bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated 3D scoring of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a confocal whole slide imaging scanner
Authors: Frankenstein Ziv , Uraoka Naohiro , Aypar Umut , Aryeequaye Ruth , Rao Mamta , Hameed Meera , Zhang Yanming , Yagi Yukako
Published: April 2021

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a technique to visualize specific DNA/RNA sequences within the cell nuclei and provide the presence, location and structural integrity of genes on chromosomes. A confocal Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) scanner technology has superior depth resolution compared to wide-field fluorescence imaging. Confocal WSI has the ability to perform serial optical sections with specimen imaging, which is critical for 3D tissue reconstruction for volumetric spatial analysis. The standard clinical manual scoring for FISH is labor-intensive, time-consuming and subjective. Application of multi-gene FISH analysis alongside 3D imaging, significantly increase the level of complexity required for an accurate 3D analysis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to establish automated 3D FISH scoring for z-stack images from confocal WSI scanner. The algorithm and the application we developed, SHIMARIS PAFQ, successfully employs 3D calculations for clear individual cell nuclei segmentation, gene signals detection and distribution of break-apart probes signal patterns, including standard break-apart, and variant patterns due to truncation, and deletion, etc. The analysis was accurate and precise when compared with ground truth clinical manual counting and scoring reported in ten lymphoma and solid tumors cases. The algorithm and the application we developed, SHIMARIS PAFQ, is objective and more efficient than the conventional procedure. It enables the automated counting of more nuclei, precisely detecting additional abnormal signal variations in nuclei patterns and analyzes gigabyte multi-layer stacking imaging data of tissue samples from patients. Currently, we are developing a deep learning algorithm for automated tumor area detection to be integrated with SHIMARIS PAFQ.
The relation between ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio and the severity of coronary artery disease in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Yaseen Rehab Ibrahim , El-Leboudy Mohamed Hesham , El-Deeb Hend Mohammed
Published: April 2021

Background

Apolipoprotein B is considered the primary protein constituent of low-density lipoprotein. LDL contains variable quantities of cholesterol, but each lipoprotein contains a single ApoB protein. Thus, ApoB is a better index for the LDL circulation if compared to LDL cholesterol. On the contrary, apolipoprotein A-1 is a main structural protein of high-density lipoprotein. It has a major role in reversing cholesterol flow and cellular cholesterol homeostasis once detected. The aim of the study is to measure apo B/apo A-1 ratio in patients with acute coronary syndrome and assess its relationship with the severity of CAD.

A total of 90 patients were enrolled in the study and subdivided into 3 groups: 30 patients of STEMI, 30 patients of NSTEMI, and 30 patients presented with unstable angina. Serum levels of apolipoprotein A-1 and apolipoprotein B were properly measured upon admission, and apo B/apo A-1 ratio was calculated.

Results

Both of Apo B and Apo B/Apo A1 ratio correlated significantly with Gensini scores (P value <0.001). High Gensini score patients had significantly high Apo B/Apo A1 ratio with the best cutoff value of 0.8 with sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 70%.

Conclusion

Apo B is an independent risk predictor for the severity of CAD in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Moreover, the Apo B/Apo A1 ratio remains highly significant in patients with high Gensini score.
Subtle right ventricular dysfunction in asymptomatic chronic heavy cigarette smokers: a speckle tracking case-control study
Authors: Janhangeer Mohammad Iqbal , Youssef Ghada , El Naggar Weal , El Remisy Dalia
Published: April 2021

Background

Chronic heavy cigarette smoking can affect the right ventriclular function. The standard echocardiography may not show early right ventricular functional changes, and a more sensitive measure is needed. The aim of this work was to evaluate the subtle subclinical effects of chronic heavy cigarette smoking on the right ventricular function. The study included 55 healthy asymptomatic chronic heavy cigarette smokers (smoking history of at least 5 pack-years and a daily cigarette consumption of at least 1 pack) and 35 healthy non-smoking control subjects. Patients underwent a full clinical assessment and a conventional as well as a 2D-speckle tracking transthoracic echocardiography of the right ventricle and data was compared between the 2 groups.

Results

The mean age was 32.9 ± 7.2 years in smokers and 30.9 ± 7.9 years in non-smokers (p = 0.227). The 2 groups showed comparable conventional right ventricular systolic and diastolic functions. Smokers showed a significantly lower (less negative) right ventricular global longitudinal strain (− 19.0 ± 3.2% vs. − 24.5 ± 3.5%, p < 0.001). Patients with a higher daily cigarette consumption showed a poorer right ventricular global longitudinal strain (p = 0.014).

Conclusion

Chronic heavy cigarette smoking can adversely affect the right ventricular function, a finding that can be easily missed by conventional echocardiography and can be better detected by the right ventricular speckle tracking.
Target-oriented time-lapse waveform inversion using deep learning-assisted regularization
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Alkhalifah Tariq , Guo Qiang
Published: April 2021

Detection of the property changes in the reservoir during injection and production is important. However, the detection process is very challenging using surface seismic surveys because these property changes often induce subtle changes in the seismic signals. The quantitative evaluation of the subsurface property obtained by full-waveform inversion allows for better monitoring of these time-lapse changes. However, high-resolution inversion is usually accompanied with a large computational cost. Besides, the resolution of inversion is limited by the bandwidth and aperture of time-lapse seismic data. We have applied a target-oriented strategy through seismic redatuming to reduce the computational cost by focusing our high-resolution delineation on a relatively small zone of interest. The redatuming technique generates time-lapse virtual data for the target-oriented inversion. Considering that the injection and production wells are often present in the target zone, we can incorporate the well velocity information with the time-lapse inversion by using regularization to complement the resolution and illumination at the reservoir. We use a deep neural network to learn the statistical relationship between the inverted model and the facies interpreted from well logs. The trained network is used to map the property changes extracted from the wells to the target inversion domain. We then perform another time-lapse inversion, in which we fit the predicted data difference to the redatumed one from observation, as well as fit the model to the predicted velocity changes. The numerical results demonstrate that our method is capable of inverting for the time-lapse property changes effectively in the target zone by incorporating the learned model information from well logs.
The general dislocation source model and its application to microseismic focal mechanism inversion
Authors: Li Han , Chang Xu , Hao Jinlai , Wang Yibo
Published: April 2021

Research on the non-double-couple (NDC) components in an earthquake is important for characterizing true source processes. The moment-tensor (MT) source model is commonly used to study NDC earthquakes. However, MT inversions are still challenging when earthquakes have small magnitudes, especially microearthquakes. The general-dislocation (GD) model specifies the focal mechanism as a shear-tensile slip on a fault plane; thus, GD inversion is better constrained than MT inversion. We focus on GD model-based waveform forward modeling and its application to microseismic source inversions. We expand the generalized reflection-transmission matrix method to synthesize waveforms based on the GD model and fully describe a GD source with five parameters: the scalar seismic moment (which defines the magnitude) and the strike, dip, rake, and slope angles (which define the fault geometry). We compare the GD, MT, and double-couple models and introduce the differences in their characterization and wave synthesis theories. We have developed a GD model-based microseismic focal mechanism inversion method that requires calculating only four angles under hybrid constraints. Two sets of solutions correspond to the same seismograms in a GD model-based inversion. These two solutions have the same scalar seismic moment and slope angle but different strike, dip, and rake angles, and we have derived formulas for mapping from one solution to the other. Synthetic and field surface microseismic data sets are used to test our GD model-based modeling and inversion methods. According to our study, the GD model is effective in microseismic focal mechanism inversion. By developing specific wave synthesis and inversion methods for the GD model, we offer a novel perspective to study this model and the NDC mechanisms for hydraulic fracturing-induced microearthquakes.
Source and reservoir characteristics of the Upper Triassic lacustrine Chang 6 tight oil play in the Zhangjiagou area, Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Cao Yan , Han Hui , Chen Shijia , Liu Rui , Zhang Jingyue , Guo Chen , Pang Peng
Published: April 2021

To explore the source and reservoir characteristics of Chang 6 tight oil in the Zhangjiagou area, we have extracted a suite of Chang 6 tight sandstones and the source rocks from the seventh to ninth members of the Upper Cretaceous Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, China, respectively, using chloroform. We examined group components by fractionations of extracted organic matter. Using low-pressure gas adsorptions and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively, we analyzed the pore structure of the studied samples before and after extraction and the oil source of the separate saturated hydrocarbon components. The results indicate that the porosity of the Chang 6 tight sandstone is mainly distributed in the 8%–14% range, averaging 10.5%, the permeability of the studied reservoir is only approximately 0.16 × 10−3 μm2, and the pore-throat radius is mainly less than 2 μm. The major type of pores of the reservoir includes the residual intergranular pore, secondary intergranular dissolved pore, and intragranular dissolved pore. The micropore volume of the Chang 6 tight sandstone is in the range of 0.0071–0.0092 cm3/g, and the mesopore volume of the Chang 6 tight sandstone is in the range of 0.0237–0.0343 cm3/g. The micropore volume and micropore surface area significantly increased after chloroform extractions, and soluble hydrocarbons could be stored in micropores of the Chang 6 tight sandstone. The three sets of source rocks from the seventh to ninth members of the Upper Cretaceous Yanchang Formation are high quality by the evaluation of source rocks, and the Chang 7 has the highest value of source rocks, followed by Chang 9 and Chang 8. The pentacyclic triterpene characteristics (Ts-C30H-C30*) of Chang 6 crude oil are similar to those of Chang 7 source rock, and the tight oil of the Chang 6 member in the Zhangjiagou area originated from Chang 7 source rocks.
CT findings in a patient with Coronavirus Disease-19-associated acute pericarditis
Authors: Tashiro Yuki , Kurihara Mana , Hori Yosiro , Nakamura Yuya , Kuarata Masaaki , Toshida Tsutomu , Asano Taku , Ebato Mio , Suzuki Hiroshi , Hashimoto Toshi
Published: April 2021

Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19)-associated acute pericarditis is a rare complication. Several cases have been reported, but those reports have not discussed any imaging findings. Here, we report a case of a 76-year-old female diagnosed with COVID-19-associated pericarditis without pneumonia, and present image findings of the patient’s contrast-enhanced CT.
Comparison of digital image displays performance in the detection of artificial internal root resorptions lesions
Authors: da Hora Matheus Nogueira , Rosado Lucas de Paula Lopes , Neves Frederico Sampaio , Crusoé-Rebello Ieda , Vasconcelos Taruska Ventorini
Published: April 2021

Objective:

To compare the diagnostic efficacy of different devices for visualizing digital images in detecting simulated internal root resorption (IRR).

Methods:

26 uniradicular human teeth were sectioned along its long axis and randomly divided into two groups. Then, they were submerged in hydrochloric acid (HCl) P.A 37% at different times to make two types of defects: Type 1 (2 hours), and type 2 (3 hours). Digital periapical radiographs were acquired in three moments: before section, after section and after immersion in acid. The images were evaluated on three different devices: 27-inch iMac Desktop, 8-inch Android Tablet, and 5.5-inch iPhone 8 Plus using a 5-point scale.

Results:

The sensitivity and accuracy values were higher with the use of the Android Tablet, for both types of defects. For the values of the area under ROC curve, higher results were observed with the Android Tablet and lower results with the iMac, showing a significant difference (p < 0.05) when comparing the use of the iMac with the Android Tablet and iPhone 8, for type 1 defects. When comparing the different devices, in the evaluation of images of type 2 defects, the values showed no statistical difference, regardless of the device evaluated (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

The size of the lesion interferes with the detection capacity in the image. However, the use of portable devices does not impair the diagnosis of IRR, regardless of size and the dental practioners may use different devices/display, under optimal viewing conditions, to detect IRR lesions, without jeopardizing the diagnostic ability.
Τρέχουσα δημόσια τέχνη
Authors: Μπολωνάκη Στυλιανή
Published: April 2021

Η παρούσα διατριβή εστιάζει στην τρέχουσα περίοδο δημόσιας τέχνης, διερευνώντας τις διασυνδέσεις της με τις άνισες σχέσεις εξουσίας, σύμφωνα με τις εξαιρέσεις και τους αποκλεισμούς που δομούν οι νεοφιλελεύθερες πολιτικές στον δυτικό κόσμο. Θεωρώντας πως η δημόσια τέχνη έχει απομακρυνθεί από την συγκεκριμένη περιοχή της ιστορίας τέχνης κάτω από τη νέα οπτική της πολύπλοκης γεωπολιτικής διαμόρφωσης, η οποία καθορίζει τα σημερινά συστήματα πολιτιστικής διαχείρισης και παραγωγής, διαμορφώνοντας έτσι ένα σύνολο αποσπασματικών σχηματοποιήσεων και χωροταξικών διευθετήσεων που συστήνουν εφήμερες κινητικές πρακτικές στη διευρυμένη συνθήκη. Αναπτύσσονται έτσι ανεξάρτητες μορφές τέχνης από την περιφερειακή τοπική ιδιαιτερότητα παρά μόνο ως τουριστικές εξωτικές ετεροτοπίες, οι οποίες διαχέονται στην αστική σφαίρα, στις διεθνείς εκθέσεις και τις μπιενάλε. Παράλληλα, θέτονται ευρύτεροι προβληματισμοί σχετικά με τις «εκ-των-άνωθεν» διαδικασίες σύστασης πρακτικών δημόσιας τέχνης, οι οποίες δεν αναγνωρίζουν τις άνισες σχέσεις εξουσίας και τις συγκρούσεις που προκύπτουν από τις διαφορές αυτές αλλά αντιθέτως παρουσιάζονται ως κοινωνικός και πολιτικός διαρθρωτικός ουδέτερος μηχανισμός. Νεοαποικιακές μορφές ιθαγένειας, κινητικότητας και υβριδισμού πολιτιστικών ταυτοτήτων ενισχύονται από τα ιδρύματα ώστε δομείται μια συνεχιζόμενη παραγωγή πρακτικών, οι οποίες κατασκευάζουν νέα πρότυπα δημόσιας σφαίρας που συστήνουν όμως αφαιρετικά και απλουστευτικά μοντέλα ανθρώπινης αλληλεπίδρασης στην εξαιρετικά πολύπλοκη τρέχουσα πραγματικότητα. Στο πλαίσιο αυτής της έρευνας στην παρούσα διατριβή αποδόθηκε ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στον καλλιτεχνικό συμμετοχισμό ως εκδοχή της πολιτικής ευθύνης χωρίς όμως να ισοδυναμεί με ηθική πολιτική δέσμευση λόγου, αλλά ένα γενικότερο αισθητικό-πολιτικό σχέδιο στο πλαίσιο του συναινετικού διάλογου. Οι τρέχουσες πρακτικές δημόσιας τέχνης εξετάζονται επίσης κάτω από το πρίσμα της διϋποκειμενικής κοινωνικότητας που συνιστά η συνθήκη της δημόσιας τέχνης, ευθυγραμμισμένη με το πολιτικό συμφραζόμενο του ακτιβισμού και τις βιοπολιτικές τεχνολογίες και σε συνέχεια με έναν αριθμό πρακτικών, οι οποίες προέρχονται από αταξικούς κοινωνικούς σχηματισμούς συλλογικής αυτοοργάνωσης, διεκδικώντας κοινωνική χειραφέτηση. Η έρευνα αυτή επεκτάθηκε συμπεριλαμβάνοντας πρακτικές αλληλεγγύης (κοινωνική συνοχή), αυτονομίας (αυτοθέσμιση, ανεξαρτησία από επίσημους παραδοσιακούς θεσμούς) και αμεσοδημοκρατίας (πολιτικές στο «εδώ και τώρα»), επανανακαθορίζοντας έτσι το πεδίο δημόσια τέχνη ως μια σημαίνουσα πρακτική δημιουργικής κοινωνικής αυτοοργάνωσης για την κατανόηση τοπικών σφαιρών σε δίκτυο με διασπορικές δημόσιες σφαίρες.
Tätigkeitsbericht für das Jahr 2013
Authors: Lassau Guido
Published: April 2021

Der Tätigkeitsbericht des Kantonsarchäologen bietet einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Kennzahlen und die Arbeiten in den verschiedenen Abteilungen der Archäologischen Bodenforschung im Jahr 2013.
A draft sequence reference of the Psilocybe cubensis genome
Authors: McKernan Kevin , Kane Liam T. , Crawford Seth , Chin Chen-Shan , Trippe Aaron , McLaughlin Stephen
Published: April 2021

We describe the use of high-fidelity single molecule sequencing to assemble the genome of the psychoactive Psilocybe cubensis mushroom. The genome is 46.6Mb, 46% GC, and in 32 contigs with an N50 of 3.3Mb. The BUSCO completeness scores are 97.6% with 1.2% duplicates. The Psilocybin synthesis cluster exists in a single 3.2Mb contig. The dataset is available from NCBI BioProject with accessions PRJNA687911 and PRJNA700437.
SARS-CoV-2 and the role of close contact in transmission: a systematic review
Authors: Onakpoya Igho J. , Heneghan Carl J. , Spencer Elizabeth A. , Brassey Jon , Plüddemann Annette , Evans David H. , Conly John M. , Jefferson Tom
Published: April 2021

Background: SARS-CoV-2 transmission has been reported to be associated with close contact with infected individuals. However, the mechanistic pathway for transmission in close contact settings is unclear. Our objective was to identify, appraise and summarise the evidence from studies assessing the role of close contact in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. 

Methods: This review is part of an Open Evidence Review on Transmission Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. We conduct ongoing searches using WHO Covid-19 Database, LitCovid, medRxiv, PubMed and Google Scholar; assess study quality based on the QUADAS-2 criteria and report important findings on an ongoing basis.

Results: We included 181 studies: 171 primary studies and 10 systematic reviews. The settings for primary studies were predominantly in home/quarantine facilities (31.6%) and acute care hospitals (15.2%). The overall reporting quality of the studies was low to moderate. There was significant heterogeneity in design and methodology. The frequency of attack rates (PCR testing) was 3.5-75%; attack rates were highest in prison and wedding venues, and in households. The frequency of secondary attack rates was 0.3-100% with rates highest in home/quarantine settings. Three studies showed no transmission if index cases had recurrent infection. Viral culture was performed in three studies of which two found viable virus; culture results were negative where index cases had recurrent infections. Ten studies performed genomic sequencing with phylogenetic analysis – the completeness of genomic similarity ranged from 81-100%. Findings from systematic reviews showed that children were significantly less likely to transmit SARS-CoV-2 and household contact was associated with a significantly increased risk of infection.

Conclusions: The evidence from published studies demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted via close contact settings. The risk of transmission is greater in household contacts. There was wide variation in methodology. Standardized guidelines for reporting transmission in close contact settings should be developed to improve the quality reporting.
Automated Ultrasonic Inspection of Adhesive Joints and Three-Layer Structures Made of Polymer Composite Materials
Authors: Ivanov Vladimir , Starikovsky Gennady , Boitsov Andrey , Zagumennova Anastasiya , Kruchinkin Nikolay , Tyshov Egor
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The research considers the NDT results with through-transmission ultrasonic techniques of samples of adhesive joints and three-layer polymer composite structures with artificial defects simulating the common failures of parts for aerospace equipment. The purpose of the conducted research was to determine the detectability of common defects in such structures during an automated ultrasonic testing. A set of samples prepared for the research had artificially embedded defects, simulating the delamination of skins and disbonds of adhesive joints. The set consisted of four types of samples with different skin material; with different material, height and size of honeycomb cells (for three-layer structures) and with different types of adhesive joints — for reinforced stringer structures. Method. These samples were analyzed using two types of automated through-transmission ultrasonic techniques. The first type is transmission of ultrasound through a layer of air, the second type is through a jet of water. Two automated systems were used:, a Technische Beratung Schittko GmbH machine for the first case, and Tecnatom robotic system for the second case. Pseudocolor C-scan is a diagnostic testing document for both systems. C-scan analysis is based on the thresholding method. Results 1. The inspection of stringer samples demonstrated that they can be inspected with a non-contact technique using an air inlet at frequencies of 40 and 500 kHz with a sensitivity of at least 1 cm2. The water jet inspection of adhesive joints at frequencies of 1 MHz and 5 MHz can provide a sensitivity of 0.3 cm2. 2. All samples of three-layer structures, including honeycomb cores of various thicknesses, turned out to be uninspectable when tested with an air inlet at a frequency of 500 kHz. 3. Three-layer structures with a honeycomb core height of up to 8 mm can be inspected with the non-contact through-transmission ultrasonic technique at a frequency of 40 KHz with a sensitivity of 5 cm2. Such structures can also be inspected with the jet method at a frequency of 1 MHz with a sensitivity of 1 cm2. 4. Three-layer structures with a honeycomb core height of 80 mm and more cannot be inspected with the through-transmission ultrasonic technique using an air inlet due to the significant ultrasonic attenuation. They can be inspected with the jet method at a frequency of 1 MHz with a sensitivity of 1.8 cm2. Conclusion. Automated through-transmission ultrasonic testing of three-layer structures and adhesive joints ensures reliable detection of defects with a diameter of 15 mm for adhesive joints of monolithic parts and detection of defects with a diameter of 15–25 mm for three-layer structures, depending on the thickness of the skin and core.
Method for Operational Diagnostics of the Prepumping State of Gas Turbine Engines Based on Invariants of Acoustic Processes
Authors: Popov Aleksey , Romanov Aleksandr
Published: April 2021

A large number of aviation events are associated with the surge of gas turbine engines. The article analyzes the existing systems for diagnostics of the surge of gas turbine engines. An analysis of the acoustic signal of a properly operating gas turbine engine was carried out, at which a close theoretical distribution of random values was determined, which corresponds to the studied distribution of the amplitudes of the acoustic signal. An invariant has been developed that makes it possible to evaluate the development of rotating stall when analyzing the acoustic signal of gas turbine engines. A method is proposed for diagnosing the pre-surge state of gas turbine engines, which is based on processing an acoustic signal using invariant dependencies for random processes. A hardware-software complex has been developed using the developed acoustic method for diagnosing the pre-surge state of gas turbine engines.
Chemical Photographic Treatment of Radiographic Films
Authors: Makarov Alexey
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the features of automatic treatment of radiographic films, technological and psychological problems in the transition from manual processing to the use of machines for photographic processing. The chemical features of the development process in photomachines are discussed, typical errors and methods of their elimination are listed, the idea is expressed that it is necessary to control all components of the photomachine processing process. It was concluded that the main problems arising from machining are associated with a human factor: the photomachine exhibits films qualitatively and stably only with a corresponding production culture. The need for the early translation of ISO 11699-2 and the creation of its Russian counterpart was emphasized.
RETHINKING THE “BARCELONA MODEL”: MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS OF THE CITY
Authors: Fernandes Ana Maria Viera , Paes Maria Tereza Duarte
Published: April 2021

For decades, the city has created food models by requiring the countryside to meet the growing demand with increasingly more homologated crop reconversions and increasingly vast and competitive farms. The current acceleration of the land concentration process and the dramatic experience of the COVID 19 pandemic have, however, forced us to redefine the city-country relationship, which has been called into question for some years now in various FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) and EU (European Union) documents.  Based on the GECOAGRI-LANDITALY (Comparative Geography of Agricultural Areas European and non-European) survey itinerary, a proven tool for reading local peculiarities, the authors show how easy it is to recognize which farmlands can best fulfil the role of guaranteeing food safety and protecting the quality and typicality of traditional foods. The final proposal is to start a new agri-food policy that no longer starts from the demand formulated by the city but, reversing the direction of the old relationship, it starts from the availability of products offered by the countryside to re-educate consumption and promote the sustainability of agricultural practices.
The Correlation Between Tnm and Yy1 and P53 Mrna Expression in Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Banjarnahor Pulo RS , Rahardjo Sutji Pratiwi , Savitri Eka , Hatta Mochammad , Suhadi FX Budhianto , Bukhari Agussalim
Published: April 2021

Nasopharyngeal cancer is the fifth most severe malignant disease in the head and neck in the human body. The main treatment is chemoradio therapy. The protein gene 53 (p53) is a tumor suppressor gene. YinYang1 (YY1) is a transcription factor having an important role in cell cycle control. YY1 can function as an activator, suppressor or initiator of the gene transcription process. This research aims to see the relationship between p53 mRNA gene expression and YY1 mRNA gene expression on the NPC TNM Stage. Materials andmethods cross-sectional research at 20 WHO type 3 NPC in which 3 samples after chemoradiotherapy, 17 non-chemoradio therapy samples consisted of 8 stage two samples, 7 stage three samples and 2 stage four samples. With RT-PCR, YY1 mRNA gene expression and p53 mRNA gene expression were measured, then the T-test was independent of the average chemoradio therapy group. It was concluded, at a higher NPC stage, the level of YY1 mRNA gene expression was relatively higher while p53 expression was lower. Post-chemoradio therapy levels of p53 mRNA gene expression were higher and YY1 expression was lower than in the non-chemoradio therapy group.
Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Anti-cancer Activity of Calcium Phosphate Encapsulated Resveratrol in Mouse Skin Cancer Model
Authors: Arora Reena , Samim Mohammed , Parkash Chander
Published: April 2021

Resveratrol, a non-flavonoid phenolic phytochemical present in red grapes and berries, has been reported to have significant health benefits. Resveratrol is known for its chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects in multiple cancers as well as cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. But its higher lipophilicity, poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability remains a challenge for its usage as an effective chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent. To overcome this,we have prepared a biocompatible calcium phosphate encapsulated resveratrol (Nanoresveratrol; NRV) and studied its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities in the present study.Nanoresveratrol, unlike resveratrol, readily dispersed in aqueous media and showed a sustained release. Nanoresveratrol (NRV) and resveratrol (RV) showed comparable antioxidant activities. The anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of nanoresveratrol were studied for its inhibitory effect on 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) promoted skin inflammation and tumorigenesis mouse model. Nanoresveratrol showed a significant decrease of TPA-induced skin edema, ODC activity and thymidine incorporation when compared to resveratrol. Nanoresveratrol also inhibited chemical-induced tumorigenesis.Overall, the study results support that nanoresveratrol may represent a potential anti-cancer agent and warrants further investigations for the treatment of skin cancer.
Effect of Dietary Ginger as Feed Additive on Gastrointestinal Integrity, Hepatic Condition and Metabolic Parameters of Female Mice
Authors: Ismail Aliaa A. , Zeidan Dalia W. , Almallah Amani A , Gaber Aya A. , Abdelrazek Heba M. A.
Published: April 2021

Present work aimed to study the influence of dietary ginger inclusion in female mice on gastrointestinal integrity, hepatic condition and metabolic parameters. Thirty female mice (18± 2 g) were assigned into 3 groups; control group fed standard rodents’ basal diet, ginger 2% and ginger 5% mice were basal diet supplemented with 2% and 5% ginger powder, respectively for 30 days. Weight gain, feed conversion (FCR) and efficiency (FER) ratios were recorded. Serum liver enzymes, lipid profile, total protein and albumin were measured beside estimation of hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Gastric, intestinal and hepatic histopathology were performed as well as intestinal histomorphometry. Results revealed improvement in FCR, FER and most tested biochemical parameters, in 2% ginger group than control. Hepatic MDA and GSH were significantly (P<0.05) increased and decreased, respectively in 2% ginger group. However, ginger 5% group exhibited improvement in intestinal histomorphometry while adversely affected gastric mucosa and hepatic tissue histopathology. Also increased hepatic MDA and reduced GSH were prominent in 5% ginger group along with mild gastric and hepatic lesions. The administration of dietary ginger by 2% dose could be beneficial mice model however, increasing the dose to 5% could produce adverse effects on hepatic integrity and gastric mucosa.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure at SanglahGeneral Hospital Denpasar Bali
Authors: Agung Wahyu Purnamasidhi Cokorda , Mariadi I Ketut , Nyoman Wibawa I Dewa
Published: April 2021

Background: Acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF) has been acknowledged as the suddenworsening of liver capacity in cirrhotic patients, which is typicallylinkedto a triggering factor and results in the collapse of at least one organ. ACLF has been known to be a highly mortal case. The reason for this investigation was to decide the incidence, features, risk factors and death at 30 days of individuals with ACLF. Method: The present study was conducted in Sanglah general hospital, included an amount of 110 cirrhotic patients whom admitted for hospitalizationamid the period of June 2016 and July 2017. ACLF diagnostic criteria by the European Association for the Study of the Liver-Chronic Liver Failure-Consortium was utilized. Our population was separated into the ACLF and non-ACLF group. Clinical feature, triggering occasions, possible risk factors for promoting ACLF and explanation for death were figured out. Mortality and causes of death at 30 days was assessed regarding the matter. Thirty-days mortality of the subjects was assessed. Results: Nine patients (8.2%) established ACLF. Bacterial infections were perceived as antriggering eventof 100% of cases ACLF with Pneumonia (44.4%) and Peritonitis (33.3%) as a center contamination. Contrasting the ACLF and non-ACLF group, statistically important features were: existence of hepatic encephalopathy in 9 (100%)vs30 (29.7%) (P < 0.01), leukocytosis of 19.34±1.97 x109vs7.74±3.93 x109 (P < 0.01) and nearness of ascites amid hospitalization 9 (100%) vs43 (42,5%)(P = 0.001). Death rate was 100% (9 patients) vs6.9% (7 patients), individually (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Our present study concluded that ACLF had a high mortality rate with noteworthyrisk factors are liver encephalopathy, leukocytosis and ascites.
Adjustment of Trauma and Injury Severity Sccore (TRISS) and Revised Trauma Score (RTS) in Predicting Mortality of Multitraumapatients in Sanglah Hospital Bali
Authors: Hadisaputra Ivan H , Suwedagatha Gede , Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde Bagus
Published: April 2021

Background: The Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) is the most applied tool to predict the multi-trauma outcome. It is shown that the predictive value of TRISS could be improved by adjusting the coefficient. Originally this study aims to evaluate our hospital in treating multitrauma patients, with good outcome we propose adjustment to TRISS formula. Methodology:This study is a diagnostic test to determine the accuracy of TRISS scores to predict mortality of multitrauma patients treated in Sanglah General Hospital. Result: Fifty two multitrauma patients with ISS score > 18 with at least 2 body regions being injured. The TRISS diagnostic test was obtained with a sevsitivity 81.8%, specificity 97.6%, positive predictive value 90%, negative predictive value 95.2%, prevalence 21%, accuracy rate of 94.2%. Conclusion: Adjustment to TRISS formula coefficient for better prediction is proposed. Physiological parameter in RTS that does not include respiratory rate shows reliable prediction, which can be used in emergency setting when anatomical diagnostic has not yet to be obtained.
Optical boundary discrimination in spatial posture measurement
Authors: Wu Zhiyang , Wang Shuang , Liu Tiegen
Published: April 2021

The measurement of the spatial attitude of the tube sheet is the basis for automated shield assembly. This paper presents an image processing method for measuring the surface grooves of the tube sheet. The measurement process consists of two processes: target detection and target coordinate measurement. The environmental factors that affect the recognition rate are analyzed and effective recognition coefficients are defined to further improve the method’s ability to resist interference from external factors.
Smoothing process of conformal vibration polishing for mid-spatial frequency errors: characteristics research and guiding prediction
Authors: Liu Shi-Wei , Wang Hong-Xiang , Zhang Qing-Hua , Hou Jing , Chen Xian-Hua , Xu Qiao , Wang Chu
Published: April 2021

By combining the conformal polishing method with short stroke
vibration, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, conformal vibration
polishing (CVP) method is proposed. The CVP method is
expected to be an efficient means of optical processing
by its high material removal rate and smoothing
characteristics of mid-spatial frequency (MSF) errors. A
quantitative time-domain smoothing model and a convergence factor (

C
F

C

) are presented based on the research
of smoothing characteristics. The motion mechanism, material removal
ability, solution, and expansion of the smoothing model are
demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. The experimental
results exhibited good agreement with the theoretical predictions for
the proposed method. The research provides a certain theoretical
foundation for parameter selection and process optimization of the CVP
method.
Automated image processing pipeline for adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy
Authors: Salmon Alexander E. , Cooper Robert F. , Chen Min , Higgins Brian , Cava Jenna A. , Chen Nickolas , Follett Hannah M. , Gaffney Mina , Heitkotter Heather , Heffernan Elizabeth , Schmidt Taly Gilat , Carroll Joseph
Published: April 2021

To mitigate the substantial post-processing burden associated with adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO), we have developed an open-source, automated AOSLO image processing pipeline with both “live” and “full” modes. The live mode provides feedback during acquisition, while the full mode is intended to automatically integrate the copious disparate modules currently used in generating analyzable montages. The mean (±SD) lag between initiation and montage placement for the live pipeline was 54.6 ± 32.7s. The full pipeline reduced overall human operator time by 54.9 ± 28.4%, with no significant difference in resultant cone density metrics. The reduced overhead decreases both the technical burden and operating cost of AOSLO imaging, increasing overall clinical accessibility.
Peripheral vision and hazard detection with average phakic and pseudophakic optical errors
Authors: Venkataraman Abinaya Priya , Rosén Robert , Heredia Aixa Alarcon , Piers Patricia , Vidal Carmen Canovas , Lundström Linda
Published: April 2021

The impact of peripheral optical errors induced by intraocular lenses was evaluated by simulating the average phakic and pseudophakic image qualities. An adaptive optics system was used to simulate the optical errors in 20° nasal and inferior visual field in phakic subjects. Peripheral resolution acuity, contrast sensitivity and hazard detection were evaluated. Pseudophakic errors typical for monofocal designs had a negative effect on resolution acuity and contrast sensitivity and the hazard detection task also showed increased false positive and misses and a longer reaction time compared to phakic optical errors. The induced peripheral pseudophakic optical errors affect the peripheral visual performance and thereby impact functional vision.
Tunable terahertz slow light of a cavity-integrated guided-mode resonance grating
Authors: Chen Chen , Yan Fei , Liu Ziyi , Gong Rui , Wang Ruoxing , Li Li
Published: April 2021

We present a dynamically tunable anomalous electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) of a cavity-integrated metallic grating by the coupling of guided-mode resonance (GMR) with cavity-mode resonance (CMR) in the terahertz regime. The strong group slowing effect of terahertz waves results from the EIT mechanism under simultaneous excitation of GMR and CMR at a degenerate state. With the introduction of graphene as a functional layer overlying the grating structure, the enhanced group delay can be achievable beyond 6.1 ps with stable operation frequency and signal efficiency by tuning the graphene Fermi level. The work could provide an efficient scheme to manipulate the group velocity of terahertz signals.
Germanium-on-silicon waveguides for long-wave integrated photonics: ring resonance and thermo-optics
Authors: Kozak Dmitry A. , Tyndall Nathan F. , Pruessner Marcel W. , Rabinovich William S. , Stievater Todd H.
Published: April 2021

Germanium-on-silicon (GOS) represents the leading platform for foundry-based long-wave infrared photonic integrated circuits (LWIR PICs), due to its CMOS compatibility and absence of oxides. We describe ring resonance (Q-factors between 2×103 and 1×104) and thermo-optic tunability in germanium-on-silicon waveguides throughout the long-wave-infrared. The ring resonances are characterized by Q-factors and couplings that agree with measurements of propagation loss (as low as 6 dB/cm) and simulations and are enabled by broadband edge coupling (12dB/facet over a 3 dB bandwidth of over 4 microns). We demonstrate the furthest into the infrared that ring resonators have been measured and show the potential of this platform for photonic integration and waveguide spectroscopy at wavelengths from 7 microns to beyond 11 microns.
Efficient self-compression of ultrashort near-UV pulses in air-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fibers
Authors: Luan Jie , Russell Philip St. J. , Novoa David
Published: April 2021

We report generation of ultrashort near-UV pulses by soliton self-compression in kagomé-style hollow-core photonic crystal fibers filled with ambient air. Pump pulses with the energy of 2.6 µJ and duration of 54 fs at 400 nm were compressed temporally by a factor of 5, to a duration of ∼11 fs. The experimental results are supported by numerical simulations, showing that both Raman and Kerr effects play a role in the compression dynamics. The convenience of using ambient air and the absence of glass windows that would distort the compressed pulses makes the setup highly attractive as the basis of an efficient table-top UV pulse compressor.
Narrow-band, low-sideband plasmonic filter of asymmetric bi-layer metallic nanoslit arrays
Authors: Liu Hui , Sun Zhijun
Published: April 2021

We propose a narrow-band plasmonic filter with low sidebands in the VIS–NIR regime, consisting of two closely spaced, optically thin layers of asymmetric metallic nanoslit arrays that have equal periods but different slit widths. Based on numerical simulations, we clarify that the filtering characteristics in the transmission spectrum is mainly due to intercoupled local plasmon resonance (LPR) modes in the top- and bottom-layer nanoslits and in-plane waveguiding surface plasmon resonance (SPR) modes bound to the top and bottom metal structure layers respectively. The intercoupled LPR modes boost the transmission in a way that the adjoining nanoslits in the top and bottom metal layers act as optical antennas efficiently receiving and emitting light via intermediate plasmon modes, while the in-plane SPR modes at neighboring wavelengths suppress the transmission, so as to shape the passband peak. It’s important that asymmetry of the nanoslits helps to improve quality factor of the intercoupled LPR mode and thus to reduce the passband width. Also, asymmetry of the bi-layer metallic nanoslit arrays helps to suppress the sidebands that are relevant to the higher-order in-plane SPR modes at shorter wavelengths. In the spectrum at longer wavelengths, non-resonant transmission of light is suppressed by increased total thickness of the structured metal layers. Furthermore, a two-dimensional version of the filter structure is presented, demonstrating similar filtering characteristics that can be optimally used for arbitrarily polarized or unpolarized light.
Ultrafast and low power all-optical switching in the mid-infrared region based on nonlinear highly doped semiconductor hyperbolic metamaterials
Authors: Azmoudeh Ebrahim , Farazi Saeed
Published: April 2021

Guided wave modes in the uniaxial anisotropic hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) based on highly doped semiconductor instead of metal in the mid-infrared region are investigated theoretically. The heavily doped semiconductor is used to overcome the restrictions of the conventional metal-based structures caused by the lake of tunability and high metal loss at mid-infrared wavelengths. The unit cells of our proposed metamaterial are composed of alternating layers of undoped InAs as a dielectric layer and highly doped InAs as a metal layer. We numerically study the linear and nonlinear behavior of such multilayer metamaterials, for different arrangements of layers in the parallel (vertical HMM) and perpendicular (horizontal HMM) to the input wave vector. The effect of doping concentration, metal to dielectric thickness ratio in the unit cell (fill-fraction), and the total thickness of structure on the guided modes and transmission/reflection spectra of the metamaterials are studied. Moreover, the charge redistribution due to band-bending in the alternating doped and undoped layers of InAs is considered in our simulations. We demonstrate that the guided modes of the proposed hyperbolic metamaterial can change by increasing the intensity of the incident lightwave and entering the nonlinear regime. Therefore, the transition from linear to the nonlinear region leads to high-performance optical bistability. Furthermore, the switching performance in the vertical and horizontal HMMs are inspected and an ultrafast, low power, and high extinction ratio all-optical switch is presented based on a vertical structure of nonlinear highly doped semiconductor hyperbolic metamaterials.
Dynamically tunable ultra-narrowband perfect absorbers for the visible-to-infrared range based on a microcavity integrated graphene pair
Authors: Yu Yu , Zhou Jing , Cai Qingyuan , Chu Zeshi , Deng Jie , Lu Wei , Li Zhifeng , Chen Xiaoshuang
Published: April 2021

Dynamically tunable ultra-narrowband perfect absorbers are important to next-generation active photonic devices. A composite structure of a graphene pair and a microcavity with Bragg mirrors are proposed for this purpose. Based on the electrically controllable doping of graphene and critical coupling of the incident light, the microcavity–graphene composite structure achieves peak absorptance higher than 99.5%, a relative peak width (

Δ
λ

/

λ
0

) smaller than 1.1%, and a modulation depth larger than 92.0% throughout the visible-to-mid-infrared range, surpassing other structures in comprehensive performance. By changing the number of the dielectric pairs in the Bragg mirrors, the device can become an amplitude or a spectral modulator. The results are based on the optical constants from experiment data, including the surface conductivity of graphene with relatively low mobility, so they are more useful in practical situations.
Enhanced optical nonlinearity of Mxene Ti3C2Tx nanosheets decorated with silver nanoparticles
Authors: Yan Lihe , Xu Yanmin , Si Jinhai , Li Yuren , Hou Xun
Published: April 2021

Two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx nanosheets have drawn much attention due to their unique nonlinear optical properties. To enhance the optical nonlinearity of the material, we synthesized Ti3C2Tx composites decorated with silver nanoparticles (Ti3C2Tx/Ag) through self-assembling of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of Ti3C2Tx. The nonlinear optical properties the composite were studied via nanosecond laser Z-scan method, and enhanced saturable absorption (SA) and reversed saturable absorption (RSA) effects were demonstrated. Using the femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption measurements, the carrier dynamics in the nonlinear response, as well as the enhancement mechanism of the composites was clarified.
Gain mechanism in time-dependent media
Authors: Pendry J. B. , Galiffi E. , Huidobro P. A.
Published: April 2021

Conventionally, time-dependent systems add energy to electromagnetic waves by parametric amplification. Here we identify a distinct, alternative mechanism—compression of lines of force.
Design of optical viewing zone suitable for eye-tracking integral 3D display
Authors: Okaichi Naoto , Sasaki Hisayuki , Kano Masanori , Arai Jun , Kawakita Masahiro , Naemura Takeshi
Published: April 2021

We propose an integral 3D display system that enhances the viewing zone and depth range of reconstructed 3D images using eye-tracking technology and a lens array with a long focal length. To reduce crosstalk due to flipped images caused by the movement of the viewer, a lens arrangement that forms a horizontally widened optical viewing zone by rotating the lens array is designed. Unlike the conventional design, the viewing angle expanded 2.9 times to 81.4° horizontally and 1.7 times to 47.6° vertically, and the depth range doubled. Results of the evaluation experiment confirmed that crosstalk was sufficiently suppressed.