bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiscale landscape genetics of American marten at their southern range periphery
Authors: Aylward Cody M. , Murdoch James D. , Kilpatrick C. William
Published: January 2020

American marten (Martes americana) are a conservation priority in many forested regions of North America. Populations are fragmented at the southern edge of their distribution due to suboptimal habitat conditions. Facilitating gene flow may improve population resilience through genetic and demographic rescue. We used a multiscale approach to estimate the relationship between genetic connectivity and landscape characteristics among individuals at three scales in the northeastern United States: regional, subregional, and local. We integrated multiple modeling techniques and identified top models based on consensus. Top models were used to parameterize resistance surfaces at each scale, and circuit theory was used to identify potential movement corridors. Regional gene flow was affected by forest cover, elevation, developed land cover, and slope. At subregional and local scales, the effects were site specific and included subsets of temperature, elevation, developed land cover, and slope. Developed land cover significantly affected gene flow at each scale. At finer scales, lack of variance in forest cover may have limited the ability to detect a relationship with gene flow. The effect of slope on gene flow was positive or negative, depending on the site examined. Occupancy probability was a relatively poor predictor, and we caution its use as a proxy for landscape resistance. Our results underscore the importance of replication and multiscale approaches in landscape genetics. Climate warming and landscape conversion may reduce the genetic connectivity of marten populations in the northeastern United States, and represent the primary challenges to marten conservation at the southern periphery of their range.
Efficient symmetry-preserving state preparation circuits for the variational quantum eigensolver algorithm
Authors: Gard Bryan T. , Zhu Linghua , Barron George S. , Mayhall Nicholas J. , Economou Sophia E. , Barnes Edwin
Published: January 2020

The variational quantum eigensolver is one of the most promising approaches for performing chemistry simulations using noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors. The efficiency of this algorithm depends crucially on the ability to prepare multi-qubit trial states on the quantum processor that either include, or at least closely approximate, the actual energy eigenstates of the problem being simulated while avoiding states that have little overlap with them. Symmetries play a central role in determining the best trial states. Here, we present efficient state preparation circuits that respect particle number, total spin, spin projection, and time-reversal symmetries. These circuits contain the minimal number of variational parameters needed to fully span the appropriate symmetry subspace dictated by the chemistry problem while avoiding all irrelevant sectors of Hilbert space. We show how to construct these circuits for arbitrary numbers of orbitals, electrons, and spin quantum numbers, and we provide explicit decompositions and gate counts in terms of standard gate sets in each case. We test our circuits in quantum simulations of the $${H}_{2}$$

H

2

and $$LiH$$

L
i
H

molecules and find that they outperform standard state preparation methods in terms of both accuracy and circuit depth.
Estradiol/GPER affects the integrity of mammary duct-like structures in vitro
Authors: Deng Yu , Miki Yoshio , Nakanishi Akira
Published: January 2020

High estrogen concentration leads to an inflammatory reaction in the mammary gland tissuein vivo; however, the detailed mechanism underlying its specific effects on the breast duct has not been fully clarified. We used 3D-cultured MCF-10A acini as a breast duct model and demonstrated various deleterious effects of 17-β estradiol (E2), including the destruction of the basement membrane surrounding the acini, abnormal adhesion between cells, and cell deathviaapoptosis and pyroptosis. Moreover, we clarified the mechanism underlying these phenomena: E2 binds to GPER in MCF-10A cells and stimulates matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretionviaJNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. IL-1β activates the IL-1R1 signaling pathway and induces continuous MMP-3 and IL-1β secretion. Collectively, our novel findings reveal an important molecular mechanism underlying the effects of E2 on the integrity of duct-like structuresin vitro. Thus, E2 may act as a trigger for ductal carcinoma transitionin situ.
AMPA receptor deletion in developing MGE-derived hippocampal interneurons causes a redistribution of excitatory synapses and attenuates postnatal network oscillatory activity
Authors: Akgül Gülcan , McBain Chris J.
Published: January 2020

Inhibitory interneurons derived from the medial ganglionic eminence represent the largest cohort of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus. In the CA1 hippocampus excitatory synapses onto these cells comprise GluA2-lacking, calcium-permeable AMPARs. Although synaptic transmission is not established until early in their postnatal life, AMPARs are expressed early in development, however their role is enigmatic. Using the Nkx2.1-cre mouse line we genetically deleted GluA1, GluA2, GluA3 selectively from MGE derived interneurons early in development. We observed that the number of MGE-derived interneurons was preserved in mature hippocampus despite early elimination of AMPARs, which resulted in >90% decrease in spontaneous excitatory synaptic activity. Of particular interest, excitatory synaptic sites were shifted from dendritic to somatic locations while maintaining a normal NMDAR content. The developmental switch of NMDARs from GluN2B-containing early in development to GluN2A-containing on maturation was similarly unperturbed despite the loss of AMPARs. Early network giant depolarizing potential oscillatory activity was compromised in early postnatal days as was both feedforward and feedback inhibition onto pyramidal neurons underscoring the importance of glutamatergic drive onto MGE-derived interneurons for hippocampal circuit function.
Publisher Correction: A Computational Method to Quantify the Effects of Slipped Strand Mispairing on Bacterial Tetranucleotide Repeats
Authors: Harhay Gregory P. , Harhay Dayna M. , Bono James L. , Capik Sarah F. , DeDonder Keith D. , Apley Michael D. , Lubbers Brian V. , White Bradley J. , Larson Robert L. , Smith Timothy P. L.
Published: January 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Structural insights into ATP hydrolysis by the MoxR ATPase RavA and the LdcI-RavA cage-like complex
Authors: Jessop Matthew , Arragain Benoit , Miras Roger , Fraudeau Angélique , Huard Karine , Bacia-Verloop Maria , Catty Patrice , Felix Jan , Malet Hélène , Gutsche Irina
Published: January 2020

The hexameric MoxR AAA+ ATPase RavA and the decameric lysine decarboxylase LdcI form a 3.3 MDa cage, proposed to assist assembly of specific respiratory complexes in E. coli. Here, we show that inside the LdcI-RavA cage, RavA hexamers adopt an asymmetric spiral conformation in which the nucleotide-free seam is constrained to two opposite orientations. Cryo-EM reconstructions of free RavA reveal two co-existing structural states: an asymmetric spiral, and a flat C2-symmetric closed ring characterised by two nucleotide-free seams. The closed ring RavA state bears close structural similarity to the pseudo two-fold symmetric crystal structure of the AAA+ unfoldase ClpX, suggesting a common ATPase mechanism. Based on these structures, and in light of the current knowledge regarding AAA+ ATPases, we propose different scenarios for the ATP hydrolysis cycle of free RavA and the LdcI-RavA cage-like complex, and extend the comparison to other AAA+ ATPases of clade 7.
Biotinylated photoactive Pt(iv) anticancer complexes
Authors: Shi Huayun , Imberti Cinzia , Huang Huaiyi , Hands-Portman Ian , Sadler Peter J.
Published: January 2020

Novel biotinylated diazido-Pt(iv) complexes exhibit high visible light photocytotoxicity while being stable in the dark.
Observation of peroxynitrite overproduction in cells during 5-fluorouracil treatmentviaa ratiometric fluorescent probe
Authors: Hou Ji-Ting , Wang Bingya , Zhang Yongru , Cui Beibei , Cao Xinhua , Zhang Man , Ye Yong , Wang Shan
Published: January 2020

A ratiometric fluorescent probe was described for imaging the production of peroxynitrite in cells stimulated by 5-FU.
Chemical biology of non-canonical structures of nucleic acids for therapeutic applications
Authors: Tateishi-Karimata Hisae , Sugimoto Naoki
Published: January 2020

Non-canonical structures of nucleic acids inhibit or dysregulate biological reactions related to diseases. To control the reactions, methods for inducing the non-canonical structures have been developed using small molecules and oligonucleotides.
Asymmetric dearomatization of 2-nitrobenzofurans by organocatalyzed one-step Michael addition to access 3,3′-disubstituted oxindoles
Authors: Ge Zhen-Zhen , Yang Lei , You Yong , Wang Zhen-Hua , Xie Ke-Xin , Zhou Ming-Qiang , Zhao Jian-Qiang , Yuan Wei-Cheng
Published: January 2020

An efficient enantioselective dearomatization of 2-nitrobenzofurans was realized by organocatalyzed one-step Michael addition to access structurally diverse 3,3′-disubstituted oxindoles.
Ag18(μ8-S)(p-TBBT)16(PPh3)8: symmetry breaking induced by the core to generate chirality
Authors: Tian Fan , Chen Rong
Published: January 2020

A novel chiral Ag18(μ8-S)(p-TBBT)16(PPh3)8 nanocluster with a meso-shell (Ag10S16P8 motif) and a crown-like core (SAg8 motif) is reported.
Facile synthesis, structure, and tunable luminescence properties of novel one-dimensional Bi4Si3O12 fibers
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Pan , Lv Shufang , Lu Yaxian , Li Xiao , Zhang Cuimiao , Jia Guang
Published: January 2020

A series of novel one-dimensional Bi4Si3O12 fibers with tunable luminescence have been synthesized via the electrospinning method for the first time.
A dual-functional metal phosphate for high proton conduction and selective luminescence turn-on sensing of Co2+ ions
Authors: Zhou Shu-Fang , Wu Guo-Mei , Lin Tian , Zhang Chen-Xi , Wang Qing-Lun
Published: January 2020

The {[Zn(H2PIPZ)](H2O)}n (compound 1) detects Co2+ ions with turn on fluorescent and proton conductivity of composite membrane 1@PVA10 is ten times higher than compound 1 at 98% RH and 353 K.
Computational design of p-(dimethylamino)benzylidene-derived push–pull polyenes with high first-hyperpolarizabilities
Authors: Liu Yidan , Yuan Yizhong , Tian Xiaohui , Yuan Jianyong , Sun Jinyu
Published: January 2020

High first-hyperpolarizabilities of p-(dimethylamino)benzylidene-based D–π–A NLO-phores: multiple theoretical investigations on the substituents and the conjugated bridge effect.
Active learning-based framework for optimal reaction mechanism selection from microkinetic modeling: a case study of electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction on carbon nanotubes
Authors: Kurilovich Aleksandr A. , Alexander Caleb T. , Pazhetnov Egor M. , Stevenson Keith J.
Published: January 2020

Our quantitative framework demonstrates that model parameters uncertainty treatment is crucial to select an optimal model for available experimental data.
Metal self-assembly mimosine peptides with enhanced antimicrobial activity: towards a new generation of multitasking chelating agents
Authors: Lachowicz Joanna Izabela , Dalla Torre Gabriele , Cappai Rosita , Randaccio Enrico , Nurchi Valeria M. , Bachor Remigiusz , Szewczuk Zbigniew , Jaremko Lukasz , Jaremko Mariusz , Pisano Maria Barbara , Cosentino Sofia , Orrù Germano , Ibba Antonella , Mujika Joni , Lopez Xabier
Published: January 2020

Mimosine is a non-protein amino acid that can be used as a building block in peptides with metal coordination ability.
Computational design of graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Hartley Gareth O. , Martsinovich Natalia
Published: January 2020

We investigated the electronic structures of novel graphitic carbon nitride-based materials by replacing the nitrogen linker with heteroatoms or aromatic groups.
Development and characterization of functionalized glyco thiolate capped gold nanoparticles for biological applications
Authors: Adokoh Christian K. , Keter Frankline K. , Kinfe Henok H. , Tshikhudo Robert , Darkwa James
Published: January 2020

Glyco-gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in aqueous dispersions were prepared by two approaches, namely direct reduction and ligand substitution methods.
Tricyclic tin(iv) cages: synthetic aspects and intriguing features of stannatranes and pseudostannatranes
Authors: Srivastav Neha , Kumar Keshav , Singh Raghubir , Kaur Varinder
Published: January 2020

This perspective summarizes various synthetic routes of stannatranes and pseudostannatranes along with their interesting features, such as appearance of satellites in their NMR spectra, cluster formation upon hydrolysis and exchange reactions.
Polyaromatic hydrocarbon derivatized azo-oximes of cobalt(iii) for the ligand-redox controlled electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Dinda Soumitra , Roy Syamantak , Patra Sarat Chandra , Bhandary Subhrajyoti , Pramanik Kausikisankar , Ganguly Sanjib
Published: January 2020

Two new polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) derivatized cobalt(iii) azo-oxime complexes were synthesized and their activity in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) were explored.
HDEHP assisted solvothermal synthesis of monodispersed REPO4 (RE = La–Lu, Y) nanocrystals and their photoluminescence properties
Authors: Yang Zhen , Yuan Guangzhen , Duan Xiannan , Liang Shuai , Sun Guoxin
Published: January 2020

In this paper, a novel method is reported for the preparation of spherical REPO4 particles.
Pteridine derivatives: novel low-molecular-weight organogelators and their piezofluorochromism
Authors: Xu Shenzheng , Jia Xiaoyu , Lu Jiaxin , Zheng Lianyou , Lv Kuo , Shu Yuanhong , Sun Jingbo
Published: January 2020

Here, π-conjugated compounds based on pteridine derivatives were synthesized and their self-assembling behaviors in a variety of organic solvents and piezofluorochromism were studied.
Lewis acid induced spectral changes of sterically hindered and unhinderedmeso-tetra(aryl)porphyrins: fluorescence emission spectra
Authors: Mojarrad Aida G. , Zakavi Saeed
Published: January 2020

Fluorescence spectra of a series of electron-rich and electron-deficientmeso-tetra(aryl)porphyrins and their molecular complexes with DDQ, TCNE and BF3were investigated and compared. In spite of the great resemblance between the absorption spectra of the molecular complexes, large differences were observed between their emission spectra.
Macrosurfactant-mediated, aminopolycarboxy-acid-decorated open-cellular adsorbent for removing metal micropollutants from water
Authors: Weng Shiqi , Jin Ming , Wan Decheng
Published: January 2020

An open-cellular macroporous monolith with its pore surfaces decorated with aminopolycarboxy acids can be prepared in one pot and used to eliminate trace heavy metal ions in water.
An oriented laterally-growing NiCo2O4 nanowire array on a Fe2O3 microdisc as a high-capacity and excellent rate-performance secondary battery anode
Authors: Liu Jinyun , Ding Yingyi , Han Tianli , Long Jiawei , Pei Xiaodong , Luo Yanhua , Bao Weidong , Lin Xirong , Zhang Haikuo
Published: January 2020

A novel composite consisting of an ordered nanowire array growing on the lateral side of a microdisc is presented.
Thioether complexes of WSCl4, WOCl4 and WSCl3 and evaluation of thiochloride complexes as CVD precursors for WS2 thin films
Authors: Smith Danielle E. , Greenacre Victoria K. , Hector Andrew L. , Huang Ruomeng , Levason William , Reid Gillian , Robinson Fred , Thomas Shibin
Published: January 2020

Thioether complexes of WECl4 and WECl3 (E = S, O) are prepared and characterised; the dinuclear [(WSCl4)2{iPrS(CH2)2SiPr}] is shown to be an effective single source precursor for low pressure CVD of WS2 thin films.
Further correction: Understanding cation effects in electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Ringe Stefan , Clark Ezra L. , Resasco Joaquin , Walton Amber , Seger Brian , Bell Alexis T. , Chan Karen
Published: January 2020

Further correction for ‘Understanding cation effects in electrochemical CO2 reduction’ by Stefan Ringe et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2019, 12, 3001–3014.
Early prediction of extubation failure in patients with severe pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yu He , Luo Jian , Ni Yuenan , Hu Yuehong , Liu Dan , Wang Maoyun , Liang Binmiao , Liang Zongan
Published: January 2020

Backgroud: Severe pneumonia is one of the most common causes for mechanical ventilation. We aimed to early identify severe pneumonia patients with high risk of extubation failure in order to improve prognosis.

Methods: From April 2014 to December 2015, medical records of intubated patients with severe pneumonia in intensive care unit were retrieved from database. Patients were divided into extubation success and failure groups, and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify independent predictors for extubation failure.

Results: A total of 125 eligible patients were included, of which 82 and 43 patients had extubation success and failure, respectively. APACHE II score (odds ratio (OR) 1.141, 95% confident interval (CI) 1.022–1.273, P = 0.019, cutoff at 17.5), blood glucose (OR 1.122, 95%CI 1.008–1.249, P = 0.035, cutoff at 9.87 mmol/l), dose of fentanyl (OR 3.010, 95%CI 1.100–8.237, P = 0.032, cutoff at 1.135 mg/d), and the need for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion (OR 2.774, 95%CI 1.062–7.252, P = 0.037) were independent risk factors for extubation failure.

Conclusion: In patients with severe pneumonia, APACHE II score > 17.5, blood glucose > 9.87 mmol/l, fentanyl usage > 1.135 mg/d, and the need for RBC transfusion might be associated with higher risk of extubation failure.
Carcinogenesis effects of E2F transcription factor 8 (E2F8) in hepatocellular carcinoma outcomes: an integrated bioinformatic report
Authors: Lü Ying , Zhang Jing , Li Lei , Li Shun , Yang Zongguo
Published: January 2020

This report aimed to investigate the carcinogenesis effects of E2F transcription factor 8 (E2F8) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). E2F8 expression level was compared in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Oncomine. Survival analysis of E2F8 for HCC were conducted in Kaplan–Meier plotter. Correlations of E2F8 and clinico-pathological features were performed in TCGA. Enrichment of interacted and similar genes with E2F8 was evaluated in Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Metascape. We found that E2F8 was significantly up-regulated in tumor tissues compared with nontumor tissues (all P < 0.01). Moreover, E2F8 was significantly overexpressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) in HCC patients than that in healthy individuals (P < 0.001). Meta-analysis in Oncomine database confirmed that E2F8 was significantly higher in HCC tumors (P = 4.28E-08). Additionally, E2F8 elevation significantly correlated with overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in HCC patients (all P < 0.01). E2F8 level was significantly higher in HCC patients with advanced neoplasm histologic grade, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage and α-fetoprotein (AFP) elevation (all P < 0.05). Cox regression model demonstrated that high E2F8 was an independent risk factor for OS and DFS in HCC patients (HR = 2.16, P = 0.003 and HR = 1.64, P = 0.002, respectively). Enrichment analysis revealed that genes interacted/similar with E2F8 were mainly enriched in cell cycle pathways/biological process. Conclusively, up-regulated in tumors, E2F8 might accelerate tumor progression and result in unfavorable outcomes in HCC patients.
Effect of system dynamics in multi‐channel 850 nm VCSEL‐based radio‐over‐G.652 fibre
Authors: Nanni J. , Fernandez L. , Hadi M.U. , Viana C. , Tegegne Z.G. , Polleux J.‐L. , Tartarini G.
Published: January 2020

To decrease cost and consumption of future wireless infrastructures, radio‐over fibre systems utilising 850 nm vertical cavity surface emitting lasers and standard single‐mode fibre (SSMF) are deserving particular attention in replacing the typical use of graded‐index multimode fibre (GI‐MMF). In the present work, a characterisation of noise and non‐linearities of these links is performed, followed by an estimation of their impact on the system dynamics and the quality of the received signal. This allows to show that very good and similar performances can be obtained through the utilisation of SSMF and GI‐MMF for the transmission of five long‐term evolution channels with 20 MHz bandwidth, confirming that the former, by the higher diffusion and lower cost per metre of the SSMF, can be put among the leading candidates for the realisation of fourth‐generation (4G) and 5G wireless networks.
Fourth‐order Jameson–Schmidt–Turkel FDTD scheme for non‐magnetised cold plasma
Authors: Prokopidis K.P. , Zografopoulos D. C.
Published: January 2020

A fourth‐order finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) scheme is proposed for the solution of Maxwell's equations in cold plasma (Drude medium), based on the multistage method of Jameson, Schmidt and Turkel, which was originally introduced in the framework of fluid dynamics. First, the system of governing differential equations is formed as a general first‐order, operator‐based approach, and then a four‐stage algorithm is established. The accuracy of the method is verified in benchmark problems compared with analytical solutions and with the conventional second‐order FDTD algorithm.
Improved subspace‐based method for 2D DOA estimation with L‐shaped array
Authors: Liu Mengyi , Cao Hui , Wu Yuntao
Published: January 2020

An improved subspace‐based method for 2D direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of an L‐shaped array is proposed in this Letter. Based on real‐valued singular value decomposition (SVD), the signal subspaces corresponding to the 2D DOA are obtained from the left and right singular vectors, respectively. Then, the weighted least squares method is utilised to estimate the DOAs from the reconstructed complex‐valued signal subspaces, which are automatically paired. Owing to the real‐valued SVD, the complexity of the proposed algorithm is reduced and numerical results confirm the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed approach.
Average rate performance in the presence of correlated interferers
Authors: Saluja Deepak , Kumar Suman
Published: January 2020

In this work, the authors have analysed the impact of correlation among interferers, and between signal and interferers. In particular, the impact of correlation on average rate performance in an interference‐limited scenario has been studied. The user's desired channel link and interfering channel links are assumed to experience Nakagami‐m fading. Under this assumption, they compared the average rate for the following cases: (a) interferers are independent and the user's signal‐and‐interferers are also independent, (b) interferers are correlated and the user's signal‐and‐interferers are independent, and (c) interferers are correlated and the user's signal and‐interferers are also correlated. It has been analytically shown that the average rate in case (b) is higher than the average rate in case (a) when the interferers are positively correlated. In other words, the positive correlation among the interferers increases the average rate. Furthermore, the average rate in case (c) is lower than the average rate in case (b). In other words, the positive correlation between the signal and interferers decreases the average rate. Moreover, the average rate in case (c) can be lower or higher than the average rate in case (a), depending upon the amount of correlation. Simulation results have been shown to support analytical observations.
Detection of transformer winding faults using FRA and image features
Authors: Zhou Lijun , Jiang Junfei , Zhou Xiangyu , Wu Zhenyu , Lin Tong , Wang Dongyang
Published: January 2020

Frequency response analysis (FRA) is a widely used approach for detecting winding faults in a transformer. Appropriate and quantitative FRA features will help to improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis. In this study, a novel FRA interpretation including new image features is proposed based on the image processing technique. First, winding faults of different windings are simulated in a test autotransformer and the FRA curves are measured under various faults. Then frequency region division method and image processing technique are first applied to the measured FRA curves. The area ratio and centroid deviation in different frequency regions are calculated through a novel algorithm. Finally, the image features are used as the inputs to support vector machine model. Additionally, three different parametric optimisation algorithm are compared during the training process. The results show that the particle swarm optimisation and image feature exhibit best performance for identifying winding faults.
Regularised primal–dual interior‐point method for dynamic optimal power flow with block‐angular structures
Authors: Zhang Chen , Jian Jinbao , Yang Linfeng
Published: January 2020

To implement privacy protection and high‐efficiency distributed computing of the large‐scale dynamic optimal power flow (DOPF) of the multi‐area interconnected power system, the regularised term (RT) and primal–dual interior‐point method (PDIPM), denoted by R‐PDIPM, is proposed to distribute and parallel such DOPF solutions. First, the DOPF is transformed into a prime block‐angular problem through the replication of the coupling node variables, and the multi‐area decoupling of the power grid is realised. However, it is easier to develop a singular (ill‐conditioned) block matrix of Newton's system under the distributed computing of PDIPM. Second, though introducing the RT into the Lagrangian function of PDIPM based on regular technology, the matrix of Newton's system becomes quasi‐definite and strongly factorisable. The robustness of distributed computing of PDIPM is enhanced, and the convergence speed is also improved. Case studies on the 3012 and 3074 node systems over 2–4 time intervals are presented. The results show that the R‐PDIPM is more robust in efficiently solving the problem than PDIPM in distributed computing, which is suited for distributed calculation of DOPF in a large‐scale multi‐area power system.
ADP‐based decentralised algorithm for the optimal energy flow of the electricity–natural gas system
Authors: Zhu Jianquan , Guo Ye , Mo Xiemin , Xia Yunrui , Chen Jiajun , Liu Mingbo
Published: January 2020

This study proposes a decentralised methodology to deal with the optimal energy flow (OEF) problem of the electricity–natural gas system (EGS). The OEF problem of EGS is formulated as a multi‐stage dynamic programming (DP) process, and the approximate DP algorithm is used to decompose it into subproblems. The independent decision of each subproblem can be made by solving Bellman's equation, requiring just a moderate interchange of information among different subproblems. Such that the information privacy and dispatch independency of subsystems (including electricity and natural gas (NG) subsystems) can be ensured. Different from most existing decentralised algorithms, the impact of one subproblem's decision on other subproblems can be estimated in the proposed algorithm, and the parameters of the proposed algorithm are not required for tuning, which makes more sense in real applications. Furthermore, an improved linear cut technique is proposed to handle the non‐convexity of the NG network model, so that the tightness of all gas flow constraints can be ensured. Case studies containing small, large and complicated EGSs validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Parametric localisation in frequency diverse array
Authors: Mahata Kaushik , Hyder Md Mashud
Published: January 2020

The authors present a non‐traditional, parametric method for velocity, angle, and range estimation in a frequency diverse array radar. Unlike the traditional beamforming techniques, the proposed scheme transmits an omni‐directional sinusoid regardless of the target locations. They propose a simple sampling strategy, which eliminates the need for employing a bank of bandpass filters at the receiver. Under the proposed sampling scheme the received data follows a convenient low rank model. They exploit this model to design a fast and accurate parametric estimation algorithm. Their velocity and range estimation steps employ known spectral analysis techniques. For angle estimation, they propose a new grid‐less sparse recovery algorithm. The resulting methods are applicable to any arbitrary array geometry. Furthermore, they propose an efficient method to mitigate jamming. They also provide necessary guidelines to avoid ambiguity and achieve the desired resolution performance. The Cramér–Rao lower bound for the estimation problem is derived. The utility of the proposed method is demonstrated via numerical simulation results.
Applied singular value decomposition method in transfer alignment and bias calibration
Authors: Lu Jiazhen , Ye Lili , Dong Jong
Published: January 2020

The transfer alignment accuracy between the master inertial navigation system (MINS), the slave inertial navigation system (SINS) and the online calibration capability of SINS are the important factors that affect the system performance. The traditional Kalman filtering‐based transfer alignment method greatly depends on the prior information. The alignment and calibration based on optimisation‐based alignment are preliminarily achieved without the prior information, but many deductions are required to achieve an optimal solution. In this study, a novel method aimed at transfer alignment and bias calibration is proposed, which is based on singular value decomposition by the inertial measurement vector matching equation to construct the least‐squares solution. The performance of the system is analysed from the transfer alignment accuracy and the inertial instrument error estimation, respectively. The simulation and flight experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method is concise and effective without complex deduction and calculation. The relative attitude angle between MINS and SINS can be estimated accurately as well as the bias of SINS.
Convolutional neural network applied to specific emitter identification based on pulse waveform images
Authors: Wang Xuebao , Huang Gaoming , Ma Congshan , Tian Wei , Gao Jun
Published: January 2020

To deal with problems of uncertain modulations and multiple pulse widths in pulse waveforms (PWs) during the identifying procedure, a novel specific emitter identification (SEI) method based on PW images (PWIs) and convolutional neural network is proposed. In the method, a more accurate signal model is built with considering the rising, steady and falling part of the whole PW based on actual radar pulse signals. PWI achieves transforming time‐domain waveforms to 2D binary images as an SEI analysis feature. To match the PWI feature, a convolutional neural network with the small convolutional kernel is designed to extract the subtle features and finish the supervised training. By tuning the parameters of the convolutional neural network, it completes a balance of consuming time and identifying accuracy. Simulations and experiments indicate that the proposed method outperforms the existed methods on identifying radar individuals with uncertain modulations and multiple pulse widths in the intercepted pulse signals.
Stereovision‐based initial pose estimation relative to non‐cooperative space target
Authors: Zhu Chengguang , Zhao Jiankang , Wang Hongyu , Long Haihui , Xia Xuan
Published: January 2020

Initial relative parameters are of great importance as inputs of the subsequent filter process based on the stereovision system. The relative dynamic model is approximated to estimate the initial relative state. Firstly, the error distribution property of feature point captured using cameras can be approximately regarded to be zero‐mean Gaussian distribution when the measurement error of pixel is assumed to be the same. Furthermore, the cofactor matrix can be derived to describe the error distribution property. Built on what is mentioned above, the weighted total least square is adopted to compute the relative angular velocity. To analyse the estimation precision of the algorithm, the Cramer‐Rao low bound is also exploited to calculate the theoretical precision trend with the number of the feature point. The relative position estimation uses the particle swarm optimisation algorithm to seek optimal solution due to the fact that the corresponding coefficient matrix is not full rank. Finally, three groups of simulation experiments are conducted to verify its effectiveness. The experiment results show that this algorithm can be utilised to estimate the initial relative state.
Il n’y a pas de prescription d’État en langue
Authors: Éloy Jean-Michel
Published: January 2020

On interroge d’abord ici l’implication de l’État dans la langue (le corpus de la langue nationale), qui présente trois facettes : on peut considérer l’État comme législateur, producteur de normes juridiques, comme locuteur, producteur de discours, ou comme organisateur, producteur d’actes, institutionnels et matériels. C’est dans ce dernier secteur que se situent l’appareil d’enseignement et l’Académie, simple institution spécialisée, y compris les textes (circulaires, programmes) qui expliquent cette action organisatrice. Dans les trois cas, l’État ne produit qu’indirectement et marginalement des normes de langue – en dépit de mythes tenaces. Tout cela souligne la composante idéologique, centrée sur le concept de légitimité – mais aussi consensus, norme-normalisation, insécurité, etc. Ces débats concernent la nature de l’État et la cohésion du corps politique.
Dynamiques de la prescription
Authors: Candel Danielle
Published: January 2020

Différents modes de prescription sont décelables dans les listes de termes recommandés dans le cadre du circuit de terminologie officielle en France, tel qu’il fonctionne depuis plus de vingt ans (suite au décret Juppé en 1996). Diverses dynamiques sont observées dans ces listes officielles, où sont proposées de précieuses remarques. Nombre de marques d’usage complètent les propositions. On évoque les sources possibles de ces modulations, les nuances induites par divers types de catégorisations et les applications possibles de ces changements avec leurs effets. On tente de considérer ces éléments de prescription officielle comme on le ferait dans le cadre d’une analyse combinée métalexicographique et terminologique.
Autour desLangues dans l’Europe nouvelleUne réception de Meillet par les adeptes des langues artificielles
Authors: Moret Sébastien
Published: January 2020

À l’occasion du centième anniversaire de la publication de la première édition (1918) desLangues dans l’Europe nouvelled’Antoine Meillet, cet article aimerait, d’une part, revenir, à partir de documents d’archives, sur l’histoire de cet ouvrage important dans la carrière de Meillet et, d’autre part, s’intéresser plus précisément à la façon dontLes langues dans l’Europe nouvellefut reçu par les adeptes des différentes langues internationales auxiliaires qui existaient à l’époque, compte tenu du fait que, dans son ouvrage, Meillet s’était exprimé positivement sur le sujet.
La Corée du Sud à la recherche du leadership mondial sur les technologies de l’hydrogène
Authors: Masy Jean-Claude , Guidez Joël
Published: January 2020

Le développement de l’économie de l’hydrogène est devenu une des priorités des autorités sud-coréennes, avec la publication en janvier 2019 d’une feuille de route ambitieuse : devenir le leader mondial dans le domaine de la voiture à hydrogène. Ce plan est soutenu par un budget conséquent d’aide à la R&D et aux constructeurs nationaux. Cette politique est bien relayée au niveau des villes, qui y voient un moyen d’améliorer la qualité de l’air. Mais à quel prix en termes d’émissions de CO2 ?
Canada : des SMR pour lutter contre la dépendance au diesel des communautés isolées
Authors:   Par la rédaction, SFEN
Published: January 2020

Plusieurs provinces du Canada se penchent sur l’installation de petits réacteurs modulaires (SMR) pour alimenter en énergie des communautés isolées. Fortement dépendantes des générateurs diesel pour leurs besoins en électricité et en chauffage, ces communautés en subissent tous les inconvénients – un véritable fléau environnemental et économique.
Artificial Intelligence in Radiology Residency Training
Authors: Forney Michael C. , McBride Aaron F.
Published: January 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging technology that brings a wide array of new tools to the field of radiology. AI will certainly have an impact on the day-to-day work of radiologists in the coming decades, thus training programs must prepare radiology residents adequately for their future careers. Radiology training programs should aim to give residents an understanding of the fundamentals and types of AI in radiology, the broad areas AI can be applied in radiology, how to assess AI applications in radiology, and resources available to build their knowledge in IA applications in radiology.
How Do I Counsel Parents of a Newly Diagnosed Boy with Haemophilia A?
Authors: Kurnik Karin , Bidlingmaier Christoph , Olivieri Martin
Published: January 2020

With the recent approval of improved therapeutic options for patients suffering from haemophilia A such as the extended half-life, recombinant factor concentrates, non-factor VIII replacement therapies like Emicizumab and after consideration of the currently running clinical trials investigating even more advanced approaches, counselling of parents of a newly diagnosed boy with haemophilia A has not become less demanding. Parents need to be informed about the pathophysiology, the chronic nature and the potential risks that are commonly associated with this disease and its treatment, depending on disease severity. Above all, the safety and efficacy of the medicinal drug(s) to be used are of utmost importance, given the impact of non-virus-inactivated plasma-derived factor concentrates in the 1980s. As a consequence, the subsequent development and registration of recombinant clotting factors from mammalian, and recently, even human, cell cultures are seen by many as a breakthrough, although, regarding the product-type-dependent development of inhibitors in previously untreated patients, the discussion is still open. Clinical data for the humanised bispecific antibody Emicizumab in paediatric patients below 2 years of age without inhibitors who suffer from severe haemophilia A are currently limited.
Mid-infrared radiation technique for direct pyroelectric and electrocaloric measurements
Authors: Sotnikova Galina Yu. , Gavrilov Gennadii A. , Kapralov Alexander A. , Muratikov Kirill L. , Smirnova Elena P.
Published: January 2020

A mid-infrared radiometric (MIR) method for precise in situ temperature measurements when studying pyroelectric and electrocaloric properties of bulk and film materials is presented. The method uses new MIR-temperature sensors based on narrowband high-speed and high-sensitive uncooled immersion lens A3B5 photodiodes with a precalibration procedure. They are completely insensitive to the background illumination with λ ≤ 1 µm and provide contactless temperature measurements directly in the area of laser heating action. An accuracy of 50 mK at the temperature around 20 °C, rapidly improving up to 1 mK at 200 °C, is achieved at the operation speed of 1 ms. The reliable and reproducible conditions of measurements of pyroelectric and electrocaloric properties of various samples are formulated, and the novel experimental setup is described in detail. The experimental verification of the method is performed by the measurements of pyroelectric properties of single crystals, bulk ceramics, and AlN film. The results of joint measurements of the pyroelectric and electrocaloric properties of the ferroelectric relaxor ceramics are also presented.
Investigation of asymmetric mode competition in a relativistic backward wave oscillator
Authors: Song Zhimin , Fan Zhiqiang , Cao Yibing , Wu Ping , Deng Yuqun , Zhang Guangshuai , Zhang Xiaowei , Sun Jun
Published: January 2020

The relativistic backward wave oscillator (RBWO) is one of the most important high-power microwave generators. Its stability and reliability must be further improved to meet the demands of key applications. The factors that limit its performance are varied but include radio frequency breakdown and mode competition. Based on a C-band RBWO, the mode competition was carefully analyzed and the effects on the performance of the RBWO were revealed. As shown in the studies, for an axisymmetric system, asymmetric mode competition probably still exists. Therefore, a three-dimensional particle-in-cell model was configured to investigate the mode competition. The theoretical and experimental results confirmed that the competing mode for a C-band RBWO was EH21. Changing the gap between the cathode and anode was found to be effective for suppressing the asymmetric mode.
Large-volume cubic press produces high temperatures above 4000 Kelvin for study of the refractory materials at pressures
Authors: Zhou Xuefeng , Ma Dejiang , Wang Lingfei , Zhao Yusheng , Wang Shanmin
Published: January 2020

The advent of a large-volume high-pressure apparatus has led to the discovery of many new materials with exceptional properties for widespread applications such as superhard materials (e.g., diamonds). However, for most conventional devices, the pressure and temperature capabilities are often limited to 6 GPa and 2300 K, which severely impedes the study of materials at extended pressures and temperatures. In this work, we present experimental optimizations of the high-pressure cell assembly for cubic press with a focus on the improvement of its temperature capability, leading to a record temperature value of ∼4050 K and largely extended pressure conditions up to ∼10 GPa with a centimeter-sized sample volume. Pressures of the new assembly at high temperatures are investigated by the melting-point method, giving rise to a series of parallel isoforce loading lines associated with thermally induced pressure. For the first time, the high-pressure melting curve of tungsten carbide is determined up to 3800 K and 8 GPa, and single-crystal refractory materials of Mo, Ta, and WC are also grown using the optimized cell.
Beam energy recovery for fusion and collector design for tests on compact sources
Authors: Variale V. , Valentino V. , Cavenago M. , Baltador C. , Sartori E. , Serianni G.
Published: January 2020

The next fusion project DEMO, which will be the evolution of the experimental fusion reactor [International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER)], would require a high efficient energy production. As in ITER, DEMO will use fast Neutral Beam (NB) injectors to increase the plasma temperature needed for the fusion reaction. A way to recover the electric energy production efficiency in DEMO could be the beam energy recovery in the NB production, which is produced by a D− beam, neutralized by a gas cell with 60% efficiency. A compact energy recovery device with an axisymmetric cylindrical ion collector that uses only decelerating electric fields combined with the beam space charge effect has been recently proposed. It can be used for a test on the beam of the NIO1 (Negative Ion Optimization 1) source, a compact ion source (scaled down from ITER size sources) that has been developed at INFN-LNL and Consorzio RFX (Padua). The detailed collector design to be used on one of the beamlets of the NIO1 source within typical space limitation is presented and discussed here. Furthermore, a preliminary trajectory simulation for a beam with a rectangular geometry similar to the beam used in ITER to verify the beam recovery for a nonaxial symmetric geometry is also shown.
Epsilon-near-zero response in indium tin oxide thin films: Octave span tuning and IR plasmonics
Authors: Johns Ben , Puthoor Navas Meleth , Gopalakrishnan Harikrishnan , Mishra Akhileshwar , Pant Ravi , Mitra J.
Published: January 2020

Epsilon near zero (ENZ) materials exhibit strongly confined optical modes and plasmonic response around and beyond the ENZ wavelength (λENZ). In order to exploit the novel properties of ENZ materials for real-world applications, it is important to develop material platforms that offer continuous tuning of λENZ. We report octave span, controllable, and reversible tuning of λENZ from 1280 nm to 2900 nm in commercially available thin films of indium tin oxide (ITO), employing a low temperature annealing protocol. Electrical, spectroscopic, and optical measurements establish the physical basis of the observed tunability in free electron density by over an order of magnitude and quantify the real and imaginary components of the refractive index for ITO thin films. Excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in the metallic regime of ITO probes its infrared plasmonic response demonstrating continuous tunability of SPP frequency and crossover to the tunable ENZ plasmon mode in ultrathin films. Finally, dispersion tuning of optical fiber modes by optical coupling with a tunable λENZ platform is demonstrated by investigating modal interference in a tapered silica fiber in contact with various custom tuned ITO films.
Multi-objective decision framework for comprehensive assessment of organic Rankine cycle system
Authors: Sun Zhuang , Liu Chao , Wang Shukun
Published: January 2020

A multiobjective decision framework, which is developed to determine the optimal operational parameters and choose the best working fluids for the organic Rankine cycle taking thermodynamics, economy, and environment into consideration, is proposed. Net output work, electricity production cost (EPC), and equivalent carbon emission (ECE) are adopted as the thermodynamic, economic, or environmental indicators in the decision framework. Then, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the effect of criteria weights on working fluid selection and their priority variations. Finally, the decision results obtained from the Technique for Order by Similarity to Ideal Solution are compared with those obtained by another two kinds of decision making methods, namely, Multi-Factor Evaluation and Vector-Based Ranking method. Butane, R245fa, R1233zd(E), R245ca, and R123 are chosen as the working fluids. The result shows that R1233zd(E) is recognized as the most appropriate working fluid under the above three decision methods in this work. The corresponding net output work, EPC, and ECE are 7.76 kW, 6.690 × 10−2 $/kWh, and 2.075 × 10−2 kg CO2eq/kWh, respectively.
Transition path sampling for non-equilibrium dynamics without predefined reaction coordinates
Authors: Buijsman P. , Bolhuis P. G.
Published: January 2020

We develop two novel transition path sampling (TPS) algorithms for harvesting ensembles of rare event trajectories using non-equilibrium dynamics. These methods have the advantage that no predefined reaction coordinate is needed. Instead, an instantaneous reaction coordinate is based on the current path. Constituting a Monte Carlo random walk in trajectory space, the algorithms can be viewed as bridging between the original TPS methodology and the Rosenbluth based forward flux sampling methodology. We illustrate the new methods on toy models undergoing equilibrium and non-equilibrium dynamics, including an active Brownian particle system. For the latter, we find that transitions between steady states occur via states that are locally ordered but globally disordered.