bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A virtual reality based psychosis simulation for education of medical students: An ongoing project
Authors: Bidaki Majid Zare , Mousavi Bentolhoda , Ehteshampour Alireza
Published: December 2020

Psychosis, which is defined as the loss of contact with external reality, is a subjective and complex experience that has two major presentations: delusions and hallucinations. Delusions are defined in a spectrum from overvalued ideas that can be considered as the upper extreme of normal limits, to the presence of crystallised, systematic ideas, without any external proof that clearly interferes with the experiencerâ€™s life. The same is true for hallucinations, as it can be experienced by any person in some point of their life or it can be multimodal which dominates the thinking process and leads to verbal or behavioural response. Despite the prevalence of both experiences, and even though medical students participate in theory-based education as well as apprenticeship in psychiatric wards, they find the experience non-tangible and difficult to digest. Improvement in technology has led to development of computer programmes, such as virtual reality (VR), by which the sense of immersion is induced in a simulated environment through combining sensory inputs with computer-generated graphics and effects and mostly is used through a head-mounted display. Constructivist movements have placed emphasis on active learning and visual-spatial abilities in education and VR has paved the way for its practical application. In this research project, along with producing an authentic virtual psychotic experience according to patientsâ€™ real-life experiences, we aim to assess its efficacy in improving knowledge, attitude and empathy towards people with psychotic experience, in comparison with the current method of education.

 

Keywords: Virtual reality, psychotic experience, simulation, medical education, e-learning.
The effectiveness of involving social investments in education
Authors: Yusif Yahyaeva Aynura
Published: December 2020

Summary: One of the main problems in the social policy of the state is investment activity in this area. Social investments have a significant impact on improving the living standards of the population, improving their education, knowledge and skills and ensuring their health. The attraction of social investments and strengthening their role in the market environment is one of the prior directions of state policy. Social investment should be done in such a way that the final benefit for all projects should be the same. Effective use of social investments also contributes to the development of the countryâ€™s education system. Education is an important social area that contributes to the creation of conditions for the countryâ€™s economic development. The article is devoted to the study of the problem of assessing the effectiveness of social investment in education, which is an important social area that creates conditions for sustainable development. In the context of the creation and development of an innovative economy, social investment in education is a priority and provides an important competitive advantage in the strategic perspective, the accumulation and realisation of the countryâ€™s intellectual potential. At the same time, increased investment in education does not mean the increase of their efficiency and not guarantee the improvement of the quality of educational services. This means that the problem of evaluating the effectiveness of investment in education is complicated. Many scholars, both in our country and abroad, are engaged in solutions of the problem. All of this shows that the research in this area is one of the actual problems.

The purpose of the research Is to evaluate the role and effectiveness of social investment in education. For this purpose, the following main tasks are set:

identify specific features of the education system as a social investment object;

systematise the factors of the efficiency of social investments;

study the role of education in ensuring economic growth and competitiveness in the country;

determine the system of general performance indicators for educational institutions;

investigate the ways of implementing state policy in the field of education development, etc.

The methodology of the research is the systematic, dynamic and comparative analysis of factors.

Results of the research show that ways to achieve the goals set out in education have been identified, and the role of social investment in this area has been explored. Recommendations for improving the efficiency of social investment in education have also been put forward.

 

Keywords: Education, social policy, social investment, globalisation, human capital.
The study of the effectiveness of media literacy education on the development of creative thinking of students
Authors: Torabi Nasim , Ferdosipour Atefe
Published: December 2020

This study aims to investigate the effect of media literacy education on junior high school studentsâ€™ creative thinking. The research used a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test control group design. The study sample included all first-grade students from high schools in the city of Tehran. The population of this cluster used the random sampling method in the second section. In this study, in order to measure studentsâ€™ creativity, the Abedi creativity questionnaire was used. Therefore, in the study, both the groups (experimental and control) were administered the pre-test. The media literacy lesson plan had eight training sessions for the experimental group, but for the control group there was no enforcement training. Immediately after training, media literacy was tested. After running the tests for both groups, analysis of covariance was used to analyse the data. The results showed that creative thinking and media literacy education and its dimensions (originality, fluency, flexibility and expandability) had a significant positive impact on students and could also help develop essential skills in them.

 

Keywords: Media literacy, visual literacy, creative thinking, initiative.
Fostering integration through Malay literature teaching among the Malaysian secondary school students
Authors: Chew Fong Peng
Published: December 2020

In the context of a multi-ethnic and multicultural country such as Malaysia, national integration is the fundamental pillar of the country’s harmony and stability. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the extent to which the Malay Literature education enhances the integration among the students. On the basis of Weiner’s theory, the study employed the questionnaire survey method. The respondents consisted of 310 secondary school form two students in Kuala Lumpur. The findings show that the Malay Literature textbooks do not reflect the multi-ethnic society in Malaysia. Furthermore, the teachers were struggling to stimulate the interests among the students, and the interest of the latter to learn Malay literature was low. Inferential analysis indicated significant differences in unity literature education based on the ethnicities [F (2.307) = 34.573; p < 0.05] and SES [F (3.306) = 5.109; p < 0.05]. In conclusion, Malay literature education plays its unique role to instil the sentiment of unity among the students in the school setting. Therefore, teachers should come up with interesting teaching methods to cultivate students’ interest in learning the unity-themed literature and grant them a better understanding of other ethics in the effort to boost national integration.

 

Keywords: Malay language, Malay literature, national integration, unity literature.
Enhancing undergraduate engineering education quality through using computer-aided design software
Authors: Chiwuzie Emmanuel , Haboush Mohammad Abdel Fattah A. R. , Youssef Kassem , Camur Huseyin
Published: December 2020

The computer‐aided design software has been developed as a support aid for improving the creativity and the ability of students to understand the concept of the practice courses. Therefore, the study reviewed previous scientific studies associated with computer-aided learning (CAL) to identify the importance of CAL in supporting engineering education learning. Additionally, this study aimed to develop a vision for the future of education through the use of an effective technological means to reduce as much effort and time as possible in engineering departments. The results demonstrated that the use of CAL in engineering courses improved the quality of education and increased the ability of the student to solve complex engineering problems. Consequently, the authors recommend that the institute should conduct training courses for instructors in CAL/design/programme and their role in supporting engineering learning.

 

Keywords: Computer-aided learning, education learning, engineering department, institute, problem-solving skills.
Front end of innovation
Authors: Velez Alexander , Barrutia Jose Maria , Echebarria Carmen
Published: December 2020

The objective of this research is to contribute to the improvement of knowledge of the ‘front end’ or pre-development of innovation, a process that comprises all the activities prior to the formal start of the development of innovation projects. In this aspect, we identify the most relevant ‘front-end’ techniques that have been developed in the previous literature.

 

Keywords: Innovation, creativity, front end, pre-development.
Propuesta de peralte de losas postensadas como parte del sistema lateral para edificios altos con núcleo rígido
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), González Fernández Alejandro Sebástian , Herbozo Girón Luis Fernando
Published: December 2020

Las losas postensadas se están utilizando últimamente con mayor regularidad, no obstante, hay cierto desconocimiento sobre su uso participando dentro del sistema estructural resistente a fuerzas laterales como las producidas por el sismo o el viento. En este trabajo se usan losas postensadas en dos direcciones como sistemas de pisos en edificaciones altas con núcleo rígido, es decir que cuentan con muros estructurales en la zona media del edificio. Dichas losas postensadas fueron modificadas el momento de inercia bruta (Ig) para estudiar el comportamiento sísmico de los edificios altos como también la respuesta de dichas losas. Este estudio se valida con varios modelos computacionales de edificios, en los cuales se propondrá un peralte con el fin de satisfacer las derivas máximas de los edificios altos establecidas por la norma nacional, variando los momentos de inercia de estas losas postensadas. También se implica la modificación de la resistencia a la compresión del concreto (f’c) de las losas y de los elementos verticales, como también los espesores de muros estructurales. El resultado de este estudio es la obtención de peralte de losa postensada respecto a la variación de la capacidad a la comprensión del concreto (f’c) distribuido en el edificio, espesores de muros en núcleo rígido y el porcentaje de momento de inercia agrietado de las losas postensadas. Punzonamiento fue revisado también en las losas postensadas.
Influencia del proceso constructivo en la respuesta del análisis estructural en edificaciones de concreto armado
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), León Luján Franz Ernesto , Urrelo Guzmán Javier Ángel
Published: December 2020

Dada la necesidad de velocidad en las construcciones en las que se trabaja en la actualidad en el rubro de la construcción, siendo más específicas en edificios de concreto armado, se hace cada vez más necesario e importante hacer un estudio en el cual se pueda considerar las cargas que actúan durante el proceso constructivo. Dichas cargas, en ocasiones, pueden llegar exceder la resistencia considerada en el diseño inicial, este efecto se ve incrementado por el hecho que los pisos superiores son soportados por los pisos inferiores recientemente vaciados, los cuales no poseen la resistencia de diseño final. Entonces para poder utilizar dicho análisis incremental o secuencial de cargas generadas por el avance de la construcción va a ser de suma importancia definir el cronograma de trabajo de la obra analizada, para poder obtener el historial de cargas. En el presente trabajo se hará la comparación del análisis convencional y el análisis por proceso constructivo, donde en cada uno de ellos se estudiará las variaciones en los desplazamientos, momentos y fuerzas cortantes de las columnas, vigas y losas de la estructura, generadas al contemplar diversos escenarios donde en cada uno varía la geometría estructural, el número de pisos, tiempos de encofrados de dichos elementos y variación del módulo de elasticidad a lo largo del proceso de maduración del concreto.
Laporan Kasus: Sporotrikosis pada Kucing Persia
Authors: Maharani Sukma , Nururrozi Alfarisa , Yanuartono Yanuartono , Indarjulianto Soedarmanto
Published: December 2020

Sporotrikosis adalah infeksi kronik yang disebabkan oleh fungi Sporothrix schenckii. Sporotrikosis terbagi menjadi dua jenis, yaitu tipe kulit primer dan sistemik. Seekor kucing persia berumur satu tahun dengan bobot badan 3,7 kg diperiksa dengan keluhan banyak luka di kulit, kurus, dan sesak nafas selama beberapa minggu. Hasil pemeriksaan klinis menunjukkan adanya ulserasi disertai papula dan nodul kecil pada kulit punggung, pangkal ekor dan kaki. Pemeriksaan hematologi menunjukkan hasil kucing mengalami leukositosis (WBC 32.900 sel/mm3) dengan neutrofilia, limfositopenia dan hiperproteinemia. Pemeriksaan histopatologi kulit ditemukan adanya radang granulomatosa. Kultur pada media Sabaraud Dextrose Agar terisolasi dan teridentifikasi fungi S. schenckii. Kucing didiagnosis mengalami infeksi sporotrikosis dengan prognosis dubius. Pengobatan dilakukan dengan pemberian itraconazol (10 mg/kg BB s1dd, PO); dan hepatovit (0,4 mL s1dd, PO). Kucing mulai menunjukkan perbaikan kondisi pada hari ke-14 pengobatan. Ulserasi kulit mulai berkurang dan area kulit yang terbuka mulai tertutup. Pengobatan antifungal sistemik dapat dilanjutkan hingga 1-2 bulan sambil dilakukan observasi kesembuhan secara klinis.
“Fijo eres de rey”: ambigüedad en el Libro de Alexandre
Authors:   Doshisha University, Japan, Ogawa Yoshinori
Published: December 2020

This article deals with the ambiguity of the stanzas 19-20 of the Libro de Alexandre, which refer to the rumor that the protagonist is a bastard. In spite of some prestigious critics’ opinion, the anonymous author neither affirms nor denies the rumor. He is much more interested in it than French poets and mentions it many times to create artistic ambiguity and to enrich his own narrative.
Los discursos de defensa femeninos en la narrativa española del siglo XV
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia, Bedoya Tatiana
Published: December 2020

From ancient times, female models were constructed that classified women as “good” and “bad”, considering how well they fit on the values socially legitimated. During the fifteenth century, debates about the role of women in society —querelles des femmes— took place in Europe. There different authors took a position as “defenders” or “attackers”. However, the proposed division in those debates, through which defense discourses for women were obtained, results to be apparent and responds better to a rhetoric necessity. The creation of legitimate defense is impossible due to the ideological presuppositions from which those discourses were developed. From this hypothesis, the paper proposes the analysis of some of these “female defenses” in Spain, both those constructed with rhetoric proposes (Triunfo de las Donas) and those developed in the sentimental fiction of the fifteenth century (Grimalte y Gradissa and Grisel y Mirabella).
Del espacio a la espacialidad en textos medievales
Authors:   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico, Escobar Fuentes Samantha
Published: December 2020

Being aware of the wide bibliography devoted to the study of the space in literature, this work pretends, in the first place, to make a review of much of such bibliography in order to show that the term is either ambiguous or scarcely defined. Having done so we came up with the concept of “spatiality” instead of that of “space” since we acknowledge that the construction of space may vary from author to author, from time to time, or from genre to genre and thus require a more comprehensive approach. Within this spatiality we would distinguish between a “grammar” and a “semantics” of the spatiality which would be useful to identify and interpret the spatial elements of the literary work in its context. By doing so we intend here to point at other literary and linguistic elements of the literary work than description which may enforce the study of the medieval texts in a more comprehensive way, especially, medieval ones.
KESULITAN BELAJAR MATEMATIKA: ANALISIS PENGETAHUAN AWAL [DIFFICULTY IN LEARNING MATHEMATICS: PRIOR KNOWLEDGE ANALYSIS]
Authors: Panggabean R. F. Setia Budi , Tamba Kimura Patar
Published: December 2020

In line with constructivism theory, prior knowledge is important in learning. Prior knowledge is the basis for a person being able to accept any new information that has been given. The background of this paper is the recognition that a number of students have difficulty learning mathematics. The results of observations when teaching grade 12 students about the matrix show that students still have difficulty in performing addition and subtraction arithmetic operations. This fact shows that there is a problem in students' prior knowledge. This paper aims to see the importance of the position of initial knowledge in student learning difficulties. This paper is a literature review. The results obtained show that initial knowledge is a source of student learning difficulties. This can be seen from the nature of mathematics and the thinking process of students in learning mathematics. From the nature of mathematics, according to constructivism, knowledge is acquired in a progressive constructive manner. Difficulties will arise when the prior knowledge is epistemologically different from the new knowledge. From the thinking process, students use their prior knowledge to construct new knowledge or respond to new information. The implication is that learning difficulties will arise when there is a conflict between prior knowledge and new knowledge.

BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Sejalan dengan teori konstruktivisme, pengetahuan awal (prior knowledge) merupakan hal penting dalam pembelajaran.  Pengetahuan awal menjadi landasan bagi seseorang untuk mampu menerima informasi baru yang telah diberikan. Hal yang melatar belakangi tulisan ini adalah banyaknya anak didik yang kesulitan belajar matematika. Hasil observasi ketika mengajar SMA kelas XII tentang matriks menunjukkan siswa masih kesulitan dalam melakukan operasi hitung penjumlahan dan pengurangan. Hal tersebut menunjukkan ada masalah dalam pengetahuan awal siswa. Tujuan penulisan adalah untuk melihat pentingnya posisi pengetahuan awal dalam kesulitan belajar siswa. Tulisan ini merupakan kajian literatur. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan pengetahuan awal merupakan sumber kesulitan belajar siswa. Hal ini dilihat dari natur matematika dan proses berpikir siswa dalam belajar matematika. Dari natur matematika, menurut teori konstruktivisme, pengetahuan diperoleh secara konstruktif progresif. Implikasinya, kesulitan akan muncul ketika secara epistemology pengetahuan awal berbeda dengan pengetahuan yang akan dipelajari. Dari proses berpikir, dalam membentuk pengetahuan baru atau merespon informasi yang dihadapkan padanya, siswa menggunakan pengetahuan awalnya. Implikasinya, kesulitan belajar akan muncul ketika terjadi konflik antara pengetahuan awal dengan pengetahuan yang akan dipelajari.
Alinhamento morfossintático em Matis (Pano)
Authors: Barbosa Raphael Augusto Oliveira
Published: December 2020

Este artigo descreve o alinhamento morfossintático em matis, língua da família Pano, falada na terra indígena Vale do Javari, região oeste do estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Estudos sobre essa língua têm sido realizados desde o início do século XXI, com análises do alinhamento morfossintático restritas a aspectos morfológicos da oração. Baseado nos resultados desses estudos e na descrição de dados primários da língua matis, o presente trabalho propõe a descrição sistematizada do alinhamento morfossintático, por meio da análise funcional e textual da marcação de caso. A abordagem teórico-metodológica tem como base os princípios da Linguística Tipológica Funcional, com a análise realizada por meio da descrição de dados obtidos em sessões de elicitação e extraídos de narrativas coletadas em trabalho de campo. Os resultados da análise morfológica indicam a relação de categorias nominais entre o alinhamento morfossintático e a ergatividade no sincretismo de casos. Na análise sintática, o sistema funcional do alinhamento morfossintático define a interação gramatical da ergatividade sintática e a concordância de participante. Espera-se que os resultados e conclusões apresentados neste artigo contribuam na compreensão dos sistemas de transitividade da língua matis, como a concordância de participante e o alinhamento morfossintático.
COMMUNICATION AND SELF-CONCEPT OF CHILDREN WITH DEAF AND SPEECH IMPAIRED
Authors: Mulyadi Eko , Oktavianisya Nelyta , Puspaningrum Ulva
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The communication and interaction is the essence of every human as a social being. But, normal communications is not realyzed by the deaf speaking children. Deaf and speech impaired children affect self-concepts that affect communication. Where it will caused them to become inferior or have less confident. The confidence is begins through the formation of self-concept which formed from the experiences in their social interactions. This study aims to find the description of the communication and self-concept of the deaf and speech impaired children in SLB Darma Wanita Sumenep. Methods: This study used qualitative as a research methode with phenomenology approach. Respondents in this study are students of SLB Darma Wanita Sumenep who deaf and speech impaired start on birth. The sampling technique is used purposive sampling counted 10 respondents.    The data collected by observation and in-depth interviews of respondents. The data were analyze with triagulation of the interview , key person, and observation. Results: Based on the results of this study, known that between the deaf speaking children and the normal people have problems in terms of understanding the symbols and sentences that there not regularly, so they often occur discommunication. The self-concept of deaf speaking children is tend to be shy with the opposite gender, less open with new people, but they have a high spirits for they futures. They need encouragement to socialize with new people and other normal people. It can make their self-concept and self-confidence can be better. Conclusion: The communication deaf and speech impaired children experience obstacles in sending or receiving messages due to interference in understanding the symbols and writing that are given.
THE EVALUATION OF MUNICIPAL TOURIST TAX AWARENESS: THE CASE OF THE CITY OF PORTO
Authors: Borges Ana Pinto , Vieira Elvira , Gomes Sofia
Published: December 2020

Purpose – Evaluation of the municipal tourist tax awareness by tourists visiting the city of Porto, in order to test their knowledge and assessment about it and estimate the consequences on the city’s level of competitiveness, as a tourism destination. Design – This paper integrates the main literature review by using microdata, considering 2.139 answers, which were collected through direct interviews to tourists. Methodology – We use a logit and a generalized linear models. Findings – A little more than half of the tourists have already been aware of the tourist tax, depending on their sociodemographic characteristics, and almost 70,7% classifies the tax as “acceptable”. Two key variables stand out: level of education and nationality of the tourist. The tax is competitive and to guarantee the destination attractiveness it is highlighted that, if the revenue is invested to benefit tourism, providing improved quality services, the demand from the tourists whose profile was already identified, will not possibly be affected. Originality of the research – This study fulfils two gaps: i) the evaluation of the tourists’ awareness regarding the tax application and its assessment, according to their sociodemographic characteristics; and ii) the analysis of the destination’s level of competitiveness.
Matrix Product State Simulations of Non-equilibirum Steady States and Transient Heat Flows in the Two-Bath Spin-Boson Model at Finite Temperatures
Authors: Dunnett Angus , Chin Alex W.
Published: December 2020

Simulating the non-perturbative and non-Markovian dynamics of open quantum systems is a very challenging many body problem, due to the need to evolve both the system and its environments on an equal footing. Tensor network and matrix product states (MPS) have emerged as powerful tools for open system models, but the numerical resources required to treat finite temperature environments grow extremely rapidly and limit their applications. In this study we use time-dependent variational evolution of MPS to expore the striking theory of Tamescelli et al. that shows how finite temperture open dyanmics can be obtained from zero temperature, i.e. pure wave function, simulations. Using this approach, we produce a benchmark data set for the dynamics of the Ohmic spin-boson model across a wide range of coupling and temperatures, and also present detailed analysis of the numerical costs of simulating non-equilibrium steady states, such as those emerging from the non-perturbative coupling of a qubit to baths at different temperatures. Despite ever growing resource requirements, we find that converged non-perturbative results can be obtained, and we discuss a number of recent ideas and numerical techniques that should allow wide application of MPS to complex open quantum systems.
Treatment with Malva verticillata Seed Extracts Alleviates Alopecia via Activation of Wnt/β-catenin Signaling
Authors: Ryu Hwa Sun , Jeong JiYeon , Lee Chun Mong , Lee Jung-No , Park Sung-Min , Lee Yong-Moon
Published: December 2020

Hair loss attributed to excessive stress from work and lifestyle changes has become a growing concern, particularly among young individuals. However, currently used drugs such as minoxidil and finasteride impose a plethora of side effects. Therefore, natural substances as alternatives have garnered research interest. A recent study showed the efficacy of Malva verticillata seed extracts in alleviating hair loss via upregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In this study, the efficacy of M. verticillata seed extracts on alleviation of hair loss was further investigated. Further fractionation and purification of the seed extracts using silica gel column chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography helped identify linoleic acid (LA) and oleic acid as the major bioactive components. LA insufficiency is reported to cause hair loss. However, its mechanism of action is not clearly known. Here, we explored the efficacy of LA treatment on preventing hair loss and its underlying mechanism of action. We found that LA treatment activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and induced dermal papilla cell (DPC) proliferation in cell proliferation assays. Moreover, it increased the expression of cell cycle proteins such as cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2. LA treatment also increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, hepatocyte growth factor, and keratinocyte growth factor in a concentration-dependent manner and significantly inhibited that of DKK-1, induced by dihydrotestosterone. These findings suggest that LA treatment induces hair growth by increasing DPC proliferation and alleviates androgenic alopecia by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in DPCs.
The Writers, Readers and Erasers in Redox Regulation of GAPDH
Authors: Tossounian Maria , Zhang Bruce , Gout Ivan
Published: December 2020

Glyceraldehyde 3–phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a key glycolytic enzyme, which is crucial for the breakdown of glucose to provide cellular energy. Over the past decade, GAPDH has been reported to be one of the most prominent cellular targets of post-translational modifications (PTMs), which divert GAPDH towards different non-glycolytic functions. Hence, it is termed a moonlighting protein. During metabolic and oxidative stress, GAPDH is a target of different oxidative PTMs (oxPTM), e.g. sulfenylation, S-thiolation, nitrosylation and sulfhydration. These modifications alter the enzyme’s conformation, subcellular localization and regulatory interactions with downstream partners, which impact its glycolytic and non-glycolytic functions. In this review, we discuss the redox regulation of GAPDH by different redox writers, which introduce the oxPTM code on GAPDH to instruct a redox response; the GAPDH readers, which decipher the oxPTM code through regulatory interactions and coordinate cellular response via the formation of multi-enzyme signaling complexes; and the redox erasers, which are the reducing systems that regenerate the GAPDH catalytic activity. Human pathologies associated with the oxidation-induced dysregulation of GAPDH are also discussed, featuring the importance of the redox regulation of GAPDH in neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders.
Screening of Cyanide-Utilizing Bacteria from Rumen and In Vitro Evaluation of Fresh Cassava Root Utilization with Pellet Containing High Sulfur Diet
Authors: Prachumchai Rittikeard , Cherdthong Anusorn , Wanapat Metha
Published: December 2020

The current work aimed to screen the ruminal cyanide-utilizing bacteria and evaluate the influence of fresh cassava root (FCR) and pellets containing high sulfur (PELFUR) on cyanide content, kinetics of gas, in vitro degradability, and ruminal fermentation. The experiment was conducted in a Completely randomized design (CRD) for a screening of cyanide-utilizing bacteria and the dietary treatments were the level of cyanide at 0, 150, 300, and 450 ppm. A 5 × 3 factorial arrangement in a Completely randomized design was used for in vitro study. Factor A was the level of FCR at 0, 260, 350, 440, and 530 g/kg of 0.5 g dry matter (DM) substrate, and factor B was the level of PELFUR at 0, 15, and 30 g/kg DM substrate. Adding different doses of cyanide significantly affected cyanide-utilizing rumen bacterial growth (p < 0.05). Increasing the concentration of cyanide from 0 to 150 and 150 to 300 ppm, resulted in an increase in cyanide-utilizing rumen bacteria of 38.2% and 15.0%, respectively. Increasing the FCR level to more than 260 g/kg of 0.5 g substrate could increase cumulative gas production (p < 0.05), whereas increasing doses of PELFUR from 15 to 30 g/kg increased the cumulative gas production when compared with that of 0 g/kg PELFUR (p < 0.05). Cyanide concentration in rumen fluid decreased with PELFUR (p < 0.05) supplementation. Degradability of in vitro dry matter and organic matter following incubation increased at 12 and 24 h due to PELFUR supplementation with FCR and increased additionally with 15 g/kg PELFUR (p < 0.05) in 440 g/kg FCR. Proportions of the total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid (C2), propionic acid (C3), and butyric acid, as well as the ratio of C2 to C3 among supplementations with FCR (p < 0.05) were significantly different. As the proportion of FCR increased to 530 g/kg of the substrate, the volume of C3 increased by 14.6%. This is the first finding of bacteria in the rumen capable of utilizing cyanide, and cyanide might function as a nitrogen source for bacterial cell synthesis. Inclusion of FCR of 530 g/kg with 30 g/kg PELFUR could increase the cumulative gas production, the bacterial population, the in vitro degradability, the proportion of C3, and the rate of the disappearance of cyanide.
4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity Coupled with Nonlinear Electrodynamics
Authors: Kruglov Sergey
Published: December 2020

An exact spherically symmetric and magnetically charged black hole solution in 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics (NED) is obtained. The NED Lagrangian is given by ${\cal L}_{NED} = -{\cal F}/(1+\sqrt[4]{2\beta{\cal F}})$, where ${\cal F}$ is the field invariant. We study the thermodynamics calculating the Hawking temperature and the heat capacity of the black hole. The phase transitions take place when the Hawking temperature has an extremum and the heat capacity is singular. We demonstrate that black holes are thermodynamically stable in some range of event horizon radii where the heat capacity is positive. The BH shadow radii are calculated. It is shown that when increasing the nonlinearity parameter $\beta$ the BH shadow radius is decreased.
Visión de la seguridad informática en tiempos del coronavirus
Authors:   Corporación Universitaria Republicana, Rico Franco John Alexander
Published: December 2020

Este producto digital de investigación esta segmentado en tres módulos principales: el primero es en el cual se exhibirán todas las estrategias y campañas de ataque materializadas por los cibercriminales en esta época tan particular en la que vivimos y con temática del COVID-19; en el segundo se presentaran algunas recomendaciones de seguridad asociadas directamente a las temáticas tratadas en el primer módulo; y el tercero estará enfocado a exponer actualizaciones instantáneas de cualquier evolución presentada en la ventana de vigencia de la pandemia, sobre los temas expuestos en los primeros dos módulos, para así poder conocer integralmente el accionar de los cibercriminales en estas fechas tan volátiles y como poder protegernos proactivamente ante ellos.
Secondary Surgery and Residual Dysplasia Following Late Closed or Open Reduction of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Morris William Z. , Hinds Sean , Worrall Hannah , Jo Chan-Hee , Kim Harry K.W.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Outcomes studies following successful closed reduction of late-detected developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) reveal high rates of secondary reconstructive surgery with limited comparative data demonstrating lower rates of residual dysplasia with open reduction. The purpose of this study was to compare long-term outcomes, with regard to radiographic evidence of residual dysplasia and secondary reconstructive procedures, between late closed and late open reduction for DDH in patients 6 to 24 months of age at reduction.

Methods:

We identified all patients between 6 and 24 months of age who underwent closed or open reduction for DDH between 1980 and 2008 and were followed until at least 10 years of age. Outcomes included radiographic measurement of acetabular dysplasia after triradiate cartilage closure, development of osteonecrosis, and the need for secondary procedures for residual dysplasia.

Results:

One hundred and four hips underwent index closed reduction and 54 hips underwent index open reduction. There was no significant difference in the age at reduction (p = 0.07). Among the 116 hips for which initial anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were available, most closed reductions (55%) were performed in International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) grade-III hips whereas most open reductions (71%) were performed in IHDI grade-IV hips. Analysis of the hips that did not undergo a secondary procedure showed that those with an index open reduction had a greater lateral center-edge angle (mean and standard deviation, 27.2° ± 10.0° versus 22.4° ± 6.8° in the closed reduction cohort; p = 0.02), lower femoral head extrusion index (22.2% ± 8.9% versus 26.0% ± 6.2%; p = 0.04), and lower Sharp angle (43.3° ± 6.0° versus 46.6° ± 3.1°; p = 0.002) at triradiate closure. There was no difference in the prevalence of osteonecrosis (Bucholz-Ogden grades II, III, and IV) between the closed and open reduction cohorts (22% versus 19%, respectively; p = 0.60). Secondary procedures were performed more frequently after closed reduction than after open reduction (47% versus 30%, respectively; p = 0.03).

Conclusions:

In patients with late reduction of DDH, closed reduction was associated with increased residual dysplasia and it was associated with a higher rate of secondary surgery in those >12 months old despite a decreased severity of displacement based on the IHDI classification. Additional, prospective studies with assessment of functional outcomes are needed to validate these findings.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Hard-Soled Shoe Versus Short Leg Cast for a Fifth Metatarsal Base Avulsion Fracture
Authors: Choi Young Rak , Kim Bom Soo , Kim Yu Mi , Park Jae Yong , Cho Jae Ho , Kim Shinseok , Kim Hyong Nyun
Published: December 2020

Background:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether tolerated weight-bearing in a hard-soled shoe was noninferior to the use of a short leg cast for the treatment of a fifth metatarsal base avulsion fracture, as assessed with use of a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) for pain at 6 months after the fracture.

Methods:

A total of 145 patients were assessed for eligibility. Of these, 96 patients were randomly assigned to either the hard-soled shoe group (46 patients) or the cast group (50 patients). The primary outcome measure was the mean difference on the 100-mm VAS between groups at 6 months after the fracture. Secondary outcome measures included the time to return to preinjury activity and patient-reported satisfaction. Analysis was performed according to both an intention-to-treat basis (i.e., patients were included in the assessment of their assigned treatment arm, even if they crossed over to the other treatment arm prior to completing the 6-month follow-up) and a per-protocol basis (i.e., patients who completed the 6-month follow-up were analyzed according to the treatment they received).

Results:

At 6 months after the fracture, the mean 100-mm VAS was 8.6 ± 7.0 mm in the hard-soled shoe group and 9.8 ± 7.3 mm in the cast group (p = 0.41) according to intention-to-treat analysis. The mean difference in 100-mm VAS between the 2 groups was −1.3 mm (95% confidence interval, −4.3 to 1.8 mm). The upper limit of the 95% confidence interval did not exceed the noninferiority margin of 10 mm, indicating that treatment with the hard-soled shoe was noninferior to treatment with the short leg cast. The proportion of patients who reported satisfaction with their treatment was similar between the hard-soled shoe and cast groups (89.5% compared with 87.5%, respectively; p = 0.79), but the time to return to preinjury activity was significantly shorter in the hard-soled shoe group (37.2 ± 14.4 days compared with 43.0 ± 11.1 days in the cast group; p = 0.04). There were no cases of nonunion in either group.

Conclusions:

Weight-bearing as tolerated in a hard-soled shoe for a fifth metatarsal base avulsion fracture was noninferior to the use of a short leg cast as assessed with use of a 100-mm VAS at 6 months after the fracture. Patient-reported satisfaction was similar between groups, but the time to return to preinjury activity was shorter in the hard-soled shoe group.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Witchcraft against Royal Danish Ships in 1589 and the Transnational Transfer of Ideas
Authors: Willumsen Liv Helene
Published: December 2020

This article deals with transnational transfer of ideas about witchcraft at the end of the sixteenth century. The outset is alleged witchcraft performed against a royal Danish fleet that was to carry Princess Anne across the North Sea to her husband, King James VI of Scotland, autumn 1589, and following trials in Copenhagen. These include court records from witchcraft trials and diplomatic correspondence between Denmark, England and Scotland. By close-readings of these texts, a multi-layered narrative emerges. The article sheds light on the routes for transmission of witchcraft ideas, as well as the contemporary context for interpreting witchcraft notions.
The Use of Lockhart’s Memoirs (1714) in the Writings of Eighteenth-Century Whig Historians of the Anglo-Scottish Union (1707)
Authors: Deschamps Yannick
Published: December 2020

Eighteenth-century whig historians of the Union (1707) reacted to Lockhart’s tory-jacobite Memoirs in different ways. While John Oldmixon (1672-1742) incorporated passages from them into his account of the Union for the sake of confuting them, Abel Boyer (1667-1729) and Nicholas Tindal (1687-1774) endorsed them to a large degree, borrowing from them extensively. Then, several historians writing in the mid- to late eighteenth century such as Thomas Somerville (1740-1830) or Malcolm Laing (1762-1818) approached them with an open mind, but also some critical distance, revealing an evolution in British historiography towards a more scholarly approach to historical sources.

Except for Oldmixon’s accounts, all those historians’s expositions of the Union were to some extent impacted by Lockhart’s Memoirs. Far from using the latter only as a storehouse of information on the Union, they were all in some mesure influenced by Lockhart’s vision of that event and, as a result, ideologically hybrid.
Internal Benchmarking of Thermal Power Plants оf Electric Power Systems
Authors: Farhadzadeh E. M. , Muradaliyev A. Z. , Farzaliyev Y. Z. , Ashurova U. K.
Published: December 2020

Improving the operational efficiency (OE) of thermal power plants is one of the most important problems of electric power systems (EPS). According to modern concepts, efficiency is the simultaneous consideration of three properties of objects, viz. economy, reliability and safety. The methodology of their joint assessment assumes that the service life of the main equipment does not exceed the standard value, but this condition is now met by less than half of the production enterprises of a lot of EPS. In order to increase OE, it is necessary, first of all, to learn how to objectively compare the performance of objects both of the same type – in a given time interval, and unique ones – in adjacent intervals. Existing methods for calculating integrated performance indicators do not fully take into account the random nature of technical and economic indicators (TEI). The article presents a new method for comparing the OE of EPS objects, the essence of which is to switch from joint consideration of TEI to analysis of their relative changes in comparison with the factory default value (nominal value). Relative values of indicators characterize the amount of wear or residual life. In this case, for example, the arithmetic mean of the relative values of the TEI determines the average wear of the object. This physical representation enlivens integral indicators, and their comparison and ranking ceases to be science-intensive. It is proposed to take into account also the degree of variation of relative deviations (wear), which is adequate to the object’s misalignment. It manifests itself in a significant change (deterioration) of one or (less often) two relative values of the TEI in the calculated time interval (month) and is characterized by such statistical indicators as the geometric mean and the coefficient of variation of relative deviations. Herewith, if the arithmetic mean value of the object’s wear is restored during major repairs, then the misalignment is eliminated much faster – during current repairs. A necessary condition for the feasibility of using these or those integral indicators is their functional and statistical independence. The results of the studies performed using the simulation method made it possible to establish that the smallest correlation occurs between the integral indicator calculated as the arithmetic mean of random variables and the integral indicator calculated as the coefficient of variation of the same random variables. Comparison of correlation fields clearly confirms these conclusions.
The Eureka Valley Landslide: Evidence of a Dual Failure Mechanism for a Long-Runout Landslide
Authors: Shaller Philip J. , Doroudian Macan , Hart Michael W.
Published: December 2020

Long-runout landslides are well-known and notorious geologic hazards in many mountainous parts of the world. Commonly encompassing enormous volumes of debris, these rapid mass movements place populations at risk through both direct impacts and indirect hazards, such as downstream flooding. Despite their evident risks, the mechanics of these large-scale landslides remain both enigmatic and controversial. In this work, we illuminate the inner workings of one exceptionally well-exposed and well-preserved long-runout landslide of late Pleistocene age located in Eureka Valley, east-central California, Death Valley National Park. The landslide originated in the detachment of more than 5 million m3 of Cambrian bedrock from a rugged northwest-facing outcrop in the northern Last Chance Range. Its relatively compact scale, well-preserved morphology, varied lithologic composition, and strategic dissection by erosional processes render it an exceptional laboratory for the study of the long-runout phenomenon in a dry environment. The landslide in Eureka Valley resembles, in miniature, morphologically similar “Blackhawk-like” landslides on Earth, Mars, and minor planet Ceres, including the well-known but much larger Blackhawk landslide of southern California. Like these other landslides, the landslide in Eureka Valley consists of a lobate, distally raised main lobe bounded by raised lateral levees. Like other terrestrial examples, it is principally composed of pervasively fractured, clast-supported breccia. Based on the geologic characteristics of the landslide and its inferred kinematics, a two-part emplacement mechanism is advanced: (1) a clast-breakage mechanism (cataclasis) active in the bedrock canyon areas and (2) sliding on a substrate of saturated sediments encountered and liquefied by the main lobe of the landslide as it exited the main source canyon. Mechanisms previously hypothesized to explain the high-speed runout and morphology of the landslide and its Blackhawk-like analogs are demonstrably inconsistent with the geology, geomorphology, and mineralogy of the subject deposit and its depositional environment.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Assessment of Patients with Ketamine-Associated Cystitis
Authors: Chen Bo-Han , Yang Ming-Hsin , Kao Chien-Chang , Tsao Chih-Wei , Wu Sheng-Tang , Cha Tai-Lung , Sun Guang-Huan , Yu Dah-Shyong , Meng En
Published: December 2020

Background: Ketamine-associated cystitis (KC) is a new entity of disease. Our aim is to compare the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of urinary bladder in recreational ketamine users with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: MRI of pelvis was performed for 10 consecutive ketamine abusers with KC and 16 healthy young adults at a medical center in the northern Taiwan from January to December, 2011. The thickness of the bladder wall was measured and analyzed. All patients with KC had been diagnosed based on their history, clinical features and urodynamic study. Results: The mean bladder wall thickness of KC patients was significantly thicker than the control group (1.45±0.23 cm vs. 0.62 ± 0.50 cm, p < 0.001). There is significant positive correlation between the duration of ketamine usage and the thickness of bladder wall (r = 0.891, p =0.001); whereas the dosage of ketamine had weak positive correlation with the thickness of bladder wall (r = 0.413, p =0.235). Furthermore, the thickness of bladder wall was also strong correlated with maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP; r = 0.855, p =0.002). Conclusions: Ketamine-associated cystitis causes increased bladder wall thickness which may be related to the bladder outlet obstruction. MRI is a useful tool to evaluate the bladder wall thickness and contributes to the diagnosis of ketamine associated cystitis.