bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
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Authors: Polaschegg Andrea
Published: November 2019

Tracing the transformations phenomenological thought underwent in the sphere of literary studies after the 1930s, the paper outlines the epistemological potential of this tradition in regards to a proper understanding of the phenomenon ›text‹. Proceeding from reflections on the agonal relation between structuralistic and phenomenological traditions within contemporary literary theory, the article focuses on Husserl’s apprehension of texts as being »objects in procedure« by exploring the impact of this idea on the literary theories of Ingarden, Wellek, and Iser. In light of the - largely forgotten - fact that Karl Bühler’s pioneering Language Theory (1934) is mainly based on phenomenological thinking, the paper finally discusses to what extend Bühler’s idea of verbal expressions figuring as effective events could open a new space for the development of a literary theory of texts within recent debates on the »media of literature«.
CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS A COMUNICAÇÃO COMO FERRAMENTA NO ATENDIMENTO HUMANIZADO
Authors: De Araujo Renato Lima , Da Silva Luciana Andrade
Published: November 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a importância da comunicação em cuidados paliativos como ferramenta para um atendimento humanizado. Para tanto, utilizou-se como método de pesquisa a revisão bibliográfica. Foi pesquisado publicações no período de 2014 a 2019, onde foram selecionados 12 artigos que atenderam os critérios de inclusão. Dada a importância dos cuidados paliativos, percebeu-se que no Brasil temos problemas desde a formação do profissional de saúde até a sua atuação. Nota-se que a comunicação é essencial para um atendimento humanizado e que o seu uso correto deve e pode trazer resultados positivos para o paciente, equipe que o assiste e seus familiares.
Automatic Detection of Geoelectric Boundaries According to Lateral Logging Sounding Data by Applying a Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Loginov G.N. , Petrov A.M.
Published: November 2019

—Lateral logging sounding (LLS) is currently the only widely used Russian method of resistivity measurements, sensitive to vertical electrical resistivity in vertical wells. However, interpreting data measured by this method in thin-layered sections is difficult and requires the utilization of resource-intensive numerical simulation algorithms. Today, the development of computational methods and an increase in computer performance allow us to invert LLS data in the class of two-dimensional axisymmetric models. However, in virtue of the large number of difficulties associated with the nonlocal responses of the probes and their asymmetry, this process requires the active participation of a log analyst. One of the first issues is the creation of an initial approximation of the geoelectric model. It consists in splitting the target interval into layers within which the properties of the medium can be considered constant in the vertical direction, since LLS signals have a very complex shape in the intervals of alternation of beds with different resistivities. We propose applying a fully connected convolutional artificial neural network to automatically create sectional layering suitable for constructing the initial approximation of the geoelectric model for two-dimensional LLS data inversion, including vertical resistivity estimation. The neural network was trained and tested on the synthetic and field data measured in West Siberia. Based on the results of the testing, we established the workability of the proposed approach.
Representaciones de la vida rural: una comprensión de lo ambiental desde la cotidianidad.
Authors: Nieto-Terán Yanis Arahis
Published: November 2019

En el contexto rural, los habitantes poseen saberes producto de las generaciones, los que descubren en su diario vivir y otros heredados de la modernidad, los cuales se pueden entremezclar, reproducir, reemplazar o transformar, puesto que la dinámica cotidiana así lo permite, lo cual también se evidencia en el ámbito educativo donde los saberes se hacen cambiantes y fluyen entre currículos oficiales y la práctica, que de manera rutinaria penetran el conocimiento, el modo de vida y la cultura que a diario transcurre en espacios rurales. No obstante, lo rural contiene un conjunto de posibilidades y potencialidades, sociales, económicas, culturales, políticas y ambientales que dan cabida a la investigación social. De allí la importancia de centrarse en un lugar donde interactúan de manera especial el ser humano, la naturaleza y la cultura, que es muestra de abundantes recursos naturales, a la vez susceptibles a la problemática ambiental local y global. Ante este escenario se plantea reconstruir la vida rural cotidiana a los fines de comprender lo ambiental. Se plantea el esquema paradigmático en ocho planos: el axiológico, muestra la ética de investigación; el ontológico presenta el abordaje del objeto de estudio; en el plano histórico contextual se desarrolló un análisis diacrónico; el epistemológico incluye los paradigma que fundamentan el estudio; el teórico incluye como aspectos de interés la ecología social, la microsociología y la teoría de las representaciones sociales; y el metodológico especifica acerca de la etnografía como método; los hallazgos y la teorización contiene la interpretación y el análisis de los resultados. Se exponen las consideraciones finales donde se destaca que el paradigma predominante es el antropocéntrico porque prevalecen las prácticas utilitarias-economicistas. Por último, se presenta el plano referido a los fundamentos pedagógicos.
La gerencia investigativa universitaria desde la perspectiva de las universidades y organismos de investigación venezolanos.
Authors: Rangel-Toloza Zulay
Published: November 2019

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito generar una teoría para la gerencia investigativa universitaria, desde la perspectiva de las universidades y organismos de investigación venezolanos, con el fin de incentivar y mejorar la gestión de la investigación. Así como orientar el proceso de investigación en las universidades, como elemento básico para la generación de conocimiento en función del entorno social y buscar la solución a los problemas en las comunidades, incrementar el libre pensamiento donde converjan el diálogo, la participación, la colaboración, la cooperación y la inclusión, adoptando una actitud proactiva acorde con la realidad universitaria nacional y regional. El estudio se enmarcó en la metodología cualitativa, orientado por un estudio fenomenológico hermenéutico interpretativo, donde se describen e interpretan los estados de conciencia o experiencias de los informantes claves seleccionados, con la finalidad de conocer la realidad actual de la gerencia de los procesos investigativos en las universidades venezolanas seleccionadas. En el desarrollo del estudio se constató la necesidad de establecer una verdadera cultura investigativa acorde con las áreas estratégicas de desarrollo emergente del Estado venezolano.
El consumo responsable: educar para la sostenibilidad ambiental.
Authors: Nubia-Arias Blanca
Published: November 2019

En tiempos de cambio climático urge una comprensión integral de los procesos generadores de los desequilibrios ambientales del planeta. Además de la gran influencia de los gases de efecto invernadero en el calentamiento global de la atmosfera es importante valorar, dentro de las contribuciones contaminantes, el uso irresponsable de los recursos naturales para satisfacer necesidades fatuas de consumo, mucho más allá de las necesidades esenciales para el ser humano. Revertir el estado actual de amenaza de la biosfera, y del hombre mismo, requiere una transformación urgente y profunda del modelo energético mundial y de los patrones voraces de consumo de recursos y servicios ambientales. La educación para la sostenibilidad se erige como un enfoque pertinente para la transformación de los modelos mentales de la población sustentada en los valores, la concienciación, la responsabilidad social y generacional y, sobre todo en la pervivencia del homo sapiens sobre la tierra.
The Effect of Interval Training Program on Nuclear Factor Erythroid-Derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2/Nrf2) Gene Expression in Women
Authors: AKPINAR Neşe
Published: November 2019

Purpose in this work, to investigate whether interval training program has an effect on Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2/Nrf2) gene expression in women.The research was made on 12 women. Participants were given a medium-term interval training program for 8 weeks, 3 days a week. The  blood samples of the participants were collected before and after the 8 weeks of training. RNA isolation was performed using TRIzol Reagent from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. NFE2L2 gene expression was determined by Biomark Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR). The participants  was a significant increase in heart rate and maximal oxygen use capacity (VO2 max ) after the exercise (p <0.001). There was a significant decrease in the body weight and body mass index of women after the exercise (p <0.001). There was a decrease in NFE2L2 gene expressions after 8 weeks of the training program (p <0.05,). It shows that interval exercise reduces NFE2L2 gene expression in women.
Pharmacology through Play: using Lego® to revise core concepts for undergraduates
Authors: Kirby Brian P , Pawlikowska Teresa
Published: November 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background: Pharmacology, while critical knowledge for healthcare professionals, is often viewed by students as dry and difficult to understand. We sought to examine the student acceptability of a Lego®-based learning session, in an attempt to improve pharmacology learning. Methods: In line with constructivist theories, students were facilitated to build, in small groups, their own Lego® shape to represent an area of core pharmacology and to use this to explain the concept to other students (e.g. agonist-receptor interactions). The validated Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) was used to gauge students' ideas on the session. Multiple choice questions were used before and after the session to evaluate knowledge. Results: Most students were positive regarding the session, finding it enjoyable, relevant for their learning and even recommending it be used to explore more complex areas of pharmacology. In addition, there was a significant increase in the MCQ scores following the session. Conclusions: This study used constructivist theory to develop a novel teaching intervention to create a more student-centred, active learning environment. This effective low-cost method could be applied to other teaching programmes to enhance student learning.
A case study on the applicability of elastic velocity models to hydrate-bearing sediments
Authors: Liu Shengbiao , Meng Qingsheng
Published: November 2019

Acoustic properties play an important role in the identification of natural gas hydrate resources, the estimation of their potential yield and the evaluation of soil stabilisation during exploration. Physical properties, such as hydrate saturation, porosity and clay content, are dominant factors that affect the acoustic properties of sediments. When considering these properties, the modified Biot–Gassmann theory of Lee (BGTL), the effective-medium theory (EMT) and the Frenkel–Gassmann equation (FG) are adopted to show the characteristics of compressional and shear wave velocities due to variation of the physical properties of different sediments. The results show that hydrate saturation has the highest sensitivity in the three models, followed by the porosity and clay content. To evaluate the applicability of different models, the data from two case studies are compared – actual survey data from the site995 stations and 2L-38 logging. The results indicate that the BGTL and EMT models are more suitable for hydrate-bearing sediments with a hydrate saturation less than 10%, a clay content of 50–70% and a porosity of 60–70%, while the FG model is more suitable for hydrate-bearing sediments with a hydrate saturation of 30–70%, a clay content of 30–60% and a porosity of 30–50%.
test v1
Authors: not provided Mariia
Published: November 2019

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Age Specifics of Role-Playing with Play Tools in Preschool Children
Authors: Ryabkova I.A. , Smirnova E.O. , Sheina E.G.
Published: November 2019

This paper is part of a larger research focused on observations of preschool children in free make-believe play with different objects. This paper presents the outcomes of observations of children’s play with toys that imitate real objects (cups, swords, irons and so on).The dynamics of play activity in different age groups (3, 4, 5 and 6 years) is shown. In the two younger groups, role renaming is extremely rare and is accompanied by play actions, while children do not change their appearance in accordance with the role. From the age of 5, the number of renaming increases sharply: two-thirds of children call themselves some kind of a role name, many dress up, and the vast majority plays a role. At 6 years, there is a slight decline in the number of children with role renaming and a slight increase in the number of children who change their appearance as compared to 5-year-olds.In the environment with toys imitating real objects, the role emerges in response to toys, which significantly differs from how the role appears in the environment with open-ended materials. The paper describes the roles that were employed in the play with toys.
Cross-Impact of Self-Assessments of Attractiveness, Its Contribution to Social Status and Self-Attitude in Students
Authors: Labunskaya V.A.
Published: November 2019

The problem of ‘self-attitude — attitude to appearance’ is considered from various perspectives in modern studies, but the issue of the strength of their mutual impact remains unclear. The aim of the study was to determine the relationships between self-attitude and the components of an individual’s attitude to his/her appearance and compare the intensity of their mutual influence. The study considers self-assessments of attractiveness as the component of one’s attitude towards his/her appearance; the impact of one’s attractiveness on his/her social status is considered an indicator emphasizing the influence of the appearance on the individual’s life. The study involved 180 students aged 18—25 years (M age =22); 57% females and 43% males. The following techniques were used: 1) “Self-Attitude Exploration Technique” by S.R. Panteleyev; integral types of self-attitude are considered: ‘Self-respect’, ‘Autosympathy’, ‘Inner Turmoil /Stability’; 2) scales developed by V.A. Labunskaya: self-assessments of attractiveness, assessment of the influence of attractiveness of social status. The comparative analysis of the cross-impact of the factors showed that self-assessments of attractiveness have a greater effect on the types of self-attitudes in students (p≤0,05; 0,00) as compared to the impacts of self-attitude on self-assessments of attractiveness and its influence on social satus.
Unsupervised Learning Used in Automatic Detection and Classification of Ambient‐Noise Recordings from a Large‐N Array
Authors: Chamarczuk Michał , Nishitsuji Yohei , Malinowski Michał , Draganov Deyan
Published: November 2019

We present a method for automatic detection and classification of seismic events from continuous ambient‐noise (AN) recordings using an unsupervised machine‐learning (ML) approach. We combine classic and recently developed array‐processing techniques with ML enabling the use of unsupervised techniques in the routine processing of continuous data. We test our method on a dataset from a large‐number (large‐N) array, which was deployed over the Kylylahti underground mine (Finland), and show the potential to automatically process and cluster the volumes of AN data. Automatic sorting of detected events into different classes allows faster data analysis and facilitates the selection of desired parts of the wavefield for imaging (e.g., using seismic interferometry) and monitoring. First, using array‐processing techniques, we obtain directivity, location, velocity, and frequency representations of AN data. Next, we transform these representations into vector‐shaped matrices. The transformed data are input into a clustering algorithm (called k‐means) to define groups of similar events, and optimization methods are used to obtain the optimal number of clusters (called elbow and silhouette tests). We use these techniques to obtain the optimal number of classes that characterize the AN recordings and consequently assign the proper class membership (cluster) to each data sample. For the Kylylahti AN, the unsupervised clustering produced 40 clusters. After visual inspection of events belonging to different clusters that were quality controlled by the silhouette method, we confirm the reliability of 10 clusters with a prediction accuracy higher than 90%. The obtained division into separate seismic‐event classes proves the feasibility of the unsupervised ML approach to advance the automation of processing and the utilization of array AN data. Our workflow is very flexible and can be easily adapted for other input features and classification algorithms.
Ruta de aprendizaje de gestión del conocimiento en fundaciones empresariales
Authors: Sinisterra-Núñez. Amin , Osorio-Bayter Lourdes Eugenia , Gabalán-Coello Jesús , Vásquez-Rizo Fredy Eduardo
Published: November 2019

Este artículo presenta el diseño de una ruta de aprendi­zaje para la gestión del conocimiento en fundaciones em­presariales con intervención en el departamento del Valle del Cauca (Colombia). Dicha ruta implica previamente una claridad conceptual y una indagación a 11 fundacio­nes frente al tema, para poder establecer sus diferentes fases de conformación, las cuales involucran el diagnós­tico inicial del conocimiento (caracterización del estado actual), un mapeo de dicho conocimiento (identificación de caminos de flujo), la tipificación del talento humano disponible (capital humano responsable de la gestión) y los mecanismos para la transferencia de conocimiento (in­volucrando actividades de identificación, sistematización, procesamiento, almacenamiento y comunicación). Lo an­terior con la intención de democratizar el conocimiento existente en la relación empresa-fundación-comunidad y generar valor agregado a través de la implementación de este tipo de metodologías, enmarcadas en la presente sociedad del conocimiento.
Formation of the reverse flow of energy in a sharp focus
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Kotlyar V.V. ,   Samara National Research University, Stafeev S.S. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University, Nalimov A.G. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University, Kovalev A.A. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University
Published: November 2019

It was theoretically shown that in the interference pattern of four plane waves with specially selected directions of linear polarization it is formed a reverse flow of energy. The areas of direct and reverse flow alternate in a staggered order in the cross section of the interference pattern. The absolute value of the reverse flow directly depends on the angle of convergence of the plane waves (on the angle between the wave vector and the optical axis) and reach the maximum at an angle of convergence close to 90 degrees. The right-handed triples of the vectors of four plane waves (the wave vector with positive values of projection to optical axis and the vector of electric and magnetic fields) when added in certain areas of the interference pattern form an electromagnetic field described by the left-handed triple of vectors; however, the projection of wave vector to optical axis has negative values. In these areas, the light propagates in the opposite direction. A similar explanation of the mechanism of the formation of a reverse flow can be applied to the case of a sharp focusing of a laser beam with a second-order polarization singularity. It is also shown that if a spherical dielectric Rayleigh nanoparticle is placed in the backflow region, then a force directed in the opposite direction will act on it (the scattering force will be more than the gradient force).
Asymmetric hypergeometric laser beams
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Kotlyar V.V. ,   Samara National Research University, Kovalev A.A. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University, Abramochkin E.G. ,   Samara Branch of P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2019

Here we study asymmetric Kummer beams (aK-beams) with their scalar complex amplitude being proportional to the Kummer function (a degenerate hypergeometric function). These beams are an exact solution of the paraxial propagation equation (Schrödinger-type equation) and obtained from the conventional symmetric hypergeometric beams by a complex shift of the transverse coordinates. On propagation, the aK-beams change their intensity weakly and rotate around the optical axis. These beams are an example of vortex laser beams with a fractional orbital angular momentum (OAM), which depends on four parameters: the vortex topological charge, the shift magnitude, the logarithmic axicon parameter and the degree of the radial factor. Changing these parameters, it is possible to control the beam OAM, either continuously increasing or decreasing it.
Design, fabrication and investigation of a subwavelength axicon for terahertz beam polarization transforming
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Khonina S.N. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Tukmakov K.N. ,   Samara National Research University,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Degtyarev S.A. ,   Samara National Research University,   IPSI RAS - Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Reshetnikov A.S. ,   Samara National Research University, Pavelyev V.S. ,   Samara National Research University,   IPSI RAS - Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Knyazev B.A. ,   Samara National Research University,   Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of SB RAS, Choporova Yu.Yu. ,   Samara National Research University,   Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of SB RAS,   Novosibirsk State University
Published: November 2019

A silicon subwavelengh terahertz axicon has been designed, fabricated, and investigated by methods of numerical and optical experiments. The research has been performed on a free-electron laser workstation NOVOFEL (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of SB RAS, Novosibirsk). Diffractive and polarization features of realized element have been investigated.
Optical, IR and THz screens based on layered metal-dielectric-semiconductor structures
Authors:   N.G. Chernyshevsky Saratov National Research State University, Davidovich M.V. ,   V.A. Kotelnikov Saratov Branch of IRE RAS,   LLC Research Production Firm “ETNA PLUS”, Kornev I.A. ,   LLC Research Production Firm “ETNA PLUS”
Published: November 2019

In this work, we consider multilayer coatings of metal-dielectric-semiconductor nanosized layers located on a transparent substrate and described on the basis of the Drude–Lorentz model that serve as multiband screen filters for different frequency ranges. Structures with several layers and quasi-periodic structures are investigated. A method of the approximate synthesis of band gap structures with two layers per period and three layers per period is proposed. For three layers, the difference in plasma frequencies allows one to extend the bands. It is shown that semiconductor layers made of narrow-band crystal materials like InSb are promising for THz-band structures with the ability to adjust the ranges by doping.
The Influence of Temperature of Gel Ageing on Synthesis and Properties of the Silicoaluminophosphate Molecular Sieve SAPO-11
Authors: Agliullin M. R. , Khairullina Z. R. , Kuvatova R. Z. , Kutepov B. I.
Published: November 2019

The influence of temperature of ageing of the initial silicoaluminophosphate gel on crystallization of the molecular sieve SAPO-11 was studied. It was established that with pseudoboehmite used as the source of aluminum, a gel containing di-n-propylamine phosphate, non-dissolved pseudoboehmite and amorphous silicoaluminophosphate was formed. Elevation of the gel ageing temperature from 25 to 90 °C was shown to result in an increase in the proportion of the amorphous phase in the gel. Crystallization of the silicoalumophosphate gel at 90 °C allowed SAPO-11 to be crystallized at high phase purity and close to 98 % crystallinity. A high activity and selectivity (86 %) of SAPO-11 to linear dimmers was observed during dimerization of α-methylstirene.
Miscanthus-Derived Boiethanol: Experience of Primary Set-Up
Authors: Baibakova O. V. , Skiba E. A. , Budaeva V. V. , Gismatulina Yu. A. , Sakovich G. V.
Published: November 2019

In industrial chemistry, there is a growing demand for the precursors obtained by bioengineering methods; particularly, bioethanol can be used for the production of ethylene. In this study, Miscanthus sacchariflorus was used for the first time as a feedstock for the production of bioethanol. The step of miscanthus chemical treatment with a 4 wt.% solution of nitric acid was successfully scaled up under the conditions of pilot-plant production; the product of nitric acid treatment (PNAT) was obtained with the yield of 37.4 % and the content of hydrolyzed components equal to 96.0 %. It was shown that the chemical pretreatment of miscanthus with nitric acid, irrespective of its breed, makes it possible to obtain substrates with close chemical compositions. The goal of the study was to perform the primary scale-up of the joint saccharification-fermentation of miscanthus-derived PNAT in an 11 L fermenter (at a scaling factor 1 : 8) with increasing the PNAT concentration from 60.0 to 90.0 g/L. Saccharification was carried out using the commercially available enzymatic preparations Cellolux-A and Bruzyme BGX, and fermentation – using the VKPM yeast strain Saccharomyces сerevisiae Y-1693. It was found that as the substrate concentration is raised from 60.0 to 90.0 g/L, the concentration of bioethanol increases by 9.5 g/L; the substrate concentration of 90.0 g/L was recommended for use in the process scale-up for the pilot-plant production. A scheme of bioethanol production yielding 202 L of bioethanol from ton of miscanthus was proposed.
Środki pomocowe UE w finansowaniu gospodarstw rolnych – studium przypadku
Authors: Milczarek Jakub
Published: November 2019

Artykuł dotyczy znaczenia funduszy europejskich w finansowaniu gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce. W ciągu ostatnich lat, w wyniku transformacji systemowej oraz akcesji Polski w struktury Unii Europejskiej sektor rolniczy w Polsce bardzo się zmienił. Aby zachować konkurencyjność, gospodarstwa muszą nieustannie dokonywać modernizacji parku maszynowego. Środki pomocowe Unii Europejskiej są obecnie jednym z podstawowych źródeł finansowania zakupu nowych maszyn. Sektor rolniczy w Unii Europejskiej traktowany jest priorytetowo. Każdego roku połowa budżetu Unii Europejskiej przeznaczana jest na finansowanie rolnictwa. Celem artykułu jest ocena wykorzystania środków pomocowych Unii Europejskiej w finansowaniu gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce.
Urinary Metabolites of Green Tea as Potential Markers of Colonization Resistance to Pathogenic Gut Bacteria in Mice
Authors: Obrenovich Mark E. , Jaskiw George Eugene , Mana Thriveen Sankar Chittoor , Bennett Christina P. , Cadnum Jennifer Cadnum , Donskey Curtis J.
Published: November 2019

Background: The gut microbiome (GMB) generates numerous chemicals that are absorbed systemically and excreted in urine. Antibiotics can disrupt the GMB ecosystem and weaken its resistance to colonization by enteric pathogens such as Clostridium difficile. If the changes in GMB composition and metabolism are sufficiently large, they can be reflected in the urinary metabolome. Characterizing these changes could provide a potentially valuable biomarker of the status of the GMB. While preliminary studies suggest such a possibility, the high level of data variance presents a challenge to translational applications. Since many GMB-generated chemicals are derived from the biotransformation of plant-derived dietary polyphenols, administering an oral precursor challenge should amplify GMB-dependent changes in urinary metabolites.Methods: A course of antibiotics (clindamycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, or aztreonam) was administered SC daily (days 1 and 2) to mice receiving polyphenol-rich green tea in drinking water. Urine was collected at baseline as well as days 3, 7, and 11. Levels of pyrogallol and pyrocatechol, two phenolic molecules unequivocally GMB-dependent in man but that had not been similarly examined in mice, were quantified.Results: In confirmation of our hypothesis, differential changes in murine urinary pyrogallol levels identified the treatments (clindamycin, piperacillin/tazobactam) previously associated with a weakening of colonization resistance to Clostridium difficile. The changes in pyrocatechol levels did not withstand corrections for multiple comparisons.Conclusions: In the mouse, urinary pyrogallol and, in all likelihood, pyrocatechol levels, are GMB-dependent and, in combination with precursor challenge, deserve further consideration as potential metabolomic biomarkers for the health and dysbiotic vulnerability of the GMB.
Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Desa Telemung, Kecamatan Kalipuro, Kabupaten Banyuwangi.
Authors: Sari Intan Puspita
Published: November 2019

ASI is an ideal source of nutrients with a balanced composition and in accordance with the growth needs of infants. The exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia has exceeded the target. However, there are still problems such as habits and beliefs in giving exclusive breastfeeding. This study aimed to describe the perceptions of the community towards exclusive breastfeeding in Telemung Village, Kalipuro District, Banyuwangi Regency. The study was conducted on July 2 to August 9, 2018. This study was a descriptive research using cross-sectional design. The sample selected by  accidental sampling technique.  The sample of this study is 80. This study reported that 88.3% respondents were female ages > 20 years old (98.8%) and ≤ 20 years old (1.3%). The majority of respondents were low educated (76.4%). The results of this study showed that 71.25% of respondents had sufficient perceptions of exclusive breastfeeding. The Study showed 58.8% of respondents agree that honey is useful for breastfeeding initiation, 37.5% of respondents agree that giving colostrum is not good for babies, 43.8% of respondents agree that formula milk can replace breast milk, and 52.5% respondents agree that breastfeeding can make a baby fat. Therefore, Puskesmas as a health care facility should improve efforts to provide information about exclusive breastfeeding through the government program PIS-PK (Indonesian Health Program With Family Approaches). Key words: Exclusive breastfeeding, nutrients, perception
ANALYSIS OF HEALTH SERVICES MAXIMUM SUPPLY IN JEMURSARI ISLAMIC HOSPITAL SURABAYA
Authors: Ayuningtyas Novia Dewi Putri
Published: November 2019

The importance of a health service  in calculating the maximum supply is to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. To achieve efficiency and effectiveness it is important to pay attention to the combination of Human Resources and other resources (Technology / Machinery). This study aims to determine the maximum capacity of services that can be provided in Medical Rehabilitation Poly, General Surgical Poly and Children Poly at Jemursari Islamic Hospital Surabaya. This research is a type of descriptive observational research. The subjects in this study were Medical Rehabilitation Poly, General Surgery Poly and Children’s Poly at Jemursari Surabaya Hospital and the object in this study was the maximum supply in providing services in each poly. There are two data used, primary data and secondary data. Secondary data obtained from secondary data of each poly in RSI Jemursari Surabaya and primary data obtained from interviews through indepth interviews to nurses in Medical Rehabilitation Poly, General Surgery Poly and Children’s Poly. The maximum supply calculation results in  Medical Rehabilitation Poly amounted to 185 patients each day, when compared with the history of poly visit rates of 81%. The results of the maximum supply calculation in General Surgical Poliywere 40 patients each day, when compared with the history of poly visit rates of 112%. The results of the maximum supply calculation in the Children’s Poly were 40 (Room A) dan 80 (Room B) patients each day, when compared to the history of poly visit rates of 125% (Room A) and 62,5% (Room B).Keywords : Hospital, Maximum Supply, Health Service
Anti Cutaneous Aging Effect of Red Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) Extract on Gene Expression of Human Dermal Fibroblast
Authors: Lin Yung-Hsiang , Lin Yung-Kai , Chan Shu-Ting , Chun Yu-Ming , Lin Yu-Ting , Kan Kai-Wen , Yu Chin-Hsiu
Published: November 2019

Red djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) is a native cereal plant in Taiwan; it contains abundant polyphenols, betalian and dietary fiber. The appearance of red djulis is bright red. Therefore, it is also called the “ruby of cereals”. The antioxidative activity of red djulis extract is well-understood. However, the antiaging function still remains unclear. This study examined the potential of red djulis extract for enhancing collagen secretion and preventing cutaneous aging using red djulis extracts. The red djulis extracts are comprised of an abundant active component that can effectively enhance the ability of collagen secretion of dermal fibroblasts, prevent the glycation of collagen and resist the damage of ultraviolet light exposure. After fibroblast treatment with red djulis extracts, TGM1, KRT1, KRT10 and SOD2 genes were up-regulated significantly by 2.3, 4.3, 4.4 and 27.3 times, respectively, compared to those of the control group. Additionally, it can increase COL1A2 gene expression by 43% and decrease MMP9 gene expression 33%. Therefore, it was demonstrated that red djulis extracts affect gene expressions related to the skin barrier, antioxidation and collagen. Moreover, we found positive effects on skin barrier integrity, endogenous antioxidant activity and skin collagen-preservation. The preparation of the red djulis extracts is environmental friendly and can promote the economic value of Chenopodium formosanum; thus, the proposed extract is suitable for applications in the development of food products, especially beverages, skin care and cosmetic products.
Comparing Milk Microbial Quality and Hygiene between Milk Processed at Home and Milk Processed by Industries in Kicukiro District, Kigali City-Rwanda
Authors: Ugochukwu Onuike Godwin , Niyibizi Jean Baptiste
Published: November 2019

Pasteurized milks are still causing food borne illness. Milk contamination can occur at any stage from its way from cow to our tables. Usually milk is pure and sterile when produced in udder of a healthy cow. Like humans, cow are reservoirs of bacteria which are harmless to humans and some cows can harbour few bacteria that are harmful to humans even though they are not harmful to the cow. Milk can be contaminated during or after milking. Also, cow feeds can be contaminated with mycotoxins such as aflatoxins produced by the fungi, Aspergillus flavus. Four types of aflatoxins are known which are; aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2. Cows comsuming feeds contaminated with aflatoxin B1 leads to secretion in the milk of aflatoxin M1 and M2 causing aflatoxicosis. Microbial contamination of milk and dairy products is a universal problem and foodborne infections accounting for 20 million cases annually in the world have been identified as an important public health and economic problem in developed as well as developing nations. The main objective of this study was to determine milk microbial quality in Kicukiro district. The specific objectives are to identify bacteria pathogens in milk collected in Kicukiro district, to compare milk quality among sectors of Kicukiro district, to compare milk processed by industries and home-processed milk. The methodology employed in this research was cross-sectional and experimental as the study began with collection of raw data and went through laboratory analysis from July–August, 2018. The findings showed that 59.56% of the milk fell within Grade I – Grade III (< 200,000 ≤ 2,000,000 cfu/ml) and 40.42 % of the milk samples were not within the acceptable limit of total count quality as per COMESA and EAS, non-lactobacilli and fungi were present in most samples as examined through microscope and no Staphylococcus aureus was present in any sample as examined by catalase and coagulase tests.
Aerosol from Biomass Combustion in Northern Europe: Influence of Meteorological Conditions and Air Mass History
Authors: Noda Jun , Bergström Robert , Kong Xiangrui , Gustafsson Torbjörn L. , Kovacevik Borka , Svane Maria , Pettersson Jan B. C.
Published: November 2019

Alkali-containing submicron particles were measured continuously during three months, including late winter and spring seasons in Gothenburg, Sweden. The overall aims were to characterize the ambient concentrations of combustion-related aerosol particles and to address the importance of local emissions and long-range transport for the atmospheric concentrations in the urban background environment. K and Na concentrations in the PM1 size range were measured by an alkali aerosol mass spectrometer (Alkali-AMS) and a cluster analysis was conducted. Local meteorological conditions and some other data sets were obtained, and back trajectory analyses and chemical transport model (CTM) simulations were included for the evaluation. The Alkali-AMS cluster analysis indicated three major clusters: 1) biomass burning origin, 2) mixture of other combustion sources, and 3) marine origin. Low temperatures and low wind speed conditions correlated with high concentrations of K-containing particles, mainly due to regional emissions from residential biomass combustion; transport of air masses from continental Europe also contribute to cluster 1. The CTM results indicate that open biomass burning in the eastern parts of Europe may have contributed substantially to high PM2.5 concentrations (and to cluster 1) during an episode in late March. According to the CTM results the mixed cluster (2) is likely to include particles emitted from different source types and no single geographical source region seems to dominate for this cluster. The back trajectory analysis and meteorological conditions indicated that the marine origin cluster was correlated with westerly winds and high wind speed; this cluster had high concentrations of Na-containing particles, as expected for sea salt particles.
Mechanisms of Deterrence: Federal Immigration Policies and the Erosion of Immigrant Children’s Rights
Authors: Roth Benjamin J. , Grace Breanne L. , Seay Kristen D.
Published: November 2019

In this commentary, we highlight the US government’s proposed changes to the Flores Settlement Agreement, a federal legal settlement from the 1990s that ensures that child welfare principles are applied to immigrant children.

We describe how Flores should be understood as mitigating child trauma by ensuring a baseline standard of treatment of immigrant children. We outline how children experience trauma throughout the migration course and argue that the proposed changes decrease standards of care through indefinite child detention, separation, and delicensing immigrant child detention facilities.

We draw on the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study to consider the effect these multiplying forms of trauma may have on children.
Is Insurance a Barrier to HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis? Clarifying the Issue
Authors: Kay Emma Sophia , Pinto Rogério M.
Published: November 2019

Clinical trials have demonstrated that preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) protects against HIV infection; yet, even with its approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2012, less than 10% of eligible users in the United States are currently taking PrEP.

While there are multiple factors that influence PrEP uptake and pose barriers to PrEP implementation, here we focus on PrEP’s cost in the United States, which, at the current list price of $2000 per month and with high levels of cost sharing, can leave insured users with more than $1000 in out-of-pocket costs every year. We discuss how patient deductibles, monthly premiums, copayments, and coinsurance vary widely and may increase the financial burden. Although drug payment-assistance programs have made PrEP more affordable to uninsured and underinsured users, lack of insurance is a barrier to PrEP accessibility. The FDA approved a generic version in 2017; however, that version has not been distributed to US consumers and may not be more affordable.

As other countries begin implementing PrEP programs, the extent of PrEP’s availability as a tool in the global fight against HIV remains to be seen.
The Olecranon Osteotomy-Facilitated Elbow Release (OFER)
Authors: Edwards Scott G. , Rhodes David A. , Jordan Thomas W. , Sietsema Debra L.
Published: November 2019

Background:

Elbow contractures can cause functional limitation, and treatment can be challenging. The purpose of this article is to describe a novel technique that releases posttraumatic elbow contractures through an olecranon osteotomy and report the outcomes.

Methods:

Thirty-five patients with refractory posttraumatic elbow contracture who underwent an olecranon osteotomy-facilitated elbow release (OFER) procedure were included in the study. The average patient age was 39.5 years (range, 18 to 63 years), and the mean duration of follow-up was 37.2 months (range, 24 to 72 months). Preoperative and postoperative data included age, sex, cause of contracture, previous surgical procedures, active elbow range of motion, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores, visual analog scale pain scores, and radiographs. Intraoperative tourniquet time and complications were recorded.

Results:

The mean preoperative elbow motion arc was 33° (51° to 84° of flexion). Postoperatively, the motion arc improved significantly (p < 0.001) to 110° (16° to 126° of flexion). The mean visual analog pain scale score improved from 6.3 preoperatively to 1.4 at the time of follow-up (p < 0.001). The mean DASH score improved from 57.5 preoperatively to 10.9 postoperatively (p < 0.001). The maximal improvement in the motion arc occurred at a mean of 8.7 weeks. There was 1 postoperative ulnar neurapraxia that resolved spontaneously. The intraoperative tourniquet time averaged 27 minutes (range, 18 to 45 minutes). The average time until radiographic evidence of union of the olecranon osteotomy site was 6.6 weeks (range, 5.7 to 7.7 weeks).

Conclusions:

The OFER is a safe and effective means of treating posttraumatic elbow contractures, and is an alternative to traditional open or arthroscopic techniques.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Continuous Posterior Lumbar Plexus Nerve Block Versus Periarticular Injection with Ropivacaine or Liposomal Bupivacaine for Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Johnson Rebecca L. , Amundson Adam W. , Abdel Matthew P. , Sviggum Hans P. , Mabry Tad M. , Mantilla Carlos B. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Pagnano Mark W. , Kopp Sandra L.
Published: November 2019

Background:

Debate surrounds the issue of whether peripheral nerve blockade or periarticular infiltration (PAI) should be employed within a contemporary, comprehensive multimodal analgesia pathway for total hip arthroplasty. We hypothesized that patients treated with a continuous posterior lumbar plexus block (PNB) would report less pain and consume less opioid medication than those treated with PAI.

Methods:

This investigator-initiated, independently funded, 3-arm randomized clinical trial (RCT) performed at a single high-volume institution compared postoperative analgesia interventions for elective, unilateral primary total hip arthroplasty: (1) PNB; (2) PAI with ropivacaine, ketorolac, and epinephrine (PAI-R); and (3) PAI with liposomal bupivacaine, ketorolac, and epinephrine (PAI-L) using computerized randomization. The primary outcome was maximum pain during the morning (06:00 to 12:00) of the first postoperative day (POD) on an ascending numeric rating scale (NRS) from 0 to 10. Pairwise treatment comparisons were performed using the rank-sum test, with a p value of <0.017 indicating significance (Bonferroni adjusted). A sample size of 150 provided 80% power to detect a difference of 2.0 NRS units.

Results:

We included 159 patients (51, 54, and 54 patients in the PNB, PAI-R, and PAI-L groups, respectively). No significant differences were found with respect to the primary end point on the morning of the first POD (median, 3.0, 4.0, and 3.0, respectively; p > 0.033 for all). Opioid consumption was low and did not differ across groups at any intervals. Median maximum pain on POD 1 was 5.0, 5.5, and 4.0, respectively, and was lower for the PAI-L group than for the PAI-R group (p = 0.006). On POD 2, maximum pain (median, 3.5, 5.0, and 3.5, respectively) was lower for the PNB group (p = 0.014) and PAI-L group (p = 0.016) compared with the PAI-R group. The PAI-L group was not significantly different from the PNB group with respect to any outcomes: postoperative opioid use including rescue intravenous opioid medication, length of stay, and hospital adverse events, and 3-month follow-up data including any complication.

Conclusions:

In this RCT, we found a modest improvement with respect to analgesia in patients receiving PNB compared with those receiving PAI-R, but not compared with those who had PAI-L. Secondary analyses suggested that PNB or PAI-L provides superior postoperative analgesia compared with PAI-R. For primary total hip arthroplasty, a multimodal analgesic regimen including PNB or PAI-L provides opioid-limiting analgesia.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.