bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis manifested secondary to bacterial pleural empyema
Authors: Kawano Hiromu , Kan‐o Keiko , Egashira Ayaka , Okamoto Isamu
Published: November 2023

A 54‐year‐old woman with no history of lung disease including bronchial asthma developed left bacterial pleural empyema due to the perforation of a lung abscess in the left lower lobe. Chest tube drainage and antibiotics improved the pleural empyema. Two months following discharge from the hospital, she developed a cough and left chest pain. Chest computed tomography revealed high‐attenuation mucus plugs, atelectasis in the left lower lobe, and an increased peripheral blood eosinophil count. Bronchoscopy revealed a mucoid impaction in B8 of the left lower lobe, confirming the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus. A diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis was made, and treatment with oral prednisolone was initiated, resulting in the resolution of the mucus plugs and improvement of atelectasis.
Attitude optimization by extremum seeking for rigid bodies actuated by internal rotors only
Authors: Suttner Raik , Krstić Miroslav
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we investigate the stabilizing effect of an extremum seeking control law on a class of underactuated Lagrangian control systems with symmetry. Our study is motivated by the problem of attitude optimization for satellites with reaction wheels. The goal is to minimize the value of an analytically unknown configuration‐dependent objective function without being reliant on measurements of the current configuration and velocity. This work extends our previous work on extremum seeking control for fully actuated mechanical systems on Lie groups in the absence of dissipation. We show that the earlier method for fully actuated systems can also be successfully applied to a certain class of underactuated systems, which are controlled by internal momentum exchange devices (reaction wheels) so that the total momentum is conserved. Conservation of momentum allows us to reduce the control system to a system on a smaller state manifold. The reduced control system is not of Lagrangian form but fully actuated. For the reduced control system we prove that the extremum seeking method leads to practical uniform asymptotic stability. We illustrate our findings by the example of a rigid body with internal rotors.
Expansion of smallmouth bass distribution and habitat overlap with juvenile Chinook salmon in the Willamette River, Oregon
Authors: White James S. , Kock Tobias J. , Penaluna Brooke E. , Gregory Stan , Williams Josh , Wildman Randy
Published: November 2023

Smallmouth bass populations have expanded far beyond their native range and these predatory fish present a pervasive threat to native aquatic species throughout North America. In the western United States, smallmouth bass are now present in river and reservoir habitats where Pacific salmon are found and are considered a potential threat to salmon recovery in many locations. We conducted a study to determine if smallmouth bass are expanding their range in the mainstem Willamette River, Oregon, and developed a model to assess habitat overlap between smallmouth bass and juvenile Chinook salmon. Sampling during 2011–2022 revealed that the distribution of smallmouth bass had expanded throughout that timeframe to encompass the entire mainstem Willamette River, including important rearing habitats for juvenile Chinook salmon. The model predicted that smallmouth bass and juvenile Chinook salmon habitat overlap was substantial, highlighting the need for additional research to evaluate for potential negative impacts to salmon recovery in the basin. The model was also used to evaluate the efficacy of using flow management to reduce interactions between these two species, but the scenarios we examined suggested that this was not a viable option. These results highlight the need for continued research to assess interactions between smallmouth bass and juvenile salmon, and other native species of concern, in the Willamette River Basin. The development of the model is useful for resource managers to understand interactions between these species to prioritize locations for sampling in the future.
Botnet‐based IoT network traffic analysis using deep learning
Authors: Singh N. Joychandra , Hoque Nazrul , Singh Kh. Robindro , Bhattacharyya Dhruba K.
Published: November 2023

IoT networks are increasingly being connected to a wide range of devices, and the number of devices connected has significantly increased in recent years. As a consequence, the number of vulnerabilities to IoT networks has also been increasing tremendously. In IoT networks, botnet‐based Distributed Denial of Service attack is challenging due to its dynamic behavior. The sensors and actuators connected to IoT networks are low‐powered and have less memory. Because of their inherent vulnerability, IoT devices can always be compromised by an attacker and be used to form a large botnet. A detailed analysis of IoT botnet attacks is presented in this article, along with statistics and the architectures of the botnet. We also survey the existing literature on IoT botnet traffic analysis and present a taxonomy of attack detection methods. We particularly focus on deep learning‐based methods and conduct a comparative study to evaluate their performance on IoT traffic analysis. We identify the current issues and research challenges in this field, and we conclude by highlighting some future research directions.
Symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy, spectra & boundary conformal field theory
Authors: Kusuki Yuya , Murciano Sara , Ooguri Hirosi , Pal Sridip
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We perform a comprehensive analysis of the symmetry-resolved (SR) entanglement entropy (EE) for one single interval in the ground state of a 1 + 1D conformal field theory (CFT), that is invariant under an arbitrary finite or compact Lie group, G. We utilize the boundary CFT approach to study the total EE, which enables us to find the universal leading order behavior of the SREE and its first correction, which explicitly depends on the irreducible representation under consideration and breaks the equipartition of entanglement. We present two distinct schemes to carry out these computations. The first relies on the evaluation of the charged moments of the reduced density matrix. This involves studying the action of the defect-line, that generates the symmetry, on the boundary states of the theory. This perspective also paves the way for discussing the infeasibility of studying symmetry resolution when an anomalous symmetry is present. The second scheme draws a parallel between the SREE and the partition function of an orbifold CFT. This approach allows for the direct computation of the SREE without the need to use charged moments. From this standpoint, the infeasibility of defining the symmetry-resolved EE for an anomalous symmetry arises from the obstruction to gauging. Finally, we derive the symmetry-resolved entanglement spectra for a CFT invariant under a finite symmetry group. We revisit a similar problem for CFT with compact Lie group, explicitly deriving an improved formula for U(1) resolved entanglement spectra. Using the Tauberian formalism, we can estimate the aforementioned EE spectra rigorously by proving an optimal lower and upper bound on the same. In the abelian case, we perform numerical checks on the bound and find perfect agreement.
Einsatz von KI-basierten Anwendungen durch Krankenhauspersonal: Aufgabenprofile und Qualifizierungsbedarfe
Authors: Antweiler Dario , Albiez Daniela , Bures Dominik , Hosters Bernadette , Jovy-Klein Florian , Nickel Kilian , Reibel Thomas , Schramm Johanna , Sander Jil , Antons David , Diehl Anke
Published: November 2023

Hintergrund

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) hat für Krankenhäuser wesentlich an Bedeutung gewonnen. Um die umfangreichen Potenziale der Technologie tatsächlich nutzen zu können, sind Anpassungen bei Aufgabenprofilen sowie zielgerichtete Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen für das Krankenhauspersonal heute und in Zukunft unabdingbar. Davon sind sowohl medizinische als auch nichtmedizinische Prozesse entlang der gesamten Wertschöpfungskette im Krankenhaus betroffen. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, einen Überblick über die notwendigen Fähigkeiten im Umgang mit intelligenten Technologien im klinischen Kontext zu geben und Maßnahmen zur Qualifizierung von Mitarbeiter*innen vorzustellen.

Methoden

Im Rahmen des Projekts „SmartHospital.NRW“ wurden im Jahr 2022 eine Literaturrecherche sowie Interviews und Workshops mit Expert*innen durchgeführt. KI-Technologien und Anwendungsfelder wurden identifiziert.

Ergebnisse

Zentrale Ergebnisse umfassen veränderte und neue Aufgabenprofile, identifizierte Synergien und Abhängigkeiten zwischen den einzelnen Aufgabenprofilen sowie die Notwendigkeit eines umfassenden interdisziplinären und interprofessionellen Austauschs beim Einsatz von KI-basierten Anwendungen im Krankenhaus.

Diskussion

Unser Beitrag zeigt, dass Krankenhäuser frühzeitig Kompetenzen im Bereich Digital Health Literacy in der Belegschaft fördern und gleichzeitig technikaffines Personal anwerben müssen. Interprofessionelle Austauschformate sowie ein begleitendes Changemanagement sind essenziell für die Nutzung von KI im Krankenhaus.
Facile chemical hydrophobization of thin-layer plates by vapor deposition of methyltrimethoxysilane for reversed-phase chromatography
Authors: Jaxel Julien , Merio Alice , Kohlhuber Nadine , Beaumont Marco , Wimmer Rupert , Rosenau Thomas , Hansmann Christian , Liebner Falk , Böhmdorfer Stefan
Published: November 2023

Reversed-phase chromatography is based on a polar mobile phase and an apolar stationary phase. This separation mode is regularly used in planar (thin-layer) chromatography, and the necessary plates are commercially available. We investigated the preparation of hydrophobic plates for thin-layer chromatography by chemical vapor sorption of methyltrimethoxysilane directly onto a normal-phase plate. For this, a commercial normal-phase plate is simply exposed to the vapors of the reagent in a closed vessel. The obtained plates were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and dynamic water vapor sorption, which reported an extensive conversion of free hydroxyl groups by the reagent. The obtained plates were hydrophobic with a water contact angle close to 135°. The extent of hydrophobization precluded the use of pure water as an eluent while mixtures with organic solvents were perfectly adequate. The plates’ chromatographic performance was compared with that of C18 and paraffin-coated plates. For this, a set of parabens was separated with mixtures of acetone and water. The height of a theoretical plate was similar for the hydrophobized and the C18 plates (50–90 µm) and larger for the paraffin-coated ones. In contrast to the C18 plate, the hydrophobized and the paraffin-coated plates showed some selectivity for the analyte pair n-butylparaben and iso-butylparaben, which indicates a separation mechanism with the potential for regioselectivity.
What is digital transformation? A survey on the perceptions of decision-makers in business
Authors: Riedl René , Stieninger Mark , Muehlburger Manuel , Koch Stefan , Hess Thomas
Published: November 2023

In the past years we have observed enormous adoption and use of digital technologies in almost all domains of human life. In this context, researchers and practitioners have been using the term “digital transformation” (DT) to characterize phenomena related to the changes caused by increased use of digital technologies. The progression and contributions of corresponding discussions significantly depend on a common understanding and conceptualization of DT. Accordingly, the information systems research community has started working toward conceptual clarity. Importantly, the current debate focuses on theoretical contributions by academic researchers. Hence, data on the practitioners’ perspective on DT is missing. Against this background, we investigated general understandings of DT in practice. Our analysis comprises data of N = 529 business decision-makers in the UK. Our results show a significant discrepancy between science (i.e., conceptualizations and definitions of DT in the academic literature) and practice (i.e., business decision-makers’ perceptions and corresponding survey responses). Specifically, for a large proportion of the respondents their decision to classify concrete digitalization examples from the literature as DT or no DT was largely independent of the degree of organizational change caused by the use of digital technologies. This is a surprising result, as high-caliber academic literature proposes this degree to be a critical factor to characterize DT. Another key finding is that a remarkable number of practitioners consider a digitalization initiative as DT based on the mere occurrence of specific buzzwords related to digital technologies in the corresponding descriptions. In particular, the buzzword “digital technology” led the survey participants to classify a definition as instance for DT. We discuss implications of our results and limitations.
Linking business analytics affordances to corporate strategic planning and decision making outcomes
Authors: Kurpiela Steffen , Teuteberg Frank
Published: November 2023

Business analytics is considered in research and practice as a promising approach to support organizations in the increasing complexity and dynamics in the strategic planning and decision making, which arise for example through the integration of product-service systems. However, literature is lacking a comprehensive analysis to what extant business analytics supports the strategic planning and decision making. Thus, coming from the affordance and socio-technical system theory, we are linking business analytics affordances to strategic planning outcomes. In doing so, we identified 20 affordances which we have assigned to the dimensions of the socio-technology system theory. Based on this, we have derived implications and propositions for research and practice. The results can be used as guidelines for practice and directions for future research.
Memory effects of visual and olfactory landmark information in human wayfinding
Authors: Schwarz Mira , Hamburger Kai
Published: November 2023

Non-human animals are exceptionally good at using smell to find their way through the environment. However, the use of olfactory cues for human navigation is often underestimated. Although the sense of smell is well-known for its distinct connection to memory and emotion, memory effects in human navigation using olfactory landmarks have not been studied yet. Therefore, this article compares wayfinding and recognition performance for visual and olfactory landmarks learned by 52 participants in a virtual maze. Furthermore, it is one of the first empirical studies investigating differences in memory effects on human navigation by using two separate test situations 1 month apart. The experimental task was to find the way through a maze-like virtual environment with either olfactory or visual cues at the intersections that served as decision points. Our descriptive results show that performance was above chance level for both conditions (visual and olfactory landmarks). Wayfinding performance did not decrease 1 month later when using olfactory landmarks. In contrast, when using visual landmarks wayfinding performance decreased significantly, while visual landmarks overall lead to better recognition than olfactory landmarks at both times of testing. The results demonstrate the unique character of human odor memory and support the conclusion that olfactory cues may be used in human spatial orientation. Furthermore, the present study expands the research field of human wayfinding by providing a study that investigates memory for landmark knowledge and route decisions for the visual and olfactory modality. However, more studies are required to put this important research strand forward.
Investigation of native cellulose under high pressure using microfocused synchrotron radiation
Authors: Storm Selina L. S. , Krywka Christina , Burghammer Manfred , di Cola Emanuela , Müller Martin
Published: November 2023

The mechanical properties of native cellulose are critical for understanding the properties of natural biomaterials. To investigate the elastic moduli of the cellulose crystalline fraction an isotropic mechanical load using hydrostatic pressure ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 GPa was applied to flax fibers, pine wood and tension wood samples. The response of the crystalline part was monitored by using microfocused synchrotron radiation. The compressibility of the crystalline fraction of native cellulose was anisotropic and dependent on the crystal size and possibly on the composition of the sample. The compressibilities along the [001] direction, where covalent bonds hold the cellulose chains together, varied between 2.1 and 2.9 TPa−1 for the different samples and confirm similar values found for cotton fibres. However, the compressibilities along the [100]-direction range from 56.2 TPa−1 to 63.5 TPa−1, slightly exceeding the previously determined value of 50 TPa−1, which can possibly be attributed to differences between individual samples.
Are the income and price elasticities of economy-wide electricity demand in middle-income countries time-varying? Evidence from panels and individual countries
Authors: Liddle Brantley , Hasanov Fakhri
Published: November 2023

Understanding the income/GDP and price elasticities of electricity demand is important for forecasting demand and evaluating the potential impact of energy/climate policies. Yet, there has been little work on this topic that focuses on countries outside the OECD. We employ a new database of cross-country real economy-wide electricity prices and apply a set of panel-based and time-series-based methods that together account for temporal heterogeneity and cross-sectional heterogeneity on a group of middle-income/rapidly growing countries. Both our panel results and the eight individual country analyses that applied structural time series modeling determined that both the income and price elasticities of economy-wide electricity demand are stable/effectively constant over time. In addition, our results suggested that the income elasticity of economy-wide electricity demand for these middle-income countries was on average 0.8. The price elasticity—which displayed more movement over time (at least in percentage terms)—was on average -0.09. The results of essentially constant income and price elasticities is analogous to recent findings focused on economy-wide energy demand in middle-income countries.
A Mechanism to Transform Complex Salicinoids with Caffeoylquinic Acids in Lepidopteran Specialist Herbivores (Notodontidae)
Authors: Schnurrer Florian , Nakamura Yoko , Paetz Christian
Published: November 2023

Larvae of the Salicaceae-adapted Notodontidae have developed a unique mechanism to metabolize the chemical defenses of their Salicaceae host plants. Salicinoids and salicortinoids are enzymatically transformed into salicyloyl, benzoyl and mixed salicyloyl-benzoyl quinates. The source of quinates and benzoates was previously unknown. To elucidate the origin of quinate and benzoate in the metabolic end-products, we fed Cerura vinula caterpillars with 13C-labelled poplar defense compounds. Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs), such as chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid and their methyl esters, were identified as the source of quinates in the caterpillar’s metabolism. Benzoyl substituents in the quinate end-products were found to originate from compounds such as tremulacin or trichocarpin. Salicaceae-adapted Notodontidae caterpillars have the ability to overcome their host plant’s chemical defense by metabolizing CQAs and salicinoids, both abundant defense compounds in Salicacea plants, by a strategy of transformation and recombination. We believe that our study opens up avenues for understanding salicortinoid biotransformation at the enzymatic level.
A new statistical workflow (R-packages based) to investigate associations between one variable of interest and the metabolome
Authors: Ferrario Paola G. , Bub Achim , Frommherz Lara , Krüger Ralf , Rist Manuela J. , Watzl Bernhard
Published: November 2023

Introduction

In metabolomics, the investigation of associations between the metabolome and one trait of interest is a key research question. However, statistical analyses of such associations are often challenging. Statistical tools enabling resilient verification and clear presentation are therefore highly desired.

Objectives

Our aim is to provide a contribution for statistical analysis of metabolomics data, offering a widely applicable open-source statistical workflow, which considers the intrinsic complexity of metabolomics data.

Methods

We combined selected R packages tailored for all properties of heterogeneous metabolomics datasets, where metabolite parameters typically (i) are analyzed in different matrices, (ii) are measured on different analytical platforms with different precision, (iii) are analyzed by targeted as well as non-targeted methods, (iv) are scaled variously, (v) reveal heterogeneous variances, (vi) may be correlated, (vii) may have only few values or values below a detection limit, or (viii) may be incomplete.

Results

The code is shared entirely and freely available. The workflow output is a table of metabolites associated with a trait of interest and a compact plot for high-quality results visualization. The workflow output and its utility are presented by applying it to two previously published datasets: one dataset from our own lab and another dataset taken from the repository MetaboLights.

Conclusion

Robustness and benefits of the statistical workflow were clearly demonstrated, and everyone can directly re-use it for analysis of own data.
Effect of α-cypermethrin and pirimiphos-methyl on wing morphology of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and T. confusum Jacquelin du Val: a comparative study
Authors: Žikić Vladimir , Lazarević Maja , Stanković Saša S. , Milošević Marijana Ilić , Kavallieratos Nickolas G. , Skourti Anna , Boukouvala Maria C.
Published: November 2023

Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) are widespread and serious pests of stored products. Various insecticides are applied aiming to effectively manage both species. Here, two insecticides are tested, the pyrethroid α-cypermethrin and the organophosphate pirimiphos-methyl, hypothesizing that they can lead to morphological changes in the certain body parts of the adult offspring of treated T. castaneum and T. confusum parental female adults. For this purpose, the geometric morphometric method to the elytra and hindwings was applied. Both males and females were included in the analysis. The results showed that adult individuals of T. confusum showed higher tolerance to both insecticides compared to T. castaneum adults. This finding is reflected in analyses of both pairs of wings in T. confusum where changes in shape were negligible. The hindwings of T. castaneum experienced deformations to both insecticides. More significant changes in wing shape were observed in the α-cypermethrin treatment compared to pirimiphos-methyl. In the case of T. castaneum, even the shortest exposure to insecticides (5 min) is enough to provoke shape changes in the hindwings. Deformities in offspring, caused after treatment of their parents with insecticides, could moderate the frequency of insecticidal applications in storages.
Global trends of pyrolysis research: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Márquez Alejandro , Ortiz Isabel , Sánchez-Hervás José María , Monte María Concepción , Negro Carlos , Blanco Ángeles
Published: November 2023

Pyrolysis has become an interesting waste valorization method leading to an increasing number of research studies in this field in the last decade. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive knowledge map of scientific production in pyrolysis, discuss the current state of research, and identify the main research hotspots and trends in recent years. The systematic review, supported by analysis of countries and institutions, keyword co-occurrence analysis, analysis of keyword trends, journal analysis, and article impact, was carried out on 6234 journal articles from the Science Citation Index Expanded database of the Web of Science Core Collection. As a result, four main research hotspots were identified: 1) characterization techniques and pyrolysis kinetic models, 2) biochar production and its main applications, 3) bio-oil production and catalytic pyrolysis, and 4) co-pyrolysis, which has become a consolidated research hotspot since 2018. Additionally, the main challenges and opportunities for future research have been identified, such as 1) the development of multi-step kinetic models for studying complex wastes, 2) the integration of biochar into other valorization processes, such as anaerobic digestion, and 3) the development of catalytic hydropyrolysis for the valorization of organic waste. This bibliometric analysis provides a visualization of the current context and future trends in pyrolysis, facilitating future collaborative research and knowledge exchange.
Seasonal Feeding Behavior of Aquaculture Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in the Mid-Atlantic
Authors: Barr Janine M. , Munroe Daphne , Rose Julie M. , Calvo Lisa , Cheng Kurt M. , Bayer Skylar , Kreeger Danielle
Published: November 2023

The Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is a commercially important aquaculture species and food resource along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the USA. In addition to its economic value, oyster aquaculture provides ecological value such as water quality improvement. Oyster filtration is highly variable as filtration behavior is influenced by environmental conditions, oyster size, and oyster energetic demands. However, average rates generated in laboratory experiments are often used to estimate the ecological impact of oyster filtration, and there is a need for field-based, farm-specific estimates of filtration that account for this variation. In this study, field experiments were conducted between September 2020 and September 2021 to estimate seasonal oyster filtration physiology at oyster farms in three different bays in the Mid-Atlantic (Barnegat Bay and Delaware Bay in New Jersey and Rehoboth Bay in Delaware). The physiological activity of oysters at each farm varied such that oysters at Barnegat Bay were the most active and oysters at Rehoboth Bay were the least active. Seasonal physiological trends were observed such that filtration behavior generally increased in warmer months. An increase in physiological activity across all farms was associated with an increase in salinity and temperature, but physiological activity at each farm was associated with a different suite of environmental variables including total particulate matter and the organic content of seston. This study provides a robust dataset which can be incorporated into models estimating ecological filtration rates in the Mid-Atlantic and adds to the growing body of evidence supporting bivalve aquaculture as a nutrient reduction strategy.
Interpreting oral conditions of the past: biocultural factors affecting Gran Canaria’s population between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries (Canary Islands, Spain)
Authors: Izquier Aarón Morquecho , Santana Jonathan , González Rebeca García
Published: November 2023

The European colonization of the Canary Islands was accompanied by new farming and food processing techniques as well as new dietary patterns. The current study sheds light on the impact of these new techniques and foodstuffs by delving into the oral conditions of members of this society in this timeframe. The analyses of the oral conditions of 85 adults of the Modern Era of Gran Canaria combined with spatial, temporal, and sex criteria led to identifying a paleodietary profile characteristic of this population. This pattern served to evaluate differences among other populations of the archipelago such as the earlier Indigenous Period of Gran Canaria and the Modern Era populations of the neighboring islands of Tenerife and Lanzarote. This study reveals a high prevalence of caries, dental calculus, and antemortem tooth loss, notably along the lines of sex. Comparisons between the different Indigenous and the Modern populations also point to statistical differences between dental caries and heavy macrowear. The Gran Canaria’s Modern Era population had a carbohydrate-rich diet compatible with the intake of cereal and sugar cane products. Oral conditions among males were likely influenced by the newly introduced consumption of tobacco. The results also confirm that the European colonization strongly altered the dietary patterns and food processing techniques inherited from the Indigenous Period. Finally, the comparisons of the Modern Era populations of the three islands of the archipelago reveal an asymmetry between dietary patterns and food processing techniques from one island to another.
Phase Portraits of a Class of Continuous Piecewise Linear Differential Systems
Authors: Li Jie , Llibre Jaume
Published: November 2023

The phase portraits of the planar linear differential systems are very well known. This is not the case for the phase portraits of the planar continuous piecewise linear differential systems. In this paper we classify the phase portraits of the class of planar continuous piecewise linear differential systems of the form $$\begin{aligned} {\dot{x}}= a|x|+by+c,\qquad {\dot{y}}= \alpha |x|+\beta y+\gamma , \end{aligned}$$

x
˙

=

a
|
x
|

+
b
y
+
c
,

y
˙

=
α

|
x
|

+
β
y
+
γ
,

in the Poincaré disc when $$a\beta -b\alpha \ne 0$$

a
β
-
b
α
≠
0

, and prove the existence and uniqueness of limit cycles. Note that on the straight line $$x=0$$

x
=
0

these differential systems are only continuous.
Electrochemical Activity of Carbon-Supported Pt-Nanoparticles: Effect of Pt-Precursor Ligand and/or Presence of Anions During Polyol Synthesis
Authors: Omann Kristian Juul , Sharma Raghunandan , Andersen Shuang Ma
Published: November 2023

This study revisits the impacts of the presence of OH− and Cl− anions and/or different forms of Pt precursors during polyol synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts. Efficiency of the synthesis process in terms of the %conversion of a Pt complex to Pt metal has been quantified. It is observed that Pt precursors based on [PtCl6]2− are reduced easily compared to those based on [Pt(OH)6]2−. Furthermore, presence of excess Cl− during synthesis results in decreased %conversion and reduced ECSA, which is opposite from other reported work synthesized at higher temperature and pure solvents. For Pt/C synthesis under mild conditions, 100 °C and 30 vol% EG in water as solvent, presence of OH− during synthesis decreases the ECSA and hence increases the Pt nanoparticle size and change of catalyst surface structure. Finally, a method to get insights into the surface structure of Pt-nanoparticles through analysis of the H-adsorption/H-desorption peaks has been proposed.

Graphical Abstract
Internal Polarization Field Induced Hydroxyl Spillover Effect for Industrial Water Splitting Electrolyzers
Authors: Xie Jingyi , Wang Fuli , Zhou Yanan , Dong Yiwen , Chai Yongming , Dong Bin
Published: November 2023

The formation of multiple oxygen intermediates supporting efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are affinitive with hydroxyl adsorption. However, ability of the catalyst to capture hydroxyl and maintain the continuous supply at active sits remains a tremendous challenge. Herein, an affordable Ni2P/FeP2 heterostructure is presented to form the internal polarization field (IPF), arising hydroxyl spillover (HOSo) during OER. Facilitated by IPF, the oriented HOSo from FeP2 to Ni2P can activate the Ni site with a new hydroxyl transmission channel and build the optimized reaction path of oxygen intermediates for lower adsorption energy, boosting the OER activity (242 mV vs. RHE at 100 mA cm–2) for least 100 h. More interestingly, for the anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) with low concentration electrolyte, the advantage of HOSo effect is significantly amplified, delivering 1 A cm–2 at a low cell voltage of 1.88 V with excellent stability for over 50 h.
Untethered Micro/Nanorobots for Remote Sensing: Toward Intelligent Platform
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Yang Shihao , Zhang Li
Published: November 2023

Untethered micro/nanorobots that can wirelessly control their motion and deformation state have gained enormous interest in remote sensing applications due to their unique motion characteristics in various media and diverse functionalities. Researchers are developing micro/nanorobots as innovative tools to improve sensing performance and miniaturize sensing systems, enabling in situ detection of substances that traditional sensing methods struggle to achieve. Over the past decade of development, significant research progress has been made in designing sensing strategies based on micro/nanorobots, employing various coordinated control and sensing approaches. This review summarizes the latest developments on micro/nanorobots for remote sensing applications by utilizing the self-generated signals of the robots, robot behavior, microrobotic manipulation, and robot-environment interactions. Providing recent studies and relevant applications in remote sensing, we also discuss the challenges and future perspectives facing micro/nanorobots-based intelligent sensing platforms to achieve sensing in complex environments, translating lab research achievements into widespread real applications.
Interviewkunst
Authors: Hoffmann Torsten
Published: November 2023

Interviews sind ein Paradebeispiel für die Ausweitung des Literarischen in der Gegenwartsliteratur. Lange Zeit als paratextuelle Sekundärkommunikation verstanden (und abgewertet), lässt sich seit rund zwanzig Jahren eine Entparatextualisierung des Interviews beobachten. Der Beitrag vergleicht die aktuelle Situation mit der Stellung des Interviews um 1970 und fragt nach Gründen für diese tektonische Verschiebung.
Kontrollierte Literatur
Authors: Haas Claude
Published: November 2023

Der Beitrag wendet sich dem Zusammenhang zwischen Stil und Gestik im deutschsprachigen Poproman zu. Während misslingende Gesten oft als Subversion gesellschaftlicher Konventionen betrachtet werden, die sich im literarischen Stil kondensieren, stimmt ein Autor wie Leif Randt Stil und Gestik bewusst auf kulturelle Erwartungen hin ab. Da er das eigene Schreiben zugleich gegen außerliterarische Indienstnahmen der Literatur abschottet, avancieren Stil und Gestik in seinen Romanen zu privilegierten Statthaltern der ästhetischen Autonomie.
The risk co-de model: detecting psychosocial processes of risk perception in natural language through machine learning
Authors: Rizzoli Valentina
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a classification system (risk Co-De model) based on a theoretical model that combines psychosocial processes of risk perception, including denial, moral disengagement, and psychological distance, with the aim of classifying social media posts automatically, using machine learning algorithms. The risk Co-De model proposes four macro-categories that include nine micro-categories defining the stance towards risk, ranging from Consciousness to Denial (Co-De). To assess its effectiveness, a total of 2381 Italian tweets related to risk events (such as the Covid-19 pandemic and climate change) were manually annotated by four experts according to the risk Co-De model, creating a training set. Each category was then explored to assess its peculiarity by detecting co-occurrences and observing prototypical tweets classified as a whole. Finally, machine learning algorithms for classification (Support Vector Machine and Random Forest) were trained starting from a text chunks x (multilevel) features matrix. The Support Vector Machine model trained on the four macro-categories achieved an overall accuracy of 86% and a macro-average F1 score of 0.85, indicating good performance. The application of the risk Co-De model addresses the challenge of automatically identifying psychosocial processes in natural language, contributing to the understanding of the human approach to risk and informing tailored communication strategies.
Parametric cohesive zone analysis of bi-adhesive single-step joints
Authors: Carvalho D. F. T. , Campilho R. D. S. G. , Vargas A. S. , Moreira R. D. F. , Madani K.
Published: November 2023

The industry has advanced in replacing traditional joining methods, such as screwing/riveting and welding, especially the aeronautical and automotive industries, which have adopted the adhesive bonding method. This method has the advantages of simplifying the process, improving performance in terms of fatigue load, and improving the union between dissimilar materials. In addition, the development of computational numerical methods, with greater precision, has contributed to the dimensioning of joints, as well as the prediction of the resistance of these joints, which has contributed to more reliable simulations of different adhesive bonding solutions and their industrial implementation. Different modifications to the conventional designs are addressed in the literature to achieve the best results, including geometrical and material modifications. In the present research, the strength of single-step single-adhesive joints and bi-adhesive joints (BAJ) manufactured with AW 6082-T651 aluminium adherends is experimentally and numerically studied for different overlap lengths (LO). Three commercial adhesives were studied, from brittle to ductile, along with different adhesive combinations in the BAJ technique. The experimental work was mainly used for numerical model validation. The numerical analysis took advantage of triangular cohesive zone models (CZM) and included the study of peel and shear stresses, strength, and energy to failure. It was possible to validate the CZM accuracy by comparison with the experimental data. The analysis carried out showed that the BAJ technique did not reveal significant increases in strength compared to single-adhesive joints. However, when damage tolerance and dissipated energy are analysed, a noticeable increase in performance is observed, especially in joints with larger LO.
Urban buildings sustainable adaptive reuse into tourism accommodation establishments: a SOAR analysis
Authors: Vardopoulos Ioannis , Giannopoulos Konstantinos , Papaefthymiou Effimia , Temponera Eleni , Chatzithanasis Georgios , Goussia-Rizou Maria , Karymbalis Efthimios , Michalakelis Christos , Tsartas Paris , Sdrali Despina
Published: November 2023

This study, conducted as part of the ‘RETOU’ research project, aims to provide a holistic understanding of adaptive reuse in the context of transforming heritage buildings into creative tourist accommodation units. To achieve the objective set for the current research, the methodology involved an in-depth exploration of the conceptual and theoretical evidence within the scholarly literature, followed by a SOAR analysis. The results have identified current strengths, and opportunities, as well as future aspirations and results specifically associated with adaptive reuse initiatives leading to tourist lodgings. The findings of this research endeavor contribute to the expanding body of literature on the adaptive reuse phenomenon. They provide valuable insights into the prevalent notion and understanding, particularly in the context of a tourist-centric urban destination. Furthermore, this research lays a solid foundation for sustainable policy measures planning, and practical implementation strategies development towards a circular economy transitioning action plan, well-serving objectives promoted by the agenda for sustainable urban development.
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonism alters astrocyte phagocytic activity and has potential applications to psychiatric disease
Authors: Bowen Ellen R. , DiGiacomo Phillip , Fraser Hannah P. , Guttenplan Kevin , Smith Benjamin A. H. , Heberling Marlene L. , Vidano Laura , Shah Nigam , Shamloo Mehrdad , Wilson Jennifer L. , Grimes Kevin V.
Published: November 2023

Schizophrenia is a debilitating condition necessitating more efficacious therapies. Previous studies suggested that schizophrenia development is associated with aberrant synaptic pruning by glial cells. We pursued an interdisciplinary approach to understand whether therapeutic reduction in glial cell—specifically astrocytic—phagocytosis might benefit neuropsychiatric patients. We discovered that beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) agonists reduced phagocytosis using a high-throughput, phenotypic screen of over 3200 compounds in primary human fetal astrocytes. We used protein interaction pathways analysis to associate ADRB2, to schizophrenia and endocytosis. We demonstrated that patients with a pediatric exposure to salmeterol, an ADRB2 agonist, had reduced in-patient psychiatry visits using a novel observational study in the electronic health record. We used a mouse model of inflammatory neurodegenerative disease and measured changes in proteins associated with endocytosis and vesicle-mediated transport after ADRB2 agonism. These results provide substantial rationale for clinical consideration of ADRB2 agonists as possible therapies for patients with schizophrenia.
Impact of COVID-19 visitation policies and hospital capacity on discharge readiness in medicine patients
Authors: Wallace Andrea S. , Raaum Sonja E. , Johnson Erin Phinney , Presson Angela P. , Allen Chelsea M. , Elliott Mackenzie , Bristol Alycia A. , Elmore Catherine E.
Published: November 2023

Background

COVID-19 impacted the experience of being hospitalized with the widespread adoption of strict visitation policies to ensure healthcare worker safety. One result was decreased time of caregivers at the bedside of hospitalized patients.

Objective

To understand the impact of pandemic-related system effects on patient-reported discharge preparation.

Design

This mixed methods study included interviews with a sample of discharged patients during April 2020, and quantitative hospital data from April 2020 to February 2021.

Participants

616 patients completed a measure of discharge readiness on their day of discharge and 38 patients completed interviews about their discharge experiences.

Main measures

Readiness for discharge (RHDS), visitation policies, ward structure changes, COVID-19-unit census, time into the COVID-19 pandemic, patient characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity), admission type (planned/unplanned, for COVID-19), and discharge destination (home, home health, skilled nursing).

Key results

Adult patients aged 30–45 (vs. young and older adult patients) and those being discharged to places other than home (e.g., skilled nursing facility) or to out-of-state residences report lower readiness (p < 0.05) on RHDS. Patient interviews revealed some gaps in discharge communication but, overall, patients expressed high discharge readiness and few concerns about how COVID-19 system changes impacted their discharge preparation.

Conclusions

While there is some evidence that visitation policies and unit census may impact patient perceptions of discharge preparation, personal characteristics contributed more significantly to discharge readiness than system changes during COVID-19. Participant interviews demonstrated agreement, as most participants were discharged home and identified strong personal feelings of readiness for discharge.

Clinical trials registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04248738, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04248738.
Berlioz: Symphonie Fantastique
Authors: Rushton Julian
Published: November 2023

Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique is a key work in the understanding of romanticism, programme music, and the development of the orchestra, post-Beethoven. It is noted for having a title and a detailed programme, and for its connection with the composer's personal life and loves. This handbook situates the symphony within its time, and considers influences, literary as well as musical, that shaped its conception. Providing a close analysis of the symphony, its formal properties and melodic and textural elements (including harmony and counterpoint), it is a rich but accessible study which will appeal to music lovers, scholars, and students. It contains a translation of the programme, which sheds light on the form and character of each movement, and the unusual use of a melodic idée fixe representing a beloved woman. The unusual five-movement design permits a range of musical topics to be discussed and related to traditional symphonic elements: sonata form, a long Adagio, dance-type movements, and thematic development.
Integrated Digital Marketing in Practice
Authors: Corcoran Andrew
Published: November 2023

Integrated Digital Marketing in Practice is a comprehensive guide to the transformative effect of digital technologies on all of the key practices of marketing. Considering a broad range of organization types, sizes and markets, this book provides an all-encompassing view of how digital technologies help marketers understand, anticipate and deliver on customer needs as efficiently and effectively as possible. Students will benefit from the clear structure and rich learning features, including case studies, key concepts in brief, digital and research insight boxes, review questions and skills development boxes. Instructor resources include model answers to practice exam questions, teaching slides, group discussion ideas, and practice activities.
Meat, vegetable, and fruit consumption among urban and rural elders aged 60+ years in regional China: a population-level nutritional study
Authors: Zhang Guilin , Kang Jian , Jing Shibao , Chen Yinhao , Deng Tianrui , Xu Huiqing , Wu Haidi , Xu Fei
Published: November 2023

The aim was to assess epidemiological characteristics of the most recent consumption patterns of meat, vegetable, and fruit among representative urban and rural residents aged 60+ years in regional China. In this cross-sectional survey conducted in mid-2018, participants aged 60+ years were randomly chosen from urban and rural communities in Nanjing municipality of China. Meat, vegetable, and fruit intake were assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to compute odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) to investigate the association of socio-demographic characteristics with a likelihood of meeting intake recommendation. Among the 20 867 participants, 49⋅5 % were men and 45⋅0 % urban elders, and 6⋅5 % aged 80+ years. The mean values of consumption frequency of red meat, white meat, vegetable, and fruit were 2⋅99 ± 2⋅28, 1⋅37 ± 1⋅13, 5⋅24 ± 6⋅43, and 2⋅64 ± 2⋅91 times/week, respectively, among overall participants. Moreover, there were 14⋅9, 23⋅7, and 12⋅1 % of participants meeting intake recommendations of meat, vegetable, and fruit, separately, in this study. After adjustment for potential confounders, age, gender, residence area, and educational attainment each was associated with the likelihood of meeting intake recommendation of meat, vegetable, or fruit. The consumption frequency and proportion of participants meeting intake recommendations of meat, vegetable, or fruit were not high among elders in regional China. Socio-demographic characteristics were associated with intake recommendations of meat, vegetables, and fruit. It has public health implications that participants’ socio-demographic attributes shall be considered for precision intervention on meat, vegetable, and fruit consumption in healthy eating campaigns among elders in China.