bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Waterbirth: trial or error?
Authors: Wise Joyce
Published: January 2018

Three incidents of fetal mortality and morbidity have occurred recently while water was being used for labour and delivery. It is 30 years or more since this practice was pioneered but only now has this link been made, provoking dramatic media headlines warning of the dangers of waterbirth. Is this response justified? The failure of many midwives to publish substantial data on this subject has made the question difficult to answer and has left the practice open to criticism. Empirical research is urgently needed.
Waterbirth: feedback from mothers and midwives
Authors: Lines Melanie
Published: January 2018

The use of water in childbirth is nothing new. Birthpools are now used regularly in home and hospital confinements. But what are the benefits and problems associated with waterbirths? This article is written in the light of The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists call for more research, using statistics and user feedback to provide some answers.
Book reviews
Authors: Morrin Noreen , O’Driscoll Muriel , Shaw N R
Published: January 2018

The CTG in Practice

Successful Potty Training

Standards of Care – Midwifery
Children in the delivery room
Authors: Scullion Phil , Scullion Jill
Published: January 2018

This article is a personal account of a hospital-based delivery where siblings and Granny came along too. The parents' decision to have the siblings present throughout labour is explained and the preparation for this and involvement of the midwives are described. The three children recorded some of their impressions in their own words.
The general $\phi$-Hermitian solution to mixed pairs of quaternion matrix Sylvester equations
Authors: He Zhuo-Heng , Liu Jianzhen , Tam Tin-Yau
Published: January 2018

Let $\mathbb{H}^{m\times n}$ be the space of $m\times n$ matrices over $\mathbb{H}$, where $\mathbb{H}$ is the real quaternion algebra. Let $A_{\phi}$ be the $n\times m$ matrix obtained by applying $\phi$ entrywise to the transposed matrix $A^{T}$, where $A\in\mathbb{H}^{m\times n}$ and $\phi$ is a nonstandard involution of $\mathbb{H}$. In this paper, some properties of the Moore-Penrose inverse of the quaternion matrix $A_{\phi}$ are given. Two systems of mixed pairs of quaternion matrix Sylvester equations $A_{1}X-YB_{1}=C_{1},~A_{2}Z-YB_{2}=C_{2}$ and $A_{1}X-YB_{1}=C_{1},~A_{2}Y-ZB_{2}=C_{2}$ are considered, where $Z$ is $\phi$-Hermitian. Some practical necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a solution $(X,Y,Z)$ to those systems in terms of the ranks and Moore-Penrose inverses of the given coefficient matrices are presented. Moreover, the general solutions to these systems are explicitly given when they are solvable. Some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the main results.
Low Rank Perturbations of Quaternion Matrices
Authors: Mehl Christian , Ran Andre
Published: January 2018

Low rank perturbations of right eigenvalues of quaternion matrices are considered. For real and complex matrices it is well known that under a generic rank-$k$ perturbation the $k$ largest Jordan blocks of a given eigenvalue will disappear while additional smaller Jordan blocks will remain. In this paper, it is shown that the same is true for real eigenvalues of quaternion matrices, but for complex nonreal eigenvalues the situation is different: not only the largest $k$, but the largest $2k$ Jordan blocks of a given eigenvalue will disappear under generic quaternion perturbations of rank $k$. Special emphasis is also given to Hermitian and skew-Hermitian quaternion matrices and generic low rank perturbations that are structure-preserving.
From convergence in measure to convergence of matrix-sequences through concave functions and singular values
Authors: Barbarino Giovanni , Garoni Carlo
Published: January 2018

Sequences of matrices with increasing size naturally arise in several areas of science, such as, for example, the numerical discretization of differential and integral equations. An approximation theory for sequences of this kind has recently been developed, with the aim of providing tools for computing their asymptotic singular value and eigenvalue distributions. The cornerstone of this theory is the notion of approximating classes of sequences (a.c.s.), which is also fundamental to the theory of generalized locally Toeplitz (GLT) sequences, and hence to the spectral analysis of PDE discretization matrices. Drawing inspiration from measure theory, here it is introduced a class of functions which are proved to be complete pseudometrics inducing the a.c.s.\ convergence. It is also shown that each of these pseudometrics gives rise to a natural isometry between the spaces of GLT sequences and measurable functions. Furthermore, it is highlighted that the a.c.s.\ convergence is an asymptotic matrix version of the convergence in measure, thus suggesting a way to obtain matrix theory results from measure theory results.
The patient-specific Triflange acetabular implant for revision total hip arthroplasty in patients with severe acetabular defects
Authors: Berend M. E. , Berend K. R. , Lombardi A. V. , Cates H. , Faris P.
Published: January 2018

Aims

Few reconstructive techniques are available for patients requiring complex acetabular revisions such as those involving Paprosky type 2C, 3A and 3B deficiencies and pelvic discontinuity. Our aim was to describe the development of the patient specific Triflange acetabular component for use in these patients, the surgical technique and mid-term results. We include a description of the pre-operative CT scanning, the construction of a model, operative planning, and surgical technique. All implants were coated with porous plasma spray and hydroxyapatite if desired.

Patients and Methods

A multicentre, retrospective review of 95 complex acetabular reconstructions in 94 patients was performed. A total of 61 (64.2%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 66 (38 to 85). The mean body mass index was 29 kg/m2 (18 to 51). Outcome was reported using the Harris Hip Score (HHS), complications, failures and survival.

Results

The mean follow-up was 3.5 years (1 to 11). The mean HHS improved from 46 (15 to 90) pre-operatively to 75 (14 to 100). A total of 21 hips (22%) had at least one complication with some having more than one; including dislocation (6%), infection (6%), and femoral complications (2%). The implant was subsequently removed in five hips (5%), only one for suspected aseptic loosening.

Conclusion

The Triflange patient specific acetabular component provides predictable fixation with complication rates which are similar to those of other techniques. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B(1 Supple A):50–4.
The outpatient total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Berend K. R. , Lombardi A. V. , Berend M. E. , Adams J. B. , Morris M. J.
Published: January 2018

Aims

To examine incidence of complications associated with outpatient total hip arthroplasty (THA), and to see if medical comorbidities are associated with complications or extended length of stay.

Patients and Methods

From June 2013 to December 2016, 1279 patients underwent 1472 outpatient THAs at our free-standing ambulatory surgery centre. Records were reviewed to determine frequency of pre-operative medical comorbidities and post-operative need for overnight stay and complications which arose.

Results

In 87 procedures, the patient stayed overnight for 23-hour observation, with 39 for convenience reasons and 48 (3.3%) for medical observation, most frequently urinary retention (13), obstructive sleep apnoea (nine), emesis (four), hypoxia (four), and pain management (six). Five patients (0.3%) experienced major complications within 48 hours, including three transferred to an acute facility; there was one death. Overall complication rate requiring unplanned care was 2.2% (32/1472). One or more major comorbidities were present in 647 patients (44%), including previous coronary artery disease (CAD; 50), valvular disease (nine), arrhythmia (219), thromboembolism history (28), obstructive sleep apnoea (171), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; 124), asthma (118), frequent urination or benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH; 217), or mild chronic renal insufficiency (11).

Conclusion

The presence of these comorbidities was not associated with medical or surgical complications. However, presence of one or more major comorbidity was associated with an increased risk of overnight observation. Specific comorbidities associated with increased risk were CAD, COPD, and frequent urination/BPH. Outpatient THA is safe for a large proportion of patients without the need for a standardised risk assessment score. Risk of complications is not associated with presence of medical comorbidities. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B(1 Supple A):31–5.
Trends and risk factors for prolonged opioid use after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Bedard N. A. , DeMik D. E. , Dowdle S. B. , Callaghan J. J.
Published: January 2018

Aims

The purpose of this study was to evaluate trends in opioid use after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), to identify predictors of prolonged use and to compare the rates of opioid use after UKA, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Materials and Methods

We identified 4205 patients who had undergone UKA between 2007 and 2015 from the Humana Inc. administrative claims database. Post-operative opioid use for one year post-operatively was assessed using the rates of monthly repeat prescription. These were then compared between patients with and without a specific variable of interest and with those of patients who had undergone TKA and THA.

Results

A total of 4205 UKA patients were analysed. Of these, 1362 patients (32.4%) were users of opioids. Pre-operative opioid use was the strongest predictor of prolonged opioid use after UKA. Opioid users were 1.4 (81.6% versus 57.7%), 3.7 (49.5% versus 13.3%) and 5.5 (35.8% versus 6.5%) times more likely to be taking opioids at one, two and three months post-operatively, respectively (p < 0.05 for all). Younger age and specific comorbidities such as anxiety/depression, smoking, back pain and substance abuse were found to significantly increase the rate of repeat prescription for opioids after UKA. Overall, UKA patients required significantly less opioid prescriptions than patients who had undergone THA and TKA.

Conclusion

One-third of patients who undergo UKA are given opioids in the three months pre-operatively. Pre-operative opioid use is the best predictor of increased repeat prescriptions after UKA. However, other intrinsic patient characteristics are also predictive. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B(1 Supple A):62–7.
Reconstruction of the hip after resection of periacetabular oncological lesions
Authors: Brown T. S. , Salib C. G. , Rose P. S. , Sim F. H. , Lewallen D. G. , Abdel M. P.
Published: January 2018

Aims

Reconstruction of the acetabulum after resection of a periacetabular malignancy is technically challenging and many different techniques have been used with varying success. Our aim was to prepare a systematic review of the literature dealing with these techniques in order to clarify the management, the rate of complications and the outcomes.

Patients and Methods

A search of PubMed and MEDLINE was conducted for English language articles published between January 1990 and February 2017 with combinations of key search terms to identify studies dealing with periacetabular resection with reconstruction in patients with a malignancy. Studies in English that reported radiographic or clinical outcomes were included. Data collected from each study included: the number and type of reconstructions, the pathological diagnosis of the lesions, the mean age and follow-up, gender distribution, implant survivorship, complications, functional outcome, and mortality. The results from individual studies were combined for the general analysis, and then grouped according to the type of reconstruction.

Results

A total of 57 studies met the inclusion criteria and included 1700 patients. Most lesions were metastatic (41%), followed by chondrosarcoma (29%), osteosarcoma (10%), Ewing’s sarcoma (7%), and multiple myeloma (2%). The techniques of reconstruction were divided into seven types for analysis: those involving a Harrington reconstruction, a saddle prosthesis, an allograft and allograft prosthesis composite, a pasteurised autograft, a porous tantalum implant, a custom-made prosthesis and a modular hemipelvic reconstruction. The rate of complications was 50%, with infection (14%) and instability (8%) being the most common. Mortality data were available for 1427 patients (84%); 50% had died of disease progression, 23% were alive with disease, and 27% had no evidence of disease at a mean follow-up of 3.4 years (0 to 34).

Conclusion

Both the rate of complications and mortality are high following resection of oncological periacetabular lesions and reconstruction. Many types of reconstruction have been used with unique challenges and complications for each technique. Newer prostheses, including custom-made prostheses and porous tantalum implants and augments, have shown promising early functional and radiographic outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B(1 Supple A):22–30.
Cost-effective peri-operative pain management
Authors: Kim K. , Elbuluk A. , Yu S. , Iorio R.
Published: January 2018

Aims

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal regimen for the management of pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by comparing the outcomes and cost-effectiveness of different protocols implemented at a large, urban, academic medical centre.

Patients and Methods

Between September 2013 and September 2015, we used a series of modifications to our standard regimen for the management of pain after TKA. In May 2014, there was a department-wide transition from protocols focused on femoral nerve blocks (FNB) to periarticular injections of liposomal bupivacaine. In February 2015, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) was removed from the protocol while continuing liposomal bupivacaine injections. Quality measures and hospital costs were compared between the three protocols.

Results

The cohort being treated with PCA-less liposomal bupivacaine injections had a significantly higher percentage of patients who were discharged to their home (p = 0.010) and a significantly shorter length of stay (p < 0.001). Patient-reported Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) scores relating to pain being “well-controlled” and “overall pain management” also favoured this cohort (p = 0.214 and p = 0.463, respectively), in which cost was significantly lower compared with the other two cohorts (p = 0.005).

Conclusion

The replacement of FNBs injections and the removal of PCAs, both of which are known to be associated with high rates of adverse outcomes, and the addition of liposomal bupivacaine periarticular injections to a multimodal pain regimen, led to improvements in many quality measures, HCAHPS pain scores, and cost-effectiveness. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B(1 Supple A):55–61.
Effects of titanium nanotubes on the osseointegration, cell differentiation, mineralisation and antibacterial properties of orthopaedic implant surfaces
Authors: Su E. P. , Justin D. F. , Pratt C. R. , Sarin V. K. , Nguyen V. S. , Oh S. , Jin S.
Published: January 2018

The development and pre-clinical evaluation of nano-texturised, biomimetic, surfaces of titanium (Ti) implants treated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube arrays is reviewed. In vitro and in vivo evaluations show that TiO2nanotubes on Ti surfaces positively affect the osseointegration, cell differentiation, mineralisation, and anti-microbial properties. This surface treatment can be superimposed onto existing macro and micro porous Ti implants creating a surface texture that also interacts with cells at the nano level. Histology and mechanical pull-out testing of specimens in rabbits indicate that TiO2nanotubes improves bone bonding nine-fold (p = 0.008). The rate of mineralisation associated with TiO2nanotube surfaces is about three times that of non-treated Ti surfaces. In addition to improved osseointegration properties, TiO2nanotubes reduce the initial adhesion and colonisation of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Collectively, the properties of Ti implant surfaces enhanced with TiO2nanotubes show great promise.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B(1 Supple A):9–16.
Trunnion corrosion
Authors: Berstock J. R. , Whitehouse M. R. , Duncan C. P.
Published: January 2018

Aims

To present a surgically relevant update of trunnionosis.

Materials and Methods

Systematic review performed April 2017.

Results

Trunnionosis accounts for approximately 2% of the revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) burden. Thinner (reduced flexural rigidity) and shorter trunnions (reduced contact area at the taper junction) may contribute to mechanically assisted corrosion, exacerbated by high offset implants. The contribution of large heads and mixed metallurgy is discussed.

Conclusion

Identifying causative risk factors is challenging due to the multifactorial nature of this problem. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B(1 Supple A):44–9.
Total hip arthroplasty in patients with neuromuscular imbalance
Authors: Konan S. , Duncan C. P.
Published: January 2018

Patients with neuromuscular imbalance who require total hip arthroplasty (THA) present particular technical problems due to altered anatomy, abnormal bone stock, muscular imbalance and problems of rehabilitation.

In this systematic review, we studied articles dealing with THA in patients with neuromuscular imbalance, published before April 2017. We recorded the demographics of the patients and the type of neuromuscular pathology, the indication for surgery, surgical approach, concomitant soft-tissue releases, the type of implant and bearing, pain and functional outcome as well as complications and survival.

Recent advances in THA technology allow for successful outcomes in these patients. Our review suggests excellent benefits for pain relief and good functional outcome might be expected with a modest risk of complication.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B(1 Supple A):17–21.
Venous thromboembolic prophylaxis after simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Goel R. , Fleischman A. N. , Tan T. , Sterbis E. , Huang R. , Higuera C. , Parvizi J. , Rothman R. H.
Published: January 2018

Aims

The aims of this study were to compare the efficacy of two agents, aspirin and warfarin, for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (SBTKA), and to elucidate the risk of VTE conferred by this procedure compared with unilateral TKA (UTKA).

Patients and Methods

A retrospective, multi-institutional study was conducted on 18 951 patients, 3685 who underwent SBTKA and 15 266 who underwent UTKA, using aspirin or warfarin as VTE prophylaxis. Each patient was assigned an individualised baseline VTE risk score based on a system using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Symptomatic VTE, including pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), were identified in the first 90 days post-operatively. Statistical analyses were performed with logistic regression accounting for baseline VTE risk.

Results

The adjusted incidence of PE following SBTKA was 1.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86 to 1.2) with aspirin and 2.2% (95% CI 2.0 to 2.4) with warfarin. Similarly, the adjusted incidence of VTE following SBTKA was 1.6% (95% CI 1.1 to 2.3) with aspirin and 2.5% (95% CI 1.9 to 3.3) with warfarin. The risk of PE and VTE were reduced by 66% (odds ratio (OR) 0.44, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.78) and 38% (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.0), respectively, using aspirin. In addition, the risk of PE was 204% higher for patients undergoing SBTKA relative to those undergoing UTKA. For each ten-point increase in baseline VTE risk, the risk of PE increased by 25.5% for patients undergoing SBTKA compared with 10.5% for those undergoing UTKA. Patients with a history of myocardial infarction or peripheral vascular disease had the greatest increase in risk from undergoing SBTKA instead of UTKA.

Conclusion

Aspirin is more effective than warfarin for the prevention of VTE following SBTKA, and serves as the more appropriate agent for VTE prophylaxis for patients in all risk categories. Furthermore, patients undergoing SBTKA are at a substantially increased risk of VTE, even more so for those with significant underlying risk factors. Patients should be informed about the risks associated with undergoing SBTKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B(1 Supple A):68–75.
Intra-operative digital imaging
Authors: Hambright D. , Hellman M. , Barrack R.
Published: January 2018

Aims

The aims of this study were to examine the rate at which the positioning of the acetabular component, leg length discrepancy and femoral offset are outside an acceptable range in total hip arthroplasties (THAs) which either do or do not involve the use of intra-operative digital imaging.

Patients and Methods

A retrospective case-control study was undertaken with 50 patients before and 50 patients after the integration of an intra-operative digital imaging system in THA. The demographics of the two groups were comparable for body mass index, age, laterality and the indication for surgery. The digital imaging group had more men than the group without. Surgical data and radiographic parameters, including the inclination and anteversion of the acetabular component, leg length discrepancy, and the difference in femoral offset compared with the contralateral hip were collected and compared, as well as the incidence of altering the position of a component based on the intra-operative image.

Results

Digital imaging took a mean of five minutes (2.3 to 14.6) to perform. Intra-operative changes with the use of digital imaging were made for 43 patients (86%), most commonly to adjust leg length and femoral offset. There was a decrease in the incidence of outliers when using intra-operative imaging compared with not using it in regard to leg length discrepancy (20% versus 52%, p = 0.001) and femoral offset inequality (18% versus 44%, p = 0.004). There was also a difference in the incidence of outliers in acetabular inclination (0% versus 7%, p = 0.023) and version (0% versus 4%, p = 0.114) compared with historical results of a high-volume surgeon at the same centre.

Conclusion

The use of intra-operative digital imaging in THA improves the accuracy of the positioning of the components at THA without adding a substantial amount of time to the operation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100B(1 Supple A):36–43.
A functional comparison of medial pivot and condylar knee designs based on patient outcomes and parameters of gait
Authors: Benjamin B. , Pietrzak J. R. T. , Tahmassebi J. , Haddad F. S.
Published: January 2018

Aims

The outcome of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is not always satisfactory. The purpose of this study was to identify satisfaction and biomechanical features characterising the gait of patients who had undergone TKA with either an anatomical single radius design or a medial pivot design. We hypothesised that the latter would provide superior function.

Patients and Methods

This is a study of a subset of patients recruited into a prospective randomised study of a single radius design versus a medial pivot design, with a minimum follow-up of one year. Outcome measurements included clinical scores (Knee Society Score (KSS) and Oxford Knee Score (OKS)) and gait analysis using an instrumented treadmill.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for both the KSS and OKS. There was also no statistical significance in cadence, walking speed, stride length and stance time, peak stride, mid support and push-off forces.

Conclusion

This study corroborates a previous study by the same authors that showed equally good results in clinical outcome and gait between the conventional single radius and medial pivot designs under stringent testing conditions. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;(1 Supple A)100-B:76–82.
Two-stage revision for the culture-negative infected total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Ibrahim M. S. , Twaij H. , Haddad F. S.
Published: January 2018

Aims

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a challenging complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA). It is associated with high levels of morbidity, mortality and expense. Guidelines and protocols exist for the management of culture-positive patients. Managing culture-negative patients with a PJI poses a greater challenge to surgeons and the wider multidisciplinary team as clear guidance is lacking.

Patients and Methods

We aimed to compare the outcomes of treatment for 50 consecutive culture-negative and 50 consecutive culture-positive patients who underwent two-stage revision THA for chronic infection with a minimum follow-up of five years.

Results

There was no significant difference in the outcomes between the two groups of patients, with a similar rate of re-infection of 6%, five years post-operatively. Culture-negative PJIs were associated with older age, smoking, referral from elsewhere and pre-operative antibiotic treatment. The samples in the culture-negative patients were negative before the first stage (aspiration), during the first-stage (implant removal) and second-stage procedures (re-implantation).

Conclusion

Adherence to strict protocols for selecting and treating culture-negative patients with a PJI using the same two-stage revision approach that we employ for complex culture-positive PJIs is important in order to achieve control of the infection in this difficult group of patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;(1 Supple A)100-B:3–8.
Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans in Renal Inflammation: Two Sides of the Coin
Authors: Nastase Madalina V. , Janicova Andrea , Roedig Heiko , Hsieh Louise Tzung-Harn , Wygrecka Malgorzata , Schaefer Liliana
Published: January 2018

It is now well-established that members of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family act in their soluble form, released proteolytically from the extracellular matrix (ECM), as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). By interacting with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the inflammasome, the two SLRPs, biglycan and decorin, autonomously trigger sterile inflammation. Recent data indicate that these SLRPs, besides their conventional role as pro-inflammatory DAMPs, additionally trigger anti-inflammatory signaling pathways to tightly control inflammation. This is brought about by selective employment of TLRs, their co-receptors, various adaptor molecules, and through crosstalk between SLRP-, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-, and sphingolipid-signaling. In this review, the complexity of SLRP signaling in immune and kidney resident cells and its relevance for renal inflammation is discussed. We propose that the dichotomy in SLRP signaling (pro- and anti-inflammatory) allows for fine-tuning the inflammatory response, which is decisive for the outcome of inflammatory kidney diseases.
Glycosaminoglycan Interactions Fine-Tune Chemokine-Mediated Neutrophil Trafficking: Structural Insights and Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Rajarathnam Krishna , Sepuru Krishna Mohan , Joseph Prem Raj B. , Sawant Kirti V. , Brown Aaron J.
Published: January 2018

Circulating neutrophils, rapidly recruited in response to microbial infection, form the first line in host defense. Humans express ~50 chemokines, of which a subset of seven chemokines, characterized by the conserved “Glu-Leu-Arg” motif, mediate neutrophil recruitment. Neutrophil-activating chemokines (NACs) share similar structures, exist as monomers and dimers, activate the CXCR2 receptor on neutrophils, and interact with tissue glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Considering cellular assays have shown that NACs have similar CXCR2 activity, the question has been and remains, why do humans express so many NACs? In this review, we make the case that NACs are not redundant and that distinct GAG interactions determine chemokine-specific in vivo functions. Structural studies have shown that the GAG-binding interactions of NACs are distinctly different, and that conserved and specific residues in the context of structure determine geometries that could not have been predicted from sequences alone. Animal studies indicate recruitment profiles of monomers and dimers are distinctly different, monomer–dimer equilibrium regulates recruitment, and that recruitment profiles vary between chemokines and between tissues, providing evidence that GAG interactions orchestrate neutrophil recruitment. We propose in vivo GAG interactions impact several chemokine properties including gradients and lifetime, and that these interactions fine-tune and define the functional response of each chemokine that can vary between different cell and tissue types for successful resolution of inflammation.
Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns Derived From the Extracellular Matrix Provide Temporal Control of Innate Immunity
Authors: Frevert Charles W. , Felgenhauer Jessica , Wygrecka Malgorzata , Nastase Madalina V. , Schaefer Liliana
Published: January 2018

It is evident that components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) act as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through direct interactions with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and inflammasomes. Through these interactions, ECM-derived DAMPs autonomously trigger sterile inflammation or prolong pathogen-induced responses through the production of proinflammatory mediators and the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of injury and infection. Recent research, however, suggests that ECM-derived DAMPs are additionally involved in the resolution and fine-tuning of inflammation by orchestrating the production of anti-inflammatory mediators that are required for the resolution of tissue inflammation and the transition to acquired immunity. Thus, in this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the interplay between ECM-derived DAMPs and the innate immune signaling pathways that are activated to provide temporal control of innate immunity.
The Role of Heparan Sulfate in Inflammation, and the Development of Biomimetics as Anti-Inflammatory Strategies
Authors: Farrugia Brooke L. , Lord Megan S. , Melrose James , Whitelock John M.
Published: January 2018

Key events that occur during inflammation include the recruitment, adhesion, and transmigration of leukocytes from the circulation to the site of inflammation. These events are modulated by chemokines, integrins, and selectins and the interaction of these molecules with glycosaminoglycans, predominantly heparan sulfate (HS). The development of HS/heparin mimetics that interfere or inhibit the interactions that occur between glycosaminoglycans and modulators of inflammation holds great potential for use as anti-inflammatory therapeutics. This review will detail the role of HS in the events that occur during inflammation, their interaction and modulation of inflammatory mediators, and the current advances in the development of HS/heparin mimetics as anti-inflammatory biotherapeutics.
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Relays of Neuroinflammation
Authors: O’Callaghan Paul , Zhang Xiao , Li Jin-Ping
Published: January 2018

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are implicated as inflammatory mediators in a variety of settings, including chemokine activation, which is required to recruit circulating leukocytes to infection sites. Heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharide chains are highly interactive and serve co-receptor roles in multiple ligand:receptor interactions. HS may also serve as a storage depot, sequestering ligands such as cytokines and restricting their access to binding partners. Heparanase, through its ability to fragment HS chains, is a key regulator of HS function and has featured prominently in studies of HS’s involvement in inflammatory processes. This review focuses on recent discoveries regarding the role of HSPGs, HS, and heparanase during inflammation, with particular focus on the brain. HS chains emerge as critical go-betweens in multiple aspects of the inflammatory response—relaying signals between receptors and cells. The molecular interactions proposed to occur between HSPGs and the pathogen receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are discussed, and we summarize some of the contrasting roles that HS and heparanase have been assigned in diseases associated with chronic inflammatory states, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We conclude by briefly discussing how current knowledge could potentially be applied to augment HS-mediated events during sustained neuroinflammation, which contributes to neurodegeneration in AD.
Multifunctional Role of 35 Kilodalton Hyaluronan in Promoting Defense of the Intestinal Epithelium
Authors: Kessler Sean P. , Obery Dana R. , Nickerson Kourtney P. , Petrey Aaron C. , McDonald Christine , de la Motte Carol A.
Published: January 2018

Intestinal epithelium plays a critical role in host defense against orally acquired pathogens. Dysregulation of this protective barrier is a primary driver of inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis) and also infant gastrointestinal infections. Previously, our lab reported that hyaluronan (HA) isolated from human milk induces the expression of the antimicrobial peptide β-defensin in vivo and protects against Salmonella Typhimurium infection of epithelial cells in vitro. In addition, we demonstrated that commercially available 35 kDa size HA induces the expression of β-defensin, upregulates the expression of tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and attenuates murine Citrobacter rodentium infection in vivo. In this current study, we report that HA35 remains largely intact and biologically active during transit through the digestive tract where it directly induces β-defensin expression upon epithelial cell contact. We also demonstrate HA35 abrogation of murine Salmonella Typhimurium infection as well as downregulation of leaky tight junction protein claudin-2 expression. Taken together, we propose a dual role for HA in host innate immune defense at the epithelial cell surface, acting to induce antimicrobial peptide production and also block pathogen-induced leaky gut. HA35 is therefore a promising therapeutic in the defense against bacterially induced colitis in compromised adults and vulnerable newborns.
A Jewish National Collection for a Jewish National Library: The Abraham Schwadron Collection, Past and Present
Authors: Misrati Rachel
Published: January 2018

The fascinating story of the creation and development of this unique collection is matched only by the collection's importance as a resource of primary material for research in the social sciences, the humanities, and even the exact sciences. With over five and a half thousand leading Jewish personalities represented in their original handwriting, Abraham Schwadron's autograph collection is more than just the first Jewish Who's Who. The inscribed visiting cards, literary manuscripts, handwritten letters, and even musical scores are all evidence of a Jewish social milieu and cultural enterprise that stretches from the sixteenth century to the present day. The collection is a written record of the history of the Jewish people as it unfolded. No less dramatic is the man behind the collection, who from his youth in Galicia decided he would build a national Jewish autograph collection for the Jewish people and bring it to Jerusalem. The National Library of Israel is presently working to make this whole collection accessible to the public, first by rendering the collection searchable through the Library's online catalogue and then by digitizing the entire collection of autographs.
This article traces the history of the collection, introduces the intriguing figure of Abraham Schwadron and his rationale for building the collection, and reveals the many ways that the collection's rich and fascinating potential can be used as a resource of original source material. At the end of the article there is brief reference to the National Library of Israel's project for digitizing the collection.
Dangerous Liaisons in Cairo: Reginald Q. Henriques and the Taylor-Schechter Genizah Manuscript Collection
Authors: Jefferson Rebecca
Published: January 2018

When Solomon Schechter published his opus magnum, the co-edited volume of The Wisdom of Ben Sira, in 1899, he took the trouble to express his gratitude towards one Reginald Q. Henriques for his help in the past and still ongoing. This article attempts to answer the question: who was this Mr. Henriques and what was the nature of his connection to Schechter? Using previously unpublished archival evidence, this question is explored in depth, as well as the question of why Schechter chose to acknowledge this individual precisely at that point. It also provides an in-depth account, together with transcriptions of original letters, of the activities of the various genizah manuscript collectors operating in Cairo during the late 1890s and the unspoken race to recover the original Hebrew version of the Book of Ben Sira. These activities are viewed against the backdrop of an all-pervasive scholarly culture that was critical of post-biblical Judaism, as well as prevailing Cairene attitudes and behaviors towards those engaged in the recovery and export of antiquities, and the varying (often arbitrary) authorizations and restrictions exercised by Cairo's European and Egyptian administrators. Finally, it takes a closer look at the contents of today's Taylor-Schechter Genizah Collection at Cambridge University Library in an attempt to discover greater details about its exact provenance.
Istanbul's Jewish Bookstores: Monuments to a Bygone Era
Authors: Bali Rifat
Published: January 2018

In the Turkish cultural sphere there is very limited information available on the history of bookstores, although they are considered among the most important places of Istanbul’s cultural life. One can come across scraps of information either in recollections on Babıâli or in some memoirs devoted to the history of the rare books trade in Turkey. Traditionally the rare books trade and bookstores were mostly in the hands of Armenians, Greeks and Jews in the Ottoman Empire and early Republican years. However there is not much information available on these dealers and store owners. Not holding broader information about the three Jewish bookstores studied in this article stems from such lack of information and documentation.
The Odessa Years: Shoshana Persitz and the Gamliel Library of Omanut Press (1918-1920)
Authors: Brener Ann
Published: January 2018

Shoshana Zlatopolsky Persitz (1893-1969) was only 24-years old when she founded Omanut Press in Moscow, 1917, during that brief but heady period of Jewish cultural renaissance following the February Revolution. The daughter of one of the wealthiest Jews in Russia, Shoshana originally created Omanut as a means of bringing world literature into the treasury of the Hebrew language, but when her four-year-old son Gamliel died, she introduced a series of picture-books for children named the “Gamliel Library” after her son. Forced to move several times over the course of the next few years, from Moscow to Odessa and from Odessa to Frankfurt am Main, Shoshana nevertheless succeeded in producing some of the most beautiful children’s books ever printed in Hebrew. But up till now, scholars have been unsure of where, exactly, the books were first printed: in Odessa sometime around 1918 – or in Frankfurt am Main several years later? Now, thanks to books newly discovered in the Library of Congress, we are able to say that at least six of the picture-books were in fact published for the first time in Odessa. This article focuses on the creation of these beautiful books and the story behind their publication.
Hebraica Catalogers and Cataloging Roles in North America: Today and Tomorrow
Authors: Lerner Heidi
Published: January 2018

This study looks at current workflows, practices and preparations for the future among North American Hebraica catalogers in academic, government and other special libraries and archives, The survey explores the demographics of the Hebraica cataloging community. Questions were asked about what types of materials this group processes, workplace responsibilities, and metadata practices and trends. The author was very interested to know what steps and types of training Hebraica catalogers are undertaking to learn about new technologies and tools being developed to describe bibliographic and digital resources.
Moyshe Levin (Ber Sarin) of Yung-Vilne and His Solo Publishing Venture for Children
Authors: Berger Shulamith
Published: January 2018

Moshe [Moyshe] Levin, talented author and artist, was better known by his pseudonym Ber Sarin, the pen name he used when he wrote short Yiddish books in rhyme for children who were just beginning to read. He wrote the lively texts, illustrated them in color and black and white, and self-published many of them in Vilnius (Vilna) Lithuania in the 1930s. The books were popular and successful with teachers and children. He was a graduate of the Vladimir Medem Teachers’ Seminary, a teacher in the TSYSHO school system, and a member of Yung-Vilne .2017 is the 75th anniversary of Levin’s murder at the hands of the Nazis. Levin left behind a wife and daughter who also perished during the Holocaust. Levin’s literary legacy, the books themselves, survived in limited numbers in only a handful of libraries; some are now available on the web. This article includes a brief biography of Moshe ]Moyshe] Levin (Ber Sarin), an overview and discussion of his work for children, information on the current whereabouts of his works, and a bibliography with brief annotations of the works the author was able to view.
Intellectual Housewives, Journalism, and Anglophone Nationalism in Cameroon, 1961–1972
Authors: Tchouta Mougoué Jacqueline-Bethel
Published: January 2018

This article argues that female journalists used their advice columns in the West Cameroon State to maintain Anglophone Cameroonian cultural identity and unity from 1961 to 1972. As public intellectuals, they sought to regulate women’s behaviors in order to preserve and redefine ideas of Anglophone Cameroonian political identity as well as concepts about gender norms and cultural values. From this position, they urged women to follow what they deemed suitable African cultural values and to join women’s organizations. At the same time, they endeavored to protect what they imagined as a unified Anglophone cultural identity within a hegemonic Francophone republic. By applauding the activities of female political elites, they directly advocated for Anglophone Cameroonian political identity and autonomy. Yet through all of this they emphasized they were mere housewives, strategically suppressing their roles as public intellectuals and thereby making themselves less politically threatening to their readers, communities, and the patriarchal state.
Heritability estimates of egg weight and egg shell weight in Ikenne, Nigeria
Authors: John-Jaja Sylvia , Abdullah Abdur-Rahman , Nwokolo Samuel
Published: January 2018

This study is designed to determine the inheritance pattern of egg weight and egg shell weight of exotic laying chickens at 25, 51, 72 weeks and overall mean ages of the birds. For this purpose, thirty eggs were collected daily from the birds continuously for five days of egg production, at each ages 25, 51 and 72 weeks. The total number of eggs collected at each age was 150 and 450 for the total of three age periods. The mean values of egg weight and egg shell weight revealed an apparent increase from 25-72 weeks of age with their corresponding overall mean values. The least square means of egg shell weight at different age groups are significantly different at (P<0.01) while egg weight was significantly the same since egg shell weight depends on age variance for adequate performance. Statistical analytical system was used to obtain the variance components for the estimation of heritability. High and moderate heritability estimates were obtained when the age variance were included in the computation at different age groups for both traits while high, moderate and low estimates were obtained when the age variances were excluded. The heritability estimates from different egg quality traits were low to high. Since egg weight yielded high estimates at various age groups, the low and moderate heritability estimates recorded for egg shell weight imply that collection of additional records and improvement of non-genetic factors influencing the trait will improve the accuracy of characterizing the inherent ability of the birds.
Construction of the national state and the institutionalization processes of the modern Hungarian secondary school teacher training system
Authors: Garai Imre , Németh András
Published: January 2018

In our paper we intend to analyse the development process of the secondary teachers’ professionalization. By examining archival and secondary sources, we found that the professionalization process of the secondary teachers in Central-Eastern Europe (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) followed the French and the German patterns. Furthermore, the political elite used different elements of these patterns in order to be able to implement the European reforms into the national level. Therefore, we would say that the implementation process in this area was a kind of «reflexion» which was necessary to adjust the modernisation influences to their social and economic conditions. However, the study also concerns developing processes of the modern science of education and pedagogy and the forming processes of modern national states. After analysing our sources, we were convinced of the need to direct our focus to these questions. Both of them played decisive role in the professionalization process. Different steps of the formation of the modern national state boosted the development of teacher professions by adopting new regulations or laws. Changes of the state and the society also facilitated the transformation of universities and teacher training institutes. These aspects clearly could be seen in the development of the Hungarian secondary teacher profession in the second half of the 19th century.
L’assistenza all’infanzia a Reggio Emilia: origini e trasformazioni tra Otto e Novecento
Authors: Raimondo Rossella
Published: January 2018

The aim of this article is to reconstruct the evolution in the type of interventions and childcare models adopted by the institutions charged with caring for orphans in 18th- and 19th-century Reggio Emilia, Italy. Through analysis of the documents – some previously unseen – preserved at the archives of ASP Reggio Emilia Città delle Persone and Polo Archivistico Comunale, it is possible to understand how the city of Reggio Emilia adapted itself to the developing needs of its wards, and social, legislative and especially educational changes, seeking to go beyond the isolatory and custodial spirit that characterised life within orphanages until the end of the 19th century. The history of the local institutions intertwines with that of the national processes and changes which revolutionised the traditional concept of «institute». The monolithic, centuries-old and obsolete «orphanage» gave way to care within the community (1962), founded on the principles of protection, promotion and education of individuals. The stories of these individuals that emerge from the personal records and material analysed enable us to broaden our gaze on the reconstruction of institutional history, starting from a more internal perspective and focusing on the «subjectivity» of those in need of basic care. Such personal histories enable us to not only to understand the peculiarities of the various «cases», but also their living conditions, and the ways in which care, and at the same time education, was provided.