bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Roller Nanoimprinted Honeycomb Texture as an Efficient Antireflective Coating for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Krajewski Maciej , Callies Adrian , Heydarian Minasadat , Heydarian Maryamsadat , Hanser Mario , Schulze Patricia S. C. , Bläsi Benedikt , Höhn Oliver
Published: August 2023

The properly chosen light management strategy in perovskite solar cell devices is indispensable in achieving high power conversion efficiency. To diminish the reflection losses, texturization of the front surface, similar to what is used in established solar cell technologies, shall be taken into consideration. Within this paper, a honeycomb‐like textured SU‐8 photoresist layer is applied using a roller nanoimprint technique onto a planar perovskite solar cell to minimize reflection losses. The results show that the applied honeycomb pattern reduces the solar‐weighted reflectance from 13.6% to 2.7%, which enhances the current density of the unmodified cell by 2.1 mA cm−2, outperforming the commonly used planar MgF2 antireflective coating by 0.5 mA cm−2. The experimental results are combined with optical modeling to find optimized structures and predict the optical behavior within a solar module. The process used within this work can be transferred to perovskite‐silicon tandem solar cells, providing a promising pathway for the reflection reduction in future devices.
The Lysine Demethylase KDM7A Regulates Immediate Early Genes in Neurons
Authors: Wang Yifan , Hong Qin , Xia Yueyue , Zhang Zhao , Wen Bo
Published: August 2023

Lysine demethylase KDM7A removes histone modifications H3K9me1/2 and H3K27me1/2. KDM7A plays critical roles in gene expression and contribute to biological processes including tumorigenesis, metabolism, and embryonic development. However, the functions of KDM7A in mammalian nervous system are still poorly explored. In this study, functional roles of KDM7A are comprehensively investigated in neuronal cells by applying CUT&Tag‐seq, RNA‐seq and mice models. Knockdown of Kdm7a in N2A cells result in the alteration of histone modifications near transcription start sites (TSSs) and the expression changes of a large number of genes. In particular, the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs), a series of genes maintaining the function of the nervous system and associating with neurological disorders, are significantly decreased upon Kdm7a knockdown. Furthermore, in vivo knockdown of Kdm7a in dentate gyrus (DG) neuron of mice hippocampus, via Adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐based stereotaxic microinjection, led to a significant decrease of the expression of c‐Fos, a marker of neuron activity. Behavior assays in mice further revealed that Kdm7a knockdown in hippocampus repress neuron activity, which leading to impairment of emotion and memory. Collectively, the study reveals that KDM7A affects neuron functions by regulating IEGs, which may provide new clues for understanding epigenetic mechanisms in neurological disorders.
Cs2SnCl6: To Emit or to Catalyze? Te4+ Ion Calls the Shots
Authors: Wei Haiwen , Sun Jikai , Mao Xin , Wang Honglei , Chen Zhen , Bai Tianxin , Cheng Pengfei , Zhang Ruiling , Jin Bing , Zhou Panwang , Liu Feng , Han Keli
Published: August 2023

A low concentration of Te4+ doping is found to be capable of endowing the lead‐free Cs2SnCl6 perovskites with excellent photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), while further increasing Te4+ concentration leads to PLQY deterioration. The mechanism behind the improved PLQY is intensively studied and reported elsewhere. However, little work is conducted to understand the decreased PLQY at high doping levels and to explore its implications for non‐PL‐related applications. Here, it is demonstrated that the Te4+‐incorporated Cs2SnCl6 can be promising candidate for efficient CO2 photocatalysis. An optimum photocatalytic performance is achieved when Te4+ concentration reaches as high as 50%, at which point significant PL quenching has occurred. Through a detailed spectral characterization, such concentration‐dependent functionality is attributed to systematic changes in both electronic and local crystal structure, which allow a robust regulation of excitation energy relaxation channels. These findings expand the scope of available photocatalysts for CO2 reduction and also inform synthetic planning for the preparation of multifunctional Pb‐free metal halide perovskites.
Photothermal‐Triggered Sulfur Oxide Gas Therapy Augments Type I Photodynamic Therapy for Potentiating Cancer Stem Cell Ablation and Inhibiting Radioresistant Tumor Recurrence
Authors: Zhang Tianfu , Pan You , Suo Meng , Lyu Meng , Lam Jacky Wing Yip , Jin Zhaokui , Ning Shipeng , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: August 2023

Despite advances in cancer therapy, the existence of self‐renewing cancer stem cells (CSC) can lead to tumor recurrence and radiation resistance, resulting in treatment failure and high mortality in patients. To address this issue, a near‐infrared (NIR) laser‐induced synergistic therapeutic platform has been developed by incorporating aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active phototheranostic agents and sulfur dioxide (SO2) prodrug into a biocompatible hydrogel, namely TBH, to suppress malignant CSC growth. Outstanding hydroxyl radical (·OH) generation and photothermal effect of the AIE phototheranostic agent actualizes Type I photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy through 660 nm NIR laser irradiation. Meanwhile, a large amount of SO2 is released from the SO2 prodrug in thermo‐sensitive TBH gel, which depletes upregulated glutathione in CSC and consequentially promotes ·OH generation for PDT enhancement. Thus, the resulting TBH hydrogel can diminish CSC under 660 nm laser irradiation and finally restrain tumor recurrence after radiotherapy (RT). In comparison, the tumor in the mice that were only treated with RT relapsed rapidly. These findings reveal a double‐boosting ·OH generation protocol, and the synergistic combination of AIE‐mediated PDT and gas therapy provides a novel strategy for inhibiting CSC growth and cancer recurrence after RT, which presents great potential for clinical treatment.
Ce‐filled Ni1.5Co2.5Sb12 Skutterudite Thin Films with Record‐High Figure of Merit And Device Performance
Authors: Li Dou , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Zhu Jiaxi , Li Meng , Wang Jianyuan , Liu Wei‐Di , Zhao Qinghua , Zhong Hong , Li Shuangming , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: August 2023

Realizing high thermoelectric performance in CoSb3 skutterudite‐based thin films and their devices is historically challenging, especially due to the lack of high‐performing thin‐film‐based device working at medium‐to‐high temperatures. Here, a record‐high ZT of 1.1 is achieved at 683 K in an n‐type Ce0.3Ni1.5Co2.5Sb12 thin film, fabricated from a self‐designed target via advanced pulsed laser deposition. Both experimental and computational results confirm that the Ce‐filling and metal‐featured nanoinclusions such as CeSb contribute to high electrical conductivity, while the Ni‐doping and significantly strengthen the energy filtering effect that occurs at the dense interfaces between the Ce0.3Ni1.5Co2.5Sb12 matrix and the nanoinclusions which leads to a large Seebeck coefficient, giving rise to such a high ZT. In addition, a new‐type CoSb3 thin‐film‐based device is successfully fabricated, which exhibits a high output power density of 8.25 mW cm−2 at a temperature difference of 140 K and a cold‐side temperature of 573 K, indicating the potential for application to medium‐to‐high‐temperature power generation scenarios.
Molten salt Cu(I) intercalation into the poly(triazine imide) for the electrochemical sensing of nitrite
Authors: Korina Elena , Heintz Natalya , Grafov Oleg , Adawy Alaa , Abramyan Anton , Bol'shakov Oleg
Published: August 2023

Slight modification of the molten salt synthesis of poly(triazine imide) (PTI) with introduction of copper (I) chloride yielded a novel copper modified material. Energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy together with electron microscopy confirmed homogenous distribution of the copper within PTI lattice. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggests the copper to coordinate randomly at bridging nitrogen atoms. Thus obtained material exhibited excellent sensitivity to nitrite anions together with low limits of detection. Under previously optimized experimental conditions and pH 4 of supporting electrolyte, differential pulse voltammetric detection method showed linear response in wide range from 5 to 2200 μM with detection limit of 1.3 μM. Practical applicability for the developed method was scrutinized in wastewater and pipe water samples. Developed method of metal ion intercalation open doors to widespread introduction of metal ions in the PTI structure for practical utilization.
Dissociation and multiple‐personality disorder in incarcerated women: Observations from the Washington, D.C. detention center. Jail 1987–1989
Authors: Morgan Elizabeth
Published: August 2023

Between 1983 and 1989, the number of women in U.S. jails more than doubled and continues to increase. Most women behind bars have been victims of violence including childhood sexual abuse. This may lead to psychiatric dissociative disorders such as Complex Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder and Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder.). It is difficult for clinicians to study these women. This article describes several severe dissociative disorders in the women in the Washington, D.C. Detention Center (“D.C. jail”) from September 1987 to September 1989. The author was able to live with them for more than 2 years. The author, a surgeon, kept a diary and frequently intervened in the episodes described here. Conditions in the co‐ed jail were hostile and dangerous to the women inmates. The women's observed dissociative behaviors included Dissociative Identity Disorder (“DID”), prolonged screaming, and prolonged sexual self‐abuse. Dissociative episodes could trigger ones in other women inmates or even in female jail “Officers.” The author suggests (i) that dissociation is likely to be common and severe among incarcerated women (ii) that at least one of its antecedents here is severe childhood sexual abuse and that (iii) judicial and correctional biases exacerbate these symptoms.
Perceived appearance, body shape and adolescent academic achievement: Evidence from Chinese middle school
Authors: Xie Yongxiang , Fan Yong , He Jun
Published: August 2023

Using data from China Education Panel Survey (CEPS), this study aims to investigate the association between perceived appearance, body shape and adolescent academic achievement, elucidate underlying mechanisms, and examine the heterogeneous relationships across different groups. The results suggest that there is an ugliness penalty rather than a beauty premium in Chinese middle school. Overweight and obese students have lower academic achievement than normal weight students. These findings remain robust after replacing the independent variable and dealing with selection bias. Mechanism analysis reveals that teacher preference and non‐cognitive ability are important transmission mechanisms linking perceived appearance with academic achievement. Academic achievement disadvantage in obese students compared with normal weight students is partially transmitted through cognitive ability. Additionally, poor perceived appearance and obesity have a greater negative impact on the academic achievement of disadvantaged groups. These findings better our understanding of perceived appearance and body shape in the formation of educational stratification and provide a scientific basis for equalizing the educational process within schools.
JNK‐interacting protein 4 is a central molecule for lysosomal retrograde trafficking
Authors: Sasazawa Yukiko , Hattori Nobutaka , Saiki Shinji
Published: August 2023

Lysosomal positioning is an important factor in regulating cellular responses, including autophagy. Because proteins encoded by disease‐responsible genes are involved in lysosomal trafficking, proper intracellular lysosomal trafficking is thought to be essential for cellular homeostasis. In the past few years, the mechanisms of lysosomal trafficking have been elucidated with a focus on adapter proteins linking motor proteins to lysosomes. Here, we outline recent findings on the mechanisms of lysosomal trafficking by focusing on adapter protein c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase‐interacting protein (JIP) 4, which plays a central role in this process, and other JIP4 functions and JIP family proteins. Additionally, we discuss neuronal diseases associated with aberrance in the JIP family protein. Accumulating evidence suggests that chemical manipulation of lysosomal positioning may be a therapeutic approach for these neuronal diseases.
One‐dimensional coordinated polymers of tetraphenylethene pyridine and copper‐iodide for fluorescence detection of nitroaromatic explosives
Authors: Cai Minjuan , Zheng Xuan , Luo Fenqiang , Zheng Liyan , Cai Zhixiong
Published: August 2023

The spatial arrangement of molecules plays a crucial role in determining the macroscopic properties of functional materials. Coordinated polymers (CPs) formed by self‐assembly of organic isomeric ligands and metals offer unique performance characteristics. In this study, we present the investigation of a one‐dimensional CP, named CIT‐E, composed of tetraphenylethene pyridine derivative (TPE‐2by‐2‐E) ligands and copper iodide. The resulting CP exhibits a one‐dimensional bead chain structure with exceptional thermal and chemical stability. By leveraging the competitive absorption between CIT‐E and the explosive analog 2,4‐dinitroaniline, we achieve detection of the explosive through changes in the absorption intensity of the excitation light source and subsequent fluorescence response. The CP demonstrates high selectivity and anti‐interference ability in detecting 2,4‐dinitroaniline in aqueous solution, with a detection linear range of 0.1 to 300 μM and a detection limit of 0.05 μM, surpassing the national third‐level emission standard. These findings highlight the potential of CP CIT‐E as a promising material for the detection of explosive nitroaromatic compounds.
The State Urge to be Physically Active‐Questionnaire (SUPA‐Q): Development and validation of a state measure of activity urges in patients with eating disorders
Authors: Amin Lina , Halbeisen Georg , Braks Karsten , Huber Thomas J. , Paslakis Georgios
Published: August 2023

Objective

Many people, including patients with eating disorders (EDs), experience an increased urge for physical activity. “Trait”‐like activity in patients with EDs is assessed by existing questionnaires, but there are few clinically validated assessments of a “state” urge to be physically active. Here, we developed and validated the State Urge to be Physically Active‐Questionnaire (SUPA‐Q).

Methods

After developing and piloting the items, N = 126 patients with EDs (mostly anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa) took part in our mixed‐longitudinal validation study with one primary assessment for all patients and a secondary assessment for a subsample of patients. Cronbach's α and split‐half‐methods served as measures of consistency and reliability. Correlations with other questionnaires were used to determine convergent and divergent validity, and confirmatory factor analysis was used for investigating factorial validity. We used paired‐samples t‐tests for repeated assessments to investigate change sensitivity.

Results

We found the SUPA‐Q to be highly consistent, and reliable and to demonstrate convergent, divergent, and factorial validity. The comparison of SUPA‐Q scores from repeated assessments within a subsample of patients demonstrated the questionnaire's change sensitivity, Cohen's d = 0.48. Moreover, an increase in SUPA‐Q scores was associated with a less positive mood, more anxiety, more body dissatisfaction, more tenseness, less feelings of control, and more stress.

Discussion

The newly developed SUPA‐Q may help to accentuate the necessity to evaluate and address the acute urge to engage in physical activity in patients with EDs in clinical practice and ultimately support tailoring treatments to patients’ unique symptom patterns. The questionnaire is available at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/G2YBC.
How can we build inclusive circular supply chains? Examining the case of agricultural residue usage in India
Authors: Härri Anna , Levänen Jarkko , Malik Kamla
Published: August 2023

Circular economies can, at best, contribute to sustainable development. Nevertheless, the realisation of positive social and environmental impacts depends partially on the dynamics of actors' inclusion in circular processes. We identify factors affecting the inclusion of farmers in agricultural residue supply chains in India and the socio‐ecological impacts thereof. We also introduce a framework for designing inclusive and just circular practices. Information, resources, co‐operation, and co‐design act as mediators to socio‐ecological impacts. The failure to consider these aspects may lead to unintended negative consequences, such as declined soil health or delays in other operations. The positive outcomes of selling the residue are linked to improved livelihood opportunities, local development and health. Selling is only a partial solution, and other straw management methods, such as incorporation, should also be applied.
Self‐biased magnetoelectric composite for energy harvesting
Authors: Liu Sheng , Liao Sihua , Wei Kexiang , Deng Lianwen , Zhao Linchuan , Zou Hongxiang
Published: August 2023

The wireless sensor network energy supply technology for the Internet of things has progressed substantially, but attempts to provide sustainable and environmentally friendly energy for sensor networks remain limited and considerably cumbersome for practical application. Energy harvesting devices based on the magnetoelectric (ME) coupling effect have promising prospects in the field of self‐powered devices due to their advantages of small size, fast response, and low power consumption. Driven by application requirements, the development of composite with a self‐biased magnetoelectric (SME) coupling effect provides effective strategies for the miniaturized and high‐precision design of energy harvesting devices. This review summarizes the work mechanism, research status, characteristics, and structures of SME composites, with emphasis on the application and development of SME devices for vibration and magnetic energy harvesting. The main challenges and future development directions for the design and implementation of energy harvesting devices based on the SME effect are presented.
Physical exercise recommendations for patients with polycythemia vera based on preferences identified in a large international patient survey study of the East German Study Group for Hematology and Oncology (OSHO #97)
Authors: Felser Sabine , Rogahn Julia , Hollenbach Lina , Gruen Julia , le Coutre Philipp , Al‐Ali Haifa Kathrin , Schulze Susann , Muegge Lars‐Olof , Kraze‐Kliebhahn Veronika , Junghanss Christian
Published: August 2023

Background

Exercise therapy during cancer treatment reduces symptom burden and improves quality of life (QoL). Polycythemia vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative neoplasia associated with good overall survival (up to decades) but a significant symptom burden, including thromboembolic events and dysesthesias. There are no specific exercise recommendations for patients with PV. Thus, we aimed to determine the exercise preferences of patients with PV and to derive specific recommendations based on the most commonly reported symptoms.

Methods

This multicenter survey included patients with PV ≥18 years old. Demographic, clinical, and disease burden data were collected. The severity of selected symptoms was assessed using the adapted Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Symptom Assessment Form: 0 (absent), 1–30 (mild), 31–70 (moderate), or 71–100 (severe). The patients' information needs about physical activity (PA) and exercise preferences were recorded depending on their motivation and analyzed with regard to demographic aspects.

Results

The sample comprised 182 patients (68% female, 61 ± 12 years). The prevalence of moderate‐to‐severe symptoms was 60% for fatigue, 44% for concentration problems, and 35% for bone/muscle pain. Other commonly reported symptoms included skin reactions (49%), splenomegaly (35%), and increased bleeding tendency (28%). Overall, 67% of respondents requested more information regarding PA. Patients with PV preferred individual training (79%) located outdoors (79%) or at home (56%). Regarding the amount of training, sports‐inactive patients preferred a frequency of 1–2 times/week and session durations of 15–45 min, whereas sports‐active patients preferred 3–4 times/week and 30–60 min (p < 0.001). Higher sport‐inactiveness was observed in patients with lower educational level compared to patients with higher educational level (69% vs. 50%, p = 0.021). For beginners, combined resistance‐endurance (circuit) training two times/week, which can be performed outdoors or at home, should be recommended. In the case of splenomegaly or bleeding symptoms, exercises with a low injury risk should be chosen.

Conclusion

PA is important for patients with PV; therefore, counseling should be integrated into the treatment plan. Specifically, patients with low educational level should be addressed. Prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the effects of the novel exercise recommendations.
Identification of lymph node metastasis in pre‐operation cervical cancer patients by weakly supervised deep learning from histopathological whole‐slide biopsy images
Authors: Liu Qingqing , Jiang Nan , Hao Yiping , Hao Chunyan , Wang Wei , Bian Tingting , Wang Xiaohong , Li Hua , zhang Yan , Kang Yanjun , Xie Fengxiang , Li Yawen , Jiang XuJi , Feng Yuan , Mao Zhonghao , Wang Qi , Gao Qun , Zhang Wenjing , Cui Baoxia , Dong Taotao
Published: August 2023

Background

Lymph node metastasis (LNM) significantly impacts the prognosis of individuals diagnosed with cervical cancer, as it is closely linked to disease recurrence and mortality, thereby impacting therapeutic schedule choices for patients. However, accurately predicting LNM prior to treatment remains challenging. Consequently, this study seeks to utilize digital pathological features extracted from histopathological slides of primary cervical cancer patients to preoperatively predict the presence of LNM.

Methods

A deep learning (DL) model was trained using the Vision transformer (ViT) and recurrent neural network (RNN) frameworks to predict LNM. This prediction was based on the analysis of 554 histopathological whole‐slide images (WSIs) obtained from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. To validate the model's performance, an external test was conducted using 336 WSIs from four other hospitals. Additionally, the efficiency of the DL model was evaluated using 190 cervical biopsies WSIs in a prospective set.

Results

In the internal test set, our DL model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.919, with sensitivity and specificity values of 0.923 and 0.905, respectively, and an accuracy (ACC) of 0.909. The performance of the DL model remained strong in the external test set. In the prospective cohort, the AUC was 0.91, and the ACC was 0.895. Additionally, the DL model exhibited higher accuracy compared to imaging examination in the evaluation of LNM. By utilizing the transformer visualization method, we generated a heatmap that illustrates the local pathological features in primary lesions relevant to LNM.

Conclusion

DL‐based image analysis has demonstrated efficiency in predicting LNM in early operable cervical cancer through the utilization of biopsies WSI. This approach has the potential to enhance therapeutic decision‐making for patients diagnosed with cervical cancer.
Being a mother with anorexia: A phenomenological study of seeking and receiving professional support for white heterosexual women in the UK
Authors: Fitzpatrick Marie‐Claire , Clarke Victoria , Ramsey‐Wade Christine , Moller Naomi
Published: August 2023

Mothers are currently under‐represented in the literature on anorexia, including research on treatment, with most research focussed on female adolescents. This raises questions about how adult women and particularly those who are mothers, experience eating disorder treatment. This study provides a phenomenological exploration of lived experiences of seeking and receiving professional help and interactions with health professionals for six white heterosexual mothers who experienced anorexia while raising their children. Four themes are reported that capture the women's diverse experiences of seeking and receiving support for anorexia: (1) conflict between mothering and seeking help; (2) experiences of feeling blamed, poorly treated or misunderstood by health professionals; (3) positive experiences of seeking and receiving support; and (4) the importance of ongoing support. The women's experiences suggest that healthcare professionals should adopt a more holistic approach that acknowledges the subjective reality of the client (including their mother status) when working with mothers experiencing anorexia.
Understand transfer portal changes so you can avoid common mistakes
Authors: Romano Robert , Dasilva Delmiro
Published: August 2023

With so many changes happening in the world of college athletics, it's certainly challenging to keep up with it all. The transfer portal easily ranks as one of the biggest changes, and unless college athletics administrators constantly stay abreast of the many tweaks and specific requirements, it's easy for student‐athletes and athletics staff to get confused or make a mistake in the process. Here, we’ll catch you up on the latest in the transfer portal realm and offer a few pointers and insights along the way.
Cryogenic Ion Fluorescence Spectroscopy: FRET in Rhodamine Homodimers and Heterodimers
Authors: Kjær Christina , Vu‐Phung André , Toft Lindkvist Thomas , Langeland Jeppe , Brøndsted Nielsen Steen
Published: August 2023

The internal electronic communication between two or more light‐absorbers is fundamental for energy‐transport processes, a field of large current interest. Here the intrinsic photophysics of homo‐ and heterodimers of rhodamine cations were studied where just two methylene units bridge the dyes. Gas‐phase experiments were done on frozen molecular ions at cryogenic temperatures using the newly built LUNA2 mass spectroscopy setup in Aarhus. Both absorption (from fluorescence excitation) and dispersed‐fluorescence spectra were measured. In the gas phase, there is no dielectric screening from solvent molecules, and the effect of charges on transition energies is maximum. Indeed, bands are redshifted compared to those of monomer dyes due to the electric field that each dye senses from the other in a dimer. Importantly, also, as two chemically identical dyes in a homodimer do not experience the same field along the long axis, each dye has separate absorption. At low temperatures, it is therefore possible to selectively excite one dye. Fluorescence is dominantly from the dye with the lowest transition energy no matter which dye is photoexcited. Hence this work unequivocally demonstrates Förster Resonance Energy Transfer even in homodimers where one dye acts as donor and the other as acceptor.
Normocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis with laryngeal and intestinal tract edema
Authors: Kawakami Daisuke , Oda Yoshiko , Oka Yumi , Morita Anri , Kuroda Keiko , Hirai Yoji , Nishigori Chikako , Fukunaga Atsushi
Published: August 2023

An 81‐year‐old Japanese man presented with a history of recurrent eyelid swelling and purpura on the face, neck, and limbs. Because the initial clinical presentation was angioedema alone, the patient was treated with an H1‐receptor antagonist and tranexamic acid as for an idiopathic angioedema. The patient also experienced dyspnea simultaneously with edema on the face and limbs and was thus taken to the emergency room, where laryngeal edema was confirmed on laryngeal fiber. A good response to hydrocortisone injection was observed in the patient. ACE inhibitors were never prescribed for the patient, and there was no family history of angioedema. Laboratory data indicated normocomplementemia, and skin biopsies revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with NUV. Following hospitalization, the patient experienced appetite loss and the CRP level increased, presenting with thickening and stranding around colon tissues on abdominal CT. These symptoms responded well to prednisone treatment. Given that the initial clinical manifestation of the current case was mainly angioedema, physicians should consider that angioedema may in rare cases be diagnostic for UV.
Physiologically‐Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Drug Dosing in Pediatric Patients: A Tutorial for a Pragmatic Approach in Clinical Care
Authors: van der Heijden Joyce E. M. , Freriksen Jolien J. M. , de Hoop‐Sommen Marika A. , Greupink Rick , de Wildt Saskia N.
Published: August 2023

It is well‐accepted that off‐label drug dosing recommendations for pediatric patients should be based on the best available evidence. However, the available traditional evidence is often low. To bridge this gap, physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a scientifically well‐founded tool that can be used to enable model‐informed dosing (MID) recommendations in children in clinical practice. In this tutorial, we provide a pragmatic, PBPK‐based pediatric modeling workflow. For this approach to be successfully implemented in pediatric clinical practice, a thorough understanding of the model assumptions and limitations is required. More importantly, careful evaluation of an MID approach within the context of overall benefits and the potential risks is crucial. The tutorial is aimed to help modelers, researchers, and clinicians, to effectively use PBPK simulations to support pediatric drug dosing.
Identification and Quantification of Monosaccharides from Fungal Cell Walls and Exopolysaccharides by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Millette Pierre‐Guy , Chabot Josée , Sheppard Donald C. , Le Mauff François
Published: August 2023

The fungal cell wall and secreted exopolysaccharides play an important role in the interactions between fungi and their environment. Despite their central role in fungal biology, ecology, and host‐pathogen interactions, the composition of these polymers and their synthetic pathways are not well understood. The protocols presented in this article describe an approach to isolate fungal cell wall polysaccharides and to identify and quantify the monosaccharide composition of these polymers by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: O‐methyl trimethylsilyl monosaccharide derivatives composition analysis by GC‐MS

Support Protocol: Fungal cell wall extraction
Lithium Polyacrylate as Lithium and Carbon Source in the Synthesis of Li3VO4 for High‐Rate and Long‐Life Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yan Haokun , Pei Cunyuan , Zhang Yan , Zhao Yiwei , Chen Xun , Zhang Zongping , Zhang Dongmei , Sun Bing , Ma Huijuan , Ni Shibing
Published: August 2023

Li3VO4 is a promising anode material for use in lithium‐ion batteries, however, the conventional synthesis methods for Li3VO4 anodes involve the separate use of lithium and carbon sources, resulting in inefficient contact and low crystalline quality. Herein, lithium polyacrylate (LiPAA) was utilized as a dual‐functional source and an in‐situ polymerization followed by a spray‐drying method was employed to synthesize Li3VO4. LiPAA serves a dual purpose, acting as both a lithium source to improve the crystal process and a carbon source to confine the particle size within a desired volume during high‐temperature treatment. Additionally, the in‐situ synthesis of a porous carbon decorating skeleton prevents the growth and agglomeration of Li3VO4 particles and provides abundant ion/electron diffusion channels and contact areas. Based on the synthesis route and the constructed primary‐secondary structure, the Li3VO4 anodes obtained in this study exhibit an impressive capacity of 596.2 mAh g−1. Moreover, they demonstrate enhanced rate performance over 600 cycles during 10 periods of rate testing, as well as a remarkably long lifespan of 5000 cycles at high currents. The utilization of LiPAA as a dual‐functional source represents a broad approach that holds great potential for future research on high‐performance electrodes requiring both lithium and carbon sources.
Magnetic Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Organic Compounds
Authors: Zinna Francesco , Pescitelli Gennaro
Published: August 2023

Achiral purely organic molecules can show selectivity towards circularly polarized light in emission in the presence of a magnetic field. This phenomenon is called magnetic circularly polarized luminescence (MCPL). Recently a few examples of MCPL from organic molecules have appeared in the literature. Through this technique, interesting photophysical information can be inferred and, moreover, a few technological applications can be devised based on this principle. This short review has the purpose to give a general introduction to this recent field of research and some critical insights on the reported examples.
Loss of control eating exhibits an evening diurnal shift among females with bulimia nervosa and binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Bottera Angeline R. , De Young Kyle P.
Published: August 2023

Loss of control (LOC) is a hallmark feature of binge eating that is associated with significant distress and impairment. Despite the central role diurnal rhythms may play in the development and maintenance of LOC eating, diurnal patterns of LOC remain understudied and poorly characterised. We assessed the diurnal timing of LOC in a sample of females with bulimia nervosa and binge‐eating disorder who participated in a study assessing the impact of bright light exposure on binge eating, hypothesising that higher ratings of LOC would be more likely to occur later in the day. Participants (N = 34) completed a 22‐day protocol during which they provided LOC ratings six times daily. Kernel density estimates describing LOC ratings across times of day were compared using permutation tests of equality. Results demonstrated an evening shift in LOC, wherein higher LOC was more likely to occur later in the day and lower LOC was more likely to occur earlier in the day. This study is the first to clearly depict the phenomenon that the likelihood of experiencing higher LOC increases throughout the day, pointing to the potential role diurnal rhythms, such as disrupted appetitive rhythms or mood variations, may play in maintaining binge eating.
Internal vs Forced Variability Metrics for Geophysical Flows Using Information Theory
Authors: Sane Aakash , Fox-Kemper Baylor , Ullman David , Sane Aakash
Published: August 2023

We demonstrate the use of information theory metrics, Shannon entropy
and mutual information, for measuring internal and forced variability in
general circulation coastal and global ocean models. These metrics have
been applied on spatially and temporally averaged data. A combined
metric reliably delineates intrinsic and extrinsic variability in a
wider range of circumstances than previous approaches based on variance
ratios that therefore assume Gaussian distributions. Shannon entropy and
mutual information manage correlated fields, apply to any distribution,
and are insensitive to outliers and a change of units or scale.
Different metrics are used to quantify internal vs forced variability in
(1) idealized Gaussian and uniformly distributed data, (2) an initial
condition ensemble of a realistic coastal ocean model (OSOM), (3) the
GFDL-ESM2M climate model large ensemble. A metric based on information
theory partly agrees with the traditional variance-based metric and
identifies regions where non-linear correlations might exist. Mutual
information and Shannon entropy are used to quantify the impact of
different boundary forcings in a coastal ocean model ensemble.
Information theory enables ranking the potential impacts of improving
boundary and forcing conditions across multiple predicted variables with
different dimensions. The climate model ensemble application shows how
information theory metrics are robust even in a highly skewed
probability distribution (Arctic sea surface temperature) resulting from
sharply non-linear behavior (freezing point).
Heat transfer characteristics in non‐Newtonian fluid flow due to a naturally permeable curved surface and chemical reaction
Authors: Olkha Amala , Kumar Mukesh
Published: August 2023

In this research endeavor, Casson fluid flow and melting heat transfer due to a curved nonlinearly stretching sheet are investigated. The sheet is naturally permeable and the flow is considered in a porous medium. For flow in a porous medium, a modified Darcy's resistance term for Casson fluid is considered in the momentum equation. In the energy equation, heat transport characteristics, including viscous dissipation, are taken into account. Mass transport is also studied together with the impact of chemical reaction of higher order. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations of flow, heat, and mass transport are reduced to nondimensional ordinary differential equations using adequate similarity transformations and then solved numerically employing the bvp4c technique and Runge–Kutta fourth‐order method on MATLAB. The impacts of numerous occurring parameters on relevant fields (velocity field, temperature field, and concentration field) are depicted and discussed by plotting graphs. We concluded the curvature parameter, reduces the pace of the flow. The impacts of the stretching index, and melting parameter, are also found to reduce flow and temperature field. Furthermore, we noted that the reaction parameter, and its order, exhibit opposite impacts on the concentration field. Moreover, the numerical values of skin‐friction coefficient and Nusselt number calculated employing bvp4c and Runge–Kutta fourth‐order technique are expressed in tabular mode, and these are found in an excellent match. For validation of the results, skin‐friction coefficient values were computed using the Runge–Kutta fourth‐order technique and bvp4c solver, compared with the existing results, and a good agreement was found.
Hesperetin attenuates LPS‐induced the inflammatory response and apoptosis of H9c2 by activating the AMPK/P53 signaling pathway
Authors: Xie Zan , Yang Chunxia , Xu Tingting
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Hesperetin (HES), whose main pharmacological effects are anti‑inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. In our study, we investigated the role of HES in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammation and apoptosis in H9c2 cells.

Methods

Cell viability was assessed through MTT assay. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐β expression were quantified through RT‐qPCR assay. Secondly, the apoptosis rate was assessed by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. Finally, B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2)‐ associated X protein (Bax), adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), and P53 expression were quantified through western blot assay.

Results

Our results demonstrated that LPS stimulation decreased the cell viability, increased IL‐1β and TNF‐α expression in H9c2 cells. However, HES treatment significantly increased the cell viability, decreased IL‐1β and TNF‐α expression in LPS‐induced H9c2 cells. In addition, HES significantly increased the phosphorylation level of AMPK. Meanwhile, HES prevented against LPS‐mediated the P53 and Bax protein upregulation, and Bcl‐2 protein downregulation in H9c2 cells. More interestingly, compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) treatment eliminated the protective effects of HES.

Conclusion

Our findings revealed that HES attenuated the LPS‐mediated inflammation and apoptosis of H9c2 cells by activating the AMPK/P53 signaling pathway, suggesting that HES may be a potential cardioprotective agent.
Can EPDS and EPDS‐3A be used to replace GAD‐7 to screen the anxiety of pregnant women during pregnancy examination?
Authors: Pan Yingming , Xu Jihong
Published: August 2023

Objective

To examine the screening ability and cut‐off scores of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and EPDS‐3A for pregnancy anxiety in pregnancy examination.

Methods

This was a prospective repetitive measurement study. A follow‐up survey was performed in Chinese pregnant women with the EPDS, the 7‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD‐7) scale and a basic information questionnaire. A total of 609 women participated in all surveys at three trimesters, and all data were complete with no missing values. Receiver operating characteristic curves, Cohen's kappa and cross‐tabulation were used to test the single and combined screening ability of EPDS and EPDS‐3A for pregnancy anxiety.

Results

The areas under the curves of EPDS and EPDS‐3A were close to or more than 0.90. EPDS scores greater than 14 in the first trimester and greater than 13 in the second and third trimesters could be used as the cut‐off values. EPDS‐3A score greater than 4 could be used as the cut‐off value in each trimester. Adding the EPDS‐3A to the EPDS would lead to correct identification of an additional 6.33%, 6.35%, and 7.25% of anxious women and misdiagnosis of an additional 6.60%, 2.56%, and 2.41% of normal women in each trimester, respectively.

Conclusion

The EPDS and EPDS‐3A can be used alone or in combination for initially screening of pregnancy anxiety. Under certain conditions, they can even be used to replace GAD‐7 for anxiety screening to reduce the adverse influence of excessive screening on pregnant women, and improve the quality of survey data and efficiency of clinical services.
A smartphone‐based surveillance system for acute flaccid paralysis: A technology frames perspective
Authors: Mustapha Bashir Mohammed , Utulu Samuel C. Avemaria , Tyndall Jennifer A.
Published: August 2023

There is a consensus in the information systems (IS) discipline that conflicting views among those implementing IS could result in critical implementation challenges. Prior studies on implementing smartphone‐based disease surveillance systems highlight the emergence of diverse perceptions of the system among stakeholder groups. It is argued that these various perceptions play a role in achieving the project's objectives, particularly when there is a strong incongruence. This study examines key stakeholders' interpretations of a smartphone‐based acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance system and how these interpretations have influenced the resulting outcomes. We adopt a qualitative interpretive case study method with theoretical underpinnings of technological frames (TF). The findings were drawn from observations, and semi‐structured interviews with project managers (PMs), community health workers (CHWs), informants (CHIs), and disease surveillance and notification officers (DSNOs) in Kano and Adamawa states northern Nigeria. Our findings reveal that training, implementation context, and technical infrastructure use socially shape the smartphone‐based AFP surveillance project. The results also illustrated how TF evolve. We present a model that explains the relationship between these factors and recommendations to manage conflicting views among stakeholder groups.
RetroGREAT signaling: The lessons we learn from yeast
Authors: Bui Thi Hoang Diu , Labedzka‐Dmoch Karolina
Published: August 2023

The mitochondrial retrograde signaling (RTG) pathway of communication from mitochondria to the nucleus was first studied in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It rewires cellular metabolism according to the mitochondrial state by reprogramming nuclear gene expression in response to mitochondrial triggers. The main players involved in retrograde signaling are the Rtg1 and Rtg3 transcription factors, and a set of positive and negative regulators, including the Rtg2, Mks1, Lst8, and Bmh1/2 proteins. Retrograde regulation is integrated with other processes, including stress response, osmoregulation, and nutrient sensing through functional crosstalk with cellular pathways such as high osmolarity glycerol or target of rapamycin signaling. In this review, we summarize metabolic changes observed upon retrograde stimulation and analyze the progress made to uncover the mechanisms underlying the integration of regulatory circuits. Comparisons of the evolutionary adaptations of the retrograde pathway that have occurred in the different yeast groups can help to fully understand the process.
A detailed examination of reporting procedural fidelity in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
Authors: Bergmann Samantha , Long Brian P. , St. Peter Claire C. , Brand Denys , Strum Marcus D. , Han Justin B. , Wallace Michele D.
Published: August 2023

Few reviews on procedural fidelity—the degree to which procedures are implemented as designed—provide details to gauge the quality of fidelity reporting in behavior‐analytic research. This review focused on experiments in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (2006–2021) with “integrity” or “fidelity” in the abstract or body. When fidelity data were collected, the coders characterized measurement details (e.g., description of calculation, report of single or multiple values, frequency of fidelity checks, checklist use). The researchers found increasing trends in describing the calculation(s), reporting multiple values, and stating the frequency of measurement. Few studies described using a checklist. Most studies reported fidelity as a percentage, with high obtained values (M = 97%). When not collecting fidelity data was stated as a limitation, authors were unlikely to provide a rationale for the omission. We discuss recommendations for reporting procedural fidelity to increase the quality of and transparency in behavior‐analytic research.
Cerebral blood flow measured by diffuse correlation spectroscopy in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Lin Fang , Huang Wen , Lu Shuo , Li Jun
Published: August 2023

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) was used to measure resting‐state cerebral blood flow (CBF) in temporal lobes of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) children. Twenty‐two children with ASD and 34 age‐matched TD children were recruited to participate in the experiment. DCS signals were recorded with 3 long source‐detector (SD) channels (SD distance = 22.0 mm) and 1 short SD channel (SD distance = 10.5 mm) from each side of the temporal lobe. Significant difference in CBF between left and right hemispheres was observed in ASD group, but not in TD group. With the degree of CBF lateralization as a discrimination feature, a leave‐one‐out ROC curve was plotted with the area‐under‐curve (AUC) value of 0.731 ± 0.010, indicating children with ASD could be discriminated from TD children. This suggested CBF lateralization in temporal lobes measured with DCS might serve as a discriminative feature for ASD.