bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SDSS-FIRST-selected interacting galaxies
Authors: Misquitta Persis , Eckart Andreas , Zajaček Michal , Yttergren Madeleine
Published: January 2023

Context. In the hierarchical model of evolution of the Universe, galaxy mergers play an important role, especially at high redshifts. Interactions among galaxies appear to be associated with incidences of radio-loudness in quasars and it is of interest to study the galaxies that are in the process of interacting with each other, where there is at least one nucleus that is active in the radio regime.

Aims. In order to understand the various processes taking place within colliding galaxies, it is important to study the radio and optical properties of these sources, as well as any possible correlations that might exist.

Methods. To this end, we present optical long-slit spectroscopy data for ten pairs of interacting galaxies selected from SDSS-FIRST at redshifts of ∼0.05, observed using the multi-object double spectrographs at the Large Binocular Telescope.

Results. We used line fluxes extracted from the spectra of the nuclear regions of galaxies to plot optical diagnostic diagrams and estimate the masses of the central supermassive black holes, as well as their Eddington ratios. Additionally, we used previously published Effelsberg radio telescope data at 4.85 GHz and FIRST survey data at 1.4 GHz to estimate radio spectral slopes and the radio-loudness parameters for all of the radio-detected sources. We also used WISE data to plot a mid-infrared colour-colour diagram.

Conclusions. We see that while the sample of galaxies covers all of the classes on the optical diagnostic diagrams, the sources that are radio-detected fall in the composite or transition region of the diagram. Additionally, we notice a trend of the highest radio-loudness parameter in a pair of interacting galaxies being associated with the galaxy that hosts the more massive central supermassive black hole. We do not see any obvious trends with respect to the radio spectral slope, radio-loudness parameter, and Eddington ratio. With respect to the mid-infrared data of the galaxies detected by WISE, we see that most of them have some type of contribution from star formation, however, two of them seem to have a significant contribution from an AGN as well.
An interference detection strategy for Apertif based on AOFlagger 3
Authors: Offringa A. R. , Adebahr B. , Kutkin A. , Adams E. A. K. , Oosterloo T. A. , van der Hulst J. M. , Dénes H. , Bassa C. G. , Lucero D. L. , Blok W. J. G. , Hess K. M. , van Leeuwen J. , Loose G. M. , Maan Y. , Oostrum L. C. , Orrú E. , Vohl D. , Ziemke J.
Published: January 2023

Context.Apertif is a multi-beam receiver system for the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope that operates at 1.1–1.5 GHz, which overlaps with various radio services, resulting in contamination of astronomical signals with radio-frequency interference (RFI).

Aims.We analyse approaches to mitigate Apertif interference and design an automated detection procedure for its imaging mode. Using this approach, we present long-term RFI detection results of over 300 Apertif observations.

Methods.Our approach is based on the AOFlagger detection approach. We introduce several new features, including ways to deal with ranges of invalid data (e.g. caused by shadowing) in both the SumThreshold and scale-invariant rank operator steps; pre-calibration bandpass calibration; auto-correlation flagging; and HI flagging avoidance. These methods have been implemented in a new framework that uses the Lua language for scripting, which is new in AOFlagger version 3.

Results.Our approach removes RFI fully automatically, and it is robust and effective enough for further calibration and (continuum) imaging of these data. The analysis of 304 observations shows an average of 11.1% of lost data due to RFI with a large spread. We observe 14.6% RFI in auto-correlations. Computationally, AOFlagger achieves a throughput of 370 MB/s on a single computing node. Compared to published machine learning results, the method is one to two orders of magnitude faster.
Dynamics of dust grains in turbulent molecular clouds
Authors: Commerçon B. , Lebreuilly U. , Price D. J. , Lovascio F. , Laibe G. , Hennebelle P.
Published: January 2023

Context. Dust grain dynamics in molecular clouds is regulated by its interplay with supersonic turbulent gas motions. The conditions under which interstellar dust grains decouple from the dynamics of gas in molecular clouds remain poorly constrained.

Aims. We first aim to investigate the critical dust grain size for dynamical decoupling, using both analytical predictions and numerical experiments. Second, we aim to set the range of validity of two fundamentally different numerical implementations for the evolution of dust and gas mixtures in turbulent molecular clouds.

Methods. We carried out a suite of numerical experiments using two different schemes to integrate the dust grain equation of motion within the same framework. First, we used a monofluid formalism (or often referred to as single fluid) in the terminal velocity approximation. This scheme follows the evolution of the barycentre of mass between the gas and the dust on a Eulerian grid. Second, we used a two-fluid scheme, in which the dust dynamics is handled with Lagrangian super-particles, and the gas dynamics on a Eulerian grid.

Results. The monofluid results are in good agreement with the theoretical critical size for decoupling. We report dust dynamics decoupling for Stokes number St > 0.1, that is, dust grains of s > 4 μm in size. We find that the terminal velocity approximation is well suited for grain sizes of 10 μm in molecular clouds, in particular in the densest regions. However, the maximum dust enrichment measured in the low-density material - where St > 1 - is questionable. In the Lagrangian dust experiments, we show that the results are affected by the numerics for all dust grain sizes. At St ≪ 1, the dust dynamics is largely affected by artificial trapping in the high-density regions, leading to spurious variations of the dust concentration. At St > 1 , the maximum dust enrichment is regulated by the grid resolution used for the gas dynamics.

Conclusions. Dust enrichment of submicron dust grains is unlikely to occur in the densest parts of molecular clouds. Two fluid implementations using a mixture of Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions for the dust and gas mixture dynamics lead to spurious dust concentration variations in the strongly and weakly coupled regimes. Conversely, the monofluid implementation using the terminalvelocity approximation does not accurately capture dust dynamics in the low-density regions, that is, where St > 1 . The results of previous similar numerical work should therefore be revisited with respect to the limitations we highlight in this study.
Analysis on the Negative Impact of AI Development on Employment and Its Countermeasures
Authors: Zhao Bohan
Published: January 2023

While benefiting society, the technological progress of artificial intelligence (AI) has also brought a rising number of unemployed people and breeded polarization in income distribution by threatening the low-skill and labor-intensive industry. To solve the negative impact of AI, policies about the taxation and subsidy on AI and the income-supporting program can be proposed. However, neither of them will work well to achieve sustainable social development. In the long run, technological progress will not be influenced by government policies, and capital will find its own path to a rapid growth. Income-supporting programs are short-term solutions, being ineffective and not sustainable. Based on the literature collected, the author came up with two practical methods to deal with the negative impact brought by AI to employment: the industrial relocation as a short-term solution and the reframing of the education system as a long-term solution.
The Impact and Spillover Effects of Environmental Regulation on GTFP
Authors: Shi Yichen
Published: January 2023

Have environmental regulations introduced by local governments in China promoted regional green development? This paper identifies the impact and spillover effect of environmental regulations on Green Total Factor Productivity by using provincial panel data over the period 2005-2018. We found that the intensity of ERs is positively correlated with regional GTFP growth and also benefits its neighbours. I have also identified green innovation and FDI transfer as two mechanisms of action leading to this phenomenon. Finally, the effects of environmental regulation also vary according to geographical location, the degree of dependence on polluting industries and the level of nationalisation.
Outcome Analysis Comparing Muscle and Fasciocutaneous Free Flaps for Heel Reconstruction: Meta-Analysis and Case Series
Authors: Chellamuthu Abiramie , Jayaraman Sathish Kumar , A. Ramesh B.
Published: January 2023

Background Choosing the components of free flap (fasciocutaneous or muscle) is one of the crucial but controversial decisions in heel reconstruction. This meta-analysis aims to provide an up-to-date comparison of fasciocutaneous flaps (FCFs) and muscle flaps (MFs) for heel reconstruction and to ascertain if one flap has an advantage over the other.

Methods Following the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic literature review was performed identifying studies on heel reconstruction with FCF and MF. Primary outcomes were survival, time of ambulation, sensation, ulceration, gait, need for specialized footwear, revision procedures, and shear. Meta-analyses and Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) were performed to estimate the pooled risk ratios (RRs) and standardized mean difference (SMD) with fixed effects and random effects models, respectively.

Results Of 757 publications identified, 20 were reviewed including 255 patients with 263 free flaps. The meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference between MF and FCF in terms of survival (RR, 1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83, 1.21), gait abnormality (RR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.19, 1.59), ulcerations (RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.27, 1.54), footwear modification (RR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.26, 1.09), and revision procedures (RR, 1.67; 95% CI, 0.84, 3.32). FCF had superior perception of deep pressure (RR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.32, 3.00), light touch, and pain (RR, 5.17; 95% CI, 2.02, 13.22) compared with MF. Time to full weight-bearing (SMD, –3.03; 95% CI, –4.25, –1.80) was longer for MF compared with FCF. TSA showed inconclusive results for comparison of the survival of flaps, gait assessment, and rates of ulceration.

Conclusion Patients reconstructed with FCF had superior sensory recovery and early weight bearing on their reconstructed heels, hence faster return to daily activities compared with MFs. In terms of other outcomes such as footwear modification and revision procedure, both flaps had no statistically significant difference. The results were inconclusive regarding the survival of flaps, gait assessment, and rates of ulceration. Future studies are required to investigate the role of shear on the stability of the reconstructed heels.
Combining numerical modeling and machine learning for microplastic monitoring
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: January 2023

Interdisciplinary field may help address major environmental problem
Construction of exact solutions to Nahm’s equations for the multimonopole
Authors: Braden H. W. , Cherkis Sergey A. , Quinones Jason M.
Published: January 2023

We construct high rank solutions to Nahm’s equations for boundary conditions that correspond to the Dirac multimonopole. Here, the spectral curve is explicitly known, and we achieve the integration by constructing a basis of polynomial tuples that forms a frame for the flow of the eigenline bundle over the curve.
Kinetic simulations of ignited mode cesium vapor thermionic converters
Authors: Lietz A. M. , Groenewald R. E. , Scherpelz P. , Hopkins M. M.
Published: January 2023

Cesium vapor thermionic converters are an attractive method of converting high-temperature heat directly to electricity, but theoretical descriptions of the systems have been difficult due to the multi-step ionization of Cs through inelastic electron–neutral collisions. This work presents particle-in-cell simulations of these converters, using a direct simulation Monte Carlo collision model to track 52 excited states of Cs. These simulations show the dominant role of multi-step ionization, which also varies significantly based on both the applied voltage bias and pressure. The electron energy distribution functions are shown to be highly non-Maxwellian in the cases analyzed here. A comparison with previous approaches is presented, and large differences are found in ionization rates due especially to the fact that previous approaches have assumed Maxwellian electron distributions. Finally, an open question regarding the nature of the plasma sheaths in the obstructed regime is discussed. The one-dimensional simulations did not produce stable obstructed regime operation and thereby do not support the double-sheath hypothesis.
Doped graphene characterized via Raman spectroscopy and magneto-transport measurements
Authors: Braatz Marie-Luise , Weber Nils-Eike , Singh Barthi , Müllen Klaus , Feng Xinliang , Kläui Mathias , Gradhand Martin
Published: January 2023

Functionalizing graphene beyond its intrinsic properties has been a key concept since the first successful realization of this archetype monolayer system. While various concepts, such as doping, co-doping, and layered device design, have been proposed, the often complex structural and electronic changes are often jeopardizing simple functionalization attempts. Here, we present a thorough analysis of the structural and electronic properties of co-doped graphene via Raman spectroscopy as well as magneto-transport and Hall measurements. The results highlight the challenges in understanding its microscopic properties beyond the simple preparation of such devices. It is discussed how co-doping with N and B dopants leads to effective charge-neutral defects acting as short-range scatterers, while charged defects introduce more long-range scattering centers. Such distinct behavior may obscure or alter the desired structural as well as electronic properties not anticipated initially. Exploring further the preparation of effective pn-junctions, we highlight step by step how the preparation process may lead to alterations in the intrinsic properties of the individual layers. Importantly, it is highlighted in all steps how the inhomogeneities across individual graphene sheets may challenge simple interpretations of individual measurements.
Existence and controllability for conformable fractional stochastic differential equations with infinite delay via measures of noncompactness
Authors: Huang Jizhao , Luo Danfeng
Published: January 2023

In this article, we consider conformable fractional stochastic differential equations (CFSDEs) driven by fBm with infinite delay via measures of noncompactness (MNC). As far as we know, there are few papers considering this issue. First, by virtue of a Mönch fixed point theorem and MNC, we explore the existence of solutions for CFSDEs. Subsequently, with the aid of Jensen inequality, Hölder inequality, stochastic analysis techniques, and semigroup theory, the controllability for this considered CFSDEs is investigated by employing a Mönch fixed point theorem. Thereafter, the controllability of CFSDEs with nonlocal conditions is discussed. Finally, the theoretical result is supported through an example.
A dynamic probabilistic analysis method for wind turbine rotor based on the surrogate model
Authors: Zhang Ruixing , He Lun , An Liqiang
Published: January 2023

Due to the long and flexible characteristics of the wind turbine blade, the influence of the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) on the dynamic response results cannot be ignored. The dynamic analysis of the wind turbine rotor based on the fluid–structure interaction is very computationally expensive, and the dynamic reliability analysis considering the influence of randomness usually requires a large number of computational samples. In this study, a surrogate model-based dynamic probabilistic analysis method for the characteristics of the wind turbine rotor was established, combining numerical simulation, intelligent algorithms, and data mining methods for wind turbines. This method allows for fast and inexpensive reliability and sensitivity analysis by building accurate surrogate models with a limited number of expensive fluid–structure interaction (FSI) samples. In the case of a 5 MW wind turbine rotor, the average relative error of the test was 0.093%, the reliability was 0.9515, and two variables insensitive variables were found. The results showed that this method could effectively analyze the reliability and sensitivity of the wind turbine rotor, adapted well to the nonlinear and high dimensional characteristics of the wind turbine rotor, and reduced the cost of wind turbine research by controlling the number of expensive samples. In addition, this research provided a reference for using intelligent algorithms and data mining methods in wind turbine design.
Laser-based spectroscopy of FeD: Excitations to the g 6Φ electronic state
Authors: Harvey R. A. R. , Tokaryk D. W. , Adam A. G.
Published: January 2023

Bands of the g 6Φ-X 4Δ, g 6Φ-A 4Π, g 6Φ-a 6Δ, and g 6Φ-b 6Π electronic transitions of iron monodeuteride (FeD) have been measured in laser excitation and in dispersed fluorescence. The molecules were produced both in a cold supersonic molecular jet source and in a chemical reaction between iron pentacarbonyl [Fe(CO5)] and a microwave discharge of argon and hydrogen gases. Dispersed fluorescence from the latter source was detected at high resolution with a Fourier transform spectrometer, yielding a large number of the transitions observed. The data reveal that FeD experiences strong interstate couplings that compromise fitting of the data with traditional Hamiltonians but that the problem is less severe than in corresponding spectra of FeH. This work greatly expands the available data on FeD, which were previously characterized only through the F 4Δ-X 4Δ spectrum and pure rotational data in the ground state.
Wake vortex structures and hydrodynamics performance of a power-extraction flapping hydrofoil
Authors: Mo Weijie , He Guanghua , Ghassemi Hassan , Yang Hao , Mao Weihao
Published: January 2023

Numerical simulations are used to investigate wake vortex structures with different aspect ratios (ARs) of flapping hydrofoil on power extraction. Simulations employ a finite-volume method with an overset grid technique allowing relatively large heaving and pitching motions of the flapping hydrofoil. In a two-dimensional case, the wake is dominated by a Karman-like vortex street composed of spanwise vortices. In contrast, the wake in a three-dimensional condition is dominated by two sets of vortex structures that are oblique to the streamwise, which is significantly different from the two-dimensional condition. The two sets of vortex structures interact with each other as they convect downstream. For a large AR flapping hydrofoil, the two sets of vortex loops stay intertwined with each other. The vortex loops evolve into vortex rings for small AR. In addition, the leading edge vortex on the foil surface is compressed by the tip vortices, affecting the synchronization of vertical force and foil motion. This effect of compression is weakened as the AR increases. The power-extraction efficiency reaches an optimal value of 32.4% at AR = 8 in a three-dimensional condition.
Novel framework for reconstructing the velocity field of pump-jet propulsor by super-resolution and Bayesian method
Authors: Qiu Chengcheng , Huang Qiaogao , Pan Guang
Published: January 2023

This study designs a deep learning framework to obtain high-precision velocity fields of a pump-jet propulsor (PJP) from low-resolution (LR) velocity fields using super-resolution (SR) methods. In actual engineering or experiments, the velocity fields obtained via particle image velocimetry have low spatial resolution, which is limited by equipment and technology. This study investigates the performance of convolutional neural network (CNN) and hybrid downsampled skip-connection/multi-scale (DSC/MS) models in reconstructing the LR velocity fields of PJP. Moreover, the variational Bayesian (VB) idea is considered in two SR methods to design VB-DSC/MS and VB-CNN neural networks, which exhibit superior performance on small datasets and can analyze the uncertainty distribution. The optimal weight and bias distributions for four different SR methods are determined, which efficiently and accurately afford the SR velocity fields from the LR velocity fields of the wake and stator domain fields. Furthermore, the reconstruction ability of the SR method under different scaling factors is analyzed. The results show that the VB-DSC/MS method has higher accuracy and generalization ability than the other three SR methods in terms of reconstructing the velocity field gradient and velocity profile of PJP. It can enhance the LR velocity field by 256 times, which is difficult for CNN-related SR methods to improve the LR velocity field by a higher factor. Among the methods considered, the VB-DSC/MS method has the smallest uncertainty distribution under different scaling factors and different rotational speeds.
Investigation of pressure wave propagation and attenuation characteristics in managed pressure drilling by fast switching throttle valve
Authors: Zhou Changcheng , He Miao , Xu Mingbiao , Lin Deju , Chen Xin
Published: January 2023

Pressure waves possess many significant applications in the oil and gas drilling engineering field, such as mud pulse telemetry (MPT) and measurement while drilling (MWD). The focus of this research is to study the pressure wave propagation and attenuation characteristics of wellbore liquid-phase flow in managed pressure drilling (MPD) by fast switching throttle valve (FSTV). First, a mathematical model of transient pressure wave propagation along the wellbore in both upstream and downstream directions is proposed in MPD by FSTV based on the one-dimensional transient flow theory. The model considering the frictional shear effect between the pipe walls is solved by utilizing the method of characteristics. Meanwhile, boundary conditions at the drill string inlet and annulus outlet, at the throttle valve, at the junction of drill bit, and at the reducer are adequately taken into account according to the actual situation of fluid flow. Second, a laboratory experiment of excited pressure waves in a vertical wellbore is conducted to measure the variation of the pressure fluctuation with different pump rates by FSTV. Comparing with the measurement result, the calculation result is discovered that the overall change is consistent, where the maximum absolute relative error at the peak of the pressure wave is only 4.5%. Finally, it further analyzes influential factors affecting the propagation and attenuation behaviors of wellbore pressure waves in liquid-phase flow based on the model. The results indicate that pressure waveforms present sinusoidal wave propagation, and pump rates, pressure wave speed, excitation time, fluid type, mud density, fluid viscosity, and borehole size exert varying degrees of influence on downhole pressure fluctuations. The proposed model achieves accurate quantitative interpretation and analysis of downhole pressure wave in MPD by FSTV, which has important significance for the realization of safe and efficient drilling.
Dual frequency ultrasonic cavitation in various liquids: High-speed imaging and acoustic pressure measurements
Authors: Morton Justin A. , Khavari Mohammad , Priyadarshi Abhinav , Kaur Amanpreet , Grobert Nicole , Mi Jiawei , Porfyrakis Kyriakos , Prentice Paul , Eskin Dmitry G. , Tzanakis Iakovos
Published: January 2023

Ultrasonic cavitation is used in various processes and applications, utilizing powerful shock waves and high-speed liquid jets generated by the collapsing bubbles. Typically, a single frequency source is used to produce the desired effects. However, optimization of the efficiency of ultrasound reactors is necessary to improve cavitation activity in specific applications such as for the exfoliation of two dimensional materials. This research takes the next step to investigate the effect of a dual frequency transducer system on the bubble dynamics, cavitation zone, pressure fields, acoustic spectra, and induced shock waves for four liquids with a range of physical properties. Using ultra-high-speed imaging and synchronized acoustic pressure measurements, the effect of ultrasonic dual frequencies on bubble dynamics was investigated. The addition of a high frequency transducer (1174 kHz) showed that the bubble fragments and satellite bubbles induced from a low frequency transducer (24 kHz) were able to extend their lifecycle and increase spatial distribution, thus, extending the boundaries of the cavitation zone. Furthermore, this combination of ultrasonic frequencies generated higher acoustic pressures (up to 180%) and enhanced the characteristic shock wave peak, indicating more bubble collapses and the generation of additional shock waves. The dual frequency system also enlarged the cavitation cloud size under the sonotrode. These observations specifically delineated the enhancement of cavitation activity using a dual frequency system pivotal for optimization of existing cavitation-based processing technologies.
How well do Immediate Protection Areas conserve biodiversity in Victorian forests?
Authors: Lindenmayer David B. , Taylor Chris
Published: January 2023

Context Protected areas are necessary to conserve biodiversity. Their locations, design and management can have major impacts on their effectiveness. In timber and pulpwood production forests of Victoria, Australia, Immediate Protection Areas (IPAs) were established by the Victorian Government to conserve biodiversity. IPA identification has overlooked much of 30 years of reserve selection science. This has resulted in poor selection of locations for protection, lack of attention to habitat suitability for target species, and a destructive past land use history that has eroded current habitat suitability. Aims Our aim was to assess the suitability IPAs for threatened species, including Leadbeater’s Possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) and the Southern Greater Glider (Petauroides volans). Methods We assessed aspects of effectiveness of IPAs for forest-dependent species of conservation concern. We compared the IPAs to a prioritised protected area network using Marxan accounting for past forest disturbances, including logging and high severity wildfires. Key results We found IPAs failed to include the most suitable habitat areas, capturing only 11.7% of modelled habitat for Leadbeater’s Possum and 5.3% for the Southern Greater Glider. Our analyses also revealed large parts of the IPA network had been clearcut logged, eroding habitat value for many species. Conclusions Given IPAs do not protect substantial amounts of important habitat for threatened species such as Leadbeater’s Possum and Southern Greater Glider, we conclude the current IPAs are unlikely to adequately protect biodiversity from logging. Implications The IPAs need to be better designed to improve their effectiveness for biodiversity conservation. We provide recommendations on how this might be done.
Scoping review into models of interconception care delivered at well-child visits for the Australian context
Authors: Thomas Morgan , Cheney Kate , Black Kirsten I.
Published: January 2023

Background The interconception period provides an opportunity to address women’s health risks and optimise birth spacing before the next pregnancy. This scoping review aimed to identify models of interconception care (ICC) delivered at well-child visits (WCVs) around the world, review the impacts of ICC delivered, and what the feasibility and applicability of these models were. Methods The global review included clinical studies that that were identified using medical subject headings (MeSH) and keyword combinations. Studies were included if they met the criteria: were clinical studies; examined a model of ICC; were conducted by a registered health professional; and examined women who had given birth within the last 24-months. The following databases were searched: Medline (OVID); CINAHL (EBSCO); PubMed; and Embase (OVID). Relevant studies were screened in Covidence and the data was then extracted using a narrative analysis. Results Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The benefits of ICC delivered at WCVs included screening for maternal health behaviours and conditions and increase women’s uptake of interventions. The studies identified that implementing ICC at WCVs was acceptable to women. Identified challenges included lack of time for health providers, lack of education among women and health providers, and limited funding for WCVs. Conclusion ICC interventions found in this review included family planning counselling and provision of long-acting contraception; health promotion of folic acid; and postpartum depression screening. The research concluded that ICC delivered at WCVs contributes to improving health behaviours for future pregnancies. Increased capacity for this care at WCVs could be achieved with targeted resources and time allocation.
SOD1 is an essential H
2
S detoxifying enzyme
Authors: Switzer Christopher H. , Kasamatsu Shingo , Ihara Hideshi , Eaton Philip
Published: January 2023

Although hydrogen sulfide (H
2
S) is an endogenous signaling molecule with antioxidant properties, it is also cytotoxic by potently inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase and mitochondrial respiration. Paradoxically, the primary route of H
2
S detoxification is thought to occur inside the mitochondrial matrix
via
a series of relatively slow enzymatic reactions that are unlikely to compete with its rapid inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase. Therefore, alternative or complementary cellular mechanisms of H
2
S detoxification are predicted to exist. Here, superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (SOD1) is shown to be an efficient H
2
S oxidase that has an essential role in limiting cytotoxicity from endogenous and exogenous sulfide. Decreased SOD1 expression resulted in increased sensitivity to H
2
S toxicity in yeast and human cells, while increased SOD1 expression enhanced tolerance to H
2
S. SOD1 rapidly converted H
2
S to sulfate under conditions of limiting sulfide; however, when sulfide was in molar excess, SOD1 catalyzed the formation of per- and polysulfides, which induce cellular thiol oxidation. Furthermore, in SOD1-deficient cells, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species catalyzed sulfide oxidation to per- and polysulfides. These data reveal that a fundamental function of SOD1 is to regulate H
2
S and related reactive sulfur species.
Modulating amyloids’ formation path with sound energy
Authors: Kozell Anna , Eliaz Dror , Solomonov Aleksei , Benyamin Doron , Shmul Guy , Brookstein Ori , Rosenhek-Goldian Irit , Raviv Uri , Shimanovich Ulyana
Published: January 2023

Protein folding is crucial for biological activity. Proteins’ failure to fold correctly underlies various pathological processes, including amyloidosis, the aggregation of insoluble proteins (e.g., lysozymes) in organs. The exact conditions that trigger the structural transition of amyloids into β-sheet-rich aggregates are poorly understood, as is the case for the amyloidogenic self-assembly pathway. Ultrasound is routinely used to destabilize a protein’s structure and enhance amyloid growth. Here, we report on an unexpected ultrasound effect on lysozyme amyloid species at different stages of aggregation: ultrasound-induced structural perturbation gives rise to nonamyloidogenic folds. Our infrared and X-ray analyses of the chemical, mechanical, and thermal effects of sound on lysozyme’s structure found, in addition to the expected ultrasound-induced damage, evidence of irreversible disruption of the β-sheet fold of fibrillar lysozyme resulting in their structural transformation into monomers with no β-sheets. This structural transition is reflected in changes in the kinetics of protein self-assembly, namely, either prolonged nucleation or accelerated fibril growth. Using solution X-ray scattering, we determined the structure, the mass fraction of lysozyme monomer, and the morphology of its filamentous assemblies formed under different sound parameters. A nanomechanical analysis of ultrasound-modified protein assemblies revealed a correlation between the β-sheet content and elastic modulus of the protein material. Suppressing one of the ultrasound-derived effects allowed us to control the structural transformations of lysozyme. Overall, our comprehensive investigation establishes the boundary conditions under which ultrasound damages protein structure and fold. This knowledge can be utilized to impose medically desirable structural modifications on amyloid β-sheet-rich proteins.
The versatile family of molybdenum oxides: synthesis, properties, and recent applications
Authors: Concepción O , de Melo O
Published: January 2023

The family of molybdenum oxides has numerous advantages that make them strong candidates for high-value research and various commercial applications. The variation of their multiple oxidation states allows their existence in a wide range of compositions and morphologies that converts them into highly versatile and tunable materials for incorporation into energy, electronics, optical, and biological systems. In this review, a survey is presented of the most general properties of molybdenum oxides including the crystalline structures and the physical properties, with emphasis on present issues and challenging scientific and technological aspects. A section is devoted to the thermodynamical properties and the most common preparation techniques. Then, recent applications are described, including photodetectors, thermoelectric devices, solar cells, photo-thermal therapies, gas sensors, and energy storage.
An artificial optoelectronic synapse based on MoO
x
film
Authors: Zhao Jinshi , Zheng ShuTong , Zhou Liwei , Mi Wei , Ding Yue , Wang Meng
Published: January 2023

Artificial optoelectronic synapses have the advantages of large bandwidth, low power consumption and low crosstalk, and are considered to be the basic building blocks of neuromorphic computing. In this paper, a two-terminal optoelectronic synaptic device with ITO-MoO
x
-Pt structure is prepared by magnetron sputtering. The performance of resistive switching (RS) and the photo plastic properties of the device are analyzed and demonstrated. Electrical characterization tests show that the device has a resistive HRS/LRS ratio of about 90, stable endurance, and retention characteristics of more than 104 s (85 °C). The physical mechanism of the device is elucidated by a conducting filament composed of oxygen vacancies. Furthermore, the function of various synaptic neural morphologies is successfully mimicked using UV light as the stimulation source. Including short-term/long-term memory, paired-pulse facilitation, the transition from short-term to long-term memory, and ‘learning-experience’ behavior. Integrated optical sensing and electronic data storage devices have great potential for future artificial intelligence, which will facilitate the rapid development of retina-like visual sensors and low-power neuromorphic systems.
Fractional oscillon equations: continuity properties of attractors with respect to order of the equations
Authors: Bezerra Flank D M , Figueroa-López Rodiak N , Nascimento Marcelo J D
Published: January 2023

In this paper we are concerned with convergence properties of pullback attractors with respect to order of the fractional oscillon equations, that is, we study the fast growing dissipative semilinear oscillon equations as a limiting problem of semilinear equations with the main part being the fractional powers of the oscillon operators. We show that the family of pullback attractors associated with this approximations problems behave upper semicontinuously and we also show a result of continuity of the pullback attractors with respect to order of the fractional oscillon equations in each point of a dense residual subset of the interval

[
0
,
1
]

.
Magnetofriction—a new concept for shape memory composites
Authors: Hermann S , Muniz N , Ouisse M , Hirsinger L , Chevallier G
Published: January 2023

This paper introduces a new concept for shape memory based on elastic forces and magnetically induced friction forces in composite materials consisting of magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs). Magnetic attraction forces between two MAEs generate a contact pressure at their interface and the friction allows to maintain stable deformed shapes of the so-called magnetofriction shape memory polymers (MF-SMPs). When the contact is loosened, the friction forces vanish and the elastic forces in each part of the assembly bring the parts back into their initial state where the contact can be established once again. The shape memory effect is studied in three-point bending tests with two stacked MAEs. The global force-displacement relations reveal a hysteretic behavior due to local residual displacements after the test are observed by the help of digital image correlation. The test structure stores up to 25% of the applied displacement. The local contact state (sliding or sticking) is evaluated in different regions of the MF-SMP which gives an insight into the shape memory mechanism magnetofriction. Two methods for the shape-recovery of the MF-SMP by elastic forces in the MAEs are proposed, a manual separation and an air flow at the interface of the MF-SMP, and a comparison of magnetofriction to other shape memory mechanisms is performed.
Absolutely secure distributed superdense coding: entanglement requirement for optimality
Authors: Dutta Sagnik , Banerjee Asmita , Panigrahi Prasanta K
Published: January 2023

Superdense coding uses entanglement as a resource to communicate classical information efficiently through quantum channels. A superdense coding method is optimal when its capacity reaches Holevo bound. We show that for optimality, maximal entanglement is a necessity across the bipartition of Alice and Bob, but neither absolute nor genuine multipartite entanglement is required. Unlike the previous schemes, which can transmit either even or odd bits of information, we demonstrate a generalized dense coding protocol using the genuine multipartite entangled GHZ state to send arbitrary information bits. Expressed in the eigenbasis of different Pauli operators, GHZ state is characterized by a unique parity pattern which enables us to formulate a security checking technique to ensure absolute security of the protocol. We show this method is better applicable in a scenario, where the initial information is distributed among spatially separated parties. Finally, optimizing the number of qubit(s) sent to Bob, we construct a distributed dense coding method, which completely depicts absolutely secure quantum communication between many to one party.
Dynamical rational solutions and their interaction phenomena for an extended nonlinear equation
Authors: Ali Karmina K , Yusuf Abdullahi , Ma Wen-Xiu
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we analyze the extended Bogoyavlenskii-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (eBKP) equation utilizing the condensed Hirota’s approach. In accordance with a logarithmic derivative transform, we produce solutions for single, double, and triple M-lump waves. Additionally, we investigate the interaction solutions of a single M-lump with a single soliton, a single M-lump with a double soliton, and a double M-lump with a single soliton. Furthermore, we create sophisticated single, double, and triple complex soliton wave solutions. The extended Bogoyavlenskii-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation describes nonlinear wave phenomena in fluid mechanics, plasma, and shallow water theory. By selecting appropriate values for the related free parameters we also create three-dimensional surfaces and associated counter plots to simulate the dynamical characteristics of the solutions offered.
Sustainability of entanglement sudden death under the action of memory channel
Authors: Awasthi Natasha , Joshi Dheeraj Kumar
Published: January 2023

Quantum entanglement is an important resource in quantum information science. Its useful effects get disturbed when it is subjected to environmental effect and led to decay of entanglement. The behaviour of entanglement have been studied for maximally entangled mixed state (MEMS) under different cases. Here we proposed a method for the sustainability of entanglement using the concept of memory noise. During this study interesting results were observed for the intensification of entanglement sudden death (ESD) which have many applications in quantum information processing task. Analytical results were derived for MEMS state. After detailed discussion the problem is theoretically analysed and simulation results of ESD are presented.
Prediction of one-dimensional CrN nanostructure as a promising ferromagnetic half-metal
Authors: Xiang Wenyu , Wang Yaping , Ji Weixiao , Hou Wenjie , Li Shengshi , Wang Peiji
Published: January 2023

Searching for one-dimensional (1D) nanostructure with ferromagnetic (FM) half-metallicity is of significance for the development of miniature spintronic devices. Here, based on the first-principles calculations, we propose that the 1D CrN nanostructure is a FM half-metal, which can generate the fully spin-polarized current. The ab initio molecular dynamic simulation and the phonon spectrum calculation demonstrate that the 1D CrN nanostructure is thermodynamically stable. The partially occupied Cr-d orbitals endow the nanostructure with FM half-metallicity, in which the half-metallic gap (Δs) reaches up to 1.58 eV. The ferromagnetism in the nanostructure is attributed to the superexchange interaction between the magnetic Cr atoms, and a sizable magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy (MAE) is obtained. Moreover, the transverse stretching of nanostructure can effectively modulate Δs and MAE, accompanied by the preservation of half-metallicity. A nanocable is designed by encapsulating the CrN nanostructure with a BN nanotube, and the intriguing magnetic and electronic properties of the nanostructure are retained. These novel characteristics render the 1D CrN nanostructure as a compelling candidate for exploiting high-performance spintronic devices.
Two-photon absorption of FAPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Xuanyu , Xiao Shuyu , Wang Xiongbin , He Tingchao , Chen Rui
Published: January 2023

Perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) with high two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-section are of great interest due to their potential applications in three-dimensional optical data storage and multiphoton fluorescence microscopy. Among various perovskite materials, FAPbBr3 NCs show a better development prospect due to their excellent stability. However, there are few reports on their nonlinear optical properties. In this work, the nonlinear optical behavior of FAPbBr3 NCs is studied. The methods of multiphoton absorption photoluminescence saturation and open aperture Z-scan technique were applied to determine the TPA cross-section of FAPbBr3 NCs, which was around 2.76 × 10−45 cm4⋅s⋅photon−1 at 800 nm. In addition, temperature-dependent photoluminescence induced by TPA was investigated, and the small longitudinal optical phonon energy and electron–phonon coupling strength was obtained, which confirm the weak Pb–Br interaction. Meanwhile, it is found that the exciton binding energy in FAPbBr3 NCs was 69.668 meV, which may be ascribed to the strong hydrogen bond interaction. It is expected that our findings will promote the application of FAPbBr3 NCs in optoelectronic devices.
Impact of β

n
and spectrum of n = 1 applied fields on fast ion losses in DIII-D
Authors: Gage K.R. , Chen X. , Van Zeeland M. , Heidbrink W.W. , Hanson J. , Lyons B. , Pace D.C. , Galdon-Quiroga J. , Garcia-Munoz M.
Published: January 2023

The effect of n = 1 magnetic perturbations (MPs) on prompt fast ion losses in DIII-D has been investigated using the light ion beam probe technique. The effect of normalized beta, β

n
, and the plasma response to the MPs is studied for several MP spectra. Magnetics data show a strong dependence of plasma response to β

n
that depends on the phase difference in perturbation coils,

Δ

ϕ

U
L

. For most phases, the response increases with β

n
, however, the response is suppressed for phases between 180∘ and 240∘. Experimental data from scintillator based fast ion loss detectors shows that relative fluctuation of lost ions (20%–30% of the steady signal) does not diminish across the L- to H-mode transition for

Δ

ϕ

U
L

=

240

∘

, despite the 34% decrease in radial response field and 50% decrease in poloidal response field. Simulations of the DIII-D discharges using M3D-C1 and ASCOT5 find that prompt losses from neutral beam injection in each investigated case hit the first wall at several concentrated locations: the vessel floor, midplane diagnostic ports, vessel ceiling, and inner wall. Simulated losses from co-injection neutral beams are born outside the last closed flux surface, corresponding to radial orbit displacements of 3–6 cm due to the MPs.
GEDI waveform metrics in vegetation mapping—a case study from a heterogeneous tropical forest landscape
Authors: Dwiputra Adrian , Coops Nicholas C , Schwartz Naomi B
Published: January 2023

The distribution of different vegetation types is important information for landscape management, especially in the context of tackling global environmental change. Vegetation types can be mapped using satellite and airborne passive remote sensing. However, spectrally similar yet structurally different vegetation types, like different tree-dominated land covers, are often challenging to map using spectral information alone. We examined the potential of vertical vegetation structure acquired in the global ecosystem dynamics investigation (GEDI) mission that harnesses a space-borne waveform lidar sensor in vegetation mapping across a heterogeneous tropical landscape in Cambodia. We extracted 121 waveform metrics from Level-1B and Level-2A data products at 1062 locations across five key vegetation types. After reducing the relative height variables’ dimensionality through simple linear regressions, we developed a Random Forest classifier to predict vegetation classes based on 23 GEDI metrics. We then used this model to classify the vegetation types across more than 77 000 GEDI footprints in the study area. GEDI metrics alone were useful in identifying vegetation types with 81% accuracy. Cropland/grassland class had the highest prediction accuracy (user’s accuracy [UA] = 89%; producer’s accuracy [PA] = 91%), while dry deciduous forest had the lowest accuracy (UA = 73%; PA = 69%). By comparing the GEDI-only classification with an optical-radar map, we found that structural and topographic information from GEDI Level-1B and Level-2A can complement the spectral information in assessing natural habitats that neighbor other vegetation types in a heterogeneous landscape. The highest classification accuracy at the footprint scale was obtained from the combination of GEDI, Sentinel-1, and Sentinel-2 (88.3%). We also demonstrated how wall-to-wall vegetation mapping is possible by combining the three data sources. These findings expand the potential use of GEDI waveform lidar data in supporting the development of policy-relevant maps that depict the distribution of forests together with other vegetation types.