bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O USO DE MODELAGEM EM UM SISTEMA DE REUSO DE EFLUENTES POR IRRIGAÇÃO: ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: BROTA GIOVANI .A , CORAUCCI FILHO BRUNO , ROSTON DENIS MIGUEL , LUCAS JAQUIÊ RIBEIRO LUBIENSKA CRISTINA , GUILHERME PIRES MARTA SIVIERO
Published: April 2015

Embora a irrigação seja gota a gota o consumo de água continua a aumentar e as fontes de águapotável estão se esgotando. É possível observar que os aqüíferos subterrâneos estão secando e osníveis dos rios estão diminuindo e estão se tornando mais evidentes as baixas de precipitaçõespluviométricas. A escassez de água pode afetar cerca de milhares de pessoas num futuro muitopróximo. A gestão dos recursos é fundamental na atual situação além do desenvolvimento de novossuprimentos, isto tudo para atender o consumismo dos seres humanos que utilizam a água emníveis elevados. Mas sempre há um preço a pagar pelo uso abusivo dos recursos. E os sereshumanos sabem disso e acreditam que não é tarde para mudar a realidade. Um repensar sobresuas atitudes é importante. E como enfrentar os problemas sem afetar o desenvolvimento humanoe a qualidade de vida. É com esta idéia de repensar sobre suas ações e externalizar suas idéias epensamentos que esta pesquisa apresenta modelo semi-quantitativo e quantitativo sobre o uso desistemas naturais de tratamento de efluentes. Com o avanço da informática o uso de ferramentas demodelagem apresenta estruturas que auxiliam a dar expressão ao pensamento e ajudam a pensarsobre novas situações.
REDES NEURAIS ARTIFICIAIS: APRESENTAÇÃO E UTILIZAÇÃO DO ALGORITMO PERCEPTRON EM BIOSSISTEMAS
Authors: BONINI NETO Alfredo , BONINI Carolina Dos Santos Batista
Published: April 2015

Redes Neurais Artificiais são modelos computacionais inspirados na maneira como um organismo vivo manipula as informações recebidas e com isso, possuem capacidade de aprendizado, adaptabilidade e generalização do conhecimento. Além disso, o modelo de processamento de uma Rede Neural Artificial é baseado no paralelismo, assemelhando-se como o cérebro lida com as informações recebidas por seus neurônios. O presente trabalho descreve o estudo da rede neural artificial Perceptron como um classificador linear para diferenciar dois tipos de frutas (laranja (citrus sinensis Osbeck) e tangerina 'Ponkan' (citrus reticulate Blanco)) utilizando dois processos básicos desempenhados por uma rede neural artificial, as fases de treinamento ou aprendizado e operação. O objetivo principal é mostrar o funcionamento dessas fases.
ADITIVOS NO PROCESSO DE ENSILAGEM
Authors: LALA B. , PEREIRA V. V. , POSSAMAI A. P.S. , DINIZ P. P. , SILVA S. C.C , GRANDE P. A.
Published: April 2015

O objetivo desta revisão foi relacionar os diferentes tipos de aditivos utilizados para ensilagem, seus efeitos e formas de utilização. O processo de ensilagem visa a boa conservação da cultura para utilizar com animais confinados em períodos de alimentação escassa, e para um melhor aproveitamento do material ensilado, o uso de aditivos é necessário. Dentre os aditivos destacam-se os estimuladores da fermentação, os inibidores da fermentação, os estimuladores da estabilidade aeróbia e os nutrientes. A decisão sobre qual aditivo usar dependerá principalmente do custo de utilização e a relação deste com os benefícios alcançados.
INDICADORES DE INOVAÇÕES PARA GANHOS DE PRODUTIVIDADE DA CADEIA LEITEIRA
Authors: Vendrametto Oduvaldo , Mollo Neto Mario , Okano Marcelo Tsugio
Published: April 2015

A produção leiteira no Brasil se constitui em importante atividade do setor agrícola e tem um papel vital no processo de desenvolvimento econômico e social do país. Após meio século de estagnação, em grande parte explicada pela forte intervenção governamental no mercado de lácteos, a cadeia de produção de leite começa no início dos anos 90, a experimentar mudanças significativas em todos os segmentos do mercado, da produção à de consumo. A falta de visão e entendimento da cadeia produtiva como um todo, levou a um comportamento assimétrico, resultando em perdas e instabilidades ao longo do processo de produção, com justificada insatisfação, especialmente dos pequenos de agricultores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver indicadores de eficiência produtiva das explorações leiteiras, associados a inovações pontuais, para classificá-los em uma tabela, ou modelo de maturidade, com cinco níveis conforme o estágio de evolução de aportes tecnológicos, insumos, qualificação do rebanho e preparação de pessoas. Os resultados da análise dos dados da pesquisa apontaram para as melhores práticas que, quando adotadas pelos produtores, estes podem evoluir na tabela classificativa e, aumentar a eficiência da produção.
SISTEMA INTENSIVO DE CRIAÇÃO DE PEIXE COM RECIRCULAÇÃO DE ÁGUA E CONTROLE DE TEMPERATURA VIA BOMBA DE CALOR DE DUPLO EFEITO TÉRMICO
Authors: Jordan R. A. , Cortez L. A. B. , Baldassin Jr. R. , Scorvo J. D. , Frascá-Scorvo C. M. D. , Rigolino M. G. , Tabata Y. A.
Published: April 2015

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de um sistema piloto de criação intensiva de peixes com recirculação de água, onde foram avaliadas as criações de tilápias e trutas. As tilápias e as trutas foram criadas em tanques com controle de temperatura da água, mantidas em 28 ± 1 ºC e 15 ± 1 ºC, respectivamente, empregando uma bomba de calor de duplo efeito térmico para provimento da demanda de aquecimento e resfriamento da água. Na criação de tilápias vermelhas e da variedade tailandesa a conversão alimentar aparente foi de 1,37:1 e 1,16:1, respectivamente. As trutas apresentaram boa adaptação ao confinamento, obtendo um ganho de peso de 500% em 18 semanas. A taxa diária de renovação de água nos tanques foi de 5%. A produtividade estimada para a criação intensiva de tilápias tailandesas foi de 150 t ha-1. O arranjo empregado apresentou resultados satisfatórios, bem como, a bomba de calor mostrou-se eficaz e confiável, entretanto, novas formas e tecnologias devem ser estudadas para a remoção da amônia gerada, que mostrou ser o maior gargalo deste tipo de sistema.
AGRO-SYSTEM (AGS) AS A TOOL FOR ANALYSIS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: WATANABE Kassia , ZYLBERSZTAJN Decio
Published: April 2015

A proposta desse artigo é apresentar o sistema agroindustrial (SAG) como um instrumento de análise que pode ser aplicado em diferentes sistemas, tais como sistema de produção de alimentos, sistema de produção de biodiesel, entre outros. A questão para esse artigo é a seguinte: Como a sustentabilidade pode ser analisada no SAG? A análise do SAG é importante porque pode apontar melhorias ou introduzir novo arranjo institucional (formas organizacionais). Entretanto, o arranjo institucional pode não ser suficiente bom quando transplantado para outro lugar e as instituições precisam ser consideradas. Por essa razão, o SAG é analisado dentro de um ambiente institucional que envolve as “regras do jogo”. Além disso, questões sociais e ambientais são levadas em consideração e fazem parte do arranjo e do ambiente institucional.
REDUÇÃO DO IMPACTO AMBIENTAL COM APLICAÇÃO DE INICIATIVAS DE PRODUÇÃO MAIS LIMPA
Authors: PALMERI Nivaldo , VENDRAMETTO Oduvaldo , OLIVEIRA NETO Geraldo Cardoso de
Published: April 2015

A busca da sustentabilidade nas empresas conta com uma poderosa aliada a Produção Mais Limpa (P+L) que ganha ênfase nos setor produtivo mundial e brasileiro. Este artigo evidencia essa preocupação em uma montadora de veículos ao estabelecer um plano de sustentabilidade em que aplica princípios de produção mais limpa reduzindo seus resíduos industriais ou mitigando seus efeitos com tratamentos antes do descarte final. A execução do programa com esse objetivo, no sentido de reduzir o uso de madeira e papel indicou um potencial de reuso e de economia ambiental.
MODIFICADORES DA FERMENTAÇÃO RUMINAL: UMA REVISÃO
Authors: POSSAMAI A. P.S. , LALA B. , PEREIRA V. V. , GOMES, L. C. , SILVA S. C.C.
Published: April 2015

O processo digestivo dos ruminantes compreende uma das mais bem sucedidas relações de simbiose entre seres vivos. O rúmen, principal órgão de digestão dos ruminantes, é considerado uma câmara de fermentação que apresenta adequadas condições ambientais para o desenvolvimento e multiplicação de microrganismos unicelulares. As modernas práticas de alimentação de ruminantes, que elevaram os níveis de produção apresentam novos desafios à microflora ruminal. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura é abordar as principais substâncias utilizadas como modificadores da fermentação ruminal e seus mecanismos de ação.
ESTATÍSTICA DESCRITIVA PARA ANÁLISE DE DADOS (PRODUÇÃO DE SOJA) VIA PROGRAMA ITERATIVO
Authors: NETO Alfredo BONINI , PUTTI Fernando Ferrari , SANT’ANA Ricardo César Gonçalves , JUNIOR Nelson Aparecido BONINI
Published: April 2015

Neste trabalho é apresentado o desenvolvimento de uma interface gráfica, ou seja, um programa iterativo, para o estudo da estatística descritiva em dados de produção de soja no Brasil. O objetivo principal é fazer um programa simples e de fácil entendimento e que possa ser utilizado em diversas áreas de aplicação, inclusive na área de engenharia de Biossistemas. As análises feitas são: média aritmética, mediana, variância, desvio padrão e coeficiente de variação percentual. Estas análises têm por objetivo verificar se os dados estudados apresentam altos níveis de dispersão. O programa foi desenvolvido no ambiente Matlab que fornece todos os comandos possíveis para o desenvolvimento.
ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS DO SOLO E DESENVOLVIMENTO DO ALGODOEIRO EM SEMEADURA DIRETA
Authors: Ferrari S. , Furlani Junior E. , Ferrari J.V. , Vargas P.F. , Montanari R. , Persegil E.O. , Dos Reis A.R.
Published: April 2015

O trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da utilização de plantas de cobertura em semeadura direta e da aplicação de nitrogênio em pré-semeadura do algodoeiro, nas alterações dos atributos físicos do solo e desenvolvimento de plantas do algodoeiro. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos ao acaso, disposto em faixas, compostos por: três plantas de cobertura (nabo forrageiro, aveia preta e aveia branca) implantadas no período do inverno; quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 30, 60, e 90 kg ha-1 de N). Foram determinadas a resistência do solo à penetração, umidade gravimétrica, altura e número de nós das plantas de algodoeiro. O uso de aveia preta proporcionou aumento da umidade superficial do solo enquanto que o nabo forrageiro proporcionou aumento da umidade em profundidade. A utilização de culturas de cobertura não alterou a resistência do solo à penetração. A utilização de doses crescentes de nitrogênio em pre-semeadura do algodoeiro proporcionou aumento em altura e do número de nós por planta.
CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND APPLICATIONS IN WIND-PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Siqueira J. A. C. , GABRIEL FILHO L. R. A. , Caneppele F. L. , Seraphim O. J.
Published: April 2015

A hybrid system uses jointly more than one source of energy for the generation of electricity in which one source complements the eventual failure of the other. The system may be a combination of one or more forms of generation, employing wind power, solar photovoltaic systems, diesel, water, or others, even though energy storage system is not mandatory. Solar and wind power system may be underscored among the energy sources used by hybrid systems since they feature renewable characteristics. The success of their implementation depends directly on the reliability of the operation to the power supply and to the cost of the energy produced. Current study introduces several systems´ characteristics for the generation of electricity. Regarding system design, it is important to analyze costs and usages of the system coupled to electrical system factors, such as charge loss and battery life. A photovoltaic-wind system was built at the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of Botucatu (UNESP) to disseminate and specify the components of a hybrid system for the generation of electric power. Several research works were performed at the Center for Alternative and Renewable Energies of the Laboratory for Rural Energy of the Agricultural Engineering Department in Botucatu SP Brazil.
CHARACTERISTICS AND RISKS IN THE APPLICATION OF ADJUVANTS IN AGRICULTURAL SPRAYING
Authors: Putti F. F. , Gabriel Filho L. R. A. , Bertin F. H. A. , Cremasco C. P. , Cataneo P. F. , Chacur M. G. M. , Halmeman M. C. R. , Halmeman R. J.
Published: April 2015

There are several factors that influence effectiveness in the application of pesticides. They comprise relative humidity, wind speed and air temperature. The use of inert products, called adjuvants, has been on the increase to highlight efficiency in spraying under different aspects. Due to lack of knowledge of their activities, efficiency itself is often compromised by the interaction between adjuvants and phytosanitary products, with unintended consequences. Current study reviews some adjuvants and their mode of action, which may vary from an improvement in absorption by activity on the cuticle to the reduction of the iteration of ions of water and the active ingredient molecule. Since few studies on the use and effectiveness of adjuvants combined to specific pesticide formulations are extant, the use of adjuvants becomes a risky operation. Therefore, consulting specialized people who are familiar with the products and their possible interactions is mandatory before using or recommending the products. Loss of efficiency in phytosanitary control and environmental contamination may be thus avoided.
DESINFECÇÃO SOLAR: UMA SOLUÇÃO DE BAIXO CUSTO PARA O TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUAS RESIDUÁRIAS
Authors: Queluz J. G. T. , Alves T. R. , Sánchez-Román R. M.
Published: April 2015

Nas últimas décadas diversos estudos mostraram a eficiência dos raios UV para a remoção de patógenos das águas. A radiação solar, que tem um componente importante de radiação UV, afeta as cadeias do DNA dos microorganismos causando a perda da sua atividade biológica seguida da morte celular, pela incapacidade de se reproduzir. Existem diversos modelos e maneiras de realizar a desinfecção solar. De modo geral, o sistema é composto apenas por um recipiente que permita a exposição da água à radiação solar. Para isso, podem ser utilizadas garrafas PET, garrafas de vidro, reatores, caixas de concreto, etc. Estas características justificam seu baixo custo de instalação e manutenção e, portanto, torna essa tecnologia adequada para ser adotada por países em desenvolvimento e/ou comunidades rurais de baixa renda. A SODIS é, portanto, uma ótima alternativa para regiões entre as latitudes com maior incidência de raios UV, onde está localizado grande parte dos países em desenvolvimento. A desinfecção solar, além de ser uma tecnologia simples e barata, não produz subprodutos tóxicos.
PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE PETÚNIA COMUM EM TUBETES BIODEGRADÁVEIS EM SUBSTITUIÇÃO AOS SACOS PLÁSTICOS
Authors: Ferraz M. V. , Cereda M. P. , Iatauro R. A.
Published: April 2015

Objetivou-se com este trabalho comparar o desenvolvimento da petúnia nos tubetes biodegradáveis com as mudas nos saquinhos plásticos durante a fase de produção. Foram avaliados a distribuição da massa seca nas três partes da planta (folhas, caule e sistema radicular). Também foi analisado a constituição do tubete e sua perda de massa ao longo do tempo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos intereiramente casualizados. A análise utilizou 8 blocos com 16 parcelas em cada bloco, para saquinhos plásticos e tubetes biodegradáveis. No total 128 mudas foram utilizadas para cada embalagem totalizando 256 mudas no experimento. As médias foram submetidas à Análise de Variância, com e sem transformação nos dados e com comparações múltiplas entre as médias pelo Teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de significância. A análise dos dados demonstrou que as mudas produzidas nos tubetes biodegradáveis apresentaram desenvolvimento significativamente menor.
Invasive carnivores alter ecological function and enhance complementarity in scavenger assemblages on ocean beaches
Authors: Brown Marion B. , Schlacher Thomas A. , Schoeman David S. , Weston Michael A. , Huijbers Chantal M. , Olds Andrew D. , Connolly Rod M.
Published: April 2015

Species composition is expected to alter ecological function in assemblages if species traits differ strongly. Such effects are often large and persistent for nonnative carnivores invading islands. Alternatively, high similarity in traits within assemblages creates a degree of functional redundancy in ecosystems. Here we tested whether species turnover results in functional ecological equivalence or complementarity, and whether invasive carnivores on islands significantly alter such ecological function. The model system consisted of vertebrate scavengers (dominated by raptors) foraging on animal carcasses on ocean beaches on two Australian islands, one with and one without invasive red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Partitioning of scavenging events among species, carcass removal rates, and detection speeds were quantified using camera traps baited with fish carcasses at the dune–beach interface. Complete segregation of temporal foraging niches between mammals (nocturnal) and birds (diurnal) reflects complementarity in carrion utilization. Conversely, functional redundancy exists within the bird guild where several species of raptors dominate carrion removal in a broadly similar way. As predicted, effects of red foxes were large. They substantially changed the nature and rate of the scavenging process in the system: (1) foxes consumed over half (55%) of all carrion available at night, compared with negligible mammalian foraging at night on the fox‐free island, and (2) significant shifts in the composition of the scavenger assemblages consuming beach‐cast carrion are the consequence of fox invasion at one island. Arguably, in the absence of other mammalian apex predators, the addition of red foxes creates a new dimension of functional complementarity in beach food webs. However, this functional complementarity added by foxes is neither benign nor neutral, as marine carrion subsidies to coastal red fox populations are likely to facilitate their persistence as exotic carnivores.
A Discussion With Francesco Cuomo
Authors: Cuomo Francesco
Published: April 2015

HR Advice - A discussion with Francesco Cuomo, Managerial Planning-Development Dept. Manager with Eni's E&P Div.
The Oil Roller Coaster
Authors: Ayala H. Luis F.
Published: April 2015

What's Ahead - Comments on The Oil Roller Coaster by Luis F. Ayala H., TWA Editor-in-Chief

TWA friends: Fasten your seat belts. The Oil Roller Coaster is on!

For all of us with professions in the energy industry, and for all energy aficionados around the globe, nothing can be more fascinating than trying to understand what drives oil prices. There is no denying that oil is a strategic international commodity and that it plays a pivotal role in international affairs and economic development. And more importantly for us, energy prices are the lifeblood of the industry in which we have decided to build our professional careers. As we look ahead, as we plan ahead, as Young Professionals (YPs) in our industry, it is natural to muse over the potential twists and turns that we might encounter in the fascinating (roller coaster-like) way ahead of us. And wouldn't that be what our TWA magazine is all about?
Expert Interview: Marc de Saint-Gerand
Authors: de Saint-Gerand Marc
Published: April 2015

Forum

Comments on the drivers that help determine the price of oil.

As an oil and gas professional, what is your personal assessment of the current oil price?

High volatility in the current market, especially during the last few months, leaves little room for prediction. Until recently, oil prices had increased by 170% over the past 5 years, while demand had increased only by 7%, and daily volumes on the spot market had increased by 25% in the same span. These three figures reflect one fact: oil, like gold, is not purchased for its sole intrinsic usage, and the volume exchanged on the market is not strictly equal to the physical demand. For instance, involvement of "nonproducer/nonconsumer" investors, such as private equity funds or hedge funds, grew in the recent past. These funds were looking at crude oil's volatility in a rather flat equity market. They might have played an important role in keeping the market price at historical high levels, until recently.
Turbulent, Exciting Times . . .
Authors: Caligari Ruben
Published: April 2015

Pillars of the Industry

Ruben Caligari, Senior Adviser, Knowledge Management, Petrobras, is optimistic about the future, despite the current downturn. He reminds us of the long-term growth prospects for global energy demand and the wide-ranging challenges we will face to fulfill it.
The Importance of Hard Work
Authors: Onu Cajetan
Published: April 2015

Soft Skills - Cajetan Onu, senior reservoir geologist, Total E&P UK, talks about the importance of hard work.
Interview with Norm Warpinski and Keng Seng Chan
Authors: Warpinski Norm , Chan Keng Seng
Published: April 2015

Technical Leaders Interview - Norm Warpinski, chief technology officer for Pinnacle, and Keng Seng Chan, principal engineer for production and reservoir engineering at Petronas, respond to this issue’s theme "Jack of all trades vs. master of some: E&P vs. Service Companies."
A Look at Emerging Markets
Authors: Wang James , Code Kim
Published: April 2015

Technical Leaders Interview - Kim Code, vice president Technical and Production, Shell Russia, and James S. Wang, business development manager, Oil & Gas China, Cabot Specialty Fluids, talk about the future and potential of emerging markets.
Interview with Paal Kibsgaard
Authors: Kibsgaard Paal
Published: April 2015

The Way Ahead Interview - A conversation with Paal Kibsgaard, Schlumberger chief executive officer.
Deepwater Development: What Past Performance Says About the Future
Authors: Dragani Jarrett , Kotenev Maxim
Published: April 2015

Forum - Despite innumerable obstacles, offshore drilling has successfully evolved and prospered over the last century into its most challenging environment yet - deepwater and ultradeepwater drilling.
Deepwater Brazilian Presalt: The Way Ahead for Research and Development
Authors: Muniz Cesar
Published: April 2015

Academia - The way ahead for research and development in the deepwater Brazilian presalt.

The era of easy oil is gradually coming to an end. Over the last 5 years, the big discoveries around the globe have been in areas with complex geology that are not easy to access and, in most cases, present logistical difficulties.

One of the most promising of these regions is the so-called Golden Triangle, which includes offshore US Gulf of Mexico, offshore Brazil, and offshore western Africa. These areas lie in deep or ultradeep waters, ranging from 2000 to 3000 m, and are below a considerable layer of salt rock—up to 2000 m thick in the Brazilian case. The reservoir geology is also complex, ranging from microbial carbonates to dolomitized limestones to intercalated sandstones. Exploiting these resources in a costeffective manner presents a number of challenges for the industry, which I shall discuss as they relate to offshore Brazil.

Reservoir Imaging

Presalt reservoir imaging and characterization are the starting points for achieving a successful development campaign. Although it has improved during the past few years, reservoir imaging still poses big challenges to operators and service companies offshore Brazil. Room for further improvement certainly exists. The high reflectiveness of the postsalt/salt interface leads to major attenuations of the seismic signal, jeopardizing vertical resolution. Additionally, the salt layer heterogeneity, composed of halite intercalated with layers of anhydrite, carnalite, and tachyhydrite, brings additional hurdles to the modeling of the velocity cube, which is used in the time-depth conversion. The reservoir carbonate rock also presents a high degree of heterogeneity, with important insertions of silica nodes and, at least until now, an unknown fracture pattern, in addition to the need for better understanding of pore size distribution and connection.
Entrepreneurship and Oil and Gas
Authors: Vaucher David
Published: April 2015

What's Ahead - Column from David Vaucher, 2014 TWA editor-in-chief.

The “corporate ladder” still exists, but does anyone want to climb it anymore? It seems every day there is news about the latest startup to go public, and these tales of huge success have led to a new aspiration: No longer is it enough to climb the corporate ladder, you have to build your own!

That’s quite a dream: building something tangible, working on your own terms, and maybe even reaping much greater financial rewards than if you were to work for someone else. It certainly sounds appealing, doesn’t it?

Many of the most famous startup success stories come from Silicon Valley in the United States, in the technology sector, which makes sense: There is an established culture of collaboration, plenty of people looking to invest their capital, and the cost of developing an “app” can be relatively low.

Contrast that with oil and gas, and differences emerge: Projects take years to complete, tend to be capital-intensive, and have costs that can run into the billions of dollars, so companies are wary of committing to a new project unless they are as close to 100% certain as they can possibly be that their investment will create a return. In fact, the uncertain returns and enormous costs do seem to imply that the culture in oil and gas is inherently skewed away from risk.

When you think about it, any entrepreneurial endeavor inherently involves risk, so does this mean that “entrepreneurship” and “oil and gas” are mutually exclusive?

Absolutely not!
Entrepreneurs’ Economics: Key Lessons From YP Entrepreneurs
Authors: Collum Randall , Cronlund Jenny , Deore Prakash
Published: April 2015

Economist's Corner - Key lessons about entrepreneurs’ economics from YP entrepreneurs.

The draw toward entrepreneurship is clear: The opportunity to control your own destiny, reach your full potential, and reap large profits all while doing what you enjoy sounds pretty good, right? The oil and gas industry is a veritable breeding ground for those who want to make this dream a reality. However, this dream cannot be achieved without a significant amount of personal risk and hard work.

YPs Can Be Entrepreneurs

According to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor’s 2011 and 2012 reports, there has been a dramatic increase in startup businesses in many countries throughout the world. Given a sympathetic underlying government policy and public support, entrepreneurship is a real possibility in many aspirant YP entrepreneurs’ career roadmaps. Since its beginnings in the mid- 1800s, the capital-intensive oil and gas industry has borne witness to many visionaries who overcame myriad obstacles to set up successful businesses. Most lessons they learned apply to those who want to take advantage of opportunities and test their self-belief, creativity, and determination to do something for which they have a passion.
Navigating the Oil and Gas Industry: Soft Skills Needed Along the Way
Authors: Munisteri Islin , Okoroafor Rita , Zafar Asif , Sturgess David , Gill Amanpreet
Published: April 2015

Forum - A step-by-step guide for students and young professionals on navigating the oil and gas industry.
Dare To Decide: The Trials and Tribulations of Decision Making
Authors: Mueller Bridget H.
Published: April 2015

Soft Skills - The trials and tribulations of decision making.

"I'm right; you are wrong!"

"I'll bet you money that I'm right!"

"Why is management doing that? Are they crazy?"

How many times have you heard these phrases or even said them yourself? Simply understanding the rationale behind the decision-making process can help you identify the importance of the issue, issues behind the "real" issue, and what really needs to happen to get things done.

"I'm right; you are wrong!" We are an individualistic culture. In business situations, we have learned to value competition. It is not enough to win; we want to win badly! This competitive force can lead us to view decision making as another opportunity to win and be right. However, the ultimate goal should be to come to a quality decision that meets the long-term needs of the organization.

"I'll just do it myself!" Sometimes group decision making seems like a pain, right? Quite honestly, it is more time-consuming, harder to keep the focus on the goal, and just plain exhausting. So why do it? Communication can serve as a catalyst for change, which leads to action and decisions being made. In general, research has proved that groups make better decisions than individuals. For example, do you remember the first episode of the television show Survivor? In that first episode, one of the self-prescribed leaders of the tribe started building the shelter. He worked and worked and worked, without listening to anyone else, just shouting orders and then getting upset when he did not get the support that he felt he should have. Guess what happened to that shelter? That evening the tide came in and the shelter was washed away. Now, don't you think that if eight people got together to discuss how to build an appropriate shelter, that at least one person would have noticed the line of the tide? Having more individuals involved in the decision-making process gives you a sense of checks and balances. You are able to consider the decision, utilizing diverse perspectives. This opens the door for creativity and innovation.
The Future of Young Professionals and Students in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Conversation With Professor Cor van Kruijsdijk
Authors: van Kruijsdijk Cor
Published: April 2015

Student Link - Professor Cor van Kruijsdijk looks at the future awaiting young professionals and students in the oil and gas industry.
Be a Risk Taker
Authors: Stephens Tricia
Published: April 2015

YEPP PerSPEctive - Tricia Stephens encourages risk taking and thinking outside the box.

The pitfall of failing to take risks is a message heralded in coffee rooms worldwide. There are articles pasted to vending machines being read by people who find that the riskiest thing they do all day is consume forbidden calories from Cadbury. And, frankly, this topic is fraught with platitudes and quotes by people who appear to be living life in airbag suits. At the first sign of career or personal trouble, their jackets inflate with hot air that floats them out of the crisis zone and back into a Starbucks commercial. Or at least that is the only thing I can imagine when they make risk taking sound so easy to do. Back to real life. Unless your cubicle is about to be converted to a cu-bubble, you can expect to land squarely on your posterior taking some risks in your career. Then you need to figure out how to recover your self-esteem, and, if you are incredibly smart, you might even learn to fail without damaging your credibility. In truth, I have not yet learned how to do all of that, but I have figured out a bit about the path to risk taking in our careers.

Put Down Your Security Blanket

There is a place called the comfort zone, the emotional sweet spot or even job routine. This state of being is important to everybody. It is often the mark that we have climbed a hill technically and mastered the task set out before us to the point that we understand where we are going intuitively. So celebrate finding a comfort zone and take the room to breathe. Just do not get stuck.

I started as a consultant immediately after completing my graduate studies. My company has a reputation for tackling technically complex problems in everything from frontier to conventional environments globally, covering from the reservoir to the surface. Whew! In fact, there are three juniors in a sea of experts, and we are expected to push our development technically, carry our consulting load, and learn the client-management aspects of the business. Sometimes it feels as though my learning curve is wrapped up and over Everest and nobody brought oxygen. So projects that I understand from beginning to end (rare, I assure you) ease that nervous tic in my tummy, and life is sweet for a moment.
Industry Challenges, Role Playing Highlight SPE Workshop
Authors: Pestana Natalie
Published: April 2015

International Activities Update - A recap of The SPE Young Professionals Workshop held in Biarritz, France, and YEPP Coordinating Committee Chairperson Leon Beugelsdijk sums up risks facing the oil and gas industry.
Interview with Syed A. Ali
Authors: Ali Syed A.
Published: April 2015

Technical Leader Interview - An interview with Syed A. Ali, Chevron Fellow for Chevron Energy Technology Company.
The Future of Global Oil Production: Plateau or Peak?
Authors: Jackson Peter M.
Published: April 2015

Economist's Corner - Peter Jackson of Cambridge Energy Research Associates presents a macroeconomic perspective on the peak oil theory, introducing the concept of an undulating plateau.
A Note on Sustainability and Social Responsibility
Authors: Thomas Tony
Published: April 2015

What's Ahead

Comments from TWA Editor Tony Thomas.

One of the many definitions that one can find on the web for sustainability is, "The concept of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs." The term was originally applied to natural resource situations in a long-term perspective. Today, it applies to many disciplines, including economic development, environment, food production, energy, and social organization. Basically, sustainability/sustainable development refers to doing something with the long term in mind. Today's decisions are made with a consideration of sustaining our activities into the future.

I'm sure that most of you have read or heard about social responsibility so I won't elaborate on that. In my personal opinion, to address sustainability is to first address social responsibility, as the latter is the subset of the former. To explain it further, only a socially responsible person can think and act in a way that supports sustainability. From the Dow Jones Sustainability indexes’ description, it is very clear that corporate sustainability is not merely nice jargon to throw around but it actually ensures long-term increases in returns for shareholders.
Sustainability and Social Responsibility: Views From Industry Young Professionals
Authors: Onyige Rita , Gross Herve , Andreev Anton
Published: April 2015

Forum

Results of a survey of young professionals on oil and gas industry sustainability and social responsibility.
Interview with Helge Lund
Authors: Lund Helge
Published: April 2015

The Way Ahead Interview

Helge Lund, Chief Executive Officer of StatoilHydro, talks about his career path, leadership skills, and the current state of the oil market.
Roundtable Discussion: Two North Sea Industry Leaders
Authors: Lindop Paul , Webb Malcolm
Published: April 2015

The Way Ahead Interview - A roundtable discussion with North Sea region industry leaders Malcolm Webb and Paul Lindop.
Research and Development in the Energy Industry
Authors: Pafitis Demos , Valdez Raul
Published: April 2015

Technical Leaders Interview - Demos Pafitis of Schlumberger and Raul Valdez with Shell International E&P examine the state of R&D in the energy industry.
"Perception is reality."
Authors: Willis Todd B.
Published: April 2015

What's Ahead - Perspective from TWA’s editor-in-chief, Todd Willis.

There is a lot of truth to this quotation [which is generally attributed to US Republican Party political consultant and strategist Lee Atwater (1951–1991)]. People view the world and the events in it through their own colored glasses, tinged with political views, beliefs, and their own personal experiences and history. How else can you explain such widely divergent and hotly contested viewpoints on serious issues like drilling in the Arctic, or topics as benign as the American professional football quarterback, Tim Tebow?

No rational person can deny the critical role that fossil fuels have played in the development of our 21st-century world. Yet, this hasn’t helped the image of the oil and gas industry.
Future Job Security in Oil and Gas: Industry Leaders’ Perspectives
Authors: Reece Cindy , Ching David
Published: April 2015

Technical Leaders Interview - From their perspective as industry leaders, Cindy Reece and David Ching discuss future job security in the oil and gas industry.
Describing Shale Well Performance Using Transient Well Analysis
Authors: Vera Fabian , Ehlig-Economides Christine
Published: April 2015

Tech 101 - Fabian Vera, Baker Hughes, and Christine Ehlig-Economides, Texas A&M, discuss shale well performance using transient well analysis.
Reflections on Timing and Technology
Authors: Ehlig-Economides Christine
Published: April 2015

Pillars of the Industry - Christine Ehlig-Economides reflects on her career and how being in the right place at the right time has made all the difference.
Mentoring in Azerbaijan
Authors: Howard Darrell
Published: April 2015

Pillars of the Industry - How a program of lectures, structured mentoring, and symposiums has helped develop young professionals in Azerbaijan.
Mentoring in Shell
Authors: Desmond Lester
Published: April 2015

Pillars of the Industry - Lester Desmond discusses Coaching versus Mentoring.

Royal Dutch Shell plc has had formal mentoring systems in place for many years. Mentoring is available to staff throughout the company; however, the focus is on new joiners to Shell and in particular new graduate professionals, who are offered access to a mentor, as well as a coach, as part of their initial Develop program on joining the company. Typing the search word "mentoring" in the link http://www.shell.com/careers will give further information about Develop. Shell makes a distinction between mentoring and coaching, which may be different from other companies. Mentoring is a medium- to long-term relationship in which someone can learn from the experience of a successful professional in the field. It is aimed at helping people develop themselves. Traditionally, the primary focus is long-term career development, gaining knowledge and understanding of the wider system in Shell and learning how to navigate the organizational system and expand networks of influence. Coaching is a shortterm, task-focused relationship, helping people to become more effective in their work by equipping them with the tools, knowledge, practices, and opportunities they need to discover solutions for themselves. It also ensures alignment between individual actions and business goals.
Interview with Ceri Powell
Authors: Powell Ceri
Published: April 2015

The Way Ahead Interview

A conversation with Ceri Powell, Vice President Strategy for the Royal Dutch Shell Group.
Interview with J.C. Cunha
Authors: Cunha J. C.
Published: April 2015

Technical Leaders Interview

Conversation with J.C. Cunha, well operations manager with Petrobras America.
On-the-Job Learning at Swift Energy: A Case Study
Authors: Tran Kim
Published: April 2015

HR Discussion - On-the-job learning has been successful in implementing innovative concepts within the Swift Energy.
Northern Lights of the Arctic: Diversity Exchanges
Authors: Soltani Amir
Published: April 2015

Soft Skills - The opportunity to work in the Arctic.

For a fresh-faced petroleum engineering graduate, a young professional with a few years in the industry, or even an experienced manager wanting a new career challenge, emerging oil and gas regions present exciting opportunities. Indeed, they are hot spots with huge demands and favorable offers. Among these regions is northern Norway. As North Sea production crosses its peak, attention turns increasingly toward the far north. An estimated 20% of the world’s undiscovered but exploitable oil and gas may be in the Arctic, according to recent geological surveys.

Statoil is one of the leading producers in the Arctic region. In 2009, the company launched a corporate initiative to establish sustainable petroleum activities in the area. Statoil currently employs more than 900 personnel at different locations in northern Norway. The office responsible for exploration activity and field development in the far north is situated on a beautiful island in the city of Harstad.

“There is a large amount of exploration in the region and I expect lots of exciting projects,” says Douglas Gilding, a young reservoir engineer from the Netherlands.

“In general, people at Harstad are positive about exploration activities. They see work opportunities and a brighter future for the area,” says Vebjørn Thingnes, one of the many young Norwegian geologists working for Statoil in Harstad. “Being open to possibilities will lead you to challenging tasks here. That is how you learn.”
Managing Your Career
Authors: Howes Susan , Schwarze Elizabeth
Published: April 2015

HR Discussion - Chevron’s Susan Howes and Elizabeth Schwarze discuss how to manage your career.
Simulation and Uncertainty: Lessons From Other Industries
Authors: Goodwin Nigel , Powell Mark
Published: April 2015

Tech 101 - Petroleum engineering has both led and lagged behind developments in hardware and software compared with other industries. Since the emergence of modern reservoir simulators in the late 1970s, it has led in the efficient implementation of sparse matrix algebra and the solution of partial differential equations. It was also at the forefront of developing applications using high-performance computers such as the Cray.
How to Tackle the Challenge of Mature Field Development
Authors: McComb Thais , Towler Brian F.
Published: April 2015

Technical Leaders Interview - Chevron’s Thais McComb and the University of Wyoming’s Brian Towler give their perspectives on tackling mature field development.
Depression and Cerebrovascular Disease: Could Vortioxetine Represent a Valid Treatment Option?
Authors: Carta Mauro Giovanni , Pala Andrea Norcini , Finco Gabriele , Musu Mario , Moro Maria Francesca
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Depression and cerebrovascular atherosclerosis often occur in comorbidity showing neuropsychological impairment and poor response to antidepressant treatment. Objective is to evaluate if new antidepressant vortioxetine may be a potential treatment option.Mechanism of Action:Vortioxetine has 5-HT3, 5-HT7 and 5-HT1D antagonists, 5-HT1B partial agonist and a 5-HT1A agonist and serotonin transporter inhibitor property.Efficacy and safety in Major Depressive Disorders and in cognitive impairment:The majority of trials (one of them in older people) showed efficacy for vortioxetine against placebo and no differences against other active treatments. The Adverse Effects ranged from 15.8% more to 10.8% less than placebo. In the elderly, only nausea was found higher than placebo. Effects on arterial blood pressure and cardiac parameters including the ECG-QT segment were similar to placebo. Elderly depressive patients on vortioxetine showed improvement versus placebo and other active comparators in Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Digit Symbol Substitution Test scores. The inclusion criteria admitted cases with middle cerebrovascular disease.Conclusion:The mechanism of action, the efficacy on depression and safety profile and early data on cognitive impairment make Vortioxetine a strong candidate for use in depression associated with cerebrovascular disease. This information must be supported by future randomized controlled trials.
Recent Patents and Designs on Hip Replacement Prostheses
Authors: Derar H , Shahinpoor M
Published: April 2015

Hip replacement surgery has gone through tremendous evolution since the first procedure in 1840. In the past five decades the advances that have been made in technology, advanced and smart materials innovations, surgical techniques, robotic surgery and methods of fixations and sterilization, facilitated hip implants that undergo multiple design revolutions seeking the least problematic implants and a longer survivorship. Hip surgery has become a solution for many in need of hip joint remedy and replacement across the globe. Nevertheless, there are still long-term problems that are essential to search and resolve to find the optimum implant. This paper reviews several recent patents on hip replacement surgery. The patents present various designs of prostheses, different materials as well as methods of fixation. Each of the patents presents a new design as a solution to different issues ranging from the longevity of the hip prostheses to discomfort and inconvenience experienced by patients in the long-term.
Evidence of Inhaled Tobramycin in Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis
Authors: Vendrell Montserrat , Muñoz Gerard , Gracia Javier de
Published: April 2015

There is currently less experience with inhaled tobramycin in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis than in cystic fibrosis (CF). Intravenous formulation and solution for inhalation (TSI) have been studied in non-CF bronchiectasis patients with chronic P. aeruginosa bronchial infection. An improvement in clinical parameters and a reduction in bacterial density have been shown with both inhaled solutions in these patients. However, further trials are needed to determine the most effective dose and administration protocol in these patients. Based on the current evidence, recommendations cannot be made regarding the use of TSI to treat exacerbations. Although no systemic toxicity has been reported in studies specifically investigating this treatment, patients with known kidney disease or ear disorders should be treated with caution. Adverse respiratory effects are reported to be more common in non-CF patients than in CF patients, who tend to be non-smokers and younger. Research is being conducted into the possibility of combining tobramycin with other antibiotics to increase its antibacterial activity. In this review we will present and discuss the published evidence regarding the use of inhaled tobramycin in non–CF bronchiectasis.
Vegetation and Climate Changes during the Bronze and Iron Ages (∼3600–600 BCE) in the Southern Levant Based on Palynological Records
Authors: Langgut Dafna , Finkelstein Israel , Litt Thomas , Harald Neumann Frank , Stein Mordechai
Published: April 2015

This article presents the role of climate fluctuations in shaping southern Levantine human history from 3600 to 600 BCE (the Bronze and Iron Ages) as evidenced in palynological studies. This time interval is critical in the history of the region; it includes two phases of rise and decline of urban life, organization of the first territorial kingdoms, and domination of the area by great Ancient Near Eastern empires. The study is based on a comparison of several fossil pollen records that span a north-south transect of 220 km along the southern Levant: Birkat Ram in the northern Golan Heights, Sea of Galilee, and Ein Feshkha and Ze'elim Gully both on the western shore of the Dead Sea. The vegetation history and its climatic implications are as follows: during the Early Bronze Age I (∼3600–3000 BCE) climate conditions were wet; a minor reduction in humidity was documented during the Early Bronze Age II–III (∼3000–2500 BCE). The Intermediate Bronze Age (∼2500–1950 BCE) was characterized by moderate climate conditions, however, since ∼2000 BCE and during the Middle Bronze Age I (∼1950–1750 BCE) drier climate conditions were prevalent, while the Middle Bronze Age II–III (∼1750–1550 BCE) was comparably wet. Humid conditions continued in the early phases of the Late Bronze Age, while towards the end of the period and down to ∼1100 BCE the area features the driest climate conditions in the timespan reported here; this observation is based on the dramatic decrease in arboreal vegetation. During the period of ∼1100–750 BCE, which covers most of the Iron Age I (∼1150–950 BCE) and the Iron Age IIA (∼950–780 BCE), an increase in Mediterranean trees was documented, representing wetter climate conditions, which followed the severe dry phase of the end of the Late Bronze Age. The decrease in arboreal percentages, which characterize the Iron Age IIB (∼780–680 BCE) and Iron Age IIC (∼680–586 BCE), could have been caused by anthropogenic activity and/or might have derived from slightly drier climate conditions. Variations in the distribution of cultivated olive trees along the different periods resulted from human preference and/or changes in the available moisture.