bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of subjective cognitive deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Loessner Lorenz , Matthes Claudia , Haussmann Robert , Brandt Moritz D. , Sauer Cathrin , Espin Melanie , Noppes Felix , Werner Annett , Linn Jennifer , Hummel Thomas , Haehner Antje , Donix Markus
Published: December 2021

Background

Detailed examination of cognitive deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) yields substantial diagnostic and prognostic value, specifically with respect to memory. Magnitude and characteristics of subjective cognitive deficits, however, often receive less attention in this population at risk for developing dementia.

Methods

We investigated predictors of subjective cognitive deficits in patients with MCI, using a detailed assessment for such impairments associated with different cognitive domains, as well as demographic and clinical variables including magnetic resonance imaging data.

Results

The strongest predictor for subjective memory deficits was depressed mood, whereas subjective performance issues associated with attention or executive functions also corresponded to measurable impairments in the respective cognitive domains. Reduced hippocampal thickness and hemispheric entorhinal cortex thickness asymmetry were associated with objective memory impairment but not with subjective deficits or symptoms of depression.

Conclusions

Whereas low objective memory performance and reduced cortical thickness within medial temporal lobe subregions could be associated with neurodegeneration, greater subjective memory deficits in patients with MCI may indicate psychological burden.
Citizens' expectations about social protection in multilevel governance: The interplay between national and supranational institutions
Authors: Baute Sharon
Published: December 2021

Two contrasting perspectives can be identified in the current literature on the relationship between European integration and the welfare state. On the one hand, the race to the bottom thesis presumes that welfare spending will be reduced to the lowest common denominator. On the other hand, the upward convergence thesis suggests that European integration supports and strengthens the capacities of national welfare states. This suggests that the consequences of European integration for national social protection systems are ambiguous. The current study contributes to this debate, by investigating the relationship between European integration and the welfare state from the perspective of public opinion. Do European citizens envision a race to the bottom or an upward convergence in social protection, and why so? Analysing data from the European Social Survey in 18 EU countries, the article reveals that the material benefits brought by national and supranational institutions, jointly shape citizens' expectations about the EU–welfare nexus, although in opposite directions. Generous national welfare provision fuels expectations that European integration fosters a race to the bottom for social protection levels, while higher receipts from EU Structural Fund programs and individual trust in EU institutions raise expectations of the EU as a catalyst of upward convergence in social standards. The implications of these findings for social policymaking in multilevel governance regimes are discussed.
Effective PPGIS in spatial decision‐making: Reflecting participant priorities by illustrating the implications of their choices
Authors: Denwood Timna , Huck Jonny J. , Lindley Sarah
Published: December 2021

The use of local knowledge adds value to the decision‐making process, for which public participatory GIS (PPGIS) are widely deployed. However, there are often issues in the way that PPGIS are designed, particularly with respect to the type of spatial representation used. We propose “informed interfaces” as a novel approach to PPGIS interface design, to ensure the system can effectively reflect the interests, priorities and values of participants in case‐specific spatial decision‐making. This article introduces the concept before demonstrating the benefits of the approach using two examples of informed interfaces through an illustrative UK case study. Evidence was gathered from three face‐to‐face workshops and five multi‐participant online usability tests, revealing that participants felt more confident in the data sets they produced using the informed interfaces. The results also confirm that informed interfaces hold the potential to provide richer, more veracious data sets for improved decision‐making, revealing new insights into local perspectives.
Turbocharger Radial Turbine Response to Pulse Amplitude
Authors: Mosca Roberto , Maw Lim Shyang , Mihaescu Mihai
Published: December 2021

Under on-engine operating conditions, a turbocharger turbine is subject to a pulsating flow and, consequently, experiences deviations from the performance measured in gas-stand flow conditions. Furthermore, due to the high exhaust gases temperatures, heat transfer further deteriorates the turbine performance. The complex interaction of the aerothermodynamic mechanisms occurring inside the hot-side, and consequently the turbine behavior, is largely affected by the shape of the pulse, which can be parameterized through three parameters: pulse amplitude, frequency, and temporal gradient. This paper investigates the hot-side system response to the pulse amplitude via detached eddy simulations (DES) of a turbocharger radial turbine system including the exhaust manifold. First, the computational model is validated against experimental data obtained in gas-stand flow conditions. Then, two different mass flow pulses, characterized by a pulse amplitude difference of ≈5%, are compared. An exergy-based post-processing approach shows the beneficial effects of increasing the pulse amplitude. An improvement of the turbine power by 1.3%, despite the increment of the heat transfer and total internal irreversibilities by 5.8% and 3.4%, respectively, is reported. As a result of the higher maximum speeds, internal losses caused by viscous friction are responsible for the growth of the total internal irreversibilities as pulse amplitude increases.
Carbon Dioxide Transport Pipeline Systems: Overview of Technical Characteristics, Safety, Integrity and Cost, and Potential Application of Digital Twin
Authors: Sleiti Ahmad K. , Al-Ammari Wahib A. , Vesely Ladislav , Kapat Jayanta S.
Published: December 2021

Carbon dioxide transport from capture to utilization or storage locations plays key functions in carbon capture and storage systems. In this study, a comprehensive overview and technical guidelines are provided for CO2 pipeline transport systems. Design specifications, construction procedures, cost, safety regulations, environmental and risk aspects are presented and discussed. Furthermore, challenges and future research directions associated with CO2 transport are sorted out including the large capital and operational costs, integrity, flow assurance, and safety issues. A holistic assessment of the impurities’ impacts on corrosion rate and phase change of the transported stream is required to improve pipeline integrity. The influence of impurities and the changes in elevation on the pressure drop along the pipeline need to be further investigated to ensure continuous flow via accurate positioning of pumping stations. Although the long-experience in oil and gas pipeline industry forms powerful reference, it is necessary to develop particular standards and techno-economic frameworks to mitigate the barriers facing CO2 transport systems. Digital twins (DT) have potential to transform CO2 transport sector to achieve high reliability, availability, and maintainability at lower cost. Herein, an integrated five-component robust DT framework is proposed for CO2 pipeline transport systems and the future directions for DT development are insinuated. Data-driven algorithms capable of predicting system's dynamic behavior still need to be developed. The data-driven approach alone is not sufficient and low-order physics-based models should operate in tandem with the updated system parameters to allow interpretation and result's enhancing. Discrepancies between dynamic system models, anomaly detection, and deep learning (ADL) require in-depth localized off-line simulations.
“Teaching to Transgress”: Race and a Pedagogy of Empowerment in Kinesiology
Authors: Armstrong Ketra L.
Published: December 2021

The legacy of racism and anti-Blackness that permeates society also permeates higher education, creating marginalizing experiences for many Black students. With few exceptions, critical discussions about race in kinesiology are lacking, or race talk is oppressive, negotiated as “safe talk,” and/or often silent and masked in race neutrality, racial coding, and color blindness. Consequently, a “quiet game” is in session in many kinesiology classrooms. However, racial silence has different meanings and effects on people of color. For Black students, race is often a salient part of their history, story, and lived experiences; consequently, it often impacts their learning inspiration and aspirations. This essay discusses the concept of “learning while Black” and illustrates ways in which kinesiology may “teach to transgress” racial oppression by intentionally and boldly embracing education as a practice of freedom, imparting race into a pedagogy of empowerment.
Terahertz light–driven coupling of antiferromagnetic spins to lattice
Authors: Mashkovich Evgeny A. , Grishunin Kirill A. , Dubrovin Roman M. , Zvezdin Anatoly K. , Pisarev Roman V. , Kimel Alexey V.
Published: December 2021

Coupling up of spins and lattice

The development of spintronics and magnetic data storage relies on understanding and controlling the dynamics of magnetic excitations within a material. Of crucial importance for practical applications is how fast the magnetization can be switched. Mashkovich
et al
. report the use of ultrafast terahertz radiation to create magnon excitations in the antiferromagnet cobalt difluoride that can then be coupled with phonon excitations (see the Perspective by Juraschek and Narang). Using light to control coupling between the spins and the lattice provides a route to manipulate magnetization in antiferromagnetic materials on ultrafast time scales. —ISO
Enhancement of lithium-mediated ammonia synthesis by addition of oxygen
Authors: Li Katja , Andersen Suzanne Z. , Statt Michael J. , Saccoccio Mattia , Bukas Vanessa J. , Krempl Kevin , Sažinas Rokas , Pedersen Jakob B. , Shadravan Vahid , Zhou Yuanyuan , Chakraborty Debasish , Kibsgaard Jakob , Vesborg Peter C. K. , Nørskov Jens K. , Chorkendorff Ib
Published: December 2021

Boosting ammonia with a little oxygen

Ammonia synthesis from nitrogen for fertilizer production is highly energy intensive. Chemists are therefore exploring electrochemical approaches that could draw power from renewable sources while generating less waste. One promising cycle involves the reduction of lithium ions at an electrode, with the resultant metal in turn reducing nitrogen and regenerating the ions. Li
et al
. report the counterintuitive result that small quantities of oxygen could enhance the efficiency of this process, which they attribute to diffusional effects that limit excessive lithium reduction. —JSY
Fibrin is a critical regulator of neutrophil effector function at the oral mucosal barrier
Authors: Silva Lakmali M. , Doyle Andrew D. , Greenwell-Wild Teresa , Dutzan Nicolas , Tran Collin L. , Abusleme Loreto , Juang Lih Jiin , Leung Jerry , Chun Elizabeth M. , Lum Andrew G. , Agler Cary S. , Zuazo Carlos E. , Sibree Megan , Jani Priyam , Kram Vardit , Martin Daniel , Moss Kevin , Lionakis Michail S. , Castellino Francis J. , Kastrup Christian J. , Flick Matthew J. , Divaris Kimon , Bugge Thomas H. , Moutsopoulos Niki M.
Published: December 2021

Fibrin gums up the works

Plasmin is an abundant plasma protease that cleaves and deactivates the clot-associated protein fibrin. Human deficiencies in plasmin and its inactive proenzyme form, plasminogen (PLG), cause severe inflammation in mucosal tissues such as the mouth and eyes. Silva
et al
. report that, like humans, mice lacking plasminogen accumulate extravascular fibrin and develop an oral pathology that phenocopies human ligneous periodontitis (see the Perspective by Vicanolo and Hidalgo). The excess fibrin activates neutrophils through the αMβ2 (Mac-1) integrin receptor, which triggers the production of reactive oxygen species and neutrophil extracellular traps. Additionally, certain human polymorphisms in the PLG gene were found to be associated with increased likelihood of developing periodontitis, suggesting that fibrin–neutrophil interactions may be an attractive target for future treatments of this prevalent disease. —STS
A new tool to probe SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Johnson Bryan A. , Menachery Vineet D.
Published: December 2021

Virus-like particles offer a new way to investigate genetic variation in SARS-CoV-2
In Science Journals
Authors: Jiang Di , Szuromi Phil , Foley John F. , Vinson Valda , Yeston Jake , Kelly Priscilla N. , Charneski Catherine A. , Alderton Gemma , Scanlon Seth Thomas , Vignieri Sacha , Hines Pamela J. , Osborne Ian S. , Funk Michael A. , Isles Hannah M.
Published: December 2021

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
Sedimentary response of a structural estuary to Holocene coseismic subsidence
Authors: Reynolds Laura C. , Simms Alexander R. , Rockwell Thomas K. , Yokoyama Yusuke , Miyairi Yosuke , Hangsterfer Alexandra
Published: December 2021

Stratigraphic evidence for coseismic subsidence has been documented in active-margin estuaries throughout the world. Most of these studies have been conducted in subduction zone or strike-slip settings; however, the stratigraphic response to coseismic subsidence in other tectonic settings would benefit from further study. Here we show evidence of late Holocene coseismic subsidence in a structural estuary in southern California. Below the modern marsh surface, an organic-rich mud containing marsh gastropods, foraminifera, and geochemical signatures indicative of terrestrial influence (mud facies) is sharply overlain by a blue-gray sand containing intertidal and subtidal bivalves and geochemical signatures of marine influence (gray sand facies). We use well-established criteria to interpret this contact as representing an abrupt 1.3 ± 1.1 m rise in relative sea level (RSL) generated by coseismic subsidence with some contribution from sediment compaction and/or erosion. The contact dates to 1.0 ± 0.3 ka and is the only event indicative of rapid RSL rise in the 7 k.y. sedimentary record studied. Consistent with observations made in previous coseismic subsidence studies, an acceleration in tidal-flat sedimentation followed this abrupt increase in accommodation; however, the recovery of the estuary to its pre-subsidence elevations was spatially variable and required 500–900 years, which is longer than the recovery time estimated for estuaries with larger tidal ranges and wetter climates.
Late Quaternary active faulting on the inherited Baoertu basement fault within the eastern Tian Shan orogenic belt: Implications for regional tectonic deformation and slip partitioning, NW China
Authors: Wu Chuanyong , Ren Guangxue , Wang Siyu , Yang Xue , Chen Gan , Duan Lei , Zhang Zhuqi , Zheng Wenjun , Li Chuanyou , Ren Zhikun , Lei Qiyun , Zhang Dongli
Published: December 2021

The deformation pattern and slip partitioning related to oblique underthrusting of the Tarim Basin in the eastern Tian Shan orogenic belt are not well understood because interior deformation images are lacking. The Baoertu fault is an E-W–striking, ~350-km-long reactivated basement structure within the eastern Tian Shan. In this study, we quantify its late Quaternary activity based on interpretations of detailed high-resolution remote sensing images and field investigations. Three field observation sites along an ~80-km-long fault segment indicate that the Baoertu fault is characterized by sinistral thrust faulting. Based on surveying of the displaced geomorphic surfaces with an unmanned drone and dating of the late Quaternary sediments using radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) methods, we estimate a late Quaternary left-lateral, strike-slip rate of 1.87 ± 0.29 mm/yr and a N–S shortening rate of 0.26 ± 0.04 mm/yr for this fault. The lithospheric Baoertu fault acts as a decoupling zone and accommodates the left-lateral shearing caused by the oblique underthrusting of the Tarim Basin. In the eastern Tian Shan orogenic belt, the oblique convergence is partitioned into thrust faulting across the entire range and sinistral slip faulting on the high-dip basement structure within the orogen. This active faulting pattern in the eastern Tian Shan of sinistral shearing in the center and thrust faulting on both sides can be viewed as giant, crustal-scale positive flower structures.
Cryosols from Tundra and Taiga Zones of Yakutia: Properties, Clay Mineralogy, and Problems of Classification
Authors: Desyatkin R. V. , Lessovaia S. N. , Okoneshnikova M. V. , Ivanova A. Z.
Published: December 2021

Abstract—

Data on major properties and clay mineralogy in the profiles of slightly differentiated Cryosols forming in cold ultracontinental climate of Yakutia are discussed. The particular objects are represented by the cryozems of tundra, forest-tundra, and northern taiga of the Anabar and Alazeya plateaus and by the palevaya (pale) soil of middle taiga in Central Yakutia. The differentiation of clay minerals in the vertical soil profiles is poorly pronounced because of the strong homogenizing impact of cryoturbation processes. The profile of pale soil displays minor differences in clay mineralogy despite the strong difference in acid–base conditions of the upper and lower horizons. However, the obtained data suggest that mineral weathering in pale soils of Central Yakutia is more advanced than it was concluded in the 1970s on the basis of data on the absence of pronounced trends in the vertical distribution of clay minerals in their profiles. This is in good agreement with the presence of a sufficiently thick upper humus horizon in these soils, which is typical of the soils of more humid regions. It is suggested that pale soils of Central Yakutia should be classified as soddy pale soils.
Implementing two-stage consent pathway in neonatal trials
Authors: Mitchell Eleanor , Oddie Sam J , Dorling Jon , Gale Chris , Johnson Mark John , McGuire William , Ojha Shalini
Published: December 2021

Perinatal trials sometimes require rapid recruitment processes to facilitate inclusion of participants when interventions are time-critical. A two-stage consent pathway has been used in some trials and is supported by national guidance. This pathway includes seeking oral assent for participation during the time-critical period followed by informed written consent later. This approach is being used in the fluids exclusively enteral from day one (FEED1) trial where participants need to be randomised within 3 hours of birth. There is some apprehension about approaching parents for participation via the oral assent pathway. The main reasons for this are consistent with previous research: lack of a written record, lack of standardised information and unfamiliarity with the process. Here, we describe how the pathway has been implemented in the FEED1 trial and the steps the trial team have taken to support sites. We provide recommendations for future trials to consider if they are considering implementing a similar pathway. Trial registration number:ISRCTN89654042.
Preoperative predictors for a successful return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR): a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Carter Hayley , Lewis Gwyn , Smith Benjamin Edward
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Return to sport (RTS) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is the primary goal for most patients. However, the decision of when to RTS is difficult for patients and clinicians as it is based on limited available evidence. Over the past decade, a number of predictor variables have been associated with RTS after ACLR. We present a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols compliant protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of preoperative predictors for RTS/preinjury levels of physical activity following ACLR.

Methods and analysis

A literature search will be performed in six electronic databases (CINAHL, AMED, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and PsycINFO via EBSCOhost and Web of Science) from inception to December 2020. Prospective, retrospective and cross-sectional study designs will be included. To be included, studies will need to identify at least one preoperative predictor and identify the relationship between the predictor(s) and RTS/preinjury levels of physical activity following ACLR. Blinded assessment with consensus agreement will be applied for inclusion of studies, data extraction, risk of bias assessment using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. If data allows and studies are considered homogeneous, data will be pooled through a meta-analysis. If heterogenous, a narrative synthesis will be completed. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be completed, where appropriate.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical permission is not required for this study. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and international conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020222567.
How did nurses cope with the fast, comprehensive organisational changes at Danish hospital wards during the COVID-19 pandemic? An interview study based on nurses’ experiences
Authors: Thude Bettina Ravnborg , Primdahl Jette , Jensen Hanne Irene , Elkjær Mette , Hoffmann Eva , Boye Lilian Keene , Specht Kirsten
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced hospital work and healthcare workers all over the world. We explored how Danish nurses coped with the fast, comprehensive organisational changes in their workplace and identified barriers to and facilitators for organisations ensuring the best possible conditions for nurses to meet these challenges. The study focuses on the organisational setting and how it did or did not support the nurses in their work.

Methods

A qualitative explorative design was used in interviewing 23 nurses who had worked at a COVID-19 ward in one of three hospitals. Data were collected in the summer of 2020, and the analysis was inspired by Paul Ricoeur’s theory of narratives and interpretation.

Results

The presence of managers in the wards helped the nurses in the form of psychological and practical support. Working within an organisation that provides a safe environment was essential for nurses. The experience of a safe environment allowed nurses to ask questions, which supported them in finding solutions to specific tasks in the new and critical working environment. Barriers to handling the new situation were an absence of managers and a lack of a sense of belongingness and trust.

Conclusion

This study highlights the need for management to be present in the ward and for organisational support to be available to nurses so they can provide optimal treatment and care when working in new and unknown conditions during a pandemic. Practical assistance from managers to ease the job is beneficial. Furthermore, the presence of management is essential to provide psychological support and create a safe environment because this allows nurses to ask questions about how to better manage new and critical tasks.
PediaTrac V.3.0 protocol: a prospective, longitudinal study of the development and validation of a web-based tool to measure and track infant and toddler development from birth through 18 months
Authors: Lajiness-O'Neill Renee , Warschausky Seth , Huth-Bocks Alissa , Taylor H Gerry , Brooks Judith , Lukomski Angela , Raghunathan Trivellore Eachambadi , Berglund Patricia , Staples Angela D , Erdodi Laszlo , Schilling Stephen
Published: December 2021

Introduction

The need for an efficient, low-cost, comprehensive measure to track infant/toddler development and treatment outcomes is critical, given the importance of early detection and monitoring. This manuscript describes the protocol for the development and testing of a novel measure, PediaTrac, that collects longitudinal, prospective, multidomain data from parents/caregivers to characterise infant/toddler developmental trajectories in term and preterm infants. PediaTrac, a web-based measure, has the potential to become the standard method for monitoring development and detecting risk in infancy and toddlerhood.

Methods and analyses

Using a multisite, prospective design, primarcaregivers will completePediaTracV.3.0, a survey tool that queries core domains of early development, including feeding/eating/elimination, sleep, sensorimotor, social/sensory information processing, social/communication/cognition and early relational health. Information also will be obtained about demographic, medical and environmental factors and embedded response bias indices are being developed as part of the measure. Using an approach that systematically measures infant/toddler developmental domains during a schedule that corresponds to well-child visits (newborn, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 months), we will assess 360 caregiver/term infant dyads and 240 caregiver/preterm infant dyads (gestational age <37 weeks). Parameter estimates of our items and latent traits (eg, sensorimotor) will be estimated by theta using item response theory-graded response modelling. Participants also will complete legacy (ie, established) measures of development and caregiver health and functioning, used to provide evidence for construct (discriminant) validity. Predictive validity will be evaluated by examining relationships between the PediaTrac domains and the legacy measures in the total sample and in a subsample of 100 participants who will undergo a neurodevelopmental assessment at 24 months of age.

Ethics and dissemination

This investigation has single Institutional Review Board (IRB) multisite approval from the University of Michigan (IRB HUM00151584). The results will be presented at prominent conferences and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.
Maternal health and Indigenous traditional midwives in southern Mexico: contextualisation of a scoping review
Authors: Sarmiento Iván , Paredes-Solís Sergio , Dion Anna , Silver Hilah , Vargas Emily , Cruz Paloma , Pimentel Juan , Zuluaga Germán , Cockcroft Anne , Andersson Neil
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Collate published evidence of factors that affect maternal health in Indigenous communities and contextualise the findings with stakeholder perspectives in the Mexican State of Guerrero.

Design

Scoping review and stakeholder fuzzy cognitive mapping.

Inclusion and exclusion

The scoping review included empirical studies (quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods) that addressed maternal health issues among Indigenous communities in the Americas and reported on the role or influence of traditional midwives before June 2020. The contextualisation drew on two previous studies of traditional midwife and researcher perspectives in southern Mexico.

Results

The initial search identified 4461 references. Of 87 selected studies, 63 came from Guatemala and Mexico. Three small randomised trials involved traditional midwives. One addressed the practice of traditional midwifery. With diverse approaches to cultural differences, the studies used contrasting definitions of traditional midwives. A fuzzy cognitive map graphically summarised the influences identified in the scoping review. When we compared the literature’s map with those from 29 traditional midwives in Guerrero and eight international researchers, the three sources coincided in the importance of self-care practices, rituals and traditional midwifery. The primary concern reflected in the scoping review was access to Western healthcare, followed by maternal health outcomes. For traditional midwives, the availability of hospital or health centre in the community was less relevant and had negative effects on other protective influences, while researchers conditioned its importance to its levels of cultural safety. Traditional midwives highlighted the role of violence against women, male involvement and traditional diseases.

Conclusions

The literature and stakeholder maps showed maternal health resulting from complex interacting factors in which promotion of cultural practices was compatible with a protective effect on Indigenous maternal health. Future research challenges include traditional concepts of diseases and the impact on maternal health of gender norms, self-care practices and authentic traditional midwifery.
Predicting death from COVID-19 using pre-existing conditions: implications for vaccination triage
Authors: Xiao Shujie , Sahasrabudhe Neha , Hochstadt Samantha , Cabral Whitney , Simons Samantha , Yang Mao , Lanfear David E , Williams L Keoki
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Global shortages in the supply of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have resulted in campaigns to first inoculate individuals at highest risk for death from COVID-19. Here, we develop a predictive model of COVID-19-related death using longitudinal clinical data from patients in metropolitan Detroit.

Methods

All individuals included in the analysis had a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thirty-six pre-existing conditions with a false discovery rate p<0.05 were combined with other demographic variables to develop a parsimonious prediction model using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. The model was then prospectively validated in a separate set of individuals with confirmed COVID-19.

Results

The study population consisted of 15 502 individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2. The main prediction model was developed using data from 11 635 individuals with 709 reported deaths (case fatality ratio 6.1%). The final prediction model consisted of 14 variables with 11 comorbidities. This model was then prospectively assessed among the remaining 3867 individuals (185 deaths; case fatality ratio 4.8%). When compared with using an age threshold of 65 years, the 14-variable model detected 6% more of the individuals who would die from COVID-19. However, below age 45 years and its risk equivalent, there was no benefit to using the prediction model over age alone.

Discussion

Using a prediction model, such as the one described here, may help identify individuals who would most benefit from COVID-19 inoculation, and thereby may produce more dramatic initial drops in deaths through targeted vaccination.
Gut content metabarcoding reveals potential importance of fisheries discards consumption in marine fauna
Authors: Lejeune Benjamin , Mouchet Maud Aline , Mehault Sonia , Kopp Dorothée
Published: December 2021

Fisheries discards have become a source of concern for the perennation of marine resources. To reduce discards, the European Union adopted a Landing Obligation under the reform of its Common Fisheries Policy. However, food web consequences of reducing discards remain uncertain since their degree and pathway of reintegration are understudied. We used multi-marker DNA metabarcoding of gut contents and an ecological network approach to quantify marine fauna reliance on discarded fish and functional importance of discard consumers in coastal fishing grounds. We show that potential discard consumption is widespread across fish and invertebrates, but particularly important for decapods, which were also pinpointed as functionally important. Potential discard consumption may represent up to 66% of all interactions involving fish prey in the reconstructed network. We highlight that discard reliance may be more important than previously assessed in some fishing areas and support functionally important taxa. While reducing discarding remains a conservation priority, it is crucial to understand discards reintegration in marine food webs to anticipate changes in the context of an ecosystem approach to fisheries management.
Dialogical teaching of research integrity: an overview of selected methods
Authors: Koterwas Agnieszka , Dwojak-Matras Agnieszka , Kalinowska Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

This communication discusses the dialogical methods of teaching research integrity and ethics as a part of the positive integrity trend focused on supporting ethical behaviour. The aim of this paper is to offer a brief overview of the selected dialogical strategies based on cases that can be successfully implemented in teaching ethical research and when sharing experiences on good scientific practice. We describe such methods as: storytelling, rotatory role playing, and the fishbowl debate, along with the “Dilemma Game” tool, “ConscienceApp” performance, and a flipped classroom idea. These theoretical considerations are based on research conducted as part of a European project under the Horizon 2020 programme.
Host traits and lifetime fitness costs of being parasitized in red-breasted mergansers
Authors: Craik Shawn R. , Titman Rodger D. , Calvert Anna M. , Robertson Gregory J. , Mallory Mark L. , Gutowsky Sarah E.
Published: December 2021

The addition of eggs to a nest by a conspecific is known for approximately 250 bird species. Understanding the evolution of conspecific brood parasitism (CBP) requires assessment of fitness consequences to the egg recipient (host). We addressed host traits and the effects of CBP on future reproduction (i.e., annual survival) and hatching success of hosts by following the nesting of 206 red-breasted mergansers ( Mergus serrator) for a colony in which an average of 41% of nests was parasitized annually. Each host was tracked for ≥2 seasons and up to seven seasons. The proportion of a host’s nesting attempts that was parasitized averaged 43% and varied considerably across individuals (range 0%–100%). Probability of parasitism, however, was not repeatable across a host’s nests. Rather, rates of CBP throughout a host’s lifetime increased with earlier dates of nest initiation. CBP had no effect on annual survival of a host. Hatching success throughout a host’s lifetime declined with a greater number of foreign eggs added to the individual’s nests. This study revealed that there may be measurable costs of CBP to lifetime reproductive success in red-breasted mergansers, although our observations suggest that costs to hosts are limited to the most heavily parasitized clutches.
Updated physics performance of the ESSnuSB experiment
Authors: Alekou A. , Baussan E. , Blaskovic Kraljevic N. , Blennow M. , Bogomilov M. , Bouquerel E. , Burgman A. , Carlile C. J. , Cederkall J. , Christiansen P. , Collins M. , Cristaldo Morales E. , D’Alessi L. , Danared H. , de André J. P. A. M. , Delahaye J. P. , Dracos M. , Efthymiopoulos I. , Ekelöf T. , Eshraqi M. , Fanourakis G. , Fernandez-Martinez E. , Folsom B. , Ghosh M. , Gokbulut G. , Halić L. , Kayis Topaksu A. , Kliček B. , Krhač K. , Lindroos M. , Mezzetto M. , Oglakci M. , Ohlsson T. , Olvegård M. , Ota T. , Park J. , Petkov G. , Poussot P. , Rosauro-Alcaraz S. , Stavropoulos G. , Stipčević M. , Terranova F. , Thomas J. , Tolba T. , Tsenov R. , Vankova-Kirilova G. , Vassilopoulos N. , Wildner E. , Wurtz J. , Zormpa O. , Zou Y.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we present the physics performance of the ESSnuSB experiment in the standard three flavor scenario using the updated neutrino flux calculated specifically for the ESSnuSB configuration and updated migration matrices for the far detector. Taking conservative systematic uncertainties corresponding to a normalization error of $$5\%$$

5
%

for signal and $$10\%$$

10
%

for background, we find that there is $$10\sigma $$

10
σ

$$(13\sigma )$$

(
13
σ
)

CP violation discovery sensitivity for the baseline option of 540 km (360 km) at $$\delta _\mathrm{CP} = \pm 90^\circ $$

δ
CP

=
±

90
∘

. The corresponding fraction of $$\delta _\mathrm{CP}$$

δ
CP

for which CP violation can be discovered at more than $$5 \sigma $$

5
σ

is $$70\%$$

70
%

. Regarding CP precision measurements, the $$1\sigma $$

1
σ

error associated with $$\delta _\mathrm{CP} = 0^\circ $$

δ
CP

=

0
∘

is around $$5^\circ $$

5
∘

and with $$\delta _\mathrm{CP} = -90^\circ $$

δ
CP

=
-

90
∘

is around $$14^\circ $$

14
∘

$$(7^\circ )$$

(

7
∘

)

for the baseline option of 540 km (360 km). For hierarchy sensitivity, one can have $$3\sigma $$

3
σ

sensitivity for 540 km baseline except $$\delta _\mathrm{CP} = \pm 90^\circ $$

δ
CP

=
±

90
∘

and $$5\sigma $$

5
σ

sensitivity for 360 km baseline for all values of $$\delta _\mathrm{CP}$$

δ
CP

. The octant of $$\theta _{23}$$

θ
23

can be determined at $$3 \sigma $$

3
σ

for the values of: $$\theta _{23} > 51^\circ $$

θ
23

>

51
∘

($$\theta _{23} < 42^\circ $$

θ
23

<

42
∘

and $$\theta _{23} > 49^\circ $$

θ
23

>

49
∘

) for baseline of 540 km (360 km). Regarding measurement precision of the atmospheric mixing parameters, the allowed values at $$3 \sigma $$

3
σ

are: $$40^\circ< \theta _{23} < 52^\circ $$

40
∘

<

θ
23

<

52
∘

($$42^\circ< \theta _{23} < 51.5^\circ $$

42
∘

<

θ
23

<
51
.

5
∘

) and $$2.485 \times 10^{-3}$$

2.485
×

10

-
3

eV$$^2< \varDelta m^2_{31} < 2.545 \times 10^{-3}$$

2

<
Δ

m
31
2

<
2.545
×

10

-
3

eV$$^2$$

2

($$2.49 \times 10^{-3}$$

2.49
×

10

-
3

eV$$^2< \varDelta m^2_{31} < 2.54 \times 10^{-3}$$

2

<
Δ

m
31
2

<
2.54
×

10

-
3

eV$$^2$$

2

) for the baseline of 540 km (360 km).
Neutral bremsstrahlung and excimer electroluminescence in noble gases and its relevance to two-phase dark matter detectors
Authors: Borisova E. , Buzulutskov A.
Published: December 2021

Proportional electroluminescence (EL) is the physical effect used in two-phase detectors for dark matter searches, to optically record (in the gas phase) the ionization signal produced by particle scattering in the liquid phase. In our previous work the presence of a new EL mechanism, namely that of neutral bremsstrahlung (NBrS), was demonstrated in two-phase argon detectors both theoretically and experimentally, in addition to the ordinary EL mechanism due to excimer emission. In this work the similar theoretical approach is applied to all noble gases, i.e. overall to helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon, to calculate the EL yields and spectra both for NBrS and excimer EL. The relevance of the results obtained to the development of two-phase dark matter detectors is discussed.
Maxwell perturbations in a cavity with Robin boundary conditions: two branches of modes with spectrum bifurcation on Schwarzschild black holes
Authors: Lei Yunhe , Wang Mengjie , Jing Jiliang
Published: December 2021

We perform a systematic study of the Maxwell quasinormal spectrum in a mirror-like cavity following the generic Robin type vanishing energy flux principle, by starting with the Schwarzschild black holes in this paper. It is shown that, for black holes in a cavity, the vanishing energy flux principle leads to two different sets of boundary conditions. By solving the Maxwell equations with these two boundary conditions both analytically and numerically, we observe two distinct sets of modes. This indicates that the vanishing energy flux principle may be applied not only to asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes but also to black holes in a cavity. In the analytic calculations, the imaginary part of the Maxwell quasinormal modes are derived analytically for both boundary conditions, which match well with the numeric results. While in the numeric calculations, we complete a thorough study on the two sets of the Maxwell spectrum by varying the mirror radius $$r_m$$

r
m

, the angular momentum quantum number $$\ell $$
ℓ
, and the overtone number N. In particular, we proclaim that the Maxwell spectrum may bifurcate for both modes when the mirror is placed around the black hole event horizon, which is analogous to the spectrum bifurcation effects found for the Maxwell fields on asymptotically AdS black holes. This observation provides another example to exhibit the similarity between black holes in a cavity and the AdS black holes.
Does Gold Still Shelter Inflation, and, if so, When? Evidence From Four Countries
Authors: Ghazali Mohd Fahmi , Ussdek Nurul Fasyah Mohd , Lean Hooi Hooi , Taunson Jude W.
Published: December 2021

This study investigates gold as a hedge or a safe haven against inflation in four countries. We propose two standard and quantile techniques in the volatility models, with a time-varying conditional variance of regression residuals based on TGARCH specifications. Gold exhibits considerable evidence of a strong hedge in the US and China. Nevertheless, gold provides shelter at different times and not consistently across countries. With regards to be a safe haven, gold retains its status as a key investment in China. On the other hand, gold only plays a minor role in the UK and India. These findings indicate that gold can secure Chinese investment during the high inflationary periods, while gold is a profitable asset to hold over a long period of time in the US. In contrast, UK and Indian investors should hold a well-diversified portfolio for sustainable return and protection from purchasing power loss.
Online-Retail Supply Chain Optimization with Credit Period and Selling Price-Dependent Demand
Authors: Xu Chunming , Wang Changlong , Ren Jie , Kang Linyao , Du Donglei
Published: December 2021

Credit payment strategies have been implemented widely in the online retail industry. This work studies an online-retail supply chain involving credit period and selling price-dependent demands. The participants of the supply chain form a Stackelberg game where the supplier as a follower sells products to the customers through an online platform provider, who as a leader provides a credit period to customers and charges the supplier based on the quantity of goods sold. We study and compare the supply chains when the online platform provider adopts the cash payment and credit payment strategies, respectively, to investigate the effects of the credit period, the selling price and the default risk on supply chain system performance. We also investigate these supply chains under both the centralized and decentralized settings and provide an example to illustrate a simple allocation mechanism to coordinate the decentralized supply chain. Finally, an extension of the supply chain with credit payment is given.
Nonsubmodular Constrained Profit Maximization in Attribute Networks
Authors: Du Liman , Yang Wenguo , Gao Suixiang
Published: December 2021

The number of social individuals who interact with their friends through social networks is increasing, leading to an undeniable fact that word-of-mouth marketing has become one of the useful ways to promote sale of products. The Constrained Profit Maximization in Attribute network (CPMA) problem, as an extension of the classical influence maximization problem, is the main focus of this paper. We propose the profit maximization in attribute network problem under a cardinality constraint which is closer to the actual situation. The profit spread metric of CPMA calculates the total benefit and cost generated by all the active nodes. Different from the classical Influence Maximization problem, the influence strength should be recalculated according to the emotional tendency and classification label of nodes in attribute networks. The profit spread metric is no longer monotone and submodular in general. Given that the profit spread metric can be expressed as the difference between two submodular functions and admits a DS decomposition, a three-phase algorithm named as Marginal increment and Community-based Prune and Search(MCPS) Algorithm frame is proposed which is based on Louvain algorithm and logistic function. Due to the method of marginal increment, MPCS algorithm can compute profit spread more directly and accurately. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of MCPS algorithm.
Probes of the progenitors, engines and physics behind stellar collapse
Authors: Fryer Chris L.
Published: December 2021

Super-novas (SNs) are one of the most powerful explosions in the universe and astronomers have invoked the collapse of a stellar core down to a neutron star as a potential power source behind these cosmic blasts. The current paradigm behind core-collapse SN relies on convection in the region just above the newly formed neutron star. This engine was driven and confirmed by observations. We review this observational evidence, and the potential for further observational constraints in this paper.
An investigation of bin–bin correlation by the method of factorial correlator in high-energy heavy ion collisions
Authors: Bhattacharyya Swarnapratim , Neagu Alina Tania , Firu Elena
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a study of bin–bin correlation of the produced shower particles in the pseudo-rapidity space by the method of factorial correlator in [Formula: see text]O-AgBr and [Formula: see text]S-AgBr interactions at 4.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV/[Formula: see text]. The correlated moments are found to increase with decreasing bin–bin separation D, following a power law. Strong bin–bin correlation is exhibited by the experimental data. Experimental data also supports the validity of log normal approximation. Experimental analysis has been compared with the results obtained from the analysis of events simulated by UrQMD model.
Bi-directional photonic switch and optical data storage in a hybrid optomechanical system
Authors: Yadav Surabhi , Bhattacherjee Aranya B
Published: December 2021

We propose to achieve quantum optical nonreciprocity in a hybrid qubit-optomechanical solid-state system. A two-level system (qubit) is coupled to a mechanically compliant mirror (via the linear Jaynes–Cummings interaction) placed in the middle of a solid-state optical cavity. We show for the first time that the generated optical bistability exhibits a bi-directional photonic switch, making the device a suitable candidate for a duplex communication system. On further exploring the fluctuation dynamics of the system, we found that the proposed device breaks the symmetry between forward and backward propagating optical modes (optical nonreciprocity), which can be controlled by tuning the various system parameters, including the qubit, which emerges as a new handle. The device thus behaves like an optical isolator and hence can store optical data in the acoustic mode, which can be retrieved later.