bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Active management of the third stageof labor for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage
Authors: Artymuk Natalya Vladimirovna , Surina Mariya Nikolayevna , Marochko Tatyana Yuryevna , Kolesnikova Natalya Borisovna
Published: April 2016

Obstetric haemorrhage remains a main cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. A hospital-based, individually randomized controlled study was proposed. 1095 women delivering vaginally in Kemerovo Perinatal Center were examined. Absence of controlled cord tractions hasn’t significant effect on amount of blood loss in the III stage, and frequency of PPH, in usage of additional uterotonics, postpartum hemoglobin levels, frequency of manual removal of placenta.
Clinical and social characteristics of adolescent women who gave birth in the framework of the specialized program on management of pregnancy and childbirth in adolescents
Authors: Mikhaylin Yevgeniy Sergeyevich , Ivanova Lada Anatolyevna , Savitskiy Aleksey Gennadyevich , Zhibura Larisa Pavlovna , Dementsov Igor Borisovich , Kasyanova Darya Semenovna , Minina Anna Gennadyevna , Davutyan Syuzanna Araratovna
Published: April 2016

The article describes the clinical and social characteristics of pregnant adolescent women who gave birth in Maternity hospital N 10 in 2013 in the framework of the specialized city Program on management of pregnancy and childbirth in adolescents “Young mother”. It is shown that the frequency of complications of pregnancy and childbirth in the juvenile patients observed in the framework of the specialized Programs for pregnant adolescents, was lower than according to the literature, or these complications were easier. It was also noted the absence of perinatal mortality and abandoned children in the patients of the Program. It is shown that implementation of the comprehensive medical, medical-social, psychological and legal assistance to young pregnant girls in a specialized Center for pregnant adolescents can improve the outcomes of pregnancies and quality of medical care for such a difficult category of patients, as pregnant teenage girls.
Peculiarities of pregnancy course and pregnancy outcomes in tobacco smoking
Authors: Semenova Tatyana Valeryevna , Arzhanova Olga Nikolayevna , Bespalova Olesya Nikolayevna , Milyutina Yuliya Pavlovna , Prokopenko Valentina Mikhaylovna , Zubzhitskaya Lyudmila Borisovna , Arutyunyan Aleksandr Vartanovich
Published: April 2016

Tobacco is an urgent problem in Russia and in the world. Recent years have seen increased prevalence of smoking among the population. Tobacco dependence is included in the international classification of diseases, the American Psychiatric Association. From habit associated increase in the frequency of chronic diseases, mortality. In Russia smokes about 30 % of women and half of them continue to smoke during pregnancy. Proved that chronic nicotine intoxication has a negative effect on the pregnancy and fetus, worsens perinatal outcomes. It is also known that when tobacco smoking increases the level of homocysteine in the body, which in turn have toxic effects on vasculature. With many gestational hyperhomocysteinemia associated complications (gestoses, placental insufficiency, miscarriage and other). Already, there are methods of prevention and treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia. However, studies on folate metabolism in pregnant smoking a little. No clear approaches to the maintenance and inspection of this group of patients. I would like to draw attention to the state of folate metabolism in pregnant women with nicotine intoxication, reveal features of pregnancy, methods of prevention and treatment of gestational complications.
The value of the psyche pregnant in the development of early toxemia
Authors: Vishnevskaya Ekaterina Evgenyevna
Published: April 2016

The article review сurrent literature regarding the mechanisms of development, pathogenesis and treatment principles of early toxemia. Particular attention is paid to the relationship of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women with their mental state, the possibility of non-drug effects on this pathology.
Contribution Of Alexander Alexandrovich Kiter in the development of vaginal access in operative gynecology of Russia
Authors: Aylamazyan Edvard Karpovich , Komlichenko Eduard Vladimirovich , Bezhenar Vitaliy Fedorovich , Dedul Anna Gennadyevna , Kalinina Evgeniya Aleksandrovna , Sheveleva Tatyana Sergeyevna , Zubareva Tatyana Mikhaylovna , Gamzatova Zaynab Khizriyevna
Published: April 2016

This article is dedicated to the surgeon A. A. Keeter (1813 -1879). He was one of the prominent students of N. I. Pirogov. He made a significant contribution to the science and clinical medicine. A. A. Keeter popularized new surgical techniques in gynecology and was the head of the first gynecological clinic in Russia. This clinic was opened in 1842 in Saint Petersburg State Medical Surgical Academy. He published the first detailed manual “Gynecologic diseases guidelines” in 1858. Moreover A.A. Keeter was the first surgeon in Russia who performed vaginal hysterectomy with successful result. Keeter was an outstanding scientist and founder of Russian surgical school.
Morphological substantiation of applying the Er: YAG-laser for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women
Authors: Bezmenko Aleksandr Aleksandrovich , Shmidt Andrey Aleksandrovich , Koval Anna Andreyevna , Sibirev Sergey Aleksandrovich , Karpishchenko Zhanna Mikhaylovna , Gayvoronskikh Dmitriy Ivanovich
Published: April 2016

The article presents the results of morphological evaluation of the vaginal tissues in women before and after treatment of stress incontinence with Er: YAG-laser (technologies IntimaLase and IncontiLase). Marked histological changes (increase of quantity and activity of fibroblasts, the increase of density of connective tissue, the emergence of neoangiogenesis plots) confirm the clinical efficacy of the method (the positive effect was obtained in 70,7 % of patients with I type of UI and 47 % with the II type of UI light and medium gravity).
Premature rupture of membranes (modern view to etiology and pathogenesis, prediction perspectives)
Authors: Afanasiyeva Marina Khivaliyevna , Bolotskikh Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich , Polyakova Viktoriya Olegovna
Published: April 2016

This article presents a review of contemporary views to biochemical, immunologic, genetic aspects to the etiology and pathogenesis of premature rupture of membranes (PROM). The article marks further ways in studying predictions of premature rupture of membranes at the advanced pregnancy periods.
The role of hormonal and vascular dysregulation in the genesis of early reproductive losses
Authors: Gaziyeva Irina Aleksandrovna , Chistyakova Guzel Nukhovna , Remizova Irina Ivanovna
Published: April 2016

The Purpose. To study the role of hormonal and vascular dysregulation for the genesis of early reproductive losses without fetus chromosomal abnormalities. Materials and methods. The study involved 150 pregnant women: 38 women with early reproductive losses in this pregnancy (main group) and 112 women with delivery of live full-term infant (comparison group). Determination of factors characterizing the function of fetoplacental complex, indicators of the endothelial function and regulators of angiogenesis was performed in the first trimester of progressive pregnancy. Results. It is established that the mechanisms of abortion in the first trimester is associated with reduced production of hormones and proteins, which are indicators of the formation and function of fetoplacental complex and mediating immunomodulatory, tolerogens and angiogenic effects: β-HCG, PAPP-A and trophoblastic β-1-glycoprotein. Impair of hormonal control of gestational remodeling of the maternal body is associated with endothelial dysfunction and dysregulation of angiogenesis. Markers of endotheliopathy are: increased levels of endothelin-1, propeptide big-endothelin and homocysteine, decreased production of total and endogenous nitrite, and the changing of release of soluble adhesion molecules. Disbalans of stimulators and inhibitors of angiogenesis is characterized by the increased level of proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) as well as by the reduction of level of antiangiogenic soluble receptor of VEGF (sVEGF-R1), protein 1, binding insulin-like growth factor (IGF-BP1), and placental growth factor (PlGF). Conclusion. The determination of factors of hormonal and vascular dysregulation in the early pregnancy contributes to the timely identification of women with risk of miscarriage.
Clinico-immunohistochemical aspects of recovery of reproductive function of women with chronic endometritis
Authors: Kolmyk Vera Aleksandrovna , Nasyrov Ruslan Abdullayevich , Kutusheva Galiya Fettyakhovna
Published: April 2016

20 female patients aged 18-40 years old with a complicated anamnesis have been examined. Besides the regular clinical analysis the Pipel-byopsy was carried out with the immunohistochemical and histological investigation of the material. The expression level of estrogen and progesterone receptors has been determined. As well as the antigens of HSV, CMV and Epstein-Barr virus. In the case when chronic endometritis was diagnosed with the appearance of any of the viruses, the immunomodulating and antiviral therapy was administered. In the treatment of chronic endometritis associated with herpes simplex virus is advisable to administer an antiviral drug cour at least 3 months.
Effectiveness and outcomes of embryo cryopreservation programs in assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Kravchuk Yana Nikolayevna , Kalugina Alla Stanislavovna , Bystrova Olga Vladimirovna , Shlykova Svetlana Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2016

Background. Embryo cryopreservation is an essential part of ART programs today. In recent years vitrification method is used increasingly widely. Purposes and tasks. To compare the effectiveness of ART programs using vitrified and fresh embryos, as well as different endometrial preparation regimes for frozen\thawed embryo transfer (modified natural cycle (MNC) and the preparatory hormone therapy(PHT)). To analyze the course of pregnancy and perinatal outcomes after vitrified embryo transfer. Materials and methods. We prospectively assessed the ART programs effectiveness and perinatal outcomes in 153 patients (I group), who underwent vitrified embryo transfer in 2011-2013 year. To prepare the endometrium for thawed embryo transfer in 83 patients PHT (Ia subgroup) and MNC in 70 patients (Ib subgroup) were used. Control group consisted of 70 patients, who underwent fresh embryo transfer. Results. The clinical pregnancy rate, birth rate and “take home baby” rate were not significantly different between the I (47,5 %; 30,9 %; 30,9 %) and II (53,0 %; 34,9 %; 32,5 %) groups, and between Ia (48,3 %; 28,4 %; 28,4 %) and IIb (46,6 %; 34,1 %; 34,1 %) subgroups. Complications during pregnancy and delivery, birthweight, length, Apgar score, congenital malformation rate did not differ significantly after vitrified and fresh embryo transfer. Conclusion. Vitrification is an effective method to achieve clinical results, comparable to native cycles. Application of PHT and MNC results in similar clinical outcomes. Transfer Vitrified embryo transfer does not have a negative impact on obstetric and perinatal outcomes when compared with native cycles.
Modern concepts of tactics delivery of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kapustin Roman Viktorovich , Arzhanova Olga Nikolayevna , Bespalova Olesya Nikolayevna , Kovaleva Tatyana Georgiyevna
Published: April 2016

The article presents the current literature devoted to the problem of delivery of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Analyzed issues related to the definition of the optim-al timing and mode of delivery of women with GDM. On the basis of these data revealed that the principles of tactics and delivery of pregnant women with GDM worldwide ambiguous and require further research. Thus, the development of common standards for best tactics, methods and timing of delivery of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus is a challenging and important task for modern medicine and requires further investigation.
Comparative characteristic of pregnancy and delivery in adolescents and women of average reproductive age
Authors: Mikhaylin Yevgeniy Sergeyevich , Ivanova Lada Anatolyevna , Savitskiy Aleksey Gennadyevich
Published: April 2016

The article provides a comparative characteristic the main clinical parameters of pregnancy and delivery in adolescents and women of average reproductive age. The results of this study generally confirm the literature data on the greater frequency of complications of pregnancy and childbirth in juvenile women than in women of average reproductive age. Thus, significantly more frequently in pregnant adolescents dated anemia, preeclampsia, fetal malnutrition, during delivery more frequently dated premature rupture of membranes, perineotomy and newborn injury. At the same time, significant differences in the incidence of weakness of labor activity, hemorrhage, neonatal asphyxia and maternal injury was not observed according to our data, which is not consistent with the known literature data.
In vitro fertilization outcome in women with tubal factor of infertility and previous chlamydial infection
Authors: Myuller Valeriya Sergeyevna , Kogan Igor Yuryevich , Savicheva Alevtina Mikhaylovna
Published: April 2016

In order to examine the results of IVF and IVF/ICSI programs in women with tubal infertility (TFI) and previous exposure to chlamydial infection a total of 242 women were enrolled in the study. Materials and methods. Sera and follicular fluid samples were tested using EIA for antibodies to chlamydial antigens: the major outer membrane protein (MOMP - IgG, IgA) and heat shock protein chsp60 (IgG). Prevalence of antichlamydial antibodies in sera was 50,4 % (122/242), 10,7 % (26/242) and 5,8 % (14/242); in follicular fluid - 30,2 % (73/197), 3,7 % (9/197) and 4,5% (11/197) coordinaly. Patients were divided to two groups: main group (with IgG to C. trachomatis MOMP in sera, N = 122) and comparison group (absence of antibodies, N = 120). Results. The miscarriage rate after conventional IVF or IVF/ICSI cycle in main group patients was 28 % (7/30), compared to 3,3 % (1/30) in comparison group, р = 0,018. Pregnancy and live birth rate in women from main group was 40 % (22/55) and 30,9 % (17/55); in patients of comparison group - 22,2 % (16/72) and 15,3 % (11/72); р = 0,03 and р = 0,035, coordinaly. Results showed no difference in efficiency of IVF/ICSI programs for the examined groups of patients. Conclusion. Antibodies to C. trachomatis antigens are detected in blood serum of half, in follicular fluid - of every third patient with tubal factor of infertility. Serological evidence of previous exposure to chlamydial infection in these women is associated with decreased IVF success - lower pregnancy and live birth rates and higher risk of miscarriage.
A case of spontaneous splenic rupture in pregnancy
Authors: Mikhaylin Yevgeniy Sergeyevich , Ivanova Lada Anatolyevna , Savitskiy Aleksey Gennadyevich , Kucheryavyy Sergey Georgiyevich , Krasnolobov Roman Anatolyevich , Krasnolobova Polina Yuryevna
Published: April 2016

The article provides an observation case of spontaneous splenic rupture in 33/34 weeks of pregnancy. The patient was under active-expectant management, because of premature rupture of membranes at term of 33 weeks. Suddenly, against a background of well-being, emerged clinical signs of massive intra-abdominal bleeding. During the revision of the abdominal cavity the rupture of the capsule of the spleen was detect. Cesarean section and splenectomy were performed. The postoperative period was uncomplicated, the patient was discharged home with the baby.
Complex research of the functional status of fetal in labour
Authors: Kucherjavyy Sergey Georgievich
Published: April 2016

The review presents recent data on assessment of the functional status of fetal in labour, disadvantages of the methods and benefits their integrated use.
The contribution pulsating pressure component of the breast pump mechanism on process milk expression from mammary gland lactating women
Authors: Alekseyev Nikolay Petrovich , Ilin Vladimir Ivanovich , Talalayeva Nadezhda Yevgenyevna
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the contribution pulsating compression component of the breast pump in total volume milk ejection by vacuum and compression stimuli. It was found that volume milk ejection together with vacuum and compression stimuli was on 10-46% more than expressing only vacuum stimuli. Average values 40,5 ± 5%, for expression only vacuum stimuli and 59,5 ± 5% for expression vacuum with compression stimuli. It was conclude that compression stimuli increase the efficacy of the breast pump is not only due to the effective formation milk ejection reflex, but also directly by an additional squeezing the milk from the breast.
Analysis of features gene polymorphism ABCB4 by NGS sequencing method in women of reproductive age with cholelithiasis
Authors: Ailamazyan Aglaia Nikolaevna , Semenov D U , Pakin Vladimir Semenovich , Danilova M M , Glotov Andrey Sergeevich , Baranov Vladislav Sergeevich
Published: April 2016

Analysis of ABCB4 gene in young women with cholelithiasis and relative story of gallstone disease was performed by NGS sequencing. The discovered “risk alleles” of this gene and their adverse haplotypes testify to ABCB4 participation in the development of cholelithiasis.
The characteristics of personal and psychological factors and mental condition of pregnant women with early toxemia
Authors: Vishnevskaya Ekaterina Evgen’evna , Mozgovaya Elena Vital’evna , Petrova Natalya Nikolaevna
Published: April 2016

The results of the study of the psyche of pregnant women with early toxicity as compared with healthy pregnant women. The connection between the development of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy with the presence of unresolved intrapersonal conflict, unfavorable types PKGD and immature psychological defense mechanisms. The contribution of the mental characteristics of the development of this obstetric pathology
Correction of vaginal dysbiosis with cavitated solution of chlorhexidine in the 1st trimester of pregnancy: effectiveness and safety
Authors: Voroshilina Ekaterina Sergeevna , Zornikov Danila Leonidovich , Plotko Evgeniy Eduardovich
Published: April 2016

Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes of vaginal microbiocenosis composition of pregnant women in first trimester after irrigation of the vagina with cavitated 0.05% solution of chlorhexidine and to find out if the following dotation of Lactobacillus spp. was needed. Materials and methods. 104 women planning induced termination of pregnancy in first trimester by vacuum aspiration were examined in order to estimate efficiency of vaginal microbiocenosis correction using irrigation of the vagina with cavitated 0.05% solution of chlorhexidine and to find out if the following dotation of Lactobacillus spp. was needed. All women had undergown irrigation of vagina and exocervix with 0.05% solution of chlorhexidine in order to prepare them for surgical abortion. Vaginal microbiocenosis before and after this procedure was evaluated by microscopy and real-time PCR (test Femoflor-16, DNA-Technology LLC, Moscow). Results. It was established that in patients with normocenosis the amount of Lactobacillus spp. decreased accordingly to the decrease of general bacterial load in the vagina at that the proportion of Lactobacillus spp. in microbiota stayed almost the same and was more than 90% in all examined women. In women with dysbiosis the decrease of general bacterial load in the vagina after irrigation with cavitated 0.05% solution of chlorhexidine happens mostly due to absolute and relative content of opportunistic microflora in microbiome. However initially low level of Lactobacillus does not allow reaching their optimal level after the first treatment stage. In these cases, the necessity of dotation of Lactobacillus spp. on the second stage of treatment is practically assured. Conclusions. The data demonstrated safety of use cavitated 0.05% solution of chlorhexidine for irrigation of the vagina in first trimester of pregnancy, that allow apply the method for prevention of infected complications before invasive procedure independently of primary composition of vaginal microbiota. Also this method demonstrated high effectiveness as approach for treatment of vaginal dysbiosis. However the continuing deficiency of lactobacilli requires their dotation on following stage.
Modern strategy of abdominal delivery
Authors: Aylamazyan Edvard Karpovich , Kuzminykh Tatiana Ulyanovna , Andreeva Victoriya Yuryevna , Selkov Sergey Alekseevich , Tral Tatiana Georgievna , Tolibova Gulruhsor Haybulloyevna
Published: April 2016

In recent decades, increasing rate of cesarean section became one of the most prominent problems of obstetrics, that raises a problem of management of the labor in women with uterine scar, related with high risk of maternal and fetal complications. Complete reparation of the myometrium after cesarean section is an actual issue. Development and implementation of materials influencing the reparative processes in the myometrium is the problem of current interest of modern obstetrics. «Collost» is one of the new generation materials based on unreconstructed type I collagen, which contributes to fibroblast activation and migration, new collagen fibers formation, migration of immunocompetent cells and endothelial cells, providing the formation of vasculature of operation wound zone, excluding chaotic growth of scar tissue.
Features experiences gynecological patients in the preoperative period
Authors: Bloch Mariya Evgenievna
Published: April 2016

The article presents study of the emotional and cognitive components of experiences gynecological patients in the preoperative period in order to allocate targets of psychological help to optimize the postoperative period and adaptation. Marked types of stress reactions, styles relations to illness, features depression and disturbing disorders in the study group.
Endothelial dysfunction in pathogenesis of preeclampsia
Authors: Makulova Maria Vladimirovna
Published: April 2016

Preeclampsia is a severe complication of 2-25 % of pregnancies. Causes and mechanisms of preeclampsia are still unclear. Researchers treat endothelial dysfunction like the main cause of pathological disturbances that determine the severity of preeclampsia clinical symptoms. The main objective of this review is to summarize the researches datas of endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia development.
Liver steatosis at women with obesity. The features of pregnancy
Authors: Rzaeva Roza Nuraddinovna , Mozgovaya Elena Vitalievna , Palgova Ljudmila Konstantinovna
Published: April 2016

The article presents the features of the course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese patients, the mechanisms of this pathology and the impact of this condition during pregnancy. Much attention is paid to disorders of fat metabolism, which contribute to a complicated course of gestation, increasing the possibility of development of placental insufficiency, miscarriages, preeclampsia and generally have a negative impact on perinatal outcomes. Modern diagnostics and correction of these disorders are discussed.
Halogen bonds involved in binding of halogenated ligands by protein kinases.
Authors: Poznański Jarosław , Winiewska Maria , Czapinska Honorata , Poznańska Anna , Shugar David
Published: April 2016

Analysis of 664 known structures of protein kinase complexes with halogenated ligands revealed 424 short contacts between a halogen atom and a potential protein X-bond acceptor, the topology and geometry of which were analyzed according to the type of a halogen atom (X = Cl, Br, I) and a putative protein X-bond acceptor. Among 236 identified halogen bonds, the most represented ones are directed to backbone carbonyls of the hinge region and may replace the pattern of ATP-like hydrogen bonds. Some halogen-π interactions with either aromatic residues or peptide bonds, that accompany the interaction with the hinge region, may possibly enhance ligand selectivity. Interestingly, many of these halogen-π interactions are bifurcated. Geometrical preferences identify iodine as the strongest X-bond donor, less so bromine, while virtually no such preferences were observed for chlorine; and a backbone carbonyl as the strongest X-bond acceptor. The presence of a halogen atom in a ligand additionally affects the properties of proximal hydrogen bonds, which according to geometrical parameters get strengthened, when a nitrogen of a halogenated ligand acts as the hydrogen bond donor.
LEA in Private: A Privacy and Data Protection Framework for a Learning Analytics Toolbox
Authors: Steiner Christina M. , Kickmeier-Rust Michael D. , Albert Dietrich
Published: April 2016

To find a balance between learning analytics research and individual privacy learning analytics initiatives need to appropriately address ethical, privacy and data protection issues and comply with relevant legal regulations. A range of general guidelines, model codes, and principles for handling ethical issues and for appropriate data and privacy protection exist, which may serve the consideration of these topics in a learning analytics context. The importance and significance of data security and protection are also reflected in national and international laws and directives, where data protection is usually considered as a fundamental right. Existing guidelines, approaches and relevant regulations served as a basis for elaborating a comprehensive privacy and data protection framework for the LEA’s BOX project. It comprises a set of eight principles to derive implications for ensuring an ethical treatment of personal data in a learning analytics platform and its services. The privacy and data protection policy set out in the framework is suitable to be used as best practice for other learning analytics projects.
A Data Protection Framework for Learning Analytics
Authors: Cormack Andrew Nicholas
Published: April 2016

Most studies on the use of digital student data adopt an ethical framework derived from human-studies research, based on the informed consent of the experimental subject. However consent gives universities little guidance on the use of learning analytics as a routine part of educational provision: which purposes are legitimate and which analyses involve an unacceptable risk of harm. Obtaining consent when students join a course will not give them meaningful control over their personal data three or more years later. Relying on consent may exclude those most likely to benefit from early interventions. This paper proposes an alternative framework based on European Data Protection law. Separating the processes of analysis (pattern-finding) and intervention (pattern-matching) gives students and staff continuing protection from inadvertent harm during data analysis; students have a fully informed choice whether or not to accept individual interventions; organisations obtain clear guidance: how to conduct analysis, which analyses should not proceed, and when and how interventions should be offered. The framework provides formal support for practices that are already being adopted and helps with several open questions in learning analytics, including its application to small groups and alumni, automated processing and privacy-sensitive data.
Antidiabetic Effect of Sargassum wightii and Ulva fasciata in High fat diet and Multi Low Dose Streptozotocin Induced Type 2 Diabetic Mice
Authors: Lucy Mohapatra  , Subrat Kumar Bhattamishra  , Ramachandra Panigrahy  , Sambit Parida  , Premalata Pati
Published: April 2016

This study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of edible seaweeds Sargassum wightii and Ulva fasciata with an objective to establish these seaweeds as add-on therapy for controlling diabetes. The ethyl acetate extract of Sargassum wightii (EAS) and Ulva fasciata (EAU) at 100 and 200 mg/kg dose was examined for antidiabetic activity in the high fat diet and multi-low-dose streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic mice. Plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT], lipid profile, liver and skeletal muscle glycogen content, triglycerides, superoxide dismutase [SOD], body and organ weight was estimated at the end of the study. Consequently, histopathology of liver was also studied. Both EAS and EAU showed significant reduction in plasma glucose level and the area under curve [AUC] of OGTT was significantly (p<0.001) attenuated. The extracts appreciably normalized lipid profile, body and organ weight. At higher doses of both EAS and EAU showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in SOD level of skeletal muscle and reduction in liver as well as skeletal muscle triglycerides. Both the extracts considerably enhanced hepatic and muscle glycogen content. Remarkable improvements were found in the histopathological observations of liver of all the treated groups as compared against the diabetes induced group. The findings suggest that these seaweeds offer a great opportunity to satisfy the food and nutrition requirement for rectifying and controlling diabetes.
AB Initio Structural Analysis on Envelope (E) Glycoprotein of Dengue Virus (DENV) Type 1-4
Authors: Venkataramanan S  , Noor Adurrah MFL  , Zulhabri O  , Kavitha K
Published: April 2016

Any serotypes of dengue virus (DENV), which are DENV1-4, may lead to dengue infections. DENV spread via mosquito vector, primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. DENV is one of the most prevalent viruses, which is causing dengue fever (DF), dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) that may be fatal. Currently, there are no antiviral drugs and effective vaccination available to combat DENV infections. Major component of DENV which plays the important role for viral binding to the receptor to induce the infection is an envelope (E) glycoprotein. The B-cell and T-cell epitopes for DENV1-4 are not yet determined. An effective vaccine against DENV infections should be a tetravalent vaccine that can counter-attack all four serotypes. Therefore, E glycoproteins of all four serotypes was chosen to be analyzed. Conserved regions were found in 100 sequences of each DENV serotype. Multiple sequence alignments was done to obtain consensus sequence. Multiple bioinformatics tools were used for prediction of B-cell and T-cell epitopes based on antigenicity, hydrophilicity, beta-turn, flexibility and surface accessibility. Secondary and tertiary structures of E glycoprotein for each serotypes were predicted and aligned. Complete analysis showed that predicted epitopes were located within conserved regions, and DENV2 showed the highest percentage of mutation rates and had the highest similarity to DENV1, DENV3 and DENV4.
IN VIVO AND IN VITRO IMMUNOMODULATORY AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF TOTAL FLAVONOIDS OF ASTRAGALUS
Authors: Guo Ze , Xu Hong-Yan , Xu Lu , Wang Sha-Sha , Zhang Xue-Mei , Zhang Xue-Mei
Published: April 2016

Background: Astragali Radix has long been used to improve immune function in traditional Chinese medicine. However, its main

active components and potential immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory activities have not been elucidated. In the present study,

the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of total flavonoids of Astragalus (TFA) isolated from Astragali Radix were

evaluated by using in vivo animal models and in vitro cell models.

Materials and Methods: The in vivo immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of TFA were assessed by measuring

macrophage phagocytic index, delayed type hypersensitivity, serum hemolysin level and immune organ index in mice, ear edema

test in mice, paw edema test in rats, vascular permeability test in mice and granuloma test in rats. The in vitro immunomodulatory

and anti-inflammatory activities of TFA were assessed by examining its effect on cytokine and mediator production in un-stimulated

and LPS-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Results: The results of in vivo experiments showed that TFA enhanced macrophage phagocytic index, delayed type hypersensitivity,

serum hemolysin level and immune organ index in mice, and attenuated mouse ear edema, rat paw edema, mouse vascular

permeability and rat granuloma formation. The results of in vitro experiments showed that TFA stimulated the production of NO and

cytokine TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ in un-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and inhibited the overproduction of these

inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner without exerting cytotoxicity.

Conclusion: These results of this study indicate that TFA have potential immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS OF THE METHANOL EXTRACT OF LEONOTIS NEPETIFOLIA LINN STEM IN MICE
Authors: Ayanwuyi Lydia Ojonemile , Kwanashie Helen O. , Hussaini Isa M. , Yaro Abdullahi H.
Published: April 2016

Background: Leonotis nepetifolia Linn (Lamiaceae) is used in traditional medicine for its calming (tranquilizing) effects. The aim of this

study was to determine whether there is any scientific justification for this use. To achieve this purpose, we investigated the behavioural

effects of the methanol extract of Leonotis nepetifolia stem (37.5, 75 and 150 mg/kg) in mice.

Methods: Acute toxicity studies were carried out on the methanol stem extract of Leonotis nepetifolia to determine the LD50. The

behavioural tests employed were diazepam-induced sleep onset and duration, hole board assay for exploratory activity, mouse beam walk

assay for motor coordination, and the staircase test for the detection of anxiolytic compounds. Preliminary phytochemical screening was

also carried out on the extract.

Results: The intraperitoneal LD50 value was found to be 3.8 g/kg. The results showed that the extract significantly prolonged the duration

of diazepam-induced sleep at the highest dose (150 mg/kg). There was no observable effect on exploratory activity and motor

coordination at the doses tested (37.5, 75 and 150 mg/kg). The extract, however, at 150 mg/kg elicited a significant decrease in the

number of rearings in the staircase test, an effect also observed in the group of mice injected with an anxiolytic dose of diazepam. The

preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, glycosides and triterpenoids.

Conclusion: The results obtained suggest that the crude methanol extract of Leonotis nepetifolia stem possesses some biologically active

constituents with potential anxiolytic activity and thus may justify its traditional use as a tranquilizer
THE EFFECTS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS ON PHENOLIC COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT METABOLISM IN CALLUS CULTURE OF COMMON DAISY
Authors: Pehlivan Karakas Fatma , Cingoz Gunce Sahin , Ucar Turker Arzu
Published: April 2016

Background: Exogenous pretreatment of oxidative stress on callus cultures of Bellis perennis L. (common daisy) induced catalase

(CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total phenolic, total flavonoid, total protein and selected commercial phenolic compounds

production and accumulation.

Materials and Methods: The callus culture obtained from B. perennis pedicel explants was incubated on Murashige and Skoog

medium (MS) containing 10 mM H2O2 or 0 mM H2O2 (for control group) for 10 hours. Twenty phenolic compounds (apigenin,

caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, genistein, kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, procyanidin-C1, quercetin, rutin hydrate,

vanillic acid, ferulic acid, salicylic acid, sinapic acid, chlorogenic acid, hesperedin, naringenin, rosmarinic acid and isorhamnetin)

were detected by LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis in methanolic extracts of 10 mM H2O2 and control treatments.

Results: A predominant phenolic compound was chlorogenic acid followed by rutin hydrate, caffeic acid, luteoline, isorhamnetin,

quercetin, myricetin, apigenin, p-coumaric acid and kaempferol. No gallic acid, genistein, procyanidin-C1, vanillic acid, sinapic

acid, hesperidin and naringenin were detected in H2O2 treatment and control groups of B. perennis. The total phenolic contents

estimated were in the order of H2O2 treatment (285.36 μg/g dw) and control (220.79 μg/g dw) groups. The biosynthesis and

accumulation of kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin and isorhamnetin were only determined in H2O2 treatment callus materials. The

H2O2 pretreatment clearly showed in a raise in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities. Finally, a significant positive

correlation between phenolic accumulation and comprehensive activities of CAT, SOD, total phenolic, total flavonoid and proline

was accessible.

Conclusion: The present results suggest that using H2O2 as an elicitor or a stimulant plays a significant enhancement role in special

phenolic molecules biosynthesis and activation of antioxidant metabolism on callus cultures of B. perennis.
IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY SCREENING OF XYLARIA HYPOXYLON
Authors: Canli Kerem , Akata Ilgaz , Altuner Ergin Murat
Published: April 2016

Background: Fungi have a potential of using both as nutritive and medicinal food stuff. Because of containing several therapeutic
agents, they are reported to be used for hundreds of years to treat several diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. The
aim of this study is to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Xylaria hypoxylon, which were collected from Yomra, Trabzon,
Turkey.
Materials and Methods: X. hypoxylon samples were air dried and extracted by using ethanol. Antimicrobial activity of X. hypoxylon
ethanol extracts were investigated against 21 bacterial and 2 fungal strains, namely, Bacillus subtilis DSMZ 1971, Bacillus subtilis
ATCC 6633, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida albicans DSMZ 1386, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Enterococcus
durans, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Escherichia coli CFAI, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, Listeria innocula, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSMZ 50071, Pseudomonas
fluorescence P1, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13075, Salmonella infantis, Salmonella kentucky, Salmonella typhimurium SL 1344,
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus carnosus MC1.B, Staphylococcus epidermidis DSMZ 20044 and Streptococcus
agalactiae DSMZ 6784 by using the disk diffusion method.
Results: It is observed that ethanol extracts of X. hypoxylon has antimicrobial activity against several Gram positive and Gram
negative microorganisms tested. As a result of the study, an antimicrobial activity of X. hypoxylon found against most of strains used
in the study.
Conclusion: The results of our study clearly puts forward that X. hypoxylon could have a possible medicinal use.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF GYMNOSPERMA GLUTINOSUM (SPRENG.) LESS. (ASTERACEAE) METHANOL EXTRACTS AGAINST HELICOBACTER PYLORI
Authors: Gomez-Flores Ricardo , Espinosa-Ramos David , Quintanilla-Licea Ramiro , BarrÃ³n- Gonzalez MarÃ­a Porfiria , Tamez-Guerra Patricia , Tamez-Guerra Reyes , Rodriguez-Padilla Cristina
Published: April 2016

Background: Prolonged use of antibiotics may lead to the selection of drug-resistant bacteria; as a result, efforts are being made to identify new and effective antimicrobial agents, particularly, from medicinal plants, against bacterial infections. Antimicrobial activity of Gymnosperma glutinosum against Helicobacter pylori has not yet been reported.

Materials and methods: The antibacterial in vitro effect of Gymnosperma glutinosum methanol leaf extracts against Helicobacter pylori (ATCC 43504) was evaluated in liquid medium by the colorimetric 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay and in solid medium by the colony forming units (CFU) method.

Results: Methanol extracts significantly (p
Well Integrity Estimation of Salt Cements with Application to Long Term Underground Storage Systems
Authors: Teodoriu Catalin , Asamba Peter , Ichim Adonis
Published: April 2016

The new quest for unconventional resources as well as underground storage sector (CO2, air and natural gas) is the achievement of well integrity which is highlighted by the inadequacy of conventional cementing procedures to provide zonal isolation. Knowledge of the mechanism of fatigue in cement and factors that affect it such as the magnitude of the load, strength and composition of the cement, mechanical properties of the cement and pattern of load cycles are important to achieve a realistic design of a cement system subjected to fatigue loading. Finite element investigations help engineers to assess the stress magnitude and evolution for a given well configuration, but when structural calculations for casing-cement system are required, missing input parameters reduce the quality of the results.

In order to obtain reliable data, extensive experimental work using Class G cement with and without salt addition has been performed in order to measure the principal parameters for mechanical structural calculations: compressive and tensile strength, Young modulus, Poison Ratio. The data was measured under room conditions and elevated temperature and pressure. The results were also extrapolated for a time period beyond 60 days. The obtained data is also compared with published values. Several SPE papers showed that excellent data inventory for well cement is needed when mechanical studies on cement, like finite element studies, are required.

This paper will focus on various cement properties required to succsesfull cement an underground storage well by showing the effects of salt concentration on class G cements used as a reference. The results will help fill gaps in the knowledge about the behavior and reliability of NaCl salt cement slurry in cementing jobs by providing extensive data to perform mechanical and rheological calculations. It will similarly aid in the optimization of cement design and represents a source of input data for numerical simulations of well cement performance.

We were able to establish/prove a relationship between salt content and permeability and, moreover, to show that fresh water in contact with set cement may massively change the porosity of the cement. For the first time, public reliable cement properties are systematically collated and compared.
Temperature Transient Analysis of Slightly Compressible, Single-Phase Reservoirs
Authors: Onur Mustafa , Çinar Murat
Published: April 2016

This paper presents new semilog-straight line and temperature-derivative methods (similar to pressure-derivative method commonly used in pressure transient analysis) for interpreting and analyzing temperature transient data from constant-rate drawdown and buildup tests conducted in infinite-acting reservoirs containing slightly compressible fluid of constant compressibility and viscosity. The procedures are based on the analytical solutions accounting for Joule-Thomson (J-T) heating/cooling, adiabatic fluid expansion, conduction and convection effects. The development of the analytical solutions is based on the fact that the effects of temperature changes on pressure transient data can be neglected so that the pressure diffusivity and thermal energy balance equations can be decoupled. The analytical solutions are verified by and are found in excellent agreement with the solutions of a commercial non-isothermal reservoir simulator. It is shown that drawdown and buildup sandface temperature data may exhibit three infinite-acting radial flow (IARF) periods (represented by semilog equations); one at early times reflecting the adiabatic expansion/compression effects, second at intermediate times reflecting the J-T expansion in the skin zone if skin exists, and the third one at late times reflecting J-T expansion effects in the nonskin zone. Performing semilog analyses based on these IARF regimes gives estimates of permeability of skin and nonskin zones as well as radius of the skin zone assuming that the J-T coefficient of the fluid and viscosity is known. Parameters such as skin zone permeability and radius are not readily accessible from conventional pressure transient analysis from which only the skin factor and non-skin zone permeability can be obtained. The applicability of the proposed analysis procedure is demonstrated by considering synthetic and field test data. The results indicate that the analysis procedure provides reliable estimates of skin zone and non-skin zone permeabilities and skin zone radius from drawdown or buildup temperature data jointly with pressure data.
Utilization of Time-Lapse Seismic Data to Semi Quantify Residual Oil Saturation by Karhunen-Loeve Transform and Neural Artificial Network during CSS
Authors: Yang Sheng , Ji Dongqi , Gui Zhixian , Chen Zhangxin , Zhong Liguo
Published: April 2016

Due to the nature of Cyclic steam stimulation (CSS), a steam chamber generated by CSS is not as consistent and detectable as SAGD's (steam assisted gravity drainage) one, which makes it challenging to predict the residual oil distribution and steam-unswept zones. Time-lapse seismic are a valuable and important method to monitor steam injection and soaking. During CSS process, rock-fluid densities and velocities are changed significantly during steam injection and oil production. These changes make time-lapse seismic monitoring feasible. The previous approaches were mainly about fluid contact determination, steam chamber supervision and field history matching. In this study, a new method using time-lapse seismic attribute differences is developed to semi quantify residual oil saturation and determine steam-unswept zones during thermal recovery.

Twenty seismic attributes derived from time-lapse seismic data, which can sensitively reflect oil saturation changing, are selected as basic seismic attributes to quantify fluid saturation changes. The relationship between fluid properties and seismic attributes is complex and ambiguous. Only one seismic attribute difference between base data and monitored data is insufficient to reflect reservoir properties changes during thermal recovery process. In order to improve the accuracy of prediction, combinations of multiple seismic attributes differences are used to reflect rock-fluid properties changes such as oil saturation changes. The Karhunen-Loeve Transform is applied to squeeze twenty attributes into four new attributes by eliminating attributes correlation. Based on generated seismic attributes, the artificial neural network is implemented to illustrate the oil saturations changes, which is also constrained by the measured fluid reservoir data.

Four attribute differences are tested to demonstrate the oil saturation changes. The best result only can partially match field production data. However, the residual oil saturation distribution generated by the proposed method can match the majority features of the field production data. This approach provides a reliable and valuable way to help operators monitor a CSS process and design infill well drilling.