bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Existing datasets uncover complex interactions driving catches of a data‐poor recreational fishery in South Australia
Authors: Durante Leonardo Maia , Beckmann Crystal , Bailleul Frédéric , Ferguson Greg
Published: July 2024

Understanding drivers of effort and catch is important for sustainable management of recreational fisheries. For the Pipi (Latona deltoides) fishery in South Australia as a case study, publicly available datasets on fisher demography, market forces and internet connectivity improved understanding of fisher motivations and capabilities, identified different historical periods in the fishery and addressed temporal gaps in effort and catch estimates from on‐site surveys. Most variables were correlated with recreational effort and catch estimates from on‐site surveys and principal component analysis identified 2013–2014, 2015–2018 and 2019–2022 as distinct periods in the Pipi fishery. Results corroborated studies and anecdotal information that suggested declining availability and higher prices of local, commercially caught Pipi, and reduced imports of bivalves from Asia that previously supplied the South Australian bait market. Reduced availability and higher prices of Pipi likely motivated recreational fishers to gather their own bait to increase catch over the years. Similarly, increased internet and smartphone access and increased numbers of utility vehicles aided recreational catch efficiency of Pipi. Effective management of recreationally harvested resources requires understanding of external processes that drive fisher motivations and capabilities, particularly for stocks that are shared among fisheries. The need for improved data on fisher behaviour for management of recreational fisheries can be addressed by leveraging external information from available datasets. We recommend that the temporal gap between surveys should be less than 5 years, supplemented by analysing behavioural information collected from fishers during interviews.
Sarcopenia as a predictor of mortality in kidney transplant recipients: A 5‐year prospective cohort study with propensity score matching
Authors: Kosoku Akihiro , Iwai Tomoaki , Kabei Kazuya , Nishide Shunji , Machida Yuichi , Ishihara Takuma , Uchida Junji
Published: July 2024

Background

Sarcopenia is known to bring about adverse outcomes in elderly populations and dialysis patients. However, whether it is a risk factor in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) has not yet been established. In the present study, the association of sarcopenia with mortality was investigated in KTRs.

Methods

We conducted a single‐center prospective cohort study and recruited KTRs who were more than 1‐year posttransplant from August 2017 to January 2018. The participants were followed for 5 years, and the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess patient survival.

Results

A total of 212 KTRs with a median age of 54 years and median transplant vintage of 79 months were enrolled in this study. Among them, 33 (16%) had sarcopenia according to the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 at baseline. During the 5‐year follow‐up period, 20 (9.4%) died, 5 returned to dialysis after graft loss, and 4 were lost to follow‐up. The 5‐year overall survival rate was 90%. After 1:1 propensity score matching, a matched cohort with 60 KTRs was generated. The overall survival rate was significantly lower in the sarcopenia group compared to the non‐sarcopenia group (p = 0.025, log‐rank test). Furthermore, mortality risk was significantly higher in the sarcopenia group compared to the non‐sarcopenia group (hazard ratio = 7.57, 95% confidence interval = 0.94–62).

Conclusion

Sarcopenia was a predictor of mortality in KTRs. KTRs with suboptimal muscle status who were at risk for poor survival could have a clinical benefit by interventions for sarcopenia.
Roles of Menin in T cell differentiation and function: Current knowledge and perspectives
Authors: Zhou Pingping , Liu Weiru , Ma Jian
Published: July 2024

The commitment to specific T lymphocytes (T cell) lineages is governed by distinct transcription factors, whose expression is modulated through epigenetic mechanisms. Unravelling these epigenetic mechanisms that regulate T cell differentiation and function holds significant importance for understanding T cells. Menin, a multifunctional scaffolding protein, is implicated in various cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, cell cycle control, DNA repair and transcriptional regulation, primarily through epigenetic mechanisms. Existing research indicates Menin's impact on T cell differentiation and function, while a comprehensive and systematic review is currently lacking to consolidate these findings. In the current review, we have highlighted recent studies on the role of Menin in T cell differentiation and function, focusing mainly on its impact on the memory Th2 maintenance, Th17 differentiation and maintenance, CD4+ T cell senescence, and effector CD8+ T cell survival. Considering Menin's crucial function in maintaining effector T cell function, the potential of inhibiting Menin activity in mitigating inflammatory diseases associated with excessive T cell activation has also been emphasised.
Maternal in‐nest call structure reduces habituation risk in songbird embryos
Authors: Austin Victoria I. , Common Lauren K. , Colombelli‐Négrel Diane , Kleindorfer Sonia
Published: July 2024

Repetition of the same vocal stimulus during vocal learning may result in habituation. Therefore, selection may favor vocal tutors that produce vocal stimuli with characteristics that reduce the risk of habituation. Superb fairywren Malurus cyaneus mothers produce a two‐element (A and signature B) call to embryos, but embryos only produce one element type (B) after hatching. Why do mothers use the A element to embryos? We broadcast calls with one (B) or two (AB) element types and measured embryo response. Embryos habituated to calls with one element type and remained responsive to calls with both. We conclude that signal characteristics in tutors may guide learning to retain pupil attention during learning.
The prevalence of monotherapy and combination therapy in hypertension in China from 2019 to 2021: A nationwide population‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Luo Xiaoyang , Liu Wei , Sun Ningling , Bo Peili , Chen Yuanyuan , Han Qinghua , Li Nanfang , Lu Xinzheng , Mou Jianjun , Sun Gang , Zhang Yuqing
Published: July 2024

There are no nationwide surveys on antihypertensive drugs in China. In order to assess the current status of antihypertensive drug therapy in patients with hypertension and analyzed factors that may affect combination therapy, using convenience sampling, we recruited 305,624 patients with hypertension from the Chinese Cardiovascular Association Database‐Hypertension Center between January 2019 and December 2021. Chi‐squared test was performed to analyze the administered antihypertensive drug types and their combinations in different hospital settings. Logistic regression was used to assess the factors influencing combination therapy. We found around 33.1% of the participants had stage 2 and above hypertension, of which 67.9% were treated with combination therapy. In community or general hospitals, the most common monotherapy was calcium channel blockers (CCB), angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor inhibitor (ACEI/ARB) and diuretic were the main single‐pill combinations (SPCs), and ACEI/ARB and CCB were the main free combination. From 2019 to 2021, the rates of combination therapy increased (58.8%–64.1%) with SPCs from 25.9% to 31.0% and free combination from 31.9% to 32.6%. Patients aged < 60 years, with stage 2 and above hypertension, with an education level of high school and above, visiting general hospitals, living in the eastern region of China, with hypertension risk factors and comorbidities, and without anxiety or depression were more likely to receive combination therapy (all P < .05). The combination therapy use rate increased yearly and the rate of SPCs rose obviously. Individual, hospital, and regional differences in patients with hypertension influenced combination therapy.
Effect of salt substitute and antihypertensive medications among high cardiovascular risk patients: A sub‐study of Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS)
Authors: Qi Zijing , Tang Shuai , Hao Yubing , Li Yanxing , Hao Tianyou , Yang Hongmei , Shen Yijing , Huang Liping , Tian Maoyi , Feng Xiangxian , Li Zhifang
Published: July 2024

The relationship between the differential protective effect of salt substitute between hypertensive and normotensive individuals and the use of cardiovascular medications remains unclear. This study involved 4211 individuals with a history of stroke or hypertension who participated in the Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS) from 120 villages in Shanxi Province. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in major adverse cardiovascular events and blood pressure changes between the salt substitute and the regular salt group in the subgroups of participants taking different antihypertensive medications. Mixed models were employed and adjusted for the cluster effect (village) and potential confounding variables. During the average follow‐up period of 4.66 years, a significantly protective effect of salt substitute on reducing the risk of cardiovascular events was observed in the participants who taking antihypertensive medications (rate ratio: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68 to 0.95. p = 0.011), whereas no significant effect in participants not taking antihypertensive medications (rate ratio: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.32, p = 0.612). Significant effects to lower systolic blood pressure of the salt substitutes were observed in the participants who took different antihypertensive medications. This study emphasized that the use of salt substitutes might enhance the efficacy of anti‐hypertensive medications in lowering blood pressure and reducing the risk of adverse cardiovascular events.
Strep Easy Kit; a bio‐enrichment dual ICG‐strip test for simultaneous detection of Streptococcus agalactiae serotypes Ia and III in fish samples
Authors: Himananto Orawan , Yoohat Kirana , Danwisetkanjana Kannawat , Kumpoosiri Mallika , Rukpratanporn Sombat , Theppawong Yada , Sukchai Nanthita , Siripaitoon Sirima , Areechon Nontawith , Unajak Sasimanas , Gajanandana Oraprapai
Published: July 2024

The Strep Easy Kit, a bio‐enrichment dual ICG‐strip test, is a diagnostic tool designed for the detection of Streptococcus agalactiae, an important pathogenic bacterium in tilapia farming. The kit can simultaneously identify two different serotypes of S. agalactiae, serotype Ia and serotype III. This capability is crucial for the collection of valuable epidemiological data and facilitates strategic planning for effective vaccine development and deployment. The Strep Easy Kit consists of two main steps: pathogen enrichment and pathogen detection. The enrichment step increases the concentration of bacteria so that the bacterial load is raised to the level reliably detectable by the subsequent ICG strip test. This is achieved by incubating the fish samples in a suitable liquid medium under specified temperature and time conditions. The second step involves the use of the dual‐ICG strip test. This strip test consists of two monoclonal antibodies and one polyclonal antibody that are specific to S. agalactiae and can distinguish between S. agalactiae serotype Ia and S. agalactiae serotype III. This dual capability enables the ICG strip test to simultaneously detect both serotypes of S. agalactiae in a single test kit. The detection limit of the test kit, which consists of a dual ICG‐Strip test combined with an enrichment step, is 100 CFU/mL. The kit can be used to detect S. agalactiae in both live and dead fish samples, making it versatile for various testing scenarios. The test results obtained using the Strep Easy Kit have shown a 94.4% correlation with the standard method (Thai Agricultural Standard; TAS 10453‐2010), with 90.2% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Significant advantages of the Strep Easy Kit lie in its simplicity and portability, allowing farmers to perform the test by themselves and on‐site. This makes it a practical and accessible tool for the tilapia farming industry.
Inflammatory responses in Atlantic lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) after intraperitoneal injection of a vaccine against Aeromonas salmonicida and Vibrio salmonicida at different water temperatures
Authors: Knutsen Ingrid Svihus , Erkinharju Toni , Bøgwald Jarl , Dalmo Roy A. , Seternes Tore
Published: July 2024

Studying inflammatory responses induced by vaccination can contribute to a more detailed understanding of underlying immune mechanisms in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus). Tissue samples from lumpfish intraperitoneally immunized with a divalent oil‐adjuvanted vaccine (Aeromonas salmonicida and Vibrio salmonicida) at water temperatures of 5, 10, and 15°C were collected at 630 day degrees and 18 weeks post injection. The relative amount of secretory and membrane‐bound immunoglobulin M (IgM) gene transcripts in the head kidney was determined by qPCR. Vaccine‐induced inflammatory lesions were assessed on histological sections of abdominal pancreatic/intestinal tissue from vaccinated fish in all three temperature groups. Inflammatory cells forming dense aggregations in lesions showed proliferative activity, many of which were identified as eosinophilic‐granulocyte‐like cells. IgM+ cells were scattered in inflammatory tissue dominated by connective tissue, showing no difference in numbers between lesions from fish vaccinated at 5, 10, and 15°C. Relative gene expression analysis of secretory and membrane‐bound IgM revealed low overall expression in the head kidney of vaccinated fish at both 630 day‐degrees and 18 weeks post injection. The results of this study indicate that the vaccine stimulated prolonged local inflammatory responses at the injection site, which were not influenced by temperature.
Dental care access for children in the United States
Authors: Serban Nicoleta , Ma Simin , Yu Jiaxi , Anderson Annalea , Pospichel Katrine , Solipuram Shalini R. , Tomar Scott L.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To evaluate access to dental care for children in the United States.

Methods

The study population included children in 48 states and the District of Columbia. Using multiple data sources, dental care access was estimated at the community level by matching dental care supply and demand using mathematical modeling accounting for access constraints. Outcome measures included percent‐met demand, travel distance, and percentage of underserved and unserved communities. Multiple scenarios to improve Medicaid/CHIP participation of dentists were evaluated.

Results

Medicaid‐insured and CHIP‐insured children exhibited lower access compared to those privately insured. The percent‐met demand was lower than 50% for Medicaid‐insured children and CHIP‐insured children for 42 and 34 states, respectively. Percent‐met demand was higher than 50% for private‐insured children except for Texas and West Virginia. Increasing Medicaid/CHIP participation of dentists resulted in improving access for public‐insured children. At 100% Medicaid/CHIP participation, all states exhibited different degrees of percent‐met demand increase for publicly insured children, from 7% to 46%. The percent‐met demand across all children ranged in 23.8%–82.9% under 70% participation rate versus 22%–83% under 100% participation rate. No single participation rate improved access for all children uniformly across all states.

Conclusions

This study found that dental care access was lower for children with public insurance than those with private access across all states, although states responded differently to changes in Medicaid/CHIP participation. Increasing access for children with public insurance would reduce disparities, but overall children's access to dental care would be better improved by expanding the oral health workforce.
Feeding behavior varies based upon prey defenses in the ground snake (Squamata: Serpentes: Sonora episcopa)
Authors: Gripshover N. D. , Meik J. M. , Nicholson D. J. , Cox C. L.
Published: July 2024

Predators with diverse diets can use generalized feeding behavior to consume different prey types or can alter behavior based upon the functional demands of each prey type. Prey choice and feeding behavior are especially important for limbless, gape‐limited predators, such as snakes, because the head must capture, subdue, and ingest prey. Although previous studies have described how snakes feed on dangerous prey, these studies have not compared how behaviors might vary with different prey types. We analyzed the feeding behavior of ground snakes (Sonora episcopa) that were fed scorpions, spiders, and centipedes. Ground snakes successfully consumed each prey type using different behaviors for each prey. To capture prey, snakes used the unusual behavior of pinning prey with the ventral surface of the head with a closed mouth strike before biting. Snakes grasped and envenomated scorpions in all trials, and this behavior lasted significantly longer for scorpions than for spiders. During envenomation, snakes used their body to pin the telson of the scorpion to reduce the likelihood of being stung. Rather than using body restraint to subdue spiders, the snakes often dragged spiders across the substrate with the mandible. Scorpions repeatedly pinched and stung snakes during feeding and snakes used body restraint to subdue this prey significantly more often than spiders. Our study revealed that ground snakes alter feeding behavior based upon prey defenses and use novel prey capture and handling behaviors to subdue prey, suggesting there is yet unappreciated diversity of feeding behavior in snakes allowing them to exploit dangerous arthropod prey.
Geographic representation and requests for federal funds in the U.S. senate
Authors: Kaslovsky Jaclyn , Stone Andrew R.
Published: July 2024

An essential component of a representative's job centers on deciding where to allocate scarce resources. How do legislators attempt to allocate spending across the geographic units of their constituencies, and what determines a legislator's success in securing these resources? To answer these questions, we create a new dataset of all earmark requests made by U.S. senators in the 117th Congress. This data was recently made available as part of reforms, allowing researchers to examine both requests and outcomes. We show that senators prioritize seeking earmarks for areas of their constituencies critical to their electoral success. We then match these requests to earmarks funded by the Appropriations Committee and show that a legislator's institutional standing and the behavior of their same‐state colleague—but not electoral concerns—shape whether projects are successfully funded. We provide insight into a behind‐the‐scenes aspect of representation and illuminate the strategic dynamics that shape federal spending.
‘Implicit rationing of nursing care processes’—Decision‐making in ICU nurses' experiences: A qualitative study
Authors: Fang Shuyan , Zhao Yingnan , Gao Shizheng , Sun Juanjuan , Song Dongpo , Wu Yifan , Zhong Qiqing , Sun Jiao
Published: July 2024

Background

Implicit rationing of nursing care is defined as the withholding of necessary nursing measures for patients because of a lack of nursing resources. However, no studies have explored the experience of decision‐making about implicit rationing of nursing care in an intensive care unit (ICU).

Aim

To explore the process of ICU nurses' decisions and judgement based on the conceptual framework of implicit rationing of nursing care.

Study design

A qualitative study was undertaken between June 2020 and September 2020. The data collection methods were participative observation and interview. Eighteen ICU nurses participated in interviews. A thematic analysis was performed for the data analysis.

Results

The following five themes emerged: assessment of the condition and nature of nursing and time taken; strategies for setting personal priorities; plan implementation under mitigation strategy; existing nursing in reality; evaluation of the implementation of implicit rationing care. Nurses choose different strategies during plan implementation.

Conclusions

In the absence of explicit guidelines on rationing nursing care, nurses often rely on intuitive and situational decision‐making processes for setting priorities. Given the vulnerability of ICU patients and the absence of family caregivers, nurses bear a heightened ethical responsibility to provide care. Establishing a positive nursing culture is essential. It is both reasonable and effective to organize work by accurately quantifying workload, improving staffing levels and optimizing scheduling methods. These themes align with the decision‐making process outlined in the conceptual framework and offer fresh perspectives.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Nurses have a greater responsibility to provide care in an ethical manner and to increase awareness of the importance of holistic nursing care for the patient, that is to raise awareness of the importance of care that is often missed. Nurses actively adopt strategies to reduce implicit rationing of nursing care, including teamwork, organized nursing, working overtime and ignoring quality. The findings highlight the importance of creating a positive nursing culture that encourages nurses to adopt positive strategies.
Environmental conditions differently shape leaf, seed and seedling trait composition between and within elevations of tropical montane forests
Authors: Barczyk Maciej K. , Acosta‐Rojas Diana Carolina , Iván Espinosa Carlos , Homeier Jürgen , Tinoco Boris A. , Velescu Andre , Wilcke Wolfgang , Schleuning Matthias , Neuschulz Eike Lena
Published: July 2024

The composition of plant functional traits varies in response to environmental conditions due to processes of community assembly and species sorting. However, there is a lack of understanding of how plant trait composition responds to environmental conditions at different spatial scales and across the plant life cycle. We investigated the trait composition of leaves (specific leaf area), seeds (seed mass) and seedlings (initial seedling height) across elevations and within elevations in relation to soil and light conditions in a tropical montane forest in southern Ecuador. We surveyed traits and communities of adult trees, seeds and seedlings on nine plots at three elevations (1000–3000 m a.s.l.) and calculated community‐weighted mean trait values to analyse trait variation across and within elevations. In addition, we measured two environmental factors (soil C/N ratio and canopy openness) to quantify local‐scale variation in environmental conditions within elevations. We found that community‐weighted means of specific leaf area, seed mass and initial seedling height decreased consistently with increasing elevation. Within elevations, mean trait values of trees, seeds and seedlings responded differently to local‐scale environmental conditions. Specific leaf area decreased with increasing soil C/N ratio, and initial seedling height decreased with increasing canopy openness. Seed mass was associated neither with soil nor with light conditions. Our findings show that broad‐scale and local‐scale processes differently shape the composition of leaf, seed and seedling traits in tropical forests, indicating a scale‐dependence in trait–environment associations. Furthermore, plant traits corresponding to different life stages were related differently to environmental conditions within elevations. Community assembly processes may therefore lead to differences in species sorting at early and late plant life stages.
Variations in water use efficiency and carbon and nitrogen concentrations in red heart Chinese fir
Authors: You R. , Liu Y. , Deng X. , Hu Y. , Ouyang S. , Chen L. , Xiang W. , He H.
Published: July 2024

Temperature can significantly (P < 0.05) affect plant growth by modifying water use strategies, which are determined by intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE
i). Red Heart Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is one of the most important ecological and economic plantation species in China. However, the C. lanceolata water use strategy in response to increased temperatures and uneven temporal distribution of precipitation during the growing season is rarely reported.

In a 7‐year‐old C. lanceolata plantation, differences in WUEi and C and N concentrations in different organs were analysed by anova, and the δ13C stable isotope, C, and N concentrations in stems determined at different tree heights. Stepwise regression and variance inflation factor were used to remove autocorrelated factors, and structural equation modelling was then used to explore relationships between WUEi and climate and biological factors.

WUEi differed significantly between leaf and branch at different standardized precipitation evapotranspiration indices (SPEI). WUEi and N concentration decreased with age. The highest WUEi in branches and leaves were 92.7 and 88.4 μmol·mol−1 in 2020 (SPEI = 0.00), respectively. δ13C increased with relative tree height but N concentration and C/N ratio were not affected. Air temperatures has increased in between 2014 and 2020.

WUEi and N concentration decreased with increasing branch and leaf age, but C concentration increased. SPEI significantly positively affected WUEi (P < 0.05), and WUE
i was significantly negatively related to C concentration, which is consistent with the trade‐off between C and water.
Water uptake patterns and rooting depths of Tamarix ramosissima in the coppice dunes of the Gurbantünggüt Desert, China: a stable isotope analysis
Authors: Dong Z. , Xu Y. , Liu S. , Li G. , Ye M. , Ma X. , Li S.
Published: July 2024

Tamarix ramosissima has an important role in stabilizing sand dunes in desert ecosystems. Understanding the water use strategies of T. ramosissima is essential to understand its adaptations on coppice dunes.

We utilized the stable isotopes δ2H and δ18O in soil water, groundwater, and xylem water to identify monthly differences in water sources. Additionally. we explored rooting depth using 2H2O as an artificial tracer.

In May, T. ramosissima derived 75% of its water from shallow and middle soil layers. In July, it absorbed 90% water from middle and deep soil layers. In August and September, it acquired approximately 80% of its water from deep soil layers. The labelling using 2H as an artificial tracer indicated that the root system of T. ramosissima could reach depths >500 cm in the coppice dunes. 2H absorption was observed at depths of 100, 200, 300 and 400 cm.

Soil water is the dominant water source for T. ramosissima in the coppice dunes because groundwater is at depths >30 m. The flexible water‐use strategies of T. ramosissima enable it to effectively utilize different available water sources to adapt to the arid environment. These findings improve our understanding of water uptake patterns and drought adaptation strategies of T. ramosissima in the coppice dunes of desert ecosystems.
Multiyear trajectories of stream and riparian responses to beaver dam analogs on a low‐gradient channel lacking woody riparian vegetation
Authors: Orr Matthew R. , Weber Nicholas P. , Reuter Ron J. , Herzog Skuyler P. , Broughton Heather M. , Bango Samantha
Published: July 2024

Beaver‐based restoration techniques seek to assist with the recovery of stream systems that have been damaged, degraded, or destroyed. In addition to reintroducing beaver, restoration practitioners have sought to mimic the influence of beaver dams on stream processes by building beaver dam analogs (BDAs). Stream restoration has been criticized for a lack of extended monitoring and a dearth of empirical evidence for the efficacy of BDAs. Here, we extend early and previously reported 1‐ to 2‐year monitoring of five BDAs on a low‐gradient stream lacking woody riparian vegetation to 3–6 years, depending on the parameter examined. BDAs raised groundwater near the stream and did not affect water temperatures during the duration of monitoring. Consistent with elevated groundwater levels, riparian willow cuttings grew 2.8–9.6 times more when planted near BDAs than far from BDAs, which was more than the 1.3‐ to 1.4‐fold difference after the first growing season. In contrast, a short‐term association between BDAs and willow survival disappeared in the long term. Likewise, sediment aggradation above the upstream BDA 1 year after construction reversed completely 4 years later, probably due to structural damage during high flows that could not be repaired until flows abated. Annual peak flow levels explained over 80% of the variation in the number of structures requiring annual repair. Our results suggest that BDA‐based restoration should account for both the costs of structure maintenance during project planning and the importance of long‐term monitoring during project assessment.
Mapping the relationship between regulation and innovation from an interdisciplinary perspective: A critical systematic review of the literature
Authors: Cunha Bruno Queiroz , Donadelli Flavia
Published: July 2024

A considerable amount of work has focused on “regulatory innovation” in the social sciences. This scholarship has conceptually defined certain types of regulatory changes as innovations and explored how regulation, as a policy instrument, alters the pace of technological innovation. More recently, a renewed interest for policy mixes and more dynamism in industrial innovation policies around the world has increased the demand for advanced knowledge in this area. In this article, we systematically review the literature on the innovation‐regulation interplay, documenting its evolution, the prevailing thematic areas, and overlooked topics. While the orthodox regulatory stance, modeled on economic efficiency principles, is by far the main thrust, heterodox accounts, premised on systemic and evolutionary thinking, appear as important variations. The latter have recently burgeoned with new theoretical developments promoting the idea of regulation that not only allows for, but intentionally directs innovation.
A cross‐sectional analysis of the content and quality of presurgical infant orthopedics videos on YouTube
Authors: Khader Osama , Alrubaiaan Raed , Abdunabi Farida , Gyasudeen Kabir Syed , Amir Rad Fatemah , Prasad Sabarinath
Published: July 2024

Background

Caregivers seeking additional information about Presurgical Infant Orthopedics (PSIO) may turn to online sources, but the quality of information on platforms like YouTube is uncertain.

Aim

To investigate the content and quality of PSIO videos on YouTube.

Design

YouTube videos were searched using keywords related to PSIO appliances. Videos that met the eligibility criteria (n = 52) were categorized as care provider or caregiver‐based. Engagement metrics were analyzed and quality assessments were performed by two raters using the Global Quality Score (GQS), Video Information and Quality Index (VIQI), and Medical Quality Video Evaluation Tool (MQ‐VET).

Results

Inter‐rater and intra‐rater correlations were high (r ≥0.9; p < 0.01), indicating excellent reliability. Strong correlations were observed between the GQS, VIQI, and MQ‐VET scores (r: 0.86–0.91; p < 0.01). Mean GQS (2.7 ± 1.1), VIQI (13.0 ± 4.1), and MQ‐VET (42.6 ± 12.4) scores indicated poor to moderate video quality. Most videos (73.1%) were in the care provider category and rated significantly higher (p < 0.05) in quality than the caregiver category for all three indices, but not for video engagement metrics.

Conclusion

YouTube PSIO videos are not comprehensive and lack quality. Caregivers of infants undertaking PSIO should seek advice from care providers and not rely solely on YouTube videos.
Automatic classification and grading of canine tracheal collapse on thoracic radiographs by using deep learning
Authors: Suksangvoravong Hathaiphat , Choisunirachon Nan , Tongloy Teerawat , Chuwongin Santhad , Boonsang Siridech , Kittichai Veerayuth , Thanaboonnipat Chutimon
Published: July 2024

Tracheal collapse is a chronic and progressively worsening disease; the severity of clinical symptoms experienced by affected individuals depends on the degree of airway collapse. Cutting‐edge automated tools are necessary to modernize disease screening using radiographs across various veterinary settings, such as animal clinics and hospitals. This is primarily due to the inherent challenges associated with interpreting uncertainties among veterinarians. In this study, an artificial intelligence model was developed to screen canine tracheal collapse using archived lateral cervicothoracic radiographs. This model can differentiate between a normal and collapsed trachea, ranging from early to severe degrees. The you‐only‐look‐once (YOLO) models, including YOLO v3, YOLO v4, and YOLO v4 tiny, were used to train and test data sets under the in‐house XXX platform. The results showed that the YOLO v4 tiny‐416 model had satisfactory performance in screening among the normal trachea, grade 1–2 tracheal collapse, and grade 3–4 tracheal collapse with 98.30% sensitivity, 99.20% specificity, and 98.90% accuracy. The area under the curve of the precision–recall curve was >0.8, which demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy. The intraobserver agreement between deep learning and radiologists was κ = 0.975 (P < .001), with all observers having excellent agreement (κ = 1.00, P < .001). The intraclass correlation coefficient between observers was >0.90, which represented excellent consistency. Therefore, the deep learning model can be a useful and reliable method for effective screening and classification of the degree of tracheal collapse based on routine lateral cervicothoracic radiographs.
The Empirical Study on Producer Service Industry and Economic Growth in China: Implication on Economic Integration
Authors: Chen Yinghe
Published: July 2024

This empirical study investigates the impact of China's producer services on economic growth from 1995 to 2021, using ridge regression analysis. The results demonstrate that China's producer service industry has a positive influence on economic growth. The ridge regression shows wholesale and retail trade have the most significant positive impact, followed by transportation/storage services. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the importance of producer services for China's economic integration and growth.
The SPAR Model: A New Paradigm for Multivariate Extremes: Application to Joint Distributions of Metocean Variables
Authors: Mackay E. B. L. , Murphy-Barltrop C. J. R. , Jonathan P.
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the application of a new multivariate extreme value model for the estimation of metocean variables. The model requires fewer assumptions about the forms of the marginal distributions and dependence structure compared to existing approaches, and provides a flexible and rigorous framework for modeling multivariate extremes. The method involves a transformation of variables to polar coordinates. The tail of the radial variable is then modeled using the generalized Pareto distribution, with parameters conditional on angle, providing a natural extension of univariate theory to multivariate problems. The resulting model is referred to as the semi-parametric angular-radial (SPAR) model. We consider the estimation of the joint distributions of (1) wave height and wave period, and (2) wave height and wind speed. We show that the SPAR model provides a good fit to the observations in terms of both the marginal distributions and dependence structures. The use of the SPAR model for estimating long-term extreme responses of offshore structures is discussed, using some simple response functions for floating structures and an offshore wind turbine with monopile foundation. We show that the SPAR model is able to accurately reproduce response distributions, and provides a realistic quantification of uncertainty.
Low Concentrating Photovoltaic Geometry for Retrofitting Onto European Building Stock
Authors: Parupudi Ranga Vihari , Redpath David , Singh Harjit , Jalali Mohammad Reza , Kolokotroni Maria
Published: July 2024

The most appropriate low concentrating photovoltaic (LCPV) technology suitable for European buildings located in mid-high latitudes under both maritime and continental climatic conditions has been identified as the asymmetric compound parabolic concentrator (ACPC). To date, there is no published experimental data at different latitudes on the long-term performance of these systems at these latitudes nor how location would modify the optical characteristics of deployed systems. Previous theoretical research by the authors has demonstrated the superiority of the ACPC with this additional work experimentally confirming the robustness of the design. To investigate how seasonal and locational variations affect their measured technical performance two identical ACPC-LCPVs were installed, instrumented, and monitored at two different climatic locations (Uxbridge, UK, and Vevey, Switzerland) from May 2020 to September 2020. A valid comparative performance investigation characterizing two geometrically equivalent ACPC-based LCPV systems using real-life experimental data collected is presented in this paper. Locations at higher latitudes experience greater transverse angles more frequently compared to locations nearer the equator making ACPC geometries more appropriate than symmetrical concentrator configurations for building retrofit. This is shown in this paper over a latitudinal expanse of 31.35 deg for four separate locations; Tessalit (20.19 deg N, 1.00 deg E; Mali), Timimoun (28.03 deg N, 1.65 deg E; Algeria), Uxbridge (51.54 deg N, 0.48 deg E, UK), and Vevey (46.6 deg N, 6.84 deg E, Switzerland).
Molecular beam epitaxy of Pd-Fe graded alloy films for standing spin waves control
Authors: Yanilkin Igor , Gumarov Amir , Golovchanskiy Igor , Kiiamov Airat , Gabbasov Bulat , Yusupov Roman , Tagirov Lenar
Published: July 2024

This study demonstrates capabilities of a molecular beam epitaxy method for the deposition of ferromagnetic Pd–Fe alloy thin films with variable compositions across film thickness. It is proposed as a technological route to synthesize graded magnetic materials possessing unusual physical properties. A particular approach to realize a concentration profile through temperature control of an effusion cell during deposition is described in detail. Using this technique, graded ferromagnetic films were synthesized and characterized to reveal the possibility of controlling the spectrum of standing spin waves in them. Limitations of creating Pd–Fe films magnetically profiled across the thickness are discussed, associated with the thermal inertia of effusion cells and possible phase separation.
A phase 1 open label study to assess the human mass balance and metabolite profile of
14
C-fosmanogepix, a novel Gwt-1 inhibitor in healthy male participants
Authors: Hodges Michael R. , Ople Eric , Evans Philip , Pantophlet A. J. (Andre) , Richardson Jessica , Williams Dylan , Tripathy Sakambari , Tawadrous Margaret , Jakate Abhijeet
Published: July 2024

Fosmanogepix [FMGX; active form manogepix (MGX)], a novel antifungal, is currently being studied for the treatment of invasive fungal diseases caused by
Candida
spp.,
Aspergillus
spp., and other rare molds. This Phase 1, single-dose study used
14
C-radiolabeled FMGX to determine the disposition and metabolism of FMGX. Ten healthy male participants were enrolled equally into: oral cohort {FMGX 500 mg oral + 3.1 megabecquerel [MBq, 84.0 microcurie (μCi)]
14
C} and intravenous (IV) cohort [FMGX 600 mg IV + 3.4 MBq (93.0 µCi)
14
C]. At the end of the sampling period (456 h post-dose), 90.2% of radioactivity administered was recovered (46.4% from urine; 43.8% from feces) in oral cohort (82.3% within 240 h), and 82.4% was recovered (42.5% from urine; 39.9% from feces) in IV cohort (76.2% within 264 h), indicating that FMGX elimination occurs via renal and hepatic routes. Radioactivity transformation pathways (oral and IV) indicated multiple major routes of metabolism of FMGX, mainly via MGX, and included oxidation, oxidative deamination, and conjugation. All except one key human plasma metabolite was observed in toxicity species, but its proportion (<10%) in the human area under the curve plasma samples was not of toxicological concern. No deaths, serious, or severe adverse events (AE) were reported, and there were no AE-related withdrawals. The results of this study indicated extensive metabolism of FMGX, with similar key human plasma metabolites observed in the animal studies. The elimination of FMGX was equally through renal and hepatic routes.

CLINICAL TRIALS

This study is registered with

ClinicalTrials.gov
as
NCT04804059

.
Ronapreve (REGN-CoV; casirivimab and imdevimab) reduces the viral burden and alters the pulmonary response to the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) in K18-hACE2 mice using an experimental design reflective of a treatment use case
Authors: Tatham Lee , Kipar Anja , Sharp Jo , Kijak Edyta , Herriott Joanne , Neary Megan , Box Helen , Gallardo Toledo Eduardo , Valentijn Anthony , Cox Helen , Pertinez Henry , Curley Paul , Arshad Usman , Rajoli Rajith Kumar Reddy , Rannard Steve , Stewart James P. , Owen Andrew
Published: July 2024

With some exceptions, global policymakers have recommended against the use of existing monoclonal antibodies in COVID-19 due to loss of neutralization of newer variants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Ronapreve on compartmental viral replication using paradigms for susceptible and insusceptible variants. Virological efficacy and impact on pathogenicity was assessed in K18-hACE2 mice inoculated with either the Delta or BA.1 Omicron variants. Ronapreve reduced sub-genomic viral RNA levels in lung and nasal turbinate, 4 and 6 days post-infection, for the Delta variant but not the Omicron variant. It also blocked brain infection, which is seen with high frequency in K18-hACE2 mice after Delta variant infection. At day 6, the inflammatory response to lung infection with the Delta variant was altered to a multifocal granulomatous inflammation in which the virus appeared to be confined. The current study provides evidence of an altered tissue response to SARS-CoV-2 after treatment with a monoclonal antibody combination that retains neutralization activity. These data demonstrate that experimental designs that reflect treatment use cases are achievable in animal models for monoclonal antibodies. Extreme caution should be taken when interpreting prophylactic experimental designs that may not be representative of treatment.

IMPORTANCE

Following the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, the WHO recommended against the use of Ronapreve in its COVID-19 treatment guidelines due to a lack of efficacy based on current pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic understanding. However, the continued use of Ronapreve, specifically in vulnerable patients, was advocated by some based on
in vitro
neutralization data. Here, the virological efficacy of Ronapreve was demonstrated in both the lung and brain compartments using Delta as a paradigm for a susceptible variant. Conversely, a lack of virological efficacy was demonstrated for the Omicron variant. Comparable concentrations of both monoclonal antibodies were observed in the plasma of Delta- and Omicron-infected mice. This study made use of a reliable murine model for SARS-CoV-2 infection, an experimental design reflective of treatment, and demonstrated the utility of this approach when assessing the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies.
Multistage melt/fluid modification of lithospheric mantle beneath the circum-cratonic orogenic belt: Evidence from the Tuoyun peridotite xenoliths
Authors: Bian Xiao , Su Yuping , Zheng Jianping , Wang Jian , Chen Xi , Zhou Liang , Dong Bi’an , Niu Tianyi
Published: July 2024

The juvenile and moderate refractory mantle beneath the circum-cratonic orogenic belt is traditionally believed to be hotter and thinner than the ancient refractory cratonic mantle; it is thus more unstable and subject to modification by melts/fluids. Understanding these modification processes would help to elucidate the evolution of Earth’s continents. Peridotite xenoliths carried by the Tuoyun Cenozoic lamprophyre from the southwestern Tianshan belt show evidence of widespread multistage melt/fluid modification of the unstable circum-cratonic orogenic belt mantle. Tuoyun peridotites mainly consist of moderately refractory to fertile lherzolites (Mg# in Ol: 85.5–90.7; Cr# in Sp: 12.7–26.5) and show strong mechanical modification. They can be divided into four groups (A, B, C1, and C2) based on petrography and mineral chemistry. Group A lherzolites show relatively high basaltic components (Al2O3, CaO, TiO2, and FeO) and are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and rare earth elements (REEs), which indicates melt-peridotite reaction processes at high melt/rock ratios. The high modal pyroxene content in Group A suggests that the addition of high-Si melts caused the transition from olivine to pyroxene. Group B lherzolites show high modal pyroxene but relatively depleted incompatible elements, which should be superimposed by later melt extraction. Comparatively, Group C lherzolites exhibit higher modal olivine but lower basaltic components. The clinopyroxene cores of Group C1 are characterized by high (La/Yb)N and low Ti/Eu content, negative high field strength element (HFSE) anomalies, and relatively high 87Sr/86Sr ratios (cores: 0.70331–0.70457), which suggest metasomatism by carbonatite melts originating from recycled sedimentary carbonate. The Group C1 clinopyroxene (spongy rims) and Group C2 clinopyroxene (cores and spongy rims) have positive Sr anomalies, depleted HFSEs, and spoon-shaped REE patterns, which suggest modification by evolved small-volume and volatile-rich silicate melts. In addition, the melt pockets around spinels and the reactive zones of pyroxenes near the lamprophyre reveal the recent incongruent dissolution induced by the host rock. Based on our research and previously reported geological data, we propose that the high-Si melts and carbonatite melts are the products of dehydration and partial melting of the Paleo-Asian oceanic crust, and lithospheric delamination and fracturing (e.g., the Talas-Fergana strike-slip fault) provided the opportunity for small-volume and volatile-rich silicate melts and basaltic melts to modify the peridotites. Multistage melts/fluids and the deformation process are the protagonists in the evolutionary process of the circum-cratonic lithospheric mantle, with important implications for mantle destabilization and multilayered interaction.
Supplemental Material: Using a landscape fingerprint to identify changes in fault-slip behavior
Authors: Ross Emily , Reber Jacqueline , al. et
Published: July 2024

Additional wind gap figure and extended methods.  
Supplemental Material: Spatio-temporal copper prospectivity in the American Cordillera predicted by positive-unlabeled machine learning
Authors: Alfonso Christopher P. , et al.
Published: July 2024

Data and Python code to reproduce this work can be accessed from Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8157690) and GitHub (https://github.com/cpalfonso/stellar-data-mining), respectively.