bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Reducing Continuous Emotion Annotation Effort During Video Consumption: A Physiological Response Profiling Approach
Authors: Banik Swarnali , Sen Sougata , Saha Snehanshu , Ghosh Surjya
Published: September 2024

Emotion-aware video applications (e.g., gaming, online meetings, online tutoring) strive to moderate the content presentations for a more engaging and improved user experience. These services typically deploy a machine-learning model that continuously infers the user's emotion (based on different physiological signals, facial expressions, etc.) to adapt the content delivery. Therefore, to train such models, the emotion ground truth labels also need to be collected continuously. Typically, those are collated as emotion self-reports from users in a continuous manner (using an auxiliary device such as a joystick) when they watch some videos. This process of continuous emotion annotation not only increases the cognitive load and survey fatigue but also significantly deteriorates the viewing experience. To address this problem, we propose a framework, PResUP that probes a user for emotion self-reports opportunistically based on the physiological response variations of the user. Specifically, the framework implements a sequence of phases - (a) user profile construction based on physiological responses, (b) similar user clustering based on the user profile, and (c) training a parameterized activation-guided LSTM (Long short-term memory) model by sharing data among similar users to detect the opportune self-report collection moments. All these steps together help to reduce the continuous emotion annotation overhead by probing at the opportune moments without compromising the annotation quality. We evaluated PResUP by conducting a user study (N=36) during which the participants watched eight videos, and their physiological responses and continuous emotion self-reports were recorded. The key results from this evaluation reveal that PResUP reduces the annotation overhead by reducing the probing rate by an average of 34.80% and detects the opportune probing moments with an average TPR of 80.07% without compromising the annotation quality. Motivated by these findings, we deployed PResUP by performing a follow-up user study (N=18). In this deployment scenario, we also obtained similar performance in terms of the probing rate reduction (average reduction of 38.05%), and opportune moment detection performance (average TPR of 82.26%). These findings underscore the utility of PResUP in reducing the continuous emotion annotation effort during video consumption.
Crowdsourced Geospatial Intelligence: Constructing 3D Urban Maps with Satellitic Radiance Fields
Authors: Zhao Xiaopeng , Wang Shen , An Zhenlin , Yang Lei
Published: September 2024

In urban planning and research, 3D city maps are crucial for activities such as cellular network design, urban development, and climate research. Traditionally, creating these models has involved costly techniques like manual 3D mapping, interpretation of satellite or aerial images, or the use of sophisticated depth-sensing equipment. In this work, we propose a novel approach to develop 3D urban maps by examining the influence of urban structures on satellite signals, using GPS records crowdsourced from hundreds of smartphones during everyday user movements. We introduce the concept of satellitic radiance fields (SaRF), a novel neural scene representation technique designed to capture the distribution of GPS signals in urban settings. SaRF employs a sparse voxel octree framework to depict voxel-centric implicit fields, capturing physical properties like the density of each voxel. This model is progressively refined using a differentiable ray-marching process, ultimately leading to the reconstruction of 3D urban maps. Our thorough experimental evaluation, which incorporates approximately 27.4 million GPS records, reveals an average reconstruction accuracy of 83.1% in six varied urban scenes.
ShouldAR: Detecting Shoulder Surfing Attacks Using Multimodal Eye Tracking and Augmented Reality
Authors: Corbett Matthew , David-John Brendan , Shang Jiacheng , Ji Bo
Published: September 2024

Shoulder surfing attacks (SSAs) are a type of observation attack designed to illicitly gather sensitive data from "over the shoulder" of victims. This attack can be directed at mobile devices, desktop screens, Personal Identification Number (PIN) pads at an Automated Teller Machine (ATM), or written text. Existing solutions are generally focused on authentication techniques (e.g., logins) and are limited to specific attack scenarios (e.g., mobile devices or PIN Pads). We present ShotjldAR, a mobile and usable system to detect SSAs using multimodal eye gaze information (i.e., from both the potential attacker and victim). ShouldAR uses an augmented reality headset as a platform to incorporate user eye gaze tracking, rear-facing image collection and eye gaze analysis, and user notification of potential attacks. In a 24-participant study, we show that the prototype is capable of detecting 87.28% of SSAs against both physical and digital targets, a two-fold improvement on the baseline solution using a rear-facing mirror, a widely used solution to the SSA problem. The ShouldAR approach provides an AR-based, active SSA defense that applies to both digital and physical information entry in sensitive environments.
Users' Perspectives on Multimodal Menstrual Tracking Using Consumer Health Devices
Authors: Lin Georgianna , Li Brenna , Li Jin Yi , Zhao Chloe , Truong Khai , Mariakakis Alexander
Published: September 2024

Previous menstrual health literature highlights a variety of signals not included in existing menstrual trackers because they are either difficult to gather or are not typically associated with menstrual health. Since it has become increasingly convenient to collect biomarkers through wearables and other consumer-grade devices, our work examines how people incorporate unconventional signals (e.g., blood glucose levels, heart rate) into their understanding of menstrual health. In this paper, we describe a three-month-long study on fifty participants' experiences as they tracked their health using physiological sensors and daily diaries. We analyzed their experiences with both conventional and unconventional menstrual health signals through surveys and interviews conducted throughout the study. We delve into the various aspects of menstrual health that participants sought to affirm using unconventional signals, explore how these signals influenced their daily behaviors, and examine how multimodal menstrual tracking expanded their scope of menstrual health. Finally, we provide design recommendations for future multimodal menstrual trackers.
mP-Gait: Fine-grained Parkinson's Disease Gait Impairment Assessment with Robust Feature Analysis
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Dai Haipeng , Xia Dongyu , Pan Yang , Li Zeshui , Wang Wei , Li Zhen , Wang Lei , Chen Guihai
Published: September 2024

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often show gait impairments including shuffling gait, festination, and lack of arm and leg coordination. Quantitative gait analysis can provide valuable insights for PD diagnosis and monitoring. Prior work has utilized 3D motion capture, foot pressure sensors, IMUs, etc. to assess the severity of gait impairment in PD patients These sensors, despite their high precision, are often expensive and cumbersome to wear which makes them not the best option for long-term monitoring and naturalistic deployment settings. In this paper, we introduce mP-Gait, a millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar-based system designed to detect the gait features in PD patients and predict the severity of their gait impairment. Leveraging the high frequency and wide bandwidth of mmWave radar signals, mP-Gait is able to capture high-resolution reflected signals from different body parts during walking. We develop a pipeline to detect walking, extract gait features using signal analysis methods, and predict patients' UPDRS-III gait scores with a machine learning model. As gait features from PD patients with gait impairment are correctly and robustly extracted, mP-Gait is able to observe the fine-grained gait impairment severity fluctuation caused by medication response. To evaluate mP-Gait, we collected gait features from 144 participants (with UPDRS-III gait scores between 0 and 2) containing over 4000 gait cycles. Our results show that mP-Gait can achieve a mean absolute error of 0.379 points in predicting UPDRS-III gait scores.
Move, Connect, Interact: Introducing a Design Space for Cross-Traffic Interaction
Authors: Stampf Annika , Sasalovici Markus , Meinhardt Luca-Maxim , Colley Mark , Giss Marcel , Rukzio Enrico
Published: September 2024

Rising diversity through novel forms of mobility and increasing connectivity through intelligent systems and wireless connection is leading to a complex traffic environment. However, traditional automotive interface research often focuses on the interaction between vehicle and driver, passenger, or pedestrian, not capturing the interconnected relationships among various traffic participants. Therefore, we developed a design space for Cross-Traffic Interaction (CTI) based on a focus group with six HCI experts, encompassing the dimensions: (1) interaction partners, (2) their traffic situations, and (3) their interaction relationship. Through a systematic literature review, we classified 116 publications, showing less-studied interaction possibilities. Illustrating the practical application of our design space, we developed three interactive prototypical applications: Shooting Stars, Flow Rider, and Road Reels. A study (N=12) shows that the applications were received well and could improve traffic experience. Overall, our design space serves as a foundational tool for understanding and exploring the challenges and diverse opportunities within CTI, bridging the gap between traditional automotive interface research and the complex realities of modern traffic environments.
Hypnos: A Contactless Sleep Stage Monitoring System Using UWB Signals
Authors: Li Siheng , Jin Beihong , Zhang Fusang , Wang Zhi , Ma Junqi , Ren Xiaoyong , Liu Haiqin
Published: September 2024

As a fundamental physiological process, sleep plays a vital role in human health. High-quality sleep requires a reasonable distribution of sleep duration over different sleep stages. Recently, contactless solutions have been used for in-home sleep stage monitoring via wireless signals as it enables monitoring daily sleep in a non-intrusive manner. However, various factors, such as the subject's physiological characteristics during sleep, the subject's health status, and even the sleep environment, pose challenges to wireless signal analysis. In this paper, we propose Hypnos, a contactless sleep monitoring system that identifies different sleep stages using an ultra-wideband (UWB) device. Hypnos enables automated bed localization and extracts signals containing coarse-grained body movements and fine-grained chest movements due to breathing and heartbeat from the subject, which acts as the preparation step for sleep staging. The key to our system is a seq2seq deep learning model, which adopts an attention-based sequence encoder to learn the patterns and transitions within and between sleep epochs and combines with contrastive learning to improve the generalizability of the encoder. Particularly, we incorporate sleep apnea detection as an auxiliary task into the model to reduce the interference of sleep apnea with sleep staging. Moreover, we design a two-step training for better adaptation of subjects with different severities of sleep disorders. We conduct extensive experiments on 100 subjects, including healthy individuals and patients with sleep disorders, and the experimental results show that Hypnos achieves excellent performance in multi-stage sleep classification (including 5-stage sleep classification), and outperforms other baseline methods.
Comfort in Automated Driving: A Literature Survey and a High-Level Integrative Framework
Authors: Domova Veronika , Currano Rebecca Maria , Sirkin David
Published: September 2024

The advancement of automated vehicle technology and the resulting shift from active driver control to a more passive role introduce previously unexplored factors that influence drivers' comfort. Examples include the vehicle's level of automation and the driver's preferred driving style, trust in the vehicle, and situation awareness. To structure these as a resource that can support future research, we conducted a comprehensive literature review, identifying 51 works that directly or peripherally address comfort in an automated driving context. Most of these works focus on the physical component of comfort, rooted in vehicle dynamics, while only a few consider a broader concept of comfort necessary to encompass a more expansive set of factors. Based on this review, we propose an integrative framework of 27 comfort influencing factors and their interrelationships. We categorize factors into six groups, encompassing the driving environment, vehicle physical features and automation system, and the user's activity, individual characteristics, and understanding of the automated system. These six groups are organized into the three larger categories of environment, vehicle, and user-related considerations. Patterns that emerge from the framework include that: a) some factors primarily influence physical well-being (such as motion forces), b) some contribute to discomfort (automation failures) while others contribute to comfort (secondary activities), c) some are stable and known before the trip (individual characteristics) while others change over time (environment), and d) comfort or discomfort can lead users to change either the relevant factors (level of automation) or their own behavior (secondary activities).
Characteristics of Conductive Paints and Tapes for Interactive Murals
Authors: Buechley Leah , Bustos Alyshia
Published: September 2024

This paper analyzes a collection of conductive paints and tapes. We describe and compare their electrical conductivity, durability, appearance, and cost. We investigate different means of connecting these materials to each other and other electronic components-including connection via solder, conductive epoxy, conductive adhesives, and metal mechanical fasteners. We explore different means of insulating and protecting materials and provide the results of a range of durability tests. The results are discussed in the context of the development of interactive murals-large outdoor interactive surfaces that are intended to function for years. We identify two conductive paints, CuPro-Cote and Silver/Copper Super Shield, and two conductive tapes, Copper and Tin that are highly conductive, stable across most of our testing conditions and, we believe, suitable for interactive murals.
Understanding Instant Social Control of Shared Devices in Public Spaces: A Field Trial
Authors: Chang Youngjae , Han Sookyung , Lee Hyunjong , Lee Seungchul , Kim Wonjung , Choi Jinu , McCracken Chloe Ann , Song Junehwa
Published: September 2024

Public spaces are created for the convenience of visitors, but frequently, their operation does not match individual visitors' needs. We propose instant social control as a new approach for controlling devices deployed in public spaces, envisioning the democratic and inclusive operation of the spaces. It is an approach to embrace individuals in the dynamic and unpredictable situations of public spaces, providing them with a powerful tool of immediate engagement and reflection. This research explores the use of instant social control, focusing on cases where discrepancies and conflicts arise among visitors' preferences for operating public devices. We conducted a field trial by deploying a technology probe to two real-world public spaces: a university auditorium, and a cafeteria. We collected usage logs and surveyed the users' experience with this new way of device control. We further investigated their experience through in-depth interviews with participants. Our field trial revealed a rich set of findings including voting strategies, exploratory device control patterns, users' attempts to communicate with other visitors, considerations of other visitors' discomfort, and acceptance and usefulness of instant social control of public devices.
Hide-and-seek: Detecting Workers' Emotional Workload in Emotional Labor Contexts Using Multimodal Sensing
Authors: Park Eunji , Lee Duri , Han Yunjo , Diefendorff James , Lee Uichin
Published: September 2024

Emotional labor refers to the process in which workers are required to express emotions regardless of their actual feelings by the organization. In workplaces where such display rules exist, workers experience an emotional workload. Continued exposure to emotional workload can lead to severe mental and psychological issues. Nevertheless, research on assessing emotional workload remains understudied. In this study, we propose a machine learning model to automatically evaluate workers' emotional workload in emotional labor situations through multimodal sensing. The data collection study was designed based on a call center scenario. Within the study, we manipulated customer behaviors as confederates and assessed the worker's emotional workload. As a result, this study provides a benchmark using well-known features and standard machine learning methods. We achieved an accuracy of up to 87% for binary and three-class classification cases. Finally, we discuss the significance of assessing emotional workload and considerations for its practical application in the workplace.
EarSpeech: Exploring In-Ear Occlusion Effect on Earphones for Data-efficient Airborne Speech Enhancement
Authors: Han Feiyu , Yang Panlong , Zuo You , Shang Fei , Xu Fenglei , Li Xiang-Yang
Published: September 2024

Earphones have become a popular voice input and interaction device. However, airborne speech is susceptible to ambient noise, making it necessary to improve the quality and intelligibility of speech on earphones in noisy conditions. As the dual-microphone structure (i.e., outer and in-ear microphones) has been widely adopted in earphones (especially ANC earphones), we design EarSpeech which exploits in-ear acoustic sensory as the complementary modality to enable airborne speech enhancement. The key idea of EarSpeech is that in-ear speech is less sensitive to ambient noise and exhibits a correlation with airborne speech. However, due to the occlusion effect, in-ear speech has limited bandwidth, making it challenging to directly correlate with full-band airborne speech. Therefore, we exploit the occlusion effect to carry out theoretical modeling and quantitative analysis of this cross-channel correlation and study how to leverage such cross-channel correlation for speech enhancement. Specifically, we design a series of methodologies including data augmentation, deep learning-based fusion, and noise mixture scheme, to improve the generalization, effectiveness, and robustness of EarSpeech, respectively. Lastly, we conduct real-world experiments to evaluate the performance of our system. Specifically, EarSpeech achieves an average improvement ratio of 27.23% and 13.92% in terms of PESQ and STOI, respectively, and significantly improves SI-SDR by 8.91 dB. Benefiting from data augmentation, EarSpeech can achieve comparable performance with a small-scale dataset that is 40 times less than the original dataset. In addition, we validate the generalization of different users, speech content, and language types, respectively, as well as robustness in the real world via comprehensive experiments. The audio demo of EarSpeech is available on https://github.com/EarSpeech/earspeech.github.io/.
Analyzing and Predicting Consumer Response to Short Videos in E-Commerce
Authors: Guo* Yutong , Ban Chao , Yang Jiang , Goh Khim-Yong , Liu Xiao , Peng Xixian , Li Xiaobo
Published: September 2024

This study analyzes the drivers of and predicts the outcome of consumer response to e-commerce short videos (ESVs) in terms of viewing duration. We first construct a large-scale ESV dataset that contains 23,001 ESVs across 40 product categories. The dataset consists of the consumer response label in terms of average viewing durations and human-annotated ESV content attributes. Relying on the constructed dataset, we employ econometric modeling and deep learning methods to comprehensively understand and predict consumer response to ESVs. First, by employing the mixed-effects model, we find that ESV content attributes for product description, product demonstration, pleasure, and aesthetics are key determinants of ESV viewing duration. Subsample analyses further show the heterogeneous effects of different content attributes on ESV viewing response across product categories. Second, we design a content-based multimodal-multitask framework to predict consumers’ viewing response to ESVs. We propose an information distillation module to extract the shared, special, and conflicted information from ESV multimodal features. Additionally, we employ a hierarchical multitask classification module to capture the feature-level and label-level dependencies. By conducting extensive experiments, we demonstrate that the prediction performance of our proposed framework is superior to that of other state-of-the-art models. Taken together, our paper provides novel theoretical and methodological contributions to the Information Systems and relevant literatures.
Learning the Graph Structure of Regular Vine-Copulas from Dependence Lists
Authors: Carrera Diana , Santana Roberto , Lozano Jose Antonio
Published: September 2024

Regular vine copulas (R-vines) provide a comprehensive framework for modeling high-dimensional dependencies using a hierarchy of trees and conditional pair-copulas. While the graphical structure of R-vines is traditionally derived from data, this work introduces a novel approach by utilizing a (conditional) pairwise dependence list. Our primary goal is to construct R-vine graphs that include the maximum possible number of dependence relationships specified in such lists. To tackle this optimization challenge, characterized by exponential growth in the search space and the structural constraints of R-vines, we propose two distinct methodologies: A 0-1 linear programming formulation and a Genetic Algorithm (GA). Additionally, the Randomized Constructive Technique (RCT) is employed to generate the initial population of the GA, serving as a baseline for our comparison. Experimental results reveal the superior performance of the GA over the RCT in terms of success rate, incorporating more relationships than RCT into the constructed R-vine graphs and achieving near-optimal or optimal graph structures.
A survey on NLP tasks, resources and techniques for low-resource Telugu-English code-mixed text
Authors: Maddu Sandeep , Sanapala Viziananda Row
Published: September 2024

With the proliferation of informal content on various social media platforms in the form of posts, comments, and feedback, the importance of analyzing text in code-mixed form is gaining importance. Telugu, a low-resource Indian language, has a lot of online content being generated in code-mixed form. However, the lack of large corpora, annotated data and Natural Language Processing (NLP) resources are impeding research on Telugu-English code-mixed data. This paper provides a survey of existing literature on Telugu-English code-mixed text in the areas of resources, POS tagging, Named Entity Recognition, language identification, sentiment analysis, application tasks, dialog systems, and Question-Answering. Various datasets being used by the researchers in the field, along with methods applied to them are detailed. Research gaps are identified to provide future direction for researchers working in this field.
Sonochemical Assisted Europium(III) Oxide–Graphitic-Carbon Nitride Nanocomposite for Reversible Electrochemical Detection of Quinol
Authors: Annadurai Hemarani , Vengudusamy Renganathan , Chen Shen-Ming , Lin Yu-Hsin , Ku Yuan-Han , Kao C. R.
Published: September 2024

A new sensor material was constructed to facilitate the reversible detection of Quinol (QL). QL is an isomer of dihydroxybenzene, which poses threats to the environment due to their abundance spillage and wastage from many day-to-day life and healthcare by-products. To recycle the wasted QL from industries, we have prepared a sensor that can oxidize those unwanted QL into less-carcinogenic products and further utilize the same sensor to reduce the benzoquinone into QL. We have successfully prepared the sonochemical assisted nanocomposite of fish scale-like europium(III) oxide (EuO) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) (Eu-CN). The proposed material’s structural and morphological characteristics have been proved using various instruments. In addition, the proposed sensor shows exceptional electrocatalytic activity towards QL having wider linear range from 0.01 μM to 681.09 μM with detection limit (LOD) of 4.71 nM. Also, the prepared Eu-CN sensor showed the excellent potential towards reduction of benzoquinone having wide linear range from 1 μM to 870 μM with LOD of 123.46 nM. The sensor also exhibited excellent stability in terms of longer storage and repeatability towards the detection of QL. By facilitating the Eu-CN, the real time detection of QL in tap water and river water showed a promising result.
Steam Gasification of PEMFC Catalysts: An Endothermal Process to Create Accessible Carbon Support Morphologies
Authors: Lazaridis Timon , Gasteiger Hubert A.
Published: September 2024

Platinum catalysts supported on porous carbons are considered state-of-the-art for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) due to their ability to protect Pt nanoparticles within the internal pores of the primary carbon particles. This shielding enables high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity by separating the Pt particles from ionomer contact and endows them with greater resilience against voltage cycling-induced degradation. However, the pore enclosure impedes oxygen diffusion to internal platinum particles at high current densities, incurring significant voltage losses particularly at low cathode loadings (∼0.07 mgPt cm−2). Such transport bottlenecks can be mitigated by localized oxidation, a thermal post-treatment enabling Pt particles to etch open the surrounding pore space via Pt-catalyzed carbon oxidation. The strong exothermicity of this reaction, however, is challenging for process scale-up. We explore Pt-catalyzed steam gasification of Pt/Ketjenblack as an endothermal, but otherwise functionally similar post-treatment to increase catalyst accessibility. Connecting physico- and electrochemical characterizations of steam-gasified catalysts, we identify the generation of mesopore volume to be crucial for high current density performance and efficient oxygen transport. Ultimately, locally oxidized and steam-gasified catalysts reveal subtle differences in their respective etching mechanisms, resulting in marginally less efficient pore opening, but also better ORR activity retention for steam gasification.
Role of RANKL Signaling in Bone Homeostasis
Authors: Sobacchi Cristina , Menale Ciro , Crisafulli Laura , Ficara Francesca
Published: September 2024

RANKL and its cognate receptor RANK are crucial regulators of bone metabolism in physiological as well as in pathological conditions. Here we go through the works that unveiled the paramount role of this signaling pathway. We focus on the RANKL cytokine, whose alterations are responsible for rare and common bone diseases. We describe recent insights on the regulation of RANKL expression, which provide new hints for the pharmacological regulation of this molecule. Based on the multiple functions exerted by RANKL (within and outside the bone tissue), we advise caution regarding the potential unintended consequences of its inhibition.
Effects of Low Concentration of Glyphosate‐Based Herbicide on Genotoxic, Oxidative, Inflammatory, and Behavioral Meters in Danio rerio (Teleostei and Cyprinidae)
Authors: Bortolon Ribas Eduardo , Colombo Dal-Pont Gustavo , Centa Ariana , Bueno Marcos Otávio , Cervini Ricardo , Silva Ogoshi Rosana Claudio , Locatelli Claudriana
Published: September 2024

The glyphosate herbicide is a pesticide widely used in the world and can contaminate soil, air, and water. The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of a glyphosate‐based herbicide (GBH) in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish were exposed to different concentrations of GBH (0, 50, 250, and 500 µg/L) for 96 hours. Brain, liver, and blood were collected for biochemical and genotoxicity analyses, and behavioral tests were performed. The results showed that there was a reduction in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes of catalase (CAT) and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) in the liver at all concentrations and at the highest concentration in the brain. There was also a reduction in lipid peroxidation in the liver at all concentrations of glyphosate. There was an increase in micronuclei in the blood at the 500 µg/L concentration. However, the count of nuclear abnormalities showed no differences from the control. Interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β) generation was inhibited at all concentrations in the liver and at the highest concentration in the brain. No significant differences were found in the behavioral test compared to the control. The results showed that acute exposure to GBH promoted an inflammatory event, which reduced the efficiency of antioxidants, thus producing a disturbance in tissues, mainly in the liver, causing immunosuppression and generating genotoxicity.
Successful Repair and Management of Severe Scalp Avulsion Incurred during Birth in an Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant
Authors: Takahashi Shoko , Kanai Yu , Miyazono Yayoi , Hitaka Daisuke , Fujita Yuki , Shibuya Yoichiro , Takada Hidetoshi
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Minor head trauma, such as scalp abrasion, is relatively common during vaginal delivery, whereas fatal head trauma is rare. This case report describes the successful repair and management of severe scalp avulsion that occurred during vaginal delivery and consequent hemorrhagic shock in an extremely low birth weight infant. Case Presentation. An extremely low birth weight infant (26 weeks’ gestational age) sustained extensive scalp avulsion during vaginal delivery that exposed the skull. The scalp laceration began in the frontal temporal region and extended bilaterally along the temporal region for 20 cm. The infant experienced hemorrhagic shock soon after birth due to bleeding from the wound and was placed in a closed incubator for intensive care. At 7 h after birth, the wounds were repaired using sutures. Bleeding was quickly controlled, and the infant recovered from hemorrhagic shock. A wet dressing was applied to the wound, and the flap healed without necrosis. Conclusion. We successfully repaired severe scalp avulsion in this case. Scalp avulsion can cause severe bleeding and death. Bleeding control and the preservation of circulation are the most important factors in its repair and maintenance. In this case, suturing the wound effectively controlled the bleeding, and the application of wet dressing and a high‐humidity environment thereafter may have contributed to the scalp’s engraftment.
Zongertinib (BI 1810631), an Irreversible HER2 TKI, Spares EGFR Signaling and Improves Therapeutic Response in Preclinical Models and Patients with HER2-Driven Cancers
Authors: Wilding Birgit , Woelflingseder Lydia , Baum Anke , Chylinski Krzysztof , Vainorius Gintautas , Gibson Neil , Waizenegger Irene C. , Gerlach Daniel , Augsten Martin , Spreitzer Fiona , Shirai Yukina , Ikegami Masachika , Tilandyová Sylvia , Scharn Dirk , Pearson Mark A. , Popow Johannes , Obenauf Anna C. , Yamamoto Noboru , Kondo Shunsuke , Opdam Frans L. , Bruining Annemarie , Kohsaka Shinji , Kraut Norbert , Heymach John V. , Solca Flavio , Neumüller Ralph A.
Published: September 2024

Mutations in ERBB2 (encoding HER2) occur in 2% to 4% of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and confer poor prognosis. ERBB-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors, approved for treating other HER2-dependent cancers, are ineffective in HER2-mutant NSCLC due to dose-limiting toxicities or suboptimal potency. We report the discovery of zongertinib (BI 1810631), a covalent HER2 inhibitor. Zongertinib potently and selectively blocks HER2, while sparing EGFR, and inhibits the growth of cells dependent on HER2 oncogenic driver events, including HER2-dependent human cancer cells resistant to trastuzumab deruxtecan. Zongertinib displays potent antitumor activity in HER2-dependent human NSCLC xenograft models and enhances the activities of antibody–drug conjugates and KRASG12C inhibitors without causing obvious toxicities. The preclinical efficacy of zongertinib translates in objective responses in patients with HER2-dependent tumors, including cholangiocarcinoma (SDC4–NRG1 fusion) and breast cancer (V777L HER2 mutation), thus supporting the ongoing clinical development of zongertinib.

Significance: HER2-mutant NSCLC poses a challenge in the clinic due to limited options for targeted therapies. Pan-ERBB blockers are limited by wild-type EGFR–mediated toxicity. Zongertinib is a highly potent and wild-type EGFR–sparing HER2 inhibitor that is active in HER2-driven tumors in the preclinical and clinical settings.
Evaluation and Management of Kidney Dysfunction in Advanced Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Tang W.H. Wilson , Bakitas Marie A. , Cheng Xingxing S. , Fang James C. , Fedson Savitri E. , Fiedler Amy G. , Martens Pieter , McCallum Wendy I. , Ogunniyi Modele O. , Rangaswami Janani , Bansal Nisha ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease; Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative and Resuscitation; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Hypertension; and Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research
Published: September 2024

Early identification of kidney dysfunction in patients with advanced heart failure is crucial for timely interventions. In addition to elevations in serum creatinine, kidney dysfunction encompasses inadequate maintenance of sodium and volume homeostasis, retention of uremic solutes, and disrupted endocrine functions. Hemodynamic derangements and maladaptive neurohormonal upregulations contribute to fluctuations in kidney indices and electrolytes that may recover with guideline-directed medical therapy. Quantifying the extent of underlying irreversible intrinsic kidney disease is crucial in predicting whether optimization of congestion and guideline-directed medical therapy can stabilize kidney function. This scientific statement focuses on clinical management of patients experiencing kidney dysfunction through the trajectory of advanced heart failure, with specific focus on (1) the conceptual framework for appropriate evaluation of kidney dysfunction within the context of clinical trajectories in advanced heart failure, including in the consideration of advanced heart failure therapies; (2) preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative approaches to evaluation and management of kidney disease for advanced surgical therapies (durable left ventricular assist device/heart transplantation) and kidney replacement therapies; and (3) the key concepts in palliative care and decision-making processes unique to individuals with concomitant advanced heart failure and kidney disease.
The Political Economy of China’s Presence in Africa
Authors: Bitew Birhanu
Published: September 2024

This paper seeks to examine the political economy of China in Africa to unpack whether this foreign presence represents a miracle or a mirage for the continent. Data was gleaned from books, articles, official documents and the 2021 Afrobarometer Dispatch 489 survey (AD489). The paper argues that China is a rational actor that engages with Africa to advance its national interests. The Chinese presence in Africa has elicited divergent reactions from Africans of different social groups. The non-interference principle of the Beijing Consensus has led African power elites to embrace China as a reliable partner. Yet, the reactions of local Africans are mixed. While some applaud China’s contributions to infrastructure development, others criticise it for employing debt-trap diplomacy to assert hegemonic dominance on the continent, exploit African labour and extract resources. The criticism from Africans has led China to attempt to formulate corporate social responsibility policies, establish environmentally sustainable industries and ensure favourable working conditions.
Expanded range of Nasutitermes callimorphus Mathews, 1977 (Isoptera: Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae), comparison with N. corniger (Motschulsky, 1855) and N. ephratae (Holmgren, 1910), and synonymy of N. dasyopsis Thorne, 1989 into N. nigriceps (Haldeman, 1854)
Authors: SCHEFFRAHN RUDOLF H. , ROISIN YVES , SZALANSKI ALLEN L. , AUSTIN JAMES W. , DUQUESNE EDOUARD
Published: September 2024

The imago of N. callimorphus is described for the first time. Nasutitermes callimorphus occurs from Mexico to Paraguay. Nasutitermes callimorphus is smaller in all measurements but generally resembles its widely distributed sympatric congeners, N. corniger (Motschulsky, 1855) and N. ephratae (Holmgren, 1910). Molecular phylogenetic analysis of a portion of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene and the COII mtDNA marker revealed that N. callimorphus forms a distinct clade using both maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis. Unlike N. corniger and N. ephratae, N. callimorphus does not build epigeal or arboreal carton nests. We further regard N. dasyopsis Thorne, 1989 as a junior synonym of N. nigriceps (Haldeman, 1854).
Deep Circulation Variability through the Eastern Subpolar North Atlantic
Authors: Li Feili , Fu Yao , Lozier M. Susan , Le Bras Isabela A. , de Jong M. Femke , Wang Yuan , Sanchez-Franks Alejandra
Published: September 2024

The export of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) from the subpolar North Atlantic is known to affect the variability in the lower limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). However, the respective impact from the transport in the upper NADW (UNADW) and lower NADW (LNADW) layers, and from the various transport branches through the boundary and interior flows, on the subpolar overturning variability remains elusive. To address this, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the circulation of NADW throughout the eastern subpolar basins are examined, mainly based on the 2014–20 observations from the transatlantic Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) array. It reveals that the time-mean transport within the overturning’s lower limb across the eastern subpolar gyre [−13.0 ± 0.5 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1)] mostly occurs in the LNADW layer (−9.4 Sv or 72% of the mean), while the lower limb variability is mainly concentrated in the UNADW layer (57% of the total variance). This analysis further demonstrates a dominant role in the lower limb variability by coherent intraseasonal changes across the region that result from a basinwide barotropic response to changing wind fields. By comparison, there is just a weak seasonal cycle in the flows along the western boundary of the basins, in response to the surface buoyancy-induced water mass transformation.
COVID-19 Vaccination Among Adolescents and Young Adults: Test of the Triandis Model of Interpersonal Behavior and the Health Belief Model
Authors: Brown Miraides F. , Cheruvu Vinay K. , VanGeest Jonathan B. , Smith Tara C. , Langkamp Diane L.
Published: September 2024

This study purpose was to test the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Triandis Model of Interpersonal Behavior (TMIB) in predicting COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Data from an anonymous online survey were collected. Clusters of risk perceptions of infection were identified using Latent Class Analysis, and predictive values of TMIB and HBM factors were evaluated using logistic regression models. Response rate was 30% (468 participants). There was a combined significant effect of TMIB model components (habitual health behavior, intention, and facilitation conditions) on having received ≥1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Having received influenza vaccine in the past 12 months was associated with higher odds of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Perceived vaccination benefits, and perceived risks of infection were associated with vaccine receipt; however, the HBM model performed inadequately. The HBM is commonly used in vaccine acceptance research; however, the TMIB may be more effective among AYAs.
The trading house: A relational and configurational insight into family businesses
Authors: Schnapper Sally
Published: September 2024

What analytical framework can we employ to conduct ethnographic investigation into family businesses? As sociological and anthropological perspectives increasingly extend their gaze beyond the legal confines of firms to include the kinship groups (household, business family) behind them, no existing integrative concept examines the sui generis organizations formed by these overlapping institutions. Based on fieldwork conducted among shopkeepers in rural France, this article proposes a relational and configurational approach to family business by developing an overarching category: the ‘trading house’. Combining Claude Lévi-Strauss’ analysis of the aristocratic house with feminist-inspired perspectives on domestic economy, the trading house refers to an interdependent group of (re)productive cooperation—comprising, at least, a business and a household—that, directly or indirectly, ensures the management of a transferable symbolic and material estate centered around a market activity. The relational perspective examines boundaries, resources, and interpersonal ties within the house as outcomes of an ongoing relational work, which delineates, blurs, and (dis)connects domestic, business and family spheres, all the while ensuring the historical continuity of the estate beyond its living representatives. The configurational perspective simultaneously draws attention to the (re)productive, monetary, and reputational interdependencies that bind and unite the members of the house across these shifting boundaries. This framework is particularly well-suited for understanding traditional small businesses in rural areas.
Putting Interests of Digital Nagriks First: Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act 2023 of India
Authors: Malhotra Charru , Malhotra Udbhav
Published: September 2024

The increasing application of artificial intelligence (AI) and the extensive collection, storage and analysis of personal data by service providers have heightened privacy concerns. To address unauthorised use and potential misuse of personal information, the Government of India introduced the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act on 11 August 2023 aimed at enhancing the living standards of its digital citizens, termed as ‘digital nagriks’ in this study. This research evaluates the DPDP Act’s impact on digital nagriks across six sections, starting with an introduction to the necessity of privacy legislation and an overview of global privacy laws from countries like Singapore, the European Union and China. It then explores the origin and fundamental aspects of the DPDP Act, leveraging the literature to critically analyse its implications for privacy. The study presents observations on the Act’s current state, recommends adjustments for balancing privacy with innovation and security and highlights the need for stronger enforcement mechanisms to protect digital nagriks effectively. It concludes that while the DPDP Act is a positive advancement, explicit exceptions in future regulations could further refine this balance.
The Relevance of Traditional Mechanisms of Conflict Resolution to End Localized Communal Conflicts in Africa
Authors: Kifle Alagaw Ababu , Mekonnen Kindeye Fenta
Published: September 2024

Though the “local turn” in peacebuilding increased interest in traditional methods of conflict resolution, a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of these methods vis-à-vis hybrid and modern approaches is only just emerging. This paper adds to this nascent body of research by analyzing the trends in the applications and effectiveness of different communal conflict resolution approaches to end localized conflict in Africa. The paper found out that in communal conflicts with an annual conflict-death of 25 or more, the type of conflict resolution method used and the intensity of the conflict influence the effectiveness of a communal peace agreement. This result is in line with the hypothesis that traditional mechanisms are comparatively more effective than hybrid and modern methods. In communal conflicts with less than 25 annual deaths, hybrid approaches appear to be as effective as traditional methods, though our confidence in this result is tempered by the limited size of our sample and the lack of control over ‘conflict intensity’ as a relevant variable.
Testing the Effects of Workplace Variables on the Job Burnout Among Prison Officers in India: An Application of the Job Demands–Resources Model
Authors: Lambert Eric G. , Qureshi Hanif , Jiang Shanhe , Holbrook Mia Abboud , Frank James
Published: September 2024

The current study used the job demands–resources model and survey data from prison officers in India in order to examine how workplace variables are associated with three job burnout dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced sense of work accomplishment. Job demands make the job more difficult and are generally linked to negative outcomes, while job resources make the job less difficult and are generally linked to positive outcomes. The job demands for the current study were role overload, routinization, and fear of being victimized at work, and the job resources were training views, instrumental communication, and job autonomy. Based on ordinary least squares regression results of surveys from 168 officers from a prison in the Haryana State of India, this study found that role overload was associated with higher levels of all three burnout dimensions, while routinization was only associated with higher levels of emotional exhaustion. Curiously, fear of victimization was associated with lower levels of depersonalization and reduced sense of work accomplishment. Instrumental communication was associated with lower levels of all three burnout dimensions, while training views and job autonomy had no significant effects on any burnout dimension.
Organophosphorus poisoning causing haemorrhagic pancreatitis – a case series
Authors: Anand Aditya , Kumar Munesh , Tandon SK
Published: September 2024

Organophosphorus, an insecticide used in agricultural and industrial settings, is the most common cause of poisoning in India. Organophosphorus is a nerve poison that causes irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, which leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine, resulting in excessive cholinergic stimulation of several organ systems. Several complications have been reported, but pancreatitis is quite rare and mainly due to ductal hypertension and injury to parenchyma, consequent to cholinergic hyperactivity in the pancreas. We present a case series of four cases where organophosphorus poisoning was suspected. Autopsy revealed that, in all four cases, the stomach walls were congested, pancreas showed gross haemorrhage over the surface and on cut sections, with other visceral organs showing generalised congestion. Later, after visceral and histopathological examination, all cases were confirmed as organophosphorus (dichlorvos) poisoning with haemorrhagic pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis in organophosphorus poisoning usually has a subclinical course and gets masked by the systemic effects. Haemorrhagic pancreatitis sequela of acute pancreatitis is a rare and fatal complication of organophosphorus poisoning.