Global survival trends for brain tumors, by histology: Analysis of individual records for 67,776 children diagnosed in 61 countries during 2000–2014 (CONCORD-3)
Authors: Girardi Fabio , Di Carlo Veronica , Stiller Charles , Gatta Gemma , Woods Ryan R , Visser Otto , Lacour Brigitte , Tucker Thomas C , Coleman Michel P , Allemani Claudia ,   CONCORD Working Group, Bouzbid S , Hamdi-Chérif M , Kara L , Meguenni K , Regagba D , Bayo S , Cheick Bougadari T , Manraj S S , Bendahhou K , Ladipo A , Ogunbiyi O J , Somdyala N I M , Chaplin M A , Moreno F , Calabrano G H , Espinola S B , Carballo Quintero B , Fita R , Laspada W D , Ibañez S G , Lima C A , Da Costa A Mafra , De Souza P C F , Chaves J , Laporte C A , Curado M P , de Oliveira J C , Veneziano C L A , Veneziano D B , Almeida A B M , Latorre M R D O , Rebelo M S , Santos M O , Azevedo e Silva G , Galaz J C , Aparicio Aravena M , Sanhueza Monsalve J , Herrmann D A , Vargas S , Herrera V M , Uribe C J , Bravo L E , Garcia L S , Arias-Ortiz N E , Morantes D , Jurado D M , Yépez Chamorro M C , Delgado S , Ramirez M , Galán Alvarez Y H , Torres P , Martínez-Reyes F , Jaramillo L , Quinto R , Castillo J , Mendoza M , Cueva P , Yépez J G , Bhakkan B , Deloumeaux J , Joachim C , Macni J , Carrillo R , Shalkow Klincovstein J , Rivera Gomez R , Perez P , Poquioma E , Tortolero-Luna G , Zavala D , Alonso R , Barrios E , Eckstrand A , Nikiforuk C , Woods R R , Noonan G , Turner D , Kumar E , Zhang B , Dowden J J , Doyle G P , Saint-Jacques N , Walsh G , Anam A , De P , McClure C A , Vriends K A , Bertrand C , Ramanakumar A V , Davis L , Kozie S , Freeman T , George J T , Avila R M , O’Brien D K , Holt A , Almon L , Kwong S , Morris C , Rycroft R , Mueller L , Phillips C E , Brown H , Cromartie B , Ruterbusch J , Schwartz A G , Levin G M , Wohler B , Bayakly R , Ward K C , Gomez S L , McKinley M , Cress R , Davis J , Hernandez B , Johnson C J , Morawski B M , Ruppert L P , Bentler S , Charlton M E , Huang B , Tucker T C , Deapen D , Liu L , Hsieh M C , Wu X C , Schwenn M , Stern K , Gershman S T , Knowlton R C , Alverson G , Weaver T , Desai J , Rogers D B , Jackson-Thompson J , Lemons D , Zimmerman H J , Hood M , Roberts-Johnson J , Hammond W , Rees J R , Pawlish K S , Stroup A , Key C , Wiggins C , Kahn A R , Schymura M J , Radhakrishnan S , Rao C , Giljahn L K , Slocumb R M , Dabbs C , Espinoza R E , Aird K G , Beran T , Rubertone J J , Slack S J , Oh J , Janes T A , Schwartz S M , Chiodini S C , Hurley D M , Whiteside M A , Rai S , Williams M A , Herget K , Sweeney C , Kachajian J , Keitheri Cheteri M B , Migliore Santiago P , Blankenship S E , Conaway J L , Borchers R , Malicki R , Espinoza J , Grandpre J , Weir H K , Wilson R , Edwards B K , Mariotto A , Rodriguez-Galindo C , Wang N , Yang L , Chen J S , Zhou Y , He Y T , Song G H , Gu X P , Mei D , Mu H J , Ge H M , Wu T H , Li Y Y , Zhao D L , Jin F , Zhang J H , Zhu F D , Junhua Q , Yang Y L , Jiang C X , Biao W , Wang J , Li Q L , Yi H , Zhou X , Dong J , Li W , Fu F X , Liu S Z , Chen J G , Zhu J , Li Y H , Lu Y Q , Fan M , Huang S Q , Guo G P , Zhaolai H , Wei K , Chen W Q , Wei W , Zeng H , Demetriou A V , Mang W K , Ngan K C , Kataki A C , Krishnatreya M , Jayalekshmi P A , Sebastian P , George P S , Mathew A , Nandakumar A , Malekzadeh R , Roshandel G , Keinan-Boker L , Silverman B G , Ito H , Koyanagi Y , Sato M , Tobori F , Nakata I , Teramoto N , Hattori M , Kaizaki Y , Moki F , Sugiyama H , Utada M , Nishimura M , Yoshida K , Kurosawa K , Nemoto Y , Narimatsu H , Sakaguchi M , Kanemura S , Naito M , Narisawa R , Miyashiro I , Nakata K , Mori D , Yoshitake M , Oki I , Fukushima N , Shibata A , Iwasa K , Ono C , Matsuda T , Nimri O , Jung K W , Won Y J , Alawadhi E , Elbasmi A , Ab Manan A , Adam F , Nansalmaa E , Tudev U , Ochir C , Al Khater A M , El Mistiri M M , Lim G H , Teo Y Y , Chiang C J , Lee W C , Buasom R , Sangrajrang S , Suwanrungruang K , Vatanasapt P , Daoprasert K , Pongnikorn D , Leklob A , Sangkitipaiboon S , Geater S L , Sriplung H , Ceylan O , Kög I , Dirican O , Köse T , Gurbuz T , Karaşahin F E , Turhan D , Aktaş U , Halat Y , Eser S , Yakut C I , Altinisik M , Cavusoglu Y , Türkköylü A , Üçüncü N , Hackl M , Zborovskaya A A , Aleinikova O V , Henau K , Van Eycken L , Atanasov T Y , Valerianova Z , Šekerija M , Dušek L , Zvolský M , Steinrud Mørch L , Storm H , Wessel Skovlund C , Innos K , Mägi M , Malila N , Seppä K , Jégu J , Velten M , Cornet E , Troussard X , Bouvier A M , Guizard A V , Bouvier V , Launoy G , Dabakuyo Yonli S , Poillot M L , Maynadié M , Mounier M , Vaconnet L , Woronoff A S , Daoulas M , Robaszkiewicz M , Clavel J , Poulalhon C , Desandes E , Lacour B , Baldi I , Amadeo B , Coureau G , Monnereau A , Orazio S , Audoin M , D’Almeida T C , Boyer S , Hammas K , Trétarre B , Colonna M , Delafosse P , Plouvier S , Cowppli-Bony A , Molinié F , Bara S , Ganry O , Lapôtre-Ledoux B , Daubisse-Marliac L , Bossard N , Uhry Z , Estève J , Stabenow R , Wilsdorf-Köhler H , Eberle A , Luttmann S , Löhden I , Nennecke A L , Kieschke J , Sirri E , Justenhoven C , Reinwald F , Holleczek B , Eisemann N , Katalinic A , Asquez R A , Kumar V , Petridou E , Ólafsdóttir E J , Tryggvadóttir L , Murray D E , Walsh P M , Sundseth H , Harney M , Mazzoleni G , Vittadello F , Coviello E , Cuccaro F , Galasso R , Sampietro G , Giacomin A , Magoni M , Ardizzone A , D’Argenzio A , Di Prima A A , Ippolito A , Lavecchia A M , Sutera Sardo A , Gola G , Ballotari P , Giacomazzi E , Ferretti S , Dal Maso L , Serraino D , Celesia M V , Filiberti R A , Pannozzo F , Melcarne A , Quarta F , Andreano A , Russo A G , Carrozzi G , Cirilli C , Cavalieri d’Oro L , Rognoni M , Fusco M , Vitale M F , Usala M , Cusimano R , Mazzucco W , Michiara M , Sgargi P , Boschetti L , Marguati S , Chiaranda G , Seghini P , Maule M M , Merletti F , Spata E , Tumino R , Mancuso P , Cassetti T , Sassatelli R , Falcini F , Giorgetti S , Caiazzo A L , Cavallo R , Piras D , Bella F , Madeddu A , Fanetti A C , Maspero S , Carone S , Mincuzzi A , Candela G , Scuderi T , Gentilini M A , Rizzello R , Rosso S , Caldarella A , Intrieri T , Bianconi F , Contiero P , Tagliabue G , Rugge M , Zorzi M , Beggiato S , Brustolin A , Gatta G , De Angelis R , Vicentini M , Zanetti R , Stracci F , Maurina A , Oniščuka M , Mousavi M , Steponaviciene L , Vincerževskienė I , Azzopardi M J , Calleja N , Siesling S , Visser O , Johannesen T B , Larønningen S , Trojanowski M , Macek P , Mierzwa T , Rachtan J , Rosińska A , Kępska K , Kościańska B , Barna K , Sulkowska U , Gebauer T , Łapińska J B , Wójcik-Tomaszewska J , Motnyk M , Patro A , Gos A , Sikorska K , Bielska-Lasota M , Didkowska J A , Wojciechowska U , Forjaz de Lacerda G , Rego R A , Carrito B , Pais A , Bento M J , Rodrigues J , Lourenço A , Mayer-da-Silva A , Coza D , Todescu A I , Valkov M Y , Gusenkova L , Lazarevich O , Prudnikova O , Vjushkov D M , Egorova A , Orlov A , Pikalova L V , Zhuikova L D , Adamcik J , Safaei Diba C , Zadnik V , Žagar T , De-La-Cruz M , Lopez-de-Munain A , Aleman A , Rojas D , Chillarón R J , Navarro A I M , Marcos-Gragera R , Puigdemont M , Rodríguez-Barranco M , Sánchez Perez M J , Franch Sureda P , Ramos Montserrat M , Chirlaque López M D , Sánchez Gil A , Ardanaz E , Guevara M , Cañete-Nieto A , Peris-Bonet R , Carulla M , Galceran J , Almela F , Sabater C , Khan S , Pettersson D , Dickman P , Staehelin K , Struchen B , Egger Hayoz C , Rapiti E , Schaffar R , Went P , Mousavi S M , Bulliard J-L , Maspoli-Conconi M , Kuehni C E , Redmond S M , Bordoni A , Ortelli L , Chiolero A , Konzelmann I , Rohrmann S , Wanner M , Broggio J , Rashbass J , Stiller C , Fitzpatrick D , Gavin A , Morrison D S , Thomson C S , Greene G , Huws D W , Grayson M , Rawcliffe H , Allemani C , Coleman M P , Di Carlo V , Girardi F , Matz M , Minicozzi P , Sanz N , Ssenyonga N , James D , Stephens R , Chalker E , Smith M , Gugusheff J , You H , Qin Li S , Dugdale S , Moore J , Philpot S , Pfeiffer R , Thomas H , Silva Ragaini B , Venn A J , Evans S M , Te Marvelde L , Savietto V , Trevithick R , Aitken J , Currow D , Fowler C , Lewis C 
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Tumors of the central nervous system are among the leading causes of cancer-related death in children. Population-based cancer survival reflects the overall effectiveness of a health care system in managing cancer. Inequity in access to care world-wide may result in survival disparities.

Methods

We considered children (0–14 years) diagnosed with a brain tumor during 2000–2014, regardless of tumor behavior. Data underwent a rigorous, three-phase quality control as part of CONCORD-3. We implemented a revised version of the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (third edition) to control for under-registration of non-malignant astrocytic tumors. We estimated net survival using the unbiased nonparametric Pohar Perme estimator.

Results

The study included 67,776 children. We estimated survival for 12 histology groups, each based on relevant ICD-O-3 codes. Age-standardized 5-year net survival for low-grade astrocytoma ranged between 84% and 100% world-wide during 2000–2014. In most countries, 5-year survival was 90% or more during 2000–2004, 2005–2009, and 2010–2014. Global variation in survival for medulloblastoma was much wider, with age-standardized 5-year net survival between 47% and 86% for children diagnosed during 2010–2014.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the largest account to date of global trends in population-based survival for brain tumors in children, by histology. We devised an enhanced version of ICCC-3 to account for differences in cancer registration practices world-wide. Our findings may have public health implications, because low-grade glioma is 1 of the 6 index childhood cancers included by WHO in the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer.