bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political Peace — Educational War: The Role Played by International Organisations in Negotiating Peace in the Balkans and its Consequences for Education
Authors: Owen-Jackson Gwyneth
Published: April 2008

The number of countries involved in conflict appears to be growing. Global awareness of these conflicts grows as the increasing use of weblogs and mobile phone videos, alongside traditional technologies, demonstrates the day-to-day effects of conflict on those caught up in it. International organisations are drawn into negotiating ‘peace settlements’ and into monitoring post-conflict developments due to this growing global awareness of conflict and due to the influences of globalisation, increasing economic interdependence and other factors. International organisations, including the World Bank and agencies of the United Nations, try to find common ground between opposing factions in conflict situations in order to broker peace. This is not an easy task and compromises often have to be made. Peace agreements and settlements also need to take account of how the parties will work together in the future, and therefore, these may include aspects of educational provision. This article describes the role played by international organisations in negotiating the peace agreement that brought about the end of the conflict in the countries of the former Yugoslavia in 1995. It goes on to illustrate the consequences for education of this peace agreement and suggests that, whilst international organisations may have brokered peace on the streets, the opposing factions are continuing their war in the terrain of continuing educational conflicts, due at least in part to structures for educational provision laid out in the Dayton Agreement. The article provides support for Bush & Saltarelli's claim that education has two faces, and argues that in this case, unfortunately, the negative one predominates.
Differentiation, Development, (Dis)Integration: Education in Nepal's ‘People's War’
Authors: Shields Robin , Rappleye Jeremy
Published: April 2008

A violent conflict between Maoist insurgents and the national government has engulfed Nepal for most of the last decade, a situation that has been complicated by deep-seated instability at the highest levels of the government itself. Even with the declaration of a ceasefire in 2006, violence endures in pockets of lawless banditry and unrest at the hands of separatist groups. During the conflict, education and schools played a central role, with issues such as the neglect of rural schools, the right to mother tongue education, and the expansion of private schooling figuring prominently in the Maoists' list of grievances. Both sides used intimidation and violence to gain support from rural schools, which acted as one of the lone advocates of community interests during the upheaval. This article argues that throughout the conflict formal education in Nepal has simultaneously presented many faces: on one hand it contributed to the conflict by reinforcing social inequalities while on the other it mitigated the effects of the conflict by maintaining social cohesion and mediating between opposing sides. In other cases it seemingly did both at once: acting as an egalitarian force by expanding basic education and literacy at an astounding rate while simultaneously excluding certain groups from sharing the benefits of the country's development. Building upon the work of Bush & Salterelli, the article shows that in the case of Nepal education presents not two but many faces that are highly contextual and remain relevant in the post-conflict environment.
RAGE and Modulation of Ischemic Injury in the Diabetic Myocardium
Authors: Bucciarelli Loredana G. , Ananthakrishnan Radha , Hwang Yuying C. , Kaneko Michiyo , Song Fei , Sell David R. , Strauch Christopher , Monnier Vincent M. , Yan Shi Fang , Schmidt Ann Marie , Ramasamy Ravichandran
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVE—Subjects with diabetes experience an increased risk of myocardial infarction and cardiac failure compared with nondiabetic age-matched individuals. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is upregulated in diabetic tissues. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that RAGE affected ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the diabetic myocardium. In diabetic rat hearts, expression of RAGE and its ligands was enhanced and localized particularly to both endothelial cells and mononuclear phagocytes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—To specifically dissect the impact of RAGE, homozygous RAGE-null mice and transgenic (Tg) mice expressing cytoplasmic domain-deleted RAGE (DN RAGE), in which RAGE-dependent signal transduction was deficient in endothelial cells or mononuclear phagocytes, were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin. Isolated perfused hearts were subjected to I/R.

RESULTS—Diabetic RAGE-null mice were significantly protected from the adverse impact of I/R injury in the heart, as indicated by decreased release of LDH and lower glycoxidation products carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and pentosidine, improved functional recovery, and increased ATP. In diabetic Tg mice expressing DN RAGE in endothelial cells or mononuclear phagocytes, markers of ischemic injury and CML were significantly reduced, and levels of ATP were increased in heart tissue compared with littermate diabetic controls. Furthermore, key markers of apoptosis, caspase-3 activity and cytochrome c release, were reduced in the hearts of diabetic RAGE-modified mice compared with wild-type diabetic littermates in I/R.

CONCLUSIONS—These findings demonstrate novel and key roles for RAGE in I/R injury in the diabetic heart.
Immunoglobulin-Like Transcript 3-Fc Suppresses T-Cell Responses to Allogeneic Human Islet Transplants in hu-NOD/SCID Mice
Authors: Vlad George , D'Agati Vivette D. , Zhang Qing-Yin , Liu Zhuoru , Ho Eric K. , Mohanakumar Thalachallour , Hardy Mark A. , Cortesini Raffaello , Suciu-Foca Nicole
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVE—The aim of our study was to explore the immunomodulatory activity of soluble immunoglobulin (Ig)-like transcript (ILT) 3-Fc in pancreatic islet transplantation and to determine its mechanism of action.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—NOD/SCID mice in which diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection were transplanted with human pancreatic islet cells. Mice in which the transplant restored euglycemia were humanized with allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells and treated with ILT3-Fc or control human IgG or left untreated. The blood glucose level was monitored twice a week, and rejection was diagnosed after two consecutive readings >350 mg/dl. Tolerated and rejected grafts were studied histologically and by immunostaining for human T-cells and insulin production. CD4 and CD8 T-cells from the spleen were studied for suppressor activity, expression of cytokines, and CD40L.

RESULTS—Although human T-cell engraftment was similar in all groups, ILT3-Fc–treated mice tolerated the islets for the entire period of observation (91 days), whereas control mice rejected the graft within 7 weeks (P < 0.0001). ILT3-Fc treatment suppressed the expression of cytokines and CD40L and induced the differentiation of human CD8+ T suppressor cells that inhibited Th alloreactivity against graft HLA antigens. T-cells allostimulated in vitro in the presence of ILT3-Fc inhibited CD40L-induced upregulation of CD40 in human pancreatic islet cells. Histochemical studies showed dramatic differences between human pancreatic islets from tolerant, ILT3-Fc–treated mice and control recipients rejecting the grafts.

CONCLUSIONS—The data indicated that ILT3-Fc is a potent immunoregulatory agent that suppressed islet allograft rejection in humanized NOD/SCID mice.
The Influence of Temperature of Three Adhesive Systems on Bonding to Ground Enamel
Authors: Alexandre R. S. , Sundfeld R. H. , Giannini M. , Lovadino J. R.
Published: April 2008

Clinical Relevance

The temperature of adhesive systems must be considered an important factor for the good clinical performance of bonding procedures.
SEM Evaluation of the Hybrid Layer After Cavity Preparation with Er:YAG Laser
Authors: Barceleiro M. O. , Dias K. R. H. C. , Sales H. X. , Silva B. C. , Barceleiro C. G.
Published: April 2008

Clinical Relevance

The thinner, irregular hybrid layer found when a cavity is prepared with the Er:YAG laser may have a negative effect on bonding.
Surface Treatments for Improving Bond Strength to Prefabricated Fiber Posts: A Literature Review
Authors: Monticelli F. , Osorio R. , Sadek F. T. , Radovic I. , Toledano M. , Ferrari M.
Published: April 2008

Clinical Relevance

Several surface treatments have been proposed for improving the bonding of resin cements or core materials to FRC (fiber-reinforced composite) posts. The possibility of combining chemical and micromechanical retention on post surface provides the most promising adhesion mechanism.
The Influence of Tip Geometry and Distance on Light-curing Efficacy
Authors: Corciolani G. , Vichi A. , Davidson C. L. , Ferrari M.
Published: April 2008

Clinical Relevance

Among the factors that significantly influence the depth of cure of resin composite restorations—the distance between the tip of the light source and the restorative material—as well as the geometry of the tip, are crucial parameters. Increasing the ratio between the entry and exit diameter of the tip will result in an improvement in the depth of cure for lower distances between the tip of the light source and the restorative material, while decreasing the ratio of the depth of cure, which will be higher for greater distances.
Applicability of equilibrium and kinetic models on the herbicide 4-chloro-2-methyl phenoxyacetic acid adsorption on bituminous shale
Authors: Ayar Nihat , Bilgin Binay , Atun Gülten
Published: April 2008

Adsorption characteristics of herbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) have been evaluated using bituminous shale (BS) as a model adsorbent-containing solid organic matter in a mineral matrix. The adsorption of MCPA on BS has been studied with varying concentration, temperature, pH and contact time, using batch technique. Adsorption ability of BS increases with increasing temperature and decreasing pH in the studied concentration range of (0.6–4.0) × 10−4 M. Theoretical curves calculated from Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R), Langmuir and Temkin isotherm equations show a two-step isotherm shape. The results could be explained by assuming the presence of two-type sites with different affinity on adsorbent surface. Adsorption process is endothermic and entropy controlled at the first stage, and exothermic and enthalpy controlled at the second stage. The mechanism proposed based on surface ionization and complexation model is consistent with the pH dependent experimental results. Kinetic data fit well to both Paterson’s and Nernst Planck model based on homogeneous solid phase diffusion (HSPD). The values of particle diffusion coefficients (D p ) predicted from both models are comparable each other and independent of temperature and concentration.
Effects of Schooling on Reading Performance, Reading Engagement, and Reading Activities of 15-Year-Olds in England
Authors: Luyten Hans , Peschar Jules , Coe Robert
Published: April 2008

This article reports the findings of an analysis into the effect of one year’s schooling for 15-year-olds in England on reading performance, reading engagement, and reading activities. The analyses were done on PISA 2000 data by applying a regression discontinuity approach within a multilevel framework. The effect of schooling is estimated as the difference between students from two consecutive grades minus the effect of age. A remarkably modest effect on reading performance was found, and no significant effects were found for the other two measures. The effect on reading performance was found to be somewhat stronger in schools with disadvantaged student populations.
Elution of Ti during solvent extraction of coal and the transformation of eluted Ti upon combustion
Authors: Zhang Lian , Takanohashi Toshimasa , Saito Ikuo , Wang Qunying , Ninomiya Yoshihiko
Published: April 2008

Solvent extraction of coal is an effective method for removing coal ash, thereby generating the ultraclean fuel that can be directly combusted in gas turbine. Due to their organic affinity, a few inorganic elements can be extracted as well. Ti in coal extract, its elution from raw coal as well as the transformation of eluted Ti during coal extract combustion, have been investigated. Two coals of the U.S. and their acid‐washed samples were extracted under 1 MPa N2 (cold) at 360°C. The solvents used include nonpolar 1‐methynaphthalene and its mixtures with polar indole. The results indicate that, Ti in coal extracts is mainly composed of nanoparticles including TiO2 (anatase) and Ti associated with quartz. These particles are insoluble in any acids, having a fine dispersion into coal matrix. Upon coal fragmentation at 360°C, they could be librated, and, hence, traversed the filter for isolating coal extracts. The organo‐Ti was preferentially extracted as well, which is most likely in a form of Ti porphyrin or Ti chelated with phenol‐oxygen. These findings also have implications for revealing the modes of occurrence of Ti in the raw coals. Combustion of coal extract at 1,000°C resulted in the formation of nanometric TiO2 polymorphs and much complex compound like FeZnTiO4. The former species could be mainly formed by the phase change of TiO2 (anatase) at high‐temperatures, while formation of the latter one could involve the capture of metallic vapors like Zn on TiO2 polymorphs. The resultant nanoparticles may escape the conventional pollution control devices, causing environmental concern. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Live birth prevalence of Down syndrome in Tottori, Japan, 1980–1999
Authors: Takeuchi Ariko , Ehara Hiroaki , Ohtani Kyoichi , Maegaki Yoshihiro , Nanba Yukiko , Nagata Ikuo , Toyoshima Mitsuo , Kondo Akiko , Nakai Shoji , Takeshita Kenzo , Ohno Kousaku
Published: April 2008

One hundred sixty‐four patients with Down syndrome (DS) were confirmed in Tottori Prefecture, Japan, from 1980 to 1999. The sex ratio of 1.52 (99 males and 65 females) was comparable to that reported in previous studies. The live birth prevalence per 1,000 was 1.52 (95% CI: 1.29–1.75) from 1980 to 1999, with a prevalence of 1.34 (95% CI: 1.05–1.63) recorded between 1980 and 1989, and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.37–2.11) between 1990 and 1999. There was no statistically significant change between these two decades (χ2‐test). Live birth prevalence in these two decades showed a significant increase (χ2‐test, P < 0.005) compared with that recorded in 1969–1978 in Tottori Prefecture (0.803, 95% CI: 0.677–0.929). Mean ages of mothers at the birth of a DS patient were 31.0 years in 1980–1989 and 32.4 years in 1990–1999 (t‐test, no significant difference). Dispersion analysis on the mean age of mothers at birth for patients born between 1969–1978, 1980–1989, and 1990–1999 showed a significant difference (t‐test, P < 0.005), while comparing the mean age of mothers in 1969–1978 to those in 1990–1999 also revealed a significant difference (t‐test, P < 0.001). Live birth prevalence has increased due to the rise in fertility rates among older women, although maternal age‐specific risk rates remain unchanged. The widespread introduction of induced abortion following prenatal diagnosis decreased live birth prevalence of DS largely in European (and a few Asian) countries after 1990, or kept prevalence steady, despite increasing fertility rates among women aged 30 and over. In contrast, all published studies have reported an increase in live birth prevalence of this syndrome in Japan, probably resulting from the fact that prenatal diagnoses are used only exceptionally in this country (due to the negative attitude toward selection of life in Japanese culture). © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atypical XX male with the SRY gene located at the long arm of chromosome 1 and a 1qter microdeletion
Authors: Queralt Rosa , Madrigal Irene , Vallecillos M. Angeles , Morales Carme , Ballescá José‐Luis , Oliva Rafael , Soler Anna , Sánchez Aurora , Margarit Ester
Published: April 2008

Male individuals with a 46,XX karyotype have been designated as XX males. In 80% of the cases, the presence of Yp sequences, including the male sex‐determining gene, SRY, has been demonstrated by molecular and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses. In most cases, Yp sequences are located on the short arm of the X chromosome, resulting from unequal recombination between Yp and Xp during paternal meiosis. Much less frequent in XX males is the localization of the SRY gene to an autosome. Here we report on the genetic investigation of an atypical XX male in which the SRY gene was located at the end of the long arm of chromosome 1. The patient, with a normal male phenotype, was referred for azoospermia. Conventional cytogenetic analysis showed a 46,XX karyotype. Molecular‐cytogenetics (FISH) and molecular (PCR and MLPA) studies identified not only Yp‐specific sequences located on the distal long arm of chromosome 1 but also the deletion of the subtelomeric 1qter region. A specific phenotype has been reported for a deletion of the 1qter region associated with mental retardation. The molecular investigation of the 1qter region showed that in our patient the microdeletion is more telomeric than in patients reported with mental retardation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a XX male with the Yp region transferred to the terminal long arm of chromosome 1. This is also the first microdeletion of the subtelomeric 1qter region not associated with mental retardation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recent advances in the neurobiology of anxiety disorders: Implications for novel therapeutics
Authors: Mathew Sanjay J. , Price Rebecca B. , Charney Dennis S.
Published: April 2008

Anxiety disorders are a highly prevalent and disabling class of psychiatric disorders. This review focuses on new directions in neurobiological research and implications for the development of novel psychopharmacological treatments. Neuroanatomical and neuroimaging research in anxiety disorders has centered on the role of the amygdala, reciprocal connections between the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex, and, most recently, alterations in interoceptive processing by the anterior insula. Anxiety disorders are characterized by alterations in a diverse range of neurochemical systems, suggesting ample novel targets for drug therapies. Corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) concentrations are elevated in a subset of anxiety disorders, which suggests the potential utility of CRF receptor antagonists. Pharmacological blockade of the memory‐enhancing effects of stress hormones such as glucocorticoids and noradrenaline holds promise as a preventative approach for trauma‐related anxiety. The glutamatergic system has been largely overlooked as a potential pharmacological target, although convergent preclinical, neuroimaging, and early clinical findings suggest that glutamate receptor antagonists may have potent anxiolytic effects. Glutamatergic receptor agonists (e.g., D‐cycloserine) also have an emerging role in the treatment of anxiety as facilitators of fear extinction during concurrent behavioral interventions. The neuropeptides substance P, neuropeptide Y, oxytocin, orexin, and galanin are each implicated in anxiety pathways, and neuropeptide analogs or antagonists show early promise as anxiolytics in preclinical and/or clinical research. Each of these active areas of research holds promise for expanding and improving evidence‐based treatment options for individuals suffering with clinical anxiety. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of 1‐n‐tetradecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide on the properties of polypropylene
Authors: Ding Yunsheng , Tang Haiou , Zhang Xiaomin , Wu Shuying , Xiong Renyan
Published: April 2008

In this study, 1‐n‐tetradecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide ([C14mim]Br), one kind of imidazolium ionic liquids (imi‐IL), was incorporated into polypropylene (PP) via melting blend. The structure and properties of PP/[C14mim]Br blend were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). DSC results show that the [C14mim]Br has effects on the melting and crystallization process so that PP and PP/[C14mim]Br blends (weight ratio is 100/3) have different melting and crystallization temperature. Results of DMA show that the [C14mim]Br has the effects on the plasticization and crystallization of PP, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PP decreases around 11°C when 3 weight shares of [C14mim]Br were incorporated into 100 weight shares of PP. Moreover, both tensile strength and impact strength of PP have been improved reasonably in this situation. TGA also shows the thermal stability of PP is not affected by the [C14mim]Br, which was incorporated into it though its molecule is small. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Cure‐reaction kinetics of amine‐blocked polyisocyanates with alcohol using hot‐stage Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Sankar Govindarajan , Nasar A. Sultan
Published: April 2008

Cure reaction between a series of N‐methylaniline‐blocked polyisocyanates, based on 4,4′‐methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate), poly(tetrahydrofuran) and several substituted N‐methylanilines, and n‐decanol has been studied. The solid‐state isothermal cure reaction was carried out using hot‐stage FTIR spectroscopy, in the temperature range of 125–145°C. The urea carbonyl absorption band of blocked polyisocyanate moiety was used to monitor the conversion of blocked polyisocyanate into polyurethane. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were calculated using normalized conversion curves. The overall order of cure reaction, for each of the blocked polyisocyanates was found to be first order. Based on the results of kinetics and reaction conditions used in this study, the elimination‐addition (SN1) mechanism was suggested for the cure reaction between N‐methylaniline‐blocked polyisocyanates and n‐decanol. The effect of substituents present in the blocking agents on the cure reaction of N‐methylaniline‐blocked polyisocyanates was investigated and found that the cure reaction of N‐methylaniline‐blocked polyisocyanates was retarded by electron‐donating substituents and facilitated by electron withdrawing substituents. The observed high negative entropy of activation value supports the formation of a four‐centered, intramolecularly hydrogen‐bonded ring structure during transition state of the cure reaction. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Comparative analysis of desizability and retrogradation behavior of various sizing materials
Authors: Behera B. K. , Gupta R.
Published: April 2008

The advent of high‐speed shuttleless looms has increased the importance of sizing. Starch has been the most popular and economic size material. Synthetic binders are also being blended with starch to improve weaving loom efficiency. Some synthetic size materials have restrictions in use mainly because of ecological reasons. In the recent years, many modifications have come up in the starch as a sizing agent. Different modifications can give different properties, which can suit to particular application. In this study, different varieties of natural starch, modified starch, and synthetic size materials are evaluated, and properties like retrogradation and desizability were studied to investigate their potential for modern weaving conditions. Comparison is made between various materials and it is observed that paste characteristics and film properties of certain modified starches are better than the natural starch. The experiment was also designed to check the properties of blend constitution. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
The research of preparation of polyvinyl acetate with lower polydispersity index
Authors: Feng Haike , Jiang Long , Dan Yi
Published: April 2008

In this study, the way of preparing polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) with lower polydispersity index (PDI) was studied. By adding small amount of monomer with polar group, such as acrylic acid (AA), α‐methacrylic acid (MAA), or acrylamide (AM), as modulation monomer, the polymerization was carried out at 65°C with a mechanical agitator using AIBN as initiator under N2 atmosphere. Effects of the mol ratio of modulation monomer/VAc and structure of the modulation monomer on the polymerization conversion, the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the obtained polymers were investigated through 1H NMR, gravity method, and gel permeation chromatography. The results show that by adding modulation monomer into the reactive system the PVAc with lower PDI could be got. With the increase of the modulation monomer amount, the conversion and the molecular weight decrease, and the PDI of the obtained polymer is lower. When the mol ratio of AA/VAc is 3 : 100, the PDI of the obtained polymer is 1.84. When the mol ratio of AM/VAc is 1 : 100, the PDI of the obtained polymer is 1.68, which is narrower than that without AM. All researches we have done laid a foundation for further study. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Archival ethics: The truth of the matter
Authors: Cox Richard J.
Published: April 2008

This essay explores the question of whether records professionals are as aware of the ethical dimensions of their work as they should be. It consider first the historical and professional context of archival ethics, then examines a recent case about business archives involving the author that suggests the need for renewed attention to professional ethics, and concludes with a discussion about how archivists might reconsider the ethical dimensions of their work.

The task of the philosopher is neither to belittle truth nor to exalt it, neither to deny it nor to defend it, but to explain why we need the concept and what it is to possess it. (Dummett, 2004, p. 116)
The principle of distribution
Authors: Reed G.M. , Sanders J.W.
Published: April 2008

This article introduces a normative principle for the behavior of contemporary computing and communication systems and considers some of its consequences. The principle, named the principle of distribution, says that in a distributed multi‐agent system, control resides as much as possible with the individuals constituting the system rather than in centralized agents; and when that is unfeasible or becomes inappropriate due to environmental changes, control evolves upwards from the individuals to an appropriate intermediate level rather than being imposed from above. The setting for the work is the dynamically changing global space resulting from ubiquitous communication. Accordingly, the article begins by determining the characteristics of the distributed multi‐agent space it spans. It then fleshes out the principle of distribution, with examples from daily life as well as from Computer Science. The case is made for the principle of distribution to work at various levels of abstraction of system behavior: to inform the high‐level discussion that ought to precede the more low‐level concerns of technology, protocols, and standardization, but also to facilitate those lower levels. Of the more substantial applications given here of the principle of distribution, a technical example concerns the design of secure ad hoc networks of mobile devices, achievable without any form of centralized authentication or identification but in a solely distributed manner. Here, the context is how the principle can be used to provide new and provably secure protocols for genuinely ubiquitous communication. A second, more managerial example concerns the distributed production and management of open‐source software, and a third investigates some pertinent questions involving the dynamic restructuring of control in distributed systems, important in times of disaster or malevolence.
Faserbewehrte Putze auf hochdämmenden Untergründen
Authors: Schrepfer Thomas
Published: April 2008

Die heute gebräuchlichen, hochdämmenden Außenwandkonstruktionen (z. B. WDVS, porosiertes Mauerwerk) führen zu einer erhöhten thermisch‐hygrischen Beanspruchung der Putzschicht. Eine Bewehrung der spröden Putzschicht zur dauerhaften Aufnahme der auftretenden Zug‐ und Biegezugspannungen ist zwingend erforderlich. Der nachstehende Beitrag beschreibt die Materialeigenschaften sowie die Verwendungsmöglichkeiten faserbewehrter Leichtputze. Bei Zugabe einer ausreichenden Menge hochfester Fasern wird aus der spröden Putzmatrix mit sehr geringen Zugbruchdehnungen ein “duktiler” Werkstoff mit einem elastisch‐plastischen Materialverhalten. Die thermisch‐hygrischen Einwirkungen auf die Putzoberfläche infolge der natürlichen Bewitterung führen zu großen Zwangsbeanspruchungen der Putzschicht. Großversuche mit künstlicher Bewitterung der Außenwandkonstruktion sowie FEM‐Berechnungen zeigen, dass nur überkritisch faserbewehrte Putze in der Lage sind, einen ausreichenden Witterungsschutz der Außenwand zu gewährleisten.
Wie könnte ein Bauingenieur einen Menschen bauen? Natürlich nur theoretisch.
Authors: Maerker Bernd
Published: April 2008

Der folgende Beitrag beschreibt keine wissenschaftliche Erkenntnis, sondern eine Hypothese. Sie kann falsch sein oder es ist etwas Richtiges daran, was sich aber im Moment nicht nachweisen lässt. Das kann aber ein Bauingenieur allein nicht nachweisen, ebenso wenig ein Mediziner, ein Biologe, ein Messtechniker oder ein Elektroniker. Aber alle zusammen können daran wirken, in Richtung der hier gestellten Fragen Antworten zu finden. Deswegen ist dieser Beitrag nicht das Ergebnis einer Arbeit, sondern eine Anregung zur Diskussion.
Effect of short‐range forces on the length distribution of fibrous cytoskeletal proteins
Authors: Popp David , Gov Nir S. , Iwasa Mitsusada , Maéda Yuichiro
Published: April 2008

The length distribution of cytoskeletal filaments is an important physical parameter, which can modulate physiological cell functions. In both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells various biological cytoskeletal polymers form supramolecular structures due to short‐range forces induced mainly by molecular crowding or cross linking proteins, but their in vivo length distribution remains difficult to measure. In general, based on experimental evidence and mathematical modeling of actin filaments in aqueous solutions, the steady state length distribution of fibrous proteins is believed to be exponential. We performed in vitro TIRF‐ and electron‐microscopy to demonstrate that in the presence of short‐range forces, which are an integral part of any living cell, the steady state length distributions of the eukaryotic cytoskeletal biopolymer actin, its prokaryotic homolog ParM and microtubule homolog FtsZ deviate from the classical exponential and are either double‐exponential or Gaussian, as recent theoretical modeling predicts. Double exponential or Gaussian distributions opposed to exponential can change for example the visco‐elastic properties of actin networks within the cell, influence cell motility by decreasing the amount of free ends at the leading edge of the cell or effect the assembly of FtsZ into the bacterial Z‐ring thus modulating membrane constriction. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 711–721, 2008.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Reversible derivatization to enhance enzymatic synthesis: Chemoenzymatic synthesis of doxorubicin‐14‐O‐esters
Authors: Cotterill Ian C. , Rich Joseph O. , Scholten Marc D. , Mozhaeva Lyudmila , Michels Peter C.
Published: April 2008

An efficient three‐step, chemoenzymatic synthesis of unprotected doxorubicin‐14‐O‐esters from doxorubicin hydrochloride salt is described. The key step is a lipase‐catalyzed regioselective transesterification/esterification using commercially available acyl donors and doxorubicin reversibly derivatized with N‐alloc to improve substrate loadings. The overall yield is ca. 60% and chromatographic purification is not required, thereby making the process more amenable to scale‐up. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;101: 435–440. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel catheter positioning technique for atretic pulmonary valve perforation
Authors: Asnes Jeremy D. , Fahey John T.
Published: April 2008

Percutaneous pulmonary valve perforation in selected neonates with pulmonary valve atresia and intact ventricular septum has been well established as a therapeutic option. Pulmonary valve perforation is associated with significant risks including perforation of the right ventricle. Optimal catheter positioning is crucial to the success of the procedure. This report describes a novel technique for accurate positioning of a guiding catheter during perforation of an atretic pulmonary valve. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term clinical outcomes of real‐world experience using sirolimus‐eluting stents in saphenous vein graft disease
Authors: Ramana Ravi K. , Ronan Adam , Cohoon Kevin , Homan David , Sutherland Jessica , Steen Lowell , Liu Jayson , Loeb Henry , Lewis Bruce E.
Published: April 2008

Objective: To evaluate the long‐term clinical outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for saphenous vein graft (SVG) disease. Specifically, we compared clinical endpoints of patients who received sirolimus‐eluting stents (SES) versus bare‐metal stents (BMS) for SVG disease. Background: A recent small randomized‐controlled trial (RCT) reported increased mortality with the use of SES in SVG disease. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients who underwent SES placement for a SVG lesion(s) at our institutions over a 4‐year period. The procedural and medical records were reviewed to identify predetermined clinical outcomes. Results: 318 patients who underwent SES placement for a SVG lesion were identified. 7 patients were lost to follow‐up. 141/311 patients (45%) received SES, while 170/311 (55%) received BMS. At a mean follow‐up of 34 months, there was a reduction in target lesion revascularization (TLR) (7% vs. 14%, P = 0.07) without an increased risk of mortality (6% vs. 12%, P = 0.06) in patients who received SES compared to patients who received BMS. When compared to the recent RCT's SES patients at long‐term follow‐up, our SES patients had significantly less mortality; rates of myocardial infarction, TLR, target vessel revascularization, and major adverse cardiac events; and were more likely to be taking dual antiplatelet and statin medications. Conclusion: Our results support that SES used in SVG lesions result in a reduction in TLR without an increased risk of mortality, and therefore may be an equally safe and feasible technique for revascularization with excellent long‐term clinical outcomes. These patients may benefit from prolonged dual antiplatelet and statin medication regimens. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of LnAg(WO4)(MoO4).
Authors: Fernandez‐Martinez F. , Colon C. , Montero J. L. , Atanes E. , Rivero C.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Potassium Gadolinium(III) ortho‐Thiophosphates(V): K3Gd3[PS4]4 and K9Gd[PS4]4.
Authors: Komm Theresa , Strobel Sabine , Schleid Thomas
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescence Properties of BaMg2Si2O7:Eu2+,Mn2+.
Authors: Aitasalo Tuomas , Hietikko Anita , Hreniak Dariusz , Hoelsae Jorma , Lastusaari Mika , Niittykoski Janne , Strek Wieslaw
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Fabrication Procedure of Y2SiO5:Ce and Its Structural and Spectroscopic Characterization.
Authors: Zych Eugeniusz , Zych Aleksander , Zhang Jian , Wang Shiwei
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoluminescent Layered Y/Er Silicates.
Authors: Kostova Mariya H. , Ananias Duarte , Carlos Luis D. , Rocha Joao
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure, 139La NMR and Transport Properties of the As‐Based Filled Skutterudites LaOs4As12 and PrOs4As12.
Authors: Henkie Z. , et al. et al.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrical and Magnetic Properties of LnOZnPn (Ln: Rare Earths; Pn: P, As, Sb).
Authors: Takano Yoshiki , Komatsuzaki Satoshi , Komasaki Hiroyuki , Watanabe Tadataka , Takahashi Yumiko , Takase Kouichi
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characteristics of Various Rare Earth Nitrides.
Authors: Imamura H. , Imahashi T. , Zaimi M. , Sakata Y.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Single Crystal Growth of Tb11O20.
Authors: Isota Shinya , Masui Toshiyuki , Tamura Shinji , Imanaka Nobuhito
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Alkaline‐Earth‐Substituted Tungstogermanate: [K2.5(H2O)1.5]2H3 [Ca2(GeW11O39) (H2O)5]2×7H2O.
Authors: Wang Jingping , Han Ruijuan , Du Xiaodi , Niu Jingyang
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether as Catalyst of an Asymmetric, Catalytic, and Direct Michael Reaction of Nitroalkanes with α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Gotoh Hiroaki , Ishikawa Hayato , Hayashi Yujiro
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: anti‐Markovnikov Hydroamination and Hydrothiolation of Electron‐Deficient Vinylarenes Catalyzed by Well‐Defined Monomeric Copper(I) Amido and Thiolate Complexes.
Authors: Munro‐Leighton Colleen , Delp Samuel A. , Alsop Nikki M. , Blue Elizabeth D. , Gunnoe T. Brent
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile, Practical, and Inexpensive Reagent, Pyridine‐3‐carboxylic Anhydride (3‐PCA), for Condensation Reactions.
Authors: Funasaka Setsuo , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium/Tetraphosphine Catalyzed Suzuki Cross‐Coupling of Heteroarylboronic Acids with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Kondolff Isabelle , Doucet Henri , Santelli Maurice
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chlorination/Cyclodehydration of Amino Alcohols with SOCl2: An Old Reaction Revisited.
Authors: Xu Feng , Simmons Bryon , Reamer Robert A. , Corley Edward , Murry Jerry , Tschaen David
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient, Solvent Free and High Yielding Synthesis of Bicyclo‐Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Sondhi Sham M. , Rani Reshma
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Oxidative Coupling of Thiols into Disulfides Using N‐tert‐Butyl‐N‐chlorocyanamide.
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Kaushik Mahabir Parshad
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of the Composite Material RuO2/BaTi4O9 as an Environmentally Benign Solid Catalyst for the Oxidative Cleavage of Olefins.
Authors: Okumoto Hiroshi , Ohtsuka Kazuhiro , Banjoya Shinji
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer‐Supported Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Ester: An Efficient Biomimetic Hydrogen Source.
Authors: He Rongjun , Toy Patrick H. , Lam Yulin
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyanosilylation of Carbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by Potassium L‐Aspartate.
Authors: George Soney C. , Kim Sung Soo , Kim Ho Sub
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Environmentally Friendly Organic Synthesis Using Bismuth Compounds: Bismuth(III) Iodide Catalyzed Deprotection of Acetals in Water.
Authors: Bailey Aaron D. , Baru Ashvin R. , Tasche Kendall K. , Mohan Ram S.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Method for the Preparation of Carbamates, Carbonates, and Thiocarbonates.
Authors: Shimizu Mamoru , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Generation of Ammonium Ylides with Subsequent [2,3]Sigmatropic Rearrangement. Efficient Synthesis of Bifunctional Homoallylamines.
Authors: Honda Kiyoshi , Shibuya Hiromasa , Yasui Hiroto , Hoshino Yujiro , Inoue Seiichi
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to the Synthesis of α‐Chlorocycloalkanones.
Authors: Li Xing Hai , Yang Xin Ling , Liang Xiao Mei , Kai Zhen Peng , Ling Yun , Chen Fu Heng , Wang Dao Quan
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Chemoselective Etherification of Phenols in Polyfunctional Aromatic Compounds.
Authors: Pandey Jyoti , Mishra Mridul , Bisht Surendra Singh , Sharma Anindra , Tripathi Rama P.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.