bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exact Gravity Duals for Simple Quantum Circuits
Authors: Erdmenger Johanna , Flory Mario , Gerbershagen Marius , Heller Michal P. , Weigel Anna-Lena
Published: September 2022

Holographic complexity proposals have sparked interest in quantifying the cost of state preparation in quantum field theories and its possible dual gravitational manifestations. The most basic ingredient in defining complexity is the notion of a class of circuits that, when acting on a given reference state, all produce a desired target state. In the present work we build on studies of circuits performing local conformal transformations in general two-dimensional conformal field theories and construct the exact gravity dual to such circuits. In our approach to holographic complexity, the gravity dual to the optimal circuit is the one that minimizes an externally chosen cost assigned to each circuit. Our results provide a basis for studying exact gravity duals to circuit costs from first principles.
Efficient ab initio many-body calculations based on sparse modeling of Matsubara Green's function
Authors: Shinaoka Hiroshi , Chikano Naoya , Gull Emanuel , Li Jia , Nomoto Takuya , Otsuki Junya , Wallerberger Markus , Wang Tianchun , Yoshimi Kazuyoshi
Published: September 2022

This lecture note reviews recently proposed sparse-modeling approaches for efficient ab initio many-body calculations based on the data compression of Green's functions.
The sparse-modeling techniques are based on a compact orthogonal basis, an intermediate representation (IR) basis, for imaginary-time and Matsubara Green's functions.
A sparse sampling method based on the IR basis enables solving diagrammatic equations efficiently.
We describe the basic properties of the IR basis, the sparse sampling method and its applications to ab initio calculations based on the GW approximation and the Migdal--Eliashberg theory.
We also describe a numerical library for the IR basis and the sparse sampling method, sparse-ir, and provide its sample codes.
This lecture note follows the Japanese review article [H. Shinaoka et al., Solid State Physics 56(6), 301 (2021)].
Mitral valve prolapse: do we correctly understand the problem in a particular child?
Authors: Grigoriev K. I. , Kharitonova L. A. , Solovieva A. L.
Published: September 2022

The lecture is devoted to the role of mitral valve prolapse in children and adolescents, in the population and in the formation of health. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of its formation, the evolution of the mitral valve prolapse criteria. The reasons for its overdiagnosis,risk factors, as well asthe high frequency of complications are explained. The interrelation of this pathology with connective tissue dysplasias and the inappropriateness of classifying the defect as a group of minor heart anomalies are emphasized. Primary mitral valve prolapse is an independent disease. There is no proven basis to consider it a marker or «affiliation” of systemic connective tissue dysfunction. An algorithm of modern treatment and prevention of mitral valve prolapse for modern pediatric practice is presented.
Hormonal status and cardiorespiratory adaptation of late premature newborns in the early neonatal period
Authors: Kubyshkina A. V. , Logvinova I. I.
Published: September 2022

The growth of late preterm labor in recent years and the increased frequency of neonatal complications in 34–36-week gestation newborns explain the interest of researchers in the problem of late prematurity. The loss of the last weeks of pregnancy by late prematurity interruptsthe formation of hierarchical connections between regulatory links and target organs, but the questionsremain open, how significant is the effect of late prematurity on the hormonal status of the newborn and what are the immediate and long-term consequences of hormonal disorders that occurred in the early neonatal period.

Purpose. This study analyzes the effect of hormonal status on cardio-respiratory adaptation of late premature newborns in the early neonatal period.

Materials and methods. The study included 105 newborns with a gestation period of 34–36 weeks. A comprehensive assessment of the early adaptation period was carried out, the levels of TSH, T3, T4 total, T4 free, cortisol were determined. Blood sampling was carried out immediately after birth from the umbilical cord vein and on the 4th day after birth from the subcutaneous veins. The concentration of hormones was determined by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay using standard sets (Alkor Bio, Russia).

Results. The  results of  the work established a relationship between the thyroostatic state, cortisol concentration and the course of cardio-respiratory adaptation in late premature newborns. Newborns in need of respiratory and cardiotonic therapy had reduced concentrations of T3, T4 free and cord blood cortisol. On the 4th day of life, newborns in  need of  respiratory therapy showed a decrease in free T4 and an increase in cortisol, children receiving cardiotonic support had a reduced concentration of free T4.

Conclusion. Hormonal maladaptation can be considered as an additional factor in the pathogenesis of respiratory disorders in late premature newborns along with a reduced gas exchange area in the lungs, immaturity of sodium pumpsin alveolocytes and surfactant deficiency.
Predictive value of the clinical scale for assessment of premature newborns during pre-transport preparation of newborns
Authors: Kovtun O. P. , Davidova N. S. , Mukhametshin R. F.
Published: September 2022

Purpose. This study is aimed at determining the predictive value of  the clinical assessment scale for premature newborns during pre-transport preparation in relation to the outcomes of treatment of newborns.

Materials and methods. The cohort study included data from 604 visits of the neonatal transport team to the newborn children hospitalized in the medical centers of the Sverdlovsk region from August 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018. Median birth weight [IQR] 2515 [1600; 3275] grams, median gestational age [IQR] 36 [32; 38] weeks. Primary medical documentation was used for scale assessment. Descriptive statistics tools: median and interquartile range, fraction, 95% CI for the proportion, error of the proportion, calculation of the area under the ROC curve, calculation of sensitivity, specificity, cut-off level, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). The correlation analysis of quantitative data with an abnormal distribution is performed by Spearman’s test.

Results. The  scale demonstrated a high predictive value for lethal outcome (AUC  =  0.803 (0.734–0.872)), 7-day mortality (AUC  =  0.821 (0.743–0.899)), late neonatal sepsis (AUC  =  0.763 (0.697–0.830)), severe intraventricular hemorrhage (AUC = 0.784 (0.729–0.838)), and occlusive hydrocephalus (AUC = 0.802 (0.725–0.878)) in the total sample of newborns (fullterm and premature). The negative predictive value significantly prevails over the positive predictive value. Weak correlations were found between the score and the duration of intensive care (r = 0.305, p < 0.0001), duration of ventilation (r = 0.221, p >< 0.0001), duration of nCPAP (r = 0.214, p = 0.001), and hospitalization (r = 0.214, p >< 0.0001), both in the general sample and among the survivors. Conclusion. The scale has a high predictive value in relation to the outcomes of the hospital stage in newborns, but a weak correlation with quantitative outcomes. Key words: Newborns, interhospital transportation of newborns, neonatal transfer, severity assessment, tactical decision.>˂ 0.0001), duration of ventilation (r = 0.221, p ˂ 0.0001), duration of nCPAP (r = 0.214, p = 0.001), and hospitalization (r = 0.214, p ˂ 0.0001), both in the general sample and among the survivors.

Conclusion. The scale has a high predictive value in relation to the outcomes of the hospital stage in newborns, but a weak correlation with quantitative outcomes.
The prediction of early anemia of prematurity in babies born weighing less than 1500 g
Authors: Ivanenkova Ya. A. , Kharlamova N. V. , Kuzmenko G. N. , Nazarov S. B. , Matveeva E. A.
Published: September 2022

Ранняя анемия недоношенных  — заболевание, характерное для  недоношенных детей, особенно с  экстремально низкой и очень низкой массой тела при рождении. Изучение новых механизмов ее формирования позволит своевременно проводить профилактические мероприятия и предотвратить формирование данной патологии в неонатальном периоде. Наше исследование было посвящено изучению инсулиноподобного фактора роста 1-го типа и белка-3, связывающего инсулиноподобный фактор роста, для  прогнозирования ранней анемии недоношенных и  ее тяжелого варианта. Проведено клинико-лабораторное обследование 65 новорожденных гестационного возраста до 32 нед с массой тела при рождении менее 1500 г. Содержание инсулиноподобного фактора роста 1-го типа и  белка-3, связывающего инсулиноподобный фактор роста, определяли в венозной крови на 3– 5-е сутки жизни. Выявлены новые предикторы формирования ранней анемии недоношенных: при содержании белка-3, связывающего инсулиноподобный фактор роста, на 3–5-е сутки жизни 0,766 мкг/мл или менее и при содержании инсулиноподобного фактора роста 25,9 нг/мл или менее прогнозируется формирование ранней анемии недоношенных у  глубоконедоношенных пациентов. Установлены предикторы формирования тяжелого варианта ранней анемии недоношенных, требующего гемотрансфузии на  основании уровня белка-3, связывающего инсулиноподобный фактор роста, с учетом антропометрических показателей ребенка при рождении. Разработаны и внедрены способы прогнозирования формирования ранней анемии недоношенных и ее тяжелого варианта, что дает возможность своевременно проводить профилактические мероприятия, чтобы предотвратить формирование заболевания и улучшить показатели здоровья и качества жизни глубоконедоношенных пациентов.
Relationship of specific and non-specific inflammation in children with respiratory tuberculosis and chronic lung diseases
Authors: Nakonechnaya S. L. , Aksenova V. A. , Mizernitskiy Yu. L.
Published: September 2022

The problem of  the combination of  tuberculosis and chronic nonspecific diseases of  the bronchopulmonary system in  children and adolescents has not been sufficiently studied to date and remains relevant.

Purpose. The study aims at determination of predictors of tuberculosis infection to identify groups at high risk of developing tuberculosis among children with chronic nonspecific pathology.

Materials and research methods. A prospective study of children and adolescents (n = 158) with isolated respiratory tuberculosis and its combination with various forms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (lung defects, chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma) was conducted. These two groups were compared in respect of the medical history and physical examination data, as well as computed tomography findings.

Results. The predictors of the development of tuberculosis included cases of pneumonia at an early age, acute respiratory infections 3 or more times a year, and the early age of children infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Conclusion. These conditions increase the risk of developing active tuberculosis in children and cause its more severe course. In addition, chronic nonspecific lung diseases associated with tuberculosis often complicate the course of a specific process and are often characterized by recurrent attacks.
Specific aspects of tobacco smoking among Russian teenage girls
Authors: Skvortsova E. S. , Lushkina N. P.
Published: September 2022

Purpose. The study is to analyze tobacco smoking among girls aged 15–17 years according to the data of the all-Russian epidemiological monitoring conducted in 2019–2020 and to identify the main aspects and directions of tobacco smoking prevention among girls.

Materials and methods. In 2019–2020, on the basis of a multi-stage selection from 12 constituent entities of the Russian Federation (6 Federal Districts), secondary schools were selected by random sampling from urban areas, in which a continuous anonymous survey of students in grades 9–11 was conducted. The total number of respondents was 14084 teenagers (6535 boys and 7549 girls).

Results. The data analysis showed that the prevalence of tobacco smoking among girls did not differ significantly from that of boys. Girls started smoking later than boys, but the intensity of initiation at the age of 13–14 years is higher than among boys. The structure of the motives of the first smoking test in boys and girls is the same. However, girls who tried smoking for the first time significantly outperformed boys by the motive «out of curiosity», and boys — «to feel like an adult» and «to please someone.» For most of the main reasons for smoking, girls did not differ significantly from boys, but girls smoked more often to «calm down,» and boys — «to seem more mature.» Awareness of the dangers of smoking among girls is slightly higher than among boys, and their sources of information are more reliable and scientifically based.

Conclusion. In 2019–2020 the prevalence of tobacco smoking among girls for the first time in 20 years of monitoring has become the same as among boys, and in some surveyed cities — even higher. In our opinion, this is due to the fact that society’s attitude towards women smoking has changed. Tobacco smoking among women has become less condemned and quite acceptable. However, this working hypothesis requires further, more detailed study.
Suicide mortality among children in the Russian Federation
Authors: Terletskaya R. N. , Zelinskaya D. I.
Published: September 2022

Purpose. To identify the aspects of suicide mortality of the child population of the Russian Federation and to propose directions for its prevention.

Materials and methods. An analysis of official data on the incidence of suicide deaths and injuries with uncertain intentionsin children of various age groups and in the context of the Russian Federation constituent entities was carried out. Special attention of suicide death age structure was paid to adolescents aged 15–17 years. The proportion of suicides among children due to external causes of death was determined.

Results. The incidence of suicide in children and adolescents depends on age, gender, and place of residence: in general, boys and urban residents dominated among the dead; suicide cases were recorded starting from the age group 5–9 years, more than two thirds of them were in the 15–17 age group; suicide rates among external causes of child death increased with age, were higher in girls and in rural areas; all the indicators studied had regional characteristics. Suicide mortality of children higher than the all-Russian level was recorded in the Volga, Siberian and Far Eastern, and at the age of 15–17 years — in the Southern, North Caucasus and Ural Federal Districts.

Conclusion. The characteristics of suicide mortality of children its social conditionality should be taken into account in the preventive measures’ formation. An analysis of inaccurate and unspecified causes of children death is important; intensive development of medical and social assistance and introduction of modern technologies of medical and social support for children and adolescents; using the principles of intersectoral and interdepartmental interaction to identify and strengthen State control over improper parenting; raising the social responsibility of parents.
Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in a five-year-old child
Authors: Balykova L. A. , Boynova I. V. , Ignatyev V. N. , Ignatieva O. I.
Published: September 2022

A new coronavirus infection (COVID-19, Corona Virus Disease 2019) is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, presenting as both a mild acute respiratory viral infection and a severe form, with damage to various organs and systems. In children under 16 years of age infected with SARS-CoV-2, the vast majority of cases were mild, without marked neurological manifestations.

This paper describes a case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in a five-year-old child associated with SARS-CoV-2, which caused difficulties in the differential diagnosis with demyelinating diseases and hereditary pathology. The disease was diagnosed in a family where both parentswere diagnosedwith COVID-19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The CNSlesionwasrepresented by severe central hemiparesis, involvement of some cranial nerves, with impaired pelvic organ function. During the treatment there was a positive dynamicsin the somatic and neurologicalstatus. The patient was discharged for outpatient treatment with satisfactory rehabilitation potential.

SARS-CoV-2 lesions of the nervous system in children can lead to life-threatening and fatal conditions. Timely diagnosis and a comprehensive approach to the management of a child with encephalomyelitis made it possible to avoid adverse effects of the disease and improve the rehabilitation prognosis.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in the PRKAG2 gene
Authors: Leontyeva I. V. , Shcherbakova N. V. , Kalachanova E. P. , Thermosesov S. A. , Sukhorukov V. S.
Published: September 2022

Clinical observations of three cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in the PRKAG2 gene with a debut in early childhood are presented. The  sisters whose father suffered from a severe form of  hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in  combination with Wolf—Parkinson—White syndrome and died at a young age from progressive heart failure are described. Early manifestation of  the disease is characteristic, while there was a combination of  ventricular preexitation syndrome and myocardial hypertrophy with rapid progression to extreme values. Hypertrophy was concentric symmetrical and biventricular. The main clinical symptom in  the first observation was frequent paroxysms of supraventricular tachycardia. New atrioventricular fenestrations were detected during dynamic observation, insufficient effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation, recurrence of supraventricular tachycardia, and a good response to propafenone were noted. The third clinical case is sporadic, a long-term follow-up for 15 years is presented and clearly reflects the progression of  the increase in myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac arrhythmias. The disease debuted from an early age in the form of hypertrophy in combination with severe bradycardia, which made drug therapy difficult. Due to the high risk of sudden cardiac death against the background of extreme myocardial hypertrophy, a cardioverter defibrillator was implanted. Signs of mitochondrial insufficiency according to skeletal muscle biopsy are described.
How to improve employee performance based on transglobal leadership?
Authors: Fiernaningsih Nilawati , Herijanto Pudji , Maharani Trivena Shinta
Published: September 2022

Competence in vocational education refers to knowledge, skills, and innovative work behavior. Therefore, innovative work behavior needs to be applied by lecturers at vocational institutions. Moreover, transglobal leadership is highly required in vocational higher education institutes because it can boost lecturers’ performance. This study aims to examine transglobal leadership styles to improve employee performance supported by work engagement and innovative work behavior. The study population included 1,494 lecturers from vocational state universities in East Java, Indonesia. The sample was 316 vocational lecturers determined by the Slovin formula. The data were processed through the SmartPLS software and analyzed using the SEM approach. The test results show that transglobal leadership positively affects work engagement with a t-statistic value of 4.240. In addition, transglobal leadership positively affects innovative work behavior with a t-statistic value of 2.015. Next, work engagement positively affects innovative work behavior with a t-statistic value of 2.009. Finally, innovative work behavior positively affects employee performance with a t-statistic value of 10.244. In conclusion, this paper enlarges the relevant literature devoted to the effect of work engagement, transglobal leadership, and innovative work behavior impact on employee performance.
Effect of reducing the vibration of a frame-spacing arrangement
Authors: Liu Wenxi
Published: September 2022

The methods of arranging frame spacing are explored for reducing the vibration of a cylindrical shell. According to the principle that an aperiodic structures will produce irregular reflections on structural waves, resulting in structural vibration attenuation, two methods of arranging frame spacing are adopted: periodic frame spacing and random frame spacing. Using the two methods, the frames of cylindrical shell models are arranged, and then, using the finite element method (FEM), the vibration response of the cylindrical shells is calculated and compared. It can be found that, for the finite-length cylindrical shells, the aperiodic arrangement of the frame spacing can decrease the vibration level of the cylindrical shells in some specific high-frequency band. For example, for the cylindrical shells with a diameter of 7.6 m and a length of 8.4 m, the frame-spacing arrangement is random, and the vibration level is reduced in about 350-600 Hz, with a maximum reduction of up to 9 dB.
Estudio piloto de un programa basado en Internet para la prevención e intervención temprana de la depresión en adolescentes
Authors: Espinosa-Duque Daniel , Fernandez Mauricio , Ruiz María Paula , Jaramillo Juan Carlos , Moessner Markus , Bauer Stephanie , Krause Mariane
Published: September 2022

Antecedentes: la alta prevalencia de depresión en la adolescencia y sus graves consecuencias, asociadas a su falta de detección y tratamiento, estimulan el interés en la investigación respecto a su prevención e intervención tempranas. Las intervenciones basadas en las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC), dada su flexibilidad y capacidad de difusión, representan oportunidades innovadoras; no obstante, en Latinoamérica hay poca evidencia sobre su impacto y eficacia. Objetivo y metodología: se realiza un estudio piloto cuantitativo cuasiexperimental que busca evaluar la factibilidad del programa basado en Internet “Cuida tu Ánimo”, mediante las variables de uso y aceptabilidad, y la estimación del efecto, en 215 adolescentes (103 grupo activo, 112 grupo control) de dos instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Medellín. Se evaluaron las interacciones de los adolescentes con el Programa, su uso-aceptabilidad, el nivel de sintomatología depresiva y otros aspectos relacionados. Resultados: los adolescentes reportan alta aceptación y uso muy moderado del Programa. Señalan el aprendizaje sobre depresión y detección temprana del riesgo que les proporcionó el Programa; y recomiendan aumentar la interactividad de la plataforma web, generar contenidos más diversos y entretenidos, y aumentar los niveles de presencialidad de la intervención. Conclusiones: los programas basados en las TIC pueden ser un complemento favorable para la prevención e intervención tempranas de la depresión en adolescentes. Dada la dificultad de asociar la estimación del efecto del Programa con su uso, se recomienda en estudios futuros utilizar un diseño que permita relacionar los indicadores de uso con los de resultado (dosis-efecto).
Percepción subjetiva del COVID-19: Una medida de evaluación integral para adolescentes y jóvenes
Authors: Barcelata-Eguiarte Blanca Estela , Rodríguez-Alcántara Raquel
Published: September 2022

La pandemia por COVID-19 es un evento adverso y factor de riesgo para la salud integral de los adolescentes y jóvenes, asociado a trastornos de estrés, ansiedad y depresión, sin embargo, la perspectiva ecológica plantea que la percepción del evento o situación juega un papel central en la adaptación y salud mental. Por otra parte, la detección de factores de riesgo-protección es la base de una intervención efectiva. El objetivo de este estudio fue construir una medida multidimensional válida y confiable para explorar la percepción subjetiva y las respuestas psicológicas de los adolescentes y jóvenes ante la pandemia por COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio instrumental en el que participaron 727 adolescentes de 13 a 24 años (M= 18.36; DE= 2.9) de la Ciudad de México. Se elaboró la Encuesta de Percepción Juvenil del COVID-19 (EPJ COVID-19) que fue aplicada en línea. Un análisis factorial por componentes principales (n= 410) arrojó una solución de ocho factores: Miedo y preocupaciones, Indicadores de estrés, Presiones escolares, Conductas preventivas, Cambios de rutinas, Dinámica familiar, Relajación y esparcimiento, y Socialización virtual (VE = 59.07%). Un análisis factorial confirmatorio con el método de máxima verosimilitud (n= 317) corroboró un modelo de ocho factores mostrando índices aceptables de ajuste, el cual también presentó una buena consistencia interna (α total= .863). Los resultados sugieren que la EPJ COVID-19 es una medida válida y confiable que puede ser usada para valorar de manera integral la percepción y respuestas de los adolescentes y jóvenes ante la pandemia para diseñar intervenciones basadas en evidencia.
Análisis factorial confirmatorio de la Escala verbal de fusión de identidad en una muestra chilena
Authors: Landabur Ayala Rodrigo , Miguez Cavieres Gonzalo Javier , Laborda Rojas Mario Arturo , Salinas Chaud María Isabel
Published: September 2022

La fusión de identidad consiste en un sentimiento de unión con un grupo, en el que el individuo experimenta una mezcla entre su identidad personal y la social; y es un buen predictor de la conducta extrema progrupo. El presente estudio analizó la estructura factorial de la Escala verbal de fusión de identidad elaborada por Gómez et al. (2011), en una muestra chilena. Se utilizó una muestra universitaria seleccionada por conveniencia de 411 participantes (66% mujeres) con una edad media de 24.45 años (DT = 5.89). Se analizó el ajuste unifactorial y bifactorial de la Escala a través del análisis factorial, y las respectivas confiabilidades. Los resultados indicaron un buen y mejor ajuste del modelo bifactorial (χ2/gl = 3.34, p < .001, CFI = .975, TLI = .957, SRMR = .030, y RMSEA = .085), por sobre el unifactorial, que no mostró un buen ajuste (χ2/gl = 5.26, p < .001, CFI = .946, TLI = .919, SRMR = .042, y RMSEA = .116). Ambos modelos contaron con altas confiabilidades (> .800). Se discutió sobre el mejor ajuste de la estructura bifactorial en relación con estudios realizados en Estados Unidos, España y población inmigrante en Chile. Se proyecta la necesidad de futuros estudios que incorporen otros análisis de validez y superen la limitación del presente estudio asociada al uso de una muestra no representativa.
Los fundamentos históricos del derecho del consumo
Authors:   Universidad de Granada, Granada, España., Rojo Gallego-Burín Marina
Published: September 2022

En este trabajo estudiamos el origen histórico del Derecho del Consumo,desde el Derecho Romano preclásico hasta el Derecho común a lo largo de este devenir ponemos de manifiesto que los orígenes de la protección a los consumidores y usuarios puede situarse en tiempos más pretéritos al siglo XIX o XX, como suele afirmarse. Esto nos conduce a considerar el sistema de protección que dictaba el Derecho clásico, postclásico y la compilación de Justiniano. Así como, aproximarnos hasta el Derecho germánico y el Real de Castilla. Lo cual, nos va a permitir determinar las reminiscencias de aquellos Derechos que aún perviven en nuestro actual Derecho del Consumo.
Inhibitors of Sa-Reductase
Authors: Frye Stephen V.
Published: September 2022

The enzyme steroid Sa-reductase (SAR) catalyzes the c nversion of Ll4 steroids to the corresponding saturated steroids and plays a significant role in developmental biology. Dihydrotestosterone, a product of Sa-reduction of testosterone, has been implicated in the pathology of benign prostatic hyperplasia, acne and male pattern baldness. Two isozymes of SAR are now known and the relative roles of these enzymes in developmental physiology and in the pathophysiology of androgen­ related disorders is the subject of much current research. Progress in the development of potent isozyme selective and dual inhibitors of SAR is reviewed with an emphasis on structure activity relationships as well as efficacy in animal models of benign prostatic hyperplasia and human clinical studies.
Design of New Oxysterols for Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism
Authors: Schroepfer Jr. George J.
Published: September 2022

3 -Hydroxy-Sa-cholest-8(14)-en-15-one is an oxysterol which shows high potency in the inhibition of sterol synthesis and in the suppression of the levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in mammalian cells. The 15-ketosterol, which shows significant hypocholesterolemic activity upon oral administration to animals, has been the subject of intensive investigation over the past two decades. Considerations of the metabolism of the 15-ketosterol have provided the basis for the rational design of improved analogs. The construction of these analogs was
facilitated by the development of a highly efficient and specific method for the oxidative cleavage of the side chain o8f 04)_15-
ketosterols to give synthons from which the new analogs could be prepared. Apart from their increased potencies with regard to lowering of serum cholesterol levels, the new analogs of the 15-ketosterol display other favorable features.
Assessment of Inter-relationship between Anemia and COPD In Accordance with Altitude
Authors: Sangeetha Thangavelu , Anand Arumugam Vijaya , Begum Tajuddin Nargis
Published: September 2022

Background:

Anemia, a common blood disorder has been analysed for the risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a predominant respiratory condition. The COPD patients have been found to have anemia due to inflammation, accounting for about 7.5-33%.

Objectives:

To predict the influence of anemia in the COPD occurrence as well as to depict the role of change in altitudes in the occurrence of anemic as well as COPD.

Methodology:

A total of 17 hematological parameters has been analysed in the anemic and COPD patients along with the control samples of low and high altitude regions and the significance of the results has been calculated.

Results:

The hematological parameter comparison between anemia and COPD samples of two different altitudes showed highly significant variations (p<0.001) as well as slighter significant variations (p<0.01, p<0.05 and p<0.1) in most of the parameters as well as the prevalence of anemic condition among the COPD patients was significant.

Conclusion:

The considered hematological parameters shown to have a considerable influence in the occurrence of anemia and COPD as well as in the occurrence of anemia in COPD patients along with the change in altitudes.
Screening of the Bread Wheat Varieties for the Leaf Rust Resistance Gene Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Bdv1
Authors: Radchenko Olexiy M. , Sandetska Nadia V. , Morgun Bogdan V. , Karelov Anatolii , Kozub Natalia , Pirko Yaroslav V. , Blume Yaroslav B.
Published: September 2022

Background:

The allelic composition of the gene Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Bdv1, which is associated with resistance to leaf rust in varieties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), has been investigated.

Methods:

Three DNA markers were used to determine the allelic state of the gene Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Bdv1: the co-dominant molecular genetic markers cssfr5 and csLV34 and the microsatellite marker Xgwm295.

Results:

Among 32 cultivars evaluated for resistance to leaf rust, 4 were highly resistant, 26 were resistant and 2 were moderately susceptible. Using the co-dominant marker cssfr5 based on the detection of the polymorphic state of one of the exons of the gene Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Bdv1, the Lr34(+) allele, which confers resistance to leaf rust, was found in 25% of the studied varieties. The coincidence between the results obtained with the markers cssfr5 and csLV34 was 84.5%.

Conclusion:

The data of the conducted molecular genetic analysis were supplemented by observations of the resistance of the studied varieties to leaf rust in the field. The obtained data can be used in breeding programs to develop new varieties and breeding lines with leaf rust resistance.
Increasing reliability of traction electric motors of diesel locomotives taking into account thermophysical parameters of insulation and armature winding conductors
Authors: Kiselev V. I. , Vakhromeeva T. O. , Fedyanin A. I.
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The issue of ensuring the operable state of the DC traction motor is relevant due to its large-scale use on diesel locomotives, including modern powerful motors, operating on lines with increased train masses. At present, a rather difficult situation has developed in the locomotive industry with the failure of diesel locomotive traction electric motors due to a decrease in the insulation resistance of the armature windings of the electric motors and their subsequent breakdowns: up to 28 % of the total number of failures of electric motors are due to breakdown of the hull insulation and interturn short circuit of the armature and 13 % of cases are due to reduction in the resistance of the insulating material.

Materials and methods. The paper considers the main directions of scientific research on the causes of insulation integrity failure, which lead to unscheduled repairs of traction motors. The theoretical substantiation of the root causes of insulation destruction is based on the importance of taking into account the coefficients of thermal linear expansion of copper and its insulating materials. In order to study thermodynamic processes in the winding of a traction motor, a computational finite element model of a winding coil laid in the groove of the armature core has been developed. The winding model is represented separately by a conductor and insulation, between which contact conditions are specified. The conductor of the calculation model heats up to 120 °C from the current flow. Mathematical apparatus embedded in the MSC calculation program, Patran – Nastran, made it possible to evaluate the deformation of the conductor relative to the insulation as a result of a linear increment due to thermal expansion.

Results. With the help of mathematical modelling and based on the results of finite element analysis, the confirmation of the theoretical justification is clearly shown. The difference in elongation during heating of the motor armature conductor and insulation, obtained by mathematical modelling, is 0.6 mm and is significant for the winding (consisting of a conductor and insulation), which is usually considered as a single whole body.

Discussion and conclusion. The obtained result shows the need for more detailed studies to select the technology for the insulation of the DC traction motor. The use of insulating materials for the armature winding with coefficients of thermal linear expansion equal to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the copper conductors of the winding will improve the reliability of traction electric motors of diesel locomotives in operation.
Influence of aerodynamic parameters of current collector on current collection at movement speeds up to 160 km/h
Authors: Mironos N. V. , Emel’yanova M. N. , Tartynskiy D. V.
Published: September 2022

Introduction. This article investigates the influence of the aerodynamic parameters of the current collector on the contact force. For this purpose, the influence in the speed range up to 160 km/h on the quality of the current collection, in particular on the increased wear of the current collector contact strips, was determined.

Materials and methods. A method for calculating aerodynamic forces was developed using mathematical modelling by the method of computational fluid dynamics. The current collector can be conditionally divided into three parts: the base, the current collector lifting mechanism and the current collector head. The main characteristic of this interaction is the force with which the head is pressed against the contact wire and the stability of this force in dynamically changing external conditions.

Results. The simulation performed showed that at a speed of about 140 km/h, head vibrations occur that change the contact force. This made it possible to explain the increased wear of the inserts during testing and commissioning of electric trains of the ES2G and ET4A types, which use the same type of current collectors. The presence of the current collector holder near its head, which is a pipe located along the entire length of the head at a slight distance, fundamentally changes the flow pattern. Based on the performed mathematical modelling, changes were made to the design of the current collector head in order to improve its aerodynamic properties. Other current-collecting elements were used to ensure stable aerodynamic properties of the head in a given speed range.

Discussion and conclusion. The introduced changes made it possible to solve the problem with increased wear of the contact strips at a speed of up to 160 km/h. The conducted studies and the introduction of changes in GOST 32204–2013 based on these studies will improve the reliability and durability of the current collection devices.
Increasing the performance of the Far Eastern Railway traction power supply system
Authors: Grigor’ev N. P. , Ignatenko I. V. , Vlasenko S. A. , Kovalev V. A. , Shatalov V. V.
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The purpose of the study is to develop measures determined by the strategic programmes for the development of Russian railway transport based on the analysis of power supply schemes for the traction network of the Far Eastern Railway, a branch of Russian Railways.

Materials and methods. Evaluation of the performance of the traction power supply system was made based on the analysis of the actual performance of the Far Eastern Railway section, as well as the theories of electrical engineering and power supply of the 25 kV AC electrified railway system.

Results. Based on the analysis of the joint operation of the external and traction power supply systems of the Far Eastern Railway, four traction substations with low technical and economic indicators were identified. Network sections that feed the substations are a bottleneck in the traction power supply system. It is proposed to increase the efficiency by switching the connection of the windings of transformers of traction substations to the systems of external and traction power supply according to the typical star – delta scheme. Such a connection will ensure an increase in the speed of trains, a reduction in train succession time and losses of electricity, an increase in the quality of electric energy in the external power supply system and electric networks of the Far Eastern Directorate for Energy Supply (a structural subdivision of Transenergo, a branch of Russian Railways).

Discussion and conclusion. Normalisation of the connection of four traction substations according to the feeding scheme is ensured by changing the phasing in such a way that the power supply of the two legs of one winding of the power transformer is transferred to two windings. Alignment of the current modules in the windings of transformers of traction substations makes it possible to reduce the voltage drop in the most loaded phase and, accordingly, increase the voltage in the traction network, which ensures an increase in the speed of trains and a reduction in passing intervals. Switching the power supply of the arms from one winding of the transformer to two reduces the loss of electrical energy in power transformers and the external power supply system. Reducing the current unbalance in the windings of the power transformer improves the quality of electrical energy in the system of external and district power supply. An increase in the service life of the power transformer is ensured by a decrease in the intensity of thermal wear of the insulation of the most loaded winding.
The Experimental Loop of Railway Research Institute celebrates its 90th Anniversary
Authors: Kaplin V. N. , Rimskaya O. N.
Published: September 2022

In 2022, the main testing centre of Russian railways, the Experimental Loop of the Railway Research Institute, turns 90 years old.

The experience accumulated by the Experimental Loop is unique at a global scale: at the time of its creation, it was the world's first designated testing area for the latest models of railway vehicles and materials.

The contribution of the Experimental Loop to the development of Soviet and Russian railways cannot be overestimated. A specially built proving ground and highly professional staff equipped with all the necessary tools made it possible to radically accelerate the development of new railway technologies and their implementation in the transportation process. The reputation and importance of the Experimental Loop is confirmed by the constant attention and visits of top state officials and industry leaders.

The presented historical essay shows the main stages in the development of the Experimental Loop, as well as its significance both for the transport industry of our country and for Russian railway science.
Integrating leadership with work engagement in nursing: A correlational study
Authors:   College of Nursing and Faculty of Graduate Studies, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, 2009, Philippines, et al. Feliciano
Published: September 2022

This study aimed at determining the relationship between leadership and the work engagement of nurses. This descriptive-correlational study was designed with 325 purposive nurse samples from participating three selected Philippine institutional provinces collected between March and June 2020 using Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) instruments. Mainly perceived as having moderate level transformational (216 or 66.5%), transactional (214 or 65.8%), and passive-avoidant (227 or 69.8%) leadership, nurses were specifically regarded as highly inspirational motivators (score=8.22; SD+1.873) and content with standard performance (management-by-exception, score=8.09; SD+1.995) than being passive-avoidant (score=7.02; SD+1.916). Using IBM SPSS v.26, the study utilized a chi-square test of association which found out that all three nurses’ leadership styles and their factors were statistically significant with their overall work engagement (p=.000) and its domains namely, vigor (p=.000), dedication (p=.000), and absorption (p=.000) with moderate-, relatively strong-, and strong associations. Nurses’ multifactorial leadership and work engagement were suggestive interrelated characteristics that demonstrate an increasing level of leadership congruent with a higher level of work engagement. Hence, this study offers a remarkable hypothetical underpinning nurses’ opportunity to assume leadership roles and functions to improve their overall work engagement.
Appropriateness of Alerts and Physicians’ Responses With a Medication-Related Clinical Decision Support System: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Park Hyunjung , Chae Minjung Kathy , Jeong Woohyeon , Yu Jaeyong , Jung Weon , Chang Hansol , Cha Won Chul
Published: September 2022

Background

Alert fatigue is unavoidable when many irrelevant alerts are generated in response to a small number of useful alerts. It is necessary to increase the effectiveness of the clinical decision support system (CDSS) by understanding physicians’ responses.

Objective

This study aimed to understand the CDSS and physicians’ behavior by evaluating the clinical appropriateness of alerts and the corresponding physicians’ responses in a medication-related passive alert system.

Methods

Data on medication-related orders, alerts, and patients’ electronic medical records were analyzed. The analyzed data were generated between August 2019 and June 2020 while the patient was in the emergency department. We evaluated the appropriateness of alerts and physicians’ responses for a subset of 382 alert cases and classified them.

Results

Of the 382 alert cases, only 7.3% (n=28) of the alerts were clinically appropriate. Regarding the appropriateness of the physicians’ responses about the alerts, 92.4% (n=353) were deemed appropriate. In the classification of alerts, only 3.4% (n=13) of alerts were successfully triggered, and 2.1% (n=8) were inappropriate in both alert clinical relevance and physician’s response. In this study, the override rate was 92.9% (n=355).

Conclusions

We evaluated the appropriateness of alerts and physicians’ responses through a detailed medical record review of the medication-related passive alert system. An excessive number of unnecessary alerts are generated, because the algorithm operates as a rule base without reflecting the individual condition of the patient. It is important to maximize the value of the CDSS by comprehending physicians’ responses.
Пілоцитарна астроцитома: огляд літератури
Authors: Chaulagain Dipak , Smolanka Volodymyr , Smolanka Andriy
Published: September 2022

Пілоцитарна астроцитома (ПА) — це часта назва доброякісної пухлини мозку, яка виростає з астроцитів, клітин, що підтримують неврологічну систему. Гарві Кушинг уперше продемонстрував пілоцитарну астроцитому у 1931 році на основі серії астроцитом мозочка. Гліоми, віднесені ВООЗ до I ступеня, мають сприятливий прогноз, і пілоцитарні астроцитоми належать до цієї категорії. У осіб, які брали участь у даному дослідженні, відзначалися симптоми дефіциту функції черепно-мозкових нервів, а також симптоми атаксії та ознаки підвищення внутрішньочерепного тиску. Через зв’язок між розташуванням, розміром пухлини та наявністю супутньої гідроцефалії симптоми та ознаки ПА найчастіше спостерігаються через багато місяців. Найбільш частими симптомами є головний біль, нудота, нечіткість зору, блювання, дискомфорт у спині, підвищення внутрішньочерепного тиску та диплопія. Гістопатологічно ПА має низький або помірний рівень клітинності і складається з клітин з довгими біполярними (волосоподібними) відростками та подовженими і цитологічно м’якими ядрами, а також з ділянок з пухкою, мультиполярною (подібною до протоплазматичних астроцитів) текстурою, що складається з клітин з м’якими округло-овальними ядрами та численними короткими цитоплазматичними розширеннями. Ці ділянки багаті на волокна Розенталя. Найпоширенішим методом лікування ПА є операція з видалення пухлини. Прогноз, як правило, сприятливий, якщо пухлина повністю видалена. Якщо хірургічне втручання неможливе через розташування пухлини, дітям старшого віку та дорослим може бути корисно променеве лікування, щоб допомогти усунути будь-які залишки пухлинних клітин. Іноді використовуються хіміотерапія або інші форми таргетної терапії.
Клінічні особливості лікування фокальної резистентної епілепсії
Authors: Goranskyi I.I. , Hertsev V.N. , Sergeeva M.I.
Published: September 2022

У результаті проведеного інформаційного пошуку встановлено, що лише для деяких комбінацій протиепілептичних препаратів доведена їх ефективність при специфічних типах епілепсії/нападів, чітких і остаточних доказів щодо ефективних комбінацій протиепілептичних засобів, зокрема із застосуванням лакосаміду, що ґрунтуються на засадах доказової медицини, у наш час не існує. Використання лакосаміду для додаткового лікування в дорослих з резистентною фокальною епілепсією при тривалому лікуванні є ефективним і зазвичай добре переноситься.