bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Borders Moderating Distance: A Social Network Analysis of Spatial Effects on Policy Interaction
Authors: Sohn Christophe , Christopoulos Dimitris , Koskinen Johan
Published: July 2019

The present paper examines the importance of integrating geographical effects into the analysis of social networks. Specifically, we study the impacts of spatial distance and territorial borders on information exchange within two European cross‐border regions where there is evidence of extensive cross‐border political interaction in the domain of public transportation. We use exponential random graph models to review how these spatial factors influence policy interaction. We show how the effect of distance on the exchange of information between organizations is less obvious than it seems at first sight, when we control for endogenous networks effects with which it tends to be confounded. We also explore moderating effects among the spatial factors studied and in particular how the effect of distance affects information exchange by territoriality. While the probability of interaction decreases with distance in the context of domestic ties, distance does not exert the same friction when it comes to cross‐border ties. These findings suggest that borders are not necessarily a barrier to interaction and that peripheral actors located in border regions may bridge distance in order to access strategic information they do not have access to within their territorial jurisdiction and is likely concentrated in foreign decision centers.
Comparing temperature data sources for use in species distribution models: From in‐situ logging to remote sensing
Authors: Lembrechts Jonas J. , Lenoir Jonathan , Roth Nina , Hattab Tarek , Milbau Ann , Haider Sylvia , Pellissier Loïc , Pauchard Aníbal , Ratier Backes Amanda , Dimarco Romina D. , Nuñez Martin A. , Aalto Juha , Nijs Ivan
Published: July 2019

Aim

Although species distribution models (SDMs) traditionally link species occurrences to free‐air temperature data at coarse spatio‐temporal resolution, the distribution of organisms might instead be driven by temperatures more proximal to their habitats. Several solutions are currently available, such as downscaled or interpolated coarse‐grained free‐air temperatures, satellite‐measured land surface temperatures (LST) or in‐situ‐measured soil temperatures. A comprehensive comparison of temperature data sources and their performance in SDMs is, however, currently lacking.

Location

Northern Scandinavia.

Time period

1970–2017.

Major taxa studied

Higher plants.

Methods

We evaluated different sources of temperature data (WorldClim, CHELSA, MODIS, E‐OBS, topoclimate and soil temperature from miniature data loggers), differing in spatial resolution (from 1″ to 0.1°), measurement focus (free‐air, ground‐surface or soil temperature) and temporal extent (year‐long versus long‐term averages), and used them to fit SDMs for 50 plant species with different growth forms in a high‐latitudinal mountain region.

Results

Differences between these temperature data sources originating from measurement focus and temporal extent overshadow the effects of temporal climatic differences and spatio‐temporal resolution, with elevational lapse rates ranging from −0.6°C per 100 m for long‐term free‐air temperature data to −0.2°C per 100 m for in‐situ soil temperatures. Most importantly, we found that the performance of the temperature data in SDMs depended on the growth forms of species. The use of in‐situ soil temperatures improved the explanatory power of our SDMs (R2 on average +16%), especially for forbs and graminoids (R2 +24 and +21% on average, respectively) compared with the other data sources.

Main conclusions

We suggest that future studies using SDMs should use the temperature dataset that best reflects the ecology of the species, rather than automatically using coarse‐grained data from WorldClim or CHELSA.
The role of abiotic mechanisms of long‐distance dispersal in the American origin of the Galápagos flora
Authors: Fajardo Javier , Mateo Rubén G. , Vargas Pablo , Fernández-Alonso José Luis , Gómez‐Rubio Virgilio , Felicísimo Ángel M. , Muñoz Jesús
Published: July 2019

Aim

Long‐distance dispersal research in plants has long been dominated by the assumption that an association between plant diaspore adaptations and related transport vectors (standard dispersal) determines the success of colonization. However, the role of diaspore adaptations in a biogeographic context is being increasingly questioned, as evidence reveals that unspecialized plants have been successful colonizers by recurrent non‐standard dispersal. We studied wind and oceanic currents as vectors for long‐distance plant dispersal between the Americas and the Galápagos Islands with the focus on diaspore specializations to gain knowledge on the net contribution of standard and non‐standard dispersal mechanisms.

Location

Eastern Pacific Ocean: the American continent and Galápagos.

Major taxa studied

Non‐endemic angiosperms native to Galápagos and the American continent.

Methods

We used connectivity models for prevailing wind and ocean currents based on satellite data to explore the correspondence between connectivity and species distribution patterns. Using a randomization test to eliminate the effect of wind and current directionality, we evaluated whether the proportion of species that is more connected than randomly expected varies for the five diaspore specialization groups.

Results

We found that a large percentage of the plants are present in areas of the continent where ocean current connectivity with the archipelago is higher than expected by chance, while the percentage is small for areas with high wind connectivity. We did not find correspondence between species long‐distance dispersal specialization and the connectivity provided by either of the two abiotic vectors.

Main conclusions

Our results of ocean current connectivity – over wind connectivity – lead us to hypothesize that rafting dispersal has been significant in connecting the biota of Central/South America and the Galápagos Islands. This result supports a more prominent role of non‐standard dispersal mechanisms in a biogeographic context than accepted in traditional schemes.
Oscillayers: A dataset for the study of climatic oscillations over Plio‐Pleistocene time‐scales at high spatial‐temporal resolution
Authors: Gamisch Alexander
Published: July 2019

Motivation

In order to understand how species evolutionarily responded to Plio‐Pleistocene climate oscillations (e.g. in terms of speciation, extinction, migration and adaptation), it is first important to have a good understanding of those past climate changes per se. This, however, is currently limited due to the lack of global‐scale climatic datasets with high temporal resolution spanning the Plio‐Pleistocene. To fill this gap, I here present Oscillayers, a global‐scale and region‐specific bioclim dataset, facilitating the study of climatic oscillations during the last 5.4 million years at high spatial (2.5 arc‐minutes) and temporal (10 kyr time periods) resolution. This dataset builds upon interpolated anomalies (Δ layers) between bioclim layers of the present and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) that are scaled relative to the Plio‐Pleistocene global mean temperature curve, derived from benthic stable oxygen isotope ratios, to generate bioclim variables for 539 time periods. Evaluation of the scaled, interpolated estimates of palaeo‐climates generated for the Holocene, Last Interglacial and Pliocene showed good agreement with independent general circulation models (GCMs) for respective time periods in terms of pattern correlation and absolute differences. Oscillayers thus provides a new tool for studying spatial‐temporal patterns of evolutionary and ecological processes at high temporal and spatial resolution.

Main types of variable contained

Nineteen bioclim variables for time periods throughout the Plio‐Pleistocene. Input data and R script to recreate all 19 bioclim variables.

Spatial location and grain

Global at 2.5 arc‐minutes (4.65 x 4.65 = 21.62 km2 at the equator).

Time period and grain

The last 5.4 million years. The grain is 10 kyr (= 539 time periods).

Level of measurement

Data are for terrestrial climates (excluding Antarctica) taking sea level changes into account.

Software format

All data are available as ASCII grid files.
High‐Mg# Olivine, Clinopyroxene and Orthopyroxene Reference Materials for In Situ Oxygen Isotope Determination
Authors: Tang Guo‐Qiang , Su Ben‐Xun , Li Qiu‐Li , Xia Xiao‐Ping , Jing Jie‐Jun , Feng Lian‐Jun , Martin Laure , Yang Qing , Li Xian‐Hua
Published: July 2019

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) requires matrix‐matched reference materials to calibrate mass fractionation during oxygen isotope measurement. Over one thousand SIMS oxygen isotope measurements were conducted on eleven natural mineral samples (five olivines, three clinopyroxenes and three orthopyroxenes) in nineteen sessions using CAMECA IMS 1280 SIMS instruments to evaluate their potential as SIMS reference materials. The obtained results reveal oxygen isotope homogeneity of these samples. No matrix effect was measured for the same variety of mineral samples with limited Mg‐number variations (89.6–94.2, 90–91.9 and 90.1–92.1 for olivine, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene, respectively). The recommended oxygen isotope compositions of these samples were determined using laser fluorination. These samples are therefore suitable to be used as reference materials for in situ oxygen isotope microanalysis.
Expanding transnational care networks: comparing caring for families with caring for homes
Authors: SCHAAB TITUS , WAGNER LAUREN
Published: July 2019

Although many factors may motivate a migrant to own a house in their country of origin, significant practical labour is needed to maintain it, as both a material structure intended for shelter and as a symbolic object reflecting attachment to a place of origin. Most research in this area focuses on the significance accorded to transnational houses by their owners and families connoted by the ‘myth of return’, but little attention has been given to how the labour of ownership – constructing, maintaining, overseeing and improving the house – is accomplished. In the light of emerging studies on the care labour that remittance houses require, this article suggests a theoretical framework for studying networks of transnational house maintenance on three dimensions of care – trust, communication, and remittances – observed in networks for transnational family care provisions. A review of literature on transnational home ownership indicates that these dimensions are also present, with some differences in application.
Numerical Simulations of Seasonally Oscillated Groundwater Dynamics in Coastal Confined Aquifers
Authors: Qu Wenjing , Li Hailong , Wang Chaoyue , Zheng Chunmiao , Wang Xuejing , Zhang Yan
Published: July 2019

Studies investigating the effects of inland recharge on coastal groundwater dynamics were carried out typically in unconfined aquifers, with few in confined aquifers. This study focused on the groundwater dynamics in confined aquifers with seasonally sinusoidally fluctuated inland groundwater head and constant sea level by numerical simulations. It is known that the mixing zone (MZ) of saltwater wedge in response to the seasonal oscillations of inland groundwater head swings around the steady‐state MZ. However, our simulation results indicate that even the most landward freshwater‐saltwater interface over a year is seaward from the steady‐state location when the hydraulic conductivity K is ≤10−4 m/s under certain boundary conditions with given parameter values. That is, seasonal oscillations of inland groundwater head may reduce seawater intrusion in confined coastal aquifers when K ≤ 10−4 m/s. Sensitivity analysis indicates that for aquifers of K ≤ 10−4 m/s, the larger the inland head fluctuation amplitude is, the less the seawater intrudes. This is probably due to the reason that the seawater intrusion time decreases with the increase of fluctuation amplitude when K ≤ 10−4 m/s. Numerical simulations demonstrate that seasonal inland groundwater head oscillations promote the annual averaged recirculated seawater discharge across the seaward boundary.
Clinical practice guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma: The Japan Society of Hepatology 2017 (4th JSH‐HCC guidelines) 2019 update
Authors: Kokudo Norihiro , Takemura Nobuyuki , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Takayama Tadatoshi , Kubo Shoji , Shimada Mitsuo , Nagano Hiroaki , Hatano Etsuro , Izumi Namiki , Kaneko Shuichi , Kudo Masatoshi , Iijima Hiroko , Genda Takuya , Tateishi Ryosuke , Torimura Takuji , Igaki Hiroshi , Kobayashi Satoshi , Sakurai Hideyuki , Murakami Takamichi , Watadani Takeyuki , Matsuyama Yutaka
Published: July 2019

The fourth version of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hepatocellular Carcinoma was revised by the Japan Society of Hepatology, according to the methodology of evidence‐based medicine and partly to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system, which was published in October 2017 in Japanese. New or revised recommendations were described, herein, with a special reference to the surveillance, diagnostic, and treatment algorithms.
Development of U–Pb dating of uraninite using a secondary ion mass spectrometer: Selection of reference material and establishment of calibration method
Authors: Horie Kenji , Hidaka Hiroshi
Published: July 2019

A method for U–Pb isotopic dating using secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) was developed for uraninite. Correlation between 251(UO)+/235U+ and 206Pb+/235U+ obtained by a sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) was adopted for a calibration from secondary ion ratios (Pb+/U+) to the atomic abundance ratios (Pb/U). In this study, a uraninite sample (206Pb/238U = 0.1647) collected from Faraday mine, Bancroft, Canada, is used as a reference material for the U–Pb calibration. The established method was applied to three uraninite samples collected from the Chardon, Ecarpière, and Mistamisk mines. The calibrated 206Pb*/238U ratios of the three uraninites show correlation with Pb/U elemental ratios obtained using an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) (correlation coefficients: 0.98, 0.99, and 0.97, respectively), which indicates the reliability of the SHRIMP calibration method used in this study. The analysis of Ecarpière uraninite provides concordant U–Pb data, and a weighted average of the 206Pb*/238U age is 287 Ma ±8 Ma (95 % conf.) which is consistent with the previous chronological results by SIMS. Mistamisk uraninite provides discordant U–Pb data with the upper and lower intercept ages of 1 729 and 421 Ma, which correspond to uraninite formation in association with the Hudsonian orogeny and the remobilization of uranium as pitchblende, respectively. The U–Pb age of Chardon uraninite (315 Ma) is consistent with the igneous activity of Mortagne granite, but is older than the previously reported age (264 Ma). Marcasite in the Chardon uraninite altered to goethite under the oxidizing condition, which indicates that U–Pb system in the uraninite crystallized at 315 Ma was disturbed under the oxidizing condition. The established calibration method using Faraday uraninite is useful for U–Pb isotopic dating on the scale of a few micrometers to tens of micrometers, which make it possible to obtain the accurate age of uraninite.
Origin of the early Cenozoic belt boundary thrust and Izanagi–Pacific ridge subduction in the western Pacific margin
Authors: Kimura Gaku , Kitamura Yujin , Yamaguchi Asuka , Kameda Jun , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Hamahashi Mari
Published: July 2019

The belt boundary thrust within the Cretaceous–Neogene accretionary complex of the Shimanto Belt, southwestern Japan, extends for more than ~ 1 000 km along the Japanese islands. A common understanding of the origin of the thrust is that it is an out of sequence thrust as a result of continuous accretion since the late Cretaceous and there is a kinematic reason for its maintaining a critically tapered wedge. The timing of the accretion gap and thrusting, however, coincides with the collision of the Paleocene–early Eocene Izanagi–Pacific spreading ridges with the trench along the western Pacific margin, which has been recently re‐hypothesized as younger than the previous assumption with respect to the Kula‐Pacific ridge subduction during the late Cretaceous. The ridge subduction hypothesis provides a consistent explanation for the cessation of magmatic activity along the continental margin and the presence of an unconformity in the forearc basin. This is not only the case in southwestern Japan, but also along the more northern Asian margin in Hokkaido, Sakhalin, and Sikhote‐Alin. This Paleocene–early Eocene ridge subduction hypothesis is also consistent with recently acquired tomographic images beneath the Asian continent. The timing of the Izanagi–Pacific ridge subduction along the western Pacific margin allows for a revision of the classic hypothesis of a great reorganization of the Pacific Plate motion between ~ 47 Ma and 42 Ma, illustrated by the bend in the Hawaii–Emperor chain, because of the change in subduction torque balance and the Oligocene–Miocene back arc spreading after the ridge subduction in the western Pacific margin.
The effects of ozone, ultrasound and coating with shellac and lysozyme–chitosan on fresh egg during storage at ambient temperature – part 1: interior quality changes
Authors: Yüceer Muhammed , Caner Cengiz
Published: July 2019

The objective of this research was to investigate and compare the effect of different treatments including gaseous ozone (6‐ppm/4‐min), ultrasound (450 W/4 min) and coating of shellac, lysozyme–chitosan (L‐C) on fresh eggs internal quality during storage for six weeks at ambient temperature. The internal quality attributes such as weight loss (WL), albumen viscosity, Haugh unit (HU), yolk index, total soluble solids, albumen and yolk's pH were monitored. Control groups had the worst HU (50.04), WL (8.35%), albumen pH (9.27) and viscosity (7.72 mPa·s) values after storage. The best interior qualities were obtained by shellac coating [HU (72.37), WL (1.37) and viscosity (30.10 mPa·s)] and sonication (albumen pH: 8.22). Thus, the shellac‐coated eggs maintained all the internal quality parameters at the highest values, while the ozone and ultrasound only helped to keep the internal quality and enhance the shelf life of eggs.
Determination of the survival kinetics of Salmonella spp. on the surface of ripened raw milk cheese during storage at different temperatures
Authors: Lobacz Adriana , Kowalik Jaroslaw , Zulewska Justyna
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the survival kinetics of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in ripened raw milk cheese. Cheese samples inoculated with S. enterica subsp. enterica were stored at 5, 15 and 25 °C and analysed in terms of physico‐chemical and microbiological characteristics. Three primary models were used to estimate the kinetic parameters of S. enterica subsp. enterica. The secondary Arrhenius model was used to establish the relationship between temperature and parameter α of the Weibull model. Additionally, prediction of S. enterica subsp. enterica survival as a function of storage temperature was made. S. enterica subsp. enterica growth was inhibited during storage, and bacteria survived for an extensive period of time at high number (60 day at 5 °C, 26 day at 25 °C). The storage temperature significantly influenced the inactivation rate of Salmonella in raw milk ripened cheese and proceeded faster at 25 °C compared to remaining storage temperature. Obtained results suggest that contamination by Salmonella in raw milk cheese might result in residual risk.
Demande et emploi dans les chaînes d'approvisionnement mondiales
Authors: KIZU Takaaki , KÜHN Stefan , VIEGELAHN Christian
Published: July 2019

L'essor des chaînes d'approvisionnement mondiales (CAM) éloigne l'emploi de la demande, géographiquement et sectoriellement. Pour mieux comprendre le phénomène, les auteurs mesurent l'emploi lié aux CAM selon sa localisation et celle de la demande, en se fondant sur les données de la base WIOD et en complétant les estimations déjà présentées par le BIT. L'analyse porte sur la période 1995–2013 et sur 40 économies. Elle montre que la Chine, principale bénéficiaire de la demande liée aux CAM autrefois, contribue maintenant à l'alimenter, tout comme les relations de production entre économies émergentes. En outre, le poids des services liés à une demande manufacturière augmente.
Que faut‐il voir dans les écarts de rémunération entre les travailleurs immigrés des pays du Golfe: l'effet d'a priori patronaux ou la simple conséquence de coûts d'opportunité différents?
Authors: ALFARHAN Usamah F. , AL‐BUSAIDI Samir
Published: July 2019

Les auteurs s'intéressent aux disparités salariales entre les différents groupes de migrants qualifiés qui travaillent en grand nombre pour le secteur privé dans les États du Conseil de coopération du Golfe. Ils se demandent notamment si la prime salariale des Occidentaux (par rapport aux travailleurs venus d'Asie ou d'autres États arabes) découle d'éventuels a priori des employeurs. L'analyse, qui repose sur des données de 2012–2014 et sur deux méthodes de décomposition classiques, infirme l'hypothèse: les caractéristiques observables relatives à la productivité expliquent entre un tiers et trois quarts des écarts; le coût d'opportunité de la migration, supérieur pour les Occidentaux, explique la portion restante.
Le biais ploutocratique de l'indice des prix à la consommation indien
Authors: NACHANE Dilip M. , CHAUBAL Aditi
Published: July 2019

Des études montrent que les indices des prix à la consommation (IPC) de type Laspeyres, plutôt calqués sur la structure des dépenses des ménages aisés, souffrent d'un biais ploutocratique. Les auteurs recherchent ce biais en Inde de 2012 à 2015, en construisant un indice démocratique qui met tous les ménages sur un pied d'égalité. Ils analysent la situation pour plusieurs sous‐indices (rural, urbain, régionaux), différentes fonctions de consommation et trois tranches de dépenses. Ils soulignent que le biais mis en évidence, qui pénalise les ménages et régions les plus pauvres, a des répercussions potentielles sur la politique monétaire et l'indexation des paiements de transfert.
Cost of screening for lung cancer in Australia
Authors: Marshall Henry M. , Finn Nicola , Bowman Rayleen V. , Passmore Linda H. , McCaul Elizabeth M. , Yang Ian A. , Connelly Luke , Fong Kwun M.
Published: July 2019

Background

Lung cancer screening can reduce lung cancer mortality. Australian cost estimates are important to inform policy but remain uncertain.

Aim

To describe the first direct medical costs associated with lung cancer screening in Australia.

Methods

Single‐centre prospective screening cohort. Healthy volunteers (age 60–74 years, current or former smokers quit <15 years prior to enrolment, ≥30 pack‐years exposure) underwent baseline and two annual incidence computed tomography (CT) screening scans. Health status and healthcare usage data were collated for 5 years. The main outcome measures were: rates of lung cancer; individual healthcare resource use derived from multiple data sources adjusted to 2018 Australian Medicare Benefits Schedule values.

Results

A total of 256, 239, 233 participants was screened at each round respectively; 12 participants were diagnosed with lung cancer during screening and 2 during follow‐up: 9 underwent surgery, 4 received concurrent chemoradiation, 1 received palliative chemotherapy. One surgical case died from lymphoma 1407 days after diagnosis, all other surgical cases survived >5 years. Non‐surgical median survival post‐diagnosis was 654 days. Gross trial cost was Australian dollar (AU$) 965 665 (AU$397 396 CT scans; AU$29 303 false‐positive scan work‐up; AU$96 340 true‐positive scan workup; AU$336 914 lung cancer treatment; AU$104 712 lung cancer follow‐up post‐treatment). Average total direct medical cost per participant was AU$3 768. Average direct cost of surgery was AU$22 659; average non‐surgical cost was AU$47 395 (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, palliative care).

Conclusions

Advanced cancer cost more to treat and had worse survival than early cancer. Screening costs are similar to international studies and suggest that lung cancer early detection could limit treatment costs and improve outcomes.
Endoscopic treatment for choledocholithiasis in asymptomatic patients
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Dan , Qian Jian‐Qing , Dai Jian‐Jun , Sun Zhen‐Xing
Published: July 2019

Background and Aim

A few small retrospective studies recently found that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in asymptomatic compared with symptomatic common bile duct stones (CBDSs) patients appeared to increase the risk of post‐ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). This study aimed to determine the risk of ERCP in asymptomatic CBDS patients.

Methods

A total of 327 consecutive patients with native papilla were invited to participate into the study and divided into two groups: 53 in the asymptomatic group and 274 in the symptomatic group, who underwent CBDS removal by ERCP. Patient's characteristics and outcomes were analyzed.

Results

A total of 46 (14.1%) patients had ERCP‐related complications, including PEP, cholangitis, perforation, and bleeding. The overall complication rate in the asymptomatic group was higher than in the control group (26.4% vs 11.7%, P < 0.01). PEP was the most common complication (30/327, 9.2%). Of the 30 cases of PEP, 25 (83.3%) were mild, and the severity in both groups was similar (9/1/1 vs 16/2/1, P > 0.05). The incidence rate of PEP in the asymptomatic group was higher than in the symptomatic group (20.8% vs 6.9%, P < 0.01). Multivariate regression analysis identified asymptomatic CBDSs (odds ratio = 0.241, 95% confidence interval: 0.092–0.628) as being independently associated with PEP occurrence.

Conclusion

Asymptomatic CBDSs were associated with increased incidence of PEP compared with symptomatic CBDSs.
Registered Nurse Burnout, Job Dissatisfaction, and Missed Care in Nursing Homes
Authors: White Elizabeth M. , Aiken Linda H. , McHugh Matthew D.
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVES

To examine the relationship between registered nurse (RN) burnout, job dissatisfaction, and missed care in nursing homes.

DESIGN

Cross‐sectional secondary analysis of linked data from the 2015 RN4CAST‐US nurse survey and LTCfocus.

SETTING

A total of 540 Medicare‐ and Medicaid‐certified nursing homes in California, Florida, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 687 direct care RNs.

MEASUREMENTS

Emotional Exhaustion subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, job dissatisfaction, and missed care.

RESULTS

Across all RNs, 30% exhibited high levels of burnout, 31% were dissatisfied with their job, and 72% reported missing one or more necessary care tasks on their last shift due to lack of time or resources. One in five RNs reported frequently being unable to complete necessary patient care. Controlling for RN and nursing home characteristics, RNs with burnout were five times more likely to leave necessary care undone (odds ratio [OR] = 4.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.56‐9.66) than RNs without burnout. RNs who were dissatisfied were 2.6 times more likely to leave necessary care undone (OR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.68‐3.91) than RNs who were satisfied. Tasks most often left undone were comforting/talking with patients, providing adequate patient surveillance, patient/family teaching, and care planning.

CONCLUSION

Missed nursing care due to inadequate time or resources is common in nursing homes and is associated with RN burnout and job dissatisfaction. Improved work environments with sufficient staff hold promise for improving care and nurse retention. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2065–2071, 2019
Association of dietary patterns and risk of cardiovascular disease events in theMASHADcohort study
Authors: Asadi Z. , Shafiee M. , Sadabadi F. , Heidari‐Bakavoli A. , Moohebati M. , Khorrami M. S. , Darroudi S. , Heidari S. , Hoori T. , Tayefi M. , Mohammadi F. , Esmaeily H. , Safarian M. , Ghayour‐Mobarhan M. , Ferns G. A.
Published: July 2019

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the principal cause of mortality and disability in Iranian adults. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary patterns andCVDincidence in a large sample of adults in northeastern Iran.

Methods

The present study comprised a prospective study of 5706CVD‐free men and women aged 35–65 years who participated in a cohort study. All of the participants were followed up for a 6‐year period. Dietary patterns were derived from a 65‐item validated food frequency questionnaire and the factor analysis method was used to determine dietary patterns.

Results

We identified two major dietary patterns: (i) a Balanced dietary pattern (a high intake of green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, fruits, dairy products, red meats, poultry, seafoods, legumes and nuts, as well as a low intake of sugar) and (ii) a Western dietary pattern (a high intake of sugar, tea, egg, snacks, fast foods, potato, carbonated beverages, pickled foods, organs meat and butter) by factor analysis. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of totalCVDin the highest versus lowest tertiles of the Balanced pattern were 1.29 (95%CI= 0.67–2.47;P = 0.44). TheHRand 95% CIs ofCVDin the highest versus lowest tertiles of Western pattern were 2.21 (95%CI= 1.08–4.45;P = 0.03).

Conclusions

During the 6‐year follow‐up, we found that adherence to a Balanced dietary pattern was not significantly associated withCVDevents. However, adherence to a Western dietary pattern was associated with a significantly increased risk ofCVDevents and its associated risk.
Comparison of a 2D iPad application and 3D body scanner to air displacement plethysmography for measurement of body fat percentage
Authors: Wagner D. R. , Castañeda F. , Bohman B. , Sterr W.
Published: July 2019

Background

Novel and innovative imaging methods that rapidly estimate body fat percentage (%BF) are publicly available, yet little is known about their accuracy. The present study evaluated the test–retest reliability of a two‐dimensional iPad (Apple, Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA) application (2D APP) and a three‐dimensional body scanner (3D SCAN) for estimating %BF and compared both imaging methods with air displacement plethysmography (Bod Pod; Cosmed USA, Inc., Concord, CA, USA).

Methods

Seventy‐nine adults (37 female, 42 male) varying widely in age [mean (SD), range] [32.9 (12.4), 18–65 years] and body mass index [25.0 (4.9), 18.2–41.8 kg m–2] were measured with the Bod Pod and twice with the 3D SCAN and the 2D APP in a repeated‐measures design.

Results

Test–retest reliability was excellent for both the 2D APP (intraclass correlation = 0.993) and the 3D SCAN (intraclass correlation = 0.993) with the SEM <1% BF for both methods. Although the three methods were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.857–0.923), the mean %BF estimations were significantly different (P = 0.001). The 2D APP [19.9 (8.2)%BF] underestimated the Bod Pod value [21.9 (9.4)%BF] and the 3D SCAN [24.0 (6.8)%BF] overestimated. Additionally, the SE of estimate and total error exceeded 4% BF for both 2D APP and 3D SCAN, and both methods tended to overestimate lean participants and underestimate fat participants.

Conclusions

Although highly reliable, neither the 2D APP, nor the 3D SCAN provided valid estimates of %BFBod Pod.
SMALL KERNEL4 is required for mitochondrial cox1 transcript editing and seed development in maize
Authors: Wang Hong‐Chun , Sayyed Aqib , Liu Xin‐Yuan , Yang Yan‐Zhuo , Sun Feng , Wang Yong , Wang Miaodi , Tan Bao‐Cai
Published: July 2019

In land plants, cytidine‐to‐uridine (C‐to‐U) editing of organellar transcripts is an important post‐transcriptional process, which is considered to remediate DNA genetic mutations to restore the coding of functional proteins. Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins have key roles in C‐to‐U editing. Owing to its large number, however, the biological functions of many PPR proteins remain to be identified. Through characterizing a small kernel4 (smk4) mutant, here we report the function of Smk4 and its role in maize growth and development. Null mutation of Smk4 slows plant growth and development, causing small plants, delayed flowering time, and small kernels. Cloning revealed that Smk4 encodes a new E‐subclass PPR protein, and localization indicated that SMK4 is exclusively localized in mitochondria. Loss of Smk4 function abolishes C‐to‐U editing at position 1489 of the cytochrome c oxidase1 (cox1) transcript, causing an amino acid change from serine to proline at 497 in Cox1. Cox1 is a core component of mitochondrial complex IV. Indeed, complex IV activity is reduced in the smk4, along with drastically elevated expression of alternative oxidases (AOX). These results indicate that SMK4 functions in the C‐to‐U editing of cox1‐1489, and this editing is crucial for mitochondrial complex IV activity, plant growth, and kernel development in maize.
Proton beam therapy for recurrent ovarian carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Kino Tamina , Ando Noriko , Ogawara Yuki , Shigeta Hiroyuki
Published: July 2019

The efficacy and feasibility of proton beam therapy (PBT) for recurrent ovarian carcinoma had not been determined. Here we presented a case of recurrent ovarian carcinoma that was successfully treated with PBT. A 48‐year‐old woman who was diagnosed as left ovarian clear cell carcinoma underwent surgery without removal of two tumors. After achieving complete remission with postoperative chemotherapy, a recurrent tumor was found in the sigmoid colon, for which a colostomy was performed. Because second‐line chemotherapy was not effective, PBT was selected; there were no complications, except for a transient low‐grade fever. After 1 year of PBT, the tumor completely disappeared and the patient had been disease‐free for over 8 years. PBT may be an effective and less invasive treatment modality for recurrent ovarian carcinoma.
Hepatitis B and C testing strategies in healthcare and community settings in the EU/EEA: A systematic review
Authors: Mason Lauren M. K. , Veldhuijzen Irene K. , Duffell Erika , van Ahee Ayla , Bunge Eveline M. , Amato‐Gauci Andrew J. , Tavoschi Lara
Published: July 2019

An estimated 9 million individuals are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) across the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA), many of which are yet to be diagnosed. We performed a systematic review to identify interventions effective at improving testing offer and uptake in the EU/EEA. Original research articles published between 1 January 2008 and 1 September 2017 were retrieved from PubMed and EMBASE. Search strings combined terms for HBV/HCV, intervention, testing and geographic terms (EU/EEA). Out of 8331 records retrieved, 93 studies were selected. Included studies reported on testing initiatives in primary health care (9), hospital (12), other healthcare settings (31) and community settings (41). Testing initiatives targeted population groups such as migrants, drug users, prisoners, pregnant women and the general population. Testing targeted to populations at higher risk yielded high coverage rates in many settings. Implementation of novel testing approaches, including dried blood spot (DBS) testing, was associated with increased coverage in several settings including drug services, pharmacies and STI clinics. Community‐based testing services were effective in reaching populations at higher risk for infection, vulnerable and hard‐to‐reach populations. In conclusion, our review identified several successful testing approaches implemented in healthcare and community settings, including testing approaches targeting groups at higher risk, community‐based testing services and DBS testing. Combining a diverse set of testing opportunities within national testing strategies may lead to higher impact both in terms of testing coverage and in terms of reduction, on the undiagnosed fraction.
Evidence for rapid evolution in a grassland biodiversity experiment
Authors: van Moorsel Sofia J. , Schmid Marc W. , Wagemaker Niels C. A. M. , van Gurp Thomas , Schmid Bernhard , Vergeer Philippine
Published: July 2019

In long‐term grassland experiments, positive biodiversity effects on plant productivity commonly increase with time. Subsequent glasshouse experiments showed that these strengthened positive biodiversity effects persist not only in the local environment but also when plants are transferred into a common environment. Thus, we hypothesized that community diversity had acted as a selective agent, resulting in the emergence of plant monoculture and mixture types with differing genetic composition. To test our hypothesis, we grew offspring from plants that were grown for eleven years in monoculture or mixture environments in a biodiversity experiment (Jena Experiment) under controlled glasshouse conditions in monocultures or two‐species mixtures. We used epiGBS, a genotyping‐by‐sequencing approach combined with bisulphite conversion, to provide integrative genetic and epigenetic (i.e., DNA methylation) data. We observed significant divergence in genetic and DNA methylation data according to selection history in three out of five perennial grassland species, namely Galium mollugo, Prunella vulgaris and Veronica chamaedrys, with DNA methylation differences mostly reflecting the genetic differences. In addition, current diversity levels in the glasshouse had weak effects on epigenetic variation. However, given the limited genome coverage of the reference‐free bisulphite method epiGBS, it remains unclear how much of the differences in DNA methylation was independent of underlying genetic differences. Our results thus suggest that selection of genetic variants, and possibly epigenetic variants, caused the rapid emergence of monoculture and mixture types within plant species in the Jena Experiment.
Epidemiology and management burden of invasive fungal infections after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: 10‐year experience at a European Pediatric Cancer Center
Authors: Linke Christina , Tragiannidis Athanasios , Ahlmann Martina , Fröhlich Birgit , Wältermann Maria , Burkhardt Birgit , Rossig Claudia , Groll Andreas H.
Published: July 2019

Background

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) carries risks of infectious morbidity. We analysed epidemiology and management burden associated with invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) in children and adolescents undergoing autologous HSCT.

Methods

In a retrospective, single‐centre observational study, epidemiology and management burden associated with IFDs were analysed in all paediatric cancer patients who underwent autologous HSCT between 2005 and 2014. Clinical, radiographic and microbiological data were assessed up to 100 days post‐transplant. The primary endpoint was the incidence of proven, probable and possible IFDs. Further endpoints included the use of systemic antifungal agents for prevention and management of IFDs; infectious and non‐infectious comorbidities; and survival until day + 100.

Results

Of 95 patients (median age: 8 years; r, 0.75‐20) underwent 103 HSCT procedures for solid tumours (92) or lymphoma (11). Primary antifungal prophylaxis was administered in 49 procedures (47.5%). No single case of proven/probable IFD was diagnosed. Nine cases (8.7%) fulfilled criteria of possible pulmonary mould infection and received treatment for a median of 14 days (r, 7‐35). In an additional 12 procedures, empiric antifungal therapy with mould active agents was given for a median of 8 days (r, 3‐105). Microbiologically documented non‐fungal infections were observed in 17 procedures, and five patients were transferred to the ICU. There was one death from biopsy documented toxic endothelial damage at day 83 post‐transplant.

Conclusions

Autologous HSCT for solid tumours or lymphoma was associated with low morbidity from IFDs. However, utilisation of systemic antifungal agents for prevention and management of suspected IFDs was considerable.
Tissue typing for kidney transplantation for the general nephrologist
Authors: Mulley William R , Hudson Fiona , Lee Darren , Holdsworth Rhonda F
Published: July 2019

Tissue typing is the process by which an individual's human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are determined. In transplantation, this vital process allows the immunologic or rejection risk of a donor–recipient pairing to be assessed through reviewing their HLA matching and whether any anti‐HLA antibodies present in recipient serum are donor specific. Tissue typing has increased in sophistication over time which has allowed a deeper appreciation of the antigenically important parts of HLA and increased the complexity of determining immunologic risk.
Genome‐wide identification of EMBRYO‐DEFECTIVE (EMB) genes required for growth and development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Meinke David W.
Published: July 2019

With the emergence of high‐throughput methods in plant biology, the importance of long‐term projects characterized by incremental advances involving multiple laboratories can sometimes be overlooked. Here, I highlight my 40‐year effort to isolate and characterize the most common class of mutants encountered in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana): those defective in embryo development. I present an updated dataset of 510 EMBRYO‐DEFECTIVE (EMB) genes identified throughout the Arabidopsis community; include important details on 2200 emb mutants and 241 pigment‐defective embryo (pde) mutants analyzed in my laboratory; provide curated datasets with key features and publication links for each EMB gene identified; revisit past estimates of 500–1000 total EMB genes in Arabidopsis; document 83 double mutant combinations reported to disrupt embryo development; emphasize the importance of following established nomenclature guidelines and acknowledging allele history in research publications; and consider how best to extend community‐based curation and screening efforts to approach saturation for this diverse class of mutants in the future. Continued advances in identifying EMB genes and characterizing their loss‐of‐function mutant alleles are needed to understand genotype‐to‐phenotype relationships in Arabidopsis on a broad scale, and to document the contributions of large numbers of essential genes to plant growth and development.
“What a nurse suffers”: Care left undone in seventeenth‐century Madrid
Authors: Langtree Tanya , Birks Melanie , Biedermann Narelle
Published: July 2019

Care left undone, interchangeably referred to as missed care, unfinished nursing care and task incompletion, is pervasive in contemporary healthcare systems. Care left undone can result in adverse outcomes for the patient, nurse and organization. The rhetoric that surrounds care left undone infers it is a contemporary nursing phenomenon; however, a seventeenth‐century Spanish nursing treatise, Instruccion de Enfermeros (Instructions for Nurses), challenges this assumption. Instruccion de Enfermeros was an instructional guide that was written for members of the Congregation of Bernardino de Obregon who worked as nurses at the Madrid General Hospital. The treatise provides a historical commentary on the daily roles, responsibilities and working conditions of the Obregonian nurses. Its content and context suggest the Obregonian nursing resource was consistently time poor due to a confluence of internal and external stressors. Consequently, the Obregonians were under considerable role strain resulting in inferior patient care. This article explores the antecedents of care left undone through a historical lens using exemplars from the 1625 edition of Instruccion de Enfermeros. Factors contributing to care left undone in Obregonian nursing will then be examined to offer insights into the similarities between what a nurse suffered 400 years ago and what exists in contemporary nursing practice.
Is the YouTube™ an useful source of information on oral leukoplakia?
Authors: Kovalski Luan Nathiel Santana , Cardoso Fernanda Brochier , D’Avila Otávio Pereira , Corrêa Ana Paula Borngräber , Martins Marco Antonio Trevizani , Martins Manoela Domingues , Carrard Vinicius Coelho
Published: July 2019

Objectives

YouTube™ has become a widely used source of health information. This cross‐sectional study aimed to analyze the quality of English language videos on oral leukoplakia available on YouTube™.

Materials and methods

A YouTube™ search for oral leukoplakia was performed, leading to 1,690 videos. The first 100 results were examined for exclusion criteria, yielding 28 videos. The source, duration, views, likes, and dislikes of each video were recorded. Two oral medicine residents scored the videos for visibility, popularity, quality, utility, and reliability.

Results

Videos were categorized into two groups: independent users or company advertisements (n = 21) and professional organizations or government agencies (n = 5). Analysis showed that, in general, videos were of low quality, usefulness, and reliability. Higher quality videos had more likes (p < .05, Mann–Whitney test). More reliable videos received more likes and presented a higher viewing rate and interaction index (p < .05, Mann–Whitney test).

Conclusions

There are few high‐quality videos about oral leukoplakia on YouTube™. Oral medicine professionals and students should attempt to correct this deficit, as they are the holders of evidence‐based knowledge and clinical experience.
Twenty‐four hour ocular and systemic diurnal rhythms in children
Authors: Ostrin Lisa A. , Jnawali Ashutosh , Carkeet Andrew , Patel Nimesh B.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Ocular diurnal rhythms have been implicated in myopia, glaucoma, diabetes, and other ocular pathologies. Ocular rhythms have been well described in adults; however, they have not yet been fully examined in children. The goal of this study was to investigate ocular and systemic diurnal rhythms over 24 h in children.

Methods

Subjects, ages 5 to 14 years (n = 18), wore a light, sleep, and activity monitor for one week to assess habitual sleep/wake patterns, then underwent diurnal measurements every 4 h for 24 h. Measurements included blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular biometry, and optical coherence tomography imaging. Saliva was collected for melatonin and cortisol analysis. Mean ocular perfusion pressure was calculated from IOP and blood pressure. Central corneal thickness, corneal power, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous chamber depth, and axial length were determined from biometry. Total retinal thickness, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) + photoreceptor outer segment thickness, photoreceptor inner segment thickness, and choroidal thickness were determined for a 1 mm diameter centred on the fovea. Subjects’ amplitude and acrophase of diurnal variation for each parameter were determined using Fourier analysis, and mean acrophase was calculated using unit vector averaging.

Results

Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that all parameters except anterior chamber depth exhibited significant variations over 24 h (p ≤ 0.005 for all). Axial length underwent diurnal variation of 45.25 ± 6.30 μm with an acrophase at 12.92 h, and choroidal thickness underwent diurnal variation of 26.25 ± 2.67 μm with an acrophase at 1.90 h. IOP was approximately in phase with axial length, with a diurnal variation of 4.19 ± 0.50 mmHg and acrophase at 11.37 h. Total retinal thickness underwent a significant diurnal variation of 4.09 ± 0.39 μm with an acrophase at 15.04 h. The RPE + outer segment layer was thickest at 3.25 h, while the inner segment layer was thickest at 14.95 h. Melatonin peaked during the dark period at 2.36 h, and cortisol peaked after light onset at 9.22 h.

Conclusions

Ocular and systemic diurnal rhythms were robust in children and similar to those previously reported in adult populations. Axial length and IOP were approximately in phase with each other, and in antiphase to choroidal thickness. These findings may have important implications in myopia development in children.