bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digitalization of crop production: development trends
Authors: Buklagin Dmitry Savvich , Goltyapin Vladimir Yakovlevich
Published: April 2021

It is shown that digital technologies, which are the basis of modern management systems and optimization of technological processes in agriculture, allow agribusiness to obtain the necessary information for decision-making, optimize resources and reduce the cost of production. The main trends in the development of digitalization of crop production-production management, satellite technologies, intellectualization of agricultural machinery-are considered. To reduce the technological gap between Russia and the world’s leading countries in terms of labor productivity in agriculture through the development of digitalization of technological processes, agriculture needs direct support from farmers who master technologies and equipment with a high intellectual component that can ensure the competitiveness and investment attractiveness of the industry.
Mechanisms for involving unused agricultural land in turnover on the example of the agrarian region of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kustysheva I N
Published: April 2021

The article presents proposals for the involvement of unused agricultural land on the example of the agrarian region of Russia, an analysis of the land fund of this region is carried out. The main federal and regional programs that have been developed and implemented in different regions of the Russian Federation with the aim of involving unused land plots are considered and studied. The prospects for the development of the territory of the Russian Federation are identified, taking into account the developed proposals for the introduction of land into the country’s economic turnover and the provision of land plots to citizens for use. Directions and mechanisms for the involvement of unused lands are proposed.
Digital management system for the formation of a portfolio of innovative projects in the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Dmitrievsky B , Terekhova A , Knfer S Al , Ameedee M Al , Senan A
Published: April 2021

The article describes the task of developing a management system for the formation of a portfolio of innovative projects for enterprises of the agro-industrial complex. The work in the field of managing the formation of a portfolio of innovative projects is analyzed and their shortcomings are identified. The essence of the problem is defined, the justification of the use of information technologies for its solution is given. The methodology of creating a digital management system for the formation of a portfolio of innovative projects is proposed. The functional and information model of the management system is presented, which consists of the following blocks: conducting marketing research, creating innovative projects, evaluating innovative potential, forming a portfolio of innovative projects, and evaluating the effectiveness of investments. Design decisions are justified, information support is developed and its software implementation is considered. The proposed management system can be used for any organizational structure of an agricultural enterprise. The system is designed to provide the management of the enterprise with the necessary and sufficient set of indicators for decision-making and is used by employees of advertising, production, marketing and sales departments, development of innovative projects.
Stimulating the innovative activity of enterprises in the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Kiselitsa E P , Shilova N N , Liman I A , Kuprina A V , Vorona V V
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the state of the processes of stimulating innovative activity in the agro-industrial complex in Russia. The problems that slow down the implementation of innovative projects in agriculture are studied. A conceptual-logical model of the implementation of innovative activities of enterprises in the agro-industrial complex is proposed, which ensures the development of agricultural enterprises on the basis of science-intensive technologies.
Theoretical justification of film electric heater parameters as a source of infrared radiation in the technology of drying green crops
Authors: Popov V M , Epishkov E N , Afonkina V A , Krivosheeva E I , Levinsky V N
Published: April 2021

Storage of green crops for a long time, possibly at a moisture content of no higher than 15%. Therefore, drying plays a decisive role in this technological process. The rationality of the choice of drying technology is judged by two criteria: high energy efficiency and the degree of mitigation of the thermal effect on the product structure. The use of IR radiation in the process of drying green crops is one of the promising directions. A film electric heater is one of the sources of infrared radiation, which is able to provide high-quality low-temperature drying. Investigating the drying of green crops using electric film heaters, we substantiated the necessary parameters of the radiation source based on the optical characteristics of the drying object. The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Chelyabinsk Region within the framework of the scientific project No. 20-416-740001. The article describes the design of an electric film heater. Based on the optical characteristics of the absorption spectrum of dill and parsley, as well as the laws of thermal radiation, the necessary temperature regime for the operation of the heater as a source of infrared radiation is substantiated. Based on this, the choice of the power density and design parameters of the film electric heater is made. An analysis of the absorption spectrum led to the conclusion that all the main maxima are in the wavelength range from 4 μm to 11 μm. Calculations have shown that the maximum integral radiation flux in this range is provided at an average temperature of the emitter surface of about 500C. Moreover, to cover the two largest maxima, the temperature of various points of the heater should be in the range from 460C to 900C. This is achievable at a power density of an electric film heater of about 260 W / m2 and a distance between current-carrying elements of 4.5 cm. The analysis of the results obtained, and the technical features of the electric film heater indicates the possibility of its application to create effective modes of drying green crops. The upper end of the temperature range during the drying process is the limit for polyethylene terephthalate. Therefore, the goal of further research is to find solutions to increase the reliability of the film electric heater.
Current state and development prospects of domestic equipment for sheep and goat breeding
Authors: Kuzmina T N , Kuzmin V N
Published: April 2021

The article presents an analysis of the machinery equipment of Russian sheep and goat breeding. The absence of Russian-made equipment for the main processes, such as keeping, drinking, distributing feed, and milking sheep and goats, has been revealed. The existing domestic projects for the mechanization of processes in sheep breeding exist in the form of prototypes, however, there are no projects in goat breeding. Therefore, proposals have been formulated to solve the problems of the provision of sheep and goat farms with Russian equipment. The essence of these proposals is the need for state support for the equipment development and production. The engineering and manufacture of process equipment for sheep and goat breeding should be based on the experience of effective use of foreign equipment in the conditions of domestic enterprises.
Innovative technologies to increase soil bearing capacity and calculation methods for foundations construction of structures for the production, storage and processing of agricultural products
Authors: Vershinin S V , Petrov M V , Makarova N A
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the issues associated with the need to increase the soil bearing capacity during the laying of the pile foundations in agricultural building construction. Technological and design solutions aimed at reduction in consumption of materials and improving the reliability of foundations are offered. The calculation method of the proposed pile foundation structures based on the bearing capacity for cohesive and non-cohesive soils is also analyzed.
Influence of the radiation intensity of LED light sources of the red-blue spectrum on the yield and energy consumption of microgreens
Authors: Vetchinnikov A A , Filatov D A , Olonina S I , Kazakov A V , Olonin I Yu
Published: April 2021

The significant interest in microgreens all over the world in recent years is associated with the high nutritional value of these products. At the same time, for most types of microgreens, there are conflicting data on the technology of their cultivation, and, in particular, on the minimum required level of illumination. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different levels of light on the growth and development of radishes, cabbage and basil. The experiment was carried out in triplicate and included variants with irradiation of 50, 100 and 200 μmol m−2·s−1. In the course of the research, the influence of the radiation intensity on the height of seedlings, the yield of biomass and the energy efficiency of their production was revealed. The highest yield was obtained in variants using light sources with an intensity of 100 μmol m−2·s−1, while for basil this lighting option was also the most profitable in terms of energy intensity.
Using the biologization elements in potato cultivation technology
Authors: Pityurina I S , Vinogradov D V , Lupova E I , Evsenina M V
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes experimental data on potato cultivation with the use of biologization elements in the conditions of the Ryazan region. were conducted two-year experiments for studying the effect of straw and siderate on the yield and quality of potato tubers of the variety “Red Scarlett”, cultivated on dark gray forest soils. Sideral fertilizer was represented by white mustard, sown to a depth of 4 cm with a norm of 5.5 million germinating seeds per hectare. When studying the “straw+nitrogen” variant, ammonium nitrate was introduced manually. In the case of the siderate using the plants were 2.2–19.6% higher, the number of stems on the bush and the leaf area were larger 4.8–13.3% and 4.8–25.1%, respectively, compared to the control sample. When using white mustard as a fertilizer, the number of weeds was 33.3–43.4 % lower compared to the control variant. Planting straw with nitrogen fertilizer provided an increasing of the mass of tubers in comparison with control samples in both years of research: by 2.9% in 2019 and by 8.1% in 2020. The yield of potato tubers of the variety “Red Scarlett” was increased by 11.4% when planting siderate, and by 10.8% when plowing straw.
Intensification of the reproductive function of cows of the Kazakh white-headed breed by the biotechnological method
Authors: Zhapov Zh N , Muruev A V , Murueva G B
Published: April 2021

This paper discusses the issues of intensification of the reproductive function of cows of the Kazakh white-headed breed in the Republic of Buryatia, where severe natural and climatic conditions are observed by introducing biologically active drugs to animals (drugs “Estrofan” and “E-selenium”). Immunobiological blood test. The indicators of the reproductive function of females were determined.
Opportunities and prospects for the development of complex biocompatible plant protection products based on some natural nitrogen compounds for solving agricultural problems
Authors: Khaptsev Z , Bogdanov A , Kadomtseva M , Smutnev P , Isaicheva L
Published: April 2021

The work summarizes the literature data on the use of pesticides in agriculture, as well as the damage they cause to the environment and human health. The possibilities and prospects for the development of complex biocompatible plant protection products based on some natural nitrogen compounds to solve agricultural problems and reduce damage from the use of pesticides are analyzed.
Generalized scheme of fuzzy control of grain harvester in field conditions
Authors: Dimitrov V , Borisova L
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the issues of modeling the process of managing the combine in the field. A generalized scheme for solving important practical problems of technological adjustment of the working bodies of the units of a combine harvester based on fuzzy expert data on the input factors (external environment) and output parameters (adjustable parameters of the machine) is proposed. The architecture of the knowledge base of the information intelligent system is given, as well as the relationships between the individual structural elements. The main semantic spaces of the considered subject area are highlighted. This is a group of environmental factors, a group of adjustable parameters, a group of quality indicators of the cleaning process, a group of possible violations of the quality of the cleaning process. The characteristic features of the output of solutions during technological adjustment and, accordingly, adjustments of technological adjustments are considered. Models of subject areas are presented.
Study of physical and mechanical properties of feed additives for cattle
Authors: Avakimyants E V , Gordeev V V
Published: April 2021

The article presents a study of the physical and mechanical properties of feed additives for cattle used in the farms of the Leningrad region. The choice of the investigated factors is due to their influence on the mixing process and design parameters of the mixer. When determining the particle size distribution, it was revealed that most of the materials under study have a particle size of d = 0.5-2 mm. The bulk density for most of the additives was 500-800 kg / m3. The moisture content of the main part of the investigated materials did not exceed 10%. The research results will make it possible to establish the influence of individual components on the property of the mixture and substantiate the optimal design and operating parameters of the mixer for feed additives.
Application of modern GIS technologies for inventory of protective forest strips, identification of waterlogged areas
Authors: Barsukova G N , Derevenets D K
Published: April 2021

Earlier there were conducted the studies of the climatic, soil, environmental and economic characteristics of natural landscapes and agricultural land in Krasnodar Territory, for example, Dinskoy district. It is located on the territory of the V-natural landscape. There were shown the results of study of the qualitative state of field-protective forest belts and their influence on the processes of expansion of land area waterlogged arable land using GIS technology as a tool of information-cartographical support of researches. The identification of forest strips in GIS was carried out, their area was determined, the types of forest strips were established, the condition and degree of damage were assessed, the area of beams whose growth is due to the violation of the natural watercourse was determined. There have been identified the areas and sites of necessary repair works and laying of new forest strips, areas and sites of field-protective forest strips that prevent natural water flow and which are planned for cutting down. The capital investments in the laying, restoration and uprooting of damaged and planned forest strips are calculated. The use of GIS technologies in the study makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the results of the assessment and forecast of the development of degradation processes, reduces the cost of research, and ensures an increase in efficiency of land use in agricultural production.
Phisical and chemical properties of exopolysaccharide of the lactic streptococcus
Authors: Fokina N A , Uryadova G T , Karpunina L V , Savina S V , Skorlyakov V M
Published: April 2021

We know that exopolysaccharides of microbial origin are of great practical importance, and have their industrial value because of the biological and physico - chemical characteristics of the producer. We had a goal to study the most important properties of an exopolysaccharide isolated from a bacterial culture of Streptococcus thermophilus. First we got exopolysaccharide. After that we had cultured the bacteria on A. Welman at 38 °C for 48 hours. To do this, 3000 g of culture liquid had been centrifuged for 30 minutes. Next, we removed the biomass sludge, and we evaporated the centrifuge on a rotary evaporator. After that, we precipitated the exopolysaccharide with a double volume of 96% ethyl alcohol. We got a concentrate which we then dissolved in a small amount of distilled water and had centrifuged for 30 minutes. Afterwards my colleges and I precipitated it again. Our further purification of the exopolysaccharide we had to perform using some gel filtration on a column with a Sephadex G-50. It had to be dried on a freeze dryer. Thus, we obtained an exopolysaccharide in the form of a light brown powder, it was odorless, without any foreign impurities and any producer cells. Our further work included following steps: we had to know the molecular weight of the exopolysaccharide. It was possible to make with gel chromatography on a Toyopearl – HW –50F column. We determined the chemical nature of the exopolysaccharide through ion exchange chromatography using a SPS Bio DEA medium with 70 microns. We determined the monosaccharide composition with the help of a thin-layer chromatography on DC-Alufolien Cellulose plates, and the relative viscosity by viscometer. As a result of our research, the exopolysaccharide S. thermophilus were presented by a single neutral fraction, with molecular weight of 20,000 Da, with a small relative viscosity.
Presence of clinically significant endophytic yeasts in agricultural crops: monitoring and ecological safety assessment
Authors: Kachalkin A V , Glushakova A M , Venzhik A S
Published: April 2021

Endophytic yeasts from internal tissues of 54 names of nuts and vegetables from 36 countries were studied. In total, 74 species of yeasts were isolated from analysed agricultural crops. The study revealed high values of occurrence and abundance of clinically significant yeasts Candida parapsilosis and Meyerozyma guilliermondii in some internal tissues that may pose a potential threat to human health, primarily for immunocompromised individuals.
Development of a radioprotective drug based on substances of plant, microbial, zoogenic and inorganic origin
Authors: Vagin K N , Nizamov R N , Ishmukhametov K T , Shakurov M M , Vasilevsky N M
Published: April 2021

Environmental pollution with ecotoxicants makes humanity rethink its attitude to the world around it and accept the concept of the need to protect people and animals living on our planet. This paper presents the results of experimental studies of substances of natural origin for the selection of the most promising ones in order to create a multifunctional means of protecting farm animals in areas of anthropogenic pollution. In vitro experiments on lethally irradiated lymphocytes of the peripheral blood of animals, the radioprotective properties of phytogenic preparations were evaluated, and a three-component radioprotective composition was created. On lethally irradiated laboratory animals, the radioprotective activity of various compositions constructed from microbial biomasses and metabolic products of E. coli “PL-6”, B. bifidum 1 bacterial strains, phyto- and zoo drugs preparations radiomodified at a dose of 4 kGy was tested. From the metabolites of the radiomodified bacterial strain B. bifidum 1 (R6), the phytopreparation “Turmeric” and the biologically active feed additive “Vita-Force M”, the phytozoic microbial preparation FZMP was designed and tested on laboratory animals, which provided protection from radiation death to 80% of lethally irradiated laboratory animals, with 100% death of rats in the irradiation control group.
Ecological bases of the epizootic process of brucellosis and its control in small ruminants
Authors: Arakelyan P K , Dimova A S , Dimov S K , Rudenko A V , Yanchenko T A , Orobets V A
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the ecological foundations of the epizootic process of brucellosis and its control in small ruminants. Epizootic process of brucellosis in populations of small ruminants with a low level of immunity is characterized by the intensive formation of epizootic strains of brucellosis melitensis with a high level of virulence and is accompanied by a high incidence of animals with acute cases of acute brucellosis human contact. Brucella, parasitizing in animal populations with a high level of immunity are as a rule in the stage of reservation have reduced virulent properties and this circumstance provides along with the stabilization of the epizootic situation a favorable epidemic situation. In other words the epizootic process of brucellosis at large territories in the zones of occurrence of the disease can be controlled due to the leading role of specific prophylaxis provided that immunity against brucellosis is provided for livestock for the longest possible period.
Rational use of natural resources of land resources of the Far East using agrocenoses of grain crops
Authors: Aseeva T A , Zenkina K V , Trifuntova I B
Published: April 2021

The article examines the structure of the cultivated areas of the Khabarovsk Territory, reveals the predominance of soybeans. For the rational use of natural resources in the Far East, the varieties of spring oats Express, Tigrovy, Premier, Marshal, Cardinal, Peredovik have been created, which are distinguished by high productivity - 4.4-6.7 t / ha. It has been established that the yield of spring wheat and spring triticale under the conditions of the Khabarovsk Territory is realized practically equally - 2.6 t/ha. It is noted that the need for heat in the sprouting-tillering phase in spring wheat and spring triticale is opposite, which indicates the need to use both crops in agrocenoses of the Far Eastern region.
Influence of thermal protection of residential buildings in rural settlements on the state of the environment
Authors: Temukuyev T B , Temukuyev B B
Published: April 2021

The state of the environment is most affected by the emission of greenhouse gases, in particular, carbon dioxide, which is formed during the combustion of fossil fuels. The main part of the energy resources that are consumed in rural areas, in addition to technological purposes, is fuel used for heating residential buildings. The article examines the state of thermal protection of residential buildings (individually defined buildings). During their construction in every region of a large country, they adhered to the established traditions, which changed slightly with the advent of new materials. Residential buildings built over a century ago are in operation in Russia. Local materials were mainly used in the construction of the walls. For a long time, state structures were not interested in the state of residential buildings, since there was no need for this due to the lack of a centralized fuel supply to villages. Gasification of rural settlements requires a revision of the attitude towards thermal protection of residential buildings. To solve the problem, state support will be required for the insulation of some of their external enclosing structures.
Biodiversity Conservation of Birds of Prey
Authors: Momot N V , Kolina Yu A , Vasilyeva M A , Camlia I L
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the issues of negative anthropogenic impact on the populations of rare birds of prey in Primorsky Krai and the possibility of reducing this impact on the wild avifauna. Injuries were diagnosed in two Steller’s sea eagles and the causes of the injuries were analyzed. The authors point out that in the context of decreasing biological diversity, the creation of rehabilitation centers for wild animals and birds can improve the indicators of the viability of populations of representatives of wild avifauna.
On technical means of obtaining wood chips, as a way to increase soil fertility
Authors: Fokin S , Eskov D , Medvedeva P , Shportko O , Fomina O
Published: April 2021

The proposed work outlines the ways to search for new technical solutions that increase the efficiency of the process of ejection of chips from disk chippers, by theoretically substantiating the design and technological parameters of the elements involved in the working process of evacuation of chopped wood. The resulting chips can be used as a mulching agent, which is one of the means of increasing soil fertility. Disc chippers are the most widely used for wood chipping. The chips they produce are best suited for mulching. But disk chippers have such disadvantages as the high energy intensity of the work performed for the processing of wood raw materials into chips. Therefore, it is necessary to justify the design and technological parameters of the chipper elements. To achieve the stated goal of the study, we used a modification of the part dynamics method. Within the framework of this method, the stream of chips was broken up into separate spherical elements. The developed computer program made it possible to carry out a two-factor optimization of the parameters that most significantly affect the efficiency of the equipment. It has been established that two-factor three-criteria optimization of equipment parameters makes it possible to find an optimal combination of structural elements of the chip ejection mechanism. Calculations have shown that the optimal size of the gap between the chipping disc blades and the lateral surface of the cylindrical part of the casing is 9 … 11 mm, and the best chip pipe diameter will be 230 … 300 mm. In this case, the speed of chip ejection will be at least 2.0 m/s, and the share of chips ejected from the first revolution of the chipping disk will be at least 80%. Power consumption for the release of chopped wood will not exceed 700 W.
Synthesis of materials of composition CoM2O4 (M=Al, Fe) for purification of aqueous solutions
Authors: Egorova M A , Shabelskaya N P , Arzumanova A V , Yakovenko E A , Semchenko V V
Published: April 2021

The process of formation of nanosized materials with a spinel structure - aluminate and cobalt (II) ferrite - has been studied in this work. The materials obtained were characterized using X-ray phase analysis, electron microscopy, BET and Debye-Scherrer methods. It was found that the synthesized samples have a developed surface and can be used as catalysts for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to remove organic pollutants from an aqueous solution. Cobalt (II) ferrite exhibits increased catalytic activity in the studied process; it may be associated with the formation of the Fenton system.
Temperature differentiation of aquatic microflora of a closed water supply system by the example of incubation of microbiological crops at 21 and 37 °C
Authors: Nikiforov-Nikishin D L , Nikiforov-Nikishin A L , Bugaev O G , Kochetkov N I
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the dependence of the temperature conditions of incubation of microbiological water cultures taken directly from the pool of a closed water supply system on the activity and species diversity of the resulting microflora is analyzed. The object of the study was clarias catfish (Clarias gariepinus), which was grown at a temperature of 22-24 °, Ph 6.5-7.5, which corresponds to the optimal requirements for breeding this type of fish. The study was conducted on the basis of the Russian-Norwegian Center for Research in the field of Innovation and Aquaculture of the MSUTM named after K.G. Razumovsky. As a result of the study, a reliable regularity of the activity of aquatic microflora in CFU / ml, as well as generic and species affiliation, was revealed.
The impact of urban highways on roadside trees
Authors: Sheps R A , Shchukina T V , Vorob’eva Yu A , Shashin A V , Ishkov A N
Published: April 2021

The article describes the study of the impact of motor transport on green spaces along urban highways. The paper studies the process of necrosis that occurs on the leaves of trees. A full-scale experiment was conducted to determine the magnitude of damage to the leaves of trees. In conclusion, the most resistant tree species to the effects of pollutants are proposed.
Current state, population structure and population dynamics of rare plants under economic and recreational use of natural-territorial complexes in the Middle Volga basin (Russia)
Authors: Mitroshenkova A E , Ilyina V N , Kazantsev I V , Rogov S A
Published: April 2021

The article summarizes the results of studies on the population structure and population dynamics of rare plants of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the European part of Russia. Conservation of representatives is mainly ensured by the creation of protected areas and the inclusion in the Red Books. Four groups of species by peculiarities of ontogenetic structure and type of cenopopopulations according to the “delta-omega” criterion were determined. Most species are characterized by a mature type of cenopopopulations with a predominance of generative individuals. Long-term studies allowed us to establish that most of the rare species of the region have maintained their numbers. However, 30 representatives, the number of which has noticeably decreased, need to strengthen the conservation measures. The studies are of interest in the development of conservation measures, identifying the current ecological state of natural-territorial complexes under economic and recreational pressure, determining the categories of rarity of species, justifying the inclusion or exclusion of them from the Red Books.
Impact of urbanization on the ecological state of soils in the city of Uralsk
Authors: Gumarova Zh M , Gubasheva B E , Sungatkyzy S , Akkereyeva E K , Sarsenbayev A U
Published: April 2021

The soils of the city of Uralsk are currently experiencing a strong urban impact due to anthropogenic inputs of materials and atmospheric fallout. In this work, urban soils were studied selected in the zone of influence of gas stations, highways, as well as in public gardens and park named after Kirov. The soils of the urban environment are characterized by a special urban-anthropogenic layer, the presence of building and household inclusions and close proximity to communications, therefore, sampling was carried out in a layer of 0-20 cm. The determination of pollutants, heavy metals and oil products was carried out along with the study of biological activity and pH. The biological parameters of urban soils were determined by the rate of decomposition of linen tissue - cellulolytic activity. Measurements for heavy metals, pH and petroleum products were carried out by atomic absorption, fluorimetric and potentiometric methods. The analysis of the territories most susceptible to anthropogenic influences showed the least results in terms of changes in the weight of cellulosic materials, as well as the greatest excess of the maximum permissible concentrations for lead, zinc and cobalt and oil products. The clearly expressed excess testifies to a strong anthropogenic impact and deterioration of the soil condition, despite the occupation of green spaces in the squares named after Zh. Moldagulov, Isatay and Makhambet. At the same time, the soils of the Kirov Park, which are located far from potential sources of pollution and the absence of pollutants, have shown their recreational value in terms of improving the environment. Biological diagnostics of soils based on cellulolytic activity is a quite suitable and reliable indicator in the study of urban soils in the city of Uralsk.
The state of natural grass at the reclamation facility of Ryazan Meschera
Authors: Zakharova O A , Kucher D E , Ushakov R N , Ruchkina A V
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the geobotanical survey was to analyze the natural grass stand at the Tinki-II drained object within Ryazan Meschera. When monitoring the former forage lands, the methods of Bogolyubov and Kravchenko, Neshtaev and others were used. The meadow survey area had an area of 10,000 m2 and was located near the main canal, a tree belt area, a settlement and an open collector. Earlier monitoring studies revealed the presence of degradation processes in peat soil that has been drained for 65 years, which manifested itself in the form of peat depletion, an increase in density, and the transformation of peat into a humified mass. The local flora dominated with the inclusion of such species as Elytrigia repens, Hypericum perforatum, etc. Plants with frequent occurrence and high Druda abundance (Elytrígia répens and Alopecúrus praténsis) were identified. The association Elytrígetum urtícetosum was highlighted. The entire variety of phytocenosis was grouped into dynamic series of community development: perennial, biennial, and annual grasses, considering their aboveground mass. The prospects for the development of meadow farming are unsatisfactory due to the low level of development of animal husbandry. At controlled facility Tinki-II, only 5 % of the meadow area leased by the Novoselki agricultural holding is now sown
Impact of climate warming on the global biosphere
Authors: Malinin V , Averkiev A , Tsarev V , Istomin E , Petrov Y
Published: April 2021

The paper considers the interannual variability of the Living Planet Index (LPI) as a quantitative indicator that characterizes the degree of the global ecological crisis and reflects the general state of the global biosphere. The LPI dynamics since 1970 shows a more than twofold decrease in the number of populations of vertebrates. It is shown that such a decrease in LPI is mainly due to global climate warming. Thus, almost 80% of the LPI variability is accounted for by the global air temperature, and only the remaining 20% are associated with anthropogenic activity. A linear trend describes almost 94% of the LPI variability, and a non-linear trend describes 99%. From the linear trend equation it follows that in 2044 the LPI = 0. This means the onset of ecological collapse. However, it is more realistic that the linear decline of LPI ended, the stage of LPI stabilization in the range 0.30-0.40 began.
Comparative analysis of proteomes of bacteria representatives of the genus Bordetella
Authors: Mastilenko A V , Vasilieva Yu B , Kartakaeva S S , Lomakin A A , Grankina A S
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the study of proteomes of poorly studied representatives of genus Bordetella. According to the results of the study, molecular masses of and protein masses of bacteria of genus Bordetella were extracted. In the NCBI system, in accordance with the data obtained by comparing genomes of Bordetella genus, an in-silico analysis of the correspondence of annotated proteomes was performed and the idea was identified by proteome of these species.
Evaluation of the possibility of using propane and hydrofluorolefin group refrigerants as an eco-friendly replacement for R134a in combined heat transformers
Authors: Drozdov M M , Galimova L V , Kuzmin A Yu , Drozdova A O
Published: April 2021

In connection with the gradual reduction in the use of refrigerants of HFC groups, regulated by the Paris Agreement, its amendments and additions, the question arises of finding environmentally friendly working fluids with high thermodynamic efficiency in the thermal transformer cycle. The article discusses the possibility of using refrigerants from the HFO and propane group as environmentally friendly substitutes for R134a for combined vapor compression thermal transformers. The evaluation of the thermodynamic efficiency of the machines for the joint production of heat and cold, produced on the basis of the entropy method of thermodynamic analysis, is carried out. The results of modeling a single-stage combined heat transformer showed the thermodynamic feasibility of using R290 as a substitute for R134a. The analysis of the results obtained showed the limited possibility of effective use of refrigerants of the HFO group as working bodies of combined heat transformers.
Supplementing the model of the global biogeochemical carbon cycle
Authors: Timofeeva I V , Kustikova M A , Bykovskaia E A , Maiurova A S , Tyurikova E P
Published: April 2021

The article considers possible anthropogenic carbon sources and migration ways that were not previously included in the global biogeochemical cycle. Complementing the carbon cycle model is important for clarifying the scenarios awaiting the Earth.
Estimation and forecasting method of water bodies overgrowth and siltation using geographic information systems on example of Kryukovskoye and Shapsugskoye reservoirs
Authors: Naumenko N O , Fedotova E V
Published: April 2021

The article presents research on the overgrowth degree of the Shapsugskoye and Kryukovskoye reservoirs. A new estimating and predicting method for water bodies overgrowth and siltation using remote sensing data (RSD) is proposed. As a result, the overgrowth degree of the considered reservoirs was determined from the beginning of their operation to 2019: 93.2% and 47.3% for the Shapsugskoye and Kryukovskoye reservoirs, respectively. A pattern of intensive growth periods of higher aquatic plants was found, according to which a forecast of further water bodies overgrowth was obtained.
Efficient production system as part of sustainable environmental management
Authors: Botantsov I V , Mensah K M , Svarchevsky K G , Sayafarova D D
Published: April 2021

Rational use of natural resources is an integral part of building a production system in conditions of modern limited natural benefits and increasing the value of the quality of the natural environment around man. An efficient production system is at the heart of ensuring rational environmental management and the implementation of the UN’s global goal of ensuring the transition to sustainable consumption and production patterns. The article is aimed at disclosing the concept and potential possibilities of using efficient production systems not only within the framework of environmental preservation, but also within the framework of ensuring the most rational use of state resources when pursuing a policy of import substitution. The authors of the article formulate a conclusion about the current state and prospects of using efficient production systems in the Russian Federation.
Improving the environmental safety of the Russian Federation following the implementation of the national project “Ecology”
Authors: Goncharenko L P , Sybachin S A , Sidorov N V
Published: April 2021

Environmental problems in the Russian Federation are an object of close attention from the state and scientists. On the territory of the largest state in the world, there are many unique natural complexes that are of great importance not only for the country, but for the entire planet. The article considers the main documents regulating the improvement of the ecological situation at the present stage of the country’s development.
Research of different heating modes of greenhouses
Authors: Osintsev K V , Prikhodko Iu S , Shichkina V S , Akhmetshin D A , Shishkov A N
Published: April 2021

The article discusses ways to maintain a microclimate in greenhouse complexes. It is the most important task for growing various crops. The required temperature regime in the greenhouse is maintained according to weather conditions using a water heating system. The article presents an analysis of methods for regulating the consumption of thermal energy to identify the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. The review of tendencies in the field of regulation of heat consumption is carried out. The main direction of modernization of the modern system of regulation of heat energy consumption has been formed and considered.
Development of a system for ensuring sustainable power supply to agricultural consumers based on an electronic model
Authors: Belov A V , Popov V M , Ilyin Yu P , Skorodumova N V
Published: April 2021

In agriculture, single-transformer consumer substations are widely used. Failure of a transformer in such a substation adversely affects the reliability of power supply to agricultural consumers. The most common reason for the failure of consumer transformers (over 50%) is turn-to-turn short circuits in their windings. Therefore, timely diagnostics of turn-to-turn faults in the windings of such transformers is an urgent task. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the specific conditions of rural electrical networks. It is recognized as permissible to carry out diagnostics at idle running of the transformer. Designed with assumptions in mind, the diagnostic device is simple and easy to use. The operation of the device was investigated on an electronic model using the Matlab software package integrated with the design and programming environment based on Simulink models. As a result of research, it was found that the device is efficient and efficient.
Study of a solar air heater with a heat exchanger – accumulator
Authors: Uzakov G N , Shomuratova S M , Toshmamatov B M
Published: April 2021

The authors of the work presented a solar air heater for maintaining a constant temperature of heated air in drying plants and in air heating systems. The article discusses an experimental installation of a solar air heater was made and an insulated storage tank with a spiral-type heat exchanger for accumulating heated air was installed, additionally equipped with a hinged reflector parallel to the solar air heater, which is also an additional source of thermal energy of solar radiation, the results of an experimental study of the operating modes of the installation in natural and climatic conditions of Karshi. As a result of experimental studies, a high energy efficiency of a solar air heater was determined in the heating mode of heat carriers (air up to + 65 °C and waste oil up to + 75 °C) in June. The analysis of the heat balance of the developed installation is carried out. The influence of the main heat engineering parameters on the thermal power of the installation is analyzed.
Development of a new approach to the design of a pilot plant for a modified submersible rotating biofilter
Authors: Saied M , Serpokrylov N , Nelidin V
Published: April 2021

The Modified Submersible Rotating Biofilter (MSRB) was developed and patented for the treatment of wastewater from small settlements in Syria. A pilot plant has been developed to study the biological treatment process and its optimal parameters. In this article, on the basis of theoretical studies, a refined design methodology and calculation of the dimensions of the MSRB pilot plant are justified and proposed.
Computational and analytical evaluation of the efficiency of using hydrogen as a fuel in an internal combustion engine
Authors: Plotnikov L V , Ulman N V
Published: April 2021

There are reasons to look for alternative sources of fuel because of the automobile industry development. Firstly, oil is a mined, not a produced fuel, sooner or later it will run out. According to various statistical sources, known deposits are gradually being depleted. Another important problem is air pollution caused by road transport. Most of the existing cars run on gasoline and diesel engines that burn oil to get the car going. Combustion of hydrocarbons that make up oil releases a large amount of harmful substances, in particular, particulate matter and volatile organic compounds. Using hydrogen as an alternative fuel can solve the problem of finding new oil fields, and also, due to the absence of emissions into the atmosphere, it can solve the problem of air pollution. The article presents a brief history of the development of engine building and a description of hydrogen technologies in engines. The article presents a computational and analytical assessment of the efficiency of using hydrogen fuel in an internal combustion engine in relation to the bus fleet of the Yekaterinburg city. It was found that the conversion of a gasoline engine to hydrogen fuel leads to a decrease in specific fuel consumption by 20% (at the nominal mode). It is shown that the payback period for the transfer of 20 buses to hydrogen is about 8 years.
Potential for pipeline transportation of Kuzbass coal
Authors: Murko V I , Chernikova O P , Yuriev A B , Temlyantseva E N
Published: April 2021

The transition of the world energy sector to a new technological paradigm, combining the growth of energy efficiency of production with the simultaneous search for alternative fuel resources to ensure an improvement in the quality of life of the population and the environmental situation of the host regions, imposes special obligations on the management of coal and energy companies and government bodies associated with the development of resource efficient and energy saving organizational -technical solutions. To solve these problems, not only energy-generating enterprises that are fuel consumers should be transformed, but also their suppliers - mines and open-pit mines, adapting the quality characteristics and sales channels of coal products to the requirements of the time. Within the framework of the research carried out by the team of authors: an analysis of the world practice of using pipeline coal transport was carried out; a proposal was formulated for organizing the transportation of Kuzbass coal in the form of coal-water fuel through pipelines to energy enterprises in Western Siberia and the Eastern Urals, a factor analysis of its implementation was carried out: the advantages of hydro transportation of coal in comparison with its supply by rail were identified, possible risks and disadvantages were assessed.
Understanding cross boundary twin behaviours in AZ31 alloy by a composite Schmid factor
Authors: Huang Q L , Guo C F , Xin R L
Published: April 2021

It is well known that twinning likely nucleates and forms pairs at grain boundaries (GBs) during the formation of hexagonal close-packed alloys. Therefore, the crystallography of GBs should be taken into account to assess the activation preference of twins (and pairs) at GBs. As Schmid factor (SF) is a grain-based parameter, it cannot predict from which GB segment, twinning prefers to nucleate. To solve this problem, recently we proposed a composite Schmid factor (CSF) that incorporates both the SF and a geometric compatibility factor (m’) between twin/slip systems in neighbouring grains. In this presentation, we first summarize the definition and calculation method of this parameter. Then, simultaneous twin nucleation and twin (or slip) stimulated twin behaviour in a twin chain were assessed by this parameter. For comparison, SF and m’ analyses were also performed. The advantages and limitations of this CSF in assessing twin behaviours were discussed.
Texture Evolution During Cold Forming of Rectangular Hollow Section
Authors: Kaijalainen A , Javaheri V , Nousiainen O , Tulonen J , Steen P , Kömi J
Published: April 2021

This work aims to study the effect of cold forming on the texture evolution during the manufacturing of rectangular hollow sections. Conventional TMCP steel and a direct-quenched steel in 420 MPa strength level are compared. The texture was characterized at the centerline (S=0) and both surfaces (S=0.8) for base material, four flat side and one corner samples of the rectangular hollow section. The results show that the flat sides of both steels have the minor intensity of ∼{554}<225> and ∼{112}<110> texture components and an intense texture component of ∼{001}<110> in the centerline. Generally, any significant difference between four flat size samples was not found and texture intensities of the conventional TMCP steel were slightly sharper compared to direct-quenched steel. The most important change is observed with the inner corner samples, where the randomly oriented texture in the base material and flat side samples changes to the {110}<111>/<112> shear texture components.