bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Player Load Associated With Typical Activities in Elite Netball
Authors: Bailey Jared A. , Gastin Paul B. , Mackey Luke , Dwyer Dan B.
Published: February 2017

Context:

Most previous investigations of player load in netball have used subjective methodologies, with few using objective methodologies. While all studies report differences in player activities or total load between playing positions, it is unclear how the differences in player activity explain differences in positional load.

Purpose:

To objectively quantify the load associated with typical activities for all positions in elite netball.

Methods:

The player load of all playing positions in an elite netball team was measured during matches using wearable accelerometers. Video recordings of the matches were also analyzed to record the start time and duration of 13 commonly reported netball activities. The load associated with each activity was determined by time-aligning both data sets (load and activity).

Results:

Off-ball guarding produced the highest player load per instance, while jogging produced the greatest player load per match. Nonlocomotor activities contributed least to total match load for attacking positions (goal shooter [GS], goal attack [GA], and wing attack [WA]) and most for defending positions (goalkeeper [GK], goal defense [GD], and wing defense [WD]). Specifically, centers (Cs) produced the greatest jogging load, WA and WD accumulated the greatest running load, and GS and WA accumulated the greatest shuffling load. WD and Cs accumulated the greatest guarding load, while WD and GK accumulated the greatest off-ball guarding load.

Conclusions:

All positions exhibited different contributions from locomotor and nonlocomotor activities toward total match load. In addition, the same activity can have different contributions toward total match load, depending on the position. This has implications for future design and implementation of position-specific training programs.
Influence of Knowledge of Task Endpoint on Pacing and Performance During Simulated Rugby League Match Play
Authors: Highton Jamie , Mullen Thomas , Twist Craig
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

To examine the influence of knowledge of exercise duration on pacing and performance during simulated rugby league match play.

Methods:

Thirteen male university rugby players completed 3 simulated rugby league matches (RLMSP-i) on separate days in a random order. In a control trial, participants were informed that they would be performing 2 × 23-min bouts (separated by 20 min) of the RLMSP-i (CON). In a second trial, participants were informed that they would be performing 1 × 23-min bout of the protocol but were then asked to perform another 23-min bout (DEC). In a third trial, participants were not informed of the exercise duration and performed 2 × 23-min bouts (UN).

Results:

Distance covered and high-intensity running were higher in CON (4813 ± 167 m, 26 ± 4.1 m/min) than DEC (4764 ± 112 m, 25.2 ± 2.8 m/min) and UN (4744 ± 131 m, 24.4 m/min). Compared with CON, high-intensity running and peak speed were typically higher for DEC in bout 1 and lower in bout 2 of the RLMSP-i, while UN was generally lower throughout. Similarly, DEC resulted in an increased heart rate, blood lactate, and rating of perceived exertion than CON in bout 1, whereas these variables were lower throughout the protocol in UN.

Conclusions:

Pacing and performance during simulated rugby league match play depend on an accurate understanding of the exercise endpoint. Applied practitioners should consider informing players of their likely exercise duration to maximize running.
Validity of Various Methods for Determining Velocity, Force, and Power in the Back Squat
Authors: Banyard Harry G. , Nosaka Ken , Sato Kimitake , Haff G. Gregory
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

To examine the validity of 2 kinematic systems for assessing mean velocity (MV), peak velocity (PV), mean force (MF), peak force (PF), mean power (MP), and peak power (PP) during the full-depth free-weight back squat performed with maximal concentric effort.

Methods:

Ten strength-trained men (26.1 ± 3.0 y, 1.81 ± 0.07 m, 82.0 ± 10.6 kg) performed three 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) trials on 3 separate days, encompassing lifts performed at 6 relative intensities including 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 90%, and 100% of 1RM. Each repetition was simultaneously recorded by a PUSH band and commercial linear position transducer (LPT) (GymAware [GYM]) and compared with measurements collected by a laboratory-based testing device consisting of 4 LPTs and a force plate.

Results:

Trials 2 and 3 were used for validity analyses. Combining all 120 repetitions indicated that the GYM was highly valid for assessing all criterion variables while the PUSH was only highly valid for estimations of PF (r = .94, CV = 5.4%, ES = 0.28, SEE = 135.5 N). At each relative intensity, the GYM was highly valid for assessing all criterion variables except for PP at 20% (ES = 0.81) and 40% (ES = 0.67) of 1RM. Moreover, the PUSH was only able to accurately estimate PF across all relative intensities (r = .92–.98, CV = 4.0–8.3%, ES = 0.04–0.26, SEE = 79.8–213.1 N).

Conclusions:

PUSH accuracy for determining MV, PV, MF, MP, and PP across all 6 relative intensities was questionable for the back squat, yet the GYM was highly valid at assessing all criterion variables, with some caution given to estimations of MP and PP performed at lighter loads.
Influence of a Full-Body Compression Suit on Trunk Positioning and Knee Joint Mechanics During Lateral Movements
Authors: Mornieux Guillaume , Weltin Elmar , Pauls Monika , Rott Franz , Gollhofer Albert
Published: February 2017

Trunk positioning has been shown to be associated with knee joint loading during athletic tasks, especially changes of direction. The purpose of the present study was to test whether a full-body compression suit (FBCS) would improve trunk positioning and knee joint control during lateral movements. Twelve female athletes performed lateral reactive jumps (LRJ) and unanticipated cuttings with and without the customized FBCS, while 3D kinematics and kinetics were measured. FBCS did not influence trunk positioning during LRJ and led to increased trunk lateral lean during cuttings (P < .001). However, while wearing FBCS, knee joint abduction and internal rotation angles were reduced during LRJ (P < .001 and P = .013, respectively), whereas knee joint moments were comparable during cuttings. FBCS cannot support the trunk segment during unanticipated dynamic movements. But, increased trunk lateral lean during cutting maneuvers was not high enough to elicit increased knee joint moments. On the contrary, knee joint abduction and internal rotation were reduced during LRJ, speaking for a better knee joint alignment with FBCS. Athletes seeking to improve trunk positioning may not benefit from a FBCS.
Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Healthcare Expenditures Related to Arterial Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Older Adults: SABE Study
Authors: Bueno Denise Rodrigues , Marucci Maria de Fátima Nunes , Rosa Clara Suemi da Costa , Fernandes Rômulo Araújo , de Oliveira Duarte Yeda Aparecida , Lebão Maria Lucia
Published: February 2017

Research using questionnaires has shown that physical activity level (PAL) is associated with healthcare costs. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between objectively measured PAL and healthcare costs among hypertensive and diabetic noninstitutionalized Brazilian older people. The method consisted of a cross-sectional study forming part of the SABE Study, composed of 377 older people interviewed in 2010. Expenditures were estimated taking into account self-reported medicine prescription, outpatient service, and hospitalizations, with the highest quartile of expenditures considered as a risk category. PAL was estimated using an Actigraph accelerometer. Associations were expressed as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for covariates. Overall expenditures were higher in the sedentary group. The insufficiently active group presented greater odds for higher total, outpatient, and hospitalization expenditure. It was concluded that healthcare expenditures were lower in more active hypertensive and diabetic older people. The promotion of physical activity could be relevant in the attenuation of the burden of chronic diseases in economic losses.
High Volume Exercise Training in Older Athletes Influences Inflammatory and Redox Responses to Acute Exercise
Authors: Estrela André L. , Zaparte Aline , da Silva Jeferson D. , Moreira José Cláudio , Turner James E. , Bauer Moisés E.
Published: February 2017

To examine whether the volume of previous exercise training in older athletes influences inflammatory, redox, and hormonal profiles, 40 trained marathon runners were divided into higher-volume (HVG, ∼480 min/week) and lower-volume groups (LVG, ∼240 min/week). Plasma inflammatory proteins, redox biomarkers, salivary testosterone, and cortisol were assessed at restand following two maximal acute exercise bouts. At rest, the LVG exhibited higher CRP, higher protein carbonyls, and lower SOD activity compared to the HVG (p’s < .05). In response to exercise, TNF-α declined similarly in both groups whereas CRP increased differentially (+60% LVG; +24% HVG; p’s < .05). Protein carbonyls decreased and thiols increased similarly in both groups, but SOD declined differentially between groups (−14% LVG; −20% HVG; p’s < .05). Salivary testosterone decreased similarly in both groups, whereas cortisol did not change. A higher volume of training is associated with favorable inflammatory and redox profiles at rest, perhaps mediated by small inflammatory responses to acute exercise.
Does Spectatorship Increase Happiness? The Energy Perspective
Authors: Jang Wonseok , Ko Yong Jae , Wann Daniel L. , Kim Daehwan
Published: February 2017

Based on self-determination theory, the current research examined the effect of team identification on spectators’ energy and happiness. Most importantly, this research attempted to identify a key underlying mechanism of why and when sport spectatorship enhances spectators’ happiness by adapting energy, a new concept to the sport management literature. The results indicate that spectators with high team identification reported a greater level of happiness than those with low team identification only when their team won the game. When the supported team lost the game, spectators with both high and low team identification experienced similar levels of happiness. Furthermore, this study proposed a moderated mediation effect of vitality to provide evidence for the anticipated underlying mechanism. The results of the moderated mediation test indicated that a feeling of vitality mediated the effect of team identification on happiness, but only in the winning game condition. In contrast, in the losing game condition, a feeling of vitality did not mediate the effect of team identification on happiness. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Changing Boundaries and Evolving Organizational Forms in Football: Novelty and Variety Among Scottish Clubs
Authors: Adams Andrew , Morrow Stephen , Thomson Ian
Published: February 2017

This paper presents a novel theoretical conceptualization of football clubs and empirical evidence as to how supporter groups, owners, and others engaged to resolve threats to their club. We use boundary theory to understand the evolution of two football clubs’ ownership, financing, and governance structures and demonstrate how the blurring of club boundaries was linked to engagements in interface areas between the club and other social groups. We argue that the appropriateness of different combinations of ownership, financing, and governance practices should be evaluated in terms of how they support effective engagement spaces that negotiate relationships with codependent social groups. Conceptualizing football clubs as boundary objects provides some specific insights into changes observed in Scottish football clubs. However, this approach is relevant to other situations in which club success is dependent on cooperative engagements with multiple social groups that have both convergent and divergent interests in the club.
A Plasmodium vivax Plasmid DNA- and Adenovirus-Vectored Malaria Vaccine Encoding Blood-Stage Antigens AMA1 and MSP1
42
in a Prime/Boost Heterologous Immunization Regimen Partially Protects Aotus Monkeys against Blood-Stage Challenge
Authors: Obaldia Nicanor , Stockelman Michael G. , Otero William , Cockrill Jennifer A. , Ganeshan Harini , Abot Esteban N. , Zhang Jianfeng , Limbach Keith , Charoenvit Yupin , Doolan Denise L. , Tang De-chu C. , Richie Thomas L.
Published: February 2017

Malaria is caused by parasites of the genus
Plasmodium
, which are transmitted to humans by the bites of
Anopheles
mosquitoes. After the elimination of
Plasmodium falciparum
, it is predicted that
Plasmodium vivax
will remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality outside Africa, stressing the importance of developing a vaccine against
P. vivax
malaria. In this study, we assessed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of two
P. vivax
antigens, apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) and the 42-kDa C-terminal fragment of merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1
42
) in a plasmid recombinant DNA prime/adenoviral (Ad) vector boost regimen in
Aotus
monkeys. Groups of 4 to 5 monkeys were immunized with plasmid DNA alone, Ad alone, prime/boost regimens with each antigen, prime/boost regimens with both antigens, and empty vector controls and then subjected to blood-stage challenge. The heterologous immunization regimen with the antigen pair was more protective than either antigen alone or both antigens delivered with a single vaccine platform, on the basis of their ability to induce the longest prepatent period and the longest time to the peak level of parasitemia, the lowest peak and mean levels of parasitemia, the smallest area under the parasitemia curve, and the highest self-cure rate. Overall, prechallenge MSP1
42
antibody titers strongly correlated with a decreased parasite burden. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of immunized animals developed anemia. In conclusion, the
P. vivax
plasmid DNA/Ad serotype 5 vaccine encoding blood-stage parasite antigens AMA1 and MSP1
42
in a heterologous prime/boost immunization regimen provided significant protection against blood-stage challenge in
Aotus
monkeys, indicating the suitability of these antigens and this regimen for further development.
A Bivalent Heterologous DNA Virus-Like-Particle Prime-Boost Vaccine Elicits Broad Protection against both Group 1 and 2 Influenza A Viruses
Authors: Jiang Wenbo , Wang Shuangshuang , Chen Honglin , Ren Huanhuan , Huang Xun , Wang Guiqin , Chen Ze , Chen Ling , Chen Zhiwei , Zhou Paul
Published: February 2017

Current seasonal influenza vaccines are efficacious when vaccine strains are matched with circulating strains. However, they do not protect antigenic variants and newly emerging pandemic and outbreak strains. Thus, there is a critical need for developing so-called “universal” vaccines that protect against all influenza viruses. In the present study, we developed a bivalent heterologous DNA virus-like particle prime-boost vaccine strategy. We show that mice immunized with this vaccine were broadly protected against lethal challenge from group 1 (H1, H5, and H9) and group 2 (H3 and H7) viruses, with 94% aggregate survival. To determine the immune correlates of protection, we performed passive immunizations andin vitroassays. We show that this vaccine elicited antibody responses that bound HA from group 1 (H1, H2, H5, H6, H8, H9, H11, and H12) and group 2 (H3, H4, H7, H10, H14, and H15) and neutralized homologous and intrasubtypic H5 and H7 and heterosubtypic H1 viruses and hemagglutinin-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses. As a result, passive immunization with immune sera fully protected mice against H5, H7, and H1 challenge, whereas with both immune sera and T cells the mice survived heterosubtypic H3 and H9 challenge. Thus, it appears that (i) neutralizing antibodies alone fully protect against homologous and intrasubtypic H5 and H7 and (ii) neutralizing and binding antibodies are sufficient to protect against heterosubtypic H1, (iii) but against heterosubtypic H3 and H9, binding antibodies and T cells are required for complete survival. We believe that this vaccine regimen could potentially be a candidate for a “universal” influenza vaccine.

IMPORTANCEInfluenza virus infection is global health problem. Current seasonal influenza vaccines are efficacious only when vaccine strains are matched with circulating strains. However, these vaccines do not protect antigenic variants and newly emerging pandemic and outbreak strains. Because of this, there is an urgent need to develop so-called “universal” influenza vaccines that can protect against both current and future influenza strains. In the present study, we developed a bivalent heterologous prime-boost vaccine strategy. We show that a bivalent vaccine regimen elicited broad binding and neutralizing antibody and T cell responses that conferred broad protection against diverse challenge viruses in mice, suggesting that this bivalent prime-boost strategy could practically be a candidate for a “universal” influenza vaccine.
Divergent Relationships between Fecal Microbiota and Metabolome following Distinct Antibiotic-Induced Disruptions
Authors: Choo Jocelyn M. , Kanno Tokuwa , Zain Nur Masirah Mohd , Leong Lex E. X. , Abell Guy C. J. , Keeble Julie E. , Bruce Kenneth D. , Mason A. James , Rogers Geraint B.
Published: February 2017

Despite the fundamental importance of antibiotic therapies to human health, their functional impact on the intestinal microbiome and its subsequent ability to recover are poorly understood. Much research in this area has focused on changes in microbiota composition, despite the interdependency and overlapping functions of many members of the microbial community. These relationships make prediction of the functional impact of microbiota-level changes difficult, while analyses based on the metabolome alone provide relatively little insight into the taxon-level changes that underpin changes in metabolite levels. Here, we used combined microbiota and metabolome profiling to characterize changes associated with clinically important antibiotic combinations with distinct effects on the gut. Correlation analysis of changes in the metabolome and microbiota indicate that a combined approach will be essential for a mechanistic understanding of the functional impact of distinct antibiotic classes.
Consequences of delivery at home in a woman without prenatal care
Authors: Kumar Nakul , Gilbert Lisa , Ellis Terry , Krishnan Sandeep
Published: February 2017

This is a case report of a 39-year-old multigravida woman without allopathic prenatal care who, after three previous caesarean sections, attempted to deliver her fourth child at home with the help of a direct entry midwife. During labour, fetal movement and fetal heart tones became undetectable, at which time the patient was referred by the midwife to the hospital. The patient was diagnosed with uterine rupture, bladder rupture and fetal demise; she was rushed to emergency surgery. The patient's lack of allopathic prenatal care, attempt of vaginal birth after three previous caesarean sections, coupled with her desire for delivery at home, led to her complicated course. The patient related that she was never made aware that attempting a home birth after three prior caesarean sections put her at increased risk for complications, and she was also unaware that midwives could have varying levels of training.
Improving consent form documentation and introduction of procedure-specific labels in a district general hospital
Authors: Bajada Stefan , Dwamena Samuel , Abdul Zabihullah , Williams Rhodri , Ennis Owain
Published: February 2017

Informed consent is an important aspect in patient care. Failings in this area may result in patient dissatisfaction or litigation. The aim of this project was to assess our practice in consenting and institute changes to maintain best practice. A consecutive series of 140 patients undergoing elective and trauma procedures were randomly identified over a nine-month period. The consent forms were reviewed and the following information collected: patient/ consenter details, procedure, legibility, if copy was offered/ given to patient and adequacy of procedure-specific complications listed (scored 0-3). The issues identified included: 25% of consents were not fully legible particularly in the complications section. 62% were noted to have inadequate complications listed (score 0 [>5 risks missing]) when compared to an accepted standard. None of the consent form copies were offered or given to the patients. Focused teaching to juniors as well as procedure-specific complication stickers were implemented to improve the documentation of complications. Following several improvement cycles all consents (100%) were fully legible and had the adequate procedure-specific labels with all complications listed. There was an increase to 38% of consent forms offered to patients. We have asked surgeons in the department to comment on which consent method they prefer and all consenters felt that the procedure-specific labels where easier to read and understand. Departmental education as well as introduction of simple procedure-specific complication stickers has resulted in significant improvements in practice.
High Serum Soluble Cd200 Levels in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sari Funda , Gumuslu Saadet , Cetinkaya Ramazan , Sarikaya Metin , Yalcin Arzu Didem
Published: February 2017

CD200 is a novel immune-effective molecule, existing in a cell membrane-bound form, as well as in a soluble form in serum, which performs to modulate inflammatory and acquired immune responses. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the development of large renal cysts and progressive loss of renal function. As defects in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells occur in ADPKD, we asked whether serum soluble CD200 might underlie and effect on ADPKD. Serum soluble CD200 levels were measured in 44 patients with ADPKD and 24 healthy volunteers. Concentrations of soluble CD200 in the serum samples were quantified using an ELISA kit. The mean serum soluble CD200 levels were higher in patients with ADPKD than in the control group (71.4±29.2 and 21.4±5.6 pg/mL, p<0.001). Positive correlation was detected between serum soluble CD200 levels and glomerular filtration rate (r=0.772, p<0.001), and serum albumin level (r=0.466, p=0.001). Negative correlation was detected between serum soluble CD200 levels and serum creatinine levels (r=−0.761, p<0.001), and C reactive protein levels (r=−0.364, p=0.015). In the ADPKD patients group, serum soluble CD200 levels were lower in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) than in patients with stages 1–2 (p<0.001), 3 (p=0.005) and 4 CKD (p=0.006). Serum soluble CD200 levels were similar in patients with stages 1–2, 3, and 4 CKD (p>0.05). Our results show that patients with ADPKD have activated soluble CD200 levels which were related to renal function and inflammation.
Disease activity patterns over time in patients with SLE: analysis of the Hopkins Lupus Cohort
Authors: Györi Noémi , Giannakou Ioanna , Chatzidionysiou Katerina , Magder Laurence , van Vollenhoven Ronald F , Petri Michelle
Published: February 2017

Objective

To describe SLE disease activity patterns in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort.

Methods

Disease activity was studied in 1886 patients followed-up for 1–28 years. Disease activity patterns were defined using (1) Physician Global Assessment (PGA) and (2) modified SLE Disease Activity Index (M-SLEDAI) as follows: long quiescent (LQ), M-SLEDAI=0/PGA=0 at all visits; relapsing-remitting (RR), periods of activity (M-SLEDAI>0/PGA>0) interspersed with inactivity (M-SLEDAI=0/PGA=0); chronic active (CA), M-SLEDAI>0/PGA>0 at all visits. The pattern of first 3 consecutive follow-up years was determined in 916 patients as: persistent LQ (pLQ), persistent RR (pRR) and persistent CA (pCA), LQ, RR and CA pattern in each of the 3 years, respectively; mixed, at least two different pattern types were identified.

Results

The RR pattern accounted for the greatest proportion of follow-up time both by M-SLEDAI and PGA, representing 53.8% and 49.9% of total patient-years, respectively. The second most frequent pattern was LQ based on M-SLEDAI (30.7%) and CA based on PGA (40.4%). For the first 3-year intervals, the mixed pattern type was the most common (56.6%). The pRR was the second most frequent (M-SLEDAI 33.3%, PGA 26.5%), while pLQ (M-SLEDAI 6.4%, PGA 0.7%) and pCA were less frequent (M-SLEDAI 3.7%, PGA 16.3%).

Conclusions

The RR pattern was the most prevalent pattern. LQ was achieved in a subset of patients, using the M-SLEDAI. However, the PGA captured mild activity missed on the M-SLEDAI in these patients. Over a 3-year perspective, less than half of patients maintained their original pattern.
Surgical technique for venous patch aneurysms with no neck in a rabbit model
Authors: Greim-Kuczewski Kilian , Berenstein Alejandro , Kis Sebastian , Hauser Anna , Killer-Oberpfalzer Monika
Published: February 2017

Background

Animal experimental studies are crucial for the development of endovascular devices and embolization techniques for intracranial aneurysms. The aim of the study was to describe the surgical creation technique for an aneurysm with a dilated shape and no definable aneurysm neck. The model should be reproducible in size and shape and stay patent over a long period of time. It should constitute a challenge to endovascular therapy and provide a valuable testing environment for new endovascular devices and techniques.

Methods

Surgical creation of 30 no-neck aneurysms was attempted in 15 New Zealand White rabbits using a segment of jugular vein, which was transected, longitudinally opened and sutured to the anterior aspect of the common carotid artery. The first 14 aneurysms were used to develop the technique. Once the technique was mastered and the procedure was standardized, 16 consecutive aneurysms were created. For these aneurysms, digital subtraction angiography was employed after a mean of 120 days to confirm size and patency. All aneurysms were evaluated for patency.

Results

Overall aneurysm patency was 93%. Three complications occurred, two of which were related to the vascular anastomosis. Angiographic follow-up showed a median (SD) aneurysm base and height of 6.7 (0.76) mm and 3.2 (0.85) mm), respectively.

Conclusions

This technique allows creation of aneurysms without a neck which are reproducible in size and shape, and which remain patent. The model contributes to the list of aneurysm models fit for evaluation of embolization devices and techniques. It is particularly useful in exploring treatment options for wide-neck aneurysms and aneurysms which presently do not qualify for conventional coiling.
A new platform for government vets
Authors: Gibbens Nigel
Published: February 2017

Nigel Gibbens, the UK's Chief Veterinary Officer, announces the launch of a new website and blog that will help government vets share their experiences with the wider veterinary community
Three-dimensional noncommutative Yukawa theory: Induced effective action and propagating modes
Authors: Bufalo R. , Ghasemkhani M.
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we establish the analysis of noncommutative Yukawa theory, encompassing neutral and charged scalar fields. We approach the analysis by considering carefully the derivation of the respective effective actions. Hence, based on the obtained results, we compute the one-loop contributions to the neutral and charged scalar field self-energy, as well as to the Chern–Simons polarization tensor. In order to properly define the behavior of the quantum fields, the known UV/IR mixing due to radiative corrections is analyzed in the one-loop physical dispersion relation of the scalar and gauge fields.
Tunable energy gaps and mid-infrared optical properties in InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices
Authors: Dong H. M. , Jin Q. , Wang X. F.
Published: February 2017

We investigate on the infrared (IR) optoelectronic properties in short-period InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices (SLs) by a modified eight-band [Formula: see text] model. The electronic mini-band structures for such SLs are evaluated by the modified eight-band [Formula: see text] model, incorporating the microscopic interface effect. We find that with varying the values around 20/25 Å for the InAs/GaSb layer widths, the tunable mid-IR bandgaps can be achieved effectively. The SL bandgap from 275 to 346 meV can be achieved by decreasing the InAs layer thickness from 23 to 17 Å at a fixed GaSb layer thickness of 24 Å, or from 254 to 313 meV by increasing the GaSb layer thickness from 18 to 27 Å at a fixed InAs layer thickness of 21 Å. Correspondingly the optical absorptions in such systems can be tuned evidently. Our theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental data over a series of SL samples. This study confirms further that short-period InAs/GaSb type-II SLs are of great importance for IR applications.
Translocation of polymer chain in post array induced by arrangement differ
Authors: Hou Ji-Xuan , Zhang Ye-Hui , Chen Yao , Yu Xu-Chen
Published: February 2017

We demonstrate that the arrangement differs of posts have significant effect on the translocation of polymer chains which are embedded in the post arrays by using Monte Carlo algorithm. Due to the equivalent entropic force, polymers have a tendency to translocate to the disordered-arranged post array side other than the ordered-arranged side even though the post densities are equal on both sides. By changing the diameter of the posts, we find that the associated translocation times are strongly affected by the structure of the post array. Since the entropic force is almost identical for each monomer of the polymer chain and the free energy difference between two differently-arranged sides increases linearly with the polymer chain length, the directional preference strongly depends on the polymer chain length, and the ratio between the probabilities for a polymer to move either side obeys the Boltzmann distribution. Hence, a new microfabricated device which is used to separate deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by molecular weight can be designed using this idea. Moreover, this study can help us to develop a better understanding on the passages of polymers across membranes in nature.
Parallel N-Path Quantification Hierarchical K-Means Clustering Algorithm for Video Retrieval
Authors: Liao Kaiyang , Zhao Fan , Zheng Yuanlin , Cao Congjun , Zhang Mingzhu
Published: February 2017

Using clustering method to detect useful patterns in large datasets has attracted considerable interest recently. The HKM clustering algorithm (Hierarchical K-means) is very efficient in large-scale data analysis. It has been widely used to build visual vocabulary for large scale video/image retrieval system. However, the speed and even the accuracy of hierarchical K-means clustering algorithm still have room to be improved. In this paper, we propose a Parallel N-path quantification hierarchical K-means clustering algorithm which improves on the hierarchical K-means clustering algorithm in the following ways. Firstly, we replace the Euclidean kernel with the Hellinger kernel to improve the accuracy. Secondly, the Greedy N-best Paths Labeling method is adopted to improve the clustering accuracy. Thirdly, the multi-core processors-based parallel clustering algorithm is proposed. Our results confirm that the proposed clustering algorithm is much faster and more effective.
NATURAL GAS-FIRED POWER PLANTS VALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION UNDER LÉVY COPULAS AND REGIME SWITCHING
Authors: SAFAROV NEMAT , ATKINSON COLIN
Published: February 2017

In this work, we analyze a stochastic control problem for the valuation of a natural gas power station while taking into account operating characteristics. Both electricity and gas spot price processes exhibit mean-reverting spikes and Markov regime-switches. The Lévy regime-switching model incorporates the effects of demand-supply fluctuations in energy markets and abrupt economic disruptions or business cycles. We make use of skewed Lévy copulas to model the dependence risk of electricity and gas jumps. The corresponding coupled Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equations are solved by an explicit finite difference method. The numerical approach gives us both the value of the plant and its optimal operating strategy depending on the gas and electricity prices, current temperature of the boiler and time. The surfaces of control strategies and contract values are obtained by implementing the numerical method for a particular example.
Investigation on structural, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of samarium-substituted BiFeO3–PbTiO3 composites
Authors: Sahu Truptimayee , Behera Banarji
Published: February 2017

The polycrystalline samples of 0.8BiSmxFe[Formula: see text]O3–0.2PbTiO3 ([Formula: see text] and 0.20) were prepared by using the conventional solid-state reaction technique and sintered at high temperature (850[Formula: see text]C). X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the distorted rhombohedral crystal structure for all the composites at room temperature. The surface morphology was checked by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) technique and homogeneous mixing of the components was confirmed by energy-dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX). The detailed study of dielectric properties of the composites reveals an increasing nature of dielectric constant ([Formula: see text]) and loss tangent (tan[Formula: see text]) with the increase of temperature due to thermal activation. The Arrhenius plots of temperature dependence of AC conductivity yield the activation energy within the material at high-temperature range. The ferroelectric study shows that the remnant polarization decreases with the increase of Samarium (Sm) concentration.
An Integrated Critical Infrastructure Risk and Resilience Concept in the Context of Extreme Weather Events and Global Change
Authors: Schwab Maria , Berchtold Claudia , Goris Anna
Published: February 2017

A review of risk assessment research in the context of extreme weather events (EWE) reveals that conceptual approaches addressing the risk of critical infrastructures (CI) focus primarily on single components and factors of CI that are at risk. The objective of the paper is to introduce an integrative framework that considers the complex set-up of CI and links it to newer conceptualizations of risk management and adaptation. Drawing on existing risk and resilience approaches, this paper brings together aspects of the engineering community, which currently dominate CI-related research, and of disaster risk reduction research communities, resilience and adaptation research in the context of natural hazards. The paper thereby presents an adapted approach that particularly addresses interdependencies of infrastructures as well as future dynamics. The risk concept applied is based on the IPCC framework and considers the manifold impacts of CI failures upon society, economy and environment. Recommendations for risk management regimes are thereby formulated in the context of EWE. Based on a more holistic socio-ecological systems’ perspective, the approach covers the dynamic transformation of a system’s resilience state. The framework provides a tool and concept to improve the understanding of the multitude factors determining the risks of EWE for CI. Additional research is required for the further operationalization of the conceptual framework, such as the development of indicators, in order to enable the practical implementation for the support of risk management concepts.
Delayed Stroke following Blunt Neck Trauma: A Case Illustration with Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Anyama Best , Treitl Daniela , Wessell Jeffery , Solomon Rachele , Rosenthal Andrew A.
Published: February 2017

Blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) to the carotid artery is a relatively rare injury that is difficult to identify even with imaging. Any symptoms or neurological deficits following blunt neck injury mandate evaluation and consideration of BCVI. In an effort to highlight this issue, we report the case of a 31-year-old male patient who presented with left-sided weakness consistent with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and concussion. The patient’s symptoms occurred within 24 hours of a blunt neck injury sustained by a knee strike during a basketball game. An initial computerized tomography (CT) scan of the brain was normal; a CT angiogram (CTA) of the neck and carotids did not reveal obstruction, dissection, stenosis, or abnormalities of the carotid or vertebral vessels and the patient was subsequently discharged. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain obtained four days after the initial injury demonstrated an acute infarct in the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. Thus, despite initial negative imaging, neurological deficits must be aggressively pursued in order to prevent stroke in BCVI cases.
Determination of Levels of Organochlorine, Organophosphorus, and Pyrethroid Pesticide Residues in Vegetables from Markets in Dar es Salaam by GC-MS
Authors: Mahugija John A. M. , Khamis Farhat A. , Lugwisha Esther H. J.
Published: February 2017

This study investigated the levels of pesticides and metabolites in vegetables from major markets in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania. Samples of fresh cabbage, spinach, and onions from the markets were analysed for pesticide residues. Extraction was performed using acetone followed by dichloromethane : cyclohexane mixture and the extracts were cleaned up using Florisil. The compounds were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Pesticides and metabolites were detected in 72.2% of the samples. The detected pesticide residues and their highest mean concentrations were p,p′-DDT 4.00 × 10−3 mg/kg, p,p′-DDD 6.40 × 10−1 mg/kg, o,p′-DDD 1.00 × 10−2 mg/kg, α-endosulfan 6.00 × 10−1 mg/kg, β-endosulfan 2.10 × 10−1 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos 3.00 mg/kg, and cypermethrin 4.00 × 10−2 mg/kg. The most frequently detected compounds were p,p′-DDD and chlorpyrifos. The order of contamination was spinach > cabbage > onions. Generally, there were no significant variations in concentrations of pesticide residues among samples and sampling sites, which indicated similarities in contamination patterns. The concentrations of contaminants were above the maximum residue limits (MRLs) in 33.3–50% of the samples. The findings indicated risks and concerns for public health.
Influence of Tear Protein Deposition on the Oxygen Permeability of Soft Contact Lenses
Authors: Lee Se Eun , Kim So Ra , Park Mijung
Published: February 2017

Purpose. To investigate the effect of tear protein deposition on the change in oxygen permeability (Dk) of soft contact lenses (SCL).Methods. Three hydrogel lenses (polymacon, nelfilcon A, and etafilcon A) and two silicon hydrogel lenses (lotrafilcon A and balafilcon A) were investigated. Etafilcon A lenses were incubated in artificial tear solution for 1, 6, 12, and 48 h, whereas the other SCL were incubated for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. Oxygen permeability was measured using the polarographic method, and lenses were stacked in four layers to correct the boundary effect.Results. TheDkof all investigated SCL was decreased by the protein deposition. Silicone hydrogel lenses showed a smaller deposition of artificial tear proteins than conventional hydrogel lenses. However, theirDkwas reduced twofold than those of 3 conventional hydrogel lenses when compared at the same level of protein deposition. Despite a large amount of total deposited protein in etafilcon A lenses, theirDkwas more stable than other SCL.Conclusions. From the results, it was revealed that theDkof SCL is different from the value provided by manufacturers because of the tear protein deposition on surface and/or in pore of SCL; however, the degree ofDkchange in SCL was not simply correlated with the amount of tear protein deposition. Thus, it is considered that the correlation between tear protein deposition and properties of lens materials affectsDkchange.
The Association of Serum Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor with the Occurrence of and Recovery from Delirium in Older Medical Inpatients
Authors: Williams John , Finn Karen , Melvin Vincent , Meagher David , McCarthy Geraldine , Adamis Dimitrios
Published: February 2017

Limited studies of the association between BDNF levels and delirium have given inconclusive results. This prospective, longitudinal study examined the relationship between BDNF levels and the occurrence of and recovery from delirium. Participants were assessed twice weekly using MoCA, DRS-R98, and APACHE II scales. BDNF levels were estimated using an ELISA method. Delirium was defined with DRS-R98 (score > 16) and recovery from delirium as ≥2 consecutive assessments without delirium prior to discharge. We identified no difference in BDNF levels between those with and without delirium. Excluding those who never developed delirium (n=140), we examined the association of BDNF levels and other variables with delirium recovery. Of 58 who experienced delirium, 39 remained delirious while 19 recovered. Using Generalized Estimating Equations models we found that BDNF levels (Wald χ2=7.155; df: 1, p=0.007) and MoCA (Wald χ2=4.933; df: 1, p=0.026) were associated with recovery. No significant association was found for APACHE II, dementia, age, or gender. BDNF levels do not appear to be directly linked to the occurrence of delirium but recovery was less likely in those with continuously lower levels. No previous study has investigated the role of BDNF in delirium recovery and these findings warrant replication in other populations.
Saving the On-Scene Time for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients: The Registered Nurses’ Role and Performance in Emergency Medical Service Teams
Authors: Lin Ming-Wei , Wu Che-Yu , Pan Chih-Long , Tian Zhong , Wen Jyh-Horng , Wen Jet-Chau
Published: February 2017

For out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients, every second is vital for their life. Shortening the prehospital time is a challenge to emergency medical service (EMS) experts. This study focuses on the on-scene time evaluation of the registered nurses (RNs) participating in already existing EMS teams, in order to explore their role and performance in different EMS cases. In total, 1247 cases were separated into trauma and nontrauma cases. The nontrauma cases were subcategorized into OHCA (NT-O), critical (NT-C), and noncritical (NT-NC) cases, whereas the trauma cases were subcategorized into collar-and-spinal board fixation (T-CS), fracture fixation (T-F), and general trauma (T-G) cases. The average on-scene time of RN-attended cases showed a decrease of 21.05% in NT-O, 3.28% in NT-C, 0% in NT-NC, 18.44% in T-CS, 13.56% in T-F, and 3.46% in T-G compared to non-RN-attended. In NT-O and T-CS cases, the RNs’ attendance can notably save the on-scene time with a statistical significance (P=.016 and .017, resp.). Furthermore, the return of spontaneous circulation within two hours (ROSC2 h) rate in the NT-O cases was increased by 12.86%. Based on the findings, the role of RNs in the EMTs could save the golden time in the prehospital medical care in Taiwan.
Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) Might Not Improve Early Bone Healing after Sinus Augmentation in Healthy Rabbits
Authors: Huh Jisun , Jung Ui-Won , Park Kyeong-Mee , Kim Hyun Sil , Kim Kee-Deog , Park Wonse
Published: February 2017

Purpose. This study evaluated the effect of administering intermittent parathyroid hormone [PTH (1-34), henceforth PTH] on the early-stage bone healing of maxillary sinus augmentation in healthy rabbits. Materials and Methods. Bovine bone mineral was grafted on the sinuses of 20 female New Zealand white rabbits. The animals were randomly divided into two groups, PTH (n=10) or saline (n=10), in which either PTH or saline was injected subcutaneously 5 days a week for 2 weeks. Half of the animals in each group were killed at 2 weeks postoperatively and the other half were killed at 4 weeks postoperatively. The dosage of PTH was 10 μg/kg/day. Radiographic and histomorphometric analyses were performed. Result. The new bone area (NBA) did not differ significantly between the PTH and saline groups. The NBA in the PTH group in the total augmented area and in the demarcated window, center, and Schneiderian membrane regions increased significantly from 2 to 4 weeks. The number of osteoclasts decreased significantly from 2 to 4 weeks in both groups, with no difference between the two groups. Conclusion. Intermittent PTH might not stimulate new bone formation in healthy rabbits during the first 4 weeks of healing.
Synovial Sarcoma of the Larynx: Report of a Case and Review of Literature
Authors: Narayanan Geetha , Baby Anto , Somanathan Thara , Konoth Sreedevi
Published: February 2017

Sarcomas account for less than 1% of malignant neoplasms arising in the head and neck in adults. Laryngeal synovial sarcoma is an extremely rare form of laryngeal malignancy with less than 20 cases reported in the literature. We report the case of a 48-year-old man with synovial sarcoma of the larynx. He underwent excision of the tumor followed by radiation. He is alive in remission at 36 months. The literature on synovial sarcoma of the larynx is reviewed.
Optimization of the Extraction of the Volatile Fraction from Honey Samples by SPME-GC-MS, Experimental Design, and Multivariate Target Functions
Authors: Robotti Elisa , Campo Federica , Riviello Marta , Bobba Marco , Manfredi Marcello , Mazzucco Eleonora , Gosetti Fabio , Calabrese Giorgio , Sangiorgi Emanuele , Marengo Emilio
Published: February 2017

Head space (HS) solid phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS) is the most widespread technique to study the volatile profile of honey samples. In this paper, the experimental SPME conditions were optimized by a multivariate strategy. Both sensitivity and repeatability were optimized by experimental design techniques considering three factors: extraction temperature (from 50°C to 70°C), time of exposition of the fiber (from 20 min to 60 min), and amount of salt added (from 0 to 27.50%). Each experiment was evaluated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that allows to take into consideration all the analytes at the same time, preserving the information about their different characteristics. Optimal extraction conditions were identified independently for signal intensity (extraction temperature: 70°C; extraction time: 60 min; salt percentage: 27.50% w/w) and repeatability (extraction temperature: 50°C; extraction time: 60 min; salt percentage: 27.50% w/w) and a final global compromise (extraction temperature: 70°C; extraction time: 60 min; salt percentage: 27.50% w/w) was also reached. Considerations about the choice of the best internal standards were also drawn. The whole optimized procedure was than applied to the analysis of a multiflower honey sample and more than 100 compounds were identified.