bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond plasma exchange: novel therapies for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Dane Kathryn , Chaturvedi Shruti
Published: April 2019

The advent of plasma exchange has dramatically changed the prognosis of acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Recent insights into TTP pathogenesis have led to the development of novel therapies targeting pathogenic anti-ADAMTS13 antibody production, von Willebrand factor (VWF)–platelet interactions, and ADAMTS13 replacement. Retrospective and prospective studies have established the efficacy of rituximab as an adjunct to plasma exchange for patients with acute TTP, either upfront or for refractory disease. Relapse prevention is a major concern for survivors of acute TTP, and emerging data support the prophylactic use of rituximab in patients with persistent or recurrent ADAMTS13 deficiency in clinical remission. Capalcizumab, a nanobody directed against domain A1 of VWF that prevents the formation of VWF–platelet aggregates, recently completed phase 2 (TITAN) and 3 (HERCULES) trials with encouraging results. Compared with placebo, caplacizumab shortened the time to platelet recovery and may protect against microthrombotic tissue injury in the acute phase of TTP, though it does not modify the underlying immune response. Other promising therapies including plasma cell inhibitors (bortezomib), recombinant ADAMTS13, N-acetyl cysteine, and inhibitors of the VWF–glycoprotein Ib/IX interaction (anfibatide) are in development, and several of these agents are in prospective clinical studies to evaluate their efficacy and role in TTP. In the coming years, we are optimistic that novel therapies and international collaborative efforts will usher in even more effective, evidence-based approaches to address refractory acute TTP and relapse prevention.
Shifting ground and gaps in transfusion support of patients with hematological malignancies
Authors: Cserti-Gazdewich Christine
Published: April 2019

The transfusion support of hematological malignancies considers 2 dimensions: the quantity of what we order (in terms of triggers, doses, targets, and intervals), and the special qualities thereof (with respect to depths of matching and appropriate product modifications). Meanwhile, transfusion-related enhancements in the quantity and quality of life may not be dose dependent but rather tempered by unintended patient harms and system strains from overexposure. Evidence and guidelines concur in endorsing clinically noninferior conservative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion care strategies (eg, triggering at hemoglobin <7-8 g/dL and in single-unit doses for stable, nonbleeding inpatients). However, the unique subpopulation of patients with hematological malignancies who are increasingly managed on an outpatient basis, and striving at least as much for quality of life as quantity of life, is left on the edges of these recommendations, with more questions than answers. If a sufficiently specific future wave of evidence can satisfy the concerns (and contest the assumptions) of the remaining proponents of liberalism, and if conservatism is broadly adopted, savings may be potentially immense. These savings can then be reinvested to address other gaps and inconsistencies in RBC transfusion care, such as the best achievable degrees of prophylactic antigen matching that can minimize alloimmunization-related service delays and reactions.
Evidence-based management of immune thrombocytopenia: ASH guideline update
Authors: Neunert Cindy E. , Cooper Nichola
Published: April 2019

In 1996 and 2011, the American Society of Hematology (ASH) supported efforts to create guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). These guidelines used different approaches to arrive at recommendations for testing and treatment. Despite differences in methodology, in both cases there was a paucity of randomized trials to inform recommendations. As data on the diagnosis and management of ITP expands, the ASH Committee on Quality is dedicated to maintaining updated guidelines representing recent evidence and guideline methodology. Here, we will review the updated ASH guidelines on ITP with a focus on recommendations with new understanding and future research to close knowledge gaps.
TACO and TRALI: biology, risk factors, and prevention strategies
Authors: Roubinian Nareg
Published: April 2019

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) and transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) are the leading causes of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality. These adverse events are characterized by acute pulmonary edema within 6 hours of a blood transfusion and have historically been difficult to study due to underrecognition and nonspecific diagnostic criteria. However, in the past decade, in vivo models and clinical studies utilizing active surveillance have advanced our understanding of their epidemiology and pathogenesis. With the adoption of mitigation strategies and patient blood management, the incidence of TRALI and TACO has decreased. Continued research to prevent and treat these severe cardiopulmonary events is focused on both the blood component and the transfusion recipient.
Total body irradiation dose and risk of subsequent neoplasms following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Baker K. Scott , Leisenring Wendy M. , Goodman Pamela J. , Ermoian Ralph P. , Flowers Mary E. , Schoch G. , Storb Rainer , Sandmaier Brenda M. , Deeg H. Joachim
Published: April 2019

We examined the impact of total body irradiation (TBI) dose and fractionation on risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs) in the era of reduced-intensity and nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Among 4905 1-year survivors of allogeneic HCT for hematologic malignancies (N = 4500) or nonmalignant disorders (N = 405) who received transplants between 1969 and 2014, we identified 581 SMNs (excluding squamous and basal cell of skin) in 499 individuals. With a median length of follow-up of 12.5 years, the cumulative incidence of SMNs by 30 years after HCT was 22.0%. Compared with age-, sex-, and calendar year–matched Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population rates, the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of SMNs was increased 2.8-fold. The highest SIRs were for SMNs of bones (SIR, 28.8), oral cavity (SIR, 13.8), skin (SIR, 7.3), central nervous system (SIR, 6.0), and endocrine organs (SIR, 4.9). The highest excess absolute risks (EARs) were seen with breast cancer (EAR, 2.2) and cancers of the oral cavity (EAR, 1.5) and skin (EAR, 1.5) per 1000 person-years. The highest incidence of SMNs was in survivors exposed to unfractionated (600-1000 cGy) or high-dose fractionated (1440-1750 cGy) TBI. For patients receiving low-dose TBI, the incidence was comparable to myeloablative chemotherapy alone, although still twofold higher than in the general population. These data demonstrate a strong effect of TBI dose, dose fractionation, and risk of SMNs after HCT. The cumulative incidence of SMNs increases with follow-up time; thus, HCT survivors require lifetime monitoring for early detection and effective therapy of SMNs.
Development of Effective Therapeutics Targeting HER3 for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Liu Xiaolong , Liu Shuang , Lyu Hui , Riker Adam I. , Zhang Yamin , Liu Bolin
Published: April 2019

HER3 is the third member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER/EGFR) family, and unlike its other family members, is unique due to its minimal intrinsic kinase activity. As a result, HER3 has to interact with another receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), such as EGFR or HER2, in order to activate the PI-3 K/Akt, MEK/MAPK, Jak/Stat pathways, as well as Src kinase. Over-expression of HER3 in various human cancers promotes tumor progression by increasing metastatic potential and acting as a major cause of treatment failure. Effective inhibition of HER3, and/or the key downstream mediators of HER3 signaling, is thought to be required to overcome resistance and enhance therapeutic efficacy. To date, there is no known HER3-targeted therapy that is approved for breast cancer, with a number of anti-HER3 antibodies current in various stages of development and clinical testing. Recent data suggests that the epigenetic strategy of using a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, or functional cooperative miRNAs, may be an effective way to abrogate HER3 signaling. Here, we summarize the latest advances in our understanding of the mechanism of HER3 signaling in tumor progression, with continuing research towards the identification of therapeutic anti-HER3 antibodies. We will also examine the potential to develop novel epigenetic approaches that specifically target the HER3 receptor, along with important key downstream mediators that are involved in cancer treatment.
Diffraction imaging using geometric-mean reverse time migration and common-reflection surface
Authors: Yin Jianhang , Nakata Nori
Published: April 2019

Diffracted waves contain a great deal of valuable information about small-scale subsurface structure such as faults, pinch-outs, karsts, and fractures, which are closely related to hydrocarbon accumulation and production. Therefore, diffraction separation and imaging with high spatial resolution play an increasingly critical role in seismic exploration. We have applied the geometric-mean reverse time migration (GmRTM) method to diffracted waves for imaging only subsurface diffractors based on the difference of the wave phenomena between diffracted and reflected waves. Numerical tests prove the advantages of this method on diffraction imaging with higher resolution as well as fewer artifacts compared to conventional RTM even when we only have a small number of receivers. Then, we developed a workflow to extract diffraction information using a fully data-driven method, called common-reflection surface (CRS), before we applied GmRTM. Application of this workflow indicates that GmRTM further improves the quality of the image by combining with the diffraction-separation technique CRS in the data domain.
Impaired Fat Oxidation During Exercise in Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency Patients and Effect of IV-Glucose
Authors: Madsen Karen Lindhardt , Stemmerik Mads Godtfeldt , Buch Astrid Emilie , Poulsen Nanna Scharff , Lund Allan Meldgaard , Vissing John
Published: April 2019

Context

Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD) affects oxidation of long-chain fatty acids (FAO) and is associated with risk of metabolic crises and episodic rhabdomyolysis.

Case Description

We present the cases of two patients with LCHADD. Patient 1 (male, 26 years old) was severely affected by muscle weakness and neuropathy. He was diagnosed at age 20 years and was nonadherent to standard dietary management. MRI revealed significant fat replacement of muscle in both calves. Patient 2 (female, 15 years old) was diagnosed at age 1 year. She had no muscle weakness and was compliant with the recommended diet. Compared with healthy persons, both patients had reduced FAO and palmitate oxidation, measured with indirect calorimetry and stable isotope technique during a submaximal cycle ergometer test. Patient 2 had some residual capacity to increase FAO and a compensatory higher carbohydrate oxidation, which ensured a near-normal exercise capacity. Patient 1 was unable to increase FAO and could only complete 23 minutes of exercise, vs 60 minutes by patient 2 and healthy persons. In both, 10% IV infusion of glucose (IV-glucose) during exercise increased carbohydrate oxidation slightly, but endurance was not improved, which likely relates to the fixed weakness in patient 1 and because the residual FAO was suppressed by the glucose infusion in both.

Conclusion

The two patients illustrate that FAO is impaired and carbohydrate oxidation is elevated during exercise in patients affected by LCHADD, compared with healthy persons, but IV-glucose has no beneficial effect on exercise tolerance in LCHADD.
Biologically inspired approaches to enhance human organoid complexity
Authors: Holloway Emily M. , Capeling Meghan M. , Spence Jason R.
Published: April 2019

Organoids are complex three-dimensional in vitro organ-like model systems. Human organoids, which are derived from human pluripotent stem cells or primary human donor tissue, have been used to address fundamental questions about human development, stem cell biology and organ regeneration. Focus has now shifted towards implementation of organoids for biological discovery and advancing existing systems to more faithfully recapitulate the native organ. This work has highlighted significant unknowns in human biology and has invigorated new exploration into the cellular makeup of human organs during development and in the adult – work that is crucial for providing appropriate benchmarks for organoid systems. In this Review, we discuss efforts to characterize human organ cellular complexity and attempts to make organoid models more realistic through co-culture, transplantation and bioengineering approaches.
The transmembrane protein Crb2a regulates cardiomyocyte apicobasal polarity and adhesion in zebrafish
Authors: Jiménez-Amilburu Vanesa , Stainier Didier Y. R.
Published: April 2019

Tissue morphogenesis requires changes in cell-cell adhesion as well as in cell shape and polarity. Cardiac trabeculation is a morphogenetic process essential for forming a functional ventricular wall. Here, we show that zebrafish hearts lacking Crb2a, a component of the Crumbs polarity complex, display compact wall integrity defects and fail to form trabeculae. Crb2a localization is very dynamic at a time when other cardiomyocyte junctional proteins also relocalize. Before the initiation of cardiomyocyte delamination to form the trabecular layer, Crb2a is expressed in all ventricular cardiomyocytes and colocalizes with the junctional protein ZO-1. Subsequently, Crb2a becomes localized all along the apical membrane of compact layer cardiomyocytes and is downregulated in the delaminating cardiomyocytes. We show that blood flow and Nrg/ErbB2 signaling regulate Crb2a localization dynamics. crb2a−/− display a multilayered wall with polarized cardiomyocytes: a unique phenotype. Our data further indicate that Crb2a regulates cardiac trabeculation by controlling the localization of tight and adherens junction proteins in cardiomyocytes. Importantly, transplantation data show that Crb2a controls CM behavior in a cell-autonomous manner in the sense that crb2a−/− cardiomyocytes transplanted into wild-type animals were always found in the trabecular layer. In summary, our study reveals a crucial role for Crb2a during cardiac development.
Shigella MreB promotes polar IcsA positioning for actin tail formation
Authors: Krokowski Sina , Atwal Sharanjeet , Lobato-Márquez Damián , Chastanet Arnaud , Carballido-López Rut , Salje Jeanne , Mostowy Serge
Published: April 2019

Pathogenic Shigella bacteria are a paradigm to address key issues of cell and infection biology. Polar localisation of the Shigella autotransporter protein IcsA is essential for actin tail formation, which is necessary for the bacterium to travel from cell-to-cell; yet how proteins are targeted to the bacterial cell pole is poorly understood. The bacterial actin homologue MreB has been extensively studied in broth culture using model organisms including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Caulobacter crescentus, but has never been visualised in rod-shaped pathogenic bacteria during infection of host cells. Here, using single-cell analysis of intracellular Shigella, we discover that MreB accumulates at the cell pole of bacteria forming actin tails, where it colocalises with IcsA. Pharmacological inhibition of host cell actin polymerisation and genetic deletion of IcsA is used to show, respectively, that localisation of MreB to the cell poles precedes actin tail formation and polar localisation of IcsA. Finally, by exploiting the MreB inhibitors A22 and MP265, we demonstrate that MreB polymerisation can support actin tail formation. We conclude that Shigella MreB promotes polar IcsA positioning for actin tail formation, and suggest that understanding the bacterial cytoskeleton during host–pathogen interactions can inspire development of new therapeutic regimes for infection control.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
ZC3H12B/MCPIP2, a new active member of the ZC3H12 family
Authors: Wawro Mateusz , Wawro Karolina , Kochan Jakub , Solecka Aleksandra , Sowinska Weronika , Lichawska-Cieslar Agata , Jura Jolanta , Kasza Aneta
Published: April 2019

ZC3H12B is the most enigmatic member of the ZC3H12 protein family. The founding member of this family, Regnase-1/MCPIP1/ZC3H12A, is a well-known modulator of inflammation and is involved in the degradation of inflammatory mRNAs. In this study, for the first time, we characterized the properties of the ZC3H12B protein. We show that the biological role of ZC3H12B depends on an intact NYN/PIN RNase domain. Using RNA immunoprecipitation, experiments utilizing actinomycin D and ELISA, we show that ZC3H12B binds interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA in vivo, regulates its turnover, and results in reduced production of IL-6 protein upon stimulation with IL-1β. We verified that regulation of IL-6 mRNA stability occurs via interaction of ZC3H12B with the stem–loop structure present in the IL-6 3′UTR. The IL-6 transcript is not the only target of ZC3H12B. ZC3H12B also interacts with other known substrates of Regnase-1 and ZC3H12D, such as the 3′UTRs of IER3 and Regnase-1, and binds IER3 mRNA in vivo. Using immunofluorescence, we examined the localization of ZC3H12B within the cell. ZC3H12B forms small, granule-like structures in the cytoplasm that are characteristic of proteins involved in mRNA turnover. The overexpression of ZC3H12B inhibits proliferation by stalling the cell cycle in the G2 phase. This effect of ZC3H12B is also NYN/PIN dependent. The analysis of the ZC3H12B mRNA level reveals its highest expression in the human brain and the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, although the factors regulating its expression remain elusive. Down-regulation of ZC3H12B in SH-SY5Y cells by specific shRNAs results in up-regulation of ZC3H12B-target mRNAs.
Small for gestational age babies and depressive symptoms of mothers during pregnancy: Results from a birth cohort in India
Authors: Babu Giridhara R. , Murthy G.V.S. , Reddy Yogesh , Deepa R. , Yamuna A. , Prafulla S. , Krishnan Anjaly , Lobo Eunice , Rathnaiah Mohanbabu , Kinra Sanjay
Published: April 2019

Background: Annually, more than a million Low birthweight (LBW) are born in India, often afflicting disadvantaged families. Several studies have undertaken association of poverty, nutritional status, and obstetric factors with LBW. Through our study, we aimed to examine the possibility of any relation between Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score measured during pregnancy with incidence of babies born Small for Gestational Age (SGA). Moreover, we explored if there is any utility for identifying a cut-off point of EPDS for predicting SGA.

Methods: Pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at a public hospital between 14 to 32 weeks were recruited from April 2016 to Oct 2017. The EPDS was administered to assess depression through face-to-face interviews. Newborn anthropometry was performed post-delivery. For analysis, birth weight <10 percentile was classified as SGA and >90th percentile as Large for Gestational Age (LGA).

Results: Prevalence of depressive symptoms (EPDS score >11) was 16.5% (n=108/654) in antenatal mothers. These women delivered a higher proportion of SGA babies (21.3 v/s 15.8) and LGA (9.3 v/s 3.3) compared to women with no symptoms. The odds of women giving birth to a child with SGA were twice as high for women with EPDS scores >11 (adjusted OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.12 – 3.70) compared to the women with EPDS scores of ≤11. In terms of Area under curve (AUC), EPDS 11 cut off (AUC: 0.757, CI 0.707- 0.806) was same as EPDS 12 cut-off (AUC: 0.757, CI 0.708- 0.807), which was slightly lower than EPDS 13 cut off (AUC: 0.759 CI 0.709- 0.809).

Conclusions: We found a strong association of antenatal depressive symptoms during pregnancy with SGA measured by EPDS. Thus, we recommend implementation of timely and effective screening, diagnostic services, and evidence-based antenatal mental health services in order to combat SGA, and further associated-metabolic syndromes.
Development of Corporate Banking Reporting for Internal Audit and Financial Security Monitoring
Authors: Лукьянов А. , Luk'yanov A.
Published: April 2019

Based on the analysis of corporate reporting formed today in commercial banks, the author identifi ed the need for its development to improve management efficiency, including internal audit organized by owners, as well as monitoring financial security conducted by top management of banks. Particular attention is paid to the organization of IT technologies and their control in order to ensure the fi nancial security of commercial banks, including in the system of preparing corporate management reporting, which together with the compliance with Basel III standards is aimed at solving the problem of reducing banking risks.
Target Cuts from Relaxed Decision Diagrams
Authors: Tjandraatmadja Christian , van Hoeve Willem-Jan
Published: April 2019

The most common approach to generate cuts in integer programming is to derive them from the linear programming relaxation. We study an alternative approach that extracts cuts from discrete relaxations known as relaxed decision diagrams. Through a connection between decision diagrams and polarity, the algorithm generates cuts that are facet defining for the convex hull of a decision diagram relaxation. As proof of concept, we provide computational evidence that this algorithm generates strong cuts for the maximum independent set problem and the minimum set covering problem.

The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2018.0830 .
Identifying Exceptional Responders in Randomized Trials: An Optimization Approach
Authors: Bertsimas Dimitris , Korolko Nikita , Weinstein Alexander M.
Published: April 2019

In randomized clinical trials, there may be a benefit to identifying subgroups of the study population for which a treatment was exceptionally effective or ineffective. We present an efficient mixed-integer optimization formulation that can directly find an interpretable subset with maximum (or minimum) average treatment effect. Using both simulated and real data from randomized trials, we demonstrate the effectiveness and stability of the optimization approach in identifying subsets with exceptional response and verifying their statistical significance.
Restoration of anterior teeth using polychromatic layering techniques
Authors: Chandrapal Andrew
Published: April 2019

The philosophy and procedure of functionally guided anterior restorations is not a new one. The concept does, however, require small points of explanation and detail that the General Dental Practitioner needs to consider in order to secure success in such restorations. This article aims to explore, identify and explain such details with application of a clinical case carried out in general practice.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Functional and aesthetic evaluations required to conduct direct anterior restorations in a logical and predictable method. Employment of systems within a procedure can help to rule out and prevent erroneous errors and inconsistencies that complicate the procedure as well as potentially disappoint the clinician and/or patient.
Minimally Invasive Direct Restoration of Worn Teeth: A Simplified Technique
Authors: Parmar Dipesh
Published: April 2019

Historically, patients presenting with tooth wear were commonly managed with partial or full coverage cement-retained indirect restorations according to traditional restorative protocols. Conventional rehabilitations are biologically and financially expensive, time consuming and rely heavily on precise laboratory collaboration. Recent advances in adhesive technology and materials have enabled direct composite resin to be used as a minimally invasive alternative in the management of non-carious tooth tissue loss. As extensive direct composite restorations remain technique sensitive and can be time-consuming, this paper describes an innovative, simplified placement technique that uses a progressive diagnostic wax-up, transparent silicone templates and heated composite resin.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The predictable, conservative method of full mouth rehabilitation described in this article is cost-effective and time efficient and can deliver an excellent aesthetic outcome.
Drawing the Dao: Reflections on the application of Daoist theory of action in contemporary drawing practice
Authors: Flavel Sarah , Luzar Robert
Published: April 2019

In this article, we engage resources in Daoist philosophy as a means for critically investigating theories of drawing in contemporary arts practice. The aims of this article are twofold. First, we highlight the problematic metaphysical assumptions that inform contemporary drawing practice and its theorization around ‘performance’. In particular, we criticize the tendency to conceive such performance in terms of transcendent or mystical expression, and relatedly, through notions of unthinking or pre-conceptual bodily practice. We suggest that such practices, and their corresponding theories, problematically bifurcate between ‘thinking’ and ‘unthinking’ action, thereby reinforcing a substance-based metaphysics. Second, in response to this problem, we begin to outline how Daoist philosophies of action might provide a more robust theorization for undertaking such practices. We consider the philosophical implications of what Hans-Georg Moeller has termed ‘the Dao Scenario’, as a model for critical practice that can avoid such problematic mysticism.
Patterns of civil imagination: Drawing the Unshowable Photographs
Authors: Boyd Jean
Published: April 2019

Seeking out the patterns of constituent violence, so that these patterns might be understood and reordered, lies at the heart of Ariella Azoulay’s discursive project, the Unshowable Photographs: Different Ways Not to Say Deportation (2012). The photographs in question capture scenes from the mass movement of Palestinians after the establishment of the state of Israel. In response to archival restrictions, she enacts an apparently simple gesture, that of making drawings of these ‘unshowable’ photographs. The resulting works operate to reposition the viewer as an active interpreter, suggesting a practice that is both aesthetic and political. These terms are examined for their ability to cast light on Azoulay’s key concepts of civil imagination and the civic gaze. Her critique of the archive is also considered, particularly archival mechanisms for setting and repeating divisive, diachronic patterns whose impacts are not contained in the past but continue to work on the present. However, the archive can also be a generative source of potential histories, occluded patterns of life and possibilities that were suppressed or overlooked. Azoulay approaches photography as an event that is ongoing and multiple, renewed in each encounter with a viewer. The drawings, as a form of graphic witnessing, intensify the ethical relation to the image. I will argue that the act of drawing seeks to bind rather than separate, bringing us in to a relation with the image that the photograph could not. From here it is possible to glimpse the emergence of a civil imaginary that resists familiar aesthetic and political categories, one that obliges viewers to reconsider their agency as citizens. Recognizing this, new patterns of being-with others may become possible.
Pattern at the boundaries of order
Authors: Ward Lucy , Flicker Felix
Published: April 2019

Chaos, in the sense used by mathematicians and physicists, contains a beautiful co-mingling of order and disorder. Here, we consider the interplay between periodic order, and disorder, in both space and time. This boundary is considered in both mathematical terms, and in terms of our experiences of order and pattern in our everyday routines. Periodic spatial patterns can exist in two dimensions, and finite sections can be made on paper (drawings, designs). These two-dimensional patterns are described by the seventeen ‘wallpaper groups’, a mathematical classification also used to describe the structure of crystals found in nature. In this article, supported by discussion of disrupted, non-regular and quasiperiodic patterns, we present a series of Lucy’s drawings, showing how one periodic order can deform into another. The drawings attempt to represent experienced patterns (habits and routines) as decorative pattern.
Representation and instrumentality of the 1950s Midwest American drawing in architectural practice
Authors: Andjelkovic Katarina
Published: April 2019

This paper analyses the instrumentality of drawings in Midwest American architectural practices of the 1950s, by using Bruce Goff as its case study. With consideration for the cultural values characteristic of the post-war period, this article proposes that the architectural drawing provides alternative approaches to mainstream American Modernism. Although the primary role of drawing practice is to represent architectural concepts, the drawing is not merely an analytical and interpretative means of spatial representation. The drawing is also an empirical tool, for visual thinking and the visual imagining of space. In prioritizing visual, sensory and transitory effects, the drawing is aided by spatial experiences and gives particular attention to the viewer. As such, it functions additionally as a tool for testing methodologies of representation, and embodies the effects of natural phenomena to comprise a distinctly perceptive quality in architecture. In this way, the drawing does not merely refer to the visible field of architectural representation. It includes sensory and transitory effects, and mimics the external forms of nature. Through the creativeness of Midwestern architects, the language of composing forms, organization, and structuring was inspired by patterns such as those used in the repetitive compositions of the Beaux-Arts. By connecting organic forms, graphics and artwork, the focus of these architects was to explore how patterns and chaos, from nature, relate to composing space. With consideration for other mid-century architectural, cultural and artistic movements, the aim of this research is to understand how these ideas relate to composing and representing space, towards the possibility of artistic autonomy in architecture.
INFLUENCE ANALYSIS OF ROCK MECHANICAL PARAMETERS ON THE TBM PENETRATING RATE
Authors: Lu Jin , Liao Xiaofan
Published: April 2019

To study the influences of rock mechanical parameters on the penetrating rate of a tunnel boring machine (TBM), a 3D discrete element model, namely, 3D distinct element code (3DEC), was used to build simulated models on rock fragments using a TBM cutter based on the geological conditions of the west route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. The change rule of the TBM penetrating rate caused by different rock mechanical parameters was analyzed. The line graph of the relationship between the TBM penetrating rate and rock mechanical parameters was fitted using the least squares method. Results show that the TBM penetrating rate will decrease with an increase in uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus. By contrast, it will increase with an increase in rock Poisson’s ratio. This finding is in accordance with the result of the finished project. A numerical foundation was provided for the TBM tunneling of diversion tunnels in the west route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project.
Z antykiem w tle…
Authors: Krajewska Anna
Published: April 2019

An introduction to this year`s issue of “Przestrzenie Teorii” reflecting on the possibilities offered byanamorphic reception. The proposed reading category shows how we can influence the past in our individual reading acts.
Rumuńska choroba na śmierć. Kilka uwag o hermeneutyce cielesności (na przykładzie prozy Maxa Blechera)
Authors: Szymankiewicz Błażej
Published: April 2019

In the European literature and culture of the interwar period we can observe increased interest in the physicality and the process of dying. Novels which touch upon these subjects are described by some scholars and critics as “sanitarian literature”. The following text is discussing the issues of the works of Max Blecher; his novel “Scarred Hearts” can be included in the circle of mentioned “sanitarian literature”. Blecher’s novel presents certain strategies of dealing with a terminal illness and the finiteness of human existence, as well as the alientation associated with these. The most frequently cited interpretive trail in this case is the philosophy of Kierkegaard, Jaspers and Heidegger. In the first part of the article, I refer to Blecher’s biography and his reception, while in the next part I contrast selected excerpts from his novel with philosophical hermeneutics.
O pochodzeniu tragedii albo co zawdzięczamy Arystotelesowi
Authors: Wachowski Jacek
Published: April 2019

Greek tragedy, as an expression shaped in the course of a performance, requires not only extending the field of investigation to include extra-philosophical interpretations, but also searching for its sources within the framework of the Greek thinking, described most profundly by Aristotle. The tradition of the Aristotle is inducing us to the reply to numerous questions, concerning Dionysus, as well as composition of the tragedy. Adopting his intellectual perspective provokes us to seek the genesis of tragedy in Greek logos. Apart of being a language (it referred to the notional structure of the Greek universe, defined the way of thinking, and provide a set or rules regarding presentation) it was also an order organizing the sense of action. It combined with doing, provokes action and constituted a reflection of the gestures made on stage.
Literacki opór wobec lektury odczarowującej
Authors: Ostrowski Marek
Published: April 2019

The paper deals with issues regarding the disenchantment of literature stemming from the instrumental approach in literary studies. It highlights cases of resistance to this disenchantment of literature both in academic and literary works. The instrumental lecture is contrasted with the creative one, which results from opening up to otherness contained within the text. The creation of unassimilated otherness is the drving force of the literary avant-garde, which uses it as a defence against scientific disenchantment. Possible reasons for the feeling of literary disenchantment are discussed in this paper and the validity of such fears is taken into consideration.
Wymiary transfikcjonalności
Authors: Maj Krzysztof M.
Published: April 2019

The article Facets of Transfictionality delivers a concise analysis of the newly-introduced narratological concept of “transfictionality” (put forward by Richard Saint-Gelais in the early 2000s). The author discusses the phenomenon as emerging on the border between the text-centred poetics of classical narratology and the world-centred poetics of postclassical narratology by use of Jan-Noël Thon’s and Marie-Laure Ryan’s project of “media-conscious narratology”. Defined as such, transfictionality allows the contemporary phenomena of retelling or cross-over to be described without the necessity of reproducing fan-made concepts and terms of such ilk, and instead rooting them in established theoretical constructs, such as narrative metalepsis. Consequently, the article illustrates the postclassical theory of narrative and the theory of literature with examples more common to media studies, with the aim being to emphasise Ryan’s thesis that transmediality is only a specific case of transfictionality, and that the latter is a far older and better acknowledged concept what is generally understood as the theory of fiction. Moreover, the text follows up on Saint-Gelais’ inspirations derived from Umberto Eco’s cultural semiotics and proposes to introduce an Eco-inspired concept of “xeno-encyclopaedic competence” in order to determine a specific recipient’s competence that allows them to move across not only media or texts but also imaginary worlds, which consequently become their fictional habitats.
Scena prawdy dyskursywnej i postprawdy. „Fakty autentyczne” i fakty medialne we współczesnym teatrze polskim
Authors: Dobrowolski Piotr
Published: April 2019

Theatre practitioners’ statements relating to the notion of truth lead to the category of post-truth. Stage of discursive truth and post-truth article discusses theatre practice of engaging feelings, impressions and emotions to take precedence over interpretations, assessments and descriptions of facts. The article critically approaches using of media discourses in theatre in order to produce the imitation of truth. The author refers to Agnieszka Jakimiak’s and Weronika Szczawińska’s play Wojny, których nie przeżyłam [Wars I have not experienced] and other selected recent Polish plays and performances. The thesis connects the media-shaped image of Polish theatre art institution seen as an area of provocation with an experience of a viewer and an ontological status of an actor. This allows drawing a conclusion that theatre uses the category of truth instrumentally, as one of its repertoire’s tools to provoke emotional reactions in the audience. Theatre performances allow one to explore the world, but also to co-create it. The theatre is a performative and cognitive sieve provoking and shaping experience that affects reality.
Practice in financial support of third party organised conferences and courses at a national level for health care professionals in Europe
Authors: Pašalić Daria , Homšak Evgenija , Buño Antonio , Bergmann Katarzyna , Carru Ciriaco
Published: April 2019

Background

Ethical MedTech prescribes high standards for the participation of the in vitro diagnostics (IVD) industry in third-party organised educational events in terms of charitable donations, educational grants, scholarships and fellowships. We planned a survey to investigate the previous and current practice in terms of cooperation between professionals or professional societies and the IVD industry, as well as plans under the incorporation of the MedTech Europe Code.

Methods

Different questions, from general information to specific questions related to the practice and knowledge of the new Ethical MedTech Code, were included in two different surveys; for European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) National Societies’ (NSs) representatives, and for their (NSs) individual members.

Results

Twenty-five out of 40 EFLM NS representatives replied; more than half declared that all different types of financial resources were available for supporting the continuing professional education of health care professionals (HCPs). In addition, 322 individual responses collected from 31 NSs, answered that the institutional director (50.3%) or laboratory chief (70.1%) made generally made a decision, without specific criteria.

Conclusions

The MedTech Europe Code is already adopted or is about to be adopted in numerous EFLM NSs, but most of them have not implemented it as yet. The use of the Code and better communication between IVD companies and HCPs are necessary to guarantee an improved and fair use of financial support, as well as better choices for the organisation and attendance at scientific events.
Pitting corrosion and effect ofEuphorbia echinusextract on the corrosion behavior of AISI 321 stainless steel in chlorinated acid
Authors: Koumya Y. , Idouhli R. , Khadiri M. , Abouelfida A. , Aityoub A. , Benyaich A. , Romane A.
Published: April 2019

Stainless steel (SS) is a very corrosion-resistant alloy used in different industrial plants because of its chemical and mechanical properties. However, the high chloride concentration in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) may promote both general corrosion and pitting corrosion. The pitting corrosion susceptibility in SS in chlorinated H2SO4and the effect ofEuphorbia echinusextract (EEE) on both general corrosion and pitting corrosion have been studied using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, chronoamperometry, cyclic voltammetry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pitting potential has been found to shift slightly in the presence of chloride ions (Cl−) in H2SO4. Also, pitting corrosion initiation has been demonstrated in the recorded chronoamperograms as a linear straight line having a positive slope. EEE has reduced the general corrosion and the inhibitor adsorption was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm. SEM micrographs showed that the tested inhibitor has efficiently acted on pitting corrosion for different concentrations of Cl−. Also, the kinetic findings were in good agreement with the surface analysis data. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometric measurements provided more insights on the interaction between the chemical functional groups of the inhibitor and the SS surface.
Understanding diagnosis through ACTion: evaluation of a point-of-care checklist for junior emergency medical residents
Authors: Kilian Michael , Sherbino Jonathan , Hicks Christopher , Monteiro Sandra D.
Published: April 2019

Background

Avoiding or correcting a diagnostic error first requires identification of an error and perhaps deciding to revise a diagnosis, but little is known about the factors that lead to revision. Three aspects of reflective practice, seeking Alternative explanations, exploring the Consequences of missing these alternative diagnoses, identifying Traits that may contradict the provisional diagnosis, were incorporated into a three-point diagnostic checklist (abbreviated to ACT).

Methods

Seventeen first and second year emergency medicine residents from the University of Toronto participated. Participants read up to eight case vignettes and completed the ACT diagnostic checklist. Provisional and final diagnoses and all responses for alternatives, consequences, and traits were individually scored as correct or incorrect. Additionally, each consequence was scored on a severity scale from 0 (not severe) to 3 (very severe). Average scores for alternatives, consequences, and traits and the severity rating for each consequence were entered into a binary logistic regression analysis with the outcome of revised or retained provisional diagnosis.

Results

Only 13% of diagnoses were revised. The binary logistic regression revealed that three scores derived from the ACT tool responses were associated with the decision to revise: severity rating of the consequence for missing the provisional diagnosis, the percent correct for identifying consequences, and the percent correct for identifying traits (χ2 = 23.5, df = 6, p < 0.001). The other three factors were not significant predictors.

Conclusions

Decisions to revise diagnoses may be cued by the detection of contradictory evidence. Education interventions may be more effective at reducing diagnostic error by targeting the ability to detect contradictory information within patient cases.
Fluoride Removal from Groundwater by Technological Process Optimization
Authors: Valentukeviciene Marina , Zurauskiene Ramune , Boussouga Youssef Amine
Published: April 2019

Fluoride removal from aqueous solutions was studied using nanofiltration and sorption techniques which have always been best key ways to deal with water contaminated by fluoride. In this presented work, we were firstly interested on fluoridated rejected water overcoming the drawback of RO membrane process of groundwater treatment plant in Baltic region (Kretinga, Lithuania). Opoka sorbent has shown effective results of fluoride sorption with efficiency higher than 77 %. In order to understand the sorption phenomenon and to validate the results obtained, we have applied experimental data on Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms which allow us to determine isotherms parameters (KF
; 1/n and KL
; q
max) and to confirm the experiment. Because of the unacceptable tariff of drinking water treated by RO, defluoridation with nanofiltration method is proposed in this study as a solution which can replace reverse osmosis technique. For that, tests of nanofiltration for fluoride removal were carried out at laboratory scale by using nanofiltration flat sheet membranes (NF270 and NF90).
Diffusive Properties of Alginate Biosorbents
Authors: Kwiatkowska-Marks Sylwia , Miłek Justyna
Published: April 2019

Effective diffusion coefficients for different heavy-metal salts: Cu, Cd, Zn, Cr, Pb in calcium alginate beads were determined. Their values depended on the metal type, anion from the metal salt, and the alginate content in the beads. The results of calculations indicate a decrease in the values of De
, caused by an increase in the alginate content in the alginate sorbent beads. This is in agreement with the mechanism of the diffusion process taking place in porous carriers. Experimental data were found to be in good agreement with the mathematical model, as indicated by high values of the correlation coefficient.
Use of The Eggshells in Removing Heavy Metals from Waste Water - The Process Kinetics and Efficiency
Authors: Makuchowska-Fryc Joanna
Published: April 2019

Studies of the efficiency of Ni, Cu and Cd cations removal from water solutions were carried out, with the use of clay limestone, hen eggshells from eggs for consumption and hen eggshells after hatching, which main element is calcium carbonate. Hen eggshells are a waste product, which can be used as a substitute of clay limestone in removing heavy metals from wet flue gas desulphurisation installation. Mixed solutions of Ni, Cu and Cd were used in the research, with the composition similar to the waste water from wet flue gas desulphurisation installation: Ni (0.009-0.053 mmol/dm3), Cu (0.008-0.057 mmol/dm3) and Cd (0.003-0.008 mmol/dm3). The metals were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (F-AAS). Kinetics of the process was analysed and equilibrium parameters were estimated, taking into consideration changes of the solutions pH during the process duration. It was demonstrated that the dominating mechanism of cations removal is their binding in hydroxides and carbonates. The studies demonstrated comparable characteristics of hen eggshells versus clay limestone, in the context of their application in removal of heavy metal cations from solutions.
Multipurpose Usage of Magnetic Proppantsduring Shale Gas Exploitation
Authors: Bogacki Jan , Zawadzki Jarosław
Published: April 2019

Magnetic material may be added to proppant, as the magnetic marker allows to determine the range and efficiency of hydraulic fracturing. However, magnetic proppant may be also used in flowback fluid treatment and monitoring of environmental pollution. As a result of shale gas hydraulic fracturing, large volume of flowback fluid is created. Flow back fluid have similar properties to fracturing fluid, but it is potentially enriched with large amount of salts and organic compounds leached from shale. Magnetic proppant may serve as a heterogeneous catalyst during organic pollutants decomposition. Additionally, in case of leakage and consequently the fracturing fluid pollution, magnetic proppant is placed into the soil environment. It can be detected using magnetometric methods. This article discusses the above-mentioned issues based on the knowledge and experience of the authors and the literature review.