bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro and In Silico Investigation of BCI Anticancer Properties and Its Potential for Chemotherapy-Combined Treatments
Authors: Marciniak Beata , Kciuk Mateusz , Mujwar Somdutt , Sundaraj Rajamanikandan , Bukowski Karol , Gruszka Renata
Published: September 2023

Background: DUSP6 phosphatase serves as a negative regulator of MAPK kinases involved in numerous cellular processes. BCI has been identified as a potential allosteric inhibitor with anticancer activity. Our study was designed to test the anticancer properties of BCI in colon cancer cells, to characterize the effect of this compound on chemotherapeutics such as irinotecan and oxaliplatin activity, and to identify potential molecular targets for this inhibitor. Methods: BCI cytotoxicity, proapoptotic activity, and cell cycle distribution were investigated in vitro on three colon cancer cell lines (DLD1, HT-29, and Caco-2). In silico investigation was prepared to assess BCI drug-likeness and identify potential molecular targets. Results: The exposure of colorectal cancer cells with BCI resulted in antitumor effects associated with cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. BCI exhibited strong cytotoxicity on DLD1, HT-29, and Caco-2 cells. BCI showed no significant interaction with irinotecan, but strongly attenuated the anticancer activity of oxaliplatin when administered together. Analysis of synergy potential further confirmed the antagonistic interaction between these two compounds. In silico investigation indicated CDK5 as a potential new target of BCI. Conclusions: Our studies point to the anticancer potential of BCI but note the need for a precise mechanism of action.
Recent Advancements for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Nouso Kazuhiro
Published: September 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is currently one of the most common cancers [...]
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Risk Factor-Based Lung Cancer Screening Program by Low-Dose Computer Tomography in Current Smokers in China
Authors: Zhang Tiantian , Chen Xudong , Li Caichen , Wen Xiaoqin , Lin Tengfei , Huang Jiaxing , He Jianxing , Zhong Nanshan , Jiang Jie , Liang Wenhua
Published: September 2023

Although the effectiveness of lung cancer screening by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) could be shown in China, there could be variation in the evidence concerning the economic impact. Our study explores the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening and optimizes the best definition of a high-risk population. A Markov model consisting of the natural history and post-diagnosis states was constructed to estimate the costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of LDCT screening compared with no screening. A total of 36 distinct risk factor-based screening strategies were assessed by incorporating starting ages of 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 and 65 years, stopping ages of 69, 74 and 79 years as well as smoking eligibility criteria. Screening data came from community-based mass screening with LDCT for lung cancer in Guangzhou. Compared with no screening, all screening scenarios led to incremental costs and QALYs. When the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was USD37,653, three times the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in China, six of nine strategies on the efficiency frontier may be cost-effective. Annual screening between 55 and 79 years of age for those who smoked more than 20 pack-years, which yielded an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of USD35,000.00 per QALY gained, was considered optimal. In sensitivity analyses, the result was stable in most cases. The trends of the results are roughly the same in scenario analyses. According to the WTP threshold of different regions, the optimal screening strategies were annual screening for those who smoked more than 20 pack-years, between 50 and 79 years of age in Zhejiang province, 55–79 years in Guangdong province and 65–74 years in Yunnan province. However, annual screening was unlikely to be cost-effective in Heilongjiang province under our modelling assumptions, indicating that tailored screening policies should be made regionally according to the local epidemiological and economic situation.
Key Principles of Advanced Oxidation Processes: A Systematic Analysis of Current and Future Perspectives of the Removal of Antibiotics from Wastewater
Authors: Lupu Giovanina-Iuliana , Orbeci Cristina , Bobirică Liliana , Bobirică Constantin , Pascu Luoana Florentina
Published: September 2023

In line with the development of industrial society, wastewater has caused multiple environmental problems. Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in water and wastewater are persistent, and for this reason they can cause serious problems for human health, animal health, and the whole environment. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to apply efficient methods for the treatment of wastewater that has a high concentration of organic compounds. Over recent years, the prescribed and non-prescribed consumption of antibiotics has increased significantly worldwide. Large quantities of antibiotics are discharged into wastewater because of their incomplete absorption by living organisms. However, even small concentrations present in aquatic environments represent a major risk to human health and environment protection. This paper presents the main advantages and disadvantages of advanced oxidation processes, and the current state and new perspectives in the field of environment protection. This study summarizes data from the most recent specialized scientific literature that focuses on the topic of advanced oxidation processes, thus bringing all these aspects to the attention of researchers in a single work that adds comments and interpretations related to the presented processes. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are often used in the treatment of different types of wastewater. AOPs are based on physicochemical processes that create significant structural changes in chemical species. The majority of antibiotics may be eliminated using physicochemical processes, such as photo-Fenton oxidation, photolysis, ozonation, electrooxidation, heterogeneous catalysis, and other bioprocesses. In comparison to conventional chemical processes, AOPs provide superior oxidation efficiency, ideal operating costs, and zero secondary pollutants.
Protein Phosphatase 4 Is Required for Centrobin Function in DNA Damage Repair
Authors: Réthi-Nagy Zsuzsánna , Ábrahám Edit , Sinka Rita , Juhász Szilvia , Lipinszki Zoltán
Published: September 2023

Genome stability in human cells relies on the efficient repair of double-stranded DNA breaks, which is mainly achieved by homologous recombination (HR). Among the regulators of various cellular functions, Protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) plays a pivotal role in coordinating cellular response to DNA damage. Meanwhile, Centrobin (CNTRB), initially recognized for its association with centrosomal function and microtubule dynamics, has sparked interest due to its potential contribution to DNA repair processes. In this study, we investigate the involvement of PP4 and its interaction with CNTRB in HR-mediated DNA repair in human cells. Employing a range of experimental strategies, we investigate the physical interaction between PP4 and CNTRB and shed light on the importance of two specific motifs in CNTRB, the PP4-binding FRVP and the ATR kinase recognition SQ sequences, in the DNA repair process. Moreover, we examine cells depleted of PP4 or CNTRB and cells harboring FRVP and SQ mutations in CNTRB, which result in similar abnormal chromosome morphologies. This phenomenon likely results from the impaired resolution of Holliday junctions, which serve as crucial intermediates in HR. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the intricate mechanisms of PP4 and CNTRB-regulated HR repair and their interrelation.
Developing Geopolymer Concrete by Using Ferronickel Slag and Ground-Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag
Authors: Nguyen Quang Dieu , Castel Arnaud
Published: September 2023

Geopolymer concrete is gaining recognition as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional cement-based materials, offering potential solutions for reducing the carbon emissions of the construction industry. This study aims to develop GGBFS–FNS geopolymers utilising ferronickel slag (FNS) and ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS). Ground FNS (GFNS) is a potential candidate for replacing fly ash in geopolymers. This research aims to develop for the first time a GGBFS–FNS alkali-activated concrete. Numerous trials were conducted including different GGBFS–FNS blend percentages, several chemical admixtures and varying activator concentrations to develop the optimal binder mix composition. The effects of different chemical admixtures on the properties of geopolymer pastes, mortars, and concretes were investigated. The study evaluated setting time, compressive strength, shrinkage, and physical and durability properties. The results indicate that conventional admixtures have limited impact on the setting time, while increasing the water/solid ratio and decreasing the GGBFS content could extend the initial and final setting times. The presence of FNS aggregate could improve the compressive strength of geopolymer mortars. The water absorber admixture was highly effective in reducing shrinkage and increasing chloride diffusion resistance. The geopolymer mix containing 50 wt.% GFNS and 50 wt.% GGBFS with the presence of the water absorber admixture presented high chloride diffusion resistance, non-reactivity to the alkali–silica reaction and high sulphate resistance. Overall, the GGBFS–FNS geopolymers exhibited promising potential for engineering applications as an environmentally friendly material, particularly in aggressive environments.
Parents’ Experiences and Perceptions of Healthcare Transition in Adolescents with Asthma: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Rhee Hyekyun , Batek Lindsay , Rew Lynn , Tumiel-Berhalter Laurene
Published: September 2023

Adolescence marks a significant transition from pediatric to adult healthcare, and parents play critical roles in supporting their adolescents with chronic conditions through this process. However, little is known about parents’ experiences, perceptions, and needs during this healthcare transition. This qualitative study explores the experiences and perceptions of parents regarding the care transition of their 16–17-year-old adolescents with asthma. Nineteen mothers participated in either a focus group or individual interviews, and a content analysis was conducted on the data. Parents expressed negative emotions and various concerns about their teens’ transition readiness and asthma management. A need for early transition training for both adolescents and parents was discussed. Overall, the complexity and challenges associated with the healthcare transition of adolescents with asthma take a toll on parents, particularly when their teens are not adequately prepared to manage asthma independently. Parents need appropriate anticipatory guidance regarding the transition and skills to navigate changing roles and negotiate asthma care responsibilities with their teens. Timely interventions and support strategies for both adolescents and parents are needed to ensure the successful healthcare transition of adolescents with asthma.
Perspectives of Healthcare Providers to Inform the Design of an AI-Enhanced Social Robot in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Hudson Summer , Nishat Fareha , Stinson Jennifer , Litwin Sasha , Zeller Frauke , Wiles Brittany , Foster Mary Ellen , Ali Samina
Published: September 2023

Children commonly experience pain and distress in healthcare settings related to medical procedures such as blood tests and intravenous insertions (IVIs). Inadequately addressed pain and distress can result in both short- and long-term negative consequences. The use of socially assistive robotics (SARs) to reduce procedure-related distress and pain in children’s healthcare settings has shown promise; however, the current options lack autonomous adaptability. This study presents a descriptive qualitative needs assessment of healthcare providers (HCPs) in two Canadian pediatric emergency departments (ED) to inform the design an artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced social robot to be used as a distraction tool in the ED to facilitate IVIs. Semi-structured virtual individual and focus group interviews were conducted with eleven HCPs. Four main themes were identified: (1) common challenges during IVIs (i.e., child distress and resource limitations), (2) available tools for pain and distress management during IVIs (i.e., pharmacological and non-pharmacological), (3) response to SAR appearance and functionality (i.e., personalized emotional support, adaptive distraction based on child’s preferences, and positive reinforcement), and (4) anticipated benefits and challenges of SAR in the ED (i.e., ensuring developmentally appropriate interactions and space limitations). HCPs perceive AI-enhanced social robots as a promising tool for distraction during IVIs in the ED.
SPAN Website for Remote Intervention with Autistic Adolescents and Young Adults: Feasibility and Usability
Authors: Lamash Liron , Gal Eynat , Yaar Einat , Bedell Gary
Published: September 2023

Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) report less functional independence and social participation than their neurotypical peers. Remotely delivered interventions may allow autistic AYA to promote their independence, social participation, and wellbeing as they transition to adulthood. Social Participation and Navigation (SPAN) is a technology-based remotely delivered intervention initially developed for AYA with acquired brain injuries. The SPAN (website, application, and intervention manual) was modified to address the needs of AYA with autism (SPAN-ASD). This study examined the SPAN-ASD website and web application’s feasibility and usability. Participants comprised 12 autistic AYA and 18 practitioners (all occupational therapists) with more than 1 year of experience in working with autistic AYA. All navigated the SPAN-ASD website and goal-management application. Practitioners completed the SPAN-ASD components and the Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of Use questionnaires; AYA completed the System Usability Scale. The practitioners’ average feasibility scores ranged from 4.30 to 4.68 (high); the overall usability score was 5.77 (good). The autistic AYA rated SPAN-ASD as a good, acceptable, and useful tool. Content analysis and item-level ratings indicated some needed improvements. Practitioners and autistic AYA perceived the SPAN-ASD website and application as highly feasible and usable, with excellent potential for technology-supported interventions.
Surgical Treatment of Saphenous Nerve Injury Assisted by Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF): Lessons from a Case Report
Authors: Fahandezh-Saddi Díaz Homid , Ríos Luna Antonio , Villanueva Martínez Manuel , Cantero Yubero María Elena , Prado Roberto , Padilla Sabino , Anitua Eduardo
Published: September 2023

The infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve (SN) is a widely described anatomic and functional structure; however, its relevance in daily clinical practice is underestimated. All surgical procedures performed on the anteromedial aspect of the knee are associated with a risk of iatrogenic injury to this nerve, including knee arthroscopy, knee arthroplasty, tibial nailing, etc. We present the case of a saphenous nerve neuroma after treatment with radiofrequency thermal ablation due to a knee pain problem. After conducting an anaesthetic suppression test, we decided to perform a denervation of the medial saphenous nerve in Hunter’s canal. We performed surgery on the anteromedial aspect of the knee. The distal end of the medial SN was coagulated with a bipolar scalpel. The proximal end of the nerve was released proximally, and a termino-lateral suture was made at the free end of the nerve after creating an epineural window to inhibit its growth. A double crush was produced proximally to the suture site to create a grade II-III axonal injury. Autologous plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) was used to reduce potential post-surgical adhesions and to stimulate regeneration of the surgical lesions. One year after surgery, the patient was living a completely normal life.
Design and Manufacturing of Filter Sets for Dual-Color Synchronous Gene Sequencing
Authors: Ban Chao , Gao Peng , Ren Shaopeng , Wang Ruisheng , Wang Zhonglian , Liang Xianpeng , Yin Xiaojun , Zhao Shuaifeng
Published: September 2023

Gene sequencing is an important means for modern life sciences research and clinical diagnosis. In recent years, dual-color synchronous gene sequencing has developed rapidly due to its excellent properties such as high throughput, fast speed, miniaturization, and low cost. In this paper, a type of dual-color synchronous gene sequencing optical path structure, which is based on the fluorescence-detection principle, was designed. FAM and TAMRA were selected as the fluorophores, which corresponded to excitation light sources with 488 nm laser and 543 nm laser, respectively. Combining the optical system and fluorophores, we designed the parameters of the filter sets, including the details of design methods for dual-bandpass filters and dual-notch dichromic mirrors. Moreover, these filters were successfully manufactured by ion-assisted deposition and magnetron-sputtering methods with extreme precision. The satisfying application effect was demonstrated when these products were applied in customer-desktop medium-throughput gene sequencers.
Optimizing Sputter Deposition Conditions of Silver Thin Films Used in Low-Emissivity Coatings in an In-Line Deposition System
Authors: Campos Clàudia , Herguedas Natalia , Carretero Enrique
Published: September 2023

This research sought to determine the optimal conditions for depositing thin silver layers in the fabrication of low-emissivity coatings. The study utilized an in-line semi-industrial high-vacuum magnetron sputtering system with rectangular targets, closely resembling those used in industrial settings. Trilayer AZO/Ag/AZO structures were deposited to enhance the wetting properties of the silver, and to protect it from the atmosphere. The effects of the power and argon flow on the sample properties were analyzed, along with variations in the silver thickness. The results demonstrate that a lower power (200 W) and higher argon flows (1000 sccm) lead to a higher transmittance and a lower sheet resistance, resulting in a reduced emissivity (up to 0.015 for 24 nm of silver). The identified optimal conditions offer valuable recommendations for producing more efficient and optically superior coatings. This study also reveals the importance of the silver thickness to the properties of the coatings, in accordance with previous research findings. These findings provide insights for improving the performance of low-emissivity coatings in various applications.
Antioxidant Profile of Origanum dictamnus L. Exhibits Antiaging Properties against UVA Irradiation
Authors: Letsiou Sophia , Trapali Maria , Vougiouklaki Despina , Tsakni Aliki , Antonopoulos Dionysis , Houhoula Dimitra
Published: September 2023

Skin aging mainly occurs due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Extrinsic aging is a consequence of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Meanwhile, natural products exhibit protective properties against skin aging as well as photoaging. In this context, the research on natural anti-aging agents is greatly advanced, and in recent years, numerous plant-based products have been investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant profile of Origanum dictamnus L. extract as well as its antiaging effects on 2D cultures of fibroblasts and keratinocytes under UVA irradiation to unravel the potential role of Origanum dictamnus L. in cosmetology. In an attempt to explore the antioxidant profile of the extract, we employed well-established enzymatic assays (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and TPC) and a phytochemical screening by LC/MS. According to our findings, the Origanum dictamnus L. extract possesses high scavenging activity (DPPH, ABTS), high phenolic content (TPC), and high Fe(III)-reduction activity (FRAP). Moreover, the LC/MS analysis revealed that the extract was rich in flavonoids, holding a high content of curcumin, kampferol, silymarin, cyanidin-3-glucoside, deosmin, rutin, and quercetin. To gain insight into the bioactivity of Origanum dictamnus L. extract in cell aging, the expression of various genes that are implicated in the skin aging process in keratinocytes and fibroblasts was studied. The gene expression analysis revealed that the extract increases cell proliferation in the cells exposed to UVA irradiation and concomitantly modulates the expression of genes related to the aging process in keratinocytes (KLK7, OCLN, GBA1) and fibroblasts (SIRT2, FOXO3, COL3A1) under the same conditions.
Mistletoe Extracts during the Oncological Perioperative Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Cogo Elise , Elsayed Mohamed , Bhardwaj Sukriti , Cooley Kieran , Aycho Christilynn , Liang Vivian , Papadogianis Peter , Psihogios Athanasios , Seely Dugald
Published: September 2023

Background: We aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mistletoe extract (ME) use during the oncological perioperative period. Methods: Details registered a priori on PROSPERO (CRD42018086168). Results: Seven RCTs (comprising 663 participants in nine reports) and three nonrandomized studies were included. In five RCTs, ME was evaluated as adjunctive care and the control group had no additional intervention, whereas in two RCTs, ME was compared head-to-head against common cancer treatments (i.e., etoposide or bacillus Calmette-Guérin) with the intervention groups not receiving standard care. Meta-analyses found no evidence for a difference between ME and no added therapy for mortality and recurrence (RR, 95% CI: 1.00, 0.79–1.27; and 1.03, 0.79–1.33, respectively). Two RCTs reported beneficial effects of ME on immune cells, specifically natural killer cells, in colorectal cancer, and one RCT reported quality of life improvement. Two RCTs reported ME discontinuations due to adverse events and grade 3/4 toxicities. Nevertheless, no safety signals were detected from these 10 studies. Quality appraisal revealed a substantial risk of bias. Conclusions: Preliminary data are encouraging for mistletoe extracts, particularly in the context of colorectal cancer. However, the evidence is limited by the number of studies, an evaluation of different outcomes, and methodological limitations. Further high-quality research is warranted.
Destiny of Two Caddisfly Species under Global Climate Change
Authors: Stojanović Katarina , Milić Dubravka , Ranković Perišić Milica , Miličić Marija , Živić Ivana
Published: September 2023

Climate change is considered one of the greatest threats to freshwater biodiversity. Although freshwater biodiversity is an important contributor to economic, scientific, and cultural aspects of human society, freshwater species, especially invertebrates, tend to be neglected in conservation studies. This fact also raises the question of the suitability of protected areas (PAs) for the conservation of freshwater biodiversity. In our study, we used species distribution models (SDMs) to examine the effects of climate change on the two trichopteran species Helicopsyche bacescui Orghidan and Botosaneanu, 1953 and Thremma anomalum McLachlan, 1876. We determined which areas in the Balkans and neighboring countries might be lost to or colonized by these species in the future, and tested the effectiveness of PAs for the conservation of freshwater biota. While H. bacescui will potentially lose up to 68% of its range, T. anomalum could expand its range by up to 72%. Both species tend to shift their range mainly to the Carpathian Mountains. Our results suggest that currently established PAs are insufficient to cover the potential current and predicted future ranges of the studied species. The study therefore highlights the need to combine aquatic and terrestrial systems in the future designation of protected areas.
An Approach for the Estimation of Concentrations of Soluble Compounds in E. coli Bioprocesses
Authors: Masaitis Deividas , Urniezius Renaldas , Simutis Rimvydas , Vaitkus Vygandas , Matukaitis Mindaugas , Kemesis Benas , Galvanauskas Vytautas , Sinkevicius Benas
Published: September 2023

Accurate estimations of the concentrations of soluble compounds are crucial for optimizing bioprocesses involving Escherichia coli (E. coli). This study proposes a hybrid model structure that leverages off-gas analysis data and physiological parameters, including the average biomass age and specific growth rate, to estimate soluble compounds such as acetate and glutamate in fed-batch cultivations We used a hybrid recurrent neural network to establish the relationships between these parameters. To enhance the precision of the estimates, the model incorporates ensemble averaging and information gain. Ensemble averaging combines varying model inputs, leading to more robust representations of the underlying dynamics in E. coli bioprocesses. Our hybrid model estimates acetates with 1% and 8% system precision using data from the first site and the second site at GSK plc, respectively. Using the data from the second site, the precision of the approach for other solutes was as fallows: isoleucine −8%, lactate and glutamate −9%, and a 13% error for glutamine., These results, demonstrate its practical potential.
Analysis of the Impact of State-Owned Banks on the Sustainability of Public Finances
Authors: Davydenko Nadiia , Boiko Svitlana , Cherniavska Olena , Nehrey Maryna
Published: September 2023

This paper aims to provide a retrospective assessment of Ukraine’s state policy concerning state-owned banks and evaluate their impact on the sustainability of Ukraine’s public finances. The research methodology employs an empirical study of the cash flow of public funds to state-owned banks and the reverse cash flow to determine the impact of the activity and stability of public finances. The cash flow to state-owned banks includes the expenditure of public funds for the creation of authorised capital during the establishment of state-owned banks, the acquisition of shares in operating commercial banks, additional capitalisation of state-owned banks, etc. The reverse cash flow comprises dividends paid based on the performance of state-owned banks, as well as revenue generated for public funds through the sale of shares (privatisation) of state-owned banks. This study highlights the costs associated with recapitalising state-owned banks. These costs disrupt the stability of public finances, create additional debt dependency for Ukraine, impose an additional burden on public finances, and lead to structural changes that reduce funding for social spending. As a result, Ukrainian taxpayers are financing the inefficient activities of state-owned banks while experiencing reduced investments in education, healthcare, social protection, environmental protection, and other essential areas.
Educational System Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic—Review and Perspective
Authors: AlQashouti Noof , Yaqot Mohammed , Franzoi Robert E. , Menezes Brenno C.
Published: September 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the educational system worldwide because of the restrictions imposed in response to the pandemic for the purpose of impeding the fast spread of the virus. Educational institutions and people around the world worked intensively to create contingency plans that ensured the quality and continuity of the educational system. The ability to cope with the new changes in the educational environment varied since it depended on the available technologies and level of social restrictions, among other factors. This paper aims to investigate the literature on the educational system during the pandemic, with a particular emphasis on (1) the challenges faced by students and educators during the learning process, (2) the strategies used to overcome such challenges, and (3) the roles of educational institutions and parents. Two databases were selected in this review: Scopus and Web of Science. There were five stages in the identification, screening, and assessment of the eligibility of papers, whereby 87papers were selected to be analyzed. Opportunities to ensure the continuity and quality of learning are highlighted, and a framework is derived from the literature to achieve enhanced and more resilient online educational systems. By including multiple educational levels, potential research gaps can be identified, highlighting the need for further investigation and exploration in specific educational domains—e.g., addressing behavioral, procedural, and technological challenges requires a thorough examination to achieve optimal solutions and implement reforms.
Anti-Asian Racism during COVID-19: Emotional Challenges, Coping, and Implications for Asian American History Teaching
Authors: Zhang Xinwei , Sachdev Anu , Dzotsenidze Nino , Yu Xiaoran , Kong Peggy A.
Published: September 2023

Anti-Asian scapegoating, sentiment, and hate have caused devastating psychological and behavioral challenges among Asians and Asian Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic. This case study aims to understand Asians’ and Asian Americans’ experiences of racial discrimination during the pandemic, examine their reflections on the impacts of anti-Asian racism on their emotions and coping, and explore their perspectives on teaching Asian American history in combating anti-Asian racism. The results of this study showed that the participants articulated an array of profound emotional challenges in response to the deleterious effects of personal and vicarious experiences of racism. They used varied coping strategies, exhibiting heightened vigilance and intentional proactive measures to protect themselves and their communities against anti-Asian racism. The participants also underscored the intersectionality between race and gender, highlighting the vulnerability of Asian women. Additionally, the participants advocated for the inclusion of Asian American history in the school curriculum to dismantle and disrupt systematic racism. This study reveals the emotional and behavioral effects of anti-Asian racism on Asian and Asian American individuals and communities. It illustrates the crucial role of amplifying Asian and Asian American voices in the school curriculum in combating anti-Asian racism beyond the pandemic.
PIRB: Privacy-Preserving Identity-Based Redactable Blockchains with Accountability
Authors: Xu Yuhua , Li Zihan
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving identity-based redactable blockchain (PIRB), the first identity-based redactable blockchain that supports flexible policies while maintaining accountability. Based on digital identities, PIRB enables a knowledge owner to set one policy for a batch of users while preserving policy privacy. Furthermore, similar to state-of-the-art solutions, PIRB draws inspiration from the proxy re-encryption technique to enforce user accountability. The design of PIRB entails addressing two primary technical challenges: firstly, achieving a flexible policy while upholding policy privacy; secondly, establishing accountability measures. To tackle the former challenge, we propose an enhanced identity-based encryption scheme that integrates polynomial function techniques. To address the latter challenge, a distinct identifier is generated for each user and subsequently concealed within the user’s secret key. Specifically, following existing schemes, we present the first scheme PIRB-I to cater to one-way access control scenarios, empowering owners to define access policies for designated editors. Additionally, recognizing the needs on the editor side for owner selection, we enhance PIRB-I through the introduction of matchmaking encryption, thereby supporting bilateral access control in a framework denoted as the second scheme PIRB-II. Notably, PIRB-I and PIRB-II involve a trade-off between computational and communication complexities. Specifically, when contrasted with PIRB-I, PIRB-II facilitates editors in owner selection, thereby mitigating editors’ communication overheads at the cost of increased computational overheads during policy generation and matching. Theoretical analysis demonstrates the inherent trade-off complexity and the resilience exhibited by PIRB-I and PIRB-II against chosen-plaintext attacks. Extensive experimentation on the FISCO blockchain shows that, compared with the state-of-the-art works, PIRB-I and PIRB-II achieve 200 times and 100 times computational efficiency improvements and 50 times and 60 times communication efficiency improvements on average, respectively.
RGB Camera-Based Blood Pressure Measurement Using U-Net Basic Generative Model
Authors: Kim Seunghyun , Lim Hyeji , Baek Junho , Lee Eui Chul
Published: September 2023

Blood pressure is a fundamental health metric widely employed to predict cardiac diseases and monitor overall well-being. However, conventional blood pressure measurement methods, such as the cuff method, necessitate additional equipment and can be inconvenient for regular use. This study aimed to develop a novel approach to blood pressure measurement using only an RGB camera, which promises enhanced convenience and accuracy. We employed the U-Net Basic generative model to achieve our objectives. Through rigorous experimentation and data analysis, our approach demonstrated promising results, attaining BHS (British Hypertension Society) baseline performance with grade A accuracy for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and grade C accuracy for systolic blood pressure (SBP). The mean absolute error (MAE) achieved for DBP was 4.43 mmHg, and for SBP, it was 6.9 mmHg. Our findings indicate that blood pressure measurement using an RGB camera shows significant potential and may be utilized as an alternative or supplementary method for blood pressure monitoring. The convenience of using a commonly available RGB camera without additional specialized equipment can empower individuals to track their blood pressure regularly and proactively predict potential heart-related issues.
Influence of Thermionic Emission on He Ionization and Plasma Enhancement in Thermionic Energy Conversion
Authors: Ji Cong , Gu Fan
Published: September 2023

In this paper, the influence of thermionic emission on He ionization and plasma enhancement in thermionic energy conversion (TEC) are studied by experiment and numerical simulation. A 1D unsteady plasma TEC model, which includes a He ionization model, plasma conservation equations, and a thermionic emission formula for the wall, is developed. A He plasma thermionic energy conversion device composed of a barium–tungsten cathode and a tungsten anode is established. The volt–ampere curves of the He plasma TEC device are measured at 1050 K, 1150 K, 1250 K, 1300 K, and 1350 K temperatures. Both important cathode parameters, work function and emission area, are estimated. Based on the modelling simulation and the experiment, the He ionization mechanism in plasma TEC is discovered. The effects of cathode temperature on several distributions of plasma reaction rates, particle number density, and potential in He plasma TEC are described. Some important parameters, including electron mobility, resistivity, and plasma equilibrium are analyzed. The relationship of thermionic emission on plasma enhancement to the output power of plasma TEC is presented. The output powers of plasma TEC and vacuum TEC are compared at various cathode temperatures. A dimensionless analyzing method concerning thermionic emission intensity and plasma enhancement power is proposed. A brief dimensionless relationship is deduced regarding thermionic emission intensity and the plasma enhancement contribution of TEC. The principles and methods for quantitative calculations concerning the output power of plasma TEC under the action of thermionic emission are established. It is possible to do quantitative research on the effects of thermionic emission on plasma-enhanced TEC.
The Application of Barocaloric Solid-State Cooling in the Cold Food Chain for Carbon Footprint Reduction
Authors: Cirillo Luca , Greco Adriana , Masselli Claudia
Published: September 2023

In this paper, the application of solid-state cooling based on the barocaloric effect in the cold food supply chain is investigated. Barocaloric solid-state technology is applied to the final links of the cold food supply chain regarding the steps of retail and domestic conservation. In this context, effective barocaloric cooling entails the refrigeration of food at 5 °C (273 K) and as such is a promising cooling technology due to its energy efficiency and environmental friendliness. The categories of food involved in this investigation are meat and fresh food products like soft cheese, yogurt, and milk. The energy performance of the barocaloric system is analyzed and compared with a commercial vapor compression refrigerator of a similar size, both operating using R600a under the same working conditions. Based on the results of this comparison, it is concluded that barocaloric cooling is a favorable technology for application in the final links of the cold food supply chain if the system operates in an ABR cycle at frequencies between 1.25 and 1.50 Hz with a regenerator comprising acetoxy silicone rubber as the solid-state refrigerant and a 50%EG–50% water mixture as the heat transfer fluid flowing at an optimal velocity of 0.15 m s−1. Thus, an appropriate tradeoff between the temperature span, cooling power, and coefficient of performance is guaranteed. Under these conditions, the barocaloric system outperforms the domestic vapor compression cooler operating using R600a.
Legacy Well Leakage Risk Analysis at the Farnsworth Unit Site
Authors: Chu Shaoping , Viswanathan Hari , Moodie Nathan
Published: September 2023

This paper summarizes the results of the risk analysis and characterization of the CO2 and brine leakage potential of Farnsworth Unit (FWU) site wells. The study is part of the U.S. DOE’s National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP) program, which aims to quantitatively evaluate long-term environmental risks under conditions of significant geologic uncertainty and variability. To achieve this, NRAP utilizes risk assessment and computational tools specifically designed to quantify uncertainties and calculate the risk associated with geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration. For this study, we have developed a workflow that utilizes physics-based reservoir simulation results as input to perform leakage calculations using NRAP Tools, specifically NRAP-IAM-CS and RROM-Gen. These tools enable us to conduct leakage risk analysis based on ECLIPSE reservoir simulation results and to characterize wellbore leakage at the Farnsworth Unit Site. We analyze the risk of leakage from both individual wells and the entire field under various wellbore integrity distribution scenarios. The results of the risk analysis for the leakage potential of FWU wells indicate that, when compared to the total amount of CO2 injected, the highest cemented well integrity distribution scenario (FutureGen high flow rate) exhibits approximately 0.01% cumulative CO2 leakage for a 25-year CO2 injection duration at the end of a 50-year post-injection monitoring period. In contrast, the highest possible leakage scenario (open well) shows approximately 0.1% cumulative CO2 leakage over the same time frame.
Energy Recovery from Pumpkin Peel Using Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis
Authors: Allende Scarlett , Brodie Graham , Jacob Mohan V.
Published: September 2023

The significant quantities of food waste that require disposal have a high environmental impact, and the depletion of non-renewable fuel sources has heightened the need to investigate sustainable and efficient methods of biomass conversion into energy. This research focuses on utilising pumpkin peel as a feedstock for energy recovery through microwave pyrolysis under different operating conditions. The study demonstrated that a higher biochar yield (11 wt%) was achieved at 0.9 kW. However, results revealed that superior quality biochar was obtained at 1.2 kW, characterized by high carbon content (70.33%), low oxygen content (23%), and significant pore formation in the carbon surface area. Optimal operating conditions, such as 1.2 kW, resulted in superior quality biochar and higher bio-oil generation. The pumpkin peel demonstrated the potential for CO2 (carbon dioxide) sequestration, with a rate of 14.29 g CO2 eq/kg. The research findings contribute to the exploration of sustainable solutions for biomass conversion and emphasize the importance of utilizing food waste for energy production while mitigating environmental impacts.
The Research Agenda on Smart Grids: Foresights for Social Acceptance
Authors: Senyapar Hafize Nurgul Durmus , Bayindir Ramazan
Published: September 2023

The “smart grid” (SG) refers to an advanced electricity grid system that possesses the capability to effectively co-ordinate the activities of all its connected users, encompassing both energy producers and consumers, with the primary objective of ensuring the provision of a reliable, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable electricity supply while also prioritizing security measures. Research on the adoption of SG technology holds significant academic value as it addresses the crucial issue of user resistance, which can impede or postpone the progress of SG initiatives. In this paper, bibliographic data obtained from Web of Science and Scopus documents on SGs are analyzed with two complementary methods of bibliometric and thematic analysis. The findings revealed that academic production in the field is in step with renewable energy use but tends to diminish. The authors, publications, and countries that shape the field have been identified. The in-depth thematic analysis uncovered that safety concerns, artificial intelligence, and electric vehicles are the main areas of study, and economic benefits are found to be more effective than environmental concerns in SG technology’s social adoption. Studies and policies on SGs should consider the shift in consumer and producer roles. By comprehensively examining the literature on the social aspects of SGs, which is an oft-neglected area, this study aimed to provide researchers and policymakers with fresh perspectives on how to expedite the adoption of this innovative technology, thereby facilitating the transition towards a sustainable, environmentally conscious, and fair energy system.
Suitability and Energy Sustainability of Atmospheric Water Generation Technology for Green Hydrogen Production
Authors: Cattani Lucia , Cattani Paolo , Magrini Anna , Figoni Roberto , Dondi Daniele , Vadivel Dhanalakshmi
Published: September 2023

This research investigated the suitability of air-to-water generator (AWG) technology to address one of the main concerns in green hydrogen production, namely water supply. This study specifically addresses water quality and energy sustainability issues, which are crucial research questions when AWG technology is intended for electrolysis. To this scope, a reasoned summary of the main findings related to atmospheric water quality has been provided. Moreover, several experimental chemical analyses specifically focused on meeting electrolysis process requirements, on water produced using a real integrated AWG system equipped with certified materials for food contact, were discussed. To assess the energy sustainability of AWGs in green hydrogen production, a case study was presented regarding an electrolyzer plant intended to serve as energy storage for a 2 MW photovoltaic field on Iriomote Island. The integrated AWG, used for the water quality analyses, was studied in order to determine its performance in the specific island climate conditions. The production exceeded the needs of the electrolyzer; thus, the overproduction was considered for the panels cleaning due to the high purity of the water. Due to such an operation, the efficiency recovery was more than enough to cover the AWG energy consumption. This paper, on the basis of the quantity results, provides the first answers to the said research questions concerning water quality and energy consumption, establishing the potential of AWG as a viable solution for addressing water scarcity, and enhancing the sustainability of electrolysis processes in green hydrogen production.
Methane Pyrolysis with the Use of Plasma: Review of Plasma Reactors and Process Products
Authors: Wnukowski Mateusz
Published: September 2023

With the increasing role of hydrogen in the global market, new ways of hydrogen production are being sought and investigated. One of the possible solutions might be the plasma pyrolysis of methane. This approach provides not only the desired hydrogen, but also valuable carbon-containing products, e.g., carbon black of C2 compounds. This review gathers information from the last 20 years on different reactors that were investigated in the context of methane pyrolysis, emphasizing the different products that can be obtained through this process.
Effect of the Solid Particle Diameter on Frictional Loss and Heat Exchange in a Turbulent Slurry Flow: Experiments and Predictions in a Vertical Pipe
Authors: Bartosik Artur S.
Published: September 2023

The study deals with experiments and predictions on turbulent flow and heat exchange in a fully developed slurry flow in a vertical upward pipe. Four slurries were considered: two with glass spheres particles with diameters of 0.125 mm and 0.240 mm, respectively, and two with sand spheres particles with diameters of 0.470 mm and 0.780 mm, respectively. The volume concentration of the particles was changed in the range of 10% to 40%. This study has indirectly demonstrated the existence of turbulence suppression to a degree dependent on the diameter of the solid particles. A mathematical model for heat transfer between slurry and pipe was developed using the two-equation turbulence model and a specially designed wall function, including particle diameter and solid concentration. The model assumed a constant wall temperature and heat flux. The study’s objective was to determine the influence of the diameter of the solid particles on the heat exchange. The Nusselt number was found to change sinusoidal, reaching a maximum for a slurry with d = 0.125 mm, and a minimum for d = 0.470 mm. The higher the solid concentration, the lower the Nusselt number. The novelty and value of this study lies in the deeper characterisation and understanding of the influence of the diameter of solid particles on heat exchange.