bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method for product selection considering consumer’s expectations and online reviews
Authors: Li Ming-Yang , Zhao Xiao-Jie , Zhang Lei , Ye Xin , Li Bo
Published: December 2020

Purpose

In recent years, the updating speed of products has been significantly accelerated, which not only provides diversified styles for consumers to select from but also makes consumers face selection problems sometimes. In addition, a large number of online reviews for products emerge on many e-commerce websites and influence consumers’ purchasing decisions. The purpose of this study is to propose a method for product selection considering consumer’s expectations and online reviews to support consumers’ purchasing decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

The product attributes are divided into two categories, i.e. demand attributes and word-of-mouth (WOM) attributes. For the demand attributes, for which the consumers can give specific quantified expectations, the value function of prospect theory is used to determine the consumer’s perceived values to the alternative products according to consumers’ expectations for these attributes and products’ specifications. For the WOM attributes, for which the consumers cannot give specific quantified expectations, the sentiment analysis method is used to identify the sentiment strengths for these attributes in the online reviews, and then the consumer’s perceived values to the alternative products are determined. On this basis, the product selection methods for single consumers and group consumers are given respectively.

Findings

Finally, taking the data of JD.com (https://www.jd.com/) as an example, the practicability and rationality of the method proposed in this paper is validated.

Originality/value

First, a new product selection problem considering consumer’s expectations and online reviews is extracted. Second, the product attributes are considered more comprehensively and are classified into two main categories. Third, the bounded rationality of the consumers in the decision-making process is described more reasonably. Fourth, the sentiment dictionaries for each WOM attribute are constructed and the algorithm step of identifying the sentiment strengths is designed, which can help to identify the sentiment strengths in the online reviews more accurately. Fifth, the situation that a group plans to purchase the same products and the members have inconsistent expectations for the product attributes is considered.
Ecological houses of Southern Kazakhstan using renewable energy sources
Authors: Yussupov Ardasher Namazbay , Yussupova Akmaral Ardasherovna
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this article discusses the design of underground eco-houses using a dome structure of light construction while taking into account the historical experience of the development of the local population. This article considered the traditions of folk architecture and modern sophistication in the creation of energy-efficient eco-houses in foreign countries in the context of architecture and construction of affordable residential homes for the local population.

Design/methodology/approach

The research presented in this paper was motivated by the need for developing agro-tourism facilities in hard-to-reach areas of the Silk Road in Southern Kazakhstan causes the construction of eco-houses built using local construction materials. Since ancient times in Southern Kazakhstan and during seasonal migrations in yurts of light construction, people have lived in mud-brick houses deep in the ground. Along with architectural and artistic solutions in building construction, great importance was attached to saving material resources, labour costs and achieving heat stability of residential buildings.

Findings

In the architectural and planning solution of the eco¬-house, progressive directions of construction of agrotechnical structures using renewable energy sources are adopted. Particular importance was given to the choice of the construction site on an elevated area nearby historical monuments and a favourable season for the construction of eco-houses with considering the natural and climatic characteristics of rural areas of Southern Kazakhstan.

Research limitations/implications

This paper discussed the issues of insulation, ventilation and improving the eco-house microclimate comfort using local building materials. Improving the architectural and artistic expressiveness of the eco-house in terms of the tradition of folk architecture was also explicitly discussed in this paper.

Practical implications

Tables with the justification of expediency of construction of economical eco-houses in natural and climatic conditions of Kazakhstan and Central Asia are provided. The results help to improve the energy efficiency of eco-houses in Kazakhstan by using renewable energy sources.

Social implications

Social benefits are associated with the use of local raw materials. Eco-houses built from traditional building materials can become accessible to a wide range of people and stimulate the development of small businesses. This may be associated with the construction of eco-houses to serve visiting tourists in remote picturesque oases, as well as the manufacture of dome structures, felt products and the preparation of reed panels and so on.

Originality/value

The thermotechnical characteristics of the region's ground energy are given, which can significantly save the cost of heating the eco-house. Solutions for optimal insolation, ventilation of the eco-house are provided, taking into account the natural and climatic conditions of Southern Kazakhstan.
The effect of initial periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid galectin‐3 levels in participants with periodontal disease
Authors: Karsiyaka Hendek M , Olgun E , Kisa U
Published: December 2020

Background

The aim of study was to evaluate galectin‐3 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from periodontally healthy (H) patients and those with periodontitis (P), gingivitis (G) and the effect of initial periodontal treatment on GCF galectin‐3 level.

Methods

A total of 75 participants, 25 patients with periodontitis, 25 with gingivitis and 25 periodontally healthy subjects were included into the study. Patients with periodontal disease received initial periodontal treatment. GCF galectin‐3 level was assessed at baseline and at the 6th‐8th weeks after completion of periodontal treatment. GCF galectin‐3 level was evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

GCF galectin‐3 level was the lowest in the H group (102.31[63.07] μg/30 s), followed by the G group (241.45[145.89] μg/30 s) and the highest in the P group (338.27[219.37] μg/30 s). These differences were statistically significant between H and the other groups (P < 0.001). After initial periodontal treatment, GCF galectin‐3 level significantly decreased in the G and P groups compared to baseline values (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that GCF galectin‐3 level is a potential biomarker for the evaluation of gingival inflammation and initial periodontal treatment is effective in decreasing GCF galectin‐3 level.
Intrapartum fetal blood sampling performed at early cervical dilatation and delivery outcomes
Authors: West Simon , Ibiebele Ibinabo , Nippita Tanya
Published: December 2020

Background

Intrapartum fetal blood sampling (FBS) is a fetal well‐being diagnostic test for cardiotocogram abnormalities.

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine whether women who had their first FBS at <4 cm cervical dilation had an increased risk of operative delivery (caesarean section, instrumental delivery) compared to those women who had their first FBS ≥ 4 cm dilation.

Materials and methods

Retrospective cohort study involving labouring women who underwent FBS in a tertiary centre between 2015 and 2017. Women who had their first FBS at <4 cm dilation were compared to those who had their first FBS at ≥4 cm. The primary outcome was operative delivery (caesarean, instrumental delivery); secondary outcomes were neonatal complications. Univariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between degree of cervical dilation at first FBS and study outcomes.

Results

Among 591 women, 39 (6.6%) had their first FBS at <4 cm cervical dilation. Women in the ≥4 cm group were less likely to have a total of ≥2 FBS (P = 0.003). There was no difference in the primary outcome between the two groups. Women who had the first FBS at <4 cm dilation were twice as likely to have a caesarean section delivery (odds ratio 2.06, 95% confidence interval 1.06–3.98), although 41% had a vaginal birth (instrumental and spontaneous). There were no differences in rates of resuscitation or admission to nursery between groups.

Conclusion

Women who had their first FBS < 4cm cervical dilation were twice as likely to have a caesarean section compared to women who had their first FBS ≥ 4 cm. However, 41% had a vaginal birth, and there were no differences in fetal outcomes.
ARIA‐EAACI statement on severe allergic reactions to COVID‐19 vaccines – An EAACI‐ARIA Position Paper
Authors: Klimek Ludger , Jutel Marek , Akdis Cezmi A. , Bousquet Jean , Akdis Mübeccel , Torres Maria J , Agache Ioana , Canonica G. Walter , Del Giacco Stefano , O'Mahony Liam , Shamji Mohamed H. , Schwarze Jürgen , Untersmayr Eva , Ring Johannes , Bedbrook Anna , Worm Margitta , Zuberbier Torsten , Knol Edward , Hoffmann‐Sommergruber Karin , Chivato Tomás
Published: December 2020

Further to the approval of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine BNT162b2, several severe anaphylaxis cases occured within the first few days of public vaccination. An investigation is taking place to understand the cases and their triggers. The vaccine will be administered to a large number of individuals worldwide and there are raising concerns that severe adverse events might occur. With the current information, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) states its position for the following preliminary recommendations that are to be revised as soon as more data emerge. To minimize the risk of severe allergic reactions in vaccinated individuals, it is urgently required to understand the specific nature of the reported severe allergic reactions, including the background medical history of the individuals affected and the mechanisms involved. To achieve this goal, all clinical and laboratory information should be collected and reported. Mild and moderate allergic patients should not be excluded from the vaccine as this could have a significant impact on reaching the goal of population immunity. Healthcare practitioners vaccinating against COVID‐19 are required to be sufficiently prepared to recognize and treat anaphylaxis properly with the ability to administer adrenaline. Further to vaccine administration, a mandatory observation period of at least 15 minutes should be followed for all individuals. The current data have not shown any higher risk for patients suffering from allergic rhinitis or asthma, and this message should be clearly stated by physicians to enable our patients to trust the vaccine. More than 30% of the population suffers from allergic diseases and the benefit of the vaccination clearly outweighs the risk of severe COVID‐19 development.
Trends in singleton preterm birth in Victoria, 2007 to 2017: A consecutive cross‐sectional study
Authors: Burger Renée J. , Temmink Josephina D. , Wertaschnigg Dagmar , Ganzevoort Wessel , Reddy Maya , Davey Mary‐Ann , Wallace Euan M. , Mol Ben‐Willem
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Preterm birth is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. In many countries preterm birth rates are increasing, largely as a result of increases in iatrogenic preterm birth, whereas in other countries rates are stable or even declining. The objective of the study is to describe trends in singleton preterm births in Victoria from 2007 to 2017 in relation to trends in perinatal mortality to identify opportunities for improvements in clinical care.

Material and methods

We conducted a consecutive cross‐sectional study in all women with a singleton pregnancy giving birth at ≥20 weeks of pregnancy in Victoria, Australia, between 2007 and 2017, inclusive. Rates of preterm birth and perinatal mortality were calculated and trends were analyzed in all pregnancies, in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth problems, hypertension, (pre)eclampsia or prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM), and in (low‐risk) pregnancies not complicated by any of these conditions.

Results

There were 811 534 singleton births between 2007 and 2017. Preterm birth increased from 5.9% (4074 births) to 6.4% (4893 births; P < .001), due to an increase in iatrogenic preterm birth from 2.5% (1730 births) to 3.6% (2730 births; P < .001). Comparable trends were seen in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth problems and hypertension and in pregnancies not complicated by small for gestational age (SGA), hypertension, (pre)eclampsia or PROM (all P < .001). In pregnancies complicated by SGA, hypertension, (pre)eclampsia or PROM the perinatal mortality rate from 20 weeks of gestation fell (13 to 12 per 1000 births; P < .001). In pregnancies not complicated by SGA, hypertension, (pre)eclampsia or PROM there was no significant change in the perinatal mortality from 28 weeks and no decrease in the preterm weekly prospective stillbirth risk.

Conclusions

The singleton preterm birth rate in Victoria is increasing, driven by an increase in iatrogenic preterm birth, both in pregnancies complicated by SGA and hypertension, and in pregnancies not complicated by SGA, hypertension, (pre)eclampsia or PROM. While perinatal mortality decreased in the pregnancies complicated by SGA, hypertension, (pre)eclampsia or PROM, no significant reduction in perinatal mortality from 28 weeks or in preterm weekly prospective stillbirth risk was noted in the pregnancies not complicated by any of these conditions.
Covert rewilding: Modelling the detection of an unofficial translocation of Tasmanian devils to the Australian mainland
Authors: Bode Michael
Published: December 2020

Covert rewilding is the secret and illegal translocation of species in the pursuit of conservation objectives. Recent history contains multiple covert rewilding events, frequently occurring after official permission was denied. In order to better understand the phenomenon, I formulate covert rewilding as an optimisation problem, with the goal of creating a population that is too large to be eradicated once it is detected. I then consider a hypothetical covert rewilding of Tasmanian devils Sarcophilus harrisii to the Australian mainland. Three different release locations would allow a covert devil population to remain undetected for years, by which time its size and distribution may preclude eradication. Optimal release locations also represent optimal locations for official surveillance, but a more effective approach to halting covert rewilding could be a more permissive stance towards legal rewilding.
STAT3 and its targeting inhibitors in osteosarcoma
Authors: Liu Yun , Liao Shijie , Bennett Samuel , Tang Haijun , Song Dezhi , Wood David , Zhan Xinli , Xu Jiake
Published: December 2020

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is one of seven STAT family members involved with the regulation of cellular growth, differentiation and survival. STAT proteins are conserved among eukaryotes and are important for biological functions of embryogenesis, immunity, haematopoiesis and cell migration. STAT3 is widely expressed and located in the cytoplasm in an inactive form. STAT3 is rapidly and transiently activated by tyrosine phosphorylation by a range of signalling pathways, including cytokines from the IL‐6 family and growth factors, such as EGF and PDGF. STAT3 activation and subsequent dimer formation initiates nuclear translocation of STAT3 for the regulation of target gene transcription. Four STAT3 isoforms have been identified, which have distinct biological functions. STAT3 is considered a proto‐oncogene and constitutive activation of STAT3 is implicated in the development of various cancers, including multiple myeloma, leukaemia and lymphomas. In this review, we focus on recent progress on STAT3 and osteosarcoma (OS). Notably, STAT3 is overexpressed and associated with the poor prognosis of OS. Constitutive activation of STAT3 in OS appears to upregulate the expression of target oncogenes, leading to OS cell transformation, proliferation, tumour formation, invasion, metastasis, immune evasion and drug resistance. Taken together, STAT3 is a target for cancer therapy, and STAT3 inhibitors represent potential therapeutic candidates for the treatment of OS.
Systematic bias in studies of consumer functional responses
Authors: Novak Mark , Stouffer Daniel B.
Published: December 2020

Functional responses are a cornerstone to our understanding of consumer–resource interactions, so how to best describe them using models has been actively debated. Here we focus on the consumer dependence of functional responses to evidence systematic bias in the statistical comparison of functional‐response models and the estimation of their parameters. Both forms of bias are universal to nonlinear models (irrespective of consumer dependence) and are rooted in a lack of sufficient replication. Using a large compilation of published datasets, we show that – due to the prevalence of low sample size studies – neither the overall frequency by which alternative models achieve top rank nor the frequency distribution of parameter point estimates should be treated as providing insight into the general form or central tendency of consumer interference. We call for renewed clarity in the varied purposes that motivate the study of functional responses, purposes that can compete with each other in dictating the design, analysis and interpretation of functional‐response experiments.
Phenotypic structure of plant facilitation networks
Authors: Navarro‐Cano Jose Antonio , Goberna Marta , Valiente‐Banuet Alfonso , Verdú Miguel
Published: December 2020

Identifying the plant traits that determine the outcome of facilitation interactions is essential to understand how communities are assembled and can be restored. Plant facilitation networks are phylogenetically structured but which traits are behind such a pattern is unknown. We sampled plant interactions in stressful ecosystems from south‐eastern Spain to build seedling and adult facilitation networks. We collected 20 morphological and ecophysiological traits for 151 species involved in interactions between 879 nurse individuals benefiting 24 584 seedlings and adults. We detected a significant phenotypic signal in the seedling facilitation network that was maintained in the adult network, whereby functionally similar nurses tended to facilitate functionally similar species whose traits differ from those of their nurses. We provide empirical evidence to support a long‐lasting theoretical postulate stating that facilitation networks are phenotypically structured. Trait matching through which nurse and facilitated species avoid phenotypic overlap, and consequently competition, is the main linkage rule shaping plant facilitation networks.
The effect of red wine in modifying the salivary pellicle and modulating dental erosion kinetics
Authors: Carvalho Thiago S. , Pham Khoa N. , Niemeyer Samira H. , Baumann Tommy
Published: December 2020

This study investigated the potential of red wine in modulating dental erosion kinetics in the presence or absence of salivary pellicle. Polished human enamel specimens were used in two conditions; presence or absence of acquired enamel pellicle; and subdivided according to exposure: red wine, orange juice, apple juice, or citric acid. The specimens were incubated in clarified whole human saliva (presence of acquired enamel pellicle) or in a humid chamber (absence of acquired enamel pellicle) for 2 h at 37°C, then in the test substances for 1 min, at 25°C, under shaking. This was repeated four times. Surface hardness was measured initially and after each cycle and surface reflection intensity was measured initially and after all cycles. In the presence of acquired enamel pellicle, red wine caused the least surface hardness loss, followed by orange juice, apple juice, and citric acid. Statistically significantly less surface reflection intensity loss was observed for red wine and orange juice than for apple juice and citric acid. In the absence of acquired enamel pellicle, red wine and orange juice caused less surface hardness loss than apple juice and citric acid. Orange juice showed the least surface reflection intensity loss, followed by red wine, citric acid, and apple juice. The polyphenol composition of these drinks can notably modulate the erosion kinetics.
From Theory to Practice: On the Ground Cultural Adaption of a Parenting Intervention for Ethnic Minority Families Involved in the Child Welfare System
Authors: López‐Zerón Gabriela , Parra‐Cardona Jose Rubén , Muñoz Alexandria , Sullivan Cris M.
Published: December 2020

Child maltreatment is a major public health issue in the United States. In the federal fiscal year 2017, approximately 7.5 million children were referred to child welfare services (CSW) in the nation. Developmental, emotional, behavioral, and cognitive problems are prevalent among children referred to CWS. For those in foster care, temporary or permanent placement frequently introduces additional instability into a child’s already chaotic life, increasing their risk for deleterious physical and mental health outcomes. Limited research exists documenting the impact of efficacious culturally adapted parent training (PT) interventions aimed at serving low‐income ethnic minority families involved in CWS. The objective of this study was twofold: to explicate how a culturally adapted PT intervention for diverse families involved in CWS was perceived by participants and to better understand how interventionists adapted to families’ needs. In this study, we conducted in‐depth interviews with 14 parents who had completed the adapted intervention, as well as all of the interventionists providing the intervention. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyze and interpret the data. Parents indicated the positive impact that the intervention had on enhancing their parenting skills, as well as their ability to cope with the challenges associated with having a child removed by CWS. Interventionists described the gradual adaptations they implemented, in an effort to increase its cultural and contextual relevance. Research findings are relevant to the family therapy field as they increase understanding about culturally adapted PT interventions for ethnic minority families within CWS contexts.
Why did they change that? Practical implications of the evolving classification of neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Gill Anthony J
Published: December 2020

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) comprise neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). During the last decade the classification and grading of GIT NENs has undergone significant changes, culminating in the World Health Organisation (WHO) 2019 classification. These changes, some of which are attributable to an only partially successful attempt to achieve uniform nomenclature among different organs, include: slight changes to the cut‐off used for the Ki‐67 proliferative index to distinguish grade 1 from grade 2 NETs; an emphasis on the distinction between grade 3 NETs (low‐grade NETs with a high proliferative rate) and NECs which, by definition, are all high grade; classification of tumours with mixed non‐neuroendocrine and neuroendocrine differentiation as MiNENs; and replacement of the term ‘goblet cell carcinoid’ with ‘goblet cell adenocarcinoma’. While some of these changes seem minor, even semantic, each was made for very specific reasons which reflect an improved understanding of neuroendocrine neoplasia. The changes have definite implications for pathologists in clinical practice, not all of which may be readily apparent. This review is an attempt to explain the background behind each of the recent changes to the classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract and summarise their impact on surgical pathologists – including a guide on how to approach certain recurrent difficulties encountered with the WHO 2019 system in routine clinical practice.
The indications for biopsy in routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Loughrey Maurice B , Shepherd Neil A
Published: December 2020

This review describes the indications and contraindications for endoscopic biopsy, in routine practice, of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We accept that this review provides grounds for controversy, as our stance in certain situations is counter to some national guidelines. Nevertheless, we provide evidence to support our viewpoints, especially on efficiency and economic grounds. We describe the particular controversies concerning the biopsy assessment of Barrett's oesophagus, chronic gastritis and the duodenum in the investigation of coeliac disease. We accept that there are indications for more extensive upper GI biopsy protocols in children than in adults; the latter constitute our main focus in this article. We would encourage detailed discussion between pathologists and their endoscopy colleagues about the indications, or lack of them, for routine upper GI endoscopic biopsy, as studies have shown that adherence to agreed guidelines has resulted in a very considerable diminution in the biopsy workload without compromising patient management. Furthermore, where biopsy is indicated, we emphasise the importance of accompanying clinical information provided to the pathologist, in particular regarding biopsy site(s), and regular feedback to endoscopists to improve and maintain the quality of such information. Finally, local dialogue is also advised, when necessary, to indicate to endoscopists the need to appropriately segregate biopsies into separate, individually labelled specimens, to maximise the information that can be derived by pathological evaluation and thereby improve the quality of the final pathology report.
Recent advances in upper gastrointestinal lymphomas: molecular updates and diagnostic implications
Authors: Foukas Periklis G , Bisig Bettina , de Leval Laurence
Published: December 2020

Approximately one‐third of extranodal non‐Hodgkin lymphomas involve the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with the vast majority being diagnosed in the stomach, duodenum, or proximal small intestine. A few entities, especially diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue, represent the majority of cases. In addition, there are diseases specific to or characteristic of the GI tract, and any type of systemic lymphoma can present in or disseminate to these organs. The recent advances in the genetic and molecular characterisation of lymphoid neoplasms have translated into notable changes in the classification of primary GI T‐cell neoplasms and the recommended diagnostic approach to aggressive B‐cell tumours. In many instances, diagnoses rely on morphology and immunophenotype, but there is an increasing need to incorporate molecular genetic markers. Moreover, it is also important to take into consideration the endoscopic and clinical presentations. This review gives an update on the most recent developments in the pathology and molecular pathology of upper GI lymphoproliferative diseases.
High‐strength medium‐entropy (Ti,Zr,Hf)C ceramics up to 1800°C
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Fei , Wang Xin‐Gang , Yang Qing‐Qing , Dong Hong‐Liang , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Guo‐Jun , Jiang Dan‐Yu
Published: December 2020

Medium‐entropy (Ti,Zr,Hf)C ceramics were prepared by hot pressing a dual‐phase medium‐entropy carbide powder with low oxygen content (0.45 wt%). The results demonstrate that the medium‐entropy (Ti,Zr,Hf)C ceramics sintered at 2100°C had a relative density of 99.2% and an average grain size of 1.9 ± 0.6 μm. The flexural strength of (Ti,Zr,Hf)C carbide ceramics at room temperature was 579 ± 62 MPa. With an increase in temperature to 1600°C, the flexural strength showed an increase up to 619 ± 57 MPa, and had no significant degradation even up to 1800°C. The high‐temperature flexural strengths of (Ti,Zr,Hf)C were obviously higher than those of the monocarbide ceramics (TiC, ZrC, and HfC). The primary strengthening mechanism in (Ti,Zr,Hf)C could be attributed to the high lattice parameter mismatch effects between TiC and ZrC, which not only inhibited the fast grain coarsening of (Ti,Zr,Hf)C ceramics, but also increased the grain‐boundary strength of the obtained ceramics.
One‐step versus two‐step distal self‐expandable metal stent placement: A multicenter prospective randomized trial
Authors: Shimizu Shuya , Naitoh Itaru , Okumura Fumihiro , Hirano Atsuyuki , Miyabe Katsuyuki , Nishi Yuji , Takada Hiroki , Haneda Kenichi , Anbe Kaiki , Yoshida Michihiro , Kondo Hiromu , Sano Hitoshi , Hayashi Kazuki , Kataoka Hiromi
Published: December 2020

Background and Aim

Two methods of transpapillary covered self‐expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement are used for distal malignant biliary obstruction (MBO): after initial drainage by plastic stent (two‐step method) and without previous drainage (one‐step method).

Methods

In total, 90 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer and distal MBO were enrolled in this prospective multicenter randomized study and allocated to one‐step (n = 45) and two‐step (n = 45) groups. The main outcome was the time to recurrent biliary obstruction (TRBO). Secondary outcomes were the rates of early and late adverse events, survival time, the time required for bilirubin level reduction, and cost‐effectiveness.

Results

The median TRBO did not differ significantly between the one‐step and two‐step groups (not available vs 314 days, P = 0.134). SEMS migration occurred significantly more frequently in the two‐step group (14.3% vs 0%, P = 0.026). No significant difference was observed between groups in early (7.3% vs 14.3%, P = 0.483) or late (12.2% and 11.9%, P = 1) adverse events other than RBO, survival time (P = 0.104), or the median number of days required to reach a bilirubin level considered to be acceptable for chemotherapy administration (<3 mg/dL; P = 0.881). The total costs of stent placement and reintervention were significantly lower in the one‐step SEMS group (3347 vs 5465 US dollars, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The superiority of TRBO with two‐step SEMS placement was not demonstrated. One‐step SEMS placement might be a promising method from the viewpoints of cost‐effectiveness and less invasiveness (UMIN‐CTR clinical trial registration number: UMIN000016010).
Redesign of an informed consent form to increase participation in a school‐based dental program
Authors: Mantilla Rodriguez Andres A. , Soto Armando , Martinez Mier E. Angeles
Published: December 2020

Objectives

The study aimed to determine if modifications to the design of a consent form and consenting process increased participation rates in the Indiana University School of Dentistry's Mobile School‐Based Dental Program (Seal Indiana).

Methods

Kaizen methodology was followed to identify problem areas in the consenting process. Additionally, stakeholders were invited to participate in focus groups and fill out surveys to identify issues preventing participation in the Seal Indiana program (N = 48) and later to evaluate the changes made (N = 48). The redesigned form and process were then used in a pilot study at 14 sites to determine the impact that changes had on levels of participation as measured by the number of consent forms completed and returned.

Results

There was a statistically significant increase in the number of consent forms returned. The measured change represented a 32 percent increase in program participation (P value = 0.035). A statistically significant increase was observed in how participants viewed the attractiveness of the form and how easy it was to read and comprehend.

Conclusions

In order to increase consenting rates, our results indicate modifications to the consent form should be focused on the following characteristics: esthetics, ease of reading and comprehending information, and making the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPPA) privacy regulations easier to read and comprehend.
Genealogical concordance, comparative species delimitation, and the specific status of the Caspian pipefish Syngnathus caspius (Teleostei: Syngnathidae)
Authors: Zarei Fatah , Esmaeili Hamid Reza , Abbasi Keyvan , Sayyadzadeh Golnaz , Eagderi Soheil , Coad Brian W.
Published: December 2020

To evaluate the specific validity of the Caspian pipefish Syngnathus caspius, we used a comparative molecular species delimitation method on a COI barcode library of Syngnathus, as well as principles of genealogical concordance. Comparative species delimitation allowed us to delineate putative species without a priori assignment of individuals to nominal species, while genealogical concordance extended our species delimitation results to multiple genes, multiple codistributed species, and comparisons with biogeographic evidence. All species delimitation analyses including two topology‐based, one network‐based, and one distance‐based analysis showed genetically isolated lineages of pipefish in the Black and Caspian Sea, corresponding to S. abaster and S. caspius, respectively. Mean evolutionary divergence between the two lineages (0.029) was within the range separating species of Syngnathus (0.024–0.217). The interclade/intraclade ratio of variation was comparable to the operational criterion of divergence between clades greater or equal to 10 × the level within clades to recognize separate species. Our argument on taxonomic validity of S. caspius is also supported by the principles of genealogical concordance as a conceptual basis for recognition of biological species. As a second objective, using a limited number of S. caspius specimens from two semi‐confined water bodies along the Caspian Sea south coastal zone (i.e., Anzali Wetland in the west and Gorgan Bay in the east), we searched for a possible matrilineal structure. The retrieved phylogeographic pattern was characterized by a shallow genealogy and lineage distributions varied, most probably caused by low to modest contemporary gene flow between populations of S. caspius across the southern Caspian Sea that are linked tightly through history.
Mental distress among adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: de Rooij Willemijn E. , Bennebroek Evertsz' Floor , Lei A. , Bredenoord Albert J.
Published: December 2020

Rationale

Data on the prevalence of mental distress among adult eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) patients are scarce. Also, a significant gap remains in the understanding of which determinants are related to significant psychological symptoms and whether distressed patients require and receive mental care.

Methods

Adult EoE patients were invited to complete standardized measures on anxiety/depressive symptoms (HADS) and general psychopathology (SCL‐90‐R). All scores were compared to general population norms. Socio‐demographic and clinical factors were assessed.

Results

In total, 147 adult EoE patients (61% males, age 43 (IQR 29–52) years were included (response rate 71%). No difference with general population values was found for total anxiety and depressive symptoms (7.8 ± 6.6 vs. 8.4 ± 6.3; p = 0.31). A total of 38/147(26%) patients reported high levels of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms (HADS‐A ≥ 8: 35/147(24%) and HADS‐D ≥ 8: 14/147(10%)), indicative of a possible psychiatric disorder. In a multivariate analysis, age between 18–35 years was independently associated with high levels of anxiety (HADS‐A ≥ 8) (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.3–6.9; p = 0.01). The SCL‐90‐R Global Severity Index (GSI) was significantly higher compared to the general population (p < 0.001). Significant signs of general mental distress (GSI ≥ 80th percentile) were observed in 51(36%) EoE patients, of which 29(57%) patients denied having any mental problems and only 8(16%) patients received mental care.

Conclusion

A considerable proportion of adult EoE patients suffers from mental distress, with a 3‐fold risk of significant anxiety in those patients younger than 35 years. Therefore, population‐based studies are required and a proactive approach in the screening for and treatment of these psychological symptoms in EoE practice seems essential.
Long‐term sirolimus treatment in blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Weiss Doris , Teichler Anne , Hoeger Peter H.
Published: December 2020

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome is a rare vascular syndrome characterized by continuous eruption of vascular nodules in the skin, mucous membranes, and solid organs due to somatic activating mutations of the angiopoietin receptor TEK gene. It may be complicated by acute life‐threatening hemorrhage and localized intravascular coagulation. We report an 11‐year‐old girl with complicated blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome treated with sirolimus since the age of 2. We review the literature on sirolimus therapy for children with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome.
Utility of gastric biopsy in diagnosing IgG4‐related gastrointestinal disease
Authors: Uchino Kaori , Notohara Kenji , Uehara Takeshi , Kuraishi Yasuhiro , Itakura Junya , Matsukawa Akihiro
Published: December 2020

The utility of gastric biopsy for diagnosing immunoglobulin (Ig)G4‐related gastrointestinal disease (IgG4‐GID) remains unclear. Bottom‐heavy plasmacytosis (BHP) is a distinct feature of IgG4‐GID. To clarify the feasibility of using gastric biopsies to diagnose BHP in IgG4‐GID, we analyzed the histological features and immunostaining of gastric biopsy specimens from 31 known IgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) patients and we assessed the presence of BHP in 1696 consecutive routine gastric biopsies. Cases with both >10 IgG4‐positive plasma cells per high‐power field and an IgG4/IgG‐positive ratio >40% were defined as IgG4‐high. Ten of the 31 IgG4‐RD patients were concluded to have IgG4‐GID, in which IgG4‐positive plasma cells were notably detected at the deeper part of the mucosa. Six cases displayed BHP whereas the remaining four cases showed transmural infiltration with concomitant Helicobacter pylori‐associated gastritis. In addition to BHP, we identified two unique histologic features for IgG4‐GID: plasmacytic aggregation in the muscularis mucosae and permeative plasmacytic infiltration between fundic glands in the non‐atrophic mucosa. Six of the routine cases (0.35%) displayed BHP, including a case with IgG4‐RD. IgG4‐GID can be suspected by the presence of gastric biopsy specimens with characteristic histological features. Such cases are recommended to undergo further examinations to determine whether IgG4‐RD is present.
Network optimization approach to delineating health care service areas: Spatially constrained Louvain and Leiden algorithms
Authors: Wang Changzhen , Wang Fahui , Onega Tracy
Published: December 2020

Constructing service areas is an important task for evaluating geographic variations of health care markets. This study uses cancer care as an example to illustrate the methodology, with the nine‐state Northeast Region of the USA as the study area. Two recent algorithms of network community detection are implemented to account for additional constraints such as spatial connectivity and threshold region size. The refined methods are termed “spatially constrained Louvain” (ScLouvain) and “spatially constrained Leiden” (ScLeiden) algorithms, corresponding to their predecessors the Louvain and Leiden algorithms, respectively. Both are network optimization methods that maximize flows within delineated communities while minimizing inter‐community flows. The service areas derived by the methods, termed “cancer service areas”, are more favorable than the commonly used comparable unit, hospital referral regions, for evaluating cancer‐specific variations in care. Between the two, the ScLeiden performs better than the ScLouvain in terms of modularity, localization index and computational efficiency, and thus is recommended as an effective and efficient approach for defining functional regions.
Harms to health and well-being experienced by adult victims of interpersonal violence: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Olive Philippa , Hives Lucy , Wilson Neil , Nowland Rebecca , Clegg Andrew
Published: December 2020

Objective:

The purpose of this scoping review is to identify the extent of research exploring the harms to health and well-being experienced by adult victims of different types of interpersonal violence.

Introduction:

Interpersonal violence is defined as violence between individuals. It can take many forms and may be physical, sexual, psychological, coercive, or deprivational in nature. Harms to health and well-being from being subjected to interpersonal violence are common and often endure long-term. Interpersonal violence may cause physical injury, often has mental health impacts, and is associated with greater risk for long-term medical conditions. Although a substantial body of research of the harms of different types of interpersonal violence exists, to date this has not been collated and mapped; this scoping review will address this gap.

Inclusion criteria:

Peer-reviewed primary and secondary research studies that address the negative effects of interpersonal violence on the health and well-being of adult victims will be included. Studies of group violence, military veterans, and violence as acts of war will be excluded.

Methods:

Six electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, Embase, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, and Cochrane Library) and web sources of specialist gray literature will be searched. The search will be restricted to publications from 2000 onward. Only studies published in English will be included. Screening and data extraction will be assessed by independent researcher verification processes. Relevant studies and their characteristics will be summarized using a pre-designed data extraction form. Further data synthesis will be undertaken to produce a coherent and comprehensive map of research in the field, identify gaps, and inform priorities for future directions of research and innovation.
Gender in Coed Team Sports: A Social Psychological Perspective
Authors: Vanzella-Yang Adam , Finger Tobias
Published: December 2020

Coed team sports typically offer different experiences for women and men. Though scholars have documented gender imbalances in participation within such teams, the social psychological processes at play and the broader consequences of unequal participation have rarely been explored. In this paper, the authors revisit coed team sports through the lens of status construction theory and expectation states theory to suggest that coed teams reinforce gendered notions of worth, prestige, and competence in the field of sport. The authors draw on research showing that mixed-sex settings where people must cooperate to achieve a common goal are especially prone to the reproduction of gender stereotypes. This paper builds bridges between two subfields of sociology and illuminates gender dynamics in a coed sport that has not been previously studied (futsal).
Pfizer's vaccine raises allergy concerns
Authors: de Vrieze Jop
Published: December 2020

Polymer in mRNA's “packaging” may cause rare anaphylactic reactions
Primary dengue infection triggered haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a neonate
Authors: Agrawal Gopal , Wazir Sanjay , Sachdeva Anupam , Kumar Surender
Published: December 2020

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive syndrome which has characteristic symptoms and laboratory findings. Infection is a common trigger of HLH. We report a 2700 g male infant with persistent fever, massive hepatosplenomegaly and severe thrombocytopaenia. Laboratory evidence of primary dengue infection was detected. Investigations revealed hypertriglyceridaemia, hypofibrinogenaemia, hyperferritinaemia and elevated soluble CD25. Bone marrow examination revealed haemophagocytes. The diagnostic criteria for HLH were fulfilled. A diagnosis of secondary HLH triggered by primary dengue infection was considered. Dexamethasone was initiated and continued for 8 weeks. He responded clinically with regression of hepatosplenomegaly, was afebrile and platelet counts normalised. Dengue‐associated HLH is often missed clinically as treating physicians focus more on the underlying infection and its treatment. In neonates, HLH should be considered as differential diagnosis of sepsis and other viral infections, particularly in situations of inappropriate response to standard management.
Improving physician handover documentation process for patient transfer from paediatric intensive care unit to general ward
Authors: Alali Hamza , Antar Mohannad , AlShehri Ali , AlHamouieh Ousaima , Al-Surimi Khaled , Kazzaz Yasser
Published: December 2020

Background

Inadequate handover communication is responsible for many adverse events during the transfer of care, which can be attributed to many factors, including incomplete documentation or lack of standardised documentation process. The quality improvement project aimed to standardise the handover documentation process during patient transfer from paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) to the general paediatric ward.

Methods

Data analysis revealed lack of proper handover documentation with the omission of vital information when transferring patients from PICU to general ward. The quality improvement team assessed the current handover documentation practice using a brainstorming technique during multiple meetings. The team evaluated the process for possible causes of incomplete handover documentation, framed the existing challenges, and proposed improvement interventions, including a standardised handover form and conducting education sessions for the new proposed process. The main quality measures included physician’s compliance with handover documentation elements, physician’s satisfaction and PICU emergency readmission rate within 48 hours.

Results

Physician compliance to handover documentation improved from 29.5% to 95.5% before and after implanting the improvement interventions, respectively. The level of physician satisfaction with the quality of communicated information during the handover process improved from 47.5% to 84%, and the PICU emergency readmission rate declined from 3.8% to zero after all improvement interventions were implanted.

Conclusion

Implementation of standardised handover form is essential to improve physician compliance for clear handover documentation and to avoid data omission during the patient transfer process. Documented handover in patient’s medical record has positive impact on physician satisfaction when managing patients recently discharged from PICU.
Wave function of perturbed Hamiltonian in graphene
Authors: Showkat M. , Shah M. A.
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we use the generalized Dirac structure beyond the linear regime of graphene. This is probed using the a deformation of the Dirac structure in graphene by the generalized uncertainty principle. Here, the Planck length is replaced by the graphene lattice spacing. As the graphene sheet is bounded by two boundaries, we analyze this system with suitable boundary conditions. We solve the perturbed Hamiltonian and derive the wave function for this system. We observe that the energy of this system gets corrected due to this deformation. We explicitly calculate these corrections to the energy of this system.