bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Socio-Economic Impact of the Pandemic on the Micro-, Small-, and Medium-Scale Enterprises
Authors: Bhide Ca Shilpa Vasant
Published: June 2023

The micro small and medium scale industry in India is an important sector, as it has contributed tremendously to the economic as well as social development. It has not only encouraged entrepreneurship but has also been instrumental in generating employment. The sector supports large-scale industries as it offers a wide range of products and services. The Covid 19 pandemic is having an impact on the sector such as loss of profit and revenue, loss of employment, and working capital problems. The chapter covers the impact in three stages: pre-pandemic, during the lock down, post-lock down and post-pandemic. It studies the remedial measures undertaken to revive and sustain the sector. It traces the risks, challenges, and opportunities for the sector. The chapter focuses on the journey of the MSMEs Sector from before the pandemic to the current situation and tries to analyse what lies ahead.
Preparing low-cost cadaveric cross-sections for integrated teaching and learning of cross-sectional radiological anatomy and gross anatomy in medical education
Authors: Liyanage U. A. , Mathangasinghe Y. , Malalasekera A. P.
Published: June 2023

The study of cross-sections in orthogonal planes lay a solid foundation for a 3-dimensional approach to learning anatomy and helps correlate with radiological cross-sectional images. We aimed to develop instructional material for such teaching/learning using a low-cost method for cross-sectioning. Cross-sections of preserved frozen cadavers were obtained analogous to CT imaging planes, and subsequently paired with corresponding radiological images for comparison. Hence, this cost-effective method can be used to develop resources for teaching both cross-sectional and radiological anatomy.
Covering entropy for types in tracial W*-algebras
Authors: Jekel David
Published: June 2023

We study embeddings of tracial $\mathrm{W}^*$-algebras into a ultraproduct of matrix algebras through an amalgamation of free probabilistic and model-theoretic techniques.  Jung implicitly and Hayes explicitly defined \emph{$1$-bounded entropy} through the asymptotic covering numbers of Voiculescu's microstate spaces, that is, spaces of matrix tuples $(X_1^{(N)},X_2^{(N)},\dots)$ having approximately the same $*$-moments as the generators $(X_1,X_2,\dots)$ of a given tracial $\mathrm{W}^*$-algebra.  We study the analogous covering entropy for microstate spaces defined through formulas that use suprema and infima, not only $*$-algebra operations and the trace | formulas such as arise in the model theory of tracial $\mathrm{W}^*$-algebras initiated by Farah, Hart, and Sherman.  By relating the new theory with the original $1$-bounded entropy, we show that if $\mathcal{M}$ is a separable tracial $\mathrm{W}^*$-algebra with $h(\cN:\cM) \geq 0$, then there exists an embedding of $\cM$ into a matrix ultraproduct $\cQ = \prod_{n \to \cU} M_n(\C)$ such that $h(\cN:\cQ)$ is arbitrarily close to $h(\cN:\cM)$.  We deduce that if all embeddings of $\cM$ into $\cQ$ are automorphically equivalent, then $\cM$ is strongly $1$-bounded and in fact has $h(\cM) \leq 0$.
The Methodology of Imam An-Nawawi in Refuting the Contradiction between
Authors: Ahmed Abdullah Almajayishi Ahmed Abdullah Almajayishi
Published: June 2023

This research sheds light on an important topic in the science of the Fundamentals of Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) i.e., refuting the contradiction between Islamic Law (Shari’a) texts in general, and the issue of the general and the specific in particular through the methodology of grand Scholar, Imam An- Nawawi.
Slums in the Governorate of Hafar Al-Batin: A Study of the
Authors: Abdullah bin Abdul Rahman Al-Huraish Abdullah bin Abdul Rahman Al-Huraish
Published: June 2023

The Research's Subject is about Characteristics and limitations of the Slums Housing in Hafr Al- Batin Governorate in Saudi Arabia. The study identified the state and environmental features of uunplanned Settlements in the city of Hafr Al-Batin.
The Legal Adaptation of the Privatization Contract
Authors: Asam Saud Alsaiat Asam Saud Alsaiat
Published: June 2023

Research title is “The Legal Characterization for Privatization Contract according to Privatization Law issued recently in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia under the Royal Decree No. M/63 dated 5/8/1442 H (18/3/2101 G).” This research aims at defining the type of such contract in terms of its importance and modernity
Inability to Complete Argument, Definition and Types
Authors: Eman Abdallah Abdulwahed Alkhmeis Eman Abdallah Abdulwahed Alkhmeis
Published: June 2023

The science of argument is one of the important sciences by which the validity of evidence is known. The stages of this science are many, and one of them is the cessation of continuing; here we reveal in detail about this stage, and show many elements related to it, such as definition and types.
On the Syntax of Zero Copular Constructions in Standard Arabic
Authors: Nasser Al-Horais Nasser Al-Horais
Published: June 2023

the current paper aims to review the previous accounts analyzing the underlying structure of Zero Copular Constructions in Standard Arabic ‘verbless sentences’, and provides much support to the non-Null Analysis based on intriguing piece of evidence, favouring the view that verbless sentences do not have a null or deleted copula.
Rulings of polygamy in the light of the Holy Qur’an
Authors: Hasen Ali Ali Arayshi Hasen Ali Ali Arayshi
Published: June 2023

the current research is about one type of Qur'anic interpretations, which is the objective interpretation and its title: (Islamic Rules of polygamy in the light of the Holy Quran) by studying the Qur'anic verses and the Islamic rules derived from them. The research refers to the scholars of Quranic interpretations (both the ancestors and successors).
Evaluation Identity within Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Ayman Mohamed Mostafa Yossef Ayman Mohamed Mostafa Yossef
Published: June 2023

There is a global trend to assess the cities within sustainability, also, the identity is one of the most important challenges of the urban field here shows the main question of the research is how to assess identity within sustainability?
Benthic Foraminiferal Distribution and their Environmental Significance of Selected Red Sea Coastal Ecosystems, Saudi Arabia
Authors: G. Al-Zubieri Aaid
Published: June 2023

The present study uses benthic foraminiferal abundance and diversity indices in the coastal bottom sediments of the Farasan Island, Southern Cornich of Jeddah (SCJ) and Rabigh areas, Saudi Arabia to identify the ecological controls on their distribution. A total of 20 recent sediment samples were collected from the studied sites. Grain size analysis, CaCO3 content and organic matter were determined. Multivariate analyses were applied to test and represent the diversity indices and distribution of benthic foraminiferal assemblage. Two main benthic foraminiferal assemblages; A and B have been distinguished. The assemblage-A includes a high abundance of T. trigonula (33%), S. communis (30%), Q. bosciana (21%), E. striatopunctatum (18%) with low diversity indices in the Rabigh coastal sediments indicating high ecological stress. The Farasan ecosystem is dominated by sub-assemblage-B1 P. planatus (55%), S. orbiculus (27%), N. calcar (15%), Q. limbata (14%), which totally ranges between 60%-82%, indicating a highly oxic marine environment and normal ecology stress. Sub-assemblage-B2 such as P. planatus (39%),C. hemprichii (26%), V. neostriata (15%),Q. costata (10%) dominate the Southern Corniche of Jeddah (SCJ) with relatively high diversity indices, indicating moderate stress ecology or unstable environmental conditions.The cluster and the canonical correspondence analyses (CCA) indicated that the distribution and diversity pattern of benthic foraminifera are controlled by the enrichment of organic matters, CaCO3 contents, and sediments grain size characteristics. The concept of differentiation between these ecosystems is probably related to several factors, such as seasonal flash floods carrying a considerable amount of dissolved nutrients and mangrove communities on the Rabigh coast. In contrast, it is negligible on the south Jeddah coast and absence on Farasan Island.
Temporal and Diel Variability of Mesozooplankton Abundance in the Central Red Sea with Emphasis on the Calanoid Copepod Centropages spp.
Authors: S. Al-Harbi Hanan
Published: June 2023

The temporal and diel variability in mesozooplankton abundance were studied between January and December 2018 at a station in front of Obhur Creek, central Red Sea. Temperature and salinity reflected the hot and saline conditions of the Red Sea. Inorganic nutrients and phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) depicted the oligotrophic characteristics of the region with occasional increase. Phytoplankton displayed low numerical densities (average 246.80±306.98×103 cells m-3) except for the high value in May (1082.34×103 cells m-3). Diatoms dominated the total phytoplankton (70.6%) most of the year, while dinoflagellates during summer. The mesozooplankton average abundance varied temporally between 1523±1377 in February and 23171±9704 individuals m-3 in December, while diel values fluctuated between 2694±3482 and 9009±6851 individuals m-3. The seasonal abundance was the higher in cold period; while the high diel abundance appeared mainly from the evening and midnight collections. Copepods were the dominant group, contributing 79.5 % to total zooplankton. Cladocerans, chaetognaths, appendicularians and crab larvae were represented considerable percentages of total zooplankton (4.8, 1.7, 1.5 and 2.8%, respectively). All of these groups exhibited clear seasonal and diel variations. The dominant calanoid copepod Centropages spp. attained its high abundance during the spring and autumn, but it recorded the highest diel from the evening and midnight. It is evident from this study that the distribution of zooplankton in the central Red sea is mainly dependent on the cumulative effect of both temperature and solar radiation, while the Centropages spp. have a particular affinity towards the moderate temperature indicating its native behavior.
Description of the First Four Zoeal Stages of Grapsus albolineatus (Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae) of the Red Sea Reared under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: E. Al Haj Ahmed
Published: June 2023

Larvae of Grapsus albolineatus (Latreille, in Milbert, 1812) of the Red Sea were reared in the laboratory for 24 days and four zoeal stages were obtained. In this paper, these first four zoeal stages of Grapsus albolineatus have been described for the first time; these descriptions aid to compare this species with other congeneric species and to show that its morphological features are basically equal to those defined for grapsid zoeae. Cephalothorax lateral spines are present from the second zoeal stage, however, a third seta on the second segment of the endopod of the first maxilliped in the fourth zoea is observed for the first time in a grapsid four zoea and the diagnostic value of this character needs to be investigated further.
J1939 Digital Annex
Authors:   Truck Bus Control and Communications Network Committee
Published: June 2023

This document is intended to supplement the J1939 documents by offering the J1939 information in a form that can be sorted and search for easier use.
J1979-DA, Digital Annex of E/E Diagnostic Test Modes
Authors:   Vehicle E E System Diagnostic Standards Committee
Published: June 2023

On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) regulations require passenger cars, and light and medium duty trucks, to support communication of a minimum set of diagnostic information to off-board “generic” test equipment. This document specifies the diagnostic data which may be required to be supported by motor vehicles and external test equipment for diagnostic purposes which pertain to motor vehicle emission-related data. SAE J1979 was originally developed to meet U.S. OBD requirements for 1996 and later model year vehicles. ISO 15031 5 was based on SAE J1979 and was intended to combine the U.S. requirements with European OBD requirements for 2000 and later model year vehicles.
Badanie zagrożeń w środowisku informacyjnym na przykładzie dyskusji o rusofobii w polskojęzycznym segmencie serwisu Facebook na podstawie danych z 2018 r. i z okresu styczeń–kwiecień 2022 r.
Authors: Baraniuk Kamil
Published: June 2023

W artykule dokonano analizy kont najbardziej zaangażowanych w inicjowanie dyskusji o rusofobii w polskojęzycznym segmencie portalu społecznościowego Facebook w 2018 r. oraz w okresie styczeń–kwiecień 2022 r. Proces badawczy został przeprowadzony z wykorzystaniem analizy ilościowej trendu występowania hasła związanego z dyskusją o rusofobii, analizy sieciowej i analizy ramowej. Intencją autora był pogłębiony opis tego, w jaki sposób ta grupa użytkowników mediów społecznościowych zareagowała na czynnik sytuacyjny kształtujący środowisko informacyjne, którym była inwazja Rosji na Ukrainę. Autor poszukiwał odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak zaobserwowane zjawiska wpłynęły na bezpieczeństwo informacyjne państwa. W badaniu odnotowano pozytywne zmiany w segmencie środowiska informacyjnego dotyczące dyskusji o rusofobii.

ABSTRACT
A study of threats in the information environment on the example of discussions about Russophobia in the Polish-language section of Facebook based on data from 2018 and January-April 2022

The article analyses the accounts most involved in initiating discussions about Russophobia in the Polish-language section of the Facebook social network in 2018 and in the period January-April 2022. The research process was carried out using quantitative trend analysis of the occurrence of a keyword related to discussion about Russophobia, network analysis and frame analysis. The author’s intention was an in-depth description of how this group of social media users reacted to the situational factor shaping the information environment, which was Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The author sought to answer the question of how the observed phenomena affected the information security of the state. The study noted positive changes in the segment of the information environment concerning the discussion of Russophobia.
Szturm na siedzibę Służby Bezpieczeństwa Ukrainy w Ługańsku w 2014 r. jako przykład operacji służb specjalnych Federacji Rosyjskiej
Authors: Świerczek Marek
Published: June 2023

Autor analizuje zajęcie siedziby Służby Bezpieczeństwa Ukrainy (SBU) w Ługańsku w 2014 r. przez prorosyjskich manifestantów. Przedstawia także dobrze udokumentowane poszlaki wskazujące na to, że ługańska SBU została wybrana przez rosyjskie służby specjalne, aby odegrać rolę „wyzwalacza” wystąpień separatystycznych w Donbasie. Temu miało służyć między innymi zgromadzenie w magazynach tej jednostki ogromnych ilości amunicji, broni i materiałów wybuchowych, aby natychmiast po szturmie separatyści mogli przystąpić do tworzenia struktur militarnych. Zdaniem autora infiltracja ukraińskiego SBU i Ministerstwa Spraw Wewnętrznych była łatwiejsza wskutek istnienia w nich rozgałęzionych sieci klientelistycznych. To umożliwiało politykom wrogim nowej władzy sterowanie instytucjami państwowymi w imię interesów strategicznych Federacji Rosyjskiej.

2014 takeover of the SBU headquarters in Lugansk as an example of the operation of the Russian special services
The author analyzes the seizure of the SBU headquarters in Lugansk in 2014 by pro-Russian demonstrators. The author presents well-documented evidence that the Luhansk SBU was selected by the Russian secret services as a “trigger” of the uprising in the Donbas, due to the accumulation of a huge amount of ammunition, weapons and explosives, thanks to which the separatists could immediately start creating military structures after the attack. In the author’s opinion, the infiltration of the Ukrainian SBU and the Ministry of the Interior was facilitated by the existence of branched clientelist networks within them, enabling politicians hostile to the new prowestern government to steer state institutions in the name of the strategic interests of the Russian Federation.
Szczególne rozwiązania prawne w dziedzinie bezpieczeństwa energetycznego w sektorze gazu ziemnego adresowane do odbiorców chronionych paliw gazowych. Wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Grzebiela Klaudia
Published: June 2023

Uzależnienie państwa od dostaw gazu ziemnego ze źródeł zewnętrznych wymaga podejmowania niezbędnych działań legislacyjnych, które zabezpieczą odbiorców przed negatywnymi skutkami wydarzeń polityczno-ekonomicznych wpływających na bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne państwa. W sektorze gazu ziemnego zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa energetycznego i zapobieganie rodzącym się zagrożeniom jest szczególnie istotne. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wprowadzonych przez ustawodawcę rozwiązań prawnych służących ochronie pewnych grup odbiorców na rynku gazu ziemnego i umożliwiających podejmowanie działań minimalizujących negatywne skutki społeczno-gospodarcze w przypadku przerwania dostaw gazu lub nagłego wzrostu jego cen. Wprowadzane regulacje prawne podkreślają unikatową specyfikę rynku gazu ziemnego, którego istotną cechą jest jego związek z importem.

Specific legal solutions in the field of energy security in the natural gas sector addressed to protected customers of gaseous fuels. Selected issues
The state’s dependence on the supply of natural gas from external sources requires legislative measures to be taken to protect customers from the negative effects of political and economic events affecting the state’s internal security. In the natural gas sector, ensuring energy security and preventing emerging threats is particularly important. The purpose of this article is to present the legal solutions to protect certain groups of customers in the natural gas market and minimise the negative socio-economic effects in the event of an interruption to gas supply or a sudden increase in gas prices. The introduced legal regulations emphasise the unique specificity of the natural gas market, the essential feature of which is its relationship with imports.
Formalnoprawne podstawy udziału Morskiego Oddziału Straży Granicznej w przeciwdziałaniu pozamilitarnym sytuacjom nadzwyczajnym na polskich obszarach morskich
Authors: Ilnicki Marek
Published: June 2023

Polskie obszary morskie – zarówno te wchodzące w skład terytorium Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej, jak i te znajdujące się poza nim – są objęte odpowiednią jurysdykcją państwa zapewniającą dbałość o polskie interesy na tych akwenach. Różnorodność przedmiotowa prawnie chronionych wartości wymaga systemowych działań kompetentnych podmiotów. Bezpieczeństwo polskich obszarów morskich w ujęciu militarnym (obronnym), a także pozamilitarnym (ochronnym) na poziomie krajowym jest gwarantowane przez siły morskie RP. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie roli Morskiego Oddziału Straży Granicznej – na tle ustrojowych rozstrzygnięć i występujących zagrożeń – w przeciwdziałaniu pozamilitarnym sytuacjom nadzwyczajnym na polskich obszarach morskich. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań należy przyjąć, że zakres ustawowych zadań i uprawnień w połączeniu z potencjałem kadrowym i sprzętowym MOSG czyni tę jednostkę Straży Granicznej głównym pozamilitarnym komponentem sił morskich RP.

Formal and legal basis for the participation of the Maritime Border Guard Regional Unit in counteracting non-military emergency situations in Polish maritime areas
Polish maritime areas - both those forming part of the territory of the Republic of Poland and those located outside it - are covered by appropriate state jurisdiction ensuring that Polish interests in these waters are taken care of. The subject-matter diversity of legally protected values requires systemic action by competent entities. The security of Polish maritime areas in military (defence) as well as non-military (protection) terms at the national level is guaranteed by the naval forces of the Republic of Poland. The aim of this article is to present the role of the Maritime Border Guard Regional Unit (MOSG) - against the background of systemic solutions and existing threats - in counteracting non-military emergency situations in Polish maritime areas. As a result of the conducted research it should be assumed that the scope of statutory tasks and powers in combination with the personnel and equipment potential of the MOSG makes this unit of the Border Guard the main non-military component of the maritime forces of the Republic of Poland.
Formal and legal basis for the participation of the Maritime Border Guard Regional Unit in counteracting non-military emergency situations in Polish maritime areas
Authors: Ilnicki Marek
Published: June 2023

Polish maritime areas - both those forming part of the territory of the Republic of Poland and those located outside it - are covered by appropriate state jurisdiction ensuring that Polish interests in these waters are taken care of. The subject-matter diversity of legally protected values requires systemic action by competent entities. The security of Polish maritime areas in military (defence) as well as non-military (protection) terms at the national level is guaranteed by the naval forces of the Republic of Poland. The aim of this article is to present the role of the Maritime Border Guard Regional Unit (MOSG) - against the background of systemic solutions and existing threats - in counteracting non-military emergency situations in Polish maritime areas. As a result of the conducted research it should be assumed that the scope of statutory tasks and powers in combination with the personnel and equipment potential of the MOSG makes this unit of the Border Guard the main non-military component of the maritime forces of the Republic of Poland.
Organisation and activities of the criminal police in the interwar period. Selected aspects
Authors: Żurek Konrad
Published: June 2023

The interwar period was a difficult one for the Polish state authorities. In parallel with the reconstruction of the Polish state and national identity, the foundations of Polish law were being laid. In a short interval, many significant organisational changes were taking place, which also included the State Police. During this period, the administrative apparatus in Poland was considerably streamlined, and efforts were also made to build its own model of internal organisation of the state. Between 1919 and 1939, the structures of the State Police were reorganised several times. Social, religious and nationality problems or cultural differences in the newly established statehood were among the indirect causes of crime. Accordingly, among other things, a criminal police force was established to combat it. The purpose of this article is to discuss its organisation and activities in the interwar period and to give the most important legal changes that took place for this formation. The author formulated the following research hypothesis: the reorganisation of the structures of the State Police was fundamental in terms of the organisation and activities of the criminal police. In the analysis, the dogmatic-legal method was used and, due to the time scope, also the historical-legal method.
Analysis on Validity and Academic Competency of Mock Test for Korean Medicine National Licensing Examination Using Item Response Theory
Authors: Chae Han , Cho Eunbyul , Kim SeonKyoung , Choi DaHye , Lee Seul
Published: June 2023

The national licensing examination is used to evaluate the medical competency at the time of graduation, however no study has been performed on the validity of traditional Korean medicine license examination yet. The purpose of this study was to develop learning analytics using item response theory (IRT) to examine the validity and academic competency of the mock test of the national licensing exam. Classical test theory and IRT were used to evaluate the validity of test items, and IRT was used for test validity and competency analysis. The correlation between competency score of 12 subjects was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation. The distribution of students’ latent competencies was examined by gender and administrative group using a Kernel density map, Latent Profile Analysis, and χ2. The guessing parameter of 340 items was relatively high, and the information level of 12 subjects were relatively low. Significant correlations (r = 0.49–0.83, p < 0.05) were observed between the competency scores of total and 12 subjects. Two (high and low) latent academic competency groups were identified based on the competency score of 12 subjects. The low academic competency group requiring intensive management has a significantly higher frequency of male students with the experience of academic fail in the seven-year course. This study presented the quantitative learning analytics for the national licensing exam of traditional Korean medicine. The multifaceted item and test validities of the mock license test were provided, and an evidence-based approach to competency-based student management and national licensing exam of traditional Korean medicine was suggested.
Deprem ve Yaşlılık: Psikososyal Bir Bakış
Authors: ŞEVİK Ali Emre
Published: June 2023

Depremler, günümüzde dünya çapında en çok ölüme, ciddi yaralanmaya ve uzuv kaybına neden olan doğal afetlerdir. Etkileri toplumlar için yüksek ekonomik kayıplara ve maliyetlere neden olan, kaçınılmaz, zamansız, yıkıcı etkileri olan en önemli doğa olaylarından biri olarak insanlığı ve farklı coğrafyalardaki birçok toplumu medeniyet tarihi boyunca derinden etkilemiş ve etkilemeye devam etmektedir. Geçmişte yaşanan depremlerin tarihsel etkilerinin izlerinin halen görülebildiği ülkemiz, yakın gelecekte yeni bir deprem olgusuyla yeniden yüzleşmek zorunda kalmıştır. Deprem nedeniy-le travmalar yaşamaya devam eden toplumumuz gelecekte de depremle birlikte yaşamayı öğren-mek zorundadır. Deprem, başta deprem bölgesindeki bireyleri olmak üzere toplumun hemen he-men tamamını olumsuz etkilemekle birlikte, yol açtığı sosyo-ekonomik sorunlar ve ruh sağlığı sorunlarıyla özellikle savunmasız bireyleri, öncelikle de engelliler, çocuklar ve yaşlılar gibi toplum gruplarını daha şiddetli ve olumsuz etkiler. Toplumun bu kırılgan grupları, toplumun geneli gibi sosyal sınıf, meslek, etnik köken, cinsiyet, engellilik, sağlık durumu, yaş ve göçmenlik durumu gibi değişkenlere bağlı olarak doğal afetlerden farklı düzeylerde etkilenir. Toplumların küresel ölçekte dönüşen demografik yapısının kaçınılmaz sonucu olarak, nüfusun giderek artan bir bölümünü oluşturan yaşlı yetişkinler doğal afetlerin ani ve beklenmeyen etkilerine karşı en savunmasız grup-lar arasında yer almaktadırlar. Yaşlı nüfusun hızla arttığı ülkemizde, yaşlı popülasyonun depreme bağlı ruh sağlığı sorunlarının da ayrıcalıklı bir şekilde ele alınması güncel bir zorunluluktur. Bu bakış açısıyla, çalışmamızda bir doğa olayı olarak depremin insan yaşamı üzerindeki etkileri kısaca ele alınacak, yaşlılığın genel özelliklerine değinilecek, sonrasında depremin kırılgan toplum grupla-rından biri olan yaşlı bireyler üzerinde yol açabileceği psiko-sosyal sorunlara odaklanılarak ve yaşlıların bu sorunları deneyimlememelerine yönelik önerilerde bulunulacaktır.
Optimization of Reliquefaction System on Gas Carrier to Maintain The Condition and Temperature of Cargo Tank
Authors: Suprapti Fitri , Susanto Susanto , Hendrawan Deri , Anggoro Retno
Published: June 2023

Transport of liquefied hydrocarbon gases and their derivatives (methane, ethane, propane, butane, ethylene, propylene and other liquefied gases) is done using gas carrier tankers. Large gas carriers are equipped with re-liquefaction system to handle cargo during the process of loading, voyaging, and unloading. A reliquefaction system is installed on gas carriers to handle the Boil off-gas (BOG) problem. Operation constraints Reliquefaction system operating the reliquefaction system include the compound characteristics, liquefaction unit operating conditions, and system performance. These issues also hinder the BOG liquefaction process. This research sought to investigate the whole operation process of the system. This case study was conducted by observing the objects directly on the MT. Chinagas Legend vessel whose main cargoes are LPG. In case studies, research is carried out by studying the phenomenon of case problems that occur directly on the object. The identified problems and its resolutions could add valueable information to science. The research results revealed that MT. Chinagas Legend had a reliquefaction system with 2-stage or 3-stage options. The former type was used for butane (C4H10) cargoes and the latter was used for propane (C3H8) cargoes. The common problem in the process of reliquefaction systems was the presence of contaminants carried with seawater and clogging the filters. A leak in the intake or discharge valve slowed down the reliquefaction process and rendered it ineffective. The problems can be overcome through periodic routine inspections on components that are directly in contact with sea water, such as sea water filters.
Biomimetic Synthesis of Nanoparticles: State-of-the-Art
Authors: Abbasi Tabassum , Abbasi S. A. , Rajalakshmi R. , Patnaik Pratiksha , Abbasi Tasneem
Published: June 2023

A state-of-the-art review of biomimetic nanoparticle synthesis is presented. The technique’s origin has been traced to the studies, started over 150 years ago, on the hyperaccumulation of certain metals by different species of plants. How the initial intracellular method of nanoparticle synthesis evolved into the now widely used extracellular route has been described. The review then covers the gist of all the studies reported on the biomimetic synthesis of nanoparticles of different metals using extracts of different botanical species (plants). The synthesis mechanism is discussed, and the factors influencing the nanoparticles’ extent, shapes, and sizes are identified.
Investigating the Implications of Transit-Oriented Land Use Development for a Potential Node in an Urban Metro for Sustainability
Authors: P. Sobha , Jose J. Prakash Arul
Published: June 2023

Urbanization is intrinsically connected to economic progress. India’s rapid economic and population growth has increased its carbon footprint and traffic congestion. A long-term strategy is essential to preserve the balance and alleviate the issues arising from the expansion. Integrating land use and transportation planning has been acknowledged as a means to achieve sustainable urban development worldwide. Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is one such strategy. TOD is a planning and design strategy for promoting urban development by clustering jobs, housing, services, and amenities around public transport stations. This strategy can help achieve sustainable communities and improve the quality of life. This research paper assessed the land use characteristics of an urban fringe area in Trivandrum city and completed a land suitability analysis using GIS software tools. A potential node for re-development was identified by looking at various traffic, demographic, and land use parameters. Detailed TOD recommendations for the area surrounding the transit node were proposed based on its development potential.
Environmental Efficiency Evaluation in Vietnam Textile and Garment Industry: Super-SBM Model with Undesirable Output Approach
Authors: Lan Phung Mai , Minh Nguyen Khac
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the paper is to estimate the environmental efficiency of the Vietnamese textile and garment industry and evaluate the impact of the factors on environmental efficiency. The study uses firm-level panel data from the Vietnam annual enterprise survey data for the 2012–2018 period in the Vietnam textile and garment industry to evaluate the environmental efficiency by using the Super-SBM DEA model with undesirable output and applies the Tobit regression model to measure the impact of the factors on the environmental efficiency. This study evaluates environmental efficiency and assesses the impact of some core factors, including the origin of imported machinery and equipment, the origin of imported materials, the management of industrial zones, and the presence of FDI firms, on environmental efficiency at the firm level. The results indicate that the average score for environmental efficiency is 0.233. Some factors, such as income per employee, machined goods imported from developed countries, industrial zones, firm improvement processes, and the presence of FDI, have a positive impact on a firm’s environmental efficiency, whereas materials made in Vietnam have a negative impact.
Protection of the Environment Under Trade and Investment Agreements: An Analysis Based on Existing Legal Frameworks
Authors: Khuda (Babu) Kudrat-E , Ananna Nazia Afroz , Chakraborty Arghyadeep
Published: June 2023

Free trade causes damage to the environment substantially as it puts pressure on natural resources in its venture to expand economic activities. On the other hand, there is also an argument that free trade has the potential to improve environmental quality by contributing to growth. Such growth enhancement may help individuals, organizations, or governments raise funds and spend more on environmental protection. This paper highlights the links between trade and the environment. Besides, it also shows how international trade and environmental protection are both essential to the well-being of humanity and, conversely, how they are mutually supportive. This paper also scrutinizes how the WTO plays a role in balancing trade and the environment, as many WTO agreements have environmental exceptions.
Types and Distribution of Macroinvertebrates Stressed by Heavy Metals in Mangrove Forests
Authors: Budijastuti W. , Ambarwati R. , Ducha N. , Rachmadiarti F. , Lisdiana L. , Sahani K.
Published: June 2023

Heavy metals can decrease the number of species in nature. This research aims to determine the relationship between the type of macroinvertebrates stressed by heavy metals in the Wonorejo Mangrove Area, Surabaya, East Java. This type of research is observational. The determination of stations was done using the purposive random sampling method. Tests for Pb and Cd content were carried out using the AAS method. Nutrient content testing was carried out using the AAS and Kjeldahl methods. Data analysis was presented descriptively, and multivariate analysis was done using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Based on the present research, it can be concluded that there are variations in the type and distribution of macroinvertebrates stressed by heavy metals in the mangrove area of Surabaya. Station 1 is dominated by Ocypode ryderi, Station 2 by Assiminea sp., Station 3 by Scylla paramamosain, and Station 4 by Cerithidea sp. with the high presence of metals (Cd, Pb), and soil and water nutrients (Org-C, N) at Stations 1, 3, and 4. The Station 2 has only Pb. Assiminea sp. (Phylum Mollusca) can be the best candidate for metal bioindicators because it appears in all locations where soil and water have been contaminated with Pb and Cd metals without affecting their life.
МОДЕЛЬ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ДИФЕРЕНЦІЙОВАНОГО КОНТРОЛЮ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ДОСЯГНЕНЬ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Upatova Iryna
Published: June 2023

Стаття присвячена проблемі реалізації диференційованого контролю здобувачів у закладах загальної середньої освіти, що розуміється як складник загальнодидактичної системи освітнього процесу й забезпечує його ефективність для різних груп учнів шляхом організації їх пізнавальної діяльності, ураховуючи індивідуальні відмінності, прийоми й методи навчання, відповідні певним особливостям учнів та організовуючи розробку спеціальних навчальних завдань для кожної з визначених типологічних груп. Доведено, що диференційовані завдання дають змогу застосовувати учням найбільш доцільні прийоми розумової діяльності; узагальнювати й систематизувати знання; здійснювати самодіагностику складності навчального матеріалу, а вчителю – діагностувати рівень навченості здобувачів; здійснювати корекцію їх знань; стимулювати інтерес до матеріалу, що вивчається, організовувати само- та взаємоперевірку, само- та взаємооцінку. Теоретично обґрунтовано та експериментально досліджено практичну реалізацію моделі диференційованого контролю навчальних досягнень здобувачів загальної середньої освіти та технологію використання різнорівневих завдань у робочих зошитах із друкованою основою, зокрема під час організації контрольно-узагальнювальних уроків-ігор. Установлено, що умовами успішного застосування різнорівневих завдань у робочих зошитах із друкованою основою, а також під час організації контрольно-узагальнювальних уроків-ігор є: дотримання з боку вчителя педагогічного такту; раціональна організація роботи учнів на заняттях; підвищення рівня працездатності шляхом заповнення прогалин у знаннях учнів та виховання впевненості в своїх здібностях; самостійний 312 вибір учнями навчальних завдань певного ступеня складності; поступовість розв’язання учнями завдань репродуктивного, реконструктивного, творчого рівнів.
THEORETICAL SUBSTANTIATED OF THE PEDAGOGICAL SYSTEM MODEL FOR FORMING THE PROFESSIONAL READINESS OF FUTURE TEACHERS TO USE CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS © Khmil N.
Authors: Khmil Nataliia
Published: June 2023

The article specifies the concepts of «system», «pedagogical system», «model». Based on methodical approaches (systemic, synergistic, person-oriented, activity, competence, informational and environmental) a theoretical substantiation of the pedagogical system model for forming the professional readiness of future teachers to use cloud technologies in the educational process. Its structural components are characterized as target (goal, tasks, methodological approaches, and principles), substantive (learning content, areas of work for adequate preparation of future teachers for the use of cloud technologies in the educational process), technological (forms, methods, teaching tools, phasing formation of professional readiness), subject-object (subject - teachers of higher education institutions, object - students of higher education, their interaction, subject-subject relations) and environmental (cloud-oriented educational an information environment for training future teachers to use cloud technologies in the educational process). It was determined the professional training of future teachers for using cloud technologies in the educational process has five components: social-humanitarian, psychological-pedagogical, information-technological, systematic, and practical. And a special environment should implement a relationship of four components: program-methodical, communication-control, result-corrective, and technological. The proposed model of future teacher training has been improved following the requirements of the information society and the needs of general secondary education institutions in highly qualified teachers with a formed readiness to use modern ICT in the educational process, in particular cloud-based. The author assures that under such a system, it is possible to ensure the implementation of innovative approaches to the digitalization of the educational process of secondary education institutions. On the other hand, to provide a competence-oriented process of training future teachers.
Geodiversidade paisagística para o geoturismo: Mapeamento quantitativo indireto da geodiverdidade
Authors: Gonçalves Sabrina Elis Cândido , Alvim Ana Márcia Moreira , Carvalho Paulo Fernando Braga
Published: June 2023

O geoturismo é uma atividade turística que visa disponibilizar a geodiversidade como principal atrativo turístico utilizando-se de elementos geológicos e geomorfológicos para fins recreativos e de lazer. Esta atividade vem ganhando notoriedade no planejamento regional por promover dinamismo econômico, desenvolvimento sustentável e geoconservação. Dessa forma, tem-se com este artigo apresentar uma proposta metodológica inspirada em Xavier da Silva et al. (2001), para mapeamento da geodiversidade em regiões intermediárias ou imediatas brasileiras, com o propósito de subsidiar gestores públicos a pensarem na organização regional do geoturismo. A pesquisa pautou-se em estudos precedentesem que estudiosos diversos procuraramtambém realizar omapeamento da geodiversidade. Conclui-se que o método proposto é adequado, uma vez que, é possível aliar métodos científicos próprios da Geografia ao planejamento regional, resultando em estratégias eficazes para o desenvolvimento de uma região.
Valoración de estrategias competitivas, acuerdos colaborativos y penalizaciones con Opciones Reales Multinomiales y Teoría de Juegos
Authors: Milanesi Gastón Silverio
Published: June 2023

El diseño y elección de estrategias en entornos competitivos requiere considerar tres posibles fuentes de incertidumbre: riesgos derivados de las acciones propias, riesgos emergentes de estados de la naturaleza y riesgos derivados de las decisiones de competidores. La Teoría de Opciones Reales analiza los dos primeros riesgos, pero no incorpora la incertidumbre derivada de las acciones de los competidores. Para ello, la Teoría de Juegos debe sumarse al modelo. Se desarrolla un modelo numérico de Teoría de Juego y Opciones Reales Multinomiales, para valorar estrategias competitivas secuenciales de iniciativa (preemption) y acuerdos estratégicos (join venture). Además, para los acuerdos es desarrollado un modelo de cálculo de penalizaciones, una herramienta analítica para calcular resarcimientos monetarios ante incumplimiento contractual. Las estrategias puras y mixtas son seleccionadas con equilibrios de Nash y valoradas con opciones reales multinomiales. El marco teórico expone el modelo binomial y el multinomial para evaluar riesgo tecnológico y de mercado no correlacionado. También, son desarrollados los elementos básicos de la Teoría de Juegos y sus formas de resolución. A continuación, utilizando la metodología de casos, el modelo es aplicado para valorar casos de estrategias de iniciativa y acuerdo. Los resultados obtenidos son presentados en forma extensiva y matricial. Finalmente, se expone la valoración de multas para inducir las conductas cooperativas y cumplimiento de acuerdos.
A multilevel approach to understanding the relationship between entrepreneurship and the urban environment
Authors: Aristizábal Juan , Tarapuez Edwin , Hidalgo Mario
Published: June 2023

This document explores the relationship between the structure of cities and entrepreneurial intention EI, supporting empirical evidence of the incidence of exogenous regional factors on business activities. From a sample of Master Business Administration (MBA) students in fourteen cities in Colombia, EI is studied in an urban setting using a two-level binary logistic regression with random intercepts. The purpose of this document is to show empirical evidence for Colombia of the influence of the urban structure on entrepreneurial intention EI, disaggregating hard and soft factors and controlling the initial endowments of a sample of MBA students. At the individual level, EI is driven by gender, age and the presence of family entrepreneurs. In relation to the educational level of the fathers, the EI of the students is not being influenced by the academic training of the mothers. In the same way, our results suggest that the approximate urban structure of cities through hard and soft amenities stimulates EI in MBA students. Our results suppose systematic evidence in order to adapt the business ecosystem to the form and urban conditions of the main cities in Colombia.
Exploring methods of measuring and collecting data relating to imported food production standards
Authors:   RSK ADAS Ltd
Published: June 2023

As global trade markets have expanded, there has been an increasing volume of agricultural commodities and food products imported to, and exported from, the United Kingdom (UK). In response to these market and political changes, standards for imported foods are being implemented to control the trade of goods and services. Alongside the development and implementation of standards for imported foods, there has been a growing public desire to understand where the food we eat comes from, and increasingly, to understand not just the safety of food, but the inter-country variation in the sustainability of food production practices. For example, is a product sourced from one country comparable to another country in terms of animal welfare, environmental sustainability (for example, greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, biodiversity etc.) and nutritional composition. To inform future research needs, the Food Standards Agency required a detailed understanding of the current data and literature landscape regarding imported food standards, with a particular focus on data availability around three themes: animal welfare, environmental sustainability, and nutritional composition. Data on food safety was not considered as part of the review as this has been well documented in previous research by the Food Standards Agency. To achieve the research needs, a review was undertaken to explore and assess measurable metrics, which could be used to measure and monitor the consistency or differences of imported food production standards across the three themes. The assessment of each theme was coupled with parameters relevant to imported food products consumed in the UK. In addition, the research aimed to inform data gaps and requirements. The information outlined in this report provides an independent assessment of how the three themes are currently considered within international imported food standards and trade agreements. The outputs will inform the Food Standard Agency’s 2023 Annual Review of Food Standards across the UK.
Evaluation of a Hydroxyethylstarch Solution for Dimethyl Sulfoxide Removal from Mobilized Peripheral Blood using an Automated System
Authors: MORAIS CARLA , Dias Juliana , Baiense Luciglei , Vieira Pedro , Paraguassú-Braga Flávio , Bouzas Luis Fernando
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives: This study evaluates the efficacy of synthetic colloid hydroxyethyl starch for use as a washing solution to remove DMSO from hematopoietic stem cells cryopreserved grafts in comparison to a crystalloid based solution. 

Materials and methods: We evaluated samples of cryopreserved mobilized peripheral blood (MPB) from 6 (six) patients that had not been used for transplant. For comparison, we used two equal bags of the same collection procedure, allowing the analysis of two different solutions simultaneously. Washing solutions were used: a crystalloid solution (solution 1, sodium chloride 0.9%) and a colloidal solution (solution 2, hydroxyethyl starch 6%), both added with human albumin 2.5%. The washes were performed using the SEPAX2™ (Biosafe) system automated methodology, using the CS-600.1 kit (Biosafe), according to the washing protocol established by the manufacturer. 

Results: The washing solution containing HES showed a statistically significant increase in the recovery of CNT and CD34+/CD45+ cells (p = 0.0313, both), in addition to a greater number of CFU-GM colonies (without statistical significance) when compared to the 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Furthermore, the wash solution containing HES also prevented significant clumping, contrary to what was observed in the wash with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. 

Conclusion: This work shows that the colloidal washing solution containing hydroxyethyl starch is a good option for DMSO removal procedures in samples of cryopreserved mobilized peripheral blood, maintaining the CD34+ cells viability and functionality and reducing the cell clumping.