bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Fast and Accurate near Infrared Spectroscopy Method for the Determination of Cellulose Content of Alkali Cellulose Applicable for Process Control
Authors: Mayr Georg , Hintenaus Peter , Zeppetzauer Franz , Röder Thomas
Published: December 2015

A novel near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy method for the determination of the cellulose content of alkali cellulose, an intermediate product in viscose fibre production, is presented. This method is especially suitable for the purpose of process control. The method is realised in diffuse reflectance mode. A fast sample preparation step consisting of the compression of the coarse bulky alkali cellulose is introduced, in order to homogenise the sample material. The measurement takes 10 min, including the preparation step. For calibration of the method, samples taken directly from the production line have been used in combination with samples prepared in the laboratory. Validation conducted in a production environment yields a root mean square error of prediction of 0.36% w/w for cellulose content, which is sufficient for the detection of deviation from standard production parameters. It is found that the source material for the alkali cellulose influences the NIR spectra. Analysis of the source material indicates that the hemicellulose composition, i.e. a poly- or oligosaccharide dissolvable in caustic lye, has an impact on the NIR spectra. Different types of source materials can be discerned from their NIR spectra.
Syngenta Uses a Cover Optimizer to Determine Production Volumes for Its European Seed Supply Chain
Authors: Comhaire Peter , Papier Felix
Published: December 2015

Syngenta’s European seed business relies on Syngenta’s supply chain to supply seed products to various European markets, which generated more than $1.2 billion in revenues in 2013. The seed supply chain is, however, exposed to a high level of uncertainty on both the demand and supply sides. Determining optimal production volumes in a highly volatile environment and more than a year prior to the sales period is a complex business decision that can significantly affect the company’s profitability through lost sales and unsold supply. To better handle the production-volume planning, Syngenta developed a planning tool that determines optimal production volumes by considering the various levels of uncertainty. In this paper, we discuss this tool, its impact, and integration into Syngenta’s planning process and technical design. In 2013, its first year in use, the production optimization tool avoided approximately $1.5 million in supply discards and led Syngenta to revise its approach to handling uncertainty in its supply-chain planning.
European policies and research funding: a case study of gender inequality and lack of diversity in a Nordic research programme
Authors: O’Connor Pat , Fauve-Chamoux Antoinette
Published: December 2015

Supranational and cross-national research funding structures bring to the fore the differential importance of national location and gender in such decision-making fora. It shows how gender bias persists in an institutional context supportive of gender equality. The data is drawn from a case study of research funding (€3 million), in a Swedish led, Nordic research consortium. Using documentary research, questionnaires and interviews, it shows that although 45 per cent of all research applications and roughly 40 per cent of those assessed as excellent were led by women, only 22 per cent were funded. Two critical intervention points are identified.
Importância e ferramentas de avaliação de desempenho para redes de pequenas e médias empresas: análise crítica da literatura nacional versus internacional
Authors: Bortoluzzi Sandro César , Ensslin Sandra Rolim , Ensslin Leonardo
Published: December 2015

A pesquisa objetiva mapear a importância e as ferramentas de avaliação de desempenho para redes de pequenas e médias empresas. O presente estudo descritivo e qualitativo analisou 33 artigos nacionais e 21 artigos internacionais. Em relação à importância da avaliação de desempenho para redes de pequenas e médias empresas, a literatura destaca: (i) aumenta o sucesso da rede; (ii) é instrumento útil para a gestão; (iii) reforça a competitividade; (iv) consolida a cooperação; e, (v) aumenta a confiança entre os parceiros. Na comparação da literatura nacional versus internacional sobre a importância da avaliação de desempenho para redes de pequenas e médias empresas, percebem-se aspectos similares e complementares, ou seja, não se verifica divergência entre os autores. Os autores utilizam ferramentas consolidadas na literatura, tais como: Balanced Scorecard; Benchmarking; Performance Prism e ferramentas propostas especificamente para avaliar redes de pequenas e médias empresas. As principais dimensões avaliadas são: (i) intercâmbio de informações; (ii) gerenciamento de valor em redes; (iii) nível de maturidade das redes; (iv) benefícios da colaboração; (v) capital social; (vi) eficiência coletiva; (vii) ciclo de vida da rede; (viii) eficiência e ineficiência das redes; e, (ix) existência e intensidade do relacionamento entre os parceiros. A análise crítica em relação ao conceito de avaliação de desempenho adotado no presente estudo permite concluir que as ferramentas propostas ou aplicadas para avaliar as redes de pequenas e médias empresas apresentam lacunas no processo para identificar os critérios, mensurar ordinal e cardinalmente, integrar e gerar ações de aperfeiçoamento.
Desempenho relativo de regras de prioridade para programação de flow shop híbrido com tempos de setup
Authors: Fuchigami Helio Yochihiro , Moccellin João Vitor
Published: December 2015

Este trabalho aborda o problema de programação de flow shop híbridos com tempos de setup explícitos e independentes da sequência de tarefas. Este ambiente de produção é um sistema multiestágio com fluxo unidirecional de tarefas, onde cada estágio pode conter múltiplas máquinas disponíveis para processamento. A medida otimizada foi a duração total da programação (makespan). O objetivo foi propor novas regras de prioridade e avaliar o seu desempenho relativo no sistema produtivo considerado por meio da porcentagem de sucesso, desvio relativo médio, desvio-padrão do desvio relativo e tempo médio de computação. A experimentação computacional indicou que as regras que utilizam a ordenação crescente dos tempos de processamento e setup do primeiro estágio (SPT1 e SPT1_ERD) apresentam melhor desempenho, perfazendo juntas mais de 56% de sucesso.
Zur Erwerbung der Bremer Papyrussammlung und des Apollonios-Archivs
Authors: Essler Holger , Hermes-Wladarsch Maria
Published: December 2015

In the past, there have been contradictory statements about the acquisition of the Bremer Papyri, particularly in respect of their relationship to the “Deutsches Papyruskartell”. The article reconstructs in detail the history of the Bremen collection and the beginning of the Gießen collection by publishing the relevant documents held by Deutsches Archäologisches Insitut in Cairo and the state and university library Bremen.
Long-Term Outcomes of Kidney Transplantation from Elderly Donors
Authors: Jushinskis Janis , Malcevs Aleksandrs , Suhorukovs Vadims , Ziedina Ieva , Shevelev Victor
Published: December 2015

Introduction. During the last years the percentage of elderly organ donors has increased significantly and may impact results of kidney transpalantations (KT).

Aim of the Study. Was to analyse results of kidney transplantation from elderly donors.

Materials and methods. In this study we analysed results of all consecutive KT from deceased donors (DD) performed in a single transplantation center during the period from 01.01.2004 till 31.12.2007, with the following exclusion criteria: unavailability of 5-year follow-up and transplantation from DD aged from 50 to 59 years. In result the study population consisted of 193 KT recipients, and all cases were divided into two groups according to donor age: group A (donor age >60 years, 27 KT from 18 DD, mean age of donors 62,6 + 2,1 years, mean age of recipients 58,0 + 9,0 years), and group B (donor age <49 years, 166 KT from 98 DD, mean age of donors 35,4 + 10,2 years, mean age of recipients 40,5 + 14,7 years). Groups were compared for posttransplant outcomes and 5-year graft and patient survival.

Results. During the study period the number of transplantations from donors aged >60 years amounted to 10.5% of all transplantations. The use of elderly donors was not associated with worse early posttrransplant results; in long-term it was associated with higher patient mortality and lower rate of death-censored graft losses, however analysis of survival revealed difference only in patient 5-year survival (p=0.001).

Conclusion. KT from older donors when allocated to age-matched recipients ensures acceptable outcomes and should be continued in the future with recommendation to keep cold ischemia time as short as possible and to introduce urgent analysis of donor kidney “zero” biospy.
Massive Weight Loss Due to Carcinoid Tumor
Authors: Rumba Roberts , Strumfa Ilze , Vanags Andrejs
Published: December 2015

Neuroendocrine tumors are more common than previously thought and represent a group of malignancies that need special consideration regarding diagnostic and therapeutic approach. High level of suspicion is required to diagnose these tumors, thus delayed recognition and metastases are common. Vast options for surgical and nonsurgical treatment exist, including liver transplantation in special cases.
Zum Einsatz digitaler Methoden bei der Erstellung und Nutzung genetischer Editionen gedruckter Texte mit verschiedenen Fassungen
Authors: Bremer Thomas , Molitor Paul , Pöckelmann Marcus , Ritter Jörg , Schütz Susanne
Published: December 2015

This paper presents a digital working environment for exploratory analysis of the changes to the text of Raynal’s Histoire philosophique et politique des établissements et du commerce des Europeéns dans les deux Indes, a French text from 1770 about the negative influence of European civilization during the colonization of the East and West Indies which was significantly revised in 1774, 1780 and post-mortem in 1820. After a brief summary of the printing history, the features of the environment are presented. Starting with a general map of the corpus by means of a navigation bar and word clouds, the online platform provides users with the opportunity to analyse the text genesis in an exploratory manner. The general map leads the users to text passages of interest with respect to the text genesis. Synoptic representations together with colour markings adaptable to the respective philological problem make the revision history easily comprehensible and the text differences easily identifiable. The approach is, in principle, transferable to scholarly editions of other texts and texts in other languages.
Ein „buntes, wunderbares, sehr verschiedenartiges Ganzes“ – Goethes thematische Faszikel und neue Möglichkeiten ihrer Edition
Authors: Richter Elke , Rosenbaum Alexander
Published: December 2015

The article focuses on the fascicle manuscripts of Goethe’s literary estate and investigates different ways of their edition. Goethe usually put letters and papers in a systematic order by himself, filing them in topics relevant to him for further use. For example, among his own manuscripts on scientific issues there are also letters from and to scientists such as Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, Carl Gustav Carus and Leopold Dorotheus Henning that belong to the same topic. However, there are also files compiled by Goethe himself that assemble letters received, diary notes and various other personal documents (i.e. three fascicles that keep records of his third journey to Switzerland in 1797). For a historicalcritical edition, these fascicles are particularly challenging because they are incommensurable with the traditional genres and conventional approaches to editing texts, by chronology and themes. The new Research Project of the Academy’s Programme „Propyläen. Forschungsplattform zu Goethes Biographica“, launched by the Klassik Stiftung Weimar, the Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig and the Academy of Sciences and Literature, Mainz, establishes, for the first time, the basis for creating a complete digital edition, and therefore offers the opportunity to give consideration also to Goethe’s way of compilation.
Leitlinien und Zuglüste des Erzählens
Authors: Zimmermann Harm-Peer
Published: December 2015

Der Beitrag interpretiert das Märchen Hans im Glück als Altersparabel. Was passiert, wenn wir uns Hans unter dem Leitgedanken des Alters, wenn wir ihn uns als einen alternden Menschen vorstellen? Selbstverständlich in Verbindung mit der Leitlinie Glück. Dann erscheint das Märchen als Exempel, das zeigt, wie man glücklich älter wird. Diese Deutung entwickelt der Beitrag in sechs Schritten: Hans im Glück als Antimärchen, als Alterstreppe, als Alternsexempel, als Alternsparodie, als Alternsutopie, als Pflegeutopie.
Andersens Kleine Meerjungfrau und ihre Vorbilder
Authors: Becker Siegfried
Published: December 2015

Gezeigt werden soll, wie Hans Christian Andersens Kunstmärchen Die kleine Meerjungfrau und das Grimm-Märchen Die Nixe im Teich vermutlich aus den gleichen Quellen geschöpft werden konnten, aus demselben Stoff geformt wurden und doch gänzlich andere Ergebnisse brachten, weil die Verfasser - Andersen und Wilhelm Grimm - völlig andere Vorstellungen von Autorschaft hatten.
Protective effect of Scutellaria species on AAPH-induced oxidative damage in human erythrocyte
Authors: Salini Sasidharan , Divya Menon Kunnathully , Chubicka Thomas , Meera Nair , Fulzele Devanand P. , Ragavamenon Achuthan C. , Babu Thekkekara Devassy
Published: December 2015

Background:
Scutellaria baicalensis is a well-known plant in traditional Chinese medicine. Recently, several Scutellaria species with therapeutic potential have been recognized worldwide. Scutellaria colebrookiana and Scutellaria violacea, native to the Western Ghats of India, are reported to possess free radical scavenging efficacy. At present, the protective effect of these Scutellaria spp. against 2,2′ azobis (2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative damage in human erythrocytes has been analyzed.

Methods: Oxidative stress in erythrocyte was induced by AAPH. The inhibition of hemolysis, membrane lipid peroxidation, and protein damage by chloroform extracts of Scutellaria spp. was assessed biochemically. Phytochemicals of the extracts were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR).

Results: Approximately 95% of erythrocytes were lysed by AAPH over 3 h of incubation. Significant reduction in hemolysis was observed by the extracts, and the IC50 values were 18.3 and 23.5 μg/mL for S. colebrookiana and S. violacea, respectively. Both the extracts were found to inhibit AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation in ghost membrane with IC50 92±2.8 and 70±5.6 μg/mL. In the analysis of the membrane proteins using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the AAPH-induced degradation of actin was found reduced by both the extracts. The FTIR spectrum revealed the presence of polyphenols, carboxylic acids, alkanes, and aromatic compounds in extracts. In quantitative analysis, the total polyphenolic content estimated was 380±0.23 and 203.7±1.4 mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram extract of S. colebrookiana and S. violacea.

Conclusions: Results indicate that S. colebrookiana and S. violacea are capable of protecting erythrocytes from oxidative damage. This cytoprotective effect of the extract is possibly by its antioxidant property.
Die Kriegswirtschaft im Ersten Weltkrieg – Trends der Forschung
Authors: Ziegler Dieter
Published: December 2015

During the 1960s and 1970s the war economy of World War I was a major field of interest. Its main focus was, however, the governance of the war economy and the relationship between business and politics. From then on the economic history of World War I came out of style and despite the 100th anniversary of its outbreak a recovery is out of sight. In contrast to previous research the following contributions focus on the reaction of (mainly) private business towards the unexpected and exceptional situation of a total war.
Die Ruhrkohle in der kriegswirtschaftlichen Regulierung, 1914-1918
Authors: Böse Christian , Ziegler Dieter
Published: December 2015

The German war economy suffered from resource shortages during WWI because the Allies were able to block imports with its naval blockade. Coal was more or less the only natural resource relevant to the war economy which was available domestically and in abundance. Therefore, authorities were hardly concerned with the supply of coal when the war broke out. As the war lasted longer than expected, even the coal ran short. This article examines the measures adopted by the authorities to secure the supply of energy for the military, the war economy and households. On the one hand, the authorities relied on the syndicated marketing organization of the coal cartels. On the other hand, the Prussian state was itself a major coal producer in the Ruhr which was not part of the Ruhr Coal Syndicate and competed with the cartelized privately owned mining companies.
Staatliche Intervention und kartellierte Handlungslogik: Die Absatzgewinne des deutschniederländischen Kohlehandels während des Ersten Weltkrieges
Authors: Roelevink Eva-Maria
Published: December 2015

State intervention was characteristic of most industries after the outbreak of WWI. This contribution draws attention to the contractual effects of state intervention in the coal industries of Germany and the Netherlands. While Germany, foremost with the Coal Syndicate, was an exporter of coal, the Netherlands were traditionally dependent on German coal imports. Although both states intervened in the structure of their coal industries, the outcomes of intervention were unexpected and clearly deviated from the objectives defined by the states. As a result, the close relationship between the Coal-Syndicate and its Dutch Trading Association allowed advantages to be taken from state intervention in terms of their own profit.
Wirtschaftsdiplomatie im Totalen Krieg. Die Swiss Mission in den USA 1917
Authors: Weber Florian
Published: December 2015

In the spring of 1917 the United States entered the First World War. Switzerland and the other neutral European countries came under increasing pressure as the US wanted to embargo their economies. Switzerland had to adapt quickly to the new political order and sent a diplomatic mission to the United States to secure its food and commodity supply. Even though an agreement with the US authorities could be concluded, the policy outcome was strongly influenced by the economic and political agenda of the belligerents. Thus the scope for Swiss foreign policy was limited. The Swiss case shows the increasing influence of the United States and sheds light on the politics of neutrality during the First World War.
Deviation from the Fourier law in room-temperature heat pulse experiments
Authors: Both Soma , Czél Balázs , Fülöp Tamás , Gróf Gyula , Gyenis Ákos , Kovács Róbert , Ván Peter , Verhás József
Published: December 2015

We report heat pulse experiments at room temperature that cannot be described by Fourier's law. The experimental data are modeled properly by the Guyer–Krumhansl equation, in its over-diffusion regime. The phenomenon may be due to conduction channels with differing conductivities and parallel to the direction of the heat flux.
Evaluating health risk using a continuous metabolic syndrome score in obese children
Authors: Hesse Michelle Battista , Young Gregory , Murray Robert D.
Published: December 2015

The metabolic syndrome (MS) in pediatrics is controversial. Rather than a dichotomous scale, a continuous metabolic syndrome score (cMets) has been proposed to evaluate MS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of a cMets score among an ethnically diverse cohort of children with acanthosis nigricans (AN).

A retrospective chart review was used to extract clinical and laboratory information on a cohort of obese children. Criteria for MS components and the cMets score were established using published guidelines. Multiple linear regression evaluated the effect of AN status on MS and cMets. Fisher’s exact test compared the race differential on the presence or absence of MS component disorders.

MS diagnosis was non-significant when considering AN status (p=0.554) and ethnicity (p=0.431). Evaluation of the frequency of component disorders, revealed that Caucasians had significantly higher levels of abnormal triglycerides (TG) (35.1 vs. 10.3%; p<0.001), whereas African Americans had significantly higher homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores (51.3% vs. 22.3%; p<0.001). cMets was sensitive to identifying metabolic risk among Caucasians with AN, only (p=0.029).

This study found differences in health risk among an obese, ethnically diverse sample of children. cMets is a more sensitive marker of metabolic change compared with MS, especially when AN status and race are considered. cMets may pose an opportunity for the clinician to evaluate the interaction of health risks on the health status of obese children.
Relationship of fetuin-A with restenosis in patients who underwent revascularization
Authors: Karabag Turgut , Kucuk Emrah , Tekin İshak Ozel , Sayin Muhammet Rasit , Gursoy Yusuf Cemil , Aydin Mustafa
Published: December 2015

Background: We investigated whether fetuin-A (a hepatic secretory protein that prevents arterial calcification) was related to revascularization in patients who had previously undergone coronary revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention and/or coronary artery bypass grafting operation).

Methods: This study included 71 patients who had previously undergone any revascularization procedure. All patients presented to the cardiology outpatient clinic with angina or angina equivalent and underwent coronary angiography upon findings of preliminary tests. The patients were grouped on the basis of the presence of restenosis on angiography: Group 1 consisted of 44 subjects with restenosis on angiography (30 male, 14 female; mean age 64.2±4.2 years) and group 2; 30 subjects without restenosis on angiography (20 male, 10 female; 61.2±13.1 years). In addition to routine biochemical tests and lipid panel, all patients underwent C-reactive protein, and fetuin-A measurements.

Results: The groups were not significantly different with respect to age, sex, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. As compared to Group 2, Group 1 had a significantly lower fetuin-A level (383.8±76.2 vs. 416.3±49.3 ng/mL; p=0.029). There was a significantly negative correlation between fetuin-A and age; and a significantly positive correlation between fetuin-A and calcium.

Conclusions: Fetuin-A levels were significantly lower in patients detected to have restenosis. Lower fetuin-A levels may contribute to restenosis by directly increasing calcium-phosphate precipitation.
Classification Of Road Accidents From The Perspective Of Vehicle Safety Systems
Authors: Jirovský Václav
Published: December 2015

Modern road accident investigation and database structures are focused on accident analysis and classification from the point of view of the accident itself. The presented article offers a new approach, which will describe the accident from the point of view of integrated safety vehicle systems. Seven main categories have been defined to specify the level of importance of automated system intervention. One of the proposed categories is a new approach to defining the collision probability of an ego-vehicle with another object. This approach focuses on determining a 2-D reaction space, which describes all possible positions of the vehicle or other moving object in the specified amount of time in the future. This is to be used for defining the probability of the vehicles interacting - when the intersection of two reaction spaces exists, an action has to be taken on the side of ego-vehicle. The currently used 1-D quantity of TTC (time-to-collision) can be superseded by the new reaction space variable. Such new quantity, whose basic idea is described in the article, enables the option of counting not only with necessary braking time, but mitigation by changing direction is then easily feasible. Finally, transparent classification measures of a probable accident are proposed. Their application is highly effective not only during basic accident comparison, but also for an on-board safety system.
Crystal structure of 4-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl] benzenesulfonamide, C21H18FN3O3S
Authors: Aydın Abdullah , Bilginer Sinan , Gul Halise Inci , Akkurt Mehmet , Mete Ebru
Published: December 2015

C21H18FN3O3S, monoclinic, P 21 (no. 4), a = 11.6665(3) Å, b = 5.7483(2) Å, c = 14.7695(4) Å, α = 90°, β = 103.841(1)°, γ = 90°, V = 961.72(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0340, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0852, T = 296(2) K.
Predictors of Users’ Satisfaction with E-payment System: a Case Study of Staff at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Tella Adeyinka , Abdulmumin Isah
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose: Many organisations are using the e-payment system; however, its effectiveness has not been determined particularly in the Nigeria context. The University of Ilorin as educational organisation started using e-payment system in 2010 and up till now there has been limited or no study conducted to examine whether or not workers are satisfied with the new payment system together with other related ones they are familiar with. It is in the light of this that this study examined users’ satisfaction with the e-payment system at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria.

Design/Methodology/Approach: A sample of 260 academic and non-academic staff was taken from six out 12 faculties that made up the university. Using a survey research approach data was collected with a modified questionnaire. Five research questions were developed to guide the study.

Results: The results revealed that, respondents (93.5%) were adequately satisfied, satisfied and moderately satisfied, while, only (6.5%) of the respondents were less satisfied and dissatisfied. Perceived speed was identified as the characteristics users mostly satisfied with, followed by system security, traceability, and convenience. Moreover, there is significant correlation among the entire e-payment characteristics/factors (perceived speed, security, anonymity, traceability, perceived ease of payment, and convenience); and that all the six factors jointly predict users’ satisfaction with the e-payment system. In order of magnitude of the prediction/contribution to e-payment, users’ satisfaction, perceived speed made the most significant prediction/contribution.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, the study concluded a considerable percentage of the respondents (93.5%) are satisfied with the e-payment system at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria. In lieu of this therefore, there is need to improve the e-payment system so that all and sundry could be satisfied.
From cashew nut shell wastes to high value chemicals
Authors: Mubofu Egid B.
Published: December 2015

The amount of waste generated in cashew nut processing factories has caused serious problems for a long time. However, this situation is about to change because they are being turned into an opportunity by a variety of bio-based chemicals. Todate, cashew nut shells (CNS) have proven to be among the most versatile renewable resource as they produce cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). CNSL which is a dark reddish brown viscous liquid (ca. 30–35 wt%) is extracted from the soft honeycomb of the CNS. The shells have been regarded as a by-product of the cashew industry though now it is a cheaper source of natural unsaturated phenols. CNSL offers a multitude of interesting possibilities for the synthesis of speciality chemicals, high value products and polymers. Our recent research efforts have demonstrated that its constituents can be transformed into diverse functional chemicals. This paper reports some key results on how cashew nut shells (an agro waste from cashew nut processing factories) have been employed to produce several functional materials and chemicals. The materials that are highlighted include the synthesis of 3-propylphenol from cardanol and anacardic acid, some polymers prepared from CNSL components, heterogeneous catalysts prepared using CNSL as a templating agent and anacardic acid capped chalcogenide nanoparticles.
Von der Mitteilungsgemeinschaft zur Intersubjektivität
Authors: Buongiorno Federica
Published: December 2015

Meine Absicht ist es, eine besondere Seite der phänomenologischen Konstitution im Bereich der Intersubjektivität zu untersuchen: Es geht um die erste Stufe dieser Konstitution, die Husserl im Rahmen seiner Studien in einigen Texten über die Intersubjektivität als „Phänomenologie der Mitteilungsgemeinschaft“ bezeichnet. Diese erweist sich als Grundform jeder Gemeinschaft und setzt die phänomenologischen Prozesse der Einfühlung voraus. Ich möchte die konstitutive Rolle der Einfühlung analysieren, um den Übergang von der vorsozialen zur sozialen Subjektivität und die damit verbundene Paradoxie zu beleuchten. Ausgehend von der anthropologischen Frage, die meiner Deutung nach der Theorie der Intersubjektivität zugrundeliegt, werde ich zeigen, wie Husserl sowohl den Menschen (d. h. die anthropologische Dimension des Lebens) als auch das Subjekt (d. h. die erkenntnistheoretische Dimension des Lebens) philosophisch begreift. Dabei kann man auch die mögliche Eignung der phänomenologischen Methode im sozialen Kontext auswerten.
Love, Rights, and Solidarity: Sports’ Potential for Recognition
Authors: Andersen Wivi
Published: December 2015

Sport occupies a central role in modern society. Philosophers of sport suggest that sport can offer a realm of play by being structurally and logically independent from everyday life. But what ethical values can sport be seen to offer us, if any? Explanations are sought based on Honneth’s theory of recognition. Honneth views the presence of three forms of recognition - love, rights, and solidarity - as necessary conditions not only for a just society, but also for a society in which human beings can realize their potential and experience life as being good. Based on Honneth, I argue that sport can be seen as an arena with potential for an aggregated form of recognition. If practiced in the right way, sport has the potential to realize all three forms of recognition inherent in society.
Orchard aphids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Aphidoidea) of Lithuania: a century of research
Authors: Rakauskas Rimantas
Published: December 2015

The current state of knowledge on the composition of aphid species inhabiting horticultural crops in Lithuania is summarized, with notes on their taxonomy and the biological peculiarities of Lithuanian populations of particular species.
Preparation and characterization of polystyrene-MgAl layered double hydroxide nanocomposites using bulk polymerization
Authors: Benaddi Hadja , Benachour Djafer , Grohens Yves
Published: December 2015

Polymer/mineral filler nanocomposites are more and more used for diverse applications. As mineral fillers, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) present a great advantage as flame retardants from an environmental point a view (reduction of smoke and toxic gases). This article deals with the use of LDH as flame retardants as compared to montmorillonite (MMT). In situ bulk polymerization of styrene was carried out in the presence of MgAl LDH modified with dodecyl sulfate (DDS) and dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBS) surfactants. LDH concentrations used were lower than 10 wt.%. X-ray diffraction analysis of the LDH-styrene suspensions revealed the monomer intercalation into the DDS-LDH galleries and a slight decrease in the DBS-LDH basal spacing. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the polymerization occurred outside the DBS-LDH galleries, leading to exfoliation of the layers on the outer surface of LDH platelets. DDS-LDH particles were trapped in the PS polymer. The thermal stability effect was observed for all LDH nanocomposites by thermogravimetric analysis. Cone calorimetry measurements revealed that only the DBS-LDH nanofiller resulted in a reduction of the peak heat released rate (PHHR) and a decrease of smoke released. DBS-LDH/PS exhibited fire properties close to those of clay-PS nanocomposite at 7 wt.% montmorillonite. The PHRR reduction remained small and the total heat release rate constant at 7 wt.% DBS-LDH loading.
Qualitative Behaviour of Generalised Beddington Model
Authors: Din Qamar , Khan Muhammad Adil , Saeed Umer
Published: December 2015

This work is related to the dynamics of a discrete-time density-dependent generalised Beddington model. Moreover, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of positive equilibrium point, boundedness character, local and global behaviours of unique positive equilibrium point, and the rate of convergence of positive solutions that converge to the unique positive equilibrium point of this model. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate theoretical discussion.
Validity and Reliability of the PUSH Wearable Device to Measure Movement Velocity During the Back Squat Exercise
Authors: Balsalobre-Fernández Carlos , Kuzdub Matt , Poveda-Ortiz Pedro , Campo-Vecino Juan del
Published: December 2015

Balsalobre-Fernández, C, Kuzdub, M, Poveda-Ortiz, P, and Campo-Vecino, Jd. Validity and reliability of the PUSH wearable device to measure movement velocity during the back squat exercise. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1968–1974, 2016—The purpose of this study was to analyze the validity and reliability of a wearable device to measure movement velocity during the back squat exercise. To do this, 10 recreationally active healthy men (age = 23.4 ± 5.2 years; back squat 1 repetition maximum [1RM] = 83 ± 8.2 kg) performed 3 repetitions of the back squat exercise with 5 different loads ranging from 25 to 85% 1RM on a Smith Machine. Movement velocity for each of the total 150 repetitions was simultaneously recorded using the T-Force linear transducer (LT) and the PUSH wearable band. Results showed a high correlation between the LT and the wearable device mean (r = 0.85; standard error of estimate [SEE] = 0.08 m·s−1) and peak velocity (r = 0.91, SEE = 0.1 m·s−1). Moreover, there was a very high agreement between these 2 devices for the measurement of mean (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.907) and peak velocity (ICC = 0.944), although a systematic bias between devices was observed (PUSH peak velocity being −0.07 ± 0.1 m·s−1 lower, p ≤ 0.05). When measuring the 3 repetitions with each load, both devices displayed almost equal reliability (Test–retest reliability: LT [r = 0.98], PUSH [r = 0.956]; ICC: LT [ICC = 0.989], PUSH [ICC = 0.981]; coefficient of variation [CV]: LT [CV = 4.2%], PUSH [CV = 5.0%]). Finally, individual load-velocity relationships measured with both the LT (R
2 = 0.96) and the PUSH wearable device (R
2 = 0.94) showed similar, very high coefficients of determination. In conclusion, these results support the use of an affordable wearable device to track velocity during back squat training. Wearable devices, such as the one in this study, could have valuable practical applications for strength and conditioning coaches.
Small Beneficial Effect of Caffeinated Energy Drink Ingestion on Strength
Authors: Collier Nora B. , Hardy Michelle A. , Millard-Stafford Mindy L. , Warren Gordon L.
Published: December 2015

Collier, NB, Hardy, MA, Millard-Stafford, ML, and Warren, GL. Small beneficial effect of caffeinated energy drink ingestion on strength. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1862–1870, 2016—Because caffeine ingestion has been found to increase muscle strength, our aim was to determine whether caffeine when combined with other potential ergogenic ingredients, such as those in commercial energy drinks, would have a similar effect. Fifteen young healthy subjects were used in a double-blind, repeated-measures experimental design. Each subject performed 3 trials, ingesting either a caffeinated energy drink, an uncaffeinated version of the drink, or a placebo drink. The interpolated twitch procedure was used to assess maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) strength, electrically evoked strength, and percent muscle activation during MVIC of the knee extensors both before and after drink ingestion, and after a fatiguing bout of contractions; electromyographic (EMG) amplitude of the knee extensors during MVIC was also assessed. The mean (±SE) change in MVIC strength from before to after drink ingestion was significantly greater for the caffeinated energy drink compared with placebo [+5.0 (±1.7) vs. −0.5 (±1.5)%] and the difference between the drinks remained after fatigue (p = 0.015); the strength changes for the uncaffeinated energy drink were not significantly different from those of the other 2 drinks at any time. There was no significant effect of drink type on the changes in electrically evoked strength, percent muscle activation, and EMG from before to after drink ingestion. This study indicates that a caffeinated energy drink can increase MVIC strength but the effect is modest and the strength increase cannot be attributed to increased muscle activation. Whether the efficacy of energy drinks can be attributed solely to caffeine remains unclear.
La volatilidad de la tasa de crecimiento de la economía: Una explicación desde el teorema de Harrod
Authors: Bernal-Bellón José Reyes
Published: December 2015

Uno de los hechos estilizados de Kaldor (1961) se refiere a la constancia que se observa en la relación capital producto para los diferentes países. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar que la relación capital producto es constante pero difiere sustancialmente de la alta volatilidad de la relación incremental capital producto (ICOR). Adicionalmente, se usa el teorema de Harrod para mostrar mediante simples gráficos y a través de estimaciones data panel para 88 países que la volatilidad del ICOR define la volatilidad de la tasa de crecimiento económico.
El efecto interdependencia entre Colombia y Venezuela
Authors: Rodríguez Samacá Sandra Lucero
Published: December 2015

Uno de los hechos que ha caracterizado a la economía mundial en las últimas décadas ha sido el creciente grado de interdependencia económica. Los estudios empíricos en este tema se enfocan básicamente en la Unión Europea y en Estados Unidos, y relativamente son pocos los realizados para los países en desarrollo. En este trabajo se hace una extensión al modelo de McCallum (1996) para obtener una primera aproximación empírica en el caso Colombia-Venezuela, al tratar de medir los efectos repercusión en estos dos países cuando se implementan decisiones de política económica.
Índice de Riesgo de Situación Humanitaria (IRSH): una nueva metodología para caracterizar los fenómenos sociales
Authors: Castro Jiménez Daniel
Published: December 2015

En Colombia, el punto de partida de innumerables análisis relacionados con la difícil situación social del país está centrado en las consecuencias generadas por eventos ya sucedidos. En este sentido, es poco común encontrar estudios que realicen consideraciones en torno al grado de vulnerabilidad para enfrentar el advenimiento de problemas que impliquen la probabilidad de generar una “situación humanitaria”, lo cual se da por la complejidad y multidimensionalidad de los fenómenos sociales. Por lo anterior, la necesidad de contar con herramientas que faciliten el entendimiento y coordinación de ayuda se hace cada vez más evidente. Los resultados de la investigación de la cual se desprende este artículo, muestran el papel fundamental que tiene la economía “como ciencia social” para lograr descifrar las complejas relaciones sociales actuales. Por tanto, la Economía Social tiene un evidente interés por las situaciones humanitarias que se caracterizan en el presente artículo.
Reflexiones acerca de los desarrollos recientes del modelo de crecimiento de Harrod
Authors: Bernal-Bellón José Reyes
Published: December 2015

Este trabajo rescata el modelo de crecimiento de Harrod (1939) en torno al uso dado por las instituciones financieras internacionales para fijar metas de crecimiento económico y para establecer brechas de financiación. Así mismo, se muestran algunos de los desarrollos recientes en torno a la teoría del crecimiento económico que están orientados a solucionar el problema de inestabilidad derivado de la tasa de crecimiento garantizada. Por último, se deduce que el modelo de crecimiento de Harrod soporta la nueva teoría del crecimiento endógeno como lo muestran Hussein y Thirlwall (2000).
Segmentación laboral en Colombia durante el período 2001-2006
Authors: Pedraza Avella Ana Cecilia
Published: December 2015

Partiendo del concepto de que el trabajo garantiza un ingreso y un espacio de desarrollo, hoy en día con el reforzamiento de la precariedad laboral se considera importante que los individuos no solamente estén empleados sino que sus ocupaciones sean de calidad. La problemática de acceder a los mejores empleos sería menos relevante si para hacerlo fueran suficientes mejoras en productividad laboral; sin embargo, otras complicaciones aparecen cuando existen además barreras de entrada diferentes a las de capital humano, tal como advierte la teoría de segmentación laboral. En este contexto, el presente documento tiene como objetivo mostrar la existencia de segmentación laboral en Colombia en el período 2001-2006. A través de diferentes modelos econométricos, se comprueba que usar la escala de las empresas para dividir dualmente el mercado de trabajo da lugar a un segmento primario y otro secundario, donde el primero agrupa las mejores ocupaciones y tiene restringido su acceso.
Protección social, un análisis frente a la evolución de la teoría del valor
Authors: Castro Jiménez Daniel
Published: December 2015

Los procesos de protección social han estado enmarcados en el surgimiento mismo del capitalismo, y son justificados por las desigualdades generadas en las luchas de clases en los procesos de generación de valor. Sin embargo, dadas las complejas relaciones sociales, políticas y económicas que subyacen detrás del proceso productivo, el papel vital del trabajo en la formulación de la teoría del valor queda relegado a los anaqueles teóricos. En este sentido, el objetivo del presente documento es identificar cómo la noción de la teoría del valor ha variado de la mano de la evolución de los sistemas económicos y cómo estos cambios han delimitado los mecanismos de la protección social.
Aumento de la segmentación en el sistema de salud colombiano
Authors: Martínez Félix , Giraldo César , García Paola , Rodríguez Carlos , Barrios Sandra Milena
Published: December 2015

La Ley 100 de 1993 estableció el mandato legal de igualar los planes de beneficios en salud que reciben los colombianos, afiliados a los regímenes contributivo o subsidiado, antes del año 2001. Ese mandato no se ha cumplido al comenzar el año 2011. La razón de ello es que los recursos per cápita que reconoce el sistema para el régimen subsidiado siguen siendo cerca de la mitad de los que reconoce para el régimen contributivo, y en consecuencia también los beneficios. El estudio financiero del sector salud que aquí se presenta, demuestra que la brecha entre los dos regímenes se ha ampliado a través del tiempo, especialmente debido a la reducción del esfuerzo fiscal del gobierno nacional para el financiamiento de la salud de la población pobre, de manera que las tendencias objetivas hacia la segmentación de los beneficios se mantienen, a pesar de discursos e incluso formulaciones legales que ordenan la unificación de los planes de salud.
La evolución de la oferta laboral en Uruguay y sus diferencias de género (1991-2009)
Authors: Espinio Alma , Machado Alina
Published: December 2015

Este artículo analiza los cambios en la participación femenina y masculina en el mercado laboral de Uruguay en el período 1991-2009. Se estima la probabilidad de participar en el mercado de trabajo, la elasticidad no compensada de la oferta laboral y los cambios en los determinantes y su incidencia a través del tiempo, tanto para las decisiones de participación como para las horas trabajadas. Los resultados verifican la disminución de la incidencia de los factores que inhiben la participación femenina. Por otro lado, permiten identificar la mayor sensibilidad de la oferta laboral de las mujeres a los cambios en los salarios, así como las diferencias en la significación e incidencia de las variables sociodemográficas para el colectivo masculino y femenino. Ello se entiende relevante a los efectos del diseño de políticas laborales que contemplen las diferencias de género.
Políticas públicas en discapacidad en Colombia
Authors: Celis Romero Hugo Eduardo , Gutiérrez R. Pedro Evangelista
Published: December 2015

Este artículo presenta resultados de la investigación titulada: “Política pública para población con discapacidad en Colombia. ¿Fallo institucional o realidad inexistente?”, adelantada por los autores en desarrollo de su trabajo de grado de la Maestría en Ciencias Económicas en la Universidad Santo Tomás En Colombia, la discapacidad manifiesta enormes dimensiones. De acuerdo con los datos del último censo general de población, alrededor de siete de cada cien habitantes se encuentran afectados por algún tipo de discapacidad, lo que representa cerca de 3 millones de personas. Discapacidades que van desde problemas para moverse o caminar, relacionarse con los demás, entender o aprender, hasta otras limitaciones de carácter permanente. La mayor parte de estas personas son vulnerables, viven en condiciones de pobreza, la cual se extiende a sus familias, tienen una baja participación laboral y se encuentran excluidas del sistema económico, por lo que presentan altos niveles de insatisfacción de sus necesidades básicas. Lo anterior demanda que el Estado readecue su papel de interventor en la economía reestructurando el diseño institucional para la discapacidad a la mayor brevedad posible, pues en el momento, se presenta un serio vacío de orden institucional. Asimismo, en los planes de desarrollo territorial y sus presupuestos, se requieren acciones y recursos para la atención de estas poblaciones discapacitadas vulnerables.
El análisis y la formulación de estrategias como elemento de la competitividad de micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (mipymes) en el área metropolitana de bucaramanga
Authors: Vega Armenta Ancelmo José
Published: December 2015

El análisis y la formulación de estrategias en micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (mipymes) en los países de menor desarrollo industrial se ha adelantado principalmente como un componente más de la gestión administrativa y tecnológica, focalizada en el entorno externo empresarial y mediante el empleo de modelos originalmente formulados para grandes organizaciones multifuncionales. Con este tipo de abordaje, infortunadamente se ha subvalorado o desconocido la relevancia de elementos que, como la flexibilidad de este tipo de organizaciones empresariales, pueden constituirse en fuentes de ventaja sostenibles. En este artículo se presenta un modelo de análisis y práctica estratégica en la perspectiva de la teoría basada en los recursos; los desarrollos de Grant, 2010; Rangone, 1999 y Hall, 1992, adecuados a las características de mipymes. La característica más relevante del modelo es la facilidad para su aplicación por parte de los propietarios/ adminitradores de estas organizaciones. Con esto se desea contribuir a una mejor comprensión del funcionamiento de las mipymes en nuestro medio.
Sociología de la competitividad estructural en Colombia (1978-1994)
Authors: Ruiz Sarmiento Mario Humberto , Argáez Acuña Kellys Genoveva
Published: December 2015

Este ensayo elabora (I) un marco conceptual de la teoría del crecimiento endógeno y, luego, (II) lo utiliza para adelantar una lectura de la evolución de la competitividad estructural de la economía colombiana entre los años de 1978 y 1994, que comprende: desempeño de las variables - comercio exterior colombiano de habilidades para la empresa social productiva y para la búsqueda de renta (importaciones de capital humano y de capital investigación del resto del mundo) y (III) conclusiones.