bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Acidic and Alkaline Seawater on the F-Actin-Dependent Ca2+ Signals Following Insemination of Immature Starfish Oocytes and Mature Eggs
Authors: Limatola Nunzia , Chun Jong Tai , Schneider Suzanne C. , Schmitt Jean-Louis , Lehn Jean-Marie , Santella Luigia
Published: February 2023

In starfish, the addition of the hormone 1-methyladenine (1-MA) to immature oocytes (germinal vesicle, GV-stage) arrested at the prophase of the first meiotic division induces meiosis resumption (maturation), which makes the mature eggs able to respond to the sperm with a normal fertilization response. The optimal fertilizability achieved during the maturation process results from the exquisite structural reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in the cortex and cytoplasm induced by the maturing hormone. In this report, we have investigated the influence of acidic and alkaline seawater on the structure of the cortical F-actin network of immature oocytes of the starfish (Astropecten aranciacus) and its dynamic changes upon insemination. The results have shown that the altered seawater pH strongly affected the sperm-induced Ca2+ response and the polyspermy rate. When immature starfish oocytes were stimulated with 1-MA in acidic or alkaline seawater, the maturation process displayed a strong dependency on pH in terms of the dynamic structural changes of the cortical F-actin. The resulting alteration of the actin cytoskeleton, in turn, affected the pattern of Ca2+ signals at fertilization and sperm penetration.
Mitochondria Localized microRNAs: An Unexplored miRNA Niche in Alzheimer’s Disease and Aging
Authors: Rivera Jazmin , Gangwani Laxman , Kumar Subodh
Published: February 2023

Mitochondria play several vital roles in the brain cells, especially in neurons to provide synaptic energy (ATP), Ca2+ homeostasis, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production, apoptosis, mitophagy, axonal transport and neurotransmission. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-established phenomenon in the pathophysiology of many neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Amyloid-beta (Aβ) and Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) proteins cause the severe mitochondrial defects in AD. A newly discovered cellular niche of microRNAs (miRNAs), so-called mitochondrial-miRNAs (mito-miRs), has recently been explored in mitochondrial functions, cellular processes and in a few human diseases. The mitochondria localized miRNAs regulate local mitochondrial genes expression and are significantly involved in the modulation of mitochondrial proteins, and thereby in controlling mitochondrial function. Thus, mitochondrial miRNAs are crucial to maintaining mitochondrial integrity and for normal mitochondrial homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is well established in AD pathogenesis, but unfortunately mitochondria miRNAs and their precise roles have not yet been investigated in AD. Therefore, an urgent need exists to examine and decipher the critical roles of mitochondrial miRNAs in AD and in the aging process. The current perspective sheds light on the latest insights and future research directions on investigating the contribution of mitochondrial miRNAs in AD and aging.
Multiparametric Profiling of Neutrophil Function via a High-Throughput Flow Cytometry-Based Assay
Authors: Timmer Kyle D. , Floyd Daniel J. , Scherer Allison K. , Crossen Arianne J. , Atallah Johnny , Viens Adam L. , Sykes David B. , Mansour Michael K.
Published: February 2023

Neutrophils are a vital component of the innate immune system and play an essential function in the recognition and clearance of bacterial and fungal pathogens. There is great interest in understanding mechanisms of neutrophil dysfunction in the setting of disease and deciphering potential side effects of immunomodulatory drugs on neutrophil function. We developed a high throughput flow cytometry-based assay for detecting changes to four canonical neutrophil functions following biological or chemical triggers. Our assay detects neutrophil phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, ectodomain shedding, and secondary granule release in a single reaction mixture. By selecting fluorescent markers with minimal spectral overlap, we merge four detection assays into one microtiter plate-based assay. We demonstrate the response to the fungal pathogen, Candida albicans and validate the assay’s dynamic range using the inflammatory cytokines G-CSF, GM-CSF, TNFα, and IFNγ. All four cytokines increased ectodomain shedding and phagocytosis to a similar degree while GM-CSF and TNFα were more active in degranulation when compared to IFNγ and G-CSF. We further demonstrated the impact of small molecule inhibitors such as kinase inhibition downstream of Dectin-1, a critical lectin receptor responsible for fungal cell wall recognition. Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk), Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), and Src kinase inhibition suppressed all four measured neutrophil functions but all functions were restored with lipopolysaccharide co-stimulation. This new assay allows for multiple comparisons of effector functions and permits identification of distinct subpopulations of neutrophils with a spectrum of activity. Our assay also offers the potential for studying the intended and off-target effects of immunomodulatory drugs on neutrophil responses.
Heparan Sulfates Regulate Axonal Excitability and Context Generalization through Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II
Authors: Song Inseon , Kuznetsova Tatiana , Baidoe-Ansah David , Mirzapourdelavar Hadi , Senkov Oleg , Hayani Hussam , Mironov Andrey , Kaushik Rahul , Druzin Michael , Johansson Staffan , Dityatev Alexander
Published: February 2023

Our previous studies demonstrated that enzymatic removal of highly sulfated heparan sulfates with heparinase 1 impaired axonal excitability and reduced expression of ankyrin G at the axon initial segments in the CA1 region of the hippocampus ex vivo, impaired context discrimination in vivo, and increased Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity in vitro. Here, we show that in vivo delivery of heparinase 1 in the CA1 region of the hippocampus elevated autophosphorylation of CaMKII 24 h after injection in mice. Patch clamp recording in CA1 neurons revealed no significant heparinase effects on the amplitude or frequency of miniature excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents, while the threshold for action potential generation was increased and fewer spikes were generated in response to current injection. Delivery of heparinase on the next day after contextual fear conditioning induced context overgeneralization 24 h after injection. Co-administration of heparinase with the CaMKII inhibitor (autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide) rescued neuronal excitability and expression of ankyrin G at the axon initial segment. It also restored context discrimination, suggesting the key role of CaMKII in neuronal signaling downstream of heparan sulfate proteoglycans and highlighting a link between impaired CA1 pyramidal cell excitability and context generalization during recall of contextual memories.
A Practical and Analytical Comparative Study of Gel-Based Top-Down and Gel-Free Bottom-Up Proteomics Including Unbiased Proteoform Detection
Authors: Ercan Huriye , Resch Ulrike , Hsu Felicia , Mitulovic Goran , Bileck Andrea , Gerner Christopher , Yang Jae-Won , Geiger Margarethe , Miller Ingrid , Zellner Maria
Published: February 2023

Proteomics is an indispensable analytical technique to study the dynamic functioning of biological systems via different proteins and their proteoforms. In recent years, bottom-up shotgun has become more popular than gel-based top-down proteomics. The current study examined the qualitative and quantitative performance of these two fundamentally different methodologies by the parallel measurement of six technical and three biological replicates of the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 using its two most common standard techniques, label-free shotgun and two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). The analytical strengths and limitations were explored, finally focusing on the unbiased detection of proteoforms, exemplified by discovering a prostate cancer-related cleavage product of pyruvate kinase M2. Label-free shotgun proteomics quickly yields an annotated proteome but with reduced robustness, as determined by three times higher technical variation compared to 2D-DIGE. At a glance, only 2D-DIGE top-down analysis provided valuable, direct stoichiometric qualitative and quantitative information from proteins to their proteoforms, even with unexpected post-translational modifications, such as proteolytic cleavage and phosphorylation. However, the 2D-DIGE technology required almost 20 times as much time per protein/proteoform characterization with more manual work. Ultimately, this work should expose both techniques’ orthogonality with their different contents of data output to elucidate biological questions.
A Role for the V0 Sector of the V-ATPase in Neuroexocytosis: Exogenous V0d Blocks Complexin and SNARE Interactions with V0c
Authors: Lévêque Christian , Maulet Yves , Wang Qili , Rame Marion , Rodriguez Léa , Mochida Sumiko , Sangiardi Marion , Youssouf Fahamoe , Iborra Cécile , Seagar Michael , Vitale Nicolas , El Far Oussama
Published: February 2023

V-ATPase is an important factor in synaptic vesicle acidification and is implicated in synaptic transmission. Rotation in the extra-membranous V1 sector drives proton transfer through the membrane-embedded multi-subunit V0 sector of the V-ATPase. Intra-vesicular protons are then used to drive neurotransmitter uptake by synaptic vesicles. V0a and V0c, two membrane subunits of the V0 sector, have been shown to interact with SNARE proteins, and their photo-inactivation rapidly impairs synaptic transmission. V0d, a soluble subunit of the V0 sector strongly interacts with its membrane-embedded subunits and is crucial for the canonic proton transfer activity of the V-ATPase. Our investigations show that the loop 1.2 of V0c interacts with complexin, a major partner of the SNARE machinery and that V0d1 binding to V0c inhibits this interaction, as well as V0c association with SNARE complex. The injection of recombinant V0d1 in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons rapidly reduced neurotransmission. In chromaffin cells, V0d1 overexpression and V0c silencing modified in a comparable manner several parameters of unitary exocytotic events. Our data suggest that V0c subunit promotes exocytosis via interactions with complexin and SNAREs and that this activity can be antagonized by exogenous V0d.
Cytological Samples: An Asset for the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Frankel Diane , Nanni Isabelle , Ouafik L’Houcine , Greillier Laurent , Dutau Hervé , Astoul Philippe , Daniel Laurent , Kaspi Elise , Roll Patrice
Published: February 2023

Background: Lung cancer has become the leading cause of cancer death for men and women. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage when surgery is no longer a therapeutic option. At this stage, cytological samples are often the less invasive source for diagnosis and the determination of predictive markers. We assessed the ability of cytological samples to perform diagnosis, and to establish molecular profile and PD-L1 expression, which are essential for the therapeutic management of patients. Methods: We included 259 cytological samples with suspected tumor cells and assessed the ability to confirm the type of malignancy by immunocytochemistry. We summarized results of molecular testing by next generation sequencing (NGS) and PD-L1 expression from these samples. Finally, we analyzed the impact of these results in the patient management. Results: Among the 259 cytological samples, 189 concerned lung cancers. Of these, immunocytochemistry confirmed the diagnosis in 95%. Molecular testing by NGS was obtained in 93% of lung adenocarcinomas and non-small cell lung cancer. PD-L1 results were obtained in 75% of patients tested. The results obtained with cytological samples led to a therapeutic decision in 87% of patients. Conclusion: Cytological samples are obtained by minimally invasive procedures and can provide enough material for the diagnosis and therapeutic management in lung cancer patients.
The Characteristics of Tumor Microenvironment Predict Survival and Response to Immunotherapy in Adrenocortical Carcinomas
Authors: Lai Guichuan , Liu Hui , Deng Jielian , Li Kangjie , Zhang Cong , Zhong Xiaoni , Xie Biao
Published: February 2023

Increasing evidence confirms that tumor microenvironment (TME) can influence tumor progression and treatment, but TME is still understudied in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). In this study, we first scored TME using the xCell algorithm, then defined genes associated with TME, and then used consensus unsupervised clustering analysis to construct TME-related subtypes. Meanwhile, weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to identify modules correlated with TME-related subtypes. Ultimately, the LASSO-Cox approach was used to establish a TME-related signature. The results showed that TME-related scores in ACC may not correlate with clinical features but do promote a better overall survival. Patients were classified into two TME-related subtypes. Subtype 2 had more immune signaling features, higher expression of immune checkpoints and MHC molecules, no CTNNB1 mutations, higher infiltration of macrophages and endothelial cells, lower tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion scores, and higher immunophenoscore, suggesting that subtype 2 may be more sensitive to immunotherapy. 231 modular genes highly relevant to TME-related subtypes were identified, and a 7-gene TME-related signature that independently predicted patient prognosis was established. Our study revealed an integrated role of TME in ACC and helped to identify those patients who really responded to immunotherapy, while providing new strategies on risk management and prognosis prediction.
A Non-Contact Method for Detecting and Distinguishing Chloride and Carbonate Salts Based on Dielectric Properties Using a Microstrip Patch Sensor
Authors: Harnsoongnoen Supakorn
Published: February 2023

A non-contact method for detecting salt concentration in water using a microstrip patch sensor is presented in this work. The microstrip patch sensor, which has a low cost and simple build process, consists of a circular split ring resonator (SRR) with a hole drilled through the substrate in the middle area, and a microstrip patch antenna. The sensor was designed and fabricated using a printed circuit board (PCB) technique based on a negative dry film photoresist and photolithography method. It was built on an Arlon DiClad 880 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm and a relative permittivity of 2.2. The resonant frequencies (Fr) and reflection coefficients (S11) in the frequency range from 0.5 GHz to 0.8 GHz were recorded for analysis, both through simulation and experiment. The concentration of chloride and carbonate salts was varied from 0 mg/mL to 20 mg/mL in the tests using the sensor. The statistical analyses of S11 and Fr data obtained from measurements of five different salts at seven different concentrations (using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Bartlett test, and Kruskal–Wallis H test) were conducted using R version 4.2.0 to determine the relationship between the individual salts. The experimental results showed that the frequency response and resonance amplitude are functions of the concentration of each salt. The proposed method has the potential to be used for the non-contact measurement of industrial products, food quality, and health in the future.
A Fluorogenic Covalent Chromone-Based Intercalator with a Mega-Stokes Shift for Sensing DNA Hybridization
Authors: Vincent Steve , Mallick Suman , Barnoin Guillaume , Le Hoang-Ngoan , Burger Alain , Michel Benoît Y.
Published: February 2023

Forced intercalation (FIT) probes have proven to be a reliable, rapid, inexpensive, and accurate method for the detection and visualization of specific nucleic acid sequences. The accommodation of a rationally designed chromone-based fluorogen within a double-stranded DNA structure was investigated by UV–Vis spectrophotometry and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy under physiological pH conditions. After selective excitation matching with a 350 nm laser, the intrinsically negligible fluorescence of the tethered electroneutral label in a single-stranded context was increased 10-fold upon duplex formation. This fluorescence enhancement was also accompanied by a mega-Stokes shift (~100 nm) that placed the emission in the cyan color range; both features are appreciable for bio-imaging purposes. In sum, its fluorogenic behavior and its marginal impact on the double helix make this dye a prospective tool for selectively sensing sequences of interest with a remarkable ON/OFF contrast.
The Mealtime Behavior Problems of Children with Developmental Disabilities and the Teacher’s Stress in Inclusive Preschools
Authors: Juan Chen-Ya
Published: February 2023

With an increasing number of children with developmental disabilities entering inclusive preschools, preschool teachers face more behavioral problems in class. Preschool teachers typically attempt to address mealtime behavior problems of children with and without developmental disabilities simultaneously in class. This study used qualitative research to identify the stress triggers of preschool teachers addressing the mealtime behavior problems of children with developmental disabilities. Five preschool teachers attended semi-structured interviews. The results indicated that most children with developmental disabilities had problems with eating only preferred foods, using eating utensils appropriately during mealtime, becoming distracted from eating, and becoming frustrated with the classroom routine. Although solving these problems triggered stress in the preschool teachers, their stress was mainly in response to the children’s parents, other children’s imitation of inappropriate mealtime behaviors, and classroom schedule time management. Most of the preschool teachers stated that they had insufficient support. Preschool teachers require specialized information and strategies for improving the mealtime behaviors of children with developmental disabilities.
Tocolytic Therapy Inhibiting Preterm Birth in High-Risk Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yamaji Noyuri , Suzuki Hitomi , Saito Kana , Swa Toshiyuki , Namba Fumihiko , Vogel Joshua P. , Ramson Jenny A. , Cao Jenny , Tina Lavin , Ota Erika
Published: February 2023

This systematic review aimed to identify the benefits and possible harms of tocolytic therapy for preterm labour management in the context of pregnant women with extremely preterm birth, multiple gestations, or growth-restricted foetuses. A comprehensive search using MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and the WHO Global Index Medicus databases was conducted from 10 to 15 July 2021. We included randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies that assessed the effects of tocolysis compared with placebo or no treatment. We found 744 reports and, finally, nine studies (three randomized controlled trials and six cohort studies) pertaining to women with <28 weeks of gestation were included. No eligible studies were identified among women with a multiple pregnancy or a growth-restricted foetus. A meta-analysis of the trial data showed that there were no clear differences in perinatal death nor for a delay in birth. Non-randomized evidence showed that tocolysis delayed birth by 7 days, though there was no clear difference for preterm birth. In summary, it remains unclear whether tocolytic therapy for inhibiting preterm labour is beneficial for these subgroups of women and their newborns. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials and observational studies are needed to address the lack of evidence regarding tocolytic agents in these populations.
Predictive Value of MRI in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia
Authors: Guarnera Alessia , Lucignani Giulia , Parrillo Chiara , Rossi-Espagnet Maria Camilla , Carducci Chiara , Moltoni Giulia , Savarese Immacolata , Campi Francesca , Dotta Andrea , Milo Francesco , Cappelletti Simona , Capitello Grimaldi Teresa , Gandolfo Carlo , Napolitano Antonio , Longo Daniela
Published: February 2023

Background: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a severe pathology, and no unique predictive biomarker has been identified. Our aims are to identify associations of perinatal and outcome parameters with morphological anomalies and ADC values from MRI. The secondary aims are to define a predictive ADC threshold value and detect ADC value fluctuations between MRIs acquired within 7 days (MR0) and at 1 year (MR1) of birth in relation to perinatal and outcome parameters. Methods: Fifty-one term children affected by moderate HIE treated with hypothermia and undergoing MRI0 and MRI1 were recruited. Brain MRIs were evaluated through the van Rooij score, while ADC maps were co-registered on a standardized cerebral surface, on which 29 ROIs were drawn. Statistical analysis was performed in Matlab, with the statistical significance value at 0.05. Results: ADC0 < ADC1 in the left and right thalami, left and right frontal white matter, right visual cortex, and the left dentate nucleus of children showing abnormal perinatal and neurodevelopmental parameters. At ROC analysis, the best prognostic ADC cut-off value was 1.535 mm2/s × 10−6 (sensitivity 80%, specificity 86%) in the right frontal white matter. ADC1 > ADC0 in the right visual cortex and left dentate nucleus, positively correlated with multiple abnormal perinatal and neurodevelopmental parameters. The van Rooij score was significantly higher in children presenting with sleep disorders. Conclusions: ADC values could be used as prognostic biomarkers to predict children’s neurodevelopmental outcomes. Further studies are needed to address these crucial topics and validate our results. Early and multidisciplinary perinatal evaluation and the subsequent re-assessment of children are pivotal to identify physical and neuropsychological disorders to guarantee early and tailored therapy.
The Perceived Influence of Neurofibromatosis Type 1(NF1) on the Parents’ Relationship
Authors: Wiener Lori , Bedoya Sima Zadeh , Goyal Archita , Gordon Mallorie , Deuitch Natalie , Widemann Brigitte
Published: February 2023

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic condition affecting 1 in 3000 individuals. Having a child with a chronic illness can introduce both practical and emotional challenges to a parental relationship. This cross-sectional study was administered to 50 parents of children with NF1, diagnosed between the ages of 1–24. Each participant was provided a 50-item self-report survey to complete during an inpatient or outpatient visit. The survey gathered information on the participants’ views of the spouse/partner relationship, coping mechanisms, and elements that supported emotional connections. While the majority of parental relationships were reported to remain strong, the mean relationship quality was perceived to have decreased compared to prior to the child’s diagnosis. Compassionate and open communication, shared perspective, having time alone with their partner outside of medical situations, and dyadic coping were identified as strategies that could strengthen the relationship. The identified stressors to the parental relationship during the NF1 illness trajectory can inform interventions and help guide development of a couple’s intervention. The National Cancer Institute, NIH Institutional Review Board approved this study (12-C-0206).
Classification Performance of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Influence of Maternal Education Level
Authors: Lockhart Marguerite , Chaux Robin , Chevin Mathilde , Celle Magali , Raia-Barjat Tiphaine , Patural Hugues , Chabrier Stéphane , Giraud Antoine
Published: February 2023

(1) Background: The Ages and Stages Questionnaire—Third Edition (ASQ-3) is a parental screening questionnaire increasingly being used to evaluate the development of preterm children. We aimed to assess the classification performance of the ASQ-3 in preterm infant follow-up. (2) Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 185 children from the SEVE longitudinal cohort born <33 weeks of gestational age between November 2011 and January 2018, who had both an ASQ-3 score at 24 months of corrected age (CA) and a revised Brunet–Lézine (RBL) scale score at 30 months of CA. The ASQ-3 overall score and sub-scores were compared to the RBL developmental quotient (DQ) scores domain by domain. The diagnostic performance of the ASQ-3 was evaluated with the RBL as the reference method by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios. A multivariate analysis assessed the association between low maternal education level and incorrect evaluation with the ASQ-3. (3) Results: The ASQ-3 overall score had a specificity of 91%, a sensitivity of 34%, a positive likelihood ratio of 3.82, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.72. Low maternal education level was a major risk factor for incorrectly evaluating children with the ASQ-3 (odds ratio 4.16, 95% confidence interval 1.47–12.03; p < 0.01). (4) Conclusions: Regarding the low sensitivity and the impact of a low maternal education level on the classification performance of the ASQ-3, this parental questionnaire should not be used alone to follow the development of preterm children
The Role of SNPs in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty in Girls
Authors: Toutoudaki Konstantina , Paltoglou George , Papadimitriou Dimitrios T. , Eleftheriades Anna , Tsarna Ermioni , Christopoulos Panagiotis
Published: February 2023

The initiation of puberty is a crucial timepoint of development, with its disruptions being associated with multiple physical and psychological complications. Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty (iCPP) has been correlated with Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of certain genes that are implicated in various steps of the process of pubertal onset. The aim of this review was to gather current knowledge on SNPs of genes associated with iCPP. We searched articles published on the PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar platforms and gathered current literature. KISS1, KISS1R, PLCB1, PRKCA, ITPR1, MKRN3, HPG axis genes, NPVF/NPFFR1, DLK1, KCNK9Q, LIN28B, PROK2R, IGF-1, IGF2, IGF-1R, IGF-2R, IGFBP-3, insulin, IRS-1, LEP/LEPR, PPARγ2, TAC3, TACR3, Estrogen receptors, CYP3A4 and CYP19A1 were studied for implication in the development of precocious puberty. SNPs discovered in genes KISS1, KISS1R, PLCB1, MKRN3, NPVF, LIN28B, PROK2R, IRS-1 TAC3, and CYP3A4 were significantly correlated with CPP, triggering or protecting from CPP. Haplotype (TTTA)13 in CYP19A1 was a significant contributor to CPP. Further investigation of the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of CPP is required to broaden the understanding of these genes’ roles in CPP and possibly initiate targeted therapies.
Comparison of Childhood Caries Levels between Children of Pediatric Dentists and Children of General Dentists: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Naishlos Sarit , Blumer Sigalit , Nissan Sagit , Nissan Joseph , Kharouba Johnny
Published: February 2023

Caries development in children is a prevalent childhood disease. Factors affecting chronic teeth lesions include nutrition, parental involvement, and executing proper dental health attitude. Professional dentists are perceived as role models for the oral health and hygiene of their families. The purposes of the research were 1. To compare caries rates in the children of pediatric dentists and children of general dentists. 2. To compare children’s nutrition habits between pediatric dentists and general dentists. 3. To compare children’s oral health and hygiene between pediatric dentists and general dentists. 4. To compare children’s usage of fluoride-containing products between pediatric dentists and general dentists. A cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing self-reporting questionnaires to pediatric dentists and general dentists via the social media “snowball” platform. The following themes were surveyed: nutrition habits and oral hygiene of the children. The sample consisted of 176 participants. Children of pediatric dentists were found to have fewer cases of caries than children of general dentists (p = 0.018). Nutrition habits did not differ between the two groups. In addition, pediatric dentists reported that their children use more fluoridated toothpaste in comparison with general dentists. Professional training of pediatric dentists contributed to shaping the oral hygiene attitude of their children.
Dexmedetomidine: An Alternative to Pain Treatment in Neonatology
Authors: Mantecón-Fernández Laura , Lareu-Vidal Sonia , González-López Clara , Solís-Sánchez Gonzalo , Suárez-Rodríguez Marta
Published: February 2023

Infants might be exposed to pain during their admissions in the neonatal intensive care unit [NICU], both from their underlying conditions and several invasive procedures required during their stay. Considering the particularities of this population, recognition and adequate management of pain continues to be a challenge for neonatologists and investigators. Diverse therapies are available for treatment, including non-pharmacological pain management measures and pharmacological agents (sucrose, opioids, midazolam, acetaminophen, topical agents…) and research continues. In recent years one of the most promising drugs for analgesia has been dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist. It has shown a promising efficacy and safety profile as it produces anxiolysis, sedation and analgesia without respiratory depression. Moreover, studies have shown a neuroprotective role in animal models which could be beneficial to neonatal population, especially in preterm newborns. Side effects of this therapy are mainly cardiovascular, but in most studies published, those were not severe and did not require specific therapeutic measures for their resolution. The main objective of this article is to summarize the existing literature on neonatal pain management strategies available and review the efficacy of dexmedetomidine as a new therapy with increasing use in the NICU.
Effects of a Diabetes Sports Summer Camp on the Levels of Physical Activity and Dimensions of Health-Related Quality of Life in Young Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Skoufa Lida , Makri Eleni , Barkoukis Vassilis , Papagianni Maria , Triantafyllou Panagiota , Kouidi Evangelia
Published: February 2023

Physical activity (PA) is considered an important part of the treatment of children with diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM). Furthermore, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) affects both the physical and mental health of patients with T1DM. The purpose of the study was to evaluate through a randomized controlled trial the impact of participation in a summer diabetes sports camp on the PA and HRQoL of children and adolescents with T1DM. Eighty-four children and adolescents with T1DM were randomly assigned into an intervention (M = 12.64, SD = 1.82, 30 female) and a control group (M = 12.67, SD = 2.50, 30 female). Intervention group participants attended a ten-day summer diabetes sports camp which included an intensive program of PA (6 h of daily PA), educational and entertaining activities as well as education on the importance of PA in the management of the disease. At baseline and at the end of the study, participants completed measures of physical activity, self-esteem, depression, health status, intention to change behavior, and life satisfaction. Results of the two-way repeated measures analysis showed no statistically significant group differences in PA levels (p < 0.05) and HRQoL parameters (p < 0.05 for all parameters). In conclusion, the results did not support the effectiveness of a 10-day diabetes sports camp on PA levels and HRQoL for children with T1DM. Longer interventions may be more effective in exerting positive influence on trait parameters of children with T1DM’s quality of life. Participation in such programs on multiple occasions should be evaluated in the future.
Bacterial Colonization and Proliferation in Primary Molars following the Use of the Hall Technique: A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Study
Authors: Elbahary Shlomo , Aharonian Shiran , Azem Hanaa , Peretz Benjamin , Mostinski Olga , Blumer Sigalit
Published: February 2023

Restorative dentistry aims to create a favorable environment to arrest caries with minimal operative intervention. The Hall technique (HT) involves the seating and cementation of stainless steel crowns (SSC) on primary molars without any tooth preparation, caries removal, or local anesthesia. In this manner, it entombs bacteria and arrests caries’ progress. We compared bacterial distribution and quantity among primary molars affected with caries and restored with SSC using the HT (n = 10), the conventional technique (CT; n = 10), or not restored at all (control; n = 10). The teeth were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis to mimic the clinical situation in the oral cavity and then incubated for 21 days. They were then cut mesiodistally and evaluated with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Total bacterial load (live + dead) in the mesial and distal areas of the crown showed no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.711), but there were significantly more dead than live bacteria in the CT and control groups versus the HT group (p = 0.0274 and p = 0.0483, respectively). Inside the pulp chamber and the crown area, the total bacterial load was significantly higher in the HT compared to the CT group (p < 0.001). Significantly more dead than live bacteria were observed in all tooth areas treated with the HT (p = 0.0169). Bacterial penetration depth was significantly correlated with bacterial load (p = 0.0167). In conclusion, although more bacteria were present in teeth that had undergone the HT versus those treated with the CT, they were mainly unviable. Additionally, the CT and the HT showed a similar performance in terms of marginal leakage, indicating that complete caries removal is not essential to achieve good sealing.
Different Protocols for Low Whole-Body Vibration Frequency for Spasticity and Physical Performance in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Peungsuwan Punnee , Chatchawan Uraiwan , Donpunha Wanida , Malila Pisamai , Sriboonreung Thanyaluck
Published: February 2023

Background: Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a therapeutic exercise tool that can be used in children with cerebral palsy (CP). A low vibration frequency with different protocols has been suggested, but no optimal dose has been explicitly indicated. We aimed to determine the superiority of a gradually increased 7–18 Hz WBV protocol over a static 11 Hz WBV and the immediate and short-term effects of WBV training on improving spasticity, functional strength, balance, and walking ability in children with spastic CP. Methods: Twenty-four participants with CP (mean age: 11.5 ± 2.9 years) were randomly allocated into protocols of a static 11 Hz vibration frequency group (SVF) or one that increased from a 7 to an 18 Hz vibration frequency (IVF) (n = 12/group). The WBV programmes were completed for 30 min/session/day to identify immediate effects, and the short-term programme then continued for four days/week for eight weeks. Results: Modified Ashworth Scale scores significantly and immediately improved in the IVF group (hip adductor and knee extensor, p < 0.05), and after eight weeks showed significant improvement in the SVF group (ankle plantar flexor, p < 0.05). Within groups, the Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSTS), the Time Up and Go Test and the Functional Reach Test significantly improved in the SVF group, whereas only the FTSTS improved in the IVF group (p < 0.05). There were no significant between-group differences at the eight-week postintervention, except reduced spasticity. Conclusions: A protocol of 7–18 Hz WBV seems to offer superior immediate results in terms of improved spasticity; however, a static 11 Hz protocol appears to offer superior results after eight weeks, although the two protocols did not differ significantly in effects on physical performance. This finding may facilitate preparations to normalise muscle tone before functional mobility therapy. The study results may support future studies about the dose-response of WBV frequency.
The Maxilla-Mandibular Discrepancies through Soft-Tissue References: Reliability and Validation of the Anteroposterior Measurement
Authors: Maspero Cinzia , Cenzato Niccolò , Inchingolo Francesco , Cagetti Maria Grazia , Isola Gaetano , Sozzi Davide , Del Fabbro Massimo , Tartaglia Gianluca Martino
Published: February 2023

This research aimed to identify a new measurement to diagnose the sagittal maxillary and mandibular difference that considers the patient’s profile (soft tissue Wits appraisal: obtained by projecting points A and B on the occlusal plane and subsequently measuring the linear distance between the two points). This new measurement was compared to the conventional Wits appraisal obtained to diagnose sagittal jaw discrepancy. In total, 300 subjects (162 males, 138 females) aged between 6 and 50 years requiring orthodontic treatment were analyzed. The cephalometric tracings on the pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained and the two measurements taken were the Wits appraisal and a new measurement which were both calculated and compared. The analysis of the linear correlations between the conventional Wits value and the measurement obtained on the soft-tissue were undertaken. The relevance was established at 5% (p < 0.05). The mean values were also calculated within sex and age classes, and comparisons between sexes were obtained employing the t test Student’s for independent samples. Subsequently, chi-square analysis was also utilized to verify the sex distributions in the age groups considered. The results obtained suggested that these two measurements were significantly correlated with each other, with no characteristic patterns of sex or age. These data allowed an estimation of the reference values of the new measurement (−1.9 mm and 5.4 mm for patients with Class I molar relationship) showing that the former was more variable than the latter. The new measurement could allow for an accurate evaluation of the jaws sagittal discrepancy from soft tissue analysis.
Complementary Feeding Methods: Associations with Feeding and Emotional Responsiveness
Authors: Fernandes Carla , Martins Fátima , Santos Ana F. , Fernandes Marília , Veríssimo Manuela
Published: February 2023

Learning to eat complementary foods is a crucial milestone for infants, having implications across development. The most used method for introducing complementary foods is Traditional Spoon-Feeding (TSF). However, the alternative method Baby-Led Weaning (BLW) is increasingly becoming used as it has been associated with positive outcomes. Research analyzing associations between complementary feeding methods and responsive parenting is practically non-existent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze differences in emotional and feeding responsiveness between caregivers who previously implemented traditional vs. non-traditional feeding approaches. Caregivers (mostly mothers) of 179 children between 3 and 5 years were asked about the complementary feeding method that they had followed previously (70.4% reported using the TSF, 16.8% said they used the BLW and 12.8% used both methods simultaneously). In addition, they reported on their feeding practices using the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire and on their responses to children’s distress using the Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale. The results showed that parents who reported using a non-traditional (BLW or both) complementary feeding method reported less pressure to eat and minimization of reactions to children’s negative emotions, compared to parents who used a traditional method (although these reported using more problem-focused reactions). The findings suggest that complementary feeding methods and responsive parenting may be linked, leaving the question of which one sets the stage for the other.
Development, Pre-Testing and Feasibility Testing of Multi-Component Interventions, Critical for Mental Health Promotion in Primary Care among Mexican-American Adolescents Living in Rural America
Authors: Champion Jane
Published: February 2023

Rural America is often viewed as bereft of social problems facing urban America. Rural families, however, experience stressors due to low employment rates, fewer educational opportunities, a relatively increased incidence of poverty and limited access to mental health care. These families are at increased risk for substance use, violence and associated psychological distress that occurs when failing to cope with stress. Rural children, experiencing these stressors and affected by barriers of culture, poverty and remote access to mental health care, are at higher risk for these negative health outcomes. The need for culturally appropriate intervention tailored to the target population, rural Mexican-American adolescent women, is consistently supported by evidence. A one-size-fits-all approach most likely will not effectively impact behavior and health outcomes. The fact that few studies evaluated effects of mental health interventions on multiple outcomes including substance use, violence, unintended pregnancy and STI is problematic given previously noted associations. Evidence is needed to evaluate associations between mental health interventions and these outcomes. This manuscript presents results of preliminary studies, conducted using a multi-method research approach for development, pre-testing and feasibility testing of interventions for rural primary care settings. This methodology is appropriate when dealing with the complexity of social phenomena. It provides a look at an issue from all angles and thereby the cultural context and perspective informing intervention development. These multi-component interventions are critical for mental health promotion among Mexican-American adolescent women living in rural America.
Dental Treatment Characteristics of Autistic Children and Differences in Dental Procedures under General Anesthesia Relative to Healthy Counterparts
Authors: Alghafis Bayan , Alharbi Abdulaziz , Al-Haj Ali Sanaa , Alsineedi Faisal , Alsudairi Ohoud
Published: February 2023

Here, we assess the dental treatment characteristics among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and compare the dental procedures delivered under general anesthesia (GA) with those of healthy-matched counterparts. In this retrospective cohort study, we collected data from medical records of ASD children (n = 82) which included demographic profile, medical status (including the severity of the ASD and associated comorbidities), and dental history (including dental visits, behavior, care approach, and dental procedures provided). For those children who received dental GA (DGA) (n = 64), we compared all procedures delivered and the number of repeat sessions with healthy children (n = 64). Our results reveal that most ASD children (78%) received DGA, mainly with one repeat session (63.4%). The dental procedures provided to the children differed significantly according to the severity of the ASD and the behavior of the children. Furthermore, increasing severity led to significantly worse behavior of the children, increased need for DGA and repeat sessions. Comparison of the dental procedures under GA with healthy children revealed a significantly lower mean of almost all dental procedures in ASD children, except fissure-sealed teeth (p < 0.05). Considering these findings, DGA is unavoidable for ASD children with moderate-to-severe conditions or negative behavior in the dental office, even when their dental needs are lower than healthy children. The severity of ASD was the most important factor affecting the behavior of the children and the care approach they received. Along with children’s behavior, they most influenced the dental procedures delivered and the need for repeat DGA.
Premorbid Personality Traits as Risk Factors for Behavioral Addictions: A Systematic Review of a Vulnerability Hypothesis
Authors: Smirni Daniela , Smirni Pietro , Lavanco Gioacchino , Caci Barbara
Published: February 2023

The debate on personality structure and behavioral addictions is an outstanding issue. According to some authors, behavioral addictions could arise from a premorbid personality, while for others, it could result from a pathological use of technological tools. The current study aims to investigate whether, in the latest literature, personality traits have been identified as predictors of behavioral addictions. A literature search was conducted under the PRISMA methodology, considering the most relevant studies of the five-factor model from the past 10 years. Overall, most studies on addiction, personality traits, and personality genetics proved that behavioral addiction may be an epiphenomenon of a pre-existing personality structure, and that it more easily occurs in vulnerable subjects with emotional instability, negative affects, and unsatisfactory relationships with themselves, others, and events. Such neurotic personality structure was common to any addictive behavior, and was the main risk factor for both substance and behavioral addictions. Therefore, in clinical and educational contexts, it becomes crucial to primarily focus on the vulnerability factors, at-risk personality traits, and protective and moderating traits such as extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience; meanwhile, treatment of behavioral addictions is frequently focused on overt pathological behaviors.
Vitamin D and Omega-3 (Fatty Acid) Supplementation in Pregnancy for the Primary Prevention of Food Allergy in Children-Literature Review
Authors: Feketea Gavriela , Kostara Maria , Bumbacea Roxana Silvia , Vassilopoulou Emilia , Tsabouri Sophia
Published: February 2023

During the last decades the prevalence of food allergy (FA), an adverse immune response to a specific food antigen, has risen, with negative effects on the quality of life (QoL) of many children and their families. The pathogenesis of FA is complex, involving both genetic and environmental factors. SPINK5, STAT6, HLA and FOXP3 are some of the genes that are reported to be implicated in FA development. Regarding environmental factors, particular interest has been focused on modification of the dietary habits of pregnant women for the primary prevention of FA. Specifically, Vitamin D and omega-3 (Ω-3) fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy may influence the development of FA in the offspring. Vitamin D is a hormone with various actions, including mediation of the immune system, reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines and promoting tolerance. Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy suppresses T-regulatory cells in the fetus, and Vitamin D supplementation might protect against FA development. Dietary Ω-3 fatty acids are found mainly in fish and vegetable oils. They are beneficial for human health, playing a role in the immune system as anti-inflammatory agents, and providing cell membrane stabilization with inhibition of antigen presentation. It is documented that maternal supplementation with Ω-3 during pregnancy may protect from allergic sensitization in the children. The aim of this literature review was to explore the potential preventive role of maternal supplementation during pregnancy with Vitamin D and Ω-3 in the development of FA in the offspring. With the prevalence of FA rising, all the possible protective mechanisms and measures for FA prevention need to be explored, starting with those that can be modified.