bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geospatial Analysis of Indus River Meandering and Flow Pattern from Chachran to Guddu Barrage, Pakistan
Authors: Raza Danish , Kidwai Aqeel Ahmed
Published: August 2020

Natural and anthropogenic influence affects directly ecologic equilibrium and hydro morphologic symmetry of riverine surroundings. The current research intends to study the hydro morphologic features (meanders, shape, and size) of Indus River, Pakistan by using remote sensing (RS) and geographical information science (GIS) techniques to calculate the temporal changes. Landsat satellite imagery was used for qualitative and analytical study. Satellite imagery was acquired from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Operational Land Imager (OLI). Temporal satellite imagery of study area was used to identify the variations of river morphology for the years 1988,1995,2002,2009 and 2017. Research was based upon the spatial and temporal change of river pattern with respect to meandering and flow pattern observations for 30 yearsâ€™ temporal data with almost 7 yearsâ€™ interval. Image preprocessing was applied on the imagery of the study area for the better visualization and identification of variations among the objects. Object-based image analysis technique was performed for better results of a feature on the earth surface. Model builder (Arc GIS) was used for calculation of temporal variation of the river. In observation many natural factor involves for pattern changes such as; floods and rain fall. The object-oriented classification was applied for land use/land cover (LULC) features of the study area for the years 1988 and 2017 and abrupt change observed. Overall, 1988 to 2017 the Indus River in the study area has changed its path and pattern.
NE BIS IN IDEM not Attached at the Suit of the Verdict of the Civil Code that is Declarative
Authors: Amajihono Kosmas Dohu
Published: August 2020

A lawsuit in the civil procedure law there are two types of lawsuit voluntair and lawsuit contentiosa. The verdict against a lawsuit voluntair is a decision that is declarative. While the verdict of the lawsuit contentiosa consists of the ruling is declarative, the decision is constitutive, the verdict is kondemnator, of some kind of court verdict, the only verdict that is kondemnator that have permanent legal force, which have the nature of forcing the losing party to submit or empty the thing which is the object of litigation to the winning side, better submit its case voluntarily or by way of execution which was implemented by the court. While the decisions which are declarative and constitutive that have permanent legal force can not be implemented execution with the reasons for decisions which are declarative only declare something a state, in which case the state is a state that is valid according to the laws and the decisions which are constitutive only create a state of the new law, there is not a state of nature forcing the losing party to surrender or vacate its verdict. Therefore the solution that the ruling is declarative dankonstitutif can be executed the winning party can file a new lawsuit in the court of law which has to examine and decide the case with a lawsuit necessarily just adding and/or lists their petition judgment (kondemnatoir), so that the decisions which are declarative can be conducted by way of execution, but denganmemperhatikan carefully postulates a new lawsuit, so that is not attached to the principle of ne bis in idem.
Restoring Process of Sunspot Penumbra
Authors: Romano P. , Murabito M. , Guglielmino S. L. , Zuccarello F. , Falco M.
Published: August 2020

We describe the disappearance of a sector of sunspot penumbra and its restoring process observed in the preceding sunspot of active region NOAA 12348. The evolution of the magnetic field and the plasma flows supports the idea that the penumbra forms due to a change of inclination of the magnetic field of the canopy. Moving magnetic features have been observed during the disintegration phase of that sector of sunspot penumbra. During the restoring phase we have not observed any magnetic flux emergence around the sunspot. The restoring process of the penumbra sector completed in about 72 hr and it was accompanied by the transition from the counter-Evershed flow to the classical Evershed flow. The inversion of photospheric spectropolarimetric measurements taken by the Interferometric Bidimensional Spectroscopic Instrument (IBIS) allowed us to reconstruct how the uncombed configuration of the magnetic field forms during the new settlement of the penumbra, i.e., the vertical component of the magnetic field seems to be progressively replaced by some horizontal field lines, corresponding to the intraspines.
Spitzer Follow-up of Extremely Cold Brown Dwarfs Discovered by the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project
Authors: Meisner Aaron M. , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Schneider Adam C. , Caselden Dan , Gagné Jonathan , Kuchner Marc J. , Burgasser Adam J. , Casewell Sarah L. , Debes John H. , Artigau Étienne , Bardalez Gagliuffi Daniella C. , Logsdon Sarah E. , Kiman Rocio , Allers Katelyn , Hsu Chih-chun , Wisniewski John P. , Allen Michaela B. , Beaulieu Paul , Colin Guillaume , Durantini Luca Hugo A. , Goodman Sam , Gramaize Léopold , Hamlet Leslie K. , Hinckley Ken , Kiwy Frank , Martin David W. , Pendrill William , Rothermich Austin , Sainio Arttu , Schümann Jörg , Andersen Nikolaj Stevnbak , Tanner Christopher , Thakur Vinod , Thévenot Melina , Walla Jim , Wędracki Zbigniew , Aganze Christian , Gerasimov Roman , Theissen Christopher ,   The Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Collaboration
Published: August 2020

We present Spitzer follow-up imaging of 95 candidate extremely cold brown dwarfs discovered by the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 citizen science project, which uses visually perceived motion in multiepoch Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) images to identify previously unrecognized substellar neighbors to the Sun. We measure Spitzer [3.6]–[4.5] color to phototype our brown dwarf candidates, with an emphasis on pinpointing the coldest and closest Y dwarfs within our sample. The combination of WISE and Spitzer astrometry provides quantitative confirmation of the transverse motion of 75 of our discoveries. Nine of our motion-confirmed objects have best-fit linear motions larger than 1″ yr−1; our fastest-moving discovery is WISEA J155349.96+693355.2 (μ ≈ 2.″15 yr−1), a possible T-type subdwarf. We also report a newly discovered wide-separation (∼400 au) T8 comoving companion to the white dwarf LSPM J0055+5948 (the fourth such system to be found), plus a candidate late T companion to the white dwarf LSR J0002+6357 at 5.′5 projected separation (∼8700 au if associated). Among our motion-confirmed targets, five have Spitzer colors most consistent with spectral type Y. Four of these five have exceptionally red Spitzer colors suggesting types of Y1 or later, adding considerably to the small sample of known objects in this especially valuable low-temperature regime. Our Y dwarf candidates begin bridging the gap between the bulk of the Y dwarf population and the coldest known brown dwarf.
A Comprehensive Power Spectral Density Analysis of Astronomical Time Series. I. The Fermi-LAT Gamma-Ray Light Curves of Selected Blazars
Authors: Tarnopolski Mariusz , Żywucka Natalia , Marchenko Volodymyr , Pascual-Granado Javier
Published: August 2020

We present the results of the Fermi-Large Area Telescope 10 yr long light curve (LC) modeling of selected blazars: six flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and five BL Lacertae (BL Lacs), examined in 7, 10, and 14 day binning. The LCs and power spectral densities (PSDs) were investigated with various methods: Fourier transform, Lomb–Scargle periodogram (LSP), wavelet scalogram, autoregressive moving average (ARMA) process, continuous-time ARMA (CARMA), Hurst exponent (H), and the

plane. First, with extensive simulations we showed that parametric modeling returns unreliable parameters, with a high dispersion for different realizations of the same stochastic model. Hence, any such analysis should be supported with Monte Carlo simulations. For our blazar sample, we find that the power-law indices β calculated from the Fourier and LSP modeling mostly fall in the range 1 ≲ β ≲ 2. Using the wavelet scalograms, we confirm a quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) in PKS 2155−304 at a 3σ significance level, but do not detect any QPOs in other objects. The ARMA fits reached higher orders for 7 day binned LCs and lower orders for 10 and 14 day binned LCs for the majority of blazars, suggesting there might exist a characteristic timescale for the perturbations in the jet and/or accretion disk to die out. ARMA and CARMA modeling revealed breaks in their PSDs at timescales of a few hundred days. The estimation of H was performed with several methods. We find that most blazars exhibit H > 0.5, indicating long-term memory. Finally, the FSRQ and BL Lac subclasses are clearly separated in the

plane.
Chromatic Microlensing Time Delays
Authors: Liao Kai
Published: August 2020

Due to the finite size of the disk and the temperature fluctuations producing the variability, microlensing changes the actual time delays between images of strongly lensed active galactic nuclei on the ∼day(s) light-crossing timescale of the emission region. This microlensing-induced time delay depends on the disk model, primarily the disk size R
disk, which has been found to be larger than predicted by the thin-disk model. In this work, we propose that light curves measured in different bands will give different time delays because R
disk is a function of wavelength; by measuring the time-delay differences between bands, one can (1) directly verify such an new effect, and (2) test the thin-disk model of quasars. For the second goal, our method can avoid the potential inconsistency between multi-band light curves that may bias the results by continuum reverberation mapping. We conduct a simulation based on a PG 1115+080-like lensed quasar, calculating the theoretical distributions of time-delay differences between two bands: u and i centered around 354 nm and 780 nm, under and beyond the thin-disk model, respectively. Assuming that the disk size is twice the size of the standard one, we find that with a precision of 2 days in the time-delay difference measurements, the microlensing time delay effect can be verified with ∼4 measurements, while with ∼35 measurements the standard model can be excluded. This approach could be realized in the ongoing and upcoming multi-band wide-field surveys with follow-up observations.
New species of caddisflies (Trichoptera, Ecnomidae, Polycentropodidae, Psychomyiidae) from Mekong tributaries, Laos
Authors: Laudee Pongsak , Seetapan Kriengkrai , Vongsombath Chanda , Malicky Hans
Published: August 2020

Four new species of caddisflies are added to the fauna of Mekong River, Laos. Described and illustrated are Ecnomus petchanaaesp. nov. and E. boonsawaengaesp. nov. (Ecnomidae), Polyplectropus proukaewisp. nov. (Polycentropodidae), and Psychomyia srichanaisp. nov. (Psychomyiidae) from tributaries of the Mekong River, Laos. Ecnomus petchanaaesp. nov. can be distinguished by the characters of the superior appendages, which are slender and club-shaped in lateral view. In E. boonsawaengaesp. nov., the inferior appendages are tubular with a concave incision subapically and truncated apex. Polyplectropus proukaewisp. nov. has the distal process of the dorsal branch of the inferior appendage close to the base of the inferior appendages and the length of the process is half of inferior appendages. Psychomyia srichanaisp. nov. can be distinguished by the structure of the dorsal branches of the harpagones and apical sclerite. The outer branches of the harpago in the latter species are bifurcated and bent 90° degrees outward, and the inner dorsal branches of harpago are curved outward. The apical sclerite is indiscernible.
Checklist of the Coleoptera of Mordovia State Nature Reserve, Russia
Authors: Egorov Leonid V. , Ruchin Alexander B. , Semenov Viktor B. , Semionenkov Oleg I. , Semishin Gennady B.
Published: August 2020

All 2,145 species of Coleoptera from 88 families known to occur in Mordovia State Nature Reserve, Russia, are listed, along with their author(s) and year of description using the most recent classification framework. Adventive species for European Russia are indicated. There are 31 adventive species in the reserve, comprising 1.44% of the total beetle fauna.
Influence du stress thermique et de la langue dans des tâches de mémorisation chez des personnes bilingues français-créole
Authors: Robin Nicolas , R. Coudevylle Guillaume , Marmolejo-Ramos Fernando , Anciaux Frédéric
Published: August 2020

Cette étude examine les effets du stress thermique et de la langue (français vs. créole) sur les performances dans des tâches de mémoire, de reconnaissance auditive et de rangement par ordre alphabétique de mots préalablement appris. Soixante-quatre participants bilingues français-créole ont réalisé deux sessions d’épreuves en l’absence (24 °C) ou en présence d’un stress thermique (31 °C). Les versions A et B des épreuves de chaque session (contrebalancées) étaient en français ou en créole. Les résultats montrent un effet du climat, de la langue et de la complexité de la tâche sur les performances de mémorisation et reconnaissance. En effet, les performances dans les épreuves étaient inférieures en condition de stress thermique qu’en l’absence de ce dernier. De plus, les performances des participants en langue créole étaient supérieures à celles obtenues en français, en condition de stress thermique, alors qu’aucune différence n’était observée en l’absence de celui-ci. La langue utilisée serait susceptible de moduler l’influence du climat sur la mémorisation.
Où sont nos souvenirs ?
Authors: Conrad André
Published: August 2020

Ruyer partage avec Bergson la négation d’un stockage des souvenirs dans le cerveau mais non l’affirmation qu’ils sont dans l’esprit, car ils ne sont jamais « déjà là », tout en étant disponibles. Comparables aux formations organiques de l’embryogenèse, ils sont recréés, formés à nouveau par un détour par des sens ou des expressivités, régénérés à partir de leurs racines sémantiques. L’activité prime ici sur la substance et sur le lieu, quel qu’il soit. Mais le sens prime sur toute activité. S’agissant de la mémoire du vécu personnel, biographique ou anecdotique, de quel enracinement sémantique dépend, comme fondement de notre permanence morale, la recréation de « nos » souvenirs ?
Proximal Fibular Osteotomy: Biomechanics, Indications, Technique, and Results
Authors: Prakash Lakshmanan , Dhar Shabir Ahmed
Published: August 2020

The evidence base is growing regarding proximal fibular osteotomy. Most studies show that the pain relief and improvement in terms of radiology is statistically significant. More understandable biomechanical theories explaining this improvement are appearing. Because it has a low complication rate and is relatively easy to execute, proximal fibular osteotomy should definitely be considered in any algorithm for the treatment of medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(6):e627–e631.]
Comparison Between the Attune and PFC Sigma in Total Knee Arthroplasty: No Difference in Patellar Clunk and Crepitus or Anterior Knee Pain
Authors: Bateman Dexter K. , Preston Jared S. , Mennona Steven , Gui Evan , Kayiaros Stephen
Published: August 2020

Patellar crepitus and clunk (PCC) is a known complication in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and the cause of dissatisfaction. Patellofemoral articulations have reportedly been optimized in newer TKAs. This study compared the incidence of PCC between a historical and modern TKA design. A single-surgeon retrospective review of primary PFC Sigma (DePuy Synthes, Warsaw, Indiana) or Attune TKA (DePuy Synthes) was performed. A total of 114 PFC Sigma and 103 Attune implants were analyzed at a mean 3.2 years follow-up for overall PCC, painful PCC, anterior knee pain (regardless of crepitus), and PCC necessitating revision. Similar rates of overall PCC (14.6% vs 20.2%,
P
=.803), painful PCC (8.7% vs 6.1%,
P
=.605), and anterior knee pain (15.5% vs 9.7%,
P
=.219) were observed in the Attune and PFC Sigma groups, respectively. No clinically significant differences in range of motion, pain, or Knee Society Scores were found between groups. Subgroup analyses of mobile vs fixed bearing PFC Sigma implants demonstrated higher rates of overall PCC (32.4% vs 15.0%,
P
=.043), painful PCC (20.6% vs 5.0%,
P
=.016), anterior knee pain (17.6% vs 1.3%,
P
=.003), and crepitus requiring revision surgery (17.6% vs 1.3%,
P
=.003) for mobile bearing PFC Sigma implants. No difference was found in the rates of anterior knee pain or PCC between the PFC Sigma and Attune implants. Subgroup analysis suggests that a mobile bearing PFC Sigma implant results in higher PCC. The authors believe the true incidence of anterior knee pain and PCC is underreported in the literature because many outcome measures do not capture these complications. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(6):e508–e514.]
Association Between Delays in Radiography and Surgery With Hip Fracture Outcomes in Elderly Patients
Authors: Shi Brendan Y. , Hannan Casey V. , Jang Jessica M. , Ali Iman , Srikumaran Uma
Published: August 2020

Appropriate waiting time for hip fracture surgery is disputed. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons recommends surgery within 48 hours of presentation, although evidence suggests that earlier surgery (within 24 hours) reduces the risks of complications and death. The authors asked: (1) Do patients who receive earlier radiographic evaluation of hip fracture undergo surgery earlier? and (2) Is “surgery delay” (time from presentation to surgery) associated with postoperative opioid use, duration of hospital stay, and 30-day and 1-year mortality rates? The authors identified 511 adults 60 years or older who were admitted to their emergency department with hip fractures from 2015 through 2017. Patients were divided into 6 cohorts according to length of surgery delay and 3 cohorts according to length of radiography delay (time from presentation to first hip radiograph). The authors found that medium radiography delay (>2 to 4 hours) was associated with an additional 11 hours of surgery delay compared with short radiography delay (≤2 hours;
P
=.026). Longer surgery delay (>12 hours) was associated with use of 9.6 more morphine equivalents (95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 8.6) during the first 24 hours postoperatively compared with shorter surgery delay (≤12 hours). Surgery delay of greater than 36 hours was an independent risk factor for longer hospital stay (odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 4.8). Thirty-day and 1-year mortality rates were significantly higher among patients who experienced a surgery delay of greater than 36 hours compared with those who experienced a surgery delay of 36 hours or less. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(6):e609–e615.]
Safety and Efficacy of Same-Day Hip Resurfacing
Authors: Ani Lidia , Anoushiravani Afshin A. , Feng James E. , Collins Michael , Schwarzkopf Ran , Slover James , Macaulay William , Marwin Scott
Published: August 2020

Same-day discharge (SDD) surgery in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been shown to have similar outcomes to non-SDD THA in select patient populations. Hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) is an alternative to THA for young, active patients, making them ideal candidates for SDD. This study compared the safety and efficacy of non-SDD HRA and SDD HRA for specific postoperative outcomes. An electronic data warehouse query was performed for procedures labeled “hip resurfacing.” Data collected included demographics, surgical factors, and quality metrics. Statistical analyses were evaluated using a graphing and statistics software program. Categorical variables were analyzed with chi-square tests and continuous variables with Student's
t
tests, with
P
<.05 deemed significant. Sixty-three of 274 total HRAs were enrolled in this SDD HRA protocol. No significant difference was observed between SDD HRA and non-SDD HRA baseline characteristics. On postoperative day 0, 98.41% of SDD HRA recipients were discharged successfully. The SDD HRA recipients had shorter stays, with 1.59% requiring a hospital stay of 2 days or more compared with 56.87% of non-SDD HRA recipients (
P
<.0001). The non-SDD HRA recipients were found to have shorter surgical times than SDD HRA recipients (104.74 vs 125.51 minutes,
P
=.01). Rates of infection, periprosthetic fractures, emergency department visits, and hospital readmissions were equivalent (
P
=.99). Same-day discharge HRA is a safe and effective procedure with similar outcomes to non-SDD HRA regarding infections, fractures, emergency department visits, and readmissions. The major benefit of SDD is a shorter hospital stay that may lead to decreased cost while preserving and enhancing quality of care and patient satisfaction. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(6):e595–e600.]
Leukocoria in a 2-Year-Old Patient With Atypical Optic Nerve Fiber Layer Myelination
Authors: Acón Dhariana , El Hamichi Sophia , Berrocal Audina , Murray Timothy G.
Published: August 2020

Myelinated retinal nerve fiber layer is a benign retinal condition that is usually an incidental finding in a healthy patient. Visual acuity is typically not compromised, but some cases have other associated ocular conditions that can affect vision. Diagnosis in challenging atypical cases requires imaging studies to rule out other pathologies. The authors describe the case of a 2-year-old girl who presented with atypical optic nerve fiber myelination.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57:e56–e58.]
Twenty-Four-Month OCTA Assessment in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Fixed-Interval Intravitreal Aflibercept Therapy
Authors: Statler Brittney , Conti Thais F. , Conti Felipe F. , Silva Fabiana Q. , Rachitskaya Aleksandra , Yuan Alex , Schachat Andrew , Kaiser Peter K. , Singh Rishi P. , Babiuch Amy
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Evaluate capillary perfusion density (CPD) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) undergoing fixed intravit-real aflibercept injections (IAI) through 24 months.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Prospective, interventional, single-arm study enrolling 20 patients with persistent DME. Patients received IAI every 4 weeks until DME resolution followed by extension to every 8 weeks. Optical coherence tomography angiography was obtained at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months.

RESULTS:

Sixteen of 20 eyes completed the study. Baseline mean central subfield thickness was 420 µm, which improved to 251 µm (
P
< .001). The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved by 5.5 letters (
P
= .042). The whole superficial CPD decreased by 5.3% (
P
= .001) and the deep CPD decreased by 4.4% (
P
= .009). Better BCVA correlated with less CPD loss within the superficial parafovea (r = +0.66 [0.23, 0.88];
P
= .006) and whole (r = +0.60 [0.12, 0.85];
P
= .017) areas.

CONCLUSION:

Superficial and deep CPD decreased despite fixed IAI through 24 months.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2020;51:448–455.]
Complex Combined Tractional and Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in a Twenty-Three-Year-Old Male With Wagner Syndrome
Authors: Acón Dhariana , Hussain Rehan M. , Yannuzzi Nicolas A. , Berrocal Audina M.
Published: August 2020

Wagner syndrome is a rare hereditary vitreoretinopathy that has been reported in only about 300 people worldwide. It is caused by a mutation in the
VCAN
gene that encodes for the proteoglycan versican, which is a major component of the extracellular matrix of the vitreous gel; retinal detachment is uncommon in these cases. The authors report a case of a 23-year-old male who presented with bilateral combined tractional and rhegmatogenous retinal detachments.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:467–471.]
A Review on Software Project Management Ontologies
Authors: Iatrellis Omiros , Fitsilis Panos
Published: August 2020

This article aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive background for understanding current knowledge and research works on ontologies for software project management (SPM). It constitutes a systematic literature review behind key objectives of the potential adoption of ontologies in PM. Ontology development and engineering could facilitate substantially the software development process and improve knowledge management, software and artifacts reusability, internal consistency within project management processes of various phases of software life cycle. The authors examined the literature focusing on software project management ontologies and analyzed the findings of these published papers and categorized them accordingly. They used qualitative methods to evaluate and interpret findings of the collected studies. The literature review, among others, has highlighted lack of standardization in terminology and concepts, lack of systematic domain modeling and use of ontologies mainly in prototype ontology systems that address rather limited aspects of software project management processes.
Composition of the Financial Logistic Costs of the IT Organizations Linked to the Financial Market
Authors: Soares Edilaine Rodrigues , Zaidan Fernando Hadad
Published: August 2020

This chapter aims to present the financial indicators in the information management of the software development project in the IT organizations linked to the financial market and how it becomes indispensable in the process of evolution of the supply chain. These financial indicators allows to enable the composition of the financial logistic costs of the month subsequent, from the integration of the different areas, aiming to maximize profits, reduce costs and obtain the return on investment of software development project for better decision making in IT organizations. This scenario allows to compose the financial logistic cost through financial indicators of the software project for better decision making and that allow to accomplish the processes that link the IT organizations in the financial market, benefiting both sides, make organizations more competitive in the market and became indispensable in the process of evolution of the supply chain.
Theory Driven Modeling as the Core of Software Development
Authors: Osis Janis , Nazaruka (Asnina) Erika
Published: August 2020

Some experts opine that software is built in a primitive way. The role of modeling as a treatment for the weakness of software engineering became more important when the principles of Model Driven Architecture (MDA) appeared. Its main advantage is architectural separation of concerns. It showed the necessity of modeling and opened the way for software development to become an engineering discipline. However, this principle does not demonstrate its whole potential power in practice because of lack of mathematical accuracy in the very initial steps of software development. The sufficiency of modeling in software development is still disputable. The authors believe that software development in general (and modeling in particular) based on mathematical formalism in all of its stages and together with the implemented principle of architectural separation of concerns can become an important part of software engineering in its real sense. They propose the formalism by topological modeling of system functioning as the first step towards engineering.
Fault Prediction Modelling in Open Source Software Under Imperfect Debugging and Change-Point
Authors: Khurshid Shozab , Shrivastava A. K. , Iqbal Javaid
Published: August 2020

Instant demand of products and services by technologically active users has increased the demand for open source software (OSS)-based applications. Unfortunately, with the complexity and lack of understanding of OSS-based systems, it becomes difficult for a testing team to remove the faults and the fault removal rate becomes low in comparison to what it should be. This also results in generating new faults during removal. Also, the rate at which the testing team detects/corrects fault need not be same during the entire process of testing due to various reasons viz. change in testing strategy, understanding of code, change in resources, etc. In the existing literature on OSS, authors have developed many models considering the above aspects separately. In this article, all of the above aspects have been combined to develop a general framework for predicting the number of faults in OSS. The comparison of eight models on the basis of their prediction capability on two well-known Open Source Software datasets is created and then ranked using normalized criteria distance approach.
Modeling Software Development Process Complexity
Authors: Damasiotis Vyron , Fitsilis Panos , O'Kane James F.
Published: August 2020

Modern software systems are growing increasingly complex, requiring increased complexity of software and software development process (SDP). Most software complexity measurement approaches focus on software features such as code size, code defects, number of control paths, etc. However, software complexity measurement should not only focus on code features but on features that cover several aspects of SDP in order to have a more complete approach to software complexity. To implement this approach, an extensive literature review for identifying factors that contribute to the complexity of SDP was performed and seventeen complexity factors were identified. As there were indications that the identified factors were not independent from each other but there were interrelations between them, statistical methods for identifying the underlined relations and refining them were applied, resulting to the final set of measures used in the proposed model. Finally, the proposed model has been tested in five software projects and the results were evaluated.
Software Engineering for Technological Ecosystems
Authors: Vayyavur Rajeshwar
Published: August 2020

Software engineering for technological ecosystems also referred as Software Ecosystems (SECOs) focuses on the concept of software engineering field. The study of SECOs started in early 90s under business schools, mainly focused on software engineering based on the software product lines approach that aimed to allow external designers and developers to contribute to hitherto closed platforms. The chapter gives background, various dimensions, framework, architectural challenges of SECOs, and explains various limitations and different recommendations and solutions to provide a better and conclusive platform for the technology ecosystems.
Automatic Static Software Testing Technology for Railway Signaling System
Authors: Hwang Jong-Gyu , Jo Hyun-Jeong
Published: August 2020

In accordance with the development of recent computer technology, the railway system is advancing to be flexible, automatic and intelligent. In addition, many functions of railway signaling which are cores to the railway system are being operated by computer software. Recently, the dependency of railway signaling systems on computer software is increasing. The testing to validate the safety of the railway signaling system software is becoming more important, and related international standards for inspections on the static analysis based source code and dynamic test are a highly recommended (HR) level. For this purpose, studies in relation to the development of source code analysis tools were started several years ago in Korea. To verify the applicability of validation tools developed as a part of these studies, the applicability test was performed for the railway signaling system being applied to the Korean domestic railway. This automated testing tool for railway signaling systems can also be utilized at the assessment stage for railway signaling system software, and it is anticipated that it can also be utilized usefully at the software development stage. This chapter drew the result of the application test for this actual source code of the railway signaling system being applied to railway sites and analyzed its result.
From Virtual to Physical Problem Solving in Coding
Authors: Zhu Kening
Published: August 2020

Using coding education to promote computational thinking and nurture problem-solving skills in children has become an emerging global trend. However, how different input and output modalities in coding tools affect coding as a problem-solving process remains unclear. Of interest are the advantages and disadvantages of graphical and tangible interfaces for teaching coding to children. We conducted four kids coding workshops to study how different input and output methods in coding affected the problem-solving process and class dynamics. Results revealed that graphical input could keep children focused on problem solving better than tangible input, but it was less provocative for class discussion. Tangible output supported better schema construction and casual reasoning and promoted more active class engagement than graphical output but offered less affordance for analogical comparison among problems. We also derived insights for designing new tools and teaching methods for kids coding.
Ultra-High-Definition Video Transmission for Mission-Critical Communication Systems Applications
Authors: Adeyemi-Ejeye Anthony Olufemi Tesimi , Koczian Geza , Alreshoodi Mohammed Abdulrahman , Parker Michael C. , Walker Stuart D.
Published: August 2020

With the standardization of ultra-high-definition formats and their increasing adoption within the multimedia industry, it has become vital to investigate how such a resolution could impact the quality of experience with respect to mission-critical communication systems. While this standardization enables improved perceptual quality of video content, how it can be used in mission-critical communications remains a challenge, with the main challenge being processing. This chapter discusses the challenges and potential solutions for the deployment of ultra-high-definition video transmission for mission-critical applications. In addition, it examines the state-of-the-art solutions for video processing and explores potential solutions. Finally, the authors predict future research directions in this area.
3D Medical Images Compression
Authors: Aly Mohamed Fawzy , Mahmood Mahmood A.
Published: August 2020

Medical images are digital representations of the body. Medical imaging technology has improved tremendously in the past few decades. The amount of diagnostic data produced in a medical image is vast and as a result could create problems when sending the medical data through a network. To overcome this, there is a great need for the compression of medical images for communication and storage purposes. This chapter contains an introduction to compression types, an overview of medical image modalities, and a survey on coding techniques that deal with 3D medical image compression.
A Novel Adaptive Scanning Approach for Effective H.265/HEVC Entropy Coding
Authors: Li Wei , Zhao Fan , Ren Peng , Xiang Zheng
Published: August 2020

The block transform video coder of H.265/HEVC has been formulated for a more flexible content representation to satisfy various implementation demands. Here three coefficient-scanning methods of diagonal, horizontal and vertical scan are employed for mapping a 2-D array to a 1-D vector for further reducing redundancy in entropy coding. However, the fixation scanning pattern does not fully exploit the correlation among quantized coefficients and the coding redundancy still exists. In this paper, a new adaptive coefficient scanning (ACS) method is proposed for effective H.265/HEVC entropy coding. Here the characteristic of syntax elements of quantized coefficients is first studied and then the related context probability of symbol is estimated through combining local property. Guided by the principle of entropy coding, the scanning approach is established for higher coding performance. Experimental results demonstrate that a reduction of about 3.6%–4.2% in bit-rate can be observed with almost no loss in coding complexity.
An Objective Compliance Analysis of Project Management Process in Main Agile Methodologies with the ISO/IEC 29110 Entry Profile
Authors: Galvan-Cruz Sergio , Mora Manuel , O'Connor Rory V. , Acosta Francisco , Álvarez Francisco
Published: August 2020

Software Process Improvement efforts (SPI) are pursued by organizations for improving the overall quality of their software development processes. However, very small entities (VSEs) avoid them by the lack of required financial and other organizational resources. In contrast, VSEs use agile software development methodologies (ASDMs), but these ASDMs do not foster adherence to best scholastic practices promoted by SPI. Furthermore, while a new ISO/IEC standard (29110) has been recently released for VSEs, it was not designed taking account the ASDM approaches. Thus, we investigate the extent of adherence of main ASDMs (two industrial and one academic type) with this new standard. Initial results provide evidence on the strong need to enhance the two industrial ASDMs (XP and SCRUM). In contrast, the academic ASDM (UPEDU) fits the standard very well but it is scarcely used by VSEs. Hence, it is concluded that there is a knowledge gap between the praxis with ASDMs and the recommended scholastic software processes like the ISO/IEC 29110 standard for VSEs.
A Practical Application of TrimCloud
Authors: Gomez Beatriz Adriana , Evans Kailash
Published: August 2020

The current educational technologies in developing countries are not always successfully implemented and utilized due to infrastructure limitations, such as limited resources, limited training in educational technologies, and the unrealized potential usefulness of these technologies. Using an effective and relevant educational technology will efficiently maximize the use of the limited resources available to schools in developing countries in order to provide a larger outreach and increase access to up-to-date information and useful electronic resources. Thus, the authors propose TrimCloud as an alternative educational technology to help rebuild the education system and encourage innovation and development in developing countries. TrimCloud is an open-source virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) that is offered as a software-as-a-service (SaaS) and a desktop-as-a-service (DaaS). In this paper, the authors examine possible solutions to issues plaguing the educational environment in developing countries by using TrimCloud at the primary, secondary, university/higher education, and administration levels. They propose the use of refurbished legacy systems as the alternative hardware source for using TrimCloud as an educational technology, which will also aid to alleviate the “e-waste dump” problem. Lastly, the authors explore further network enhancements to TrimCloud that will provide a reliable and robust option for developing countries.
A Satiated Method for Cloud Traffic Classification in Software Defined Network Environment
Authors: Mathur Mohit , Madan Mamta , Chaudhary Kavita
Published: August 2020

With the advent of new technologies like software defined networking, cloud computing and Internet of Things, everything needs to be redefined. Software Define Networking (SDN) is the latest approach and an emerging network technology that will bring a major change in the area of networking. Though SDN has been successfully applied to most of the networking area but traffic classification is the area where it is yet to be applied. With the high adoption of cloud services, the traffic on cloud increased rapidly. The technologies need to be clubbed together so that they can survive in the rapidly changing environment. The paper aims at addressing the cloud traffic classification using Differential Services Code Point (DSCP) marking in software defined network environment. This allows us to identify cloud traffic separately from other web services and helps its traffic flows to be provided with special treatment over other internet services. The paper aims to classify cloud traffic along with suggesting some marking schemes to prioritize cloud traffic using DSCP of IP header.
Computational Thinking and Multifaceted Skills
Authors: Wong Gary , Jiang Shan , Kong Runzhi
Published: August 2020

Computational thinking allows us to solve complex problem in a certain way, which has been taught in traditional computer science program in university. With the advanced digital computing technology, new visual programming tools have been developed to allow children at early age to explore the concept and practices of computational thinking, which could develop their multifaceted skills. In this study, it aims to report an exploratory study of two pioneer primary schools in Hong Kong on introducing computational thinking through coding. This study uses qualitative approach with classroom observations, field notes and group interviews (n = 14). We also develop a child-centered interview protocol to find out the perception of children in learning how to code. The results show that children are generally engaging in computational thinking activities and believe that this learning context can develop their multifaceted skills such as problem solving skills and creativity.
An Empirical Investigation of Decision Making in IT-Related Dilemmas
Authors: Zhang Chen , Simon Judith C. , Lee Euntae “Ted”
Published: August 2020

Given the rising IT security and privacy concerns, organizations are increasing their spending to strengthen technical protections. However, the problem of individuals wanting to find ways to gain access to IT resources improperly remains. To gain a better understanding of individuals' intentions to behave unacceptably in IT-related situations with conflicting interests, an information focus approach is adopted and the effects of information regarding possible consequences on their intentions is empirically investigated through a vignette-based survey. The findings not only confirm the deterrent role of information about possible negative consequence in these situations but also reveal that such influence is greater in situations involving software products than in situations involving data and for individuals with a higher level of fundamental concern for the welfare of others. Furthermore, this study reveals how the influence of consequence information on the intention to perform an unacceptable behavior may be dependent on individual factors and situational factors.
Intellectual Property Regulation, and Software Piracy, a Predictive Model
Authors: D'Rosario Michael
Published: August 2020

In recent years, a number of studies have considered the impact of IPRs on software piracy, specifically TRIPS and more recently U.S. USTR 301 reporting, pursuant to the Trade Act. The work of Shadlen (2005) supports the assertion that a number of recent IPR reforms directly influence rates of copyright infringement. Shadlen (2005) is a significant study into the impact of the IPRs such as TRIPS, Out of Cycle reviews and USTR 301 reporting on software piracy. The study identified a number of key IPR reforms and sought to determine the impact of IPR reform differentials on observed piracy rates. The current study extends upon Shadlen (2005), comparing the pooled panel model framework to an alternative model of prediction, a backward propagation, multilayer perceptron network model. The analysis conducted herein focuses specifically on ASEAN member countries. The study employs the Garson (1991) and Goh (1995) methods of independent variable analysis to offer further insight into relative importance of the IPR reform variables.
The Importance of Process Improvement in Web-Based Projects
Authors: Al-Rousan Thamer , Abualese Hasan
Published: August 2020

Process improvement in web-based projects is of growing concern for many reasons including successful delivery of projects. Web application development companies are reluctant to adapt process improvement models and methods because of their complex structure and difficult implementation methods. It has been observed that improvement efforts in web application development companies based on process improvement frameworks which are designed for large organizations fail most of the time. This study attempts to evaluate the suitability of different software process improvement models to meet the special characteristics and requirements for the web-based projects.
Knowledge Transfer, Knowledge-Based Resources, and Capabilities in E-Commerce Software Projects
Authors: Wang Kung , Lu Hsin Chang , Lee Rich C. , Yeh Shu-Yu
Published: August 2020

Together with the recognition of successful knowledge transfer as an important growth strategy for small and medium-sized software firms, questions related to the knowledge-based resources have emerged, including what and where knowledge is and how capabilities may influence knowledge transfer in e-commerce software projects. This study provides a deeper understanding of the relevance of knowledge transfer in such projects. The research findings identify the challenges of transferring this tacit knowledge across such projects and even within the user organizations as well. In addition to the technology knowledge and the absorptive capabilities perspectives, this study considers the market knowledge and the associated marketing capabilities as the alternative input to such projects. Most importantly, it offers a clear guide to project managers in their team building and recruiting. By using rigorous theoretical deductions and empirical support from the case studies, the study provides significant research contributions to the academicians and the implications for the practitioners of software projects.
Secure Baseband Techniques for Generic Transceiver Architecture for Software-Defined Radio
Authors: Marriwala Nikhil Kumar , Sahu Om Prakash , Vohra Anil
Published: August 2020

Software Defined Radio (SDR) systems are the ones which can adapt to the future-proof solution and it covers both existing and emerging standards. An SDR has to possess elements of reconfigurability, intelligence and software programmable hardware. The main interest in any communication group is the sure sending of signals of info from a transmitter to a receiver. The signals are transmitted via a guide who corrupts the signal. To ensure reliable communication forward error-correcting (FEC) codes are the main part of a communication system. This chapter will discuss an SDR system built using LabVIEW for a Generic Transceiver. This chapter has covered emerging software radio standards and the technologies being used to specify and support them.
Contemporary Energy Management Systems and Future Prospects
Authors: Manzoor Amir
Published: August 2020

The transformation of electric grid into smart grid has improved management of available resources and increased energy efficiency. Energy management systems (EMS) play an important role in enhancing user participation in control of energy management. Using such systems, consumers can obtain information about their energy consumption patterns and shape their energy consumption behaviors for efficient energy utilization. Contemporary EMS utilizes advanced analytics and ICT to provide consumers actionable feedback and control of energy management. These systems provide high availability, an easy-to-use user interface, security, and privacy. This chapter explores the contemporary EMS, their applications, classifications, standards, and frameworks. The chapter defines a set of requirements for EMS and provides feature comparison of various EMS. The chapter also discusses emerging trends and future research areas in EMS.