bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Description of two new genera of Ochlerini (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Discocephalinae)
Authors: GARBELOTTO THEREZA DE A. , GRAZIA JOCELIA , CAMPOS LUIZ ALEXANDRE
Published: May 2019

Since the phylogenetic analysis of the Herrichella clade (Ochlerini) new genera were described to fit monophyletic groups inferred and considered to be new taxa. The clade I supported by two synapomorphies of the female genitalia, grouped Alitocoris brunneus Sailer together to two new species. Alloeogyna gen. nov. is described here for this clade including the two new species Alloeogyna ampla sp. nov. and Alloeogyna poecila sp. nov. and a new combination is proposed for Alloeogyna brunnea comb. nov.. Also, Alitocoris maculosus Sailer recovered within the clade E in the Herrichella clade is here redescribed in the monotypic Sailerus gen. nov. resulting in the new combination Sailerus maculosus comb. nov..
The genus Corvospongilla Annandale, 1911 (Porifera: Demospongiae: Spongillida) from Madagascar freshwater with description of a new species: biogeographic and evolutionary aspects
Authors: MANCONI RENATA , PRONZATO ROBERTO
Published: May 2019

We report here the first record of five genera of Spongillida (Porifera, Demospongiae) in both lentic and lotic water of Madagascar and the discovery of a new species of the genus Corvospongilla from the Betsiboka River hydrographic basin. Corvospongilla lemuriensis sp. n. diverges from all the other known species of the genus in its unique combination of diagnostic morphotraits (a) sessile gemmules with chambered pneumatic layer within tri-layered theca and enveloped by spicular cage of dominant acanthostrongyles, (b) dominant acanthostrongyles and less frequent acanthoxeas-strongyloxeas as megascleres and gemmuloscleres. The new species is characterised by the exclusive presence of a well-developed pneumatic layer in sessile gemmules not described for the genus until now. The new record confirms a Gondwanian track for the genus Corvospongilla and increases the knowledge on Spongillida historical biogeography. In synthesis the present discovery of Corvospongilla in the Malagasy biogeographic province (a) contributes to the assessment of Afrotropical biodiversity, (b) enlarges the geographic range of the genus reducing its disjunct distribution, and (c) focus on the evolutionary history of adaptive morphofunctional traits of resting bodies and life cycle timing in ephemeral water of the south-eastern Austral hemisphere.
100 Years of Progress in Understanding the Dynamics of Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean Variability
Authors: Battisti David S. , Vimont Daniel J. , Kirtman Benjamin P.
Published: May 2019

In situ observation networks and reanalyses products of the state of the atmosphere and upper ocean show well-defined, large-scale patterns of coupled climate variability on time scales ranging from seasons to several decades. We summarize these phenomena and their physics, which have been revealed by analysis of observations, by experimentation with uncoupled and coupled atmosphere and ocean models with a hierarchy of complexity, and by theoretical developments. We start with a discussion of the seasonal cycle in the equatorial tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, which are clearly affected by coupling between the atmosphere and the ocean. We then discuss the tropical phenomena that only exist because of the coupling between the atmosphere and the ocean: the Pacific and Atlantic meridional modes, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific, and a phenomenon analogous to ENSO in the Atlantic. For ENSO, we further discuss the sources of irregularity and asymmetry between warm and cold phases of ENSO, and the response of ENSO to forcing. Fundamental to variability on all time scales in the midlatitudes of the Northern Hemisphere are preferred patterns of uncoupled atmospheric variability that exist independent of any changes in the state of the ocean, land, or distribution of sea ice. These patterns include the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO), and the Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern; they are most active in wintertime, with a temporal spectrum that is nearly white. Stochastic variability in the NPO, PNA, and NAO force the ocean on days to interannual times scales by way of turbulent heat exchange and Ekman transport, and on decadal and longer time scales by way of wind stress forcing. The PNA is partially responsible for the Pacific decadal oscillation; the NAO is responsible for an analogous phenomenon in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre. In models, stochastic forcing by the NAO also gives rise to variability in the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) that is partially responsible for multidecadal anomalies in the North Atlantic climate known as the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO); observations do not yet exist to adequately determine the physics of the AMO. We review the progress that has been made in the past 50 years in understanding each of these phenomena and the implications for short-term (seasonal-to-interannual) climate forecasts. We end with a brief discussion of advances of things that are on the horizon, under the rug, and over the rainbow.
National populism and gendered vigilantism: The case of the Soldiers of Odin in Finland
Authors: Aharoni Sarai B , Féron Élise
Published: May 2019

Based on a discursive analysis of various media reports published in 2015–2018 by and about the Finnish right-wing street patrolling organization Soldiers of Odin (SOO), we explore the gendered dimension of contemporary vigilantism. We find that street patrolling as a practice of vigilantism, is justified in this case by using representations of the cityspace as a place of friction between locals and newcomers and of the street as a locus for enacting gendered and racial/ethnic identities. Our findings suggest that SOO’s vigilant practices exhibit a mixture of traditional and new features of masculinity. We argue that the activities of anti-immigration groups such as the SOO in Finland demonstrate a feminist security dilemma concerning the way securitization of public gender-based violence is used to enhance militarized performance of white masculinity. We identify four recurring themes that are used by group members to portray themselves as part of a legitimate social movement: protective masculinity, militarized masculinity, supplement of the state, and indigenous masculinity.
Characteristics of the schizophrenia suicide attempts in comparison with the suicide attempts with other diagnosed psychiatric disorders: An Egyptian study
Authors: Abdeen Mai SeifElDin , Shaker Nermin Mahmoud , Elrassas Hanan Hany , Hashim Mostafa Ahmad , Abo Zeid Mohamed Youssef
Published: May 2019

Background:

There has been much literature on schizophrenia, but little is known about the characteristic features of suicide attempts with schizophrenia in comparison with the suicide attempts with other diagnosed psychiatric disorders.

Aims:

The objective of this study was to clarify the specific characteristics and risk factors among suicide attempters with schizophrenia that differentiate them from other psychiatric disorders.

Methods:

Thirty-three suicide attempters diagnosed with schizophrenia and 87 suicide attempters with other psychiatric disorders were included. Suicide attempts seriousness were appraised by the Beck’s Suicide Intent Scale (BSIS). Standardized scales were applied: Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Version 11 (BIS-11). The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders (SCID-II) based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV ( DSM-IV) was applied to assess the psychiatric status of individuals. Demographic and clinical characteristics, method of suicide and suicide probability scores and impulsivity were compared among both groups (schizophrenia group and other psychiatric disorders group).

Results:

In total, 27.5% of suicide attempts suffered from schizophrenia. The current study found that having more past history of medical diseases, longer duration of illness, using more violent suicidal methods, and having less significant suicidal ideations were the significant factors that differentiated schizophrenia suicide attempts from those diagnosed with other psychiatric disorders. The schizophrenia group did not show more impulsivity or hostility than other psychiatric disorders group.

Conclusion:

These results indicated that each group shows its unique characteristics. They give us new perspectives to prevent suicides in schizophrenia according to their different characteristics.
A Preliminary Report on the Investigation of Prestin as a Biomarker for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Sun Changling , Xuan Xiaolin , Zhou Zhi , Yuan Yuan , Xue Fei
Published: May 2019

To date, no specific biomarkers for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL) have been used. The aim of this study is to investigate whether prestin, the motor protein of cochlear outer hair cells, could be used as a biomarker candidate for the diagnosis and prognosis judgement of ISSHL. Blood samples of 14 ISSHL patients and 28 control patients without history of hearing loss were collected. Plasma prestin concentration was measured using Human Prestin (SLC26A5) ELISA Kit. The results showed that prestin was detectable in the plasma of all patients and the concentration of prestin was significantly higher in ISSHL patients with about half being above the average range of control patients. Moreover, in treatment responsive group, 6 of 10 patients had decreased prestin levels after treatment compared to those of before treatment, while the prestin levels of all the 4 patients in treatment unresponsive group increased in varying degrees. Our promising preliminary results suggest that prestin has the potential to serve as a biomarker to assist diagnosis and judge response to pharmacological treatments.
Decisional Conflict Scale Findings among Patients and Surrogates Making Health Decisions: Part II of an Anniversary Review
Authors: Garvelink Mirjam M. , Boland Laura , Klein Krystal , Nguyen Don Vu , Menear Matthew , Bekker Hilary L. , Eden Karen B. , LeBlanc Annie , O’Connor Annette M. , Stacey Dawn , Légaré France
Published: May 2019

Background. We explored decisional conflict as measured with the 16-item Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) and how it varies across clinical situations, decision types, and exposure to decision support interventions (DESIs). Methods. An exhaustive scoping review was conducted using backward citation searches and keyword searches. Eligible studies were published between 1995 and March 2015, used an original experimental/observational research design, concerned a health-related decision, and provided DCS data. Dyads independently screened titles/abstracts and full texts, and extracted data. We performed narrative syntheses and calculated average or median DCS scores. Results. We included 246 articles reporting on 253 studies. DCS scores ranged from 2.4 to 79.7 out of 100. Highest baseline DCS scores were for care planning (44.8 ± 8.9, median = 47.0) and treatment decisions (32.5 ± 12.6, median = 31.9), in contexts of primary care (40.6 ± 18.3), and geriatrics (39.8 ± 11.2). Baseline scores were high among decision makers who were ill (33.2 ± 14.1, median = 30.2) or making decisions for themselves (33.4 ± 13.8, median = 32.0). Total DCS scores <25 out of 100 were associated with implementing decisions. Without DESIs, DCS scores tended to increase shortly after decision making (>37.4). After DESI use, DCS scores decreased short-term but increased or remained the same long-term (>6 months). Conclusions. DCS scores were highest at baseline and decreased after decision making. DESIs decreased decisional conflict immediately after decision making. The largest improvements after DESIs were in decision makers who were ill or made decisions for themselves. Further meta-analyses are needed for decision type, contexts, and interventions to inform hypotheses about the expected effects of DESIs, the best timing for measurement, and interpretation of DCS scores.
Circulating microRNAs and vascular calcification in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Lee Chien-Te , Lee Yueh-Ting , Tain You-Lin , Ng Hwee-Yeong , Kuo Wei-Hung
Published: May 2019

Objective

Vascular calcification is common in chronic dialysis patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the role of circulating microRNAs (miRs) in vascular calcification has rarely been investigated. We aimed to determine circulating levels of miRs in hemodialysis patients, and analyzed their relationship with vascular calcification.

Methods

Sixty-one stable hemodialysis patients were enrolled, including 31 with vascular calcification and 30 without. Demographic and biochemical data were collected and reviewed. The presence and severity of vascular calcification were determined by lumber spine X-ray. Blood levels of miR29a/b, miR223, miR9, and miR21 were determined.

Results

Patients with vascular calcification were older (65.6 ± 9.0 vs. 59.1 ± 7.1 years) with a higher proportion of vascular disease (55% vs. 23%) than those without vascular calcification. Additionally, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (3.90 vs 2.09 mg/dL) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (17311 vs. 6306 pg/mL) were significantly higher. Patients with vascular calcification also had higher levels of miR29a/b and miR223. Regression analysis indicated that age and miR29a were significant associates of the calcification score.

Conclusions

Hemodialysis patients with vascular calcification had higher levels of miR 29a/b and miR223 than those without vascular calcification, and circulating miR29a was associated with calcification severity.
Right phrenic nerve palsy following transcatheter radiofrequency current atrial fibrillation ablation: Case report
Authors: Abbadessa Gianmarco , Lavorgna Luigi , Cirillo Giovanni , Clerico Marinella , Todisco Vincenzo , Cirillo Mario , Trojsi Francesca , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Bonavita Simona
Published: May 2019

Phrenic nerve palsy (PNP) is a well-known complication of cardiac surgery or jugular/subclavian vein catheterization, presenting with cough, hiccups, dyspnoea/shortness of breath and, in some cases, ventilatory failure. Rarely, PNP is a complication of transcatheter radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. This report describes the case of a 72-year-old woman with a 2-year history of recurrent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation associated with occasional palpitations and shortness of breath who underwent routine transcatheter radiofrequency ablation. Three days after the procedure, the patient developed shortness of breath and progressive dyspnoea. Motor nerve conduction showed the absence of the right phrenic nerve compound motor action potential compared with the normal left side confirming the diagnosis of a right phrenic nerve palsy. This current case demonstrated the importance of undertaking an electrophysiological evaluation of phrenic nerve conduction after transcatheter radiofrequency ablation in patients presenting with palpitations and shortness of breath even if present a few days after the procedure.
Improving rapid response system performance in a Chinese Joint Commission International Hospital
Authors: Yang Minfei , Zhang Lanlan , Wang Yuwei , Zhan Yue , Zhang Xiaofei , Jin Jinfen
Published: May 2019

Objective

To assess the impact of a regional rapid response system (RRS) implemented in a Chinese Joint Commission International Hospital on the timely treatment of patients with serious adverse events (SAEs).

Methods

Clinical SAEs, activation periods, reasons for RSS activation, and patient outcomes were assessed using SAE response sheets at admission to the hospital and over 31 months of follow-up.

Results

We found that 192 events were called by medical staff and 6 were called by auxiliary staff. Reasons for the 385 RRS activations included: unconsciousness (133; 34.5%), and airway obstruction and absent carotid pulse (49 each; 12.7%). The average arrival time of the medical emergency team was 2.4 ± 0.1 minutes. There were 123 (62.1%) RRS activations during daytime working hours (8:00–17:00); CPR was performed in 86 (43.4%) cases. Outcomes of RRS were: vital signs stabilized in 82 (41.4%) patients and 61 (30.8%) patients were transferred to ICU.

Conclusion

Our experience showed that the regional RRS has led to better integrated multidisciplinary cooperation and reduced time for treating patients with SAEs, resulting in success of the RRS.
Strategic Silence: College Men and Hegemonic Masculinity in Contraceptive Decision Making
Authors: Dalessandro Cristen , James-Hawkins Laurie , Sennott Christie
Published: May 2019

Condom use among college men in the United States is notoriously erratic, yet we know little about these men’s approaches to other contraceptives. In this paper, accounts from 44 men attending a university in the western United States reveal men’s reliance on culturally situated ideas about gender, social class, race, and age in assessing the risk of pregnancy and STI acquisition in sexual encounters with women. Men reason that race- and class-privileged college women are STI-free, responsible for contraception, and will pursue abortion services if necessary. Since men expect women will take responsibility, they often stay silent about condoms and other contraceptives in sexual encounters—a process we term “strategic silence.” Men’s strategic silence helps uphold local constructions of hegemonic masculinity that prioritize men’s sexual desires and protects these constructions by subtly shifting contraceptive and sexual health responsibility onto women. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of men’s expectations of women for upholding constructions of hegemonic masculinity, which legitimate gender inequality in intimacy and are related to men’s underestimation of the risks associated with condom-free sex.
High degree sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) blend with polyvinylidene fluoride as a potential proton-conducting membrane fuel cell
Authors: Sayed Daud Syarifah Noor Syakiylla , Mohd Norddin Muhammad Noorul Anam , Jaafar Juhana , Sudirman Rubita
Published: May 2019

Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) membrane is a promising proton-conducting membrane for fuel cell. However, the performance and lifetime of sPEEK membrane depend on the degree of sulfonation (DS). High DS of sPEEK increases the performance, but the mechanical properties could deteriorate progressively which affect its lifetime. Thus, this study investigated the effect of adding polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) into high DS (80%) of sPEEK through solution blending method toward its physicochemical properties and morphology structures. The PVDF concentration was varied to 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% relative to the sPEEK content. The existence of hydrophobic PVDF in 80% sPEEK improved the mechanical properties where the water uptake and swelling degree of membrane decreased, whereas the tensile strength increased. The sPEEK/PVDF 15 exhibited the highest proton conductivity (46.23 mS cm−1) at 80°C. Incorporating PVDF into high DS of sPEEK enhanced the mechanical properties which can be used as a proton-conducting membrane for fuel cell that may improve the performance and prolong the lifetime of the cell.
Safer sex intentions modify the relationship between substance use and sexual risk behavior among black South African men who have sex with men
Authors: Knox Justin , Reddy Vasu , Lane Tim , Lovasi Gina S , Hasin Deborah , Sandfort Theo
Published: May 2019

Due to the global burden of HIV, a better understanding of the relationship between substance use and HIV risk behavior is a public health priority, particularly among populations with high rates of HIV infection. The current study explored the moderating effects of psychosocial factors on the relationship between substance use and sexual risk behavior. Among 480 black South African men who have sex with men recruited using respondent-driven sampling, a cross-sectional survey was conducted that included questions about their last sexual event that involved anal sex. Substance use was not associated with unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) ( P = 0.97). The effect of substance use on UAI was modified by safer sex intentions ( P = 0.001). Among those with higher safer sex intentions, substance use was positively associated with UAI (aOR = 5.8, 95%CI = 1.6–21.3, P < 0.01). This study found that among men who have sex with men with high intentions to engage in safer sex, substance use was associated with increased risky sexual behavior.
Workers’ Fight for Justice: A Retrospective Exposure Profile Study of the GE Factory in Peterborough, Ontario
Authors: DeMatteo Robert , DeMatteo Dale
Published: May 2019

Occupational disease recognition is often hampered by lack of historical exposure data. This paper describes research documenting major chemical exposures of Canadian General Electric workers in a plant in Peterborough between 1945 and 2000. Workers’ experiences with diseases over forty years, and their frustration with the continual denial that these were work-related, drove this study. Researchers used qualitative methods, participatory action research, hazard mapping, and risk assessment. A report that incorporates this study’s findings documents extremely toxic exposures that placed Canadian General Electric workers at a disproportionate risk of occupational diseases. Since the report’s release, the Ontario Workplace Safety and Insurance Board reconsidered 233 previously denied claims in the light of “new evidence” and overturned one half of those it reviewed. The retrospective exposure profile methods used in this study may serve as a useful model for workers and their organization when plants close.
“Exposed and Vulnerable”: Parent Reports of Their Child’s Experience of Multidisciplinary Craniofacial Consultations
Authors: Billaud Feragen Kristin , Myhre Anita , Stock Nicola Marie
Published: May 2019

Objective:

Childhood is a period of extensive socioemotional development, which can be impacted by the presence of a congenital craniofacial anomaly (CFA). Complex multidisciplinary treatment and long-term follow-up are normally required, yet understanding of children’s treatment experiences is limited. The objective of this study was to investigate children’s experiences of multidisciplinary team (MDT) consultations from the perspective of their parents.

Design:

Thirty-eight parents of children with a rare CFA were interviewed in person or over the telephone. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and explored using thematic analysis.

Results:

Background factors influencing the child’s experience of the consultation included age, developmental stage, personality, and prior treatment experiences. Participants tried to prepare their child for meeting the MDT, but did not fully understand what to expect themselves. During consultations, participants were acutely focused on their child’s emotional state, making it difficult to balance their desire to protect the child from potentially negative experiences, and the need to engage in a constructive dialogue with health professionals. Participants believed that health professionals’ conduct could considerably influence the child’s well-being and subsequent treatment decisions. Finally, participants highlighted the need to debrief their child to help them adjust positively.

Conclusions:

The ultimate goal of craniofacial care is to help children develop into confident adults who are able to cope with the challenges associated with their condition. Multidisciplinary teams play a vital role in creating a safe and supportive environment in which children feel genuinely informed and involved in key aspects of their care.
Value of Preoperative Imaging and Intraoperative Histopathology in Morton’s Neuroma
Authors: Raouf Tammer , Rogero Ryan , McDonald Elizabeth , Fuchs Daniel , Shakked Rachel J. , Winters Brian S. , Daniel Joseph N. , Pedowitz David I. , Raikin Steven M.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Recent studies have demonstrated that clinical diagnosis of Morton’s neuroma is highly correlated with operative and histopathologic diagnosis, whereas others have questioned the cost-effectiveness of intraoperative histopathology of excised specimens. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of both preoperative imaging and intraoperative histology in the treatment of Morton’s neuroma in making an accurate diagnosis, guiding treatment decisions, and altering clinical outcomes.

Methods:

A retrospective review was performed on all patients who underwent operative resection suspected Morton’s neuroma with 4 fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeons between 2007 and 2017. Procedures were excluded from the study if the pathology report was not available for review. Diagnoses were made either by clinical examination and/or by the results of preoperative imaging. All pathology reports were reviewed to determine the final diagnosis, considered the “gold standard.” Postoperative chart notes were reviewed to determine if any treatment regimen was altered based on the pathology report revealing an alternate diagnosis other than Morton’s neuroma. Two hundred eighty-seven procedures in 269 patients with 313 clinically suspected neuromas met inclusion criteria.

Results:

Of the 313 suspected neuromas, 309 (98.7%) were confirmed Morton’s neuromas on histopathologic examination. For no patient did the results of the pathology report alter the postoperative treatment course. Preoperative imaging results were available for 179 (57.2%) suspected neuromas, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography used to preoperatively image 121 and 71 suspected neuromas, respectively, including 13 using both. The total estimated cost of histopathologic analysis for the cohort was $143 667, and the estimated combined cost of preoperative imaging and intraoperative histopathology in our cohort totaled $278 567.

Conclusion:

Our study found that the diagnosis of Morton’s neuroma could be made clinically with extreme accuracy and positive predictive value, calling into question the utility and costs of other imaging modalities and intraoperative sampling for histopathologic diagnosis.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Are they not Nigerians? The obligation of the state to end discriminatory practices against persons with disabilities
Authors: Arimoro Augustine Edobor
Published: May 2019

Nigeria has ratified several international instruments that protect the rights of, and guarantee freedom from discrimination of persons with disabilities (PWD). Despite the above, the country is yet to fully implement the appropriate measures required to achieve the objective of protecting PWD. Successive administrations since the return to civil administration in the country in 1999 have not fulfilled the mandate in the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended) dealing with disability rights. While the passing into law in January 2019 of the Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities (Prohibition) Act 2018 is commendable, it only reflects the pressure on the Federal Government of Nigeria by disability rights advocates and PWD. This article aims to, among others, highlight the plight of PWD in Nigeria, the need to protect their rights and guarantee their freedom from discriminatory practices. To achieve this aim, a review of international and domestic instruments, as well as literature on the subject, is undertaken. The article proposes that the Nigerian government should aim towards inclusivity and accommodation of PWD. For example, instead of merely establishing special schools for PWD, there should be a design to allow for the training of teachers to meet the needs of special children in regular schools.
Exploring elderly patients’ experiences of recovery following complex proximal humerus fracture: A qualitative study
Authors: Sabharwal Sanjeeve , Archer Stephanie , Cadoux-Hudson Daniel , Griffiths Dylan , Gupte Chinmay M , Reilly Peter
Published: May 2019

This study explores the experiences and perceptions of recovery in elderly patients who had sustained a proximal humerus fracture. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 patients over the age of 65. Thematic analysis identified aspects of care that impacted upon patient experience and quality of life. Seven main patient-reported themes were identified, including pain, sleep, shoulder function, emotional state, social support, relationship with their professional and experience of healthcare institution. These themes offer insight into the experiences of adults receiving care for proximal humerus fracture and highlight that existing quantitative measures of quality of life do not measure domains that are important to patients.
‘I was exhausted trying to figure it out’: The experiences of females receiving an autism diagnosis in middle to late adulthood
Authors: Leedham Alexandra , Thompson Andrew R , Smith Richard , Freeth Megan
Published: May 2019

Females often receive autism spectrum condition diagnoses later than males, leaving needs misunderstood. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of female adults diagnosed with an autism spectrum condition in middle to late adulthood. Eleven autistic females diagnosed over the age of 40 years completed semi-structured interviews, analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Four superordinate themes emerged: A hidden condition (pretending to be normal and fitting in; mental health and mislabelling), The process of acceptance (initial reactions and search for understanding; re-living life through a new lens), The impact of others post-diagnosis (initial reactions; stereotyped assumptions), and A new identity on the autism spectrum (negotiating relationships, connections and community; changing well-being and views of the self; the meaning of diagnosis). Findings highlight several factors not previously identified that affect late diagnosis in females, including widespread limited understandings of others. Diagnosis was experienced by several participants as facilitating transition from being self-critical to self-compassionate, coupled with an increased sense of agency. Participants experienced a change in identity that enabled greater acceptance and understanding of the self. However, this was painful to adjust to at such a late stage.
Victimization of young foreigners in Italy
Authors: Policek Nicoletta , Ravagnani Luisa , Romano Carlo A.
Published: May 2019

This article reports on data collected in Italy as part of the International Self-Report Delinquency Study 3 (ISRD-3). Specifically, we examine whether being a young foreigner in Italy is a relevant factor in experiencing victimization. We found that having one or both parents who are foreign translates for young people into a highly critical experience of victimization. However, their experiences are varied and complex. This research thus contributes to the necessity to account for the diversification of such experiences and the everyday negotiations within which young foreigners become visible and able to produce community and nation.
An increased skin microvessel density is associated with neurovascular complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Adamska Anna , Pilacinski Stanislaw , Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz Dorota , Gandecka Agnieszka , Grzelka Agata , Konwerska Aneta , Malinska Agnieszka , Nowicki Michal , Araszkiewicz Aleksandra
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to assess the blood vessel density and maturity in the skin of adults with type 1 diabetes in relation to the presence of late neurovascular complications. We included 148 patients (87 men) with a median (interquartile range) age of 41 (31–49) and median diabetes duration of 21 (17–30) years. Microvessel (CD133, CD34, CD31 and von Willebrand factor) markers were evaluated by indirect immunohistochemistry assay in material from a skin biopsy. Diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed using direct ophthalmoscopy, and diabetic kidney disease was estimated in people with increased albuminuria and a 10-year duration of diabetes or evidence of diabetic retinopathy . Diabetic peripheral neuropathy diagnosis was based on Toronto definition, cardiac autonomic neuropathy on validated ProSciCard III program. Microvessel density, assessed by CD34 and CD133, was significantly higher in patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy [160 (125–175) vs 121 (100–154)/1 mm2, p = 0.001 and 92 (83–104) vs 79 (63–92)/1 mm2, p = 0.007, respectively] and CD34 in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy [135 (106–168) vs 121 (95–145)/1 mm2, p = 0.018], as compared with subjects without complications. In multivariate logistic regression, density of CD34 and CD133 positive vessels was associated with presence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy [odds ratio 1.016 (95% confidence interval: 1.002–1.029), p = 0.019 and odds ratio 1.037 (95% confidence interval: 1.008–1.067), p = 0.011, respectively]. It was independent from age, sex, diabetes duration, smoking status, body mass index and HbA1c value. Density of CD34 positive vessels was also associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, independently from sex and diabetes duration [odds ratio 1.009 (95% confidence interval: 1.001–1.020), p = 0.037]. Skin microvessel density is increased in adults with clinical evidence of neurovascular complications of type 1 diabetes. This is associated with predominance of the vessels of low maturity.
Community Understanding of Contraception During the Zika Virus Outbreak in Puerto Rico
Authors: August Euna M. , Rosenthal Jackie , Torrez Ruben , Romero Lisa , Berry-Bibee Erin N. , Frey Meghan T. , Torres Ricardo , Rivera-García Brenda , Honein Margaret A. , Jamieson Denise J. , Lathrop Eva
Published: May 2019

In response to the Zika virus outbreak in Puerto Rico (2015-2016), the Zika Contraception Access Network (Z-CAN) was established to provide same-day access to the full range of reversible contraception at no cost to women. Formative research was conducted to inform the development of a communication campaign about Z-CAN. Ten focus groups with women and men, aged 18 to 49 years, in Puerto Rico were conducted to collect data on contraception awareness, use, and decision making during the Zika outbreak, as well as culturally appropriate messaging and outreach strategies. Thematic analysis was conducted using the constant comparative method. Data showed that there was community awareness regarding Zika in Puerto Rico. However, it was not a motivating factor in contraception decision making; instead, economic factors were the major drivers. Most participants preferred to receive information on contraception, potential side effects, and where to access contraceptive services via Internet-based channels and health care providers. Based on these findings, the Ante La Duda, Pregunta [When in Doubt, Ask] campaign was launched to promote awareness of Z-CAN services among those who chose to prevent pregnancy during the Zika outbreak. Our results underscore the importance of conducting formative research to develop communication initiatives, while also demonstrating that it is feasible to perform these activities as part of an emergency response.
Prognostic and Predictive Values of Metabolic Parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Chemotherapy
Authors: Li Xueyan , Wang Dawei , Yu Lijuan
Published: May 2019

Objectives:

Increasing interests have been focused on using artificial intelligence (AI) to extend prognostic value of medical imaging. Feature extraction is a critical step for successful application of AI. The aim of this study was to explore several metabolic parameters measured by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as potential AI features in predicting the effectiveness of chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods:

A set of metabolic parameters of PET/CT and clinical characteristics were detected from 137 patients with NSCLC treated with at least 1 cycle of chemotherapy. Survival receiver–operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to define the more significant parameters chosen for the following survival analysis. Patient survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox regression.

Results:

Survival ROC showed that maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume 50% (MTV50), and total lesion glycolysis 50% (TLG50) had larger area under the curve, and the optimal cutoff values were 11.72, 4.04, and 34.55, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses synergistically showed that late PET/CT stage and MTV50 >4.04 were independent factors of poor survival in patients with NSCLC who received chemotherapy.

Conclusions:

Several potential prognostic biomarkers of PET/CT imaging have been extracted for predicting survival and selecting patients with NSCLC who are more likely to benefit from chemotherapy. The identification may accelerate the development of AI methods to improve treatment outcome for NSCLC.
Inflammation, depression and cardiovascular disease in women: the role of the immune system across critical reproductive events
Authors: Mattina Gabriella F. , Van Lieshout Ryan J. , Steiner Meir
Published: May 2019

Women are at increased risk for developing depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) across the lifespan and their comorbidity is associated with adverse outcomes that contribute significantly to rates of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Immune-system activity has been implicated in the etiology of both depression and CVD, but it is unclear how inflammation contributes to sex differences in this comorbidity. This narrative review provides an updated synthesis of research examining the association of inflammation with depression and CVD, and their comorbidity in women. Recent research provides evidence of pro-inflammatory states and sex differences associated with alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and the serotonin/kynurenine pathway, that likely contribute to the development of depression and CVD. Changes to inflammatory cytokines in relation to reproductive periods of hormonal fluctuation (i.e. the menstrual cycle, perinatal period and menopause) are highlighted and provide a greater understanding of the unique vulnerability women experience in developing both depressed mood and adverse cardiovascular events. Inflammatory biomarkers hold substantial promise when combined with a patient’s reproductive and mental health history to aid in the prediction, identification and treatment of the women most at risk for CVD and depression. However, more research is needed to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying inflammation in relation to their comorbidity, and how these findings can be translated to improve women’s health.
Wearable devices in healthcare: Privacy and information security issues
Authors: Cilliers Liezel
Published: May 2019

Background:

Mobile health has provided new and exciting ways for patients to partake in their healthcare. Wearable devices are designed to collect the user’s health data, which can be analysed to provide information about the user’s health status. However, little research has been conducted that addresses privacy and information security issues of these devices.

Objective:

To investigate the privacy and information security issues to which users are exposed when using wearable health devices.

Method:

The study used a cross-sectional survey approach to collect data from a convenience sample of 106 respondents.

Results:

Half of the respondents did not understand the need to protect health information. There also appeared to be a general lack of awareness among respondents about the information security issues surrounding their data collected by wearable devices.

Conclusion:

Users were not knowledgeable about the privacy risks that their data are exposed to or how these data are protected once collected.

Implications:

Users of wearable devices that collect personal information about health need to be educated about privacy and information security issues to which they are exposed when using these devices.
A Simple Analysis Method for 4-Deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose Uronic Acid by HPLC-ELSD with Column for Anion Analysis
Authors: Shibata Toshiyuki , Fujii Reona , Nishioka Yoshihiko , Miyake Hideo , Mori Tetsushi , Tanaka Reiji
Published: May 2019

4-Deoxy-l- erythro-5-hexoseulose uronic acid (DEH) is a rare deoxy sugar produced from alginate by the action of an exotype alginate lyase. A simple and rapid method for analyzing DEH using high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) was developed in this study. For chromatography, an isocratic elution of ammonium formate buffer including formic acid and a column for anion chromatography were used. In the developed method, DEH was detected at a retention time of 3.038 minutes and limits of detection (signal-noise ratio = 3) and quantification (signal-noise ratio = 10) were 37.5 and 124.9 µg/mL as a sodium DEH, respectively. In addition, separation and detection of alginate unsaturated oligosaccharides were also tested using the method. Within an analysis time of 10 minutes, it was possible to separate and detect unsaturated disaccharide, unsaturated trisaccharide, and unsaturated tetrasaccharide prepared using poly(β-d-mannuronate) lyase and sodium alginate of high mannuronate type. The HPLC-ELSD method established in this study will be applicable for quantitative analysis of DEH and measurement of exotype alginate lyase activity.
Method of biometric measurement of glenoid cavities: Study scannographic 200 glenoid cavities
Authors: Menu G , Boyer E , El Ramadan S , Torrens C , Obert L , Aubry S
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

Evaluating the size and morphology of the glenoid can help customize the prosthetic treatment. But there are few large workforces in studies examining CT scan measures the glenoid. We report an analysis of the dimensions of the glenoid. Materials and Methods: 100 consecutive chests CT performed 15 months including two non-pathological glenoid cavities were analyzed by three operators. There were 54 women and 46 men with a mean age of 64.8 years (20-92). Each glenoid was evaluated in 2D reconstruction, on several sections, on the CARESTREAM software. We made our measurements only on healthy or slightly worn glenoid. The largest vertical axis, the largest horizontal axis, the surface of the glenoid, and the circle tangent to the inferior pole of the glenoid were analyzed. The depth and the bone stock of the glenoid were measured in 9 points of the circle, divided into four quadrants, corresponding to the screw positions of a metaglenoid.

Results:

For each patient, both glenoid cavities were symmetrical compared to the measured criteria. Measurements on 200 glenoids found themselves: the largest vertical axis reached 38.5 mm (25-51), the largest horizontal axis: 27.9 mm (20-56) and the area circle tangential to the lower pole of the glenoid 624.5mm² diameter (324-983). The analytical study to classify the glenoid cavities by size in 3 families: small (area of the circle = 420mm²), medium (525mm²) and large (685mm²). The average size of the patients was de166.9 (147-192). The dimensions of the glenoid were correlated with the size of the patient for 3 families. The most representative measure of the size of the glenoid was the largest horizontal axis, also corresponding to the diameter of the circle inscribed in the glenoid. We measured the depth of the glenoid at the frequent passage of screws during the placement of glenoid implants. Above 10.7 mm, there is an increased risk of suprascapular nerve injury in the posterosuperior dial of the circle inscribed in the glenoid. We compared intra and inter individual measures between the 3 operators. The measurement method is reliable and reproducible with an average difference of 2.7 mm over all the measurements compared.

Discussion:

These results are similar to those already present in the literature. The large number of patients included in this cohort associated with the reliability and reproducibility of the measurements allow us to adapt this method to the preoperative planning of the placement of glenoid implants in prostheses. The main limitation remains the two-dimensional character of our study.
Critically Exploring Value Destruction to Create More Value
Authors: Mahajan Gautam
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this article is fourfold.

The first is to get practitioners and academics understand the value of a value destruction focus. How can it improve value creation? This is a brand new area that has not hitherto received much attention.

The second is to get practitioners to use this thinking more actively in building their strategy, operational thinking, compliance thought process and regulatory and political (environmental and external) thinking.

The third is to open up a new area of research for academics who work on various subjects where value creation is a goal or is important. Perhaps they can analyse past failures and come up with recipes for greater value creation and a process for analysis before committing to a path of action or they can find better processes for looking at, designing, developing or monitoring strategy, new products and services, new technologies and new operational thinking. What new tools can be developed to analyse or mitigate value destruction or simply foresee these? This should also open a debate and papers in Journal of Creating Value and perhaps lead to a special issue. What techniques can be used to change managerial mind-sets.

Finally and fourth, the aim is to get away from reactive and ‘after-the-fact’ analysis to proactive value creation and reduce value destruction and learn from value destruction potential.
The validity of breath collection bags method in detecting Helicobacter pylori using the novel BreathID®Hp Lab System: a multicenter clinical study in 257 subjects
Authors: Richter Vered , Gonzalez Jeff O. , Hazan Sabine , Gottlieb Gary , Friedenberg Keith , Gatof David , Ganeshappa Ravi , Delgado Jorge-Shmuel , Abramowitz Dov , Hardi Robert , Coates Allan , Haq Mahmudul , Mehta Nilesh , Jones Blake A. , Moss Steven F. , Shirin Haim
Published: May 2019

Background and Aim:

The BreathID® Hp urea breath test provides several advantages over other 13C breath analyzers for the detection of Helicobacter pylori. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of a new BreathID® Hp Lab System (Exalenz Bioscience Ltd, Israel), a 13C-urea breath test system using breath sampling bags that facilitates multiple testing in a multicenter international clinical study.

Methods:

A total of 257 subjects with evaluable results for urea breath test, rapid urease test, and histology were enrolled into two study groups: 189 naïve subjects were included in the pre-therapy group, and 68 subjects comprised the post-eradication therapy group. Analytical studies were conducted to evaluate the stability, reproducibility, and repeatability of the 13C-urea breath test results using a delta over baseline cut-off value of 5.

Results:

Among the pre-therapy subjects evaluated with the composite results from the rapid urease test and histology/immunohistochemistry, 176 results matched those of the urea breath test, resulting in an overall agreement of 98.3% with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97.9%. In the post-eradication therapy cohort, the overall agreement between the urea breath test and the biopsy diagnosis was 98.5%; the sensitivity of the urea breath test in this cohort was 92.3% and the specificity was 100%. There was uniformly high overall reproducibility (99.48%) of the test results over different batches of breath sample bags, when analyzed on different days and under different storage conditions, showing stability of the breath samples in the breath collection bags

Conclusion:

The BreathID® Hp Lab System is a highly accurate and dependable method for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection.