bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A follow-up study on three caries activity tests
Authors: Shi Sizhen , Deng Qing , Hayashi Yoshihiro , Yakushiji Masashi , Machida Yukio , Liang Qin
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this research was to study the efficacy of three CAT's (Dentocult SM, Dentocult LB and Dentobuff Strip) in revealing caries condition and predicting caries progress, and provide a reference for application by comparing the three tests. Oral condition and results of the three CAT's of 82 children aged 3 to 4 were recorded and followed up. The examination was checked again two years later. The caries incidence, dft and CSI data from the two examinations were analyzed statistically.The results were that each Dentocult SM degree showed significant variances in incidence rate, as did the dft and CSI results in the second examination. The dft and CSI of both examinations exhibited a high degree of statistical significance. The same may be said of the Dentocult LB findings for the two years. No noticeable variances in caries incidence rate, dft and CSI from the Dentobuff Strip test were observed in both years' study, nor was there any statistical significance drawn from the findings, except for those of the second exam. No gender differences were observed in the distribution by degree with the three CATs. The conclusion is that Dentocult SM is the best of the three tests for the diagnosis of the presence of caries and prognosis of its progress, Dentocult LB is second best, whereas the Dentobuff Strip shows no detection capability. The findings serve as an application reference.
Restoration-enamel interface with argon laser and visible light polymerization of compomer and composite resin restorations: a polarized light and scanning electron microscopic in vitro study
Authors: Hicks J. , Ellis R. , Flaitz C. , Westerman G. , Powell L.
Published: April 2015

This polarized light (PL) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) in vitro study investigated the effect of argon laser (AL) and visible light (VL) polymerization on the interfaces between compomer and composite resin restorations and the enamel cavosurfaces. Surface topography by SEM revealed a smooth transition between the restorative materials and adjacent enamel surfaces with no microspaces between the restorations and enamel surfaces. The enamel surfaces showed relatively smooth surface coatings with AL curing, compared with exposure of etched prism endings with VL curing. The restoration-enamel interface by PL showed an intimate relationship between the restorative materials and the cavosurface enamel. No differences were found between AL and VL polymerization.With the restoration-enamel interface by SEM, compomers and composite resins were adapted closely to the cavosurface enamel and tags of restorative material protruded into the adjacent cavosurface enamel. Both VL and AL polymerization of compomers and composite resin restorations in vitro produced closely adapted restorations with intimate restorationenamel interfaces. Such restoration-enamel interfaces may provide a certain degree of resistance against secondary caries formation, and this may be enhanced by the caries protective effect of argon laser irradiation.
Changes in occlusal contact area and average bite pressure during treatment of anterior crossbite in primary dentition
Authors: Yawaka Yasutaka , Hironaka Syouji , Akiyama Akemi , Matzuduka Ikuko , Takasaki Chihiro , Oguchi Haruhisa
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in functional parameters of patients with anterior crossbite in primary dentition during orthodontic treatment. Occlusal contact area (OCA), average bite pressure (ABP) and integrated occlusal load (IOL) were measured. Data obtained before the start of treatment (period A), data obtained when crossbite had improved (period B) and data obtained when the appliance had been removed (period C) were compared. OCA showed the lowest value in period B, and then gradually increased. ABP increased until period B and then declined or became constant. OCA and IOL showed significant differences in periods A and B and periods B and C (p<0.05). The results suggest that about 6 months is required for stability of the occlusion and acquisition of function in the new occlusion after improvement of crossbite.
Scleroderma: a case report of possible cause of restricted movement of the temporomandibular joint with effects on facial development
Authors: Defabianis Patrizia
Published: April 2015

Scleroderma is a rare abnormality in which fibrosis of the skin, subcutaneous tissues and muscle may occur. All forms of scleroderma are rare in childhood: the most common form is localized scleroderma. Localized scleroderma is often benign, but may cause significant deformity, if it occurs on the face or extends across joint surfaces. Structural changes may occur in the osseous tissue and result in mandibular joint restriction (pseudoankylosis) and facial and occlusal disharmonies. This article describes a case of facial linear scleroderma in a nine-year-old child and the treatment performed to minimize consequences on occlusion and face development. Available clinical data will be illustrated.
Congenital defect of maxillary primary central incisor associated with exposed pulp and gingiva: case report
Authors: Sano Tomiko , Tomizawa Mieko , Ida-Yonemochi Hiroko , Tanabe Yoshihiro , Noda Tadashi
Published: April 2015

This report describes a rare case of hypoplastic primary incisor in which the pulp was exposed at the crown portion and covered by the gingiva in a 1-year-11-month-old boy. The patient was referred to us due to swelling of his labial cervical gingiva of the maxillary right primary central incisor, and on examination, extended to the hypoplastic labial surface. Radiographically, there was a round radiolucent area on the crown including the edge. Surgical removal of the swollen gingiva revealed a large defect of the labial aspect of the incisor, showing pulpal tissue inside. The tooth was treated by vital pulpotomy. Histopathologically, the removed gingival tissue contained many pieces of dysplastic tooth elements in the lamina propria portion which should have been connected to the exposed pulp. The findings suggested that pulp exposure resulted from focal dental hypoplasia not from resorption of the tooth.
Eruption cysts: a clinical report of 24 new cases
Authors: Bodner Lipa , Goldstein Jed , Sarnat Haim
Published: April 2015

The eruption cyst (EC) occurs within the mucosa overlying a tooth that is about to erupt. In the past EC was considered a type of dentigerous cyst (DC) occuring in the soft tissues. Twenty four patients (mean age 4.44 years, range 1.0 month - 12 years) with EC were diagnosed and treated. EC was associated with natal teeth in two (8.3%) cases, with primary teeth in 10 (41.6%) cases and with permanent teeth in 12 (50%) cases. There was a gender predilection, the male to female ratio was 2:1. The primary mandibular central incisors and the permanent first molars were the most common site affected. The clinical appearance was a raised, bluish gingival mass on the alveolar ridge. The size was variable and dependent on the size and number of the associated teeth. The type of treatment provided was one of the following: no treatment (10 cases, 42%), extraction (2 cases, 8%) and marsupialization (12 cases, 50%). All surgical specimens underwent histopathologic examination. EC should be recognized as a separate entity from DC and a conservative treatment approach is recommended.
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor in the jaw: report of a case
Authors: José Martin Toranzo Fernández , Nickte-ha Salgado-García , Miguel Ángel Santos-Díaz
Published: April 2015

The neuroectodermal tumor is a malignant neoplasm of round cells originated from the neural crest. The occurrence of this tumor in head and neck is rare.A 5 month old Mexican patient with a primitive neuroectodermic tumor stage IV, in the jaw is reported.
Laser pediatric Class II composites utilizing no anesthesia
Authors: Jacboson B. , Berger J. , Kravitz R. , Ko J.
Published: April 2015

Interproximal lesions can now be restored without local anesthesia and removing unnecessary healthy tooth structure. This paper will focus on a new ultra-conservative technique in Class II composites utilizing the laser, a new technique in cavity preparation.
Evaluation of TMJ by conventional transcranial radiography and indirect digitized images to determine condylar position in primary dentition
Authors: José Pereira Luciano , Rigoldi Bonjardim Leonardo , Midori Castelo Paula , Haiter Neto Francisco , Beatriz Duarte Gavião Maria
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate temporomandibular joint radiographs of children in primary dentition, obtained by conventional transcranial radiography, indirect digitization, digitized images using 3D and brightness/contrast tools. Condyle position was also determined measuring anterior, superior and posterior joint space. The X-Ray machine GE-1000 and the head positioner Accurad 200 were used. Radiographs were digitized using a scanner with transparency and registered in Adobe Photoshop 5.0. Images were evaluated by four examiners as follows: 0 – unacceptably quality; 1 – poorly diagnostic quality; 2 – optimal visualization quality. Articular space was measured using a digital caliper.A significant difference (Sign Test) was found between conventional radiography and the remaining modalities (Conventional/ Unenhanced p<0.001; Conventional/3D p<0.001; Conventional/Brightness and Contrast p=0.017). The mean distance of anterior, superior and posterior regions was 2.2(0.5, 3.5(0.9 and 3.9(1.2mm, respectively. Conventional and brightness/contrast digitized radiographs showed higher diagnostic quality. The posterior joint space was larger than the anterior one, demonstrating anterior condylar position.
Resin bonded metal plate as a splint for fractured restored teeth: a case report
Authors: Mirfazaelian Ali
Published: April 2015

This article presents a case with traumatic tooth fracture that was treated by direct pulp capping followed by fragment restoration. The fixed parts were reinforced by resin bonded metal plates.
Six-year clinical evaluation of polyacid-modified composite resin used as fissure sealant
Authors: Pardi Vanessa , Carlos Pereira Antonio , Luiz Mialhe Fábio , de Castro Meneghim Marcelo , Maria Bovi Ambrosano Gláucia
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate retention and efficacy of polyacid-modified composite resin used as fissure sealant (Variglass V.L.C.) after six years. Three-hundred and seventy permanent first molars were sealed. After six years, 42.0% of the original group was re-examined and the sealant was found to be totally present in 3.4%, partially present in 16.2% and absent in 70.4% of the previously sealed occlusal surfaces. During the 6 years period, 9.5% of the sealed surfaces became carious, 25.0% were filled and 65.5% remained sound. Although the retention rate of the material has been very low, it appears to have prevented dental caries in 2/3 of the teeth evaluated after six years of placement.
Alveolar bone height in infraoccluded primary teeth
Authors: Mass Eliyahu , Kupietzky Ari , Maye F. , Bimstein Enrique
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this research is to describe the distance from the cemento enamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) of infra occluded primary molars and the adjacent and opposing teeth. Bitewing radiographs from 29 children (mean age 98.8 months; SD 21.2), who had infra occluded molars, were scanned and measured. The results of these measurements found that the means of the CEJ-ABC distances of the mesial and distal aspects of the infra occluded teeth were 0.78 mm (SD 0.3) and 0.94 mm (SD 0.32) respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis revealed no significant correlation between the different measurements, except when comparing the measurements in the infra occluded tooth and those of the opposing tooth. It was concluded that the CEJ-ABC values for infra occluded primary molars are shorter than normal values.The CEJ-ABC distances of the opposing and adjacent teeth to the infra occluded tooth are within normal limits.
Efficacy of a self-etching dentin primer composed of TEGMA and phenyl-P
Authors: Yoshimoto Shinichiro , Itoh Kazuo , Manabe Atsufumi , Inoue Mitsuko , Hisamitsu Hisashi , Sasa Ryuuji
Published: April 2015

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of an experimental self-etching dentin primer composed of TEGMA and phenyl-P using primary and young permanent teeth. The efficacy of the self-etching dentin primer was evaluated by measuring the wall-to-wall polymerization contraction gap width and the shear bond strength to the flat dentin surface.The contraction gap formation was prevented completely in the specimens primed with the 35 vol% TEGMA and 20% phenyl-P for 30 sec.
Long-term effects of cancer therapy on dental development: a case report
Authors: Cetiner Sedat , Alpaslan Cansu
Published: April 2015

As the prognosis of malignant conditions in children improve by cancer therapy, long-term side effects due to antineoplastic treatment may be encountered. This case report demonstrates the long-term alterations on dental development in patient who had been treated for malignant condition. Alterations were observed during radiographic control 8 years after the therapy and included short, blunted, tapered and V-shaped root malformations as well as delayed and ectopic eruptions.
Oral rehabilitation under dental general anesthesia, conscious sedation, and conventional techniques in patients affected by cerebral palsy
Authors: Loyola-Rodriguez Juan Pablo , Aguilera-Morelos Ana Alicia , Santos-Diaz Miguel Angel , Zavala-Alonso Veronica , Davila-Perez Claudia , Olvera-Delgado Honorio , Patiño-Marin Nuria , De Leon-Cobian Iris
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this report is to find the use of different alternatives for dental treatment, from general anesthesia to conventional techniques, in patients affected by cerebral palsy (CP) in a dental school setting.The sample was divided into two groups: (1) children, and (2) adolescents and young adults; 38 patients (20 female and 18 male) with diagnostic of CP were included. Risks and benefits of conscious sedation and general anesthesia were written into a consent form and these were discussed with parents or guardians of each affected patient.The mean age was 7.14 ± 2.2 years for children's group and 18.5 ± 3.06 years for adolescent and young adult group.Most children (77.3%) were classified as ASA II with a level of behavior I-II according to Frankl's scale and these patients were treated under general anesthesia (GA). For patients that were classified as of positive behavior with little necessity of dental procedures, independent of the medically compromised level, dental treatment was done with conventional techniques or with conscious sedation. Dental frequency procedures were as follows: composites, dental prophylaxis, and dental extractions in children; in adolescents and adults, important to point out is that in anterior teeth and molars endodontic treatment, and surgical procedures increased in frequency. The mixture sevoflurane-propofol worked well during pre-, peri-, and post-operative procedures. During the discharge process, most patients needed a recovery of 20-40 minutes, after which they were awake and oriented, breathing comfortably with stable vital signs. It was concluded that GA with sevoflurane-propofol and conscious sedation are an excellent tool to provide dental treatment in CP patients in a dental school setting without most of the major postoperative complications, such as nausea and vomiting.
Skeletal and occlusal characteristics in mouth-breathing pre-school children
Authors: Mattar Sara Elisa , Anselmo-Lima Wilma , Valera Fabiana , Matsumoto Mirian
Published: April 2015

This study verified the influence of chronic mouth breathing on dentofacial growth and developmental in pre-school children.The study evaluated 73 children, both sexes, ranging from 3 to 6 years of age.After the otorhinolaryngological breathing diagnosis, 44 mouth-breathing children and 29 nasal-breathing children were compared according to facial and occlusal characteristics. The skeletal pattern measurements SN.GoGn,BaN.PtGn,PP.PM,Ar-Go, S-Go indicated a tendency to mouth-breathing children presenting a dolicofacial pattern. According to occlusal characteristics, only the intermolar distance showed a significant correlation with a narrow maxillary arch in mouth-breathing subjects. Based on the results of this study, mouth-breathing can influence craniofacial and occlusal development early in childhood.
Tuberous sclerosis: a case report
Authors: Girish Babu K. , Rai Kavitha , Hegde Amitha
Published: April 2015

A case of tuberous sclerosis (TS) with classic triad of seizures, mental deficiency and angiofibromas is presented. The child also presented with self-mutilating behavior, which resulted in the fracture of her anterior teeth. A comprehensive treatment was rendered to the patient under general anesthesia and a mouth guard was given to prevent further trauma to the teeth.
Treatment options for the occlusal surface of first permanent molars
Authors: Duque Cristiane , Silva Renata Cristiane da , Santos-Pinto Lourdes dos
Published: April 2015

Restorative dentistry has been increasingly concerned with preservation of the dental structure. For that reason, ultraconservative cavity preparations have been performed with air abrasion systems. The aim of this study was to present treatment options for the occlusal surface of first permanent molars with employment of the conventional method and the air abrasion system for accomplishment of the cavity preparation and a composite occlusal matrix for an accurate reproduction of the tooth surface.
Electromyographic activity of perioral muscle in breastfed and non-breastfed children
Authors: Jacinto-Gonçalves Suzane Rodrigues , Gavião Maria Beatriz Duarte , Berzin Fausto , Oliveira Anamaria Siriani de , Semeguini Tatiana Adamov
Published: April 2015

The objective was to verify the electrical activity of the Mm. orbicularis oris and mentalis during suction of different liquids in breastfed and non-breastfed children from 2.5-3.5 years old. It was used a signal conditioner (MCS-V2-Lynx Eletrônica Ltda, SP, BR) and Beckman Ag-AgCl bipolar surface electrodes. Breastfed children presented higher activity for mentalis and smaller values for the M. orbicular oris than non-breastfed children, suggesting the existence of different profiles of muscle activation between them.
A vacuum-formed splint for luxated tooth with a repositioning on the model
Authors: Horie Norio , Shimoyama T. , Nama Y. , Nasu D. , Kaneko T.
Published: April 2015

The results of fixation of a luxated tooth using a vacuum-formed splint, formed on a plaster model after repositioning of the luxated tooth on the model are presented. This may be useful where the adjacent tooth gap is wide or only minimal anchorage and support are available from the adjacent teeth.

J Clin Pediatr Dent 29(2): 123-126, 2005
Dental abnormalities of a long-term survivor of a childhood hematological malignancy
Authors: Raja Zarina R.S , Nik-Hussein N.N.
Published: April 2015

The treatment of haematological malignancy is multimodal and involves chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or bone marrow transplants. With the advancement in cancer therapy, there is an increase in the survival of many children with childhood haematological malignancy. In addition, the late effect of the oncology treatment to the orofacial and dental development becomes significant in terms of the potential clinical impact that may affect the quality of life of the survivor. The severity of the long-term effects is dependent on the age of the child at initiation of treatment and whether chemotherapy is combined with radiation or not. The dental treatment may become more complex if the patient requires advanced restorative dental care and the roots malformation may complicate orthodontic treatment. Therefore these patients may require a scheduled careful preventive programme, long-term follow up, with prophylactic treatment and intervention at appropriate time to minimize the consequences of the disease and the given therapy.

J Clin Pediatr Dent 29(2): 167-174, 2005
Tooth loss and subluxation in the primary dentition
Authors: Correa Maria Salete Nahas Pires , Peixoto Luciana Faria Sanglard , Zardetto Cristina Giovanetti Del Conde , Correa Fernanda Nahas Pires , Rodrigues Celia Regina Martins Delgado
Published: April 2015

The case of a five-year-old child is reported, who suffered dentoalveolar injury including subluxation of the right upper lateral incisor and avulsion of the upper central incisors and left upper lateral incisor and laceration in the mucosa. The case was followed for 12 years until complete root formation and alignment of the anterior permanent teeth.

J Clin Pediatr Dent 29(2): 127-132, 2005
Eruption sequestrum: x-ray microanalysis and microscopic findings
Authors: Maki K. , Ansai T. , Nishida I. , Zhang M. , Kojima Y. , Takehara T. , Kimura M.
Published: April 2015

A 12 year-old girl with eruption sequestrum of the mandibular left second molars is reported. Intraoral findings revealed that a small hard tissue fragment white in color and with bone-like hardness on the occlusal surface of the mandibular second molar which was erupting. Histopathologically, the fragments consisted of necrotized cortical bone. Chronic inflammatory alterations were also observed in the gingiva in the area of contact with the osseous tissue. X-ray microanalyzer findings revealed the percentages of calcium and phosphorous (by weight) as 78.41% and 21.59%, respectively, for a calcium to phosphorous ratio of 3.63, which was higher than that seen in normal osseous tissue.
Intraoral papillary endothelial hyperplasia: case discussion with supportive histochemistry and immunohistochemistry
Authors: Raghu A. , Tandon S. , Rao N. , Singh R. , Rekha V.
Published: April 2015

An intraoral mass of eight months duration in a six year-old girl was diagnosed as papillary endothelial hyperplasia. Histologically, the tissue was characterized by the unusual endothelial cell proliferation, which is significant, as papillary endothelial hyperplasia resembles angiosarcoma and possible over-treatment thereafter. Clarification of this unusual lesion based on histological findings with supportive histochemical staining and immunohistochemistry in the light of clinico-pathological correlation is discussed. This lesion warrants better documentation of the clinical behavior with regular monitoring.
Evaluation of fissure sealant applied to topical fluoride treated teeth
Authors: El-Housseiny Azza , Sharaf Aly
Published: April 2015

Fissure sealant is an important tool in the prevention of dental caries. This study evaluated the effect of treating the enamel with topical fluoride gel prior to acid etching on sealant retention clinically (Part I) and in vitro (Part II). In part I a split mouth design using contralateral first permanent molars was conducted. Seventy (35 pairs) molars were sealed. Fissure sealant was applied on one side of the mouth (control group) and the contralateral tooth received acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (test group) prior to acid etching. The sealant was evaluated after 6 and 12 months and scored as intact, partially lost or completely missing.

In part II, the shear bond strength between sealant and buccal enamel of extracted permanent molars without or with topical fluoride treatment was evaluated. Results showed no statistically significant differences between the test and control groups either clinically or in vitro. It is concluded that topical fluoride application prior to acid etching does not have a deleterious effect on sealant retention. However, further investigations should be conducted using different types of fluoride before altering the traditional practices.
Evaluation of the midpalatal suture during rapid palatal expansion in children: a CT study
Authors: Gabriel da Silva Filho Omar , Silva Lara Tulio , Malagodi de Almeida Araci , Cristina da Silva Helena
Published: April 2015

The midpalatal suture of 18 children submitted to rapid palatal expansion with the Haas fixed expander and ranging in age from 5 years 2 months to 10 years 5 months was evaluated with computerized tomography. The posterior nasal spine undergoes the impact of RPE in patients in the primary and mixed dentition stages, similarly to the anterior nasal spine though to a lesser extent. The average opening of the midpalatal suture was 2.21 mm in the anterior nasal spine region and 0.95 mm in the posterior nasal spine region.
Orthopedic approach in the treatment of a skeletal class II division 1 malocclusion with an anterior open bite
Authors: Al-Sulaiti N. , White G.
Published: April 2015

The patient presented with it skeletal class II malocclusion characterized by an anterior open bite and maxillary midline deviation. This mixed dentition case was treated orthopedically with MRI appliance to rotate and impact the maxilla. A Bionator was used advance the mandible. The case was completed using Occlus-O-Guide. The result showed that the facial bones and teeth appear in the correct position.
An alternative aesthetic restoration for extensive coronal destruction in primary molars: indirect restorative technique with composite resin
Authors: Serra Rabêlo Rita Tereza , Caldo-Teixeira Angela Scarparo , Puppin-Rontani Regina Maria
Published: April 2015

The indirect restorative technique with composite resin has presented efficient results when used in primary teeth. This technique enables the oral rehabilitation. Based on the results presented in the literature concerning clinical performance, this technique is presented as an alternative treatment to the primary teeth with extensive decay by showing a case of rehabilitation of primary molars. The oral rehabilitation using indirect resin composite restoration showed an important concept to be applied in primary dentition due to feasible, low cost, and lower chairside time.
An in vitro evaluation of microleakage in class I preparations using 5th, 6th and 7th generation composite bonding agents
Authors: Kallenos Theodosis , Al-Badawi Emad , White G.
Published: April 2015

The intent of this study was to evaluate microleakage of newer generations of dentinal bonding systems of Class I restorations filled with the same resin based composites. Eighty extracted human premolar and molar teeth were randomly assigned to four groups for bonding: the 5th generation bonding system (Optibond Solo), the 6th generation bonding system (Prompt-L-Pop) and the 7th generation bonding system (iBond), and a control group that was used with no dentinal bonding system. Cavities were prepared 3mm in width, 2mm in depth and 2mm in length. Margins of the cavities were chamfered using a high-speed hand piece with water spray and a #1/2 round diamond bur. The cavities were restored with resin based composites after the application of the dentinal bonding systems according to the instructions of the manufacturer. Upon drying of the teeth, two coats of nail varnish were applied covering the surface of the tooth, excluding the tooth-restoration interface. Samples were thermocycled and immersed in methylene blue dye (0.05%). Each sample was sectioned with an Isomet and evaluated, for microleakage using light microscopy under a measuring microscope at 50x magnification

Statitical significance was determined using the Chi-Square Test. Among the three dentinal adhesive systems used in this study the 5th generation outperformed both the 6th and 7th generation bonding systems.
Effect of psychological management techniques on specific item score change during the management of dental fear in children
Authors: Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Fatusi Adesegun
Published: April 2015

The aim of the study is to determine how specific fear inducing items contribute to the overall dental fear level in Nigerian children. In addition, it looks at the specific changes that psychological management produces on each item and how variables like age, gender and type of treatment received contribute to these specific changes observed. The dental fear level of 75 children, who were attending the dental clinic for the first time were assessed pre and post-treatment using the short form of the dental subscale of the child fear survey schedule. During treatment, the children were managed using various forms of psychological management strategies. The effect of age and the gender of the children on the dental fear level were analyzed. The effect of the type of treatment received, categorized into either invasive or non-invasive, on the dental fear level was also determined. Results showed that with the use of psychological management strategies, dental fear level of the children decreased significantly post treatment (13.45 vs 12.59; p=0.009). However, no statistically significant difference was noted in the dental fear scores based on age, gender and type of treatment received. On the other hand, the aggregate scores for each of the possible fear inducing items highlighted in the psychometric scale varied and so did the effectiveness of psychological techniques in significantly reducing dental fear scores for each of the items. Age, gender and type of treatment did have significant effect on the fear level changes that occur with specific items. It was concluded that although a significant change occurred in the dental fear level score of the child post management with psychological techniques, this does not necessarily translate to significant changes in the scores for each fear inducing item assessed by the psychometric scale. Age, gender and the type of treatment the child received also influence the change that could occur for each item. The dental fear level of the children decreased significantly post treatment (13.45 vs 12.59; p=0.009).
Root resorption in deciduous teeth after applying orthodontic forces
Authors: Fiore Aguilar A. , Aquila A. , Ubios A.
Published: April 2015

The relation between orthodontic forces applied to deciduous teeth and the occurrence of root resorption, as a possible outcome of these forces, has not been studied to date. The aim of this work was to study root resorption in deciduous teeth of patients receiving orthodontic treatment. Twenty-four deciduous molars extracted for therapeutic purposes were studied: nineteen molars treated with light orthodontic forces and five untreated molars that served as control. Histological and histomorphometric studies were performed to determine the magnitude of root resorption. Location of root resorption in treated deciduous teeth was different from that of physiological root resorption. Extent and volume of root resorption were more extensive and deeper in treated than in untreated teeth. These results suggest that radiographic follow-up of deciduous teeth subjected to orthodontic forces would be useful to prevent root fractures.
Lower mesiodens: report of an unusual case
Authors: Alencar Marilia , Duarte Danilo , Cury Patricia , Bönecker Marcelo
Published: April 2015

This report describes a case of an 11 years old girl presenting a supernumerary tooth between lower central incisors. The case initially required only surgical treatment to remove the lower mesiodens. Sequentially, the patient was referred to an orthodontic therapy due to a presence of diastema.
The effectiveness of three oral health indicators in monitoring a Program (OHPP)
Authors: Valle Sigmaringa Daniella Della , de Carvalho Vianna Roberto Braga , Lavigne Paranhos Quintanilha Luís Eduardo , de Abreu Fernanda Volpe
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of three oral health indicators in monitoring a Program, compare them with each other and select the most indicated in epidemiological surveys.A dental plaque index, interdental bleeding index, and saliva test were used to evaluate 325 children (6.1 to 11.3 years-old). The results indicated a decrease in all indexes (p<0.001). The indicators were effective although the saliva test was simpler and faster than the other indexes..
Caries Experience Associated with Attention – Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Todd Grooms Michael , Ann Keels Martha , Roberts Michael , McIver F. Thomas
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine whether children with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) had a total caries experience that was equivalent to children without the disorder.

Methods: The test sample included children ages 6 to 10 years old diagnosed with ADHD by physicians at Duke University Medical Center. The control group also included healthy children 6 to 10 years old without the diagnosis of ADHD.A visual dental exam for caries was performed and a sample of whole, unstimulated saliva was collected. The parent / guardian of each participant completed a health/medication history and a questionnaire concerning the child's oral health and habits, daily routine, and demographic information.

Results: Wilcoxon and chi-square tests showed that children with ADHD have significantly more enamel caries in the primary and permanent dentitions and a significantly higher prevalence of total caries experience when compared to controls. There was no significant difference in whole saliva production between the ADHD children and the controls.

Conclusions: Dentists should be aware that children with ADHD are at higher risk for caries.
Focal dermal hypoplasia: oral and dental findings
Authors: Tejani Zahra , Batra Puneet , Mason Carol , Atherton David
Published: April 2015

Focal Dermal Hypoplasia/Goltz Gorlin syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by widespread dysplasia affecting tissues of mesodermal and ectodermal origin with cutaneous, osseous, ocular, oral and dental defects. Enamel hypoplasia is the most commonly reported dental manifestation and has recently been described as a possible manifestation of Lyonisation. This article reviews the reported dental findings and reports a new case with typical findings of focal dermal hypoplasia, which has been under review on our department for 10 years. It discusses the differential diagnosis as well as newer concepts of aetiology and pathogenesis in relation to dental anomalies.

Enamel hypoplasia may make plaque control difficult, resulting in generalized gingivitis. Hand anomalies may limit dexterity and exacerbate this. From the dental standpoint we emphasize the implementation of timely preventive and/or therapeutic strategies. Since there are periods of exacerbation during the course of this syndrome, regular surveillance from an early age with the frequency of visits increasing during and after adolescence is indicated. The role of the dentist in improving aesthetics and function can have tremendous psychological impact to enhance self-esteem of such patients.
Oral-clinical findings and management of epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Namdar Pekiner Filiz , Yücelten Deniz , Özbayrak Semih , Sezen Emine
Published: April 2015

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a diverse group of disorders that have as a common feature blister formation with tissue occuring at variable depths in the skin and/or mucosa. This article reports two cases of EB and review oral- clinical findings of the EB types and approaches for managing the oral- clinical manifestations. While systemic treatment remains primarily palliative, it is possible to prevent destruction and subsequent loss of the dentition through appropriate interventions and dental therapy.
Comparison of Three Topical Fluorides Using Computer Imaging
Authors: Khattak Muhammad Faisal , Conry John Patrick , Ko Ching-Chang
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the short and long-term effectiveness of fluoride varnish and compare it with the two most commonly used topical fluorides, i.e., fluoride gel and foam.A second purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of these preparations on primary and permanent teeth. Enamel slabs with a thickness of 500 microns were obtained from caries free primary molars and premolars. They were divided into four groups: control, foam (F), gel (G) and varnish (V). Fluorides were applied to the enamel slabs according to the manufacturer's instructions and were placed in a 5.1 pH acidic gel for one week. The amount of demineralization from the enamel was measured by calculating the amount of light reflected from these surfaces. This was done by using a Charged Couple Device attached to a high resolution microscope with image processing software, Optima 5.22. The enamel slabs were placed in a freshly prepared acidic gel for a second week without application of fluorides. This was done to mimic a situation where fluoride is eventually brushed away from teeth. Reflective images were recorded under the previously described conditions. A two-way analysis of covariance was used to compare the treatments. The results showed no statistically significant difference (with Bonferroni correction) in the effectiveness of different fluoride preparations over the short-term (Week I comparison; p-values: F vs. G 0.079, F vs.V 0.030, G vs.V 0.44). However, the long-term protection provided by fluoride varnish was far more than fluoride gel and foam (Week II comparison; p-values: F vs. G 9X10-5 , F vs.V 7X10-8, G vs.V 1X10-4). Fluorides were equally effective for both primary and permanent enamels (p-value 0.24). The results of this study suggest that fluoride varnish is beneficial for use with white spot lesions, newly erupted permanent teeth and early decalcification in primary dentition.
A field trial on semi-annual fluoride varnish applications among the special needs schoolchildren
Authors: Ibricevic H , Honkala S , Honkala E , Al-Quraini W
Published: April 2015

This study assessed cariostatic effect of one fluoride varnish Duraphat® among children with a low caries risk and compared this effect to group of a moderate caries risk, belonging to same ethnic group with same socioeconomic background. Results of this study showed that fluoride varnish had cariostatic effect in a group of children with a moderate caries risk but not among those with a low caries risk.
Maxillary first permanent molar impaction. A conservative treatment approach
Authors: Deon Rizzatto Susana Maria , de Menezes Luciane Macedo , Neiva Nunes do Rego Marcus Vinicius , Thiesen Guilherme , de Araujo Vanessa Pereira , Mota Freitas Maria Perpétua
Published: April 2015

The objective of this clinical case is to suggest a treatment approach for impaction of the maxillary first permanent molars. This approach allows access to the partially erupted tooth for orthodontic bonding and utilization of loops for distalization. An important detail is the non inclusion of the primary second molar in the orthodontic mechanics, in order to reduce the risk of early loss and preserve this tooth until exfoliation.
Odontomas in pediatric dentistry: report of two cases
Authors: Botazzo Delbem Alberto Carlos , Cunha Robson Frederico , Bianco Karina Gerhardt , Afonso Rebeca Lima , Gonçalves Tais Carneiro
Published: April 2015

Odontomas are developmental disturbances which manifest in the form of denticles or amorphous informes masses comprising all dental tissues, especially enamel and dentin, with variable amounts of pulp and cement.We describe here two clinical cases of odontomas in children, focusing on diagnostic means and the importance of early treatment of these lesions. The standard treatment for the two present cases was surgical removal.
Caries removal with Carisolv system: Criteria evaluation and microleakage test
Authors: Yamada Yoshishige , Kimura Yuichi , Hossain Mozammal , Kinoshita Jun-ichro , Shimizu Yuko , Matsumoto Koukichi
Published: April 2015

In the present study, cavities prepared by Carisolv were verified as being caries-free by two methods; by conventional visual and tactile criteria, and by DIAGNOdent. The results indicate that in the dental clinic, the efficiency of complete carious dentin removal with Carisolv is no longer difficult when a proper clinical guide is used. Furthermore, treatment of dentin surfaces with Carisolv is capable of decreasing marginal microleakage after composite resin restorations.
Restorative Treatment on Class I and II Restorations in Primary Molars: A Survey of Brazilian Dental Schools
Authors: Motisuki Cristiane , Lima Luciana Monti , Santos-Pinto Lourdes dos , Guelmann Márcio
Published: April 2015

A survey was sent to 70 Brazilian dental schools evaluating techniques and restorative materials being taught for Class I and II preparation in posterior primary teeth by Pediatric Dentistry courses. After a 54% response rate, marked teaching diversity was found among Brazilian dental schools. Amalgam continues to be taught, but a tendency of preference towards more esthetic-like materials was observed.
Archform in Cleft Palate – A Computerized Tomographic Classification
Authors: Pandey S. , Pandey R. , Bhatnagar S. , Pradhan K. , Pradhan R. , Chandra Satish
Published: April 2015

This prospective study was conducted in King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India amongst fifty cleft lip and palate cases to study the various archforms. The maxillary arch form was traced from Computer Tomograph sections of all the cases pre and post-operatively. The various patterns of arch forms as observed from CT tracings exhibiting U & V shaped with sub-types denominated as posteriorly – convergent (c), divergent (d) and parallel (p). This simplified classification can be used in pediatric dentistry practice.
The effectiveness of two antibacterial regimens on salivary Mutans Streptococci and Lactobacilli in children.
Authors: El-Housseiny Azza , Farsi Najat
Published: April 2015

This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effect of the topical use of an iodine agent on the salivary mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB) and compare it with the professionally applied topical fluoride. The study included 54 children with high caries activity. Children received one application of topical fluoride gel (APF) then they were divided into two groups. In group I, twenty seven patients received topical application of fluoride gel weekly for 4 weeks followed by one application of fluoride gel every 3 months for one year. For group II, 10% povidone iodine was carried out weekly for 4 weeks for 27 patients followed by alternative applications of fluoride gel or povidone iodine every 3 months for one year. Bacteriological evaluation was done at base line, after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Saliva samples were grown on selective culture media. The differences between the two groups were evaluated at the end of the study. Drop out of patients was reported throughout the different evaluation periods. The results were evaluated statistically and showed no statistical significant difference between the two groups. It is concluded that iodine solution reduced the number of caries related microorganisms as compared to the base line. Antimicrobial approaches need more studies to confirm the findings and optimize the regimens.
Bleaching non vital primary teeth: case report
Authors: Kalil Bussadori Sandra , Roth Faynna , Cardoso Guedes Carolina , Porta Fernandes Kristiane , Martins Domingues Manoela , Turolla Wanderley Márcia
Published: April 2015

Trauma and pulpal infections in primary dentition are part of the routine of the pediatric dentist. Common consequences in these cases are alterations in dental color, compromising patient's esthetics and his interaction in social environment. Bleaching intends to preserve dental structure already weakened and to show immediate esthetic results. This clinical case shows a bleaching technique in devitalized primary teeth using bleaching agent with 35% hydrogen peroxide activated by photo polymerizer.This technique is simple and shows immediate satisfactory results.
Early childhood caries (ECC): a preventive-conservative treatment mode during a 12-month period.
Authors: Peretz Benjamin , Gluck George
Published: April 2015

Purpose: to evaluate a preventive treatment mode for early childhood caries (ECC).

Population and methods: The population to be studied included 30 children who, over a 12-month period, presented with ECC to a private dental clinic. Parents preferred non-invasive, preventive treatment over restorations. Parents were given hygiene and proper feeding instructions. Mesial slicing was performed where proximal caries was observed. Children were examined once every two months. They received supervised professional topical fluoride treatment. Plaque level, brushing, stopping the bottle, eating sweets, appearance of new lesions or exacerbation of existing condition were observed and recorded.

Results: in the vast majority of patients, the progression of ECC was arrested after the preventive regimen. Three children required restorations. They had failed to limit sugar consumption and to comply with brushing instruction. General improvement was observed in plaque control, brushing habits and sweets consumption.

Conclusion: preventive measures may successfully arrest ECC and thereby avoid invasive procedures as well as the need of anesthesia.
Giant cell fibroma: a case report
Authors: Minatel Braga Mariana , Carvalho Ana Lúcia , Vasconcelos Maria Cibele , Henrique Braz-Silva Paulo , Luiz Pinheiro Sérgio
Published: April 2015

This article describes a case of giant cell fibroma in a 3-year-old boy, which is an uncommon age for this lesion. The cause of this pathology has not been determined. The lesion was excised by electro surgery and submitted to a histological exam, which confirmed the diagnosis. No recurrence was observed. Pediatric dentists should be capable to diagnose and treat this kind of lesion despite this lesion being an unusual pathology among children.
The Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in tooth, tongue and buccal mucosa plaques in children, using immunoslot blot assay(IBA)
Authors: Tanaka Shoji , Minami Maki , Murakami Yukio , Ogiwara Takako , Seto Kazuhito , Shoji Masao , Hirata Atushi , Abe Sinnosuke , Watanabe Sigeru , Fujisawa Seiichiro
Published: April 2015

The present study was to investigate the distribution of typical periodontpathic bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) in tooth, tongue and buccal mucosa plaques in 3 to 17 Year old children. Clinical parameters (Rates of df, d, DMF, and D; plaque and gingival index) for each subject were determined prior to the collection of each site plaque. Three periodontopathic bacteria on each site samples were detected using IBA. The frequency of three bacteria for tooth plaque was higher than that for tongue or buccal mucosa plaque. The frequency of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in supragingival plaques was significantly higher than that of corresponding ones in tongue or buccal mucosa plaques. The three bacteria also occurred more frequently in subjects aged between 10 and 14 years. Periodontopathic bacteria may be enhanced in circumpubertal children.
Human enamel veneer restoration: an alternative technique to restore anterior primary teeth
Authors: Oliveira Luciana Butini , Tamay Tereza Keiko , Machado Oliveira Marta Dutra , Delgado Rodrigues Célia Regina Martins , Wanderley Marcia Turolla
Published: April 2015

Restoration of severely decayed primary teeth is a clinical challenge in Pediatric Dentistry. Among the restorative treatment options, the use of prefabricated crowns and resin composite restorations, either by means of direct or indirect techniques is mentioned in the literature. The purpose of this article is to describe the rehabilitation of primary anterior teeth in a 5-year-old patient. Dental treatment consisted on an anterior space maintainer prosthesis made with natural primary teeth, plus human dental enamel veneer (facet) restorations. The advantages of this technique are better esthetics and the natural enamel has physiologic wear and offers superficial smoothness and cervical adaptation compatible with those of the surrounding teeth.