bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case of Cancer-Associated Hyponatraemia: Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Secondary to Nivolumab
Authors: Galliazzo Silvia , Morando Filippo , Sartorato Paola , Bortolin Michela , De Menis Ernesto
Published: July 2021

Background:

Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors is a new frontier for
cancer treatment. On the safety profile, this drugs class is associated with a new spectrum of side effects,
the so-called immune-related adverse events that can potentially affect any organs, mainly endocrine
glands. Scant data are available to inform the appropriate strategy of their management and
treatment.

Case Presentation:

A 74-years old man with a squamous non-small cell lung cancer on nivolumab
was hospitalized for fatigue, nausea, vomiting and severe hyponatremia. Biochemical tests were
significant for hypotonic hyponatremia with a high urine sodium concentration. Endocrine tests
showed overt primary hypothyroidism and low serum cortisol and aldosterone levels associated
with an elevated circulating level of adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Adrenal antibody screening
and the search of adrenal lesion on CT abdomen were negative. Thus, a nivolumab-induced primary
adrenal insufficiency was diagnosed. Nivolumab withdrawal and replacement treatment with
glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid allowed clinical and biochemical recovery.

Conclusion:

Physicians need to be aware of potential immune-related adverse events in all patients
treated with an immune checkpoint inhibitor. Their timely recognition is essential to carry out the
proper treatment.
A Many-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Two-Phase Selection
Authors: Li Erchao , Wei Li-sen
Published: July 2021

Aims:

The main purpose of this paper is to achieve good convergence and distribution in
different Pareto fronts.

Background:

Research in recent decades has shown that evolutionary multi-objective optimization can
effectively solve multi-objective optimization problems with no more than 3 targets. However, when
solving MaOPs, the traditional evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm is difficult to effectively
balance convergence and diversity. In order to solve these problems, many algorithms have
emerged, which can be roughly divided into the following three types: decomposition-based, indexbased,
and dominance relationship-based. In addition, there are many algorithms that introduce the
idea of clustering into the environment. However, there are some disadvantages to solving different
types of MaOPs. In order to take advantage of the above algorithms, this paper proposes a manyobjective
optimization algorithm based on two-phase evolutionary selection.

Objective:

In order to verify the comprehensive performance of the algorithm on the testing problem of
different Pareto front, 18 examples of regular PF problems and irregular PF problems are used to test
the performance of the algorithm proposed in this paper.

Method:

This paper proposes a two-phase evolutionary selection strategy. The evolution process is
divided into two phases to select individuals with good quality. In the first phase, the convergence area
is constructed by indicators to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm. In the second phase, the
parallel distance is used to map the individuals to the hyperplane, and the individuals are clustered
according to the distance on the hyperplane, and then the smallest fitness in each category is selected.

Result:

For regular Pareto front testing problems, MaOEA/TPS performed better than RVEA, PREA,
CAMOEA and One by one EA in 19, 21, 30, 26 cases, respectively, while it was only outperformed by
RVEA, PREA, CAMOEA and One by one EA in 8, 5, 1, and 6 cases. For the irregular front testing
problem, MaOEA/TPS performed better than RVEA, PREA, CAMOEA and One by one EA in 20, 17,
25, and 21 cases, respectively, while it was only outperformed by RVEA, PREA, CAMOEA and One
by one EA in 6, 8, 1, and 6 cases.

Conclusion:

The paper proposes a many-objective evolutionary algorithm based on two phase selection,
termed MaOEA/TPS, for solving MaOPs with different shapes of Pareto fronts. The results show
that MaOEA/TPS has quite a competitive performance compared with the several algorithms on most
test problems.

Other:

Although the algorithm in this paper has achieved good results, the optimization problem in the
real environment is more difficult, therefore, applying the algorithm proposed in this paper to real
problems will be the next research direction.
Newspaper Debates in Late Eighteenth-Century England: ‘Letters to the Editor’ versus the Political Pamphlet
Authors: Kristiansen Johanne Slettvoll
Published: July 2021

When exploring contributions to political debates in late eighteenth-century England, scholars have typically favoured non-serialized publications, most commonly the pamphlet, thus neglecting the many contributions appearing in the periodical press. This article redresses this oversight by exploring both the shortcomings and the advantages of the newspaper as a medium for political debate in this period. Based on a close reading of leading London newspapers from the politically turbulent years of 1791–95, this article explores the following questions: What advantages did the newspaper have over stand-alone publications such as the political pamphlet? What type of audience were writers of political newspaper commentary trying to reach, and what barriers did they encounter when attempting to do so? Why did the newspaper supplant the non-serialized pamphlet as the leading medium for political debate towards the end of the eighteenth century?
Aline Valette’s L’Harmonie sociale (1892–93): From Social Theory to Editorial Practice
Authors: Bazlamit Aisha
Published: July 2021

When on 15 October 1892, Aline Valette (1850–99) edited the first issue of her weekly newspaper L’Harmonie sociale: organe des droits et des intérêts féminins [Social Harmony: Organ of Women’s Rights and Interests] (1892–93), this activist of the French Workers’ Party had already developed an elaborate social philosophy, the fruit of her double journey as a Marxist and as a feminist. In her journal, Valette synthesized her double fight for the emancipation of women and of the working class in her famous formula ‘Socialism and Sexualism’. This revolutionary project is not only reflected in Valette’s own writings for the journal, but also in the editorial model which she incarnated, and which inspired both her male and female collaborators.
This article studies the manner in which Aline Valette, through her conception of female editorship, succeeded to propose a social paradigm that embodied her vision for a society concomitantly socialist and sexualist. Socialism for this editor is based on the contradiction between Individualism — the excess of which is the source of social inequities, and Collectivism — the only solution to reestablish social harmony. This opposition reflected within her journal through the subtle balance between plurality of voices and opinions on the one hand, and the attachment to a common journalistic enterprise on the other. Likewise, Valette, who defended Sexualism as a means to revoke masculine domination, did not exclude male journalists from her editorial staff, and in doing so, procured a particular position for her ‘feminine’ journal within the press, which at the time was predominantly produced by and destined for men.
Hungarian Feminist Periodicals as Alternative Public Spaces, 1907–18: Values, Networks, and Dissemination Strategies
Authors: Acsády Judit
Published: July 2021

Women have been active as writers, translators, journalists, and editors in Hungarian public life since the mid-nineteenth century. They both participated in the mainstream press and created their own public spaces by establishing periodicals advocating women’s education, employment, and political rights. This article focuses on the Budapest-based journals A Nő és a társadalom [Woman and Society] (1907‒13), founded by Rózsa Schwimmer (1877–1948), and its successor A Nő [Woman] (1914‒27), the official organs of the Hungarian Feminist Association and the National Federation of Female Clerks. Drawing on the archives of the Feminist Association, including readers’ letters, it explores the networks connected to the journals. More particularly, it demonstrates how the editors, who also played key roles in the Association, established local offices and affiliate groups outside the capital to expand their readership and to propagate feminist ideas in the most effective way.
‘A Fact in the History of the World’: The Vegetarian Advocate (1848‒50) and the Serialization of Life
Authors: Young Liam
Published: July 2021

This essay examines the Vegetarian Advocate, a British monthly periodical that ran from 1848 to 1850, and it argues that the periodical’s serial form shaped its representation of vegetarianism. As the first official organ of the UK Vegetarian Society, the Vegetarian Advocate carried different messages to different audiences. For members of the Society, it circulated information on the organization’s publications, annual meetings, membership statistics, and finances, subjects that would be of interest only to insiders. For outsiders and the uninitiated, it published articles explaining vegetarian principles, using arguments drawn from physiology, chemistry, natural history, economics, and ethics to persuade curious readers to experiment with a vegetarian diet. However, drawing on press scholarship and Michel Foucault’s techniques of the self, this essay argues that the serial form of the periodical itself carried an important message on the vegetarians’ ‘serialization of life’, their belief that life be lived serially or, in other words, that forward progress and self-improvement come through repetition, attention to routine, and the everyday training of oneself. Specifically, this essay claims that the seriality of the Vegetarian Advocate allowed the Vegetarian Society to represent its dietary regimen as serial — that is, as a repetitive yet progressive, sequential system of self-transformation in which all forms of activity (from eating to exercising to socializing) accrued meaning sequentially, serially, and relationally, orientating vegetarianism and vegetarians towards a teleological objective, or what Foucault calls the ‘telos of the ethical subject’. Serialization, it claims, was integral to both the practice and concept of vegetarianism: vegetarian print materials were published serially while the practice itself was conceptualized as a progressive step in the development of the individual and the species.
Review of Hester Blum, The News at the Ends of the Earth: The Print Culture of Polar Exploration (2019)
Authors: Gielas Anna
Published: July 2021

Review of Hester Blum, The News at the Ends of the Earth: The Print Culture of Polar Exploration (2019)
Review of Thomas Smits, The European Illustrated Press and the Emergence of a Transnational Visual Culture of the News, 1842–1870 (2020)
Authors: Sinnema Peter W.
Published: July 2021

Review of Thomas Smits, The European Illustrated Press and the Emergence of a Transnational Visual Culture of the News, 1842–1870 (2020)
Realisation of micro-speckle patterns for digital image correlation on dental implants
Authors: Cluydts C. , De Waele W.
Published: July 2021

In vitro experiments and finite element analyses can be used to investigate the mechanicalperformance of dental implant structures. But before experimental and mechanical evaluations can becarried out, the right material properties, test methods and measurement techniques should be pointed out.The material properties of dental implants and characteristics of the jaw bone are widely documented.Concerning the right experimental setup and measurement techniques no conclusive description is given.Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is currently a widespread method. It uses random speckle patterns that arecorrelated to accurately measure displacement and strains of 3D-structures. If accurate results arepursued, first a thorough optimisation of this measuring technique must be accomplished. The choices aremade based on the expected effect of load application on a dental implant. In literature the expecteddisplacements are quite small, magnitude 100µm, which requires high accuracy measurements. Thepossibilities of using DIC on micro-scale for titanium components is discussed in this paper.
The Mask in Verse. Imaginary Poets and Their Autobiographical Poetry (Jan Wagner, Die Eulenhasser in den Hallenhäusern)
Authors: Müller-Tamm Jutta
Published: July 2021

This article examines German poet Jan Wagner’s Die Eulenhasser in den Hallenhäusern [The Owl Haters in the Hall Houses] (2012) and the effects of fictional authorship with respect to autobiographical poetry. Wagner's fiction of three poets—their lives and their poems—proves to be an artfully ambivalent construction: on the one hand, the link between persona and poetic voice seems to be undeniably given, while on the other hand, the autobiographical impact of the poems appears to be an effect of the reader’s desire and his or her response to the work. Wagner’s text exploits, confirms and, at the same time, challenges the desire to read poetry as autobiographical expression.
A Lyrical ‘I’ Beyond Fiction. Yahya Hassan and Autobiographical Poetry in Denmark After Karl Ove Knausgaard’s My Struggle.
Authors: Kjerkegaard Stefan
Published: July 2021

This article focuses on contemporary autobiographical Danish poetry following the publication of Norwegian author Karl Ove Knausgaard’s novel Min kamp [My Struggle], originally published between 2009 and 2011 [My Struggle (2012–2018)]. Focusing on the 2013 poetry collection Yahya Hassan by the Danish-Palestinian poet Yahya Hassan, this article argues that the lyrical autobiographical voice escapes its narrative construction in fiction, illustrating a lyrical ‘I’ in contemporary autobiographical poetry that is ‘beyond fiction’. Paradoxically, this is due in part to Knausgaard’s novel, where moving beyond fiction is about discovering an artistic and authentic way to re-establish a proximity to the world. Through the examination of Hassan’s poetry collection and the immediate literary context, this article explores the underlying moral, aesthetic, and mediatized aspects of lyrical self-presentation in contemporary Danish poetry, and more generally. Self-disclosure and the use of private material are therefore not strategies for doing away with the subject but, rather, ways of reclaiming it.
EARLY AND DELAYED REACTION OF BCL-2+ PROTEIN IN THE NERVE AND GLIAL CELLS OF THE FRONTAL LOBE CEREBRAL CORTEX IN RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES MELLITUS ON ACUTE CIRCULATORY
Authors: Kmet Т. I.
Published: July 2021

The activity of antiapoptotic processes in neurons and glial cell sof the frontal lobe cerebral cortex has been studied according to the change sof Bcl-2+ protein content in rats with streptosotocin induced diabetes mellitus in the dynamics of ischemic-reperfusion cerebral injury. 20 minute ischemia with one hour reperfusion in animals without diabetes mellitus concerning the control has been found to intensify antiapoptotic potential of the nerve cells of the frontal lobe cortex at the expense of increased general content of Bcl-2+ protein, and glial cells — at the expense of increased amount of Bcl-2+-cells. On the 12th day of the post-ischemic period the activity of antiapoptotic processes in the nerve cells remains increased, and in glial cells it decreases by means of reducing concentration of Bcl-2+ protein. Streptosotocin induced diabetes during three months does not affect the areal density of Bcl-2+-nerve cells and the content of Bcl-2+ protein in them, although it increases the areal density of Bcl-2+-glial cells considerably with less substantial decrease of Bcl-2+ protein content in them as compared to the appropriate indices in rats without this pathology. The nerve cells of the frontal lobe cerebral cortex of rats with diabetes mellitus in early and delayed ischemic-reperfusion periods present the activation of antiapoptotic mechanisms at the expense of increase of both the number of Bcl-2+-cells and the content of Bcl-2+ protein in them; in Bcl-2+-glial cells on the 12th day of the experiment the content of Bcl-2+ protein decreases inconsiderably against their unchanged amount.
CLINICAL CASE OF LAWRENCE LIPOATROPHIC DIABETES
Authors: Kravchun N. A. , Chernyavskay I. V. , Zemlianitsyna O. V. , Romanova I. P.
Published: July 2021

This article describes a clinical case of Lawrence lipoatrophic diabetes patient who was born in 1963. The differential diagnosis with gipermuskulin lipodystrophy. Diagnostic criteria of Lawrence lipoatrophic diabetes were shown. They are specific patient’s appearance big changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The dynamics of the patient’s status on the background of symptomatic therapy was evaluated.
Transhumanism: from Julian Huxley to UNESCO
Authors: Byk Christian
Published: July 2021

Julian Huxley, founder and the first Director-General of UNESCO, is at the heart of contemporary debates on the nature and objectives of the concept of transhumanism, which he first used in the early 1950s. Therefore, the analysis of his idea of transhumanism - a tool to improve the quality of life and the condition of man - should lead us to question his heritage in terms of philosophy that inspires UNESCO’s action as it seeks to build a comprehensive approach to artificial intelligence that takes into account, among other things, the values and principles of universal ethics and aims to derive the best from the use of this technology. This title where the British biologist, the elder brother of the famous science fiction writer, Aldous Huxley, author of the Brave New World, coexists with the United Nations Organization in charge of Education of Science and Culture is obvious for those who know the history of this international organization or who like radio games: Julian Huxley was appointed as the first Director-General of UNESCO in 1946. But, beyond this evidence, there is a deeper link that highlights the history of the renewal of the idea of transhumanism (I) and questions about the role that UNESCO has, among the other international organizations (II).
Влияние дополнительной имплантации ионов кислорода на дислокационную люминесценцию кремния, содержащего кислородные преципитаты
Authors: Соболев Н.А. , Калядин А.Е. , Штельмах К.Ф. , Шек Е.И.
Published: July 2021

Dislocation-related photoluminescence is studied in unimplanted and implanted with oxygen ions silicon wafers after multistage heat treatment, used for the formation of internal getter in microelectronics, and final annealing at 1000°С in a chlorine-containing atmosphere. In unimplanted sample, the dislocation-related luminescence line D1 dominates and its intensity is more than one order of magnitude in comparison with another dislocation-related luminescence line D2. With increasing temperature, an intensity of the D1 line increases and then decreases. In implanted sample, the intensities of the D1 and D2 lines increase. For both the lines, temperature quenching of their intensities is observed only. The energies of quenching and increase of the intensities of dislocation-related photoluminescence lines are determined. Possible reasons of observed effects are discussed.
Моделирование размерных эффектов при фазовых превращениях в субмикронных частицах сплава Au-Pt-Pd
Authors: Федосеев В.Б.
Published: July 2021

Size effects act at phase equilibria in micro- and nanoparticles They appear as shifts of the characteristic lines and points in the phase diagrams. We simulated and visualized these effects in ternary systems, such as Au–Pt–Pd solid solution. We applied methods of chemical thermodynamics to study the influence of the alloy composition on the region where core-shell states for the particles with a radius of 250 nm exist. It was shown that the splitting area of the alloy decreases and splits due to competing core-shell states, with Pt segregation in either core or shell phase. The phase diagram contains nodes of stable and metastable core-shell equilibrium states. We studied some of the properties of these states (composition of coexisting solutions, radius of the core phase). The described effects are relevant for understanding the catalytic activity of Au–Pt–Pd alloy particles.
Сравнительный анализ магнитосиловых характеристик магнитных линеек на основе постоянных магнитов и сверхпроводящих лент
Authors: Подливаев А.И. , Руднев И.А.
Published: July 2021

Теоретически рассмотрены характеристики магнитолевитационных систем двух типов, отличающихся по способу создания градиентного магнитного поля. В первом случае градиентное магнитное поле в системе источник магнитного поля--сверхпроводник создается с помощью магнитной линейки (набора) из постоянных NdFeB-магнитов. Во втором случае магнитная линейка представляет собой набор лент высокотемпературных сверхпроводников, намагниченных внешним полем и выполняющих роль источника градиентного поля. Проведенные расчеты показали, что при температуре жидкого азота магнитные линейки на основе пакетов ВТСП-лент уступают по эффективности наборам из постоянных магнитов при размерах периодов магнитной линейки до 38 mm. При большей величине периода магнитные линейки на основе пакетов ВТСП-лент более эффективны. Также показано, что эффективность магнитных линеек на основе пакетов ВТСП-лент резко возрастает с понижением температуры. Ключевые слова: сверхпроводник, критический ток, GdBaCuO, магнитолевитационные системы.
Антиферродисторсионная мягкая мода в кристалле PbZr-=SUB=-0.024-=/SUB=-Ti-=SUB=-0.976-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Вахрушев С.Б. , Бронвальд Ю.А. , Петрухно К.А. , Удовенко С.А. , Леонтьев И.Н. , Bosak A.
Published: July 2021

The antiferrodistortive soft mode was detected at the M point of the Brillouin zone in a crystal PbZr0.024Ti0.976O3 using the method of inelastic scattering of synchrotron radiation. The performed group-theoretical analysis and calculations of inelastic structural factors made it possible to relate the detected critical excitation to oxygen octahedra rotations. The traced temperature evolution of the soft mode frequency obeys the Curie-Weiss law with Curie temperature T AFD = 438 ± 5 K, which is close to the ferroelectric Curie temperature T FE = 479.5 K.
Влияние концентрации примеси магния на электрические свойства кристаллов LiNbO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Яценко А.В. , Евдокимов С.В. , Шульгин В.Ф. , Палатников М.Н. , Сидоров Н.В. , Макарова О.В.
Published: July 2021

Using the results of studying the electrical conductivity in the temperature range of ~ 295-460 K and the IR absorption spectra of a series of LiNbO3: Mg crystals, it is shown that as the Mg content in the sample increases, the mobility of H+ ions sharply decreases when moving along the polar direction. This effect is most clearly manifested in the samples of LiNbO3: Mg crystals with a high (above threshold value) impurity content.
Особенности упрочнения структурированного интенсивной пластической деформацией сплава Al-Cu-Zr
Authors: Орлова Т.С. , Садыков Д.И. , Мурашкин М.Ю. , Казыханов В.У. , Еникеев Н.А.
Published: July 2021

The effect of small additions of copper on the microstructure and physic-mechanical properties of an ultrafine-grained Al-1.47Cu-0.34Zr (wt%) alloy structured by high pressure torsion after preliminary annealing at 375 °C for 140 h has been studied. As a result of processing, high values of strength characteristics (conditional yield strength 430 MPa, ultimate tensile strength 574 MPa) with an acceptable level of electrical conductivity (46.1% IACS) and ductility (elongation to fracture ~ 5%) have been achieved. On the basis of the microstructural parameters determined by X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy, hardening mechanisms responsible for such high strength have been analyzed. It was shown that Cu plays the key role in strengthening. The addition of copper significantly contributes to grain refinement and, consequently, to grain-boundary hardening. Alloying with copper leads to significant additional hardening (~ 130 MPa) in the ultrafine-grained alloy, which is not typical for coarse-grained state. Segregation of Cu at grain boundaries and the formation of Cu nanoclusters are the most probable reasons for this hardening.
Влияние температуры деформации на эффект реализации высокой пластичности в ультрамелкозернистом сплаве Al-1.5Cu
Authors: Мавлютов А.М. , Орлова Т.С. , Яппарова Э.Х. , Еникеев Н.А. , Мурашкин М.Ю.
Published: July 2021

For the first time the influence of temperature of mechanical tension on the plastification effect (PE) in ultrafine-grained (UFG) Al-1.5Cu (wt.%) alloy was studied. The UFG structure in the material was formed by high pressure torsion (HPT). A significant increase in the plasticity (from ~ 3% to 22%) of the UFG alloy while maintaining high ultimate tensile strength (450 MPa) was achieved by additional treatment, including low temperature annealing and subsequent small additional HPT deformation. The temperature range of the PE implementation was revealed. It was shown that decrease of the deformation temperature leads to a gradual decrease of the PE and its disappearance at –20 oC. Cu alloying led to a significant narrowing of the range of PE implementation from low temperature side compared to the UFG commercially pure Al. Possible reasons of the influence of Cu alloying on temperature dependence of the PE are discussed.
Влияние процессов микросегрегации на формирование периодических примесных сверхструктур в бинарных сплавах
Authors: Чеврычкина А.А. , Корженевский А.Л.
Published: July 2021

The influence of the trapping of mobile impurity atoms by immobile defects on superstructures is analyzed. Superstructures are formed as a result of solid-solid phase transitions like the directional crystallization. A capillary wave model was used for the analysis. It was shown that the conditions for the appearance of periodic superstructures are facilitated when the time of the diffusion jump of impurity atoms is much shorter than the characteristic time of their segregation at defects.
Электронная структура и диффузия натрия в Na-=SUB=-4-x-=/SUB=-K-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Mg(MoO_4)-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Суетин Д.В. , Сердцев А.В. , Медведева Н.И.
Published: July 2021

The electronic structure and sodium diffusion in Na4-xKxMg(MoO4)3 with an alluadite structure have been investigated by ab initio methods. It was found that this molybdate is an insulator with a band gap of 3.5 eV for x = 0.25. The most probable positions of potassium in the sodium sublattice have been determined, and the preferred pathways for sodium migration have been established. It has been shown that the barriers to sodium diffusion in Na4-xKxMg(MoO4)3 significantly depend on the composition, position of potassium, and migration path. The introduction of potassium leads to a significant decrease in the barriers to both one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) sodium diffusion. However, the presence of potassium in 1D channels can hinder the rapid migration of sodium, and a sharp increase in conductivity occurs only at high temperatures due to the order-disorder transition.
Электронно-стимулированная десорбция атомов лития из слоев лития на поверхности Li-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Au-=SUB=-y-=/SUB=-
Authors: Кузнецов Ю.А. , Лапушкин М.Н.
Published: July 2021

For the first time, semiconductor 2D layers LixAuy have been created on the surface of gold deposited on a tungsten substrate. The processes of electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) of Li atoms in the Li / LixAuy / Au / W system are studied. It is shown that ESD processes occur in the Li monolayer and the LixAuy layer closest to it. A model of ESD of Li atoms in the Li / LixAuy / Au / W system is proposed.
Correction of iron deficiency in the clinical picture of internal medicine
Authors: Mandziy Z.P. , Boichuk O.H. , Myhovych V.V.
Published: July 2021

Background. The purpose was to theoretically and practically substantiate the existing approaches to the problem of prevalence, causes, clinical manifestations, as well as diagnosis and use of the latest methods of treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) based on studying scientific ideas. Materials and methods. We used systematic analysis, synthesis, and generalization of scientific and medical literature to make it possible to consider modern views on the problem of IDA among different populations in terms of its epidemiology, etiology, presentation of iron metabolism in the body, and pathogenetic mechanisms of clinical and laboratory symptoms as well as modern methods of laboratory diagnosis of anemia and conclusions on a comprehensive approach to the treatment and prevention. Results. The most common blood disease is iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency occurs as a result of a mismatch between the body’s needs for iron and its intake or loss. According to the WHO, more than half of the population in different countries suffers from iron deficiency anemia. It covers all age groups but is most common in children, adolescents, and pregnant women. The symptoms of anemia are pale skin, fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath, loss of consciousness, dysfunction of many organs. The most common causes of iron deficiency anemia are bleeding from wounds or peptic ulcers, hemorrhoidal bleeding, excessive blood loss during menstruation, uterine fibroids, ulcerative colitis, malignant tumors, gastrectomy, and others. In this disease, the iron depot in the body decreases. According to data from domestic and foreign scientists, as well as the WHO, IDA of varying severity is observed in 20 % of the population. The treatment of IDA should first eliminate the cause of bleeding, prescribe a protein-enriched diet, vitamins, and trace elements. In many countries, the prevention and treatment of anemia are becoming a social challenge. The presence of iron deficiency reduces the quality of life of patients, disrupts their ability to work, causes functional disorders of many organs and systems. To prevent and eliminate iron deficiency, a whole group of iron-containing drugs is successfully used, the range of which is constantly replenishing and updating, as well as a comprehensive approach to treatment with modern iron drugs is discussing. Conclusions. The main pathological and physiological conditions that lead to the development of iron deficiency in different population groups are analyzed. Therefore, the treatment of IDA is aimed not only at eliminating anemia as a symptom, but also at eliminating iron deficiency and replenishing its reserves in the body, which can be achieved by taking a liposomal form of iron.
Factor Analysis on Rice Product Labels as a Consideration for Consumer's Purchase Decision In Yogyakarta
Authors: Khasanah Melani Yulinar , S.P., M.P. Dr. Jamhari , Darwanto, S.U. Prof. Dr. Ir Dwidjono Hadi
Published: July 2021

Rice is one of the staple foods consumed by most Indonesians causes rice products to grow in line with consumer demand. As a widely consumed product, rice production labeling is a concern following the latest health issues. Labels are expected to provide useful information in determining products to be purchased by consumers, so it is necessary to know the information that consumers expect. This study aims to determine the attributes on the label that consumers consider when making purchasing decisions. The online questionnaire was filled in by 125 random respondents in Yogyakarta City and Sleman Regency, considering the current conditions (the Covid-19 pandemic). Determination of the factors taken into consideration using the Confirmatory Factor Analyze (CFA) method and appropriate statistical tools were used to analyze the data. The results showed that 74% of the respondents purchased labeled rice products in the last month. As many as 98.65% of respondents who bought labeled rice read the labels before making a purchase decision, and 78.38% considered labeling rice products important. Two factors are considered when making a purchasing decision: product specifications (price and production code) and product quality (organic labeling, net weight, nutritional content, BPOM registration number, and SNI label).
A New Approach for Allocating a New Party's Budget during an Election Campaign
Authors: Talmor Irit , Osnat Akirav Osnat
Published: July 2021

During pre-election campaigns, parties make great efforts to persuade constituents to vote for them. Usually, new parties have smaller budgets and fewer resources than veteran parties. Generally, the more heterogeneous the party’s electorate, the more critical the issue of resource allocation. This paper presents a method for new parties to efficiently allocate campaign advertising resources and maximise voters. The model developed uses the Pareto principle and multi-criteria approach, integrating the party’s confidential data together with official open-to-all data. We implemented the model on a specific new party during the intensive political period before the April 2019 elections in Israel, finding that the model produced clear and unbiased results, and this made it effective and user-friendly for strategy teams and campaign managers.
Gene Expression Profiling in Kidney Transplants with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor–Associated Adverse Events
Authors: Adam Benjamin A. , Murakami Naoka , Reid Graeme , Du Katie , Jasim Ruqaya , Boils Christie L. , Bu Lihong , Hill Peter D. , Murray Allan G. , Renaudin Karine , Roufosse Candice , Weins Astrid , Wen Kevin , Riella Leonardo V. , Mengel Michael
Published: July 2021

Background and objectives

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly used to treat various malignancies, but their application in patients with kidney transplants is complicated by high allograft rejection rates. Immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated rejection is a novel, poorly understood entity demonstrating overlapping histopathologic features with immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated acute interstitial nephritis, which poses a challenge for diagnosis and clinical management. We sought to improve the understanding of these entities through biopsy-based gene expression analysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

NanoString was used to measure and compare the expression of 725 immune-related genes in 75 archival kidney biopsies, including a 25-sample discovery cohort comprising pure T cell–mediated rejection and immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated acute interstitial nephritis and an independent 50-sample validation cohort comprising immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated acute interstitial nephritis, immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated T cell–mediated rejection, immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated crescentic GN, drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis, BK virus nephropathy, and normal biopsies.

Results

Significant molecular overlap was observed between immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated acute interstitial nephritis and T cell–mediated rejection. Nevertheless, IFI27, an IFN-α–induced transcript, was identified and validated as a novel biomarker for differentiating immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated T cell–mediated rejection from immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated acute interstitial nephritis (validation cohort: P<0.001, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve =100%, accuracy =86%). Principal component analysis revealed heterogeneity in inflammatory gene expression patterns within sample groups; however, immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated T cell–mediated rejection and immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated acute interstitial nephritis both demonstrated relatively more molecular overlap with drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis than T cell–mediated rejection, suggesting potential dominance of hypersensitivity mechanisms in these entities.

Conclusions

These results indicate that, although there is significant molecular similarity between immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated rejection and acute interstitial nephritis, biopsy-based measurement of IFI27 gene expression represents a potential biomarker for differentiating these entities.
The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion by Jonathan Haidt: Book Review
Authors: Abulhul Zeinab
Published: July 2021

In The Righteous Mind, Jonathan Haidt examines the moral grounds that people intuitively believe. He presented his idea by asking why good people are divided by politics and religion. Then, he asked about morality by asking, “Where does morality come from?” (Haidt, 2012, p. 3). He explained that people understand social morality in different ways. People live in unique societies that shape their understanding of social norms, which are based on many factors, such as culture, religion, and education. Haidt based his ideas about the righteous mind on three principles and demonstrated them through three metaphors to help his readers understand his theory. The first principle is “intuitions come first,” and its central metaphor is that the mind is like a rider on an elephant, where the rider’s job is to serve the elephant. The second principle is “there is more to morality than harm and fairness,” and its central metaphor is that the righteous mind is like a tongue with six taste receptors. The third principle is “morality binds and blinds,” and its metaphor is that we are 90 percent chimp and 10 percent bee (Pp. 3, 109, 217).
Understanding the Challenges of Graduation Rate Faced by Two Education Preparatory Programs in the State of Mississippi
Authors: Wang, Ph.D. Ying , Ahanonu, Ph.D. Chukwuma , Ph.D. Kalanya Moore,
Published: July 2021

In this study, the authors described the contribution of student’s academic performance indicators as predictors of graduation rate in two Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) Education Preparatory Program (EPP) in the State of Mississippi. The authors interviewed two EPP chairs in summer 2019 and used qualitative inquiry to code and look for themes to provide meaning and add additional explanation to the students’ graduation rate. The main findings of the study suggest that teacher candidates’ ACT/SAT scores are predictive of graduation rates. Similarly, socioeconomic status showed a positive relationship with admission to the EPP and graduation rate. Each EPP faces the challenge of graduating a sufficient number of certified teachers to ensure its continuity. The EPP needs to ensure that students are capable of passing the state certification exams and graduating to be successful. Graduation rate is an indicator of EPP performance and its likelihood of continuity and longevity.
FORMATIVE ELECTRONIC ASSESSMENTS DURING COVID-19 LOCKDOWN IN SECOND PHASE MEDICAL UNDERGRADUATES
Authors: PALAPPALLIL DHANYA SASIDHARAN , SUJATHA DEEPA
Published: July 2021

Objective: Electronic learning and assessment was embraced in medical education worldwide following the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was done to determine the perceptions of medical undergraduates on formative electronic assessments conducted during COVID-19 lockdown and to estimate the mean marks scored in these assessments.

Methods: This was a descriptive study done for a period of 3 months on online platform. Six online formative assessments were conducted on Google Forms or Kahoot. A questionnaire was administered as Google Form to collect the perceptions of the participants on perceived ease of use of platform, attitude, and practice adopted in online assessments. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.

Results: The response rate was 97.7%. Kahoot was perceived to be easier with lesser technical glitches and privacy concerns as compared to Google, while it was equivocal in terms of access assessment links, output storage, display clarity, overall user interface, network issues, need for computer literacy, and eyestrain caused. The participants had a positive attitude regarding the usefulness of online assessments however majority liked the traditional assessments more than the online assessments. While less than one-third (22%) had copy pasted some answers, more than half (54.4%) had referred to internet and more than three quarter (79.6%) had referred to textbooks/power points/notes while attending online assessments.

Conclusion: The participants felt that Google Forms and Kahoot were comparable online assessment tools except for difficulty in filling, privacy concerns, and technical issues on Google Forms. The usefulness of online assessments was embraced by the participants but they felt that the traditional assessments were to be continued, while attending online assessments some students had referred to the internet or study materials.
ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF MEFENAMIC ACID BY HYDROTROPE APPROACH: TITRIMETRIC ESTIMATION AND ULTRAVIOLET METHOD VALIDATION
Authors: TRIPATHI DEVIKA , SHARMA DINESH KUMAR , SAHOO JAGANNATH
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Mefenamic acid is used as a modal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for analytical estimation. Due to the poor aqueous solubility, mefenamic acid liberated reduced bioavailability.

Methods: The hydrotropic solubilization technique is a promising technique used to improve the solubility of water-insoluble drugs. Experimentally, 2 M sodium benzoate has been employed in the prior titrimetric estimation of mefenamic acid and shows synergistic enhancement in the solubility of mefenamic acid by many folds as compared to the distilled water. Similarly, sodium benzoate approach was further applied in analytical estimation of marketed oral dosage forms in tablets, capsules, and suspension for checking the reproducibility of applied approach by ultraviolet (UV) method. Validation of UV method was further done and checked for linearity, accuracy, and precision. Drug degradation studies were also performed successfully to investigate the sustainability of mefenamic acid in various dosage forms under various stress conditions and to establish the preferred storage conditions for the drug.

Results: In the present experimental investigation, obtained mean % recoveries were close to 100 indicating the accuracy of the proposed approach. Similarly, in analytical estimation of mefenamic acid in oral marketed forms, results have reported lower values of standard deviation, % coefficient of variation, and standard error facilitated the reproducibility and precision of the proposed approach in the titrimetric estimation and analytical validation of UV method mefenamic acid in bulk and marketed forms.

Conclusion: Therefore, a new, simple, precise, and inexpensive proposed method was executed by validating the result statistically.
CLINICAL PROFILE OF MINERAL BONE DISORDERS (RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY) IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS
Authors: KHATTAR ASHISH , RAO N KARTHIK , PRABHU RAVINDRA , POKHREL BUDDHI RAJ , GURUNG SHANTI , VARGHESE GEORGE M , NAZEER MOHSIN , PRIYANKA JYOTI , TIWARI INDU , PATIL NAVIN
Published: July 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical profile of mineral bone disorders (renal osteodystrophy) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed involving 100 patients above 15 years of age with previously diagnosed chronic renal failure. A series of tests such as biochemical, radiological, and arterial calcifications were monitored. The mean age of subjects in our study was 52.54 years.

Results: Biochemical tests revealed that hypocalcemia was present in 54% of the patients, and hyperphosphatemia was seen in 84% of the participants, while only 22% of the participants had high alkaline phosphate (ALP) levels. Radiological tests revealed that 39 patients had aortic calcification, 42 patients had radial artery calcification, and 27 patients had both. Subperiosteal resorption was seen on 29 participants. The majority of the vascular calcification and subperiosteal resorption was seen in patients with CKD Stage 5, and both aortic and radial artery calcifications were significantly associated with subperiosteal bone resorption.

Conclusion: The results point toward a high prevalence of derangement in the mineral, vascular and valvular calcifications. Serum total ALP can serve as a biochemical marker to identify a pattern of bone turnover where intact parathyroid hormone is not available. The results highlight that serum phosphorus and Ca × P product levels were significantly associated with both aortic and radial artery calcifications. There was no significant association of these calcifications with serum calcium and ALP levels.
EFFECTS OF PATIENT COUNSELING ON DRUG DOSE REGIME AND MEDICATION COMPLIANCE IN ASTHMA PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: OMAR SHIPRA , BANGWAL ROHIT , SHARMA SAHIL , MATHUR PRASHANT
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The objective of study is to estimate the role of counseling on the diseased patients with asthma and its effects on the medication adherence in relation to their associated side effects on medicines on patients. Methods: The prospective case–control study was carried out at the outpatient department of respiratory department. 190 patients were enrolled for the study of 6 months. Patient counseling and follow-up were done on the basis of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) questionnaire. In 190 subjects, 115 were female and 75 were male and were having the pathological history of cough cold, tuberculosis, hypertension, etc. Results: It was found that counseling causes increase in medication adherence of patients from 28.90% to 71.50% and inhaler adherence from 27.60% to 72.60%. Along with the medication adherence, fewer side effects due to various drugs were encountered such as sore throat, rhinitis, constipation, difficulty in glutition, hand tremor, and weight gain. Conclusion: The study concluded that, patient counseling plays an important role in diseases like asthma, which changes the attitude, increases the knowledge which turns out into the better medication results improving the asthmatic symptoms.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY FROM “NEPHROLEPIS EXALTATA”
Authors: SHARMA DEEPAK KUMAR , RS DAVE , KR SHAH
Published: July 2021

Objective: Plants contain various types of phytochemicals with different solvent as per solvation properties, depending on their polarity. The goal of this analysis is to compare the effects of different solvents on the phytochemical profile and the characterization of different volatile bioactive compounds of Nephrolepis exaltata, a typical fern belonging to pteridophyte species.

Methods: For the screening of phytochemical, a sequential extraction was carried out using different solvent systems namely methanol (MeOH), chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, hexane, and ethyl acetate (EtAc). A varied range of phytochemicals was found in the extracts. The volatile components were analyzed using the hyphenated technique gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Results: All the extracts were found to be rich in alkaloids, whereas phenols and Phytosterols were extracted only in MeOH. The MeOH extract of the fern presented positive results for six phytochemical tests and the n-Hexane (nH) extract presented positive results for seven phytochemical tests. The present investigation on the plant N. exaltata aimed to prove that pteridophytes should have various kinds of bioactive phytochemicals and the selection of solvent for extraction of phytochemicals should be based on the target compounds.

Conclusion: From the % yield of different extract, it can be concluded that some the bioactive phytochemicals are more soluble in more polar solvents such as MeOH, some are soluble in moderate solvents like EtAc and mostly non-polar organic molecules can be extracted using non-polar solvents like nH. The GC-MS characterization indicates the presence of different fatty compounds and sterols in the plant extract.