bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bifunctional Imidazole Cross‐Linked Anion Exchange Membrane Based on Quaternized Chitosan With High Performance
Authors: Cui Yuying , Wang Lulu , Zhang Yang , Li Shuang , Zhang Fan , Wang Jilin
Published: January 2025

Developing novel anion‐exchange membranes (AEMs) that feature superior hydroxide conductivity and excellent alkaline stability poses a major challenge. Among different kinds, cross‐linked AEMs enjoy the highest popularity, thanks to their uncomplicated fabrication procedures and outstanding stability. However, it is noteworthy that in the majority of instances, the employment of covalent cross‐linking methods often plunges AEMs into a conductivity‐stability conundrum. That is to say, when efforts are made to boost the conductivity, the stability tends to be compromised, and conversely, attempts to enhance stability might adversely affect conductivity. To tackle the conductivity‐stability issue faced by conventional covalent cross‐linked AEMs, within this research, innovative bifunctional imidazole cross‐linking agents that carry imidazole cations were synthesized using N‐(3‐aminopropyl)‐imidazole and 3‐chloropropylamine. Following that, these agents were then utilized to manufacture high‐performance cross‐linked quaternized chitosan (QCS) membranes. The bifunctional cross‐linker was able to furnish an ionic 3‐D network, further promoting the formation of microphase separation morphology and a densely cross‐linked structure, thereby bringing about both excellent conductivity and alkaline stability. The as‐prepared QCS‐MI0.3 AEM exhibited a relatively low swelling ratio of 29.7% at 80°C, along with outstanding conductivity reaching 128.83 mS cm−1 at the same temperature. Moreover, it demonstrated remarkable alkaline stability, with 92% of its conductivity retained after being immersed in 6 M KOH at 80°C for 168 h. Meanwhile, the single cell built upon the QCS‐MI0.3 AEM likewise showcased remarkable fuel cell performance, achieving a power output of 518.08 mW cm−2 at 80°C, and exhibited excellent durability as well. This research effort devised a novel approach for synthesizing high‐performance cross‐linked AEMs, which further augmented the application potential of QCS‐based AEMs in the realm of fuel cells.
Effects of 60 Hz Non‐ Uniform Electromagnetic Fields on Tomato (cv L‐05) Seed Germination, Photosynthesis and Seedling Growth Under Salt Stress Conditions
Authors: Alemán Elizabeth Isaac , Díaz Rangel Sierra , Dubois Albys Ferrer , Boix Yilan Fung , Aguilera Jorge González , Zuffo Alan Mario , Steiner Fábio
Published: January 2025

Effects of 60 Hz non‐uniform electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on the tomato (cv. L‐05) seed germination, photosynthesis, and seedling growth under salt stress and laboratory conditions were investigated. A previous trial investigated the impact of salt stress levels (0, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mM NaCl) on tomato seeds, and the 100 mM NaCl level was selected to study the effects of EMFs in attenuating salinity stress on germination, physiology, and growth of tomato seedlings. In the second experiment, untreated seeds and seeds treated with nonuniform EMFs of 2, 4 and 6 mT for 9 min were exposed to a 100 mM NaCl saline solution (SS). The results of the first bioassay showed that the addition of SS drastically reduced the germination percentage (67%), mean germination time (54%), mean germination speed (69%), germination rate index (39%), and germination vigor (78%) of tomato seeds when compared to the control treatment. In the second experimental trial, the effect of pretreatment of tomato seeds with EMFs of 2 or 4 mT for 9 min exposed to SS stress revealed a significant increase in the germination percentage (224%–226%) and germination rate (128%–151%). Salinity stress drastically reduced the tomato seed germination while 60 Hz nonuniform EMFs induced a mitigating response of tomato seeds under salinity stress to improve the germination, photosynthesis, and seedling growth. The 60 Hz nonuniform EMFs of 4mT for 9 min showed the best biological responses under salinity stress. Applied EMFs to tomato seeds protect tomato plants under salinity stress. Bioelectromagnetics. 00:00–00, 2024. © 2024 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Prognostic Factors for Survival in Adults With Burkitt Lymphoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: de Armas‐Castellano Aythami , Infante‐Ventura Diego , del Pino‐Sedeño Tasmania , Hernández Yadira González , Quiros Raul , León‐Salas Beatriz , Ribrag Vincent , Trujillo‐Martín María M. ,   ERN EuroBlood Working Group
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Several studies have identified prognostic factors (PFs) for disease progression and mortality among adults with BL. However, there is no consensus on risk stratification based on PFs. This study aims to identify, critically assess, and synthesize the available evidence on PFs for survival in adults with BL.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted. Medline, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched from inception to February 22, 2022. Randomized or non‐randomized clinical trials and longitudinal observational studies were eligible for inclusion. Reference screening, data extraction, and risk‐of‐bias assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate. Publication bias was examined by visual inspection of funnel plots. Meta‐analyses were conducted when appropriate using Review Manager 5. The certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE.

Results

The search identified 1119 references. Of these, 76 papers were selected for full‐text assessment and 36 studies (N = 10,882) reported in 39 articles were eligible for inclusion. Older age, higher performance status, and central nervous system involvement were associated with poorer overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). Black patients exhibited significantly lower OS and relative survival. Bone marrow involvement and higher albumin levels were associated with poorer OS. Treatment with rituximab, and with methotrexate were associated with better OS and PFS.

Conclusion

This study provides a comprehensive and methodologically rigorous evidence review on PFs in adults with BL. Several significant associations of PFs and survival estimates were observed, therefore, providing data to inform treatment decisions and to improve patient care.
Creating an Anthropomorphic Folktale Animal: A Pilot Study on Character Design Creativity Derived From Autonomous Behavior Generation Powered by Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Yang Hongju , Hong Seung Wan
Published: January 2025

Popular in fantasy films, games, and extended reality, anthropomorphic animals often rely on animator creativity and real animal observation for behavior visualization. This artistic approach captures emotional traits but lacks uncovering diverse, unanticipated behaviors beyond creators' concepts. To enrich character design, this study employs reinforcement learning (RL) agent simulation to explore the autonomous behavior and unexpected responses of the nine‐tailed Fox Sister from Korean folklore. As a method, the agent, with a physics‐based controller and skeletal joints, uses hybrid action control to transition between bipedal and quadrupedal actions based on the environment. In result, RL character frequently exhibits behavioral shifts, including unexpected actions in response to training steps and terrain complexities like slopes and hurdles, distinguishing them from animation‐based finite‐state machines. Additionally, this study validates impacts of RL character on character design creativity. To investigate such unknown impacts, this study conducts a comparative pilot study that recruits five character designers under use and nonuse scenario of RL character. Analysis indicates that RL character promotes creativity of character design, conceptualization, and development of scenario and character's attribute. This study highlights RL's potential for visualizing diverse inspirational behaviors of folkloric creatures by simulating interactions between body structure, motion, and environment.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Novel Pongamia pinnata Derived Herbal Mouth‐Dissolving Film for Treating Oral Disorders and Evaluating Its Anticancer Properties
Authors: Prajapati Devang , Hakim Masuma , Patel Margi , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Alfarraj Saleh , Chauhan Sanjay , Bhatt Vaibhav , Yadav Virendra Kumar , Sahoo Dipak Kumar , Thummar Kashyap , Patel Ashish
Published: January 2025

The present study aimed to optimize a mouth‐dissolving film (MDF) made from Pongamia pinnata stem bark extract to increase patient compliance and accelerate oral disease therapy. Several stem bark extracts were prepared, and karanjin was used as an herbal marker for the extracts. The ethanolic extract showed the maximum yield (12.10% ± 0.09%) and cytotoxic activity against human oral cancer (KB 3‐1) and embryonic kidney cell lines. The MDF formulation was focused on incorporating a fixed amount of the extract and varying concentrations of HPMC E5 polymer, along with evaluating the performance of plasticizers like PEG 400 and propylene glycol (PG). An optimized formulation was determined based on disintegration time, wetting time, and folding endurance. The formulation consisted of HPMC E5 as a film‐forming polymer, PG as a superior plasticizer, ascorbic acid as an antioxidant, and other ingredients contributing to solubility, dispersion, sweetening, and appearance. High‐performance thin‐layer chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis confirmed higher levels of karanjin in the optimized formulation, ensuring its successful incorporation and stability. Taste masking evaluations indicate a favorable taste profile and a high potential for patient compliance. The stability study displayed no significant changes in the physical characteristics of the film, affirming its stability and quality. In conclusion, the developed herbal‐based optimized MDF presents a promising drug delivery system, offering enhanced patient compliance, taste masking, and stability. The MDF holds great potential for effective treatment and management of oral diseases, providing convenience and improved therapeutic outcomes.
The Impact of Permanent Pacemaker Implantation After TAVI on Mortality and Quality of Life: A POPular TAVI Substudy
Authors: van Nuland P. J. A. , Halim J. , van Ginkel D. J. , Overduin D. C. , Brouwer J. , Nijenhuis V. J. , van't Hof A. W. J. , Tonino P. A. L. , ten Berg J. M. , Vriesendorp P. A.
Published: January 2025

Background

Conduction disturbances are common after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and frequently require permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI). Data regarding its impact on mortality and morbidity are conflicting. This study aims to assess the impact of PPI before or within 30 days after TAVI on mortality and health‐related Quality of Life (QoL) during the first year after TAVI.

Methods

In this POPular TAVI substudy, 978 patients were included and categorized into three groups: Neither PPI before or within 30 days after TAVI (no PPI, n = 779), PPI before TAVI (PPI pre‐TAVI, n = 102), PPI within 30 days after TAVI (PPI post‐TAVI, n = 97). All‐cause death and cardiac death were evaluated at 1 year. QoL was assessed using the SF‐12 and EQ‐5D‐5L questionnaires at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months.

Results

At 1‐year, all‐cause death was seen in 6.9% (PPI pre‐TAVI, p = 0.53) and 10.3% (PPI post‐TAVI, p = 0.66) of the patients compared to 8.7% of the patients (no PPI). Cardiac death was observed in 4.9% (PPI pre‐TAVI, p = 0.58) and 6.2% (PPI post‐TAVI, p = 0.94) of the patients compared to 6.2% of patients (no PPI). Regarding QoL, the PPI pre‐TAVI group showed lower PCS‐12 over time compared to the no PPI group (p = 0.04), while MCS‐12, EQ‐5D Index and EQ‐5D VAS scores were equal. No significant differences in QoL were seen between the PPI post‐TAVI group and the no PPI group.

Conclusion

PPI before or within 30 days after TAVI was not associated with increased mortality within 1 year. PPI pre‐TAVI was associated with lower physical QoL.
Cooperative Vinylogous Enamine and Metal Catalysis
Authors: Brenner‐Moyer Stacey E.
Published: January 2025

Since the first report of a dienamine‐catalyzed transformation in 2006, vinylogous enamine catalysis has been employed in conjunction with select transition metal (Cu, Ru, Pd, Ir) and lanthanide (Dy, Yb) catalysts to harness new reactivity. Collectively, these transformations have enabled alkylation and allylation at the α, γ, and ε‐positions of unsaturated aldehydes and ketones, γ‐oxyamination of enals, as well as dimerization and the formation of cyclic products via cascade reactions. In addition to their synthetic utility, these functionalization's have demonstrated the broad compatibility of vinylogous enamine intermediates with metal‐catalyzed processes spanning single electron transfer (SET), photoredox catalysis, and alkene activation. Reviewed herein are examples that have emerged since that first report in 2006.
Mechanistic Insights into the Apoptosis of Cancer Cells Induced by a Kinase‐Responsive Peptide Amphiphile
Authors: Shimizu Natsumi , Kanemitsu Sayuki , Umemura Riku , Yashiro Tomoko , Kawabata Ryoko , Nishimura Kanon , Kawasaki Shinya , Morita Kenta , Aoi Takashi , Maruyama Tatsuo
Published: January 2025

Organelle targeting is a useful approach in drug development for cancer therapy. Peptide amphiphiles are good candidates for targeting specific organelles because they can be engineered into a wide range of molecular structures, enabling customization for specific functional needs. We have developed a peptide amphiphile, C16‐(EY)3, that can respond to tyrosine kinase activity and undergo phosphorylation inside cancer cells. C16‐(EY)3 selectively induced apoptosis in cancer cells that overexpressed tyrosine kinase. The self‐assembly of peptide amphiphiles on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane reduced the ER membrane fluidity and triggered ER stress. The mechanism of the cancer cell death induced by C16‐(EY)3 was shown to involve phosphorylation by tyrosine kinase, ER stress induction, and the subsequent activation of caspase‐4, −12, and −9, which ultimately triggered apoptosis through the activation of caspase‐3 and −7. In vivo studies further validated the antitumor efficacy of C16‐(EY)3, as transcutaneous administration of the peptide amphiphile inhibited tumor growth in mice. This study elucidated the mechanism of apoptosis induced by the peptide amphiphile, indicating the potential of peptide amphiphiles as organelle‐targeting cancer therapeutics and providing a novel strategy for the development of selective and potent anticancer drugs.
Exploring Single Atom Substitution In Phenanthro[9,10‐d]Imidazole ‐Based D–π–A Architectures with Fluorene and its Heteroanalogs for Non‐Volatile Resistive WORM Memory Device Applications
Authors: Akshaya Madanan , Gayathri Ramesh , Mohamed Imran Predhanekar , Nagarajan Samuthira
Published: January 2025

A series of D–π–A compounds, with fluorene and its heteroanalogs (carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene) as the donor units and phenanthroimidazole as the acceptor, were designed and synthesized for non‐volatile memory device applications. The effect of single‐atom substitution on memory behavior was examined through optical, electrochemical, and computational studies. The photophysical studies confirm a significant intramolecular charge transfer from the donor to the acceptor unit, and the electrochemical analysis shows an irreversible anodic peak (0.99–1.21 V) with an optimal band gap ranging from 2.80 to 2.88 eV. All the compounds exhibited non‐volatile binary WORM memory behaviour with an ON/OFF current ratio of 105 and 103. The devices also showed excellent stability over 100 cycles and maintained a retention time of 4000 s. Notably, the compound with carbazole substitution displayed a lower threshold voltage and a higher ON/OFF current ratio of 105. Density functional theory calculations confirmed that the combined effects of charge transfer and charge trapping mechanisms are crucial to the resistive switching mechanisms observed. This work highlights the potential of single atom substitution in D–π–A systems, providing valuable insights for designing high‐performance data storage devices.
pH‐Controlled DNA Switching Circuits with Multi‐State Responsiveness for Logic Computation and Control
Authors: Shi Peijun , Zhang Xiaokang , Cui Shuang , Sun Lijun , Liu Xin , Wang Bin , Zhang Qiang
Published: January 2025

Dynamic control of DNA circuit functionality is essential for constructing chemical reaction networks (CRNs) that implement complex functions. The triplex has been utilized for dynamically regulating the diverse functionalities of DNA circuits due to its distinctive pH responsiveness. However, it is challenging for triplexes to independently regulate the functionality of DNA circuits, as various triplexes were often required for DNA circuits to function in complex environments, which adds complexity to the design and control of dynamic circuits. Here, we proposed a pH‐controlled multi‐state DNA switching circuit construction strategy to realize dynamic regulation among three states through conformational transitions of the triplex. In addition, by leveraging the regulatory role of multi‐state DNA switching circuits on the toehold‐mediated strand displacement reaction, we constructed switchable DNA circuits for logic computation and control of hybridization chain reaction (HCR). We confirmed that the designed DNA switching circuits exhibited multi‐state responsiveness, allowing for different logical operations at varying pH levels and programmable control of the diverse reaction pathways in the HCR. Our strategy offers a convenient approach for the intelligent response and dynamic regulation of large‐scale CRNs and DNA nanostructure self‐assembly. It promises applications in biosensing, disease detection and drug delivery.
DNA damage response and repair gene mutations predict clinical outcomes in biliary tract cancer
Authors: Tan Sirui , Feng Mingyang , Zhou Nan , Zhang Shunyu , Yi Cheng , Gou Hongfeng
Published: January 2025

Background

This study aims to explore the genetic characteristics of biliary tract cancer (BTC), with a particular focus on the impact of DNA damage response and repair (DDR) genes on clinical outcomes.

Methods

A total of 180 patients with BTC and next‐generation sequencing data were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical outcomes were compared between DDR‐positive and DDR‐negative groups.

Results

DDR mutations were found in 28.3% of patients, with ATM (7.8%), BAP1 (5.6%), and BRCA2 (3.3%) being the most common. DDR‐positive patients receiving first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy (n = 73) had a signiﬁcantly higher objective response rate (50.0% vs. 14.9 %; p = .001), longer median progression‐free survival (mPFS) (7.7 vs. 3.8 months; p = .001) and longer median overall survival (28.6 vs. 11.9 months; p < .001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that deleterious DDR gene mutations were independently associated with prolonged mPFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.37; 95% CI, 0.20–0.67; p < .001) and median overall survival (mOS) (HR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.08–0.46; p < .001). In 56 patients receiving immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy, DDR‐positive patients had a signiﬁcantly higher overall response rate (45% vs. 8.3%; p = .001), longer mPFS (7.7 vs. 3.8 months; p = .009), and longer mOS (12.7 vs. 8.8 months; p = .011). Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of deleterious DDR gene mutations was associated with significantly longer mPFS (HR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.16–0.73); p = .005] and mOS (HR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.08–0.62; p = .004).

Conclusion

Deleterious DDR gene mutations are associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with BTC treated with platinum‐based chemotherapy or immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy.
Practical management of adverse events in patients receiving tarlatamab, a delta‐like ligand 3–targeted bispecific T‐cell engager immunotherapy, for previously treated small cell lung cancer
Authors: Sands Jacob M. , Champiat Stéphane , Hummel Horst‐Dieter , Paulson Kelly G. , Borghaei Hossein , Alvarez Jean Bustamante , Carbone David P. , Carlisle Jennifer W. , Choudhury Noura J. , Clarke Jeffrey M. , Gadgeel Shirish M. , Izumi Hiroki , Navarro Alejandro , Lau Sally C. M. , Lammers Philip E. , Huang Shuang , Hamidi Ali , Mukherjee Sujoy , Owonikoko Taofeek K.
Published: January 2025

Tarlatamab is a bispecific T‐cell engager immunotherapy targeting delta‐like ligand 3 (DLL3) and the cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) molecule. In the phase 2 DeLLphi‐301 trial of tarlatamab for patients with previously treated small cell lung cancer, tarlatamab 10 mg every 2 weeks achieved durable responses and encouraging survival outcomes. Analyses of updated safety data from the DeLLphi‐301 trial demonstrated that the most common treatment‐emergent adverse events were cytokine release syndrome (53%), pyrexia (38%), decreased appetite (36%), dysgeusia (32%), and an emia (30%). Cytokine release syndrome was mostly grade 1 or 2 in severity, occurred primarily after the first or second tarlatamab dose, and was managed with supportive care, which included the administration of antipyretics (e.g., acetaminophen), intravenous hydration, and/or glucocorticoids. Other treatment‐emergent adverse effects of interest included neutropenia (16%) and immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome and associated neurologic events (10%). Given that tarlatamab is the first T‐cell engager approved for the treatment of small cell lung cancer, raising awareness with regard to the monitoring and management of tarlatamab‐associated adverse events is essential. Here, the authors describe the timing, occurrence, and duration of these adverse events and review the management and risk‐mitigation strategies used by clinical investigators during the DeLLphi‐301 trial.
Design a Functional Graphene with Decoration of Dual Transition Metal Dopants for Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Yang Cheng‐Fang , Yang Fei , Feng Zi‐Yang , Fu Rui‐Yi , Xu Chang‐Chun , Su Chao , Kong Wei , Xiao Bei‐Bei
Published: January 2025

Since hydrogen is a promising alternative to fossil fuels due to its high energy density and environmental friendliness, water electrolysis for hydrogen production has received widespread attentions wherein the development of active and stable catalytic materials is a key research direction. This article designs a dual transition metal doped functional graphene for hydrogen evolution reaction via density functional theory calculations. Among varied combinations, 16 candidates are screened out that are expected to be stable as reflected by the criterion of formation energy Ef<0 and active due to its free energy of hydrogen adsorption ▵GH within the window of ±0.3 eV. Considering its feasibility in structural modification and electronic adjustment due to the strong dd orbital couplings, the homogeneous dual‐atom moiety delivers improved performance toward hydrogen evolution in comparison with the single‐atom counterpart. Owing to the good resistance of electrochemical dissolution, the work figures out the potential combinations of Cu2C3N3, Rh2C6, Rh2C3N3 and Rh2N6 endowed with the ▵GH values of −0.03, 0.12, −0.21, and 0.06 eV, respectively, being comparable to the benchmark Pt materials. Therefore, this study provides a new direction for the experimental synthesis of highly active carbon‐based electrocatalysts and highlights the well‐tuning ability posed by the dual‐atom interaction.
Integrated Longitudinal Population Dose‐Hemoglobin Response of Daprodustat Following Dose Titration in Patients With Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Mahar Kelly M. , van Noort Martijn , van den Berg Paul , Yang Shuying , Visser Sandra A. G. , Post Teun M.
Published: January 2025

Daprodustat, a novel oral hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor is approved in the United States for the treatment of anemia due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults receiving dialysis for at least 4 months. Pharmacodynamic dose‐hemoglobin (Dose‐Hgb) models were developed as daprodustat progressed through development. To support global phase III development, a dose‐titration algorithm, guided by simulations from the initial Dose‐Hgb model based on phase II clinical data, was implemented. This work was to update and re‐calibrate this model to support the dose titration algorithm. Data from five pivotal phase III studies in CKD patients with anemia treated with daprodustat once daily (q.d.) and/or three times a week (t.i.w.) using a titration dosing schedule were included. The data comprised 2,770 CKD patients with anemia providing 53,535 Hgb observations over a period of 6 months up to 4 years. This final Dose‐Hgb model consisted of a precursor cell compartment and 12 transit compartments to describe the red blood cell (RBC) lifespan. Treatment increased the precursor cell production rate (Kin) by a power of allometrically scaled dose. Disease progression, as an exponential decline of Hgb production rate over time, varied with dialysis status. The dose‐titration algorithm resulted in comparable response for t.i.w. dosing relative to q.d. dosing. Titration‐based visual predictive checks for Hgb target criteria for the analysis dataset and the prediction dataset showed that the model adequately predicted the observed data. This re‐calibrated Dose‐Hgb model will provide further support for the individualized dosing strategy in CKD patients with anemia treated with daprodustat.
IQ Survey Results on Current Industry Practices—Part 1: Immunogenicity Risk Assessment
Authors: Grimaldi Christine , Richards Susan , Baltrukonis Daniel , Sims Belouski Shelley , Coble Kelly , Dholakiya Sanjay L. , Grudzinska‐Goebel Joanna , Kolaitis Gerry , Leu Jocelyn H. , Luo Linlin , Lowe Stephen , Niu Tao , Toft‐Hansen Henrik , Yang Jianning , Wu Benjamin
Published: January 2025

An immunogenicity risk assessment (IRA) is a relatively new expectation of health authorities that is increasingly incorporated into the drug development process across the pharmaceutical/biotech industry. The guiding principle for an IRA includes a comprehensive evaluation of product‐ and patient‐related factors that may influence the immunogenic potential of a biotherapeutic drug and a potential action plan. The Immunogenicity Working Group from the IQ Consortium (Clinical Pharmacology Leadership Group) has conducted a survey to understand the current practices for conducting IRAs and relevant aspects of bioanalysis. Survey results were provided by 19 IQ member companies participating in the Clinical Pharmacology Leadership Group (CPLG) and the Translational and ADME Sciences Leadership Group (TALG). Nearly all the respondents reported experience with monoclonal antibodies (mAb), with 10 other drug modalities including bioengineered protein therapeutics such as fusion and multi‐domain proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides as well as gene and cell therapies. The survey results demonstrate that most companies have a defined IRA process, and there was a common understanding that the IRA may need to be revised as more information becomes available or the drug development strategy changes. Some differences found across the respondents are related to the time frame for implementation of IRA document, the types of preclinical data and computational methods used to assess risk, and how the IRA informs clinical plans and documentation practices. These results highlight that while there have been widespread insights gained with performing IRA for mAbs, more experience is needed to perform IRAs for the novel modalities.
Two Decades of Research on the Relation of CSR With Earnings Management: Mapping Heterogeneity and Future AGENDA
Authors: Jhunjhunwala Shital , Fatima Sidra
Published: January 2025

This literature review uses a blend of systematic literature review and thematic analysis to explore the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and earnings management (EM). The literature review search is guided by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) and analyses 94 Scopus‐indexed articles ranging from 2008 to 2023. The paper reveals the most influential articles and authors, leading countries, and journals. The paper also comprehends that research on this topic needs to be clarified, with some studies suggesting a positive relationship between CSR practices and EM while others point to a negative correlation. Then, again, other research indicates mixed findings, suggesting this relationship might be more complicated and context‐dependent. In addition to highlighting the significance of considering contextual factors, the review attempts to identify the sources of heterogeneity in these findings. We also present an explanatory framework primarily ignored in previous studies to understand the sources of heterogeneity. The review also points out gaps in existing literature and suggests avenues for future research. In summary, this review offers valuable insight for scholars and professionals who want to navigate the dynamic interplay of CSR and EM in the contemporary business world.
Nanoconfinement‐Driven Energy‐Efficient CO2 Capture and Release at High Pressures on a Unique Large‐Pore Mesoporous Carbon
Authors: Szabó László , Inoue Mizuki , Sekine Yurina , Motokawa Ryuhei , Matsumoto Yusuke , Nge Thi Thi , Ismail Edhuan , Ichinose Izumi , Yamada Tatsuhiko
Published: January 2025

Although microporous carbons can perform well for CO2 separations under high pressure conditions, their energy‐demanding regeneration may render them a less attractive material option. Here, we developed a large‐pore mesoporous carbon with pore sizes centered around 20–30 nm using a templated technical lignin. During the soft‐templating process, unique cylindrical supramolecular assemblies form from the copolymer template. This peculiar nanostructuring takes place due to the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) segments on both the Pluronic® template and the PEG‐grafted lignin derivative (glycol lignin). A large increase in CO2 uptake occurs on the resulting large‐pore mesoporous carbon at 270 K close to the saturation pressure (3.2 MPa), owing to capillary condensation. This phenomenon enables a CO2/CH4 selectivity (SCO2/CH4, mol/mol) of 3.7 at 270 K and 3.1 MPa absolute pressure, and a swift pressure swing regeneration process with desorbed CO2 per unit pressure far outperforming a benchmark activated carbon (i.e., notably rapid decrease in the amount of adsorbed CO2 with decreasing pressure). We propose large‐pore mesoporous carbons as a novel family of CO2 capture adsorbents, based on the phase‐transition behavior shift of CO2 in the nanoconfined environment. This novel material concept may open new horizons for physisorptive CO2 separations with energy‐efficient regeneration options.
A Network Partitioning Method for Real‐Time Simulation of Power System Based on State‐Space and Branch Cutting
Authors: Sheng Haoyun , Wang Guangsen , Chen Guoyong , Wang Zhiwei , Liu Qing
Published: January 2025

With the sustainable development of the power system, the dynamic characteristics of the system are becoming increasingly complex. The electric network partitioning method is an effective approach for implementing real‐time simulation of complex power systems. This paper proposes a novel electric network partitioning method based on state space and branch cutting, aiming to enhance efficiency and precision of real‐time simulation. In the proposed method, the entire system is partitioned into multiple subsystems through branch cutting. Each cut branch is modeled based on Kirchhoff's voltage law and the characteristics of components. Each subsystem is solved using the state‐space method, and all subsystems can be simulated in parallel. Compared with traditional network partitioning methods, the proposed method effectively reduces the computational cost resulting from integrating state‐space and branch cutting methods. Additionally, the proposed method eliminates the need for time delay, which can ensure high precision. Finally, the advantages of the proposed method are verified through several real‐time simulations of an RLC circuit, a grid‐connected inverter system with an LCL filter, and a boost‐inverter system.
Turning Numbers Into Stories: Using Data to Create Compelling Web Content
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: January 2025

Last fall, I was honored to present a lightning talk at the Higher Education Web Professionals Association* annual conference. These fast‐paced talks cover a topic in five minutes or less, and mine focused on using data to tell bite‐sized stories. I shared the stage with four other industry professionals who spoke about building custom GPTs, working with design systems, showing gratitude, and overcoming workplace obstacles.
Improving Interactions Around Student Concerns with Faculty
Authors: May Rachel
Published: January 2025

A new article proposes the benefits of medical school leaders supporting more positive interactions around student concerns about faculty and offers suggestions that are applicable in all higher education contexts. Dr. John A. Rankin, a professor in the University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, argues that medical school administrators have an “opportunity to teach students to voice these concerns productively … and thereby to teach critical conflict management skills that will serve students throughout their careers.”
Efficacy of e‐learning using video content in improving trainees’ biliary cannulation skills and understanding (with video)
Authors: Kaneko Junichi , Kobayashi Yosuke , Takinami Masaki , Kimata Masaharu , Nishino Masafumi , Takahashi Yurimi , Yoshizawa Yashiro , Murohisa Go , Hosoda Yoshisuke , Yamada Takanori
Published: January 2025

Objectives

E‐learning with video content was created to improve trainees’ biliary cannulation techniques; this study aimed to evaluate its educational effect prospectively.

Methods

E‐learning program was conducted using videos demonstrating biliary cannulation for 24 papillae, targeting trainees with 2–6 years of experience in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Ten consecutive cases of biliary cannulation for native papillae performed by trainees were prospectively assessed before and after the e‐learning, respectively. The primary outcome was the difficult biliary cannulation rate; the secondary outcomes included a comprehension score assigned by the trainer for each biliary cannulation (maximum of 6 points), trainee failure rate, and adverse events incidence.

Results

Eleven trainees participated in the e‐learning program. The overall and per‐trainee analyses showed no significant differences in the difficult biliary cannulation rate, trainee failure rate, and adverse event incidence before and after e‐learning. However, the overall analysis showed a significant increase in comprehension scores after e‐learning (median 4 vs. 5, p < 0.01) and the per‐trainee analysis revealed that the rate of comprehension score ≥5 increased significantly after e‐learning (p = 0.02). Comprehension score <5 (odds ratio: 4.31, p < 0.01) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography experience <3 years (odds ratio: 2.15, p = 0.01) were independent risk factors for difficult biliary cannulation. Additionally, the difficult biliary cannulation incidence showed a negative correlation with the comprehension score (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

E‐learning using video content did not result in a reduction in the difficult biliary cannulation rate. However, it significantly enhanced procedural understanding, indicating its potential to support future acquisition of biliary cannulation skills.
Crystallographic Phase‐Dependent Electrochemical Properties of Layered Hydroxides for Energy Applications
Authors: Jaramillo‐Hernández Camilo , Seijas‐Da Silva Alvaro , Abellán Gonzalo
Published: January 2025

Layered Hydroxides (LHs) have garnered increasing attention for their versatility and potential in various applications, particularly in energy storage and conversion. These materials exhibit notable chemical tunability and structural flexibility; however, misassignments between common phases – such as layered double hydroxides (LDHs), alpha, and beta phases – are still occasionally encountered, despite the distinct properties of each. This review focuses on the influence of crystallographic phases on the electrochemical properties of LHs, a topic that remains relatively underexplored. We discuss several synthetic approaches that allow for precise tuning of these phases, along with the most suitable characterization techniques, including synchrotron‐based methods, and highlight key spectroscopic features that aid in accurate phase identification. Additionally, we provide an overview of recent work from our group, which underscores the importance of crystallographic phases in shaping the electrochemical behaviour of LHs in alkaline environments, particularly for applications such as the oxygen evolution reaction. A more detailed understanding of these phase‐dependent properties is essential for the rational design of more efficient electrode materials, which could further contribute to the advancement of energy conversion and storage technologies.
Halogen‐Mediated Electrochemical C−N Bond Construction of Amine
Authors: Xie Yu‐Yang , Zhang Zhang , Wang Ying‐Chun
Published: January 2025

Organic electrochemical synthesis stands out for its environmentally friendly and efficient characteristics. Among these approaches, halogen‐mediated indirect electrosynthesis has gained significant attention as an efficient strategy for C−N bond formation, widely applied in the synthesis of nitrogen‐containing compounds. This review highlights recent advances in direct C−N bond formation processes for various amines under halogen‐mediated electrosynthetic conditions. The features, scope, limitations, and proposed mechanisms of these transformations are discussed in detail. We aim to provide insights into expanding the applicability of halogen‐mediated electrosynthesis, contributing to the development of sustainable synthetic methodologies.
Eight‐Week Flywheel Training Enhances Jump Performance and Stretch‐Shortening Cycle Function in Collegiate Basketball Players
Authors: Shimizu Takashi , Tsuchiya Yosuke , Ueda Hisashi , Izumi Shigeki , Ochi Eisuke
Published: January 2025

The effects of flywheel (FW) training on jump performance, muscle function, and muscle mass in athletes have not been fully clarified. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an 8‐week FW training program on jump performance, stretch‐shortening cycle (SSC) function, muscle strength, peak power and muscle thickness in collegiate basketball players. Twenty male college basketball players (mean age: 19.8 ± 1.3 years, height: 179.1 ± 6.7 cm, body mass: 72.9 ± 6.3 kg) were randomly assigned to either the FW training (n = 11) or control group (n = 9). The FW training group performed squat exercises, 5 sets of 8 repetitions, twice a week using the FW device. Baseline and post‐training assessments of jump heights of squat jumps (SJs), countermovement jumps (CMJs), and drop jumps (DJs) were performed in both groups. Additionally, the reactive strength index (RSI), representing SSC function; isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) torque during knee joint extension; peak power during squats; and quadriceps muscle thickness were evaluated. As the results, we observed that the FW training group demonstrated significant increases in post‐training SJ height (15.1%, p = 0.03), DJ height (23.2%, p = 0.01), RSI (36.8%, p = 0.04), MVC, peak power and muscle thickness compared with pre‐training levels. Furthermore, between‐group comparisons indicated significantly higher post‐training SJ height, DJ height, RSI, MVC, peak power, and muscle thickness in the FW training group (p < 0.05). Therefore, the FW training program effectively enhanced jump performance and SSC function in male basketball players and proved beneficial for muscle strength and hypertrophy.
Comparative techno‐economic analysis of using multisource renewable energy with flexible storage systems for various environments
Authors: Hoseinzadeh Siamak , Pourfayaz Fathollah
Published: January 2025

This article presents a comprehensive techno‐economic analysis of integrating multisource renewable energy systems—solar panels, wind turbines, and flexible energy storage solutions (batteries, electrolyzers, and hydrogen tanks)—across various climatic regions in Iran. The study addresses the pressing need for transitioning from fossil fuels to renewables due to the environmental impacts of carbon emissions and rising global energy demands. Utilizing HOMER software for simulations, we evaluated the performance and economic viability of these renewable systems in 15 cities with diverse climatic conditions. Our findings highlight significant potential in regions like Zahedan, where favorable wind conditions enhance renewable viability, contrasted by challenges in Sari, which suffers from suboptimal solar and wind resources. The analysis demonstrates that a combination of renewable sources can effectively meet a daily electrical load of 5 MWh, contingent on careful consideration of component capacities and investment costs. Tailored solutions for different regions were emphasized to optimize energy production and reduce costs, advocating for strategic investments in renewable systems as a path to enhanced sustainability and economic viability in Iran. Moreover, the study identifies gaps in current literature, underscoring the need for more detailed investigations to further explore and optimize renewable energy systems countrywide. This research contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable energy transitions, providing valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to invest in and develop Iran's renewable energy infrastructure.
Sustained Casing Pressure Assessment Based on Gas Leakage Rate by the State of Equation for Real Gas
Authors: Wang Jieli , Dong Xuelin , Gao Deli
Published: January 2025

Gas leakage is one of the most concerning issues in wells for exploring conventional or unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, carbon sequestration, and geothermal energy. Wellbore barriers, such as tubing, casing, and cement, are the primary components that prevent the undesirable flow of subsurface fluids. However, due to the complexity of the operating condition in a harsh environment, the tubing integrity is prone to failure, causing gas leakage and forming a sustained casing pressure (SCP) at the wellhead. This work proposes a prediction model considering the real gas effect when evaluating SCP. The proposed model involves gas flow, leakage, and accumulation in the wellbore. With the pressure and temperature obtained by the flow equations as boundaries, the model estimates the gas flow rate at the leakage point and SCP. Subsequently, comparing the current leakage model with the conventional method demonstrates the model's performance. Finally, the current model is applied to an ultra‐deep well to determine the leakage location by inversion. Further sensitivity studies reveal the influences of wellbore conditions on SCP, including the production rate, depth of liquid level, and annular fluid density. The study indicates that the traditional method based on ideal gas underestimates the mass flow rate by approximately 22% compared to the current model. When the adiabatic index of the conventional method is approximated as the isentropic coefficient, the mass flow rate may agree well with the current model. It is acceptable to predict the leakage flow rate by assuming that the production gas is pure methane and ignoring the influence of gas composition. The leakage position is the most influential factor for SCP. These results would help engineers predict SCP and determine the leakage location in wells.
Microgrid Management of Hybrid Energy Sources Using a Hybrid Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Saravanakumar V. , Vijayalakshmi V. J.
Published: January 2025

The microgrid of the renewable energy sources are used as photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines (WT), fuel cells (FC), micro turbines (MT), diesel generators (DG), and battery energy storage systems (ESS), offers a promising solution. The issues posed by microgrid operators (MGOs) in managing energy from multiple sources, device as a storage, and response demand programs are addressed in this research study, which proposes a finest dispatch of energy approach for connected grid and microgrid freestanding. In order to accomplish successful energy management, the suggested strategy takes into account not only the minimization of operational expenses but also the reduction of power losses and greenhouse gas emissions. For microgrid energy management (MGEM), a new multi‐objective solution integrating a demand response program is incorporated into a mixed‐integer linear programming model. The optimization issue illustrates the techno‐commercial benefits and assesses the effect of demand response on optimal energy dispatch. Furthermore, a hybrid optimization technique combining the African Vultures Optimization technique (AVOA) and Artificial Rabbits Optimization (ARO) is projected to holder the problem of optimization, and an optimized fuzzy interface is built for scheduling the ESS. Finding the best trade‐offs between costs, emissions, and power losses is made possible by the algorithm, which offers insightful information for the microgrid energy management system. The outcome of the renewable energy sources of the all categories are examined.
Research Progress on CO2 Geological Storage Reservoir and Caprock Mechanics: Methods and Status
Authors: Lu Shuaiyi , Jiang Pan , Cong Lianghan , Lü Xiaoshu
Published: January 2025

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have caused serious global climate change, and countries worldwide are taking steps to mitigate the greenhouse effect caused by carbon emissions. CO2 geological storage (CGS) is emerging as a large‐scale technology for reducing GHG emissions and is gradually becoming one of the most important means of mitigating the greenhouse effect. There are several problems in the implementation of this technology, among which the geomechanical problems caused by injection sequestration cannot be ignored. This article reviews the impacts and hazards of geomechanical problems caused by injection and sequestration in CGS, which can lead to risks, including changes in reservoir and caprock mechanical properties, reservoir stability, caprock closure, fault activation, and induced seismicity during CO2 injection and sequestration. This article reviews the above studies and summarizes the research methods of CGS geomechanical problems and generation mechanisms, which can help to comprehensively understand the risks faced in the CGS process and provide references and guidance for the operation, monitoring, and research of CGS in the future.
One state's journey with a reflective supervision professional development series: Development, implementation, and adaptation
Authors: Silver Rebecca B. , Low Christine M. , Huffhines Lindsay , Newland Rebecca , Herman Rachel , Parade Stephanie H.
Published: January 2025

Reflective supervision (RS) has been viewed as best practice and is therefore incorporated—and often mandated—as a key feature of many relationship‐based infant and early childhood serving programs. To promote the implementation of high‐quality RS for infant and early childhood professionals, it is critical that a focus is placed on how infant and early childhood professionals are trained to build RS capacities. To this end, we describe Rhode Island, United States's journey developing, implementing, and iteratively adapting an RS professional development series. We describe the structure of the curricula as well as the content and learning objectives, which strive to bridge the gap between the theoretical concepts foundational to RS, process‐oriented self‐reflection, and the practical application of RS skills and strategies. We also outline the development and process of iterative adaptation that has refined the curricula over the past decade. Finally, we chronicle the history of coordination and collaboration that promoted the development and implementation of this series, which has been disseminated within home visiting and early care and education settings. This narrative can serve as a model for organizations, systems, and states that are undertaking efforts to provide professional development focused on RS.