bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Industrial Militancy and the New Middle Class: Professional Workers in Australia
Authors: Waters Malcolm
Published: March 2007

Most theories of the new middle class assume a homogeneity of responses to class location. However, the arena of industrial militancy is particularly problematic in this regard. The results of a survey of 256 employed professional workers in Australia reveal a diversity of responses ranging from defensive, self-interested orientations to altruistic, politically motivated and socially conscious orientations. The so called new middle class may therefore be better analysed as a status group within the working class rather than as a coherent class fraction.
Social Democracy and Social Justice
Authors: Beilharz Peter
Published: March 2007

Much discussion of social democracy and social justice is confused by a failure to clarify terms and traditions. A scan of Swedish, German, British and Australian reformist ideologies helps to establish the correlations between these traditions and their

corresponding conceptions of social justice. In its most muscular forms, the project of social democracy has a broad horizon, because it ascribes a primary value to citizenship, a position from which the Anglophone tradition can learn in its own pursuit of social justice. Social justice itself ought be recognised as a far more obvious core value for radicals, though it remains strategically significant in the Australian context today.
Two Faces of the ALP in the 1980s
Authors: Ward Ian
Published: March 2007

During the 1980s Labor has been extraordinarily electorally successful. Yet as the Queensland ALP State Secretary has acknowledged ALP 'membership numbers are virtually static ... and there remains a high degree of alienation and disillu sionment amongst the rank and file' (Courier Mail 1 August 1988). Each of these very different faces of the ALP can be traced to the 1960s and 1970s when the ALP attracted a new middle class clientele. Their growing presence within the party offset declining working class involvement, encouraged reform and gave Labor a far more electorally attractive image.

Yet middle-class party members provide it fickle support. In Parkin's (1968) terms they tend to have an expressive rather than instrumental orientation toward politics. With often al truistic motives for joining the ALP they grow readily disillu sioned with the real politik of internal party politics and chafe at surviving party habits and practices which bear the stamp of Labor's working class origins. Despite Whiteley's (1983) finding in the case of the British Labour Party, ALP middle class mem bers show little sign of forgiving Labor governments for failing to act upon party policy.
The Dupes of Hazard: Occupational Health and Safety and the Victorian Sanctions Debate
Authors: Carson Kit , Johnstone Richard
Published: March 2007

This paper takes issue with those who are currently arguing in favor of recourse to charges of manslaughter in some cases of occupational fatality. Such a step, it is argued, would effec tively involve collusion with a protracted historical process which rendered occupational health and safety offences ambi guous with regard to their criminality. This historical process is summarised and the use of sanctions in this area of Victorian legislation is reviewed. While sympathising with the objec tives of those who support stronger action in the occupational health and safety field, the authors nonetheless argue that they have been duped into a position which, by treating some offences as unequivocally criminal, implies that the vast majority are not. Instead, it is suggested, an offence of causing death through violation of the Occupational Health and Safety Act 1985, should be created.
On Sickness Days and Social Policy
Authors: Castles Francis G.
Published: March 2007

In the comparative social policy literature, the Australian wel fare state has, with only a few exceptions, been characterised as lagging far behind most other advanced nations. After pro viding a survey of the main themes of that literature, the paper uses the example of paid compensation for periods of absence from employment due to sickness to illustrate the complexities of characterising Australian social policy development in com parative perspective. Whilst Australia is shown to have been a latecomer in providing social insurance and sickness and as remaining an exceptionally low spender on social insurance sickness benefits, it is also shown to have developed a very different, and, until quite recently, not necessarily inferior, social policy strategy for catering to the sickness needs of its population.
Off Cue: Women who play pool
Authors: Broom Dorothy , Byrne Marguerite , Petkovic Lily
Published: March 2007

Pool halls in Australia, as in most English-speaking coun tries, are largely male preserves, and most pool players aremen. This paper explores some of the factors underlying why comparatively few women play pool, and what happens to those women who do breach the invisible boundary thatmarks off the pool halls as male territory. Using observations and interviews conducted in an Australian university union bar, this study suggest that pool playing serves to confirm certain forms of masculinity. Sexual harassment and other forms of intimidating behaviour are used to exclude women from playing pool. Furthermore, those women who are admitted to pool playing are accepted on terms (such as having a male sponsor) that minimise the intrusion and pre serve male power and control over the space.
Crime, Shame and Reintegration: Review, Questions and Comments
Authors: Potter R.H.
Published: March 2007

This paper reviews Crime, Shame and Reintegration (Braithwaite, 1989) to isolate key concepts and processes in this new integrative theory. After outlining the theory, a series of questions is proposed which when answered, it is believed, will move the theory closer to a fully testable model of crime. These questions involve concepts and pro cesses at both the macro- and micro-levels of analysis.
Intergenerational Class Mobility Among Women and Men
Authors: Western Mark
Published: March 2007

Marxist class analysis has largely ignored the investigation of social mobility and at times has openly rejected it as an object of social analysis. This paper defends the importance of mobility research for class analysis. It then uses Wright's neo-marxist conception of class structure to investigate intergenerational mobility among Australian women and men. Drawing upon data from 'The Class Structure of Australia Project', the paper describes the volume and nature of mobility, and presents more detailed findings about the mobility regime which underlies observed patterns. Such 'relative mobility rates' reflect class-specific advantages and disadvantages which shape the opportunities of people from different class backgrounds to move into some destinations rather than others. The gendered nature of these patterns is highlighted.
The Curious Career of Economic Rationalism: Government and Economy in the Current Policy Debate
Authors: Burchell David
Published: March 2007

The passionate polemics of the recent debate on 'economic rationalism' have concealed the fact that many of the key arguments on both sides of the debate are animated by a similar view of economic rationalism as an ideology struggling to come into reality. This paper argues that, on the contrary, economic rationalism is best understood as a distinctive style of government, often with only a limited resemblance in its governmental techniques to the claims of neoliberal discourse. Further, the paper contends that the picture of economic rationalism as a form of anti-government is fantastical. Intense and complex techniques of government are an indispensable part of the governance of modern Western economies and societies. Economic rationalists may claim to have reintroduced 'natural' market mechanisms in place of the activity of government, yet these 'quasi-markets' are themselves for the most part highly governed phenomena.
Ten years on: Francis G. Castles and the Australian 'wage-earners' welfare state'
Authors: Watts Rob
Published: March 2007

Francis Castles' The Working Class and Welfare (1985) has achieved classic status within mainstream policy studies and the historiography of the Australian welfare state. Exhuming the functionalist theoretical and 'positivist' methodo logical assumptions embedded in his prior comparative policy research helps to establish why he saw the puzzles he did in the Australasian experience and why the 'wage-earner's welfare state' model emerged as an answer to those puzzles. Castles' work reminds us that our theoretical and methodological assumptions can lead to a problem-setting process that generates a sophistic ated but misleading social heuristic. Castles' work, while it appears to affirm that 'politics matters' denies the contingency of history central to political processes. While he rightly insists we should look at 'occupational welfare', his work deflects attention away from the substantial experience with 'social policy by normal means' that labor governments have promoted.
Research data from cyberspace
Authors: Murray Peter J.
Published: March 2007

Nurses working within a variety of research paradigms, and using both qualitative and quantitative methods, frequently gather data by interview or questionnaire. This paper discusses the use of electronic mail (e-mail) as a means of interviewing research subjects, and suggests that it could be more widely used by nurses with access to the Internet. The author's experience in using this method outlines the problems and advantages of this medium for obtaining interview data. One of the main advantages is that the need for transcription of interview data prior to analysis is totally obviated.
The Efficiency of Domestic Solid Fuel Appliances
Authors: Shaw W.F.B.
Published: March 2007

The measurement cf the efficiency with which a domestic appliance burning solid fuel utilizes its fuel is not an easy matter. Moreover, many British types of appliance, notably the open fire, form an integral part of the structure of the house ; the true efficiency is therefore not a simple function of the appliances itself, but is dependent both on the appliance and the structure in which it is installed. It is for this reason that the " test-bench " efficiency, in the measurement of which the appliance itself is regarded as the dominant factor, usually represents an under-estimate of the true value of the appliance in the home. The functions and the limitations of the test-bench efficiency, and its relation to " room-heating " efficiency, are demonstrated, using the case of the open fire as an example.
Some Practical Effects of a Clean Food Campaign
Authors: Lindsay T.
Published: March 2007

The paper is a factual statement of the practical achievements of a planned clean food campaign. Education by active participation by personnel on a competitive basis at school-feeding centres, detailed publicity of such action at education and health committee levels, the taking of the opportunity to give informal talks at catering premises generally and, at the same time, to demon strate by graphite powder-dusting tests on crockery any deficiencies in the cleansing facilities or technique.

A rough classification is made of food handlers and caterers according to their financial and social background. The problem of the ignorant and incorrigible type of trader and of the small business man using adapted premises in a built-up area of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and the new industrial and commercial caterers and their specialized staffs who have succeeded in providing, either voluntarily or compulsorily, very satisfactory canteens, hostels and kitchens incorporating up-to-date equipment and technical aids is discussed.

An opinion is expressed of the justifiable place in the clean food campaign of the new agents for cleansing and sterilization.

Attention is drawn to the desirability of sanitary officers taking formal interest in public food markets, licensed premises, and cleaner meat production at abattoirs, and to giving special attention to milk bars and gala and similar social events.

The co-operation of the food industry is noted to the extent of substantial financial expenditure and the absence of the questioning of the rights of a local authority or its officials to give effect to any recorded aspect of a clean food campaign.
Ultra-Violet Deodorization of Air
Authors: Summer W.
Published: March 2007

Odours can either be masked or destroyed. Only destruction is really effective. Destruction is achieved by changing the molecular structure of the obnoxious substance, or its vapours, so that now chemical structures are formed which do not contain osmophoric radicals, and thus cannot act as a stimulant of the sense of smell.

Oxidation is the most elective means of altering the chemical structure of a substance, and of all oxidants, nascent oxygen and ozone are the most powerful. The physical method of generating nascent oxygen and ozone from the oxygen in the air by irradiating the latter with ultra-violet energy of certain well-defined wave lengths is the only method possessing acceptable technical and economical features.
The Application of Recent Research To Health Visiting
Authors: Scott Phyllis M.
Published: March 2007

The attempt has been made to consider the future rôle of the health visitor within the total context of the welfare state. The case for her redundancy has been examined and it has been suggested that her continuance is unlikely unless her rôle is envisaged in an entirely new way. It has been pointed out that the most serious problem facing the health and welfare services is not physical but psycho-social breakdowns. It has been suggested that the health visitor's new task should be to make herself redundant in the mental health field as she has already made herself redundant in the physical sphere. To this end her training requires to be reconsidered. The skills she will need will be primarily those of a family case-worker, and it is suggested that her training in future should be along lines similar to those of the almoner rather than the nurse.
Slums: Clearance and Improvement
Authors: Freeman G.S.
Published: March 2007

In seeking a solution to the problem of substandard houses all the facts had to be collected and considered. A higher standard of housing provision was justifiably looked for in old dwellings. These would continue to provide the bulk of accommodation, and, judged by 1939 standard, the quality had tended to deteriorate while, on the other hand, in new dwellings-to which most aspired-it had advanced. It was no longer sufficient to use codes for guidance laid down in 1919. Luxuries of those days were necessities to-day. If it were impracticable to legislate higher standards generally, provisions might be adoptive or apply on appointed dates. Surveys were necessary and the author described how the work could be simplified and yet provide essential information. Surveys should divide substandard houses, which were those below the sixteen-point standard, into two main groups:

( a) Those with oven ten years' life-(i) Capable of reaching the sixteen-point standard, (ii) capable of improvement short of the sixteen-point standard, (iii) those which could be made fit under the Housing Act, 1936, and (iv) useful houses not so capable. Local authorities should be given powers to ensure that houses in each group were dealt with according to their maximum potentialities, and premises should be made to support such action financially.

(b) Those with less than ten years' life-To be dealt with by slum clearance in two five- year stages. To avoid premature loss of houses which might retard progress of slum clearance by making demands on rehousing resources, local authorities should be empowered to acquire and repair suitable houses.
Health Education in Schools
Authors: Pierce W.J.
Published: March 2007

" I saw, I saw the lovely child,

I watched her by the way,

I learnt her gesture, sweet and wild,

Her loving eyes and gay.

" Her name? I heard not, nay, nor care, Enough it was for me

To find her innocently fair

And delicately free."
Initial assessment of children's ability to climb stair guarding
Authors: Riley Joanne E. , Roys Michael S. , Cayless Sandra M.
Published: March 2007

This study examined the ability of children aged between four and six years to climb stair guarding set at the minimum height for domestic handrails recommended in the guidance given in Approved Document K that supports the Building Regulations in England and Wales. The purpose was to assess the adequacy of such safety guidance. Simulated guarding was set up at an indoor play centre and behaviours examined in two groups of children. Observations were made during free play and during solicited climbing. Results indicate that the majority of children aged between four and six years can climb onto or over stair guarding unassisted. Younger children are influenced and frequently abetted by their elders in climbing, behaviour which may be replicated in the home environment. Three distinct climbing strategies are observed: the body hoisted in a semi-prone position onto the top of the guarding; the body lifted by arms above the height of the guarding enabling a kneeling position on the top of the guarding; and, the knee bent against the side of the guarding to gain the added height required to make the climb. It was noted that older or taller children tend to rely on height, leg length or reach whilst climbing whereas younger children appear to depend more on strength. A re-examination of safety guidance in relation to barrier climbability by children is recommended, and has started at BRE.
Participation in conferences: developing networks for users of learning disabilities services
Authors: McNally S.
Published: March 2007

This paper will explore the benefits of involving people with learning disabilities in conferences and workshops. It is suggested that people with learning disabilities have relatively few opportunities to meet service users from other parts of the country to share their ideas about services, and how these are or should be developing. A lack of suitable events, finance, and difficulties with support and transport are some of the reasons for this. The benefits for services and professionals, who provide support to clients, are also considered. It is proposed that building a partnership approach may lead to service improvements and enhanced professional practice.

Accounts of three recent events for service users are provided:

• the British Institute of Learning Disabilities Annual Conference at the University of Wales, Swansea

• the East Yorkshire Learning Disability Centre Inaugural Conference

• the Self-Advocacy Skills Workshop, Swanwick.

Users' views of conference participation are described and it is demonstrated that individual delegates have responded positively to their experiences, expressing in many cases a desire to take part in future events. The potential for user involvement in service evaluation and staff training is explored in the light of some local developments. It is suggested that service users can benefit, as individuals, and that some people may have a desire and the skill to participate in research, and help others learn about self-advocacy and empowerment, finally the paper considers the future for the support of self-advocacy.
Tuberous sclerosis and behavioural disorders: a review of the literature
Authors: Murray G.C. , McKenzie K. , Kidd G.R.
Published: March 2007

The following paper is a review of behavioural disorders that may be associated with tuberous sclerosis. Areas covered include its association with autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and sleep disorders, as well as other less prevalent disorders. The relationships between these behavioural disorders and epilepsy/degrees of intellectual disability are discussed.
Ezekiel At the Turn of the Century
Authors: Kohn Risa Levitt
Published: March 2007

Recent scholarship has helped illuminate historical circumstances sur rounding the Israelite Exile. As a result, the book of Ezekiel has gained renewed interest. As a prophet of the Exile, Ezekiel is recognized as an important and liminal figure in the evolution of Israelite theology. In the 1994 volume of Currents, Pfisterer Darr surveyed the state of the field of Ezekiel studies. The present article identifies and examines several emerg ing trends in Ezekiel scholarship since the publication of Pfisterer Darr's study, including literary relations in Ezekiel, the psychology of the prophet, Ezekiel's sign-acts, adulterous Jerusalem (Ezek. 16; 23), corporate and indi vidual responsibility (Ezek. 18), and recent scholarship on Ezek. 40-48.
Recent Research in 2 Maccabees
Authors: Williams David S.
Published: March 2007

This article discusses the study of 2 Maccabees since c. 1975, focusing on issues pertaining to chronology; the unity, structure and purpose of the book; the date and provenance of the book; and literary criticism. Because 2 Mac cabees stresses the role of the supernatural in relating history, scholars have considered the book to be inferior to 1 Maccabees as a historical source. Recent scholarship, however, is more nuanced in its view of both books: 1 Maccabees is more theological and concerned with literary structuring than previous generations of scholars thought; and 2 Maccabees is more historical and trustworthy than scholars have long considered it to be.
Aramid Fibers for High Performance Coated Fabrics
Authors: Wardle Marilyn
Published: March 2007

Kevlar® aramid fibers offer a highly desirable balance of properties which have found utility in a wide range of applications, such as tire cord, hose reinforcement, conveyer belts, ropes and cables, protective clothing, boat hulls, and aerospace composites. This paper will focus on the use of Kevlar® aramid fibers in high performance coated fabrics and will compare the mechanical properties of coated fabrics based on Kevlar® 29, polyester, nylon, and glass fibers.
Corporate Planning: the Myth and the Reality
Authors: Browning Peter
Published: March 2007

This paper is based on a lecture given on 25th September 1975 at the Polytechnic of Wales on the occasion of the inauguration of the Education Management section of the Department of Management Studies.
The Role of the Primary School Head
Authors: Davies Lester
Published: March 2007

'An unrelenting pace' ... 'brevity, variety and fragmentation' - those are the characteristics ofa primary head's work according to this observation of four heads fulfilling their roles, days of talking, visiting, meeting and being interrupted.
A Focus of Dissent? The Social Pressures and Social Constraints Laid Upon the Secondary Headfeacher
Authors: Bassett J.J.
Published: March 2007

In this field-study headteachers speak about the pressures on them — in changing contexts of ideas about headshiP and management and from LEAs, governors and patients. The article discusses paradoxes in expectations about school autonomy and professional management.
The New Teacher Contract: Changing Power Relations
Authors: Saran Rene
Published: March 2007

T his paper is part of a longer one, setting the topic in a wider frame work. During the conference seminar presentation I indicated how the shorter version fits into the theory of shifting power relations which I developed in 'The Politics behind Burnham' (1985). In addition, I summarised important contrasts between the negotiated Agreement of 21 November 1986 (reached under A CA S auspices) and Baker's imposed conditions of employment. My aim is to illuminate how the contractual obligations of teachers under the 1987 Pay and Conditions Act have created a new framework at school level within which power relations between heads and staff will evolve.
Teacher Views on Teaching in a Large Split-site Junior School
Authors: Whitehouse Ian , Busher Hugh
Published: March 2007

What do teachers feel about working on split sites? This study compares views from a junior school with other research. The authors are, respectively, deputy head of the school and at Edge Hill College of HE 1.
Management Structures in Secondary Schools
Authors: Roberts Barbara , Ritchie Hugh
Published: March 2007

Traditional hierarchical models are undermined by the National Curriculum in requiring cross curricular planning. The authors, Head of Wolgarston High School and County Inspector, Staffordshire, respectively, show how flexible teamwork can provide the basis for planning.
Opportunities to Improve Further Education Resulting from the Education Reform Act
Authors: Turner Stan , Chitty Alan
Published: March 2007

Survival after ERA for colleges of FE requires strategic Planning, understanding of motivational factors for staff — and a management accountant. The authors are, respectively, Vice- Principal (Planning and Resources) and Principal of the Bournemouth and Poole College of Further Education.
An Economist Looks at Education
Authors: Hough Jim
Published: March 2007

Jim Hough expressed the theme of his inaugural lecture at the University of Loughbarough in the form of a question: If an economist looks at education what will he see? His answer is that he will see a major sector of national life, so large that it has been termed an industry. An industry which may well play a crucial role in determining the performance of the national economy. Given this it is remarkable that there are so few economists in either departments of economics or departments of education with a serious interest in education within higher education. In the body of his paper Professor Hough sets out to demonstrate how an economist might look at six very different themes.
Parents and the Process of Choosing Secondary Schools: Implications for Schools
Authors: West Anne , David Miriam , Hailes Jean , Ribbens Jane
Published: March 2007

Dr Anne West and Jean Hailes are members of the Centre for Research at the London School of Economics and Politics. Professor Miriam David and Dr Jane Ribbens are members of the Social Sciences Research Centre of South Bank University. In this paper they report upon a study which examines how parents choose secondary schools for their children. Among other things, it is suggested that different groups of parents start thinking about this issue at a variety of different times and do so for different reasons. In the latter part of their paper, the authors identify nine possible implications which their findings might have for schools who wish to improve their policy and practice in this area.
Concentric Sub‐micrometer‐Sized Cables Composed of Ni Nanowires and Sub‐micrometer‐Sized Fullerene Tubes
Authors: Tao F. , Liang Y. , Yin G. , Xu D. , Jiang Z. , Li H. , Han M. , Song Y. , Xie Z. , Xue Z. , Zhu J. , Xu Z. , Zheng L. , Wei X. , Ni Y.
Published: March 2007

Highly ordered arrays of submicrometer‐sized coaxial cables composed of submicrometer‐sized C60 and C70 tubes filled with Ni nanowires are successfully prepared by combining a sol–gel method with an electrodeposition process. The wall thickness of the submicrometer‐sized tubes can be adjusted by the concentration of fullerenes and the immersion time. The thermal stability of the submicrometer‐sized C60 tubes is studied by Raman spectroscopy and it is found that these structures can be easily decomposed to form carbon nanotubes at relatively low temperatures (above 573 K) in an alumina template. These novel coaxial cable structures have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution TEM (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field‐emission SEM (FESEM), Raman spectroscopy, elemental mapping, energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) experiments, and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements. Magnetic measurements show that these submicrometer‐sized cables exhibit enhanced ferromagnetic behavior as compared to bulk nickel. Moreover, submicrometer‐sized C70/Ni cables show uniaxial magnetic anisotropy with the easy magnetic axis being parallel to the long axis of the Ni nanowires. C70/Ni cables also exhibit a new magnetic transition at ca. 10 K in the magnetization–temperature (M–T) curve, which is not observed for the analogous C60/Ni structures. The origin of this transition is not yet clear, but might be related to interactions between the Ni nanowires and C70 molecules. There is no preferred magnetization axis in submicrometer‐sized C60/Ni cables, which implies that the Ni nanocrystals have different packing modes in the two composites. These different crystalline packing modes lead to different magnetic anisotropy in the two composites, although the Ni nanocrystals have the same face‐centered cubic (fcc) structure in both cases.
Solid‐State Pyrolysis of Polyphenylene–Metal Complexes: A Facile Approach Toward Carbon Nanoparticles
Authors: El Hamaoui B. , Zhi L. , Wu J. , Li J. , Lucas N. T. , Tomović Ž. , Kolb U. , Müllen K.
Published: March 2007

Novel polyphenylene–metal complexes with discotic, linear, and dendritic geometries are synthesized by using a facile approach consisting of reactions between Co2(CO)8 and ethynyl functionalities in dichloromethane. Various carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), including graphitic carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphitic carbon rods, and carbon–metal hybrid particles are obtained from the solid‐state pyrolysis of these complexes. The ultimate structures of the CNPs are found to be dependant on the structure and composition of the starting compounds. Precursors containing graphenes always result in graphitic CNTs in high yield, whereas dendritic precursors give rodlike carbon materials. Alternatively, linear oligo(arylethylene) precursors afford mostly carbon–metal hybrids with large amounts of amorphous carbon. Furthermore, the CNP structures could be controlled by adjusting the carbon/metal ratio, the type and position of the metal incorporated into the precursor, and the mode of pyrolysis. These results provide further chances toward understanding the mechanism of CNP formation.
Sulfonation of (glycidyl methacrylate) chains grafted onto nonwoven polypropylene fabric
Authors: Bondar Yuliya V. , Kim Hong Je , Lim Yong Jin
Published: March 2007

Sulfonation of polyglycidyl methacrylate (PGMA) chains grafted onto nonwoven polypropylene fabric is investigated in detail. Sulfonation reaction consists in implantation of sulfonate groups via epoxy ring‐opening of PGMA chains grafted onto nonwoven polypropylene fabric by reaction between the GMA‐grafted sample and sodium hydrogensulfite in water–dimethylformamide solution. On the basis of analyses of IR spectra of the appropriate samples and data of backward titration, two simultaneous processes are demonstrated to take place during the sulfonation reaction. These processes are the implantation of sulfonate groups via opening of the GMA epoxy rings and hydrolysis of the GMA epoxy rings with α‐glycol groups formation. The main peculiarities of the sulfonation reaction in depending on the GMA grafting degree are reported. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
A novel type of Si‐containing acrylic resins: Synthesis, characterization, and film properties
Authors: Küçükoğlu E. , Acar I. , İyim T. B. , Özgümüş S.
Published: March 2007

A novel type of Si‐containing acrylic resins was prepared by two steps and investigated their usage as surface coatings materials. At first a reactive polysiloxane intermediate Z‐6018 was reacted with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in toluene at 110°C under N2 atmosphere. After the condensation reaction was stopped, reacted with different acrylic ester monomers such as ethyl acrylate (EA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) at different mole ratio (1/3 and 1/4) by the free radical addition polymerization. Structures of Si‐containing acrylic resins were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) and thermal properties of these resins were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry DSC techniques. Surface coating properties of the films prepared from these resin were also determined. The results showed that all films are flexible, glossy or semi gloss and have excellent drying and adhesion properties. All films also exhibit abrasion resistances moderately. Water resistance of the films was generally modified by cured in oven and alkaline resistance of the films prepared from resins containing ethyl acrylate units are excellent. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Influence of an ethylene‐octene copolymer and of pollutants in PP/EPR blends
Authors: Mnif Nizar , Massardier‐Nageotte Valérie , Jaziri Mohamed
Published: March 2007

The objective of this work was to study the effectiveness of commercial compatibilizers (E‐EA‐MAH copolymer) on the morphology of blends of polypropylene/ethylene polypropylene rubber (PP/EPR) (78/22) and metallocenic ethylene‐octene copolymer (EOC) polluted by (poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) and by an oil for engine. Blends of various compositions (with and without compatibilizer or pollutant), were prepared using a corotating twin‐screw extruder. In both cases, the analyses of blend morphologies highlighted the poor adherence between the two phases in the uncompatibilized blends. Compatibilized polluted blends display better adherence between phases. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry show that the compatibilizer improves the adhesion between both phases and enables stress transfer at the interface. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
New thermosets obtained by cationic copolymerization of DGEBA with γ‐caprolactone with improvement in the shrinkage. II. Time–temperature–transformation (TTT) cure diagram
Authors: González Servando , Fernández‐Francos Xavier , Maria Salla Josep , Serra Angels , Mantecón Ana , Ramis Xavier
Published: March 2007

Mixtures of diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with different proportions of γ‐caprolactone (γ‐CL) were cured with ytterbium triflate as initiator. The curing was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo mechanical analysis (TMA). The results are presented in the form of a time–temperature–transformation diagram. The kinetic analysis was performed by means of the isoconversional integral procedure and the kinetic model was also determined using the Coats–Redfern method. Gelation was determined by means of combined experiences of DSC and TMA. The relationship between the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the degree of conversion α was determined by DSC. Using the isoconversional lines and the Tg‐α relationship, the vitrificacion curve was obtained. The methodology developed makes it possible to obtain the TTT diagram using only no‐isothermal experiments with equivalent results to those using classical isothermal procedures. The addition of γ‐CL accelerates the curing and reduces the shrinkage after gelation and consequently the internal stresses in the material. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Solvothermal preparation and characterization of maleic anhydride grafting high density polyethylene copolymer
Authors: Shen Yanhan , Qi Rongrong , Liu Qiaochu , Zhou Chixing
Published: March 2007

In this article, the grafting copolymerization of maleic anhydride (MAH) onto high density polyethylene (HDPE) was carried out through solvothermal process. Infrared spectra (IR) revealed that MAH had been successfully grafted onto the HDPE backbone. The influences of the reaction parameters on the grafting copolymerization, e.g., the concentration of the initiator, MAH and HDPE content, reaction time, reaction temperature, comonomer, and different solvents were also studied. Further studies found that MAH could be grafted onto HDPE in both good solvents and poor solvents, which was much different from the traditional solution grafting method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Synthesis, characterization, thermal analysis, and band gap of oligo‐2‐methoxy‐6‐[(4‐methylphenyl)imino]methylphenol
Authors: Kaya İsmet , Bilici Ali
Published: March 2007

The oxidative polycondensation reaction conditions of 2‐methoxy‐6‐[(4‐methylphenyl)imino]methylphenol (2M‐4‐MPIMP) by using oxidants such as air O2, H2O2 and NaOCl were studied in an aqueous alkaline medium between 30 and 90°C. The structures of synthesized monomer and oligomer were confirmed by FTIR, UV–vis, 1H NMR, 13CNMR, and elemental analysis. The characterization was made by TG–DTA, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and solubility tests. At the optimum reaction conditions, the yield of oligo (O)‐2M‐4‐MPIMP was 68% for air O2 oxidant, 68% for H2O2 oxidant, and 82% for NaOCl oxidant. According to the SEC analysis, the number– average molecular weight (Mn), weight–average molecular weight (Mw), and polydispersity index (PDI) values of O‐2M‐4‐MPIMP were found to be 695, 1000 g mol−1 and 1.439, using air O2, and 670, 795 g mol−1 and 1.187, using NaOCl, and 645, 790 g mol−1 and 1.225, using H2O2, respectively. TG–DTA analyses were shown to be stable of O‐2M‐4‐MPIMP against thermal decomposition. The weight losses of 2M‐4‐MPIMP and O‐2M‐4‐MPIMP were found to be 98.46% and 89.54% at 1000°C, respectively. Also, electrical conductivity of the O‐2M‐4‐MPIMP was measured, showing that the polymer is typical semiconductor. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of monomer and oligomer were determined from the onset potentials for n‐doping and p‐doping, respectively. Optical energy gaps (Eg) of 2M‐4‐MPIMP and O‐2M‐4‐MPIMP were calculated from UV–vis measurements. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Adsorption and desorption properties of expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) films grafted with DMAEMA and their regeneration
Authors: Yamada Kazunori , Takagi Chiyo , Hirata Mitsuo
Published: March 2007

An investigation was undertaken on the adsorption and desorption properties of the expanded poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (ePTFE) films grafted with 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) to anionic dye anions with one to three sulfonic groups in response to temperature changes. The amount of adsorbed metanil yellow (MY) anions increased with the grafted amount and most of the dimethylamino groups appended to the grafted PDMAEMA chains worked as an adsorption site to MY anions for the DMAEMA‐grafted ePTFE (ePTFE‐g‐PDMAEMA) films with the grafted amounts of higher than 1.1 mmol/g. When the dye‐anion‐adsorbed ePTFE‐g‐PDMAEMA films were alternately immersed in water at two different temperatures, dye anions were desorbed from the ePTFE‐g‐PDMAEMA films at higher temperatures without any chemical agents. The amount of desorbed dye anions increased with an increase in the temperature of water from 40 to 80°C. Desorption of dye anions is caused by either deprotonation of dimethylamino groups appended to the grafted PDMAEMA chains or thermosensitive contraction of the grafted PDMAEMA chains. These results indicate that the ePTFE‐g‐PDMAEMA films can be applied as a regenerative ion‐exchange membrane for adsorption and desorption processes of anionic compounds in response to the temperature change. The thermally regenerative ion‐exchange properties of the ePTFE‐g‐PDMAEMA films was superior to that of the PE‐g‐PDMAEMA films reported in our previous article in the fact that the total degree of desorption was higher for the ePTFE‐g‐PDMAEMA films. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Vasculitis in the antiphospholipid syndrome. A cause of ischemia responding to corticosteroids
Authors: Goldberger Edward , Elder Rachel C. , Schwartz Robert A. , Phillips Paul E.
Published: March 2007

A 63‐year‐old woman with atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease and the lupus anticoagulant developed ischemia of the right lower extremity, requiring progressive amputations. Pathologic specimens revealed inflammatory vasculitis in multiple arteries. Her serum showed anticardiolipin antibodies in high titer. Treatment with high‐dose corticosteroids reversed the ischemic process. In patients with antiphospholipid antibodies, thrombosis is the most common pathologic finding associated with cutaneous lesions and/or gangrene. Vasculitis, although uncommon, is known to occur and may respond to corticosteroid therapy.
Selective deficiency of c1s associated with a systemic lupus erythematosus—like syndrome. Report of a case
Authors: Suzuki Yoshio , Ogura Yosuke , Otsubo Osamu , Akagi Kunihiko , Fujita Teizo
Published: March 2007

We describe a patient who developed a systemic lupus erythematosus‐like syndrome characterized by bilateral malar erythema, antinuclear antibody, and anti—double‐stranded DNA antibody. He was started on hemodialysis (3 times/week) because of renal failure. He completely lacked total hemolytic complement (CH50) activity, which was subsequently determined to be due to the absence of the first component of complement (CI). The specificity was further defined, by Ouchterlony analysis using anti‐CIs antiserum, and was found to be the C1 subcomponent C1s. There was no absence of C1r. We conclude that this is a case of selective deficiency of C1s.
Introductory bioinformatics exercises utilizing hemoglobin and chymotrypsin to reinforce the protein sequence‐structure–function relationship
Authors: Inlow Jennifer K. , Miller Paige , Pittman Bethany
Published: March 2007

We describe two bioinformatics exercises intended for use in a computer laboratory setting in an upper‐level undergraduate biochemistry course. To introduce students to bioinformatics, the exercises incorporate several commonly used bioinformatics tools, including BLAST, that are freely available online. The exercises build upon the students' background knowledge of hemoglobin and chymotrypsin, and foster a better understanding of how protein sequence relates to structure and function.
Utilization of integrated Michaelis‐Menten equation to determine kinetic constants
Authors: Bezerra Rui M. F. , Dias Albino A.
Published: March 2007

Students of biochemistry and related biosciences are urged to solve problems where kinetic parameters are calculated from initial rates obtained at different substrate concentrations. Troubles begin when they go to the laboratory to perform kinetic experiments and realize that usual laboratory instruments do not measure initial rates but only substrate or product concentrations as a function of reaction time. To overcome this problem we present a methodology which uses the integrated form of Michaelis‐Menten equation. The method presented has a theoretical and pedagogic basis which is not as arbitrary as other approaches. Here we present and describe the methodology for analyzing time course data together with some examples of the essential computer procedures to implement these analyses. To simplify the understanding of this methodology the experimental examples are confined to linear inhibitions and experimental points utilized are the same from which the initial rates are determined.
The personal response: A novel writing assignment to engage first year students in large human biology classes
Authors: Moni Roger W. , Moni Karen B. , Lluka Lesley J. , Poronnik Philip
Published: March 2007

The teaching of highly valued scientific writing skills in the first year of university is challenging. This report describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of a novel written assignment, The Personal Response and accompanying Peer Review, in the course, Human Biology (BIOL1015) at The University of Queensland. These assignments were the first assessment tasks of the course and were set early in the first semester of university. BIOL1015 had a diverse cohort of 319 first year students from five bachelor degree programs, primarily from Pharmacy and Human Movement Studies. Audio files in the form of interviews with eminent biomedical scientists were obtained from a leading public radio program. Students used these files as triggers to submit a short but highly structured assignment written from a personal perspective and in an expressive style. Evaluations revealed that overall, students found the task interesting and challenging. Students performed well, regardless of their background knowledge, disciplinary interest, or preference for topics within human biology. This study demonstrated that The Personal Response was an appropriate task for these first year students of human biology. It represents an alternative to traditional essay writing.
Diphenic Acid as a General Conformational Lock in the Design of Bihelical Structures
Authors: Karle Isabella L. , Venkateshwarlu Punna , Nagaraj Ramakrishnan , Sarma Akella V. S. , Vijay Dolly , Sastry Narahari G. , Ranganathan Subramania
Published: March 2007

The bihelical (figure of “∞”) topology was examined from vantages of design, crystal structures, chirality, circular dichroism (CD) studies and molecular‐orbital calculations. The minimalistic design envisaged the sequential linking of cystine to the anchor diphenic acid, which proved to be a general conformational lock. The bihelical compound 4 was obtained in two steps from diphenic anhydride 1 and cystine di‐OMe. The chirality of 4 arises largely from the L‐cystine. The bihelical compound 5 obtained from D‐cystine di‐OMe was found, by X‐ray crystallography, CD studies, and optical rotation, to be the perfect mirror image of 4 prepared from L‐cystine. The crystal structure of prototype 8, prepared by protocols used for 4 from the achiral cystine analogue cystamine, had a “U”‐shaped conformation held together by intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Analysis of 4 and 5 show that the pairs of nine‐membered β‐turn‐like constructs made compact through hydrogen bonding with DMSO hold the key for the bihelical conformation. Another factor is the need for the presence of a ligand at the Cα position. The absence of this, as in 8, allows major flexibility in the torsional angles around this critical region, promoting flexible alternatives. The CD analysis of 4, confirmed to be bihelical by X‐ray crystallography, showed a typical negative band at about 210 Å attributed to the β‐turn‐like motif, and in the positive‐band region a peak at about 227 Å, generally related to the twist of the biphenyl unit. The cystamine analogue 8, which showed a “U”‐type structure, presented a CD spectrum with no typical features. The total energy, derived from theoretical calculations by using the X‐ray structure data, support the bihelical structure for 4 and a “U”‐shaped one for 8. The limited utility of such calculations was tested with composite 9. Composite 9, in which the anchor diphenic acid is linked to cystamine on the one hand and to cystine on the other, showed a CD spectrum similar to that of 4, and this coupled with molecular‐orbital calculations, using data from 4 and 8, predict a bihelical structure for this compound.
Controlling Polymer Properties through Dynamic Metal–Ligand Interactions: Supramolecular Cruciforms Made Easy
Authors: Gerhardt Warren W. , Zucchero Anthony J. , South Clinton R. , Bunz Uwe H. F. , Weck Marcus
Published: March 2007

A straightforward methodology towards the supramolecular synthesis of novel organometallic polymers with attractive optical properties is presented. By coordinating bifunctional fluorescent cruciform molecules through ditopic metalated pincer complexes (Pd or Pt), we have synthesized a new class of well‐defined coordination polymers that have controllable and tunable physical and photophysical properties. The formation of these new materials by employing metal coordination was monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy, the association strength of the metal–ligand interaction was measured by isothermal titration calorimetry, the solution polymeric properties were evaluated by viscometry, and the optical properties were measured and observed by fluorescence spectroscopy. The fast and quantitative synthesis of a wide range of prefabricated monomeric cruciform and metalated‐pincer‐complex components will allow for the rapid generation, growth, and optimization of this new class of functional polymers, which have potential electronic and optical applications.