bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Millimeter Detection of the Disk around a Young, Isolated, Planetary-mass Object
Authors: Bayo Amelia , Joergens Viki , Liu Yao , Brauer Robert , Olofsson Johan , Arancibia Javier , Pinilla Paola , Wolf Sebastian , Ruge Jan Philipp , Henning Thomas , Natta Antonella , Johnston Katharine G. , Bonnefoy Mickael , Beuther Henrik , Chauvin Gael
Published: May 2017

OTS44 is one of only four free-floating planets known to have a disk. We have previously shown that it is the coolest and least massive known free-floating planet (∼12

) with a substantial disk that is actively accreting. We have obtained Band 6 (233 GHz) ALMA continuum data of this very young disk-bearing object. The data show a clear unresolved detection of the source. We obtained disk-mass estimates via empirical correlations derived for young, higher-mass, central (substellar) objects. The range of values obtained are between 0.07 and 0.63

(dust masses). We compare the properties of this unique disk with those recently reported around higher-mass (brown dwarfs) young objects in order to infer constraints on its mechanism of formation. While extreme assumptions on dust temperature yield disk-mass values that could slightly diverge from the general trends found for more massive brown dwarfs, a range of sensible values provide disk masses compatible with a unique scaling relation between

and M
* through the substellar domain down to planetary masses.
Binarity as the Solution to the Stellar Evolution Enigma Posed by NGC 6791
Authors: Carraro Giovanni , Benvenuto Omar G.
Published: May 2017

Binary evolution is investigated as the source for the extreme horizontal branch (EHB) stars in the old and metal-rich open cluster NGC 6791. Employing an updated version of our binary stellar evolution code, we demonstrate that EHB stars naturally emerge from the common-envelope phase. In sum, the binary model reproduces the observed (T
eff,

) and temporal properties of the EHB overdensity tied to NGC 6971, without needing an ad hoc and anomalous mass-loss prescription.
Health Literacy in a Social Context: Review of Quantitative Evidence
Authors: Sentell Tetine , Pitt Ruth , Buchthal Opal Vanessa
Published: May 2017

Background:

Conceptual literature has consistently noted that health literacy exists within a social context. This review examined how the intersection of social context and health literacy has been operationalized in quantitative, empirical research.

Methods:

Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we searched seven databases, including PubMed and CINAHL (The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), using a range of potentially relevant keywords, and we hand-searched bibliographies. Inclusion criteria were quantitative studies of any design in which measurement of health literacy and measurement of social context intersected. We identified 1,052 unduplicated articles; 34 met inclusion criteria.

Key Results:

We found three distinct perspectives on the intersection between health literacy and social context. Most common (
n
= 23) were studies measuring an
association
between individual health literacy and individual social capital, social support, or social engagement, particularly whether social support varied by health literacy and/or if this relationship mediated health outcomes. Another group of studies (
n
= 6) took the perspective that being health literate by
definition
included social context, including access to and/or use of social support as a domain in individual health literacy assessment. Five studies considered the social context of health literacy as an independent
property
measured beyond the individual level; two measured community-level health literacy and three measured health literacy capacity/concordance in caregiving dyads. The studies showed significant definitional and measurement complexity and overlap. In the most dramatic example, a similar question was used across various studies to measure (1) health literacy, (2) a social support domain in health literacy, (3) social support, and (4) a study outcome distinct from, but associated with, health literacy. Potential useful methods, such as social network analyses, were missing from the literature.

Discussion:

Existing quantitative research on health literacy in a social context supports more attention to this topic. This review quantified evidence, revealed gaps, noted limitations, and identified important questions for future research.

[
Health Literacy Research and Practice

.
2017;1(2):e41–e70.]

Plain Language Summary:

This study systemically compiles existing quantitative empirical research (34 articles) focusing on the intersection of health literacy in the social context. We find considerable measurement complexity in the current body of work on this topic and identify three distinct perspectives that researchers have taken while considering this topic. This information will be useful for future development of this important research area.
Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (XX)
Authors: Fernández J.
Published: May 2017

Esta actual relación de nuevos táxones incluye 501 registros (378 especies, 55 géneros o subgéneros, 43 categorías supragenéricas y 25 subespecies), publicados en 251 trabajos, principalmente en 2015 y 2016. Se incluyen también aquellos registros publicados con anterioridad y que no habían sido recogidos en las recopilaciones anteriores. Todos ellos proceden del área geográfica objeto de la revisión y de fondos abisales próximos, o su distribución conocida la incluye o engloban categorías presentes en esa zona.
Méta-usages du numérique chez le manager : Nouveaux enjeux pour les formations dans l’enseignement supérieur
Authors: MOCQUET Bertrand , Rouissi Soufiane
Published: May 2017

Convaincus du rôle des universités dans le développement futur des organisations, nous porterons notre regard dans cet article sur les nouveaux enjeux de formation dans l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche (ESR) pour prendre en compte la transformation numérique qui s’opère dans la société. Nous constatons deux mouvements combinés sur les usages du numérique dans les organisations publiques ou privées : l’aisance des usagers des services numériques des organisations et l’apparition de nouveaux managers qui disposent de compétences qui témoignent d’usages personnels et avérés du numérique. Dans un contexte de transformation numérique, nous nous interrogerons sur les nouvelles compétences dont doivent disposer les managers pour permettre à leur organisation de réussir ce changement. En nous appuyant sur les travaux de Serge Proulx autour des usages du numérique, nous établirons une proposition de concept, celui de méta-usage du numérique. Notre recherche prend également appui sur une enquête auprès de managers à partir d’un échantillon de type volontaire et nous tenterons de démontrer qu’il est possible de construire de nouvelles formations à partir de l'énoncé de ce concept.
Regulatory Eosinophils Suppress T Cells Partly through Galectin-10
Authors: Lingblom Christine , Andersson Jennie , Andersson Kerstin , Wennerås Christine
Published: May 2017

Eosinophils have the capacity to regulate the function of T cell subsets. Our aim was to test the hypothesis of the existence of a regulatory subset of eosinophils. Human eosinophils were incubated with T cells that were stimulated with allogeneic leukocytes or CD3/CD28 cross-linking. After 2 d of coculture, 11% of the eosinophils gained CD16 expression. A CD16hi subset of eosinophils, encompassing 1–5% of all eosinophils, was also identified in the blood of healthy subjects. FACS sorting showed that these CD16hi eosinophils were significantly stronger suppressors of T cell proliferation than were conventional CD16neg eosinophils. Human eosinophils contain stores of the immunoregulatory protein galectin-10. We found that Ab-mediated neutralization of galectin-10 partially abrogated the suppressive function of the eosinophils. Moreover, recombinant galectin-10 by itself was able to suppress T cell proliferation. Finally, we detected galectin-10–containing immune synapses between eosinophils and lymphocytes. To conclude, we describe a subset of suppressive eosinophils expressing CD16 that may escape detection because CD16-based negative selection is the standard procedure for the isolation of human eosinophils. Moreover, we show that galectin-10 functions as a T cell–suppressive molecule in eosinophils.
Micro-enterprise predicament in township economic development: Evidence from Ivory Park and Tembisa
Authors: Charman Andrew
Published: May 2017

Background: In South Africa, the idea that the township economy needs to be ‘revitalised’ has begun to gain significant political traction. The Gauteng provincial government has responded to this challenge by setting out a strategy that promises to channel resources and create opportunities for micro-enterprises. The paper responds to development interventions such as this through interrogating the nature of the challenges facing micro-enterprises that need to be overcome in South African townships.Aim: In response to the developmental need to stimulate micro-enterprise growth in South African townships, the paper poses the question: what approaches are most likely to have a positive impact on township businesses, given current micro-enterprise dynamics?Setting: Primary research was undertaken in two neighbouring townships in Gauteng province, in Ivory Park and Tembisa.Methods: The data comprises a geospatial census of enterprise activities, a survey of select firms and qualitative interviews with business owners. The research utilised a small-area census approach to obtain data on business activities within an area of approximately 2km2 in each site. The census enumerated 2509 micro-enterprises in Ivory Park and 1722 micro-enterprises in Tembisa. Firm interviews were conducted with business owners in four sectors: grocery retail, liquor retail, hair care and early childhood development centres.Results: The business census identifies a strong similarity in the structure of the townships’ informal micro-entrepreneurship despite the considerable differences in the socio-economic status of the respective case sites. The enterprise survey highlights the resource constraints of township businesses and thinness of local markets. Interviews with entrepreneurs reveal four main pathways through which individuals enter into self-employment with the most dynamic enterprises established by inward investing entrepreneurs. Spatial considerations exert an influence on the position of enterprise sectors, whilst access to land and business infrastructure are notable constraints.Conclusion: Reflecting on the evidence, the paper concludes with making a call for a more low-geared development approach, focusing on lessening the legal, institutional and regulatory obstacles to enterprise growth as a first step. Municipalities have an important role in liberalising the spaces and places where township informal enterprises can and should be permitted to trade as well as creating a more favourable business environment. The challenges of crime and finance demand more purposeful action from the national government.
Directed GF-spaces
Authors: Arenas F.G. , Sánchez Granero M. A.
Published: May 2017

In this paper we introduce the concept of directed fractal structure, which is a generalization of the concept of fractal structure (introduced by the authors). We study the relation with transitive quasiuniformities and inverse limits of posets. We define the concept of GF-compactification and apply it to prove that the Stone-Cech compactification can be obtained as the GF-compactification of the directed fractal structure associated to the Pervin quasi-uniformity.
On strongly reflexive topological groups
Authors: Chasco M. J. , Martin-Peinador E.
Published: May 2017

An Abelian topological group G is strongly reflexive if every closed subgroup and every Hausdorff quotient of G and of its dual group G⋀, is reflexive.

In this paper we prove the following: the annihilator of a closed subgroup of an almost metrizable group is topologically isomorphic to the dual of the corresponding Hausdorff quotient, and an analogous statement holds for the character group of the starting group. As a consequence of this perfect duality, an almost metrizable group is strongly reflexive just if its Hausdorff quotients, as well as the Hausdorff quotients of its dual, are reflexive. The simplification obtained may be significant from an operative point of view.
Strengthening connected Tychonoff topologies
Authors: Shakhmatov Dimitri , Tkachenko Mikhail , Tkachuk Vladimir V. , Wilson Richard G.
Published: May 2017

The problem of whether a given connected Tychonoff space admits a strictly finer connected Tychonoff topology is considered. We show that every Tychonoff space X satisfying ω (X) ≤ c and c (X) ≤ N0 admits a finer strongly σ-discrete connected Tychonoff topology of weight 2c. We also prove that every connected Tychonoff space is an open continuous image of a connected strongly σ-discrete submetrizable Tychonoff space. The latter result is applied to represent every connected topological group as a quotient of a connected strongly σ-discrete submetrizable topological group.
All hypertopologies are hit-and-miss
Authors: Naimpally Somshekhar
Published: May 2017

We solve a long standing problem by showing that all known hypertopologies are hit-and-miss. Our solution is not merely of theoretical importance. This representation is useful in the study of comparison of the Hausdorff-Bourbaki or H-B uniform topologies and the Wijsman topologies among themselves and with others. Up to now some of these comparisons needed intricate manipulations. The H-B uniform topologies were the subject of intense activity in the 1960's in connection with the Isbell-Smith problem. We show that they are proximally locally finite topologies from which the solution to the above problem follows easily. It is known that the Wijsman topology on the hyperspace is the proximal ball (hit-and-miss) topology in”nice” metric spaces including the normed linear spaces. With the introduction of a new far-miss topology we show that the Wijsman topology is hit-and-miss for all metric spaces. From this follows a natural generalization of the Wijsman topology to the hyperspace of any T1 space. Several existing results in the literature are easy consequences of our work.
Developable hyperspaces are metrizable
Authors: Holá L'Ubica , Pelant Jan , Zsilinszky László
Published: May 2017

Developability of hyperspace topologies (locally finite, (bounded) Vietoris, Fell, respectively) on the nonempty closed sets is characterized. Submetrizability and having a Gδ-diagonal in the hyperspace setting is also discussed.
Paths in hyperspaces
Authors: Constantini Camillo , Kubís Wieslaw
Published: May 2017

We prove that the hyperspace of closed bounded sets with the Hausdor_ topology, over an almost convex metric space, is an absolute retract. Dense subspaces of normed linear spaces are examples of, not necessarily connected, almost convex metric spaces. We give some necessary conditions for the path-wise connectedness of the Hausdorff metric topology on closed bounded sets. Finally, we describe properties of a separable metric space, under which its hyperspace with the Wijsman topology is path-wise connected.
A Replication of Four Quasi-Experiments and Three Facts from ‘The Effect of File Sharing on Record Sales: An Empirical Analysis’ (Journal of Political Economy, 2007)
Authors: Liebowitz Stan J.
Published: May 2017

The influential piracy paper by Professors Oberholzer-Gee and Strumpf, although mainly based on proprietary data, contained an “important complement” to the main results, consisting of four “quasi-experiments” using publicly available data. This replication examines all of these quasi-experiments by using identical data and statistical methods where possible, as well as sometimes extending or augmenting the data or methods. This study concludes that the quasi-experiments performed by OS each contain important errors, oversights or inconsistencies that most often, but not completely, overturn the results claimed in the original OS article.
Territorial Contradictions of the Rise of China: Geopolitics, Nationalism and Hegemony in Comparative-Historical Perspective
Authors: Karatasli Sahan Savas , Kumral Sefika
Published: May 2017

There is debate in the literature regarding whether China can become a new world hegemonic power in the 21st century. Most existing analyses focus on economic aspects of world hegemony-building processes and ignore its macro-political dimensions. This article starts with the premise that reshaping the geopolitical configuration of the inter-state system is an important part of world hegemony-building processes. One of the ways in which previous and current world hegemonic powers established their world hegemonies was through the inclusion of new nations by co-opting, supporting or sometimes selectively leading a section of nationalist movements into independence. Our comparative analysis shows that, as of now, contemporary China has not been following this historical pattern. Compared to Mao-era China, which was perceived as a champion of national liberation—at least when colonial and semi-colonial areas were at stake—today’s People’s Republic of China (PRC) is emerging as a champion of the global geo-political status quo. The current Chinese government is not actively pursuing the transformation of the inter-state system or seeking to create instabilities at different levels. This is because, unlike previous and current world hegemonic powers, during its rise to global preeminence, Chinese territorial integrity has been challenged due to rapid escalation of nationalist/secessionist movements within its own state boundaries. Hence, the PRC's foreign policy has consistently been concerned with creating and preserving macro-political stability at national and international levels.
Political Economy, Capability Development, and Fundamental Cause: Integrating Perspectives on Child Health in Developing Countries
Authors: Burroway Rebekah
Published: May 2017

Several dominant theoretical perspectives attempt to account for health disparities in developing countries, including political economy, the capability approach, and fundamental cause. This study combines the perspectives in a multi-level analysis of child malnutrition and diarrhea in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of who faces increased health risks and who is shielded from them. Using the Demographic and Health Surveys and World Bank data, I estimate a series of models that predict the likelihood of child malnutrition and diarrhea, based on a set of country- and individual-level explanatory variables. Results suggest that at the individual-level, household wealth and maternal education are the most robust predictors of child health. These social factors are even more important than more proximate factors like clean water or sanitation. At the country-level, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita reduces malnutrition, but does not significantly affect incidence of diarrhea. Contrary to the predominant economic development paradigm, health care and education are more important in accounting for the prevalence of diarrhea than GDP. Finally, trade in and of itself is not harmful to well-being in developing countries. It is when countries become too dependent on one or a few commodities that trade starts to have detrimental costs. Thus, a synthesis of theoretical frameworks best illustrates the complex web of social structural factors that manifest as unequal life chances for children.
Correction to: Coakley, Maurice “Ireland, Europe and the Global Crisis.”
Authors: Smith Jackie
Published: May 2017

A series of citations in the text were missing page numbers. There were a series of quotations in the original text from journal articles and books that have been changed to reflect the exact page that the author is referencing in the article. The author has also attributed the quotations from public figures and politicians to their respective journalistic sources. Finally, the author has updated the “About the Author” section of the paper. The original article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2016.634
Correction to: Jacobsen, Kurt “Loose Ends: Considerations on the Aftermaths of the Celtic Tiger and the Northern 'Troubles'.”
Authors: Smith Jackie
Published: May 2017

Corrections have been made to the first page, including the two quotations that begin the article, and the first full paragraph. The original article can be found via the doi athttp://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2016.637
Desarrollo de Formulado para Teñido Orgánico con Añil
Authors: González José A. , Bernal Patricia G. , Linares Delmi , Crown Elizabeth M.
Published: May 2017

Una investigación ha sido conducida para el desarrollo de un formulado orgánico en el teñido con añil de telas de fibras naturales, el cual sea amigable al medio ambiente, y con cero impacto en la salud de los y las teñidoras. La investigación acá reportada encontró que es posible teñir telas de fibras 100% de algodón con un proceso enteramente orgánico, en donde los componentes del formulado son productos naturales que no causan ningún impacto negativo al medio ambiente, como se detalla a continuación: Afrecho de trigo y melaza como agentes reductores y cal hidratada como agente de control de la alcalinidad. Como se puede observar a continuación, se establecieron los parámetros ideales en la concentración de cada uno de los componentes: tamaño mínimo del baño, orden de mezcla de los componentes, protocolos de los procesos de fermentación y de teñido. Los resultados de teñido demostraron que con el formulado orgánico establecido se pueden teñir telas de 100% algodón con buena solidez al lavado y al frote, con muy poco sangrado posterior de las telas por excedentes de colorante añil.

Realidad y Reflexión Año 12, N° 36, Septiembre-Diciembre 2012: 41-68
Temáticas y enfoques para la difusión del conocimiento ambiental en las universidades de El Salvador
Authors: Valencia Granados Jorge Arnoldo
Published: May 2017

El Salvador necesita de una difusión coherente y unificada del análisis técnico de la problemática ambiental. Esto constituye un imperativo estratégico para el país, dada su vulnerabilidad reflejada en los índices ambientales recientes.
Este artículo propone un modelo multinivel con respecto a temas ambientales, que puede ser incorporado en la educación superior local. Los niveles son el país, la industria, el sector empresarial y personal. Aunque su difusión debe cubrir todas las carreras universitarias de diferentes maneras, se propone al menos cuatro temas que deben ser explorados: Marketing Verde, Producción Más Limpia, Fuentes de Energías Renovables y Logística Inversa.

Realidad y Reflexión Año 16, N° 44, Julio-Diciembre 2016: 48-59
La logística prospectiva
Authors: Jiménez Jorge Enrique
Published: May 2017

Este artículo es un intento de penetrar por el portal del futuro e involucra a la cadena de valor con las áreas estratégicas de investigación, con la finalidad de utilizar las ventajas competitivas presentes para bosquejar escenarios futuros de sostenibilidad e innovar acciones de corto plazo, para seguir por la ruta correcta que permita consolidar esas ventajas competitivas a largo plazo.

Realidad y Reflexión Año 16, N° 44, Julio-Diciembre 2016: 107-118
Learning Management System versus Social Networking Sites
Authors: Alfalah Tasneem F. , Alfalah Salsabeel F. , Falah Jannat F. , Qutaishat Walaa , Ishretih Wa’ed , Al-Zu’bi Maram
Published: May 2017

Purpose - The motive of this study was the notice of the constant movement of the students in The University of Jordan (UJ) from official communities to creating groups on SNSs. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate an analysis about students’ usage of E-learning and Facebook, and identifies the major functions that are missing in the e-learning system. This paper firstly, compared students’ usage for Learning Management Systems (LMSs) vs. Social Networking Sites (SNSs), and secondly, investigated the students’ perceptions towards educational value of integrating social networking features in the LMS through Mobile Learning (m-learning).Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from students from multiple sources: observation, interviews, and survey. The obtained results formed students perceptions toward currently used LMS in the university and SNSs, which lead to extracting their requirements to enhance the LMS used.Findings – The results of this research emphasize the importance of SNSs as a communication tool and the development of e-learning systems to move beyond LMS and engage students in an active use of the system as a resource of their information and collaborative activities.Originality/value –This study contributes to examining UJ students’ perceptions toward embedding the characteristics of the smart learning and the social network services into an e-learning system. In contrast to previous studies in enhancing LMS by just integrating features of SNSs into LMS without utilizing smart learning.
Financial Resources Management for SME`S of Mongolia
Authors: Solongo Ganbold
Published: May 2017

This paper Financial resources management analyzes the sources of financing for the medium enterprises in Mongolia by comparing between limited liability companies and public listed companies who are actively working in trading, manufacturing and service providing companies external and internal sources of finances. The paper gives an overview of the related theories of financial sources and capital structuring and aimed to approve based on the empirical studies on the selected three different industries 14 companies (based on the empirical studies done on 14 companies within three different industries). This paper also defined an optimal capital structure for the selected industries and each company based on the scenario analysis and assumptions. This paper investigates the sources of financing for the medium enterprises in Mongolia in different ownership structures by a capital structure theories and their impact on corporate financial performances. There are several theories regarding the process of business financing in general, companies can obtain sources of finances from short term sources, debt finance, venture capital, equity finance and internal sources.
A Study of the Causes of Famine in Iran during World War I
Authors: Pordeli Mohammad Reza , Abavysany Malihe , Mollashahi Maryam , Sanchooli Doost Ali
Published: May 2017

In the early twentieth century, for various political and economic reasons, the European countries were divided into the Allies and the Central Powers which led to the beginning of World War I. During those years, Iran was politically and economically too weak. Despite the fact that Iran declared neutrality in this war, it attracted the attention of world powers because of its vast oil resources and especial geographical location. In this way, Iran too was affected by the war. At the time Iran had lost its political independence due to certain colonial contracts (e.g., 1907, 1915). With the start of the war, a large group of foreign troops occupied Iran. This in fact was a heavy blow to the economics and agriculture of Iran, and together with the successive droughts, marked the most extreme famine of the century in Iran. Food shortage, high prices, disease contagions, and the pressure of the foreign forces to collect food supplies, increased the mortality rate so much so that almost half of the Iranian population died in dire conditions.
Assessment of intraoral mouthguards: usage and hygiene issues
Authors: Mańka-Malara Katarzyna , Łuniewska Joanna , Łuniewska Magdalena , Hovhannisyan Anahit , Gawlak Dominika
Published: May 2017

Introduction. Regular use of mouthguards requires proper arrangements for their disinfection and sanitization. Incorrect or infrequent hygiene procedures may lead to inflammatory infection in the oral cavity. Prevention measures also involve periodical replacement of mouthguards due to the growth of microorganisms on their surface, along with increasing porosity on use. Buying a new protective occlusal splint is also recommended in the event of an inflammatory lesion in the mouth, and after infection of the respiratory system. Aim of the study. To assess usage and hygiene maintenance of elastic mouthguards by athletes practicing various sports disciplines. Methods. A group of 1279 mouthguard users were surveyed, including questions about demographic background of participants, hygiene habits and storage of protective splints. Statistical analysis of the results was performed; the level of statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. Results. It was revealed that 5% of the interviewed athletes (60 individuals) do not cleanse their mouthguards. Most of the surveyed participants (85.5%) rinse the splint with water after wearing it. Only every fifth athlete replaces the mouthguard at regular intervals, regardless of its condition; half of the respondents do it when it is completely deformed, and one-third do it after loss of smoothness of its surface. About 20% of athletes have never replaced their protective occlusal splint. All results showed statistical significance. Conclusions. Athletes’ awareness of proper usage, storage and sanitization of mouthguards is not sufficient.
MUSEUMS,
MIGRATION AND
CULTURAL DIVERSITY
– RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR MUSEUM WORK
Authors: Sani Margherita
Published: May 2017

The role of museums in society has
expanded significantly in the last decades: from temples
of knowledge to forums for debate and discussion, from
repositories of objects to people-centred institutions with
social responsibilities and functions. This shift reflects an
ongoing trend to democratise museums and make them
more accessible to wider audiences and responsive to the
public’s changing needs, in particular the interests of local
communities, whose composition has changed in recent
years to include migrants and people of different ethnic
backgrounds.
With annual migration flows to the EU as a whole
projected to increase from about 1 043 000 people in 2010 to
1 332 500 by 2020, the question of how cultural institutions
can contribute to effective integration and dialogue has
become more relevant than ever. Funders and society at
large expect museums to play their part in facilitating the
integration and peaceful coexistence of newcomers, with
financial resources being made available, also at the EU
level, to support them in this effort. Many questions can be
raised as to whether it is right and appropriate to charge
museums with these responsibilities and whether this would
push the boundaries of their work too far and give the social
function an exceedingly prominent role over the traditional
conservation and educational tasks museums already fulfil.
But this discussion seems to be already obsolete in the light
of the growing body of evidence on good practices available
at the European level.
This essay aims to illustrate some of them, as well as
to discuss some underpinning theoretical issues and
methodological approaches.
THE EFFECTS OF AGE AND GENDER ON FINGER TAPPING SPEED IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Memisevic Haris , Mahmutovic Indira , Pasalic Arnela , Biscevic Inga  Ibralic
Published: May 2017

Background: The assessment of children’s motor control is very important in detecting potential motor deficits. The Finger Tapping Test (FTT) is a widely used test in various clinical and non-clinical populations. FTT is a neuropsychological test designed to measure motor control. Age and gender are significant pre - dictors of finger tapping speed in school-aged children. The goal of the present study was to determine the effects of age and gender on finger tapping speed in preschool children.
Material/Methods: The sample for this study included 111 preschool children, aged 3 to 6 years (mean age- 4.6; SD- 0.9), of both genders (59 boys, 52 girls). As a measure of finger tapping speed we used the Finger Tapping Test from the Psychology Experi -ment Building Language (PEBL).
Results: The results of this study found a significant effect of age on finger tapping speed. Contrary to the existing studies, there was no gender effect on the tapping speed in preschoolers. A one way analysis of variance showed that older children performed significantly better than younger children
Conclusions:There is a linear trend of improved performance on FTT with an increasing age. The child’s gender was not a significant predictor of FTT for preschool children. Motor control and speed can be improved through exercise.
The Oslo Accords
Authors: Tutu Desmond , Skarphéðinsson Össur
Published: May 2017

More than twenty years have passed since Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) concluded the Oslo Accords, or Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements for Palestine. It was declared “a political breakthrough of immense importance.” Israel officially accepted the PLO as the legitimate representative of the Palestinian people, and the PLO recognized the right of Israel to exist. Critical views were voiced at the time about how the self-government established under the leadership of Yasser Arafat created a Palestinian-administered Israeli occupation, rather than paving the way towards an independent Palestinian state with substantial economic funding from the international community. The years since the Oslo Accords are scrutinized from a wide range of perspectives in this book. The text asks: did the agreement have a reasonable chance of success? What went wrong, causing the treaty to derail and delay a real, workable solution? What are the recommendations today to show a way forward for the Israelis and the Palestinians?
Efeito do espaçamento e da adubação no crescimento de um clone de Eucalyptus saligna Smith.
Authors: Berger Rute , Schneider Paulo Renato , Finger César Augusto Guimarães , Haselein Clóvis Roberto
Published: May 2017

O efeito do espaçamento (3 x 2, 3 x 3 e 3 x 4 m) e da adubação (400 e 800 kg/ha) sobre o crescimento de um clone de Eucalyptus saligna Smith foi avaliado neste trabalho. O crescimento em diâmetro (DAP), altura e volume comercial sem casca por árvore foi estudado dos três aos dez anos de idade, sendo os dados ajustados pela função de Backman. Mediante de análise de covariância foi possível verificar que os tratamentos de mesmo espaçamento apresentaram tendências de crescimento estatisticamente iguais para todas as variáveis estudadas. O fator adubação não mostrou influência significativa para a maioria dos tratamentos das variáveis estudadas, em todo o período observado. O fator espaçamento teve influência marcante no crescimento em diâmetro e volume comercial sem casca por árvore. Para a variável altura, apenas as árvores pertencentes ao menor espaçamento mostraram tendência de diminuição do crescimento em altura média no tempo. A produção em volume comercial sem casca por hectare foi menor para os tratamentos que constituíam o maior espaçamento, sendo que, praticamente, não diferiu entre os dois menores.
Influência do sombreamento artificial e da adubação química na produção de mudas de Adenanthera pavonina L.
Authors: Fanti Silmara Cristina , Perez Sonia Cristina J. G. de A.
Published: May 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do sombreamento artificial e da adubação química na produção de mudas de Adenanthera pavonina L. O crescimento dessa espécie foi avaliado em mudas cultivadas em casa de vegetação sob 30 e 60% de sombreamento artificial, em solo de cerrado com e sem adição de NPK (4-14-8) com avaliações mensais a partir de 30 até 180 dias após a emergência (D.A.E.). A análise dos parâmetros biométricos e fisiológicos revelou que até 120 D.A.E. as condições edáficas e de luminosidade, sob as quais foram cultivadas as plantas de Adenanthera pavonina L., não interferiram significativamente no crescimento dessa espécie. Porém, partindo de 150 D.A.E., as melhores condições de cultivo foram o uso de solo de cerrado com adição de NPK e manutenção sob alta intensidade luminosa.
Influência de estimativas de produção de madeira em processos de regulação florestal utilizando programação linear.
Authors: Silva Gilson Fernandes da , Leite Helio Garcia , Soares Carlos Pedro Boechat , Silva Márcio Lopes da
Published: May 2017

Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo avaliar as conseqüências do uso de estimativas de produção oriundas de diferentes modelos de crescimento e produção em um modelo de Programação Linear aplicado à regulação florestal. Assim, utilizando dados de um inventário florestal contínuo, obtiveram-se diferentes estimativas da produção futura em volume, pelo ajuste de um modelo de produção em função da idade, outro em função da idade e do índice de local e por um terceiro modelo que incluiu, além da idade e do índice de local, a densidade, representada pela área basal por hectare. Testou-se também um modelo baseado nos dados de inventário florestal contínuo que utiliza os dados de volume de um período para fazer projeções lineares da produção para o período seguinte. Em seguida, um problema de regulação florestal simplificado foi idealizado e resolvido pelo modelo I por meio de Programação Linear, utilizando dados oriundos dos quatro modelos de predição do volume. Ao final, concluiu-se: a) que modelos de regulação florestal, alimentados por estimativas provenientes de diferentes modelos de produção, quando resolvidos por Programação Linear, resultam em diferentes maneiras de se conduzir a floresta; b) que a matriz de coeficientes tecnológicos, alimentada por diferentes dados de produção e para uma mesma função objetivo, afeta, de maneira significativa, o processo de tomada de decisão.
Estabelecimento de culturas assépticas de Aspidosperma polyneuron.
Authors: Ribas Luciana Lopes Fortes , Zanette Flávio , Kulchetscki Luiz , Guerra Miguel Pedro
Published: May 2017

O presente trabalho objetivou estabelecer um protocolo para obtenção de culturas assépticas de Aspidosperma polyneuron visando à regeneração in vitro de mudas dessa espécie. Brotações apicais de mudas de dois anos de idade foram coletadas em casa de vegetação e desinfestadas com hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) ou cloreto de mercúrio (HgCl2) visando ao estabelecimento de culturas assépticas. Os tratamentos testados com NaOCl foram: solução 0,125 ou 0,25%, durante cinco ou dez minutos e com HgCl2: 0,025; 0,05 ou 0,1%, durante cinco ou dez minutos e em todas as estações do ano. As avaliações das percentagens de necrose, contaminação fúngica, contaminação bacteriana e de sobrevivência foram feitas após três semanas. Os resultados revelaram que o tratamento com solução de NaOCl a 0,25%, durante 10 minutos, resultou em 70% de sobrevivência para brotações apicais, independente da época do ano (verão e outono). O HgCl2 foi mais eficiente que o NaOCl na desinfestação de brotações apicais de peroba-rosa, sendo recomendado o tratamento de 0,05% de HgCl2, durante 10 minutos (84,10% de sobrevivência). Em todas as estações do ano, foram estabelecidas culturas assépticas, contudo, os melhores resultados foram obtidos na primavera e verão.
Características da lenha produzida na região da quarta colônia de imigração italiana do Rio Grande do Sul.
Authors: Gatto Darci Alberto , Santini Elio José , Haselein Clovis Roberto , Durlo Miguel Antão
Published: May 2017

Este estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade da lenha produzida na Região da Quarta Colônia de Imigração Italiana no Rio Grande do Sul, levando-se em conta o fator de conversão de estéreo para m3, o teor de umidade, massa específica básica e o poder calorífico da madeira. O fator médio de conversão, importante para a estimativa do volume sólido, foi de 0,61 e 0,56 respectivamente para eucalipto e nativas. A massa específica básica encontrada para a lenha foi de 0,44 g/cm3 para eucalipto e 0,46 g/cm3 para nativas, classificando-as como madeiras levemente densas. O poder calorífico estimado para a umidade de equilíbrio média da região foi 1915 e 2002 Kwh/m3 respectivamente para a lenha de eucalipto e de nativas, mas em torno de 13,6% desse valor é perdido, porque a lenha é queimada com um teor de umidade médio de 32%. Esses resultados indicam a necessidade de maiores cuidados com o empilhamento e a secagem da lenha visando a diminuição da perda de energia com a queima de material úmido.
Aspectos da variação ambiental em uma floresta de galeria em Itutinga, MG, Brasil.
Authors: Berg Eduardo van den , Santos Flavio Antonio Maës dos
Published: May 2017

Foi caracterizada a heterogeneidade ambiental em uma área de floresta de galeria (7,55 ha), em Itutinga, MG, Brasil, pelas variações das propriedades químicas e físicas do solo, da topografia e da abertura de dossel. As propriedades do solo e a topografia foram estudadas em 28 parcelas de 10 x 30 m utilizadas em um levantamento da comunidade arbóreo-arbustiva da área. Para a abertura do dossel utilizaram-se duas transecções de 50 m de largura, compostas por parcelas contíguas de 10 x 10 m, cruzando a floresta de lado a lado, perpendicularmente ao curso d'água. Fotos hemisféricas foram tomadas sobre estacas alternadas das extremidades das parcelas. Os dados de solo e topografia foram analisados por meio de uma PCA (Análise dos Componentes Principais) e a abertura do dossel mediante gráficos de tendência e regressão linear. A variação mais importante em termos de solos e abertura do dossel se deu no sentido do distanciamento da borda da floresta e aproximação do curso d'água. Nesse sentido, a abertura do dossel diminuiu (b = -0,096; R2 = 0,34) e a umidade e acidez do solo aumentaram (Eixo 1 do PCA, autovalor = 9,713). Os maiores valores da abertura do dossel próximo à borda foram explicados pela entrada de luz lateral através da borda da floresta com o campo limpo circundante.
Potencial biotécnico do sarandi-branco (Phyllanthus sellowianus Müll. Arg.) e vime (Salix viminalis L.) para revegetação de margens de cursos de água.
Authors: Sutili Fabrício Jaques , Durlo Miguel Antão , Bressan Delmar Antonio
Published: May 2017

Mesmo com planejamento e trabalho cuidadoso no uso dos recursos naturais, em particular dos cursos de água, é inevitável que algumas áreas sejam modificadas negativamente, que partes de margens ou encostas percam sua estabilidade e que ocorram erosões e deslizamentos. Quando isso acontece é necessária a recomposição e a estabilização física das áreas atingidas. Algumas técnicas de natureza biológica, capazes de proporcionar soluções baratas e de fácil implementação já são conhecidas, restando que se investigue a disponibilidade e aplicabilidade de materiais construtivos de cada região, bem como o potencial biotécnico das espécies vegetais de ocorrência local. No presente trabalho, procurou-se investigar - em situação prática de campo - a capacidade de pega por estacas, de duas espécies abundantes em beiras de cursos de água: sarandi-branco (Phyllanthus sellowianus Müll. Arg.) e vime (Salix viminalis L.). O plantio experimental foi realizado em uma margem com problemas de corrosão, localizada no arroio Guarda-mor na região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram utilizadas estacas retiradas de diferentes porções do ramo (base, meio e ponta). Com uma verificação feita 60 dias após o plantio, pode-se concluir que as duas espécies se mostraram potencialmente aptas para a recomposição vegetativa de margens. Em média, o sarandi-branco mostrou um percentual de pega de 78%, que foi significativamente superior ao do vime (69%). Para as duas espécies, observou-se que quanto maior a proximidade com o nível da água e quanto maior o diâmetro das estacas, (base > meio > ponta), tanto maior foi o percentual de pega.
Características de frutos e germinação de sementes de seis espécies de Myrtaceae nativas do Rio Grande do Sul.
Authors: Santos Cristina Magalhães Ribas dos , Ferreira Alfredo Gui , Áquila Maria Estefânia Alves
Published: May 2017

A família Myrtaceae é muito bem representada na flora do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, região sul do Brasil. Frutos e sementes de seis espécies foram examinados quanto ao tamanho, cor, massa, teor de água. As espécies são: Acca sellowiana (Berg.) Burnet; Campomanesia guazumifolia (Camb.) Berg.; Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg.; Eugenia rostrifolia Legr.; Myrcianthes pungens (Berg.) Legr. e Psidium cattleyanum Sabine. Avaliou-se o comportamento germinativo das sementes, tendo sido usada como substrato areia de rio autoclavada umedecida com água destilada, colocada em caixas gerbox (11 x 11cm) nas temperaturas constantes de 15, 20, 25 ou 30°C ou na alternada de 15°C - 30°C, com 14 horas na temperatura mais alta. Os experimentos foram efetuados na presença e ausência de luz. Acca sellowiana, Myrcianthes pungens, Psidium cattleyanum mostraram sementes fotoblásticas positivas. Todas as espécies germinaram em noventa dias, exceto Campomanesia guazumifolia, que levou cerca de cento e cinqüenta dias. O conteúdo de água das sementes variou de 9% em Campomanesia guazumifolia até 68% em Myrcianthes pungens, ocorrendo sementes de intermediárias a recalcitrantes em relação à dessecação. Os embriões tipo eugenoide mostraram germinação criptocotiledonar, enquanto os embriões tipo mircióide e pimentóide apresentaram comportamento fanerocotiledonar.
Influência das características tecnológicas na cor da madeira de eucaliptos.
Authors: Mori Cláudia Lopes Selvati de Oliveira , Mori Fábio Akira , Lima José Tarcísio , Trugilho Paulo Fernando , Oliveira Adalberto Caldas
Published: May 2017

Devido à importância da cor da madeira como componente de descrição da mesma, é que se realizou um estudo procurando verificar a influência dos componentes químicos na cor da madeira de diferentes clones de eucaliptos. Foram verificadas as quantidades de lignina e polifenoís nas madeiras das mesmas, as dimensões das fibras e a sua massa específica. As medições colorimétricas foram efetuadas através de um espectrofotômetro Data Color 200d. Microflash. Verificou-se que, das características das madeiras estudadas, a quantidade de extrativos, basicamente polifenoís, tem alta correlação com a cor da madeira.
Incêndios florestais no parque nacional da Serra da Canastra: desafios para a conservação da biodiversidade.
Authors: Medeiros Marcelo Brilhante de , Fiedler Nilton Cezar
Published: May 2017

A ocorrência de grandes incêndios florestais em Unidades de Conservação no Brasil pode ser considerada uma grave ameaça para a conservação da biodiversidade e manutenção de processos ecológicos. A propensão ao fogo no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra (PNSC), localizado no sul de Minas Gerais, caracterizado pela predominância de vegetação de campos nativos, juntamente com uma cultura de centenas de anos de utilização incorreta de queimadas para manejo agropecuário na região, têm ocasionado incêndios de difícil controle. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as ocorrências de incêndios florestais no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra e fornecer subsídios para redução desses índices. Consideramos que esta avaliação deve ter a conservação da biodiversidade como elemento principal de discussão sobre a melhor forma de manejo de fogo para a Unidade de Conservação. A coleta de dados foi feita através da avaliação dos relatórios de ocorrência de incêndios florestais disponíveis na Unidade no período de 1987 a 2001 e visitas de campo. Os resultados mostraram que a maior parte das causas de incêndios no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra (50%) é de origem humana, apesar do grande número de incêndios causados por raios (44%). Entre as causas humanas, a maior parte é criminosa, originada por incendiários (47%). Há uma elevada concentração de incêndios causados por raios na estação chuvosa e transição seca-chuva e uma concentração de incêndios de causa humana durante a estação seca, principalmente entre junho e outubro. No entanto, os incêndios de raio normalmente queimam pequenas áreas (menores de 500 ha), enquanto que os de causa humana são mais catastróficos, atingindo áreas maiores. Para a redução dos incêndios florestais no interior do Parque, é fundamental o controle do fogo através de ações de prevenção, pouco disseminadas na região, principalmente através de educação ambiental e isolamento de combustíveis (aceiros).