bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel role for the actin-binding protein drebrin in regulating opiate addiction
Authors: Martin Jennifer A. , Werner Craig T. , Mitra Swarup , Zhong Ping , Wang Zi-Jun , Gobira Pedro H. , Stewart Andrew. F. , Zhang Jay , Erias Kyra , Siemian Justin N. , Hagarty Devin , Mueller Lauren E. , Neve Rachael L. , Li Jun-Xu , Chandra Ramesh , Dietz Karen C. , Lobo Mary Kay , Gancarz Amy M. , Yan Zhen , Dietz David M.
Published: September 2019

Persistent transcriptional and morphological events in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and other brain reward regions contribute to the long-lasting behavioral adaptations that characterize drug addiction. Opiate exposure reduces the density of dendritic spines on medium spiny neurons of the NAc; however, the underlying transcriptional and cellular events mediating this remain unknown. We show that heroin self-administration negatively regulates the actin-binding protein drebrin in the NAc. Using virus-mediated gene transfer, we show that drebrin overexpression in the NAc is sufficient to decrease drug seeking and increase dendritic spine density, whereas drebrin knockdown potentiates these effects. We demonstrate that drebrin is transcriptionally repressed by the histone modifier HDAC2, which is relieved by pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylases. Importantly, we demonstrate that heroin-induced adaptations occur only in the D1+ subset of medium spiny neurons. These findings establish an essential role for drebrin, and upstream transcriptional regulator HDAC2, in opiate-induced plasticity in the NAc.
Direct thermal charging cell for converting low-grade heat to electricity
Authors: Wang Xun , Huang Yu-Ting , Liu Chang , Mu Kaiyu , Li Ka Ho , Wang Sijia , Yang Yuan , Wang Lei , Su Chia-Hung , Feng Shien-Ping
Published: September 2019

Efficient low-grade heat recovery can help to reduce greenhouse gas emission as over 70% of primary energy input is wasted as heat, but current technologies to fulfill the heat-to-electricity conversion are still far from optimum. Here we report a direct thermal charging cell, using asymmetric electrodes of a graphene oxide/platinum nanoparticles cathode and a polyaniline anode in Fe2+/Fe3+redox electrolyte via isothermal heating operation. When heated, the cell generates voltage via a temperature-induced pseudocapacitive effect of graphene oxide and a thermogalvanic effect of Fe2+/Fe3+, and then discharges continuously by oxidizing polyaniline and reducing Fe3+under isothermal heating till Fe3+depletion. The cell can be self-regenerated when cooled down. Direct thermal charging cells attain a temperature coefficient of 5.0 mV K−1and heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 2.8% at 70 °C (21.4% of Carnot efficiency) and 3.52% at 90 °C (19.7% of Carnot efficiency), outperforming other thermoelectrochemical and thermoelectric systems.
Changes in the metabolic potential of the sponge microbiome under ocean acidification
Authors: Botté Emmanuelle S. , Nielsen Shaun , Abdul Wahab Muhammad Azmi , Webster John , Robbins Steven , Thomas Torsten , Webster Nicole S.
Published: September 2019

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are causing ocean acidification, which can affect the physiology of marine organisms. Here we assess the possible effects of ocean acidification on the metabolic potential of sponge symbionts, inferred by metagenomic analyses of the microbiomes of two sponge species sampled at a shallow volcanic CO2 seep and a nearby control reef. When comparing microbial functions between the seep and control sites, the microbiome of the sponge Stylissa flabelliformis (which is more abundant at the control site) exhibits at the seep reduced potential for uptake of exogenous carbohydrates and amino acids, and for degradation of host-derived creatine, creatinine and taurine. The microbiome of Coelocarteria singaporensis (which is more abundant at the seep) exhibits reduced potential for carbohydrate import at the seep, but greater capacity for archaeal carbon fixation via the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate pathway, as well as archaeal and bacterial urea production and ammonia assimilation from arginine and creatine catabolism. Together these metabolic features might contribute to enhanced tolerance of the sponge symbionts, and possibly their host, to ocean acidification.
Robust trap effect in transition metal dichalcogenides for advanced multifunctional devices
Authors: Yin Lei , He Peng , Cheng Ruiqing , Wang Feng , Wang Fengmei , Wang Zhenxing , Wen Yao , He Jun
Published: September 2019

Defects play a crucial role in determining electric transport properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. In particular, defect-induced deep traps have been demonstrated to possess the ability to capture carriers. However, due to their poor stability and controllability, most studies focus on eliminating this trap effect, and little consideration was devoted to the applications of their inherent capabilities on electronics. Here, we report the realization of robust trap effect, which can capture carriers and store them steadily, in two-dimensional MoS2xSe2(1-x)via synergistic effect of sulphur vacancies and isoelectronic selenium atoms. As a result, infrared detection with very high photoresponsivity (2.4 × 105 A W−1) and photoswitching ratio (~108), as well as nonvolatile infrared memory with high program/erase ratio (~108) and fast switching time, are achieved just based on an individual flake. This demonstration of defect engineering opens up an avenue for achieving high-performance infrared detector and memory.
Creating multiferroic and conductive domain walls in common ferroelastic compounds
Authors: Zhao Hong Jian , Íñiguez Jorge
Published: September 2019

Domain walls in ferroelectrics and ferroelastics often present peculiar functional properties, offering an intriguing route toward the design of nano-devices. Here we use first-principles simulations to illustrate an approach for engineering such walls, working with representative ferroelastic perovskites LaGaO3 and CaTiO3 (insulating, non-magnetic, non-polar). We show that a wide range of substitutional dopants can be used to create long-range-ordered structures confined within the walls of these compounds, yielding functional interfaces with tailor-made properties. We thus identify clear-cut strategies to produce metallic walls within an insulating matrix. Further, we find ways to create magnetic walls that also display ferroelectric order (proper or improper), thus providing an original route to obtain magnetoelectric multiferroics. Given the recent developments on the preparation of high-density domain structures in perovskite films, our results suggest a definite path toward new functional nano-materials.
Microbial characterization and fermentative characteristics of crop maize ensiled with unsalable vegetables
Authors: Hooker Kristian , Forwood Daniel L. , Caro Eleonora , Huo Yuxin , Holman Devin B. , Chaves Alex V. , Meale Sarah J.
Published: September 2019

Incorporation of carrot or pumpkin at 0, 20 or 40% dry matter (DM-basis) with crop maize, with or without a silage inoculant was evaluated after 70 days ensiling for microbial community diversity, nutrient composition, and aerobic stability. Inclusion of carrots or pumpkin had a strong effect on the silage bacterial community structure but not the fungal community. Bacterial microbial richness was also reduced (P = 0.01) by increasing vegetable proportion. Inverse Simpson’s diversity increased (P = 0.04) by 18.3% with carrot maize silage as opposed to pumpkin maize silage at 20 or 40% DM. After 70 d ensiling, silage bacterial microbiota was dominated by Lactobacillus spp. and the fungal microbiota by Candida tropicalis, Kazachstania humilis and Fusarium denticulatum. After 14 d aerobic exposure, fungal diversity was not influenced (P ≥ 0.13) by vegetable type or proportion of inclusion in the silage. Inoculation of vegetable silage lowered silage surface temperatures on day-7 (P = 0.03) and day-14 (P ≤ 0.01) of aerobic stability analysis. Our findings suggest that ensiling unsalable vegetables with crop maize can successfully replace forage at 20 or 40% DM to produce a high-quality livestock feed.
Assessment of temporal functional changes and miRNA profiling of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Dougherty Julie A. , Manring Heather R. , Elmadbouh Ibrahim , Mergaye Muhamad , Czirok Andras , Greta Isai Dona , Belevych Andriy E. , Yu Lianbo , Janssen Paul M. L. , Fadda Paolo , Gyorke Sandor , Ackermann Maegen A. , Angelos Mark G. , Khan Mahmood
Published: September 2019

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have been developed for cardiac cell transplantation studies more than a decade ago. In order to establish the hiPSC-CM-based platform as an autologous source for cardiac repair and drug toxicity, it is vital to understand the functionality of cardiomyocytes. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess functional physiology, ultrastructural morphology, gene expression, and microRNA (miRNA) profiling at Wk-1, Wk-2 & Wk-4 in hiPSC-CMs in vitro. Functional assessment of hiPSC-CMs was determined by multielectrode array (MEA), Ca2+ cycling and particle image velocimetry (PIV). Results demonstrated that Wk-4 cardiomyocytes showed enhanced synchronization and maturation as compared to Wk-1 & Wk-2. Furthermore, ultrastructural morphology of Wk-4 cardiomyocytes closely mimicked the non-failing (NF) adult human heart. Additionally, modulation of cardiac genes, cell cycle genes, and pluripotency markers were analyzed by real-time PCR and compared with NF human heart. Increasing expression of fatty acid oxidation enzymes at Wk-4 supported the switching to lipid metabolism. Differential regulation of 12 miRNAs was observed in Wk-1 vs Wk-4 cardiomyocytes. Overall, this study demonstrated that Wk-4 hiPSC-CMs showed improved functional, metabolic and ultrastructural maturation, which could play a crucial role in optimizing timing for cell transplantation studies and drug screening.
‘Eastern African Paradox’ rainfall decline due to shorter not less intense Long Rains
Authors: Wainwright Caroline M. , Marsham John H. , Keane Richard J. , Rowell David P. , Finney Declan L. , Black Emily , Allan Richard P.
Published: September 2019

An observed decline in the Eastern African Long Rains from the 1980s to late 2000s appears contrary to the projected increase under future climate change. This “Eastern African climate paradox” confounds use of climate projections for adaptation planning across Eastern Africa. Here we show the decline corresponds to a later onset and earlier cessation of the long rains, with a similar seasonal maximum in area-averaged daily rainfall. Previous studies have explored the role of remote teleconnections, but those mechanisms do not sufficiently explain the decline or the newly identified change in seasonality. Using a large ensemble of observations, reanalyses and atmospheric simulations, we propose a regional mechanism that explains both the observed decline and the recent partial recovery. A decrease in surface pressure over Arabia and warmer north Arabian Sea is associated with enhanced southerlies and an earlier cessation of the long rains. This is supported by a similar signal in surface pressure in many atmosphere-only models giving lower May rainfall and an earlier cessation. Anomalously warm seas south of Eastern Africa delay the northward movement of the tropical rain-band, giving a later onset. These results are key in understanding the paradox. It is now a priority to establish the balance of mechanisms that have led to these trends, which are partially captured in atmosphere-only simulations.
Systematically improved melting point prediction: a detailed physical simulation model is required
Authors: Walz Marie-Madeleine , van der Spoel David
Published: September 2019

Our detailed physical simulation model allows for an unprecedented and systematically improved prediction of melting points of alkali halides.
Luminescence sensing and supercapacitor performances of a new (3,3)-connected Cd-MOF
Authors: Liu Qian-Qian , Yue Ke-Fen , Weng Xian-Jun , Wang Yao-Yu
Published: September 2019

The Cd-MOF shows high luminescence sensing for Cu2+ and nitrobenzene. The Cd-MOF electrode exhibits high specific capacity and good cycling stability.
Interdisciplinary collaborations to address the uncertainty problem in life cycle assessment of nano-enabled products: case of the quantum dot-enabled display
Authors: Chopra Shauhrat S. , Bi Yuqiang , Brown Frank C. , Theis Thomas L. , Hristovski Kiril D. , Westerhoff Paul
Published: September 2019

Dynamic life cycle assessment (dLCA) framework presented in this paper encourages collaborative research among LCA modelers and end-of-life experimentalists to improve confidence in LCA results for emerging technologies like the quantum dot displays.
Protonation of rhodanine polymers for enhancing the capture and recovery of Ag+ from highly acidic wastewater
Authors: Yin Xiaocui , Shao Penghui , Ding Lin , Xi Yu , Zhang Kai , Yang Liming , Shi Hui , Luo Xubiao
Published: September 2019

Contraposing nature of actual Ag-polluted water, poly-allylrhodanine is designed and synthesized, which achieves superior capacity, outstanding selectivity and ultrahigh purity of reclaimed Ag+ in capture of Ag+ from highly acidic wastewater.
Evaluation of the functional quality of rapeseed oil obtained by different extraction processes in a Sprague-Dawley rat model
Authors: Li Youdong , Zhang Liang , Xu Yong-Jiang , Li Jinwei , Cao Peirang , Liu Yuanfa
Published: September 2019

The aqueous enzymatic extraction method can increase the content of trace active substances in rapeseed oil and ameliorate chronic diseases induced by a high-fat diet.
γ-Oryzanol alleviates acetaminophen-induced liver injury: roles of modulating AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways
Authors: Shu Guangwen , Qiu Yunhan , Hao Ji , Fu Qian , Deng Xukun
Published: September 2019

γ-Oryzanol alleviates acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice.
Lipidomic analysis as a tool for identifying susceptibility to various skin diseases
Authors: Smirnov Valeriy V. , Egorenkov Evgenii A. , Myasnikova Tatiana N. , Petukhov Alexey E. , Gegechkori Vladimir I. , Sukhanova Anna M. , Ramenskaya Galina V.
Published: September 2019

This review is about the significance of the use of lipidomic analysis for identifying susceptibility to skin diseases.
Atomic force microscopy-based single-molecule force spectroscopy detects DNA base mismatches
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Guo Yourong , Wang Kaizhe , Zhou Xingfei , Wang Ying , Lü Junhong , Shao Zhifeng , Hu Jun , Czajkowsky Daniel M. , Li Bin
Published: September 2019

AFM-based single-molecule-force spectroscopy is limited by low throughput. We introduce addressable DNA origami to study multiple target molecules at once. Target DNAs differing by only a single-base pair mismatch are clearly differentiated.
A luminescent single-molecule magnet of dimetallofullerene with cage-dependent properties
Authors: Nie Mingzhe , Yang Le , Zhao Chong , Meng Haibing , Feng Lai , Jin Peng , Wang Chunru , Wang Taishan
Published: September 2019

A luminescent single-molecule magnet of dimetallofullerene exhibits cage-dependent properties.
Single molybdenum atom anchored on 2D Ti2NO2 MXene as a promising electrocatalyst for N2 fixation
Authors: Cheng Yuwen , Dai Jianhong , Song Yan , Zhang Yumin
Published: September 2019

Mo anchored on Ti2NO2 (Mo/Ti2NO2) surface possesses superior NRR performance, with an overpotential ηNRR of 0.16 V via enzymatic mechanism.
Surface-bound sacrificial electron donors in promoting photocatalytic reduction on titania nanocrystals
Authors: Feng Ji , Yang Fan , Ye Yifan , Wang Wenshou , Yao Xiaxi , Fan Qingsong , Liu Luntao , Aleisa Rashed M. , Guo Jinghua , Yin Yadong
Published: September 2019

Direct binding of sacrificial electron donors to the surface of titania nanocrystals significantly promotes photocatalytic reduction reactions.
The role of apolipoprotein- and vitronectin-enriched protein corona on lipid nanoparticles forin vivotargeted delivery and transfection of oligonucleotides in murine tumor models
Authors: Chen Dongyu , Parayath Neha , Ganesh Shanthi , Wang Weimin , Amiji Mansoor
Published: September 2019

We demonstrated that protein corona can be altered by lipid nanoparticle composition changes. Protein corona composition differences had a profound impact on cell transfection,in vivobiodistribution and tumor-specific delivery.
Chemically modifying the mechanical properties of core–shell liquid metal nanoparticles
Authors: Morris Nicholas J. , Farrell Zachary J. , Tabor Christopher E.
Published: September 2019

Eutectic gallium–indium is a room temperature liquid metal that can be readily fabricated into nanoparticles. These particles form a thin, passivating oxide shell that can be chemically modified to change the mechanical properties of the particle.
Ruthenium-decorated vanadium pentoxide for room temperature ammonia sensing
Authors: Birajdar Shobha N. , Hebalkar Neha Y. , Pardeshi Satish K. , Kulkarni Sulabha K. , Adhyapak Parag V.
Published: September 2019

Layer structured vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) microparticles were synthesized hydrothermally and successfully decorated by a facile wet chemical route, with ∼10–20 nm sized ruthenium nanoparticles.
Enhanced stability of an intrinsically disordered protein against proteolytic cleavage through interactions with silver nanoparticles
Authors: Malik Shahid A. , Mondal Somnath , Atreya Hanudatta S.
Published: September 2019

An intrinsically disordered protein is stabilized against proteolytic degradation by dynamic interaction with silver nanoparticles.
Retracted Article: Aclarubicin regulates glioma cell growth and DNA damage through the SIRT1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Huo Jun-feng , Chen Xiao-bing
Published: September 2019

Aclarubicin (ACR), an anthracycline anti-tumor agent, is known to play important roles in cancer.
The acidic nature of “NMR-invisible” tri-coordinated framework aluminum species in zeolites
Authors: Xin Shaohui , Wang Qiang , Xu Jun , Chu Yueying , Wang Pengfei , Feng Ningdong , Qi Guodong , Trébosc Julien , Lafon Olivier , Fan Weibin , Deng Feng
Published: September 2019

A unique insight into the acidic nature of the tri-coordinated framework aluminum (AlFR) in H-ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts has been provided using multi-nuclear and multi-dimensional solid-state NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with TMPO probe molecules.
Size control over metal–organic framework porous nanocrystals
Authors: Marshall Checkers R. , Staudhammer Sara A. , Brozek Carl K.
Published: September 2019

A new model of MOF nanocrystal growth is proposed based on critical analysis of all reported sizes and synthetic conditions.
A UV-responsive pressure sensitive adhesive for damage-free fabrication of an ultrathin imperceptible mechanical sensor with ultrahigh optical transparency
Authors: Kim Sang-Woo , Ju Yun Hee , Han Sangmoon , Kim Jin Soo , Lee Hee-Jin , Han Chul Jong , Lee Cheul-Ro , Jung Seung-Boo , Kim Youngmin , Kim Jong-Woong
Published: September 2019

A UV-responsive transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive was developed to afford an ultratransparent and ultrathin pressure sensor without process-induced damage.
Hydrogen uptake properties of a nanoporous PIM-1–polyaniline nanocomposite polymer
Authors: Ramimoghadam Donya , Brown Christopher L. , Boyd Sue E. , Gray Evan MacA. , Webb Colin J.
Published: September 2019

The hydrogen storage behaviour of a PIM-1–polyaniline nanocomposite was studied for the first time at both ambient and cryogenic temperature.
Boron-nitride/carbon-nanotube hybrid aerogels as multifunctional desulfurisation agents
Authors: Xia Dong , Li Heng , Huang Peng , Mannering Jamie , Zafar Umair , Baker Daniel , Menzel Robert
Published: September 2019

Porous boron nitride particles were embedded within carbon nanotube aerogels to produce electrically-conducting sorbents that combine remarkable desulfurisation performance with the capability for rapid, energy-efficient Joule-heating regeneration.
Defective graphene aerogel-supported Bi–CoP nanoparticles as a high-potential air cathode for rechargeable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Chen Jianping , Ni Bangqing , Hu Jiugang , Wu Zexing , Jin Wei
Published: September 2019

Bi–CoP nanoparticles supported on N, P doped defective graphene aerogel (Bi–CoP–P-DG) electrocatalyst presents excellent catalytic performances for OER, ORR and Zn–air battery. Moreover, the home-made Zn–air battery can drive overall water-splitting.
Controllable silicon nanostructures featuring stable fluorescence and intrinsic in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity
Authors: Chu Binbin , Wu Sicong , Ji Xiaoyuan , Chen Runzhi , Song Bin , Tang Jiali , Wang Houyu , Su Yuanyuan , He Yao
Published: September 2019

A facile microwave-assisted synthetic approach enables the fabrication of different-dimensional Si nanostructures with unique optical merits for cancer therapy.
Biotinylated and fluorophore-incorporated polymeric mixed micelles for tumor cell-specific turn-on fluorescence imaging of Al3+
Authors: Wang Cai-Xia , Ai Shu-Lun , Wu Bo , Huang Shi-Wen , Liu Zhihong
Published: September 2019

We construct tumor-targeting fluorescent mixed nano-micelles for tumor cell-specific turn-on fluorescence imaging of Al3+.
Radar sensing for healthcare
Authors: Fioranelli Dr Francesco , Shah Dr Syed Aziz , Li1 Haobo , Shrestha Aman , Yang Dr Shufan , Kernec Dr Julien Le
Published: September 2019

Although traditionally associated with defence and security domains, radar sensing has attracted significant interest in recent years in healthcare applications. These include the monitoring of vital signs such as respiration, heartbeat, and blood pressure, analysis of gait and mobility levels, classification of human activities to promptly detect critical events such as falls, as well as the evaluation of fitness and reactivity levels. The attractiveness of radar against alternative technologies such as wearable sensors or cameras lies in its contactless capabilities, whereby people do not need to wear, carry, or interact with any additional device, and plain images of people and private environments are not recorded. In this letter, we discuss some of the most recent achievements and outstanding research challenges related to radar applications in healthcare and present some results from our work at the University of Glasgow, including a dataset of radar signatures of human activities that are openly shared with the wider community.
Catalog for the ESPRESSO blind radial velocity exoplanet survey
Authors: Hojjatpanah S. , Figueira P. , Santos N. C. , Adibekyan V. , Sousa S. G. , Delgado-Mena E. , Alibert Y. , Cristiani S. , González Hernández J. I. , Lanza A. F. , Di Marcantonio P. , Martins J. H. C. , Micela G. , Molaro P. , Neves V. , Oshagh M. , Pepe F. , Poretti E. , Rojas-Ayala B. , Rebolo R. , Suárez Mascareño A. , Zapatero Osorio M. R.
Published: September 2019

Aims.One of the main scientific drivers for ESPRESSO, Échelle SPectrograph, is the detection and characterization of Earth-class exoplanets. With this goal in mind, the ESPRESSO guaranteed time observations (GTO) Catalog identifies the best target stars for a blind search for the radial velocity (RV) signals caused by Earth-class exoplanets.

Methods.Using the most complete stellar catalogs available, we screened for the most suitable G, K, and M dwarf stars for the detection of Earth-class exoplanets with ESPRESSO. For most of the stars, we then gathered high-resolution spectra from new observations or from archival data. We used these spectra to spectroscopically investigate the existence of any stellar binaries, both bound or background stars. We derived the activity level using chromospheric activity indexes using log (R′HK), as well as the projected rotational velocityvsini. For the cases where planet companions are already known, we also looked at the possibility that additional planets may exist in the host’s habitable zone using dynamical arguments.

Results.We estimated the spectroscopic contamination level,vsini, activity, stellar parameters and chemical abundances for 249 of the most promising targets. Using these data, we selected 45 stars that match our criteria for detectability of a planet like Earth. The stars presented and discussed in this paper constitute the ESPRESSO GTO catalog for the RV blind search for Earth-class planets. They can also be used for any other work requiring a detailed spectroscopic characterization of stars in the solar neighborhood.
Revisiting the coronal current sheet model: Parameter range analysis and comparison with the potential field model
Authors: Koskela Jennimari , Virtanen Ilpo , Mursula Kalevi
Published: September 2019

Aims. We study the properties of the coronal magnetic field according to the current sheet source surface (CSSS) model in 1976–2017 for all physically reasonable values of the three model parameters (cusp surface radius Rcs, source surface radius Rss, and current parameter a), and compare the CSSS field with the potential field source surface (PFSS) model field.

Methods. We used the synoptic maps of the photospheric magnetic field from the Wilcox Solar Observatory (WSO), National Solar Observatory/Kitt Peak (NSO/KP), and the NSO Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun Vector Spectromagnetograph (SOLIS/VSM) in order to calculate the coronal magnetic field according to the CSSS and PFSS models. We calculated the coronal field strength, its latitudinal variation and neutral line location, as well as its polarity match with the heliospheric magnetic field.

Results. The CSSS model can correct the erroneous latitudinal variation of the PFSS model if the source surface is sufficiently far out with respect to the cusp surface (Rss ≥ 3 ⋅ Rcs). The topology of the neutral line only slightly depends on source surface radius or current parameter, but excludes very low values of the cusp surface (Rcs ≤ 1.5). A comparison of the polarities gives an optimum cusp surface radius that varies in time between 2 and 5; a stronger current yields a larger optimum Rcs. Interestingly, the optimum polarity match percentages and optimum radii vary very similarly in the two models over the four solar cycles we studied.

Conclusions. The CSSS model can produce a stronger total coronal flux than the PFSS model and correct its latitudinal variation. However, the topology of the CSSS model is rather independent of horizontal currents and remains very similar to that of the PFSS model. Therefore, the CSSS model cannot improve the match of field polarities between corona and heliosphere.
Sozialmedizinische Leistungsbeurteilung von Patienten mit
Osteoporose
Authors: Gehlen Martin , Pfeifer Michael , Lazarescu Ana Doina , Scholl Sabrina , Hinz Christian , Maier Anna , Schwarz-Eywill Michael
Published: September 2019

Dieser Artikel gibt dem klinisch tätigen Osteologen einen Überblick über die
sozialmedizinische Begutachtung von Patienten mit Osteoporose. Abhängig vom
Begutachtungsanlass liegen unterschiedliche Rechtsgebiete mit unterschiedlichen
Fragestellungen zugrunde. Die häufigsten Begutachtungsanlässe bei Patienten mit
Osteoporose sind die Frage nach Arbeitsfähigkeit, Erwerbsfähigkeit, Grad der
Behinderung, Pflegebedürftigkeit und Rehabilitationsbedürftigkeit.

Der Schwerpunkt dieses Artikels liegt auf der Begutachtung der Erwerbsfähigkeit
(Rentenrecht) und der Arbeitsfähigkeit (Krankenkassenrecht). Es werden Kriterien
dargestellt, durch die das qualitative (Arbeitsschwere) und quantitative
(Arbeitszeit) Leistungsvermögen im Rentenrecht begutachtet werden können. Es
werden Risikogruppen definiert, denen eine maximale Hebebelastung zugeordnet
wird. Die Begründung der sozialmedizinischen Einschätzung erfolgt anhand der
Internationalen Klassifikation der Funktionsstörungen (ICF). Patienten mit
Wirbelkörperfrakturen sollten im Rahmen einer stationären osteologischen
Rehabilitation behandelt werden. Dort erfolgt eine umfassende sozialmedizinische
Begutachtung.
Influence of Thrombus Composition on Thrombectomy: ADAPT vs. Balloon Guide Catheter and Stent Retriever in a Flow Model
Authors: Madjidyar Jawid , Pineda Vidal Lorena , Larsen Naomi , Jansen Olav
Published: September 2019

Purpose A first-pass, direct aspiration technique and stent retrieval with a balloon guide catheter represent advanced thrombectomy techniques that are increasingly being used in the clinical routine. The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate whether the techniques’ effectiveness depended on the clot composition and to visualize the interaction between the devices and the clot.

Materials and Methods Erythrocyte-rich (red) and fibrin-rich (white) clots were placed into the M1-segment of the middle cerebral artery in a transparent vascular phantom with physiological architecture. Physiological hemodynamic conditions were maintained with a programmable pump. On the one hand direct aspiration with a 5F aspiration catheter (ADAPT) and on the other hand stent retrieval with a balloon guide catheter (flow arrest/reversal) was performed. The experiments were made under direct visual control to observe the interaction between the devices and the clot. The primary end points were the number of passes/maneuvers and the occurrence of distal emboli and emboli in a new territory (anterior cerebral artery), until full recanalization was achieved. The experiment was filmed with a full high-definition camera identifying emboli.

Results Six experiments were conducted for each technique and clot model. Red clots were retrieved by ADAPT with fewer passes and distal emboli, and could usually be aspirated directly at the occlusion site. White clots clogged the tip of the 5F aspiration catheter in every experiment. The catheter had to be pulled back into the long sheath in the cervical internal carotid artery, producing distal emboli. White clots were retrieved by the stent retriever and balloon guide catheter with fewer distal emboli. There was no difference in the number of passes. The stent-thrombus interaction was superficial in both clot models. Successful retrieval was granted by the flow arrest and proximal aspiration/flow reversal. One embolus in a new territory developed when using each technique in white clots.

Conclusion This experimental study showed that the efficacy of advanced thrombectomy techniques might depend on clot composition. Identifying the right technique for the right clot might improve the results of thrombectomy. In a clinical setting the thrombus morphology in non-enhanced CT could be used as a marker for patient selection.

Key Points: 

Citation Format
Cartridge-Based Thromboelastography Can Be Used to Monitor and Quantify the Activity of Unfractionated and Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins
Authors: Dias João D. , Lopez-Espina Carlos G. , Panigada Mauro , Dalton Heidi J. , Hartmann Jan , Achneck Hardean E.
Published: September 2019

Thromboelastography is increasingly utilized in the management of bleeding and thrombotic complications where heparin management remains a cornerstone. This study assessed the feasibility of the cartridge-based TEG® 6s system (Haemonetics Corp., Braintree, Massachusetts, United States) to monitor and quantify the effect of unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin (UFH and LMWH). Blood samples from healthy donors were spiked with UFH (n = 23; 0–1.0 IU/mL) or LMWH (enoxaparin; n = 22; 0–1.5 IU/mL). Functional fibrinogen maximum amplitude (CFF.MA), RapidTEG activated clotting time (CRT.ACT), and kaolin and kaolin with heparinase reaction time (CK.R and CKH.R) were evaluated for their correlation with heparin concentrations, as well as the combination parameters ΔCK.R − CKH.R, ratio CK.R/CKH.R, and ratio CKH.R/CK.R. Nonlinear mixed-effect modelling was used to study the relationship between concentrations and parameters, and Bayesian classification modelling for the prediction of therapeutic ranges. CK.R and CRT.ACT strongly correlated with the activity of LMWH and UFH (p < 0.001). Using combination parameters, heparin activity could be accurately quantified in the range of 0.05 to 0.8 IU/mL for UFH and 0.1 to 1.5 IU/mL for LMWH. CRT.ACT was able to quantify heparin activity at higher concentrations but was only different from the reference range (p < 0.05) at >0.5 IU/mL for UFH and >1.5 IU/mL for LMWH. Combination parameters classified blood samples into subtherapeutic, therapeutic, and supratherapeutic heparin ranges, with an accuracy of >90% for UFH, and >78% for LMWH. This study suggests that TEG 6s can effectively monitor and quantify heparin activity for LMWH and UFH. Additionally, combination parameters can be used to classify blood samples into therapeutic ranges based on heparin activity.
Middle Cranial Fossa Approach: Anatomical Study on Skull Base Triangles as a Landmark for a Safe Anterior Petrosectomy
Authors: Anania Pasquale , Mirapeix-Lucas Rosa , Zona Gianluigi , Prior Alessandro , Cortes Carlos Asencio , Muñoz Hernandez Fernando
Published: September 2019

Objective The Kawase approach provides access to the petroclival and posterior cavernous sinus regions, cerebellopontine angle, and upper basilar artery territory. Nevertheless, it remains one of the most challenging approach for neurosurgeons, due to the considerable related morbidity and mortality. The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between anatomical landmarks and their possible variations, and to measure the extension of the Kawase space, to define the reliability of these landmarks while performing an anterior petrosectomy.

Design Using eight cadaveric specimens (15 sides), an anatomical dissections and extradural exposure of the Kawase area were performed.

Settings A two-step analysis of the distances between the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (V3) and the structures at risk of iatrogenic damage was performed.

Main outcome measures We measured the distance between V3 and the basal turn of the cochlea, and between V3 and the internal acoustic canal (IAC), analyzing the limits of bone resection without causing hearing damage.

Results We analyzed eight cadaveric (15 sides) formalin-fixed heads injected with colored silicone: four males and four females of Caucasian race (mean age: 73.83 years). We found a mean distance of 10.46 ± 1.13 mm between the great superficial petrous nerve (GSPN) intersection with V3 and the basal turn of the cochlea, and of 11.92 ± 1.71 mm between the origin point of V3 from the Gasserian ganglion and the fundus of the IAC.

Conclusion The knowledge of the safe distance between the most applicable anatomic landmarks and the hearing structures is a practical and useful method to perform this approach reducing related comorbidity.
Genetic Landscape of Mitochondrial Regulatory Region in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Changes from Diagnosis to Relapse
Authors: Tyagi Anudishi , Pramanik Raja , Bakhshi Radhika , Vishnubhatla Sreenivas , Bakhshi Sameer
Published: September 2019

This prospective study aimed to compare the pattern of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid D-loop (mt-DNA D-loop) variations in 41 paired samples of de novo pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (baseline vs. relapse) patients by Sanger's sequencing. Mean mt-DNA D-loop variation was 10.1 at baseline as compared with 9.4 per patients at relapse. In our study, 28 (68.3%) patients showed change in number of variations from baseline to relapse, 11 (26.8%) patients showed increase, 17 (41.6%) patients showed decrease, and 7 (17.1%) patients who suffered a relapse had a gain at position T489C. No statistically significant difference was observed in the mutation profile of mt-DNA D-loop region from baseline to relapse in the evaluated population of pediatric AML.
Spectral theory of imperfect diffusion-controlled reactions on heterogeneous catalytic surfaces
Authors: Grebenkov Denis S.
Published: September 2019

We propose a general theoretical description of chemical reactions occurring on a catalytic surface with heterogeneous reactivity. The propagator of a diffusion-reaction process with eventual absorption on the heterogeneous partially reactive surface is expressed in terms of a much simpler propagator toward a homogeneous perfectly reactive surface. In other words, the original problem with the general Robin boundary condition that includes, in particular, the mixed Robin-Neumann condition, is reduced to that with the Dirichlet boundary condition. Chemical kinetics on the surface is incorporated as a matrix representation of the surface reactivity in the eigenbasis of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator. New spectral representations of important characteristics of diffusion-controlled reactions, such as the survival probability, the distribution of reaction times, and the reaction rate, are deduced. Theoretical and numerical advantages of this spectral approach are illustrated by solving interior and exterior problems for a spherical surface that may describe either an escape from a ball or hitting its surface from outside. The effect of continuously varying or piecewise constant surface reactivity (describing, e.g., many reactive patches) is analyzed.
Simulation of ultrafast excited-state dynamics and elastic x-ray scattering by quantum wavepacket dynamics
Authors: Pápai Mátyás , Rozgonyi Tamás , Penfold Thomas J. , Nielsen Martin M. , Møller Klaus B.
Published: September 2019

Simulation of the ultrafast excited-state dynamics and elastic X-ray scattering of the [Fe(bmip)2]2+ [bmip = 2,6-bis(3-methyl-imidazole-1-ylidine)-4-pyridine] complex is presented and analyzed. We employ quantum wavepacket dynamics simulations on a 5-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) calculated by time-dependent density functional theory with 26 coupled diabatic states. The simulations are initiated by explicit inclusion of a time-dependent electromagnetic field. In the case of resonant excitation into singlet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (1MLCT) states, kinetic (exponential) population dynamics are observed with small nuclear motion. In agreement with transient optical absorption spectroscopy experiments, we observe a subpicosecond 1MLCT → 3MLCT intersystem crossing and a subsequent decay into triplet metal-centered (3MC) states on a picosecond time scale. The simulated time-resolved difference scattering signal is dominated by the 3MC component, for which the structural distortions are significant. On the other hand, excitation into 1MC states leads to ballistic (nonexponential) population dynamics with strong nuclear motion. The reason for these ballistic dynamics is that in this case, the excitation occurs into a nonequilibrium region, i.e., far from the minimum of the 1MC PES. This results in wavepacket dynamics along the principal breathing mode, which is clearly visible in both the population dynamics and difference scattering. Finally, the importance of decomposing the difference scattering into components by electronic states is highlighted, information which is not accessible from elastic X-ray scattering experiments.
Ionization-field instability in the laser-induced breakdown of nanoporous dielectric
Authors: Gildenburg V. B. , Pavlichenko I. A. , Smirnova D. A.
Published: September 2019

The theory of ionization-field instability in a continuous homogeneous medium is generalized to the heterogeneous nanoporous one with the purpose to clear and analyze the mechanism of nanograting formation during the optical breakdown process in a transparent dielectric (fused silica) containing multiple small inclusions (nanobubbles) with a lowered ionization threshold. Based on the Maxwell Garnett approximation extended to include the size effect caused by the finite ratio of the bubble sizes to the scale of unstable perturbations, we have obtained the equation system describing the spatiotemporal evolution of the plasma density, average field, and effective dielectric permittivity and have derived the characteristic equation connecting the temporal growth rate of these perturbations with their spatial period. Analysis of the roots of this equation shows that the unstable periodic perturbation structure having the maximal growth rate is close in character to the nanogratings observed experimentally (modulation in the direction of the pump wave polarization with the period approximately equal to the half-wavelength in the host material).
Thermalization and possible signatures of quantum chaos in complex crystalline materials
Authors: Zhang Jiecheng , Kountz Erik D. , Behnia Kamran , Kapitulnik Aharon
Published: September 2019

Significance

Quantum chaos has been suggested as a framework to understand transport of charge excitations in strongly correlated electron systems exhibiting the “strange metal” state without long-lived quasiparticle excitations. Identifying a characteristic local scrambling time and a velocity by which perturbation propagates into nonlocal degrees of freedom, a chaos diffusivity is identified and related to the measured charge and energy diffusivities. Here we scrutinize the underlying hypothesis that lattice dynamics can be ignored, particularly at high temperatures, where many phonon bands and their interactions dominate the thermal transport in complex materials. We argue that much of the chaotic behavior, which is also identified in complex insulators, originates from phonons, and in equivalent itinerant systems only the thermal (energy) diffusivity describes chaos diffusivity.
Structural-modelling and experimental validation of percolation threshold for nanotube-polyurethane shape memory system
Authors: Arun D. I. , Arun Kumar R. , Chakravarthy P. , Girish B. S. , Santhosh Kumar K. S. , Santhosh B.
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a comprehensive structural orientation model to facilitate a hypothesis for the percolation threshold of nanotube-polyurethane systems, utilising Monte Carlo simulations. It considers a representative volume for nanotubes of diverse sizes and aspect ratios, uniformly dispersed at random positions and orientations. Continuous conductive networks formulated with the representative elements were identified for various filler contents, modelled and predicted percolation threshold of 0.19%. Experimental percolation threshold obtained was 0.21%, which determines the reliability of the model and furthermore, the model is broad and can, therefore, be extended to any nanocomposite, to predict the percolation threshold. The shape memory effect of the nanotube-polyurethane nanocomposite was evaluated for thermal and electrical stimuli, and the recovery efficiencies arrived to 95 and 98% respectively.
Comparing inertial measurement units and marker‐based biomechanical models during dynamic rotation of the torso
Authors: Brice Sara M. , Phillips Elissa J. , Millett Emma L. , Hunter Adam , Philippa Bronson
Published: September 2019

Inertial measurement units (IMUs) enable human movements to be captured in the field and are being used increasingly in high performance sport. One key metric that can be derived from IMUs are relative angles of body segments which are important for monitoring form in many sports. The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the validity of relative angles derived from IMUs placed on the torso and pelvis; and (b) determine optimal positioning for torso mounted sensors such that the IMU relative angles match closely with gold standard torso–pelvis and thorax–pelvis relative angle data derived from an optoelectronic camera system. Seventeen adult participants undertook a variety of motion tasks. Four IMUs were positioned on the torso and one was positioned on the pelvis between the posterior superior iliac spines. Reflective markers were positioned around each IMU and over torso and pelvis landmarks. Results showed that the IMUs are valid with the root mean square errors expressed as a percentage of the angle range (RMSE%) ranging between 1% and 7%. Comparison between the IMU relative angles and the torso–pelvis and thorax–pelvis relative angles showed there were moderate to large differences with RMSE% values ranging between 4% and 57%. IMUs are highly accurate at measuring orientation data; however, further work is needed to optimise positioning and modelling approaches so IMU relative angles align more closely with relative angles derived using traditional motion capture methods.
Brajendra Tripathi: Keeping an eye out for translational research
Authors: O’Donnell Marie Anne
Published: September 2019

Tripathi investigates how the tumor suppressor DLC1 is regulated by oncogenic kinases.
Characterization of New Natural Cellulosic Fibers – A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Arul Marcel Moshi A , Ravindran D , Sundara Bharathi S.R , Suganthan V , Kennady Shaju Singh G
Published: September 2019

The world is in the need of more eco-friendly materials; therefore researchers around the globe focus on developing new materials that would improve the environmental quality of products. This need for new green materials has led to the utilization of composites made from raw natural fibers as they are low cost and have better mechanical properties and require low production energy consumption. Natural fibers are one of the effective substitutes for switching artificial fiber and concentrating to reinforce polymer matrices due to their decomposable characteristic. This study explains the various tests to be carried out such as mechanical property analysis, chemical composition analysis, surface morphology analysis, thermal stability analysis, etc., in order to characterize a new natural fiber. The impact of treating natural fibers with the suitable chemicals on the desirable properties is elaborately discussed. The testing procedures and the various significant points given by the researchers in this field are presented in detail. This work will surely be helpful for the upcoming researchers those who would like to carry out the research work in natural fiber composites.
Performance Analysis of Abrasive Water Jet Cutting Process in Carbon Fiber Epoxy Polymer Composite
Authors: Potom Binduk , Madhu S. , Kannan S. , Prathap P.
Published: September 2019

Abrasive water jet machining is unconventional material removal process used to dissolve openings and cavities by the force of rough particles of the slurry on hard and materials. It is a non traditional machining process able to machine wide scope of hard to cut materials such as alloys, composite materials. This work explores the impact of different process parameters on kerf angle and amount of materials removed which are imperative execution measures in abrasive waterjet machining. The variable abrasive water jet parameters considered here include water pressure, nozzle diameter stand-off distance and abrasive flow rate. Experiments were conducted on carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites by varying these parameters. This work concluded that maximum abrasive jet pressure increase the material removal rate and minimum stand off distance (SOD) will decrease the kerf angle in carbon fibre composites.