bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Empiric Antibiotics for Acute Osteomyelitis in Children
Authors: McBride Sarah , Thurm Cary , Gouripeddi Ramkiran , Stone Bryan , Jaggard Phil , Shah Samir S. , Tieder Joel S. , Butcher Ryan , Weiser Jason , Hall Matt , Keren Ron , Landrigan Christopher P.
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVES:

Broad-spectrum antibiotics are commonly used for the empiric treatment of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and often target methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with medication-associated risk and unknown treatment benefit. We aimed to compare clinical outcomes among patients with osteomyelitis who did and did not receive initial antibiotics used to target MRSA.

METHODS:

A retrospective cohort study of 974 hospitalized children 2 to 18 years old using the Pediatric Health Information System database, augmented with clinical data. Rates of hospital readmission, repeat MRI and 72-hour improvement in inflammatory markers were compared between treatment groups.

RESULTS:

Repeat MRI within 7 and 180 days was more frequent among patients who received initial MRSA coverage versus methicillin-sensitive S aureus (MSSA)–only coverage (8.6% vs 4.1% within 7 days [P = .02] and 12% vs 5.8% within 180 days [P < .01], respectively). Ninety- and 180-day hospital readmission rates were similar between coverage groups (9.0% vs 8.7% [P = .87] and 10.9% vs 11.2% [P = .92], respectively). Patients with MRSA- and MSSA-only coverage had similar rates of 72-hour improvement in C-reactive protein values, but patients with MRSA coverage had a lower rate of 72-hour white blood cell count normalization compared with patients with MSSA-only coverage (4.2% vs 16.4%; P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS:

In this study of children hospitalized with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis, early antibiotic treatment used to target MRSA was associated with a higher rate of repeat MRI compared with early antibiotic treatment used to target MSSA but not MRSA. Hospital readmission rates were similar for both treatment groups.
An Investigation of Drug–Drug Interaction Alert Overrides at a Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Humphrey Kate , Jorina Maria , Harper Marvin , Dodson Brenda , Kim Seung-Yeon , Ozonoff Al
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVES:

Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) can result in patient harm. DDI alerts are intended to help prevent harm; when the majority of alerts presented to providers are being overridden, their value is diminished. Our objective was to evaluate the overall rates of DDI alert overrides and how rates varied by specialty, clinician type, and patient complexity.

METHODS:

A retrospective study of DDI alert overrides that occurred during 2012 and 2013 within the inpatient setting described at the medication-, hospital-, provider-, and patient encounter–specific levels was performed at an urban, quaternary-care, pediatric hospital.

RESULTS:

There were >41 000 DDI alerts presented to clinicians; ∼90% were overridden. The 5 DDI pairs that were most frequently presented and overridden included the following: potassium chloride–spironolactone, methadone–ondansetron, ketorolac–ibuprofen, cyclosporine–fluconazole, and potassium chloride–enalapril, each with an alert override rate of ≥0.89. Override rates across provider groups ranged between 0.84 and 0.97. In general, patients with high complexity had a higher frequency of alert overrides, but the rates of alert overrides for each DDI pairing did not differ significantly.

CONCLUSIONS:

High rates of DDI alert overrides occur across medications, provider groups, and patient encounters. Methods to decrease DDI alerts which are likely to be overridden exist, but it is also clear that more robust and intelligent tools are needed. Characteristics exist at the medication, hospital, provider, and patient levels that can be used to help specialize and enhance information transmission.
Mandibular Distraction for Micrognathia in Neonates
Authors: Zimmerman Carrie E. , Humphries Laura S. , Roy Tulsi , Reid Russell R.
Published: May 2018

Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) comprises the clinical triad of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and upper airway obstruction, with a reported incidence of 0.5 to 2.1 per 10,000 live births. The mainstay of management involves prompt diagnosis of airway obstruction and airway management. The gold standard surgical intervention for management of symptomatic micrognathia is mandibular lengthening by distraction osteogenesis (MDO) to anteriorly reposition a retroflexed tongue and relieve obstruction. Although MDO is often successful in the short-term in relieving upper airway obstruction and/or avoiding the need for permanent tracheostomy, the long-term effects of MDO are not yet elucidated.
Best academic practices in students of the Plan of Combined Studies in Medicine
Authors: Varela Tania Vives , Barreto Samuel Eloy Gutiérrez , Steinbruch Ana Flisser , Torres Tanya Plett , Flisser Gina Martinez , Sutton Alicia Hamui
Published: May 2018

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Since 2011, students of the Faculty of Medicine of the National Autonomous University of Mexico with an outstanding academic record and a vocation for biomedical, socio-medical and clinical research, have the opportunity to participate in the Plan of Combined Studies in Medicine (PECEM) which allows to study medicine and a doctorate in medicine in a period of eight years. The purpose of this study is to examine the best academic, institutional and student practices in PECEM, to describe and transfer them to other educational contexts in the health area. An exploratory qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was carried out in PECEM students using the technique of focus groups (FG). A total of 52 students participated from the 6 generations of PECEM. Data from 6 FG was analyzed and best practices were identified in 3 dimensions: 1) institutional context, 2) internal dynamics of the group, and 3) self-regulation.
Risk factors for hemostatic imbalance in patients with inflammatory diseases andneoplasms of ENT organs
Authors: Klys Yu. , Verevka S. , Halenova T. , Vovk T.
Published: May 2018

To undertake a comparative study of some components of haemostatic system in patients with inflammatory diseases and tumors of URT for clarification of their role in pathologic process and for reveal of their informative value for evaluation of the pathologic process' flow. The indices of prothrombine pool, content of tissue activator of plasminogen, inhibitor of plasminogen's acnivator PAI-1, and von Willebrandt factor were tested in groups of patients with inflammatory diseases and tumors of URT-organs in contrast of the same ones in the group healthy donors as well as dependently to the kind and stage of disease. The informative value of all the tested indices as well as their dependence of the kind and the stage of disease were proved. Their differences from the norm prove for deep alterations in haemostatic system's functioning at considered diseases. Obtained data seems to be promising for complex evaluation of the state of patients with inflammatory diseases and tumors of URT-organs.
A RELAÇÃO MÃE-BEBÊ NO CONTEXTO DA DEPRESSÃO PÓS-PARTO: ESTUDO QUALITATIVO
Authors: Greinert Bruna Rafaele Milhorini , Carvalho Eliete dos Reis , Capel Hellen , Marques Andréa Grano , Milani Rute Grossi
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar como a sintomatologia depressiva em mulheres no período pós-parto influencia na relação mãe-bebê. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, em que foram entrevistadas seis mães com idade entre 20 e 38 anos, atendidas em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde e que apresentaram sintomas depressivos no período pós-parto. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados obtidos, a partir da análise de conteúdo, possibilitaram a compreensão de que os sintomas depressivos maternos afetam a relação mãe-bebê e a identificação de três categorias: a ambivalência afetiva na díade, a dificuldade materna na amamentação e a instabilidade no sono do bebê. Conclui-se que a mulher no período gravídico-puerperal necessita de apoio e suporte psicológico, a fim de reconhecer, prevenir e intervir sobre os fatores que interferem na sua saúde mental e promover o desenvolvimento saudável da relação mãe-bebê.
Detecting an ALK Rearrangement via Liquid Biopsy Enabled a Targeted Therapy-based Approach for Treating a Patient with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Calvo Alejandro R , Ibarra Gabriel H , Vibat Cecile Rose T , Singh Veena M
Published: May 2018

Initial diagnostic biopsy procedures often yield insufficient tissue for molecular testing, and invasive surgical biopsies can be associated with significant cost as well as risk to the patient. Liquid biopsy offers an alternative and economical means for molecular characterization of tumors via a simple peripheral blood draw. This case report describes the ability of liquid biopsy to detect an ALK translocation where tissue analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization was negative for the genetic alteration. Identification of an ALK rearrangement in circulating tumor cells from a blood specimen led to sequential targeted therapies that included crizotinib followed by alectinib. The patient demonstrated outstanding clinical response during treatment with each of the prescribed ALK inhibitors. This case demonstrates the clinical utility of Biocept’s liquid biopsy to detect actionable biomarkers by surveying the systemic landscape of a patient’s disease where identification of the same genetic drivers may be missed in analyses of heterogeneous tumor tissue.
Prevalence of stress urinary incontinence and its associated risk factors amongst females attending tertiary referral centre
Authors: Guin Gita , Choudhary Abha , Dadhich Ruchita
Published: May 2018

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the most common diseases in the world, occurring majorly in females. The most common reason of its occurrence in women is: stress urinary incontinence. The frequent and repeated small leaks lead to soreness and excoriation of the vulva, and necessitate frequent changes of underclothing or the constant wearing of the protective clothing. In severe cases the woman’s life becomes a misery; she feels a social outcast and avoids leaving the house.Methods: This study was conducted at Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose medical college and hospital from October 2016 to October 2017. A total of 418 women above 18 years of age who have none of the exclusion criteria (active UTI, pregnancy and 6 weeks postpartum, malignancy, any neurological illness, all patients with true illness) were included. Data was collected using a predesigned proforma meeting the objectives of the study with their consent.Results: We have studied 418 cases out of which 77 (18.4%) cases were found to have stress urinary incontinence.Conclusions: Stress urinary incontinence amongst women is an undiagnosed problem leading to significant suffering. This study signifies how neglected women’s health, post menopause particularly genitourinary health is. It also highlights the simple clinical diagnostic parameters needed to establish the presence of incontinence.
A study of clinical evaluation and management of inguinoscrotal swelling in paediatric age group
Authors: Koranga Himadra , Chandrasekaran R.
Published: May 2018

Background: Inguino-scrotal swellings are one of the commonest problems in infancy and childhood throughout the world. They represent the conditions most frequently requiring surgical repair in the paediatric age group.  In many of these cases, clinical examination may sufﬁce to obtain a deﬁnite diagnosis, but when the diagnosis is inconclusive, ultrasonography can play an important role. Post-operative complications are usually rare following elective operation whereas minor complications do occur after emergency operation. In this study we evaluated various presentations of inguino-scrotal swellings, their management and complications in paediatric age group.Methods: This is a hospital based prospective study, to have an overview of a spectrum of the paediatric cases admitted in the department of surgery with inguino-scrotal swelling that includes 40 patients with age below 13 years, irrespective of sex. Data regarding clinical features, birth history, immunization, family history various blood and radiological investigations was noted. Incidences of associated anomalies, complications and any form of treatment given to the patient were recorded and findings were analysed.Results: Out of 40 cases, all were males with maximum number of cases between the age group of 3-4 years.24 cases were right sided, 12 left sided and 4 bilateral. Hydrocele was associated with 10 of the cases, undescended testis with 2 cases and 1 had encysted hydrocele of the cord. There were no complicated cases like incarceration, obstruction or strangulation. Post-operative complications were noted in 4 cases, out of which 2 were wound haematoma and one case each of wound infection and stitch granuloma.Conclusions: Childhood inguinal hernias are more common on right side due to delay in descent of right testis and males are more commonly affected. Congenital hydrocele may involutes spontaneously, so we should observed at least upto 1 year of age before considering repair but not in the case of congenital inguinal hernia. Inguinal herniotomy in children is a safe and effective operation.
FINANCIAL AND CREDIT IMPERATIVES OF ALTERGLOBALIZATION THE EMERGING MARKETS
Authors: Zvarych R. Y.
Published: May 2018

The article analyzes the financial and credit imperatives of alterglobalization the emerging markets. In the study, it is researched the theory of financial globalization and there are established advantages, benefits and disadvantages of financial globalization for emerging markets. There are defined the main conditions and risks of global financial stability and there are analyzed the capital flows to emerging market economies. In the article, it is researched that the combination of declining global trade and growth would increase corporate vulnerability. It is concluded the distribution of government debt breakdown of emerging market economies in foreign currency and nonresident holdings of local currency. In the research, it is established a correlation between emerging market economy and advanced economy volatilities. In the study, it is proved that disadvantages of financial globalization include availability of crises, shocks, risks, external risks and nonliquidity. In the article, it is developed the financial-credit imperatives of alterglobalization the emerging markets and it is argued the transition of emerging markets to an alternative global model of economic development.
REPROVAÇÃO ESCOLAR E ASPECTOS SOCIAIS E DE SAÚDE: ESTUDO TRANSVERSAL COM ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Santos Raiane Moreira , Gomes Nadirlene Pereira , Mota Rosana Santos , Gomes Nildete Pereira , Couto Telmara Menezes , De Araújo Gleide Santos
Published: May 2018

Objetivo: verificar associação entre reprovação escolar e variável sociodemográfica, sexual/reprodutiva e violência intrafamiliar em adolescentes da rede pública de ensino. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, do tipo transversal. Para verificar associação entre variáveis dependentes e independentes, utilizou-se o programa Stata, cuja análise bivariada foi realizada pelo Teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: a análise dos dados permitiu identificar associação positiva e estatisticamente significante entre reprovação escolar e o fato de ter tido relação sexual. Embora sem significância estatística, o estudo também revelou associação entre vivência de violência psicológica e reprovação escolar. Verificou-se ainda que a problemática guarda relação positiva com as seguintes variáveis: raça negra, não praticar religião, trabalhar para contribuir com o sustento da família e gravidez. Conclusão: a reprovação escolar guarda associação com aspectos sociais e de saúde em adolescentes, a exemplo da iniciação sexual e da vivência de violência psicológica.

Descritores: Adolescente. Enfermagem em saúde pública. Educação em saúde. Serviços de enfermagem escolar.
ESTRESSE OCUPACIONAL EM ENFERMEIROS DA PEDIATRIA: MANIFESTAÇÕES FÍSICAS E PSICOLÓGICAS
Authors: Gomes Fabri Janaína Mengal , Noronha Isabele Da Rosa , Oliveira Elias Barbosa , Kestenberg Celia Caldeira Fonseca , Harbache Laila Maria Andrade , Noronha Isabela Da Rosa
Published: May 2018

Objetivo: verificar a presença de estresse ocupacional em enfermeiros da pediatria e analisar as manifestações físicas e psicológicas de estresse. Metodologia: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal realizado com 22 enfermeiros de unidades de internação pediátrica de um hospital público situado no município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Para a caracterização da amostra, utilizou-se um instrumento estruturado; na verificação de estresse, o Inventário Sintomas de Stress (ISS-Lipp). Resultados: a amostra foi composta, majoritariamente, pelo sexo feminino, com mais de um vínculo empregatício, trabalhando em regime de turnos e cumprindo carga horária acima de 40 horas semanais. Identificou-se a presença de estresse na amostra, sendo as fases de exaustão e resistência as mais prevalentes diante das manifestações psicológicas e físicas verificadas. Conclusão: a amostra apresentou alto nível de estresse cujo adoecimento já se faz presente, considerando-se as manifestações na fase de exaustão.

Descritores: Enfermagem. Pediatria. Estresse ocupacional. Saúde Mental.
SUPORTE SOCIAL SEGUNDO PESSOAS IDOSAS: ESTUDO DE MÉTODO MISTO
Authors: Vilela Talyta Do Carmo , Arreguy-Sena Cristina , Pinto Paulo Ferreira
Published: May 2018

Objetivo: analisar o suporte social de idosos e compreender a representação social elaborada por eles sobre “precisar de alguém”. Método: estudo de método misto realizado em domicílio com pessoas acima de 65 anos adstritas às microáreas de uma unidade de saúde. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 2016, por meio de entrevista gravada e registros realizados no Programa Open Data Kit com base em instrumento contendo a caracterização sociodemográfica, o perfil dos contatos sociais e as abordagens estrutural e processual das representações sociais. Foram realizadas análises estatística descritiva, prototípica e de conteúdo alicerçadas na Teoria de Neuman e das Representações Sociais. Resultados: evidenciou-se que 73,7% tinham mais de 70 anos, eram mulheres (78,4%) e de baixa escolaridade (81,5%). Foram identificados estressores intrapessoais (personalidade), interpessoais (isolamento social) e extrapessoais (distanciamento geográfico). Conclusão: o suporte social de idosos alicerçava-se na família nuclear e contemporâneos (cônjuge e irmãos) e/ou em descendentes (filhos e sobrinhos).

Descritores: Rede Social. Envelhecimento. Enfermagem.
Applying Learning Analytics to Explore the Effects of Motivation on Online Students' Reading Behavioral Patterns
Authors: Sun Jerry Chih-Yuan , Lin Che-Tsun , Chou Chien
Published: May 2018

This study aims to apply a sequential analysis to explore the effect of learning motivation on online reading behavioral patterns. The study’s participants consisted of 160 graduate students who were classified into three group types:  low reading duration with low motivation, low reading duration with high motivation, and high reading duration based on a second-order cluster analysis. After performing a sequential analysis, this study reveals that highly motivated students exhibited a relatively serious reading pattern in a multi-tasking learning environment, and that online reading duration was a significant indicator of motivation in taking an online course. Finally, recommendations were provided to instructors and researchers based on the results of the study.
Free Digital Learning for Inclusion of Migrants and Refugees in Europe: A Qualitative Analysis of Three Types of Learning Purposes
Authors: Castaño-Muñoz Jonatan , Colucci Elizabeth , Smidt Hanne
Published: May 2018

The increasing number of migrants and refugees arriving in Europe places new demands on European education systems. In this context, the role that free digital learning (FDL) could play in fostering inclusion has attracted renewed interest. While the existing literature highlights some general design principles for developing FDL for migrants and refugees, there is little information on the use of FDL at specific education levels, or for specific learning purposes. This paper presents the results of a qualitative study that was carried out as part of the Moocs4Inclusion project of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) between July and December 2016. The study, which has a European focus, disaggregates the analysis of FDL initiatives by what were identified as its three most common purposes: a) language learning, b) civic integration and employment, and c) higher education. For each of these topics, the study sheds light on the approaches used by a wide sample of initiatives, users’ levels of awareness of what is available and take up, and migrants’ and refugees’ perceptions of the current offer. In order to collect the information needed to cover different approaches and perspectives, semi-structured interviews with 24 representatives of 10 FDL initiatives and four focus groups with 39 migrants and refugees were carried out. The results show that there are indeed overlaps between the purposes of FDL initiatives and their design principles. Specific recommendations on how to better design FDL initiatives for migrants and refugees, taking into account their specific purposes, have also been identified.
Connecting OER With Mandatory Textbooks in an EFL Classroom: A Language Theory–Based Material Adoption
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong
Published: May 2018

Systemic functional linguistics (SFL) theory focuses on developing language learners’ meta-linguistic understanding of the interrelation among linguistic form (grammar/vocabulary), meaning, and context. Guided by SFL when using a mandatory textbook and open educational resources, this study investigates how exposure to this blended teaching and learning context may impact English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners’ adjustment to materials used in their learning, as well as their learning practices. By drawing on the written documents of four students written, and on interviews conducted with these students over an academic semester in an EFL writing course, this qualitative study, through content analysis and discourse analysis, shows that the SFL theory-based material adoption did a good job of supporting EFL students in their internalization of language knowledge from both open educational resources and traditional textbooks, while also enabling students to use materials flexibly instead of passively following along with the content in the mandatory textbook. The flexibility of the students participating in the study was particularly reflected by their ability to construct principled knowledge informed by SFL and to independently apply such knowledge to effectively navigate literacy practices (e.g., critical construction and deconstruction of discourses).
Understanding Intersectionality and Resiliency among Transgender Adolescents: Exploring Pathways among Peer Victimization, School Belonging, and Drug Use
Authors: Hatchel Tyler , Marx Robert
Published: May 2018

Transgender youth experience elevated levels of victimization and may therefore report greater drug use than their cisgender peers, yet little is known about protective factors like school belonging that may mediate this relationship. Further, scant research has explored the experiences of youth at the intersection of transgender identity and youth of color status or low socioeconomic status, especially with respect to these multiple minority statuses’ associations with peer victimization, drug use, and school belonging. Using data from the California Healthy Kids Survey, the current study employs structural equation modeling to explore the relationships among school belonging, peer victimization, and drug use for transgender youth. Findings indicate that school belonging does mediate the pathway between peer victimization and drug use for transgender youth and that although youth of color experience greater victimization, they do not engage in greater drug use than their white transgender peers. Based on these results, those concerned with the healthy futures of transgender youth should advocate for more open and affirming school climates that engender a sense of belonging and treat transgender youth with dignity and fairness.
What Temperature of Coffee Exceeds the Pain Threshold? Organoleptical Methodology as Basis for Cancer Risk Assessment Including Feasibility Study
Authors: Dirler Julia , Winkler Gertrud , Lachenmeier Dirk W.
Published: May 2018

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) evaluates “very hot (>65 °C) beverages” as probably carcinogenic to humans. However, there is a lack of research regarding what temperatures consumers actually perceive as “very hot” or as “too hot”. A methodology for organoleptical assessment of such threshold temperatures was developed. The participants were asked to mix a very hot coffee step by step into a cooler coffee. Because of that, the coffee to be tasted was incrementally getting hotter during the test. The participants took a sip at every addition, until they perceive the beverage as too hot for consumption. The protocol was evaluated using 87 participants. Interestingly, the average pain threshold of the test group (67 °C) and the preferred drinking temperature (63 °C) iterated around the IARC threshold for carcinogenicity. The developed methodology was found as fit for the purpose and may be applied in larger studies.
Application of a Hybrid Method for Power System Frequency Estimation with a 0.2-Second Sampled Period
Authors: Lee Chih-Hung , Tsai Men-Shen
Published: May 2018

The signal processing technique is one of the principal tools for diagnosing power quality (PQ) issues in electrical power systems. The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is a frequency analysis technique used to process power system signals and identify PQ problems. However, the DFT algorithm may lead to spectral leakage and picket-fence effect problems for asynchronously sampled signals that contain harmonic, inter-harmonic, and flicker components. To resolve this shortcoming, a hybrid method for frequency estimation based on a second-level DFT approach and a frequency-domain interpolation algorithm to obtain the accurate fundamental frequency of a power system is proposed in this paper. This method uses a second-level DFT to compute the cosine and sine parts for the fundamental frequency components of the acquired signals. Then, a frequency-domain interpolation approach is adopted to determine the amplitude ratio for the cosine and sine parts of the system's fundamental frequency. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed frequency estimation method, the observation window used by this paper to evaluate different estimation algorithms is 200 ms. According to the IEC standards, a 200 ms acquisition window is recommended for power system quality assessment. A set of mixed signals with harmonic, inter-harmonic, and flicker components with the fundamental frequency deviation is used. The evaluation results demonstrate the superiority of the new method over other approaches for assessing asynchronously sampled signals contaminated with noise, harmonic, inter-harmonic, and flicker components.
Diesel Emissions Increase Air Pollution during the Carnival Festival in Salvador, Bahia-Brazil
Authors: Vianna Nelzair A. , Novaes Priscila , Gnoatto Nelson , Miraglia Simone , Saldiva Paulo H. , Andrade Leonardo R.
Published: May 2018

Atmospheric pollution arising from diesel-powered engines can result in acute and chronic diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. The annual carnival festival that takes place in the city of Salvador, Bahia-Brazil, is a large-scale event that gathers approximately 2 m revelers and 170,000 workers who accompany dozens of sound-trucks, or trios elétricos, for a period of seven days. These slow-moving sound-trucks run on diesel fuel, constantly exposing those around them to exhaust fumes. The present study aimed to evaluate air quality along the approximately 10km-long carnival parade circuit and determine possible impacts on human health. We applied a three-phase risk analysis strategy from 2007–2009: 1) hazard identification, 2) risk characterization and 3) risk management. Our quantification of atmospheric particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations revealed variable levels of PM2.5 ranging from 19 µg/m3 to 580 µg/m3, with peaks of up to 800 μg/m3 at sound-truck concentration areas. We then assessed the effects of air pollution on human health using ophthalmologic parameters obtained from 28 carnival volunteers, who often presented symptoms of eye irritation. Finally, we established strategies to communicate the study’s objectives and obtained results to the population through media outlets and open discussions with government agencies. According to our risk analysis, carnival sound-trucks represent the main source of atmospheric PM2.5 and NO2 pollution during the annual 7-day carnival festival. As a consequence of our research, the municipal government of Salvador issued an addendum to its carnival legislation mandating organizers to monitor atmospheric pollution, and, subsequently, all large-scale public events. Municipal government authorities have also promoted a shift from petroleum-based diesel fuel to biodiesel, a less-polluting fuel, for all adapted carnival sound-trucks. Our approach, which employed easily accessible and inexpensive methodology, provided substantial scientific evidence to support improvements in the regulation of air quality during large-scale public events held in the city of Salvador.Keywords: environmental
Public Debt and Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from South Asia
Authors: Saeed Saira , Islam Tanweer
Published: May 2018

It is well established in literature that the public debt and economic growth bear positive and non-linear relationship. However, in recent literature, evidence of no causal relationship is found when accounted for endogeneity in case of advanced economies (Panizza & Presbitero, 2014). Chudik, Mohaddes, Pesaran, & Raissi, (2017) analyse the data on forty countries and find no evidence of universally applicable threshold effect in the relationship between debt and growth. These advancements in the debt-growth literature provides the motivation to re-explore the relationship between public debt and economic growth under non-linearity and endogeneity in context of developing economies of South Asia including Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri-Lanka for the period 1980-2014. There exists a significant, positive but nonlinear relationship between the public debt and economic growth for the selected set of developing countries when accounted for endogeneity and non-linearity. The negative association between the public debt and economic growth for SAARC region is found when the debt level is higher than 61% of GDP which is quite lower than developed economies (90% of GDP). Individual threshold levels for debt-to-GDP ratio divulge that Sri Lanka, Pakistan and India need to control their public borrowings as their current debt levels are higher and/or around the respective threshold levels.
Proportion and Associated Factors of Maternal Near Misses in Selected Public Health Institutions of Keffa, Bench-Maji and Sheka Zones of South Nations Nationalities and Peoples Regional State, South West Ethiopia, 2017.A Crossectional Study
Authors: Yemaneh Yayehyirad , Tiruneh Firew
Published: May 2018

Background: Maternal near-miss refers to a situation where a woman who nearly died but survived from severe life-threatening obstetric complications that occurred during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy. It has been estimated that up to 9 million women survive obstetric complications every year. According to studies done around the world most mothers suffer from Near Miss due to the factors which includes, low socioeconomic status, patient related, health provider related, and health related and health institution related issues. Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the proportion of maternal near misses and its associated factors in Selected Public Health Institutions of Keffa, Bench-Maji and Sheka Zones of South Nations Nationalities and Peoples Regional state, South West Ethiopia, 2017. Methodology: Hospital based cross-sectional study design was employed and simple random sampling techniques (Lottery Method) was used to select the study institution and Systematic sampling technique was used to select 845 study participants every 5th interval. Information was collected by using pre-tested and structured interviewer administered questioner. Using SPSS version 21 software, descriptive statistics and bivariate logistic regression analysis was done and variables with p-value <0.2 were transferred to multivariate analysis and during Multivariate logistic regression analysis Variables with P-value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant and AOR with 95% CI were used to control for possible confounders and to interpret the result. The results were summarized by tables, graphs and charts. Result: There were 5530 Live Births, 227 Sever Acute Maternal Morbidity cases of this 210 were Maternal Near-Misses cases and 17 were maternal deaths, 364 Maternal Near-Misses Events. The overall Maternal Near-Misses Proportion is 24.85%. The maternal Near-Misses outcome ratio was 41 cases/1,000 live births (LB); mortality ratio was 12.35cases/1 maternal death and 74.8/1000LB of mortality index. Parity, residence, distance of living place from hospital, ANC Follow up, duration of labor, and administrative related problems were found to have statistically significant associations. Conclusion: The proportion of Maternal Near-Misses is relatively high when compared to other regional studies and efforts should be done to lower the near-misses.
Transcriptome Analysis of C. elegans Reveals Novel Targets for DON Cytotoxicity
Authors: Di Rong , Zhang Hanzhong , Lawton Michael A.
Published: May 2018

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp. that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease in cereal crops. Ingestion of food contaminated with DON poses serious human health complications. However, the DON cytotoxicity has been mostly deduced from animal studies. In this study, we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a tractable animal model to dissect the toxic effect of DON. Our results indicate that DON reduces the fecundity and lifespan of C. elegans. The real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that DON upregulates innate immunity-related genes including C17H12.8 and K08D8.5 encoding PMK-1 (mitogen activated protein kinase-1)-regulated immune effectors, and F35E12.5 encoding a CUB-like domain-containing protein. Furthermore, our RNAseq data demonstrate that out of ~ 17,000 C. elegans genes, 313 are upregulated and 166 were downregulated by DON treatment. Among the DON-upregulated genes, several are ugt genes encoding UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGTs) which are known to be involved in chemical detoxification. The three upregulated genes, F52F10.4 (oac-32), C10H11.6 (ugt-26) and C10H11.4 (ugt-28) encoding the O-acyltransferase homolog, UGT26 and UGT 28, respectively, are shown to contribute to DON tolerance by RNAi bacterial feeding experiment. The results of this study provide insights to the targets of DON cytotoxicity and potential mitigation measures.
Resumen ejecutivo "Consenso sobre la evaluación y el tratamiento nutricional de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria: anorexia nerviosa, bulimia nerviosa, trastorno por atracón y otros"
Authors: Gómez Candela Carmen , Palma Milla Samara , Miján-de-la-Torre Alberto , Rodríguez Ortega Pilar , Matía Martín Pilar , Loria Kohen Viviana , Campos del Portillo Rocío , Virgili Casas M.ª Nuria , Martínez Olmos Miguel Á. , Mories Álvarez M.ª Teresa , Castro Alija M.ª José , Martín-Palmero Ángela
Published: May 2018

Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) se caracterizan por una alteración persistente de la conducta relacionada con el hecho de alimentarse que impacta negativamente sobre la salud y las capacidades psicosociales de aquellos que los padecen. Se consideran enfermedades psiquiátricas con una gran variabilidad en su presentación y gravedad, con gran repercusión nutricional, lo que condiciona diferentes planteamientos terapéuticos, haciéndose indispensable un enfoque multidisciplinar. Expertos en nutrición hemos decidido crear un grupo de trabajo adscrito a la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral (SENPE), que ha asumido entre sus objetivos el elaborar un documento de consenso que genere un protocolo basado en la mejor evidencia científica posible y en la experiencia profesional, con la finalidad de mejorar la práctica asistencial en este campo.
FINDING BEST METHOD FOR CHILD PRISONER MEDIATION IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSITION BACK INTO COMMUNITY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Sewu Pan Lindawaty , Sirait Yohanes Hermanto , Permanasari Ai
Published: May 2018

Children are the next generation of a state, no exception for child prisoner. There is limitless future for all children in the world, including Indonesia. The problem is, some of child prisoner transform into adult prisoner because their life background makes them hard to rejoin or accepted in any social community. This article aims to examine the best method for child prisoner mediation based on principle of for the best interest of the child. This article is a sociological juridical research, using secondary data and field data as addition. The data collected by using library research and analyzed qualitatively. This article finds that child prisoner mediation will help to provide opportunity for child prisoner and family members or other stakeholder to meet, with the help of a mediator, before release to have an open, honest, and sincere dialogue to prepare for the transition back into the community. The best interest of the child remains as core principle without decreasing other necessary principle in succussing mediation process. Child prisoner mediation is a process of mediation held especially for child prisoner and will restore the future of child prisoner in Indonesia.

Keywords: child prisoner; community; mediation
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE THEORY: STUDY OF THE SUPREME COURT DECISION NUMBER 777/Pid.B/2016/ PN JAKARTA PUSAT
Authors: Wulandari Cahya
Published: May 2018

As the provisions of Article 183 of the Criminal Procedure Code, the system or theory of proof embraced in Indonesia is a negative evidentiary system of law which, in the case of proof, is based on the evidences established in the law which may provide the judge's confidence. Based on the above matter, the existence of Decision Number 777 / Pid.b / 2016 / PN Jakarta Pusat is important to be studied in the judgment. The judge gives the verdict by using circumstantial evidence proof theory. The case was decided entirely using indirect evidence because there was no eye witness or other direct evidence that could prove the indictment. The discussion was conducted using qualitative approach with normative juridical method. Circumstantial evidence is new among practitioners, legal arguments from experts are needed to sharpen the analysis. The juridical review of the use of circumstantial evidence is divided into two categories that are recognized by the KUHAP and which are not recognized. Circumstantial evidence can be a solution for judges in verifying cases that are considered difficult. In a law-based State, the use of circumstantial evidence theory requires the regulation of valid evidence in accordance with the current development of cases.
WHY VILLAGE FUND NOT YET PROMOTING ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY? AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF VILLAGE FUND INCENTIVES IN CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Authors: . Djuwityastuti , Astuti Wida
Published: May 2018

One of the purposes of granting village funds under Village Law Number 6 year 2014 is to support the rural development through the sustainable use of natural and environmental resources. Based on the statistical data from The Ministry of Finance Republic of Indonesia, the grant of village funding since 2015 has increased for each year. However, based on empirical data in The Central Java Province is still in the allocation for physical development (infrastructure sector) and far from environmental sustainability programs. Through research funded by Sebelas Maret University Surakarta, this article will describe (1) factors that hinder the sustainable environmental development and (2) how the way out that can be applied to support sustainable environmental development for subsequent years.
RENEWAL OF LEGAL POLITICS OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS CONCERNING INDONESIA'S LOAN AGREEMENT TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Sumartini Siti
Published: May 2018

The government loan agreement is a tool or mechanism to generate capital, and as a source of national development financing as set forth in the RAPBN framework. However, it is practically reviewed that the status of the foreign loan agreement is inconsistent with existing laws and regulations, in particular Law No.24 of 2000 on the International Agreement (Treaty). In the provisions of the law foreign borrowing is one aspect that is subject to the criteria as an international agreement, whereas in the implementation of the G to G government loan agreement tends to use the international private legal system. In addition, loan agreement clauses often do not accommodate the debtor country's interest in realizing sustainable development. Therefore, a legal political renewal related to the loan agreement is required to fulfill the legal certainty element and can accommodate the national interest.
THE IMPLICATIONS OF EXPANDING THE AUTHORITY OF THE PRETRIAL POST-VERDICT JUDICIAL REVIEW OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT IN DECIDING WHETHER IT IS A VALID DETERMINATION OF THE SUSPECT AGAINST LAW ENFORCEMENT AND THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF THE SUSPECT
Authors: Gumbira Seno Wibowo , Nurhayati Ratna , Wahyuni Purwaningdyah Murti
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are implications of expanding the authority of the pretrial post-verdict judicial review of Constitutional Court in deciding whether it is a valid determination of the suspect against law enforcement and the protection of the rights of the suspect. This research belongs to normative research. The results of this study explain that the interpretation method used in pretrial decision  No:04/Pid.Prap/2015/PN.Jak.Sel is the method of discovery of analogy interpretation law (argumentum per analogiam) is wrong, while the legal interpretation method used in the judicial review judgment of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 / PUU-XII / 2014 is the historical interpretation method (historiche intepretatie) the problem namely, the Constitutional Court has exceeded its original function that is negative legislator became positive legislators form or add a new norm. So that raises the problem that is contrary to the principles of the criminal justice system that is the principle of quick and simple and low budget justice and the principle of litis finiri oportet also inhibits the process of law enforcement settlement.
SPORT DIPLOMACY AND STATE SOVEREIGNTY: CASE STUDY ON INDONESIA’S EFFORT TO GUARD THE SOVEREIGNTY OF PAPUA
Authors: Siburian Erni Eriza , Afriansyah Arie
Published: May 2018

Various efforts are made by Indonesia to maintain sovereignty over Papua. One of the efforts taken by the Government of Indonesia is to conduct sports diplomacy through sports cooperation with Melanesian Searhead Group (MSG) member countries. MSG is one of the most intense international organizations to raise the issue of independent Papua.Through descriptive research with normative juridical approach, the authors examine the rules / legal principles relating to how the role of sports diplomacy as a public diplomacy strategy in maintaining the sovereignty of the state: a case study of Indonesia's efforts in maintaining sovereignty in Papua. Based on this, the researchers concluded that sports diplomacy is an important and effective diplomacy tool in maintaining the sovereignty of the state and can create good image of a country where sports can be used as a tool to show togetherness and bring people closer from different background without being associated with differences in race, skin color, religion, or characteristics.
CONSUMER PROTECTION IN DIGITAL ECONOMY ERA : LAW IN INDONESIA
Authors: Rosadi Sinta Dewi , Tahira Zahra
Published: May 2018

Developments in information and communications technology have significantly influenced and changed lives of peoples by  providing  new opportunities for consumers and businesses.  In digital economic era, an increasing number of consumers engage in e-commerce, which provides easier and faster access to products and services However it also presents some challenges for consumers that differ from offline commercial transactions. The impersonality of e-commerce weakens the relationship between businesses and consumers, thereby increasing consumer vulnerability that could lead to  to unfair commercial practices and causing uncertainty and lack of trust by consumers. Therefore,  there is a need by the government and busineese to promte and protect consumer trust in digital markets so it will not hamper development digital economy
Avaliação dos efeitos da nanosílica em concretos submetidos à ação de íons cloreto
Authors: Zanon Thiago , SCHMALZ ROSANA , Ferreira Fernanda Giannotti da Silva
Published: May 2018

O presente trabalho estudou a influência da nanosílica dispersa em superplastificante, além do seu efeito combinado com a sílica ativa, em diferentes propriedades dos concretos. Foram realizados ensaios de resistência à compressão, resistência à tração por compressão diametral e absorção de água por capilaridade, além de ensaios acelerados de durabilidade frente aos íons cloreto. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a adição de nanosílica de forma isolada (0,1 a 0,5%) não conferiu melhorias aos concretos, em nenhum dos ensaios realizados. No entanto, para os teores de 0,5 e 0,7% de nanosílica em conjunto com 10% de sílica ativa, houve aumento de resistência à compressão, redução da absorção capilar e redução da frente de penetração de cloretos.
The Effect of IPR on the Condition of SMEs Survival; An Empirical Study of 800 SMEs of Company A from 1991 to the End of 2017 in Taiwan
Authors: Ching-Yung Wang
Published: May 2018

Any powerful treatise comes from qualified enough evidence in Scientific Century 21th. Empirical research can supplement that lack of sufficient evidence to build stronger. There are many topics to discuss how important IPRs (Intellectual Property Rights) or ICs (Intellectual Property Rights Capital) are, but lack of advanced analysis for how separate countable IPRs affect SMEs in detail. We utilize 800 enterprises, which have a real trading record with company A from 1991 to 2017 and have paid tax to government, to analyze above problem through correlations, hypothesis and regression methods. The goal of this research is to supplement existing shortage evidence in details not to argue any questions for any researcher. We hope the outcome of this research can be a worthful and a better reference or guidance for those SMEs, or entrepreneurs, or managers, or government…etc. in the future. We know that power of life comes from the condition of Survival, at the same time, all continuous contribution of SMEs come from the condition of SMEs Survival, too. Here, the major goals of this study are how separate countable IPRs affects the condition of SMEs Survival to support those propositions, what emphasize the importance of IPRs. Finally, we suggest a guideline of IPRs investment priority sequence for those leaders or owners of entrepreneurs, SMEs…etc., who plan to make IPRs investment strategy decision.