bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of drifts on the decay phase of SEP events
Authors: Wijsen N. , Aran A. , Sanahuja B. , Pomoell J. , Poedts S.
Published: January 2020

Aims. We study the effect of the magnetic gradient and curvature drifts on the pitch-angle dependent transport of solar energetic particles (SEPs) in the heliosphere, focussing on ∼3–36 MeV protons. By considering observers located at different positions in the heliosphere, we investigate how drifts may alter the measured intensity-time profiles and energy spectra. We focus on the decay phase of solar energetic proton events in which a temporal invariant spectrum and disappearing spatial intensity gradients are often observed; a phenomenon known as the “reservoir effect” or the “SEP flood”. We study the effects of drifts by propagating particles both in nominal and non-nominal solar wind conditions.

Methods. We used a three-dimensional (3D) particle transport model, solving the focused transport equation extended with the effect of particle drifts in the spatial term. Nominal Parker solar wind configurations of different speeds and a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generated solar wind containing a corotating interaction region (CIR) were considered. The latter configuration gives rise to a magnetic bottle structure, with one bottleneck at the Sun and the other at the CIR. We inject protons from a fixed source at 0.1 AU, the inner boundary of the MHD model.

Results. When the drift induced particle net-flux is zero, the modelled intensity-time profiles obtained at different radial distances along an IMF line show the same intensity fall-off after the prompt phase of the particle event, which is in accordance with the SEP flood phenomenon. However, observers magnetically connected close to the edges of the particle injection site can experience, as a result of drifts, a sudden drop in the intensities occurring at different times for different energies such that no SEP flood phenomenon is established. In the magnetic bottle structure, this effect is enhanced due to the presence of magnetic field gradients strengthening the nominal particle drifts. Moreover, anisotropies can be large for observers that only receive particles through drifts, illustrating the importance of pitch-angle dependent 3D particle modelling. We observe that interplanetary cross-field diffusion can mitigate the effects of particle drifts.

Conclusions. Particle drifts can substantially modify the decay phase of SEP events, especially if the solar wind contains compression regions or shock waves where the drifts are enhanced. This is, for example, the case for our CIR solar wind configuration generated with a 3D MHD model, where the effect of drifts is strong. A similar decay rate in different energy channels and for different observers requires the mitigation of the effect of drifts. One way to accomplish this is through interplanetary cross-field diffusion, suggesting thus a way to determine a minimum value for the cross-field diffusion strength.
Development of Purification Process Using Electrocoagulation Technique for Biodiesel Produced via Homogeneous Catalyzed Transesterification Process of Refined Palm Oil
Authors: Ampairojanawong Rossarin , Boripun Ajalaya , Ruankon Sayan , Suwanasri Thanapong , Kangsadan Tawiwan
Published: January 2020

This work is focused on the preliminary development of purification process using electrocoagulation technique for biodiesel produced via homogeneous catalyzed transesterification process of refined palm oil (RPO) to shorten the separation process and reduce the water consumption during the final purification with water-washing process. Biodiesel as Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were produced via transesterification reaction of RPO as feedstock with methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide derivative-catalyst at the optimal condition using conventional heating. Electrocoagulation separation process was in-house designed to investigate the effects of electrode configurations such as shapes, distances between electrodes and suitable applied AC high voltages (ranging from 1 to 9 kV) on the separation efficiency of glycerol and biodiesel. Results revealed that with the electrocoagulation process at room temperature using AC electrical current at high voltage of 3 kV (and low amperage) with a point to point electrode configuration and the vertical-distance between electrodes of 3 cm was very efficient and achieved higher free glycerol removal than using the conventional separation of the gravitational settling. Furthermore, the separation time was significantly shortened from typically > 24 h with the gravitational settling to 240 s (4 min) and the number of water-washing was reduced from 5 to 3 times during the final purification process. The final purity of biodiesel was 98.89%±0.25% with high quality according to standards of EN 14214 and ASTM D6751.
Influence of Packaging and Storage Conditions on the Quality and Shelf-life of Chewy Santol (Kraton-Yee) Candies
Authors: Renumarn Phanida , Choosuk Natthaya
Published: January 2020

In the present study, influence of two types packaging (inflated polypropylene (IPP) and laminated aluminium foil (ALU)) and storage conditions (with/without 1 g of silica desiccant packets (SDPs)) on quality and shelf life of chewy santol candies were studied. After storage at 25 degrees Celsius for 30 days, it was found that the combination of ALU with SDPs presented the best treatment to maintain the quality of colour, water activity (aw), moisture content, total acidity, pH value, sensory evaluation i.e. (colour, odour, flavour and overall acceptance). Shelf-life prediction by using accelerated Q10 method based on moisture factors as an indicator of deterioration of the samples during storage. The samples were incubated at 25, 35 and 45°C and sampled every 5 days for estimated on physical, chemical quality and microbiological change. The predicted shelf life of chewy santol candies at 25°C of IPP and ALU packaging with SDPs using Q10 method were 25 and 27 days, respectively. However, the IPP and ALU packaging without SDPs, the products can be stored less than 25 days. SDPs provides a cheaper and easy method to keeping quality of the chewy santol candies. Therefore, the products with SDPs packaging can maintain the product quality during storage and has an acceptable quality to consumers.
Analysis of Microbial Consortia with High Cellulolytic Activities for Cassava Pulp Degradation
Authors: Runajak Raviporn , Chuetor Santi , Rodiahwati Wawat , Sriariyanun Malinee , Tantayotai Prapakorn , Phornphisutthimas Somkiat
Published: January 2020

Biogas production is one of the means to manage the cassava pulp waste obtained from the cassava processing plants. The success of the process is determined by the hydrolysis in an anaerobic digester. When the digester failure is found, the new microbial consortium inoculum is introduced to the system with the long period of set up time. This research aimed to construct the endemic microbial consortium by re-cultivating the cellulolytic microbial consortia obtained from cassava pulp and digester wastewater with the expected shorter set up time. Modifications of enrichment and re-cultivation methods by varying the nutrients, pH and temperature improved the enzymatic hydrolysis yields, as reducing sugars, of CMC, rice straw and cassava pulp substrates approximately 9, 3, and 13 times, respectively. To analyze the enzymatic activities of the selected microbial consortia, the cellulase enzyme was extracted, partially purified and analyzed on CMC-zymogram. The ~130 kDa-sized cellulase enzyme was identified with endocellulase activity, and it was considered as a relatively large molecular size molecule compared to most bacterial endocellulases. The selected microbial consortia were tested for their biomass degradation capacities, and the optimal operational condition was obtained at pH 7.0 and 30 °C. This optimal condition showed the proof of the concept that this re-cultivated consortium could be applied in on-site digester with high efficiency.
Statistical Approach of Nutrient Optimization for Microalgae Cultivation
Authors: Bunkaew Pichayatorn , Kongruang Sasithorn
Published: January 2020

The Plackett-Burman Design (PBD) was applied to study fresh water microalgae cultivation using Chlorella sp. TISTR 8411 to select the influential nutrient factors for biomass and lipid production. The PBD for 13 trials from 11 nutrient factors with 3 levels was studied in the mixotrophic cultivation at 28 0C under 16:8 light and dark photoperiods over 7 days of cultivation time. Two influential factors were chosen as glucose and cobalt chloride hexahydrate to further design via Box-Behnken Design (BBD) in order to optimize the cultivation of this microalgae for biodiesel production. The 17 trials of 3 factors and 3 levels of BBD experimental design technique were applied with varying factors of glucose (20-40 g/L), cobalt chloride hexahydrate (0.01-0.04 mg/L) and light intensity (4,500-7,500 Lux) under 16:8 light and dark photoperiods over 7 days of cultivation time at 28 0C. Result showed that Chlorella sp. TISTR 8411 cultivation yield 0.52 g/L biomass and 0.31 g/L lipid production resulting in approximately 60% of lipid production when cultivated in 20.05 g/L glucose, 0.04 mg/L CoCl26H2O under light intensity of 4,614 Lux with the supplementation of 4.38 g/L NaHCO3 coupled with 1 g/L of both NaNO3 and KH2PO4. Under statically mixotrophic cultivation, result indicated that Chlorella sp. TISTR 8411 had potential to produce high lipid content for biodiesel application and biomass production for nutraceutical application. Further experiment with the longer cultivation period up to 2 weeks would implement not only for monitoring the growth kinetics but also evaluating the suitable type of fatty acid production.
Parameterizing higher-order processes on names and processes
Authors: Xu Xian
Published: January 2020

Parameterization extends higher-order processes with the capability of abstraction and application (like those in lambda-calculus). As is well-known, this extension is strict, meaning that higher-order processes equipped with parameterization are strictly more expressive than those without parameterization. This paper studies strictly higher-order processes (i.e., no name-passing) with two kinds of parameterization: one on names and the other on processes themselves. We present two main results. One is that in presence of parameterization, higher-order processes can interpret first-order (name-passing) processes in a quite elegant fashion, in contrast to the fact that higher-order processes without parameterization cannot encode first-order processes at all. We present two such encodings and analyze their properties in depth, particularly full abstraction. In the other result, we provide a simpler characterization of the standard context bisimilarity for higher-order processes with parameterization, in terms of the normal bisimilarity that stems from the well-known normal characterization for higher-order calculus. As a spinoff, we show that the bisimulation up-to context technique is sound in the higher-order setting with parameterization.
Reshaping of the retail environment due to internet as a global competitor
Authors: Gajanova Lubica , Nadanyiova Margareta
Published: January 2020

According to statistics, the number of Slovaks who shop over the Internet is increasing year by year. Compared to the surrounding countries, Slovaks are clearly the leaders in online shopping. Increasing popularity of customers in online shopping leads to a significant decline in number of retail stores. This is a consequence of global technological change. However, businesses and especially retailers themselves can benefit from technological advances in this case as well. All you have to do is choose the right marketing tool. Such tools are undoubtedly the tools of proximity marketing that are used as a communication channel in retail stores. In this paper, we focus on proximity marketing tools that provide a means of creating a personal relationship between a customer and a vendor at the time of physical purchase by a customer in a store. Its aim is to support and increase sales in retail stores, increase consumer satisfaction and build a positive brand image. The aim of the paper is to analyse the possibility of using proximity marketing for Slovak consumers as one of the possibilities of reshaping of the retail environment. This analysis will be realized from demographic and also from psychographic point of view.
Specifics of human resources in non-profit organizations in the process of globalization
Authors: Kicová Eva
Published: January 2020

Non-profit organizations carry out activities that the state either does not want to perform or does not take responsibilities for them due to financial reasons, and the private sector is not interested in them. Specific features of such kind organizations is the fact that their performance is mostly depended on the work of a man – a volunteer, so a human capital is their integral part. Volunteering is a multidimensional phenomenon. It is an important part of the society and its future development. The context of volunteering has changed in last years, because social trends as globalization, technological development, changes in demography, emergence of postmodern values, and changes in families and work change people´s attitudes toward volunteering. In order a volunteer could realize his own personality and belief in volunteering activities and simultaneously participate in meeting goals of an organization, it is essential that all elements of management (organizing, managing, control, evaluating) are carried out effectively and have a meaning. To achieve this point, it is needed to know reasons, why people do volunteering that does not have only motivational sense, but also strategic one. Identifying motifs is therefore broader than just meeting needs and their knowledge is an essential factor for the effective functioning of non-profit organizations regardless of fields of their operation.
The creative accounting in determining the bankruptcy of Business Corporation
Authors: Kovalová Erika , Frajtová Michalíková Katarína
Published: January 2020

If there is a period of unfavourable to critical economic development Business Corporation, there is no doubt about the significance of determining the actual factual moment of bankruptcy of the business corporation. In such a situation, it is crucial for further development approach of the statutory body of Business Corporation in terms of truly evaluation and timely search for a constructive solution. There are different methods of creative accounting to delaying the impending corporation bankruptcy. This paper describes the individual ways in which the creative accounting can favour the business corporation, e.g. increase the reported earnings or reduce the reported loss, manipulate with indicators used in financial analysis, conceal financial risk or strengthen the company´s access to finance. The reason for using these practices by the company management can be just a simple delay in solving the situation, trying to keep the company position as long as possible or the reasons are more complex and sophisticated. There are many model to predict the adjusting financial statements. We described and applied two of them, the CFEBT model and BENEISH M-score model.
Consumer perception of global branded products quality
Authors: Kral Pavol , Janoskova Katarina
Published: January 2020

The brand plays the key part in consumer decision-making on products, and it is crucially important to both producer and consumer. The long-term globalization process has significantly influenced international brand policy. A successful brand in the domestic market is not a prerequisite of success in global markets. Successful global brand reflect on the rational as well as emotional customer expectations and desires that may change over time. The consumers generally consider branded product to the significant of quality, and they are likely to opt for the proven brand rather than even considering also the other brands available. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the relationship between selected socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, education) and the subjective perception of selected global brands (branded products) quality by current consumers using selected mathematical-statistical methods. We realized a large-scale marketing survey was conducted on a sample of consumers (total 2002 respondents) with a minimum age of 15 years in 2018. The analysis results show relationship of different nature and intensity between socio-demographic characteristics of respondents and their attitudes towards quality of branded products. Conclusions and findings of analysis can be considered appropriate to apply to current consumer markets. The findings of the survey proved that effective branding strategies shall respect, inter alia, pursue the also socio-demographic trends consumers markets. The socio-demographic characteristics of consumers shall be considered the reliable selection criterion for determining both attractivity and potential of the brand in terms of the success of the brand.
Globalization as a socio-environmental equilibrium: applying Luhmann`s theory to Integrated Reporting
Authors: Razumov Evgnii
Published: January 2020

International accounting standards systems are able to define borders by producing reference codes for institutional, informational and cultural codes. Such ways of influence are similar to globalization in other societal spaces: for example internalization of trade systems has been produced by creating institutes and organizations as well as miscellaneous standards. These tendencies have been highlighted by Niklas Luhmann through differentiation of borders determinants of a system. And this operational determination of globalization as continual creation of the world system is to be highly appreciated for comprehensive analysis of the last developments in accounting and reporting field influenced by environmental issues. In this paper three-tier classification of globalization in terms of system definition proposed as development of Niklas Luhmann ideas. Through analysis of the mean shifts in reporting as social memory phenomenon and communication process accounting problems reformulated as world system`s issues and demonstrated existence of globalization as operational phenomenon for accountancy and social responsibility systems. Concepts of the social systems theory have been visualized and interpreted to determine possible ways of equilibrium states for human systems and environment. As a result main ways for integrated reporting application and its future development formulated.
Earnings management in global background
Authors: Strakova Lenka
Published: January 2020

Earnings management is a general term in accounting decisions that may affect the results of the financial statements. Financial statements represent the core of information is used not only by internal but also external entities. Their role is to provide a true picture of the financial situation and the performance of a particular business in an international environment. In practice, however, there may be opportunities to influence accounting information using a variety of methods and techniques, and as a result, the financial statements lose their function and misrepresent the accounting data, resulting in profit manipulation. Profit manipulation is also dealt with by the phenomenon of earnings management, which is a topical topic in the world of finance in the international environment. This is a very complex and multifaceted phenomenon occurring in companies, irrespective of their territory, area of business or size. Several profit models are used to measure and detect earnings management, whose detection capability varies. This paper focuses on the selection of profit models according to individual forms of earnings management and the assessment of variable profit models in the V4 countries.
Factors affecting implementation of green marketing orientation
Authors: Vilkaite-Vaitone Neringa , Skackauskiene Ilona
Published: January 2020

Traditional marketing is no longer able to address all the issues in modern markets. Global economic crisis, post-Brexit challenges, and changes in the landscape of corporate social responsibility are pushing marketing managers to build sustainability into the performance of the marketing mix. This leads to the development of new marketing philosophy, i. e. green marketing. Companies that implement green marketing orientation send a message to the stakeholders that they care about the society and the ecosystem. While past studies provide useful theoretical insight into the concept and benefits of green marketing decisions, a lack of holistic viewpoint to the factors that determine the choice of green marketing orientation in modern organizations exists. This lack stimulated authors of the paper to address the demand for an integrated analysis of green marketing factors. The article provides researchers and marketing managers with a comprehensive view to the factors affecting the choice of green marketing orientation. Theoretical analysis has shown that factors determining the choice of green marketing orientation can be of external or internal nature. Apart from that, all the factors are direct or indirect and differ in their manageability. The findings of the research present opportunities for researchers and managers to apply green marketing orientation. The article includes directions for future research and managerial implications.
The Age of Automatization and the Evolution of Globalization
Authors: Bran Florina , Bodislav Dumitru-Alexandru , Mitriţă Marcela Antoneta
Published: January 2020

Automation is the key word of this century when it comes to describe sustainable development, social evolution, economic empowerment and ease of access to new business solutions. In this paper we try to analyse and re-establish the need to develop, not only as societal and human evolution, but also as a standalone process that shows us that the actual acceleration of automation in everything that surrounds us is actually the next generation of globalization. We also try to analyse the psychological pressure developed of automation and the fact that if we’ll reach an evolutionary ceiling and if it will be followed by a new disruption in the way we see economics. As a research method, we used a mix of methods combining quantitative and qualitative analysis. The main findings have allowed us to highlight the trends in the literature in terms of automation in the era of globalization as well as new practical directions of action. Beyond the pros and cons of globalization, our work allows readers to find new business solutions that contribute to a sustainable development of society, a healthy social evolution, and last but not least an increase in economic power taking into account the risks associated with these changes, including psychologically.
Innovation and Industry 4.0 as a part of small state diplomacy
Authors: Peterkova Jana
Published: January 2020

Innovation and Industry 4.0 are topical issues in the era of globalization in many countries around the world. The article focuses on the international practice of small states and the role of innovation as a topic of their foreign policy and diplomacy. The article aims to evaluate the position of the innovation theme in the portfolio of typical issues of diplomatic practice. The aim is to find out to what extent the attention is paid to innovation concerning the country’s economic diplomacy and what the prospects for further development are. In the first part, the text will focus on the theoretical definition of the theme of innovation and its anchoring in the diplomacy of small states. The second part introduces the situation from the practice of small states in a broader perspective and brings examples of successful integration of the innovation theme into the strategic plans of small states. The third part maps the contemporary trends and the presence of innovation diplomacy in Czech practice. Attention will be paid mainly to the national level, both from a strategic and instrumental point of view. Using a comparison of successful examples from abroad with the current situation in Czechia, it is possible to identify critical elements that can contribute to a better understanding of the topic by contemporary Czech practice.
Global determinants of sustaining and developing family enterprises in Slovakia
Authors: Moresová Mária , Sedliačiková Mariana , Kaščáková Alena
Published: January 2020

Family enterprises play an important role in global economies and in national economies of all developed countries. Creating new, and maintaining the existing family enterprises, combined with their continuous development should be the key priority of all countries. Based on the evaluation of the current state of family business in Slovak micro, small, and medium enterprises, the main objective of this paper is to identify the key determinants which affect its development. At the same time, the authors propose such measures the implementation of which into business practice will lead to sustainability of the existing, as well as the support of the newly established family enterprises in Slovakia. The research has been evaluated with the use of methods of testing the statistical hypothesis and methods of descriptive statistics. As the conducted research has proved, at the external environment, the most negative determinant that limits the activities of family enterprises is strong competition of other enterprises operating in the Slovak market. The biggest problem related to internal environment of family enterprises is obtaining a stable qualified. The results led to conclusions and recommendations, the implementation of which into practice will help to support family business in Slovakia.
Mass data gathering and surveillance: the fight against facial recognition technology in the globalized world
Authors: Nesterova Irena
Published: January 2020

The growing use of facial recognition technologies has put them under the regulatory spotlight all around the world. The EU considers to regulate facial regulation technologies as a part of initiative of creating ethical and legal framework for trustworthy artificial intelligence. These technologies are attracting attention of the EU data protection authorities, e.g. in Sweden and the UK. In May, San Francisco was the first city in the US to ban police and other government agencies from using facial recognition technology, soon followed by other US cities. The paper aims to analyze the impact of facial recognition technology on the fundamental rights and values as well as the development of its regulation in Europe and the US. The paper will reveal how these technologies may significantly undermine fundamental rights, in particular the right to privacy, and may lead to prejudice and discrimination. Moreover, alongside the risks to fundamental rights a wider impact of these surveillance technologies on democracy and the rule of law needs to be assessed. Although the existing laws, in particular the EU General Data Protection Regulation already imposes significant requirements, there is a need for further guidance and clear regulatory framework to ensure trustworthy use of facial recognition technology.
Sustainable Business Development in the Context of Logistics in the Globalization Process
Authors: Ceniga Pavel , Sukalova Viera
Published: January 2020

The world and society constantly evolving and now in the era of information technology and globalization, this development is much faster. This rapid pace poses a higher risk of causing negative impacts on man and his environment, whether it is the excessive production of waste or excessive exploitation of limited natural resources. Ensuring sustainability is essential to us and the awareness of this need has brought about the concept of sustainable development that regulates the satisfaction of the needs of the present generation so that future generations are not threatened. In this context, the article deals with one of the keys to sustainable mobility, which, according to the European Parliament, is an efficient and effective cost logistics as an integral part of the transport system needed for economic performance, competitiveness and environmental protection. The aim of the article is to introduce sustainable logistics and to point out the importance of its application in the company with the aim of eliminating the impact of these processes on the environment and human beings in the context of continuing globalization. To achieve research goals we used methodology included historical method, desk review, and system analysis and field research.
Private Label as a global trend of food networks for pricing policy optimization (case study of St. Petersburg)
Authors: Gregova Elena , Dengov Victor , Tulyakova Irina , Mustafaev Azer
Published: January 2020

The practice of creating Private Label by large food chains is a global trend. Such international and Russian retailers as Auchan, SPAR, Prisma, Okay, Lenta, etc. have these products of their own brand. However, this marketing policy is not used by all the players in this market. In the conditions of a protracted economic recession that began in Russia in 2014, even such a seemingly stable sector of the economy as grocery retail faced a decline in its trade. The main reason for the current situation is, of course, a significant, more than 15% in 5 years, fall in real disposable incomes of Russian households. At the same time, for certain groups of households (families with children, single pensioners, etc.), the poverty is still much higher. In such households, expenses for food take significantly more than half of their incomes. The heightened competition of retail chains for a shrinking budget of buyers pushes them to search for new models of pricing policy. This article explores the possibility of using the practice Private Label by food chains.
Impact of implementing controlling on enterprise employees
Authors: Klementová Jarmila , Stroková Zuzana
Published: January 2020

Implementing controlling into business practice is a difficult, long-term and complex process that is unique for each enterprise. It is affected by various psychological factors that evoked positive and negative emotions in owners, managers and employees. The main objective of this paper is to identify key psychological factors, emotions and barriers affecting employees during implementing controlling into business practice. The empirical research into the given problem was conducted by the questioning method in a form of questionnaire. In order to evaluate the research results, the descriptive, graphical, and mathematic-statistical methods were used. Based of the findings, a concept was proposed to put emphasis on the key psychological aspects of the enterprise employees during implementation of this tool. The proposed concept could become a support tool for company owners and managers to eliminating negative emotions and evoking positive emotions in employees during the process of implementation and enforcement of controlling into the enterprise, ensuring that this tool is fully functional and, accepted by all internal interest groups.
Methods of eliminating waste from food packaging as a globalization tool
Authors: Salkova Daniela , Regnerova Olga
Published: January 2020

The article deals with possible ways of elimination of waste from food packaging. It focuses on eliminating packaging waste through unpackaged food stores and the zero waste concept. Elimination of any waste in the form of packaging is an important element of protection and reducing the burden on the environment, and in this context also important element of globalization. The methodological approach is based on a field survey in the form of interviews with customers of a selected packaging-free shop and research aimed at identifying awareness and the use of packaging-free stores among the general public. The survey also included a comparison of prices of selected foods in the packaging shop and three hypermarkets. The aim of the article is to propose other possible ways to reduce packaging waste when buying food. The survey found that customers from 21 to 30 years old are most likely to shop in unpacked stores. The main reason for buying in unpacked shops is for most customers the effort to reduce the man-made environmental burden and the higher quality of the products sold. The most frequently mentioned disadvantage of this way of buying food is the limited range of products.
Socio-economic consequences of globalization on the economic development of regions in the context of security
Authors: Soltes Viktor , Repkova Stofkova Katarina , Lenko Filip
Published: January 2020

The process of globalization has brought about changes that manifest themselves in different areas of human life. One of the main positive aspects of the process of globalization affecting human quality of life is regional development. This can be measured through selected socio-economic indicators. However, regional development is not the only aspect that affects human quality of life. The negative aspects of the globalization process, such as illegal migration, have made security aspects more and more influential on quality of life. One of security aspect that negatively affects a human’s quality of life, as well as the whole perception of the process of globalization, is migration and related crime committed by foreigners in a particular area. As the objective of the regional development is to promote human quality of life, it is also necessary to deal with the issue of security in this context. The paper deals with the examination of selected socio-economic aspects of regional development in the context of security. The aim of the paper is to reveal relations between selected indicators of regional development in order to increase the stimulation of socio-economic aspects and the level of safety and thus to increase the quality of citizen’s life.
Globalization and Entrepreneurship: Selected Topics in Visegrad Four Countries
Authors: Hamplová Eva , Kovárník Jaroslav
Published: January 2020

Entrepreneurship is a specific and continuous activity of an individual or a group of individuals with the aim to create a profit. It is a very important activity not only in the perspective of national economy, but also in the context of global economy. This activity can create a lot of job opportunities, especially thanks to small and medium-sized enterprises. These companies have a very important role on every market. The aim of this article is to map the development of entrepreneurship in Visegrad Group countries, namely in the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary, thanks to selected indicators between 2009 and 2017. These indicators are especially the increase of newly-established companies, their average growth rate, death rate, survival rate in all selected countries. All selected categories are consequently evaluated through one standardized criterion, which helps to compare all Visegrad Group countries and create the order of all countries with the aim to evaluate the business environment. This article opens the possibility to evaluate entrepreneurship and business environment in other countries as well, because this environment should be evaluated also in the Central European countries, European Union, or even in the OECD.
Alternative food networks as a counterbalance in the globalized perception of young consumers
Authors: Navrátilová Miroslava , Abrhám Josef , Beranová Markéta , Brož David
Published: January 2020

The phenomenon of alternative food networks is becoming increasingly important, especially in the context of changes in consumer behavior and business sustainability. The distribution channels of some products place a disproportionate burden on the environment. In this context, the issue of local food production and the use of local distribution channels are becoming increasingly important as counterbalances of international trade processes in the context of globalization. New food-specific forms include alternative food networks. Sustainability is a topical issue, especially among young consumers, who are sensitive to environmental issues and like all new things. This consumer target group will shape the future of the current globalized world. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the general level of awareness among young people aged 20 34 in the Czech Republic about alternative forms of purchasing food and to identify knowledge of different forms of this sale. Primary research data was used to evaluate preferences in 2019. The total number of participants was 519 respondents. The results show that more than half of the respondents have ever encountered the concept of an alternative food network. Most often, respondents said they had personal experience of selling on farm markets and selling organic food.
Globalization and economic growth in highly developed countries
Authors: Swadźba Stanisław
Published: January 2020

The main goal of this paper is to show the level of globalization, its changes and the impact of globalization on economic growth and socio-economic development in these countries. The following research methods were used: historical, literature, descriptive analysis and simple statistical methods. Statistical data used in this paper come from KOF Index of globalization, World Bank Database and Human Development Reports. The time range of research is 1990-2018. The research covered 16 countries of Western Europe, USA, Canada, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. The main findings of the study are as follows: Highly developed countries are the most globalized. The level of globalization in individual countries varies, but the differences are not large. The medium-size European countries are the most globalized, while non-European countries are the least globalized. Starting from the 1990s, the level of globalization has increased significantly. The highest increase was in the less globalized countries, the lowest in the most globalized ones. As a result, the differences between them have significantly decreased. Thus we can see the convergence in the sphere of globalization. The positive impact of globalization on economic growth and socio-economic development was not observed in this group of countries.
Competitiveness of V4 Countries Using the Global Competitiveness Index
Authors: Galgánková Veronika
Published: January 2020

The article is focused on the evaluation and comparison of the international competitiveness of the Visegrad countries – four countries Slovak Republic, Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. The article consists of four chapters. The first chapter is focused on a short introduction to the issue. The second chapter briefly describes the methodology used in writing the article. It analyzes in detail the individual parts and subindices of the Global Competitiveness Index. The third chapter evaluates the specific values of the index which the countries of Visegrad four achieved from 2010 to 2018. The fourth chapter focuses on assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the countries’ competitiveness. It also contains a proposal for the future direction of states. The concept of global competitiveness is increasingly being used to assess many different methods and indices in comparing countries. One of the best known indices is the Global Competitiveness Index, which is compiled annually by the World Economic Forum. It assesses how countries achieve and maintain economic growth and how business of every country is influenced by competitiveness. Higher quality of financial reports makes companies more competitiveness and motivate investors to put money into them.
The informational communication technology is a tool of global education
Authors: Hrehová Daniela , Teplická Katarína
Published: January 2020

Globalization generates new inputs for education policy-making and defines new problems that universities needs to address. In a global economy, most countries aim at raising their international competitiveness by offering new manpower profiles with new skills. With globalization, the information revolution, and increasing demands for a highly skilled workforce, nations are increasingly prioritizing and foster effective learning. This article looks at global perspectives on higher education and the role of ICT. The authors offer a balanced theoretical and research background of the opportunities and the potential benefits of information and communication technologies (ICT) for improving the quality of education in universities. The advances in Information and Communication Technologies are, at the same time, cause and consequence of globalisation. Authors discuss about using ICT technology, which contribute to the success of education in European universities. This form of learning promotes the development of important skills that students need to be successful both in the global labour market and in other areas of their lives. To meet the increasing demand for a workforce with up-to-date skills and competencies aligned with globally competitive industries and continue driving Slovakia economic growth into the next century, education systems have to embrace information and communication technology.
Cyclic Economy in a Globalized World
Authors: Yakovleva Elena A.
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to solving the problems of the development of a cyclical economy in the conditions of globalization, since the further development of society while maintaining the current growth rates of production and consumption with increasing population can lead to a global catastrophe. The traditional development model is based on intensive industrial growth and resource-intensive infrastructure. In a global cyclical economy, it is necessary to separate economic growth from resource consumption, focusing on preserving value in order to protect ecosystems and natural capital. The aim of the work is to develop tools for the transition to a cyclical economy in the context of globalization. The research methodology is based on an analysis of international and national legislation, scientific publications and ongoing projects for building elements of a cyclical economy. To model the development of cyclical development in the context of globalization, economic opportunities are identified based on specific indicators and identified barriers for which solutions and policy options are developed. For the practical implementation of the ideas of a cyclical economy, government measures are needed to overcome institutional, economic and political barriers. The transition to a cyclical economy leads to an increase in transaction costs, uncertainty, opportunistic behavior. The concept of a cyclical economy is global in nature and represents a systemic shift that shapes long-term sustainability, creates economic opportunities and provides environmental and social benefits.
Considerations for the nano aperture ion source: Geometrical design and electrical control
Authors: van Kan Jeroen A. , Pang Rudy , Basu Tanmoy , Dou Yanxin , Gokul  , Tarino Nicolas , Tregidga Jack , Roy Sangita Chaki , Tan Huei Ming
Published: January 2020

A new type of ion source is being developed for proton beam writing and other focused ion beam applications. The potential of this source as well as achieved performance of the nano aperture ion source will be evaluated. Based on the ideal source parameters, critical geometrical parameters constraining chromatic aberrations and a possible pathway to achieve this performance will be presented. Finally, an electronic control system to minimize chromatic and spherical aberrations to an acceptable level will be demonstrated.
A full sample-type magneto-impedance (MI) magnetometer with programmable circuit for high compatibility
Authors: Shi Ke , Uchiyama Tsuyoshi
Published: January 2020

In this study, a programmable Magneto-Impedance (MI) sensor circuit has been designed by using a Field-Programmable-Gate-Arrays (FPGA), and an operational amplifier integrator has been used to replace the peak hold circuit in the conventional system to sample the entire output of the sensor. Since there is no need to adjust the sampling timing to match different MI sensor’s outputs, it is more suitable for mass production than conventional circuits. It was also found that the output of the sensor has the same sensitivity on the rising and falling edges of the excitation current. The output of two parts of the sensor is sampled by an asynchronous sampling frequency, and the noise level of the system proposed is reduced. In comparison with the conventional system, the proposed system in this work has higher sensitivity and lower noise level when utilizing the same sensor, so it might be applied to the bio-medical signal measurement in the future.
Optimized process for the fabrication of PDMS membranes integrating permanent micro-magnet arrays
Authors: Descamps Lucie , Mekkaoui Samir , Audry Marie-Charlotte , Deman Anne-Laure , Le Roy Damien
Published: January 2020

Here we report on the fabrication of micro-magnet arrays by powder agglomeration in a polymer matrix. The NdFeB@polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) inner microstructure and the generated magnetic forces were studied, when prepared under two different magnetic field configurations. The initial process uses the classical crosslinking of PDMS mixed with NdFeB powder under a low magnetic field gradient provided by a permanent magnet (LG set-up for low gradient). In contrast, the optimized process uses an intermediate layer, composed of iron microstructures in a PDMS matrix that amplifies and focuses the magnetic field gradient given by the permanent magnet (HG set-up for high gradient). Both processes result in a heterogeneous material that can be described as an array of permanent micro-magnets diluted in a non-magnetic host matrix. The NdFeB@PDMS microstructure was characterized by X-ray tomography and optical microscopy. The magnetic properties were also measured by magnetometry and colloidal probe AFM. Results showed that the HG set-up leads to an array of micro-magnets localized at the surface, with higher compactness and density, resulting in stronger magnetic performances compared to the LG set-up. This technology only implies easy-to-handle and cheap fabrication processes, paving the way for the development of low-cost lab-on-chip devices integrating magnetophoretic trapping functionality.
Elimination of pseudo-negative conductance by coercive steady state in perm-selective ion transportation
Authors: Kwon Soonhyun , Lee Hyomin , Kim Sung Jae
Published: January 2020

Ion concentration polarization (ICP) has drawn unprecedented attention due to its new underlying physics and engineering applications such as biomolecular preconcentrator and electrofluidic desalination. Typically, the current-voltage characteristic of ICP has three distinctive regimes with a positive slope in all regimes, but an unintentional negative slope (“overshoot current”) was often observed in the Ohmic/limiting regime. This phenomenon impeded an exact estimation of electrokinetic properties of the ICP platform. Therefore, in this work, we eliminated overshoot current by limiting the length of the diffuse layer using a coercive injection of a fresh electrolyte solution. Both the visualization of ICP layer propagation and the measurement of current-voltage characteristics verifying the time for reaching the steady state within an effective length of a microchannel played a critical role. The most relevant parameter was shown to be the diffusion relaxation time which was directly correlated with the sweep rate of an external voltage. Using this new measurement platform, one can significantly reduce the time and labor for the electrokinetic studies and applications based on them.