bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fibrin Scaffolds Containing Ectomesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Behavioral and Histological Improvement in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Liu Jinbo , Chen Qian , Zhang Zhijian , Zheng Yuhua , Sun Xianglan , Cao Xudong , Gong Aihua , Cui Yanhong , He Qinghua , Jiang Ping
Published: June 2013

Fibrin has been widely used in wound healing. However, its benefit for spinal cord injury (SCI) is limited. In this study, we investigated the impact of fibrin scaffolds containing ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) on histological and behavioral recovery after SCI and compared it with fibrin alone. To achieve this, EMSCs derived from adult rat nasal respiratory mucosa were cultured, characterized and transfected with green fluorescent protein adenovirus before transplantation. Then, Sprague-Dawley host rats were randomly assigned into four groups: the control group (laminectomy); the SCI group (laminectomy and transection of spinal cords); the fibrin group (fibrin was transplanted immediately after SCI), and the fibrin cell (FC) group (fibrin scaffolds containing EMSCs were transplanted after SCI). Three days after the operation, a TUNEL assay indicated less apoptotic cells in the FC group than in the fibrin group. Two weeks after SCI, fluorescence staining demonstrated not only the survival and migration of EMSCs into the lesion sites, but also a higher number of nerve fibers in the FC group than in the fibrin group. Histological examination including immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy 12 weeks after the operation showed more nerve fibers and a thicker myelin sheath in the FC group compared to the fibrin group. Western blotting confirmed these morphological results. Consistent with the histological results, Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor scores of the FC group were higher than those of the fibrin group. These results suggest that fibrin scaffolds containing EMSCs can improve the behavioral and histological recovery after SCI better than fibrin alone.
Radiation-Induced Esophagitis Exacerbated by Everolimus
Authors: Miura Yuji , Suyama Koichi , Shimomura Akihiko , Miyakawa Jimpei , Kobayashi Hiroki , Uki Akiyoshi , Okaneya Toshikazu , Takano Toshimi
Published: June 2013

Background: Everolimus, a potent mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, has shown anticancer activity against various types of cancer, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, little information is available on the efficacy and safety of the combination of everolimus and radiotherapy. We report a case of radiation-induced esophagitis that might have been exacerbated by the sequential administration of everolimus. Case Presentation: A 63-year-old Japanese man with RCC complained of back pain, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed vertebral metastases. He received radiotherapy (30 Gy/10 fractions) to the T6-10 vertebrae. Everolimus was administered immediately after the completion of radiotherapy. One week later, he complained of dysphagia, nausea and vomiting. An endoscopic examination of the esophagus showed erosive esophagitis in the middle to lower portions of his thoracic esophagus, corresponding to the irradiation field. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware that everolimus might lead to the unexpected exacerbation of radiation toxicities.
Stimulating the Brain's Language Network: Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution after TMS to the Inferior Frontal Gyrus and Middle Temporal Gyrus
Authors: Acheson Daniel J. , Hagoort Peter
Published: June 2013

The posterior middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) are two critical nodes of the brain's language network. Previous neuroimaging evidence has supported a dissociation in language comprehension in which parts of the MTG are involved in the retrieval of lexical syntactic information and the IFG in unification operations that maintain, select, and integrate multiple sources of information over time. In the present investigation, we tested for causal evidence of this dissociation by modulating activity in IFG and MTG using an offline TMS procedure: continuous theta-burst stimulation. Lexical–syntactic retrieval was manipulated by using sentences with and without a temporarily word-class (noun/verb) ambiguity (e.g., run). In one group of participants, TMS was applied to the IFG and MTG, and in a control group, no TMS was applied. Eye movements were recorded and quantified at two critical sentence regions: a temporarily ambiguous region and a disambiguating region. Results show that stimulation of the IFG led to a modulation of the ambiguity effect (ambiguous–unambiguous) at the disambiguating sentence region in three measures: first fixation durations, total reading times, and regressive eye movements into the region. Both IFG and MTG stimulation modulated the ambiguity effect for total reading times in the temporarily ambiguous sentence region relative to the control group. The current results demonstrate that an offline repetitive TMS protocol can have influences at a different point in time during online processing and provide causal evidence for IFG involvement in unification operations during sentence comprehension.
Plated Cyzicene hektē from the Collection of the Numismatics Department of the State Historical Museum
Authors: Zakharov Eugeniï V.
Published: June 2013

Abstract

In this article a plated hektē from Cyzicus is published, preserved in the collection of the Numismatics Department of the State Historical Museum. Results of metallographic analysis have shown that the plated hektē from Cyzicus has a silver core. In connection with this the question is examined as to how the plated coins were manufactured and how they circulated in the 6th-4th centuries BC.
Assas: A Place Name in the Crimea Difficult to Interpret
Authors: Charalampakis Pantelis
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Theophanes the Confessor described Justinian II’s voyage from Phanagoreia to Symvolon (Balaklava) and recorded the place name Assas in southern Crimea. It seems that, most likely, Assas has nothing to do with the names Asandi (Anonymus Ravennatis) and Assa (Stephanus Byzantius). The name Assas should be linked to the peoples of the Alans or the As, whose presence in southern Crimea is confirmed by both literary (Anonymi Periplus Ponti Euxini) and archaeological evidence (mainly necropoleis). Assas was not a settlement name, but a place name describing a vast area at the southern shores of the Crimea.
Bouterolle from the Village of Patardzeuli (Kakheti, Eastern Georgia)
Authors: Maisuradze Vissarion , Pirtskhalava Marina
Published: June 2013

Abstract

In the Sighnaghi museum there is a bronze bouterolle found by chance during earthworks in the village of Patardzeuli in Kakhetia (Eastern Georgia). This cast bronze object in the shape of a rhyton and 12 cm long is the terminal of a wooden dagger sheath (or a wooden one once covered in leather). The terminal tapers evenly downwards and then broadens out to one side with a curved open-work detail representing a highly stylized depiction of a bird’s head: it consists of an imitation of a delicate spiral resembling a curved beak, while the eye is conveyed by a round knob positioned on the main part of the terminal next to the lateral detail. There are two rows of round knobs around the top rim of the bouterolle: between them there are two holes on each side of the object passing right through it, thus allowing it to be attached to the wood.

Objects of this category have been recorded in various versions in the Caucasus and in modified versions outside. In places, where a context for such finds has made it possible, the period during which they were used has been defined as the second half of the 7th and the 6th century BC. Mapping of such finds indicates that the area of distribution for these terminals is confined mainly to the Northern Caucasus and Transcaucasia. Although heads of birds of prey with their clearly defined large eyes and large curved beaks are one of the most popular motifs in the repertoire of the Animal Style of the Scythians, bouterolles of the type in question are not found in Scythian culture as such. An exception is the terminal from Repyakhovataya Mogila, which in its shape, manner of execution and proportions stands out from the rest and has been classified as a Scythian variant of the Caucasian bouterolles.

Our research has led us to conclude that the fashioning of the scabbard chape in the shape of a bird’s head can be traced back to the practice of a local tradition in the Caucasus. We suggest that on the bouterolle from Patardzeuli, as for the other terminals from this series, the widely known motif of a bird’s head has been interpreted in a specific style intrinsic only to these objects, which gave rise to this special form of terminal. All the features, which set this group apart from artefacts of Scythian type from the same period, make it possible to conclude that bronze bouterolles of the type examined here represent a phenomenon from the Caucasus.
The Beginning and the Maturity of Nomadic Powers in the Eurasian Steppes: Growing and Downsizing of Elite Tumuli
Authors: Toshio Hayashi
Published: June 2013

Abstract

From 1999 to 2007 Japan-Mongol joint archaeological expedition worked in the Ulaan Uushig site near the city Mörön, Northern Mongolia. The purpose of our survey is to determine the date of the beginning of nomadic powers in the Eurasian steppes. In places where early kingship occurred, various sizes of tombs were often built. The tomb size reflected the social status of the dead. And a powerful “king” built a big tumulus as a symbol of power. However, elite tumuli were abandoned along with the maturity of power structures. We consider that such a phenomenon can also be seen in the Eurasian steppes. For this reason we looked for the earliest tumuli in Mongolia, the heartland of rider nomads, and studied the change of size and structure of nomadic elite tombs.
Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 from Southeast Asia (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae)
Authors: WANG SHUXIA , DU ZHAOHUI , LI HOUHUN
Published: June 2013

The genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 is reviewed in Southeast Asia. Twenty-seven new species are described based on the specimens collected in Malaysia, Thailand, Brunei, Burma, Philippines. The new species include P. alveiformis sp. nov., P. angusta sp. nov., P. bruneiensis sp. nov., P. conicispinalis sp. nov., P. ellipsoidea sp. nov., P. exiliprocessa sp. nov., P. extumida sp. nov., P. fascisetacea sp. nov., P. flagellaris sp. nov., P. foraminulata sp. nov., P. fortijuxtalis sp. nov., P. lancea sp. nov., P. latuncata sp. nov., P. longisaccata sp. nov., P. lophacantha sp. nov., P. medispinata sp. nov., P. palm-ifolia sp. nov., P. pectinifera sp. nov., P. sectoralis sp. nov., P. semiovata sp. nov., P. sinualis sp. nov., P. spinosicostalis sp. nov., P. strena sp. nov., P. superimposita sp. nov., P. truncatapicalis sp. nov., P. undulata sp. nov. and P. vulvida sp. nov. Promalactis parasuzukiella Wang, 2006 and P. similiflora Wang, 2006 are recorded from Southeast Asia for the first time. Three species described by Lvovsky are fully redescribed. Images of adults and genitalia are provided, along with a check list of 71 species from Southeast Asia.
Type specimens of Anthus berthelotii Bolle, 1862 (Aves: Motacillidae)
Authors: MLÍKOVSKÝ JIŘÍ , FRAHNERT SYLKE , LOSKOT VLADIMIR M.
Published: June 2013

Berthelot’s Pipit Anthus berthelotii Bolle, 1862a, an endemic to Macaronesia (see e.g. García-Talavera Casañas 1999 for this term), is closely related to the widespread Palearctic Anthus campestris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Alström & Mild 1993; Arctander et al. 1996; Illera et al. 2007; Voelker 1999a,b). Carl August Bolle (1821–1909), German traveler and naturalist, visited Macaronesia in 1851–1853 and again in 1856–1857 (Salinger & Strehlow 1891; see also Bolle 1854a,b, 1857, 1858a,b, 1862a,b). He described Anthus berthelotii in two papers (Bolle 1862a,b), providing a morphological description of the species and referring to several authors who, he believed, recorded the same species under different names. However, he did not mention specific specimen(s) or collection(s) at which he had studied Anthus specimens. Thus, we restudied the original description of Anthus berthelotii to identify its type series.
Three new species of Aethes Billberg, 1820 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Cochylini), with a list of the species from China
Authors: SUN YINGHUI , LI HOUHUN
Published: June 2013

The Chinese species of Aethes Billberg, 1820 are reviewed. Three species, A. acerba, sp. nov., A. semicircularis, sp. nov., and A. subcitreoflava, sp. nov., are described, and A. fennicana (Hering, 1924) is newly recorded from China. Images of adults and genitalia of the new species and the newly recorded species are provided, along with a list, a key, and a distri-bution map to all the known Chinese species.
Review of palaeozygopleurid gastropods (Palaeozygopleuridae, Gastropoda) from Devonian strata of the Perunica microplate (Bohemia), with a re-evaluation of their stratigraphic distribution, notes on their ontogeny, and descriptions of new taxa
Authors: FRÝDA JIŘÍ , FERROVÁ LENKA , FRÝDOVÁ BARBORA
Published: June 2013

Review of all species of the family Palaeozygopleuridae Horný, 1955 (Gastropoda) known from the Perunica microplate (Bohemia) is presented with a description of three new species, Palaeozygopleura lukesi sp. nov., Cimrmaniela sveraki gen. et sp. nov. and Cimrmaniela smoljaki gen. et sp. nov. The stratigraphic distributions of the most of Bohemian palaeo-zygopleurid species are either corrected or refined, based on new records or modern stratigraphic studies. A complete list of the geographic occurrences of all known palaeozygopleurid gastropods from the Perunica microplate is also given to-gether with notes on their ontogeny.
A redescription of a rare axiid shrimp, Amakusaxius amakusanus (Miyake & Sakai, 1967) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea) from new material collected off Taiwan
Authors: KOMAI TOMOYUKI , CHAN TIN-YAM , SHY JHY-YUN
Published: June 2013

Miyake & Sakai (1967) described a new species of axiid shrimp, Calocaris (Calastacus) amakusana, from a single female specimen lacking a major cheliped. Later, Sakai & de Saint Laurent, 1989 transferred this species to their new genus Acan-thaxius. However, Sakai (2011) recently established a new monotypic genus Amakusaxius to accommodate Acanthaxius amakusana. Since the original description no additional specimen of this rare species has been reported and consequently an appraisal of A. amakusanus (Miyake & Sakai, 1967) has not been possible. Now six specimens including three males and three ovigerous females have been collected from Taiwan. This has enabled the diagnostic characters of the species to be fully evaluated. The presence of a postcervical median carina on the carapace, weak armature on the major cheliped, and the morphology of the uropod are characters that distinguish Amakusaxius from Acanthaxius. Consequently the mo-notypic genus Amakusaxius Sakai, 2011 is retained.
Taxonomic study of the cricket genus Valiatrella Gorochov (Gryllidae, Podoscirtinae) from China
Authors: LIBIN MA , YALIN ZHANG
Published: June 2013

Four Valiatrella species, Valiatrella pulchra (Gorochov, 1985), Valiatrella sororia (Gorochov, 2002), Valiatrella laminaria Liu & Shi, 2007 and Valiatrella multiprotubera Liu & Shi, 2007, recorded from China are reviewed. A new species, Val-iatrella persicifolius sp. nov., is described and illustrated.
Rediscovery of Sagittalarva inornata n. gen., n. comb. (Gilbert, 1890) (Perciformes: Labridae), a long-lost deepwater fish from the eastern Pacific Ocean: a case study of a forensic approach to taxonomy using DNA barcoding
Authors: VICTOR BENJAMIN C. , ALFARO MICHAEL E. , SORENSON LAURIE
Published: June 2013

Some of the more valuable contributions of a standardized DNA sequence database (the DNA barcode) are matching spec-imens of different life stages and confirming the species identity of individuals from distant locations. These applications can facilitate the detective work required to solve difficult taxonomic problems. In this case, a match was made between the COI mtDNA sequence of an adult male wrasse recently caught at the tip of Baja California in Mexico in deep water (30–100m) and sequences from a series of unusual larvae collected about 3500 km to the south, in the open ocean over the Galápagos Rift hydrothermal vents in 1985. The Baja adults fit the recent description of Halichoeres raisneri Baldwin & McCosker, 2001 from the Galápagos and Cocos Islands. However, another deepwater labrid is known from the same site and depth in Baja; it is the type locality for the century-old holotype and only specimen of the Cape Wrasse Pseudo-julis inornatus Gilbert, 1890 (later as Pseudojuloides inornatus). Deepwater video images from the tip of Baja show wrasses identical to H. raisneri photographed in Galápagos but who also fit the description of Pseudojulis inornatus. This coincidence led to a closer investigation of the holotype with x-ray, which revealed unanticipated caniniform teeth (vs. incisiform in Pseudojuloides) and an error in the fin-ray count in the original description, both of which mistakenly sep-arated Halichoeres raisneri. The two species now match in markings, meristics, and morphology as well as overlapping range and are therefore synonymized. Phenetic and phylogenetic trees using mtDNA and nuclear DNA sequences show the species is not close to any other lineage and does not group with the other julidine labrids of the New World or the Pseudojuloides or Halichoeres of the Indo-Pacific. The distinctive larval morphology, long, thin, and flattened with a sharply pointed black-tipped snout, resembles no other described labrid larvae and, without an available genus, the new genus Sagittalarva Victor, n. gen. and the new combination Sagittalarva inornata (Gilbert, 1890), n. gen., n. comb. are described.
Ask the right question: a critical step for practicing evidence-based laboratory medicine
Authors: Price Christopher P , Christenson Robert H
Published: June 2013

The purpose of laboratory medicine is to facilitate better decision making in clinical practice and healthcare delivery. Decision making implies an unresolved issue, problem or unmet need. The most important criterion for any investigation to be of value in clinical practice is that it addresses an unmet need. The different ways in which laboratory investigations are utilized in patient care can be represented in the form of questions. It is important that these questions are articulated to highlight the variables that will impact on the effectiveness of the investigation in the scenario being considered. These variables include the characteristics of the patient (or population) and clinical setting, the nature of the decision and action taken on receipt of the test result and the expected outcome. Asking a question is the first step of the evidence-based laboratory medicine (EBLM) cycle, the other steps being acquiring the evidence, critically appraising the evidence, applying the evidence and auditing use of the evidence. Getting the question right determines the quality of the whole process, thus, defines the quality in practice of laboratory medicine. Whilst the main focus of the EBLM cycle is to provide a strong evidence base for use in clinical practice, it is clear that the five steps are equally applicable in commissioning, delivery and audit (performance management) of services. Asking the right question is crucial to improving the quality of evidence, and practice, in laboratory medicine, and should be used in routine laboratory medicine practice and management throughout healthcare.
Children’s Restorative Experiences and Self-Reported Environmental Behaviors
Authors: Collado Silvia , Corraliza José A.
Published: June 2013

Positive experiences in nature relate to children’s environmental behaviors. The reasons for this link remain unknown. One possibility is that children behave more ecologically because they obtain benefits from spending time in nature. In the present study, we looked at positive experiences in nature, specifically restoration, as a motivational factor enhancing children’s proenvironmental behavior. Children ( N = 832) rated their school yards in terms of restoration and reported their frequency of proenvironmental behaviors as well as their environmental attitudes. Perceived restoration predicted 37% of the variance in reported proenvironmental behavior. Moreover, this relationship was completely mediated by environmental attitudes. In addition, fascination, a component of restoration, was the only direct predictor of proenvironmental behavior.
Should routine contrast study be a norm before stoma reversal? A retrospective study of patients with temporary ileostomy
Authors: Saini Pradeep , Gupta Praanjal , Sharma Ashish , Agarwal Nitin , Kaur Navneet , Gupta Arun
Published: June 2013

In the developed nations, temporary ileostomies are usually made in order to protect a distal anastomosis after cancer surgery. However, in India and the neighbouring countries ileal perforation is the most common indication for creating a temporary ileostomy after emergency laparotomy. It seems logical to perform a contrast study when a stoma that was made to protect a bowel anastomosis is being reversed in order to check for anastomosis healing, leak or stenosis. Although we do not know precisely when and why we started this practice, it is customary at our institute to do a contrast study before reversal of a temporary ileostomy. At some institutes a routine contrast study is never done. The utility of this practice has not previously been studied at our institute. This study tries to correlate the surgeon’s clinical and operative findings with the contrast study report in order to see if it may be reasonable to reverse the stoma without a routine contrast study in selected patients where the surgeon has clearly documented absence of any gross disease in the distal bowel and who have had an uneventful post-operative period. To our knowledge this appears to be the first such attempt from our country.
Automatic detection of depleted fixture trap seals using the reflected wave technique
Authors: Kelly David A , Gormley Michael
Published: June 2013

The loss of fixture trap seals presents a potential cross-contamination route for sewer-borne pathogens. The defective trap identification method was developed to assess the status of trap seals using a non-destructive ‘sonar-like’ test based on the reflected wave technique. System diagnosis, proven over several years of laboratory and sited-based validation, primarily depended on manual interpretation of system pressure responses to identify the trap location from the reflected wave return time. This paper advances the technique by introducing the developed ‘TRACER’ program which includes a time series change detection algorithm allowing automatic system diagnosis. Outputs were validated against simulations using the AIRNET numerical model which, together with the ‘PROBE’ Method, was used to determine trap pipe periods, and therefore the location of defective trap seals, with improved accuracy over those calculated theoretically. This technique thus provides a reliable and automated approach to monitoring the protective seal between habitable space and the sewer network.

Practical application: Once installed, the building drainage system is often afforded little consideration in terms of regular maintenance, due partly to the problem of the ‘out of sight, out of mind’ mentality which is so often associated with this fundamental system, but also due to the practicalities of executing such an onerous task. Armed with a greater appreciation of the health risks associated with fixture trap seal loss, due to understanding its role in the transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus in 2003, building owners, operators and regulators must take action to safeguard the integrity of this important protective seal.
Local versus General Anesthesia in Stapes Surgery for Otosclerosis: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
Authors: Wegner Inge , Bittermann Arnold J. N. , Zinsmeester Margitta M. , van der Heijden Geert J. M. , Grolman Wilko
Published: June 2013

Objective

To assess hearing results following primary stapes surgery in patients with otosclerosis, comparing local and general anesthesia.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Scopus.

Review Methods

A systematic search was conducted, followed by assessment of directness of evidence and risk of bias. Studies reporting original data on the effect of local anesthesia, compared to general anesthesia, on closure of air‐bone gap in patients undergoing stapes surgery for otosclerosis were included.

Results

A total of 257 unique studies were retrieved, of which 3 (including 417 procedures) satisfied the eligibility criteria. Assessment showed that all studies carried high risk of bias, and only 1 study provided direct evidence.

Conclusion

There is no difference in postoperative air‐bone gap, worsening of sensorineural hearing loss, and postoperative vertigo between the 2 groups. A statistically significant increased risk of immediate dead ear following stapes surgery performed under general anesthesia was reported in 1 study.
Catastrophic Head and Neck Injuries in Judo Players in Japan From 2003 to 2010
Authors: Kamitani Takeshi , Nimura Yuji , Nagahiro Shinji , Miyazaki Seiji , Tomatsu Taisuke
Published: June 2013

Background:

Few studies have documented catastrophic head and neck injuries in judo, but these injuries deserve greater attention.

Purpose:

To determine the features of catastrophic head and neck injuries in judo.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiological study.

Methods:

This study was based on the accident reports submitted to the All Japan Judo Federation’s System for Compensation for Loss or Damage. A total of 72 judo injuries (30 head, 19 neck, and 23 other injuries) were reported between 2003 and 2010. The investigated parameters were mechanism of injury, age at time of injury, length of judo experience, diagnosis, and outcome.

Results:

Among head injuries, 27 of 30 (90%) occurred in players younger than 20 years of age. The relationship between age, mechanism, and location of injury was more relevant when players younger than 20 years incurred head injury while being thrown ( P = .0026). Among neck injuries, 13 of 19 (68%) occurred in players with more than 36 months of experience. The relationship between experience, mechanism, and location of injury was more relevant when experienced players incurred neck injury while executing an offensive maneuver ( P = .0294). Acute subdural hematoma was diagnosed in 94% of head injuries. The outcomes of head injury were as follows: 15 players died; 5 were in a persistent vegetative state; 6 required assistance because of higher brain dysfunction, hemiplegia, or aphasia; and 4 had full recovery. Among neck injuries, 18 players were diagnosed with cervical spine injury, 11 of whom had fracture-dislocation of the cervical vertebra; there was also 1 case of atlantoaxial subluxation. The outcomes of neck injury were as follows: 7 players had complete paralysis, 7 had incomplete paralysis, and 5 had full recovery.

Conclusion:

Neck injuries were associated with having more experience and executing offensive maneuvers, whereas head injuries were associated with age younger than 20 years and with being thrown.
Pasteurized Human Donor Milk Use among US Level 3 Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: Parker Margaret G. K. , Barrero-Castillero Alejandra , Corwin Brian K. , Kavanagh Patricia L. , Belfort Mandy B. , Wang C. Jason
Published: June 2013

Background:

Pasteurized human donor milk (DM) is recommended by the World Health Organization and American Academy of Pediatrics for preterm infants when mother’s own milk is unavailable, yet the extent and predictors of use and criteria for use in US neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are unknown.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate current DM use in US level 3 NICUs and predictors and criteria of use.

Methods:

We sent mail surveys to 302 US level 3 NICU directors. We used multivariable logistic regression to analyze predictors of DM use.

Results:

Survey response rate was 60%, and 76 of 182 (42%) directors reported DM use. Among DM users, 30% have used DM < 2 years and 55% for 2 to 5 years. Among nonusers, 63% were uncertain of turnaround time when ordering DM, 36% were unclear what guidelines milk banks followed, and 31% were unsure of parent receptiveness. In multivariate analyses, > 800 annual admissions (odds ratio [OR], 4.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-11.82; reference ≤ 400 admissions) and location in the Midwest (OR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.17-7.76) and West (OR, 6.33; 95% CI, 2.28-15.57; reference Northeast) were positively associated with DM use; safety-net hospitals (> 75% Medicaid insurance) were negatively associated (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14-0.89).

Conclusion:

Pasteurized human donor milk use is rapidly emerging among US level 3 NICUs. Larger NICUs and those in the West and Midwest were more likely to use DM, while safety-net hospitals were less likely to use DM. Lack of knowledge by medical directors of accessibility, safety, and parental receptiveness may be barriers to DM use.
Testing Rubin’s Model 25 Years Later
Authors: Stokan Eric
Published: June 2013

Rubin sounded an alarm indicating that economic development practitioners were less than strategic in their economic development incentive adoption when he declared that developers “shoot anything that flies, claim anything that falls.” This article builds on the work of those who have focused on the determinants of incentive adoption in three ways. First, relying on matched cases of survey respondents to the 1999 and 2004 International City/County Management Association Economic Development Survey improves on using a single survey. Second, unlike previous efforts that relied mostly on ordinary least squares estimators to predict the total number of approaches adopted, this article uses a count model and distinguishes between types of approaches. Finally, this article accounts for city- and state-level impacts. This article finds that economic development decision making is strategic, partly determined by state-level effects, and is dependent on the types of economic development practices.
Who Tweets About Politics?
Authors: Bekafigo Marija Anna , McBride Allan
Published: June 2013

Twitter has been lauded for its potential political value by academics, journalists, and politicians; yet, we know little about the citizenry’s use of Twitter to engage in politics. Under the backdrop of the 2011 gubernatorial elections, we observed Twitter users’ direct engagement in the electoral process by collecting usernames and tweets of anyone who mentioned a candidate. After the elections were called, we employed an original survey via Twitter of these political tweeters to answer the question, who tweets about politics? Unsurprisingly, the results of our logit analysis demonstrate that strong partisans and those exhibiting high levels of traditional political participation activity tweet about politics most often which supports those who argue that we can expect to find the same political activists online as offline. However, we also find evidence that racial minorities and secularists are engaged in the electoral conversation on Twitter suggesting that some marginalized groups may have found a political outlet.
Dose-Related Paresthesias With Venlafaxine
Authors: Angelo Louise J. , Lee Kelly C.
Published: June 2013

Introduction:

Venlafaxine is a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that is used for mood, anxiety, and pain disorders. We report a case of dose-related paresthesias in association with venlafaxine use in a patient with major depressive disorder. Case report: A young male patient with major depression started treatment with venlafaxine XR at 37.5 mg/d, and the dose was titrated to 75 mg/d with no significant adverse effects. Upon increasing the dose to 150 mg/d, the patient reported tingling, numbness, and itching in his upper extremities. The dose was reduced to 75 mg/d, at which time, the symptoms disappeared. Since the patient still had target symptoms of depression, the patient was willing to try increasing the dose back to 150 mg/d. Upon rechallenge, the tingling, numbness, and itching reappeared. The dose of venlafaxine was decreased back to 75 mg/d. Per the Naranjo scale, the probability score for the above adverse drug reaction is 5 (probable). We discuss the published evidence of paresthesias associated with antidepressants and clinical implications for recognizing paresthesias during venlafaxine treatment that may be useful for clinicians.

Conclusion:

Clinicians need to be aware of the possible emergence of paresthesias with venlafaxine treatment, especially at doses of ≥150 mg/day. Patients who receive venlafaxine for pain disorders should be closely monitored for worsening of pain symptoms and may require adjustment of their doses.
Methadone Maintenance Treatment Versus Methadone Maintenance Treatment Plus Auricular Acupuncture
Authors: Lua Pei Lin , Talib Nor Samira , Ismail Zabidah
Published: June 2013

This study intended to (1) describe the baseline patient satisfaction level and preferred coping strategies and (2) assess patient satisfaction and coping mechanisms pre- and postintervention. Patients on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in Terengganu, Malaysia, were randomized into either MMT or MMT plus auricular acupuncture (MMT + AA) groups. All received the standard MMT, while participants on MMT + AA underwent concurrent AA session thrice weekly for 2 months (each session = 30 minutes). Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 16.0, employing descriptive and nonparametric statistics. Participations were received from 97 eligible male patients (median age = 36.0 years; Malay = 97.9%). After screening for dropouts, only 69 patients were considered for subsequent analysis (MMT = 40; MMT + AA = 29). At preintervention, both groups did not differ significantly in the parameters investigated. During postintervention, no significant difference was detected for satisfaction level but coping-wise, substance use was significantly and frequently adopted by MMT + AA patients compared to MMT respondents ( P < .05). On separate analysis, those who received MMT alone adopted active coping, venting, and self-blame significantly more frequently postintervention ( P < .05). Nevertheless, no significant difference for coping styles of MMT + AA patients was exhibited over time ( P >.05). The addition of AA therapy into the standard MMT treatment did not seem to influence patient satisfaction and their coping ways.
Connecting the Dots
Authors: Milne Jennifer L. , Chapman Craig S. , Gallivan Jason P. , Wood Daniel K. , Culham Jody C. , Goodale Melvyn A.
Published: June 2013

The perceptual system parses complex scenes into discrete objects. Parsing is also required for planning visually guided movements when more than one potential target is present. To examine whether visual perception and motor planning use the same or different parsing strategies, we used the connectedness illusion, in which observers typically report seeing fewer targets if pairs of targets are connected by short lines. We found that despite this illusion, when observers are asked to make speeded reaches toward targets in such displays, their reaches are unaffected by the presence of the connecting lines. Instead, their movement plans, as revealed by their movement trajectories, are influenced by the number of potential targets irrespective of whether connecting lines are present or not. This suggests that scene parsing for perception depends on mechanisms that are distinct from those that allow observers to plan rapid and efficient target-directed movements in situations with multiple potential targets.
Social Determinants and Heat Shock Protein-70 Among African American and Non-Hispanic White Women With Atherosclerosis
Authors: Saban Karen L. , Hoppensteadt Debra , Bryant Fred B. , DeVon Holli A.
Published: June 2013

African American (AA) women are nearly twice as likely as non-Hispanic White (NHW) women to develop atherosclerosis associated with cardiovascular disease. Compelling evidence demonstrates that stress-related biomarkers, such as heat shock protein-70 (HSP70), are associated with increased atherosclerosis risk. Yet little is known about how social factors such as perceived discrimination, subjective social status, and socioeconomic status contribute to the levels of these biomarkers in women with atherosclerosis. The aims of this pilot study were to (1) describe perceived everyday discrimination, subjective social status, perceived stress, and HSP70 level in AA and NHW women diagnosed with coronary or carotid artery disease requiring intervention and (2) determine the extent to which perceived discrimination, subjective social status, and perceived stress are associated with HSP70 level, controlling for age, education, and race. The sample for this cross-sectional, descriptive pilot study consisted of 10 AA and 21 NHW women admitted to the hospital for elective percutaneous cardiac intervention or carotid endarterectomy. Participants completed questionnaires measuring psychosocial variables and provided blood samples for analysis of HSP70. Race, age, education, perceived stress, perceived discrimination, and subjective social status significantly ( p = .022) explained 34% of the variance in HSP70 levels. However, only subjective social status ( p = .031) and AA race ( p = .031) were significant independent predictors of HSP70 levels, with lower subjective social status and AA race associated with higher HSP70. Although larger studies are needed to confirm these results, findings imply that race and subjective social status may play an important role in predicting stress biomarker levels.
Brother’s keeper? Siblingship, overseas migration, and centripetal ethnography in a Philippine village
Authors: Aguilar Filomeno V
Published: June 2013

The Western optic of ‘nuclear family’, which is devoid of the individual’s embeddedness in the larger kin group, fails to explain the commitment of overseas Filipino migrants to the ‘extended family’. Yet, it underpins much of the qualitative field methods today. To explain interdependencies as well as tensions within kin groups, this article proposes a shift in theoretical ground from a ‘sociology of the family’ to ‘cultures of relatedness’. To understand migrants’ culture in the destination also necessitates that culture in the origin be given primacy, in a methodological shift referred to as ‘centripetal ethnography’. This dual and conjoined shift in perspective and method is applied in studying Paraiso, a rural-upland village in the Philippines, where overseas migration commenced in the 1970s. The interplay of autonomy and solidarity in siblingship is illumined by focusing on the house as practised in the village and, moving outward, in the overseas context.
Wound Fluid in Diabetic Foot Ulceration
Authors: Löffler Markus W. , Schuster Heiko , Bühler Sarah , Beckert Stefan
Published: June 2013

Valid and reproducible sampling techniques as well as processing protocols are required for the assessment of biomarkers and mediators contained in wound exudate. Moreover, the ideal technique should be easy to use even in daily clinical routine. This is challenging since wound fluid represents an inhomogeneous mixture of different exogenous and endogenous sources. Analyzing wound fluid, however, may facilitate clinical decision making. Many techniques for obtaining wound fluid have been described. There is very little validation data, and the array of different techniques appears confusing. Structuring and new standards are needed to avoid wound fluid sampling yielding an “undefined soup.” A lot of wound fluid parameters have been analyzed, although none of them have made its way into clinical practice. Nevertheless, basic principles of wound healing have been established from wound fluid analysis. With adequate techniques suitable for daily practice, basic research might foster our clinical understanding of wound healing with implications for new therapies. So far, research has mainly concentrated on analyzing available sample material with respect to either a wide variety of analytes or comparing acute with chronic wound exudate. Clinical endpoints such as healing or wound infection as well as longitudinal data may indeed be more valuable for clinical practice, enabling the discovery of meaningful biomarkers using a suitable technique.
Rutin suppresses atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Choi Jin Kyeong , Kim Sang-Hyun
Published: June 2013

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common allergic inflammatory skin disease caused by a combination of eczematous, scratching, pruritus and cutaneous sensitization with allergens. The aim of our study was to examine whether rutin, a predominant flavonoid having anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potential, modulates AD and ACD symptoms. We established an atopic dermatitis model in BALB/c mice by repeated local exposure of house dust mite ( Dermatophagoides farinae) extract (DFE) and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to the ears. In addition, 2,4-dinitroflourobenzene-sensitized a local lymph node assay was used for the ACD model. Repeated alternative treatment of DFE/DNCB caused AD symptoms. Topical application of rutin reduced AD based on ear thickness and histopathological analysis, in addition to serum IgE levels. Rutin inhibited mast cell infiltration into the ear and serum histamine level. Rutin suppressed DFE/DNCB-induced expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-31, IL-32 and interferon (INF)- γ in the tissue. In addition, rutin suppressed ACD based on ear thickness and lymphocyte proliferation, serum IgG2a levels, and expression of INF- γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17 and tumour necrosis factor- α in ACD ears. This study demonstrates that rutin inhibits AD and ACD, suggesting that rutin might be a candidate for the treatment of allergic skin diseases.
The need for learning arenas: Non-Indigenous teachers working in Indigenous school contexts
Authors: Parding Karolina
Published: June 2013

Work contexts shape conditions for work. Teachers working in Indigenous school contexts face conditions different from teachers working in mainstream schools. Challenging working conditions for these teachers result in high teacher turnover, making it even more difficult for already disadvantaged students to progress. From a social justice perspective, this disruption in learning requires looking at the working conditions for teachers in Indigenous school contexts. Using interviews, this article examines how non-Indigenous teachers working in Indigenous school contexts in Australia experience their working conditions. The interviews reveal ‘learning gaps’ that seem to be associated with their lack of opportunities to develop context-specific professional knowledge.
Using disability models to rethink bullying in schools
Authors: Duncan Neil
Published: June 2013

Much research on bullying in schools positions individual children within a deficit model of personal variables, categorising and cataloguing them with high levels of aggressiveness, low levels of empathy and so on. While less than optimal school characteristics are sometimes noted, the expectation for change is on the children. This article proposes a reconsideration of ‘the school’ as an unproblematically benign institution inimical to bullying and reframes it as a social system in which current arrangements are conducive to peer aggression. Using theoretical constructs drawn from outside the usual field of bullying, it critically examines some taken-for-granted features of schooling in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. The medical and social models of disability are deployed to illuminate the philosophical differences between psychological and sociological paradigms in bullying research, to call for more research on bullying that critiques political and systemic factors in education rather than ever more funding that frames children as psychological deviants.
Religiosity, Political Orientation, and Consequentialist Moral Thinking
Authors: Piazza Jared , Sousa Paulo
Published: June 2013

Three studies demonstrated that the moral judgments of religious individuals and political conservatives are highly insensitive to consequentialist (i.e., outcome-based) considerations. In Study 1, both religiosity and political conservatism predicted a resistance toward consequentialist thinking concerning a range of transgressive acts, independent of other relevant dispositional factors (e.g., disgust sensitivity). Study 2 ruled out differences in welfare sensitivity as an explanation for these findings. In Study 3, religiosity and political conservatism predicted a commitment to judging “harmless” taboo violations morally impermissible, rather than discretionary, despite the lack of negative consequences rising from the act. Furthermore, non-consequentialist thinking style was shown to mediate the relationship religiosity/conservatism had with impermissibility judgments, while intuitive thinking style did not. These data provide further evidence for the influence of religious and political commitments in motivating divergent moral judgments, while highlighting a new dispositional factor, non-consequentialist thinking style, as a mediator of these effects.
Effects of sustained hypoxia on sternohyoid and diaphragm muscle during development
Authors: Carberry Jayne C. , McMorrow Clodagh , Bradford Aidan , Jones James F.X. , O’Halloran Ken D.
Published: June 2013

Sustained hypoxia is a dominant feature of respiratory disease. Despite the clinical significance, the effects of sustained hypoxia on the form and function of respiratory muscle during development are relatively underexplored.

Wistar rats were exposed to 1 week of sustained hypoxia (ambient pressure 450 mmHg) or normoxia at various time points during development. Sternohyoid and diaphragm muscle contractile and endurance properties were assessedin vitro. Muscle succinate dehydrogenase and myosin heavy chain composition were determined. The role of reactive oxygen species in hypoxia-induced muscle remodelling was assessed.

Sustained hypoxia increased sternohyoid muscle force and fatigue in early but not late development, effects that persisted after return to normoxia. Hypoxia-induced sternohyoid muscle fatigue was not attributable to fibre type transitions or to a decrease in oxidative capacity. Chronic supplementation with the superoxide scavenger tempol did not prevent hypoxia-induced sternohyoid muscle fatigue, suggesting that mechanisms unrelated to oxidative stress underpin hypoxia-induced maladaptation in sternohyoid muscle. Sustained hypoxia had no effect on diaphragm muscle fatigue.

We conclude that there are critical windows during development for hypoxia-induced airway dilator muscle maladaptation. Sustained hypoxia-induced impairment of upper airway muscle endurance may persist into later life. Upper airway muscle dysfunction could have deleterious consequences for the control of pharyngeal airway calibrein vivo.