bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA CELL LINES WITH HIGH EXPRESSION OF HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR
Authors: Fouzia Qadir  , Anders Sundan  , Maria Mufti  , Asad Jan
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To determine the overexpress HGF gene in non HGF producing humane myeloma cell lines (INA-6).

Materials and Methods:

In this study, retroviral- expression constructs were designed and constructed. The sequence of the cloned fragments in the vector constructs was determined and the effect of construct was examined using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. At department of cancer research & molecular medicine, norwegien university of science & technology, Trondheim Norway, in June 2016 to April 2018.

Results:

We established expression constructs based on HGF mRNA sequence. The HGF non producing human myeloma cell line INA-6 transduced with lentiviral HGF-overexpression transduction particles, were analyzed for their effect on the HGF gene expression. HGF overexpression was analyzed both at mRNA level and protein levels. Two myeloma cell line INA-6 HGF-1 and INA-6HGF-2 showed significant over expression of HGF mRNA and protein.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the HGF overexpression cell lines can be used as tissue culture models to investigate the role of HGF protein in pathology of multiple myeloma.
A SPECTRUM OF MAXILLOFACIAL FRACTURES IN FALLS DUE TO SYSTEMIC DISEASES
Authors: Nigam Sattar  , Muslim Khan  , Rabia Noreen  , Laraib Siddiqui  , Syeda Rabia Rahat Gillani  , Osama Mushtaq  , Atta ur Rehman
Published: July 2023

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the medical etiologies leading to maxillofacial fractures and associated pattern of facial fractures.
Materials and Methods:
Patients who fell due to systemic diseases and had maxillofacial fractures with age ranging from 16-75 years presenting to the department of maxillofacial surgery at Khyber college of Dentistry, Peshawar from January 2017 to January 2020 were included. Patients who fell due to environmental reasons (fall from stairs, falls from heights and falls due to tripping, slipping and falls in patients who presented with preexisting maxillofacial bony pathologies or had chances of pathological fractures were excluded.
Results:
54 patients were males and 10 were females with age range from 16 to 64 years (Mean:46.61, SD±19.142). Epilepsy was the most common etiology of fall (28.1%), Parkinsonism in 26.6%; stroke; 21.9%, cardiac reasons 20.3% and antipsychotic drugs 3.1%. Patients with parkinsonism had 47.1% of mid face fractures, 47.1 % upper face fractures and 5.9% lower face fractures. Patients with stroke had 92.9% lower face fractures and 7.1% mid face fractures. Patients with epilepsy lower face fractures in 94.4% cases and mid face fractures in 5.6%. These differences were statistically significant (p value <0.001).
Conclusion:
Epilepsy was the most common cause of falls with predominantly mandible fractures. In Parkinson’s disease, upper and mid face fractures are more common. Mid face fracture is more common in patients who use antipsychotic drugs.
MEAN VERTICAL LENGTH OF LABIAL SURFACE DISPLAY OF WAX RIM WITH RESTING LIP AND DURING POSED SMILE IN EDENTULOUS PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT LENGTHS OF MAXILLARY LIP IN RELATION TO GENDER
Authors: Hira Riaz  , Nadia M Athar  , Asif ullah Khan  , Salva Zaki  , Hina Rehman  , Amira Qadeer
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To determine mean vertical length of labial surface display of wax rim with resting lip and during posed smile.

Materials and Methods:

Subjects fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were invited to take part in the study. The purpose, procedures, risk and benefits of the study were explained to them. The mentioned measurement for the vertical display of the labial surface of the occlusal rim was performed by predefined technique. All measurements were repeated 3 times and mean value deduced for entry in the data collection proforma. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17.

Results:

Out of total 221 participants, mean age was 60± 6.64 yers. with male to female ratio of 1:1.15. Females shows shorter lip lengths while males had long lip lengths. Subjects with shorter upper lips display more maxillary rim than subjects with longer upper lips both at smile and at rest.

Conclusion:

It was found that males shows high proportion of long and medium upper lip while female shows high proportion of short upper lip , this can be considered as a feminine feature, as well as this also explains why conspicuous maxillary central incisors are associated with the females. It was founded a high significant differences between males and females regarding upper lip length.
HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SALICYLIDENE SALICYL HYDRAZIDE ON LIVER IN SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS
Authors: Waqar Ahmad  , Falak Naz  , Bareerah Khan  , Asif Kamal  , Shazia Iftikhar  , Zainab Rahman
Published: July 2023

Objective:
This study was aim to identify histomorphological changes in the liver of Sprague dawley rats after exposure to Saliyclidene salicylhydrazide and dose dependent histomorphological changes in the liver.
Materials and Methods:
This study was started from Mar 2019, to June 2019. In this study, acute toxicity of seven days, the sixteen Sprague dawley female rats were selected. They were divided into four groups. Two test groups (A & B). Group A was given 25mg/kg SCS, while in group B 50mg/kg of SCS was given. Positive control group (C) was given paracetamol 300mg/kg. Group D was a negative control group. Each group had four animals. After seven days of exposure to SCS through oral route all the animals were euthanized. Their livers were harvested and processed for preparation of histological slides. These slides were then analyzed by microscopy and histomorphological changes were recorded and analyzed according to Roenigk classification system.
Results:
Necroinflammatory changes were observed in Group A, B and C compared to Group D(-control). However, difference between Group A and B was not significant. Nuclear pleomorphism was observed in hepatocytes of Group A, B and C compared to group D(control). Pleomorphic changes in the intervention group A & B were same. Steatosis was observed in group A, B and C compared to Group D. Steatosis in group A and B were same while in group C it was relatively more significant. The overall grading according to ROENIGK classification system showed significantly higher toxicity in group B, compared to other intervention groups (A, B, C) and control group D.
Conclusion:
Significant effects of SCS were observed in liver of Sprague dawley rats, however, the toxic effects were less severe. Liver Parenchyma and architecture were preserved.
FREQUENCY OF ORAL DISEASES AMONG DENTAL PATIENTS IN DENTAL SECTION SPH QUETTA
Authors: Abdul Samad Gichki  , Khalil Ahmed  , Fahim Anwar  , Rozina Sattar  , Noman-ul -Haq  , Muhammad Saood
Published: July 2023

Objective:

The objective of current study was to evaluate the frequency of Oral diseases among Dental Patients in the department of Oral Medicine Dental Section Sandeman Provincial Hospital Quetta, Pakistan.

Materials and Methods:

Study design was retrospective and data was collected from January 2015 to April 2016. A total of 3406 patients record were included in tis study.

Results:

51.3% reported patients were male and 48.7% were female. The age of the patients were ranged between 17-21 (n=1159, 34.9%) years, and second majority cases were having age ranged from 27 –36 (n=879, 25.8%) and third majority cases were having age ranged from 37-46 (n=717, 21.1%) years. Gingivitis 89% was noted more prevalent disease in this study followed by fluorosis 4.8% periodontitis 0.7% apthous ulcers 0.6% and others like tobacco staining, carious teeth, BDRs and pulpitis 4.8%. Majority of cases reported in month of March and April 2015, 7.6% and 9.2% respectively.

Conclusion:

The present study found Gingivitis, Fluorosis and Periodontitis are still the major Oral disease. The main reason behind this very high prevalence is lack of awareness in people regarding Oral health and lack of good Oral health facilities in Quetta Pakistan. Educating the people about preventive measures can reduce these diseases.
FREQUENCY OF TRISMUS AND DIPLOPIA IN PATIENTS WITH ZYGOMATIC COMPLEX FRACTURES
Authors: Anam Javed  , Muhammad Jamal  , Alaf Khan  , Tahir Ullah Khan  , Hanif Ullah  , Hassan Sardar  , Fahim Ullah
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To determine the frequency of trismus and diplopia in patients with zygomatic complex fractures.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 82 patients using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Patients with ZMC fractures of age above 15 years of both genders were included. Patients with TMJ pathologies, history of previous surgery and having orbital pathologies were excluded. Trismus and diplopia were assessed clinically. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 26. P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

Out of total 82 participants, mean age of the patients was 32.06±12.092 years. According to distribution of fracture sites, 36(43.9%) patients had Frontozygomatic (FZ) suture fracture, 45(54.9%) patients had zygomaticomaxillary suture fracture, 48(58.5%) patients had infraorbital rim fracture and 42(51.2%) patients had Zygomatic arch fracture. Trismus was present in 42(51.2%) patients and diplopia in 13(15.59%) patients. Association of trismus with various processes of ZMC, such as frontozyomatic process (p=0.275), zygomaticomaxillary process (p=0.825), infraorbital rim (p=0.122) was not statistically significant but on the other hand it was assocaited with zygomatic arch fracture (p=0.001). Association of diplopia with sight of fracture was not statistically significant except in infraorbital rim fracture (p=0.000) which was statistically highly significant.

Conclusion:

Frequency of trismus was high (51.2%), and that of diplopia was 15.9% in known cases of zygomatic complex fractures.
EFFECT OF CO-ADMINISTERED PREDNISOLONE AND DICLOFENAC POTASSIUM IN REDUCING POSTOPERATIVE TRISMUS AFTER IMPACTED LOWER THIRD MOLAR SURGERY.
Authors: Zahid Qayyum  , Zafar Ali khan  , Fahimuddin  , Prof Muhammad Saeed  , Muhammad Ishfaq  , Khadim Shah
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To determine the effect of adding a combination of oral Diclofenac Potassium with an intramuscular dose of Prednisolone preoperatively to minimize postoperative trismus after the surgical removal of the lower third molar tooth.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 160 patients undergoing surgical removal of their impacted lower third molar tooth were randomized into 2experimental groups; Group A (50mg Diclofenac Potassium oral and 40mg Prednisolone administered intramuscularly one hour before surgery) and Group B (40mg of intramuscular Prednisolone administered one hour before surgery). In this randomized control trial,both groups were prescribed the combination of Paracetamol and codeine as analgesics postoperatively for 48 hours. The maximum inter incisal distance was measured immediately before and 48 hours after surgery.

Results:

Mean preoperative maximum inter incisial opening in Group A and Group B were 48.28±5.12 and 47.51±5.18 respectively. On postoperative second day the Mean maximum inter incisial opening in Group A was 34.49±3.73mm when compared to 27.71±5.48 in Group B. The mean postoperative trismus in Group A and Group B were 13.79±6.39mm and 19.95±7.07mm respectively. The mean difference in post operative trismus was 6.160mm which was statistically significant at a 99% confidence interval (p<0.01).

Conclusion:

Preemptive medication with a combination of Prednisolone-Diclofenac Potassium was more effective in reducing postoperative trismus compared to Prednisolone alone.
COMPARISON OF RADIOGRAPHIC PATTERN OF ODONTOGENIC PATHOLOGIES OF CHILDREN AND ADULT PATIENTS: A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF HOSPITAL RECORD
Authors: Tariq Ahmad  , Saima Manzoor  , Maaz Khan  , Basheer Rehman  , Atta Ur Rehman  , Muslim Khan
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To compare radiographic pattern of odontogenic Pathologies of patients up to 18 years and above 18 years.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective comparative study was conducted in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery Khyber College of dentistry Peshawar. All patients below 18years of age, operated in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery for benign odontogenic pathologies Ameloblastoma, Radicular cyst, Dentigerous cyst and keratocyst) from Janurary 2016 to December 2019 were included in the study.

Results:

Total 70 patients included in the study. Male female ratio was 1:1.05. Most common pathology in young age group was dentigerous cyst (71.4%) while in adult it was Ameloblastoma (51%). Cross tabulation of age group with nature of pathology, appearance on OPG, Cortical demarcation, root resoption and site of pathology was done. Unilocular apperance was showed by 60% of redicular cyst 88% dentigerous cyst and 50% Keratocyst in young patients 51% cases in children and 40% cases in adults showed not tooth relation. P value was non-significant for this relation.

Conclusion:

Young and old age patients differ in nature of odontogenic pathologies and some of its characteristics. It is therefore recommended to conduct similar study with large sample size so that a clear relation of all variable can be established.
COMMONEST CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS IN THYROID DISORDERS
Authors: Kalsoom Aslam  , Abdur-Rahim Khan  , Naseem Ullah  , Shahida Naz  , Sarah Riaz Khan  , Rabeeka
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To determine the frequency of cutaneous manifestations in patients of thyroid disorders.

Materials and Methods: 

A total of 140 diagnosed thyroid patients were included. Demographic characteristics like age, sex, address and phone numbers of all patients were recorded. Complete history was taken and general physicalexamination was performed.All information was recorded on a predesigned proforma.

Results:

Out of 140 patient’s majority were 31 to 60 yrs old. Seventy percent of the patients were male. Two third of the patients were having thyroid disease for more than two years. Majority of the patients (39%) had hyperhydrosis, followed by pruritus (29%), Xerosis (20%) and brittle hair (13%).

Conclusion:

Most frequent presentations were hyperhydrosis, pruritus and xerosis while brittle hair was present only in few patients.
TREATMENT OF LARGE IMPACTED UPPER URETERIC STONES WITH MINI-PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY (PCNL) BY ADAPTING MIDDLE CALYX APPROACH: A SINGLE CENTRE STUDY
Authors: Muhammad Izhar  , Riaz Ahmad Khan  , Muhammad Asad shamsher  , Irfan Ullah Khan  , Zahid Ullah khan  , Qaiser  Iqbal  , Israr ul Haq  , Bakhtawar Gul  , Aslam Khan
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To evaluate the role of mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy through the middle calyx approach for the treatment of impacted upper ureteric calculi.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between 1st August 2019 and 31st July, 2020 in which 50 patients underwent mini-PCNL through middle calyx approach using 18-Fr access sheath for impacted upper ureteric stones. Patients of either gender with impacted upper ureteric stones ≥ 15 mm were included in the study. Patients with abnormal coagulopathy state, active urinary tract infection, pregnant ladies, and abnormal upper urinary tract anatomy were excluded from the study. Post-operatively patients were evaluated radiologically. After 2 months IVU of the patients was done followed by a renal scan.

Results:

Ninety-six percent(48) of patients have complete clearance through a single tract. However, the stone fragments remained in the pelvicalyceal system were the residual stones floated back into the system during the whorl pool mechanism. The mean age of the patient was 34.9±12.6 years. One patient had ureteral perforation. Supra twelfth puncture was done in forty-two while in 8 patients puncture below twelfth rib was carried out. Pneumothorax occurred in one patient due to a very highly located kidney. Two patients went into sepsis. No mortality was noted. The stone-clearance rate was established as 96%.

Conclusion:

The impacted upper ureteric calculi (≥ 15mm) can be managed with minimally invasive techniques such as mini-PCNL by adapting the middle calyx approach using an 18-Fr access sheath. Moreover, this approach is effective with a greater stone-free rate.
ORAL CANCER RESEARCH --- ALL ABOUT KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE AMONG INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS AT UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: Qurat-Ul-Ain  , Ahmad Usman Yusuf  , Sajjad Ahmad  , Zafran Faraz
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To evaluate knowledge attitude and awareness level of oral cancer disease among international students of University of Bedfordshire.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 overseas students having age group of 16-45 years from Bedfordshire University which have 5 ethnic group; Asian, African, White British, Black British, British Pakistani. Sample size of 100 participants with 95% confidence level and confidence interval of 9.05 was calculated. Data collection was through survey method and tool was used self administered questionnaire. To analyse collected data, Microsoft excel software was used, content analyses were performed. Frequency and percentages were calculated and presented in graphs and table form.

Results:

Awareness level of participants were high about cigarette smoking - 70% and information regarding poor oral hygiene - 60% as a risk factor of oral cancers. Meanwhile low awareness level regarding risk factors like alcohol consumption - 66% and smokeless tobacco - 65% has been founded. Subsequently students who had more awareness about sign & symptom of oral cancer were found which were ulcer/wound that fails to heal - 63%, bleeding - 56%, swelling- 63%. Low level of awareness was reported about sign symptom of disease like, difficulty with swallowing/chewing - 66% and information in regards to teeth loosening only 67% wee found among participant.

Conclusion:

Knowledge, attitude and practice of oral cancers among university students concluded not to be satisfactory. Therefore, strong awareness campaign of oral cancers to be implemented.
LIFESPAN OF NITI ROTARY FILES WITH 360°ROTATION AND RECIPROCATING MOTION
Authors: Muhammad Moazzam  , Ali Farooq  , Dilawar Sultan  , Rabia Ejaz  , Mubashir Rasheed  , Zuhair Arif  , Asma Siddiqi
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To assess the life of two different rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments in curved canals with complete protocol, by using 360°rotation motion and reciprocating motion.

Materials and Methods:

About one hundred and seventy extracted maxillary and mandibular molars were taken from which two hundred curved root canals were selected and randomly divided in 2 groups, for analyzing the number of uses of rotary files. One hundred curved canals were prepared with Hyflex EDM 25/~ (coltene) in 360°continuous motion and one hundred canals were prepared with Reciproc R25 (VDW) in reciprocating motion to full working length. One file was used to prepare root canals until fractured. Every file used was coated with 17% EDTA and copious irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl was done. t-test was used to analyze data.

Results:

A total of 7 Hyflex EDM 25/~ and 10 Reciproc R25 files were used to prepare 200 curved root canals, 100 with each file. The average life of one Hyflex EDM 25/~ file was 13±1.50 canals and of Reciproc R25 was 9±1.59 canals. Among Hyflex EDM one file prepared maximum number of 15 canals and among Reciproc maximum canals prepared by one file were 13. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Hyflex EDM25/~ and Reciproc R25 can safely prepare 13 and 9 canals respectively to full working length if complete protocol is followed.
ASSESSMENT OF ORAL HEALTH AMONG CHILDREN (10-15 YEARS) IN GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS OF KHESHGI PAYAN
Authors: Rubeena Gul  , Saima Aleem  , Salman Gohar  , Anum Ashfaq  , Madiha Riasat  , Ruhina Ali
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To assess the oral health status of 10-15-year-old children enrolled in government schools.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 11 months from March 2020 till Feb 2021 among children aged 10-15 years going to government schools in Kheshgi Payan District Nowshera KPK. Multi stage sampling technique was incorporated. Children of age 10 -15 years were included and those above or below this age group were excluded from study. Pre-Validated WHO oral health assessment tool was used for this study. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 24.

Results:

Data from 200 students 100 each from girls’ and boys’ schools was collected. Majority of students 21% (n=42) were of 12 years of age. The mean age was 12.58 ±1.64. A total of 59% children had sound dentition. Caries was present in (n=44) male and (n=29) female children. There was a significant association between the gender and the dentition of the children (p 0.005). Gingivitis and periodontitis were prevalent in 20% of the study participants.

Conclusion:

This study concludes significant association between gender and dentition of the children. Over all the oral hygiene of the children was found to be satisfactory.
INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE DEFICIT AFTER REMOVAL OF LOWER THIRD MOLARS-FREQUENCY AND FACTORS AFFECTING NERVE DAMAGE IN PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL STUDY OF 1487 EXTRACTIONS IN 1185 PATIENTS
Authors: Muhammad Israr  , Nigam Sattar  , Muhammad Irfan  , Muslim Khan  , Sadiq Rehman
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To determine the Frequency of inferior alveolar nerve injury and to assess the relationship of the nerve deficit with contributory risk factors like causes of removal, patient’s age, and anesthetic modality.

Materials and Methods:

All the procedures were carried out in Maroof International Hospital from January 2016 to August 2020. About 1185 consecutive patients were included in the study who were treated over a period of 5 years. A total of 1487 surgical extractions were performed. Surgery was done either under local anesthesia (72.1%) or IV sedation with local anesthesia (27.9%). All the procedures were performed by the same single senior consultant with the same two nurses. Follow up was done at one, three, and six weeks and six months.

Results:

Eight cases (0.53%) had temporary inferior alveolar nerve deficit which settled within six weeks. No permanent neurological damage was observed. Cases with pericoronitis were significantly associated with postoperative temporary nerve damage (p<0.001). Age, gender, and anesthetic modality were not significantly related to nerve injury.

Conclusion:

Patients with preoperative pathology like pericoronitis have more chances of temporary nerve injury after removal. Preoperative counseling about possible nerve damage shall be done.
AWARENESS OF DENTAL CARIES AND DENTAL HEALTH STATUS AMONG PATIENTS VISTING A LOCAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Eisha Imran  , Quratulain Khan  , Mariam Khan  , Farah Mushtaq  , Iffat Raza Niazi  , Nabiya Shahroz
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To assess the awareness of dental caries and its association with dental health status among adult patients.

Materials and Methods:

A cross sectional study was conducted on 164 patients reporting to the diagnostic department of Rawal Dental Hospital, Islamabad from December 2018 to June 2019. Dental caries was scored as per WHO criteria.

Results:

The sample was equally divided for male and female. The age group of the participants ranged from 18 to 78 years, with the mean age being 38.05. Among 164 patients, 116 patients had lower jaw affected in combination with upper jaw while 103 patients among 164 patients had upper jaw affected together with the lower jaw.

Conclusion:

There was a high rate of dental caries among the younger age, secondary education and in miscellaneous group, which comprised; housewives, retired elderly and unemployed. This showed that there was lack of knowledge regarding oral health practices and maintenance. Early identification of dental caries with effective oral health promotion programs providing practical knowledge prevents the problem of caries.
FREQUENCY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF PULP STONES AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTING TO AYUB DENTAL TEACHING HOSPITAL ABBOTTABAD
Authors: Asim Qureshi  , Muhammad Zain  , Hussam  , Ifham Khan Jadoon  , Rizwan Qureshi  , Naveed  Aslam
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To determine the frequency of pulp stones with the aid of radiographs in the selected population.

Materials and Methods:A retrospective study on dental radiographs i.e. orthopantomogram (OPG) from patients who had been advised OPG from January 2018 to December 2019 was conducted by two consultants at Ayub Dental Section. Out of the total 600 radiographs available, only 145 fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. Descriptive statistics were given for the patient’s age, gender, and tooth with pulp stones. Whiles associations were determined by chi-square test for gender and tooth type with pulp stones present. Where a significant value was considered p value ≤0.05.

Results:

Out of the total 145 cases selected, only 30.34% cases were identified as having pulp stones of which 43.18% were male and 56.81% were females. Pulp stones were significantly higher in the maxillary arch (36.36%) than the mandible (22.72%) and first molar than other molars. The most frequent individual tooth that presented with pulp stone was the maxillary first molar.

Conclusion:

Pulp stones were higher in the maxillary arch than the mandibular arch and in females than males. Cardiovascular patients had a higher number of pulp stones than other groups.
DERMATOGLYPHICS AND BLOOD GROUP IN MEDICAL STUDENTS OF KHYBER MEDICAL COLLEGE AND KHYBER COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY, PESHAWAR.
Authors: Muhammad Junaid  , Asif Kamal  , Jamshed Khan  , Amna Haleem  , Falak Naz  , Shehla Khatoon
Published: July 2023

Objectives:

To find an association between finger print pattern and blood group.

Materials and Methods:

Study was conducted on 400 healthy medical and dental students of Khyber Medical College and Khyber College of dentistry, Peshawar. The finger prints was categorized into arches, loops and whorls pattern. The statistical analysis was done by using frequency distribution and chi square test. A P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. SPSS version 22 was used for analysis.

Results:

Results of this study showed that loops had the highest percentage as 53.47% in the RH+ blood type and 5.07% in the RH- blood type. This was followed by the whorl fingerprint pattern as 29.57% in the RH+ blood type and 3.07% in the RH- blood type. The lowest percentage was found for the arch fingerprint pattern as 8.2% and 0.06% for RH+ and RH- blood types, respectively.

Conclusion:

On basis of the findings in this study, there is an association of fingerprint patterns of all the digits of both hands with the ABO blood group types and this information can be of great help in forensic department and crime investigations.
EFFECT OF DEXAMETHASONE DOSAGE ON TRISMUS AFTER SURGICAL REMOVAL OF MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR IMPACTION- A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Taran Kumar  , Ajmal Khan  , Suhail Shahzad
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To compare incidence of trismus postoperatively in patients receiving preoperative 4mg versus 8mg intravenous dexamethasone after the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars.

Materials and Methods:

Forty participants were randomly divided into two groups by lottery method. Group A received 4mg dexamethasone and group B received 8mg intravenously one hour before the procedure. Both genders with age range of 18-40 years, having mouth opening more than 35 mm and impacted mandibular third molars were included in the study. Cases having contra-indications to the use of steroids like diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, and tuberculosis were excluded. Mouth opening was measured in millimetres preoperatively and post-operatively after 2 days. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Independent t test and Chi-square test were used to compare mouth opening and trismus between the two groups respectively.

Results:

The mean age was 29.62±6.704 years. The males were 21(52.5%) and females were 19(47.5%). The mean post-operative mouth opening at day 2 was more in 8mg (35.95±2.704) than 4mg dexamethasone group(31.30±5.292) and results were statistically significant (P=.001). Similarly the comparison of trismus in 4mg versus 8 mg dexamethasone shows that trismus was less in 8mg (25%) than 4mg dexamethasone group (60%) and results were statistically significant (P=0.025).

Conclusion:

The administration of 8 mg dexamethasone was more effective than 4mg to reduce the degree of trismus.
INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH REVIEW BOARD - SCHOOL SOMEONE IN SOMETHING
Authors: Basheer Rehman
Published: July 2023

The Research Review Board (RRB) is an appropriately constituted unit of Research & Development Cell of an institution and is formally designated to review, monitor and regulate research in the institution. The RRB has the authority to approve, modify or disapprove research. This group serves an important role in promotion of original research, prevention against plagiarism and improving the quality of research culture. It also ensures that appropriate steps are taken during the research process and the research protocols are being followed. Another purpose of RRB is to assure, both in advance and by periodic review, that appropriate steps are taken to protect the rights and welfare of humans participating as subjects in the research. It also keeps abreast of ethical issues related to research with human participants, educates faculty and students and formulates policies on these issues. The board has the power to review, approve, reject or modify any proposed or ongoing research involving human participants conducted in an institution.
PATTERN OF COVID-19 ASSOCIATED MAXILLARY MUCORMYCOTIC OSTEOMYELITIS
Authors: Ahmad Khan  , Atta Ur Rehman  , Sertaj Khan  , Muhammad Sohail  , Muhammad Tariq Khan  , Syed Ayaz Ali  , Syed Asad Shah  , Muhammad Hussain
Published: July 2023

Objective:To evaluate the occurrence of mucormycotic osteomyelitis in our area regarding age, gender, side of involvement of maxilla and any associated systemic diseases and treatment modality adopted in our centre.

Materials and Methods:Data of 21 patients presented with the features of mucormycotic osteomyelitis at Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Bacha Khan Medical College Mardan from June 2020 to May 2021 was recorded. Non probability, convenience sampling technique was used. History, clinical, radiographic and hsitopathologcal examination was performed for diagnosis. Treatment included antibiotic, antifungal and serial debridement. Defects were closed by local flaps and by prosthetic obturator. Data regarding the age, gender, side of involvement of maxilla and any associated systemic diseases and treatment modality were evaluated and analyzed by Spss Version 22.

Results:

The mean age was 58.90 ± 21.5 years, with an age range of 35-78 years. Age group 61-70 years were most commonly affected (38.1%).The ratio of male and female was 2.5:1. Left maxilla (62.1%) was commonly affected in both male and female. Diabetes as associated disease (52%) dominated followed by diabetes and hypertension (33.3%). One case (4.9%) has no associated disease. All cases were treated by antibiotic and antifungal therapy and serial debridement. Defects were closed in 14 cases (66.6%) by local flaps and 7 cases (33.4%) by prosthetic obturators

Conclusion:

COVID-19 is associated with significant incidence of secondary opportunistic infections due to immune dysregulation. The treatment of COVID-19 itself pre-disposes the patients to development of fungal diseases.
KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF DENTAL IMPLANTS AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTING AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, ISLAMABAD
Authors: Anum Zulfiqar  , Sunia Gul  , Hira Riaz  , Naseer Ahmad  , Syeda Ayesha Absar Hussain  , Syed Adil Tanvir
Published: July 2023

Objective:To assess the knowledge and awareness of dental implants among a selected number of patients.
Materials and Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Prosthodontics department at Islamic International Dental Hospital Islamabad, on outdoor basis from May 2020 to Oct 2020.A printed performa in the language Urdu, was handed over to the participants visiting the above-mentioned hospital outdoor, and the results were recorded and interpreted in the SPSS version 22 for Mac IOS.
Results:
We divided our participants in three age groups; 25-50 years old (60.3%), 51-75 years old (36.3%), and 76-100 years old (3.3%). Out of 300, 63.7% participants knew about dental implants while 36.3% did not know about them. The reasons why patients preferred this option were: 8% participants said due to better retention, 3.6% said due to better aesthetics, 34% said they are as good as their natural teeth. On the other hand, the reason for not choosing dental implants was: 8% said they are expensive, 7.3% said they had feared from dental surgery, 5.3% were unsure about the final results, and 0.6% of the participants had medical conditions. Pearson chi-square test was applied in cross-tabulations and p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Conclusion:
Results show that participants who were aware of dental implants as a treatment option are relatively significant as compared to those who have no knowledge or awareness regarding them. Maximum information was gained through dentists and the most common reason for opting for dental implants was the consideration that they are as good as their own natural teeth, while the most common barrier for not choosing this option was the high cost of the implant itself.
FREQUENCY OF TRAUMATIC ULCERATION IN TISSUES UNDERNEATH NEW CONVENTIONAL COMPLETE DENTURES
Authors: Ehtesham Khan  , Asifullah Khan  , Akbar Khalil  , Amir Syed  , Asif Ullah Qureshi  , Shafi Ullah Khan
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To determine the frequency of traumatic ulceration in denture supporting tissues following the provision of new complete dentures.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed at the Prosthodontics Department of Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar over a period of 18 months. With the method of history and clinical examination and using a structured data collection sheet presence of traumatic ulcers in tissues underneath conventional complete dentures was recorded in 184 patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria and who had not been previously wearing CD in both jaws. Patients were examined 3 to 4 days following the placement of their complete dentures, on their first recall appointment, for the presence of traumatic ulceration.

Results:

Patients (N=184) had mean age of 55.85±2.22 (SD) years with male to female ratio of 1:1.9. Patients returning with one or more traumatic ulcers 3 to 4 days following the placement of their complete dentures were 141 (76.6%) while 43 (23.4%) patients developed no ulcers. Ulcers were more commonly found in older age groups and in females.

Conclusion:

Traumatic ulcers were reported in majority of the patients who received conventional complete dentures. Thus the role of a prosthodontist does not end with the placement of the prosthesis. Regular follow up visits and adjustments need to be carried out following placement of complete dentures to ensure patient comfort and acceptance of the prosthesis.
FREQUENCY OF MALOCCLUSION IN GOVERNMENT HIGH SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN AGED 13-17 IN PESHAWAR
Authors: Khan Arif ullah , Asif Rehman  , Aamir Hameed  , Shadab Adil  , Muhammad Salman Khan  , Ayesha Malik
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To determine the frequency of malocclusion in Govt. high school children of District Peshawar.

Materials and Methods:

About eight hundred and fifty school children of both genders were randomly selected through random cluster sampling, from Government High Schools of District Peshawar. The study participants were examined in their school staff rooms using wooden spatulas, disposable gloves, millimeter ruler, and torchlight. Angle’s classification was used for recording various traits of malocclusion besides overbite, overjet, maxillary midline diastema, crowding, open bite, and crossbite. A special proforma was used for recording the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20 while Chi-square test was applied for association.

Results:

A total of 850 subjects were included in the study, of which there were 600 (70%) males, and 250 (30%) were females. The mean age of the participants was 15 + 1.37 years. The overall frequency of malocclusion was 73.1%. Angle’s class I malocclusion had the highest frequency of 372 (43.8%) followed by normal occlusion 229 (26.9%), class II division 1 as 88(10.4%), class II division 2 as 59(6.9%), class III as 64(7.5%). Angle’s Class I malocclusion (43.8%) and crowding (37.9%) was more frequently found followed by normal occlusion (26.9%) among the school going children of the Peshawar, Pakistan.

Conclusion:

Angle’s Class I malocclusion and crowding were more frequently found, followed by normal occlusion among the school going children of the Peshawar, Pakistan.
COMPARISON OF EFFECTIVENESS OF GC TOOTH MOUSSE WITH FLUORIDE VARNISH FOR TREATMENT OF DENTINAL HYPERSENSITIVITY
Authors: Bushra Irum  , Anser Maxood  , Javeria Ali Khan  , Rooshanay Haroon  , Gul Panrah Arbab  , Khalid Rehman
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To compare the efficacy of two desensitizing agents in relieving dentinal hypersensitivity.

Materials and Methods:

A Randomized clinical trial including 84 patients of age range between 18 – 65 years was carried out and patients having hypersensitive lesions were divided into two groups by the flip of coin. Tooth mousse TM was applied to patients in Group A and Dura shield TM to patients in group B. visual analog scale was used to assess patient’s pain response to compressed air and tactile stimuli and recorded at baseline, one week and 30 days after application of agents. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17. The study was done at Department of Operative Dentistry, PIMS Islamabad from January 2011 to January 2012.

Results:

There was a statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups at seven days (p-value 0.008 )with tactile stimulus and at thirty days (p-value 0.046) with air blast stimulus and (p value= 0.016) with tactile stimulus after application with tooth mousse showing pain relief in more number of patients as compared to fluoride varnish group.

Conclusion:

The comparison of two agents in this study showed that Tooth mousse TM showed better results in relieving dentinal hypersensitivity than Dura shield TM.
PREDICTIVE HEIGHT FROM ULNA LENGTH OF THE MEDICAL STUDENTS OF GAJJU KHAN MEDICAL COLLEGE USING MUST EQUATIONS
Authors: Motasim Billah  , Muhammad Junaid  , Rubina Gul  , Arooj Amjad  , Nayab Motasim  , Hira Motasim
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To assess the height of the medical students of Gajju khan medical college using MUST equations for predicting height from the length of the ulna.

Materials and Methods:

Cross sectional descriptive survey was piloted in Gajju Khan Medical College Swabi from March 2019 to May 2019. Informed verbal consent was taken. Students present on the day of the interview included. Height of students and length of the ulna was measured and using MUST equation predicted height was calculated. Data were analyzed with an online Google form.

Results:

Out of total two hundred and sixteen students (216) participated in the study, of which 128 (59.25%) were female and 88 (40.74%) were male respondents. A strong association was found between actual height and ulna length in male medical students while a moderate positive relationship was found in females. There was a difference of 8.2 and -1.3 in predictive and actual height by using MUST equation.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that there is a strong association of ulna length and actual height in males and a moderate association in female students.
WORK RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL NECK PAIN: A NEGLECTED OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE AMONG DENTISTS IN PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
Authors: Nayab Ali Khan  , Aziza Alam  , Ismail Alam Khan  , Omar Rehim Khan  , Salahuddin Zeb Khan  , Aimeen Zeb Khan
Published: July 2023

Objective:To determine the frequency and risk factors of work-related neck pain among dentists working in Public sector Hospitals in Peshawar, Pakistan.Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Khyber College of Density, Lady Reading Hospital and Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan from 23rd September 2018 to23rd February 2019. A total of 150 dentists who were working in public sector hospitals and were willing to participate were included in the study by convenience sampling. The Standardized Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ) was used for data collection. Data was analyzed with SPSS, version 23.Results:The total number of participants in our study were 150. Males were 105(70%) and females were 45(30%).The mean age was 31.4200± 6.1 years. Majority(72.7%,n=109) of dentists were reported to have work related musculoskeletal pain while 41(27.3%) dentists had no such complaints. The commonly affected dentists were trainee medical officers(61.3%,n=92).The frequency of neck pain was more common among dentists who examined more than 15 patients per day(49.3%,74%) and worked 6 days per week(64%,n=96).Dentists performing root canal treatment(70.7%,n=106) were more prone to have neck pain than others.Conclusion:The frequency of musculoskeletal neck pain among the dentists was high. The risk factors were prolong working hours, examining more patients and prolong dental procedures.
BULLYING IN ORTHODONTIC PATIENTS AND ITS ASSOCIATION TO MALOCCLUSION, MENTAL AND ORAL HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: Siddiq Yousufi  , Ahsan M Shah  , Yasir Israr  , Muhammad Saud  , Raiq Shah  , Fawad Ali Shah
Published: July 2023

Objective:To evaluate the frequency of bullying related to malocclusion and how the patient quality of life is affected by it before and after orthodontic treatment.Materials and Methods:This was a cross-sectional study in which participants were assessed regarding their quality of life, impact of bullying, and impact of orthodontic treatment on it through a modified version of Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire.Results:More than 57% of the population experienced bullying in some form, of which most belonged to the age group 11-20 yrs. Patients with Class III malocclusions suffered the most amount of bullying, while there was a significant association between IOTN and incidence of bullying. Majority of the participants had no confidence speaking or smiling, and had a poor quality of life, which they claimed did not improve after orthodontic treatment.Conclusion:Bullying related to malocclusions might lead to long term mental distress, and impact a poor quality of life on patients with a poor self-image. There needs to be an adjunctive mental health therapy program to orthodontic treatment to deliver more positive outcome.
COMPARISON BETWEEN EFFICACY OF MIXTURE OF 2% CHLORHEXIDIENE AND CALCIUM HYDROXIDE VS PLACEBO
Authors: Sumyya Saleh  , Huma Zahir  , Samina Zahir  , Nawaal Ajaz  , Faiqa Ashraf
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To compare the effect of mixture of 2% chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide vs placebo on mean postoperative pain after endodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods:

Two groups(30 patients ineach group) were made to conduct this study. 2% Chlorhexidine in combination with calcium hydroxide was given to group a and placebo was administered to group b as intracanal medicament.

Results:

There were 18 males in group-a and 15 males (50%) in group-b. In group-a, females were 12 (40%) and in group-b females were 15 (50%). Difference in mean postoperative score of group-a vs group-b (1.57±1.07 Vs 7.17±1.17) With p value <0.001 Was significant. Age and gender stratification was also done.

Conclusion:

2% chlorhexidine in combination with calcium hydroxide has significantly reduced postoperative endodontic pain (p<0.001) When used as intracanal medicament.
XEROSTOMIA AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE REMOVABLE DENTURES PROPERTIES AND ORAL FUNCTIONS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Afsheen Akhtar  , Asifullah Khan  , Amira Qadeer  , Sohrab Khan
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To determine the frequency of xerostomia in elderly patients and its effects on removable dentures retention, stability, support and its effects on the functions of removable dentures at the Department of Prosthodontics, Khyber College of Dentistry.

Materials and Methods:

This Cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Prosthodontics, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar from 1st January to 31st December 2018. A total of 207 subjects were recruited who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Xerostomia and satisfaction with oral functions with removable dentures were evaluated by using shortened xerostomia inventory questionnaire. Patients satisfaction with oral functions of dentures was assessed by questionnaire and its retention, support and stability were checked clinically. The data was analysed using SPSS 2017.

Results:

In this study the frequency of xerostomia was 18.34%.The frequency of xerostomia in females and males was 25.5% and 12.38% respectively. Subjects with age above 60 years were more prone to dry mouth i.e.; 39.13%. The most frequent complaint in the patients with removable dentures was soreness (18%) and movement of dentures with function (17%). There was a significant association (p=0.000) of xerostomia (18.34%) with dissatisfaction of speech (61%), mastication (87%), soreness (68.2%) and inadequate retention stability and support of removable dentures (89.47%).

Conclusion:

This study concluded that xerostomia was more frequent in females than males, It was found that it is more frequent in the age group above 60 years. The patients with xerostomia were found to be more dissatisfied with the functions of the removable dentures like speech, mastication, comfort and retention of the prosthesis.
SEVERITY OF LOWER ANTERIOR ARCH CROWDING AND ANGULATIONS OF IMPACTED THIRD MOLAR
Authors: Summiya Bashir  , Aneela Nausheen  , Umar Nasir  , Bibi Maryam
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To find out the association of lower anterior arch crowding with the angulations of impacted mandibular third molar.
Materials and Methods:
Data for this cross-sectional study was collected from the Panoramic radiographs and dental casts of the patients meeting the inclusion criteria. The mandibular impacted third molars were classified based on Winter’s classification and lower anterior arch crowding was classified using the little’s irregularity index. A statistical analysis was performed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Mean ± standard deviation was used for numerical data. Chi square test was used to observe any association between the variables.
Results:
A significant association was found between severity of lower anterior crowding and angulation of mandibular third molar impaction (p value 0.01). Out of total 83 cases, 40 (48.2%) were vertical impactions in which mild crowding of incisors was more prevalent (56.0%), also in 28 (33.7%) cases which were of mesioangular impaction type, also showed increased prevalence of mild crowding (40%).
Conclusion:There was a significant association of mandibular incisor crowding with angulations of impacted third molars.