bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die transkripsielees van T.T. Cloete
Authors: Gouws T.
Published: May 2013

In a transcriptual approach to the literary discourse, the text as artefact is regarded as a creation of the scriptor. The artificiality of the poetics implies conscious or unconscious structuring - Cloete terms it dreamful thinking (“die dromende denke”) - by inevitably exploiting language conventions and the poetic devices, the sole purpose being that the organised composition can be the only (as well as measurable) indication of authorial intention. Likewise, in as far as language presents the relevant possibilities, authorial intention is imprinted upon the textual composition or is transposed lingually. Moreover, a transcriptual reading of Cloete texts has shown clearly that the text as language presentation exhibits a wilfulness, a creative language potency or energy which has to be activated by the reader. This dynamic, significatory potency is not constricted by the authorial intention; rather, it offers a framework within which language may claim to determinate actualisation. Realisation by the reader is therefore nothing more than a transcript of the possibilities and presentation of language. Added to this is the following qualification that this transcriptual process brings about an aesthetically realised object which is the imprint of the reader’s understanding. By reading Cloete’s poetry through transcriptually tinted glasses, the richness of this reading strategy becomes clear.
The evolution of critical responses to Fugard’s work, culminating in a feminist reading of The Road to Mecca
Authors: Bowker V.
Published: May 2013

An ongoing debate in South Africa today concerns the response of white writers, such as Athol Fugard, to the African/South African socio-historical context. As a major focus of this debate there is a relationship between history and literature, and selected critical responses to Fugard’s work of the past three decades are investigated in terms of their position regarding this relationship. All these responses, regardless of their political and/or Hterary affiliations were found to imply that some kind of truth, their truth can be represented in a fictional text. In response to this implied truth claim and in particular to certain critics’ demand for a “concrete” history, the founding insight of poststructuralism about the inability of language to reflect an already existing reality is used to justify the following approach to Fugard’s The Road to Mecca: history is merely one discourse among many without any privileged claim to primacy; Fugard’s texts, read as history, is therefore approached in the context of South African discourses competing in the game of power relations, thus justifying the feminist reading resulting from an analysis of the competing discourses in the text.
Ὀμωκότας in an anonymous fourteenth century verse-chronicle
Authors: Matzukis C.
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this paper is to examine an etymological enigma in the word ὀμωκότας, a form of an anomalous nature. This form appears only once in a fourteenth century anonymous poem of 759 lines which is contained in the Codex Marcianus 408 in the Library of St. Mark (Venice). The poem reflects events of the 1204 fall and 1261 recovery of Constantinople. The metre which is used by an anonymous poet is the popular one of the period, known as the polilical metre. The initial impression of ὀμωκότας is one of an ἃπαξ λεγόμενον but further examination reveals a linguistic idiosyncracy other than that of merely an ἃπαξ. The form ὀμωκότας appears in the section of the poem which deals with the entry into Constantinople (via the underground drains) by Strategopoulous (Palaiologos’s general). The various sources are thoroughly examined in search of the possible usage of this form in perhaps even one of the sources. The word appears nowhere. After numerous hypotheses and etymological deductions, a conclusion is ultimately arrived at and is proved to be basically the simplest one, with an obvious explanation.
Realisme en representasie in wetenskap en literatuur
Authors: Botha M. E.
Published: May 2013

Although there are important areas of overlap, the problem of realism differs in the contexts of philosophy, science and literature. What is common to all three realms is the fact that the empiricist notion of objectivity is not tenable any more. The recognition of the theory ladenness of scientific observation and the commentary ladenness of interpretation in literature is in fundamental contrast with the older views of objectivity which have dominated the scene for such a long time. The notion of realism inherent in this older view of objectivity in which science, philosophy or literature somehow “mirrors” the world, has fundamentally been affected by the overthrow of the objectivist tradition through developments in philosophy of science and developments in metaphor theory in which the emphasis on “literal” descriptions of reality have made way for the recognition of the relative distinction between the literal and the metaphorical. Both science and literature have acknowledged the possibility of a potential plurality of possible interpretations of “reality”. This means that as many “realities” exist as interpretations of reality and of texts are possible. This has confronted both science and literature with the need for a fundamentally revised notion of “realism” and of truth and has posed the very real problem of the (im-)possibility of convergence toward truth, reality or the one and only “correct” interpretation.
Negentiende-eeuse Realisme: Hildebrand, Conscience, Cachet
Authors: Steenberg D. H.
Published: May 2013

To date literary historians have not reported extensively on the connection between Dutch and early Afrikaans prose texts of the nineteenth century. This paper endeavours to verify definite intertextual links between an Afrikaans prose text, “Die geldduiwel” (1882-1889) by Jan Lion Cachet and two comparable Flemish and Dutch texts, namely De geldduivel (1856) by Hendrik Conscience, and “De familie Kegge” (1839) by Hildebrand. The most important characteristics of nineteenth century Realism serve as basis for comparison. The resemblances extend far beyond the common themes exhibited by these texts and also include the tendency of artistic texts to approximate reality by representing a total and objective view of particular the bourgeois-centered orientation of the prose in general and the representation of a specific society in particular. The paper opens up a perspective on the mode of representation in prose during the period dominated by Realism, and also illustrates and defines the close relationship that existed between nineteenth century Dutch, Flemish and Afrikaans prose art.
Collage in Volmink
Authors: Van Eeden A. , Steenberg D. H.
Published: May 2013

Hennie Aucamp has established himself as an avant garde short story-writer in Afrikaans and as such his work is experimental. In this article his shorter prose, more specifically the volume Volmink, is analysed from the point of view of ‘collage in literature’. A brief explication of the term collage and its occurrences in literature is given after which the use of collage in Volmink is discussed. The article concludes with a discussion of the function of collage in Aucamp’s shorter prose.
Taaltoer in die woestyn: Marais se Dwaalstories
Authors: Jooste G. A.
Published: May 2013

This article analyses the functions of the authorial and narrative instances in Marais’s Dwaalstories. It concentrates on the use of language, for example style and idiom, in order to examine the relationship between the distinctly Afrikaans register and the San world in which these stories are situated. The language of (he narrator to a marked extent predisposes the reception of the narrative. In this case, aspects like the high frequency of diminutives, the colloquial style and the effortless integration of the typically Afrikaans idiom complement fantasy to create charming African desert stories with a unique flavour. Furthermore, these stories are orchestrated to such a level of artistic coherence that the author’s own remarks in the foreword about vagueness and looseness cannot possibly be taken at face value.
Breyten Breytenbach en die Simbolisme - ’n voorlopige verkenning
Authors: Viljoen H.
Published: May 2013

This article is an attempt to outline the difference between Breytenbach's poetic method and that of the Symbolists. Although it touches on aspects of the symbolist poetic method like the rich suggestiveness, the creation o f a meaningful alternative world (and the effort of doing this), it focuses mainly on Breytenbach’s use of metaphor to create an impossible alternative world in a poem, only to relativize and destroy it again in the end. This process is illustrated in an analysis of poem 8.1 from Lotus. This analysis also shows up five well-known cardinal traits of Breytenbach’s poetry, viz. its carnality, the universal analogy between body, cosmos and poetry and the great emphasis on journeys, discoveries and transformations by means of language. It is also claimed that the Zen-Buddhisi Void plays an analogous role in Breytenbach's poetry to the theory of correspondances in the Symbolists: it is a rich source of metaphor. Breytenbach's poetry shows a strong duality between the present world and a meaningful alternative sphere. Being in and of this alternative sphere only aggravates the poet’s isolation (a typically symbolist trait), making him literally and figuratively an exile, as exile poems like "tot siens, kaapstad" (see you again, cape town) and "Walvis in die berg" (Whale on the mountain) and, of course, his prison poetry, clearly show.
‘Where meaning collapses’: Alien and the outlawing of the female hero
Authors: Belling C.
Published: May 2013

The article explores the film’s apparent but problematic feminism, involving the undermining of the setting up of the main character as a heroic and liberated woman - a dissonant stance which is considered to be symptomatic of a fundamental contradiction in the positioning of woman in relation to culture and language. Kristeva’s views on subjectivity and the abject are explored and applied. The silencing of the voice of the (hu)man is explored in the context of linguistic empowerment and disempowerment. A postscript on Thelma and Louise is added to underline a n d confirm the double hind in which the female hero fin d s herself.
The Unbearable Lightness of Being - a philosophical exploration
Authors: Degenaar J.
Published: May 2013

The article consists of an analysis of the film The Unbearable Lightness of Being by Phillip Kaufman based on Milan Kundera’s novel. I utilise the strategy of intertextuality while warning against the tendency to compare a film and a novel on the wrong assumption that they are texts of the same kind. By asking specific questions about the film version of Kundera’s novel I demonstrate the creative manner in which the medium of the film produces meaning through images.
The saving of appearances: Denys Arcand’s Jesus of Montreal
Authors: Snyman J. J. , Lötto H. P.P.
Published: May 2013

The film Jesus of Montreal consists of an overlayering of stories presenting in a postmodern way the story (S1) of a group of actors’ attempt at an interpretation (S2) of an old story, the story of Jesus’ life and death (S3). In line with a typical postmodern approach the borders between these parallel narratives are blurred, the various texts become intertexts, the contents of the ‘original’ text are realized in the lives of the actors apparently without their realizing it. In this contribution the dialectics of Arcand’s postmodern procedure is followed up along two lines: firstly, the strategy of the overlayering of three narratives is uncovered In a second phase, the dialectics of appearance and truth in the overlayering of narratives is discussed.
The ‘unreel’ in Woody Allen’s Zelig
Authors: Nas L.
Published: May 2013

By presenting Zelig (1983) in the form of a historical documentary using archival film footage, film - director Woody Allen breaks down the conventional distinction between documentary and fiction film. Through metacinematic self-consciousness Zelig hybridly 'chameleonizes’ recorded historical 'truth' exposing this truth to be ‘unreal’: it explodes the notion of the cinematic ‘real’, turning it into the ‘unreel’.
Orkney snork nie/Orkney sno…: Perspektiewe op herhaling en ironie
Authors: Geertsema J.
Published: May 2013

This article considers the problematic relationship between irony and repetition. Drawing on the work of Friedrich Schlegel, irony is, in an ironic way, defined as the simultaneous validity of two mutually exclusive possibilities between which it is impossible to decide, and the notion of difference is shown to be inherent in repetition. After this discussion of irony and repetition, an example taken from an episode of the Afrikaans sitcom Orkney snork nie is provided. Finally, the (interrupted) repetition of an episode from the Orkney snork nie series is discussed in terms of repetition as irony.
The interpretation and evaluation of quantitative research studies in Second Language Acquisition
Authors: Dreyer C. , Van der Walt J. L.
Published: May 2013

This article argues that many quantitative research studies are deficient as far as their method of research is concerned. The ‘Method' section should he critically evaluated in order to determine whether the findings that are reported are valid and reliable. Each of the sub-sections usually included in the method section is discussed, and a checklist for the evaluation of quantitative research studies is provided.
Critique, hesitation, death: Reflections on Koos Prinsloo’s Weifeling
Authors: Massyn P. J.
Published: May 2013

This paper focuses on Koos Prinsloo's Weifeling, the last collection of fiction to appear in the writer's brief career In this article it is argued that Prinsloo's work is characterized in the first instance by an oppositional practice driven by a will to reveal which involves, inter alia, a collapse of the distinction between the private and the public. This revelatory urge is, however, compromised by residual attachment and a self-reflective practice which deconstructs the identity of the self even as it is revealed Linda Hutcheon's description of postmodernism’s ethical stance as one of "complicitous critique" and a strategically modified version of her description of postmodernist fiction as “historiographic metafiction" are used to theorize this aspect of Prinsloo's writing, although the texts under discussion remain undeniably more critical than complicit in their practice. Finally, the confrontations with death in the closing texts of Weifeling are linked to Brian McHale's arguments about postmodernism's characteristic foregrounding of ontological differences.
Who speaks for extinct nations? The Beothuk and narrative voice
Authors: Leggo C.
Published: May 2013

The Beothuk of Newfoundland were among the first inhabitants of North America to encounter European explorers and settlers. By the first part of the nineteenth century the Beothuk were extinct, exterminated by the fishers and soldiers and settlers of western Europe. The last Beothuk was a woman named Shanadithit. She was captured and lived with white settlers for a few years before she died in 1829. Today all that remains of the Beothuk nation, which once numbered seven hundred to one thousand people, are some bones, arrowheads, tools, written records of explorers and settlers, and copies of drawings by Shanadithit in the Newfoundland Museum. In recent years several writers (all are white and male) have written fiction and poetry and drama about the Beothuk, including Peter Such (Riverrun, 1973), Paul O'Neill (Legends of a Lost Tribe, 1976), Sid Stephen (Beothuk Poems, 1976), Al Pittman ("Shanadithit," 1978), Geoffrey Ursell (The Running of the Deer; A Play, 1981), Donald Gale (Sooshewan: A Child of the Beothuk, 1988), and Kevin Major (Blood Red Ochre, 1990). A recurring theme in all these narratives is the theme of regret and guilt. These narrative accounts of the Beothuk raise significant questions about voice and narrative, including: Who can speak for Native peoples? Who can speak for extinct peoples? Are there peoples without voices? How is voice historically determined? What is the relationship between voice and power? How are the effects of voice generated? What is an authentic voice? How is voice related to the illusion of presence? What is the relation between voice and silence? In examining contemporary narrative accounts of the Beothuk my goal is to reveal the rhetorical ways in which the Beothuk are given voice(s) and to interrogate the ethical and pedagogical implications of contemporary authors revisiting and revisioning and re-voicing a nation of people long extinct.
Die rol van die Saamwerk-Unie in die beslaggewing van Afrikaanse taaleksamens in Natal, 1917-1928
Authors: Prinsloo P. J.J.
Published: May 2013

The role of the Co-operative Union in establishing Afrikaans language examinations in Natal, 1917-1928This article deals with the role of Afrikaner Nationalists who had striven to develop the selfassertiveness of their compatriots by means of promoting Afrikaans. Their attempt was aimed at obtaining an equal position to the deeply-rooted British tradition in Natal. The Co-operative Union (“Saamwerk-Unie") consequently had taken up position in the midst of the language problems. The Union made a deliberate attempt at promoting the development of Afrikaans by means of establishing the first language examinations in Afrikaans. This examination system evoked greater interest with every passing year and resulted in a clash between the Co-operative Union and the South African Language Union. The Language Union, with its Dutch language examinations, was the embodiment of the Dutch influence, while the Co-operative Union promoted Afrikaans at grass roots level. A compromise between the two organisations thus had to be made. A joint Examination Commission was therefore established in 1928. Consequently, the new cultural pattern which had been launched by the Co-operative Union was acknowledged in the ranks of the Afrikaner.
Kultuur, subjektiwiteit en ek, Anna van Wyk
Authors: Vermeulen H. J.
Published: May 2013

Culture, subjectivity and ek, Anna van Wyk This article attempts to demonstrate that the play ek, Anna van Wyk (Fourie, 1986) in effect dramatizes the conflict between self and society within the process of the constitution of subjectivity. This conflict is illustrated by means of some of the illuminating concepts and perspectives of contemporary cultural studies, especially those pertaining to the production and reproduction of subjectivity by the social order.
Paul de Man: betekenisvorming deur blindheid en insig
Authors: Muller M. , Viljoen H.
Published: May 2013

Meaning production by means of blindness and insight Meaning production can be brought about by misreading. In many instances rhetoric dissolves logic, and consequently many avenues for misunderstanding are opened up. These misreadings are a blindness which can actually point to an insight: a blindness in the text can become the reader's insight or the blindness or unawareness of one reader can be another’s awareness. Meaning production is thus brought about by the apprehension of the blindness in the rhetorical nature of the literary character of language. This apprehension could also be regarded as blindness by a subsequent reader. In instances like these, expansion of the text takes place by "another insight This process implies an active and exciting production of meaning which necessitates an actively-engaged reader. Meaning cannot be finally established in this endless cycle of blindness and insight. In this article meaning production as established by means of blindness and insight is demonstrated by the novel Abjater wat so lag by Wilma Stockenström.
'Did you say oral literature?' asked Walter Ong
Authors: Alant J.
Published: May 2013

This article investigates whether there is a theoretical framework for the notion of oral literature that is common to both oral theory and literary theory. The notion of oral literature has, within oral theory, generally been put to an anthropological - rather than literary - use. Because of particular difficulties involved with the appreciation of the textual properties of the oral text, a modernist approach proves unsatisfactory. A solution for the theoretical difficulty of integrating oral literature into literary theory is sought via a particular post-modernist view of literature, namely Anthony Easthope’s reconceptualisation of literary studies as study of signifying practice ("cultural studies") open to both literary and popular texts. Given the exclusivity of the notion of popular culture, centred on misconceptions relating to the constructedness of the oral text, the notion of oral literature continues, however, to operate in a theoretical void.
The compulsion to confess
Authors: Van Zyl S. , Sey J.
Published: May 2013

This paper draws on the work of Michel Foucault in order to sketch a preliminary genealogy of the practice of confession in the twentieth century. The essay argues that confession has undergone major transformations, not only from a chiefly religious to a secular practice, hut to a form of psychologised self-knowledge productively typical of knowledge itself in post-Kantian modernity. In other words, we argue that confession has become diffused through knowledge practices such that it becomes imperative to confess to a particular style or use of language in the pursuit of such knowledge. The confession of a style in language thus becomes a prerequisite for such knowledge, or the inability to arrive at it. We investigate the phenomenon in the examples of the ‘factional’ literature of Norman Mailer, and the human science of ethnography.
Tienertaal in disse flippen stukkende wêreld dié, my ou (Hans du Plessis, 1991)
Authors: Bosch B.
Published: May 2013

Adolescent language in disse flippen stukkende wêreld dié, my ou (Hans du Plessis, 1991)This article investigates the typical characteristics of adolescent language. The sensitivity of the adolescent to different registers, the level of language influence and the social functions of adolescent language as an indication of attitudes, group solidarity and value systems are investigated and discussed with reference to Hans du Plessis’ novel for adolescents, disse flippen stukkende wêreld dié, my ou.
Catastrophe and beauty: Ways of Dying, Zakes Mda’s novel of the transition
Authors: Van Wyk J.
Published: May 2013

This article explores Zakes Mda's novel, Ways of Dying (1995), as an example of transitional literature. Ways of Dying (1995) deals with the period between 1990, when negotiations for change in South Africa started, and 1994, when South Africa became a democratic country. The text portrays many recognisable aspects of life in this transitional period, but the focus is mainly on the multiple occurrences of violent death in a society where the State has lost control and legitimacy. The main character, Toloki, a professional mourner, lives through these apocalyptic times. He is, further, seeking an answer to the question of how it happened that the child of his homegirl, Noria, died at the hands of comrades. The text deals imaginatively with aspects such as the resurgence of group psychology that is a common characteristic of transitional periods with its resistance culture of mass meetings, oratory by political leaders and street processions. These are also elements of the carnivalesque. One of the interesting features of the text is its many references to dreams and its use of dream devices in its form. This article will argue that this is an integral part of a literature of a transitional period. Such a period implies the erosion of the reality principle. Reality itself in such a period takes on the features of fantasy; beauty combines with catastrophe and the apocalypse with rebirth.
Flitse van sosiale verandering in enkele postmodernistiese Afrikaanse romans
Authors: Steenberg D. H.
Published: May 2013

Glimpses of social change in some postmodernist Afrikaans novelsPostmodernist novels, and thus also Afrikaans postmodernist novels, are radically anti-traditional. In one respect, however, they maintain the tradition of Afrikaans fiction: they open perspectives on the development of the society from which they originate. Functioning in a multicultural community, the novelists' awareness often concerns the development of relations between different racial groupings in the South African society, which is seen as basically African. The breaking down of the (colonial) barriers between black and white by writers of historiographic metafiction - like John Miles and André Letoit - can perhaps be regarded the first step in the direction of social transition. Letoit hails Africa as the continent of promise, and authors like Berta Smit, Eben Venter and Etienne van Heerden present visions of a growing harmony between black and white in the new South Africa.
Between nostalgia and parody: The representation of childhood and youth in Afrikaans literature of the nineties
Authors: Van Coller H. P.
Published: May 2013

White Afrikaans literature of the sixties can be seen as typically modernist, work of the later part of the eighties and of the nineties clearly shows all the characteristics of postmodernism. Against this backdrop recent Afrikaans prose writing dealing with the representation of childhood and youth can be discussed on the basis of a few of the best and most representative texts. A tentative conclusion is that Afrikaans writing in the nineties focuses on the individualized past, an approach Linda Hutcheon calls "historical metafiction". The authorial stance in these texts fluctuates between what can be termed nostalgia and parody, and should be seen as part of a traumatic psychological process facing white South Africans in particular, namely having to deal with the past. In Afrikaans prose writing the nostalgic stance is especially prevalent in the (traditional) prose writings of authors on the right of the political spectrum. In contrast the parodic stance (dominant in recent Afrikaans prose writings) not only leans toward postmodernism - the prevailing paradigm in the Afrikaans literary context - but can almost without exception be termed "leftist" and "progressive".
Verhale oor die Anglo-Boereoorlog
Authors: Van der Merwe C. N.
Published: May 2013

Fiction on the Anglo-Boer War This article gives an overview of fictional prose about the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902. In contrast to the desire of many people to “forgive and forget" this past war, some authors for example Gustav Preller and D.F. Malherbe, told stories to remind the reader of the suffering of the past. Stereotypical patterns in a number of conventional war stories are mentioned in the article, followed by a discussion of fictional texts deviating from these conventional patterns - inter alia, works by Johannes van Melle and J.R.L. van Bruggen. In conclusion, texts are analysed which use the war experience to illuminate the general human condition: works by Etienne Leroux, Elsa Joubert and others.
Die beelding van Christus in die Nederlandse letterkunde: ’n oorsig en ’n evaluasie
Authors: Van der Elst J.
Published: May 2013

Die term ‘literatuur’ in bogenoemde verband is wyds en verdien ’n nader presisering. Dit is naamlik so dat alle leesstof oor talle onderwerpe deurgaan vir literatuur. By die bespreking van bogenoemde onderwerp gaan dit egter om die literatuur met letterkundige allure — literatuur wat gereken word tot die woord- of taalkunswerk.
Die aard en problematiek van vertaling
Authors: Swanepoel J.
Published: May 2013

George Steiner (1975) se onlangse werk oor vertaling dra die treffende titel: After Babel. Dit is met hierdie dilemma wat die mens in sy na-babelse bestaan in sy strewe na sinvolle kommunikasie te kampe het: die bestaan van ’n magdom van tale wat geen individu, hoe begaafd ookal, eers kan droom om te beheers nie. Vandaar die strewe na die totstandbrenging van ’n eenvoudige en universele wereldtaal, Esperanto, of — meer algemeen — die behoefte aan vertaling. Maar vertaling is nie net ’n dilemma nie, dit is ook ’n uitdaging.
Die hoorspel as woordspel: A.S. Van Straaten se Pendoring (edms) beperk
Authors: Steenberg D. H.
Published: May 2013

Om mee te begin kan opgemerk word dat die geintegreerdheid van die woord of taal as belangrike motief en terselfdertyd benaderingshoek van die handeling in die drama saamhang met die hooffiguur se fanatieke taalbelangstelling en vaardigheid met die woord, soos blyk uit die sugtende vertelster Sarie se suggestieryke belydenis van die probleem in die drama: “Hy’t net belang gestel in woorde, en ek het gedink hy’s te oulik vir woorde”.
Speaking for the slave: Britain and the Cape, 1751-1838
Authors: Lenta M.
Published: May 2013

Postcolonial studies has asked the question "Can the subaltern speak? ", but has focused less strongly on the strategies by which the subaltern is prevented from securing a hearing. The textual and social strategies used to prevent Cape slaves in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries from voicing their plight have been neglected, though both pro- and anti-slavery lobbyists were eloquent. To present the slave as one whose inferiority rendered him incapable of pleading his cause was a device of the pro-slavery group; to pretend that consultation was impossible was another, though people who offered this defence were often surrounded by slaves. Others, accepting and profiting from the inequalities of a class-stratified society, were unable to perceive any but the extreme experiences of an unfree condition as constituting injustice. Anti-slavery campaigners were rarely in favour of the slave's being consulted: they preferred to condemn their political rivals, the slave-owners. Abolition found many of them searching for arguments to maintain the inequalities of society, and especially to prevent former serfs from securing a hearing.
Doing It for Athol: Representation and appropriation in My Life
Authors: West M.
Published: May 2013

Athol Fugard has spoken of his need to start again, as an artist. This new beginning is manifest in the two plays published jointly in 1996, My Life & Valley Song. The focus of this article is My Life, an innovative workshopped piece, involving five young women between the ages of fifteen and twenty-one, who offer a selection of “Images and stories from [their] personal biographies” - sub-title of the play. The stories that emerge in the text, I have argued, are not the ones that could have or would have emerged had the actors not been prompted and directed by Fugard. To justify this position a number of questions have been raised: Why did Fugard choose an all-female cast? Why are the actors all so young? What effect did the facilitator have on the actors’ willingness to share their stories? How are the concerns of race and gender treated? How are (self-)censorship and (auto-)biography to be understood in terms of the stories told? Fugard has claimed that he did not write this play, that the words and stories come from the actors themselves. The validity of this claim is examined in the light of these questions, and the politics of representation and of authorship are central to the argument.
Oosgrensafrikaans as teoretiese konstruk onder die loep
Authors: Grebe H. P.
Published: May 2013

Eastern Cape Afrikaans (Oosgrensafrikaans) theoretically evaluatedBased upon linguistic and geographical considerations the historiography of Afrikaans distinguishes between three early historic varieties. Apart from the two contact varieties, Cape Afrikaans (Kaapse Afrikaans) and Orange River Afrikaans (Oranjerivierafrikaans), Eastern Cape Afrikaans is considered to be primarily a continuous development of seventeenth-century Dutch and constitutes the dialectic basis of Standard Afrikaans. As such, Eastern Cape Afrikaans has acquired a central position as theoretical concept within the historiography of Afrikaans.The use of such a term presupposes the existence of a fairly homogeneous historic variety which systematically differed from other varieties of Afrikaans. In this article it will be argued that positing Eastern Cape Afrikaans as a separate historic variety has severe theoretical constraints and that such a claim can not - beyond doubt - be established empirically.
Subjektiwiteit en vroulike liggaamlikheid in enkele tekste van Riana Scheepers en Antjie Krog
Authors: Visagie A.
Published: May 2013

Subjectivity and feminine corporeality in texts by Riana Scheepers and Antjie KrogBoth Die ding in die vuur by Riana Scheepers and Gedigte 1989-1995 by Antjie Krog are characterized by a profound interest in women in relation to their bodies. As Luce Irigaray (1981:100) and Héléne Cixous (1981:256) have indicated, it is essential to approach the debate about female subjectivity from the discourse of the body. Irigaray believes that women will accede to subjectivity from an experience of their bodies as multiple and diverse. In the short stories of Riana Scheepers the bodies of women are depicted as confiscated and destroyed by the discourses of both African and Western patriarchy. However, the writing of Scheepers does not mobilize the constructive potential of the female body to create a new subjectivity. In her poetry Antjie Krog engages the female body in a transitory exploration of the masculine other. An analysis of “ek staan op 'n moerse rots langs the see by Paternoster" leads to the conclusion that the female speaker in this poem by Krog emerges from her non-appropriating journey through the masculine other within sight o f a feminine subjectivity based on the liberating potential of the female body.
Die deurlopende koord
Authors: Du Plooy H.
Published: May 2013

The endless threadThis article discusses the volume of short stories, Boereoorlogstories, which was compiled and edited by Jeanette Ferreira. The stories are all about the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) and though some of the stories simply retell history from the point of view of specific individuals, some of the stories are indeed fine examples of postmodernist fiction. In the best stories in the volume the narrators engage with history in a number of ways: by indicating the fallacies of historiography, by contrasting little narratives with the master narrative of official historical documents, by emphasizing the textuality of history and the necessity of retelling the past. Personalized history and personalized interpretations of historical facts and historical documents are used in attempting to find or create new identities. The use of historiographical metafiction enables these narrators to interact with a present which is so complex and still so near that it can only be approached indirectly through stories.
Marguerite Yourcenar’s Le Labyrinthe du Monde: autobiography of an absent self?
Authors: Snyman E.
Published: May 2013

Marguerite Yourcenar’s autobiography Le Labyrinthe du monde surprised readers by its lack of self-representation and by being mainly a lengthy exploration of the genealogy of her ancestors. This article pursues the hypothesis that although Yourcenar is considered an autonomous creator, uninfluenced by the Parisian avant-garde of the sixties and seventies, certain aspects of her practice of self-representation draw on a new approach to historiography of which Michel Foucault, for example, was one of the earliest practitioners.
Die oorbrug van ’n generasiegaping: Die volwasse jeugboekskrywer in gesprek met die jong leser
Authors: Du Plessis H.
Published: May 2013

Die skrywer van die jeugboek is in verreweg die meeste gevalle ’n volwassene, terwyl die verteller soms grootmens, soms jongmens is, en die veronderstelde leser per definisie altyd ’n jeugdige. In wese dus ’n paradoks, ’n teelaarde vir ’n kommunikasiegaping. Hoe oorleef die skrywer dié paradoks?
Taalversorging - teoreties gefundeer in die taalpraktyk?
Authors: Du Plessis A. , Carstens W. A.M
Published: May 2013

Language editing - theoretically grounded in language practice? This article focuses on the possibility of formulating a theory of language editing. Research indicates that language editing in practice is sometimes undertaken on a random basis. People tend to think that language editing comes naturally once a person has completed a language course. This is of course not true. Language editing should be implemented on a sound theoretical basis embedded in a strong linguistic framework. This theoretical grounding is based on a thorough knowledge and implementation of linguistic sub-disciplines: a command of language (linguistic competence), text linguistics and normative grammar. These three linguistic sub-disciplines form an integrated basis for a sound theoretical viewpoint on language editing. Furthermore, the term “language editing” is inadequate to describe the editing process as a whole. Language editing should not be simply seen as the correction of language errors, but rather as a complete editing (copy-editing) of the text.
Literatuur en kulturele konteks
Authors: Steenberg D. H.
Published: May 2013

Die begrip konteks in verb and met die literatuur en die literere kunswerk in die besondei het al ’n hele geskiedenis en is lank geassosieer met die kontekstualisme van die Amerikaanse New Critics, wat die literêre werk gesien het as ’n “self-contained artefact” (Cuddon 1977:151). Hierdie klemlegging op ’n interne konteks moes ’n romantiese en psigologistiese literatuurbenadering verbreek en het as sodanig ’n goeie doel gedien, egter met die nadeel dat die literêre werk daarna in toenemende isolasie bestudeer is. Daarom laat ek interne konteks as ’n wins wat reeds verwerf is, links.
Feeling, form and fulfilment: The stewardship of the Christian poet
Authors: Kuschke G.
Published: May 2013

After having studied under Prof. Calvin Seerveld at the Institute for Christian Studies, Toronto, Canada, the Ph.D. degree was conferred on Miss Kuschke by the University of the Witwatersrand in June, 1981 with a thesis entitled The representation of the Christian ethos in the poetry of Werner Bergengruen: an integrated approach.
Die mites rondom die val van Troje en Vergilius se uitbeelding daarvan in die tweede boek van die Aeneïs
Authors: Swanepoel J.
Published: May 2013

Die mites oor die val van Troje vertel ’n aangrypende verhaal en in die tweede boek van die Aeneïs gee Vergilius op ’n besondere wyse gestalte daaraan. Maar Vergilius se vergestalting daarvan is slegs een van die variante van die verhaal.
Moderne Liriek
Authors: Tönsing L.
Published: May 2013

1. “Uitleg” is gans onmodern!2. Digkuns — verdigting van die lewe, is die kuns om die geheel daarvan alomvattend te begryp, te verdig en in die afgeronde geheel van ’n neutedop in skone simbool aan te bied en daardeur aan te gryp.
Is Reisprosa Joernalistiek?
Authors: Seyffert M. C.A.
Published: May 2013

Om na ’n bekende land te reis, om die aard van die landskap, die mense en hul lewenswyse daar te leer ken, bly nog steeds ’n opwindende ervaring. Die revolusie wat die moderne tegniek ten opsigte van lugvervoer teweeggebring het, het die wêreld benouend klein gemaak. Wat vroeer ’n onbereikbare wêrelddeel was, het nou skokkend naby gekom, intiem bekend geword. Om dié rede is die merkwaardige opbloei van reisprosa in die eietydse wêreldliteratuur verstaanbaar.
Betekenis en gebruik
Authors: De Bruyn P. S.
Published: May 2013

’n Taal bestaan uit ’n voorraad woorde, konstruksies, intonasies, geykte uitdrukkings, ens. Spraak of diskoers kan gebruik word om die handeling, die aktiwiteit (die groep handelinge) te benoem om dinge te sê. Die voorraad taalonderdele is nie aktiwiteit nie, maar dis ’n standhoudende bron vanwaar taalvoorraad onttrek kan word.
Tyd as karakteriseringsmiddel in Die Ambassadeur van André P. Brink
Authors: Mouton M.
Published: May 2013

As algemene aanname kan gestel word dat alle karakters in die tyd (en die ruimte) bestaan. ’n Bewustheid van die tyd waarin hulle bestaan en leef, is egter nie altyd by alle karakters aanwesig nie.
Analise van die Tswanaraaisel
Authors: Swanepoel S. A.
Published: May 2013

’n Strukturele, stilistiese en funksionele bcskrywing van die Twanaraaisel bring mee dat daar aan die volgende aspekte aandag gegee moet word: • Wat is ’n raaisel en lioe word dit in Tswana genoem. • Tot watter studiegebied en literere genre hoort die raaisel en watter subvorme kan vir Tswana onderskei word. • Hoe sien die struktuur van Tswanaraaisels daar uit. • Deur wie, waar, wanneer en hoe word Tswanaraaisels voorgedra. • Watter stilistiese kenmcrke kan in Tswanaraaisels onderskei word. • Watter funksies vervul raaisels in ’n Tswanagcmeenskap.
Die Literêre Sisteem Van Dertig
Authors: Viljoen H.
Published: May 2013

In die literatuurgeskiedenis is daar onteenseglik ’n behoefte aan sistematiek. ’n Vinnige oorsig oor byvoorbeeld die geskiedenis v an die Afrikaanse poesie kan die leser erg verward laat. Daar is verskeie redes daarvoor. Eerstens word verskillende kategorieë gebruik om die verskillende generasies mee te beskryf — as dit al hoegenaamd duidelik is waar die grense tussen generasies nou eintlik lê. Die leser word as belangrike kategorie beskou by die poësie voor 1900, bewuste kunstenaarskap by Dertig, stad en oorlog (tematiese dinge) by Veertig. Standaardbegrippe is nodig waarmee verskillende generasies vergelyk kan word.
Karakterisering, tema en visie in Klawervyf van Elsabe Steenberg
Authors: Van der Westhuizen B.
Published: May 2013

Een van die belangrikste oorwegings waarom Klawervyf — wat in 1976 met die J.P. van der Walt-prys bekroon is — as 'n besonder verdienstelike jeugverhaal beskou kan word, is die bydrae van die karakterisering tot die diepte van die visie in die verhaal.
Kinderkarakters in Onse Hymie van Etienne Leroux
Authors: Pottas K.
Published: May 2013

Soos die leser van Etienne Leroux se romans reeds weet, ontmoet 'n mens daarin verteenwoordigers van al die segmente van die samelewing, en dit gebeur ook in die roman Onse Hymie. Die groepe karakters wat gewis nadere kennismaking regverdig, is die verskillende groepe kinders wat in die roman figureer.
The system of the South African Novel Anno 1981
Authors: Viljoen H.
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this study is the reconstruction of the system of the South African novel during 1981 by means of the comparison of three novels and their reception. The three novels are Op die rug van die tier by Anna M. Louw, A ride on the whirlwind by Sipho Sepamla and July's people by Nadine Gordimer.
Latynse vertalings van die Ou Testament - ’n Bespreking aan die hand van Genesis 17: 1-7
Authors: Van Rooy H. F.
Published: May 2013

Raakpunte in die studie van Latyn en Hebreeus kom nie dikwels tot hulle reg in die akademiese wêreld nie, en Suid-Afrika is seker geen uitsondering op die reël nie. Tog is daar 'n groot terrein wat op ontginning wag in hierdie verband. As blyk van waardering word hierdie poging in die rigting aangebied aan 'n geëerde leermeester op wie se rekening die gebreke nie geplaas moet word nie. Die Latynse vertalings van die Ou Testament waaraan aandag gegee word, is die Vetus Latina (VL) en die Vulgaat (V). Hulle word vergelyk met die Massoretiese teks (MT), die standaard Hebreeuse teks van die Ou Testament, en met die Septuaginta (LXX), die Griekse vertaling van die Ou Testament wat in die vroeë kerk geweldige aanhang geniet het.
Enkele opmerkings oor die intrinsieke waarde van die Latynse teks van Kodeks Bezae as herstelbron vir die Griekse teks van die Nuwe Testament
Authors: Jordaan G. J.C.
Published: May 2013

Een van die belangrikste oud-Latynse vertalings word gevind in Kodeks Bezae, ’n vyfde-eeuse manuskrip van die vier Evangelies. Kodeks Bezae bevat ’n Griekse teks (D) en ’n Latynse teks (d) van die Evangelies langs mekaar, die Latynse teks in ’n lettertipe wat baie aan die Griekse majuskelskrif herinner. Wat hierdie dokument so merkwaardig maak, is die feit dat dit die enigste manuskrip is wat ’n Griekse Evangelie-teks uit die Westerse teksfamilie bevat.
Sonde en Mistiek in Kroniek van Perdepoort (Anna M. Louw)
Authors: Linde E. , Steenberg D. H.
Published: May 2013

When one keeps in mind the religious nature of Kroniek van Perdepoort, the idea of the presence of mysticism, which has been called the “rehgion of the elite” in this novel is not strange at all any more.The basic meaning of mysticism is a “yearning for unity” , a unity with something greater than oneself. Man can progress on his way to his spiritual objective by means of four steps, viz. purging, purification of the will, illumination of the soul and unification (of the being with the deity). These steps are all to be distinguished in the text of Kroniek van Perdepoort, and in this article the mystical elements in the novel are traced.
Fiksionaliteit in die Dramawêreld
Authors: Mouton M.
Published: May 2013

The fictional drama world differs from the fictional world encountered in other literary genres, and the difference can be traced back to the link of the text with the performance.A general, traditional view is that the fictional world of the dramatic text takes place in a fictional “here and now” .Elam has postulated a theory following a study of the fictional drama world. He uses a term from logical semantics, viz. the “theory of possible worlds” and adjusts this to enable him to speak of a dramatic possible world. Elam mentions three aspects which help towards the establishment of the fictional drama world, viz.the discovery of this world in medias res; the making specific of this world through the fictional characters; and the representation of this world in the performance.Elam’s exposition still does not indicate which aspects of the fictional drama world within the text coincide with or differ from those in the performance. The fictionality of the drama world is linked to the aspect of the ostensible, and it is this link (implied in the text and edited in the performance) which characterizes the specific nature of the fictional in the drama genre and which distinguishes this genre from other literary genres.
'Literaturgeschichte als Provokation' und die Theorie-Debatte der siebziger Jahre iiber die Rezeptionsästhetik
Authors: Van der Berg B. H.J.
Published: May 2013

In hierdie artikel word die formulering van 'n nuwe literêre teorie met die daarmee gepaardgaande kritiek behandel. Hierdie kritiek is tweërlei van aard: enersyds die kritiek van Jauß teen die tradisionele interpretasie-praktyk, andersyds die daaropvolgende kritiek van enkele aanhangers van hierdie metodes teen Jauß se model. Die artikel poog nie om al die besware te notuleer nie, maar slegs enkele verteenwoordigende standpunte wat óf deur eensydigheid óf deur die uitwys van wesenlike gebreke gekenmerk word. Daar Jauß self bewus was van die leemtes in sy metode, het hy in sy latere teoretiese studies sekere praktyk-georienteerde toevoegings gemaak en tegelykertyd die weg aangewys vir nouer samewerking met die hermeneutiese filosofie. Daarmee het Jauß ’n metodologiese paradigma ontwerp wat nie geignoreer mag word nie.
La défense de l’identité provençale dans I’oeuvre de Frédéric Mistral (seconde partie)
Authors: Pach R.
Published: May 2013

The Provençale poet Frédéric Mistral (1830-1914) is remembered for his attempt at revitalizing the Proven?al language. He was one of the main founders of the literary academy named Félibrige, and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1904. Although his poetical works have been extensively studied, the political inspiration which pervades a great part of his writings has not so far received the attention it deserves. This article, the first part of which appeared in the previous issue of Literator (vol. 8, no. 3), shows how profoundly Mistral was influenced by the ideal of independence and liberty which was a distinctive feature of the European XIXth century, and how his patriotic enthusiasm is reflected in his poetry.
Die tekskritiese notas by die Nuwe Testament van die nuwe Afrikaanse vertaling
Authors: Petzer K.
Published: May 2013

The article contains a discussion of the problems of the inclusion of text-critical commentary in a translation of the Bible. The New Testament of the new Afrikaans translation of 1983 is taken as example. Four such problems are discussed: (a) the choice of the texts which are to be supplied by such commentary; (b) the formulation of the notes; (c) the use of brackets in the text; and (d) the inclusion of an introduction.