bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RECIST 1.1, mRECIST 1.1: RADIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF TUMOR RESPONSE TO CHEMOTHERAPY (literature review)
Authors: Жолдыбай Ж.Ж. , Хуснутдинова Г.И. , Жакенова Ж.К. , Есентаева С.Е. , Ахмульдинова А.Н. , Аманкулова Ж.Б. , Дауытова Ю.Т. , Филиппенко Е.В. , Абдидин Е.Н.
Published: December 2021

Определение изменений опухолевого роста является важной характеристикой клинической оценки терапии рака - как уменьшение размеров опухоли (объективный ответ), так и прогрессирование заболевания являются полезными конечными точками клинических исследований. Критерии RECIST были впервые опубликованы в 2000 г. и с тех пор начали применяться в мировой онкологической практике для оценки эффективности лечения. В 2009 году критерии RECIST 1.0 были пересмотрены и дополнены новыми данными RECIST 1.1 (2009 г.). Учитывая применение химиотаргетной терапии и особенности ответа на нее опухоли, предложены SACT критерии, модифицированные критерии RECIST (mRECIST) как способ адаптации критериев RECIST. Современные знания критериев оценки лечения солидных опухолей поможет лучевым диагностам правильно интерпретировать результаты исследований. В работе представлен обзор научных исследований по критериям оценки опухолевого ответа на лечение по данным радиологических исследований.

Determining of tumor changes is an important characteristic of the clinical evaluation of cancer therapy - both tumor shrinkage (objective response) and disease progression are useful endpoints of clinical trials. The RECIST criteria were first published in 2000 and since then have been used in the global oncological practice to assess the effectiveness of treatment. In 2009, the RECIST 1.0 criteria were revised and supplemented with new data from RECIST 1.1 (2009). Taking into account the use of target chemotherapy and the peculiarities of the tumor response to it, the SACT criteria and modified RECIST criteria (mRECIST) are proposed as a way to adapt the RECIST criteria. Modern knowledge of the criteria for ASSESSMENT OF TUMOR RESPONSE will help radiologyst to correctly interpret the research results. The paper provides an overview of scientific studies on the criteria for evaluating tumor response to treatment based on radiological studies.
CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ANATOMICAL SHORT LEG
Authors: Абдуразаков У.А. , Нечаев В.И. , Абдуразаков А.У.
Published: December 2021

В статье изучены клинические и диагностические значимости анатомической короткой ноги у 150 пациентов с деформацией стоп, патологией крупных суставов нижних конечностей, а у 24 пациентов было произведено эндопротезирование тазобедренных и коленных суставов. Они страдали хроническими болевыми синдромами, принимали консервативное лечение без эффекта. У всех наблюдавшихся при обследовании выявили наличие разницы в длине ног в 10 и более мм, соответственно перекоса таза с искривлением позвоночника. Одной из основных причин асимметрий осанки, повышенной утомляемости и хронических болей опорно-двигательной системы является нераспознанная структуральная разница в длине ног. При такой ситуации всякое мануальное и фармакологическое лечение носит лишь симптоматический характер. Решение механической проблемы требует механического подхода путем биомеханической коррекции с помощью индивидуальных ортезов стопы по системе Формтотикс.

The article describes the clinical and diagnostic significance of the anatomical short leg in 150 patients. Hip and knee arthroplasty was performed in 24 patients. The patients had chronic pain syndrome. All those observed during the examination revealed the presence of a difference in the length of the legs of more than 10 mm. In this situation, pharmacological treatment is symptomatic. One of the solutions to the problem is to correct the difference in leg length with the help of individual Formtotics orthoses.
MICROBIOLOGICAL SCREENING AND DETERMINATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF THE UROPATHOGEN ESCHERICHIA COLI IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE CLINIC OF THE ALMATY СITY HOSPITAL №7
Authors: Сон В.Н. , Рысулы М.Р. , Турсыналиев С.Т. , Рамазанов М.Е.
Published: December 2021

Бессимптомная бактериурия определяется как присутствие бактерий в моче беременных без признаков или симптомов инфекции мочевыводящих путей (ИМП). Стандартное микробиологическое исследование образцов мочи проведено с июня 2019 года по декабрь 2020 года у 800 беременных по программам скрининга на наличие мочеполовой инфекции (ИМП) в поликлинике городской клинической больницы №7 г.Алматы. Образцы были протестированы микробиологически по стандартным методикам, рекомендованных CAESAR. Выбор антимикробных препаратов (АМП) для включения в исследование чувствительности, а также принципы интерпретации результатов проводились согласно рекомендации Европейского комитета по определению чувствительности к антибиотикам (EUCAST). Представлены результаты оценки резистенности и чувствительности к антимикробным препаратам 138 клинических изолятов Escherichia coli, выделенных из образцов мочи беременных пациенток поликлиники №35 ГКБ №7 УОЗ г.Алматы. Основными уропатогеном в 66,3% являются E. Coli, меньше - в 15,9% Staphylococcus aureus и в 8,2% Klebsiella pneumoniae. Чувствительность изолятов Escherihia coli была для левофлоксацина (76,6%), комбинации пиперациллин/тазобактаму (73,7%), ципрофлоксацину (71,5%), тетрациклину (74,4%), но низкой для пиперациллина (24.8%), цефураксима (38,6%), тобрамицина (40,9%), цефазилина (40,1%), цефепима (40,1%); цефтазидима (43%), комбинации триметоприм/сульфаметаксазол (43,8%). Чувствительность E. coli к карбапенемам - для имипенема (73%), меропенема (67,8%), эртапенема (76,6%), а устойчивость составляла для эртапенема (13,8%), меропенема (16%) и имипенема (3,6%).

Asymptomatic bacteriuria is defined as the presence of bacteria in the urine of pregnant women without signs or symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI). A standard microbiological study of urine samples was carried out from June 2019 to December 2020 in 800 pregnant women under screening programs for the presence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in the ambulatory of the Almaty city clinical hospital № 7. The samples were tested microbiologically according to standard methods recommended by CAESAR. The choice of AMPs for inclusion in the susceptibility study, as well as the principles of interpretation of the results, were carried out according to the recommendation of the European Committee for the determination of antibiotic susceptibility (EUCAST). The sensitivity of Escherihia coli isolates was for levofloxacin (76.6%), piperacillin / tazobactam combination (73.7%), ciprofloxacin (71.5%), tetracycline (74.4%), but low for piperacillin (24.8%), cefuraxime (38.6%), tobramycin (40.9%), cefazilin (40.1%), cefepime (40.1%); ceftazidime (43%), trimethoprim / sulfametaxazole combination (43.8%). The sensitivity of Escherihia coli to carbapenems was for imipenem (73%), meropenem (67.8%), ertapenem (76.6%), and resistance was for ertapenem (13.8%), meropenem (16%) and imipenem (3,6%).
PAROXYSMAL STATES IN ADULTS (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Жиенбаева Б.С. , Мажирова Т.Б.
Published: December 2021

В данной статье автор рассматривает вопросы пароксизмального расстройства сознания у взрослых, которые выражаются в эпилептических припадках, потери сознания, обморок, панические атаки, расстройства сна. Оценка временных нарушений сознания имеет решающее значение для диагностики эпилептических припадков, обмороков, парасомний, органических энцефалопатий и психогенных непилептических припадков

A temporary change in consciousness is the main clinical problem of neurology. Assessment of transient disorders of consciousness is crucial for the diagnosis of epileptic seizures, syncope, parasomnias, organic encephalopathies, and psychogenic non-pictorial seizures. Attacks and other disorders of consciousness converge on a common set of cortical and subcortical structures. These structures constitute the "system of consciousness."Paroxysmal disorders are one of the most important problems of modern clinical medicine, which is characterized by a steady increase in the frequency of these pathological conditions in people of young and middle age and the diagnostic complexity of many conditions. The analysis of modern publications, presented the results of their own observations on the studied problem.
USE OF "INTRAFEN" IN MILD TO MODERATE COVID-19
Authors: Шарапханова А.М. , Оспанбекова Д.М. , Сагатбаева Н.А. , Бектасова А.Ш.
Published: December 2021

Повышение температуры тела человека-это своеобразная реакция на воздействие какого-либо агента и/или возбудителя, попавшего в организм человека. При каких-либо инфекционных заболеваниях в организме человека повышается температура тела человека. Также в настоящее время повышение температуры тела при распространенной коронавирусной инфекции является одним из симптомов заболевания. Цель: в нашей статье мы хотели бы рассмотреть клиническую ситуацию с больными COVID-19 и отметить, что был проведен ряд наблюдений и анализов для оценки эффективности и безопасности применения препарата «Интрафен» с целью снятия повышенной температуры, что дает положительный эффект лекарственного средства. Материалы и методы: рекомендовать пациентам с симптомами заболевания короновирусной инфекцией легкой и средней тяжести, С целью снижения повышенной температуры тела, противовоспалительного и улучшения общего состояния пациента, что мы достигнем положительного результата путем введения препарата интрафен в Вену. Результат: на основании анамнезных данных, полученных от больного, результатов клинических, лабораторных, инструментальных исследований выявлено эффективное действие препарата интрафен. Вывод: пациентам легкой и средней тяжести, перенесшим короновирусную инфекцию, можно увидеть, что введение препарата интрафен в Вену эффективно влияет на кратковременное снижение повышенной температуры тела, противовоспалительное действие, улучшение общего состояния больного.

An increase in a person's body temperature is a self-contained response to the action of some agent and/or pathogen that has entered the body. With any infectious diseases in the human body, a person's body temperature increases. In addition, with the current coronavirus infection, an increase in body temperature is one of the symptoms of the disease. Purpose: in our article, we would like to consider the clinical situation of patients with COVID-19 and draw attention to the fact that a number of observations and analyses were carried out to assess the effectiveness and safety of using the drug "Intrafen" in order to relieve elevated fever. Materials and methods: in order to reduce elevated body temperature, anti-inflammatory and improve the general condition of the patient, to suggest that we will achieve a positive result by injecting the drug intrafen into the vein in patients with mild to moderate severity with symptoms of coronavirus infection disease. Result: based on Anamnesis data obtained from the patient, the results of Clinical, Laboratory, and instrumental studies, the effective effect of intrafen was determined. Conclusion: by injecting the drug intrafen into the vein in patients of mild and moderate severity who have had a Coronavirus infection, it can be seen that it has an effective effect on the short-term reduction of elevated body temperature, anti-inflammatory effect, improvement of the general condition of the patient.
THE RESULTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF VARIOUS FORMS OF FOCAL LESIONS OF THE LIVER
Authors: Сахипов М.М. , Мадьяров В.М. , Жапаркулова Г.Р.
Published: December 2021

Объем резекции очень важен при хирургическом лечении очаговых заболеваний печени. Операции с использованием современного технического оборудования позволили снизить количество осложнений с 42,9% до 19,7%, а при масштабных резекциях - с 54,9% до 20,9%. Общая послеоперационная смертность снизилась с 7,1% до 2,5%. Долгосрочные улучшения результатов (с 74,3% до 89,6%) и снижение неудовлетворительных результатов с 17,6% до 5,8% могут быть достигнуты путем применения радикальных методов хирургического лечения различных форм очаговых поражений печени. У пациентов с заболеваниями печени может быть возможно улучшить выживаемость два и три года с 37,5% до 53,3% и с 25 до 40%.

The volume of resection is very important in the surgical treatment of focal liver diseases. Operations using modern technical equipment allowed to reduce the number of complications from 42.9% to 19.7%, and with large-scale resections - from 54.9% to 20.9%. Total postoperative mortality decreased from 7.1% to 2.5%. Long-term improvement of results (from 74.3% to 89.6%) and a decrease in unsatisfactory results from 17.6% to 5.8% can be achieved by applying radical methods of surgical treatment of various forms of focal liver lesions. In patients with liver disease, it may be possible to improve survival for two and three years from 37.5% to 53.3% and from 25 to 40%.
La actividad física recreativa de las personas con discapacidad visual en tiempos de confinamiento
Authors: Moreno Puntero D.
Published: December 2021

Se sabe que, desde tiempos inmemoriales, las personas con discapacidad practican algún tipo de actividad física. Hay bibliografía al respecto que lo corrobora; por ejemplo, Aguado (1995), basándose en diferentes hallazgos funerarios encontrados en diversas comarcas del planeta, es uno de los autores que lo afirman. Evidentemente, dentro del colectivo de personas con discapacidad se encuentran los ciegos. En un contexto más actual y más específico de la discapacidad visual, «los inicios del deporte de la ONCE se producen en sus colegios, con anterioridad, incluso, a la constitución de la propia ONCE como Institución en el año 1938.» (Castrillón, 2002, p. 23). De manera que se evidencia que, en España, la actividad física llega a los ciegos de la mano de la educación. Este artículo se va a referir incluso a una época más actual aún, una muy reciente: de 2020 en adelante, y enmarcada exclusivamente en el periodo de confinamiento y en tiempos de restricciones derivados de la aparición de la covid-19.
Eritema nodoso: gatta ci cova
Authors: Bacci Caterina , Picariello Sara , Vierucci Francesco , Mazzatenta Carlo , Vaccaro Angelina
Published: December 2021

Erythema nodosum is a panniculitis that can be triggered by many different stimuli. The paper describes the case of a child who presented with erythema nodosum as the unique clinical manifestation of cat scratch disease. Bartonella henselae infection usually presents with non-tender papule in the scratch line followed by subsequent onset of regional lymphadenopathy eventually associated with systemic symptoms. It can also present with atypical manifestation, such as erythema nodosum. The heterogeneity of the clinical presentations makes the disease to be underdiagnosed, whereby it is important to recognize atypical manifestations. Therefore, it is recommended to include Bartonella henselae serology in the diagnostic evaluation of erythema nodosum.
“Getting Old Before Getting Rich” and Africa: Of What Relevance is China's Economic Demography Transition?
Authors: Johnston Lauren A.
Published: December 2021

Rising awareness of Africa's mostly youthful populations has drawn attention to related opportunities and risks. To accurately scope and address these challenges requires clearly ascertaining the underlying dimensions of the demographic transition. It may also be useful for “younger” countries to learn selectively from the experiences of “older countries” in terms of a proactive approach to population structure and economic development over time. China, although very different from African nations in many respects, could offer an unusually useful and unique economic demography reference point. Gradually from 1980, China implemented a highly restrictive family planning agenda, the One-Child Policy. One consequence of that policy was an elevated and continuous importance placed on the interdependence of population structure and development. This paper attempts to show that, regardless of present and future circumstances of national economic demography, any African country could benefit, directly and indirectly, from an understanding of China's particular economic demography transition approach. A local equivalent could not only prompt more optimal intertemporal population structure-weighted policymaking, but also draw attention to the shifting global economic demography trends and related prospective consequences for African development.
Effects of ZIKV + IgG+ complex on murine microglial cells
Authors: Pinzetta Giulia , Becker Nicole Bernd , Krimberg Felipe , Zanatta Ângela , Siqueira Laura , Zanirati Gabriele , Costa Jaderson Costa da , Marinowic Daniel
Published: December 2021

Background: Infection by Zika virus (ZIKV) is associated with damage to the Central Nervous System, such as Congenital Zika Syndrome1 . Due to its transplacental transmission, ZIKV induces neuroinflammation and microglial activation, resulting in lesions that can compromise neurodevelopment2-4. The fetus protection can be provided by maternal antibodies. However, this protection is still controversial5 . In this context, it is necessary to elucidate the effects of ZIKV and the mechanisms involved. Objectives: The present work aim to evaluate the role of the ZIKV+IgG+ complex in murine microglia cells (BV2). Design and setting: BV2 were exposed for 24 or 72 hours, to ZIKV, ZIKA-IgG+ or ZIKV+IgG+ complex. Methods: Effects of exposure to treatments were evaluated by MTT, oxidation of DCFHDA (ROS production)6 and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δ∴ϑ), measured by JC-17 assay. Results: It was observed that ZIKV-IgG+ and the ZIKV+IgG+ complex are cytotoxic to microglia, impairing the viability of these cells, altering Δ∴ϑ and inducing the production of ROS, especially in long-term exposure8,9. Negative action mediated by these antibodies may be a result of oxidative stress and a intervention in the Δ∴ϑ. Conclusion: ZIKV-IgG+ antibodies are harmful to microglia and these mechanisms may be related to the potential for ZIKV neuroinflammation.
Cannabidiol Use as Treatment for Refractory Epilepsies
Authors: Araújo Catarina Secundino Tavares de , Gusmão Maria Clara Coppieters , Braga Rodrigo Mesquita Costa
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Refractory epilepsies have a great impact in patients’ quality of life. Thus, studies with alternative drugs are extremely important to seek for effective treatments to control the condition, and cannabidiol (CBD) has shown promising results. Objectives: To analyze CBD’s efficacy as an alternative treatment of patients with refractory epilepsy. Design and setting: this study is a literature review from Universidade Federal da Bahia. Methods: We searched the following formula on PubMed: [cannabidiol] AND [epilepsy]. The inclusion criteria were clinical trials published from 2016-2021. Results: 25 articles were found, from which 18 were selected and, from those, 1092 patients were analyzed. All studies pointed to a reduction in frequency and/or intensity of epileptic crisis in adults and children with refractory epilepsy using CBD, independently of the etiology. In Laux’s study, they noted reductions of 50% and 44% in motor and total seizures (respectively). Moreover, Birnbaum’s study showed that using CBD with a meal may cause variability of exposure of patients to the drug. Adverse effects were dose dependent, mainly diarrhea, sleepiness and less appetite. The interaction between CBD and anticonvulsants was not shown to have a prejudicial or neutralizing effect. Conclusion: CBD was shown to be capable of attenuating attacks in patients with refractory epilepsy. However, more randomized clinical trials are needed to analyze the efficacy and the safety of these medications in the short and long term.
Acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy of atypical presentation.
Authors: Frigo Yasmim Nadime José , Gramasco Hendrick Henrique Fernandes , Andrade Ana Flavia , Anastácio Guilherme Drumond Jardini , Trivellato Stella de Angelis , Dias Fernanda Rezende , Nakao Natalia de Castro Fim
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute / subacute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy that classically results in flaccid areflex palsy. However, there are other possibilities of clinical presentation that must be remembered so that an adequate diagnosis and treatment is carried out. Case report: Female patient, 23 years old, without comorbidities, with complaint of paresthesia in extremities and right peripheral facial paralysis, having diagnosis until then of Bell’s Palsy. She denied previous or current infectious complaints. The neurological examination revealed facial diparesis, proximal weakness of the lower limbs that made walking difficult, tactile and painful hypoesthesia in the feet, with reflexes 1+/4+ in the lower limbs and 3+/4+ in the upper limbs. An investigation was started with CSF collection that showed albuminocytological dissociation (proteins 440 mg/dl and leukocytes 01 mm3). Neuroimaging exams showed contrast impregnation in facial and trigeminal nerves. A diagnosis of acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy was made and treatment with human immunoglobulin was initiated for 5 days. Electroneuromyography showed peripheral, sensory-motor polyradiculoneuropathy and questioned the physiopathological possibility of juxtaparanodopathy. The patient presented a significant and early improvement after treatment. Conclusions: It is essential to consider that Guillain-Barré syndrome has symptom variability, especially according to its pathophysiology and clinical and electrophysiological variant, thus avoiding that conditions such as this one are underdiagnosed.
The relation between the menopause transition with higher rates of Alzheimer in the female gender: a literature review
Authors: Mendonça Bárbara Gazolla de , Leite Lara Lopardi de Souza , Amorim Carolina Falconi , Cruz Flávio Welinton Martins , Portes Gustavo Cosendey
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The reproductive senescence and the complete exhaustion of the germ cells result in processes capable of provoking changes in the hormone profile of women. The decrease in the bioenergetic metabolism during the menopause transition (MT), due to modifications in the estrogen levels, can be substrate for neurological dysfunctions. The physiopathological mechanisms of the Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are activated years before the symptoms and coincide with MT, making the female gender a risk factor. The review aims on analyzing the higher rates of AD in the female gender, based on physiological changes that occur in the MT. Methods: Literature review based on articles from the PubMed database. Results: Were compared results from cerebral images of women in MT with cognitively normal men with the same age. In the women were found alterations such as abnormalities in the biomarkers of AD and reduction of the cerebral metabolic rate. It was noticed that women in the post menopause presented hypometabolism in the same cerebral regions as patients with AD and a reduction of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase of the platelets. Conclusion: The study presented evident bioenergetic factors that corroborate to the relation of MT and higher incidence of AD in the female gender. This way, such transition represents a window of opportunity for possible therapeutic interventions.
Stroke death profiles in Brazil between the years 2010 and 2019
Authors: Iglesias Carolina Da Mota , Coppetti Liara Eickhoff , Teixeira Marcela Menezes , Siminovich Paula Loredo , Lignati Bernardo Neuhaus , Rocha Catarina Roos Mariano Da , Jovigelevicius Eduarda , Garcia Junior Manoel Ernani
Published: December 2021

Background: In most cases, strokes are events with an abrupt onset characterized by a neurological deficit attributed to a focal vascular cause. Such events can have ischemic or hemorrhagic origin with diagnosis attributed to clinical and imaging exams. In this work, we analyze the profile of deaths by stroke in the Brazilian population, outlining an overview of the disease in Brazil. Objective: Analyze stroke death profiles between the years 2010 and 2019. Methodology: We perform a descriptive documentary study based on the Mortality Information System (SIM) for the years 2010 to 2019, made available by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) Information Department. Our study is delimited by age, starting from 15-year-olds, and considering the ICD-10 I64 pathologies. Results: In the analyzed period, 400.395 stroke deaths were registered. Over the years, these deaths showed a decrease of approximately 24.47% with 2011 being the year with the highest number of registered deaths (n=44 892). The southeast region registered most deaths with 38.18% of the total. The most affected groups were men (50.79%), whites (46.43%), over 80 years-old (41.80%) and with no formal education (27.31%). Conclusion: There is a decrease in stroke cases in Brazil between 2010 and 2019. The high prevalence of deaths from stroke in the elderly highlights the need for greater control of modifiable risk factors to reduce mortality. Thus, the continuous improvement of socioeconomic, educational, and hospital care conditions in Brazil is necessary.
Warez
Authors: Eve Martin Paul
Published: December 2021

When most people think of piracy, they think of Bittorrent and The Pirate Bay. These public manifestations of piracy, though, conceal an elite worldwide, underground, organized network of pirate groups who specialize in obtaining media – music, videos, games, and software – before their official sale date and then racing against one another to release the material for free.

Warez: The Infrastructure and Aesthetics of Piracy is the first scholarly research book about this underground subculture, which began life in the pre-internet era Bulletin Board Systems and moved to internet File Transfer Protocol servers (“topsites”) in the mid- to late-1990s. The “Scene,” as it is known, is highly illegal in almost every aspect of its operations. The term “Warez” itself refers to pirated media, a derivative of “software.” Taking a deep dive in the documentary evidence produced by the Scene itself, Warez describes the operations and infrastructures an underground culture with its own norms and rules of participation, its own forms of sociality, and its own artistic forms. Even though forms of digital piracy are often framed within ideological terms of equal access to knowledge and culture, Eve uncovers in the Warez Scene a culture of competitive ranking and one-upmanship that is at odds with the often communalist interpretations of piracy.

Broad in scope and novel in its approach, Warez is indispensible reading for anyone interested in recent developments in digital culture, access to knowledge and culture, and the infrastructures that support our digital age.
Turkey’s Sports Success Assessment ın The World Para Taekwondo Championships
Authors: Karaaslan Hediye , Ilkim Mehmet , Özdemir Zehra
Published: December 2021

Aim: In this study, it is aimed to contribute to the literature by analyzing the success of Turkey participating in the Para Taekwondo World Championships. Methods: In the study, Turkey's success over the years, which participated in the World Para Taekwondo Championships, the first of which was held in 2009 and the last in 2019, has been made. For this purpose, tables were created by using document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods. Results: In the findings section, an evaluation was made by tabulating the years the championships were held and the number of participants in Turkey, the number of medals won and the world rankings of these years .As a result of the research, it was found that with the increasing number of participants in each championship, there was an increase in the number of medals won. Conclusion: In the conclusion part, with the call of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)'s 1001-Scientific and Technological Research Projects Support Program "Sports Research", attention was drawn to the project studies aimed at improving disabled athletes and sports for the disabled. It was emphasized that research and project studies on para taekwondo branch could increase the number of elite athletes and thus the successes in the international World Para Taekwondo Championships could be continued increasingly. Keywords: Para Taekwondo, Document analysis, World Para Taekwondo Championships
Investigation of Teachers' Level of Life Satisfaction and Perceptions of Individual Innovation in the COVID-19 Pandemic Process
Authors: Döşyilmaz Enver , Kayabaşi Ayhan
Published: December 2021

Background and Aim: This study seeks to examine whether there is a difference between the level of relationship between teachers' individual innovativeness perceptions and their life satisfaction and whether there is a difference in terms of some demographic variables during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The research is a quantitative study and was carried out in relational screening model. The sample of the study consists of 335 teachers working in schools affiliated to the Kahramanmaras Central District National Education Directorates. The data of the research was analysed using the Jamovi 1.6.12 statistical software program. Results and Conclusion:: As a result of the research, it was seen that the majority of the teachers were in the questioning and pioneering groups based on the scores of the individual innovativeness scale,. Significant differences were found in the scores of the participants' individual innovativeness scale sub-dimensions in terms of gender, marital status, branch, and sports status. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in life satisfaction scale scores in terms of gender, marital status, and branch variables (p>0.05); It was found that there was a significant difference in terms of the variable of doing sports (p>0.05); In addition, no significant relationship was found between the sub-dimensions of resistance to change, opinion leadership, openness to experience, and risk-taking and life satisfaction. Keywords: COVID-19, Teacher, Individual innovation, Life satisfaction.
Risk Stratification of Patients Undergoing Primary Pci for Stemi Using Dynamic Timi Risk Score at A Tertiary Care Cardiac Center
Authors: Hasan Jehangir , Hashim Kalwar Muhammad , Shaikh Javed Khurshed , Haleem Syed Mohammad , Hassan Butt Muhammad , Ali Gulzar
Published: December 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of severity based on dynamic TIMI scoring among STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI at a tertiary care Cardiac center. Subject and Methods: This case series study was carried out on 171 patients admitted with acute STEMI undergoing PPCI at the department of cardiology NICVD, Karachi for six months from February 1st to July 30th, 2018. After the selection of patients, they were shifted to the Cath lab, the arterial sheath was passed through the femoral route only although the radial route is also present but to reduce the bias we choose the same femoral route only. Angiography was done and the area of occlusion identified was ballooned/stented by the interventional cardiologist having experience of at least 03 years. The study parameters of dynamic TIMI risk score points were recorded on a predesigned proforma. Results: The mean age of the patients of the study subjects was 59.89±12.67, Distribution of gender was stated, 133(77.78%) patients were male and (22.22%) were female. Outcome dynamic TIMI risk score severity was stated, 86(50.29%) patients had a low risk, 62(36.26%) patients had a moderate risk, 23(13.45%) patients had a high risk. Conclusion: When used in STEMI patients, this new approach shows the ever-changing risks and could be helpful in clinical decision-making as well as risk assessment. Keywords: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; Primary percutaneous coronary intervention, TIMI
Laparoscopic Surgical Management of Rectal Cancer at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Yousfani Zubair , Atta Jabeen , Das Khenpal , Bala Madhu , Magsi Shagufta , Rind Ghullamullah
Published: December 2021

Objective: To evaluate the consequent outcomes in the patients with rectal cancer endured laparoscopic surgical excision at Department of Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, Hyderabad and to review their curative resection and recurrence rates, postoperative morbidities and complete survival. Methods: This prospective case series study was done at the Department of General Surgery of Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. All patients of 30-65 years ages with rectal cancer and underwent diagnostic laparoscopy either of gender were included. After removing the tumor, the specimen pinned out on a flat surface and placed in fixative solution to allow the orientation of the specimen and assessments of the exact margins. As the specimens had acceptable clear margins and limited invasion to the submucosa, no further surgical procedure was proceeded. Data was collected via study proforma. Results: A total of 40 patients were studied. Patients in the laparoscopic operation lost less blood with an amount of only 200mL during 190 minutes average operation time. The bowel functioning returned in 2 days averagely with 8 days average hospital stay. Conclusion: It is concluded that laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer is an effective, safe and feasible approach in terms of less post-operative complications and recovery time as well as Hospital stay. Key words: Rectal Cancer, laparoscopic surgery
Electrocardiographic Changes in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus Children with Diabetic Ketoacidosis Presenting to Tertiary care Hospital, Karachi
Authors: Rafique Irum , Parveen Roshia , Khoso Zubair , Mahar Shazia , Rani Versha , Ibrahim Mohsina
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Cardiac arrhythmias and arrest have been described in children with diabetic ketoacidosis and generally have been presumed to be caused by electrolyte abnormalities. The rationale of this study was to assess the role and importance of ECG monitoring, as a simple, quick, non-invasive and readily available tool in the diagnosis and confirmation of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia in patients with DKA in the Emergency Department Objective: To Assess the Frequency of electrocardiographic changes in Type-1 diabetes mellitus children with diabetic ketoacidosis presenting to tertiary care hospital, Karachi. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross sectional study was carried out at the department of pediatric medicine, NICH Karachi. At the time of presentation, the standard 12-lead ECG was recorded by a single pediatric cardiologist having more than 2 years of experience, QT and RR intervals were measured. Three separate measurements were obtained from each ECG, and the mean of these measurements was used as the value for QTC. QTC of at least 0.45s (450ms) was considered as prolonged QTC. QTD was also assessed at the same time and QTD>50 ms was considered as prolonged QTD. Results: One hundred cases of T1DM with DKA were included in this study. Average age of children was 7.9 ±3.5 years (Min – Max = 0.5 – 14 years), male to female ratio was 1: 0.96. Prolong QTc and QTd interval was observed in (56%) and (38%) children respectively, Mean (±SD) QTc and QTd interval was 449.4 ±36.6 mc and 39.3 ±16.1 mc respectively. While ECG changes were found in (58%) cases. Association between ECG changes and the cases with higher RBS (>350 mg/dl) was statistically significant 81 (81%) cases with ECG changes had higher RBS (p<0.0001) while ECG changes were statistically similar in both age groups and gender (p-values > 0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of ECG changes was higher in T1DM children with diabetic ketoacidosis. ECG changes was significantly associated with higher RBS (>350 mg/dl). Key words: T1DM, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, ECG, QTc, QTd
Best Qualities of Medical Facilitator, Students Perceptive View
Authors: Sarfraz Farrukh , Nawaz Sobia , Razaq Nadeem , Saif Ullah Muhammad , Mahmood Zahid , Rubab Khan Saima
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Medical education is blended day by day and there's a continuing need to assess the role of the facilitator in the field of medical education. A great medical facilitator is the one who clear the way within the making of our future clinicians. In this study we attempted to assess the qualities of best medical facilitator in basics and clinical sciences including all medical, surgical and their allied subjects from first year to final year MBBS Students Objective: To expedite the views of MBBS students at Azra Naheed Medical College about the best qualities of Medical facilitator Material and Methods Study design: quantitative cross sectional Settings: Azra Naheed Medical College Duration: Six months i.e. 1st January 2021 to 30th June 2021 Data Collection procedure: A well planned study was done at Azra Naheed medical college which includes all the MBBS students who participated after giving consent. The total numbers of participants in the study were 400. A validated questionnaire comprises of 12 leading statements regarding best qualities of medical facilitator was circulated. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS version 23. Results: The total number of participants in the study is 400 in which 60% participants were females and 40% were males. The age group in the study is 18-24 years. In this study top five qualities of nest medical facilitator were highlighted. Conclusion: A great facilitator is somebody who is receptive, engaging and motivating, and who includes a sound knowledge of subject of what they are attempting to instruct. They too have the capacity to communicate well with students. Key words: Medical facilitator, Student, Medical, Qualities
Forest Policies and Adaptation to Climate Change in Maine: Stakeholder Perceptions and Recommendations
Authors: Soucy Alyssa , De Urioste-Stone Sandra , Fernandez Ivan J. , Weiskittel Aaron , Rahimzadeh-Bajgiran Parinaz , Doak Tom
Published: December 2021

Socioeconomic pressures require forest management to address the impacts of climate change. However, we must ask, Are current forest policies sufficient to deal with the impacts of climate change? Here, we report on two surveys of forest stakeholders in Maine including woodlot owners and forestry professionals and discuss their perceptions of the barriers to climate change adaptation. We conclude with several policy directions including reevaluating existing policies, expanding incentive-based policies, integrating adaptation efforts into mitigation efforts, and increasing communication and outreach.
¿Qué falta hacer para mitigar los efectos del cambio climático en América Latina? Una revisión
Authors: Ortega-Marín Blanca Andrea
Published: December 2021

Introducción. El modelo capitalista ha sido asociado al agotamiento de los recursos fósiles, contaminación alarmante, notable deterioro en la calidad y cantidad de los recursos naturales, alteración en los ecosistemas y el cambio climático (CC). América Latina (AL) aporta arriba del 60% de la biodiversidad que sostiene la vida en la Tierra y a la humanidad. Esta región se caracteriza por su creciente pobreza y vulnerabilidad económica, social y medio ambiental. Estas realidades motivaron esta investigación con el fin de identificar si las acciones tomadas, frenarán o desacelerarán el CC, preservarán los recursos naturales en LATAM y sus resultados. Métodos. Búsqueda de publicaciones académicas e institucionales que abordaron la problemática entre 1970-2020. Desarrollo. Se encontraron metodologías de simulación hidrometeorológica y efectos, políticas públicas y programas. No toda la población está informada sobre el CC, su concientización es débil, así como su participación. Los agricultores de algunos países comparten experiencias de los efectos hidrometeorológicos. Solo algunos países disponen de información sobre metodologías, acciones de mitigación y medidas adaptativas y hay pocos programas de formación sobre estos temas. Conclusión. Se requiere de una estrategia integral para mitigar los efectos del cambio climático en América Latina que incluya a la población, que considere su opinión y la experiencia existente en políticas públicas y programas de atención al problema, que fortalezcan sus capacidades y herramientas a nivel local/regional.
José Cecilio del Valle y la Economía Política: su propuesta para Centroamérica del siglo XIX
Authors: Delgado Elvir Rafael
Published: December 2021

Introducción. José Cecilio del Valle (1777-1834) fue un destacado político centroamericano. También fue estudioso y promotor de la Economía Política. El presente estudio se centra en examinar las principales ideas de José Cecilio del Valle sobre Economía Política. Métodos. Se realizó un análisis de nueve de sus principales publicaciones sobre temas económicos para encontrar la vertiente del pensamiento económico a la cual pertenecen sus ideas. Desarrollo. Valle parece haber llegado a esta ciencia por medio de la economía política española. Influyen además en él las ideas de los economistas como A. Smith y D. Ricardo, así como de los economistas españoles. Se pronunció a través de sus escritos a favor del desarrollo de la región centroamericana sobre la base de su riqueza natural, sus habitantes y un sistema económico que desate todo ese potencial. Identificó el trabajo como la fuente de la riqueza, aboga por la eliminación de las desigualdades y defiende el libre comercio. Valle entendió la Economía Política como una disciplina que estudia procesos sociales y está relacionada con intereses, clases, ideas, opiniones y sistemas diferentes. El contribuyó a divulgar un conjunto de ideas que proponían el desarrollo capitalista para Centroamérica. Conclusión. A través de sus ideas plasmadas en ensayos y artículos se constatan sus propuestas enmarcadas dentro de la ilustración y el liberalismo, que lo convierten en un opositor del viejo sistema colonial.
The gamification of philosophy for meaningful learning in higher education
Authors: Zepeda Juan Carlos , Cantarero Melvin Alexander
Published: December 2021

Introduction. With the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, higher education institutions had to become more dynamic, to transform the face-to-face course in its traditional model towards an online course or distance mode, without changing the student-centered pedagogical model. This article documents the gamification of the philosophy course to get meaningful learning proposed by David Ausubel. Presentation of experience. It is implemented from a game program where the user interacts and plays while learning about the concepts found in each of the levels of the game. The software was developed using the Programming language (high level) C ++ version C ++ 17, using Visual Studio 2019 as an integrated development environment “IDE” in the epistemological unit of the philosophy class. Discussion. To implement the gamification of philosophy, collaboration between the engineering faculty with the Programming Lab III class and the administrative and social sciences faculty with the General Philosophy class is required. Conclusion. The gamification of a course implemented in tele-teaching contributes to meaningful student learning. Collaboration between faculties favors the interdisciplinarity of the teaching-learning process. A student-centered type of teaching arouses greater assimilation and interest, as the student transitions from a passive role to a leading role. The students show greater interest and importance of the pedagogical space, such as the development of competences, among others, the capacity for analysis and critical thinking.
Políticas Públicas y formación situada. Desafíos del distanciamiento
Authors: Mariela Mariela , Blasco Daniela
Published: December 2021

Este artículo está pensado como un encuentro, una conversación, entre quienes están escribiendo y un convite a quienes lo lean para formar parte del diálogo, que puedan interpelar las palabras, acompañando estas ideas con experiencias propias. Se intenta generar una conversación desde la trama que habilita a las dimensiones educación, prácticas pre profesionales y extensionistas, contextos y políticas públicas.

 Se hace referencia a las prácticas pre profesionales, aquellas que estudiantes de todos los campos desarrollan previo a su graduación, aunque enfocado principalmente en el área social y en el escenario educativo de la crisis sanitaria por pandemia. Con base a la experiencia que se desarrolló en el año 2020, se reflexionan las vivencias en el vínculo específico de las instituciones académicas – con sus docentes, investigadores, extensionistas y estudiantes – en relación a efectores específicos de políticas públicas. Esta experiencia parte de una articulación con un área puntual del Estado Provincial de Córdoba, en Argentina, la Secretaría de Niñez, Adolescencia y Familia.

A partir de este análisis de caso, se establecen algunas vinculaciones entre el aspecto político de la educación y los necesarios diálogos de saberes entre universidades y territorios, en una trama que se pretende reflexiva.
Extensión Universitaria en la Educación Superior y su vinculación con sociedad –Estado: referentes esenciales para la transformación social
Authors: Castilla Karla Patricia , Mendoza Castro Concepción , Solano Galeano Luz Marina
Published: December 2021

En la actualidad, la extensión universitaria es reconocida como la mejor expresión de integración creativa de la universidad-sociedad y su vínculo idóneo con el estado, por lo que existe la posibilidad de hacer de esta función un eje importante de la acción de la comunidad universitaria, como el hilo conductor del compromiso social de la Universidad, por ende, todos sus programas adquieren una extraordinaria relevancia en el quehacer de la UNAN Managua.

La vinculación de la universidad con la Política de extensión universitaria y sociedad consiste en el conjunto de acciones y procesos académicos ejecutados por los departamentos en cooperación con sectores externos a la universidad, como el Estado, los gobiernos locales, los sectores productivos y la sociedad civil, orientados a resolver problemas y ejecutar programas y proyectos que tengan impactos positivos en la localidad, región y país, así como en la formación profesional de los estudiantes.

Finalmente, el objetivo de este artículo, es establecer el contexto del desarrollo de la extensión Universitaria de la UNAN-Managua, específicamente de la Facultad Multidisciplinaria de Chontales (FAREM-Chontales) y su vinculación con la sociedad y el estado, teniendo como premisas contribuir a la demanda de la sociedad que favorece al cumplimiento de los ejes del Programa Nacional de Desarrollo Humano 2018-2021
Reseña de libro: Montobbio, Manuel (2019). La perplejidad del Quetzal. La construcción de la paz en Guatemala. F&G Editores
Authors: Aguilera Peralta Gabriel
Published: December 2021

El libro analiza los Acuerdos de Paz de Guatemala de 1996, que pusieron fin al enfrentamiento armado de 36 años, y discute la implementación de los compromisos derivados de los Acuerdos. El autor es un diplomático español que estuvo destacado en Centroamerica en los años 80 del siglo pasado, el periodo en que procesos negociatorios a nivel regional, Contadora y Esquipulas y a nivel nacional en El Salvador, Nicaragua y Guatemala que concluyeron los conflictos armados interestatales e intraestatales. Manuel Montobbio, quien es autor de un completo estudio sobre la paz en El Salvador, analiza en este volumen la experiencia de Guatemala en la que él participó personalmente.
necesidad de la aplicación del Principio de Vetting en procesos de paz: caso colombiano en la implementación normativa de la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz
Authors: Morán Castañeda Viviana
Published: December 2021

En el artículo se demuestra que la no aplicación del Principio de Vetting en el proceso e implementación del Acuerdo de Paz en Colombia ha obstaculizado la construcción de paz, obligación internacional del Estado, porque los actores de veto interfirieron en la implementación normativa de la JEP. Debido a esto, han impedido un proceso integral de rendición de cuentas sobre crímenes internacionales, así como el proceso de reincorporación política de excombatientes. Para esto, en primer lugar, se identifican los cambios en el diseño de la JEP, producto de las interferencias de los actores de veto. Luego se analizan estos cambios a la luz del principio de Vetting y, finalmente, se evidencian las consecuencias de estos como obstáculos al derecho a la paz.