bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Burden of Non-Communicable Disease and asociated factors among ART Patients in Nekemte Compressive Specialized Hospital, Western Ethiopia 2023
Authors: Benti Dugasa Garoma , Daba Debelo Diriba , Hunegna Gizew , Abdena Deressa , Etefa Alemayehu , Adugna Motuma
Published: November 2024

Background: Globally, Non-Communicable Diseases is a major and emerging public health problem. Comorbidity between HIV and Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is an increasing issue for public health in developed and developing countries. However, there was limited literature to assess the Burden and associated factors in Ethiopia.
Objective: The study aimed to assess the Burden and associated factors among people living with HI (PLWHIV) at Nekemte Compressive Specialized Hospital in Western, Ethiopia.
Method: A Facility based cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 371 study participants were selected using systematic random sampling techniques. The study was conducted from February 01 to June, 30,2023 using structured questionnaires for data collection. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify associated factors then variables with a p-value <0.05 were declared to have an association with the dependent variable.
Result: The Burden of common non-communicable disease among people living with HIV was 28.57% with 95% [CI: 24-33]. Age group between 35 years and 54 years [AOR 3.75; 95% CI: 1.73–8.14] and ≥55years [AOR 6.48; 95% CI: 2.42–17.38], participants who earn moderate and higher monthly income 1000-3000 Birr [AOR 2.33; 95% CI: 1.16, 4.67] and ≥3000 birr [AOR 2.19; 95% CI: 1.10, 4.36]. The Burden of common non-communicable diseases was considerably higher among ART patients with opportunistic infections [AOR 12.83; 95%CI: 3.65, 45.01] and lower among those with a family history of hypertension [AOR: 0.145; 0.08, 0.26].
Conclusions: The Burden of common NCD among patients on ART in Nekemte Compressive Specialized Hospital was considerably high. Government policy and programmatic interventions are required, including the integration of non-communicable disease screening into HIV programs. Interventions should be customized to the patient's age and focus on raising their awareness and knowledge of moderate and high monthly income. This is needed for disparities in age groups, income levels, and the prevalence of opportunistic diseases.
Organochlorine pesticides and epigenetic alterations in brain cancer
Authors: Yousefi Fatemeh , Asadikaram Gholamreza , Karamouzian Saeid , Abolhassani Moslem , Pourghadamyari Hossein , Moazed Vahid
Published: November 2024

Background:
Epigenetic alterations have emerged as critical factors in the pathogenesis of brain cancer, particularly gliomas. This article explores the impact of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) on the hypermethylation of key tumor suppressor genes, and some histone modifications in primary brain tumor (PBT) patients.
Methods:
This study involved 73 patients diagnosed with PBT and 15 non-cancerous brain tissue samples as contol . DNA extracted from tumor specimens was used to evaluate the methylation status of tumor suppressor genes, P16 and RRP22, using the methylation-specific PCR (MSP) technique and four histone marks (H4K16ac, H3K9ac, H4K20me3, and H3k4me2) to investigate by western blotting.
Results:
The results of MSP revealed the methylation of P22 and P16promoter regions and western blot analysis demonstrated significantly low levels of H3K9ac, H4K20me3, and H3K4me2 in PBT patients in comparison with the controls. The results of regression analysis revealed direct and significant correlations between serum OCPs concentration and methylation of P22 and P16. Furthermore, a direct and significant association was observed between hypomethylation of histones H3K4 and H4K20, as well as hypoacetylation of H3K9, with OCPs levels.
Conclusion:
This study revealed that epigenetic modifications play a significant role in the development of brain tumors, with OCPs identified as key contributors to these changes. Our research indicated that in patients with PBT, hypermethylation of the P22 and P16 gene and histone modifications correlates directly and significantly with the levels of OCPs found in their serum.
Oral Health Skills Framework for Pregnant Women: a Professional Consensus
Authors: TENENBAUM Annabelle , YAZDANBAKHSH Mehrnoosh , CERDAN Iris , CAILHOL Johann , DEANDRADE Vincent , MAURICE Aurélie , MARQUILLIER Thomas , MARGAT Aurore , LOMBRAIL Pierre , GAGNAYRE Rémi , RIQUET Sébastien , AZOGUI-LEVY Sylvie
Published: November 2024

Background
Pregnancy is a period susceptible to oral pathologies such as periodontal disease and dental caries, which have been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Research shows that a child’s oral health is shaped by complex individual and collective factors and is closely tied to the health of their parents, particularly their mothers. Although oral health education interventions are offered during pregnancy follow-ups, their effectiveness is difficult to assess. This study presents a competency framework for pregnant women through oral health education programs, serving as a resource for healthcare professionals.
Methods
A three-round Delphi method assessed professional experts' opinions. A literature review generated 40 resources that informed the first-round questionnaire, structured into two sections (pregnant woman and child). Three main families of skill (preventing, monitoring caries/periodontal disease, seeking dental care) were divided into 96 contributory learning objectives, categorized by knowledge, practices, and attitudes. Experts rated the usefulness of each objective on a 5-point Likert scale, with consensus set at 70%. The expert panel comprised 21 perinatal professionals (midwives, pediatricians, gynecologists, general practitioners, dentists, pharmacists).
Results
In the first round, 59% of objectives were rated very useful. Forty objectives failed to find consensus and were reformulated for the second round. Oral hygiene achieved better consensus than nutrition-related fields of application. After three rounds, four areas still lacked consensus: the risk of preeclampsia related to periodontal disease, breastfeeding’s impact on oral health, women's search for oral health information, and saliva's protective role. A consensus-based competency framework for pregnant women's oral health education was developed centered on three key competencies: preventing oral diseases, participating in care plans, and asserting rights.
Conclusions
Reaching a consensus on women's oral health skills is essential for a cross-disciplinary approach to common prevention strategies and oral health education during the perinatal period. Further work is needed to define implementation strategies environments and identify professionals suited for delivering brief oral health interventions during pregnancy follow-ups.
The joint estimation of uncertainty and its relationship with psychotic-like traits and psychometric schizotypy
Authors: Gibbs-Dean Toni , Katthagen Teresa , Hu Ruixin , Westwater Margaret , Spencer Thomas , Diederen Kelly
Published: November 2024

Learning involves estimating if new observations are meaningful. This depends on beliefs about distinct but interconnected sources of uncertainty: volatility and noise (stochasticity). While psychosis has been linked to altered volatility processing, studies have not accounted for the computationally interdependent nature of noise. We developed and tested a novel learning task that manipulated uncertainty using “ground truth” probability distributions, and incentivized participants to provide explicit trial-by-trial estimates of noise and volatility. Capitalizing on the presence of psychotic-like traits in the general population, the task was applied in two online experiments (Ns=580/147) and one in-person sample (N=19). While most participants learnt according to a normative account of statistical inference, psychometric schizotypy and delusional ideation displayed non-normative learning patterns, whereas poorer performance in paranoid ideation was underpinned by a poorer grasp of underlying statistical contingencies. All psychosis traits showed inflexible belief updating to changes in uncertainty. Computational modeling suggested that non-normative learning may stem from difficulties inferring noise, causing noisy inputs to be misinterpreted as meaningful. Capturing the multifaceted nature of uncertainty offers valuable insights for understanding psychosis and developing clinically meaningful computational phenotypes.
Effect of a comprehensive intervention program of Vivifrail (C) combined with reminiscence therapy on healthy aging of rural older adults : Study rationale and protocol design for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Shasha , Xu Lijun , Deng Qingxian , Yang Xinyu , Li Yue , Song Xiaofang
Published: November 2024

Background: Vivifrail multicomponent exercise may promote health in older adults， but no comprehensive intervention design reports have been found combining it with reminiscence therapy (RT).
Objective: This study aims to construct a comprehensive intervention program of Vivifrail multicomponent exercise (C) combined with RT (VIVIFRAIL(C)-RT) and obtain further insight into its short-term and long-term effects on healthy aging (physical, cognitive, psychological, vitality, sensory, and social support) for rural older adults.
Methods:A randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded, parallel-arm trial will be performed in Zhejiang, China, recruiting 92 older adults (intervention group = 46, control group = 46) from two separate communities. The intervention group will receive 12 weeks of VIVIFRAIL(C)-RT, while the control group will receive health education and general exercise guidance. The primary outcomes are the Healthy Aging Scale and various functional assessments closely related to healthy aging. A secondary outcome is participant satisfaction. Outcomes will be evaluated at baseline (T0), immediately after 12 weeks of intervention (T1), and during follow-up assessments at 16 weeks (T2) and 24 weeks (T3).
Results:This study is currently ongoing. Recruitment began in June 2024 and will
conclude in December 2024. Effects of the comprehensive intervention program of Vivifrail (C) combined with reminiscence therapy on healthy aging of rural older adults will be described in the protocol set principle. We will also explore the short-term effects, long-term effects, and participation satisfaction.
Discussion: This study will provide a program reference and empirical evidence for VIVIFRAIL(C)-RT in promoting healthy aging among rural older adults.
Trial registration: Registration number is ChiCTRR2300072132. Registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial on June 06, 2023.
Statistical approach to determine cutting conditions and cutting geometry for edge trimming of G/PA12 plates
Authors: Mašek Petr , Kovalcik Jaroslav , Zeman Pavel
Published: November 2024

The G/PA12 composite used in this study is made of glass-woven reinforcement and semi-crystalline engineering thermoplastic. This type of composite has potential applications, for example, in the automotive industry. The relatively low glass transition temperature and low stiffness of the matrix compared to the high abrasiveness of glass fibres make this type of composite difficult to machine. The workpieces from this type of composite are produced in a near-net-shape, but the free edges of the workpiece must be trimmed in order to achieve the required accuracy and quality of the product. This study recommends cutting conditions and cutting geometry based on statistical evaluation of force, quality and temperature measurements. The double-helix cutter significantly improved the machined surface quality compared to the standard PCD cutter. The PCD cutter was used in this study to identify key control factors for cutting conditions. By selecting the optimal helix inclination and angle, surface quality improved by up to 80%, with only a 12% increase in temperature. Increasing the feed per tooth also contributes to improving surface quality. In addition to improving quality, increasing the feed per tooth significantly affected the cutting forces. A cutting force model was developed specifically for machining this type of composite. The model's accuracy was enhanced by incorporating the effects of face angle and helix. The temperature measurement method during milling was designed to monitor critical temperature limits, such as the glass transition and melting points. An infrared camera was selected and the emissivity of G/PA12 was determined experimentally. The measurements showed that, while the glass transition temperature was exceeded in all cases, the melting temperature remained at least 47°C below the critical limit, even in the worst-case scenario.
Key Elements and Implementation Path of the Counterpart Support Policy: A Case Study of Urban Doctors Servicing in Rural Hospitals in Beijing
Authors: Lu Chen , Liu Yao , Sheng Jiale , Zou Yurou
Published: November 2024

Counterpart support policy is a pivotal public management strategy aimed at bridging regional disparities. This paper aims to explore the determinants and execution pathways of this policy, with a focus on enhancing its efficacy. Utilizing the urban doctors serving rural areas (UDSR) policy in Beijing as a case study, the research is grounded in Van Meter and Van Horn’s policy implementation framework and employs fsQCA methods to scrutinize counterpart support hospitals. The findings pinpoint three critical factors shaping the policy's impact: the number of support projects, the diversification of subsidy sources, and the prescription rights for urban doctors working in rural medical institutions. Four distinct implementation pathways are identified: Pathway 1 is driven by goals and cognition, Pathway 2 by professional matching, Pathway 3 by external funding, and Pathway 4 by a combination of comprehensive factors. Furthermore, the study traces two evolutionary trajectories for the UDSR policy's effectiveness. The dominant trajectory demonstrates enduring success through a comprehensive factor-driven approach. In contrast, the transitional trajectory showcases an evolution from initial dependency on external funding to a phase of professional and goal alignment, culminating in internal alignment with organizational attributes and the ideologies of implementers, signifying an adaptive evolution in policy execution.
The oldest continuous association between astigmatid mites and termites preserved in Cretaceous amber reveals the evolutionary significance of phoresy
Authors: Sendi Hemen , Klimov Pavel B. , Kolesnikov Vasiliy B. , Káčerová Júlia , Bonino Enrico , Azar Dany , Robin Ninon
Published: November 2024

Background
Among minute-sized and wingless arthropods, astigmatid mites stand out for their diverse range of symbiotic associations (parasitic, neutral and mutualistic), with both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. When inhabiting discontinuous and ephemeral environments, astigmatid mites adapt their life cycle to produce a phoretic heteromorphic nymph. When feeding resources are depleted, phoretic nymphs disperse to new habitats through phoresy, attaching to a larger animal which transports them to new locations. This dispersal strategy is crucial for accessing patchy resources, otherwise beyond the reach of these minute arthropods. In Astigmata, the phoretic nymph is highly specialized for dispersal, equipped with an attachment organ and lacking a mouth and pharynx. Despite the common occurrence of phoretic associations in modern mites, their evolutionary origins remain poorly understood. Among Astigmata, the family Schizoglyphidae represents an early derivative lineage with phoretic tritonymphs; however, our knowledge of this family is limited to a single observation.
Results
Here, we report the oldest biotic association of arthropods fossilised in amber (~130 Ma, Lebanon): an alate termite with 16 phoretic deutonymphs of Schizoglyphidae(Plesioglyphus lebanotermi gen. et sp. n.). The mites are primarily attached to the membranes of the host’s hindwings, using their attachment organs, pretarsal claws and tarsal setae. Additionally, we report new modern phoretic tritonymphs of this same family, on one of the earliest lineages of termites. These data collectively indicate that schizoglyphid-termite associations represent the oldest continuous mite-host associations. Notably, schizoglyphid mouthparts retain a distinct mouth and pharynx, absent in modern Astigmata.
Conclusion
The discovery of Schizoglyphidae mites in Lebanese amber represents the oldest known continuous association between acariform mites and their hosts. This finding demonstrates the long-term evolutionary significance of phoresy in Astigmata, evidencing a relationship sustained for over 130 Ma. It indicates that these early mites lived inside termite nests as inquilines and used alate termites for dispersal. This ancient association offers key insights into the coevolution of both mites and termites, highlighting a potential for the future discoveries of similar mites. This fossil —a stem-group Astigmata— is important for the accurate calibration of acariform mite phylogenies, advancing our understanding of these mites evolutionary history.
Land remains a blind spot in tracking progress under the Paris Agreement due to lack of data comparability
Authors: Roman-Cuesta Rosa Maria , Elzen Michel den , Araujo Zuelclady , Forsell Nicklas , Lamb William F. , McGlynn Emily , Melo Joana , Rossi Simone , Meinshausen Malte , Federici Sandro , Gidden Matthew , Keramidas Kimon , Korouso Anu , Grassi Giacomo
Published: November 2024

Carbon fluxes from land use are key to the Paris Agreement. However, data comparability issues persist between countries’ inventories and targets (Nationally Determined Contributions, NDCs), which generally include direct and indirect anthropogenic net emissions, and what models provide as Paris-aligned benchmarks (direct net emissions only). As a result, the first Global Stocktake, aiming to track collective mitigation progress, did not explicitly consider country targets for land. This blind spot leaves countries uninformed of the 2030 gap between their ambitions for mitigation on land and models’ benchmarks, affecting net-zero trajectories. We provide an analysis of land-related targets under NDC 2020, splitting reduced emissions and additional sinks. Land use holds a quarter of global mitigation pledges in 2030, mostly through conditional support (-1.5ǂ1.1 GtCO2e/yr, of which − 0.6 GtCO2e/yr are additional sinks). To provide more policy-relevant information to decision makers, it is crucial that future Global Stocktakes also include appropriate comparisons of modelled scenarios and country land-use data.
Increasing the Nighttime Lighting Duration Can Hasten Flowering of Long-day Plants
Authors: Meng Qingwu , Kramer Thomas J.
Published: November 2024

Low-intensity (≈2 μmol·m−2·s−1) photoperiodic lighting is often delivered at night to promote flowering of long-day greenhouse ornamentals when natural daylengths are short. An intermediate far-red (FR) fraction [percentage of FR light in red (R) + FR light] is necessary for the most rapid flowering in some crops, including snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) and petunia (Petunia ×hybrida), compared with a low FR fraction. Specialty light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that include R+FR light with an intermediate FR fraction are effective at floral promotion but cost-prohibitive, whereas common warm-white (WW) LEDs with a low FR fraction can delay flowering. Because the duration to saturate flowering is longer than currently used (e.g., 4 to 8 hours) for some long-day plants, we conducted a replicated greenhouse experiment to determine how the WW or R+FR LED lighting duration influenced flowering. We grew snapdragon ‘Liberty Classic Yellow’, petunia ‘Easy Wave Burgundy Star’, and petunia ‘Wave Purple Improved’ under truncated 8-h natural short days with or without WW or R+FR (1:1) LEDs operating for 0, 4, 8, 12, or 16 hours in the middle of each night throughout the experiment. Snapdragon flowered 13 to 16 days earlier (21% to 28% earlier) under R+FR LEDs than under WW LEDs regardless of the lighting duration. Increasing the lighting duration from 0 to 16 hours decreased flowering time by up to 16 days and decreased plant height and leaf number at flowering under R+FR LEDs but not under WW LEDs. For petunia ‘Easy Wave Burgundy Star’, although WW LEDs delayed flowering by 6 to 13 days but promoted lateral branching compared with R+FR LEDs, the gap in flowering time narrowed as the lighting duration increased from 4 to 16 hours. Increasing the lighting duration improved the efficacy of WW LEDs but not R+FR LEDs. Flowering of petunia ‘Wave Purple Improved’ was unaffected as the lighting duration increased from 4 to 16 hours regardless of the lamp type and was delayed by 6 to 10 days under WW LEDs than under R+FR LEDs. For both petunia cultivars, flowering time was similar under 16-hour WW LEDs and 4-hour R+FR LEDs. In conclusion, increasing the nighttime lighting duration increased the efficacy of WW LEDs at promoting flowering of petunia and increased the efficacy of R+FR LED lamps at promoting flowering of snapdragon. Delivering WW LEDs all night long can minimize flowering delay in petunia compared with R+FR LEDs. In contrast, an intermediate FR fraction was indispensable to promote flowering of snapdragon, for which WW LEDs were ineffective.
Influenza and Pertussis Vaccination Rates Among Pregnant Women in Rural and Urban Area
Authors: Regan Annette , Kaur Ravneet , Callaghan Timothy H.
Published: November 2024

This study evaluates the receipt of influenza and pertussis vaccines among pregnant women from 2012-2018 in the U.S. using data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. The data showed the percentage of influenza vaccination among rural pregnant women was lower than their urban counterparts with significant differences in certain subgroups. The data, however, for pertussis vaccination in pregnant women across the urban-rural continuum showed similar percentages overall but with some differences observed in subgroups. This study suggests important gains have been made in maternal vaccination, but significant differences persist across the urban-rural continuum.
Analysis of an Innovative Approach to Target Rural Communities in Public Health Funding
Authors: Callaghan Timothy H. , Falia Gogoal , Greer Earl , Ramy Maya , Washburn David J.
Published: November 2024

In 2021, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) carved out $427 million in state funding to focus on combatting COVID-19 in rural communities as part of a multi-billion dollar national initiative to address COVID-19-related health disparities among at-risk and underserved populations. This brief explores the circumstances around this emphasis on rural America by interviewing relevant decision-makers and key stakeholders. The analysis indicated the funds were well supported by stakeholders and were being used in creative ways. It also allowed more rural stakeholders to be involved in public health decision making. Although it's too soon to evaluate the funds' impact on rural communities, and there have been some infrastructure and capacity challenges in using the funds, most stakeholders would encourage rural carve outs for future grant programs.
Prevalence and Mortality of Heart Disease and Related Conditions: Disparities affecting the South, Rural Areas, and American India, and Alaska Natives
Authors: Towne Jr Samuel D. , Callaghan Timothy H. , Ferdinand Alva O. , Akinlotan Marvellous , Primm Kristin , Bolin Jane
Published: November 2024

Across the U.S., major health inequities persist across several social and structural determinants of health. In this brief, we explored the intersection of these social and structural determinants across major diseases and disease-related mortality. The likelihood of stroke, angina or coronary heart disease, and heart attack (myocardial infarction) was significantly higher in the South and for American Indian or Alaska Native individuals as compared to White individuals. Rural areas of the South experienced high rates of mortality for multiple years related to congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and stroke and cerebrovascular disease. Stroke and cerebrovascular disease mortality were highest in the South as compared to all other regions. Major declines were identified in mortality rates for ischemic heart disease over time (2006-2016). Both region and rurality were critical in assessing mortality with major variation in rates of mortality across each. Major inequities identified in this brief can serve as targets for policymakers in terms of providing additional resources to help reduce the burden of disease facing at-risk populations, particularly rural residents, residents of the South, and American Indians and Alaska Natives.
The Development of Telehealth Laws in the U.S. from 2008 to 2015: A Legal landscape
Authors: Schmit Carson D. , Ferdinand Alva O. , Callaghan Timothy H. , Kageyama Mariko , Khodakarami Nima , Morrisey Michael A.
Published: November 2024

Rapid technological advances make telehealth a moving target for regulators. This study examines the scope and evolving nature of telehealth statutes (i.e., laws passed by state legislatures) and regulations (i.e., laws promulgated by state executive agencies) in the U.S. Our research aims to understand changes in telehealth laws over time (2008-2015), variations in legal frameworks established across the U.S., and the extent that state laws regulate the primary care delivery through the use of telehealth. We found that the number of states with broadly worded laws that authorize a variety of healthcare professional to provide care via telehealth more than tripled between 2008 and 2015 (from 3 to 10). A legal analysis suggests that enabling regulations on telehealth payment for Medicaid are relatively rare in the eastern U.S. and that laws governing private insurance telehealth payments are more geographically defused. Examining differences in the adoption of telehealth laws by state proportions on rurality and urbanicity indicates that states with large urban populations also see the utility of a regulatory environment supports telehealth as an avenue for increased access to care for rural residents.
Agenda Ambiental no Regionalismo Sul-Americano
Authors: De Souza Leite Garcia Tatiana , Patricia Canoa de Godoy Luciene , Lilia Pasquariello Mariano Karina
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo tem por objetivo, a partir do referencial teórico do regionalismo líquido, analisar as iniciativas de integração regional da América do Sul à luz dos debates ambientais contemporâneos. O artigo analisou a agenda ambiental do MERCOSUL e da Organização do Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica (OTCA), identificando as instâncias técnicas, os temas negociados e os projetos de cooperação pertinentes à temática. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica, a análise documental e visita de campo à sede da OTCA. Como conclusão, identificou-se que a institucionalidade é fundamental para a efetividade das ações ambientais no âmbito das organizações estudadas.
Soberania e Crise Ambiental
Authors: De Souza Matilde , De Matos Nascimento Victor
Published: November 2024

Este artigo questiona em que aspectos a estrutura de governança das bacias do Prata e Ganges Brahmaputra influencia a capacidade de cooperação entre os países ripários frente aos desafios da crise ambiental. Escolhemos estas bacias pelos critérios de relevância geopolítica e importante vulnerabilidade climática. Através de análise bibliográfica sobre hidropolítica e as estruturas de governança das bacias, o estudo permitiu concluir que os países da bacia do Prata optam por acordos bilaterais e multilaterais, enquanto os países da bacia GB optam por bilaterais, refletindo preocupação com suas soberanias, além de haver pouca previsão, nesses mecanismos, para abordar a crise ambiental.
avanço liberal
Authors: Santiago Elizeu
Published: November 2024

Este artigo analisa as mudanças no pensamento político e na política externa brasileira ocorridas entre 1831, data da abdicação do imperador Pedro I, e 1837, momento marcado pelo início do regresso conservador. Argumentaremos que a centralização da formulação de política externa e a prevalência do princípio monárquico observados no Primeiro Reinado foram revertidos na direção descentralizadora do aparato estatal, cujos resultados, no campo diplomático, permitiram o controle, por parte do Parlamento, dos assuntos de política externa. Fora período marcado pela crítica exacerbada à política externa pedrista e pelo generalizado encantamento das virtualidades do panamericanismo, este último irrealizado frente às concretudes circunstanciais.
ABOUT VISUAL SOURCES ON THE HISTORY OF THE KAZAKH ASSR: SOME STUDY QUESTIONS
Authors:   Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Amanzholova Dina A.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to visual sources on the history of the Kazakh ASSR, which are still little included in the systematic field of historical research. They are an important component of the analysis of the Soviet ethno-national policy of the 1920s–1930s, since they captured the transition of Kazakh society from tradition to modernity, deep socio-economic and other transformations in autonomy. Along with the traditional archival and published written historical sources available to scientists, visual sources serve a comprehensive understanding of the essence, manifestations and results of nation-building. The article examines examples of a number of documentaries that are of the greatest interest for understanding modernization shifts and ambivalent manifestations of the transformations of the era of industrialization, collectivization and cultural revolution in the Kazakh ASSR.
THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN OF NIKIU’S TRANSLATION
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Gusarova Ekaterina V. ,   Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   National Library of Russia,   St. Petersburg School of Social Sciences of the HSE University
Published: November 2024

Chronicle of John of Nikiu is a vast historical compilation, a monument of early Byzantine historiography. It represents the General history, that traditionally for this literary genre starts from the Bible history and concludes indeed by description of Arabic conquest of Egypt where it was created at the end of the 7th century AD by John, Bishop of the city of Nikiu. Most probably it was initially compiled in Greek. Its author was a witness of this turning point in the history of all African Christians. Later the Chronicle was translated in Arabic and finally in the very beginning of the 17th century in Ge‘ez. By chance it reached our days exclusively in the Ethiopic revision. Its translation in Ge‘ez was realized by the order of at that time the dowager Queen Maryam Sena and an influential warlord ras Athanatewos. In this regard, historical context, in which such influential people initiated a translation of the voluminous compilation, created in Egypt in the Coptic Church environment deserves a special attention. In particular, the uneasy for Ethiopia historical background, in which this translation was created explains the reasons of its initiation and actual existence exclusively in Ethiopian revision.
Legislative influence on the decline of public toilet provision in the UK: a case study of Leeds city
Authors: Phiri Grace , Roaf Virginia , Hutchings Paul , Evans Barbara
Published: November 2024

The provision of public toilets has declined in the UK, limiting citizens' ability to use public spaces and fully participate in society. This article investigates the legislative context of this decline by analysing the Public Health 1936, Section 87, which remains the principal legislation influencing public toilet provision. We use the Institutional Grammar Tool and a narrative case study of the history of public toilets in Leeds City Centre to unpack the weakening influence of the norm-driven policy on the provision of public toilets. We argue that changing notions of infrastructural citizenship in broader society have contributed to the abandonment of public toilets and an increasing reliance on private provision and individual independence, which are inherently more exclusionary. This article raises important questions about how fit-for-purpose the current UK public toilet policy is, and ends with a call for more robust legislation to promote greater infrastructural citizenship and ensure inclusive public spaces for all.
Differential Responses of Root Rot Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani in Tolerant and Susceptible Varieties of Tomato at Various Physiological Levels
Authors: Dutta Nitaswini , Das Madhura , Ray Sarmistha
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

This study investigates the defense responses of tolerant versus susceptible
varieties of tomato against the hemi biotroph pathogen Rhizoctonia solani.

Method:

The early infection of Rhizoctonia solani was characterized by a tolerant Pusa Ruby and
a susceptible tomato variety, Oriental (VT- 946).

Result:

The microscopy experiments showed more hyphal growth in a susceptible plant than in a
tolerant one. The hyphae formed extensive branching, contacting the host surface to form a
greater number of various infection structures for penetration in the susceptible host compared to
the tolerant variety. Biochemical assays showed differences in the production of phenolics, proline,
hydrogen peroxide, and catalase in the tomato varieties.

Conclusion:

The differential expression profiles of the early response allene oxide synthase AOS
gene were obtained over time in the two hosts.
Current Trends in Molecular Modeling to Discover New Anti-inflammatory Drugs Targeting mPGES1
Authors: de Medeiros e Silva Yvnni Maria Sales , de Souza Marianny , Calazans Medeiros Daniel , De Jesus Marinho Washley Phyama , Soares da Silva Anne Dayse , Olimpio de Moura Ricardo , Santos Nascimento Igor José dos
Published: November 2024

Inflammation is a natural response to external stimuli related to the
protection of the organism. However, their exaggerated reaction can cause severe
damage to the body and is related to several diseases, including allergies, rheumatoid
arthritis, diabetes, cancer, and various infections. Furthermore, inflammation is mainly
characterized by increased temperature, pain, flushing, and edema due to the
production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as prostaglandins, and can be
controlled using anti-inflammatory drugs. In this sense, selective prostaglandin E2
(PGE2
) inhibition has been targeted and explored for designing new compounds for
anti-inflammatory drugs because it can show fewer side effects than non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids. It is a bioactive lipid overproduced
during an inflammatory process, produced mainly by COX-1, COX-2, and microsomal
prostaglandin E2
synthase-1 (mPGES-1). Recently, studies have demonstrated that
mPGES-1 inhibition is an excellent strategy for designing anti-inflammatory drugs,
which could protect against pain, arthritis, acute inflammation, autoimmune diseases,
and different types of cancers. Also, in recent years, Computer-Aided Drug Design
(CADD) approaches have been increasingly used to design new inhibitors, decreasing
costs and increasing the probability of discovering active substances and constantly
applying them to discover mPGES-1 inhibitors. Thus, here, this chapter will approach
the latest advances in computational methods to discover new mPGES-1 inhibitors that
can be promising against several inflammatory conditions. The focus is on techniques
such as molecular docking and dynamics, virtual screenings, pharmacophore modeling,fragment-based drug design, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), and
others explored by researchers worldwide that can lead to the design of a promising
drug against this target.
Integrating AI Approaches in Teaching-Learning Associated with the Mitigation of Air Pollution: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Khan Rahila Rahman , Minai Ahmad Faiz , Sharf Rushda
Published: November 2024

Pollution is a major hazard to ecosystems, human health, and the stability of
the global climate. Acknowledging the shortcomings of traditional methods, this
thorough examination investigates the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a
revolutionary instrument for reducing air pollution. A summary of the current situation
of air pollution is given in this chapter, with a focus on its significant effects. It
provides an overview of AI's ability to address environmental issues and lays the
groundwork for a full investigation of its uses. This chapter uses satellite technology,
sensor networks, and remote sensing to demonstrate how AI is revolutionising air
quality monitoring, predictive modelling, and early warning systems. It also
emphasizes AI's ability to identify pollution sources, presenting methods for measuring
pollution sources and incorporating AI findings into urban planning. It clarifies AI's
critical role in influencing public involvement, awareness, and evidence-based
policymaking. It provides examples of AI-driven air pollution solutions from around
the world, together with best practices and insights into successful projects. It discusses
privacy and equality issues as well as ethical issues related to AI in environmental
monitoring. It also points the way for upcoming discoveries and lines of inquiry,
enabling ongoing progress.
Future Trends and Innovations in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Farooq Samiya , Mishra Pooja
Published: November 2024

As we navigate the dynamic landscape of education in the 21st century, the
role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in teaching and learning continues to evolve,
presenting exciting possibilities and challenges. The future of Artificial Intelligence
will transform the educational landscape, offering unprecedented opportunities for
personalized, efficient, and engaging learning experiences. The young individual's
education levels impact a country's progress. AI will transform tradition al schooling in
the future. As robots and technology have mostly replaced skilled labourers,
manufacturing industries no longer need them. The educational system has the
potential to be extremely effective and customised to a person's personality and
abilities. This chapter explores the future trends and innovations at the intersection of
AI and education, aiming to provide a forward-looking perspective for educators,
policymakers, and researchers. The future of AI in education is examined by emerging
technologies, from advancements in natural language processing to the integration of
augmented and virtual reality; these innovations promise to enhance the educational
experience by fostering immersive and interactive learning environments. In
conclusion, a critical aspect explored is the collaborative nature of AI and human
educators. Big data analytics plays a role in shaping educational strategies and
decision-making, leveraging vast amounts of data generated by students, educators, and
institutions.
FAMILIA CACTACEAE II, SUBFAMILIA OPUNTIOIDEAE
Authors:   Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Arias Salvador , Puente-Martínez Raúl ,   Department of Research, Desert Botanical Garden (DBG), Aquino David A. ,   Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: November 2024

Para esta flora seguimos la propuesta de Cactaceae de acuerdo con Caryophyllales.org (Korotkova et al., 2021), donde, para Opuntioideae, se reconocen 17 géneros y 344 especies (+ 61 unidades infraespecíficas). En México se registran cerca de 4 géneros y 130 especies; en la región de estudio 3 géneros y 23 especies. Para una mejor comparación e identificación de las especies se recomienda revisar los estudios taxonómicos de Bravo-Hollis (1978), Hunt et al. (2006) y Scheinvar (2004), así como confrontar la información con la incluida en el portal Caryophyllales.org. La descripción de la familia y sus referencias, así como la clave de identificación de las subfamilias de Cactaceae, pueden consultarse en el fascículo 209 (Arias & Aquino, 2019) de esta Flora. Subfamilia de distribución esencialmente americana. Opuntia Mill. y Cylindropuntia (Engelm.) F.M. Knuth, han sido introducidas en diferentes regiones del mundo.
Exploring usage, usability, and functionality in the iterative testing of a co-designed preventative mental health smartphone app for University students: Monash THRIVE app. (Preprint)
Authors: McCabe Melinda , Byrne Michelle , Gullifer Judith , Smart Isabelle , Chang Chunlei , Singh Sanket , Khara Gagan , Cornish Kim
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

The emergence of digital tools in the health and mental health spaces is a necessary development to meet the growing need for preventative recognition and early care. Such tools must be appropriately tested throughout the development process to ensure they are fit for purpose and both empirically and clinically valid. However, it is also critical that these tools are developed in an iterative and user focused manner to ensure they meet user needs for usability and functionality.

OBJECTIVE

The current study explores the iterative testing of usage, usability and functionality key performance indicators of the preventative mental health app: Monash Thrive. It was hypothesised that there would be an improvement in all variables in the second iteration testing of the app compared to the initial iteration.

METHODS

Two iterative trials of the app were compared, including an initial trial of the minimal viable product (MVP) of the app across 4 weeks of use and a secondary trial of the beta version of the app, redeveloped post- MVP testing, across 12 weeks of use.

RESULTS

Despite redevelopment and resulting hypothesis there was no significant improvement observed across any variable when comparing the two trials.

CONCLUSIONS

Although testing hypotheses were not supported, these lack of findings demonstrate the core importance of iterative testing to ensure that changes or upgrades are delivering the desired improvement in usage, usability and functionality.

CLINICALTRIAL

Two trials were included in the current manuscript. Trial 1 was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622001054707). Trial 2 was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12623000131651).
Usability and Impact of the Web-Based Dementia Foundations Educational Program in Personal Support Workers (PSWs), PSW Trainees, and Care Companions: A Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Levinson Anthony J. , Ayers Stephanie , Clark Sandra , Gerantonis Patricia , Schneeberg Amy , Sztramko Richard
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Personal support workers (PSWs) are often expected to provide ongoing support for complex conditions and have identified an increased need for training in several areas, including dementia and mental health. Web-based interventions may be helpful complements to traditional in-person continuing education and training, but their effectiveness must be explored further.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to evaluate the usability, usefulness, satisfaction with, and effectiveness of the online Dementia Foundations Program among unregulated care providers who provide care to persons living with dementia or are in training.

METHODS

A cohort of 50 PSWs, PSW trainees, and paid care companions from 3 recruitment sites had access to the Dementia Foundations Program, a 4-hour self-paced online program composed of four courses, for up to 6 weeks. Usability, usefulness, and satisfaction were assessed using surveys after each course and post-program. Dementia knowledge and attitudes were measured using the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS) and the Dementia Attitudes Scale (DAS) at baseline and post-program.

RESULTS

Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the program. Of the 50 participants, 92% agreed that the online training met their expectations, 94% agreed that the training covered a broad range of topics and was not missing any important content, and 98% agreed that the online training would benefit them. There was a significant post-program improvement in dementia knowledge as measured by the DKAS, with an average 30% improvement across all cohorts. DAS scores were also significantly improved post-program across all cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS

This pilot study in PSWs, PSW trainees, and unregulated care companions demonstrated high levels of satisfaction with the online Dementia Foundations Program. There were substantial improvements in knowledge and small improvements in attitudes for participants, and it was perceived as a useful tool that complemented their existing education and training. The Dementia Foundations Program is a user-friendly and effective e-learning program, which can be conveniently scaled and spread to enhance unregulated care provider dementia education.
Harnessing ChatGPT-o1 for Thematic Analysis: A Rapid Leap Forward (Preprint)
Authors: van der Lubbe Stephanie C C , Lee V Vien , Goh Lay Hoon , Valderas Jose M
Published: November 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

No abstract required (Letter to the Editor)
Pembentukan Kata dan Makna pada Slang Penggemar Boys’ Love (BL)
Authors: Hapsari Untari Widi , Handayani Wiwik Retno
Published: November 2024

Slang adalah sebuah ragam bahasa yang bersifat rahasia dan khusus, hanya digunakan oleh kelompok tertentu (Chaer & Agustina, 2004). Penggemar boys’ love (BL) atau genre cerita romansa seksual sesama jenis antarlaki-laki, yang dianggap tabu oleh sebagian masyarakat, merupakan salah satu kelompok yang memiliki ragam bahasa slang. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk menganalisis pembentukan kata slang penggemar BL menggunakan teori Tsujimura (2014) dan makna literal serta figuratif kosakata slang penggemar BL. Data dalam penelitian ini berasal dari ujaran Virtual Youtuber yang menggemari BL dan postingan akun khusus BL pada X (sebelumnya bernama Twitter). Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa slang penggemar BL dapat dikelompokan ke dalam 9 kelompok berdasarkan jenis pembentukannya, yaitu afiksasi, penggabungan,  pemotongan, peminjaman bahasa asing, penggunaan kigou (simbol), penggunaan goroawase, pembentukan nomina dari renyoukei verba, penulisan dalam notasi katakana, dan penggunaan kanji fu (腐) dan 7 kelompok makna berdasarkan makna figuratifnya, yaitu makna sejenis akibat pemakaian kanji fu (腐), makna berkaitan dengan peran dalam BL, makna berkaitan dengan karakterisasi dalam BL, makna berkaitan dengan pemasangan (coupling) dalam BL, makna berkaitan dengan genre dalam BL, makna berkaitan dengan ungkapan khusus, dan makna berkaitan dengan preferensi mengenai BL.
Dinamika Cinta Tidak Romantis dalam Drama Doctor Cha
Authors: Puka Emanuella Fionna Laurel , Luthfiarrahman Annisa , Latifah Eva
Published: November 2024

The issue of romance is frequently used in Korean dramas and favored by the public. Not only romantic love, several Korean dramas also present the issue of non-romantic love. One drama that presents the issue of non romantic love is Doctor Cha. The purpose of this study was to describe the components and forms of love between Cha Jeongsuk and Seo Inho in Doctor Cha based on Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love. The research method used was descriptive qualitative with Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love. Out of Sternberg’s three components of love, the research findings indicated that intimacy and passion components were not found, but the decision/commitment component was found in Cha Jeongsuk and Seo Inho’s relationship. The type of love experienced by the couple is empty love. However, after the decision/commitment component disappears, the type of love in Cha Jeongsuk and Seo Inho’s relationship changes to nonlove.