bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mexican Biobank advances population and medical genomics of diverse ancestries
Authors: Sohail Mashaal , Palma-Martínez María J. , Chong Amanda Y. , Quinto-Cortés Consuelo D. , Barberena-Jonas Carmina , Medina-Muñoz Santiago G. , Ragsdale Aaron , Delgado-Sánchez Guadalupe , Cruz-Hervert Luis Pablo , Ferreyra-Reyes Leticia , Ferreira-Guerrero Elizabeth , Mongua-Rodríguez Norma , Canizales-Quintero Sergio , Jimenez-Kaufmann Andrés , Moreno-Macías Hortensia , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A. , Auckland Kathryn , Cortés Adrián , Acuña-Alonzo Víctor , Gignoux Christopher R. , Wojcik Genevieve L. , Ioannidis Alexander G. , Fernández-Valverde Selene L. , Hill Adrian V. S. , Tusié-Luna María Teresa , Mentzer Alexander J. , Novembre John , García-García Lourdes , Moreno-Estrada Andrés
Published: October 2023

Latin America continues to be severely underrepresented in genomics research, and fine-scale genetic histories and complex trait architectures remain hidden owing to insufficient data1. To fill this gap, the Mexican Biobank project genotyped 6,057 individuals from 898 rural and urban localities across all 32 states in Mexico at a resolution of 1.8 million genome-wide markers with linked complex trait and disease information creating a valuable nationwide genotype–phenotype database. Here, using ancestry deconvolution and inference of identity-by-descent segments, we inferred ancestral population sizes across Mesoamerican regions over time, unravelling Indigenous, colonial and postcolonial demographic dynamics2–6. We observed variation in runs of homozygosity among genomic regions with different ancestries reflecting distinct demographic histories and, in turn, different distributions of rare deleterious variants. We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 22 complex traits and found that several traits are better predicted using the Mexican Biobank GWAS compared to the UK Biobank GWAS7,8. We identified genetic and environmental factors associating with trait variation, such as the length of the genome in runs of homozygosity as a predictor for body mass index, triglycerides, glucose and height. This study provides insights into the genetic histories of individuals in Mexico and dissects their complex trait architectures, both crucial for making precision and preventive medicine initiatives accessible worldwide.
Ultra-fast deep-learned CNS tumour classification during surgery
Authors: Vermeulen C. , Pagès-Gallego M. , Kester L. , Kranendonk M. E. G. , Wesseling P. , Verburg N. , de Witt Hamer P. , Kooi E. J. , Dankmeijer L. , van der Lugt J. , van Baarsen K. , Hoving E. W. , Tops B. B. J. , de Ridder J.
Published: October 2023

Central nervous system tumours represent one of the most lethal cancer types, particularly among children1. Primary treatment includes neurosurgical resection of the tumour, in which a delicate balance must be struck between maximizing the extent of resection and minimizing risk of neurological damage and comorbidity2,3. However, surgeons have limited knowledge of the precise tumour type prior to surgery. Current standard practice relies on preoperative imaging and intraoperative histological analysis, but these are not always conclusive and occasionally wrong. Using rapid nanopore sequencing, a sparse methylation profile can be obtained during surgery4. Here we developed Sturgeon, a patient-agnostic transfer-learned neural network, to enable molecular subclassification of central nervous system tumours based on such sparse profiles. Sturgeon delivered an accurate diagnosis within 40 minutes after starting sequencing in 45 out of 50 retrospectively sequenced samples (abstaining from diagnosis of the other 5 samples). Furthermore, we demonstrated its applicability in real time during 25 surgeries, achieving a diagnostic turnaround time of less than 90 min. Of these, 18 (72%) diagnoses were correct and 7 did not reach the required confidence threshold. We conclude that machine-learned diagnosis based on low-cost intraoperative sequencing can assist neurosurgical decision-making, potentially preventing neurological comorbidity and avoiding additional surgeries.
Apoptotic stress causes mtDNA release during senescence and drives the SASP
Authors: Victorelli Stella , Salmonowicz Hanna , Chapman James , Martini Helene , Vizioli Maria Grazia , Riley Joel S. , Cloix Catherine , Hall-Younger Ella , Machado Espindola-Netto Jair , Jurk Diana , Lagnado Anthony B. , Sales Gomez Lilian , Farr Joshua N. , Saul Dominik , Reed Rebecca , Kelly George , Eppard Madeline , Greaves Laura C. , Dou Zhixun , Pirius Nicholas , Szczepanowska Karolina , Porritt Rebecca A. , Huang Huijie , Huang Timothy Y. , Mann Derek A. , Masuda Claudio Akio , Khosla Sundeep , Dai Haiming , Kaufmann Scott H. , Zacharioudakis Emmanouil , Gavathiotis Evripidis , LeBrasseur Nathan K. , Lei Xue , Sainz Alva G. , Korolchuk Viktor I. , Adams Peter D. , Shadel Gerald S. , Tait Stephen W. G. , Passos João F.
Published: October 2023

Senescent cells drive age-related tissue dysfunction partially through the induction of a chronic senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)1. Mitochondria are major regulators of the SASP; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated2. Mitochondria are often essential for apoptosis, a cell fate distinct from cellular senescence. During apoptosis, widespread mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) commits a cell to die3. Here we find that MOMP occurring in a subset of mitochondria is a feature of cellular senescence. This process, called minority MOMP (miMOMP), requires BAX and BAK macropores enabling the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the cytosol. Cytosolic mtDNA in turn activates the cGAS–STING pathway, a major regulator of the SASP. We find that inhibition of MOMP in vivo decreases inflammatory markers and improves healthspan in aged mice. Our results reveal that apoptosis and senescence are regulated by similar mitochondria-dependent mechanisms and that sublethal mitochondrial apoptotic stress is a major driver of the SASP. We provide proof-of-concept that inhibition of miMOMP-induced inflammation may be a therapeutic route to improve healthspan.
Maximizing reusability of learning objects through machine learning techniques
Authors: Amane Meryem , Gouiouez Mounir , Berrada Mohammed
Published: October 2023

Maximizing the reusability of learning objects through machine learning techniques has significantly transformed the landscape of e-learning systems. This progress has fostered authentic resource sharing and expanded opportunities for learners to explore these materials with ease. Consequently, a pressing need arises for an efficient categorization system to organize these learning objects effectively. This study consists of two primary phases. Firstly, we extract metadata from learning objects using web exploration algorithms, specifically employing feature selection techniques to identify the most relevant features while eliminating redundant ones. This step drastically reduces the dataset’s dimensionality, enabling the creation of practical and useful models. In the second phase, we employ machine learning algorithms to categorize learning objects based on their specific forms of similarity. These algorithms are adept at accurately classifying objects by measuring their similarity using Euclidean distance metrics. To evaluate the effectiveness of learning objects through machine learning techniques, a series of experimental studies were conducted using a real-world dataset. The results of this study demonstrate that the proposed machine learning approach surpasses traditional methods, yielding promising and efficient outcomes for enhancing learning object reusability.
Prognostic significance of serum fucosylated pro-haptoglobin in advanced renal cell carcinoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Kato Taigo , Morishita Koichi , Tomiyama Eisuke , Hayashibara Ayumu , Ishizuya Yu , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Hatano Koji , Kawashima Atsunari , Fukuhara Shinichiro , Nonomura Norio , Miyoshi Eiji , Fujita Kazutoshi
Published: October 2023

With the widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), identifying predictive biomarkers is critical. Recently, serum fucosylated haptoglobin (Fuc-Hp) was thought to play an important role in tumour immunity in several types of cancer. Therefore, evaluating serum Fuc-Hp in the peripheral blood can potentially identify non-invasive predictive biomarkers for the clinical efficacy of ICIs. In this study, 31 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with nivolumab were enrolled and defined as responders or non-responders according to RECIST criteria. Serum samples were collected before and 1 month after treatment initiation, and an ELISA assay was performed using Aleuria Aurantia Lectin (AAL) and 10-7G monoclonal antibodies that recognise Fuc-mature Hp (Fuc-mHp) and Fuc-pro Hp (Fuc-pHp), respectively. We first measured AAL-haptoglobin (Fuc-mHp) and total haptoglobin levels before nivolumab and found that neither value could predict the clinical response. Notably, serum 10-7G levels were significantly lower in the responder group (p = 0.035). We also confirmed the use of serum 10-7G levels for predicting progressive disease after nivolumab (area under the curve, 0.816). Accordingly, low 10-7G levels were significantly correlated with better progression-free survival (p = 0.041). In conclusion, serum Fuc-pHp analysis may identify patients with advanced RCC who benefit from ICIs.
Anisotropy in spinodal-like dynamics of unknown water at ice V–water interface
Authors: Niinomi Hiromasa , Yamazaki Tomoya , Nada Hiroki , Hama Tetsuya , Kouchi Akira , Oshikiri Tomoya , Nakagawa Masaru , Kimura Yuki
Published: October 2023

Experimentally demonstrating the existence of waters with local structures unlike that of common water is critical for understanding both the origin of the mysterious properties of water and liquid polymorphism in single component liquids. At the interfaces between water and ices Ih, III, and VI grown/melted under pressure, we previously discovered low- and high-density unknown waters, that are immiscible with the surrounding water. Here, we show, by in-situ optical microscopy, that an unknown water appears at the ice V–water interface via spinodal-like dynamics. The dewetting dynamics of the unknown water indicate that its characteristic velocity is ~ 90 m/s. The time evolution of the characteristic length of the spinodal-like undulation suggests that the dynamics may be described by a common model for spinodal decomposition of an immiscible liquid mixture. Spinodal-like dewetting dynamics of the unknown water transiently showed anisotropy, implying the property of a liquid crystal.
Experimental analysis of oil flow and drag torque generation in disengaged wet clutches
Authors: Pointner-Gabriel Lukas , Schermer Elias , Schneider Thomas , Stahl Karsten
Published: October 2023

Fundamental knowledge of the oil flow in a disengaged wet clutch is essential for optimizing the cooling performance and the drag losses. However, no fundamental information on the oil flow and drag torque generation is available for dip-lubricated wet clutches. Therefore, the oil flow and drag torque generation in the sub-millimeter gap of a dip-lubricated wet clutch was experimentally investigated for three practically relevant oil levels. To enable optical access to the gap, transparent components were used. Further, a high-speed camera was used to capture the oil flow in the gap and grooving. Independent of the set oil level, the gap is oil-filled at low differential speeds, resulting in a single-phase flow. The drag torque increases approximately linearly with increasing differential speed due to the fluid shearing. In certain regions of the waffle grooving, air bubbles form locally. The air bubbles preferably occur in the grooves oriented in the radial direction, while the grooves oriented in the peripheral direction are filled with oil. Above a certain differential speed, the oil is continuously displaced from the gap, starting from the inside, due to the increasing centrifugal force. Consequently, the drag torque increases in a degressive manner until a maximum value is finally reached. The ongoing displacement of oil from the gap eventually results in a decrease in the drag torque. A steady drag torque is generated only when the oil is almost entirely displaced from the gap. Since the oil displacement from the gap already commences at a low differential speed, the cooling performance is limited for dip-lubricated wet clutches. The continuous displacement of oil from the gap can be held up, among other things, by increasing the oil level.
The effects of lineup size on the processes underlying eyewitness decisions
Authors: Menne Nicola Marie , Winter Kristina , Bell Raoul , Buchner Axel
Published: October 2023

Here we apply the two-high threshold eyewitness identification model to identify the effects of lineup size on the detection-based and non-detection-based processes underlying eyewitness decisions. In Experiment 1, lineup size was manipulated by showing participants simultaneous or sequential lineups that contained either three or six persons. In Experiment 2, the lineups contained either two or five persons. In both experiments, the culprit was better detected in smaller than in larger lineups. Furthermore, participants made fewer guessing-based selections in smaller than in larger lineups. However, guessing-based selection in larger lineups was not increased to a level sufficient to offset the effect of increased protection of suspects in larger lineups due to the fact that the guessing-based selections that occur are distributed across more persons. The results show that increasing the lineup size causes several changes in the detection-based and non-detection-based processes underlying eyewitness decisions.
CFD-DEM model of plugging in flow with cohesive particles
Authors: Saparbayeva Nazerke , Balakin Boris V.
Published: October 2023

Plugging in flows with cohesive particles is crucial in many industrial and real-life applications such as hemodynamics, water distribution, and petroleum flow assurance. Although probabilistic models for plugging risk estimation are presented in the literature, multiple details of the process remain unclear. In this paper, we present a CFD-DEM model of plugging validated against several experimental benchmarks. Using the simulations, we consider the process of plugging in a slurry of ice in decane, focusing on inter-particle collisions and plugging dynamics. We conduct a parametric study altering the Reynolds number (3000...9000), particle concentration (1.6...7.3%), and surface energy (21...541 mJ/m$$^2$$

2

). We note the process possesses complex non-linear behaviour for the cases where particle-wall adhesion reduces by more than 20% relative to inter-particle cohesion. Finally, we demonstrate how the simulation results match the flow maps based on the third-party experiments.
Computing all persistent subspaces of a reaction-diffusion system
Authors: Peter Stephan , Woitke Linus , Dittrich Peter , Ibrahim Bashar
Published: October 2023

An algorithm is presented for computing a reaction-diffusion partial differential equation (PDE) system for all possible subspaces that can hold a persistent solution of the equation. For this, all possible sub-networks of the underlying reaction network that are distributed organizations (DOs) are identified. Recently it has been shown that a persistent subspace must be a DO. The algorithm computes the hierarchy of DOs starting from the largest by a linear programming approach using integer cuts. The underlying constraints use elementary reaction closures as minimal building blocks to guarantee local closedness and global self-maintenance, required for a DO. Additionally, the algorithm delivers for each subspace an affiliated set of organizational reactions and minimal compartmentalization that is necessary for this subspace to persist. It is proved that all sets of organizational reactions of a reaction network, as already DOs, form a lattice. This lattice contains all potentially persistent sets of reactions of all constrained solutions of reaction-diffusion PDEs. This provides a hierarchical structure of all persistent subspaces with regard to the species and also to the reactions of the reaction-diffusion PDE system. Here, the algorithm is described and the corresponding Python source code is provided. Furthermore, an analysis of its run time is performed and all models from the BioModels database as well as further examples are examined. Apart from the practical implications of the algorithm the results also give insights into the complexity of solving reaction-diffusion PDEs.
Predicting maximum temperatures over India 10-days ahead using machine learning models
Authors: Ratnam J. V. , Behera Swadhin K. , Nonaka Masami , Martineau Patrick , Patil Kalpesh R.
Published: October 2023

In the months of March-June, India experiences high daytime temperatures (Tmax), which sometimes lead to heatwave-like conditions over India. In this study, 10 different machine learning models are evaluated for their ability to predict the daily Tmax anomalies 10 days ahead in the months of March-June. Several model experiments were carried out to identify an optimal model to predict daily Tmax anomalies over India. The results indicate that the AdaBoost regressor with Multi-layer Perceptron as the base estimator is an optimal model to predict the Tmax anomalies over India in the months of March-June. The optimal model predictions are benchmarked against 10-day persistence predictions and the predictions from the Climate Forecast System (CFS) reforecast. The results indicate that the machine learning model skill is higher than persistence and comparable to CFS reforecast 10-day predictions in April and May. In March and June, the machine learning models have low skill scores and perform no better than persistence. These results indicate that the machine learning models are promising tools to predict the surface air maximum temperature anomalies over India in April and May and can complement predictions from more sophisticated numerical models.
Long-lasting effects of World War II trauma on PTSD symptoms and embodiment levels in a national sample of Poles
Authors: Rzeszutek Marcin , Dragan Małgorzata , Lis-Turlejska Maja , Schier Katarzyna , Holas Paweł , Pięta Małgorzata , Van Hoy Angelika , Drabarek Katarzyna , Poncyliusz Cecylia , Michałowska Magdalena , Wdowczyk Gabriela , Borowska Natalia , Szumiał Szymon
Published: October 2023

The main aim of this study was to investigate the long-lasting influences of World War II (WWII) trauma in a national sample of Poles, based on Danieli’s (1998) survivors’ post-trauma adaptational styles (fighter, numb, victim) and their link with current post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and embodiment level among participants. We also sought to investigate whether the level of knowledge about WWII trauma among ancestors could moderate that association. The study was conducted among a representative sample of 1598 adult Poles obtained from an external company. Participants filled out the Danieli Inventory of Multigenerational Legacies of Trauma, the knowledge about traumatic World War II experiences in the family questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale-5, and the Experience of Embodiment Scale. We observed a positive relationship between all survivors’ post-trauma adaptational styles and current levels of PTSD symptoms among participants. In addition, PTSD level mediated the relationships between those adaptational styles and embodiment intensity; that mediation was additionally moderated by a lack of knowledge about WWII trauma among ancestors in our participants. Our study adds to the literature on intergenerational trauma by highlighting the importance of evaluating embodiment in understanding the mechanisms of trauma transmission. Furthermore, it highlights the moderating effect of knowledge of family history in this mechanism and the need to share family histories with subsequent generations.
Human equivalent doses of l-DOPA rescues retinal morphology and visual function in a murine model of albinism
Authors: Sanchez-Bretano Aida , Keeling Eloise , Scott Jennifer A. , Lynn Savannah A. , Soundara-Pandi Sudha Priya , Macdonald Sarah L. , Newall Tutte , Griffiths Helen , Lotery Andrew J. , Ratnayaka J. Arjuna , Self Jay E. , Lee Helena
Published: October 2023

l-DOPA is deficient in the developing albino eye, resulting in abnormalities of retinal development and visual impairment. Ongoing retinal development after birth has also been demonstrated in the developing albino eye offering a potential therapeutic window in humans. To study whether human equivalent doses of l-DOPA/Carbidopa administered during the crucial postnatal period of neuroplasticity can rescue visual function, OCA C57BL/6 J-c2J OCA1 mice were treated with a 28-day course of oral l-DOPA/Carbidopa at 3 different doses from 15 to 43 days postnatal age (PNA) and for 3 different lengths of treatment, to identify optimum dosage and treatment length. Visual electrophysiology, acuity, and retinal morphology were measured at 4, 5, 6, 12 and 16 weeks PNA and compared to untreated C57BL/6 J (WT) and OCA1 mice. Quantification of PEDF, βIII-tubulin and syntaxin-3 expression was also performed. Our data showed impaired retinal morphology, decreased retinal function and lower visual acuity in untreated OCA1 mice compared to WT mice. These changes were diminished or eliminated when treated with higher doses of l-DOPA/Carbidopa. Our results demonstrate that oral l-DOPA/Carbidopa supplementation at human equivalent doses during the postnatal critical period of retinal neuroplasticity can rescue visual retinal morphology and retinal function, via PEDF upregulation and modulation of retinal synaptogenesis, providing a further step towards developing an effective treatment for albinism patients.
Detection of heavy metals and VOCs in streambed sediment indicates anthropogenic impact on intermittent streams of the U.S. Virgin Islands
Authors: Lancellotti Brittany V. , Hensley David A. , Stryker Race
Published: October 2023

Global surges in industrialization and human development have resulted in environmental contamination. Streambed sediment contamination threatens ecological and human health due to groundwater leaching and downstream contaminant mobilization. This is especially true in the wider Caribbean region, where streambed sediment contamination is understudied. In the current study, we assessed human impact on intermittent streams by measuring heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in streambed sediment on St. Croix in the United States Virgin Islands (USVI), where intermittent streams receive limited conservation and research attention. In contrast to our hypothesis that streambed sediment pollutant concentrations would be higher in developed, compared to undeveloped areas, contaminant concentrations did not vary significantly according to land cover. Elevated lead, mercury, and zinc concentrations were correlated with commercial building density, suggesting an unnatural origin of these elements in streambed sediment. At some sites, levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, thallium, or zinc exceeded regulatory limits. The most prevalent VOCs at both developed and undeveloped sites were benzene and toluene. Sub-groups of heavy metals identified by principal component analysis indicated potential pollution sources, including fuel combustion (chromium, nickel, arsenic, selenium), vehicle exhaust, oil refining, and gasoline leaks (2-butanone and xylenes), and plastics (acetone and styrene). Our results suggest USVI intermittent streams require further research attention and intervention strategies for pollution reduction.
Identification of novel therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in matrix metalloproteinase gene family in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Luan Hong , Jian Linge , Huang Yuyan , Guo Yutong , Zhou Liping
Published: October 2023

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an essential role in various physiological events. Recent studies have revealed its carcinogenic effect in malignancies. However, the different expression patterns, prognostic value, and immunological value of MMPs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are yet to be comprehensively explored. We utilized Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Gene Expression Omnibus databases to explore the abnormal expression of MMPs in PDAC. Then, Kaplan–Meier survival curve and Cox regression analysis were performed to assess the prognostic value of MMPs. Association between MMPs expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed through UALCAN website. Functional annotations and GSEA analysis were performed to excavate the possible signaling pathways involving prognostic-related MMP. TIMER and TISCH database were used to performed immune infiltration analysis. The expression of prognostic-related MMP in pancreatic cancer cell lines and normal pancreatic cells was detected by Real time quantitative PCR. We observed that 10 MMP genes were consistently up-regulated in GEPIA and GSE62452 dataset. Among them, five highly expressed MMPs (MMP1, MMP3, MMP11, MMP14, MMP28) were closely related to poor clinical outcomes of PDAC patients. Cox regression analysis indicated MMP28 was a risk factor influencing the overall survival of patients. In the clinicopathological analysis, up-regulated MMP28 was significantly associated with higher tumor grade and the mutation status of TP53. GSEA analysis demonstrated that high expression of MMP28 was involved in “interferon_alpha_response” and “P53_pathway”. Immune infiltration analysis showed that there was no correlation between MMP28 expression and immune cell infiltration. Single-cell sequencing analysis showed MMP28 has strong correlations with malignant cells and stromal cells infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. And MMP28 was highly expressed in various pancreatic cancer cell lines. In conclusion, MMP28 may represent a potential prognosis biomarker and novel therapeutic molecular targets for PDAC.
Resting metabolic rate is increased after a series of whole body vibration in young men
Authors: Maciejczyk Marcin , Bawelski Marek , Wiecek Magdalena , Palka Tomasz , Bujas Przemyslaw , Piotrowska Anna , Szygula Zbigniew
Published: October 2023

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is the largest component of total energy expenditure and increasing it can be of great importance in reducing excess body fatness. Whole body vibration (WBV) can affect energy expenditure during single session of WBV, but the effects of repeated WBV on resting metabolic rate have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a series of WBV would increase resting metabolism in young men. Thirty-two healthy men aged of 21–23 were recruited and randomly assigned to two 16-member groups: a group participating in the WBV intervention and a group without the intervention. The intervention lasted 2 weeks and WBV was performed 5 times a week. Diet, physical activity, body composition and resting metabolic rate were analyzed in the participants. In WBV group significantly increased resting oxygen uptake (p = 0.049) and consequently RMR (p = 0.035) after the intervention. Similar changes were not observed in the control group. This indicates that applied type of vibration in this study can be an addition to obesity therapy, in which, WBV can, among other beneficial metabolic effects, increase RMR and thus total energy expenditure.
Association between obesity and urinary incontinence in older adults from multiple nationwide longitudinal cohorts
Authors: Chen Xiyin , Jiang Shaoxiang , Yao Yao
Published: October 2023

Background

Obesity and urinary incontinence (UI) among older adults, particularly older men, are yet to be fully explored. Utilizing multiple nationwide prospective longitudinal cohorts representative of the US, UK, and European samples, we examined the association of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with UI among both older women and men.

Methods

We derived the data from multiple longitudinal cohorts that surveyed UI. Participants were asked if they had experienced urine leakage within the past 12 months or within the past six months. The measure of obesity was based on BMI and WC. We employed a random-effect logistic model to associate BMI and WC with UI, adjusting for covariates including age, race, education, residence area, marital status, number of children, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, stroke, functional ability, and cognitive impairment. We visualized the associations by using restricted cubic spline curves.

Results

A total of 200,717 participants with 718,822 observations are included in the baseline analysis. Compared to those without UI, both female and male participants with UI demonstrate a higher BMI and WC. Among females, the fully adjusted models show linear associations between BMI, WC, and UI (Ps < 0.001). However, we observe U-shaped associations of BMI, WC with UI among males. The lowest likelihood of having UI is found among male participants with a BMI between 24 and 35 kg/m2.

Conclusions

Interventions aimed at preventing UI among older adults must take sex into account. Weight loss intervention could be an effective treatment among older females who are overweight and with obesity as well as older males with obesity rather than all older males.
Surfactant-based Electrochemical Sensing and Bio-sensing: Safety and Toxicity
Authors: Salagare Shridevi , Ashoka S. , Adarakatti Prashanth S.
Published: October 2023

Due to their distinctive structures, which consist of two different molecular portions and a great variety of options, surfactants are widely utilized in various industrial products, including detergents, medications and anti-corrosive treatments. In numerous research domains, particularly in nanotechnology, surfactants have made a substantial contribution as well. For instance, the amphiphilic properties of surfactants have been used to stabilize hydrophobic nanoparticles in water, opening access to a wide range of solution-processed nanomaterial-based scalable applications. Surfactants have a significant role as an ingredient in the creation of well-controlled nanoparticles. The development of colorimetric sensors, which are of enormous interest in many interdisciplinary applications due to their simplicity, practical applicability, cost-effective production, high stability, and high selectivity, has been made possible by surfactant-assisted metallic nanoparticle production. In order to maximize the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor, surfactants that are added during nanoparticle synthesis are essential since they have a direct impact on the characteristics of the nanoparticle characteristics. A new class of magnetic surfactants has also been introduced for use in drug delivery applications. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the fundamentals of surfactants and their applications for the development of nanotechnology.
“Glow ELISA”: sensitive immunoassay with minimal equipment and stable reagents
Authors: Vu Binh V. , Brosamer Kristen , McDaniel Naiyah , Kourentzi Katerina , Willson Richard C. , Fernando Harshica
Published: October 2023

Glow enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (glow ELISA) uses inexpensive and shelf-stable glow stick reagents to chemically excite fluorescent reporters, obviating the need for excitation light sources, filters, and complex optics.
A novel low-cost plug-and-play multi-spectral LED based fluorometer, with application to chlorophyll detection
Authors: Power Sean M. , Free Louis , Delgado Adrian , Richards Chloe , Alvarez-Gomez Elena , Briciu-Burghina Ciprian , Regan Fiona
Published: October 2023

Low-cost multispectral optical fluorometer for in vivo and in vitro Chl a detection and quantifictaion.
Fluid flow-induced modulation of viability and osteodifferentiation of periodontal ligament stem cell spheroids-on-chip
Authors: Mishra Apurva , Kai Ren , Atkuru Srividya , Dai Yichen , Piccinini Filippo , Preshaw Philip M. , Sriram Gopu
Published: October 2023

Microfluidic spheroid-on-chip emulates physiologically relevant low fluid shear stress, resulting in improved PDLSC viability, enhanced osteodifferentiation, and uniform calcium deposition, offering new possibilities for periodontal research.
A Gemini basic ionic liquid and functionalized cellulose nanocrystal-based mixed matrix membrane for CO2/N2 separation
Authors: Bora Prarthana , Bhuyan Chinmoy , Rajguru Parashmoni , Hazarika Swapnali
Published: October 2023

An energy efficient and durable solution for high CO2 emission has been introduced via the development of an ionic liquid and amine channelized mixed matrix membrane with high CO2 permeance and CO2/N2 selectivity.
Insight into active sites of nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst by stochastic collision electrochemistry
Authors: Zong Jianwei , Wu Wenjie , Mao Lanqun , Yu Ping
Published: October 2023

This work demonstrates a stochastic collision electrochemistry method for identifying the intrinsic active sites of electrocatalysts.
Dual-phase B-doped FeCoNiCuPd high-entropy alloys for nitrogen electroreduction to ammonia
Authors: Wen Yankun , Zhang Wenchao , Wang Xiaofan , Lu Shuanglong , Duan Fang , Zhu Han , Du Mingliang
Published: October 2023

Dual-phase B-doped FeCoNiCuPd HEA nanoparticles were synthesized and achieved an outstanding NRR performance with an ammonia yield of 24.8 μmol h−1 cm−2 and NH3 faradaic efficiency of 39.2%.
High-entropy wire-on-sheet nanoarray catalyst with boosted pre-oxidation for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Hao Min , Chen Jing , Liu Zimeng , Sun Xiaoning , Liu Shanshan , Lei Fengcai , Sun Xu , Xie Junfeng , Tang Bo
Published: October 2023

Herein, a septenary hydroxide nanoarray catalyst with a unique wire-on-sheet morphology and high-entropy feature was fabricated, which exhibits boosted pre-oxidation behavior and enhanced performance towards the oxygen evolution reaction.
A theoretical study on hydrated sodium ion–phenylalanine clusters Na+(Phe)(H2O)n (n = 0–6; Phe = phenylalanine)
Authors: Gao Haiyang , Xiong Mo , Kong Chuncai , Yang Zhimao , Yang Tao
Published: October 2023

Geometries, electronic structures, bonding properties, and dynamic stabilities of Na+(Phe)(H2O)n (n = 0–6), which are prototypical of cation–π interactions in biological systems, were studied using DFT calculations and AIMD simulations.
An effective model for sodium insertion in hard carbons
Authors: Nguyen Huy Sy , Latz Arnulf
Published: October 2023

The schematic of effective model for Na insertion in hard carbons.
An all-dielectric metasurface based on Fano resonance with tunable dual-peak insensitive polarization for high-performance refractive index sensing
Authors: Liu Zeqian , Du Jiansen , Chi Zongtao , Cong Hailin , Wang Bin
Published: October 2023

The proposed all-dielectric metasurface has superior refractive index sensing performance and is insensitive to the polarization state of the incident light.
Anion dynamics and motional decoupling in a glycerol–choline chloride deep eutectic solvent studied by one- and two-dimensional 35Cl NMR
Authors: Hinz Yannik , Beerwerth Joachim , Böhmer Roland
Published: October 2023

One- and two-dimensional 35Cl NMR resolves chlorine motion in glyceline in a wide temperature range.
Lone-pair, electron-dominated, nonlinear optical responses in sulfur clusters and electric tunability properties
Authors: Zhong Quanjie
Published: October 2023

Sulfur clusters possess broad transmittance bands, exhibit size and electric field dependent nonlinear optical responses, holding promise as a nonlinear active medium in photonic and optoelectronic devices.
A kinetic study of the reactions of atomic bromine with the trimethylbenzenes
Authors: Roscoe John M.
Published: October 2023

The rate coefficient for abstraction of a hydrogen from CH3 by Br depends on the distribution of the other methyl groups around the ring.
Tunable metal–organic frameworks assist in catalyzing DNAzymes with amplification platforms for biomedical applications
Authors: Zhu Xiaoguang , Xu Jiaqi , Ling Guixia , Zhang Peng
Published: October 2023

Various binding modes of tunable metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and functional DNAzymes (Dzs) synergistically catalyze the emergence of abundant functional nanoplatforms.
Chiral supramolecular polymers
Authors: García Fátima , Gómez Rafael , Sánchez Luis
Published: October 2023

Within the field of supramolecular polymers, chiral supramolecular polymers are an excellent benchmark to generate helical structures that can clarify the origin of homochirality in Nature or to find out new exciting functionalities of organic materials.
Amorphous zeolite imidazole framework-derived hierarchically porous and multi-catalytic active site bifunctional catalysts for zinc–air batteries
Authors: Ye Supeng , Zhang Yunxian , Lin Fei , Huang Yingjian , Zhou Xuelong , Wu Qixing , Wang Fang
Published: October 2023

Hierarchical porous Co–NC compounds embedded with CoFe alloys were successfully synthesized by a facile salt template-assisted strategy and exhibited excellent catalytic activity and durability as bifunctional oxygen catalysts for zinc–air batteries.
Fabricating carbon-based electrode materials via uptake of amino nano-polystyrene into Pistia stratiotes roots for enhancing supercapacitance
Authors: Su Liru , Li Jinling , Ran Fen
Published: October 2023

By recycling nano plastics into new form of energy storage materials, the authors report a novel method including uptake by plant and high-temperature carbonization for the fields of both recycling pollution and fabricating advanced materials at the same time.
Valorization of waste coffee grounds into microporous carbon materials for CO2 adsorption
Authors: Kim Choong-Hee , Lee Seul-Yi , Park Soo-Jin
Published: October 2023

Our research is primarily focused on the valorization of the vast accumulation of coffee-waste for mitigating the alarming levels of greenhouse gas by adsorption from flue gas.
Controlling bead and cell mobility in a recirculating hanging-drop network
Authors: Rousset Nassim , de Geus Martina , Chimisso Vittoria , Kaestli Alicia J. , Hierlemann Andreas , Lohasz Christian
Published: October 2023

Recirculating less than 250 μL of medium in a closed-loop hanging-drop network with on-chip pneumatic pumps. Actuating drop height changes whether cells and beads stagnate or flow freely, effectively controlling their residence time in culture drops.
In situ spatiotemporal characterization and analysis of chemical reactions using an ATR-integrated microfluidic reactor
Authors: Srivastava K. , Boyle N. D. , Flaman G. T. , Ramaswami B. , van den Berg A. , van der Stam W. , Burgess I. J. , Odijk M.
Published: October 2023

An ATR-integrated microreactor with the ability to spatiotemporally characterize an in situ monitored chemical reaction to obtain chemical and kinetic information.
Huperzine alkaloids: forty years of total syntheses
Authors: Cheng Bichu , Song Lili , Chen Fener
Published: October 2023

This review discusses the synthetic chemistry of huperzine A, a potent inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase (AChE), followed by the advancements in other alkaloids of the family. The analogs and medicinal chemistry of huperzines are summarized.
Nature-inspired designs for disordered acoustic bandgap materials
Authors: Li Xinzhi , Bi Dapeng
Published: October 2023

We introduce an amorphous mechanical metamaterial inspired by how cells pack in biological tissues.
Static wetting of a barrel-shaped droplet on a soft-layer-coated fiber
Authors: Zheng Bo Xue , Pedersen Christian , Carlson Andreas , Chan Tak Shing
Published: October 2023

A droplet can deform a soft substrate due to capillary forces when they are in contact.
Curvature screening in draped mechanical metamaterial sheets
Authors: Roy Sourav , Santangelo Christian D.
Published: October 2023

We develop a framework to study the mechanics of metamaterial sheets on curved substrates.
Revealing insights into the axial coordination effect of M–N4 catalysts on electrocatalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Ni Youxuan , Xie Weiwei , Chen Jun
Published: October 2023

A new descriptor (N(dz2) + N(pz)) is proposed to judge the impact of axial coordination on the activity of M–N4 catalysts.
Li–Mn–O Li-rich cation disordered rock-salt cathode materials do not undergo reversible oxygen redox during cycling
Authors: Yin Wei , Alvarado Judith , Kedzie Elyse A. , McCloskey Bryan D. , Dun Chaochao , Urban Jeffrey J. , Zhuo Zengqing , Yang Wanli , Doeff Marca M.
Published: October 2023

A comprehensive study of Li4Mn2O5 (LMO) shows that it does not undergo reversible oxygen redox when charged in lithium cells. The electrochemical properties can be substantially improved by modification with spinel (LMO-s).
Efficiency boosting in Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells enabled by tailoring bandgap gradient via a hybrid growth method
Authors: Wang Yazi , Ji Seunghwan , Moon Choongman , Chu Jinwoo , Jung Hee Joon , Shin Byungha
Published: October 2023

A novel hybrid growth method involving the first-stage hydrothermal deposition (HTD) process and the second-stage vapor transport deposition (VTD) enables an optimal bandgap gradient in Sb2(S,Se)3, ultimately leading to a remarkable efficiency improvement in Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells.
Phosphatidylserine-functionalized liposomes-in-microgels for delivering genistein to effectively treat ulcerative colitis
Authors: Yan Huijia , Li Yanfei , Li Sihui , Wu Di , Xu Yu , Hu Jiangning
Published: October 2023

A novel microgel oral delivery system effectively delivers Gen to the colonic inflammation site and significantly alleviates UC symptoms.
Advancement in total hip implant: a comprehensive review of mechanics and performance parameters across diverse novelties
Authors: Soliman Md Mohiuddin , Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Chowdhury Muhammad E. H. , Alqahtani Abdulrahman , Musharavati Farayi , Alam Touhidul , Alshammari Ahmed S. , Misran Norbahiah , Soliman Mohamed S. , Mahmud Sakib , Khandakar Amith
Published: October 2023

A projected hip implant with the combination of a collared and FGM porous structure.
Abating dopant competition between dual high-valence ions in single-phased barium ferrite towards ultra-broad microwave absorption
Authors: Liu Chuyang , Hao Yilin , Zheng Shiqi , Fang Gang , Li Jing , Tao Shan , Zhang Yujing , Du Piyi
Published: October 2023

Microwave absorbers with ultra-broad bandwidths are extremely effective in combating the wide range of electromagnetic pollution and radar detection.
A novel Q‐band asymmetric T/R switch in GaAs pHEMT using second‐order band‐stop filter for wideband RX‐mode isolation
Authors: Fu Jia‐Shiang
Published: October 2023

To improve the RX‐mode isolation of asymmetric T/R switches, a new circuit topology is proposed. The proposed asymmetric T/R switch topology features a second‐order band‐stop filter in its TX path, which extends the bandwidth of isolation in the RX mode. Based on the proposed topology, a Q‐band asymmetric T/R switch is designed and implemented in a 0.15‐µm GaAs pHEMT technology. Measured isolation in the RX mode is greater than 18.4 dB from 31.7 to 46.3 GHz, corresponding to a 1.46:1 bandwidth.
Ecc‐RCNN: An efficient and high‐accuracy object detection framework for transmission line defect identification
Authors: Li Yaocheng , Xu Yongpeng , Sun Weihao , Qian Qinglin , Li Zhe , Jiang Xiuchen
Published: October 2023

In order to improve the accuracy of image‐based transmission line defect detection, while reducing the computational complexity and the high demand on chip performance, an object detection framework is proposed, which aims to improve model performance without increasing the scale of the model and the amount of calculation. An efficient feature fusion module to combine different‐level semantic features in non‐linear transformations is introduced. It includes channel‐level hierarchy features, linear projection and residual mappings to gather task‐oriented features across different spatial locations and scales. Then a context information modelling module is proposed to extract features around the target objects, which further increases the detection accuracy. Finally, an Intersection‐over‐Union‐based training examples sampling strategy is adopted to alleviate the class imbalance problem. Experiments on dataset show that the proposed method, with a similar number of model parameters, has an accuracy improved by 8.1% compared to the baseline, and outperforms all the competitors in the area of transmission line defect detection.
Exploring the correlation between dark matter, intracluster light, and globular cluster distribution in SMACS0723
Authors: Diego J. M. , Pascale M. , Frye B. , Zitrin A. , Broadhurst T. , Mahler G. , Caminha G. B. , Jauzac M. , Lee M. G. , Bae J. H. , Jang I. S. , Montes M.
Published: October 2023

We present a free-form model of SMACS0723, the first cluster observed with JWST. This model does not make any strong assumptions on the distribution of mass (mostly made up of dark matter) in the cluster and we use it to study the possible correlation between dark matter with the intracluster light and distribution of globular clusters (GCs). To explore the uncertainty in mass modeling, we derived three lens models based on spectroscopically confirmed systems and new candidate systems with redshifts predicted by the lens model derived from the spectroscopic systems. We find that beyond the radius of influence for the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG), the total mass does not trace the intracluster light (ICL), implying the need for a dark component (dark matter). Two loop-like structures observed in the intracluster light do not have any obvious correspondence with the total mass (of mostly dark matter) distribution. The radial profiles of the ICL and the distribution of GCs are similar to each other, but they are steeper than the profile of the lens model. More specifically, we find that the total mass is shallower by 1 dex in log scale than both ICL and GC profiles. This is in excellent agreement with current N-body simulations of cold dark matter.
Sustainability, through passive solar building envelope design, based on the principles of bioinspiration
Authors: Dikou Christina
Published: October 2023

How can architecture respond to sustainability issues where buildings will behave in built environments like living organisms in the natural environment? To answer this question, scientists have turned in recent years to the investigation of living organisms in nature to design models that create new ways to think about adaptation, change, and performance in architecture. At the same time, the development of technologies helps engineers, architects, and designers inspired by bio-mimetics to recreate complex structures that exist in nature, using innovative construction methods and materials, with the aim of energy saving. The building shell is now constructed, not with traditional inert surfaces but with a cladding, which in many cases includes a wide range of technologies based on the behavior of organisms found in nature. The strength of this approach is the identification and evaluation of multiple benefits related to the energy efficiency of biomimetic solutions. The purpose of this article is to create a knowledge transfer between biology and technology and to integrate this knowledge into the development of bio-inspired structures. Thus, three paradigms of kinetic architecture will be presented to understand the importance and impact that the application of bio-inspiration in Architecture can have on the energy debate.