bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A fast quantum interface between different spin qubit encodings
Authors: Noiri A. , Nakajima T. , Yoneda J. , Delbecq M. R. , Stano P. , Otsuka T. , Takeda K. , Amaha S. , Allison G. , Kawasaki K. , Kojima Y. , Ludwig A. , Wieck A. D. , Loss D. , Tarucha S.
Published: November 2018

Single-spin qubits in semiconductor quantum dots hold promise for universal quantum computation with demonstrations of a high single-qubit gate fidelity above 99.9% and two-qubit gates in conjunction with a long coherence time. However, initialization and readout of a qubit is orders of magnitude slower than control, which is detrimental for implementing measurement-based protocols such as error-correcting codes. In contrast, a singlet-triplet qubit, encoded in a two-spin subspace, has the virtue of fast readout with high fidelity. Here, we present a hybrid system which benefits from the different advantages of these two distinct spin-qubit implementations. A quantum interface between the two codes is realized by electrically tunable inter-qubit exchange coupling. We demonstrate a controlled-phase gate that acts within 5.5 ns, much faster than the measured dephasing time of 211 ns. The presented hybrid architecture will be useful to settle remaining key problems with building scalable spin-based quantum computers.
Compositional adaptability in NPM1-SURF6 scaffolding networks enabled by dynamic switching of phase separation mechanisms
Authors: Ferrolino Mylene C. , Mitrea Diana M. , Michael J. Robert , Kriwacki Richard W.
Published: November 2018

The nucleolus, the site for ribosome biogenesis contains hundreds of proteins and several types of RNA. The functions of many non-ribosomal nucleolar proteins are poorly understood, including Surfeit locus protein 6 (SURF6), an essential disordered protein with roles in ribosome biogenesis and cell proliferation. SURF6 co-localizes with Nucleophosmin (NPM1), a highly abundant protein that mediates the liquid-like features of the granular component region of the nucleolus through phase separation. Here, we show that electrostatically-driven interactions between disordered regions of NPM1 and SURF6 drive liquid-liquid phase separation. We demonstrate that co-existing heterotypic (NPM1-SURF6) and homotypic (NPM1-NPM1) scaffolding interactions within NPM1-SURF6 liquid-phase droplets dynamically and seamlessly interconvert in response to variations in molecular crowding and protein concentrations. We propose a mechanism wherein NPM1-dependent nucleolar scaffolds are modulated by non-ribosomal proteins through active rearrangements of interaction networks that can possibly contribute to the directionality of ribosomal biogenesis within the liquid-like nucleolus.
Olfactory marker protein (OMP) regulates formation and refinement of the olfactory glomerular map
Authors: Albeanu Dinu F. , Provost Allison C. , Agarwal Prateek , Soucy Edward R. , Zak Joseph D. , Murthy Venkatesh N.
Published: November 2018

Inputs from olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) axons expressing the same type of odorant receptor (OR) converge in the glomerulus of the main olfactory bulb. A key marker of mature OSNs is olfactory marker protein (OMP), whose deletion has been associated with deficits in OSN signal transduction and odor discrimination. Here, we investigate glomerular odor responses and anatomical architecture in mice in which one or both alleles of OMP are replaced by the fluorescent synaptic activity reporter, synaptopHluorin. Functionally heterogeneous glomeruli, that is, ones with microdomains with distinct odor responses, are rare in OMP+/– mice, but occur frequently in OMP–/– mice. Genetic targeting of single ORs reveals that these microdomains arise from co-innervation of individual glomeruli by OSNs expressing different ORs. This glomerular mistargeting is locally restricted to a few glomerular diameters. Our studies document functional heterogeneity in sensory input within individual glomeruli and uncover its anatomical correlate, revealing an unexpected role for OMP in the formation and refinement of the glomerular map.
Formation of electron radiation belts at Saturn by Z-mode wave acceleration
Authors: Woodfield E. E. , Horne R. B. , Glauert S. A. , Menietti J. D. , Shprits Y. Y. , Kurth W. S.
Published: November 2018

At Saturn electrons are trapped in the planet’s magnetic field and accelerated to relativistic energies to form the radiation belts, but how this dramatic increase in electron energy occurs is still unknown. Until now the mechanism of radial diffusion has been assumed but we show here that in-situ acceleration through wave particle interactions, which initial studies dismissed as ineffectual at Saturn, is in fact a vital part of the energetic particle dynamics there. We present evidence from numerical simulations based on Cassini spacecraft data that a particular plasma wave, known as Z-mode, accelerates electrons to MeV energies inside 4 RS (1 RS = 60,330 km) through a Doppler shifted cyclotron resonant interaction. Our results show that the Z-mode waves observed are not oblique as previously assumed and are much better accelerators than O-mode waves, resulting in an electron energy spectrum that closely approaches observed values without any transport effects included.
Evolution of a General RNA-Cleaving FANA Enzyme
Authors: Wang Yajun , Ngor Arlene K. , Nikoomanzar Ali , Chaput John C.
Published: November 2018

The isolation of synthetic genetic polymers (XNAs) with catalytic activity demonstrates that catalysis is not limited to natural biopolymers, but it remains unknown whether such systems can achieve robust catalysis with Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Here, we describe an efficient RNA-cleaving 2’-fluoroarabino nucleic acid enzyme (FANAzyme) that functions with a rate enhancement of >106-fold over the uncatalyzed reaction and exhibits substrate saturation kinetics typical of most natural enzymes. The FANAzyme was generated by in vitro evolution using natural polymerases that were found to recognize FANA substrates with high fidelity. The enzyme comprises a small 25 nucleotide catalytic domain flanked by substrate-binding arms that can be engineered to recognize diverse RNA targets. Substrate cleavage occurs at a specific phosphodiester bond located between an unpaired guanine and a paired uracil in the substrate recognition arm. Our results expand the chemical space of nucleic acid enzymes to include nuclease-resistant scaffolds with strong catalytic activity.
Prolonged systemic hyperglycemia does not cause pericyte loss and permeability at the mouse blood-brain barrier
Authors: Mäe Maarja Andaloussi , Li Tian , Bertuzzi Giacomo , Raschperger Elisabeth , Vanlandewijck Michael , He Liqun , Nahar Khayrun , Dalheim Annika , Hofmann Jennifer J. , Laviña Bàrbara , Keller Annika , Betsholtz Christer , Genové Guillem
Published: November 2018

Diabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive impairment and various central nervous system pathologies such as stroke, vascular dementia, or Alzheimer’s disease. The exact pathophysiology of these conditions is poorly understood. Recent reports suggest that hyperglycemia causes cerebral microcirculation pathology and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and leakage. The majority of these reports, however, are based on methods including in vitro BBB modeling or streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rodents, opening questions regarding the translation of the in vitro findings to the in vivo situation, and possible direct effects of streptozotocin on the brain vasculature. Here we used a genetic mouse model of hyperglycemia (Ins2AKITA) to address whether prolonged systemic hyperglycemia induces BBB dysfunction and leakage. We applied a variety of methodologies to carefully evaluate BBB function and cellular integrity in vivo, including the quantification and visualization of specific tracers and evaluation of transcriptional and morphological changes in the BBB and its supporting cellular components. These experiments did neither reveal altered BBB permeability nor morphological changes of the brain vasculature in hyperglycemic mice. We conclude that prolonged hyperglycemia does not lead to BBB dysfunction, and thus the cognitive impairment observed in diabetes may have other causes.
Philippines–Taiwan Oscillations and its connection to tropical cyclone frequency in the western North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Chang Yu-Lin K. , Miyazawa Yasumasa , Kodaira Tsubasa , Behera Swadhin
Published: November 2018

An atmospheric component of the Philippine–Taiwan Oscillations (PTOa) is used to examine its potential connection with tropical cyclone (TC) frequency in the western North Pacific in the period of 1979–2014. During positive PTOa years, more TCs are observed in the tropical western Pacific south of 18 °N where cyclonic wind anomaly appears. On the other hand, anti-cyclonic wind anomaly appears in the subtropics north of 18 °N and is associated with less TC formation there. The opposite wind vorticities in tropics/subtropics and associated variability in TC frequency reverse in negative PTOa phase. Besides, the negative contribution of ocean heat content suggests the relative importance of wind vorticity according to the oceanic cyclone genesis potential index. The PTOa provides a more direct explanation of the TC activity compared to other remotely linked phenomena at least for the past 36 years (1979–2014). Therefore, PTOa can potentially serve as a promising index for diagnosing or forecasting TC activity in the western North Pacific Ocean.
Diverse novel resident Wolbachia strains in Culicine mosquitoes from Madagascar
Authors: Jeffries Claire L. , Tantely Luciano M. , Raharimalala Fara N. , Hurn Eliot , Boyer Sébastien , Walker Thomas
Published: November 2018

Wolbachia endosymbiotic bacteria are widespread throughout insect species and Wolbachia transinfected in Aedes mosquito species has formed the basis for biocontrol programs as Wolbachia strains inhibit arboviral replication and can spread through populations. Resident strains in wild Culicine mosquito populations (the vectors of most arboviruses) requires further investigation given resident strains can also affect arboviral transmission. As Madagascar has a large diversity of both Culicine species and has had recent arboviral outbreaks, an entomology survey was undertaken, in five ecologically diverse sites, to determine the Wolbachia prevalence. We detected diverse novel resident Wolbachia strains within the Aedeomyia, Culex, Ficalbia, Mansonia and Uranotaenia genera. Wolbachia prevalence rates and strain characterisation through Sanger sequencing with multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and phylogenetic analysis revealed significant diversity and we detected co-infections with the environmentally acquired bacteria Asaia. Mosquitoes were screened for major arboviruses to investigate if any evidence could be provided for their potential role in transmission and we report the presence of Rift Valley fever virus in three Culex species: Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex antennatus and Culex decens. The implications of the presence of resident Wolbachia strains are discussed and how the discovery of novel strains can be utilized for applications in the development of biocontrol strategies.
Holevo Capacity of Discrete Weyl Channels
Authors: ur Rehman Junaid , Jeong Youngmin , Kim Jeong San , Shin Hyundong
Published: November 2018

Holevo capacity is the maximum rate at which a quantum channel can reliably transmit classical information without entanglement. However, calculating the Holevo capacity of arbitrary quantum channels is a nontrivial and computationally expensive task since it requires the numerical optimization over all possible input quantum states. In this paper, we consider discrete Weyl channels (DWCs) and exploit their symmetry properties to model DWC as a classical symmetric channel. We characterize lower and upper bounds on the Holevo capacity of DWCs using simple computational formulae. Then, we provide a sufficient and necessary condition where the upper and lower bounds coincide. The framework in this paper enables us to characterize the exact Holevo capacity for most of the known special cases of DWCs.
Homogeneous assay for zearalenone analogues and their docking studies with apo-/holo-estrogen receptors
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wu Wenfu , Song Yifan , Hou Ligang , Li Tiezhu , Guan Tianzhu , Zhang Tiehua , Wang Yongjun
Published: November 2018

A homogeneous assay was developed for zearalenone analogues and the structural basis of their estrogenicity was demonstrated by molecular docking.
Possible relations between supercooled and glassy confined water and amorphous bulk ice
Authors: Swenson Jan
Published: November 2018

A proposed relaxation scenario of bulk water based on studies of confined water and low density amorphous ice.
Tailoring Fano lineshapes using plasmonic nanobars for highly sensitive sensing and directional emission
Authors: Li Guozhou , Hu Hongjin , Wu Lijun
Published: November 2018

Tailoring Fano lineshapes with plasmonic nanoscissors for highly sensitive sensing and directional emission.
Excited state C–N bond dissociation and cyclization of tri-aryl amine-based OLED materials: a theoretical investigation
Authors: Vijaya sundar J. , Subramanian V. , Rajakumar B.
Published: November 2018

Chemical degradation of TAA occurs through the conical intersection present between ground and first excited singlet state with C–N bond dissociation, which channels the excited molecules to dissociate and form radical fragments or cyclized products.
Catalytic deoxygenation of C18 fatty acid over supported metal Ni catalysts promoted by the basic sites of ZnAl2O4 spinel phase
Authors: Li Guangci , Chen Lei , Fan Ruikun , Liu Di , Chen Song , Li Xuebing , Chung Keng H.
Published: November 2018

The supports with various amounts of Zn–Al spinel were synthesized to test catalytic deoxygenation activity of fatty acids, which show that spinel phase increased the basic strength of the catalyst, resulting in a high selectivity to hydrocarbons.
Phosphine-free cobalt catalyst precursors for the selective hydrogenation of olefins
Authors: Puylaert Pim , Dell'Acqua Andrea , El Ouahabi Fatima , Spannenberg Anke , Roisnel Thierry , Lefort Laurent , Hinze Sandra , Tin Sergey , de Vries Johannes Gerardus
Published: November 2018

A phosphine-free Co(NNS)Cl2 complex was used as a catalyst precursor for the highly selective hydrogenation of alkenes in the presence of other functional groups such as ketones.
A two-photon AIEgen for simultaneous dual-color imaging of atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Situ Bo , Gao Meng , He Xiaojing , Li Shiwu , He Bairong , Guo Fengxia , Kang Chunmin , Liu Shan , Yang Lei , Jiang Meijuan , Hu Yanwei , Tang Ben Zhong , Zheng Lei
Published: November 2018

A smart color-switchable AIEgen for two-photon dual-color bioimaging of mouse atherosclerotic plaques with single-excitation is reported.
The impact of processing on the cytotoxicity of graphene oxide
Authors: Gies Valerie , Lopinski Gregory , Augustine Jerry , Cheung Timothy , Kodra Oltion , Zou Shan
Published: November 2018

Base washing had a greater impact on the cytotoxicity of the graphene oxide than sonication or cleaning.
Theoretical study on the influence of electric field direction on the photovoltaic performance of aryl amine organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Xie Miao , Hao Li , Jia Ran , Wang Jinjian , Bai Fu-Quan
Published: November 2018

It is very important to reveal the influence of different electric field directions on dye sensitizers.
Cationic red-emitting probes for the rapid and selective detection of SO2 derivatives in aqueous and cellular environments
Authors: Jana Palash , Patel Nishaben , Soppina Virupakshi , Kanvah Sriram
Published: November 2018

Reaction based rapid detection of trace quantities of sulfite.
Acid–base behaviour and binding to double stranded DNA/RNA of benzo[g]phthalazine-based ligands
Authors: Carbonell E. , Martinez-Camarena A. , Galiana-Rosello C. , Inclan M. , Tejero R. , Yunta M. J. R. , Navarro P. , Gomez-Contreras F. , Sanz A. M. , Campayo L. , Cano M. C. , García-España E. , González-García J.
Published: November 2018

Benzo[g]phthalazine derivatives show different binding modes and base selectivity towards canonical DNA/RNA depending on the substitution of the aromatic moiety.
Luminescent fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)] carboxylato complexes with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: synthesis and mechanistic insights into the in vitro anticancer activity of fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)(aspirin)]
Authors: Skiba Joanna , Kowalczyk Aleksandra , Stączek Paweł , Bernaś Tytus , Trzybiński Damian , Woźniak Krzysztof , Schatzschneider Ulrich , Czerwieniec Rafał , Kowalski Konrad
Published: November 2018

Luminescent fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)(aspirin)]: insights into in vitro anticancer activity and confocal microscopy imaging in HeLa cells.
Non-volatile natural products in plant glandular trichomes: chemistry, biological activities and biosynthesis
Authors: Liu Yan , Jing Shu-Xi , Luo Shi-Hong , Li Sheng-Hong
Published: November 2018

The investigation methods, chemistry, bioactivities, and biosynthesis of non-volatile natural products involving 489 compounds in plant glandular trichomes are reviewed.
Correction: Rewritable full-color computer-generated holograms based on color-selective diffractive optical components including phase-change materials
Authors: Hwang Chi-Young , Kim Gi Heon , Yang Jong-Heon , Hwang Chi-Sun , Cho Seong M. , Lee Won-Jae , Pi Jae-Eun , Choi Ji Hun , Choi Kyunghee , Kim Hee-Ok , Lee Seung-Yeol , Kim Yong-Hae
Published: November 2018

Correction for ‘Rewritable full-color computer-generated holograms based on color-selective diffractive optical components including phase-change materials’ by Chi-Young Hwang et al., Nanoscale, 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04471f.
Photoinduced nucleophilic substitution of iodocubanes with arylthiolate and diphenylphosphanide ions. Experimental and computational approaches
Authors: Jimenez Liliana B. , Puiatti Marcelo , Andrada Diego M. , Brigante Federico , Crespo Andrada Karina F. , Rossi Roberto A. , Priefer Ronny , Pierini Adriana B.
Published: November 2018

Photoinduced substitution of the cubane nucleus is reported here.
An investigation of the role acceptor side chains play in the processibility and efficiency of organic solar cells fabricated from small molecular donors featuring 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene cores
Authors: Mica N. A. , Almahmoud S. A. J. , Krishnan Jagadamma L. , Cooke G. , Samuel I. D. W.
Published: November 2018

The chemical nature of the acceptor side chain plays an important role in the processability and photovoltaic performance of EDOT-based small molecule donors.
Tuning the metal-support interaction in the thermal-resistant Au–CeO2 catalysts for CO oxidation: influence of a mild N2 pretreatment
Authors: Sun Yuqi , Liu Wei , Tian Miao , Wang Liguo , Wang Zhongpeng
Published: November 2018

The degree of encapsulation for Au–CeO2 catalysts was identical to the catalysts exhibiting metal-support interaction, which improved the CO oxidation activity.
Organoamine-induced isomerism of calixarene-based complexes: from 1D to 2D
Authors: Zhu Xiaofei , Wang Shentang , Han Haitao , Liao Wuping
Published: November 2018

Two isomers of the calixarene-based cobalt complex, 1D aggregate and 2D network, were obtained with different organoamine templates.
Aza-BODIPY based polymeric nanoparticles for cancer cell imaging
Authors: Chansaenpak Kantapat , Tanjindaprateep Similan , Chaicharoenaudomrung Nipha , Weeranantanapan Oratai , Noisa Parinya , Kamkaew Anyanee
Published: November 2018

Encapsulation of hydrophobic aza-BODIPY dye could enhance its hydrophilicity yielding biocompatible nanoparticles which can be efficiently used in cancer cell imaging applications.
Facile synthesis of AgBiS2 nanocrystals for high responsivity infrared detectors
Authors: Mak Chun Hin , Qian Jiasheng , Rogée Lukas , Lai Wai Kin , Lau Shu Ping
Published: November 2018

Solution-processable AgBiS2 nanocrystals are emerging materials for near-infrared photodetectors.
Atomistic insights into the order–disorder transition in Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells from Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Wallace Suzanne K. , Frost Jarvist Moore , Walsh Aron
Published: November 2018

Kesterite-structured Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an earth-abundant and non-toxic semiconductor that is being studied for use as the absorber layer in thin-film solar cells.
Disordered layers on WO3 nanoparticles enable photochemical generation of hydrogen from water
Authors: Wang Luyang , Tsang Chui-Shan , Liu Wei , Zhang Xiandi , Zhang Kan , Ha Enna , Kwok Wai-Ming , Park Jong Hyeok , Suk Lee Lawrence Yoon , Wong Kwok-Yin
Published: November 2018

A simple treatment with Li-ethylenediamine alters the surface of WO3 nanoparticles with localized defects that form a thin disordered layer and modifies the electronic structure suitable for hydrogen generation.
Coupling pentlandite nanoparticles and dual-doped carbon networks to yield efficient and stable electrocatalysts for acid water oxidation
Authors: Hu Qi , Li Guodong , Liu Xiufang , Zhu Bin , Li Guomin , Fan Liangdong , Chai Xiaoyan , Zhang Qianling , Liu Jianhong , He Chuanxin
Published: November 2018

At first time, a porous dual-doped carbon network-immobilized ultrafine pentlandites nanoparticles (NPs) was employed as a highly stable and efficient electrocatalyst for acid oxygen evolution reaction.
Flexible all-solid-state fiber-shaped Ni–Fe batteries with high electrochemical performance
Authors: Li Qiulong , Zhang Qichong , Liu Chenglong , Sun Juan , Guo Jiabin , Zhang Jun , Zhou Zhenyu , He Bing , Pan Zhenghui , Yao Yagang
Published: November 2018

The fiber-shaped Ni–Fe battery takes advantage of high capacity of hierarchical CoP@Ni(OH)2 NWAs/CNTF core–shell heterostructure and spindle-like α-Fe2O3/CNTF electrodes to yield outstanding electrochemical performance, demonstrating great potential for next-generation portable wearable energy storage devices.
Far-infrared emission of massive stars
Authors: Siebenmorgen R. , Scicluna P. , Krełowski J.
Published: November 2018

We present results of the analysis of a sample of 22 stars of spectral types from O7 to B5 and luminosity classes I–V for which spectra from the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) of Spitzer are available. The IRS spectra of these stars are examined for signs of excess infrared (IR) emission by comparison with stellar atmospheric spectra. We find that the spectra of half of the studied stars are dominated by excess emission in the far-IR, including all six super- and bright giants. In order to examine the origin of the far-IR excess, we supplement the Spitzer data with optical high-resolution echelle spectroscopy (λ∕Δλ ~ 105), near-IR high-contrast coronagraphic imaging taken with the SPHERE instrument at VLT with a spatial resolution of 0.′′05, and WISE and Herschel photometry. In the optical region, we detect various absorption and emission lines (H α, C III, and N III) irrespective of the far-IR excess. Pfund α and Humphrey α lines are observed at the same time as the far-IR excess. These lines are stronger in stars with far-IR excess than in stars without excess. A scattered-light disk in the central r ≲ 2.5′′ region of the far-IR excess stars HD 149404, HD 151804, and HD 154368 can be excluded from H band imaging down to a 1σ contrast of F(r)∕F∗~ 10−6. The far-IR excess is fit either by a free–free component from ionized gas as for the winds of hot stars or a large (1 pc) circumstellar dust shell. The putative dust envelopes required to explain the excess have a visual extinction as low as a few hundred μ-mag.
The use of convex lens as primary concentrator for multi-junction solar cells
Authors: Barrios Juan Paolo Lorenzo Gerardo , Cortez John Raffy , Herman Gene Michael , Larroder Aris , Jeco Bernice Mae Yu , Watanabe Kentaroh , Okada Yoshitaka
Published: November 2018

A concentrator lens system was designed for a multi-junction solar cell, CDO-100-C3MJ, with an added feature − a convex lens was added above the Fresnel lens in order to improve the output power of the setup and reduce the need for the use of solar trackers. The convex lens setup was tested with the Fresnel lens setup over a 3-day photoperiod by measuring the voltage, current, irradiance, and temperature at every hour. The results showed that the convex lens setup produced 1.94% more power, but only at around midday. The increase in power is due to the convex lens that focuses a greater amount of irradiance on the solar cell over the course of the day.
Seasonal dynamics of Zooplankton functional groups in relation to environmental variables in Xiquanyan Reservoir, Northeast China
Authors: Mwagona Patteson Chula , Chengxue Ma , Hongxian Yu
Published: November 2018

In this study, the concept of functional feeding groups was used to classify and model the seasonal variation of zooplankton functional groups in relation to environmental variables. A total of 48 zooplankton species were observed in the reservoir and grouped into 8 functional groups. Both environmental variable and the biomass of zooplankton functional groups vary spatially and seasonally. Water temperature, water transparency, total nitrogen and nitrates were significantly higher in summer, while chlorophyll-aand ammonium were higher in autumn and spring, respectively. Biomass of zooplankton was significantly higher in summer (245.81 μg/L), followed by autumn (196.54 μg/L) and spring (54.25 μg/L). Group RF (rotifer filter feeders) dominated in spring, accounting for 80% of the total biomass. In summer and autumn, group RC (rotifer carnivore) and SCF (small copepods and cladocerans filter feeders) were the dominant, respectively. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonium, chlorophyll-aand water transparency were the major factor influencing zooplankton community. Group RF was positively influenced by ammonium and total phosphorus, while RC, SCF and MCF (middle copepods and cladocerans filter feeders) were positively correlated with chlorophyll-a. Top-down control of phytoplankton by groups RC, SCF and MCF in Xiquanyan reservoir is not strong enough to produce negative effect. Increase in predator size biomass did not strengthen top-down control on prey. It is quite clear that the zooplankton function groups of Xiquanyan reservoir followed a predictable seasonal pattern. This therefore highlights the significance of environmental variables in structuring plankton composition in the reservoir.
Mollusc fisheries and length–weight relationship in Tonle Sap flood pulse system, Cambodia
Authors: Ngor Peng Bun , Sor Ratha , Prak Leang Hour , So Nam , Hogan Zeb S. , Lek Sovan
Published: November 2018

Molluscs are important for ecological function, livelihoods and fisheries, but are often forgotten in research and management. Here, we investigated intra-annual variation in the landing and growth patterns of three mollusc species, i.e., Corbicula moreletiana, Pila virescens and Pila ampullacea, using one-year daily data on landing catches and values, recorded in Kampong Chhnang province of Tonle Sap (TS) Lake. Overall, 8330 tonnes with a first sale landing value of US$ 1.4 million for the three species were reported. Also, we found that C. moreletiana was abundant during the dry season with high temperature and less precipitation. By contrast, the two Pila species were abundant from the early rainy to early dry seasons when precipitation and water levels increase. The length–weight relationship analysis indicated that a faster growth in weight of Pila species occurred in the rainy season, and a general negative allometric growth was observed for the three species. This implies that their populations were intensively fished. Our preliminary results suggest that molluscs in the TS Lake (i) are important resources in support of people's livelihoods, (ii) respond differently to intra-annual variation in temperature, precipitation and hydrology and (iii) are being intensively exploited with significant reduction in growth rate. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further comprehensive research describing status of mollusc stocks and their ecology to support long-term management and conservation of this important aquatic fauna. Our study contributes to establishing the first important baseline data and information on key mollusc species for the TS.
Relationships of macrophyte species richness and environment in different water body types in the Central European region
Authors: Bubíková Kateřina , Hrivnák Richard
Published: November 2018

Individual types of waterbodies are characterised by their specific environmental conditions controlling growth of aquatic macrophytes. We focused on effects of environmental factors on macrophyte species richness in canals, ponds, rivers and streams within Central European region. We employed generalised linear models (GLM) to assess separately overall macrophyte species data and data on wetland species (true aquatic plants and helophytes). No significant difference was revealed by comparing species richness among water body types, though canals were the richest water bodies and streams supported the lowest diversity of macrophytes. The models for all the waterbodies, except streams, contained at least two variables and the explained variability ranged from 37% to 77%. The most recurring variables were the coverage of fine substrate, turbidity, shading by bank and shore trees and shrubs, and altitude. Nevertheless, no obvious pattern of factors was observed for particular water body types. Our study confirmed that aquatic macrophyte species richness is shaped by a complexity of factors and necessity of targeting survey and further generalisation of results not only on one specific water body.
Multiple combustion regimes and performance of a counter-flow microcombustor with power extraction
Authors: Fernández-Tarrazo E. , Sánchez-Sanz M. , Fursenko R. , Minaev S.
Published: November 2018

Power generation usually requires removal of thermal energy from the system. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of the heat removal on the dynamics of a premixed flame in the case of a simple, but representative, counter-current microburner. In this configuration, two opposed streams of fresh gases with the same equivalence ratio ϕ are introduced, at the same velocity UF, in the burner through narrow, infinitely long channels. The channels are separated by the common wall from which the heat used for power generation is removed. A flame-sheet chemistry model and a realistic, specifically developed, one-step Arrhenius kinetics are used and compared in order to explore the importance of finite-rate chemistry effects. Finite-rate is found to play a significant role especially near the extinction limit (low velocities) and at high temperatures (high velocities) where distributed reaction can lead to autoignition. The changes in the flame stabilization position and operation limits of the burner are analyzed. Significant variations in combustor operation were found when energy is extracted from the system. Power generation efficiency is also studied, to conclude that an optimum level of energy extraction exists for each equivalence ratio and also that an optimum equivalence ratio exists.
Éducation thérapeutique hors programme : recensement et réflexion sur des critères de qualité
Authors: de la Tribonnière Xavier , Ait El Mahjoub Brigitte , Puech Samson Isabelle , Benslimane Fadoua , Petit Rahmouna
Published: November 2018

Introduction :  Les activités éducatives ciblées ou hors programme (AEHP) ont été définies par la Haute Autorité de santé (HAS) pour la certification V2014 des établissements de santé. Méthode : Une enquête de terrain visant à recenser des AEHP a été réalisée au CHU de Montpellier. Nous avons d’abord identifié les AEHP de 2014 à 2017. Puis nous avons exploré leur structuration en demandant à des professionnels de santé (PS) de renseigner un questionnaire. Enfin, un travail collectif a été réalisé sur des critères de qualité pour une structuration des AEHP. Résultats : En janvier 2015, 84 AEHP ont été recensées, réévaluées à 92 en 2016. Sur 92 PS sollicités, 42 ont accepté l’entretien (46 %) en 2016–2017. On retrouvait : 67 % d’AEHP pour des maladies chroniques et 33 % pour des maladies aiguës, file active globale de 20 348 patients (5–50 000, médiane = 80), en augmentation (71 %), contenu éducatif plurithématique, pluriprofessionnalité (> 1 PS : 74 %), formation ETP 40 h (67 %), évaluation initiale des besoins du patient (90 % mini-diagnostic éducatif (DE)), supports éducatifs fréquents (83 %), rendu écrit de l’AEHP (76 %), autoévaluation annuelle (71 %). En 2017, on comptait dans le pôle de psychiatrie 23 offres de psychoéducation, hors ETP. Une liste de 10 critères de qualité pour structurer les AEHP est proposée : développer les compétences en ETP, > 1 PS portant l’AEHP, mini-DE, ≥ 1 outil pédagogique, traçabilité, écrit pour médecin traitant et patient, rendre visible les AEHP dans l’équipe, impliquer l’encadrement médical et paramédical, autoévaluer une fois par an l’AEHP, valoriser les AEHP dans l’institution. Conclusion : Il existe un continuum entre AEHP et programme d’ETP, ainsi qu’une complémentarité. La mise en visibilité et l’augmentation de la qualité des AEHP seraient profitables au patient et au développement de la culture éducative.
„Unser Gehirn kann nichts ignorieren“ – Entwicklungen in der Schmerzforschung
Authors: Moseley Lorimer
Published: November 2018

Der australische Physiotherapeut und Neurowissenschaftler Lorimer Moseley kennt die aktuellen Entwicklungen in der Schmerzforschung wie kein Zweiter. Er weiß, dass ein naiver Umgang und eine nicht evidenzbasierte Therapie bei Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen fatal sein können. Therapeuten können unbewusst Trigger setzen, die chronische Schmerzen unterhalten.
„Mein Ansatz könnte die Diagnostik und Therapie für Schmerzpatienten effizienter, dauerhafter und nebenwirkungsärmer machen“ – Virginia Welter im Gespräch
Authors: Moers Stephanie
Published: November 2018

Virginia Welter ist Psychologin und wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität zu Köln. Ihr Schwerpunkt ist die Schmerzforschung. Für ihre Forschungsarbeit hat sie ein multisensorisches Stimulationsverfahren zur Behandlung (sub-)akuter Schmerzen entwickelt, das nachweislich die Schmerzintensität reduziert.
Mysteriöse Krämpfe – Red Flags erkennen
Authors: von Piekartz Harry , Zalpour Christoff
Published: November 2018

Sabine Krener ist enttäuscht. Sie bereitet sich auf einen Halbmarathon vor, hat aber zunehmend Probleme beim Laufen. Dass ihre Achillessehne schmerzt, kennt sie schon seit Jahren – nun wird es aber schlimmer, und es treten zudem ständig Krämpfe im rechten Bein auf. Zu allem Überfluss hat sie in den letzten sechs Wochen acht Kilo zugenommen.
Die Nutzung der Peritonealdialyse
Authors: Gerber Lukas , Segerer Stephan
Published: November 2018

Die Peritonealdialyse (PD) ist die häufigste Form der Heimdialyse und wird
weltweit bei etwa 10 % der Dialysepatienten verwendet. Der Anteil der
PD-Patienten variiert sowohl zwischen einzelnen Ländern als auch zwischen
Zentren innerhalb desselben Landes sehr stark. In dieser Übersicht diskutieren
wir, welche Faktoren die PD-Nutzung beeinflussen und wie diese potenziell
verbessert werden könnte.
Role of zinc in insulin regulation and diabetes
Authors: Poudel Resham , Bhusal Yuvaraj , Tharu Biswaraj , Kafle Nisha
Published: November 2018

Zinc (Zn) affects glucose metabolism through insulin regulation and has potential implication in diabetes. Zn deficiency has not been proven in diabetes; however, observations of hyperzincuria, hypozincemia, and Zn malabsorption in diabetes indicate additional requirements for Zn. Mutation in Zn transporter 8 – a key protein in insulin secretion – has been associated with Type 2 diabetes. Zn supplementation in prediabetics and diabetics has been supported to improve plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lipids and potentially improve insulin sensitivity, reduce oxidative stress, and protect from renal damage.
The AMR problem: demanding economies, biological margins, and co-producing alternative strategies
Authors: Hinchliffe Steve , Butcher Andrea , Rahman Muhammad Meezanur
Published: November 2018

Widespread antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a threat to public and animal health, and has consequences for the structure and sustainability of food production. The problem is often framed as one of inappropriate antimicrobial use, which drives emergence and selection of resistant microbes. The answer to this framing of the problem is to lower disease incidence and transmission rates, regulate antimicrobial uses and to educate prescribers and users of medicines. In this paper we argue that this seemingly straightforward programme of action is beset by at least two difficulties. First, in many parts of the world, disease dynamics and antimicrobial uses are embedded within biosocially demanding settings. Second, antibiotic use is one among many possible drivers of resistance. We focus on the aquatic environment and aquacultural food production where resistance drivers may relate to a variety of processes. Using interviews, survey data, and participatory modelling exercises with competency groups in Bangladesh’s shrimp and prawn aquaculture sector, we demonstrate the need to understand economic and biological drivers of disease, farmer adaptations to disease risks and the potential paradox of pursuing pathogen-free food production as a means to reduce AMR risks. We argue that the AMR problem needs to be framed as an adaptive rather than technical challenge, and involves ownership, change and experimentation across a range of relevant sites.
The role of reservoir modelling in unlocking unconventional (resource) plays
Authors: Sidiq Hiwa , Silalahi Eli , Skinner Grant , Pamurty Perdana Noverda
Published: November 2018

There has been a recent focus on the insight that reservoir modelling provides into devising the best workflows and its ability to include reservoir attributes that affect recovery factors in shale.
This extended abstract examines recent technical developments in reservoir modelling and how such modelling can identify sweet spots in shale reservoirs. An accurate characterisation of a pre-existing fracture network and its structural complexities, however, requires the gathering of a large amount of data. In addition, investigating sweet spots at the presently low gas prices sometimes prevents the acquisition of such data that is essential as an input to drilling strategies, fracture program design, well spacing, and understanding stimulated reservoir volumes (SRV) in shale.
The pre-existing fractures may also have a limited impact on recovery rates. The transport along a wellbore is mainly controlled by the drained volume, not only by the fractures around the well. In such cases, the pre-existing fractures and their reactivation during the fracturing stage are not sufficient to determine the amount of gas that can be recovered during production. This volume is effectively not only a function of the fracture density, but also of the propped fractures.
The challenge, therefore, becomes the ability to have a good estimation of the size of the SRV and be able to calibrate this volume using relevant data such as micro-seismic data and the recovery from previous fraccing stages.
This extended abstract also discusses how reservoir modelling can play a key role in this area.
Evolution of the Australian fiscal landscape and its impact on oil and gas investments in Australia
Authors: Payne Harold , Manton Janelle
Published: November 2018

The oil and gas industry is among the most regulated and highly taxed sectors of the Australian economy. In recent times, the industry has been confronted with ongoing tax reforms that significantly impact the after-tax economics of projects. Examples include the introduction of the carbon pricing mechanism, the extension of the Petroleum Resource Rent Tax (PRRT) to the onshore oil and gas sector, the decision in the Esso case impacting on PRRT taxpayers, amendments to R&D tax incentives and modifications to the taxation system affecting mobile employees.
Although the Business Tax Working Group recently did not make any recommendations to broaden the tax base to fund a reduction in the company tax rate, the desire to undertake further reforms that may impact the sector remains. The year ahead will see implementation of further transfer pricing reforms, ongoing consultation and review regarding the definition of exploration expenditure, and increasing focus on corporate international tax reform in line with global trends. Any reform has the potential to have a material impact on the capital- and exploration-intensive oil and gas industry, which also relies heavily on capital funding from multinational investors.
This extended abstract analyses the recent reforms and their impact on the oil and gas sector, provides an outlook of other relevant areas of potential fiscal change, and assesses what this might mean for the Australian oil and gas industry.
The important role of productivity in Australia's long-run competitive position in LNG
Authors: McBean Brad , Guthridge Matt
Published: November 2018

With significant number of LNG projects on stream (or in various stages along the pre-feasibility to project completion continuum), world LNG markets will experience pricing pressure. This will push more customers into the spot market, doing only longer-term offtake deals where pricing is favourable to the buyer.
While Australia is positioned favourably to import markets in Asia, it will be at a competitive disadvantage given lower labour productivity (impacting both construction and maintenance activities), industrial conditions (impacting the option value of being able to ramp production up and down), higher asset costs, and a higher dollar.
Long-run returns on existing and planned LNG projects will need to focus on continuously improving productivity, particularly upstream in exploration/delineation and development, faster than overseas competitors. This will require Australian companies to take a lead role in incubating and developing drilling, completion, and workover technologies. Australia lags behind other countries, but it can catch up and overtake them if it acts now.
This extended abstract discusses Australia’s likely/potential long-run position in LNG to global sink markets; the operating constraints on LNG operations relative to overseas competitors; and, the implications for productivity improvement in LNG given potential medium-term improvements in extraction, processing, and shipping costs for LNG operations more broadly (considering relationships between commodity pricing and exchange rate).
The options for Australian LNG operations in closing any productivity gap are also discussed.
Managing the risk of CSG water to LNG project production reliability
Authors: Varidel Mick , Salisbury Mark
Published: November 2018

From afar, managing CSG water seems simple: capture it, treat it, and deliver it to someone who needs it. On closer inspection, however, it is difficult.
CSG water production varies considerably across time and space and in both quality and quantity. This means that whatever the infrastructure is built for CSG water management, it will sometimes be the wrong size or specification or built in the wrong place.
The complications do not end there—the most difficult question of all is often: what can be done all this water? Most water outlets available in CSG project areas are heavily influenced by a combination of climatic, environmental, and commercial variability. This effectively results in no easy set-and-forget water outlets. Predicting the reliability and availability of CSG water outlets is a significant challenge.
CSG water management, therefore, involves risk and variability on both supply and demand, making it difficult to optimise investment in infrastructure and outlets. Importantly, it also impacts directly on the core objective of CSG operators: to reliably, predictably, and efficiently produce gas.
This extended abstract explores how management of CSG water risk is being addressed in CSG projects being developed in Queensland. It also examines analytical methods and strategies for improving existing CSG water risk-management practices.
Allocation of liabilities between parties involved in shipping LNG from eastern Australia
Authors: Androsova Svetlana
Published: November 2018

LNG shipping tonnage represents about 400 vessels worldwide and it has high safety records compared with other types of tonnage. Serious attention to the operational safety of LNG vessels is dictated by their high value as assets, substantial time required to build new LNG vessels, limited availability of replacement tonnage on the market, heavy dependence of the LNG supply chain on shipping efficiency and reliability, and high costs of delay in LNG supply.
Notwithstanding the high safety record of LNG vessels, shipping is historically considered a high-risk enterprise. Liability of shipowners is usually limited to accommodate navigational risks to achieve reasonable transport costs. Such limitation of liability is stipulated in various legislative acts within local and international maritime law. Liability regimes in different countries and regions vary; consequently, study must be undertaken for each particular port to understand their individual liability regimes. This extended abstract discusses the liability regime for LNG vessels calling to Port Gladstone.
For the parties involved in the transport of LNG, including sellers, buyers, charterers, shipowners and port authorities, it is important to understand the liability regime in the LNG loading port to ensure proper risk assessment and management of LNG shipping. There are various tools for such risk management, which may include a combination of insurance arrangements, liability and indemnity agreements, allocation of liabilities and indemnities for shipping and insurance requirements in LNG sale purchase agreements, safety assurance policies and procedures, and the inclusion of special requirements in the port and terminal regulations. This extended abstract provides shipping stakeholders with information on methods of managing risks for potential shipping liabilities.
Controlling megaproject capital intensity using a new project methodology
Authors: Hirschhorn Philip , Clark Andrew , Tibi Francois , Koch Alexander , Tapper David , Miller Simon , Russell Rebecca
Published: November 2018

Oil and gas mega-projects are becoming more complex. They are more technically challenging and they face stiffer competition for resources and greater pressure from external stakeholders. Mega-project costs are now an order of magnitude greater than the previous generation.
Effective project delivery is increasingly a source of competitive advantage: the ability to bring projects on faster and at lower capital intensity will determine longer-run market share, for example in LNG. Yet mega-project management techniques have not kept pace. We have seen three-fold increases in capital intensity. Project over-runs are growing disproportionately with project size.Several projects have been delayed or abandoned.
The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) reviewed its accumulated experience in mega-projects across sectors including petroleum, mining, nuclear, and manufacturing. BCG identified common root-causes of major project failure and summarised an approach to improving outcomes—the LESS (lean, efficient and effective, standardised, and structured) Capital methodology:

Lean—design and build the minimum technical solution.
Efficient and effective—delivering productivity without jeopardising safety or quality.
Standardised—capture experience benefits using modular, repeatable designs and an industrialised approach.
Structured—align all parties using clear roles/responsibilities, operating discipline, and incentives.

The approach can be applied at portfolio, program, and individual project levels. It has implications for the projects organisation design, project development and delivery processes, interfaces and contracting with engineering, procurement, and construction management (EPCM)/contractors, and frontline labour practices.
Companies that get this right reduce capital intensity by about 20%, increase construction productivity by about 20%, and reduce the risk of delays.
This extended abstract describes how companies can apply the LESS methodology to minimise capital intensity.