bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SURFACE QUALITY OF PERUVIAN AMAZON WOODS SUBMITTED FOR PLANNING AND SANDING
Authors: Cárdenas Miguel Meléndez , Juizo Claudio Gumane Francisco , Guillén Neptalí Bustamante , Mora Hector Enrique Gonzáles , Klitzke Ricardo Jorge , Da rocha Márcio Pereira
Published: October 2019

The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of the machined surface of wood of Peruvian Amazonian species under industrial processing conditions. For this, planks of capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum), cachimbo (Cariniana domestica) and copaíba (Copaifera paupera) were obtained from which four specimens of each species were removed and selected. The specimens were previously conditioned and subsequently submitted to planing and sanding operations, considering three cutting orientations (tangential, radial and intermediate). Then, the quality of the flattened and sanded surfaces of the studied species was evaluated by measuring the surface roughness (Ra) by means of a digital needle detection roughness meter. The results indicated significant differences in wood surface quality among the species in the three evaluated cutting planes, and the capirona radial plane had better planing and sanding quality. Concomitantly, due to the operations performed, the capirona wood allowed a greater possibility for better finishing, followed by cachimbo and copaíba wood, thus being grouped in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd surface quality classes, respectively.
FOLIAR COMPOSITION OF Eucalyptus urograndis IN TWO SITES FERTILIZED WITH N, P AND K IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Authors: Martins Bassaco Marcos Vinícius , Vargas Motta Antonio Carlos , Nisgoski Silvana , Ferreira Carla Fernanda , Pereira Milena
Published: October 2019

The leaf composition has been used as a tool in establishing the nutritional diagnosis and evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of nutrients. This knowledge is still scarce in subtropical conditions of cultivation. In this sense, the study aims to evaluate the effect of N, P and K fertilization on leaf concentration of Eucalyptus urograndis. The experiments were installed in the Oxisols of the sandy-loam texture, in the counties of Jaguariaíva and Ventania, state of Paraná. In the N and P experiments, the following doses: 0; 30; 60; 120 and 240 kg ha-1 of N and P2O5; and 0; 35; 70; 140 and 280 kg ha-1 K2O, split in four applications: during planting and side dressing at 3, 9 and 12 months of age. The response was evaluated according to the nutritional status of the plants at 12, 24 and 36 months, by foliar concentration. It also evaluated levels of K deficiency plant through visual and chemical analysis. The application of N and P did not result in alteration in the leaf contents of the same in all evaluated periods and in the two regions, with a slight decrease in the concentrations with time. A different effect occurred with K at the Jaguariaíva site, which altered its foliar concentration at the 24th and 36th month, and increased foliar concentrations with time. These effects demonstrate that foliar diagnosis, through foliar concentrations, may present limitations of interpretation and should not be evaluated separately for fertilization recommendation.
SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING FORMATION OF Eugenia stictopetala (MYRTACEAE) UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Fernandes Richard Matheus , Abreu Clara Anne Araújo , Oliveira Ademir Kleber Morbeck
Published: October 2019

The species Eugenia stictopetala, known as “cambucá” or dog-tongue, is found in areas of Cerrado and produces fruits in the form of drupe, black when mature and much consumed by the fauna. Despite its potential for use, there is no information about its germination processes and for this reason, the objective of this work was to evaluate its germination and seedling formation at different temperatures, besides its germination after initial storage. Newly collected seeds from the Cerrado area were evaluated at six temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35, 20-30 and 25-35 °C) and after 35 days of storage in different environmental conditions in a completely randomized design. The results indicated that the seeds have a high water content and the temperature of 30 °C being the most suitable for germination and seedling formation. After storage, loss of water content occurs, leading to a reduction in germination rates, indicating a characteristic of recalcitrant seeds.
Fusional stamina: An alternative to Sheardâ€™s criterion
Authors: Myklebust Arnulf , Riddell Patricia
Published: October 2019

Sheard postulated that symptoms from heterophoria can be avoided if the fusional reserves in the opposite direction are at least twice the size of the phoria itself; this is known as â€œSheardâ€™s criterionâ€. Although later studies have provided supporting evidence for this postulate, dichotomous criteria of this type are subject to a lack of sensitivity since small differences in measurements can result in a change in classification. The main purpose of this study was to provide a reliable continuous alternative measure to Sheardâ€™s criterion in children; we have called this â€œFusional Staminaâ€. Heterophorias and positive fusional vergence (PFV) were measured in a group of 82 typical children aged 5â€“11 years. The suggested new variable, fusional stamina, was calculated by dividing PFV by two and then subtracting the (hetero-) phoria. Repeatability at near was checked after one year for a subgroup of 40 children assumed to be at greater risk for binocular vision deficits. Mean fusional stamina was 8.1 PD (Prism Dioptres base out) (SD = Â±5.9 PD) for distance and 12.3 PD (SD = Â±8.2 PD) for near. Repeatability at near was r = 0.62, p < 0.001, compared to r = 0.38, p = 0.02 for PFV break-value. Five children passed Sheardâ€™s criterion on only one of two repeated tests, but showed low fusional stamina on both tests. Normative values of fusional stamina for a group of typical children are presented. Repeatability for near is high and better than for PFV. Results demonstrate that there is a risk of missing binocular problems based only on passing Sheardâ€™s criterion. The continuous alternative of fusional stamina can be useful for researchers as well as clinicians in quantifying binocular vision problems and to monitor the effects of treatment.
¿Influye en la respuesta el orden de administración de escalas valorativas 0-10? Una aplicación en encuestas telefónicas
Authors: Díaz de Rada Vidal
Published: October 2019

Pese a la gran tradición de las investigaciones sobre «efectos de respuesta» en encuestas, hay escasa literatura sobre la influencia de la dirección de administración de escalas ordinales. Investigaciones recientes han demostrado que variar la dirección de una escala de 11 puntos influye en las respuestas obtenidas/logra distribuciones diferentes. El presente trabajo busca analizar hasta que punto estas conclusiones, localizadas en la sociedad norteamericana, se producen también en la sociedad española. Una encuesta telefónica aplicada a dos muestras equivalentes de una comunidad autónoma proporciona una gran similitud en las respuestas con independencia de la dirección de administración de escalas ordinales. De las 14 escalas empleadas, tan solo 3 presentan distribuciones diferentes, influyendo más la edad y el nivel de estudios.
Medios de comunicación y "stakeholders" contribución al debate público de la pobreza y justicia energética en España
Authors: Sanz-Hernández Alexia
Published: October 2019

Los medios de comunicación y los diferentes actores sociales han jugado un importante papel en la formación de opinión pública en torno a la pobreza e injusticia energética en España. Una investigación con un diseño mixto ha permitido analizar quiénes se han conformado en grupos de interés, su grado de implicación y participación, sus sustanciales contribuciones para la reducción de la desigualdad y sus estrategias comunicativas. Se han analizado 478 noticias de la prensa digital, publicadas entre 2012 y 2017, utilizando análisis de contenido y análisis cualitativo con enfoque fundamentado. La investigación concluye que la pobreza energética se ha afrontado desde el plano asistencial y coyuntural y que este hecho ha propiciado la reclamación mediática de justicia energética y de empoderamiento colectivo para el logro de la ciudadanía energética.
YOUNG CONSUMERS’ BEHAVIOURS IN SOCIAL MEDIA AND THEIR IMPACT ON PERSONAL BRAND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Grzesiak Mateusz , Bilińska-Reformat Katarzyna
Published: October 2019

Aim/Purpose–The aims of the paper are 1) to show the preferences of young consumers related to using different social media and 2) to identify the process of establishment of personal brand in social media. Design/methodology/approach –results of a direct study performed on the young generation in Poland and a case study showing activities of chosen celebrity developing his personal brand targeted at young consumers. Findings –The research examines some relevant questions in the field of personal branding. It is showing the role of social media in developing a personal brand. The presented study brings several contributions to marketing professionals, gives examples how to develop personal brand using social media. Findings of this study indicate that using social media can lead to successful personal branding effects. Research implications/limitations –The possible results of the further research could significantly
influence the understanding of young customer’s behaviours that are the target market for celebrities developing their personal brands. A key limitation of this study is describing social media where the changes take place very rapidly. Secondly, it was only considered limited aspects of developing a personal brand.
Originality/value/contribution –The paper applies current and important topic, that is not well recognized in the literature. It shows that well developed personal brand in social media supports the financial success of celebrities.
Textual evaluation vs. User testing: a comparative analysis
Authors: Hellen O. da Silva Thiago , Matoso Freitas Lavínia , Soares Mendes Marília , Sucupira Furtado Elizabeth
Published: October 2019

One of the ways to evaluate a system is from Textual Evaluation. This type of evaluation consider the textual user’s opinions to infer aspects of the interaction with the system. Although this method covers many texts and consi- ders spontaneous narratives of the users, it takes a lot of time and effort. Some authors have reported on the need to compare evaluations techniques in order to investigate their effectiveness in revealing issue or to supplement the results of a systems assessment. This study presents a comparative analysis between the textual evaluation and user testing. A case study was performed evaluating the usability and user experience of a health app. As a result, the techniques were analyzed based on aspects that involved describing the results, resources needed and description of problems and users.
Geld im islamischen Recht
Authors: El Maghraoui Abdelaali
Published: October 2019

In Islamic law, there are many approaches to ethical issues. The best-known examples of this are the zakat tax on money and property as well as the prohibition of riba. Only an examination of the basic questions concerning money makes it possible to fundamentally understand economic thinking in Islam. This work deals with the social and market relevance of money and its significance in terms of contract theory. In this way, the author focuses on a topic that has so far received little attention in ‘Islamic economic theory’. His findings are based on an interdisciplinary examination of numerous primary sources. The main results of this book relate to the exchange of goods and the prohibition of riba as well as partnership (sharika) and profit-sharing (mudaraba).
Legitimität und Selbstbestimmung
Authors: Loh Wulf
Published: October 2019

State consent as the prevailing legitimising principle of international legal norms has become increasingly insufficient lately. This book reconstructs collective self-determination as an immanent legitimacy criterion that can supplement and materially underpin the principle of state consent. Basing his analysis on the value orientations inscribed in the norms, institutions and convictions of the actors of international law, the author singles out collective self-determination as the value that integrates and reproduces international law as a form of social practice. By employing such an immanent legitimation strategy, the book avoids the conventionalism or utopianism of other strategies and thereby establishes a legitimacy principle that is based on the normative convictions of the actors in international law, but at the same time takes the ethical and functional foundations of international legal praxis into account.
Cartografias artísticas
Authors: Rosa Vanessa Costa da
Published: October 2019

Ensaio Cartografias artísticas
Experiências Poéticas: um relato de estudos teóricos e práticas artísticas do Artista/Pesquisador
Authors: Rocha José Carlos da
Published: October 2019

Ensaio Experiências Poéticas: um relato de estudos teóricos e práticas artísticas do Artista/Pesquisador
Sem título, 2014, dimensões possíveis
Authors: Colbeich Mari
Published: October 2019

Notas de experiência: Sem título, 2014, dimensões possíveis
Caracterização socioambiental de populações que residem em áreas com riscos de inundação
Authors: Santana Giselly de Lourdes da Silva , Santos Karla de Souza , Pontes Altem Nascimento , Bichara Cléa Nazaré Carneiro , Morales Gundisalvo Piratoba
Published: October 2019

Estudos apontam que 84,3 % da população brasileira passou a ser predominantemente urbana, no entanto as condições de infraestrutura das metrópoles não estão acompanhando tal crescimento, o que predispõe a expansão desordenada e a formação de áreas periféricas vulneráveis à processos infecciosos. Como consequência a esta problemática, surgem novos casos de doenças endêmicas nestas regiões, principalmente as de veiculação hídrica, devido à sobrecarga e poluição dos cursos hídricos pelo constante despejo de efluentes sem o devido tratamento. Neste sentido, o estudo objetiva caracterizar o perfil socioambiental de populações que residem em áreas com risco de inundação, produzindo evidências para o planejamento estratégico das políticas públicas de saúde. A área de estudo é caracterizada pelo aglomerado de pessoas em ambientes degradados com características alagadiças e deficiências no saneamento básico, o que potencializa a disseminação de patógenos e o processo do adoecimento dos que residem ou trabalham no local, por estarem mais expostos aos fatores de risco à saúde. Os dados mostraram que o perfil socioambiental da amostra envolveu predominantemente o sexo feminino, a faixa etária entre 15 e 30 anos, os que trabalham de maneira informal com rendimentos de até 1 salário mínimo, os que possuem baixa escolaridade e os que relataram estar expostos a condições insalubres. Diante do exposto, pode-se dizer que a problemática destas áreas envolve não somente questões sociais e sanitárias, mas uma série de comportamentos de risco que implicam em prejuízos ao meio ambiente e à qualidade de vida das pessoas.
Estimativa do balanço de radiação de ondas longas durante a estação chuvosa em área de Mata Atlântica no estado de Alagoas
Authors: Lopes Júnior José Marcelo , Moura Marcos Antônio Lima , Querino Carlos Alexandre Santos , Santos Misael Ferreira dos , Carvalho André Luiz de
Published: October 2019

Em florestas tropicais o balanço de radiação de ondas longas contribui para a manutenção da biodiversidade, através dos processos de interceptação, transferência e absorção da radiação solar tanto acima quanto abaixo do dossel das árvores, sendo possível determinar a quantidade de energia que está saindo e entrando no ecossistema. Assim, este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar uma análise acerca do comportamento das variáveis e parâmetros meteorológicos que contribuem diretamente com o balanço de radiação de ondas longas, assim como determiná-lo através da avaliação de um modelo de estimativa sob diferentes condições de nebulosidade durante a estação chuvosa em área de Mata Atlântica no estado de Alagoas. Os dados das variáveis medidas foram obtidos através de uma torre micrometeorológica instalada dentro de um fragmento da Mata Atlântica localizado no município de Coruripe, durante o período de abril de 2017 a julho de 2017. Os dados foram processados em médias horárias, diárias e mensais e foram separados em diferentes condições de nebulosidade. Para a estimativa do balanço de radiação de ondas longas foi utilizado o modelo de Penman-Brunt o qual também passou por um processo de avaliação e parametrização baseado na análise do erro médio absoluto, raiz do erro quadrático médio, erro percentual absoluto médio, coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e índice de concordância de Willmott. O modelo de Penman-Brunt antes da parametrização apresentou um desempenho moderado sem haver uma diferença significativa entre condições de nebulosidade, contudo, a condição geral teve melhor desempenho que as demais. Após a parametrização o modelo apresentou uma leve melhora em seu desempenho para todas as condições. Assim como antes da parametrização a condição geral também obteve o melhor desempenho. Portanto, conclui-se que o modelo de Penman-Brunt possui desempenho de razoável a bom para o local de estudo, podendo ser utilizado em regiões similares sem a necessidade de classificação quanto à nebulosidade, quando em períodos chuvosos.
Multirresistência bacteriana e a consequência do uso irracional dos antibióticos
Authors: Macedo Júnior Adriano Menino de
Published: October 2019

Este estudo objetiva realizar uma discussão a respeito da natureza/estrutura das bactérias e de como elas desenvolvem algumas formas de resistência a medicamentos, as quais são adquiridas ao longo do tempo ou por fatores de ameaças. Para tanto, apresentamos uma síntese de resultados adquiridos por meio de uma revisão sistemática de bibliografia relativa à temática investigada, problematizando como o mau uso de antibióticos, assim como o tratamento empírico, tornam-se os principais fatores que desencadeiam a resistência bacteriana, apontando também para as várias formas de resistências desenvolvidas pelas bactérias e a prevenção a partir da atenção farmacêutica e do uso racional dos antibióticos.
DISPONIBILIZAÇÃO DE METADADOS EM LINKED DATA PARA REPOSITÓRIOS DIGITAIS
Authors: Arakaki Felipe Augusto , Coneglian Caio Saraiva , Santos Plácida Leopoldina Ventura Amorim da Costa , Santarem Segundo José Eduardo
Published: October 2019

Considerando la expansión de la producción científica en ambientes informacionales digitales y las nuevas formas de disponibilización de datos siguiendo los principios Linked Data, se objetivó discutir posibilidades de relacionamiento de datasets y enriquecimiento semántico de metadatos en repositorios digitales. Adicionalmente, presentar un modelo de conversión de registros en RDF. Es una investigación teórica y exploratoria, que realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre repositorios digitales y Linked Data. Se demostraron posibilidades del proceso de conversión, con la identificación de bases de datos, vocabularios y estándares que deben ser adoptados para que los datos generados sean enriquecidos semánticamente. El trabajo presenta un modelo que refleja los pasos a ser aplicados durante el proceso de disponibilización de metadatos de un repositorio digital en Linked Data. Se concluye que la integración entre repositorios digitales y las tecnologías de la Web Semántica permite la disponibilización de datos en Linked Data, la cual proporciona nuevos medios para la divulgación y la integración de los recursos en la Web.

Considering the expansion of scientific production in digital information environments and the new forms of data availability following the principles of Linked Data, the objective is to discuss possibilities of relationships of datasets and semantic enrichment of metadata in digital repositories and present a model of conversion of records in RDF. It is a theoretical and exploratory research, performing a bibliographic review on digital repositories and Linked Data. In this way, we have demonstrated possibilities of the conversion process, identifying databases, vocabularies and standards that must be adopted so that the generated data is enriched semantically. The work presented a model that reflects the steps that must be taken in the process of making available the metadata of a digital repository in Linked Data. It is concluded that the integration between digital repositories and Semantic Web technologies allows the availability of data in Linked Data, which provides new means for the dissemination and integration of resources on Web.
Comparison of Orthodontic Treatment with Different Premolar Extraction Modalities İn Terms of Soft Tissue Profile
Authors: ATİK Ezgi , GORUCU-COSKUNER Hande , TANER Tulin
Published: October 2019

Objectives:To evaluate the differences of changes in soft tissue profile and dentoskeletal parameters between different premolar extraction and non-extraction treatment modalities. Materials and Methods: 50 patients with skeletal Class I malocclusion was divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted 17 patients (mean age:16.76±1.68 years) treated with maxillary and mandibular first premolar extractions; Group 2 consisted 16 patients (mean age:15.81±1.19 years) treated with maxillary and mandibular second premolar extractions, and Group 3 consisted 17 patients (mean age:16.29±1.15 years) treated with non-extraction protocol. From the pre-treatment (T0) and post-treatment (T1) cephalometric radiographs, 13 measurements for dentoskeletal and 15 for soft tissue parameters were assessed. To determine changes due to treatment, and to compare differences among the groups, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed, respectively.Results: Mx1-SN, Mx1-FH, Mx1-NA, IMPA and Md1-NB values decreased significantly in Group 1 and 2, compared to Group 3 (p<0.001). According to the vertical reference line (VRL-li) and E-plane (E-LL), the lower lip showed statistically significant change (retraction) in Group 1 and 2, compared to non-extraction group (p<0.05). The mean change value for the upper and lower lip thicknesses in Group 1 and 2 were greater than in Group 3 (p<0.05). Group 1 and 2 did not show significant difference in any dentoskeletal and soft tissue measurements between each other. Conclusions:Soft tissue profile change following extraction treatment was similar regardless of the extracted teeth. However extraction treatment modalities resulted in significant profile changes especially in the lower lip with regard to the non-extraction control group.
EFFECT OF DN1 BACTERIAL STRAIN APPLIED BY DIFFERENT METHODS ON SOME MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAWBERRY CV. SAN ANDREAS (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.)
Authors: ŞAHİN Murat , EŞİTKEN Ahmet , PIRLAK Lütfi , ALTINTAŞ Serdar , TURAN Metin
Published: October 2019

There have been quite intensive studies on the use of Plant Growth-PromotingRhizobacteria (PGPR) in agriculture. Acidovorax facilis strain DN1 is one of thePGPR commonly used. The effect of DN1 bacterial strain on some morphologicalcharacteristics of strawberry cv. San Andreas was investigated. The DN1 bacterialstrain was applied via soil, leaf, and soil + leaf, for 3 months (once a month) tostrawberry plants. The DN1 spores were prepared with 0.2% boron, 10% cornstarch and distilled water. The bacterial solution was applied to plants at thefollowing day with a hand pump (to leaves; 50 cc) and graduated cylinder (250 cceach 5-liter pot). After 3 treatments, plants removed from pots and data collected.According to the results, DN1 bacterial strain often had a positive effect on themorphological and fruit characteristics. Spraying treatment was the most effectiveway for the stem and root traits we evaluated (crown diameter: 36.87 mm; stemfresh weight: 63.64 g; leaf number: 38.69; root fresh weight: 34.89 g). In addition,soil + leaf treatment had a positive effect on mean fruit weight (23.57 g) and fruitdiameter (27.64 mm). The effect on other properties was also positive, but the rootlength (26.34 cm) was reduced in leaf treatment compared to the control (29.69cm). It is expected that the most effective treatment is the combined (leaf + soil)treatment, while the leaf treatment may be the most effective method on soils withboron toxicity.
STUDY OF THE COMPRESSION BEHAVIOR OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS USING THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Authors: BIRIȘ Sorin-Ștefan , IONESCU Mariana , GHEORGHIȚĂ Neluș-Evelin , UNGUREANU Nicoleta , VLĂDUȚ Nicolae-Valentin
Published: October 2019

It is known that the phenomena that occur during compression of sunflower seedsare very complex. Comprehension of these phenomena is important for increasingthe performance of the equipment in the vegetable oil industry, both for thecracking of shells and for the grinding of kernels. Also for the pressing of oilseedmaterials it is helpful to understand the compression behavior of sunflower seeds.The major objective of this work is to find an easy way of highlighting how thestresses and deformations propagate in sunflower seeds kernels and shells duringthe compression process, with the aim of optimizing the energy consumptionrequired for the mechanical processing. Therefore, now days there is and we canuse the finite element method. This method is the most advanced engineering toolfor computing numerical and mathematical modeling of complex phenomenainvolving the propagation of stress and strain fields in continuous media. In thispaper a two-dimensional FEM model for analyzing sunflower seeds subjected atcompression by axial and lateral directions is presented. For experimentalvalidation of FEM model we made uniaxial compression tests on sunflower seeds,using a Hounsfield/Tinius Olsen unit for mechanical tests, H1KS model. Themodels used in this work highlight that the orientation of the seeds is veryimportant. There are situations when it is desirable that the stresses to be higher (atshelling, grinding, pressing, etc.) or situations when it is desirable that the stressesto be smaller (at transport, storage, etc.).
POLICE PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING ORDERS AND REQUESTS ISSUED BY THE COMPETENT AUTHORITIES
Authors: Мilidragović Dragan , Subošić Dane , Milić Nenad
Published: October 2019

In addition to the police duties set forth in Article 30(3) ofthe Law on Police (hereinafter referred to as Law), the police perform otherduties and tasks established by law. A number of these duties pertain to theprovision of assistance to other government bodies, primarily to the courts andprosecutors’ offices in carrying out tasks within their scope of work, whichconsists of handling their orders and requests. To establish the amount of timepolice officers in the security sector spend on handling orders and requests, thispaper presents sections of four surveys dealing with the engagement of policeofficers in performing these duties. The survey findings presented indicate thatthe police of the Republic of Serbia spend a considerable amount of workingtime on handling orders and requests and performing other tasks that are notdirectly related to the prevention and repression of crime. The fact that policeofficers are overwhelmed with an increasing number of orders and requestsis, in addition to the survey findings presented, confirmed by the statistics ofthe Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Serbia in the period 2010-2013,which is also presented in this paper. According to the statistical data, judicialauthorities annually send over 101.000 requests for serving summons, about435.000 orders for bringing in persons, and more than 100.000 requests for theverification of residence addresses, of which 75% pertains to field verificationof residence addresses. The problem of spending most of the working timeon handling orders and requests has been present for more than ten yearsin policing in the security sector. In resolving this problem, we propose toexamine experience from other countries whose law enforcement agencieshave entrusted some of their work to other government bodies or the privatesecurity sector.
PRIVATE AND/OR CORPORATE SECURITY: ARE THERE CONCEPTUAL SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES?
Authors: Lalić Velibor , Ćeranić Predrag , Sikimić Milica
Published: October 2019

This paper addresses the theoretical and conceptualdeterminations of private and corporate security. Based on the literaturereview, common characteristics and specificities are examined, and thegrounds for conceptual similarities and differences are critically re-examined.The key question is whether the two concepts are different or represent thesame concept. The typology of corporate security by Lippert et. al. was usedas an analytical framework to compare corporate and private security. Eachof the five dimensions in the typology is compared and analyzed. First, thefindings of Lippert et al. regarding the above typology are presented followedby the typology, that is, the analytical framework used for the analysis ofprivate security. Finally, the comparison of private and corporate securitywas performed to see in which dimensions of the typology there are overlapsand similarities, and in which differences. In this regard, the basic conclusionis that private security and corporate security are two related concepts withsignificant common characteristics (Lat. genus proximum) and specificities thatdistinguish them from each other (Lat. differentia specifica). The results of thecomparative analysis indicate that private security and corporate security arerelated but conceptually different notions.
Female Colonial Travel Writing as a Critique of Victorian Gender Stereotypes and Roles: A Case Study of F.D. Bridges’s Journal of a Lady’s Travels Round the World (1883)
Authors: Siber Mouloud
Published: October 2019

Making recourse to Virginia Woolf’s “Professions for Women” (1931), I have studied the manner in which F.D. Bridges criticizes the patriarchal representations of Victorian women in her Journal of a Lady’s Travels Round the World (1883). In her text, she not only accounts for her experiences of travel in foreign countries but also inserts a discourse that lies counter to male definitions of women’s roles as “household angels,” confined in the domestic space and deprived of power. With the strength she demonstrates through her experiences of travel, she criticizes the fact that women are considered to be ‘the weaker sex.’ She also cultivates a quest for knowledge so as to carve her place in the ‘public sphere’ of knowledge and power and to criticize the practice of representing women as uneducated and ignorant. Last but not least, she highlights the degraded condition of the foreign women in an attempt to call for a universal enfranchisement of women abroad and in her country. All the three elements allow Bridges to fight against the “phantom” of the “angel in the house,” which, according to Woolf, needed to be “killed” in order for a woman to impose her authorship.
Robert Frost and the “Eye Reader”
Authors: Pomeroy Jeremy
Published: October 2019

One salient feature of Robert Frost’s aesthetics was his sharp diff erentiation of the visual from the audile imagination. Frost (a former schoolteacher) had noticed the diff erence between visual and audile/phonetic readers, and considered the eye reader to be a ‘bad’
reader. The article examines those features of Frost’s own poetic practice which would have led him to consider the eye reader a bad reader, as well as the sorts of prosodic content an eye reader may be prone to miss. Having examined Frost’s aesthetic objections to the eye reader, the question is then posed: does Frost ever treat the “eye reader,” or oral
versus visual predilections, thematically in his artistic writings?
Combined effects of water temperature, grazing snails and terrestrial herbivores on leaf decomposition in urban streams
Authors: Xiang Hongyong , Zhang Yixin , Atkinson David , Sekar Raju
Published: October 2019

The decomposition of organic matter in freshwaters, such as leaf litter, can affect global nutrient (e.g., carbon) cycling. This process can be influenced by fast urbanization through increased water temperature, reduced aquatic diversity and changed leaf litter quality traits. In this study, we performed a mesocosm experiment to explore the individual and combined effects of warming (8°C higher and ambient), the presence versus absence of grazing snails (Parafossarulus striatulus), and intraspecific difference of leaf litter quality (intact versus > 40% area of Liriodendron chinense leaves grazed by terrestrial insects) on litter decomposition in urban streams. Litter decomposition rates ranged from 0.019 d−1 to 0.058 d−1 with an average decomposition rate of 0.032 ± 0.002 d−1. All the three factors had significant effects on litter decomposition rate. Warming and the presence of snails accelerated litter decomposition rates by 60% and 35% respectively. Litter decomposition rates of leaves damaged by terrestrial insects were 5% slower than that of intact leaves, because litter quality of terrestrial insect-damaged leaves was lower (i.e., higher specific leaf weight) than intact leaves. For treatments with snails, warming stimulated microbial and snail mediated litter decomposition rates by 35% and 167%, respectively. All combinations of treatments showed additive effects on litter decomposition except for the interaction between warming and snails which showed positive synergistic effects. In addition, neither temperature nor litter quality affected snail growth rate. These results imply that higher water temperature and the presence of abundant snails in urban streams greatly enhanced litter decomposition. Moreover, the effect of pest outbreaks, which resulted in lower litter quality, can cascade to aquatic ecosystems by retarding microbe-mediated litter decomposition. When these factors co-occurred, warming could synergistically interact with snails to speed up the depletion of organic matter, while the effect of leaf quality on litter decomposition may be diminished at high water temperature. These effects could further influence stream food webs and nutrient cycling.
Cognitive performance in distinct groups of children undergoing epilepsy surgery—a single-centre experience
Authors: Benova Barbora , Belohlavkova Anezka , Jezdik Petr , Jahodová Alena , Kudr Martin , Komarek Vladimir , Novak Vilem , Liby Petr , Lesko Robert , Tichý Michal , Kyncl Martin , Zamecnik Josef , Krsek Pavel , Maulisova Alice
Published: October 2019

Background

We aimed first to describe trends in cognitive performance over time in a large patient cohort (n = 203) from a single tertiary centre for paediatric epilepsy surgery over the period of 16 years divided in two (developing—pre-2011 vs. established—post-2011). Secondly, we tried to identify subgroups of epilepsy surgery candidates with distinctive epilepsy-related characteristics that associate with their pre- and post-surgical cognitive performance. Thirdly, we analysed variables affecting pre-surgical and post-surgical IQ/DQ and their change (post- vs. pre-surgical).

Methods

We analysed IQ/DQ data obtained using standardized neuropsychological tests before epilepsy surgery and one year post-surgically, along with details of patient’s epilepsy, epilepsy surgery and outcomes in terms of freedom from seizures. Using regression analysis, we described the trend in post-operative IQ/DQ. Cognitive outcomes and the associated epilepsy- and epilepsy surgery-related variables were compared between periods before and after 2011. Using multivariate analysis we analysed the effect of individual variables on pre- and post-operative IQ/DQ and its change.

Results

Epilepsy surgery tends to improve post-surgical IQ/DQ, most significantly in patients with lower pre-surgical IQ/DQ, and post-surgical IQ/DQ strongly correlates with pre-surgical IQ/DQ (Rho = 0.888, p < 0.001). We found no significant difference in pre-, post-surgical IQ/DQ and IQ/DQ change between the periods of pre-2011 and post-2011 (p = 0.7, p = 0.469, p = 0.796, respectively). Patients with temporal or extratemporal epilepsy differed in their pre-surgical IQ/DQ (p = 0.001) and in IQ/DQ change (p = 0.002) from those with hemispheric epilepsy, with no significant difference in post-surgical IQ/DQ (p = 0.888). Groups of patients with different underlying histopathology showed significantly different pre- and post-surgical IQ/DQ (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively) but not IQ/DQ change (p = 0.345).Variables associated with severe epilepsy showed effect on cognitive performance in multivariate model.

Discussion

Post-surgical IQ/DQ strongly correlates with pre-surgical IQ/DQ and greatest IQ/DQ gain occurs in patients with lower pre-surgical IQ/DQ scores. Cognitive performance was not affected by changes in paediatric epilepsy surgery practice. Pre- and post-operative cognitive performances, as well as patients’ potential for cognitive recovery, are highly dependent on the underlying aetiology and epileptic syndrome.
Umbilicated Hairy Auricular Mass Mimicking Accessory Tragus
Authors: Choi Jeong Hwan
Published: October 2019

Trichofolliculoma (TF) is a follicular hamartoma in which hairs protruding out of single orifice. To the best of my knowledge, only two auricular TF has been reported in the English literature. Moreover, clinically TF have been described to mimic malignancy. I present a case of an adult female with mass at the intertragal notch of the left auricle for several years. The clinical diagnosis was thought to be epidermoid cyst, accessory tragus, and other benign skin adnexal tumor. To prevent recurrence, the wide local excision of the mass was performed. The final diagnosis of TF was made. No recurrence was noted during the follow-up of 1 year. It is important for otologists to be familiar with the clinical and pathologic characterization of TF, to make the correct diagnosis.
Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsy and Vertigo Caused by Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency
Authors: Paik Seung Won , Yang Hui Joon , Seo Young Joon
Published: October 2019

A 38-year-old woman presented with a week’s history of binocular horizontal double vision and acute vertigo with gaze-induced nystagmus. We considered a diagnosis of one of the six syndromes of the sixth cranial nerve and evaluated several causes. She had history of severe anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, and hypertension. Magnetic resonance imaging with angiography showed stenosis of the right vertebral artery and hyperintensity on both basal ganglia. As we describe here, we should consider vertebrobasilar insufficiency as a cause for sixth cranial nerve palsy if a patient has high risk for microvascular ischemia, even in the absence of acute brain hemorrhage or infarction.
The Therapeutic Use of Plants By Users of a Public PreHospital Unit in Campos dos Goytacazes City, Rio De Janeiro State, Brazil / Uso de Plantas com Fins Terapêuticos por Usuários de uma Unidade Pré-Hospitalar Pública de Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Vargas Emilia Cristina Aguiar , Teixeira Enéas Rangel , Werneck Yasmin Castanheira dos Santos , Arantes Darcília Garcia
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Identificar as plantas utilizadas com fins terapêuticos por usuários de uma unidade pré-hospitalar pública do município de Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, os modos de preparo e uso, e o conhecimento deles sobre às propriedades terapêuticas, mecanismos de ação e indicação das plantas que utilizam. Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva, exploratória e qualitativa, operacionalizada por dez entrevistas semiestruturadas em abril de 2016, cujos dados foram tratados por análise temática. Resultados: Foram citadas 40 plantas, sendo a mais frequente a erva cidreira (Lippia alba), utilizada como calmante. A principal forma de obtenção das plantas é por meio de cultivo próprio; e o chá, preparado por infusão ou decocção, a principal forma de consumo. Foram citados malefícios associados ao uso da arnica (Solidago chilensis). Conclusão: Verificou-se que a maior parte das plantas utilizadas é de procedência regional, cujo conhecimento de uso foi adquirido por mães e avós.
Risk Factors for Patients Showing Arteriovenous Fistula Recurrent Failure / Fatores de Risco para Pacientes com Falência Recorrente de Fístula Arteriovenosa
Authors: Carvalho Juliana lima de , Luna Aline Affonso , Souza Priscilla Aldradique de , Fassarella Cíntia Silva
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Identificar os fatores de risco/condicionantes para a falência da fístula arteriovenosa e analisar os cuidados necessários para manutenção da fístula arteriovenosa. Métodos: Estudo piloto realizado com 10 participantes com histórico de falência de fístula arteriovenosa, com dados coletados por meio de formulário e analisados por estatística descritiva, aceito pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, com número do CAAE nº 64150117.2.0000.5259. Resultados: A idade média foi de 57,3 anos. A hipertensão arterial foi a doença prévia mais comum en­contrada entre os participantes. A hipotensão e as punções repetidas foram os fatores de risco/condicionantes com maior ocorrência. Conclusão:  a maioria dos participantes possuíam baixa escolaridade e informaram ter tido alguma complicação na FAV. A hipotensão como fator condicionante para falência das FAV, permaneceu de forma frequente entre os participantes. Observou-se que grande parte já realizava tratamento dialítico prévio.
A dosimetric comparison of the use of equally spaced beam (ESB), beam angle optimization (BAO), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in head and neck cancers treated by intensity modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Leung Wan Shun , Wu Vincent W. C. , Liu Clarie Y. W. , Cheng Ashley C. K.
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Previous studies have shown that the beam arrangement had significant influence on plan quality in intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). This study aimed to evaluate the dosimetric performance of beam arrangement methods by employing equally spaced beams (ESB), beam angle optimization (BAO), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in the planning of five types of head and neck (H&N) cancers treated by IMRT.

Methods

Five plans of different beam arrangement methods were optimized for 119 H&N cancer patients with the prescription of 66–70 Gy for high‐risk planning target volume (PTV), 60 Gy for intermediate risk PTV, 54 Gy for low‐risk PTV using a simultaneously integrated boost method. The five‐beam arrangement methods were: ESB, coplanar BAO (BAOc), noncoplanar BAO (BAOnc), two‐arc VMAT (VMAT2), and three‐arc VMAT (VMAT3). The H&N cancers included cancers of nasopharynx, oral cavity, larynx, maxillary sinus, and parotid. Although the partial arc VMAT could be used in cases where the PTVs were situated at one side of the head such as the parotid, this arrangement was not included because it was intended to include only the beam arrangements that were applicable to all the types of head and neck cancers in the study. The plans were evaluated using a “figure‐of‐merit” known as uncomplicated target conformity index (UTCI). In addition, PTV conformation number and homogeneity index, normal tissue integral dose, and organ at risk (OAR) doses were also used. The mean values of these parameters were compared among the five plans.

Results

All treatment plans met the preset dose requirements for the target volumes and OARs. For nasopharyngeal cancer, VMAT3 and BAOnc demonstrated significantly higher UTCI. For cancer of oral cavity, most beam arrangement showed similar UTCI except ESB, which was relatively lower. For cancer of larynx, there was no significant difference in UTCI among the five‐beam arrangement methods. For cancers of maxillary sinus and parotid gland, the two BAO methods showed marginally higher UTCI among all the five methods.

Conclusion

Individual methods showed dosimetric advantages on certain aspects, and the UTCI of the BAO treatment plans are marginally greater in the case of maxillary sinus and parotid gland. However, if treatment time was included into consideration, VMAT plans would be recommended for cancers of the nasopharynx, oral cavity, and larynx.
Identification of Two Novel Small Compounds that Inhibit Liver Cancer Formation in Zebrafish and Analysis of Their Conjugation to Nanodiamonds to Further Reduce Toxicity
Authors: Tseng Po‐Han , Sie Zong‐Lin , Liu Meng‐Chieh , Lin Han‐Syuan , Yang Wan‐Yu , Lin Ting‐Yu , Hsieh Hsing‐Pang , Hung Shih‐Che , Cheng Chia‐Liang , Wang Horng‐Dar , Chang Hsin‐Hou , Yuh Chiou‐Hwa
Published: October 2019

Liver cancer, which is ranked fourth in cancer‐related mortality worldwide, lacks effective therapeutic treatments. The development of new targeted therapies for liver cancer is urgently needed. The zebrafish is an excellent preclinical model organism for drug screening. Therefore, in a zebrafish model, hundreds of small molecules are screened, and two compounds (LIB1O0078 and LIB1O0144) are identified as the strongest inducers of antiangiogenic effects without side effects. LIB1O0078 exhibits better antiproliferation ability, and LIB1O0144 has better antimigration ability, as shown by xenotransplantation assays. Furthermore, LIB1O0078 and LIB1O0144 exhibit anti‐HCC effects after retro‐orbital injection into adult Tg(fabp10a:HBx,Src, p53‐) triple transgenic fish with obesity and liver cancer. Because of the embryonic toxicity induced by these compounds, they are conjugated with nanodiamonds (ND), which are highly biocompatible function‐based carriers. ND‐coated small molecules not only reduce the embryonic toxicity and hepatotoxicity of the compounds, also exhibit better anti‐HCC effects when administered by oral gavage in adult Tg(fabp10a:HBx,Src, p53‐) fish with obesity and liver cancer. This study integrates nanotechnology and biomedical technology, identifies new potential anticancer drugs, and demonstrates the effectiveness of coating them on nanodiamonds in vivo. Facilitated by such a rapid zebrafish screening system, new anticancer drugs can be identified in a personalized and timely manner.
T lymphocytes and cytotoxic astrocyte blebs correlate across autism brains
Authors: DiStasio Marcello M. , Nagakura Ikue , Nadler Monica J. , Anderson Matthew P.
Published: October 2019

Objective

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 1 in 59 children, yet except for rare genetic causes, the etiology in most ASD remains unknown. In the ASD brain, inflammatory cytokine and transcript profiling shows increased expression of genes encoding mediators of the innate immune response. We evaluated postmortem brain tissue for adaptive immune cells and immune cell–mediated cytotoxic damage that could drive this innate immune response in the ASD brain.

Methods

Standard neuropathology diagnostic methods including histology and immunohistochemistry were extended with automated image segmentation to quantify identified pathologic features in the postmortem brains.

Results

We report multifocal perivascular lymphocytic cuffs contain increased numbers of lymphocytes in ~65% of ASD compared to control brains in males and females, across all ages, in most brain regions, and in white and gray matter, and leptomeninges. CD3+ T lymphocytes predominate over CD20+ B lymphocytes and CD8+ over CD4+ T lymphocytes in ASD brains. Importantly, the perivascular cuff lymphocyte numbers correlate to the quantity of astrocyte‐derived round membranous blebs. Membranous blebs form as a cytotoxic reaction to lymphocyte attack. Consistent with multifocal immune cell–mediated injury at perivascular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)–brain barriers, a subset of white matter vessels have increased perivascular space (with jagged contours) and collagen in ASD compared to control brains. CSF–brain barrier pathology is also evident at cerebral cortex pial and ventricular ependymal surfaces in ASD.

Interpretation

The findings suggest dysregulated cellular immunity damages astrocytes at foci along the CSF–brain barrier in ASD. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:885–898