bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Requirement Prioritization of Complex Web 2.0 Application Based on Effects on Regression Testing
Authors: Gupta Varun , Chauhan D.S. , Dutta Kamlesh
Published: August 2017

Web 2.0 applications are complex information systems. Likewise any desktop applications, web applications are complex and require effective requirement prioritization preceded by effective decision aspect prioritization by involving diverse stakeholders. During the release of new increments, objective is to provide value to the software and simultaneously lowering the regression testing effort. This can be achieved by implementing all highest priority requirements along with those dependent on them so that next increments implemented requirements independent of already implemented ones. The challenges involved in aspect selection, requirement prioritization, and effective selection of the security requirements of Web 2.0 application makes its incremental deliveries a complex task as compared to that of desktop applications. The proposed requirement prioritization process is hybrid approach i.e. Based on combination of negotiations and methods to prioritize both decision aspects and software requirements. This technique reduces regression testing effort by taking an impact on regression testing as one of the parameters during prioritization and overcomes various problems related to prioritization of web 2.0 applications. This technique is applied on live system of “Virtual Classroom”, by employing three stakeholder groups with total 8 stakeholders. Results were promising since it resulted in the successful delivery of web application due to effective aspect and requirement prioritization thereby leading to reduced regression testing effort.
Prevention of SQL Injection Attacks in Web Browsers
Authors: Balasubramanian Kannan
Published: August 2017

Applications that operate on the Web often interact with a database to persistently store data. For example, if an e-commerce application needs to store a user's credit card number, they typically retrieve the data from a Web form (filled out by the customer) and pass that data to some application or script running on the company's server. The dominant language that these database queries are written in is SQL, the Structured Query Language. Web applications can be vulnerable to a malicious user crafting input that gets executed on the server. One instance of this is an attacker entering Structured Query Language (SQL) commands into input fields, and then this data being used directly on the server by a Web application to construct a database query. The result could be an attacker's gaining control over the database and possibly the server. Care should be taken to validate user input on the server side before user data is used.
Analysis of Data Validation Techniques for Online Banking Services
Authors: Aljawarneh Shadi A.
Published: August 2017

The insufficient preparation for the information and communication technologies revolution led to few offering online transaction platforms, information security features, and credit facilities. One of the security concerns is a lack of data validation. Data that is not validated or not properly validated is the main issue for serious security vulnerabilities affecting online banking applications. In this chapter, the influences of security issues on world banks will be discussed. A number of data validation methods will be also reviewed to date to provide a systematic summary to banking environment. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of each method, the IT developer will decide which is best suited to develop the systematic online banking application. From this analysis, a global view of the current and future tendencies of data validation will be obtained and therefore provision of possible recommendations for solving the security and privacy issues for the online banking services.
Adding More Agility to Software Product Line Methods
Authors: Tian Kun
Published: August 2017

Software Product Line Methods (SPLMs) have been continuously gaining attention, especially in practice, for on one hand, they address diverse market needs while controlling costs by planned systematic reuse in core assets development (domain engineering), and on another hand, they reduce products' time-to-market, achieving a certain level of agility in product development (application engineering). More cost-effective and agile as they are than traditional development methods for producing families of similar products, SPLMs still seem to be heavy weight in nature. In SPLMs, significant up-front commitments are involved in development of a flexible product platform, which will be modified into a range of products sharing common features. Agile Methods (AMs) share similar goals with SPLMs, e.g., on rapidly delivering high quality software that meets the changing needs of stakeholders. However, they appear to differ significantly practices. The purpose of this work is to compare Agile and Software Product line approaches from fundamental goals/principles, engineering, software quality assurance, sand project management perspectives, etc. The results of the study can be used to determine the feasibility of tailoring a software product line approach with Agile practices, resulting in a lighter-weight approach that provides mass customization, reduced time-to-market, and improved customer satisfaction.
Adaptive Future Internet Applications
Authors: Marquezan Clarissa Cassales , Metzger Andreas , Pohl Klaus , Engen Vegard , Boniface Michael , Phillips Stephen C. , Zlatev Zlatko
Published: August 2017

Adaptive capabilities are essential to guarantee the proper execution of Web services and service-oriented applications once dynamic changes are not exceptions but the rule. The importance of adaptive capabilities significantly increases in the context of Future Internet (FI) applications will have to autonomously adapt to changes on service provisioning, availability of things and content, computing resources, and network connectivity. Current solutions for adaptive Web services and adaptive service-based applications will be challenged in such a setting because they fall short to support essential characteristics of FI applications. This chapter analyzes and justifies the need for the transition from adaptive Web services and service-based applications to adaptive FI applications. Based on two real-world use cases from multimedia and logistics, the authors examine where current solutions fall short to properly address the adaptive needs of FI applications. They propose future research challenges that should be considered in adaptive FI applications.
The Shop of the Future
Authors: Toma Christian Hendrik
Published: August 2017

Fashion customers often regard shopping online for clothing as being more of a convenience-based event rather than an experience-bearing touch point, lacking both relational and sensory attributes (Cai, Shen, & Guo, 2012). In a clear attempt to add further dimensions to online retailing, virtual reality (VR) clearly emerged at CES 2015 (Consumer Electronic Show) as a promising solution to watch (Housley, 2015). Within the context outlined above, this chapter set out to explore whether and how online retailers within the fashion industry could bridge the gap between the offline and online customer experience through the use of virtual reality solutions. More specifically, the objectives of this chapter are to: (1) explore the potential impact and possible applications of VR within the fashion retailing industry, (2) identify and critically analyse consumers' and fashion retailers' attitudes towards VR, (3) assess contributing factors and barriers to investment in VR solutions by fashion retailers.
Information and Knowledge Management Perspective Contributions for Fashion Studies
Authors: Jamil George Leal , Jamil Cecília Carvalho
Published: August 2017

In this chapter a focus on practical organizational aspects is considered: how to understand the development of concrete, objective processes such as logistics and supply chain management for fashion production and commercialization, with the help of information and knowledge management (IKM). For this study, some restrictive fundamentals are applied. The basic methodological aspect is to consider a “collection” as a line of artifacts of clothing produced according fashion concepts and propositions, resulting in several tangible products – as the clothing itself, complementary accessories, usage-oriented implementations – and intangible factors – such as image, communication messages, brand, artistic and cultural propositions, among many others (Sauro, 2009; Godart et al., 2015). It is a remarkably complex result, resulting from an intense creative process that receives internal and external influences, regarding organizational boundaries, which has to be limited to a focus for a particular study, as it is considered for this chapter. It is important also to mention that “collection” as referred here, approaches mainly clothing, although the term is also related to several other artifacts and products, such as shoes, jewelry, particular accessories, etc.
Green Strategy for Production of Antimicrobial Textiles
Authors: Ali Nagia Farag
Published: August 2017

The article deals with the measurement of the antimicrobial activity for some natural dyes against various types of microbes as (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomons aeruginosa), Using nano materials for some metals or its oxides as titanium oxide for treatment of fabrics before dyeing, these materials were fixed on the fiber by chemical bonds to acquire new properties as antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi and also to protect from ultra violet rays. Using a traditional and microwave heating for extraction of dyes and dyeing methods because microwave heating is a more effective method than traditional heating. Other additional features are that, they are cheaper, more economical, eco-friendly, and produce a higher dye uptake as compared to conventional techniques, environmentally friendly pre-treatment by chitosan before dyeing in order to obtain dyed fabric with high quality and more protected against microbes. Application of antimicrobial agents in the development in the textiles as chitosan, qutenary ammonium salt and neem.
Inadvertent Migration of Hepatic Artery Pseudoaneurysm Coil during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Alchanan Riad , Chhina Rajdeep , Salahia Ghali , Huang Dean , lewis Dylan
Published: August 2017

We report a case of a 72-year-old male with a cascade of complications being diagnosed as an acute cholecystitis. The cascade includes iatrogenic pulling of coils, which were placed for treatment of right hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm, into the common bile duct (CBD) in an attempt for removal of the misplaced/migrated CBD plastic stent inserted by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The case demonstrates a series of mishaps leading to a rare complication of iatrogenic migration of transarterial coil in the gastrointestinal tract. This could be the first case of coil migration as a complication of ERCP due to suboptimal stenting/removal techniques.
“Marx morreu: viva Marx!” Apontamentos sobre o golpe no contemporâneo
Authors: Maheirie Katia , Brizola Ana Lídia Campos
Published: August 2017

editorial
Processo Psicossocial de Apropriação pelos Frequentadores da Praça Henrique Lage em Imbituba - SC
Authors: Jerônimo Rosa Nadir , Pittigliani Carolina De Souza , Reichow Jeverson Rogério Costa
Published: August 2017

Esta pesquisa empírica de abordagem qualitativa teve como objetivo compreender o processo de apropriação do espaço dos frequentadores da Praça Henrique Lage, em Imbituba – SC. A amostra foi composta por seis frequentadores na faixa etária de 12 a 22 anos de ambos os sexos.  Como específicos buscou-se identificar o simbolismo, estética, cognição, relações sociais e afetivas dos frequentadores; identificar a relação entre o bem-estar do frequentador da praça com conceitos da Psicologia Ambiental; examinar a infraestrutura (aspectos físicos) da praça que interfere na qualidade de vida dos cidadãos e obter opiniões dos frequentadores para melhoria do local. Os resultados foram apresentados pela análise do conteúdo trazido nas narrativas. Conclui-se que a pesquisa evidenciou o sentimento dos indivíduos e de como a praça influencia nas relações sociais e bem-estar dessas pessoas, sendo ponto de encontro e de interação, de tranquilidade e lazer.
De vizinhos a piqueteiros: movimentos de trabalhadores desempregados e grupos subalternos na Argentina recente
Authors: Neves Renake Bertholdo David das
Published: August 2017

A partir da década de 1980, para as frações mais débeis dos grupos subalternos urbanos na Argentina, o bairro torna-se espaço vital – o único – de ação e organização política. Este artigo pretende analisar as significativas mudanças que o surgimento e o desenvolvimento dos Movimentos de Trabalhadores Desempregados (piqueteiros), a partir de meados dos anos 1990, operam na ação e no pensamento político desses setores populares, ainda que o bairro siga sendo a espinha dorsal da organização política desses grupos. Avaliamos que os MTD argentinos expressam, de forma significativa, várias facetas da reconfiguração da relação entre capital e trabalho no capitalismo contemporâneo (pós-1970) As reflexões apresentadas aqui derivam de nossa pesquisa de doutorado, cujas fontes foram documentos produzidos por MTD – jornais, periódicos, panfletos, comunicados – e entrevistas temáticas e de história de vida realizadas com trabalhadores desses movimentos.
A psicose ordinária e seus índices: uma investigação à luz da clínica borromeana
Authors: Martins da Costa Guedes Marconi , Vieira Luchina Márcia Maria Rosa
Published: August 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar a noção de psicose ordinária e suas manifestações na clínica psicanalítica atual. Abordaremos os seus desdobramentos teórico-clínicos, interrogando, sobretudo, quais são os seus índices e fundamentos conceituais, buscando realizar sua leitura a partir das formulações da clínica borromeana de Jacques Lacan. Problematizaremos em que medida as elaborações de Jacques-Alain Miller em torno das chamadas psicoses ordinárias têm nos possibilitado realizar uma leitura de algumas psicoses cujos quadros são marcados por manifestações de certo desligamento social, corporal e subjetivo, evidenciando a presença do que Miller caracterizou como neodesencadeamentos, neoconversões e neotransferências na clínica contemporânea.
Capacitação da pessoa com deficiência intelectual ao mercado de trabalho numa APAE do Sul de Santa Catarina
Authors: Cardoso Laysa Karoline , Kern Cristina
Published: August 2017

Trata-se de um estudo de caso em uma APAE do sul de Santa Catarina, para conhecer as medidas adotadas pela instituição na capacitação para a inclusão da pessoa com deficiência intelectual no mercado de trabalho. Atualmente o número de pessoas com deficiência intelectual no mercado formal de trabalho é consideravelmente menor do que o das pessoas com outros tipos de deficiência e, nessa direção, pretende-se favorecer a reflexão quanto à importância da capacitação dessas pessoas. O delineamento é de natureza qualitativa e para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a análise documental e as entrevistas semidirigidas com os professores e equipe multiprofissional envolvidos no processo de capacitação profissional. Os dados foram avaliados a partir da análise de conteúdo. Concluem-se como entraves à inclusão no mercado de trabalho: a falta de perfil dos alunos para as vagas disponibilizadas, dificuldade de desvinculação da família dos alunos aos benefícios recebidos e superproteção familiar.
Autonomia apesar da dependência: a construção de uma Antropologia Dimensional no diálogo entre Frankl e Hartmann
Authors: Silva Daniel Rubens Santiago da , Matthias Úrsula Anne
Published: August 2017

O artigo se trata de um estudo teórico onde são apresentados alguns pontos da Ontologia Dimensional de Nicolai Hartmann e a relação destes com a Antropologia Ontológico-Dimensional de Viktor Frankl. Além dos pontos em que se percebe uma clara influência de Hartmann no pensamento frankliano, procurou-se chegar a elementos do pensamento do primeiro para além daquilo que serve de fundamento à Logoterapia. Quanto à influência de Hartmann, concluiu-se pela centralidade de sua Ontologia Dimensional no esquema frankliano, atestada pelas concessões ao condicionamento “psicofísico” e pela crítica ao pandeterminismo e ao reducionismo. O resultado é a fórmula: “autonomia apesar da dependência”. Quanto aos elementos que estão para além daquilo que serve de fundamento à Logoterapia, perceberam-se possibilidades fecundas de diálogo, como por ocasião da discussão em torno da vida espiritual “a-temporal” e do “espírito objetivo”.
Comparison between 3D-Var and 4D-Var data assimilation methods for the simulation of a heavy rainfall case in central Italy
Authors: Mazzarella Vincenzo , Maiello Ida , Capozzi Vincenzo , Budillon Giorgio , Ferretti Rossella
Published: August 2017

Abstract. This work aims to provide a comparison between three dimensional and four dimensional variational data assimilation methods (3D-Var and 4D-Var) for a heavy rainfall case in central Italy. To evaluate the impact of the assimilation of reflectivity and radial velocity acquired from Monte Midia Doppler radar into the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model, the quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) is used.The two methods are compared for a heavy rainfall event that occurred in central Italy on 14 September 2012 during the first Special Observation Period (SOP1) of the HyMeX (HYdrological cycle in Mediterranean EXperiment) campaign. This event, characterized by a deep low pressure system over the Tyrrhenian Sea, produced flash floods over the Marche and Abruzzo regions, where rainfall maxima reached more than 150 mm 24 h−1.To identify the best QPF, nine experiments are performed using 3D-Var and 4D-Var data assimilation techniques. All simulations are compared in terms of rainfall forecast and precipitation measured by the gauges through three statistical indicators: probability of detection (POD), critical success index (CSI) and false alarm ratio (FAR). The assimilation of conventional observations with 4D-Var method improves the QPF compared to 3D-Var. In addition, the use of radar measurements in 4D-Var simulations enhances the performances of statistical scores for higher rainfall thresholds.
Hydro-Climatic Modelling of an Ungauged Basin in Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Osei Marian Amoakowaah , Amekudzi Leonard Kofitse , Wemegah David Dotse , Preko Kwasi , Gyawu Emmanuella Serwaa , Obiri-Danso Kwasi
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The 13 km2 Owabi catchment provides about 20 % of water needs of the Kumasi metropolis has in recent times been prone to high anthropogenic activities, a source of worry to water resource management. A complementary hydro-climatic study of Owabi watershed has been carried out using Soil-Water-Assessment-Tool (SWAT) with the aim of simulating the stream-flow and water balance of the watershed and to predict its future state. The QGIS interface was used to launch SWAT for QSWAT. Stream-flow output from the model was calibrated against an empirically derived stream-flow dataset for Owabi and the efficacy of the technique tested. The SUFI-2 algorithm was used for calibration and validation on both daily and monthly temporal resolutions. Water loss from the catchment was due to evapotranspiration process followed by surface runoff. The model showed better prediction and low uncertainty for both calibration and validation at the monthly than daily timescale. From 2020 to 2050 under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5), catchment water loss is expected to shift from the dominant evapotranspiraton to surface runoff. This would lead to increases in water yield and stream-flow amount. In general, the use of the SWAT model for hydrological assessment of the Owabi catchment has been successful and further studies on the assessment of water quality and pollution is currently being undertaken to provide a holistic view of water resource management at the catchment. This would aid effective decision making by water resource managers and boost water production for the Kumasi metropolis in the long-term.
Assessment of lumped hydrological balance models in peninsular Spain
Authors: Pérez-Sánchez Julio , Senent-Aparicio Javier , Segura-Méndez Francisco , Pulido-Velazquez David
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The assessment of inflows in a water resources system is essential for the appropriate analysis of its management. These inflows can be obtained from hydrological balance models. In this paper, we intend to perform a comparative study of six lumped hydrological balance models in several basins with different climatic conditions within Spain. Lumped models enable the estimation of catchment resources without using spatially distributed information that would not be available in many cases. We have selected basins where long time series of climatic and hydrological data are available (more than 30 years) to calibrate parsimonious models, taking into account the stochastic behaviour of the natural streamflow and the climatic variables. The study period comprises 34 years (1977–2010). The explored models are Témez, ABCD, GR2M, the Australian water balance model (AWBM), GUO-5 parameters (Guo-5p) and Thornthwaite-Mather. Six statistical indices are applied to compare the results of the models: Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE), root-mean-square deviation (RMSE), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R), percent bias (PBIAS), RMSE-observations standard deviation ratio (RSR) and the relative error between observed and simulated runoff volumes (REV). The results show that although lumped models can be employed in humid and sub-humid regions, the more humid the catchments are, the better the results obtained. Témez models provide the worst results in dry sub-humid and semi-arid regions. Guo-5p estimates runoff volumes with errors below 10 % despite the unsatisfactory results provided according to the Bressiani classification. The Bressiani classification takes into account different comparison criteria to help in the decision-making process when selecting a model. Nevertheless, the assessment of the margin of error in total runoff volume using REV is also a key index. The usefulness of Pearson’s correlation when selecting a model is quite low but can be helpful in the analysis of models’ weaknesses.
Review of How the West Came to Rule
Authors: Ru Sung Hee
Published: August 2017

This is a book which invites us to reconsider what we thought we knew and understood about a Europe’s rise. It examines the historical origin of Europe’s capitalism in the growing call for internationality that can explain the uneven and combined histories of European and non-European regions. This view asks us to use the lens of relational and hierarchical perspectives, which contain various types of interconnected narratives between European and non-European regions in Europe’s exceptional rise, instead of accepting the self-generating development of the West.
New Geographies of Uneven Development in Global Formation: Thinking with Chase-Dunn
Authors: Bair Jennifer , Werner Marion
Published: August 2017

N/A
A Festschrift in Honor of Christopher K. Chase-Dunn
Authors: Kentor Jeffrey
Published: August 2017

N/A
Review of Expose, Oppose, Propose: Alternative Policy Groups and the Struggle for Global Justice
Authors: Von Bulow Marisa
Published: August 2017

N/A
Discurso amoroso e identidad en la ficción audiovisual: el caso de LEX
Authors: Chierichetti Luisa
Published: August 2017

El presente artículo se basa en el análisis de los guiones completos de la serie televisiva española LEX, emitida en 2008 en la cadena televisiva Antena 3. Se analiza este corpus ficcional utilizando las herramientas informáticas de los programas AntConc 3.5.0 y Lingmotif 1.0, para situarlo en la perspectiva de la relación entre el discurso amoroso y la construcción discursiva de la identidad, conjugando los estudios de Charaudeau (2011), Maingueneau (en línea) y Amossy (2010) con la perspectiva sociológica de Giddens (1998 [1992]).
Retórica intercultural: uso de los conectores aditivos en las noticias de accidentes de tráfico en los diarios españoles y argentinos
Authors: Deza Blanco Pablo
Published: August 2017

Una revisión a la bibliografía muestra la abundancia de estudios de Retórica Intercultural realizados desde la aparición del artículo germinal de la disciplina (Kaplan, 1966). Muchas de estas investigaciones comparan distintos aspectos de los más diversos géneros entre inglés y otras lenguas, entre ellas el español, aunque pocos entre el español con respecto a otras lenguas. No obstante, la mayoría de estos trabajos asume que los resultados de la variante lingüística de los textos analizados, por ejemplo, el español peninsular, pueden extrapolarse sin más al resto de las variedades lingüísticas del español. Sin embargo, resulta difícil sostener que comunidades del discurso de lenguas habladas en varios países redacten un mismo género de manera idéntica. Este cuestionamiento ha dado lugar a investigaciones que comparan un mismo género entre comunidades del discurso con diferentes variantes lingüísticas, es decir, una Retórica Intracultural. No obstante, estos son escasos -en el ámbito hispano, tan solo Pak y Acevedo (2008)-.El presente estudio pretende continuar esta senda, analizando el uso de conectores aditivos en noticias de accidentes de tráfico en periódicos españoles y argentinos, mostrando sus concomitancias y divergencias.
SOME REMARKS ON PERRY’S REFLEXIVE CONTENT AND COGNITIVE SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: Martone Filipe
Published: August 2017

Neste artigo, apresento e discuto a solução oferecida por John Perry para o Problema de Frege em termos do conteúdo reflexivo de elocuções. Em primeiro lugar, discuto sua solução para a versão indexical do Problema de Frege, e argumento que o conteúdo reflexivo não pode explicar a trivialidade de certas e locuções. Se isso está correto, então o conteúdo reflexivo não é o tipo de coisa que explica adequadamente o valor cognitivo. Depois, discuto a solução de Perry para o Problema de Frege envolvendo nomes próprios. Argumento que, mesmo que esse conteúdo explique o valor cognitivo, ele não o faz em termos do significado das expressões, como Perry pretendia originalmente.
O absenteísmo e suas implicações para o cuidado de enfermagem em serviços de emergência
Authors: Pinto Ione Carvalho , Figueira Brisa Polyana Gonçalves , Ferro Denise , Zacharias Fabiana Costa Machado , Gomide Mariana Figueiredo Souza , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre
Published: August 2017

O estudo buscou identificar a frequência do absenteísmo entre a equipe de enfermagem e seus determinantes em serviços de emergência em saúde. Estudo transversal, realizado por meio de dados secundários dos registros da Coordenação de Recursos Humanos. Identificou-se ocorrências de 208 profissionais de enfermagem, sendo realizada análise univariada, com cálculo de frequência das variáveis idade, sexo, categoria profissional, local de trabalho, dias e motivos do absenteísmo, na sequência, aplicou-se o teste exato de Fisher, fixando-se erro tipo I em 5%. A média de idade dos participantes foi de 47,2 anos, sendo predominante o sexo feminino (79,8%). Houve 5.778 ocorrências de absenteísmos (média de 28 por profissional), sendo a doença o principal determinante do absenteísmo (2.671 ocorrências; 46,2%). O absenteísmo de curto prazo foi predominante (3.020 ocorrências; 52,3%). Os achados observados nos serviços de emergência são semelhantes, tendo potencial impacto no planejamento, na força de trabalho e qualidade do cuidado prestado.
Using simplified geometric models in skill-based manipulation for objects used in daily life
Authors: Nakamura Akira , Nagata Kazuyuki , Harada Kensuke , Yamanobe Natsuki
Published: August 2017

Recently many types of robots have been playing an active part in various fields. The operation of these robots’ manipulators is an important subject of research. The tasks of manipulation can be regarded as sequences of several motion primitives called “skills”. Skills also have ability to compensate for errors both in modeling and in execution. Data may occur in the elements of the shapes, positions and orientations of objects that can be dispensed with to make geometric models simpler. In order to achieve tasks with high reliability, this paper proposes simplified geometric models based on skill techniques not only for industrial products but also for objects used in the daily life of humans. As examples of simplified geometric models of objects used in daily life, simplified models in a transfer task of plastic bottles and in a transfer task of a cup are explained.
Benchmarking quality for renal cancer surgery: Canadian Kidney Cancer information system (CKCis) perspective
Authors: Lawson Keith A. , Saarela Olli , Liu Zhihui , Lavallée Luke T. , Breau Rodney H. , Wood Lori , Jewett Michael A.S. , Kapoor Anil , Tanguay Simon , Moore Ronald B. , Rendon Ricardo , Pouliot Frederic , Black Peter C. , Kawakami Jun , Drachenberg Darrel , Finelli Antonio
Published: August 2017

Introduction: There is a lack of validated quality metrics to evaluate the care of patients receiving surgery for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). To address this, the Kidney Cancer Research Network of Canada defined a list of quality indicators (QI) to assess hospital-level performance. We have case-mix adjusted these QIs to benchmark RCC surgical care at Canadian academic centres.Methods: The Canadian Kidney Cancer information system (CKCis) was used to measure six QIs: laparoscopic approach proportion (LA), partial nephrectomy proportion (PN), partial nephrectomy in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKDPN), positive margin rate (PMR), partial nephrectomy complication rate (PNCx), and warm ischemia time (WIT). To benchmark performance, indirectstandardization (observed-to-expected ratio) methodology was employed using multivariate regression models.Results: Multivariate models for LA, PN, and CKDPN demonstrate good discrimination and were used for benchmarking. National averages of 74% (70‒78%), 73% (70‒75%), and 70% (67‒74%) for the LA, PN, and CKDPN QIs, respectively, were determined and used to benchmark individual hospital performance. Overall, three (23%), two (15%), and two (15%) hospitals performed below expected for LA, PN, and CKDPN, respectively. Hospital identity was an independent predictor of LA, PN, and CKDPN (p<0.001).Conclusions: Significant variability between CKCis hospitals for three RCC surgical QIs exists. Using the CKCis infrastructure may provide a framework for institution-level audit feedback for quality improvement. Greater CKCis capture rates and further data supporting the construct validity of these QIs are required to extend the use of this dataset to real-world quality initiatives.
Hva får vi vite fra PISA 2006?
Authors: Kjærnsli Marit
Published: August 2017

En ny runde av PISA som måler 15-åringers kompetanser i lesing, matematikk og naturfag, ble gjennomført våren 2006. Resultatene for undersøkelsen vil bli offentliggjort i desember 2007. Denne artikkelen gjør rede for hvilke type data man får, rammeverkene som ligger til grunn for undersøkelsen, og på hvilke områder det er mulig å måle utvikling over tid. Det er lagt vekt på å diskutere hvordan spørsmål fra elevspørreskjemaet er utviklet fra både teori og empiri, og hvordan resultatene vil bli rapportert. Spesielt belyses målinger av elevenes holdninger i og til naturfag.
Minoritetsspråklige elevers skoleprestasjoner: Hva sier empirisk forskning?
Authors: Rydland Veslemøy
Published: August 2017

I en kort litteraturgjennomgang fokuserer denne artikkelen på hvilke faktorer som ser ut til å ha betydning for minoritetsspråklige elevers skoleprestasjoner. Med utgangspunkt i norsk og internasjonal forskning vil tre temaer bli vektlagt; 1) hvordan sosioøkonomisk status og det å være minoritet i et nytt land er vevet inn i sammenhenger mellom elevenes språklige og kulturelle bakgrunn på den ene siden og skoleprestasjoner på den andre siden; 2) hva vi vet om betydningen av elevenes kunnskaper på første- og andrespråket for deres skoleprestasjoner; og 3) om graden av kontinuitet eller diskontinuitet i elevenes erfaringer i hjem og skole kan bidra til å forklare forskjeller i skoleprestasjoner. Til slutt diskuteres ulike opplæringsmodeller. Studiene strekker seg fra førskolealderen til videregående skole.
Didaktikk – fagdidaktikk, anstrengte eller fruktbare forhold?
Authors: Gundem Bjørg Brandtzæg
Published: August 2017

Artikkelen presenterer ulike definisjoner av didaktikk i spenningsfeltet mellom pedagogikk og fagdidaktikk, og tar for seg hver av disiplinene ut fra ulike perspektiv, et historisk så vel som et aktuelt skolepolitisk perspektiv og et teoretisk/faglig så vel som et praktisk perspektiv. Definisjonene illustrerer de mange tilnærminger til feltet som eksisterer nasjonalt og internasjonalt, og hvordan forståelsen av begrepet har utviklet seg over tid. Først og fremst defineres didaktikk som teori, men også som teori og praksis knyttet til undervisning og læring, og som fagdidaktikk med teori og praksis knyttet til undervisning og læring i det enkelte fag. Enkelt sagt dreier didaktikken seg om hva som skal undervises og læres, hvordan det skal undervises og læres, og i hvilken hensikt eller hvorfor noe skal undervises og læres. I fagdidaktikken er didaktikk knyttet til et bestemt fag eller fagområde. Det er her den didaktiske teoriens relevans for praksis prøves, og den faglige kompetansen blir på en måte en forutsetning for å virkeliggjøre didaktisk kompetanse. Relatert til forholdet mellom pedagogikk og allmenndidaktikk er spørsmålet om en vid eller snever forståelse av didaktikk. Det er i skjæringspunktet mellom pedagogisk teori og fagvitenskap, mellom allmenn didaktisk teori og opplæringsvirkeligheten, at fagdidaktiske overveielser finner sted.
Young language learner (YLL) research: An overview of some international and national approaches
Authors: Drew Ion , Hasselgreen Angela
Published: August 2017

Growing attention is being given to young language learners (YLL), following a global trend to introduce foreign languages at earlier stages of the curriculum. This article provides an overview of some recent international YLL research and follows this up by comparing it to current YLL research in Norway. A YLL research network has recently been established in Norway in order to share and promote research in the field. Eight Norwegian YLL research projects, involving both English and other foreign languages, are presented. The scope of this research in Norway is compared with international research being conducted in the field. Although the Norwegian YLL research is active in certain areas, such as starting age of second foreign languages, teachers’ practices and attitudes, the use of extensive reading, vocabulary and the analysis of written texts, there appear to be gaps in other areas. These include research into the effects of story-telling and drama in the classroom, processes in writing, pupils’ cognitive skills, the use of textbooks and the effect of the curriculum. The establishment of a YLL network is considered as an important step in both consolidating current YLL research in Norway and initiating new research projects.
Teknologi og forskningslære i videregående skole: Hvem er lærerne og hvordan former de faget?
Authors: Bungum Berit
Published: August 2017

Teknologi og forskningslære er et nytt og mangfoldig programfag i videregående skole. Denne artikkelen presenterer en undersøkelse av lærerne i dette faget: hva slags bakgrunn de har, hva de ser som sine styrker og utfordringer i å undervise faget, og hvordan de med utgangspunkt i sin kompetanse realiserer ideene bak læreplanen. Undersøkelsen er utført som en skriftlig spørreundersøkelse med utdypende intervjuer med utvalgte lærere. Resultatene viser at lærerne som har deltatt i undersøkelsen samlet sett er en svært kompetent gruppe, men at de i stor grad framtrer som enten "teknolog" eller "forsker" i hva de ser som sine styrker og utfordringer i faget. Videre beskrives hvordan to lærere, som representerer arketyper av lærere i disse to gruppene, tolker læreplanen ulikt i lys av sin egen kompetanse, og hvordan de på ulike måter realiserer innholdet i Teknologi og forskningslære som fag ved sine skoler.
Lærer- og elevmangfold i det livstolkingsplurale norske klasserommet – utfordringer og muligheter for lærerutdanningen
Authors: Lied Sidsel
Published: August 2017

Med denne artikkelen ønsker jeg å gi et bidrag til diskusjonen om hvordan lærerutdanningen kan møte utfordringene fra et økt kulturelt mangfold i samfunnet. Siden mitt forsknings- og interessefelt er knyttet til mangfoldet på feltet livstolking, er artikkelens forskningsspørsmål og overordnede problemstilling: Hvordan kan lærerutdanningen møte de utfordringer og muligheter som det livstolkingsplurale norske klasserommet representerer? Delspørsmål jeg utforsker for å svare på dette, er: Hvordan kommer en livstolkingsplural virkelighet til uttrykk i grunnskolens og lærerutdanningens religions- og livssynsfag? Og: Hvordan kan lærerstudenters medvirkning i forskning bidra til å øke deres forståelse for de kravene det livstolkingsplurale norske klasserommet stiller til sine lærere?
De empiriske prosjektene som inngår i arbeidet med å besvare forskningsspørsmålene, er utført i norsk offentlig grunnskole og allmenlærerutdanning. Det er naturlig å holde disse prosjektene sammen fordi all norsk lærerutdanning kvalifiserer sine studenter til å arbeide i grunnskolen. Ved å se på hvordan en livstolkingsplural virkelighet kommer til uttrykk i grunnskolens religions- og livssynsfag, vil en følgelig kunne si noe om hvordan deler av den skolehverdagen som norsk lærerutdanning kvalifiserer sine studenter for, ser ut. Dessuten vil en, ved å utforske hvordan en livstolkingsplural virkelighet kommer til uttrykk i lærerutdanningen, kunne si noe om hvordan utdanningen forventes å forberede sine studenter for denne yrkesutfordringen.
Arbeidsformer i faglærerutdanningen i formgiving kunst og håndverk – en introduserende og kvantitativ studie av studentenes erfaringer
Authors: Gulliksen Marte Sørebø , Hjardemaal Finn
Published: August 2017

Denne artikkelen presenterer fase 1 i et større fagdidaktisk forskningsprosjekt om arbeidsformer og innhold i faglærerutdanningen i formgiving, kunst og håndverk. Artikkelen har som mål både å introdusere problematikken på et mer gjennomgripende nivå, og å utforske kvantitativt studentbesvarelser innhentet i forbindelse med StudDataundersøkelsen. Problemstillingene er ”Hvilke arbeidsformer er representert i planverket for faglærerutdanningen i formgiving, kunst og håndverk?” og ”Hvilke arbeidsformer er empirisk sett tilstede i institusjonens studium i følge studentenes vurderinger slik det kan leses ut av deres responser i StudDataundersøkelsen?”. Analysene av materialet tyder på at fagplanene ser ut til å ha en vektlegging på studentenes individuelle kompetansebygging og et fokus på individuelle arbeidsformer. I utdanningen, derimot, står arbeidsformer som har et hovedfokus på det kollektive, sterkere, slik studentene rapporterer at de opplever det.
Spesialundervisning i videregående opplæring fra Reform 94 til Kunnskapsløftet
Authors: Markussen Eifred
Published: August 2017

Artikkelen drøfter praktisering og resultater av spesialundervisning i videregående opplæring i Norge med hovedfokus på tiden fra innføringen av Reform 94 til like etter innføringen av Kunnskapsløftet. Artikkelen drøfter forholdet mellom segregerte og inkluderende løsninger, men uten å ha som ambisjon å svare på spørsmålet om hva som er best. Det vises at selv om inkludering som prinsipp har bred politisk oppslutning, foregår det fortsatt omfattende bruk av segregerende tiltak i spesialundervisningen. Kvantitativ forskning i perioden 1994-2009 viser at elevene oppnår best faglige resultater når de får spesialundervisning i inkluderende løsninger, og at elever som får spesialundervisning i egne klasser med redusert elevtall i gjennomsnitt oppnår de svakeste faglige resultatene. Kvalitativ forskning modererer disse funnene, og viser at det også er mulig å oppnå gode resultater innenfor segregerte løsninger. Dette skjer særlig når to forutsetninger er tilstede, at skolens ledelse og personale har et gjennomtenkt og bevisst forhold til sin pedagogikk, og når ungdommene får tett oppfølging.
Historiefaget i Kunnskapsløftet: Dyktiggjøre og bevisstgjøre
Authors: Skram Harald Frode
Published: August 2017

Med Kunnskapsløftet (K06) kom nye læreplaner for historiefaget i Norge. Strukturen og rammene for historiefaget har ført til vesentlige endringer i forhold til tidligere læreplaner. Likevel er det innholdet i faget som har gjennomgått de mest radikale forandringene. I denne artikkel drøftes tre nye trekk i faginnholdet; multiperspektivitet, historiebevissthet og historiebruk, og et viktig strukturelt grep som forsterker disse: En klar progresjon i ferdighetsutviklingen. En mulig implikasjon er at historiefaget vil framtre for elevene med flere dimensjoner og kanskje skape større interesse og forståelse. Likevel er det indikasjoner i nye læreplaner om at historiefaget i Kunnskapsløftet kan bidra til å øke kravene til undervisningen.
’Det var ikke særlig slemt at læse den’. En empirisk undersøgelse af romanen i klasserummet
Authors: Skriver Svend
Published: August 2017

Hvorfor er det krævende at undervise i romaner? Artiklen besvarer spørgsmålet med udgangspunkt i en observation af en nordsjællandsk gymnasielærers undervisning af en 2.g. biotek-klasse i H.C. Andersens roman Lykke-Peer (1870/- 1984). I fire analytiske nedslag undersøges det specifikt, hvordan undervisningsgenstanden (i form af såkaldte genrevariabler) påvirker undervisningen, herunder lærerens didaktiske prioriteringer samt elevernes reaktioner på genstanden og lærerens udspil. Det litteraturdidaktiske case-studie er gennemført som en fokuseret observation (Hopkins 2009, s. 88-89) på baggrund af en åben pilot-observation af et tilsvarende undervisningsforløb og et teoretisk forarbejde (Skriver 2010). Et af de centrale resultater af undersøgelsen er den analytiske tydeliggørelse af, at genrevariablen den komplekse fortælling, nærmere bestemt afdækningen af fortællertypen, skaber de mest markante didaktiske udfordringer for læreren. På den baggrund forekommer det relevant at videreudvikle de didaktiske genveje og løsningsforslag i relation til fortæller-problematikken, som er fremlagt i en foreløbig form i Skriver (2010).
Mundtlig fortolkning - kreativ praksis i litteratur- og sprogundervisning
Authors: Høegh Tina
Published: August 2017

Artiklen forklarer den teoretiske baggrund og viser eksperiment og resultater fra udviklingen af en ny didaktik for sprog- og litteraturunderundervisning på ungdoms- og voksenniveau. Ved en klasses fælles studier af mundtlige fremførelser af en tekst og efterfølgende respons og diskussion aktiveres almene kropslige og kommunikative kompetencer – ved kreativ formning af lydens mening forhandler man tekstens tolkninger og muligheder. Det kræver ritualiseret respons, vejledning og lytteundervisning. Undervisningseksperiment på ungdomsuddannelser og mikro-analyse og en Bachtin-inspireret sprogbrugsanalyse af video- og lyddata af helklassedialogen herfra udgør materiale og analysemetode for artiklens forslag til sprog- og litteraturstudier med flere formål: 1) At fremme elevernes sproglige metabevidsthed og litterære kompetence, især styrkes studiet af fortællerstemme og -synsvinkel. 2) At give underviseren redskab til at forme udforskende helklassedialog, kreativ problembaseret undervisning på fagligt højt niveau. 3) Et pædagogisk biprodukt viste sig endvidere at være skabelse af en undervisningspraksis for studier af kulturel egenart, en øget opmærksomhed for fællesskabet og elevernes forskellighed i den objektiverede identitet.
Learning to teach at the boundaries between university courses and internships [VISIONS 2011: Teacher Education]
Authors: Jahreie Cecilie Flo
Published: August 2017

The theory-practice gap is a recurring problem in teacher education. This article is concerned with how student teachers learn to teach at the boundaries between university courses and internships. I investigate how participants create meaning around scientific concepts, and how they respond to the institutional context they act in, thereby making it relevant. These questions are addressed by employing the Cultural-Historical Activity theory. The study took place at the Department for Teacher Education and School Research at the University of Oslo. The data are based on extensive observations in various settings at the university and schools offering internships. Interaction analysis is used to analyze participation in different settings. The analysis shows that the students encounter divergent structures and discourses in the course of their learning trajectories. What counts as knowledge differs between universities and schools, and within the university. In teacher-led situations, student teachers are positioned in relation to the teachers and mentors, with few opportunities for knowledge construction. The study also shows instances where the student teachers explore and elaborate upon knowledge in new ways, such as in group collaborations. From the perspective of the student, it seems reasonable to argue that the contradictions within and between the activity systems serve as constraints on learning. However, to create coherent programs, concepts and ideas about teaching and learning have to be shared by Departments of Teacher Education DTEs and partner schools.
Multiple perspectives on students’ scientific communication & reasoning in chemistry education [VISIONS 2011: Teaching]
Authors: Walpuski Maik , Tepner Oliver , Sumfleth Elke , Dollny Sabrina , Hostenbach Julia , Pollender Tobias
Published: August 2017

Both students and teachers need different competences for scientific reasoning. Apart from the required content knowledge and the ability of using it adequately, both groups need elaborated knowledge of strategies for decision-making and argumentation. These competences concerning decision-making are highly dependent on how frequently students are given the chance to argue in science classes. This article pools the results of three different research projects in chemistry education which focus on these three aspects: Students’ competences, the classroom situation with regard to communication and reasoning and teachers’ competences. Students’ skills needed for discussing chemistry content and for decision-making in scientific contexts are analyzed first. Following this, the opportunities for improving these skills during science lessons are researched and related to results from a study of teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) in this domain. The analysis of students’ and teachers’ communication skills is conducted in two different ways which are paper-pencil tests and video analysis.

Paper-pencil tests are used to assess students’ performance in reasoning. The test items deal with chemistry-specific situations, including opportunities for decision-making, which are typical of socio-scientific issues (study 1). The study shows that students’ decision-making skills are poor when the topics deal with scientific contexts, but that students perform better when dealing with everyday-life contexts. One reason might be the lack of reasoning in chemistry lessons, as shown by a video study conducted in chemistry classes. Students’ and teachers’ in-class behavior and communication patterns are analyzed with regard to students’ and teachers’ contributions (study 2). The amount and the quality of students’ and teachers’ statements as well as the interactions, especially teachers’ reactions to students’ statements are investigated. Teachers’ way of negotiating and guiding classroom discussions should depend on their PCK in this specific field. Due to a lack of studies on correlations between teachers’ PCK and classroom activities, the third study focuses on the development of adequate tests on PCK. Tests on content knowledge (CK) are developed in addition to prove the expected correlations between PCK and CK (Baumert & Kunter, 2006).