bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rhetoric of Hope and Fear in Tocqueville’s Democracy
Authors: Goldhammer Arthur
Published: December 2021

“It is always a significant question to ask of any philosopher: what is he afraid of?” This query, which is Iris Murdoch’s, is a particularly good one to put to Tocqueville, who was afraid of many things, of which I will here examine three.
Lettre aux abonnés
Authors: Mélonio de Françoise
Published: December 2021

Avec ce numéro, The Tocqueville Review/La Revue Tocqueville renouvelle son comité de rédaction, dans la continuité avec l’équipe précédente. La participation active de la revue à l’organusation du biccentenaire de la naissance de Tocqueville, commémoration qui fut une pleine réussute en France comme aux États-Unis, a trouvé son abousissement dans le numéro soécial bicentenaire qui vous a été asressé l’année dernière.
Henry D. Thoreau’s Political Writing
Authors: Thiercy Hélène
Published: December 2021

The real facts of a poet’s life would be of more value to us than any work of his art. I mean that the very scheme and form of his poetry (so called) is adopted at a sacrifice of vital truth and energy. Thoreau about Shakespeare, October 27, 1857 (Journal, X, 131).
European Studies in the United States: Current Challenges and Prospects for the Future
Authors: Lamont Michèle
Published: December 2021

The future of European Studies in the United States is certainly dim, if one presumes that it will parallel the declining importance of “old, tired Europe” for the United States, and for American foreign policy more specifically.1 Alternatively, it could be viewed in a more positive light if one emphasizes the lasting legacy of the European enlightenment for the United States and for world culture, even while China and India are gaining in global importance.
Counting and Classifying by Race: The American Debate
Authors: Waters Mary C.
Published: December 2021

Americans are racially classified literally from the cradle to the grave. Their race is recorded on their birth certificate, when they enroll in school, when they apply for a passport, when they apply for jobs, for mortgaes, for university admittance, when they take part in medical experiments, when they are arrested for a crime, when they receive teatment at the hospital, and when they die.
La profession d’architecte à l’épreuve de l’égalitarisme contemporain
Authors: Raynaud Dominique
Published: December 2021

En France, les architectes constituent une profession libérale, réglementée par un code de déontologie et dont l’exercice est réservé aux seuls titulaires du diplôme d’architecte de l’État inscrits au tableau de l’Ordre. En dépit de ces protecttions, les architectes français sont confrontés depuis plusieurs décennies à une crise durable, face à laquella la plupart des explications socioéconomiques sont démunies.
D’une barricade à l’autre : Paris août 1944-Paris mai 1968
Authors: Burguiére André
Published: December 2021

Je ne suis pas un dévot de l’histoire mémorielle. Je reste marqué par le positivisme critique de mes bons maîtres (aussi bien ceux de l’histoire événementielle sorbonnarde que ceux de l’école des Annales) qui m’ont enseigné à me méfier de la subjectivité de la mémoire, de son instabilité et à donner la préférence aux sources directes, non retravaillées par la mémorisation. Cett méfiance me paraît particuliérement justifiée pour le passé récent ou ce qu’on nomme (fort improprement) l’histoire immédiate.
L’inquiétude individualiste. Narcisse ou le self américain
Authors: Ehrenberg Alain
Published: December 2021

America, under the jurisdiction of the Archais, or Spirit of Personality, produced autonomous modern individuals with all the giddiness and despair of the free, and infected with hundred diseases unknown during the long peasants epochs. Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, Penguin Books, 1996 [1975], p.292.
Les institutions sans but lucratif hier et aujourd’hui : comparaison France-Etats-Unis
Authors: Archambault Edith
Published: December 2021

« Partout où, à la tête d’une entreprise nouvelle, vous voyez en France le gouvernement et en Angleterre un grand seigneur, comptez que vous apercevez aux États-Unis une association », disait Tocqueville en 1840. Il est toujours intéressant 170 ans plus tard de comparer les Américains et les Français dans leur rapport à l’Etat et à l’initiative privée associative1. Certes, une véritable démocratie s’est instaurée en France depuis la Monarchie de Juillet. Les associations cependant si intimement mêlées à la démocratie, selon Tocqueville, ont été longues à se multiplier et à prendre de l’ampleur car elles ont été contrôlées et réprimées par les régimes autoritaires qui ont périodiquement mis entre parenthèses la République.
Le modèle de la commune rurale dans la pensée française (1840-1850): un trait du « génie slave » ?
Authors: Moreau Marion
Published: December 2021

« Comme une source d’eau vive tire ses parties composantes, ses propriétés et son goût des matières qu’elle traverse dans son cours, de même le caractère primitif d’une nation dérive de ses traits de famille, de son climat, de son genre de vie, de son éducation, de ses premiers efforts, de ses occupations habituelles1» : c’est en ces termes que Herder définit le caractère national au livre XII de ses Idées sur la philosophie de l’histoire de l’humanité.
« An Irishman cannot have wit ». Hume and the prejudice of national characters
Authors: Mazza Emilio
Published: December 2021

“In France and Italy no Body ever drinks pure Wine, except in the greatest Heats of Summer”, declares Hume in Of National Characters. Did he read it or drink it? The essay is published at the end of November 1748, when Hume is coming back from Turin. Agreeably to his own recommendations (“we should not comprehend every Individual under the same Character”) in 1753 he pours some water into his words: “few drink pure Wine.”
COLLECTIVE TRAUMA IN REFUGEE LITERATURE (BASED ON ALMANACS – 14 GIGABYTES AND HALLELUIAH)
Authors: Nino Mindiashvili  , Nana Kutsia
Published: December 2021

Theories of traumatic memory are uniquely topical in modern theoretical discourse, Collective trauma is a complex of psychological sensations, which is formed in witnesses or participants of tragic events, who have to deal with psychological stigma. Theoretical framework about the collective trauma is relevant to events that have taken place in Georgia, as the epochal tragedy has changed ethnic and cultural environment in Abkhazia and Tskhinvali Region. As the subject of research, we have defined the almanacs reflecting Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-Ossetian (provoked by the third force) conflicts: 14 Gigabytes and Halleluiah. Uniqueness of 14 Gigabytes is reasoned by the concept set by the editor (Nana Gaprindashvili) and the complier of the almanac (Tea Kalandia) – 14 narrators tell about the Abkhazian episode of Russian-Georgian war. Personal stories create the monumental canvas-reflection of the feelings of youth who have been deprived of childhood. Authors of the poetic almanac Halleluiah published in 2018, under the editorship of Mzia Khetaguri, are united under refugee stigma, pain caused by losing homes, trauma, which marks each of the texts like an unhealed wound. It must be emphasized that in none of the researched authors’ texts reflects hostility or aggression towards “conflicting sides” or even the main provoking power – Russia. The presented discourse allows us to confirm the research hypothesis: conflicts provoked by Russia have forced Georgian population of Abkhazia and Tskhinvali Region to leave their homes, to go through the horrors of war. Refugees have to deal with the stigma of being refugees and grave experience of collective trauma, which is creatively transformed, reflexed in the almanacs 14 Gigabytes and Halleluiah.
Aspirational Ethics as a Contributing Factor in Engineering Students’ Ethical Awareness and Behavior
Authors: Ahmad Zuraida , Mohamed Noor Noraini , Toha Siti Fauziah , Hasbullah Nurul Fadzlin , Sophian Ali , Mel Maizirwan
Published: December 2021

As ethical behavior is a part of engineers' professional identity and practice, developing ethical behavior skills in future engineers is a vital component of the engineering curriculum. There are already established instructional methods to teach engineering ethics (EE), however, it is concentrated on ethical awareness, and little attention has been given to how this will affect the ethical behavior. Even though students are capable of exercising ethical judgment, it does not mean that they are ethically literate or likely to act ethically. The assessment of engineering ethics cannot be conducted based on ethical judgment, because the ethical awareness of some engineers has not translated into ethical behavior. An alternative instructional method for measuring the ethical behavior is required to see how the ethical awareness given in the classroom setting is translated to the actual ethical behavior. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to propose an instructional method that correlates with both ethical awareness and ethical behavior, through aspirational ethics which require the students to contribute to the society. This method integrates the theory of morals and values, ethical and unethical conduct, code of practices of an engineer, ethics with the environment, and the responsibility of the engineer for the safety of everybody. Students’ ethical behavior in the society will be demonstrated through the University Social Responsibility (USR) projects. From these projects, the students’ ethical behavior is assessed by their peers, beneficiaries that they are serving, as well as by the educators, regarding their ethical conduct. This will be the tools to observe the degree of correlations between the ethical awareness instilled and behavior manifested. Applying these instructional methods will allow educators to build confidence and trust in their students' ability to build a professional identity and be prepared for the engineering profession and practice.
Sensitization of Online Users for Social Resilience: A Case-based Analysis of Learning Outcomes
Authors: Zeeshan Mahwish , Sultana Aneela
Published: December 2021

The article is based on the learning outcomes of a sensitization session held with students enrolled in eleven universities of the twin cities under a project titled Sensitization of Youth for Socially Resilient Communities in the Digitalizing World. The objectives were to sensitize youth for safe digital behaviour, spread the message of respecting human values, personal space, and privacy in digital communication, communicate the harassment policy concerns, and promote the emerging normative order for respecting cultural diversity and harmony for self-actualization behavioural change. Around 500 students directly participated in online and in-person sessions. The findings are based on the post-session assessment results recorded from 374 responses. The project outcome reflects a better understanding of the notion of privacy, personal space, cyber-bullying, cyber-crimes, online sexual assaults, types & legislation against harassment through a US-Pakistan diplomatic soft intervention and initiative for Pakistani youth.
Modeling and Predicting Commuters' Travel Mode Choice in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Tariq Fariha , Shakeel Nabeel
Published: December 2021

The travel mode preference exists in both culture and theenvironment. The wide scale of people's mobility makesour cities more polluted and congested, eventually affecting urban assets.Understanding people’s mode choice is important to develop urbantransportation planning policies effectively. This study aims to model andpredict the commuter’s mode choice behaviour in Lahore, Pakistan. A surveywas conducted, and the data was used for model validation. Thecomparative study was further done among multinomial logit model (MNL),Random Forest (RF), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classificationapproaches. It’s common in existing studies that vehicle ownership is rankedas the most important among all features impacting commuters’ travel modechoice. Since many commuters in Lahore own no vehicle, it’s unclear whatthe rank of factors impacting non-vehicle owners is. Other than thecomparison of predicting the performance of the methods, our contributionis to do more analysis of the rank of factors impacting the different types ofcommuters. It was observed that occupation is ranked as the most importantamong all features for non-vehicle owners.
Review on Materials Used for Enhancing the Efficiency of Solar Cells
Authors: Dhawan Anil , Naqvi S Faheem
Published: December 2021

Global resources are limited and mindless use of them will finally lead to a scarcity. The need of the hour is to find the alternative energy resources which are abundant in nature and which deviate us from using fossils fuels. Solar Energy has gained a significant popularity in the past few decades as it is clean, meaning it does not release greenhouse gases and other harmful pollutants. It is also an abundant source of energy as it is available till the existence of the planet. Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and cannot be replenished for thousands of years. Another drawback of fossil fuels is that they emit greenhouse gases and contribute to global climate change. Solar energy is an important technology for many reasons and has become a popular topic as many scientists around the world are working to increase the photo-electron conversion efficiency with minimum production cost. Diversified approaches have been undertaken to enhance the efficiency of solar cell. This paper will review the current state of art on photovoltaic cells (PVCs) in context to the materials used for fabrication, their possible cost and their working efficiency. This paper will also undertake the challenges that came across during the whole process and their possible solutions.
Prosedur Pembelajaran PAI Berbasis E- LearningPada Masa Pandemi Covid – 19
Authors: Febriza Azizah , Fadriati Fadriati
Published: December 2021

Pandemi Covid-19 yang melanda Indonesia dan berdampak pada duniamembuat kementrian Pendidikan dan kebudayaan dan kementrian AgamaRepublik Indonesia menerapkan kebijakan belajar dan bekerja dari rumah (Workfrom home). Tujuan yang hendak di capai dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) perencanaan pembelajaran PAI berbasis  e-learningsaat pendemi covid-19, (2) pelaksanaan pembelajaran PAI berbasis e-learningsaat pendemi covid-19, (3) evaluasi pembelajaran PAI berbasis e-learningsaat pendemi covid-19 di SMPN 1 Pariangan .4) Untuk Mengetahui Pembelajaran PAI berbasis e-learningpada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di SMPN 1 Pariangan Tahun 2020/2021. 5) Untuk Mengetahui Strategi Guru dalam Pembelajaran PAI berbasis e-learningpada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di SMPN 1 Pariangan Tahun 2020/2021. 6) Untuk Mengetahui Problematika dalam Pembelajaran PAI berbasis  e-learningpada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Tahun 2020/2021.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan melakukan wawancara, dokumentasi, dan observasi. Informan penelitiannya sendiri berjumlah 88 orang: guru mata pelajaran PAI, dan 87 siswa kelas VII. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Implementasi Pembelajaran ELearning pada saat pandemi Covid-19 di SMPN 1 Pariangan   sudah mampu mengimplementasikan pembelajaran Elearning dengan baik. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan melakukan 3 tahapan: tahap pelaksanaan, tahap pelaksanaan dan tahapan evaluasi. Namun, terdapat beberapa kendala seperti belum maksimalnya sumber daya manusia dalam pembelajaran Elearning dan kuota internet yang terbatas bagi peserta didik.
Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Islam Dalam Syair-Syair Lagu Religi Wali Band
Authors: Lia Yola Rahma
Published: December 2021

Pendidikan Islam adalah usaha yang dilakukan untuk mengembangkan seluruh potensi manusia baik lahir maupun batin agar terbentuknya pribadi muslim seutuhnya. Pendidikan Islam tidak dapat diajarkan dan dipahami hanya dalam bentuk pengetahuan saja, tetapi perlu adanya pembiasaan dalam perilaku sehari-hari. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh permasalahan yang ditemukan yaitu banyak syair lagu yang dipopulerkan yang tidak mengandung nilai pendidikan Islam, masih banyak manusia yang tidak mengambil pelajaran dibalik setiap lirik lagu yang didengarkan, dan terjadinya pola kehidupan yang jauh dari nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam yang merusak aqidah, ibadah, dan akhlak. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam yang terdapat dalam syair lagu religi Wali Band. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Adapun sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer berupa teks syair lagu album Ingat Sholawat dan sekunder yaitu buku-buku, artikel, serta literature terkait dengan penelitian ini. Teknik pengumpulan datanya adalah dokumentasi, dan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis isi.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang penulis lakukan, nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam yang ditemukan dalam syair lagu religi Wali Band pada Album Ingat Sholawat yaitu nilai pendidikan aqidah meliputi iman kepada Allah, Rasul, dan hari akhir. Nilai pendidikan Ibadah meliputi berdoa, sholat, dan zikir. Nilai pendidikan akhlak yang terdiri dari akhlak kepada Allah, akhlak kepada Rasulullah,  dan akhlak kepada sesama manusia. Dari permasalahan yang ada peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti apa saja dan bagaimana nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam yang terdapat dalam syair-syair lagu religi Wali Band pada Album Ingat Sholawat serta relevansinya terhadap pendidikan agama Islam.
Parent's Participation in Improving the Quality of Education in Elementary Schools
Authors: Aulia Mifta , Amra Abhanda
Published: December 2021

Parents’ low participation in improving the quality of education is an interesting topic of study. This research aims to obtain data on parents’ participation in improving the quality of infrastructure and learning process in elementary schools. This research used a qualitative descriptive approach. Sources of data were the principal, teachers, and parents. Data collection techniques were observation, interviews, and documentation. Based on the research findings, it can be discussed that parents already participated in improving educational infrastructure but not maximized. They donate funds and energy for school construction. While, in learning process, parents contribute to guide, to motivate, to supervise the children, and to facilitate all their needs in learning. Problems faced by parents in improving the quality of learning are lack of time in supervising the children to learn due to busy work and also the low level of parents’ education and income (education and economic factors).
Marketing Strategy for Education Services in Integrated Islamic-Based Junior High Schools
Authors: Afriwanti Desi , Pasrizal Himyar
Published: December 2021

The study aims to describe the strategy and marketing mix of education services in Integrated Islamic Junior High School (SMP-IT). The researcher used qualitative research to describe the data descriptively. Data collection techniques were observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicated that: 1) the marketing strategy in SMP-IT is to strengthen the IT and Public Relations (Humas) team in the school. 2) The marketing strategy of education services in SMP-IT is by implementing a marketing mix of products, prices, places, promotions, human resources, physical evidence and processes. The superior marketed products are tahfiz programs, language programs, Birrul Walidain and academic extracurriculars, as well as providing scholarship for excellent students. Promotion strategies are carried out through Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, websites, and newspapers..
Perancangan Pembangkit Listrik Alternatif Dengan Memanfaatkan Flywheel Sebagai Penyimpan Energi Berdaya 1000 Watt
Authors: Ruslim Ruslim , Herianto Wiwing , Santoso Hadi
Published: December 2021

Peningkatan kebutuhan energi listrik dipengaruhi oleh pertambahan jumlah penduduk. Peningkatan tersebut tidak diimbangi dengan ketersediaan energi listrik terutama di beberapa daerah terpencil yang ada di Kalimantan Utara. Pembangkit listrik yang berbasis free energi menjadi solusi alternatif dalam mencukupi ketersediaan energi listrik. Free energi merupakan metode pemanfaatan energi tanpa menggunakan bahan bakar. Salah satu free energi yang dikembangkan adalah flywheel generator. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang sistem pembangkit listrik dengan pemanfaatan flywheel sebagai penyimpan energi serta menghitung dan menganalisis daya flywheel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa telah dilakukan perancangan pembangkit listrik dengan pemanfaatan flywheel sebagai penyimpan energi dengan daya flywheel sebesar 1.185 watt, dimana dengan penggunaan flywheel pada pembangkit listrik yang menggunakan bantuan motor, maka energi yangÂ  diserap motor penggerak tersebut sebesar 1333 watt.
Optimalisasi Kinerja Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro Desa Pallawa Kabupaten Bone Dengan Penambahan Spillway Gate dan Trash Rack
Authors: Anshar Muhammad , Yunus Muh. Yusuf , Adwianto Muh Irsandi , Langi Felnitha Allo
Published: December 2021

Optimalisasi suatu sistem diperluan untuk memperbesar kemampuan suatu sistem, seperti sistem pada PLTMH. PLTMH merupakan salah upaya untuk mewujudkan ketahanan energy nasional dan menurunkan tingkat emisi karbondioksida (CO2), pemanfaatan sumber energy terbarukan untuk kepentingan ketenagalistrikan harus diutamankan. Salah satu sumber energy terbarukan yang dapat dimanfaatkan yaitu energy air yang dapat dijadikan PLTMH. Politeknik membangun pembangkit Mikrohidro dengan kapasitas 10 kW di desa Pallawa untuk memberikan pelayanan listrik bagi masyarakat. Namun dalam operasionalnya terdapat berbagai kendala seperti daya output yang masih sangat minim. Ketidak stabilan daya output yang dihasilkan dikarenakan pemasangan trash rack yang masih sederhana sehingga masih ada sampah-sampah yang berasal dari sungai masuk ke penstock yang mempengaruhi putaran turbin dan berpotensi merusak turbin. Selain trash rack yang masih sangat sederhana, pada saluran pelimpah yang digunakan untuk menahan air hanya papan yang seharusnya menggunakan spillway gate. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan kinerja pembangkit listrik tenaga mikrohidro dengan pemasangan trash rack atau saringan sampah dan pembuatan spillway gate atau saluran pelimpah. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengambilan data sebelum dan sesudah pemasangan trash rack dan spillway gate. Setelah itu dilakukan analisa untuk mengetahui debit, head, daya output dan efisiensi sistem. Hasil penelitian didapatkan sebelum pemasangan trash rack dan spillway gate debit sebesar 0,400 m3/s, head sebesar 3,90 m, daya output sebesar 5.845,32 watt â€“ 7.153,08 watt, dan efisiensi sistem sebesar 38,20 % - 46,741 %, sedangkan sesudah pemasangan trash rack dan spillway gate sebesar 0,412 m3/s, head sebesar 4,18 m, daya output sebesar 6.467,04 watt â€“ 8.084,56 watt dan efisiensi sistem sebesar 39,43 % - 49,29 %.
Rancang Bangun Mesin Pengolah Jagung Untuk Pakan Ternak
Authors: Mansur Taufik Kurniawan , Zultan Muh , Hanasia Hanasia , Salam Abdul , Sonda Luther
Published: December 2021

Bermula dari masyarakat yang mengolah jagung secara tradisional yang sangat kesulitan dalam pengolahannya sebagai pakan ternak, selain itu ada beberapa bagian jagung yang masih menjadi limbah, masalah ini dapat diatasi dengan menggunakan alat pengolah jagung serbaguna sebagai solusinya. Pembuatan alat ini dilakukan untuk mempermudah dan mempercepat pengolahan pada jagung dengan memanfaatkan seluruh bagian dari jagung tersebut mulai dari batang dan bonggol untuk pakan sapi serta biji jagung untuk pakan ayam,sehubungan dengan itu metode yang digunakan ialah proses perancangan, perakitan, dan pembuatan, kemudian di lanjutkan ke proses pengujian dengan menguji bahan-bahan berdasarkan 3 jenis putaran mesin, kapasitas (menit) untuk memperoleh kondisi optimal dari hasil kinerja alat yang telah dibuat. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian maka dapat diperoleh persentase pengolahan yaitu pada biji jagungÂ  sebesar 80% {âˆ…3 mm (1kg/4 menit), âˆ…6 mm (1kg/8 menit)}, bonggol jagung 50% (1kg/8menit), batang jagung/rumput 80% (1kg/menit)
Redesain Dan Fabrikasi Gripper Arm 2-Finger Menggunakan Additive Manufacturing
Authors: M Muas , Sultan Ahmad Zubair , Hasrat Hasrat , Fantry Fantry
Published: December 2021

Gripper arm 2-finger merupakan bagian dari manipulator atau lengan robot yang memiliki 2 jari untuk mengambil objek benda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan model dari gripper arm 2-finger dengan memaksimalkan kekuatan serta meminimalkan berat model. Gripper arm dicetak menggunakan mesin 3D printing. Pencetakan gripper arm dibagi menjadi model 1 dan model 2Â Â  (model alternative). Pencetakan model dilaksanakan pada infill 60%, 80%,100% dengan sudut arah cetakÂ Â  45Â°, 113Â°, 180Â° dan material digunakan adalah PLA+ yang mempunyai nilai kekuatan tarik 65 Mpa. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan kekuatan tertinggi terjadi pada gripper arm model 2 sebesar 140 N pada pembebananÂ  horizontal dan 400N pada pembebanan vertikal. Kekuatan terbesar pada model 2, dikombinasikan terhadap pencetakan infill 100% dan arah sudut cetak 45Â°(vertical) dan pada kombinasi pencetakan infill 80% dan arah sudut cetak 113Â° (horizontal). Kerapatan infill serta arah pencetakan pada mesin 3D printing berpengaruh pada kekuatan gripper arm yang dicetak.
Correlation of Stress Levels and the Incidence of Pityriasis Sicca in Final Year Students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara Class of 2017
Authors: Marlina  , Sinaga Riana Miranda
Published: December 2021

Background: Pityriasis sicca is a non-inflammatory skin disorder. The symptoms such as white or gray scales that accumulate on the surface of the scalp or in a localized place, peels easily and usually with itching. There are three main factors that cause Pityriasis sicca. Stress stimulates the body to increase sebum production in the sebaceous glands. Objective: To know the correlation between stress levels and incidence of Pityriasis sicca in the final year students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara class of 2017. Methods: This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design, started from  July 2020 until October 2020. Sampling was carried out using a total sampling technique. The data were obtained using univariate and bivariate statistical analysis. Results: Univariate analysis showed 102 respondents were at a normal stress level (40.3%) and there were 105 respondents (41.5%) who suffered from Pityriasis sicca, total samples were 253 respondents. From the bivariate analysis, it was found that there is a significant correlation between stress levels and the incidence of Pityriasis sicca. Conclusion: There is correlation between stress levels and the incidence of Pityriasis sicca in class 2017 students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Correlation of Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (CIN) in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
Authors: Steven Winardi  , Sitepu Andika
Published: December 2021

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a series of clinical disorders caused by acute ischemic heart disease. The clinical spectrum of ACS is unstable angina pectoris (UAP), non  ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Inflammation occurs from the early stages of atheroma formation to plaque rupture and thrombosis. Thrombocytosis and lymphopenia are associated with the degree of systemic inflammation and the platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a new marker involving both hematological indices. ST segment elevation myocardial infarction is a type of acute myocardial infarction with high mortality. Management of STEMI patients is carried out with reperfusion therapy consisting of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and fibrinolytics. Contrast-induced nephropathy is a serious complication of angiograph procedures that results from administration of contrast media.
Насіннєва продуктивність та параметри адаптивності сортів гороху посівного залежно від інокулянтів та систем захисту рослин
Authors: Вожегова Р. А. , Сорокунський С. С.
Published: December 2021

Мета – встановити вплив агротехнологічних факто-рів та погодних умов в окремі роки досліджень на вро-жайність насіння та параметри адаптивності культури завирощування на неполивних землях Південного СтепуУкраїни. Методи. Польовий, статистичний. Результати.Встановлено, що біологічного захисту відбулося зниженнянасіннєвої продуктивності сортів гороху на 7,4%, протецей варіант також на 22,3% вище контролю з обробкоюводою. За результатами математичної обробки одержа-них у польовому досліді даних визначено, що на врожай-ність досліджуваної культури найбільше впливає захистрослин (42,8%) та сортовий склад (34,3%). Взаємодіяфакторів на даний показник впливала слабко, а залиш-кове значення, навпаки, підвищились до 9,3%, що свід-чить про істотний вплив погодних умов на продуктивністьрослин. Адаптивним аналізом доведено, що стресостій-кість найбільшого рівня досягнула у сорту Оплот (-0,25),а генетична гнучкість максимальної величини (2,16) сяг-нула за вирощування насіння сорту Царевич. Висновки.У польових дослідах визначено, що максимальну вро-жайність насіння забезпечують сорти гороху посівногоЦаревич (2,19 т/га) та Дарунок Степу (2,08 т/га), а на іншихсортах цей показник зменшився на 5,3-28,8%. Інокуляціянасіння при сприяла зростанню врожайності на 3,3-6,9%,а найбільша ефективність бактеріальних біопрепаратівпроявилась на сорті Царевич – до 30,5%. Хімічний захистрослин мав найбільший позитивний вплив на величинуврожайності насіння з її зростанням на 38,2% порівняноз контролем. Показник гомеостатичності підвищився до66,7 і 68,8 у варіантах з сортами Оплот та Царевич. Цейпоказник зменшився на 39,5-43,9% (до 47,8) за вирощу-вання насіння гороху сорту Світ. Максимальна величинапоказника селекційної цінності проявилася за вирощу-вання насіння сортів Царевич (1,87) та Дарунок Степу(1,78). Мінливість показників врожайності насіння горохупосівного знаходилось на середньому рівні. Визначено тенденцію зниження варіювання у сортів Царевич(10,4%) і Оплот (14,9%) та, навпаки, зростання цьогопоказника до 17,3%, у варіанті з сортом Дарунок Степу.
Exploring Digital Technology Framework: Through the Lenses of a Qualitative Study
Authors: Zainal Saiful Izwan , Saimin Rahimah
Published: December 2021

The need for technologically inclined teachers has emerged as society has become more and more digitized, emphasizing the need for new methods when it comes to incorporating technology into education. Teacher educators have a dual obligation in this regard; they should not only be able to use technology for their own teaching but should also contribute to the growth of the technical digital competence of teachers. The primary goal of this study is to investigate the nature of cognitions of Malaysian teachers regarding (using) digital technology (DT) in English as a Second Language (ESL) literacy instruction. The research employs an exploratory case study approach, focusing on three teachers in Malaysia in a rural setting. The teachers were observed and interviewed, and the findings indicate that while these educators believe in DT's ability to enhance teaching, they are skeptical about the adoption of the use of technology. The results suggest that teaching experience generates knowledge of teaching strategies and shapes the teaching practices of teachers.
 
Keperluan untuk guru yang cenderung teknologi telah muncul ketika masyarakat menjadi semakin ‘digital’, menekankan perlunya kaedah baru ketika mengintegasikan teknologi ke dalam pendidikan. Pendidik guru mempunyai kewajiban tambahan dalam hal ini; mereka bukan sahaja perlu menggunakan teknologi untuk pengajaran mereka sendiri, tetapi juga harus menyumbang kepada pertumbuhan kecekapan digital teknikal guru pelatih. Matlamat utama kajian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki sifat kognisi guru Malaysia mengenai (dan penggunaan) teknologi digital (DT) dalam subjek Bahasa Inggeris sebagai Bahasa Kedua (ESL). Penyelidikan ini menggunakan pendekatan kajian kes eksploratori, dengan memberi tumpuan kepada tiga orang guru di Malaysia di beberapa sekolah luar bandar. Para guru dicerap dan diwawancara, dan penemuan menunjukkan bahawa walaupun para pendidik ini percaya pada kemampuan DT untuk meningkatkan pengajaran, namun mereka skeptikal tentang penerapan penggunaan teknologi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahawa pengalaman mengajar menambahkan pengetahuan mengenai strategi pengajaran dan membentuk amalan pengajaran guru.
The Relationship between Mental Health with the Level of Empathy Among Medical Students in Southern Thailand: A University-Based Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Sathaporn Katti , Pitanupong Jarurin
Published: December 2021

Objective: To determine the level of and factors associated with empathy among medical students.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed all first- to sixth-year medical students at the Facultyof Medicines, Prince of Songkla University, at the end of the 2020 academic year. The questionnaires consisted of:1) The personal and demographic information questionnaire, 2) The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire, and 3) ThaiMental Health Indicator-15. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and factors associated with empathylevel were assessed via chi-square and logistic regression analyses.Results: There were 1010 participants with response rate of 94%. Most of them were female (59%). More than half(54.9%) reported a high level of empathy. There was a statistically significant difference in empathy levels betweenpre-clinical and clinical medical students; in regards to empathy subgroups (P-value < 0.001). The assessment ofemotional states in others by demonstrating appropriate sensitivity behavior, altruism, and empathic respondingscores among the pre-clinical group were higher than those of the clinical group. Multivariate analysis indicatedthat female gender, pre-clinical training level, and minor specialty preference were factors associated with empathylevel. The protective factor that significantly improved the level of empathy was having fair to good mental health.Conclusion: More than half of the surveyed medical students reported a high level of empathy. The protective factorthat improved the level of empathy was good mental health. However, future qualitative methods, longitudinalsurveillance, or long-term follow-up designs are required to ensure the trustworthiness of these findings.
Soome-ugri välitööd ja muuseumikogud: sissevaateid uurimislukku
Authors: Koosa Piret , Karm Svetlana
Published: December 2021

Introduction
Enfrentamento da obesidade na Atenção Básica à Saúde no âmbito da Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição: reflexões com base na construção de um modelo lógico
Authors: Beserra Jéssica Batista , Carvalho Layonne de Sousa , Cardoso Tauani Zampieri , Cardoso Osmar de Oliveira , Santos Marize Melo dos
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo teve como objetivo construir um modelo lógico do enfrentamento da obesidade na Atenção Básica à Saúde com base em diretrizes da Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição e, a partir dele, identificar na literatura potencialidades e desafios no manejo dessa doença na prática. O modelo lógico foi construído após uma leitura crítica da Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição para identificar atividades voltadas especificamente para o enfrentamento da obesidade, bem como projetar os seus possíveis efeitos. Após a construção do modelo lógico realizou-se a análise de trabalhos identificados por meio de revisão da literatura nas bases de dado SciELO, BVS e LILACS, além de pesquisa documental, a fim de identificar as potencialidades e os desafios dessas estratégias quando avaliadas na prática. A esquematização de atividades incentivadas pela Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição no modelo lógico mostrou que essas ações podem ser aliadas importantes para a redução dos impactos da obesidade. No entanto, foi identificado na literatura que as atividades indicadas no modelo, Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional, Educação Permanente em Saúde, matriciamento e clínica ampliada, e criação de ambientes saudáveis, não são praticadas de forma satisfatória, dentre outros fatores, devido à formação deficiente dos profissionais e número reduzido dos mesmos, além da falta de financiamento e incentivo por parte do governo. De forma geral, mais estudos são necessários para avaliar as ações realizadas na Atenção Básica à Saúde especificamente para o enfrentamento da obesidade.
Controle de qualidade de comprimidos efervescentes de vitamina C comercializados no município de Manaus - AM
Authors: Melo Nadia Gomes Mendes , Maia Alexandra Galvão , Dantas Larissa Oliveira , Souza Ruth Pimentel de , Penafort Lucilane Maria , Souza Gabriel Oliveira de
Published: December 2021

Os comprimidos efervescentes de vitamina C tem sido a forma farmacêutica mais utilizada nos últimos tempos devido sua forma farmacêutica efervescente. Além do fato dos estudos apontarem suas propriedades no combate a radicais livres bem como fortalecimento do sistema imunológico. Pensando nisso, esse artigo teve como objetivo analisar 5 amostras de comprimidos efervescentes de vitamina C, a fim de verificar se os mesmos seguem os padrões de qualidades exigidas pelos órgãos responsáveis. Os parâmetros seguiram metodologia padronizada pela monografia da substância de acordo com a Farmacopeia Brasileira, 6º edição, sendo determinação físico-química do pH, de friabilidade, peso médio e o Teor de acidez usando o método Balentine por titulação. As análises foram realizadas em triplicata para maior confiabilidade dos resultados. Verificou-se após análise dos dados que a amostra A não atendeu aos parâmetros básicos preconizados pela legislação, sendo reprovada no teste de friabilidade. Após as análises, concluiu-se que as amostras obtiveram resultados satisfatórios com exceção da amostra A que foi reprovada no teste de friabilidade, peso médio e o mais importante no teste de doseamento, onde não alcançou os 90% mínimos exigidos pela monografia. As demais amostras atenderam aos critérios preconizados. Trabalhos de controle de qualidade fornecem uma ferramenta muito importante em relação a qualidade dos produtos consumidos, protegendo o consumidor e ajudando no aperfeiçoamento dos controles de qualidades dos produtos no mercado.
Psychological Aspects of Diabetes
Authors: Bhat Naseer Ahmad , Muliyala Krishna Prasad , Chaturvedi Santosh Kumar
Published: December 2021

Diabetes is fundamentally a chronic metabolic disorder, yet it has established psychological connections and consequences. The present article offers an overview of some of the established findings with respect to the psychological aspects of diabetes among adults and adolescents. This narrative review describes the psychological impact of diabetes and the manner in which psychological functioning of the individual affects the development, management, and outcome of diabetes. Diabetes can lead to a great deal of distress, common mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders, and can increase the risk of suicide. It also affects cognitive functioning across multiple domains such as attention, concentration, memory, executive function, and information processing speed. Diabetes is a burdensome life condition that significantly reduces quality of life. Personality characteristics can have both positive and negative impacts on self-management of diabetes, and some personality profiles, especially the distressed/Type D personality, are indicative of poor prognosis and greater chances of developing medical complications. Psychological interventions such as cognitive behaviour therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, behavioural activation, and counselling strategies such as educational programmes, problem solving training, and motivational interviewing have proven very effective in coping with diabetes distress, managing comorbid mental health problems, and increasing adherence to self-care and antidiabetic behaviours. Additionally, yogic practices have also shown promising results for self-management of diabetes. Paediatric diabetes especially presents unique psychosocial challenges to patient management and affects academic performance of children and career choices of affected individuals.
Trace Elements and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study from Jamaica
Authors: Fevrier-Paul Adwalia , Soyibo Adedamola , De Silva Nimal , Mitchell Sylvia , McGrowder Donovan , Voutchkov Mitko
Published: December 2021

Background: Several environmental studies have reported that low-level exposure to nephrotoxic elements increases the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In developing countries, finite resources can limit epidemiological studies and environmental risk assessment; however, the unique soil profile in Jamaica has raised some concerns for the potential exposure to populations who are of high risk.

Method: This study investigated the potential for using trace element profiling in CKD, by analysing blood concentration levels of vanadium, chromium, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, selenium, strontium (Sr), arsenic, barium, cadmium, mercury, and lead. Trace element analysis was conducted using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Results: One hundred and fifty-eight individuals were included and were predominantly of African descent (98%) and their ages ranged from 21 to 90 years old. Three main correlation clusters were evident: firstly, vanadium, chromium, copper, silicon, and selenium, with mercury and barium more distantly related; secondly, lead, arsenic, nickel, and Sr; and thirdly, iron and zinc. Cadmium was an outlier. Blood Sr was strongly associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = -0.83; p<0.001) and strong linear progression models (r2=0.96; p<0.001). Algorithmic models placed Sr as the highest-ranking trace element biomarker (area under the curve: 95.6%; p<0.001).

Discussion: The decline in kidney function may result in the retention of non-essential trace elements. Strong corresponding trends between kidney function and blood Sr concentration indicate biomarker potential for a trace element with a unique profile in patients with CKD. Other significant relationships may also be unveiled as CKD biomarkers as trace element profiling is explored in the region.
The Mini Schengen Initiative in the Western Balkans as a New Buffer Zone
Authors: KARAKOÇ DORA Zuhal , BOTİC Jurica
Published: December 2021

This article deals with the significance of the Mini Schengen Initiative in shaping the new geopolitical configuration of the Western Balkans. In theoretical terms, the article discusses the changing meaning of borders in the contemporary world and buffer zones as a subject of research in political geography and geopolitics. In methodological terms, the authors provide an overview of the political-territorial development of the Western Balkans and then implement the theoretical approaches of contemporary political geography and geopolitics in the perspectives of the Western Balkans and its de facto status. Furthermore, analysing media reports related to the Mini Schengen Initiative, the article correlates the mentioned theoretical approaches with the trends in the political geography of the Western Balkans encouraged by the Initiative. Finally, the authors conclude that the Mini Schengen Initiative does not have a strong integration capacity; instead, serves as a waiting room for European Union membership thus shaping the Western Balkans as a new buffer zone.
Mulheres na Guerra:
Authors: Da Silva Tenorio Thaís
Published: December 2021

Recebida: 13/03/2019

Aprovada: 30/08/2019
SaraGuVRA : PEMETAAN VISUAL REALITI MAYA 360° SECARA KREATIF MENERUSI TEKNOLOGI DIGITAL
Authors: AYOB ANUAR , Mohd Jainal Aslina
Published: December 2021

Artikel ini khususnya mengetengahkan kebolehgunaan visual realiti maya 360 darjah (360°) yang dihasilkan melalui pemetaan visual secara kreatif menerusi teknologi digital, yang dapat memudahkan urusan navigasi atau merasai pengalaman penerokaan lokasi pelancongan secara maya oleh pengguna dalam kehidupan masa kini. Penyelidikan ini mengkaji keupayaan teknologi digital yang berupaya   mengubah elemen fotografi, videografi dan grafik menjadi data serta visual secara kreatif melalui eksplorasi pemetaan lokasi yang dijalankan di Taman Negara Bako dan Teluk Melano, Sarawak. Teknologi digital melalui kaedah pemetaan yang menjana visual kreatif menerusi sentuhan elemen interaktiviti dalam memaparkan lokasi maya dapat mewujudkan gambaran kehadiran dan beradaan secara nyata pengguna di persekitaran yang belum dilawati secara fizikal. Hasil dari eksplorasi visual kreatif menggunakan pelantar teknologi digital, model percubaan pemetaan visual reality maya 360° dengan nama SaraGuVRA (Sarawak Guided Virtual Reality Assistant) telah diterjemahkan bagi dirujuk oleh penyelidik untuk tujuan navigasi reality maya secara digital pengguna dalam maklumat awal berkaitan dengan lokasi yang ingin dituju menerusi pemetaan visual reality maya 360° secara kreatif yang dapat digunakan untuk tujuan pelancongan oleh mereka jika hasil penyelidikan iaitu navigasi ini berjaya direalisasikan.
THE UNIQUENESS OF THE MOTIF DESIGN IN THE COMMUNITY OF UMA UKIT BELAGA, SARAWAK
Authors: Rosli Nurul Hayati , Anak Tugang Noria , Binti Mohd Safar Nur Wafika Izzatie , A/P Bahari Umidie
Published: December 2021

This article discusses the Uma Ukit Koyan community's unique motifs as well as the function of motifs using a qualitative method approach by conducting online interviews with residents of the Uma Ukit Koyan in Belaga, Sarawak. Based on the findings, it was found the motifs of Uma Ukit are inspired by natural elements of flora and fauna, as well as beliefs passed down through generations. Their motifs were known as hudok, such as hudok sengiro, hudok Asok/asu, hudok pusung tubak, and hudok lino/kelunan. These motifs can be found most prominently in bukui (traditional women's jewelry), singau (traditional hats), and avet (traditional carrying bag for baby). Most of the hudok created for royal descent even motifs hudok senggiro that created at avet is for babies of royal descent. The Community is also known by Ruai and has been called "Weihago" and "Letikan" which is created from rattan. One of the walls at Uma Ukit is inspired by the Sarawak vase. Finally, the motifs that inspired the Uma Ukit community were heavily influenced by aspects of their culture and life. This research is also very important in preserving the heritage so that it can be inherited by the next generation, as well as indirectly highlighting art in the world that is not limited to the Sarawak community.