bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary iron intake and its impact on osteopenia/osteoporosis
Authors: Liu Xin , An Jingjing
Published: July 2023

Background

Osteoporosis is a prevalent condition characterized by low bone density and increased risk of fractures, resulting in a significant healthcare burden. Previous research has suggested that serum ferritin levels may be related to the risk of developing osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary iron intake and the development of osteoporosis.

Methods

Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2005 and 2018, a total of 11,690 adults aged over 20 were evaluated. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements of the femoral neck and lumbar spine were used to assess osteoporosis and osteopenia. Dietary iron intake was determined using food intake interviews and the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies. Logistic regression models were applied to investigate the association between dietary iron consumption and osteopenia and osteoporosis.

Results

After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, compared with those who had the first quartile (Q1) of dietary iron intake, the odds ratio (OR) for osteopenia across the quartiles of dietary iron intake levels was 0.88 (95%CI: 0.79–0.98), 0.80 (95%CI: 0.72–0.89), and 0.74 (95%CI: 0.67–0.83) for Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively. And the OR for osteoporosis across the quartiles of dietary iron intake levels was 1.00, 0.77 (95%CI: 0.50–1.19), 0.54 (95%CI: 0.34–0.89), and 0.83 (95%CI: 0.54–1.29) for Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively. Notably, the observed association was significant among females but not males.

Conclusion

The risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis in females decreases with a moderate increase in dietary iron consumption. For females to preserve bone health, moderately increasing their dietary iron intake without overindulging should be seen as a key approach. Our study provides useful insights for developing dietary strategies to prevent and manage osteoporosis in vulnerable populations.
Patient-centred care attitudes and knowledge: a national study of BDS students in New Zealand
Authors: Guan Guangzhao , Mei Li , Yu Chuting , Tan Yue , Han Chengbing
Published: July 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes and knowledge towards patient-centred care among Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students in New Zealand.

Method

The study was a mixed methods cross-sectional national study of the BDS students in New Zealand. All 2021 BDS students at the New Zealand’s National Centre for Dentistry, New Zealand, were recruited in the study. The Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) questionnaire was used to evaluate the dental students’ attitudes and knowledge of patient centred care. The students’ perspectives on the BDS curriculum regarding patient-centred care were also collected. ANOVA and the Student’s T-test were used to compare the difference among the BDS years, gender, and background.

Results

A total of N = 277 (277/346; 80% response rate) students completed the study. Female students had higher scores than male students for sharing (difference = 0.19, 95% CI 0.04–0.34, P = 0.01), caring (difference = 0.15, 95% CI 0.01–0.29, P = 0.03) and PPOS (difference = 0.17, 95% CI 0.05–0.30, P < 0.01). Domestic students had higher scores than international students for caring (difference = 0.35, 95% CI 0.21–0.50, P < 0.01) and PPOS (difference = 0.22, 95% CI 0.08–0.35, P < 0.01). Three main themes of patient-centred care were extracted from the qualitative analysis of students’ perspectives: (1) Understanding of the concept of patient-centred care, (2) Perception of the importance of patient-centred care in dentistry, and (3) Perspective on the curriculum about patient-centred care.

Conclusion

Most dental students favoured a patient-centred approach. According to dental students, the patient-centred care component of their education should be increased.
Colonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species in healthy and sick pets: prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Miszczak Marta , Korzeniowska-Kowal Agnieszka , Wzorek Anna , Gamian Andrzej , Rypuła Krzysztof , Bierowiec Karolina
Published: July 2023

Background

The characterization of staphylococcal species that colonize pets is important to maintain animal health and to minimize the risk of transmission to owners. Here, the prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. and methicillin resistance was investigated in canine and feline isolates, and risk factors of staphylococcal colonization were determined. Pets were examined and separated into four groups: (1) healthy dogs, (2) healthy cats, and (3) dogs and (4) cats with clinical signs of bacterial infections of skin, mucous membranes, or wounds. Specimens were collected by a veterinary physician from six anatomic sites (external ear canal, conjunctival sacs, nares, mouth, skin [groin], and anus). In total, 274 animals (cats n = 161, dogs n = 113) were enrolled.

Results

Staphylococcus species were highly diverse (23 species; 3 coagulase-positive and 20 coagulase-negative species), with the highest variety in healthy cats (19 species). The most frequent feline isolates were S. felis and S. epidermidis, while S. pseudintermedius was the most prevalent isolate in dogs. Risk factors of staphylococcal colonization included the presence of other animals in the same household, medical treatment within the last year, and a medical profession of at least one owner. Methicillin resistance was higher in coagulase-negative (17.86%) compared to coagulase-positive (1.95%) staphylococci. The highest prevalence of methicillin-resistant CoNS colonization was observed in animals kept in homes as the most common (dogs and cats).

Conclusions

The association of methicillin-resistant CoNS colonization with animals most often chosen as pets, represents a high risk of transmission between them and owners. The importance of nosocomial transmission of CoNS was also confirmed. This information could guide clinical decisions during the treatment of veterinary bacterial infections. In conclusion, the epidemiologic characteristics of CoNS and their pathogenicity in pets and humans require further research.
Effective communications strategies to increase the impact of environmental health research
Authors: Fuoco Rebecca E. , Kwiatkowski Carol F. , Birnbaum Linda S. , Blum Arlene
Published: July 2023

Background

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are the subject of a growing body of research with the potential to positively impact public and ecological health. However, to effect positive change, findings must be communicated beyond the scientific community.

Objective

We sought to (a) evaluate the relationships between communications strategy, media attention, and scholarly citations of PFAS research and (b) offer guidance for researchers and communications professionals who would like to publicize future work and increase its impact.

Methods

We analyzed 273 peer-reviewed epidemiological studies on PFAS human health impacts with publication years 2018–2020, as collected by a pre-existing database. We investigated whether a press release was issued, open-access status, abstract and press release readability, timing of publication and press release distribution, journal impact factor, study type and sample size, statistical significance of finding(s), number of scholarly citations, and the Altmetric Attention Score (a measure of media attention).

Discussion

Of papers reporting a statistically significant association with health harm, those with a press release received 20 times more media attention (as assessed by Altmetric scores) than those that did not. However, only 6.2% of all papers and 7.8% of significant papers issued one. Among papers with a press release, media attention was positively correlated with better abstract and press release readability and speed in issuing the press release. Scholarly citations were positively correlated with media attention, presence of a press release, and open-access status.

Conclusion

Most papers with significant findings on PFAS are published without a press release and receive little or no media attention. This reduces the likelihood that important research is reaching the public and decisionmakers who can translate science into action. Issuing a press release and receiving media attention also appear to increase scholarly citations. We provide recommendations for authors to increase the reach and impact of future papers.
Clinical development of mRNA therapies against solid tumors
Authors: Wu Dawei , Hu Lingfeng , Wang Xin , Yu Yue , Jia Shuo-Peng , Huang Hui-Yao , Li Zi-Wei , Ma Jin-Feng , Zhu Hai-Bo , Tang Yu , Li Ning
Published: July 2023

The mRNA-based therapeutics have become the hot spot of biopharmaceutical industries in recent years. The landscape of this area is expanding from infectious disease to cancer, which needs to be summarized to provide data supports for industries and research institutions. Based on the Trialtrove database, a total of 108 clinical trials from 1999 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. We have demonstrated that the clinical development of mRNA therapies against solid tumors is still at an early stage. There are evolutions in delivery systems from the dendritic cell to the lipid-based platform and in encoding strategies from the fixed tumor antigens to the personalized neoantigens. The adjuvant or maintenance therapy and the combination treatment with checkpoint inhibitors are becoming the major clinical development orientation.
Involvement of lncRNAs in cancer cells migration, invasion and metastasis: cytoskeleton and ECM crosstalk
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad , Weiswald Louis-Bastien , Poulain Laurent , Denoyelle Christophe , Meryet-Figuiere Matthieu
Published: July 2023

Cancer is the main cause of death worldwide and metastasis is a major cause of poor prognosis and cancer-associated mortality. Metastatic conversion of cancer cells is a multiplex process, including EMT through cytoskeleton remodeling and interaction with TME. Tens of thousands of putative lncRNAs have been identified, but the biological functions of most are still to be identified. However, lncRNAs have already emerged as key regulators of gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional level to control gene expression in a spatio-temporal fashion. LncRNA-dependent mechanisms can control cell fates during development and their perturbed expression is associated with the onset and progression of many diseases including cancer. LncRNAs have been involved in each step of cancer cells metastasis through different modes of action. The investigation of lncRNAs different roles in cancer metastasis could possibly lead to the identification of new biomarkers and innovative cancer therapeutic options.
A shotgun metagenomic analysis of the fecal microbiome in humans infected with Giardia duodenalis
Authors: McGregor Brett A. , Razmjou Elham , Hooshyar Hossein , Seeger Drew R. , Golovko Svetlana A. , Golovko Mikhail Y. , Singer Steven M. , Hur Junguk , Solaymani-Mohammadi Shahram
Published: July 2023

Background

The mechanisms underlying the clinical outcome disparity during human infection with Giardia duodenalis are still unclear. In recent years, evidence has pointed to the roles of host factors as well as parasite’s genetic heterogeneity as major contributing factors in the development of symptomatic human giardiasis. However, it remains contested as to how only a small fraction of individuals infected with G. duodenalis develop clinical gastrointestinal manifestations, whereas the majority of infected individuals remain asymptomatic. Here, we demonstrate that diversity in the fecal microbiome correlates with the clinical outcome of human giardiasis.

Methods

The genetic heterogeneity of G. duodenalis clinical isolates from human subjects with asymptomatic and symptomatic giardiasis was determined using a multilocus analysis approach. We also assessed the genetic proximity of G. duodenalis isolates by constructing phylogenetic trees using the maximum likelihood. Total genomic DNA (gDNA) from fecal specimens was utilized to construct DNA libraries, followed by performing paired-end sequencing using the HiSeq X platform. The Kraken2-generated, filtered FASTQ files were assigned to microbial metabolic pathways and functions using HUMAnN 3.04 and the UniRef90 diamond annotated full reference database (version 201901b). Results from HUMAnN for each sample were evaluated for differences among the biological groups using the Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric test with a post hoc Dunn test.

Results

We found that a total of 8/11 (72.73%) human subjects were infected with assemblage A (sub-assemblage AII) of G. duodenalis, whereas 3/11 (27.27%) human subjects in the current study were infected with assemblage B of the parasite. We also found that the parasite’s genetic diversity was not associated with the clinical outcome of the infection. Further phylogenetic analysis based on the tpi and gdh loci indicated that those clinical isolates belonging to assemblage A of G. duodenalis subjects clustered compactly together in a monophyletic clade despite being isolated from human subjects with asymptomatic and symptomatic human giardiasis. Using a metagenomic shotgun sequencing approach, we observed that infected individuals with asymptomatic and symptomatic giardiasis represented distinctive microbial diversity profiles, and that both were distinguishable from the profiles of healthy volunteers.

Conclusions

These findings identify a potential association between host microbiome disparity with the development of clinical disease during human giardiasis, and may provide insights into the mechanisms by which the parasite induces pathological changes in the gut. These observations may also lead to the development of novel selective therapeutic targets for preventing human enteric microbial infections.

Graphical Abstract
Multiple Fra-1-bound enhancers showing different molecular and functional features can cooperate to repress gene transcription
Authors: Bejjani Fabienne , Evanno Emilie , Mahfoud Samantha , Tolza Claire , Zibara Kazem , Piechaczyk Marc , Jariel-Encontre Isabelle
Published: July 2023

Background

How transcription factors (TFs) down-regulate gene expression remains ill-understood, especially when they bind to multiple enhancers contacting the same gene promoter. In particular, it is not known whether they exert similar or significantly different molecular effects at these enhancers.

Results

To address this issue, we used a particularly well-suited study model consisting of the down-regulation of the TGFB2 gene by the TF Fra-1 in Fra-1-overexpressing cancer cells, as Fra-1 binds to multiple enhancers interacting with the TGFB2 promoter. We show that Fra-1 does not repress TGFB2 transcription via reducing RNA Pol II recruitment at the gene promoter but by decreasing the formation of its transcription-initiating form. This is associated with complex long-range chromatin interactions implicating multiple molecularly and functionally heterogeneous Fra-1-bound transcriptional enhancers distal to the TGFB2 transcriptional start site. In particular, the latter display differential requirements upon the presence and the activity of the lysine acetyltransferase p300/CBP. Furthermore, the final transcriptional output of the TGFB2 gene seems to depend on a balance between the positive and negative effects of Fra-1 at these enhancers.

Conclusion

Our work unveils complex molecular mechanisms underlying the repressive actions of Fra-1 on TGFB2 gene expression. This has consequences for our general understanding of the functioning of the ubiquitous transcriptional complex AP-1, of which Fra-1 is the most documented component for prooncogenic activities. In addition, it raises the general question of the heterogeneity of the molecular functions of TFs binding to different enhancers regulating the same gene.
A truthful dynamic combinatorial double auction model for cloud resource allocation
Authors: Li Qihui , Jia Xiaohua , Huang Chuanhe
Published: July 2023

Dynamic auction-based resource allocation models require little global price information, are decentralized and suitable for the distributed systems like cloud computing. For the cloud computing market, we proposed a Truthful Dynamic Combinatorial Double Auction (TDCDA) model to improve the social welfare and resource utilization. In our model, multiple cloud service providers and cloud users bid for various resources in a dynamic environment. We adopted a payment scheme to ensure truthfulness for all participants, which motivates bidders to reveal their true preferences. Since the combinatorial auction allocation with goal of economic efficiency is NP-hard, we developed a greedy mechanism to achieve the approximately efficient solution. Considering both parties’ interests and the resource scarcity, this model also ensures fairness and balances resource allocation. The proposed model is proven to be approximately efficient, incentive compatible, individually rational and budget-balanced. Simulation results show that the model not only achieves economic efficiency, but also improves resource allocation and meets resource needs for more cloud users.
Delivery and evaluation of simulations to promote authentic and meaningful engagement in childhood disability research
Authors: Micsinszki Samantha K. , Tanel Nadia L. , Kowal Julia , King Gillian , Menna-Dack Dolly , Chu Angel , Parker Kathryn , Phoenix Michelle
Published: July 2023

Background

In 2019, our interdisciplinary team of researchers, family members, and youth co-designed four simulation training videos and accompanying facilitation resources to prepare youth, family members, trainees, and researchers to build the knowledge and skills to engage in patient-oriented research (POR) authentically and meaningfully. Videos covered challenges in aspects of the research process including (1) forming a project team; (2) identifying project objectives and priorities; (3) agreeing on results; and (4) carrying out knowledge translation.

Methods

The purpose of the study was to deliver four simulation training videos across 2 two-hour facilitated workshops with researchers, trainees, and family partners. We evaluated whether the training videos and facilitated discussion of the simulations helped to improve knowledge and attitudes about authentic and meaningful partnership in research and self-perceived ability to engage in POR. An explanatory sequential two-phase mixed methods design was used. Phase 1 (quantitative) included two training workshops and a pre/post-training survey. Phase 2 (qualitative) included two qualitative focus groups. Results of each phase were analyzed separately and then combined during interpretation.

Results

Sixteen individuals (including researchers/research staff, trainees, family members, clinicians) took part in this research study. Overall, participants were highly receptive to the training, providing high scores on measures of acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility. While the training videos and facilitated discussion of the simulations were found to increase participants’ knowledge and ability to engage in authentic and meaningful POR, we found no significant change in attitude or intent. Recommendations about the simulation content and delivery were provided to inform for future use.

Conclusions

The simulations were found to be a positive and impactful way for collaborative research teams to build knowledge and ability to engage in authentic and meaningful POR. Recommendations for future work include covering different content areas with varying levels of nuance; and offering the training to stakeholders in a variety of roles, such as those higher-ranked academic positions.
Autoimmune-mediated astrocytopathy
Authors: Kinoshita Makoto , Okuno Tatsusada
Published: July 2023

Recently accumulating evidence identified the disease entity where astrocytes residing within the central nervous system (CNS) are the target of autoantibody-mediated autoimmunity. Aquaporin4 (AQP4) is the most common antigen to serve as astrocyte-targeted autoimmune responses. Here, in this review, the clinical and pathological aspects of AQP4-mediated astrocyte disease are discussed together with the pathogenic role of anti-AQP4 antibody. More recently, the mechanism of immune dysregulation resulting in the production of astrocyte-targeted autoantibody is also revealed, and the postulated hypothesis is discussed.
Postoperative Catatonia After Fentanyl, Hydromorphone, and Ketamine Administration in a Patient Taking Sertraline: A Case Report
Authors: Ketigian Laura A. , Kidambi Shantanu S.
Published: July 2023

Opioid-induced catatonia is underrecognized and poorly understood in the literature. An 81-year-old woman with chronic kidney disease stage III taking sertraline underwent surgery with general anesthesia, receiving fentanyl, hydromorphone, and ketamine. Postoperatively, she was unresponsive, rigid, and cataleptic with pinpoint pupils. Symptoms resolved with a naloxone infusion suggesting opioid-induced catatonia as the leading diagnosis. Differential diagnoses and etiologies discussed reveal a possible multifactorial catatonia mechanism involving opioids, ketamine, and serotonin. Anesthesiologists should consider these potential interactions when using opioids for management of vulnerable patients.
Physical Activity to Prevent the Age-Related Decline of Endogenous Pain Modulation
Authors: Naugle Kelly M. , Naugle Keith E. , Teegardin Monica , Kaleth Anthony S.
Published: July 2023

As humans age, the capacity of the central nervous system to endogenously modulate pain significantly deteriorates, thereby increasing the risk for the development of chronic pain. Older adults are the least physically active cohort of all age groups. We hypothesize that a sedentary lifestyle and decreased physical activity may contribute to the decline of endogenous pain modulation associated with aging.
Αξιολόγηση της συμβολής της γαλάζιας οικονομίας στην κοινωνική συνοχή και στη βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη των περιφερειών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης
Authors: Κατσούνης Ιωάννης
Published: July 2023

Κύριος στόχος της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η ανάπτυξη ενός συστήματος αξιολόγησης της συμβολής και των επιπτώσεων στρατηγικών/πολιτικών με ενσωμάτωση της χωρικής διάστασης, με τη χρήση της μεθόδου Sustainability Impact Assessment (SIA) και τη μετεξέλιξή της σε Sustainable Development Impact Assessment with Territorial Approach (SDIATA). Η περίπτωση της Ελλάδας μετά τη μακροχρόνια περίοδο λιτότητας, ύφεσης και δημοσιονομικής προσαρμογής, αλλά και την υγειονομική κρίση που ακολούθησε είναι ενδεικτική, καθώς καλείται να υιοθετήσει ένα καινούργιο παραγωγικό και αναπτυξιακό μοντέλο. Αυτό μπορεί να είναι οικονομικά βιώσιμο, αν στηριχτεί σε τομείς στους οποίους διαθέτει ανταγωνιστικό πλεονέκτημα όπως η θαλάσσια οικονομία έχοντας ταυτόχρονα γαλάζιο, φιλοπεριβαλλοντικό πρόσημο στοχεύοντας στην ικανοποίηση των Στόχων Βιώσιμης Ανάπτυξης (ΣΒΑ - SDGs). Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, πραγματοποιείται αξιολόγηση της στρατηγικής της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (ΕΕ) για τη Γαλάζια Οικονομία στην κοινωνική συνοχή και στη βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη μίας ελληνικής νησιωτικής Περιφέρειας. Ως μελέτη περίπτωσης επιλέχθηκε η Περιφέρεια Βορείου Αιγαίου λόγω των χαμηλών επιδόσεων της σε κοινωνικούς και οικονομικούς δείκτες (π.χ. ανεργία, ΑΕΠ, κίνδυνος φτώχειας και κοινωνικού αποκλεισμού κλπ.) σε εθνικό και ευρωπαϊκό επίπεδο. Η μέθοδος SDIATA συνδυάζει τη χρήση δευτερογενών δεδομένων με δείκτες που σχετίζονται με την κοινωνική συνοχή και τη βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη. Επιπλέον, στη μέθοδο ενσωματώνονται οι στάσεις και οι αντιλήψεις των πολιτών για τομείς και δραστηριότητες της Γαλάζιας Οικονομίας, καθώς και η εκτίμηση του βαθμού της κοινωνικής αποδοχής τους, στοιχεία που αποτελούν πρωτοτυπία της διατριβής. Υπό αυτό το πρίσμα πραγματοποιήθηκε έρευνα με τη χρήση ειδικού ερωτηματολογίου στα μέλη της Περιφερειακής Επιτροπής Διαβούλευσης (ΠεΔΒΑ) και του Περιφερειακού Συμβουλίου Βορείου Αιγαίου (ΠεΣΒΑ). Τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν ιεραρχήθηκαν και διαστασιοποιήθηκαν από ομάδα εμπειρογνωμόνων μέσω ερωτηματολογίου και διαβούλευσης, ώστε να μπορέσουν να λειτουργήσουν ως εργαλείο υποστήριξης λήψης αποφάσεων με βάση παραμέτρους οι οποίες σχετίζονται με τη βιωσιμότητα, την κοινωνική συνοχή και την κοινωνική αποδοχή και αφορούν τη Γαλάζια Οικονομία. Με αυτό το σύστημα υποστηρίζεται η λήψη αποφάσεων και ενισχύεται η εμπλοκή των τοπικών κοινωνιών στην υλοποίηση της στρατηγικής για τη βιώσιμη Γαλάζια Οικονομία, συνθήκη που έχει κριθεί απαραίτητη για την αποτελεσματικότητα της στρατηγικής, στο πλαίσιο της διακυβέρνησης, αλλά ακόμη δεν έχει επιτευχθεί.
Geographic distribution of conversion therapy prevalence in Canada. Findings from a national cross-sectional survey, 2020
Authors: Tiwana Amrit , Salway Travis , Schillaci-Ventura Julia , Watt Sarah
Published: July 2023

Background: Conversion therapy practices (CTPs) are discredited efforts that target lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, Two-Spirit, or other (LGBTQ2S+) people and seek to change, deny, or discourage their sexual orientation, gender identity, and/or gender expression. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of CTPs across Canadian provinces and territories and identify whether CTP bans reduce the prevalence of CTPs. Methods: We collected 119 CTPs from 31 adults (18+) in Canada who have direct experience with CTPs, know people who have gone to CTPs, or know of conversion therapy practitioners using a 2020 anonymous online survey. Mapping analysis was conducted using ArcGIS Online. CTP prevalence was compared between provinces/territories with and without bans using chi-square tests. Results: Three provinces and eleven municipalities had CTP bans. The prevalence of CTPs in provinces/territories with bans was 2.34 per 1,000,000 population (95% CI 1.65, 3.31). The prevalence of CTPs in provinces/territories without bans was 4.13 per 1,000,000 population (95% CI 3.32, 5.14). Accounting for the underlying population, provinces/territories with the highest prevalence of CTPs per 1,000,000 population were New Brunswick (6.69), Nova Scotia (6.50), and Saskatchewan (6.37). Conclusions: Findings suggest only 55% of Canadians were protected under CTP bans. The prevalence of CTPs in provinces/territories without bans was 1.76 times greater than provinces/territories with bans. CTPs are occurring in most provinces/territories, with higher prevalence in the west and the Atlantic. These findings and continued efforts to monitor CTP prevalence can help inform policymakers and legislators as society is increasingly acknowledging CTPs as a threat to the health and well-being of LGBTQ2S+ people.
Immune system and tumor microenvironment in early-stage breast cancer: different mechanisms for early recurrence after mastectomy and chemotherapy on ductal and lobular types
Authors: Andrianto Andreas , Sudiana I Ketut , Suprabawati Desak Gede Agung , Notobroto Hari Basuki
Published: July 2023

Background: The most common type of breast cancer is the ductal type (IDC), followed by lobular type (ILC). Surgery is the main therapy for early-stage breast cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy might be given to those at high risk of recurrence. Recurrence is still possible after mastectomy and chemotherapy and most often occurs in the first two years. We aimed to determine the mechanisms in early local recurrence in both types.

Methods: We used an observational method with a cross-sectional study design. The samples were patients with early-stage IDC and ILC, who underwent modified radical mastectomy (MRM) and got adjuvant chemotherapy with taxan and anthracycline base, and experienced recurrence in the first two years after surgery. The materials in this study were paraffin blocks from surgical specimens; we examined vimentin, α-SMA and MMP1, PDGF and CD95 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Data analysis was done using OpenEpi 3.0.1 and EZR. We used pathway analysis with linear regression.

Results: There were 25 samples with local recurrence and 25 samples without recurrence in the ductal type group. The lobular type group consisted of six subjects without recurrence and seven with recurrence. There were significant differences in the expression of vimentin (p = 0.000 and 0.021, respectively), PDGF (p = 0.000 and 0.002) and CD95 (p = 0.000 and 0.045) in ductal and lobular cancer types, respectively. MMP1 (p = 0.000) and α-SMA (p = 0.000) only showed a significant difference in the ductal type. The pathway analysis showed that in the ductal type, the mechanism of recurrence was enabled by two factors: α-SMA and CD95. Meanwhile, for the lobular type, the recurrence mechanism was through the CD95 pathway.

Conclusions: Local recurrence in early-stage IDC and ILC had different mechanisms.  These findings are expected to make cancer treatment in both types more focused and efficient.
Critical Analysis of ‘Aql and Brain in the Paradigm of the Qur’an and Neuroscience and Its Contribution to the Development of Islamic Education
Authors: Jailani Mohammad , Suyadi Suyadi , Kholis Nur , Huda Miftachul
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the meaning of nāṣiyah in Tafsir Salman from a neuroscience perspective. The development of neuroscience and Islamic education in this modern era is in line with the emergence of new findings, namely research about the meaning (nāṣiyah) in the Qur’an which some commentators define as “the crown” or in the neuroscience perspective behind the crown, namely the prefrontal cortex. The data of this research are sourced from literature studies through manual and digital searches, focusing on the Nāṣiyah interpretation paradigm in Surah Al-Alaq verses 15-16. The results of the study show that the meaning of nāṣiyah is identical to the meaning (forehead). In Salman's interpretation, what is meant by the crown is the brain, especially the prefrontal cortex. Therefore, nāṣiyah is a neurobiological trace of the brain in the Qur’an. The discovery of the concept of nāṣiyah as the neurobiological basis of the brain in the Qur’an will have broad implications for the development of the potential of ‘aql (reason) in Islamic education. The essence of Islamic education, one of which is the development of the potential of reason as a manifestation of brain function (nāṣiyah) in the Koran.
Ganhos e Perdas na Aposentadoria e a Intenção de Empreender de Servidores do Judiciário
Authors: Simões Fabrícia Prado , França Lucia Helena de Freitas Pinho , Martins Leonardo Fernandes
Published: July 2023

Este estudo objetivou identificar possíveis efeitos das atitudes em relação à aposentadoria e intenção de empreender. Participaram da pesquisa 162 servidores públicos do judiciário trabalhista, que responderem a um questionário on-line autoaplicável com escalas sobre intenção de empreender, perdas e ganhos na aposentadoria e potencial empreendedor. Um modelo de regressão múltipla hierárquica stepwise foi proposto para seleção do modelo inicial. Testes de mediação foram utilizados para testar as seguintes hipóteses: H1 - os ganhos percebidos frente a um novo começo na aposentadoria exerceriam influência positiva na intenção empreendedora; H2 - as perdas percebidas quanto aos aspectos tangíveis do trabalho exerceriam influência positiva na intenção empreendedora; H3 - Maiores níveis de oportunidade para empreender predizem maiores níveis de intenção empreendedora; e H4 - a oportunidade para empreender funcionaria como variável mediadora entre os ganhos percebidos de um novo começo e as perdas percebidas dos aspectos tangíveis do trabalho em relação ao desfecho da intenção empreendedora. Os resultados estatísticos foram satisfatórios para a amostra, corroborando as quatro hipóteses mencionadas. As atitudes positivas ou negativas sobre a aposentadoria possuem efeito sobre a intenção de empreender, sendo a oportunidade para empreender um mecanismo importante para este efeito.
3D zeros in electromagnetic fields
Authors: Vernon Alex J. , Dennis Mark R. , Rodríguez-Fortuño Francisco J.
Published: July 2023

We present a study of 3D electromagnetic field zeros, uncovering their
remarkable characteristic features and propose a classifying
framework. These are a special case of general dark spots in optical
fields, which sculpt light’s spatial structure into
matter-moving, information-rich vortices, escape the diffraction limit
for single-molecule imaging, and can trap particles for nanoscale
manipulation. Conventional dark spots are 2D in two aspects: localized
in a plane and having a non-zero out-of-plane field component. We
focus on non-paraxial fields, where 3D dark spots can exist non-stably
at fully localized points, making distinct imprints in the flux of
energy and momentum, and in the light’s polarization texture.
With this work, we hope to enhance current dark spot applications, or
inspire new ones impossible with lower-dimensional zeros.
Frequency noise of laser gyros
Authors: Mecozzi Antonio
Published: July 2023

Laser gyros are powerful tools used to test the predictions of the general theory of relativity. The precision of a measurement of the rotation rate with a laser gyro is limited by the frequency noise of the beat between two counterpropagating modes of a ring laser. The frequency noise of a single mode of a laser is limited by quantum mechanical constraints because it is related to the maximum precision with which the phase of a coherent state can be measured. If two modes are not correlated, the variance of the fluctuations of the difference of their frequencies is the sum of the variance of the frequency noise of the two modes. If the two modes are correlated, this result does not hold any longer. In this paper, we show that a laser gyro has mechanisms capable of dynamically locking the two modes together without forcing them to the same frequency. The lock of modes decouples the noise of the beat note from the frequency noise of the individual modes, thus allowing the realization of sub-shot noise laser gyros.
A detour in research through the gorge: Approaching human–nature connections with site-specific performance
Authors: Niemelä Riikka , Laulumaa Anna-Mari , Tupala Anna-Kaisa , Raatikainen Kaisa J.
Published: July 2023

This article examines the eligibility of a theatre-based method in transdisciplinary research into human–nature connectedness. We elaborate on a need to refine scientific tools with creative means of art to find novel ways to explore dimensions of human–nature relations unobtainable with conventional scientific methods. Over the past few decades, arts-based research (ABR) methods have gained more popularity in academic research as they offer opportunities to approach aspects previously neglected in science, such as embodied and sensory experience. In this article, we describe the study accomplished in the form of site-specific performance at a nature conservation area combined with qualitative research inquiry focusing on participants’ ideas and experiences of nature. We reflect on the benefits of combining art and science when aiming at a better understanding of the range of variegated ideas and conceptualizations behind human behaviour, and at gaining knowledge of topics that are complex and contradictory.
The role of individual organization of circadian rhythms in the formation of carbohydrate metabolism disorders
Authors: Nelaeva Yu. V. , Rymar O. D. , Petrov I. M. , Nelaeva A. A. , Yuzhakova A. E.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: In medical literature sources, there are data on the relationship of disorders of circadian rhythms (desynchronosis) with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Desynchronosis of circadian rhythms of glycemia can be triggered both by external factors (exposure to excessive artificial lighting in the evening, violation of the diet, «sleep-wake»), and internal — from the individual organization of circadian rhythms (chronotype). In this connection, there is an interest in the most detailed study of the influence of individual characteristics of the organization of circadian rhythms on the risk of developing T2DM. AIM: To characterize the individual organization of circadian rhythms in persons without carbohydrate metabolism disorders, with prediabetes and T2DM with obesity and BMI = 30.0–34.9 kg/m2.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Тhe Horn-Ostberg questionnaires were analyzed retrospectively in individuals with visceral obesity without carbohydrate metabolism disorders (n=40), with prediabetes (n=40) and T2DM (n=40). The results of the Horn-Ostberg test were compared with anamnestic anthropometric, laboratory parameters, nutrition diaries, daily rhythms of integral physiological indicators of carbohydrate and energy metabolism.

RESULTS: All study participants (n=120) were identical age 56,7 [52,2; 58,6] years, BMI 31.3 [30.7; 33.9] kg/m2, waist circumference (OW) in women 96.54 ± 1.35 cm in men 98.75 ± 2.61 cm Sex distribution: 73% women and 27% men. Persons with morning chronotype made up 24% (29 people), intermediate 63% (75 people) and evening 13% (16 people) . In the groups, the late time for the first breakfast was noted (without carbohydrate metabolism disorders 9:45h, prediabetes 9:31 and T2DM 10:00h), and 20% of the participants missed it (p<0.05). A larger amount of daily energy value was shifted to the afternoon (p<0.05). Late bedtime was observed in all groups: without carbohydrate metabolism disorders 22.50–00.29h, with prediabetes 22.30–00.29h and T2DM 22.45–00.29h with an increase in sleep duration in the prediabetes group (08.14h, 09.00h and 08.38h, respectively). In all groups, morning and evening chronotypes had correlations with the amplitude of the daily rhythm of glycemia (r=-0.7, p=0.002 and r=-0.6, p=0.035), basal body temperature (r=0.4, p=0.046 and r=-0.5, p<0.0001) and daily energy value (r=-0.6, p= 0.041 and r=-0.6, p=0.05), differing only in the strength of the relationship.

CONCLUSION: Thus, people with the morning and intermediate types of the morning chronotype, who organize a daily routine and nutrition that do not correspond to the individual characteristics of this given chronotype, can, along with people of the evening chronotype, become vulnerable in the context of the development of type 2 diabetes.
Modern understanding of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
Authors: Golodnikov I. I. , Rusyaeva N. V. , Nikonova T. V. , Kononenko I. V. , Shestakova M. V.
Published: July 2023

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) according to various sources is from 4 to 12% of all cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Its uniqueness lies in the simultaneous combination of autoantibodies to β-cells (characteristic of T1DM) and the possibility of treatment with oral hypoglycemic drugs (characteristic of T2DM) for at least 6 months. This is based on the pathogenesis common for T1DM and T2DM — the presence of an autoimmune reaction with the simultaneous involvement of adaptive and innate immunity, as well as, to a lesser extent, insulin resistance and a number of components of the metabolic syndrome. LADA has more in common with T1DM — the same stages in the development of the disease, from genetic predisposition to the undoubted development of insulin dependence, the difference lies in the duration of each of the periods and the age of manifestation. LADA is characterized by an older age of manifestation of 30–35 years and a slower rate of destruction of β-cells. This article presents data on the diagnosis, progress of LADA, its similarities and differences with other types of DM, and immunological features. The article also analyzes the modern approach to the treatment of patients with LADA and promising methods of treatment. The search for information was processing in published sources attached to the search engines PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, eLibrary.ru over the past 10 years. The following medical subject headings were used: latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2, immunology, pancreas, genetic, treatment in various combinations using OR and AND logical operators.
Detectıon of vısual-audıtory reactıon rates ın ındıvıduals wıth type 2 dıabetes mellıtus
Authors: Bilaloglu M. , Ergun A. , Altay F. P. , İyidir Ö. T. , Kızıltan E.
Published: July 2023

AIM: The primary purpose of our study was to understand the damage in the peripheral nerves of patients with diabetes and to determine the change in patients’ reaction rates and perceptions by the age groups, duration of diabetes, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c values, and compare these with those of the healthy individuals.

METHODS: This study was carried out at the Baskent University Hospital Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Outpatient Clinic. A total of 64 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and 64 healthy controls were included in the study. Finger tapping, visual, and auditory reaction time tests were performed on the subjects, respectively. The subjects’ fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels, and the duration of their diabetes were recorded. Analyses were performed using the SPSS version 25. Differences were considered statistically significant when the p-value is <0.05.

RESULTS: It was observed that the participants in the control group between the ages of 18-34 showed a faster reaction in all tests (p=0.01), but the difference in reaction rates in both groups decreased as the age increased. There were positive correlations between the duration of type 2 diabetes and the visual and auditory examination results (r= 0.69, p<0.05, r=0.52, p<0.05, respectively). There was also a positive correlation between the HbA1c (%) and the visual (r=0.97, p<0.05) examination results.

CONCLUSIONS: As the patients’ HbA1c levels and the time spent with type 2 diabetes increased, their reaction rate and perception skills decreased. Especially in the early stages of the disease, cognitive decline was observed to be rapid. It is thought that early diabetic control is significant.
Results of a 12-month follow-up of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after hospitalization with COVID-19: gliclazide MR use in the hospital and metabolic status at the posthospital stage
Authors: Nekrasova T. A. , Strongin L. G. , Belikina D. V. , Malysheva E. S. , Nekrasov A. A.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: The role of antidiabetic drugs in inpatient with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is usually considered in the context of target glycemiа maintaining. Except for insulin therapy sulfonylurea may be used in moderate COVID-19. The use of original gliclazide MR has advantages due to low risk of hypoglycemia and established cardio- and nephroprotective effects. But it is not clear whether the choice of antidiabetic drugs during hospitalization may affect patient’s condition in post-COVID period.

AIM:. To assess the 12-month dynamics of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with T2DM after hospitalization for COVID-19 considering the character of hypoglycemic therapy in the hospital and the use of gliclazide MR

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 12-month prospective study was performed; T2DM patients were observed after hospitalization for COVID-19. They received in hospital: 1) original gliclazide MR (Diabeton MR, n=20) and 2) insulin (control group, n=20). Changes in antidiabetic therapy, glycemic control and biochemical tests were assessed at baseline and after 3, 6, 12 months. RESULTS: In the main and control groups the intensification of T2DM therapy was observed: the proportion of patients without hypoglycemic drugs decreased within a year by 3.0 (p = 0.001) and 2.8 (p =0.010) times respectively. Mean HbA1c values,the dynamics of inflammation markers and transaminases in both groups were similar (p>0.05 at all visits). Blood creatinine was at baseline 82.9±18.67 and 120.9±45.52 µmol/l (p=0.010), after 3 months — 88.0±18.77 and 104, 5±17.99 µmol/l (p=0.024), after 6 months — 89.3±12.17 and 97.5±9.03 µmol/l (p=0.072), after 12 months — 86.7±10.50 and 93.9±16.76 µmol/l (p=0.16). According to the data obtained during «3 months» visit, the dose of original gliclazide MR was directly correlated with the improvement in renal function in terms of glomerular filtration rateGFR (R=0,59, р=0,010). In addition, there was a close-to-significance correlation between continued gliclazide MR at visit 3 and improvement in GFR at visit 6 (R=0.31, p=0.076).

CONCLUSION: The post-hospital period in patients with COVID-19 and T2DM was characterized by a tendency to hyperglycemia and increased need for hypoglycemic therapy. The use of original gliclazide MR by in patients with moderate COVID-19 and T2DM is appropriate and safe in terms of clinical and metabolic parameters dynamics during long-term post-hospital follow-up. When original gliclazide MR is continued during the post-hospital period its nephroprotective properties may contribute to the process of renal functions normalization which should be confirmed by further research.
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ): An update of the literature and instrumental study with schoolchildren
Authors:   Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Uruguay, Costa-Ball César Daniel , Cracco Cecilia ,   Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Uruguay, Cuadro Ariel ,   Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Uruguay, López García Juan José ,   Universidad de Murcia, Spain
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Considering the current controversy regarding the factorial structure of the SDQ, this paper aimed to analyse the dimensionality and reliability of the parents’ version for children from 4 to 16 years of age, and to present descriptive data according to sociodemographic variables. Method: The factor structure of the original five- and three-factor models, and the reliability of the SDQ were examined among a sample of 621 parents of Uruguayan children between 7 and 12 years of age (52% girls) from different socioeconomic levels. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses did not provide support for the five- and three-factor models. Data adjusted to three factors (prosociality, externalising symptoms, internalising symptoms) in an exploratory analysis with adequate reliability indices. Conclusions: The results of this study show the relevance of continued investigation of the SDQ internal structure, and further analysis of the behaviour of several of its items.
Visibilidad de la cultura afrocolombiana en el marco de la educación intercultural en la escuela: realidad, percepciones y desafíos
Authors: Valencia Moreno Wilman Alfredo , Sánchez Fontalvo Iván Manuel , Huertas Díaz Ómar
Published: July 2023

La cultura afrocolombiana ha sido una de las más golpeadas por el fenómeno del racismo y la discriminación social a lo largo de la historia de Colombia. Esta situación desafortunada, ha castigado a esta población mediante la invisibilización por parte del Estado y, en general, por toda la sociedad. Por esto, surge la inaplazable necesidad de realizar una investigación a nivel doctoral, en busca de generar aportes que permitan hacer visible la cultura afrocolombiana en la escuela para lograr mitigar o erradicar las prácticas discriminatorias y racistas que están presentes en la trivialidad de la vida cotidiana de los estudiantes pertenecientes a este colectivo sociocultural.El presente artículo se estructura en cuatro apartados que son el resultado de la investigación fenomenológica que se desarrolló en el programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad del Magdalena bajo la línea de investigación, Pedagogía e interculturalidad. En el primer apartado, se realizó un acercamiento interpretativo-comprensivo a la cultura afrocolombiana. Posteriormente, se abordó la educación intercultural desde la perspectiva de diferentes referentes teóricos. El tercer apartado recogió y evidenció las percepciones de docentes y la realidad que viven los estudiantes acerca de la manera como se trabaja la interculturalidad en una escuela pública de la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia). Finalmente, se presentan algunas conclusiones a partir de los desafíos y retos que tiene la escuela para visibilizar la cultura afrocolombiana en el contexto de la educación intercultural