bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of electrostatic forces on the porosity of saturated mineral powder samples and implications for chalk strength
Authors: Meireles Leonardo Teixeira Pinto , Storebø Einar Madsen , Lykke Fabricius Ida
Published: October 2019

Electrostatic forces acting at the particle scale can be an important drive behind water weakening of chalk. Upon the replacement of oil with brine, ions present in the imbibing brine can exchange with ions already adsorbed to the calcite surface, leading to a change in the surface potential. This can cause an increase in the disjoining pressure between particles, either reducing the cohesion of particles connected via contact cement or decreasing friction between free particles. We have assessed the effect of electrostatic forces by measuring pore-water effects on porosity in sediment columns using nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry. Samples of calcite, quartz, or kaolinite powder were saturated with brines containing ions found in seawater ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]) at varying ionic strengths and as a nonpolar reference, with ethylene glycol. The difference in porosity between samples saturated with glycol and with brines reflects the disjoining pressure. For calcite samples, saturation with solutions containing divalent cations ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) lead to higher repulsive forces between the grains, whereas adsorption of [Formula: see text] counteracts the initially positive surface charge, lowering the repulsive forces. Calcium-based brines induced the highest repulsion, probably due to higher surface coverage of [Formula: see text] than that of [Formula: see text] due to its smaller hydrated radius. For kaolinite, differences in potential between the silica and alumina faces as well as the edges can either lead to repulsion between particles or to flocculation, depending on the ionic strength and ionic species of the fluid. Our results indicate that low-salinity water flooding may lead to kaolinite mobilization within reservoirs. A comparison of the results from our calcite powder experiments with results from mechanical tests performed on chalk samples indicates that electrical double layer-related forces can contribute to the weakening of chalk. Saturating brines for which the repulsion between grains in powder experiments was larger corresponds to weaker chalk samples.
Accelerating 2D frequency-domain full-waveform inversion via fast wave modeling using a model reduction technique
Authors: Cho Yongchae , Gibson Richard L. , Jun Hyunggu , Shin Changsoo
Published: October 2019

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is widely used to infer earth structures and rock properties. In FWI, most of the computation arises from the repeated simulations of wave propagation. Although frequency-domain implementations have several advantages, solving the Helmholtz equation incurs a major computational cost associated with the inversion of large matrices. Hence, we have used a new model reduction technique called the generalized multiscale finite-element method (GM FEM) to perform this task rapidly for forward and backward simulations. This in turn leads to the acceleration of the FWI. In addition, the multiscale finite-element approach allows flexible, adaptive selection of modeling parameters (i.e., grid size, number of basis functions) for different target frequencies, providing further speed up. We apply this frequency-domain, multiscale FEM approach to the Marmousi-2 model, and the FWI results indicated how varying the number of basis functions can control the trade-off between the accuracy and computational speed. In addition, we introduced FWI examples applied to field data from the Gulf of Mexico. These field data examples indicate that applying our multiscale FWI with a relatively small number of basis functions can quickly construct a macrovelocity model using low frequencies. We also evaluate a strategy to optimize the FWI procedure by using frequency-adaptive multiscale basis functions based on the target frequency group. In general, we can reduce the run time by up to 30% through the application of GM FEM wave modeling in FWI.
Online psychotherapy: trailblazing digital healthcare
Authors: McDonald Annabel , Eccles Jessica A. , Fallahkhair Sanaz , Critchley Hugo D.
Published: October 2019

Advances in digital technology have a profound impact on conventional healthcare systems. We examine the trailblazing use of online interventions to enable autonomous psychological care which can greatly enhance individual- and population-level access to services. There is strong evidence supporting online cognitive–behavioural therapy and more engaging programmes are now appearing so as to reduce user ‘attrition’. The next generation of autonomous psychotherapy programmes will implement adaptive and personalised responses, moving beyond impersonalised advice on cognitive and behavioural techniques. This will be a more authentic form of psychotherapy that integrates therapy with the actual relationship experiences of the individual user.
Psychometric properties of the five-level EuroQoL-5 dimension and Short Form-6 dimension measures of health-related quality of life in a population of pregnant women with depression
Authors: Heslin Margaret , Chua Kia-Chong , Trevillion Kylee , Nath Selina , Howard Louise M. , Byford Sarah
Published: October 2019

Background

Although evidence suggests that the EuroQoL-5 dimension (EQ-5D) and Short Form-6 dimension (SF-6D) have equivalent psychometric properties in people with depression, there is some evidence that the EQ-5D may lack responsiveness in certain populations with depression.

Aims

To examine the psychometric properties of the five-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) and SF-6D measures of health-related quality of life in a representative sample of pregnant women with depression.

Method

Data were taken from a cohort of pregnant women identified at or soon after the first antenatal care contact and followed-up at 3 months postpartum. Health-related quality of life was measured using both the EQ-5D-5L and the SF-6D at baseline and follow-up. We examined acceptability and conducted psychometric validation in the aspects of concurrent validity, convergent validity, known-group validity and responsiveness in 421 women with available data.

Results

The EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D have similarly high levels of acceptability. However, concurrent validation shows a lack of concordance between the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D. The EQ-5D-5L tends to be higher than the SF-6D in individuals with better health states. The SF-6D tends to be higher than EQ-5D-5L in individuals with poorer health states. Convergent and known-group validity are comparable between the two utility measures. Longitudinally, women who recovered show larger increase in SF-6D utilities than those who did not recover at follow-up. With the EQ-5D-5L, this is not the case. Additionally, the ceiling effects were more apparent in the EQ-5D-5L.

Conclusions

The effectiveness of perinatal mental health interventions may be better captured by the SF-6D than the EQ-5D-5L but this needs to be cross-validated in more studies.

Declaration of interest

L.M.H. chaired the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence CG192 guidelines development group on antenatal and postnatal mental health in 2012–2014. L.M.H. reports grants from NIHR, MRC, Nuffield and the Stefanou Foundation, UK. K.T., M.H. and S.B. report funding by NIHR and the Stefanou Foundation, UK.
The Risks of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality Following Weight Change in Adults with Diabetes: Results from ADVANCE
Authors: Lee Alexandra K , Woodward Mark , Wang Dan , Ohkuma Toshiaki , Warren Bethany , Sharrett A Richey , Williams Bryan , Marre Michel , Hamet Pavel , Harrap Stephen , Mcevoy John W , Chalmers John , Selvin Elizabeth
Published: October 2019

Context

Weight loss is strongly recommended for overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes. Unintentional weight loss is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, but few studies have examined its association with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes.

Objective

To evaluate 2-year weight change and subsequent risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in established type 2 diabetes.

Design and Setting

The Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron-MR Controlled Evaluation was an international, multisite 2×2 factorial trial of intensive glucose control and blood pressure control. We examined 5 categories of 2-year weight change: >10% loss, 4% to 10% loss, stable (±<4%), 4% to 10% gain, and >10% gain. We used Cox regression with follow-up time starting at 2 years, adjusting for intervention arm, demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and diabetes medication use from the 2-year visit.

Results

Among 10 081 participants with valid weight measurements, average age was 66 years. By the 2-year examination, 4.3% had >10% weight loss, 18.4% had 4% to 10% weight loss, and 5.3% had >10% weight gain. Over the following 3 years of the trial, >10% weight loss was strongly associated with major macrovascular events (hazard ratio [HR], 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-2.44), cardiovascular mortality (HR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.87-4.09), all-cause mortality (HR, 2.79; 95% CI, 2.10-3.71), but not major microvascular events (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.61-1.36), compared with stable weight. There was no evidence of effect modification by baseline body mass index, age, or type of diabetes medication.

Conclusions

In the absence of substantial lifestyle changes, weight loss may be a warning sign of poor health meriting further workup in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Analysis of Bone Impairment by 3D DXA Hip Measures in Patients With Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gracia-Marco Luis , García-Fontana Beatriz , Ubago-Guisado Esther , Vlachopoulos Dimitris , García-Martín Antonia , Muñoz-Torres Manuel
Published: October 2019

Context

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has been related to bone loss. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) cannot distinguish between trabecular and cortical bone compartments but the recently developed three-dimensional (3D)-DXA software might overcome this issue.

Objective

To examine the differences in DXA-derived areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and 3D-DXA parameters at the hip site between patients with PHPT and a healthy control group.

Design

Cross-sectional pilot study

Setting

Hospital

Patients

80 adults (59.5 ± 9.1 yrs), 40 with PHPT and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Measures

aBMD (g/cm2) of the femoral neck, trochanter, shaft, and total hip was assessed using DXA. Cortical surface (sBMD, mg/cm2), cortical volumetric BMD (vBMD, mg/cm3), trabecular vBMD (mg/cm3), integral vBMD (mg/cm3) and cortical thickness (mm) was assessed using 3D-DXA software.

Results

Mean-adjusted values showed lower aBMD (7.5%-12.2%, effect size: 0.51-1.01) in the PHPT group compared with the control group (all P < 0.05). 3D-DXA revealed bone impairment (3.7%-8.5%, effect size: 0.47-0.65) in patients with PHPT, mainly in cortical parameters (all P < 0.05). However, differences in trabecular vBMD were not statistically significant (P = 0.055). The 3D mapping showed lower cortical sBMD, cortical vBMD, and cortical thickness at the trochanter and diaphysis in the PHPT group (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. In both groups, the presence of osteopenia or osteoporosis is related to lower cortical bone.

Conclusions

aBMD and cortical 3D parameters are impaired in patients with PHPT versus healthy controls. The vBMD of the trabecular compartment seems to be affected, although to a lesser extent.
Thyroid Hormone Effects on Glucose Disposal in Patients With Insulin Receptor Mutations
Authors: Kushchayeva Yevgeniya S , Startzell Megan , Cochran Elaine , Auh Sungyoung , Sekizkardes Hilal , Soldin Steven J , Kushchayev Sergiy V , Dieckmann William , Skarulis Monica , Abdul Sater Zahraa , Brychta Robert J , Cypess Aaron M , Lin Tzu-Chun , Lightbourne Marissa , Millo Corina , Brown Rebecca J
Published: October 2019

Context

Patients with mutations of the insulin receptor gene (INSR) have extreme insulin resistance and are at risk for early morbidity and mortality from diabetes complications. A case report suggested that thyroid hormone could improve glycemia in INSR mutation in part by increasing brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and volume.

Objective

To determine if thyroid hormone increases tissue glucose uptake and improves hyperglycemia in INSR mutation.

Design

Single-arm, open-label study of liothyronine.

Setting

National Institutes of Health.

Participants

Patients with homozygous (n = 5) or heterozygous (n = 2) INSR mutation.

Intervention

Liothyronine every 8 hours for 2 weeks (n = 7); additional 6 months’ treatment in those with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) > 7% (n = 4).

Outcomes

Whole-body glucose uptake by isotopic tracers; tissue glucose uptake in muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT) and BAT by dynamic [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography; HbA1c.

Results

There was no change in whole-body, muscle, or WAT glucose uptake from baseline to 2 weeks of liothyronine. After 6 months, there was no change in HbA1c (8.3 ± 1.2 vs 9.1 ± 3.0%, P = 0.27), but there was increased whole-body glucose disposal (22.8 ± 4.9 vs 30.1 ± 10.0 µmol/kg lean body mass/min, P = 0.02), and muscle (0.7 ± 0.1 vs 2.0 ± 0.2 µmol/min/100 mL, P < 0.0001) and WAT glucose uptake (1.2 ± 0.2 vs 2.2 ± 0.3 µmol/min/100 mL, P < 0.0001). BAT glucose uptake could not be quantified because of small volume. There were no signs or symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

Conclusion

Liothyronine administered at well-tolerated doses did not improve HbA1c. However, the observed increases in muscle and WAT glucose uptake support the proposed mechanism that liothyronine increases tissue glucose uptake. More selective agents may be effective at increasing tissue glucose uptake without thyroid hormone–related systemic toxicity.

Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT02457897; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02457897.
From Sanctuary to Civil Disobedience
Authors: Young Elliott
Published: October 2019

Sanctuary for immigrant students was an effective mobilizing strategy for universities and colleges in the wake of Donald Trump’s election. At Lewis & Clark College in Portland, Oregon, a group of faculty organized a Civil Disobedience Workshop in the spring semester to help students, faculty, staff, and community members think through past and present examples of civil disobedience. Organized as a democratic workshop, each week was devoted to a different aspect of civil disobedience, from the philosophical underpinnings of the idea to examples of civil disobedience around the world, in Portland and on our own campus. The effort to create a democratic learning space outside of the hierarchical structures of the college was a primary goal of this experiment. The lightning-fast mobilization around sanctuary campuses provided both the inspiration and the organizing basis for the genesis of this workshop.
Lateral root formation involving cell division in both pericycle, cortex and endodermis is a common and ancestral trait in seed plants
Authors: Xiao Ting Ting , van Velzen Robin , Kulikova Olga , Franken Carolien , Bisseling Ton
Published: October 2019

Studies on the model plant Arabidopsis have led to the common view that lateral roots are exclusively formed from pericycle cells and that the latter are unique in their ability to be reprogrammed into stem cells. By analysing lateral root formation in an evolutionary context, we show that lateral root primordium formation in which cortex, endodermis and pericycle are mitotically activated, is a common and ancestral trait in seed plants, whereas the exclusive involvement of pericycle evolved in the Brassicaceae. Further, also the endodermis can be reprogrammed into stem cells in some species.
Collaboration, Interruptions, and Changeover Times: Workflow Model and Empirical Study of Hospitalist Charting
Authors: Gurvich Itai , O’Leary Kevin J. , Wang Lu , Van Mieghem Jan A.
Published: October 2019

Problem definition: Collaboration is important in services but may lead to interruptions. Professionals exercise discretion on when to preempt individual tasks to switch to collaborative tasks. Academic/practical relevance: Discretionary task switching can introduce changeover times when resuming the preempted task and, thus, can increase total processing time. Methodology: We analyze and quantify how collaboration, through interruptions and discretionary changeovers, affects total processing time. We introduce an episodal workflow model that captures the interruption and discretionary changeover dynamics—each switch and the episode of work it preempts—present in settings in which collaboration and multitasking is paramount. A simulation study provides evidence that changeover times are properly identified and estimated without bias. We then deploy the model in a field study of hospital medicine physicians: “hospitalists.” The hospitalist workflow includes visiting patients, consulting with other caregivers to guide patient diagnosis and treatment, and documenting in the patient’s medical chart. The empirical analysis uses a data set assembled from direct observation of hospitalist activity and pager-log data. Results: We estimate that a hospitalist incurs a total changeover time during documentation of five minutes per patient per day. Managerial implications: This estimate represents a significant 20% of the total processing time per patient: caring for 14 patients per day, our model estimates that a hospitalist spends more than one hour each day on changeovers. This provides evidence that task switching can causally lead to longer documentation time.
EXCESSO DE PESO EM GESTANTES ACOMPANHADAS EM UNIDADES DE SAÚDE DE COLOMBO, PARANÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Manera Fernanda , Hofelmann Doroteia Aparecida
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de excesso de peso na gestação e identificar sua associação com variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, antecedentes obstétricos e excesso de peso pré-gestacional em gestantes usuárias de unidades de saúde de Colombo, Paraná. Metodologia: A coleta de dados aconteceu por meio da aplicação de questionário, entre abril e novembro de 2016. Participaram do estudo 316 gestantes com idade entre 18 e 46 anos. Resultados: A prevalência de excesso de peso gestacional foi de 46,2%. Na análise ajustada, a prevalência do desfecho foi maior nas gestantes entre 20 e 34 anos (RP 1,72;IC95%1,04-2,83) e acima de 35 anos (RP 2,08;IC95%1,18-3,66), maior paridade (três ou mais gestações - RP 1,47;IC95%1,04-2,09) e com excesso de peso pré-gestacional (RP 5,09;IC95%3,63-7,14). Entre as fumantes, a prevalência foi menor (RP 0,45;IC95%0,23-0,89). Conclusão: Acompanhar o peso pré-gestacional e o ganho de peso gestacional é de grande importância para a atenção primária e é recomendável que as mulheres estejam com o peso adequado antes da gestação.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2019.36842
A percepção de mulheres sobre a menstruação: uma questão de solidariedade
Authors: Vargens Octavio Muniz da Costa , Marinho Diana Da Silva , Silva Alexandra Celento Vasconcellos da , Oliveira Zulmerinda Meira
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: descrever a experiência de mulheres em relação à menstruação. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo baseado no método de análise de conteúdo temática. O cenário foi o campus de uma universidade pública no Rio de Janeiro. Participaram 23 mulheres entre 20 e 72 anos de idade. Os dados foram obtidos entre julho/2015 e julho/2016 através da entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: foi identificada, como tema central/categoria, a questão da solidariedade entre mulheres quando o assunto é menstruação. Emergiram quatro sub-categorias: A conexão das mulheres com a menstruação; A experiência de menstruar afetando umas às outras; A influência e o suporte proveniente das mães e/ou de outras mulheres; e A transferência. Conclusão: a menstruação causa sentimentos ambíguos nas mulheres, resultando em predomínio de sentimentos negativos, como medo e sensação de vergonha. Ao mesmo tempo pode ser percebida como motivo de felicidade e tranquilidade. A solidariedade entre mulheres pode influenciar positivamente a percepção da mulher sobre a menstruação, sendo elemento de empoderamento.
O que o passado tem a nos ensinar sobre a Influenza?
Authors: Neto Mercedes , Porto Fernando
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: apresentar narrativa dos acontecimentos históricos sobre a epidemia de Influenza e suas interfaces com a saúde pública e enfermagem. Conteúdo: destaca-se a cultura, e os modos de ver a história ao longo dos anos para compreensão do comportamento epidemiológico da Influenza no Brasil, suas epidemias e o que se apreendeu e construiu após 100 anos cuidando e estudando sobre este agravo durante as epidemias que ocorreram no Brasil. Conclusão: entender que a imunização é a estratégia mais eficaz no controle de doenças transmissíveis e, no caso da Influenza, como imunobiológico potente, deve ser o legado apreendido das grandes epidemias deste agravo, mas também, a vigilância e educação em saúde das populações para tal, principalmente com foco nos movimentos antivacinas.
O trabalho e o estado de humor de funcionários de uma universidade pública
Authors: Oliveira Felipe José Sousa , Almeida Letícia Yamawaka de , Oliveira Jaqueline Lemos de , Almeida Lilian Carla de , Souza Jacqueline De
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: descrever as características do trabalho e o estado de humor de funcionários de uma Universidade Pública. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal desenvolvido num campus universitário no interior do estado de São Paulo com 111 trabalhadores, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob o protocolo 2.170.360. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se um questionário socioeconômico e Escala de Humor de BRUMS. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes era de meia idade, trabalhavam nos setores administrativo/financeiro, com jornada de trabalho de 30 horas semanais e tempo de serviço até 10 anos. Identificaram-se altos níveis de humor positivo, sobretudo no fator vigor. Observou-se também níveis consideráveis dos estados emocionais ansioso e preocupado. Conclusão: embora a maioria dos participantes apresentasse altos níveis de humor positivo, identificou-se que cerca de 40% dos trabalhadores apresentaram altos escores nos itens relacionados à ansiedade e preocupação, que compõem o fator tensão da Escala de Humor de BRUMS.
An introduction to proton beam therapy
Authors: Barker Claire , Lowe Matthew , Radhakrishna Ganesh
Published: October 2019

Radiotherapy is a highly effective anti-cancer treatment commonly used alongside systemic therapies and surgery to achieve long-term cancer-free survival. Conventional radiotherapy uses photon beams to deliver a high dose of radiation to the tumour volume to eradicate cancer cells. This has to be offset against the irradiation of surrounding normal tissues, as increasing this dose causes more treatment-related toxicity. In August 2018, the NHS's first high energy proton beam therapy centre opened at The Christie NHS Foundation Trust in Manchester. A second NHS centre is scheduled to open in 2020 at the University College London Hospitals NHS Trust. Proton beam therapy may offer dosimetric advantages compared to conventional radiotherapy as a result of its characteristic dose deposition – proton beams deliver a comparatively higher proportion of their dose to the target volume relative to normal tissues, without significant exit doses when compared to conventional photon therapy. Therefore proton beam therapy may be indicated for certain tumours situated next to critical organs or in the paediatric population where quality of life and the reduction of secondary effects from radiation are particularly significant. The indications for proton beam therapy and patient outcomes after treatment will be carefully monitored and evaluated in order to provide a robust evidence base for its use.
Plasma in aesthetic medicine: benefits and considerations
Authors: McGloin Claudia
Published: October 2019

In aesthetic medicine, plasma can successfully treat scarring, stretch marks, acne, dyskeratosis, xanthelasma, warts, verrucae, naevi, fibromas, seborrhoeic keratosis and a host of other skin lesions. For most patients, the most exciting revolution in plasma technology is non-surgical blepharoplasty. There are so many plasma or fibroblast devices on the market that vary in price and are marketed at both medics and non-medics, but what exactly is plasma? This article will discuss what plasma is, as well as exploring the indications for use, complications that come with this device and how to treat the upper eyelid.
A holistic approach to injectable skinboosters
Authors: Hall Bethany
Published: October 2019

Non-surgical cosmetic procedures have been undertaken for a number of years. It is fair to say that, in this time, there has been a notable difference in the way that treatment plans are approached by practitioners. This is most prevalent in more recent years, when the decision to treat patient concerns in isolation has moved to a holistic, full-face approach, taking into account not only the key concern that has brought the patient to a clinic, but other significant issues that may require carefully addressing, such as overall skin health and quality.
Assessment of Biceps Muscle Functional Recovery as a Predictor of Outcome in Neonatal Brachial plexus Palsy
Authors: Atta Youssef Hala , Ahmed Mohamed Amira , Mohamed Azmy Ashraf , Mikael Morcos William , R. Youness Eman
Published: October 2019

Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy is a traction lesion of a part of the brachial plexus during delivery. According to the World Health Organization, prevalence is generally 1-2% worldwide. The aim of the study is to assess the time interval to biceps muscle functional recovery in relation to outcome in neonatal brachial plexus palsy. This study was conducted on 60 neonates admitted to the department of neonatal intensive care unit and outpatient follow up clinic of El Galaa Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt with neonatal brachial plexus palsy. All cases were subjected to full history tasking, assessment of gestational age, thorough clinical examination, physical and neurologic examination of the affected upper extremity function including; motor assessment of biceps muscle by medical research council for grading muscle activity. Our results showed that C5-C6 injury was found in 42 patients (70%), C5-C6-C7 affection in 15 patients (25%) and three patients (5%) had total injury without associated Horner's syndrome. Motor assessment of biceps muscle activity at time of delivery revealed, that 10 patients (16.7%) had M0- grade, 34 patients (56.7%) had M1 grade and 16 patients (26.7%) had M2 grade. We conclude that majority of patients with neonatal obstetrical brachial plexus palsy had spontaneous recovery with normal function in the first three months of life. The time interval to biceps muscle recovery is an important prognostic factor in neonatal obstetrical brachial plexus palsy, as its failure to recover anti-gravity biceps function by 3 to 6 months of age is a poor prognostic sign.
Culture-negative periprosthetic joint infections
Authors: Palan Jeya , Nolan Ciaran , Sarantos Kostas , Westerman Richard , King Richard , Foguet Pedro
Published: October 2019

Culture-negative periprosthetic joint infections (CN-PJI) pose a significant challenge in terms of diagnosis and management. The reported incidence of CN-PJI is reported to be between 7% and 15%. Fungi and mycobacterium are thought to be responsible for over 85% of such cases with more fastidious bacteria accounting for the rest. With the advent of polymerase chain reaction, mass spectrometry and next generation sequencing, identifying the causative organism(s) may become easier but such techniques are not readily available and are very costly. There are a number of more straightforward and relatively low-cost methods to help surgeons maximize the chances of diagnosing a PJI and identify the organisms responsible. This review article summarizes the main diagnostic tests currently available as well as providing a simple diagnostic clinical algorithm for CN-PJI.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:585-594. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180067
Boas Práticas Educacionais sob a perspectiva dos Critérios de Excelência do PNQ
Authors: Bernardino Débora , Zotes Luis Perez
Published: October 2019

Diante da necessidade de se avaliar continuamente a qualidade da Educação do Brasil e especialmente em escolas de gestão pública, optou-se por utilizar como parâmetro o Prêmio Nacional de Qualidade (PNQ) por seus critérios de excelência possuir estreita relação com as Boas Práticas da educação. A metodologia está apoiada em uma pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória e documental, utilizando-se dissertações e teses, anais de congressos, artigos do portal CAPES, incluindo a análise de uma pesquisa survey efetuada com 96 respondentes e na modelagem de um estudo de caso em uma escola de gestão pública do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Ao final do artigo apresenta-se a percepção dos atores da educação, professores e alunos, quanto às boas práticas em seus níveis de importância e ocorrência, e é possível diagnosticar que os dois segmentos percebem a importância das Boas Práticas Educacionais, mas sentem a sua ausência, na maioria dos requisitos apresentados, no cotidiano de suas atividades.
A observação do cotidiano escolar na práxis formativa
Authors: Conte Elaine , Habowski Adilson Cristiano , Branco Lilian Soares Alves , Rios Míriam Benites
Published: October 2019

O trabalho apresenta algumas reflexões extraídas de uma experiência hermenêutica e etnográfica, cujo objetivo é compreender o complexo cotidiano escolar a partir das observações realizadas por graduandos de diferentes cursos de licenciatura em escolas de Canoas/RS, Brasil. Trata-se de uma investigação coletiva, desenvolvida no primeiro semestre de 2016, nas disciplinas de Didática e de Currículos e Programas. A partir de um roteiro preestabelecido verificou-se o Projeto Político Pedagógico, a abordagem metodológica e o planejamento adotado pelos professores nas escolas, bem como os modelos educativos e as rotinas identificadas. O movimento dialético entre o cotidiano escolar e a formação universitária permitiu articular o ensino e a pesquisa, potencializando o exercício reflexivo da avaliação de contextos e da práxis. Com base nos relatos apresentados em aula foi possível discutir e reavaliar que as mudanças na educação passam pelo engajamento social e pelo reconhecimento dos contextos pedagógicos como forma de aproximar a formação acadêmica das perplexidades, tensões e contradições da práxis.
O projeto temático “Química e Energia em Prol de um Desenvolvimento Sustentável”: apontamentos iniciais
Authors: Adams Fernanda Welter , Alves Scarlet Dandara Borges , Santos Dayane Graciele dos , Nunes Simara Maria Tavares
Published: October 2019

O uso de metodologias diferenciadas permite tornar as aulas de Química mais atrativas e promover melhorias no processo ensino / aprendizagem. Assim, buscando propiciar a construção ativa do conhecimento, as bolsistas do subprojeto de Química do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) da Universidade Federal de Goiás / Regional Catalão (UFG / RC) desenvolveram o Projeto Temático “Química e Energia em prol de um desenvolvimento sustentável”. Uma das atividades propostas foi a elaboração / desenvolvimento de aulas contextualizadas / problematizadas denominadas “Sensibilização”. Estas abordaram a temática “Energia e Sustentabilidade” e o foco das aulas foi a conscientização para o uso de Energias Sustentáveis. Assim, buscou-se propiciar a formação de sujeitos ativos na construção do conhecimento. A análise quantitativa foi utilizada a fim de avaliar o impacto deste projeto na formação dos alunos, tendo os questionários como instrumento de coleta de dados. Avalia-se que as aulas contextualizadas serviram como metodologia facilitadora do processo ensino/aprendizagem, pois permitiram que os alunos vivenciassem atividades as quais lhes propiciaram uma formação autônoma e crítica. Assim, sugere-se que sejam trabalhadas mais atividades desse tipo, cuja contextualização do conhecimento através de uma problemática real e atual possa ajudar na tão almejada formação cidadã.
Nociones matemáticas (masa y volumen) de niños con Síndrome de Down
Authors: López-Mojica J. Marcos , Noriega García Argentina E. , Martínez Hernández Cesar
Published: October 2019

Recientes investigaciones han documentado que personas con Síndrome de Down pueden desarrollar un conocimiento matemático; sin embargo, el problema radica en que son pocas las que indagan en los procesos cognitivos asociados a ese conocimiento. El documento concierne a un proyecto de investigación que se interesó por analizar las características del pensamiento matemático de niños con discapacidad. De manera particular se examinan los esquemas compensatorios que permiten un acercamiento a las tareas matemáticas por parte de niños con síndrome de Down. El objetivo fue establecer un marco de referencia que permita a los docentes el diseño de actividades de enseñanza sobre conceptos matemáticos y promover una inclusión educativa. Los elementos teóricos conciernen a tres ejes rectores para la investigación en educación especial: epistemológico, cognitivo y social. La investigación cualitativa se desarrolló en tres fases, aquí se expone una caracterización del desempeño de niños con síndrome de Down en tareas sobre peso y volumen, bajo el método de la entrevista individual semiestructurada. De los resultados: en la parte matemática se tiene acercamiento a nociones de conteo, cantidad, repartición, conservación, comparación y reproducción; en la parte cognitiva, uso de esquemas compensatorios visual y motriz, la atención y la imitación para las nociones matemáticas anteriores.
Aprendizagem ao longo da vida, conhecimento e habilidades estratégicas: abordagens conceituais no contexto da colaboração científica entre Brasil e Itália
Authors: Di Rienzo Paolo , Sommerhalder Aline , Margottini Massimo , La Rocca Concetta
Published: October 2019

Este ensaio pretende apresentar abordagens sobre a definição dos conceitos de aprendizagem ao longo da vida, conhecimentos e competências, a partir de uma revisão de literatura, com contribuições, entre outros, de Dewey, Bruner, Freire, Schon e Tardif. A partir da análise teórica realizada por pesquisadores italianos e um pesquisador brasileiro, por meio de seus centros/laboratórios de pesquisa, e do acordo de colaboração internacional entre as universidades brasileiras e italianas, este texto aborda, com base na literatura científica, os termos-chave que sustentam a estudos realizados. Dos argumentos expressos, surge a posição comum sobre o conceito de aprendizagem ao longo da vida ou aprendizagem ao longo da vida, que considera a abordagem humanística e a valorização de experiências de diferentes contextos como a família e a escola (em particular o básico e superior). Nessa perspectiva, a aproximação semântica entre os conceitos de competência e conhecimento também é destacada, reconhecida e valorizada como elementos fundamentais para o processo de aprendizagem e para o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico e reflexivo, e consequentemente transformador em relação aos problemas e aos desafios cotidianos. da vida. Essa contribuição fortalece a rede de pesquisa conjunta, com o objetivo de aprimorar o conhecimento teórico para subsidiar o desenvolvimento de pesquisas na área educacional, além dos muros acadêmicos brasileiros ou italianos.
Intellectual development of children with congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Filimonova N. A. , Shilin D. Ye. , Pechora O. L. , Andreichenko A. P. , Kasatkina E. P.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the study was to search for causes that exert a negative effect on the mental development of patients with con­genital hypothyroidism (CH). A total of 85 children aged 5-17 years (65 patients with CH and 20 healthy individuals of the same age from their families) were examined. Their mental de­velopment was assessed by the D. Veksler test in the presence of clinical and hormonal compensation. The results have demon­strated that the start of therapy at month 1 of life provides high adaptive capacities and results in the normal level of mental development in children with CH (the mean IQ, 103±4 scores). The adequacy of the therapy performed also affects the mental development of patients with CH in future: children with normal intellect (IQ > 90 scores) received adequate hormonal replace­ment therapy within the first year of life in 90% of cases whereas hormonal compensation within the first year of life was noted only in 38% of the children with borderline intellectual deficiency (IQ = 70-89 scores). Perinatal pathology was more frequently de­tected in children with mental retardation: in children with oli­gophrenia and those with normal intellect, their maternal path­ological pregnancy was observed in 56 and 22%, respectively. Birth asphyxia was noted in 33% versus 15%. Familial and so­cialfactors played a role (but not decisive) in the formation of the intellectual level of a child with CH. It is concluded that the time of initiation and the adequacy of therapy play the leading role in the formation of intellect. The authors 'findings show it necessary to optimize a follow-up system for children with CH: a stricter clinical and hormonal monitoring of patients by an endocrinol­ogist and consulting of children with CH by a neurologist and a medical psychologist from their infancy.
Children’s health under the conditions of goiter endemia in Yaroslavl
Authors: Shubina Ye. V. , Chernaya N. L. , Aleksandrov Yu. K. , Mozzhukhina L. I.
Published: October 2019

A comprehensive examination (study of the specific features of health, adaptive processes, and the thyroid status) was made in 159 children aged 8-12 years who lived in areas exposed to a combination of geochemical and man-made environmental factors. The schoolchildren with endemic thyroid enlargement were found to show a higher prevalence of chronic somatic diseases, abnormalities in physical development, and a significant strain of adaptive processes. The epidemiological features of goiter endemia point to the complicated pathogenesis of thyromegaly in children upon combined exposure to man-made and geochemical factors, which is caused not only by iodine deficiency, but also by additional antithyroid factors. This shows it necessary to apply a comprehensive approach to implementing preventive antigoiter measures not only to eliminate iodine deficiency, but also to correct additional strumogenic exposures existing in the region.
Neurological disorders in endocrine diseases
Authors: Solun M. N. , Kalinin A. P. , Kotov S. V.
Published: October 2019

The publication of the peer-reviewed monograph can be considered as an event in the scientific life, which is of particular importance for representatives of two medical specialties: neurology and endocrinology
Diagnostic value of redox leukocyte enzymes in postmenopausal osteopenia
Authors: Dreval A. V. , Marchenkova L. A. , Kuznetsova O. P. , Onoprienko G. A. , Shumsky V. I. , Komissarova I. A. , Narcissov Y. R. , Tishenin R. S. , Gudkova Yu. V. , Kondrasheva T. T. , Soldatenkova T. D.
Published: October 2019

Activities of redox enzymes of peripheral blood leukocytes is studied in patients with postmenopausal osteopenia. Neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MP), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lymphocyte succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and succinate.cytochrome C oxyreductase (SCOR) activities were measured by the cytochemical method. Densitometric examinations of 49 postmenopausal women without risk of secondary osteoporosis revealed osteoporosis in 15 (31%)) and osteopenia in 24 (49%)); in 10 (20%o) mineral compactness of bones was normal. AP and SDH activities were increased and SCOR and MP activities normal in patients with osteopenia. Changes in the activities of AL and SDH in subjects with different duration of the postmenopausal period indicate that the main factor affecting the activities of these enzymes was osteopenia but not the duration of postmenopause or age. Significant correlations between enzyme values and mineral compactness of the spine were the most numerous during the first three years of postmenopause, and therefore changes in leukocyte enzyme activities are apparently not caused by inflammations associated with chronic macroand microfractures of the vertebrae but by osteopenia. The detected specific correlation between enzyme activities and localization of the pathological process in certain segments of the skeleton permits us to propose that leukocyte AL and SDH values may serve as criteria for optimal choice of skeletal area for subsequent densitometry or x-ray examination.
Diabetes mellitus and concomitant depressions
Authors: Surkova Ye. V. , Drobizhev M. Yu. , Melnikova O. G. , Zakharchuk T. A. , Dedov I. I.
Published: October 2019

The fact that there is a high prevalence of depressions among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is well known. However, the relationships between the nosological entities of depressions and the clinical characteristics of DM are little studied. The study was undertaken to search for such relationships. A hundred and fifty outpatients with DM (out of them 38 males, Type 2 DM was diagnosed in 102 patients) the median age was 54.0 years (25 and 75 percentiles: 43.0-61.5), the median duration of diabetes was 7.2years (2.0-15.0); the median level of HbAlc was 8.6% (7.49.7%). Depression was revealed in 50 (33%) patients. Their comparison with patients without depression indicated that there was no association with the main clinical characteristics of MD (the type and duration of the disease, the prevalence of acute and chronic complications, insulin therapy). At the same time, a comparison of three groups of patients with the major clinical forms (nosogenic, cyclothymic, and dysthymic) of diagnosed depression by using x2 revealed the following associations: between DM-1 and cyclothymic depression and between DM-2 and nosogenic and dysthymic depression (р = 0.01). Cyclothymic and dysthymic depression showed no associations with clinical characteristics of DM. The prevalence of nosogenic depression was significantly higher in patients with a history of second-three grade diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.02), arterial hypertension (p = 0.001), proteinuria (p = 0.02), myocardial infarction (p = 0.04), and foot ulcerative defects (p = 0.04). The results show that nosogenic depression are mental responses to the severe course of DM, namely to the severity of micro- and macrovascular complications. The associations between the types of DM and the clinical types of depression -cyclothymia and dysthymia - await further study. Overall general predisposition may be discussed as a possible explanation.
The effect of separate and combined use of t-activin and a-tocopherol on the course of experimental diabetes mellitus
Authors: Novikov V. I. , Molotkov O. V. , Podcheko A. P. , Isaev S. A. , Titarchuk O. V.
Published: October 2019

Effects of T-activin and a-tocopherol alone and together on lipid peroxidation (LPO) and carbohydrate metabolism are studied in rats with streptosotocin diabetes (male rats, n=102). Antioxidative activity of T-activin is compatible to that of a.-tocopherol. The antioxidative effect of combined therapy with both agents is more expressed than of monotherapy. T-activin normalized LPO and glycaemic values and increased blood plasma insulin level, which can be regarded as the onset of reparative regeneration of insulin-producing cells; v.-tocopherol did not notably increase the level of insulin or normalize blood glucose level. Thus, T-activin is characterized by a wider spectrum of therapeutic effects in experimental diabetes than a tocopherol.
Epidemiological examination of the population of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the regions of the Moscow region (based on a computer registry)
Authors: Dreval A. V. , Misnikova I. V. , Redkin Yu. A. , Golubeva L. B. , Shakhidova L. A.
Published: October 2019

Diabetes mellitus register in the Moscow region is created within the framework of the National Register of Russia in 1994. Two districts of the Moscow region served as the model for the register: the Mytischi district and the town of Roshal. The register of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) includes 1542 patients. The prevalence of IDDM in the Mytischi district is 622.8, in Roshal 1828/100,000. IDDM of obesity is responsible for 33.1%) cases in Roshal and 44.6%) in the Mytischi district. A high percentage of IDDM patients have excessive body weight. The prevalence of late complications of diabetes is much higher in Roshal, where the percentage of patients with retinopathy is very high (89%). High incidence of retinopathy among patients with newly detected diabetes may be regarded as an evidence of late diagnosis of the disease. Collection of reliable information requires special training of endocrinologists, therapists, and other specialists involved in work with diabetes mellitus registers; they should be trained to fill in the information charts and use strictly determined classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
Altered lipid peroxidation and antioxidative plasma activity in patients with severe diffuse toxic goiter
Authors: Rodionova T. I. , Kostenko M. A.
Published: October 2019

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidative plasma activity (APA) were examined in 96 female patients with severe diffuse toxic goiter (DTG, Graves "disease) whose age was 20 to 40years and in a control group of healthy individuals, matched by age. The patients with DTG were found to have enhanced LPO and APA (p < 0.05). There was a correlation between the degree of impaired APA and the incidence of some symptoms of DTG, primarily the signs of cardiovascular lesion. Clear relationships were found between the duration of DTG and the status of LPO and APA. All the patients were divided into 3 groups. In addition to the conventional therapy, trimethasidine, 60 mg/day, was given to Group 1 patients (n = 32) for a month. Group 2patients (n = 34) took a-tocopherol for a month. Group 3 patients (n - 30) received the routine thyrostatic therapy with mercaptoimidazole drugs. The use of drugs with antioxidative mechanism of action was found to result in the normalization of the levels of LPO products and APA in patients with DTG and to ensure earlier disappearance of the clinical signs of cardiovascular lesion than in the controls. Trimethasidine showed an earlier effect (on the average, by 3-4 weeks of therapy) than did a-tocopherol.
Are new diagnostic criteria and classification of diabetes necessary?
Authors: Balabolkin M. I. , Kreminskaya V. M.
Published: October 2019

The issues of diagnosis and classification of diseases are given priority. This is understandable, since each classification reflects the level of our knowledge and ideas about the pathogenesis of the disease for a certain period of time. The classification of diseases, therefore, is a kind of tool that helps practitioners navigate the diverse clinical picture of the same disease and correctly conduct the diagnostic algorithm. Ultimately, the classification of the disease, based on current pathogenesis data, provides practical assistance to the doctor in matters of both diagnosis and therapeutic tactics of the disease.