bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practices and views about palliative care at the end of life: A survey of oncologists from the Italian region of Liguria
Authors: Giannubilo Irene , Battistuzzi Linda , Ruelle Tommaso , Poggio Francesca Benedetta , Buzzatti Giulia , D’Alonzo Alessia , Della Rovere Federica , Molinelli Chiara , Razeti Maria Grazia , Nardin Simone , Arecco Luca , Perachino Marta , Favero Diletta , Borea Roberto , Pronzato Paolo , Del Mastro Lucia , Vecchio Stefania , Bighin Claudia
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

We conducted an online survey to investigate oncologists' clinical practices and views on palliative care at the end of life in the Italian region of Liguria.

Methods:

The survey included 29 items divided into three sections: participant characteristics (n=6), hospital resources and practices (n=11), participant practices and views (n=12).

Results:

Twenty-one of the 41 medical oncologists invited completed the survey (51%). Although almost all reported the presence of palliative medicine physicians at their hospitals (90%), nearly half (48%) stated that palliative medicine physicians were not responsible for managing cancer patients at end of life, and 21% reported routine participation of palliative medicine physicians in multidisciplinary meetings. Thirty-eight percent of the respondents stated they never consulted psychologists regarding end of life patient care, and 43% reported they rarely did. Notably, a substantial proportion of participants stated that they administered active treatments to patients with six months life expectancy. Regarding integration between oncology and palliative medicine, an equal proportion felt it had been fully (48%) or partially achieved (48%) at their hospitals.

Conclusions:

Participants seemed fairly satisfied with the level of integration between oncology and palliative medicine at their hospitals, which contrasts with other findings regarding, for instance, the scant participation of palliative medicine physicians in multidisciplinary meetings. Exploring the impact of the novel regional clinical healthcare pathway for palliative care on practices at hospitals in Liguria will be crucial to ensure that cancer patients at end of life receive quality care.
Unlocking enterprise blockchain adoption: A R3 Corda case study
Authors: Han Hongdan , Shiwakoti Radha K , Chen Weifeng
Published: October 2024

This study seeks to offer a comprehensive and practical comprehension of the lessons that companies can derive from financial institutions to promote the adoption of blockchain technology for future growth. Utilising R3 Corda, the largest blockchain platform featuring prominent financial institutions, as a case study, this research collects a wealth of company-recorded videos, podcasts, webinars, and textual data that offer invaluable insights for this case analysis. This investigation strives to contribute to formulating a blockchain adoption framework, drawing inspiration from successful use cases in the financial sector. This research outlines the current institutional pressures, criteria for platform selection, a blockchain adoption checklist, and novel institutional arrangements, providing a structured approach for enterprises considering embracing blockchain solutions. This framework serves as a strategic guide, facilitating organisations in navigating the complexities of blockchain implementation and ensuring a seamless integration process that aligns with their unique goals and operational requirements. Hence, discerning how to judiciously select and participate in the right blockchain consortia/platform is paramount for fostering and managing new technological innovations as businesses undergo digital transformation.
Impact of statins on incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding events among patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Halawi Hala , Harris Jesse E , Nguyen Duc T , Graviss Edward A , Putney David , Kassi Mahwash
Published: October 2024

Background:

Patients with continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs) are at increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). Statins are commonly prescribed in LVAD patients for cardiovascular disease prevention. However, their impact on GIB events is controversial. Importantly, literature regarding statins impact on GIB in CF-LVAD patients is lacking.

Methods:

A single-center, retrospective review of adult patients who underwent CF-LVAD implantation between May 2016 and January 2020 was performed. Patients were categorized based on statin use throughout the study period. The primary outcome was the composite of arteriovenous malformation confirmed GIB and major GIB events for up to 1-year post-LVAD implantation.

Results:

Of 123 patients included in the final analysis, 66 (54%) received statin therapy during the study period. No difference was observed in the primary outcome between the statin and control groups (RR: 1.73; 95% CI: 0.75–3.98; p=0.20). Multivariable Cox regression revealed that older age and higher baseline creatinine were associated with an increased risk of GIB within 1-year of CF-LVAD implantation.

Conclusion:

Among patients with CF-LVADs, there was no significant difference in the incidence of major GIB events associated with the use of statin therapy. Further studies are needed to assess whether a true association exists.
Experimental investigation at reduced scale of the effect of a ceiling on the burning rate of a pool fire
Authors: Pretrel Hugues , Georges Emeline , Lefaux Nicolas , Suard Sylvain , Varrall Kevin , Vauquelin Olivier
Published: October 2024

This study examines the influence of the proximity of a ceiling on the burning rate of a fire in enclosures. The parameters included the pool diameter, distance to the ceiling and fuel type. The analysis focused on the average mass loss rate. The results confirmed the increase in mass loss rate with the elevation for all fuel types. This increase in the mass loss rate appears from a distance to the ceiling that is correlated with the flame height. It is caused by an increase in the heat flux emitted by the flame, which changes shape, and the temperature of the ceiling, which increases with the fire elevation. A correlation is proposed to predict the increase in mass loss rate as a function of the enthalpy ratio Δ H/ Lv and flame height. A comparison of the results with previous experimental studies demonstrated consistency between the different tests.
An Evaluation of the Mindless to Mindful (M2M) Intervention on Exercise Self-Regulation and Fat Mass Loss: A Case Study
Authors: Kawahata David , Biber Duke
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the impact of the Mindless to Mindful intervention on fat mass loss in adults.

Design

This was a single-group case study.

Setting

A fitness center delivered by certified fitness professionals.

Subjects

222 adults who participated in M2M as a team or as individuals, and 195 completed the entire intervention (attrition rate = 12.16%).

Intervention

M2M was an 8-week behavior change intervention with tailored coaching, group moderate-to-vigorous exercise (MVE) and self-regulation techniques.

Measures

Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Jackson-Pollock 4-site body fat measure, brief self-control scale, self-compassion scale, and a daily exercise log.

Analysis

Paired sample t-tests were used to determine differences within groups and a one-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences between groups ( P-value <.05).

Results

Participants engaged in an average of 4.88 h ( SD = 2.04) of MVE per week. There was a significant decrease in fat mass ( M = £7.65; P < .001) and increase in self-control ( t = 6.248, P < .001, d = .300) and self-compassion ( t = 4.314, P < .001, d = .165).

Conclusion

Self-monitoring, group exercise, and individualized coaching can promote self-regulation and fat mass loss.
Evaluation of Plasma-Lyte Versus Lactated Ringer’s in Surgical Intensive Care Unit Trauma Patients as Fluid Resuscitation
Authors: DeFrank Anna , Wang Shan , Islam Shahidul , Asmus Kim , Joseph D’Andrea
Published: October 2024

In critically ill patients, fluid resuscitation with balanced crystalloids close to plasma osmolarity have a lower risk of electrolyte imbalances and demonstrated better clinical outcomes compared to normal saline (NS). While lactated ringer’s (LR) has shown benefit over NS, plasma-lyte (PL) with a higher osmolarity and different electrolyte formulation is hypothesized to be superior. We performed a retrospective observational cohort study over 37 months at a tertiary hospital. Inclusion criteria were hospitalization in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU), trauma indication, ≥18 years old, and received either PL or LR. All PL administrations and every fifth patient with LR as resuscitation were included in order to match the sample size in each group. Primary outcomes were SICU length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, and mortality. Secondary outcomes were biomarker changes from baseline. There were 113 patients in both PL and LR groups. The PL arm had higher APACHE II scores (16 vs 13, P = .033) and were more likely ventilated (39.3% vs 20.4%, P = .002) compared to LR. Median hospital LOS (12.0 vs 8.0, P < .001) and SICU LOS (6.0 vs 3.0, P < .001) are significantly longer in PL group compared to the LR group. However, there was no difference in in-hospital mortality (5.3% vs 3.5% P = .519) and SICU mortality (9.7% vs 5.3%, P > .208) between PL and LR. Overall, PL use was associated with prolonged hospital and SICU LOS. PL use did not demonstrate mortality benefit. However, patients were more critically ill in PL group based on higher APACHE II scores and higher rates of mechanical ventilation, which could be contributing to these unfavorable outcomes.
Control synchronization of the anti-resonance vibration system with two eccentric rotors driven by the motors
Authors: Peng Huan , Hou Yongjun , Fang Pan
Published: October 2024

The present research works focuses on the control synchronization of anti-resonance vibration system (ARVS) with two eccentric rotors driven by the motors. The small parameters average method and Hamilton’s criterion are employed to analyze the self-synchronous theory of the proposed system from the views of mechanics and mathematics. The research results show that the zero-phase synchronization between two motors is difficult to carry out owing to its own weak coupling property; the ideal dynamic characteristics of the ARVS are easily destroyed by the material quality fluctuation. Therefore, the controllers of the angular speed and phase angle are designed by using the sliding mode control (SMC) algorithm with master-slave control structure. And then Lyapunov theory is used to prove the stability of the controllers. Moreover, some simulation results are given to explore the feasibility and validity of the proposed controllers. The results indicate that the zero-phase synchronization between two motors can be performed by using the proposed control strategy; meanwhile, the ideal dynamic characteristics of the ARVS can be maintained by the proposed controllers with the material quality fluctuation; additionally, a strong robustness of the control system is carried out to reject the structural parametric interferences to the dynamic characteristics. The results can provide a control method for the engineering design of the anti-resonance vibration machine and help anti-resonance vibration machine adapt to more complex working environment.
Robust integrated control of autonomous vehicles path following with response performance improvement considering lateral stability
Authors: Kang Nan , Tang Hongbo , Han Yi
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a robust integrated control scheme is developed for autonomous vehicles path following considering both yaw stability and roll stability. First, a controller with H∞ and optimal guaranteed cost performances is presented, and the poles of the closed-loop system are configured in a given disk region to improve the state response performance. The controller outputs front and rear wheel angles for path following, as well as an external yaw moment and an external roll moment for lateral stability control. Secondly, the braking forces acted on four wheels are optimally distributed by means of quadratic programing. Besides, the steering angles of the four wheels conform to the Ackermann geometry relation. Finally, the proposed control scheme is verified by CarSim/Simulink co-simulation, the results show that the scheme has better performance on path following accuracy and stability of yaw and roll. Meanwhile, constraining the poles in a given disk region can improve the state response performance of the vehicle during operation.
Trajectory tracking multi-constraint model predictive control of unmanned vehicles based on sideslip stiffness estimation with XGBoost algorithm
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Zheng Wenjie , Hu Jinfang , Fan Jiankang
Published: October 2024

When the vehicle is driving at high speed on a slippery road, the sideslip stiffness of the tire which is closely related to the lateral force of the tire, will vary with the change of road conditions, tire inflation pressure, vertical load, and other factors. If the tire sideslip stiffness is set to a fixed value in the control system based on the model design, the uncertainty of the sideslip stiffness will cause a large error with the actual application. Therefore, in order to improve the trajectory tracking accuracy of the vehicle on the slippery road surface under the premise of ensuring the stability of the vehicle, an intelligent vehicle trajectory tracking control strategy considering the influence of sideslip stiffness is designed in this paper. In order to solve the multiple constraints of the vehicle driving on the low-adhesion road surface, a trajectory tracking controller based on the multi-constraint model predictive control algorithm is designed, and then the tire sideslip stiffness estimation strategy is designed based on the XGBoost algorithm, and the estimated sideslip deviation stiffness is added to the trajectory tracking control model. Carsim and MATLAB/Simulink are used to perform co-simulation to verify the accuracy of the proposed tire sideslip stiffness estimation and the tracking performance of the trajectory tracking controller. In order to further verify the reliability of the research content, the relevant working condition tests are carried out on the hardware-in-the-loop platform based on Carsim and LabVIEW, and the effectiveness of the trajectory tracking controller considering the influence of sideslip stiffness is verified.
Does high body mass index affect short-term clinical and radiologic outcomes in robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty?
Authors: Li MingYang , Zhang Han , Zhu HaoXiang , Zhang YongTao
Published: October 2024

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine whether high BMI affect short-term clinical and radiologic outcomes of robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by comparing the clinical outcomes, radiologic outcomes and complications between high BMI and normal patients.

Methods

We retrospectively compared the short-term clinical and radiological outcomes of 424 knees (408 patients). The patients were divided into four groups: BMI < 24.9 kg/m2 (normal); BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m2 (overweight); BMI between 30.0 and 34.9 kg/m2 (obese class I) and BMI between 35.0 and 39.9 kg/m2 (obese class II). Clinical and radiologic outcomes were evaluated.

Results

There was no significant difference in radiologic outcomes between those groups ( p > .05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in operation time, drainage volume, fall in hemoglobin, post-operative CRP and complications, including periprosthetic fracture and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), between those groups.

Conclusion

High BMI does not affect short-term clinical and radiologic outcomes in robot-assisted TKA.
Public awareness of mental illness: Mental health literacy or concept creep?
Authors: Haslam Nick , Tse Jesse SY
Published: October 2024

Rising awareness of mental illness has increased the public’s mental health literacy, with positive implications for help-seeking and destigmatization. We argue that it has also enlarged the public’s concept of mental illness. People have become better at recognizing the presence of mental illness but may have become worse at recognizing its absence. This conceptual expansion fosters unwarranted self-diagnosis, the pathologization of ordinary distress, and unnecessary treatment. It is incumbent on mental health professionals to promote accurate knowledge of mental illness and push back against overly expansive concepts of it.
Considering the Environmental Impact of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery
Authors: Keating Muireann , de Blacam Catherine
Published: October 2024

Objective

We sought to calculate the waste generated by cleft lip and palate (CL/P) procedures and to increase awareness of the environmental impact of our speciality.

Design

Waste from 5 CL/P procedures was categorised into 5 streams and weighed. A carbon calculator tool was used to convert weight of waste in to estimated carbon emission over a 12-month period.

Setting

The study was carried out in a university teaching hospital.

Patients and Participants

This was an assessment of the waste produced from 5 paediatric CL/P procedures.

Main Outcome Measures

Weight of waste produced as result of CL/P procedures, measured in kilograms (kg); weight of CO2, measured in kg.

Results

We found that 768.5 kg of surgical waste was generated by CL/P procedures at our centre annually. This equates to 2653 kg of CO2.

Conclusions

This study serves as a reminder of surgeons’ responsibility to oversee how the waste we produce is disposed of.
The Unique Perspective of an Expert Humanitarian Nurse: A Case Study
Authors: Taylor Noelle , Gaul Raiden , Harper Abigail
Published: October 2024

Nurses perform a key role in national and international humanitarian efforts. This case study of a highly experienced Registered Nurse who has engaged in international humanitarian projects for more than 30 years provides unique insight into the way nurses care for underserved populations. This nurse constructed knowledge and derived meaning from her practice by utilizing Carper's Patterns of Knowing. Many previous studies have proposed that Aesthetic Knowing is the dominant form of knowledge most nurses use to synthesize their understanding. However, in her personal account, this nurse identified Ethical Knowing as the overarching framework she used to construct all her other forms of knowledge and to derive meaning from her experiences. Findings from this case study identify significant themes related to the role of nurses in humanitarian work, and provide new insight into prevailing Western theoretical frameworks and how nurses can address health disparities among marginalized populations.
Causality Between ADHD, ASD, and CVDs: A Two-Step, Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Investigation
Authors: Zheng Zequn , Cai Dihui
Published: October 2024

Background:

While observational studies have established a connection between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and heightened risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the causal relationships are not well-defined. This study is designed to examine the causality between ASD, ADHD, and CVD risk as well as investigate the mediating factors through which ADHD and ASD influence CVD.

Methods and Results:

Leveraging two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches and large scale GWAS summary stats, we examined underlying causal links between ASD and ADHD and the risk of CVDs. The analysis indicated that ADHD was related to an increased likelihood of developing coronary heart disease (OR [95% CI] 1.12 [1.03, 1.21], p = .008), heart failure (OR [95% CI] 1.14 [1.07, 1.22], p = 1.45 × 10−4), and large-artery stroke (OR [95% CI] 1.35 [1.09, 1.66], p = .005). In parallel, ASD showed a correlation with a greater atrial fibrillation risk (OR [95% CI] 1.09 [1.03, 1.16], p = .005] and heart failure (OR [95% CI] 1.11 [1.04, 1.19], p = .004). Additionally, we explored the mediating role of CVD risk factors through two-step MR and multivariable MR, highlighting the possible role of smoking, prescription opioid use, triglycerides, education, income, Townsend deprivation index, and obesity in the causal association of ADHD, ASD, on CVDs.

Conclusion:

This MR study highlights the necessity for rigorous cardiovascular surveillance and interventions to decrease adverse cardiovascular events in people with ADHD or ASD by preventing identified mediating risk factors.
Adolescent-Reported Changes in Provider Behavior Following Pediatrician Training in Stimulant Diversion Prevention: Results From a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Molina Brooke S. G. , Joseph Heather M. , Kipp Heidi L. , Pedersen Sarah L. , Kolko David J. , Lindstrom Rachel A. , Bauer Daniel J. , Subramaniam Geetha A.
Published: October 2024

Objective:

To test whether pediatrician training leads to provider utilization of stimulant diversion prevention strategies as reported by adolescent patients with ADHD.

Methods:

Pediatric practices received a stimulant diversion prevention workshop (SDP) or continued treatment-as-usual (TAU) in a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Surveys were completed by 341 stimulant-treated patients at baseline and three follow-up assessments.

Results:

In intent-to-treat analyses of patient reports, SDP adolescents reported more provider use of diversion prevention strategies compared to TAU. They also reported more parent-patient communication about diversion. Provider satisfaction with the training was strong.

Conclusions:

Pediatricians can make use of clinical practice strategies for the prevention of stimulant diversion following a 1-hr training; findings are novel given their reliance on confidential patient report of provider behavior and increase confidence in the results. Coupled with the positive provider satisfaction ratings, results suggest that this brief workshop may be an option for concerned providers that also has the effect of increasing discussion at home about safe use of stimulants.
Evaluation of postoperative outcomes after cataract surgery in patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Uveitis
Authors: Bajraktari Gentian , Jukić Tomislav , Kalauz Miro , Oroz Martin , Bertetić Andrea Radolović , Vukojević Nenad
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the postoperative outcomes of cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation on visual outcomes and complications in pediatric patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Uveitis.

Methods

This study included 25 patients (30 eyes) with uveitis and cataracts who underwent cataract surgery. The study was conducted as a retrospective study. Patients were divided into two groups based on their preoperative treatment: those who received immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) along with systemic corticosteroids and those who received IMT in combination with a biologic therapy. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), central macular thickness (CMT), macular volume (MV), and postoperative complications were assessed at various time points up to 12 months. All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon.

Results

Significant improvement in BCVA were observed postoperatively in both study groups, with approximately 80% of eyes showing improvement. Mean BCVA improved from 0.89 ± 0.63 to 0.37 ± 0.33 in group 1and from 0.82 ± 0.68 to 0.35 ± 0.31 in group 2 after 12 months. Postoperatively, there was a decrease in mean IOP, with no significant variance observed between the two groups. Complications were observed in 73% of cases, including posterior capsular opacification (PCO), secondary glaucoma, and macular edema (ME), but did not significantly differ between groups.

Conclusion

Cataract surgery in children with uveitis associated with JIA presents significant challenges due to the risk of postoperative complications, even with adequate preoperative and postoperative care. The similar improvement in BCVA observed in both groups suggests that different systemic therapies were sufficient for satisfactory control of inflammation before and after surgery.
Refining delivery and positioning: A modified approach to FIL SSF intraocular lens implantation using the “full reverse” technique
Authors: Chisci Enea , Torregrossa Giulia , Torregrossa Salvatore , Mantia Alberto La
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To present a modified surgical technique for implantation of the sutureless scleral-fixated hydrophilic intraocular lens (FIL SSF).

Methods

Single surgeon retrospective case series and review of surgical videos with step-by-step technique analysis. Uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity (UCVA and BCVA), refractive error (spherical equivalent), full clinical examination with intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, endothelial cell density on corneal specular microscopy and macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) were recorded at baseline, 1, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively.

Results

The FIL SSF IOLs were successfully implanted using the so-called “full reverse” technique, having the lens loaded in the injector in an upside-down fashion, as opposed to IOL technical specifications. In all cases, the FIL SSF IOL was properly placed in the ciliary sulcus, well-centered and without signs of tilt. Follow up figures at 2 months are consistent with published data, confirming the potential benefits of the new implantation technique.

Conclusion

In our preliminary experience, the “full reverse” technique of the FIL SSF IOL has proven effective in preventing incorrect IOL orientation in 100% of cases. However, larger prospective controlled studies and longer follow up are required to either support or disprove our results.
A qualitative study of factors influencing evidence-based practice of blood collection by clinical nurses via central venous access devices
Authors: Qian Yan , Shen Wangqin , Qin Yi , Jin Xiaohong , Hu Feihong
Published: October 2024

Background:

Several studies have upheld the advantages of blood collection using via central venous access device (CVAD); the procedure has a high success rate and avoids painful repeated punctures. Some studies have suggested that via central venous access device (CVAD) blood collection is preferable for acute and critical care, oncology, and pediatric patients. However, there is no consensus on or standardization of this approach.

Purpose:

To explore the facilitators of and barriers factors of evidence-based decision-making in CVAD blood collection in clinical practice.

Methods:

This was a qualitative study guided by phenomenological research. A purposive sampling method was used to select 13 clinical nurses from two public hospitals in China to conduct semi-structured personal interviews. The interview outline was designed based on a literature review and the i-PARIHS theoretical framework, and information was organized and analyzed using the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.

Results:

Two themes and seven sub-themes were derived from the analysis of interview data. Facilitating factors: (1) nurses’ trust the evidence-based nursing decisions; (2) low rate of operational complications; (3) high success rate of blood collection; (4) nurses’ sense of professional benefit; Hindering factors: (1) preparation of operational materials and time-consuming operation; (2) nursing interruptions; (3) patients’ economic factors. The interview data showed that CVAD blood collection is suitable for critically ill patients, children, patients with poor venous conditions and poor cooperation.

Conclusion:

This study provides guidance for advancing the clinical application of evidence-based CVAD blood collection. Evidence-based nursing culture, operational advantages, and nurses’ sense of professional benefit were effective facilitators of the evidence-based practice. Researchers need to optimize the operating materials and methods, and comprehensively consider multiple factors to promote the better application of evidence.
Intrinsically Disordered Compositional Bias in Proteins: Sequence Traits, Region Clustering, and Generation of Hypothetical Functional Associations
Authors: Harrison Paul M
Published: October 2024

Compositionally biased regions (CBRs), ie, tracts that are dominated by a subset of residue types, are common features of eukaryotic proteins. These are often found bounded within or almost coterminous with intrinsically disordered or ‘natively unfolded’ parts. Here, it is investigated how the function of such intrinsically disordered compositionally biased regions (ID-CBRs) is directly linked to their compositional traits, focusing on the well-characterized yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) proteome as a test case. The ID-CBRs that are clustered together using compositional distance are discovered to have clear functional linkages at various levels of diversity. The specific case of the Sup35p and Rnq1p proteins that underlie causally linked prion phenomena ([PSI+] and [RNQ+]) is highlighted. Their prion-forming ID-CBRs are typically clustered very close together indicating some compositional engendering for [RNQ+] seeding of [PSI+] prions. Delving further, ID-CBRs with distinct types of residue patterning such as ‘blocking’ or relative segregation of residues into homopeptides are found to have significant functional trends. Specific examples of such ID-CBR functional linkages that are discussed are: Q/N-rich ID-CBRs linked to transcriptional coactivation, S-rich to transcription-factor binding, R-rich to DNA-binding, S/E-rich to protein localization, and D-rich linked to chromatin remodelling. These data may be useful in informing experimental hypotheses for proteins containing such regions.
Real-World Data Presenting the Descriptive Analysis of the Use of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) Among Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (mNSCLC) Patients in Qatar: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Dawoud Rawan , Saman Harman , Rasul Kakil , Jibril Farah , Sahal Arwa , Al-Okka Randa , Mahfouz Yaser , Omar Nabil E. , Hamad Anas , Mohsen Reyad , Kanbour Aladdin , Battikh Naim , Chandra Prem , Elazzazy Shereen
Published: October 2024

Background:

There has been significant improvement in treating metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) over the past 2 decades. The aim of this study is to describe the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in Qatar. This study focuses on the objective response rate (ORR) and reported adverse drug events (ADEs) of TKIs used for the management of patients with mNSCLC.

Methods:

This is a descriptive retrospective cohort study. All non–small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations who received TKIs between 2015 and 2019 in Qatar were included. The TKIs used during this period include EGFR inhibitors such as afatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, and osimertinib and ALK inhibitors such as alectinib and crizotinib. The response on each TKI was identified by reporting the ORR (as the sum of the complete response [CR] and the partial response [PR]), in addition stable disease (SD) and disease progression (DP) were reported. While ADEs were reported using the National Cancer Institute’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE).

Results:

A total of 63 patients were included, of which 36 cases (57.1%) expressed EGFR mutation, and 27 patients (42.9%) expressed ALK rearrangement. The ORR in EGFR inhibitors was as follows: osimertinib 40%, gefitinib 33%, afatinib 22%, and erlotinib 18%. However, the response to the ALK-targeted therapy was 43% with alectinib and 40% with crizotinib. A total of 112 ADEs were reported. They were distributed as 63.4% (71 of 112) with the anti-EGFR and 36.6% (41 of 112) ADEs with the ALK inhibitors. In the anti-EGFR group, the most common types of ADEs were dermatological toxicity 30%, whereas, in the anti-ALK group, gastrointestinal toxicity was the most common (29%).

Conclusions:

The EGFR-targeted and ALK-targeted therapies appear to have acceptable clinical response rate and safety profile in our population. Close and frequent monitoring of adverse events is advised to ensure a good quality of life and prevent serious complications.
Effect mechanism of softening zone constraint on tensile failure of high-strength steel laser-welded joints
Authors: Zou Shuangyang , Mu Weidong , Zhang Bin , Dong Hao , Li Wucheng , Cai Yan
Published: October 2024

Softening of the heat-affected zone degrades the mechanical properties of high-strength steel-welded joints. This work revealed the key mechanism to suppress the adverse effects of the soft zone on joint performance by analyzing the constraint between different zones. The base metal (BM) can compete with the soft zone for plastic deformation when the soft zone is strongly constrained by the hard zone, which helps to disperse local strain and prevent premature necking. The constraint mode of the soft zone tends to evolve asymmetrically from bilateral to unilateral during the deformation. Reducing the width of the soft zone helps to achieve unilateral constraint, thus shifting the fracture location from the soft zone to the BM.
Media construction of pseudo-events: Lula da Silva at the Portugal’s parliament during a historic annual celebration
Authors: Ribeiro Pedro Eduardo
Published: October 2024

The Carnation Revolution (25th April 1974) has changed the course of Portugal, leading it to transition from an autocratic to a democratic Government. Every year, celebrations are conducted at the national Parliament. In 2023, it counted with another guest: Lula da Silva, Brazil’s ongoing president. Considering the notion of cultural memory and media construction of social reality through media events, this article notes Lula da Silva’s presence and exceptional address was portrayed on newspaper front pages of several journalistic media outlets. Therefore, it aims at understanding meaning and discourse production with Lula da Silva’s visit to Portugal on the 25th April 2023 through media coverage and first page highlight. Lula da Silva is noticed by the front pages under analysis as a controversial, entertaining, and eventful celebrity linked to specific positioned actors that is invited to the Parliament and prompts indirectly and directly discontentment and, at the same time, support. Also, it discusses how such spotlight over Lula da Silva turned that visit and Parliament’s address it into a pseudo-event. Adopting a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis approach, this research work intends to offer a multimodal eye upon those front pages and critically reflect on populism, coloniality, cultural memory, and journalism.
Counting the coils in cylindrical helical compression springs: A clarification note
Authors: Dragoni Eugenio
Published: October 2024

Despite an early paper by Vogt addressing the difference between free and active coils and between end and dead coils, current design recommendations for the coil count in cylindrical helical compression springs do not enter in such details. This results in underestimating the flexibility of the spring and overestimating its solid length. This technical note clarifies the meaning of the relevant coil numbers and provides formal relationships that help the designer improve the prediction of the spring rate and of the solid length. Though the analysis can be applied to any type of spring ends, it is particularly effective for the typical squared and ground end setup, which is most frequently encountered in practice.
Effect of Age at Liver Transplant on Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life Among Adolescents
Authors: Marshall Alison F. , Mandac Carmen , Qin FeiFei , Boothroyd Derek , Nasr Annette S.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Life expectancy for pediatric liver transplant patients has increased over the past decade. Different stages of the transplant process can impact patients' quality of life (QOL) and create psychological and physical stressors. This study explored whether age at transplant affected adolescents' feelings of anxiety, depression, and QOL. Design: In this cross-sectional quantitative study, data were collected on 22 adolescent patients aged 13-18 who received a transplant at least 12 months before enrollment. This cohort was divided into 2 groups based on their age at transplant: Group 1 (0-5 years) and Group 2 (6-18 years). To assess transplant-related anxiety, depression, and QOL, participants completed 3 surveys: the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Transplant Module (PedsQL TM). Results: Group 1 experienced less anxiety and fewer problems based on GAD-7 scores but reported stronger feelings of depression based on PHQ-9 scores. Based on the PedsQL TM scale, Group 1 had higher mean scores compared to Group 2 across all components (mean difference range: 7.2- 27.3; Cohen's d range: 0.27 - 1.13). The largest difference between the 2 groups was observed on the PedsQL TM scale's How I Look (Group 1 mean 81.1 vs. Group 2 mean 53.8; Cohen's d: 1.13; P = 0.015), Conclusion: In this cohort, age at transplant affected adolescents' feelings of anxiety, depression, and QOL. Awareness of these findings can help clinicians screen for and address mental health issues.
Ramosetron 3.0 μg/mL Combining with Dexamethasone (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 mg/mL) in Infusion Solutions: A Physicochemical Stability Study
Authors: Fang Baoxia , Zhao Lijun , Yu Shirong , Chen Fuchao
Published: October 2024

Background

Dexamethasone in conjunction with type 3 serotonin receptor antagonists are being used to the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and postoperative nausea and vomiting in clinic. The present study aimed to investigates the stability of ramosetron with dexamethasone in infusions, with the goal of enhancing the safety and clinical applicability of their combined use.

Methods

Ramosetron hydrochloride (3.0 μg/mL) combining with dexamethasone (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 mg/mL) were prepared with 0.9% sodium chloride injection and then packaged in polyolefin bags or glass bottles. The stability were investigated kept in the dark at refrigeration for 14 days and at room temperature for 48 h.

Results

The concentration of both drugs maintained at least 97% in the various solutions for both storage conditions with light protection. In the light exposure conditions, as the extension of storage time, the concentration of both drugs had declined. All antiemetic mixture solutions remained clear and no changes in color, turbidity, precipitation, and the pH remained stable. The insoluble particles were in line with Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that combinations of ramosetron hydrochloride with dexamethasone sodium phosphate in 0.9% sodium chloride injection remain stable for 14 days at 4°C and 48 h at 25°C when protected from light.
Asserting the public interest in health data: On the ethics of data governance for biobanks and insurers
Authors: Metcalf Kathryne , Sadowski Jathan
Published: October 2024

Recent reporting has revealed that the UK Biobank (UKB)—a large, publicly-funded research database containing highly-sensitive health records of over half a million participants—has shared its data with private insurance companies seeking to develop actuarial AI systems for analyzing risk and predicting health. While news reports have characterized this as a significant breach of public trust, the UKB contends that insurance research is “in the public interest,” and that all research participants are adequately protected from the possibility of insurance discrimination via data de-identification. Here, we contest both of these claims. Insurers use population data to identify novel categories of risk, which become fodder in the production of black-boxed actuarial algorithms. The deployment of these algorithms, as we argue, has the potential to increase inequality in health and decrease access to insurance. Importantly, these types of harms are not limited just to UKB participants: instead, they are likely to proliferate unevenly across various populations within global insurance markets via practices of profiling and sorting based on the synthesis of multiple data sources, alongside advances in data analysis capabilities, over space/time. This necessitates a significantly expanded understanding of the publics who must be involved in biobank governance and data-sharing decisions involving insurers.
Podcasts as a tool for promoting health-related behaviours: A scoping review
Authors: Robins Bethany , Delaney Tessa , Maher Carol , Singh Ben
Published: October 2024

Background

Podcasts are a popular medium for delivering health-related content, potentially influencing physical and mental health behaviours and outcomes. This scoping review evaluates the impact of health podcasts on such outcomes, engagement levels, and public perceptions.

Methods

This scoping review followed the Arksey and O'Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Qualitative or quantitative articles published from 2004 onward were included. Eligibility criteria were developed using the Population, Exposure and Outcome framework. Included articles examined the use, engagement with, or perspectives towards health-related podcasts. Data were synthesised narratively.

Results

Fifty articles encompassing 38 studies were analysed. Significant improvements ( p < 0.05) were observed in health monitoring, knowledge, behaviours, attitudes, chronic disease management, maternal health and behavioural improvements. Results were mixed for physical activity ( n = 2 significantly improved, n = 2 no change), fruit and vegetable consumption ( n = 1 significantly improved, n = 1 no change), and weight outcomes ( n = 2 significantly improved, n = 2 no change). No significant changes were observed in depression and anxiety. Podcast engagement studies ( n = 7) reported participation rates between 62% and 83% and an average weekly listening duration of 103–124 minutes. There was high satisfaction, trust and appreciation for podcasts that effectively blended personal anecdotes with reliable medical information. Sample sizes ranged from 7 to 722, with sample age ranging from under 18 to 73.2 ± 6.2 years. Studies included both male ( n = 1), female ( n = 6) and mixed samples ( n = 24). Podcasts were used individually ( n = 19), alongside other supportive technology such as apps and online material ( n = 11) and retrospective podcast use was analysed in cross-sectional ( n = 3) and a single ( n = 1) audit. Duration of podcasts ranged from 30 seconds to 24 minutes.

Conclusion

Podcasts show promise as effective tools for health promotion, achieving strong engagement and effects on knowledge and behaviours. Future research should explore content innovation and integration into health interventions, and long-term effectiveness.
Ostial Atresia After Coronary Unroofing for Anomalous Aortic Origin of the Left Coronary Artery
Authors: Sainathan Sandeep , Mullinari Leonardo , Arumugam Nitya
Published: October 2024

In this case report, we describe a 16-year-old patient who developed ostial atresia of the left main coronary artery after a coronary unroofing procedure for anomalous aortic origin of the left coronary artery from the right coronary sinus. This was successfully addressed with a coronary patch ostioplasty.
Pentraxin-3 is a novel marker for the diagnosis of endometriosis
Authors: Gercik Arzik Ilayda , Saglam Ceren , Giray Burak , Arzik Ali Onur , Purut Yunus Emre , Kahyaoglu Serkan
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Endometriosis is one of the most common reproductive disorders affecting women. The pathophysiology of endometriosis is also quite complicated, and many mechanisms have been put forward. Pentraxin-3 is a glycoprotein released by leukocyte and myeloid dendritic cells in peripheral blood with the stimulation of some cytokines, especially IL-1 and TNF-α, Toll-Like Receptor agonists, or microbial components. It has been shown that pentraxin-3 is also released from ectopic endometrial cells. The aim of this study is to investigate serum pentraxin-3 levels and their correlation with endometriosis in women with endometriosis and healthy women without endometriosis.

Methods:

This case-control study evaluated patients diagnosed with endometriosis based on imaging techniques or laparoscopy between 2018 and 2020. Serum samples of 71 patients who had been diagnosed with endometriosis as a case group and 56 healthy patients who had undergone laparoscopic tubal ligation and were proven to be endometriosis-free as a control group were compared for pentraxin-3 level.

Results:

Serum pentraxin-3 level was significantly higher in the endometriosis group compared with the control group ( p < 0.05). Parity and gravida were significantly higher in the control group than in the endometriosis group. When patients with endometriosis surgery history were excluded, there was no significant change in serum pentraxin-3 levels in patients with medical treatment for endometriosis ( p > 0.05). Both the sensitivity and specificity of serum pentraxin-3 were 73.2%.

Conclusions:

These results demonstrate a relationship between serum pentraxin-3 and endometriosis. Serum pentraxin-3 might be used as a non-invasive method for the diagnosis of endometriosis.
Combination therapy with ruxolitinib and pegylated interferon alfa-2a in newly diagnosed patients with polycythemia vera
Authors: Sørensen Anders Lindholm , Skov Vibe , Kjær Lasse , Bjørn Mads Emil , Eickhardt-Dalbøge Christina Schjellerup , Larsen Morten Kranker , Nielsen Claus H , Thomsen Carsten , Rahbek Gjerdrum Lise Mette , Knudsen Trine Alma , Ellervik Christina , Overgaard Ulrik Malthe , Andersen Christen Lykkegaard , Hasselbalch Hans
Published: October 2024

We report the 2-year end-of-study results from the phase 2 COMBI II clinical trial investigating the combination treatment of ruxolitinib and low-dose pegylated interferon alfa-2a in patients with newly diagnosed polycythemia vera (PV). The primary outcome was safety and key secondary endpoints were efficacy, based on hematologic parameters, quality-of-life measurements, and JAK2V617F variant allele frequency (VAF). We used the 2013 European LeukemiaNet and International Working Group-Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Research remission criteria. The remission criteria included remissions in symptoms, splenomegaly, peripheral blood counts, and bone marrow. We included 25 patients with PV with a median age of 70 years; 5 of those had prior thromboembolic events and 3 had computed tomography–verified splenomegaly. Two patients stopped both study drugs; 1 of these due to progression to post-PV myelofibrosis, the only one with a grade 3 infection. No events of herpes zoster infections were observed. None of the patients discontinued treatment due to psychiatric symptoms. The peripheral blood cell count remission rate was 92% at 24 months. Using the 2013 European LeukemiaNet and International Working Group-Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Research remission criteria, 14 (56%) achieved remission at 24 months; 3 (12%) achieved complete remission and 11 (44%) achieved partial remission. The following items from the Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Total Symptom Score were significantly reduced: abdominal discomfort, night sweats, itching, and bone pain. The median JAK2V617F VAF decreased from 47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35-59) to 7% (95% CI, 3-15), and 60% of patients achieved molecular remission. In conclusion, combination treatment improved cell counts; bone marrow cellularity, and fibrosis; and decreased JAK2V617F VAF; with acceptable toxicity in patients with PV. The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu as #EudraCT2018-004150-13.