bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurements Combination of Elastic Anisotropy and Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility on Case Study in Igneous Rock of Lava Flow Type from Ijen Volcanic Complex, East Java
Authors: Ndari N R D W , Bijaksana S , Nurhandoko B E B , Latief F D E
Published: August 2019

Research about the anisotropy parameters of rock is important for geophysical investigations. This research was a preliminary study which aims to find the relationship between elastic anisotropy and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility in igneous rock of lava flow type with MR1 code and to interpret preferred orientation in MR1 sample based on the integration of anisotropy measurement results with the supported results from micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis, petrography analysis and geological data analysis. This research has never been done before. This study was divided into several main stages consist of elastic anisotropy measurements on a cube-shaped specimen to determine the direction of maximum velocity and elastic anisotropy parameter values, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility measurements on six cylindrical specimens to determine the direction of maximum susceptibility (magnetic mineral orientation) and AMS parameter values, petrography analysis on the all sides of the cube in order to observe preferred orientation in mineral and μCT analysis in a cylindrical specimen to determine the pore trend of rock. This study showed the relationship between AMS and elastic anisotropy in MR1 sample which indicated by positive correlation between the direction of maximum susceptibility and maximum velocity. Based on the results, MR1 sample has elastic anisotropy degree ranges from 2,6 % - 6,6 % for P waves and 2,2 % - 4 % for S waves and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility degree around 2,6 % - 5,4 %. The integration of all measurement results including the direction of maximum velocity, direction of maximum susceptibility, preferred orientation in mineral, pore trend, and dip direction of sheeting joint indicate preferred orientation in MR1 sample towards NE-SW. One possible cause of such preferred orientation is the direction of the lava flow. Further studies in this topic are needed to support this hypothesis.
Coupled Hydraulic and Mechanics Finite Element Modeling of CO2 Injection into a Layered Isotropic Media Using FEHM
Authors: Haerusalam Herdis , Sahara David P. , Fatkhan
Published: August 2019

CO2 injection into the hydrocarbon reservoir affects the subsurface mechanics and hydraulic condition. The injection has to be performed in a way that there will be no reservoir and/or top seal failure. In such case, a simulation of the injected fluid propagation needs to be performed to see its possible impact to the top seal and existing major faults. We use finite element method to perform this injection simulation. In this research, we use open source software Finite Element Heat and Mass Transfer Code (FEHM) to simulate CO2 injection processes into reservoir. Subsurface geological model was constructed in a dimension of 3000 m (easting) x 3000 m (northing) x 2000 m (vertical). Vertically, it consists of four layers which represent upper layer (400 m), top seal (200 m), reservoir (900 m), and basement (500m). The grid around the reservoir rocks is refined to give more detail results. The open hole injection is set at 850 - 890 m depth, 1500 m easting and 1500 m northing. The material is assumed to be isotropic. The initial pressure and temperature increase as a function of depth with a pressure gradient of 0.00981 MPa/m and a temperature gradient of 0.025 degrees C/m. A vertical fault is modelled at 600 m eastern to the injection well. Injection process is carried out with 6 kg/s of CO2 injection with simulation time for ten years to see its impact to the fault. A vertical fault is The modelling results show that the CO2 injection will not reactivate the fault at 10 years.
A Resolution Enhancement of Rayleigh Wave Dispersive Imaging using Modified Phase-Shift Method
Authors: Lesmana Aditya , Priyono Awali , Yudistira Tedi
Published: August 2019

Multi-channel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method is an efficient tool for obtaining vertical shear wave profile. One of the key in the steps in the MASW method is generate a dispersion curves. To generate dispersion energy, the acquired shot gathers data have been transformed from the time-space (t-x) domain to the frequency-phase velocity (f-v) domain using 2D wavefield transformation so that the dispersion curve can be determined by picking the peak of dispersion energy. In this paper, we proposed a modified phase-shift method to increase the resolution of Rayleigh wave dispersive imaging so that the accuracy of the dispersion curve determination becomes higher. This method added processing step on the conventional phase-shift method. The algorithm is written in Matlab environment. We compared this method with the conventional phase-shift and frequency-wavenumber (F-K) method and applied to synthetic and real data. We used DISECA program in Matlab to generate synthetic waveforms. Our results from the synthetic and real data show that modified phase-shift method can improve the dispersion energy imaging resolution better than the conventional phase-shift and F-K method.
Adaptation of Zohdy’s Method for Controlled-Source Audio-frequency Magnetotelluric (CSAMT) Data Interpretation with Layered Model
Authors: Sumintadireja P. , Grandis H
Published: August 2019

Surveys with Controlled-Source Audio-frequency Magnetotellurics (CSAMT) are often performed in scalar mode for practical considerations. In such case, CSAMT data are obtained from electric and magnetic fields oriented along and perpendicular to the traverse line, respectively. With closely spaced sounding stations along a profile, layered or 1D model can be considered as sufficeint to obtain an overall view of the subsurface resistivity distribution in the study area. Zohdy’s method that was used to infer resistivity variation with depth from Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data is extended for CSAMT data interpretation. An initial model is determined from apparent resistivity sounding data using skin depth principle or its alternative, e.g. Bostick transform. With the number of layers equals to the number of data (in frequency or period), the discrepancy of calculated from observed data can be used to modify iteratively the layer parameters (resistivity and thickness). Preliminary tests using synthetic data associated with simple synthetic models showed satisfactory results. On-going study is still underway to assess smooth resistivity variation with depth and to correlate models from stations along a profile to obtain a quasi-2D resistivity model. Application for CSAMT data from a geothermal prospect is also sought.
Finite Element Simulation to Determine Tree Safety Factor Using Geoelectrical Mapping as an Input
Authors: Devi S , Ardianto  , Permatasari A W , Darmawan N , Widodo
Published: August 2019

The distribution of stress and strain of the root in the ground can be used to determine the stability of a tree. The distribution itself is affected by the root architectural factor, the shear and tensile strength of ground and tree, and the geometry. The root architectures are mapped using geoelectrical method. In this method we use dipole-dipole configuration. Geophysical data acquisition was carried out with 6 lines of 3 m length, 25 cm electrode spacing and radial orientation around the target tree to map the distribution of the secondary root, an also a line of 15 m length, 1 m spacing and east-west orientation to map the maximum depth of the primary root. This research is conducted in Lapangan Sipil of Institut Teknologi Bandung. Geophysical data inversion is done to get the root architecture. The geoelectric data processing is done using RES2DINV software. We obtain the shear and tensile strength of the ground from literature study. The inversion result and literature data are used as input to do finite element situation to get the distribution of stress and strain of the tree and the ground. Finally, the result of the simulation can be used to determine the safety factor of the tree in certain weather.
Preliminary Results of Subsurface Physical Properties using Resistivity Logger Prototype
Authors: Widodo  , Fatkhan  , Christy Viony Natashia , Setiawan Tedy
Published: August 2019

All geophysical techniques are depends on the existance of a contrasts in physical properties of materials. Since the complexity of the subsurface physical properties can vary, the knowledge of basic theories about it should be validated with practical skills. One effective way to improve the practical skills is by designing a small-scale instrument of well logging to identify the resistivity of the subsurface layers. In this research, a simple tunnel model is implemented in order to represent a complex geological model. Based on well-logging principles, this prototype is made to identify variations in resistivity value using a logger equipped with Wenner Array of four electrodes. An Arduino UNO microcontroller is utilized to arrange the work of the logger and programmed to process the potential values. It is obtained from the electrodes and displayed by the interface. In order to test the propotype, the air-filled tunnel models are performed. At the location near the air-filled tunnel, the resistivity log data give highest values compare any other location due to the air material. The results show that the resistivity well logging data are able to represent the air-filled tunnel model. The 3D model of well log data can identify the type of the physical properties of material in the air-filled tunnel model. Furthermore, the simple concept of this prototype can be developed for large-scale utilization.
Characterization of a novel separase-interacting protein and candidate new securin, Eip1p, in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans
Authors: Sparapani Samantha , Bachewich Catherine
Published: August 2019

Proper chromosome segregation is crucial for maintaining genomic stability and dependent on separase, a conserved and essential cohesin protease. Securins are key regulators of separases, but remain elusive in many organisms due to sequence divergence. Here, we demonstrate that the separase homologue Esp1p in the ascomycete Candida albicans, an important pathogen of humans, is essential for chromosome segregation . However, C. albicans lacks a sequence homologue of securins found in model ascomycetes. We sought a functional homologue through identifying Esp1p interacting factors. Affinity purification of Esp1p and mass spectrometry revealed Esp1p-Interacting Protein1 (Eip1p)/Orf19.955p, an uncharacterized protein specific to Candida species. Functional analyses demonstrated that Eip1p is important for chromosome segregation but not essential, and modulated in an APCCdc20-dependent manner, similar to securins. Eip1p is strongly enriched in response to methyl methanesulfate (MMS) or hydroxyurea (HU) treatment, and its depletion partially suppresses an MMS or HU-induced metaphase block. Further, Eip1p depletion reduces Mcd1p/Scc1p, a cohesin subunit and separase target. Thus, Eip1p may function as a securin. However, other defects in Eip1p-depleted cells suggest additional roles. Overall, the results introduce a candidate new securin, provide an approach for identifying these divergent proteins, reveal a putative anti-fungal therapeutic target, and highlight variations in mitotic regulation in eukaryotes.
Degradation of integral membrane proteins modified with the photosensitive degron module requires the cytosolic endoplasmic reticulum–associated degradation pathway
Authors: Scheffer Johannes , Hasenjäger Sophia , Taxis Christof
Published: August 2019

Protein quality mechanisms are fundamental for proteostasis of eukaryotic cells. Endoplasmic reticulum–associated degradation (ERAD) is a well-studied pathway that ensures quality control of secretory and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–resident proteins. Different branches of ERAD are involved in degradation of malfolded secretory proteins, depending on the localization of the misfolded part, the ER lumen (ERAD-L), the ER membrane (ERAD-M), and the cytosol (ERAD-C). Here we report that modification of several ER transmembrane proteins with the photosensitive degron (psd) module resulted in light-dependent degradation of the membrane proteins via the ERAD-C pathway. We found dependency on the ubiquitylation machinery including the ubiquitin-activating enzyme Uba1, the ubiquitin-­conjugating enzymes Ubc6 and Ubc7, and the ubiquitin–protein ligase Doa10. Moreover, we found involvement of the Cdc48 AAA-ATPase complex members Ufd1 and Npl4, as well as the proteasome, in degradation of Sec62-myc-psd. Thus, our work shows that ERAD-C substrates can be systematically generated via synthetic degron constructs, which facilitates future investigations of the ERAD-C pathway.
Cell shape and intercellular adhesion regulate mitotic spindle orientation
Authors: Li Jingchen , Cheng Longcan , Jiang Hongyuan
Published: August 2019

Cell division orientation plays an essential role in tissue morphogenesis and cell fate decision. Recent studies showed that either cell shape or adhesion geometry can regulate the orientation of mitotic spindles and thereby the cell division orientation. However, how they together regulate the spindle orientation remains largely unclear. In this work, we use a general computational model to investigate the competitive mechanism of determining the spindle orientation between cell shape and intercellular adhesion in epithelial cells. We find the spindle orientation is dominated by the intercellular adhesion when the cell shape anisotropy is small, but dominated by the cell shape when the shape anisotropy is large. A strong adhesion and moderate adhesive size can ensure the planar division of epithelial cells with large apico-basal elongation. We also find the spindle orientation could be perpendicular to the adhesive region when only one side of the cell is adhered to an E-cadherin–coated matrix. But after the cell is compressed, the spindle orientation is governed by the cell shape and the spindle will be parallel to the adhesive region when the cell shape anisotropy is large. Finally, we demonstrate the competition between cell shape and tricellular junctions can also effectively regulate the spindle orientation.
Role of the lysyl oxidase enzyme family in cardiac function and disease
Authors: Al-u’datt Doa’a , Allen Bruce G , Nattel Stanley
Published: August 2019

Heart diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) and related LOX-like (LOXL) isoforms play a vital role in remodelling the extracellular matrix (ECM). The LOX family controls ECM formation by cross-linking collagen and elastin chains. LOX/LOXL proteins are copper-dependent amine oxidases that catalyse the oxidation of lysine, causing cross-linking between the lysine moieties of lysine-rich proteins. Dynamic changes in LOX and LOXL protein-expression occur in a variety of cardiac pathologies; these changes are believed to be central to the associated tissue-fibrosis. An awareness of the potential pathophysiological importance of LOX has led to the evaluation of interventions that target LOX/LOXL proteins for heart-disease therapy. The purposes of this review article are: (i) to summarize the basic biochemistry and enzyme function of LOX and LOXL proteins; (ii) to consider their tissue and species distribution; and (iii) to review the results of experimental studies of the roles of LOX and LOXL proteins in heart disease, addressing involvement in the mechanisms, pathophysiology and therapeutic responses based on observations in patient samples and relevant animal models. Therapeutic targeting of LOX family enzymes has shown promising results in animal models, but small-molecule approaches have been limited by non-specificity and off-target effects. Biological approaches show potential promise but are in their infancy. While there is strong evidence for LOX-family protein participation in heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation and hypertension, as well as potential interest as therapeutic targets, the precise involvement of LOX-family proteins in heart disease requires further investigation.
Ruminally protected and unprotected Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products as alternatives to antibiotics in finishing beef steers1
Authors: Shen Yizhao , Davedow Taylor , Ran Tao , Saleem Atef M , Yoon Ilkyu , Narvaez Claudia , Mcallister Tim Angus , Yang Wenzhu
Published: August 2019

The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP; NaturSafe, SCFPns; and Original XPC, XPC; Diamond V) on growth performance, carcass traits, immune response, and antimicrobial resistance in beef steers fed high-grain diets. Ninety Angus steers (initial body weight [BW], 533 ± 9.8 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete design with 6 treatments (n = 15/treatment): 1) control, 2) low (12 g SCFPns·steer−1·d−1), 3) medium (15 g SCFPns·steer−1·d−1), 4) high SCFP (18 g SCFPns·steer−1·d−1), 5) encapsulated XPC (eXPC; 7 g XPC·steer−1·d−1 encapsulated with 9 g capsule material), and 6) antibiotics (ANT; 330 mg monensin + 110 mg tylosin·steer−1·d−1). Steers were fed ad libitum a diet containing 10% barley silage and 90% barley grain concentrate mix (dry matter basis) for 105 d. Increasing SCFPns tended (P < 0.09) to linearly increase feed efficiency. Average daily gain (ADG) tended (P < 0.10) to be greater in steers supplemented with eXPC than control. The SCFPns also tended (P < 0.10) to linearly increase marbling score. Proportion of severely abscessed livers tended (P < 0.10) to be lower in steers supplemented with medium and high SCFPns, eXPC, or ANT. A treatment × days on feed interaction were noticed (P < 0.01) for blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and acute phase proteins. The concentration of blood glucose responded quadratically (P < 0.05) on days 28 and 56, whereas BUN linearly (P < 0.01) increased on day 105 with increasing SCFPns dose. The SCFPns linearly increased haptoglobin (P < 0.03) and serum amyloid A (SAA;P < 0.05) concentrations on day 105, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP;P < 0.01) on days 56 and 105. The percentage of erythromycin-resistant and erythromycin + tetracycline-resistant enterococci was greater (P < 0.05) with ANT than control, SCFPns, and eXPC, whereas no difference was observed among control, SCFPns, and eXPC. No treatment effect was detected on the percentage of tetracycline-resistant enterococci. These results indicate that feeding SCFPns and eXPC was beneficial in improving ADG, feed efficiency and decreasing liver abscesses in a manner comparable to ANT. Unlike antibiotics, SCFPns or eXPC did not increase antimicrobial resistance. Both SCFPns and eXPC are potential alternatives to in-feed antibiotics.
Management of a Man With Hydrofluoric Acid Burns: A Case Report and Review
Authors: Yu Yao , Sun Ran , Gu Jia , Zhang Yisen , Tai Ningzheng
Published: August 2019

A hydrofluoric acid (HFA) burn is a severe condition with the characteristics of acute onset, rapid progression, and high complication and mortality rates. Emergency and systemic treatments are especially important for major HFA burns. The author presents the case of a 46-year-old man burned by the spillage of HFA at a high concentration (45–50%). He suffered burns over 30% of his total body area (5% deep partial-thickness burns and 25% third-degree burns). Debridement, tangential excision, and electrolyte therapy were quickly performed for urgent treatment. Symptomatic treatment was sustained to address severe complications and recurrent injury. For successful management, the patient was stabilized, and he exhibited complete wound repair after 3 months. The author summarizes severe cases of HFA burns to emphasize the difficulty of treatment. The existing approved therapies and complications are discussed, and the significance of electrolyte disorders, especially hypocalcemia, is highlighted. The pathophysiology of HFA burns and recommendations for the treatment of HFA burns at different sites are presented to provide a relatively complete treatment guideline focused on electrolyte disorders.
Factors associated with the weight of individual primal cuts and their inter-relationship in cattle
Authors: Judge Michelle M , Pabiou Thierry , Conroy Stephen , Fanning Rory , Kinsella Martin , Aspel Diarmaid , Cromie Andrew R , Berry Donagh P
Published: August 2019

Input parameters for decision support tools are comprised of, amongst others, knowledge of the associated factors and the extent of those associations with the animal-level feature of interest. The objective of the present study was to quantify the association between animal-level factors with primal cut yields in cattle and to understand the extent of the variability in primal cut yields independent carcass weight. The data used consisted of the weight of 14 primal carcass cuts (as well as carcass weight, conformation, and fat score) on up to 54,250 young cattle slaughtered between the years 2013 and 2017. Linear mixed models, with contemporary group of herd-sex-season of slaughter as a random effect, were used to quantify the associations between a range of model fixed effects with each primal cut separately. Fixed effects in the model were dam parity, heterosis coefficient, recombination loss, a covariate per breed representing the proportion of Angus, Belgian Blue, Charolais, Jersey, Hereford, Limousin, Simmental, and Holstein–Friesian and a three-way interaction between whether the animal was born in a dairy or beef herd, sex, and age at slaughter, with or without carcass weight as a covariate in the mixed model. The raw correlations among all cuts were all positive varying from 0.33 (between the bavette and the striploin) to 0.93 (between the topside and knuckle). The partial correlation among cuts, following adjustment for differences in carcass weight, varied from −0.36 to 0.74. Age at slaughter, sex, dam parity, and breed were all associated (P < 0.05) with the primal cut weight. Knowledge of the relationship between the individual primal cuts, and the solutions from the models developed in the study, could prove useful inputs for decision support systems to increase performance.
The Atoxigenic Biocontrol Product Aflasafe SN01 Is a Valuable Tool to Mitigate Aflatoxin Contamination of Both Maize and Groundnut Cultivated in Senegal
Authors: Senghor L. A. , Ortega-Beltran A. , Atehnkeng J. , Callicott K. A. , Cotty P. J. , Bandyopadhyay R.
Published: August 2019

Aflatoxin contamination of groundnut and maize infected by Aspergillus section Flavi fungi is common throughout Senegal. The use of biocontrol products containing atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains to reduce crop aflatoxin content has been successful in several regions, but no such products are available in Senegal. The biocontrol product Aflasafe SN01 was developed for use in Senegal. The four active ingredients of Aflasafe SN01 are atoxigenic A. flavus genotypes native to Senegal and distinct from active ingredients used in other biocontrol products. Efficacy tests on groundnut and maize in farmers’ fields were carried out in Senegal during the course of 5 years. Active ingredients were monitored with vegetative compatibility analyses. Significant (P < 0.05) displacement of aflatoxin producers occurred in all years, districts, and crops. In addition, crops from Aflasafe SN01-treated fields contained significantly (P < 0.05) fewer aflatoxins both at harvest and after storage. Most crops from treated fields contained aflatoxin concentrations permissible in both local and international markets. Results suggest that Aflasafe SN01 is an effective tool for aflatoxin mitigation in groundnut and maize. Large-scale use of Aflasafe SN01 should provide health, trade, and economic benefits for Senegal.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Genetics of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: insights into disease pathogenesis
Authors: Rothwell Simon , Chinoy Hector , Lamb Janine A.
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review

To review the advances that have been made in our understanding of the genetics of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) in the past 2 years, with a particular focus on dermatomyositis and polymyositis.

Recent findings

Fine-mapping studies in the major histocompatibility complex region in Caucasian and Korean populations have identified novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variants that are associated with autoantibody subgroups in IIM. Differences in HLA associations have been identified between Caucasian adult-onset and juvenile-onset patients with anti-TIF1 autoantibodies, suggesting distinct aetiologies in these patients. For some autoantibodies, the strongest associations identified are specific amino acid positions within HLA molecules, providing mechanistic insights into disease pathogenesis.

A meta-analysis combining data from four seropositive rheumatic diseases identified 22 novel non-HLA associations in IIM, of which seven were previously reported at suggestive significance in IIM. A genome-wide association study conducted in the Japanese population identified a significant association withWDFY4in patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis.

Considerable progress has been made in understanding the genetics of IIM, including differences in clinical and autoantibody subgroups. As research continues, there should be a focus to increase statistical strength and precision by conducting meta-analyses and trans-ethnic studies.
Detection and classification of systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease: a review
Authors: DeMizio Daniel J. , Bernstein Elana J.
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous disease with a variable disease course. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with SSc. The present review highlights recent advances in the classification, diagnosis, and early detection of SSc-associated ILD (SSc-ILD).

Recent findings

Risk stratification through measurement of disease extent on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest, longitudinal declines in pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and mortality prediction models have formed the basis for classifying clinically significant ILD. HRCT may be preferred over PFTs for screening, as PFTs lack sensitivity and have a high false-negative rate. Novel imaging modalities and biomarkers hold promise as adjunct methods for assessing the presence and severity of SSc-ILD, and predicting risk for progressive disease. Further validation is required prior to their use in clinical settings.

Classification of SSc-ILD has shifted to a personalized approach that considers an individual patient's probability of progressive disease through identification of risk factors, measurement of disease extent on HRCT, longitudinal declines in PFTs, and mortality prediction models. There remains an unmet need to develop screening guidelines for SSc-ILD.
Comparison of Perioperative Complications Between Anterior Decompression With Fusion and Laminoplasty For Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Morishita Shingo , Yoshii Toshitaka , Okawa Atsushi , Fushimi Kiyohide , Fujiwara Takeo
Published: August 2019

Study Design:

A retrospective comparative study with a large national database.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to compare the perioperative complications and costs of anterior decompression with fusion (ADF) and laminoplasty (LAMP) for patients who had cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

Summary of Background Data:

CSM is the most common spinal cord disorder in the upper middle–aged people in Japan. ADF and LAMP represent 2 major treatments; however, few studies have reported large-scale investigations for perioperative complications with CSM. Thus, it is controversial which surgical approach will lead to the best clinical outcome in CSM.

Materials and Methods:

All data in this study were collected from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database for patients diagnosed with CSM. We adjusted for known confounding biases with propensity score matching. One-to-one matched pairs between each surgical procedure were analyzed for the purposes of comparing systemic complication rates, local complication rates, medical costs, and mortality.

Results:

After propensity score matching, 1638 pairs of patients undergoing ADF and LAMP were made. More perioperative systemic complications were observed in the ADF group, such as atrial fibrillation (ADF/LAMP=0.7%/0.2%, P=0.032), respiratory failure (1.4%/0.1%, P<0.001), dysphagia (2.2%/0.2%, P<0.001), and sepsis (0.5%/0.1%, P=0.019). In contrast, a high rate of pulmonary embolism was observed with LAMP groups (ADF/LAMP=0%/0.2%, P=0.045). Local complications, such as infection (ADF/LAMP=0.8%/1.7%, P=0.026) and meningitis (0%/0.2%, P<0.045), were more common in the LAMP group. Conversely, spinal fluid leakage (ADF/LAMP=0.6%/0%, P=0.003) was more common in the ADF group. The costs (P<0.001) were higher in the ADF group.

Conclusions:

More systemic complications, such as respiratory disease, cardiovascular events, and sepsis, were observed in the ADF group, although local infection was more frequently seen in the LAMP group. Medical costs were higher in the ADF group. The findings in this study will contribute to each CSM patient by allowing suitable adaptation of cervical surgeries.

Level of Evidence:

Level III.
Strategies to prevent brain metastasis
Authors: Soffietti Riccardo , Pellerino Alessia , Rudà Roberta
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review

The current article reviews the state of art of prevention strategies for brain metastases from solid tumors and touches both old pivotal studies and new directions of personalized molecular approaches.

Recent findings

Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) has a definite role in the prevention of relapse into the brain for patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) responding to chemotherapy and radiotherapy as it prolongs overall survival (OS). However, the risk of late cognitive deficit following whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in this patient population is still not well known. Conversely, PCI significantly reduces the incidence of brain metastases and prolongs the disease-free interval in patients with non-SCLC (NSCLC), but does not improve OS thus far. Pharmacologic prevention is a new concept driven by the efficacy of targeted agents on macrometastases from specific molecular subgroups.

The future challenges for prevention of brain metastases are represented by the identification of subgroups of patients at higher risk of relapse into the brain coupled with either new WBRT strategies to better preserve cognition or effective molecular agents to target micrometastases.
Employing a User-Centered Design to Engage Mothers in the Development of a mHealth Breastfeeding Application
Authors: Jefferson Urmeka T. , Zachary Iris , Majee Wilson
Published: August 2019

Breastfeeding has numerous health benefits; however, many mothers do not continue breastfeeding to the recommended 6 months of age. Breastfeeding support after discharge from the hospital is often lacking in the communities with the greatest need. Therefore, the Mother's Milk Connection mHealth application was designed to improve breastfeeding duration and access to support. This article describes a user-centered design process to engage mothers in the development of the Mother's Milk Connection application. Two phases of stakeholder and user studies were conducted. Phase 1 involved concept generation, prototype development, and usability testing. Phase 2 focused on prototype redesign and usability testing. We used a descriptive mixed-method approach with data collected using a demographic questionnaire, System Usability Scale, exit survey, and focus groups. Final features of the Mother's Milk Connection application included resources and education, peer support, automated activity tracking, and professional support via video conference. Stakeholder and user engagement indicated the integration of four distinct features is acceptable for use as a comprehensive mHealth intervention to improve access to breastfeeding support. mHealth has the potential to be a useful strategy for providing breastfeeding support, and a clinical trial regarding the efficacy of the Mother's Milk Connection application is needed.
Self-Transcendence Theory and Contemplative Practices
Authors: Fiske Elizabeth
Published: August 2019

Reed's theory of self-transcendence describes relationships between vulnerability, self-transcendence, and well-being. Contemplative practices can promote self-transcendence and well-being, consistent with this theory. The central concepts of Reed's theory of self-transcendence are presented. Ways contemplative practices can be utilized to promote 1 or more dimensions of self-transcendence and well-being are discussed.
Bergamot Aromatherapy for Medical Office–Induced Anxiety Among Children With an Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Hawkins Jessie R. , Weatherby Norman , Wrye Bethany , Ujcich Ward Kimberly
Published: August 2019

This randomized, blinded clinical trial evaluated the effects of aromatherapy on medical office–induced anxiety in children with an autism spectrum disorder. Patients awaiting office visits were randomized into an aromatherapy group and a control group. After adjusting for baseline scores, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups.
Association Between Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Anesthetized Children and Hypothermia
Authors: Cronin Jessica A. , Shen Christine , Rana Sohel , Fricke Stanley Thomas , Matisoff Andrew
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

There is a myriad of factors that can lead to temperature derangements in anesthetized children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Temperature abnormalities in pediatric patients are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although some reports have looked at this topic, to our knowledge, no studies have continuously monitored temperature throughout the MRI scan. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of MRI on body temperature for anesthetized children undergoing MRI using continuous temperature measurement, identify patient risk factors to develop temperature abnormalities, and determine the effect of temperature derangements on perianesthetic complications.

Methods:

This retrospective, single-center study evaluated 285 pediatric outpatients from January 1, 2018, to March 31, 2018, who were less than 8 years old and underwent anesthesia for an MRI scan. Temperature, postanesthesia care unit length of stay, and demographic data were collected retrospectively using chart review and data extraction from electronic medical records. Statistical analyses included unpaired t test, chi-square test, and simple and multiple linear regressions.

Results:

Sixty-three percent (179/285) of children in our study had a median temperature less than 36°C during their MRI scan. There were no patients who had a median temperature greater than 38°C during their MRI scan. There were no identifiable patient risk factors for the development of hypothermia. Those who developed hypothermia did not have an increased rate of perianesthetic complications.

Conclusion:

MRI in anesthetized children is associated with hypothermia but does not correlate with any significant perianesthetic complications.
Preoperative Sedative-hypnotic Medication Use and Adverse Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: Gaulton Timothy G. , Wunsch Hannah , Gaskins Lakisha J. , Leonard Charles E. , Hennessy Sean , Ashburn Michael , Brensinger Colleen , Newcomb Craig , Wijeysundera Duminda , Bateman Brian T. , Bethell Jennifer , Neuman Mark D.
Published: August 2019

Objective:

To determine the association between preoperative benzodiazepine and nonbenzodiazepine receptor agonist (“Z-drugs”) use and adverse outcomes after surgery.

Background:

Prescriptions for benzodiazepines and Z-drugs have increased over the past decade. Despite this, the association of preoperative benzodiazepines and Z-drug receipt with adverse outcomes after surgery is unknown.

Methods:

Using the Optum Clinformatics Datamart, we performed a retrospective cohort study of adults 18 years or older who underwent any of 10 common surgical procedures between 2010 and 2015. The principal exposure was one or more filled prescriptions for a benzodiazepine or Z-drug in the 90 days before surgery. The primary outcome was any emergency department visit or hospital admission for either (1) a drug related adverse medical event or overdose or (2) a traumatic injury in the 30 days after surgery.

Results:

Of 785,346 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 94,887 (12.1%) filled a preoperative prescription for a benzodiazepine or Z-drug. From multivariable logistic regression, benzodiazepine or Z-drug use was associated with an increased odds of an adverse postoperative event [odds ratio 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.18). In a separate regression, coprescription of benzodiazepines or Z-drugs with opioids was associated with a 1.45 odds of an adverse postoperative event (95% confidence interval: 1.37–1.53).

Conclusions:

Preoperative benzodiazepines and Z-drug use is common and associated with increased odds of adverse outcomes after surgery, particularly when coprescribed with opioids. Counseling on appropriate benzodiazepine and Z-drug use in advance of elective surgery may potentially increase the safety of surgical care.
Randomized Comparison of Gastric Tube Reconstruction With and Without Duodenal Diversion Plus Roux-en-Y Anastomosis After Esophagectomy
Authors: Yano Masahiko , Sugimura Keijiro , Miyata Hiroshi , Motoori Masaaki , Tanaka Koji , Omori Takeshi , Ohue Masayuki , Sakon Masato
Published: August 2019

Objective:

This prospective randomized phase-II trial examined whether gastric reconstruction with duodenal diversion plus Roux-en-Y anastomosis(RY) minimized gastroduodenal reflux and delayed gastric emptying compared with standard gastric reconstruction.

Summary Background Data:

There is no established standard surgical procedure to prevent both gastroduodenal reflux and delayed gastric emptying simultaneously.

Methods:

Sixty patients with thoracic esophageal cancer scheduled to undergo esophagectomy with retrosternal gastric tube reconstruction were randomly allocated to standard gastric reconstruction (non-RY, n = 31) or gastric reconstruction with duodenal diversion plus RY (n = 29) groups. Primary endpoint was quality of life assessed by DAUGS-32 score 1 year after surgery. Secondary endpoints were the extent of postoperative duodenal juice reflux into the gastric tube, postoperative morbidity, endoscopic findings, body weight changes, and nutritional status.

Results:

Preoperative clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative morbidity did not differ significantly between groups. However, operation time and blood loss volume were significantly higher in the RY group. Pancreatic amylase concentrations in the gastric conduit on postoperative days 2, 3, and 7 were higher in the non-RY group. Postoperative endoscopic examination showed residual gastric content in 7 of 17 patients in the non-RY group but in none in the RY group (P = 0.012). Quality of life was significantly favorable in the RY group with regard to reflux symptoms and food passage dysfunction. Postoperative body weight changes, serum albumin levels, and peripheral blood lymphocyte counts were not significantly different between groups.

Conclusion:

Gastric reconstruction with duodenal diversion plus RY is effective in improving both gastroduodenal reflux and delayed gastric emptying.
Donor-recipient Sex Differences Do Not Affect Survival Outcomes After Kidney Transplantation: A Population Cohort Study
Authors: Morgan Georgia , Goolam-Mahomed Zahrah , Hodson James , Nath Jay , Sharif Adnan
Published: August 2019

Background.

Donor factors can influence decision making for organ utilization for potential kidney transplant candidates. Prior studies exploring the effect of donor-recipient sex matching on kidney transplant outcomes have reported heterogenous and conflicting results. The aim of this contemporary population-cohort analysis was to explore the effect of donor-recipient sex matching on kidney transplant outcomes in the United Kingdom.

Methods.

In this retrospective, observational study, we analyzed all patients receiving kidney-alone transplants between 2003 and 2018 using UK Transplant Registry data. Stratified by recipient sex, outcomes were compared between male and female donors with univariable/multivariable analyses.

Results.

Data were analyzed for 25 140 recipients. Of these, 13 414 (53.4%) of kidneys were from male donors and 15 690 (62.4%) of recipients were male. The odds of initial graft dysfunction (delayed graft function/primary nonfunction) were significantly lower for female donor kidneys transplanted into both male (adjusted odds ratio = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.80-0.98,P = 0.019) and female (adjusted odds ratio = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.71-0.93,P = 0.003) recipients. Male recipients of female donor kidneys had creatinine levels at 1 year that were 6.3% higher (95% CI = 4.8%-7.7%,P < 0.001) than male recipients of male donor kidneys, with a similar sex difference of 4.1% (95% CI = 2.1%-6.1%,P < 0.001) observed within female recipients. However, neither patient nor graft survival was found to differ significantly by donor sex on either univariable or multivariable analysis.

Conclusions.

Our data provide contemporary data on sex mismatch for recipient counseling and reassurance with regards to equivalent long-term clinical outcomes based upon donor sex.
Incidence and Risks for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Steatohepatitis Post-liver Transplant: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Saeed Naba , Glass Lisa , Sharma Pratima , Shannon Carol , Sonnenday Christopher J. , Tincopa Monica A.
Published: August 2019

Background.

The true incidence and unique risk factors for recurrent and de novo nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) post-liver transplant (LT) remain poorly characterized. We aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors for recurrent and de novo NAFLD/NASH post-LT.

Methods.

MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL were searched for studies from 2000 to 2018. Risk of bias was adjudicated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results.

Seventeen studies representing 2378 patients were included. All were retrospective analyses of patients with post-LT liver biopsies, with the exception of 2 studies that used imaging for outcome assessment. Seven studies evaluated occurrence of recurrent NAFLD/NASH, 3 evaluated de novo occurrence, and 7 evaluated both recurrent and de novo. In studies at generally high or moderate risk of bias, mean 1-, 3-, and ≥5-year incidence rates may be 59%, 57%, and 82% for recurrent NAFLD; 67%, 40%, and 78% for de novo NAFLD; 53%, 57.4%, and 38% for recurrent NASH; and 13%, 16%, and 17% for de novo NASH. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that post-LT body mass index (summarized odds ratio = 1.27) and hyperlipidemia were the most consistent predictors of outcomes.

Conclusions.

There is low confidence in the incidence of recurrent and de novo NAFLD and NASH after LT due to study heterogeneity. Recurrent and de novo NAFLD may occur in over half of recipients as soon as 1 year after LT. NASH recurs in most patients after LT, whereas de novo NASH occurs rarely. NAFLD/NASH after LT is associated with metabolic risk factors.
Anthony William Linnane. 17 July 1930—11 November 2017
Authors: Nagley Phillip
Published: August 2019

Anthony (Tony) Linnane isolated mitochondria from bakers’ yeast during his doctoral studies at the University of Sydney in the 1950s. He subsequently pioneered research into the biogenesis of mitochondria, covering enzymology, membrane biochemistry and molecular biology and genetics, over more than two decades until the mid 1980s. These discoveries were made mostly at Monash University and earned him election as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science (FAA 1972) and of the Royal Society (1980). Linnane thereafter broadened his research towards medical topics, especially the role of mitochondria in human ageing, together with studies on interferon and cancer-specific mucinous antigens. After retirement from Monash in 1996, Linnane worked towards ameliorating disease through bioenergetic strategies, based at the Centre for Molecular Biology and Medicine in Melbourne. He played significant roles in the Australian Biochemical Society and the International Union of Biochemistry.

Note: This memoir was commissioned by the
Historical Records of Australian Science
and is published here with minor amendments. It was published in May 2019 and is available at
https://doi.org/10.1071/HR19001
. Additional supplementary material is available at this site.
Stable isotopes reveal winter feeding in different habitats in blue, fin and sei whales migrating through the Azores
Authors: Silva Mónica A. , Borrell Asunción , Prieto Rui , Gauffier Pauline , Bérubé Martine , Palsbøl Per J. , Colaço Ana
Published: August 2019

Knowing the migratory movements and behaviour of baleen whales is fundamental to understanding their ecology. We compared δ15N and δ13C values in the skin of blue (Balaenoptera musculus), fin (Balaenoptera physalus) and sei (Balaenoptera borealis) whales sighted in the Azores in spring with the values of potential prey from different regions within the North Atlantic using Bayesian mixing models to investigate their trophic ecology and migration patterns. Fin whale δ15N values were higher than those recorded in blue and sei whales, reflecting feeding at higher trophic levels. Whales' skin δ15N and δ13C values did not reflect prey from high-latitude summer foraging grounds; instead mixing models identified tropical or subtropical regions as the most likely feeding areas for all species during winter and spring. Yet, differences in δ13C values among whale species suggest use of different regions within this range. Blue and sei whales primarily used resources from the Northwest African upwelling and pelagic tropical/subtropical regions, while fin whales fed off Iberia. However, determining feeding habitats from stable isotope values remains difficult. In conclusion, winter feeding appears common among North Atlantic blue, fin and sei whales, and may play a crucial role in determining their winter distribution. A better understanding of winter feeding behaviour is therefore fundamental for the effective conservation of these species.
Ceramsite production from sediment in Beian River: characterization and parameter optimization
Authors: Jin Yong , Huang Songyu , Wang Qunhui , Gao Ming , Ma Hongzhi
Published: August 2019

In order to realize pollution control and resource recovery, sediment from Beian River in Mudanjiang City China was used for ceramsite production. The maximum content of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and organic matter (OM) in sediments of Beian River were 2975 mg kg
−1
, 2947 mg kg
−1
and 29.6%, respectively. So, it should be treated properly for resource utilization. The orthogonal experiment of
L
16
(4
5
) was adopted to determine the best conditions for ceramsite production and the result demonstrated that the sewage sludge ratio of 15%, binder ratio of 5%, pre-heating temperature of 450°C, sintering temperature of 1150°C and firing time of 23 min were the optimum conditions. The corresponding product met with the standard of CJ/T 299-2008 and the heavy metal leaching experiment showed it was lower than the threshold of China's industrial standard. Thus, it demonstrated that ceramsite production was a feasible way for utilization of sediment.