bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Xylopia annoniflora (Annonaceae): a new species from central Amazonia
Authors: POMBO MAIHYRA M. , JOHNSON DAVID M. , CHATROU LARS W. , ZARTMAN CHARLES E.
Published: August 2017

Xylopia Linnaeus (1759: 1250) is a monophyletic and widely distributed pantropical genus of Annonaceae (Kessler 1993, Dias & Kinoshita 1998, Lopes & Mello-Silva 2014, Stull et al. 2017). Stull et al. (2017) recently revised the infrageneric classification of the genus on the basis of combined data from seed characters and four plastid markers. Three novelties in arilo have been described, they also recognised a new section, Rugosperma, in addition to the four previously existing ones (Engler & Diels 1901). Approximately 65 species of Xylopia Linnaeus (1759: 1250) occur in the Neotropics, of which all are most likely members of section Xylopia Linnaeus (1759: 1250) (Stull et al. 2017). Nearly half (32 species) of the Neotropical taxa occur in Brazil, of which a majority inhabit the Amazon Basin (Lobão & Johnson 2007, Maas & Rainer 2015).
Mesozoic Ostracoda from Portugal (Cabral Type Collection)
Authors: CABRAL MARIA CRISTINA , LORD ALAN
Published: August 2017

This paper reports the deposition of a collection of type and figured material in the Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt-am-Main. It has proved necessary to make certain taxonomic revisions that have come to light in recent years concerning the paper by Damotte, Cabral & Berthou (1990) on the Aptian of Portugal. Original names are cited below.
First records of Glaresidae (Coleoptera) in China, with the description of a new species from Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi
Authors: KRÁL DAVID , HRŮZOVÁ LUCIE , LU YUANYUAN , BAI MING
Published: August 2017

Two species of Glaresis Erichson, 1848 (Coleoptera: Glaresidae) are reported from China. Glaresis ordosensis new species from Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi is described and compared with the similar species G. orientalis Medvedev, 1976 and G. oxiana Semenov, 1892. Glaresis orientalis, previously known only from Mongolia, is recorded from China (Inner Mongolia), for the first time. A key for the identification of Middle and Central Asian species of Glaresis is provided.
New synonymies of Coprophilus (Zonyptilus) pentatoma Fauvel, 1897 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Oxytelinae)
Authors: GILDENKOV MIKHAIL YU.
Published: August 2017

The following new synonymies are established: Coprophilus (Zonyptilus) pentatoma Fauvel, 1897 = C. (Z.) longicornis Bernhauer, 1903, syn. n. = C. (Z.) bimaculatus Luze, 1904, syn. n. = C. (Z.) rufitarsis Kashcheev, 1999, syn. n.
Toward Generalizing the Impact of Surface Heating, Stratification, and Terrain Geometry on the Daytime Heat Export from an Idealized Valley
Authors: Leukauf Daniel , Gohm Alexander , Rotach Mathias W.
Published: August 2017

The convective export of heat from different types of idealized valleys for fair-weather daytime conditions is studied with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The goal is to test the hypothesis that the total export of heat over the course of the day depends on a so-called breakup parameter B. The breakup parameter is the ratio between the energy required to neutralize the initially stably stratified valley atmosphere and the total energy provided by the surface sensible heat flux. To achieve this goal, simulations with different surface heating, initial stability, and terrain geometry are performed. The fraction of the sensible heat provided at the surface that is exported at crest height over the course of the day depends exponentially on B. The effects of variations of the valley width, crest height, forcing amplitude, and initial stratification on the total export of heat can be described by this function. The complete neutralization of the stratification in the valley is never reached if B exceeds a critical value of about 0.65 for an initially constant stratification. For a valley geometry with linear slopes and sharp crests, up to 60% of the provided heat is exported for the strongest forcing and the weakest stability (i.e., B ≈ 0.1), whereas less than 5% is exported for B > 0.65. The minimum heat export for larger B is higher for rounded crests (10%) and for a deep residual layer that extends to above crest height (17%).
A New Mechanism of the Slow Eastward Propagation of Unstable Disturbances with Convection in the Tropics: Implications for the MJO
Authors: Hayashi Michiya , Itoh Hisanori
Published: August 2017

To understand the slow eastward propagation of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), the authors propose a new mechanism of slow eastward propagation of an unstable disturbance [slow eastward-propagating disturbance (SED)] in the tropics assuming a simplified instability source. Two conditions are necessary over the convective region associated with the SED for this mechanism: (i) moderately negative gross moist stability (GMS) and (ii) strong stretching in the lower layer. The instability due to (i) needs to be moderate for causing a propagating convective disturbance. Under the structure of twin cyclonic vortices to the west and convection to the east, stretching of planetary vorticity associated with the convection produces cyclonic vorticity, which results in eastward propagation of the vortices. Equatorial β-plane dynamics explain the positional relation between the twin vortices and convection coherently: strong equatorial low-level westerly winds accompanying the vortices induce convergence and thus convection to the eastern side of the vortices. The SED may be considered an eastward-propagating large-scale “convective vortex” (LCV). Its dynamics is ascertained by parameter-sweep numerical experiments using a simple model with two cumulus parameterization schemes that can produce negative GMS in the convective region.

This propagation mechanism is based on dynamics and thus does not relate to the instability that may be sensitive to schemes for clouds, moisture, and radiation in realistic situations. Therefore, when an LCV is generated in the tropics under any circumstance, and strong stretching occurs, the LCV necessarily propagates eastward slowly because of the dynamics of the SED. Thus, this mechanism is applicable to the MJO.
Potential Vorticity Diagnostics to Quantify Effects of Latent Heating in Extratropical Cyclones. Part I: Methodology
Authors: Büeler Dominik , Pfahl Stephan
Published: August 2017

Extratropical cyclones develop because of baroclinic instability, but their intensification is often substantially amplified by diabatic processes, most importantly, latent heating (LH) through cloud formation. Although this amplification is well understood for individual cyclones, there is still need for a systematic and quantitative investigation of how LH affects cyclone intensification in different, particularly warmer and moister, climates. For this purpose, the authors introduce a simple diagnostic to quantify the contribution of LH to cyclone intensification within the potential vorticity (PV) framework. The two leading terms in the PV tendency equation, diabatic PV modification and vertical advection, are used to derive a diagnostic equation to explicitly calculate the fraction of a cyclone’s positive lower-tropospheric PV anomaly caused by LH. The strength of this anomaly is strongly coupled to cyclone intensity and the associated impacts in terms of surface weather. To evaluate the performance of the diagnostic, sensitivity simulations of 12 Northern Hemisphere cyclones with artificially modified LH are carried out with a numerical weather prediction model. Based on these simulations, it is demonstrated that the PV diagnostic captures the mean sensitivity of the cyclones’ PV structure to LH as well as parts of the strong case-to-case variability. The simple and versatile PV diagnostic will be the basis for future climatological studies of LH effects on cyclone intensification.
Atmospheric Dynamic and Thermodynamic Processes Driving the Western North Pacific Anomalous Anticyclone during El Niño. Part I: Maintenance Mechanisms
Authors: Wu Bo , Zhou Tianjun , Li Tim
Published: August 2017

The western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone (WNPAC) is an important low-level circulation system that connects El Niño and the East Asian monsoon. In this study, the mechanisms responsible for the formation and maintenance of the WNPAC are explored. Part I of this study focuses on the WNPAC maintenance mechanisms during El Niño mature winter and the following spring. Moisture and moist static energy analyses indicated that the WNPAC is maintained by both the remote forcing from the equatorial central-eastern Pacific via the atmospheric bridge and the local air–sea interactions. Three pacemaker experiments by a coupled global climate model FGOALS-s2, with upper-700-m ocean temperature in the equatorial central-eastern Pacific restored to the observational anomalies plus model climatology, suggest that about 60% (70%) intensity of the WNPAC during the winter (spring) is contributed by the remote forcing from the equatorial central-eastern Pacific. The key remote forcing mechanism responsible for the maintenance of the WNPAC is revealed. In response to El Niño–related positive precipitation anomalies over the equatorial central-eastern Pacific, twin Rossby wave cyclonic anomalies are induced to the west. The northern branch of the twin cyclonic anomalies advects dry and low moist enthalpy air into the tropical western North Pacific, which suppresses local convection. The suppressed convection further drives the WNPAC.
“We Can Write the Scripts Ourselves”: Queer Challenges to Heteronormative Courtship Practices
Authors: Lamont Ellen
Published: August 2017

Courtship conventions are premised on widespread and deeply held cultural beliefs that men and women need and want different things from their romantic relationships. Yet queer relationships challenge the notion of distinct gendered behaviors in romantic relationships, and queer people often explicitly seek to undermine conventional relationship practices. Using interview data from 40 LGBTQ-identified respondents, I examine how queer people negotiate culturally dominant gendered dating and courtship practices. My findings show that, rather than replicate heterosexual norms, respondents actively reject them, seeking new and more egalitarian ways of building romantic relationships. Significantly, the narratives drawn on to justify egalitarian dating practices are similar to those used in their committed relationships. Respondents emphasized egalitarian, flexible, and non-gendered care work in committed relationships, indicating that how people date may potentially set the stage for the dynamics in their relationships. The importance placed on these alternative norms in queer communities, however, contradicts respondents’ assertions that they can create relationships free from cultural constraints, demonstrating how emerging norms can breed their own pressures for conformity.
Adverse Events Following Cervical Disc Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Xu Jordan C. , Goel Chandni , Shriver Michael F. , Tanenbaum Joseph E. , Steinmetz Michael P. , Benzel Edward C. , Mroz Thomas E.
Published: August 2017

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Objectives:

Cervical arthroplasty is an increasingly popular treatment of cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy. An understanding of the potential adverse events (AEs) is important to help both clinicians and patients. We sought to provide a comprehensive systematic review of the AEs reported in all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of cervical disc arthroplasty in an attempt to characterize the quality of reporting.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE and Web of Science for RCTs of cervical disc arthroplasty reporting AEs. We reported the most frequently mentioned AEs, including dysphagia/dysphonia, vascular compromise, dural injury, and infections. We recorded the presence of industry funding and scored the quality of collection methods and reporting of AEs.

Results:

Of the 3734 identified articles, 29 articles met full inclusion criteria. The quality of AE reporting varied significantly between studies, and a combined meta-analysis was not feasible. The 29 articles covered separate 19 RCTs. Eight studies were US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) investigational device exemption (IDE) trials. Rates were recorded for the following AEs: dysphagia/dysphonia (range = 1.3% to 27.2%), vascular compromise (range = 1.1% to 2.4%), cervical wound infection (range = 1.2% to 22.5%), and cerebrospinal fluid leak (range = 0.8% to 7.1%).

Conclusions:

There is a lack of consistency in reporting of AEs among RCTs of cervical arthroplasty. FDA IDE trials scored better in AE event reporting compared to other studies. Standardized definitions for AEs and standardized data collection methodology are needed to improve future studies.
Platelet dense granules begin to selectively accumulate mepacrine during proplatelet formation
Authors: Hanby Hayley A. , Bao Jialing , Noh Ji-Yoon , Jarocha Danuta , Poncz Mortimer , Weiss Mitchell J. , Marks Michael S.
Published: August 2017

Key Points

Compartments labeled by the vital dense granule dye mepacrine are distinct from acidic structures in platelets but not in megakaryocytes. Distinct hypoacidic mepacrine-labeled structures first appear during megakaryocyte differentiation to proplatelets.
The role of the multidisciplinary team in the management of deep infiltrating endometriosis
Authors: Ugwumadu Lilian , Chakrabarti Rima , Williams-Brown Elaine , Rendle John , Swift Ian , John Babbin , Allen-Coward Heather , Ofuasia Emmanuel
Published: August 2017

The multidisciplinary team (MDT) is considered good practice in the management of chronic conditions and is now a well-established part of clinical care in the NHS. There has been a recent drive to have MDTs in the management of women with severe endometriosis requiring complex surgery as a result of recommendations from the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) and British Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (BSGE). The multidisciplinary approach to the management of patients with endometriosis leads to better results in patient outcomes; however, there are potentially a number of barriers to its implementation and maintenance. This paper aims to review the potential benefits, disadvantages and barriers of the multidisciplinary team in the management of severe endometriosis.
The typically developing paediatric foot: how flat should it be? A systematic review
Authors: Uden Hayley , Scharfbillig Rolf , Causby Ryan
Published: August 2017

Background

All typically developing children are born with flexible flat feet, progressively developing a medial longitudinal arch during the first decade of their lives. Whilst the child's foot is expected to be flat, there is currently no consensus as to how flat this foot should be. Furthermore, whilst feet are observed to decrease in flatness with increasing age, it is not known how flat they should be at each age increment. The objective of this systematic review is to define the postural characteristics of the ‘typically’ developing paediatric foot.

Methods

The PRISMA protocol was applied to compare all data currently published describing the typical development of the paediatric foot. The Epidemiological Appraisal Instrument (EAI) was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies.

Results

Thirty four epidemiological papers pertaining to the development of the paediatric foot were graphically compared. Sixteen different foot posture assessments were identified of which footprint based measures were the most reported outcome.

Conclusion

Firstly, the use of the term normal in relation to foot posture is misleading in the categorisation of the paediatric foot, as indeed a flat foot posture is a normal finding at specific ages. Secondly, the foot posture of the developing child is indeed age dependent and has been shown to change over time. Thirdly, no firm conclusion could be reached as to which age the foot posture of children ceases to develop further, as no two foot measures are comparable, therefore future research needs to consider the development of consensus recommendations as to the measurement of the paediatric foot, using valid and reliable assessment tools.
Reciprocity and double plane-wave migration
Authors: Zhao Zeyu , Sen Mrinal K. , Stoffa Paul L.
Published: August 2017

In plane-wave migration techniques, plane-wave data sets with seismic energy in both positive and negative ray-parameter sections are more desirable than those with seismic energy only in either positive or negative ray-parameter sections. Such plane-wave data sets are often referred to as optimal plane-wave data sets because they can be used to illuminate the subsurface from both sides of the targets and, therefore, can produce sharp images. Traditionally, to obtain optimal plane-wave data sets from one-sided gathers generated by marine seismic acquisition geometry, one needs to invoke the reciprocity principle to sort split-spread gathers prior to implementing plane-wave decomposition. We have investigated the applicability of the reciprocity principle in the double plane-wave (DPW) domain. We have developed an easy and efficient merging method that generates optimal plane-wave data sets in the DPW domain using one-sided shot gathers. We call this resultant plane-wave data set the “optimal DPW data set.” We find that an optimal DPW data set transformed from one-sided gathers is a good approximation to a DPW data set transformed from split-spread gathers with the same maximum offset as that of the one-sided gathers. We find that ray-parameter common-image gathers with continuous events in both positive and negative ray-parameter sections can be generated by migrating optimal DPW data sets. This helps migration velocity analysis and improves the subsurface illumination. In addition, we show that the computational cost of DPW migration methods could be reduced with the help of the reciprocity principle. We test our proposed method using a synthetic model to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Chemostratigraphic and depositional characterization of the Niobrara Formation: Techniques for assessing lateral heterogeneity, CEMEX Quarry, Lyons, Colorado, Denver-Julesburg Basin
Authors: O’Neal Denton , Sonnenberg Stephen
Published: August 2017

The Late Cretaceous (89–82 Ma) Niobrara Formation is the primary target for unconventional horizontal well activity in the Denver Basin. With an abundance of horizontal activity, the question of well-length scale lateral heterogeneity becomes paramount addressing steering practices, completion, and ultimately well performance. We have incorporated detailed core description, high-resolution chemostratigraphy, and petrophysical logs from four near-surface cores taken at the CEMEX Lyons Quarry to assess lateral heterogeneity. Cores were originally intended to determine the geochemistry and areal extent of the Fort Hays Limestone Member of the Niobrara Formation, CEMEX’s primary target for cement production. However, due to the cores’ proximity to one another (91.4–609.6 m [300–2000 ft]) and the presence of not only the Fort Hays Limestone but also the petroliferous chalks and marls of the Lower Smoky Hill Member (including the D Chalk, C Marl, and a portion of the C Chalk), the data set can also be used as a proxy to model changes along a pseudohorizontal wellbore. Observations include lateral bentonite discontinuity, trace element and organic carbon variations, and distinct changes in sedimentary structures. Well-length sedimentological and stratigraphic changes may have unique implications for unconventional oil and gas development.
Phase III Study Comparing a Reduced Dose of Cabazitaxel (20 mg/m2) and the Currently Approved Dose (25 mg/m2) in Postdocetaxel Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer—PROSELICA
Authors: Eisenberger Mario , Hardy-Bessard Anne-Claire , Kim Choung Soo , Géczi Lajos , Ford Daniel , Mourey Loïc , Carles Joan , Parente Phillip , Font Albert , Kacso Gabriel , Chadjaa Mustapha , Zhang Wenping , Bernard John , de Bono Johann
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Cabazitaxel 25 mg/m2 (C25) significantly improved overall survival (OS) versus mitoxantrone ( P < .001) in postdocetaxel patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in the phase III TROPIC study. The phase III PROSELICA study ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01308580) assessed the noninferiority of cabazitaxel 20 mg/m2 (C20) versus C25 in postdocetaxel patients with mCRPC.

Methods

Patients were stratified by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, measurability of disease per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), and region, and randomly assigned to receive C20 or C25. To claim noninferiority of C20 (maintenance of ≥ 50% of the OS benefit of C25 v mitoxantrone in TROPIC) with 95% confidence level, the upper boundary of the CI of the hazard ratio (HR) for C20 versus C25 could not exceed 1.214 under a one-sided 98.89% CI after interim analyses. Secondary end points included progression-free survival, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), tumor and pain responses and progression, health-related quality of life, and safety.

Results

Overall, 1,200 patients were randomly assigned (C20, n = 598; C25, n = 602). Baseline characteristics were similar in both arms. Median OS was 13.4 months for C20 and 14.5 months for C25 (HR, 1.024). The upper boundary of the HR CI was 1.184 (less than the 1.214 noninferiority margin). Significant differences were observed in favor of C25 for PSA response (C20, 29.5%; C25, 42.9%; nominal P < .001) and time to PSA progression (median: C20, 5.7 months; C25, 6.8 months; HR for C20 v C25, 1.195; 95% CI, 1.025 to 1.393). Health-related quality of life did not differ between cohorts. Rates of grade 3 or 4 treatment-emergent adverse events were 39.7% for C20 and 54.5% for C25.

Conclusion

The efficacy of cabazitaxel in postdocetaxel patients with mCRPC was confirmed. The noninferiority end point was met; C20 maintained ≥ 50% of the OS benefit of C25 versus mitoxantrone in TROPIC. Secondary efficacy end points favored C25. Fewer adverse events were observed with C20.
Black Radical Possibility and the Decolonial International
Authors: Márquez John D. , Rana Junaid
Published: August 2017

Recent mobilizations against police terror in cities across the United States can be described as expected and unexpected. They are expected by those conscious of the genealogy of racial/colonial violence. In this sense, radical resistance is always already logical. Those same movements can be perceived as rather unexpected considering recent pessimistic assessments of black politics within the current neoliberal (or postcolonial) conjuncture. Scholars writing about the appropriation of black politics following the civil rights and Black Power struggles, for example, have been careful of how belated inclusion and the hypervisibility of black success stories are components of a discursive maneuver, an effort to help quarantine or deter a more critical dissent within black and other communities of color via rhetorics of reform and progress. Thus the advent of an insurgent critical dissent in cities across the United States and beyond (London and Paris, for example) represents a moment to reassess these critiques and to map out how recent expressions of “black rage” fit within what has been popularly referred to as a black radical tradition.
North American Necropolitics and Gender: On #BlackLivesMatter and Black Femicide
Authors: Threadcraft Shatema
Published: August 2017

Achille Mbembe coined the term necropolitics as a corrective to Michel Foucault's concept of biopolitics to account for “those figures of sovereignty whose central project is … the material destruction of human bodies and populations” most evident on the plantation and in the colony. Melissa Wright has added that the politics of gender is central to the politics of death. She highlights state officials' efforts to assign meaning to the bodies of the slain as critical to the successful operation of necropower and argues that activists can contest attempts to mark the dead as subjects deserving of death. Mbembe's and Wright's delineation of necropolitics illuminates much about contemporary US racial politics. This article examines how black activists and others challenge official efforts to assign meaning to the bodies of the slain. It also examines the difficulties feminist activists confront in their attempts to decenter the cis-male body in recent necropolitical struggles. In a context in which spectacular violent deaths have been crucial in moving black death from the margins to the center of political debate, black feminists must reckon with the fact that, because of significant differences between homicide and femicide, black women suffer from a spectacular violent death deficit. What can drive concern toward these more private deaths?
Differential expression of sirtuin 2 and adipocyte maturation restriction: an adaptation process during hypoxia in fish
Authors: Padmini Ekambaram , Parimala Parasuraman
Published: August 2017

Sirtuins have received wide spread attention due to their diverse physiological role in metabolism. Among sirtuins, SIRT2 is more abundant in adipocytes; exerts effect on adipocyte differentiation, a process involves conversion of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes orchestrated by adipokines and adipogenic transcription factors. Grey mullets (Scientific name: Mugil cephalus) were chosen as study organism due to its excellent serve as a biomonitor. Adipocytes isolated from natural field condition were termed as field hypoxic (Ennore) and normoxic (Kovalam) based on DO level in the estuary. Previous study portrayed the hypoxic instance of Ennore estuary (low DO) and grey mullet (HIF1α in adipocytes, brain EC and hepatocytes) inhabiting this estuary. In this context, fish adipocytes of both conditions were subjected to in vitro hypoxia for 1h (in the pre/trigassed incubator with the supply of 1% O2; 94% N2; 5% CO2) and analyzed the expression of adipokines, adipogenic transcription factors and anti-adipogenic markers in fish adipocytes. Elevation of ADMA, TNFα and leptin along with decreased adiponectin, adipogenic transcription factors and altering sirtuins were observed in test adipocytes and in control adipocytes on in vitro hypoxia. It suggests that adipocytes may follow internal caloric restriction as portrayed from cytomorphological/ultrastructural analysis, limiting adipocyte maturation process, one of the adaptive mechanisms triggered by adipocyte of fish surviving in Ennore estuary. Prolonged exposure to hypoxia (test on in vitro hypoxia for 1h) showed a drastic alteration in these components leading to both structural and biological fluctuation when compared to limited hypoxic condition (field hypoxic and control on in vitro hypoxia). Our study concludes that hypoxia may serve as the chief molecular cue in eliciting adipocyte maturation restriction though metabolic reprogramming and it also emerges the significance of adipocyte maturation restriction in imparting survival mechanism.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms coordinating pancreas development
Authors: Bastidas-Ponce Aimée , Scheibner Katharina , Lickert Heiko , Bakhti Mostafa
Published: August 2017

The pancreas is an endoderm-derived glandular organ that participates in the regulation of systemic glucose metabolism and food digestion through the function of its endocrine and exocrine compartments, respectively. While intensive research has explored the signaling pathways and transcriptional programs that govern pancreas development, much remains to be discovered regarding the cellular processes that orchestrate pancreas morphogenesis. Here, we discuss the developmental mechanisms and principles that are known to underlie pancreas development, from induction and lineage formation to morphogenesis and organogenesis. Elucidating such principles will help to identify novel candidate disease genes and unravel the pathogenesis of pancreas-related diseases, such as diabetes, pancreatitis and cancer.
Transgelin-expressing myofibroblasts orchestrate ventral midline closure through TGFβ signalling
Authors: Aldeiri Bashar , Roostalu Urmas , Albertini Alessandra , Wong Jason , Morabito Antonino , Cossu Giulio
Published: August 2017

Ventral body wall (VBW) defects are among the most common congenital malformations, yet their embryonic origin and underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly characterised. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signalling is essential for VBW closure, but the responding cells are not known. Here, we identify in mouse a population of migratory myofibroblasts at the leading edge of the closing VBW that express the actin-binding protein transgelin (TAGLN) and TGFβ receptor (TGFβR). These cells respond to a temporally regulated TGFβ2 gradient originating from the epithelium of the primary body wall. Targeted elimination of TGFβR2 in TAGLN+ cells impairs midline closure and prevents the correct subsequent patterning of the musculature and skeletal components. Remarkably, deletion of Tgfbr2 in myogenic or chondrogenic progenitor cells does not manifest in midline defects. Our results indicate a pivotal significance of VBW myofibroblasts in orchestrating ventral midline closure by mediating the response to the TGFβ gradient. Altogether, our data enable us to distinguish highly regulated epithelial-mesenchymal signalling and successive cellular migration events in VBW closure that explain early morphological changes underlying the development of congenital VBW defects.
Cytoplasmic poly (A) binding protein (PABPC2) critically regulates epidermal maintenance and turnover in planarian Schmidtea mediterranea
Authors: Bansal Dhiru , Kulkarni Jahnavi , Nadahalli Kavana , Lakshmanan Vairavan , Krishna Srikar , Sasidharan Vidyanand , Geo Jini , Dilipkumar Shilpa , Pasricha Renu , Gulyani Akash , Raghavan Srikala , Palakodeti Dasaradhi
Published: August 2017

Identifying key cellular events that facilitate stem cell function and tissue organization is critical for understanding the process of regeneration. Planarians are powerful model system to study regeneration and stem cell (neoblast) function. Here, using planaria, we show that the initial events of regeneration, such as epithelialization and epidermal organization are critically regulated by a novel cytoplasmic Poly A binding protein, SMED-PABPC2. Knockdown (KD) of Smed-pabpc2 leads to defects in epidermal lineage specification, disorganization of epidermis and ECM, and deregulated wound healing resulting in the selective failure of neoblast proliferation near the wound region. Polysome profiling suggested epidermal lineage transcripts, including zfp-1, to be translationally regulated by SMED-PABPC2. Together, our results uncover a novel role of SMED-PABPC2 in the maintenance of epidermal and ECM integrity, critical for wound healing, and subsequent processes for regeneration.
Fgf10+ progenitors give rise to the chick hypothalamus by rostral and caudal growth and differentiation
Authors: Fu Travis , Towers Matthew , Placzek Marysia
Published: August 2017

Classical descriptions of the hypothalamus divide it into three rostro-caudal domains but little is known about their embryonic origins. To investigate this we performed targeted fate-mapping, molecular characterisation and cell cycle analyses in the embryonic chick. Presumptive hypothalamic cells derive from the rostral diencephalic ventral midline, lie above the prechordal mesendoderm and express Fgf10. Fgf10+ progenitors undergo anisotropic growth: those displaced rostrally differentiate into anterior cells, then those displaced caudally differentiate into mammillary cells. A stable population of Fgf10+ progenitors is retained within the tuberal domain, a subset of these give rise to the tuberal infundibulum, the precursor of the posterior pituitary. Pharmacological approaches reveal that Shh signalling promotes the growth and differentiation of anterior progenitors and also orchestrates the development of the infundibulum and Rathke's pouch, the precursor of the anterior pituitary. Together our studies identify a hypothalamic progenitor population defined by Fgf10 and highlight a role for Shh signalling in the integrated development of the hypothalamus and pituitary.
Pitx1 directly modulates the core limb development program to implement hindlimb identity
Authors: Nemec Stephen , Luxey Maëva , Jain Deepak , Huang Sung Aurélie , Pastinen Tomi , Drouin Jacques
Published: August 2017

Forelimbs (FLs) and hindlimbs (HLs) develop complex musculoskeletal structures that rely on the deployment of a conserved developmental program. Pitx1, a transcription factor gene with expression restricted to HL and absent from FL, plays an important role in generating HL features. The genomic mechanisms by which Pitx1 effects HL identity remain poorly understood. Here, we use expression profiling and analysis of direct Pitx1 targets to characterize the HL- and FL-restricted genetic programs in mouse and situate the Pitx1-dependent gene network within the context of limb-specific gene regulation. We show that Pitx1 is a crucial component of a narrow network of HL-restricted regulators, acting on a developmental program that is shared between FL and HL. Pitx1 targets sites that are in a similar chromatin state in FL and HL and controls expression of patterning genes as well as the chondrogenic program, consistent with impaired chondrogenesis in Pitx1−/− HL. These findings support a model in which multifactorial actions of a limited number of HL regulators redirect the generic limb development program in order to generate the unique structural features of the limb.
Live fate-mapping of joint-associated fibroblasts visualizes expansion of cell contributions during zebrafish fin regeneration
Authors: Tornini Valerie A. , Thompson John D. , Allen Raymond L. , Poss Kenneth D.
Published: August 2017

The blastema is a mass of progenitor cells responsible for regeneration of amputated salamander limbs and fish fins. Previous studies have indicated that resident cell sources producing the blastema contribute lineage-restricted progeny to regenerating tissue. However, these studies have labeled general cell types rather than granular cell subpopulations, and they do not explain the developmental transitions that must occur for distal structures to arise from cells with proximal identities in the appendage stump. Here, we find that regulatory sequences of tph1b, which encodes an enzyme that synthesizes serotonin, mark a subpopulation of fibroblast-like cells restricted to the joints of uninjured adult zebrafish fins. Amputation stimulates serotonin production in regenerating fin fibroblasts, yet targeted tph1b mutations abrogating this response do not disrupt fin regeneration. In uninjured animals, tph1b-expressing cells contribute fibroblast progeny that remain restricted to joints throughout life. By contrast, upon amputation, tph1b+ joint cells give rise to fibroblasts that distribute across the entire lengths of regenerating fin rays. Our experiments visualize and quantify how incorporation into an appendage blastema broadens the progeny contributions of a cellular subpopulation that normally has proximodistal restrictions.
The armadillo protein p0071 controls KIF3 motor transport
Authors: Becher Alexander , Eiseler Tim , Porzner Marc , Walther Paul , Keil René , Bobrovich Susanne , Hatzfeld Mechthild , Seufferlein Thomas
Published: August 2017

We here report a novel function of the armadillo protein p0071 (also known as PKP4) during transport mediated by the KIF3 transport complex. Secretion of chromogranin A and matrix metallopeptidase 9 from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cells or pancreatic cancer cells, respectively, was substantially reduced following knockdown of p0071. Vesicle tracking indicated that there was impaired directional persistence of vesicle movement upon p0071 depletion. This suggests a disturbed balance between plus- and minus-end directed microtubule transport in cells lacking p0071. p0071 directly interacts with the KIF3 motor subunit KIF3B. Our data indicate that p0071 also interacts with the kinesin cargo adaptor protein KAP3 (also known as KIFAP3) acting as a stabilizing linker between KIF3B and its KAP3 cargo-binding entity. Thus, p0071 is required for directional vesicle movement and secretion of different KIF3-transported carriers, thereby regulating the transport of intracellular membrane vesicles along microtubules.
Sub-mitochondrial localization of the genetic-tagged mitochondrial intermembrane space-bridging components Mic19, Mic60 and Sam50
Authors: Sastri Mira , Darshi Manjula , Mackey Mason , Ramachandra Ranjan , Ju Saeyeon , Phan Sebastien , Adams Stephen , Stein Kathryn , Douglas Christopher R. , Kim Jiwan John , Ellisman Mark H. , Taylor Susan S. , Perkins Guy A.
Published: August 2017

Each mitochondrial compartment contains varying protein compositions that underlie a diversity of localized functions. Insights into the localization of mitochondrial intermembrane space-bridging (MIB) components will have an impact on our understanding of mitochondrial architecture, dynamics and function. By using the novel visualizable genetic tags miniSOG and APEX2 in cultured mouse cardiac and human astrocyte cell lines and performing electron tomography, we have mapped at nanoscale resolution three key MIB components, Mic19, Mic60 and Sam50 (also known as CHCHD3, IMMT and SAMM50, respectively), in the environment of structural landmarks such as cristae and crista junctions (CJs). Tagged Mic19 and Mic60 were located at CJs, distributed in a network pattern along the mitochondrial periphery and also enriched inside cristae. We discovered an association of Mic19 with cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV. It was also found that tagged Sam50 is not uniformly distributed in the outer mitochondrial membrane and appears to incompletely overlap with Mic19- or Mic60-positive domains, most notably at the CJs.
Emerging functions of the Fanconi anemia pathway at a glance
Authors: Sumpter Rhea , Levine Beth
Published: August 2017

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare disease, in which homozygous or compound heterozygous inactivating mutations in any of 21 genes lead to genomic instability, early-onset bone marrow failure and increased cancer risk. The FA pathway is essential for DNA damage response (DDR) to DNA interstrand crosslinks. However, proteins of the FA pathway have additional cytoprotective functions that may be independent of DDR. We have shown that many FA proteins participate in the selective autophagy pathway that is required for the destruction of unwanted intracellular constituents. In this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we briefly review the role of the FA pathway in DDR and recent findings that link proteins of the FA pathway to selective autophagy of viruses and mitochondria. Finally, we discuss how perturbations in FA protein-mediated selective autophagy may contribute to inflammatory as well as genotoxic stress.
A novel, bounding gait in swimming turtles: implications for aquatic locomotor diversity
Authors: Mayerl Christopher J. , Blob Richard W.
Published: August 2017

Turtles are an iconic lineage in studies of animal locomotion, typifying the use of slow, alternating footfalls during walking. Alternating movements of contralateral limbs are also typical during swimming gaits for most freshwater turtles. Here, we report a novel gait in turtles, in which the pleurodire Emydura subglobosa swims using a bounding gait that coordinates bilateral protraction of both forelimbs with bilateral retraction of both hindlimbs. Use of this bounding gait is correlated with increased limb excursion and decreased stride frequency, but not increased velocity when compared to standard swimming strokes. Bounding by E. subglobosa provides a second example of a non-mammalian lineage that can use bounding gaits, and may give insight into the evolution of aquatic flapping. Parallels in limb muscle fascicle properties between bounding turtles and crocodylids suggest a possible musculoskeletal mechanism underlying the use of bounding gaits in particular lineages.
Insights into substrate promiscuity of human seryl-tRNA synthetase
Authors: Holman Kaitlyn M. , Puppala Anupama K. , Lee Jonathan W. , Lee Hyun , Simonović Miljan
Published: August 2017

Seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS) attaches L-serine to the cognate serine tRNA (tRNASer) and the noncognate selenocysteine tRNA (tRNASec). The latter activity initiates the anabolic cycle of selenocysteine (Sec), proper decoding of an in-frame Sec UGA codon, and synthesis of selenoproteins across all domains of life. While the accuracy of SerRS is important for overall proteome integrity, it is its substrate promiscuity that is vital for the integrity of the selenoproteome. This raises a question as to what elements in the two tRNA species, harboring different anticodon sequences and adopting distinct folds, facilitate aminoacylation by a common aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. We sought to answer this question by analyzing the ability of human cytosolic SerRS to bind and act on tRNASer, tRNASec, and 10 mutant and chimeric constructs in which elements of tRNASer were transposed onto tRNASec. We show that human SerRS only subtly prefers tRNASer to tRNASec, and that discrimination occurs at the level of the serylation reaction. Surprisingly, the tRNA mutants predicted to adopt either the 7/5 or 8/5 fold are poor SerRS substrates. In contrast, shortening of the acceptor arm of tRNASec by a single base pair yields an improved SerRS substrate that adopts an 8/4 fold. We suggest that an optimal tertiary arrangement of structural elements within tRNASec and tRNASer dictate their utility for serylation. We also speculate that the extended acceptor-TΨC arm of tRNASec evolved as a compromise for productive binding to SerRS while remaining the major recognition element for other enzymes involved in Sec and selenoprotein synthesis.
A novel data storage logic in the cloud
Authors: Mátyás Bence , Bautista Gabriela , Szarka Máté , Járvás Gábor , Kusper Gábor , Argay István , Fialowski Alice , Mátyás György
Published: August 2017

Databases which store and manage long-term scientific information related to life science are used to store huge amount of quantitative attributes. Introduction of a new entity attribute requires modification of the existing data tables and the programs that use these data tables. A feasible solution is increasing the virtual data tables while the number of screens remains the same. The main objective of the present study was to introduce a logic called Joker Tao (JT) which provides universal data storage for cloud-based databases. It means all types of input data can be interpreted as an entity and attribute at the same time, in the same data table.
FEATURES OF CHANGE OF GRANULOMETRIC COMPOSITION OF CHALK-MARLY MAN-MADE SUBSTRATES IN THE AREA OF KURSK MAGNETIC ANOMALY
Authors: Деденко  , Dedenko Tat'yana
Published: August 2017

As a result of mining of minerals by open method, formation of technogenic broken lands takes place. In the sediments of iron ore mines of Kursk magnetic anomaly (KMA), about 60-80 % of overburden rocks are sands and chalk. These rocks during mining and stripping operations is transported and stacked in piles. Chalk and chalk-marly rocks of KMA are extremely unfavorable on water-physical and agrochemical properties for growing woody and shrub vegetation. One of the ways to increase forest potential of edaphotopic layer of chalk and chalk-marly piles is formation of technogenic substrates by applying and blending chalk-marl with a variety of more fertile reclamation layers of varying thickness. Granulometric composition of technogenic substrates is an important genetic and isotopologues characteristic of habitat conditions of plants. The object of the study was reclaimed in 1974, chalk-marl phosphorite Schigrovsky mine, Kursk region. Particle size distribution was determined by pipette method by Kaczynski. Positive changes of granulometric composition of technogenic substrates on reclaimed area at the time of establishment and after 40 years of growth on them of forest plantations are shown. Application of drainage layer from 10 to 50 cm promotes the formation of lighter granulometric composition of technogenic soil. Over the 40 year period in the embodiments, when applying a layer of sandy deposits, technogenic substrate is transferred from the category of light clay to sandy loam, clay loam layer from the category of light clay to medium loam, and when applying the layer of humus soil in medium loam and sandy loam.
THE IMPACT OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY ON THE STANDARD REQUIREMENTS TO THE QUALITY OF CHIPBOARDS
Authors: Кантиева  , Kantieva Ekaterina , Пономаренко  , Ponomarenko Larisa , Черняев  , Chernyaev Artem
Published: August 2017

The concept of quality in the minds of Soviet and Russian people is inextricably linked with the concept of GOST. Requirements, imposed by the standard to quality of production, does not remain constant, but change in accordance with the level of development of science, technology and best practices. The article considers dynamics of changes of requirements of GOST 10632 "Chipboards. Technical conditions" to the quality of chipboards in the last 40 years. The author analyzes the wording of this standard, approved in 1977, 1989, 2007 and 2014. For specified period of time the labeling of the plates P-A and P-B to P1, P2 has changed, which is related to the harmonization with foreign standards. In the last edition of the GOST 2014 plates have no restrictions on size, so as to replace presses periodic action, which have specific dimensions of the heating plates of the press, presses of continuous extrusion come. The same situation is with the densities of boards, the manufacturer sets its value, but the strength of the plates shall conform to the requirements of the standard. Although, strength characteristics (ultimate strength in tension perpendicular to the plate and the ultimate strength in static bending) are reduced with each new edition of GOST. Tightening of the requirements has occurred to the sanitary and hygienic indicators of chipboards. The content of free formaldehyde has decreased from 10 to 4 mg per 100 g of absolutely dry plate. To obtain competitive boards of E0 emission class Russian chemical industry needs to develop a large amount of resins with low content of free formaldehyde.
INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL INSULATION CAPACITY OF TREE BARK
Authors: Пастори  , Pastori Zoltan , Мохачине  , Mohachine Il'diko , Горбачева  , Gorbacheva Galina , Санаев  , Sanaev Viktor
Published: August 2017

The problem of industrial use of tree bark is relevant and has practical importance for complex processing of wood raw material. Barks are available in Hungary and Russia in large quantities, but they are not widely used for different purposes than producing energy. One of the perspective areas of utilization of tree bark is its use as raw material for the production of thermal insulation panels. The present study focuses on the thermal insulation capacity of tree bark. Thermal conductivity properties of two broadleaved (black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), pannónia poplar (Populus euramericana cv. Pannónia)) and three coniferous (larch (Larix decidua), spruce (Picea abies) and scots pine (Pinus silvestris)) tree species were examined. Based on these results, the scopes of the tested species were further narrowed, while the best results showing black locust was used for pressed insulation panel. Three different fractions were produced made of grained black locust bark. Furthermore, the heat insulation capacities of bark were investigated by compressing the chipped bark particles until the lowest heat conductivity was reached. Results show a competitive thermal insulation property to the traditionally used insulation materials, the value was 0.0613 W/mK reached by black locust bark chips. The broadleaved tree bark chips have a lower thermal conductivity than coniferous species. By using fine, mid, and coarse fraction of black locust bark were produced and the difference of thermal conductivity between them was negligible. Although the fine fractionated black locust bark chip thermal conductivity was 0.042 W/mK.