bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Astreinte in Civil Proceedings: Challenging Issues of Law Enforcement
Authors:   Lawyer, Ivanov Evgeniy I.
Published: November 2020

The article examines judicial practice on the issues of awarding a judicial penalty (astreinte), a new legal institution for the domestic legal system. Judicial acts are based on a generalization of the jurisprudence of general jurisdiction courts and arbitration courts from 2015 to 2019. Some problems of the practical implementation of the institution of judicial penalty in Russian civil proceeding are analyzed.
The Use of Information Technology by an Attorney in the Course of Legal Assistance in Court
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Legal Postgraduate School of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (NRU HSE), Naumov Viktor V.
Published: November 2020

This article expresses the results of a comprehensive scientific research: 1) classification of information tools used in arbitration and civil proceedings; 2) identified problematic aspects of the use of legal reference systems and automated information retrieval systems, identified the importance of use the automated systems within the lawyer’s request; 3) analyzed the features of the use of videoconferencing systems by a lawyer; 4) the problematic aspect of the preservation of attorney secrecy was found when using EDS within the SAS “Electronic Justice”. The study is based on doctrinal sources (russian and foreign), concepts of the Government of the Russian Federation, intra-judicial administrative acts and corporate norms of the intra-legal community.
Usage of an Agreement Design Wizard in Agrarian Law Study as an Interactive Learning Method
Authors:   Assistant Professor of the Department of Entrepreneurial Law of the Law Institute of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Candidate of Legal Sciences, Popova Olga V.
Published: November 2020

Purpose. The article describes the use of one of the interactive methods of teaching: the constructor of contracts in practical classes on Agrarian Law. Methodology: on the basis of the system analysis of scientific literature and practical experience of the author the conclusion about the need to reduce the contact work with the student to increase the efficiency of independent work of students and interactive technologies. Summary. The contract designer is considered as one of the ways of mastering the competence of application of normative legal acts, implementation of the norms of substantive law in professional activity and skills of preparation of legal documents. Scientific and practical significance. The author’s conclusions can be useful in teaching Agricultural Law in the construction of lessons based on the constructor method of treaties for the study of other types of contracts: supplies, contract, etc. This technology helps to engage students in the educational process, is of interest to the subject, is assessed as practically useful.
Transformation of the Civil Right to the Freedom of Expression in the Internet
Authors:   Assistant Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law of the Tyumen State University, Ivanova Ksenia A.
Published: November 2020

Purpose. The purpose of the scientific article is to study the modern information society, as well as to consider the conditions for the development of global information and communication networks, the global information exchange system. The author has studied the current legal regulation of freedom of speech to achieve this goal. Methodology. The article applies general scientific methods of system analysis and synthesis, as well as private scientific methods: comparative, sociological. The use of methods of analysis and synthesis will determine the key scientific concepts for research. In addition, an institutional research method will be used. On its basis, in particular, the originality of the forms of regulation of the right to freedom of opinion has been revealed; specificity of regulation of restrictions of this right. The article concludes that the existing regulation does not correspond to the level of development of public relations. The fact that there are no legal instruments that can prevent the falsification of information in the media indicates that there are problems in ensuring the right of citizens to freedom of expression in cyberspace, which ensures the relevance of the study. Scientific and practical significance. Within the framework of the research, a complex scientific theoretical and legal analysis of the constitutional and legal category “the right of citizens to freedom of opinion” in cyberspace was carried out; a comparison of Russian and foreign legislation. Results. It was suggested that the concept of the right to freedom of opinion in cyberspace be structured into separate elements. Following the logic of the proposed classification, the author proposes the main directions of improving the legal regulation of this right. The significance of the study is made by proposals to improve Russian legislation in the sphere of securing the right of citizens to freedom of opinion, as well as further development of mechanisms for the realization of this right in cyberspace.
Theorising ‘Harm’ in Relation to Children’s Work
Authors: Maconachie Roy , Howard Neil , Bock Rosilin
Published: November 2020

A central and implicit issue that shapes the present political and institutional consensus surrounding child labour is the notion of harm. Although efforts to address children’s work rest firmly on assumptions about what is harmful, no coherent theory of harm exists. In this paper, we critically explore ‘harm’ in the context of children’s work and call for a more situated and nuanced approach, incorporating ‘subjective’ and ‘objective’ dimensions. Such an approach has important implications for future research and policy action.
Modern Slavery Prevention and Responses in Myanmar: An Evidence Map
Authors: Yunus Raudah Mohd , Oosterhoff Pauline , Jensen Charity , Pocock Nicola , Somerwell Francis
Published: November 2020

This Emerging Evidence Report describes the availability of evidence on modern slavery interventions in Myanmar presented in the programme's interactive Evidence Map. This report on Myanmar uses the same methodology and complements the evidence map on interventions to tackle trafficking, child and forced labour in South Asia for Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. The Evidence Map provides an outline of where evidence is concentrated and where it is missing by mapping out existing and ongoing impact evaluations and observational studies exploring different types of modern slavery interventions and outcomes for specific target populations (survivors, employers, landlords, service providers, criminal justice officials) and at different levels (individual, community, state). It also identifies key ‘gaps’ in evidence. Both the Evidence Map and this report foremost target the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) and its partners in the CLARISSA research programme to support evidence-informed policymaking on innovations to reduce the worst forms of child labour. We hope that it is also useful to academics and practitioners working to address modern slavery, or in the intervention areas and locations described.
The Impact of Intergovernmental Transfers on Fiscal Behaviour of Local Governments in Ethiopia
Authors: Dejene Mamo Bekana
Published: November 2020

This paper examines the effect of intergovernmental fiscal transfers on the fiscal behaviour of local governments in Ethiopia for the period 2004-2018. The empirical findings suggest that central government grants bolster state-level employment and expenditure. However, grants from the central government to states do not crowd out state-level revenue collection. Hence, this paper argues that fiscal decentralisation in Ethiopia has mostly, at least in theory, taken the form of devolution of the power to tax and spend public money. However, on average state-level revenue can only finance up to 26 per cent of their annual expenditure. As a result, fiscal federalism in Ethiopia appears to be a form of delegation of spending responsibilities. It has to be considered in the context of a decentralised tax system, but with a transfer scheme and political hierarchy. The results are found to be robust to alternative econometric estimation techniques.
Vozes ocultas: entre a invisibilidade social e os direitos humanos
Authors: Godoy Luciana Cristina , Polizel Gisele Zanardi , Vasconcelos Valéria Oliveira de
Published: November 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados de uma investigação e reflexões sobre alguns saberes, experiências e valores sociais de profissionais que atuam na indústria da carne, exercendo a função de açougueiro. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida como um exercício de pesquisa etnográfica, vinculada à disciplina acadêmica “Educação como Cultura”, do curso de Mestrado em Educação do Centro Universitário Salesiano de São Paulo (UNISAL), em Americana-SP. A metodologia adotada utilizou técnicas e procedimentos de coleta de dados associados à pesquisa etnográfica. É a interação sistemática de pesquisadores nos espaços de trabalho de cinco açougueiros, a partir da observação direta, de conversas informais, seguidasda aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados indicam que, embora a maioria dos entrevistados declare não se reconhecer socialmente invisível, apon- tando a importância de seus conhecimentos nas práticas sociais, a análise de seus discursos contradiz em alguns aspectos suas falas quando questionadas sobre a forma como a sociedade compreende suas práticas sociais e educacionais. Infere-se que, em decorrência de um modelo civilizatório eurocêntrico-colonial, existe um preconceito velado em relação a essa profissão, o que se evidencia na constituição das subjetividades dos sujeitos envolvidos na pesquisa.
Metodologias ativas de ensino: taxonomia de Bloom e gamificação empregadas no ensino de engenharia
Authors: Santos Ramon Oliveira Borges dos , De Amorim Emiliana Bastos
Published: November 2020

Este trabalho apresenta um caráter teórico que auxilia na contribuição para o ensino da engenharia utilizando metodologias ativas que estão sendo a tendência nos dias atuais. As metodologias ativas apresentadas neste artigo vêm ganhando notoriedade no cenário educacional de ensino superior, quais sejam: a taxonomia de Bloom e a gamificação. A taxonomia de objetivos educacionais desenvolvidapor Bloom visa orientar docentes em como transmitir o conhecimento para os alunos de maneira clara e eficiente, atuando com os domínios cognitivos, afetivo e psicomotor. A gamificação se apresenta neste trabalho como uma forma de avaliação nos dias atuais e é uma técnica amplamente aceita em indústrias para treinar e qualificar operários, sendo sua principal vantagem estimular os alunos a aprender por meio de jogos que cativem e os façam interagir com o game. Trata-se de assuntos importantes e imprescindíveis para qualquer curso de exatas, principalmente os cursos de engenharias, que atualmente apresentam um grandenúmero de evasão por parte dos alunos.
AGROECOLOGIA E DA EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO
Authors: Lima Viviane Cristina Silva , Caetano Rodrigo da Costa
Published: November 2020

Os princípios da Educação do Campo estão assentados nas lutas dos movimentos sociais camponeses por uma educação que valorize as culturas dos sujeitos que vivem e se reproduzem no meio rural em suas perspectivas. Nesse contexto, a agroecologia tem emergido como uma bandeira das Escolas Famílias Agrícolas (EFAs), posto que concilia conhecimentos populares às práticas agrícolas, valoriza a identidade territorial camponesa e oportuniza melhor qualidade de vida desses sujeitos. Diante do exposto, no presente texto, objetiva-se analisar as experiências educativas da EFA de Jacaré e seu viés agroecológico, enquanto possibilidade de alavancar a produção familiar, promovendo as sustentabilidades das localidades contempladas pela escola. A EFA de Jacaré está localizada no estado de Minas Gerais, na região conhecida como Vale do Jequitinhonha. No percurso da metodologia compreensiva, adotaram-se a observação empírica, a abordagem qualitativa e o estudo de caso, somando-se aos pressupostos teórico-conceituais de referências importantes para o desenvolvimento das temáticas aludidas. A pesquisa revelou que a imersão na realidade dos estudantes é a estratégia a ser seguida rumo à transformação da escola em prol das comunidades locais
Analisis Kualitas Layanan Rumah Susun Sederhana Sewa (Rusunawa) Semeru dengan Menggunakan Metode Importance Performance Analysis (IPA)
Authors: Mawardi Yovita Inggar , Wulandari Ratri , Istiqomah Gusti Kinanti Wahyu , Susila Rheynaldi Lintang , Hendriavi Aulia Ilecsi
Published: November 2020

Perumahan merupakan kebutuhan dasar yang sangat penting bagi kelangsungan hidup masyarakat. Perumahan dan permukiman yang bagus dapat meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan pemerataan kesejahteraan rakyat. pengadaan rumah susun adalah  salah satu alternatif untuk menangani permasalahan kebutuhan perumahan dan permukiman yang ada di kota yang cenderung memiliki peningkatan penduduk yang cukup pesat. Rumah susun merupakan solusi alternatif yang cukup efektif karena pembangunan rumah susun dapat menghemat penggunaan tanah, membuat peremajaan kota bagi daerah yang kumuh, dan memberikan bantuan terhadap Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah. Kebutuhan hunia untuk masyarakat yang berpenghasilan rendah (MBR) semakin terua meningkat, untuk mengatasi permasalahan hunian bagi masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah, salah satu kebijakan dan strategi Pemerintah Kota Probolinggo dalam membantu masyarakat untuk menyediakan tempat tinggal bagi keluarga kurang mampu adalah dengan adanya penyediaan Rumah Susun (Rusunawa) Semeru. Dengan adanya Rusunawa diharapkan mampu memberikan hunian yang nyaman dan layak untuk bisa meningkatkan kualitas hidup penghuni Rusunawa. Namun, fungsi dari rusunawa tersebut kenyataannya belum tercapai karena hanya melihat bentuk fisik dari rusunawa tanpa melihat persepsi dan kebutuhan sarana prasarana dari penghuni. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa terdapat variabel – variabel sarana prasarana yang belum optimal dikarenakan tidak terawat dan pengelolaannya masih belum optimal, berdasarkan analisis tingkat kepuasan masyarakat penghuni rusunawa dihasilkan strategi untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan. Dengan strategi tersebut diharapakan bisa terealisasi dan dapat menunjang keberlangsungan kehidupan yang lebih baik lagi untuk penghuni Rusunawa Semeru.
OPPORTUNITIES AND RESTRICTIONS OF SOCIO-PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITY IN THE COUNTRYSIDE
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky, Gushchina Tatiyana N.
Published: November 2020

The relevance of the research materials presented in the article is determined by the need to organize high-quality socio-pedagogical activities to form and develop students’ social competence in rural society. This type of activity in rural school as one of the main institutions of students’ socialization involves the creation of pedagogical conditions that contribute to the social adaptation, social integration and social autonomy of young people. The article considers possibilities and restrictions of sociopedagogical activity taking into account the peculiarities of students’ socialization in rural society. The results of aerobatic socio-pedagogical study of potentials and limitations of socio-pedagogical activity in rural areas are presented, which was carried out in 2020 in three educational organizations of Nekrasovsky and Yaroslavsky districts of the Yaroslavl region,. The study involved 398 respondents, including 140 two rural schools, 217 parents of students of two rural schools and pupils of one rural preschool educational organization, 41 teachers and seven leadership personnel of these educational organizations. The results of the work of four focus groups of the problem group «Modern problems of rural schoolchildren’s socialization in modern conditions and ways to solve them» of the interregional laboratory «Pedagogy in rural school» of the Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Education at Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky are presented. The interest of all categories of respondents to the problem of the development of integrated social and pedagogical activities in the countryside and the interest of students’ parents, teachers and leaders in the implementation of interaction with organizations and institutions of rural society was revealed. The study showed the «reference points for the development» of sociopedagogical activities in the countryside, updated the problem of the need for systematic coordinated socio-pedagogical activities in rural society, studying its capabilities and limitations, improving the forms and methods of organizing this type of activity (sociopedagogical complexes, coordination councils, headquarters, socio-pedagogical monitoring, etc.), as well as the need to prepare specialists for high-quality support of socio-pedagogical activities in rural society.
Interpretation of Detection SARS Cov-2 in Semen
Authors: Cennikon Pakpahan  , Agustinus  , Aucky Hinting
Published: November 2020

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus with a high virulence which cause SARS-CoV-2, a disease with potentially dangerous implications for human health and pandemic. The involvement of other organs in the spread of this virus is still being debated. Considering the presence of (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2) and Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in the reproductive organs including male reproduction,the male reproductive system possiblity for spreading SARS-CoV-2 should be studied. Reviews: Five studies were reveal the presence of SARS-CoV2 in semen. The reported results are inconsistent. Some of these studies also used unclear methods and procedures, which led to bias in the final results. Ongoing studies are needed to confirm the definite findings before specific recommendations can be made for further management. Summary: There is no definite interpretation of whether SARS-CoV-2 spreads through semen, but protection is still needed when it comes into contact with the semen.
Correlation Between Diabetes Mellitus and Clinical Outcome of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Underwent Percutaneus Coronary Intervention Therapy in Dr Soetomo Surabaya Hospital
Authors: Alanna Sari Pratikto  , I Gde Rurus Suryawan  , Andrianto  , Purwo Sri Rejeki
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Coronary heart diseases continue to be the rising cause of mortality amongst Indonesian population, alongside with the increasing number of diabetic patients. The first line management of ACS is percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), however previous have shown that diabetic patients have worse outcomes after therapy compared to non-diabetic patients. This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes between acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with diabetes and those without diabetes following percutaneus coronary intervention therapy.

Methods: This study used cross sectional observational approach collecting records of ACS patients that underwent percutaneous coronary intervention in RSUD Dr Soetomo Surabaya from January 2018 to December 2019. Data regarding a patient’s age, gender, diabetic status, location of lesion, revascularization status, and clinical outcome were collected. Those with missing or incomplete data were excluded from the study. A total of 55 patients were included and analyzed,

Results: amongst 55 patients that underwent PCI observed, 23 were diabetic and 32 were non-diabetic. Study has shown that diabetic patients have higher mortality rate compared to those without diabetes (6 patients vs. 1 patient, p=0,072) however based on the result analysis the p value of >0,05 showed no significant relationship between patients’ diabetic status and the clinical outcome following PCI therapy. Study has also shown that diabetic patients are more likely to undergo staged PCI (56,5%), than total revascularization PCI.

Conclusion: Study has found that diabetic ACS has a higher mortality rate compared to those without diabetes, however analitycal studies found no significant relationship between the two variables. Further studies should be performed with higher number of patients to accurately investigate the relationship between diabetes melitus and PCI outcomes.
Phytopharmacological Evaluation of Alcoholic Extract of
Berberis aristata Leaf in the Treatment of Gastric Ulcer
Authors: Singh Ratnaker , Trilochana Y.
Published: November 2020

For over a century, peptic ulcer has been one of the most common gastrointestinal tract
(GIT) disorder. There are number of drugs are now available for treatment. Drugs of herbal origin
reduce the offensive factors and have proved to be safe, clinically effective, relatively less expensive,
globally competitive, and with better patient tolerance.This study was performed to assess the anti-ulcer
activity on different parts of B.aristata. Apart from that, acute toxicity, qualitative chemical analysis,
total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content(TFC) and in vitro antioxidant activities were
evaluated. The potentially active plant part was selected for screening as gastro protective, in vivo
antioxidant and antisecretory activities in ulcerated rats.The 50% ethanolic extract of B. aristata were
subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, estimation of TFC and TPC. The crude extract from
the leaves of B. aristata gave best antiulcer activity among flower and stem. In acute toxicity studies,
the administration of the crude extract of B. aristata leaves did not reveal any adverse effects or
toxicity in rats at fourteen days observations.The results of these studies have shown that ethylexract of
B.aristata leaf (EEBAL) produced a significant dose dependent ulcerprotective, antioxidant and
antisecretory activity by blocking the activity of proton pump, protecting from antioxidants produced
during stress induced ulcer and by enhancing glycoprotein levels.
Liquid Chromatographic Methods for Anti-tubercular Agents:
An Overview
Authors: Bairagee Deepika
Published: November 2020

The aim of this review is to summarise the different analytical and bioanalytical
methods used to determine the concentration of anti-tubercular agents from last few years. As
we know that tuberculosis is a life threatening disease and second to HIV in terms of deaths due
to infectious diseases. Drug resistance development of the first-line drugs is a most important
concern in the cure of this disease. There is no comprehensive and critical review in the
literature for the analytical and bioanalytical methods for the determination of ant-tubercular
agents from last few years. So this work provides the detailed account on the chromatographic
methods reported in the literature for the estimation of various ant-tubercular drugs.
Trauma Analysis Related Injury Severity Score (Triss) in
Predicting the Prognosis of Politrauma Patients in Adam
Malik General Hospital
Authors: Gunawan Rahmad , Rahmadhany Heru , Winanto Iman Dwi
Published: November 2020

Objective : The purposeofthis study wastoanalyzetheabilityof TRISS in predictingthe
prognosis ofpolytraumapatients in the Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan, January 2016
toDecember 2018.
Material and Method : This type of research is an analytic study with cross sectional design,
which is a study by measuring independent variables and dependent variables at the same time,
which aims to analyze the ability of TRISS in predicting the prognosis of patients in Haji Adam
Malik General Hospital Medan January 2016 to December 2018.
Results : From January 2016 - December 2018, a total 175 polytrauma patients which mostly
was adult patient (>18 y.o) observed. Based on sex, referral status and diagnosis, patients with
polytrauma dominated in patients with male sex(143 patients), referred patient (68patients) and
diagnosed with head injury (29 patients).
Conclusion : There is an influence between TRISS Score on the prognosis of polytrauma
patients.
Epidemiology of Osteosarcoma : Single Center Study in
Indonesia
Authors: Kalim David , Andriandi
Published: November 2020

Objective- To assess osteosarcoma epidemiology in Haji Adam Malik General
Hospital. Material and Methods- This study is a retrospective descriptive study with a crosssectional
approach. Patient with musculoskeletal tumour (especially osteosarcoma) in Haji
Adam Malik Hospital from January 2012 to Desember 2017 period, got their age, gender,
musculoskeletal tumour type, biopsy result, tumour sites, treatment completion, metastasis and
amputation status recorded from their medical record. Result-Primary bone tumors is the most
cases and found in 50% of musculoskeletal tumors followed by soft tissue tumors and
metastatic bone disease. Male (60%) have slightly higher prevalence than female in (40%). The
incidence of primary bone tumors shows osteosarcoma, GCT, and osteochondroma are in the
top three with 63%, 13%, and 6% respectively. Specifically for osteosarcoma, male and female
have 1.9 : 1 prevalence ratio. The most common sites for osteosarcoma is distal the femur
(45%) and proximal tibia (29%). About 63% of patients undergo complete treatment and with
55% recorded with metastasis in the first diagnosis and amputation was performed in 89% of
patients. Conclusion- Primary bone tumors dominate the data with 50% for musculoskeletal
tumors followed by 31% soft tissue tumors and 19% metastatic bone disease. The incidence of
musculoskeletal tumors shows that men are slightly higher than women in 60% and 40%. The
incidence of primary bone tumors shows osteosarcoma, giant cell tumor, and osteochondroma
are in the top three with 63%, 13%, and 6% respectively.
Analytical Method development and Validation of Lamivudine
in Formulation by using Reversed Phase Ultra Performance
Liquid Chromatography
Authors: kumar Anshul , Majee Chandana , Namdev Vivek
Published: November 2020

Aim of the experiment was to develop a simple, specific and accurate reverse phase
ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method for the determination of lamivudine
in the tablet dosage forms. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Acquity UPLC
HSST3 (2.1 x 100mm) 1.8 um particle size and the mobile phase containing 0.1%TFA: MeOH
for lamivudine. The run time was 10 min and the retention time of lamivudine was about 4.6.
The detection was carried out 215nm using photo diode array detector (PDA) with a flow rate
0.6 ml/min. The linearity of lamivudine with correlation coefficient 0.9998. The recovery was
found in the range (100±10%). The developed method was validated as per International
Conference on Harmonization guidelines (ICH) with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy,
method precision, system precision, solution stability and robustness
Pharmacognostical Investigation of Andrographis paniculata
(Green Chiretta) and Crystallization of the Bioactive
component Andrographolide
Authors: Dsouza Myrene R. , Athoibi Sapam , Prabha Shashi
Published: November 2020

Andrographis paniculata (Family: Acanthaceae) is one the most commonly used
ethno-medicinal plants in certain parts of Asia and European countries. The phytochemical
analysis of the leaves of A. paniculata in aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, hydromethanolic
(1:1) and hydroethanolic (1:1) extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, amino acid,
alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, xanthoproteins and phenols.
The total phenolic, flavonoid contents and FRAP values were found to be highest in the
hydromethanolic extract i.e., 0.23 ± 0.008 mg GAE/g of FWt, 0.031± 0.00 mg QE/g FWt
and1.261 ± 0.03 mM FeSO4 respectively. Invitro antioxidant capacity by linear regression
analysis was measured by assaying DPPH radical and H2O2 scavenging capacities. The
respective IC50 values of the hydromethanolic extract of the plant were found to be 86.51
μg/ml and 298.27 μg/ml. The IC50 values for in vitro anti-inflammatory activities were
evaluated by heat induced protein denaturation (IC50 diclofenac = 574.06 μg/ml, IC50 APE = 179.7
μg/ml) and RBC membrane stabilization assay (IC50 diclofenac = 337.64 μg/ml, IC50 APE = 143.07
μg/ml). The IC50 values for in vitro anti-diabetic activities were evaluated by α-amylase
inhibition (IC50 acarbose = 379.71 μg/ml, IC50 APE = 328.54 μg/ml). In addition, glucose diffusion
was also monitored. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was studied against common
pathogens using well diffusion method. The purification of Andrographolide was carried out
using different physical separation techniques such as extraction and crystallization followed
by drying.
Proanthocyanidins and Flavan-3-ols in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis - Immunomodulatory Effects, Animal and Clinical Studies
Authors: Nawrot-Hadzik Izabela , Matkowski Adam , Kubasiewicz-Ross Paweł , Hadzik Jakub
Published: November 2020

This paper continues the review study on antimicrobial properties relevant to the periodontal diseases. Inflammation as a major response of the periodontal tissues attacked by pathogenic microbes can significantly exacerbate the condition. However, the bidirectional activity of phytochemicals that simultaneously inhibit bacterial proliferation and proinflammatory signaling can provide a substantial alleviation of both cause and symptoms. The modulatory effects on various aspects of inflammatory and overall immune response has been covered, including confirmed and postulated mechanisms of action, structure activity relationships and molecular targets. Further, the clinical relevance of flavan-3-ols and available outcomes from clinical studies has been analyzed and discussed. Among the numerous natural sources of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins the most promising are, similarly to antibacterial properties, constituents of various foods, such as fruits of Vaccinium species, tea leaves, grape seeds, and tannin-rich medicinal herbs. Despite a vast amount of in vitro and cell-based evidence of immunomodulatory there is still much less studies using animal models and only a few clinical studies. Most of the studies, regardless of the used model indicated efficiency of these phytochemicals from cranberries and other Vaccinium species and tea extracts (green or black). Other sources such as grape seeds and traditional medicinal plants, were seldom. In conclusion, the potential of flavan-3-ols and their derivatives in prevention and alleviation of periodontitis is remarkable but clinical evidence is urgently needed for issuing credible dietary recommendation and complementary treatments.
An Investigation of The Behavior of Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (SHCC) Obtained in a Split Hopkinson Tension Bar and the Influence of Structural Inertia
Authors: A. Heravi Ali , Ožbolt Joško , Mechtcherine Viktor
Published: November 2020

The performance of a normal-strength SHCC under impact loading was studied using the results obtained from a split Hopkinson tension bar (SHTB). The focus of the investigation is to explain the mechanisms behind the peculiar rate-dependent behavior of SHCC under tensile loading. With the help of frames obtained by high-speed cameras and the subsequent Digital Image Correlation (DIC) analysis, the stress-strain relation of the SHCC obtained in SHTB was analyzed. The investigation of the composite’s behavior was supported by constituent-level experiments on the non-reinforced matrix of the SHCC and on the fiber-matrix bond. In the case of the constituent matrix, the well-known apparent increase in the tensile strength of the cement-based matrix and its influence on the behavior of SHCC was studied. For this purpose, experiments on the SHCC specimens with different geometries were performed in the SHTB. The results obtained from these experiments and those obtained by DIC show that commonly used analytical models, in which the specimen is assumed elastic, cannot capture the effects of structural inertia on the results. Thus, an alternative novel method based on the results of DIC has been used to explain and quantify the contribution of structural inertia. The rate-dependent behavior of the fiber-matrix bond was studied by performing high-speed single fiber pullout tests in a miniaturized split Hopkinson tension bar. This novel experimental technique enabled explanation of the rate-dependent bridging action of the fibers in SHCC. Based on the results, the enhanced behavior of SHCC under impact loading is explained.
Do Donors Provide Higher AfT Flows to Recipient-Countries that Diversify Export Products or Is It the Other Way Around?
Authors: Gnangnon Sena Kimm
Published: November 2020

This article has explored whether Aid for Trade (AfT) flows that accrue to recipient-countries depend on the latter's level of export product concentration. The analysis covers a sample of 133 countries over the period 2002-2017. The findings indicate that least developed countries (LDCs) receive higher AfT flows when they experience a rise in the level of export product concentration, while NonLDCs enjoy higher AfT flows when they diversify export products. Interestingly, higher amounts of AfT accrue to countries that diversify their export product basket towards manufacturing products, although different result patterns appear for the components of manufactured exports.
Impact of cost stickiness on financial disclosure quality: A study in the Saudi Arabian context
Authors: Ahmed Hashed Abdullah Abdulwahid
Published: November 2020

The study examines the association between the disclosure quality and cost stickiness in the Saudi Arabian context. The influence of accounting information on the decisions of different stakeholders gives a clear idea of the importance of this accounting information and its reporting. Annual accounting reports form the final stage of the disclosure process. Moreover, the recognition of different types of costs is an important issue in cost and management accounting. Submitting quality annual reports has always been an interesting concern to different stakeholders of a company. The study sample consists of 102 companies listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange Tadawul between 2009 and 2018. The study uses pooled OLS to investigate the association between financial disclosure and cost stickiness. The relationship of financial reporting quality with the cost of goods sold is negative, positive with the sales cost, and positive and insignificant with administrative costs. The study concludes that variables related to sticky costs affect financial quality disclosures. The impact of sticky cost variables on the quality of disclosures is different due to the transition policies adopted by the Saudi Arabian economy.
DESENVOLVIMENTO NOS MÉTODOS DE GLICOSILAÇÃO: UMA CHAVE PARA ACESSAR SUAS APLICAÇÕES NA SÍNTESE DE MOLÉCULAS BIOATIVAS
Authors: Souza Neto Pedro , Guimarães Bruna , Freitas Jucleiton , Oliveira Ronaldo , Freitas Filho João
Published: November 2020

DEVELOPMENT IN GLYCOSYLATION METHODS: A KEY TO ACCESS ITS APPLICATIONS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF BIOACTIVE MOLECULES. Glycosylation reaction is an important class of reactions in organic chemistry, and the development of the method contributes to the synthesis of many biologically active compounds containing various glycoside bonds. Is arguably the most important, albeit challenging, reaction in the field of carbohydrate chemistry. Examples of the products of glycosylation reactions are glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosaminoglycans, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Glycosylation types are classified according to the identity of the atom which binds the carbohydrate chain, i.e. C-linked, N-linked, O-linked or S-linked. In this short review, recent reports of the main glycosylation methods, basic mechanisms, factors influencing the stereoselectivity and their applications in the synthesis of bioactive molecules are described.
Reliability analysis of railway freight car wheelset based on Birnbaunm-Saunders fatigue life distribution
Authors: Zhang Yaxuan , An Ziliang , Lu Mingxu , Meng Qingbiao
Published: November 2020

Among the running faults of railway freight cars, wheelset faults still occupy a very large proportion in all operation faults. These faults seriously affect and threaten the operation safety of railway freight cars. Focusing on the data of the operating mileage of C80 wheelset, application of the two-parameter Birnbaunm-Saunders (BS) fatigue life distribution and the Weibull distribution are introduced and reviewed for analyzing the data of three high-risk wheelset faults, namely the wheel diameter difference, the circumferential wear of the tread and the location depression of tread. The analysis results show that the application of BS fatigue life distribution in the prediction of wheelset reliability is feasible.
Triple resonances involving two frequencies in the motor frequency conversion start phase
Authors: Li Bai-Zhou , Wu Hui-Min , Cai Lan-Rong
Published: November 2020

A rigid body model of torsional vibration of stator and rotor coupling system excited by electromagnetic force of motor is established in this paper. Energy method is introduced to solve the nonlinear vibration of the coupling system. Based on the linear part of the kinetic energy, potential energy and air gap magnetic field energy, the Lagrange function is obtained. And then, the Lagrange-Maxwell equation is used to solve natural characteristics. The nonlinear part is used to derive the nonlinear vibration equations of coupling system in torsional vibration modes. With numerical calculation, considering the triple resonances involving two natural frequencies, the influences of tuning parameters, damping coefficient and magnetic flux-density on resonance characteristics are illustrated and analyzed by the frequency-response curves. The results provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent calculation.
Optimal 5R parallel leg design for quadruped robot gait cycle
Authors: D. Ratolikar Mangesh , R Prasanth Kumar
Published: November 2020

This paper presents the design of optimal dimensions for a two degrees of freedom parallel mechanism used in quadruped for walking application. Serial linkages or open link mechanisms have less stiffness and poor dynamic performance, thus parallel mechanisms were developed. Many researchers have used symmetrical parallel leg for quadruped walking but force requirements are different in forward and return stroke, thus unsymmetrical parallel leg may be optimal. Using genetic algorithm, optimum link length values are obtained and the corresponding peak torque is also found.
Shungite application for treatment of drinking water – is it the right choice?
Authors: Jurgelane Inga , Locs Janis
Published: November 2020

Shungite is a natural carbon containing material that is widely used in water treatment. Scientific research shows that shungite has good adsorption properties towards various organic compounds and heavy metals, as well as exhibiting antibacterial properties. Unfortunately, at the same time shungite releases various chemical elements into the water, including heavy metals. In this study changes in concentration of various heavy metals during drinking water treatment with one commercial and one non-commercial shungite sample were determined. Also sorption of Cu(II) with initial concentration of 2,500 μg/L onto shungite was investigated. The results showed that various heavy metals like nickel, copper, lead, cadmium, zinc, chromium and arsenic are leaching from shungite into water. Lead and cadmium exceeded the maximum acceptable concentration in drinking water for a few days, but nickel exceeded for up to 2 weeks. At the same time shungite showed good adsorption properties towards copper. Nevertheless, before using shungite in drinking water treatment, it would be advisable to assess the necessity and/or wash shungite with larger volumes of water for a longer period of time than is written in the instructions.
Assessment of immunohematological, hematological and biochemical responses in cultivable fish Cyprinus carpio exposed to an antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX)
Authors: Iftikhar Nazish , Hashmi Imran
Published: November 2020

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a member of the sulfonamides group of antibiotics which is used extensively in aquaculture throughout the world. In this study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was used as the bioindicator to assess the toxicity potential of SMX. Effects were based on chronic toxicity of environmentally relevant dosages of 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/L of SMX for 28 days. Cytotoxicity through hematology and biochemistry showed a dose–response relationship. Numerous variations were recorded in blood profile and biochemical parameters in SMX-exposed groups when compared to control. Hemoglobin, platelet, and erythrocyte levels were significantly decreased. Leukocyte level was significantly increased with values ranging from 131 to 303 (×103/μL). Changes in biochemical indices: glucose, total protein, and triglycerides showed biphasic trend, but alanine transaminase secretion was significantly increased from 25.13 to 204 U/L at higher concentration compared to control, suggesting liver damage. Spectrophotometric nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay showed that respiratory burst activity increased as a function of SMX dose and exposure time (0.48–1.33 absorbance) ultimately leading to reduction in immunity. The present study highlights that prolonged exposure of SMX affects biochemistry, hematology, and immunohematology of fish and these biomarkers act as an effective tool for environmental risk assessment of drugs in the aquatic environment.
Irrigation water pricing policies and water resources management
Authors: Parween Fakeha , Kumari Pratibha , Singh Ajai
Published: November 2020

As water is a state subject in India, an enormous variation of irrigation water pricing across the states is noticed. Revenue collection under irrigation water charges of the states is not encouraging. The present paper reviews the structures of water pricing mechanism in different states of India and suggests a way to achieve sustainable water resources management in India. Various reports, water policy documents, and major recommendations of the irrigation commission were reviewed and analyzed. It was observed that low revenue collection is mainly due to the low rate of water taxes, no periodic revision, and flaws in the current revenue collection mechanism across the states. The water regulatory authority should be made a statutory body to manage various water uses and their fair pricing. A volumetric pricing system can be implemented in wells and tube-well-irrigated areas and for surface irrigation, and this requires considerable investment in irrigation water supply infrastructure and development of operational plans. Until a well-developed volumetric system comes into practice, the current system of revenue assessment and collection must be rationalized and simplified. An appropriate power tariff policy for rural areas and inclusion of the irrigation sector in a ground water conservation fee is required.
Water quality impact from shrimp farming effluents in a tropical estuary
Authors: Bull E. G. , Cunha C. de L. da N. , Scudelari A. C.
Published: November 2020

Shrimp farms cause environmental impacts in coastal ecosystems, compromising water quality by discharging effluents rich in nutrients and organic matter. The impacts of shrimp farming are often investigated by the unit effect of a farm. In this study, a harvest time series generator is used to analyze the impact of the synergistic effect of several shrimp farm harvests in a tropical estuary. Two other scenarios with harvests concentrated during spring and neap tides were also analyzed, showing waste management techniques that can reduce the impact of shrimp aquaculture on coastal areas. A hydrodynamic circulation and water quality model were implemented to evaluate the dispersion of pollutants using different discharge combinations. The harvesting scenarios were compared to a scenario without the activity. Results indicate that shrimp farming is not the main anthropogenic source of pollution in the estuary studied. There were no significant differences in the average and maximum variations in nutrient and organic matter concentrations between the different management techniques.
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Vatopoulou Anastasia , Dionelli Maria-Eleni , Papanikolaou Alexis , Grover Sonia
Published: November 2020

It is well-established that adults with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased prevalence
of several cardiometabolic risk factors, including obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and
dyslipidemia. Accumulating data suggest that these risk factors are already present in adolescence in patients
with PCOS. This has major implications for the management of this population since the timely identification
of these risk factors is essential for preventing cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The present review summarizes
the existing evidence regarding the prevalence of traditional and non-traditional cardiometabolic risk factors
in adolescents with PCOS.
Is Biotechnological Next-Generation Therapeutics Promising Enough in Clinical Development to Treat Advanced Colon Cancer?
Authors: Malayaperumal Sarubala , Sriramulu Sushmitha , Banerjee Antara , Makalakshmi M.K. , Pathak Surajit
Published: November 2020

Background:

Colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide
with about 1.2 million new cases identified annually. While considering swift progress in the
field of molecular biology, new horizons in the treatment approaches have been materialized in colon
cancer with conventional methods being replaced with targeted therapies.

Methods:

In this review, we focused on the existing conventional therapies utilized for colon cancer
by comparing the effectiveness of various standard/conventional therapies with respect to overall
survival parameter. Regardless of all the conventional treatments and scientific research, the disease
remains to be the one of the major cause of cancer related death and rising as societal burden due to
its co morbidities. Thus, we have also discussed briefly in this review, all the possible biotechnological
next-generation therapeutics including nucleic acid medicines, CRISPR-Cas9 technology, adoptive
cell therapy, cancer stem cells and therapy, gut microbiome, and personalized medicines, which
might be promising after effective clinical trials.

Results:

From our study, we suggest that the use of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in resected patients
was found to be safe and effective therapy in treating colon cancer and thereby improving
overall survival in patients. From considering the total estimate of our meta-analysis plot, we state
that the existing therapies are not much satisfying to improve the overall survival and more research
has to be carried out in this field to find an effective therapy to treat colon cancer.

Conclusions:

As existing therapies are not much satisfying and are unable to improve the overall
survival, we brought together a diversity of possible approaches focusing on biotechnological nextgeneration
therapeutics to treat colon cancer. Hence, various multi-disciplinary choices are mandatory
in order to provide patients with distended access to tailored treatments.