bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 regulates proliferation and cisplatin resistance in tongue cancer via miR-211-5p mediated Ezrin/Fak/Src signaling
Authors: Zhang Shanyi , Ma Hanyu , Zhang Daming , Xie Shule , Wang Weiwei , Li Qunxing , Lin Zhaoyu , Wang Youyuan
Published: July 2018

Numerous findings have demonstrated that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) dysregulation plays a key role in many human neoplasms, including tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), yet the potential mechanisms of lncRNAs in chemo-resistance remain elusive. Our research showed that the lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 was upregulated in chemo-insensitive TSCC tissues compared with chemo-sensitive TSCC specimens. Meanwhile, high KCNQ1OT1 expression was closely correlated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, KCNQ1OT1 promoted TSCC proliferation and conferred TSCC resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Using online database analysis, we predicted that the lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 facilitates tumor growth and chemo-resistance by acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to modulate the expression of miR-211-5p. And miR-211-5p upregulation significantly impaired TSCC proliferation and resumed TSCC chemo-sensitivity, which is contrary to the function of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1. Luciferase experiments confirmed that miR-211-5p harbor binding sites for the 3′-UTRof Ezrin mRNA, and Ezrin/Fak/Src signaling was activated in cisplatin-resistant TSCC cells. Finally, miR-211-5p inhibition in sh-KCNQ1OT1-expressing TSCC cells rescued the suppressed cell proliferation and cisplatin resistance induced by KCNQ1OT1 knockdown. In summary, our study has elucidated the role of the oncogenic lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in TSCC growth and chemo-resistance, which may serve as a new target for TSCC therapy.
A Plasmodium berghei sporozoite-based vaccination platform against human malaria
Authors: Mendes António M. , Machado Marta , Gonçalves-Rosa Nataniel , Reuling Isaie J. , Foquet Lander , Marques Cláudia , Salman Ahmed M. , Yang Annie S. P. , Moser Kara A. , Dwivedi Ankit , Hermsen Cornelus C. , Jiménez-Díaz Belén , Viera Sara , Santos Jorge M. , Albuquerque Inês , Bhatia Sangeeta N. , Bial John , Angulo-Barturen Iñigo , Silva Joana C. , Leroux-Roels Geert , Janse Chris J. , Khan Shahid M. , Mota Maria M. , Sauerwein Robert W. , Prudêncio Miguel
Published: July 2018

There is a pressing need for safe and highly effectivePlasmodium falciparum(Pf) malaria vaccines. The circumsporozoite protein (CS), expressed on sporozoites and during early hepatic stages, is a leading target vaccine candidate, but clinical efficacy has been modest so far. Conversely, whole-sporozoite (WSp) vaccines have consistently shown high levels of sterilizing immunity and constitute a promising approach to effective immunization against malaria. Here, we describe a novel WSp malaria vaccine that employs transgenic sporozoites of rodentP. berghei(Pb) parasites as cross-species immunizing agents and as platforms for expression and delivery ofPfCS (PbVac). We show that both wild-typePbandPbVac sporozoites unabatedly infect and develop in human hepatocytes while unable to establish an infection in human red blood cells. In a rabbit model, similarly susceptible toPbhepatic but not blood infection, we show thatPbVac elicits cross-species cellular immune responses, as well asPfCS-specific antibodies that efficiently inhibitPfsporozoite liver invasion in human hepatocytes and in mice with humanized livers. Thus,PbVac is safe and induces functional immune responses in preclinical studies, warranting clinical testing and development.
Author Correction: Environmental and anthropogenic factors affecting the increasing occurrence of shark-human interactions around a fast-developing Indian Ocean island
Authors: Lagabrielle Erwann , Allibert Agathe , Kiszka Jeremy J. , Loiseau Nicolas , Kilfoil James P. , Lemahieu Anne
Published: July 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Role of the Renin Angiotensin System in Blood Pressure Allostasis-induced by Severe Food Restriction in Female Fischer rats
Authors: de Souza Aline Maria Arlindo , West Crystal A. , de Abreu Aline Rezende Ribeiro , Pai Amrita V. , Mesquita Laura Batista Tavares , Ji Hong , Chianca Deoclécio , de Menezes Rodrigo Cunha Alvim , Sandberg Kathryn
Published: July 2018

Severe food restriction (FR) is associated with blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular dysfunction. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) regulates BP and its dysregulation contributes to impaired cardiovascular function. Female Fischer rats were maintained on a control (CT) or severe FR (40% of CT) diet for 14 days. In response to severe FR, BP allostasis was achieved by up-regulating circulating Ang-[1–8] by 1.3-fold through increased angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and by increasing the expression of AT1Rs 1.7-fold in mesenteric vessels. Activation of the RAS countered the depressor effect of the severe plasma volume reduction (≥30%). The RAS, however, still underperformed as evidenced by reduced pressor responses to Ang-[1–8] even though AT1Rs were still responsive to the depressor effects of an AT1R antagonist. The aldosterone (ALDO) response was also inadequate as no changes in plasma ALDO were observed after the large fall in plasma volume. These findings have implications for individuals who have experienced a period(s) of severe FR (e.g., anorexia nervosa, dieters, natural disasters) and suggests increased activity of the RAS in order to achieve allostasis contributes to the cardiovascular dysfunction associated with inadequate food intake.
Propagule size and structure, life history, and environmental conditions affect establishment success of an invasive species
Authors: Tabak Michael A. , Webb Colleen T. , Miller Ryan S.
Published: July 2018

Population dynamics of species that are recently introduced into a new area, e.g., invasive species and species of conservation concern that are translocated to support global populations, are likely to be dominated by short-term, transient effects. Wild pigs (Sus scrofa, or wild boar) are pulsed-resource consumers of mast nuts that are commonly introduced into new areas. We used vital rate data (i.e., survival and fecundity) for wild pigs in Germany under varying forage conditions to simulate transient population dynamics in the 10-years following introduction into a new environment. In a low forage environment (i.e., conditions similar to their native range), simulated wild pig populations maintained a stable population size with low probability of establishment, while in environments with better quality forage (i.e., conditions similar to parts of their invasive range), high juvenile fecundity and survival facilitated rapid population growth and establishment probability was high. We identified a strategy for simulating population dynamics of species whose reproduction and survival depend on environmental conditions that fluctuate and for predicting establishment success of species introduced into a new environment. Our approach can also be useful in projecting near-term transient population dynamics for many conservation and management applications.
A tRNS investigation of the sensory representation of time
Authors: Mioni G. , Grondin S. , Mapelli D. , Stablum F.
Published: July 2018

The understanding of the mechanisms underlying the representation of temporal intervals in the range of milliseconds/seconds remains a complex issue. Different brain areas have been identified as critical in temporal processing. The activation of specific areas is depending on temporal range involved in the tasks and on the modalities used for marking time. Here, for the first time, transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) was applied over the right posterior parietal (P4) and right frontal (F4) cortex to investigate their role in intra- and intermodal temporal processing involving brief temporal intervals (<1 sec). Eighty University students performed a time bisection task involving standard durations lasting 300 ms (short) and 900 ms (long). Each empty interval to be judged was marked by two successive brief visual (V) or auditory (A) signals defining four conditions: VV, VA, AV or AA. Participants were assigned to one of these four conditions. Half of the participants received tRNS over P4 and half over F4. No effect of stimulation was observed on temporal variability (Weber ratio). However, participants that were stimulated over P4 overestimated temporal intervals in the random condition compared to the sham condition. In addition to showing an effect of tRNS on perceived duration rather than on temporal variability, the results of the present study confirm that the right posterior parietal cortex is involved in the processing of time intervals and extend this finding to several sensory modality conditions.
Physiological costs of infection: herpesvirus replication is linked to blood oxidative stress in equids
Authors: Costantini David , Seeber Peter A. , Soilemetzidou Sanatana-Eirini , Azab Walid , Bohner Julia , Buuveibaatar Bayarbaatar , Czirják Gábor Á. , East Marion L. , Greunz Eva Maria , Kaczensky Petra , Lamglait Benjamin , Melzheimer Jörg , Uiseb Kenneth , Ortega Alix , Osterrieder Nikolaus , Sandgreen Ditte-Mari , Simon Marie , Walzer Chris , Greenwood Alex D.
Published: July 2018

Viruses may have a dramatic impact on the health of their animal hosts. The patho-physiological mechanisms underlying viral infections in animals are, however, not well understood. It is increasingly recognized that oxidative stress may be a major physiological cost of viral infections. Here we compare three blood-based markers of oxidative status in herpes positive and negative individuals of the domestic horse (Equus ferus caballus) and of both captive and free-ranging Mongolian khulan (Equus hemionus hemionus) and plains zebra (Equus quagga). Herpes positive free-ranging animals had significantly more protein oxidative damage and lower glutathione peroxidase (antioxidant enzyme) than negative ones, providing correlative support for a link between oxidative stress and herpesvirus infection in free-living equids. Conversely, we found weak evidence for oxidative stress in herpes positive captive animals. Hence our work indicates that environment (captive versus free living) might affect the physiological response of equids to herpesvirus infection. The Mongolian khulan and the plains zebra are currently classified as near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Thus, understanding health impacts of pathogens on these species is critical to maintaining viable captive and wild populations.
Structural analysis of influenza vaccine virus-like particles reveals a multicomponent organization
Authors: McCraw Dustin M. , Gallagher John R. , Torian Udana , Myers Mallory L. , Conlon Michael T. , Gulati Neetu M. , Harris Audray K.
Published: July 2018

Influenza virus continues to be a major health problem due to the continually changing immunodominant head regions of the major surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA). However, some emerging vaccine platforms designed by biotechnology efforts, such as recombinant influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) have been shown to elicit protective antibodies to antigenically different influenza viruses. Here, using biochemical analyses and cryo-electron microscopy methods coupled to image analysis, we report the composition and 3D structural organization of influenza VLPs of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus. HA molecules were uniformly distributed on the VLP surfaces and the conformation of HA was in a prefusion state. Moreover, HA could be bound by antibody targeting conserved epitopes in the stem region of HA. Taken together, our analysis suggests structural parameters that may be important for VLP biotechnology such as a multi-component organization with (i) an outer component consisting of prefusion HA spikes on the surfaces, (ii) a VLP membrane with HA distribution permitting stem epitope display, and (iii) internal structural components.
Live imaging analysis of the growth plate in a murine long bone explanted culture system
Authors: Hirota Keisho , Yasoda Akihiro , Kanai Yugo , Ueda Yohei , Yamauchi Ichiro , Yamashita Takafumi , Sakane Yoriko , Fujii Toshihito , Inagaki Nobuya
Published: July 2018

Skeletal growth in mammals, which owes the growth of an individual, occurs at the growth plate and to observe and analyze its dynamic growth is of high interest. Here we performed live imaging analysis of the growth plate of a fetal murine long bone organ culture using two-photon excitation microscopy. We could observe a dynamic growth of the growth plate of explanted fetal murine ulna, as well as the resultant linear elongation of the explants. As for the factors contributing to the elongation of the growth plate, the displacement length of each chondrocyte was larger in the prehypertrophic or hypertrophic zone than in the proliferative zone. The segmented area and its extracellular component were increased in both the proliferative and prehypertrophic-hypertrophic zones, whereas an increase in cellular components was only seen in the prehypertrophic-hypertrophic zone. C-type natriuretic peptide, a known positive stimulator of endochondral bone growth mainly targeting prehypertrophic-hypertrophic zone, augmented all of the factors affecting growth plate elongation, whereas it had little effect on the proliferation of chondrocytes. Collectively, the axial trajectory of each chondrocyte mainly owes cellular or extracellular expansion especially in prehypertrophic-hypertrophic zone and results in growth plate elongation, which might finally result in endochondral bone elongation.
Correction: Corrigendum: The Centennial Trends Greater Horn of Africa precipitation dataset
Authors: Funk Chris , Nicholson Sharon E. , Landsfeld Martin , Klotter Douglas , Peterson Pete , Harrison Laura
Published: July 2018

Scientific Data 2:150050 doi: 10.1038/sdata.2015.50 (2015); Published 29 September 2015; Updated 3 July 2018. Panels a-e were accidentally omitted from Figure 2. A complete version of this figure has been provided below.
Encapsulating perovskite solar cells to withstand damp heat and thermal cycling
Authors: Cheacharoen Rongrong , Boyd Caleb C. , Burkhard George F. , Leijtens Tomas , Raiford James A. , Bush Kevin A. , Bent Stacey F. , McGehee Michael D.
Published: July 2018

Glass and edge seal encapsulation of a perovskite solar cell to enable stability through damp heat and thermal cycling tests.
Lifting of biogenic compounds by a riverbed from a municipal drainage basin on a day scale
Authors: Fortuniak Anna , HaŁas Krzysztof , GÓrecki MichaŁ , Szewczyk Krzysztof , Wojtania Angelika , ZiuŁkiewicz Maciej
Published: July 2018

Urban river is the object of very dynamic hydrochemical changes. It was decided to trace the variability of physicochemical elements within 24-hour. One of the rivers in ŁÓdŹ – Olechówka – was selected for research, where, having knowledge from previous research, two measurement-control points were established: first located in the middle course of the river (on its quasi-natural fragment), second at its mouth to the recipient. Between these points, the Olechówka River catchment gains significantly on urbanization. A measurement series during 24-hour was carried out at each of the points, during which in situ measurements Q, T, pH, SEC and O2 were taken every 1 hour and water samples were taken for the analytical determinations NO3-, PO43-, NH4+, TN, TP and Susp. With relatively stable hydrological conditions, a twenty-four hour cycle of changes in nutrient concentrations was observed, whose maxima occur during the night hours.
Effect of ultrasonic and thermal disintegration of water treatment sludge
Authors: Górka Justyna , Cimochowicz-Rybicka MaŁgorzata , Fryźlewicz-Kozak Beata
Published: July 2018

This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of thermal and ultrasound disintegration on the disintegration degree (DD) of water treatment sludge from a municipal water treatment plant. A disintegration process was used to (i) improve subsequent coagulation efficiencies and dewatering processes (ii) reduce sludge production, and (iii) obtain both economic and enviromental benefits. The results show that using the disintegration process has an influence on DD values. It is also worth emphasising that the main parameter determining the efficiency of ultrasonic and thermal disintegration was the time of the applied process. Other parameters such as ultrasound intensity and temperature had a reduced impact on DD values.
The use of electrodialysis with mono-anion permselective membranes for defluoridation
Authors: Grzegorzek Martyna , Majewska-Nowak Katarzyna
Published: July 2018

Water contamination by fluoride is a common problem present in many regions of the world. The excess of fluorine leads to many health issues. For that reason, the World Health Organisation estimated the permissible fluoride concentration to 1.5 mg F-/dm3. In this paper defluoridation process with the use of electrodialysis was described. During research standard cation-exchange (PC-SK) and mono-anion permselctive membranes (PC-MVA) were applied. The current density was equal to 1.72 mA/cm2 (it corresponded with a current intensity equal to 0.11 A) in the course of experiments. The tested solutions contained fluoride, organic matter (humic acids) and sodium chloride. The volume of diluate and concentrate was equal to 2 dm3 each. The fluoride concentration amounted to 5, 10, 100 and 200 mg F-/dm3. The sodium chloride content amounted to 0.5 g NaCl/dm3, whereas humic acids concentration was equal to 5, 10 and 15 mg/dm3. It has been noticed that the fluoride content has influenced on the energy demand, removal efficiency and process duration. In few cases electrodialysis allowed to decrease the fluoride content under permissible level for drinking water and the F-removal efficiency was very satisfying for the most part.
The study on decreasing of nitrogen oxides emission carried out on DKVR 10-13 industrial heating boilers
Authors: Janta-Lipińska Sylwia , Shkarovskiy Alexander
Published: July 2018

Nitrogen oxides are considered to be much more toxic than, for example, carbon monoxide. For this reason, the Authors developed and implemented a method for decrease of NOX emission into the atmosphere from DKVR 10-13 boilers. As an effective method for boilers propose injection of steam into the combustion zone. After series of experimental studies an optimal design of the head for steam injection was developed, according to the proprietary technology. The injector head was kept unchanged while the spraying end caps were modified (Fig. 2). Three levels of possible impact of emissions from boiler on the atmosphere pollution were taken into account during studies. After the analysis, it was assumed that the level of the real maximum emission should be taken as the reference level in relation to which the decrease of NOX emission should be determined. The results obtained by the Authors calculated into mass emission and as objective values of nitrogen oxides concentration calculated into α = 1 (Figures 3 and 4). Realization of the study plan, assumed by the Authors, allowed to determine the optimal parameters of the NOx emission decrease method, assuming the expected 30% level of emission decrease at a limited consumption of injected.
The comparison of calculation methods of gas demand in the installation with combi boilers
Authors: Jedlikowski Andrzej , Englart Sebastian
Published: July 2018

Combi boilers offer an economic alternative to individual single function gas boilers and instantaneous water heaters. These gas appliances allow for producing thermal energy for two heating purposes (space heating and hot water preparation). For this reason these compact and highly efficient devices are becoming increasingly popular in many residential buildings. The application of such heating systems often requires an adequate approach for determining the natural gas demand. The literature indicates several methods for this purpose, which often differ significantly. Differences in calculated results seem to be the main problem with these methods. Unfortunately, the selection of the above-mentioned gas appliances always causes overestimation of natural gas demand. This is mainly due to the fact that many calculation methods contain incorrect gas demand coefficients. Therefore, this paper presents various methods for estimating gas consumption for multi-family buildings. It provides discussion and analysis of various calculation methods for residential buildings equipped with two types of gas appliance. The performed analysis made it possible to indicate the most reliable methods of gas demand calculation.
Concept of aeroponic biomass cultivation and biological wastewater treatment system in extraterrestrial human base
Authors: Jurga Anna , Kuźma Joanna
Published: July 2018

The article presents a concept of a biomass cultivation and a wastewater treatment system in future Planetary Base (PB) e.g. Moon or Mars, designed for eight-person crew. These two subsystems are part of Life Support System (LSS), which aims at providing proper environmental condition for human habitation.
Ecotoxicity assessment of camphor oxime using Microtox assay – preliminary research
Authors: Kielka Ewa , Siedlecka Agata , Wolf Mirela , Stróżak Sylwia , Piekarska Katarzyna , Strub Daniel
Published: July 2018

The ecotoxicity assessment of new substances is crucial for their considered launch on the market. Due to various properties of chemical compounds, however, the application of biotests can be challenging. In the case of insoluble compounds, a proper, non-toxic solvent must be applied. The presented preliminary results demonstrate the extremely high ecotoxicity of camphor and camphor oxime, assessed by means of the Microtox system. A 81.9% Basic Test with 14 dilutions was applied. The ecotoxicity of a solvent (i.e. DMSO) was also assessed. The initial concentration of substances was 5%. EC50 values reached 0.00023% and 0.00007% for camphor and camphor oxime, respectively, after 15 min. of incubation of the samples with bioluminescent bacteria. The ecotoxicity of the solvent remained negligible. Due to the extremely high ecotoxicity values of the tested substances, another range of concentrations needs to be applied in future tests to confirm the results.
Possibility of reducing the costs of hot water distribution while maintaining the user's comfort
Authors: Klimczak Marcin , Bartnicki Grzegorz
Published: July 2018

Residents of multi-storey buildings expect that the systems operating within the facility will function reliably and in a manner that ensures comfort. One of the systems that improves comfort is water circulation. Unfortunately, its operation is associated with significant costs, especially in the form of heat losses. Various attempts are being made to improve the energy efficiency of this system while maintaining high comfort for users. It seems that limiting the activities to the use of dedicated regulatory fittings is not enough. The use of other solutions, e.g. additional thermal insulation, may be impossible for organizational reasons. A separate issue is the financial matters and cost-effectiveness of such activities.
Parameters selection of extended-range electric vehicle supplied with alternative fuel
Authors: Kopczyński Artur , Krawczyk Paweł , Lasocki Jakub
Published: July 2018

In this paper modelling of extended-range electric vehicle powertrain. The model consists of sub-models of the investigated vehicle with its resistance forces, traction electric motor, range extender supplied with alternative fuel, and Li-Ion battery. Working point parameters of the range extender engine were defined to achieve low liquefied petroleum gas consumption. The model allowed to study possible parameters of vehicle range extender and battery size. The results show the higher influence of range extender power than battery energy capacity on the vehicle range. The defined range extender and battery parameters allow to significantly extend the vehicle range with low fuel consumption. This research provided ground for the further investigation of range extender control strategies.
The snowmelt as a critical period for the quality of surface water in the agricultural catchment
Authors: Krasowska Małgorzata
Published: July 2018

The research on the quality of the water of a small watercourse was conducted in the agricultural catchment in north-eastern Poland. The water quality was analyzed in the hydrological year and in the period of increased discharge, which in these hydro-meteorological conditions occurs in the snowmelt period. Nutrients get from agricultural land to surface water during the snowmelt or precipitation period. Therefore, the chemical composition of the water of the studied watercourse was subject to intense seasonal fluctuations. The concentration of nitrates, phosphates and ammonium ions increased with discharge. The snowmelt lasted for several days. However, as research has shown, this is a critical period for the quality of surface water in the agricultural landscape. During this period, the water of a small watercourse transported about 36% of annual nitrate load, over 45% of phosphate load and as much as 66% of ammonium ions.
Treatment of dairy wastewater in UASB-UF system
Authors: Kwarciak-Kozłowska Anna , Bień January
Published: July 2018

The examinations concerned determination of the treatment efficiency of wastewater form dairy industry using the system which combines methane fermentation with ultrafiltration process. The study attempted to determine the effect of HRT and OLR on the degree of biodegradation of contaminants contained in the sludge examined and on the quality and amount of biogas. The anaerobic process obtained a considerable degree of the removal of organic pollutants from raw wastewater designated as COD (73.8%), BOD (81.2%) and TOC (76%). The concentrations of COD and BOD were 1053 mg/dm3 and 329 mg/dm3, respectively. The value of TOC reached a level of 288 mg/dm3. Generated biogas in the methane fermentation process of wastewater from dairy wastewater was characterized by high methane content (82 % vol.). In the final part of the experiment, the UF process was used in order to posttreating effluent from UASB reactor. During the UF process, COD, BOD and TOC parameters were removed at 72%, 63% and 67%, respectively.
Pro-ecological packaging materials based on polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)
Authors: Latos Malgorzata , Masek Anna
Published: July 2018

Polymers are common used in everyday life. For economic reasons and specific properties, they replace traditional materials such as glass, wood or paper. The use of polymeric materials generates waste, whose disposal is difficult. Legislation and pressures on the use of pro-ecological materials have increased interest in biodegradable polymers. Such polymers are polyhydroxyalkanoates. It is also important to use eco-friendly processing additives added to polymeric materials. The most commonly used anti – aging substances are triazine and hindered amine HALS (Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers). Most of these substances are considered to be toxic. Therefore, application of natural compounds in polymers is an interesting alternative. Polyphenols of plant origin are compounds that exhibit high reducing properties in oxidation processes. These compounds should protect polymeric materials against negative influence of environmental factors.
The comparison of fulvic acids extracted from the primary and secondary effluent
Authors: Łomińska-Płatek Dominika , Anielak Anna M.
Published: July 2018

As is well known without organic matter, there would be no life. Organic compounds perform very important functions in the whole ecosystem as: structural, storage, transport, catalyse reactions, immune and regulatory functions. One of the most important for both living and non-living organic matter is their role in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen and others elements. The major form of organic matter are humic substances (HS) which are a mixture of high molecular weight organic compounds with variable composition. Humic substances can be divided into: humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and humins (Hu). In the presented research FA were studied. They were extracted from the effluent in the process of ion exchange in a hydrophobic ion exchanger and then they were examined by qualitative analysis to determine the elemental composition of acids and the degree of contamination with heavy metals and other substances. The main aim was to balance and assess the amount of FA in the primary and secondary effluent. The studies have shown that concentration of FA in raw wastewater (primary effluent) was bigger than in the treated wastewater (secondary effluent). Based on the research, it can be stated that selected WWTP discharges less FA compared to the input pollution load.
Emission of combustion gases during fires of large-scale commercial buildings and its impact on environment
Authors: Makowski Radosław , Łapicz Marcin
Published: July 2018

The analysis of the large-scale commercial buildings fires was conducted. The study presents summary of large-scale fires in Mazovian Voivodship in 2015-2016 and its impact on environment. Location and dates of large-scale fires were compared with historical data of air monitoring available on State Inspectorate for Environmental Protection database. Impact of wildfires on environment was already described widely in literature, this approach is focused on commercial buildings fires. The substantial peaks were noticed at Inspectorate for Environmental Protection research stations when large-scale fires occurred, especially regarding fires with long duration. Large fires with short duration were not reflected significantly in air monitoring database.
The growth in the use of methane fuel for fuelling urban buses
Authors: Merkisz Jerzy , Gis Maciej
Published: July 2018

Urban transport vehicles have a large share in city traffic. This results in higher emission of hazardous substances and poses direct threat for human life by causing smog. Research and implementation works are underway to prevent this situation. In city transport attention is given to electric and hybrid vehicles, as well as gas vehicles that are used. The last group, i.e. city buses with engines fuelled with methane fuels have positive impact on decreasing emission of certain hazardous substances. This article addresses internal tests and their results that confirm the rationality underlying the use of these fuels in city transport buses.
The usefulness of sugar beets for biogas production in relations of the storage time and sugar content
Authors: Mioduszewska Natalia , Adamski Mariusz , Smurzyńska Anna , Przybył Jacek , Pilarski Krzysztof
Published: July 2018

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of sugar beet for biogas production, taking into account the duration time of storage and sugar content in the roots. The research has included analysis of methane and biogas yield of sugar beet. The relations between the sugar content in the roots and the length of storage period and the course of the methane fermentation process were determined. Sugar beets with sugar content of 17.6% and 19.6% were used for this experiment. In order to analyse the fermentation process, the fresh beets and the beets stored in flexible, hermetic tanks in the period of 43 and 89 days were used. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, it was found that the sugar content and the storage time of sugar beet roots can differentiate the production of biomethane and that it influences the methane fermentation process and the quality of the produced biogas.
Determination of forms of heavy metals in bottom ash from households using sequential extraction
Authors: Mizerna Kamila
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the results of heavy metals mobility obtained by sequential extraction method and leaching test. Heavy metals in solid waste material occur in different forms and phases that differ in terms of the toxicity, mobility and bioavailability. The sequential extraction analysis is widely used in order to predict the behaviour of heavy metals in a solid material. The sequential extraction methods involve a gradual separation of metals in various forms by means of specific extractants. The material used in the research applied bottom ash derived from households. The results of heavy metals concentrations (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn) in extractable forms and total content in waste were presented. The five forms of heavy metals were determined. The concentrations of heavy metals were analyzed by FAAS. The lowest concentrations of analyzed heavy metals were determined in the exchangeable form. The author observed that the particular elements occurred mainly in forms: zinc and cadmium associated with carbonates, lead and copper in the organic and residual form, chromium and nickel in the residual form. Heavy metals in the residual fraction do not pose a possible environment hazard. The application of speciation analysis of heavy metals in bottom ash provide the means to assess the content of dissoluble forms of metals in water relative to their total content. This information is useful in assessing the migration capabilities of heavy metal ions from waste to the ground-water environment. The potential for the reuse of bottom ash was also discussed in the paper.
Modelling of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) transport in water in PE-HD pipe including chemical reaction of BHT oxidation
Authors: Musz-Pomorska Anna , Kowalska Beata , Widomski Marcin K.
Published: July 2018

This paper presents laboratory and modelling studies of antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene leaching from a water supply PE-HD pipe for laminar and turbulent flow. The reaction of BHT oxidation to BHT-OH was included in our calculations. Required input data, initial and boundary conditions were based on laboratory measurements performed for a new PE-HD pipe. Laboratory measurements covered tests of BHT content and homogeneity in pipe material as well as measurements of BHT concentration in water flowing inside the pipe loop with different velocities. The BHT content of the PE-HD pipe and its concentration in water were determined by GC-MS method. Modelling calculations of BHT concentration in water for two different types of flow were performed using the commercial CDF software Fluent (Ansys Inc.). Non-homogeneous BHT distribution in pipe material and leaching of the antioxidant to the water were observed during laboratory tests. Numerical prediction of BHT concentration in water showed acceptable agreement between measured and calculated data. Nonetheless, the universality of the developed model is limited by the great diversity of available plastic pipe materials with various contents and technological amendments.
Assessment of water loss level on the example of selected distribution systems
Authors: Ociepa Ewa , Molik Robert , Lach Joanna
Published: July 2018

One of the major problems of waterworks is the excessive failure of distribution systems and associated water leaks. Water losses in water supply networks and systems are often a very high percentage of water supplied into the network. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis and assessment of water losses should be the basis for undertaking modernisation efforts to reduce the costs associated with water production and distribution. The article presents the analysis of water losses performed on the basis of data provided by the Water Supply and Sewerage Company in Radomsko. The data comprised the information on the water supply infrastructure and quantitative water balance for the period of 2010–2015. Based on the data, the following water loss indices were calculated: the percentage water loss (PWS) or non revenue water (NRW) index, real loss basic (RLB), non revenue water basic index (NRWB), unavoidable annual real losses (UARL) and infrastructure leakage index (ILI). The obtained results demonstrate that due to continuous actions in the recent years the Water Supply and Sewerage Company in Radomsko has reduced the water loss to the levels that correspond to the average water loss on national and international levels.
The effect of plant-soil treatment plant on the groundwater quality
Authors: Pawęska Katarzyna
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the impact assessment of the plant-soil treatment plant on the groundwater quality. The physicochemical composition of groundwater was analysed. The samples were collected form the piezometer network located in the irrigated area and around it. Water quality tests were carried out in 2014 with the frequency of the month. Changes in the physicochemical composition of groundwater were determined with reference to quality of domestic wastewater used for irrigation. The obtained results were also referred to groundwater parameters limits before the facility’s operation started. As a result of many years of exploitation the groundwater quality under the irrigated area has changed. The boundary of individual segments of wastewater treatment plant is clearly marked by the change in concentrations of the observed pollution indicators. The highest values of organic matter expressed by BOD and COD were observed in the groundwater the I segment (respectively 6.9 gO2·m-3 and 66.2 gO2·m-3). This was the results of a change in the irrigation regime. As the result of irrigation, an increase of nitrate (V) and nitrate (III) was also observed in comparison to their pre-operational values. Plant-soil treatment plant prove high effectiveness of work. However, due to their significant impact on the groundwater quality their operating should be gradually reduced.
Use of pumped-storage hydroelectricity to compensate for the inherent and unavoidable variability of wind energy
Authors: Piasecki Adam , Krzywda Magdalena
Published: July 2018

This study investigates the benefits of using pumped-storage hydroelectricity (PSH) as an intermediary between wind turbines and power grid. The approach includes a simulation model and the development of PSH potential estimation. The system sizing was done based on 1985–2014. Potential sites for PSH plants were identified for two provinces of Northern Poland. According to the proposed mathematical model, a simulation of wind-powered PSH was performed for the year 2015. From the obtained results we find that the proposed power unit is capable of ensuring dispatchable energy generation.
The content of selected heavy metals and their bioavailable fraction in sediments of Solina Reservoir (Poland)
Authors: Piwińska Dorota , Gruca–Rokosz Renata
Published: July 2018

Research on sediments of Solina Reservoir, Poland, were characterized by a content of copper higher than other heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cd and Zn). The strongest correlations between pairs of heavy metals were Zn–Cu and Ni–Cr, were revealed while there was also a correlation between total contents of chromium and nickel, and between pH value and sediment percentage of organic matter. The content of copper at levels exceeding the geochemical background (more than 20–fold), sediments could only by classified as of the 3rd purity class (according to the PIG criterion) or the 5th purity class (according to Müller’s classification). Ecotoxicological criteria indicate that levels of chromium, copper, nickel and cadmium are all high enough to affect aquatic life. However, the heavy metals analyzed differ in their mobility and bioavailability. The highest percentage value for the ion–exchangeable fraction was noted for cadmium, the lowest for chromium. This means that sediments have a greater capacity to release cadmium into the water column, with the consequence being secondary pollution source for the aquatic ecosystem.
Assessing groundwater vulnerability to pollution in the Puck region (denudation moraine upland) using vertical seepage method
Authors: Potrykus Dawid , Gumuła-Kawęcka Anna , Jaworska-Szulc Beata , Pruszkowska-Caceres Małgorzata , Szymkiewicz Adam
Published: July 2018

Degradation of groundwater quality can cause a serious water supply and environmental problems. The identify of potential groundwater pollution can be determined by assessment of groundwater vulnerability method. The assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution was based on estimation of migration time of potential conservative contamination through the vadose zone. Area of investigation is a type of denudation moraine upland, which is situated at the eastern part of the Puck Isolated Morainic Plateau (north of Poland). Time of vertical seepage was estimated with four widely use in Poland equations and numerical modelling with HYDRUS 1D numerical code. The results were compared with major groundwater basin (MGWB) vulnerability classification. The calculations indicate variable results of migration times for conservative contamination, depending on the chosen equation. The conducted research is a part of a project which main aim is a development of groundwater contaminant transport model and detailed identification of a potential agriculture pollutant sources in the selected watersheds of the Puck Bay.
The use of low-cost measuring devices for testing air quality in hard-to-reach locations
Authors: Rogulski Mariusz
Published: July 2018

Air quality assessment is traditionally carried out by ground monitoring. With the development of technology and the creation of small, low-cost sensors, it became possible to effectively study lower tropospheric layers by using light aircraft and balloons. The article presents the use of designed small, portable devices using low-cost dust sensors to research air pollutants with using a hot air balloon. The results of measurements of PM10 concentration using tethered balloon flights and during free flight are presented.
Preliminary Microplate Ames MPF™ test use in assessment of mutagenic properties of spider webs
Authors: Rutkowski Radosław , Jadczyk Piotr , Rybak Justyna
Published: July 2018

Air pollution is one of the most urgent problems of modern world, eventually causing the premature death of millions people every year. One of the burdens due to exposure to air pollutants is a lung cancer. It is necessary to develop new effective methods of carcinogen monitoring. The aim of the study was to evaluate if spider webs are suitable for the assessment of air mutagenicity by Ames MPF™ test. It is the first time spider webs had been incorporated into Ames MPF™ procedure. Webs of two spider speciesAraneus diadematusandAgelena labyrinthicahave been collected at four sites exposed to high pollutants emission.Salmonella typhimuriumTA98 strain without metabolic fraction have been used for the assay. All samples exhibited mutagenic activity most likely due to the road traffic. Webs of A.labyrinthicahave shown higher mutagenicity effects at the tested sites in comparison to A.diadematus, plausibly because of the longer exposition time. The results are most promising and indicate high potential of combining spider webs and MPF™ procedure for assessing the mutagenic properties of urban air pollution.
Computer simulation of the aggregates formation during flocculation process
Authors: Rybachuk Yurii , Jodłowski Andrzej
Published: July 2018

The main goal of this paper is to analyse physical and chemical aspects affecting the structure and strength of flocs, which are created during coagulation and flocculation of water impurities, from the point of view of process computer simulation. Proposed mathematical dependencies were used for computer modelling of the process as well as visualisation of the obtained results. The results of algorithms operation and visualization were shown as graphical representation. Laboratory studies were carried out to check the realism of the proposed algorithm.
Investigation of temperature drop in domestic hot water circuit
Authors: Rzeźnik Ilona
Published: July 2018

The results of experimental investigation of determining the time of temperature drop in domestic hot water circuit were presented in this paper on the example of single-family house. The test were carried out on vertical sections of installations made of PE-X/Al/PE pipes (cross-linked polyethylene and aluminum) with and without insulation. The temperature drop process was investigated in temperature range typical for domestic hot water installation from 55ºC to 40ºC. On the basis of the obtained results with appropriate adjustment of the working time of circulation pump, energy savings of 90% were achieved.
Influence of the quantity profile of the domestic hot water demand and the energy demand for the heating in a single-family house on the SCOP of the air-to-water heat pump
Authors: Skoneczny Kamil
Published: July 2018

In the article it was discussed how the energy efficiency of the air-to-water heat pump can change depending on the different ways of the building usage. The author shows that the following factors influence this efficiency: the DHW demand and the demand of the energy for the heating of the building. The article shows that it is very important to take into account the cooperation of both systems, the DHW and the heating. Two models of the SCOP calculations were discussed: in monthly and hourly steps of the calculation. For each model the following assumptions were considered: the different profiles of the domestic hot water demand and the different profiles of the demand for the heating of building.
Steam gasification for waste valorization with energy recovery
Authors: Szczepaniak Włodzimierz , Zabłocka-Malicka Monika , Gurgul Agnieszka
Published: July 2018

Steam gasification seems a promising technology of waste transformation since the steam is the only oxidizing reagent in the process and gaseous carrier of volatiles. Gasses are equilibrated at high temperature for conversion to the H2-rich syngas. After this step, the excess of steam condenses during cooling, together with non-converted tars, oils and fine particles. Condensing steam efficiently absorbs hydrogen bromide and hydrogen chloride. The use of steam eliminates carbonaceous residue from the solid mineral/metal product, which is convenient for further processing (for example extraction of metals). The syngas and the solid residue are generally the only products of gasification, because aqueous condensate may be returned to the process together with non-volatile hydrocarbons and sediments. The process was illustrated by laboratory scale gasification experiments with a) carton packaging, b) abrasive disc, c) pork bones, d) Cu multiwire cable e) PC/AT card and f) inverter (PCB board). The mineral/metal products of gasification may be considered as a raw materials for further processing, including typical routes of metals recovery. There is no direct emission to the atmosphere from the process. However, providing the energy from the syngas back to the reactor as well as the energy balance of steam condensation and recirculation of condensate to the reactor need careful analysis.
Modelling of failure rate of water supply network using the Bayes theorem
Authors: Szpak Dawid , Tchórzewska-Cieślak Barbara
Published: July 2018

The subject of the publication is the analysis and assessment of failure rate of the water supply network in a district city located in south-eastern Poland. The analysis was based on the failure rate index. In addition, the paper uses the Bayes theorem to determine the probability of failure of water supply network. The exploitation data obtained from the water supply company were used in the work. It was found that the water supply network of the analysed city is characterized by good technical condition.