bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic Investigation of Metabolism and Potential Pharmacological Mechanism of Tanreqing Injection to Human Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Based on UPLC–Q–TOF–MSE and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Wang Huanlu , Mai Xi , Jing Yan , Liu Shuhao
Published: February 2025

Tanreqing injection (TRQI), a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine, has a marked curative effect on lower respiratory tract infections. A strategy using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–Q–TOF–MSE) for rapid identification of metabolites from TRQI was proposed by UNIFI informatics platform combined with multiple data processing techniques. Target prediction was then performed based on the original compounds in vivo, and a network between the active compounds and common targets was established using Cytoscape v3.9.0. As a result, 64 original compounds were characterized in TRQI, and 54 original compounds and 76 metabolites of TRQI were detected in human plasma and urine, two of which (M28 and M45) were novel metabolites. A novel metabolic pathway for lonicerin was identified. The compound‐target‐pathway network identified 22 target genes and 20 signaling pathways that were linked to these mechanisms. The key mechanism is related to the JAK‐STAT signaling pathway and PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway. The bioactive ingredients and mechanisms of action of TQRI against lower respiratory tract infections based on original compounds in vivo were explored through network pharmacology and molecular docking. This is the first study in which the mechanism of action of TRQI in humans has been clarified.
Meta‐Analysis of the Safety and Efficacy of Intensive Blood Pressure Control After Thrombectomy
Authors: Bao Qiang Ji , Li Yi Ming , Wu Xinting , Li Yun Ting , Huang Xiao Long , Zhou Hui , Zhang Xiao Qiang , Wang Xue Jun
Published: February 2025

Purpose

After successful endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke, there remains considerable controversy surrounding the efficacy of intensified blood pressure control therapy. Presently, numerous randomized controlled trials have yielded diverse findings. Thus, our objective is to consolidate all current randomized controlled trial data to evaluate whether intensified systolic blood pressure targets, in comparison to standard targets, offer superior safety and efficacy.

Methods

By searching the EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases, we identified randomized controlled trials comparing standard blood pressure control to intensified blood pressure control in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Efficacy outcomes included favorable clinical outcomes (defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–2 at 90 days), excellence clinical outcomes (defined as an mRS score of 0–1 at 90 days), and 90‐day mortality. Safety outcomes included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). The relationship between standard and intensified blood pressure control post‐EVT and the prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular thrombectomy was expressed using risk ratios (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results

The analysis encompassed four studies involving a total of 753 patients. After sensitivity analysis and exclusion of literature with significant heterogeneity, it was revealed that compared to intensified blood pressure control, standard blood pressure control was associated with excellent clinical outcomes RR of 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73–0.90; p < 0.05; I2  =  25%). However, no significant correlation was found for favorable clinical outcomes, 90‐day mortality, and safety outcomes including symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.

Conclusions

After careful analysis, our conclusion is that intensified blood pressure control, compared to standard blood pressure control following endovascular treatment in acute stroke patients, does not yield better clinical outcomes and may even lead to inferior ones. Moreover, there is no significant disparity in terms of safety between the two approaches.
Exploring the Effects of Cerebellar tDCS on Brain Connectivity Using Resting‐State fMRI
Authors: Catoira Beatriz , Lombardo Debora , De Smet Stefanie , Guiomar Raquel , Van Schuerbeek Peter , Raeymaekers Hubert , Deroost Natacha , Van Overwalle Frank , Baeken Chris
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The cerebellum's role extends beyond motor control, impacting various cognitive functions. A growing body of evidence supports the idea that the cerebellum optimizes performance across cognitive domains, suggesting critical connectivity with the neocortex. This study investigates how cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the right Crus II region modulates functional brain connectivity.

Method

Using a within‐subject design, 21 healthy participants underwent both sham and anodal cerebellar tDCS at 2 mA during 20 min of concurrent resting‐state fMRI sessions. Data was preprocessed, and connectivity changes were examined using seed‐to‐voxel analysis. Given the potential impact of cerebellar dysfunctions on symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorders, we also assessed how individual autism quotient (AQ) scores might influence cerebellar functional connectivity. Moreover, electrical field simulations were computed for each participant to explore the effects of individual differences.

Findings

Results indicated increased functional connectivity between the cerebellar Crus II and the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during active tDCS compared to sham stimulation. The IFG (part of the Action Observation Network) plays a crucial role in understanding the actions and intentions of others, implicating the cerebellum in higher‐order cognitive processes. In addition, linear mixed‐effects models revealed an interaction between electric field strength and AQ scores, suggesting that functional connectivity changes are based on individual psychobiological differences.

Conclusion

Cerebellar tDCS significantly altered functional brain connectivity, particularly between the cerebellar Crus II and the IFG, both involved in social cognition. These findings contribute to our understanding of the cerebellum's role beyond motor control, highlighting its impact on cognitive and social processes and its potential for therapeutic applications, such as autism spectrum disorders.
Exploring the Relationship Between Serum Neuronal Pentraxin 2 and Poststroke Cognitive Impairment in Patients With First‐Episode Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Li Jie , Ma Wenyang , Gu Shiyuan
Published: February 2025

Background and Objective: Neuronal pentraxin 2 (NPTX2) is associated with cognitive impairment in some neurodegenerative diseases. However, few studies focused on the association between NPTX2 and poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association between serum NPTX2 levels and PSCI.

Methods: A total of 134 participants with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and 42 normal controls were enrolled in this study. Admission baseline information was collected, and serum NPTX2 levels were determined within 24 h using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at hospital admission. All subjects were evaluated for cognitive function using the MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) scale at 3 months after stroke onset, and patients with AIS were divided into PSCI and PSNCI (poststroke no cognitive impairment) groups, with a total MoCA score < 26 defined as PSCI. This study analyzed the relationship between serum NPTX2 and MoCA score and the risk factors of PSCI. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum NPTX2 levels on PSCI.

Results: Among the 134 AIS participants, 53 (38.8%) patients suffered from PSCI at 3 months after stroke onset. The serum levels of NPTX2 in the PSCI group, PSNCI group, and normal controls group were significantly different (p < 0.05). The serum NPTX2 levels in the PSCI and PSNCI groups were higher than normal control group, and the serum NPTX2 levels in the PSCI group were lower than PSNCI group (p < 0.05). Serum NPTX2 levels were positively correlated with the total score of MoCA (r = 0.329, p < 0.01), and also positively correlated with some subcognitive domains of MoCA (visuospatial and executive functions, naming, delayed memory, and attention). ROC curve indicated that serum NPTX2 predicted cognitive impairment in AIS patients. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated serum NPTX2 was an independent protective factor for PSCI (odds ratio [OR] = 0.075, 95% CI 0.010–0.812, p < 0.01).

Conclusions: Lower serum NPTX2 levels were associated with PSCI within 3 months in patients with first‐episode AIS. Lower levels of serum NPTX2 may be associated with impairment in visuospatial and executive functions, naming, delayed memory, and attention, while a further larger‐scale study is needed to verify our findings.
Cross‐Modal Transfer Effects of the Go/No‐Go Training With Visual Stimuli
Authors: Hori Maiko , Kojima Sho , Onishi Hideaki
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Motor task performance guided by one sensory modality (e.g., visual stimuli) can be improved by training; however, whether this training can also improve performance on the same task guided by another sensory modality remains uncertain (e.g., tactile stimuli). This study examined the effects of Go/No‐go task training using visual stimulus cues on Go/No‐go task performance using tactile cues and whether training also influences the dominance of the sensory modality.

Methods

Go/No‐go tasks and a temporal order judgment (TOJ) task were performed by 24 right‐handed, healthy adults on days 1 and 5 of the 5‐day experiment. Furthermore, a subpopulation (the training group) practiced the Go/No‐go task with visual stimulus cues on days 2–4, whereas the remaining control group did not practice the task.

Results

The training group demonstrated significantly reduced reaction times (RTs) on both the visual and tactile Go/No‐go tasks by day 5, whereas the control group demonstrated significantly reduced RTs only on the tactile Go/No‐go task. The RT change was also significantly greater in the training group than in the control group for both modalities. Conversely, no significant change in the TOJ for visual and tactile stimuli was observed between the groups.

Conclusion

These results indicate that motor training with visual guidance can improve performance on the same task guided by tactile stimuli, possibly due to neuroplastic changes in the multimodal association cortices.
Somatosensory‐Thalamic Functional Dysconnectivity Associated With Poststroke Motor Function Rehabilitation: A Resting‐State fMRI Study
Authors: Zhang Haojie , Zhao Jun , Fan Lingzhong , Gao Chaohong , Li Fang , Liu Jingya , Bai Chen , Li Xingzhu , Li Bingjie , Zhang Tong
Published: February 2025

Background

The thalamus plays a pivotal role in functional brain networks, yet its contribution to motor function recovery following stroke remains elusive. We aim to explore changes in thalamocortical functional connectivity poststroke and its correlation with motor function.

Methods

Thirty‐nine subacute ischemic stroke patients and 32 healthy individuals underwent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Fugl–Meyer Assessment (FMA) was employed to evaluate upper and lower extremity motor function before and 1 year after stroke rehabilitation. The ipsilesional thalamus and contralesional thalamus were parceled into functional regions of interest (ROIs) based on connectivity with six cortical ROIs: prefrontal, motor, temporal, posterior parietal, somatosensory, and occipital cortex. Functional connectivity between each cortical ROI and its corresponding thalamic ROI was calculated and compared between groups. Differences identified in the ROI‐to‐ROI analysis were further investigated through seed‐to‐voxel whole‐brain connectivity analyses to pinpoint thalamic dysconnectivity. Correlations with upper and lower extremity motor function were also analyzed.

Results

Significant changes in thalamocortical functional connectivity were observed after stroke in ROI‐to‐ROI analysis, with bilateral somatosensory‐thalamic connectivity decreased and ipsilesional temporal‐thalamic and bilateral occipital‐thalamic connectivity increased. Seed‐to‐voxel analysis localized ipsilesional thalamic hypoconnectivity to the ipsilesional rolandic operculum and ipsilesional precentral gyrus. Ipsilesional somatosensory‐thalamic connectivity was positively correlated with baseline upper extremity FMA scores and negatively correlated with upper extremity motor function change rate at 1‐year postdischarge.

Conclusions

This study provides new insights into the role of the thalamus in motor function recovery after stroke, offering preliminary evidence for its potential as a therapeutic target in poststroke rehabilitation.
Evolving Patterns of Initial RRMS Treatment in Finland (2013–2022): Insights From a Nationwide Multiple Sclerosis Register
Authors: Ahvenjärvi Henrik , Jokinen Elina , Viitala Matias , Autio Henri , Portaankorva Anne M. , Soilu‐Hänninen Merja , Krüger Johanna , Ryytty Mervi
Published: February 2025

Background

The treatment of relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is changing. There are limited data about initial treatment of RRMS in Finland.

Objective

Our objectives were to study the trends of initial disease‐modifying treatments (DMTs) for patients with RRMS from 2013 to 2022, treatment delays, factors associated with DMT choice, DMT switch patterns, and the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

This retrospective register study used secondary data from the Finnish MS register. The DMTs were classified into medium‐efficacy DMTs (meDMTs; beta interferons, glatiramer acetate, fumarates, and teriflunomide) and high‐efficacy DMTs (heDMTs; alemtuzumab, cladribine, daclizumab, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, and rituximab).

Results

The inclusion criteria were fulfilled by 2479 individuals. From 2013 to 2022, the proportion of heDMTs as the initial therapy increased by 5.3‐fold from 6.9% to 43.7% (p < 0.001). Median diagnostic delay decreased from 10.1 to 4.6 months (p < 0.001). The COVID‐19 pandemic did not cause treatment delays. Higher disease activity and younger age were associated with the choice of heDMT as the initial DMT. heDMTs were the preferred second DMT in patients switching due to lack of efficacy.

Conclusion

In Finland, the treatment of RRMS has shifted toward earlier diagnosis and earlier initiation of heDMTs, likely improving the prognosis of the patients.
Accumulate or Diversify Ecological Innovation Assets? The Effect of Ecological Innovation Asset Depth and Breadth on Firm Financial Performance
Authors: Gropengießer‐Arlt Louisa , Zacharias Nicolas A.
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the role of innovation portfolio structures in the relationship of ecological innovation and firm financial performance. We draw on the resource‐based view and the natural resource–based view to examine the effects of the depth and breadth of firms' ecological innovation assets (EIAs) while conceptually and empirically accounting for the substantial differences between two distinct firm financial performance dimensions. To test our conceptual framework, we rely on a panel data set based on 340 US firms listed in the S&P 500 index over a 10‐year period. Fixed‐effects regressions confirm that EIA depth and EIA breadth fundamentally differ in their effects on firm financial performance. Moreover, we find that the results vary considerably between accounting‐based and value‐based financial performance. Thereby, this study makes a significant contribution to the ongoing debate about the nexus of ecological innovation and firm financial performance.
Family Embeddedness Is Detrimental to Going Green: Family Involvement and Green Strategies
Authors: Ali Asif , Shen Zunhuan , An Pengbei , Ali Farman , Ali Imran
Published: February 2025

We investigate the intensely debated but unexplored question of how family involvement affects corporate green strategies. Employing a dataset of 4750 firm‐year observations over the period of 2015–2021 of Chinese A‐listed family firms, our empirical findings indicate that family involvement has a negative and significant relationship with corporate green strategies. These outcomes are consistent with the socio‐emotional wealth (SEW) “dark side.” Our outcomes suggest that this relationship is strengthened in highly polluted firms. Furthermore, we employ a series of additional checks, namely, alternative measures, endogeneity test, count data models, family involvement measures, future impact test, the explanatory variable lag by one period, sample change and heterogeneity test, and the outcomes of all these tests show that baseline findings remain robust after employing a series of these tests. The given study has crucial theoretical and practical implications for regulators, policymakers and practitioners, especially because it provides key insights into the inside stakeholders of family firms. To promote environmental efforts in family‐involved firms, policymakers ought to enact legislation or specific incentives. When assessing a company's sustainability commitment, stakeholders and investors should also take family involvement into consideration.
‘Pedagogical Perspectives to Ponder’: Engaging With Social Justice—An Integrative Pedagogy of Discomfort and Love in Psychotherapy
Authors: O'Brien Charlotte , Charura Divine
Published: February 2025

Background

The purpose of this perspective piece is to illuminate the urgency of focussing on pedagogical approaches that facilitate social justice and anti‐discriminatory practice. We propose novel experiential activities for the classroom, which can then be applied to the diverse contexts and communities where trainees live.

Aim

The aim of this paper is to propose a pedagogical prime to be utilised by psychotherapeutic training educators, to help trainees to engage with the use of anti‐discriminatory and socially just practices early in a their academic training.

Materials and Method

A pedagogical prime of experiential learning activities for social justice and anti‐discriminatory practice is proposed. Examples of engaging with an integrative pedagogy of discomfort and love in psychotherapy training are presented as a method for facilitating a depth of reflective practice.

Results

The process of engaging with this pedagogical prime has a powerful impact on self‐awareness, reflective and reflexive practice. These facilitate the trainees' personal and professional development, and integration of theory and practice. The pedagogical prime activities also serve to develop culturally informed, anti‐oppressive and relational attributes as part of a firm commitment to social justice.

Discussion

Attainment of these attributes in social justice and anti‐discriminatory practice enable trainees not only to develop into professional psychotherapeutic practitioners, but also into global citizens with an awareness of social justice. As educators, we have a responsibility to continue to work to decolonise the curriculum, starting at the grass‐roots level with how we engage pedagogically with anti‐discriminatory, socially just language in the classroom. As psychotherapeutic practitioners, we are also ethically required by law to engage in anti‐discriminatory practices whilst serving diverse populations, yet we often lag behind in training approaches which aspire towards social justice.

Conclusion

This paper advocates for further research into the proposed pedagogic prime, utilising an integrated pedagogy of discomfort with a pedagogy of love. It also advocates for early lessons on language in psychotherapeutic and psychological training programmes, shifting the focus of social justice and anti‐discriminatory practice to the forefront of trainees’ consciousness from the start of training.
Post‐game fights, flag planting can expose schools to liability
Authors: O’Brien Timothy
Published: February 2025

Upset victories on an opponent's home field or court often result in an explosion of emotion by the members of the victorious team. Excited players, coaches, and staff members often jump up and down and run excitedly all around, embracing one another, relishing the accomplishment, and spontaneously celebrating a thrilling victory.
Did court dismiss student's Title IX claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: February 2025

A 21‐year‐old student at Indiana University was found disoriented and partially nude on campus. The Indiana University Police Department responded to the incident, and emergency medical services transported her to IU Health Bloomington Hospital.
Why Female Virtual Conversational Agents Exhibit Greater Social Presence: Insights From the Stereotype Content Model
Authors: Nickel Kristina , Meyer Caroline
Published: February 2025

In recent years, companies have increasingly adopted virtual conversational agents (VCAs) to interact with their consumers. A significant number of these agents are assigned to a specific gender, typically female, thereby reinforcing gender‐related stereotypes. This work employs the stereotype content model (SCM), especially focusing on the two subdimensions sociability and morality, to investigate how the VCA's gender impacts social presence in two studies (Study 1: avatars; Study 2: chatbots). Both studies show an indirect effect of the VCA's gender (female) on social presence through sociability, but not through morality. Contrary to expectations, the indirect effect through sociability is significant for both male and female consumers. The findings indicate that the indirect effect is robust across different product categories (i.e., finance, fashion, holiday trip, and toothbrush) and types of VCAs (i.e., visual and verbal). This research demonstrates how established stereotype theories (i.e., SCM) can serve as a valuable framework for exploring human‐machine communication. Moreover, the results provide a fundamental basis for addressing and reducing the persistence of gender stereotypes, initiating a more extensive discussion about the ethical considerations related to interactions between humans and technology.
Gallic Acid Derivatives Are the Active Ingredients of the Optimized Phenolic Extracts of Chinese Tallow Tree
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Guo Yiran , Fu Rao
Published: February 2025

The Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb) (CTT) is a valuable forest resource, and its leaves have long been utilized in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of various diseases, primarily due to the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds. In this study, a simple ultrasonic‐assisted phenolic extraction method was established using response surface methodology. The highest total phenolic content was obtained by extracting with 40% ethanol (v/v) in a solid‐liquid ratio (g/mL) of 1:48 for 20 min at 30°C, employing an ultrasonic bath with a power of 270 W and a frequency of 40 kHz. Using the optimized phenolic extract, a non‐target metabolomics approach was adopted to evaluate the antioxidant ingredients of the CTT. Most of the identified phenolic compounds were depleted after reacting with free radicals, indicating their significant contribution to the antioxidant activity of CTT leaves. Among them, gallic acid derivatives, geraniin, and ethyl gallate were identified as the predominant antioxidant ingredients. Overall, a simple ultrasonic‐assisted phenolic extraction method was optimized, and the antioxidant ingredients of the valuable CTT leaves were identified. These findings significantly promote the development and application of CTT leaves.
Biological and in Silico Studies of a Novel Pyrazolo[3,4‐d] Thiazole Derivatives: Anticancer, Anti‐inflammatory, Molecular Docking and SAR
Authors: El Behery Mohammed , El-Namaky Ruwaida I. , Abu Almaaty Ali H. , El-Deen Ibrahim M.
Published: February 2025

This study synthesized and evaluated a series of novel 1,3,5‐trisubstituted‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐d]thiazole derivatives (5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, and 7) for their cytotoxic, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The cytotoxic activity of these derivatives was evaluated against MCF‐7  and HepG2 cell lines. Compound 6b demonstrated the most potent anticancer activity, with IC50 values of 15.57 ± 2.93 µg/mL for MCF‐7 cells and 43.72 ± 1.90 µg/mL for HepG2 cells, demonstrating greater efficacy than doxorubicin. Mechanistic studies revealed that compound 6b induced S‐phase arrest in MCF‐7 cells and G1/S‐phase arrest in HepG2 cells, along with a significant increase in apoptosis rates in the treated cancer cells. Moreover, compound 6b demonstrated significant VEGFR‐2 inhibition, surpassing the efficacy of sorafenib. Compounds 5b and 6b demonstrated significant anti‐inflammatory activity in RAW264.7 macrophage cells, as indicated by the decrease in nitric oxide (NO) production and the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α. The derivatives exhibited no cytotoxicity towards normal cell lines (MCF‐10A, THLE‐2, and Vero cells), as validated by MTT assays. Docking studies elucidated the interaction mechanism between the compounds and the enzyme receptors. These findings demonstrate compound 6b as a promising candidate for the development of dual‐function anticancer and anti‐inflammatory agents.
Potential Ligands to Resistin Against Prostate Cancer, Evaluated by Molecular Docking and In Vitro Assays to Develop an Anticancer Drug
Authors: Rivera‐Suárez Bryan A. , García González Victor G. , Chimal‐Vega Brenda , Navarro Padrón Anna C. , Galindo‐Hernández Octavio , Vique‐Sánchez José L.
Published: February 2025

Overweight and obesity are risk factors that increase the white adipose tissue (WAT) that promotes the release of adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, and resistin). The increase of the resistin levels contributes to different cellular processes; regulation in the metabolism, inflammation process, and particularly in messengers in some cancer types. Resistin promotes cell proliferation and migration. Therefore, resistin is proposed as a multipotential therapeutic target to treat different diseases, and in this study, we focus on the regulation of resistin and its effect on prostate cancer. This study proposes compounds selective to resistin, these were selected and evaluated by molecular docking and in vitro assays, to develop a new drug against the resistin´s functions related to interaction with their potential receptors (Δ‐DCN, TLR4, and CAP‐1). These molecules with pharmacological characteristics are capable of interacting in the regions of resistin to hinder/block the interaction between resistin and their possible receptors (Δ‐DCN, TLR4, and CAP‐1). We determined two compounds that showed to be selective against resistin by in vitro assays. In this way, this study proposes compounds that were developed to be selective against resistin, and it could decrease the effect known of resistin by their receptors related to the proliferation of cancer.
Applications of Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation in Biosensing
Authors: Huang Huizhen , Hu Jun
Published: February 2025

Phase separation, particularly liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS), has emerged as a powerful tool in biological research, offering unique advantages for visualizing and analyzing biomolecular interactions. This review highlights recent advances in leveraging LLPS to develop experimental techniques for studying protein‐protein interactions (PPIs), protein‐RNA interactions, and enzyme activity. The integration of LLPS with advanced techniques has expanded its applications, offering new possibilities for unraveling the complexities of cellular function and disease mechanisms. Looking forward, the development of more versatile, sensitive, and targeted LLPS‐based methods is poised to transform molecular biology, providing deeper insights into cellular dynamics and facilitating therapeutic advancements.
Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk of Mortality and Major Adverse Limb Events After Femoral Artery Endovascular Revascularization for Peripheral Artery Disease: The Boston Femoral Artery Endovascular Revascularization Outcomes (Boston FAROUT) Study
Authors: Evans Peter , Sobieszczyk Piotr , Eisenhauer Andrew C. , Todoran Thomas M. , Kinlay Scott
Published: February 2025

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with worse outcomes in peripheral artery disease (PAD). The impact of the severity of CKD on mortality and major adverse limb events (MALE) after endovascular revascularization of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) is unknown.

Aims

To assess the relationship of increasing severity of CKD on the risk of mortality and MALE in patients after endovascular revascularization of the SFA.

Methods

We followed a cohort of 202 patients (253 limbs) with SFA endovascular revascularization for claudication or chronic limb‐threatening ischemia in two academic centers between 2003 and 2011. Patients were categorized into four Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) categories of increasingly worse CKD based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The primary outcome was all‐cause death. Secondary outcomes included cardiovascular death, noncardiovascular death, and MALE. The relationship between CKD severity and outcomes was assessed by hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) from cause‐specific multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and Fine‐Gray competing risks analyses.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 9.3 years, there was a graded and increasing risk of all‐cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality with worse eGFR (all tests of trend p < 0.001). The lowest eGFR category (< 45 mL/min/1.73 m²) was associated with the highest risk of all‐cause mortality (HR = 5.0, 95% CI = 2.4, 10), cardiovascular mortality (HR = 5.8, 95% CI = 1.8, 18), and noncardiovascular mortality (HR = 4.5, 95% CI = 1.9, 11). There was no significant association between CKD severity and MALE or minor revascularization events.

Conclusion

The risk of mortality risk after SFA endovascular revascularization incrementally increases with decreasing renal function. However, impaired renal function is not related to the risk of adverse limb events and supports femoral revascularization in these patients.
Necrotizing Pancreatitis in a Patient Diagnosed With SLE: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Javid Maryam , Damideh Tohid , Pourbagherian Omid , Jafarpour Mehdi
Published: February 2025

Necrotizing pancreatitis is an extremely rare but serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Early recognition and appropriate treatment, including steroids and immunosuppressive therapy, are critical for improving outcomes in SLE patients with this condition.
Navigating the Hazards: A Case Study on the Complexities of Battery Ingestion in an Adult
Authors: Dang Ashujot K. , Choday Prithi , Buitrago Carlos , Saffouri George
Published: February 2025

This case underscores the potential for prolonged colonic retention of ingested batteries (even over a month) necessitating endoscopic retrieval. Early detection, prompt intervention, and preventive measures are crucial to prevent life‐threatening complications in high‐risk patients. Additionally, outpatient scheduled follow‐ups and management of recurring ingestions may help improve patient outcomes.
Severe Actinomycotic Discitis Osteomyelitis and Bacteremia in an Immunocompetent Adult Following Dental Cleaning: A Case Report
Authors: Khan Malik W. Z. , Moeez Abdul , Farooq Sameen , Azeem Touba , Ahmad Muhammad , Ali Aizaz , Khan Faheemullah
Published: February 2025

Actinomycotic vertebral osteomyelitis is a rare but severe condition, even in immunocompetent individuals, following routine dental procedures. Prompt recognition, multidisciplinary management, and tailored antibiotic therapy are crucial for optimizing outcomes. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for Actinomyces in patients with unexplained spinal infections and recent dental interventions.
The S1Q3T3 Electrocardiographic Abnormality as a Result of Massive Empyema due to Pyogenic Liver Abscess: A Case Report
Authors: Mohammadi Mahmonir , Valizadeh Mahnaz , Rahmani‐ju Nasrin , Khosravaninezhad Yasamin
Published: February 2025

The S1Q3T3 pattern on the electrocardiogram is often associated with right heart strain in pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, and acute lung diseases causing acute cor pulmonale. The S1Q3T3 pattern during acute massive empyema in the setting of a liver abscess has not been reported in theliterature. We present a case report of a 41‐year‐old Iranian female patient with a sudden onset chest pain, dyspnea, sinus tachycardia, and electrocardiography findings of S1Q3T3 pattern, who was revealed to have an expanding pyogenic pleural effusion as a result of trans‐diaphragmatic extension of a liver abscess. The other causes of S1Q3T3 were excluded. The patient underwent the insertion of a chest tube to remove the pus. After chest tube insertion, the S1Q3T3 pattern resolved. Despite initial improvement, the patient developed complications, including pleural adhesions and lung collapse, and required a posterolateral thoracotomy with decortication. This resulted in dramatic clinical improvement. Rapidly expanding massive pyogenic pleural effusion can lead to the S1Q3T3 pattern on the electrocardiogram.
Unusual Etiology of an Ischemic Stroke: Total Thrombosis of the Right Internal Carotid Artery in a Case Report
Authors: Nacanabo Wendlassida Martin , Seghda Taryètba André Arthur , Tall/Thiam Anna , Yameogo Nobila Valentin , Samadoulougou André Koudnoaga , Zabsonre Partice
Published: February 2025

This case presents an unusual finding of total thrombosis of the right internal carotid artery complicated by a large patch of cerebral ischaemia in the right parieto‐temporo‐occipital and right capsulo‐lenticulo‐thalamic regions. The patient was managed mainly with medication, due to the lack of human and material resources required for any intervention.
Robotic‐Assisted Radical Cystectomy and Acute Intraoperative Hyperkalemia: A Case Series
Authors: Khalili Amro , Raphael Christian K. , Shreim Rasha , Nafeh Nancy Abou , Karam Cynthia
Published: February 2025

Taking into consideration the effects of pneumoperitoneum on kidney function, anesthesiologists should diligently monitor potassium levels during robotic‐assisted radical cystectomy, particularly during prolonged ureter clamping, in the presence of chronic kidney disease, administration of renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system‐blocking medications, or when there is a high risk of rhabdomyolysis.
Popliteal Artery Rupture: A Rare but Life‐Threatening Complication of Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Willett Yanna , Meli Gabrielle , Meli Paul , Lack Benjamin , Benson Katerina , Kitsantas Panagiota , Hennekens Charles H.
Published: February 2025

Popliteal artery rupture is a rare but life‐threatening complication of total knee arthroplasty. In order to prevent dangerous outcomes, such as amputation or death, immediate vascular intervention is needed. This case highlights the importance of intraoperative vigilance and prompt action to mitigate these risks.
Coinfection by Mucoraceae and Aspergillus Species in a Patient With Acute Leukemia: A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Hakamifard Atousa , Peikar Mohammadsaleh , Tabatabaei Seyed Amirhossein Dormiani
Published: February 2025

The concurrent occurrence of invasive mold infections caused by two distinct fungal species in hematologic patients represents a rare and challenging condition. The mortality rate associated with these invasive fungal infections in neutropenic patients is high, underscoring the importance of timely diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment to improve clinical outcomes. Herein, we present a concomitant acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFR) and invasive pulmonary fungal infection caused by Aspergillus and Mucoraceae species in a patient with pre‐B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This case highlights the need for further research to optimize outcomes in immunocompromised patients.
Emphysematous Pyelonephritis: A Conservative Approach
Authors: Veiga Carolina , Sevivas Rita , Paulo Gabriela , Coelho Ilda
Published: February 2025

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is an entity most commonly treated through surgery, with the associated risks and complications; the use of a more conservative approach, using antibiotics alone in selected patients, may prove to have favorable outcomes with fewer complications and risks, as described in this case.
Stent Crumpling as a Complication of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, a Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Mehrpooya Maryam , Vahidi Hamed , Taheri Maryam , Ebrahimi Pouya
Published: February 2025

Stent crumpling is a rare but potentially life‐threatening complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This report highlights a case of stent crumpling during a PCI procedure, its management, and the importance of advanced imaging techniques in diagnosing and addressing such complications. A 78‐year‐old man was admitted for elective PCI on the left anterior descending (LAD) artery following an acute anterior ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with thrombolytic therapy. The patient exhibited significant ischemic changes on his electrocardiogram (ECG) and experienced persistent angina. During the PCI, two overlapping stents were deployed in the LAD. Post‐dilation led to slow flow and thrombus formation in the LAD, rapidly progressing to cardiac arrest. Immediate resuscitation and intracoronary thrombolytic therapy were initiated. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) revealed stent crumpling, so the proximal stent folded within the vessel lumen. To solve this issue, the crumpled stent was crushed behind a newly deployed stent, followed by post‐dilation, which restored TIMI flow grade III in the LAD.
The Occult Insulinoma Was Localized Using Endoscopic Ultrasound Guidance: A Case Report
Authors: Guo Zhongqiu , Chen Yanrong , Liu Ronghuo , Chen Yuhua
Published: February 2025

Insulinomas are the primary etiology of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, which often manifest with Whipple’s triad and neuroglycopenic symptoms. Given the diverse clinical manifestation and subtle onset of insulinomas generally in a small size, detecting a minority of these generally small tumors can be challenging. We reported a case of a 44‐year‐old female patient with recurrent hypoglycemia accompanied by hyperinsulinemia, and the conventional imaging revealed no abnormality. With the aid of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (EUS‐FNAB), the insulinoma was precisely diagnosed and localized, and successfully excised via operation. The patient’s hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemic episodes were relieved significantly after surgery. The application of EUS‐FNAB notably enhances the diagnostic accuracy for occult insulinomas, thereby informing appropriate surgical management. Herein, we advocate for invasive EUS examination in patients exhibiting strong clinical and laboratory indicators of insulinoma, even when conventional imaging results are negative.
Nickel doped carbon nanomaterial Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Unsymmetrical Urea using Methanol as H2 Source
Authors: Kamaraj Kiruthigadevi , Dixneuf Pierre H. , Sundaram Ganesh Babu , Bheeter Charles Beromeo
Published: February 2025

Breaking the strong resonance effect of unsymmetrical ureas has been a significant challenge, particularly through catalytic hydrogenation. The Ni‐dC heterogeneous catalyst was specifically designed to achieve the transfer hydrogenation of unsymmetrical ureas using methanol as a hydrogen source for the synthesis of aniline. In this work, we present a straightforward and effective heterogeneous Ni‐dC catalyst as a promising candidate for the synthesis of amines by disrupting the resonance of unsymmetrical ureas. The Ni‐dC material was prepared through pyrolysis, and its crystallinity, chemically functional pores, and structural variations were crucial for this transformation. The scope of this catalytic method was demonstrated using various unsymmetrical urea derivatives. A key advantage of this protocol is the reusability of the Ni‐dC catalyst for up to five cycles, maintaining catalytic efficiency. The core of this approach lies in the ability of Ni‐dC to generate hydrogen from methanol and destabilize the resonance of unsymmetrical ureas, leading to the selective formation of the corresponding amines.
Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts toward Nitrate Reduction Reaction for Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Wang Zhili , Ding Guopeng , Jiang Qing
Published: February 2025

Ammonia (NH3) is not only an essential raw material for the production of nitrogenous fertilizers but also a promising carbon‐free energy carrier. The electrocatalytic NO3− reduction reaction (eNO3RR) not only solves the NO3− pollution but also facilitates renewable NH3 production under ambient conditions. However, the NH3 productivity is still too low to meet the requirements for practical applications. Thus, suitable electrocatalysts are required. This review highlights the latest important progresses of electrocatalysts for eNO3RR. Firstly, the reaction pathways of eNO3RR are reviewed briefly. Then, various electrocatalysts including noble metal and non‐noble metal materials for eNO3RR are reviewed, with a special emphasis on the relationship between their structures and eNO3RR performance. Lastly, the challenges and prospects in this field are discussed. This review may provide a guide for development of efficient electrocatalysts for eNO3RR.
Underground tunnel construction for environmental protection and resident consideration
Authors: Tomita Teppei
Published: February 2025

A 1800 m long tunnel is planned in Tokyo, with a section width of 10 m and an excavated cross‐section of 70 m2 for each of the two tunnels. The ground consists of unconsolidated sand, and the conventional tunneling method will be used. Two main challenges need to be addressed: (1) The tunnel passes near wetlands inhabited by sensitive species and invaluable ecosystems, necessitating hydraulic and perimeter surveys to assess the potential impact of excavation on the environment. To mitigate these effects, the tunnel alignment was planned to avoid sensitive wetland areas. A waterproof structure was also designed, incorporating a 3D shell‐spring analysis and reinforced bar placement at critical crossings. A Building/Construction Information Modeling, Management model was also developed for precise planning. (2) The tunnel portal is located near residential areas, requiring careful consideration of the surrounding environment. 3D simulations were conducted to evaluate noise levels in the temporary yard to manage noise pollution, and soundproofing measures were implemented. A 3D noise map was also created to facilitate clear communication with residents during explanatory meetings, ensuring transparency and minimizing disturbance. These solutions ensure the project progresses with minimal environmental and residential impact.
Comprehensive review on types of pest attacks in paddy cultivation and botanical control measures
Authors: Mohammad Mohammad Yasin , Jahan A. S. S. , Sujarajini V. , Haniffa Haroon M.
Published: February 2025

Paddy cultivation plays a pivotal role in ensuring global food security, yet it encounters persistent challenges posed by diverse pest species. This comprehensive review delves into the prevalent types of pest attacks in paddy fields and scrutinizes the efficacy of biological control methods, specifically focusing on botanical pesticides. Commencing with an overview highlighting key pest species and their detrimental effect on yield, the review encompasses an extensive examination of traditional pest control methods alongside the limitations associated with chemical interventions. Particular emphasis is placed on evaluating the feasibility of botanical pesticides in regulating pest populations, meticulously weighing their advantages, constraints, and future prospects. Ultimately, this study summarizes key findings that highlight the effectiveness of botanical pesticides in managing particular pests. The resultant insights significantly contribute to advancing the understanding of sustainable pest management practices within paddy cultivation, paving the way for informed strategies in agricultural sustainability.
Spin Crossover Composite Film as Recyclable Catalyst for Acetalization Reaction
Authors: Lai Yongjian , Carrasco Romain , Enríquez-Cabrera Alejandro , Routaboul Lucie , Bousseksou Azzedine
Published: February 2025

Polymer‐based composite films represent a promising approach for developing recyclable catalysts. In this study, a [Fe(NH2trz)3](NO3)2 @TPU composite film with spin crossover properties was fabricated using the blade casting method. Various characterisation techniques confirmed the uniform distribution of [Fe(NH2trz)3](NO3)2 particles within the TPU matrix, while maintaining the spin‐crossover properties of the embedded complex. The composite film exhibited excellent catalytic efficiency and reusability in acetalization reaction, enabling efficient catalysis for up to 11 cycles under batch conditions and sustained activity for 7 hours under flow conditions. In addition, the color of the film served as a convenient visual indicator of its suitability for reuse in subsequent catalytic reactions. This study demonstrates that [Fe(NH2trz)3](NO3)2 @TPU composite film can serve as an effective and recyclable catalysts for acetalization reactions.
Ball‐Milling Assisted Synthesis of Monofluoroalkenes
Authors: Chen He , Barreto Shauna , Solomin Vitalii , Dubouilh-Benard Carole , Couve-Bonnaire Samuel , Bouillon Jean-Philippe , Castanheiro Thomas
Published: February 2025

A solvent‐free synthesis of valuable monofluoroalkenes was developed under ball‐milling agitation. The use of 1.0 equivalent of carbonyl substrates and 1.1 equivalent of fluorophosphonoacetate derivatives with a weak inorganic base enabled the formation of the desired products after 30 min of reaction under sustainable conditions with minimized synthetic waste. No sequential addition of base, fluorophosphonate, and carbonyl substrates was needed, and the desired products were obtained with high purity only after a simple filtration. The protocol showed general efficiency and tolerance to a large panel of carbonyl substrates including aldehydes and ketones, as well as fluorophosphonoacetate derivatives with moderate stereoselectivities and yields ranging from 21 % to 99 % (48 examples).
Selective leaching of neodymium from NdFeB carbonyl residues using hydrochloric acid
Authors: Li Yida , Dong Liping , Li Bo , Shi Pei , Li Yun , Zheng Nianke , Yang Hao , Ren Zhongqi , Zhou Zhiyong
Published: February 2025

An efficient recovery method of valuable metals from NdFeB carbonyl residues with ultra‐low rare earth content was developed. Selective leaching of NdFeB carbonyl residues was carried out using hydrochloric acid, and the leaching conditions were investigated and optimized. The experimental results showed that the optimum operating conditions for hydrochloric acid leaching were as follows: concentration of 2.5 mol/L, leaching temperature of 60°C, leaching time of 0.5 h, leaching solid–liquid ratio of 1:2 (g/mL), and rotational speed of 600 rpm during the leaching process. At this time, the leaching rate of neodymium in the carbonyl residues of NdFeB was 46.67%, and the leaching rate of iron was around 0.01%. The use of hydrochloric acid leaching had a high selectivity for Nd and Fe in the carbonyl residues. Neutralization and removal of impurities from the leach solution was carried out using NaOH and the pH of the leach solution was set to 4.0, at which time the removal of Fe was 76.52%. The neodymium in the leach solution was directly recovered by oxalic acid precipitation method, and the dosage of oxalic acid was 1.2 times of the theoretical dosage of oxalic acid, at which the recovery rate of neodymium was 96.38%, and the purity of the rare earth oxides obtained was 99.95%.