bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Garlic Extract as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Acidic Media
Authors: Yang Bo , Chen Wu , Mu Dan Hua
Published: June 2014

This paper studies extract as corrosion inhibitors extracted from garlic. The IR spectrum analysis of the extract shows that the main ingredient of extract is amino acids, and the better extracting condition is that 30°C50mL 10%H2SO4and 20g peeled garlic react for 120.0h, and composite amino acids content in the extract is 19.0mg/L. The result of corrosion inhibition performance using static weight loss shows that the dosage of the extract, temperature and concentration of acidic mediums have effect on corrosion inhibition remarkably. The corrosion inhibitive efficiency for A3 steel is 93.26% in 5% Hydrochloric acid and 79.2% in5% mud acid when the dosage of the garlic extract is 4.0%(V/V) and 6.0%(V/V),respectively. The investigated results of electrochemistry performance of the extract indicates that corrosion potential of A3 steel shift in negative direction both in Hydrochloric acid and in mud acid, which indicates that the extract are inhibitors of inhibiting cathodic corrosion, and circular-arc radius of alternating-current impedance spectroscopy increase notably in acidic medium, and corrosion inhibition effect is remarkable. Therefore, it is feasible to extract inhibitors from garlic.
Multi-Function Stepper Motor Design Based on MCS
Authors: Yang Dong Jin , Han Hao Ding , Zhang Yan
Published: June 2014

The multifunctional stepper motor is built on the basis of ordinary stepper motor, combined with single chip microcomputer control system, dedicated driver chip STK672-040 and chip ULN2003A function, it can not only do the actual stepping motor testing but also can set out the particular function of stepper motor. In addition, the system can link an external circuit and cooperate with the external circuit to complete the work required.
Hall Effect Sensor Based Field Oriented Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Using in Electric Vehicle
Authors: Wang Yu Min , Fan Qing
Published: June 2014

Field oriented control (FOC) of permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is of very importance in electrical vehicle (EV) applications due to low acoustic noise and smooth operation. Nowadays the resolver is most widely used to predict the PMSM rotor position. However, with cost consideration this paper proposes a FOC of PMSM based on Hall effect sensor, , which is very useful in practical applications because of low price and high reliability. Since the Hall effect sensor is an absolute position sensor with 60-degree resolution, the position initialization process is not needed and the reversal rotation risk can be avoided. To improve resolution the interpolation method implemented by software is employed. And the high performance of this proposed method is validated by some experimental results.
Development of Cathode Filament Power Supply for EBW Based on ARM
Authors: Wang Ze Ting , Liu Peng , Fan Sheng Wen
Published: June 2014

The electron beam welding has high energy density, and has been widely applied in air space, the car and shipping industry. Traditional electron beam welding machine power supply system adopts the technology of the power frequency or medium frequency, with high volume, low efficiency and poor stability of electron beam. I put forward a digital filament power control scheme based on STM32, and introduce the hardware and software implementation method in detail. Experiments show that it can realize soft-start and soft-down process, and also be quickly identified and promptly forbid the output when filament fracture, which realize the intellectualization of filament power supply.
Development of 110-220 kV Power Transformer Model for Equipment Functional State Assessment System
Authors: Khalyasmaa Alexandra I. , Dmitriev Stepan A. , Kokin Sergey E. , Glushkov Daniil A. , Kuzin Pavel
Published: June 2014

This paper addresses the problems, connected with implementation of 110-220 kV power transformer structural model for automated equipment functional state assessment system based on test and technical diagnostics data. This article describes the basic construction principles of hybrid neural network using Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy method. The paper also provides the statistical data analysis results for power transformers (of real energy grid part) to define fuzzy neural network criteria (layers).
Analysis of the Power Plant Security Management Capability Based on the ISM and AHP
Authors: Niu Dong Xiao , Wang Peng , Wang Qiong , Hua Fu Yu , Wang Feng , Cai Zhang Hua
Published: June 2014

This paper sets the thermal power plant security management system as the research object. First of all, with the application of the Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM), we establish a multi-level hierarchical structure model on analysis of the influencing factors of thermal power plant security management. Furthermore, based on the structure model, we use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine weights of all the influencing factors, in order to identify the main factors. Finally, according to the identified main factors, we provide several suggestions for security management of thermal power plant.
Development Trends of Chinese Power Plants
Authors: Li Fa Qin , Liu Ji Yong , Zhang Xiao Feng , Zhang Ji Fa , Liu Huan
Published: June 2014

Through the analysis of some parameters of Chinese power plants operation in recent years, forecasting that at a certain period in the future, total installed capacity of 6000 kw or more units will have the growth rate of 7% - 8%.China's power supply coal consumption rate will continue to become lower by 3-5g/kwh every year.
Summary of the Stability Chanllenges and Safe Operation of Power Systems in View of Dispatching
Authors: Zhao Xiang Dong , Zhao Xin , Lv Ming Jun , Liu Jian Guo , Liu Feng Zhen , Sun Yan Hui
Published: June 2014

The Internet and the gradual implementation of the continuous power grid market in recent years make the power system more complex under different operating environment. Safe and stable operation of power grids have become increasingly important . With the rapidf development of the grid and constant innovation, safe and stable operation also has a new requirement , because the rapid development of the power system brings more This paper analyzes the causes of blackouts and reviews security of the power system stability problems related to measures on the security and stability of the power system operation .
Classification Method of Galloping Region for Transmission Lines
Authors: Zhang Li Chun , Li Jun Hui , Yang Jia Lun , Liu Bin , Zhu Kuan Jun
Published: June 2014

Transmission line gallopingis self-excited vibration of iced conductor with low frequency and largeamplitude, the countries almost all over the world have occurred transmissionline galloping, which caused a great economic loss. Drawing the effectivedistribution map for galloping plays an important role in guiding theanti-galloping design, the key of this work is to establish a scientific methodfor galloping region division. In this paper, several methods for gallopingregion division were introduced: frequency method, coefficient method andmeteorological-geographical method. This paper also compared the applicabilityof various methods and their advantages and disadvantages. It shows that themeteorological-geographical method is the best choice for us to dividegalloping region at the present time. However, in the practical application, weshould take all the applicability of the three methods into consideration toget a reasonable division for galloping region.
A Study on Quantitative Methodology to Assess Cyber Security Risk of SCADA Systems
Authors: Woo Pil Sung , Kim Balho H.
Published: June 2014

This paper aims to identify and clarify the cyber security risks and their interaction with the power system in Smart Grid. The SCADA system and other communication networks interact with the power system on a real time basis, so it is important to understand the interaction between two layers to protect the power system from potential cyber threats. In this study, the optimal power flow (OPF) and Power Flow Tracing are used to assess the interaction between the SCADA network and the power system. Through OPF and Power Flow Tracing based analysis, the physical and economic impacts from potential cyber threats are assessed, and thereby the quantitative risks are measured in a monetary unit.
A Study on the Estimation of REC Weighting Value for ESS Introduction
Authors: Kim Minchul , Lee Ji Yun , Kim Bal Ho H.
Published: June 2014

The governments of US, Japan, Europe are planning overall change of electrical power system by adapting Smart Grid as a solution of increasing demand of electricity every year. Especially, ESS have been actively studied to plan efficient use of electrical power and grid-connected. Korea government have been proceeding not only plan of renewable energy but also spread of smart grid. At the same time they have been discussing introduction of ESS which is effective solution of demand response and new growth power. In this study, according to K-ESS policy which is governmental policy of popularizing ESS. we suggest REC weighting value control among the a lot of supporting method that if renewable Genco apply ESS system they would not suffer from lose. It is meaningful because it could be referred to the way of offering governmental incentive for the purpose of decrease peak level and enhance the contribution level of peak.
Motion Characteristics of Microbubble in Water
Authors: Liang Kun Feng , Wang Quan Hai , Ruan Chun Lei , Tong Zhi Wen
Published: June 2014

The motion characteristics of microbubble in the water or solution have important influence to crystallization process. In the paper, the movement equation of single bubble was modeled based on force equilibrium, the mechanics factors influence on the single bubble motion were discussed, and the velocity of microbubble was analysed with the different bubble sizes. The results show that the velocity of microbubble in static water is increasing with time increasing, the influence of virtual mass force and Basset force caused by the acceleration on the velocity of microbubble must be considered in the initial stage of microbubble motion. In the processes of microbubble motion, compared with constant microbubble radius the variation laws of velocity fluctuations mean with microbubble radius changing are uniform.
Application Performance and Mechanism of Tea Saponin in Dyeing and Finishing Pretreatment
Authors: Bai Jian Hong , Cui Shu Ling
Published: June 2014

Combining the application of tea saponin in short pre-treatment of cotton fabric, the chemical reaction characteristics and mechanism of one-bath process were discussed. The impact of various parameters on the one bath process with tea saponin was analysed, and the optimum process prescription was obtained: tea saponin 40 g/L, penetrating agent JFC 5 g/L, scouring agent YS198 6 g /L and hydrogen peroxide stabilizing agent GJ-101 4 g/L. By tea saponin qualitative analysis, the action mechanism of tea saponin in one bath pretreatment was proposed.
Static and Dynamic Response of a Cu-Ni Thin Film Heat Flux Sensor
Authors: Wu Shuo , Ye Fang , Guo Hang , Ma Chong Fang
Published: June 2014

A Cu-Ni thin film heat flux sensor had been fabricated on a 0.05mm thick polyimide film substrate by vacuum coating technology. The overall dimension of the sensor was 8 mm long and 4 mm wide. A thermopile and a thermocouple were arranged on the substrate to measure both heat flux and surface temperature. The thermopile had 18 thermocouple junctions which formed 9 pairs of differential thermocouples and were covered by two different thickness of thermal resistance layers. This research carried out static and dynamic tests of the thin film heat flux sensor. Seebeck coefficient of thermocouple is 19.3761μV/(°C). Sensitivity of the thermopile is 0.010121μV/(W/m2). Steady-state tests of the thermopile and the thermocouple were taken separately. Time constant of the thermocouple is about 0.26s, which is faster than the thermopile of 1.57s.
Numerical Simulating the Ground Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity in Severe Cold Region
Authors: Bai Li , Wang Yan , Hua Ya Wei
Published: June 2014

The ground coefficient of thermal conductivity is one of the most important parameters of simulating the ground temperature field. The ground coefficient of thermal conductivity of the severe cold region is investigated in this article. Firstly, calculating the ground thermal conductivity with considering the moisture content and porosity; then measuring the thermal conductivity of the 1.5 Meter depth; finally, simulating the unsteady heat transfer model of the shallow buried pipe and the ground with the Matlab software; it founded that the calculation data and the actual data differ only 0.31,but the corresponding ground temperature field vary widely. Thus, it can be concluded that the more precise temperature field of the ground can be simulated with the actual data of ground coefficient of thermal conductivity.
Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Thin Film Evaporation
Authors: Dong Jing Ming , Pan Xin Xiang , Han Zhi Tao , Liu Zhi Jian
Published: June 2014

Thin film evaporation is a kind of high efficiency heat transfer. A thin film evaporator with rectangular micro groove has been designed, constructed and tested. The heat flux, superheat and thermal resistance of the thin film evaporator were investigated under different evaporating temperatures. Compared with the regular evaporator at the same condition, the thin film evaporator with rectangular micro groove has a better heat transfer performance and good temperature uniformity. The experimental investigation presented in this paper can be used as a reference to promote the engineering application and development of the thin film evaporator.
Influence of Inlet Mass Flow Rate on Heat Transfer of Supercritical Liquefied Natural Gas in Horizontal Tubes
Authors: Meng Hai Yu , Wang Shu Zhong , Zhou Lu , Wu Zhi Qiang , Zhao Jun , Chen Lin
Published: June 2014

The submerged combustion vaporizer (SCV) is a new kind of vaporizer for liquefied natural gas (LNG). In this paper, a numerical study has been carried out to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of supercritical LNG in horizontal tubes. The thermo-physical properties of supercritical LNG were used for this study, and the influence of inlet LNG mass flow rate on heat transfer was investigated. Numerical results showed that the LNG flow in horizontal tubes included two stages. In the first stage, the surface heat transfer coefficients increased significantly with the increase of the fluid bulk temperature and reached a maximum value when the fluid bulk temperature equaled the pseudo-critical point . After the maximum, the surface heat transfer coefficients fell rapidly with the increase of the fluid bulk temperature. With increasing the inlet LNG mass flow rate, the surface heat transfer coefficients increased due to the increased fluid velocity in horizontal tubes.
Pyrolysis Kinetics and Characteristics of Wood-Based Materials from Municipal Solid Waste
Authors: Chen Lin , Wang Shu Zhong , Wu Zhi Qiang , Meng Hai Yu , Zhao Jun
Published: June 2014

Wood-based materials from Municipal Solid Waste have the potential of covering a significant part of the future demand on gasification capacities. However, their pyrolysis kinetics and gasification behavior has not yet been fully investigated. This paper describes the pyrolysis characteristics of typing paper and Chinese parasol from municipal solid waste applying the non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis, the apparent activation energy and the pre-exponential factor were obtained by kinetics analysis at the heating rate of 10/20/40 oC•min-1.
Research and Improvement of the Difficulties of FCB Function of Subcritical Units
Authors: Fei Peng Cheng , Wang Li , Qi Yun Feng
Published: June 2014

Power plant will be threatened in the blackout, a tiny carelessness could result in serious damage to the equipment. FCB (FastCutBack) refers to the function that during the normal operation, because of the internal fault or external fault the unit take the moment to get rid of all external power supply instantaneously, and keep the boiler continue running at the lowest load to supply the auxiliary power. In this paper, the new designed FCB control strategy has been applied in a 350MW subcritical coal-fired unit. Through some control logic optimization and debugging, the viable control parameters is obtained, the result of unit FCB function test is excellent and the safety of unit are effectively improved.
The Design of Intelligent Electric Heating Oil Heater Control System
Authors: Li Jin
Published: June 2014

An intelligent electric heating oil heater control system is designed in this paper. It takes the single chip microcomputer as the core controller; detects environmental temperature using the temperature sensor; controls opening and closing of electric heating oil heater according to the temperature user set; checks whether there is person indoor using the body detection sensor, if there is no, the oil heater is power off automatically; detects environmental humidity using the humidity sensor ,deciding whether the oil heater is turned on according to the current humidity sends out the alarm; detects oil heater placement using the angle sensor for detecting oil heater placement, Unable to start the oil heater. When the electric oil heater stands upside down or is set flat or inclined, it will send out the alarm. At the same time, the system is provided with keyboard and display circuit, which are used to set the various functions, such as setting the child lock and displaying the corresponding information.
The Research Progress of Steam Jet Pump Design Method
Authors: Yang Dong , Zhang Xiao Jie , Zhang Meng
Published: June 2014

The use of steam steam ejector is formed in a Laval nozzle entrained flow speed airflow to the power unit of the body, has a simple structure, easy maintenance, stable and reliable, pumping capacity, etc.which is widely used in metallurgy, chemical, pharmaceutical , food and other industries. Based on the comprehensive domestic steam jet pump theory and design based on the results of its variety of design methods reviewed, and in accordance with design features and compare their design processes, raise steam jet pump design trends.
The Research Progress of Boron Nitride Nano-Tubes in Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Zhang Ning , Yang Fei Yi , Kan Hong Min , Liu Huan , Wang Xiao Yang
Published: June 2014

There are a series of problems existing in global issues, such as the increasing energy demand, environmental pollution, haze and global warming. Thus, the hydrogen energy attracts more attention of new energy industry. The materials of hydrogen storage are ideal renewable energy carrier; the combustion of hydrogen forms water is pollution-free for the environment and releases large amounts of heat. This paper systematically introduces the structure, preparation methods, and hydrogen storage capability of boron nitride nanotubes. It also highlights the importance of boron nitride nanotubes, which we believe will play a promoting role for the hydrogen storage materials.
Nonlinear Hydro Turbine Model for Medium and Long Term Power System Stability Analysis with Sharing Long Common Tunnel
Authors: Tang Fan , Ding Li Jie , Teng Yu Fei , Wei Wei
Published: June 2014

Based on the theoretical derivation of hydraulic coupling relationship between the hydropower units sharing long common tunnel,the non-linear hydro turbine model with sharing long diversion tunnel system is established and order-reduced in accordance with the demand of power system simulation. And according to the complex structure characteristics of surge tank,a method of correcting surge tank storage constant with surge tank structure coefficient is proposed. This hydro turbine model can reflect the influence of surge tank and sharing common tunnel in the power system long term process,the accuracy of model is proved by comparison of simulation results and actual recording data in power system.
Study on the Transient Power Angle Characteristic of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator
Authors: Yu Qiang , Yu Can Ping , Sun Hua Dong , Yi Jun , Luo Xu Zhi
Published: June 2014

Doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine has become a mainstream machine of wind generators in China. As the different operational characteristics between the DFIG and synchronous generator (SG), the large amount of DFIG-based wind generators installed in the grid may bring a series of impacts on the dynamic behaviors of power system. In order to study the DFIG transient characteristics on the condition of the voltage dips happening in the power system, a definition of the DFIG power angle is given and the effects of the converters on the DFIG power angle are discussed. On this basis, the transient angle characteristic of the DFIG is derived. The DFIG transient characteristics are performed by Matlab/Simulink software, the simulation results demonstrate that the DFIG has the resemble power angle characteristic of SG and prove the effectiveness of the derivation process, which lay a foundation for the study on the interactions between the DFIG and power system.
Design of a Pressurized Circular Pipe with Benches Using the Rough Model Method (RMM)
Authors: Riabi Mohammed , Achour Bachir
Published: June 2014

The rough model method (RMM) is explained through its application to the design of a pressurized circular shaped conduit with benches, widely used in practice. The three basic equations of turbulent flow are firstly applied to define explicitly the geometric elements of a referential rough model characterized by an arbitrary assigned relative roughness value. The required linear dimensions of the studied conduit are then easily deduced by multiplying the homologues linear dimensions of the rough model by a non-dimensional correction factor. Friction factor is not indispensable when applying the RMM, unlike current design methods. Resulting RMM equations are not only explicit but are also valid in the entire domain of turbulent flow.
Low-Frequency Nanotesla Resolution of Magnetic Field Detection in Metglas/Magnetostrictive/Piezoelectric Laminates
Authors: Tao Jia Gui , Jia Yong Yong , Wu Hao , Yang Jing Gang
Published: June 2014

We report nanotesla resolution in a three-phase Metglas/FeNi/PZT-5A multiferroic composite with one end rigidly clamped operating in the first-order bending resonant mode for low-frequency magnetic field detection. Strong bending magnetoelectric (ME) couplings induced by the ununiform strain distribution in the free-clamped magnetostrictive beam are achieved without the benefit of nonmagnetic tip mass, and its natural resonant frequency is much lower than that in operating free-free mode. In addition, high-permeability materials Metgals are attached on the magnetostrictive beam for magnetic flux concentrating and resolution improvement. Experimental results reveal that the three-phase ferromagnetic/magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composite with a cantilever beam structure exhibits a high bending ME coefficient of ~32.17 V/cm·Oe at the resonant bending frequency of 819Hz under Hdc=175Oe. At the resonant excitation, the maximum resolution of 7nT is acquired under Hac=1Oe. The proposed ME cantilever structure with high resolution provideds a promising application in low-frequency magnetic transducer and sensors.
Power Transformers Fault Diagnosis Based on DRNN
Authors: Duan Hui Da , Li Qiao Song
Published: June 2014

In recent years, improved three-ratio is an effective method for transformer fault diagnosis based on Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA). In this paper, diagonal recurrent neural network (DRNN) is used to resolve the online fault diagnosis problems for oil-filled power transformer based on DGA. To overcome disadvantages of BP algorithm, a new recursive prediction error algorithm (RPE) is used in this paper.In addition, to demonstrate the effectiveness and veracity of the proposed method, some cases are used in the simulation. The simulation results are satisfactory.
A New Method of Evaluating the Sensitivity of Sensitive Load to Voltage Sag
Authors: Luo Rui Bin
Published: June 2014

This paper proposes a new method to evaluate the voltage sag sensitivity (VSS) of the sensitive load by the combination of several probability density function models, which can fully describe the randomness of load sensitivity. Firstly, five common probability density functions were respectively used to build the mathematical model of voltage tolerance curve (VTC) of sensitive load in uncertainty region. Secondly, the VSS of sensitive load was respectively evaluated by five models, and the weighted sum of five models’ results was calculated by unbiased variance method. In the end, the proposed method was verified to be rational according to an application example.
Partial Discharge Detection of On-Line Cables Based on Hilbert Huang Transform
Authors: Li Fang
Published: June 2014

Hilbert-Huang transforms calculation method was used in the study on signal of partial discharge from on-line cable. The partial discharge signal was made to be intrinsic mode function (IMF) by empirical mode decomposition (EMD).The cubic spline interpolation was selected as the interpolation function and ideal envelope curve was achieved to eliminates defects such as overshoot and undershoot effectively. Appropriate lock-in amplifier was choosed and pre-amplifier and phase sensitive detection circuit was designed to determine the calculation programs. The results showed that the test system can effectively capture the weak PD signals in cable under complex environmental conditions and the PD signal waveform obtained was improved through Hilbert-Huang transforms.The state of insulation and the remaining life of the cable can be judged effectively,which has practical significance for improving the grid security.
CT Analysis of Meso-Structure Changes in Rock Salt with Brine Corrosion
Authors: Liu Yan Dong , Yuan Fang Long , Dong Jian Hua
Published: June 2014

The roadbed base of railway in Qarhan Salt Lake area entirely consists of brine saturated rock salt formations. However, low salinity brine would cause corrosion for roadbed and the stability of rock salt roadbed would be directly affected. In this paper, physical and mechanical properties of brine-dissolved rock salt have been tudied, as well as Computer Tomography was used to scan and analyze the meso-structural changes in rock salt before and after corrosion. The results show that density of rock salt would be changed obviously in the process of corrosion.The deriving or closing of meso-fissures in rock salt could been found with rock salt immigrating and corrosion damage.
The Scheme of Identity-Based Aggregation Signcryption in Smart Grid
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhang Yue Yu
Published: June 2014

Smart grid puts forward high requirements for the equipment to access authentication, which achieves openness and real-time performance in mart grid. The users’ identities need to protect, in the meanwhile, identity authentication and data encryption should be efficient. According to the characteristics of smart grid, this paper proposed an identity-based aggregation signcryption scheme which combined pseudonymous ID with batch verification. The scheme adopted the pseudonym technology to achieve the user identity anonymity, and adopted the signcryption to complete digital signature and encryption in one time. This paper presented the aggregation signcryption for different multiple users by dynamic equation, which can compromise the security and computation overhead to meet the requirements of smart grid. This scheme can reduce the computational burden of aggregators with security of communication data. Moreover, this scheme solved the difficult problem of the management of pseudonymous ID, and improved the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, this scheme meets the requirement of real time and high efficiency in smart grid.
A Wide-Area Backup Protection Algorithm for Multi-Fault Location in Complex Large Power Grid
Authors: Xia Bing Yang , Ma Jing
Published: June 2014

This paper presents a fitting degree-based multi-fault location algorithm for complex large power grid utilizing wide-area information. Firstly, fault injection current of the equivalent fault points is used in the equivalent model. Then the correlation matrix is formed by the network topology and associated nodal injection current and a network is formed to determine the location of faults. When multiple faults occur, the addition of the current of each two fault lines is calculated and the real-time current is measured. Then by calculating the minimum of fitting degree between two current values, fault line and virtual fault location can be determined. The simulation results of 10-generator 39-bus system verify the validity and feasibility of this algorithm.
Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ91D Alloy
Authors: Liu Zhi Chao , Li Yao , Yang Jun Jie
Published: June 2014

Rare earth Y、Gd、Nd were added to improve the tensile strength, elongation, hardness and microstructure of AZ91D magnesium alloy in this study. The investigation had been undertaken by 8 GWU type resistance furnace, RGM - 50 electronic machine , Vickers ,etc. Results show that a moderate amount of composite adding rare earth can effectively improve the tensile strength of AZ91D alloy, elongation, hardness and the organizational structure, as a rare earth content increased after the first performance decline. When rare earth content is 1.8%, the highest tensile strength up to 276.58mpa, 8.3% elongation. When rare earth content is 2.4%, the hardness is up to 99.36 HV1.96.
Analysis and Thoughts on a 500kV H-GIS Equipment Failure
Authors: Wang Xiao Dan , Xu Dong Sheng , Wang Yi , Li Lu , Zhang Qing Jun , Lan Qi , Lu Yong , Li Hao
Published: June 2014

Analysis the 500kV H-GIS equipment failure, determine for the circuit breaker chamber internal discharge fault according to the protection action and the use of the analysis of SF6gas composition, a detailed analysis of the possible causes of failures, and according to the disintegration test results, to confirm the final reason for internal foreign bodies caused by discharge. Finally, put forward some prevention measures and suggestions for the accident.
Nanometer Interconnect Test Structure for Modeling of Process Variation
Authors: Zhang Yong Hong , Jin Wei , Feng Tao
Published: June 2014

With the interconnection density and doubling the number of layers in VLSI, Interconnect line width,pitch,and the thickness of the dielectric layer will changed within the same chip caused by the process variation. and the interconnect parasitics changes ultimately affect circuit performance and yield.IC designers need an accurate BEoL corner model to help circuit design. Standard Interconnect Performance Parameters (SIPPs) is standard method to measure ultra-large scale integrated circuit BEOL performance. Designed parallel plate, layer-skipping parallel plate, comb meander, comb meander for via resistance test structures to extract SIPPs according to their sensitivity differences to different test structures, and realized them in CIF format file with High-level Perl language automatically. Then change to GDSII format file that wafer used widely by Cadence layout software, and pass electrical rule checks. Greatly improved the efficiency of test structure’s design and realized. Lay the foundations for formulation of Design for Manufacturability physical design rules and further research interconnection statistical models under nanometer technology with more unique physical phenomena.
Characters of Electromagnetic Radiation in Coal and its Application in Forecast of Coal and Gas Outburst
Authors: Wang Wen Cai , Zhao Hui , Zhao Hong Yu , Zhang Qing Tian
Published: June 2014

The coal can produce electromagnetic radiation when it is in the loading process. The electromagnetic radiation characteristics testing to the sample in the process of uniaxial compression failure in the lab shows that loading stress and the strength of electromagnetic radiation, the number of electromagnetic radiation pulse, the number of acoustic emission pulse are positively correlated relationship when it is in the loading process. They usually have a good corresponding relationship with each other, but are not completely synchronization. They test the corresponding relationship between the electromagnetic radiation intensity of coal and main parameters gas emission initial speed of traditional prediction of coal and gas outburst borehole and amount of drilling cuttings. The results show that the electromagnetic radiation intensity and gas emission initial speed of borehole and amount of drilling cuttings have a positive correlation, and the linear positive correlation equation is obtained. Thus it can be seen, electromagnetic radiation characteristics can be used for predicting the outburst of coal and gas.
Numerical Analysis of Mining-Induced Overburden Stress Change Rule
Authors: Zhao De Shen , Guo Dong Liang
Published: June 2014

Based on overburden of S2S9 working face fully-mechanized mining of certain coal mine, this paper uses the finite element ADINA software to analyze the vertical stress and shear stress of overburden under the condition of coal mining, especially the vertical stress decreasing and increasing zones, concentrated stress change and to discuss the distribution scope, peak value and spatial relation with the working face of Tre-suptorping stress. The study on the mine safe and efficient mining of other face has certain significance.
Study on Strata Movement Control of Twice Strip Mining
Authors: Hu Bingnan
Published: June 2014

In order to further improve the recovery ratio in strip mining, this paper makes use of the law of insufficiency and sufficiency in strata movement and buildings’ additional stress release features, puts forward twice strip mining technology. The paper introduces the method and feasibility of twice strip mining. By analyzing karst cave collapse mechanism, the paper points out vertical cracks and horizontal layer separations are the direct causes of karst caves collapses and small strength mining each time can reduce karst cave collapse. The new technology has been applied in Pinghu Mine. It has totally extracted recoverable coal reserves under village buildings, effectively controlled strata deformation, and successfully avoided karst cave collapse within Yangkeng village.
The Orthogonal Test and Optimal Decision for the Development of New Backfill Cementing Materials Based on the Rod Milling Sand
Authors: Li Mao Hui , Yang Zhi Qiang , Gao Qian , Wang You Tuan
Published: June 2014

The experiment uses lime, desulfurization ash, slag and other solid wastes with mirabilite and NaOH as the admixture for Jinchuan mine rod milling sand to get a new backfill cementing materials that can replace the cement materials. There obtains the influence of activators to strength of the new backfill cementing materials’ body through the orthogonal experiment. The MATLAB genetic programming is exploited for getting the regression function of compressive strength and shrinkage rate for the new backfill cementing materials. Using the genetic algorithm to optimize the constrained regression functions that can get the best combinations of the activators, Finally. The results show that the compressive strengths (28d, 7d, 3d) of new backfill cementing materials are 6.73MPa, 4.03MPa and 1.00MPa when the lime, desulfurization ash, mirabilite, NaOH and slag are 7.05%, 16.32%, 3.062%, 1.08% and 72.48%. The optimal results conform to the requirements of the Jinchuan mine filling strength, which lays a foundation for further industrial test of new backfill cementing materials in Jinchuan mine.
The Research on Evaluation Index System of Mine Thermal Environment
Authors: Zhang Hong Wei , Xin Song , Jia Chong Zhan
Published: June 2014

The typical high temperature environment of the mine, using single index evaluation system has been unable to meet the requirements of mine thermal environment of high temperature. Through the analysis of thermal equilibrium conditions affecting the thermal comfort of the mine workers of various factors and human thermal exchange model, that the decision to control the environment and human factors is the average temperature of the heat exchange of the skin. For high-temperature thermal defects existing mine environmental assessment indicators, the average temperature in the heat to the skin comfort zone as an index, the index system is established based on theoretical calculations WSBGT of mine thermal environment for effective assessment, provide the basis for mine cooling design.
Theoretical Analysis and Validation of Factors Affecting the Permeability on Coal Containing Gas
Authors: Xu Gang , Ma Rui Feng , Mou Quan Bin
Published: June 2014

Based on definition of porosity, permeability model of gas-bearing coal was build which took porosity gas pressure, gas adsorption expansion, temperature and crustal stress into account, and the factors affecting the permeability of gas-bearing coal has been analyzed theoretically. The results show that permeability decreased exponentially with crustal stress increasing, permeability decreased linearly with temperature increasing and permeability decreased first and then increased with gas pressure increasing; crustal stress had the strongest effect than gas pressure and temperature, decreasing crustal stress was the most effective way to increase permeability and to improve extraction; the results verified by experiments data show that the smaller error and the higher prediction accuracy can meet production practical requirement, which could provide some guidance to gas extraction.
Gas Disaster Governance of Rock Cross-Cut Coal Uncovered in Extremely Inclined Outburst Coal Seam
Authors: Zhu Hong Qing , Gu Bei Fang , Zhang Min Bo , Yang Cheng Yi , Shen Xiang
Published: June 2014

Due to the complex geological conditions of Nanshan mine east region, the outburst predict index overrun frequently in the process of high-dipping extremely thick coal seam rock cross-cut coal uncovering, this text designed and optimized the front explore borehole parameter to ascertain conditions of coal seam; Optimized gas drainage drilling parameters to improve the rate of extraction, reduced the blank tape; On the basis of the theory of mechanics, derivate the computational formula of minimum safety rock pillars, identified with the minimum thickness safety of rock pillars. Through the above measures, guaranteed debunking coal seams quickly and safely.
Research on Surface Movement Deformation Characteristics of Full-Pillar Extraction by Filled Wide Working Face Layout in Strip Mining
Authors: Liu Peng Liang
Published: June 2014

Full-pillar extraction by filled wide working face layout in strip mining resolved the course of surface deformation and moving into two period drew support from wide working face layout in partial mining, filling in roof falling zone and full-pillar extraction. It could carry point of reducing mining effect and protecting surface.This paper explained technical principle of full-pillar extraction by filled wide working face layout in strip mining, and analysed effect of wide working face partial mining and roof filling in falling zone in this technology, and researched the features of surface deformation and moving with this technology in a demonstration. Resources under buildings and Coal demand increased year by year with rapid development of economy and it speeding up depletion of common resources,therefor,coal seam under rivers,buildings and railways reasonable mining has important significance for improving recovery and relieving energy shortage.Coal seam under rivers,buildings and railways reserves reached 137.9Gt in State owned coal mine according to statistics, which coal seam under buildings makes 94.68Gt account 69% of the total and constraints mine development.To some degree,although traditional reduce subsidence mining technology settled pressed coal mining problems,but its extension limited by low recovery,the high cost,difficult to carry out and the difference with saving resources and high efficient.Full-pillar extraction by filled wide working face layout in strip mining resolved the course of surface deformation and moving into two period drew support from wide working face layout in partial mining,filling in roof falling zone and full-pillar extraction,which could carry point of reducing mining effect.It is one of the technological approaches to make high recovery,the low cost and high efficient in pressed coal mining.This paper analyzed wide working face in strip mining and filling effects in the strata movement control and researched the ground deformation features by an example with Full-pillar extraction by filled wide working face layout in strip mining.
Stowing and Mining Interval Width and Stowing Body Strength Index in Tool Pillar Stowing Faces
Authors: Liu Peng Liang
Published: June 2014

This paper put forward the technical ideas of tool pillar mining with stowing that is dividing mining and stowing into two stages and recycling pillars based on the first stage stowing body support roof by analyzing tool pillar faces characteristic with pillar and goaf septal arrangement. Due to the stope drift and pillar size are both small, the goaf should be timely stowing in order to ensure stability of pillars and stowing body, author introduced stowing and mining interval width and stowing body strength determined method in two stages. This paper calculated pillar load of the first stage and stowing body load of the second stage with enlarge pressure arch theory, determined stowing and mining interval width in two stages and stowing body strength in the first stage combined with safety factor. At last author determined the second stage stowing body strength according to the surface movement and deformation control requirement with numerical simulation.
Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Sand-Shale Ratio of Bedrock Impacting Mining Subsidence
Authors: Song Shi Jie , Zhao Xiao Guang , Zhang Nian , Zhao Lu
Published: June 2014

Significant geological factor of coal occurrence is layered structure of coal measures overburden rock, and bedrock sand-shale ratio is a key element of coal measures overburden rock layered structure. On the background of geological occurrence conditions of 2-2 coal in Yushen coal mining area, the sandstone layer, sandstone average thickness and sand-shale ratio are taken as variables to build the 18 different types of layered structure models. On this basis, basic law of coal measures bedrock sand-shale ratios which is a key characteristic of layered structure impacting mining subsidence is mainly studied by using numerical simulation method. The results show that: firstly, in spite of any condition of sandstone layer coefficient subsidence coefficient always decrease with the increase of sand-shale ratios. However, the effect of sand-shale ratios on subsidence coefficient continuously decreased with the increasing of sandstone layer coefficient. Secondly, when the sandstone layer coefficient is less than 70%, the different sand-shale ratios have significant influence on the subsidence coefficient, and when the sandstone layer coefficient is more than 90%, subsidence coefficients corresponding to different sand-shale ratios show obvious convergence characteristics. The gap between each other is only 1%~2%. Thirdly, taking the subsidence coefficient corresponding to the sand-shale ratio is 6:4 as reference, the curves about the rate of decrease in subsidence coefficient is set up when the sand-shale ratio is 7:3 or 8:2, and the fitting equations are presented on the basis of Log3P1 mathematical model.
Effect of Different Storage Conditions on Soybean Oil Acid Value
Authors: Hao Mei Mei , Li Xi Hong , Liu Hai Dong , Yang Wei Qiao , Shao Chong Xiao , Liu Shao He , Chen Lan
Published: June 2014

Under the condition of nine kinds of storage, In this thesis, through the determination of acid value of soybean oil, to search for the best storage condition, used to prevent the soybean oil acid value rise, through the analysis of the acid value data, We find the best storage condition, is 0°C, 6% moisture content, and PVC plastic wrap packaging.
Optimization of Crude Extracts from Areca catechu L. Flower Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Li Liang , Ji Jian Bang , Kang Xiao Ning , Dai Ping , Fu Chuan Xian
Published: June 2014

Based on the single factor analysis, the effect of extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid to liquid ratio on enhancing crude extracts of essential oil yield from Areca catechu L. flowers was evaluated by response surface analysis (RSA). A three-variable, three-level Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) was applied and the interactions of each factor on the essential oil crude extracts yield were also investigated. The test data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also analyzed using the appropriate statistical methods. The optimal conditions were at 90 min extraction time, 60°C extraction temperature, and 15:1 solid to liquid ratio using petroleum ether with a boiling range of 60~90°C as the extraction agent. Under such conditions, the essential oil crude extracts yield is 2.52% after three runs.
The Empirical Study for National Determinant of Coffee Consumption
Authors: Chung Chao Cheng , Chen Sze Ting , Chen Yen Yen , Chung Chung Yi
Published: June 2014

This study analysis the national determinant in the coffee consumption. The final dataset includes 136 countries and nine variables, coffee consumption, GDP, the number of vehicles per capita, and electricity consumption, education, tourism spending, literacy, drinking water quality population density, and the average life expectancy which are all collected from global international independent institutes. In our research, we use the regression model to interpret what the determinant can predict the coffee consumption in a country. We further discussed our research in descriptive statistics analysis, stepwise regression analysis, control some variables, and also multivariate regression analysis. The result showed that the economic factor, i.e. the GDP, play the most important role in the coffee consumption and significantly. The R-Sq (Adj) for this regression model was 59.1%.
Simulation and Projection of Northern Hemisphere Blockings In CMIP5 Models
Authors: Ye Pei Long , Li Yan
Published: June 2014

The frequencies of atmospheric blocking are analyzed as simulated in 16 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) over North Hemisphere especially over key regions where blocking highs influencing China (the Ural, Baikal and Okhotsk), and the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) integrations are used to examine projected future changes in a warmer climate. Comparison with reanalysis data reveals that the frequencies of North Atlantic-Eurasia blocking are significantly underestimated throughout the year, however, multi-model mean generally overestimates the blocking frequency over high-latitude of Pacific. Ural blocking, Lake Baikal and Okhotsk Sea blocking frequencies are found to be mainly underestimated especially during the cold season. The RCP4.5 integrations show a heavily reduced for blocking frequency over North Atlantic and higher latitude of Eurasia in 2044-2099, but high-latitude blocking over Atlantic and Pacific presents a small increase. A significant increase of the Ural blocking is found. In contrast to the trend of blocking index for RCP4.5 path in the second half of the 21st, the increasing trend from 2006 to 2050 is distinct, the blocking increasing trend is more significant in summer than in winter over the three regions.