bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing HIV Screening in a Federally Qualified Health Center: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Akpodiete Claudette , LeShoure Nicole , Lee Loretta Taylor
Published: February 2024

Background:HIV is a chronic infection that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a life-threatening condition. The highest number of new HIV diagnoses occurs in males, particularly Black men living in the southern region of the United States.  Black men tend to test less frequently than other races.  Objective:This pilot project was a quality improvement (QI) initiative to increase HIV screening rates among Black men who received healthcare at a Federally Qualified Healthcare Center (FQHC).Methods:The 8-week QI initiative was implemented during clinic hours. A retrospective chart review was performed to compare baseline with post-initiative HIV screening rates for eligible patients who received care in Birmingham, Alabama, which was shown to be low. Then, a risk assessment questionnaire was administered before providing educational materials to improve screening rates among Black men at an urban multisite FQHC.Results:HIV screening rates among Black men increased after the two-part initiative (20% and 21%, respectively).Conclusions:This QI initiative demonstrated that HIV screening rates could increase with tailored provider-initiated interventions, including risk assessment and educational materials.Implications for Nursing:A DNP or other healthcare providers could use this project to inform the development of a larger-scale QI initiative at an FQHC to improve HIV screening rates for under-resourced populations.
A NEW FREE-LIVING NEMATODE GENUS TETRATOBRILUS GEN. NOV. (TRIPLONCHIDA: TOBRILIDAE) FROM WEST BENGAL, INDIA
Authors: DAS TANDRANI , DAS TANUKA , GHOSH JANA TIASI , GHOSH GOUTAM
Published: February 2024

A new free-living nematode Tetratobrilus dentatus gen. nov. sp. nov. under family Tobrilidae Filipjev, 1918 of the order Triplonchida Cobb, 1919 is described from a drowned paddy field soil (mud) in West Bengal, India. It is characterized by heavily sclerotized walls of anterior portion of the buccal cavity, a small dorsal tooth and two sub-ventral stomatal pockets longitudinally, one following another. The first pocket is fused with the posterior portion of the stoma, similar to the genus Epitobrilus, but differs in the presence of two adjacent teeth (vs. one) in the first pocket. The second pocket contains only one tooth. It also possesses smaller anterior setae (less than 40% of head diameter) and a subterminal setae. Males bear six characteristic pitcher-shaped supplements. Comprehensive details regarding the morphological structures, accompanied by figures and morphometric measurements, are presented in this report. An updated key to the genus and other genera of family Tobrilidae is also provided. Key Words: Stomatal pockets, sub-ventral teeth, Tobrilidae, new genus, new species
Félix Vacas Fernández, El estatuto jurídico internacional de las víctimas de crímenes internacionales. derechos de las víctimas, justicia de transición y Corte Penal Internacional
Authors: Dorado Porras Javier
Published: February 2024

Este artículo reseña: Félix Vacas Fernández, El estatuto jurídico internacional de las víctimas de crímenes internacionales. Derechos de las víctimas, justicia de transición y Corte Penal Internacional, Tirant Lo Blanch, Valencia, 2023.283 pp.
Carta ao Editor Relativa ao artigo “Prevalência e Fatores Preditivos do Aleitamento Materno Exclusivo nos Primeiros Seis Meses de Vida”
Authors: Peixoto Ana
Published: February 2024

N/D.
Parametric Analysis of “Zollinger Type” Ribbed Timber Shells
Authors: Heidenreich Christian , Büttner Josephin , Kilian André
Published: February 2024

The following article presents the study and further development of the roof system developed and patented by Friedrich Zollinger in 1920. The so-called Zollinger construction system is based on short timber components ‐ lamellae, connected by a bolt and a form of decking only
for covering purpose. By developing the micro step joint, an increase in joint stiffness can be achieved. In addition, by applying and activating a load-bearing roof covering, a further increase in system stiffness can be achieved and demonstrated. Especially with regard to large spans, the
increase of the stiffness and reduction of the deflection becomes inevitable against the background of an economic feasibility. Based on the analysis of the historic Zollinger system, it is possible to evaluate potential for improvements in terms of system stiffness as well as contemporary
design, development and manufacturing. Due to the large number of different influencing factors, the system was modeled as a parametric master model. In this, a closed process cycle can be developed from the geometric definition, to the static analysis and to the derivation of the computer-aided
manufacturing data. In the present study especially the exact recording, description and modeling of the stiffness and feasibility of the connection details “lamella‐lamella” and “lamella‐planking” was investigated. A parametric finite element model can
be used to determine the stiffness parameters as a function of the fasteners used and the spacing of the fasteners. Staple connections are used as the main means of connection between the lamella and the planking. The implementation of the staple connections in the finite element analysis
was carried out using spring parameters, which are determined in the course of the development. The analysis and optimization of the connection stiffnesses is presented against the background of an economical structure development. By using digital planning methods and interfaces, a contemporary
way of working is presented. In addition, a contribution is made to digitalization in the construction industry.
In Silico Analysis of Mutations in Quinolone Resistance Determinant Region for Flouroquinolone Resistance in Salmonella typhi
Authors: Khan Noman , Muneer Hasan , Ilyas Muhammad Waqar , Bhat Mashooq Ahmad , Ullah Ihsan , Yaseen Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, is one of the major infection spreading from consuming contaminated food and water. The poor sanitation is one the major cause for successful infection. S. typhi is responsible for causing typhoid fever, which is a growing public health concern in developing countries. This bacterium has acquired antimicrobial resistance to many promising which is a growing health concern for community. This study is aim to elucidate the molecular complexity of flouroquinolone resistance in S. Typhi isolates (n=286). Genomic data was downloaded from NCBI and analysis was done by Resfinder, MLST, and Pointfinder. Genomic analysis unveils a complex resistance profile, featuring antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) including blaCTXM-15, blaTEM-1D, catA1, dfrA7, qnrS1, sul1, sul2, and tetA(B). The investigation focuses on mutations in DNA gyrA, parC, and qnrS1 genes which plays an important role in quinolone resistance. Mutation analysis reveals mutations such as DNA gyrA_S83F, DNA gyrA_D87N, DNA gyrA_S83Y, DNA gyrB_S464F, parC_S80I, and parE_L416F with the presence of qnrS1 gene produces resistance against quinolones. The Docking studies was conducted by “Autodock vina” and visualize by “Discovery studio” which demonstrate that these mutations leads to ciprofloxacin resistance, indicating reduced binding affinity, and altered solvent accessibility which indicates the structural changes at mutation sites. This study provides crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms driving flouroquinolone resistance in S. typhi, guiding future strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. Further validation through experimental mutagenesis is recommended, for targeted therapeutic interventions against the mounting threat of antibiotic-resistant S. typhi.
Skin Lesions with Loss of Tissue and Cutaneous-Onset Sepsis: The Skin Infection-Sepsis Relationship
Authors: Pătrașcu Adriana Ionela , Vâță Dan , Temelie-Olinici Doinița , Mocanu Mădălina , Guguluş Dumitriţa Lenuţa , Marinescu Mădălina , Stafie Liviu , Tarcău Bogdan Marian , Popescu Ioana Adriana , Creţu Ioana , Cimpoeşu Carmen Diana , Gheucă-Solovăstru Laura
Published: February 2024

In dermatological practice, disturbances of the skin microbiome are found in various infectious and inflammatory dermatoses featuring one or more skin lesions with loss of tissue, directly exposing skin layers to microbial invasions. Literature data on the incidence of cutaneous-onset sepsis are, however, scarce. This retrospective observational study assessed hospital admissions for primary skin lesions with vs. without bacterial infections and sepsis during 2020-2022 in the largest emergency hospital in NE Romania. Of 509 patients 441 had infected lesions, 78 had sepsis caused by venous ulcers microbial eczema cellulitis, superinfected bullous dermatoses, erysipelas, erythroderma. Cultured samples revealed S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, with K. pneumoniae, S. β-hemolytic associated with sepsis even if rarer. Clinical manifestations included ulcerations, erosions, fissures, excoriations, bullae, vesicles, pruritus, tumefaction, edema, fever, chills, pain, adenopathy, mildly altered mental status. Underlying chronic heart failure, atrial fibrillation, anemia, type-1 diabetes mellitus were comorbidities associated with infection and sepsis. Significant associations and risk factors, including their combined effects, are discussed to draw attention to the need for further research and adequate management to prevent sepsis in adult patients of any age presenting with infected skin lesions (especially cellulitis) and comorbidities (especially type 1 diabetes mellitus and anemia).
Assessment of Cervicovaginal Smear and HPV DNA Cotest for Cervical Cancer Screening: Implications for Diagnosis and Follow-Up Strategies
Authors: Kaya Terzi Neslihan , Yulek Ozden
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE: Cervical cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality, necessitating effective screening and diagnostic methods. This study aimed to assess the performance of cervicovaginal smear (CVS) and Human papilloma virus (HPV)-DNA cotest.
STUDY DESIGN: The pathology results of 225 female patients who underwent HPV-DNA testing with CVS between 2014 and 2022 and were subsequently diagnosed by colposcopic cervical biopsy or second CVS were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS: CVS samples showed Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS), Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and cervical cancer. Concordance between the first and second diagnoses demonstrated moderate agreement for LSIL. ASCUS cases exhibited a significant correlation with HPV-DNA positivity and higher-grade cervical lesions. In biopsy, sensitivity and specificity for CIN 2 were 67.8% and 67.9%, respectively, while for CIN 3, they were 81.8% and 58.5%. HPV testing showed significant correlation with histopathologic results. In women over 40 years, more intraepithelial lesions were diagnosed compared to younger women (p<0.005). The conventional smear technique proved reliable in detecting high-grade lesions.
CONCLUSION: Despite the limitations of our study, our results emphasize the value of HPV-DNA testing to avoid unnecessary interventions and to establish appropriate follow-up strategies.
Optical Biosensor Based on Porous Silicon and Tamm Plasmon Polariton for Detection of CagA Antigen of Helicobacter Pylori
Authors: Rong Guoguang , Kavokin Alexey , Sawan Mohamad
Published: February 2024

Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) is a common pathogen with high prevalence of infection in human populations. Diagnosis of H. Pylori infection is critical for its treatment, eradication, and prognosis. Biosensors have been demonstrated to be powerful for rapid onsite detection of pathogens, particularly for point-of-care test (POCT) scenarios. In this work, we propose a novel optical biosensor, based on nanomaterial porous silicon (PSi) and photonic surface state Tamm Plasmon Polariton (TPP), for detection of cytotoxin-associated antigen A (CagA) antigen of H. Pylori bacterium. We fabricated the PSi TPP biosensor, analysed its optical characteristics and demonstrated through experiments towards sensing of CagA antigen, that TPP biosensor has sensitivity of 100 pm/(ng/ml), limit of detection of 0.01 ng/ml, and specificity in terms of positive-to-negative ratio of more than six. From these performance factors, it can be concluded that TPP biosensor can serve as an effective tool for diagnosis of H. Pylori infection, either in analytical labs or in POCT applications.
Takayasu’s Arteritis: A Special Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Moisii Paloma , Jari Irina , Naum Alexandru G. , Butcovan Doina , Tinică Grigore
Published: February 2024

Background: Takayasu’s arteritis is a rare type of vasculitis, with severe complications like stroke, ischemic heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, secondary hypertension, aneurysms. Diagnosis is conducted by clinical and angiographic criteria. Treatment is medical and surgical, but unfortunately, the outcome is reserved. Case presentation: A 34- year- old Caucasian women had an ischemic stroke (2009). She was diagnosed with Takayasu’s arteritis and she received treatment with methotrexate, prednisolone, antiplatelet agents, with a mild improvement of clinical state. After 5 years (2014) she associated ascending aorta aneurysm, pulmonary hypertension, mild aortic regurgitation. The surgical treatment solved both ascending aorta aneurysm and left carotid artery stenosis (ultrasound in 2009 and computed tomography angiogram in 2014). Morphopathology revealed typical appearance for Takayasu’s arteritis. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNF-inhibitors) were associated to methotrexate. At 48 years (2023) she developed coronary heart disease (angina, electrocardiogram); echocardiography revealed severe pulmonary hypertension; angiography described normal coronary arteries, abdominal aorta pseudoaneurysm and arterial-venous fistula, with origin in right coronary artery and drainage on medium pulmonary artery. The patient refused surgical/ interventional treatment; she received again TNF- inhibitors, methotrexate, antiplatelet agents, statins. Conclusions: This case report presents us a severe form of Takayasu’s arteritis. We consider that morphopathology had a great importance in revealing to clinicians the typical appearance and the stadialization of inflammatory arterial process: acute or chronic. The verdict of morphopathologist was chronic phase, with acute relapses, so we decided that immunosuppressive treatment was still necessary.
Unravelling the Nexus of Risky Sexual Practices, and HIV Prevalence Among Young Female Sex Workers in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Mukuku Olivier , Kiakuvue Yannick Nkiambi , Yumba Georges Numbi , Ruhindiza Bienvenu Mukuku , Kakisingi Christian Ngama , Kabongo Joe Katabwa , Mwamba Claude Mulumba
Published: February 2024

Introduction: It is widely recognized that young female sex workers (YFSWs) are at greater risk of HIV infection than their older counterparts. This study aims to unravel the complexities surrounding HIV transmission among this demographic group, by determining the prevalence of HIV infection and identifying high-risk sexual practices associated with HIV infection among YFSWs in Lubumbashi, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study and used a comprehensive sample of all YFSWs who presented to the HIV/Sexually Transmitted Infections Screening and Treatment Center in Lubumbashi between April 2016 and December 2017. We collected data on age, number of years in the practice of selling sex, number of sexual encounters per day, number of clients per week, systematic condom use, having suffered from sexually transmitted infections in the last 3 months before the survey, regular alcohol consumption, having anal sex in the last 12 months, having had forced sex in the last 12 months. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify potential factors associated with HIV infection. Results: A total of 572 YFSWs were included in the study, 19 of whom were HIV-positive (3.3%; 95% CI: 2.1% - 5.1%). Participants who were forced to have sex (adjusted OR=12.2; 95% CI: 3.2 - 46.4; p<0.0001), those who did not use condoms systematically (adjusted OR=4.1; 95% CI: 1.3 - 13.0; p=0.018), and those who had anal sex (adjusted OR=23.8; 95% CI: 6.9 - 82.4; p<0.0001) were more likely to be HIV-positive. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that HIV prevalence among YFSW is higher than in the general Congolese population, and is significantly associated with high-risk sexual practices. Interventions aimed at increasing YFSW’s knowledge of high-risk behaviors should be vigorously pursued.
Polytrauma Caused by Bear Attack on a Human, with a Benign Outcome
Authors: Mellin Ruslan , Velichko Ellina , Maltseva Larisa , Dydykin Sergey , Vasil'ev Yuriy
Published: February 2024

Injuries to humans caused by wild animals, particularly bears, are rarely mentioned in the literature. The frequency of such injuries is high in Siberia, which is a territory surrounded by dense forests and is a habitat of brown bears. Only for the last 4 months (September - December) 4 episodes of bear attacks on humans were registered in Khakassia, Russia. We present a clinical case of rehabilitating a patient after a bear attack for multiple fragmentary fracture of the facial skeleton with displacement of bone fragments, subcutaneous emphysema of soft tissues of the face, parietal and right occipital regions, and paranasal sinus hemorrhage on the left side. The nature of the injury was enhanced by the trauma to the upper extremity, with which the patient defended himself against the animal. In addition to the damage to the face, the bear tried to open the cranium, which was evidenced by 4 furrows from the canines, 2 on the frontal and 2 on the occipital bones of the skull. The complex treatment of the patient included both maxillofacial and reconstructive surgery, and at the stage of outpatient treatment the formation of normotrophic scars with the help of neodymium laser and injections of heterogeneous composition consisting of micro-particles of "cross-linked" collagen of animal origin, placed in a gel identical to the natural extracellular matrix.
Correlates of Zero-Dose Status among Children Aged 12–23 Months in the Luambo Health District, Democratic Republic of Congo: A Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Ntambue Esperent Malu , Magazani Alain Nzanzu , Kasonga Jean Bosco , Mudipanu Adèle , Kabamba Nzaji Michel , Ishoso Daniel Katuashi , Nkamba Dalau Mukadi
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: “Zero-dose” (ZD) refers to a child not receiving any doses of the pentavalent (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)-Hepatitis B) vaccine in the routine national immunization schedule. These children are vulnerable to vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), and are often already disadvantaged due to poverty, conflict, and lack of access to basic health services. The Luambo health district (HD) is one of the 26 HDs in the Kasai Central Province and has the largest number of ZD children. This study was conducted to examine the factors associated with ZD status in the Luambo HD; (2) Methods: We conducted a mixed study of children aged 12-23 months in the Luambo HD in the Kasai Central Province; (3) Results: A total of 445 children aged 12-23 months were included in the study, including 89 cases and 356 controls. Correlates of zero dose (ZD) status in children aged 12-23 months were mothers who were not receiving Antenatal Care (ANC), of not knowing any VPD, the fact of the children being born in Angola and the fact of the children being born at home. In addition, the perceptions of children’s parents influenced child immunization; (4) Conclusions: Missing ANC services during pregnancy leads to home delivery with consequences being lack of knowledge on childhood’s VPD and subsequently children not being vaccinated.
The Catcher in the Rye y la escritura terapéutica: análisis de dos traducciones al español (Carmen Criado, 1978; 2006)
Authors: García Serrano Ana Isabel
Published: February 2024

Resumen: The Catcher in the Rye (1951) de J. D. Salinger es un clásico tanto de la literatura estadounidense como de la universal. Hasta el momento, las dos únicas traducciones al castellano publicadas en España son las realizadas por Carmen Criado en 1978 y 2006. Teniendo en cuenta el hecho de que uno de los aspectos de la novela más analizados es la posible idea de que Holden relata la historia como terapia, el objetivo del presente artículo es, por tanto, analizar hasta qué punto la novela original parece contener una finalidad terapéutica y cómo esta posible finalidad ha sido plasmada en ambas traducciones al castellano disponibles en España. El análisis comparativo de ambas traducciones muestra que, pese a que la traducción de 2006 consigue plasmar el estilo coloquial y oral de la novela original de forma más fidedigna, esta mantiene, no obstante, rasgos como la traducción del pronombre “you” de apelación al lector por “ustedes”. Esto disminuye las posibilidades de que los lectores meta, a diferencia de los lectores origen, interpreten que los hechos son narrados como forma de terapia. 
Palabras clave: Escritura terapéutica. Teoría de la Relevancia. Estilo coloquial, Apelación al lector. Relevancia y traducción.
Los saberes en la medicina intercultural de la Unión Campesina del Azuay (Ecuador)
Authors: Tubay Zambrano Fanny , Teresa Arteaga María
Published: February 2024

The study shows how healers from the Peasant Union of Azuay (UNASAY-E) in Ecuador, faced with the needs of today's world, raise the need to continue training; and they make known their vision of what knowledge they require to care for the body, mind and spirit. The research is ethnographic and uses tools such as semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The results reveal that the knowledge inherited from generation to generation is in permanent territorial and collective construction. It also explains which resources, natural medicines and treatments are applied for healing. The investigation concludes that ancestral medicine continues to be devalued and folklorized, even though, on the one hand, it is recognized in the national Constitution and, on the other, it confers well-being to the social structure.
Plug Your Way Through Downhole Restrictions
Authors: Wang Jack
Published: February 2024

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Unable to successfully deploy plug-and-perf bottomhole assemblies (BHA) to the desired depth has resulted in significant nonproductive time (NPT) in unconventional completions. These instances of NPT are primarily attributed to casing deformation, rather than plug presets.

To address these downhole restrictions, frac plugs with smaller outer diameters (OD) were introduced for stage isolation. This reduction in plug OD minimizes the risk of getting stuck in tight spaces, but it also compromises pressure ratings. This raises the risk of skidding (slip losses, anchoring) and leads to increased fluid usage for pumpdown.

These challenges not only risk well productivity, but also escalate completion time and costs. For a comprehensive solution, a smaller-OD frac plug is necessary to pass through tight spots, while maintaining anchoring, sealing, and reducing required pumped-fluid volume.

The Gap

The annular clearance between the plug OD and casing inner diameter (ID) significantly influences plug-and-perf operations. A smaller gap leads to advantages such as lower expansion rates for isolation, better anchoring, and reduced pumped-fluid volume, but it also heightens the risk of obstructions.

Conversely, a larger gap requires higher expansion rates for isolation, resulting in weaker anchoring, lower pressure rating, and increased fluid consumption, but reduces the likelihood of obstructions. In some frac operations, higher pressure is needed to break down the formation; thus, frac plugs with higher pressure ratings (smaller gap) are commonly favored. For instance, in 5.5-in., 20-lb/ft casing, typical frac plugs have an average OD of 4.4 in., an expansion rate of 8–12%, and a pressure rating of 10,000 psi.

In many 5.5-in., 20 lb/ft casedhole completions across the US and parts of China, the annular clearance between casing ID and frac plug OD is approximately 0.2 in. on the x-axis and 0.4 in. on the y-axis (Fig. 1). In this confined space, encountering debris, sand accumulation, or a deformed section during pumpdown can obstruct or fully trap the plug. To mitigate these uncertainties, smaller-OD plugs are used for such “emergency” scenarios.

Smaller-OD plugs have improved chances of navigating through tight spots, but they necessitate higher expansion rates for isolation, resulting in lower pressure ratings. For example, in 5.5-in., 20 lb/ft casing, reduced OD plugs have an average OD of 3.8 in., an expansion rate of 20–25%, and a pressure rating of 5,000 psi. They are more likely to fail due to their pressure limitations and use more fluid for pumpdown.

In cases where the use of normal-OD plugs is not feasible, opting for smaller-OD plugs, even though they might have a higher risk of failure, can be a valuable last resort. This approach is sometimes favored over entirely skipping the problematic stages without any form of stimulation.
Dynamic Simulation Platform Aids Deep Transient Tests, Well-Control Safety
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: February 2024

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 215454, “Enhancing Well-Control Safety With Dynamic Well-Control Cloud Solutions: Case Studies of Successful Deep Transient Tests in Southeast Asia,” by M. Ashraf Abu Talib, SPE, M. Shahril Ahmad Kassim, and Izral Izarruddin Marzuki, SPE, Petronas, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

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The complete paper addresses challenges related to well control and highlights the successful implementation of deep transient tests (DTT) in an offshore well performed with the help of a dynamic well-control simulation platform. The paper aims to provide insights into the prejob simulation process, which ensured a safer operation from a well-control perspective. Additionally, a comparison between simulated and actual sensor measurements during the DTT operation is presented.

DTT

DTT is a formation-testing (FT) method that allows pressure transient tests that reach deeper into the formation compared with conventional interval pressure transient tests (IPTT). DTT enables the testing of formations with higher permeability, greater thickness, and lower viscosity and real-time measurement of crucial parameters. During a DTT, formation fluid is pumped from the reservoir; upon stopping the pump, the formation pressure begins to recover as fluid further from the wellbore replaces the extracted fluid. By analyzing the resulting pressure transient, properties such as formation permeability, permeability anisotropy, and other characteristics can be determined. DTT allows for a better understanding of reservoir characteristics and rock heterogeneity. When properly designed and executed, DTT can reveal potential baffles and boundaries within the radius of investigation. A further advantage of DTT over drillstem tests (DST) is its minimal fluid flow, which allows for the attainment of objectives while contributing to the United Nations sustainable development goals.

In DTT operations, the FT tool is connected to the drillpipe through a circulating sub and a slip joint. The circulating sub plays a critical role in DTT operations because it enables the continuous mixing of pumped formation fluid with circulated mud and facilitates its transportation to the surface (Fig. 1). Typically, a constant circulation rate ranging from 100 to 250 gal/min is maintained. During circulation, the annular preventer is closed and the mud/hydrocarbon mixture is directed through the choke line to the mud/gas separator (MGS) once it reaches the surface. No formation fluids are flared during DTT operations. Instead, the circulated oil is retained in the mud and only small amounts of gas are vented. By use of a slip joint, the FT remains anchored to the borehole wall.

A high-resolution pressure gauge is used to capture and interpret even minor pressure fluctuations during the pressure transient buildup.
Fine-Scale hydrodynamic modelling of Lake Ontario: Has climate change affected circulation patterns?
Authors: Hlevca Bogdan , Howell Todd , Madani Mohammad , Benoit Nadine
Published: February 2024

The circulation in Lake Ontario is well known from past field and modelling studies. However, apparent changes in wind patterns, possibly due to climate change, have resulted in subtle changes in the currents’ formation that have implications for water resources and aquatic habitat. A high-resolution three-dimensional numerical model using the Danish Hydraulic Institute’s (DHI) MIKE 3 modelling framework based on a flexible mesh, was developed to describe lake-wide and coastal circulation features in 2018, which were then contrasted with past studies. The validated model effectively described lake-wide processes that include season-specific large gyres in the Rochester and Mississauga basins, and coastal currents along both northern and southern shorelines. During the isothermal season (non-stratified), a well-defined westward flow in the middle of the lake separates an anticyclonic (clockwise) gyre in the north, from the gyre and westward currents in the south. During the stratified season, key physical processes depicted in the model in the offshore and nearshore waters, including near-inertial waves (~17 h), upwelling events frequency (5–10 days), and surface seiches (~5 h) generally correspond with past studies. Upwelling events are the predominant northern nearshore physical processes, occurring during periods of south-westerly winds. Episodic Kelvin waves are mostly limited to the northern shore where wind direction and morphology can sustain them, and where cross-shore transport at the coastal boundary layer is minimal. The results, backed by field observations, suggest that predominant circulation patterns in the northern nearshore have changed in recent years during the stratified season.
A scoping review of interventions intended to reduce publication bias in randomised trials
Authors: Hohflfeld Ameer Steven-Jorg , Kredo Tamara , Clarke Michael
Published: February 2024

Background
The World Health Organization recommends that a randomised controlled trial (RCT) publishes its results in a peer-reviewed journal within 24 months of study completion. When RCTs are not published or publication is delayed, this is publication bias. There is uncertainty about which interventions best mitigate publication bias. This review systematically synthesises literature on interventions targeting researchers to reduce publication bias among health science researchers.
Methods
We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed and Scopus, and forward and backward citation searches. There were no restrictions on language, time or publication status. We included studies of any design that tested an intervention to reduce publication bias in health research. Ideally, participants had to be investigators or researchers who had conducted, led or been involved in RCTs. The context was any research institution that conducts research.
Two reviewers independently assessed titles and abstracts for eligibility, followed by duplicate full-text screening and data extraction. One reviewer collated and summarised the extracted data and arranged these using an analytical framework to describe the findings thematically. For quality assurance, a second reviewer checked the data analysis.
Results
Our database search yielded 14,185 records, with 11,754 after de-duplication. Of these, we excluded 11,728 records after title and abstract screening. We assessed 26 full texts for eligibility. One of these met the eligibility criteria. Forward and backward citation searches yielded 57 records, 43 were eligible. We included 44 studies published between 1995 and 2022 that described interventions promoting the publication of health-related research. We identified ten broad interventions that were often used in combination and concentrated on writing manuscripts.
Discussion
This review describes several strategies used to assist researchers in publishing their RCT findings. Despite high rates of publication bias and its substantial impact on research waste, we found no research explicitly targeting interventions to encourage trialists to publish their results. Rigorous research is needed to determine effective strategies for reducing publication bias among trialists.
Competitive binding-mediated mesoscale protein-protein interactions direct microtubule growth
Authors: Wei Zhiyi , Jia Xuanyan , Lin Leishu , Guo Siqi , Zhou Lulu , Jin Gaowei , Dong Jiayuan , Xiao Jinman , Xie Xingqiao , Li Yiming , He Sicong , Yu Cong
Published: February 2024

Microtubule organization in cells relies on targeting mechanisms. CLASP proteins are key regulators of microtubule organization, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we revealed that the C-terminal domain of CLASP2 interacts with a common motif found in several CLASP2-binding proteins. This interaction drives the dynamic localization of CLASP2 to distinct cellular compartments, where CLASP2 accumulates in protein condensates at the cell cortex or the microtubule plus end. These condensates physically contact with each other via CLASP2-mediated competitive binding, determining cortical microtubule targeting. The phosphorylation of CLASP2 modulates the dynamics of the condensate-condensate interaction and spatiotemporally navigates microtubule growth. Moreover, we identified additional CLASP-interacting proteins that are involved in condensate contacts in a CLASP2-dependent manner, uncovering a general mechanism governing microtubule targeting. Our findings not only unveil a tunable multiphase system regulating microtubule organization, but also offers general mechanistic insights into intricate protein-protein interactions at the mesoscale level.
Suppression of the Leidenfrost Phenomenon by Superhydrophilic Graphene Nanobush
Authors: Chen Xue , Wang Kun , Zhu Jiamin , Lu Tao
Published: February 2024

The Leidenfrost phenomenon considerably reduces the heat transfer at high temperatures, but proper micro/nanofabrication can enhance the heat transfer by elevating the Leidenfrost temperature. However, the complicated micro/nanofabrication techniques are difficult to implement in large-scale commercial applications. This paper describes superhydrophilic graphene nanobush (SGNB) on Cu plates prepared by the PECVD method and subsequent air plasma etching that improves the spray cooling heat transfer. The results show that the Leidenfrost temperature of SGNB/Cu plate is up to 240 °C greater than that of a bare Cu surface. The much higher temperature on the SGNB/Cu surface is due to the fast water wicking and spreading by the nanobush superhydrophilicity, as well as increased heat transfer area, increased number of boiling nucleation sites and the robust vapor channels provided by the porous nanobush structure. This study shows the great ability of the nanobush for enhancing the boiling heat transfer and a feasible strategy for suppressing the Leidenfrost phenomenon.
Precursory seismic quiescence of major earthquakes along the Sagaing Fault Zone, Central Myanmar - application of the pattern informatics technique
Authors: Traitangwong Premwadee , Khamsiri Sutthikan , Pailoplee Santi
Published: February 2024

In this study, the precursory seismic activity before a major earthquake was investigated by using the Pattern Informatics (PI) algorithm along the Sagaing Fault Zone (SFZ), Central Myanmar. After improving the earthquake catalogue, the completeness of seismicity data with Mw ≥ 3.6 reported during 1980-2020 was used in retrospective testing to find the suitable parameters of the PI algorithm. According to the retrospective test with 6 cases of different forecast period times related to Mw ≥ 5.0 earthquakes, including verification using the relative operating characteristics (ROC) diagram, the characteristic parameters of both time intervals (change time and forecast time window) = 10 years and target forecast earthquake magnitude Mw ≥ 5.0 are suitable parameters for PI investigation along the SFZ. Therefore, these parameters were applied with the most up-to-date seismic dataset to evaluate the prospective areas of upcoming major earthquakes. The results reveal that the Myitkyina and the vicinity of Naypyidaw might be at risk of a major earthquake in the future. Therefore, effective earthquake mitigation plans should be urgently arranged.
Site-Selective Functionalization of Unactivated C(sp3)–H Bonds via Synergistic Merger of Photoredox and HAT Catalysis
Authors: Li Jianjun , Wang Chaodong , Chen Zhi , Sun Jie , Tong Luwei , Wang Wenjian , Song Shengjie
Published: February 2024

Hydrogen atom abstraction from C(sp3)−H substrates for the generation of alkyl radical represents a desirable yet underexplored strategy in alkylation reaction since involving noble metal catalysts, stoichiometric oxidants, and limited scope are common drawbacks. Here we describe the synergistic utilization of photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysis to accomplish a general and practical functionalization of unactived C(sp3)−H centers, which features broad reaction scope, high functional group compatibility, and operational simplicity. A combination of validation experiments and density functional theory reveals that the N-centred radicals, generated from free N−H bond via photoredox catalyzed single-electron oxidation followed by deprotonation in a stepwise electron/proton transfer event, are the key intermediates that enable an intramolecular 1,5-HAT or intermolecular HAT process for nucleophilic carbon-centred radicals formation to achieve heteroarylation, alkylation, amination, cyanation, azidation, trifluoromethylthiolation, halogenation and deuteration. The practical value of this protocol was further demonstrated by the gram-scale synthesis and the late-stage functionalization of natural products and drug derivatives.
Crosstalk between chromatin state and ATM signalling in DNA damage-induced transcription stress.
Authors: Tresini Maria , Salas-Armenteros Irene , Klunder Maarten , Vermeulen Wim
Published: February 2024

The DNA Damage Response (DDR) is a highly regulated cellular process that safeguards genomic integrity against DNA lesions. Increasing evidence supports a reciprocal influence between architectural features of damaged chromatin and signalling pathways that co-ordinate the DDR. However, the mechanisms governing such a relationship in response to DNA helix-distorting lesions, remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that stalling of RNA polymerase II at such lesions, induces local chromatin acetylation mediated primarily by the histone acetyltransferases p300 and PCAF. The resulting open chromatin stimulates dissociation from nascent RNA of late-stage, co-transcriptional spliceosomes and subsequent formation of RNA: DNA hybrids, leading to activation of ATM signalling. In turn, activated ATM modulates chromatin conformation by phosphorylating Histone H2A.X and stimulating p38MAPK/MSK1-dependent Histone H3S10 phosphorylation. Our findings highlight the cross-regulation between chromatin state and ATM signalling as an integral part of the cellular response to transcription stress.
A scale-invariant large-area single-mode topological photonic cavity
Authors: Xie Biye , Li Zhongfu , Li Shiqi , Yan Bei , Chan Hsun-Chi , Li Jing , Guan Jun , Bi Wengang , Xiang Yuanjiang , Gao Zhen , Zhang Shuang , Zhan Peng , Wang Zhenlin
Published: February 2024

Emergent collective modes in lattices give birth to many intriguing physical phenomena in condensed matter physics. Among these collective modes, large area modes typically feature small level spacings, whilst a single mode tends to be spatially tightly confined. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a unique scale-invariant, large-area, and single-mode topological cavity mode in a two-dimensional photonic crystal. This mode emerges from the hybridization of the large-area fundamental Dirac mode and in-gap topological corner modes. Remarkably, we find that the scale-invariant, large-area, and single-mode topological cavity mode possesses unique chiralities and with a tunable mode area under the change of the mass term of the inner topological nontrivial lattice. We experimentally observe such topological cavity modes in a 2D photonic system and demonstrate the robustness by introducing disorders in the cavity structure. Our findings have propelled the forefront of higher-order topology research, transitioning it from single-lattice systems to multi-lattice systems and may support promising potential applications, particularly in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers.
Mechanism of gastric cancer cell-derived exosomal circPDSS1 promoting ferroptosis of natural killer cells by regulating miR-1278/GOT1 molecular axis
Authors: Li Yuejin , Zhu Yu , Sheng Ping , Guo Xiaodong , Li Xing , Li Ruoxi , Zhao Zhiyuan , Li Linhai , Gong Kunmei
Published: February 2024

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the malignant tumors, with complex molecular mechanisms. Ferroptosis plays an important regulatory role in the development of GC. But no studies have investigated the specific mechanism of ferroptosis in natural killer (NK) cells in GC. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism of GC cells regulating ferroptosis in NK cells.
Methods: qRT-qPCR was used to test the expression of circular RNA decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 1 (circPDSS1) and microRNA-1278 (miR-1278). The protein expressions of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and aspartate aminotransferase 1 (GOT1) were tested by Western blot, used fluorescence in situ hybridization to analyse location of circPDSS1 expressions, and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by immunofluorescence. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were detected by MDA kit, dual luciferase reporter gene to analyze targeting relationship, CCK-8 analyze the cell proliferation, transwell analyze the cell migration, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.
Results: circPDSS1 expression is elevated in GC tissues and peripheral blood, and that GC cells secrete circPDSS1 by exosomes. Exosomes of knockdown circPDSS1 significantly reduced ROS and MDA levels and elevated GPX4 expression in NK cells. More importantly, circPDSS1 can act as a sponge for miR-1278 in NK cells, inhibiting its up-regulation and promoting the expression of GOT1, thereby impaired NK cell function and ultimately induced GC progression.
Conclusion: The GC cells-derived exosomal circPDSS1 promotes ferroptosis of NK cells by regulating the miR-1278/GOT1 molecular axis, thereby inducing GC progression.
Does Green Finance Reform and Innovation affect Corporate Financialization? Evidence from China
Authors: Qi Shaozhou , Zhou Jingjie , Li Xinqiang , Li Kai
Published: February 2024

In 2017, China introduced the Green Finance Reform and Innovation Pilot Zones (GFRI) policy, underscoring its commitment to fostering sustainable and low-carbon economic growth. This pilot policy exerts a significant influence on corporate business strategies. Meanwhile, the financialization (CF) may hinder the sustainable development of traditional firms. By using dataset of China’s listed companies from 2012 to 2021, this study implements the difference-in-differences (DID) method to investigate the impact of GFRI on CF and its underlying mechanism. The main findings are as follows. (1) The implementation of GFRI has significantly enhanced CF. (2) The positive impact is particularly pronounced in corporates of the eastern regions, non-state-owned entities, those with low ESG scores, and whose manager team lacks financial expertise. (3) GFRI’s promotion effect on CF is a short-term speculative behavior driven by "reservoir" and profit maximization motivations. Our study clearly identifies the causal relationship between GFRI and CF and reveals the driving force behind corporate’s business strategy. Policy implications are put forward accordingly.
Zi Chong granules improve hydroxyurea-induced decrease in ovarian reserve function
Authors: Dong Wenran , Guo Xinyu , Lu Hua , Liu Zhibin , Xie Lan , Liu Yi , Wan Qian , Chen Ren , Liu Sui
Published: February 2024

Hydroxyurea (HU) is an antitumor drug. However, HU exposure is associated with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). Zi Chong granules, a Chinese Medicine, can protect against DOR, but little is known regarding its underlying mechanisms of DOR treatment, and thus the target of the present study. Female KM mice were randomly divided into three groups: the control group (Con), the hydroxyurea group (HU), and the Zi Chong group (ZC). The ovaries and uterus of mice were examined histologically by H&E. The levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P) were quantified using ELISA kits. The number and quality of oocytes were assessed, and endometrial receptivity was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. 16S rDNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the composition and abundance of gut microbiome in feces, and non-targeted metabolomics was performed to detect serum metabolite profiles. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationships between different gut microbiota and differential metabolites. The results showed that ZC granules increased the number of primordial follicles in the ovaries, reduced excessive follicular atresia, restored low AMH, upregulated estrogen and progesterone secretion, and increased the number of mature oocytes after ovulation promotion. It also increased thickness of uterine endometrium and the number of glands, resulting in increased endometrial microvessel density (MVD), enhanced endometrial blood supply, reduced CD138 expression levels and endometrial inflammation. HU decreased the abundance of Lactobacillus spp. in mouse intestines and decreased arachidonic acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, spermidine and spermine biosynthesis, steroidogenesis and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Correlation analysis revealed that HU exerted its side effects by altering the gut microbiome and bacteria-derived metabolites, while ZC granules could reverse DOR partly depends on regulating gut microbiota and metabolites. Together, ZC granules may be a potential therapy for alleviating HU-induced DOR.
Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic waste without pre-treatment employing vermicompost and earthworm gut-isolated bacteria: Insights on waste to wealth conversion efficiency towards cleaner lifestyle
Authors: Chowdhury Ratan , Hussain Nazneen , Mukherjee Sandip , Barman Soma , Mandal Himadri , Raul Prasanta Kumar , Bhattacharya Satya Sundar
Published: February 2024

Lignocellulosic wastes (LCW) have enormous potential to be recycled for bioethanol production. Although yeasts (Saccharomyces sp.) are commonly used bio-agents for fermentation, their efficiency is inhibited in cellulosic feedstocks. This study isolated novel ethanologenic bacteria from vermicomposting systems for bioenergy generation from fruit waste without pre-treatment. Initially, six strains out of 22, showing remarkable ethanol production ability, were characterized via 16S rRNA sequencing. Specifically, two strains (Bacillus alcalophilus C5 and Rhizobium spp. S10) produced more ethanol (5.5 and 15.7 g L− 1) than the yeast (5 g L− 1) from banana epicarps. These strains' dramatically high sedimentation rate and ethanol tolerance strongly justified their industrial applicability. Significant upregulation of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetyl CoA synthase endowed greater ethanol-producing capacity in C5 and S10 than in S. cerevisiae. The flow cytometry and confocal microscopy evidenced that ethanologenic bacteria uniquely defend the reactor-induced sugar and ethanol stresses through reverse/delayed apoptosis and robust membrane integrity. The waste-to-wealth conversion efficiency and cost-benefit analyses estimated that bacteria-mediated LCW-to-bioethanol conversion was a more profitable venture than vermicomposting or composting. Overall, this research demonstrated that the C5 and S10 isolates were more effective than widely used commercial yeast strains for bioethanol generation from LCW.