bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Sycoracinae (Diptera, Psychodidae) from southern Brazil
Authors: SANTOS CLAUDINEY BIRAL DOS , BRAVO FREDDY , FALQUETO ALOÍSIO
Published: January 2013

Two new species of Sycorax from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Espírito Santo, Sycorax canaanensis Santos, Bravo & Falqueto sp. nov. and Sycorax tuberculata Santos, Bravo & Falqueto sp. nov. are described and illustrated. Male speci-mens were collected with CDC light traps in the Biological Reserve of Augusto Ruschi, municipality of Santa Teresa, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. This finding raises the number of described Western Hemisphere Sycorax species to 15.
Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Precipitation Using an Object-Based Algorithm
Authors: Skok Gregor , Bacmeister Julio , Tribbia Joseph
Published: January 2013

A recently developed object identification algorithm is applied to multisensor precipitation estimates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM 3B42) to detect and quantify the contribution of tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP) to total precipitation between 1998 and 2008. The study period includes 1144 storms. Estimates of TCP derived here are similar in pattern and seasonal variation to earlier estimates but are somewhat higher in magnitude. Annual-mean TCP fractions of over 20% are diagnosed over large swaths of tropical ocean, with seasonal means in some regions of more than 50%. Interannual variability of TCP is examined, and a small but significant downward trend in global TCP from 1998 to 2008 is found, consistent with results from independent studies examining accumulated cyclone energy (ACE). Relationships between annual-mean ACE and TCP in each major tropical cyclone basin are examined. High correlations are found in almost every basin, although different linear relationships exist in each. The highest ACE/TCP ratios are obtained in the North Atlantic and northeast Pacific basins, with lower ratios present in the northwest Pacific and South Pacific basins.
The Changing Role of Women’s Earnings in Marriage Formation in Japan
Authors: Fukuda Setsuya
Published: January 2013

Japan is one of a few developed countries in which marriage and higher earning potential among women are negatively associated. Previous studies have suggested that a traditional gender division of labor is at the root of this negative relationship, but this study suggests that the relationship is changing. In this article, I examine the latest marriage behavior among Japanese women from 1993 to 2008, focusing on the relationship between women’s economic emancipation and marriage in a gender-traditional society. Using the longest panel survey available in Japan, this study first demonstrates that the effects of women’s earnings have reversed, and are now in fact positive in the 1970s cohort. This suggests that Japanese marriage behaviors now resemble more than in the past those of Western countries, where wives’ economic contributions to the family are considered important. I argue that changes in young adults’ gender ideology have been the major force in facilitating this shift.
Lost in Transformation? The Employment Trajectories of China’s Cultural Revolution Cohort
Authors: Lin Qianhan
Published: January 2013

This article aims to uncover major career trajectories among one particular cohort of Chinese urban residents whose transition to adulthood was greatly disrupted by the Cultural Revolution. Based on the career histories of respondents from a subsample of the 2003 China’s General Social Survey, and with the adoption of the optimal matching and cluster analysis techniques, the analysis reveals a four-cluster typology for career sequences of this cohort from their first employment to the labor market status in the 25th year since first entry. The preservation of the temporal order of career events helps to define a discernible career pathway type for each cluster. A multinomial logistic regression explains how cluster membership relates to a string of background characteristics, specifically showing that the state-initiated rustication experience in youthhood and family resources impacted the Cultural Revolution cohort’s labor market prospects after the economic transformation.
Negotiating Marriage and Schooling
Authors: Ji Yingchun
Published: January 2013

This article investigates ways that young Nepalese women combine family and student roles when transitioning to adulthood. Findings show both women’s and their parents’ education is positively associated with the young women’s school enrollment after marriage. Furthermore, the effect of education on postmarriage schooling is dependent on type of marriage: for lower-educated women, those in an arranged marriage are more likely to continue education than those in a love marriage. However, for better-educated women, those in a love marriage are more likely to continue schooling than those in an arranged marriage. The more educated ones who balance personal autonomy and obedience to cultural authorities win parental support in both their marriage formation and personal development. Unlike the increasingly elongated, sequential transition to adulthood in the Western context, young Nepalese women experience an intense transition to adulthood as they take on family and student roles simultaneously with practical familial support.
Gender and Time for Sleep among U.S. Adults
Authors: Burgard Sarah A. , Ailshire Jennifer A.
Published: January 2013

Do women really sleep more than men? Biomedical and social scientific studies show longer sleep durations for women, a surprising finding given sociological research showing women have more unpaid work and less high-quality leisure time compared to men. We assess explanations for gender differences in time for sleep, including compositional differences in levels of engagement in paid and unpaid labor, gendered responses to work and family responsibilities, and differences in napping, bedtimes, and interrupted sleep for caregiving. We examine the overall gender gap in time for sleep as well as gaps within family life-course stages based on age, partnership, and parenthood statuses. We analyze minutes of sleep from a diary day collected from nationally representative samples of working-age adults in the American Time Use Surveys of 2003 to 2007. Overall and at most life course stages, women slept more than men. Much of the gap is explained by work and family responsibilities and gendered time tradeoffs; as such, gender differences vary across life course stages. The gender gap in sleep time favoring women is relatively small for most comparisons and should be considered in light of the gender gap in leisure time favoring men at all life course stages.
No-Reflow Phenomenon
Authors: Galasso Gennaro , Schiekofer Stephan , D’Anna Carolina , Gioia Giuseppe Di , Piccolo Raffaele , Niglio Tullio , Rosa Roberta De , Strisciuglio Teresa , Cirillo Plinio , Piscione Federico , Trimarco Bruno
Published: January 2013

No-reflow is responsible for 40% of the primary percutaneous coronary intervention without complete myocardial reperfusion despite successful reopening of the infarct-related artery. This review describes the main pathophysiological mechanisms of no-reflow, its clinical manifestation, including the strong association with increased in-hospital mortality, malignant arrhythmias, and cardiac failure as well as the diagnostic methods. The latter ranges from simple angiographic thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grade score to more complex angiographic indexes, imaging techniques such as myocardial contrast echo or cardiac magnetic resonance, and surrogate clinical end points such as ST-segment resolution. This review also summarizes the strategies of prevention and treatment of no-reflow, considering the most recent studies results regarding medical therapy and devices.
Effects of Change Interventions
Authors: Barends Eric , Janssen Barbara , ten Have Wouter , ten Have Steven
Published: January 2013

Despite the popularity of organizational change management, the question arises whether its prescriptions are based on solid and convergent evidence. To answer this question, a systematic review was conducted of organizational change management research published in scholarly journals during the past 30 years. The databases ABI/INFORM, Business Source Premier, ERIC, and PsycINFO were searched for relevant studies. A total of 563 studies met the review’s criteria. Assessment shows a predominance of one-shot studies with a low internal validity. Replication studies are rare. Findings suggest that scholars and practitioners should be sceptical regarding the body of research results in the field of organizational change management published to date. Prescriptions are offered for researchers, editors, and educators to develop a more solid body of evidence on organizational change management.
From Death to Life
Authors: Demers Anne L.
Published: January 2013

Experiences of 17 female Iraq War veterans were explored to understand the challenges of reintegrating into civilian life and the impact on mental health. All respondents completed preliminary electronic surveys and participated in one of two focus groups. High levels of distress exist among veterans who are caught between military and civilian cultures, coping with war experiences, feeling alienated from family and friends, and attempting to negotiate gender and identity. Narrative is identified as a means of resolution. Recommendations include development of social support and transition groups; military cultural competence training for therapists, social workers, and college counselors; and further research to identify appropriate military response and paths to successful reintegration into society.
Forecasting is difficult, especially about the future
Authors: Gleditsch Kristian Skrede , Ward Michael D
Published: January 2013

Prediction is an important goal in the study of international conflict, but a large body of research has found that existing statistical models generally have disappointing predictive abilities. We show that most efforts build on models unlikely to be helpful for prediction. Many models essentially ignore the origins of conflict; studies look either at invariant structural features believed to affect the opportunities of conflict, or at factors that are believed to reduce the baseline risk of conflict, without attempting to identify the potential motivations and contentious issues over which conflicts typically arise. Researchers that have considered how contentious issues may motivate conflict and how these can be managed, using the Issues Correlates of War (ICOW) data, have not considered how these features may inform prediction. We assess the risk of dyadic interstate conflict based on the presence of specific contentious issues and conflict management events that may change the conflict potential of these contentious issues. We evaluate to what extent incorporating contentious issues and conflict management can help improve out-of-sample forecasting, as well as advance our understanding of conflict dynamics. Our results provide strong support for the idea that taking into account contentious issues can inform and improve out-of-sample forecasting.
An Analysis of the Rise and Fall of the AA-MAS Policy
Authors: Lazarus Sheryl S. , Thurlow Martha L. , Ysseldyke James E. , Edwards Lynn M.
Published: January 2013

In 2005, to address concerns about students who might fall in the “gap” between the regular assessment and the alternate assessment based on alternate achievement standards (AA-AAS), the U.S. Department of Education announced that states could develop alternate assessments based on modified achievement standards (AA-MAS). This article reports empirical evidence on characteristics of students participating in the AA-MAS, how students were assigned to test types, research on changes in assessment designs over a 4-year period, and changes in rates of participation and proficiency. The results suggest states and districts have struggled with how to appropriately assign students to this test option, and that there is a need to ensure this group of students has access to rigorous standards-based content. It concludes with a discussion of what can be learned from this policy attempt to resolve a very real problem as the United States moves toward the next generation of assessments.
The Predictive Performance of Multilevel Models of Housing Sub-markets: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Leishman Chris , Costello Greg , Rowley Steven , Watkins Craig
Published: January 2013

Much of the housing sub-market literature has focused on establishing methods that allow the partitioning of data into distinct market segments. This paper seeks to move the focus on to the question of how best to model sub-markets once they have been identified. It focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of multilevel models as a technique for modelling sub-markets. The paper uses data on housing transactions from Perth, Western Australia, to develop and compare three competing sub-market modelling strategies. Model 1 consists of a city-wide ‘benchmark’; model 2 provides a series of sub-market-specific hedonic estimates (this is the ‘industry standard’) and models 3 and 4 provide two variants on the multilevel model (differentiated by variation in the degrees of spatial granularity embedded in the model structure). The results suggest that the more granular multilevel specification enhances empirical performance and reduces the incidence of non-random spatial errors.
Awakening from the nightmarish slumber of phantasmagoria
Authors: Panfilio Kenneth Michael
Published: January 2013

Walter Benjamin is discussed in this article to speak to the character of our experiences in the world as we try to animate our freedom in the midst of phantasmagoria. While we may indeed be trapped in the slumber of phantasmagoria and its many nightmares of despair, it is still possible to blast away the sands of sleep and awaken to a morally redeemed world fashioned through our engagement with various dreams of freedom. First, this article will explore the concept of phantasmagoria, which is a symbolically rich term used by Benjamin to speak to the complex ways in which we are mired within the combined material and aesthetic trappings of an advanced capitalist world.

Such an exploration will consider three archetypes of character (the gambler, the flâneur and the collector) and their corresponding experiences (fashion, boredom and interiority) in an attempt to unite various convolutes from The Arcades Project to consider freedom in a world spectrally haunted by such phantasmagoria. Second, we will consider the possibility of becoming dialectically startled before the angel of history and its potential to animate our weak Messianic power. Such an act must involve the building-up of a redemptive imagination as a means to speak the truth of our place as the makers of value in the world challenged to destine our own journey in the ongoing project of justice.
Reconstructing republican freedom
Authors: Thompson Michael J.
Published: January 2013

This article presents a critique of Philip Pettit’s concept of ‘freedom as non-domination’ and provides an alternative theory of both domination and republican political freedom. I argue that Pettit’s neo-republican concept of domination is insufficient to confront modern forms of domination and that this hampers his concept of republican freedom and its political relevance under the conditions of modernity. Whereas the neo-republican account of domination is defined by ‘arbitrary interference’, modern forms of domination, I argue, are characterized by routinization and systemic forms of control and subordination. In the end, the neo-republican account of domination is more appropriate for 17th- and 18th-century social institutions rather than those that persist under modernity. In its place, I propose a more dynamic concept of domination and rework the concept of freedom in order to place the republican tradition within the context of modernity itself. I argue that the core insight of republicanism is its emphasis on the arrangement and reformation of social institutions to enhance social freedom. From this, I argue that republicanism can take its place as a more attractive alternative to liberal theory.
The Impact of a Sports Initiative for Young Men in Prison
Authors: Meek Rosie , Lewis Gwen
Published: January 2013

This study presents the prisoner and prison staff ideographic experiences of an English initiative which aimed to use sport as a way of engaging young men in identifying and meeting their reentry (or “resettlement”) needs in the transition from prison custody to the community. Young men aged between 18 to 21 years old ( N = 79) participated in the prison-based sporting “academies” and the qualitative findings demonstrated how the initiative led to perceived benefits in terms of a positive impact on prison life and culture, preparation for release, improved attitudes, thinking and behavior, and in promoting desistance from crime. The results help to delineate how and why sports based interventions can motivate imprisoned young offenders in reentry programs, with the ultimate aim of reducing reoffending.
Going from bad to worse? Social policy and the demise of the Social Fund
Authors: Drakeford Mark , Davidson Kirrin
Published: January 2013

This paper considers the origins and traces the history of the Social Fund, an ideologically-motivated social policy departure of the Thatcher era. It identifies the controversy, in research communities amongst others, which surrounded the establishment of the Fund, and considers the evidence of recurring difficulties in its practical operation over a thirty-year period. It then turns to the Coalition administration in Westminster’s decision to divest itself of responsibility for key parts of the Fund, devolving such obligations to local authorities in England, the Parliament in Scotland and the Assembly in Wales. The paper sets out a comparison of the approaches being developed to discharge the Fund’s prior responsibilities in the three nations. It concludes that the essential policy thrust lies in a determination to roll back central state obligations in poverty relief and income maintenance which had hitherto been accepted by all post-war administrations.
Surrogate Decision Making
Authors: Frey Renato , Hertwig Ralph , Herzog Stefan M.
Published: January 2013

Objective. Making surrogate decisions on behalf of incapacitated patients can raise difficult questions for relatives, physicians, and society. Previous research has focused on the accuracy of surrogate decisions (i.e., the proportion of correctly inferred preferences). Less attention has been paid to the procedural satisfaction that patients’ surrogates and patients attribute to specific approaches to making surrogate decisions. The objective was to investigate hypothetical patients’ and surrogates’ procedural satisfaction with specific approaches to making surrogate decisions and whether implementing these preferences would lead to tradeoffs between procedural satisfaction and accuracy. Methods. Study 1 investigated procedural satisfaction by assigning participants (618 in a mixed-age but relatively young online sample and 50 in an older offline sample) to the roles of hypothetical surrogates or patients. Study 2 (involving 64 real multigenerational families with a total of 253 participants) investigated accuracy using 24 medical scenarios. Results. Hypothetical patients and surrogates had closely aligned preferences: Procedural satisfaction was highest with a patient-designated surrogate, followed by shared surrogate decision-making approaches and legally assigned surrogates. These approaches did not differ substantially in accuracy. Limitations are that participants’ preferences regarding existing and novel approaches to making surrogate decisions can only be elicited under hypothetical conditions. Conclusions. Next to decision making by patient-designated surrogates, shared surrogate decision making is the preferred approach among patients and surrogates alike. This approach appears to impose no tradeoff between procedural satisfaction and accuracy. Therefore, shared decision making should be further studied in representative samples of the general population, and if people’s preferences prove to be robust, they deserve to be weighted more strongly in legal frameworks in addition to patient-designated surrogates.
Governance Regimes for Protected Geographic Indicators
Authors: Skilton Paul F. , Wu Zhaohui
Published: January 2013

Using a method based on historical narrative, we argue that the structure of governance regimes impacts the effectiveness of the marketing systems associated with protected geographic indicators (PGIs). A PGI is a form of communal intellectual property that is combined with privately held resources to enable the exclusive production and marketing of traditional specialty food and beverage products. We use two factors to differentiate governance regimes: the heterogeneity of producer interests and capabilities and the level of communal control over production and marketing. Together these factors determine how committed producers are to participation and how strongly they coordinate their actions. Commitment and coordination in turn influence the quality and consistency of production, the effectiveness of promotion, the kinds of placement the product can achieve, and the availability of price premiums.
Biotechnology and the Normative Significance of Human Nature: A Contribution from Theological Anthropology
Authors: McKenny Gerald
Published: January 2013

Does human nature possess normative significance? If so, what is it and what implications does it have for biotechnology? This essay critically examines three answers to these questions. One answer focuses on human nature as the ground of natural goods or goods dependent on human nature, another answer finds normative significance in the indeterminacy or malleability of human nature, and a third answer treats human nature as a natural sign of divine grace. Kathryn Tanner, who offers the second answer, and Karl Barth, who offers the third, deny that nature has normative status in itself, apart from grace, but differ over the relation of grace to human nature as created. While indebted to Tanner, this essay favors Barth’s view as best suited to a Christian ethics of biotechnology.
Owning Our Bodies? The Politics of Self-Possession and the Body of Christ (Hobbes, Locke and Paul)
Authors: Wannenwetsch Bernd
Published: January 2013

This essay investigates the idea of self-proprietorship as the concealed ideological basis beneath our most fraught ethical discourses on bodily matters pertaining to birth, health, sex and death. It questions the sense in which such discourses, and their corresponding societal practices, in turn serve as a practical apology for this troubling anthropology that has come to sustain capitalism. ‘Self-proprietorship’ is analysed for its phenomenological basis in the actual task of learning to own one’s body, and traced in its early philosophical instantiations in Hobbes and Locke. These sources are then contrasted with an account of non-proprietary possession of one’s body, rooted in the astonishing authority granted the spouses in Paul’s letter to the Corinthians, a nuanced treatment of porneia and chastity, and the evocative bodily receptions of Christian worship.
Making Sense of Nonsense
Authors: Shen Luxi , Urminsky Oleg
Published: January 2013

When are people sensitive to the magnitude of numerical information presented in unfamiliar units, such as a price in a foreign currency or a measurement of an unfamiliar product attribute? We propose that people exhibit deliberational blindness, a failure to consider the meaning of even unfamiliar units. When an unfamiliar unit is not salient, people fail to take their lack of knowledge into account, and their judgments reflect sensitivity to the magnitude of the number. However, subtly manipulating the visual salience of the unit (e.g., enlarging its font size relative to the font size of the number) prompts recognition of the unit’s unfamiliarity and reduces magnitude sensitivity. In five experiments, we demonstrated this unit-salience effect, provided evidence for deliberational blindness, and ruled out alternative explanations, such as nonperception and fluency. These findings have implications for decision making involving numerical information expressed in both unfamiliar units and familiar but poorly calibrated units.
Interval estimation of random effects in proportional hazards models with frailties
Authors: Ha Il Do , Vaida Florin , Lee Youngjo
Published: January 2013

Semi-parametric frailty models are widely used to analyze clustered survival data. In this article, we propose the use of the hierarchical likelihood interval for individual frailties. We study the relationship between hierarchical likelihood, empirical Bayesian, and fully Bayesian intervals for frailties. We show that our proposed interval can be interpreted as a frequentist confidence interval and Bayesian credible interval under a uniform prior. We also propose an adjustment of the proposed interval to avoid null intervals. Simulation studies show that the proposed interval preserves the nominal confidence level. The procedure is illustrated using data from a multicenter lung cancer clinical trial.
Older people in long-term care settings as research informants
Authors: Suhonen Riitta , Stolt Minna , Leino-Kilpi Helena
Published: January 2013

Conducting nursing research in long-term care facilities and with samples of older people requires careful attention to research ethics and the ethical conduct of the study. This review analysed the research ethics of the empirical studies that focus on older people in long-term care settings as research participants. Articles (n = 66) focussing on older people in long-term care settings as research informants were retrieved from an electronic search of MEDLINE (1990 to February 2012) using the MESH terms ‘Nursing’ AND ‘Long-term care’ (578 citations) and ‘Institutionalization’ and ‘Nursing’ (89 citations). Ethical approval procedure was reported in more than half of the studies (58%) and informed consent in two-thirds of the studies (70%). Ethical issues in data collection were described in most of the articles, but only a few reported ethics in problem statement, reporting or presenting implications. There is a need to focus on reporting research ethics and procedures in empirical research on vulnerable people.
Experimental characterization and modeling of circular actuators made of interpenetrating polymer network–reinforced acrylic elastomer
Authors: Schmidt Arne , Bergamini Andrea E , Kovacs Gabor , Mazza Edoardo
Published: January 2013

Interpenetrating polymer network–reinforced acrylic elastomers used for dielectric elastomer actuators are made by introducing a curable and cross-linkable liquid additive into a highly prestretched acrylic elastomer membrane. After curing the additive, force equilibrium between the polymeric networks preserves part of the prestretch, after the external forces are removed. This leads to a material system with promising properties for applications as dielectric elastomer transducers. This work presents an experimental electromechanical characterization of circular actuators made of interpenetrating polymer network–reinforced acrylic elastomers. The relative dielectric permittivity and passive mechanical response of interpenetrating polymer network membranes with different material compositions were characterized. Circular actuators were tested leading to 70 measured responses of 8 interpenetrating polymer network membranes at different voltage levels. The active deformation at a given voltage was found to increase with the amount of secondary network. This effect is mainly attributed to the decreasing membrane thickness. The actuation performance and variability of the active response can be evaluated based on these observations. Furthermore, the present data can be used to develop and validate models of interpenetrating polymer network actuators. All experiments were compared with corresponding finite element simulations using membrane-specific model equations.
Transient effect modelling of magnetorheological fluid–based damper at low speed and its comparison with the existing magnetorheological damper models
Authors: Bhatnagar Rajeev Mohan
Published: January 2013

This article presents a transient model of a magnetorheological damper, which takes into account the effect of Duhamel’s superposition of the variation of magnetorheological damper piston velocity with time. The magnetorheological fluid flow channel studied in this work is in the shape of an annular gap between the piston and the bore of the cylinder of the magnetorheological damper. The model was derived using a Bingham plastic model for shear stress versus shear rate behaviour of the magnetorheological fluid by applying the combination of Laplace and Weber transforms to the Navier–Stokes equations for obtaining the analytical solutions of the velocity in the sheared regions in a given cross section of an annular magnetorheological fluid flow channel. The solution is further modified to include the effect of time variation of piston velocity by using Duhamel’s superposition integral. The equations of the velocity profiles have been used to obtain the equations of mass flow rate balance, velocity compatibility for the plug flow boundaries and equilibrium of forces acting on the plug. The set of non-linear algebraic equations has been solved by Newton–Raphson’s method. The proposed model has been validated by comparison with the experimental results.
When a Child Dies
Authors: Thieleman Kara , Cacciatore Joanne
Published: January 2013

The upcoming fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has incited vociferous debate among academics, clinicians, and the general public. Two contested changes are eliminating the bereavement exclusion from the major depressive disorder diagnosis and creating a new category for intense and prolonged grief called persistent complex bereavement-related disorder. This article critically analyzes research and debate regarding these two changes and considers the likely implications for bereaved parents and other traumatically bereaved groups, who may be especially vulnerable to consequences of the two proposed changes.
The Role of Shared Mental Model Development in Understanding Virtual Team Effectiveness
Authors: Maynard M. Travis , Gilson Lucy L.
Published: January 2013

In this article we develop a conceptual framework that examines the relationship between shared mental models, task interdependence, and virtual team performance. In addition, we use media synchronicity theory to examine how various attributes of the technologies used by virtual teams to communicate can influence the development of shared mental models. Finally, we employ a sense-making lens to explore in more detail how features inherent to different communication technologies influence the development of shared mental models. Our goal is that through examining these relationships, some of the mixed findings in prior virtual team research may be better explained.
Control level simulation of an automatic storage and retrieval system in the automotive industry
Authors: Ko Minsuk , Park Sang C , Chang Minho
Published: January 2013

Conventional simulators have focused on the abstract aspects of an automatic storage and retrieval system, which mainly deals with design verification, alternative comparison, and system diagnosis. Although such simulators can provide overall system visibility by monitoring how well the process works, the simulation models are not sufficiently realistic for detailed design and implementation purposes. To address this problem, we propose a method of control level simulation of an automatic storage and retrieval system in an automobile plant. The proposed method involves four major steps: (1) designing the process and layout for effective storage and retrieval; (2) abstract simulation of the automatic storage and retrieval system; (3) preparing the mechanical design to obtain three-dimensional kinematic models and the electrical design to produce a control program and a plant model; and (4) control level simulation of the automatic storage and retrieval system, including both manual mode and automode simulations via a human–machine interface. The major benefit of the proposed method is the reduction of the construction time and effort required to validate the programmable logic controller program of a real automatic storage and retrieval system, since potential errors can be detected and fixed before actual implementation.
Dangers in the Medicine Cabinet
Authors: Vaughn L. Michelle , Donohoe Krista
Published: January 2013

Accidental poisonings and abuse of prescription drugs have been classified as an epidemic by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). Health care providers, especially those who practice in the home environment, should be aware of the scope of this problem as well as the recommendations for management and disposal of unused prescription drugs that are present in the home. This article reviews the problem of accidental poisonings and prescription drug abuse, and summarizes recommendations provided by various government agencies for appropriate management and disposal of prescription drugs.
Toward a Theory of Sustainability Management
Authors: Starik Mark , Kanashiro Patricia
Published: January 2013

The continuing evolution and increasing salience of the concept and practice of sustainability among individuals, organizations, and societies worldwide appears to warrant the development of conceptual approaches to theories of sustainability management for application to management research, education, and practice. While other management theories have been employed by many management scholars to help explain the need for and advancement of sustainability management, none of those theories appear to have the unique features, benefits, opportunities, challenges, or orientations to assist individuals, organizations, and societies to move toward sustainability as much and as soon as appears necessary. However, since the consideration of theories of sustainability management is relatively new for most management scholars, the authors hope this article begins a dialogue among those stakeholders to better describe, develop, and apply this and related theories of sustainability management as significantly, effectively, and urgently as possible.
Understanding Willingness to Pay for Social Network Sites
Authors: Vock Marlene , Dolen Willemijn van , Ruyter Ko de
Published: January 2013

The authors investigate how perceived customer value can be translated into economic returns for online social network sites (SNS). The (joint) impact of two value propositions, social capital and entitativity, is assessed. Perceived economic and social customer value are investigated as outcomes of these propositions. Two studies reveal that entitativity and social capital impact members’ willingness to pay (WtP) membership fees, either directly or indirectly. Moreover, the predictive ability of perceived economic and social customer value regarding WtP depends on the type of membership and the type of social network. SNS providers are advised to emphasize the benefits their users actually take advantage of. While for professional SNS, it seems advisable to stress both social and economic value, particularly for premium members, in socially oriented SNS premium members seem to be driven more by social value. Other theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Discrepancy between use of lean body mass or nitrogen balance to determine protein requirements for adult cats
Authors: Laflamme Dorothy P , Hannah Steven S
Published: January 2013

This study was undertaken to contrast the minimum protein intake needed to maintain nitrogen balance or lean body mass (LBM) in adult cats using a prospective evaluation of 24 adult, neutered male cats fed one to three different diets. Following a 1-month baseline period during which all cats consumed a 34% protein diet, cats were fed a 20% (LO), 26% (MOD) or 34% (HI) protein diet for 2 months. During the baseline period and following the 2-month feeding period, nitrogen balance was assessed using a 96-h complete collection of urine and feces, and LBM was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Weight loss increased in a linear manner with decreasing protein intake ( P <0.01), despite no significant difference in calorie intake. Linear regression of the data indicated that approximately 1.5 g protein/kg (2.1 g/kg0.75) body weight is needed to maintain nitrogen balance, while 5.2 g protein/kg (7.8 g/kg0.75) body weight is needed to maintain LBM. This study provides evidence that nitrogen balance studies are inadequate for determining optimum protein requirements. Animals, including cats, can adapt to low protein intake and maintain nitrogen balance while depleting LBM. Loss of LBM and an associated reduction in protein turnover can result in compromised immune function and increased morbidity. Current Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) and National Research Council (NRC) standards for protein adequacy may not provide adequate protein to support LBM. The minimum daily protein requirement for adult cats appears to be at least 5.2 g/kg (7.8 g/kg0.75) body weight, well in excess of current AAFCO and NRC recommendations. Further research is needed to determine the effect, if any, of body condition, age and gender on protein requirements.
Preliminary evaluation of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Ammersbach Mélanie , Little Susan , Bienzle Dorothee
Published: January 2013

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has high sensitivity and specificity for detection of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibodies, but does not distinguish between infection and vaccination. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays may distinguish infected from vaccinated cats. Performance of a commercial qPCR assay was assessed with blood samples from 29 FIV-infected non-vaccinated, 26 FIV-uninfected vaccinated and 35 FIV-uninfected non-vaccinated cats. FIV infection status of cats was assigned based on a combination of vaccination and medical history, prevention of contact with potentially infected cats and two FIV antibody ELISA results. Test sensitivity and specificity were determined against this gold standard. The qPCR test yielded positive results in samples from 23/29 FIV-infected non-vaccinated, 2/26 FIV-uninfected vaccinated and 0/35 FIV-uninfected non-vaccinated cats. It was concluded that the qPCR test was moderately sensitive and highly specific for the diagnosis of FIV infection, and that it may be suitable for ruling out FIV infection in cats with a positive antibody ELISA result and unknown vaccination history.
Youth Cultures, Lifestyles and Social Class in Finnish Contexts
Authors: Tolonen Tarja
Published: January 2013

The purpose of this article is to analyse young people’s cultural practices and style seeking by utilizing certain notions of a theory promoted in the 1970s at CCCS (the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies in Birmingham), and especially the notions of ‘new studies’ on social class that refer to Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts. The article takes as its focus the lifestyles of young people in certain localities in Finland. Although the qualitative data from 39 interviews were collected in the Finnish cities of Helsinki and Kajaani, the main focus in this article is on different localities in Helsinki (33 interviews). It is suggested that young people’s styles vary within locations and the formation of (life)styles takes place partly within groups, which are connected to the local culture (area, school) as well as to social class (family, school). I argue that no one can, will or is able to manifest any kind of style wherever they wish. One’s (life)style is attached to locality, class, gender and ethnicity.
‘I Bang my Head, Therefore I Am’: Constructing Individual and Social Authenticity in the Heavy Metal Subculture
Authors: Larsson Susanna
Published: January 2013

This article investigates the ways in which heavy metal fans construct their selves and collectives in relation to the music and the culture, by concentrating on subjective and intersubjective arguments on what it means to be an authentic heavy metal fan. The empirical material consists of focus-group interviews and single interviews with Swedish heavy metal fans of ages 18–27. By way of conclusion, I find that individual construction of an authentic heavy metal identity is the result of ( a) arguments of long-term dedication, ( b) being able to highlight symbolic events and attributes that are associated with the heavy metal culture and ( c) arguments of making the right choices based on an authentic inner voice. Thus, social construction of a common authentic identity is the result of negotiations around an abstract moral. The study on which this article is based finds that the construction of authentic selves and collectives takes place partly in a close social in-group context, where individual and collective dedication is known and need not be argued for, as well as in a thematic in-group, where symbols and attributes are known but where dedication must be argued for.
Tooth friction losses in internal gears: Analytical formulation and applications to planetary gears
Authors: de Gevigney J Durand , Ville F , Changenet C , Velex P
Published: January 2013

An original formulation for tooth friction power losses in internal gears including the influence of tooth profile modifications is presented. For unmodified gears, the results agree well with the classic formulae in the literature thus validating the proposed approach. The contributions of profile modifications on internal gear efficiency are compared to that on external gears and the formulation is extended to planetary gears. Finally, the role of profile relief on planetary gear efficiency is pointed out and commented upon.
Teaching practice: University supervisors’ experiences and perceptions of a cooperating physical education teacher education programme
Authors: Meegan Sarah , Dunning Carol , Belton Sarahjane , Woods Catherine
Published: January 2013

The purpose of this research was to examine university supervisors’ experiences and perceptions of a cooperating physical education teacher education (COPET) programme while on teaching practice. Teaching practice is a central tenet of physical education teacher education (PETE) preparation. The COPET programme was designed to support the triad members of student teachers, cooperating teachers and university supervisors during teaching practice. The programme was piloted with 30 student teachers, 26 cooperating teachers and 10 university supervisors during a two-week teaching practice placement. A total of six university supervisors participated in a focus group to determine their experiences and perceptions of the programme. Findings indicated that the COPET programme provided a helpful and structured framework for the role of university supervisor. Future directions for the programme revolve around universities’ need to consider ways of encouraging supervisors to work collaboratively with student teachers, cooperating teachers and other university supervisors to improve the teaching practice process.
Clown intervention to reduce preoperative anxiety in children and parents: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dionigi Alberto , Sangiorgi Diego , Flangini Roberto
Published: January 2013

This study investigated whether a clown doctor intervention could reduce preoperative anxiety in children hospitalized for minor surgery and in their parents. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 77 children and 119 parents: the clown group consisted of 52 children accompanied in the preoperating room by their parents ( n = 89) and two clowns while the comparison group consisted of children accompanied by the parents only. The clown intervention significantly reduced the children’s preoperative anxiety: children benefited from the clown’s presence and showed better adjustment than children in the comparison group. Mothers in Comparison Group showed higher anxiety.
Massage on experimental pain in healthy females: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Karlson Cynthia W , Hamilton Nancy A , Rapoff Michael A
Published: January 2013

This randomized controlled study evaluated the effect of massage on affect, relaxation, and experimental pain induced by electrical stimulation. Participants were 96 healthy women ( M age = 20.13 ± 5.93 years; 84.4% White) randomly assigned to a 15-minute no-treatment control, guided imagery, massage or massage plus guided imagery condition. Multilevel piecewise modeling revealed no group differences in pain intensity, threshold, or tolerance. The two massage conditions generally reported decreased pain unpleasantness, lower unpleasant affect, maintenance of pleasant affect, and increased relaxation compared to the no-treatment condition. The results suggest that massage may alter immediate affective qualities in the context of pain.
Biopsychosocial function analyses changes the assessment of the ability to work in patients on long-term sick-leave due to chronic musculoskeletal pain: The role of undiagnosed mental health comorbidity
Authors: Olaya-Contreras Patricia , Styf Jorma
Published: January 2013

Aims: To study the prevalence of somatic and mental health comorbidity and the use of opioid medication among patients on long-term sick-leave due to chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP); to compare an orthopaedic-based assessment of ability to work with a team assessment; to investigate the relationship between intensity of pain and psychosocial characteristics in this group. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 174 consecutive patients on sick-leave for a mean of 21 months. All were referred from the Social Insurance Office for orthopaedic evaluation and assessment of the ability to work. Of them, only 83/174 patients were referred by the Office for psychiatric evaluation. Results: Neck pain was the main cause of disability. Patients with neck pain often suffered pain in more than two sites, and greater intensity of pain. Thirty-four percent of all participants had been prescribed opioid medication before consultation. Degrees of disability, unemployment, low degree of education and to be an immigrant were related to intensity of pain. Unrecognized psychiatric disorders changed the main cause of inability to work in 69% of patients who underwent both orthopaedic and psychiatric evaluation. Conclusions: An evaluation based on biopsychosocial function is valuable in reaching an accurate assessment of the patient’s diagnosis, and ability to work in CMP. Ability to work and degree of sick-leave in patients on long-term sick-leave is determined to a large extent by undiagnosed mental health comorbidities, and not solely somatic complaints.
Human capital and economic growth: Cross-country evidence from low-, middle- and high-income countries
Authors: Qadri Faisal Sultan , Waheed Abdul
Published: January 2013

The study examines the relationship between human capital and economic growth by using a cross sectional sample of 106 countries to calculate an average over the period 2002–08. Sensitivity analysis on the core model found that the results are robust in terms of inclusion of relevant variables. However, the returns of human capital vary with countries having different income levels. The study found that the low-income countries can get higher returns than the other countries in case of investing in human capital. The study also tested the hypotheses of unconditional and conditional income convergence across nations. The results indicate that human capital either resists income divergence across nations or supports convergence.