bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liability for Health Damage – Public vs Private Area
Authors: Horák Ondřej , Skoruša Leopold , Vičar Radim , Zbořil Tomáš
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the comparison of refunds of non-material damage in public and private area. In the public area is analyzed legal regulation on health injuries in service relations, in private area is discussed legal regulation on health injuries in civil law and labour law. Particular attention will be focused on the transfer of compensation in the event of injury to the heirs – while in service relationships, such claims are extinguished by death (not transferred on the heirs), which was taken over from the 1960s legislation, in current private law, do not cease if they have been recognized or at least brought in court. The aim of the paper is a critical analysis for the current state of legal regulation and the proposals de lege ferenda (approximation to labour law regulation). The issue has increased importance for public finances and functioning of public sector and enforcement of the rule of law.
Attenuation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene-induced inflammation in atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in rats by a pyrrole containing FELL-NH 2 bioconjugate: Cannabinoid receptor type 1 involvement
Authors: Papadakis Konstantinos , Bezirci Kadir , Borisova Boryana , Vladimirova Stanislava , Danalev Dancho , Handjieva-Darlenska Teodora , Tafradjiiska-Hadjiolova Radka , Nocheva Hristina
Published: October 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition of significant health and social importance, which justifies the search for new means of treatment. Since the endogenous cannabinoid system appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of AD, the proposed article summarizes the clinical impact on skin inflammation in a rat model of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like condition after exogenous systemic administration of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1r) agonist anandamide, as well as after local treatment with a newly synthesized pyrrole moiety containing bioconjugate of FELL tetrapeptide with CB1r-dependent analgesic activity. The changes in skin lesions and ear thickness were estimated along with the CB1r expression immunohistochemically determined on skin punch biopsies. The results showed attenuation of skin lesions by anandamide and lack of positive effect after introduction of CB1r antagonist, accompanied by a change in CB1r expression, suggesting the involvement of the cannabinoid system in the defensive functions of the skin. The topically applied newly synthesized bioconjugate also favorably affected skin manifestations of inflammation, but without a change in CB1r expression, suggesting the involvement of other mechanisms in the reported effects.
Serum podocalyxin levels in patients with obesity and carbohydrates disorders
Authors: Nedeva Iveta , Karamfilova Vera , Vodenicharov Vlayko , Gerganova Antonina , Velikova Tsvetelina , Assyov Yavor
Published: October 2024

Background: Podocalyxin is expressed not only in glomerular podocytes but also on the endothelial cell surface outside the kidney. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate the role of serum podocalyxin as an early marker for vascular injury in patients with obesity and carbohydrate disturbances.

Subjects and methods: The study group consisted of 163 patients with a mean age of 52.5 ± 11.3 years.

Results: Levels of podocalyxin were significantly higher in healthy controls compared to patients with obesity, prediabetes, and newly diagnosed diabetes. Correlation analysis revealed that podocalyxin correlates negatively with BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist to stature ratio, fasting insulin, and one hour after the oral glucose tolerance test. ROC analyses determined that circulating podocalyxin levels are valuable for differentiating subjects with prediabetes and obesity.

Conclusion: This study is the first to assess the role of podocalyxin in the entire spectrum of metabolic disorders.
Discovery of a new gall-inducing species, Aciurina luminaria (Insecta, Diptera, Tephritidae) via multi-trait integrative taxonomy
Authors: Baine Quinlyn , White Branden , Martinson Vincent G. , Martinson Ellen O.
Published: October 2024

Integrative taxonomic practices that combine multiple lines of evidence for species delimitation greatly improve our understanding of intra- and inter-species variation and biodiversity. However, extended phenotypes remain underutilized despite their potential as a species-specific set of extracorporeal morphological and life history traits. Primarily relying on variations in wing patterns has caused taxonomic confusion in the genus Aciurina, which are gall-inducing flies on Asteraceae plants in western North America. However, species display distinct gall morphologies that can be crucial for species identification. Here we investigate a unique gall morphotype in New Mexico and Colorado that was previously described as a variant of that induced by Aciurina bigeloviae (Cockerell, 1890). Our analysis has discovered several consistent features that distinguish it from galls of A. bigeloviae. A comprehensive description of Aciurina luminaria Baine, sp. nov. and its gall is provided through integrative taxonomic study of gall morphology, host plant ecology, wing morphometrics, and reduced-representation genome sequencing.
Revision of the Afrotropical genus Protoleptops Heinrich, 1967 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae), with description of a new species from Burundi
Authors: Dal Pos Davide , De Ketelaere Augustijn , Di Giovanni Filippo
Published: October 2024

This study presents a comprehensive revision of the genus Protoleptops Heinrich, 1967. We describe a new species, P. nyeupe Dal Pos & Di Giovanni, sp. nov., from Burundi, marking the first documented occurrence of an Ichneumoninae species in the country. Additionally, we provide the first diagnostic description of the female P. farquharsoni Heinrich, 1967 and report a new occurrence of this species in KwaZulu-Natal. Furthermore, we document P. magnificus for Mpumalanga (South Africa) and P. angolae Heinrich, 1967 in Uganda, thereby extending the known range of the latter into East Africa. A detailed catalogue of all species within the genus Protoleptops is also included.
Promoting Inclusivity
Authors: Sahoo Vaishali Deepak , Sahoo Deepak Ranjan
Published: October 2024

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives have expanded to encompass a wide array of endeavors aimed at fostering inclusivity across society. This chapter delves into the role of CSR in promoting inclusivity within the realms of game-based learning and professional employment. Through an examination of existing literature and case studies, this chapter underscores the significance of CSR endeavors in fostering a more inclusive environment for diverse populations, including individuals with disabilities, minorities, and marginalized groups. Game-based learning and professional employment stand out as domains with profound implications for social and economic impact. This thematic analysis explores the intersection of these two areas and their contributions to broader social and economic outcomes. By integrating methods of game-based learning with inclusive employment practices, businesses can play a pivotal role in advancing social equity while simultaneously enhancing organizational performance and fostering innovation.
Investigating the Potential of Maritime Serious Game Design in SIRE 2.0 Context
Authors: Gürbüz Süleyman , Celik Metin
Published: October 2024

Pre-vetting inspection is a critical process to enhance safety and environmental protection onboard tanker ships. The current study firstly proposes a serious game design model, namely GAMESIRE 2.0, for crew upskilling in tanker vetting requirements. This study considers recently updated requirements of Ship Inspection Report (SIRE 2.0) Programme of Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF). Using GAMESIRE 2.0 model, preliminary design of a serious game-based training is conducted in preparation for SIRE 2.0 Clause # 4.2.1, which focuses on navigational procedures on passage planning and execution. Further maritime studies might utilize GAMESIRE 2.0 model to design additional serious games in SIRE 2.0 context. In fact, scope of GAMESIRE 2.0 model can be extended through other maritime inspection regimes such as Chemical Distribution Institute (CDI), Tanker Management Self-Assessment (TMSA), Dry Bulk Management Standard (DRYBMS), etc. Consequently, this study contributes to third-party standards on enhanced safety and environmental protection in tanker shipping industry.
The Relationship as the Protagonist in Role-Playing Games
Authors: Stera Angelo
Published: October 2024

The idea for this analysis arises from the curiosity to circumscribe the phenomenon and better understand the critical issues just described, particularly how the evolution of digital technologies in recent years has radically transformed the world of work, redefining the very concept of professionalism. Among the most disruptive innovations, artificial intelligence and collaborative platforms stand out, offering new tools and modes of interaction that are revolutionizing the way people interact, work, and collaborate.
Causality of Digitalization With Social Sustainability in Selected Countries
Authors: Singh Ajay Kumar
Published: October 2024

The theoretical review argued that digitalization is favourable to increase social sustainability. However, research communities could not develop the empirical association between digitalization and social sustainability. Hence, this chapter develops an empirical tool to examine the association between digitalization and social sustainability across 34 countries during 2000-2018 using panel data investigation. It creates a social sustainability index (SSI) and information & communication technology index (ICTI). The time trend analysis is used to explain the relative performance of these countries in social sustainability and digitalization. The results claim a high diversity in social sustainability and digitalization across countries. The above-mentioned indicators have a positive causality. Science & technological advancement, production of manufacturing sector, FDI and merchandise trade are found supportive to increase social sustainability and digitalization. Environmental degradation creates complications to increase social sustainability.
Honor-Related Crimes in Egypt
Authors: Singh Harshita , Pandey Deeksha
Published: October 2024

In Egypt, honor-related crimes constitute a complex and deeply rooted societal issue, reflecting a convergence of cultural norms, patriarchal structures, and legal ambiguities. These crimes predominantly target women perceived to have brought shame upon their families through alleged moral transgressions, such as premarital sex, extramarital affairs, or even suspicion thereof. The concept of family honor intertwines with societal expectations of female chastity and obedience, often enforced through rigid social codes and religious interpretations. Despite legislative reforms aimed at protecting women's rights, including amendments to penal codes, the implementation remains inconsistent, influenced by familial and community pressures, as well as perceptions of shame and dishonor.
Demystifying the Culture and Causes of Honor Killings in Canada
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Garg Aniruddh Atul
Published: October 2024

The chapter aims to unfold the mishaps of honor killings in the Canadian context comprising its key causes, and issues leading to honor-based offenses against the women in the family. Although, honor killings in Canada are rare to notice, but are prevalent majorly due to immigrant communities. The chapter also demystifies the case studies which witnessed honor killings in Canada. The Shafia case which is one of the landmark cases of the honor killing in Kingston, Canada led to the painful demise of three daughters and the first wife of Mohd. Shafia. Furthermore, it also explores the Canadian media reports on honor killing and how they create a biased view regarding the incidents surrounding these crimes in the public domain. In conclusion, several ways are highlighted upon which the Canadian government should act in order to diminish the prevalence of honor-based violence throughout Canada such as introducing effective immigration policies and making aware the youth of the laws concerning gender equality, freedom, and fairness.
Comparative Analysis of Various Factors of Honor Killing in India and European Countries
Authors: Sharma Anurag , Sharma Salini
Published: October 2024

“Honor killings are the darkest manifestation of a society's fear of change and the loss of patriarchal control.” Indeed, such killings are not crimes of honor, rather crime of horror. Protecting honor can never be the justification of murdering someone. Its supporters try to justify as are the sole method to restore honor & reputation of the family. This argument is contradictory in itself as how could honor be restored when there will be stain of being murderer on the family following such killing? In fact, the hidden motive behind these killing is nothing but to establish dominance and suppressing the voice of anyone who tries to free oneself from such shackles of patriarchy and orthodox practices. There are various factors behind such killings which vary from region to region. These factors include social, educational, economic, cultural, regional, religious believes, patriarchal norms etc. In this chapter, factors behind honor killings in India vis-à-vis European countries, i.e., France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Russia and Sweden have been examined carefully.
A Critical Study of Honor-Related Violence in Germany
Authors: Mishra Madhulika , Singh Shweta
Published: October 2024

This chapter delves into the multifaceted issue of honor-related violence in Germany, examining the responsibilities of families, the state, and civic entities in preventing such crimes. It begins by defining honor-related violence, emphasizing that it is a significant social problem that predominantly affects women and often stems from patriarchal notions of family honor. The chapter scrutinizes the concept of “honor killing,” exploring whether Islamic teachings support or condemn this practice. It elucidates that while some perpetrators may claim religious justification, mainstream Islamic theology and scholars overwhelmingly reject honor killings as un-Islamic and contrary to the principles of justice and compassion. By investigating the root causes, the chapter identifies factors such as patriarchal cultural norms, social pressures, and the struggle to maintain traditional values within a Western context as key drivers of honor-related violence.
Study of Judgments in India
Authors: Kim Chunyre , Shoaib Mohmmad
Published: October 2024

The praiseworthy peculiarity killings in India have been a longstanding issue, well established in friendly, social, and familial elements. Honor killings, frequently executed against people who oppose customary cultural standards in regard to rank, religion, or between position relationships, certainly stand out both locally and universally. These demonstrations of viciousness, serious for the sake of protecting family honor or station virtue, have brought up basic issues about equity, common liberties, and law and order in India. This exposition looks at the advancement of legal perspectives and approaches towards honor killings in India, breaking down eminent decisions that have molded lawful talk and affected cultural discernment. By diving into the legitimate standards, points of reference, and cultural ramifications of these decisions, this paper looks to give a far-reaching comprehension of the legal reaction to respect killings in India and the continuous mission for equity and responsibility even with settled in social practices.
The Dark Face and Hidden Atrocity of Honor Killing Cases in Turkey
Authors: Mall Praveen Kumar , Goyal Shreyanshi
Published: October 2024

Several key research questions will be addressed in this chapter: 1. What is the Prevalence of Honor Killing in Turkey? 2. What are the cultural and societal factors that contribute to the prevalence of honor killings in Turkey? 3. What are the Prejudices and Misconceptions Associated with Honor Killing? 4. Exploring Gender Roles in Honor Killing Incidents in Turkey. 5. Laws and Punishments for Honor Killing in Turkey. 6. What is the Role of Community in Propagating Honor Killings? 7. Understanding the Impact of Honor Killings on Turkish Society. 8. Recommendations for Eradicating Honor Killings in Turkey. In order to address these research questions, the chapter will utilize a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews and analysis of existing literature on honor killings in Turkey. The findings from this research chapter will contribute to a deeper understanding of the social prejudice surrounding honor killings in Turkey and provide insights for developing targeted interventions and strategies to combat and eradicate this form of violence.
Breaking Boundaries
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Usman
Published: October 2024

This chapter seeks to broaden the scope of computational thinking beyond its traditional boundaries within the disciplines of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). It aims to dispel the prevailing misconception that computational thinking is limited to computer science and digital technology and highlights its applicability in non-STEM fields such as literature, history, art, and social sciences. In the current educational climate that emphasises interdisciplinary approaches, this chapter endeavours to demonstrate the relevance of computational thinking in transcending the conventional confines of these disciplines. The importance of elucidating the fundamental principles of computational thinking has become apparent as we explore its intricate facets. It is essential to understand that computational thinking extends beyond coding and programming to encompass a range of skills including logical analysis, pattern recognition, algorithmic reasoning, and reflection.
Leadership's Role in Students' Co-Production of University Brand Features
Authors: Umoren Mandu
Published: October 2024

This paper explored the forms of individual and collective leadership roles in a collaborative network of professional and non-professional co-producers of university brand features. It was discovered that the three identified broad phases in the co-production of brand features (preparation, execution, evaluation/implementation) represent collective activities with implied opportunities for the exercising of collective and individual leadership roles in formal and informal capacities. The paper concluded that the co-production approach to institutional branding can reduce the seeming feeling of marginalisation among university students.
A Study on Powers of Higher Education Leadership and Solutions for Challenges
Authors: Dinesh A. , Shandilya Shantanu , Parmar Dhara Vinod , Sundharesalingam P. , Chinnusamy Somu
Published: October 2024

Higher education leadership is confronted with numerous challenges in the contemporary landscape, requiring innovative solutions to ensure institutional effectiveness and student success. This paper explores the multifaceted nature of directing leadership in higher education, examining challenges such as financial pressures, demographic shifts, technological advancements, and the imperative for diversity and inclusion. Solutions encompass strategic approaches to financial sustainability, embracing technological change, promoting diversity and equity, enhancing student success and well-being, and fostering collaborative partnerships. By addressing these challenges and implementing proactive solutions, leaders can navigate the complexities of higher education effectively, driving institutional growth, innovation, and positive outcomes for students, faculty, and stakeholders.
Application of Traditional Elements in Film and Television Animation Driven by Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Du Min , Shao Bozhang , Liu Caixia
Published: October 2024

Traditional culture is gradually being forgotten in the process of modernization, leading to insufficient application of traditional elements in movies and animations, which in turn affects their artistic value and market performance. To avoid the dilemma of high and low development, Chinese film and animation production needs to find a healthier and more benign development path. Explored in this article is the application of traditional elements in AI driven film and television animations. To achieve this goal, in-depth research on element matching problems using a tensor canonical polyadic decomposition (CPD) model, sampling algorithm based on composite star structure, and maximum filtering method was conducted. Through these algorithms and models, a way to effectively utilize traditional elements in AI driven movies and TV animations can be found. This article provides new ideas and directions for the development of China's film and animation industry and offers new possibilities for the application of AI technology in the cultural realm.
Scaffolding Deliberations
Authors: Chadha Anita
Published: October 2024

Developing student engagement online necessitates creating a specifically designed online site to foster interaction alongside regularly structured academic requirements. By creating this deliberative opportunity, students share and discuss varied perspectives on current and controversial issues. Using data from a spring 2023 collaboration course across the two geographically dispersed universities in New York and Texas, student engagement forms were assessed for their academic educational outcomes. Significant findings revealed that students challenged and clarified their varied perspectives across the institutions. In addition, their interaction and engagement resulted in greater satisfaction with their course work while lessening their learner isolation during our social distancing protocols.
Combination treatment with monoclonal antibodies for the management of severe asthma and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a comprehensive review
Authors: Carriera Lorenzo , Caporuscio Sara , Fantò Marta , D’Abramo Alice , Puzio Genesio , Triolo Luca , Coppola Angelo
Published: October 2024

Biological drugs have revolutionized the management of severe asthma, and a tailored treatment approach made it possible to consider remission as an achievable treatment target. The incidence of autoimmune diseases is increasing in many parts of the world. Patients suffering from severe asthma, eligible or already treated with an asthma-approved biologic agent, may suffer from another immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) that could require the simultaneous use of a second monoclonal antibody. The real-life studies available in the literature describing the concurrent administration of an asthma-approved biologic agent with another biologic for a different immune disease, obtained through a systematic search on online databases based on monoclonal antibodies, were collected and analyzed. 26 articles were included in this review according to the prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. All included papers were retrospective in nature. Study designs were case reports (n=18), case series (n=3), retrospective chart reviews (n=3), retrospective observational studies (n=1), and cohort studies (n=1). The study is intended to present, within the current literature, all the administered combinations of severe asthma-approved biologics with monoclonal antibodies for a different indication. Those were grouped according to the IMID for whom the second biologic agent, with a different mechanism of action, was prescribed. The combinations prescribed to the cohort of patients specifically treating uncontrolled severe asthma were deeper evaluated in the discussion section, since an analysis of these therapeutic combinations deriving from real-life experiences may be useful to optimize the management of patients with severe asthma, ultimately leading to improved patient care and outcomes. Prospective registries and future studies are required to assess the safety and efficacy of combination therapies for severe asthmatic patients who suffer from an IMID.
The role of incivility aggression on decent work: A local government sector case
Authors: Ngwimba Vigeline Y. , Chinyamurindi Willie , Dywili Mtutuzeli
Published: October 2024

Background: The issue of workplace incivility is noted as being one of the factors that affect the work of public service employees. However, empirically, the problem needs to be sufficiently addressed in the South African local context. There are growing calls to ascertain how workplace incivility affects the experience and the outcome of work.Aim: This study investigates the effects of incivility aggression on decent work among local government employees in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.Methods: The study followed a quantitative research design. Primary data were collected with the help of 425 self-administered questionnaires among employees in the Eastern Cape local government.Results: The study found that experienced workplace incivility significantly influences decent work. Further, instigated workplace incivility was found to influence decent work among employees significantly.Conclusion: Through the findings of the study, an appeal is made to policy makers and practitioners to implement policies that promote necessary good working conditions, social support, interdependence and fairness to counteract incivility aggression.Contribution: The study advances the understanding of incivility aggression within an organisational setting.
Exploring South African Indian men’s understanding of depression
Authors: Sithambaram Vashnie , Wagner Claire , Cassimjee Nafisa
Published: October 2024

Background: Depression is reported as one of the most common mental disorders. Research on Indian men’s understandings of depression is limited.Aim: The authors aimed to explore South African Indian men’s understanding of depression in a community, and how this guides help-seeking behaviour.Setting: Community dwelling participants in Gauteng, South Africa.Methods: An exploratory qualitative design was employed and a purposive sampling method was used to recruit participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven Indian adult men and analysed using thematic analysis.Results: The findings of this study yielded a total of six themes. These included understanding of depression, depression is taboo, diverging gender role expectations and depression, help-seeking behaviour, barriers to help-seeking, and mental health community support.Conclusion: The findings suggest a lack of understanding and awareness of depression among participants and discussions around mental illness being regarded as taboo. Gender roles and societal expectations were considered as one of the contributors to depression onset. Coping and help-seeking behaviour included adaptive and maladaptive coping mechanisms with professional psychological help being least prioritised. Self-stigmatisation and fear of discrimination were highlighted as barriers to help-seeking behaviours.Contribution: This study contributed to the limited body of knowledge on understanding of depression among Indian men in South Africa and highlighted the importance of mental health awareness campaigns and professional help-seeking behaviour.
Isolated Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy: A Rare Complication of Organophosphate Poisoning
Authors: Jati Monalisa , Kaur Ashmeet
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

This case report aims to describe a rare manifestation of isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy (HNP) resulting from organophosphate poisoning (OP), specifically organophosphate- induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). The primary objective of this case report is to highlight this unusual manifestation and discuss its potential underlying mechanisms, emphasizing the importance of timely diagnosis and appropriate management.

Case Report:

A 31-year-old male with a history of consuming a commercial chlorpyrifos formulation presented with acute organophosphate poisoning symptoms that improved with appropriate treatment. However, two weeks later, the patient developed neurological deficits (numbness and weakness spreading from the plantar region to the upper limbs) involving the hypoglossal nerve, manifesting as left-sided tongue deviation, fasciculation, and atrophy, resulting in speech and swallowing difficulties. A comprehensive workup ruled out other potential causes of HNP, supporting the link between OPIDN and isolated HNP. Despite regaining limb strength, the patient’s speech and swallowing issues persisted, prompting a follow-up visit to our hospital for further management and rehabilitation.

Conclusion:

This case report highlights a unique manifestation of OPIDN, resulting in isolated HNP, a rare phenomenon. The correlation between exposure to chlorpyrifos, acute organophosphate poisoning, and delayed onset of HNP suggests a causative relationship. Prompt diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and timely speech and swallowing rehabilitation are vital for optimizing outcomes in such cases. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying this selective vulnerability of OPIDN and to develop targeted interventions.
Effect of surgery on survival of patients with small-cell lung cancer undiagnosed before resection
Authors: Caput Brice , Peretti Laura , Lacomme Stephanie , Tiotiu Angelica
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Standards of treatment for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) include chemoradiotherapy. The place of the surgery in this indication is still debated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the overall survival (OS) in patients who underwent surgery for an SCLC undiagnosed before resection in the University Hospital of Nancy, France. Secondarily, the impact of surgery on recurrence-free survival (RFS) was analyzed.

METHODS:

All the patients who underwent lung resection in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, from 1991 to 2018, and a diagnosis of SCLC after surgery were included. OS and RFS were analyzed according to the resection type, postoperative staging, and lymph node extension.

RESULTS:

Sixty-one patients were included. The median OS was higher in patients with lobectomy than those with pneumonectomy (26 [8.4–208.7] vs. 12 [3.4–27.6] months, P < 0.001) in stage I compared to other stages (58 [8.4–208.7] vs. 17 [3.4–83.5] months, P = 0.002), and N0-1 than N2 (25 [3.6–208.7] vs. 15 [3.4–83.5] months, P = 0.01). RFS was also significantly higher after lobectomy than after pneumonectomy (17 [1.6–184.9] vs. 8 [0.5–17.6], P < 0.001), stage I than stages II-III (35 [5–184.9] vs. 11 [0.5–42.4], P < 0.001) and N0-1 compared to N2 (25 [1.6–184.9] vs. 9 [0.5–16.5] months, P = 0.006). In multivariate analysis, the only independent factor influencing the OS was the pneumonectomy (hazard ratios = 3.19; 95% confidence interval [1.46–6.98], P = 0.004).

CONCLUSION:

Surgical resection of stage I SCLC may lead to better OS and RFS. N1 patients should not automatically be excluded from surgery. Lobectomy with regional lymph node resection is the preferable choice of surgery.
Investigating the dynamic relationship of sleep-disordered breathing, orthodontic treatment needs, and dental esthetics in the general population
Authors: Rao Dipasha K. , Avinash Bhagyalakshmi , Amulya T. M. , Prakash B. S. , Raghunath N. , Doddawad Vidya G.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is characterized by upper airway dysfunction and is linked to severe health issues. Individuals with SDB have distinct craniofacial morphology for which orthodontists are most suitable for the management due to their dental expertise.

AIM:

This study aims to discern key differences in dental parameters between individuals with and without SDB.

METHODS:

The present study is a cross-sectional observational study conducted for 12 months. Out of 70 participants, 35 were placed in the SDB group as per the Berlin questionnaire (BQ) and 35 in the control aged 18–22 years. Criteria excluded individuals with preexisting illnesses, missing teeth, tonsillectomy, orthodontic or jaw surgeries, cleft lip/palate, or craniofacial anomalies. Dental assessments included interdental width, palatal vault depth and shape, molar relation, overjet, and overbite. In addition, self-perceived orthodontic treatment needs were evaluated as a secondary measure.

RESULTS:

In the SDB group, interdental distances were significantly reduced in the canine, first premolars, second premolars, and molar regions by 2, 3, 4, and 1.8 mm, respectively. A noticeable V-shaped arch was observed. Overjet and overbite increased by 42.85% and 31.42%, respectively, with Class 1 malocclusion more prevalent than Class 2. The Berlin questionnaire identified 54.3% as high-risk SDB. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need-Esthetic Component (IOTN-AC) revealed that 68.6% of snoring participants required orthodontic treatment.

CONCLUSION:

Individuals with SDB exhibit a constricted maxilla and reduced interdental measurements, indicating a moderate risk. The Berlin questionnaire proves valuable in assessing SDB severity. Moreover, individuals displaying signs of SDB often present a high prevalence of orthodontic treatment needs, as indicated by the IOTN-AC.
Intra-orbital Foreign Body
Authors: Abdulsalam Shuaib , Bashir Eiman , Abdulrashid Nasir , Habib Saudat Garba
Published: October 2024

Background:

This case report describes a young man with an intra-orbital foreign body (FB) in both eyes.

Case Report:

Intra-orbital FBs are rare, with few cases reported in the literature. This is because the orbit protects the globe from external forces, and the orbit is a closed cavity with one opening. This report details the case of a 28-year-old man who presented to the emergency unit with an 11-hour history of an intra-orbital FB. The patient was lying on a bench when a stationary motorcycle fell on him. He noticed that he was unable to open both eyes and was rushed to a peripheral hospital, then subsequently referred to this tertiary center. On examination, he was ill-looking and anxious but not febrile or pale. Systemic examination did not reveal any abnormality. Unaided visual acuity in the right eye (OD) was nil perception of light, while left eye visual acuity (OS) was counting fingers. The right eyelid was ptotic due to edema. He underwent basic laboratory investigations that were all normal. A plain X-ray revealed a radio-opaque FB penetrating the left orbit, fracturing the medial walls into the right orbit, with the round end positioned behind the right globe. The FB was identified as a broken part of a brake/clutch lever from the motorcycle. A computerized tomography scan showed a metallic object in both orbits, accompanied by pneumocephalus, and suggested transection of the right optic nerve. The patient was prepared for FB removal and repair of the lid penetration under general anesthesia, following review by the ENT surgeon and neurosurgeon. The brake lever was successfully removed, and the patient was administered antibiotics. Post-operatively, visual acuity in the right eye remained at nil perception of light, while that in the left eye improved to 6/9 upon discharge.

Conclusion:

There is no established protocol for managing intra-orbital FBs, as removal depends on factors such as the size, composition, and potential compression damage to structures around the globe, which could further compromise vision or function. Small inert objects may be left in place if removal would cause damage. However, in this case, removal was deemed necessary for several reasons.
Breastfeeding as a Primary Care Preventive Strategy towards Improved Child Survival
Authors: Kumari Jyoti , Jain Swati
Published: October 2024

Objective:

The objective of this study was to assess the gaps towards breastfeeding awareness and practices amongst female college-going students (aged 18–25 years).

Materials and Methods:

This observational and questionnaire-based survey study was carried out amongst 300 female college-going students in Delhi from December 2020 to January 2021.

Results:

Knowledge scores ranged between 6 and 18 in the study population, with a mean score of 14.46 ± 2.20, while the attitude scores ranged from 30 to 75 with a mean score of 58.22 ± 6.96. Breastfeeding perception scores ranged from 3 to 15 for the study population where a low score indicated a positive perception of breastfeeding, with a mean score of 12.8 ± 1.6. The majority of the students (79.1%) intended to breastfeed in future.

Conclusion:

There is a need to address the prevalent myths and gaps in knowledge as well as awareness on certain aspects of breastfeeding, to promote breastfeeding.
A Hybrid Approach for Robust Object Detection: Integrating Template Matching and Faster R-CNN
Authors: Zangana Hewa Majeed , Mustafa Firas Mahmood , Omar Marwan
Published: October 2024

Object detection is a critical task in computer vision, with applications ranging from autonomous vehicles to medical imaging. Traditional methods like template matching offer precise localization but struggle with variations in object appearance, while deep learning approaches such as Faster R-CNN excel in handling diverse and complex datasets but often require extensive computational resources and large amounts of labeled data. This paper proposes a hybrid approach that integrates template matching with Faster R-CNN to leverage the strengths of both techniques. By combining the accuracy of template matching with the robustness and generalization capabilities of Faster R-CNN, our method achieves superior performance in challenging scenarios, including objects with occlusions, varying scales, and complex backgrounds. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the hybrid model not only enhances detection accuracy but also reduces computational load, making it a practical solution for real-world applications.
A higher-order transformation approach to the formalization and analysis of BPMN using graph transformation systems
Authors: Kräuter Tim , Rutle Adrian , König Harald , Lamo Yngve
Published: October 2024

The Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) is a widely used standard
notation for defining intra- and inter-organizational workflows. However, the
informal description of the BPMN execution semantics leads to different
interpretations of BPMN elements and difficulties in checking behavioral
properties. In this article, we propose a formalization of the execution
semantics of BPMN that, compared to existing approaches, covers more BPMN
elements while also facilitating property checking. Our approach is based on a
higher-order transformation from BPMN models to graph transformation systems.
To show the capabilities of our approach, we implemented it as an open-source
web-based tool.
India and Pakistan: The Role of Regimes, Consensus and Stability
Authors: Mehra Aryaman
Published: October 2024

How do the governments of a dictatorial regime (Pakistan) and a democratic regime(India) differ? Statistics suggest India has economically overtaken Pakistan on most indicators. However, this was not a foregone conclusion, as India's income per capita in 1990 (using 2011 constant prices), the per capita income (using 2011 constant prices) in India was 1,773 PPP US dollars, just 58% of Pakistan’s. Yet after two decades, India caught up and now surpasses Pakistan by 20%. This first observation brings the question of the divergent political and economic paths these two countries took to explain such differences in development. After the enactment of their independence from the British Empire, both countries had to build a political framework. On the one hand, Pakistan’s constitution was embedded in conflict, elections were regularly postponed and military coups undermined institutions. On the other hand, India drafted the world’s longest constitution, successfully held free and fair elections and took the democratic route. These provide insights into the topic of instability due to the regime type of the two countries. Pakistan being an autocracy, was an extremely unstable country with a weak government whereas India being a democracy, had flourished into the fastest developing nation in the world with a stable and fair government elected by the people. This study aims to analyse the impact of varying political structures, institutional frameworks, and power distribution mechanisms in both countries on the establishment and sustenance of political consensus crucial for upholding democratic principles. First, it provides a base on which the research paper rests and discusses the turbulent history of Pakistan alongside the developing, advancing history of India. The governments and political systems of both are explained and the conflicts between the two countries are unveiled. After having established this, we look at why and how the regime type of Pakistan can be regarded as unstable and, in comparison why and how these same variables allow us to regard India as a stable country.
The Role of FDI in India's Manufacturing Sector: Growth, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Malik Jaiditya
Published: October 2024

This research paper explores the pivotal role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the growth and transformation of India's manufacturing sector, with a focus on recent trends, challenges, and future opportunities. It highlights the positive impact of FDI facilitated by government policies, including the "Make in India" initiative, which aims to boost the country's manufacturing capabilities and position it as a global hub. The study underscores the significant contributions of FDI to enhancing production capacity, technological advancements, and job creation. However, it also identifies key challenges, such as regulatory hurdles and inadequate infrastructure, that continue to limit the sector's full potential. In the context of recent global economic shifts, including the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and evolving trade policies, the paper examines how these factors influence FDI inflows and the strategic positioning of India's manufacturing industry. According to recent data from the Reserve Bank of India, FDI inflows into the manufacturing sector increased by 15% in the fiscal year 2021-2022, reflecting the sector's resilience and continued attractiveness.1 The paper concludes with recommendations for policy reforms aimed at creating a more conducive environment for FDI, essential for the sustained growth and competitiveness of India's manufacturing sector.
Breaking Barriers: Enhancing Employability for the Sensory Impaired in India
Authors: Agrawal Aaryan
Published: October 2024

This research paper explores the challenges and opportunities faced by sensory and speechimpaired individuals in the Indian job market. Through a combination of literature survey, qualitative interviews, case studies and survey analysis, the paper identifies key barriers to employment while also highlighting successful initiatives that promote their inclusivity in the workplace. The findings emphasize the need for a multifaceted approach to inclusion, addressing both technological and physical adaptations, alongside continuous dialogue and training within organizations. The study concludes with recommendations for improving job market accessibility and fostering a more inclusive environment that works towards the integration of these individuals.
A Comparison of the Different Types of Marketing Strategies Adopted by Multinational Corporations and Local Firms, Overtime and Over Space: Case Study of India as an Emerging Economy
Authors: Suri Abhinav
Published: October 2024

MNC’s and local traditional firms have vied for market space overtime. MNC’s have had an advantage due to their financial power, economies of scale and R&D facilities. Traditional firms in emerging economies like India have had little option but to merge or become subordinate to them. But contrary to the above there have been a number of instances that have not followed this route and have expanded in the face of competition. In spite of this all firms (MNC’s and traditional) are now faced with a new challenge namely ‘climate change’. To address this all stakeholders have to work in tandem.
Financial Constraints and Funding Solutions for Small Startups in Emerging Markets
Authors: Singh Aarav
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to analyse the challenges that small startups experience in emerging markets when accessing finance, the feasibility of non-traditional sources of funding, and the relevant policies that can help enhance funding. Intensified poverty and a lack of physical infrastructure that factors traditional banking solutions derive their effectiveness from means small startups in these areas have low access to credit, high interest rates, and underdeveloped venture capital markets. These constraints limit their advancement, expansion, and capacity to operate and maintain their businesses and thus are characterised by high failure rates. Others are; crowdfunding, microfinancing, and digital lending which can be considered as crucial methods used in bridging the gap in funding. Crowdfunding equalises capital access since Startups can issue funds directly from the public while microfinance offers small and flexible credit to nonmainstream business people. Digital lending comes with the assistance of technology which enables fast and convenient access to the loans and, therefore, supplements the funding challenge that startups with no credit pasts face. However, each of these solutions has restrictions in terms of fees, the maximum loan amount, and problems with regulation. This paper emphasises the need for appropriate policies to support the improvement of access to finance among startups. Other measures proposed are the development of credit guarantee schemes, reduction of bureaucratic rules and regulations, encouragement of FDI through tax incentives, and the use of technology in the provision of financial services. Besides, enlarging the financial literacy of intending and existing businessmen and enhancing the credit information infrastructure can very much enhance financing. From the study, it becomes clear that it will need to employ diversified strategies that put into practice various non-conventional funding paradigms alongside positive policies to facilitate a vibrant and progressive entrepreneurial culture within emerging markets.
Factors Affecting Securities Investment Intention of Individual Investors in Vietnam
Authors: Hung Dinh The
Published: October 2024

The study was conducted to investigate the factors influencing individual investor’s intention in stock markets based on the survey’s data of 175 individuals with interest and intention to invest in stock markets in Vietnam. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. The findings from the study indicated that (1) Risk Taking Propensity, (2) Attitude towards financial investment, (3) Subjective Norms had a significant positive effect on individual investors' investment intention. Meanwhile, Financial Knowledge has a negative impact on investment intention. Based on the study’s empirical analysis, some implications were proposed to help securities enterprises on how to attract individual investors.
The Role of Economic Stability in Climate Adaptation Readiness and Vulnerability
Authors: Edidin Kristian
Published: October 2024

This study examines the correlation between economic stability indicators, climate adaptation readiness, and vulnerability to climate change. By analyzing an extensive dataset of 192 countries and employing regression analysis, we determine which macroeconomic factors play a significant role in the readiness and vulnerability of countries to climate risk. Our findings generally show that stable economies are better prepared for climate change, while less stable ones are more vulnerable. We also highlight the role of AI readiness in enhancing adaptation efforts. Our findings help policymakers and economists understand climate risk determinants and better allocate resources towards climate change adaptation.