bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drivers of Change in Myanmar’s Wild Elephant Distribution
Authors: Songer Melissa , Aung Myint , Allendorf Teri D. , Calabrese Justin M. , Leimgruber Peter
Published: November 2016

Myanmar is considered as a stronghold for wild elephants, though past estimates varied widely from 3,000 to 10,000. Results of a 2004 expert workshop showed estimates between 1,430 and 2,065. Building on surveys from 1990 to 1992, we conducted new expert interviews in townships throughout the range, with questions focusing on numbers of elephants living in townships and threats to and from elephants. We used general linear models to analyze characteristics of townships with and without elephants and to understand factors influencing changes in elephant presence. Our results show a major decrease in the geographic distribution of wild elephants in Myanmar between 1992 and 2006 with deforestation being the major driver. While forest cover is important for elephant presence, continuity with other elephant populations had a stonger influence on elephant persistence between surveys. Fragmentation of elephant populations is also a major driver of decline. Increases in forest cover increased elephant presence, while increases in edge and human population had the reverse effect. Deforestation and fragmentation lead to increased human–elephant conflict in some areas, sometimes concluding with the capture of elephants for timber operations and further draining wild populations. A national elephant action plan that includes monitoring of elephant status and threats is urgently needed and critical for Myanmar’s wild elephants, particularly as more than 50 years of political isolation are rapidly ending and pressure on the country’s natural resources is increasing exponentially.
Youth Baseball Pitching Stride Length: Normal Values and Correlation With Field Testing
Authors: Fry Karl E. , Pipkin Andrew , Wittman Kelcie , Hetzel Scott , Sherry Marc
Published: November 2016

Background:

Pitching biomechanical analysis has been recommended as an important component of performance, injury prevention, and rehabilitation. Normal values for youth pitching stride length have not been established, leading to application of normative values found among professional pitchers to youth pitchers.

Hypotheses:

The average youth pitching stride length will be significantly less than that of college and professional pitchers. There will be a positive correlation between stride length, lower extremity power, balance, and pitching experience.

Study Design:

Prospective cohort study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

Ninety-two youth baseball pitchers (aged 9-14 years) met the inclusion/exclusion criteria and completed the study. Stride length was recorded using a Dartfish video system over 3 maximal effort pitches. Both intra- and interrater reliability was calculated for the assessment of stride length. Double-leg vertical jump, single-leg stance time, leg length, weight, age, and pitching experience were also recorded.

Results:

Mean (SD) stride length was 66.0% (7.1%) of height. Stride length was correlated ( P < 0.01) with vertical jump (0.38), pitching experience (0.36), and single-leg balance (0.28), with excellent intra- and interrater reliability (0.985 or higher). No significant correlations between stride length and body weight, leg length, or age existed.

Conclusions:

There was a significant difference between youth pitching stride length and the current published norms for older and more elite throwers. There was a positive correlation between stride length and lower extremity power, pitching experience, and single-leg balance.

Clinical Relevance:

Two-dimensional analysis of stride length allows for the assessment of pitching biomechanics in a practical manner. These values can be used for return to pitching parameters after an injury and designing injury prevention and performance programs.
Automated segmentation reveals silent radiographic progression in adult-onset vanishing white-matter disease
Authors: Huber Thomas , Herwerth Marina , Alberts Esther , Kirschke Jan S , Zimmer Claus , Ilg Ruediger
Published: November 2016

Adult-onset vanishing white-matter disease (VWM) is a rare autosomal recessive disease with neurological symptoms such as ataxia and paraparesis, showing extensive white-matter hyperintensities (WMH) on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Besides symptom-specific scores like the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS), there is no established tool to monitor disease progression. Because of extensive WMH, visual comparison of MR images is challenging. Here, we report the results of an automated method of segmentation to detect alterations in T2-weighted fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery (FLAIR) sequences in a one-year follow-up study of a clinically stable patient with genetically diagnosed VWM. Signal alterations in MR imaging were quantified with a recently published WMH segmentation method by means of extreme value distribution (EVD). Our analysis revealed progressive FLAIR alterations of 5.84% in the course of one year, whereas no significant WMH change could be detected in a stable multiple sclerosis (MS) control group. This result demonstrates that automated EVD-based segmentation allows a precise and rapid quantification of extensive FLAIR alterations like in VWM and might be a powerful tool for the clinical and scientific monitoring of degenerative white-matter diseases and potential therapeutic interventions.
Mesoscopic imaging of glioblastomas: Are diffusion, perfusion and spectroscopic measures influenced by the radiogenetic phenotype?
Authors: Demerath Theo , Simon-Gabriel Carl Philipp , Kellner Elias , Schwarzwald Ralf , Lange Thomas , Heiland Dieter Henrik , Reinacher Peter , Staszewski Ori , Mast Hansjörg , Kiselev Valerij G , Egger Karl , Urbach Horst , Weyerbrock Astrid , Mader Irina
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify markers from perfusion, diffusion, and chemical shift imaging in glioblastomas (GBMs) and to correlate them with genetically determined and previously published patterns of structural magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Twenty-six patients (mean age 60 years, 13 female) with GBM were investigated. Imaging consisted of native and contrast-enhanced 3D data, perfusion, diffusion, and spectroscopic imaging. In the presence of minor necrosis, cerebral blood volume (CBV) was higher (median ± SD, 2.23% ± 0.93) than in pronounced necrosis (1.02% ± 0.71), pcorr = 0.0003. CBV adjacent to peritumoral fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity was lower in edema (1.72% ± 0.31) than in infiltration (1.91% ± 0.35), pcorr = 0.039. Axial diffusivity adjacent to peritumoral FLAIR hyperintensity was lower in severe mass effect (1.08*10–3 mm2/s ± 0.08) than in mild mass effect (1.14*10–3 mm2/s ± 0.06), pcorr = 0.048. Myo-inositol was positively correlated with a marker for mitosis (Ki-67) in contrast-enhancing tumor, r = 0.5, pcorr = 0.0002. Changed CBV and axial diffusivity, even outside FLAIR hyperintensity, in adjacent normal-appearing matter can be discussed as to be related to angiogenesis pathways and to activated proliferation genes. The correlation between myo-inositol and Ki-67 might be attributed to its binding to cell surface receptors regulating tumorous proliferation of astrocytic cells.
Diagnosing necrotic meningioma: a distinctive imaging pattern in diffusion MRI and MR spectroscopy
Authors: Ben-Arie Gal , Serlin Yonatan , Ivens Sebastian , Benifla Mony , Cagnano Emanuela , Melamed Israel , Merkin Vladimir , Shelef Ilan
Published: November 2016

The differential diagnosis of necrotic meningiomas includes brain abscess and malignant neoplasms. We report and discuss hereby the work-up of two patients diagnosed with necrotic meningioma using diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, resective surgery, and histopathology. The purpose of the present article is to add to the scant literature on the use of advanced imaging modalities in the routine investigation of brain lesions and their utility in arriving at the final diagnosis.
Long‐term follow‐up reveals high incidence of colorectal cancer in Indian patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Bopanna Sawan , Kedia Saurabh , Das Prasenjit , Dattagupta S , Sreenivas V , Mouli V Pratap , Dhingra Rajan , Pradhan Rajesh , Kumar N Suraj , Yadav Dawesh P , Makharia Govind , Ahuja Vineet
Published: November 2016

Background

As the magnitude of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) in India is low, magnitude of CRC in ulcerative colitis (UC) is also considered low. As a result, screening for CRC in UC although advocated may not be followed everywhere. We report our data of UC‐related CRC from a low‐incidence area of sporadic CRC.

Methods

A total of 1012 patients with left‐sided colitis/pancolitis having more than one full‐length colonoscopy performed at least a year after the onset of symptoms were included in retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained case records. In addition, 136 patients with duration of disease >10 years underwent surveillance white‐light colonoscopy prospectively during the study period.

Results

A total of 1012 individuals were finally included (6542 person‐years of follow‐up, 68.5% males, disease duration: 6.4 ± 6.8 years). Twenty (1.97%) patients developed CRC. Two (10%) patients developed CRC during the first decade, 10/20 (50%) during the second and 8/20 (40%) after the second decade of disease. The cumulative risk of developing CRC was 1.5%, 7.2% and 23.6% in the first, second and third decade, respectively. Of 136 high‐risk UC cases, five (3.6%) had CRC on screening colonoscopy. Disease duration and increasing age of onset were associated with higher risk of CRC.

Conclusions

Cumulative risk of CRC in Indian UC patients is as high as 23.6% at 30 years. The risk of CRC increases with increasing age of onset and increasing duration of disease. A low risk of sporadic CRC does not confer a low risk of UC‐related CRC, and regular screening is warranted.
Urolithiasis in pregnancy
Authors: Hadjipavlou Marios , Tasleem Ali , Dos Santos Francois , Smith Daron , Sriprasad Seshadri
Published: November 2016

Clinicians are faced with multiple diagnostic and treatment challenges when managing pregnant women with urolithiasis. Anatomical and physiological changes during pregnancy have to be taken into account whilst simultaneously considering both the expectant mother and the foetus. Ultrasonography remains the first-choice imaging modality, notwithstanding its potentially poor diagnostic accuracy. There is currently no consensus on second-line investigation for suspected urolithiasis. Low-dose non-contrast CT is highly sensitive, but the long-term effects of ionizing radiation on the foetus remain unknown. As far as treatment is concerned, expectant therapy is the primary option for management in the majority of cases. Percutaneous nephrostomy or ureteric stent placements are safe temporizing measures in relieving an acutely obstructed system and should be expedited in the presence of sepsis. Studies have shown ureteroscopy to be safe and effective during pregnancy with no significant risk to the foetus. It is important for the clinician to explain clearly the risks associated with the investigation and management options to the pregnant patient, including an acknowledgement that some of these remain unquantified, or even unknown.
A note on the perverse effects of actively open-minded thinking on climate-change polarization
Authors: Kahan Dan M. , Corbin Jonathan C.
Published: November 2016

This research note presents evidence that political polarization over the reality of human-caused climate change increases in tandem with individuals’ scores on a standard measure of actively open-minded thinking. This finding is at odds with the position that attributes political conflict over facts to a personality trait of closed-mindedness associated with political conservatism.
An intersectional approach for understanding the vulnerabilities of English-speaking heterosexual Caribbean youth to HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections: Prevention and intervention strategies
Authors: Sutherland Marcia Elizabeth
Published: November 2016

Caribbean youth comprise about 30 percent of the English-speaking Caribbean population, and about 81,000 Caribbean and Latin American youth are HIV infected. AIDS is the leading cause of death for 15- to 24-year-old English-speaking Caribbean youth. This article relies on intersectionality theory in the assessment of the macro-level, or structural variables, and micro-level, or individual level, variables that influence the risk-taking sexual behaviors of heterosexual English-speaking Caribbean youth and increase their vulnerability to HIV/sexually transmitted infections. This article offers macro- and micro-level prevention/intervention strategies for reducing the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in English-speaking Caribbean youth, including the promotion of condom use, voluntary male circumcision, and HIV testing and counseling. Suggestions are offered for future research investigations to explore the contributing factors to youth’s vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections and to empirically verify the relationship between and among variables that account for desired outcomes, including decreases in risky sexual behaviors.
Portrait of justice: The spirit of Chinese law as depicted in historical and contemporary drama
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lovrich Nicholas
Published: November 2016

Some scholars doubt whether China has much of a legal tradition, and others have opined that China lacks legal subjectivity from a Western legal perspective. However, various dramas have delineated a legal culture and form of legal subjectivity in China present since ancient times. Unfortunately, relatively less research has been conducted on legal themes in Chinese drama, and even less scholarship has explored Chinese legal tradition through an art perspective. This article takes a modest step toward filling this gap. Selecting multiple cases from the creative industries in China, including ancient stage drama, films, and contemporary television drama across the span of hundreds of years, this article looks into the representations of legal tradition in Chinese performing arts and explores the spirit of law in Chinese society.
Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation in the Native Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Using a 29-mm Edwards SAPIEN 3 Valve
Authors: Suntharos Patcharapong , Prieto Lourdes R.
Published: November 2016

Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation is now an acceptable treatment option. The Edwards SAPIEN valve, intended for transcatheter aortic valve implantation, has been used in patients whose landing zone diameter is >22 to 24 mm which is not suitable for Melody valve. We report a patient in whom we successfully placed the latest generation, Edwards SAPIEN 3 (ES3) in the pulmonary position. However, because of the short covered portion of this valve, there was a significant paravalvular leak through the stent struts requiring implantation of a second ES3 valve.
Forgotten and Left Behind
Authors: Whiteside Erin , Roessner Amber
Published: November 2016

In June 2012, Title IX celebrated its 40th anniversary to much fanfare nationwide, particularly in sporting circles. The event generated widespread news coverage, and journalists thus played a key role in situating the story of not only the law’s beginnings but its place in contemporary gender politics. This study examines the public memory of Title IX, as told in mainstream media outlets in the weeks surrounding the law’s anniversary. Using the concept of intersectionality as an analytical lens, we argue that the logic of Title IX at 40 gives rise to a narrative of progress that universalizes the experiences of girls and women and situates discrimination as an historic relic while also celebrating and rewarding apoliticism.
After Market Pricing Performance of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs)
Authors: Pandya Falguni H.
Published: November 2016

Detailed review of literature in Indian and foreign context have empirically documented IPOs anomaly. This paper attempts to study immediate and short- to long-run performance of IPOs in India for the period January 2004 to December 2013. The present paper evaluates IPOs’ performance from initial day to long-term period based on average abnormal return, cumulative abnormal return, buy and hold abnormal return, wealth relative, and market adjusted abnormal return. The paper concludes that IPOs are a good bet to rely upon from immediate to short run and at most till medium term.
Signalling to young knowledge workers through architecture? A conjoint analysis
Authors: Radermacher Katharina , Schneider Martin R , Iseke Anja , Tebbe Tobias
Published: November 2016

In this article, we examine corporate architecture as an effective signal to knowledge workers in the recruiting process. Two types of corporate architecture that are common in the knowledge economy are distinguished: traditional functionalist and new functionalist architecture. New functionalist architecture combines a flat, transparent facade with semi-open office layouts including areas for social interaction. Holistically these functional elements signal and symbolize a non-bureaucratic, non-hierarchical organization. A conjoint analysis provides a first attempt to quantify how much students care for new functionalist architecture. Students’ stated preferences imply that they would forgo on average 10% of their starting salary in order to work in the new functionalist rather than the traditional functionalist workplace. The magnitude of this effect supports the view that architecture matters for job choice. Limitations of our study and directions for future research are discussed.
A mechanistic investigation of thrombotic microangiopathy associated with IV abuse of Opana ER
Authors: Hunt Ryan , Yalamanoglu Ayla , Tumlin James , Schiller Tal , Baek Jin Hyen , Wu Andrew , Fogo Agnes B. , Yang Haichun , Wong Edward , Miller Peter , Buehler Paul W. , Kimchi-Sarfaty Chava
Published: November 2016

Key Points

The inert ingredients in Opana ER tablets can elicit TMA in the setting of IV abuse and stems from the impact of HMW PEO.
Dynein light chain DLC-1 promotes localization and function of the PUF protein FBF-2 in germline progenitor cells
Authors: Wang Xiaobo , Olson Jenessa R. , Rasoloson Dominique , Ellenbecker Mary , Bailey Jessica , Voronina Ekaterina
Published: November 2016

PUF family translational repressors are conserved developmental regulators, but the molecular function provided by the regions flanking the PUF RNA-binding domain is unknown. In C. elegans, the PUF proteins FBF-1 and FBF-2 support germline progenitor maintenance by repressing production of meiotic proteins and use distinct mechanisms to repress their target mRNAs. We identify dynein light chain DLC-1 as an important regulator of FBF-2 function. DLC-1 directly binds to FBF-2 outside of the RNA-binding domain and promotes FBF-2 localization and function. By contrast, DLC-1 does not interact with FBF-1 and does not contribute to FBF-1 activity. Surprisingly, we find that the contribution of DLC-1 to FBF-2 activity is independent of the dynein motor. Our findings suggest that PUF protein localization and activity are mediated by sequences flanking the RNA-binding domain that bind specific molecular partners. Furthermore, these results identify a new role for DLC-1 in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.
Setd5 is essential for mammalian development and the co-transcriptional regulation of histone acetylation
Authors: Osipovich Anna B. , Gangula Rama , Vianna Pedro G. , Magnuson Mark A.
Published: November 2016

SET domain-containing proteins play a vital role in regulating gene expression during development through modifications in chromatin structure. Here we show that SET domain-containing 5 (Setd5) is divergently transcribed with Gt(ROSA26)Sor, is necessary for mammalian development, and interacts with the PAF1 co-transcriptional complex and other proteins. Setd5-deficient mouse embryos exhibit severe defects in neural tube formation, somitogenesis and cardiac development, have aberrant vasculogenesis in embryos, yolk sacs and placentas, and die between embryonic day 10.5 and 11.5. Setd5-deficient embryonic stem cells have impaired cellular proliferation, increased apoptosis, defective cell cycle progression, a diminished ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes and greatly perturbed gene expression. SETD5 co-immunoprecipitates with multiple components of the PAF1 and histone deacetylase-containing NCoR complexes and is not solely required for major histone lysine methylation marks. In the absence of Setd5, histone acetylation is increased at transcription start sites and near downstream regions. These findings suggest that SETD5 functions in a manner similar to yeast Set3p and Drosophila UpSET, and that it is essential for regulating histone acetylation during gene transcription.
Transcriptome-wide identification of NMD-targeted human mRNAs reveals extensive redundancy between SMG6- and SMG7-mediated degradation pathways
Authors: Colombo Martino , Karousis Evangelos D. , Bourquin Joël , Bruggmann Rémy , Mühlemann Oliver
Published: November 2016

Besides degrading aberrant mRNAs that harbor a premature translation termination codon (PTC), nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) also targets many seemingly “normal” mRNAs that encode for full-length proteins. To identify a bona fide set of such endogenous NMD targets in human cells, we applied a meta-analysis approach in which we combined transcriptome profiling of knockdowns and rescues of the three NMD factors UPF1, SMG6, and SMG7. We provide evidence that this combinatorial approach identifies NMD-targeted transcripts more reliably than previous attempts that focused on inactivation of single NMD factors. Our data revealed that SMG6 and SMG7 act on essentially the same transcripts, indicating extensive redundancy between the endo- and exonucleolytic decay routes. Besides mRNAs, we also identified as NMD targets many long noncoding RNAs as well as miRNA and snoRNA host genes. The NMD target feature with the most predictive value is an intron in the 3′ UTR, followed by the presence of upstream open reading frames (uORFs) and long 3′ UTRs. Furthermore, the 3′ UTRs of NMD-targeted transcripts tend to have an increased GC content and to be phylogenetically less conserved when compared to 3′ UTRs of NMD insensitive transcripts.
The floating knee: a review on ipsilateral femoral and tibial fractures
Authors: Muñoz Vives Josep , Bel Jean-Christophe , Capel Agundez Arantxa , Chana Rodríguez Francisco , Palomo Traver José , Schultz-Larsen Morten , Tosounidis Theodoros
Published: November 2016

In 1975, Blake and McBryde established the concept of ‘floating knee’ to describe ipsilateral fractures of the femur and tibia.1 This combination is much more than a bone lesion; the mechanism is usually a high-energy trauma in a patient with multiple injuries and a myriad of other lesions. After initial evaluation patients should be categorised, and only stable patients should undergo immediate reduction and internal fixation with the rest receiving external fixation. Definitive internal fixation of both bones yields the best results in almost all series. Nailing of both bones is the optimal fixation when both fractures (femoral and tibial) are extra-articular. Plates are the ‘standard of care’ in cases with articular fractures. A combination of implants are required by 40% of floating knees. Associated ligamentous and meniscal lesions are common, but may be irrelevant in the case of an intra-articular fracture which gives the worst prognosis for this type of lesion.

Cite this article: Muñoz Vives K, Bel J-C, Capel Agundez A, Chana Rodríguez F, Palomo Traver J, Schultz-Larsen M, Tosounidis, T. The floating knee. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:375-382. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000042.
Use of Pharmacogenetic Information in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Friede Kevin , Li Josephine , Voora Deepak
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND

In 1964, Robert A. O'Reilly's research group identified members of a family who required remarkably high warfarin doses (up to 145 mg/day, 20 times the average dose) to achieve appropriate anticoagulation. Since this time, pharmacogenetics has become a mainstay of cardiovascular science, and genetic variants have been implicated in several fundamental classes of medications used in cardiovascular medicine.

CONTENT

In this review, we discuss genetic variants that affect drug response to 3 classes of cardiovascular drugs: statins, platelet P2Y12 inhibitors, and anticoagulants. These genetic variations have pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects and have been shown to explain differences in drug response such as lipid lowering, prevention of cardiovascular disease, and prevention of stroke, as well as incidence of adverse events such as musculoskeletal side effects and bleeding. Several groups have begun to implement pharmacogenetics testing as part of routine clinical care with the goal of improving health outcomes. Such strategies identify both patients at increased risk of adverse outcomes and alternative strategies to mitigate this risk as well as patients with “normal” genotypes, who, armed with this information, may have increased confidence and adherence to prescribed medications. While much is known about the genetic variants that underlie these effects, translation of this knowledge into clinical practice has been hampered by difficulty in implementing cost-effective, point-of-care tools to improve physician decision-making as well as a lack of data, as of yet, demonstrating the efficacy of using genetic information to improve health.

Many genetic variants that affect individual responses to drugs used in cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment have been described. Further study of these variants is needed before successful implementation into clinical practice.
Impact of the characteristics of CEO's overconfidence on the determination of incentive compensation
Authors: Lenda Hanen , BOURI Abdelfettah
Published: November 2016

The aim of this article is to examine the impact of the characteristics of overconfident CEO's on determining incentive compensation. The sample consists of 100 US non-financial companies in the S&P 500. The model estimation results, during the period from 2000 to 2010, showed that overconfident executives have a significant negative impact on his incentive compensation. Furthermore, the results of multiple linear regression showed that experienced, and older CEO has a significant and positive impact on the level of incentive compensation.
On common fixed points in generalized Menger spaces
Authors: Abed Salwa , Luaibi Hadeel Hussein
Published: November 2016

R. Vasuki [1] proved fixed point theorems for expansive mappings in Menger spaces. R. Gujetiya and et al [2] presented an extension of the main result of Vasuki, for four expansive mappings in Menger space. In this article, an important lemma is given to prove that the iteration sequence is Cauchy under suitable condition in Menger probabilistic G-metric space (shortly, MPGM-space). And then, used to obtain three common fixed point theorems for expansive type mappings.
The social life in Turkey in the early republic era in the perspective of the New York Times
The New York Times’ın gözünden erken cumhuriyet döneminde Türkiye’de sosyal hayat
Authors: Şahin Mustafa
Published: November 2016

This research aims to examine the reforms in social life in the early republican era in the perspective of the The New York Times (NYT) which is one of the most effective newspapers in the USA and the world. The research was made by way of analyzing documents is limited to 1923-1938; the NYT as a research source, and in the content of women rights, the development in education, the art, the transportation, and the clothing reform. The research has been prepared by scanning of the related period of NYT’s collection in the 1851-2015 years. In the newspaper, the articles about the social change of Turkey are generally newsworthy and the number of the writings as a comment about this subject is limited. Whatever the comments are related to Turkey, they were interest in Istanbul and its lifestyle. The themes of the research have been determined as women, education, art, transportation, and clothing. In the newspaper, the rational distribution of news and comments related to the period are as follows: women reform in Turkey is 30%, educational reform is 25%, art reform is 20%, recovery of transportation system is 13% and clothing reform is 12%. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı, erken cumhuriyet döneminin sosyal hayatındaki reformlarını Amerika’nın ve dünyanın en etkili gazetelerinden biri olan The New York Times (NYT) perspektifinden ele almaktır. Doküman inceleme yoluyla yapılan araştırma dönem olarak 1923-1938 tarihleriyle; kapsam olarak, kadın hakları, eğitimdeki gelişmeler, sanata yaklaşım, ulaşım ve kıyafet reformu; araştırma kaynağı olarak da NYT gazetesiyle sınırlandırılmıştır. Araştırma NYT’nin 1851-2015 yıllarındaki koleksiyonunun ilgili döneminin taranmasıyla hazırlanmıştır. Gazetede Türkiye’deki sosyal değişime ilişkin yazılar genellikle haber niteliklidir ve bu konuda yorum tarzındaki yazı sayısı sınırlıdır. Yapılan yorumlar her ne kadar Türkiye ile ilgili gibi görünse de ağırlıklı olarak İstanbul ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın temaları kadın, eğitim, sanat, ulaşım ve kıyafet olarak belirlenmiştir. Gazetede dönemle ilgili haber ve yorumların oransal dağılımı şöyledir: Türkiye’de kadın reformu % 30, eğitim reform % 25, sanat reform % 20, ulaşım sisteminin iyileştirilmesi % 13, kıyafet reform % 12.
Auctioning Emission Permits with Market Power
Authors: Alvarez Francisco , André Francisco J.
Published: November 2016

We analyze emission permit auctions in a framework in which a dominant firm enjoys market power both in the auction and in the secondary market while its competitor behaves in a competitive way. We obtain linear equilibrium bidding strategies for both firms and a unique equilibrium of the auction, which is optimal ex-post for the dominant firm. Under specific distributional assumptions we conclude that the auction always awards less permits to the dominant firm than the cost-effective amount. Our results serve as a warning about the properties of auctioning under market power. Under interior solution the auction allocation is dominated by grandfathering in terms of aggregated cost with probability one. As a policy implication, the specific design of the auction turns out to be crucial for cost-effectiveness. The chances of the auction to outperform grandfathering require that the former is capable of diluting the market power that is present in the secondary market.
Analysis of voluntary opening Ottobock Hook and Hosmer Hook for upper limb prosthetics: a preliminary study
Authors: Hashim Nur Afiqah , Abd Razak Nasrul Anuar bin , Gholizadeh Hossein , Osman Noor Azuan Abu
Published: November 2016

There are a number of prosthetic terminal devices which offer functional restoration to individuals with upper limb deficiencies. Hosmer and Ottobock are major commercial hook providers for prosthetic terminal devices. The concern of this paper is to analyse the voluntary opening (VO) Ottobock model 10A18 and Hosmer model 99P hooks (one band) during opening operation and to find out favourable features in the design. Two tests were conducted to analyse the performance of both hooks. The first test used a simple bench tool to investigate cable excursion and hook opening angle and the second test used force sensor to find out the force supplied at a different hook opening angle. The study found that the average cable excursion for both hooks is approximately 30% less than the hook’s opening span with the force at the hook’s tip section being inversely proportional to the force at the lateral section. Ottobock 10A18 has a better control for grasping larger objects, while Hosmer 99P has the highest average force at the tip section but yet less efficient in generating adequate force for activities of daily living. Favourable features identified are low cable excursion per hook opening span and balance lateral to hook tip pinch force.
The Himalayan gold masks from the Eurasian perspective
Authors: Tong Tao , Li Linhui
Published: November 2016

To date, five gold masks have been found in the middle and western Himalayan region, from the Chuvthag Cemetery in Zanda County and the Gurugyam Cemetery in Gar County in Tibet, China, the Samdzong Cemetery in Mustang, Nepal and the Malari Cemetery in Uttar Pradesh, India. The dates of these gold masks are all around the 1st–2nd centuries CE; they are different in size but all made with the repoussé technique and sewn to textiles. Most of the facial features of the masks are of the Mongoloid race. This burial custom has deep root in the Eurasian Continent; the funeral masks in different areas might have independent origins and developing paths, but mutual influence and exchange among neighboring areas are also apparent.
On the archaeological culture and related issues
Authors: Wang Wei
Published: November 2016

Archaeological culture is a fundamental concept of archaeology, and an essential subject of theoretical thinking. In China, the study of cultures has been a central subject of archaeological research, especially that of the Neolithic Age and the Xia-Shang-Zhou Period. Since the 1980s, however, cultural sequence has been established in most regions of China, and all sorts of scientific techniques and archaeological theories have been extensively employed in archaeology; should we continue to take archaeological cultures as a central subject of research? If yes, how can we carry on the research in line with the new developments? Such questions must be addressed from both the theoretical and practical perspectives. Based on personal observation of Chinese archaeology, the author would present new thoughts on the concept of culture and related issues.
A study on the Neolithic turquoises in China
Authors: Pang Xiaoxia
Published: November 2016

The turquoise objects of the Neolithic Age in China are mainly unearthed in the seven regions: the Central Plains, the Haidai cultural zone, the Gansu-Qinghai-Ningxia region, the Northern Frontier Zone, the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the lower reach of the Yangtze River and the South China. Their main functions are ornaments and burial objects, and their distribution was expanding constantly from the early to the late Neolithic Age: in the early period, they were only seen in the Central Plains and the Northern Frontier Zone; down to the late period, they were found in all of the seven regions. The forms and types of the turquoise objects were changing from simple to complex and from single object to parts and adornments inlayed or attached to other objects. At the beginning, the manufacturing techniques were relatively simple, but the engraving skill appeared. The turquoise objects were mainly unearthed from burials; when they just emerged, they were not the symbols of the statuses, positions and the wealth as well as genders and ages of the tomb occupants. However, during the Longshan Age, in some regions the turquoise was attached to some exquisite utensils or implements which might be used as ritual instruments, and began to become symbols of statuses and ranks, which was the most obvious in the Haidai area. As for the resources of the turquoise, it is still to be explored that they were imported from the peripheral area of present-day China or obtained locally.
On the piece mold-casting technology of the bronze gui-tureens in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties
Authors: Zhang Changping , Niwa Takafumi , Hirokawa Mamoru
Published: November 2016

Bronze
On the “Zunie”
Authors: Feng Shi
Published: November 2016

By interpreting and glossing the inscription on the bronze “
On the development of Buddhist sculpture in Ye City and the “Ye City Style” reflected by the Bei Wuzhuang hoard
Authors: He Liqun
Published: November 2016

The Ye City was the important Buddhist cultural center of the Central Plains and North China since the 6th century CE. Since the 1950s, rather large amounts of Buddhist sculptures have been unearthed within the scope of the Ye City Site, of which the hoard at Bei Wuzhuang found in January 2012 was the most noticeable. Through the analyses to the materials, motifs, assemblages and sculpturing characteristics of some typical samples from this hoard, the Buddhist sculptures during the Northern Dynasties in the Ye City area could be divided into four phases, which are the mid through late Northern Wei Dynasty, the end of the Northern Wei through the early Eastern Wei Dynasties, the late Eastern Wei through the early Northern Qi Dynasties and the mid through late Northern Qi Dynasty. Moreover, referring to the given historic background, the derivation of the Buddhist thoughts and the cultural communication between China and the West at that time, this paper points out that the so-called dragon-tree-shaped back screen statues popular in the mid through late Northern Qi Dynasty was a brand-new sculpture type integrated the technical tradition and composition characteristics of the white marble sculpture in the Wuding Era of the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Gupta sculpture style newly introduced in; the creation and diffusion of this sculpture type were tightly related to the Xianbeization and Western Barbarianization policies applied by the imperial court after the founding of the Northern Qi Dynasty and the reform of monastic restrictions managed by Fashang, the Buddhist comptroller-in-chief of the empire from Zhaoxuan Monastery.
Acute onset of blindness associated with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a HELLP syndrome case report
Authors: Orgul Gokcen , Uckan Hasan , Aktoz Fatih , Deren Ozgur
Published: November 2016

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an uncommon disorder. PRES presents with clinical findings such as headache, seizures, visual disturbances, and altered consciousness. Here, we present a PRES case in the second trimester of pregnancy with intrauterine fetal demise. A 40-year-old woman, gravida 4 para 3, was diagnosed with HELLP syndrome based on the clinical and laboratorial findings. An emergent caesarean section was performed under magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) treatment. She had suffered vision loss with normal fundoscopic findings at postpartum period. All the clinical, laboratory and imaging findings (MRI) confirmed the diagnosis of PRES. Careful observation of the clinical findings and prompt treatment is necessary for pregnancies complicated by PRES to prevent undesirable outcomes.
A Perspective: Could Carbon Current Collectors Improve the Energy Density of Aqueous Alkaline Symmetric Supercapacitors?
Authors: Avireddy Hemesh , Morante Joan Ramon , Flox Cristina
Published: November 2016

The present discussion shows a perspective about using graphite as a current collector in order to achieve high energy density in a symmetric supercapacitor system. Several electrochemical modes (such as rest potential analysis, CV, PEIS, GCPL) were carried out to evaluate the electrochemical characteristics of graphite in aqueous 6 mol/L KOH. And, the resulting performance was compared to an another conventional current collector system based on nickel-stainless steel. Interestingly, widening of cell voltage was observed for graphite when compared to nickel-stainless steel. The discussion reveals the reasonable influences and validations of widening in cell voltage towards the values in energy densities. This perspective also highlights some issues related to carbon (graphite) current collectors and encloses with some promising strategies in overcoming these issues, not limiting the domain of application (either micro or macro supercapacitor devices).
Loss on Non-Deliverable Currency Options or Forward Contracts in Corporate Income Tax and the Notion of Expense Related to Acquisition of a Derivative
Authors: Karczyński Łukasz
Published: November 2016

Due to financial crisis many entrepreneurs suffered heavy losses on currency options and forward contracts. Tax authorities tend to disallow deduction of those losses from the taxable income. Many cases ended up in administrative courts, resulting in judicature controversies on the issue in question. This paper is the second of four in a cycle. The aim of the whole cycle will be to analyze deeply these controversies and suggest the proper interpretation of the legal provisions, determining whether losses on currency options and forward contracts should or should not be regarded as tax-deductible expenses. The aim of this paper is to determine if the aforementioned losses may be regarded as expenses related to acquisition of these derivatives (excluded from tax-deductible expenses). The conducted analysis suggests that the expenses made to pay the losses cannot be regarded as such expenses, so they should be regarded as tax-deductible expenses if there are no other obstacles.
Player transfer agreements of sports clubs – selected legal and tax issues on income tax for legal persons
Authors: Kanka Kacper
Published: November 2016

The transfer-window, defined as the period when it is possible to make transactions called „transfer agreements” continues throughout the year and includes the whole range of sports, not only connected with football. The aim of this article is to describe consequences of the conclusion and execution of the transfer agreement on the ground of corporate income tax law. Tax analysis was preceded by a legal analysis, which is intended to demonstrate the essential elements of the transfer agreement and, above all, its subject matter.
Several remarks on banks as institutions of public confidence
Authors: Mikliński Maciej
Published: November 2016

The submitted article contains reflections on features of public confidence institution and is an attempt to debate the issue of the bank as a public confidence institution. The legal aspects of the term – public confidence institution – are considered as well as its features focusing on confidence as a base. On this background some of the features, which entitle the bank to become the public confidence institution, are discussed. The circumstances leading to the loss of the feature of the public confidence institution are also debated.
Control of bone and fat mass by oxytocin
Authors: Amri Ez-Zoubir , Pisani Didier F.
Published: November 2016

Osteoporosis and overweight/obesity constitute major worldwide public health burdens. Aging is associated with a decrease in hormonal secretion, lean mass and bone mass, and an increase in fat accumulation. It is established that both obesity and osteoporosis are affected by genetic and environmental factors, bone remodeling and adiposity are both regulated through the hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous system. Oxytocin (OT), belongs to the pituitary hormone family and regulates the function of peripheral target organs, its circulating levels decreased with age. Nowadays, it is well established that OT plays an important role in the control of bone and fat mass and their metabolism. Of note, OT and oxytocin receptor knock out mice develop bone defects and late-onset obesity. Thus OT emerges as a promising molecule in the treatment of osteoporosis and obesity as well as associated metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we will discuss findings regarding the OT effects on bone and fat mass.
The novel class of seven transmembrane segment inverted repeat carriers
Authors: Chang Yung-Ning , Geertsma Eric R.
Published: November 2016

Solute carriers from the SLC4, SLC23, and SLC26 families are involved in pH regulation, vitamin C transport and ion homeostasis. While these families do not share any obvious sequence relationship, they are united by their unique and novel architecture. Each member of this structural class is organized into two structurally related halves of seven transmembrane segments each. These halves span the membrane with opposite orientations and form an intricately intertwined structure of two inverted repeats. This review highlights the general design principles of this fold and reveals the diversity between the different families. We discuss their domain architecture, structural framework and transport mode and detail an initial transport mechanism for this fold inferred from the recently solved structures of different members.
Characterization of the subcellular localization and nuclear import molecular mechanisms of herpes simplex virus 1 UL2
Authors: Cai Mingsheng , Huang Zebin , Liao Zongmin , Chen Tao , Wang Ping , Jiang Si , Chen Daixiong , Peng Tao , Bian Yun , Hong Gengde , Yang Hang , Zeng Zhancheng , Li Xiaowei , Li Meili
Published: November 2016

As a crucial protein, the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) UL2 protein has been shown to take part in various stages of viral infection, nonetheless, its exact subcellular localization and transport molecular determinants are not well known thus far. In the present study, by using live cells fluorescent microscopy assay, UL2 tagged with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein was transiently expressed in live cells and showed a completely nuclear accumulation without the presence of other HSV-1 proteins. Moreover, the nuclear transport of UL2 was characterized to be assisted by multiple transport pathways through Ran-, importin α1-, α5-, α7-, β1- and transportin-1 cellular transport receptors. Consequently, these results will improve understanding of UL2-mediated biological functions in HSV-1 infection cycles.
Systematic Effects in Laser Scanning and Visualization by Confidence Regions
Authors: Koch Karl-Rudolf , Brockmann Jan Martin
Published: November 2016

A new method for dealing with systematic effects in laser scanning and visualizing them by confidence regions is derived. The standard deviations of the systematic effects are obtained by repeatedly measuring three-dimensional coordinates by the laser scanner. In addition, autocovariance and cross-covariance functions are computed by the repeated measurements and give the correlations of the systematic effects. The normal distribution for the measurements and the multivariate uniform distribution for the systematic effects are applied to generate random variates for the measurements and random variates for the measurements plus systematic effects. Monte Carlo estimates of the expectations and the covariance matrix of the measurements with systematic effects are computed. The densities for the confidence ellipsoid for the measurements and the confidence region for the measurements with systematic effects are obtained by relative frequencies. They only depend on the size of the rectangular volume elements for which the densities are determined. The problem of sorting the densities is solved by sorting distances together with the densities. This allows a visualization of the confidence ellipsoid for the measurements and the confidence region for the measurements with systematic effects.