bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity analysis for wind-driven significant wave height model in SWAN: A Sunda Strait case
Authors: Wurjanto A , Mukhti J A
Published: April 2021

Sunda Strait is one of the most important straits in Indonesia since it connects two major islands of Indonesia as well as two oceans. Due to its high importance, it is essential to have a well understanding of significant wave height within the strait. However, there are currently no long-term significant wave data from buoy records in Indonesia. The available fine-resolution meteorology-oceanography (metocean) data around the Sunda Strait is also not as fine as other locations in the world. Therefore, hydrodynamic modelling is essential to obtain significant wave data that completely covers the strait. The aim of this study was to perform a sensitivity analysis based on Sunda Strait SWAN significant wave height model In the research, we performed a sensitivity analysis on a significant wave height SWAN model using various spatial resolution of wind forcing from the ECMWF ERA5 database. The analysis is essential to obtain the coarsest acceptable metocean data for modelling. Our result shows that higher spatial resolution of wind forcing gives better agreement with the ERA 5 wave data. For the Sunda Strait case, we recommend using no coarser than 0.5 degrees of spatial wind forcing resolution. However, we also found that the modelling result, along with models from past studies, still underestimates the reported wave height data in extreme conditions.
The usage of recycled materials on hot mix asphalt
Authors: Dannalie E , Nataadmadja A D
Published: April 2021

The demand for fresh aggregates increases as the number of road maintenance and/construction project increases. However, continually mining fresh aggregates will result in irrecoverable environmental damage, and thus, engineers are looking for alternatives aggregates that are more environmentally friendly to be used. The paper discussed the usage of several recycled materials that were mixed with hot mix asphalt (HMA) to be used as surfacing pavement layer, including coconut fibre, Styrofoam, crumb rubber, and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP). A number of tests, which are Marshall, Cantabro Loss, and Indirect Tensile Strength tests were used to evaluate the performance of the asphalt mixtures that were mixed with recycled materials. Both coconut fibre and RAP were mixed as filler or substitute for fresh aggregates, while both Styrofoam and crumb rubber were melted and mixed with the binder. It is found that best amount for coconut fibre, RAP, Styrofoam, and crumb rubber to be added to the HMA are 0.6% of total binder weight, 100% of coarse aggregates, 2.5% of the binder weight, and 3% of total mixture weight, respectively.
“Tigerheart” short animation visual communication design
Authors: Natalia D , Fathoni A F C A
Published: April 2021

Batik in Indonesia has been inaugurated by UNESCO in 2009 and the Indonesian community has become a passion to break batik again. But unfortunately the spirit does not change with the history and values contained in batik. The community only wears batik for formal formal events. The purpose to be used from this research was to analyze the philosophies of batik that are available for application to Indonesian fauna so that they can become an animated short film that provides information for the audience. The methodology used was with data communication techniques sourced from books, journals, articles, and animated film as references as story lifters and short-animated visuals that will be created. That way, the writer wants to realize a short-animated film that carries the values of batik with the intention that Indonesian people can recognize the values of batik. The final result of this study is a short-animated film.
Visual communication design of “Voorspel” short film animation
Authors: Widjanarko K C , Kartika R , Sasongko H
Published: April 2021

Keroncong is a kind of Indonesian music that has a historical relationship with a kind of Portuguese music known as fado. Through animation, the author wanted to convey that preserving this culture was enough by recognize, appreciate, and listen to Indonesian identity music. In the present study, the author makes a story about the struggle of a small child of the homeless to love keroncong music again. From the results of observations and the results of literature studies, there was very minimal awareness of the people of Indonesia, especially young people, to maintain this culture, and there were no short animations that raised this topic. The application will be performed using a three-dimensional technique titled “Voorspel” or a prospel in keroncong. In making this short animation, it is expected to entertain and provide information for the readers.
West Java culinary tourism center
Authors: Stevanie  , Rachmayanti I , Wulandari A A A
Published: April 2021

Since the strikes of globalization, Indonesian seemed to enjoy foreign food rather than traditional food. The reasons were the concept of foreign food suits the lifestyle of nowadays people, attractive branding, unique promotion, and interior design. Bandung was the capital city of West Java Province. It was one of many cities in Indonesia that attracted local and international tourists through nature, shopping, and culinary experience. This research aimed to face the rapid growth of foreign restaurants. Bandung needed a place as the center of the traditional culinary of West Java to keep the existence of traditional culinary. This research used the comparative study, observation, and literature study. It finds that Pusat Wisata Kuliner Jawa Barat is a place to get information about the culinary of West Java and culinary tourism, which has an information center, restaurant, and merchandise shop. The interior will be designed by presenting the value of traditional culinary in West Java in a modern style.
Visual communication analysis of a painting titled, Boboro (Nypa Fruticans) in exhibition of Botani art at Bale Banjar Sangkring Yogyakarta
Authors: Aprilia H D , Jakti R A D R K , Utoyo A W , Kurniawan A
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to describe visual communication in the painting of Nypa fruticans, titled ‘Boboro’. The image was a form of a visual language that contained visual structures, such as lines, colors, and composition. Its existence was grouped in the category of non-verbal communication language that distinguished from the verbal language in the form of written or spoken form. As a language, visual communication design was an expression of ideas and messages from the designer to the intended public through tangible symbols of images, colors, writing, and others. The data were analyzed by using descriptive qualitative method. Regarding qualitative descriptive formats, it could also be called quasi-qualitative, and its nature was not overemphasizing meaning. The result of this study are methods of observing and identification of an object. In this case, it is a botanical painting.
The synergy of visual communication and sustainability as brand value
Authors: Sutoyo S , Farhia Y
Published: April 2021

The research aimed to review issues related to visual communication synergy and sustainability in a brand. The main problem was how the message through visual communication could work precisely and quickly so that the delivery of the main message could be delivered without errors because the visual nature was very immediate and could not lie. This research used qualitative methods, namely descriptive-analytic, with a deductive as well as an inductive approach to get fairly basic findings, to reduce or minimize errors or deficiencies in visual communication. The results and discussion show that building a brand needs to be sustainable visual communication by creating functional, emotional, and expressing themselves. In conclusion, the main goals and objectives of communicating brand identity are to build, maintain, and strengthen the relationship between the brand and its customers. The brand as a symbol encapsulates all visual elements connected to brand value as individuals. So, the integration of visual communication and sustainability can be a synergy to enhance brand values.
Multi-stakeholder engagement in the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) framework
Authors: Dewi G D P
Published: April 2021

There has been an increasing concern in the development of sustainability in Indonesia. Indonesia’s sustainability policy through Indonesian Palm Oil Sustainability (ISPO) and recently Presidential Decree Number 44 of 2020 on Certification System for Sustainable Palm Oil Plantations prove the government’s seriousness in managing palm oil. Growing global market demand requires the expansion of oil palm plantations. Unfortunately, land expansion can cause environmental hazards, such as deforestation, loss of biodiversity, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and green land damage. On the other hand, the threat to sustainable development in the palm oil industry and pressure from stakeholders for more responsible industrial practices require sustainable production activities and minimize environmental and social impacts through sustainability principles. The government, companies, smallholders, palm oil associations, and INGO/NGO strive to build synergies in finding strategic solutions under the ISPO certification scheme. This article explores the involved actors in the palm oil industry and the relationship pattern between actors. Methodologically, the author uses a qualitative method and multi-stakeholder approach to invent how actors deal with sustainability issues in the palm oil industry and carry out sustainability commitments. The results show that Indonesia faces economic, social, and environmental imbalance. In implementing ISPO certification, Indonesia has involved all multi-stakeholder actors: state, company, IGO, and civil society.
The role of authentic leadership, self-efficacy, job satisfaction and employee silence to organizational commitment among millennials
Authors: Pradipto Y D , Chairiyati L R
Published: April 2021

Work productivity is the fuel for the movement of the locomotive of the organization, while employee job satisfaction will support this productivity. The commitment of workers’ organizations is considered as one of the most important elements in the world of work. Commitment and work culture have also been proven to influence work performance. Then, authentic leadership is one of the theories of leadership that has been studied quite a lot lately. The phenomenon of silence is a very common experience that employees do not need to discuss important or related issues to leaders. This research aims to examine the role of authentic leadership, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and employee silence on organizational commitment among millennials. This research uses a quantitative approach. Non-probability sampling technique is used during data collection. It can be seen that the influence of authentic leadership, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and employee silence on organizational commitment is 24.4. The other factors influence the remaining 75.6. The results of the research show that the regression model is accepted.
Response of ASEAN member states to the spread of COVID-19 in Southeast Asia
Authors: Arnakim L Y , Kibtiah T M
Published: April 2021

This paper aims to highlight the response of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) towards COVID-19. COVID-19, which is known as the Novel Coronavirus originally from Wuhan, a city in China and has been spreading to more than 200 countries in the world within a very short time. World Health Organization (WHO) asserts that COVID-19 has been a global pandemic. It has reached out to all continents in the world. Using primary and secondary resources, this paper argues that ASEAN has significantly responded at the regional level to mitigate the pandemic. At the national level, ASEAN member states have responded it with different policies based on their domestic socio-economic, security, and political circumstances. Singapore, Philippines, and Malaysia are the countries with the highest cases of COVID-19 implementing a lockdown policy. Thailand and Indonesia apply a local lockdown policy. While Cambodia, Vietnam, and Indonesia implement social distancing policies to protect their citizens from COVID-19. As a result, Vietnam and Malaysia succeed in suppressing the growth of COVID-19 cases. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 cases in Singapore and Indonesia, despite the government efforts to stop its spread, continue to increase as of June 2020.
Overcoming plastic waste problem in Indonesia: Case study in the art history class
Authors: Suhardjono L , Oscario A , Luzar L , Sriherlambang B
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, more than ever, plastic waste becomes a major problem for almost every nation in the world, including Indonesia. Creative solutions are needed to be the answer to overcome this urgent issue. Although there have been many attempts to create better waste management, these ongoing efforts are still far from the expectation. Therefore, every sector needs to collaborate to be part of the solution, including the education sector. The young generation is fertile ground for the birth of innovative ways to reduce plastic waste. This research aims to show that everything, even things as old as historical artifacts, can be a source of inspiration to overcome the plastic waste problem in Indonesia. However, an appropriate skill set is needed to extract this local content and make it suitable for the current digital society. This qualitative research is conducted through a case study using lateral thinking mode to prove that all things can be the source of inspiration to generate ideas. We can conclude that ideas can come from anywhere in the form of anything. Even though historical artifacts come from a long time ago, and even some have been around for hundreds of years, they possess unique local ingenious capacities.
Minimizing soft tube defect level using six sigma method at PT Era Variasi Intertika
Authors: Simamora B H , Pramesti C
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research is to examine the level of sigma that has been achieved in the production of soft tube product, determine factors caused the defect of soft tube production, provide suggestions for improvements to reduce defective products, and estimate the sigma level that will be achieved by PT Era Variasi Intertika in implementing the suggestions. The research method used was mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. The data analysis method used is Six Sigma Method using DMAIC (Define – Measure – Analyze – Improve – Control) steps. From data analysis, the sigma level achieved by the company is 3.52. The main factors causing defects of soft tube production in PT Era Variasi Intertika are problem of blanket printing, unclean production area, temperature of sealing machine which is not high enough, broken molding part in printing machine, careless employee, and machine error. The estimated sigma level that will be achieved by company when applying suggestions of improvement is 4.37. The defect will be reduced by 23.41%. Furthermore, doing these suggestions will decrease the risk of defect products that consumers will receive so the customer satisfaction will also increase.
Corporate branding in banking environment: Evidence from acquisition process
Authors: Fahlevi M
Published: April 2021

Banking service companies today have become the needs of modern society, from those who live and live in big cities to small villages. This research was conducted to find out how the image of PT Bank Danamon Indonesia during the acquisition process was reluctant to Bank DBS Singapore. In this study, the approach used is quantitative research, this research used the Leedy formula 100 samples. The population in this study were all active individual customers of Bank Danamon in Sunter and Kelapa Gading, North Jakarta. The results of this study, the withdrawn dimension that has the greatest effect on corporate branding, each indicator from each dimension is in the position of moderate to high value. This proves that during the acquisition process Bank Danamon continued to have a positive branding.
A Review on the Reliability, Performance and Utilization of Nigerian Petrochemical Industry
Authors: Mamudu O. A. , Ishola F. A. , Akande O. , Elehinafe F. , Okocha D. S.
Published: April 2021

Nigeria established three petrochemical plants in Warri, Kaduna, and Eleme respectively, between the year 1988 and 1995. They were designed to produce feedstocks for the country’s plastics, rubber and detergent industries. The poor performance of the three state-owned plants and the unsuccessful outcomes of other proposed petrochemical plans discouraged the government from establishing new ones. This situation led to both losses in revenue and low capacity utilization. The Eleme petrochemical complex was later sold to Indorama, a private concern, which surprisingly turned around the fortunes of the plant within three years. This paper gives an in-depth insight into the present condition of the Nigeria petrochemical sector and examines the causes of the suboptimal performance of the state-owned petrochemical companies based on previous reviews. Finally, the cause and effect tool (Ishikawa or Fishbone diagram) summed up all highlighted factors under the seven M’s (Material, Method, Measurement, Manpower, Management, Machine and Mother Nature) umbrella.
Material Selection for the Production of Roof Tiles using Digital Logic Method
Authors: Akinwande A. A. , Adediran A. A. , Balogun O. A. , Adetula Y. V. , Olayanju T. M. A. , Agboola O.O.
Published: April 2021

Roof tiles are important for roofing in housing construction. Different roof tiles are made of fired ceramics and concrete, polymer composite and metals. In this study, digital logic method (DLM) was employed in analyzing properties obtained for samples tested, with the view of optimizing, towards selecting most suitable material for roof tiles production. Five materials were considered for selection in the production of roof tiles, each sample containing granite dust (GD); FB-30 (30% by weight GD, 70% by weight clay), CT-35 (10% by weight cement, 35% by weight GD and 55% by weight fine sand), CCT-30 (10% by weight cement, 30% by weight GD, 20% by weight fine sand, 40% by weight clay), POL-02 (2% by weight GD, 98 % by weight high density polypropylene) and AL-08 (8% by weight GD, 92% by weight Aluminum alloy-AL 6061) samples. Properties evaluated for material selection are flexural, compressive and tensile strengths, bulk density, thermal conductivity, wear resistance, and water absorption. DLM involved ranking of samples based on values obtained for figure of merit (FOM). FOM values for FB-30, CT-35, CCT-40, POL-02, and AL-08 was 3.68, 3.83, 3.55, 14.43, and 2.42 respectively. Thus, optimum material for roof tiles was POL-02 based on its highest value of 14.43 and presented as a durable and sustainable roof tiles material..
Improvement on Window Glassing for an Enhanced Indoor Thermal Environment of Tropical Office Buildings
Authors: Adegbie M.O.
Published: April 2021

The intense solar radiation absorbed through the window glassing and transmitted into the indoor environment constitute thermal discomfort and increased cooling energy demand for buildings in the tropical climatic zone. This is because tropical climates are generally characterised by hot thermal distress almost all the year round. The need for improvement on window glassing of office buildings arise as a result of the global consensus on reducing energy demand of building sector. In office buildings, higher level of thermal and visual comfort is required for productive work performance within the indoor environment. This place office buildings in a position to enhance the realisation of a sustainable environment in the tropical climatic zone. This paper focus on effect of two types of window glassing on indoor air temperature and achieving improvement on single pane ordinary clear glassing window through the use of low-solar gain low-emissivity windows of two existing office buildings in the warm-humid zone of the tropical climate of Nigeria. An experimental investigation was scheduled during rainy and dry seasons of the year to collect outdoor and indoor microclimatic data of air temperatures in the west-facing natural ventilated office spaces within the existing office buildings through the use of Tiny Tag Ultra 2 Dual Channel Temperature/Relative Humidity (TGU-4500) Data loggers. Data collected were sorted and analysed through descriptive statistics. Improvement on single glassing window of existing office building was obtained through calculation of heat gain characteristics and comparison with that of low-solar gain low-emissivity glass window heat gain characteristics. Results showed that single pane ordinary clear glassing window exhibits higher indoor temperatures in the monitored office space. 89.54% improvement was recorded by using low-solar gain low-emissivity glass window over single pane clear glass window in the investigated office buildings. The study therefore recommends the use of low-solar gain glass low-emissivity window in office buildings within the warm-humid zone of tropical climate of Nigeria.
Modelling and simulation of a Single Cyclone for Optimal Efficiency for a Batch-Type Fixed-Bed Down-Draft Gasifier using CFD
Authors: Aliyu S. J. , Kucha E. L. , Ibrahim S. J.
Published: April 2021

Modelling and optimization have long been established as a means of achieving efficiency in energy systems also in sustaining the environment. In Nigeria, where environmental pollution have become a challenge, the problem of pollution and safety has become a global concern whereby sustainable power generation systems with zero greenhouse emission will serve as a better way of sustaining the environment. Simulation been a basic similitude tool to real life engineering design enable the engineers to understand the interactive flow process within an operating systems, postulating operation results, designing process systems or optimizing the operating system with optimum accuracy. This tool enables an engineer to establish the geometrical parameters for the actual design of the system. Cyclones, which are widely used as air pollution abatement equipment, are used in processing industries for removal of particulate matter (PM). A 1D2D centrifugal fan power driven cyclone is attached to a batch-type fixed-bed downdraft gasifier was modelled and simulated to determine the behaviour of the gasification products and the optimal efficiency of the cyclone. Applying mathematical modeling and CFD tools to understand the effect of the gas stream on the cyclone performance and a new optimized cyclone geometrical ratios based on the mathematical model was attained. Establishing the cyclone modelling was done by applying the heat content simulation tool (MATLAB-Software package) and using the response surface methodology (RSM) approach. The geometrical parameters in cyclone separators significantly affected the flow field and performance parameters. Analysis of the experimental design informed the researcher on the relationship between the effects of inlet dimensions and the vortex finder diameter on the performance of the cyclone. The cyclone design and simulation of the cyclone has shown that it can effectively remove solid particles from a gas stream (syn-gas). The calculation shows that collection efficiency for particle size of 13.18 μ m is obtained for the cyclone separator assuming all the particles leaving the cyclone is at that size. The designed simulated cyclone show that the new design when compared with the Stairmand design have a better performance over the later.
Influence of direct current (DC) on mild steel coating stainless steel rods via TIG welding: A model for the rehabilitation of steel components
Authors: Muigai M.N. , Mwema F.M. , Akinlabi E.T. , Obiko J.O.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the influence of varying DC current on microstructures of mild steel substrates coated with stainless steel using TIG welding technique was investigated. To achieve the desired results, mild steel substrates of sizes 40 mm × 10 mm × 1.5 mm were used. The mild steel substrates were ground using Silicon Carbide (SiC) papers to achieve smooth surfaces and to remove oxides that might be present on their surfaces. Then the substrates were coated using stainless-steel rods on TIG 2200i AC/DC machine as a welding power source. The process was undertaken under six varying currents of 40 A, 50 A, 55 A, 60 A, 65 A and 70 A. For purpose of characterization, microstructures of the coated samples were studied using optical microscopy and quantitative image analyses. The depth of penetration of the melt pool below the substrates and the coating thickness were measured for all the samples. Based on the optical microscopy, four zones were identified on the TIG coated samples; the heat-affected zone (HAZ), fusion, coating and a skirt (the region that formed between the substrates and the coatings). Minute porosities were also observed in the coated samples. It was observed that the maximum coating thickness was 5.345 mm and the highest average coating thickness was 3.522 mm, which both occurred at 40 A. The maximum length of penetration was 3.864 mm and was observed when 60 A DC was used. Similarly, the highest average depth of penetration was 2.422 mm and occurred at 65 A. The results of this study showed that for direct current, as the current increased from 40 A to 50 A, the porosities in the coated samples increased. However, at 55 A, the number of porosities decreased, but continued to increase from 60 A to 65 A, but the porosities decreased again at 70 A.
Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Pure Silica MCM-41 for Effective Removal of Dibenzothiophene from Petroleum Distillate
Authors: Sadare O. O. , Masitha I. M. , Daramola M.O.
Published: April 2021

The presence of sulfur-containing compound (e.g. Dibenzothiophene, DBT) in petroleum distillates such as diesel is of great concern due to the environmental problems it poses on the environment. In this study, synthesis and performance evaluation of MCM-41 adsorbent for enhanced removal of DBT from petroleum distillates in batch adsorption mode is reported. MCM-41, employed in this study for adsorptive desulphurization, was successfully synthesized with Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C19H42BrN) and fumed silica (SiO2). The gel was stirred for 30 min at room temperature and allowed to age at varied durations ( 24 h, 48 h & 72 h) before hydrothermal synthesis and then calcined at 550 C. Different analytical techniques were used to characterize the synthesized adsorbents, such as; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to check the surface nature, N2 physi-sorption at 77 K to examine the textural property; Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) to check the surface morphology/elemental composition; and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to check the crystallinity of the adsorbent. The adsorptive desulphurization experiments were carried out using a model diesel prepared by dissolving 0.1 g of dibenzothiophene in 100 mL of hexane. The desulfurized model diesel was analyzed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS). The adsorption performance of each adsorbent was evaluated in a batch mode. The results showed that, aging time has significant impact on the crystallinity and textural properties of MCM-41. The results show that crystallinity increased with decreasing aging period with smaller surface area as compared to adsorbent whose gel was aged for more hours. Furthermore, the textural properties seem to improve as the aging time increased. MCM-41, whose gel was aged for 72 h showed the highest adsorption capacity of 36.2 mg/g with highest DBT removal of 96.5 %. The information and results presented in this study could therefore provide a platform for further studies in this field.
The Role of Height Perception in Administrative Building Façade Visual Sustainability
Authors: Obaleye O. J. , Ezema I. C. , Adeboye A. B.
Published: April 2021

One of the defining characteristics of modern structural engineering feat is height. Tall buildings have been continually listed to be aesthetically pleasing with great impact in defining the immediate built environment. The affirmation of this statement was tested on university administrative building facades to identify the relationship between building height as an aesthetic perception for visual sustainability. In testing the validity of building height in aesthetic preference for future application in architectural designing, ten administrative buildings were selected from southwest Nigerian universities through the stratified random sampling technique. Quantitative data were obtained from 577 respondents, which comprised of staff and students from the ten selected universities through a close-ended structured questionnaire. Selected building façade photographs were also attached to elicit a response from respondents. The study involved identification of height as an important building façade element and also examining respondents’ perception of building façade height for visual sustainability. Data analysis was done using frequencies, percentages, mean ranking, and factor analysis. Building façade height was ranked third in terms of importance for visual sustainability, while buildings above four floors were observed to be most preferred by respondents. The findings of this study imply the need for planners and designers to ensure distinguishing the university administrative building as the tallest in relation to other campus building facades. This affirms the importance of height in the visual sustainability of this building typology and overall campus outlook.
Polypropylene waste-derived carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via single-stage CVD technique: Determination of crystallinity
Authors: Modekwe H. U. , Mamo M. , Moothi K. , Daramola M.O.
Published: April 2021

Basic structural information and carbonic composition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are necessary in quantifying their purity and possible applications. Utilizing plastic-derived carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in different fields is sometimes limited due to the presence and effect of large amount of amorphous carbon and metals residues arising from the catalyst during their synthesis. These materials result in defects in CNTs which are detrimental to the mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of the obtained CNTs. As a follow-up on a recent study, evaluation of crystallinity of CNTs obtained from waste polypropylene (PP) using a single stage chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technique over NiMo/MgO catalysts, prepared by different methods (sol-gel and incipient wet impregnation methods), via X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis is reported in this study. The obtained crystallinity was compared to that of commercially available CNTs. It was observed that CNTs obtained over sol-gel prepared catalyst displayed almost similar fingerprint crystallinity to that of the commercially obtained CNTs.
An Overview of Sputtering Hydroxyapatite for BiomedicalApplication
Authors: Oladijo SS , Akinlabi ET , Mwema FM , Stamboulis Artemis
Published: April 2021

Materials such as biocompatible metals, ceramics, composites, and polymers are used in the fabrication of biomedical implants which are used in the human body especially for the replacement of hard tissues. However, they degrade with time since they are subjected to different mechanical conditions and long-term exposure to fluids corrosion. Therefore, to curb these limitations, the surface properties are usually coated with thin metallic and nonmetallic materials. One such nonmetal is Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating which has the potential of mitigating these shortcomings and it is a biocompatible and bioactive material. This paper provides an overview of the existing literature on the sputtering of hydroxyapatite coating for biomedical applications with emphasis on the deposition conditions and parameters.
Data on the effect of Ibuprofen drug derivative on 430T1 stainless steel in acid solutions
Authors: Sanni O. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Popoola A.P.I. , Agboola O.
Published: April 2021

The anti-corrosion performance of Ibuprofen (IP) on 430T1 stainless steel samples exposed to 0.5 M H2SO4 solutions was evaluated employing electrochemical techniques. The results obtained validated the inhibitive performance of this compound, and the compound efficiency increased with increasing its concentration. The compound enhances the stainless steel passivation with an increased repression rate of the critical current. The inhibited samples show the lowest corrosion rate and high inhibition efficiency in comparison to the uninhibited samples. Tafel curves suggested that the IP mitigate both the cathodic and anodic reactions simultaneously. The adsorption of Ibuprofen was found to obey Freundlich’s adsorption isotherm. It is concluded that IP improved the stainless steel corrosion protection considerably.
Experimental and Analytical study on the elastic properties of HDPE/SWCNT nanocomposites
Authors: Tebeta R.T. , Ahmed N.A. , Fattahi A.M.
Published: April 2021

The development of new materials which possesses specific properties for explicit engineering applications has proven to be a key issue in modern researches and manufacturing industries. This is influenced by the necessity of novel and advanced materials in the aerospace, automotive, biomedical and other industries. One possible solution for progressive material development is a combination of two or more materials of different properties which results with a composite material of improved properties compared to the constituent materials. If one face of materials in a composite material is at the nanoscale the subsequent material is said to be nanocomposite. In this work, High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) was reinforced with Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) nanoparticles at different weight fractions to result with HDPE/SWCNTs nanocomposites. The produced HDPE/SWCNTs nanocomposites were processed according to injection and compression mouldings. The experimental approach was then used to investigate the effect of the two processing approaches and the consequences of adding SWCNTs nanoparticles weight fraction on the elastic properties of the HDPE matrix. The results showed that addition of SWCNTs improves the elastic properties of HDPE/SWCNTs nanocomposites in both processing techniques. Furthermore, injection moulding proved to be better processing method of enhancing the elastic properties of the nanocomposites compared to compression moulding. Finally, three analytical models were used for validation and it was found that the approximation model and model of Pan gives acceptable predictions linking to the experimental results compare to the rule of mixture model.
Heat Treatments of Ti6Al4V Alloys for Industrial Applications: An Overview
Authors: Omoniyi P.O. , Akinlabi E. T. , Mahamood R. M.
Published: April 2021

Heat treatment is a fundamental metallurgical process aimed at achieving desired mechanical properties. This article aims at analysing the impact of annealing process of heat treatment with the solution heat treatment and ageing of Ti6Al4V alloy on the mechanical properties such as microstructure, fracture toughness, tensile strength and hardness of titanium alloy under each heat-treating process. Heat treatment processes aids in creating a sustainable manufacturing process for industries.
An overview of factors affecting the rate of generation and Physical Composition of Municipal Solid Waste
Authors: Adeleke O.A. , Akinlabi S.A. , Jen T. C , Dunmade I.
Published: April 2021

An efficient waste management strategy requires a detailed waste characterization, quantification and prediction of the rate of generation and physical components of waste, which is also an index of the recoverable energy. A comprehensive data of waste generation and composition creates awareness for the concerned policy makers and organization responsible for waste management. The objective of studies on estimation of waste generation and physical content is to provide baseline data for effective waste management planning. Several factors account for the variation in the rate of generation and the physical content of waste generated at different places. This study aims at identifying and analyzing some of these factors. The review reveals that waste generation and composition follows different patterns in different places at different locations at different times and season. A major factor that influences the rate of generated waste per year and the percentage composition of each physical waste stream is the socio-economic level. Moreover, the organic stream of the waste depends largely on the income level. High content of organic waste is identified in the low-income region, this paper, therefore, recommends the setting up of treatment facilities for organic waste at the organic-rich region.
Design of A Water Transmission and Storage System for Sustainable Reuse of Wastewater Within A University Community
Authors: Adeyinka M.O. , Araoye O , Akpan V.E , Omole D.O. , Elemile O.O.
Published: April 2021

This research is aimed at designing a wastewater transmission system from storage to treatment and, eventually to storage in an elevated steel tank. The work includes the design of a 750,000-litre capacity underground concrete reservoir and a 125,000-litre capacity elevated steel tank. For the transmission design, field activities involved the use of Magellan eXplorist 350H North America G.P.S. and Google Earth to determine coordinates of different points in a selected private university campus, southwest Nigeria as well as the lowest and the highest elevation points. The highest point in the university was located at the postgraduate hall of residence, and the lowest point was located at the schools constructed wetland within the campus. WaterCAD was used to design the flow path network, while the water storage design software used for this project are StaadPro.V8i, Orion 18, and AutoCAD 2013. StaadPro.V8i was employed for the analysis and design of the underground storage facility and the elevated steel tank, while the Orion software was utilized for concrete design and detailing of the underground storage facility. The results from all the design applications were exported to the AutoCAD environment for editing and proper scaling. This study has revealed that the construction of a 750 m3 underground storage tank would be highly efficient and economical when compared to a smaller tank. Also, both the hydrostatic forces acting internally within the underground tank and active and passive pressure acting externally toward the wall has shown to possess zero impact on the shear wall.
Rosemary oil as a Corrosion Inhibitor on High Carbon Steel in Citric Acid and Sodium Chloride: Weight Loss Study
Authors: Odunlami O.A. , Loto R.T. , Fajobi M.A. , Akande I.G. , Oladimeji T.E. , Olomukoro O.T.
Published: April 2021

The Inhibition effect of plant extract of rosemary oil (Rosmarinus officinalis) on corrosion of high carbon steel in 0.5M citric acid and 3.5wt% sodium chloride had been done by weight loss method. 0%, 0.50%, 1.00%, 1.50%, 2.00% and 2.50% concentration of rosemary oil was used on sodium chloride and citric acid solutions. Results from weight loss analysis shows that rosemary oil performed more strongly in sodium chloride solution compared to citric acid with excellent inhibition efficiency of 97.86% at 2.00% inhibitor concentration and 88.33% at 2.50% inhibitor concentration respectively. This shows that rosemary performed excellently in both corrosive environments.
Evaluating Energy Consumption And Loading Of Institutional Buildings In North West-Nigeria
Authors: Yabo Umar Kabir , Kanoma Muhammad Usman , Yahuza Abdulhamid
Published: April 2021

Lack of government policies on efficient use of energy in buildings is one of the limiting factors toward achieving sustainable environment and development. Although, government has been setting targets to increase electricity generation in Nigeria, there is little or no consideration for its efficient usage in buildings. In order to propose an energy efficient office building, energy audit of existing similar structures should be conducted. Thus, this research aims at finding the energy demand of University Senate Buildings in North West-Nigeria (hot dry climate) in order to serve as a bench mark for further researches. Senate Buildings of three universities were studied, namely: Northwest University, Kano (NUK), Bayero University, Kano (BUK) and Umaru Musa Yaradua University, Katsina (UMYUK). Quantitative approach was adopted to carry out the audit and results were recorded as follows: NUK: 258,770.4kwh, BUK: 190,338.24kwh and UMYUK: 190,338.24kwh. The three results indicated high demand for energy by the existing case studies which necessitate researches on how to lower this demand to the barest minimum and to propose more sustainable design approaches.
Design and development of a table-mounted manual drilling machine for the rural purpose
Authors: Banjo S.O. , Babalola P.O. , Osagie I. , Joseph O.O. , Williams A.B. , Fayomi O.S.I , Bolu C.A. , Afolalu S.A.
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a simple and flexible table mounted manual drilling machine designed and developed for rural applications to drill metallic and non-hardened material manually. The drilling machine is one of the essential devices with its applications where a circular cross-section hole is required. However, the manually operated drilling machine was developed for small drilling operations. It eradicated the major challenge of the inability to access electricity in most hamlets and villages across the country where solid materials such as wood and metalwork were engaged daily. The lack of power has deteriorated the economy and reduced some essential services to minimum benefit in those vulnerable areas. The high cost of equipment, especially the highly technological machines, has prompted the implementation of the simple but technically based manual drilling machine (MDM). The use of the manual approach in producing holes in solid materials is of more significant advantage in the rural communities where their sources of income and purchasing power are deficient.
Effect of Palm Bunch Ash on the Compressive Strength of Concrete
Authors: Ekeleme A. C. , Ugwu E. I. , Njoku C.E. , Amanamba E.C. , Arinze E. E. , Ibearugbulam O.H. , Patrick I.O. , Jagba A.S.
Published: April 2021

The compressive strength of concrete made with ash from palm bunch was investigated in this study. In the tests, varying compositions of palm bunch ash (0. 5, 10, 15, 20) % were used to replace cement, then a suitable mix design of 1:2:4 was used as the control test. The engineering properties of both fine aggregates were obtained by conducting sieve analysis, slump test, and curing to find out the characteristic strength of the concrete on the cubes produced. A total of 50 concrete cubes were moulded, cured and tested after 28 days for the basic compressive strength. The result obtained showed that, the compressive strength of concrete decreased with an increase in the percentages of palm bunch ash. Thus, the addition of palm bunch ash alone did not improve the compressive strength of concrete. Therefore, palm bunch ash could be a suitable modifier when used together with other additives to achieve the desired strength of concrete.
Design and Construction of a Weather-Based Automatic Sliding Window
Authors: Abdulkareem Ademola , Somefun T.E. , Oguntosin V. , Adeyemi B.O.
Published: April 2021

In the twenty-first century, technology has continued to evolve rapidly and has found more applications in various sectors of life, especially in the control and monitoring of processes. The idea of automating appliances and control has been implemented in the automatic sliding window. Automation, indeed makes human living less stressful, which is the goal of engineering as a field. The automatic sliding window is designed with the primary aim of programming the action of the window per time to depend on environmental conditions utilizing sensors. The methodology, design, implementation, and testing of the system is explained in detail in this study.
Improving Classification Performance of Skewed Biomass Data
Authors: Olatunji Obafemi O. , Adedeji Paul A. , Akinlabi Stephen , Madushele Nkosinathi , Ishola Felix , Aworinde Abraham K.
Published: April 2021

The importance of biomass in power generation towards the attainment of a sustainable bio-economy is well documented. But, like most real-life data streams, biomass data are characterised by class imbalances and are often tagged as skewed. Therefore, there is a need for a model which can accurately predict the biomass data classes while correctly identifying the minority data class considering the imbalances within the classes. In this study, RUSBoost is introduced to alleviate this challenge. RUSBoost provides dual benefits of data sampling and boosting, therefore proving an easy and proficient method for enhancing classification performance during training and testing. This study proposes a RUSBoost model to classify biomass dataset from various sources. The main objective is to optimally predict the classes, therefore this study only focuses on the RUSBoost algorithm while analysing how it fares in predicting the classes. The performance assessment was based on several know indices which are accuracy (65.2%), error rate (34.8%), sensitivity (74.8%), specificity (94.8%) FPR (5.2%), Kappa statistics (72.3%), G-mean (84.21%) and computation time (12.4 secs). It was concluded that learning based on RUSBoost is satisfactory for skewed data class though further work can improve the overall accuracy.
Evaluation of a constructed manual drilling machine for small scale operation
Authors: Banjo S.O. , Joseph O.O. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Udor M. , Dirisu J.O. , Omole D.O. , Afolalu S.A. , Osagie I.
Published: April 2021

In this study, a critical analysis was carried out on the various classes of drilling machine to establish their performance based on their applications and also, to have comparative evaluation between electrically driven drilling machines (EDDM) and manually operated drilling machine (MODM). In the ancient days, flat punch was used to make holes on materials, but due to advancements in technology, drilling machines are now being used instead, making the work easier and faster. There are different drilling machines, including radial, sensitive, upright, gang, deep hole, multiple spindles, and automated drilling machines. Also, an indigenous table-mounted manual drilling machine was fabricated, with a rigid and robust structure but flexible to operate enhances the production of the hole on solid materials such as metal, wood, Teflon, and other materials. This evaluation has provided an enormous privilege for the manual operated drilling machine to be employed for small scale operation (SSO) and to serve as a relief to the less privilege communities. More so, this simple method would save the end-user from the unnecessary expense on fuel and expensive bills.
Evaluation of Aspect Ratio on Tensile and Compressive Properties of Welded API X70 Steel
Authors: Erinfolami O. I. , Adedipe O.
Published: April 2021

Pipelines are fabricated by welding and are used for transportation of oil and gas products globally. These joints are prone to surface defects and sometimes deep cracks depending on types of loading they experience while in operation. Hence, it is necessary to understand the effect of defects on mechanical properties of welded pipeline joints for estimation of their service lives. In this study, a numerical approach was used to study the effects of aspect ratio on pipeline steel. Artificial cracks were created on API X70 steel tensile and compression specimens using different aspect ratios. ANSYS 2019 2R was used for modelling and loading of the specimens. Results show that the investigated mechanical properties were not only sensitive to materials type (weld and base) but also to aspect ratio. The maximum stresses obtained for tensile and compression specimens using various aspect ratios were discussed.