bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soziale Netzwerkanalysen zum mittelhochdeutschen Artusroman oder: Vorgreiflicher Versuch, Märchenhaftigkeit des Erzählens zu messen
Authors: Braun Manuel , Ketschik Nora
Published: August 2019

This article discusses the question of how complex the narrations of Arthurian romances are by comparing them to the ‘simple form’ of fairy tales. In order to achieve this, we identify properties of the European folktale, which we then compare with an Arthurian text corpus consisting of Hartmann von Aue’s ‘Erec’ and ‘Iwein’ as well as Wolfram von Eschenbach’s ‘Parzival’. The typological investigation is carried out using data-driven methods, primarily Social Network Analysis, and focuses on various aspects of characters. By doing this, we gain an in-depth understanding of the relationships between Arthurian romances and fairy tales and of the differences within the genre of the Arthurian romance itself. We show that the results of statistical analysis refuse clear interpretation, thus providing new insights into the well-known objects.
Der Streit um die Birne. Autorschafts-Attributionstest mit Burrows’ Delta und dessen Optimierung für Kurztexte am Beispiel der ‚Halben Birne‘ des Konrad von Würzburg
Authors: Dimpel Friedrich Michael , Zeppezauer-Wachauer Katharina , Schlager Daniel
Published: August 2019

Short epics in Middle High German are a challenge for author attribution procedures as they involve dealing with short texts, incomplete normalisation, and generic tests. Firstly, the paper discusses optimisation methods using basic form and grammar tags extracted from the ‘Mittelhochdeutsche Begriffsdatenbank’ (Middle High German Conceptual Database). As part of this, an evaluation test with normalised Middle High German texts is carried out where 20 texts with known authorship are used as ‘guessing texts’ and a further 19 works of the same authors as ‘comparison texts’. The use of grammar tags or basic forms, instead of inflected word forms leads to a deterioration of the recognition rate and the combination of basic forms or grammar tags with word forms leads to a slight improvement.

Secondly, the authorship of the ‘Halbe Birne’ will be investigated with eight texts by Konrad von Würzburg, as well as a comparative corpus of 14 tales (German ‘Mären’) and seven novels. This leads to a direct calculation of which words can be specifically ascribed to Konrad von Würzburg. This method is first evaluated by determining the distinctive words on four Konrad texts; a control test on four other Konrad texts shows that a preferred use of the distinctive words leads to a significant increase in the recognition rate. Then, a Konrad-specific vocabulary is determined on the basis of eight Konrad texts. Using these distinctive words it can finally be shown that Konrad can be attributed with some certainty as the author of the ‘Halbe Birne’.
GIS als Hilfsmittel zur Analyse räumlicher Strukturen im östlichen Sachsen und Thüringen des 10. und frühen 11. Jahrhunderts: Eine Königslandschaft neu betrachtet
Authors: Fütterer Pierre
Published: August 2019

For some time, the use of GIS in the context of medieval studies has been increasing. Aside from providing opportunities to visualise historical data in an uncomplicated way, GIS offers numerous tools such as viewshed, kernel density estimation or georeferencing, allowing new insights into historical contexts, which at the same time can reveal new avenues for research. This paper illustrates both the potential and difficulties of working with GIS on the analysis of spatial structures in early medieval Eastern Saxony and Thuringia. The main outcomes are a very high settlement density in the entire investigation area, with special concentrations in the eastern Harz foreland, the Hassegau, as well as a rapid and early expansion of the Harz Mountains.
Sprachwissenschaftliche Erschließungsmethoden für digitale Editionen mittelhochdeutscher Texte
Authors: Griesinger Christian , Stolz Michael
Published: August 2019

This paper sheds light on the possibilities and perspectives of linking digital editions of Medieval German texts to each other and to other digital resources. Furthermore, it discusses some of the internal and technical conditions necessary to render this linkage meaningful, like lemmatisation, part-of-speech-tagging, and using standardised mark-up languages. Finally, the sustainability and reusability of digital editions are considered. While in the past, editions of medieval texts were conceived as rather isolated scholarly works of individual editors, nowadays the collaboration and cooperation of greater working groups is essential in editing projects. Due to the complexity of editions consisting of multiple textual layers, e. g. apparatus entries, annotations, or facsimiles, the requirements for future digital editions have risen. The first approach to respond to these demands is to link the various textual layers to each other, enabling the users to navigate between these layers in a sensible way. The second step is to link the edited text to other resources, such as online dictionaries or other editions, allowing complex research networks to be created. These goals are achieved by lemmatising and other tagging methods, ensuring the information being mapped to a normalised and idealised frame of reference. Common standards like Unicode or the TEI guidelines are of great importance for such purposes, as they assure the interchange and re-use of scientific data, as well as their sustainability.
Mittelhochdeutsche Lexikographie und Semantic Web. Die Anbindung der ‚Mittelhochdeutschen Begriffsdatenbank‘ an Linked Open Data
Authors: Hinkelmanns Peter
Published: August 2019

The inclusion of Semantic Web technologies into the lexicographic ‘Middle High German Conceptual Database’ (MHDBDB) is a challenge for this long-term project. Since the 1970 s the Middle High German Concept Database has aimed to provide an onomasiological dictionary for Middle High German. The latest technological revision dates back to 1992, so there is a growing demand for more contemporary infrastructure and usability. The data models themselves, as well as the linking of data sets with authority files, need to be modernised to ensure compatibility with the Semantic Web. This paper summarises the current discussion on formats and ontologies for online dictionaries with a focus on Middle High German lexicography.
Die ‚Regesta Imperii‘ im digitalen Zeitalter. Das Regest als Netzwerk von Entitäten
Authors: Kuczera Andreas
Published: August 2019

In the digital historical sciences, research datasets are generally highly connected. Using the example of the digital ‘Regesta Imperii’, this article will show how these networked structures can be modelled and analysed with the help of graph databases. In order to achieve relevant results with these new research perspectives, it is essential to closely dovetail scientific research perspectives and digital methodology. Graph modelling is especially helpful here, allowing to clearly map the structures of the technical problem in the graph in a way, understandable by the computer scientist. This serves as a solid basis for fruitful cooperation between digital humanities and medieval studies.
Das ‚Referenzkorpus Altdeutsch‘ als Lesekorpus. Grammatisch annotierte und mit Wörterbüchern verknüpfte Texte für Lehre und Selbststudium
Authors: Mittmann Roland , Plate Ralf
Published: August 2019

Working with Old High German and Old Saxon texts has become rare in German language and literature studies. Nowadays, the brief introductions to historical linguistics and philology do not suffice to enable students to explore the oldest German texts in significant depth. A new tool could at least help move closer to this dept of textual exploration: an on-line publication of all Old High German and Old Saxon texts with a morphological word-by-word annotation.

The data has been collected by the research project ‘Old German Reference Corpus’ (‘Referenzkorpus Altdeutsch’ / ReA) and can already be used for complex database queries. Within the framework of the ‘eHumanities Centre for Historical Lexicography’ (eHumanities-Zentrum für Historische Lexikographie / ZHistLex), it has been converted into a clearly arranged format, focusing on the information needed for comprehending the texts: the ‘Lesekorpus Altdeutsch’ (LeA).

This tool can of course not replace the work with text editions, translations and commentaries, but will help pave the way from the first insight into the language to a profound understanding. Additionally, a supplemental both-way linking between every word token and the corresponding entry in the on-line dictionaries of historical German is being prepared.
Vom lokalen Bestand zur weltweiten Vernetzung. Mittelalterliche Handschriften im Netz
Authors: Schaßan Torsten , Steyer Timo
Published: August 2019

Using the example of the Herzog August Bibliothek, the paper shows how (medieval) manuscripts are currently catalogued in the digital environment and how the data is published and shared with other relevant communities. The paper focuses both on the process of data production as well as the exchange and re-use of data. In particular, the paper will discuss the challenges of distributing the data into non-specialised databases. Two elements are crucial here: firstly, the standardised modelling of manuscript-related information, including semantic enrichment. Secondly, the challenge of providing as much data as possible on the Web and offering interfaces to access the data.
Textmodellierung und Analyse von quasi-hierarchischen und varianten Liturgika des Mittelalters
Authors: Steiner Christian , Klugseder Robert
Published: August 2019

The Digital Humanities project ‘CANTUS NETWORK. Libri ordinarii of the Salzburg metropolitan province’ undertakes research around the liturgy and music of the churches and monasteries of the medieval ecclesiastical province of Salzburg. Key sources are the liturgical ‘prompt books’, called libri ordinarii, which include a short form of more or less the entire rite of a diocese or a monastery. The workflow of the project is set in an environment called GAMS, a humanities research data repository built for long-term storage and presentation of data coming from the humanities. Digital editions of the libri ordinarii of the province were generated with the aim of enabling a comparative analysis of the various different traditions.

As a first step, the books were transcribed with strict rule-based tags in Microsoft Word and transformed to TEI using the community’s XSLT stylesheets and a Java-based script. Subsequently, Semantic Web technologies were deployed to foster graph-based search and analysis of the structured data. Possible future work on the topic is facilitated by the dissemination of content levels as Linked Open Data. Further analysis is conducted with the help of Natural Language Processing methods in order to find text similarities and differences between the libri ordinarii.
Advances in quantum light emission from 2D materials
Authors: Chakraborty Chitraleema , Vamivakas Nick , Englund Dirk
Published: August 2019

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are being actively researched due to their exotic electronic and optical properties, including a layer-dependent bandgap, a strong exciton binding energy, and a direct optical access to electron valley index in momentum space. Recently, it was discovered that 2D materials with bandgaps could host quantum emitters with exceptional brightness, spectral tunability, and, in some cases, also spin properties. This review considers the recent progress in the experimental and theoretical understanding of these localized defect-like emitters in a variety of 2D materials as well as the future advantages and challenges on the path toward practical applications.
Nanoscale spectroscopic imaging of GaAs-AlGaAs quantum well tube nanowires: correlating luminescence with nanowire size and inner multishell structure
Authors: Prete Paola , Wolf Daniel , Marzo Fabio , Lovergine Nico
Published: August 2019

The luminescence and inner structure of GaAs-AlGaAs quantum well tube (QWT) nanowires were studied using low-temperature cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopic imaging, in combination with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography, allowing for the first time a robust correlation between the luminescence properties of these nanowires and their size and inner 3D structure down to the nanoscale. Besides the core luminescence and minor defects-related contributions, each nanowire showed one or more QWT peaks associated with nanowire regions of different diameters. The values of the GaAs shell thickness corresponding to each QWT peak were then determined from the nanowire diameters by employing a multishell growth model upon validation against experimental data (core diameter and GaAs and AlGaAs shell thickness) obtained from the analysis of the 3D reconstructed STEM tomogram of a GaAs-AlGaAs QWT nanowire. We found that QWT peak energies as a function of thus-estimated (3–7 nm) GaAs shell thickness are 40–120 meV below the theoretical values of exciton recombination for uniform QWTs symmetrically wrapped around a central core. However, the analysis of the 3D tomogram further evidenced azimuthal asymmetries as well as (azimuthal and axial) random fluctuations of the GaAs shell thickness, suggesting that the red-shift of QWT emissions is prominently due to carrier localization. The CL mapping of QWT emission intensities along the nanowire axis allowed to directly image the nanoscale localization of the emission, supporting the above picture. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the luminescence-structure relationship in QWT nanowires and will foster their applications as efficient nanolaser sources for future monolithic integration onto silicon.
Near-IR wide-field-of-view Huygens metalens for outdoor imaging applications
Authors: Engelberg Jacob , Zhou Chen , Mazurski Noa , Bar-David Jonathan , Kristensen Anders , Levy Uriel
Published: August 2019

The ongoing effort to implement compact and cheap optical systems is the main driving force for the recent flourishing research in the field of optical metalenses. Metalenses are a type of metasurface, used for focusing and imaging applications, and are implemented based on the nanopatterning of an optical surface. The challenge faced by metalens research is to reach high levels of performance using simple fabrication methods suitable for mass production. In this paper, we present a Huygens nanoantenna-based metalens, designed for outdoor photographic/surveillance applications in the near infrared. We show that good imaging quality can be obtained over a field of view as large as ±15°. This first successful implementation of metalenses for outdoor imaging applications is expected to provide insight and inspiration for future metalens imaging applications.
Biomimetic and bioinspired molecular electrets. How to make them and why does the established peptide chemistry not always work?
Authors: Skonieczny Kamil , Espinoza Eli M. , Derr James B. , Morales Maryann , Clinton Jillian M. , Xia Bing , Vullev Valentine I.
Published: August 2019

“Biomimetic” and “bioinspired” define different aspects of the impacts that biology exerts on science and engineering. Biomimicking improves the understanding of how living systems work, and builds tools for bioinspired endeavors. Biological inspiration takes ideas from biology and implements them in unorthodox manners, exceeding what nature offers. Molecular electrets, i.e. systems with ordered electric dipoles, are key for advancing charge-transfer (CT) science and engineering. Protein helices and their biomimetic analogues, based on synthetic polypeptides, are the best-known molecular electrets. The inability of native polypeptide backbones to efficiently mediate long-range CT, however, limits their utility. Bioinspired molecular electrets based on anthranilamides can overcome the limitations of their biological and biomimetic counterparts. Polypeptide helices are easy to synthesize using established automated protocols. These protocols, however, fail to produce even short anthranilamide oligomers. For making anthranilamides, the residues are introduced as their nitrobenzoic-acid derivatives, and the oligomers are built from their C- to their N-termini via amide-coupling and nitro-reduction steps. The stringent requirements for these reduction and coupling steps pose non-trivial challenges, such as high selectivity, quantitative yields, and fast completion under mild conditions. Addressing these challenges will provide access to bioinspired molecular electrets essential for organic electronics and energy conversion.
A review of the application of sonophotocatalytic process based on advanced oxidation process for degrading organic dye
Authors: Zewde Abraham Amenay , Zhang Lingling , Li Zifu , Odey Emanuel Alepu
Published: August 2019

Nowadays the use of conventional wastewater treatment methods is becoming increasingly challenging mainly due to the presence of organic matter in wastewater. Therefore, an emerging technology is needed to deal with these highly concentrated and toxic non-biodegradable organic matters. In the last few decades, advanced oxidation process (AOP) has emerged to treat wastewaters discharged from industries. Recently, researchers have shown interest to use the application of ultrasound (US) in photocatalysis, i.e. sonophotocatalysis, to improve the performance of the treatment process in the degradation of organic and inorganic contaminants in aqueous streams. Sonophotocatalysis is the combination of the use of ultraviolet (UV) and US.
Qualitätssicherung mittels angereicherten Prozessinformationen
Authors: Denkena Berend , Tönshoff Hans Kurt , Uhlich Florian , Kiesner Johann
Published: August 2019

In der Produktionstechnik findet eine zunehmende Digitalisierung und Vernetzung statt. Sie bietet vielfältige Einsatzmöglichkeit für neue Technologien, mit denen Prozesse transparenter gestaltbar und Optimierungsmaßnahmen effizienter umsetzbar sind. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Anwendungsfall aus der spanenden Fertigungstechnik beschrieben, bei dem Prozesskräfte mittels sensorischer Spanntechnik gemessen und mittels Augmented Reality visualisiert werden. Anhand der Ergebnisse wird erkennbar, dass durch die Kombination von sensorischer Spanntechnik und Augmented Reality eine einfache Interpretation komplexer Signale möglich wird.
Effect of Maltodextrin and Temperature on Micellar Behavior of Bile Salts in Aqueous Medium: Conductometric and Spectrofluorimetric Studies
Authors: Chauhan Suvarcha , Sharma Vivek , Singh Kuldeep , Chauhan M.S.
Published: August 2019

Conductivity and fluorescence probe techniques have been employed to study the micellar behavior of bile salts i.e. sodium cholate (1–20 mmol⋅kg−1) and sodium deoxycholate (0.5–10.0 mmol⋅kg−1) in aqueous solutions of maltodextrin (0.0, 0.5, 1.1, and 1.6 mmol⋅kg−1) at different temperatures. The influence of maltodextrin on the micellization behavior of bile salts has been determined in terms of critical micelle concentration (CMC) values obtained from conductivity measurement. The variation in CMC values has been discussed by considering the alteration in the hydrophobic environment of maltodextrin-sodium cholate/sodium deoxycholate complex imparted by the carbohydrate molecules. In order to substantiate the CMC values determined from conductivity method, the fluorescence probe study of aqueous sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate solutions in presence of fluorescent, pyrene has also been carried. The CMC values obtained from both techniques are in full agreement with each other. Moreover, application of charged pseudo-phase separation model has been made to discuss the thermodynamics of the system.
Adsorption of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid from Aqueous Solution Using Carbonized Chest Nut as Low Cost Adsorbent: Kinetic and Thermodynamic
Authors: Gülen Jale , Aslan Sabri
Published: August 2019

The activated carbon was made of carbonized chest nut shell (CCS) and used as low cost adsorbent for 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) removal. The experiments were conducted at different temperatures such as 35, 45 and 55 °C and this system represents as L type adsorption behavior. The experimental data were modelled using several isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin Radushkevich. The adsorption dynamics were searched by applying pseudo first, pseudo second and intra particle diffusion models. The thermodynamic approach was conducted for determining the thermodynamic values of ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG°.
Pore Pressure Increase and Evaluation in Saturated Sand Based on In Situ Liquefaction Tests
Authors: Fu Haiqing , Yuan Jinyuan , Yuan Xiaoming
Published: August 2019

Through self-developed testing technology, in situ liquefaction tests were conducted to investigate pore pressure responses of saturated sand in the field, and a new incremental model is proposed to predict pore pressure increase in saturated sand liquefaction. The pore pressure generation of saturated sand in the field is slower than that shown through the dynamic triaxial test. In situ testing results herein indicate that the effect of number-of-cycle is different from the results obtained from the dynamic triaxial test. The variation of pore pressure rise in the in situ tests initially increases then decreases with the increasing number of loading cycles rather than a monotonic decrease mode. Different from existing models, the new pore pressure model is directly expressed with in situ parameters, such as acceleration, buried depth, etc., which are commonly applied to describe soil characteristics in the field. The advantages of the proposed formula by in situ tests are that it avoids uncertain stress evaluation during establishment and application of the new model and can greatly reduce artificial errors. Comparisons between predicted and measured results indicate the reliability of the new model. The proposed model can conveniently evaluate the pore pressure increase of saturated sand in a free horizontal field.
A Comparative Study on the Influence of Supplementary Cementitious Materials on Marine Concrete
Authors: Li Xiaosheng , Shui Zhonghe , Huang Yun , Gao Xu , Chen Jie
Published: August 2019

In this study, the influences of fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), silica fume (SF), and metakaolin (MK) on seawater resistance of cement-based materials are investigated and compared. The obtained results revealed that calcium hydroxide and ettringite (AFt) in matrix are dissolved completely during seawater immersion, whereas Friedel’s salt and brucite are deposited in pores. Seawater corrosion enlarges the capillary pores, increasing the critical pore size and capillary pore volume, resulting in decreased permeability of the matrix. SF and MK effectively contribute to pore refinement and exhibit less water-induced degradation at the early stage. GGBS and MK possess active aluminum, which transforms into AFt during interactions with seawater. Employment of MK maintains the stability of ettringite to some degree.
Of Sharing Authority and Historic Blocs
Authors: Sandul Paul J. P.
Published: August 2019

This article explores tensions present within a collaborative oral history project (i.e., sharing authority) concerning the East Texan African American community of Nacogdoches. It focuses on an often-neglected aspect about sharing authority: the competing conception of audience for public historians/professionals, on the one hand, and community members, on the other. Such differences, however, have led to the consideration of exciting new directions, especially as it concerns sharing authority’s potential to foster affect and empathy, which further signal sharing authority’s possible power to help assemble what has been called “historic blocs” capable of challenging local hegemony and marginalization.
A Hormone That Lost Its Receptor: Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) in Zebrafish Gonad Development and Sex Determination
Authors: Yan Yi-Lin , Batzel Peter , Titus Tom , Sydes Jason , Desvignes Thomas , BreMiller Ruth , Draper Bruce , Postlethwait John H
Published: August 2019

Anti-Mullerian hormone (Amh) inhibits female reproductive duct development, signals oocyte reserve, and marks polycystic ovarian syndrome. Zebrafish lacks Mullerian ducts and the typical Amh receptor, questioning evolving roles of Amh. Yan et al. made knockout mutations in zebrafish...

Fetal mammalian testes secrete Anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh), which inhibits female reproductive tract (Müllerian duct) development. Amh also derives from mature mammalian ovarian follicles, which marks oocyte reserve and characterizes polycystic ovarian syndrome. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) lacks Müllerian ducts and the Amh receptor gene amhr2 but, curiously, retains amh. To discover the roles of Amh in the absence of Müllerian ducts and the ancestral receptor gene, we made amh null alleles in zebrafish. Results showed that normal amh prevents female-biased sex ratios. Adult male amh mutants had enormous testes, half of which contained immature oocytes, demonstrating that Amh regulates male germ cell accumulation and inhibits oocyte development or survival. Mutant males formed sperm ducts and some produced a few offspring. Young female mutants laid a few fertile eggs, so they also had functional sex ducts. Older amh mutants accumulated nonvitellogenic follicles in exceedingly large but sterile ovaries, showing that Amh helps control ovarian follicle maturation and proliferation. RNA-sequencing data partitioned juveniles at 21 days postfertilization (dpf) into two groups that each contained mutant and wild-type fish. Group21-1 upregulated ovary genes compared to Group21-2, which were likely developing as males. By 35 dpf, transcriptomes distinguished males from females and, within each sex, mutants from wild types. In adult mutants, ovaries greatly underexpressed granulosa and theca genes, and testes underexpressed Leydig cell genes. These results show that ancestral Amh functions included development of the gonadal soma in ovaries and testes and regulation of gamete proliferation and maturation. A major gap in our understanding is the identity of the gene encoding a zebrafish Amh receptor; we show here that the loss of amhr2 is associated with the breakpoint of a chromosome rearrangement shared among cyprinid fishes.
Privatautonomie im Bereich des Commercial Banking
Authors: Piekenbrock Andreas , Rodi Daniel
Published: August 2019

Der Beitrag bildet den Auftakt zu einer zweiteiligen Abhandlung über den Zustand der Privatautonomie im Bereich des Commercial Banking, insbesondere deren Einschränkung durch jüngere gesetzliche Neuregelungen sowie die Rechtsprechung des XI. Zivilsenats des BGH. Kernthema des ersten Teils sind die Abschluss- und die Beendigungsfreiheit, die im Hinblick auf den Kontrahierungszwang für Basiskonten nach dem Zahlungskontengesetz (§ 31 Abs. 1 ZKG) sowie das Pfändungsschutzkonto (§ 850k ZPO) untersucht werden. Hierbei erweist sich der Kontrahierungszwang nach dem ZKG trotz denkbarer alternativer Regelungsmodelle (Verpflichtung nur der Sparkassen) noch als verfassungsgemäß. Ferner zeigt sich, dass der in der Literatur geforderten verfassungskonformen Erweiterung der enumerativen Kündigungsgründe des Basiskontovertrags (§ 42 ZKG) um eine Kündigung aus wichtigem Grund das Unionsrecht entgegensteht. Die Vorschriften über das Pfändungsschutzkonto beeinträchtigen die privatautonome Möglichkeit zur Kündigung des zugrundeliegenden Girokontos hingegen richtigerweise nicht.
Datenverarbeitung durch Banken im Endkundengeschäft: Grundsätze, Forderungsabtretung und Scoring
Authors: Guggenberger Nikolas
Published: August 2019

Mit den allgegenwärtigen Datenverarbeitungsprozessen prägt die Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DSGVO) die Rechtsverhältnisse von Banken im Endkundengeschäft. Dabei fordert das Autonomieverständnis der DSGVO eine Vielzahl bisheriger Annahmen grundlegend heraus. Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit den Voraussetzungen der Rechtmäßigkeit der Datenverarbeitung und dem Einfluss des Datenschutzrechts auf das Bankgeheimnis, die Forderungsabtretung und das Scoring im Endkundengeschäft.
Basiszins: Vielfalt statt Einheit!
Authors: Knoll Leonhard , Kruschwitz Lutz , Löffler Andreas
Published: August 2019

Das IDW stellt bei seinen Vorgaben für die Ermittlung des Basiszinses in der Unternehmensbewertung grundsätzlich auf die NSS-Zinsstruktur der Deutschen Bundesbank ab, lässt aber neben der Verwendung periodenabhängiger Spot Rates auch einen einheitlichen Basiszins zu. Die folgende Studie zeigt, dass die in der Praxis dominierende Verwendung eines Einheitszinses eine systematische Verzerrung hervorruft, die bei normalen Kapitalmarktverhältnissen zu überhöhten Diskontierungszinsen und mithin zu reduzierten Unternehmenswerten führt. Damit erweist sich der Einheitszins zumindest bei rechtsgeprägten Unternehmensbewertungen als ungeeignet und sollte nicht mehr eingesetzt werden.
Macroeconomic Variables and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in Turkey
Authors: Meftah Saliha , Nassour Abdelkader
Published: August 2019

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an essential factor in the development of a country. This study aims to examine what factors influence foreign direct investment. By using the vector error correction model, the research shows that there is a long-term causality relationship between exchange rates and inflation with FDI. However, in the short term, there are no variables that affect FDI. Besides, the Granger causality test shows causality in the direction of GDP and FDI, while other variables do not have causality. This research has implications for policymakers to pay attention to macroeconomic variables in increasing the flow of foreign direct investment.
Macroeconomic Variables, Demographic Factors and Current Account Balance in Nigeria: A Causal Relationship
Authors: Adegboyega Soliu Bidemi , Maku Olukayode Emmanuel , Agbatogun Kehinde Kabir
Published: August 2019

This paper examines the effect of macroeconomic variables, demographic factors toward current account balance in Nigeria. It analyzed the connection between each of domestic savings and investment on current account balance by examining the role and direction of the selected demographic variables. The Toda-Yamamoto approach to causality was used to analyze the study. The result shows that the direction of causality was from both domestic saving and investment to current account balance. However, there is no reverse causation from the current account balance to domestic saving and investment. Thus, the selected demographic variables had no significant causation towards current account balance, investment, and domestic saving. The government needs to finance the desired investment through increased domestic saving without undue reliance on foreign resources
Export Diversification and Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Nwosa Philip Ifeakachukwu , Tosin Fasina Oluwadamilola , Ikechukwu Ogbuagu Matthew
Published: August 2019

The issue of export diversification has been contentious in Nigeria due to the country’s unstable growth pattern which is majorly associated with instability in the international oil market and the poor performance of other sectors of the economy. Therefore, this study examines the link between export diversification and economic growth in Nigeria from 1962 to 2016. The study utilizes the Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique. The result of this study shows that export diversification has a positive but insignificant influence on economic growth in Nigeria. The above result implies that the oil sector still dominates the Nigerian economy while the diversification drive of the government has not been significant in other sectors of the economy. Thus, the study recommends the need for conscious economic policies that would promote the diversification of the entire non-oil sector of the economy. The study concludes that export diversification is an insignificant determinant of economic growth in Nigeria.
The Bojanov-Naidenov problem for trigonometric polynomials and periodic splines
Authors: Asadova E.V. , Kofanov V.A.
Published: August 2019

For given $n, r \in \mathbb{N}$; $p, A > 0$ and any fixed interval $[a,b] \subset \mathbb{R}$ we solve the extremal problem $\int\limits_a^b |x(t)|^q dt \rightarrow \sup$, $q \geqslant p$, over sets of trigonometric polynomials $T$ of order $\leqslant n$ and $2\pi$-periodic splines $s$ of order $r$ and minimal defect with knots at the points $k\pi / n$, $k \in \mathbb{Z}$, such that $\| T \| _{p, \delta} \leqslant A \| \sin n (\cdot) \|_{p, \delta} \leqslant A \| \varphi_{n,r} \|_{p, \delta}$, $\delta \in (0, \pi / n]$, where $\| x \|_{p, \delta} := \sup \{ \| x \|_{L_p[a,b]} \colon a, b \in \mathbb{R}, 0 < b - a < \delta\}$ and $\varphi_{n, r}$ is the $(2\pi / n)$-periodic spline of Euler of order $r$. In particular, we solve the same problem for the intermediate derivatives $x^{(k)}$, $k = 1, ..., r-1$, with $q \geqslant 1$.
On generalized characteristics of smoothness of functions and on average $\nu$-widths in the space $L_2(\mathbb{R})$
Authors: Vakarchuk S.B. , Vakarchuk M.B.
Published: August 2019

Estimates above and estimates below have been obtained for Kolmogorov, linear and Bernshtein average $\nu$-widths on the classes of functions $W^r (\omega^w, \Psi)$, where $r \in \mathbb{N}$, $\omega^w(f)$ is the generalized characteristic of smoothness of a function $f \in L_2(\mathbb{R})$, $\Psi$ is a majorant. Exact values of the enumerated extremal characteristics of approximation, following from the one condition on the majorant were obtained too.
Extremal problems for non-periodic splines on real domain and their derivatives
Authors: Danchenko K.A. , Kofanov V.A.
Published: August 2019

We consider the Bojanov-Naidenov problem over the set $\sigma_{h,r}$ of all non-periodic splines $s$ of order $r$ and minimal defect with knots at the points $kh$, $k \in \mathbb{Z}$. More exactly, for given $n, r \in \mathbb{N}$; $p, A > 0$ and any fixed interval $[a, b] \subset \mathbb{R}$ we solve the following extremal problem $\int\limits_a^b |x(t)|^q dt \rightarrow \sup$, $q \geqslant p$, over the classes $\sigma_{h,r}^p(A) := \bigl\{ s(\cdot + \tau) \colon s \in \sigma_{h,r}, \| s \|_{p, \delta} \leqslant A \| \varphi_{\lambda, r} \|_{p, \delta}, \delta \in (0, h], \tau \in \mathbb{R} \bigr\}$, where $\| x \|_{p, \delta} := \sup \bigl\{ \| x \|_{L_p[a,b]} \colon a, b \in \mathbb{R}, 0 < b - a \leqslant \delta \bigr\}$, and $\varphi_{\lambda, r}$ is $(2\pi / \lambda)$-periodic spline of Euler of order $r$. In particularly, for $k = 1, ..., r - 1$ we solve the extremal problem $\int\limits_a^b |x^{(k)}(t)|^q dt \rightarrow \sup$, $q \geqslant 1$, over the classes $\sigma_{h,r}^p (A)$. Note that the problems (1) and (2) were solved earlier on the classes $\sigma_{h,r}(A, p) := \bigl\{ s(\cdot + \tau) \colon s \in \sigma_{h,r}, L(s)_p \leqslant AL(\varphi_{n,r})_p, \tau \in \mathbb{R} \bigr\}$, where $L(x)_p := \sup \bigl\{ \| x \|_{L_p[a, b]} \colon a, b \in \mathbb{R}, |x(t)| > 0, t \in (a, b) \bigr\}$. We prove that the classes $\sigma_{h,r}^p (A)$ are wider than the classes $\sigma_{h,r}(A,p)$. Similarly we solve the analog of Erdös problem about the characterisation of the spline $s \in \sigma_{h,r}^p(A)$ that has maximal arc length over fixed interval $[a, b] \subset \mathbb{R}$.
On the Landau-Kolmogorov inequality between $\| f' \|_{\infty}$, $\| f \|_{\infty}$ and $\| f''' \|_1$
Authors: Skorokhodov D.
Published: August 2019

We solve the Landau-Kolmogorov problem on finding sharp additive inequalities that estimate $\| f' \|_{\infty}$ in terms of $\| f \|_{\infty}$ and $\| f''' \|_1$. Simultaneously we solve related problems of the best approximation of first order differentiation operator $D^1$ by linear bounded ones and the best recovery of operator $D^1$ on elements of a class given with error.
The uniqueness of the best non-symmetric $L_1$-approximant with a weight for continuous functions with values in KB-space
Authors: Tkachenko M.Ye. , Traktynska V.M.
Published: August 2019

We investigate the problem of uniqueness of the best non-symmetrical $L_1$-approximant with a weight for continuous functions on metric compact set $Q$ with values in strictly convex partially ordered KB-space $X$ by subspaces of space $C(Q, X)$ of continuous functions on $Q$ with values in $X$. We obtain the characterization of subspaces of uniqueness of the best $(\alpha, \beta)$-approximant in integral metric with a weight for functions of space $C(Q, X)$ in terms of classes of "test" functions.
The Law of Propagation in Hadith Perspective
Authors: Mauludin Hilman , Khadijah Ifah
Published: August 2019

This article tries to discuss about law of propagation in hadith perspective. By Using library research, this article found that for every Muslim, da'wah is an obligation that cannot be negotiable. The obligation of da'wah is something that is impossible to avoid from his life, because it is very attached to self-recognition as adherents of Islam. Indirectly, every Muslim as the bearer of missionary mission. Based on the results of the analysis, especially the study of the hadith and according to most scholars in general the da'wah law is farḍ kifāyah, meaning that if it has been done by a group of people, the burden of that obligation falls from the others.
Inferring Alignments I
Authors: Silva Fabio
Published: August 2019

Using computer simulations, this paper explores and quantifies the accuracy and precision of two approaches to the statistical inference of the most likely targets of a set of structural orientations. It discusses the curvigram method (also known as kernel density estimation or summed probability distribution) in wide currency in archaeoastronomy, and introduces the largely unutilised maximum likelihood (ML) method, which has popularity in other academic fields. An analysis of both methods’ accuracy and precision is done, using a scenario with a single target, and the resulting equations can be used to estimate the minimum number of surveyed structures required to ensure a high-precision statistical inference. Two fundamental observations emerge: firstly, that although both approaches are quite accurate, the ML approach is considerably more precise than the curvigram approach; and secondly, that underestimating measurement uncertainty severely undermines the precision of the curvigram method. Finally, the implications of these observations for past, present and future archaeoastronomical research are discussed.
A qualitative investigation of the experience of accent stigmatisation among native and nonnative French speakers in Canada
Authors: Freynet Nathalie , Clément Richard , Sylvestre John
Published: August 2019

Decades of language attitudes research have documented negative evaluations of non-standard speakers. However, fewer studies have investigated the experience of stigmatization from the perspective of the non-standard speakers themselves. The study aims to explore the following questions: (1) What perception do speakers hold of their accent? (2) What does perceived accent discrimination look like? (3) How do stigmatized speakers respond to discriminatory experiences? Semistructured interviews were conducted among 36 (native, n=18; non-native, n=18) French-speaking participants in Canada. Participants were systematically selected from three regions in Canada for each group, capturing the experiences of nonstandard speakers from areas with varying levels of French ethnolinguistic vitality. The results show that (1) attitudes towards one's accent often appear to reinforce or diminish pride in one's way of speaking, and feelings of belonging or language competency; (2) accent stigmatization among French speakers in Canada is perceived by many non-standard speakers, and discrimination is perceived to occur in various settings and to take multiple forms; (3) behavioural, cognitive and affective responses to and consequences of discrimination are identified.
Sex doesn't matter?
Authors: Rainbow Jennifer Anne Sloan
Published: August 2019

In this paper, I seek to highlight and re-emphasise the ongoing problem of the disconnection between the terms ‘hate’ and linguistic violence against women. Despite the prevalence of violent, misogynistic and sexist actions against women, it was only in 2016 that police forces saw fit to categorise these actions as ‘hate’, and only then in one police force (Nottinghamshire Police) with one forward thinking (female) Chief Constable working in partnership with Nottingham Women's Centre. As such, I seek here to look in more depth at the disconnection between hate and crimes according to sex – particularly with regard to hate speech, and to unpick some of the reasons behind this, and the problems with failing to acknowledge such matters within law and social policy.
Transgender language reform
Authors: Zimman Lal
Published: August 2019

Transgender people's recent increase in visibility in the contemporary United States has presented new linguistic challenges. This article investigates those challenges and presents strategies developed by trans speakers and promoted by trans activists concerned with language reform. The first of these is the selection of gendered lexical items, including both gender identity terms (woman, man, etc.) and more implicitly gendered words (e.g. beautiful, handsome). The second is the assignment of third person pronouns like she/her/hers and he/ him/his as well as non-binary pronouns like singular they/them/theirs or ze/ hir/hirs. Both of these challenges tap into the importance trans people place on individual self-identification, and they come with new interactional practices such as asking people directly what pronouns they would like others to use when referring to them. The third challenge addressed here is avoiding gendering people when the referent's gender isn't relevant or known, which can be addressed through the selection of gender-neutral or gender-inclusive language. The final challenge is how to discuss gender when it is relevant – e.g. in discussions of gender identity, socialisation or sexual physiology – without delegitimising trans identities. Several strategies are presented to address this issue, such as hedging all generalisations based on gender, even when doing so seems unnecessary in the normative sex/gender framework or using more precise language regarding what aspect(s) of gender are relevant. Taken as a whole, trans language reform reflects the importance of language, not just as an auxiliary to identity, but as the primary grounds on which identity construction takes place.
The banality of evil
Authors: Borba Rodrigo , Milani tommaso M.
Published: August 2019

The aim of this article is to unveil how cisnormativity is institutionalised in a Brazilian gender clinic, creating an emotionally charged local regime of doctor/ patient interactions. Our interest is not only in illustrating how the clinic's institutionalised normatitivies about transbodies are the result of the crystallisation of particular transnational medical discourses, but also in showing how such a normative framework creates specific conditions for trans people's acts of resistance. In order to capture this dual perspective on norms and resistance to them, we draw upon three important but somewhat neglected perspectives in sociolinguistic and discourse analytical research, which may bring some fresh insights to the study of language and discrimination more broadly: Hannah Arendt's (1994) reflections on the ‘banality of evil’; Michel de Certeau's (1984) ideas about the no less banal ways in which social actors speak back to power via a plethora of ‘tactics of resistance’; and transfeminism's critique of language and the banalisation of hegemonic systems of oppression.
Racial, linguistic and professional discrimination towards teachers of English as a foreign language
Authors: Mugford Gerrard , Rubio Michel Citlali
Published: August 2019

English Language Teaching is a globalised industry which attempts to standardise the use of textbooks and teaching materials (Gray 2002), implement universally accepted teaching methodologies (Canagarajah 2002) and promote internationally recognised examinations (Littlejohn 2013). This one-size-fits-all objective not only ignores local contexts and specific learners’ needs, but also promotes the concept of the idealised ‘native’ English language teacher who adheres to teaching tenets and precepts emanating from English-speaking countries. In this paper, we argue that discrimination against Mexican teachers is not so much carried out through paying lower wages but perpetrated through job discrimination, unequal working conditions and fewer opportunities for career advancement. Deference to the idealised teacher increases racial, linguistic and professional tensions and discrimination in countries such as Mexico where local teachers’ knowledge, experience, insights and practices are often disregarded if not disparaged. The investment that Mexican ‘non-native’ teachers make in time, money and effort in certifying themselves as professionals is often thwarted, as ‘native-speaking’ and ‘native-trained’ teachers frequently receive privileged working conditions and employment benefits. By conducting semi-structured informal interviews and written questionnaires, we narrate and analyse seventeen Mexican teachers’ experiences of racism, professional belittlement and discriminatory employment practices, along with the experiences of Mexican EFL students. Therefore, the article helps raise non-native teacher awareness covering a range of discriminatory and inequitable employment practices.
Towards a critical stylistics of disability
Authors: Hermeston Rod
Published: August 2019

This article sets out the initial terrain for a critical stylistics of disability exposing the linguistic structures that encode often harmful ideologies surrounding disabled people. Disabled people are represented in literature and the media in general as ‘other’, and as curiosities to be described and explained. They are represented stereotypically as pitiable, evil, burdensome, as ‘Super Cripples’ or super humans, or as self-pitying. Such depictions can be internalised by and harmful to disabled people. Analysis will need to acknowledge that disabled people are frequently foregrounded as socially deviant in representations. Areas for analysis will include the author status as disabled or non-disabled, narrative mode, and the use of disability as metaphor. However, major areas for study will be description in noun phrases, transitivity analysis and the language of appraisal and evaluation. These can be scrutinised to expose the manner in which ideologies and stereotypes of disability are encoded.
A critical discourse analysis of George W. Bush's ‘War on Terror’ speech
Authors: Beshara Robert K.
Published: August 2019

In this article, I dissect an excerpt from George W. Bush's address to a joint session of Congress and the American people wherein the former President of the United States (POTUS) uttered the (catch)phrase the ‘war on terror’ (WOT). To accomplish this dissection, I apply Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) together with Lacanian psychoanalysis among other critical tools. My aim here is to deconstruct/recode the WOT discourse in the hope of opening up possibilities for alternative, and more constructive, counter-discourses on the social problem of ‘terrorism’ that afford multiple subject positions beyond the (counter)terrorism binary. As an Orientalist ideology, the WOT indexes the larger archive of American exceptionalism and can be traced back to the rise of the neo-conservative movement in the 1980s. This analysis is particularly relevant in the context of the current political climate in the United States, where the WOT rhetoric continues to normalise the logic of Islamophobia.