bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an image biosensor based on an optogenetically engineered cell for visual prostheses
Authors: Li Gongxin , Wang Feifei , Yang Wenguang , Yang Jia , Wang Yuechao , Wang Wenxue , Liu Lianqing
Published: June 2019

An image biosensor is built by an optogenetically engineered cell and used to acquire high-resolution images for the development of the new generation of visual prostheses.
Push–pull isomers of indolizino[6,5,4,3-def]phenanthridine decorated with a triarylboron moiety
Authors: Dong Lei , Saraci Felix , Yuan Kang , Wang Xiang , Wang Suning
Published: June 2019

Push–pull regioisomers decorated with a triarylboron unit and an electron-withdrawing aryl ring based on an unsymmetrical indolizino[6,5,4,3-def]phenanthridine backbone have been found to display distinct temperature “turn-on” fluorescence.
Preparation and photocatalytic performance of tungstovanadophosphoric heteropoly acid salts
Authors: Ji Dandan , Xue Rong , Zhou Maojuan , Zhu Ying , Zhang Fengshan , Zang Lihua
Published: June 2019

Tungstovanadophosphoric heteropoly acid H5PW10V2O40·5.76H2O (HPWV) has been synthesized via stepwise acidification and gradual addition of elements.
Effect of glucose oxidase and pentosanase on the prebiotic potentials of wheat arabinoxylans in anin vitrofermentation system
Authors: Sun Nianxia , Wang Lili , Liu Liya , Tong Litao , Tran Cuong D. , Awais Muhammad , Zhou Xianrong , Zhou Sumei
Published: June 2019

GOX and Pn + GOX modification increased the prebiotic potential of WEAX. Pn + GOX treated WEAXs had higher prebiotic potentials than WEAXs treated with GOX. The prebiotic potential of the weak gel was higher than that in the strong gel.
Using magnetic levitation for density-based detection of cooking oils
Authors: Zhu Chengxian , Gao Lei , Han Yaojie , OuYang QiRan , Zong Lijun , Li Lin , Zhang Chengwu , Liu Jinhua , Yu Hai-Dong , Huang Wei
Published: June 2019

We have developed a portable and inexpensive method that uses magnetic levitation (MagLev) for on-site quality inspection of cooking oils.
Rational design of a polypyrrole-based competent bifunctional magnetic nanocatalyst
Authors: Amer Wael A. , Al-saida Basel , Ayad Mohamad M.
Published: June 2019

An efficient method to synthesize a magnetic nanocomposite with dual catalytic activities with a synergetic effect between Ag nanoparticles, polypyrrole and TiO2 is described.
Hot electrons generated by intraband and interband transition detected using a plasmonic Cu/TiO2 nanodiode
Authors: Lee Changhwan , Park Yujin , Park Jeong Young
Published: June 2019

Better hot electron extraction via intraband and interband excitation was discerned on Cu compared with Au using plasmonic nanodiode.
Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin-films prepared from selenized nanocrystals ink
Authors: Aruna-Devi R. , Latha M. , Velumani S. , Santos-Cruz J. , Murali Banavoth , Chávez-Carvayar J.-Á. , Pulgarín-Agudelo F. A. , Vigil-Galán O.
Published: June 2019

For the first time, CZTS ink was formulated using low-temperature heating up synthesis of NCs.
Recent advances in the synthesis and synthetic applications of Betti base (aminoalkylnaphthol) and bis-Betti base derivatives
Authors: Olyaei Abolfazl , Sadeghpour Mahdieh
Published: June 2019

The multicomponent reaction between 2-naphthol, arylaldehydes and ammonia yields aminobenzylnaphthols in a process known as the Betti reaction, which was first uncovered at the beginning of the 20th century.
Pressure-induced hydrogen localization coupled to a semiconductor–insulator transition in a hydrogen-bonded molecular conductor
Authors: Ueda Akira , Kishimoto Kouki , Isono Takayuki , Yamada Shota , Kamo Hiromichi , Kobayashi Kensuke , Kumai Reiji , Murakami Youichi , Gouchi Jun , Uwatoko Yoshiya , Nishio Yutaka , Mori Hatsumi
Published: June 2019

Hydrostatic pressure induces and promotes localization of the hydrogen atom in the hydrogen bond, which leads to a semiconductor–insulator transition.
Interaction of the synthetic antithrombotic peptide P10 with thrombin: a spectroscopy study
Authors: Chen Fangyuan , Jiang Han , Chen Wenwei , Huang Guangrong
Published: June 2019

Thrombin is a critical serine protease in the coagulation system and is widely used as a target protein for antithrombotics.
Plasma treated TiO2/C nanofibers as high performance anode materials for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Rui , Chen Shuimei , Ren Daming , Liu Songting , He Beibei , Gong Yansheng , Wang Huanwen
Published: June 2019

Plasma treatment greatly improves the rate capability of TiO2/C nanofibers.
Synthesis and structure of [(Ph3P)2Cu(μ-SeCH2Ph)2In(SeCH2Ph)2] as a single-source precursor for the preparation of CuInSe2 nano-materials
Authors: Pal Manoj K. , Dey Sandip , Neogy Suman , Kumar Mukesh
Published: June 2019

The complex [(Ph3P)2Cu(μ-SeCH2Ph)2In(SeCH2Ph)2] has been synthesized and structurally characterized, which on solvolysis yielded single phasic CuInSe2 nanoparticles. The particles were characterized by pXRD, SEM, HRTEM, EDX and DRS analysis.
Synthesis of a photocurable acrylated poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(xylitol sebacate) copolymers hydrogel 3D printing ink for tissue engineering
Authors: Wang Yicai , Li Yuan , Yu Xiaoling , Long Qizhi , Zhang Tian
Published: June 2019

A novel acrylated poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(xylitol sebacate) (PEXS-A) hydrogel for 3D printing ink and cell encapsulation for tissue engineering application.
Penetration of a bubble through porous membranes with different wettabilities
Authors: Park JooYoung , Ryu Jeongeun , Lee Sang Joon
Published: June 2019

We characterized the effects of surface wettability on the entire dynamics of a bubble disappearing through porous membranes.
Outsmarting superbugs: bactericidal activity of nanostructured titanium surfaces against methicillin- and gentamicin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusATCC 33592
Authors: Wandiyanto Jason V. , Cheeseman Samuel , Truong Vi Khanh , Kobaisi Mohammad Al , Bizet Chantal , Juodkazis Saulius , Thissen Helmut , Crawford Russell J. , Ivanova Elena P.
Published: June 2019

The colonisation of biomaterial surfaces by pathogenic bacteria is a significant issue of concern, particularly in light of the rapid rise of antibiotic resistance.
A mitochondria-targeted two-photon fluorogenic probe for the dual-imaging of viscosity and H2O2 levels in Parkinson's disease models
Authors: Li Hao , Xin Chenqi , Zhang Gaobin , Han Xisi , Qin Wenjing , Zhang Cheng-wu , Yu Changmin , Jing Su , Li Lin , Huang Wei
Published: June 2019

Novel two-photon fluorogenic probe could simultaneously monitor changes in the mitochondrial viscosity and H2O2 levels using two different channels.
The preparation and biocompatible evaluation of injectable dual crosslinking hyaluronic acid hydrogels as cytoprotective agents
Authors: Cao Wanxu , Sui Junhui , Ma Mengcheng , Xu Yang , Lin Weimin , Chen Yafang , Man Yi , Sun Yong , Fan Yujiang , Zhang Xingdong
Published: June 2019

An injectable dual crosslinking hyaluronic acid hydrogel was prepared by a thiol–ene click reaction and conversion between sulfhydryl and disulfide bonds. This injectable hydrogel exhibits good biocompatibility and potential biomedical applications.
TrxR2 overexpression alleviates inflammation-mediated neuronal death via reducing the oxidative stress and activating the Akt–Parkin pathway
Authors: Gao Jinbao , Li Yunjun , Li Wende , Wang Haijiang
Published: June 2019

Neuronal death caused by inflammatory cytokine-mediated neuroinflammation is being extensively explored. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) 2 is a novel mediator of inflammation response. In the current study, we focus on the mechanisms of TrxR2 overexpression in inflammation-mediated neuronal death. LPS was used to induce neuroinflammation in N2a cells in vitro. Adenovirus-loaded TrxR2 was transfected into N2a cells to up-regulate TrxR2 expression. Then, cell viability was determined via MTT assay and TUNEL assay. Apoptosis was measured via western blotting and ELISA. Oxidative stress was detected via ELISA and flow cytometry. A pathway inhibitor was used to verify the role of the Akt–Parkin pathway in the LPS-mediated N2a cell death in the presence of TrxR2 overexpression. With the help of immunofluorescence assay and western blotting, we found that TrxR2 expression was significantly reduced in response to LPS treatment, and this effect was associated with N2a cell death via apoptosis. At the molecular level, TrxR2 overexpression elevated the activity of the Akt–Parkin pathway, as evidenced by the increased expression of p-Akt and Parkin. Interestingly, inhibition of the Akt–Parkin pathway abolished the regulatory effect of TrxR2 on LPS-treated N2a cells, as evidenced by the decreased cell viability and increased apoptotic ratio. Besides, TrxR2 overexpression also reduced oxidative stress, inflammation factor transcription and mitochondrial apoptosis. However, inhibition of Akt–Parkin axis abrogated the protective effects of TrxR2 on redox balance, mitochondrial performance and cell survival. LPS-mediated neuronal death was linked to a drop in TrxR2 overexpression and the inactivation of the Akt–Parkin pathway. Overexpression of TrxR2 sustained mitochondrial function, inhibited oxidative stress, repressed inflammation response, and blocked mitochondrial apoptosis, finally sending a pro-survival signal for the N2a cells in the setting of LPS-mediated inflammation environment.
Chemical synthesis and characterization of a new quinazolinedione competitive antagonist for strigolactone receptors with an unexpected binding mode
Authors: Hamiaux Cyril , Larsen Lesley , Lee Hui Wen , Luo Zhiwei , Sharma Prachi , Hawkins Bill C. , Perry Nigel B. , Snowden Kimberley C.
Published: June 2019

Strigolactones (SLs) are multifunctional plant hormones regulating essential physiological processes affecting growth and development. In vascular plants, SLs are recognized by α/β hydrolase-fold proteins from the D14/DAD2 (Dwarf14/Decreased Apical Dominance 2) family in the initial step of the signaling pathway. We have previously discovered that N-phenylanthranilic acid derivatives (e.g. tolfenamic acid) are potent antagonists of SL receptors, prompting us to design quinazolinone and quinazolinedione derivatives (QADs and QADDs, respectively) as second-generation antagonists. Initial in silico docking studies suggested that these compounds would bind to DAD2, the petunia SL receptor, with higher affinity than the first-generation compounds. However, only one of the QADs/QADDs tested in in vitro assays acted as a competitive antagonist of SL receptors, with reduced affinity and potency compared with its N-phenylanthranilic acid ‘parent’. X-ray crystal structure analysis revealed that the binding mode of the active QADD inside DAD2's cavity was not that predicted in silico, highlighting a novel inhibition mechanism for SL receptors. Despite a ∼10-fold difference in potency in vitro, the QADD and tolfenamic acid had comparable activity in planta, suggesting that the QADD compensates for lower potency with increased bioavailability. Altogether, our results establish this QADD as a novel lead compound towards the development of potent and bioavailable antagonists of SL receptors.
Application of single-cell RNA sequencing methodologies in understanding haematopoiesis and immunology
Authors: Ranzoni Anna M. , Strzelecka Paulina M. , Cvejic Ana
Published: June 2019

The blood and immune system are characterised by utmost diversity in its cellular components. This heterogeneity can solely be resolved with the application of single-cell technologies that enable precise examination of cell-to-cell variation. Single-cell transcriptomics is continuously pushing forward our understanding of processes driving haematopoiesis and immune responses in physiological settings as well as in disease. Remarkably, in the last five years, a number of studies involving single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) allowed the discovery of new immune cell types and revealed that haematopoiesis is a continuous rather than a stepwise process, thus challenging the classical haematopoietic lineage tree model. This review summarises the most recent studies which applied scRNA-seq to answer outstanding questions in the fields of haematology and immunology and discusses the present challenges and future directions.
Facilitating Social Communication in Children With Developmental Language Disorder: A Bibliotherapeutic Approach
Authors: Brinton Bonnie , Fujiki Martin
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Social communication involves the integration of language processing, pragmatics, and social and emotional learning. Children presenting with a variety of disabilities, including developmental language disorder, have difficulty with social communication. We describe an intervention approach designed to simultaneously address language form, pragmatics, and social and emotional learning utilizing a bibliotherapeutic approach. Story sharing and story enactment activities are described, and materials and resources are provided. The intervention is structured in a plan–do–review format and is designed to be implemented within a school setting.

Conclusion

Preliminary efficacy data are presented.
Investigation of stator slot/rotor pole combination of flux reversal permanent magnet machine with consequent‐pole PM structure
Authors: Li Hua‐Yang , Zhu Zi‐Qiang
Published: June 2019

Here, the influence of stator slot and rotor pole combination on performance of flux reversal permanent magnet (FRPM) machine with consequent‐pole permanent magnet (CPM) structure is analysed. First, for 12‐slot FRPM machines, the torque capabilities of CPM and conventional surface‐mounted PM (SPM) structure having different rotor poles are compared. It shows that the torques of CPM machines are largely affected by the rotor pole number while the torques of SPM machines are similar. This is further explained by the equivalent pole‐pair number and corresponding saturation condition. The influence of stator slot number and PM width ratio on torque performance of the CPM‐FRPM machine is then investigated. Finally, detailed electromagnetic performance of the 12/14 SPM‐ and CPMFRPM machine is analysed and compared.
Den Stoffwechsel befeuern
Authors: Vigl Sebastian
Published: June 2019

Bei einer Hypothyreose ist der TSH-Wert erhöht, oft wird Levothyroxin zur Normalisierung der Werte eingesetzt. Ursache kann zum Beispiel eine Autoimmun-Thyreoiditis sein. Wenn bei einer Hypothyreose durch eine Levothyroxin-Therapie die TSH-Werte im Normbereich sind, können dennoch Hypothyreose-ähnliche Symptome auftreten - so auch im vorliegenden Fall. Teedrogen und Mikronährstoffe konnten im vorliegenden Fall die Hypothyreose-ähnlichen Symptome bei normalem TSH-Wert lindern. Die Patientin konnte Levothyroxin mit ärztlicher Begleitung ausschleichen.
Sachverstand und waches Auge
Authors: Handke Denis
Published: June 2019

Immer häufiger fordern Aufsichtsbehörden invasiv arbeitende Heilpraktiker schriftlich auf, Hygienemaßnahmen zu dokumentieren und nachzuweisen. Für invasive Tätigkeiten gelten besondere Anforderungen an Desinfektionsmaßnahmen sowie die Sterilität und Entsorgung des verwendeten Materials. Die jeweiligen Vorgaben unter anderem für Fortbildung, Flächendesinfektion, Material, Vor-, Zu- und Nachbereitung der Injektion finden sich in den Hygieneverordnungen der Länder, den KRINKO-Empfehlungen sowie die TRBA 250.
Heilreaktion Fieber
Authors: Lochbrunner Birgit
Published: June 2019

Fieber ist Ausdruck eines aktivierten Immunsystems und wird in der ganzheitlichen Medizin als Heilreaktion des Körpers gesehen. Für die naturheilkundliche Behandlung eignen sich Schonung, Zufuhr von Flüssigkeit und Elektrolyten, Phytotherapie, leichte Kost und Fieberableitung. Verschiedene homöopathische Mittel mit deutlichem Fieberbezug können die Genesung beschleunigen, darunter Aconitum, Belladonna und Chinarinde.
Nicht lange fackeln
Authors: Kämper Siegfried
Published: June 2019

Auch wenn ein Brand in der Heilpraktikerpraxis nur ausgesprochen selten vorkommt, muss man stets gewappnet sein. Jeder Praxisinhaber muss die geltenden Regelungen zum Brandschutz einhalten und seine Mitarbeiter entsprechend unterweisen. So ist zum Beispiel ein Feuerlöscher Pflicht, wenn man Mitarbeiter in der Praxis beschäftigt.
Lernen aus Fehlern anhand eines fallbasierten Curriculums im medizinischen Querschnittsbereich Gesundheitssysteme/Gesundheitsökonomie und öffentliche Gesundheitspflege
Authors: Tolks Daniel , Kiessling Claudia , Wershofen Birgit , Pudritz Yvonne , Schunk Michaela , Härtl Anja , Fischer Martin R. , Huber Johanna
Published: June 2019

Ziel der Studie Es bestehen kaum Konzepte, wie den Studierenden Wissen über das eigene Gesundheitssystem vermittelt und die Wichtigkeit und Praxisrelevanz des Themas verdeutlicht werden kann. Der fallbasierte Ansatz und die darin beschriebenen Fehler sollen die Relevanz des Themas für die ärztliche Tätigkeit hervorheben.

Methodik Es wurde ein Kurskonzept entwickelt, welches die Praxisrelevanz der Inhalte den Studierenden möglichst nah gebracht werden kann. Dieses basiert auf einem Methodenmix aus Game-Based Learning, fallbasierten und kooperativen Lernens. Im Rahmen des Seminars wird der Weg eines krebskranken Patienten durch das Gesundheitswesen beschrieben, der aufgrund mangelnder Absprachen und weiterer Schnittstellenproblematiken unbefriedigend behandelt wird. Der fallbasierte Ansatz und die darin beschriebenen Fehler sollen die Relevanz des Themas für die ärztliche Tätigkeit hervorheben.

Ergebnisse Analysen zeigen, dass die Studierenden (n=1162) bei beiden Erhebungszeiträumen ihr Interesse am Seminarthema eher im mittleren Bereich einordneten. Dennoch empfanden die Studierenden die Methode des fallbasierten Lernens als gut und schätzten die Relevanz des Themas als hoch ein.

Schlussfolgerungen Die spätere Relevanz des Themenkomplexes GGG für die berufliche Tätigkeit wurde von den Studierenden scheinbar erkannt. Die geringe Motivation der Studierenden, sich mit der Thematik zu beschäftigen, konnte scheinbar reduziert werden, was auch durch die rückgemeldeten Beobachtungen der Dozierenden bestätigt wurde.
Upper Extremity DVT versus Lower Extremity DVT: Perspectives from the GARFIELD-VTE Registry
Authors: Ageno Walter , Haas Sylvia , Weitz Jeffrey I. , Goldhaber Samuel Z. , Turpie Alexander G. G. , Goto Shinya , Angchaisuksiri Pantep , Dalsgaard Nielsen Joern , Kayani Gloria , Farjat Alfredo E. , Zaghdoun Audrey , Schellong Sebastian , Bounameaux Henri , Mantovani Lorenzo G. , Prandoni Paolo , Darius Harald , Kakkar Ajay K.
Published: June 2019

Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) is less common than lower extremity DVT (LEDVT) and consequently less well characterized. This study compared clinical characteristics and 1-year outcomes between 438 UEDVT patients and 7,602 LEDVT patients recruited in the GARFIELD-VTE registry. UEDVT patients were significantly more likely to have a central venous catheter than those with LEDVT (11.5% vs. 0.5%; p < 0.0001), and had a higher rate of active cancer (16.2%) or recent hospitalization (19.4%) compared with LEDVT patients (8.7% and 11.2%, respectively). Nearly all patients with UEDVT and LEDVT were initiated on anticoagulant therapy, which was a direct oral anticoagulant in one-third individuals in both groups. At 3, 6, and 12 months, the proportion of UEDVT and LEDVT patients who were receiving anticoagulant therapy was 82.6 and 87.4%, 66.0 and 72.6%, and 45.7 and 54.6%, respectively. In the UEDVT and LEDVT groups, VTE recurrence rate was 4.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4–6.7) and 5.5 (95% CI, 4.9–6.1) per 100 person-years, respectively; major bleed was noted in 1.3 (95% CI, 0.6–3.2) and 1.6 (95% CI, 1.3–1.9) per 100 person-years and all-cause mortality in 9.7 (95% CI, 7.1–13.4) and 6.7 (95% CI, 6.1–7.3) per 100 person-years, respectively. Hence, risk of recurrence was similar in the two groups whereas all-cause mortality was significantly higher in the UEDVT group than the LEDVT group (p = 0.0338). This latter finding was likely due to the high prevalence of cancer in the UEDVT group.
Clinical Characteristics of Patients with a Right Ventricular Thrombus in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Akdis Deniz , Chen Kai , Saguner Ardan M. , Stämpfli Simon F. , Chen Xiao , Chen Liang , Rao Man , Haegeli Laurent M. , Tanner Felix C. , Brunckhorst Corinna , Song Jiangping , Duru Firat
Published: June 2019

Background Thrombus formation within the left ventricle (LV) is a well-known clinical entity and is often associated with underlying myocardial disease, whereas right ventricular (RV) thrombi are rarely observed. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy (ARVC) who developed an RV thrombus.

Methods and Results This study included patients with an RV thrombus from the ARVC databases of the University Heart Center in Zurich, Switzerland, and the Fuwai Hospital in Beijing, China. In total, there were 13 ARVC patients who had an RV thrombus detected. The mean age was 33 ± 15 (range: 11–51) years. Eight patients (62%) were male. The mean Task Force score was 6 ± 1. Nine of these patients (69%) had an RV thrombus only whereas four patients had biventricular thrombi. All 13 ARVC patients had a severely impaired RV function (RV fractional area change 16 ± 9% and RV ejection fraction 15 ± 4%); LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was 40 ± 15%. ARVC patients with an additional LV thrombus had a lower LVEF than the others (24 ± 11 vs. 47 ± 11, p = 0.02). Under therapeutic anticoagulation, complete thrombus resolution was observed in 9/13 patients (69%).

Conclusion RV thrombus formation is a potential complication of ARVC with impaired RV function. In patients with biventricular involvement, thrombi may also occur within the LV. Anticoagulation is generally effective to dissolve RV thrombi. This study highlights the need for awareness during cardiac imaging to detect this rare complication of ARVC.
Tibial Tuberosity Transposition Stabilization Using a Cortical Screw Placed Adjacent to the Tuberosity in Dogs with Patellar Luxation
Authors: Filliquist Barbro , Viskjer Sivert , Stover Susan M.
Published: June 2019

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe a screw fixation method of the tibial tuberosity after transposition during surgical treatment of patellar luxation and to report complications and outcome of the procedure.

Materials and Methods Medical records (2010–2016) of dogs treated for patellar luxation with tibial tuberosity transposition stabilization using a cortical bone screw placed adjacent to the tuberosity were retrospectively reviewed. Radiographs acquired immediately after surgery were evaluated for fissures. Proximal tibial dimensions and tibial tuberosity segments were measured. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded.

Results One-hundred and six dogs and 131 stifle surgeries were included. Implant complications associated with the screw occurred in 2/106 dogs (1.9%). Two dogs developed tibial tuberosity fracture and proximal displacement within 1 week of surgery and required stabilization with pin and tension band. Patellar reluxation rate following surgery was 6.9% (9/131 procedures). Presence of a fissure on postoperative radiographs increased the odds of tibial tuberosity fracture development (p < 0.001), while greater tibial tuberosity size (p = 0.023) and larger distal cortical attachment (p = 0.018) decreased the odds of fissure formation.

Clinical significance Tibial tuberosity transposition can be achieved with a cortical screw placed lateral or medial to the tibial tuberosity.
Early Onset and Severe Progression of Neuro-ophthalmological Manifestations in a Case with Parry–Romberg Syndrome
Authors: Zone Abid Imen , Jarrar Emna , Feki Jamel , Kamoun Fatma , Triki Chahnez , Ben Nsir Sihem
Published: June 2019

Parry–Romberg syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by unilateral facial atrophy affecting the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscles, and sometimes extending to the osteocartilaginous structures. Ophthalmological and neurological involvements are relatively rare. We present a case of an early onset of left hemifacial atrophy, a progressive severe left ocular impairment, and the presence of a neurological disorder in the left hemisphere of the brain. The neuro-ophthalmological manifestations on the left side include enophthalmos, mild pseudoptosis, moderate asymmetry of the eyebrows, diffuse chorioretinal atrophy, reduced visual acuity, reduced central retinal thickness (162 µm) with the interruption of the ellipsoid zone, and the alteration of the outer nuclear layer, with associated reduced responses in photopic and scotopic amplitudes. The patient reported high intensity left brain white matter and a brief clinical focal seizure. This case report adds to the repertoire spectrum of this rare syndrome. The presentation calls for a multidisciplinary care for patients like our case.
Dravet Syndrome: Early Diagnosis and Emerging Therapies
Authors: Burr Tyler J. , Skjei Karen L.
Published: June 2019

Dravet's syndrome (DS) or severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy is a rare, genetic, and infantile-onset epileptic encephalopathy. DS presents with recurrent febrile seizures and/or febrile status epilepticus in developmentally normal infants, and subsequently evolves into a drug-resistant mixed-seizure disorder with developmental arrest or regression. As many defining clinical features of DS do not become evident until 3 to 4 years of age, diagnosis is often delayed. Early seizure control, particularly the prevention of status epilepticus in infancy, has been shown to correlate with better long-term outcomes. Thus, early diagnosis and seizure control is crucial. Several treatment algorithms have been published in recent years to guide antiepileptic drug selection and escalation. Last year, two agents, stiripentol and cannabidiol, were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specifically for use in DS, and a third has been submitted (fenfluramine). Additional therapies, including serotonin modulators lorcaserin and trazodone, verapamil, and several first-in-class medications, are currently in various phases of investigation.
Somatic Mosaicism for Paternal Uniparental Disomy of 11p15.5 Region in Adrenal and Liver Tissues in a Newborn with Atypical Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome
Authors: Urzua Abraham , Burattini Sofia , Pinochet Constanza , Benavides Felipe , Repetto Gabriela M.
Published: June 2019

Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is characterized by overgrowth and increased risk of embryonic tumors. It results from alterations in genes controlled by imprinting centers H19DMR (Imprinting Center [IC] 1) and KvDMR (IC2). Strategies for diagnostic confirmation include methylation analysis and CDKN1C sequencing. We present a newborn with placentomegaly, hyperinsulinism and adrenal cytomegaly, but no typical external features of BWS. The patient had normal genetic studies in blood. However, adrenal and liver tissues showed hypermethylation of IC1 and hypomethylation of IC2. Microsatellite analysis confirmed mosaic paternal uniparental disomy. This study demonstrates the importance of analyzing additional tissues to reduce underdiagnosis of somatic mosaicism in BWS.
Semiclassical methods for calculating radiative association rate constants for different thermodynamic conditions: Application to formation of CO, CN, and SiN
Authors: Gustafsson Magnus , Forrey Robert C.
Published: June 2019

It is well-known that resonances can serve as a catalyst for molecule formation. Rate constants for resonance-induced molecule formation are phenomenological as they depend upon the mechanism used to populate the resonances. Standard treatments assume tunneling from the continuum is the only available population mechanism, which means long-lived quasibound states are essentially unpopulated. However, if a fast resonance population mechanism exists, the long-lived quasibound states may be populated and give rise to a substantial increase in the molecule formation rate constant. In the present work, we show that the semiclassical formula of Kramers and ter Haar [Bull. Astron. Inst. Neth. 10, 137 (1946)] may be used to compute rate constants for radiative association in the limit of local thermodynamic equilibrium. Comparisons are made with quantum mechanical and standard semiclassical treatments, and results are shown for two limits which provide upper and lower bounds for the six most important radiative association reactions leading to the formation of CO, CN, and SiN. These results may have implications for interstellar chemistry in molecular clouds, where the environmental and thermodynamic conditions often are uncertain.
Experimental and first-principles investigation of Cr-driven color change in cesium lead halide perovskites
Authors: Ozen S. , Guner T. , Topcu G. , Ozcan M. , Demir M. M. , Sahin H.
Published: June 2019

Herein, we report room temperature Cr-doping for all-inorganic perovskites that have attracted great attention in recent years due to their extraordinary optical properties, low cost, and ease of synthesis. Incorporation of Cr3+ ions into the perovskite crystal lattices is achieved by following a facile route involving an antisolvent recrystallization method at room temperature. It is shown that both Cr-doping and formation of crystals in the CsPbBrxCl3−x phase are provided by increasing the concentration of the CrCl3 solution. It is also observed that the doping procedure leads to the emergence of three types of distinctive peaks in the PL spectrum originating from CsPbBrxCl3−x domains (476–427 nm), Cr-strained host lattices (515 nm), and midgap states formed by Cr dopants (675–775 nm). It is also found that the Cr-doped perovskites emitting a dark violaceous color change their color to white with a high color rendering index (88) in 30-day time intervals. Easy-tunable optical properties of all-inorganic Cs perovskites indicate their great potential for future optoelectronic device applications.
Modes of an elliptical cylindrical resonant cavity—analytical solution
Authors: Grbić M. S.
Published: June 2019

An analytical solution of the Helmholtz equation for electromagnetic field distribution in a resonant cavity with elliptic cross section is found. We compare the frequencies of the eigenmodes with numerical and experimental values for a metallic cavity and find an excellent matching. We focus our analysis on the microwave frequency region and show how the ellipticity of the cavity (ratio of the minor and major axes length b/a) influences several mode frequencies and also the Q-factor of the cavity. By doing so, we demonstrate how the elliptic geometry splits the degeneracy of certain modes of the circular cylindric cavity.
Evaluation of reversible and irreversible domain wall motions in relaxor ferroelectrics: Influence of acceptor ions
Authors: Yang Liya , Fang Hong , Zheng Limei , Du Juan , Wang Lihai , Lu Xiaoyan , Lü Weiming , Zhang Rui , Cao Wenwu
Published: June 2019

The intrinsic, reversible, and irreversible extrinsic dielectric responses of 0.27Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–0.46Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.27PbTiO3 relaxor single crystals with and without Mn doping have been extracted by using Rayleigh analysis from 0.1 Hz to 1000 Hz, and the influence of acceptor ions has been quantitatively evaluated. The results show that the lattice deformation under an ac electric field is slightly inhibited by Mn2+/Mn3+, while both reversible and irreversible domain wall motions are greatly suppressed to below 20% of the non-Mn doped values. As a result, the mechanical quality factor, which is closely related to domain wall motions, is significantly enhanced. Meanwhile, the large piezoelectricity, which is dominated by intrinsic contribution, is maintained.
Analyzing the electromagnetic scattering characteristics for plasma targets based on shooting and bouncing ray method
Authors: Zhou Junyang , Han Yiping
Published: June 2019

The analysis of radar target electromagnetic scattering characteristics is the basis of radar target detection, imaging and recognition. The high-frequency algorithm shooting and bouncing ray (SBR) method is used to calculate the radar cross section (RCS) of the plasma-covered target. Firstly, the RCS of the single-layer and multi-layer uniform plasma-covered cylinders was calculated and compared with multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) to prove the correctness of the program. The effects of different incident conditions and different plasma parameters on RCS reduction were then investigated by calculating the RCS of the uniform and non-uniform plasma-covered RAM-CII vehicle model. This research is of great significance for the study of the “black obstacle” phenomenon that occurs when the vehicle is flying at high speed in space.
Linear theory of multibeam parametric instabilities in homogeneous plasmas
Authors: Xiao C. Z. , Zhuo H. B. , Yin Y. , Liu Z. J. , Zheng C. Y. , He X. T.
Published: June 2019

Linear theory of parametric instabilities resulting from N overlapping laser beams with an arbitrary beam configuration and polarization in a homogeneous plasma is presented. A general dispersion relation valid for both N-beam stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is derived. Analytically, we obtain the growth rate for a two-beam system and find the significance of two special geometries by sharing a common decay wave. By virtue of these geometries, the coefficient matrix of the general dispersion relation is decomposable and reducible in dimensions to give relatively simple formulae. Therefore, the most unstable mode is a trade-off among beam number, geometry, and polarization. We have also considered the spatio-temporal evolution of a highly symmetric N-beam shared scattered light (SL) mode, defined by N beams sharing a common scattered wave, and obtained convective gains for SRS and SBS. An estimation shows that both SRS and SBS in a N-beam SL mode may have significant impacts on inertial confinement fusion.
Ultrasonic cavitation noise in suspensions with ethyl cellulose nanoparticles
Authors: Ge Han , Li Yongjian , Chen Haosheng
Published: June 2019

Hydrophobic biodegradable ethyl cellulose (EC) nanoparticles are commonly used to stabilize the gas/liquid interfaces. To produce EC foams, ultrasonication with a driving frequency of 21.45 kHz is utilized. EC suspension reduced the cavitation noise, and the immersing depth of the vibrating horn influenced the foamability of the EC particles. When the horn is near the air/liquid interface, dense and homogeneous EC foams will be obtained, but when the horn is near the bottom wall, sparse and polydisperse EC foams are obtained. This is attributed to the fact that more bubbles are stabilized by the EC nanoparticles in the ultrasonic field when the horn is near the air/liquid interface; therefore, the collapse of the bubbles is suppressed, and the sound pressure level is lowered on the broadband.
Review highlights successes and challenges for future of fluorescent microscopy in neuroscience
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: June 2019

Fluorescent microscopy can bolster our understanding of neurochemistry but encounters challenges when comes to implementation.
Synthesis of enantiomerically pure 2-aryloxy carboxylic acids and their derivatives
Authors: Vakarov Sergey A. , Gruzdev Dmitry A. , Levit Galina L. , Krasnov Victor P. , Charushin Valery N. , Chupakhin Oleg N.
Published: June 2019

Recent publications on the key preparation methods of the enantiomers of 2-aryloxy carboxylic acids are summarized and comparative analysis of the methods is given. The information is arranged according to the type of the starting compound, being classified into syntheses from enantiomerically pure chiral precursors and syntheses from prochiral precursors, which imply generation of an asymmetric centre in the substrate molecule. Data on the chemical resolution of racemic mixtures of the title compounds are addressed in a separate Section. Attention is focused on the preparation of practically valuable 2-aryloxy acids. Examples of biologically active derivatives of 2-aryloxy carboxylic acids are given.

The bibliography includes 121 references.
Seasonal variation in sperm freezability associated with changes in testicular germinal epithelium in domestic (Ovis aries) and wild (Ovis musimon) sheep
Authors: Martínez-Fresneda Lucía , O'Brien Emma , Velázquez Rosario , Toledano-Díaz Adolfo , Martínez-Cáceres Carlos M. , Tesfaye Dawit , Schellander Karl , García-Vázquez Francisco A. , Santiago-Moreno Julian
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study was to examine ovine sperm cryoresistance during the rutting season (RS) and its association with sperm head area and seminiferous epithelium proliferation. Small ruminants show fluctuating testosterone levels throughout the year, which could interfere with spermatogenesis and sperm cryopreservation. Ejaculates, testicular biopsies and blood were collected during the middle and at the end of the RS (Middle-RS vs End-RS) during periods of high and low testosterone levels in Merino and Mouflon rams. Fresh and frozen–thawed sperm quality, sperm morphometry, seminiferous tubule morphometry and testicular proliferation markers (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, proliferation marker protein Ki-67 and transcription factor GATA-4) were evaluated. Post-thaw sperm viability was higher in the End-RS group in both Merino (69.9±8.2 vs 41.6±7.3%; P=0.020) and Mouflon rams (40.9±3.3 vs 24.2±5.0%; P=0.008). Mouflons had larger sperm head area at the End-RS (38.3±0.2 vs 34.3±0.1µm2; P=0.029), whereas there was no difference between Merino groups (35.7±0.5 vs 34.8±1.0µm2). Seminiferous tubule morphometry and proliferation markers showed higher levels of germinal epithelium proliferation in the Middle-RS of both species. In conclusion, sperm freezability is affected during the RS in domestic and wild rams, which could be correlated with changes that occur during spermatogenesis, since there is an effect of season on cell proliferation in the testis.
The cell wall regulates dynamics and size of plasma-membrane nanodomains in
Arabidopsis
Authors: McKenna J. F. , Rolfe D. J. , Webb S. E. D. , Tolmie A. F. , Botchway S. W. , Martin-Fernandez M. L. , Hawes C. , Runions J.
Published: June 2019

Significance

The plant plasma membrane acts as the front line for cellular perception of the environment. As such, signaling and transport proteins which perceive or transport environmental signals, developmental cues, and nutrients are located within it. A number of studies have revealed that proteins located within the plasma membrane do not simply freely diffuse within its plane. Rather, proteins are localized in nanodomains. In addition to the plasma membrane, plant cells also have an extracellular matrix, the cell wall. Here we have shown that the cell wall has a role in regulating the dynamics and size of plasma-membrane nanodomains for proteins involved in morphogenesis (PIN3) and pathogen perception (FLS2).
Loss of the HIF pathway in a widely distributed intertidal crustacean, the copepod
Tigriopus californicus
Authors: Graham Allie M. , Barreto Felipe S.
Published: June 2019

Hypoxia is a major physiological constraint for which multicellular eukaryotes have evolved robust cellular mechanisms capable of addressing dynamic changes in O
2
availability. In animals, oxygen sensing and regulation is primarily performed by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway, and the key components of this pathway are thought to be highly conserved across metazoans. Marine intertidal habitats are dynamic environments, and their inhabitants are known to tolerate wide fluctuations in salinity, temperature, pH, and oxygen. In this study, we show that an abundant intertidal crustacean, the copepod
Tigriopus californicus
, has lost major genetic components of the HIF pathway, but still shows robust survivorship and transcriptional response to hypoxia. Mining of protein domains across the genome, followed by phylogenetic analyses of gene families, did not identify two key regulatory elements of the metazoan hypoxia response, namely the transcription factor
HIF
-α and its oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylase repressor,
EGLN
. Despite this loss, phenotypic assays revealed that this species is tolerant to extremely low levels of available O
2
for at least 24 h at both larval and adult stages. RNA-sequencing (seq) of copepods exposed to nearly anoxic conditions showed differential expression of over 400 genes, with evidence for induction of glycolytic metabolism without a depression of oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, genes involved in chitin metabolism and cuticle reorganization show categorically a consistent pattern of change during anoxia, highlighting this pathway as a potential solution to low oxygen availability in this small animal with no respiratory structures or pigment.
Exploratory locomotion, a predictor of addiction vulnerability, is oligogenic in rats selected for this phenotype
Authors: Zhou Zhifeng , Blandino Peter , Yuan Qiaoping , Shen Pei-Hong , Hodgkinson Colin A. , Virkkunen Matti , Watson Stanley J. , Akil Huda , Goldman David
Published: June 2019

Artificially selected model organisms can reveal hidden features of the genetic architecture of the complex disorders that they model. Addictions are disease phenotypes caused by different intermediate phenotypes and pathways and thereby are potentially highly polygenic. High responder (bHR) and low responder (bLR) rat lines have been selectively bred (b) for exploratory locomotion (EL), a behavioral phenotype correlated with novelty-seeking, impulsive response to reward, and vulnerability to addiction, and is inversely correlated with spontaneous anxiety and depression-like behaviors. The rapid response to selection indicates loci of large effect for EL. Using exome sequencing of HR and LR rats, we identified alleles in gene-coding regions that segregate between the two lines. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis in F2 rats derived from a bHR × bLR intercross confirmed that these regions harbored genes affecting EL. The combined effects of the seven genome-wide significant QTLs accounted for approximately one-third of the total variance in EL, and two-thirds of the variance attributable to genetic factors, consistent with an oligogenic architecture of EL estimated both from the phenotypic distribution of F2 animals and rapid response to selection. Genetic association in humans linked
APBA2
, the ortholog of the gene at the center of the strongest QTL, with substance use disorders and related behavioral phenotypes. Our finding is also convergent with molecular and animal behavioral studies implicating Apba2 in locomotion. These results provide multilevel evidence for genes/loci influencing EL. They shed light on the genetic architecture of oligogenicity in animals artificially selected for a phenotype modeling a more complex disorder in humans.
Transport gap in SmB
6
protected against disorder
Authors: Eo Yun Suk , Rakoski Alexa , Lucien Juniar , Mihaliov Dmitri , Kurdak Çağlıyan , Rosa Priscila F. S. , Fisk Zachary
Published: June 2019

Significance

The realization of modern electrical and optoelectrical devices is possible because of the successful control of point defects in semiconductors or narrow band-gapped insulators. Recently, a new subclass of these semiconductors has been discovered, so-called topological insulators (TIs). These 3D TIs harbor a unique 2D conduction layer on the surfaces that can be potentially applicable for novel quantum devices. The access of these surface states, however, is easily hindered by bulk conduction from unintentional defects. Surprisingly, by using a unique resistance measurement in a strongly correlated TI

S
m
B

6

, we find that typical defect signatures of a semiconductor in electrical transport are absent in the

S
m
B

6

bulk, including samples prepared with large samarium-to-boron off-stoichiometry.
Engineering opposite electronic polarization of singlet and triplet states increases the yield of high-energy photoproducts
Authors: Polizzi Nicholas F. , Jiang Ting , Beratan David N. , Therien Michael J.
Published: June 2019

Significance

All known natural reaction centers employ high-energy singlet states as electron donors, but artificial photosystems struggle to overcome energy losses associated with lower-energy triplet-state formation, which critically limits solar energy conversion efficiency. Our results illustrate a design principle—seemingly at work in the photosynthetic reaction center ofRhodobactersphaeroides—that employs oppositely polarized singlet and triplet excited states to avert intersystem crossing and dramatically increase the yield of high-energy photoproducts, critical for enhanced efficiency solar cells.
Superconductor-metal transition in odd-frequency–paired superconductor in a magnetic field
Authors: Tsvelik A. M.
Published: June 2019

Significance

It is generally expected that when a magnetic field destroys superconductivity in two dimensions, the system becomes an insulator. It is shown that there is a type of superconductivity—namely, the one where the wave function of pairs is odd in time—where the result is not an insulator, but a metal with a zero Hall response. It is suggested that the transition recently observed in the striped-ordered high-

T

c

superconductor La
1.875
Ba
0.125
CuO
4
may belong to this category.
Persistence of learning-induced synapses depends on neurotrophic priming of glucocorticoid receptors
Authors: Arango-Lievano Margarita , Borie Amelie M. , Dromard Yann , Murat Maxime , Desarmenien Michel G. , Garabedian Michael J. , Jeanneteau Freddy
Published: June 2019

Significance

Signal transduction upon activation of receptor tyrosine kinases by neurotrophins and nuclear receptors by glucocorticoids is essential for homeostasis. Phosphorylation (PO
4
) is one way these receptors communicate with one another to support homeostatic reactions in learning and memory. Using a newly developed glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-PO
4
–deficient knock-in mouse, we show that consolidation of learning-induced neuroplasticity depends on both GR-PO
4
and neurotrophic signaling. Cross-talk between these pathways affects experience-dependent neuroplasticity and behavior, extending previous implications of neurotrophic priming of glucocorticoid response for adaptive plasticity to chronic stress and antidepressant response. Therefore, a disruption of cross-talk between these pathways by, for example, the misalignment of circadian glucocorticoid release and experience-dependent neurotrophic signaling may contribute to the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders.
Association between medical cannabis laws and opioid overdose mortality has reversed over time
Authors: Shover Chelsea L. , Davis Corey S. , Gordon Sanford C. , Humphreys Keith
Published: June 2019

Medical cannabis has been touted as a solution to the US opioid overdose crisis since Bachhuber et al. [M. A. Bachhuber, B. Saloner, C. O. Cunningham, C. L. Barry,
JAMA Intern. Med.
174, 1668–1673] found that from 1999 to 2010 states with medical cannabis laws experienced slower increases in opioid analgesic overdose mortality. That research received substantial attention in the scientific literature and popular press and served as a talking point for the cannabis industry and its advocates, despite caveats from the authors and others to exercise caution when using ecological correlations to draw causal, individual-level conclusions. In this study, we used the same methods to extend Bachhuber et al.’s analysis through 2017. Not only did findings from the original analysis not hold over the longer period, but the association between state medical cannabis laws and opioid overdose mortality reversed direction from −21% to +23% and remained positive after accounting for recreational cannabis laws. We also uncovered no evidence that either broader (recreational) or more restrictive (low-tetrahydrocannabinol) cannabis laws were associated with changes in opioid overdose mortality. We find it unlikely that medical cannabis—used by about 2.5% of the US population—has exerted large conflicting effects on opioid overdose mortality. A more plausible interpretation is that this association is spurious. Moreover, if such relationships do exist, they cannot be rigorously discerned with aggregate data. Research into therapeutic potential of cannabis should continue, but the claim that enacting medical cannabis laws will reduce opioid overdose death should be met with skepticism.