bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS OF MESOPOROUS TITANIA BY POTATO STARCH TEMPLATED SOL-GEL REACTIONS AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Budi Canggih Setya , Kartini Indriana , Rusdiarso Bambang
Published: January 2019

Mesoporous titania powders with high-order crystalline building blocks had been synthesized through the sol-gel process using potato starch gel template. Internal spongelike pore structure of starch gel template was generated by heating the starch granules at 95 °C in water solution and freezing the starch gel at -15 °C. The synthesis routes were performed by immersing the starch gel template for 4 days into the white colloidal solution of TiO2 nanoparticles, which were prepared by hydrolyzing titanium (IV) tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in ethanol at pH 1. Mesoporous TiO2 powders were obtained by two different ways of template removal, performed by calcination of the TiO2-starch composites at 600 °C for 4 h or combination of extraction with ethanol-HCl (2:1) at 80 °C and calcination at 500 °C for 4 h. Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) spectra shows both of template removal methods result in decreasing of characteristic vibrational band of the starch hydrocarbon on the resulted TiO2 powders. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern imply that the concentrations of starch gel template influence the anatase crystallite peaks intensity of the synthesized TiO2 powders. TiO2 templated by 20% of starch sponges gel has highest intensity of anatase crystallite. Scherrer calculation inidicated that anatase particle size has nanoscale dimmension up to 12.96 nm. The nano-architecture feature of mesoporous TiO2 scaffolds was also evaluated by the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It is shown that mesoporous TiO2 framework consist of nanocrystalline TiO2 particles as buiding blocks. The N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm curves assign that TiO2 powder resulted from extraction-calcination route has higher mesoporosity than that of only calcinated. The synthesized mesoporous TiO2 powder exhibits high Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) specific surface area up to 65.65 m2/g.   Keywords: mesoporous TiO2, potato starch, template
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MESOPOROUS ALUMINOSILICATES Al-MCM-41 AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS THERMAL, HYDROTHERMAL AND ACIDITY STABILITY
Authors: Suyanta Suyanta , Narsito Narsito , Wahyuni Endang Tri , Triyono Triyono
Published: January 2019

The synthesis and characterization of mesoporous aluminosilicates Al-MCM-41 and the investigation of its thermal, hydrothermal and acidity stability have been done. Al-MCM-41 were synthesized by hydrothermal method to the mixture of sodium silicate as Si source, aluminium hydroxide as Al source, sodium hydroxide as a solvent, and cethyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) as structure directing agent. The reaction were carried out in alkaline condition (pH = 10.2) at 383 K for about 24 h, followed by calcination at 723 K for about 10 h. The synthesized crystals were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and N2 fisisorption methods. The result showed that Al-MCM-41 sample with hexagonal structure was formed, it has a good in thermal and acid stability, but the structure disintegrated in an alkaline solution (pH = 10) and in boiled water.   Keywords: synthesis, characterization, Al-MCM-41, stability
ALKYLARYLKETONE HOMOLOGOUS SERIES FOR DETERMINATION OF KOVATS RETENTION INDICES WITH RP-HPLC USING ACETONITRILE/WATER SYSTEM
Authors: Idroes Rinaldi
Published: January 2019

Some factors such as the changes of the stationary phase, temperature, pH-value, mobile-phase composition and flow rate play a crucial role in effecting the sensitivity of retention times in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. Utilizing a retention index system is one of the methods to minimize those effects. Besides the mentioned factors, dead-time influences on determining the retention index as well. In comparison with Gas Chromatography (GC), the retention Index determination method in HPLC is still widely discussed, due to the difficulty of utilizing n-alkane as standard. In addition, the solutes in HPLC interact with the mobile-phase, thus the retention behavior also depend on the mobile-phase. Actually, It is difficult to use n-alkanes in HPLC as standards in case of some considerable problems, due to they are very non polar but also large retention times which lack of chromophores. Therefore, using n-alkane in routine analysis could be inconvenient. In comparison with n-alkanes, the alkylarylketones homologous series are stable compounds, commercially available and easily detected by a UV detector. This paper introduces Determination of Kovats Retention Index in the HPLC using Alkylarylketone homologous series and then is connected with n-alkane as a frame of reference. Steroids were used as test substance for calculating Kovats retention index values in acetonitrile/water system.   Keywords: Kovats Retention Index, RP- HPLC, n-alkane, alkylarylketone
SEPARATION OF Fe (III), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), AND Pb(II) METAL IONS USING POLY(EUGENYL OXYACETIC ACID) AS AN ION CARRIER BY A LIQUID MEMBRANE TRANSPORT METHOD
Authors: Harimu La , Matsjeh Sabirin , Siswanta Dwi , Santosa Sri Juari
Published: January 2019

Fe (III), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Pb(II)  metal ions had been separated using poly(eugenyl oxyacetic acid) as an ion carrier by bulk liquid membrane transport method. The effect of pH, polyeugenyl oxyacetic acid ion carrier concentration, nitric acid concentration in the stripping solution, transport time, and metal concentration were optimized. The result showed that the optimum condition for transport of metal ions was at pH 4 for ion Fe(III) and at pH 5 for Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Pb(II) ions. The carrier volumes were optimum with concentration of 1 x 10-3 M at 7.5 mL for Cr(III), Cu (II),  Ni(II), Co(II) ions and at 8.5 mL for Fe(III) and Pb(II) ions. The concentration of HNO3 in stripping phase was optimum at 2 M for Fe(III) and Cu(II) ions, 1 M for Cr(III), Ni(II) and Co(II) ions, and 0.5 M for Pb(II) ion. The optimum transport times were 36 h for Fe(III) and Co(II) ions, and 48 h for Cr(III), Cu (II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) ions. The concentration of metal ions accurately transported were 2.5 x 10-4 M for Fe(III) and Cr(III) ions, and 1 M for Cu (II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Pb(II) ions. Compared to other metal ions the transport of Fe(III) was the highest with selectivity order of Fe(III) > Cr(III) > Pb(II) > Cu(II) > Ni(II) > Co(II). At optimum condition, Fe(III) ion was transported through the membrane at 46.46%.   Keywords: poly(eugenyl oxyacetic acid), transport, liquid membrane, Fe (III), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Pb(II) ions
MATARANINE A AND B: A NEW DIASTOMERIC INDOLE ALKALOID FROM Alstonia scholaris R.Br. OF LOMBOK ISLAND
Authors: Hadi Surya
Published: January 2019

Alstonia scholaris R. Br., (Apocynaceae) is widely distributed in Indonesia and in Lombok Island, the plant locally known as ";lolon nita"; has been used to treat malaria. To locate potential bioactive compounds, acid-base extraction was carried out. From the base fraction, two new indole alkaloids with diastomeric structure, named Mataranine A and B, were isolated. The structures of the two alkaloids were elucidated on the basis of UV, NMR and mass spectral data.   Keywords: alkaloids, Alstonia scholaris, Lombok, mataranine
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF FRIEDELIN [2, 3-d] SELENADIAZOLE
Authors: Parveen Mehtab , Mehdi Sayed Hasan , Ghalib Raza Murad , Alam Mahboob , Hashim Rokiah , Sulaiman Othman
Published: January 2019

The new 1, 2, 3, selenadiazole derivative (3) was prepared from friedelin (1) via the corresponding semicarbazone (2) using Lalezari cyclization. The compounds were prepared, separated and characterized on the basis of microanalysis and spectral studies. The isolated friedelin and its selenadiazole were screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activities against various pathogenic bacterial were found to be highly active against all the selected pathogens. Compound 3 showed an inhibition zone of 14 mm and 12 mm respectively against highly resistant S. albus and C. albicans. A general mechanistic scheme for these reactions is also suggested based on current and previous results.   Keywords: Friedelin, semicarbazone, ketomethylene, cyclization, selenadiazole
THE ISOTHERMIC ADSORPTION OF Pb(II), Cu(II) AND Cd(II) IONS ON Nannochloropsis sp ENCAPSULATED BY SILICA AQUAGEL
Authors: Sembiring Zipora , Buhani Buhani , Suharso Suharso , Sumadi Sumadi
Published: January 2019

The research on the adsorption process of metal ions of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) on Nannochloropsis sp biomass encapsulated by silica aquagel has successfully been done. The research was carried out in a series of experiments using batch method to obtain the capacity and adsorption energy values of the metal ions. The analysis of metal contents was done by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that the adsorption capacities of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions were 322.58; 0.033 and 0.0322 mmole/g adsorbent, respectively, at 27 °C and contact time of 30 min. The interaction between Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions and Nannochloropsis sp biomass encapsulated by silica aquagel is chemical interaction with the adsorption energy in the range of 20.55 - 22.70 kJ/mole.   Keywords: adsorption, Nannochlorosis sp, encapsulated, silica aquagel
THERMO-RESPONSIVE HYDROGEL OF POLI VINYL ALCOHOL (PVA) - CO- N- ISOPROPYL ACRYLAMIDE (NIPAAM) PREPARED BY – RADIATION AS A MATRIX PUMPING/ON-OFF SYSTEM
Authors: Erizal Erizal , Rahayu C Rahayu C
Published: January 2019

Interpenetrating networks (IPN) crosslinked polymer of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing copolymer N-isopropylacryalmide (NIPAAm) were fabricated by radiation technique and characterized in terms of their aqueous swelling and critical behaviour. The influence of irradiation dose (> 10 kGy) and PVA concentration (5-15%wt ) on the gel fraction and swelling properties were investigated. With an increase of -γ irradiation dosage, the gel fraction of hydrogels was inclined to increase but the swelling behaviour decreased markedly. The incorporation of PVA into NIPAAm by irradiation led a significant increase in swelling capability when comparing to the pure homopolymer (NIPAAm) hydrogels. In addition, the shrinking rate upon heating was significantly improved if the PVA content in poly(PVA-co-NIPAAm) hydrogels was less than 15% wt%. at temperature exceeding the collapsed transition point, all copolymer gels collapsed to a state of nearly complete dehydration. Based on its swelling-deswelling properties in the repeated application, the hydrogels are stable and showed a behaviour as matrix pumping system/on-off. The hydrogels would have potential applications in chemistry, pharmacy, and health care purposes.   Keywords: Hydrogel, PVA, Nipaam, radiation, swelling,LCST.
SYNTHESIS OF 4-ALLYL-2-METHOXY-6-AMINOPHENOL FROM NATURAL EUGENOL
Authors: Sudarma I Made , Ulfa Maria , Sarkono Sarkono
Published: January 2019

The aim of this preliminary research was to synthesize derivatives of eugenol such as 4-allyl-2-methoxy-6-nitrophenol (2) and 4-allyl-2-methoxy-6-aminophenol (3). The result could be used as a reference on the transformation of eugenol to its derivatives. Theoriticaly nitration of eugenol (1) by nitric acid could produced 4-allyl-2-methoxy-6-nitrophenol (2) and followed by reduction could achieved 4-allyl-2-mehtoxy-6-aminophenol (3). The formation of this product was analyzed by analytical thin layer chromatography (TLC) and GC-MS. These analysis showed the formation of product (2) and (3) were visible. TLC showed product (1) less polar than eugenol and gave orange colour, and supported by GC-MS which showed molecular ion at m/z 209 due to the presence of -NO2 by replacing one H at 6 position of eugenol. Product (3) was afforded by reduction of (2) with Sn/HCl and tlc analysis showed compound (3) more polar than eugenol (1) and (2) and supported by GC-MS which showed molecular ion at m/z 179 due to the presence of -NH2.   Keywords: Synthesis, 4-allyl-2-methoxy-6-aminophenol, Eugenol
CHITINASE AND CHITINOLYTIC MICROORGANISM : ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND POTENTIAL
Authors: Herdyastuti Nuniek , Raharjo Tri Joko , Mudasir Mudasir , Matsjeh Sabirin
Published: January 2019

Chitinase is enzyme that hydrolyzes chitin, a polimer of b-1,4-N-Acetilglucosamine which is the most abundant natural resource after cellulose. Chitinolytic microorganism can be found in  environment like soil and water that contain chitin, or in extreme environment which is known as thermofilic microorganism. Chitinolytic microorganism is identified by recognizing the morphological and physiological properties based on Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The sequence data of the 16S rRNA genes is determinated in the GeneBank nucleotide sequence database. Chitinase activity can be qualitatively determined from the clearance zone around the colony formed in agar medium containing colloidal chitin. Chitinase can be utilized as biocontrol agent and derivate chitin as the result of chitinase degradation which can be used in the fieltd of health, food, industry and waste management   Keywords: Biocontrol, chitin, chitinase,  chitinolytic microorganism
C-15 ACETOGENINS FROM THE MARINE ALGA Chondria
Authors: Ola Antonius R.B. , Bowden Bruce F.
Published: January 2019

(-) Z-Pinnatifidenyne, a novel C-15 acetogenin has been isolated along with the known compound (+)-3Z,6R,7R-obtusenyne and (+) (3Z)-laurenyne from the Australian red alga Chondria armata. The structures of the compounds were elucidated based on spectral data analysis including 2D NMR spectroscopic experiment.   Keywords: Chondria armata, C-15 acetogenin, 2D NMR
SYNTHESIS OF SOME CINNAMIC ACID DERIVATIVES: EFFECT OF GROUPS ATTACHED ON AROMATIC RING TO THE REACTIVITY OF BENZALDEHYDE
Authors: Rudyanto Marcellino , Hartanti Lanny
Published: January 2019

Synthesis of cinnamic acid and its six derivatives has been done by employing Knoevenagel reaction. Benzaldehyde, 4-butylbenzaldehyde, 4-t-butylbenzaldehyde, 4-butoxybenzaldehyde, 4-phenylbenzaldehyde, 5-bromo-2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, and 5-bromo-2,3-dimethoxybenzaldehyde were reacted with malonic acid in pyridine – piperidine to give cinnamic acid (85,3%), 4-butylcinnamic acid (69,3%), 4-t-butylcinnamic acid (77,7%), 4-butoxycinnamic acid (64,5%), 4-phenylcinnamic acid (65,5%), 5-bromo-2,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (53,2%) and 5-bromo-2,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (57,2%), respectively. It was disclosed that 4-alkyl, 4-alkoxy, 4-aryl, dan 2-alkoxy groups decrease the reactivity of carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde.   Keywords: cinnamic acid, cinnamic acid derivatives, Knoevenagel reaction
RESVERATROL DIMERS FROM STEM BARK OF Hopea gregaria AND THEIR CYTOTOXIC PROPERTIES
Authors: Sahidin Sahidin , Hakim Euis Holisotan , Syah Yana Maolana , Juliawaty Lia Dewi , Achmad Sjamsul Arifin , Bin Din Laily , Latip Jalifah
Published: January 2019

Six resveratrol dimers have been isolated from the stem bark of H. gregaria, ampelopsin A (1), balanocarpol (2), ε-viniferin (3), hopeafuran (4), heimiol A (5), and parviflorol (6). The structures of these compounds were determined based on spectroscopic evidence such as UV, IR, 1-D, 2-D NMR and comparison with the reported data. These compound inventions are strengthen conclusion that Hopea tends to produce resveratrol dimers. Biological activity of those compounds against murine leukemia P-388 cells showed that ε-viniferin (3) is the most active compound with IC50 value 5.1 ± 0.3 μg/mL.   Keywords: H. gregaria, resveratrol dimers, murine leukemia P-388 cells
ANALYSIS AND IDENTIFICATION SPIKING CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS RELATED TO CHEMICAL WEAPON CONVENTION IN UNKNOWN WATER SAMPLES USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY ELECTRON IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: Budiman Harry
Published: January 2019

The identification and analysis of chemical warfare agents and their degradation products is one of important component for the implementation of the convention. Nowadays, the analytical method for determination chemical warfare agent and their degradation products has been developing and improving. In order to get the sufficient analytical data as recommended by OPCW especially in Proficiency Testing, the spiking chemical compounds related to Chemical Weapon Convention in unknown water sample were determined using two different techniques such as gas chromatography and gas chromatography electron-impact ionization mass spectrometry. Neutral organic extraction, pH 11 organic extraction, cation exchanged-methylation, triethylamine/methanol-silylation were performed to extract the chemical warfare agents from the sample, before analyzing with gas chromatography. The identification of chemical warfare agents was carried out by comparing the mass spectrum of chemicals with mass spectrum reference from the OPCW Central Analytical Database (OCAD) library while the retention indices calculation obtained from gas chromatography analysis was used to get the confirmation and supported data of  the chemical warfare agents. Diisopropyl methylphosphonate, 2,2-diphenyl-2-hydroacetic acid and 3-quinuclidinol were found in unknown water sample. Those chemicals were classified in schedule 2 as precursor or reactant of chemical weapons compound in schedule list of Chemical Weapon Convention.   Keywords: gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, retention indices, OCAD library, chemical warfare agents
THE SULFONATION STUDY OF REACTION MECHANISM ON PAPAVERINE ALKALOID BY GC-MS AND FT-IR
Authors: Sudarma I Made
Published: January 2019

The aim of this research was to prove theoretical mechanism reaction on the sulfonation of papaverine alkaloid and the result could be used as a reference on the transformation of these alkaloid to the other derivatives. Theoriticaly sulfonation of papaverine (1) by HO-SO2Cl could produced papaverine sulfonyl chloride (1a). The formation of this product was analyzed by analytical thin layer chromatography GC-MS, and FT-IR. These analysis showed the formation of product (1a) more favorable than the other. Tlc showed product (1a) less polar than papaverine, and supported by GC-MS and infrared which showed molecular ion at m/z 412 due to the presence of -SO2Cl and vibration at 1153,4 dan 1265,2 Cm-1 due to absorption of sulfonyl group.   Keywords: reaction mechanism, sulfonation, papaverine alkaloid.
DISTRIBUTION OF SURFACTANT AND PHENOL IN COASTAL WATERS OF JAKARTA GULF
Authors: Winarno Ermin K. , Andayani Winarti , Sumartono Agustin
Published: January 2019

The investigation of the anionic surfactant and phenol contamination in sea water of Jakarta Gulf was carried out. The sea water samples in Jakarta Gulf were collected in May 2004 at 21 stations (sampling sites). The monitoring results indicated that the anionic surfactants were detected in sea water samples from 20 stations with the low varied level from 0.276 mg/L to 0.779 mg/L. The anionic surfactant at the station 21 was detected with the highest value, it was 1.202 mg/L. The phenol pollutants in sea water samples from 16 stations were detected with higher level than permitted concentration for sea water, while the samples from 5 stations were not detected. The phenol concentration in sea water samples were varied from 0.009 mg/L to 1.364 mg/L.   Keywords: distribution, surfactant, phenol, Jakarta Gulf
EXTRACTION AND SPECIATION OF CHROMIUM(VI) AND CHROMIUM(III) AS ION-ASSOCIATION COMPLEXES OF TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM-CHROMATE
Authors: Wandoyo Valencia Widiyaningrum , Mudasir Mudasir , Roto Roto
Published: January 2019

A specific, selective and simple method for speciation of chromium(VI) and chromium(III) has been developed. This method is based on the quantitative extraction of chromium(VI) and chromium(III) as an ion association of tetramethylammonium-chromate in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), followed by back extraction and preconcentration with an acidic diphenylcarbazide (DPC) solution. Back extraction was applied to achieve further preconcentration by a final factor of 20. The chromium(VI)-DPC complex was determined by a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The optimum conditions of this method are as follows, optimum wavelength at 545 nm, MIBK as organic solvent, 7.5 mL of nitric acid (65%) for each 100 mL sample, mole ratio of TMAC to Cr(VI) of 2x104:1, 5 min shaking time, mole ratio of DPC to chromium(VI) of 8:1, and immediate UV-Vis measurement after obtaining of back-extract. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range 0.00-0.40 µg.mL-1 of chromium(VI) with a regression equation of Abs=0.0038+1.7427x, in which x was the chromium species concentration ( µg.mL-1). The correlation coefficient (r) for the curve was 0.9991 and the detection limit was found to be 0.946 µg.mL-1. The result of analysis and speciation of chromium in water samples from a river near a leather processing plant in Yogyakarta area showed that the total content of chromium was in the range of 0.04 - 0.05 µg.mL-1 consisting of 0.03 - 0.04 µg.mL-1 of chromium(VI) and 0.002 - 0.01 µg.mL-1 of chromium(III). This result indicates that the concentration of chromium in the river is still below the safety limit.   Keywords: extraction, speciation, chromium, preconcentration, ion-association, tetramethylammonium
THE EFFECT OF PVC-BASED MEMBRANE COMPOSITION AND Zn(II), Cd(II) AND Pb(II) INTERFERING IONS TO Hg(II) ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE (ISE) PERFORMANCE BY USING DBA218C6 IONOPHORE
Authors: Wahab Abd. Wahid
Published: January 2019

The effect of PVC (Polyvinylchloride)-Based Membrane Composition to Ion Selective Electrode (ISE)-Hg(II) Performance using Ionophore DBA218C6 (N,N'-Dibenzyl-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclo octadecane),  Plasticizer NPOE (Nitrophenyl Octhyl Ether), Anionic Site KTCPB (Potassium Tetrakis (4-chloro phenyl) borate) have been performed. Membrane compositions used were:(a) PVC (30 mg), NPOE (60 mg), DBA218C6(6 mg) and KTCPB (4 mg); (b) PVC(30 mg), NPOE (60 mg), DBA218C6(7 mg) and KTCPB (3 mg); (c) PVC (30 mg), NPOE (59 mg), DBA218C6 (8 mg) and KTCPB( 3 mg). The concentration range of interference ions Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II)  were 1.0 x 10-3 - 1.0 x 10-1 M. ISE-Hg(II) performance for membrane composition of 30 : 60 : 6 : 4 was 26.34 mV per decade (Nernstian Slope value) on Hg(II) concentration range of 1.0x10-6 - 1.0 x 10-1 M , membrane composition of 30 : 60 : 7 : 3 was 27.71 mV per decade on Hg(II) concentration range of 1.0 x10-6 - 1.0 x10-1 M, and membrane composition of 30 : 59 : 8 : 3 was 28.52 mV per decade on Hg(II) concentration range of  1.0 x10-6 - 1.0 x10-1 M with activity between pH 1.0-3.0. The concentration of interference ions : Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) in the range of 1.0 x 10-3 - 1.0 x 10-1 M with the ratio of the primary ion to interference ions of 4 : 1 gave real effect. As results, selectivities and sensitivities between ISE-Hg(II) and Ionophore DBA218C6 could be determined by PVC-Based Membrane Composition and the effect of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II)  interference ions was observed in the concentration of 1,0 x10-3 - 1,0 x10-1 M.   Keywords: membrane composition effect, ionophore DBA218C6, ISE-Hg(II)
THE INFLUENCE OF pH TOWARDS MULTIPLE METAL ION ADSORPTION OF Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), AND Fe(II) ON HUMIC ACID
Authors: Buhani Buhani , Suharso Suharso
Published: January 2019

Multiple metal ions adsorption of Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II) and Fe(II) on humic acid with a batch method has been carried out at pH interaction of 3, 5, and 6. Concentration of metal ions in solution before and after interaction was analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Result showed that adsorption multiple metal ions of Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), and Fe(II) on humic acid is optimum at pH 5. Adsorption energies of the multiple metal ions Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), and Fe(II) on humic acid at pH 3, 5, and 6 are around 35.0 - 37.6 kJ/mole. In general, capacity of competition adsorption of the multiple metal ions has an order as follows; Cu(II) < Fe(II) < Zn(II) < Mn(II).   Keywords: Humic acid, adsorption, multiple metal
ANTHRAQUINONE FROM THALLUS OF LICHEN Ramalina javanica Nyl
Authors: Suyanto Suyanto , Suwarso Wahyudi Priyono , Kosela Soleh , Suwito Hery , Pudjiastuti Pratiwi , Winiati Sri , Saidi Nurdin
Published: January 2019

The isolation of 1,3,8- trihydroxy-2(1'-pentanol)-6-methoxy anthraquinone from acetone extract of lichen thallus of Ramalina javanica Nyl. was carried out. Its structure was determined based on spectroscopic evidences.   Keywords: Ramalina javanica Nyl., anthraquinone
THE INFLUENCE OF THE EXTRACTION TEMPERATURE ON THE RENDEMENT AND PECTIN METHOXYL CONTENTS OF WATERHYACINTH (Eichornia crassipes (Mart) Solms)
Authors: Daniarsari Ika , Hidajati Nurul
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this research is to find out the influence of the extraction temperature on the rendement and pectin methoxyl contents of waterhyacinth with the applied temperatures ranged from 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 °C.The stages of this research involve extraction, precipitation, washing and drying. The pectin produced was, then, identified by reacting it with water, ethanol 96 %, NaOH and spectrophotometer IR. Its product was, then, compared to the comparing pectin. To determine the methoxyl contents, the acid - base titration was used. The resulting data were analysed and tested using One Direction Anava with SPSS 10.0 program. From the quantitative used by this study, pectin was produced. This is shown by the gel-formation. The rendements produced with the extraction temperatures of 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 °C were 0,428 %; 0,487 %; 0,629 %; 0,774 % and 0,958% respectively. While its methoxyl contents were 3,879 %; 3,993 %; 4,413 %; 3,573 % and 2,837 %. Based on the analysed data, it was found that the treatment with the extraction temperature gives a significant influence on the rendement and pectin methoxyl contents of waterhyacinth. Keywords: extraction, pectin, methoxyl contents
THE USE OF FLY ASH AND ZEOLITE MIXTURE AS BACKFILL MATERIAL IN THE RADIOACTIVE WASTE REPOSITORY
Authors: Poernomo Herry , Kundari Noor Anis , W Burhani J
Published: January 2019

An investigation of the contribution of fly ash in the fly ash-zeolite mixture as the backfill material on the shallow land burial of radioactive waste has been done. The experiment objective is to know the effect of zeolite particle size and fly ash-zeolite weight ratio on physical properties such as permeability (K) and dispersion characteristic such as effective dispersion coefficient (De) in the fly ash-zeolite form as backfill material. The experiment was carried out by the fixed bed method in the column filled by the fly ash-zeolite mixture with a fly ash-to-zeolite weight percent ratio of 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, 20/80, 0/100 in the water saturated condition flown by uranyl nitrate solution at concentration (Co) of 500 ppm. The concentration of uranium in the effluents in interval 15 minutes represented as Ct was analyzed by spectrophotometer, then using Co and Ct, data effective dispersion coefficient (De) in the backfill material were determined. The experiment data showed that -400 mesh fly ash and -70+80 mesh zeolite on fly ash-to-zeolite with weight percent ratio of 40/60 with K = 5.00x10-5cm/second and De = 1.11.10-5 cm2/second can be used as backfill material. Keywords: backfill material, fly ash, radioactive waste, zeolite
DPPH FREE RADICAL SCAVENGER ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOID FROM THE LEAVES OF FERN Chingia sakayensis (Zeiller) Holtt
Authors: Suyatno Suyatno , Zaini Noor Cholies , Tori Motoo
Published: January 2019

A flavonoid compound in flavonol type namely kaemferol was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol extract of the fern Chingia sakayensis (Zeiller) Holtt's leaves. The DPPH free radical scavenger activity of kaemferol was stronger than buthyl hyroxy toluene (BHT) but it was weaker than ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and -tocopherol (vitamin E).   Keywords: Chingia sakayensis, kaemferol, DPPH free radical scavenger activity
INTERACTION OF IRON(II) MIXED-LIGAND COMPLEXES WITH DNA: BASE-PAIR SPECIFICITY AND THERMAL DENATURATION STUDIES
Authors: Mudasir Mudasir , Wijaya Karna , Wahyuni Endang Tri , Inoue Hidenari
Published: January 2019

A research about base-pair specificity of the DNA binding of [Fe(phen)3]2+, [Fe(phen)2(dip)]2+ and [Fe(phen)(dip)2]2+ complexes and the effect of calf-thymus DNA (ct-DNA) binding of these metal complexes on thermal denaturation of ct-DNA has been carried out. This research is intended to evaluate the preferential binding of the complexes to the sequence of DNA (A-T or G-C sequence) and to investigate the binding strength and mode upon their interaction with DNA. Base-pair specificity of the DNA binding of the complexes was determined by comparing the equilibrium binding constant (Kb) of each complex to polysynthetic DNA that contain only A-T or G-C sequence. The Kb value of the interaction was determined by spectrophotometric titration and thermal denaturation temperature (Tm) was determined by monitoring the absorbance of the mixture solution of each complex and ct-DNA at λ =260 nm as temperature was elevated in the range of 25 - 100 oC. Results of the study show that in general all iron(II) complexes studied exhibit a base-pair specificity in their DNA binding to prefer the relatively facile A-T sequence as compared to the G-C one. The thermal denaturation experiments have demonstrated that Fe(phen)3]2+ and [Fe(phen)2(dip)]2+ interact weakly with double helical DNA via electrostatic interaction as indicated by insignificant changes in melting temperature, whereas [Fe(phen)2(dip)]2+  most probably binds to DNA in mixed modes of interaction, i.e.: intercalation and electrostatic interaction. This conclusion is based on the fact that the binding of [Fe(phen)2(dip)]2+ to ct-DNA moderately increase the Tm value of ct- DNA   Keywords: DNA Binding, mixed-ligand complexes
SYNTHESIS OF NEW ACTIVATED INDOLES; 3-(4’-BROMOPHENYL)-4,6-DIMETHOXY-2-METHYLINDOLE
Authors: Wahyuningsih Tutik Dwi
Published: January 2019

3-(4'-Bromophenyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-2-methylindole has been synthesized from 4,6-dimethoxyaniline via the modified Bischler method. Reaction of 4,6-dimethoxyaniline with 2,4-dibromopropiophenone gave an aniline ketone in 85%, and then it was protected to give the amido ketone as a white solid. Cyclization of amido ketone was performed by trifluoroacetic acid and subsequent deprotection with potassium hydroxide in methanol afforded a white solid of 3-(4'-bromophenyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-2-methylindole in 86%.   Keywords: 4,6-dimethoxyaniline, 2-methylindole, Bischler method
ISOLATION OF AN ANTIFEEDANT TRITERPENOID FROM THE SEED OF Barringtonia asiatica
Authors: Pongoh Emma J , Rumampuk Rymond J , Tarigan Ponis , Herlt Anthony J , Mander Lewis N
Published: January 2019

An antifeedant triterpenoid saponin has been isolated from the seed of Barringtonia asiatica and its structure elucidated mainly by two dimensional NMR spectroscopy is identified as 3-O-{[β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyloxy}-22-O-[2-(E)-methyl-2-butenyloyloxy]-15, 16,28-trihydroxy-(3β,15α,16α,22α)-olean-12-ene. This compound showed antifeedant activity towards Epilachna sp larvae   Keywords: Barringtonia asiatica, saponin, antifeedant
A FLAVONOL COMPOUND FROM Chingia sakayensis (Zeiller) Holtt AND ITS ACTIVITY AS DPPH FREE RADICAL SCAVENGER
Authors: Suyatno Suyatno , Rukmaningsih Rukmaningsih , Zaini Noor Cholies , Tori Motoo
Published: January 2019

It has been separated a flavonol 3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxy flavone (kaemferol) from the methanol extract partitioned by ethyl acetate of the leaves of the fern Chingia sakayensis (Zeiller) Holtt. This was obtained as yellow crystals with m.p. 271-273oC. Characterization of its molecular structure was carried out by spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, 1H-NMR, HMQC, HMBC, 13C-NMR and FABMS). Kaemferol indicated the DPPH free radical scavenger activity in TLC autography.   Keywords: Chingia sakayensis (Zeiller) Holtt, flavone, kaemferol, DPPH free radical scavenger activity
SYNTHESIS OF SECONDARY ALCOHOL COMPOUNDS FROM SAFROLE AND METHYLEUGENOL
Authors: Sohilait Hanoch J , Sastrohamidjojo Hardjono , Matsjeh Sabirin
Published: January 2019

Synthesis of secondary alcohols compound from safrole and methyleugenol has been achieved through conversion of allyl group to alcohol.The reaction of safrole and methyleugenol with mercuric acetate in aqueous tetrahydrofuran, followed by in situ reduction of the mercurial intermediate by alkaline sodium borohydride produced secondary alcohol namely safryl alcohol (71.25%) and methyleugenil alcohol (65.56%). The structure elucidation of these products were analyzed by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS.   Keywords: Secondary alcohols; safrole; methyleugenol
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Cu (II) COMPLEXS WITH 1,4,8-TRIS(2-HIDROXYMETHIL)-11-METHYL-1,4,8,11-TETRAAZACYCLOTETRADECANE
Authors: Rahardjo Sentot Budi
Published: January 2019

Cu (II) complexs with 1,4,8-tris(2-hidroxymethyl)-11-methyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (L) have been synthesized with chemical formula of [CuL](ClO4) (experimental Cu = 32.7 %, H = 6.4%, theoritical Cu = 32.6 %, H = 6.4 %). Its magnetic moment of 1.90 BM indicated that the complexs is paramagnetic and there are no Cu-Cu bonding. This complexs is stable with the value of log k [CuL]2+ = 17.3(2). Visible spectra of [CuL]2+ showed that single wide peak at λmax of 628 nm (ε = 164 dm3.mol-1.cm-1) and indicated of E9 - T29 transition. The IR spectra and the conductancy data indicated that the ClO4 was not coordinated to Cu.   Keywords: tembaga (II), senyawa kompleks, paramagnetik
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MAIN AND SIDE PRODUCTS FROM ADDITION REACTION OF CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE BY FORMIC ACID
Authors: Muchalal M , Rahayu Trisulistyaningsih
Published: January 2019

Main and side products from reaction of caryophyllene oxide and formic acid have been isolated using column chromatography with silica gel 60 G as stationary phase and n-hexane : ethyl acetat (9:1, v/v) as mobile phase. The first and second fraction were analyzed using infrared spectrophotometer, gas chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Caryophyllene formiate as a main product was found in the first fraction. The side product that had been identified were 4,10,10-trimethyl-7-methylenebicyclo[6,2,0]decane-4-carbaldehyde, 2-(9-hydroxy-4,4,8 trimethyltricyclo[6,3,1,01,5]dodecyl)metanoate, clovanediol,4,11,11-trimethyl-8 methylene-3-bicyclo-[7,2,0]-undecen-5-ol,2,5-(6,10,10 imethyltricyclo[7,2,1,01,9]dodecyl)metanedioat, and derivative of caryophylleneformiate.   Keywords: Isolation, identification, caryophyllene oxide
EFFECT OF IMPREGNATION PROCEDURE OF Pt/γ-Al2O3 CATALYSTS UPON CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF CO
Authors: Triyono Triyono
Published: January 2019

The oxidation of carbon monoxide by oxygen using two catalysts prepared by two different methods has been investigated. In the first method, catalyst prepared by immersing γ-Al2O3 into the hexa-chloroplatinic acid solution at 80oC for 4 h, resulted Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst having platinum highly dispersed on the support. While that of immersing γ-Al2O3 in the hexa-chloroplatinic acid solution at room temperature for 12 h, produced Pt/ γ-Al2O3 catalyst where platinum dispersion was much lower. Catalytic activity test showed that platinum well dispersed on the support enhanced the activity of oxidation of carbon monoxide. The platinum impregnated at room temperature resulted in the poor activity.   Keyword: Catalyst, CO Oxidation, Platinum.
STUDY OF THERMAL AND ACID STABILITY OF BENTONITE CLAY
Authors: Wijaya Karna , Pratiwi Ani Setyo , Sudiono Sri , Nurahmi Emi
Published: January 2019

The thermal and acid stability of the bentonite clays (Na- and Ca-bentonite) have been tested. The thermal stability testing has been carried out by heating 5 gram of the clays  for five hours at 200, 300 and 500 °C respectively, meanwhile acid stability testing was performed by immersing 5 gram clays into 100 mL sulphuric acid 1M, 2M and 3M for 24 hours. The tested clays, then were characterized by means of X-Ray difractometry and IR-spectroscopy methods. The characterization results showed that upon heating, both Ca- and Na-bentonites indicated same thermal stability. However, upon acid treatment, Na-bentonite was found relatively stabiler and more resistance then Ca-bentonite.   Keywords: bentonite, clay, thermal stability, acid stability.
PRODUCTION OF 11 C-METHIONINE BY CYCLOTRON AVF JAERI
Authors: Hastini Sri
Published: January 2019

At the Takasaki-site of JAERI, an AVF cyclotron has been constructed for advanced radiation technology research. The cyclotron produces extracted beams particularly light and heavy ions of proton as well as deutron. Target chamber is available for production of 11CO2 a positron emitter radioisotope, by bombardment of proton from nitrogen gas as a target, by 14 N (p,a) 11C reaction. The use of incident energy on target was estimated to be 11 MeV for primary proton energy of 20 MeV and the beam current was 0,1 m A and the irradiation time was 10 minutes for production of 11CO2 and the yield was about 30 MBq (EOB)and for irradiation time 15 minutes and the beam current was 1 mA for production of 11C-Methionine, the yield was about 70 MBq (EOB). Remotely operated automatic and semiautomatic processing systems are used for the production of the 11 C-Methionine agent and the radiochemical purity of the product obtained was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with cation exchange column was LC 10 AD MERCK LICHROSPHER 100 RP-18 and the mobile phase was 10 mM ammonium phormmate, the mean of retention time was 1,815 minutes and the radiochemical purity to be more than 90 %. The product was used for plant studies and visualized by PETIS (Positron Emission Tracer Imaging System)   Keywords: cyclotron, Positron emitter, 11C-Methionine.
A ROBUST EIGHT–MEMBERED RING MOTIF IN THE HYDROGEN-BONDED STRUCTURE OF -(PHENYLAMINO)PYRIDINIUM- DI(METHANESULFONYL)AMIDATE
Authors: Wijaya Karna , Tahir Iqmal , Blaschette Armand , Mours Oliver , Jones Peter G
Published: January 2019

The compound was prepared by dissolving 2-(phenylamino)pyridine (0.52 g ; 3.0 mmol) and di(methanesulfonyl)amine (0.51 g; 3.0 mmol) in 5 mL methanol. Slow partial evaporation of the solvent at low tempertaure (-30 oC) gave a yield of 0.66 g (64%) and crystals suitable for X-ray study (m.p. 150-152 oC). The single crystal X-ray result showed that the crystal system was trikline with space group P. The crystal structure of the title compound 2-(phenylamino)pyridinium-di(methane-sulfonyl)amidate forms a robust antidromic ring motif type. The structure testifies to the persistence of the  in question, which was previously detected as a robust supramolecular synthon in 2-aminopyridinium di(benzenesulfonyl)amidate and in a series of onium di(methane-sulfonyl)amidates.   Keywords: supramolecule, hydrogen-bond
Synthesis of Chalcone and Flavanone Compound Using Raw Material of Acetophenone and Benzaldehyde Derivative
Authors: Ismiyarto Ismiyarto , Matsjeh Sabirin , Anwar Chairil
Published: January 2019

Synthesis of flavanoid compounds of chalcone and flavanone groups have been conducted. Flavanoid Is one of the group natural products which is mostly found in plants and have been proved to have physiological activity as drug. In this research, chalcone proup compounds that being synthesized are: chalcone, 3,4-dimethoxychalcone, 2'-hidroxy-3,4-dimethoxychalcone where as compound of flavanone group that being synthesized is 3',4'-dimethoxyflavanone. The synthesis of chalcone group are carried out based on Claisen-Schmidt reaction by using raw material of aromatic aldehydes and aromatic ketones. The synthesis in carried out by stirring at the room temperature using alkali solution as catalyst and ethanol as solvent. The synthesis of 3',4'-dimethoxyflanone is made based on the nucleophilic 1,4 addition of the unsaturated α,β ketone. The synthesis is made by refluxing 2'-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxychalcone in alkali condition for 12 hours. The identification of flavanoid compound is carried out by using spectroscopic IR, GC-MS and 1H-NMR methods. The result of each synthesis chalcone group are follows: chalcone as yellowish solid with m.p= 50 °C and the yield is 83.39%; 3,4-dimethoxychalcone as yellow solid with m.p= 57°C and the yield is 76.00% ; 2'-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxychalcone as orange solid with m.p= 90 °C and the yield is 74.29%, for 3',4'-dimethoxyflavanone as pale yellow solid with m.p= 80 °C and the yield is 72.00%.
Studies on Formation and Thermal Decomposition of Lead Hydride, PbH4
Authors: Narsito Narsito
Published: January 2019

In the present work, some fundamental aspects of the formation of gaseous lead hydride from aqueous solutions containing divalent lead ions (Pb2+) and its application in the atomic absorption spectrometric analysis lead has been investigated. By utilizing a peristaltic pump, an acidic solution of Pb2+ was first oxidized with ammonium peroxodisulphate, NH4S2O8, and followed by reduction with sodium tetrahydroborate, NaBH4. After a gas-liquid separation, the gaseous lead hydride produced was directly swept into an electrically heated open ended quartz tube, located at the light path of an atomic absorption spectrometer in order to have possibilities for specific atomic absorption spectroscopic measurements. The absorbance signals caused by lead atomic absorption could be used proportionally to estimate the density of atomic lead vapor produced in the thermal decomposition under investigation. Results showed that on-line pre-oxidation of the analyte is very important and crucial step in the gaseous hydride generation of lead, and no lead hydride was produced without the involvement of this step. Moreover, it was observed that the use of low major gas flows cannot be applied in quantitative atomic absorption spectrometric determination of lead by this technique. This condition may result in possible losses of the analyte atomic vapor due to metallic condensation.
Selectivity of an Active Natural Zeolite in Catalytic Conversion Process of Bangkirai, Kruing and Kamper Woods Biofuel to Gasoline Fraction
Authors: Trisunaryanti Wega
Published: January 2019

The selectivity of an active natural zeolite (ZAAH) in catalytic conversion process of Bangkirai, Kruing and Kamper woods biofuels has been studied. The ZAAH catalyst was prepared from a natural zeolite (ZA) treated with acids solution (1% HF and 6M HCI) and hydrothermal then calcined at 500 °C and oxidized at 400 °C under nitrogen and oxygen gas stream, respectively. Characterizations of the catalysts including Si/Al ratio and acidity were determined by atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS) and ammonia gas adsorption method, respectively. The conversion process was carried out in a flow reactor system at 400 °C, under N2 stream (20 mL/min). The biofuel was vaporized from the pyrolysis zone to the catalytic reactor. A liquid product was covered and analyzed by gas chromatograph (GC) and that connected with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The characterization results showed that the Si/AI ratio and acidity of the ZAAH were higher than that of the ZA catalyst. The GC-MS data showed that the highest product selectivity was 2,4-dimethyl heptane and 1,2-dimethyl benzene. The total product selectivity using the ZAAH catalyst (bangkirai = 68.10%; kruing = 54.76%; kamper = 50.72%) was higher than that of the ZA catalyst (bangkirai = 39.24%; kruing = 44.38%; kamper = 46.11%).
Effect of Residence Time of Graphitisation on Thermal Conductivity of Molded Graphite
Authors: Artsanti Pedy , Arryanto Yateman , Kusnanto Kusnanto
Published: January 2019

The effect of residence time of graphitisation on thermal conductivity of molded graphite has been examined. The examination has been conducted by varying residence time of graphitisation of molded carbon with petroleum coke as raw material and coal tar pitch. Graphitisation has been conducted by heating molded graphite at 2500 °C in argon atmosphere with residention time of 10, 30 and 90 minutes. Graphitisation degree, density, shrinking mass and porosity of molded graphite were examined and so was its thermal conductivity. The result showed that the decrease of porosity and the increase of graphitisation degree due to the increasing of residention time of graphitisation will increase the thermal conductivity of graphite. Molded graphite graphitisized with residence time for 90 minutes residention time gave thermal conductivity of 2.134 Watt/mK and graphitization degree 0.718.
Degradation of Blue KN-R Dye in Batik Effluent by an Advanced Oxidation Process Using a Combination of Ozonation and Hydrodynamic Cavitation
Authors: Karamah Eva Fathul , Nurcahyani Pristi Amalia
Published: January 2019

The popularity of batik has been increasing since it was declared as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2009. Correspondingly, the content of textile dyes in textile industry wastewater is also increased. These dyes contain functional groups which make them quite stable in the environment and causes pollution. In this work, degradation of 100 ppm Blue KN-R has been investigated using ozonation, hydrodynamic cavitation, and a combination of the two for 60 min. The three configuration methods were optimized in terms of different operating parameters, namely flowrate, initial pH and dosage of ozone, to obtain the maximum degradation of Blue KN-R. It was found that the highest decolorization level for a single method was 70.16% for the single ozonation process at pH 11 and 156.48 mg/h of ozone and 1.79% for the single hydrodynamic cavitation process at pH 4. The highest decolorization level was 79.39%, achieved by the combination at pH 11 and 156.48 mg/h of ozone. The mineralization level in the form of a percentage of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal by ozonation, hydrodynamic cavitation, and their combination was 14.81, 1.85, and 19.9%, respectively. Due to its better performance, degradation of Blue KN-R was conducted by the hybrid method for 120 min, resulting in 92.63% of decolorization and 24.54% of TOC removal. The degree of synergetic decolorization and mineralization was due to the mechanical and chemical effect of hydrodynamic cavitation in increasing ozone solubility and production of hydroxyl radicals. Degradation of batik effluent has been investigated in optimum conditions for 120 min. The color, COD, BOD, and TSS removal were 67.96, 68.72, 66.54, and 79.84%, respectively.
Adsorption of Ni(II) Ion onto Calcined Eggshells: A Study of Equilibrium Adsorption Isotherm
Authors: Kristianto Hans , Daulay Novitri , Arie Arenst Andreas
Published: January 2019

Adsorption is one of the most effective and economical method to treat heavy metals in water. In this study, we utilize waste chicken eggshells as biosorbent to adsorb Ni(II). Furthermore we study the effect of eggshell calcination on its adsorption performance. The effect of calcination on the characteristic of eggshell was observed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). It could be observed that CaCO3 in eggshell was converted into CaO, and from SEM images the calcined eggshell became more porous than the uncalcined one. The effect of various parameters such as initial Ni(II) solution pH and initial Ni(II) concentration was investigated using batch adsorption experiments. The data obtained then fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. The best pH for Ni(II) adsorption was found to be 6. From Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich, it was found that calcined eggshells gave 60 times higher maximum adsorption capacity then uncalcined one. This increase was possible due to more porous structure of calcined eggshells. The adsorption process was found to be exothermic and physisorption. This result was confirmed by the decrease of % removal with increase of temperature. Furthermore, Langmuir isotherm was found to be the best model, indicating adsorption of Ni(II) was monolayer adsorption on homogenous surface.