bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between sleep duration and hypertension in northeast China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Meng , Yan Shoumeng , Jiang Shan , Ma Xiaoyu , Gao Tianyu , Li Bo
Published: January 2019

Objectives

Previous studies have reported that sleep duration might increase the risk of hypertension. However, the results have been conflicting. We investigated whether sleep duration is independently associated with hypertension. We aimed to assess the relationship between sleep duration and hypertension in a population-based cross-sectional study.

Methods

In this study we used multistage stratified cluster sampling. A total of 19 407 adults aged 18–79 years were enrolled in the study. The participants were divided into three groups (<7 hours/day, 7–8 hours/day and >8 hours/day) according to self-reported sleep duration. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or the use of anti-hypertensive medications. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to determine the association between hypertension and sleep duration adjusted for sociodemographic, body mass index, and lifestyle covariates.

Results

The overall prevalence of hypertension was 32.6%. Among participants aged 18–44 years, individuals sleeping less than 7 hours per day had a higher risk of hypertension (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.46), compared with those who slept 7–8 hours per day. There were no significant associations between sleep duration and hypertension in the total sample, among middle-aged adults (45–59 years) or older adults (60–79 years).

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that short sleep duration was significantly associated with hypertension among people aged 18–44 years in northeast China.
Quality of resistance training description in COPD trials: study protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Westra Bennie , de Wolf Sander , bij de Vaate Eline , Legemaat Monique , Nyberg André , Klijn Peter
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Limb muscle dysfunction is a common manifestation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Optimising of limb muscle function is therefore an important goal during pulmonary rehabilitation of patients with COPD. Resistance training (RT) is the best available intervention to achieve this goal. Previous systematic reviews on RT primarily focused on methodological quality. However, the intervention holds the essence of each experimental study. Replication of RT interventions requires clear, complete and accessible reporting of the essential components. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) provides evidence-based guidelines for RT prescription and recommends RT models specific to desired outcomes, that is, improvements in strength, muscular hypertrophy, power or local muscle endurance. The aim of this review is to investigate if the application of the RT principles and key training variables is described sufficiently in current evidence on the effects of RT interventions in patients with COPD.

Methods and analysis

Any research study (randomised, non-randomised controlled, controlled pre–post studies and observational studies) with an RT intervention in patients with COPD will be considered for this systematic review. Potentially relevant studies published in English from inception to 1 October 2017 will be identified from Embase, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Studies exploring the effects of RT following a single session and RT interventions limited to other respiratory chronic diseases will not be included. Additionally, studies including non-COPD participants will be excluded, if the COPD data are not separated. Pairs of reviewers will independently extract data using data collecting sheets. Quality appraisal of RT description will be performed in timeframes according to the latest published ACSM position statement on exercise or RT.

Ethics and dissemination

This protocol is a systematic review and therefore ethical approval is not required. The results of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and presented at scientific conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42017067403.
Potentially avoidable hospitalisations of German nursing home patients? A cross-sectional study on utilisation patterns and potential consequences for healthcare
Authors: Leutgeb Rüdiger , Berger Sarah Jane , Szecsenyi Joachim , Laux Gunter
Published: January 2019

Objectives

Demand for nursing home (NH) care is soaring due to gains in life expectancy and people living longer with chronic illness and disability. This is dovetailing with workforce shortages across the healthcare profession. Access to timely and appropriate medical care for NH residents is becoming increasingly challenging and can result in potentially avoidable hospitalisations (PAHs). In light of these factors, we analysed PAHs comparing NH patients with non-NH patients.

Design

Cross-sectional study with claims data from 2015 supplied by a large German health insurance company within the federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg.

Setting

One-year observation of hospitalisation patterns for NH and non-NH patients.

Participants

3 872 245 of the 10.5million inhabitants of Baden-Wuerttemberg were covered.

Methods

Patient data about hospitalisation date, sex, age, nationality, level of care and diagnoses were available. PAHs were defined based on international classification of diseases (ICD-10) diagnoses belonging to ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs). Adjusted ORs for PAHs for NH patients in comparison with non-NH patients were calculated with multivariable regression models.

Results

Of the 933 242 hospitalisations in 2015, there were 23 982 for 13 478 NH patients and 909 260 for 560 998 non-NH patients. Mean age of hospitalised NH patients and level of care were significantly higher than those of non-NH patients. 6449 PAHs (29.6%) for NH patients and 136 543 PAHs (15.02%) for non-NH patients were identified. The adjusted OR for PAHs was significantly heightened for NH patients in comparison with non-NH patients (OR: 1.22, CI (1.18 to 1.26), p<0.0001). Moreover, we could observe that more than 90% of PAHs with ACSCs were unplanned hospitalisations (UHs).

Conclusions

Large numbers of PAHs for NH patients calls for improved coordination of medical care, especially general practitioner service provision. Introduction of targeted training programmes for physicians and NH staff on health problem management for NH patients could perhaps contribute to reduction of PAHs, predominantly UHs.
Transarticular tibiotalocalcaneal nailing versus open reduction and internal fixation for treatment of the elderly ankle fracture: protocol for a multicentre, prospective, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tuckett Paul , Hope Matthew , Tetsworth Kevin , Van De Pol Jerry , McDougall Catherine
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Ankle fractures are common in the elderly population. Surgical fixation is technically challenging and often results in complications due to high rates of osteoporosis and vascular disease. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) often requires prolonged periods of non-weight bearing increasing the risks of complications. Tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) nailing has been suggested as an alternative to ORIF which allows immediate weight bearing, and is suggested to result in fewer complications. This study aims to compare the two surgical techniques in the elderly population with ankle fractures.

Methods and analysis

The study will be a multicentre, prospective, randomised controlled trial comparing ORIF to TTC nailing in 110 patients with ankle fractures aged 50 or above with a Charlson Comorbidity Index of greater than or equal to four. Participants and assessors will not be blinded to intervention. The primary outcome measure will be overall complication rate. Secondary outcomes include length of hospital stay, mobility at discharge, discharge destination, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot score, the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score, mortality rate, rate of secondary surgical interventions and number of blood transfusions required postoperatively. Our null hypothesis is that there is no clinically significant difference in the primary outcome measure between the two treatment groups.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by Metro South Hospital and Health Services Human Research Ethics Committee (EC00167) (reference number HREC/17/QPAH/351).

Discussion

Completion of this trial will provide evidence on the effectiveness of TTC nailing versus ORIF in treatment of the elderly ankle fracture. If TTC nailing is found to result in superior outcomes, this trial has the capacity to change current clinical practice.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12617001588381;Pre-results andU1111-1203-1704.
Delayed antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections: protocol of an individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Stuart Beth , Hounkpatin Hilda , Becque Taeko , Yao Guiqing , Zhu Shihua , Alonso-Coello Pablo , Altiner Attila , Arroll Bruce , Böhning Dankmar , Bostock Jennifer , Bucher Heiner C C , de la Poza Mariam , Francis Nick A , Gillespie David , Hay Alastair D , Kenealy Timothy , Löffler Christin , Mas-Dalmau Gemma , Muñoz Laura , Samuel Kirsty , Moore Michael , Little Paul
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Delayed prescribing can be a useful strategy to reduce antibiotic prescribing, but it is not clear for whom delayed prescribing might be effective. This protocol outlines an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational cohort studies to explore the overall effect of delayed prescribing and identify key patient characteristics that are associated with efficacy of delayed prescribing.

Methods and analysis

A systematic search of the databases Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, EBSCO CINAHL Plus and Web of Science was conducted to identify relevant studies from inception to October 2017. Outcomes of interest include duration of illness, severity of illness, complication, reconsultation and patient satisfaction. Study authors of eligible papers will be contacted and invited to contribute raw IPD data. IPD data will be checked against published data, harmonised and aggregated to create one large IPD database. Multilevel regression will be performed to explore interaction effects between treatment allocation and patient characteristics. The economic evaluation will be conducted based on IPD from the combined trial and observational studies to estimate the differences in costs and effectiveness for delayed prescribing compared with normal practice. A decision model will be developed to assess potential savings and cost-effectiveness in terms of reduced antibiotic usage of delayed prescribing and quality-adjusted life years.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine Research Ethics Committee (Reference number: 30068). Findings of this study will be published in peer-reviewed academic journals as well as General Practice trade journals and will be presented at national and international conferences. The results will have important public health implications, shaping the way in which antibiotics are prescribed in the future and to whom delayed prescriptions are issued.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018079400.
Body size, non-occupational physical activity and the chance of reaching longevity in men and women: findings from the Netherlands Cohort Study
Authors: Brandts Lloyd , van den Brandt Piet A
Published: January 2019

Introduction

The rising number of obese and/or physically inactive individuals might negatively impact human lifespan. This study assessed the association between height, body mass index (BMI) and non-occupational physical activity and the likelihood of reaching 90 years of age, in both sexes separately.

Methods

Analyses were conducted using data from the Netherlands Cohort Study. Participants born in 1916–1917 (n=7807) completed a questionnaire in 1986 (at age 68–70 years) and were followed up for vital status information until the age of 90 years (2006–2007). Cox regression analyses were based on 5479 participants with complete data to calculate risk ratios (RRs) of reaching longevity (age 90 years).

Results

In women, we observed significant associations between reaching longevity and height (RR: 1.05 per 5 cm increment; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.09), BMI at baseline (≥30vs18.5–<25 kg/m2; RR: 0.68; 95% CI 0.54 to 0.86) and BMI change since age 20 years (≥8vs0–<4 kg/m2; RR: 0.81; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.98). In men, height and BMI were not associated with reaching longevity. In women, non-occupational physical activity showed an inverse U-shaped association with reaching longevity, with the highest RR around 60 min of physical activity per day. In men, a positive linear association was observed between physical activity and reaching longevity.

Conclusion

This study indicates that body size and physical activity are related to the likelihood of reaching 90 years of age and that these associations differ by sex.
Quantification of hemodynamic irregularity using oscillatory velocity index in the associations with the rupture status of cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Tanioka Satoru , Ishida Fujimaro , Kishimoto Tomoyuki , Tsuji Masanori , Tanaka Katsuhiro , Shimosaka Shinichi , Toyoda Mitsuru , Kashiwagi Nobuhisa , Sano Takanori , Suzuki Hidenori
Published: January 2019

Background

Complex and unstable flow patterns are reported to be associated with the rupture status of cerebral aneurysms, while their evaluation depends on qualitative analysis of streamlines of bloodflow. Oscillatory velocity index (OVI) is a hemodynamic parameter to quantify flow patterns. The aim of this study is to elucidate the associations between OVI and the rupture status of cerebral aneurysms.

Methods

One hundred and twenty-nine ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysms were analyzed with computational fluid dynamics under pulsatile flow conditions. With the use of median value of OVI, all aneurysms were divided into high and low OVI groups. Statistical analysis was performed to compare rupture status, and morphological and hemodynamic parameters between the two groups.

Results

The median value of OVI was 0.006. High OVI was more likely observed in ruptured aneurysms (P=0.028) and associated with irregular shape, complex flow patterns, and unstable flow patterns (P<0.001, respectively). In morphological parameters, maximum size, aspect, projection, size, and volume-to-ostium area ratios were significantly higher in the high OVI group (P<0.001, respectively). In hemodynamic parameters, wall shear stress and wall shear stress gradient were significantly lower, and oscillatory shear index and gradient oscillatory number were significantly higher in the high OVI group (P<0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

High OVI was associated with rupture status, and morphological and hemodynamic characteristics of ruptured aneurysms. These results indicate that OVI may serve as a valuable hemodynamic parameter for diagnosing rupture status and risks of aneurysms.
Evaluation and enumeration of online test providers for sexually transmitted infections, specifically chlamydia, in the Netherlands
Authors: den Daas Chantal , Sukel Bob , Bos Hanna , van den Broek Ingrid
Published: January 2019

Objectives

Online testing for STIs might complement regular care provided by general practitioners or STI clinics. Two types of online testing can be distinguished, self-testing and self-sampling (sending sample to a laboratory for diagnosis). Online testing can occur without consultation with a healthcare professional, therefore information given by providers is essential for informed decision-making. We aimed to enumerate online test providers in the Netherlands focusing on chlamydia tests, to evaluate information using quality indicators and to gain insight on the proportion of online testing in the STI testing arena.

Methods

We performed a systematic internet search to identify online STI test providers. Twenty quality indicators were evaluated on their websites; indicator scores were weighted by level of importance (expert opinion). High scoring providers were recommended, on the condition that the sensitivity and specificity of the test were above 95% and providers included a follow-up procedure in case of a positive result. Finally, providers were contacted to inquire about the number of sold tests, positivity rates and demographic characteristics of testers.

Results

Five out of 12 identified self-sample test providers could be recommended, versus zero out of eight self-test providers. Self-sample test providers gave complete and correct information on more indicators (67%) compared with self-test providers (38%). In 2015, an estimated 30 000–40 000 self-sample tests were purchased, and 12 000–25 000 self-tests, which is roughly 10%–15% of the total number of STI tests.

Conclusion

This evaluation shows that some online self-sample test providers could be put forward as way of STI testing complementing regular testing options. None of the self-test providers were recommended. Regularly evaluating online test providers is advised to improve quality of the information on the websites. Finally, self-testing might not be suited for all populations as most information is provided in written format only.
A systematic analysis of perturbations for hexagonal mixing matrix
Authors: Garg Sumit K.
Published: January 2019

We present a systematic analysis of perturbative Hexagonal (HG) mixing for describing recent global fit neutrino mixing data with normal and inverted hierarchy. The corrections to unperturbed mixing are parametrized in terms of small orthogonal rotations [Formula: see text] with modified PMNS matrix of the forms [Formula: see text]. Here, [Formula: see text] is rotation in [Formula: see text] sector and [Formula: see text] is unperturbed Hexagonal mixing matrix. The detailed numerical investigation of all possible cases is performed with scanning of parameter space using [Formula: see text] approach. We found that the perturbative schemes governed by single rotation are unable to fit the mixing angle data even at [Formula: see text] level. The mixing schemes which involve two rotation matrices only [Formula: see text] are successful in fitting all neutrino mixing angles within [Formula: see text] range for normal hierarchy (NH). However for inverted hierarchy (IH), only [Formula: see text] is most preferable as it can fit all mixing angles at [Formula: see text] level. The remaining perturbative cases are either excluded at [Formula: see text] level or successful in producing mixing angles only at [Formula: see text] level. To study the impact of phase parameter, we also looked into CP violating effects for single rotation case. The predicted value of [Formula: see text] lies in the range [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] case with normal (inverted) hierarchy.
The mass ratios parametrization
Authors: Saldana-Salazar U. J. , Tame-Narvaez K. M.
Published: January 2019

The observed hierarchy in the fermion masses, which imply a set of small mass ratios, is not naturally small regarding ’t Hooft’s criteria. In this work, in a model independent approach, we introduce a set of conditions by which fermion mass ratios become natural. Interestingly, these conditions demand that fermion mixing should be described by the four independent mass ratios of each fermion sector. Application of this set of conditions to the standard theory enables one to understand the mains aspects in quark and lepton mixing. This feature can be taken as a strong evidence for the existence in Nature of a flavor symmetry. Also, for this analysis to work in the lepton sector, neutrino masses should have normal ordering with the lightest neutrino mass satisfying the lower bound, [Formula: see text], making the approach testable.
Physical properties of ThCr2Si2-type Rh-based compounds ARh2Ge2(A = Ca, Sr, Y and Ba): DFT based first-principles investigation
Authors: Salma M. U. , Rahman Md. Atikur
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we have explored the physical, mechanical, chemical bonding, dialectical and thermodynamic properties of ARh2Ge2 (A = Ca, Sr, Y and Ba) theoretically for the first time. This investigation has been completed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations with the help of CASTEP code. The structural optimized factors of ARh2Ge2 (A = Ca, Sr, Y and Ba) are in excellent concurrence with the existing experimental data. The observed elastic constants are positive and prove the mechanical constancy for all these compounds. The calculated Pugh’s ratio and Poisson’s ratio show the ductile behaviors of Ca/YRh2Ge2 and brittleness behaviors of Sr/BaRh2Ge2, whereas the Cauchy pressure indicates the ductility for all these phases. The anisotropic factors, universal anisotropy indicator and fraction of anisotropy in compression and shear ensure the elastically anisotropic nature for all these phases. Bulk modulus and hardness values indicate that Sr/BaRh2Ge2 are soft and easily machinable in comparison with Y/CaRh2Ge2. The analysis of the band structure diagrams as well as density of states (total density of states and partial density of states) evidence the metallic behavior for all the compounds. The analysis of Mulliken bond populations and charge density maps give the existence of covalent and metallic bonding in these compounds. The optical properties point out that all phases can be used as coating materials at low energies. For all the phases the Debye temperatures have been calculated via elastic constant data. We have also evaluated the minimum thermal conductivity for these compounds. All compounds possess the relatively low minimum thermal conductivity with the low value of Debye temperatures which also evidence that all compounds could be applied like thermal fence covering material.
Descriptive Image Analysis. Foundations and Descriptive Image Algebras
Authors: Gurevich Igor , Yashina Vera
Published: January 2019

The paper is devoted to Descriptive Image Analysis (DA) — a leading line of the modern mathematical theory of image analysis. DA is a logically organized set of descriptive methods, mathematical objects, and models and representations aimed at analyzing and evaluating the information represented in the form of images, as well as for automating the extraction from images of knowledge and data needed for intelligent decision-making.

The basic idea of DA consists of embedding all processes of analysis (processing, recognition, understanding) of images into an image formalization space and reducing it to (1) construction of models/representations/formalized descriptions of images; (2) construction of models/representations/formalized descriptions of transformations over models and representations of images.

We briefly discuss the basic ideas, methodological principles, mathematical methods, objects, and components of DA and the basic results determining the current state of the art in the field. Image algebras (IA) are considered in the context of a unified language for describing mathematical objects and operations used in image analysis (the standard IA by Ritter and the descriptive IA by Gurevich).
Spider evaluation and representations of web groups
Authors: Frohman Charles
Published: January 2019

The topology of [Formula: see text]-representation varieties of the fundamental groups of planar webs so that the meridians are sent to matrices with trace equal to [Formula: see text] are explored, and compared to data coming from spider evaluation of the webs. Corresponding to an evaluation of a web as a spider is a rooted tree. We associate to each geodesic [Formula: see text] from the root of the tree to the tip of a leaf an irreducible component [Formula: see text] of the representation variety of the web, and a graded subalgebra [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. The spider evaluation of geodesic [Formula: see text] is the symmetrized Poincaré polynomial of [Formula: see text]. The spider evaluation of the web is the sum of the symmetrized Poincaré polynomials of the graded subalgebras associated to all maximal geodesics from the root of the tree to the leaves.
Stabilization of Starobinsky–Vilenkin stochastic inflation by an environmental noise
Authors: Haba Z.
Published: January 2019

We discuss the inflaton [Formula: see text] in an interaction with an infinite number of fields treated as a random environment (noise) with a friction [Formula: see text]. In a Markovian approximation we obtain a stochastic wave equation (appearing also in the warm inflation models). After the replacement of the environment by the white noise, the stochastic wave equation violates the energy conservation if [Formula: see text]. We introduce a dark energy as a compensation of the inflaton energy–momentum. We add to the classical wave equation the Starobinsky–Vilenkin noise which in the slow-roll approximation describes the quantum fluctuations in an expanding metric. We investigate the resulting consistent stochastic Einstein–Klein–Gordon system in the slow-roll regime. We obtain Fokker–Planck equation for the probability distribution of the inflaton assuming that the dependence of the scale factor [Formula: see text] and the Hubble variable [Formula: see text] on the field [Formula: see text] is known. We obtain explicit stationary solutions of the Fokker–Planck equation assuming that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] can approximately be determined in a slow-roll regime with a neglect of noise. We extend the results to the multifield [Formula: see text]-dimensional configuration space. We show that in the regime [Formula: see text] the quantum noise determines the asymptotic behavior of the stationary distribution. If [Formula: see text] stays finite then the environmental noise ensures the integrability of the stationary probability. In such a case there is no need to introduce boundary conditions with the purpose to eliminate infinite inflation. The variation of [Formula: see text] could be interpreted as a sign of a transition from cold inflation to warm inflation.
Matter growth in extended ΛCDM cosmology
Authors: Zimdahl W. , Velten H. E. S. , Algoner W. C.
Published: January 2019

On the basis of a previously established scalar–tensor extension of the [Formula: see text]CDM model, we develop an effective fluid approach for the matter growth function. This extended [Formula: see text]CDM (henceforth [Formula: see text]CDM) cosmology takes into account deviations from the Standard Model both via a modified background expansion and by the inclusion of geometric anisotropic stresses as well as of perturbations of the geometric dark-energy equivalent. The background dynamics is governed by an explicit analytic expression for the Hubble rate in which modifications of the Standard Model are given in terms of a single constant parameter [W. C. Algoner, H. E. S. Velten and W. Zimdahl, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 1611 (2016) 034]. To close the system of fluid-dynamical perturbation equations, we introduce two phenomenological parameters through which the anisotropic stress is related both to the total energy density perturbation of the cosmic substratum and to relative perturbations in the effective two-component system. We quantify the impact of deviations from the standard background, of anisotropic stresses and of nonvanishing perturbations of the effective dark-energy component on the matter growth rate function [Formula: see text] and confront the results with recent redshift-space distortion (RSD) measurements.
NEW MODEL FOR PRICING QUANTO CREDIT DEFAULT SWAPS
Authors: ITKIN A. , SHCHERBAKOV V. , VEYGMAN A.
Published: January 2019

We propose a new model for pricing quanto credit default swaps (CDS) and risky bonds. The model operates with four stochastic factors, namely: the hazard rate, the foreign exchange rate, the domestic interest rate, and the foreign interest rate, and allows for jumps-at-default in both the foreign exchange rate and the foreign interest rate. Corresponding systems of partial differential equations are derived similar to how this is done by Bielecki et al. [PDE approach to valuation and hedging of credit derivatives, Quantitative Finance 5 (3), 257–270]. A localized version of the Radial Basis Function partition of unity method is used to solve these four-dimensional equations. The results of our numerical experiments qualitatively explain the discrepancies observed in the marked values of CDS spreads traded in domestic and foreign economies.
SET-VALUED LAW INVARIANT COHERENT AND CONVEX RISK MEASURES
Authors: CHEN YANHONG , HU YIJUN
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we investigate representation results for set-valued law invariant coherent and convex risk measures, which can be considered as a set-valued extension of the multivariate scalar law invariant coherent and convex risk measures studied in the literature. We further introduce a new class of set-valued risk measures, named set-valued distortion risk measures, which can be considered as a set-valued version of multivariate scalar distortion risk measures introduced in the literature. The relationship between set-valued distortion risk measures and set-valued weighted value at risk is also given.
Simple current extensions beyond semi-simplicity
Authors: Creutzig Thomas , Kanade Shashank , Linshaw Andrew R.
Published: January 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be a simple vertex operator algebra (VOA) and consider a representation category of [Formula: see text] that is a vertex tensor category in the sense of Huang–Lepowsky. In particular, this category is a braided tensor category. Let [Formula: see text] be an object in this category that is a simple current of order two of either integer or half-integer conformal dimension. We prove that [Formula: see text] is either a VOA or a super VOA. If the representation category of [Formula: see text] is in addition ribbon, then the categorical dimension of [Formula: see text] decides this parity question. Combining with Carnahan’s work, we extend this result to simple currents of arbitrary order. Our next result is a simple sufficient criterion for lifting indecomposable objects that only depends on conformal dimensions. Several examples of simple current extensions that are [Formula: see text]-cofinite and non-rational are then given and induced modules listed.
Commutators with fractional differentiation for second-order elliptic operators on ℝn
Authors: Chen Yanping , Deng Qingquan , Ding Yong
Published: January 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be a second-order divergence form elliptic operator and [Formula: see text] an accretive, [Formula: see text] matrix with bounded measurable complex coefficients in [Formula: see text] In this paper, we establish [Formula: see text] theory for the commutators generated by the fractional differential operators related to [Formula: see text] and bounded mean oscillation (BMO)–Sobolev functions.
Geometry of multilinear forms
Authors: Cavalcante W. V. , Pellegrino D. M. , Teixeira E. V.
Published: January 2019

We develop a constructive process which determines all extreme points of the unit ball in the space of [Formula: see text]-linear forms, [Formula: see text] Our method provides a full characterization of the geometry of that space through finitely many elementary steps, and thus it can be extensively applied in both computational as well as theoretical problems; few consequences are also derived in this paper.
Invariance of Gibbs measures under the flows of Hamiltonian equations on the real line
Authors: Cacciafesta Federico , de Suzzoni Anne-Sophie
Published: January 2019

We prove that the Gibbs measures [Formula: see text] for a class of Hamiltonian equations written as [Formula: see text] on the real line are invariant under the flow of [Formula: see text] in the sense that there exist random variables [Formula: see text] whose laws are [Formula: see text] (thus independent from [Formula: see text]) and such that [Formula: see text] is a solution to [Formula: see text]. Besides, for all [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is almost surely not in [Formula: see text] which provides as a direct consequence the existence of global weak solutions for initial data not in [Formula: see text]. The proof uses Prokhorov’s theorem, Skorohod’s theorem, as in the strategy in [N. Burq, L. Thomann and N. Tzvetkov, Remarks on the Gibbs measures for nonlinear dispersive equations, preprint (2014); arXiv:1412.7499v1 [math.AP]] and Feynman–Kac’s integrals.
Delay-Dependent Stability Analysis of Network-Based Load Frequency Control of One and Two Area Power System with Time-Varying Delays
Authors: Manikandan S. , Kokil Priyanka
Published: January 2019

Network-based load frequency control (LFC) requires data transmission from the plant site to the control center and control center to the plant site. Communication delays resulting from an open communication network impart time-varying nature to network delay. This time-varying delay may debase the dynamic performance or instability of the LFC systems. Stability of the LFC system is investigated by Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) analysis and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) techniques. In this paper, a less conservative delay-dependent stability criterion is derived for the time-delay system by proper constructing of LKF and imposing tighter bounding of integral terms on time-derivative of LKF. Delay margin is obtained by solving proposed stability criterion for a time-delay LFC system equipped with a proportional-integral controller. The adequacy of the proposed result is confirmed using simulation studies.
Cohomology of 𝔞𝔣𝔣(1|1) acting on the space of n-ary linear differential operators on S1|1
Authors: Ammar Mabrouk Ben , Boujelben Maha , Jabeur Amina , Sidaoui Rabeb
Published: January 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be the space of [Formula: see text]-densities over [Formula: see text], we compute the space [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the space of [Formula: see text]-ary linear differential operators from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. We also compute the simplest super analog spaces [Formula: see text].
Visualisation and Modelling of High-Dimensional Cancerous Gene Expression Dataset
Authors: Bhola Abhishek , Singh Shailendra
Published: January 2019

The increase in the number of dimensions of cancerous gene expression dataset causes an increase in complexity, misinterpretation and decrease in the visualisation of the particular dataset for further analysis. Therefore, dimensionality reduction, visualisation and modelling tasks of these dataset become challenging. In this paper, a framework is developed which helps to understand, visualise and model high-dimensional cancerous gene expression dataset into lower dimensions which may be helpful in revealing cancer mechanism and diagnosis. Initially, cancerous gene expression datasets are preprocessed to make them complete, precise and efficient; and principal component analysis is applied for dimensionality reduction and visualisation purpose. The regression is used to model the cancerous gene expression dataset so that type of association (linear or nonlinear) and directions between gene profiles may be estimated. To assess the performance of the developed framework, three different types of cancerous gene expression datasets are taken namely: breast (GEO Acc. No. GDS5076), lung (GEO Acc. No. GDS5040) and prostate (GEO Acc. No. GDS5072) which are publicly available. To validate the results of the regression the cross-validation method is used. The results revealed that a linear approach is to be used for prostate cancer dataset and nonlinear approach for breast and lung cancer datasets in finding an association between gene pairs.
A Novel Parameter-Light Subspace Clustering Technique Based on Single Linkage Method
Authors: Kelkar Bhagyashri A. , Rodd Sunil F. , Kulkarni Umakant P.
Published: January 2019

Subspace clustering is a challenging high-dimensional data mining task. There have been several approaches proposed in the literature to identify clusters in subspaces, however their performance and quality is highly affected by input parameters. A little research is done so far on identifying proper parameter values automatically. Other observed drawbacks are requirement of multiple database scans resulting into increased demand for computing resources and generation of many redundant clusters. Here, we propose a parameter light subspace clustering method for numerical data hereafter referred to as CLUSLINK. The algorithm is based on single linkage clustering method and works in bottom up, greedy fashion. The only input user has to provide is how coarse or fine the resulting clusters should be, and if not given, the algorithm operates with default values. The empirical results obtained over synthetic and real benchmark datasets show significant improvement in terms of accuracy and execution time.
Visualisation Model Based on Phishing Features
Authors: Rajab Majed
Published: January 2019

The numbers of online purchases and electronic banking transactions have increased substantially in the era of electronic business and mobile commerce. These online financial activities have attracted a special web threat called “phishing” that targets Internet users by seeking their credentials in order to access their financial information. Phishing involves impersonating a legitimate website by creating a visually similar fake website to deceive users. In the last decade different solutions to fight phishing that are primarily based on educating users, user’s experience, search methods, machine learning and features similarity have been developed. This paper combines computational intelligence along with user’s experience approaches to develop an anti-phishing visualisation method. Our method employs effective features chosen following thorough analysis on features scores generated by Correlation Feature Set and Information Gain processing techniques. We validate our anti-phishing features using classification systems produced by rule induction data mining approach. False positives, false negatives and phishing detection rate are the basis of evaluating the classification systems to measure our anti-phishing methods features’ integrity.
Can Accidental Discoveries be Managed? Exploring Key Factors Impacting Idea Generation in R&D Sites in Japan
Authors: Kato Kosuke , Ito Shin , Itaya Kazuhiko
Published: January 2019

Few reports discuss R&D divisions in manufacturers adapting a management system for promoting serendipity or creativity. We focused on a highly competitive and growing market, in which serendipity is expected to play an important role: the functional food market. We conducted survey analysis of 114 R&D researchers and engineers at 74 companies in the sector using a questionnaire on idea generation. Through factorial analysis, we extracted the novel factors underlying creativity and serendipity, which highly correlated with personal and environmental conditions in R&D worksites.
Dynamical system analysis for a scalar–tensor model with Gauss–Bonnet coupling
Authors: Fazlpour Behnaz , Banijamali Ali
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we study the dynamics of a scalar–tensor model of dark energy in which a scalar field that plays the role of dark energy, non-minimally coupled to the Gauss–Bonnet invariant in four dimensions. We utilize the dynamical system method to extract the critical points of the model and to conclude about their stability, we investigate the sign of the corresponding eigenvalues of the perturbation matrix at each point numerically. For exponential form of the scalar field potential and coupling function, we find five stable points among the critical points of the autonomous system. We also find four scaling attractor solutions with the property that the ratio of dark energy to dark matter density parameters are of order one. These solutions give the hope to alleviate the well-known coincidence problem in cosmology.
Theoretical study of interaction between matter and curvature fluid in the theory of f(R)-gravity: Diffusion and friction
Authors: Andra Doni , Rosyid Muhammad Farchani , Hermanto Arief
Published: January 2019

The relativistic diffusion process and friction have been studied, especially in the framework of [Formula: see text]-gravity theory. The study of relativistic diffusion and friction processes based on [Formula: see text]-gravity is an alternative solution to solve the incompatibility problem emerging in the attempt to couple between the Fokker–Planck equation [FPE] to the Einstein field equation [EFE] encountered by Calogero. The energy–momentum tensor of the cosmological scalar field as proposed by Calogero is replaced by the presence of additional terms in the field equation of [Formula: see text]-gravity. The additional energy–momentum tensor in the field equation of [Formula: see text]-gravity in this context is regarded to compensate for the presence of the diffusion and another process like friction. The additional energy–momentum tensor is also regarded as due to the so-called curvature fluid or background fluid. Here we assume the presence of interaction between matter and the background fluid in the form of physical processes like diffusion, friction, etc. We also assume that there is ‘interplay’ between diffusion process and friction. In other words, the diffusion process and friction are not independent. As examples, we consider some viable models of [Formula: see text] that satisfy both cosmological and local gravity constraints, i.e. [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we apply it to explain the diffusion and friction processes in the expanding universe by considering the Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) model.
Weak field limit and gravitational waves in higher-order gravity
Authors: Capozziello Salvatore , Capriolo Maurizio , Caso Loredana
Published: January 2019

We derive the weak field limit for a gravitational Lagrangian density [Formula: see text], where higher-order derivative terms in the Ricci scalar [Formula: see text] are taken into account. The interest for this kind of effective theories comes out from the consideration of the infrared and ultraviolet behaviors of gravitational field and, in general, from the formulation of quantum field theory in curved spacetimes. Here, we obtain solutions in weak field regime both in vacuum and in the presence of matter and derive gravitational waves considering the contribution of [Formula: see text] terms. By using a suitable set of coefficients [Formula: see text], it is possible to find up to [Formula: see text] normal modes of oscillation with six polarization states with helicity 0 or 2. Here [Formula: see text] is the higher-order term in the [Formula: see text] operator appearing in the gravitational Lagrangian. More specifically: the mode [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text], has transverse polarizations [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with helicity 2; the [Formula: see text] modes [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text], have transverse polarizations [Formula: see text] and non-transverse ones [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] with helicity 0.
The number of representations of n as a linear combination of triangular numbers
Authors: Sun Zhi-Hong
Published: January 2019

Let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be the set of integers and the set of positive integers, respectively. For [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] be the number of representations of [Formula: see text] by [Formula: see text], and let [Formula: see text] be the number of representations of [Formula: see text] by [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]). In this paper, by using Ramanujan’s theta functions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], we reveal many relations between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text].
A positive proportion of Hasse principle failures in a family of Châtelet surfaces
Authors: Rome Nick
Published: January 2019

We investigate a family of Châtelet surfaces over [Formula: see text] and develop an asymptotic formula for the frequency of Hasse principle failures. We show that a positive proportion (roughly 23.7%) of such surfaces fails the Hasse principle, by building on previous work of De La Bretèche and Browning.
11-Regular partitions and a Hecke eigenform
Authors: Penniston David
Published: January 2019

A partition of a positive integer [Formula: see text] is called [Formula: see text]-regular if none of its parts is divisible by [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] denote the number of 11-regular partitions of [Formula: see text]. In this paper we give a complete description of the behavior of [Formula: see text] modulo [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] in terms of the arithmetic of the ring [Formula: see text]. This description is obtained by relating the generating function for these values of [Formula: see text] to a Hecke eigenform, and as a byproduct we find exact criteria for which of these values are divisible by 5 in terms of the prime factorization of [Formula: see text].
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia
Authors: Usov N. A.
Published: January 2019

Assemblies of magnetic nanoparticles show a great potential for application in biomedicine, particularly, magnetic hyperthermia. However, to achieve desired therapeutic effect in magnetic hyperthermia, the assembly of nanoparticles should have a sufficiently high specific absorption rate (SAR) in alternating magnetic field of moderate amplitude and frequency. Using the Landau–Lifshitz stochastic equation, it is shown that dilute assemblies of iron oxide nanoparticles of optimal diameters are capable of providing SAR of the order of 400–600[Formula: see text]W/g in alternating magnetic field with the amplitude [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Oe in the frequency range f = 300–500[Formula: see text]kHz. Unfortunately, in dense clusters of magnetic nanoparticles, which are often formed in a biological medium, there is a sharp decrease in SAR due to the influence of strong magneto-dipole interaction of closest nanoparticles. To overcome this difficulty, it is suggested covering the nanoparticles with nonmagnetic shells of sufficient thickness or using non-single-domain nanoparticles being in magnetization curling states.
Rivers, reefs and deltas: geomorphological evolution of the Jurassic of the Farsund Basin, offshore southern Norway
Authors: Phillips Thomas B. , Jackson Christopher A.-L. , Bell Rebecca E. , Valencia Ayunda A.
Published: January 2019

In many petroleum-bearing, data-poor ‘frontier’ basins, source, reservoir and seal distribution is poorly constrained, making it difficult to identify petroleum systems and play models. However, 3D seismic reflection data provide an opportunity to directly map the 3D distribution of key petroleum system elements, thereby supplementing typically sparse, 1D sedimentary facies information available from wells. Here, we examine the Farsund Basin, an underexplored basin offshore southern Norway. Despite lying in the mature North Sea Basin, the Farsund Basin contains only one well; meaning there remains a poor understanding of its hydrocarbon potential. This east-trending basin is anomalous to the north-trending basins present regionally, having experienced a different tectonic, and most likely geomorphological, evolution. We identify a series of east-flowing rivers in the Middle Jurassic, the distribution of which are controlled by salt-detached faults. In the Middle Jurassic, a series of carbonate reefs, expressed as subcircular amplitude anomalies, developed. Within the Upper Jurassic we identify numerous curvilinear features, which correspond to the downlap termination of southwards-prograding deltaic clinoforms. We show how seismic-attribute-driven analysis can determine the geomorphological development of basins, offering insights into both the local and regional tectonostratigraphic evolution of an area, and helping to determine its hydrocarbon potential.