bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spermatozoa isolation with Felix™ outperforms conventional density gradient centrifugation preparation in selecting cells with low DNA damage
Authors: Villeneuve Pauline , Saez Fabrice , Hug Elisa , Chorfa Areski , Guiton Rachel , Schubert Benoit , Force André , Drevet Joël R.
Published: January 2023

Background

The optimization of spermatozoa preparation techniques in order to obtain cell fractions enriched with structurally and functionally “superior” spermatozoa is a key objective of the assisted reproduction industry.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a recent development of an electrophoretic spermatozoa separation device (Felix™, Memphasys Ltd, Sydney, Australia) and to compare its performance with conventional spermatozoa preparation by density gradient centrifugation (DGC). Particular attention was paid to the evaluation of sperm DNA/nuclear integrity.

Materials & methods

A cohort of 29 human semen samples was studied. Semen samples were analyzed fresh and after DGC or Felix™ preparation. Semen parameters monitored included sample volume, sperm count, total motility, progressive motility, sperm DNA fragmentation using the Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay and sperm DNA oxidation.

Results

Spermatozoa preparation with Felix™ resulted in significantly improved spermatozoa fractions with higher progressive motility, lower sperm DNA fragmentation, and lower sperm DNA oxidation compared with raw semen and DGC‐prepared spermatozoa.

Discussion & conclusion

The data collected in this study support the preparation of spermatozoa by the Felix™ system as it allows selection of spermatozoa with the highest progressive motility as well as the lowest nuclear/DNA damage. These improved sperm parameters, along with the fact that the Felix™ separation process is very fast and highly standardized, should be of great interest to the assisted reproduction technologies industry.
Anterolateral thigh, radial forearm and superficial circumflex iliac perforator flaps in oral reconstruction: a comparative analysis
Authors: Papanikolas Michael John , Hurrell Michael James Leslie , Clark Jonathan R. , Low Tsu‐Hui (Hubert) , Ch'ng Sydney , Elliott Michael S. , Palme Carsten E. , Wykes James
Published: January 2023

Background

Anterolateral thigh (ALT) and Radial forearm free flaps (RFFF) are historically the most common methods of oral reconstruction. The Superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap (SCIP) is an alternative providing a donor site that can be readily closed primarily with improved cosmesis in younger patients, due to its concealability.

Methods

We reviewed 135 patients who received ALT, RFFF or SCIP flaps for oral reconstruction in our institution. Our aim was to compare operative and perioperative outcomes between each cohort. ANOVA and χ2 test were used for statistical analysis.

Results

There were 37 ALT, 64 RFFF and 35 SCIP reconstructions. Patients reconstructed with SCIP flaps had smaller resection volumes (P < 0.001) and earlier T and N classifications (P = 0.001, P = 0.008), and consequently reduced tracheostomy rates (P < 0.001), reduced need for enteral feeding at discharge (P < 0.001) and shorter length of stay and perioperative times (P < 0.001). SCIP flaps were more common in younger patients (P < 0.01). ALT flaps were used for more advanced disease (P = 0.001) and had larger resection volumes (P < 0.001) and increased need for assisted enteral feeding (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in flap or donor site outcomes. There were two flap failures, both RFFF.

Conclusion

Each flap plays an important role in the reconstruction of oral defects, with larger defects preferentially reconstructed with ALT flaps. SCIP appears to be a reliable alternative in small defects with excellent perioperative and postoperative outcomes.
Biomechanical and morphological comparison of two interposition graft rotator cuff repair techniques
Authors: Ting Ryan S. , Deng Anita , Rosenthal Ron , Al‐Housni Hilal S. A. , Zhong Kaitlin , Lam Patrick H. , Murrell George A. C.
Published: January 2023

Background

Interposition graft rotator cuff repair is one option for the treatment of massive, otherwise irreparable rotator cuff tears. It is undetermined how different suturing techniques influence morphology at the patch‐tendon interface in interposition rotator cuff repairs, particularly with respect to increased cross‐sectional area at the repair site post‐exposure to cyclic loading, which may influence healing. We aimed to analyze how the morphology of the grafts used in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) interposition rotator cuff repairs differed according to whether the graft was secured using the multiple mattress technique or the weave technique respectively.

Methods

Twelve PTFE interposition rotator cuff repairs (two groups, n = 6) were cyclically loaded. The thickness, width, cross‐sectional area at the individual patches and at the repair site, and patch elongation were compared between repairs using the ‘multiple mattress’ technique and repairs that used the ‘weave’ technique.

Results

At all loads, repair site cross‐sectional area and thickness was greater in the weave group than in the multiple mattress group (P<0.05), despite repair site width being greater in the multiple mattress group (P<0.05). No significant differences in elongation were found between the multiple mattress and weave groups.

Conclusion

Greater repair site cross‐sectional area under cyclic loading was observed in polytetrafluoroethylene interposition rotator repairs that used the weave technique than in those that used the multiple mattress technique. Increased repair site cross‐sectional area in the weave group occurred due to increased thickness and decreased width relative to the multiple mattress group. No differences in cross‐sectional area were found between groups at the individual patches.
Safety and efficacy of intraosseous ropivacaine in lower extremity (SORE) study
Authors: Stowers Marinus D. J. , Rahardja Richard , Nicholson Lance , Svirskis Darren , Hannam Jacqueline , Young Simon W.
Published: January 2023

Background

Day stay surgery for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions is an increasingly common practice and has driven clinicians to develop postoperative pain regimes that allow same day mobilization and a safe and timely discharge. There is a paucity of literature surrounding the use of intraosseous (IO) ropivacaine used as a Bier's block to provide both intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in lower limb surgery.

Methods

This patient blinded, pilot study randomized 15 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction to receive either IO ropivacaine 1.5 or 2.0 mg/kg; or 300 mg of ropivacaine as local infiltration. The primary outcome for this study was arterial plasma concentration of ropivacaine. Samples were taken via an arterial line at prespecified times after tourniquet deflation. Secondary outcomes included immediate postoperative pain scores using the visual analogue scale and perioperative opioid equivalent consumption.

Results

All patients in the intervention group receiving IO ropivacaine had plasma concentrations well below the threshold for central nervous system (CNS) toxicity (0.60 μg/mL). The highest plasma concentration was achieved in the intervention group receiving 1.5 mg/kg dose of ropivacaine reaching 2.93 mg/mL. This would equate to 0.18 μg/mL of free plasma ropivacaine. There were no differences across the three groups regarding pain scores or perioperative opioid consumption.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that IO ropivacaine is both safe and effective in reducing perioperative pain in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. There may be scope to increase the IO dose further or utilize other analgesics via the IO regional route to improve perioperative pain relief.
Australian trends in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse in the non‐mesh era
Authors: Mollah Taha , Brennan Janelle
Published: January 2023

Background

To assess the contemporary trends in the types and incidence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery in Australia after the removal of transvaginal mesh from the Australian market.

Methods

This was a retrospective Australian cohort study utilizing three large Governmental databases covering all private and public POP procedures in Australia. All females ≥25 years old undergoing POP procedures between 2005 and 2021 were included.

Results

From 2005–2006 to 2020–2021 there have been a total of 408 881 POP procedures in Australia. The total number of procedures peaked in 2005–2006 at 537.8 procedures per 100 000 age‐standardized female population, decreasing by an average of 3.5% per year to 329.0 procedures per 100 000 in 2018–2019, an overall 38.8% decrease (P < 0.001). A sudden growth in private operative procedures was noted between 2019–2020 and 2020–2021, from 218.2 to 268.6 procedures per 100 000 population, a 23.1% increase (P < 0.001). Laparoscopic and abdominal POP repair has seen a 115.8% increase from 13.7 procedures to 29.6 per 100 000 between 2005–2006 and 2020–2021. Over the last 15 years, the most common age group to undergo a procedure has changed from the 55 to 64 years demographic to a later decade of 65 to 74 years.

Conclusion

Over the last 15 years, the total number of POP procedures performed has significantly decreased. There has however been a recent rise in interventions seen in the private sector and the utilization of laparoscopic or abdominal POP repair has increased, which has implications for procedural credentialing to ensure patient safety.
How to isolate a high output enteroatmospheric fistula in the open abdomen with negative pressure therapy: an institution's step by step guide to the VAC donut
Authors: Suter Katherine J. L. , Fairweather Luke , Al‐Habbal Yayha , Houli Nezor , Jacobs Rodney , Bui Hai T.
Published: January 2023

There is multiple evidence to suggest that isolation techniques of high output enteroatmospheric fistulas (EAF) in open abdomens can be advantageous in controlling fistula effluent while allowing time for abdominal wall to granulate. The large loss of proteins, electrolytes and fluid, and the distressing nature of the open abdomen for both patients and doctors, make managing these EAFs a clinical challenge. We present our experience with a high output mucosal protruding EAF and the creation of a ‘VAC donut’ allowing a successful diversion of the enteric content whilst promoting granulation of the tissue bed.
The effect of organizational belonging and profession on cliniciansʼ attitudes toward supporting vaginal birth and interprofessional teamwork—a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Johnson Karin , Elvander Charlotte , Johansson Kari , Saltvedt Sissel , Edqvist Malin
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational belonging and profession on clinicians' attitudes toward supporting vaginal birth and interprofessional teamwork in Swedish maternity care.

Material and methods

The study used a cross‐sectional design, with a web‐based survey sent to midwives, physicians and nurse assistants at five labor wards in Sweden. The survey consisted of two validated scales: the Swedish version of the Labor Culture Survey (S‐LCS), measuring attitudes toward supporting vaginal birth, and the Assessment of Collaborative Environments (ACE‐15), measuring attitudes toward interprofessional teamwork. Two‐way ANOVA was conducted to assess the main effect of and interaction effect between organizational belonging and profession for the different subscales of the S‐LCS and the ACE‐15, together with Tukey's honest significant difference post‐hoc analysis and partial eta squared to determine effect size. The relation between the subscales was assessed using the Pearson's correlation analysis.

Results

A total of 539 midwives, physicians and nurse assistants completed the survey. Organizational belonging significantly influenced attitudes toward supporting vaginal birth and interprofessional teamwork, with the largest effect for Positive team culture (F = 38.88, effect size = 0.25, p < 0.001). The effect of profession was strongest for the subscale Best practices (F = 59.43, effect size = 0.20, p < 0.001), with midwives being more supportive of strategies proposed to support vaginal birth than physicians and nurse assistants. A significant interaction effect was found for four of the subscales of the S‐LCS, with the strongest effect for items reflecting the Unpredictability of vaginal birth (F = 4.49, effect size = 0.07, p < 0.001). Labor ward culture (unit microculture) specifically related to supporting vaginal birth was strongly correlated to interprofessional teamwork (r = 0.598, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In the current study, both organizational belonging and profession influenced attitudes toward supporting vaginal birth and interprofessional teamwork. Positive team culture was positively correlated to an organizational culture supportive of vaginal birth. Interventions to support vaginal births should include efforts to strengthen teamwork between professions, as well as considering women's values, preferences and informed choices.
The gestational age‐specific difference in birthweight between singletons born after fresh and frozen embryo transfer: A cohort study
Authors: Ding Qiaoqiao , Wang Yuhuan , Suo Lu , Niu Yue , Zhao Dingying , Yu Yunhai , Wei Daimin
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Accumulating studies have suggested singletons born after frozen embryo transfer (FET) were higher than those born after fresh embryo transfer (Fre‐ET). However, fewer studies had investigated the gestational age‐specific between‐group difference in birthweight. This study aimed to investigate the gestational week‐specific difference in singleton birthweight after FET vs Fre‐ET and explore potential factors that impact the difference.

Material and methods

In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 25 863 singletons were included. Multivariable linear regression and logistic regression were used to evaluate the between‐group differences in mean birthweight and the incidences of large for gestational age (LGA) and small for gestational age (SGA), respectively.

Results

Multivariable regression analyses showed a statistically significant interaction between types of embryo transfer (ie FET vs Fre‐ET) and the gestational week on mean birthweight (P < 0.001) and on the risks of large for gestational age (P = 0.001) and small for gestational age (P < 0.001). When stratified by gestational week, the differences in mean birthweight and the risks of LGA and SGA were only observed in singletons born at 37 gestational weeks or later. After adjusting for confounders, full‐term but not preterm singletons born after FET had a higher birthweight (3497.58 ± 439.73 g vs 3445.67 ± 450.24 g; adjusted mean difference 58.35 g; 95% confidence interval [CI] 38.72–77.98 g), a higher risk of LGA (24.3% vs 21.1%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.28, 95% CI 1.15–1.42) and a lower risk of SGA (3.1% vs 4.8%; adjusted OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.53–0.70) compared with those born after Fre‐ET.

Conclusions

The differences in birthweight between FET and Fre‐ET were observed in full‐term singletons but not preterm singletons.
How does stress affect maternal and paternal perceptions of relationship strain after a preterm birth? Results of a retrospective survey study
Authors: Reimer Alinda , Mause Laura , Hoffmann Jan , Hagemeier Anna , Dresbach Till , Scholten Nadine ,   Neo‐CamCare
Published: January 2023

Aim

Strain on couple relationships is associated with a lower well‐being. As premature birth is known to pose stress to parents, this study explores whether interparental relationship strain comes to pass within mothers and fathers during their infant's stay in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Methods

A retrospective cross‐sectional survey was conducted with parents who experienced a preterm birth (September to December 2020). Linear regression was used to analyse associations between stress and relationship strain.

Results

The study included 437 mothers and 301 fathers. Fathers experienced lower relationship strain (M = 2.49, SD = 1.00) than mothers (M = 3.37, SD = 1.04). Overall, a significant association between relationship strain and stress due to the infant's behaviour and appearance was found for mothers (β = 0.16, p = 0.02) and fathers, with a significantly higher association for fathers (β = 0.27, p ≤ 0.002). With regard to parental role alterations, only mothers showed a significant association (β = 0.21, p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion

Although mothers showed higher levels of stress and relationship strain, stress may also have an impact on fathers. Therefore, research should focus on stress prevention measures to meet both maternal and paternal needs.
Respiratory outcomes after delivery room stabilisation with a new respiratory support system using nasal prongs
Authors: Baldursdottir Sonja , Donaldsson Snorri , Palleri Elena , Drevhammar Thomas , Jonsson Baldvin
Published: January 2023

Aim

To study if stabilisation using a new respiratory support system with nasal prongs compared to T‐piece with a face mask is associated with less need for mechanical ventilation and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Methods

A single‐centre follow‐up study of neonates born <28 weeks gestation at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm included in the multicentre Comparison of Respiratory Support after Delivery (CORSAD) trial and randomised to initial respiratory support with the new system versus T‐piece. Data on respiratory support, neonatal morbidities and mortality were collected up to 36 weeks post‐menstrual age.

Results

Ninety‐four infants, 51 female, with a median (range) gestational age of 25 + 2 (23 + 0, 27 + 6) weeks and days, were included. Significantly fewer infants in the new system group received mechanical ventilation during the first 72 h, 24 (52.2%) compared with 35 (72.9%) (p = 0.034) and during the first 7 days, 29 (63.0%) compared with 39 (81.3%) (p = 0.045) in the T‐piece group. At 36 weeks post‐menstrual age, 13 (28.3%) in the new system and 13 (27.1%) in the T‐piece group were diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Conclusion

Stabilisation with the new system was associated with less need for mechanical ventilation during the first week of life. No significant difference was seen in the outcome of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Moving well‐being well: Using machine learning to explore the relationship between physical literacy and well‐being in children
Authors: Britton Úna , Onibonoje Oluwadurotimi , Belton Sarahjane , Behan Stephen , Peers Cameron , Issartel Johann , Roantree Mark
Published: January 2023

Physical literacy provides a foundation for lifelong engagement in physical activity, resulting in positive health outcomes. Direct pathways between physical literacy and health have not yet been investigated thoroughly. Associations between physical literacy and well‐being in children (n = 1073, mean age 10.86 ± 1.20 years) were analysed using machine learning. Motor competence (TGMD‐3 and BOT‐2) and health‐related fitness (PACER and plank) were assessed in the physical competence domain. Motivation (adapted‐Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire) and confidence (modified‐Physical Activity Self‐Efficacy Scale) were assessed in the affective domain. Well‐being was measured using the KIDSCREEN‐27. Accuracy of predicting well‐being from physical literacy was investigated using five machine learning classifiers (decision tree, random forest, XGBoost, AdaBoost, k‐nearest neighbour) in the full sample and across subgroups (sex, socioeconomic status [SES], age). XGBoost predicted well‐being from physical literacy with an accuracy of 87% in the full sample. Predictive accuracy was lowest in low SES participants. Contribution of physical literacy features differed substantially across subgroups. Physical literacy predicts well‐being in children but the relative contribution of physical literacy features to well‐being differs substantially between subgroups.
Reduction of oocyte shedding and cecal inflammation by 5‐aminolevulinic acid daily supplementation in laying hens infected with Eimeria tenella
Authors: Hatabu Toshimitsu , Pham Hung Hoang Son , Aota Wataru , Fujino Shota , Nishihara Rio , Kawamura Go , Sakogawa Yuudai , Taniguchi Shin , Matsubayashi Makoto
Published: January 2023

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) on Eimeria tenella infection in laying hens. Oocyst shedding and histopathology were evaluated. A reduced oocyst shedding was observed 5 and 7 days post‐infection (dpi) in the 5‐ALA‐administered group, but the total number of oocysts during the first infection period was not different between control and 5‐ALA‐treated groups. After E. tenella attack infection, the period of oocyst shedding in the 5‐ALA‐administered group lasted less long than that in controls. During the attack infection period, the total number of fecal oocysts in the 5‐ALA‐treated group was significantly lower than that in the control group. However, the parasite burden score in hens receiving 5‐ALA was higher than that in controls after E. tenella attack infection. The lesion scores at 5 and 30 dpi in the control group were significantly lower than those in the 5‐ALA‐administered group. Therefore, 5‐ALA administration might be beneficial against E. tenella infection in laying hens.
Fitting South Korea in the United Kingdom's Indo‐Pacific tilt
Authors: Kim Saeme
Published: January 2023

As the UK seeks to build stronger relations with countries in the Indo‐Pacific, an important factor for its relations with South Korea will be the extent to which South Korea can clarify its own geopolitical orientation, including how it grapples with issues linked to China's rise. As the UK projects its leadership in a post‐Brexit era, it is identifying, through the Indo‐Pacific tilt, aspects where it can exercise influence in the region. Through the process, it will orient itself in new and existing networks and seek to identify reliable partners. There is potential for South Korea to be a bigger partner, but it will depend on how far South Korea can move out of its comfort zone and how deeply it is willing to imbed itself in the transforming networked architecture.
Which firms opt for corporate social responsibility assurance? A machine learning prediction
Authors: Thompson Ephraim Kwashie , Buertey Samuel
Published: January 2023

On the background of voluntary assurances made by corporations in line with the assertions in their corporate social responsibility disclosures, we investigate which types of firms will obtain an independent certification of their corporate social responsibility disclosures. The study is based on firms listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) from 2015 to 2019. Deviating from traditional regression approaches, we employ machine learning techniques and show that machine learning techniques obtain superior performance compared to traditional logistic regression at predicting the likelihood of corporate social responsibility assurance by a corporation. The result also shows that large firms with high CSR score, independent board, highly leveraged and belonging to finance industry are the most likely to assure their CSR disclosures.
Combining Observational and Experimental Datasets Using Shrinkage Estimators
Authors: Rosenman Evan T.R. , Basse Guillaume , Owen Art B. , Baiocchi Mike
Published: January 2023

We consider the problem of combining data from observational and experimental sources to draw causal conclusions. To derive combined estimators with desirable properties, we extend results from the Stein shrinkage literature. Our contributions are threefold. First, we propose a generic procedure for deriving shrinkage estimators in this setting, making use of a generalized unbiased risk estimate. Second, we develop two new estimators, prove finite sample conditions under which they have lower risk than an estimator using only experimental data, and show that each achieves a notion of asymptotic optimality. Third, we draw connections between our approach and results in sensitivity analysis, including proposing a method for evaluating the feasibility of our estimators.
The promise and harms of screening for plasma cell dyscrasias
Authors: Mohyuddin Ghulam Rehman , Chakraborty Rajshekhar , Cliff Edward R. Scheffer
Published: January 2023

In this perspective, we highlight both the promise and harms of screening for plasma cell dyscrasias, as well as the implications of the use of mass spectrometry for diagnosing monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in routine practice.
Oral immunotherapy using boiled peanuts for treating peanut allergy: An open‐label, single‐arm trial
Authors: Grzeskowiak Luke E. , Tao Billy , Aliakbari Kamelya , Chegeni Nusha , Morris Scott , Chataway Tim
Published: January 2023

Background

Peanut allergy affects 1%–3% of children in Western countries. Boiling peanuts has been demonstrated to result in a hypoallergenic product that may provide a safer way of inducing desensitization in peanut‐allergic patients by first inducing tolerance to boiled peanut. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of oral immunotherapy (OIT) using sequential doses of boiled peanuts followed by roasted peanuts for treating peanut allergy in children.

Methods

In this open‐label, phase 2, single‐arm clinical trial, children aged 6–18 years with a positive history of peanut allergy and positive peanut skin prick test ≥ 8 mm and/or peanut‐specific IgE ≥ 15 kU/L at screening underwent OIT involving sequential up‐dosing with 12‐hour boiled peanut for 12 weeks, 2‐hour boiled peanut for 20 weeks and roasted peanut for 20 weeks, to a target maintenance dose of 12 roasted peanuts daily. Primary outcome: proportion of children passing open‐label oral food challenge involving cumulative administration of 12 roasted peanuts (12 g peanuts; approximately 3000 mg peanut protein) 6–8 weeks after reaching the target maintenance dose. Secondary outcomes included treatment‐related adverse events and use of medications for treating allergy symptoms.

Results

Between 1 July 2017 and 22 June 2018, 70 participants were enrolled and commenced OIT. Desensitization was successfully induced in 56 of 70 (80%) participants. Withdrawal due to treatment‐related adverse events was infrequent (n = 3). Treatment‐related adverse events were reported in 43 (61%) participants, corresponding to a rate of 6.58 per 1000 OIT doses. Medication use associated with treatment‐related adverse events was infrequent, with rescue epinephrine use reported by three (4%) participants (0.05 per 1000 doses).

Conclusion

Oral immunotherapy using boiled followed by roasted peanuts represents a pragmatic approach that appears effective in inducing desensitization and is associated with a favourable safety profile.
Psilocin suppresses methamphetamine‐induced hyperlocomotion and acquisition of conditioned place preference via D2R‐mediated ERK signaling
Authors: Wang Jing , Liang Min , Shang Qing , Qian Hongyan , An Ran , Liu Hua , Shao Gaojie , Li Tao , Liu Xinshe
Published: January 2023

Aim

Psilocin is an active metabolite form of psilocybin and exerts psychoactive effects. Recent studies suggest that psilocin may have regulatory effects on abuse drugs, but the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we want to explore the effects of psilocin on methamphetamine (METH)‐induced alterations of behavior in mice and its molecular mechanisms.

Methods

Acute METH administration model and conditioned place preference (CPP) model were used to investigate the effects of psilocin on METH‐induced alterations of behavior. Western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins.

Results

In the acute 2 mg/kg METH administration model, 1 mg/kg psilocin counteracted METH‐induced elevation of activity. In the 1 mg/kg METH‐induced CPP model, 1 mg/kg psilocin inhibited CPP formation during the acquisition phase. However, psilocin did not impact METH extinction and relapse. Molecular results showed that the regulatory effect of psilocin on METH was underscored by altered expression of dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) and phosphorylated extra‐cellular signal‐regulated kinase (p‐ERK) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Trifluoperazine (TFP)‐2HCl is a D2R inhibitor, and SCH772984 is a selective extra‐cellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor that effectively inhibits ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The results indicated that 2 mg/kg TFP‐2HCl and 10 mg/kg SCH772984 blocked METH‐induced hyperactivity and acquisition of METH‐induced CPP.

Conclusion

Psilocin has regulatory effects on METH‐induced alterations of behavior in mice via D2R‐mediated signal regulation of ERK phosphorylation.
Alpinetin inhibits neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis via targeting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in spinal cord injury
Authors: Xiao Shining , Zhang Yu , Liu Zihao , Li Anan , Tong Weilai , Xiong Xu , Nie Jiangbo , Zhong Nanshan , Zhu Guoqing , Liu Jiaming , Liu Zhili
Published: January 2023

Background

A growing body of research shows that drug monomers from traditional Chinese herbal medicines have antineuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects that can significantly improve the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we explore the role and molecular mechanisms of Alpinetin on activating microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis after SCI.

Methods

Stimulation of microglia with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate neuroinflammation models in vitro, the effect of Alpinetin on the release of pro‐inflammatory mediators in LPS‐induced microglia and its mechanism were detected. In addition, a co‐culture system of microglia and neuronal cells was constructed to assess the effect of Alpinetin on activating microglia‐mediated neuronal apoptosis. Finally, rat spinal cord injury models were used to study the effects on inflammation, neuronal apoptosis, axonal regeneration, and motor function recovery in Alpinetin.

Results

Alpinetin inhibits microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation and activity of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Alpinetin can also reverse activated microglia‐mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in PC12 neuronal cells. In addition, in vivo Alpinetin significantly inhibits the inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis, improves axonal regeneration, and recovery of motor function.

Conclusion

Alpinetin can be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases and is a novel drug candidate for the treatment of microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation.
Timing of operation for poor‐grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Relationship with delayed cerebral ischemia and poor prognosis
Authors: Lu Junlin , Wang Liang , Li Runting , Lin Fa , Chen Yu , Yan Debin , Yang Jun , Li Ruinan , Li Zhipeng , Zhang Haibin , Han Heze , Yuan Kexin , Wang Ke , Ren Yihang , Chen Xiaolin , Zhao Yuanli , Zhao Jizong
Published: January 2023

Aims

To assess differences in the clinical prognosis between different treatment timings in poor‐grade (Hunt and Hess grade 4–5) aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients.

Methods

The treated 127 poor‐grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients were divided into three groups: early treatment within 2 days, treatment on days 3 to 10, and treatment for more than 10 days after the hemorrhage. Odd ratios with a 95% confidence interval were calculated in logistic regression for different timing strategies regarding delayed cerebral ischemia and poor prognosis at 3 months. Subgroup analyses were conducted to determine whether the different timing strategies affect the prognosis.

Results

Patients who received the treatment on days 3 to 10 were prone to develop delayed cerebral ischemia and poor prognosis at 3 months. Postponing treatment in patients older than 55 years or diagnosed with an intraventricular hematoma on the initial computed tomography scan may lead to poor prognosis, with the early intervention group as a reference.

Conclusions

Early intervention in poor‐grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is suggested to be implemented. The treatment on 3 to 10 days harbored the highest risk of poor prognosis; patients might benefit more from early intervention, especially for ones older than 55 years or diagnosed with an intraventricular hematoma.
A three‐dimensional spheroid co‐culture system of neurons and astrocytes derived from Alzheimer's disease patients for drug efficacy testing
Authors: Park HyunJung , Kim Jaehyeon , Ryou Chongsuk
Published: January 2023

Cell culture systems derived from the progenitor cells of human patients have many advantages over animal models for therapeutic drug testing and studies of disease pathogenesis. Here we describe a three‐dimensional (3D) spheroid co‐culture system of neurons and astrocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells–neural precursor cells (iPSCs–NPCs) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients or healthy individuals that can provide information on drug efficacy unobtainable by 2D co‐culture or monoculture approaches. iPSCs–NPCs of healthy controls or AD patients were seeded onto 96‐well U‐bottom plates and incubated with neuronal differentiation medium for one week and with astrocytic medium for two weeks to replicate the temporal order of cell maturation during brain development. These 3D spheroid models expressed marker proteins for mature neurons and astrocytes. In particular, patient‐derived spheroids showed beta‐amyloid (Aβ) accumulation as revealed by thioflavin T (ThT) staining and ELISA. Aggregation of Aβ induced caspase activation and cell death, while the neuroprotectants nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and curcumin (CU) reduced the levels of both ThT and caspase staining. Taken together, these results demonstrate the feasibility of our 3D spheroids combined with ThT and caspase staining as a patient‐based anti‐AD drug screening platform.
Wildlife institutions highly salient to human attitudes toward wildlife
Authors: Merz Leandra , Pienaar Elizabeth F. , Fik Timothy , Muyengwa Shylock , Child Brian
Published: January 2023

Efforts to promote human‐wildlife coexistence may be overly focused on wildlife‐related costs and benefits. We conducted research in Mozambique to gain insights into how governance of wildlife influences potential for human‐wildlife coexistence. Mozambique is an under‐studied region with a unique history of Portuguese rule, extended civil unrest, substantial wildlife trafficking, and current re‐wilding efforts. We conducted surveys, logistic regression, and hotspot analysis to assess which variables are correlated with positive attitudes toward living with wildlife. Most respondents (61%) expressed positive attitudes toward living with wildlife. Attitudes were positively correlated with age, gender, distance from the park, wildlife benefits, restricted access to natural resources, and agreement with wildlife rules. Conflict with wildlife (i.e., livestock predation, human harm, and crop loss) were not significant predictors of attitudes. Respondents who agreed with the rules governing wildlife were 30‐times more likely to have positive attitudes. This new and important finding highlights the possibility that institutions that address environmental justice, including the devolution of wildlife to local communities, may be more salient than the conventional measures of costs and benefits for understanding human‐wildlife coexistence. Our results suggest that much more attention should be dedicated to the role of local institutions in promoting human‐wildlife coexistence.
Donor specific antibodies association with survival and adverse events after heart transplantation: A single center retrospective study between 2006 and 2021
Authors: Akhtar Waqas , Peterzan Mark A. , Banya Winston , Olwell Brian , Aghouee Farveh Vakilian , Brookes Paul , Dunning John , Dar Owais
Published: January 2023

Objective

Newly detected donor HLA‐specific antibodies (DSA) are historically known to be associated with reduced survival in heart transplant patients. Our objective is to clarify the modern incidence of DSA and determine its relationship with survival and MACE.

Methods

This retrospective study included all patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation at Harefield Hospital, London between January 1, 2006 and May 31, 2021. We identified patients who developed DSA at any point post heart transplantation and its effect on survival and MACE (defined as rejection, coronary event, stroke, and arrhythmia.

Results

In total of 232 patients were included with a median follow up time of 4.7 years post heart transplantation. 23.7% of patients included developed DSA post heart transplantation. There was a significantly increased risk of death in patients developing DSA versus not (sub distribution hazard ratio [SHR] 1.83, 95% confidence interval 1.03–3.24, p = .04). At the time of detection of DSA, 38.2% of the cohort had rejection necessitating treatment. A MACE event had occurred in 48.1% by 2 years and 53.7% by 3 years in the DSA cohort. There was a significantly increased risk of MACE in patients developing DSA versus not (SHR 2.48 [1.58–3.89, p < .0001]).

Conclusions

This study showed an increased risk of death and MACE in patients developing DSA post heart transplantation. Further research is required into the optimal management of these patients
Power and respect in global health research collaboration: Perspectives from research partners in the United States and the Dominican Republic
Authors: Green Corrinne , Scharf Jodi , Jiménez‐Bautista Ana , Halpern Mina
Published: January 2023

Research partnerships between institutions in the Global North and institutions in the Global South have many potential benefits, including sharing of knowledge and resources. However, such partnerships are traditionally exploitative to varying degrees. In order to promote equity in South‐North research partnerships, it is necessary to learn from the experiences of researchers collaborating internationally. This study analyzed transcripts from eleven semi‐structured qualitative interviews with researchers working at Clínica de Familia La Romana, an institution in the Dominican Republic with decades of experience with research and research partnerships with institutions from the Global North. The findings of this study suggest that respect for resources invested in research, as well as for the researchers and institutions themselves, are vital components to a successful global health research partnership. These findings have implications for individual research partnerships, as well as the policies of journals and institutions providing funding that affect these partnerships.
Density effects on native and non‐native trout survival in streams
Authors: Huntsman Brock M. , Flynn Lauren , Caldwell Colleen A. , Lynch Abigail J. , Abadi Fitsum
Published: January 2023

Environmental stressors associated with a changing climate and non‐native fish, individually, represent significant threats to native fish conservation. These threats can exacerbate risks to native fishes when conditions interact at the trailing edge of a population's distribution. We collected capture–mark–recapture data for Rio Grande cutthroat trout (RGCT, Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis) at the trailing edge of all cutthroat trout distributions from eight northern New Mexico populations. We used a factorial sampling design from streams characterised as “cool” or “warm” and whether RGCT were sympatric with non‐native brown trout (Salmo trutta). We tested competing hypotheses that warm temperatures, reduced flows, high densities and sympatry with brown trout would negatively impact RGCT apparent survival rates. We found the strongest evidence for a non‐native trout interaction with total trout density affecting RGCT apparent survival rates. Our results are consistent with patterns observed in northern cutthroat trout populations where non‐native salmonids negatively impacted apparent survival rates. We also found that a negative density effect was observed on allopatric RGCT and sympatric brown trout apparent survival, but a positive density effect was observed for sympatric RGCT. These results suggest higher density populations of RGCT may be more resilient to displacement by non‐native trout than low‐density populations.
The introduction of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus to Northern Ireland and the subsequent development of ash dieback
Authors: Baxter Emma , Cooke Louise R. , Spaans Florentine , Grant Irene R. , McCracken Alistair R.
Published: January 2023

Ash dieback caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus was first recorded in Northern Ireland (NI) in November 2012. The disease was observed only on recently (<6 years) planted trees. An in‐depth case study in 2015 of an ash plantation with severe symptoms indicated that many of the trees were infected at the time of planting. Apothecia were observed developing from pseudosclerotia beneath the epidermis of dead branches still attached to the tree, suggesting a possible mechanism whereby H. fraxineus could be disseminated without leaf or rachises infection. Apothecia also formed on roots, indicating that infections may also occur in the soil. Often young trees were killed by the formation of large basal lesions which did not arise from stem infections higher up. On first detecting the disease on the island of Ireland the Governments of NI and the Republic of Ireland published an “All‐Ireland Chalara Control Strategy.” Part of that strategy was a ban on the importation of ash plants from regions where the disease was known to be present, to prevent the introduction of further inoculum, and the implementation of an ‘eradication and containment’ policy with the aim of preventing the establishment and spread of the disease. While these measures may have slowed disease establishment, they were ultimately unsuccessful and by 2018 ash dieback was widespread and established throughout the whole of NI in plantations and in the wider environment.
Risk of violent behaviour in young people at clinical high risk for psychosis from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Studies consortium
Authors: Tronick Lauren N. , Mirzakhanian Heline , Addington Jean , Bearden Carrie E. , Cannon Tyrone D. , Cornblatt Barbara A. , Keshavan Matcheri , Mathalon Daniel H. , McGlashan Thomas H. , Perkins Diana O. , Stone William , Tsuang Ming T. , Walker Elaine F. , Woods Scott W. , Cadenhead Kristin S.
Published: January 2023

Aim

Although violent behaviour has been studied in schizophrenia, violence risk has received little attention in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR). This manuscript aims to report and discuss the overall results of the Structured Assessment for Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) from the NAPLS‐3 project to explore the risk of violence in CHR youth and to determine the relationship between SAVRY violence risk scores, psychosis risk symptoms, and global functioning. We hypothesized that CHR young people are at higher risk of violence as compared to healthy comparison participants due to a similarity between risk factors for psychosis and risk factors for violence, and that this risk is associated with greater severity of symptoms, poor functioning, and risk for conversion to psychosis.

Methods

Participants from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study consortium phase 3 (NAPLS‐3) included 684 CHR and 96 HC. Assessments included the Structural Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY), clinical and functional measures.

Results

The majority of participants across groups were deemed to be at low risk for violence. There were significantly more CHR participants (29.8%) who had moderate or high scores on the SAVRY Summary Risk Rating compared to HC participants (3.1%). Low versus moderate‐high SAVRY scores were associated with better social (p < .005) and role (p < .002) functioning and fewer positive (p < .002), negative (p < .002), disorganized (p < .01) and general symptoms (p < .002). CHR participants with higher SAVRY scores were more likely to be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, ADHD and substance misuse. Among CHR, overall violence risk was not associated with conversion to psychosis. However, those who converted to psychosis scored lower on the protective factors index, primarily driven by less prosocial involvement and fewer resilient personality traits.

Conclusions

This is the first study to assess violence risk in CHR adolescents. Violence risk factors overlap with risk factors for psychosis in general, perhaps accounting for the association. These findings have implications for intervention efforts to reduce violence risk and bolster resiliency in CHR youth.
Equilibrating financially sustainable growth and environmental, social, and governance sustainable growth
Authors: Bellandi Francesco
Published: January 2023

Should financially sustainable growth and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) sustainable growth targets interact? Does a company's growth add to both shareholders' surplus and surplus of stakeholders different from shareholders? The objective of this study is to address the unconventional problem of equilibrium between financially sustainable growth and ESG sustainable growth and how to detect and correct imbalances in those two dimensions. It develops both an incremental framework that articulates, organizes, and connects current theories of financially sustainable growth, ESG, sustainable development, corporate social responsibility, and stakeholder theory, and a revelatory model, the financial/ESG sustainable growth matrix. It inspires new multiple‐disciplinary research to see growth differently, as the impact on shareholders versus stakeholders different from shareholders of equilibrium and tension between financial and ESG growth. The model developed is directly applicable to management practice and beneficial to a broader community, as it reveals companies that create or destroy societal surplus.
Objective hand eczema severity assessment with automated lesion anatomical stratification
Authors: Amruthalingam Ludovic , Mang Nora , Gottfrois Philippe , Gonzalez Jimenez Alvaro , Maul Julia‐Tatjana , Kunz Michael , Pouly Marc , Navarini Alexander A.
Published: January 2023

Hand eczema (HE) is one of the most frequent dermatoses, known to be both relapsing and remitting. Regular and precise evaluation of the disease severity is key for treatment management. Current scoring systems such as the hand eczema severity index (HECSI) suffer from intra‐ and inter‐observer variance. We propose an automated system based on deep learning models (DLM) to quantify HE lesions' surface and determine their anatomical stratification. In this retrospective study, a team of 11 experienced dermatologists annotated eczema lesions in 312 HE pictures, and a medical student created anatomical maps of 215 hands pictures based on 37 anatomical subregions. Each data set was split into training and test pictures and used to train and evaluate two DLMs, one for anatomical mapping, the other for HE lesions segmentation. On the respective test sets, the anatomy DLM achieved average precision and sensitivity of 83% (95% confidence interval [CI] 80–85) and 85% (CI 82–88), while the HE DLM achieved precision and sensitivity of 75% (CI 64–82) and 69% (CI 55–81). The intraclass correlation of the predicted HE surface with dermatologists' estimated surface was 0.94 (CI 0.90–0.96). The proposed method automatically predicts the anatomical stratification of HE lesions' surface and can serve as support to evaluate hand eczema severity, improving reliability, precision and efficiency over manual assessment. Furthermore, the anatomical DLM is not limited to HE and can be applied to any other skin disease occurring on the hands such as lentigo or psoriasis.