bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations between Smoking Status and Health-Related Physical Fitness and Balance Ability among Older Males in Taiwan
Authors: Hung Yi-Chuan , Lee Po-Fu , Lin Chi-Fang , Su Yan-Jhu , Hsieh Jenn-Woei , Lin Yu-Ju , Ho Chien-Chang , Chen Yun-Tsung
Published: July 2023

The primary aim of this study was to examine the relationships between smoking status and health-related physical fitness and balance ability in older males residing in Taiwan. This investigation adopted a cross-sectional design, utilizing data from 7688 older males who took part in the 2014–2015 wave of the National Physical Fitness Survey of Taiwan. Various data sources, including a standardized structured questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, health-related physical fitness assessments, and balance ability tests, were analyzed. The participants were divided into three categories based on their smoking habits: never smokers, former smokers, and current smokers. Multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate the linear association between cigarette smoking status and health-related physical fitness and balance ability performance. Health-related physical fitness and balance performance were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the never smoker group than in the current smoker group. Current smoking status was significantly negatively (p < 0.05) associated with cardiopulmonary function, muscular endurance, flexibility, and balance performance. A history of smoking (former smoker) was significantly negatively (p < 0.05) associated with the 2-min step test, 30-s arm curl and chair stand, as well as the 8-foot up-and-go test; however, the association was not significant for the back scratch, chair sit-and-reach, and one-leg stance with eyes open performance. These results suggest that current cigarette smoking is detrimental to health-related physical fitness and balance performance in older males. Quitting smoking may reverse the effects of smoking on overall body flexibility and static balance performance in Taiwanese older adults, thereby reducing the risk of falls and incapacity.
SIRT1/Nrf2/NF-κB Signaling Mediates Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Activities of Oleanolic Acid in a Mouse Model of Acute Hepatorenal Damage
Authors: Alqrad Manea A. I. , El-Agamy Dina S. , Ibrahim Sabrin R. M. , Sirwi Alaa , Abdallah Hossam M. , Abdel-Sattar Essam , El-Halawany Ali M. , Elsaed Wael M. , Mohamed Gamal A.
Published: July 2023

Background and objectives: Oleanolic acid (OA) is a penta-cyclic triterpene with diverse bioactivities such as anticarcinogenic, antiviral, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, hypolipidemic, and gastroprotective. However, its effects on hepatorenal damage remain unclear. The protective activity of OA, separated from Viscum schimperi (Loranthaceae), against TAA (thioacetamide)-produced acute hepatic and renal damage was explored. Materials and Methods: Mice were treated with OA for 7 days before TAA (200 mg/kg, i.p.). Serum indices of hepatorenal injury, pathological lesions, molecular biological indexes, and inflammatory/apoptotic genes were estimated. Results: The tissues of both organs were greatly affected by the TAA injection. That was evident through increased serum markers of hepato-renal injury as well as remarkable histopathological lesions. TAA-induced injury was associated with oxidative and inflammatory responses in both organs as there was an elevation of oxidative stress parameters (4-HNE (4-hydroxy-nonenal), MDA (malondialdehyde), NOx (nitric oxide)), decline of antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)), and an increase in the gene expression/level of inflammatory mediators (interleukins (1β&6)). The inflammatory response was linked to a significant activation of NF-κB (nuclear-factor kappa-B)/TNF-α (tumor-necrosis factor-alpha) signaling. The inflammatory response in both organs was accompanied by apoptotic changes, including a rise in the gene expression and level of apoptotic parameters (caspase-3 and Bax) along with a decline in Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic parameter) gene expression and level. These pathogenic events were found to be closely related to the suppression of the antioxidant signaling pathway, Nrf2 (nuclear-factor erythroid 2–related factor-2)/SIRT1 (sirtuin-1)/HO-1 (heme-oxygenase 1). On the other hand, OA significantly ameliorated TAA-induced injury in both organs. On the other hand, OA counterpoised the inflammatory response as it ameliorated NF-κB/TNF-α signaling and cytokine release. OA enhanced Nrf2/SIRT1/HO-1 signaling and counteracted apoptotic damage. Conclusions: OA showed anti-inflammation and antiapoptotic capacities that effectively suppressed TAA-induced acute hepatorenal damage.
Experimental Evaluation of the Process Performance of MF and UF Membranes for the Removal of Nanoplastics
Authors: Molina Serena , Ocaña-Biedma Helena , Rodríguez-Sáez Laura , Landaburu-Aguirre Junkal
Published: July 2023

Despite the high removal ability of the wastewater treatment technologies, research efforts have been limited to the relatively large-sized microplastics, leaving nanoplastics outside the studied size spectrum. This study aims to evaluate the process performance of MF and UF membranes for the removal of single and mixed solutions of polystyrene nanospheres (120 and 500 nm) and BSA. The process performance was evaluated in terms of the rejection coefficient, the normalized flux, and the permeability recovery. The fouling mechanism of these pollutants was studied, evaluating the effect of different membrane materials, membrane pore sizes, and nanoplastic sizes, as well as the synergetic effect of the mixture of foulants. This study was complemented by surface membrane characterization. Polystyrene nanospheres were successfully removed with all the membranes studied, except for the MF membrane that obtained PS 120 nm rejection coefficients of 26%. Single nanoplastic particles were deposited in UF membranes creating a pore blocking and cake layer formation, whilst the nanoplastics of 120 nm were accumulated inside the MF membrane creating an internal pore blocking. In mixed solutions, the BSA acted in two different ways: (i) as a stabilizer, hindering the deposition of nanoplastics and (ii) as a main foulant that caused a substantial flux reduction.
Numerical Simulation of Solidification Processes
Authors: Eshraghi Mohsen
Published: July 2023

Solidification is a critical step for many manufacturing processes, including casting, welding, and additive manufacturing [...]
Structure Refinement and Bauschinger Effect in fcc and hcp Metals
Authors: Stolyarov Vladimir V.
Published: July 2023

Although the Bauschinger effect has been investigated in some detail in various materials, the number of articles on the effect of grain size is extremely limited, and in current nanostructured materials it is practically absent. Since such materials are considered as promising for structural applications, it is important to understand their mechanical behavior under conditions of changing the direction of deformation, and, therefore, it is necessary to study the Bauschinger effect and its dependence on grain size. The Bauschinger effect was investigated by a single exemplary method for tensile compression of commercially pure hcp titanium and fcc copper, with different grain sizes in the range from hundreds of microns to hundreds of nanometers. The change in grain size was performed by structure refinement by the method of severe plastic deformation using equal-channel angular pressing and subsequent annealing. It has been established that, in both materials, the Bauschinger effect increases with a decrease in grain size, the degree of permanent strain and the duration of exposure between forward and reverse deformation. The signs of the Bauschinger parameter in copper and titanium are opposite. The relationship between the Bauschinger effect and the nature of strain hardening in titanium and softening in copper in the ultrafine-grained state is discussed.
Use of Sn60Pb40 Solder in Resistance Element Soldering Technology
Authors: Sejč Pavol , Vanko Branislav , Schrek Alexander , Gábrišová Zuzana
Published: July 2023

This work presents a new technology for joining dissimilar materials, Resistance Element Soldering (RES). This technology is fundamentally based on Resistance Element Welding (REW) technology; the difference is that the presented RES uses a bimetallic element composed of a hard Cu shell and a core made of Sn60Pb40 solder. The RES technology using the Cu/Sn60Pb40 bimetallic element was tested when joining a galvanized steel sheet (HX220BD-100MBO) to a thermoplastic (PMMA). The effect of the process parameters on the volume of the melted solder, the deformation of the element, and the structure of the soldered joint was investigated on the joints made. The final criterion for assessing the influence of the process parameters was the joint strength. Due to the low strength of PPMA, the maximum joint strength was determined on RES joints of galvanized steel sheet and aluminum. The results showed that, to ensure the joint strength at the level of the strength of the Sn60Pb40 solder used, a heat input of 952 J and a clamping force of 623 N are required. The mentioned parameters ensure the necessary conditions for the creation of a soldered joint with a galvanized steel sheet as well as the deformation of the bimetallic element to create a form-fit effect in the opening of the PMMA to create a mechanical connection.
Experimental Research of Triple Inertial Navigation System Shearer Positioning
Authors: Lu Cheng , Wang Shibo , Shin Kyoosik , Dong Wenbin , Li Wenqi
Published: July 2023

In order to improve the positioning accuracy of shearers, the overground experimental device based on the positioning model of TINS (Triple Inertial Navigation System) was built. The influence of TINS installation parameters on positioning accuracy was discussed through two sets of experiments: the inter-INS (Inertial Navigation System) distances influence experiments and the tri-INS plane spatial position influence experiments. The results show that the positioning accuracy of the shearer is improved to a different extent under the two sets of experimental conditions. When the inter-INS distances are 0.2 m, the positioning accuracy is the highest and the positioning accuracy improvement effect is also the best. When the negative plane α3 is 45°, the positioning accuracy is the highest, and the positioning accuracy improvement effect is also the best. The analysis shows that the main factor affecting the positioning accuracy is the precision of the evaluated values outputs of TINS from EKF (Extended Kalman Filter). Considering the positioning accuracy, equipment installation convenience and so on, the optimum installation parameters are 90° (horizontal installation) α3 for the positive plane and 0.2 m inter-INS distances.
Strong Evidence of the Role of Donkeys in the Epidemiology of Leptospira spp. in Semiarid Conditions
Authors: de Andrade Morais Davidianne , Nunes Bruno Cesar , Soares Rafael Rodrigues , de Oliveira Murilo Duarte , da Costa Diego Figueiredo , de Araújo Hosaneide Gomes , Júnior João Pessoa Araújo , Malossi Camila Dantas , Silva Maria Luana Cristiny Rodrigues , de Azevedo Sérgio Santos , Alves Clebert José
Published: July 2023

Donkeys (Equus asinus) are historically known for their close relationship to humanity, which raises the need to study zoonotic diseases that affect them. In this perspective, leptospirosis stands out as a disease with an economic and public health impact, and its occurrence is facilitated in times of higher rainfall indexes, especially in large urban centers. In view of the scarcity of information about leptospirosis in donkeys, the objective of this study was to detect the presence of Leptospira spp. and anti-leptospiral antibodies in donkeys rescued by a zoonosis center located in the Caatiga biome, Brazilian semiarid region. Overall, 30 donkeys of both sexes, aged between 4 months and 15 years, were used, from which 64 serum samples were collected and submitted to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). In addition, 64 samples of urine, vaginal and preputial fluid, in duplicates, were subjected to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microbiological. Sixteen (53.3%) animals tested positive in at least one diagnostic test, 12 (40%) of which were positive at MAT and seven (23.3%) in the molecular and bacteriological detection (urine, vaginal, and preputial fluid samples). This is the first report identifying donkeys infected with Leptospira spp. by molecular and bacteriological diagnosis in Brazil, and the first in the world to detect this agent in their genital fluids. The study also shows that donkeys are commonly exposed to leptospires in the Caatinga biome, and this constitutes a One Health-based concern, demonstrating the importance of broad studies where large numbers of humans and animals coexist when investigating zoonotic infections and when planning and implementing control measures for donkeys-associated leptospirosis.
Enhancing 1,3-Propanediol Productivity in the Non-Model Chassis Clostridium beijerinckii through Genetic Manipulation
Authors: Bortolucci Jonatã , Guazzaroni María-Eugenia , Schoch Teresa , Dürre Peter , Reginatto Valeria
Published: July 2023

Biotechnological processes at biorefineries are considered one of the most attractive alternatives for valorizing biomasses by converting them into bioproducts, biofuels, and bioenergy. For example, biodiesel can be obtained from oils and grease but generates glycerol as a byproduct. Glycerol recycling has been studied in several bioprocesses, with one of them being its conversion to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) by Clostridium. Clostridium beijerinckii is particularly interesting because it can produce a range of industrially relevant chemicals, including solvents and organic acids, and it is non-pathogenic. However, while Clostridium species have many potential advantages as chassis for synthetic biology applications, there are significant limitations when considering their use, such as their limited genetic tools, slow growth rate, and oxygen sensitivity. In this work, we carried out the overexpression of the genes involved in the synthesis of 1,3-PDO in C. beijerinckii Br21, which allowed us to increase the 1,3-PDO productivity in this strain. Thus, this study contributed to a better understanding of the metabolic pathways of glycerol conversion to 1,3-PDO by a C. beijerinckii isolate. Also, it made it possible to establish a transformation method of a modular vector in this strain, therefore expanding the limited genetic tools available for this bacterium, which is highly relevant in biotechnological applications.
Semiempirical Two-Dimensional Model of the Bipolar Resistive Switching Process in Si-NCs/SiO2 Multilayers
Authors: Ramirez-Rios Juan , González-Flores Karla Esther , Avilés-Bravo José Juan , Pérez-García Sergio Alfonso , Flores-Méndez Javier , Moreno-Moreno Mario , Morales-Sánchez Alfredo
Published: July 2023

In this work, the SET and RESET processes of bipolar resistive switching memories with silicon nanocrystals (Si-NCs) embedded in an oxide matrix is simulated by a stochastic model. This model is based on the estimation of two-dimensional oxygen vacancy configurations and their relationship with the resistive state. The simulation data are compared with the experimental current-voltage data of Si-NCs/SiO2 multilayer-based memristor devices. Devices with 1 and 3 Si-NCs/SiO2 bilayers were analyzed. The Si-NCs are assumed as agglomerates of fixed oxygen vacancies, which promote the formation of conductive filaments (CFs) through the multilayer according to the simulations. In fact, an intermediate resistive state was observed in the forming process (experimental and simulated) of the 3-BL device, which is explained by the preferential generation of oxygen vacancies in the sites that form the complete CFs, through Si-NCs.
A Strategy for Tuning the Structure, Morphology, and Magnetic Properties of MnFe2O4/SiO2 Ceramic Nanocomposites via Mono-, Di-, and Trivalent Metal Ion Doping and Annealing
Authors: Dippong Thomas , Levei Erika Andrea , Petean Ioan , Deac Iosif Grigore , Cadar Oana
Published: July 2023

This work presents the effect of monovalent (Ag+, Na+), divalent (Ca2+, Cd2+), and trivalent (La3+) metal ion doping and annealing temperature (500, 800, and 1200 °C) on the structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of MnFe2O4/SiO2 ceramic nanocomposites synthesized via sol–gel method. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the embedding of undoped and doped MnFe2O4 nanoparticles in the SiO2 matrix at all annealing temperatures. In all cases, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the formation of MnFe2O4. In the case of undoped, di-, and trivalent metal-ion-doped gels annealed at 1200 °C, three crystalline phases (cristobalite, quartz, and tridymite) belonging to the SiO2 matrix are observed. Doping with mono- and trivalent ions enhances the nanocomposite’s structure by forming single-phase MnFe2O4 at low annealing temperatures (500 and 800 °C), while doping with divalent ions and high annealing temperature (1200 °C) results in additional crystalline phases. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals spherical ferrite particles coated by an amorphous layer. The AFM images showed spherical particles formed due to the thermal treatment. The structural parameters calculated by XRD (crystallite size, crystallinity, lattice constant, unit cell volume, hopping length, density, and porosity) and AFM (particle size, powder surface area, and thickness of coating layer), as well as the magnetic parameters (saturation magnetization, remanent magnetization, coercivity, and anisotropy constant), are contingent on the doping ion and annealing temperature. By doping, the saturation magnetization and magnetocrystalline anisotropy decrease for gels annealed at 800 °C, but increase for gels annealed at 1200 °C, while the remanent magnetization and coercivity decrease by doping at both annealing temperatures (800 and 1200 °C).
Plasmon Hybridizations in Compound Nanorod–Nanohole Arrays
Authors: Razavi Shahab , Zhao Yiping
Published: July 2023

This study shows that a hybridized plasmonic mode, represented by an additional transmission peak, in a compound structure consisting of a nanorod embedded in a nanohole can be effectively described as a quasi-dipole oscillator. When two nanorods are introduced into a nanohole, these two quasi-dipoles can couple and hybridize, giving rise to two additional transmission peaks in the enhanced optical transmission spectrum. The relative intensities of these peaks can be controlled by adjusting the incident polarization, while their separations can be tuned by modifying the length of the nanorods. The concept of quasi-dipoles in compound nanohole structures can be further extended to predict the coupling behavior of even more complex compound configurations, such as multiple nanorods within nanoholes, resulting in the generation of multiple hybridization states. Consequently, the shape and response of the transmission peaks can be precisely engineered. This strategy could be used to design nanohole-based metasurfaces for applications such as ultra-thin optical filters, waveplates, polarizers, etc.
Effect of n- and p-Doping on Vacancy Formation in Cationic and Anionic Sublattices of (In,Al)As/AlAs and Al(Sb,As)/AlAs Heterostructures
Authors: Shamirzaev Timur S. , Atuchin Victor V.
Published: July 2023

The vacancy generation dynamics in doped semiconductor heterostructures with quantum dots (QD) formed in the cationic and anionic sublattices of AlAs is studied. We demonstrate experimentally that the vacancy-mediated high temperature diffusion is enhanced (suppressed) in n- and p-doped heterostructures with QDs formed in the cationic sublattice, while the opposite behavior occurs in the heterostructures with QDs formed in the anionic sublattice. A model describing the doping effect on the vacancy generation dynamics is developed. The effect of nonuniform charge carrier spatial distribution arisen in heterostructures at high temperatures on the vacancy generation and diffusion is revealed.
Synthesis of Si/C Composites by Silicon Waste Recycling and Carbon Coating for High-Capacity Lithium-Ion Storage
Authors: Huang Jinning , Li Jun , Ye Lanxin , Wu Min , Liu Hongxia , Cui Yingxue , Lian Jiabiao , Wang Chuan
Published: July 2023

It is of great significance to recycle the silicon (Si) kerf slurry waste from the photovoltaic (PV) industry. Si holds great promise as the anode material for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity. However, the large volume expansion of Si during the electrochemical processes always leads to electrode collapse and a rapid decline in electrochemical performance. Herein, an effective carbon coating strategy is utilized to construct a precise Si@CPPy composite using cutting-waste silicon and polypyrrole (PPy). By optimizing the mass ratio of Si and carbon, the Si@CPPy composite can exhibit a high specific capacity and superior rate capability (1436 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and 607 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1). Moreover, the Si@CPPy composite also shows better cycling stability than the pristine prescreen silicon (PS-Si), as the carbon coating can effectively alleviate the volume expansion of Si during the lithiation/delithiation process. This work showcases a high-value utilization of PV silicon scraps, which helps to reduce resource waste and develop green energy storage.
Prevention and Treatment of Retinal Vein Occlusion: The Role of Diet—A Review
Authors: Lendzioszek Maja , Mrugacz Małgorzata , Bryl Anna , Poppe Ewa , Zorena Katarzyna
Published: July 2023

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal disorder. In comparison to diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration, RVO is usually an unexpected event that carries a greater psychological impact. There is strong evidence to suggest that cardiovascular diseases are the most common risk factors in this pathology and it has long been known that a higher consumption of fish, nuts, fruits, and vegetables has a protective effect against these types of conditions. In the last several years, interest in plant-based diets has grown in both the general population and in the scientific community, to the point to which it has become one of the main dietary patterns adopted in Western countries. The aim of this review is to investigate the potential impact of macro- and micronutrients on retinal vein occlusion.
Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and FAS rs6586161 Polymorphism in Relation to Gastric Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in Korea
Authors: Kim Hong Kyoung , Kim Sang Young , Kwak Jung Hyun , Kim Hyun Ja
Published: July 2023

Many dietary and genetic factors have been confirmed to be associated with gastric cancer risk. This research investigated gastric cancer risk with regard to the glycemic index, glycemic load, and FAS rs6586161 polymorphism. A total of 232 matched pairs were included in this case-control study. Data collection was conducted at two hospitals in Korea from 2002 to 2006. Dietary information was obtained from a food frequency questionnaire, and genotypes of FAS rs6586161 polymorphism were TT, TA, and AA type. Gastric cancer risk was increased for the highest tertile of glycemic index (vs. lowest tertile, OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.07–3.18), the highest tertile of glycemic load (vs. lowest tertile, OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.23–3.75), and the AA type of FAS rs6586161 polymorphism (vs. TT types, OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.13–3.39). Furthermore, gastric cancer risk was significantly elevated for the participants with the highest glycemic load and AA type of FAS rs6586161 polymorphism (vs. the lowest glycemic load and TT type, OR = 5.53, 95% CI = 2.01–15.21). Both the high glycemic load and AA type of FAS rs6586161 polymorphism increased gastric cancer risk; however, the interactions between these two elevated the risk of gastric cancer even more.
Probiotic Fermented Goat’s and Sheep’s Milk: Effect of Type and Dose of Collagen on Survival of Four Strains of Probiotic Bacteria during Simulated In Vitro Digestion Conditions
Authors: Szopa Kamil , Szajnar Katarzyna , Pawlos Małgorzata , Znamirowska-Piotrowska Agata
Published: July 2023

Microbial tolerance of digestive stresses depends not only on the bacterial strain but also on the structure and physicochemical properties of the supply chain and the foods that contain it. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the type of milk (ovine, caprine) and the type and dose of collagen on the viability of four probiotic strains, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L-26, Lacticaseibacillus casei 431, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Lr-32, during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The highest survival rate under simulated in vitro digestion conditions compared to the number of cells before digestion was found in two strains, L. casei and L. paracasei, where survival rates were greater than 50% in each batch. The survival rate of the L. rhamnosus strain ranged from 41.05% to 64.23%. In caprine milk fermented by L. acidophilus, a higher survival rate was found in milk with 1.5% hydrolysate than the control, by about 6%. Survival of the L. rhamnosus strain was favorably affected by the 3% addition of bovine collagen in caprine milk, which increased survival by about 14% compared to the control sample. Adding 3% of hydrolysate to sheep’s and goat’s milk enhanced the survival of the L. rhamnosus strain by 3% and 19%, respectively. This study reports that fermented caprine and ovine milk may be suitable matrices for the probiotic supply of commercial dairy starter cultures and promote gut homeostasis.
Precision Nutrition Opportunities to Help Mitigate Nutrition and Health Challenges in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Expert Opinion Survey
Authors: Bedsaul-Fryer Jacquelyn R. , van Zutphen-Küffer Kesso G. , Monroy-Gomez Jimena , Clayton Diane E. , Gavin-Smith Breda , Worth Céline , Schwab Christian Nils , Freymond Mathilda , Surowska Anna , Bhering Martins Laís , Senn-Jakobsen Christina , Kraemer Klaus
Published: July 2023

Precision nutrition involves several data collection methods and tools that aim to better inform nutritional recommendations and improve dietary intake, nutritional status, and health outcomes. While the benefits of collecting precise data and designing well-informed interventions are vast, it is presently unclear whether precision nutrition is a relevant approach for tackling nutrition challenges facing populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), considering infrastructure, affordability, and accessibility of approaches. The Swiss Food & Nutrition Valley (SFNV) Precision Nutrition for LMIC project working group assessed the relevance of precision nutrition for LMIC by first conducting an expert opinion survey and then hosting a workshop with nutrition leaders who live or work in LMIC. The experts were interviewed to discuss four topics: nutritional problems, current solutions, precision nutrition, and collaboration. Furthermore, the SFNV Precision Nutrition for LMIC Virtual Workshop gathered a wider group of nutrition leaders to further discuss precision nutrition relevance and opportunities. Our study revealed that precision public health nutrition, which has a clear focus on the stratification of at-risk groups, may offer relevant support for nutrition and health issues in LMIC. However, funding, affordability, resources, awareness, training, suitable tools, and safety are essential prerequisites for implementation and to equitably address nutrition challenges in low-resource communities.
Change in Liver Fibrosis Associates with Progress of Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Terasaka Yoshiko , Takahashi Hirokazu , Amano Kazushi , Fujisaki Koshiro , Kita Shotaro , Kato Kaori , Nakayama Koujin , Yamashita Yuko , Nakamura Shuji , Anzai Keizo
Published: July 2023

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in diabetes, and liver fibrosis is a prognostic risk factor for NAFLD. The interaction between DN and liver fibrosis in NAFLD remains unclear. In 189 patients with DN and NAFLD who received an education course about diabetic nephropathy, liver fibrosis was evaluated using the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index. The association between the outcome of DN and changes in liver fibrosis was examined. The FIB-4 index was maintained at the baseline level in patients with improved DN, while it was increased in other patients. The ΔFIB-4 index was positively correlated with changes in albuminuria and proteinuria (ρ = 0.22, p = 0.004). In a multivariate analysis, changes in albuminuria and proteinuria were associated with the ΔFIB-4 index (p = 0.002). Patients with a progressive FIB-4 index category from baseline to 5 years showed a lower event-free survival rate after 5 years than patients with an improved FIB-4 index category (p = 0.037). The outcome of DN is associated with changes in liver fibrosis in patients with diabetes, NAFLD and DN. Developing a preventive and therapeutic approach for these conditions is required.
Concentration of Essential, Toxic, and Rare Earth Elements in Ready-to-Eat Baby Purees from the Spanish Market
Authors: Henríquez-Hernández Luis Alberto , Acosta-Dacal Andrea Carolina , Boada Luis D. , Zumbado Manuel , Serra-Majem Lluis , Luzardo Octavio P.
Published: July 2023

Background: The infant population is particularly sensitive, so the risk posed by their diet must be analyzed. The aims of the present study were (i) to determine the contents of 38 elements in 159 samples of ready-to-eat baby food sold in Spain and (ii) to estimate the dietary intakes and risk assessments of these elements in name brands and store brands in infants ranging between 6 and 12 months of age. Methods: A list of essential, non-essential/toxic elements, rare earth elements (REEs), and other hi-tech-related elements that are currently considered as emerging environmental pollutants were measured in ready-to-eat baby foods by ICP-MS. Results: Fish purees showed the highest concentrations of mercury (28.1 ng/g) and arsenic (346.2 ng/g). The levels of manganese, molybdenum, and chromium exceed the adequate intake, being higher in the case of store brands. The acute hazard index was above 1 for molybdenum and manganese. A risky consumption of thallium and mercury was observed, being higher among name brands. The risk associated with the consumption of REEs was low, although its presence should be highlighted. Conclusions: This is the first time that these chemical elements have been measured in ready-to-eat purees for babies. The presence of some of them, such as mercury, should be sufficient to monitor the levels of these contaminants in food intended for such a sensitive population as children.
Study of the Effect of Intestinal Microbes on Obesity: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Su Zehao , Tian Chenyu , Wang Guan , Guo Jingjing , Yang Xiaoyan
Published: July 2023

Obesity is a serious public health problem. According to statistics, there are millions of obese people worldwide. Research studies have discovered a complex and intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and obesity. Probing and summarizing the relationship between intestinal microbes and obesity has important guiding significance for the accurate control of the research direction and expanding the choice of obesity treatment methods. We used bibliometric analysis to analyze the published literature with the intention to reveal the research hotspots and development trends on the effects of intestinal microbes on obesity from a visualization perspective, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that current research is focusing on related mechanisms of the effects of intestinal microbes on obesity and therapeutic methods for obesity. Several noteworthy hotspots within this field have garnered considerable attention and are expected to remain the focal points of future research. Of particular interest are the mechanisms by which intestinal microbes potentially regulate obesity through metabolite interactions, as well as the role of microbiomes as metabolic markers of obesity. These findings strongly suggest that gut microbes continue to be a key target in the quest for effective obesity treatments. Co-operation and communication between countries and institutions should be strengthened to promote development in this field to benefit more patients with obesity.
Dietary Folic Acid Supplementation Attenuates Maternal High-Fat Diet-Induced Fetal Intrauterine Growth Retarded via Ameliorating Placental Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Rats
Authors: Zhang Huaqi , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Yutong , Zhao Xuenuo , Zhang Li , Li Jing , Zhang Yabin , Wang Peng , Liang Hui
Published: July 2023

The placenta is particularly susceptible to inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to placental vascular dysfunction and placental insufficiency, which is associated with fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). It is unknown whether folic acid (FA) supplementation can alleviate high-fat diet-induced IUGR in rats by improving placental function. In this study, pregnant rats were randomized into one of four diet-based groups: (1) control diet (CON), (2) control diet supplemented with FA, (3) high-fat diet (HFD), and (4) high-fat diet supplemented with FA (HFD + FA). Dams were sacrificed at gestation day 18.5 (GD18.5). The results indicated that dietary FA supplementation normalized a maternal HFD-induced decrease in fetal weight. The decrease in placental efficiency, labyrinth zone (LZ) area, blood sinusoid area, vascular density, and the levels of angiogenesis factors induced by a maternal HFD were alleviated by the addition of FA, suggesting that FA supplementation can alleviate placental vascular dysplasia. Furthermore, FA supplementation increased the protein expressions of SIRT1, inhibited NF-κB transcriptional activation, attenuated the levels of NF-κB/downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines, induced Nrf2 activation, and increased downstream target protein expression. In conclusion, we found that dietary FA supplementation during pregnancy could improve maternal HFD-induced IUGR by alleviating placental inflammation and oxidative stress, which may be associated with the regulation of SIRT1 and its mediated NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways.
Lactate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors Suppress Borrelia burgdorferi Growth In Vitro
Authors: Lynch Adam , Pearson Patrick , Savinov Sergey N. , Li Andrew Y. , Rich Stephen M.
Published: July 2023

Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, has a highly reduced genome and relies heavily on glycolysis for carbon metabolism. As such, established inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated in cultures to determine the extent of their impacts on B. burgdorferi growth. Both racemic and enantiopure (AT-101) gossypol, as well as oxamate, galloflavin, and stiripentol, caused the dose-dependent suppression of B. burgdorferi growth in vitro. Racemic gossypol and AT-101 were shown to fully inhibit spirochetal growth at concentrations of 70.5 and 187.5 μM, respectively. Differences between racemic gossypol and AT-101 efficacy may indicate that the dextrorotatory enantiomer of gossypol is a more effective inhibitor of B. burgdorferi growth than the levorotatory enantiomer. As a whole, LDH inhibition appears to be a promising mechanism for suppressing Borrelia growth, particularly with bulky LDH inhibitors like gossypol.
Chemical Constituents and Their Biological Activities from Genus Styrax
Authors: Xia Ding-Ding , Han Xin-Yu , Zhang Yu , Zhang Na
Published: July 2023

Plants from the genus Styrax have been extensively used in folk medicines to treat diseases such as skin diseases and peptic ulcers and as an antiseptic and analgesic. Most Styrax species, especially Styrax tonkinensis, which is used as an expectorant, antiseptic, and analgesic in Chinese traditional medicine, could screen resin after external injury. Styrax is also used in folk medicines in Korea to treat sore throat, bronchitis, cough, expectoration, paralysis, laryngitis, and inflammation. Different parts of various Styrax species can be widely employed for ethnopharmacological applications. Moreover, for ethnopharmacological use, these parts of Styrax species can be applied in combination with other folk medicines. Styrax species consist of versatile natural compounds, with some of them exhibiting particularly excellent pharmacological activities, such as cytotoxic, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, antioxidant, and antifungal activities. Altogether, these exciting results indicate that a comprehensive review of plants belonging to this genus is essential for helping researchers to continuously conduct an in-depth investigation. In this review, the traditional uses, phytochemistry, corresponding pharmacological activities, and structure–activity relationships of different Styrax species are clarified and critically discussed. More insights into potential opportunities for future research are carefully assessed.
Community Pharmacy Recruitment for Practice-Based Research: Challenges and Lessons Learned
Authors: Roller Jessica , Pfeiffer Anna , Humphries Courtney , Richard Chloe , Easter Jon , Ferreri Stefanie , Livet Melanie
Published: July 2023

To support the successful integration of community pharmacies into value-based care models, research on the feasibility and effectiveness of novel pharmacist-provided patient care services is needed. The UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, supported by the National Association of Chain Drug Stores (NACDS) Foundation, designed the Community-based Valued-driven Care Initiative (CVCI) to (1) identify effective value-based patient care interventions that could be provided by community pharmacists, (2) implement and evaluate the feasibility of the selected patient care interventions, and (3) develop resources and create collaborative sustainability opportunities. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe recruitment strategies for CVCI and share lessons learned. The project team identified pharmacies for recruitment through a mixed data analysis followed by a “fit” evaluation. A total of 42 pharmacy organizations were identified for recruitment, 24 were successfully contacted, and 9 signed on to the project. During recruitment, pharmacies cited concerns regarding the financial sustainability of implementing and delivering the patient care services, challenges with staffing and infrastructure, and pharmacists’ comfort level. To foster participation, it was vital to have leadership buy-in, clear benefits from implementation, and assured sustainability beyond the research period.
Single-Frequency Continuous-Wave Self-Sweeping Fiber Laser Based on Separated Gain and Absorption Dynamics Gratings
Authors: Kashirina Ekaterina K. , Lobach Ivan A. , Kablukov Sergey I.
Published: July 2023

A new cavity scheme for a self-sweeping fiber laser with separated gain and absorption dynamics gratings is presented. The scheme is experimentally realized in an Er-doped ring fiber laser generating in the continuous-wave (CW) regime near the wavelength of 1604 nm. Switching between single longitudinal mode stabilization and wavelength self-sweeping regimes is demonstrated by controlling the intracavity losses in the laser. The pump power and optimization of the intracavity losses made it possible to demonstrate record sweeping range of 2.6 nm in a single-frequency self-sweeping regime in the telecommunication L-band.
Photonic-Assisted Microwave Frequency Measurement Using High Q-Factor Microdisk with High Accuracy
Authors: Zhao Mengyao , Wang Wenyu , Shi Lei , Che Chicheng , Dong Jianji
Published: July 2023

Frequency measurement plays a crucial role in radar, communication, and various applications. The photonic-assisted frequency measurement method offers several advantages, including resistance to electromagnetic interference, broad bandwidth, and low power consumption. Notably, frequency-to-time mapping enables the measurement of various microwave signal types, such as single-frequency, multiple-frequency, frequency hopping, and chirped signals. However, the accuracy of this method is currently limited due to the absence of resonant devices with high-quality factors, which are essential for achieving higher-precision measurements. In this work, a frequency measurement method based on an ultrahigh-quality-factor microdisk is proposed. By establishing a correlation between the time difference and the frequency to be measured, a reduction in measurement error to below 10 MHz within a frequency measurement range of 3 GHz is realized. Our work introduces a new approach to frequency measurement using optical devices, opening new possibilities in this field.
Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Decentered Refractive Segmented Extended Depth of Focus (EDoF) Intraocular Lenses on Predicted Visual Outcomes
Authors: García Scott , Salvá Luis , García-Delpech Salvador , Martínez-Espert Anabel , Ferrando Vicente
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the optical performance of a rotationally asymmetric intraocular lens (IOL) when it is decentered relative to the visual axis. The FEMTIS Comfort IOL (Teleon Surgical B.V., Spankeren, The Netherlands) was assessed using ray tracing software in the Atchison model eye at apertures of 3.0 mm and 4.5 mm. The metric used for assessment was the through-the-focus area under the modulation transfer function (TF-MTFa). Decentrations of 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm were considered. Our results indicated that the MTFa defocus curves exhibited significant differences depending on the direction of vertical decentration. Downward decentrations shifted the MTFa curve towards virtual vergences, resulting in improved optical quality at far distances but decreased optical quality at intermediate and near vision. Conversely, upward decentrations produced the opposite effect. Since, on one hand, this lens is fixed within the capsulorhexis during surgery, demonstrating excellent stability, and on the other hand, the precise centration of the capsulorhexis can be made accurately off the visual axis, these results provide surgeons with the opportunity to plan various clinical scenarios to optimize surgical outcomes with this IOL by selecting the optimal location for capsulorhexis centration in each patient.
Deep Learning and Adjoint Method Accelerated Inverse Design in Photonics: A Review
Authors: Pan Zongyong , Pan Xiaomin
Published: July 2023

For photonic applications, the inverse design method plays a critical role in the optimized design of photonic devices. According to its two ingredients, inverse design in photonics can be improved from two aspects: to find solutions to Maxwell’s equations more efficiently and to employ a more suitable optimization scheme. Various optimization algorithms have been employed to handle the optimization: the adjoint method (AM) has become the one of the most widely utilized ones because of its low computational cost. With the rapid development of deep learning (DL) in recent years, inverse design has also benefited from DL algorithms, leading to a new pattern of photon inverse design. Unlike the AM, DL can be an efficient solver of Maxwell’s equations, as well as a nice optimizer, or even both, in inverse design. In this review, we discuss the development of the AM and DL algorithms in inverse design, and the advancements, advantages, and disadvantages of the AM and DL algorithms in photon inverse design.
Environmental Adaptability and Energy Investment Strategy of Different Cunninghamia lanceolata Clones Based on Leaf Calorific Value and Construction Cost Characteristics
Authors: Li Nana , Cao Yue , Wu Jinghui , Zhang Ting , Zou Xianhua , Ma Xiangqing , Wu Pengfei
Published: July 2023

The calorific value and construction cost of leaves reflect the utilization strategy of plants for environmental resources. Their genetic characteristics and leaf functional traits as well as climate change affect the calorific values. This study explores the differences in energy investment strategies and the response characteristics of energy utilization in leaves to climate change among nine clones of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). Considering the objectives, the differences in the energy utilization strategies were analyzed by determining the leaf nutrients, specific leaf area, and leaf calorific value and by calculating the construction cost. The results showed a significant difference in the ash-free calorific value and construction cost of leaves among different Chinese fir clones (p < 0.05). There were also significant differences in leaf carbon (C) content, leaf nitrogen (N) content, specific leaf area, and ash content. The correlation analysis showed that leaves’ ash-free calorific value and construction cost were positively correlated with the C content. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that P2 is inclined to the “fast investment return” energy investment strategy, while L27 is inclined to the “slow investment return” energy investment strategy. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicates that the monthly average temperature strongly correlates positively with leaf construction cost, N content, and specific leaf area. The monthly average precipitation positively impacts the ash-free calorific value and construction cost of leaves. In conclusion, there are obvious differences in energy investment strategies among different Chinese fir clones. When temperature and precipitation change, Chinese fir leaves can adjust their energy investment to adapt to environmental changes. In the future, attention should be paid to the impact of climate change–related aspects on the growth and development of Chinese fir plantations.
A Double Mutation in the ALS Gene Confers a High Level of Resistance to Mesosulfuron-Methyl in Shepherd’s-Purse
Authors: Lu Huan , Liu Yingze , Bu Dexiao , Yang Fan , Zhang Zheng , Qiang Sheng
Published: July 2023

Shepherd’s-purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), a globally distributed noxious weed species often found in wheat, has evolved resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides mainly due to single mutations in the ALS gene. In the present study, dose–response bioassays showed that a shepherd’s-purse population (R), collected from Xinghua, Jiangsu Province, China, had high level of resistance to the ALS-inhibiting herbicide, mesosulfuron-methyl (800-fold), and even much higher resistance levels to other reported ALS-inhibiting herbicides, tribenuron-methyl (1313-fold), bensulfuron-methyl (969-fold) and penoxsulam (613-fold). Sequencing of the open reading frame of the ALS gene revealed a double ALS gene mutation (Pro197-Ser plus Trp574-Leu) conferring the high resistance in the R plants. Docking analysis of the ALS protein and mesosulfuron-methyl predicts that the two amino acid substitutions in the R samples reduces the binding energy to the herbicide by decreasing the hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) and other interactions, thus endowing resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. These results demonstrate that the double ALS mutation confers high resistance levels to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of the double ALS mutation in shepherd’s-purse endowing ALS-inhibiting herbicide resistance.