bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic geometry and Delta-points
Authors: Abrahamsen Trond A. , Lima Vegard , Martiny André , Perreau Yoël
Published: August 2022

We study Daugavet- and $$\Delta$$
Δ
-points in Banach spaces. A norm one element x is a Daugavet-point (respectively, a $$\Delta$$
Δ
-point) if in every slice of the unit ball (respectively, in every slice of the unit ball containing x) you can find another element of distance as close to 2 from x as desired. In this paper, we look for criteria and properties ensuring that a norm one element is not a Daugavet- or $$\Delta$$
Δ
-point. We show that asymptotically uniformly smooth spaces and reflexive asymptotically uniformly convex spaces do not contain $$\Delta$$
Δ
-points. We also show that the same conclusion holds true for the James tree space as well as for its predual. Finally, we prove that there exists a superreflexive Banach space with a Daugavet- or $$\Delta$$
Δ
-point provided there exists such a space satisfying a weaker condition.
Changes in regulators of lipid metabolism in the brain: a study of animal models of depression and hypothyroidism
Authors: Głombik Katarzyna , Detka Jan , Kukla-Bartoszek Magdalena , Maciejska Alicja , Budziszewska Bogusława
Published: August 2022

Metabolic disturbances in the brain are assumed to be early changes involved in the pathogenesis of depression, and these alterations may be intensified by a deficiency of thyroid hormones. In contrast to glucose metabolism, the link between altered brain lipids and the pathogenesis of depression is poorly understood, therefore in the present study, we determine transcription factors and enzymes regulating cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis in the brain structures in an animal model of depression, hypothyroidism and the coexistence of these diseases.

In used model of depression, a decrease in the active form of the transcription factor SREBP-2 in the hippocampus was demonstrated, thus suggesting a reduction in cholesterol biosynthesis. In turn, in the hypothyroidism model, the reduction of cholesterol biosynthesis in the frontal cortex was demonstrated by both the reduction of mature SREBP-2 and the concentration of enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. The lower expression of LDL receptors in the frontal cortex indicates the restriction of cholesterol uptake into the cells in the model of coexistence of depression and hypothyroidism. Moreover, the identified changes in the levels of SNAP-25, GLP-1R and GLP-2R pointed to disturbances in synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection mechanisms in the examined brain structures.

In conclusion, a reduction in cholesterol synthesis in the hippocampus in the model of depression may be the reason for the reduction of synaptic plasticity, whereas a lower level of LDL-R occurring in the frontal cortex in rats from the model of depression and hypothyroidism coexistence could be the reason of anxiogenic and depression-like behaviors.
A multi-level analytic framework for disaster situational awareness using Twitter data
Authors: Zhai Wei
Published: August 2022

During a natural disaster, mining messages from social media platforms can facilitate local agencies, rescue teams, humanitarian aid organizations, etc., to track the situational awareness of the public. However, for different stakeholders, the concerns about people’s situational awareness in a natural disaster event are different. Therefore, I developed a Twitter-based analytic framework to take perception-level situational awareness, humanitarian-level situational awareness, and action-level situational awareness into consideration. Specifically, perception-level situational awareness mainly reflects people’s perception of the ongoing natural disaster event (i.e., if people are discussing the disaster event). Decision-makers can rapidly have a big picture of severely impacted regions. Humanitarian-level situational awareness represents tweets that are associated with the humanitarian categories based on the definition from the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. The detection of humanitarian-level situational awareness can help response teams understand the specific situations and needs of local communities. In terms of the action-level situational awareness, I extracted noun-verb pairs in each tweet to explicitly represent the specific event described in a given tweet, so that the response teams can quickly act on the situation case by case. Moreover, to shed light on disaster resilience and social vulnerability, I further examined the demographic characteristics of three levels of situational awareness. I empirically demonstrated the analytic framework using geo-tagged tweets during 2018 Hurricane Michael.
Major vacuolar TPC1 channel in stress signaling: what matters, K+, Ca2+ conductance or an ion-flux independent mechanism?
Authors: Pottosin Igor , Dobrovinskaya Oxana
Published: August 2022

Two-pore cation channel, TPC1, is ubiquitous in the vacuolar membrane of terrestrial plants and mediates the long distance signaling upon biotic and abiotic stresses. It possesses a wide pore, which transports small mono- and divalent cations. K+ is transported more than 10-fold faster than Ca2+, which binds with a higher affinity within the pore. Key pore residues, responsible for Ca2+ binding, have been recently identified. There is also a substantial progress in the mechanistic and structural understanding of the plant TPC1 gating by membrane voltage and cytosolic and luminal Ca2+. Collectively, these gating factors at resting conditions strongly reduce the potentially lethal Ca2+ leak from the vacuole. Such tight control is impressive, bearing in mind high unitary conductance of the TPC1 and its abundance, with thousands of active channel copies per vacuole. But it remains a mystery how this high threshold is overcome upon signaling, and what type of signal is emitted by TPC1, whether it is Ca2+ or electrical one, or a transduction via protein conformational change, independent on ion conductance. Here we discuss non-exclusive scenarios for the TPC1 integration into Ca2+, ROS and electrical signaling.
The Impact of Implied Constraints on MaxSAT B2B Instances
Authors: Bofill Miquel , Coll Jordi , Giráldez-Cru Jesús , Suy Josep , Villaret Mateu
Published: August 2022

The B2B scheduling optimization problem consists of finding a schedule of a set of meetings between pairs of participants, minimizing their number of idle time periods. Recent works have shown that SAT-based approaches are state-of-the-art on this problem. One interesting feature of such approaches is the use of implied constraints. In this work, we provide an experimental setting to study the impact of using these implied constraints in MaxSAT B2B instances. To this purpose and due to the reduced number of existing real-world B2B instances, we propose a random B2B instance generation model, which reproduces certain features of these problems. In our experimental analysis, we show that the impact of using some implied constraints in the MaxSAT encodings depends on the characteristics of the problem, and we also analyze the benefits of combining them. Finally, we give some insights on how a MaxSAT solver is able to exploit these implied constraints.
International Law and Policy on the Protection of Civilians
Authors: Casey-Maslen Stuart , Vestner Tobias
Published: August 2022

This is the first comprehensive treatment of international law and policy on the protection of civilians in armed conflict. In addition to international humanitarian and human rights law, jus ad bellum, disarmament law, and international criminal law are all critical to civilian protection. The book offers in-depth analysis and explanation of the normative framework while also outlining and discussing the policies of concerned States and international and humanitarian organisations. The role of the United Nations as a key actor is considered along with regional organisations such as the African Union, the European Union, and NATO. Particular attention is given to those at direct risk of harm during armed conflict, including children, women, persons with disabilities, and LGBTI persons.
Effective Domestic Remedies and the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Reiertsen Michael
Published: August 2022

In Malone v. UK (Plenary 1984), the right to an effective domestic remedy in the European Convention on Human Rights Article 13 was famously described as one of the most obscure clauses in the Convention. Since then, the European Court of Human Rights has reinforced the scope and application of the right. Through an analysis of virtually all of the Court's judgments concerning Article 13, the book exhaustively accounts for the development and current scope and content of the right. The book also provides normative recommendations on how the Court could further develop the right, most notably how it could be a tool to regulate the relationship between domestic and international protection of human rights. In doing so, the book situates itself within larger debates on the enforcement of the entire Convention such as the principle of subsidiarity and the procedural turn in the Court's case law.
The Economics of the Long Period
Authors: Ponthiere Gregory
Published: August 2022

This book provides a non-technical introduction to Unified Growth Theory (UGT), that is, the study of history as a succession of economic regimes. It first focuses on the canonical example of regime shift: the transition from the regime of Malthusian stagnation to the modern regime of sustained economic growth. Then, it broadens the perspectives on historical change by examining other regime shifts involving institutional and environmental forces. This book fills a gap in the market by providing a more accessible treatment of UGT and invites readers to explore ideas of continuity and discontinuity in history.
Money Laundering Considerations in Blockchain-based Maritime Trade and Commerce
Authors: Chuah Jason C.T.
Published: August 2022

There is much to be welcomed concerning the role blockchain technology can play in modernising and enhancing international trade, creating a more level playing field and reducing costs. However, it goes without say that the technology also brings with it the risk of abuse leading to trade-based money laundering. This article explores how anti-money-laundering legislation should respond to the use of blockchain technology in shipping and trade. Maritime trade poses unique challenges because of several significant factors: the fact that it concerns large sums but many linked trading transactions over the same goods; its use of documents and involvement of numerous faceless entities; and its cross-border setting. Drawing on tried and tested forms of blockchain technology-based trade transactions, this work examines the fault lines in the current regulatory system and questions how best these gaps should be remedied. It also stresses that even states that have banned the issue and trade of cryptoassets might not be immune to these new challenges.
Diachronic Development of the K-suffixes: Evidence from Classical New Persian, Contemporary Written Persian, and Contemporary Spoken Persian
Authors: Nourzaei Maryam
Published: August 2022

This paper aims to investigate the usage and frequency of what we refer to as K-suffixes in Classical New Persian of the ninth to thirteenth centuries, Contemporary Written Persian of the late nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries, and Contemporary Spoken Persian. It shows that K-suffixes are most likely to be the reflexes of earlier evaluative morphemes, traditionally called “diminutives,” and are characterized by a high degree of multifunctionality. While evaluative functions continue to dominate in the Classical New Persian works, they have largely been lost in contemporary spoken Persian, and the suffix is now systematically used to express definiteness. The development of the K-suffix as a definiteness marker in contemporary colloquial Persian appears to be innovative, and is mainly dependent on genre, speaker, and speech situation.

Data for Classical New Persian is taken from critical editions of works from the ninth to thirteenth centuries. The data for Contemporary Written Persian comes from comprehensive books of fiction from the late nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries, and for Contemporary Spoken Persian from an extensive corpus of spoken Persian narratives and a questionnaire answered by fifteen speakers. The results suggest that evaluative morphology can develop into definiteness marking, with the development passing through a stage of combination with a deictic marker.

This paper concludes that the development of definiteness marking can proceed down a new pathway that is different from the one normally assumed for demonstrative-based definite marking, though the endpoint may be similar. The study contributes the second detailed documentation of this process for any Iranian language, and one of the few well-documented cases of a non-demonstrative origin of definiteness marking worldwide.
Impact of precessing vortex core dynamics on the thermoacoustic instabilities in a swirl-stabilized combustor
Authors: Karmarkar Ashwini , Gupta Saarthak , Boxx Isaac , Hemchandra Santosh , O'Connor Jacqueline
Published: August 2022

Global instabilities in swirling flows can significantly alter the flame and flow dynamics of swirl-stabilized flames, such as those in modern gas turbine engines. In this study, we characterize the interaction between the precessing vortex core (PVC), which is the consequence of a global hydrodynamic instability, and thermoacoustic instabilities, which are the result of a coupling between combustor acoustics and the unsteady heat release rate. This study is performed using experimental data obtained from a model gas turbine combustor employing two concentric swirling nozzles of air, separated by a ring of fuel injectors, operating at five bar pressure. The flow split between the two streams is systematically varied to observe the impact of flow structure variation on the system dynamics at both non-reacting and reacting conditions. High-speed stereoscopic particle image velocimetry, OH planar laser-induced fluorescence and acetone planar laser-induced fluorescence are used to obtain information about the velocity fields, flame and fuel flow behaviour, respectively. Spectral proper orthogonal decomposition and a complex network analysis are used to identify and characterize the dominant oscillation mechanisms driving the system. In the non-reacting data, a PVC is present in most cases and the amplitude of the oscillation increases with increasing flow through the centre nozzle. In the reacting data, three dominant modes are seen: two thermoacoustic modes and the PVC. Our results show that in the cases where the frequency of the PVC overlaps with either of the thermoacoustic modes, the thermoacoustic modes are suppressed. The complex network analysis coupled with a weakly nonlinear theoretical analysis suggests the mechanisms by which this coupling and suppression of the thermoacoustic mode occur.
Voluntary physical activity in early life attenuates markers of fatty liver disease in adult male rats fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Abdulqader Farqad , Yu Lennex , Vickers Mark H. , Firth Elwyn C. , McGlashan Sue R.
Published: August 2022

Paediatric fatty liver disease (FLD) can develop into steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in adulthood. We assessed if early life physical exercise reduced the effects of high-fat (HF) diet-induced steatosis. Male HF-fed rats with access to a running wheel from weaning until day (D)60 (early exercise) or from D67 to D120 (late exercise) were compared with control HF- or chow-fed groups with no wheel. At D63 and D120, liver histopathology (Kleiner score), type I collagen and plasma enzymes were assessed. At D63, early life activity significantly reduced histopathology scores (total, portal inflammation, steatosis, ballooning, but not lobular inflammation or fibrosis) and the number of rats affected. At D120, HF control scores were higher than in chow-fed controls, but the effect of activity was selective: early exercise reduced portal inflammation, steatosis, ballooning and fibrosis, but late activity affected only portal inflammation and ballooning. The chow-fed portal inflammation score was significantly less than all HF groups, but lobular inflammation was lower in the HF control group only. The fibrosis score in the HF early exercise and control chow group were lower than in the late exercise and sedentary HF groups, indicating that early life exercise was more effective than when activity was introduced later in life. Plasma biomarkers showed minor between-group differences. The retained effect on liver histopathology rat at D120 after only early life exposure activity suggests that timing of introduction of exercise is critical in reducing FLD scores and prevalence in children, young adults and possibly into adulthood.
Complex spatiotemporal changes in land-use and ecosystem services in the Jeju Island UNESCO heritage and biosphere site (Republic of Korea)
Authors: Kim Jihwan , Choi Heejoon , Shin Wonhyeop , Yun Jiweon , Song Youngkeun
Published: August 2022

Jeju Island, designated by UNESCO as a world heritage site, continues to face the anthropogenic pressures of reckless development for regional tourism and economic revitalization purposes. Because land use/land cover (LULC) affects ecosystem services and human well-being, it is crucial to comprehensively identify the causes of changes in LULC based on long-term analyses. This study examined LULC changes on Jeju Island over 47 years from 1973 to 2019 and quantified changes in four ecosystem services: habitat quality, carbon stock, water yield and cumulative viewshed. From 1973 to 1998, forest land increased from 22% to 56%, but these restoration efforts were conducted in grassland, reducing that land type from 42% to 17%. This process increased the areas of highest habitat quality from 68% to 73%, and carbon stock increased from 20 to 30 million tonnes. Between 1998 and 2009, the area of cropland more than doubled from 21% to 44%. As a result, the areas of highest habitat quality decreased from 73% to 49%, and carbon stock decreased from 3.0 million tonnes to 2.3 million tonnes. Our analysis could help stakeholders and policymakers to develop their management planning and improve ecosystem services through restoration and conservation policies on Jeju Island.
Field Research When There Is Limited Access to the Field: Lessons from Japan
Authors: Amano Kenya , Dominguez Melanie Sayuri , Fraser Timothy , Gagnon Etienne , Incerti Trevor , Jang Jinhyuk , McClean Charles T. , Mitchell Austin M. , Miyano Sayumi , Moreshead Colin , Saijo Harunobu , Stanescu Diana , Teraoka Ayumi , Yamagishi Hikaru , Willis Charmaine N. , Woo Yujin , Crabtree Charles
Published: August 2022

How can scholars conduct field research when there is limited access to the field? This article first identifies how limited and uncertain field access can affect field research and then provides recommendations to address these challenges. We focus on conducting field research in Japan because of our substantive expertise, but we believe that the problems and solutions outlined in this article are applicable to a broad range of countries. Our hope is that this article contributes to the developing literature on conducting research during times of emergency and to the larger literature on best practices for field research.
Group intervention for sexual minority adults with common mental health problems: preliminary evaluation
Authors: Hambrook David G. , Aries Damian , Benjamin Lewis , Rimes Katharine A.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Stigma against lesbian, gay, bisexual or queer (LGBQ) people may increase their risk of mental illness and reduce their access to and/or benefit from evidence-based psychological treatments. Little is known about the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of adapted psychological interventions for sexual minority individuals in the UK.

Aims:

To describe and evaluate a novel LGBQ Wellbeing group therapy for sexual minority adults experiencing common mental health problems, provided in a UK Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service.

Method:

An eight-session LGBQ Wellbeing group intervention was developed drawing on CBT and LGBQ affirmative principles. We compare the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who completed and dropped out of the groups, and explore changes in self-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety and functional impairment.

Results:

Over eight courses provided, 78 service-users attended at least one session, of whom 78.2% completed the intervention (drop-out rate 21.8%). Older participants were more likely to drop out. There was a lower proportion of female and bisexual or ethnic/racial minority individuals than would be expected. There were significant reductions in severity of depression, anxiety and functional impairment following the group, and more than half of those who completed the intervention needed no further treatment.

Conclusions:

There was preliminary evidence of the feasibility of, and potential clinical benefit in, a group therapy intervention for sexual minority adults experiencing common mental health problems. Future research should investigate access and outcomes for participants with additional social disadvantage, e.g. those who are female, older, bisexual or ethnic/racial minority.
Contribution of Social Psychology Research to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Bibliometric and Content Analysis of Spanish Publications
Authors: Sánchez Flor , De Filippo Daniela , Blanco Amalio , Lascurain María Luisa
Published: August 2022

This study analyses the publications by Spanish institutions indexed by the Web of Science in the thematic category of “Psychology, Social”. The objectives are to determine whether such publications address topics related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and to what extent the research conducted contributes to achieving the goals proposed in each of the SDGs. Publications were classified by their relationship with the SDGs using OSDG tool, and an in-depth content analysis was performed to validate the results. A corpus of 1,632 papers published by Spanish institutions was identified. The results show that 34% percent of the papers address matters related to the SDGs; 23% of these are related to Goal 3 (good health and well-being), and 5%, to Goal 5 (gender equality). For achieving SDG 3 goals, the reviewed papers evidence the need that institutions, governments and society to provide, especially for children and adolescents, healthy social environments to prevent harmful social relationships while improving individual skills to manage emotions in everyday life and promoting cultural integration. Regarding SDG 5, it should be a priority the application of effective strategies to change stereotypes, assigned sexual roles and sexist attitudes that sustain inequality and violence against women.
Community Health Nursing in der Stadt (CoSta)
Authors: Nock Annike Morgane , Iversen Linda , Waidhas Lukas , Petersen-Ewert Corinna
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Die Erweiterung um die Pflegeprofession in der Primärversorgung wird im deutschsprachigen Raum gegenwärtig in Bezug auf Community Health Nursing (CHN) diskutiert. Dabei handelt es sich um einen bedarfsorientierten, evidenzbasierten und lebensweltbezogenen Ansatz. Akademisch qualifizierte Pflegefachpersonen versorgen eigenverantwortlich. In anderen Ländern ist CHN langjährig verankert. In Deutschland fehlt es an Modellversuchen und Belegen, um die spezifische Wirkweise in der Anwendung zu bewerten und Vergütungsoptionen durch potentielle Kostenträger abzubilden. Fragestellung/Ziel: Das CoSta-Projekt entwickelt modellhaft ein professionelles CHN-Konzept für chronisch kranke Menschen in einem marginalisierten Stadtquartier. Methode: Die Praxisentwicklung des CHN-Konzeptes erfolgt auf Grundlage einer Literaturübersicht, einer Bedarfserhebung im Quartier und eines theoretischen Rahmens unter Beteiligung des multiprofessionellen Teams in einem Stadtteil-Gesundheitszentrum. Ergebnisse: Die Konzeptentwicklung ist abgeschlossen. Das Modellkonzept basiert auf den Komponenten Public Health, Pflegetheorie, Leitbild, rechtlicher Rahmen und Evidenzbasierung. Als Interventionen sind pflegegeleitete Hausbesuche, Sprechstunden und Schulungen vorgesehen. Ihre Wirksamkeit wird derzeit in einer laufenden Interventionsstudie überprüft. Die Ergebnisse zur Machbarkeit stehen aus. Schlussfolgerungen: Das entwickelte Konzept wird als bedarfsorientiertes Angebot eingeschätzt. Für die Intervention erscheinen kultur- und peersensible Aspekte noch bedeutsamer als erwartet.
Deep Earthquakes Suggest Well-Hydrated Mariana Subduction Zone
Authors: Rehnberg Morgan
Published: August 2022

Earthquakes as deep as 50 kilometers below the seafloor were detected by 12 ocean bottom seismometers placed around the Challenger Deep.
WISTFUL: Whole‐Rock Interpretative Seismic Toolbox for Ultramafic Lithologies
Authors: Shinevar William J. , Jagoutz Oliver , Behn Mark D.
Published: August 2022

To quantitatively convert upper mantle seismic wave speeds measured into temperature, density, composition, and corresponding and uncertainty, we introduce the Whole‐rock Interpretative Seismic Toolbox For Ultramafic Lithologies (WISTFUL). WISTFUL is underpinned by a database of 4,485 ultramafic whole‐rock compositions, their calculated mineral modes, elastic moduli, and seismic wave speeds over a range of pressure (P) and temperature (T) (P = 0.5–6 GPa, T = 200–1,600°C) using the Gibbs free energy minimization routine Perple_X. These data are interpreted with a toolbox of MATLAB® functions, scripts, and three general user interfaces: WISTFUL_relations, which plots relationships between calculated parameters and/or composition; WISTFUL_geotherms, which calculates seismic wave speeds along geotherms; and WISTFUL_inversion, which inverts seismic wave speeds for best‐fit temperature, composition, and density. To evaluate our methodology and quantify the forward calculation error, we estimate two dominant sources of uncertainty: (a) the predicted mineral modes and compositions, and (b) the elastic properties and mixing equations. To constrain the first source of uncertainty, we compiled 122 well‐studied ultramafic xenoliths with known whole‐rock compositions, mineral modes, and estimated P‐T conditions. We compared the observed mineral modes with modes predicted using five different thermodynamic solid solution models. The Holland et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egy048) solution models best reproduce phase assemblages (∼12 vol. % phase root‐mean‐square error [RMSE]) and estimated wave speeds. To assess the second source of uncertainty, we compared wave speed measurements of 40 ultramafic rocks with calculated wave speeds, finding excellent agreement (Vp RMSE = 0.11 km/s). WISTFUL easily analyzes seismic datasets, integrates into modeling, and acts as an educational tool.
Checking IN: Development, Acceptability, and Feasibility of a Pediatric Electronic Distress Screener
Authors: Wiener Lori , Bedoya Sima Z. , Gordon Mallorie , Fry Abigail , Casey Robert , Steele Amii , Ruble Kathy , Ciampa Devon , Pao Maryland
Published: August 2022

Objective:

Chronic illness in children and adolescents is associated with significant stress and risk of psychosocial problems. In busy pediatric clinics, limited time and resources are significant barriers to providing mental health assessment for every child. A brief, real-time self-report measure of psychosocial problems is needed.

Methods:

An electronic distress screening tool, Checking IN, for ages 8–21 was developed in three phases. Phase I used semistructured cognitive interviews ( N = 47) to test the wording of items assessing emotional, physical, social, practical, and spiritual concerns of pediatric patients. Findings informed the development of the final measure and an electronic platform (Phase II). Phase III used semistructured interviews ( N = 134) to assess child, caregiver and researcher perception of the feasibility, acceptability, and barriers of administering Checking IN in the outpatient setting at four sites.

Results:

Most patients and caregivers rated Checking IN as “easy” or “very easy” to complete, “feasible” or “somewhat feasible,” and the time to complete the measure as acceptable. Most providers ( n = 68) reported Checking IN elicited clinically useful and novel information. Fifty-four percent changed care for their patient based on the results.

Conclusions:

Checking IN is a versatile and brief distress screener that is acceptable to youth with chronic illness and feasible to administer. The summary report provides immediate clinically meaningful data. Electronic tools like Checking IN can capture a child’s current psychosocial wellbeing in a standardized, consistent, and useful way, while allowing for the automation of triaging referrals and psychosocial documentation during outpatient visits.

Implications for Impact Statement

Manifestations of psychosocial distress may be missed by health care providers in the outpatient setting and opportunities for referrals lost. A multiphase study guided the development of Checking IN, a brief and interactive electronic screening measure designed to identify concerns common to pediatric patients. Checking IN was found to be feasible, acceptable, and clinically meaningful and has the potential to identify distress in children receiving treatment for a chronic condition, enhance communication with the treatment team, and lead to better clinical outcomes.
Compressing local atomic neighbourhood descriptors
Authors: Darby James P. , Kermode James R. , Csányi Gábor
Published: August 2022

Many atomic descriptors are currently limited by their unfavourable scaling with the number of chemical elements S e.g. the length of body-ordered descriptors, such as the SOAP power spectrum (3-body) and the (ACE) (multiple body-orders), scales as (NS)ν where ν + 1 is the body-order and N is the number of radial basis functions used in the density expansion. We introduce two distinct approaches which can be used to overcome this scaling for the SOAP power spectrum. Firstly, we show that the power spectrum is amenable to lossless compression with respect to both S and N, so that the descriptor length can be reduced from $${{{\mathcal{O}}}}({N}^{2}{S}^{2})$$

O

(

N

2

S

2

)

to $${{{\mathcal{O}}}}\left(NS\right)$$

O

N
S

. Secondly, we introduce a generalised SOAP kernel, where compression is achieved through the use of the total, element agnostic density, in combination with radial projection. The ideas used in the generalised kernel are equally applicably to any other body-ordered descriptors and we demonstrate this for the (ACSF).
Excitation and detection of coherent sub-terahertz magnons in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic heterostructures
Authors: Zhuang Shihao , Hu Jia-Mian
Published: August 2022

Excitation of coherent high-frequency magnons (quanta of spin waves) is critical to the development of high-speed magnonic devices. Here we computationally demonstrate the excitation of coherent sub-terahertz (THz) magnons in ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) thin films by a photoinduced picosecond acoustic pulse. Analytical calculations are also performed to reveal the magnon excitation mechanism. Through spin pumping and spin-charge conversion, these magnons can inject sub-THz charge current into an adjacent heavy-metal film which in turn emits electromagnetic (EM) waves. Using a dynamical phase-field model that considers the coupled dynamics of acoustic waves, spin waves, and EM waves, we show that the emitted EM wave retains the spectral information of all the sub-THz magnon modes and has a sufficiently large amplitude for near-field detection. These predictions indicate that the excitation and detection of sub-THz magnons can be realized in rationally designed FM or AFM thin-film heterostructures via ultrafast optical-pump THz-emission-probe spectroscopy.
Nitrogen flow boiling and chilldown experiments in microgravity using pulse flow and low-thermally conductive coatings
Authors: Hartwig Jason , Chung J. N. , Dong Jun , Han Bo , Wang Hao , Darr Samuel , Taliaferro Matthew , Jain Shreykumar , Doherty Michael
Published: August 2022

The enabling of in-space cryogenic engines and cryogenic fuel depots for future manned and robotic space exploration missions begins with technology development of advanced cryogenic fluid management systems upstream in the propellant feed system. Before single-phase liquid can flow to the engine or customer spacecraft receiver tank, the connecting transfer line must first be chilled down to cryogenic temperatures. The most direct and simplest method to quench the line is to use the cold propellant itself. When a cryogenic fluid is introduced into a warm transfer system, two-phase flow quenching ensues. While boiling is well known to be a highly efficient mode of heat transfer, previous work has shown this efficiency is lowered in reduced gravity. Due to the projected cost of launching and storing cryogens in space, it is desired to perform this chilldown process using the least amount of propellant possible, especially given the desire for reusable systems and thus multiple transfers. This paper presents an assessment of two revolutionary new performance enhancements that reduce the amount of propellant consumed during chilldown while in a microgravity environment. Twenty-eight cryogenic transfer line chilldown experiments were performed onboard four parabolic flights to examine the independent as well as combined effect of using low thermally conductive coatings and pulse flow on the chilldown process. Across a range of Reynolds numbers, results show the combination significantly enhances performance in microgravity, with a reduction in consumed mass up to 75% relative to continuous flow for a bare transfer line.
Pandemic-scale phylogenomics reveals the SARS-CoV-2 recombination landscape
Authors: Turakhia Yatish , Thornlow Bryan , Hinrichs Angie , McBroome Jakob , Ayala Nicolas , Ye Cheng , Smith Kyle , De Maio Nicola , Haussler David , Lanfear Robert , Corbett-Detig Russell
Published: August 2022

Accurate and timely detection of recombinant lineages is crucial for interpreting genetic variation, reconstructing epidemic spread, identifying selection and variants of interest, and accurately performing phylogenetic analyses1–4. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, genomic data generation has exceeded the capacities of existing analysis platforms, thereby crippling real-time analysis of viral evolution5. Here, we use a new phylogenomic method to search a nearly comprehensive SARS-CoV-2 phylogeny for recombinant lineages. In a 1.6 million sample tree from May 2021, we identify 589 recombination events, which indicate that around 2.7% of sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes have detectable recombinant ancestry. Recombination breakpoints are inferred to occur disproportionately in the 3' portion of the genome that contains the spike protein. Our results highlight the need for timely analyses of recombination for pinpointing the emergence of recombinant lineages with the potential to increase transmissibility or virulence of the virus. We anticipate that this approach will empower comprehensive real-time tracking of viral recombination during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and beyond.
Ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3): a highly efficient and eco-friendly catalyst for one-pot synthesis of pyridines and 1,4-dihydropyridines
Authors: Rahimi Jamal , Niksefat Maryam , Heidari Marzieh , Naderi Mehdi , Abbasi Hadis , Tajik Ijdani Mohammad , Maleki Ali
Published: August 2022

In this study, we reported the ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) as an efficient, cost-effective, and mild catalyst for the synthesis of substituted pyridines via a one-pot pseudo four-component reaction. Furthermore, we investigated Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) synthesis and oxidation of 1,4-DHPs to their corresponding pyridines. The present approach offers a rapid methodology for accessing various pyridines with broad functional group tolerance and good yields using NH4VO3 catalyst as a green catalyst.
Dynamic changes in tooth displacement and bone morphometry induced by orthodontic force
Authors: Zong Chen , Van Dessel Jeroen , Vande Velde Greetje , Willems Guy , Cadenas de Llano-Pérula Maria
Published: August 2022

This study used a novel 3D analysis to longitudinally evaluate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and bone morphometry. Twelve-week-old male Wistar rats were subjected to OTM by applying a constant orthodontic force (OF) of 25cN between one of the upper first molars and a mini-screw. In vivo micro-CTs were taken before and after 10, 17, 24 and 31 days of force application, and superimposed by a novel and rigid voxel-based registration method. Then the tooth and alveolar bone segment at different time points became comparable in the same coordinate system, which facilitated the analysis of their dynamic changes in 3D. By comparison between time points and between OF and no OF sides, this study showed that the OTM rate was not constant through time, but conformed to a ‘V’ shape changing pattern. Besides, OF induced displacement of both loaded and unloaded teeth, and the latter mirrored the former in a delayed manner. In addition, bone morphometric changes synchronized with OTM rate changes, implying that a higher OTM rate was concomitant with more alveolar bone loss. The pressure and tension areas might not be in two opposite sides, but actually adjacent and connected. These findings might provide instructive evidence for both clinical, translational and basic research in orthodontics.
First report of F1534C kdr mutation in deltamethrin resistant Aedes albopictus from northern part of West Bengal, India
Authors: Modak Manas Pratim , Saha Dhiraj
Published: August 2022

Dengue is the most rapidly spreading vector-borne disease with an estimated 100–400 million cases each year. Control of Dengue vectors largely depends upon synthetic pyrethroids. Development of insecticide resistance inAedesmosquitoes however, poses severe threat to insecticide-based vector management programme. Mutations in the Voltage Gated Sodium Channel gene (vgsc) serve as the primary machinery behind this resistance development. InAedes albopictus, at least four such kdr (knock down resistance) mutations had already been documented. Here, we describe the occurrence of F1534C kdr mutation in wild population ofAe. albopictusfrom northern part of West Bengal, India including a novel T1520I mutation. Four populations ofAe. albopictusfrom the studied region were found resistant against DDT and synthetic pyrethroids, among them only one population possessed F1534C kdr mutation. A total of 200 successful amplification followed by partial sequencing ofvgscgene further revealed the presence of F1534C kdr mutation in both phenotypically susceptible and resistant mosquito specimen. Studied populations were found 81% homozygote susceptible (1534F/F), 12.5% heterozygote (1534F/C) and 6% homozygote resistant (1534C/C) for F1534C kdr mutation. The findings of the current study will help to uncover the mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance and hence to reduce errors in vector control measurements.
Pelagic distribution of plastic debris (> 500 µm) and marine organisms in the upper layer of the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Egger Matthias , Schilt Britte , Wolter Helen , Mani Thomas , de Vries Robin , Zettler Erik , Niemann Helge
Published: August 2022

At present, the distribution of plastic debris in the ocean water column remains largely unknown. Such information, however, is required to assess the exposure of marine organisms to plastic pollution as well as to calculate the ocean plastic mass balance. Here, we provide water column profiles (0–300 m water depth) of plastic (0.05–5 cm in size) concentration and key planktonic species from the eastern North Atlantic Ocean. The amount of plastic decreases rapidly in the upper few meters, from ~ 1 item/m3 (~ 1000 µg/m3) at the sea surface to values of ~ 0.001–0.01 items/m3 (~ 0.1–10 µg/m3) at 300 m depth. Ratios of plastic to plankton varied between ~ 10–5 and 1 plastic particles per individual with highest ratios typically found in the surface waters. We further observed that pelagic ratios were generally higher in the water column below the subtropical gyre compared to those in more coastal ecosystems. Lastly, we show plastic to (non-gelatinous) plankton ratios could be as high as ~ 102–107 plastic particles per individual when considering reported concentrations of small microplastics < 100 μm. Plastic pollution in our oceans may therefore soon exceed estimated safe concentrations for many pelagic species.
Daphnia magna and Gammarus pulex, novel promising agents for biomedical and agricultural applications
Authors: Khattab Abdelrahman M. , Abo-Taleb Hamdy A. , Abdelaziz Amer M. , El-Tabakh Mohamed A. M. , El-feky Mohamed M. M. , Abu-Elghait Mohammed
Published: August 2022

Various studies have shown the importance of using different types of Zooplankton biomasses as an additional substance in the diet of fish. In addition, the drainage water of the fish cultures could be used in plant irrigation. In this study, biomasses of water flea Daphnia magna and Gammarus pulex collected and tested, for the first time, their effect against pathogenic microorganisms and on plant germination. The results showed significant antibacterial activity of D. magna and G. pulex against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, as well as antifungal activity against Alternaria solani and Penicillium expansum, which gives the possibility to be used as biocontrol against these bacteria and plant pathogenic fungi. Furthermore, both animals showed positive activity in the germination rate of Vicia faba seed, reaching 83.0 ± 3.5 and 86.0 ± 3.8%, respectively. In conclusion, the biomasses of D. magna and G. pulex are promising and effective agents for their use in the medical field against some pathogenic microbes and as stimulators of plant growth.
Experimental investigation and ANN modelling on CO2 hydrate kinetics in multiphase pipeline systems
Authors: Shaik Nagoor Basha , Sayani Jai Krishna Sahith , Benjapolakul Watit , Asdornwised Widhyakorn , Chaitusaney Surachai
Published: August 2022

Gas hydrates are progressively becoming a key concern when determining the economics of a reservoir due to flow interruptions, as offshore reserves are produced in ever deeper and colder waters. The creation of a hydrate plug poses equipment and safety risks. No current existing models have the feature of accurately predicting the kinetics of gas hydrates when a multiphase system is encountered. In this work, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are developed to study and predict the effect of the multiphase system on the kinetics of gas hydrates formation. Primarily, a pure system and multiphase system containing crude oil are used to conduct experiments. The details of the rate of formation for both systems are found. Then, these results are used to develop an A.I. model that can be helpful in predicting the rate of hydrate formation in both pure and multiphase systems. To forecast the kinetics of gas hydrate formation, two ANN models with single layer perceptron are presented for the two combinations of gas hydrates. The results indicated that the prediction models developed are satisfactory as R2 values are close to 1 and M.S.E. values are close to 0. This study serves as a framework to examine hydrate formation in multiphase systems.
Urban–rural disparity of social vulnerability to natural hazards in Australia
Authors: Wang Siqin , Zhang Mengxi , Huang Xiao , Hu Tao , Sun Qian Chayn , Corcoran Jonathan , Liu Yan
Published: August 2022

Assessing vulnerability to natural hazards is at the heart of hazard risk reduction. However, many countries such as Australia lack measuring systems to quantity vulnerability for hazard risk evaluation. Drawing on 41 indicators from multiple data sources at the finest spatial unit of the Australian census, we re-forged the Cutter’s classic vulnerability measuring framework by involving the ‘4D’ quantification of built environment (diversity, design, density and distance), and constructed the first nationwide fine-grained measures of vulnerability for urban and rural locales, respectively. Our measures of vulnerability include five themes—(1) socioeconomic status; (2) demographics and disability; (3) minority and languages; (4) housing characteristics; and (5) built environment—that were further used to assess the inequality of vulnerability to three widely affected natural hazards in Australia (wildfires, floods, and earthquakes). We found the inequality of vulnerability in the affected areas of the three hazards in eight capital cities are more significant than that of their rural counterparts. The most vulnerable areas in capital cities were peri-urban locales which must be prioritised for hazard adaptation. Our findings contribute to the risk profiling and sustainable urban–rural development in Australia, and the broad understanding of place-based risk reduction in South Hemisphere.
Postoperative radiotherapy to the neck for pN1 status HNSCC patients after neck dissection
Authors: Wang Jia , Su Xuan , Zhang Xing , Chen Wenkuan , Li Jibin , Yang Zhongyuan , Li Xiyuan , Chen Jingtao , Zhang Ying , Chen Shuwei , Song Ming
Published: August 2022

The significance of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) to the neck for pN1 status head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) after neck dissection is unclear. A total of 208 patients with pN1 status HNSCC treated from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2014, were enrolled in the current study. The 5-year regional recurrence-free survival (RRFS), overall survival (OS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were compared between patients with or without PORT to the dissected neck. Moreover, the stratified Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between PORT to the neck and survival before and after propensity score matching. Seventy-nine patients received PORT to the neck, while 129 did not. All patients were followed for over 5 years, with a median follow-up duration of 64.6 months. The PORT group did not show better survival results than the group without PORT to the neck in RRFS, OS or DMFS. Moreover, no evidence showed that PORT to the neck was independently associated with 5-year survival. PORT to the neck for pN1 status HNSCC after neck dissection did not lead to better survival. However, it is necessary to conduct prospective randomized clinical trials to confirm these results.