bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A positioning algorithm realized multilateration for distributed fiber‐optic sensor
Authors: Ye Zi , Wang Jian , Wang Chao , Jia Bo
Published: September 2016

Based on a distributed fiber‐optic sensor with a hybrid configuration of Mach‐Zehnder and Sagnac interferometer, cepstrum method is proposed in this paper to realize multilateration by estimating time delay. Compared with traditional null frequency method and autocorrelation algorithm, cepstrum method showed much better location accuracy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2913–2917, 2016
an ultra‐wideband bandpass filter with high return loss and controllable notch band
Authors: Kim Phirun , Chaudhary Girdhari , Jeong Yongchae
Published: September 2016

In this paper, an ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) with a high return loss and a notch band is proposed. A high return loss and a notch band can be obtained by controlling characteristics impedance of coupled line and length of the shut stubs, respectively. For the validation, the UWB BPF was designed and measured to obtain 20 dB return loss with a notch band at 5.5 GHz. The results presented indicated that the 20 dB return loss is extended from 2.93 to 5.1 GHz and 6.14 to 11 GHz. The maximum return loss and attenuation at the notch band of 5.6 GHz are 2.3 dB and 16 dB, respectively. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2922–2926, 2016
Experimental design of bandstop filters based on unconventional defected ground structures
Authors: Annam Kaushik , Kumar Khah Sunil , Dooley Steven , Cerny Charles , Subramanyam Guru
Published: September 2016

A modified design of band stop filters using unconventional defected ground structures (DGS) is presented. The new proposed structures have conventional dumbbell DGS and spiral DGS integrated with U‐slots. These microstrip structures provide high selectivity and Q‐factor. By integrating the U‐slot to the conventional structures, the overall capacitance and inductance increase which results in shift of resonance frequency from3.434 GHz to2.323 GHz for modified dumbbell and from 1.818 GHz to 1.702 GHz for modified spiral structure. Sharp transition is achieved from pass band to stop band and reduced ripples in the pass band for the new proposed DGS while the DGS sizes remain the same. The proposed designs were fabricated and tested on a dielectric substrate with dielectric permittivity of 10. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2969–2973, 2016
Compact triple‐band PIFA with high bandwidth and gain for multiple mobile services
Authors: Oliveira R. G. M. , Sales A. J. M. , Nascimento J. P. C. , Menezes J. W. M. , Silva M. A. S. , Sombra A. S. B.
Published: September 2016

A new planar triple band microstrip‐fed Planar Inverted‐F Antenna (PIFA) for the use in GSM835 band (698–989 MHz), DCS1940 band (1824–2033 MHz) and Wi‐Fi2340 band (2302–2548 MHz) is reported. A numerical study based on the parameters like ground plane length, height of radiating plate, feeding point position, shorting plate width, and position, was done to obtain an optimized antenna. The simulation allowed the characterization of the designed antenna as a function of different antenna parameters like S11, resonant frequency, bandwidth, gain, radiation pattern, and electric and magnetic fields distribution. A prototype was fabricated and the agreement with the simulations study was very good. The measured bandwidth of 34.73%, 48.47%, and 38.21% were obtained, respectively. The gain of 4.02 dBi, 2.47 dBi, and 4.93 dBi was also obtained for each band, respectively. The antenna also presents high efficiency of 53.19%, 49.07%, and 62.21%, respectively. The reported results show that this PIFA is suitable for mobile‐communication applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2960–2965, 2016
Low‐profile circularly polarized fabry–perot cavity antenna
Authors: Ratni Badreddine , de Lustrac André , Villers Serge , Nawaz Burokur Shah
Published: September 2016

The modeling and characterization of a low‐profile circularly polarized directive antenna is reported. The proposed structure designed to operate near 2.1 GHz is evolved from a Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity with a patch antenna acting as the feed. One of the two reflectors is the antenna's ground plane and the other one is made from a bi‐layered metamaterial‐based partially reflecting surface (PRS) constituted by a capacitive and an inductive grid. The metasurface responds similarly to orthogonally polarized electric field. Calculations together with experimental results obtained from the fabricated prototype are presented. The results show a high directivity, low axial ratio and low level for the secondary lobes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2957–2960, 2016
Compact 1 × 4 patch antenna array by means of EBG structures with enhanced bandwidth
Authors: Jam Shahrokh , Malekpoor Hossein
Published: September 2016

In this paper, a novel design of compact 1 × 4 patch antenna array using electromagnetic band gap (EBG) for wideband operation is introduced. Three unequal arms fed by CPW‐to‐slotline through a coupling system of 100 Ω T‐shaped slotline transitions are utilized for broadening the impedance bandwidth with multiple resonances. By adding two conventional mushroom‐type EBG (CMT‐EBG) structures on both sides of 100 Ω slotline transitions, dual wideband patch array is obtained. The proposed 1 × 4 patch array with CMT‐EBG includes two bands with the measured ranges (S11≤−10 dB) of 6.71–6.97 GHz and 8.60–11.51 GHz. Moreover, more size reduction is achieved by using an edge‐shorted mushroom‐type EBG (ESM‐EBG) for the proposed array. This design with the ESM‐EBG indicates almost 37% size reduction compared with the proposed array without EBG. In this paper, an equivalent circuit model of the proposed 1 × 4 array with EBG is also introduced to describe the process of its bandwidth enhancement. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2983–2989, 2016
A superconducting manifold‐coupled triplexer with an iterative design method at X‐band
Authors: Song Xiaoke , Liu Yong , Wei Bin , She Yajun , Wang Honghua , Luo Tao , Cao Bisong , Lu Xinxiang , Jiang Ying
Published: September 2016

This paper presents a superconducting manifold‐coupled narrowband triplexer at X‐band frequency. The high Q‐value resonator is adopted to create a filter with low insertion loss. Impedance matching and iterative design methods are used to design the duplexer and manifold structure. Furthermore, metal shielding plates are used to separate the three channels to suppress the box resonant modes. The three bandwidths of the superconducting triplexer are all 60 MHz, and the center frequencies are 9.0, 9.12, and 9.24 GHz. The triplexer exhibits good performance at 65 K, with an insertion loss of 0.7 dB at 9.24 GHz. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2949–2954, 2016
Design of a low‐profile H‐plane siw horn antenna with modified flare walls
Authors: Wang Xiaochuan , Han Xin , Lu Chao , lou Yihui , Lu Wenzhong
Published: September 2016

A low‐profile H‐plane horn antenna with modified flare walls based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is presented. To deal with the common problem of impedance mismatch in SIW horns built on thin substrates, modified flare walls consisting of a rolled edge section and a curved throat section are employed. In addition, the arc‐shaped grated transition, which can also lower the reflection coefficient, is introduced after the horn aperture. The antenna is implemented on a PTFE substrate. Measured |S11| of the proposed antenna is below −10 dB from 12.0 to 15.5 GHz. Therefore, the proposed design can achieve an enhanced bandwidth of 25.5% with a substrate thickness of only 0.092 λ0, showing good impedance matching performance. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:3012–3015, 2016
Four element half circle shape printed mimo antenna
Authors: Hassan A. T. , Sharawi M. S.
Published: September 2016

In this work, a four element multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system with half circle shape printed monopole antennas is presented. The antenna elements are designed on an FR4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.3 and dimensions of 110 × 60 × 0.8 mm3. These antennas are covering part of 4G and WLAN bands with maximum measured gain and efficiency of 3.12 dB and 81.5%, respectively, along with a −10 dB bandwidth of 230 MHz. The coupling between adjacent ports is at least −11 dB without using any technique for isolation enhancement. The MIMO antenna system has good pattern isolation such that the correlation coefficient is calculated using the measured three‐dimensional (3D) far field radiation pattern with a maximum value of 0.3 at 2.4 GHz. The proposed design can be used in handheld terminals. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2990–2992, 2016
Subwavelength operating metamaterial for multiband applications
Authors: Hossain M. J. , Faruque M. R. I. , Islam S. S. , Islam M. T.
Published: September 2016

In this article, subwavelength operating double negative compact metamaterial was designed, fabricated, and measured that can operate in a multiband microwave frequency span. The proposed metamaterial structure offers miniaturization factor compared with traditional metamaterial unit‐cells and obeys better effective medium ratio. Commercially available Computer Simulation Technology electromagnetic simulator was adopted to investigate the design of the metamaterial. The subwavelength metamaterial displays multiband response in conjunction with left handed property over the certain frequency band in the microwave regime. In addition, the effective medium parameters of the metamaterial were studied. The dimensions and scattering parameters of the proposed double negative compact metamaterial are suitable for multiband applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:3004–3008, 2016
A bounding surface elasto‐viscoplastic constitutive model for non‐isothermal cyclic analysis of asphaltic materials
Authors: Shahbodagh B. , Habte M.A. , Khoshghalb A. , Khalili N.
Published: September 2016

An elasto‐viscoplastic constitutive model for asphaltic materials is presented within the context of bounding surface plasticity theory, taking into account the effects of the stress state, void binder degree of saturation, temperature and strain rate on the material behaviour. A stress state dependent non‐linear elasticity model is introduced to represent time‐independent recoverable portion of the deformation. The consistent visco‐plasticity framework is utilised to capture the rate‐dependent, non‐recoverable strain components. The material parameters introduced in the model are identified, and their determination from conventional laboratory tests is discussed. The capability of the model to reproduce experimentally observed response of asphaltic materials is demonstrated through numerical simulations of several laboratory test data from the literature. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Big strategy to little strategy: a multiple case analysis of public affairs planning
Authors: Plowman Kenneth D.
Published: September 2016

Grand strategy or overall strategy is essential to successful strategic communication planning as are the tactics of any campaign to accomplish that longer‐term strategy. That is what is meant in thinking of big strategy to little strategy in the title of this study. The terms play off the phrase, the big idea, generally credited to David Ogilvy who some call the father of advertising but also used by Edward Bernays, who some call the father of public relations, in his 1936 work, Biography of an Idea: The Founding Principles of Public Relations. The purpose of the present study was to meld the big and little concepts of strategy in public relations through analyzing strategic communication plans for Multi‐National Forces‐Iraq, a United Nations military force of 40 countries led by the United States. It encompassed multiple case studies that included interviews, documents, participant observation, and direct observation in strategic communication planning. It also confirmed the usage of research and overarching goals as big strategy, and the operational and tactical parts of public relations planning as little strategy although big strategy can be elevated to the highest corporate levels as well.
A comparison of safety and efficacy of cytotoxic versus molecularly targeted drugs in pediatric phase I solid tumor oncology trials
Authors: Dorris Kathleen , Liu Chunyan , Li Dandan , Hummel Trent R. , Wang Xia , Perentesis John , Kim Mi‐Ok , Fouladi Maryam
Published: September 2016

Background

Prior reviews of phase I pediatric oncology trials involving primarily cytotoxic agents have reported objective response rates (ORRs) and toxic death rates of 7.9–9.6% and 0.5%, respectively. These data may not reflect safety and efficacy in phase I trials of molecularly targeted (targeted) drugs.

Methods

A systematic review of pediatric phase I solid tumor trials published in 1990–2013 was performed. The published reports were evaluated for patient characteristics, toxicity information, and response numbers.

Results

A total of 143 phase I pediatric clinical trials enrolling 3,896 children involving 53 targeted and 48 cytotoxic drugs were identified. A meta‐analysis demonstrated that the ORR is 2.1‐fold higher with cytotoxic drugs (0.066 vs. 0.031 per subject; P = 0.007). By contrast, the pooled estimate of the stable disease rate (SDR) is similar for cytotoxic and targeted drugs (0.2 vs. 0.23 per subject; P = 0.27).  The pooled estimate of the dose‐limiting toxicity rate is 1.8‐fold larger with cytotoxic drugs (0.24 vs. 0.13 per subject; P = 0.0003). The hematologic grade 3–4 (G3/4) toxicity rate is 3.6‐fold larger with cytotoxic drugs (0.43 vs. 0.12 per treatment course; P = 0.0001); however, the nonhematologic G3/4 toxicities and toxic deaths occur at similar rates for cytotoxic and targeted drugs.

Conclusions

In phase I pediatric solid tumor trials, ORRs were significantly higher for cytotoxic versus targeted agents. SDRs were similar in targeted and cytotoxic drug trials. Patients treated with cytotoxic agents were more likely to experience hematologic G3/4 toxicities than those patients receiving targeted drugs.
An insight into the schizophrenic self‐assembly of thermo and proton sensitive graphene oxide grafted block copolymer
Authors: Maity Nabasmita , Kuila Atanu , Chatterjee Dhruba P. , Mandal Debasish , Nandi Arun K.
Published: September 2016

In order to study the self‐assembly of block copolymer grafted from graphene oxide (GO) by the fluorescence of GO, poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)‐block‐poly(dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) is grafted from its surface using consecutive ring opening (ROP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). GO‐g‐(PCL13‐b‐PDMAEMA117) (GPCLD) at pH 9.2 exhibits cloud point (Tc) at 32 °C. At pH 9.2 HRTEM images indicate schizophrenic morphology from vesicle at 26 °C to annular ring at 30 °C followed by giant size aggregation at 38 °C. But the reference block copolymer (PCL14‐b‐PDMAEMA126, PCLD), synthesized using benzyl alcohol as ROP initiator, exhibits only core–shell morphology whose size increases with rising temperature at pH 9.2. GPCLD solution exhibits good photoluminescence (PL) property arising from GO at pH 9.2 and PL‐intensity increases abruptly during phase transition. Both Tc and size of GPCLD assembly can be reversibly tuned by CO2 and N2 gas purging. 1H NMR spectra exhibit a gradual shift of resonance peaks of the protons on CO2 bubbling. Thus at pH 9.2 and at 38 °C the GPCLD acts as a good CO2 sensor. Additionally, the GPCLD vesicle can load hydrophobic guest molecules which can be released by triggering with CO2. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3878–3887
A potential insect growth regulator for cockroach control: design, synthesis and bioactivity of N‐terminal‐modified allatostatin analogues
Authors: Wu Xiaoqing , Wang Meizi , Huang Juan , Zhang Li , Zhang Zhe , Ling Yun , Yang Xinling , Tobe Stephen S
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

The FGLa‐allatostatins (ASTs) are a family of neuropeptides that can inhibit juvenile hormone biosynthesis by the corpora allata (CA) in vitro, and therefore they are regarded as insect growth regulator (IGR) candidates for pest control. In our previous studies, an AST mimic, H17, was found to have a significant effect on JH biosynthesis by cockroach CA, both in vitro and in vivo. To discover new potential mimics and explore the substituent effect on the inhibition of JH biosynthesis, 30 analogues, modified with various substituents on the benzene ring at the N‐terminus of lead compound H17, were designed and synthesised. Their bioactivity in inhibiting JH biosynthesis by the CA of Diploptera punctata and the potency of M9, M10 and M11 in activation of Dippu‐AstR were evaluated.

RESULTS

All the analogues showed an effect on JH biosynthesis by CA in vitro. M9, M10 and M11 can activate the Dippu‐AstR, albeit with much lower potency than that of AST 1. M11 also exhibited improved in vitro activity (IC50 6.98 nm) in comparison with the lead compound H17 (IC50 29.5 nm). In particular, M11 displayed good in vivo activity in inhibiting JH biosynthesis and basal oocyte growth.

CONCLUSION

The structure–activity relationship studies suggest that different positions of substituents on the benzene ring of the cinnamic acid can lead to different activities. The para‐substitution on the benzene ring plays an important role in inhibiting JH biosynthesis in vitro. Moreover, M11 is considered to be a potential IGR for cockroach control. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Performances of transparent indium zinc oxide thin film transistors using ZrO2 as dielectric processed by solution method
Authors: Zhao Jun Wei , Zhang Xin An , Li Shuang , Zheng Hai Wu , Yang Guang , Zhang Wei Feng
Published: September 2016

We report here the electrical and UV‐photoelectrical performance of transparent indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin film transistors with solution‐processed zirconia (ZrO2) dielectric. The channel layers were deposited by magnetron sputter at room temperature. The ZrO2 dielectric was deposited by solution process under ambient conditions followed by low temperature annealing. The films were structurally characterized by X‐ray diffraction and atomic force microscope. Good device characteristics have been obtained with a field effect mobility of 30.7 cm2 V−1s−1, a current on/off ratio of 105, a threshold voltage of 0.8 V, and a sub‐threshold swing of 30 mV decade−1. A resistor‐load inverter was fabricated and shows reasonable transfer characteristics with a gain of about 5 at supply voltage of 2 V. It was observed that the transistors are sensitive to UV illumination. When exposed to ultraviolet light with an intensity of 120 µW cm−2, the photo‐to‐dark current ratio was more than 104 in the depletion region. All the above features make IZO thin film transistor a promising candidate to be also used as a UV‐photo transistor.
A physics‐based threshold voltage model of AlGaN/GaN nanowire channel high electron mobility transistor
Authors: He Yunlong , Zhai Shaopeng , Mi Minhan , Zhou Xiaowei , Zheng Xuefeng , Zhang Meng , Zhang Peng , Yang Ling , Wang Chong , Ma Xiaohua , Hao Yue
Published: September 2016

A new simple model of threshold voltage for AlGaN/GaN nanowire channel high electron mobility transistors (NC‐HEMTs) is built in this work. Firstly, four NC‐HEMTs with different nanowire channel width are fabricated, and the conventional HEMT is produced for comparison. With the nanowire channel width decreasing, the threshold voltage of NC‐HEMTs moves positively. Then, the dependence of electron concentration on the nanowire channel width is studied by Silvaco simulation software. With the nanowire channel width decreasing, the electron concentration reduces. Finally, we recognize the threshold voltage model of conventional HEMT for NC‐HEMT modeling, and the new model of threshold voltage of NC‐HEMT is obtained. This model can explain the dependence of electron concentration on nanowire channel width. The depletion region width formed by side gate is about 37 nm which is obtained by the equation of the new model.
THC (Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol) Exerts Neuroprotective Effect in Glutamate‐affected Murine Primary Mesencephalic Cultures Through Restoring Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Anti‐apoptosis Involving CB1 Receptor‐dependent Mechanism
Authors: Nguyen Chi Huu , Krewenka Christopher , Radad Khaled , Kranner Barbara , Huber Alexandra , Duvigneau Johanna Catharina , Miller Ingrid , Moldzio Rudolf
Published: September 2016

Aging‐related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) or related disorders, are an increasing societal and economic burden worldwide. Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is discussed as a neuroprotective agent in several in vitro and in vivo models of brain injury. However, the mechanisms by which THC exhibits neuroprotective properties are not completely understood. In the present study, we investigated neuroprotective mechanisms of THC in glutamate‐induced neurotoxicity in primary murine mesencephalic cultures, as a culture model for PD. Glutamate was administered for 48 h with or without concomitant THC treatment. Immunocytochemistry staining and resazurin assay were used to evaluate cell viability. Furthermore, superoxide levels, caspase‐3 activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential were determined to explore the mode of action of this compound. THC protected dopaminergic neurons and other cell types of primary dissociated cultures from glutamate‐induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, THC significantly counteracted the glutamate‐induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and apoptosis. SR141716A, a CB1 receptor antagonist, concentration‐dependently blocked the protective effect of THC in primary mesencephalic cultures. In conclusion, THC exerts anti‐apoptotic and restores mitochondrial membrane potential via a mechanism dependent on CB1 receptor. It strengthens the fact that THC has a benefit on degenerative cellular processes occurring, among others, in PD and other neurodegenerative diseases by slowing down the progression of neuronal cell death. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Know how to handle media coverage of high‐profile incidents on your campus
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: September 2016

Handling the media during high‐profile incidents on your campus easily ranks as one of the most stressful duties of your student affairs career. You can make the whole experience more manageable and less stressful by establishing solid partnerships with your institution's media relations staff and learning how to work with the media. In fact, taking these steps now can help you turn potentially bad, embarrassing, or inaccurate news into a comprehensive and balanced story.
Selective Lignin Oxidation towards Vanillin in Phenol Media
Authors: Luo Jizhong , Melissa Prawirasatya , Zhao Wenguang , Wang Zhan , Zhu Yinghuai
Published: September 2016

Selective lignin oxidation reaction to produce vanillin was carried out in phenol media with a catalyst of γ‐Al2O3 supported ReOx nanoparticles. A vanillin yield of 7.3wt% was achieved under moderate reaction conditions of (120 °C and 2 bar oxygen) according to GC ananlysis. The vanillin selectivity is higher than 95.0 %. The catalyst could be separated conveniently from the product mixture and re‐used with sustainable activity in the processes.
Progress of Chiral Schiff Bases with C1 Symmetry in Metal‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions
Authors: Hayashi Masahiko
Published: September 2016

In this Personal Account, various chiral Schiff base–metal‐catalyzed enantioselective organic reactions are reported; the Schiff bases used were O,N,O‐ as well as N,N,P‐tridentate ligands and N,N‐bidentate ligands having C1 symmetry. In particular, the enantioselective addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide, dialkylzinc, and organozinc halides to aldehydes, enantioselective 1,4‐addition of dialkylzinc to cyclic and acyclic enones, and asymmetric allylic oxidation are reported. Typically, ketimine‐type Schiff base–metal complexes exhibited higher reactivity and enantioselectivity compared with the corresponding aldimine‐type Schiff base–metal complexes. Notably, remarkable ligand acceleration was observed for all reactions. The obtained products can be used as key intermediates for optically active natural products and pharmaceuticals.
The Quality and Utility of Surgical and Anesthetic Data at a Ugandan Regional Referral Hospital
Authors: Tumusiime G. , Was A. , Preston M. A. , Riesel J. N. , Ttendo S. S. , Firth P. G.
Published: September 2016

Background

There are little primary data available on the delivery or quality of surgical treatment in rural sub‐Saharan African hospitals. To initiate a quality improvement system, we characterized the existing data capture at a Ugandan Regional Referral Hospital.

Methods

We examined the surgical ward admission (January 2008–December/2011) and operating theater logbooks (January 2010–July 2011) at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital.

Results

There were 6346 admissions recorded over three years. The mean patient age was 31.4 ± 22.3 years; 29.8 % (n = 1888) of admissions were children. Leading causes of admission were general surgical problems (n = 3050, 48.1 %), trauma (n = 2041, 32.2 %), oncology (n = 718, 11.3 %) and congenital condition (n = 193, 3.0 %). Laparotomy (n = 468, 35.3 %), incision and drainage (n = 188, 14.2 %) and hernia repair (n = 90, 6.8 %) were the most common surgical procedures. Of 1325 operative patients, 994 (75 %) had an ASA I–II score. Of patients undergoing 810 procedures booked as non‐elective, 583 (72 %) had an ASA “E” rating. Records of 41.3 % (n‐403/975) of patients age 5 years or older undergoing non‐obstetric operations were missing from the ward logbook. Missing patients were younger (25 [13,40] versus 30 [18,46] years, p = 0.002) and had higher ASA scores (ASA III‐V 29.0 % versus 18.9 %, p < 0.001) than patients recorded in the logbbook; there was no diffence in gender (male 62.8 % versus 67.0 %, p = 0.20).

Conclusions

The hospital records system measures surgical care, but improved data capture is needed to determine outcomes with sufficient accuracy to guide and record expansion of surgical capacity.
Theodore Prodromos and the use of the poetic work of Gregory of Nazianzus: Appropriation in the service of self-representation
Authors: Zagklas Nikos
Published: September 2016

Gregory of Nazianzus and Theodore Prodromos are two of the most influential poets of Byzantium. And yet, no study has examined the various intertextual correspondences between their poetic works. This article is the first to demonstrate the extensive appropriation of Gregory's work by Prodromos. It is divided into three parts:1the first discusses poems composed by Prodromos in praise of Gregory; the second part attempts to show which of Gregory's poems Prodromos read and his technique of ‘plundering’ words from Gregory's corpus; the third part concentrates on Prodromos’ creative imitation of Nazianzus’ poetry in terms of wording, genre and sentiments, which eventually enabled him to craft part of his authorial self-portrait.
The Politics of church land administration: the Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem in late Ottoman and Mandatory Palestine, 1875–1948
Authors: Papastathis Konstantinos , Kark Ruth
Published: September 2016

This article follows the course of the prolonged land dispute within the Orthodox Church of Jerusalem between the Greek religious establishment and the local Arab laity from the late Ottoman period to the end of the British Mandate (1875–1948). The article examines state policies in relation to Church-owned property and assesses how the administration of this property affected the inter-communal relationship. It is argued that both the Ottoman and the British authorities effectively adopted a pro-Greek stance, and that government refusal of the local Arab lay demands was predominantly predicated on regional and global political priorities.
Clytemnestra's letter in Iakovos Kambanellis’ Letter to Orestes
Authors: Pavlou Maria
Published: September 2016

Kambanellis’ Letter to Orestes constitutes Clytemnestra's apologia for the murder of Agamemnon and is addressed to her estranged son Orestes. Until now, research has concentrated mainly on the content, verbal message and metatheatrical dimension of Clytemnestra's letter, laying emphasis upon Kambanellis’ intertextual links with the ancient Greek tragedies revolving around the Atreid myth. This article focuses attention on the dramatic form of the letter, examining it as a physical object with social connotations and as an active agent in the development of the events. It is argued that in emphasizing these aspects of the letter Kambanellis was probably influenced by the function of letters in two of the Greek tragedies which he clearly draws upon in The Supper trilogy: Euripides’ Iphigenia at Aulis and Iphigenia among the Taurians. However, Kambanellis’ intention was not to reproduce his tragic models but rather to exploit the medium of the letter in order to reconsider a staple of his own work: the disconcerting issue of human, and more particularly of familial, communication.
Tribute to Emeritus Professor Freda Briggs: Child Protection Champion
Authors: Ey Lesley-anne , Goddard Chris
Published: September 2016

Professor Briggs began her career as a clerk at a chemical plant at age 14 years, and in 1950 she joined the London Metropolitan Police, New Scotland Yard where she worked in the child protection unit. It was here that she witnessed child abuse and the challenging social circumstances for many children, igniting her great interest in the protection of children. After marrying her long-time sweetheart Kenneth Briggs, having children and becoming a foster carer, she undertook her Year 12 studies by correspondence. She furthered her education by studying teaching at Warwick University. She then taught at Chesterfield Primary School.
Equilibrium measures for certain isometric extensions of Anosov systems
Authors: SPATZIER RALF , VISSCHER DANIEL
Published: September 2016

We prove that for the frame flow on a negatively curved, closed manifold of odd dimension other than 7, and a Hölder continuous potential that is constant on fibers, there is a unique equilibrium measure. Brin and Gromov’s theorem on the ergodicity of frame flows follows as a corollary. Our methods also give a corresponding result for automorphisms of the Heisenberg manifold fibering over the torus.
A numerical study of turbulence under temporally evolving axisymmetric contraction and subsequent relaxation
Authors: Clay M. P. , Yeung P. K.
Published: September 2016

Direct numerical simulations using up to $4096^{3}$ grid points on a deforming domain have been used to study the response of initially isotropic turbulence to a period of spatially uniform axisymmetric contraction (with one extensional and two equally compressive directions) and subsequent relaxation. A time-dependent strain rate is formulated to closely correspond to the downstream evolution in the wind tunnel experiments of Ayyalasomayajula & Warhaft (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 566, 2006, pp. 273–307), with a smoothly varying 4 : 1 contraction ratio. The application of strain leads to anisotropy in both the large scales and the small scales, in a manner where nonlinear effects not considered in rapid-distortion theory play an important role. Upon termination of strain, the small scales quickly return to isotropy while a residual level of anisotropy appears to persist at the large scales. The simulations are shown to reproduce many key findings from experiments, including distinctive changes in the form of the one-dimensional spectra in the extensional direction that arise at sufficiently high Reynolds number, during both the straining and relaxation periods. Scale-dependent measures of anisotropy are presented in terms of one-dimensional spectra and axisymmetric versions of the energy spectrum. To explain the observed changes in spectral shapes, various terms in the spectral evolution equation representing rapid pressure strain, slow pressure strain, production, nonlinear transfer and viscous dissipation are computed, showing that nonlinear effects take a dominant role when a wide range of scales exists. In particular, the ‘double-peak’ spectral form observed in experiments at high Reynolds number is found to be a consequence of the small scales relaxing towards isotropy much faster than the large scales. A comparison of results obtained from computational domains of varying sizes and grid resolutions show that the numerical findings are robust.
Compressive Mechanical Property Analysis of Eva Foam: Its Buffering Effects at Different Impact Velocities
Authors: Liu D.-S. , Chen Z.-H. , Tsai C.-Y. , Ye R.-J. , Yu K.-T.
Published: September 2016

EVA foams, like all other polymers, also exhibit strain-rate effects and hysteresis. However, currently available approaches for predicting the mechanical response of polymeric foam subjected to an arbitrarily imposed loading history and strain-rate effect are highly limited. Especially, the strain rates in the intermediate rate domain (between 100and 102s–1) are extremely difficult to study. The use of data generated through the drop tower technique for implementation in constitutive equations or numerical models has not been considered in past studies. In this study, an experiment including a quasi-static compression test and drop impact tests with a high speed camera was conducted. An inverse analysis technique combined with a finite element model for material parameter identification was developed to determine the stress–strain behavior of foam at different specific strain rates. It was used in this study to simulate multiple loading and unloading cycles on foam specimens, and the results were compared with experimental measurements.
Effects of anthelmintic treatment on ewe feed intake, digestion, milk production and lamb growth
Authors: ZHONG R. Z. , CHENG L. , WANG Y. Q. , SUN X. Z. , LUO D. W. , FANG Y. , BUSH R. D. , ZHOU D. W.
Published: September 2016

Twenty Small Tailed Han (STH) and 20 Ujumqin (UJU) ewes naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes were randomly assigned to one of four treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design, receiving anthelmintic treatment (AT) or non-anthelmintic treatment (NonAT) prior to lambing. After lambing, the effects of AT on feed intake, digestion and milk yield in ewes, and the growth rates of lambs fed their mother's milk were assessed for 28 days. Faecal samples were collected to determine faecal egg counts (FECs), milk was collected to measure milk yield and ewes and lambs were weighed to quantify daily body weight change. The results showed that AT significantly increased ewe dry matter intake (2411 g/d for AT and 2209 g/d for NonAT) and decreased FECs (50 eggs/g for AT and 2655 eggs/g for NonAT). All ewes lost weight after lambing, but body weight loss in the AT (43 g/d) was significantly less than in NonAT (84 g/d), and STH ewes (70 g/d) lost more weight than UJU ewes (58 g/d). Anthelmintic-treated ewes produced more milk for their lambs to consume. However, the extent of these positive effects of AT differed between STH and UJU ewes. The average daily body weight gain of lambs in AT was higher than those in NonAT. In conclusion, effective AT in ewes before lambing benefits subsequent lactation in ewes and growth rate in lambs.
The effect of sodium nitroprusside on psychotic symptoms and spatial working memory in patients with schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Stone J. M. , Morrison P. D. , Koychev I. , Gao F. , Reilly T. J. , Kolanko M. , Mohammadinasab A. , Kapur S. , McGuire P. K.
Published: September 2016

Background

Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) has been reported to rapidly reduce psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. This has the potential to revolutionize treatment for schizophrenia. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that SNP leads to a reduction in psychotic symptoms and an improvement in spatial working memory (SWM) performance in patients with schizophrenia.

Method

This was a single-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial performed from 27 August 2014 to 10 February 2016 (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02176044). Twenty patients with schizophrenia aged 18–60 years with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were recruited from psychiatric outpatient clinics in the South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK. Baseline symptoms were measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the 18-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-18), and SWM was assessed using the CANTAB computerized test. Participants received either an infusion of SNP (0.5 μg/kg per min for 4 h) or placebo and were re-assessed for symptoms and SWM performance immediately after the infusion, and 4 weeks later.

Results

SNP did not lead to any reduction in psychotic symptoms or improvement in SWM performance compared to placebo.

Conclusions

Although this study was negative, it is possible that the beneficial effects of SNP may occur in patients with a shorter history of illness, or with more acute exacerbation of symptoms.
THE BENEFICIAL ROLE OF L1 SPOKEN LANGUAGE SKILLS ON INITIAL L2 SIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING
Authors: Williams Joshua T. , Darcy Isabelle , Newman Sharlene D.
Published: September 2016

Understanding how language modality (i.e., signed vs. spoken) affects second language outcomes in hearing adults is important both theoretically and pedagogically, as it can determine the specificity of second language (L2) theory and inform how best to teach a language that uses a new modality. The present study investigated which cognitive-linguistic skills predict successful L2 sign language acquisition. A group (n= 25) of adult hearing L2 learners of American Sign Language underwent a cognitive-linguistic test battery before and after one semester of sign language instruction. A number of cognitive-linguistic measures of verbal memory, phonetic categorization skills, and vocabulary knowledge were examined to determine whether they predicted proficiency in a multiple linear regression analysis. Results indicated that English vocabulary knowledge and phonetic categorization skills predicted both vocabulary growth and self-rated proficiency at the end of one semester of instruction. Memory skills did not significantly predict either proficiency measures. These results highlight how linguistic skills in the first language (L1) directly predict L2 learning outcomes regardless of differences in L1 and L2 language modalities.
Gradual type-and-effect systems
Authors: BAÑADOS SCHWERTER FELIPE , GARCIA RONALD , TANTER ÉRIC
Published: September 2016

Effect systems have the potential to help software developers, but their practical adoption has been very limited. We conjecture that this limited adoption is due in part to the difficulty of transitioning from a system where effects are implicit and unrestricted to a system with a static effect discipline, which must settle for conservative checking in order to be decidable. To address this hindrance, we develop a theory of gradual effect checking, which makes it possible to incrementally annotate and statically check effects, while still rejecting statically inconsistent programs. We extend the generic type-and-effect framework of Marino and Millstein with a notion of unknown effects, which turns out to be significantly more subtle than unknown types in traditional gradual typing. We appeal to abstract interpretation to develop and validate the concepts of gradual effect checking. We also demonstrate how an effect system formulated in the framework of Marino and Millstein can be automatically extended to support gradual checking. We use gradual effect checking to develop a fully gradual type-and-effect framework, which permits interaction between static and dynamic checking for both effects and types.
A REINSTATEMENT, RECIRCUMSCRIPTION AND REVISION OF THE GENUS DONELLA (SAPOTACEAE)
Authors: Mackinder B. , Harris D. J. , Gautier L.
Published: September 2016

The genus Donella Pierre ex Baill. is here reinstated and Austrogambeya Aubrév. is, for the first time, placed in synonymy based on the findings of recent combined molecular and morphological studies. Seventeen species are recognised, two of which, Donella ranirisonii L.Gaut. & Mackinder and D. humbertii Capuron ex Mackinder & L.Gaut., from Madagascar, are described here for the first time. The flowers of Donella ambrensis and D. delphinensis are described here for the first time, as are the fruits of D. guereliana. Two keys, to the species of Madagascar and tropical Africa, respectively, are presented. Ten species are endemic to Madagascar, six species are endemic to tropical Africa and one, Donella lanceolata, occurs from Madagascar to the Solomon Islands. For each species, the accepted name with synonymy is given, followed by a morphological description. Geographical range and details of habitat are provided, with taxonomic and/or nomenclatural notes as appropriate. Distribution maps are presented for all species, and preliminary conservation assessments are made. Five species qualify for a category of Threat, and three further species are assessed as Near Threatened. An index to species and a list of exsiccatae are included.
Rwanda’s Model Prehospital Emergency Care Service: A Two-year Review of Patient Demographics and Injury Patterns in Kigali
Authors: Enumah Samuel , Scott John W. , Maine Rebecca , Uwitonze Eric , D’Arc Nyinawankusi Jeanne , Riviello Robert , Byiringiro Jean Claude , Kabagema Ignace , Jayaraman Sudha
Published: September 2016

Introduction

Injury is responsible for nearly five million annual deaths worldwide, and nearly 90% of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Reliable clinical data detailing the epidemiology of injury are necessary for improved care delivery, but they are lacking in these regions.

Methods

A retrospective review of the Service d’Aide Medicale Urgente (SAMU; Kigali, Rwanda) prehospital database for patients with traumatic injury-related conditions from December 2012 through November 2014 was conducted. Chi-squared analysis, binomial probability test, and student’s t-test were used, where appropriate, to describe patient demographics, injury patterns, and temporal and geographic trends of injuries.

Results

In the two-year period, 3,357 patients were managed by SAMU for traumatic injuries. Males were 76.5% of the study population, and the median age of all injured patients was 29 years (IQR=23-35). The most common causes of injury were road traffic crashes (RTCs; 73.4%), stabbings/cuts (11.1%), and falls (9.4%), and the most common anatomic regions injured were the head (55.7%), lower (45.0%) extremities, and upper (27.0%) extremities. Almost one-fourth of injured patients suffered a fracture (24.9%). The most common mechanism of injury for adults was motorcycle-related RTCs (61.4%), whereas children were more commonly injured as pedestrians (59.8%). Centrally located sectors within Kigali represented common areas for RTCs.

Conclusions

These data support the call for focused injury prevention strategies, some of which already are underway in Rwanda. Further research on care processes and clinical outcomes for injured patients may help identify avenues for improved care delivery.

EnumahS,ScottJW,MaineR,UwitonzeE,NyinawankusiJD,RivielloR,ByiringiroJC,KabagemaI,JayaramanS.Rwanda’s model prehospital emergency care service: a two-year review of patient demographics and injury patterns in Kigali.Prehosp Disaster Med.2016;31(6):614–620.
Development and Implementation of a Novel Prehospital Care System in the State of Kerala, India
Authors: Brown Heather A. , Douglass Katherine A. , Ejas Shafi , Poovathumparambil Venugopalan
Published: September 2016

Most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have struggled to find a system for prehospital care that can provide adequate patient care and geographical coverage while maintaining a feasible price tag. The emergency medical systems of the Western world are not necessarily relevant in developing economic systems, given the lack of strict legislation, the scarcity of resources, and the limited number of trained personnel. Meanwhile, most efforts to provide prehospital care in India have taken the form of adapting Western models to the Indian context with limited success. Described here is a novel approach to prehospital care designed for and implemented in the State of Kerala, India. The Active Network Group of Emergency Life Savers (ANGELS) was launched in 2011 in Calicut City, the third largest city in the Indian State of Kerala. The ANGELS integrated an existing fleet of private and state-owned ambulances into a single network utilizing Global Positioning System (GPS) technology and a single statewide call number. A total of 85 volunteer emergency medical certified technicians (EMCTs) were trained in basic first aid and trauma care principles. Public awareness campaigns accompanied all activities to raise awareness amongst community members. Funding was provided via public-private partnership, aimed to minimize costs to patients for service utilization. Over a two-year period from March 2011 to April 2013, 8,336 calls were recorded, of which 54.8% (4,569) were converted into actual ambulance run sheets. The majority of calls were for medical emergencies and most patients were transported to Medical College Hospital in Calicut. This unique public-private partnership has been responsive to the needs of the population while sustaining low operational costs. This system may provide a relevant template for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) development in other resource-limited settings.

BrownHA, DouglassKA, EjasS, PoovathumparambilV. Development and implementation of a novel prehospital care system in the State of Kerala, India. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(6):663–666.
THE LAST PROGRESSIVE HISTORIAN: WARREN SUSMAN AND AMERICAN CULTURAL HISTORY
Authors: MURPHY PAUL V.
Published: September 2016

Colleagues hailed the Rutgers University historian Warren Susman as a pioneer in the field of cultural history and popular culture when he died in 1985 at the age of fifty-eight. Although well known, Susman had published just a handful of essays, a collection of which was published only the year before his death. Despite his reputation, this work was not widely reviewed and when it was, not uniformly positively. This essay explores the disjunction between his work and his reputation and, through an analysis of archival sources, including Susman's newly available personal papers, argues that Susman's importance lies less in his contributions to the field of cultural history than in his understanding of the relationship between historical work and the critical intellectual heritage of progressivism. The essay traces Susman's early professional career and historical work, including his unpublished doctoral study of expatriate intellectuals and his critical engagement with the legacy of the Progressive historians, and his mid-career efforts to join with other left scholars in establishing a new socialist party. Susman's career allows for the analysis and better understanding of the progressive tradition in historical scholarship, the changes in intellectual and cultural history in the 1960s, and the way historians have understood their role in social reform.