bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuidad del cuidado
Authors: Villalon Gabriel Esteban
Published: May 2021

El concepto de continuidad del cuidado (CoC) suele utilizarse para describir en qué medida los pacientes ven al mismo profesional a lo largo del tiempo, aunque mas específicamente es un atributo o característica del proceso de atención de salud de un individuo en el que la calidad de la conexión y retroalimentación de los eventos que se suceden influyen en la experiencia final de "sentirse cuidado".

La CoC abarca diferentes dominios conceptuales: la continuidad de la información, de la relación y del manejo. Se han utilizado diferentes instrumentos de medición que pueden agruparse en herramientas elaboradas a partir de reportes de pacientes (como por ej., encuestas) o a partir de datos administrativos (como los indicadores de prestador usual de cuidados o el indicador de Bice y Boxerman).

Existen también investigaciones que evaluaron el impacto sanitario de la CoC. Si bien muchas de ellas muestran gran heterogeneidad en cuanto a los indicadores y los desenlaces utilizados, se observa una tendencia clara que parece indicar que a mayor nivel de continuidad del cuidado, mejores resultados en salud.
Defining Voiding Dysfunction in Women: Bladder Outflow Obstruction Versus Detrusor Underactivity
Authors: Mytilekas Konstantinos-Vaios , Oeconomou Athanasios , Sokolakis Ioannis , Kalaitzi Maria , Mouzakitis George , Nakopoulou Evangelia , Apostolidis Apostolos
Published: May 2021

Purpose: We aimed to develop urodynamic criteria to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and detrusor underactivity (DU) in women with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).Methods: Initially, in a group of 68 consecutive women with LUTS and increased postvoid residual (PVR) who had undergone urodynamic investigations, we examined the level of agreement between the operating physician’s diagnosis of BOO or DU and the diagnosis according to urodynamic nomograms/indices, including the Blaivas-Groutz (B-G) nomogram, urethral resistance factor (URA), bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI), and bladder contractility index (BCI). Based on the initial results, we categorized 160 women into 4 groups using the B-G nomogram and URA (group 1, severe-moderate BOO; group 2, mild BOO and URA≥20; group 3, mild BOO and URA<20; group 4, nonobstructed) and compared the urodynamic parameters. Finally, we redefined women as obstructed (groups 1+2) and nonobstructed (groups 3+4) for subanalysis.Results: The agreement between the B-G nomogram and physician’s diagnosis was poor in the mild obstruction zone (κ=0.308, P=0.01). By adding URA (cutoff value=20), excellent agreement was reached (κ=0.856, P<0.001). Statistically significant differences were found among the 4 groups (analysis of variance) in maximum flow rate (Qmax) (P<0.0001), voided volume (VV) (P=0.042), PVR (P=0.032), BOOI (P<0.0001), and BCI (P<0.0001), with a positive linear trend for Qmax and VV and a negative linear trend for PVR and BOOI moving from groups 1 to 4. In the subanalysis, all parameters showed statistically significant differences between obstructed and nonobstructed women, except BCI (Qmax, P=0.0001; VV, P=0.0091; PVR, P=0.0005; BOOI, P=0.0001).Conclusions: The combination of the B-G nomogram with URA increased the accuracy of diagnosing BOO among women with LUTS. Based on this combination, most women in the mild obstruction zone of the B-G nomogram would be considered underactive rather than obstructed.
Mind the Gap: Addressing Childcare Inequalities for Children and Caregivers
Authors: McKeen Juliana Pinto
Published: May 2021

Formal childcare has been in crisis since its inception. Attempts at regulation and uniformity have been inadequate and culturally insensitive. Seen as a women’s issue, it is rarely at the forefront of policy. The topic has recently gripped the national stage due to the ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the childcare industry and its effect on the middle class. While white families who struggle for childcare are currently receiving more attention, Black women and other women of color have been unsupported by the industry. The inadequacy of childcare in the United States upholds racism and sexism. The intersectionality of gender, race, and socioeconomic status plays a large part in the inequitable experiences for Black and Brown children and childcare workers in the United States. The lack of progress in this arena has stifled generations of children, given that research shows quality early childhood education is an optimal vehicle for upward mobility and is correlated with more stable and prosperous adulthoods.
The Role of ncRNAs in Covid-19 Pathogenesis
Authors: Öz Tuba , Pehlivan Melek , Pirim İbrahim
Published: May 2021

Genomic studies have shown that approximately 2% of the human genome encodes protein, and the rest consists of non-coding RNAs (ncRNA). ncRNAs are the modifications that can alter gene expression at different levels without making any changes on the DNA sequence. One of the most important function of non-coding RNAs is to modulate host immunity and inflammatory response by regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. The World Health Organization has declared Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 shows symptoms such as fever, cough, shortness of breath and it can lead to severe symptomatic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), bring along many problems such as cardiovascular complications, kidney damage, stroke and death. Virus host interactions associated with the immune system is also important beside the viral replication mechanism in the development of a successful therapeutic target for SARS-CoV-2. Epigenetic mechanisms that regulate virus-host interactions affect the extent and adequacy of immune and inflammatory responses that are important for clinical outcomes. Thus, identifying ncRNAs involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection will help to understand the epigenetic regulation underlying the immune response that occurs and to develop new specific strategies to prevent and treat the infection. In this review, the importance of ncRNA mediated gene regulation in SARS-CoV-2 infection and its role in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic were discussed.
Castleman’s Disease: Due to a Rare Intraabdominal Location
Authors: Karacaoğlu Mehmet Cihan , Yurttutan Nursel , Kızıldağ Betül , Kara Turgay , Koçarslan Sezen
Published: May 2021

Castleman disease (CD) is a rare benign disease with unknown etiology. It is also called angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia, giant lymph node hyperplasia, lymph node hamartoma, benign giant lymphoma. Histologically, it is classified as hyaline vascular and plasma cell variant, but rarely features of two types can coexist. Most of the cases with unisentric disease are hyaline vascular and most of the cases with multicentric disease are in plasma cell histological type. Although it is frequently located in thorax, it can be found throughout the body. Salivary glands, lungs, pancreas, larynx, parotid gland, meninges, and even limb muscles can be affected as extralymphatic spread. Since it is localized in the middle and anterior mediastinum in the thorax, it should be differentiated from mediastinal autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. In this case report, we aimed to present the radiological findings of a CD case with a rare intraabdominal location.
POSSIBILIDADES DE INTERVENÇÃO DO ASSISTENTE SOCIAL NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA COM BASE NA LEI N. 13.935-2019
Authors: De Souza Bruna Carolina , Da Rosa Cláudio Adão
Published: May 2021

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar possibilidades de intervenção do assistente social na educação, com base na lei 13.935/2019 que garante o profissional de Serviço Social nas escolas de educação básica. Para alcançar tal objetivo, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa exploratória, com referencial teórico ancorado em autores como Martins (1999; 2007), Novais et al (2001) e Oliveira (2015). Para contribuir com o alcance do objetivo proposto, foi realizada, também, a aplicação de um questionário para a assistente social de uma secretária de educação de um município do Planalto Norte Catarinense sobre sua experiência e seus entendimentos em relação às possibilidades de intervenção neste campo de atuação. Os resultados apontaram que, embora as indicações de possibilidades de intervenção do Assistente Social na educação básica discutidas neste artigo sejam, em boa parte, anteriores à lei n.º 13.935/2019, não existem grandes desencontros teórico-metodológicos com a lei atual. Entretanto, como o objetivo proposto foi analisar as possibilidades de intervenção do Assistente Social com base na lei n.º 13.935/2019, essa carência de elementos impossibilitou a contemplação do objetivo em sua totalidade. Mostrando uma clara evidencia da necessidade emergente de mais pesquisas que discutam este assunto.
ENVIRONMENTAL AGENDA IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: PRIORITY AXES FOR THE SECRETARIAT OF FINANCE IN THE CITY OF MANAUS, BRAZIL
Authors: Farias de Moraes Sandra , Menezes de Brito Zenóbia , Venâncio Castelo Branco Antônio , Monteiro Moreira Elizany , Soares Machado Ana Lúcia , Antônio de Melo Pedro , Soares Márison Luiz , Nascimento-e-Silva Daniel
Published: May 2021

The Environmental Agenda in Public Administration (A3P) emerges as an essential tool for the modernization of Brazilian public management. This study aimed to identify the priority axes and actions capable of structuring an A3P for the Municipal Finance Secretariat (SEMEF) of the municipality of Manaus. A qualitative study was carried out, whose respondents are SEMEF managers, consulted based on interview script, whose data were organized with word processors, analyzed with content analysis tools, and interpreted based on the similarities and differences in the respondents' positions. The results showed that the rational use of resources, adequate waste management, sustainable construction, and quality of life at work were the four axes considered priorities to structure the A3P. The conclusion shows that the axes, initiatives, and results found are consistent with the philosophy and practice intended by A3P.
A CANDIDATURA DE LULA EM 2018 NAS PÁGINAS DE OPINIÃO DA GRANDE IMPRENSA: FOLHA DE S. PAULO, O GLOBO E O ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Lins Aquiles , Alves Mércia
Published: May 2021

O artigo investiga como os três principais jornais impressos do país – Folha de S. Paulo, O Globo e O Estado de S. Paulo – noticiaram e perceberam a tentativa de candidatura de Lula (PT) nas eleições presidenciais de 2018 em seus editoriais. Questionou-se: como foi retratada a candidatura de Lula pelos jornais pesquisados? Que ideias centrais organizaram o conteúdo opinativo sobre Lula? Aplicou-se Metodologia de Valência e Enquadramento no intervalo de 8 de junho a 12 de setembro de 2018.
TEST OF TYROSINASE ENZYME INHIBITOR ACTIVITY OF BIDARA ARAB LEAVES ETHANOL EXTRACT (ZIZIPHUS SPINA-CHRISTI L.) BY IN VITRO
Authors: Purnamasari Dini Rizky
Published: May 2021

Bidara Arab (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) is one of the tropical trees that is very useful and is often called a versatile plant. Several studies have proven that this plant is used as an antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antipireutic, anticancer and also has the potential to inhibit the enzyme tyrosinase. Kojic acid is one of the agents used to inhibit the tyrosinase enzyme so that it prevents hyperpigmentation. This study aims to determine the inhibitory activity of the tyrosinase enzyme from the ethanol extract of Bidara Arab leaves (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) in vitro. The method used in extraction is the maceration method using 70% ethanol until thick extract is obtained. Tests were carried out using 2 substrate namely L-Tyrosine and L-DOPA, ethanol extract of Bidara Arab leaves with concentrations of 10000, 8000, 4000, 2000 and 1000 μg / mL and kojat acid as positive controls and then measured absorption using microplate reader at wavelength 510 nm. The results showed that the Bidara Arab ethanol extract had tyrosinase inhibitor activity with IC50 values of 5364,186 in L-Tyrosine and 5568,362 in L-DOPA. Keywords: Bidara Arab; Kojic Acid; Tyrosinase Enzyme; Hyperpigmentation; Microplate reader
uji aktivitas antibakteri sediaan sabun cair fraksi methanol-air daun mangkokan (Polyscias scutellaria (Burm.f.) Fosberg.) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Nisa Khoirun
Published: May 2021

Kulit mempunyai fungsi untuk melindungi dari pengaruh luar. Sabun merupakan kebutuhan yang berguna untuk mandi, dan pembersih kebutuhan lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri fraksi metanol-air dan formulasi sabun cair fraksi metanol-air daun mangkokan terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis, serta konsentrasi formula sabun cair terbaik dari hasil uji evaluasi. Daun mangkokan diekstraksi menggunakan etanol 70% dengan metode maserasi hingga didapatkan ekstrak kental. Kemudian ekstrak kental ini difraksinasi dengan tiga pelarut yaitu n-heksan, etil asetat dan metanol. Dilakukan uji pendahuluan aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode disc diffusion pada fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi metanol-air, dari hasil yang didapatkan fraksi metanol-air memiliki zona hambat lebih besar dari fraksi etil asetat. Fraksi metanol-air diuji aktivitas antibakteri dengan tiga konsentrasi yaitu 5000 µg/disk, 6000 µg/disk, dan 7000 µg/disk dengan rata-rata zona hambat secara berurutan sebesar 11,30 mm; 12,16 mm; dan 13,20 mm. selanjutnya dibuat sediaan sabun cair dengan empat variasi konsentrasi sebesar 0% (F1 basis), 25% (F2), 30% (F3) dan 35% (F4). Lalu diuji aktivitas antibakteri, hasil pengujian rata-rata zona hambat secara berurutan sebesar 0 mm; 11,09 mm; 11,94 mm; dan 12,27 mm. Formula sabun cair terbaik pada konsentrasi 30% dilihat dari hasil evaluasi. Kata kunci : daun mangkokan (Polyscias scutellaria (Burm.F)Fosberg.), antibakteri, sediaan sabun cair, Staphylococcus epidermidis
Političko i kulturno naslijeđe (skica za studiju)
Authors: Duranović Amir
Published: May 2021

Autor u ovome radu daje skicu za studiju o političkom i kulturnom naslijeđu Adila Zulfikarpašića, njegovom porijeklu, odnosu prema politici, emigraciji, političkom angažmanu i najznačajnijoj zadužbini savremene bošnjačke kulturne scene – Bošnjačkom institutu – Fondaciji Adila Zulfikarpašića, koja je osnovana u Švicarskoj, a sada djeluje u Bosni i Hercegovini.
Biermann battery mechanism and its role in evolution of astrophysical magnetic fields
Authors: Mikhailov E. A. , Andreasyan R. R.
Published: May 2021

Nowadays it is well-known that a wide range of astrophysical objects have large-scale magnetic fields. Their observations are usually carried using Faraday rotation measurements. One of the possible mechanisms of their generation (at least the seed ones) can be connected with the Biermann battery mechanism. It is connected with difference between masses of protons and electrons, which are interacting with the cosmic medium. They produce the circular currents which can be generate the magnetic field which is perpendicular to the rotation plane. Here we present the mechanism of the magnetic field generation by the Biermann mechanism in the disc objects which can be useful for galaxies, accretion discs and another objects. One of the important features is connected with the influence of the existing magnetic fields (which can be induced by another charged particles) while studying the movement of the particles.
Catalogs of celestial bodies from digitized photographic plates of the Ukrainian Virtual Observatory Archive
Authors: Protsyuk Y. , Vavilova I. , Andruk V. , Pakuliak L. , Shatokhina S. , Yizhakevych O.
Published: May 2021

The Ukrainian Virtual Observatory (UkrVO, http://ukr-vo.org) database is compiled from observations conducted in 1898-2018 at observational sites of 8 Ukrainian observatories with about 50 instruments. Now the UkrVO archive covers data of about 40,000 astroplates, from which 15,000 are digitized at three observatories: Main Astronomical Observatory of the NAS of Ukraine (MAO NASU), Research Institute 'Mykolaiv Astronomical Observatory' (RI MAO), and Astronomical Observatory of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (AO TSNU). Astroplates were digitized using EpsonTM and MicrotekTM commercial scanners with 16-bit gray levels and resolution of 1200-1600 dpi. Images of all objects registered on plates were processed using the advanced software complex for CCD images' treatment MIDAS/ROMAFOT in the LINUX environment. Additional software modules developed and implemented at the MAO NASU and RI MAO provide both the digitized images' processing and the final products as the catalogs of positions and stellar magnitudes of all the registered objects. The processing of the digitized Northern Sky Survey observations (the FON project) resulted in a few catalogs of coordinates and B-magnitudes for more than 19 million stars and galaxies from the FON-Kyiv part and more than 13 million objects from the FON-Kitab part. Besides, based on these data, two catalogs for more than 5,000 positions and B-magnitudes of asteroids were compiled. Now, in cooperation with Hissar Astronomical Observatory (Dushanbe, Tajikistan), we are preparing similar catalogs based on digitized observations of the third part (1985-1992) of the FON project. The digitized data of open star clusters in UBVR color bands obtained at the Baldone observatory (Latvia) were used to enhance the photometric content of the resulted catalogs. The developed methods of digitization, image processing, and reduction with the latest reference catalogs allowed us to achieve good positional and photometric accuracy of objects. Other digitized data of photographic observations stored in UkrVO archives formed the basis of several Solar System Bodies positional catalogs. The compiled catalogs of 90 positions and B-values of Pluto, 1500 positions of satellites of outer planets are available on the UkrVO website and in the Strasbourg Data Center.
Mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa Tanah Warisan Melalui Peradilan Adat Gampong (Desa) Di Kecamatan Baitussalam, Kabupaten Aceh Besar
Authors: Nurhaliza Nurhaliza , Mansur Teuku Muttaqin
Published: May 2021

Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa Tanah Waris Melalui Peradilan Adat Gampong (Desa) di Kecamatan Baitussalam, Kabupaten Aceh Besar, Provinsi Aceh. Metode penelitian merupakan yuridis empiris, data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan penelusuran kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa tanah waris melalui peradilan adat gampong di kecamatan Baitussalam berbeda-beda. Perbedaan tersebut disebabkan, setiap gampong memiliki kebiasaan dan mekanisme penyelesaian masing-masing yang sudah turun temurun. Di samping itu, pengetahuan perangkat adat, juga mempengaruhi penyelesaian sengketa. Padahal, kebijakan pemerintah melalui Qanun Aceh Nomor 9 tahun 2008, Peraturan Gubernur Aceh Nomor 60 tahun 2013, dan pedoman peradilan adat Aceh dari majelis adat Aceh yang menjadi acuan penyelesaian sengketa adat sudah tersedia.
Studi Analisis Tentang Makna Pengetahuan Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Serta Jenis Dan Sumbernya
Authors: Ridwan Muannif , Syukri Ahmad , Badarussyamsi B
Published: May 2021

Ilmu pengetahuan memiliki kedudukan yang tinggi dalam sejarah peradaban manusia. Kebutuhan manusia akan adanya ilmu pengetahuan sangat mendesak, setiap orang pasti merasakan dalam dirinya. Jika manusia hilang dalam dirinya rasa haus akan ilmu, maka kehancuran akan menghampirinya. Sebab rasa ingin tahu adalah fitrah bagi manusia yang diciptakan Allah sebagai mahluk yang selalu bertanya dan ingin tahu akan eksistensi sesuatu. Tulisan ini membahas mengenai dasar-dasar pengetahuan yang mencakup definisi, sumber, dan jenis-jenis pengetahuan, dan juga mengenai jenis-jenis ilmu pengetahuan yang mencakup definisi, dan ciri-cirinya, serta dibahas juga terkait persamaan dan perbedaan antara pengetahuan dan ilmu pengetahuan dan cabang-cabang dari ilmu pengetahuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan (library research), yaitu mengumpulkan data atau karya tulis ilmiah yang berkaitan dengan filsafat ilmu yang bersifat kepustakaan. Dari penelitian ini diharapakan pembaca dapat memahami hakikat ilmu pengetahuan, sumber, ciri-ciri, dan jenis-jenisnya serta persamaan dan perbedaan antara pengetahuan dan ilmu pengetahuan secara komprehensif, sehingga pembaca dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya dapat termotivasi untuk terus berproses dalam mencari ilmu pengetahuan dengan berbagai metode dan konsep-konsep, baik melalui proses pendidikan maupun melalui pengalaman.

Kata Kunci: Dasar, Jenis, Pengetahuan, Ilmu Pengetahuan.
Enhancement of Solubility and Dissolution Rate of Atorvastatin Using Solid Dispersion
Authors: Kushwaha Krishna Kumar , Rajpoot Dharmanendra Singh , Gupta Naveen , Kapoor Vishal , Shukla Ankita
Published: May 2021

The solubility and dissolution rate of Atorvastatin, a drug used for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia. Atorvastatin is a selective competitive inhibitor of HMG Co A reductase. However, its absolute bioavailability is 5%. To increase the solubility of drug solid dispersion was prepared. Solid dispersion preliminary solubility analysis was carried out for the selection of the carrier and solid dispersion was prepared with Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) and Methyl Cellulose (MC). These solid dispersions were analyzed for the solubility and in-vitro dissolution profile solid dispersion of drug with polymer has shown enhanced solubility with improved dissolution rate. Further FTIR, X-Ray studies were carried out. Solid dispersion prepared with polymer in 1:5 ratios show the presence of amorphous form confirmed by the characterization study. The present investigations showed that solubility of Atorvastatin Sodium was markedly increased by its solid dispersion using PVP K30 as carrier. The formulation SDF8 containing (1:8) shows highest dissolution rate. Hence the solid dispersion a way is useful technique in providing fastest onset of action of Atorvastatin sodium as well as enhanced dissolution rate. The study also shows that dissolution rate of Atorvastatin can be enhanced to considerable extent by solid dispersion technique with Polymer.
Limonoids as an effective Anticancer Agent: A Review
Authors: Mankar Neha O. , Mandlik Yogita R. , Chauriya Chandrashekhar B.
Published: May 2021

Citrus limonoids (CLs) are a group of highly oxygenated terpenoid found mostly in the seeds, fruits and peel tissues of citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, pumellos, oranges, grapefruits, bergamots, and mandarins. [10] The term limonoids was derived from limonin, which is the first tetranortriterpenoid obtained from bitter principles of citrus [6]. CLs are found as both free aglycones and corresponding -D glucosides, the former mostly occurring in seeds while the latter are formed during fruit maturation. Conversion of agycon to glycon is carried out by two enzymes, uridine diphosphoglucose- limonoid glycosyl t ransferase and limonoid D-ring lactone hydrolase. [8,9]. Glucosides have an open D ring to accommodate an attached glucose moiety; in aglycones the D-ring is closed [9] Citrus fruits are particularly high in a class of phytochemicals known as the limonoids1and recent research suggests that limonoids appearto possess substantial anticancer activity. [7] The present review focused on pharmacological studies of citrus limonoids as an anticancer agent.
Review of Captopril Drug Formulation, Mechanism of action, Dosage, Use and Adverse drug reactions
Authors: Rajaram Chaudhari Urvashi
Published: May 2021

Hypertensive crisis is a condition characterized by rapid and inappropriate symptomatic elevation of blood pressure that is commonly seen in Emergency Department. Oral or Sublingual Captopril is commonly used in the emergency department. The unpleasant tast of the sublingual drugs causes uncomfortable condition to the patient. Studies showing on difference between oral and sublingual Captopril has been ignored sofar. Herein we compared the oral and sublingual Captopril efficiency in the hypertensive urgencies. However clinical use requires the daily dose of 37.5- 75 mg to be taken at three times. The reason being the drug is highly water soluble, unstable in alkaline intestinal PH and decrease in bioavailability in presence of food. Various attempts have been made to regulate the release and increase the bioavailability of the drug. The treatment course was 2 weeks. After that, we compared angina, blood pressure, ECG and adverse drug reactions of the two group.
دراسة حول انظمة الاثارة في الخزانات ذات السطح العائم
Authors: مجيد عدنان ياسر , راشد منير محسن
Published: May 2021

تتطرق الدراسة الى استعراض انظمة اثارة الترسبات في الخزانات ذات السطح العائم والموجودة في شركة نفط الجنوب والمستخدمة لخزن النفط الخام قبل تصديره وتحديد مميزات ومساويء كل نظام من الانظمة المستخدمة حاليا  ثم تتطرق الدراسة الى اقتراح اسلوب جديد لاثارة تلك الترسبات ومنعها من التجمع في اسفل الخزان .
Quantum-Chemical Modelling of Clusters NH3· (Н2О) N, Forming in Processes of Gas and Oil - Refining Industry.
Authors: Rajab Najlaa
Published: May 2021

A number of significant structures of NH3 (H2O) n (n= 1- 6) clusters have been identified by the quantum chemical methods ( RHF/3-21G,  RHF/6-31G**, В3LYP/6-31G**, MP2/6-31G**). The cluster’s geometry configurations and intermolecular energy have been calculated
New Anti-knock Additives to Improve Gasoline Octane Number
Authors: Sheet Eiman Ali Eh.
Published: May 2021

Gasoline is a volatile mixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum, which is used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. Gasoline is a blend of hydrocarbons with some contaminants, including sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and certain metals.The octane number of gasoline increases continuously and linearly with antiknock additives percentages in gasoline. Hence, P (180-E.BP) is a fractionation cut of power former effective compound for increasing the value of the octane number of gasoline when added to unleaded gasoline in percentage of 5, 10, and 15 on volume basis. The engine performance improves as the percentages of P increase in the blend. Fuel additives are used to improve gasoline performance in vehicles and to reduce specific emissions.
Preparation of cross linked PVA with MA,EDTA,and a mixture of MA/EDTA for water uptake membranes at different pH
Authors: Badri Dhefaf H. , Al-Nakib Nada M. , Aiube Zakaria H. , Al- Kafaji Jawad K.
Published: May 2021

Poly (viny1 alcohol) (PVA) of 72000 g mol -1 molar mass was cross linked through cold cast esterification with different mol % of MA and EDTA (10 % , 20 % and 30 % ), and two different mol % mixture of MA l EDTA (20 %/5% and 20%/10% .Molecular structures of the produced membranes were identified by FTIR spectral analysis .Mechanical measurements showed that, PVA cross linked with 30 mol% EDTA gave higher tensile strength value, while PVA cross linked with 30mol% MA gave higher elongation value at break.Water swollen of the membranes was studied at ambient conditions and different pH solutions (4, 5, 6, and7) .Water swollen of the membranes was studied at ambient conditions and different pH solutions (4, 5, 6, and7) .Maximum swelling percent (Sw%) value at equilibrium was at pH7 for all membranes and this value decreases as pH was decreased.Relation between maximum Sw% and the cross link density (c) was obtained mathematically to prove that the decrease in Sw% is due to the increase in c.
Horizontal Wells: Applications, Considerations, and Case Histories
Authors: Zalzala Adnan
Published: May 2021

This paper discusses many aspects of the application of horizontal wells for field development, starting with the basic question of why to opt to this technology. The different considerations to be taken into account when dealing with the technology are reviewed, including some inherent downsides like higher cost and operational complications. The main emphasis, however, is placed on practical reservoir engineering aspects, including well planning and performance, and the handling of horizontal wells in specific technical applications like well test

analysis and numerical modeling.

 

 

 

The theoretical basis and pertinent differences in physics and flow regimes    around     vertical     and

 horizontal wells are discussed in the context, together with the inherent practical implications.

   Case histories and examples are presented for several successful applications worldwide that the author was involved in. In one case, a medium size field offshore Canada was developed with waterflood utilizing very few horizontal producers, with a set of horizontal and vertical water injectors. Detailed planning and intensive modeling, carried out by a team of engineers and geoscientists, led to a remarkably

successful field development. In another case, few horizontals were used among many directional wells to develop a Mediterranean oil reservoir under aquifer and gas cap drives in an attempt to reduce coning problems, raising an opportunity to compare the long term performance of different geometry wells.

   A brief description is also presented to some advanced techniques and special cases of implementing horizontal wells such as thermal recovery (Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage, or SAGD Process), multi-lateral wells, and multi-fractured wells, with discussion on these applications. Under favorable conditions, horizontal wells can also be used as an Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) tool in mature fields, an application that became very common in many super giant fields in the Arabian Gulf Area.
An integrated water injection solution for Southern oilfields of Iraq
Authors: Xiaowu Dr. ZHENG
Published: May 2021

After two bid rounds of oilfields, moo has planned a plateau oil production of 12mmbblsd in 2017. in order to reach the plateau production, most of the oilfields require water injection to maintain the reservoirs‟ pressure. there are three main challenges in water injection. firstly, where could the urgent water resource be available in the rehabilitation phase of the brown oilfields? secondly, how could the high amount of produced water be handled at the late stage of the oilfields? thirdly, what kind of sweeping efficiency could the reservoirs be developed by water flooding? Dump flood, produced water treatment and reinjection, combined with separate layers‟ water injection could be an integrated solution for southern oilfields of iraq.
Oxidation Studies On 209 T1 and 213 T11 Alloys With Inhibition Corrosion By Using MgO
Authors: Al-Sultani Dr Kadhim. F.
Published: May 2021

Hot ash corrosion of high temperature combustion equipment from burning petroleum fuels containing Na, S and V, and recommendations for preventing or controlling fuel oil may result in severe damage to metal surfaces.

  The use of MgO as a fuel additive to combact vanndic corrosion is widely accepted practice for boilers operating on residual or low grade fuels. MgO has the ability to form high melting stable vanadate but the presence of Na2SO4 can react with the magnesium and reduce its effectiveness. This paper aims to

quantify  the effectiveness of MgO as an inhibitor in the presence of increasing amounts  of Na2SO4. Amethod of determining permissible levels of Na2SO4 to satisfy predict remind corrosion rates or additive efficiencies is described. Examples of the loss of additive efficiency with weight of Na2SO4 at temperature of 750 and 850°C are given for both 209 T1 and 213 T11 alloys.
Economic Feasibility Study for Petroleum Projects (Practical Aspects)
Authors: Shaallan Dr. Hisham Yas
Published: May 2021

An increasing importance is given to the Economic Feasibility Study of Petroleum Projects. The reason behind that is the critical role played by the Petroleum Industry in Society, Economy and Foreign Trade. In general, Petroleum Industry is involved with the Exploitation of Oil and Gas Resources to satisfy the country's needs (households and industrial sectors) and to export these resources, in order to, gain foreign currencies which are necessary for

funding the country's social and economic requirements. Petroleum Projects have diversity features in terms of location, size, capital, technology and risks. On the Other hand, because of the importance of the Petroleum Industry, high significance should be given to the Economic Feasibility Study, especially the necessary of good knowledge of the nature of Petroleum Activities, Projects and Contracts, as well as the fundamentals of Advanced Feasibility Study.
Performance Of some Corrosion Inhibitors For Carbon Steel In Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: Slaiman Qasim J. M. , Hasan Basim O. , Turki Hayder M.
Published: May 2021

Corrosion tests on commercial carbon steel pipe in aerated 0.1N HCl solution under static and flow conditions with ranges of rotation velocity of 400–1400 rpm and temperature of 35 – 60ºC, were carried out by weight loss method, in absence and presence of several inhibitors which were thiourea, ethylenediamine, diethano-lamine and formaldehyde as an adsorption type inhibitors in concentration range 400 – 2000 ppm using rotating cylinder arrangement. The experimental results showed  that the corrosion rate in absence and presence of inhibitors is increased with the increasing temperature of the corrosive solution and the rotational velocity and is decreased with increasing the inhibitors concentration for the whole range of

 

 

 

temperatures and rotational velocities. Highest inhibition efficiency was attained by thiourea with considerable efficiencies for other inhibitors. The order of corrosion inhibitors efficiencies was as follows: thiourea > ethylenediamine > diethanolamine > formaldehyde. Under static conditions maximum inhibition efficiency obtained  was 77.59% for thiourea and the minimum inhibition efficiency was 37.12% for formaldehyde depending on inhibitor concentration and temperature. Also the results revealed that the inhibitors efficiency increases with increasing its concentration and decreases with increasing agitation speed and temperature. The thiouurea was found to be good inhibitor even at high agitation velocity while the formaldehyde failed to inhibit corrosion at high velocity.
Heat and Mass Transfer in Open Evaporative Cooling System Using Various Types of Fills In Oil Industry
Authors: Kariem Dr.Nagam Obaid
Published: May 2021

This research work is to study the performance of evaporative cooling system using new type of packing with different shapes (saddle, counter current wavy, and  triangular splash) and materials (glass, thermoplastic, and resistance wood) of  packing for an air –water cooling system . The basis of the installation is the evaporative cooling system,1.75 m height and 40 x 40 cm outside cross section. The fluids in this system are air which moving from the bottom to the top of cooling system (mass flow rates ranging between 0.07 and 0.18 kg/s) and the water which are moving from top to bottom of cooling evaporator ((mass flow rates ranging between 0.11 and 0.27kg/s)). The inlet water temperatures ranging

between 35 and 55oC .The packing heights  were changed during the research in order to get the temperature profile and the relation of these temperatures with the other variables in the cooling system, the packing heights ranging between 35 to 140 cm. The overall volumetric heat and mass transfer coefficients and tower characteristics, were predicted as a function of the fluids flow rates.

A computer program used to solve and find the relation between the variables in the system and the functions (overall volumetric heat and mass transfer coefficients, number of transfer coefficient, the temperature variation along the tower).

 

 

The results show that :

 1-At maximum air mass flow and

    minimum water mass flow, the

    mass transfer coefficients would

    be on the maximum value and

    vice-versa.

2- The thermoplastic packing was

    much more efficient than glass

    and wood by efficiency about 12

    to 18 %. ,also the results showed

    that The triangular packing was

    much more efficient than wavy

   and  glass by efficiency about 5 to

    11  %.

3-The temperatures distribution

were not constant in all layers; the temperatures distribution in the first layer were not very well, this happened because the distribution of water in the packing surface was just  know happened, while in the other layers the temperature distrib-ution and profile were so good.
Predication of Oil Flow Rate through Choke at Critical Flow for Iraqi Oil Wells
Authors: Sadiq Dhefaf J.
Published: May 2021

Before the production leaves the well head, it passes through a choke which serves to stabilize the optimum or desired flow rate against variations in flow line pressure.

In this paper, the aim is to develop new correlation to predict oil flow rate through chokes with critical flow for Iraqi oil wells. This study shows that there is a strict quantitative connection between three factors: upstream pressure, gas-oil ratio and choke size with oil flow rate at critical flow for one hundred production tests of Iraqi oil wells.

Many forms have been tried using nonlinear regression analysis to obtain the optimum form of correlation that gives minimum differences between the calculated and field data. Here, based on Iraqi oil wells data; new correlation has been developed for predicting oil flow rate through chokes at critical flow.

The proposed correlation exhibits more accuracy (only 4.523% average absolute error) than the existent correlations. The correlation coefficient of the new correlation is determined as 0.997. The cross plots of calculated and field data gives strong index of priority of new correlation for applying with Iraqi oil wells. The graphical presentation of the results of the new correlation for Iraqi oil wells states more matching with the field data that are not used in formulating the new correlation than Gilbert (1954),  Baxendall (1957), Ros (1959), Achong (1961), Secen (1976), Pilehvari (1981), Osman and Dokla (1990), Owolabi, Dune and Ajienka (1991), Elgibaly and Nashawi (1996), Mesallati, Bizanti and Mansouri (2000) and Alrumah and Bizanti (2007) correlations.
Removal of Oil from Industrial Wastewater Using Organoclay Prepared From Iraqi Bentonite
Authors: Kashash Jasem Mohammed
Published: May 2021

The present study deals with the removal of oil from wastewater by organoclay. The organoclay was prepared by combination of Iraqi bentonite with quaternary amine (hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride). The wastewater used in this study taken from the washing unit of fuel oil in the "South Baghdad Gas Power Plant". The operating conditions of batch process for removal of oil from wastewater by using the prepared organoclays were studied in details (quantity of organoclay, mixer speed and time of adsorption). Initial concentration of wastewater used in this study was within the maximum range 230-1512 mg/L. XRD and FTIR diagram of the prepared organoclay showed considered differences from those for natural bentonite which indicates the exchange of quaternary amine with Ca++ ions at the surface of bentonite.  The concentration of oil in the wastewater decreased less than 10 mg/L after treatment with organoclay. Batch kinetics studies were conducted by using kinetic equations (Lagergren and Ho et al) and batch isotherm studies was conducted by using isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir and BET).
Enhancing Reol ogical Properties of liquid Asphalt
Authors: Ali Dr. Firyal Mohammed Ali , A.H Zena A.H , Khalel Omar M. Khalel
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to improve the specifications of cut back asphalt (S125) in orderto use in the treatment of holes, potholes and cracks of roads. Different methods were carried outto enhance physical and mechanical properties and to get better construction behavior. Thesetreatments are:-First: The vacuum distillation of S125 cut back asphalt was employed to remove oil, vacuumgas oil and vacuum residue as a rapid curing. FTIR spectra of the four fractions of S125 wererecorded. It was observed a low penetration and high softening point for the vacuum residue.Second: extraction method using ethanol as a solvent was employed to extract light componentthat could be in the S125 cut back asphalt. The results indicated that the softening point washighly increased and the penetration as well as ductility was decreased to minimized level.Third: Some Polymers were used as cross linking agent such as melamine and phenolformaldehyde resins.Fourth: The unsaturated monomers were polymerized free radically to increase thesolidification of S125.Fifth: The hydrated white cement was used as additive to the S125 cutback asphalt at differentratios to improve the properties. This method was observed as a suitable and economic method,and easy employed compared to others and the best rheological behaviors were given in thismethod. Also the vacuum distillation method gave high improvements in rheological propertiesfor asphalt residue.
A New Alternative Thinner in the Drilling Fluid System
Authors: AL-Hashimi Wissam H. AL-Hashimi
Published: May 2021

The most important constituent of drilling operation success is keeping the drilling fluidrheological properties within a certain limit to maintain continuing their functions in a goodmanner. To achieve that, the drilling mud system needs continuous and direct supervision such asmeasuring its rheological properties and treating any deviation in their values. Viscosity is themost important property in hydraulic program success due to its direct relation with bottom holecleaning during drilling, thus related with the drilling rate, so this property should be keptbasically to ensure bottom hole cleaning and high drilling rate at the same time.Some chemicals such as thinner should be added to the mud system to keep both viscosity andother properties within certain standards and required limits; these materials have a high cost,increasing both the metric cost and the final cost of such well.The aim of this research is to test the physical and chemical properties for a local material, as athinner, which tends to decrease the rheological properties of drilling mud .Thirty nine samplesof different types of drilling mud are tested with both the native and foreign imported materials.The results for both additive materials are compared and concluded that the local thinner has thesame trend with the imported material to a certain limit.
Synthesis and Characterization of Porous Ceramic Hollow Fibers with Nano-Molecular Size
Authors: Hussein Hussein Qasim Hussein
Published: May 2021

This research exhibits a method for the fabrication of nano molecular size ceramicporous hollow fibers, using the internal diffusion technique. This method is based onpreparation a spinning solution consists from nano gamma alumina < 50nm in an aqueousmixture of sodium alginate, and calcium carbonate. The mixture is spun into a lactic acidcoagulation bath of pH= 1.6 to achieve ionic cross-linking. The green transparent ceramichollow fibers were dried under ventilation at ambient temperature for 48h and sintered atdifferent temperatures 1100 oC-1350 oC for 2h. The synthesized fibers were characterizedand the effect of sintering temperature on surface morphology was studied. The phasetransformation from gamma to alpha was specified by x-ray diffraction, at 1100 oC a fewsmall and sharp peaks of α-alumina started while at 1250 oC α-alumina with a highlycrystalline structure was obtained. Microstructure and surface morphology of nano ceramicfibers were studied at different sintering temperatures, a homogeneous particle distributionwas gained at a temperature of 1250 oC. The thermal gravimetric analysis was referred toan existence of two thermal steps occurred during thermal treatment, dehydration up to 250oC and alginate dehydration and decomposition from 250 oC to 400 oC. The nitrogenisotherm behavior indicates to a mesoporous / macroporous substance, an appearance oftype H-2 hysteresis loop. BJH adsorption and desorption average pore diameter (4V/A)14.4408 nm and 17.7124 nm respectively. Single point surface area is 9.268 m²/g, singlepoint adsorption total pore volume is 0.023 cm³/g. The average interior and exterior poresize by mercury intrusion were 20 nm and 50 nm respectively.
Photo-degradation Effect on Naphtha Octane Number by Using UV Radiation
Authors: Hashim Hayder A.M. Hashim , Shahad Haroun A.K Shahad
Published: May 2021

In this work naphtha is exposed to ultraviolet rays under various conditions namely; UV exposureonly, UV exposure with cooling, UV exposure with cooling and catalyst, UV exposure with Cooling,Catalyst and Oxidant O2 and UV exposure with Catalyst and Oxidant O2 to investigate the bondscracking process (Photo-degradation or photolysis reactions) and its effect on naphtha octane numberwhere several bonds are to be broken due to absorption the high energy of UV radiation. It is expectedthat naphtha octane number should be changed as a result of the Photo-degradation effect. Samples areprepared and treated with various conditions in a UV Reactor unit under prevailing pressure (elevatedpressure). No systematic change in octane number is noticed but the octane number is either decreasesor remains constant. Another technique which the cell unit is used. Samples are prepared and treated inthe cell unit under atmosphere pressure. Three different behaviors of the change in naphtha octanenumber are resulted (decreasing, no change and increasing). Maximum decreasing in octane number is(-11 unit) occurred when naphtha is exposed to UV rays with cooling & TiO2 catalyst in the cell unit ,while the maximum increasing is (5.6 unit) occurred when naphtha is exposed to UV rays with ZnOcatalyst & (2.1 ml/min) O2 feeding in the cell unit. In order to understand this behavior Gaschromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) tests are conducted for some samples before and afterUV exposure to study the changes in chemical composition of naphtha specially the changes inpercentage of compounds that affect the octane number such as: Benzene, Toluene, Isooctane and Pxylene.It is noticed that the percentages of these compounds increased in samples in some tests anddecreased in others. Also Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests are conducted for thesesamples before and after exposure to find the eliminated or created chemical bonds or functional groupsof these bonds.
Treatment of Industrial Water by Nano Technology
Authors: Shnaihej Kareem T. shnaihej , Sukkar Dr. Khalid A. Sukkar , Basri Lamya J. Basri , Mohesn Hasan N. Mohesn
Published: May 2021

Nanotechnology: - It is one of the modern scientific achievements where nanotechnology isavailable, namely the engineering and art of nano scale material treatment (100 nanometers.The ability to manufacture new Nano materials used to treat surface water, groundwater andindustrial wastewater contaminated with toxic metal ions, organic and inorganic substances as wellas microorganisms.In this research, we discussed the use of Nano materials, or nearby, to remove the dissolved oilpollutants from the industrial wastewater of the South Refinery Company, where we used multitubesof carbon nanotubes. The function of the tubes can be described as a particle filter, Hold largeparticles of contaminants that are difficult to pass through the tube tunnel). We also used activatedcarbon powder and carbon filters near pore nanoparticles