bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of higher order diagrams on phase equilibrium calculations for small molecules using lattice cluster theory
Authors: Zimmermann Patrick , Walowski Christoph , Enders Sabine
Published: March 2018

The Lattice Cluster Theory (LCT) provides a powerful tool to predict thermodynamic properties of large molecules (e.g., polymers) of different molecular architectures. When the pure-component parameters of a certain compound have been derived by adjustment to experimental data and the number of atoms is held constant within the molecule so that only the architecture is changed, the LCT is capable of predicting the properties of isomers without further parameter adjustment just based on the incorporation of molecular architecture. Trying to predict the thermodynamic properties of smaller molecules, one might face some challenges, which are addressed in this contribution. After factoring out the mean field term of the partition function, the LCT poses an expression that involves corrections to the mean field depending on molecular architecture, resulting in the free energy formally being expressed as a double series expansion in lattice coordination number z and interaction energy ε̃. In the process of deriving all contributing sub-structures within a molecule, some parts have been neglected to this point due to the double series expansion being truncated after the order ε̃2z−2. We consider the neglected parts that are of the order z−3 and reformulate the expression for the free energy within the LCT to achieve a higher predictive capability of the theory when it comes to small isomers and compressible systems. The modified version was successfully applied for phase equilibrium calculations of binary mixtures composed of linear and branched alkanes.
Diabatic states, nonadiabatic coupling, and the counterpoise procedure for weakly interacting open-shell molecules
Authors: Karman Tijs , Besemer Matthieu , van der Avoird Ad , Groenenboom Gerrit C.
Published: March 2018

We study nonadiabatic coupling in systems of weakly interacting open-shell molecules which have nearly degenerate electronic states and hence significant nuclear derivative couplings. By comparison to numerically calculated nuclear derivatives of adiabatic electronic wave functions, we show that nonadiabatic couplings are represented accurately by diabatization using a recent multiple-property-based algorithm [T. Karman et al., J. Chem. Phys. 144, 121101 (2016)]. Accurate treatment of weakly interacting molecules furthermore requires counterpoise corrections for the basis-set superposition error. However, the generalization of the counterpoise procedure to open-shell systems is ambiguous. Various generalized counterpoise schemes that have been proposed previously are shown to be related through different choices for diabatization of the monomer wave functions. We compare these generalized counterpoise schemes and show that only two approaches accurately describe long-range interactions. In addition, we propose an approximate diabatization algorithm based on the asymptotic long-range interaction. This approach is appealingly simple to implement as it yields analytical expressions for the transformation to the diabatic representation. Finally, we investigate the effects of diabatizing intermolecular potentials on the nuclear dynamics by performing quantum scattering calculations for NO(X2Π)–H2. We show that cross sections for pure rotational transitions are insensitive to diabatization. For spin-orbit inelastic transitions, asymptotic diabatization and multiple-property-based diabatization are in qualitative agreement, but the quantitative differences may be observable experimentally.
Potential energy surface interpolation with neural networks for instanton rate calculations
Authors: Cooper April M. , Hallmen Philipp P. , Kästner Johannes
Published: March 2018

Artificial neural networks are used to fit a potential energy surface (PES). We demonstrate the benefits of using not only energies but also their first and second derivatives as training data for the neural network. This ensures smooth and accurate Hessian surfaces, which are required for rate constant calculations using instanton theory. Our aim was a local, accurate fit rather than a global PES because instanton theory requires information on the potential only in the close vicinity of the main tunneling path. Elongations along vibrational normal modes at the transition state are used as coordinates for the neural network. The method is applied to the hydrogen abstraction reaction from methanol, calculated on a coupled-cluster level of theory. The reaction is essential in astrochemistry to explain the deuteration of methanol in the interstellar medium.
General method for extracting the quantum efficiency of dispersive qubit readout in circuit QED
Authors: Bultink C. C. , Tarasinski B. , Haandbæk N. , Poletto S. , Haider N. , Michalak D. J. , Bruno A. , DiCarlo L.
Published: March 2018

We present and demonstrate a general three-step method for extracting the quantum efficiency of dispersive qubit readout in circuit QED. We use active depletion of post-measurement photons and optimal integration weight functions on two quadratures to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the non-steady-state homodyne measurement. We derive analytically and demonstrate experimentally that the method robustly extracts the quantum efficiency for arbitrary readout conditions in the linear regime. We use the proven method to optimally bias a Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier and to quantify different noise contributions in the readout amplification chain.
Infrared nanoscopy down to liquid helium temperatures
Authors: Lang Denny , Döring Jonathan , Nörenberg Tobias , Butykai Ádám , Kézsmárki István , Schneider Harald , Winnerl Stephan , Helm Manfred , Kehr Susanne C. , Eng Lukas M.
Published: March 2018

We introduce a scattering-type scanning near-field infrared microscope (s-SNIM) for the local scale near-field sample analysis and spectroscopy from room temperature down to liquid helium (LHe) temperature. The extension of s-SNIM down to T = 5 K is in particular crucial for low-temperature phase transitions, e.g., for the examination of superconductors, as well as low energy excitations. The low temperature (LT) s-SNIM performance is tested with CO2-IR excitation at T = 7 K using a bare Au reference and a structured Si/SiO2-sample. Furthermore, we quantify the impact of local laser heating under the s-SNIM tip apex by monitoring the light-induced ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition of the skyrmion-hosting multiferroic material GaV4S8 at Tc = 42 K. We apply LT s-SNIM to study the spectral response of GaV4S8 and its lateral domain structure in the ferroelectric phase by the mid-IR to THz free-electron laser-light source FELBE at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany. Notably, our s-SNIM is based on a non-contact atomic force microscope (AFM) and thus can be complemented in situ by various other AFM techniques, such as topography profiling, piezo-response force microscopy (PFM), and/or Kelvin-probe force microscopy (KPFM). The combination of these methods supports the comprehensive study of the mutual interplay in the topographic, electronic, and optical properties of surfaces from room temperature down to 5 K.
Predicting the heat of vaporization of iron at high temperatures using time-resolved laser-induced incandescence and Bayesian model selection
Authors: Sipkens Timothy A. , Hadwin Paul J. , Grauer Samuel J. , Daun Kyle J.
Published: March 2018

Competing theories have been proposed to account for how the latent heat of vaporization of liquid iron varies with temperature, but experimental confirmation remains elusive, particularly at high temperatures. We propose time-resolved laser-induced incandescence measurements on iron nanoparticles combined with Bayesian model plausibility, as a novel method for evaluating these relationships. Our approach scores the explanatory power of candidate models, accounting for parameter uncertainty, model complexity, measurement noise, and goodness-of-fit. The approach is first validated with simulated data and then applied to experimental data for iron nanoparticles in argon. Our results justify the use of Román's equation to account for the temperature dependence of the latent heat of vaporization of liquid iron.
Quantifying the effect of non-Larmor motion of electrons on the pressure tensor
Authors: Che H. , Schiff C. , Le G. , Dorelli J. C. , Giles B. L. , Moore T. E.
Published: March 2018

In space plasma, various effects of magnetic reconnection and turbulence cause the electron motion to significantly deviate from their Larmor orbits. Collectively these orbits affect the electron velocity distribution function and lead to the appearance of the “non-gyrotropic” elements in the pressure tensor. Quantification of this effect has important applications in space and laboratory plasma, one of which is tracing the electron diffusion region (EDR) of magnetic reconnection in space observations. Three different measures of agyrotropy of pressure tensor have previously been proposed, namely, A∅e, Dng, and Q. The multitude of contradictory measures has caused confusion within the community. We revisit the problem by considering the basic properties an agyrotropy measure should have. We show that A∅e, Dng, and Q are all defined based on the sum of the principle minors (i.e., the rotation invariant I2) of the pressure tensor. We discuss in detail the problems of I2-based measures and explain why they may produce ambiguous and biased results. We introduce a new measure AG constructed based on the determinant of the pressure tensor (i.e., the rotation invariant I3) which does not suffer from the problems of I2-based measures. We compare AG with other measures in 2- and 3-dimension particle-in-cell magnetic reconnection simulations and show that AG effectively trace the EDR of reconnection in both Harris and force-free current sheets. On the other hand, A∅e does not show prominent peaks in the EDR and part of the separatrix in the force-free reconnection simulations, demonstrating that A∅e does not measure all the non-gyrotropic effects in this case and is not suitable for studying magnetic reconnection in more general situations other than Harris sheet reconnection.
Slippage on a particle-laden liquid-gas interface in textured microchannels
Authors: Gaddam Anvesh , Agrawal Amit , Joshi Suhas S. , Thompson Mark C.
Published: March 2018

Despite numerous investigations in the literature on slip flows in textured microchannels, experimental results were seldom in agreement with the theory. It is conjectured that contamination of the liquid-gas interface by impurities might be one of the sources of this discrepancy. However, the effect of impurities on slippage at the liquid-gas interface is neither understood nor previously reported. To this end, this work presents numerical investigation on the flow past a liquid-gas interface embedded with solid particles in textured microchannels. Initially, we present numerical simulations past transverse ribs with cylindrical particles on the liquid-gas interface. A reduction in effective slip length (or slip loss) with respect to the particle-free interface as a function of gas fraction, constriction ratio, and particle position was quantified. A significant slip loss (∼20-80%) was induced, owing to acceleration-deceleration cycles experienced by the liquid advecting across the particle-laden liquid-gas interface. Even a small number of solid particles adsorbed on a liquid-gas interface were shown to reduce the effective slip length considerably. This renders a textured microchannel with the particle-laden interface to be ineffective as compared to a completely wetted textured microchannel under certain conditions. Furthermore, a flow past two bi-dimensional textures, viz. posts and holes, with their interfaces embedded with spherical particles was also simulated. Our results show that texture configurations with an unbounded liquid-gas interface can mitigate the detrimental effects of particles adsorbed at the interface. The results presented here will help guide in designing efficient textured surfaces in future.
The influence of environmental forcing on biodiversity and extinction in a resource competition model
Authors: Vakulenko Sergey A. , Sudakov Ivan , Mander Luke
Published: March 2018

In this paper, we study a model of many species that compete, directly or indirectly, for a pool of common resources under the influence of periodic, stochastic, and/or chaotic environmental forcing. Using numerical simulations, we find the number and sequence of species going extinct when the community is initially packed with a large number of species of random initial densities. Thereby, any species with a density below a given threshold is regarded to be extinct.
Transport of the moving barrier driven by chiral active particles
Authors: Liao Jing-jing , Huang Xiao-qun , Ai Bao-quan
Published: March 2018

Transport of a moving V-shaped barrier exposed to a bath of chiral active particles is investigated in a two-dimensional channel. Due to the chirality of active particles and the transversal asymmetry of the barrier position, active particles can power and steer the directed transport of the barrier in the longitudinal direction. The transport of the barrier is determined by the chirality of active particles. The moving barrier and active particles move in the opposite directions. The average velocity of the barrier is much larger than that of active particles. There exist optimal parameters (the chirality, the self-propulsion speed, the packing fraction, and the channel width) at which the average velocity of the barrier takes its maximal value. In particular, tailoring the geometry of the barrier and the active concentration provides novel strategies to control the transport properties of micro-objects or cargoes in an active medium.
An infrared spectroscopic study on proton transfer from CH bonds in ionized dimers of cyclic ethers
Authors: Xie Min , Matsuda Yoshiyuki , Fujii Asuka
Published: March 2018

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy of neutral and cationic dimers of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and tetrahydropyran (THP) is carried out to investigate isomerization reactions of these dimers following ionization. In the neutral state, both the THF and THP dimers tend to form the stacking structures bound essentially by dispersion. After ionization, both of these dimer cations form the proton transferred structures, in which the proton of the CαH bond is intermolecularly transferred and shared between the oxygen atoms. Along with the pseudorotation of the five-member ring, the barrierless proton transfer from CH occurs in the ionized THF dimer, and the dimer finally forms the proton transferred structure. In the case of the THP dimer cation, the barrierless intracluster proton transfer occurs with the conformational change of the proton donor site because the acidic CH site of the THP cation strongly depends on its conformation. These isomerization processes involving proton transfer from CH are discussed based on IR spectroscopy and theoretical reaction path searches.
Development of an electron momentum spectrometer for time-resolved experiments employing nanosecond pulsed electron beam
Authors: Tang Yaguo , Shan Xu , Liu Zhaohui , Niu Shanshan , Wang Enliang , Chen Xiangjun
Published: March 2018

The low count rate of (e, 2e) electron momentum spectroscopy (EMS) has long been a major limitation of its application to the investigation of molecular dynamics. Here we report a new EMS apparatus developed for time-resolved experiments in the nanosecond time scale, in which a double toroidal energy analyzer is utilized to improve the sensitivity of the spectrometer and a nanosecond pulsed electron gun with a repetition rate of 10 kHz is used to obtain an average beam current up to nA. Meanwhile, a picosecond ultraviolet laser with a repetition rate of 5 kHz is introduced to pump the sample target. The time zero is determined by photoionizing the target using a pump laser and monitoring the change of the electron beam current with time delay between the laser pulse and electron pulse, which is influenced by the plasma induced by the photoionization. The performance of the spectrometer is demonstrated by the EMS measurement on argon using a pulsed electron beam, illustrating the potential abilities of the apparatus for investigating the molecular dynamics in excited states when employing the pump-probe scheme.
Koopmans’ theorem in the Hartree-Fock method. General formulation
Authors: Plakhutin Boris N.
Published: March 2018

This work presents a general formulation of Koopmans’ theorem (KT) in the Hartree-Fock (HF) method which is applicable to molecular and atomic systems with arbitrary orbital occupancies and total electronic spin including orbitally degenerate (OD) systems. The new formulation is based on the full set of variational conditions imposed upon the HF orbitals by the variational principle for the total energy and the conditions imposed by KT on the orbitals of an ionized electronic shell [B. N. Plakhutin and E. R. Davidson, J. Chem. Phys. 140, 014102 (2014)]. Based on these conditions, a general form of the restricted open-shell HF method is developed, whose eigenvalues (orbital energies) obey KT for the whole energy spectrum. Particular attention is paid to the treatment of OD systems, for which the new method gives a number of unexpected results. For example, the present method gives four different orbital energies for the triply degenerate atomic level 2p in the second row atoms B to F. Based on both KT conditions and a parallel treatment of atoms B to F within a limited configuration interaction approach, we prove that these four orbital energies, each of which is triply degenerate, are related via KT to the energies of different spin-dependent ionization and electron attachment processes (2p)N → (2p)N±1. A discussion is also presented of specific limitations of the validity of KT in the HF method which arise in OD systems. The practical applicability of the theory is verified by comparing KT estimates of the ionization potentials I2s and I2p for the second row open-shell atoms Li to F with the relevant experimental data.
Stressor-layer-induced elastic strain sharing in SrTiO3 complex oxide sheets
Authors: Tilka J. A. , Park J. , Ahn Y. , Pateras A. , Cai Z. , Evans P. G.
Published: March 2018

A precisely selected elastic strain can be introduced in submicron-thick single-crystal SrTiO3 sheets using a silicon nitride stressor layer. A conformal stressor layer deposited using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition produces an elastic strain in the sheet consistent with the magnitude of the nitride residual stress. Synchrotron x-ray nanodiffraction reveals that the strain introduced in the SrTiO3 sheets is on the order of 10−4, matching the predictions of an elastic model. This approach to elastic strain sharing in complex oxides allows the strain to be selected within a wide and continuous range of values, an effect not achievable in heteroepitaxy on rigid substrates.
Effects of exciton-plasmon strong coupling on third harmonic generation by two-dimensional WS2 at periodic plasmonic interfaces
Authors: Sukharev Maxim , Pachter Ruth
Published: March 2018

We study theoretically the optical response of a WS2 monolayer located near periodic metal nanostructured arrays in two and three dimensions. The emphasis of the simulations is on the strong coupling between excitons supported by WS2 and surface plasmon-polaritons supported by various periodic plasmonic interfaces. It is demonstrated that a monolayer of WS2 placed in close proximity of periodic arrays of either slits or holes results in a Rabi splitting of the corresponding surface plasmon-polariton resonance as revealed in calculated transmission and reflection spectra. The nonlinear regime, at which the few-layer WS2 exhibits experimentally third harmonic generation (THG), is studied in detail. Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) do not exhibit THG because they are non-centrosymmetric, but here we use the monolayer as an approximation to a thin TMD nanostructure. We show that in the strong coupling regime the third harmonic signal is significantly affected by plasmon-polaritons and the symmetry of hybrid exciton-plasmon modes. It is also shown that the local electromagnetic field induced by plasmons is the major contributor to the enhancement of the third harmonic signal in three dimensions. The local electromagnetic fields resulting from the third harmonic generation are greatly localized and highly sensitive to the environment, thus making it a great tool for nano-probes.
Ion species stratification within strong shocks in two-ion plasmas
Authors: Keenan Brett D. , Simakov Andrei N. , Taitano William T. , Chacón Luis
Published: March 2018

Strong collisional shocks in multi-ion plasmas are featured in many environments, with Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) experiments being one prominent example. Recent work [Keenan et al., Phys. Rev. E 96, 053203 (2017)] answered in detail a number of outstanding questions concerning the kinetic structure of steady-state, planar plasma shocks, e.g., the shock width scaling by the Mach number, M. However, it did not discuss shock-driven ion-species stratification (e.g., relative concentration modification and temperature separation). These are important effects since many recent ICF experiments have evaded explanation by standard, single-fluid, radiation-hydrodynamic (rad-hydro) numerical simulations, and shock-driven fuel stratification likely contributes to this discrepancy. Employing the state-of-the-art Vlasov-Fokker-Planck code, iFP, along with multi-ion hydro simulations and semi-analytics, we quantify the ion stratification by planar shocks with the arbitrary Mach number and the relative species concentration for two-ion plasmas in terms of ion mass and charge ratios. In particular, for strong shocks, we find that the structure of the ion temperature separation has a nearly universal character across ion mass and charge ratios. Additionally, we find that the shock fronts are enriched with the lighter ion species and the enrichment scales as M4 for M ≫ 1.
Impact of centrifugal drifts on ion turbulent transport
Authors: Belli E. A. , Candy J.
Published: March 2018

The influence of sonic toroidal rotation on gyrokinetic stability and transport is studied, with important implications for heavy impurity dynamics. When centrifugal drifts and electrostatic trapping corrections are included, significant modifications to the calculated transport of heavy impurities are observed. These high-rotation corrections add to the standard Coriolis drift and toroidal rotation shear drive which are normally included in gyrokinetics. Yet, because of their complexity, centrifugal and electrostatic trapping terms (quadratic in the main ion Mach number) are not generally included in gyrokinetic codes. In this work, we explore the implications of using reduced descriptions of the rotational physics. For heavy impurities such as tungsten, cross terms due to the centrifugal force can dominate the rotation dynamics, and neglecting them is shown to lead to large errors in the impurity particle flux.
Electromagnetic banana kinetic equation and its applications in tokamaks
Authors: Shaing K. C. , Chu M. S. , Sabbagh S. A. , Seol J.
Published: March 2018

A banana kinetic equation in tokamaks that includes effects of the finite banana width is derived for the electromagnetic waves with frequencies lower than the gyro-frequency and the bounce frequency of the trapped particles. The radial wavelengths are assumed to be either comparable to or shorter than the banana width, but much wider than the gyro-radius. One of the consequences of the banana kinetics is that the parallel component of the vector potential is not annihilated by the orbit averaging process and appears in the banana kinetic equation. The equation is solved to calculate the neoclassical quasilinear transport fluxes in the superbanana plateau regime caused by electromagnetic waves. The transport fluxes can be used to model electromagnetic wave and the chaotic magnetic field induced thermal particle or energetic alpha particle losses in tokamaks. It is shown that the parallel component of the vector potential enhances losses when it is the sole transport mechanism. In particular, the fact that the drift resonance can cause significant transport losses in the chaotic magnetic field in the hitherto unknown low collisionality regimes is emphasized.
Study of nanofluid forced convection heat transfer in a bent channel by means of lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Ma Yuan , Mohebbi Rasul , Rashidi M. M. , Yang Zhigang
Published: March 2018

In this paper, the laminar forced convection heat transfer of nanofluid through a bent channel was numerically investigated. The lattice Boltzmann method was used for solving the governing equations in the domain. The effect of different parameters such as Reynolds number (50 ≤ Re ≤ 150), vertical passage ratio (2.0 ≤ M ≤ 4.0), and nanoparticle solid volume fractions (Φ = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) are analyzed in terms of streamlines, isotherms, and local Nusselt numbers. It was concluded from this study that the local and average Nusselt number increased with increasing nanoparticle volume fraction regardless of Re and M. Moreover, the effect of the nanofluid concentration on the increment of heat transfer was more remarkable at higher values of the Reynolds number. Simulations show that by increasing the Reynolds number or decreasing the vertical passage ratio, the local and average Nusselt number increases.
A low temperature co-fired ceramic power inductor manufactured using a glass-free ternary composite material system
Authors: Li Yuanxun , Xie Yunsong , Xie Ru , Chen Daming , Han Likun , Su Hua
Published: March 2018

A glass-free ternary composite material system (CMS) manufactured employing the low temperature (890 °C) co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technique is reported. This ternary CMS consists of silver, NiCuZn ferrite, and Zn2SiO4 ceramic. The reported device fabricated from this ternary CMS is a power inductor with a nominal inductance of 1.0 μH. Three major highlights were achieved from the device and the material study. First, unlike most other LTCC methods, no glass is required to be added in either of the dielectric materials in order to co-fire the NiCuZn ferrite, Zn2SiO4 ceramic, and silver. Second, a successfully co-fired silver, NiCuZn, and Zn2SiO4 device can be achieved by optimizing the thermal shrinkage properties of both NiCuZn and Zn2SiO4, so that they have a very similar temperature shrinkage profile. We have also found that strong non-magnetic elemental diffusion occurs during the densification process, which further enhances the success rate of manufacturing co-fired devices. Last but not least, elemental mapping suggests that strong magnetic elemental diffusion between NiCuZn and Zn2SiO4 has been suppressed during the co-firing process. The investigation of electrical performance illustrates that while the ordinary binary CMS based power inductor can deal with 400 mA DC, the ternary CMS based power inductor is able to handle higher DC currents, 700 mA and 620 mA DC, according to both simulation and experiment demonstrations, respectively.
Asteroseismology reveals the structure of a white dwarf
Authors: Smart Ashley G.
Published: March 2018

The star’s core, the remnant of a helium-fueled inferno, is surprisingly rich in oxygen.
Supercooled water goes supercritical
Authors: Miller Johanna L.
Published: March 2018

X-ray scattering experiments point the way to water’s elusive second critical point.
Japan tests the waters for hosting International Linear Collider
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: March 2018

Bid now or bust: The high-energy physics community is gearing up to plan its future facilities.
Gender matters
Authors: Blue Jennifer , Traxler Adrienne L. , Cid Ximena C.
Published: March 2018

Evidence shows that patterns of inequity in physics drive talented women out of the field. Here’s what physicists can do to overcome them.
MAPK signaling couples SCF-mediated degradation of translational regulators to oocyte meiotic progression
Authors: Kisielnicka Edyta , Minasaki Ryuji , Eckmann Christian R.
Published: March 2018

Significance

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key regulators of gene expression. Notably, germ cells deploy many distinct RBPs to guide their differentiation into haploid gametes. While the RNA-regulatory functions of RBPs are emerging, mechanisms controlling their activities and abundance are poorly understood. Due to its highly refined spatial organization, the gonad ofCaenorhabditis elegansis an excellent model system to study temporal controls of RBP abundance. We used it to uncover a kinase-mediated protein-turnover axis that is built of evolutionarily conserved components, arranged in a unique manner, to couple RBP-target mRNA de-repression with RBP elimination at pachytene exit, a critical stage in early meiosis. This work reveals how meiotic cell cycle progression is coupled to tissue-specific differentiation events via signaling-induced RBP turnover.
Effects of whey protein in carbohydrate‐electrolyte drinks on post‐exercise rehydration
Authors: Li Liang , Sun Feng‐Hua , Huang Wendy Ya‐Jun , Wong Stephen Heung‐Sang
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different amounts of whey protein in carbohydrate–electrolyte (CE) drinks on post‐exercise rehydration. Ten males completed 5 trials in a randomised cross‐over design. A 4‐h recovery was applied after a 60‐min run at 65% VO2peak in each trial. During recovery, the participants ingested a high‐carbohydrate CE drink (CE‐H), a low‐carbohydrate CE drink (CE‐L), a high‐whey‐protein (33 g·L−1) CE drink (CW‐H), a medium‐whey‐protein (22 g·L−1) CE drink (CW‐M) or a low‐whey‐protein (15 g·L−1) CE drink (CW‐L) in a volume equivalent to 150% of their body mass (BM) loss. The drinks were provided in six equal boluses and consumed by the participants within 150 min in each trial. After exercise, a BM loss of 2.15% ± 0.05% was achieved. Urine production was less in the CW‐M and CW‐H trials during recovery, which induced a greater fluid retention in the CW‐M (51.0% ± 5.7%) and CW‐H (55.4% ± 3.8%) trials than in any other trial (p < .05). The plasma albumin content was higher in the CW‐H trial than in the CE‐H and CE‐L trials at 2 h (p < .05) and 3 h (p < .01) during recovery. The aldosterone concentration was lower in the CE‐H trial than in the CW‐M and CW‐H trials after recovery (p < .05). It is concluded that the rehydration was improved when whey protein was co‐ingested with CE drinks during a 4‐h recovery after a 60‐min run. However, this additive effect was only observed when whey protein concentration was at least 22 g·L−1 in the current study.
Emerging second language writing identity and complex dynamic writing
Authors: Tu I-Ju
Published: March 2018

Complex Dynamic Systems theory (CDS) has been widely used in the field of second-language acquisition (SLA). While adopting CDS to investigate second language writing (L2W) research, second language writing identity (L2WID) is little address in CDS. This study emerges the notions of CDS and L2WID, and reconceptualizes as an inclusive framework for future studies. The notion of L2 Complex dynamic writing is refined and it consists of writers’ heterogeneities, acts of agency, and attractors among systems. The studies of L2WID are reviewed and categorized in sociopsychological, sociocultural, and sociolinguistic perspectives. Emerging the features of L2 complex dynamic writing and L2WID provides a framework to fill in the gap between L2 writing performance and writers’ identities. This study contributes to three aspects. This study tailors the connection of L2 writing process and L2WID and offers an inclusive framework for those who are situated in L2 writing formal (classroom) or informal (social media) discourses to examine the power relations among L2 writing texts, selves, and relationships in their writing discourses. Ultimately, this framework fundamentally theorizes the nonlinear features of L2 complex dynamic writing with consideration of L2WID.
International comparison of activity measurements of a solution of 238Pu
Authors: Ratel G , Michotte C
Published: March 2018

This report concerns an international comparison of measurements of a solution of 238Pu that was carried out by 12 participants in 2001. The report includes the degrees of equivalence.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Quality improvement of laminated board made from oil palm trunk at various outer layer using phenol formaldehyde adhesive
Authors: Hartono R , Sucipto T
Published: March 2018

Characteristic of laminated board from oil palm trunk (OPT) is very low in quality. The effort to improved it’s quality done by using the outer layer from high density wood. The purpose of this experiment was to analyzed the effects of the outer layer on physical and mechanical properties of OPT and to obtain optimum treatment to fulfills JAS 234:2003. All of laminated board was made of 3 layers, and for the middle layer was made by densified-OPT. Then for the outer layer was made of sengon and meranti wood. The sample size was 5 cm (width) × 3 cm (thick) × 45 cm (length). The various outer layer of laminated board were A (OPT/densified OPT/OPT); B (Sengon/densified OPT/OPT); C (Sengon/densified OPT/sengon); D (Meranti/densified OPT/OPT) and E (Meranti/densified OPT/meranti). The results showed that the moisture content, density, thickness swelling, delamination, MOR and MOE were 6.10-8.48%; 0.40-0.63 g/cm3; 6.43-13.20%; 0%; 168.79-438.29 kg/cm2 and 30115-100454 kg/cm2, respectively. The moisture content and delamination fulfills JAS 234:2003, while density and thickness swelling did not fulfill standard. Whereas for MOR and MOE value, only type D and E that fulfill standard. There are strongth relationship between density and mechanical properties, such as MOR and MOE value. The optimum treatment in this reseach to made laminated board made from OPT was type D that using the meranti as outer layer.
Interest rate changes, mortgages, and consumption: evidence from Italy
Authors: Jappelli Tullio , Scognamiglio Annalisa
Published: March 2018

Using the Italian Survey of Household Income and Wealth, we study whether the drop in interest rates following the Great Recession was associated with an increase in consumption for households with Adjustable Rate Mortgages (ARM) relative to those with Fixed Rate Mortgages (FRM). After the reduction in mortgage payments, consumption of ARM holders increases relative to FRM but the implied marginal propensity to consume is not statistically different from zero. We suggest three explanations for the weak consumption response to the income shock. First, cash-on-hand and debt heterogeneity may attenuate the consumption response. Second, borrowers believe that the income shock was short-lasting, and that interest rates would likely increase in the future, implying a small effect on consumption. Third, the shock is offset partly by a reduction in income from financial assets owned by mortgagors. The findings have implications for the conduct of monetary policy interventions and the credibility of the future path of interest rates, pass-through of monetary policy, and design of the mortgage market.
A304 FOOD ANTIGEN-STRESS INTERACTION INCREASES PERIPHERAL PAIN SIGNALING IN A MOUSE MODEL OF IBS
Authors: Lopez Lopez C D , Polanco J O Jaramillo , Vanner S , Reed D E
Published: March 2018

Background

Food and stress are common triggers of symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, it is unknown whether a specific food antigen alone can induce symptoms such as abdominal pain or if a second trigger, such as stress, is required for a food antigen to increase pain signaling.

Aims

To determine if a food antigen (ovalbumin) can induce hyperexcitabiity in nociceptive neurons alone and/or in combination with stress.

Methods

Mice were exposed to water avoidance stress (WAS; 1 hr for 6 days). On day 2, mice were gavaged ovalbumin (20mg) daily after completing WAS (WAS/OVA). These were compared to 3 groups: no WAS and no ovalbumin (control); WAS but no ovalbumin (WAS); and ovalbumin (OVA) alone. On day 8, WAS, OVA and WAS/OVA mice were given ovalbumin (50 μg) subcutaneously; 3 hours later euthanized. Colons were removed and incubated with ovalbumin (100 μg/ml) for 4 hrs. Supernatants were collected and DRG neurons from control mice were incubated overnight with supernatants from each of the four groups. Changes in neuronal excitability were examined by measuring the rheobase (minimal current to evoke an action potential) using perforated patch clamp recording techniques. Stress effects on intestinal permeability in the ileum and colon were assessed in Ussing chambers. One way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test or unpaired t test were used to analyze the data.

Results

Incubation with supernatants obtained from WAS/OVA mice evoked hyperexcitability in DRG neurons compared to incubation with control supernatant (rheobase: control = 82 ± 10 pA vs WAS/OVA = 56 ± 4 pA, p < 0.05). Similarly, WAS/OVA supernatant decreased the rheobase compared to both OVA mice (OVA = 80 ± 8 pA, p<0.05) and WAS mice (WAS = 81 ± 9 pA, p<0.05). The effect of supernatants from OVA mice and WAS mice did not differ from controls. In a separate series of experiments, the PAR2 antagonist GB83 inhibited the effect of WAS/OVA supernatant (p < 0.01). There was no effect of GB83 on WAS or OVA supernatants. Stress decreased tissue resistance in ileum (p<0.05) but not in colon.

Conclusions

The food antigen ovalbumin induced hyperexcitability in DRG nociceptive neurons only when combined with stress. This action was PAR2 dependent suggesting a role of tissue proteases. Stress may cause a loss of oral tolerance to ovalbumin by increasing mucosal permeability in the small intestine. The interaction of food antigens and stress may be a mechanism of meal induced increase in abdominal pain in IBS.

Funding Agencies

CIHR
A75 ROLE OF LRRK2 IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Authors: Rocha J , Sun C , Glogauer M , Philpott D
Published: March 2018

Background

Variants of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are associated with an increased susceptibility to Parkinson disease but also Crohn’s disease (CD).

Aims

The present research is designed to develop a comprehensive understanding of the role of LRRK2 in immune system modulation, and how dysfunction of this pathway may lead to the development of CD.

Methods

WT and LRRK2-deficient neutrophil were infected with Gram-positive Bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes-LM) in a gentamicin protection assays and colony-forming unit assessment will determine the competence of LRRK2 deficient cells for bacterial phagocytosis as well as killing capacity). To examine how LRRK2 is involved in the generation of ROS during the respiratory burst, we will first examine if neutrophil from LRRK2-KO mice have altered ROS generation upon infection with LM and addition of PMA. We evaluate in vitro the ability of neutrophils from LRRK2-KO versus WT mice to transmigrate in vitro in a transwell assay using fMLP as a chemattractant. Also, we investigate the peritoneal cells (by FACS analysis) after injection of different microbial stimuli including FK105 (NOD1 ligand), MDP (NOD2 ligand) and LPS (TLR4 ligand) and anti-cd3 model of ielitis.

Results

We found that LRRK2 KO mice have a defect in migration of neutrophils to the peritoneal cavity after injection of different microbial stimuli including FK10565 (NOD1 ligand), MDP (NOD2 ligand) and LPS (TLR4 ligand). Neutrophils from LRRK2 mice were compromised in their ability to transmigrate in vitro in a transwell assay using fMLP as a chemoattractant. Chemotaxis was also compromised. In parallel, we designed experiments to examine reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in response to infection of myeloid cells with bacteria. Neutrophils from LRRK2 KO mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes were less able to restrict bacteria growth compared to WT cells. Consistent with these findings, cells from LRRK2 KO mice produced lower levels of ROS following bacterial infection. In order to determine whether myeloid cell migration is compromised in vivo during inflammation, we performed experiments in WT and KO mice looking at different models of ileitis/colitis.

Conclusions

With this work we will further characterize the role of LRRK2 in intestinal homeostasis and mucosal barrier maintenance, including how its deficiency may predispose an individual to developing CD.

Funding Agencies

CAG, CIHR
Identifying Educational Needs and Practice Gaps of European Hematologists and Hematology Nurses in the Treatment and Management of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Murray Suzanne , Mohty Mohamad , Peloquin Sophie , Van de Donk Niels W. , Leitão Sara , Labbé Sara , West Sharon , Hofstädter‐Thalmann Eva , Sonneveld Pieter
Published: March 2018

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text
A Prospective Study on Cognitive Impairment in Middle-aged Adults With Newly Diagnosed Celiac Disease
Authors: Longarini Gabriela , Richly Pablo , Temprano M. de la Paz , Costa Ana F. , Vázquez Horacio , Moreno María L. , Niveloni Sonia , López Pablo , Smecuol Edgardo , Mazure Roberto , González Andrea , Mauriño Eduardo , Bai Julio C.
Published: March 2018

Aims:

Our objectives were to: (1) determine whether celiac disease (CD) patients have cognitive impairment at diagnosis; and (2) compare their cognitive performance with nonceliac subjects who have similar chronic symptoms and healthy controls.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty adults (age range: 18 to 50 y) with symptoms and signs compatible with CD were enrolled in a prospective cohort irrespective of the final diagnosis. At baseline, all individuals underwent cognitive functional and psychological evaluation. CD patients were compared with subjects in whom CD was ruled out and with healthy controls matched by sex, age, and years of schooling.

Results:

Thirty-three subjects (66%) were diagnosed with CD. Compared with the healthy controls (n=26), CD cases and disease controls (n=17; mostly irritable bowel syndrome) had impaired cognitive performance (P=0.02 and P=0.04, respectively), functional impairment (P<0.01), and higher depression (P<0.01). CD patients had similar cognitive performance and anxiety, but nonsignificant lower depression scores compared with disease controls.

Conclusions:

Abnormal cognitive functions detected in newly diagnosed CD adult patients seem not to be disease specific. Our results suggest that cognitive dysfunction could be related to the presence of prolonged symptoms due to a chronic disease.
International Nursing: Nurse Managers' Leadership and Management Competencies Assessed by Nursing Personnel in a Finnish Hospital
Authors: Lehtonen Mia-Riitta , Roos Mervi , Kantanen Kati , Suominen Tarja
Published: March 2018

The aim of this research was to describe nurse managers' leadership and management competencies (NMLMC) from the perspective of nursing personnel. Nurse managers are responsible for the management of the largest professional group in social and health care. The assessment of NMLMC is needed because of their powerful influence on organizational effectiveness. An electronic survey was conducted among the nursing personnel (n = 166) of 1 Finnish hospital in spring 2016. Nursing personnel assessed their manager using a NMLMC scale consisting of general and special competences. The data were statistically analyzed. Leadership and management competencies were assessed as being quite good by the nursing personnel. The best-assessed area of general competence was professional competence and credibility and the weakest was service initiation and innovation. The best-assessed area of special competence was substance knowledge and the weakest was research and development. The nursing personnel's assessment of their nurse manger's competencies was associated with the personnel's education level, working experience, and with their knowledge of the manager's education. Conclusion was made that nursing personnel highly value professional competence as part of nursing leadership and management. To achieve more appreciation, nurse managers have to demonstrate their education and competence. They must also work in more open and versatile ways with their nursing personnel.
Perforating Brain Injury By a Rusty Steel Bar
Authors: Pandey Sajan , Li Lei , Cui Da Ming , Wang Ke , Gao Liang
Published: March 2018

A perforating head injury is a type of an injury wherein the projectile passes entirely through the cranium leaving both entrance and exit wounds. It is considered less prevalent than other kinds of head trauma such as closed or penetrating head injuries carry a worse prognosis among other varieties of head injuries. Having unique mechanism and pathophysiology it is considered a significant challenge for the practicing neurosurgeon mandating high precaution and novel approach to minimize further damage. Here, we presented a case of a 5-year-old boy who suffered from perforating brain injury by a fallen rusty steel bar.
The Specific Morphological Features of Alveolar Bone
Authors: Zhou Siru , Yang Yiling , Ha Nayoung , Zhang Peng , Ma Xuhui , Gong Xinyi , Hong Yueyang , Yang Xiao , Yang Shuliang , Dai Qinggang , Jiang Lingyong
Published: March 2018

Objective:

The aim of the study was to study the specific morphological features of alveolar bone and compare it to femoral bone in rats.

Methods:

Twelve 3-month-old nonpregnant female Sprague–Dawley rats were used in the present study. The left maxillae and femurs of 6 rats were used for micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning. The trabecular bone of the distal femur and the interradicular alveolar bone of the maxillary first molar were reconstructed and analyzed. Another 6 rats were used for histological analysis of trabecular bone and alveolar bone.

Results:

Micro-CT analysis suggested that the femoral trabecular bone was porous with rod-like trabeculae with a scattered distribution in bone marrow, whereas alveolar bone showed a compact structure with plate-like trabeculae and limited bone marrow. Tissue mineral density, bone mineral density, bone volume fraction, and trabecular thickness were dramatically higher in the alveolar bone compared with that in the trabecular bone. Alveolar bone displayed lower trabecular number and trabecular separation. Histomorphometric analysis showed that alveolar bone was formed of compact bone with wide trabeculae, whereas femurs were composed of loose bone with finer trabeculae.

Conclusions:

In comparison to the spongiosa of the distal femur, alveolar bone displays specific morphological features with compact, wide, and highly mineralized trabeculae.
Reconstruction of Thin and Pliable Oral Mucosa After Wide Excision of Oral Cancer Using a Trimmed Anterolateral Thigh Free Flap as an Adipofascial Flap
Authors: Kim Dong-Young , Alfadil Lina Omar , Ahn Kang-Min , Lee Jee-Ho
Published: March 2018

A 21-year-old female patient underwent wide excision of the buccal mucosa and tongue as well as selective neck dissection due to squamous cell carcinoma on the left side of the tongue. She had a severe limitation in opening her mouth, owing to fibrosis of the mucosa and scar contracture after adjuvant radiation therapy. Reconstruction of the oral mucosa and tongue defect was performed after removal of the scar to improve mouth opening. An anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap was used, trimmed to an adipofascial flap for the reconstruction of the thin and pliable oral mucosa and tongue. The maximum mouth opening improved to 40 mm intraoperatively and was 30 mm after surgery. The adipofascial ALT flap had excellent viability and presented neomucosa after secondary healing. An adipofascial flap obtained by trimming an ALT flap could be a reliable option for the reconstruction of thin and pliable oral mucosa after wide excision of oral cancer.