bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Sorption Characteristics and Derivatographic Indicators for Obtaining Sorbents from the Solid Residue of Automotive Tire Pyrolysis
Authors: Jureyev Shokhrukh , Mukhiddinov Bakhodir , Shokirov Ravshan , Tailakov Utkir , Rasulov Azam , Mamataliyev Abdurasul
Published: August 2024

This article examines the utilization of local raw materials employing the derivatographic method. Specifically, it explores the potential of granular bentonite sorbents and solid residues from the pyrolysis of automobile tires. This method offers flexibility in adjusting temperature conditions and component ratios to achieve optimal sorbent properties. The resulting sorbents demonstrate high strength and absorbency, indicating promise for applications in industrial wastewater treatment, gas emission control, and other contexts requiring effective pollutant removal. Analyzing granule formation processes across different temperatures enables optimization of sorbent production and enhancement of their characteristics. Evaluating sorption properties and material porosity is crucial, as these factors dictate sorbent effectiveness in pollutant absorption. Overall, this study holds promise in contributing.
Study on powering electric filters with unipolar high voltage pulses
Authors: Muzafarov Shavkat , Balitsky Vladlen , Babayev Aziz , Tasheva Umida , Allenova Irina , Ruzikulov Zafar , Egamurodov Shaxboz
Published: August 2024

The article presents the devices of existing power supplies for electrical engineering installations and analyzes their disadvantages. The necessity of developing a method for stabilizing discharge processes in corona discharge electric fields is formulated. The calculation of the transient process in the pause between pulses when powered by unipolar high-voltage pulses with a duty cycle of more than 5 is carried out and the conditions under which the discharge currents are stable are determined. A source with two-way power supply and air cooling has been developed to supply electric filters with unipolar high-voltage pulses. The schematic diagram of the source of periodic voltage pulses, the parameters of the circuit elements, the device of the step-up transformer, the oscillogram of the voltage at the output of the generator and the type of voltage at the output of the source are given.
Exploring the Dynamics and Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Slabs against Close-Range Explosions: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Hussain Md. Ajmal , Husain Asif , Anas S. M.
Published: August 2024

In recent years, the escalation of global incidents involving explosives has engendered profound concern, driven by both deliberate acts of subversion and unintended detonations. Notably, the catastrophic explosion at the fireworks storage facilities in Beirut, Lebanon, stands as a poignant example, leading to substantial loss of life, injuries, and infrastructural damage. This study undertakes an investigation into the dynamic behavior and fortification of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) slabs against close-range explosions, employing a meticulous bibliometric analysis of scholarly publications sourced from the Scopus database. To gauge the impact and dissemination of these publications, alternative metrics such as social network articles and documents within bibliographic reference managers are incorporated. Focusing on articles and reviews published between 2010 and 2023, the research identifies 1064 pertinent papers using the keywords "RCC" and "strength." The bibliometric scrutiny, leveraging 'R' and VOS Viewer software, accentuates the pivotal role of slab strength in scholarly discourse, unveiling a substantial corpus of literature and its profound significance. These insights furnish invaluable guidance for researchers and practitioners, furnishing a holistic comprehension of the contemporary research panorama and steering future advancements in this indispensable domain of inquiry. A bibliometric analysis, characterized by a systematic evaluation of scholarly literature pertaining to a specific subject, furnishes elucidations into its trends, principal contributors, and the broader research terrain. This methodological approach is particularly pertinent in structural engineering and the assessment of blast effects on reinforced concrete structures. The analytical endeavor commences with delineating the research theme, followed by scouring academic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, or Google Scholar utilizing pertinent keywords. Subsequently, it scrutinizes publication trends, authorship delineations, journal and conference preferences, and citation analysis to pinpoint influential and highly cited works. Additionally, the geographical dissemination of contributions is explored, discerning regions or countries where the research proliferates. Keyword analysis is employed to unravel the predominant themes and subjects under investigation within the research corpus.
Modeling the operational state of suspended roofs with large spans and unique load-bearing elements
Authors: Razzakov Numonkhon , Yakhshiboev Sherzod , Razzakov Nurmuhammadkhon , Buribaev Shavkat
Published: August 2024

The stress-strain state of hanging systems and support contours in the stages of pre-tensioning of cables, as well as in the processes of construction and operation of unique structures, has been studied. The nature of the operation of hanging systems and support rings is revealed depending on the type and level of loading, without the moment or bending state of the support ring, as well as the mutual connection of the cable belts. An analysis of the limiting state of cable-stayed long-span suspended roofed structures is given. The real states of modeling of cable-stayed systems with different outlines of the support contour were studied. A situation has been determined in which the choice of the optimal shape of a curved support contour is required, with radial and cross cable systems. We studied the features of the operation of external and internal support rings in the stages of pre-tensioning of the cables and the transition of the structure to the installation and operational state. The structural safety of hanging systems under random alternating influences was studied, leading to: overloading of individual sections, breakage of the cables, failure of anchor fastenings, compliance of the support contours, changing the initial geometric shapes of the ring.
Lucrativeness of the business of architecture: The professional’s view
Authors: Mba Emeka J. , Okeke Francis O. , Igwe Ajuluchukwu E. , Onyia Stephanie C. , Okonta Donatus E. , Onyia Chinyelu D.F. , Okeke Chinemerem M.B , Agu Emmanuel C. , Okwudiafor Ifechukwude F.
Published: August 2024

The architectural profession, situated at the intersection of art, science, and business, faces a multifaceted challenge in balancing creativity and financial sustainability. This study aims to assess the financial viability of the architectural profession by investigating the perceptions of practicing architects in Enugu Urban, Nigeria. Employing a quantitative research approach, a structured questionnaire survey was administered to a sample of 135 registered architects in Enugu Urban, the data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics to identify influencing variable and patterns in the responses. The findings reveal a strong consensus among respondents concerning the entrepreneurial nature of architecture and its potential for financial success. However, a notable division in opinion was observed regarding architects' participation in non-lucrative projects, with 62% supporting the idea and 38% opposing it. The results indicate that core architectural services, such as design and project management, are widely perceived as lucrative, while specialized areas like historical preservation and community-oriented projects face challenges in terms of financial viability. The study identifies key challenges faced by architects, including fee negotiation, intense competition, economic fluctuations, and the need to keep pace with technological advancements. Its conclusion highlights potential opportunities for architects to expand their business horizons, such as embracing advanced visualization techniques, offering specialized consultancy services, venturing into real estate development, and engaging in urban planning and research.
Fungal diseases of mung bean as a reciprocal crop in irrigated areas of Uzbekistan
Authors: Shamsiddinova Kamola , Bababekov Kalandar , Gulmurodov Riskibay , Rakhmonov Jalil
Published: August 2024

Plant diseases pose a significant threat to the cultivation of mung beans, impacting both yield and quality. This is particularly true when mung beans are grown as a successive crop following sorghum cultivation. Mung beans planted in the spring, after a period of winter dormancy, are especially susceptible to diseases compared to those planted in the summer. Our scientific research, conducted across various regions of Uzbekistan, has investigated the key factors contributing to this susceptibility, with a focus on climatic conditions and soil pathogens. Anthracnose, powdery mildew, fusarium root rot, and other fungal diseases are among the primary concerns for mung bean crops grown as successive crops. These diseases can have a significant impact on crop development, leading to reduced yield and quality. Our research has aimed to understand the spread and development of these diseases, as well as the extent of crop damage they cause. Climatic conditions, including temperature, humidity, and rainfall patterns, play a crucial role in the prevalence and severity of diseases in mung bean crops. Additionally, the presence of soil pathogens can further exacerbate disease pressure, particularly in areas where mung beans are grown as successive crops. By studying the interactions between these factors and disease development, our research aims to identify effective strategies for disease management in mung bean cultivation. This includes the development of resistant varieties, implementation of crop rotation practices, and use of fungicides when necessary.
Efficiency of chemical preparations in mulberry nurseries cultivation
Authors: Khalmirzayeva L. , Nosirova Z.
Published: August 2024

The analysis of experiences with chemical preparations such as "Binsegard," "Alfamilin," and "Rimon Star" in protecting mulberry nurseries from the mulberry pyralid, a dangerous pest, has revealed important insights into pest management strategies. By employing a double processing approach with these insecticides during the summer period, with a carefully timed interval of 30-35 days, significant control over the pest population has been achieved. This method has demonstrated remarkable effectiveness, with pest populations being reduced by up to 100% within just 15 days of the initial treatment. Furthermore, the use of these insecticides has resulted in the absence of visible damage to the leaves of mulberry nurseries throughout the remainder of the processing season. This indicates not only the efficacy of the insecticides in controlling the targeted pest but also their safety for the health of the mulberry plants themselves. These findings underscore the importance of timely and appropriate pest management strategies in protecting valuable crops like mulberries. The use of chemical preparations such as "Binsegard," "Alfamilin," and "Rimon Star" can play a crucial role in ensuring the health and productivity of mulberry nurseries, ultimately contributing to the sustainability of mulberry cultivation practices.
Effectiveness of special feeding mulberry plantations in optimal schemes depending on soil fertility and climatic conditions
Authors: Bekkamov Chorshanbi , Alibekova Rano , Mirzalieva Dildora , Mukhanova Muyassar , Abdullaev Abdulhamid
Published: August 2024

To ensure the success of sericulture, it is crucial to establish special, dense, and intensive mulberry plantations in regions with suitable climatic and soil conditions. These plantations serve as an abundant and high-quality food source for silkworms, essential for their healthy growth and development. By carefully studying the climatic and soil conditions of each region, it is possible to design and implement systematic schemes for the establishment and maintenance of these special mulberry plantations. Depending on the age of the silkworms and the seasonality of feeding, these plantations can be utilized to optimize the feeding process and enhance the productivity of sericulture operations. The systematic use of special mulberry plantations can transform sericulture into a more profitable and economically efficient industry. By ensuring a consistent and high-quality food supply for silkworms, sericulture practitioners can improve cocoon quality and quantity, leading to increased silk production and profitability.
Biological basics of African catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) culture in cages in the plain zone of Uzbekistan
Authors: Yuldashov Mansur , Kamilov Bakhtiyor , Toshova Nozima , Donaev Husniddin
Published: August 2024

In inland regions, the seasonality of the temperate climate is a significant limitation for cage aquaculture: cold water fishes will not survive in the summer, tropical fishes will not overwinter, the list of warmwater fishes, which grow well in warm water but can overwinter, is very limited. More promising for cultured species choosing are tropical fishes, like African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The purpose of experiment was to analyze the possibility of table fish production in one year. Artificial reproduction and fingerlings production were carried out in RAS in January – middle April, 2022. Table fish was rise in cages in the Tuyabuguz reservoir (Uzbekistan) in April – November, 2022. Starting from April (an average 21.5 g body weight), African catfish grew to a marketable size (on average 1491 g) by the early November; fish were fed with minced by-products of chicken processing (feet, heads, intestine and stomachs). The average final body weight was 1491 g, the average individual weight gain was 1469.5 g. The growing time was 194 days. Relative growth rate was determined as 7.6 g/day. Specific growth rate was noted as 2.1. The FCR was 3.1.
Morphological characteristics of yearlings of Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella) in the fish farm of Bukhara region, Uzbekistan
Authors: Usmonova Dilnoza , Bozorova Dilbar , Yuldashov Mansur , Kamilov Bakhtiyar
Published: August 2024

The study focused on the morphological variability of one-year-old grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), a commercially important fish species in Uzbekistan. Various meristic indicators were examined, revealing specific characteristics: D III 7, A III 7-8 (average 8), 39 - 45 (42) lateral line scales, and 19 – 22 (21) rakers on the first gill arch. These indicators provide insights into the unique morphological features of grass carp at this developmental stage. Additionally, plastic parameters were assessed using both classical methods for cyprinid fish measurement and geometric morphometry. These parameters provide a more detailed understanding of the physical traits and variations within the grass carp population. The use of geometric morphometry allows for a more comprehensive analysis of shape and size variations, offering valuable insights into the overall morphology of the fish. Overall, the study's findings contribute to a better understanding of the morphological characteristics of one-year-old grass carp, which is crucial for effective management and conservation strategies. This research provides a foundational understanding of the species' morphology, which can aid in future studies related to growth patterns, population dynamics, and conservation efforts.
Investigating insecticide residue in animal products and environment
Authors: Vakhidova Dilbar , Ulmasov Botir
Published: August 2024

The research discussed in the article focuses on the study of insecticide residues resulting from their application against endophilic flies, specifically by treating animal surfaces and livestock facilities. It aims to evaluate the impact of these insecticides on the environment, including air and soil, as well as their effects on beneficial insects and human health. One of the key aspects of the study is the determination of rational doses and frequencies of spraying animal bodies and livestock facilities. This is crucial for optimizing the effectiveness of insecticide application while minimizing potential negative impacts on the environment and non-target organisms. The research likely involves field experiments and laboratory analyses to quantify insecticide residues in different environmental compartments. Air samples may be collected using air sampling equipment, while soil samples could be collected from treated areas and analyzed for insecticide residues. Additionally, the impact of these insecticides on beneficial insects, such as pollinators and natural enemies of pests, may be evaluated through observational studies or controlled experiments. The study also likely includes an assessment of the potential risks posed by these insecticides to human health. This could involve analyzing human exposure through various pathways, such as inhalation or dermal contact, and evaluating the toxicity of the insecticides to humans.
Moth development characteristics in tomato crop
Authors: Yusupov Abdusalim , Nuralieva Dilnoza , Elboboev Abdugani
Published: August 2024

In Uzbekistan, where the tomato holds a place of prominence among vegetable crops, the battle against pests, particularly moths, is of critical importance to ensure the delivery of high-quality tomato products to consumers. Through dedicated research, the distribution and dominant species of moths that inflict damage on tomato crops have been meticulously mapped out. This research has been pivotal in understanding the extent of damage these pests can cause at various stages of tomato growth, enabling targeted interventions. The damage caused by moths to tomato crops is not uniform and varies with the growth stages of the plant. Early infestations can severely impact seedling development, while later attacks can compromise the fruit's integrity, leading to significant yield losses. Recognizing these challenges, our research endeavors have focused on identifying the most harmful moth species during different growth periods, thereby enabling more effective pest management strategies. Chemical control methods were evaluated for their efficacy against the dominant moth species causing damage to tomato crops. Through rigorous testing, specific pesticides were identified that showed substantial effectiveness in controlling these pests. However, it's crucial to approach chemical control with caution to minimize environmental impact and prevent the development of pesticide resistance among moth populations.
Reclamation status of irrigated grass-alluvial soils based on geoinformation systems in Uzbekistan
Authors: Saidova Munisa , Yadgarov Akram , Kodirova Dilrabo , Kuchkarova Nodira , Ergasheva Olima
Published: August 2024

The utilization of geoinformation technologies in evaluating soil cover degradation presents a revolutionary approach to understanding and mitigating the adverse effects of environmental decline. The article underscores the criticality of such technologies in conducting comprehensive analyses that can pinpoint the multifaceted impacts of degradation processes on soil health. Through the detailed examination of salinity levels, mechanical composition, humus content and reserves, as well as the quantities of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium within the top 30 cm layer of soil, geoinformation technologies offer unparalleled precision and scope in environmental assessment. Specifically, the study focuses on the Khorezm Massif of the Amudarya District and the Kamisharyk Massif of the Chimboy District in the Republic of Karakalpakstan (both in Uzbekistan), where the impact of irrigation on meadow soils was scrutinized. By leveraging a variety of thematic maps crafted with the latest in geoinformation system (GIS) tools, researchers were able to deliver a granular view of the soil reclamation status across these areas. This methodical approach not only enhances our understanding of soil degradation patterns but also facilitates the development of targeted strategies for soil conservation and sustainable management. In essence, geoinformation technologies serve as a critical asset in environmental science, enabling researchers to navigate the complex interplay between human activities and the natural landscape. Through the meticulous analysis of soil characteristics across impacted regions, these technologies pave the way for informed decision-making and the implementation of effective soil reclamation and protection measures, thereby contributing to the resilience and sustainability of vital agricultural and natural ecosystems.
Technological characteristics of milk from Estonian red breed cows
Authors: Kholbekova Mavsuma , Amirov Shavkat , Madrakhimov Shodlik
Published: August 2024

Cattle breeding is of practical importance in providing the population with milk and dairy products. According to the latest data, more than 250 substances have been found in cow's milk. Most of the milk consumed is milked from cows. Along with direct consumption of milk, various dairy products are prepared from it. The technological properties of raw milk play an important role in the production of dairy products. In the dairy industry, the casein protein in milk is of particular importance in the preparation of cheese, and the amount and size of the fat in the milk in the preparation of butter. It reflects some technological features of raw milk. Here, it is appropriate to study the technological properties of cow's milk and the factors affecting it. In the article, information about some technological characteristics of milk of Estonian red cows belonging to different types of production is covered. Although the amount of total protein and fat in the milk of dairy-meat production type cows is high, it was observed that milk production type cows prevailed in terms of their yield. When the fat yield was studied in the cross-section of the seasons of the year, it was found that in spring and summer, the amount of milk for the production of one kg of butter was spent more in both groups.
Monitoring of Soil Salinity by Cotton Leaf Parameters and Planting Density
Authors: Yulchiev Davron , Shermatov Yermat , Radkevich Maria , Pochugevskyi Oleg , Aripov Islom
Published: August 2024

The article deals with the problem of organising the monitoring of saline soils using the example of farms in the Hungry Steppe and the Khorezm region of Uzbekistan. Due to the variability of salinity levels, continuous monitoring is required, which is difficult to organise using existing methods. The authors propose the use of a bioindication of soil salinity based on the condition of cotton plants. The aim of the study was to test the possibility of using cotton plants as bioindicators of soil salinity and to search for measurable indicators for the practical implementation of bioindication. As a result of the field studies, possible bioindicators such as leaf thickness, leaf area and the pattern of change in planting density were investigated. It was found that as soil salinity increases, cotton planting density changes according to Poisson's law. In order to minimise the time and work involved in organising the monitoring, it was proposed to use the thickness of the cotton leaf blade, measured with a digital micrometer, as a bioindicator parameter. For the practical implementation of salinity assessment by leaf thickness, the relationship "soil salinity - leaf thickness" was established in the form of a regression equation. The results obtained are similar to those of previous studies on a decrease in plant density, as well as a decrease in the area of the leaf plate and an increase in its thickness with increasing soil salinity. At the same time, the problem of the bioindication of soil salinity by the state of the cotton plant has not been considered so far.
Fauna and ecological composition of nematodes of Cucurbitaceae family plants
Authors: Eshova Kholisa , Kojevnikova Alevtina , Jabbarov Zafarjon , Saidova Shoira , Yagmurova Dilafruza , Imomov Otamurod , Makhkamova Dilafruz , Rakhmatov Zoyr , Abdullaev Shokhrukh
Published: August 2024

The article presents information about phytonematodes found in the soil of Cucurbitaceae family crops and their roots in Romitan district of Bukhara region. As a result of the research, 43 types of phytonematodes were identified. According to the ecological classification, 16 species of devisaprobionts and 11 species of mycohelminths dominated, 8 species of phytohelminths (ectoparasites, endoparasites), 6 species of eusaprobionts, and 2 species of pararhizobionts. In the studied plants, phytonematodes differed from each other in terms of species diversity and the number of their individuals. The maximum number of species was observed in melon and watermelon (30/29 species). The least was recorded in the cucumber crop (26 species). In terms of the number of individuals, the largest number of nematodes was found in watermelon (407) and cucumber (308), and less in melon (245). This situation is explained by the development of the above-ground part of the plants, the condition of the soil and the level of agrotechnical measures applied to the crops. Pairwise comparison of Cucurbitaceae family crops nematode faunal complexes revealed that they are neither exactly similar nor strongly different from each other, the similarity between nematode faunal complexes ranged from 0.50% to 0.67%. Such a similarity indicates that their faunal complexes were formed in the same ecological environment. Bitylenchus dubius from ectoparasites and Ditylenchus dipsaci from endoparasites are relatively common species among the parasitic phytonematodes identified in the crops.
Influence of energy potential of soil amino acids on wheat yield in typical calcisols
Authors: Turdaliev Avazbek , Yuldashev Gulom , Khaydarov Mavlonjon , Jabbarov Zafarjon , Mamajonov Gaybullo , Akhmadjonov Avazbek , Kenjaev Yunus , Abdushukurova Zamira
Published: August 2024

Winter wheat in agricultural production is the most common and oldest crop. An accelerated and sustainable increase in grain production is a key problem for agriculture both in Uzbekistan and abroad. “According to the FAO, there are about 1.5 billion hectares of soil suitable for agriculture. Neutral and slightly alkaline soils of subtropical zones with a dry climate make up 8177.1 thousand hectares or 5.46% of the entire land area of the globe. 14.5 million km2or 11% of the world's land stock is suitable for production. Over the past 50 years, the area of irrigated land has increased by almost 12%. As a result, the volume of agricultural production increased by 2.5-3 times1”. In this regard, the study of the theoretical foundations for improving the soil-ecological, energy conditions and increasing the fertility of neutral, slightly alkaline gray soils, taking into account the evolution of virgin and irrigated lands, the development of theoretical and practical issues of their improvement is of great importance.
Optimizing crop irrigation regimes considering groundwater level and mineralization in Turkmenistan
Authors: Pashyyev Tirkishmyrat , Gurbanmeredov Kerim , Begmatov Ilkhom , Begchayeva Mahri , Azyzov Abdyljelil , Babayeva Bagul , Orazov Gurbanmyrat
Published: August 2024

This study offers a comprehensive comparative analysis of surface methods, sprinkling, and drip irrigation techniques utilized in the cultivation of crops in Turkmenistan, taking into consideration the region's unique soil and climatic conditions. The primary objective is to assess the advantages and drawbacks of these irrigation methodologies in optimizing crop productivity. By conducting meticulous scientific data analysis, the research explores the performance of each technique in terms of water efficiency, crop yield, and environmental impact. Surface methods, although widely employed, demonstrate limitations in water conservation and susceptibility to weed proliferation. Conversely, sprinkling irrigation highlights effective water dispersion but raises concerns regarding heightened soil erosion. Drip irrigation surfaces as a promising solution due to its precise water application and minimal evaporation loss; however, factors such as technical intricacy and associated costs necessitate consideration. Drawing from the study's findings, it is advisable to selectively implement irrigation methods tailored to specific crop types and geographical regions within Turkmenistan. The adoption of suitable irrigation practices has the potential to significantly bolster agricultural output, while concurrently preserving water reservoirs and mitigating environmental repercussions. Consequently, these findings offer invaluable insights to farmers and researchers, facilitating the development of sustainable irrigation strategies customized to Turkmenistan's agricultural terrain. Ultimately, this research contributes to the advancement of agricultural practices by offering practical guidance for optimizing crop irrigation in Turkmenistan's unique agricultural ecosystem.
Monitoring and Mapping rangeland health using remote sensing and GIS methods: A case study in the foothill Artemisia-ephemeral rangeland region in Samarkand
Authors: Muminov Mahmud A. , Nosirov Muhtor , Bohodirjodzha Ismailkhujaev , Avutkhanov Burkhan , Khujanov Alisher , Tursunov Anvar , Ergasheva Olimaxon , Ismailova Arofat , Umarova Dilnoza
Published: August 2024

This paper describes the use of NDVI analysis to assess the health condition of the rangeland in a specific study area. NDVI values were used to determine the vegetation cover and its condition by dividing the values into different classes based on field samples. The study found that the rangeland health condition could be classified into four classes based on the NDVI values ranging from -0.26 to 0.63. The results indicated the presence of both healthy and unhealthy vegetation cover in the study area. However, the study emphasizes that NDVI values can vary depending on different factors, such as season, weather conditions, and vegetation type, and therefore, these factors must be considered when interpreting the results. Overall, the study highlights the importance of using NDVI analysis as a valuable tool to assess the health condition of rangelands and to inform management practices. The paper presents the results of a study on rangeland health classification in a particular study area. The study utilized remote sensing and GIS technologies to classify the rangeland into healthy and degraded categories. The results showed that only 4.4% of the land area was classified as healthy rangeland, while most of the study area was classified as degraded. Specifically, 36.1% of the land area was classified as moderately degraded, 24.3% as low degraded, and 35.2% as highly degraded. These findings suggest that the health of rangelands in the study area is poor and requires effective management and restoration practices to improve productivity. The study demonstrates the usefulness of remote sensing and GIS technologies in monitoring rangeland health and supporting sustainable management practices.
Investigation of the effect of fertilizers on the biochemical and physical characteristics of carrots (Daucus carota L.)
Authors: Turatbekova Aidai , Abdukadirova Malokhat , Shamuratov Sanjarbek , Latipov Bakhodir , Saporboyev Mirzabek , Shamshiyev Jafar , Makhmudov Yusuf
Published: August 2024

Carrots (Daucus carota L.) are one of the most consumed and economically significant vegetables worldwide, prized for their nutritional value and versatile culinary applications. The biochemical composition of carrot roots, including their phytochemical content, sugars, vitamins, and minerals, plays a crucial role in determining their quality and nutritional benefits. Fertilizers are commonly utilized in carrot cultivation to enhance yield and optimize growth parameters. However, the application of fertilizers can significantly influence the biochemical composition of carrot roots, thereby impacting their nutritional quality and health-promoting properties. This review comprehensively examines the current body of literature on the influence of fertilizers on the biochemical parameters of carrot roots, including changes in phytochemical content, sugars, vitamins, and minerals. Furthermore, it discusses the underlying mechanisms driving these effects and explores potential implications for carrot cultivation practices and consumer health.
The effect of ozone technology in the process of surface water decontamination on coagulants and filters
Authors: Kalandarov Palvan , Balpankul Yerassyl , Sarsanbekov Kurmangazy , Bektilevov Aldabergen , Khabay Anar
Published: August 2024

The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) poses many challenges in the process of purifying water intended for drinking. The presence of NOM leads to high coloration due to natural conditions. During the coagulation and flocculation processes, NOM stabilizes dispersed and colloidal particles. Currently, there are many methods for removing natural organic matter. In Kazakhstan, coagulation is commonly used for treating most waters, which effectively reduces color and NOM. It is known that the efficiency of ozonation and coagulation is high when they are used together. The impact of ozonation on the properties of coagulation is significant because coagulation is the most widespread process for treating drinking water. The combination of ozonation with coagulation has been proposed as an improved method for reducing coloration and removing surfactants. The studies were conducted at the K.I. Satpayev Kazakh National Technical University, where a liquid phase ozonation laboratory system was developed. The aim of the research was to demonstrate the positive effect of combining ozonation with coagulation on the removal of color and surfactants in surface waters. Studies were conducted on model waters with different contents of humic substances. Positive results were obtained at low concentrations of ozone (0.1…0.8 mg/l) and low doses of coagulant. A low dose of ozone showed improvement for coagulation. The results of the study indicate that ozonation, combined with coagulation, has a positive effect on color removal, enhances the removal of NOM, and reduces the necessary dose of coagulant.
Estimating reference evapotranspiration using the Hargreaves - Samani formula for end-user applications
Authors: Masaliyeva Zilola , Karimov Akmal , Adhamov Jakhongir
Published: August 2024

Reference evapotranspiration is one of the main geophysical parameters, the reliable assessment of which is important in irrigation water management, planning, distribution and regulation of water resources. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations recommends using the Penman-Monteith formula to estimate ETo. However, its’ application by end-users is limited since the formula requires several parameters which are often missing. In such cases, it recommends the Hagreaves-Samani formula. In this study, the reference evapotranspiration is estimated as the case study for Uzbekistan applying both, the Penman - Monteith and the Hargreaves - Samani methods. Data used is taken from 13 state climate stations of Uzbekistan. The results of the study indicate that under data-scarce conditions, the Hargreaves – Samani formula, can be recommended for end-user applications, after the adjustment to local conditions, in order to determine the water requirements of crops and irrigation scheduling.
Methods of Purification of Polluted Water from Ammonia Compounds at Nitrogen Fertilizer Plants
Authors: Yusupaliyev Risbek , Musashayxova Nozima , Kuchkarov Abdullo
Published: August 2024

This article discusses the possibilities of wastewater purification polluted with ammonia compounds at enterprises producing nitrogen fertilizers by various chemical methods, as well as using air in a scrubber installation. In wastewater generated during the production of nitrogen fertilizers at the “Fergana Azot” enterprise of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the content of ammonia in the dissolved state is higher than normal. Due to the fact that ammonia compounds also have a high degree of binding to gases such as СО2, NO2 and SO2, which are in a gaseous state under various conditions, the possibility of cleaning such waters from ammonia compounds in a scrubber using flue gases containing СО2, NO2 and SO2 gases, as well as the amount of air supplied in this technological process, the speed of its passage through the scrubber nozzles, what it will be, what height the nozzles will be, is indicated according to the data obtained as a result of the experiment.
Assessment of the ecological state and organization of works on cleaning the reservoir from siltation products
Authors: Balabanov Victor , Zhizdyuk Andrey , Karpov Mikhail , Khudaev Ibrakhim , Usmonov Nail , Norov Begmad , Kannazarova Zulfiya
Published: August 2024

A project has been developed for the organization and production of works to clean the reservoir from siltation products. The analytical part contains an analysis of the initial data, an assessment of the ecological state of the reservoir and the choice of the method of work. The reservoir, after many years of operation, was silted up with products of water and wind erosion of the soil coming from the catchment area, river sediments and products of anaerobic decomposition of plant and animal origin. The assessment of the ecological state of the reservoir is presented in the article.
Prevalence and assemblage identified of Giardia duodenalis in zoo and farmed Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) from the Heilongjiang and Fujian Provinces of China
Authors: Chen Jiani , Zhou Liyuting , Cao Wenjie , Xu Junchen , Yu Kuai , Zhang Ting , Wang Yiqing , Wang Jiayan , Huang Huicong , Zhao Wei
Published: August 2024

Captive and free-living wildlife serve as significant hosts for Giardia duodenalis. Asiatic black bears, valued for their economic and medicinal importance, are extensively farmed in China and also prevalent in zoos. However, studies on G. duodenalis in these animals in China are limited. Here, 218 feces samples of Asiatic black bears were collected: 36 from a zoo in Heilongjiang Province, and 182 from a farm in Fujian Province. Nested PCR of the SSU rRNA gene, followed by sequencing, was employed to determine the frequency and assemblage distribution of G. duodenalis. Positive samples underwent further analysis through multilocus genotyping (MLG) by amplifying the genes for glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), β-giardin (bg), and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi). Of the 218 samples, G. duodenalis was detected in 22 cases at the SSU rRNA gene locus, including three from Heilongjiang and 19 from Fujian. Three assemblages were identified: A (n = 1), B (n = 16), and E (n = 2) in Fujian; and B (n = 3) in Heilongjiang. Out of the 22 positive samples, 20, 19, and 9 were effectively amplified and sequenced across the tpi, gdh, and bg loci, respectively. Seven samples were genotyped successfully at all three loci, identifying MLG-B1 (n = 1), MLG-B2 (n = 1), and MLG-B3 (n = 1), MLG-B4 (n = 1), MLG-B5 (n = 2), and MLG-B6 (n = 1) as the six assemblage B MLGs. This study marks the first documentation of G. duodenalis in Asiatic black bears in captivity in Fujian and Heilongjiang. The identification of zoonotic assemblages A and B, along with E, underscores potential public health concerns.
Model reduction of dynamical systems with a novel data-driven approach: The RC-HAVOK algorithm
Authors: Yılmaz Bingöl G. , Soysal O. A. , Günay E.
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces a novel data-driven approximation method for the Koopman operator, called the RC-HAVOK algorithm. The RC-HAVOK algorithm combines Reservoir Computing (RC) and the Hankel Alternative View of Koopman (HAVOK) to reduce the size of the linear Koopman operator with a lower error rate. The accuracy and feasibility of the RC-HAVOK algorithm are assessed on Lorenz-like systems and dynamical systems with various nonlinearities, including the quadratic and cubic nonlinearities, hyperbolic tangent function, and piece-wise linear function. Implementation results reveal that the proposed model outperforms a range of other data-driven model identification algorithms, particularly when applied to commonly used Lorenz time series data.
Energy-resolved x-ray and neutron diagnostics in tokamaks: Prospect for plasma parameters determination
Authors: Jardin A. , Bielecki J. , Dąbrowski W. , Drozdowicz K. , Dworak D. , Gerenton V. , Guibert D. , Kantor R. , Król K. , Kulińska A. , Kurowski A. , Łach B. , Mazon D. , Savoye-Peysson Y. , Scholz M. , Walkowiak J. , Wiącek U. , Woźnicka U. ,   WEST team
Published: August 2024

In fusion plasmas, essential plasma parameters can be inferred from x-ray and neutron measurements. The analysis of emitted neutron spectra can give access to the fuel ion ratio and ion temperature, while the local x-ray plasma emissivity contains information about electron temperature, magnetic axis, and concentration of impurities that can be estimated with the help of dedicated tomographic inversion and synthetic diagnostic tools. We report on ongoing efforts dedicated to x-ray and neutron diagnostics of tokamak plasmas. A methodology to determine the core impurity concentration and electron temperature from multiple line-integrated x-ray measurements in different energy bands is introduced. It is first validated with synthetic measurements and then applied on WEST experimental data. Regarding neutron measurements, a thin-foil proton recoil spectrometer using a gas electron multiplier (GEM) detector is being developed to measure fast neutron energy spectra. The modeling of the energy response function of this NS-GEM prototype, intended for future applications of fusion plasma spectrometry, is presented and discussed.
Spherical steepened wave in interstellar van der Waals dusty gas clouds
Authors: Chaudhary Bipin Kumar , Singh Randheer
Published: August 2024

This manuscript investigates one-dimensional steepened wave in self-gravitating, inviscid, and spherically symmetric flow of interstellar van der Waals dusty gas clouds via Guderley's exact similarity solution. The compatibility conditions are used to derive the transport equation for the jump in the velocity gradient. The effects of van der Waals excluded volume, mass fraction of solid particles in the mixture, ratio of specific heat of dust particles and specific heat of the interstellar van der Waals gas clouds at constant pressure, and the ratio of the species density of the solid particles to the species density of the gas on the steepened wave are determined in detail.
Rare events in extreme value statistics of jump processes with power tails
Authors: Bassanoni Alberto , Vezzani Alessandro , Burioni Raffaella
Published: August 2024

We study rare events in the extreme value statistics of stochastic symmetric jump processes with power tails in the distributions of the jumps, using the big -jump principle. The principle states that in the presence of stochastic processes with power tails statistics, if at a certain time a physical quantity takes on a value much larger than its typical value, this large fluctuation is realized through a single macroscopic jump that exceeds the typical scale of the process by several orders of magnitude. In particular, our estimation focuses on the asymptotic behavior of the tail of the probability distribution of maxima, a fundamental quantity in a wide class of stochastic models used in chemistry to estimate reaction thresholds, in climatology for earthquake risk assessment, in finance for portfolio management, and in ecology for the collective behavior of species. We determine the analytical form of the probability distribution of rare events in the extreme value statistics of three jump processes with power tails: Lévy flights, Lévy walks, and the Lévy–Lorentz gas. For the Lévy flights, we re-obtain through the big-jump approach recent analytical results, extending their validity. For the Lévy–Lorentz gas, we show that the topology of the disordered lattice along which the walker moves induces memory effects in its dynamics, which influences the extreme value statistics. Our results are confirmed by extensive numerical simulations.
Three-dimensional plasmoid-mediated reconnection and turbulence in Hall magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Huang Yi-Min , Bhattacharjee Amitava
Published: August 2024

Plasmoid instability accelerates reconnection in collisional plasmas by transforming a laminar reconnection layer into numerous plasmoids connected by secondary current sheets in two dimensions (2D) and by fostering self-generated turbulent reconnection in three dimensions (3D). In large-scale astrophysical and space systems, plasmoid instability likely initiates in the collisional regime but may transition into the collisionless regime as the fragmentation of the current sheet progresses toward kinetic scales. Hall magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) models are widely regarded as a simplified yet effective representation of the transition from collisional to collisionless reconnection. However, plasmoid instability in 2D Hall MHD simulations often leads to a single-X-line reconnection configuration, which significantly differs from fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulation results. This study shows that single-X-line reconnection is less likely to occur in 3D compared to 2D. Moreover, depending on the Lundquist number and the ratio between the system size and the kinetic scale, Hall MHD can also realize 3D self-generated turbulent reconnection. We analyze the features of the self-generated turbulent state, including the energy power spectra and the scale dependence of turbulent eddy anisotropy.
Single-pixel positron beam diagnosis via compressive sampling
Authors: Xu Jia-Yi , Kuang Peng , Cao Xing-Zhong , Liu Fu-Yan , Zhang Hong-Qiang , Yu Xiao-Tian , Wang Bao-Yi , Wang Hai-Ying
Published: August 2024

The morphology is a crucial indicator for diagnosing a low-energy, low-brightness particle beam. However, conventional positron beam diagnosis, based on the pixel scanning principle, is limited by physical constraints, such as the resolution of detector pixels. Here, we have presented a novel slow positron diagnosis method using compressive sampling. With a 100 × 100 pixel-sized mask, for example, the positron beam morphology can be significantly reconstructed with a peak signal-to-noise ratio of ∼40 dB, even at half the sampling rate compared to pixel scanning. It explores a promising approach for positron beam diagnosis with an ultra-high resolution and fast sampling rates.
A three-dimensional thermochemical nonequilibrium model for simulating air plasma flows around an inflatable membrane reentry vehicle
Authors: Yu Minghao , Wang Wei , Hu Zhiqiang , Wang Bo
Published: August 2024

The inflatable membrane reentry vehicle (IMRV) is one of the innovative aircrafts for next-generation space transport systems because of its reduced aerodynamic heating. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) thermochemical nonequilibrium model is developed for simulating air plasma flows around an IMRV. This 3D nonequilibrium model includes the coupling of Navier–Stokes equations, 11 species, and 20 chemical reactions of air, a two-temperature model, and shear stress transfer k–ω turbulent transport equations. The simulated results are validated and compared with the corresponding experimental and numerical data published. Generally, they agree well with each other. It is concluded that the flight attack angle of the IMRV has an important impact on the flight stability. When the IMRV flies at an angle of attack of 0°, the translational-rotational and vibrational-electronic temperatures increase rapidly in the surge layer and decrease gradually near the wall. The wall pressure and heat flux decrease gradually along the capsule from the head to the inflatable film, increase rapidly where the inflatable film joins the rings, and decrease rapidly after the shoulder. The chemical and thermal nonequilibrium model developed in this study might be an accurate, stable, and low-cost modeling tool required for the optimal design of hypersonic reentry vehicles.