bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Intergenerational Transmission of Life Satisfaction between Parents and Children and the Mediating Role of Supportive Parenting
Authors: Augustijn Lara
Published: March 2021

Processes of intergenerational transmission can have long-lasting negative consequences for children, thereby perpetuating or exacerbating existing social and health inequalities within society. The present study investigates the intergenerational transmission of life satisfaction between parents and their adolescent children. Based on cross-sectional data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), multilevel linear regression models were estimated for 4,154 adolescents at the age of 17 years, and their parents. The statistical analysis provided evidence for the intergenerational transmission of life satisfaction between parents and their children, as parents’ levels of life satisfaction were positively and significantly related to levels of life satisfaction in adolescents. Furthermore, mothers’ and fathers’ supportive parenting partially mediated this relationship, with higher levels of supportive parenting contributing to increased levels of adolescent life satisfaction. However, the results of the analysis revealed no significant differences between same-sex and opposite-sex parent–child dyads in the intergenerational transmission of life satisfaction.
Communication Pattern, Dyadic Adjustment, and Parenting Practices among Married Couples in India: Mediating Role of Dyadic Coping
Authors: Indumathy J. , Kanth Barani
Published: March 2021

The primary goal of the current study was to examine the dyadic association between communication patterns (CP), dyadic coping (DC) efforts, dyadic adjustment (DA), and parenting practices (PP), using a sample of 340 married couples ( N = 680) in India. The findings from the actor–partner interdependence mediation modeling (APIMeM) indicated that the husbands showed both actor and partner effects between all the variables. The actor and partner effects were not significant for the link between communication patterns and dyadic coping for wives. Still, they showed significant actor and partner effects for the association between dyadic coping and dyadic adjustment, as well as parenting practices. One’s own and spouse’s dyadic coping mediated the association between communication patterns and dyadic adjustment and parenting practices for husbands but not wives. These findings shed light on the communication and coping mechanisms and their link with adjustment and parenting practices among couples beyond Western cultural contexts.
Animals in Dreams of Children, Adolescents, and Adults: The UK Library Study
Authors: Schredl Michael , Blagrove Mark
Published: March 2021

Animal dreams have fascinated mankind for ages. Empirical research indicated that children dream more often about animals than adults and dogs, cats, and horses are the most frequent animals that appear within dreams. Moreover, most dreamer-animal interactions are negative. The present study included 4849 participants (6 to 90 yrs. old) reporting 2716 most recent dreams. Overall, 18.30% of these dreams included animals with children reporting more animal dreams that adolescents and adults. The most frequent animals were again dogs, horses, and cats; about 20% of the dream animals were in fact pets of the dreamers. About 30% of the dream animals showed bizarre features, e.g., metamorphosing into humans or other animals, bigger than in real life, or can talk. Taken together, the findings support the continuity hypothesis of dreaming but also the idea that dreams reflect waking-life emotions in a metaphorical and dramatized way. Future studies should focus on eliciting waking-life experiences with animals, e.g., having a pet, animal-related media consumption, and relating these to experiences with animals in dreams.
A review of functionalised bacterial cellulose for targeted biomedical fields
Authors: Emre Oz Yunus , Keskin-Erdogan Zalike , Safa Neriman , Esin Hames Tuna E
Published: March 2021

Bacterial cellulose (BC), which can be produced by microorganisms, is an ideal biomaterial especially for tissue engineering and drug delivery systems thanks to its properties of high purity, biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, high crystallinity, 3 D nanofiber structure, porosity and high-water holding capacity. Therefore, wide ranges of researches have been done on the BC production process and its structural and physical modifications to make it more suitable for certain targeted biomedical applications thoroughly. BC’s properties such as mechanical strength, pore diameter and porosity can be tuned in situ or ex situ processes by using various polymer and compounds. Besides, different organic or inorganic compounds that support cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation or provide functions such as antimicrobial effectiveness can be gained to its structure for targeted application. These processes not only increase the usage options of BC but also provide success for mimicking the natural tissue microenvironment, especially in tissue engineering applications. In this review article, the studies on optimisation of BC production in the last decade and the BC modification and functionalisation studies conducted for the three main perspectives as tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound dressing with diverse approaches are summarized.
Multi-objective optimization of crash box filled with three-dimensional cellular structure under multi-angle impact loading
Authors: Ma Fangwu , Liang Hongyu , Pu Yongfeng , Wang Qiang , Zhao Ying
Published: March 2021

Oblique impact loading conditions are common in automobile collision accidents, which strongly influence the energy absorption performance of thin-walled structures. In this paper, a novel three-dimensional (3-D) hexagonal structure-filled crash box with better comprehensive crashworthiness under multiple working conditions is proposed. First, the finite element models of four 3-D typical cellular structures (hexagon structure, re-entrant hexagon structure, star-shape structure, double arrow structure) are established. The dynamic responses of four structures under different impact angles (from 0° to 30°) and impact velocities (from 5 to 15 m/s) are discussed. The results reveal that the 3-D hexagonal structure has great advantages in terms of the energy absorption at varying inclination angles. Second, the 3-D hexagonal structure is filled in the crash box in the form of gradient distribution. The multi-island genetic algorithm (MIGA) based on the response surface model (RSM) is utilized to explore the optimal design of crash box. Compared with the traditional crash box, the optimal 3-D hexagonal structure-filled crash box increases 18.9% in specific energy absorption and decreases 21.7% in maximum peak force, which demonstrates great potential for applications in impact engineering.
Not all hubs are made equal: A case study of airport governance in Europe
Authors: Bloch Jens Hundevad , Janko Krzysztof , Thessen Thomas , Jensen Ole B , Lassen Claus
Published: March 2021

The entire aviation industry was severely hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, leaving airplanes stranded and airports empty of the usual hustle. While the full consequences of this crisis are yet unknown, it only adds fuel to the ongoing debates about the future of the aviation sector, including airport capacity and environmental challenges facing many hub airports around Europe. While conventional aviation research describes the development of hub airports as a function of varying geo-economic variables, this research sheds light on the societal underpinnings of the makings of hub airports. From an airport governance perspective, a case study of four European hub airports, representing both expanding and struggling hubs, was conducted. Based on interviews with 31 airport stakeholders from four different countries (i.e. Belgium, Finland, the Netherlands and Switzerland) as well as a review of strategic and policy documents, the authors argue that the development of hub airports and their corresponding governance models is a non-linear process, informed to a great degree by societal and discursive factors. The authors conclude that developing and sustaining a well-functioning hub airport that supports regional development necessitates an active stance from local, regional and national authorities. A clear and strategic governance model is needed, one that is not limited to ownership and regulation questions, but one that guarantees a wide-ranging consensus among airport stakeholders. Finally, the paper provides a perspective on future potentials and challenges facing European hub airports.
Influence of the Internet on Retailer’s Perceived Quality in the Generation of Retailer’s Brand Equity
Authors: Gallart-Camahort Valentín , Fiol Luis Callarisa , García Javier Sánchez
Published: March 2021

This study analyses the relationship between the different components of the retailer’s brand equity, as well as the influence that the use of Internet has on the formation of retailer’s brand equity. As some authors point out, there is a need for a measure of the retailer’s brand equity (Boo et al., 2008, Tourism Management, Vol. 30, pp. 219–231; Lee & Back, 2010, Tourism Management, Vol. 31, pp. 395–401). The model proposed to analyse retailer’s brand equity is based on the one used by Boo et al. (2008, Tourism Management, Vol. 30, pp. 219–231), who, in turn, start from the brand equity proposal of the authors Aaker (1991, Managing brand equity: Capitalizing on the value of a brand name, The Free Press) and Keller (1993, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 57, pp. 1–22). A theoretical a priori model was specified according to the results in previous literature and our hypotheses. Prior to testing the model, the dimensionality of the scales was established with confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs). Once the dimensionality was established, full structural equation model (SEM) was tested. This study provides evidence on the effect of the use of Internet on retailer’s perceived quality. In turn, the influence that this variable has on the retailer’s image and on its perceived value is shown. These relationships have an influence on consumer loyalty to the retailer, which, in turn, generates brand equity for the retailer.
Earnings and Investment Differentials Between Migrants and Natives: A Study of Female Street Vendors in Bengaluru City
Authors: Kambara Channamma , Bairagya Indrajit
Published: March 2021

This article explores whether there exists any difference in the earnings of self-employed migrant and native street vendors in a metro city, and if so, in what ways this difference is prominent. In order to accomplish the objective, we have collected data from women street vendors from Bengaluru city. The results depict that although there is no significant difference in the earnings between native and migrant street vendors, a significant difference exists in the size of investments made by them, that is, to earn the same amount of income, migrants need to invest more than natives. Moreover, the results, based on the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition method, indicate that the pre-labour market endowment factors do not make a significant contribution to the overall difference in the rate of returns. The difference, instead, mainly exists because of the coefficient differences, which can be attributed to discrimination.
New Patterns of Urbanization in Indonesia: Emergence of Non-statutory Towns and New Extended Urban Regions
Authors: Mardiansjah Fadjar Hari , Rahayu Paramita , Rukmana Deden
Published: March 2021

Indonesia is home to more than 260 million people and is one of the world’s most rapidly urbanizing countries. Between 1980 and 2010, Indonesia’s urban population grew about fourfold, from 32.8 to 118.3 million. Using data from National Census publications, this article examines the urbanization patterns and trends in urban growth in Indonesia from 1980 to 2010. The urbanization process has increased the number of cities in Indonesia from 50 to 94 and expanded large urban regions. Most of these expanded urban regions are located on the island of Java, including the metropolitan areas of Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, Semarang, Malang, Surakarta and Yogyakarta. The article also identifies the emergence of non-statutory towns and new extended urban regions outside the jurisdictions of urban municipalities. The policy implications of the emergence of such urban areas are additionally discussed.
Is Population Density a Risk Factor for Communicable Diseases Like COVID-19? A Case of Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md. Zakiul
Published: March 2021

Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world struggling to prevent COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). This study employed correlation, cluster analysis, and multiple linear regression analyses using district-wise COVID-19 infection and socioeconomic data. It is observed that there is a strong positive correlation ( r = 0.876, P < .001) between population density and COVID-19, explaining a 60% variation in Bangladesh. The relationship between urbanization and COVID-19 is also positively strong ( r = 0.802, P < .001). Urban settlements have a higher risk of spreading diseases due to the enormous population density. For future planning to prevent COVID-19 and other related infectious diseases, population density should be considered a risk factor.
Power-efficient adaptive behavior through a shape-changing elastic robot
Authors: Katiyar Shiv Ashutosh , Gouwanda Darwin , Iida Fumiya , Nurzaman Surya Girinatha
Published: March 2021

The adaptive morphology of a robot, such as shape adaptation, plays a significant role in adapting its behaviors. Shape adaptation should ideally be achieved without considerable cost, like the power required to deform the robot’s body, and therefore, it is reasonably considered as the last resort in classical rigid robots. However, the last decade has seen an increasing interest in soft robots: robots that can achieve deformability through their inherent material properties or structural compliance. Nevertheless, the dynamics of these types of robots is often complex and therefore it is difficult to substantiate whether the cost like the required power for changing its shape will be worthwhile to achieve the desired behavior. This article presents an approach in the development and analysis of a shape-changing locomoting robot, which relies on the ability of elastic beams to deform and vibrate. Through a proper use of elastic materials and the robot’s vibration-based dynamics, it will be shown both analytically and experimentally how shape adaptation can be designed such that it leads to desirable behaviors, with better power efficiency compared to when the robot solely relies on changing its control input. The results encourage emerging direction in robotics that investigates approaches to change robots’ behaviors through their adaptive morphology.
Patient Engagement in Home Health: The Role of Health Literacy and “Ask Me Three®”
Authors: Lord Justin , Borkowski Nancy , Weech-Maldonado Robert
Published: March 2021

Health literacy has been identified as a barrier to patient engagement among older adults, especially within the home health care setting. This systematic literature review explores patient engagement; the relationship between patient engagement and health literacy; and finally, best practices for improving patient engagement through health literacy. Various interventions were explored but the “Ask Me Three®” tool created by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement and the National Patient Safety Foundation, was a best practice for improving patient engagement through increased health literacy. This educational intervention is a high-touch, low-cost, process designed to engage patients, and their informal caregivers in their own care through increased communication by asking three important questions: (1) What is my main problem?, (2) What do I need to do?, and (3) Why is it important for me to do this? These questions make the patient engage with their provider to identify their main health problem; what actions need to be taken to improve their health, and why those actions are important. Providers can potentially influence patient’s behavior through engagement and increased health literacy. The “Ask Me Three®” intervention is an example of how increased patient engagement and health literacy can lead to better health outcomes. The “Ask Me Three®” intervention may improve the quality of home health care.
The predictive value of brain natriuretic peptide or N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide for weaning outcome in mechanical ventilation patients: Evidence from SROC
Authors: Liu Jian , Wang Chuan-jiang , Ran Jun-huai , Lin Shi-hui , Deng Dan , Ma Yu , Xu Fang
Published: March 2021

Objective:

Mechanical ventilation is an important treatment for critically ill patients. Physicians generally perform a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) to determine whether the patients can be weaned from mechanical ventilation, but almost 17% of the patients who pass the SBT still require respiratory support. Cardiac dysfunction is an important cause of weaning failure. The use of brain natriuretic peptide or N-terminal pro-BNP is a simple method to assess cardiac function. We performed a systematic review of investigations of brain natriuretic peptide or N-terminal pro-BNP as predictors of weaning from mechanical ventilation.

Data sources:

PubMed (1950 to December 2020), Cochrane, and Embase (1974 to December 2020), and some Chinese databases for additional articles (China Biology Medicine (CBM), China Science and Technology Journal Database (CSTJ), and Wanfang Data and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)).

Study selection:

We systematically searched observation studies investigating the predictive value of brain natriuretic peptide or N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in weaning outcome of patients with mechanical ventilation.

Data extraction:

Two independent reviewers extracted data. The differences are resolved through consultation.

Data synthesis:

We included 18 articles with 1416 patients and extracted six index tests with pooled sensitivity and specificity for each index test. For the BNP change rate predicting weaning success, the pooled sensitivity was 89% (83%–94%) and the pooled specificity was 82% (72%–89%) with the highest pooled AUC of 0.9511.

Conclusions:

The brain natriuretic peptide change rate is a reliable predictor of weaning outcome from mechanical ventilation.
Carotid artery stenting in a patient with an incidentally found double aortic arch: A case report
Authors: Kitamura Yuki , Sakata Hiroyuki , Ezura Masayuki , Ishida Tomohisa , Endo Hidenori , Inoue Takashi , Tominaga Teiji
Published: March 2021

Double aortic arch is a type of congenital vascular ring, which rarely presents in adults. Herein, we report a case of carotid artery stenting (CAS) accompanied by an incidentally found double aortic arch. A 77-year-old man presented with bilateral severe carotid artery stenosis. The patient underwent truncal 3D-computed tomography angiography (CTA) to evaluate the access route before CAS, which lead to the diagnosis of an asymptomatic double aortic arch. Referring to the 3D-CTA images, a guiding catheter was successfully navigated to the targeted common carotid artery via the transfemoral approach despite the challenging, complex anatomy of the aortic arch. CAS was performed in both carotid arteries under distal balloon protection, without any neurological deficits. Considering the possible presence of anatomical variants such as double aortic arch, preoperative evaluation of the access route would be efficient for prospective CAS patients.
Multifaceted needs of individuals living with peripheral arterial disease: A qualitative study
Authors: DiGiacomo Michelle , Prichard Ros , Allida Sabine , Delbaere Kim , Omari Abdullah , Inglis Sally C
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To ascertain a comprehensive perspective of the impact of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) on people including needs for access to disease specific information, education, services, and support.

Methods

Participants were recruited from outpatient clinics at a tertiary hospital in metropolitan Australia. Telephone and face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine individuals living with PAD and analysed using qualitative content thematic analysis.

Results

The nine participants were on average 74.2 (SD 10.9) years and predominantly women (67%). Lack of understanding of PAD and inconsistent information resulted in confusion regarding self-management strategies. Effects of pain and mobility problems were amplified for participants who lived alone and did not have an informal carer.

Discussion

Poor quality of life in PAD reflects pain, social isolation and fear of falls. Multidisciplinary teams with case managers should consider older people’s living situations and needs for additional support services and education to facilitate integrated care.
Quantification of training and match-play load across a season in professional youth football players
Authors: Maughan Patrick C , MacFarlane Niall G , Swinton Paul A
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to quantify load across an entire season for professional youth football players and assess the effects of stage of season, playing position and training day relative to match day (MD). Data from ratings of perceived exertion and seven global positioning system (GPS) derived measures of external training load were collected from 20 players across a 47-week season. Mixed linear models were used to assess the effects of stage of season, training proximity to match day (e.g. MD-1, MD-2) and position across each dependent variable. Training proximity to match day was found to have the most substantive effect with effect sizes ranging from small ([Formula: see text] to large ([Formula: see text]. Across training load measures, mean values collected on match day were on average 47% higher than all other sessions. Whilst significant regression coefficients were obtained for playing position (p ≤ 0.003) and stage of season (p ≤ 0.049), effect sizes were close to zero ([Formula: see text]in each instance. This study provides insight into the season-long training and match-play demands of a professional youth football team. It highlights the significant impact of match-play on load and supports the use of multiple methods of collecting training load data. Overall, there was limited variation in mean values of dependent variables across playing position, stage of the season and loading during midweek training. These findings highlight the need for future research to investigate whether greater systematic variations in training load can be used to increase physical fitness and maximise physical performance during competition.
Peri-urban water, sanitation and hygiene in Lusaka, Zambia: photovoice empowering local assessment via ecological theory
Authors: Nyambe Sikopo , Yamauchi Taro
Published: March 2021

Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) factors are responsible for 11.4% of deaths in Zambia, making WASH a key public health concern. Despite annual waterborne disease outbreaks in the nation’s peri-urban (slum) settlements being linked to poor WASH, few studies have proactively analysed and conceptualised peri-urban WASH and its maintaining factors. Our study aimed to (a) establish residents’ definition of peri-urban WASH and their WASH priorities; and (b) use ecological theory to analyse the peri-urban WASH ecosystem, highlighting maintaining factors. Our study incorporated 16 young people (aged 17–24) residing in peri-urban Lusaka, Zambia in a photovoice exercise. Participants took photographs answering the framing question: ‘What is WASH in your community?’. Then, through contextualisation and basic codifying, participants told the stories of their photographs and made posters to summarise problems and WASH priorities. Participant contextualisation and codifying further underwent theoretical thematic analysis to pinpoint causal factors alongside key players, dissecting the peri-urban WASH ecosystem via the five-tier ecological theory ranging from intrapersonal to public policy levels. Via ecological theory, peri-urban WASH was defined as: (a) a poor practice (intrapersonal, interpersonal); (b) a health hazard (community norm); (c) substandard and unregulated (public policy, organisational); and (d) offering hope for change (intrapersonal, interpersonal). Linked to these themes, participant findings revealed a community level gap, with public policy level standards, regulations and implementation having minimal impact on overall peri-urban WASH and public health due to shallow community engagement and poor acknowledgement of the WASH realities of high-density locations. Rather than a top-down approach, participants recommended increased government–resident collaboration, offering residents more ownership and empowerment for intervention, implementation and defending of preferred peri-urban WASH standards.
Intramedullary Fixation of Distal Fibula Fractures
Authors: Umbel Benjamin D. , Sharpe B. Dale , Reynolds Christopher , Philbin Terrence M.
Published: March 2021

Background

Ankle fractures pose a unique challenge to the treating orthopedic surgeon. Intramedullary (IM) distal fibula fixation is a relatively newer entity offering a viable option to minimize wound complications while providing similar outcomes. Our study utilizes an IM nail featuring proximal fixation via IM talons ensuring maintenance of fracture reduction this is the largest case series utilizing this novel device assessing time to weight-bearing (WB) and fracture union in addition to the safety and reproducibility of percutaneous reduction.

Methods

A retrospective case series was conducted on 51 ankle fractures treated with a single IM device for lateral malleolar fixation. Postoperative radiographs were assessed, qualifying reductions as good, fair, or poor based on a reduction classification. Patient charts were reviewed for fracture characteristics, reduction method, fracture union, time to WB, and complications.

Results

Mean follow-up time was 32.2 weeks; 47 fracture reductions (92%) were classified as good, and 4 (8%) were fair. All but 1 fracture (98%) went onto union. Average time to union was 10.3 weeks. Average time to WB with and without a walking boot was 6.8 and 11.2 weeks, respectively. Two patients experienced painful hardware. One patient had a superficial wound infection;

Conclusion

When evaluating this novel IM device, fracture union and time to union were found to be acceptable, with minimal wound or other complications. Percutaneous reduction permitted good fracture reduction quality. Consistent time to WB for a variety of fractures was reliably demonstrated following operative fixation with this device, including those in the elderly population.

Levels of Evidence:

Level IV: Clinical case series
The Influence of Asymptomatic Hypermobility on Unanticipated Cutting Biomechanics
Authors: Hanzlíková Ivana , Richards Jim , Athens Josie , Hébert-Losier Kim
Published: March 2021

Background:

Generalized joint hypermobility is an important risk factor for knee injuries, including to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Examining movement patterns specific to hypermobile individuals during sport-specific movements could facilitate development of targeted recommendations and injury prevention programs for this population.

Hypothesis:

Asymptomatic hypermobile participants will present kinematics measures suggestive of a greater risk of noncontact knee or ACL injuries.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

Forty-two (15 asymptomatic hypermobile and 27 nonhypermobile) individuals performed unanticipated side-step cutting on their dominant and nondominant legs. Ankle, knee, hip, pelvis, and trunk angles in all planes of motion were collected during the first 100 ms after initial contact using a 3-dimensional infrared system. Precontact foot-ground angles were also extracted. Data from hypermobile and nonhypermobile groups were compared using multiple regression models with sex as a confounder. When nonsignificant, the confounder was removed from the model. Effect sizes (Hedge g) were calculated in the presence of significant between-group differences.

Results:

Hypermobile individuals presented with lower minimum knee valgus angles with a mean difference of 3.5° ( P = 0.03, Hedge g = 0.69) and greater peak knee external rotation angles with a mean difference of −4.5° ( P = 0.04, Hedge g = 0.70) during dominant leg cutting, and lower peak ankle plantarflexion angles with a mean difference of 4.5° ( P = 0.03, Hedge g = 0.73) during nondominant leg cutting compared with nonhypermobile individuals.

Conclusion:

Based on current scientific evidence, however, the identified differences are not crucial biomechanical injury risk factors that could predispose asymptomatic hypermobile individuals to noncontact knee or ACL injuries.

Clinical Relevance:

Further research is needed to highlight differences between hypermobility groups. Knowledge of the differences between these groups may change the physical activity recommendations, prevention of injury, and rehabilitation approaches.
Predicting specific impulse distributions for spherical explosives in the extreme near-field using a Gaussian function
Authors: Pannell Jordan J , Panoutsos George , Cooke Sam B , Pope Dan J , Rigby Sam E
Published: March 2021

Accurate quantification of the blast load arising from detonation of a high explosive has applications in transport security, infrastructure assessment and defence. In order to design efficient and safe protective systems in such aggressive environments, it is of critical importance to understand the magnitude and distribution of loading on a structural component located close to an explosive charge. In particular, peak specific impulse is the primary parameter that governs structural deformation under short-duration loading. Within this so-called extreme near-field region, existing semi-empirical methods are known to be inaccurate, and high-fidelity numerical schemes are generally hampered by a lack of available experimental validation data. As such, the blast protection community is not currently equipped with a satisfactory fast-running tool for load prediction in the near-field. In this article, a validated computational model is used to develop a suite of numerical near-field blast load distributions, which are shown to follow a similar normalised shape. This forms the basis of the data-driven predictive model developed herein: a Gaussian function is fit to the normalised loading distributions, and a power law is used to calculate the magnitude of the curve according to established scaling laws. The predictive method is rigorously assessed against the existing numerical dataset, and is validated against new test models and available experimental data. High levels of agreement are demonstrated throughout, with typical variations of <5% between experiment/model and prediction. The new approach presented in this article allows the analyst to rapidly compute the distribution of specific impulse across the loaded face of a wide range of target sizes and near-field scaled distances and provides a benchmark for data-driven modelling approaches to capture blast loading phenomena in more complex scenarios.
Caught in the moment: Are there person-specific associations between momentary procrastination and passively measured smartphone use?
Authors: Aalbers George , vanden Abeele Mariek M. P. , Hendrickson Andrew T. , de Marez Lieven , Keijsers Loes
Published: March 2021

Procrastination is an increasingly prevalent phenomenon. Although research suggests smartphones might be involved, little is known about the momentary association between different patterns of smartphone use and procrastination. In a preregistered study, 221 students ( Mage = 20, 55% female) self-reported procrastination five times a day for 30 days (i.e., experience sampling method) while their smartphone use was continuously monitored (i.e., passive logging). Using dynamic structural equation modeling on 27,151 observations, we estimated momentary within-person associations between procrastination and (a) total smartphone use and use of specific application categories (social media, messaging, browsers, games, and video streaming), (b) notifications, and (c) smartphone use fragmentation. Procrastination was positively albeit weakly associated with all aforementioned patterns, and associations varied from person to person. Collectively, our findings suggest these popular devices potentially encourage dilatory behavior.
Effects of Various Antioxidant Pretreatment Modalities on Adhesion to Sound and Caries-Affected Dentin: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Degirmenci Beyza Unalan , Degirmenci Alperen , Kara Emine
Published: March 2021

Aim:

Natural antioxidants were offered as the answer of dentin adhesion issue. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of proanthocyanidin and lycopene as pretreatment agents on the sound and caries-affected dentin surface on microtensile bond strength and microleakage.

Materials and Methods:

This study was designed as in vitro because of that 84 mandibular molar teeth were collected. Forty-two of the included teeth were carious teeth, while the other 42 were without caries. Sixty of them were used for microleakage and 24 for microtensile bond strength testing and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The samples were divided into six subgroups randomly according to dentin pretreatments: 5% proanthocyanidin, 5% lycopene, and no antioxidant application. After the restorative procedures, samples were attached to the microtensile tester. Samples were subjected to tensile stress in the load cell until they broke at a speed of 0.5 mm per min. Microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and microleakage test data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance, Bonferroni correction, and Tamhane’s T2 tests.

Results:

Two-way variance analysis showed that dentin pretreatment applications, dentin substrate, and the interaction between these two parameters had statistically significant effects on µTBS values ( P < .001). There was no difference between dentin pretreatment applications in terms of microleakage scores ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

The application of dentin pretreatment with proanthocyanidin is a successful procedure that increases the bond strength in both dentin substrate, while pretreatment with lycopene in caries-affected dentin reduces it.
Relationship between neutrophils to HDL-C ratio and severity of coronary stenosis
Authors: Kou Tuli , Luo Haorou , Yin Lixue
Published: March 2021

Background

Lipid and inflammatory molecules play a key role in the development of inflammation. Neutrophil counts are used as markers of inflammation duration, and HDL-C is used as an anti-atherosclerosis component. However, few studies have been found to integrate these two indicators to explore coronary stenosis. We suggested that neutrophil count as a marker of inflammation persistence and HDL-C as an anti-atherosclerotic component should be integrated into a single biomarker NHR to explore its correlation with CAD degree and predict the severity of coronary stenosis among CAD patients.

Methods

We examined 404 eligible patients who underwent coronary angiography. Based on the results of coronary angiography, patients in CAD+ group (n = 155) were defined as those having angiographic coronary stenosis of at least 50% lumen reduction in at least one major coronary artery (including left anterior descending artery, left circumflex artery, left main coronary artery, right coronary artery). Patients with luminal stenosis but no more than 50% were defined as CAD− group (n = 49), and patients without luminal stenosis (n = 200) were regarded as control group. The relationship between various serum markers and the severity of coronary stenosis was examined by Spearman correlation analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the influencing factors of the severity of coronary artery disease.

Results

The modified Gensini score was positively correlated with neutrophil HDL-C ratio and negatively correlated with albumin and HDL-C. Multiple regression analysis showed that neutrophil HDL-C ratio were significantly associated with CAD. Neutrophil HDL-C ratio is an independent predictor of CAD. The ROC analysis provided a cut-off value of 1.51 for neutrophil HDL-C ratio to predict CAD with 94.8% sensitivity and 0.024 Yoden index, and area under the ROC curve of 0.617 (95% CI 0.560–0.675, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Neutrophil HDL-C ratio is not only closely related to coronary artery stenosis, but also an independent predictor of severe coronary stenosis.
Recurrent hemorrhage risk associated with medial target medullary artery anastomosis from the periventricular collateral vessel in adult patients with moyamoya disease
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Qingrong , Lu Xia , Liang Qun , Wang Yi , Zhu Yichao , Na Shijie , Liu Fang , Tang Liming , Yang Yongbo
Published: March 2021

Background

Although the association between periventricular target collateral anastomosis and recurrent ipsilateral hemorrhage has been evaluated in adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD), no studies have investigated the relationship between target anastomotic territory and recurrent ipsilateral hemorrhage. The goal of this study was to assess this association.

Methods

Consecutive adult MMD patients who had experienced initial intracranial hemorrhage and undergone conservative treatment were included. Two readers assessed angiographic results to identify the target anastomotic territory (medial medullary artery, lateral medullary artery, multiple medullary arteries, or nonmedullary artery) responsible for the hemorrhage. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the risk of recurrent hemorrhage.

Results

In the 36 hemispheres with initial hemorrhage, the target anastomotic territory was in the anastomotic territory of the medial medullary artery in 10 (27.8%), lateral medullary artery in 15 (41.7%), multiple medullary arteries in 2 (5.6%), and a nonmedullary artery in 9 (25.0%) hemispheres. During 45.1 ± 40.0 months of follow-up, recurrent ipsilateral hemorrhage occurred in 44.4% (16/36) of hemispheres. The target anastomotic territories responsible for the recurrent event were in the anastomotic territory of the medial medullary artery in 9 (56.3%) hemispheres, lateral medullary artery in 6 (37.5%) hemispheres, and multiple medullary arteries in 1 (6.3%) hemisphere. The anastomotic territory of the medial medullary artery was associated with recurrent hemorrhage before (HR = 2.94; 95% CI, 1.07–8.08; p = 0.037) and after (HR = 6.65; 95% CI, 1.32–33.60; p = 0.022) adjustments were made for confounding factors.

Conclusions

The incidence of recurrent ipsilateral hemorrhage varies with the target anastomotic territory in adult patients with MMD. Medial target medullary artery anastomosis is a significant risk factor for recurrent ipsilateral hemorrhage.
Osimertinib in advanced EGFR-T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer patients treated within the Special Use Medication Program in Spain: OSIREX-Spanish Lung Cancer Group
Authors: Provencio Mariano , Terrasa Josefa , Garrido Pilar , Campelo Rosario García , Aparisi Francisco , Diz Pilar , Aguiar David , García-Giron Carlos , Hidalgo Julia , Aguado Carlos , González Jorge García , Esteban Emilio , Gómez-Aldavarí Lorenzo , Moran Teresa , Juan Oscar , Chara Luís Enrique , Marti Juan L. , Castro Rafael López , Ortega Ana Laura , Moreno Elia Martínez , Coves Juan , Sánchez Peña Ana M. , Bosch-Barrera Joaquim , Gastaldo Amparo Sánchez , Núñez Natalia Fernández , del Barco Edel , Cobo Manuel , Isla Dolores , Majem Margarita , Navarro Fátima , Calvo Virginia
Published: March 2021

Background

AURA study reported 61% objective response rate and progression-free survival of 9.6 months with osimertinib in patients with EGFR/T790M+ non-small cell lung cancer. Due to lack of real-world data, we proposed this study to describe the experience with osimertinib in Spain.

Methods

Post-authorization, non-interventional Special Use Medication Program, multicenter, retrospective study in advanced EGFR/T790M+ non-small cell lung cancer. One hundred-fifty five patients were enrolled (August 2016–December 2018) from 30 sites. Primary objective: progression-free survival. Secondary objectives: toxicity profile, objective response rate, and use of health service resources.

Results

70% women, median age 66. 63.9% were non-smokers and 99% had adenocarcinoma. Most patients had received at least one prior treatment (97%), 91.7% had received previous EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors and 2.8% osimertinib as first-line treatment. At data cutoff, median follow-up was 11.8 months. One hundred-fifty five patients were evaluable for response, 1.3% complete response, 40.6% partial response, 31% stable disease and 11.6% disease progression. Objective response rate was 42%. Median progression-free survival was 9.4 months. Of the 155 patients who received treatment, 76 (49%) did not reported any adverse event, 51% presented some adverse event, most of which were grade 1 or 2. The resource cost study indicates early use is warranted.

Conclusion

This study to assess the real-world clinical impact of osimertinib showed high drug activity in pretreated advanced EGFR/T790M+ non-small cell lung cancer, with manageable adverse events.

Trial registration

Clinical trial registration number:NCT03790397.
Risk and prognostic factors of breast cancer with liver metastases
Authors: Ji Lei , Cheng Lei , Zhu Xiuzhi , Gao Yu , Fan Lei , Wang Zhonghua
Published: March 2021

Background

Liver metastasis is a significant adverse predictor of overall survival (OS) among breast cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk and prognostic factors of breast cancer with liver metastases (BCLM).

Methods

Data on 311,573 breast cancer patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and 1728 BCLM patients from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) were included. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for liver metastasis. Cox proportional hazards regression model was adopted to determine independent prognostic factors in BCLM patients.

Results

Young age, invasive ductal carcinoma, higher pathological grade, and subtype of triple-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) were risk factors for developing liver metastasis. The median OS after liver metastasis was 20.0 months in the SEER database and 27.3 months in the FUSCC dataset. Molecular subtypes also played a critical role in the survival of BCLM patients. We observed that hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2+ patients had the longest median OS (38.0 for SEER vs. 34.0 months for FUSCC), whereas triple-negative breast cancer had the shortest OS (9.0 vs. 15.6 months) in both SEER and FUSCC. According to the results from the FUSCC, the subtype of HR+/HER2+ (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.88–3.66; P < 0.001) and HR−/HER2+ (HR = 3.43; 95% CI = 2.28–5.15; P < 0.001) were associated with a significantly increased death risk in comparison with HR+/HER2- patients if these patients did not receive HER2-targeted therapy. For those who underwent HER2-targeted therapy, however, HR+/HER2+ subtype reduced death risk compared with HR+/HER2- subtype (HR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.58–0.95; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Breast cancer patients at a high risk for developing liver metastasis deserve more attention during the follow-up. BCLM patients with HR+/HER2+ subtype displayed the longest median survival than HR+/HER2- and triple-negative patients due to the introduction of HER2-targeted therapy and therefore it should be recommended for HER2+ BCLM patients.
Zygomatic implant penetration to the central portion of orbit: a case report
Authors: Mavriqi Luan , Lorusso Felice , Conte Roberto , Rapone Biagio , Scarano Antonio
Published: March 2021

Background

Zygomatic implants have been proposed in literature for atrophic maxillary fixed oral rehabilitations. The aim of the present research was to evaluate, by a clinical and tomography assessment, a surgical complication of a zygomatic implant penetration to the orbit.

Case presentation

A 56 year-old female patient was visited for pain and swelling in the left orbit after a zygomatic implant protocol. The orbit invasion of the zygomatic implant screw was confirmed by the CBCT scan. The patient was treated for surgical implant removal and the peri- and post-operative symptoms were assessed. No neurological complications were reported at the follow-up. The ocular motility and the visual acuity were well maintained. No purulent secretion or inflammatory evidence were reported in the post-operative healing phases.

Conclusion

The penetration of the orbit during a zygomatic implant positioning is a surgical complication that could compromise the sight and movements of the eye. In the present case report, a zygomatic implant removal resulted in an uneventful healing phase with recovery of the eye functions.
Association between self-care agency and depression and anxiety in patients with diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Zhang Bo , Wang Qin , Zhang Xuancan , Jiang Li , Li Lezhi , Liu Bangshan
Published: March 2021

Background

This study aimed at investigating: 1) the relationship between self-care agency and depression and anxiety; 2) the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with depression and anxiety in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in China.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted. One-hundred and five patients with DR were recruited. Self-care agency was assessed by the exercise of self-care agency (ESCA) scale. Depression and anxiety were assessed by the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS-D and HADS-A). Pearson or Spearman correlations were performed to assess the association between self-care agency and depression and anxiety. Stepwise multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the contribution of the sociodemographic and clinical factors to depression and anxiety.

Results

Thirty-six (34.3%) and 43 (41.1%) patients exhibited depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Only 24 (22.9%) patients showed a high self-care agency. The ESCA total and subscale scores were negatively correlated depressive symptoms (P < 0.05). Self-care skills were negatively correlated with anxiety symptoms (P < 0.05). ESCA total score, rural residence, history of hypertension and visual acuity were associated with depression; self-care skills and diastolic blood pressure were associated with anxiety.

Conclusions

Self-care agency negatively correlates with depression and anxiety in patients with DR. Special attention should be paid to patients living in rural areas and/or those having a history of hypertension when assessing depression and anxiety in patients with DR. Future studies are needed to clarify the causal relationship between self-care agency and depression and anxiety.