bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educators’ experiences and perspectives of child weight discussions with parents in primary school settings
Authors: Coupe Nia , Peters Sarah , Ayres Matilda , Clabon Katie , Reilly Alexandra , Chisholm Anna
Published: April 2022

Background

The role of schools in addressing rising childhood obesity levels has been acknowledged, and numerous diet- and physical activity-related interventions exist. Aside from formal interventions, opportunistic parent-educator conversations about child weight can arise, particularly in primary school settings, yet little is known about how useful these are. This study aimed to understand the utility of child weight related conversations with parents through exploring educators’ experiences and perspectives.

Methods

This qualitative study consisted of semi-structured interviews conducted with primary school teaching staff in the United Kingdom (N = 23), recruited through purposive and subsequent snowball sampling. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Participants identified opportunities and need for child weight discussions in schools. However, conversations were prevented by the indirect and sensitive nature of conversations, and educators’ professional identity beliefs. Using pre-existing face-to-face opportunities, good parent-teacher relationships and holistic approaches to child health and wellbeing were reported as important in optimising these conversations.

Conclusions

Whilst educator-parent child weight discussions are necessary, discussions are highly challenging, with contradictory views on responsibility sometimes resulting in avoidance. Educators’ roles should be clarified, and communication training tailored to increase teacher confidence and skills. Current social distancing will likely reduce opportunistic encounters, highlighting a need to further improve communication routes.
COVID-19: a catalyst for the digitization of surgical teaching at a German University Hospital
Authors: Wolf Milan Anton , Pizanis Antonius , Fischer Gerrit , Langer Frank , Scherber Philipp , Stutz Janine , Orth Marcel , Pohlemann Tim , Fritz Tobias
Published: April 2022

Background

The summer semester 2020, had to be restructured due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the associated contact restrictions. Here, for the first time, the established lectures in lecture halls and small group seminars could not be conducted in presence as usual. A possible tool for the implementation of medical teaching, offers the use of eLearning, online webinars and learning platforms. At present it is unclear how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic will affect surgical teaching, how digitization will be accepted by students, and how virtual teaching can be expanded in the future.

Methods

The teaching, which was previously delivered purely through face-to-face lectures, was completely converted to digital media. For this purpose, all lectures were recorded and were available to students on demand. The seminars were held as a twice a week occurring online webinar. The block internship was also conducted as a daily online webinar and concluded with an online exam at the end.

At the end of the semester, a survey of the students was carried out, which was answered by n = 192 students with an anonymized questionnaire. The questionnaire inquires about the previous and current experience with eLearning, as well as the possibility of a further development towards a purely digital university.

Results

There were n = 192 students in the study population. For 88%, the conversion of classes to web-based lectures represented their first eLearning experience. For 77% of all students, the digitization of teaching led to a change in the way they prepare for class. 73% of the participating students are of the opinion that eLearning lectures should continue to be offered. 54% of the students felt that eLearning lectures made more sense than face-to-face lectures. A purely virtual university could be imagined by 41% of the students.

Conclusion

The conversion of teaching represented the first contact with eLearning for most students. Overall, the eLearning offering was experienced as positive. Due to the new teaching structure, the way of learning had already changed during the semester. Based on the new eLearning content, the already existing formats can be further expanded in the future. Nevertheless, it turned out that the practical-surgical contents and skills cannot be adequately represented by purely online offers; for this, the development of hybrid practice-oriented teaching concepts is necessary.
Environmental and clinical data utility in pediatric asthma exacerbation risk prediction models
Authors: Hurst Jillian H. , Zhao Congwen , Hostetler Haley P. , Ghiasi Gorveh Mohsen , Lang Jason E. , Goldstein Benjamin A.
Published: April 2022

Background

Asthma exacerbations are triggered by a variety of clinical and environmental factors, but their relative impacts on exacerbation risk are unclear. There is a critical need to develop methods to identify children at high-risk for future exacerbation to allow targeted prevention measures. We sought to evaluate the utility of models using spatiotemporally resolved climatic data and individual electronic health records (EHR) in predicting pediatric asthma exacerbations.

Methods

We extracted retrospective EHR data for 5982 children with asthma who had an encounter within the Duke University Health System between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2019. EHR data were linked to spatially resolved environmental data, and temporally resolved climate, pollution, allergen, and influenza case data. We used xgBoost to build predictive models of asthma exacerbation over 30–180 day time horizons, and evaluated the contributions of different data types to model performance.

Results

Models using readily available EHR data performed moderately well, as measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC 0.730–0.742) over all three time horizons. Inclusion of spatial and temporal data did not significantly improve model performance. Generating a decision rule with a sensitivity of 70% produced a positive predictive value of 13.8% for 180 day outcomes but only 2.9% for 30 day outcomes.

Conclusions

EHR data-based models perform moderately wellover a 30–180 day time horizon to identify children who would benefit from asthma exacerbation prevention measures. Due to the low rate of exacerbations, longer-term models are likely to be most clinically useful.

Trial Registration: Not applicable.
Evaluating the implementation and impact of navigator-supported remote symptom monitoring and management: a protocol for a hybrid type 2 clinical trial
Authors: Rocque Gabrielle B. , Dionne-Odom J. Nicholas , Stover Angela M. , Daniel Casey L. , Azuero Andres , Huang Chao-Hui Sylvia , Ingram Stacey A. , Franks Jeffrey A. , Caston Nicole E. , Dent D’ Ambra N. , Basch Ethan M. , Jackson Bradford E. , Howell Doris , Weiner Bryan J. , Pierce Jennifer Young
Published: April 2022

Background

Symptoms in patients with advanced cancer are often inadequately captured during encounters with the healthcare team. Emerging evidence demonstrates that weekly electronic home-based patient-reported symptom monitoring with automated alerts to clinicians reduces healthcare utilization, improves health-related quality of life, and lengthens survival. However, oncology practices have lagged in adopting remote symptom monitoring into routine practice, where specific patient populations may have unique barriers. One approach to overcoming barriers is utilizing resources from value-based payment models, such as patient navigators who are ideally positioned to assume a leadership role in remote symptom monitoring implementation. This implementation approach has not been tested in standard of care, and thus optimal implementation strategies are needed for large-scale roll-out.

Methods

This hybrid type 2 study design evaluates the implementation and effectiveness of remote symptom monitoring for all patients and for diverse populations in two Southern academic medical centers from 2021 to 2026. This study will utilize a pragmatic approach, evaluating real-world data collected during routine care for quantitative implementation and patient outcomes. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) will be used to conduct a qualitative evaluation at key time points to assess barriers and facilitators, implementation strategies, fidelity to implementation strategies, and perceived utility of these strategies. We will use a mixed-methods approach for data interpretation to finalize a formal implementation blueprint.

Discussion

This pragmatic evaluation of real-world implementation of remote symptom monitoring will generate a blueprint for future efforts to scale interventions across health systems with diverse patient populations within value-based healthcare models.

Trial registration

NCT04809740; date of registration 3/22/2021.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of paediatric mental health interventions: a systematic review of model-based economic evaluations
Authors: Kularatna Sanjeewa , Hettiarachchi Ruvini , Senanayake Sameera , Murphy Ciara , Donovan Caroline , March Sonja
Published: April 2022

Mental health disorders among children and youth are causing significant burden on health care systems. Hence, identifying cost-effective interventions is important for effective mental health care allocation. Although model-based economic evaluations are an essential component of assessing cost-effectiveness, evidence are limited in the context of child and youth mental health care. The objective was to systematically review the model-based economic evaluations of mental health interventions for children and youth.

Methods

Four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science) were searched using appropriate search terms to retrieve model-based economic evaluations of mental health interventions for children and youth. The reporting quality of the included studies were appraised using the Consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards (CHEERS) checklist.

Results

The database search yielded 1921 records. Of the 12 selected for review, 66% were published after year 2015. Most of the studies were related to anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. There were eight cost-utility studies, three cost-effectiveness studies, and one study using both forms of analysis. Six studies used Markov models, three used decision trees, and three studies used both types of models. However, the model structure, health states, time horizon, and economic perspective showed wide variation. The reporting quality of the included studies varied from 91 to 96%.

Conclusion

Model based mental health economic evaluations among children and youth are increasingly being reported in recent research. The included studies used Markov models and decision trees, either alone or in combination, and the majority of the articles were of good reporting quality.
Ruptured endometrioma in a nonpregnant patient: a case report
Authors: Young Hayley , Bui Thanh-Lan , Cramer Scott E. , O’Connell Ryan , Houshyar Roozbeh
Published: April 2022

Background

Endometriomas are a type of ovarian cyst composed of degenerated blood products from hemorrhage of ectopic endometrial tissue. Endometriomas can rupture, causing hemoperitoneum, and present with signs and symptoms similar to other, more common abdominal emergencies. Therefore, they are not often diagnosed preoperatively. Ultrasound and cross-sectional imaging can assist in diagnosis of endometriomas. We present a case of ruptured endometrioma causing massive hemoperitoneum that was initially suspected to represent malignancy with carcinomatosis.

Case presentation

A 32-year-old Hispanic woman presented with sharp abdominal pain and 15-pound unintentional weight loss over 6 months. Laboratory work was significant for a negative pregnancy test and elevated cancer antigen-125. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated a 13-cm complex cystic mass in the left adnexa with moderate hyperdense ascites and omental nodularity. Ultrasound demonstrated a large left adnexal complex cystic structure with internal echoes, and chest computed tomography showed no signs of intrathoracic neoplastic or infectious processes. Her presentation was concerning for malignancy with carcinomatosis. Fluid from a paracentesis was sent for culture and cytology. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed that the left ovary had been completely replaced by an endometrioma, which had a small ruptured area superiorly. Brown deposits of endometriosis were present on the cyst, omentum, and various peritoneal linings. Tissue samples of the endometrium, myometrium, cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes, peritoneum, omentum, and paracolic spaces were taken and showed no hyperplastic, dysplastic, or malignant cells on pathology.

Conclusions

Ruptured endometrioma and ruptured hemorrhagic cyst should be included in the differential diagnosis when a premenopausal female presents with hemoperitoneum in combination with complex adnexal cystic masses in the absence of trauma. Cancer antigen-125 and cancer antigen 19-9 can be falsely elevated in the setting of ruptured endometrioma.
Human endogenous retrovirus K in the respiratory tract is associated with COVID-19 physiopathology
Authors: Temerozo Jairo R. , Fintelman-Rodrigues Natalia , dos Santos Monique Cristina , Hottz Eugenio D. , Sacramento Carolina Q. , de Paula Dias da Silva Aline , Mandacaru Samuel Coelho , dos Santos Moraes Emilly Caroline , Trugilho Monique R. O. , Gesto João S. M. , Ferreira Marcelo Alves , Saraiva Felipe Betoni , Palhinha Lohanna , Martins-Gonçalves Remy , Azevedo-Quintanilha Isaclaudia Gomes , Abrantes Juliana L. , Righy Cássia , Kurtz Pedro , Jiang Hui , Tan Hongdong , Morel Carlos , Bou-Habib Dumith Chequer , Bozza Fernando A. , Bozza Patrícia T. , Souza Thiago Moreno L.
Published: April 2022

Background

Critically ill 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients under invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) are 10 to 40 times more likely to die than the general population. Although progression from mild to severe COVID-19 has been associated with hypoxia, uncontrolled inflammation, and coagulopathy, the mechanisms involved in the progression to severity are poorly understood.

Methods

The virome of tracheal aspirates (TA) from 25 COVID-19 patients under IMV was assessed through unbiased RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and correlation analyses were conducted using available clinical data. Unbiased sequences from nasopharyngeal swabs (NS) from mild cases and TA from non-COVID patients were included in our study for further comparisons.

Results

We found higher levels and differential expression of human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) genes in TA from critically ill and deceased patients when comparing nasopharyngeal swabs from mild cases to TA from non-COVID patients. In critically ill patients, higher HERV-K levels were associated with early mortality (within 14 days of diagnosis) in the intensive care unit. Increased HERV-K expression in deceased patients was associated with IL-17-related inflammation, monocyte activation, and an increased consumption of clotting/fibrinolysis factors. Moreover, increased HERV-K expression was detected in human primary monocytes from healthy donors after experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro.

Conclusion

Our data implicate the levels of HERV-K transcripts in the physiopathology of COVID-19 in the respiratory tract of patients under invasive mechanical ventilation.
Cross talk between RNA modification writers and tumor development as a basis for guiding personalized therapy of gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Shi , Kuang Guanghao , Huang Yao , Huang Xinxin , Wang Weiyu , Wang Guoqiang
Published: April 2022

Background

Gastric cancer (GC) shows high metastasis and low survival. RNA modification writers play critical roles in tumor development. This study examined the clinical significance of RNA modification writers in GC prognosis based on four types of adenosine modifications (m1A, m6A, APA and A-to-I).

Results

Writers demonstrated high mutation and expression in GC patients. Different expressions of 26 RNA modification writers were differentially associated with GC prognosis. High-WM score group appeared worse overall survival, higher immune infiltration and activation of EMT pathways than low-WM score group. WM score was correlated with both miRNAs-targeted signaling pathways and patients’ sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs and efficacy of immunotherapy.

Conclusions

This study further revealed the close association between adenosine-related RNA modifications and progression of GC. A cross talk between EMT and RNA modification was identified to be one of the mechanisms underlying GC development. Our WM scoring system could serve as a clinical indicator for predicting GC prognosis. Importantly, the WM score could guide personalized treatments such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy for GC patients.
The association of childhood abuse and neglect with tattoos and piercings in the population: evidence from a representative community survey
Authors: Ernst Mareike , Borkenhagen Ada , Fegert Jörg M. , Brähler Elmar , Plener Paul L.
Published: April 2022

Background

Tattoos and piercings are becoming increasingly popular in many countries around the world. Individuals seeking such body modifications have reported diverse psychological motives. Besides purely superficial considerations, tattoos and piercings can also have a deep, personal meaning. For example, they can mark and support the emotional processing of significant life events, including formative experiences from early childhood. However, there is a lack of studies that examine the links of tattoos and piercings with experiences of childhood abuse and neglect in large, population-based samples.

Methods

We investigated the association of reports of childhood abuse and neglect with the acquisition of body modifications (tattoos and piercings) within a representative German community sample. Survey participants (N = 1060; ages 14–44 years) were questioned whether they had tattoos and piercings and filled out the 28-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF).

Results

Tattoos and piercings were more common among individuals who reported childhood abuse and neglect. The proportion of participants with tattoos and piercings increased as a function of the severity of all assessed types of abuse and neglect (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; emotional and physical neglect). In logistic regression analyses which included the covariates age, gender, education, and income, the sum of significant kinds of childhood abuse and neglect was positively related to having tattoos and/or piercings (OR = 1.37 [95% CI 1.19–1.58]).

Conclusions

The results corroborate previous research indicating that body modifications could have special significance for individuals who have survived adversity, in particular interpersonal trauma at the hands of caregivers. These findings could inform screening procedures and low-threshold access to psychotherapeutic care.
The regulatory properties of anger under different goal orientations: the effects of normative and outcome goals
Authors: Antoniou Faye , AlKhadim Ghadah , Stamovlasis Dimitrios , Vasiou Aikaterini
Published: April 2022

Background

The present study aimed to evaluate the self-regulatory properties of anger on the performance of individuals under various motivational dispositions using an experimental design.

Methods

The participants were 99 university students who participated in response to extra credit. The performance of the participants was evaluated using the Tower of Hanoi task. Their anger was measured using a facial expression recognition system and arousal was assessed using a heart-rate monitoring device. Two motivational dispositions were assessed: performance goals with normative evaluative standards and performance goals with a focus on outcomes.

Results

The results indicated that a nonlinear function explained the relationship between anger, arousal, and achievement under different goal conditions. Specifically, the Cusp Catastrophe Model showed that anger levels beyond a critical point were associated with the unpredictability of performance during the normative goal condition, suggesting that anger disturbed the relationship between arousal and achievement. Interestingly, a linear model was relevant for explaining the same relationships during the outcome goal condition.

Conclusion

Thus, this study concluded that anger plays a more salient role when coupled with the pressures arising from employing interpersonal evaluative standards.
An analysis of the appearance characteristics of Korean ceramics per era through statistical analysis of metadata annotated with a visual element classification system of ceramics
Authors: Yi Ji Hyun , Lee Hyunsoo , Kim Songei
Published: April 2022

This study is to create metadata with a ceramic visual element classification system, such as color, form, material, and pattern, and then to analyze the visual characteristics of Korean ceramics by era through this metadata statistical analysis. To achieve this, first, the visual element classification system for ceramics was established. Second, 7,346 ceramic photos were acquired and annotated using the visual element classification system to create metadata. Third, through statistical analysis of the metadata, the preferred visual elements in each era were organized, and their characteristics were analyzed. In particular, the differences in form implementation, color technology, and pattern representation, which vary depending on material properties, were identified. Through this study, the flow of visual elements of Korean ceramics and the reason for each type of appearance and production method could be comprehended more systematically.
Interpretation of gravity–magnetic anomalies to delineate subsurface configuration beneath east geothermal province along the Mahanadi rift basin: a case study of non-volcanic hot springs
Authors: Basantaray Aurobindo Kumar , Mandal Animesh
Published: April 2022

Gravity and magnetic studies have been carried out over a non-volcanic hot spring zone consisting of Atri and Tarabalo hot springs along the intracontinental Mahanadi rift basin to delineate the subsurface structures and to understand their effect on the geothermal activities over a stable continental region. Calculated gravity and magnetic anomaly maps unveil the presence of hot springs along Mahanadi fault. The four-layer subsurface configuration as observed using radially averaged power spectrum analysis and 3D Euler solutions of both gravity and magnetic data indicates occurrence of multi-phases sedimentation and tectonic events. 2D forward, 2D inverse, and 3D inverse residual gravity models have delineated high-density igneous intrusive bodies surrounded by comparatively less dense Khondalites and Charnockites rich altered zones. The sharp high to low density transition zones are identified as the regional Mahanadi fault. The India–Antarctica rifting, existence of two hot springs along the Mahanadi fault of the rifted basin, and similarity in water chemistry strongly indicates an interconnection between these two hot springs. Igneous intrusions and radiogenic element-rich metamorphosed shallow formations combinedly acting as the heat source. Deciphered altered zone, deeper intrusion and deeply connected regional fault along the hot springs confirmed that this regional fault is providing the major pathway for water circulation through radioactive element-rich altered zones while the local and shallow fractures connecting the Mahanadi fault feed the hot springs of the study area.
Community-based exercise programs incorporating healthcare-community partnerships to improve function post-stroke: feasibility of a 2-group randomized controlled trial
Authors: Aravind Gayatri , Bashir Kainat , Cameron Jill I. , Howe Jo-Anne , Jaglal Susan B. , Bayley Mark T. , Teasell Robert W. , Moineddin Rahim , Zee Joanne , Wodchis Walter P. , Tee Alda , Hunter Susan , Salbach Nancy M.
Published: April 2022

Background

Despite the potential for community-based exercise programs supported through healthcare-community partnerships (CBEP-HCPs) to improve function post-stroke, insufficient trial evidence limits widespread program implementation and funding. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a CBEP-HCP compared to a waitlist control group to improve everyday function among people post-stroke.

Methods

We conducted a 3-site, pilot randomized trial with blinded follow-up evaluations at 3, 6, and 10 months. Community-dwelling adults able to walk 10 m were stratified by site and gait speed and randomized (1:1) to a CBEP-HCP or waitlist control group. The CBEP-HCP involved a 1-h, group exercise class, with repetitive and progressive practice of functional balance and mobility tasks, twice a week for 12 weeks. We offered the exercise program to the waitlist group at 10 months. We interviewed 13 participants and 9 caregivers post-intervention and triangulated quantitative and qualitative results. Study outcomes included feasibility of recruitment, interventions, retention, and data collection, and potential effect on everyday function.

Results

Thirty-three people with stroke were randomized to the intervention (n= 16) or waitlist group (n= 17). We recruited 1–2 participants/month at each site. Participants preferred being recruited by a familiar healthcare professional. Participants described a 10- or 12-month wait in the control group as too long. The exercise program was implemented per protocol across sites. Five participants (31%) in the intervention group attended fewer than 50% of classes for health reasons. In the intervention and waitlist group, retention was 88% and 82%, respectively, and attendance at 10-month evaluations was 63% and 71%, respectively. Participants described inclement weather, availability of transportation, and long commutes as barriers to attending exercise classes and evaluations. Among participants in the CBEP-HCP who attended ≥ 50% of classes, quantitative and qualitative results suggested an immediate effect of the intervention on balance, balance self-efficacy, lower limb strength, everyday function, and overall health.

Conclusion

The CBEP-HCP appears feasible and potentially beneficial. Findings will inform protocol revisions to optimize recruitment, and program and evaluation attendance in a future trial.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT03122626. Registered April 21, 2017 — retrospectively registered.
The Stoop-Squat-Index: a simple but powerful measure for quantifying whole-body lifting behavior
Authors: Schmid Stefan
Published: April 2022

Background

Most of the studies evaluating lifting behavior only focus on very localized parameters such as lumbar spine flexion, while evaluations of whole-body strategies are largely lacking. To enable relatively simple evaluations of whole-body strategies, this study aimed at developing a novel index for quantifying the stoop-squat behavior, and to establish normative values of the index for healthy pain-free adults.

Methods

A novel index, the Stoop-Squat-Index, was developed, which describes the proportion between trunk forward lean and lower extremity joint flexion, with possible values ranging from 0 (full squat lifting) to 100 (full stoop lifting). To enable the interpretation of the index in a real-life setting, normative values for lifting a moderately-weighted object (15-kg-box) with a full squat and a full stoop technique were established using motion capture data from 30 healthy pain-free individuals that underwent motion analysis of squat and stoop lifting in the context of a previously conducted study.

Results

The results showed mean index values of lower than 30 and higher than 90 for the most relevant phases of the squat and stoop movements, respectively, with mean index values differing significantly from each other for the full duration of the lifting phases.

Conclusions

The main advantages of the index are that it is simple to calculate and can not only be derived from motion capture data but also from conventional video recordings, which enables large-scale in-field measurements with relatively low expenditure. When used in combination with lumbar spine flexion measurements, the index can contribute important information, which is necessary for comprehensively evaluating whole-body lifting strategies and to shed more light on the debate over the connection between lifting posture and back complaints.
Virulence effect of Metarhizium anisopliae (Met.) and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) fungi against the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: El-Gendy Ismail R. , Zawrah Mohamed F. M. , El-Banobi Mona I.
Published: April 2022

Background

The peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a key pest of fruits in Egypt. Insect-pathogenic fungi are one of the biocontrol agents that increasingly substitute the traditional pesticides to overcome pesticide risks. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the fungal virulence of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) against B. zonata pupae. Also, extended pathogenicity effect of these fungi on adult flies was studied.

Results

The results showed that M. anisopliae fungus had more pathogenicity to B. zonata pupae on the 2nd, 3rd, and 5th days post-treatment than B. bassiana. Pathogenicity fungal effects of treated larvae extended to the surviving adults. Fungal concentration and post-exposure interval reversely impacted the pupae by 63.88 and 63.59% mortality in the case of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana, respectively. The lethal concentration of treated fly by M. anisopliae (LC50 = 9.5 × 106 conidia/ml and LC90 = 9.9 × 107 conidia/ml) was lower than that of B. bassiana (LC50 = 5.1 × 107 conidia/ml and LC90 = 1.9 × 109 conidia/ml). Median lethal time (LT50) value was fungal species-dependent, and concentration. Metarhizium anisopliae was more virulent than B. bassiana; the lowest LT50 value was 9.48 days by M. anisopliae and 13.33 days by B. bassiana, depending on the fungal tested concentration of 2.3 × 106 conidia/ml.

Conclusions

The tested entomopathogenic fungi could be considered promising biocontrol agents against B. zonata and could be used for fly suppression through soil application in IPM programs.
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and perceptions among dental teaching staff of a governmental university in Egypt
Authors: Sharaf Mariam , Taqa Omar , Mousa Haneen , Badran Amira
Published: April 2022

Background

Vaccine acceptance among healthcare workers (HCWs) is an important determinant of its acceptance among the general population. Dentists are an essential group of HCWs who are at an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. This study aimed to assess vaccine acceptance and its determinants among a group of dental teaching staff in Egypt.

Methods

An Internet-based cross-sectional study was conducted where the dental teaching staff of a governmental university in Egypt were targeted using total population sampling. Data was collected on socio-demographics, attitudes towards COVID-19, risk perception, general attitudes towards vaccination, vaccine acceptance, and concerns about COVID-19 vaccines, along with barriers and motivators to vaccination. Multivariate regression was done to determine factors significantly associated with unwillingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine.

Results

A total of 171 dental faculty members participated in the study. At the time of data collection (August 2021–October 2021), 45.6% of the dental teaching staff were willing to receive the vaccine, while 46.7% were against vaccination, and 7.6% were vaccine hesitant. Female gender, not having a private practice, not intending to travel internationally, having anyone sick in the immediate social circle, and being more anxious about COVID-19 were significantly associated with unwillingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.

Conclusion

At the time of conducting this study (August 2021–October 2021), less than half of the participating dental teaching staff in the studied Egyptian university were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Findings of the current study can guide Egyptian health authorities to adopt strategies that correct misconceptions among HCWs, educate them and build their trust in the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines, which can ultimately increase its acceptance in the general population.
Feasibility study in assessment of congenital cardiovascular malformation by recent technique of fetal cardiac MR imaging
Authors: Hassan Hend Galal Eldeen Mohamed Ali , Habeeb Nevin M. M. , Ibrahim Ahmed Samir , Megahed Shimaa Rashad , Yassin Aya
Published: April 2022

Background

Abnormalities of the cardiovascular system are the most common congenital diseases in the fetus and the first cause of infant mortality. Echocardiography is still the method of choice to visualize the fetal cardiac cardiovascular abnormalities, yet cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is relatively unaffected by maternal and fetal conditions such as maternal obesity, uterine myoma, twins, oligohydramnios, fetal position and rib calcification, which particularly impair sonographic visualization of the fetal heart. Fetal cardiac MR imaging is a novel MRI technique which can provide valuable information that could add to the prenatal diagnosis and evaluation of cardiac and most of extra-cardiac anomalies. In this work, we aimed to highlight the advantage of FCMRI over fetal echocardiography in assessment of fetal congenital cardiac anomalies.

Results

Fifty-Two fetuses with suspected or diagnosed congenital cardiac anomalies. All cases underwent detailed history taking, underwent fetal echocardiography using suitable curvilinear probe and performed according to standard protocol, then fetal cardiac MR was done with Balanced fast field echo, Black blood single shot, white blood Cine, Real-time 3D dynamic sequences, images were acquired in the transverse, four-chamber, short-axis, coronal and oblique sagittal views. Findings of fetal echocardiography were compared with that of cardiac MRI and with standard post-natal echocardiography. Prenatal Echo and fetal cardiac MRI showed significant moderate agreement between the two modalities in the detection of different congenital cardiac anomalies, Kappa test: 0.500; p value 0.021. Fetal MRI had a significant role in detection of extra cardiac anomalies in most cases. Comparing to gold standard post-natal echo. Accuracy of fetal CMRI is 95.5% and of fetal Echo is 86.4% regarding overall cardiac anomalies:

Conclusion

Fetal cardiac MR imaging as an adjunct to fetal echocardiography may provide valuable information that could add to the prenatal diagnosis and evaluation of cardiac and most of extra cardiac anomalies.
Unsupervised seismic facies classification using deep convolutional autoencoder
Authors: Puzyrev Vladimir , Elders Chris
Published: April 2022

With the increased size and complexity of seismic surveys, manual labeling of seismic facies has become a significant challenge. Application of automatic methods for seismic facies interpretation could significantly reduce the manual labor and subjectivity of a particular interpreter present in conventional methods. A recently emerged group of seismic interpretation techniques is based on deep neural networks. These approaches are data-driven and require large labeled data sets for network training. We have developed a deep convolutional autoencoder for unsupervised seismic facies classification, which does not require manually labeled examples. The facies maps are generated by clustering the deep-feature vectors obtained from the input data. Our method yields accurate results on real data and provides them instantaneously, which allows an interpreter to identify the dominant seismic features. The proposed approach opens possibilities to analyze geologic patterns in real time without human intervention.
NMO stretch in vertical transverse isotropic media presented by nonhyperbolic approximations
Authors: Khoshnavaz M. Javad , Stovas Alexey
Published: April 2022

Normal-moveout (NMO) correction is an inevitable part of routine seismic data processing and imaging. NMO correction suffers from an undesirable phenomenon called NMO stretching, which is more pronounced in larger emerging angles. Frequency distortions caused by NMO stretching for isotropic media have fully been studied in the literature. We express the distortions for the simplest case of anisotropy, which is vertical transverse isotropic media. This is done through different nonhyperbolic approximations, including shifted-hyperbola approximation, rational approximation, and generalized moveout approximation (GMA). To evaluate the predicted distortions, we define a trace-muting threshold and use it in the trace-muting procedure for synthetic data, as well as a field recorded example. Comparison between the results proves that the GMA has the highest accuracy among the other presented approximations. The proposed approach has an immediate potential to be used in industry and also to help to develop innovative nonstretch NMO correction workflows.
Estimation of horizontal stresses from wellbore failures in strike-slip tectonic regime: A case study from the Ordovician reservoir of the Tinzaouatine field, Illizi Basin, Algeria
Authors: Baouche Rafik , Sen Souvik , Feriel Hadj Arab , Radwan Ahmed E.
Published: April 2022

We present a geomechanical analysis of the Ordovician reservoir from the Tinzaouatine field situated in the prolific Illizi Basin, eastern Algeria. The sandstone reservoir has a hydrostatic pore pressure gradient (9.95 MPa/km). We analyzed a cumulative of 300 m of acoustic image log data and identified the coexistence of B-quality extensive drilling-induced tensile failures (DITFs) and compressive failures, i.e., breakouts (BOs), indicating a mean maximum horizontal stress ([Formula: see text]) orientation of N140°E. We used a combined BO and DITF-based solution to estimate horizontal stress magnitudes when the two failure types coexist. Based on the C-quality minifrac measurements, we interpreted the minimum horizontal stress ([Formula: see text]) gradient as 17.4–17.47 MPa/km, whereas the new approach indicates an [Formula: see text] range of 17.31–18.67 MPa/km. Using the BO width and DITF-based approaches, we inferred an [Formula: see text] gradient range of 28.37–38.59 MPa/km within the studied reservoir. Based on the relative stress magnitudes, we infer a strike-slip tectonic stress regime in the studied field.
Genetic Testing for All: Overcoming Disparities in Ovarian Cancer Genetic Testing
Authors: Frey Melissa K. , Finch Amy , Kulkarni Amita , Akbari Mohammad R. , Chapman-Davis Eloise
Published: April 2022

Nearly 3% of the population carries genetic variants that lead to conditions that include hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and Lynch syndrome. These pathogenic variants account for approximately 20% of ovarian cancer cases, and those with germline pathogenic variants have an odds ratio between 4 and 40 for developing ovarian cancer compared with noncarriers. Given the high prevalence of genetic variants, multiple organizations, including ASCO, recommend universal genetic counseling and testing for women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer. Unfortunately, most individuals with a hereditary ovarian cancer syndrome are unaware of their underlying mutation, and racial and ethnic minority individuals as well as patients of low socioeconomic status experience disproportionate rates of underrecognition, leading to late and missed diagnoses. In this article, we review the current understanding of disparities in genetic testing for people with ovarian cancer, the role of population-based genetic testing, and innovative strategies to overcome the critical inequities present in current cancer genetic medicine. Underuse and disparities related to accessing recommended genetic services are complex and multifactorial, requiring improvements in processes related to provider identification, genetic counseling and testing referral, and patient uptake/adherence. Through the expansion of remote genetic counseling, offering online strategies for genetic testing, and reaching at-risk relatives through direct relative contact cascade testing and population-based genetic testing, there are a growing number of innovations in the field of genetic medicine, many of which emphasize health equity and offer promising alternatives to the current paradigm of genetic testing.
Severe Hypercalcemia From Inhalation Pneumonitis via Activation of 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D
Authors: Rosenstein Kyle , Kern Philip A
Published: April 2022

Among the many causes of hypercalcemia are inflammatory conditions, particularly involving granulomatous disease. We present a case of a previously healthy woman who arrived at the emergency department with severe symptomatic hypercalcemia. Workup revealed elevated levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D along with pneumonitis on computed tomography (CT) imaging. The patient revealed frequent use of eucalyptus oil in her home essential oil diffuser and after removal of the offending agent her hypercalcemia, elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and pneumonitis on CT imaging all resolved.
HepT1-derived murine models of high-risk hepatoblastoma display vascular invasion, metastasis, and circulating tumor cells
Authors: Woodfield Sarah E. , Mistretta Brandon J. , Patel Roma H. , Ibarra Aryana M. , Fisher Kevin E. , Sarabia Stephen F. , Gandhi Ilavarasi , Reuther Jacquelyn , Starosolski Zbigniew , Badachhape Andrew , Epps Jessica , Zorman Barry , Shah Aayushi P. , Larson Samuel R. , Srivastava Rohit K. , Shi Yan , Espinoza Andres F. , Govindu Saiabhiroop R. , Whitlock Richard S. , Holloway Kimberly , Roy Angshumoy , Sumazin Pavel , Ghaghada Ketan B. , Lopez-Terrada Dolores , Gunaratne Preethi H. , Vasudevan Sanjeev A.
Published: April 2022

Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common pediatric primary liver malignancy, and survival for high-risk disease approaches 50%. Mouse models of HB fail to recapitulate hallmarks of high-risk disease. The aim of this work was to generate murine models that show high-risk features including multifocal tumors, vascular invasion, metastasis, and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). HepT1 cells were injected into the livers or tail veins of mice, and tumor growth was monitored with magnetic resonance and bioluminescent imaging. Blood was analyzed with fluorescence-activated cell sorting to identify CTCs. Intra- and extra-hepatic tumor samples were harvested for immunohistochemistry and RNA and DNA sequencing. Cell lines were grown from tumor samples and profiled with RNA sequencing. With intrahepatic injection of HepT1 cells, 100% of animals grew liver tumors and showed vascular invasion, metastasis, and CTCs. Mutation profiling revealed genetic alterations in seven cancer-related genes, while transcriptomic analyses showed changes in gene expression with cells that invade vessels. Tail vein injection of HepT1 cells resulted in multifocal, metastatic disease. These unique models will facilitate further meaningful studies of high-risk HB.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Antibodies targeting the European lobster (Palinurus elephas) vitellogenin developed by mRNA isolation and in-silico-designed antigenic peptides
Authors: Cannea Faustina B. , Follesa Maria Cristina , Porcu Cristina , Rossino Rossano , Olianas Alessandra , Rescigno Antonio , Padiglia Alessandra
Published: April 2022

Vitellogenin is an essential protein involved in ovary maturation in many animals. Detection of this protein correlated with reproductive capacity may be important if carried out on marine organisms such as the red spiny lobster Palinurus elephas, a crustacean that is an economically important crop from wild fish catches. Moreover, in recent years, vitellogenin has assumed an important role as a possible biomarker of marine environmental pollution, as its expression levels can be influenced by the presence of similar estrogen pollutants and can affect the reproductive sphere of marine organisms such as crustaceans. The P. elephas vitellogenin protein and its coding gene have never been isolated, so there is little information about its presence in this lobster. The aim of the present study was to develop a molecular strategy to create, for the first time, an antibody for the detection and quantization of vitellogenin in P. elephas.
A SHort course Accelerated RadiatiON therapy (SHARON) dose-escalation trial in older adults head and neck non-melanoma skin cancer
Authors: Ferro Milena , Deodato Francesco , Ferro Marica , Panza Giulia , Buwenge Milly , Pezzulla Donato , Cilla Savino , Boccardi Mariangela , Romano Carmela , Arcelli Alessandra , Cammelli Silvia , Zamagni Alice , Morganti Alessio Giuseppe , Macchia Gabriella
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

To assess feasibility and safety of a SHort-course Accelerated RadiatiON therapy (SHARON) regimen, in the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) in older patients.

Methods:

Old patients (age ≥ 80 years) with histological confirmed non-melanoma skin cancers were enrolled. The primary endpoint was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Radiotherapy regimen was based on the delivery of four radiotherapy fractions (5 Gy per fraction) with a twice daily fractionation in two consecutive days. Three different level of dose were administered: 20 Gy (one cycle), 40 Gy (two cycles) and 60 Gy (three cycles).

Results:

Thirty patients (median age: 91 years; range: 80-96) were included in this analysis. Among fourteen patients who completed the one cycle, only one (7%) experimented acute G4 skin toxicity. Twelve patients reported an improvement or resolution of baseline symptoms (overall palliative response rate: 85.8%). Nine and seven patients underwent to two and three RT cycles, respectively: of these, no G3 toxicities were recorded. The overall response rate was 100% when three cycles were delivered. The overall six-month symptom-free survival was 78.7% and 77.8% in patients treated with one course and more courses, respectively.

Conclusions:

Short-course accelerated radiotherapy in older patients with non-melanoma skin cancers is well tolerated. High doses seem to be more effective in terms of response rate.

Advances in knowledge:

This approach could represent an option for older adults with NMSC, being both palliative (one course) or potentially curative (more courses) in the aim, accordingly to the patient’s condition.