bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study on the Anti-Diabetic Activity of Ficus racemosa Linn. Leaves (Moraceae) and Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Leaves (Ebenaceae)
Authors: M Khardiya , G Jeyabalan
Published: December 2024

Diabetes mellitus, the most common long-term metabolic disease, is characterized by abnormalities in either insulin action or secretion, or both. A serious public health issue is the substantial morbidity and death of late-diabetic complications. The World Health Organisation (WHO) states that the lack of ability of current modern therapies to control all pathological aspects of diabetes mellitus, their high cost, and their limited availability for many rural populations in developing countries make alternative strategies urgently needed. Measured as a metabolic regulator of insulin activity was glucose. Diabetic individuals are known to have impaired glucose homeostasis and elevated plasma glucose. The current study found that when Diospyros melanoxylon leaves (DML) and Ficus racemose leaves (FRL) extracts were given to diabetic rats, the levels of GlyHb and plasma glucose were recovered, and insulin, C-peptide, and Hb parameters were elevated. Diabetic rats also had reduced levels of insulin, C-peptide, and Hb when compared to normal control rats. An important observation of antidiabetic efficacy was made for the DML and FRL extracts. On the last day, diabetic control was significantly different from both normal control and other drug-treated groups (DRL and FRL). The groups' differences on the first day were significant at the 0.05 level. The current investigation showed that the direct destruction of ß-cells by streptozotocin caused diabetes. The diabetic pancreas with streptozotocin ultra-structure revealed significantly fewer islets langerhans and deficient islets. There was pancreatic islet regeneration in the diabetic rats. The ability of DML and FRL variety extract to regenerate pancreatic cells through the exocrine cells of the pancreas may shed light on the beneficial effects of these agents on insulin production.
Development and Evaluation of Antifungal Drug Product by Solid Dispersion Technique using Drug Coating and Seal Coating Approach (Itraconazole Capsules 100 mg)
Authors: NK Shinde  . , DV Mane
Published: December 2024

A very important stage in developing and preserving the quality of any pharmaceutical drug product is validation. Drug product validation creates the written proof that offers a high level of certainty that a manufacturing process will reliably provide a product with predefined standards and quality features. Studying the process performance certification of the drug product Itraconazole Capsules 100 mg Immediate Release Capsule dosage form was the primary goal of my research. The research conducted here guarantees that the production process is appropriate for the intended use and that the final product continuously satisfies predefined requirements and quality standards. Sifting, dry mixing, wet granulation, drying, sizing, blending, lubrication, capsule filling, packing, and analysis of in-process tests and final product are only a few of the processes in the production process that are covered in depth. This study used developmental research to identify Critical Process Parameters (CPPs) that were involved in sifting, dry mixing, wet granulation, drying, sizing, blending, and capsule filling. The CPPs were then assessed during the process validation study. All of the critical quality attributes (also known as critical control parameters) were monitored during this process, including blend uniformity (BU), water content, blend physical characteristics, capsule physical parameters, description, water content (final product), dissolution, dosage unit uniformity, assay, degradation products, and microbiological examination. Following discussion and analysis of the analytical data, it may be said that this manufacturing process can reliably produce a product that satisfies its predefined specifications and quality features. As a result, the medicinal product's manufacturing method has been verified and is suitable for regular production of 100 mg Itraconazole Capsules.
Formulation and Evaluation of Tylophora indica Extract Loaded Topical Herbal Microgel for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: P Palanisamy , M Phagalavan , K Manojkumar , RKKVV Satyanarayana , N Teja
Published: December 2024

This paper focuses on the phytoconstituents contained in herbal plant extracts and presents them in the form of a herbal microgel with an aim to target rheumatoid arthritis. The study starts from the collection, followed by authentication of the selected medicinal plant, extraction through solvents of the whole plant, and simultaneous phytochemical analysis performed with morphological characterization of the selected extract. The consequent phase forms a specialized gel formulation employing synthetic polymers. The prepared herbal microgel is put through comprehensive evaluation that would include the study of short-term stability as per ICH guidelines No: Q1A. This research offers a promising approach towards an effective and natural remedy for rheumatoid arthritis.
RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation of Genotoxic Impurity 1-Acetyl-2-imidazolidinone content in Tizanidine Hydrochloride
Authors: S Dass , C Somaiya  . , C Dholakia , V Kaneriya
Published: December 2024

Tizanidine hydrochloride is widely used as a muscle relaxant as 2-6 mg tablet formulation which content 1-Acetyl-2-imidazolidinone as a genotoxic impurity. In this study, an RP-HPLC method was successfully developed and validated in accordance with regulatory requirements for determining 1-Acetyl-2-imidazolidinone in Tizanidine hydrochloride formulation. The sample preparation method is easy and free of toxic solvents. 215 nm observed as λmaxin scanning. The developed method is strictly linear in the range of 1.04-0.16μg/ml. The method was highly précised and robust. The proposed RP-HPLC method is suitable for both the qualitative and quantitative analysis of 1-Acetyl-2-imidazolidinone in Tizanidine hydrochloride formulations.
Formulation and Standardization of Essential Phytochemicals from Calotropis gigantean Oil by Conventional Hydro Distillation Method
Authors: NK Kale , SG Walode , VV Chopade
Published: December 2024

In Ayurveda, herbal remedies are an essential component of treatment. Correct botanical identification becomes the most important requirement for their appropriate clinical use. Over 80% of people worldwide rely on traditional medicine for their primary medical treatment, according to the WHO. 'Herbal medicines' are safer than expensive synthetic treatments, which is the fundamental reason for the rising interest in plant-derived medications. Various plant varieties are described in ancient classical literature according to their flower colors, sizes, and shapes. A plant (family: Asclapiadacea) is shrub has long been used to cure a variety of illnesses, including as hepatic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory conditions. The pharmacological potential has not yet been thoroughly investigated. The plant's leaf has not been studied for its anti-paralysis properties, according to a critical analysis. The goal of the current study is to screen for phytochemicals and prepare herbal oil for formulation and standardization of essential phytochemical of calotropis gigantean oil by conventional hydro distillation method, which is a somewhat difficult process that calls for extra caution with regard to ingredient proportions, heating methods, and temperature. Additional chromatographic estimation was performed on the Calotropis gigantean Oil formulation and it has set the standard as novel formulas for the treatment of paralysis diseases.
Enhanced Detection and Quantification of Impurities in Erythromycin Tablets Using RP-HPLC
Authors: GT Jyotheshkumar , BSA Andrews , VDNK Abbaraju , PS Reddy , K Nagu
Published: December 2024

In this present work very simple, highly rapid, highly accurate as well as more precise gradient RP-HPLC process is developed also validated to separate foreign substances (IMP) present in Erythromycin (ERT-A) tablets pharma dosage form. Chromatographic disengagement is drifting out on WatersX-Terra RP 18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm I.D., 3.5 μm particle size) at 65°C is recycled to this separation. Mobile Phase-A consists of Buffer solution which is prepared by taking 35.0000g of di-potassium hydrogen phosphate in 1000.00mL of triple distilled water. pH is noted at 7.0 by using dilute O-phosphoric acid, purified over 0.45 μm membrane filter) acetonitrile as well as water in ratio of 5v: 35v:60v Phosphate buffer pH 7.0, water and acetonitrile in ratio of 5v:45v:50v is used as mobile Phase-B. The rate of flow and injection volume was 1.00mL/min and 100.00μL respectively. Analysis is lugged out beneath gradient circumstances includes time in min./A (v/v): B(v/v); T0/100:00, T45/100:00, T47/0:100, T63/0:100, T65/100:00, and T70/100:00. 215 nm is the wavelength. The ERT-A degrades under different circumstances. Total degradation substances are well resolved by observed peaks from ERT. This process is observed as linear. The cumulative %RSD values are identified, found that they are within the range. By utilizing this analysis revealed that this process is more accurate, highly specific, more selective, highly precise, robust, and also useful in development of process as well as quality check in flawless dosage form manufacture.
Stem cell treatment for dry AMD
Authors: Narasimhaiah Swathi , Prabhu Rashmi , Battu Rajani
Published: December 2024

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide, affecting a significant proportion of the aging population. While wet AMD can be treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections, there is very little that can be offered to patients with dry AMD. This paper provides a review of AMD pathogenesis, current treatment methods for dry AMD, and the potential of cell-based therapies, particularly in the context of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) replacement. AMD pathogenesis involves the formation of drusen impacting the health of the RPE. Aging, smoking, and genetic factors contribute to RPE dysfunction, leading to the progression of AMD. Newer therapies for dry AMD, including pegcetacoplan and avacincaptad pegol, mainly focus on reducing ongoing inflammation and addressing issues with complement regulation. This review discusses the emerging field of RPE replacement therapies, emphasizing the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells. Clinical trials involving RPE replacement therapy are discussed, showcasing ongoing efforts to develop effective treatments for dry AMD. While challenges, including immune rejection and integration issues, have to be solved, the potential benefits of RPE transplantation, either as cell suspensions or patches, remain significant. In conclusion, this paper highlights the promising prospects and challenges related to stem cell science in treating dry AMD, potentially marking a significant breakthrough in managing a previously untreatable disease.
Recognizing Synrift and Postrift Structures on Rock Exposures in The Tanjung Aur II Region, South Bengkulu, Indonesia
Authors: Rio Hanzra Adjie Pamungkas  , Edy Sutriyono
Published: December 2024

Field observation has been carried out recently in the Tanjung Aur II region, South Bengkulu in order to recognize the structural configuration of rock sequences, employing two fundamental approaches such as the analysis of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and the surface mapping, particularly on geological structures. The DEM analysis reveals two general patterns of the NE-SW and NW-SE lineaments. The NE-SW trend appears consistent with the structural features resulted from the WNW-directed rifting event, whereas the NW-SE orientation seems coincident with the general strike of the Bengkulu Basin. The field mapping has recognized five types of brittle structures and two ductile deformations. The outcropping brittle deformation includes the Tanjung Aur II-A listric extensional fault, Tanjung Aur II-B listric extensional fault, Tanjung Aur II-C domino extensional fault, and Tanjung Aur II-D listric extensional fault that all strike to NE-SW, and the Air Selali compressional fault which trends to NW-SE. The recognized ductile structures are those of the Air Kenidian Anticline and Syncline, which have a general trend to NW-SE. Importantly, the encountered structures suggest two distinct episodes of tectonic events, transtension and transpression. The transtensional regime associated with the WNW extension of rifting. The synrift event commenced in Paleogene or Paleocene-Eocene time, and proceeded up to Neogene. Hence, the sedimentary influx within the basin had likely been accommodated by the occurring tectonic deformation which resulted in the synrift listric extensional faults. The transpressional regime in the study area led to ductile deformation responsible for thrusting and folding of sedimentary sequences. This post-rifting episode perhaps associated with the onset of Barisan orogeny that allowed inversion of sedimentary basin in Late Neogene or Plio-Pleistocene time. Herein, this tectonic episode is considered as the last event that caused the rock successions to be uplifted and the generated structures in rock units to be exposed at the surface due mainly to denudation and erosion.
Review Of Stockpile Management To Reduce The Risk Of Coal Self-Heating, Which Can Cause Spontaneous Combustion
Authors: Edy Nursanto  , Rahimatul Fadhilah  , Nurkhamim
Published: December 2024

One of the energy requirements for fuel is in the form of solid hydrocarbons and as basic materials or feedstocks. Coal is formed from deposits of organic plant compounds that grow in an oxygen-free environment and are influenced by temperature and pressure for a long time.
Based on the coal formation process, coal from the highest to the lowest level is anthracite, bituminous, sub-bituminous, and lignite. Low-grade coal has a faster oxidation rate than high-grade coal because it contains inherent moisture, oxygen, and carbon in large quantities, has high porosity, and causes an increase in activation energy resulting in evaporation and a continuous increase in temperature causing spontaneous combustion.
Monitoring and control of coal, especially in the stockpile area as a temporary storage place, is carried out to prevent oxidation and self-burning, namely by arranging the piling pattern and applying demolition principles by taking into account the length of the pile, forming the design of the stockpile base surface, calculating the volume, height, side slope, and distance between piles, as well as taking into account wind speed and direction, which greatly influence particle size, porosity, and the rise in temperature of the coal during self-heating.
Efforts to handle self-heating in coal can be made by creating drainage in the stockpile area, reducing the height, and forming a slope angle of 15–30° to facilitate compaction of the coal pile so that it can be stored for a long time, as well as minimizing losses from spontaneous combustion and early self-heating detection for safe coal storage.
Impact on Extreme Rainfall and Flood Events during Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation (BSISO) in Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Qalbi Harisa Bilhaqqi , Abdullah Faisal , Ismail Nazli
Published: December 2024

The Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation (BSISO) is intraseasonal climate variability in addition to the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) that affects weather and climate in the Indo-Pacific region including the Province of Aceh. The impact of BSISO on extreme rainfall and flooding in Aceh needs to be investigated to enhance preparedness, mitigation, and adaptation strategies against its negative impacts. The datasets use in situ daily rainfall data from 5 BMKG stations in Aceh and the BSISO indices (BSISO1 and BSISO2) during the extended boreal summer (May–October) period 2001–2020, as well as flood event data in Aceh from 2008–2020. The results of this study show that rainfall in Aceh province is influenced by BSISO variability and has the potential to increase extreme rainfall and even cause flooding in some areas in Aceh, depending on the propagation path of BSISO. The frequency of extreme rainfall in Aceh during BSISO is identified using daily rainfall beyond the 95th percentile in each BSISO phase, which increases the probability of extreme rainfall in Aceh by around 20–100% during phases 1-3 in both BSISO1 and BSISO2. During BSISO1, the probability of flooding in phases 1-3 increased by up to 90%, and BSISO2 also increased the probability of flooding in phases 1-4 by up to 72%.
The Needs of Public Health Mitigation as The Impact of Earthquake Disasters in North Sulawesi Region, Indonesia
Authors: Lamonge Annastasia S. Lamonge , Polii Grace B , Laka Angela A. M. L , Simanjuntak Andrean V. H. , Tangkulung Glatio G , Timbuleng Jesicca V. D , Anggriani Theresia , Lewi Ristiyono
Published: December 2024

North Sulawesi is located on a megathrust system and is very vulnerable to destructive earthquake events. Therefore, disaster mitigation from a health perspective must be carried out. Good knowledge will shape a positive attitude as a response that will determine actions in providing effective and optimal health services during a disaster. However, so far, the level of knowledge, attitudes, and actions of doctors in community health centers in North Sulawesi in facing disasters has never been evaluated, so the readiness of doctors in community health centers in facing disasters is still not well understood. One of the effects after a disaster is kidney failure (CKD) due to the lack of fluids needed by the body, making it one of the unavoidable effects of a disaster. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is one of the diseases whose number and prevalence are significant both globally, nationally, and locally in North Sulawesi. The purpose of this research is to: 1) explore the perceptions and experiences of the community regarding the risk factors for CKD, 2) develop and test the effectiveness of a disaster-based education program in increasing community knowledge about CKD prevention. The design used is a multistage mixed method. The research began with the collection of qualitative data through in-depth interviews, followed by the development of an educational program and the experimental testing of the educational program. This research was conducted in Kuwil Village, North Minahasa Regency. A total of 15 participants were involved in the interviews and 38 participants in the experimental phase. Qualitative data is analyzed thematically, while quantitative data is analyzed descriptively through comparison. The results of the qualitative analysis yielded 2 themes. The first theme is the disparity in public knowledge about CKD, and the second theme is the public's efficacy regarding the prevention and impact of CKD. The analysis results using the paired t-test obtained a p-value of 0.000, which means that the disaster-based education program is effective in increasing public knowledge about CKD and its prevention. Having sufficient knowledge and adequate sources of information can help the community in making healthy lifestyle choices, especially in preventing the occurrence of CKD. Disaster-based education programs can be one of the approaches that community health centers can take to improve public literacy regarding CKD prevention.
Spectral Analysis and Phytochemical Screening of Ganoderma lucidum Mushroom Extracts
Authors: Pascale Carolina , Sirbu Rodica , Busuricu Florica , Cadar Emin
Published: December 2024

Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom known by various names, the most popular being LingZhi or Reishi. Even today, this mushroom is used for its adjuvant effect in various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diseases of the immune system, and, above all, for its antioxidant effect in the treatment of cancer. It contains numerous bioactive components, but the most abundant are polysaccharides, triterpenes, and phenolic compounds, which confer biological activity against various acute and chronic diseases. In the present study, we aimed to carry out a general analysis of the composition of different crude extracts of G. lucidum using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer by reading the absorbance in a fixed range (200-900 nm). The results obtained were correlated with those reported in the literature. At the same time, a pharmacognostic study was carried out on the mushroom extracts, and the results were detailed. According to the results obtained, we can conclude that G. lucidum is a mushroom rich in bioactive compounds.
Subsidiarity in Environmental Issues: Nuances and Shifts
Authors: Riguera Florencio R.
Published: December 2024

Although subsidiarity is dipolar, preference has been for the lower pole at the early stages of its development as a principle in Quadragesimo Anno: the higher administrative unit should act only if the lower unit could not deal with the issue. But in a generation, Pacem in Terris posited a nuance that put the preference on the higher unit. The capabilities of higher units could supersede the rights of lower units because the on reserve aid from higher units leads to more effectivity. Then, applying integral ecology, Laudato Si put the preference on the higher pole when issues are environmental in character. This stems from an understanding of complex and interconnected mechanisms in the interaction between populations and the environment. Because Nature has predetermined ways of acting and reacting to events like those caused by populations, Nature relays the impact of actions, such as environmental backlash, to other locations, sections, or later generations; it can also slap back at the local agents of events. Thus, the default option should be for the higher units to act when it comes to researching the complex interconnections of actions at the ecological level. But this option can lead to gaming the deliberations on public policy with questions of uncertainty or risk because valid understanding is needed to guide actions or policies. Perspectives broader than the local in terms of understanding and of values to be shared are needed.
Clinical and Environmental Factors Associated with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Prisoners in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Filho Cesario Rui Callou , Mesquita Caroline Antero Machado , Vieira Ethel Esthephane Alves , Leite João Jayme Giffoni , Bandeira Carina Barbosa , Santos Flaviano da Silva , Saintrain Maria Vieira de Lima
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to assess clinical and environmental factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in prisoners. We carried out a documentary, retrospective, epidemiological study of records of tuberculosis cases in a prison hospital in Northeastern Brazil. The sample consisted of data from medical records of prisoners diagnosed with TB from January 2015 to January 2016. Information such as age, race, marital status, education level, weight, height, harmful habits, and clinical data on mucous membrane, cough, sputum, breathing pattern, bacilloscopy, initiation and type of treatment, treatment duration, prison of origin and time spent in prison were assessed. A total of 109 medical records of prisoners were analyzed. Mean age was 28.5 (± 7.9) years, and most prisoners (n=87; 79.8 percent ) were single. In all, 78.0 percent (n=85) of the prisoners had primary education and 73.4 percent (n=80) were self-declared Pardos (mixed-race Brazilians). Statistically significant associations were found between level of education and prevalence of cough (p=.042), time in prison and presence of cough (p=.014), and BMI and mucous membrane coloration (p=.001). The habits of most prisoners are different from those expected for a good quality of life. In addition, the health conditions of prisoners also contribute to the infection. These findings emphasize the need for actions targeted at eliminating tuberculosis in prisoners and actions to raise awareness about hygiene and life habits.
Strategi Pengembangan Agroindustri Pepaya di Kabupaten Boyolali
Authors: Indreswari Rysca , Paryanto Edi , Adi Raden Kunto , Dewanti Rizki Puspita , Ningsih Hardian , Yunindanova Mercy Bientri , Agustina Ana , Apriyanto Dwi
Published: December 2024

Papaya agribusiness in Boyolali Regency has yet to develop optimally, focusing primarily on production, while the agroindustry (processing) aspect remains underdeveloped. The aim of this research is to formulate a strategy for the development of the papaya agroindustry. This study employs a descriptive qualitative and quantitative approach using a case study method, with data collection techniques including document review, observation, interviews, and focus group discussions (FGD) involving stakeholders at the district level. The collected data were analyzed using SWOT analysis. The research findings indicate that an aggressive agroindustry development strategy is essential. This strategy is highly beneficial as it leverages the strengths and opportunities available to support business growth. Key strategies to be implemented include scaling up the papaya agroindustry, diversifying products, enhancing entrepreneurial mindset and skills, and conducting intensive marketing of quality products by utilizing stakeholder networks. Furthermore, collaboration with modern retailers such as Alfamart, Indomart, Mitra Supermarkets, and Luwes in the Solo Raya area, as well as with the Boyolali Regency Local Brand Forum (FBL), is crucial. Additionally, partnerships with papaya processing technology service providers, such as LPK, the Industry and Trade Service, the MSME and Cooperative Service, relevant Ministries, and Universities, are recommended to support the development of the sector.
Peningkatan Akses Informasi Teknologi Pemasaran UMKM Makanan Olahan Kota Singkawang
Authors: Sandini Sari , Nurliza Nurliza , Fitrianti Wanti
Published: December 2024

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a significant role in driving the wheels of the community's economy, serving as a foundation for generating income for their livelihoods. However, many actors in the food MSME sector still face challenges due to their low ability to access marketing technology information. The aim of this study is to formulate improvements in the access to marketing technology information for food MSMEs. This research employs a quantitative descriptive method with Multidimensional Scaling on 58 food MSMEs in Singkawang City. The results indicate that the key attributes for enhancing access to marketing technology information are the content of marketing technology messages and the channels of marketing technology information.
Pengaruh Adopsi Teknologi Budidaya Padi terhadap Produktivitas Padi di Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Irfansyah Muhammad , Wildayana Elisa , Yamin Muhammad
Published: December 2024

The implementation of cultivation paddy technology is important to be carried out on food crop commodities to support food availability in Indonesia. This study has purpose to analyze the adoption rate of rice cultivation technology and its productivity in rainfed and tidal land, and to analyze the comparison of rice farming productivity in rainfed and tidal land. This research is located in Lubuk Seberuk Village, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency for the typology of rainfed land and Upang Jaya Village, Banyuasin Regency for the typology of tidal land. The research method used in this study is a survey method and a sample drawing method using a stratified random sample with a total of 90 respondents. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. The results show that there is a significant difference between the productivity of the two typologies of rain-fed land and tidal land. The T-test analysis showed that there was a significant difference between productivity in rainfed land and tidal.
Russian fisheries: beginning of a new stage?
Authors: Makoedov A. N.
Published: December 2024

State of the fishing industry in Russia is reviewed and preconditions are considered for transition from the historical principle of sharing quotas for catch to the principle of investment quotas. Such transition effects for fishermen and the Russian fish industry as a whole are discussed.
Crystal-phase engineering of nanowires and platelets of KxIrO2 for efficient water oxidation
Authors: Quintin-Baxendale Rachael , Sokolikova Maria , Yemin Tao , Fisher Evan , Nagaraju Goli , Bai Haoyu , Murawski James , Guangmeimei Yang , Celorrio Veronica , Liang Caiwu , R Rao Reshama , Stephens Ifan , Mattevi Cecilia
Published: December 2024

Nanostructuring electrocatalysts based on precious metals can be an effective tool to increase the dispersion and hence increase the mass activity. Here, we demonstrate the crystal phase engineering of two different potassium iridates polymorphs. We develop a selective solid-state synthesis of either a 1-dimensional K0.25IrO2 nanowires with a hollandite crystal structure, or 2-dimensional KIrO2 hexagonal platelets. Both structures present increased specific and mass electrocatalytic activity for water oxidation reaction in acidic media compared to commercial rutile IrO2 of up to 40%, with the 1D nanowires outperforming the 2D platelets. XANES, EXAFS and XRD investigations prove the structural stability of these two different allotropes of K-IrO2 compounds upon electrocatalytic testing. These low dimensional nanostructured 1D and 2D KxIrO2 compounds with superior mass activity to commercial IrO2 can pave the way towards the design of new electrocatalysts architectures with reduced Ir loading content for Proton Exchange Membrane water electrolyser anodes
Sputum Quality Assessment as a Useful Tool for Distinguishing True Pathogensfrom Colonizing Flora
Authors: Johny Feba , Thomas S Kuruvilla
Published: December 2024

Background Sputum quality assessment is an important tool that aids in distinguishing true pathogens responsible for respiratory tract infections. This study was done to assess the quality of sputum samples by Bartlettrsquos grading system and use it as a tool to distinguish true pathogens from oropharyngeal colonizers.Methods This was an observational prospective study in which a total of 92 sputum samples from the adult patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital suspected with lower respiratory tract infections LRTIrsquos over a period of one year were analyzed. The quality of all samples was judged using the Bartlettrsquos criteria.Results Out of 92 samples 40 43.4 were found to contain potential pathogens 25 62.5 of these samples were deemed acceptable while the remaining 15 37.5 samples were considered unacceptable. The potential pathogens that were obtained from patients having LRTIrsquos were Pseudomonas aeruginosa 14 34.1 Klebsiella pneumoniae 10 25 Acinetobacter baumanii 8 19.5 Streptococcus pneumoniae 5 13 Escherichia coli 2 4.9 and Staphylococcus aureus 1 2.4.Conclusion The results of this study showed that sputum quality assessment by scoring system Gram stain and culture put together forms an integral part of diagnosing patients with suspected clinically relevant LRTIrsquos subsequently leading to better management of these cases.
An In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Black Pepper Against Periodontal Pathogens
Authors: S Pattanshetty Rashmi , S Salagundi Basavaraj , K Walvekar Amit , S Gadagi Jayaprakash
Published: December 2024

Background Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease primarily resulting from bacterial insult. With the rise in bacterial resistance to antibiotics there is considerable interest in the development of other classes of antimicrobials for the control of infection. Various plant extracts have been used as antibacterial agents and black pepper extract is one such agent.Objective To evaluate the antibacterial potential of black pepper against periodontal pathogens.Methods The ethanolic extract of black pepper was tested against the standard strains of the selected bacteria both gram-positive aerobic and gram-negative anaerobic periodontal pathogens. The parameters assessed were the minimum inhibitory concentration MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration MBC. These tests determined the lowest concentrations of the test agent by evaluating the turbidity for MIC and the presence of few or no bacterial growth colonies for MBC.Results The antibacterial activity at various concentrations against selected microorganisms was shown by the ethanolic extract of black pepper. The mean MIC value of black pepper was reported to be sensitive at 25 mgmL for Porphyromonas gingivalis sensitive at 6.25 mgmL for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans sensitive at 12.5 mgmL for Actinomyces viscosus and sensitive at 6.25 mgmL for Streptococcus oralis. Black peppers ethanolic extract showed bactericidal activity against P. gingivalis at 25 mgmL concentration. It also showed bacteriostatic activity at all concentrations against A.actinomycetemcomitans A.viscosus and S.oralis.Conclusion This study provides significant insights into the therapeutic effect of black pepper against periodontal pathogens suggesting its potential as an alternative therapy.
Effect of Finishing and Polishing Agents on the Surface Texture and Colour of Pressable Ceramic Restorative Material - An In Vitro Study
Authors: C L Rajeswari , GS Shruthi , G Srivatsa , Manvi Supriya , S Deepmala , M Shetty Rohit
Published: December 2024

Purpose To evaluate the effect of different polishing agents on the surface texture and color of feldspathic porcelain material layered on aluminum-based pressable ceramic.Methodology Forty-five disc specimens of 10 mm diameter and 0.7 mm thickness were fabricated using pressable ceramic material and were layered with 0.5 mm dentin and 0.5 mm enamel using layering material. Specimens were divided into three groups of 15 each and a rough surface was created on the test area of the specimens using medium grit burs. Group A specimens were subjected to finishing and polishing using Porcelain adjustment kit Group B using 15 mu yellow band bur silicon rubber cup impregnated with diamond silicon carbide impregnated brush and Group C using diamond polish mint 1.0 mum Bristle brush. Surface roughness analysis was done using a profilometer and scanning electron microscopy while the color measurements were done using spectrocolorimeter.Results The mean surface roughness values in all the groups as determined by One-way ANOVA F99.425 P000 showed significant results. Group A showed the least surface roughness while Group C showed the maximum values. DeltaE values were non-significant as determined by One way ANOVA and Post hoc analysis but Group A demonstrated lowest values when compared to other groups.Conclusion Group A Porcelain adjustment kit showed better results in terms of surface roughness and colour change compared to other groups.
Multiple sclerosis: epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment
Authors: Kabachna I.V. , Kabachnyy V.I.
Published: December 2024

Background. The incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in humans continues to steadily increase each year worldwide. The problem of improving the quality of life of such patients as well as the development of new drugs for MS remains a very relevant problem today.

Objective – the goal of our work was the systematization and analysis of modern data on the etiology, pathogenesis, and classification of symptoms of MS to facilitate diagnosis and search for the most effective methods of its treatment.

Materials and Methods. We used during the detaliled analysis of modern literary sources helped us to collect and systematize data on the epidemiology of MS, its etiopathogenesis, classification, diagnosis and treatment, which allowed us to establish trends in the development of MS.

Results. The prevalence of MS in the world continues to grow and today there are more than 2.5 million registered cases. The development of MS involves complex interactions between the immune system, genetic factors, and external influences (climate, viral component, bad habits, etc.). Despite the presence of many risk factors, MS remains a multifactorial disease, and the exact cause of its occurrence requires detailed diagnosis. But the following trend is clearly observed – the greater the totality of EF, the higher the chance of developing MS. The symptom complex of MS depends on the localization of lesions of the CNS and PNS nerves. Diagnostics includes many instrumental and laboratory research methods. Treatment of this pathology includes a combination of medicinal and non-medicinal methods, the main goal of which is aimed at reducing symptoms and slowing down the severity of their development, thereby increasing the quality of life of such patients.

Conclusions. During the analysis of literary sources, it was established that MS is a heterogeneous, chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with damage to the white matter of the brain (BM), spinal cord (CM) and optic nerves, which can lead to partial or complete disability depending on the location and degree of nerve damage, and detection of this problem in the early stages prevents aggravation and slows down the progression of the disease, and the search for new original methods of pharmacotherapy of this pathology remains an urgent problem today.
Clinical case of demyelynating polyneuropathy of patient with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
Authors: Solovyova Ye.T. , Nekrasova N.O. , Stromylo A.V. , Tykhonova L.V.
Published: December 2024

Background. The function of a nervous system (NS) has a strong correlation with a somatic state of each individual. Therefore, somatoneurology as a new branch of medicine appeared. Nowadays due to pathophysiological researches we possess the knowledge of mechanisms on NS damage at the background of diseases of endocrine, cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory and other systems. Nevertheless, practically all these processes are difficult to be separated in each case of illness because of the complexity of their simultaneous interaction and polymorphism of clinical symptoms. Autoimmune diseases are worth special attention due to their chameleon-like way of progressing when different organ systems get involved with new exacerbations. Moreover, the pathogenesis of NS damage at the background of autoimmunisation is not only connected with the response of nervous tissue on inflammation and demyelination, but it’s also a result of multiorgan disfunction – a consequence of their autoimmune disruption. According to the mentioned fact the clinical case of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome described in this article is very representative because of the presence of combination of immune system dysfunction (what is a potential trigger of demyelination) and the impact of glucose toxicity phenomenon on NS (a symptom of diabetes mellitus caused by autoimmune pancreatitis). To sum up with, studying somatoneurological features of autoimmune diseases is a relevant topic for practitioners at the «century of autoimmune diseases».

Purpose – to describe the clinical case of polyneuropathy at the background of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome.

Materials and Methods. The results of objective examination and data of instrumental and laboratory tests protocols made at «Kharkiv Regional Clinical Hospital» were used.

Results. Polyneuropathic type of nervous system damage was verified due to electroneuromyographic examination and the scale «Neuropathy Impairment Score of Lower Limbs» (NIS-LL). The efficiency of combined therapy with «Nerviplex», «Dialipon» and «Gabapentin» was demonstrated in this case.

Conclusions. Autoimmune diseases can lead to nervous tissue damage due to different pathophysiological mechanisms, including the direct impact on it with the processes of inflammation and demyelination but also as a secondary consequence of multiorgan dysfunction at the background of immune autoagression.
Menjelajahi peran intergenerational communication dalam membentuk brand knowledge di kalangan penggemar mainan gundam di Indonesia
Authors: Aryo Leonardus Dimas , Patrick Kenji , Maharani Alissya , Rahyadi Irmawan
Published: December 2024

Gundam, yang berasal dari serial animasi, telah popler sejak 40 tahun yang lalu. Hal ini membuat model kit Gundam banyak dicari oleh para penggemar/pembeli dari berbagai usia di seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Perkembangan teknologi digital, memungkinkan penggemar bertemu dan berdiskusi tentang pengetahuan yang terkait dengan merek dalam bentuk e-WOM melalui komunitas digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana Komunikasi Antargenerasi dalam komunitas dengan anggota dari generasi yang berbeda dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan merek dari serial anime dan eWOM yang ada. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah sebuah komunitas hobi yang bernama Gundam Nusantara Indonesia yang aktif di media social facebook, teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, dengan jumlah sampel 393. Skala pengukuran menggunakan 1-5, kuesionair didistribusikan dengan cara memakai google form yang dilakukan antara Maret sampai dengan Mei 2024. Jawaban resonden diolah dengan menggunakan persamaan structural dan diselesaikan dengan bantuan software SmartPLS versi 3.2.9 Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa komunikasi antargenerasi mampu memediasi pengaruh story, toys design, e-WOM terhadap pengetahuan merek. Sedangkan toys design tidak mampu mepengaruhi pengetahuan merek. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi antargenerasi memiliki peran yang kuat dalam meningkatkan pengaruh variabel indpenden terhadap variabel dependen. Ke depan, perlunya menguji kembali pengaruh langsung toys design terhadap pengetahuan merek.

Gundam, originating from an animated series, has been popular for over 40 years, making its model kits highly sought after by fans of all ages worldwide, including in Indonesia. Advances in digital technology enable enthusiasts to exchange brand-related knowledge through e-WOM (electronic word of mouth) in digital communities. This study explores how intergenerational communication within communities of diverse age groups is influenced by brand knowledge from the anime and e-WOM. The research focuses on the Gundam Nusantara Indonesia community, active on Facebook, using purposive sampling with 393 respondents. Data were collected via a 1–5 scale questionnaire distributed through Google Forms from March to May 2024 and analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) with SmartPLS version 3.2.9. Findings reveal that intergenerational communication mediates the effects of storytelling, toy design, and e-WOM on brand knowledge. However, toy design does not directly influence brand knowledge. The study underscores the significant role of intergenerational communication in strengthening the relationship between independent variables and brand knowledge. Future research should further examine the direct impact of toy design on brand knowledge.
Quality characteristics of commercially available dried tilapia in two northern
cities of Nueva Ecija, Philippines
Authors: Ramos H.A.R. , Templonuevo R.M.C. , Saturno J.O.
Published: December 2024

Countries rich in aquatic resources, like the Philippines, depend on fish as a primary
source of protein and other essential nutrients. Dried tilapia is one of the fish-processed
products available all year round in local markets. However, the product's quality may
vary, affecting its nutrient content and storage life. This study evaluated the proximate
composition, sensory characteristics and shelf-life of dried tilapia sold in two cities of
Nueva Ecija: Science City of Muñoz and San Jose City, as well as the tildaing sold by
Central Luzon State University (CLSU). A significantly higher (p>0.05) protein content
was attained by tilading compared to the other two treatments. However, no significant
differences were observed in dry matter, moisture, crude fat and carbohydrate. As for
crude fiber, ash and sodium chloride, significantly higher values were seen in dried tilapia
from Muñoz and San Jose City. In terms of sensory evaluation, significantly the highest
scores were attained by tilading indicating the best acceptance rate among the treatments.
Moreover, it did not show any signs of spoilage after 3 months of storage at room
temperature while the formation of molds and insect infestation was observed on the other
two treatments after 5 weeks. Overall, tilading was observed to have the best quality based
on the parameters evaluated in this study.
The Role of Technology Integration in Facilitating Literature Education: Insights and Challenges
Authors: Gallardo Mayca G. , Guevara Santa Esmeralda E.
Published: December 2024

Blackboards and textbooks are no longer the features of a classroom. Modern classrooms blend traditional methods with digital tools, presenting educators with another way to promote effective teaching strategies. Technology integration is used to improve teaching and learning processes. This development has presented a better pattern for new teaching models. Consequently, it has a key role in learning and teaching literature education. While the benefits of technology integration in literature education are widely acknowledged, we cannot disregard the challenges of utilizing it to create a well-managed learning environment. This study aims to identify the role of technology integration in literature education and its insights and challenges. Findings reveal that teachers used different digital tools such as gamification, social media, and multimedia resources. These tools are believed to be beneficial as they enhance engagement and motivation, access to diverse literary devices, and promote collaborative learning. However, teachers faced different challenges in integrating technology such as limited training and professional development and lack of resources. The review of literature revealed the technological tools used by the teachers, their benefits and challenges as well as the role play by technology in literature education.
Narrative Structure in Reading Engagement of Senior High School Students
Authors: Dimailig Cristine Joy P. , Lagradilla Ma. Cecilia Fate T. , Jacob Rica May J. , Basilan Ma. Leticia Jose C.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine the students’ perceptions of the roles of narrative structure in reading engagement of senior high school students. This study used qualitative method of research and descriptive approach as its research design, in addition to a set of structured interview questions to gather data from senior high school students of Pinagtongulan Integrated National High School, located at Lipa City, Batangas. These structured interview questions were carefully designed to cover various dimensions of the study, including the roles of narrative structure in the reading engagement of the students, how narrative structure affects the reading engagement and proposed activities to engage other students in reading using narrative structure. The results revealed that students perceived narrative structure as a crucial role as it serves as an organizer and backbone of each literature and through this, it helps the readers to easily understand the story in a more comprehensible way. It also allows reader to decode the information given and shows the sequence, organization and the flow of the story. This study also showed how narrative structure affects the reading engagement of the students as it enhances comprehension and gives students drive to learn more. Furthermore, it also affects reading engagement of the students in terms of motivation, character development and creates impact with their emotion. Lastly, students also concluded varied activities to engage other students to read using narrative structure. These includes activities like alternating/rewriting ending and making predictions, creating story boards and interactive materials and sharing experiences through reading, visualizing and group storytelling. By integrating these approaches, students concluded that other students will be more engaged to reading and it can help them to express themselves.