bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
β-arrestin 2 as an activator of cGAS-STING signaling and target of viral immune evasion
Authors: Zhang Yihua , Li Manman , Li Liuyan , Qian Gui , Wang Yu , Chen Zijuan , Liu Jing , Fang Chao , Huang Feng , Guo Daqiao , Zou Quanming , Chu Yiwei , Yan Dapeng
Published: November 2020

Virus infection may induce excessive interferon (IFN) responses that can lead to host tissue injury or even death. β-arrestin 2 regulates multiple cellular events through the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways. Here we demonstrate that β-arrestin 2 also promotes virus-induced production of IFN-β and clearance of viruses in macrophages. β-arrestin 2 interacts with cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and increases the binding of dsDNA to cGAS to enhance cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) production and the downstream stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and innate immune responses. Mechanistically, deacetylation of β-arrestin 2 at Lys171 facilitates the activation of the cGAS–STING signaling and the production of IFN-β. In vitro, viral infection induces the degradation of β-arrestin 2 to facilitate immune evasion, while a β-blocker, carvedilol, rescues β-arrestin 2 expression to maintain the antiviral immune response. Our results thus identify a viral immune-evasion pathway via the degradation of β-arrestin 2, and also hint that carvedilol, approved for treating heart failure, can potentially be repurposed as an antiviral drug candidate.
Systemic and sustained thioredoxin analogue prevents acute kidney injury and its-associated distant organ damage in renal ischemia reperfusion injury mice
Authors: Nishida Kento , Watanabe Hiroshi , Miyahisa Masako , Hiramoto Yuto , Nosaki Hiroto , Fujimura Rui , Maeda Hitoshi , Otagiri Masaki , Maruyama Toru
Published: November 2020

The mortality of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) remains high due to AKI associated-lung injury. An effective strategy for preventing both AKI and AKI-associated lung injury is urgently needed. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx) is a redox-active protein that possesses anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties including modulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), but its short half-life limits its clinical application. Therefore, we examined the preventive effect of a long-acting Trx, which is a fusion protein of albumin and Trx (HSA-Trx), against AKI and AKI-associated lung injury. Recombinant HSA-Trx was expressed using a Pichia expression system. AKI-induced lung injury mice were generated by bilateral renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). HSA-Trx administration attenuated renal IRI and its-associated lung injury. Both renal and pulmonary oxidative stress were suppressed by HSA-Trx. Moreover, HSA-Trx inhibited elevations of plasma IL-6 and TNF-α level, and suppressed IL-6–CXCL1/2-mediated neutrophil infiltration into lung and TNF-α-mediated pulmonary apoptosis. Additionally, HSA-Trx suppressed renal IRI-induced MIF expression in kidney and lung. Administration of HSA-Trx resulted in a significant increase in the survival rate of renal IRI mice. Collectively, HSA-Trx could have therapeutic utility in preventing both AKI and AKI-associated lung injury as a consequence of its systemic and sustained multiple biological action.
The importance of the surface roughness and running band area on the bottom of a stone for the curling phenomenon
Authors: Kameda Takao , Shikano Daiki , Harada Yasuhiro , Yanagi Satoshi , Sado Kimiteru
Published: November 2020

Curling is a sport in which players deliver a cylindrical granite stone on an ice sheet in a curling hall toward a circular target located 28.35 m away. The stone gradually moves laterally, or curls, as it slides on ice. Although several papers have been published to propose a mechanism of the curling phenomenon for the last 100 years, no established theory exists on the subject, because detailed measurements on a pebbled ice surface and a curling stone sliding on ice and detailed theoretical model calculations have yet to be available. Here we show using our precise experimental data that the curl distance is primarily determined by the surface roughness and the surface area of the running band on the bottom of a stone and that the ice surface condition has smaller effects on the curl distance. We also propose a possible mechanism affecting the curling phenomena of a curing stone based on our results. We expect that our findings will form the basis of future curling theories and model calculations regarding the curling phenomenon of curling stones. Using the relation between the curl distance and the surface roughness of the running band in this study, the curl distance of a stone sliding on ice in every curling hall can be adjusted to an appropriate value by changing the surface roughness of the running band on the bottom of a stone.
3D X-ray tomographic analysis reveals how coesite is preserved in Muong Nong-type tektites
Authors: Masotta Matteo , Peres Stefano , Folco Luigi , Mancini Lucia , Rochette Pierre , Glass Billy P. , Campanale Fabrizio , Gueninchault Nicolas , Radica Francesco , Singsoupho Sounthone , Navarro Enrique
Published: November 2020

Muong Nong-type (MN) tektites are a layered type of tektite associated to the Australasian strewn field, the youngest (790 kyr) and largest on Earth. In some MN tektites, coesite is observed in association with relict quartz and silica glass within inclusions surrounded by a froth layer. The formation of coesite-bearing frothy inclusions is here investigated through a 3D textural multiscale analysis of the vesicles contained in a MN tektite sample, combined with compositional and spectroscopic data. The vesicle size distribution testifies to a post-shock decompression that induced melting and extensive vesiculation in the tektite melt. Compared to free vesicles, nucleated homogeneously in the tektite melt, froth vesicles nucleated heterogeneously on relict quartz surfaces at the margins of coesite-bearing inclusions. The rapid detachment of the froth vesicles and prompt reactivation of the nucleation site favoured the packing of vesicles and the formation of the froth structure. Vesicle relaxation time scales suggest that the vesiculation process lasted few seconds. The formation of the froth layer was instrumental for the preservation of coesite, promoting quenching of the inclusion core through the subtraction of heat during froth expansion, thereby physically insulating the inclusion until the final quench of the tektite melt.
Concerted cell and in vivo screen for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) chemotherapeutics
Authors: Layeghi-Ghalehsoukhteh Somayeh , Pal Choudhuri Shreoshi , Ocal Ozhan , Zolghadri Yalda , Pashkov Victor , Niederstrasser Hanspeter , Posner Bruce A. , Kantheti Havish S. , Azevedo-Pouly Ana C. , Huang Huocong , Girard Luc , MacDonald Raymond J. , Brekken Rolf A. , Wilkie Thomas M.
Published: November 2020

PDA is a major cause of US cancer-related deaths. Oncogenic Kras presents in 90% of human PDAs. Kras mutations occur early in pre-neoplastic lesions but are insufficient to cause PDA. Other contributing factors early in disease progression include chronic pancreatitis, alterations in epigenetic regulators, and tumor suppressor gene mutation. GPCRs activate heterotrimeric G-proteins that stimulate intracellular calcium and oncogenic Kras signaling, thereby promoting pancreatitis and progression to PDA. By contrast, Rgs proteins inhibit Gi/q-coupled GPCRs to negatively regulate PDA progression. Rgs16::GFP is expressed in response to caerulein-induced acinar cell dedifferentiation, early neoplasia, and throughout PDA progression. In genetically engineered mouse models of PDA, Rgs16::GFP is useful for pre-clinical rapid in vivo validation of novel chemotherapeutics targeting early lesions in patients following successful resection or at high risk for progressing to PDA. Cultured primary PDA cells express Rgs16::GFP in response to cytotoxic drugs. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, TSA, stimulated Rgs16::GFP expression in PDA primary cells, potentiated gemcitabine and JQ1 cytotoxicity in cell culture, and Gem + TSA + JQ1 inhibited tumor initiation and progression in vivo. Here we establish the use of Rgs16::GFP expression for testing drug combinations in cell culture and validation of best candidates in our rapid in vivo screen.
Roles of two glutathione S-transferases in the final step of the β-aryl ether cleavage pathway in Sphingobium sp. strain SYK-6
Authors: Higuchi Yudai , Sato Daisuke , Kamimura Naofumi , Masai Eiji
Published: November 2020

Sphingobium sp. strain SYK-6 is an alphaproteobacterial degrader of lignin-derived aromatic compounds, which can degrade all the stereoisomers of β-aryl ether-type compounds. SYK-6 cells convert four stereoisomers of guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (GGE) into two enantiomers of α-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-β-hydroxypropiovanillone (MPHPV) through GGE α-carbon atom oxidation by stereoselective Cα-dehydrogenases encoded by ligD, ligL, and ligN. The ether linkages of the resulting MPHPV enantiomers are cleaved by stereoselective glutathione (GSH) S-transferases (GSTs) encoded by ligF, ligE, and ligP, generating (βR/βS)-α-glutathionyl-β-hydroxypropiovanillone (GS-HPV) and guaiacol. To date, it has been shown that the gene products of ligG and SLG_04120 (ligQ), both encoding GST, catalyze GSH removal from (βR/βS)-GS-HPV, forming achiral β-hydroxypropiovanillone. In this study, we verified the enzyme properties of LigG and LigQ and elucidated their roles in β-aryl ether catabolism. Purified LigG showed an approximately 300-fold higher specific activity for (βR)-GS-HPV than that for (βS)-GS-HPV, whereas purified LigQ showed an approximately six-fold higher specific activity for (βS)-GS-HPV than that for (βR)-GS-HPV. Analyses of mutants of ligG, ligQ, and both genes revealed that SYK-6 converted (βR)-GS-HPV using both LigG and LigQ, whereas only LigQ was involved in converting (βS)-GS-HPV. Furthermore, the disruption of both ligG and ligQ was observed to lead to the loss of the capability of SYK-6 to convert MPHPV. This suggests that GSH removal from GS-HPV catalyzed by LigG and LigQ, is essential for cellular GSH recycling during β-aryl ether catabolism.
Genome skimming and exploration of DNA barcodes for Taiwan endemic cypresses
Authors: Wu Chung-Shien , Sudianto Edi , Hung Yu-Mei , Wang Bo-Cyun , Huang Chiun-Jr , Chen Chi-Tsong , Chaw Shu-Miaw
Published: November 2020

Cypresses are characterized by their longevity and valuable timber. In Taiwan, two endemic cypress species, Chamaecyparis formosensis and C. obtusa var. formosana, are threatened by prevalent illegal logging. A DNA barcode system is urgently needed for reforestation and conservation of these two cypresses. In this study, both plastomes and 35S rDNAs from 16, 10, and 6 individuals of C. formosensis, C. obtusa var. formosana, and C. obtusa var. obtusa were sequenced, respectively. We show that the loss of plastid trnT-GGU readily distinguishes C. formosensis from its congeneric species. We demonstrate that entire sequences of plastomes or 35S rDNAs are capable of correctly identifying cypress species and varieties, suggesting that they are effective super-barcodes. We also discover three short hypervariable loci (i.e., 3′ETS, ITS1, and trnH-psbA) that are promising barcodes for identifying cypress species and varieties. Moreover, nine species-specific indels of > 100 bp were detected in the cypress plastomes. These indels, together with the three aforementioned short barcodes, constitute an alternative and powerful barcode system crucial for identifying specimens that are fragmentary or contain degraded/poor DNA. Our sequenced data and barcode systems not only enrich the genetic reference for cypresses, but also contribute to future reforestation, conservation, and forensic investigations.
Spatio-temporal processes drive fine-scale genetic structure in an otherwise panmictic seabird population
Authors: Garrett Lucy J. H. , Myatt Julia P. , Sadler Jon P. , Dawson Deborah A. , Hipperson Helen , Colbourne John K. , Dickey Roger C. , Weber Sam B. , Reynolds S. James
Published: November 2020

When and where animals breed can shape the genetic structure and diversity of animal populations. The importance of drivers of genetic diversity is amplified in island populations that tend to have more delineated gene pools compared to continental populations. Studies of relatedness as a function of the spatial distribution of individuals have demonstrated the importance of spatial organisation for individual fitness with outcomes that are conditional on the overall genetic diversity of the population. However, few studies have investigated the impact of breeding timing on genetic structure. We characterise the fine-scale genetic structure of a geographically-isolated population of seabirds. Microsatellite markers provide evidence for largely transient within-breeding season temporal processes and limited spatial processes, affecting genetic structure in an otherwise panmictic population of sooty terns Onychoprion fuscatus. Earliest breeders had significantly different genetic structure from the latest breeders. Limited evidence was found for localised spatial structure, with a small number of individuals being more related to their nearest neighbours than the rest of the population. Therefore, population genetic structure is shaped by heterogeneities in collective movement in time and to a lesser extent space, that result in low levels of spatio-temporal genetic structure and the maintenance of genetic diversity.
Maternal DOT1L is dispensable for mouse development
Authors: Liao Ji , Szabó Piroska E.
Published: November 2020

A battery of chromatin modifying enzymes play essential roles in remodeling the epigenome in the zygote and cleavage stage embryos, when the maternal genome is the sole contributor. Here we identify an exemption. DOT1L methylates lysine 79 in the globular domain of histone H3 (H3K79). Dot1l is an essential gene, as homozygous null mutant mouse embryos exhibit multiple developmental abnormalities and die before 11.5 days of gestation. To test if maternally deposited DOT1L is required for embryo development, we carried out a conditional Dot1l knockout in growing oocytes using the Zona pellucida 3-Cre (Zp3-Cre) transgenic mice. We found that the resulting maternal mutant Dot1lmat−/+ offspring displayed normal development and fertility, suggesting that the expression of the paternally inherited copy of Dot1l in the embryo is sufficient to support development. In addition, Dot1l maternal deletion did not affect the parental allele-specific expression of imprinted genes, indicating that DOT1L is not needed for imprint establishment in the oocyte or imprint protection in the zygote. In summary, uniquely and as opposed to other histone methyltransferases and histone marks, maternal DOT1L deposition and H3K79 methylation in the zygote and in the preimplantation stage embryo is dispensable for mouse development.
New perspective for evaluating the main Camellia oleifera cultivars in China
Authors: Deng Quanen , Li Jianan , Gao Chao , Cheng Junyong , Deng Xianzhen , Jiang Dezhi , Li Liang , Yan Ping
Published: November 2020

To assess the adaptability of Camellia oleifera for introduction in new growth locations, this study evaluated 10 representative C. oleifera cultivars from the main areas in China where this oil-producing evergreen crop is grown. Cluster analysis, correlation analysis, and membership function analysis were used to evaluate various indices of the selected C. oleifera cultivars, including flowering phenology, cold tolerance, leaf structure, pollen characteristics, and pollen viability. The correlation analysis identified the full blossoming time, leaf palisade and spongy tissue thickness, pollen deformity rate, and pollen activity as key indices for determining the adaptability of the cultivars to new areas. The membership function analysis of the 10 C. oleifera cultivars revealed the following order of adaptability: ‘XLC25’ > ‘Changlin4hao’ > ‘Ganzhouyou8hao’ > ‘Ganzhouyou6hao’ > ‘Tiechengyihao’ > ‘Eyou465’ > ‘XLC10’ > ‘Changlin3hao’ > ‘Changlin18hao’ > ‘QY235.’ When introducing C. oleifera cultivars to new regions, the higher-ranked cultivars are more likely to be successful. The results of this study may provide a new direction for the comprehensive assessment of plant introduction and domestication potential, i.e., the assessment of the vegetative and reproductive growth, adversity resistance, and blossoming time of plants.
Ocean acidification modifies biomolecule composition in organic matter through complex interactions
Authors: Grosse Julia , Endres Sonja , Engel Anja
Published: November 2020

The main source of marine organic carbon (OC) is autotrophic production, while heterotrophic degradation is its main sink. Increased anthropogenic CO2 release leads to ocean acidification and is expected to alter phytoplankton community composition, primary production rates and bacterial degradation processes in the coming decades with potential consequences for dissolved and particulate OC concentration and composition. Here we investigate effects of increased pCO2 on dissolved and particulate amino acids (AA) and carbohydrates (CHO), in arctic and sub-arctic planktonic communities in two large-scale mesocosm experiments. Dissolved AA concentrations responded to pCO2/pH changes during early bloom phases but did not show many changes after nutrient addition. A clear positive correlation in particulate AA was detected in post-bloom phases. Direct responses in CHO concentrations to changing pCO2/pH were lacking, suggesting that observed changes were rather indirect and dependent on the phytoplankton community composition. The relative composition of AA and CHO did not change as a direct consequence of pCO2 increase. Changes between bloom phases were associated with the prevailing nutrient status. Our results suggest that biomolecule composition will change under future ocean conditions but responses are highly complex, and seem to be dependent on many factors including bloom phase and sampling site.
Controlled elevated temperatures during early-mid gestation cause placental insufficiency and implications for fetal growth in pregnant pigs
Authors: Zhao Weicheng , Liu Fan , Bell Alan W. , Le Hieu H. , Cottrell Jeremy J. , Leury Brian J. , Green Mark P. , Dunshea Frank R.
Published: November 2020

It is known that pig offspring born from pregnant pigs exposed to elevated ambient temperatures during gestation have altered phenotypes, possibly due to placental insufficiency and impaired fetal growth. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the effect of maternal heat exposure during early-mid gestation, when pig placentae grow heavily, on placental and fetal development. Fifteen pregnant pigs were allocated to thermoneutral (TN; 20 °C; n = 7) or cyclic elevated temperature conditions (ET; 28 to 33 °C; n = 8) from d40 to d60 of gestation. Following euthanasia of the pigs on d60, placental and fetal morphometry and biochemistry were measured. Compared to TN fetuses, ET fetuses had increased (P = 0.041) placental weights and a lower (P = 0.013) placental efficiency (fetal/placental weight), although fetal weights were not significantly different. Fetuses from ET pigs had reduced (P = 0.032) M. longissimus fibre number density and a thicker (P = 0.017) placental epithelial layer compared to their TN counterparts. Elevated temperatures decreased (P = 0.026) placental mRNA expression of a glucose transporter (GLUT-3) and increased (P = 0.037) placental IGF-2 mRNA expression. In conclusion, controlled elevated temperatures between d40 to d60 of gestation reduced pig placental efficiency, resulting in compensatory growth of the placentae to maintain fetal development. Placental insufficiency during early-mid gestation may have implications for fetal development, possibly causing a long-term phenotypic change of the progeny.
Protective effect of influenza vaccination on cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zangiabadian Moein , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Mirsaeidi Mehdi , Hajikhani Bahareh , Goudarzi Mehdi , Goudarzi Hossein , Mardani Masoud , Nasiri Mohammad Javad
Published: November 2020

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are many contrasting ideas on the effectiveness of influenza vaccination on CVDs. This study aimed to investigate the association between influenza vaccination and the risk of CVDs. We systematically searched all PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library entries up to November 2019 for studies of influenza vs. the CVDs outcomes. We conducted a random-effects meta‐analysis using the inverse variance method for pooled risk ratios (RR) or odds ratios (OR) and evaluated statistical heterogeneity using the I2 statistic. We identified 17 studies (6 randomized controlled trial [RCT], 5 cohorts, and 6 case–control) with a total of 180,043 cases and 276,898 control participants. The pooled RR of developing CVDs after influenza vaccination in RCT studies was 0.55 (95% CI 0.41–0.73), which was significant (P-value = 0.00). The pooled OR of decreasing CVDs after influenza vaccination in cohort studies was 0.89 (95% CI 0.77–1.04). The pooled OR of developing CVDs after influenza vaccination by pooling case–control studies was 0.70 (95% CI 0.57–0.86, (P-value = 0.00). All of these studies suggest decreased risks of CVDs with influenza vaccination. The current study does support the protective role of influenza vaccination on CVDs events. Health authorities may develop evidence-based preventive strategies to offer influenza vaccination in patients with CVDs.
Dysfunctional accessory gene regulator (agr) as a prognostic factor in invasive Staphylococcus aureus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Soon Ok , Lee Shinwon , Lee Jeong Eun , Song Kyoung-Ho , Kang Chang Kyung , Wi Yu Mi , San-Juan Rafael , López-Cortés Luis E. , Lacoma Alicia , Prat Cristina , Jang Hee-Chang , Kim Eu Suk , Kim Hong Bin , Lee Sun Hee
Published: November 2020

The accessory gene regulator (agr) locus of Staphylococcus aureus is a quorum-sensing virulence regulator. Although there are many studies concerning the effect of dysfunctional agr on the outcomes of S. aureus infection, there is no systematic review to date. We systematically searched for clinical studies reporting outcomes of invasive S. aureus infections and the proportion of dysfunctional agr among their causative strains, and we performed a meta-analysis to obtain estimates of the odds of outcomes of invasive S. aureus infection with dysfunctional versus functional agr. Of 289 articles identified by our research strategy, 20 studies were meta-analysed for crude analysis of the impact of dysfunctional agr on outcomes of invasive S. aureus infection. Dysfunctional agr was generally associated with unfavourable outcomes (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.05–1.66), and the impact of dysfunctional agr on outcome was more prominent in invasive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections (OR 1.54, CI 1.20–1.97). Nine studies were meta-analysed for the impact of dysfunctional agr on the 30-day mortality of invasive S. aureus infection. Invasive MRSA infection with dysfunctional agr exhibited higher 30-day mortality (OR 1.40, CI 1.03–1.90) than that with functional agr. On the other hand, invasive MSSA infection with dysfunctional agr exhibited lower 30-day mortality (OR 0.51, CI 0.27–0.95). In the post hoc subgroup analysis by the site of MRSA infection, dysfunctional agr was associated with higher 30-day mortality in MRSA pneumonia (OR 2.48, CI 1.17–5.25). The effect of dysfunctional agr on the outcome of invasive S. aureus infection may vary depending on various conditions, such as oxacillin susceptibility and the site of infection. Dysfunctional agr was generally associated with unfavourable clinical outcomes and its effect was prominent in MRSA and pneumonia. Dysfunctional agr may be applicable for outcome prediction in cases of invasive MRSA infection with hardly eradicable foci such as pneumonia.
The effect of calcium electroporation on viability, phenotype and function of melanoma conditioned macrophages
Authors: Tremble Liam Friel , Heffron Cynthia C. B. B. , Forde Patrick F.
Published: November 2020

Electroporation in combination with chemotherapy is an established treatment used on solid malignancies that results in enhanced chemotherapeutic uptake. Recent advances have begun to transition to the use of non-toxic compounds, such as calcium, in lieu of chemotherapy, which can also induce tumour cell death. While the effect of treatment on tumour cell death has been well characterized and has been shown to induce an immunogenic form of cell death, the effect of treatment on intratumoural immune cells has not been investigated. Here we present data showing the effect of calcium electroporation on immune cells, using melanoma-conditioned bone marrow-derived macrophages. Similar to tumour cells, macrophage cell membranes are susceptible to poration following treatment and subsequently reseal. Macrophages are less susceptible to calcium electroporation induced cell death in comparison to B16F10 melanoma cells. However treatment with electroporation with or without bleomycin or calcium was shown to affect macrophage phenotype and function. Coculture of calcium electroporated macrophages revealed that both the capacity of macrophages to stimulate and direct T cell responses are affected following exposure to treatment. We conclude that calcium electroporation has the potential to boost the immunogenic capacity of exposed tumour associated macrophages, and further research is warranted to determine if calcium electroporation can be optimised to generate systemic anti-cancer immune responses.
Towards better heartbeat segmentation with deep learning classification
Authors: Silva Pedro , Luz Eduardo , Silva Guilherme , Moreira Gladston , Wanner Elizabeth , Vidal Flavio , Menotti David
Published: November 2020

The confidence of medical equipment is intimately related to false alarms. The higher the number of false events occurs, the less truthful is the equipment. In this sense, reducing (or suppressing) false positive alarms is hugely desirable. In this work, we propose a feasible and real-time approach that works as a validation method for a heartbeat segmentation third-party algorithm. The approach is based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which may be embedded in dedicated hardware. Our proposal aims to detect the pattern of a single heartbeat and classifies them into two classes: a heartbeat and not a heartbeat. For this, a seven-layer convolution network is employed for both data representation and classification. We evaluate our approach in two well-settled databases in the literature on the raw heartbeat signal. The first database is a conventional on-the-person database called MIT-BIH, and the second is one less uncontrolled off-the-person type database known as CYBHi. To evaluate the feasibility and the performance of the proposed approach, we use as a baseline the Pam-Tompkins algorithm, which is a well-known method in the literature and still used in the industry. We compare the baseline against the proposed approach: a CNN model validating the heartbeats detected by a third-party algorithm. In this work, the third-party algorithm is the same as the baseline for comparison purposes. The results support the feasibility of our approach showing that our method can enhance the positive prediction of the Pan-Tompkins algorithm from $$97.84\%$$

97.84
%

/$$90.28\%$$

90.28
%

to $$100.00\%$$

100.00
%

/$$96.77\%$$

96.77
%

by slightly decreasing the sensitivity from $$95.79\%$$

95.79
%

/$$96.95\%$$

96.95
%

to $$92.98\%/$$

92.98
%
/

$$95.71\%$$

95.71
%

on the MIT-BIH/CYBHi databases.
Investigations of changes in the arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) structure, size and composition during the fruit ripening process
Authors: Leszczuk Agata , Zając Adrian , Kurzyna-Szklarek Magdalena , Cybulska Justyna , Zdunek Artur
Published: November 2020

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are ubiquitous cell wall and plasma membrane components and are characterised by extensive glycosylation and heterogeneity of their carbohydrate and protein units. The aim of the study was to evaluate the structural features of AGPs present in apple fruits at different stages of the ripening process. AGPs were extracted using the Yariv reagent and examined using SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting, FT-IR, and AFM. In situ analysis, immunofluorescence (CLSM) and immunogold-labelling (TEM), were performed. We demonstrated that AGPs were indeed present in apple fruits at the different stages of the ripening process. The changes in the amount (1.52–2.08 mg g−1), diameter (152.73–75.05 nm), molecular mass (50–250 kDa), and distribution in the cell of AGPs demonstrate their variable presence and changeable structure during the ripening process. We propose specific wavenumbers, i.e. 1265 cm−1, 1117 cm−1, and 960 cm−1, which could be assigned to AGPs. The immunofluorescence and immunogold-labelling results indicate that the JIM13 antibody is the most characteristic for AGPs in apple fruits. This study quantitatively demonstrated for the first time that AGP accumulation occurs in ripe fruits, which is supported by the highest AGPs content, the highest molecular mass, and the appearance of a specific distribution pattern at the cellular level.
Cerebellar network organization across the human menstrual cycle
Authors: Fitzgerald Morgan , Pritschet Laura , Santander Tyler , Grafton Scott T. , Jacobs Emily G.
Published: November 2020

The cerebellum contains the vast majority of neurons in the brain and houses distinct functional networks that constitute at least two homotopic maps of cerebral networks. It is also a major site of sex steroid hormone action. While the functional organization of the human cerebellum has been characterized, the influence of sex steroid hormones on intrinsic cerebellar network dynamics has yet to be established. Here we investigated the extent to which endogenous fluctuations in estradiol and progesterone alter functional cerebellar networks at rest in a woman densely sampled over a complete menstrual cycle (30 consecutive days). Edgewise regression analysis revealed robust negative associations between progesterone and cerebellar coherence. Graph theory metrics probed sex hormones’ influence on topological brain states, revealing relationships between sex hormones and within-network integration in Ventral Attention, Dorsal Attention, and SomatoMotor Networks. Together these results suggest that the intrinsic dynamics of the cerebellum are intimately tied to day-by-day changes in sex hormones.
In vitro model of distinct catabolic and inflammatory response patterns of endothelial cells to intervertebral disc cell degeneration
Authors: Hwang Min Ho , Son Hyeong-Guk , Kim Joohan , Choi Hyuk
Published: November 2020

To evaluate dominant cell-to-cell paracrine interactions, including those of human annulus fibrosus (AF), nucleus pulposus (NP), and endothelial cells (ECs), in the production of inflammatory mediators and catabolic enzymes, ECs was cultured in soluble factors derived from AF or NP cells (AFCM or NPCM, respectively) and vice versa. We analysed IL-6 and -8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and -3, nerve growth factor (NGF)-β, and brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNFs) with qRT-PCR and ELISA. We implement a microfluidic platform to analyse migration properties of AF and NP cells and ECs in 3D cultures. Our results show that IL-1β-stimulated AF cells produced significantly higher levels of IL-6 and -8, VEGF, and MMP-1 than IL-1β-stimulated NP cells. However, production of IL-6 and -8, VEGF, and MMP-3 was significantly higher in NP cells than in AF cells, under the presence of ECs conditioned medium. We observed considerable migration of NP cells co-cultured with ECs through the microfluidic platform. These results suggest that AF cells may play a major role in the initial degeneration of intervertebral disc. Furthermore, it was found that interactions between NP cells and ECs may play a significant role in the development or progression of diseases.
Inter-fractional monitoring of $$^{12}$$C ions treatments: results from a clinical trial at the CNAO facility
Authors: Fischetti M. , Baroni G. , Battistoni G. , Bisogni G. , Cerello P. , Ciocca M. , De Maria P. , De Simoni M. , Di Lullo B. , Donetti M. , Dong Y. , Embriaco A. , Ferrero V. , Fiorina E. , Franciosini G. , Galante F. , Kraan A. , Luongo C. , Magi M. , Mancini-Terracciano C. , Marafini M. , Malekzadeh E. , Mattei I. , Mazzoni E. , Mirabelli R. , Mirandola A. , Morrocchi M. , Muraro S. , Patera V. , Pennazio F. , Schiavi A. , Sciubba A. , Solfaroli Camillocci E. , Sportelli G. , Tampellini S. , Toppi M. , Traini G. , Valle S. M. , Vischioni B. , Vitolo V. , Sarti A.
Published: November 2020

The high dose conformity and healthy tissue sparing achievable in Particle Therapy when using C ions calls for safety factors in treatment planning, to prevent the tumor under-dosage related to the possible occurrence of inter-fractional morphological changes during a treatment. This limitation could be overcome by a range monitor, still missing in clinical routine, capable of providing on-line feedback. The Dose Profiler (DP) is a detector developed within the INnovative Solution for In-beam Dosimetry in hadronthErapy (INSIDE) collaboration for the monitoring of carbon ion treatments at the CNAO facility (Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica) exploiting the detection of charged secondary fragments that escape from the patient. The DP capability to detect inter-fractional changes is demonstrated by comparing the obtained fragment emission maps in different fractions of the treatments enrolled in the first ever clinical trial of such a monitoring system, performed at CNAO. The case of a CNAO patient that underwent a significant morphological change is presented in detail, focusing on the implications that can be drawn for the achievable inter-fractional monitoring DP sensitivity in real clinical conditions. The results have been cross-checked against a simulation study.
In situformation of nanocomposite double-network hydrogels with shear-thinning and self-healing properties
Authors: Tsai Tsan-Yu , Shen Ke-Han , Chang Chun-Wei , Jovanska Lavernchy , Wang Reuben , Yeh Yi-Cheun
Published: November 2020

A new type of nanocomposite double-network hydrogel has been developed using functionalized nanomaterials as multivalent crosslinkers to present multiple interfacial crosslinking for the formation of a property-tailorable polymeric network.
Synthesis and characterization of an anti-caries and remineralizing fluorine-containing cationic polymer PHMB-F
Authors: Chen Y. D. , Shu C. , Duan Z. H. , Xu J. J. , Li X. J. , Chen F. , Luo Q. J. , Li X. D.
Published: November 2020

A fluorine-containing cationic polymer, PHMB-F, was synthesized, which showed excellent antibacterial, demineralization-inhibiting and remineralization-promoting properties.
Selective CO2 reduction towards a single upgraded product: a minireview on multi-elemental copper-free electrocatalysts
Authors: Wilsey Madeleine K. , Cox Connor P. , Forsythe Ryland C. , McCarney Luke R. , Müller Astrid M.
Published: November 2020

Electrocatalytic conversion of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide to liquid fuels or upgraded chemicals is a critical strategy to mitigate anthropogenic climate change. To this end, we urgently need high-performance CO2 reduction catalysts.
Hierarchical self-assembly and controlled disassembly of a cavitand-based host–guest supramolecular polymer
Authors: Zuccaccia Daniele , Pinalli Roberta , De Zorzi Rita , Semeraro Monica , Credi Alberto , Zuccaccia Cristiano , Macchioni Alceo , Geremia Silvano , Dalcanale Enrico
Published: November 2020

Two hierarchical aggregation modes of cavitand-based supramolecular polymers allow implementing orthogonal disassembly procedures: electrochemical reduction for linear chains and solvent-driven dissolution for bundles.
Selective synthesis of acylated caprolactam via sequential Michael addition/palladium-catalyzed alpha-arylation of ketones
Authors: Wu Xin-Xing , Ye Hao , Li Ming , Qian Jianing , Dai Hong , Shi Yujun
Published: November 2020

A formal [6 + 1] annulation reaction provides an efficient route enabling rapid access to diverse caprolactams by the double C–C bond formation of the same site from methyl ketones.
Analysis of rice and wheat flour by particle nebulization ICP-MS
Authors: Shi Changzhi , Guo Wei , Jin Lanlan , Hu Shenghong
Published: November 2020

A simple and green particle nebulization ICP-MS method for the direct measurement of trace toxic elements in rice and wheat samples was developed.
Highly effective organic light-emitting diodes containing thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters with horizontal molecular orientation
Authors: Lee Chan Hee , Choi Shin Hyung , Oh Sung Joon , Lee Jun Hyeon , Shim Jae Won , Adachi Chihaya , Lee Sae Youn
Published: November 2020

The linear D–A–D type of molecular structure of AcPYM and PxPYM enhances the horizontally oriented alignment and up to 87% of the horizontal transition dipole moments in the host matrix is realized.
QSPR model for Caco-2 cell permeability prediction using a combination of HQPSO and dual-RBF neural network
Authors: Wang Yukun , Chen Xuebo
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study is to establish a promising QSPR model for the Caco-2 permeability prediction.
Use of ammonium salts or binary mixtures derived from amino acids, glycine betaine, choline and indole-3-butyric acid as plant regulators
Authors: Kaczmarek Damian Krystian , Parus Anna , Łożyński Marek , Pernak Juliusz
Published: November 2020

Natural origin ammonium salts or binary mixtures including indole-3-butyric acid as novel plant growth regulators.
The spin–orbit–phonon coupling and crystalline elasticity of LaCoO3 perovskite
Authors: Shu Guo-Jiun , Wu Pei-Chieh , Chou F. C.
Published: November 2020

Considering the before and after phonon softening, the gap in a CoO6-octahedral crystal electric fields (CEF) and the thermally activated spin gap, were observed of ∼0.5 meV and Q ∼ 25 meV in defect-free LaCoO3 single crystal, respectively.
Correction: One pot green preparation of Seabuckthorn silver nanoparticles (SBT@AgNPs) featuring high stability and longevity, antibacterial, antioxidant potential: a nano disinfectant future perspective
Authors: Kalaiyarasan Thiyagarajan , Bharti Vijay K. , Chaurasia O. P.
Published: November 2020

Correction for ‘One pot green preparation of Seabuckthorn silver nanoparticles (SBT@AgNPs) featuring high stability and longevity, antibacterial, antioxidant potential: a nano disinfectant future perspective’ by Thiyagarajan Kalaiyarasan et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 51130–51141, DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10262c.
Correction: Synthesis of non-toxic, biocompatible, and colloidal stable silver nanoparticle using egg-white protein as capping and reducing agents for sustainable antibacterial application
Authors: Thiyagarajan Kalaiyarasan , Bharti Vijay K. , Tyagi Shruti , Tyagi Pankaj K. , Ahuja Anami , Kumar Krishna , Raj Tilak , Kumar Bhuvnesh
Published: November 2020

Correction for ‘Synthesis of non-toxic, biocompatible, and colloidal stable silver nanoparticle using egg-white protein as capping and reducing agents for sustainable antibacterial application’ by Kalaiyarasan Thiyagarajan et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 23213–23229, DOI: 10.1039/C8RA03649G.
Inhibitor binding influences the protonation states of histidines in SARS-CoV-2 main protease
Authors: Pavlova Anna , Lynch Diane L. , Daidone Isabella , Zanetti-Polzi Laura , Smith Micholas Dean , Chipot Chris , Kneller Daniel W. , Kovalevsky Andrey , Coates Leighton , Golosov Andrei A. , Dickson Callum J. , Velez-Vega Camilo , Duca José S. , Vermaas Josh V. , Pang Yui Tik , Acharya Atanu , Parks Jerry M. , Smith Jeremy C. , Gumbart James C.
Published: November 2020

The main protease (Mpro) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an attractive target for antiviral therapeutics.
Enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations correctly predict the diverse activities of a series of stiff-stilbene G-quadruplex DNA ligands
Authors: O'Hagan Michael P. , Haldar Susanta , Morales Juan C. , Mulholland Adrian J. , Galan M. Carmen
Published: November 2020

Enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations and solution-phase experiments come together to demonstrate the diverse effects of G4-interactive small molecules.
An ultra-stable bio-inspired bacteriochlorin analogue for hypoxia-tolerant photodynamic therapy
Authors: Wu Mengsi , Liu Zhiyong , Zhang Weian
Published: November 2020

A hypoxia-tolerant photosensitizer FBC-based nanoplatform with strong NIR absorbance and ultra-high stability was facilely prepared for PDT of deep tumors.
Magnetic propulsion of colloidal microrollers controlled by electrically modulated friction
Authors: Demirörs Ahmet F. , Stauffer Alex , Lauener Carmen , Cossu Jacopo , Ramakrishna Shivaprakash N. , de Graaf Joost , Alcantara Carlos C. J. , Pané Salvador , Spencer Nicholas , Studart André R.
Published: November 2020

Precise control over the motion of magnetically responsive particles in fluidic chambers is important for probing and manipulating tasks in prospective microrobotic and bio-analytical platforms.
A scalable and thin film approach for solar hydrogen generation: a review on enhanced photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Gopinath Chinnakonda S. , Nalajala Naresh
Published: November 2020

How to improve solar hydrogen generation through a thin film approach has been reviewed with known photocatalysts.
Eosin Y functionalized tertiary amine-bearing interpenetrating polymer networks for heterogeneous catalysis of logic-controlled oxygen-tolerant radical polymerization
Authors: Li Xue , Zhang Yu Chi , Ye Sunjie , Zhang Xi Rong , Cai Tao
Published: November 2020

Given the scalability and vast applicability of the heterogeneous catalysts and the burgeoning interests in biorelated applications, the interpenetrating polymer network catalysts will facilitate the realization of green, precise and efficient polymerization.
Self-aggregating cationic-chains enable alkaline stable ion-conducting channels for anion-exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Zhang Kaiyu , Liang Xian , Yu Weisheng , Ge Xiaolin , Shehzad Muhammad A. , Ge Zijuan , Yang Zhengjin , Wu Liang , Xu Tongwen
Published: November 2020

Self-aggregated cationic side chains construct efficient ion-conducting channels for fast ion transfer.
A porous self-healing hydrogel with an island-bridge structure for strain and pressure sensors
Authors: Zhang Yue , Ren Erhui , Li Ang , Cui Ce , Guo Ronghui , Tang Hong , Xiao Hongyan , Zhou Mi , Qin Wenfeng , Wang Xinyuan , Liu Li
Published: November 2020

Preparation process of PVA/CNTs/graphene hydrogel.
Self-assembling nitrilotriacetic acid nanofibers for tracking and enriching His-tagged proteins in living cells
Authors: Zhang Li-Song , Yin Yi-Lun , Wang Lei , Xia Ying , Ryu SungJu , Xi Zhen , Li Lu-Yuan , Zhang Zhi-Song
Published: November 2020

A supramolecular self-assembling nitrilotriacetic acid nanofiber probe for tracking and enriching His-tagged proteins in living cells.
Role of Ln type in the physical mechanisms of defect mediated luminescence of Li, Ln–SnO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Cojocaru Bogdan , Colbea Claudiu , Avram Daniel , Istrate Cosmin , Abramiuc Laura , Tiseanu Carmen
Published: November 2020

The effects of Li addition on the luminescence of Ln–SnO2 depend on the Ln type, which are classified as surface (Dy, Tb) and substitutional dopants (Eu, Sm, Er).
A molecular design principle towards luminescent polymorphic organic heterostructured architectures
Authors: Zhou Qianqian , Lei Yilong , Fu Hongbing
Published: November 2020

A molecular design principle towards polymorphic organic heterostructures has been developed based on the well-matched structural relationship between two polymorphic components.
Solar-driven water-splitting provides a solution to the energy problem underpinning climate change
Authors: Barber James
Published: November 2020

The emergence of the oxygen-evolving photosystem two complex over 2.6 billion years ago represented the ‘big bang of evolution’ on planet Earth. It allowed phototrophic organisms to use sun light as an energy source to extract electrons and protons from water, and concomitantly release oxygen. Oxygenic photosynthesis not only created an aerobic atmosphere but also removed CO2 to produce the organic molecules that make up the current global biomass and fossil fuel. In addition, it paved the way for animal life. Today extensive burning of fossil fuels is reversing the results of photosynthesis through billions of years, rapidly releasing CO2 back into the atmosphere and consequently increasing the temperature of the planet. There is an urgent need to develop new sustainable energy sources, but the choice is not obvious. My approach to this problem has been to unravel the blueprint of photosystem II (PSII) and to develop an ‘Artificial Leaf’ technology. A significant step with respect to that mission was achieved at Imperial College when we could conclude from X-ray diffraction of PSII crystals, that the water-splitting catalytic centre consists of a unique Mn3Ca2+O4 cubane structure with a fourth dangler Mn oxo-bonded to the cubane. Here I use this and more recent structures to discuss the mechanism of water splitting and O–O bond formation. Furthermore, I will address how this information can be used to design novel water-splitting catalysts and highlight recent progress in this direction. My conviction is ‘if plants can do it, we can do it — after all it is all about chemistry’.
Spectropolarimetry of the changing-look active galactic nucleus Mrk 1018
Authors: Hutsemékers D. , Agís González B. , Marin F. , Sluse D.
Published: November 2020

We have obtained new spectropolarimetric observations at visible wavelengths of the changing-look active galactic nucleus (AGN) Mrk 1018. The AGN direct spectrum shows an extremely weak continuum with faint broad Hβ and Hα emission lines. Both lines can be fit with a single very broad emission line component of full width at half maximum FWHM ≃ 7200 km s−1, with no evidence of the additional 3000 km s−1-wide component that was previously detected. While this is in agreement with line formation in a Keplerian disk, the line profile variability suggests that the broad emission line region is likely more complex. The continuum polarization of Mrk 1018 is low; it is not higher in the current faint state compared to the past bright state, confirming that dust obscuration is not the mechanism at the origin of the change of look. The polarization profile of the Hα line is asymmetric with no rotation of the polarization angle, which possibly reveals line formation in a polar outflow. Alternatively, the polarization profile may be the consequence of a time delay between the direct and the polarized light. Interestingly, the polarization signatures predicted for broad lines emitted around supermassive binary black holes are not observed.
The Application of Ozone to Reduce the Coloring Intensity of Aqueous Solutions of Dyes Used in the Textile Industry
Authors: Belov Sergey , Naumchik Grigoriy
Published: November 2020

The article discusses the mechanisms of interaction of ozone with aqueous solutions of organic dyes. Two different dyes with different types of chromophore systemwere investigated: azo dye and thiazine dye. A detailed methodology for performing experimental studies makes it possible to accurately dose ozone into the reaction mixture. The data of experimental studies are presented indicating the effectiveness of the use of ozone for the destruction of dyes in aqueous solutions. The specific doses of ozone were established to reduce the color intensity of the studied dye solutions to standard values.