bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tailoring Ruthenium(II) and Rhenium(I) Complexes for Turn-On Luminescent Sensing of Antimony(III)
Authors: Silva Alexandre Vieira , Ragone Fabricio , Ruiz Gustavo Teodosio , Orellana Guillermo
Published: October 2024

Antimony (Sb) is currently a widespread element with key roles in telecommunication, sustainable energy, and military industries, among others. Its significant toxicity determines the need to realize sensors for water, air, and soil and the industrial process monitoring of Sb species. Unfortunately, no antimony sensors exist so far, and just laboratory analysis methods are in use. We aimed to contribute to the development of optical sensors for the metalloid by tailoring, for the first time, luminescent Ru(II) and Re(I) polypyridyl complexes to probe and quantify the presence of Sb(III). The molecular design of the complexes includes the multifunctional Sb-binding 2-(2,2′-bithien-5-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f]-1,10-phenanthroline (btip) ligand that ensures the molecular binding of Sb(III) in organic media. The Ru(II)-btip complex is additionally endowed with one 2,2′-bipyrazine (bpz) or two 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene (tap) ligands, namely [Ru(bpz)(btip)2]2+ and [Ru(tap)2(btip)]2+, that boost the excited state oxidation potential of the probe, leading to an intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer from btip to the Ru(II) core. The latter is suppressed upon interaction with Sb(III), leading to an 11-fold increase in both the luminescence intensity and lifetime of [Ru(bpz)(btip)2]2+ in the presence of ca. 50 μmol L−1 of SbCl3 in organic medium. The fluorescence intensity of [Re(CO)3(H2O)(btip)]+ also increases upon interaction with Sb(III) but to a much lesser extent due to the intraligand π*→π nature of its emission compared to the Ru(II) ligand-to-metal excited state deactivation. However, the weak π*→d emission band in the red spectral region of the former is quenched by the semimetallic element. The sensing mechanisms of the Ru(II)- and Re(I)-btip probes that allow luminescence intensity (Ru, Re), ratiometric (Ru), and lifetime measurements (Ru) are compared and discussed in this initial solution sensing study.
A Scoping Review on Hepatoprotective Mechanism of Herbal Preparations through Gut Microbiota Modulation
Authors: Poo Chin Long , Lau Mei Siu , Nasir Nur Liana Md , Nik Zainuddin Nik Aina Syazana , Rahman Mohd Rahimi Ashraf Abd , Mustapha Kamal Siti Khadijah , Awang Norizah , Muhammad Hussin
Published: October 2024

Liver diseases cause millions of deaths globally. Current treatments are often limited in effectiveness and availability, driving the search for alternatives. Herbal preparations offer potential hepatoprotective properties. Disrupted gut microbiota is linked to liver disorders. This scoping review aims to explore the effects of herbal preparations on hepatoprotective mechanisms, particularly in the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and hepatic steatosis, with a focus on gut microbiota modulation. A systematic search was performed using predetermined keywords in four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science). A total of 55 studies were included for descriptive analysis, covering study characteristics such as disease model, dietary model, animal model, intervention details, comparators, and study outcomes. The findings of this review suggest that the hepatoprotective effects of herbal preparations are closely related to their interactions with the gut microbiota. The hepatoprotective mechanisms of herbal preparations are shown through their effects on the gut microbiota composition, intestinal barrier, and microbial metabolites, which resulted in decreased serum levels of liver enzymes and lipids, improved liver pathology, inhibition of hepatic fatty acid accumulation, suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress, reduced insulin resistance, and altered bile acid metabolism.
Cardiac Amyloidosis: State-of-the-Art Review in Molecular Pathology
Authors: Salzillo Cecilia , Franco Renato , Ronchi Andrea , Quaranta Andrea , Marzullo Andrea
Published: October 2024

Amyloidosis refers to a group of diseases caused by extracellular deposits of misfolded proteins, which alter tissue function and structure, potentially affecting any organ. The term “amyloid” was introduced in the 19th century and later associated with pathological protein deposits. Amyloid fibrils, which are insoluble and resistant to degradation, originate from soluble proteins that undergo misfolding. This process can be triggered by several factors, such as aging, elevated protein concentrations, or pathogenic variants. Amyloid deposits damage organs both by disrupting tissue architecture and through direct cytotoxic effects, leading to conditions such as heart failure. Amyloidosis can be classified into acquired or inherited forms and can be systemic or localized. Diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis is complex and often requires tissue biopsies, which are supported by Congo Red dye staining. In some cases, bisphosphonate bone scans may provide a less invasive diagnostic option. In this state-of-the-art review, we focus on the most common forms of cardiac amyloidosis, from epidemiology to therapy, emphasizing the differences in molecular mechanisms and the importance of pathological diagnosis for appropriate treatment using a multidisciplinary approach.
Predictive Modeling and Optimization of Layer-Cladded Ti-Al-Nb-Zr High-Entropy Alloys Using Machine Learning
Authors: Dai Ruirui , Guo Hua , Liu Jianying , Alfano Marco , Yuan Junfeng , Zhao Zhiqiang
Published: October 2024

In this work, the influence of laser power (LP), scanning speed (SS), and powder feeding speed (PF) on the porosity, dilution, and microhardness of lightweight refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) coatings produced via laser cladding (LC) was investigated. Variance analysis (ANOVA) was deployed to ascertain the effect of LP, SS, and PF on performance metrics such as porosity, dilution, and microhardness. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) was then applied to optimize these processing parameters to minimize porosity, achieve suitable dilution, and maximize microhardness, enhancing the mechanical properties of RHEA coatings. Finally, machine learning models—Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), and Genetic Algorithm-enhanced GBDT (GA-GBDT)—were developed using orthogonal experimental data, with GA-GBDT demonstrating superior predictive accuracy. The proposed approach integrates statistical analysis and advanced ML techniques, providing a better understanding into optimizing LP, SS, and PF for improved RHEA coatings performance in industrial applications, thereby advancing laser cladding technology.
Optimization of Pavement Structure Using High-Modulus Asphalt Coating Considering the Effects of Base-Course Combinations
Authors: Wang Hao , Wei Jincheng , Guo Jianmin , Xu Xizhong , Sun Chengji , Hu Jiabao
Published: October 2024

High-modulus asphalt concrete (HMAC) has been widely used in the surface coating of high-grade pavement. Due to HMAC’s modulus being significantly higher than traditional asphalt concrete, the mechanical responses of a pavement structure using an HMAC coating must be notably different from those of a traditional asphalt pavement structure. Moreover, when asphalt surface coating is fixed, the selection of base-course combinations will determine the mechanical response of the whole pavement structure. However, previous studies usually analyzed the mechanical response of pavement structures at limited combinations of base-courses, resulting in difficulties comprehensively understanding the laws of mechanics and effectively optimizing the HMAC pavement structure. Hence, in this study, a total of 108 groups of numerical experiments under six working conditions of base-course combinations are carried out using orthogonal experimental design to investigate the mechanical response of pavement structures using HMAC coatings using the PR MODULE high-modulus additive. The effects of pavement thickness, material modulus, and structural combination on mechanical responses are analyzed for the 108 groups to determine the optimal pavement combinations based on the balance of mechanical response and economic efficiency. The results show the following: The effect of the base layer type on mechanical response is more significant than that of the subbase layer type. Surface and undersurface layer thickness for the granular material base layer; surface and base layer thickness for the asphalt mixture base layer; and base layer thickness, subbase layer modulus, and base layer modulus for the inorganic binder mixture base layer are the key factors for mechanical response. Finally, six recommended HMAC pavement structure configurations for various base-courses are proposed.
Ni Catalysts for Thermochemical CO2 Methanation: A Review
Authors: Kim Jungpil
Published: October 2024

This review underscores the pivotal role that nickel-based catalysts play in advancing CO2 methanation technologies, which are integral to achieving carbon neutrality. This study meticulously examines various aspects of catalyst design, including the significance of support materials and co-catalysts in enhancing catalytic activity and selectivity. This discussion reveals that while nickel catalysts offer a cost-effective solution due to their availability and high performance, challenges such as sintering and carbon deposition at high temperatures remain. These issues necessitate the development of catalysts with superior thermal stability or those capable of maintaining high activity at lower temperatures. This review also highlights the innovative use of three-dimensional fiber deposition technology in fabricating catalysts, which has shown promising results in improving reaction efficiency and stability over prolonged operation. Moving forward, this research emphasizes the importance of optimizing catalyst structure and fabrication techniques to overcome existing limitations. The ongoing development in this field holds great promise for the industrial application of CO2 methanation, contributing significantly to global efforts in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainable energy use.
RETRACTED: Chupradit et al. Ultra-Sensitive Biosensor with Simultaneous Detection (of Cancer and Diabetes) and Analysis of Deformation Effects on Dielectric Rods in Optical Microstructure. Coatings 2021, 11, 1564
Authors: Chupradit Supat , Ashfaq Shameen , Bokov Dmitry , Suksatan Wanich , Jalil Abduladheem Turki , Alanazi Amer M. , Sillanpaa Mika
Published: October 2024

The journal retracts the article, “Ultra-Sensitive Biosensor with Simultaneous Detection (of Cancer and Diabetes) and Analysis of Deformation Effects on Dielectric Rods in Optical Microstructure” [...]
Effects of Oxide Powders as Activating Flux on AMIG 304L Welds
Authors: Touileb Kamel , Djoudjou Rachid , Ouis Abousoufiane , Hedhibi Abdeljlil Chihaoui , Alrobei Hussein , Alnaser Ibrahim Abdullah , Malik Rizwan Ahmed , Abdus Samad Ubair
Published: October 2024

Activating metal inert gas (AMIG) welding was designed to address difficulties with MIG welding, such as the limitation on workpiece thickness that may be welded in a single pass. This investigation was carried out on 304L stainless steel using ER 308L as a filler metal. Five oxides (SiO2, TiO2, Fe2O3, Mn2O3, and Cr2O3) have been investigated without edge preparation. The welded joints were evaluated for weld morphology, microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion, and the findings were compared. The depth of the AMIG weld was determined to be greater than that of the MIG weld. The microstructure is composed of austenitic and retained delta ferrite with 3.3% for MIG and up to 8% for AMIG weld carried out with Cr2O3 oxide flux, the tensile strength is up to 604 MPa when using Cr2O3 oxide against MIG weld (532 MPa), and the resistance to sudden load in AMIG welds (189 J/cm2) is higher than that of MIG weld (149 J/cm2). The corrosion resistance of the weld made with Fe2O3 oxide flux is greater than that of the other AMIG and MIG welds, as well as the parent metal. The AMIG welding technique variant enhances productivity and decreases the cost and energy consumption of the welding material compared to the traditional MIG process. This allows for joining the same thickness without affecting mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, meeting the industry’s requirements.
In-Depth Characterization of Natural Clays from Southeast Albania
Authors: Mele Altin , Scognamiglio Viviana , Nocerino Valeria , De Stefano Luca , Memo Arben , Toro Roberta G. , Rossi Manuela , Baldassarre Francesco , Capitelli Francesco
Published: October 2024

Clays have been exploited in the manufacture of diverse products from ceramics to paints, pharmaceuticals, plastics, cosmetics, and more. Thus, they can be used in many industrial applications, showing good adsorbent ability thanks to their lamellar structure, high cation exchange capacity, pore size distribution, and large surface area. For this reason, considerable attention has been paid to their in-depth characterization, for further integration in sectors such as biomedicine, construction, remediation, aerospace, and nanotechnology. For this aim, two samples of natural clays, ALO1 and PRE4, from the southeast part of Albania, were subject to a multi-methodological characterization, with the aim of addressing the use of such geomaterials in possible sensing applications. X-ray fluorescence analysis, morphological characterization of the samples, and energy-dispersive system spectroscopy pointed to an extreme mineralogical variety, with kaolinite in AL01 and montmorillonite in PRE4 as the most abundant phases. This fact was further confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction, showing a quartz content of 20%, a kaolinite content of 64%, and a muscovite content of 16% for ALO1; meanwhile, for PRE4, we found a content of quartz of 45%, a content of montmorillonite of 34.9%, and a content of clinochlore of 20%. Infrared spectroscopy and thermal analyses confirmed the presence of hydroxyl groups in both samples, suggesting a higher content in ALO1. Measurement of N2 adsorption isotherms on the clay samples yields specific surface areas of 87 m2/g for PRE4 and 32 m2/g for ALO1, pore volumes of 0.721 cm3/g for PRE4 and 0.637 cm3/g for ALO1, and similar pore sizes in the range of 6–12 nm. Electrochemical analysis highlighted a good conductivity of ALO1 and PRE4 when used for the modification of commercial carbon-based screen-printed electrodes. In detail, higher currents were registered by differential pulse voltammetry for the electrodes modified with the clays with respect to bare electrodes, as well as good repeatability of the measurements. In addition, a comparative study with nanomaterials, known for their good conductivity, was achieved, using carbon black and gold nanoparticles as a reference, showing that the conductivity of the clays was lower than but not so different from those of the reference materials.
Comparative Immunohistochemical Analysis of Craniopharyngioma and Ameloblastoma: Insights into Odontogenic Differentiation
Authors: Salih Ban A. , Abdullah Bashar H.
Published: October 2024

Background and objectives: Histopathological similarities between craniopharyngioma (CP) and ameloblastoma (AB) have long been recognized, particularly the shared features of palisading columnar epithelium and stellate reticulum-like areas. This study aimed to investigate potential odontogenic differentiation in CP akin to AB using immunohistochemical odontogenic markers. Methods: We analyzed AMELX, ODAM, and CK19 expression in 44 cases (20 CP and 24 AB). Results: While AMELX and ODAM showed diffuse strong positive expression in both tumors with no significant statistical differences, CK19 expression was notably higher in CP. Conclusion: The markers AMELX and ODAM associated with odontogenic differentiation exhibited similar profiles in both tumors due to shared similar embryological origins. Notably, CK19, a biomarker of odontogenic epithelium, showed even higher expression, suggesting distinct pathways. These findings offer insights into tumor biology and may aid in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Issues with Cefiderocol Testing: Comparing Commercial Methods to Broth Microdilution in Iron-Depleted Medium—Analyses of the Performances, ATU, and Trailing Effect According to EUCAST Initial and Revised Interpretation Criteria
Authors: Stracquadanio Stefano , Nicolosi Alice , Marino Andrea , Calvo Maddalena , Stefani Stefania
Published: October 2024

Background: The rise of multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria necessitates the development of new antimicrobial agents. Cefiderocol shows promising activity by exploiting bacterial iron transport systems to penetrate the outer membranes of resistant pathogens. Objectives: This study evaluates the efficacy of cefiderocol testing methods and trailing effect impact using a ComASP® Cefiderocol panel, disk diffusion (DD), and MIC test strips (MTS) compared to iron-depleted broth microdilution (ID-BMD). Methods: A total of 131 Gram-negative strains from clinical samples was tested by commercial methods and the gold standard. Results were interpreted as per 2024 and 2023 EUCAST guidelines. Results: ID-BMD revealed high cefiderocol susceptibility among Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with one Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate being resistant. Acinetobacter baumannii exhibited higher MIC values, particularly considering trailing effects that complicated MIC readings. ComASP® showed 97% categorical agreement (CA) and 66% essential agreement (EA) with ID-BMD for Enterobacterales but failed to detect the resistant K. pneumoniae. DD tests demonstrated variable CA (72% or 93%), and 38% or 34% of strains within the ATU according to EUCAST Breakpoint Tables v13.0 and 14.0, respectively, with major errors only. MTS for P. aeruginosa had 100% CA but 44% EA, and often underestimated MIC values. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the need for standardized criteria to address trailing effects and ATU and highlights the discrepancies between testing methods. While cefiderocol resistance remains rare, accurate susceptibility testing is crucial for its effective clinical use. The findings suggest that current commercial tests have limitations, necessitating careful interpretation and potential supplementary testing to guide appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Antimicrobial Resistance: What Lies Beneath This Complex Phenomenon?
Authors: Sakalauskienė Giedrė Valdonė , Radzevičienė Aurelija
Published: October 2024

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) has evolved from a mere concern into a significant global threat, with profound implications for public health, healthcare systems, and the global economy. Since the introduction of antibiotics between 1945 and 1963, their widespread and often indiscriminate use in human medicine, agriculture, and animal husbandry has led to the emergence and rapid spread of antibiotic-resistant genes. Bacteria have developed sophisticated mechanisms to evade the effects of antibiotics, including drug uptake limitation, drug degradation, target modification, efflux pumps, biofilm formation, and outer membrane vesicles production. As a result, AMR now poses a threat comparable to climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic, and projections suggest that death rates will be up to 10 million deaths annually by 2050, along with a staggering economic cost exceeding $100 trillion. Addressing AMR requires a multifaceted approach, including the development of new antibiotics, alternative therapies, and a significant shift in antibiotic usage and regulation. Enhancing global surveillance systems, increasing public awareness, and prioritizing investments in research, diagnostics, and vaccines are critical steps. By recognizing the gravity of the AMR threat and committing to collaborative action, its impact can be mitigated, and global health can be protected for future generations.
Blood Eosinophils Matter in Post-COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Bernardinello Nicol , Castelli Gioele , Pasin Dylan , Grisostomi Giulia , Cola Marco , Giraudo Chiara , Cocconcelli Elisabetta , Cattelan Annamaria , Spagnolo Paolo , Balestro Elisabetta
Published: October 2024

Background: Even after the development of vaccines, SARS-CoV-2 continues to cause severe pneumonia all over the world. Consequently, in order to improve the management of patients and optimize the use of resources, predictors of disease severity and lung complications after COVID-19 pneumonia are urgently needed. Blood cell count is an easily available and reproducible biomarker. With this study, we aimed to explore the role of eosinophils in predicting disease behavior and pulmonary sequelae at first follow-up with computed tomography (CT). Methods: we evaluated blood cell count and other inflammatory markers, both at baseline and during hospitalization, in a large population of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Results: 327 patients were finally enrolled, 214 were classified as low-intensity medical care (LIMC) and 113 as high-intensity medical care. Eosinophils were higher at discharge in the HIMC group [0.1 (0–0.72) vs. 0.05 (0–0.34) × 109/L; p < 0.0001]. Moreover, in the multivariable analysis, age ≥ 62 years (OR 1.76 (1.05–2.8) p = 0.03) and Δ eosinophils ≥ 0.05 (OR 1.75 (1.05–2.9) p = 0.03) were two independent predictors of residual lung abnormalities in the whole patient population at first follow-up. Conclusions: an eosinophil increase during hospitalization could be a potential predictor of pulmonary sequelae in surviving patients after COVID-19 pneumonia.
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay Using Gold Nanoparticles for Detecting Treponema pallidum subspp. pallidum
Authors: Phurijaruyangkun Saranthum , Tangjitrungrot Pongbun , Jaratsing Pornpun , Augkarawaritsawong Suphitcha , Pongparit Sawanya , Veeramano Rungnapa , Tanomnuch Kularb , Areekit Supatra , Chansiri Kosum , Santiwatanakul Somchai
Published: October 2024

Background: Venereal syphilis in humans is caused by Trepenoma pallidum subspp. pallidum. A study has shown that 30,302 individuals in Thailand had syphilis in 2020, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:0.8 and the highest incidence rate at ages between fifteen and twenty-four. Methods: This research aimed to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay using gold nanoparticles (LAMP-AuNPs). Analytical sensitivity, diagnostic specificity, accuracy, and predictive values for each technique are provided. Results: The diagnosis sensitivities of polymerase chain reaction using agarose gel electrophoresis (PCR-AGE), loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay using agarose gel electrophoresis (LAMP-AGE), and LAMP-AuNPs were 116 ng/µL, 11.6 ng/µL, and 11.6 ng/µL, respectively. We evaluated the analytical specificity using PCR and a LAMP-based assay, and there was no cross-reactivity to Leptospira interrogans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and healthy humans. After analyzing 400 serum samples of patients suspected of syphilis, the LAMP-AGE and LAMP-AuNPs assays displayed 100% diagnostic sensitivity scores, 91% diagnostic specificity scores, 95.5% accuracy rates, 100% positive predictive values (PPVs), and 91% negative predictive values (NPVs), the positive likelihood ratio (LR+) was 11.11, while the negative likelihood ratio (LR−) was 0. Conversely, for PCR assays displayed 100% diagnostic sensitivity scores, 94.5% diagnostic specificity scores, 97.25% accuracy rates, 100% PPVs, and 94.5% NPVs, LR+ was 18.18, and LR− was 0. Conclusions: The LAMP-AuNPs technique demonstrates rapidity, affordability, and convenience, rendering it well-suited for point-of-care applications in the diagnosis, prevention, and management of pathogenic infections.
A Dual-Labeled Multiplex Absolute Telomere Length Method to Measure Average Telomere Length
Authors: Rutherford Siegel Sue , Calcagni E. Alex , Draughon Kelsey M. , Logue Sheree F.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Telomeres consist of repetitive nucleotide sequences and associated proteins that safeguard chromosome ends from degradation and fusion with neighboring chromosomes. As cells divide, telomeres shorten due to the end-replication problem and oxidative stress, ultimately contributing to cellular senescence. Telomeres therefore play a role in cellular health and aging. Measuring telomere length has emerged as a significant biomarker in various fields of research, including aging, cancer, and chronic diseases. Accurate measurement of telomere length is critical for interpreting research findings and clinical applications. Variability in measurement techniques can lead to inconsistent results, underscoring the need for standardized protocols. Methods and Results: The Telomere Research Network (TRN), an initiative from the National Institute of Aging and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, has established recommended guidelines to standardize the measurement of telomere length using qPCR to ensure accuracy and reproducibility in population-based studies. The monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR (MMqPCR) assay has emerged as a robust method endorsed by the TRN for its accuracy and reproducibility in quantifying telomere length in epidemiology ad population based studies. The absolute telomere length (aTL) qPCR assay is currently being evaluated by the TRN for its capability to utilize an oligomer standard, enabling the generation of absolute telomere lengths. The oligomer feature facilitates a more direct comparison of results across experiments and laboratories. Conclusions: This paper outlines a novel dual-labeled multiplex aTL method by incorporating dual-labeled multiplex probes to measure average absolute telomere length, providing a clear advantage over the relative telomere length assay, which quantifies the ratio of telomeric repeats to single-copy gene numbers.
Sequential Task Allocation of More Scalable Artificial Dragonfly Swarms Considering Dubins Trajectory
Authors: Li Yonggang , Wen Dan , Zhang Siyuan , Li Longjiang
Published: October 2024

With the rapid advancement of UAV technology and the increasing complexity of tasks, multi-UAV systems face growing challenges in task execution. Traditional task allocation algorithms often perform poorly when dealing with issues such as local optima, slow convergence speed, and low convergence accuracy, making it difficult to meet the demands for efficiency and practicality in real-world applications. To address these problems, this paper focuses on collaborative task allocation technology for multi-UAV. It proposes a collaborative task allocation strategy for multi-UAV in a multi-target environment, which comprehensively considers various complex constraints in practical application scenarios. The strategy utilizes Dubins curves for trajectory planning and constructs a multi-UAV collaborative task allocation model, with targets including the shortest total distance index, the minimum time index, and the trajectory coordination index. Each UAV is set as an artificial dragonfly by modifying the traditional dragonfly algorithm, incorporating differential evolution algorithms and their crossover, mutation, and selection operations to bring UAV swarms closer to the characteristics of biological dragonflies. The modifications can enhance the global scalability of artificial dragonfly swarms (ADSs), including wider search capacity, wider speed range, and more diverse search accuracy. Meanwhile, potential solutions with global convergence properties are stored to better support real-time adjustments to task allocation. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can generate a conflict-free task execution scheme and plan the trajectory, which has advantages in changing the data scale of the UAV and the target and improves the reliability of the system to a certain extent.
AffectiVR: A Database for Periocular Identification and Valence and Arousal Evaluation in Virtual Reality
Authors: Seok Chaelin , Park Yeongje , Baek Junho , Lim Hyeji , Roh Jong-hyuk , Kim Youngsam , Kim Soohyung , Lee Eui Chul
Published: October 2024

This study introduces AffectiVR, a dataset designed for periocular biometric authentication and emotion evaluation in virtual reality (VR) environments. To maximize immersion in VR environments, interactions must be seamless and natural, with unobtrusive authentication and emotion recognition technologies playing a crucial role. This study proposes a method for user authentication by utilizing periocular images captured by a camera attached to a VR headset. Existing datasets have lacked periocular images acquired in VR environments, limiting their practical application. To address this, periocular images were collected from 100 participants using the HTC Vive Pro and Pupil Labs infrared cameras in a VR environment. Participants also watched seven emotion-inducing videos, and emotional evaluations for each video were conducted. The final dataset comprises 1988 monocular videos and corresponding self-assessment manikin (SAM) evaluations for each experimental video. This study also presents a baseline study to evaluate the performance of biometric authentication using the collected dataset. A deep learning model was used to analyze the performance of biometric authentication based on periocular data collected in a VR environment, confirming the potential for implicit and continuous authentication. The high-resolution periocular images collected in this study provide valuable data not only for user authentication but also for emotion evaluation research. The dataset developed in this study can be used to enhance user immersion in VR environments and as a foundational resource for advancing emotion recognition and authentication technologies in fields such as education, therapy, and entertainment. This dataset offers new research opportunities for non-invasive continuous authentication and emotion recognition in VR environments, and it is expected to significantly contribute to the future development of related technologies.
Implementation of Regenerative Thermal Oxidation Device Based on High-Heating Device for Low-Emission Combustion
Authors: Park Hoon-Min , Yoon Dal-Hwan , Lee Joon-Seong , Jung Hyun-Min , Lee Dae-Hee , Jeon Dong-Hwan , Lim Tae-Yeung
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a heating device is implemented by considering two large factors in a 100 cmm RTO design. First, when the combustion chamber is used for a long time with a high temperature of 750–1100 °C depending on the high concentration VOC gas capacity, there is a problem that the combustion chamber explodes or the function of the rotary is stopped due to the fatigue and load of the device. To prevent this, the 100 cmm RTO design with a changed rotary position is improved. Second, an RTO design with a high-heating element is implemented to combust VOC gas discharged from the duct at a stable temperature. Through this, low-emission combustion emissions and energy consumption are reduced. By implementing a high heat generation device, the heat storage combustion oxidation function is improved through the preservation of renewable heat. Over 177 h of demonstration time, we improved the function of 100 cm by discharging 99% of VOC’s removal efficiency, 95.78% of waste heat recovery rate, 21.95% of fuel consumption, and 3.9 ppm of nitrogen oxide concentration.
An IoT-Enhanced Traffic Light Control System with Arduino and IR Sensors for Optimized Traffic Patterns
Authors: Qasim Kian Raheem , Naser Noor M. , Jabur Ahmed J.
Published: October 2024

Traffic lights play an important role in efficient traffic management, especially in crowded cities. Optimizing traffic helps to reduce crowding, save time, and ensure the smooth flow of traffic. Metaheuristic algorithms have a proven ability to optimize smart traffic management systems. This paper investigates the effectiveness of two metaheuristic algorithms: particle swarm optimization (PSO) and grey wolf optimization (GWO). In addition, we posit a hybrid PSO-GWO method of optimizing traffic light control using IoT-enabled data from sensors. In this study, we aimed to enhance the movement of traffic, minimize delays, and improve overall traffic precision. Our results demonstrate that the hybrid PSO-GWO method outperforms individual PSO and GWO algorithms, achieving superior traffic movement precision (0.925173), greater delay reduction (0.994543), and higher throughput improvement (0.89912) than standalone methods. PSO excels in reducing wait times (0.7934), while GWO shows reasonable performance across a range of metrics. The hybrid approach leverages the power of both PSO and GWO algorithms, proving to be the most effective solution for smart traffic management. This research highlights using hybrid optimization techniques and IoT (Internet of Things) in developing traffic control systems.
A Systematic Review and Multifaceted Analysis of the Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain: Shaping the Future of Australian Higher Education
Authors: Elkhodr Mahmoud , Wangsa Ketmanto , Gide Ergun , Karim Shakir
Published: October 2024

This study explores the applications and implications of blockchain technology in the Australian higher education system, focusing on its integration with artificial intelligence (AI). By addressing critical challenges in credential verification, administrative efficiency, and academic integrity, this integration aims to enhance the global competitiveness of Australian higher education institutions. A comprehensive review of 25 recent research papers quantifies the benefits, challenges, and prospects of blockchain adoption in educational settings. Our findings reveal that 52% of the reviewed papers focus on systematic reviews, 28% focus on application-based studies, and 20% combine both approaches. The keyword analysis identified 287 total words, with “blockchain” and “education” as the most prominent themes. This study highlights blockchain’s potential to improve credential management, academic integrity, administrative efficiency, and funding mechanisms in education. However, challenges such as technical implementation (24%), regulatory compliance (32%), environmental concerns (28%), and data security risks (40%) must be addressed to achieve widespread adoption. This study also discusses critical prerequisites for successful blockchain integration, including infrastructure development, staff training, regulatory harmonisation, and the incorporation of AI for personalised learning. Our research concludes that blockchain, when strategically implemented and combined with AI, has the potential to transform the Australian higher education system, significantly enhancing its integrity, efficiency, and global competitiveness.
A Survey of the Real-Time Metaverse: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Hatami Mohsen , Qu Qian , Chen Yu , Kholidy Hisham , Blasch Erik , Ardiles-Cruz Erika
Published: October 2024

The metaverse concept has been evolving from static, pre-rendered virtual environments to a new frontier: the real-time metaverse. This survey paper explores the emerging field of real-time metaverse technologies, which enable the continuous integration of dynamic, real-world data into immersive virtual environments. We examine the key technologies driving this evolution, including advanced sensor systems (LiDAR, radar, cameras), artificial intelligence (AI) models for data interpretation, fast data fusion algorithms, and edge computing with 5G networks for low-latency data transmission. This paper reveals how these technologies are orchestrated to achieve near-instantaneous synchronization between physical and virtual worlds, a defining characteristic that distinguishes the real-time metaverse from its traditional counterparts. The survey provides a comprehensive insight into the technical challenges and discusses solutions to realize responsive dynamic virtual environments. The potential applications and impact of real-time metaverse technologies across various fields are considered, including live entertainment, remote collaboration, dynamic simulations, and urban planning with digital twins. By synthesizing current research and identifying future directions, this survey provides a foundation for understanding and advancing the rapidly evolving landscape of real-time metaverse technologies, contributing to the growing body of knowledge on immersive digital experiences and setting the stage for further innovations in the Metaverse transformative field.
Cooling Performance of a Nano Phase Change Material Emulsions-Based Liquid Cooling Battery Thermal Management System for High-Capacity Square Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Guanghui , Chen Guofeng , Li Pan , Xie Ziyi , Li Ying , Luo Tuantuan
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the application of nanophase change material emulsions (NPCMEs) for thermal management in high-capacity ternary lithium-ion batteries. We formulated an NPCME of n-octadecane (n-OD) and n-eicosane (n-E) with a mass fraction of 10%, whose phase change temperatures are 25.5 °C and 32.5 °C, respectively, with specific heat capacities 2.1 and 2.4 times greater than water. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the thermal control performance and latent heat utilization efficiency of these NPCMEs. The NPCMEs with an n-OD mass fraction of 10% (NPCME-n-OD), particularly reduced the battery pack’s maximum temperature and temperature difference to 41.6 °C and 3.72 °C under a 2 C discharge rate, lower than the water-cooled group by 1.3 °C and 0.3 °C. This suggests that nano emulsions with phase change temperatures close to ambient temperatures exhibit superior cooling performance. Increased flow rates from 50 mL/min to 75 mL/min significantly lowered temperatures, resulting in temperature reductions of 2.73 °C for the NPCME-n-OD group and 3.37 °C for the NPCME-n-E group. However, the latent heat utilization efficiency of the nano emulsions decreased, leading to increased system energy consumption. Also, it was found that the inlet temperature of the NPCMEs was very important for good thermal management. The right inlet temperatures make it easier to use phase change latent heat, while excessively high temperatures may make thermal management less effective.
FPGA Realization of a Fractional-Order Model of Universal Memory Elements
Authors: Afolabi Opeyemi-Micheal , Adeyemi Vincent-Ademola , Tlelo-Cuautle Esteban , Nuñez-Perez Jose-Cruz
Published: October 2024

This paper addresses critical gaps in the digital implementations of fractional-order memelement emulators, particularly given the challenges associated with the development of solid-state devices using nanomaterials. Despite the potentials of these devices for industrial applications, the digital implementation of fractional-order models has received limited attention. This research contributes to bridging this knowledge gap by presenting the FPGA realization of the memelements based on a universal voltage-controlled circuit topology. The digital emulators successfully exhibit the pinched hysteresis behaviors of memristors, memcapacitors, and meminductors, showing the retention of historical states of their constitutive electronic variables. Additionally, we analyze the impact of the fractional-order parameters and excitation frequencies on the behaviors of the memelements. The design methodology involves using Xilinx System Generator for DSP blocks to lay out the architectures of the emulators, with synthesis and gate-level implementation performed on the Xilinx Artix-7 AC701 Evaluation kit, where resource utilization on hardware accounts for about 1% of available hardware resources. Further hardware analysis shows successful timing validation and low power consumption across all designs, with an average on-chip power of 0.23 Watts and average worst negative slack of 0.6 ns against a 5 ns constraint. We validate these results with Matlab 2020b simulations, which aligns with the hardware models.
Insecticide Resistance and Target-Site Mutations kdr, N1575Y, and Ace-1 in Anopheles gambiae s.l. Populations in a Low-Malaria-Transmission Zone in the Sudanian Region of Senegal
Authors: Gueye Assiyatou , Ngom El Hadji Malick , Ndoye Baye Bado , Dione Mamadou Lamine , Diouf Babacar , Ndiaye El Hadji , Sy Faty Amadou , Guèye Marième , Niang Makhtar , Diallo Diawo , Diallo Mawlouth , Dia Ibrahima
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Significant progress in malaria control has been achieved through long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), raising hopes for malaria elimination. However, emerging insecticide resistance threatens these gains. This study assessed the susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations to public health insecticides, examined the frequencies of kdr, Ace-1, and N1575Y mutations, and explored their associations with phenotypic resistance in Dielmo and Ndiop, Senegal. Methods: Anopheles larvae collected between September and December 2022 were reared to adulthood. Adult mosquitoes were exposed to discriminating concentrations of various insecticides following WHO guidelines. Knockdown times (KDT50 and KDT95) for pyrethroids were calculated using the Probit model. RT-qPCR detected target-site mutations (kdr: L1014F and L1014S, Ace-1, N1575Y) and assessed correlations with phenotypic resistance. Species-specific PCR identified species within the An. gambiae complex. Results/Conclusions: The populations of Dielmo and Ndiop showed susceptibility to pirimiphos-methyl and bendiocarb, with no Ace-1 mutation detected. Resistance to DDT and pyrethroids was observed. The knockdown times indicated that alphacypermethrin and lambdacyhalothrin were more effective than permethrin and deltamethrin. The L1014F allele was widespread, while L1014S was absent in Ndiop and low in Dielmo. The N1575Y mutation occurred only in populations with L1014F. The L1014S mutation was significantly associated with resistance to lambdacyhalothrin in both villages and to deltamethrin in Ndiop.
Three Mitochondrial Genomes of Chrysochroinae (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) and Phylogenetic Analyses
Authors: Ouyang Bowen , Huang Xuyan , Gan Yujie , Wei Zhonghua , Shi Aimin
Published: October 2024

Three mitochondrial genomes of Chrysochroinae (Buprestidae) were sequenced and analyzed. The mitogenomes of the genera Catoxantha and Nipponobuprestis are first reportedand Chrysochroa opulenta is a first record for China. The complete mitogenomes of Catoxantha luodiana, Nipponobuprestis guangxiensis and Chrysochroa opulenta exhibit striking similarities in their lengths and composition. Specifically, their lengths are 15,594 bp, 15,775 bp and 15,587 bp, respectively. Each of these genomes encodes 37 typical mitochondrial genes. The overwhelming majority of protein-coding genes (PCGs) have the typical ATN (ATT, ATA, ATG or ATC) as the start codon and terminate with TAR (TAA or TAG) as the stop codon or an incomplete stop codon T-. Among the three mitogenomes, Leu2, Ser2 and Phe were the most frequently encoded amino acids. In the PCGs, the Ka/Ks ratio of cox1 is the lowest, whereas atp6 has the highest value. This suggests that cox1 can be used as a molecular barcode for species delimitation and phylogeny in Chrysochroinae. The phylogenetic results showed that C. luodiana and two Chrysochroa species formed a clade. Based on the topology of the phylogenetic tree, the genus Catoxantha should be reassigned as a subgenus of Chrysochroa.
Outcome of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Adult Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results of a Single-Center Study
Authors: Stella Davide , Gill Jessica , Passera Roberto , Zompi Sofia , Dellacasa Chiara Maria , Audisio Ernesta , Cerrano Marco , Dogliotti Irene , Dicataldo Michele , Secreto Carolina , Bruno Benedetto , Freilone Roberto , Busca Alessandro , Giaccone Luisa
Published: October 2024

Background: Despite the adoption of pediatric-like chemotherapy protocols, the introduction of new immunotherapies and a better understanding of the oncogenic landscape, the outcome for adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain substantially dismal. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcome in terms of survival in a cohort of adult patients with ALL who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) between 2013 and 2023. Methods: This was a single-center observational retrospective study including all consecutive adult patients with ALL who received an alloSCT between April 2013 and April 2023 at the Stem Cell Transplant Center AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza of Torino. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) Relapse-Free Survival (GRFS), Leukemia-Free Survival (LFS) and cumulative incidence (CI) of Non-Relapse Mortality (NRM). Results: The 4-year OS and LFS were 63.4% and 48.1%, respectively, and the 1-year GRFS was 42.9%. The 1-year CI of bloodstream infections (BSI), invasive fungal infections and NRM were 38%, 7% and 18.4%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the use of total body irradiation (TBI), a time interval from diagnosis to alloSCT less than 7 months and female gender were factors significantly associated with better OS. Relapse of the underlying malignancy and BSI were the main causes of death. Conclusion: Our study suggests that alloSCT from a matched sibling donor (MSD) and alternative donors may be considered an effective tool for patients with ALL achieving a CR.
Social Determinants of Health Affect Psychological Distress among People with Disabilities
Authors: Kersey Jessica , Devlin Amie , Shyres Sarah , Kringle Emily A. , Housten Ashley J.
Published: October 2024

People with disabilities experience inequitable exposure to social determinants of health (SDOH) that contribute to disparate health outcomes, including psychological distress. There is little research examining which SDOH have the strongest effect on psychological distress among people with disabilities. This leaves healthcare providers and policy makers with insufficient information to make well-informed treatment decisions or allocate resources effectively. We explored the association between SDOH and disability and which factors may moderate the association between disability and psychological distress. Using data from the US Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey (Phase 3.5), we examined SDOH among people with and without disability (n = 26,354). Among people with disability, the odds of severe psychological distress were highest among those who had low incomes (OR = 4.41, 95% CI: 3.51–5.60), were food insecure (OR = 3.75, 95% CI: 3.43–4.10), housing insecure (OR = 3.17, 95% CI: 2.82–3.58), or were unable to work (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.80–2.18). Only difficulty paying for household expenses moderated the association between disability and severe psychological distress (OR = 9.81, 95% CI: 7.11–13.64). These findings suggest that supporting employment and economic opportunities and improving access to safe and affordable housing and food may improve psychological well-being among people with disabilities.