bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The communicative and linguistic competence formation model among students of philology
Authors: Kylyshpayeva Sarbinaz Hamitovna  , Onalbayeva Aigul Tynybekovna
Published: March 2021

"The relevance of this article is due to the need to create a model for the formation of the communicative and linguistic competence of students-philologists through the development of psychological mechanisms. It is proposed to consider the formation of communicative and linguistic competence as a process aimed at acquiring skills, abilities and knowledge, developing qualities and abilities that help solve the communicative tasks of philology students. A detailed review of the model for the development of the communicative and linguistic competence of philology students is given. The model includes 5 blocks and 3 modules. The developed model is aimed at developing the linguistic persona of the philologist, ready for a competent dialogue with the interlocutor, in which there is awareness and acceptance, as well as the development of his communication and language skills in order to correctly state his position. "
Білім беру тәжірибесінде дизайн-ойлау әдісін қолдану
Authors: Куанжанова Кундыз Тугелбайқызы  , Аширбаева Назиля Нурканатовна
Published: March 2021

"Әлем қарқынды өзгеріс үстінде, бүгін біз бір мәселені шешеміз, ал ертең ол қайтадан өзекті мәселеге айналады. Сондықтан өскелең ұрпақты икемділікке үйрету керек, кез-келген мәселені креативті, ерекше шеше алатын бойына сапаларды дамыту қажет.. Білім беру парадигмасының өзгеруіне байланысты оқу үдерісін ұйымдастыруға жаңа талаптар қойылып жатыр. Берілген мақалада білім беру үдерісінде тиімді қолдануға және өскелең ұрпақтың психологиялық процестерін, қасиеттерін, тұлғалық сапаларын дамыта алуға мүмкіндік беретін дизайн-ойлау әдісінің маңызы туралы айтылады. Дизайн-ойлау – бұл мәселені шешудің жаңаша, креативті тәсілі, мұнда бірінші орында тұтынушы/азамат және оның қажеттіліктерін толыққанды қанағаттандыру үшін инновациялық шешімдерді ұсыну тұр. Бұл шығармашылық әдіс, командалық жұмыс, адамдарға бағдар беру, қызығушылықты ояту, мәселеге оптимизммен қарау – қазіргі проблемаларды шешудің жаңа жолдарын іздеу, табу, анықтау үшін қолданылатын әдіс. Мақалада дизайн-ойлау әдісінің анықтамасы, тарихы, қағидалары («Ерте қателес, көп қате жібер», «Бір прототип мың сөзді құрайды», «Бірінші іс – тұтынушыдан сұрау», «Бірге жасаңыз!», «Иә, және ...!») және кезеңдері (эмпатия, фокус қою, идеяларды ұсыну, прототип және тестілеу) қарастырылған. Сонымен қатар, аталған әдісті педагог тәжірибесінде қолдану мысалы берілген. "
Statistical Evaluation of Risky Driver Behavior Factors that Influence Road Safety based on Drivers Age and Driving Experience in Budapest and Islamabad
Authors: Farooq Danish
Published: March 2021

Driver behavior is considered as one of the most influential factors on road safety. Most of the drivers on road involve in risky driving attitudes which cause fatal and seriously injured road accidents. This study aims to evaluate and compare the risky driver behavior factors that influence road safety based on drivers age and driving experience for Budapest and Islamabad. To achieve this, the study utilized the well-proved driver behavior questionnaire (DBQ) designed on a three-point scale to analyse statistically the driver behavior responses on perceived road safety issues. The study overall results found that drivers with age group ‘18-21 year’ and drivers with driving experience less than one year are more likely to involve in risky driver behavior factors as compared to other studied groups. Furthermore, the Budapest drivers with age group ‘18-21 year’ and driving experience less than one year are more concerned in risky driver behavior factors such as ‘disregard speed limit’, ‘failing to use personal intelligent assistant’ and ‘frequently changing lanes’. While Islamabad drivers with the same demographic characteristics are more concerned in several risky driver behavior factors as compared to other age and driving experience groups. Moreover, ANOVA analysis was run to measure the statistical significance of risky driver behavior factors between designated groups of drivers. Finally, relative risk (RR) was measured to compare that how much times one driver group is more likely to involve in risky driver behavior factors as compared to the other driver group in the sample. The study highlighted the most frequent risky driver behavior factors for each observed group to help the local policymakers to solve related road safety issues.
Proyecto y representación. El Palacio de los Soviets y la Œuvre complète 1929-1934
Authors: Ponce Gregorio Pedro , Peris Blat Ignacio , Sanchis Gisbert Salvador José
Published: March 2021

Como para tantos otros arquitectos, la representación de los proyectos resulta esencial para Le Corbusier. De ahí que las publicaciones, lejos de ser entendidas por el maestro como meros mecanismos de lucimiento o exhibición, detenten además la posibilidad de “construir” algunas de las ideas más esquivas de sus edificios. Sobre todo, en el caso de todos aquellos trabajos no realizados como el Palacio de los Soviets de Moscú (1931), editado y publicado por el arquitecto hasta el último momento de su existencia. Y es que si bien fueron numerosas las páginas en las que este proyecto aparece, ninguna será más importante como la ineludible Œuvre complète, donde el palais cuenta con un total de quince páginas -completamente maquetadas y escritas por Le Corbusier- con las que trataremos de acceder a algunos de los secretos más íntimos y desconocidos de este importante proyecto de arquitectura.
Sentir, pensar, hacer. Conceptos creativos en los proyectos de Luis Longhi
Authors: Crespo-Fajardo José Luis , Sagbay-Jaramillo Geovanny , Pillacela-Chin Luisa
Published: March 2021

Luis Longhi, arquitecto de larga trayectoria y reconocimiento en Perú, ha desarrollado a través de los años una serie de concepciones creativas próximas a la fenomenología de la arquitectura que son examinadas en el presente artículo. Sus originales conceptos teóricos introducen proposiciones derivadas de la experiencia académica, profesional y vivencial. El presente estudio analiza estas nociones poniéndolas en relación con sus principales proyectos arquitectónicos e instalaciones, los cuales le han convertido en un referente del diseño peruano contemporáneo, con un marcado ascendente en el ámbito internacional. Las ideas de Longhi merecen un estudio particular. Examinamos el valor que concede al arte y la intuición, al diálogo dentro de la formación académica, a la cultura ancestral peruana y a la naturaleza. En la conclusión se aprecia que sus concepciones creativas están sustentadas por un fuerte vínculo entre sentir (lo artístico), pensar (lo académico) y hacer (la práctica profesional).
Tono vs. código El color en el curso básico de la Hochschule für Gestaltung Ulm
Authors: Fernández Campos Ángel Luis , Sánchez Moya María Dolores
Published: March 2021

La didáctica del color en el curso básico de la Hochschule für Gestaltung Ulm evidencia la revolucionaria renovación de las enseñanzas que la escuela alemana lleva a cabo en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. La formación básica de los futuros diseñadores y arquitectos de la nueva sociedad industrial registra un innovador cambio de rumbo en el que el color supera su condición exclusiva como elemento plástico.

El artículo desarrolla el itinerario pedagógico desde el color aplicado como tono hacia el color empleado como código. La revisión y confrontación de las experiencias docentes revela la influencia que tienen los cursos protagonizados por los antiguos miembros de la Bauhaus para la labor transformadora que lleva a cabo Tomás Maldonado. La enseñanza inicial bascula entre una perspectiva analítica y otra experimental para culminar en la resolución de problemas en los que el color es un parámetro más de un proceso programado.
El papel de la fotografía y el fotomontaje en el proyecto del Monumento a Aita Donostia (Jorge Oteiza y Luis Vallet)
Authors: Etxepare Igiñiz Lauren , García Nieto Fernando
Published: March 2021

Una vez que Jorge Oteiza definiera la estela en homenaje a Aita Donostia por encargo de la Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, comenzaba el desarrollo, por parte de Luis Vallet, del proyecto arquitectónico para la capilla que iba a acompañarla. Vallet se encargó de integrar la estela, la capilla y los crómlech milenarios de Agiña, haciendo uso de la fotografía como herramienta de trabajo aplicada en todos los estadios de proyecto. Durante el proyecto, que arrancó en noviembre de 1956 y finalizó en verano de 1959, Oteiza y Vallet emplearon dos técnicas, la fotografía y el fotomontaje, y tres tipos de cámara fotográfica: una Weltaflex, una Polaroid  y una Leica. Es hora de sacar a la luz los aspectos técnicos de los distintos reportajes, las influencias bajo las cuales fueron realizados y los motivos por los que optaron por una determinada técnica o cámara en cada una de las fases.
Semantische Revisionskontrolle für die Evolution von Informations- und Datenmodellen
Authors: Hensel Stephan
Published: March 2021

Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wurde ein Revision Management System zur durchgängigen Unterstützung der Evolution von Informations- und Datenmodellen entwickelt, das Revisionsverwaltungs- und Evolutionsmechanismen integriert. Besonderheit ist hierbei die technologieunabhängige mathematische und semantische Beschreibung, die eine Überführung des Konzepts in unterschiedliche Technologien ermöglicht. Beispielhaft wurde das Konzept für das Semantic Web als Weiterentwicklung des Open-Source-Projektes R43ples umgesetzt.

...
Use of automatic refractometer infrared images to screen pigment dispersion syndrome: a cross-sectional observational study from a preliminary hypothesis
Authors: Brusini Paolo , Papa Veronica
Published: March 2021

Background: This study was performed to evaluate the use of anterior segment images, obtained with an automatic refractometer, to identify early defects of the iris pigment epithelium in patients with pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) or pigmentary glaucoma (PG) without observable alterations at the slit lamp.

Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, carried out from January 2018 to December 2019, in Policlinico Citta di Udine Health Center, Udine, Italy, we observed anterior segment infrared images of 1700 subjects who were undergoing routine ophthalmological examination using an automatic refractometer. We selected infrared images of subjects who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria and looked for a focal defect in the iris pigment epithelium.

Results: Twenty patients with focal iris pigment epithelial defect were identified and none of them showed evident signs of PDS. After the necessary explanations, they agreed to have further examinations to verify the possibility of PDS. An in-depth evaluation of ocular structures, including gonioscopy, demonstrated the presence of PDS in all subjects with iris defects.

Conclusions: The use of infrared images obtained by an automatic refractometer could provide early and easy identification of PDS in crowded ophthalmology clinics or mass screening programs; yet, more well-designed studies are necessary to confirm these preliminary findings and prove this proposed screening tool.
Surgical versus optical treatment for anisometropia in adults: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Iqbal Mohammed , Mahmoud Ali , Zarif Marcos , Gad Ahmad
Published: March 2021

Background: We evaluated and compared outcomes of laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) versus optical spectacle correction for the treatment of anisometropia in adult patients.

Methods: This prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial included 50 eyes of 50 patients. We randomly allocated participants to Group A (25 eyes with anisometropia assigned to LASIK treatment) and Group B (25 eyes with anisometropia assigned to optical spectacle correction). All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, subjective and cycloplegic refraction, fundus, slit-lamp, and corneal topography examinations.

Results: In Group A, at 1-month postoperatively, there were statistically significant differences in uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, refractive sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent (SE) as compared to baseline. At 3-months postoperatively in Group A, SE showed good stability within ± 0.50 diopter (D) in 22 eyes (88%) and within ± 0.75 D in 23 eyes (92%), while two eyes had an SE beyond 1.00 D emmetropia. Five eyes had amblyopia with minimal improvement in two eyes in Group A after LASIK, and no improvement in three eyes treated with spectacles in Group B. Two amblyopic eyes had developed ocular deviations by the end of the study that referred to the strabismus unit.

Conclusions: Our outcomes revealed that LASIK was more effective and advantageous than spectacles in the treatment of different types of anisometropia in adults. However, future randomized trials should focus on optical versus surgical treatment of anisometropia and anisometropic amblyopia in both pediatric and adult patients, to verify these conclusions before generalizing this treatment modality.
Overview of pharmacological treatments for presbyopia
Authors: Orman Betina , Benozzi Giovanna
Published: March 2021

Background: Presbyopia is the normal progressive waning of accommodation with loss of the visual ability to focus on objects residing at different distances. Presbyopia exacts a cost in quality of life and professional efficiency of many people over 40 years of age. Presbyopia is likely to be 1 of the main pressing visual concerns of the 21st century, given that life expectancy is increasing, resulting in an aging population. This review aimed to address the 3 strategies of the pharmacological treatment for presbyopia.

Methods: A review on PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov was performed to investigate the English literature on pharmacological treatment for presbyopia from beginning-of-year 2012 to September 30, 2020.

Results: In addition to the treatment of presbyopia with glasses or contact lenses, new surgical strategies have been developed, some of which have been successful. However, during the last decade, a new, promising, non-invasive option for treating presbyopia has emerged: the pharmacological approach. Many researchers have developed 3 different lines of investigation from different assumptions, on a pharmacological basis. The first consisted of producing miosis, to take advantage of a pharmacologically induced pinhole effect, increasing depth-of-focus, and thus improving uncorrected near visual acuity. The second aimed to rehabilitate accommodation binocularly to enable good vision at all distances. Finally, the third approach attempted to rehabilitate lost elasticity in the human crystalline lens.

Conclusions: None of the 3 discussed pharmacological strategies for treating presbyopia, prescribed globally, but patients of restoring accommodation strategy can adhere locally, where they are sold so far as master prescriptions.
Higher-order aberrations following wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis
Authors: Vural Esra , Kilic Deniz , Cicek Ayse , Sirem M. Rasit , Duru Necati , Atas Mustafa
Published: March 2021

Background: We aimed to evaluate higher-order aberrations (HOAs) following wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism.

Methods: This retrospective observational case-control study included patients who underwent wavefront-guided PRK (40 eyes of 20 patients) or LASIK (40 eyes of 20 patients) between August 2018 and November 2018 at the refractive surgery unit of Kayseri City Hospital Eye Clinic, Turkey. The corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction, corneal topography, and HOAs were evaluated preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively in all patients.

Results: The mean age ± standard deviation (SD) was 27.13 ± 5.54 years and 29.10 ± 4.38 years in the PRK and LASIK groups, respectively (P = 0.06). Both groups had a mean CDVA of 1.00. The mean ± SD of spherical and spherical equivalent values was -2.09 ± 1.56 diopter (D) and -3.03 ± 1.72 D in the PRK group and -2.23 ± 1.69 D and -3.35 ± 1.71 D in the LASIK group, respectively (P = 0.58). When the preoperative and postoperative HOAs and root mean square (RMS) values (for a 6-mm pupil diameter) were compared in the PRK group, a significant difference was found in vertical coma and total RMS values (P = 0.003 and P ˂ 0.001, respectively); in the LASIK group, there was a significant difference in preoperative and postoperative vertical coma and total RMS values (P = 0.0.001 and P ˂ 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in preoperative and postoperative vertical coma values between the two groups (P = 0.735 and P = 0.583, respectively).

Conclusions: In terms of HOAs, total RMS values decreased significantly and vertical coma values increased significantly at 3 months postoperatively in both PRK and LASIK groups. However, there were no differences between the two groups.
Physical and chemical constraints on transformation and mass-increase of fine aerosols in northeast Asia
Authors: Lim Saehee , Lee Meehye , Laj Paolo , Kim Sang-Woo , Ahn Kang-Ho , Gil Junsoo , Shang Xiaona , Zanatta Marco , Kang Kyeong-Sik
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Over the past few decades, northeast Asia has suffered from the extreme levels of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 μm). Despite extensive efforts and the scientific advances in understanding PM2.5 pollution, the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the occurrence of high PM2.5 concentrations have not been comprehensively understood. In this study, we investigated the physical and chemical drivers for the formation and transformation of atmospheric particles using a four-year dataset of nanoparticle number size distributions, PM2.5 chemical composition, gaseous precursors, and meteorological variables in northeast Asia outflows. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses of size-separated particle numbers extracted two modes representing a burst of nanoparticles (EOF1) and an increase in PM2.5 mass (EOF2) associated with persistent anticyclone and synoptic-scale stagnation, respectively. The vertical structure of the particles demonstrated that the synoptic conditions also affected the daily evolution of boundary layer, promoting either the formation of nanoparticles through deep mixing or conversion into accumulation-mode particles in shallow mixed layers. In the haze-development episode equivalent to EOF2 during the KORUS-AQ (KORea-US Air Quality) campaign, the PM2.5 mass reached 63 μg m−3 with the highest contribution from inorganic constituents, which was accompanied by a thick coating of refractory black carbon (rBC) that linearly increased with condensation-mode particles. This observational evidence suggests that the thick coating of rBC resulted from an active conversion of condensable gases into particle-phase on the BC surface, thereby increasing the mass of the accumulation-mode aerosol. Consequently, this result complies with the strategy to reduce black carbon as a way to effectively mitigate haze pollution as well as climate change in northeast Asia.
Performance evaluation of multiple satellite rainfall products for Dhidhessa River Basin (DRB), Ethiopia
Authors: Wedajo Gizachew Kabite , Muleta Misgana Kebede , Awoke Berhan Gessesse
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Precipitation is a crucial driver of hydrological processes. Ironically, a reliable characterization of its spatiotemporal variability is challenging. Ground-based rainfall measurement using rain gauges is more accurate. However, installing a dense gauging network to capture rainfall variability can be impractical. Satellite-based rainfall estimates (SREs) could be good alternatives, especially for data-scarce basins like in Ethiopia. However, SRE rainfall is plagued with uncertainties arising from many sources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the latest versions of several SRE products (i.e., CHIRPS2, IMERG6, TAMSAT3 and 3B42/3) for the Dhidhessa River Basin (DRB). Both statistical and hydrological modeling approaches were used for the performance evaluation. The Soil and Water Analysis Tool (SWAT) was used for hydrological simulations. The results showed that whereas all four SRE products are promising to estimate and detect rainfall for the DRB, the CHIRPS2 dataset performed the best at annual, seasonal and monthly timescales. The hydrological simulation-based evaluation showed that SWAT's calibration results are sensitive to the rainfall dataset. The hydrological response of the basin is found to be dominated by the subsurface processes, primarily by the groundwater flux. Overall, the study showed that both CHIRPS2 and IMERG6 products could be reliable rainfall data sources for the hydrological analysis of the DRB. Moreover, the climatic season in the DRB influences rainfall and streamflow estimation. Such information is important for rainfall estimation algorithm developers.
Northern Hemisphere atmospheric pattern enhancing Eastern Mediterranean Transient-type events during the past 1000 years
Authors: Cortina-Guerra Aleix , Gomez-Navarro Juan José , Martrat Belen , Montávez Juan Pedro , Incarbona Alessandro , Grimalt Joan O. , Sicre Marie-Alexandrine , Mortyn P. Graham
Published: March 2021

Abstract. High resolution climate model simulations for the last millennium were used to elucidate the main winter Northern Hemisphere atmospheric pattern during enhanced Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT-type) events, a situation in which an additional overturning cell is detected in the Mediterranean at the Aegean Sea. The differential upward heat flux between the Aegean Basin and the Gulf of Lions was taken as a proxy of EMT-type events and correlated with winter mean geopotential height at 500 mb in the Northern Hemisphere (200 N-900 N and 1000 W-800 E). Correlations revealed a pattern similar to the Eastern Atlantic/Western Russian (EA/WR) mode as the main driver of EMT-type events, with the past 1000 yr of EA/WR-like mode simulations being enhanced during insolation minima. Our model results are consistent with alkenone Sea Surface Temperature (SST) reconstructions that documented an increase in the west-east basin gradients during EMT-type events.
Meteorological observations collected during the Storms and Precipitation Across the continental Divide Experiment (SPADE), April–June 2019
Authors: Thériault Julie M. , Déry Stephen J. , Pomeroy John W. , Smith Hilary M. , Almonte Juris , Bertoncini André , Crawford Robert W. , Desroches-Lapointe Aurélie , Lachapelle Mathieu , Mariani Zen , Mitchell Selina , Morris Jeremy E. , Hébert-Pinard Charlie , Rodriguez Peter , Thompson Hadleigh D.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The continental divide along the spine of the Canadian
Rockies in southwestern Canada is a critical headwater region for
hydrological drainages to the Pacific, Arctic, and Atlantic oceans. Major
flooding events are typically attributed to heavy precipitation on its
eastern side due to upslope (easterly) flows. Precipitation can also occur
on the western side of the divide when moisture originating from the Pacific
Ocean encounters the west-facing slopes of the Canadian Rockies. Often,
storms propagating across the divide result in significant precipitation on
both sides. Meteorological data over this critical region are sparse, with
few stations located at high elevations. Given the importance of all these
types of events, the Storms and Precipitation Across the continental Divide
Experiment (SPADE) was initiated to enhance our knowledge of the atmospheric
processes leading to storms and precipitation on either side of the
continental divide. This was accomplished by installing specialized
meteorological instrumentation on both sides of the continental divide and
carrying out manual observations during an intensive field campaign from 24 April–26 June 2019. On the eastern side, there were two field sites: (i) at
Fortress Mountain Powerline (2076 m a.s.l.) and (ii) at Fortress Junction
Service, located in a high-elevation valley (1580 m a.s.l.). On the western
side, Nipika Mountain Resort, also located in a valley (1087 m a.s.l.), was
chosen as a field site. Various meteorological instruments were deployed
including two Doppler light detection and ranging instruments (lidars),
three vertically pointing micro rain radars, and three optical disdrometers.
The three main sites were nearly identically instrumented, and observers
were on site at Fortress Mountain Powerline and Nipika Mountain Resort
during precipitation events to take manual observations of precipitation
type and microphotographs of solid particles. The objective of the field
campaign was to gather high-temporal-frequency meteorological data and to
compare the different conditions on either side of the divide to study the
precipitation processes that can lead to catastrophic flooding in the
region. Details on field sites, instrumentation used, and collection methods
are discussed. Data from the study are publicly accessible from the
Federated Research Data Repository at https://doi.org/10.20383/101.0221 (Thériault et al., 2020). This
dataset will be used to study atmospheric conditions associated with
precipitation events documented simultaneously on either side of a
continental divide. This paper also provides a sample of the data gathered
during a precipitation event.
Production of Definitive Data from Indonesian Geomagnetic Observatories
Authors: Margiono Relly , Turbitt Christopher W. , Beggan Ciarán D. , Whaler Kathryn A.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Measurement of the geomagnetic field in Indonesia is undertaken by the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG). Routine activities at each observatory include the determination of declination, inclination and total field using absolute and variation measurements. The oldest observatory is Tangerang (TNG), started in 1964, followed by Tuntungan (TUN) in 1980, Tondano (TND) in 1990, Pelabuhan Ratu (PLR) and Kupang (KPG) in 2000 and Jayapura (JAY) in 2012. One of the main obligations of a geomagnetic observatory is to produce final measurements, released as definitive data, for each year and make them widely available both for scientific and non-scientific purposes, for example to the World Data Centre of Geomagnetism (WDC-G). Unfortunately, some Indonesian geomagnetic observatories do not share their data to the WDC and often have difficulty in producing definitive data. In addition, some more basic problems still exist such as low quality data due to man-made or instrumental noise, a lack of data processing knowledge, and limited observer training. In this study, we report on the production of definitive data from Indonesian observatories and some recommendations are provided about how to improve the data quality. These methods and approaches are applicable to other institutes seeking to enhance their data quality and scientific utility for example in main field modelling or space weather monitoring.
A multi-sourced assessment of the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil moisture in the MARINE flash flood model
Authors: Eeckman Judith , Roux Hélène , Douinot Audrey , Bonan Bertrand , Albergel Clément
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The MARINE (Model of Anticipation of Runoff and INundations for Extreme events) hydrological model is a distributed model dedicated to flash flood simulation. Recent developments of the MARINE model are explored in this work. On one hand, transfers of water through the subsurface, formerly relying on water height, now take place in a homogeneous soil column based on the soil saturation degree (SSF model). On the other hand, the soil column is divided into two layers, which represent, respectively, the upper soil layer and the deep weathered rocks (SSF–DWF model). The aim of the present work is to assess the accuracy of these new representations for the simulation of soil moisture during flash flood events. An exploration of the various products available in the literature for soil moisture estimation is performed. The efficiency of the models for soil saturation degree simulation is estimated with respect to several products either at the local scale or spatially distributed: (i) the gridded soil moisture product provided by the operational modeling chain SAFRAN-ISBA-MODCOU; (ii) the gridded soil moisture product provided by the LDAS-Monde assimilation chain, which is based on the ISBA-A-gs land surface model and assimilating satellite derived data; (iii) the upper soil water content hourly measurements taken from the SMOSMANIA observation network; and (iv) the Soil Water Index provided by the Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS), which is derived from Sentinel-1 C-SAR and ASCAT satellite data. The case study is performed over two French Mediterranean catchments impacted by flash flood events over the 2017–2019 period. The local comparison of the MARINE outputs with the SMOSMANIA measurements, as well as the comparison at the basin scale of the MARINE outputs with the gridded LDAS-Monde and CGLS data, lead to the following conclusion: both the dynamics and the amplitudes of the soil saturation degree simulated with the SSF and SSF–DWF models are better correlated with both the SMOSMANIA measurements and the LDAS-Monde data than the outputs of the base model. Finally, the soil saturation degree simulated by the two-layers model for the deep layer is compared to the soil saturation degree provided by the LDAS-Monde product at corresponding depths. In conclusion, the developments presented for the representation of subsurface flow in the MARINE model enhance the soil saturation degree simulation during flash floods with respect to both gridded data and local soil moisture measurements.
Identifying plausible historical scenarios for coupled lake level and seismicity rate changes: The case for the Dead Sea during the last two millennia
Authors: Belferman Mariana , Agnon Amotz , Katsman Regina , Ben-Avraham Zvi
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Seismicity triggered by water level changes in reservoirs and lakes is usually studied from well-documented contemporary records. Can such triggering be explored on a historical time scale when the data gathered on water level fluctuations in historic lakes and the earthquake catalogs suffer from severe uncertainties? These uncertainties stem from the different nature of the data gathered, methods, and their resolution. In this article, we considerably improve the correlation between the continuous record of historic water level reconstructions at the Dead Sea and discrete seismicity patterns in the area over the period of the past two millennia. Constricted by the data from previous studies, we generate an ensemble of random water level curves and choose that curve that best correlates with the historical records of seismic stress release in the Dead Sea reflected in the destruction in Jerusalem. We then numerically simulate a synthetic earthquake catalog using this curve. The earthquakes of this synthetic catalog show an impressing agreement with historic earthquake records from the field. We demonstrate for the first time that water level changes correlate well with the observed recurrence interval record of historic earthquakes.
Impacts of a large extra-tropical cyclonic system in Southern Brazilian Continental Shelf using the COAWST model
Authors: Mendonça Luis Felipe F. , Fetter-Filho Antônio F. H. , Andrade Mauro M. , Oliveira Fabricio S. C. , Lindemann Douglas S. , Freitas Rose Ane P. , Lentini Carlos. A. D.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The Southern Brazilian Continental Shelf (SBCS) is an area with great ecological and economic importance to Brazil. In this region can be observed the recurrent passage of frontal systems and extra-tropical cyclones, which are more frequent during the winter months of the southern hemisphere. These systems act on the ocean surface layers as direct driving forces, which may change the thermohaline structure of the water column and induce sea level perturbations. This study used the coupled ocean-atmosphere regional model (COAWST) to evaluate the effect of the passage of a frontal system associated with an extra-tropical cyclone. The ROMS oceanic model was configured with two nested grids, in order to solve the hydrodynamic processes at different scales. The parent (20–40° S/40–60° W) and child (25–29.3° S/46.3–50° W) grid comprise the coastal region, with a horizontal resolution of 1/9° and 1/27°, respectively, with 32 vertical levels. The initial conditions are the Global Analysis Forecast from CMEMS and forcing files used the Climate Forecast System v.2 (CFSv2) data, from NCEP. This event took place on the continental shelf of the State of Santa Catarina, in September of 2016. The model results were compared to remote sensing data and to the tide gauges from the City of Imbituba (State of Santa Catarina, Brazil). The comparison showed a correlation higher than 78 % between sea level rise data and the model results. The filtering of sea level data made it possible to identify the meteorological component in the model results. The comparison between the tidal-gauge and the model output presented values under 25 cm. The model was capable of representing the sea level anomalies propagation associated with the passage of the atmospheric frontal system. The model output showed the presence of a sea level anomaly propagating northward along the continental shelf at 480 km day−1, probably associated with the presence of a coastal-trapped wave.
ANALISIS PENGARUH ASPEK KEPERILAKUAN TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN SISTEM AKUNTANSI (Studi Pada PT. Bank X Tbk di Wilayah Kota dan Kabupaten Jayapura)
Authors: Ngo Budianto , Rofingatun Siti , Sanggenafa Mariolin
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of attitudes towards the use of accounting systems at PT. Bank Mandiri in the city and district of Jayapura, to determine the effect of motivation on the use ofaccounting systems at PT. Bank Mandiri in the city and district of Jayapura, to determine the effect of emotions on system usage accounting at PT. Bank Mandiri in the city and district of Jayapura, todetermine the effect of the perception of the use of the accounting system at PT. Bank Mandiri in the city and Jayapura area. This study is a correlational study or the relationship between the independentvariables on the dependent variable and the analysis unit that is considered to be employees who have worked more than 6 months who have undergone a training period of 40 people. The questionnairetested its validity and reliability before testing the research data, the test equipment used in this study used the classical assumption test which included normality test, linearity test, heteroscedasticity testand multicollinearity test, the data analysis method used was multiple linear regression analysis using a tool of analysis in SPSS 25 statistics. The results of this study indicate that attitude variables do notsignificantly influence the use of accounting systems, the motivation variable does not significantly influence the use of accounting systems, emotional variables have a significant effect on the use of accounting systems and perception variables do not significantly influence the use of accountingsystems.
PENGARUH SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN, KEPATUHAN, DAN PEMBERIAN TAMBAHAN PENGHASILAN BERSYARAT (TPB) TERHADAP PERILAKU ETIS PEGAWAI (Studi Kasus Pada Badan Pengelolaan Pendapatan Daerah Pemerintah Kabupaten Jayapura)
Authors: Abriyanti Andhika Dwi , Rofingatun Siti , Sanggenafa Mariolin A.
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of internal control, compliance, additional income conditional on the ethical behavior of employees of the revenue management agency in Jayapura district. This research is correlation research or relationship, with the unit of analysis being studied are employees who work in the BAPENDA office with a total sample of 40 employees. The questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability before testing the research data, the test equipment used in this study used the classical assumption test which included the normality test for linearity heteroscedasticity and the linearity test data analysis method used was multiple linear regression analysis using the statistical analysis tool SPSS 25.The results ofthis study indicate that the Internal Control System variable does not have a significant effect on employee ethical behavior, while the Compliance and SupplementaryConditional variables have a significant effect on employee ethical behavior. Variables Internal control, compliance and management compensation together (simultaneous) have a positive and significant effect on employee ethical behavior.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan Pajak Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Pajak Terhadap Kesadaran Wajib Pajak Dalam Membayar Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Persepsi Atas Penerimaan Pajak
Authors: Hendriyadi Muhammad , Hutadjulu Linda , Bleskadit Novalia
Published: March 2021

Abstract This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between tax knowledge and tax service quality on taxpayer awareness in paying motorized vehicle taxes and its impact on perceptions of tax revenue. The research method used is the Path Analysis method and Sobel Test. The population of this study is the owner of motor vehicles in the Jayapura area. The research sample was 94 motorized vehicle owners who were selected by the snowball sampling technique. The type of data used is primary data. The results showed that tax knowledge and tax service quality had an effect on taxpayer awareness. However, knowledge of taxes, quality of tax services and awareness of taxpayers have no effect on perceptions of tax revenue. In addition, knowledge of taxes and the quality of tax services also have an indirect effect on the perception of tax revenue through taxpayer awareness. Keywords: Tax Knowledge; Tax Service Quality; Taxpayer Awareness; Perception of Tax Revenues; Motor Vehicle Taxes. Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan antara pengetahuan pajak dan kualitas pelayanan pajak terhadap kesadaran wajib pajak dalam membayar pajak kendaraan bermotor dan dampaknya terhadap persepsi atas penerimaan pajak. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode Path Analysis dan Uji Sobel. Populasi penelitian ini adalah Pemilik Kendaraan Bermotor di daerah Jayapura. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 94 orang pemilik kendaraan bermotor yang dipilih dengan teknik snowball sampling. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data Primer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan pajak dan kualitas pelayanan pajak berpengaruh terhadap kesadaran wajib pajak. Namun pengetahuan pajak, kualitas pelayanan pajak dan kesadaran wajib pajak tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap persepsi atas penerimaan pajak. Selain itu, pengetahuan pajak dan kualitas pelayanan pajak juga memiliki pengaruh tidak langsung terhadap persepsi atas penerimaan pajak melalui kesadaran wajib pajak. Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan Pajak; Kualitas Pelayanan Pajak; Kesadaran Wajib Pajak; Persepsi Atas Penerimaan Pajak; Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor.
Archivar la memoria visual. Herramientas para la caracterización del cine documental del oriente de Cuba
Authors: Lloga Sanz Carlos Guillermo
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo describe el proceso de construcción del Archivo Digital de Cine Documental de la región Oriental de Cuba (AdCD). La creación del mismo pretende atacar varias de las problemáticas socioculturales que afectan el ambiente cinematográfico (mediascape) de la práctica documental en la zona. El objetivo de este texto es demostrar que el archivo cinematográfico constituye un marco donde colisionan y se hacen evidentes distintas concepciones teóricas concernientes al texto audiovisual. A partir del análisis de las categorías que componen el AdCD se discuten varias posturas epistemológicas dentro de los documentary studies, en específico, aquellas relacionadas con el estilo, los sub-géneros y las modalidades. Finalmente, se evalúa las potencialidades de los archivos como herramienta de investigación y se examina su relación con el contexto patrimonial.
New paths in Austrian Macroeconomics
Authors: Barnet II William , Block Walter E.
Published: March 2021

This paper makes four points. First, interest rates are not prices; rather they are metrics. Second, there are no markets for «loanable funds» in reality, so attempts to use «the» market for loanable funds either to explain saving-induced growth (or growth induced in other ways) are misleading. Rather, the appropriate concept is markets for financial assets. Third, the primary and most important source of growth is not households’ low or reduced time preferences, but entrepreneurs high or increased profit expectations. Fourth, financial institutions may respond, in part, to a rise in the monetary base by accepting a higher default risk of their assets; i.e., by making riskier loans and buying riskier (financial) assets, in order to maintain nominal interest rates and net interest margins.

Key words: Risk, Loanable funds, Financial assets, Austrian business cycle theory.

JEL Classification: E32.

Resumen: Este artículo desarrolla una versión modificada de la teoría austriaca del ciclo económico en la que el papel protagonista lo juegan las expectativas de beneficio de los empresarios (más que la reducción de la preferencia temporal de los agentes económicos) y la asunción de proyectos empresariales más arriesgado, como principal detonante de las malas inversiones.

Palabras clave: Riesgo, Fondos prestables, Activos financieros, Teoría austriaca del ciclo económico.

Clasificación JEL: E32.
Individual secession and extraterritoriality
Authors: Kämpe Joakim
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to take Mises’ observation on the need for the right of secession in order for the liberal program for peace and prosperity to be realized, and remove the doubts that he voiced regarding the feasibility of extending this right to individuals. We do so by explicating the theoretical and historical foundation of the concept of extraterritoriality, and by showing how extra-, or non-, territoriality is the only system which is consistent with individual rights, private property, and the non-aggression principle. By allowing for individual secession our proposal represents a highly decentralized, dynamically efficient, competitive, voluntary and constantly evolving system, and it would allow for an increasing diversification of law codes fully consistent with people’s subjective wishes.

Key words: Extra-territoriality, Secession, Self-determination, Praxeology.

JEL Classification: A10, A12, K00, K10, N40.

Resumen: El propósito de este ensayo consiste en tomar la observación de Mises acerca de la necesidad de aceptar el derecho de secesión si se pre-tende hacer del programa liberal de paz y responsabilidad una realidad, y eliminar las dudas por él expresadas en relación a la posibilidad de ex-tender tal derecho al individuo. Llevamos a cabo dicha tarea por medio de la explicación de los fundamentos teóricos e históricos del concepto de extra-territorialidad y mostrando cómo la extraterritorialidad (o mejor aún, la no territorialidad) es el único sistema coherente con los derechos individuales, la propiedad privada y el principio de no agresión. Al permitir la secesión individual nuestra propuesta plantea un sistema altamente descentralizado, dinámicamente eficiente, competitivo, voluntario y en constante evolución, que además podría dar lugar a una creciente diversificación de los códigos legales de acuerdo a los deseos subjetivos de los individuos.

Palabras clave: Extraterritorialidad, Secesión, Autodeterminación, Praxeo-logía.

Clasificación JEL: A10, A12, K00, K10, N40.
The slow and hidden road to serfdom
Authors: Bernholz Peter
Published: March 2021

Without the rule of law limiting the discretionary powers of government agencies, but also of other organizations and in-dividuals no individual freedom is possible. If government re-presentatives or private persons can order at their discretion individuals to behave in certain ways, no individual liberty is guaranteed. As Immanuel Kant expressed it «man is free if he needs to obey no person but solely the law.» And even if indi-viduals are only obliged to follow the law, their freedom is al-ways threatened if these laws can be changed arbitrarily by any individuals or government authorities. This is even true for de-mocracies in which duly elected parliamentary majorities (that is minorities) are allowed to introduce new laws or change old ones relating to any sphere of human activities. The problem has been clearly stated by Alexis de Tocqueville (1945, vol. I, p.270):

When I see that the right and the means of absolute command are conferred on any power whatever, be it called a people or a king, an aristocracy or a democracy, a monarchy or a republic, I say there is the germ of tyranny, and I seek to live elsewhere, under other laws.

Similar ideas are expressed by Friedrich v. Hayek (1944, p. 62):

The Rule of Law thus implies limits to the scope of legislation: it restricts it to the kind of general rules known as formal law, and excludes legislation either directly aimed at particular people, or at enabling anybody to use the coercive power of the state for the purpose of such discrimination.
El pensamiento económico en las enseñanzas de Jesús de Nazaret
Authors: Marsal Carmen González
Published: March 2021

Los testimonios sobre la vida de Jesús de Nazaret que llegan hasta nuestros días nos muestran cómo vivió, cómo se relacio-nó con sus coetáneos y qué les enseñó con sus palabras y obras. Si bien es cierto que su mensaje es principalmente espiritual, no puede decirse que se olvidara de los asuntos mundanales,1 ni rehusara referirse a cuestiones políticas y económicas, pues sus enseñanzas contienen numerosas referencias a las autori-dades públicas, así como a propietarios, comerciantes y trabaja-dores, y a la riqueza y sus frutos. El hecho de que Jesús afirma-ra «mi reino no es de este mundo»2 no resta interés a sus ideas sobre el gobierno de los hombres, la capacidad humana de des-cubrimiento y creatividad y otros aspectos de la vida social y económica.
Dinámica no-lineal y economía austríaca
Authors: Bacaicoa Dulce Saura , García-Brazales Ángel Rodríguez
Published: March 2021

This paper examines the similarities which exist between certain characteristics of Austrian economic thought and certain properties of nonlinear dynamics, also known as the dynamics of complexity. Specifically, the features of Mises’s theory of human action and of Hayek’s theory of spontaneous order are compared with the emerging properties, self-organi-zation, and dependence which appear in the trend of nonlinear dynamics.

Palabras clave. Escuela austriaca, dinámica no-lineal, orden espontáneo, autoorganización, dependencia de la trayectoria.

Códigos JEL. B4, B5.

Resumen. En este trabajo se analizan las similitudes que existen entre ciertos rasgos del pensamiento económico de la Escuela Austriaca y algunas propiedades de la dinámica no lineal, también llamada de la complejidad. En particular, se comparan las propiedades de la teoría de la acción huma-na de Mises y la del orden espontáneo de Hayek, con la aparición de propie-dades emergentes, autoorganización y dependencia de la trayectoria de la dinámica no lineal.