bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epicardial adiposity as a predictor of COVID-19 severity in overweight and obese patients
Authors: Druzhilov M. A. , Kuznetsova T. Yu.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To evaluate epicardial adiposity (EA), verified on the basis of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness according to echocardiography, as a possible predictor of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) course in overweight and obese patients in a retrospective analysis of data.

Material and methods. We analyzed data on 165 patients (age, 45,2±4,7 years; men, 67,9%; body mass index, 31,4±3,5 kg/m2) who received outpatient or inpatient treatment for symptomatic COVID-19 in period from March 2020 to November 2021. Patients with diabetes, stage III-V chronic kidney disease and/ or cardiovascular disease were excluded from the analysis, with the exception of hypertension. EA was verified in the case of EAT thickness ≥4,8 mm for persons aged 35-45 years and ≥5,8 mm for persons 46-55 years old.

Results. Patients with EA were characterized by higher hospitalization rates (52,2% vs 9,0%, p<0,01), moderate (56,5% vs 19,7%, p<0,01), high and very high severity (17,4% vs 3,3%, p<0,01) of disease course, lung injury of CT-1, CT-2 and CT-3 (32,6% vs 9,8% (p<0,01), 21,7% vs 7,4% (p<0,05), and 15,2% vs 2,5% (p<0,01), respectively), invasive ventilation (8,7% vs 0,8%, p<0,05) and C-reactive protein >10 mg/l (69,6% vs 21,3%, p<0,01). Predictors of hospitalization for symptomatic COVID-19 according to multivariate logistic regression analysis were age, fasting glycemia, systolic blood pressure, EAT thickness, which was characterized by the highest standardized regression coefficient among other predictors (0,384, p<0,001).

Conclusion. EAT thickness may be one of the predictors of COVID-19 severity in overweight and obese patients. Persons with EA in the case of COVID-19 need more careful monitoring and measures to prevent severe course and complications.
Nursing diagnoses in elderly people with diabetes mellitus according to Orem’s Self-Care Theory
Authors: Marques Francielle Renata Danielli Martins , Charlo Patrícia Bossolani , Pires Grazieli Adrieli Rodrigues , Radovanovic Cremilde Aparecida Trindade , Carreira Lígia , Salci Maria Aparecida
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify nursing diagnoses and conditioning factors of self-care in older adults with diabetes mellitus, in the light of Orem’s Theory of Self-Care. Methods: Exploratory, descriptive study with a qualitative approach, conducted with the theoretical framework of Orem’s Theory of Self-Care. It was developed with 12 older people with diabetes, in a country’s southern municipality, between October and November 2019. For data collection, it was used individual interviews and focus groups. The data was submitted to thematic and content analysis directed to taxonomy II of NANDA International. Results: Twenty nursing diagnoses related to universal self-care requirements and health deviations were identified. All diagnoses were anchored in the supportive-education nursing system. Final considerations: The development of the disease and the consequences of chronic hyperglycemia were poorly recognized by the elderly, interfering with low adherence to self-care practices and disease control.
HIV/AIDS and the social determinants of health: a time series study
Authors: Werle Josiel Elisandro , Teston Elen Ferraz , Rossi Robson Marcelo , Marcon Sonia Silva , Sá Jennyfer Soares de , Frota Oleci Pereira , Ferreira Júnior Marcos Antonio , Andrade Gleice Kelli Santana de
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the time trend, spatial distribution, and the cases of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases with social determinants of health. Methods: Ecological and analytical study, carried out based on the cases of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome notified in a state in the Brazilian Midwest, from 2009 to 2018. The study used descriptive analysis, polynomial regression, and geospatial analysis. Results: In 10 years, there were 9,157 notifications, growing each year. There was a growing trend for both sexes (p<0.001, r2=0.94). The City Human Development Index was related to the higher number of cases (city of notification, p=0.01; and city where the person lives, p=0.02). The highest concentration was in cities that house health macro-regions. Conclusion: Social determinants have a relationship with the time trend and the spatial distribution of cases and can direct strategies for prevention and care.
Prevalence and factors associated with poor sleep quality among nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kantorski Luciane Prado , Oliveira Michele Mandagará de , Alves Poliana Farias , Treichel Carlos Alberto dos Santos , Coimbra Valéria Cristina Christello , Gonçalves Bianca Albuquerque , Borba Larissa Silva de , Souza Thylia Teixeira
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the prevalence and factors associated with poor sleep quality among nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: a cross-sectional study, conducted in June and July 2020, with 890 nursing professionals. To screen the outcome, question 3 of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire was used, assessing poor sleep quality 30 days preceding the application of the questionnaire. Associations between variables of interest were tested using Poisson regression models. Results: the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 68%. Associated factors were moderate or heavy workload, poor assessment of working conditions, suspected infection with COVID-19, more than two thirds of the workload for pandemic and the use of psychotropic drugs. Conclusion: the study pointed out a high prevalence of poor sleep quality among nursing workers with an important relationship with working conditions.
Construction and validation of a rehabilitation nursing program for fragile elderly
Authors: Faria Ana da Conceição Alves , Martins Maria Manuela Ferreira Pereira da Silva , Aguilera José Alberto Laredo , Ribeiro Olga Maria Pimenta Lopes , Silva João Miguel Almeida Ventura da
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To build a rehabilitation nursing program to be implemented in the homes of frail elderly people and validate it by rehabilitation nurses. Methods: This is a qualitative, exploratory study, divided into two stages. The first corresponded to an integrative literature review that supported the construction of the program. The second consisted of the program content validity stage, through a focus group, in May 2021. Results: Nine experts participated in the construction and content validation of the rehabilitation nursing program for frail elderly. Two focus groups were carried out, and the final version of the program included training in life activities and particularly self-care, strength, balance, coordination and joint mobility. Final considerations: The program reached content validity, with a minimum set of characteristics that it must integrate, now requiring application in Primary Health Care for clinical validation.
Good practices with injectables: digital technology for nursing education to control infections
Authors: Roseira Camila Eugenia , Fittipaldi Thais Roberto Magalhães , Costa Lívia Cristina Scalon da , Silva Darlyani Mariano da , Dias Ana Angélica Lima , Figueiredo Rosely Moralez de
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT Objectives: to build, validate, implement, and evaluate an educational strategy for nursing professionals and students aiming at good practices in administrating injectable medications. Methods: methodological study for the development of an open course, without tutoring, in a virtual learning environment about good practices with injectable medications. Results: ten evaluators validated the educational material that supported the course “Good Practices with Injectables: actions for infection control” regarding objectives, structure, and relevance for the e-book and podcast. The evaluation by the target population (17 individuals) suggests that it is relevant and motivating. However, the forum may be the least attractive tool, and other studies should be conducted to identify its effectiveness as a tool for content retention in open courses. Conclusions: the course is open and has no mentoring for students and nursing professionals with validated educational material for this purpose may be used for nursing education in formal or informal settings.
PECTORALIS MAJOR TENDON INJURY: RECONSTRUCTION USING BONE TUNNEL AND ANCHORS
Authors: GARCIA JUNIOR JOSÉ CARLOS , CORDEIRO EDUARDO FERREIRA , LUTFI HILTON VARGAS , RAFFAELLI MAURÍCIO DE PAIVA , FADEL MAURÍCIO SALOMÃO , KOZONARA MÁRCIO EDUARDO
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to assess a new technique used for pectoralis major reconstruction using bone tunnel and fixation with metallic anchors in the contralateral cortical bone. Methods: Patients who had undergone post-surgical reconstruction of the pectoralis major at least 24 months before were assessed by the UCLA Shoulder Score and the Simple Shoulder Test and compared with the contralateral side by manual goniometry. Subgroup analysis was also performed between grafted and non-grafted patients. Results: 13 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The average UCLA score was 34.77 ± 0.12, compared with the standard 27 of good and excellent results p < 0.0001. The Simple Shoulder test mean was 11.92 ± 0.08. Grafted and non-grafted subgroups had no statistical differences for UCLA p = 0.58 and Simple Shoulder Test p = 1.00. Long term losses for elevation or external rotation were lower than 5º. No lesions recurred. All patients returned to their physical activities with no restrictions. Conclusion: The pectoralis major reconstruction technique using a bone tunnel and metallic anchors in the contralateral cortical bone was effective. However, its execution needs special care to avoid complications. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.
ATYPICAL FEMORAL FRACTURES DUE TO THE USE OF BISPHOSPHONATES: EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL
Authors: GOLFIERI FERNANDA DA COSTA , ZANON MAURÍCIO , PERCIO PEDRO PAULO VERONA
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: Show the relationship between atypical femoral fractures and prolonged use of bisphosphonates and analyze the limit of its beneficial use. Methods: Retrospective cohort study (level of evidence 2B). From Atypical fracture cases, patients who used bisphosphonates were selected and the time period of their use was analyzed. Additionally, the variables sex, age, and the side most affected were studied. Results: Nine atypical femur fractures were found, all associated with the use of bisphosphonates. The average period of use of this medication was nine years (minimum of three years; maximum of 14 years). The patients’ mean age was of 78 years (69-88 years) and all were women, with the right member being the most affected. Conclusion: The use of bisphosphonates to prevent osteoporotic fractures has been increasingly frequent and, when used for a prolonged period, it has been related to atypical fractures. Further scientific studies on doses, maximum periods of treatment, and risk-benefit in the indication of these medications are needed to assist in therapeutic management for each case. Level of Evidence II, Retrospective Study.
Inhibitory effect of thymoquinone from Nigella sativa against SARS-CoV-2 main protease. An in-silico study
Authors: Khan M. T. , Ali A. , Wei X. , Nadeem T. , Muhammad S. , Al-Sehemi A. G. , Wei Dongqing
Published: April 2022

Abstract Nigella sativa is known for the safety profile, containing a wealth of useful antiviral compounds. The main protease (Mpro, 3CLpro) of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is being considered as one of the most attractive viral target, processing the polyproteins during viral pathogenesis and replication. In the current investigation we analyzed the potency of active component, thymoquinone (TQ) of Nigella sativa against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The structures of TQ and Mpro was retrieved from PubChem (CID10281) and Protein Data Bank (PDB ID 6MO3) respectively. The Mpro and TQ were docked and the complex was subjected to molecular dynamic (MD) simulations for a period 50ns. Protein folding effect was analyzed using radius of gyration (Rg) while stability and flexibility was measured, using root means square deviations (RMSD) and root means square fluctuation (RMSF) respectively. The simulation results shows that TQ is exhibiting good binding activity against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, interacting many residues, present in the active site (His41, Cys145) and also the Glu166, facilitating the pocket shape. Further, experimental approaches are needed to validate the role of TQ against virus infection. The TQ is interfering with pocket maintaining residues as well as active site of virus Mpro which may be used as a potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 for better management of COVID-19.
Scarification and doses of Acadian®, Stimulate® and Trichoderma spp. promote dormancy overcoming in Hymenaea courbaril L. seeds?
Authors: Smiderle Oscar José , Souza Aline das Graças
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The present study establishes the following research problem: Can different concentrations of Acadian®, Stimulate®, and Trichoderma spp. be effective in promoting the emergence and vigor of Hymenaea courbaril seedlings with or without mechanical scarification? The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a 4 x 3 x 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to four concentrations (0, 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0 mL.L-1), three hormones (Acadian®, Stimulate® and Trichoderma spp.), with and without mechanical scarification, with four replicates, each of which consisting of 25 seeds. Acadian® at a concentration of 5.0 mL.L-1 in scarified seeds of H. courbaril leads to a greater increase in the percentage of emergence and percentage of normal seedlings. Stimulate® at concentrations of 10.0 and 15.0 mL.L-1 is efficient in obtaining more than 85% emergence seedlings with seeds subjected to mechanical scarification. Trichoderma spp. from 9.0 mL.L-1 does not favor gains in the percentage of normal seedlings of Hymenaea courbaril grown from seeds with and without mechanical scarification. The dose of maximum technical efficiency (DMTE) of the bioregulator Acadian® is 8.50 mL.L-1 and, in scarified seeds of H. courbaril, it increases the percentage of seedling emergence.
SMALL AS WELL AS LARGE COLORECTAL LESIONS ARE EFFECTIVELY MANAGED BY ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL RESECTION TECHNIQUE
Authors: SANTOS Carlos Eduardo Oliveira dos , NADER Lysandro Alsina , SCHERER Cintia , FURLAN Rafaelle Gaglioto , SANMARTIN Ivan David Arciniegas , PEREIRA-LIMA Júlio Carlos
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT Background Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is an easy-to-use treatment option for superficial colorectal lesions, including lesions ≥20 mm. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of EMR. Methods We evaluated 430 lesions removed by EMR in 404 patients. The lesions were analyzed according to their morphology, size, location, and histology. Lesions <20 mm were resected en bloc, whereas lesions ≥20 mm were removed by piecemeal EMR (p-EMR). Adverse events and recurrence were assessed. Results Regarding morphology, 145 (33.7%) were depressed lesions, 157 (36.5%) were polypoid lesions and 128 (29.8%) were laterally spreading lesions, with 361 (84%) lesions <20 mm and 69 (16%) ≥20 mm. Regarding histology, 413 (96%) lesions were classified as neoplastic lesions. Overall, 14 (3.3%) adverse reactions occurred, most commonly in lesions removed by p-EMR (P<0.001) and associated with advanced histology (P=0.008). Recurrence occurred in 14 (5.2%) cases, more commonly in lesions removed by p-EMR (P<0.001). Conclusion EMR is an effective technique for the treatment of superficial colorectal lesions, even of large lesions.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFICULT BILIARY CANNULATION IN A TRAINING CENTER FOR ENDOSCOPIC INTERVENTION OF THE BILIARY TRACT
Authors: CÁCERES-ESCOBAR Daniela , MUÑOZ-VELANDIA Oscar Mauricio , VARGAS-RUBIO Rómulo
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT Background This paper aims to determine factors associated with difficult biliary cannulation (DBC) that are identifiable before procedures. Methods This is a nested case-control study within a historical cohort in adult patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) from 2015-2019 in the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Colombia. This study assessed the associations among variables that could be identified before or at the beginning of procedures and the probability of DBC. These associations were evaluated through a bivariate and multivariate analysis. The study used criteria for DBC defined by the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Results A total of 498 ERCP performed in 376 patients were analyzed. Of all procedures, 144 (29%) fulfilled criteria for DBC. The multivariate analysis showed an association between DBC and the acute care hospital setting (OR:2.92; CI95% 1.70-5.01; P<0.001), redundant papilla (OR:7.26; CI95% 3.38-15.61; P<0.001), or peridiverticular papilla (OR:2.45; CI95% 1.38-4.36; P=0.002). No association was found between DBC and endoscopist’s experience, bilirubin levels, or dilation of the biliary tract. Conclusion The DBC is a frequent event. Alterations in the papilla and ERCP performed in the acute care hospital setting are the principal factors associated with DBC. This information might be useful to predict DBC and establish healthcare and administrative strategies to reduce its implications.
HIGH PREVALENCE OF NON-ADHERENCE TO ULCERATIVE COLITIS THERAPY IN REMISSION: KNOWING THE PROBLEM TO PREVENT LOSS
Authors: FRANCO Fernanda Cristina Zimmermann , OLIVEIRA Mirella Chrispim Cerqueira de , GABURRI Pedro Duarte , FRANCO Danielle Cristina Zimmermann , CHEBLI Júlio Maria Fonseca
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease whose manifestations can drastically affect the individual’s quality of life, and therefore adherence to treatment is important in order to keep it in remission. Objective To verify the prevalence of non-adherence and the influence of sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacotherapeutic characteristics associated with non-adherence to treatment of UC in remission. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted with 90 individuals diagnosed with UC in remission. The information was collected through interviews during medical consultations at Medical Clinic of Gastroenterology of Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. To verify the association of the variables under study with the outcome of interest and its measure of association, Student’s t-test or Pearson’s chi-square non-parametric test (P<0.05) was used and prevalence ratio and confidence interval were calculated. Results A high prevalence of non-adherence (77.8%) was found among patients with UC in remission. The individuals most likely to not adhere to the treatment were those aged less than 50 years, who were not engaged in paid work, with high scores for anxiety and who used more than one medication as part of the treatment of UC. Conclusion These findings reinforce that acknowledging the factors that influence the non-adherence behavior is of paramount importance for the development of strategies by health care professionals, assuring that those will be really effective to prolong, as much as possible, one of the most successful ways to maintain the UC remission period: the use of medications.
THE PROGNOSIS OF THE DIFFERENT ESOPHAGEAL NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMA SUBTYPES: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY
Authors: TUSTUMI Francisco , MARQUES Stefanie Sophie Buuck , BARROS Esau Furini , HENRIQUES Alexandre Cruz , WAISBERG Jaques , DIAS André Roncon
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT Background Neuroendocrine neoplasms are extremely rare and account for 0.4% to 2% of all malignant esophageal neoplasms. The burden of the neuroendocrine histological type on the patients’ prognosis and survival is poorly debated. This study aimed to compare the survival rates of primary neuroendocrine neoplasms compared with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Methods This is a retrospective cohort from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database. Overall survival and cancer-specific survival were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier curves and logrank tests. Proportional Cox regression models were used to evaluate variables related to overall survival. Results After eligibility criteria, 66,528 patients were selected. The mean follow-up was 22.6 months (SD 35.6). Adenocarcinoma was predominant (62%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (36%). Large cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma each account for less than 1% each. On the long-term overall survival analysis, esophageal adenocarcinoma showed a better prognosis than all the other histologic types (P-value for logrank test <0.001). With adenocarcinoma as a reference, HR was 1.32 for large cell carcinoma (95%CI 1.2 to 1.45) and 1.37 for small cell carcinoma (95%CI 1.23 to 1.53). The HR was 1.22 for squamous cell carcinoma (95%CI: 1.2 to 1.24); and 1.3 for adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (95%CI 1.01 to 1.66). For multivariate Cox regression analysis, besides age and stage, the neuroendocrine subtypes large cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma were considered independent prognostic variables. Conclusion In the esophagus, large cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma show poorer long-term survival rates than squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
DOES COVID-19 CAUSE PANCREATITIS?
Authors: EBiK Berat , BACAKSIZ Ferhat , EKiN Nazım
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT Background Viral infections can cause acute pancreatitis. Idiopathic pancreatitis has an important proportion in the etiology of acute pancreatitis. Objective To investigate the rate of development of acute pancreatitis (AP) in COVID-19 patients and to determine the rate of idiopathic pancreatitis in the etiology of this pancreatitis. Methods A total of 6.467 patients hospitalized with the COVID-19 diagnosis were included in the study. Patients diagnosed with AP based on the Atlanta criteria were identified. Etiological factors were determined in patients who developed acute pancreatitis and compared with the etiological factors in 315 patients with non-COVID-19, hospitalized with the diagnosis of AP before the COVID-19 pandemic. AP was detected in 0.1% of patients with COVID-19. While gallstone was the etiologic factor in 2 (28.6%) of seven patients who developed acute pancreatitis during COVID-19, hyperlipidemia was the factor for 1 (14.3%) patient. Moreover, the etiologic factor could not be determined in 4 (57.1%) patients, and they were regarded as idiopathic pancreatitis patients. Biliary pancreatitis was the most common etiologic factor in 315 (78.4%) patients admitted to the hospital for AP before the COVID-19 pandemic. Idiopathic pancreatitis was ranked second with 16.8%. Conclusion It was observed that there was a significant difference in the incidence of idiopathic pancreatitis between patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 (P=0.015). Results suggest that the SARS-Cov-2 virus may be among the factors leading to AP.
The Lost Promise of Progressivism
Authors: Eisenach Eldon J.
Published: April 2022

Long before the current calls for national service, civic responsibility, and the restoration of community values, the Progressives initiated a remarkably similar challenge. Eldon Eisenach traces the evolution of this powerful national movement from its theoretical origins through its dramatic rise and sudden demise, and shows why their philosophy still speaks to us with such eloquence.

Eisenach analyzes how and why, between 1885 and World War I, progressive political ideas conquered almost every cultural and intellectual bastion except constitutional law and dominated every major national institution except the courts and party system. Progressives, he demonstrates, were especially influential as a force in American politics, higher education, and the media. They created wideranging professional networks that functioned like a "hidden national government" to counter a federal government they deeply distrusted. They viewed the university as their national "Church"—the main repository and disseminator of values they espoused. They established truly national journals for a national audience. And they drew much support from women's rights advocates and other highly vocal movements of their time.

Permeated with an evangelical Protestant vision of the future, progressive thought was an integral part of the national discourse for nearly three decades. But, as Eisenach reveals, at the very moment of its triumph it disintegrated as both a coherent theory and a viable public doctrine. With the election in 1912 of Woodrow Wilson, the movement reached its peak, but thereafter lost its momentum and force. Its precipitous decline was accelerated by world war and by the rise of New Deal liberalism. By the end of the Depression it had disappeared as an influential player in American public life.

In the decades that followed, the Progressive mantle went unclaimed. Conservatives blamed the Progressives for the rise of the welfare state and many liberals cringed at their theological and imperialist rhetoric. Eisenach, however, argues that we still have much to learn about and from the Progressives. By enlarging our understanding of their thought, we greatly increase our understanding of an America whose national institutions—political, cultural, educational, religious, professional, economic, and journalistic—are all largely the product of this thinking. In other words, their ideas are still very much with us.
The Black Towns
Authors: Crockett Norman L.
Published: April 2022

From Appomattox to World War I, Black Americans continued their quest for a secure position in the American system. The problem was how to be both black and American—how to find acceptance, or even toleration, in a society in which the boundaries of normative behavior, the values, and the very definition of what it meant to be an American were determined and enforced by whites. A few black leaders proposed self-segregation inside the United States within the protective confines of an all-Black community as one possible solution. The Black-town idea reached its peak in the fifty years after the Civil War; at least sixty Black communities were settled between 1865 and 1915.

Norman L. Crockett has focused on the formation, growth and failure of five such communities. The towns and the date of their settlement are: Nicodemus, Kansas (1879), established at the time of the Black exodus from the South; Mound Bayou, Mississippi (1897), perhaps the most prominent Black town because of its close ties to Booker T. Washington and Tuskegee Institute: Langston, Oklahoma (1891), visualized by one of its promoters as the nucleus for the creation of an all-Black state in the West; and Clearview (1903) and Boley (1904), in Oklahoma, twin communities in the Creek Nation which offer the opportunity observe certain aspects of Indian-Black relations in this area.

The role of Blacks in town promotion and settlement has long been a neglected area in western and urban history, Crockett looks at patterns of settlement and leadership, government, politics, economics, and the problems of isolation versus interaction with the white communities. He also describes family life, social life, and class structure within the black towns.

Crockett looks closely at the rhetoric and behavior of blacks inside the limits of their own community—isolated from the domination of whites and freed from the daily reinforcement of their subordinate rank in the larger society. He finds that, long before “Black is beautiful” entered the American vernacular, Black-town residents exhibited a strong sense of race price. The reader observes in microcosm Black attitudes about many aspects of American life as Crockett ties the Black-town experience to the larger question of race relations at the turn of the century.

This volume also explains the failure of the Black-town dream. Crockett cites discrimination, lack of capital, and the many forces at work in the local, regional, and national economies. He shows how the racial and town-building experiment met its demise as the residents of all-Black communities became both economically and psychologically trapped.

This study adds valuable new material to the literature on black history, and makes a significant contribution to American social and urban history, community studies, and the regional history of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Mississippi.
Kenekuk the Kickapoo Prophet
Authors: Herring Joseph B.
Published: April 2022

Most of the Indians whose names we remember were warriors Tecumseh, Black Hawk, Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, Geronimo men who led their people in a desperate defense of their lands and their way of life. But as Alvin Josephy has written, some of the Indians greatest patriots died unsung by white men, and because their peoples were also obliterated, or almost so, their names are forgotten. Kenekuk was one of those unsung patriots. Leader of the Vermillion Band Kickapoos and Potawatomis from the 1820s to 1852, Kenekuk is today little known, even in the Midwest where his people settled. His achievements as the political and religious leader of a small band of peaceful Indians have been largely overlooked. Yet his leadership, which transcended one of the most difficult periods in Native American history that of removal was no less astute and courageous than that of the most warlike chief, and his teachings continued to guide his people long after his death. In his policies as well as his influence he was unique among American Indians. In this sensitive and revealing biography, Joseph Herring and explores Kenekuks rise to power and astute leadership, as well as tracing the evolution of his policy of acculturation. This strategy proved highly effective in protecting Kenekuks people against the increasingly complex, intrusive, and hostile white world. In helping his people adjust to white society and retain their lands without resorting to warfare or losing their identity as Indians, the Kickapoo Prophet displayed exceptional leadership, both secular and religious. Unlike the Shawnee Prophet and his brother Tecumseh, whose warlike actions proved disastrous for their people, Kenekuk always stressed peace and outward cooperation with whites. Thus, by the time of his death in 1852, Kenekuk had prepared his people for the challenge of maintaining a separate and unique Indian way of life within a dominant white culture. While other bands disintegrated because they either resisted cultural innovations or assimilated under stress, the Vermillion Kickapoos and Potawatomis prospered.
The Urban West at the End of the Frontier
Authors: Larsen Lawrence H.
Published: April 2022

Historians have largely ignored the western city; although a number of specialized studies have appeared in recent years, this volume is the first to assess the importance of the urban frontier in broad fashion. Lawrence H. Larsen studies the process of urbanization as it occurred in twenty-four major frontier towns. Cities examined are Kansas City, St. Joseph, Lincoln, Omaha, Atchison, Lawrence, Leavenworth, Topeka, Austin, Dallas, Galveston, Houston, San Antonio, Denver, Leadville, Salt Lake city, Virginia City, Portland, Los Angeles, Oakland, Sacramento, San Francisco, San Jose, and Stockton.

Larsen bases his analysis of western cities and their problems on social statistics obtained from the 1880 United States Census. This census is particularly important because it represents the first time that the federal government regarded the United States as an urban nation. The author is the first scholar to do a comprehensive investigation of this important source.

This volume gives an accurate portrayal of western urban life. Here are promoters and urban planners crowding as many lots as possible into tracts in the middle of vast, uninhabited valleys. Here are streets clogged with filth because of inadequate sanitation systems; people crowded together in packed quarters with only fledgling police and fire services. Here, too, is the advance of nineteenth-century technology: gaslights, telephones, interurbans.

Most important, this study dispels the misconceptions concerning the process of exploration, settlement, and growth of the urban west. City building in the American West, despite popular mythology, was not a response to geographic or climatic conditions. It was the extension of a process perfected earlier, the promotion and building of sites—no matter how undesirable—into successful localities. Uncontrolled capitalism led to disorderly development that reflected the abilities of individual entrepreneurs rather than most other factors. The result was the establishment of a society that mirrored and made the same mistakes as those made earlier in the rest of the country.
SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION OF PRECIPITATION HARDENING Fe-17Cr-4Ni-4Cu STAINLESS STEEL AT 475 °C
Authors: Ma Xue , Wang Zhijun , Tong Xuezhu , Du Xaoming , Li Tianfu , Liu Rongdeng , Liu Yuntao , Chen Dongfeng
Published: April 2022

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties in an Fe-17Cr-4Ni-4Cu alloy aged at 475 °C after different aging times were studied. Conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) studies revealed the formation of 9R-structure Cu-rich precipitates and Cr-rich α’ phase by spinodal decomposition in the samples aged at 475 °C after 100–1000 h. The fine Cu-rich precipitates and Cr-rich α’ phase by spinodal decomposition lead to a significant increase in the hardness, together in the early stages (100 h). Continued aging to 500 h leads to increased precipitation of the Cr-rich α’, which provides significant strengthening, reaching maximum hardening, despite the continued loss of hardening by weakening by the Ostwald ripening of the Cu-rich precipitates. Extending the aging time to 1000 h leads to substantial reversed austenite transformation and a large number of ripening -copper precipitates that causes softening. The results of the impact tests showed that the major fracture mode was cleavage and/or quasi-cleavage.
NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON GFRP AND AA 6061 LAMINATE COMPOSITES FOR DEEP-DRAWING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Kalidass Kavitha , Raghavan Vijayan
Published: April 2022

Fibre-metal laminates (FMLs) are a multi-layered prominent class of hybrid composites gaining keen attention among researchers due to the combined advantages of the products used for aerospace and lightweight applications. This work involves one such investigation of hybrid sandwich laminate composites of aluminium sheets and a glass-fibre-reinforced thermoplastic (GFRP) core. FRPs can be conjoined with other lightweight materials to enhance the weight-to-strength forming performance and reduce manufacturing costs. However, the thickness reduction of the components for lightweight products makes the FRP-to-metal amalgamation a great challenge. The process of warm embossing is imposed to enhance the quality of single-lap adhesive bonding in FRPs and AA 6061 thin sheets. In this investigation, the formability of a FML made of AA 6061 and GFRP is predicted based on its deformation and wrinkle formation when it is processed during deep drawing. This research paper deals with analytical and experimental results regarding the prediction of deformation cause and effect in fabricated composite laminates with orientation angles of (90°; 0°; 60°; 30°; –45°; 45°). The method of evaluation combines the usage of ANSYS PrepPost with an explicit-dynamics module that bolsters designing, drafting and analysis.
ANALYSIS OF A CRYOGENICALLY COOLED NEAR-DRY WEDM PROCESS USING DIFFERENT DIELECTRICS
Authors: Gunasekaran K. , Boopathi Sampath , Sureshkumar M.
Published: April 2022

In this research, a cryogenically cooled, near-dry, wire-cut, electrical discharge machining (CNDWEDM) investigation was performed using air, oxygen, and helium gases mixed with the minimum quantity of dielectric water as the working medium to cut Inconel-718 alloy with a molybdenum wire tool. All the experiments have been performed using the –150 °C temperature of the liquid-nitrogen-cooled wire electrode. The comparative analysis of the wire wear ratio (WWR), and the material removal rate (MRR) have been performed using an L27 orthogonal array. The air/gas pressure, mixing water-flow rate, spark current, and pulse duration are considered as influencing parameters on the cutting characteristics. It was observed from a comparative analysis that the WWR of oxygen-mist and helium-mist CNDWEDM processes are 30.39 % and 27.91 % higher than air-mist CNDWEDM, respectively. The MRR of the oxygen-mist and helium-mist CNDWEDM processes are 7.09 % and 3.60 % higher than the air-mist CNDWEDM, respectively. The contributions of the process parameters on the MRR and WWR for all three dielectric media have also been illustrated. It was observed from scanning electron microscope (SEM) images that the crater size in the wire tool of the oxygen-mist CNDWEDM is higher than the crater-size of the wire in the air-mist and helium-mist CNDWEDM.
Поверхностно-слойные блочно-порозные сорбционные системы на основе полиметилсилоксана
Authors: Платонов Игорь Артемьевич , Новикова Екатерина Анатольевна , Карсункина Алеся Сергеевна
Published: April 2022

Необходимость создавать блочно-порозные сорбционные системы, где в качестве поверхностного слоя выступает полимерный материал, обусловлена повышением требований к проведению качественных и количественных анализов атмосферного воздуха на наличие летучих органических соединений (ЛОС) вблизи промышленных предприятий. Объемно-пористые сорбенты обладают низкой скоростью процесса массообмена, что ограничивает их применение в аналитической практике. Целью работы являлось создание поверхностно-слойных блочно-порозных сорбционных систем на основе полимерного материала полиметилсилоксана и исследование их свойств.

Основой для описанных в работе сорбционных систем является блочно-порозный материал, на поверхность которого нанесена тонкая пленка полимерного материала – полиметилсилоксана. На начальном этапе работы проводилось создание образцов сорбционных систем, включающее формирование блока основы заданной геометрии, предподготовка поверхности путем травления и оксидирования, нанесение пленки полимерного материала. Отмечено, что наибольшая толщина пленки наблюдается у необработанного образца, что связано с большей адгезией к более гладкой поверхности, по сравнению с другими образцами. Для проведения сорбции через полученные образцы пропускали газовую смесь «гексан в воздухе». Показано, что при выбранных условиях сорбции (концентрация компонента в исходной газовой смеси 0.3 мг/дм3, объем газовой смеси – 20 см3) на блочно-порозных сорбционная системах сорбируется в среднем 94% компонента, при использовании порошкообразного сорбционного материала – практически 100%.

Извлечение компонента из сорбционных систем проводили путем статической термодесорбции при температуре 120оС в течение 30 минут. Наибольшая степень извлечения при десорбции наблюдается у образцов сорбционных систем, доя которых толщина пленки ПМС была наименьшей и порозность после нанесения пленки наибольшей. Стоит отметить, что наименьшее значение степени извлечения при десорбции получено при использовании хроматона N-AW, модифицированного ПМС. Как видно из представленных данных, наличие порозности, т.е. свободного пространства внутри сорбционной системы, приводит к увеличению эффективности массообменных процессов и, как следствие, увеличению эффективности десорбции. Показана возможность многократного использования полученных образцов, что подтверждается стабильными значениями степеней извлечения при сорбции (ОСКО не превышает 4%).
Влияние размера пор сорбента марки Кромасил на удерживание каротиноидов в обращенно-фазовой ВЭЖХ
Authors: Дейнека Виктор Иванович , Староверов Сергей Михайлович , Васияров Георгий Георгиевич , Буржинская Таисия Григорьевна
Published: April 2022

Исследована зависимость удерживания трех тестовых аналитов – ликопина (I), β-каротина (II) и дипальмитата зеаксантина (III), – от размера пор трех сорбентов с одинаковым химическим составом привитых алкильных (С16) групп и сопоставлены методы оценки влияния размера пор на удерживание. Выбор тестовых соединений был выполнен так, чтобы в одной из пар линейные размеры молекул были близкими (для I и II), а для любого из этих веществ по сравнению с третьим компонентом (например, для III и II) различие в размерах было бы значительным. При росте размера пор (от 80 до 160 Å) уменьшалась удельная поверхность сорбентов, поэтому и удерживание аналитов при одном и том же составе подвижной фазы заметно уменьшалось. Но по относительному удерживанию для каротинов (I и II) с близкими размерами молекул различий между логарифмами факторов удерживания практически нет. При этом для III удерживание возрастает с ростом диаметра пор сорбентов, что соответствовало известной гипотезе о том, что с ростом размера пор удерживание соединений, размеры которых превосходят 10% размера пор, должно возрастать. Однако при корректном анализе изменения удерживания при смене стационарных фаз следует учитывать изменения фазового соотношения колонок. В работе предложены два варианта сопоставления, при которых учитываются различия в фазовых соотношениях. По первому варианту сопоставляются логарифмы факторов удерживания выбранных аналитов на одной из колонок относительно аналогичных параметров для колонки сравнения. Во втором случае сопоставляются инкременты – изменения логарифмов факторов удерживания для переходов от II к I и II к III в нескольких составах подвижный фаз для различных колонок. В обоих вариантах при смене стационарных фаз для ликопина и β-каротина зависимость констант распределения от размера пор практически отсутствует, но для диэфира зеаксантина наблюдается уменьшение этого параметра, подтверждаемое анализом термодинамических параметров переноса аналитов с подвижной фазы на стационарную.
Селективный анализ озона полупроводниковыми сенсорами PdO в режиме термомодуляции
Authors: Рябцев Станислав Викторович , Обвинцева Людмила Алексеевна , Гхариб Дина Али Ахмед , Аль-Хабиб Азл А.К. , Шапошник Алексей Владимирович , Домашевская Эвелина Павловна
Published: April 2022

Статья посвящена проблеме детектирования озона полупроводниковыми газовыми сенсорами. Озон широко применяется в различных технологических процессах, однако является чрезвычайно ядовитым газом. Это определяет актуальность представленного исследования. В настоящей статье рассмотрен новый газосенсорный материал – PdO. Цель настоящей работы-повышение селективности анализа озона с помощью полупроводниковых сенсоров PdO, работающих в режиме термомодуляции. В работе использованы тонкие пленки PdO толщиной 30 нм. Изучен их резистивный отклик в озоне в режиме переменного изменения температуры по синусоидальному закону в диапазоне 50-30-50оС. Использование термомодуляции позволило выявить экстремумы на зависимости электрического сопротивления от времени в присутствии озона, что предоставляет возможность его селективного детектирования. Рассмотрен возможный механизм хемосорбции озона, определяющий специфическую форму термомодулированного отклика PdO. Проведены аналогичные сравнительные газосенсорные эксперименты с оксидом азота – близким по свойствам окислительным газом. Установлены существенные отличия формы резистивного отклика сенсора в этих двух газах, что свидетельствует о том, что сенсор PdO обладает селективностью при детектировании озона и оксида азота (IV) в режиме термомодуляции.
[RETRACTED] Greenhouse Pure CBD Gummies - Help To Reduce stress And improve Mental Health Conditions such as Anxiety And Depression v1
Authors: Pure CBD Gummies GreenHouse
Published: April 2022

[RETRACTED]

Greenhouse Pure CBD Gummies - Help To Reduce stress And improve Mental Health Conditions such as Anxiety And Depression
[RETRACTED] GreenHouse Pure CBD Gummies - Help Reduce Stress And Improve Sleep In Adults (Greenhouse CBD Gummies) v1
Authors: Pure CBD Gummies GreenHouse
Published: April 2022

[RETRACTED]

GreenHouse Pure CBD Gummies
An Investigation of Mathematics Teachers’ views on the 2018 High School Entrance Exam (LGS)
Authors: TAKUNYACI Mithat , ÇETİN Büşra Şule
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research; was aimed to determine the opinions of middle school mathematics teachers regarding the High School Entrance Exam (LGS), which was put into practice in 2018, according to the demographic characteristics of the teachers. In this study, in which quantitative research approach was adopted, the relational screening model was used. This study was carried out with 471 middle school mathematics teachers who are working in different regions of Turkey. In the study, the data collection tool, consisting of 23 questions, was developed by the researcher. As a result of the study, the most accepted opinions by the teachers are that LGS system increased the need for self-renewal and development of the teachers and the visualization of the questions facilitated the students’ understanding. Among the least accepted opinions by teachers, it was determined that the questions were similar to the written exam questions, the duration of the exam was sufficient for solving the questions, the questions were aimed at measuring the knowledge level of the students. Finally, LGS system increased the competition among students.
Antes que eu me esqueça: memórias do editor do BIB
Authors: Pessanha Charles
Published: April 2022

Testimony by Charles Pessanha, founder of the Boletim Informativo e Bibliográfico em Ciências Sociais (BIB), about his experience as editor of the journal and his participation in the formation of the system of scientific publications in the Brazilian social sciences.
A systematic review of real-world clinical practice data in COVID-19: non-interventional studies
Authors: Mishinova S. A. , Gomon Yu. M. , Kolbin A. S. , Strizheletsky V. V. , Ivanov I. G.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. As defined by the Food and Drug Administration, real-world data (RWD) is data related to a patient's health and/or health care delivery, usually collected from various sources as part of real-world clinical practice research.

Objective: to describe the feasible and the most sought-after designs of non-interventional real-world clinical practice trials that provide evidence for the efficacy and safety of drug administration in the therapy of novel coronavirus infection.

Material and methods. A search strategy for the terms “COVID-19 AND real-life”, “COVID-19 AND real-data”, “COVID-19 AND real-world” was developed to extract articles published between December 1, 2020 and March 12, 2021 from the databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the ClinicalTrials.gov database.

Results. The search yielded 137 non-repetitive articles, 32 of them were included in the review. All randomized clinical trials (pragmatic and simplified large ones), studies of the effectiveness of laboratory diagnostic methods, medical triage, social distancing and other sanitary and epidemiological measures to cope with the epidemic were excluded.

Conclusion. High-quality, non-randomized RWD studies can enhance the external validity of registration randomized clinical trials by complementing them with a broader range of indicators, which is essential in supporting medical and public health decision-making in the COVID-19 pandemic.