bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flavoured warped axion
Authors: Bonnefoy Quentin , Cox Peter , Dudas Emilian , Gherghetta Tony , Nguyen Minh D.
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We consider a 5D extension of the DFSZ axion model that addresses both the axion quality and fermion mass hierarchy problems, and predicts flavour-dependent, off-diagonal axion-fermion couplings. The axion is part of a 5D complex scalar field charged under a U(1)PQ symmetry that is spontaneously broken in the bulk, and is insensitive to explicit PQ breaking on the UV boundary. Bulk Standard Model fermions interact with two Higgs doublets that can be localized on the UV boundary or propagate in the bulk to explain the fermion masses and mixings. When the Higgs doublets are localized on the UV boundary, they induce flavour diagonal couplings between the fermions and the axion. However, when the Higgs doublets propagate in the bulk, the overlap of the axion and fermion profiles generates flavour off-diagonal couplings. The effective scale of these off-diagonal couplings in both the quark and lepton sectors can be as small as 1011 GeV, and therefore will be probed in future precision flavour experiments.
Circular Wilson loop in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2* super Yang-Mills theory at two loops and localization
Authors: Belitsky A. V. , Korchemsky G. P.
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We present a two-loop calculation of the supersymmetric circular Wilson loop in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2* super Yang-Mills theory on the four-sphere. We develop an efficient framework for computing contributing Feynman graphs that relies on using the embedding coordinates combined with the Mellin-Barnes techniques for propagator-like integrals on the sphere. Our results exactly match predictions of supersymmetric localization providing a nontrivial consistency check for the latter in non-conformal settings.
Deep learning assistance increases the detection sensitivity of radiologists for secondary intracranial aneurysms in subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Pennig Lenhard , Hoyer Ulrike Cornelia Isabel , Krauskopf Alexandra , Shahzad Rahil , Jünger Stephanie T. , Thiele Frank , Laukamp Kai Roman , Grunz Jan-Peter , Perkuhn Michael , Schlamann Marc , Kabbasch Christoph , Borggrefe Jan , Goertz Lukas
Published: April 2021

Purpose

To evaluate whether a deep learning model (DLM) could increase the detection sensitivity of radiologists for intracranial aneurysms on CT angiography (CTA) in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

Methods

Three different DLMs were trained on CTA datasets of 68 aSAH patients with 79 aneurysms with their outputs being combined applying ensemble learning (DLM-Ens). The DLM-Ens was evaluated on an independent test set of 104 aSAH patients with 126 aneuryms (mean volume 129.2 ± 185.4 mm3, 13.0% at the posterior circulation), which were determined by two radiologists and one neurosurgeon in consensus using CTA and digital subtraction angiography scans. CTA scans of the test set were then presented to three blinded radiologists (reader 1: 13, reader 2: 4, and reader 3: 3 years of experience in diagnostic neuroradiology), who assessed them individually for aneurysms. Detection sensitivities for aneurysms of the readers with and without the assistance of the DLM were compared.

Results

In the test set, the detection sensitivity of the DLM-Ens (85.7%) was comparable to the radiologists (reader 1: 91.2%, reader 2: 86.5%, and reader 3: 86.5%; Fleiss κ of 0.502). DLM-assistance significantly increased the detection sensitivity (reader 1: 97.6%, reader 2: 97.6%,and reader 3: 96.0%; overall P=.024; Fleiss κ of 0.878), especially for secondary aneurysms (88.2% of the additional aneurysms provided by the DLM).

Conclusion

Deep learning significantly improved the detection sensitivity of radiologists for aneurysms in aSAH, especially for secondary aneurysms. It therefore represents a valuable adjunct for physicians to establish an accurate diagnosis in order to optimize patient treatment.
Gut microbiota profiles and characterization of cultivable fungal isolates in IBS patients
Authors: Sciavilla Piero , Strati Francesco , Di Paola Monica , Modesto Monica , Vitali Francesco , Cavalieri Duccio , Prati Gian Maria , Di Vito Maura , Aragona Giovanni , De Filippo Carlotta , Mattarelli Paola
Published: April 2021

Studies so far conducted on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have been focused mainly on the role of gut bacterial dysbiosis in modulating the intestinal permeability, inflammation, and motility, with consequences on the quality of life. Limited evidences showed a potential involvement of gut fungal communities. Here, the gut bacterial and fungal microbiota of a cohort of IBS patients have been characterized and compared with that of healthy subjects (HS). The IBS microbial community structure differed significantly compared to HS. In particular, we observed an enrichment of bacterial taxa involved in gut inflammation, such asEnterobacteriaceae,Streptococcus,Fusobacteria,Gemella, andRothia, as well as depletion of health-promoting bacterial genera, such asRoseburiaandFaecalibacterium. Gut microbial profiles in IBS patients differed also in accordance with constipation. Sequence analysis of the gut mycobiota showed enrichment ofSaccharomycetesin IBS. Culturomics analysis of fungal isolates from feces showed enrichment ofCandidaspp. displaying from IBS a clonal expansion and a distinct genotypic profiles and different phenotypical features when compared to HS ofCandida albicansisolates. Alongside the well-characterized gut bacterial dysbiosis in IBS, this study shed light on a yet poorly explored fungal component of the intestinal ecosystem, the gut mycobiota. Our results showed a differential fungal community in IBS compared to HS, suggesting potential for new insights on the involvement of the gut mycobiota in IBS.

Key points

•Comparison of gut microbiota and mycobiota between IBS and healthy subjects

•Investigation of cultivable fungi in IBS and healthy subjects

•Candida albicans isolates result more virulent in IBS subjects compared to healthy subjects
Genetic alterations in Thai adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome—excess blasts detected by next-generation sequencing technique
Authors: Owattanapanich Weerapat , Herzig Julia , Jahn Nikolaus , Panina Ekaterina , Ruchutrakool Theera , Kungwankiattichai Smith , Issaragrisil Surapol , Döhner Hartmut , Döhner Konstanze
Published: April 2021

Several molecular aberrations affect the prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with excess blasts (EB). This study aimed to determine the incidence and clinical impact of molecular genetic aberrations in Thai patients with AML and MDS-EB, detected by the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique. This prospective, observational study was conducted between 2018 and 2020 on newly diagnosed Thai AML or MDS-EB patients aged above 15 years. NGS was performed using a custom amplicon-based targeted enrichment assay for 42 genes recurrently mutated in myeloid neoplasms. The molecular results were correlated with baseline patient and disease characteristics as well as outcomes. Forty-nine patients were enrolled in this study. The median age was 56 years (interquartile range [IQR], 44–64), with nearly equal proportions of males and females. The median number of mutations was 3 (IQR, 2–4). The most frequent alterations were FLT3 internal tandem duplications (ITD) (28.6%), DNMT3A (24.5%), and WT1 (22.4%) mutations. FLT3-ITD was more frequent in the de novo AML group than in the MDS/secondary AML group, whereas in the MDS/secondary AML group, ASXL1, ETV6, and SRSF2 mutations were more frequent. Patients aged greater than 65 years and patients with mutated TP53 were more likely to have inferior overall survival from multivariate analysis. FLT3-ITD was the most common mutation among newly diagnosed Thai AML patients. TP53 mutation and advanced age were independent adverse factors for survival outcome. The genetic landscapes of AML patients vary between national populations. Thai Clinical Trials Registry identifier: TCTR20190227003.
Interannual variability in the subduction of the South Atlantic subtropical underwater
Authors: Liu Hao , Li Shujiang , Wei Zexun
Published: April 2021

The South Atlantic subtropical underwater (STUW) is a high-salinity water mass formed by subduction within the subtropical gyre. It is a major component of the subtropical cell and affects stratification in the downstream direction due to its high salinity characteristics. Understanding the interannual variability in STUW subduction is essential for quantifying the impact of subtropical variability on the tropical Atlantic. Using the output from the ocean state estimate of the Consortium for Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO), this study investigates the interannual variability in STUW subduction from 1992 to 2016. We find that heat fluxes, wind stress, and wind stress curl cause interannual variability in the subduction rate. Heat fluxes over the subduction area modulate the sea surface buoyancy and regulate the mixed layer depth (MLD) during its deepening and shoaling phases. Additionally, the wind stress curl and zonal wind stress can modulate the size of the subduction area by regulating the probability of particles entrained into the mixed layer within 1 year of tracing. This analysis evaluates the influence of subtropical wind patterns on the South Atlantic subsurface high-salinity water mass, highlighting the impact of heat and wind on the interannual changes in the oceanic component of the hydrological cycle.
The histopathological synovitis score is influenced by biopsy location in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Mussawy Haider , Zustin Jozef , Luebke Andreas M. , Strahl André , Krenn Veit , Rüther Wolfgang , Rolvien Tim
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represent the most common forms of arthritis, which are mainly caused by mechanical and inflammatory components, respectively. Determination of synovial inflammation in synovial biopsies via the histopathological Krenn score may be crucial for correct diagnosis and treatment. Specifically, it remains unclear whether synovitis scores differ among multiple biopsy locations within a single joint.

Materials and methods

Eighty synovial samples were taken from four standardized regions of the knee in 20 patients (ten primary OA, ten secondary OA) undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total synovectomy. The Krenn synovitis score (grade 0–9) was determined in a blinded manner by two expert pathologists in all biopsies. Next to the inter-rater reliability, we evaluated the agreement of the determined scores among the four biopsy locations within each knee.

Results

The inter-rater reliability between the two pathologists was very high (Cohen’s kappa = 0.712;r = 0.946; ICC = 0.972). The mean synovitis score was significantly higher in knees with secondary than in primary OA (p = 0.026). Importantly, we found clear differences between the scores of the four different biopsy locations within the individual knee joints, with an average deviation of 10.6%. These deviations were comparable in knees with primary and secondary OA (p = 0.64).

Conclusions

While we confirmed the synovitis score as a reliable and reproducible parameter to assess the histopathological synovitis grade in the knee, the considerable variability within the joint indicates that multiple synovial biopsies from different regions should be obtained to enable reliable results of the synovitis score.
A survey of vocal health in church choir singers
Authors: Sharma Vasudha , Nayak Srikanth , Devadas Usha
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Choir singing is an important tradition of Christian worship across India. However, vocal health issues related to the church choir singers are less addressed in the literature. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of vocal symptoms, identify the variables associated with increased risk of voice problems and knowledge of factors influencing vocal health in church choir singers.

Method

One hundred and forty-eight church choir singers (61 males and 85 females) between the age range of 18 and 70 years participated in the study. They completed a self-reported questionnaire addressing demographic and singing-related details, vocal symptoms, variables associated with increased risk reporting voice problems and knowledge about factors influencing vocal health.

Result

Eighty-four percent of the choir singers reported two or more vocal symptoms sometimes or more frequently while or after singing. More than half of the church choir singers had experienced vocal symptoms such as accessing notes in the upper range, loss of vocal endurance, pitch breaks, hoarseness, dryness in the throat, and discomfort in the throat. Among the different variables, systemic hydration found to have a significant association with reporting of voice problems in church choir singers. The overall knowledge regarding the factors influencing vocal health was found to be limited among the choir singers.

Conclusion

Choir singers like other professional singers experienced a higher prevalence of vocal symptoms during or after singing and exhibited limited knowledge about factors that negatively influence vocal health. Hence, there is a need to look into these singer’s vocal requirements, who usually go unnoticed.
Methods for restoration of ki67 antigenicity in aged paraffin tissue blocks
Authors: Grillo Federica , Campora Michela , Pigozzi Simona , Bonadio Silvia , Valle Luca , Ferro Jacopo , Paudice Michele , Dose Beatrice , Mastracci Luca
Published: April 2021

Pathology archives are a treasure trove of paraffin embedded tissue spanning many years and covering a wide variety of tissues and diseases. The possibility of using old archival formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues for diagnostic updates and research projects is a widespread need and it requires archives of stable, well-preserved samples. Immunohistochemistry performed on old archival paraffin blocks may give unreliable results, in particular for some antigens, such as Ki67. In consideration of this phenomenon, our aim is to comprehensively test and identify methods which may be used to obtain Ki67 immunohistochemical reactions of good quality from old archival FFPE blocks. Various methods were tested in order to evaluate their possible efficacy in increasing Ki67 immunointensity in a collection of 40-year-old, archival blocks including re-embedding, with deeper sectioning of tissue from the block and increasing heat-based pretreatment times (20 cases) and re-processing (20 cases). All reactions were performed using an automated immunostainer and Ki67 stained immunosections compared using a visual colour-based scale (the first immunostained section was considered as baseline). The combination of deep sectioning (1000 µM) and prolonged heat-based pretreatment (64 min) markedly increased immunoreactivity for Ki67. Re-embedding and reprocessing did not have a significant effect. Large tissue samples showed heterogeneity of Ki67 immunoexpression between the periphery of the sample and the central area. In conclusion, the study defines a useful protocol to increase antigen retrieval applicable to dated archival tissues.
Shallow crystallization of eruptive magma inferred from volcanic ash microtextures: a case study of the 2018 eruption of Shinmoedake volcano, Japan
Authors: Matsumoto Keiko , Geshi Nobuo
Published: April 2021

The occurrence of groundmass crystals reveals the shallow conduit process of magmas, which affects the behavior of eruptions. Here, we analyzed groundmass microtextures of ash samples from the 2018 eruption of Shinmoedake volcano, Japan, to evaluate the change of magma ascent conditions during the eruption sequence. The eruptive activity changed from ash venting (Phase 1: March 1–6) to lava effusion with continuous ash-laden plumes (Phase 2: March 6–9) and then shifted to Vulcanian explosions (Phase 3: March 10–April 5). Non-juvenile particles were abundant in Phase 1, whereas juvenile particles were dominant in Phases 2 and 3. Vesicular juvenile particles were more abundant in Phase 2 than Phase 3. The lower microlite crystallinity and groundmass SiO2 concentrations of the vesicular particles indicate that they were sourced from magma that ascended rapidly. Abundant nanolites were observed in the black interstitial glass of juvenile particles under an optical microscope, whereas few nanolites were observed in the transparent ones. The presence of nanolites can be explained by the dehydration of silicate melt, as well as cooling and oxidation between fragmentation and quenching. Temporal changes in the ash componentry show that the eruption activity started from the erosion of the pre-existing vent plug (Phase 1), shifted to the simultaneous eruption of bubble-bearing and outgassed magmas (Phase 2), and concluded with explosions of the stagnant lava (Phase 3), thereby demonstrating the sequence of vent opening and extrusion and stagnation of magma. Therefore, ash microtextures are valuable for monitoring the shallow conduit process of eruptive magma.
Immunohistochemical analyses on two distinct internodes of stinging nettle show different distribution of polysaccharides and proteins in the cell walls of bast fibers
Authors: Faleri Claudia , Xu Xuan , Mareri Lavinia , Hausman Jean-Francois , Cai Giampiero , Guerriero Gea
Published: April 2021

Stinging nettle is a perennial herbaceous species holding value as a multi-purpose plant. Indeed, its leaves and roots are phytofactories providing functional ingredients of medicinal interest and its stems produce silky and resistant extraxylary fibers (a.k.a. bast fibers) valued in the biocomposite sector. Similarly to what is reported in other fiber crops, the stem of nettle contains both lignified and hypolignified fibers in the core and cortex, respectively, and it is therefore a useful model for cell wall research. Indeed, data on nettle stem tissues can be compared to those obtained in other models, such as hemp and flax, to support hypotheses on the differentiation and development of bast fibers. The suitability of the nettle stem as model for cell wall-related research was already validated using a transcriptomics and biochemical approach focused on internodes at different developmental stages sampled at the top, middle, and bottom of the stem. We here sought to complement and enrich these data by providing immunohistochemical and ultrastructural details on young and older stem internodes. Antibodies recognizing non-cellulosic polysaccharides (galactans, arabinans, rhamnogalacturonans) and arabinogalactan proteins were here investigated with the goal of understanding whether their distribution changes in the stem tissues in relation to the bast fiber and vascular tissue development. The results obtained indicate that the occurrence and distribution of cell wall polysaccharides and proteins differ between young and older internodes and that these changes are particularly evident in the bast fibers.
Biologically effective dose correlates with linear tumor volume changes after upfront single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery for vestibular schwannomas
Authors: Tuleasca Constantin , Faouzi Mohamed , Maeder Philippe , Maire Raphael , Knisely Jonathan , Levivier Marc
Published: April 2021

Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are benign, slow-growing tumors. Management options include observation, surgery, and radiation. In this retrospective trial, we aimed at evaluating whether biologically effective dose (BED) plays a role in tumor volume changes after single-fraction first intention stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for VS. We compiled a single-institution experience (n = 159, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland). The indication for SRS was decided after multidisciplinary discussion. Only cases with minimum 3 years follow-up were included. The Koos grading, a reliable method for tumor classification was used. Radiosurgery was performed using Gamma Knife (GK) and a uniform marginal prescription dose of 12 Gy. Mean BED was 66.3 Gy (standard deviation 3.8, range 54.1–73.9). The mean follow-up period was 5.1 years (standard deviation 1.7, range 3–9.2). The primary outcome was changes in 3D volumes after SRS as function of BED and of integral dose received by the VS. Random-effect linear regression model showed that tumor volume significantly and linearly decreased over time with higher BED (p < 0.0001). Changes in tumor volume were also significantly associated with age, sex, number of isocenters, gradient index, and Koos grade. However, the effect of BED on tumor volume change was moderated by time after SRS and Koos grade. Lower integral doses received by the VSs were inversely correlated with BED in relationship with tumor volume changes (p < 0.0001). Six (3.4%) patients needed further intervention. For patients having uniformly received the same marginal dose prescription, higher BED linearly and significantly correlated with tumor volume changes after SRS for VSs. BED could represent a potential new treatment paradigm for patients with benign tumors, such as VSs, for attaining a desired radiobiological effect. This could further increase the efficacy and decrease the toxicity of SRS not only in benign tumors but also in other SRS indications.
Correction to: Effectiveness and safety of nivolumab in patients with head and neck cancer in Japanese real‑world clinical practice: a multicentre retrospective clinical study
Authors: Hanai Nobuhiro , Shimizu Yasushi , Kariya Shin , Yasumatsu Ryuji , Yokota Tomoya , Fujii Takashi , Tsukahara Kiyoaki , Yoshida Masafumi , Hanyu Kenji , Ueda Tsutomu , Hirakawa Hitoshi , Takahashi Shunji , Ono Takeharu , Sano Daisuke , Yamauchi Moriyasu , Watanabe Akihito , Omori Koichi , Yamazaki Tomoko , Monden Nobuya , Kudo Naomi , Arai Makoto , Sakurai Daiju , Asakage Takahiro , Doi Issei , Yamada Takayuki , Homma Akihiro
Published: April 2021

The article Effectiveness and safety of nivolumab in patients with head and neck cancer in Japanese real‑world clinical practice: a multicentre retrospective clinical study, written by.
Economic evidence with respect to cost-effectiveness of the transitional care model among geriatric patients discharged from hospital to home: a systematic review
Authors: Kast Kristina , Wachter Carl-Philipp , Schöffski Oliver , Rimmele Martina
Published: April 2021

Background

The German hospital-to-home discharge management of geriatric patients has long been criticized. The implementation of the American Transitional Care Model (TCM) could help to reduce readmissions and costs. The objective of this review was to check the scientific evidence of the cost-effectiveness of the TCM.

Methods

A systematic literature search in six databases for the time period of 26 years was conducted. The studies had to meet all pre-defined inclusion criteria. The data extraction is based on a criteria chart from literature. The methodological quality was assessed using the tools of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute as well as the Consensus Health Economic Criteria list. The results transferability to German health care system was explained based on the criteria from the literature.

Results

Three American studies met all criteria. They showed partial cost analyses but no full economic analyses. It could be assumed that the economic effect of the TCM changes over time. The costs of a care coordinator could not be determined because few detailed information was reported. The TCM may have negative consequences for hospitals. The results are not transferable to Germany.

Conclusion

There is no scientific evidence for the cost-effectiveness of the defined TCM. The optimal TCM duration still needs to be clarified. A detailed overview with units and prices and an additional consideration of the hospital perspective could help to make the information more transparent when deciding about the TCM implementation. A full economic analysis under German conditions or for similar European countries is necessary.
Putting the “Love of Humanity” Back in Corporate Philanthropy: The Case of Health Grants by Corporate Foundations
Authors: Boodoo Muhammad Umar , Henriques Irene , Husted Bryan W.
Published: April 2021

With the growing call for private sector actors to address global challenges, it is necessary to first assess whether regions with the greatest needs are accessing corporate philanthropy. In this paper, we ask whether corporate philanthropy is reaching those with the greatest health-care needs. Drawing on economic geography and corporate homophily, we argue that corporate philanthropy tends to exacerbate health inequality as grants are destined for counties with fewer health problems. We test and find support for this hypothesis using data on health grants made by US corporate foundations and county-level health data. Our results that corporate health grants are less likely to go to counties which have a lower proportion of medical service providers and insured citizens suggest that corporate foundations are unwittingly complicit in worsening the resource gap between small, poor, rural counties and large, wealthy, urban counties. From an ethical perspective, we provide some guidance as to how this may be corrected.
Molecular Biology Meets Logic: Context-Sensitiveness in Focus
Authors: Boniolo Giovanni , D’Agostino Marcello , Piazza Mario , Pulcini Gabriele
Published: April 2021

Some real life processes, including molecular ones, are context-sensitive, in the sense that their outcome depends on side conditions that are most of the times difficult, or impossible, to express fully in advance. In this paper, we survey and discuss a logical account of context-sensitiveness in molecular processes, based on a kind of non-classical logic. This account also allows us to revisit the relationship between logic and philosophy of science (and philosophy of biology, in particular).
Comparing Frequency of Listener Responses Between Adolescents with and Without ASD During Conversation
Authors: Matthewman Holly , Zane Emily , Grossman Ruth
Published: April 2021

In conversation, the listener plays an active role in conversation success, specifically by providing listener feedback which signals comprehension and interest. Previous work has shown that frequency of feedback positively correlates with conversation success. Because individuals with ASD are known to struggle with various conversational skills, e.g., turn-taking and commenting, this study examines their use of listener feedback by comparing the frequency of feedback produced by 20 adolescents with ASD and 23 neurotypical (NT) adolescents. We coded verbal and nonverbal listener feedback during the time when participants were listening in a semi-structured interview with a research assistant. Results show that ASD participants produced significantly fewer instances of listener feedback than NT adolescents, which likely contributes to difficulties with social interactions.
Ceramide/protein phosphatase 2A axis is engaged in gap junction impairment elicited by PCB153 in liver stem-like progenitor cells
Authors: Squecco Roberta , Pierucci Federica , Idrizaj Eglantina , Frati Alessia , Lenci Elena , Vicenti Catia , Iachini Maria Chiara , Martinesi Maria , Garella Rachele , Baccari Maria Caterina , Francini Fabio , Meacci Elisabetta
Published: April 2021

The widespread environmental pollutant 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153) is a non-dioxin-like toxicant. It is a potential carcinogen compound able to induce gap junction (GJ) intercellular communication impairment, probably the first non-genomic event leading to tumor promotion. Although PCBs have been known for many years, the molecular mode of PCB153 action is still unclear. Recent studies from our research group have shown that the toxicant elicits a transient modulation of connexin (Cx) 43-formed GJs in hepatic stem-like WB-F344 cells involving sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) path. Taking into account that other strictly related bioactive sphingolipids, such as ceramide (Cer), may have different effects from S1P, here we aim to clarify the signaling paths engaged by PCB153 in the control of GJs, focusing primarily on the role of Cer. Accordingly, we have achieved a combined biomolecular and electrophysiological analysis of GJs in cultured WB-F344 cells treated with PCB153 at different time points. We have found that the toxicant elicited a time-dependent regulation of GJs formed by different Cx isoforms, through a transient modulation of Cer/Cer kinase (CerK) axis and, in turn, of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Our new findings demonstrate the existence of a specific molecular mechanism downstream to Cer, which distinctly affects the voltage-dependent and -independent GJs in liver stem-like cells, and open new opportunities for the identification of additional potential targets of these environmental toxicants.
Glycoconjugate vaccines against Salmonella enterica serovars and Shigella species: existing and emerging methods for their analysis
Authors: Bazhenova Aleksandra , Gao Fang , Bolgiano Barbara , Harding Stephen E.
Published: April 2021

The global spread of enteric disease, the increasingly limited options for antimicrobial treatment and the need for effective eradication programs have resulted in an increased demand for glycoconjugate enteric vaccines, made with carbohydrate-based membrane components of the pathogen, and their precise characterisation. A set of physico-chemical and immunological tests are employed for complete vaccine characterisation and to ensure their consistency, potency, safety and stability, following the relevant World Health Organization and Pharmacopoeia guidelines. Variable requirements for analytical methods are linked to conjugate structure, carrier protein nature and size andO-acetyl content of polysaccharide. We investigated a key stability-indicating method which measures the percent free saccharide ofSalmonella entericasubspeciesentericaserovar Typhi capsular polysaccharide, by detergent precipitation, depolymerisation and HPAEC-PAD quantitation. Together with modern computational approaches, a more precise design of glycoconjugates is possible, allowing for improvements in solubility, structural conformation and stability, and immunogenicity of antigens, which may be applicable to a broad spectrum of vaccines. More validation experiments are required to establish the most effective and suitable methods for glycoconjugate analysis to bring uniformity to the existing protocols, although the need for product-specific approaches will apply, especially for the more complex vaccines. An overview of current and emerging analytical approaches for the characterisation of vaccines againstSalmonellaTyphi andShigellaspecies is described in this paper. This study should aid the development and licensing of new glycoconjugate vaccines aimed at the prevention of enteric diseases.
Prophylactic negative-pressure wound therapy for prevention of surgical site infection in abdominal surgery: a nationwide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Roos Elin , Douissard Jonathan , Abbassi Ziad , Buchs Nicolas C. , Toso Christian , Ris Frédéric , Meyer Jeremy
Published: April 2021

Our objective was to determine current practice in Switzerland regarding the use of pNPWT in abdominal surgery. An online survey was carried out to evaluate the use of pNPWT among abdominal surgeons in Switzerland. One hundred and ten participants replied to the survey from 16.12.2019 to 15.01.2020. Eleven were excluded, leaving 99 responders for analysis. Seventy participants (70.7%) were using pNPWT, 3 (3%) have stopped using it and 26 (26.3%) have never used it. pNPWT was used on midline laparotomy by 63 responders (90%), closed stoma wounds by 21 (30%), closed perineal wounds by 20 (28.6%), Pfannenstiel incisions by 18 (23.7%), groin incisions by 16 (22.9%), subcostal incisions by 13 (18.6%), Mc Burney incisions by 3 (4.3%) and other incisions by 18 (25.7%). Forty-eight participants (68.6%) used pNPWT on less than 10% of patients, 14 (20%) on 10–25% of patients, six (8.6%) on 25–50% of patients and two (2.9%) on 75–100% of patients. Suggestions for improvement to pNPWT were: better sealing, recyclable system, better adaptation to the perineum, smaller device, reduced cost and possibility to check the surgical wound through the dressing. In conclusion, pNPWT is widely used among Swiss surgeons, mostly on midline incisions. However, most of them apply pNPWT on a small proportion of patients only. Suggestions for improvement were a better sealing for complex wounds, reduced cost and possibility to check the wound during the therapy.
Laparoscopic splenectomy as a definitive management option for high-grade traumatic splenic injury when non operative management is not feasible or failed: a 5-year experience from a level one trauma center with minimally invasive surgery expertise
Authors: Birindelli Arianna , Martin Matthew , Khan Mansoor , Gallo Gaetano , Segalini Edoardo , Gori Alice , Yetasook Amy , Podda Mauro , Giuliani Antonio , Tugnoli Gregorio , Lim Robert ,   TraumaLap Study Group, Cripps Michael , Gavriilidis Paschalis , Affinita Antonio , Coniglio Carlo , Catena Fausto , Tarasconi Antonio , De Simone Belinda , De’ Angelis Nicola , Ansaloni Luca , Tartaglia Dario , Coccolini Federico , Chiarugi Massimo , Agresta Ferdinando , Baiocchi Gianluca , Sganga Gabriele , Di Carlo Isidoro , Pata Francesco , Ribeiro Marcelo Augusto Fontenelle , Lima Daniel Souza , Fraga Gustavo Pereira , Pereira Bruno Monteiro , Millo Paolo , Sartelli Massimo , Tonini Valeria , Cervellera Maurizio , Sileri Pierpaolo , Del Vecchio Giovanni , Marini Pierluigi , Di Saverio Salomone
Published: April 2021

Technique, indications and outcomes of laparoscopic splenectomy in stable trauma patients have not been well described yet. All hemodynamically non-compromised abdominal trauma patients who underwent splenectomy from 1/2013 to 12/2017 at our Level 1 trauma center were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected and analysed with per-protocol and an intention-to-treat comparison between open vs laparoscopic groups. 49 splenectomies were performed (16 laparoscopic, 33 open). Among the laparoscopic group, 81% were successfully completed laparoscopically. Laparoscopy was associated with a higher incidence of concomitant surgical procedures (p 0.016), longer operative times, but a significantly faster return of bowel function and oral diet without reoperations. No significant differences were demonstrated in morbidity, mortality, length of stay, or long-term complications, although laparoscopic had lower surgical site infection (0 vs 21%).The isolated splenic injury sub-analysis included 25 splenectomies,76% (19) open and 24% (6) laparoscopic and confirmed reduction in post-operative morbidity (40 vs 57%), blood transfusion (0 vs 48%), ICU admission (20 vs 57%) and overall LOS (7 vs 9 days) in the laparoscopic group. Laparoscopic splenectomy is a safe and effective technique for hemodynamically stable patients with splenic trauma and may represent an advantageous alternative to open splenectomy in terms of post-operative recovery and morbidity.
Nitrogen Fixation and Diazotroph Community in the Subarctic Sea of Japan and Sea of Okhotsk
Authors: Sato Takuya , Shiozaki Takuhei , Taniuchi Yukiko , Kasai Hiromi , Takahashi Kazutaka
Published: April 2021

Nitrogen‐fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) significantly influence marine productivity by converting N2 gas into bioavailable nitrogen. Recent studies revealed that nitrogen fixation occurs in both warm oligotroph and colder and/or N‐rich water; however, little is known about the spatial variability of nitrogen fixation activity and diazotroph diversity in cold waters. In this study, we examined the nitrogen fixation activity and diazotroph community structure in the subarctic waters around Hokkaido in northern Japan, including the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the North Pacific Ocean. Nitrogen fixation activity was detected at temperatures ranging from −1.1 to 15.6°C and was significantly related to high salinity and high temperature, which characterize the Tsushima Warm Current. The highest recorded nitrogen fixation activity (5.42 nmol N L−1 d−1) was comparable to that of subtropical regions. Diazotrophs usually reported in subtropical regions dominated the diazotroph communities and were likely advected from the upstream area of the Tsushima Warm Current—a tributary of the Kuroshio Current. In particular, the nifH abundance of the most dominant diazotroph—the symbiotic cyanobacterium UCYN‐A1—showed a significant positive relationship with nitrogen fixation rate. We also detected a diazotroph community and low but active nitrogen fixation in the N‐rich waters sourced from the Sea of Okhotsk, which infers the influence of both advected and indigenous diazotrophs on the regional nitrogen fixation. Although further research is needed, our study points toward the widespread distribution of diazotrophy in the Sea of Okhotsk.
Generation of Realizations of Electron Density for Numerical Electromagnetic Propagation Simulations
Authors: Knepp Dennis L. , Sotnikov Vladimir I.
Published: April 2021

In this study, we use a collection of Gaussian striations to generate random realizations of a disturbed ionosphere. The formalism is developed here to create a two‐dimensional realization of electron density by summing a large number of Gaussian striations, uniformly distributed in space and with a given probability density function of their radii. We analytically calculate the power spectral density (PSD) of the electron‐density fluctuations generated and show that it matches the form often observed in the natural ionosphere of a single‐component power‐law between inner and outer scale. A second probability density function of striation radii is studied that leads to a power‐law form for the autocorrelation function of in‐situ irregularities. An example of electromagnetic propagation using a multiple phase screen simulation with phase screens produced from Gaussian striations is compared to a similar example using statistical phase screens chosen to model the same situation.
Retarding effect of dietary fibers from bamboo shoot (Phyllostachys edulis) in hyperlipidemic rats induced by a high-fat diet
Authors: Li Qi , Fang Xiangjun , Chen Hangjun , Han Yanchao , Liu Ruiling , Wu Weijie , Gao Haiyan
Published: April 2021

Dietary fibers from bamboo shoot (Phyllostachys edulis) showed a hyperlipidemia prevention effect in high-fat diet induced rats.
Theoretical perspective on the luminescence mechanism of a hybridized local and charge transfer state emitter with aggregation induced emission: a QM/MM study
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Gao Xingguo , Leng Jiancai , Fan Jianzhong
Published: April 2021

Relationship among basic molecular structures and intermolecular interactions as well as AIE–HLCT mechanisms are theoretically revealed.
Highly active ultrafine Pd NPs confined in imine-linked COFs for nitrobenzene hydrogenation
Authors: Li Chunzhi , Ren Xiaomin , Guo Miao , Li Weijian , Li He , Yang Qihua
Published: April 2021

Ultrafine Pd NPs with an average size of 1.8 nm were stabilized on an imine-linked COF. The Pd/COF with electron rich surface properties and a high surface area showed high catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene.
Two-dimensional imine-based covalent–organic-framework derived nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanosheets for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Guo Chaofei , Xu Jiaojiao , Lv Li-Ping , Chen Shuangqiang , Sun Weiwei , Wang Yong
Published: April 2021

COF-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanosheets with S loading achieve high capacities and good long-cycling performance for lithium–sulfur batteries.
Effect of physiochemical properties in biomass-derived materials caused by different synthesis methods and their electrochemical properties in supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Hanfang , Zhang Yihe , Bai Liqi , Zhang Yingge , Sun Li
Published: April 2021

Effects of different synthesis methods on physicochemical properties of biomass-derived materials.
Stable down-conversion white light-emitting devices based on highly luminescent copper halides synthesized at room temperature
Authors: Wang Lin-Tao , Ma Zhuang-Zhuang , Zhang Fei , Wang Meng , Chen Xu , Wu Di , Tian Yong-Tao , Li Xin-Jian , Shi Zhi-Feng
Published: April 2021

Blue-emissive Cs3Cu2I5 and yellow-emissive CsCu2I3 microscale crystals were synthesized by a facile supersaturated recrystallization method at room temperature, and a stable WLED was demonstrated by using both materials as down-conversion phosphors.
Sodium Aminodiboranate, a New Reagent for Chemoselective Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones to Alcohols
Authors: Chen Xuenian , Wang Jin , Guo Yu , Li Shouhu
Published: April 2021

Sodium aminodiboranate (NaNH2(BH3)2, NaADBH) is a new member of the old borane family, which exhibits superior performance in chemoselective reduction. Experimental results show that NaADBH can rapidly reduce aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding alcohols in high efficiency and selectivity under mild conditions. There are little steric and electronic effects on this reduction.
Uterine Artery Embolization for Management of Placenta Accreta, a Single-center Experience and Literature Review
Authors: Noufaily Abdallah , Achou Raja , Ashram Mitri , Mokbel Miziana , Dabaj Emile , Snaifer Elie , Chamsuddin Abbas A.
Published: April 2021

“Morbidly adherent placenta” is a term that describes the continuum of placenta accreta, increta, and percreta. Placenta accreta is the least invasive form, whereas placenta percreta represents a complete penetration of the trophoblast through the uterus that reaches the serosal surface and potentially invades the bladder, rectal wall, and pelvic vessels. Leaving the placenta in situ in the setting of abnormally invasive placenta is now widely practiced. We herein present three cases of abnormal placental implantation diagnosed by antenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, in which uterine artery embolization was performed to induce placental infarction and eventually rapid regression but most importantly to minimize peripartum and postpartum bleeding. As we do this, we sought to review the risks of placenta accreta, increta, and percreta and evaluate the role of endovascular therapy to improve maternal outcomes when abnormal placental implantation occurs.
Flemingia strobilifera (wild hops).
Authors: Pasiecznik Nick , Rojas-Sandoval Julissa
Published: April 2021

A datasheet on Flemingia strobilifera covering, as an economically important tree, its taxonomy, importance, silviculture, distribution, biology and ecology, uses, products and pests.
Grevillea robusta (silky oak).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa
Published: April 2021

G. robusta has gained widespread popularity in warm temperate, subtropical and tropical highland regions of many countries, originally as a shade tree for tea and coffee and now as an agroforestry tree for small farms (Harwood, 1989). It provides economically valuable products including timber, poles, firewood and leaf mulch; it is easy to propagate and establish and is relatively free of pests and diseases; its proteoid roots help it grow in low-fertility soils; it does not compete strongly with adjacent crops; and it tolerates heavy pruning of its roots and branches. With its fern-like pinnate leaves and prominent attractive, orange flowers, it is also popular as an ornamental. As a consequence of its colonizing abilities, G. robusta may become a noxious weed in favourable conditions.
Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry).
Authors: Areces-Berazain Fabiola
Published: April 2021

M. calabura is a small, fast-growing tree reaching 8-13 m in height, occurring widely in the lowland humid tropics up to 1500 m altitude. It self-seeds freely, regenerates rapidly under most soil conditions, including alkaline and saline soils, coppices well, and tolerates drought, shade and weeds.
Vernicia fordii (tung-oil tree).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro
Published: April 2021

V. fordii is a fast-growing species grown mainly for high oil production in plantations and in agroforestry systems. Its natural distribution covers southern China, northern Vietnam, Myanmar, the Korean Republic and Taiwan. It produces a high quality tung oil which is widely used in the paint industry. There are more than 100 cultivars throughout southern China. It is widely planted in Europe, the Russian Federation, parts of Asia, Africa, tropical South America and New Zealand. Breeding strategies and development of new uses should be given a high priority in future.
Schefflera actinophylla (umbrella tree).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro
Published: April 2021

A datasheet on Schefflera actinophylla covering, as an economically important tree, its taxonomy, importance, silviculture, distribution, biology and ecology, uses, products and pests.
Senna multijuga (November shower).
Authors: Datiles Marianne Jennifer , Acevedo-Rodrígue Pedro
Published: April 2021

S. multijuga, a tree native to the neotropics, ranges in size at maturity from 6-40 m, although more commonly it takes the form of a medium, slender tree ranging from 6-15 m with a wide-spreading crown (Irwin and Barneby, 1982; Killeen et al., 1993; Parrotta et al., 1995). Many flaky lenticels cover the thin bark. Bark cuts produce an unpleasant smell. The dark green leaves are compound and alternate and grow up to 30 cm, with 25 pairs of opposed or sub-opposed leaflets varying in size and number. Yellow flowers are produced which also vary in size. Seeds are produced in flat, red to purple pods. The narrow, oblong seeds are compressed, range from 1.5-2.1 mm in size, and have a pale, brownish-grey testa (Irwin and Barneby, 1982). Within its natural distribution, a profuse bloom of bright yellow flowers usually occurs during the middle to late rainy season. Seed dormancy is common, although the time that seeds remain viable in the soil is not known. Research has shown that mechanical scarification of the seeds greatly increases germination rate (Lemos Filho et al., 1997). Although the species is relatively disease-free, there are a number of bruchid beetles that predate upon the seeds (Ribeiro and Reynaud, 1998).
Assessing post‐game emotions in soccer teams: The role of distinct emotional dynamics
Authors: Rumbold James L. , Newman James A. , Foster David , Rhind Daniel J. A. , Phoenix Jack , Hickey Lorcan
Published: April 2021

This study examined the relationships between team (n = 10) and player post‐game emotions following two consecutive games. In addition, the relationship between emotional contagion susceptibility and player post‐game emotions was assessed. Applying an experience sampling methodology, male amateur and semi‐professional soccer players (N = 114, M age = 25.46 years, SD = 9.24) completed a sport emotion questionnaire shortly after the conclusion of two competitive games. Participants also completed a dispositional emotional contagion questionnaire prior to post‐game data collection. Multilevel regressions revealed that teams’ collective post‐game emotions were strongly associated with players’ post‐game emotions, after accounting for within‐ (e.g. time, game outcome) and between‐person (e.g. formal leaders, emotional contagion susceptibility) differences. In addition, partial support was found to indicate that emotional contagion susceptibility was associated with players’ post‐game emotions. In this context of soccer, the findings suggest that collective emotions following a game are more indicative of individual players’ emotions than an individual's general tendency to mimic the emotions of others. From an applied perspective, the findings demonstrate the importance of coaches and players being mindful of the team's emotional climate after a game and the impact it may have on players, especially when that climate is negative.

Highlights

We assessed the relationship between soccer team (n = 10) and player (N = 114) post‐game emotions.

We also assessed how emotional contagion susceptibility was linked to post‐game emotions.

Multilevel regressions revealed that team's collective post‐game emotions are more indicative of players' post‐game emotions than a player's emotional contagion susceptibility.