bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age of the Gachsaran Formation and equivalent formations in the Middle East based on Foraminifera
Authors: Sakhavati Behnam , Yousefirad Mostaa , Majidifard Mahmoud Reza , Solgi Ali , Maleki Zahra
Published: March 2022

The Gachsaran Formation from the Fars Group has a vast extent in Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Qatar (Dam Formation). It extends from the Zagros Folded Belt Zone in the south of Iran to the north of Iraq, and even to northeast Syria (Fatha Formation). In order to eliminate the ambiguities of the proposed age and cover the regional information misplacements in cases where biostratigraphy studies can be effective, surface outcrops of these deposits were investigated in three stratigraphic sections near the border of Iran and Iraq, in the area behind the mountains of the Lurestan region (Posht-e-Kuh arc). According to similar results obtained in two other sections, the age of the Gachsaran Formation in the studied region is considered to be Early Miocene (Late Burdigalian). Comparison of the results of this study with biostratigraphic studies from other parts of the Middle East, which includes 16 study areas, shows that the Gachsaran Formation in Iran and its equivalent formations (Fatha and Dam) in neighboring countries have an age range of early Miocene (Aquitanianâ€“Burdigalian) and even Burdigalian. This age has been determined by comparing the biological contents of the Gachsaran Formation with valid official biozones, as well as the presence of the index fossil Borelis melo curdica, to cover the information gap in the area. Isotopic studies of these sections in the region show that the maximum age of these sediments is early Miocene (Burdigalian), and this confirms the results of biostratigraphic studies.
Capacity utilization of the container terminal as multiphase service system
Authors: Babeli Karla
Published: March 2022

A container terminal can be defined as a mass service system in which a multiphase service processes takes place. The terminal consists of three subsystems: quayside, yard and gate. In this paper, queuing theory as one of the operational research method is been used, to determine indicators of functioning the service system on the example of the container terminal of the port of Rijeka. Applying the queueing theory, the service phases that represent a bottleneck can be determined, as well as the phases in which the largest capacity surpluses are located. Finally, based on the current capacities the optimal turnover of the terminal was provided, without congestions and with the highest degree of terminal utilization. The basic conclusion is that the capacity of the system is limited by the capacity of the subsystem that has the smallest capacity, and in this case it is gate/truck and train operation area.
Racismo por omissão e luta antirracista:
Authors: Abreu de Oliveira Evelyn Talisa , Diniz Peixoto Rodrigo Corrêa
Published: March 2022

A extinção legal do sistema de escravidão no Brasil não deu fim à classificação racial existente. Em outras palavras, não representou o fim da exploração nem da dominação sobre determinados sujeitos. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo consiste em fomentar uma discussão teórica sobre uma das formas pelas quais o racismo atua em nossos dias e, por outro lado, como a resistência também é construída. Este artigo corresponde a um recorte de dissertação de mestrado, cuja investigação trata sobre a atualização da luta antirracista no município de Benevides, no Pará. Tem como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica e os princípios da pesquisa-ação. Dentre as referências estão: Abdias Nascimento (2016), Aluizio Marino (2013;2015), Aníbal Quijano (1992;2005;2009), Frantz Fanon (2008), Grada Kilomba (2019), Lélia Gonzalez (2020) e Nilma Lino Gomes (2017). Como resultado apontamos a contribuição para o debate antirracista, a partir de uma experiência histórica específica. Conclui-se a necessidade de olhar para o outro lado da repressão, isto é, a resistência, a fim de enfatizar que, se a relação de dominação é atualizada, as formas de resistências também são.
Memória coletiva, escrita e Estado
Authors: Bao Carlos Eduardo
Published: March 2022

Este artigo analisa o uso estratégico atual da memória coletiva – entendida como filosofia e ensino dos idosos e das idosas – como prática decolonial para recuperar, fortalecer, reposicionar e reconstruir a existência como direito ancestral. Como mostrado pelos autores, tal prática esforça-se para devolver a palavra, questionar a ordem atual imposta desde o Estado e agir na contramão da desterritorialização e a dispersão ancestral e sociocultural que ameaçam a existência como vida.
An Initial Logic Model to Guide OpenSciEd Research: Updated Version
Authors: McElhaney Kevin , Baker Anthony , Chillmon Carly , Kasad Zareen , Liberman Babe , Roschelle Jeremy
Published: March 2022

This white paper supports an ongoing effort to define a research agenda and catalyze a research community around the OpenSciEd curriculum materials. Rigorous research on these materials is needed in order to answer questions about the equitable design of instructional materials, impacts on student learning, effective and equitable classroom teaching practices, teacher professional development approaches, and models for school adoption that address the diverse needs of historically marginalized students in STEM. Research findings have the potential to advance the knowledge, skills, and practices that will promote key student, teacher, and system outcomes. The research agenda stands to accelerate the research timeline and stimulate a broad range of research projects addressing these critical needs. To support the collaborative development and activation of the research agenda, we outline an initial logic model for OpenSciEd. The logic model can shape research efforts by clarifying intended relationships among (1) the principles, commitments, and key affordances of OpenSciEd; (2) the components of OpenSciEd and how they are implemented and supported in classrooms, schools, districts, and states; and (3) the desired outcomes of OpenSciEd.
Pengembangan Pendidikan Tinggi Melalui Budaya Learning Organization Era Society 5.0
Authors: Asih Puji Hastuti
Published: March 2022

Memasuki era society 5.0 organisasi khususnya perguruan tinggi harus segera memilih terobosan baru terkait inovasi dalam segala aspek baik dari sisi teknologi informasi (IT), cara operasional, sistem kerja, penilaian kinerja, virtual team work, virtual leadership dan lainnya.  Pengembangan pendidikan tinggi mutlak dilakukan jika organisasi ingin tetap survive dan bisa bersaing dengan para kompetitornya. Budaya learning organization penting dimiliki agar organisasi mampu beradaptasi pada perubahan sebagai sarana belajar dan terus memperbaiki diri secara berkelanjutan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk  membahas strategi pengembangan organisasi khususnya pendidikan tinggi dengan menggunakan konsep learning organization dalam rangka menghadapi era society 5.0. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa inovasi merupakan kunci utama agar pendidikan tinggi mampu merubah mekanisme yang dimiliki melalui budaya learning organization menciptakan layanan pendidikan berbasis teknologi.
INVESTIGATION OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE PRACTICES AS MODERATOR BETWEEN THE RELATIONSHIP OF WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT AND SATISFACTION AMONG FACULTY STAFF OF OMAN
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Arul Dr. Premkumar , Tummala Dr. Mallesh
Published: March 2022

In the current competitive academic environment, work-family conflict among faculty members is very common. The higher educational institutes adopt various policies and practices to enable staff to overcome such work-family conflict. One common strategy is work-life balance practices (WLB). In the present study, the effects of work-family conflict and its employee outcomes are investigated with moderating role of WLB. By design, the study is cross-sectional and survey-based. The sampling method is used to collect data from selected HEI staff in Oman (n=138). The analysis is based on two stages including Confirmatory Factor Analysis for establishing reliability and validity of the measures involved; and path analysis for hypotheses testing. The key findings are that work-family conflict exert a negative and significant influence on satisfaction towards family life (Beta=-.214, P<.05); and satisfaction towards work-life (Beta=-.237, P<.05). Furthermore, WLB positively influences satisfaction towards family life (Beta=.323, P<.05); and satisfaction towards work-life (Beta=.275, P<.05). Additionally, moderation analysis shows that WLB significantly moderate the work-family conflict and satisfaction relationship. Based on these findings, we conclude that WLB is important for faculty staff and must be offered.
 Keywords: Work-Life Balance, Family, Work, Conflict, Faculty, Higher Education, Oman.
THE COURSE OF FUNDAMENTALS OF REMOTE SENSING FOR EDUCATORS OF JUNIOR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE
Authors: Babiichuk S. M. , Tomchenko O. V.
Published: March 2022

This paper discusses the background and presents the results of the first in Ukraine advanced training course for educators in Remote Sensing, “Fundamentals of Remote Sensing: History and Practice”, organized by the Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing Laboratory of the National Center, “Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”. The Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is a system of extracurricular education committed to the development and implementation of science education techniques. Currently, the Academy has more than 250,000 students working in 64 scientific areas. In 2018, the Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine received the status of Category 2 Science Education Center under the auspices of UNESCO and joined the network of Copernicus Academies. The Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine has been promoting the application of satellite imagery in education for over ten years. One of the outputs of this activity is the advanced training course for educators. This paper describes the online training course that was held in spring 2021. The course was open to all interested teachers. 21 educators from 11 Oblasts of Ukraine have completed the training course. The majority of the course participants were teachers of Geography. Environmental science, biology, chemistry, physics, and computer science experts have also participated in the training course. In addition, the course participants included four associate professors and two professors from higher educational institutions, and one PhD in Geography. From a gender perspective, 66.6 % of the registered course participants were female and 33.3 % — male. The effectiveness of the course was evaluated based on the participants’ responses collected in two surveys and a concluding interview. The paper describes the stages of special course organization, topics, and tools used in the lectures and case studies, including an overview of the data sources, such as EO Browser, ArcGIS Online, and Google Earth, etc. The paper presents a detailed description of one of the hands-on case studies of water bodies in EO Browser.
Characterization of alteration minerals in Deception Island (Antarctica): implications for the dynamics of the current hydrothermal system
Authors: Arasanz Raquel , Vilanova Oriol , Geyer Adelina , Aulinas Meritxell , Ibañez-Insa Jordi , Álvarez-Valero Antonio M. , Albert Helena , Prieto-Ballesteros Olga
Published: March 2022

Hydrothermal systems, commonly developed in volcanic calderas, play an important role on the type and location of the post-caldera volcanic activity. The hydrothermal alteration and mineral precipitation can modify the physical properties and mechanical behaviour of the affected rocks, with the progressive alteration facilitating the occurrence of phreatic or hydrothermal explosive eruptions. Deception Island (South Shetland Islands) is one of the most active volcanoes in Antarctica, with more than 20 eruptions and three documented unrest periods over the past two centuries. The island consists of a composite volcano with an 8.5 x 10 km centrally located caldera dated at c. 8,300 years, according to paleomagnetic data, and 3,980 ± 125 calibrated years before the present (cal yr BP) based on tephrochronology, sedimentological studies and 14C dating. After the caldera-forming event, volcanic activity has been characterized by monogenetic magmatic and phreatomagmatic eruptions located around the caldera rim. Also, a hydrothermal system developed in the Port Foster area, although no detailed study has been done so far. The aim of this work is to shed further light in the dynamics of Deception Island hydrothermal system by studying several representative samples of magmatic rocks. A detailed petrographic study and a characterization of primary and secondary minerals have been carried out. The presence of secondary minerals and the palagonite alteration in the Fumarole Bay Formation suggest that the alteration of the samples took place under conditions of low water/rock ratios, basic pH and temperatures below 200 °C. The secondary minerals from the Basaltic Shield Formation samples may be indicative of fluids with temperatures higher than 200 °C and richer in CO2. Finally, the physical changes observed in the samples of this study lead to the conclusion that the investigated areas of the Fumarole Bay Formation are more likely to host hydrothermal or phreatic explosive eruptions, compared to the Basaltic Shield Formation zones.

This research is part of POLARCSIC research initiatives and was partially funded by the MINECO grants POSVOLDEC(CTM2016-79617-P)(AEI/FEDER-UE) and VOLGASDEC (PGC2018-095693-B-I00)(AEI/FEDER, UE) and the grant PID2020-114876GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and, as appropriate, by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, by the “European Union” or by the “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”. This research is also supported by the PREDOCS-UB grant.
Estimating suspended sediment concentration, fluxes and loads of sediment-associated chemical constituents using a submerged spectrophotometer
Authors: Martínez-Carreras Núria , Lake Niels F. , Sehgal Dhruv , Hissler Christophe , Collins Adrian L.
Published: March 2022

Sediments are known to be a vector for nutrient and contaminant transfer because many substances partition preferentially to fine-grained sediment rather than remaining in solution. Despite the need to obtain reliable information on suspended sediment chemical composition, studies and monitoring programmes are often hampered by the difficulties associated with sampling, and by analytical costs. This, in turn, restricts high frequency sampling campaigns to a limited number of events and reduces the accuracy of the estimated fluxes and yields of sediment-associated chemical constituents.

Over the past decade, progress in environmental monitoring and analytics has increasingly facilitated the collection of hydro-chemical data at high frequency using in-situ sensors (e.g., minutes). However, sensors to estimate sediment-associated chemical constituents are limited. Here, we propose the use of submerged spectrophotometers, which measure absorbance in the UV-VIS range, to predict sediment mineralogical composition, major and trace elements and colour. Submerged spectrophotometers have already been successfully used to predict mean particle size and sediment carbon content. In this study, we assess the performance of several regression models that relate light absorbance measurements with suspended sediment properties. To this end, spectrophotometers were installed at five different sites across Luxembourg. Preliminary results show that spectrophotometers allow simultaneous assessment of various sediment constituents and/or properties at high frequency, suggesting their deployment can assist in the estimation of reliable fluxes and yields of sediment-associated substances.
A profile through fast-spreading oceanic crust in the Oman ophiolite: reference frame for the crustal drillings within the ICDP Oman Drilling Project 
Authors: Koepke Jürgen , Garbe-Schönberg Dieter , Mock Dominik , Müller Samuel
Published: March 2022

The Oman Ophiolite is the largest and best-investigated piece of ancient oceanic lithosphere on our planet. This ophiolite was target of the Oman Drilling Project (OmanDP) within the frame of ICDP (International Continental Scientific Drilling Program) which aimed to establish a comprehensive drilling program in order to understand essential processes related to the geodynamics of mid-ocean ridges, as magmatic formation, cooling/alteration by seawater-derived fluids, and the weathering with focus on the carbonatisation of peridotites.

Over two drilling seasons, the OmanDP has sampled the Samail Ophiolite sequence from crust to basal thrust. The total cumulative drilled length is 5458 m, with 3221 m of which was at 100% recovery. These cores were logged to IODP standards aboard the Japanese drilling vessel Chikyu during two description campaigns in summer 2017 and 2018. 

Here we present the main results of the working groups of the Universities Hannover and Kiel, focusing on the magmatic accretion of the Oman paleoridge. During 5 field campaigns these groups established a 5 km long profile through the whole crust of the Oman ophiolite by systematic outcrop sampling, providing the reference frame for the 400 m long OmanDP drill cores. The profile contains 463 samples from the mantle, through gabbros up to the dike/gabbro transition. Identical samples have been analyzed by several methods (bulk rock geochemistry, mineral analysis, Isotope geochemistry, EBSD analysis).

The results allow implication on the mechanism of accretion of fast-spreading lower oceanic crust. Depth profiles of mineral compositions combined with petrological modeling reveal insights into the mode of magmatic formation of fast-spreading lower oceanic crust, implying a hybrid accretion mechanism. The lower two thirds of the crust, mainly consisting of layered gabbros, formed via the injection of melt sills and in situ crystallization. Here, upward moving fractionated melts mixed with more primitive melts through melt replenishments, resulting in a slight but distinct upward differentiation trend. The upper third of the gabbroic crust is significantly more differentiated, in accord with a model of downward differentiation of a primitive parental melt originated from the axial melt lens located at the top of the gabbroic crust. Our hybrid model for crustal accretion requires a system to cool the deep crust, which was established by hydrothermal fault zones, initially formed on-axis at very high temperatures.
Fjord sedimentary signature of the last surging phase of Pio XI Glacier (Chilean Patagonia)
Authors: Piret Loic , Bertrand Sebastien , Moffat Carlos
Published: March 2022

Proglacial sediments hold continuous and high-resolution records of past glacier dynamics. In this study, we examine the sediments of Eyre Fjord (Chilean Patagonia, 49°S), which is fed by Pio XI Glacier, to gain a better understanding of how the surging phase of a growing glacier is recorded in marine sediments. Pio XI Glacier has experienced a net advance of >10 km since 1945 and has had several surging phases that each last 2 – 3 years and occur every ~14 years. The last reported surging phases happened between 1976 – 1979, 1997 – 1998, and 2014 – 2018. Thirty CTD profiles taken in the fjord along one longitudinal and three transverse transects in February 2019 show that sediment transfer through the fjord during a quiescent (i.e., non-surging) phase in summer primarily happens by means of widespread (unchannelised) hyperpycnal flows that are 20 – 100 m thick. To assess spatiotemporal variability in sedimentation throughout the fjord, nine sediment cores were collected in 2019. Concentrations of short-lived radionuclides suggest a sedimentation rate of 3 – 20 cm/year. Sediment grain size and magnetic susceptibility, (CT) density, and inorganic geochemistry (Fe, Ti, K, Mn, Zr, Zn, Rb, Sr), which were obtained at higher resolution, were used as proxies for hydrodynamic conditions in the fjord. The longest sediment record holds fine glacial mud and low density sediments between 135 – 70 cm and in the upper 10 cm, which indicate relatively low hydrodynamic activity, likely corresponding to the quiescent phases before 2014 after 2018. Between 70 cm and 10 cm, the overall denser and coarser sediments intercalated with cm-thick sandy layers indicate higher hydrodynamic activity and flood events, most likely representing the most recent (2014 – 2018) surging phase of the glacier. Interestingly, the thickest and coarsest flood deposits seem to be concentrated at the top of the sediment unit that represents the surging phase suggesting that the floods are the most intense towards the end of the surging phase. Overall, these results show that quiescent and surging phases of surge-type glaciers leave distinct sedimentary signatures in fjord sediments, offering the possibility to use longer sediment records to identify former surging phases.
Facilitating Multi-Disciplinary Research via Integrated Access to the Seismological Data & Product Services of EPOS Seismology
Authors: Haslinger Florian , Ottemöller Lars , Cauzzi Carlo , Custodio Susana , Bossu Rémy , Michelini Alberto , Cotton Fabrice , Crowley Helen , Danciu Laurentiu , Molinari Irene , Parolai Stefano
Published: March 2022

The European Plate Observing System EPOS is the single coordinated framework for solid Earth science data, products and services on a European level. As one of the science domain structures within EPOS, EPOS Seismology brings together the three large European infrastructures in seismology: ORFEUS for seismic waveform data & related products, EMSC for parametric earthquake information, and EFEHR for seismic hazard and risk information. Across these three pillars, EPOS Seismology provides services to store, discover and access seismological data and products from raw waveforms to elaborated hazard and risk assessment.

ORFEUS, EMSC and EFEHR are community initiatives / infrastructures that each have their own history, structure, membership, governance and established mode of work (including data sharing and distribution practices), developed in parts over decades. While many institutions and individuals are engaged in more than one of these initiatives, overall the active membership is quite distinct. Also, each of the initiatives has different connections to and interactions with other international organisations. Common to all is the adoption and promotion of recognized international standards for data, products and services originating from wider community organisations (e.g. FDSN, IASPEI, GEM), and the active participation in developing those further or creating new ones together with the community.     

In this presentation we will briefly review the history and development of the three initiatives and discuss how we set up EPOS Seismology as a joint coordination framework within EPOS. We will highlight issues encountered on the way and those that we are still trying to solve in our attempt to create and operate a coordinated research infrastructure that appropriately serves the needs of today’s scientific community. Among those issues is also the ‘timeliness’ of data and products: while a number of services offer almost-real-time access to newly available information at least in theory, this comes with various downstream implications that are currently actively discussed. We also cover the envisaged role of EPOS Seismology in supporting international multi-disciplinary activities that require and benefit from harmonized, open, and interoperable data, products, services and facilities from the waveform, catalogue and hazard / risk domains of seismology.
Simultaneous modelling of flare-accelerated electrons at the Sun and in the heliosphere
Authors: Pallister Ross , Jeffrey Natasha
Published: March 2022

The energy released during a solar flare is efficiently transferred to energetic non-thermal particles, though the exact plasma properties of the acceleration region and the importance of individual acceleration mechanisms is not fully understood. Non-thermal acceleration of electrons in the solar atmosphere is observed from two main sources: in-situ detection of solar energetic electrons (SEEs) in interplanetary space and remote observation of high-energy emission (e.g. X-rays, radio) at the Sun itself. While these two populations are widely studied individually, a common flare-associated acceleration region has not been established. If such a region were to exist, its properties would also need to be determined based on both remote and in-situ observations.

We present preliminary results of a parameter search of the plasma properties and possible acceleration processes in a common solar acceleration region and compare the results of precipitating and escaping electrons. The number density, plasma temperature and the size of the acceleration region itself, as well as properties such as turbulence leading to acceleration, are variable parameters in a transport model code including collisional and non-collisional processes, simulating electrons in the Solar atmosphere and heliosphere. The results of these simulations produce electron time profiles, pitch-angle distributions and energy spectra at the Sun (corona and chromosphere), at 1 AU and other heliospheric locations with which to compare directly with observational data from modern instruments including those mounted on Solar Orbiter.  

The ultimate goal of this study is to model the precipitating and escaping electron populations and compare the resultant properties with observations of solar events where both remote and in-situ observations are available. With this forward modelling approach, we aim to constrain the plasma properties and transport effects present in the solar atmosphere and heliosphere.
Environmental hazard quantification toolkit based on modular numerical simulations
Authors: Tranter Morgan , Steding Svenja , Otto Christopher , Pyrgaki Konstantina , Hedayatzadeh Mansour , Sarhosis Vasilis , Koukouzas Nikolaos , Louloudis Georgios , Roumpos Christos , Kempka Thomas
Published: March 2022

Comprehensive risk assessments for subsurface utilisation projects such as in-situ coal conversion, deep geothermal energy, geological storage, and waste disposal are implemented to a limited extent in common practice. The impacts of subsurface processes on environmental hazards (e.g., migration of groundwater-borne contaminants, induced seismicity, and subsidence) are often convoluted and therefore not trivially to predict. Furthermore, decisions on project feasibilities are commonly based on expert knowledge subject to non-standardised approaches. However, an objectively and transparently developed risk assessment is imperative for a publicly accepted, long-term economic and environmentally friendly design of future subsurface utilisation.

We propose a new environmental hazard quantification framework based on modular simulations. The aim is to create a uniform basis for both project developers and authorities to carry out risk analyses. The approach streamlines state-of-the-art numerical models [1,2], accounting for multiphase flow, geomechanics, geochemistry, and heat transport, to determine the likelihood and severity of hazards. The method uses the results of the computational expensive Monte Carlo simulations of each module to train gradient boosting machine learning algorithms. These surrogate models facilitate loose coupling within the framework and a seamless integration into a graphical user interface for demonstrating hazard probability distributions.

The approach was applied to two example study areas with complex geological settings as part of a risk assessment for in-situ coal conversion. A substantial rock volume is extracted during this operation, and a contaminant pool is potentially left behind, which may put the environment at risk. With our presented approach, the shortcoming of using conceptually simplified models are substantially reduced, since subsurface complexities are accounted for. The transparency of the assessment basis should generally increase the acceptance of geoengineering projects, which is considered one of the crucial aspects for the further development and dissemination of geological subsurface utilisation.

[1] Hedayatzadeh et al.: Ground subsidence and fault reactivation during in-situ coal conversion assessed by numerical simulations, EGU22, https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU22/EGU22-11736.html, 2022.
[2] Kempka et al.: Probability of contaminant migration from abandoned in-situ coal conversion reactors, EGU22, https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU22/EGU22-11204.html, 2022.
Numerical simulation and experimental validation of the air-water flow in a Hydraulic Test Bench
Authors: Driss Zied , Rahal Khadija , Lajnef Mariem , Salah Abid Mohamed , Valyrakis Manousos
Published: March 2022

Air-water flow interfaces around and over most hydraulic structures are complex, yet of crucial importance for safeguarding society and the resilience of the built environment. In this context, the present research work reports a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology to accurately predict the complex air-water flow in a large-scale hydraulic test bench. It focuses on the potential of the volume of fluid (VOF) model to predict the free water surface evolution. The simulations were performed using the commercial software ANSYS Fluent 17.0, which utilized a three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations in the unsteady flow regime. The Standard k-ɛ turbulence model was used, and the finite volume method was considered. The numerical uncertainty was quantified by the grid convergence index (GCI) method. The numerical results were found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental data.

Keywords: CFD, Turbulent Flows, Air-water flows, Hydraulic test bench.
Halo Size Around Shallow Cumulus Clouds in the Large Eddy simulations
Authors: Gu Jian-Feng , Plant Bob , Holloway Christopher , Clark Peter
Published: March 2022

The halo region, defined as the moist buffering region without cloud liquid water, is critical for the interplay between the cloud and the environment and also has non-negligible impact on radiation, but yet lacks enough attention. This study systematically investigates how the relative humidity in the halo region decays outward to match the environmental relative humidity using high resolution large eddy simulations. A noval algorithm is developed to examine the composite structure outside the clouds. It is found that, whatever the horizontal resolution is, the distribution of relative humidity in the halo region does not depend on the size of cloud, but on the real distance away from the cloud boundary. With finer horizontal resolution, the relative humidity decays outward much more quickly. The halo size converges when the horizontal resolution is no larger than 50 m. The buoyancy length scale can explain the dependency of halo size on model resolution.  Sensitivity simulations indicate that these findings are not sensitive to the details of the sub-grid turbulence scheme and the advection schemes. Analyses of autocorrelation length scales and Lagrangian trajectories further shed light on how the halo regions at different vertical levels are connected. Our results can help improve the definition of near cloud environment in the bulk plume model in convection parameterization and also provide evidence to improve the understanding of both dynamical and radiative impact from the cloud-aerosol-environment interactions.
Biochar and metal-organic framework nanocomposite: Application for immobilization of Cu in polluted industrial soil 
Authors: Bayero Muhammad Tukur , Mazarji Mahmoud , Bauer Tatiana , Minkina Tatiana , Sushkova Svetlana , Mandzhieva Saglara , Timofeeva Anna , Kızılkaya Rıdvan , Gülser Coşkun
Published: March 2022

Mobilization of heavy metal ions has increasingly become a serious environmental issue globally, in the contaminated soils, calling for an urgent need to find environmentally friendly materials. With the continuing maturation of research on using biochar (BC) for the remediation of contaminated soil, compositing metal-organic framework (MOF), which is a highly crystalline porous material, has gradually attracted increasing attention. Compared with BC, BC-MOF has unique underexplored potential as an amendment for immobilization of heavy metal ions, including a high specific surface area and a large number of individual functional groups. The efficacy of BC-MOF for immobilization of toxic heavy metal contaminants in soil systems was investigated in the small leaching columns. The amendments (except BC) decreased the water-soluble and exchangeable content of Cu in Technosol compared to the unpolluted soil. The presence of MOF on the BC surface contributed to the higher immobilization efficacy, which was probably due to the synergistic effects among them. The mechanism of the immobilization process on BC-MOF was proposed. The obtained results highlight the promise of utilizing BC-MOF as a remediation material for Cu immobilization in the soil.

The research was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation project on the development of the Young Scientist Laboratory (no. LabNOTs-21-01AB) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 19-34-60041 and 19-29-05265.
Ammonia Sensing with a Gain Switched Frequency Comb of 100 MHz Free Spectral Range using Off-Axis Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Ruth Albert A. , Chandran* Satheesh , Martin Eamonn P. , Rosado Alejandro , Soderholm Erik P. , Alexander Justin K. , Peters Frank H. , Anandarajah Prince M.
Published: March 2022

The usefulness of the equally spaced, phase-coherent, narrow-band spectral lines of a frequency combs (FC) for spectroscopy has long been recognized for applications in gas-phase sensing. Among the different type of frequency combs the gain switching of commercially available semiconductor lasers in the near IR has recently gained interest due to the simplicity and flexibility of this approach [1, 2]. In this study we present a custom-designed gain-switched frequency comb (GSFC) with a small free spectral range of merely 100 MHz [3]. This GSFC was passively coupled to a medium finesse (F = 520) cavity in off-axis configuration for the detection of ammonia (14NH3) in static dry air [4]. The absorption of ammonia was measured between 6604.5 and 6606.0 cm-1 using a Fourier transform spectrometer. More than 60 lines of the GSFC overlapped with the strongest ro-vibrational ammonia absorption features in that spectral region. With the cavity in off-axis configuration, an NH3 detection limit of ~5 ppmv in 20 s was accomplished in a static laboratory environment. The characterization and experimental performance of the GSFC and prototype spectrometer are presented in this contribution together with a discussion of the corresponding technical advantages and drawbacks, as well as the potential for alternative future applications.

Acknowledgement

This publication has emanated from research supported in part by Grants from Science Foundation Ireland with the numbers 21/FFP-A/8973, 15/CDA/3640, and 14/TIDA/2415. Financial support by Enterprise Ireland’s Commercialization Fund (CF 2017 0683) is also gratefully acknowledged.

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Soil organic carbon stocks in climatic and soil regions of Turkey mapped by a pedology-based GIS procedure
Authors: Zucca Claudio ,   SOC in Turkish Landscapes international team
Published: March 2022

An original GIS-based procedure was developed to map SOC stocks across four study areas representing different bioclimatic regions of Turkey, Northeastern Anatolia (NEA), Thrace (THR), Central Anatolia (CA), and Southeastern Anatolia (SEA), over a total surface of around 148,000 km2. A dataset of 4151 georeferenced topsoil (0-20 cm) soil organic carbon (SOC) point samples was used, along with climate, soil type, and land cover maps.

C-Stock maps were elaborated independently in each study region. Average C-Stock values were assigned to “landscape” polygon units representing combinations of WRB soil type, land cover, and climate, based on the point data included in such units. The obtained values were extrapolated to similar landscape units for which point data were not available. This procedure allowed highlighting the effects on soil carbon of contemporary land cover. The effects of past and recent land use were incorporated by acquiring historical information on land management in traditional landscape systems (Anthroscapes) and its contribution to preserve the current soil carbon reserves. The overall total calculated C-Stock was 486.8 Tg with an average value of 31.5 Mg ha-1. Average SOC stock values per hectare were highest (47.1 Mg ha-1) in the cool-humid NEA, lowest (22.1 Mg ha-1) in the semi-arid SEA, and moderately low (27.3 and 25.6 Mg ha-1) in the dry continental CA and in the Mediterranean THR regions.

Averaging carbon stock data over landscape units (nested climate, soil, land cover information), instead of using polygons to summarize gridded data obtained by spatial interpolation made the output maps and data more easily interpretable and usable to support the development of sustainable land management policies and to link carbon sequestration to other ecosystem services targets. The findings can be used for the definition of realistic carbon sequestration and soil health targets considering the potential determined by local climate and soil conditions, and land use.
Coseismic and Postseismic Deformation of the January 24, 2020 Sivrice (Elazig) Earthquake Under the Constrain of Geodetic Observations 
Authors: Farımaz İlay , Özarpacı Seda , Özdemir Alpay , Erkoç M. Hilmi , Ayruk Efe Turan , Ergintav Semih , Doğan Uğur , Çakır Ziyadin
Published: March 2022

January 24, 2020 Sivrice earthquake (Mw 6.8), which is the largest along the East Anatolian Fault (EAF) over the last century, is providing a wealth of information on the mechanics of transform faulting and for monitoring the different phases of the last seismic cycle. In this study, we aim to estimate coseismic and postseismic surface deformation along the Sivrice earthquake rupture and determine the strain accumulations on Pütürge segment by combining InSAR and GNSS measurements. The area was described one of the major seismic gaps along the EAF and we have started to study from Palu to Sivrice segments of the EAF, since 2015. Near field survey GNSS network has been established since 2015 and measured two times in a year, until 2021. Besides, after the earthquake, we surveyed 60% of near field sites to contain the coseismic field within 2-3 days. This dataset analyzed with continuous GNSS stations around the region to control the far field of the deformation field. Additionally, this dataset is densified by InSAR deformation field. For this purpose, the stack of interferograms have been interpreted from descending orbit Sentinel-1 dataset, composed of 6 days interval SAR acquisitions that starts from January 2020 to June 2020 which covers the earthquake time. As a result, significant differences between the pattern of strain accumulation before and after earthquake are documented with both GNSS and InSAR data. Moreover, the signature of the postseismic deformations is presented for 6 months.  

This study was supported by TUBITAK 1001 project no. 114Y250 and 118Y435.

Keywords: Sivrice earthquake, EAF, coseismic, postseismic, InSAR, GNSS
The variability of seismo-acoustic nuisance patterns: a case study from the Helsinki geothermal stimulation
Authors: Krenz Lukas , Wolf Sebastian , Gabriel Alice-Agnes , Hillers Gregor , Bader Michael
Published: March 2022

With this contribution, we expand the discussion of effects that earthquakes induced by geo-energy projects can have on local communities, and that should probably be considered in future legislation or permitting processes. Inspired by consistent reports of felt and heard disturbances associated with the weeks-long stimulation of a 6-km-deep geothermal system in 2018 below the Otaniemi district of Espoo, Helsinki, we conduct numerical simulations of wave propagation in the solid earth and the atmosphere to assess the sensitivity of the ground shaking and audible noise patterns to various parameters. We explore the effects of three different local velocity models, realistic topography, variations of the source mechanism, and earthquake size on the loudness of the synthetic waves at frequencies up to 20 Hz, therefore reaching the lower limit of human sound sensitivity. We discuss the results of 18 elastic-acoustic coupled scenario simulations conducted on the Mahti high-performance computing infrastructure of the Finnish IT Center for Science CSC using the SeisSol wavefield solver. The computationally challenging simulations target the Otaniemi case study, i.e., we discretize a 12 km x 12 km x 15 km domain with a 2 km thick air layer over the solid earth domain. The earthquake point source is located at the 6.5 km deep location of the largest M1.8 event induced by the stimulation. In the target central area, we use a mesh with element lengths of about 14 m in the air and 97 m in the solid earth. Inside each element, we approximate the solution by a fifth-degree polynomial, by which we achieve a resolution of roughly 2.3 m in the air and 16 m in the earth. We develop an interactive visualization to facilitate instant access to the results governed by the different parameter combinations, where the synthetics are shown on top of a map of the Helsinki metropolitan region. This tool facilitates “what-if” analyses by quickly comparing the effects of fault orientation, source mechanism, and the velocity model. This supports effective communication of physics-based nuisance analysis to decision-makers and stakeholders, not only in environments such as the case study where there is little experience with natural earthquake phenomena. Together, these results resolve for the first time synthetic nuisance sound patterns at the 50 – 100 m scale in a densely populated capital region. The study highlights the mostly disregarded spatially variable audible effects that can negatively impact the public attitude towards geothermal stimulations, even if the ground shaking limits are safe, and it provides first estimates of the resources needed for comprehensive scenarios for future stimulation projects.
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation forcing the mean sea level in the Mediterranean Sea through the Gibraltar transport 
Authors: Masina Simona , Pinardi Nadia , Cipollone Andrea , Banerjee Deep Sankar , Lyubartsev Vladyslav , von Schuckmann Karina , Jackson Laura , Escudier Romain , Clementi Emanuela , Aydogdu Alí , Iovino Doroteaciro
Published: March 2022

Understanding the causes of the variability of the North Atlantic and Mediterranean overturning circulations, and the possible correlation between them is important to disentangle the processes which link the two ocean basins. In this study, we hypothesize that the Gibraltar inflow transport is the main driver of the basin-mean sea surface height variability in the Mediterranean Sea and that they are both anti-correlated to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the North Atlantic.

We analyze here the AMOC and the Mediterranean mean sea surface height (SSH) in an ensemble of eddy-permitting global ocean reanalyses and the Gibraltar inflow transport using an eddy-resolving Mediterranean Reanalysis over the period 1993-2019. In this contribution, firstly we extend the results obtained in past literature with observations (2004-2017 period) and confirm the anti-correlation between the Mediterranean mean sea level and the upper branch of the AMOC at 26.5°N over the 1993-2019 period. Secondly, for the first time, we examine the correlation of the different components of the AMOC and the Gibraltar inflow transport and find significant anti-correlations at interannual time scales.

We show that during years of weaker/stronger AMOC and higher/lower SSH in the Mediterranean Sea, a stronger/weaker Azores Current results in stronger/weaker Gibraltar inflow transport. We argue that the anticorrelation between AMOC and the mean sea level of the Mediterranean Sea is explained by the anticorrelation between AMOC and the Gibraltar inflow transport which in turn is changed by the wind driven Azores current strength.
Pandemic Medical Supply Needs with a Coincident Natural Disaster and an Analysis of COVID-19 Data Availability
Authors: Churchyard Paul , Gupta Ajay , Lieberman Joshua
Published: March 2022

The Open Geospatial Consortium’s Disaster Pilot 2021 focused on turning earth observation and reporting data into decision ready indicators (DRI) for disaster response and management.  HSR.health as a Pilot participant  developed the recipe for, and produced a Medical Supply Needs Index that indicates what medical supplies, such as Personal Protective Equipment, are needed to respond to COVID-19 cases throughout a population. Medical Supply Needs Indices were calculated for areas within the Pilot focus regions and shared via a dashboard-style application. HSR.health and collaborators then set up an integrated demonstration showing the Medical Supply Needs Index updating in real-time as a result of data on the occurrence and impacts of multiple coincident natural disasters such as flooding, landslides, and pandemic spread. HSR.health also carried out work within the Pilot to apply and evaluate the draft Health Spatial Data Infrastructure (HSDI) model developed in the pre-Pilot OGC Health Spatial Data Infrastructure Concept Development Study. This included research into the availability of pandemic-related health related data in the US and in Peru, as well as investigation of the spatiotemporal granularity or resolution of observation data best suited to support indicators for community-level public health interventions.
North Atlantic thermocline vertical velocity reconstruction from ARMOR3D geostrophic meridional velocity field 
Authors: Cortés Morales Diego , Lazar Alban
Published: March 2022

Ocean vertical velocities are several orders of magnitude smaller than the horizontal velocity field when looking at patterns larger than the sub-mesoscales, and for this reason, direct measurement in the ocean has not yet been possible. One method for estimating in-situ vertical velocities (w) in the real ocean is through a theoretical approach using observation-based fields. In this work, the Geostrophic Linear Vorticity Balance (GLVB: βvg = f∂w/∂z) is tested in an eddy-permitting OGCM to find out to what extent it explains the large-scale circulation in the North Atlantic and can be used to reconstruct an observation-based climatological w field. In the first part, we present a thorough baroclinic analysis of the climatological GLVB. The authors find that it holds to first order within the thermocline, below the mixing layer in the interior tropical and subtropical gyres and near the African coast. Within western boundary currents, the equatorial band, and the subpolar gyre significant departures occur due to the importance of other terms in the vorticity budget such as nonlinearities or friction. These results allow us to reconstruct w from climatological ARMOR3D geostrophic meridional velocities and satellite wind field within the thermocline of the North Atlantic tropical and subtropical gyres. In the second part, we discuss discrepancies between our observation-based reconstruction and two other existing estimates of w (one Omega equation derived product and an ocean reanalysis). At last, we revisit the classical Sverdrup explanation of gyre dynamics by adding a baroclinic analysis of some major thermocline currents.