bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Probiotics on Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Rui , Hu Juanjuan , Han Liang , Li Zuojing
Published: September 2023

Background: Gestational diabetes is a common complication during pregnancy that can lead to numerous adverse outcomes. Some studies suggest that probiotics may be used to treat gestational diabetes, however, the results remain controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of probiotics on blood glucose and pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed (start date to August 22, 2023). Primary outcomes included fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting serum insulin (FSI), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). Secondary outcomes included pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Results: 15 articles (n = 1006 women) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Compared to a placebo, probiotics can decrease FBS (MD -2.58, 95% CI -4.38 to -0.79, p < 0.01), FSI (MD -2.29, 95% CI -3.40 to -1.18, p < 0.01), HOMA-IR (MD -0.56, 95% CI -0.81 to -0.32, p < 0.01), birthweight (MD -101.20, 95% CI -184.62 to -17.77, p = 0.02), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.89, p = 0.01), and hyperbilirubinemia (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.61, p < 0.01), alongside higher QUICKI (MD 0.01, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.01, p < 0.01). However, no other significant results were obtained. Conclusion: Probiotics may improve blood glucose indicators and reduce neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, NICU admissions, and birth weight in women with GDM.
Long-Term Survival Prediction Model for Community-Dwelling Elderly Using Deep Learning Method
Authors: Cho Kyoung Hee , Paek Jong-Min , Ko Kwang-Man
Published: September 2023

In a super-aged society, maintaining healthy aging, preventing death, and enabling a continua-tion of economic activities are crucial. This study sought to develop a model for predicting the survival time in community-dwelling older individuals by using a deep learning method, and to identify the level of influence of various risk factors on the survival period, so that older in-dividuals can manage their own health. This study used the Korean National Health Insurance Service claims data. We observed community-dwelling older people, aged 66 years, for 11 years and developed a survival time prediction model. Of the 189,697 individuals enrolled at baseline, 180,235 (95.0%) survived from 2009 to 2019, while 9,462 (5.0%) died. Using deep learning based models (C statistics = 0.7011), we identified Charlson’s comorbidity index; the frailty index; long-term care benefit grade; disability grade; income level; a combination of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia; sex; smoking status; and alcohol consumption habit as factors impacting survival. In particular, Charlson’s comorbidity index (SHAP value: 0.0445) and frailty index (SHAP value: 0.0443) were strong predictors of survival time. Older individuals should rec-ognize modifiable risk factors that affect survival period in order to manage their own health.
Genicular Artery Embolization for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Poursalehian Mohammad , Bhia Iman , Ayati Firoozabadi Mohammad , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Javad
Published: September 2023

» Genicular artery embolization (GAE) is a promising treatment option for patients with knee osteoarthritis who are unresponsive to nonsurgical treatments and not yet candidates for surgery.

» Current evidence supports the effectiveness of GAE in reducing pain and synovitis, with few reported major adverse events.

» The cost-effectiveness and long-term results of GAE compared with other treatment options require further investigation.

» Limitations of existing studies include small sample sizes, single-center trials, and lack of comparison between embolic agents and other treatments.

» Future research should focus on larger, multicenter trials with longer follow-up periods and head-to-head comparisons with alternative treatment modalities to establish the role of GAE in the management of knee osteoarthritis.
Misconceptions on the understanding of flying objects in fluids
Authors: Wibowo Edy , Ulya Naily , Helvantriyudo Whibatsu , Azyumardi Muhammad Maliki , Hafiduddin Fata , Rokhmat Mamat , Handayani Ismudiati Puri , Abrar Abrar , Fitriyanti Nurwulan , Sutisna Sutisna , Ameruddin Amira Saryati
Published: September 2023

The concepts of floating, flying, and sinking object have been studied since junior high school. However, we still often find students' misconceptions regarding the concept, especially of flying objects, even at the university level. This work aims to propose a clarification of the concept of a flying object in the fluid to be correctly described the condition for the flying object. We used eggs, water, and salt solutions to demonstrate sinking, rising, and floating objects in the fluids. The results showed that when the density of the object is the same as the density of the fluid, the position of the object is still at the bottom of the fluid since it was not flying in the middle of the depth of the fluid. But the object does not touch the bottom of the container so that the object's height is zero. This is because the object has not had a driving force (Fd = 0) that pushes the object upward towards the surface of the fluid to float. When the density of the fluid slightly exceeds the density of the object, the object immediately moves upward to the fluid surface - floating phenomenon is started. The greater the difference between the density of the fluid and the density of the object, the faster the object moves towards the surface. The object cannot stay at any position between the bottom and the surface of the fluid. A stable position is reached when the object reaches the surface of the fluid to float. This work is expected to increase students' understanding of flying objects in fluids.
Measurement of spring constant by means of Arduino: A STEM teaching proposal
Authors: Erol Mustafa , Navruz Yiğit Efe
Published: September 2023

This study advances a STEM teaching proposal and aims to determine spring constant of a spring pendulum by means of an Arduino microprocessor. The measurements are managed by simply letting the spring pendulum to oscillate freely and recording the distance perceived by the distance sensor-Arduino system as a function of time. The mean periods are estimated by using displacement-time plots of the harmonic motion and the results are used to estimate the spring constant. The spring constant is also determined conventionally by employing Hooke's law a number of times. The relative error rate between the two results is found to be about % 6.00 which is pretty acceptable. This approach is important in the sense that it is inexpensive and also encourages students to learn how to use the Arduino microprocessor. The approach adds to physics education efforts due to creating an enjoyable and beneficial teaching-learning environment.
Simple modeling of Alzheimer’s disease using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral organoid technology
Authors: Choe Mu Seog , Yeo Han Cheol , Kim Joong Sun , Lee Jean , Lee Hae Jun , Kim Hyung-Ryong , Baek Kyung Min , Jung Na-Yeon , Choi Murim , Lee Min Young
Published: September 2023

Background Cerebral organoids (COs) are the most advanced in vitromodels that resemble the human brain. Use of COs as a model for human Alzheimer’s disease (AD), among other brain diseases, has recently gained attention. This study aimed to develop a human AD CO model, using normal human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), that recapitulates the pathological phenotypes of AD and to determine the usefulness of this model for drug screening.
Methods We established AD hPSC lines from normal hPSCs by introducing genes with familial ADmutations and COs were generated using these hPSC lines. The pathological features of AD, including extensive amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation,tauopathy, and neurodegeneration, were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Amylo-Glo staining, thioflavin-S staining, immunohistochemistry, Bielschowsky’s staining, and western blot analysis.
Results AD COs showed extensive accumulation of Aβ. The levels of paired helical filament (PHF)-tau and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT)-like silver deposits were highly increased in the AD COs. The number of cells immunoreactive for cleaved caspase-3 (cCASP3) was significantly increased in AD COs. Additionally, treatment of AD COs with BACE1 inhibitor IV (a β-secretase inhibitor) and compound E (a γ-secretase inhibitor) significantly attenuated AD pathological features.
Conclusion Our model recapitulates AD pathology effectively. Hence, it is a valuable platform for understanding the mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis and can be used to test the efficacy of anti-AD drugs.
Protocol for a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial of a multicomponent sustainable return to work IGLOo intervention.
Authors: Davis Oliver , Dawson Jeremy , Degerdon Lizzie , Delgadillo Jaime , Kadam Umesh , Nielsen Karina , Sinclair Alice , Yarker Jo , Munir Fehmidah
Published: September 2023

Background
Long-term sickness costs UK businesses approximately £7 billion per annum. Most long-term sickness absences are attributed to common mental health conditions, which are also highly prevalent in people with acute or musculoskeletal health conditions. The IGLOo intervention aims to support employees return to and remain in work following long-term sickness absence. The intervention will be piloted in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to examine the feasibility of the intervention (primary outcome), and to inform a fully powered definitive trial to evaluate sustainable return to work (RTW) in people with primary or secondary mental ill-health who go on long-term sick leave.
Methods and Design:
A two-arm feasibility randomised controlled trial (with a 30-month study period including 12 month follow up) of the IGLOo (Individual, Group, Leaders, Organisation, overarching context) intervention will be conducted in large organisations (≥ 600 employees) from the Yorkshire and Humberside regions, in the United Kingdom. Eight consenting organizations will be recruited and randomised to the intervention or control arms of the study (1:1 ratio), with a minimum recruitment target of 13 employees and 13 managers eligible to participate from each. Organisations assigned to the control group will continue with their usual practice. Feasibility data will include data collected on recruitment, retention and attrition of participants, completion of research outcome measures and intervention compliance. Measurements of mental health, RTW, work outcomes, quality-of-life, workplace support and communication and other demographic data will be taken at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months in all participants. Qualitative interviews and survey data will explore the experiences of participants, acceptability of the intervention components and evaluation measures. Exploratory economic evaluation will be conducted to further inform a definitive trial.
Discussion
The findings from this pilot study will help to inform the development of a definitive cluster RCT designed to examine the efficacy of this intervention on health and work-related outcomes in UK workers on long-term sick leave.
Trial Registration
ISRCTN11788559 (prospectively registered, date registered 6th October 2022)
Effectiveness of Fucus vesiculosus algae on the removal of Brilliant Cresyl Blue and Methylene Blue from aqueous solutions
Authors: Polanco-Gamboa Diego M. , Lima Eder C. , ABATAL MOHAMED , Vargas Joel , Alfono Ismeli , Aguilar Claudia , Anguebes-Franseschi Francisco
Published: September 2023

This paper aims to explore the uptake of two basic dyes (methylene blue (MB) and brilliant cresyl blue (BCB)) using the formaldehyde-treated algae Fucus vesiculosus (FV-FORMALD). The modified biomass was characterized by the point of zero-charge (pHpzc), scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis before and after dye biosorption. The equilibrium data were best fitted with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms for MB and BCB, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of MB obtained by the Langmuir isotherm was 791 mg g− 1, whereas the maximum adsorption capacity of BCB obtained experimentally was 966 mg g− 1. Kinetics modeling shows that the adsorption of MB and BCB onto FV-FORMALD was well described by pseudo-second-order. The influence of the pH solution suggests that MB biosorption is increased at basic conditions (pH > 7), while for BCB biosorption, pH does not significantly influence it. The optimum temperatures for maximum adsorption capacity were 330.15 K and 300.15 K for MB and BCB, respectively. The optimum dosage of FV-FORMALD biomass for MB (2 g L− 1) and BCB biosorption (1 g L− 1) were studied. In addition, according to the results, the brown FV-FORMALD could be considered an appropriate waste biosorbent for removing cationic dyes due to its high effectiveness and an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach to water remediation.
Testing the combination of Feeling Safe and Peer Counselling against Formulation-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy to promote Psychological Wellbeing in People with Persecutory Delusions: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (the Feeling Safe-NL Trial).
Authors: Tolmeijer Eva , Waite Felicity , Isham Louise , Bringmann Laura , Timmers Robin , Berg Arjan van den , Schuurmans Hanneke , Staring Anton B. P. , de Bont Paul , Grunsven Rob van , Stulp Gert , Wijnen Ben , Gaag Mark van der , Freeman Daniel , Berg David van den
Published: September 2023

Background: Persecutory delusions are strong threat beliefs about others’ negative intentions. They can have a major impact on patients’ day-to-day life. The Feeling Safe Programme is a new translational cognitive-behavior therapy that helps patients modify threat beliefs and relearn safety by targeting key psychological causal factors. A different intervention approach, with growing international interest, is peer counselling to facilitate personal recovery. Combining these two approaches is a potential avenue to maximize patient outcomes. This combination of two different treatments will be tested as the Feeling Safe-NL Programme, which aims to promote psychological wellbeing. We will test whether Feeling Safe-NL is more effective and more cost-effective in improving mental wellbeing and reducing persecutory delusions than the current guideline intervention of formulation-based CBT for psychosis (CBTp).
Methods: A single-blind parallel group randomized controlled trial for 190 out-patients who experience persecutory delusions and low mental wellbeing. Patients will be randomized (1:1) to Feeling Safe-NL (Feeling Safe and peer counselling) or to formulation-based CBTp, both provided over a period of 6 months. Participants in both conditions are offered the possibility to self-monitor their recovery process. Blinded assessments will be conducted at 0, 6 (post-treatment), 12, and 18 months. The primary outcome is mental wellbeing. The overall effect over time (baseline to 18-month follow-up) and the effects at each timepoint will be determined. Secondary outcomes include severity of the persecutory delusion, general paranoid ideation, patient chosen therapy outcomes, and activity. Service use data and quality of life data will be collected for the health-economic evaluation.
Discussion: The Feeling Safe-NL trial is the first to evaluate a treatment for people with persecutory delusions, while using mental wellbeing as the primary outcome. It will also provide the first evaluation of the combination of a peer counselling intervention and CBT-based program for recovery from persecutory delusions.
Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN25766661 (retrospectively registered 7 July 2022)
Design, Optimization, Simulation, and Implementation of a 3D Printed Soft Robotic Peristaltic Pump
Authors: TOTUK Onat Halis , Mıstıkoğlu Selçuk , Güvenç Mehmet Ali
Published: September 2023

This paper presents an innovative approach to fluidic pumping, utilizing the principles of soft robotics. The focus is based on designing a pump that circulates fluid through a soft conduit by using a soft robotic pump. A parametric finite element model is developed to predict the required pressure for actuating the pump elements, and a meta-model is created to optimize the pressure for maximum flow rate with minimal power. The study employs the Mooney-Rivlin 5 Parameters hyper-elastic material model to ensure material properties are accurately accounted for. MATLAB Simulink Simscape modeling tool is used to mimic peristaltic pump motion and actuation sequences to calculate flow rates. The optimal design values are determined and experimental results are compared with simulation results to verify and validate the effectiveness of the approach. This study demonstrates that linearly sequenced soft squeeze actuators can be trans-formed into a scalable pump with proper control, providing a potential solution for delicate environments such as blood streams where circular peristaltic actuation may not be feasible.
The Relationship between Admission Blood Glucose Levels and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events during Hospitalization in Non-Diabetic ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Killip I) Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zeng Ping , Li Ruonan , Fan Zhixing , Huang Rihong , Cai Xinyong , Shao Liang , Liu Fuyuan , Lei Yuhua , Li Dongsheng , Jin Xing , Hu Zheng , Chen Xiangzhou , Yang Jun , Yang Jian
Published: September 2023

Background:
Our objective was to investigate the correlation between admission blood glucose (ABG) levels and the occurrence of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in non-diabetic patients (Killip class I), with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI).
Methods:
This retrospective observational study, registered in Clinical Trials (NCT04996901), included a total of 5586 patients with STEMI between January 2015 to August 2021. The occurrence of MACE was determined through the presence of acute heart failure and in-hospital death.
Results：
A total of 2890 patients were ultimately identified for inclusion in the study. These patients were categorized into three groups based on their ABG levels: Q1 (2.5-5.72 mmol/L), Q2 (5.73-7.0 mmol/L), and Q3 (7.01-11.0 mmol/L). Multivariate analysis, adjusting for age, gender, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), smoking, hypertension, and other factors, revealed that the odds ratio (OR) for MACE in Q2 and Q3 was 1.43-1.62 times higher compared to Q1 in calibration Models II to IV. Subgroup analysis indicated that the OR for Q2 was 3.52-fold higher in females and 1.54-fold higher in individuals aged 60 years or older. Sensitivity analysis, excluding patients with ABG levels below 4 mmol/L, still demonstrated a significant association between elevated ABG and increased risk of MACE. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for ABG in predicting MACE occurrence after pPCI was 0.668, and the C-index in the calibration curve was 0.666. Cubic spline analysis further confirmed a significant decrease in MACE risk with ABG reduction below 6.3 mmol/L.
CONCLUSIONS:
In non-diabetic STEMI patients treated with pPCI, elevated ABG levels are linked to a higher risk of in-hospital MACE. Notably, this association is more pronounced in female patients and older individuals.
Optimising Pain Management in Paediatric Tonsillectomy: Evaluation of Intravenous Lidocaine at a 50% Efficacy Dose for Postoperative Throat Pain Prevention
Authors: Hu Yang , Zhu Guo , Chen Yi , Long Xiang , Jiang Jing , Zhang Qing , Qin Guan , GONG Yuan
Published: September 2023

Background:
Intravenous lidocaine is effective in preventing post-operative throat pain. However, concerns about lidocaine toxicity and limited administration methods persist. Consequently, the optimal 50% effective dose (ED50) of lidocaine for preventing post-operative throat pain in children undergoing tonsillectomy remains unclear.
Methods:
We enrolled 27 children aged 3 to 15 years who underwent tonsillectomy. A predetermined continuous lidocaine infusion (1.5 mg/kg) was administered throughout the surgery. Throat pain was assessed at 1 h post-operation using the Children’s and Infants’ Postoperative Pain Scale (CHIPPS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. The lidocaine administration rate for each subsequent child was determined based on the scores. The initial child received lidocaine at a rate of 0.5 mg/kg/h, and subsequent children received higher rates if the CHIPPS or VAS score was ≥ 4 at 1 h post-operation. Those with a CHIPPS or VAS score < 4 received the same or lower rates. All patients received the same induction protocol (sufentanil, propofol, and rocuronium), and anaesthesia was maintained using sevoflurane. The primary outcome was the CHIPPS or VAS score for throat pain at 1 h post-operation. The secondary outcomes were post-operative nausea, vomiting, and time to extubation. Intra-operative respiratory and cardiac events were monitored for safety.
Results:
The ED50 of intravenous lidocaine for throat pain was determined to be 0.477 (0.378–0.617) mg/kg/h. The effective dose for preventing post-operative throat pain in 95% of patients administered lidocaine was 0.624 (0.545–2.458) mg/kg/h.
Conclusions:
Intravenous lidocaine (ED50) effectively treats post-operative throat pain in children.
TRIAL REGISTRATION:
This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Yichang Central People’s Hospital (HEC-KYJJ-2020-038-04) on 16 Feburary 2023. The trial was registered on 21 Mach 2023(21/03/2023) at www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2300069567).
Knowledge and Habits on Oral Health of Highly Educated Women During Pregnancy and Their Babies. A Cross-sectional Questionnaire Survey in Northern-italy
Authors: Cagetti Maria Grazia , Salerno Claudia , Ionescu Andrei Cristian , Rocca Serena La , Camoni Nicole , Cirio Silvia , Campus Guglielmo
Published: September 2023

Background: Life-long healthy behaviors are established during pregnancy and the first years of life. This cross-sectional survey aimed to interview new mothers with a high level of schooling living in Northern Italy (Lombardy Region) to assess their knowledge and habits relating to their oral health and their children’s oral health.Methods: A questionnaire (27 items) was developed to assess socio-demographic factors, knowledge, and attitudes toward mothers’ and child’s oral health. The questionnaire was disseminated in perinatal courses, private gynecological clinics, andviasocial media. Mothers aged ≥ 18 years, with at least a child aged 0-36 months, with a high school diploma or higher, were included in the survey.Results: Overall, 1340 women completed the questionnaire, 1297 of whom had a child aged 0-36 months, 792 were residents in Lombardy, and 600 had a high level of education and were finally included. About half of the sample (44.67%) were between 31 and 35 years, 76.50% were employed, and the majority had only one child (81.50%). During pregnancy, 28.33% of the sample reported problems with teeth and/or gums, while only 36.00% visited a dentist. More than 40% of the sample reported not being aware of a possible correlation between oral health and pregnancy, and 73.17% did not receive advice about their oral health or the future health of the baby’s mouth. Less than 20% of the women was aware of the increased caries risk due to prolonged or nocturnal breastfeeding. Better knowledge/attitude was associated with the age of the child (p<0.01), the number of children (p=0.04), and whether the mother had received advice during pregnancy (p<0.01).Conclusions: The findings of the present survey show a lack of dental care during pregnancy, a lack of information on oral health received from medical personnel during and after pregnancy, and, consequently, gaps in the knowledge needed to care for her and her child’s oral health. There is a need for training courses on oral health for pregnant women and new mothers, but also for a change in the behaviour of health professionals who care for pregnant women.
Fractionation of the Caspian sand goby epidermal exudates Using Membrane Ultrafiltration and Reversed-phase chromatography: an investigation on bioactivities
Authors: Akhavan-Bahabadi Mohammad , Paknejad Hamed , Hedayati Aliakbar , Habibi-Rezaei Mehran
Published: September 2023

Bioactive peptide-based drugs have gained exceeding attention as promising treatments for infectious and oxidative-stress-related diseases, are exacerbated by the advent and spread of various multidrug-resistant bacteria and industrial lifestyles. Fish skin mucus has been recognized as a potential source of bioactive peptides, providing the first line of fish defense against invading pathogens which are targeted here to be explored as a new source of biopharmaceutics. Peptide fractions were isolated from the epidermal exudates of Caspian sand goby, Neogobius fluviatilis pallasi, by solid-phase extraction (SPE), ultrafiltration, and reversed-phase chromatography. The resulting fractions were characterized for their antibacterial and antioxidant properties, and results showed that the molecular weight fraction < 5 kDa represented the highest (P < 0.05) bacterial inhibition activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis as well as scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals. Overall, these results introduce the epidermal mucus of Caspian sand goby as a valuable source of bioactive compounds that can be considered new and efficient biopharmaceutics.
Bawei Chenxiang Wan ameliorates right ventricular hypertrophy in rats with high altitude heart disease by SIRT3-HIF1α-PDK/PDH signaling pathway improving fatty acid and glucose metabolism
Authors: Han Yiwei , Li Shadi , Zhang Zhiying , Ning Xin , Wu Jiajia , Zhang Xiaoying
Published: September 2023

Background
Bawei Chenxiang Wan (BCW) is among the most effective and widely used therapies for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris in Tibet. However, it is unknown whether it confer protection through right ventricle (RV) myocardial metabolic mechanism.
Methods
Male Sprague–Dawley rats were oral administration BCW, injected concurrently with a bolus of Sugen5416 (SU5416) and hypoxia exposure (5000m altitude) for 4 weeks(SuHx). Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) in high altitude heart disease (HAHD) was assessed using Fulton's index (FI; ratio of RV to left ventricle (LV) +septum weights) and heart weight to body weight ratio (HW/BW). The effect of therapeutic administration of BCW in the RVH on hemodynamics assessed by catheterization [right ventricular and Pulmonary artery pressure (mRVP and mPAP, respectively)]. Tissue samples were used to perform a histological staining, mRNA and protein levels confirmatory analyses to identify altered the mechanisms within the RVH in HAHD. Further verify the protective mechanism of BCW was studied in cell culture.
Results
BCW significantly reduced SuHx-associated RVH, indicated by macro morphology, HW/BW ratio, Fulton index, mPAP, mRVP, hypertrophy markers, heart function, pathological structure, and the myocardial enzymes. Moreover, BCW can also alleviate the disorder of glucose and fatty acid metabolism by up-regulating carnitine palmitoyltransferase1ɑ (CPT1ɑ), citrate synthase (CS), acetyl-CoA, down-regulating glucose transport-4 (GLUT-4), Phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate, resulting in the reduction of Free fatty acids (FFA), lactic acid (LD) and the increase of aerobic oxidation. This process may be mediated by regulating sirtuin3 (SIRT3)-Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α)-pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase(PDK)/pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) signaling pathways. Subsequently, inhibition of SIRT3 expression by 3-TYP (a selective inhibitor of SIRT3) significantly can reverse the anti-RVH in HAHD effect of BCW indicated by hypertrophy markers and serum myocardial enzyme levels.
Conclusions
In conclusion, BCW prevents SuHx-induced RVH in HAHD by SIRT3-HIF1ɑ-PDK/PDH signaling pathway to alleviate the disturbance in fatty acid and glucose metabolism. Therefore, BCW can be used as an alternative drug for the treatment of RVH in HAHD.
The mediating effect of impulsivity between mindfulness and smartphone addiction
Authors: Kim Minjung , Seong Goeun , Jeon Min-Jeong , Jung Young-Chul , Lee Deokjong
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveProblematic smartphone usage may have negative effects on various psychological traits: e.g., studies have indicated that it is accompanied by low levels of mindfulness and high impulsivity. This study explored the psychological mechanism of problematic smartphone usage via the relationship between addictive smartphone use patterns, mindfulness and impulsivity.MethodsNinety participants were evaluated with the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale and classified into the problematic smartphone usage group (n=42; 24 women; mean age: 27.6±7.2 years) or normal usage group (n=48; 22 women; mean age: 30.1±5.7 years). All participants completed self-report questionnaires evaluating their affective symptoms, impulsivity and mindfulness and computerized comprehensive attention tests that assessed selective, sustained and divided attention. We compared the variables between the groups and explored the relationship between mindfulness, impulsivity and addictive smartphone use patterns through mediation analysis.ResultsThe problematic smartphone usage group showed higher impulsivity and lower mindfulness than the normal usage group. There were no significant group differences in attention test performance. The level of addictive patterns was significantly correlated with impulsivity and mindfulness levels but not attention test performance. In the mediation analysis, acting with awareness (a facet of mindfulness) reduced levels of addictive smartphone use patterns through attentional impulsivity.ConclusionActing without sufficient awareness could influence addictive smartphone use patterns by mediating attentional impulsivity. This supports existing evidence that the executive control deficits present in high impulsivity contribute to problematic smartphone use. Cognitive behavioural therapy for mindfulness could strengthen executive control over smartphone usage by promoting awareness.
Advances in the Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology in the Frailty State of Elderly Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Zhou Qian , Li Daohong , Lv Rong , Wu Lijiao , Qiao Huiying
Published: September 2023

With social ageing, the prevalence of heart failure (HF) rises. As an end-stage symptom of heart disease, HF usually shows poor clinical prognosis and even threatens patients’ lives. As a senile syndrome, frailty has significant impacts on the developmental outcomes of HF patients (mortality, readmission rate, and body function). Hence, frailty should be clinically identified and alleviated in time to improve the prognosis for patients. Patients and medical workers should pay more attention to frailty to lower the incidence of adverse events, improve the survival, and prolong survival time among HF patients. Besides, it is essential to perform early clinical diagnosis and treatment of HF. With the development of science, artificial intelligence (AI) shows great potential in heart disease. At present, AI is applied in the auxiliary diagnosis and treatment of HF, which brings about great reform in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of clinical diseases. Therefore, brief and comprehensive exploration and analysis were performed on the relationship between senile HF and frailty and the effects of frailty on the prognosis for patients to enable readers to further understand the effects of frailty on HF and to concern more on HF combined with frailty. What’s more, applying AI in the diagnosis and treatment of HF was investigated and its advantages and limitations were analyzed to provide basis for further enhancing performance of AI in HF and improve clinical diagnostic accuracy for HF patients and poor prognosis.
Feasibility and acceptability of a contextualized physical activity and diet intervention for the control of hypertension in adults from a rural sub-district: A study protocol (HYPHEN)
Authors: Sekome Kganetso , Gómez-Olivé Francesc Xavier , Sherar Lauren B , Esliger Dale W , Myezwa Hellen
Published: September 2023

Introduction: In rural and remote South Africa, most strokes and ischaemic heart diseases are as a consequence of hypertension, which is a modifiable risk factor. The widely recommended therapeutic approaches to control hypertension are through physical activity and diet modifications. However, there is a lack of culturally sensitive community-based, lifestyle interventions to control hypertension among rural African adult populations. We designed an intervention which recommends adjusting daily routine physical activity and dietary behaviour of adults with hypertension. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of HYPHEN in a rural community setting. Methods: We aim to recruit 30 adult participants with a self-report hypertension diagnosis. A one-arm, prospective design will be used to assess the feasibility and acceptability of recruitment, uptake, engagement, and completion of the 10-week intervention. Recruitment rates will be assessed at week 0. Intervention uptake, engagement, and adherence to the intervention will be assessed weekly via telephone. Blood pressure, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, urinary sodium, accelerometer measured physical activity, and 24hour diet recall will be assessed at baseline and at 10-weeks. Qualitative semi-structured interviews will be conducted at 10 weeks to explore feasibility and acceptability. Discussion: This study offers a person-centred, sociocultural approach to hypertension control through adaptations to physical activity and dietary intake. This study will determine whether HYPHEN is feasible and acceptable and will inform changes to the protocol/focus that could be tested in a full trial. Trial registration number: PACTR202306662753321.
Combined Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis and Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Cui Ning , Wang Jingluan , Shao Yanmei , Zhao Jingming , Cheng Zhaozhong
Published: September 2023

Background: Several diagnostic criteria are common for Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM) and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). There were few reports of cases where ABPM and EGPA coexist. Here, we present a patient who simultaneously met the diagnostic criteria for both ABPM and EGPA.
Case presentation: A 27-year-old female visited our hospital with a history of asthma, peripheral blood eosinophilia, increased total IgE, Aspergillus fumigatus specific IgE, reversible mild bronchiectasis, sinusitis, bronchial mucus plugs and cultivation of Aspergillus from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, glucocorticoids therapy is effective. Conclusions: These results met the diagnostic criteria for both ABPM and EGPA. We also reviewed several reported cases of coexistence of ABPM and EGPA so far. Special attention should be paid to the possibility of both diseases coexisting in the disease process.
Progress testing of an objective structured clinical examination during undergraduate clinical clerkship: A mixed-method pilot study
Authors: Shimizu Ikuo , Mori Junichiro , Yamauchi Aiga , Kato Sawako , Masuda Yuichi , Nakazawa Yuichi , Kanno Hiroyuki
Published: September 2023

Background:
Progress testing is an assessment method in which an examination reflecting competencies at graduation is regularly administered to students over multiple years, thereby facilitating self-directed learning. However, the significance of the objective structured clinical examination as a progress test in undergraduate education, needs to be determined. This study provides evidence of the role of the objective structured clinical examination for progress testing and optimal scoring methods for assessing students in different academic years.
Methods:
We conducted a mixed-method pilot study. Participants were assessed using the Item Rating Scale, the year-adjusted Global Rating Scale, and the Training Level Rating Scale. The characteristics of each scale were compared quantitatively. In addition, the influence of the objective structured clinical examination as a progress test on learning attitudes was examined. Qualitative data from a post-examination questionnaire were analyzed, using content analysis to explore influences on self-directed learning.
Results:
Sixth- and fifth-year clinical students (n = 235) took the objective structured clinical examination progress test. The total Item Rating Scales were recorded (%) as 59.03 ± 5.27 and 52.64 ± 5.08 (p < 0.01); Training Level Rating Scale was 3.94 ± 0.39 vs 3.22 ± 0.42 (p < 0.01); and the year-adjusted Global Rating Scale was 4.25 ± 0.44 vs 4.32 ± 0.52 (no significant difference), for the sixth- and fifth-year students, respectively. The correlations across stations and the reliability of each station were satisfactory. Four categories were identified in the qualitative analysis: “motivation to learn during the clinical clerkship was promoted,” “dissatisfied with being asked about things they had not experienced,” “confusion about being unable to use conventional test-taking strategies,” and “insufficient understanding of competencies at graduation.” The scores were highly reliable, indicating significant differences in performance according to training year.
Conclusions:
This study provides evidence that the objective structured clinical examination can be used as a progress testing tool for undergraduate clinical clerkships. Further enhancement of training opportunities and dissemination of performance competency goals in clerkship curricula are required if we intend to promote self-directed learning through progress testing.
Preoperative diagnosis of cervical cystic lesions by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Omi Makiko , Tanaka Yumiko Oishi , Kurihara Nozomi , Sugiyama Yuko , Tonooka Akiko , Kanno Motoko , Fusegi Atsushi , Aoki Yoichi , Netsu Sachiho , Abe Akiko , Tanigawa Terumi , Okamoto Sanshiro , Nomura Hidetaka , Kanao Hiroyuki
Published: September 2023

Background
To clarify the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) and Nabothian cysts.
Methods
This study included 48 patients who underwent hysterectomy at our institution between 2016 and 2020 for suspected LEGH. Histopathology confirmed the presence of 25 Nabothian cysts and 23 cases of LEGH. We retrospectively analyzed five characteristic MRI findings: (1) located at the upper cervical canal; (2) positioned within the cervical stroma; (3) not circumscribing the cervical canal; (4) low- to iso-intensity on T1-weighted images (T1WI) (5) a “cosmos” or “microcystic” pattern. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of these findings for LEGH and Nabothian cysts using sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. Combinations of findings were also calculated.
Results
The characteristics “cosmos” or “microcystic” pattern, lesion not circumscribing the cervical canal, and low/iso-intensity on T1WI had a sensitivity and specificity greater than 50%. Sensitivity was 73.9% and specificity was 84.0% when a combination of “cosmos” or “microcystic” pattern and lesion not circumscribing the cervical canal was present.
Conclusion
The coexistence of a “cosmos” or “microcystic” pattern and not circumscribing the cervical canal is the most characteristic finding to distinguish LEGH from Nabothian cysts. When neither of these findings is present, Nabothian cyst can be suspected.
Highly efficient three-photon excited red emission in the Yb3+-Er3+ upconversion system at low excitation intensities for non-invasive anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Zhang Jiahua , Wu Hao , Wang Kexiu , Zhang Liangliang , Luo Yongshi , Pan Guohui , Wu Huajun , Liu Feng , Wang Xiaojun
Published: September 2023

Upconversion (UC) phosphors exhibiting luminescence color tuning (LCT) through variations in infrared excitation intensity offer great potential for high-security anti-counterfeiting applications. However, the current LCT capability is limited to high excitation intensities, hindering the development of non-invasive counterfeit detection methods. In this study, we achieve a remarkable two orders of magnitude reduction in excitation intensities for LCT in Yb3+ and Er3+ codoped orthorhombic YF3, accomplished by attaining an unprecedentedly efficient three-photon excited red emission for mixing with the two-photon excited green emission. To enable this breakthrough, we employ deoxygenation techniques during sample preparation, which surprisingly prevented concentration quenching of the sensitizer Yb3+, facilitating efficient three-photon excitation of the red emission for Yb3+ concentrations ≥ 30% even at excitation intensities as low as 10 mW cm-2. At excitation intensities of 100 mW cm-2, the three-photon excitation contributes to 91~94% of the red emission, resulting in an 11~17-fold increase in the red-to-green intensity ratio. This low-excitation-induced LCT, shifting from green to orange, showcases its potential for anti-counterfeiting applications. Furthermore, the present YF3:Yb/Er phosphors demonstrate an impressive UC quantum yield of 7.8%, surpassing the 5.6% quantum yield of the popular hexagonal NaYF4:Yb/Er phosphor under the same excitation intensity of 31.8 W cm-2. These findings represent a significant advancement in highly efficient UC fluoride phosphors, promising diverse applications across various fields.
Superconductivity in unconventional metals
Authors: Wang Zhijun , Yang Zhilong , Sheng Haohao , Guo Zhaopeng , Zhang Ruihan , Wu Quansheng , Weng Hongming , Fang Zhong
Published: September 2023

In this work, we define unconventional metals, where a set of low-energy bands belong to an elementary band representation (EBR) on an empty site. The characteristic could give rise to soft phonon modes and strong electron-phonon coupling, yielding charge-density wave (CDW) or/and superconductivity (SC). Based on the first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that 1H/2H-phase transition metal dichalcogenides MX2 (M = Nb, Ta; X = S, Se, Te) are unconventional metals, which have a single band of A′1@1e EBR at the Fermi level (EF). The computed phonon dispersions indicate the stability of the system at high temperatures, while the presence of soft phonon modes suggests a phase transition to the CDW state at low temperatures. Based on the Bardeen-Cooper- Schrieffer (BCS) theory and computed electron-phonon coupling, our calculations show that the SC in NbSe2 is mainly attributed to the soft phonon modes. In the end, the SC has been predicted in unconventional metal TaNS monolayer and 2H-TaN2 bulk with estimated TC = 10 K and 26 K respectively. These results demonstrate that the unconventional metals offer an attractive platform for studying the interplay between the empty-site EBR and correlated states.
Anharmonic Strong-Coupling Effects at the Origin of the Charge Density Wave in CsV3Sb5
Authors: He Ge , Peis Leander , Cuddy Emma , Zhao Zhen , Li Dong , Stumberger Ramona , Moritz Brian , Yang Haitao , Gao Hong-Jun , Devereaux Thomas , Hackl Rudi
Published: September 2023

The formation of charge density waves (CDW) is a long-standing open problem particularly in dimensions higher than one. Various observations in the vanadium antimonides discovered recently, such as the missing Kohn anomaly in the acoustic phonons or the latent heat at the transition TCDW = 95 K, further underpin this notion. Here, we study the Kagome metal CsV3Sb5 using polarized inelastic light scattering. The electronic energy gap 2Δ as derived from the redistribution of the continuum is much larger than expected from mean-field theory and reaches values above 20 for 2Δ/kBTCDW. The A1g phonon has a discontinuity at TCDW and a precursor starting 20 K above TCDW. Density functional theory qualitatively reproduces the redistribution of the electronic continuum at the CDW transition and the phonon energies of the pristine and distorted structures. The linewidths of all A1g and E2g phonon lines including those emerging below Tcdw were analyzed in terms of anharmonic symmetric decay revealing strong phonon-phonon coupling. In addition, we observe two CDW amplitude modes (AMs): one in A1g symmetry and one in E2g symmetry. The temperature dependence of both modes deviates from the prediction of mean-field theory. The A1g AM displays an asymmetric Fano-type lineshape, suggestive of strong electron-phonon coupling. The asymmetric A1g AM, along with the discontinuity of the A1g phonon, the large phonon-phonon coupling parameters and the large gap ratio, indicate the importance of anharmonic strong phonon-phonon and electron-phonon coupling for the CDW formation in CsV3Sb5.
Forget about memory: disentangling the amnestic syndrome in idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.
Authors: Lingenberg Alma , Herrmann François R. , Armand Stéphane , Péron Julie Anne , Assal Frédéric , Allali Gilles
Published: September 2023

Background: idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) can present with both an episodic amnestic syndrome (or so-called hippocampal profile) and biomarkers of Alzheimer’s pathology. However, it remains unknown if both are related and if an amnestic syndrome accounts for less reversibility after a cerebrospinal fluid derivation.
Methods: we used the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test to divide iNPH into two groups: the amnestic and non-amnestic patients were compared on their clinical, biological, and radiological characteristics using independent samples t-tests, Chi-Squared or Fisher’s exact tests, as appropriate, as well as the reversibility of gait spatiotemporal parameters and neuropsychological performances before and after a spinal tap test. The association between the memory performances (dependent variable) and the clinical and biological characteristics (independent variables) was examined using univariate and multiple linear regression models.
Results: sixty-two non-amnestic patients (mean age 77.0 ± 7.0 years, 38.7% female) and thirty-eight amnestic patients (mean age 77.0 ± 5.9 years, 36.8% female) presented similar levels of biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease in the cerebrospinal fluid and clinical-radiological profile. However, global cognition and education levels were lower in the amnestic iNPH. We found no association between Alzheimer’s biomarkers and memory performances (total tau: β = -4.50; 95% CI [-11.96;2.96]; p= 0.236; beta-amyloid (1-42): β = 8.60, 95% CI [-6.30;23.50]; p = 0.240). At baseline, amnestic iNPH performed worse on executive functions, attention, and gait speed but improved similarly to the non-amnestic iNPH after the tap test.
Conclusions: in our clinical sample of iNPH patients, the amnestic syndrome was not related to Alzheimer’s disease pathology, confirming recent studies and the lack of specificity of the amnestic profile for predicting Alzheimer’s pathology. Since amnestic and non-amnestic iNPH patients improve similarly after the tap test, clinicians should not preclude amnestic patients from undergoing an invasive procedure of cerebrospinal fluid derivation.