bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Pollution and Toxic Stress on Fish Health: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Satkar Sagar Gorakh , Kumar Anil , Anjana A.  , Bhusare Saiprasad , Sahu Ashish , Gautam Rohit Kumar
Published: March 2024

Pollution poses a dire threat to fish health and aquatic ecosystems, permeating through various pathways and wreaking havoc on biological processes crucial for fish survival. Pollutants infiltrate fish through multiple routes, inducing direct toxicity and disrupting fundamental functions such as metabolism, hormonal regulation, and immune responses. These detrimental effects manifest in a plethora of consequences, including stunted growth, diminished energy reserves, heightened vulnerability to environmental stressors, reproductive impairments, increased susceptibility to diseases, and behavioral alterations that imperil their survival. To address this pressing crisis, proactive measures are indispensable, necessitating stringent regulations, the adoption of sustainable practices, and the enhancement of water treatment facilities to curtail the release of pollutants into aquatic environments. Simultaneously, reactive strategies must be deployed, focusing on remediation efforts to cleanse contaminated areas, facilitating the recovery of fish populations, and undertaking broader ecosystem restoration initiatives. Continuous research and vigilant monitoring play pivotal roles in discerning the nuanced impacts of pollution on fish health and gauging the efficacy of mitigation endeavors. Safeguarding fish populations is imperative for their well-being and preserving the health and equilibrium of the entire aquatic ecosystem, underscoring the urgency of concerted action to combat pollution's detrimental effects.
Effect of Bacopa monniera on the Level of Cortisol Hormone in Forced Cold Water Swim Stress Induced Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Kumar Saravana , Thiruvengadam Atmaram , Poovan Punitha , Das Priscilla , Vishnumukkala Thirupathirao , Dhamodharan Jagadeesh , Devi Gayatri , Priya Jothi
Published: March 2024

The human brain remains a mystery even after years of research into the biological processes underlying its specific actions. In recent years, researchers have identified several natural compounds that could potentially help to retard mental deterioration. Extracts of Bacopa monniera, a traditional ayurvedic medicine, have been reported to have memory-enhancing effects in animals. However, there are no studies on bp in cold stress induced neuronal changes in hippocampus have been explored. The current study examined the effects of standardized extract of Bacopa monniera, on Wistar rats. We divided the animals into 4 groups. Group I was control in which rats were kept under ideal laboratory conditions, Group II was given cold water swim stress for a period of one month after which the rats were sacrificed for histological studies to study the changes in the hippocampus caused by cold stress, Group III  in which cold water swim stress given for a month followed by oral administration of normal saline as vehicle  for a month,  Group IV in which cold water swim stress given for a month followed by oral administration of Bacopa monniera,  extracts 40mg/kg treatment for a month. Group V in which cold water swim stress given for a month followed by oral administration of Bacopa monniera, extracts 80mg/kg treatment for a month. After the treatment period blood was collected and cortisol assay was done. The data were compared with those of control rats.  The results showed an increase in the cortisol level in the stressed group of rats when compared to the treatment group. These results indicate that oral administration of Bacopa monniera, extract improves the cortisol level and helps in controlling the stress in rats.
Thyroid Absorbed Dose from Brain CT Examinations in Different Age Groups of Pediatric Based on Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Khosravi Hossein , Nikzad Safoora , Karami Abbasali
Published: March 2024

Background: This study was designed to assess the thyroid absorbed dose from brain computed tomography (CT) scans across various pediatric age groups, utilizing Monte-Carlo simulation and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). Methods: We used the Monte Carlo N-particle (MCNP) transport code to model the spiral CT scan of the brain and calculated the average thyroid dose for each pediatric age group. Techniques for variance reduction, such as Time cutoff, Energy cutoff, and Russian roulette, were implemented. Additionally, a cross-sectional study measured the average thyroid absorbed dose in 45 patients under 20 years using TLD dosimetry. The data were analyzed with SPSS software at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The absorbed thyroid dose for an irradiation time of 1 second and 120 mA across the age groups 0 - 5, 6 - 10, 11 - 15, and 16 - 20 years for boys was 4.165 ± 0.028, 3.802 ± 0.036, 3.861 ± 0.031, and 3.021 ± 0.029 mGy, respectively, and for girls, it was 4.185 ± 0.024, 3.852 ± 0.044, 4.052 ± 0.028, and 4.072 ± 0.047 mGy, respectively. For a dose of 110 mAs, the results for boys were 3.711 ± 0.037, 3.660 ± 0.026, 3.251 ± 0.019, and 3.204 ± 0.031 mGy, respectively, and for girls were 3.882 ± 0.040, 3.842 ± 0.032, 3.412 ± 0.026, and 3.619 ± 0.029 mGy, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Comparing these results with experimental studies indicates the feasibility of using less computationally intensive methods. The thyroid dose received by girls was higher than that for boys, aligning with findings from experimental studies and other research.
Effective Factors in Cognitive Functions of Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Tani Amina , Adali Nawal
Published: March 2024

Background: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of focal epilepsy and increases the risk of cognitive impairment, negatively impacting the quality of life of affected individuals. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate cognitive function in patients with low socioeconomic status affected by TLE and identify factors influencing such function. Methods: This case-control study, conducted between July 2021 and August 2022, compared the cognitive function of 40 patients affected by TLE to 92 healthy controls. The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was used for neurocognitive evaluation. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 for Windows. Results: The mean age of the patient group was 33.35 years, compared to 35.37 years in the control group. Moreover, 70% of patients affected by TLE displayed cognitive impairment and demonstrated lower performance in cognitive functions than the control group (P < 0.05). Significant correlations were identified between overall MoCA scores and several factors, including seizure frequency, educational level, polytherapy, disease duration, and self-esteem scores (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that seizure control and higher educational level were statistically significant predictors of overall MoCA scores in patients affected by TLE. Conclusions: In low-income patients affected by TLE, seizure control and a higher educational level emerged as predictors of cognitive performance. These findings underscore the importance of identifying and managing comorbidities and the need for tailored cognitive rehabilitation programs for this population.
Bone Density in Children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder Compared to Children with Benign Hypermobility
Authors: Barzamini Sahar , Rahmani Khosro , Shiari Reza , Javadi Parvaneh Vadood , Hassas Yeganeh Mehrnoush
Published: March 2024

Background: Hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD), likely a multifactorial condition characterized by musculoskeletal pain, joint instability, and reduced bone mineral density (BMD), is the focus of this study. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess and compare bone density in children diagnosed with HSD and those with benign hypermobility. Methods: This case-control study involved 73 pediatric patients diagnosed with hypermobility spectrum disorder and benign hypermobility, who were referred to the Rheumatology clinic of Mofid Hospital in Tehran between February and November 2022. Bone mineral density was measured using Z-scores from L1-L4 and the whole body less head via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Results: Significant differences were observed in the frequency distribution of spine BMD Z-scores between the two groups (P = 0.002). There was no significant correlation between spine and whole body BMD Z-scores with age and gender (P > 0.05). A notable correlation was found between spine and whole body BMD Z-scores (P < 0.001 and r = 0.64). Among the HSD group, 18 patients (81.8%) had normal BMD, while 4 patients (18.2%) exhibited low bone density, with no cases of osteoporosis. In contrast, osteoporosis was observed in 7.3% of patients in the benign hypermobility group. Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with benign hypermobility, clinicians should be vigilant for tendencies toward osteopenia when treating such patients.
Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on the Levels of Liver Fat Transporter Proteins (LFAB and CD36) in Rats with Fatty Liver
Authors: Maleki Hojatullah , Omidi Mahnaz , Yousefi Mohamadreza
Published: March 2024

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver condition linked to a rise in other metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Methods: Thirty 5-week-old rats with an average body weight of 165.4 ± 31.3 g were randomly assigned into two main groups: A sham group (10 rats) and an experimental group (20 rats, including control for fatty liver and exercise + fatty liver subgroups). The high-intensity interval training (HIIT) group underwent a HIIT protocol for 8 weeks, training 5 days per week. The data were analyzed using a dependent t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test. Results: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease significantly increased CD36 and LFABP levels in liver tissue (P = 0.023 and P = 0.001, respectively). Eight weeks of interval training significantly decreased the levels of CD36 and LFABP in liver tissue (P = 0.019 and P = 0.007, respectively). Conclusions: The onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver elevates fatty acid transporter levels in liver tissue. However, eight weeks of HIIT markedly reduces these transporter levels.
CИНЕРГИТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В КАДРОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКЕ И КАДРОВЫЙ АУТСОРСИНГ, КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИХ ЦЕЛЕЙ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ
Authors:   Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, Abasova A.А , Karimly O.F ,   Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction
Published: March 2024

Today, in personnel policy, synergistic processes are of great importance for achieving the strategic goals of the organization. They enable employees and managers to learn to achieve overall company goals. This can help you manage your workforce more effectively, increase employee motivation and create a more positive workplace. Developing a strategy that helps employees and departments work together is critical to achieving the best HR results. Leadership development, talent management and building teams capable of delivering on strategic objectives can be part of this. Since a balanced personnel policy can increase the productivity and competitiveness of a company.
TRADE AND INVESTMENT RELATIONS BETWEEN AZERBAIJAN AND CHINA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NEW TECHNOLOGICAL STRUCTURE
Authors:   Azerbaijan State University of Economics UNEC, Azimzadeh A.J , Gasimova M.M ,   Azerbaijan State University of Economics UNEC
Published: March 2024

It should be noted that today the sixth technological structure in the world economy is developing at a steady pace. Just like the leader of every technological structure, the leader of the said technological structure is China. So, today China is actually in the first place in the world economy within the export of high technologies, including nano and biotechnologies. Of course, this leadership is also a direction for the development of bilateral economic relations between China and other countries. For this reason, in the context of the new technological structure formed in our research, the study of trade and investment relations between Azerbaijan and China takes an actual position. Methods such as comparative analysis, statistical analysis, induction and deduction were used in the research work. The limitation of the study is related to the availability of a wider database.
A critical look at modern international trade theories based on the firm
Authors:   Baku State University, Abbaszadeh M.S
Published: March 2024

Classical theories of international trade mainly emphasize the competitive advantage of countries. However, since the second half of the XX century a sharp increase in competition in world markets, on the one hand, and the acquisition of a leading role by transnational corporations in international trade, on the other hand, led to the emergence of new concepts containing these factors. Given that these theories are mainly based on the characteristics of developed countries, the article gives their interpretation in a broader sense. It is shown that some such theories may manifest themselves differently in developing countries.
Comparative analysis of tourism sectors of Azerbaijan and developed countries: possibilities and perspectives
Authors:   Azerbaijan Lankaran State University, Badalov A.M , Aliyev T.R ,   Lankaran State University
Published: March 2024

The relative backwardness of Azerbaijan in the tourism sector compared to the countries with which mutual relations exist requires the use of legal and economic mechanisms on an effective, scientific basis, taking into account the specific characteristics of local conditions. In this direction, the article Comparative analysis of tourism sectors of Azerbaijan and developed countries opportunities and perspectives is relevant. In the article, the world experience in the development of tourism in our republic and its connection with world tourism features, the possibilities of using tourism for social purposes in the country, its role in the economic and development dynamics of the country and its close connection with the socio economic development of the regions were touched upon.
Assessment & Prevalence of Malpractice of Quacks Survey of District Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa Pakistan
Authors: Khalid Shah
Published: March 2024

Current study was conducted to address the problem of quackery that is widespread in Dera Ismail Khan (DIK) Pakistan. During this study number of quacks and Qualified professionals in these areas and different ways of malpractice, practiced by the quacks were included. The study was conducted in all the urban, rural and semi urban area of DIK. Survey based on questionnaire was conducted distributing one in general populations and 2nd distributed among the quacks in the rural, urban and semi urban areas of DIK. Sample size of 150 was set in this regard. The three months duration study was performed to assess their malpractice regarding quacks and what knowledge they have. A questionnaire to approach the behavior of quacks regarding their practice consisting of 11 questions was also designed to analyze ways of quackery, government role and awareness of people about the quackery. Quacks mostly cater to people who are lower middle and lower socioeconomic class, having no approach to qualified practitioners. The public is not quality conscious and they seek to relive the pains with restricted budgets. These quackers consider them a qualified practioners and people having less knowledge of its outcomes and possessing poverty, expose to poor health practices. This leads to spread of other fatal diseases like AIDS, hepatitis and cancer. In order to reduce probability of exposure to unsafe healthcare practices, Government must have proper check and balance so that it may be proactively addressed by shutting down all unlicensed practitioners and also educating the community to discourage the malpractices in field of health.
Factors Affecting Learning Expectancy through Open Educational Resources A Case of Higher Education in Punjab - Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Noor
Published: March 2024

The focused of this study was to know the factor affecting learning expectancy through open educational resources at higher educational level. Open educational resources means that give unbiased entrance to information and knowledge at any level for everyone. The main aim of the study was to measure the relationship between learning expectancy and open educational resources at higher education level. The current study used positivist paradigm of research which purely promotes quantitative research approach. The deep emphasis of quantitative design is to know objective reality and express this reality into numerical data. Similarly, target population of this study was comprised of all the students enrolled in BS, M. Phil and PhD Education Programs in public and private sector universities of Punjab province. In Probability sampling, non-proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used and sample size of the study was (N=400). Data was collected through structured questionnaires. Furthermore, data was analyzed through Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version-23. The main finding of the study revealed that .543 of variation in the dependent variable transformative is explained by the independent variables included in the model (UB, social influence, facilitating consideration, and m-learning technology characteristics, self-management learning technology, behavioral intention to use m-learning technology). This model is a good fit and has significant predictors of transformative.
Changes in the Livelihood Capitals and Strategies of Hydropower Displaced Community of Arun-III in Nepal
Authors: Yuefang Duan
Published: March 2024

The growing clean energy demand in the South Asian region has seen an increase in the hydropower construction in Nepal. This has undoubtedly raised the issues of involuntary displacement. This study explores the displaced population of the Arun III hydroelectric project in Nepal. Findings reveal people have adjusted to different livelihood strategies in the short term. However, the disparity in household livelihood choices has reduced natural asset-based activities, and long-term sustainability is a concern. To close this gap, the government should focus on developing people’s skills, improving their human capital, and focus on improved benefit-sharing mechanism for holistic development of the region.
Comparative Analysis of CWSM Model from Engineering Point of View
Authors: Shoshi Ummey Habiba
Published: March 2024

From dam safety point of view, timely thermal analysis is very important to prevent dam from cracking. Keep in view the importance of thermal analysis of dam from engineering point of view; two models were selected to complete this comparative study. Different authors already had done studies regarding thermal analysis of dams. Different methodologies and parameters were used for thermal analysis in these models. In this article, comparison of improved HST and CWSM for thermal analysis of dam is done. This study proves that CWSM is better than improved HST model. Because of the incorporation of several sensors that may collect data from various places in an environment, dam body, sun elevation, water temperature and water pressure. So CWSM can produce measurements that are more precise.
Mediating Role of Leadership Self-Efficacy between Formal Developmental Experiences and Leadership Effectiveness In Pakistani Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Ahmed Saba
Published: March 2024

Effective leadership is a fundamental impetus for achieving organizational success and fostering a motivated, prompt, and high-performing team. The significance of Leadership Effectiveness (LE) has been extensively discussed in literature over the past few years but there hasn't been much empirical research on leadership development in Pakistani higher education. In this quantitative study, the relationship between formal developmental experiences and leadership effectiveness was examined in relation to the mediating role of leadership self-efficacy. A 15-item scale to measure the three research variables was employed in five private sector universities in Karachi city. The sample population included a total of 300 administrative members from higher education institutions including the Dean, Head of Departments, and Departmental Coordinators. Data were analysed using SEM analysis on Smart PLS software. Results of the study indicate the mediating effect of leadership self-efficacy and effectiveness. It was recommended that post-managerial development programs should be encouraged for effective management of teaching-learning processes.
China-Pakistan Cultural Exchanges and Cooperation under Belt & Road Initiative
Authors: Xu Zhao
Published: March 2024

Under the Belt and Road Initiative, the CPEC's construction has gone smoothly; with clear effects on the economic growth of Pakistan and the Sino-Pakistan relationship, some significant transportation and energy projects are in the finishing stage of development. However, it is discovered that cooperation in other areas is given more priority throughout this process than exchanges and cultural understanding between two nations. Thus, the focus of this essay is on the cultural exchange between Pakistan and China. In order to execute CPEP, strengthen the year-round bilateral tactical cooperative association, and further foster a healthy and comprehensive development of bilateral alliance, it is argued that China and Pakistan should greatly increase their cultural exchanges. In order to increase the collective exchange of culture at various levels, a more effective mechanism must be set up, as well as some appropriate and useful measures. This paper will provide some helpful suggestions to address the aforementioned problem.
Gauging Bankruptcy using Altman’s Z-Score Empirical Investigation from the Pharmaceutical Sector
Authors: Ansari Babar
Published: March 2024

This study aims to construct timely responses to escape financial distress and further losses and prevent financial crises. The main focus of the research is to present the analysis of financial distress on the performance of the five firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange under the Pharmaceutical sector within ten years. If financial distress is not identified in time and inappropriate measures are taken, insolvency (bankruptcy) is likely to occur. This study sought to test the validity of Altman’s Z-score and its effectiveness in identifying the financial distress on the performance of firms in the pharmaceutical sector. The sample size consists of cross-sectional time series annual data of five pharmaceutical companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The data set has been tracked for ten years, from 2006 to 2016. The analytical model (Z-score) developed by Edward Altman is used in this study as the statistical technique. The results concluded that Abbot, Glaxo and Wyeth generally experienced stability and incline in the Z-Score values throughout the years. These companies have been fit into non-financial distress. On the other hand, Ferozsons and Highnoon have been in between a range of grey areas. The companies had a probability of experiencing the problems of financial distress. Consequently, companies have started to reach their peak and fit into non-financial distress.
The Impact of Classroom Management on Students Learning in the University of Karachi
Authors: Muneer Rizwana
Published: March 2024

Motivation in educational institutions is one of the variables that must be taken into consideration in order to fulfil the aims and objectives of education in any country. It speaks to the methods teachers employ to instill, sustain, and safeguard motivation. The University of Karachi students were the population that was chosen. The University of Karachi's several departments were chosen. A survey of 100 respondents was undertaken to gather information about specific areas of student motivation and classroom management. The majority of students believed that motivation was crucial for performance, according to research. Among the techniques suggested are giving students the chance for an open exchange of ideas, acknowledging that mistakes are a natural part of learning, and creating a welcoming environment that fosters learning and development. Having a big class size inhibited professor from having excellent conversations and made them adopt the lecture style instead, which was one of the other contributing causes. It was also shown that the lack of teaching aides had a substantial impact on students' motivation in class. According to the report, the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training should make sure that there are a reasonable number of students in each classroom in order to promote effective teaching and improve student learning.
Unraveling Balochistan Dilemma The Role of Governance
Authors: Talal Hafiz Muhammad
Published: March 2024

This research aims to analyze why extremism in Balochistan has outlived and what are the reasons behind its renewed strength. In addition to that, this research will also try to ascertain how bad governance exacerbated the crisis in Balochistan. After depicting a brief sketch of Balochistan’s terrain, the other fueling factors will also be discussed in detail. In the last section, while debating the influence of external factors on the growing discontent in Balochistan, a way forward will also be given. Whether short term policies alongside changes in governance model will curtail the impacts of extremism or the issue will persist in the foreseeable future?
Sustainable Development and Integrity of Fishery Sector in Pakistan
Authors: Afzal Jamil
Published: March 2024

Fishery development refers to interrelated measures made up of the management of resources, industry, and market that serve as the basic pillars for maintaining the growth of the sector. In the Pakistani fishery industry, we identified the ecological setting, wherein Pakistan's fishery operates and explained how recent technological advancement affects fish catches. Government initiatives, fleet extension, and the creation of export markets are the contributing factors to the growth of the fisheries in Pakistan. For the broader goal of national economic development, development strategies of marine resources have great significance. Current policies and methods for managing fishery industry development have proved less effective in achieving coastal communities' needs. Pakistan should require a balanced resource organization in order to develop its fishery sector. This report focuses on the shortcomings, significance, and guidelines of upholding effective development policy to improve Pakistan’s fishery industry.
Identifying the Challenges Encountered by Teachers While Using Intermediate English Textbooks - Sindh Board
Authors: Bano Sahira
Published: March 2024

The present study investigates the challenges encountered by teachers in utilizing English language textbooks of the intermediate level, specifically within the context of the Sindh Board education system. English language textbooks play a pivotal role in language instruction, offering structured content, exercises, and pedagogical support to enhance students' language proficiency. Despite their significance, there exists a dearth of research exploring the problems experienced by teachers while employing these textbooks in the classroom. The research design follows a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. The qualitative phase encompasses semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of intermediate-level English language teachers from various schools and colleges under the Sindh Board. These interviews will delve into the teachers' perspectives, experiences, and insights regarding the challenges faced during textbook utilization. On the other hand, the quantitative phase employs surveys distributed among a representative sample of teachers to gather statistical data on the most prevalent difficulties encountered. The study aims to identify and analyze the various issues that hinder effective textbook implementation in the Sindh Board's English language classrooms. These issues may encompass concerns related to content appropriateness, linguistic complexity, cultural relevance, alignment with curriculum objectives, and overall teacher preparedness. Additionally, factors influencing teachers' attitudes towards textbooks, such as training and support, will be explored. The findings of this research will contribute to the existing literature on language education and curriculum development, particularly in the context of the Sindh Board's English language program. The results will aid educational policymakers and curriculum designers in recognizing the areas that require improvement and in formulating more effective strategies to enhance teacher proficiency and student learning outcomes. Ultimately, this study explores the suggestion which may improve the use of textbooks and it aspires to promote the optimal use of English language textbooks, fostering a more conducive learning environment for intermediate-level students in the Sindh Board education system.
The Art of Blending In Unveiling Camouflaging Traits in Adults with or Without Autism
Authors: Rehman Fouzia
Published: March 2024

Camouflaging a complex behavioral and social phenomenon commonly associated with individuals on the autism spectrum, takes center stage in this study. However, it doesn't stop at autism; it delves into the intriguing realm of camouflaging strategies employed by both adult individuals with and without autism. Additionally, the research further investigates the influence of gender on these camouflaging behaviors. This quantitative study exposes notable distinctions in camouflaging traits between adults with and without autism. Individuals with autism spectrum frequently utilize camouflaging to replicate socially accepted behaviors, such as maintaining eye contact and suppressing repetitive actions, in order to integrate into society and escaping potential stigmatization. Nevertheless, this adaptive coping strategy can exact a toll on their mental health & well-being, resulting in heightened stress, anxiety, and mental exhaustion. Remarkably, the research also highlights that camouflaging isn't unique to autism; individuals without autism also harness these strategies in various social situations. These individuals may adjust their body language, behavior, emotional expressions, and appearance to align with dominant societal norms, foster social harmony, or seamlessly integrate into specific social circles. This indicates that camouflaging is a broader phenomenon rooted in the universal human impulse for social adaptation and compliance. Moreover, the study underscores the significance influence of gender expectations on the adoption of camouflaging strategies. It notes that camouflaging appears to be more prevalent among females, irrespective of their autism status, reflecting the unique social challenges and societal expectations faced by women across various cultural landscapes. In essence, this research illuminates the multifaceted nature of camouflaging behaviors and their far-reaching implications. It emphasizes the vital importance of comprehending these behaviors and their potential impacts on individuals' overall mental health & well-being. Moreover, the study advocates for further exploration of the long-term effects of camouflaging and the creation of interventions focused on promoting authenticity in social interactions while alleviating the need for excessive camouflaging efforts.
Assessment of Spatial Distribution, Characteristics, and Socio-Economic Status of Urban Beggars in Karachi City, Pakistan
Authors: Sulman Nasir
Published: March 2024

Begging is a social problem of every urbanized city, most importantly in the developing countries. Due to the increasing population and lack of earning resources in the urban cities, begging is now extremely entrenched in the roots of society. The problem has never been resolved either by the government or civil society, particularly in the developing world. Beggars are usually found in highly dense urban and sub urban areas so that the advantage of the structural inequality of wealth and mobility between the beggars can be achieved. This study is conducted in Karachi, a mega city of Pakistan. Eighteen different towns of the city were surveyed during the study period and around 740 beggars were interviewed. The main aim of the study was to find out the characteristics, socioeconomic status, and the spatial distribution of the urban beggars. A stratified random sampling method is used to collect the data. The study confirms the influence of land use on the spread of beggars. The study also finds out that most of the beggars are migrated from different provinces and based on gender; percentage of male beggars is high as compared to the female beggars. The study further reveals that beggars typically move toward the highly urbanized areas of the city to earn a good earning. The study suggests that the municipalities and NGOs can work together to get rid of this social problem by implementing the policies and procedures already laid down to accommodate these beggars in the mainstream of society.
A Comprehensive Study on Sales of Chinese Books and Literature in Pakistan
Authors: Afzal Jamil
Published: March 2024

Culturally and intellectually, China and Pakistan have had a close relationship for many years; it can be traced back to their interactions along the Silk Road, which extend back centuries. Because of this common historical relationship, there is a mutual admiration for and impact in a variety of intellectual activities, including art, literature, and philosophy. There has been a discernible increase in the number of Pakistani readers interested in Chinese literature in recent years, which is indicative of a rising affinity towards Chinese culture and the literary works that originate from China. A research study has been carried out to investigate many areas of Chinese literature in Pakistan, with the goal of gaining a deeper comprehension of the literary relationship between the two countries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the availability and accessibility of translated Chinese works, as well as the literary tastes of Pakistani readers, the cultural linkages that bind the two countries, and the social and political relevance of Chinese literature in the context of Pakistan. In addition, the research investigates the literary exchange programmes and intellectual conversation that take place between China and Pakistan. This sheds light on the extent to which these two countries' cultures interact with one another.
Recipients and Non-Recipients of Career Counselling Insights of Pakistani Professionals and Career Counsellors
Authors: Saya Ahmed
Published: March 2024

Career counselling is integral for high school students in shaping their future professional journey. Counsellors provide sessions encouraging healthy thought processes that could help make positive decisions regarding emotional and professional concerns. This qualitative research explored the perspectives of nine Pakistani professionals who had received career counselling as students and six professionals who had not received it and how successful they were in their professional lives. Additionally, this study examined the perceptions of five career counsellors regarding career counselling as a mandatory part of the school curriculum. Findings showed that most participants without career counselling could not decide what career pathways to choose because of a lack of guidance. In contrast, those who had received counselling were better prepared for professional lives and had successful careers. Moreover, counsellors consider that career counselling should be mandatory for guiding students to successful professional tracks. Therefore, this research posits that career guidance should be implemented in schools with clear policies monitored and accompanied by detailed career advice.
Impending Challenges of Climate Change Edification for Sustainability in Pakistan
Authors: Afzal Jamil
Published: March 2024

It can be difficult to spread knowledge and communicate about climate change; concepts relating to climate change are frequently misunderstood, according to researchers. Some people don't think that they will be affected by climate change in their own lives. Other issues could be people's inability to recognize subtle or the fact that there have been slow environmental changes and excessive consumption empowers and honors people, their weak connection to nature, and their propensity to act impulsively also solve environmental issues right away. The purpose of this study was to offer some research-based strategies for educating the public about climate change while providing concrete examples of the impacts of climate change on a local level and illustrative information, people can be persuaded that they still have an impact by environmental communication that are effectively designed on the phenomenon's scope and can connect mitigation efforts to people's positive desires or aspirations. Upcoming awareness, approaches of socio-constructivism, experiential learning, and community of change are some strategies that, when used in conjunction with one another in mitigation education, can correct learners' misconceptions and motivate them to take action. With the help of citizens and scientists, adaptation education could focus on a particular issue that could become more severe due to climate change. After analyzing the issue, suggestions for solutions could then be made and put into action and plan for the future sustainably.
Training Requirements of Educators In Relation to Introducing Inclusive Education Practices in Existing System of Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Sulman Nasir
Published: March 2024

The study evaluates teachers’ and principals' training requirements in Sindh province, Pakistan, for effective inclusive education management. It focuses on teachers' knowledge, talent capabilities, information and ability skills, necessary training areas for teachers to enforce inclusive practices, and specific training requirements for principals to manage inclusive education practices. The study uses a survey design and a hypothesis to improve the findings. The population includes educators and administrators from the University of Karachi's Bachelor of Education program. The survey covers 10 key issues related to inclusive education training and 20 competencies for teachers and principals. Respondents rate their knowledge on a 5-point scale. The study contradicts previous research suggesting teachers are crucial in inclusive education. It found instructors have knowledge and skill competencies but no difference in management or expert support. Teachers are more supportive, but further training is needed for communicative talents and disability assessment.
Cooperative Learning A Preventive Approach to Extremism at Higher Education, Pakistan
Authors: Muneer Rizwana
Published: March 2024

The study was intended to identify cooperative learning as a preventive approach to extremism at higher education institutions. In addition, explore the process of social interdependence and constructive controversy to prevent extremism. Research shows that certain cognitive, social and emotional skills broaden students’ minds and enable them to seek pieces of evidence of imposed opinions. Cooperative learning is considered as a successful teaching strategy in higher education to enhance critical thinking, psychological health and interpersonal skills. Here, a group of students works together irrespective of gender, age, culture and abilities to achieve the common goals. Further, the process of constructive controversy promotes moral and civic values among students which leads to global citizenship. The framework of this research is based on social interdependence and constructive controversy within a cooperative context, which can be a positive approach to reduce radicalization and extremism. Within the qualitative paradigm, semi-structured interviews were conducted with students of higher education to share their reflective experiences of cooperative learning. The outcomes of this study revealed that students gain moral reasoning, tolerance problem solving and critical thinking skills when they involve in constructive controversy within a cooperative context. Further, this research proposed to implement different engaging instructional strategies at higher education levels for gaining prosocial behavior, psychological health and conflict management. Accordingly, suggested mentoring and counseling for at risk students.
Beliefs & Investment of Undergraduate Students Learning Turkish as a Foreign Language
Authors: Abbasi Muhammad Hassan
Published: March 2024

Considering the global and economic need for foreign language interactions, various educational institutes have incorporated foreign language teaching (FLT) into the curriculum. The languages offered include German, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish (recently). To reconnoiter different aspects of Chinese language learning in Pakistan, research has been conducted in the context (see for example, Khan et al, 2023 and Aftab et al, 2022). However, the topical surge in learning Turkish as a foreign language (TFL) resulting from the cultural exchange programs, scholarship opportunities, Turkish dramas broadcast in Pakistan, and most significantly the strong Pak-Turk relationships have led education institutions to offer TFL at the undergraduate level. To explore the beliefs, imagined identity, and investment (Norton, 2001) of undergraduate students for TFL, a qualitative study was conducted. Since, the study probed into the beliefs, imagined identities, and investment of the students, narrative inquiries fit the objectives of the research. 4 participants volunteered to retell their experiences cogitating the temporality, sociality, and spatiality of the experience. The findings show that learners enrolled in the TFL course believed and imagined getting a better job and business opportunities, acting as a translator and diplomat with proficiency in foreign language. The learners imagined exploring educational opportunities for scholarships and higher studies in the future. Additionally, TFL learners foresee the Turkish language as a means of cultural and social identity, learning for tourism, and socialization with natives. The participants manifested these beliefs to invest in their imagined identities as TFL for professional identity, multilingual identity, and social identity. TFL beliefs and investment provide insights into learners’ perspectives and their future imagined identity in the broader scope of shifting foreign language education policy.
Spiritual Intelligence in Education Exploring the Impact of Teachers' Spiritual Intelligence on Student Satisfaction in Higher Education Using Dyad Analysis
Authors: Wajahat Ayla
Published: March 2024

The present study investigates the impact of elements associated with teachers on student satisfaction. The study adopts a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among teachers and students at the Higher Education Institutes of Karachi, Pakistan. Both on-site and online. A total of 21 HEC-recognized universities having business schools/management sciences departments were contacted and visited in Karachi. The sample design involves collecting data from 344 teacher-student dyads. Non-probability sampling is used due to the lack of a complete subject list. As a result, studying the effect of teachers' spiritual intelligence on student satisfaction can potentially lead to improved learning outcomes and academic performance. Enhancing spiritual intelligence assists individuals in developing a positive mindset and attaining inner tranquility. This shift in attitude enhances self-motivation and self-control and aids in alleviating the elevated stress levels often caused by the fast-paced nature of contemporary society.
The Impact of Co-Curricular Activities on Enrollment and Academic Performance at Primary Level
Authors: Khuhro Nasreen
Published: March 2024

Over time, the literacy rate enrollment rates and learning outcomes in Sindh have remained static, and despite efforts and pouring a lot of domestic and foreign funds, no visible improvement either in the state of schools has been observed, or any improvements in the enrollment or learning outcomes have been noticed. One key element that is mostly ignored is to make teaching-learning interesting and child-centred in an informal way by introducing co-curricular activities. Co–curricular activities are physical activities and programs that are informal ways of learning and help create a healthy and active learning process at school. This paper highlights the importance of co-curricular activities on child development and its effects on adulthood. Holistic child development is the best way to develop healthy, economically sound nations. Studies have shown that healthy and economically strong countries have strong early childhood education systems. This independent study has examined the impact of co-curricular activities on the increase in enrollment and learning outcomes at primary schools in the Layari district of Karachi by identifying schools with playgrounds. These include physical and mental activities like outdoor and indoor plays, mental activities, and exercises.
Professional Needs of Literacy Teachers for Pedagogical Training
Authors: Irfan Areeba
Published: March 2024

The study is entitled, “Professional Needs of Literacy Teachers for Pedagogical Training”. The objectives of the study were to explore the current practices of literacy teachers for pedagogical training; to analyze certain measures for the professional development of literacy teachers; and to identify the Professional Needs of literacy teachers for pedagogical training. The study was survey and descriptive in nature. The quantitative as well as qualitative (QUAN-qual) technique was adopted. The explanatory sequential technique was adopted for the proposed study. The questionnaire was designed to collect the data from the respondents. The validity of the questionnaire ensured through expert opinion and the reliability of research tools were calculated through Cronbach’s Alpha. According to the Findings of the study, 72.2% agreed that teachers used to know ethical responsibilities towards pupils. 73.4% agreed that teachers used to clear concepts of the topic during teaching. 77.3% agreed that teachers used to assess students’ learning. 78.6% agreed that teachers used to organize the classroom to facilitate the instruction for all students. The study recommended that the proper professional training must be initiated for the literacy teachers.