bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation and Analysis of Induced Current of HV Parallel Reactor Disconnector for 500kV Double Circuit Line on the Same Tower
Authors: Li Haisheng , Zhang Jianquan , Fang Boyi , Liu Bin , Feng Bin
Published: September 2020

The 500 kV double circuit line with HV parallel reactors has a long outage time in ice melting operation.In this paper, we discussed the possibility of directly switching HV parallel reactor disconnector under the cold standby state,in order to further optimize the operation mode of DC ice melting line.We calculated the induced current of the HV parallel reactors disconnector in the 500kV LG A and B lines, and analyzed the related factors. We also calculate the overvoltage level of the HV parallel reactor disconnector, and put forward the parameter requirements, which provides reference for the type selection.
Operational reliability evaluation of PV inverter considering relative humidity and its application on power system
Authors: Tan Yangyang , Liu Jun , Xu Sichang , Zhong Peng , Zhang Qi , Hu Lin
Published: September 2020

With the penetration of renewable energy in the power system gradually increases, the importance of power electronics is growing up. The reliability of the power electronics should be taken seriously. This paper focuses on the operational reliability of photovoltaic (PV) inverters which is the most vulnerable in grid-connected PV systems and its application on the reliability evaluation of power systems. According to the field data, the effect of relative humidity is nonnegligible to the reliability of PV inverters. First, the real-time failure rate of components in PV inverters calculation method considering relative humidity is presented. Then the operational reliability evaluation of PV inverters is proposed. Finally, the reliability of power system including grid-connected PV systems is evaluated. It is aimed to explore a bottom-up approach to "effect factors-components-devices-system" reliability evaluation to establish a link between the components/devices and system. In this paper, the numerical examples verify the necessary of considering relative humidity in reliability evaluation. The evaluation results of PV inverters are used to the Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS). The analysis shows the results may affect the overall system performance.
Research on the intelligent control method of wind turbine grid connection without load
Authors: Ren Jing , Wang Shudong
Published: September 2020

Aiming at the problem that some wind turbines are difficult to achieve stability and low fitting accuracy when they are connected to the grid, an intelligent control method of wind turbine is proposed. Intelligent control is designed, and the output of the control object is the same as the expected output. The initial fuzzy control rules are obtained by the nearest neighbour clustering algorithm and the rules are optimized by the neural network. The fuzzy control and control strategy are integrated to realize the intelligent control of wind turbine with no load. Experiment results show that: compared with conventional control method, the intelligent control method of no-load grid-connection reaches a stable state sooner. The quadratic sum of fitting errors of the intelligent control method is lower than that of the conventional control method, which indicates that the intelligent control method has a higher fitting precision for samples, and the effect is better when the fan is connected to the grid without load.
Study of A Bus Voltage Control Strategy for Two-Way AC/DC Current Converter in DC Microgrid
Authors: Zheng Ningkang , YanHuanruo Xiangyang , Qi Huanruo , Kang Yilong
Published: September 2020

In an isolated DC microgrid consisting of photovoltaic cells, an energy storage unit and load, reasonable control of grid-connected two-way AC/DC converter can effectively realize coordinated power distribution and bus voltage stabilization of the microgrid. A mathematical model of grid-connected converter was established first in this paper, followed by a simulation analysis of the grid-connected converter under direct voltage control. In consideration of the fact that the ideal dynamic voltage response could not be realized by conventional control of the grid-connected converter, a seamless switching control strategy of inhibiting voltage fluctuation was proposed based on the voltage fluctuation analysis of the AC/DC converter, which improved the robust stability of the DC microgrid. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control strategy were verified through the simulation results.
Study on Preparation and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells with Supramolecular Interaction
Authors: Zhu Qing , Li Chengsheng
Published: September 2020

In recent years, perovskite solar cells have been developed rapidly because of its excellent crystalline properties, high optical absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, long carrier life and direct band gap, and suitable to be used as light absorbing layer material of photovoltaic devices. However, the most prominent problem of perovskite materials is that a lot of organic cations will migrate and lose in the process of illumination or heating, which is considered to be the main reason for the performance degradation of perovskite films and devices. Therefore, the suppression of ion migration in perovskite is helpful to improve the stability of perovskite materials and devices and enhance their photoelectric properties. In order to effectively control the ion migration in perovskite films, this paper uses the cation-π supramolecular interaction, to prepare the perovskite films with better photoelectric performance and higher stability. The experimental results show that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cellsdevice doped with rubrene is increased from 18.60% to 20.86%, and the hysteresis of the cell is also significantly suppressed.
Study and Application on Statistic Power Flow Index
Authors: Zhao Sanshan , Zhou Liangcai
Published: September 2020

Power grid control center safeguards the bulk power system by monitoring active power flow and managing network congestions. By far, EMS only provided two-dimensional visualized power flow chart, which focused on the power flow limits and real-time monitoring. This paper suggested a multidimensional statistic Power Flow Index (PFI) which was able to analyze, forecast and evaluate grid reliability based on the date mining of operating parameters. PFI helped to discover the potential congestion and enhanced the efficiency of power transmission by plotting power flow distribution curve. By using adjustable time windows and multi-level facility load factors, it is suitable for long-term statistical analysis of different facilities. PFI was one of the essential tools of self-optimal East China Smart Power Grid.
Non-contact Dynamic Capacity-Increasing of Overhead Conductor Based on Cooling Tester (CT)
Authors: Wang Rui , Peng Ruidong , Peng Xiangyang , Liu Zhao , Huang Jiajian , Zheng Wencheng , Liu Gang
Published: September 2020

The traditional dynamic capacity-increasing technology of overhead conductors needs to monitor the operation state of conductors (temperature, sag, etc.), and the relevant sensors are usually installed directly on the surface of conductors. The installation cost is high, and the operating maintenance is complicated. In this paper, a non-contact dynamic capacity-increasing method for overhead conductors based on CT is proposed. Firstly, the theory of the non-contact dynamic capacity-increasing method for conductors is introduced, and a cooling testing device is designed according to the theory. Then, the cooling index is defined to represent the cooling capacity of the object, and the corresponding cooling indexes for the conductors and the CT are calculated based on the steady-state thermal balance equation. By establishing a cooling correlation model for the conductors and the CT, the calculation for the dynamic ampacity of the conductors can be obtained. Finally, the cooling conditions of cooling testing device at different ambient temperatures and wind speeds are calculated through the finite element simulation method. Combined with the dynamic capacityincreasing method proposed in this paper, the corresponding ampacity value are obtained, and the effect of capacity increase is analyzed. The results show that the non-contact dynamic capacity-increasing method based on the CT has obvious effect in capacity-increasing compared with the static ampacity.
The thermal inertia time constants and its influencing factors in the thermal dynamic process of overhead line and cable
Authors: Li Qiying , Zhang Yan , Liu Xin , Hou Kunming , Zhou Shengyuan , Jin Xu
Published: September 2020

Due to the existence of thermal capacity, the conductor temperature of overhead line and cable changes later than current steps (thermal inertia), and the thermal dynamic process of the conductor contains the huge current-carrying potential. As an important symbol of thermal dynamic process, the thermal inertia time constant is of great significance to describe the characteristics of thermal dynamic process accurately. In this paper, the thermal inertia time constants of overhead line and cable and its influencing factors are studied based on the heat balance models, which can be solved by the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. Then the four factors including the current step, ambient temperature, wind speed and global radiation intensity are used to explore their influence on the thermal inertia time constant of overhead line, and the current step and soil temperature on cable. The numerical results show the effects of influencing factors on the thermal inertia time constant and provide a theoretical basis for a more detailed evaluation of the thermal dynamic process.
Study on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in marine S-CO2 power cycle hybrid heat exchangers
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Sun Yuwei , Lu Mingjian , Yan Xinping
Published: September 2020

The S-CO2 power cycle has the advantages of compact structure and high energy density, which can be used to recover the waste heat of ship exhaust, thus improving the energy efficiency of ships and reducing emissions. The hybrid heat exchangers with etched plates and fins can be used as the heat transfer device of S-CO2 and exhaust, its heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics have a great influence on S- CO2 power cycle performance. In this study, a CFD model of the hybrid heat exchangers was established. The effects of different exhaust inlet temperatures, inlet mass flow rates and inlet pressures on the heat transfer and the pressure drop characteristics were analyzed by Fluent. The results show that the inlet temperatures and inlet mass flow rates of exhaust have a great influence on the heat transfer characteristics of the hybrid heat exchanger. The inlet mass flow rates and inlet pressures of exhaust have a great influence on the pressure drop characteristics of the hybrid heat exchangers. In the design of the hybrid heat exchangers, the status of the exhaust need to be considered to ensure efficient operation of the heat exchangers. The study can provide guidance for the design of the hybrid heat exchangers.
Equalization control strategy of medium voltage direct hanging
energy storage system
Authors: Li Guanjun , Li Haoyuan , Wu Fubao , Yin Shi
Published: September 2020

The medium voltage direct hanging energy storage system has been widely used in high capacity applications, which gets rid of power frequency transformer and is of high conversion efficiency. This paper introduces the medium voltage direct hanging energy storage system topology scheme. In order to improve the battery life and capacity utilization, the in-phase and inter-phase battery equalization control strategies are studied. Finally, the simulation results on medium voltage direct hanging energy storage system prove the correctness and effectiveness of the equalization control strategy.
Research on Information Security Threats and Defense Strategies of Smart Grid
Authors: Zhang Jianxuan
Published: September 2020

In view of the increasingly important position of information security in the development of smart grids, this paper studies the threats and defense strategies of smart grids to information security, and provides guidance for how to solve the information security problems of smart grids. At the same time, the concept and threat of smart grid are described. On this basis, several defense strategies are proposed, including encryption, digital signature recognition, firewall, antivirus, intrusion detection, physical isolation and in- depth defense of information security. The analysis shows that the threat faced by human beings is information security. Information security should focus on the development and construction of smart grids. Several defense strategies are feasible and can provide effective support for the safe and stable operation of smart grids.
High-expectation comments increase students’ mental activity and confidence in the test
Authors: Wang Yingshan
Published: September 2020

Past research has consistently found that teachers’ expectations for students’ performance shape their long-term academic success. This study extends this work by examining possible short-term pathways through which instructors’ test-related expectations may influence their academic success, specifically students’ confidence, mental activity and immediate test score performance. It was hypothesized that after receiving high- expectation encouragement, students would have experience greater confidence, superior immediate test performance, and stronger gamma waves (i.e., brain waves that indicate more intense mental activity). To test these hypotheses, an experiment was conducted with nine students from Guangxi, China. Results showed that students who received high-expectation comments tended to generate stronger EEG gamma waves and experience higher levels of confidence. However, no relationship was found between the expressed expectation and students’ test scores. Future experiments with a larger participant pool can build upon the preliminary outcomes of my study.
Research on Application of Digital Signal Processing Technology in Communication
Authors: Lu Huang , Xiaoyu Yuan , Haodong Wang , Jin Li , Xuejiao Ma , Caihong Zhang
Published: September 2020

With the continuous development of modern information technology and the continuous
improvement of people's living standards, electronic information technology has been widely used in people's
lives. People's lives are inseparable from it. With its continuous development, its application range is getting
wider and wider. This article first gives a brief overview of digital signal processing technology, analyzes the
advantages and disadvantages of digital signal processing technology in the communication field, and the
specific applications of speech compression coding and software radio in communication are analyzed in
order to better promote the application of digital signal processing technology in the communication field.
Research on China’s Green Finance Policies Based on Text Mining
Authors: Liao Yuqing , Chen Jingliang
Published: September 2020

Based on the green finance policies in China from 2017 to 2019, this paper extracts feature and high-frequency words from policy documents, uses word cloud diagram, co-occurrence matrix and social network analysis techniques to quantitatively analyse the information contained in the green finance policies over the past three years and highlights the hot issues in question, thus providing a multi-layered and wideranging pathway for facilitating the orderly development of green finance industries across China.
Effect of Yiqi Tongnao Decoction on Acute Cerebral Infarction of Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis
Authors: Zhou Shenghua , Ding Rui-Cong , He Hua
Published: September 2020

Objective: To explore the method and clinical effect of applying Yiqi Tongnao Decoction in the treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction of Qi deficiency and blood stasis. Methods: To carry out research work in our hospital, a total of 70 patients with acute cerebral infarction of Qi deficiency and blood stasis who were treated in our hospital from March 2018 to March 2019 were randomly divided into two groups, one of which was given Western Medicine as the control group, and the other group was given Yiqi Tongnao Decoction combined with Western medicine, as the research group, the treatment status of the two groups of patients was compared and observed. Results: When comparing, the research group with skewed mouth and eyes, white greasy tongue coating, shortness of breath and fatigue, and pulse fineness scores were lower than those of the control group. The data difference between the groups was shown as P <0.05. The difference between the research group and the control group is quite large. Before treatment, the NIHSS score of the two groups of patients did not change significantly, P> 0.50. After the treatment intervention, the score of the research group was (5.10 ± 1.24), which was lower than that of the control group, and the difference between the groups was P <0.05. Before receiving treatment, there was no significant difference in blood lipid levels between the two groups of patients, P> 0.05. After treatment, the blood lipid level of the two groups of patients both changed, but in contrast, the degree of change in the research group was significantly greater than that of the control group, P <0.05, in general, the treatment effect of the research group was better. Conclusion: In the treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction of qi deficiency and blood stasis, Yiqi Tongnao Decoction has significant effects, which can effectively improve the patients' adverse symptoms and has positive significance for clinical development.
Effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction Combined with Acupuncture on Sequelae of Cerebral Stroke
Authors: Guo Jian , Ren Deqi , Chang Xuehui
Published: September 2020

Objective: To explore the clinical effect of the combined use of Buyang Huanwu Decoction and acupuncture in the treatment of patients with sequelae of stroke. Methods: The research work was carried out in our hospital. The study started from September 2018 to September 2019. A total of 100 patients were selected and randomly grouped into experimental group and control group, both groups were given Buyang Huanwu Decoction for intervention, the experimental group were added acupuncture treatment methods on this basis to explore the clinical effects of different intervention methods. Results: There were 4 patients with ineffective treatment in the experimental group, the effective rate was 92.00%, and the effective rate in the control group was 74.00%. The effective rate of the experimental group was higher, and the data was significantly different (P<0.05). After treatment, the FMA, NIHSS score and Barthel index of the patients in the experimental group were (32.66±6.51), (7.11±3.54) and (90.34±9.87) respectively. The FMA score and Barthel index were significantly higher than the control group, and the NIHSS score was lower than the control group, data differences are significant (P<0.05). At the same time, before treatment, there was no significant difference in the scores of TCM syndromes. After treatment, the patients in the experimental group had less hemiplegia, skewed eyes and mouth, eccentric sensation abnormality and consciousness coma scores than that of the control group. The data difference is quite large (P<0.05), the experimental group had better effect. Conclusion: The combined treatment of Buyang Huanwu Decoction and acupuncture in the treatment of patients with sequelae of stroke has a significant clinical effect, which can improve the quality of life of patients, improve the nerve function of patients, and have a positive effect on clinical development.
Application of Computer Aided Simulation and Biomechanical Analysis in Treatment of Congenital Sagittal Synostosis
Authors: Xiang Li , Zheng Lu , Zhicen Li , Wanchun Zhu , Jintao He , Yaxiong Yu , Jian Gong
Published: September 2020

This study explores the application value of computer aided simulation and biomechanical analysis in treatment of congenital sagittal synostosis. The traditional and proposed treatment methods were evaluated by comparing the operation time, blood loss, operation cost and postoperative complications. The application of computer simulation surgery and biomechanical analysis in the treatment of children with congenital sagittal synostosis allows surgeons to be familiar with the operation process and splicing scheme in advance. In particular, computer biomechanical analysis was proposed for the first time to determine the position and quantity of the joint materials, so as to achieve operation's objectives of stability, aesthetics, expansion, significantly improve the surgical efficiency, reduce the cost and postoperative complications.
Variation in Spontaneous Activity and Visual Evoked Response in Primary Visual Cortex of the S334ter-3 Rats
Authors: Hou Bojun , Chen Ke , Zhao Yilei , Lai Hang Chan Leanne
Published: September 2020

S334ter-3 retinal degeneration (RD) rats have been widely used to investigate degenerative diseases of the retina. In this model, morphological and electrophysiological changes have been observed in the retina, superior colliculus and primary visual cortex (V1). In this study, experimental rats (S334ter-3) carried one copy of the mutant transgene. We measured the extracellular responses in the primary visual cortex to three stimulus contrast levels (spontaneous activity, medium contrast, and high contrast) at the preferred parameters of each recorded cell under classical receptive field (CRF) stimulation. Then we compared the responses (spontaneous activity and the visual evoked responses) in RD rats with those in wildtype rats. Our results show that V1 cells in the RD group exhibit stronger spontaneous activity but weaker stimulus-evoked responses at medium and high contrasts. At the same time, compared with WT group, RD group also showed a narrow dynamic range. These results indicate the decrease in discriminating the stimuli contrast and loss in responses and lower signal to noise ratio after retina degeneration.
Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease using Structural MRI and Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Bian Shuyang
Published: September 2020

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent, neurological disease without effective treatment. However, if diagnosed early, the progression of the disease could be delayed through medication. Currently, one method to effectively diagnose AD early is to use Alternate Covering Neural Network (ACNN) network to discern various non-invasive Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images. This research aims to create an approach better than the current one and thus increase the accuracy of classifying MRI images, thereby diagnosing AD earlier and more perfectly. Methods: Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; National Institutes of Health Grant U19 AG024904) database provided 3013 different sets of 3D MRI images labeled as cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD. A newly-proposed, modified Residual Network (ResNet) and an ACNN network were then constructed. Their common goal was to learn how to classify these labeled MRI images. After training, the two models got unique parameters for using the updated network to diagnose new images. Finally, inference, or testing the diagnostic accuracy of the two models, were performed based on another 469 different 3D MRI image sets. The accuracy of classification for two separate models were compared. Results: Compared with the ACNN network with a weighted classification accuracy of 80.17%, the newly proposed ResNet network enhances the weighted accuracy to 85.07% and showed statistical significance (p<0.001). Through analyzing the occurrence of falsepositive cases by two models, a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn. The area under the curve of the ROC confirms this enhancement as the area under the curve of ROC is greater than that of the ACNN model in two of the three cases (MCI 0.9293>0.9196; AD 0.9389>0.9146). Conclusions: The research proposed a new deep learning convolutional network to classify 3D structural MRI images. The new ResNet is better in that it showed increased accuracy with statistical significance and had fewer false-positive results compare with the traditional ACNN network, thereby promising to help doctors diagnose AD more quickly and more accurately.
Research on Cervical Cancer and Its Drug Treatment
Authors: Ji Mengxuan
Published: September 2020

Cervical cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in gynecology, usually due to persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). At present, the main therapeutic drugs used in clinical practice are traditional chemotherapeutic drugs and targeted drugs, and drug therapy mainly includes traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy. Because traditional chemotherapeutic drugs usually can not solve the problem of drug resistance and side effects, people started using molecular biology and genomics study of targeted drug therapy. This article mainly discusses the target drug treatment of cervical cancer, anti-angiogenesis, immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment methods, as they have been applied in the treatment of cervical cancer and showed effect, which also brought new hope for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Responses to Higher Concentration Lecithin of Apoptosis Relevant Factors and Detection of Specific Lecithin Binding Proteins by AC-MS assay
Authors: Yu Yuxi
Published: September 2020

Lecithin in mixed micelles attenuates cytotoxicity by interacting with proteins or other cell inclusions. The reaction was then captured via magnetic beads binding approach. This research proposal was designed to discover the impacts of lecithin on apoptosis relevant factors (including caspase 3/8/9 and PARP) by Western Blot and specific protein binding mechanism of lecithin detoxification pathway, using caco-2 cell model. Preliminary investigation of the properties of the proteins was conducted by MS (Mass Spectrometry) couplet to AC (Affinity Chromatography) assay. Further research of particular proteins was to identify the size and peptide sequence. This study also provided solid evidence for the previous research result, which was lecithin reduce cytotoxicity induced by SDC contained mixed micelles.
Status Analysis on the Marketing Authorization Holder of China's Drugs
Authors: Haishi Yu , Yingzhu Jiang , Weijun Zhou
Published: September 2020

We analyze the basic situation of Marketing Authorization Holder (MAH) of drugs in China. Mathematical analysis was carried out on the approval time, product category, dosage form, listing permit holder and production unit of 3239 MAH of drugs in China as of July 31, 2019. We found the following results. The approval time for MAH of drugs was concentrated in 2015, mainly based on chemicals, and the dosage forms were mostly tablets and injections. Furthermore, the number of MAH of drugs varies greatly among different provinces, and the number of Hebei, Guangdong, and Jiangsu ranks in the top three. Thirdly, there are time differences, variety types and geographical differences in the MAH of drugs. This is the application for examination and approval after the full implementation of the MAH of drugs system, and the patent and intellectual property protection in the process of entrusted production technology transfer. The research provides reference for enterprise declaration and regulatory approval management after the full implementation of the MAH system in China.
Research progress on the safety evaluation of selenium enriched yeast
Authors: Li Benjiao , Li Song , Ma Binrong , Jing Yong , Zhang Zheming , Li Zhijia , Zeng Dequan
Published: September 2020

Selenium-enriched yeast has the physiological functions of improving immunity, anti-oxidation, liver protection, lipid-lowering and anti-cancer. Currently, it is widely used as an organic selenium supplement to prevent diseases of livestock and poultry and aquatic animals, and increase the rate of littering and egg production rate of poultry, reduce the mortality of fish and other aquatic animals, and promote the growth of livestock and poultry. This article reviews the acute toxicity, genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity of selenium-enriched yeast, in order to provide a reference for the safe application of selenium-enriched yeast.
Structure and Spectral Characteristics of Glucose
Authors: Song Ran , Chen Dong , Suo Chengxiang , Guo Zhiheng
Published: September 2020

Compared with the traditional methods, the fully random conformational search based on Monte Carlo is more random and comprehensive. In this paper, the structural characteristics and spectral vibration of glucose molecules are studied by this method, and the results are compared with the existing results, which are highly consistent in all aspects, confirming the scientificity and accuracy of this method. At last, the properties, functions and spectral vibrations of glucose are studied by combining electrostatic analysis and spectral analysis. This method provides a new way to study the related properties of other biomolecules.
Characterization of arabinoxylan degrading enzymes during wheat malting
Authors: Chu Bao , Chai Yanan , Jin Yuhong , Zhang Zhaoan , Yang Xiao , Liu Junhan
Published: September 2020

In this paper the arabinoxylanase activities and the content of water-extractable arabinoxylans (WEAXs) including their degradation products in wheat Yannong 24 during the malting process were studied. The results showed that the endo-β-1,4-xylanase activity had a large increase during the steeping process, endo-β-1,4-xylanase and α-L-arabinofuranosidase achieved the highest activity on day 4 of germination. During malt kilning, endo-β-1,4-xylanase and α-L- arabinofuranosidase were not heat stable, and the activity decline rate were 65.88% and 69.58%; whereas malt β-D-xylosidase was resistant to heat and it’s activity decline rate was only 18.74%. It is during steeping and the first day of germination that the content of WEAXs and it’s degradation products (WEAXs+DP) dramatically increased, and this corresponded to the greater improvement of endo-β-1,4-xylanase activity in the same phase. The WEAXs+DP content has a very significant positive correlation with the endo-β-1,4-xylanase activity (0.892, p<0.01). It can be indicated that endo-β-1,4-xylanase is the main degrading enzyme in the degradation of WUAXs and the increase of the WEAXs content during steeping and the first day of wheat germination.
Study on Quality of Soluble Dietary Fiber from Jujube (Z. vulgaris Lam) with Different Treatments
Authors: Shao Jiawei , Fu Jianxin , Zhang Guixiang
Published: September 2020

The studies focused on plant soluble dietary fiber. The apparent characteristics of SDF from the Jujube under different treatment methods can provide theoretical support for product development to obtain the best trait products. Optimal extraction conditions, physical properties and antioxidant activity of SDF from the Jujube were investigated. The yield of 20.17 ± 0.16 % for extraction of soluble dietary fiber from Jujube were obtained as extraction temperature was 94 °C, extraction time was 40 min and ratio of raw material to water was 1:21. The physical properties of SDF were ascertained by measuring dissolution time, rehydration, swelling ability and bulk density, respectively. And it was evaluated by FT-IR and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, it was proved that the soluble dietary fiber extracted by vacuum freeze dried had higher scavenging ability than that of vacuum dried and hot dried against DPPH, ABTS+ and hydroxyl radical. It has good antioxidant function and can slow down intestinal aging as a basis for new food development.
Prediction of off-target effects of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for design of sgRNA
Authors: Guo Calvin , Zhen David
Published: September 2020

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology is the frontier of life science research. They have been used to cure human genetic diseases, achieve cell personalized treatment, develop new drugs, and improve the genetic characteristics of crops and other fields. This system relies on the enzyme Cas9 cutting target DNA (on target) under the guidance of sgRNA, but it can also cut non-target sites, which results in offtarget effects, thus causing uncontrollable mutations. The risk of off-target effect in CRISPR technology is the main limiting factor that affects the widespread application of CRISPR technology. How to evaluate and reduce the off-target effect is the urgent problem to be solved. In this work, we build up a model that can predict the score of being off-target. Through comparison with the complete genome of the target and precise mathematics that calculate the potential risk of being off-target, we optimize the sgRNA, which is capable of reducing the off-target effect. The result has proven that we can efficiently and quickly identify and screen the best editing target sites with our model. The CRISPR/Cas9 system, not even being perfected yet, has already demonstrated its potential in the field of genome editing. Hopefully through our model, the CRISPR/Cas9 system can quickly apply to more branches in life science and cure those diseases that have been previously incurable.
Analysis of influencing factors of gas injection development in fractured pore carbonate reservoirs
Authors: Heng Song , Xuelin Wu , Jianxin Li , fan Liu
Published: September 2020

Zhanazhol is a weakly volatile reservoir of fractured pore carbonate. The reservoir has poor physical properties and strong heterogeneity. During injection development, the pressure of injection wells is severe and the effect of water injection is not obvious. Making full use of abundant associated gas resources for gas injection development is the best way to stabilize and restore formation pressure and improve oilfield development effectiveness. In order to clarify the impact of different geological characteristics and development parameters on the gas injection development effect of fractured pore carbonate reservoirs, an orthogonal test method was used to analyze the main influencing factors of gas injection development. Studies have shown that the order of the influence of various parameters on gas injection development from high to low is injection-production ratio, well spacing, oil production rate, gas injection timing, matrix permeability, formation dip angle, fracture volume density, net pay thickness, ratio of horizontal permeability to vertical permeability. The research results provide support for formulating gas injection development technology policies and improving oilfield development effect.
Technology optimization study on high fragrance cold solubility instant powder of Hubei Qingzhuan tea produced by freeze-drying method
Authors: Li Hui-hui , Xie Qing-qing , Pan Qing-mei , He Si-yun , Sui Hong-wei
Published: September 2020

Although Chinese instant tea powder production ranks first in the world, instant dark tea powder was rare in the market. Zhaoliqiao, Changshengchuan and Yangloudong Qingzhuan tea were used to optimize the technology process of high fragrance cold solubility instant powder while absorbance value was taken as detection index by single factor experiments combined with orthogonal experiments, which could provide a beneficial reference for deep utilization of Hubei Qingzhuan tea. The data showed the particle size of tea, tea-water ratio and extracting temperature significantly affected the extraction efficiency while extraction time did little. The extraction efficiency was the highest when using 120-mesh dark tea, extracting with 1:40 tea-water ratio, and extracting temperature of 100℃.
Study on the influence of test solution concentration on the chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic tiles
Authors: Tian Tao , Liu Shanyu , Wang Rong , Lei Ying , Zheng Changlin
Published: September 2020

Chemical resistance is one of the important evaluation factors of ceramic tiles. This article describes the method for determining the chemical resistance of ceramic tiles, and discusses the influence of acid-base solution concentration on the test results during the experiment, and proposes corresponding improvement measures.
The effect of acetic acid extraction time on the dissolution of lead and cadmium in ceramic tiles
Authors: Tian Tao , Zhang Yujing , Kang Zhiyuan , Dang Haibo
Published: September 2020

With the improvement of people's living standard, the glazed tiles will be decorated with some colored glaze materials in order to increase strength and surface decoration effect, and these ceramic tiles containing lead and cadmium will be dissolved out under the action of acid. The dissolved lead and cadmium and other heavy metals after inhalation will affect the human liver, nervous system, hematopoiesis, and even paralysis. The Influence of detection mechanism and detection time on the results is discussed in this paper.
Preparation Process of Straw-based Activated Carbon for Uranium Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Wang Hongtao , Gui Rong , Zhu Wenxia , lu Hankun , Geng Wenze , Chen Jiayou , Wu Lina
Published: September 2020

A process and equipment for preparing activated carbon from straw and its application in treating uranium wastewater are proposed. The ZnCl2-microwave carbonization method is adopted, which flexibly applies the wave absorbing ability of zinc element and greatly reduces the carbonization time. At the same time, the dehydrogenation of ZnCl2 limits the formation of coal tar and improves the carbon formation rate. Through citric acid modification, a functional group with specific adsorbability to uranyl ions is formed, which can produce high-efficiency complexation effect with uranyl ions and improve the adsorption capacity of uranyl ions. When the wastewater is mixed with other heavy metal elements, uranyl ions occupy the main adsorption sites, which can still maintain excellent targeted adsorption effect and can be targeted to treat uranyl ions in radioactive uranium wastewater. The key equipment in the process consists of cleaning and impurity removal components, raw material crushing components and carbonization components. The whole production process is completed in the same equipment. The optimum adsorption capacity (Ac) of 4.98 mg/g and uranium adsorption rate (Ar) of 99% were obtained by using soybean straw as raw material under the preparation conditions of 20% ZnCl2 solution and 15% citric acid solution.
An efficient strategy for improving the water stability of a nearinfrared- emissive lanthanide MOF
Authors: Yu Haihuan , Su Zhongmin , Li Xiao
Published: September 2020

Near-Infrared-emissive materials have attracted substantial attention due to their unique properties. To solve the urgent requirements of high-water stability materials can be widely used in practical engineering. Hence, a novel near infrared luminescent and highly water-stable lanthanide-organic frameworks (namely Yb-MOF-Y) was synthesized under hydrothermal method by anchoring functionalized, rigid ligands 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline onto its skeleton. It is notable that the Yb-MOF-Y possess high structural stability in water for 28 days, in different acid-base solutions (pH = 4-10) for 3 days and the thermal stability in water (-20 °C to 60 °C) for 3 days. Remarkably, luminescent studies reveal that the Yb-MOF-Y can be used as a potential material in near infrared field.
Nanoparticle floating-gate transistor memory based on solution-processed ambipolar organic semiconductor
Authors: Sun Sheng , Zhang Shengdong
Published: September 2020

Organic thin-film transistor memory based on nano-floating-gate nonvolatile memory was demonstrated by a simple method. The gold nanoparticle that fabricated by thermally evaporated acted as the floating gate. Spin coated PMMA film acted as the tunneling layer. A solution-processed ambipolar semiconductor acted as the active layer. Because of the existence of both hole and electron carriers in bipolar semiconductor materials, it is more conducive to the editing and erasing of memories under positive and negative pressure. The memory based on metal nanoparticles and organic bipolar semiconductor shows good read-write function.
Progress of pulsed light sterilization technology in the food field
Authors: Fang Weijin , Xue Shengping , Yue Yitong
Published: September 2020

In recent years, the rate of disease outbreaks caused by food-borne microorganisms is gradually increasing. The abuse of food preservatives has not only caused environmental problems, but also led to the gradual increase in the resistance of bacteria. As a non-thermal physical sterilization technology, pulsed light sterilization has attracted more and more attention in the field of food sterilization. Traditional heat sterilization will destroy the quality of food and cannot be used for preservation of fruits and vegetables. Chemical reagents will cause environmental problems. The pulsed light sterilization technology has the advantages of low cost, pollution-free, safe and efficient, and will not damage food quality. It can be perfectly applied in the field of food sterilization. Pulsed light can also be used in combination with other sterilization technologies. For example, the combined application of pectin coating and UV sterilization technology to treat food will achieve better results. The research on pulsed light sterilization at home and abroad is mainly based on the application in food sterilization. This article describes the mechanism of pulsed light sterilization, introduces the application examples of pulsed light sterilization in the food field, and discusses the impact on food quality.
Features of transmission of electromagnetic waves through composite nanoresonators including epsilon-near-zero metamaterials
Authors: Starodubtsev Evgenii
Published: September 2020

Transmission of electromagnetic waves through nanometric multilayers (nanoresonators) including a main composite layer made of two alternating strips of low-absorbing dielectrics that is sandwiched between epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) or metallic spacer layers has been modeled. Analytical models are based on exact solutions of electromagnetic boundary problems. The spacers with the definite properties lead to extreme dependences of amplitude transmission coefficients on the system parameters and drastic increase in phase difference of the transmitted waves. These effects are most pronounced for subwavelength multilayer thicknesses due to multibeam interference features in the nanoresonator, and they can be amplified when the main layer and (or) the whole system thicknesses decrease. The investigated transmission features take place under variations of the system parameters such as anisotropy of the main layer materials, non-ideal realization of ENZ materials, oblique incidence of the exciting radiation (for small incidence angles). The obtained results can have applications in development of ultra-thin nanophotonics devices using phase transformation of transmitted waves.
Tilia tomentosa Moench, die Silberlinde
Authors: Appel Kurt , Wegener Tankred
Published: September 2020

Tilia tomentosa, Silberlinde, wird traditionell in Ländern wie der Türkei und Lateinamerika bei Nervosität und Angststörungen angewendet. Im Europäischen Arzneibuch ist Tilia tomentosa nicht monografiert. Allerdings gibt es in Deutschland seit einigen Jahren Extrakte aus den frischen Knospen der Silberlinde. Da es bisher nur wenige Hinweise auf potenzielle Wirkmechanismen gab, wurden die Effekte auf den GABA-Rezeptor untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der eingesetzte Knospenextrakt an der GABA-Bindungsstelle des GABAA-Rezeptors bindet, jedoch nicht an der Benzodiazepin-Bindungsstelle. Die Ergebnisse können als ein erster kleiner Ansatz betrachtet werden, um die traditionelle Verwendung als plausibel zu betrachten.
Verletzungen im deutschen paralympischen Ski Alpin über einen 25-jährigen Zeitraum
Authors: Krüger Lara , Stinus Hartmut
Published: September 2020

Einleitung Trotz der Größe der Paralympischen Spiele und der Vielzahl der Menschen mit Behinderung besteht ein Mangel an Studien zum Thema (Hoch-) Leistungssport mit Behinderung. Major-Verletzungen im deutschen paralympischen Ski Alpin sollten im Rahmen einer Kohortenstudie erfasst und retrospektiv analysiert und dargestellt werden.

Patienten und Methoden Über 25 Jahre wurden im deutschen paralympischen Ski-Team im Wettkampf und Training sämtliche Verletzungen, die mit einem strukturellen Schaden einhergingen, dokumentiert. Es erfolgte eine deskriptive statische Auswertung.

Ergebnisse 22 von 94 Athleten (23 %) zogen sich Major-Verletzungen zu. Dies waren 12 (55 %) Sportler der Kategorie „sitzend“, 9 (41 %) der Kategorie „stehend“ und 1 Athlet (5 %) der Kategorie „sehbehindert“. Am häufigsten waren Verletzungen der oberen Extremität (n = 9,41 %), insbesondere der Schulter (n = 8,36 %). Vor allem sitzende Athleten zogen sich Schulterverletzungen zu. Die mit Abstand verletzungsträchtigsten Disziplinen waren die Speed-Disziplinen Abfahrtslauf und Super G (n = 17,77 %). Die Verletzungsrate betrug durchschnittlich 7 % der Athleten/Jahr. In unserer Kohorte verletzten sich absolut die meisten Athleten während der Paralympischen Spiele in Nagano 1998 (n = 4). Die höchste Verletzungsrate hingegen beobachteten wir während der Paralympischen Spiele in Sotchi 2014 (33 %).

Diskussion Die aktuelle Datenlage weist darauf hin, dass, anders als bisher angenommen, das Verletzungsrisiko paralympischer Athleten höher zu sein scheint als bei olympischen Athleten. Insbesondere sitzende Athleten haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für Verletzungen. Diesen sollte bei Präventionsmaßnahmen eine besondere Beachtung zukommen. Ein intensiviertes Training der Rumpfmuskulatur erscheint sinnvoll. Technische Hilfsmittel wie der Monoskibob verdienen besondere Aufmerksamkeit, um eine sichere Funktion zu gewährleisten. Schulterverletzungen sind bei sitzenden Athleten gleichzeitig besonders häufig und besonders fatal. Ein sorgsames Krafttraining der Schulter erscheint unabdingbar. Zur Reduzierung der Verletzungshäufigkeit und -schwere ist die Weiterentwicklung von Präventionsmaßnahmen unabdingbar. Die weitere Professionalisierung des paralympischen Wettkampfs und Trainings erachten wir als sinnvoll.

Schlussfolgerung Sitzende Sportler weisen eine erhöhte Verletzungsrate auf und neigen zu Schulterverletzungen. Gerade diese sind für die Athleten im Alltag häufig fatal. Die Weiterentwicklung von Präventionsmaßnahmen erachten wir als essenziell für die Zukunft des paralympischen Sports.
Laboratory Assessment of Coagulation Factor XIII
Authors: Schroeder Verena
Published: September 2020

Laboratory diagnosis of congenital and acquired deficiencies of coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) can be challenging. Determination of FXIII function requires specific and sensitive assays which are not always available. This brief review article summarizes currently used FXIII assay methods, their principles and difficulties, and discusses the recommended diagnostic workup in case of a suspected FXIII deficiency. The article also briefly touches on experimental methods used in FXIII research.