bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
БЮДЖЕТНА ПОЛІТИКА ФІНАНСОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ОБОРОНОЗДАТНОСТІ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Sidelnykova L.P. , Rudyk S.О.
Published: January 2022

Стаття спрямована на дослідження особливостей бюджетної політики фінансового забезпечення обороноздатності України протягом 2011-2020 років. Доведено, що внаслідок перманентної недофінансованості, боєздатність української армії на початку російської агресії була зниженою. Встановлено, що негативна тенденція щодо недостатнього фінансування оборонних заходів зберігається і сьогодні, не дозволяючи Україні досягти необхідного рівня захищеності держави, тому питання ефективного формування та використання видатків державного бюджету на оборону не втрачають актуальності.
Метою статті є здійснення моніторингу сучасних реалій фінансування сектору оборони і визначення напрямів оптимізації фінансового забезпечення обороноздатності України в умовах посилення гібридних викликів.
Специфіка  наукових  завдань,  що  становлять  предмет  дослідження,  вимагала використання комплексу спеціальних методів, застосування яких допомогло визначити тенденції фінансування оборонних видатків і виявити реальні та потенційні загрози і проблеми фінансового забезпечення обороноздатності України. Рівень забезпечення потреб держави щодо фінансування національної оборони охарактеризовано за трьома напрямами: видатки на оборону за функціональною класифікацією видатків; бюджетні програми Міністерства оборони України за програмною класифікацією; грошове забезпечення військовослужбовців за економічною класифікацією видатків бюджету.
В результаті дослідження доведено, що ключовим аспектом бюджетної політики України щодо фінансового забезпечення її обороноздатності є ефективне формування та використання коштів державного бюджету на фінансування Збройних Сил України. В умовах посилення гібридних викликів оборонний бюджет нашої держави має поступово зростати, передбачаючи модернізацію Збройних Сил України шляхом закупівлі озброєння і військової техніки; перехід сектору безпеки і оборони на стандарти НАТО; побудову професійної армії як комплексного процесу, в якому комплектування ЗСУ за контрактом є лише одним з елементів; підвищення рівня грошово-матеріального забезпечення та соціального захисту військовослужбовців.
Editorial
Authors: Lopes Ferreira Filho Alfredo
Published: January 2022

A revista científica Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, publicada pela Sociedade Brasileira de Proteção Radiológica (SBPR), surge em um momento de avanços significativos nas aplicações das radiações ionizantes e não ionizantes, bem como, de renascimento da indústria nuclear. Em um momento em que, como porta-vozes dos profissionais atuantes na proteção contra as radiações, as sociedades de proteção radiológica em todo o mundo enfrentam o desafio de promover uma cultura de proteção e segurança, em toda parte onde há trabalho com radiação, incluindo hospitais e demais instalações médicas, indústrias, plantas nucleares, universidades e laboratórios de pesquisa, bem como outras instalações que utilizam fontes de radiação.
Além dos raios-X e da radiação nuclear, a Revista abordará também o tema das radiações não-ionizantes. A Revista vai cobrir as principais disciplinas das ciências relacionadas às radiações, incluindo a física, a química, a biologia e a medicina. Serão abordados tópicos de proteção radiológica tais como: Efeitos Biológicos das Radiações e Impactos na Saúde Pública; Radiação Natural; Radioproteção Ambiental, Ocupacional, de Indivíduos do Público e dos Pacientes; Instrumentação Nuclear e Metrologia e Dosimetria das Radiações; Direito Nuclear, Recomendações e Regulamentos Internacionais; Treinamento, Educação e Formação de Recursos Humanos; Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias e Metodologias em Radioproteção; Comunicação com a Sociedade e Participação e Compromisso das Partes Interessadas; Cultura de Segurança e Percepção de Risco; Preparação e Resposta a Emergências Radiológicas e Nucleares; Gestão de Rejeitos Radioativos e Descomissionamento; Transporte Seguro de Materiais Radioativos; Segurança Nuclear e Salvaguardas e Segurança Física das Fontes de Radiação.
Editorial
Authors: Castañeda Rodríguez Víctor Mauricio
Published: January 2022

Editorial número 83
Born global: la cuarta perspectiva de la internacionalización
Authors: Parra-Acosta José Fabián , Duque-Oliva Edison Jair , Rodríguez-Romero Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2022

Este estudio tiene como objetivo revisar la investigación científica sobre el fenómeno de las empresas nacidas globales desde sus inicios hasta el 2019. Basado en una revisión sistemática de literatura de 793 escritos sobre este tipo de empresas, a partir de la colección de la base de datos Scopus, los autores discuten sobre el origen del concepto de estas empresas, sus características, los factores asociados, así como un estudio de la producción de escritos en la perspectiva de la internacionalización. Este análisis proporciona datos particulares de esta “nueva” perspectiva, y los resultados obtenidos sirven para brindarle una mayor importancia con el objetivo de respaldar futuras investigaciones con base en esta.
MAJOR ATHLETIC COMPETITION PERFORMANCE AND REALIZATION IN THE DISCIPLINE 110 M HURDLES (MEN)
Authors: Gutev G.
Published: January 2022

The main aim of the research is to examine performance and realization of elite 110 m hurdles during major athletics competitions (World Athletics Championships-WAC). We analyze the performance of finalists in major competitions in details (including results during preliminary stages) and perform specific statistical analysis. Based on study results we presented effective structural pattern for competing for WAC in the 110 m hurdles discipline. Finalists’ results from heats and semi-finals have certain similarities. Athletes compete in preliminary stages just to proceed to the next stage. The finals give the opportunity for both maximum sports performance and ranking. Based on their performance and sport realization in major events we can define 3 types of athlete: medal winners, hurdlers finished in 4th place, athletes with a ranking between 5th and 8th place. We can mark as a separate tendency that hurdlers from the second and third groups often reach 100% of their performance abilities (register PB result for the corresponding year) in the semi-finals only to qualify for the final.
COMPARISON OF THE QUALITIES OF ATTENTION BETWEEN STUDENTS FROM THE UNWE, PRACTICING BASKETBALL IN EDUCATIONAL GROUPS AND REPRESENTATIVE TEAM
Authors: Stavrev S.
Published: January 2022

Often, in our daily round we hear expressions like „he is not concentrated enough“„he is not focused“, “he is very distracted“, and etc. All these expressions speak about the importance of quality attention, with its two forms – concentration and steadiness. Scientifically, these qualities are established as significant for a number of professions, and the good professional realization of people depends on their level of development. This is the one that motivated us to investigate these qualities with students – future economists from the UNWE and the possibility to establish the level of their development at the beginning of the educational year. We have set the task to compare these qualities between two groups of students – these from the educational groups on basketball from “Physical culture” subject and students from basketball representative team of the university. The average levels of concentration and steadiness of the attention of both aggregates have been investigated and established. The level of development and variability of indices of concentration and steadiness of attention with students has been defined. Values of the variation coefficient define the groups as comparatively homogeneous with both indications, excepting the steadiness of attention with basketball players, whose results for V% define the group as heterogeneous. Statistically reliable differences in the results have not been established on both investigated indications. Specific recommendations have been made for the future work with the educational groups and the representative basketball team of the UNWE, reporting the results got.
INVESTIGATION OF FAILURE TRADING PRACTICES IN SPORTS ACTIVITY
Authors: Dimitrov V.
Published: January 2022

Sporting services are increasingly important as a means of meeting the sporting needs of citizens and are an opportunity for the development of regions, including as a means of boosting employment. Due to increased competition, new unfair practices are emerging in this area. The methods used in the survey are regulatory review, case law review, and questionnaire survey. The results present the most common unfair practices and related misleading advertisements, as well as case law analysis of such cases. In conclusion, many users are misled by such practices, to put in place a reliable system for preventing sports centers, including fitness centers, from posting false reviews and recommendations on their sites.
INFLUENCE OF HIKING IN SPORTS CLASSES IN UNWE ON STUDENTS ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NATURE
Authors: Jordanov V. , Georgiev Zh. , Jordanov E.
Published: January 2022

The problems of pollution and the destruction of nature have been a part of us for a long time. No matter how much people are interested and trusted in all the threatening forecasts, no one can deny the tremendous changes that have taken place in our environment over the last century. Addressing these problems is one of the major tasks of future generations.
The study aims to track the impact of hiking as a possible sport at UNWE on students' attitudes toward nature protection. The study involved 229 students enrolled in various sports at the university, divided into two groups. The experimental group (161) - including students walking in the mountains and the control group (68) - including students attending other sports at UNWE. Both surveys were conducted at the beginning and end of the school year, using the "Questionnaire of the attitude towards the protection of nature".
The results show that the students who participated in the hiking activities in the mountains increase statistically significantly the actions they take to protect nature. No such changes are observed in students from other sports. In terms of knowledge, there are no significant changes in both groups.
RESEARCH OF UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE DISCIPLINE “PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS” WITH THE AIM OF OPTIMIZING THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors: Georgiev Zh.
Published: January 2022

Sports is a field of activity towards which people stress significant interest and which has the potential to reach everyone, regardless of their age, social status as well as physical qualities. Among Bulgarian society the question of youth and children’s health is increasingly becoming more actual means are being considered to increase their physical aptitude and overcome the low level of motor activity. The aim of the research is to ascertain the attitude of students of the University of Forestry towards the discipline “Physical education and sports” with the tendency of optimizing the educational process with the premise of improving the physical aptitude as well as the health status of students. A questionnaire survey was conducted in which 90 second-year students of the University of Forestry from the sports groups took part. A substantial amount of the interviewed believes that the educational process of physical education and sports in the University of Forestry could be improved, given that the number of practiced sports is increased and the educational programs are enriched in accordance with modern tendencies.
REFORMING THE ISLAMIC ECONOMIC AND ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM DURING THE UMAYYAD DYNASTY
Authors: Ridho Nur Muhammad
Published: January 2022

The rule of the Bani Umayah was not strictly an Evil government as described by history. However, the Bani Umayan administration had advantages in various fields, especially in administration and an established economy. Friction with old empires such as Persia and Byzantium had influenced the Umayyad administration system. The filing of the Bani Umayah was more orderly, and the balance sheets began to be compiled in Arabic after the translation efforts of various documents started. This was done because the Bani Umayah area was extensive, starting from France, Italy, Sicily, Spain, North Africa to China and Russia's borders. The author conducted a literature study, collected verification documents, and reinterpreted them. The author rewrote the Umayah Bani economy's historical development, which had unique features, especially in the financial administration midwives. That was carried out by reformers such as Abdul Malik bin Marwan and Umar bin Abdul Aziz who had aged a country with experienced upheaval. Avoid premature destruction. They renewed the monetary system by creating their own currency, which had intrinsic value and did not depend on the Roman Empire and increased production to support the stability of a coin that not only relies on the strength of a more stable gold currency but was also supported by a factor of production which was also a factor. Prominent in a country that has a large area in realizing its economic stability.
AMALAN TASAWUF BIDAYATUSSALIKIIN DAN ANEKA MACAM SENJATA (SUNTINGAN TEKS DAN KANDUNGAN ISI)
Authors: Aisyah Siti
Published: January 2022

Artikel ini menulis tentang suntingan teks naskah Melayu yang judulnya bidayatussalikiin. Isi teksnya terdapat gambar aneka senjata dan pedang yang pernah digunakan oleh Rasulullah dan para sahabat dan ragam doa orang tasawuf. Tujuan tulisan ini melakukan penyuntingan teks dan isi dari kandungan  naskah aneka senjata  dan ragam doa amalan tasawuf dengan metode penelitian naskah tunggal dengan metode penyuntingan menggunakan menggunakan edisi teks diplomatic. Suntingan teks dilakukan pada halaman pertama dan halaman terakhir dari naskah tersebut, Halaman pertamanya merupakan ke-8 atau lembaran ke 4 dari naskah tersebut dan halaman terakhirnya halaman ke 42 atau lembaran naskah ke 21. Isi dari kandungan teks dari naskah ini dilihat  pada halaman pertama sampai halaman ketujuh menampilkan berbagai macam pedang atau senjata yang digunakan Rasulullah dan para sahabat nabi, sedangkan halaman delapan sampai halaman dua puluh satu isinya tentang faedah membaca ayat-ayat tertentu yang terdapat dalam al-Qur’an. Setelah itu halaman ke dua puluh dua sampai halaman kelima puluh sembilan, isinya mengenai bacaan doa bagi seorang sufi dalam melakukan berbagai ibadah dan kegiatan sosial masyarakat. Dapat disimpulkan naskah ini termasuk naskah tasawuf karena isinya memuat ajaran tentang amalan tawasuf.
Cinch and Sterling Analog Circuits for Laboratory
Authors: Khan Noor Mohmmed , Patil Shubhangi , Diggewadi Tushar , Gudnavar Anand
Published: January 2022

As we know that there is ever increasing demand for compact circuits and less complex wirings over the
board, a technological boon evolved for such demand is Printed Circuit Board (PCB). A PCB will mechanically
supports and electrically connects electronic components using conductive tracks, pads. These boards will have
minimal chances for short circuits, components on the board are fixed; another advantage is creation of multiple boards
using single design. Taking this technology forward to our everyday life, we implemented analog communication
laboratory circuit, Schmitt trigger.
How the UK government plans to transform infrastructure performance this decade
Authors: Yandle Nicholas
Published: January 2022

Delivering transformational outcomes for Britain through infrastructure investment needs a revolution, says Nicholas Yandle of the Infrastructure and Projects Authority. A new roadmap describes what civil engineers should be aiming for and the action required to get there.
How civil engineers can survive and thrive in the twenty-first century
Authors: McCann Ed
Published: January 2022

This is an abridged transcript of the inaugural address of Ed McCann, who became the 157th President of the Institution of Civil Engineers on 2 November 2020. His online address consisted of a series of video presentations and interviews, and is available on the ICE website.
Glasgow climate pact: a step on the way towards a lower carbon dioxide world
Authors: Hammond Geoffrey , Newborough Marcus
Published: January 2022

Geoffrey Hammond at the University of Bath and Marcus Newborough of ITM Power review what happened at the UN climate change conference in Glasgow last year, and what the resulting ‘Glasgow climate pact’ means for global warming and climate change.
Environmentally friendly electric vehicles: a silent menace to vulnerable road users?
Authors: Siamidoudaran Meisam , Siamidodaran Mehdi , Konuralp Hilmiye
Published: January 2022

Prediction models have been extensively used in the field of road safety. However, none of these models have yet been particularly applied to injuries related to zero-emission electric vehicles (EVs), which may lead to different outcomes due to their inaudible engines. Using an optimisable classification tree, the aim of this first-ever study was to predict the likelihood of personal injury severities stemming from EV-related crashes on Britain's roads. The prediction model was found to be capable of detecting significant and insignificant factors. These factors provide important insights into how the severity of injuries could be reduced in the future deployment of EVs. Although there was an increased risk for injuries classified as ‘slight severity’, particularly at lower urban speed limits, several predictors are suggesting that EVs do not pose more of a risk to a certain group. Contrary to popular belief, no convincing evidence was found to suggest that eco-friendly EVs are ‘silent killers’ for vulnerable road users.
Sustainable Remediation of Atrazine in Agricultural Fields by Reusing Contaminated Water for Irrigation
Authors: KURT Zohre
Published: January 2022

High yields of agricultural produce is reached traditionally by the application of fertilizers and/or pesticides. When agricultural soil is saturated with pesticides, any pesticide addition to the soil leaches and thus reaches the underlying groundwater. Preventing further contamination and remediation of this type of contamination remains to be a challenge. Although monitored natural attenuation has been shown as an ultimate solution for decontamination, additional applications have been introduced to rapidly achieve this goal. One solution that also contains economic benefits to the farmers is to pump and reuse. The study described here evaluates the possibility to use pump and reuse technique for two common pesticides with different chemical properties, namely atrazine and cypermethrin. In this study, six field samples have been evaluated for their pesticide biodegradation capacity. By placing them in sterilized controls and inoculated active columns, field conditions are replicated to study the leaching and biodegradation at the topsoil of agricultural fields. The biodegradation capacities of inoculated active columns ranged between 34 and75 mg/kg/day for atrazine. The results indicated that using the contaminated water for irrigation could eliminate the pesticide contamination from the soil and groundwater. Overall, this method provides a sustainable solution for pesticide use and remediation by minimizing the pesticide use in agricultural fields without affecting the yield of the planted crops.
[RETRACTED] Re Vivium Age Rescue Cream Reviews Critical Scam Warning ! v1
Authors: not provided reviviumofficial
Published: January 2022

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Authors: not provided reiviumcreamffer
Published: January 2022

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[RETRACTED] Owl Premium CBD Gummies Review: Does Owl CBD Gummies Work? v1
Authors: Premium CBD Gummies Owl
Published: January 2022

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[RETRACTED] TIMES ARE CHANGING: HOW TO USE GROGENIX XL NEW SKILLS v1
Authors: not provided eroctikmall
Published: January 2022

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[RETRACTED] GroGenix XL Reviews & Price Update v1
Authors: not provided trygrogenixxl
Published: January 2022

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[RETRACTED] Power CBD Gummies Reviews & Update v1
Authors: not provided trygrogenixxl
Published: January 2022

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[RETRACTED] GroGenix XL Male Enhancement - GroGenixXL Supplies Are Limited. Reserve Your Bottle! THE SCIENCE BEHIND! v1
Authors: XL Male Enhancement GroGenix
Published: January 2022

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[RETRACTED] GroGenix XL Male Enhancement - Proven to support Sexual Health and Energy - Increased Penis Length & Girth v1
Authors: XL Male Enhancement GroGenix
Published: January 2022

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[RETRACTED] {SCAM or LEGIT} Re-Vivium Skin Cream Shocking Truth Exposed v1
Authors: not provided reviviumskincream
Published: January 2022

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It is believed that skin is comprised of water and collagen.Furthermore, it is subject to UVA radiation, which can result in fine lines, wrinkles wrinkles, and age spots.As we age as we get older, our bodies produce less collagen and this leads to wrinkles and lines.
General Taq PCR Master Mix -- CHEM 384/584 v2
Authors: Christensen Ken
Published: January 2022

SapphireAmp Fast PCR Master Mix contains a hot start PCR enzyme, optimized buffer, dNTP mixture, gel loading dye (blue), and a density reagent as a 2X premix. SapphireAmp Fast PCR Master Mix is optimized for fast PCR and offers a rapid extension rate (10 sec. per kb). The inclusion of blue dye and a density reagent allows direct loading of PCR products on an agarose gel for electrophoresis. The master mix format simplifies workflows and sample handling; simply add primers, template, and water and then begin PCR. SapphireAmp Fast PCR Master Mix is ideal for fast colony PCR screening. Fast colony PCR amplification of a 5 kb insert can be completed in approximately 1 hr 15 min. Furthermore, it is possible to amplify fragments up to 6 kb from genomic DNA templates.
Perspektiven der Flurnamenforschung in der sorbischen Lausitz
Authors: Zschieschang Christian
Published: January 2022

Für die Untersuchung von Flurnamen steht ein breites Spektrum von Methoden zur Verfügung, das dem heterogenen Charakter dieser Namenklasse entspricht. Besonders gewinnbringend erscheint die Betrachtung von Flurnamen aus der Perspektive der einzelnen Siedlung bzw. Gemarkung, die einer spezifischen Kommunikationsgemeinschaft entspricht. Unter dieser Perspektive wird erkennbar, dass es sich nicht nur um eine Summe einzelner Namen handelt, sondern um ein Knäuel von Beziehungen zwischen diesen Namen, von Konzepten, Analogien usw. Um hiervon ein umfassendes Bild zu bekommen, ist es notwendig, ein Maximum an Quellen zu berücksichtigen. Im Kontext der Präsentation von Namen als Teil des sorbischen kulturellen Erbes besteht eine spezifische Situation: Es existiert eine größere Anzahl von verschiedenen regionalen und lokalen Sammlungen. Viele von ihnen wurden publiziert, decken größere Teile der Lausitz ab oder nur einzelne Siedlungen. Teilweise handelt es sich um namenkundliche Studien mit einer umfassenden Analyse, teilweise nur um unkommentierte Namenlisten. Außerdem gibt es verschiedene in Archiven aufbewahrte handschriftliche Sammlungen mit tausenden von Namen. Größere Teile der Untersuchungsgebiete überlappen sich gegenseitig. Man würde hierbei erwarten, dass in den verschiedenen Sammlungen dieselben Namen zu finden wären. Tatsächlich jedoch zeigen sich erhebliche Divergenzen, was an einem Beispiel demonstriert wird. Insgesamt liegt in der Lausitz reiches und diverses Material für die Flurnamenforschung vor. Zudem sind bis heute sind viele Menschen an diesen Namen interessiert, so dass gute Voraussetzungen für citizen science gegeben sind, die eine wichtige Rolle bei zukünftigen Forschungen spielen kann und sollte.
Kontrastywne ujęcie stopnia internacjonalizacji inwentarzy podręczników do nauczania języków polskiego i węgierskiego jako obcych
Authors: Bodziony Zuzanna
Published: January 2022

Internacjonalizmy są jednym ze środków wspierających ucznia podczas nauki języka obcego. Szczególnie ważną rolę odgrywają wówczas, gdy język docelowy w dużym stopniu różni się od języka wyjściowego, jak to jest np. w relacji polski – węgierski. Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje badanie, którego celem jest sprawdzenie, czy autorzy podręczników do nauki języków polskiego i węgierskiego jako obcych wykorzystują słownictwo internacjonalne po to, by ułatwić przyswajanie tychże języków. Kontrastywna analiza liczbowa inwentarzy podręczników pozwala nie tylko na przedstawienie i porównanie stopnia ich internacjonalizacji, ale także na refleksję na temat przyczyn zaobserwowanych różnic.
Gdzie jest metafora? Sposoby reprezentowania gestów metaforycznych w dialogu
Authors: Kraśnicka Izabela
Published: January 2022

Artykuł przedstawia omówienie różnych sposobów realizowania gestów metaforycznych podczas wypowiedzi. Obserwacja dialogujących osób zaangażowanych w żywą dyskusję pokazuje, że metaforyczność jest wynikiem współpracy dwóch trybów semiotycznych, werbalnego i gestycznego, przy czym gesty na co najmniej kilka różnych sposobów mogą łączyć się z warstwą słowną wypowiedzi, wyrażając przy tym metaforyczne znaczenia. W celu ich opisania i analizy autorka, opierając się na podstawach teoretycznych wypracowanych w zakresie badań gestów (A. Kendon, D. McNeill, C. Müller, A. Cienki, J. Antas), wykorzystuje jako materiał badawczy wybrane odcinki programu informacyjno-publicystycznego „TAK JEST”. Analiza obejmuje wypowiedzi, które są egzemplifikacją pięciu różnych funkcji, jakie mogą pełnić gesty metaforyczne w procesie tworzenia znaczeń.
„Czy to stosowne?” O cechach składniowych i semantycznych jednostek stosowny i stosownie
Authors: Maryn-Stachurska Dagmara
Published: January 2022

Artykuł zawiera szczegółową analizę syntaktyczno- semantyczną słów stosowny, stosownie w języku polskim. Autorka stawia hipotezę, że analogicznie do jednostek odpowiedni / odpowiednio można wyróżnić homonimiczne jednostki leksykalne o kształcie przymiotnika i przysłówka reprezentujące różne poziomy języka (należące do jego poziomu przedmiotowego i poziomu meta). Jednostki leksykalne o kształcie stosowny i stosownie reprezentują odpowiednio przymiotnik i przysłówek, a także operator metapredykatywny stosowny i operator metapredykatywny stosownie. Stosownie nie może natomiast pełnić funkcji operatora wyliczenia, którą pełni ciąg odpowiednio.
Unfinished “verbization” process: the development of predicative constructions with an adjective of the feminine gender in the 17th and 18th centuries in the light of corpus data
Authors: Bronikowska Renata
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the changes in the Middle Polish syntactic construction in which the predicative function was performed by the nominative, singular, feminine form of the adjective. The research carried out on the corpus data was aimed at tracing the process that led to the transformation of those adjectival forms into defective verbs (verbization). The analysis covers six predicative adjectival forms most popular in the 17th and 18th centuries: MOŻNA ‛it is possible’, NIEMOŻNA ‛it is impossible’, NIEPODOBNA ‛it is impossible’, WIELKA ‛it is great’, PEWNA ‛it is certain’ and SŁUSZNA ‛it is right’. The first three of them changed their grammatical status, whereas for the rest the verbization process stopped. The 2nd half of the 18th century and the 1st half of the 19th century were decisive in this respect.
Lingua franca features in Italian. Evidence form an evolutionary linguistics experiment
Authors: Rogalska-Chodecka Katarzyna
Published: January 2022

There is no doubt about the lingua franca status of the English language (e.g. Mair 2003). It even manifested itself in an evolutionary linguistics study based on the methodology of iterated learning (cf. Kirby and Hurford 2002). In an experiment with human participants, all of whom were native speakers of Polish, aimed at producing basic yet novel linguistic systems, entrenched linguistic structures related to English could easily be found, despite the fact that the experiment’s participants were asked not to use linguistic units from existing languages (e.g. Rogalska-Chodecka 2015). When the experiment’s participants tried to notice a lexical or syntactic pattern in a set of CVCVCV strings, they referred to English words regardless of their level of language knowledge or the experimenter’s instruction. Consequently, the final product of the experiment was not a novel linguistic system, but one containing entrenched linguistic English-related structures, which proves that in the absence of known linguistic structures, referring to English ones seems to be the easiest option. The present article asks whether it is possible to “force” participants in an experiment to use certain items from the Italian lexicon (related to colour, number, and shape) instead of those that come from English, despite their declared lack of knowledge of the Italian language. The results of two studies, one with a control group where the participants were asked to learn words in English as well as random CVCVCV strings, and one “contaminated” with Italian, where random words were exchanged with Italian ones, are compared in order to determine whether Italian is as useful as English from the perspective of participants in experiments and possesses lingua franca features that can be noticed in the case of the original evolutionary experiment. It turned out that, due to its high learnability, Italian exhibits lingua franca features and, given similar historical conditions to English, could regain its historical lingua franca status.
A Review of the Book: The Many Faces of Multiligualism. Language Status, Learning and Use Across Contexts
Authors: Maciąg-Fiedler Agnieszka
Published: January 2022

Presented text is a review of the book The Many Faces of Multilingualism. Language Status, Learning and Use Across Contexts, edited by Piotr Romanowski and Martin Guardado. Discussed book undertakes the issues of multilingualism, one of the most vivid phenomenon in applied linguistics and sociolinguistics recently. The volume consisting of 11 chapters, is divided in two parts: ‘(Socio) Linguistic Aspects of Multilingualism’ and ‘Pedagogical Aspects of Multilingualism’. The contributors (all multilingual), coming from different countries (e.g. Poland, Latvia, Canada, Brazil, Japan, South Africa), focuse on specific questions related to multilingual education and analyze challenges of the multilingual society.
Środki językowe jako narzędzie nacechowania nieformalnych wypowiedzi kobiet we współczesnym języku chińskim
Authors: Zajdler Ewa , Naruszewicz Agata
Published: January 2022

Tematem artykułu jest korelacja między środkami językowymi w zasobach języka chińskiego a działaniami językowymi młodych kobiet realizowanymi na antenie rozrywkowego programu internetowego. Socjolekt kobiet i cechy stylu sajiao są analizowane na podstawie ich 1802 nieformalnych wypowiedzi zarejestrowanych w programie. W artykule zbadano, w jaki sposób cechy leksykalne i fonetyczne wyrażają kobiecość i jaki kształt nadają wypowiedziom kobiet pełniącym funkcję perswazyjną. Formalne środki językowe, którymi posługują się rodzime użytkowniczki języka chińskiego, komunikują grzeczność, emocje i łagodność, a jednocześnie potwierdzają ich pozycję podporządkowania w społeczeństwie. Badanie rozpoczyna się wprowadzeniem do pragmatyki kulturowej działań językowych i przechodzi do zarysowania aktualnej wiedzy na temat specyfiki języka chińskiego używanego przez Chinki. Z dotychczasowych dyskusji zostały – jako narzędzie analizy – wyprowadzone środki językowe. Omówiono poszczególne słowa i wyrażenia oraz cechy wymowy. Nie wszystkie cechy językowe języka mandaryńskiego omawiane we wcześniejszych badaniach znajdują potwierdzenie w badanych wypowiedziach. Te, które dodają wypowiedzi znacząco ekspresywnego charakteru i łagodności, dominują w studium nad stylem sajiao – cechami fonetycznymi i prozodycznymi typowymi dla dziecięcej formy perswazji. Analiza ilościowa i jakościowa wykazała wysoki stopień nacechowania wypowiedzi emocjami, niepewnością sądów (pozycjonującą nadawcę niżej od odbiorcy), a także artykulacją imitującą dziecięcą.
The Early Paleolithic Go Da Site and the Bifacial Lithic Industries of Southeast Asia
Authors: Kandyba A. V. , Chekha A. M. , Nguyen Gia Doi , Nguyen Khac Su , Gladyshev S. A. , Derevianko A. P.
Published: January 2022

The lithic industry of the stratified site Go Da in Central Vietnam is described, and its place among the contemporaneous Early Paleolithic sites of East and Southeast Asia is determined. Results of a morphological technotypological analysis of the Go Da assemblage are provided. Go Da is attributed to the An Khe-type sites situated in the eponymous area of Vietnam. Cores and tools were made from pebbles, less often from fl akes. Primary reduction focused on simple pebble cores with natural striking-platforms, whereas radial cores were less common. Predom inant among the tools are picks, scrapers of various modifi cations, choppers, and chopping tools, as well as denticulate and notched tools; also, bifaces occur. These tools belong to a single homogeneous industry, showing common features in primary reduction, preparation, and design of key artifacts. On the basis of analysis of the stratigraphic sequence of Go Da and the absolute date of 806 ± 22 ka BP, generated by the potassium-argon analysis of tektites, it is proposed that the site is older than other dated locations with the An Khe industry. Apparently, it resulted from a convergent evolution of the pebble-fl ake industry introduced by the fi rst wave of Homo erectus from Africa. Go Da and other An Khe sites likely belong to a vast habitation zone of Southeast Asian hominins with technologically and typologically similar industries dating to the boundary between the Lower and the Middle Pleistocene.
Paleolithic Personal Ornaments from Xiaogushan Cave: The Formation of Early Symbolism and Its Regional Features in Northeast China
Authors: Zabiyako A. P. , Wang Junzheng
Published: January 2022

This article presents the results of a comparative study of personal ornaments from Xiaogushan Cave in the interregional and regional context of the formation of modern behavior. Xiaogushan is a Paleolithic and Neolithic site in Northeast China. In the Upper Paleolithic layers of the site, apart from tools, personal ornaments were found— pendants made from animal teeth, and a decorated bone disc. The date of the site is a matter of debate; ornaments from layers 2 and 3 date to ~30 ka BP. Like other bone artifacts (harpoon, needles, point), and together with types of stone tools and lithic technology, they mirror the local process of Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition. We focus on similarities between the Xiaogushan ornaments and Upper Paleolithic pendants from northern China and Eurasia in general, attesting to modern behavior during the transitional period and being an important marker of the spread of Upper Paleolithic innovations from the centers to the periphery. Xiaogushan is the fi rst Upper Paleolithic industry in Northeast China known to date, and demonstrates skills and symbolic behavior typical of the initial Upper Paleolithic. The Xiaogushan pendants follow the general tendencies, while being specifi c markers of the evolution of symbolic behavior in Eastern Eurasia.
Integrative Geophysical Studies at the Novaya Kurya-1 Cemetery in the Kulunda Steppe
Authors: Pozdnyakova O. A. , Balkov E. V. , Dyadkov P. G. , Marchenko Z. V. , Grishin A. E. , Evmenov N. D.
Published: January 2022

We outline the results of prospection studies at the Novaya Kurya-1 cemetery in the south of Western Siberia, using remote sensing methods such as aerial photography, ground-based magnetometry, high-precision aeromagnetic survey, electromagnetic profi ling, and electrotomography. Original techniques were used to construct relative relief maps, and an inversion of data from ground-based magnetic survey at various altitudes was carried out. The fi rst technique reduces the effect of natural relief, and highlights anthropogenic altitudinal anomalies, making the analysis of digital elevation models more effi cient. The second technique is helpful for assessing the thickness and depth of anomalous magnetic bodies or horizons, not only providing planigraphic information but enabling us to evaluate two- and threedimensional geometric properties of the detected objects. As a result of the analyses, at least 14 kurgans were identifi ed at the cemetery, six of which lack salient outward features. Structural details suggest that most of them date to the Early Scythian time (800–400 BC). On the basis of the interpretation of the results of highly effi cient prospection analyses using the UAV platform, offering the possibility of surveying a large area (about 25 ha), the boundaries of the site were determined. Several features were detected. To identify these, further studies are needed.
Reconstructed Paleodiets and Subsistence Strategies of the Central Ciscaucasian Population (1000 BC to 1000 AD), Based on Collagen Isotope Analysis of Bone Samples from the Kichmalka II Burial Ground
Authors: Babenko A. N. , Dobrovolskaya M. V. , Vasilyeva E. E. , Korobov D. S.
Published: January 2022

Settlement and economy patterns of the Iron Age and early medieval population of the Central North Caucasus evidence complex cultural processes in the region. The ecological approach including the evaluation of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the local biota opens up new prospects in the study of environments, climate, anthropogenic effect, land use, and nutrition. We analyze the isotopic composition of collagen in 19 human and 11 animal bone samples from Kichmalka II—a cemetery successively used by the Koban people, those of the Sarmatian stage, and Alans. The isotopic composition of the Alanian sample indicates a heavy predominance of plants with the C3-type photosynthesis in the diet of humans and animals. People who lived during the Koban and Sarmatian stages consumed also C4-plants, such as common millet (Panicum miliaceum), suggesting the rise of the trophic step for carbon (Δδ13Chuman-animal). Statistically signifi cant differences in the isotopic composition of carbon were found within the Koban population, apparently evidencing two dietary models. The Δδ15Nhuman-animal values fall within the trophic step, mirroring a focus on meat and dairy products in the diet of all groups. Comparison with respective data on the Klin-Yar III cemetery revealed differences in isotopic signatures in the diet of both humans and domestic animals during the Koban period. The possible reason is climatic change in the Iron Age and the variable share of millet in the diet of the Koban people. The low proportion of δ15N (below 4 ‰) in the bone collagen of goat, sheep, and horse of the Alanian period may attest to vertical transhumance.
Patterns in the Population History of Northern Eurasia from the Mesolithic to the Early Bronze Age, Based on Craniometry and Genetics
Authors: Kozintsev A. G.
Published: January 2022

This study examines the craniometric differentiation of Northern Eurasian groups with reference to genetic and partly linguistic facts. Measurements of 66 series of male crania from that territory, dating to various periods from the Mesolithic to the Early Bronze Age, were subjected to statistical methods especially destined for detecting spatial patterns, specifi cally gradients. Using the nonmetric multidimensional scaling of the matrix of D2 distances corrected for sample size, a two-dimensional projection of group constellation was generated, and a minimum spanning tree, showing the shortest path between group centroids in the multivariate space, was constructed. East-west clines in Northern Eurasia, detected by both genetic and craniometric traits, likely indicate not so much gene fl ow as isolation by distance, resulting from an incomplete evolutionary divergence of various fi lial groups constituting the Boreal meta-population. The western fi lial component, which, in Siberia and Eastern Central Asia, is mostly represented by Afanasyevans, has evidently made little contribution to the genetic makeup of later populations. The eastern fi lial component, which had appeared in the Cis-Baikal region from across Lake Baikal no later than the Neolithic, admixed with the autochthonous Paleosiberian component. The latter’s principal marker—the ANE autosomal component—had been present in Siberia since the Upper Paleolithic. Likewise autochthonous were both Eurasian formations—Northern and Southern; statis tical analysis has made it possible to make these more inclusive, whereby the former has been expanded in the eastern direction to include the Kuznetsk Basin, and the latter westwards, to the Middle Irtysh. Nothing suggests that Eastern European groups had taken part in the origin of either the Northern Eurasian formation or the proto-Uralic groups.
Comparison of the modifying effect of rice ashand buckwheat husk in epoxy antifriction coatings
Authors: Gotlib Elena M. , Valeeva Alina R. , Yamaleeva Ekaterina S. , Tverdov Ilya D. , Dolgova Alina V.
Published: January 2022

This paper discusses the issue of utilization of rice and buckwheat husks, a comparison of their modifying effect in epoxy antifriction coatings, for this, the elemental composition of these fillers was determined using X-ray fluorescence analysis, their structure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, and the acid-base characteristics of the filler surface were determined by the pH method., the surface area of the pores of the ash of rice and buckwheat husks, their oil absorption were calculated, a sol-gel analysis was carried out to assess the density of the spatial network of filled epoxy coatings, and their wear resistance and hardness were determined.

In the course of the research, the optimal temperature for obtaining ash from rice and buckwheat husks was established, which contributes to an increase in wear resistance, hardness and a decrease in the static friction coefficient of filled epoxy coatings. It is shown that the optimal temperature for obtaining rice husk ash is 500 C, and buckwheat husk ash 800 C.

At the same time, rice husk ash is a more effective filler for epoxy polymers than buckwheat husk ash, since it increases the hardness of materials and provides a greater decrease in their friction coefficient.
La liquidez en las formas de la arquitectura japonesa contemporánea
Authors: Castro Marcucci Andrea , Belandria Gutiérrez Daniel , Machado María Verónica
Published: January 2022

El espacio arquitectónico de la contemporaneidad, específicamente en las primeras décadas del siglo XXI, ha buscado estrategias para acercarse a las dinámicas de la sociedad que la habita, catalogada por el sociólogo Zygmunt Bauman como líquida. El presente artículo tiene el propósito de evidenciar cómo la arquitectura de Junya Ishigami constituye una materialización tangible de la idea de liquidez en la arquitectura, convirtiéndose en referente para plasmar esta condición en el espacio habitable. El logro de este objetivo condujo a la investigación a traspasar referencias que transitan en la filosofía, como la apuesta de Bauman en la Modernidad Líquida. Estos planteamientos encuentran en los postulados del sociólogo, el fundamento necesario para explicar la impermanencia de la arquitectura a través de la liquidez. Las prácticas arquitectónicas de la postmodernidad muestran las fases germinales de lo que hoy puede conceptuarse como arquitectura y espacio líquido. Estas referencias y el análisis detallado de los proyectos de Ishigami: Table, Pabellón de la Bienal de Venecia y KAIT, demuestran que los aportes de su arquitectura a través de la indeterminación, la fluidez, la viscosidad, la transparencia y la tensión, constituyen las características fundamentales de un espacio líquido habitable.
Yunus Emre’nin Tarikat Sorunu ve Yaşadığı Dönemde Eskişehir Kent Merkezinde Bulunan Zaviyeler
Authors: MANAZ Selma
Published: January 2022

Yunus Emre’nin yaşadığı 13. ve 14. yüzyıllar, Anadolu Selçuklularının son dönemi, Beylikler ve Osmanlı Devleti’nin kuruluş yıllarını içermektedir. Anadolu bu yüzyıllarda Haçlı seferleri, Moğol akınları ve Babailer isyanına maruz kalmıştır. Bu dönemde Anadolu’da kurularak gelişen tarikatlardan başka, Anadolu dışında oluşmuş çeşitli tarikatların temsilcileri de Anadolu’ya gelerek kendi tarikatlarını yaymaya başlamışlardır. Böylece Anadolu’da birbirinden farklı tarikatlara sahip zaviyelerin sayısı da artmıştır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle Yunus Emre’nin mensup olduğu tarikat tespit edilerek, Eskişehir kent merkezinde kurulan tarikatlar ile ortak özelliklerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu nedenle özellikle Yunus Emre’nin eğitimi, eserleri ve adına kurulan zaviye üzerinden sonuca ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Ancak Yunus Emre’nin aldığı eğitim, şiirlerinde oniki imamdan bahsetmemesi ve değişen zamanla birlikte adına yaptırılan zaviyenin zaviyedarları ile tarikatlarının değişmesi Yunus Emre’nin mensup olduğu tarikatın belirlenmesini zorlaştırmıştır. Dolayısıyla mensup olduğu tarikattan ziyade mensup olamayacağı tarikatların belirlenmesi mümkün olmuştur. Eskişehir kent merkezinde Yunus Emre’nin yaşadığı dönemdeki gibi birbirinden farklı tarikatlarda zaviyeler kurulmuştur. Ancak bu tarikatlar ile Yunus Emre’nin mensup olabileceği düşünülen tarikatlar arasında bir bağ kurulamamıştır. Günümüzde bir iki sokak arayla kurulan bu tarikat zaviyelerinin yerlerinde türbeleri bulunmaktadır.
Yunus Emre Divanı’ndan Tarama Sözlüğü’ne Katkılar
Authors: ERKINAY TAMTAMIŞ Hadra Kübra
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışmada Yunus Emre Divanı’nda yer alan fiillerin Tarama Sözlüğü’ndeki durumu incelenmiştir. Yunus Emre Divanı’ndaki fiiller, tarama yöntemiyle elde edilmiş ve bağlamdan (context) yola çıkılarak anlamlandırılmıştır. Elde edilen fiiller ve anlamları, XIII. Yüzyıldan Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplardan Toplanan Tanıklarıyla Tarama Sözlüğü ile mukayese edildiğinde birtakım farklı sonuçlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırmada fiillerin Tarama Sözlüğü’ndeki durumuna göre beş başlık elde edilmiştir: Birincisi Yunus Emre Divanı’nda yer alıp Tarama Sözlüğü’nde yer almayan fiiller, ikincisi Divan’da ve sözlükte yer alıp anlamlarının sayısı farklı olan fiiller, üçüncüsü her iki eserde de yer alıp anlamlandırma olarak örtüşmeyen, dördüncüsü her iki eserde yer alıp birtakım ses değişikliği gösterenler ve beşincisi iki eserde birtakım morfolojik değişikliklerle yer alan fiiller şeklindedir. Bununla birlikte çalışmada Tarama Sözlüğü’nün çevrimiçi kullanımına ilişkin bazı öneriler yer almaktadır. Bu tür çalışmalar, Türkçenin tarihî söz varlığı, sözcük bilimi ve anlam bilimi alanlarına katkı sağlaması açısından önem taşımaktadır.