bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zakat Funding Solution In Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) Approach For Clean Water And Proper Sanitation In Banten, Indonesia
Authors: Fauzia Alvina Syafira , Rosifah Siti Nur
Published: March 2021

Providing clean water and sanitation for developing countries presents its problems mainly related to people‘s unhealthy behavior and funding that needed to build clean water facilities and infrastructure. Various attempts were made by both the government and the private sector to provide proper sanitation, particularly for the poor. It also aims to give one of the most significant service delivery challenges related to poverty alleviation and sustainable living. This article presents new sanitation developments focused on community-led total sanitation (CLTS) approach and zakat as a funding solution. The researchers used the Miles and Huberman (1992) research model consisting of data reduction, data display, and verification. The result is LAZ Harfa with the CLTS approach could increase the number of houses with latrines by 40.19 percent in Banten from 2006 to 2019, also coaching schools in building 25 latrines, the number of beneficiaries increased significantly to 47,174 from 14,461 individuals. The article closes by arguing that zakat as possible alternative funding by seeing the potential that can improve the sustainability of sanitation service interventions.
AN ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING REPATRIATION OF AFGHAN REFUGEES FROM PAKISTAN
Authors: Ur Rehman Ubaid , Mudasser Abbas Syed , Khan Alamgeer
Published: March 2021

Pakistan has been hosting Afghan refugees for almost four decades. These refugees are a burden on resources of country, hence Pakistan introduced repatriation of refugees with assistance of humanitarian organizations, but desired success not yet achieved. This study focused on "An analysis of economic factors influencing repatriation of the Afghan refugees from Pakistan”, therefore, utilized cross-sectional design to measure association between economic factors and expatriation. Study applied quantitative survey method to collect data through questionnaire. The simple random technique used to approach samples in population. Variables measured by the items selected from four different instruments. Data were analyzed with regression using SmartPLS. The results explored that productivity, labour market integration and access to shelter as indicators of economic factors for Afghan refugees in Pakistan are significantly associated with expatriation in presence of the mediating variable (economic well-being). Hence, a pull force of economic factors in Pakistan attracts them to stay in host country and avoid repatriation to homeland.
THEOCRATIC AUTOCRACY IN PAKISTAN BETWEEN 1977 TO 1988 FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF GRAMSCI'S THEORY OF CULTURAL HEGEMONY
Authors: Uzair Hashmi Muhammad
Published: March 2021

This paper employs the Gramsci's "Theory of Cultural Hegemony" to investigate the objectives, methodology, and outcomes of theocratic political approach opted by the autocratic regime in Pakistan between 1977 to 1988. Gramsci Cultural Hegemony theory provides parameters of analysis such as "traditional intellectuals," "manufactured consent," "civil society," "political society," "organic intellectuals," and "historic bloc," which serve as concrete foundations for data analysis through the qualitative research methodology. This paper is significant as it elucidates how "political society" (authoritarian regimes), rather than choosing coercion, exercise “soft tools” over "civil society" (religious intellectuals) to manufacture the consent of the masses. This paper is unique as it has attempted to apply the Gramsci's cultural hegemony theory in its true essence to bring to light the long-term repercussions of the hegemonic policies of Zia's rule and to answer the unanswered questions regarding the foreign and internal policy challenges in today's Pakistan.
IS CLIMATE INDICATOR AFFECTS TRANSMISSION OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CLIMATIC IMPACTS ON COVID-19 TRANSMISSION
Authors: Asif Khan Muhammad , Waseem Khan Muhammad , Siddique Asima
Published: March 2021

The climate variations have lot of the financial, medical and economic consequences. Studies showed that climate plays the vital role in virus transmission. This study analyzed the impact of climate indicators on COVID-19 concerning Pakistan. The secondary data is used for analysis as obtained from world health organization, ministry of health Pakistan and Pakistan meteorological department. The results show that all the research variables like temperature maximum, temperature minimum, humidity, and wind flow are positively and significantly correlated to COVID-19. Findings show that temperature maximum, temperature minimum, and wind flow have the positive and significant association with COVID-19, while the humidity has a positive impact on COVID-19 transmission. The study show that minimum temperature is favorable for the virus transmission. Thus, the study provides significant results in reaching the decision and concluding the study.
CURRICULUM CHANGE IN PAKISTAN: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE PAST AND THE WAY FORWARD
Authors: Butt Muqaddas , Mahmood Shumaila , Urooj Tanzeela
Published: March 2021

For contributing to the inherent dynamic nature of society, things are always moving, developing, growing and changing. Education is fundamental in responding to the societal change therefore, change is inevitable in education too. The immediate context of this paper is Punjab (Pakistan) followed by the implementation process of the most recent change in secondary school National Curriculum for English. The focus revolves around the questions; ‘to what extent the secondary school English teachers were involved in planning and designing English curriculum change (CC2006), and what the contextual conditions secondary school teachers were provided enabling them to enact CC2006 effectively? The study adopted a mixed method approach. The quantitative data was collected by administering questionnaire towards 243 secondary school English teachers followed by conducting the case studies of four secondary schools for gathering the qualitative data. The findings revealed that teachers were seldom consulted during planning or design phase of CC2006.
OIL PRICES MOVEMENTS AND INDUSTRY STOCK RETURNS: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN STOCK EXCHANGE (PSX)
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Ullah Jan Sharif , Iqbal Shahid
Published: March 2021

The recent financial and economic recessions have chiefly increased the importance of risk management and forecasting for business firms. Capital markets being the main pillar of economy are affected the most in such circumstances. The current study has attempted to investigate the impact of oil prices on the returns and volatility of Pakistani listed firms using the GARCH (1,1) model. Furthermore, this relationship has been investigated by categorizing the existing sectors of the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) into oil producers, oil users, and oil substitutes for the period from January 2015 to December 2019. The findings of the study highlighted some strong evidence regarding the oil price movement and the firms’ returns across these sectors. Interestingly, firms’ returns behave differently about the magnitude of significance and direction of symbols based on their nature of the industry. Therefore, it is suggested for future studies to consider the nature of the sector of oil while exploring the relationship between oil prices and stock returns.
INFLUENCE OF CLASS SIZE ON STUDENTS’ AND TEACHERS’ MOTIVATION DURING INSTRUCTION
Authors: Muhammad Amir Syed , Ullah Irfan , Kaleem Muhammad
Published: March 2021

This descriptive research investigated influence of class size on the students’ and teachers’ motivation during the instruction. The study objectives focused the effects of class size on the students’ initiation in completing instructional tasks, stimulating them in expressing the ideas freely and in provision of positive feedback to them during the instruction. Three null hypotheses were formulated to observe the significance differences between observed and expected proportion about target objectives. For this purpose, the data were collected from 4th grade students and teachers of 51 government primary schools through observation sheets and questionnaire respectively. Collected data were analysed through mean and chi-square. The major findings indicated that small class size assisted teachers as well as students to exhibit higher level of the motivation and interest during instruction. However, no significant differences noted between the observed and expected proportion about level of initiation, completion of task, rate of stimulation and provision of feedback among students belonging to different level of class size.
Construction of Linear Codes over Rings Zm Correcting Double ±1 or ±2 Errors
Authors: Khachatrian Gurgen , Khachatrian Hamlet
Published: March 2021

In this paper a construction of double ±1 and ±2 errors correcting linear optimal and quasi-optimal codes over rings Z5, Z7 and Z9 is presented with the limitation that both errors have the same amplitude in absolute value.
On the Way to Dominating Cognition
Authors: Pogossian Edward
Published: March 2021

Humans become powered enough to question the further types of their being in the universe but have not answers yet whether the solutions are in the corrections of their genomes , discovering of new types of organizations of humans or in transition to a new type of descends, humanoid machines or others. Assuming that scenarios with dominating cognition are the most promising to resolve the challenges of evolvement of humans and are the most expected for the next stage of their being, while the kernel of effective cognition is universal for all types of further being of humans, we present constructive models of the kernel, question the completeness of representations and ways of its further study.
Use of Info-Communicational Resources in Software Systems
Authors: Mkhitaryan Andranik , Petrosyan Arthur , Nanassian Aram
Published: March 2021

The use of info-communicational resources in software systems is considered. The integration details and mechanisms of info-communicational resource UniMail into other systems are considered. Examples of software systems types, which could use the services of UniMail resource are discussed.
Cupola Furnace Design and Fabrication for Industrial Development
Authors: Ochejah Yusuf Y. , Cyril Ocheri , Omaone Ikani F. , Ogwudubi Adejoh F. , Onakemu Oyibo A.
Published: March 2021

The Cupola Furnace Capacity of 450 kilograms per hour was designed and fabricated using locally sourced raw materials which include pig irons, crop ends and foundry shop returns, and ferroalloys for the production of quality cast iron which depends on the customer’s demand. Metallurgical coke is the main fuel source employed for the production processes. The design parameters were analyzed and the metallic shells were then fabricated into four sections to allow proper lining. A mild 5 mm thick steel sheet was collected, marked out according to the required specification. slit and formed into cylindrical shapes. The sections were coupled and joined together through a welding process. Sodium silicate was used as a binder to make them bondable to the interior sections, the internal configurations were first lined with asbestos sheets measured 5 mm thick. with a less dense insulating refractory material. Fireclay refractory bricks were used for furnishing as they directly interfaced with the molten metal, while the flame blower was connected, assembled, and erected in the different segments. Financial analysis was performed to give a general overview of the cost of manufacturing and building a cupola furnace produced locally at N1,467,266.00, which is relatively cheap compared to the imported ones. The technical details were given for the production processes. The raw materials used were sourced locally as they are readily available in quantum and are essential to the government policies on adding values to the production processes by using these materials to promote the addition of these materials for the creation of local content.
Is it possible to differentiate between 2-phenylaminodihydro-1,3-thiazine from 2-phenyliminotetrahydro-1,3-thiazine by spectral methods? New glance to the old problem
Authors: Eshimbetov Alisher , Adizov Shahobiddin , Kaur Inderpreet , Reymov Akhmed
Published: March 2021

Several studies have reported the presence of amine and imine tautomeric forms for hydrogenated 1,3-thiazine derivatives. However, identification of their tautomeric forms by UV, FTIR and mass-spectral methods does not yield expected results. Here, we report the synthesis of 2-phenylaminodihydro-1,3-thiazine and 2-phenyliminotetrahydro-1,3-thiazine and the analysis of their UV, FTIR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectral data. An identical picture of UV spectra was recorded for both compounds. However, distinctive characteristics were found in the FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectra. The C=N band of amine form was observed in higher frequency region relative to imine form. The signal of C2 carbon of amine form in 13C NMR spectrum was occurred in more downfield (δ 165.3 ppm) relative to C2 signal of imine form (δ 152.1 ppm). In addition, the difference between C2 and C8 carbon signals of amine form was very high (Δδ = 30.6 ppm) relative to imine form (δ 5.4 ppm). The position of C2 and C8 signals and the difference between them in 13C NMR spectrum was found to be more promising in identification of tautomeric forms in case of hydrogenated 1,3-thiazine derivatives.
Sprouting bioprocess as a sustainable tool for enhancing durum wheat (Triticum durum) nutrients and bioactive compounds
Authors: Jribi Sarra , Anta Otilia Tamara , Molnàr Helga , Adànyi Nora , Fustos Zoltan , Naàr Zoltan , Kheriji Oussema , Amara Hajer , Debbabi Hajer
Published: March 2021

Background: Consumers are more aware of the role of healthy diet in preventing food-related diseases (Cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, etc.). Consequently, they are looking for products with beneficial nutritional attributes that encourage the food industry to develop functional foods. Aims: In this study, we aimed at using a natural bioprocess to improve durum wheat “Triticum durum” nutritional properties for its further use as a functional ingredient. Materials and Methods: Six durum wheat cultivars were tested: four high yielding and two landrace ones. Seeds were germinated for 48 hours at 22°C. Nutritional properties were evaluated through proximate composition and bioactive compounds (carotenoids, total phenol, vitamin C and tocopherols) levels. Results: Biochemical characterization of sprouted seeds showed significant modifications with a decrease in ash, starch contents and an increase in reducing sugars, and in proteins. Improvements in bioactive compounds were also observed in sprouted seeds. Vitamin C, tocopherols, total phenols, carotenoid pigments as well as antioxidant activity significantly increased after sprouting. Interestingly, durum wheat landrace cultivars showed the best performances. Conclusions: Results provided by our study proved that sprouting is an interesting natural tool to use in the food industry for the development of cereal products with added nutritional value.

Keywords: Durum wheat, bioactive compounds, nutritional properties, sprouting, vitamins.
Pre-exposure and Post-exposure new prophylactic treatments against COVID-19 in healthcare workers
Authors: Benarba Bachir , Gouri Adel
Published: March 2021

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 or novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection pandemic continues to spread. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 in Wuhan (China), healthcare workers have been infected and are considered at high risk of contamination. Moreover, in addition to the physical effects of COVID-19, the pandemic results in important mental health issues among healthcare workers such as anxiety, stress, depression, and further nervous or mental disorders. Despite the increasing number of clinical trials aiming to develop vaccines or test antiviral molecules, till now no efficient anti- SARS-CoV-2 drugs have been validated. The COVID-19 pandemic led us to call for an urgent nutritional intervention model that should be established to prevent and/or reduce the negative impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers. In the present paper, we suggest a safe nutritional supplementation of Mg-Zn- B vitamins (B1, B6, B9, and B12) in healthcare workers as pre-exposure and post-exposure new prophylactic treatments. Furthermore, the paper reports the scientific arguments and the possible mechanisms by which the Mg-Zn- B vitamins supplementation may exert its beneficial effects in the healthcare workers facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, the Mg-Zn- B vitamins supplementation would enhance the immune response against SARS-CoV2, prevent inflammatory processes and oxidative stress, fight or alleviate the COVID-19-related mental health issues, or even reduce the replication. Each element of the supplementation possesses important and promising effects contributing to the possible efficiency of the suggested Mg-Zn- B vitamins supplementation in healthcare workers.

Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Supplementation, Zinc, Magnesium, Vitamins B.
Statistical study of the relationship between hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes in rural population of Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
Authors: Lefsih Khalef , Dahmani Dalila , Cherrad Rabah , Lalaoui Souad , Amrar Sarah
Published: March 2021

Aim: The main objective of our work was to assess the relationship between type 2 diabetes, hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia in the population of Tizi-Ouzou. By evaluating the relationship between hyperuricemia and some blood lipid parameters, we thus establish, in type 2 diabetes, the correlation between uremia and these lipid parameters. Subjects and methods: The survey was carried out by means of an individual questionnaire. We excluded from our study pregnant women, patients with cancer, patients with end-stage renal disease and subjects who did not respond to the questionnaire. Results: Serum uric acid level increased with age (p = 0.025). Hyperuricemia was associated with heart disease (p = 0.0007). All patients with gout presented an elevated serum uric acid (p = 0.000001). Dyslipidemia was more common in patients with elevated serum uric acid levels (p = 0.0008). Triglyceridemia was significantly associated with hyperuricemia (p = 0.025). The relationship between type 2 diabetes and glomerular filtration rate was not significant, while the latter was decreased in patients with elevated serum uric acid levels (p = 0.0001). In, stratified analysis, age was effect modifier, the age-dependent results make us understand that resistance to insulin constitutes a significant factor of hyperuricemia. Conclusion: The association between hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes emphasizes that insulin resistance acts on both lipid parameters and uricemia. A diet correcting dyslipidemia may also correct the uricemia.

Keywords: Hyperuricemia, diabetes type 2, dyslipidemia, lipoproteins.
A DOCÊNCIA DO ENSINO SUPERIOR E O ADMINISTRADOR DOCENTE NO CONTEXTO CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: de Souza Dantas Hildeci
Published: March 2021

Este artigo apresenta um panorama dissertativo da Administração-docente bem como a sua relação direta do ensino superior com a docência ao papel que cabe ao administrador dentro do processo ensino e aprendizagem. Neste é apresentado uma luz sob a direção da docência dentro da formação de especialista em docência em administração no nível superior, porém, traz a partir das ideias de alguns autores da importância de se utilizar à docência do ensino superior pedagogicamente em administração. Contudo, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa é dissertar a luz da docência do ensino superior o papel que cabe ao administrador-docente em nossos dias. O estudo é de caráter bibliográfico, no aspecto qualitativo, dentro de um padrão científico docente, ao qual teve como atividade-chave o papel do administrador/docência e suas prerrogativas. Para tanto, houve também uma crescente demanda de autores que demonstraram ao longo da pesquisa-artigo sua relação efetivamente estreita com o administrador e o fazer pedagógico, neste aspecto, a partir da sala de aula como seu objeto de ensino, pesquisa e administração. No ensino, o estudo, pautou-se, dentro do limiar da legislação para o ensino-docente. Na pesquisa à docência do ensino superior como seu aliado e na administração o caráter pedagógico, efetivando-se, como uma ciência que estuda a gestão administrativa como uma profissão pautando o homem na condição de alguém que ensina a fazer, ensina, a saber, como fazer e ensina como ser administrador-docente no contexto contemporâneo.
Kecerdasan Emosional dan Motivasi terhadap kinerja Karyawan pada PT.RisconRealty
Authors: Kumala Destiana
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecerdasan emosional  dan motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah PT. Riscon Realty, penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan survey sebagai instrument penelitian. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan PT. Riscon Realty. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 50 responden menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan kriteria tertentu. Dalam penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan Explanatory analisis dan prediktif dengan bantuan program SPSS 17.0

Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan kecerdasan emosional dan motivasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai R-Square 0.851 > Residual 0.24624 , kecerdasan emosional berpengaruh positif  dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai R-Square sebesar 0,890 > Residual 0,260  dan motivasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan perolehan nilai R-Square sebesar 0.825 > Residual 0,263.

Kata kunci : Kecerdasan Emosional, Motivasi, Kinerja Karyawan
Pemberian Pembiayaan Kendaraan Bermotor Pada Pt. Bpr Syariah Artha Madani Kantor Cabang Pembantu Syariah, Cikarang
Authors: Mutaufiq Ali
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui “Sistem Pemberian Pembiayaan Kendaraan Bermotor pada PT. BPR Syariah Artha Madani Kantor Cabang Pembantu Syariah Cikarang”. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian ini berfokus pada : 1. prosedur Pembiayaan Kendaraan Bermotor dengan akad Murabahah pada Bank Artha Madani KCPS Cikarang. 2. persyaratan dalam mengajukan Pembiayaan Kendaraan bermotor di Bank ArthaMadani KCPS Cikarang
Facial nerve palsy in otitis externa: A red flag?
Authors: Badaruddin Aliyya , Choo May May
Published: March 2021

Otitis externa is an infection of the external auditory canal. It rarely results in facial palsy except in severe cases such as necrotizing otitis externa, which is a life-threatening invasive infection of the external auditory canal. Early recognition with prompt and appropriate treatment of necrotizing otitis externa is crucial to prevent more sinister complications. Here we report a case of an elderly gentleman who presented with otitis externa and developed facial palsy a month later. We identified possible problems that may have led to the complication so that such an occurrence can be prevented in the future.
Dias de Festa no Mar: maritimidade, hierofanias e heortologia urbana na Salvador oitocentista
Authors: Paz Daniel Juracy Mellado
Published: March 2021

A Salvador oitocentista era profundamente dependente do mar: dele e das suas costas extraiu material de construção, riquezas e sustento diário, tendo a Baía de Todos os Santos como seu mare nostrum. Um aspecto dessa maritimidade particular eram as crenças e celebrações religiosas. Os trabalhadores do mar eram os devotos mais fiéis, mas era um interesse compartilhado pela sociedade indefesa diante das intempéries em terra e principalmente nas inevitáveis viagens por mar. Isso explicava a irrupção de hierofanias à beira-mar, festejadas dentro de um calendário anual, orientando a economia mundana e espiritual daquela sociedade. Nas possibilidades abertas de uma Heortologia Urbana, dessa relação entre Festas e Cidade, estudamos as articulações entre partes da cidade, seus arredores e lugares mais distantes, por meio de diversos tipos de deslocamento: procissões, romarias, corridas e entregas de presentes. Primeiro, identificamos os poderes extraterrenos que se vinculavam ao mar cultuados em Salvador no séc. XIX, no culto católico e o da Mãe d´Água, que fundia crenças africanas com uma matriz ameríndia prévia, além das ambivalentes relações desta com denominações de Nossa Senhora, manifestando-se em fontes, espelhos d´água, e locas e grutas à beira-mar. O passo seguinte foi rastrear as festas específicas. Algumas no Porto da cidade, como a Festa das Escadas e a do Bom Jesus dos Navegantes. Outras eram distantes da cidade, implicando em uma vistosa romaria náutica pela baía, sendo as mais importantes a de N. Sra. da Purificação e, depois, a de N. Sra. das Candeias. A solidariedade entre as localidades de pescadores se expressava nas festas, nos percursos das procissões e seus rituais, que iam de um santuário a outro, por simples que fossem. Na Península de Itapagipe, o antigo culto a santos dedicados ao mar encontrou um público maior, levando ao chamado “passar as festas”, precursor e motor do veraneio moderno, em torno do N. Sr. do Bonfim, com porte regional na Bahia. E, de maneira mais discreta na contracosta da península, a Entrega de Presentes à Mãe d´Água na Ribeira, o grande festejo na época dessa entidade, que nas primeiras décadas do séc. XX deslocou-se para Montserrate, perto dali. Nas localidades do litoral atlântico o retiro durante o verão, em algo movido por questões de saúde, levou à visibilidade daquelas festas antes marginais e à sua adoção pelos veranistas, com aporte de recursos e aumento de público. Ocorreu da Barra até a longínqua Itapuã, em especial no Rio Vermelho, que se consagrou como principal sítio de veraneio no final do séc. XIX, e como encerramento do ciclo festivo de verão, prenúncio do Carnaval. Assim os festejos explicam uma aproximação mais hierofânica ao mar, componente central para os hábitos e valores da cidade, e que chegaram mesmo a orientar sua urbanização, privilegiando os arrabaldes litorâneos antes da valorização moderna da beira-mar.
O Edifício Formac pelas lentes de João Alberto Fonseca da Silva
Authors: Catafesta Manuela , Bortoli Fábio
Published: March 2021

O propósito deste artigo é ampliar o debate sobre a história da fotografia no Rio Grande do Sul, mais especificamente sobre a prática da fotomontagem no campo da arquitetura, tendo em vista os raros estudos nessa área. A fotomontagem foi a modalidade de expressão capaz de ilustrar as novas possibilidades de simulação das transformações pelas quais passariam a capital gaúcha na década de 1950. Em Porto Alegre, o primeiro fotógrafo a utilizar a técnica da fotomontagem na arquitetura foi João Alberto Fonseca da Silva que, mesmo sendo autodidata, pode ser considerado um visionário na arte de fotografar. João Alberto utilizou essa técnica pioneiramente no Edifício Formac (1952), a partir da encomenda do arquiteto Carlos Alberto Holanda Mendonça. O objetivo do arquiteto era ilustrar, em etapa de projeto, a inserção do edifício em seu contexto, num período que a capital gaúcha passava por um notável processo de verticalização urbana. O artigo se vale da coleta, análise e divulgação de material de acervo, composto pelas etapas da fotomontagem e fotografias da construção do edifício Formac, que foi doado ao Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis pelo próprio fotógrafo, e que configura um importante registro da história da fotografia e da arquitetura gaúcha e brasileira, além de herança cultural sem precedentes no Rio Grande do Sul. Com isso, se espera colaborar para a divulgação do acervo fotográfico de João Alberto e para o entendimento de sua produção. A fotomontagem do Formac, que ainda hoje chama atenção pela qualidade técnica, expressividade e precisão, foi um elemento importante para a divulgação da nascente arquitetura moderna no contexto local.
Sobre a Praça das Artes
Authors: Kamita Joao Masao
Published: March 2021

Este artigo procura analisar o partido arquitetonico e urbanismo do projeto da Praça das Artes, construido entre 2006 e 2012, na cidade de Sao Paulo, pelo escritorio Brasil Arquitetura. Sua hipotese principal é a de que o projeto emite uma nota destoante em relaçao ao modelo brutalista vigente e, portanto, se aproxima de questoes contemporaneas da arquitetura.
Palavras-chave: Praça das Artes, Brasil Arquitetura, projeto
A luz da beleza: a doutrina de Leon Battista Alberti por Andrea Loewen
Authors: Bastos Rodrigo
Published: March 2021

A resenha versa sobre conceitos e reflexões fundamentais do pensamento e da obra de Leon Battista Alberti presentes no livro de Andrea Loewen: Lux pulchritudinis: sobre beleza e ornamento em Leon Battista Alberti.
A construção da ideia de patrimônio moderno no Brasil: valorações e práticas dos anos 1940 aos 2000
Authors: Nascimento Flávia Brito do
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo pretende discutir a construção da ideia de patrimônio moderno no Brasil a partir das ações do Iphan - Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, do Inepac – Instituto Estadual do Patrimônio cultural e do Condephaat – Conselho Estadual do Patrimônio Histórico, Arqueológico, Artístico e Turístico. Problematizando as primeiras ações de tombamento e os entrelaçamentos entre historiografia e patrimônio, pretende-se colocar em debate os crivos teóricos e as práticas discursivas do patrimônio no Brasil dos anos 1940 até os tombamentos icônicos, como os da obra completa de Oscar Niemeyer em 2007, por ocasião de seu centenário. Pretende-se debater as suas atribuições de valor, os entrelaçamentos com a história da arquitetura, as consagrações das individualidades arquitetônicas, pensando caminhos de seleção mais problematizadores.
Predicting turbidity and Aluminum in drinking water treatment plants using Hybrid Network (GA- ANN) and GEP
Authors: Alsaeed Ruba , Alaji Bassam , Ebrahim Mazen
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Turbidity is the most important parameter needed to check the status of drinking water, as it is an integrated parameter because its high values indicate high values of other parameters related to water quality. Coagulation and flocculation are the most essential processes for the removal of turbidity in drinking water treatment plants. Using alum coagulants increases the aluminum residuals in treated water, which have been linked to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.In this paper, a hybrid algorithm (GA-ANN) used to predict the turbidity values in the drinking water purification plant in Al Qusayr was used.The models were constructed using raw water data: turbidity of raw water, pH, conductivity, temperature, and coagulant dose, to predict the turbidity values coming out of the plant.Several models built and fitness detected for each model, the network with the highest fitness was selected, and then a hybrid prediction network was constructed.The selected network was the most able to predict turbidity of the outlet with high accuracy with a correlation coefficient (0. 9940) and a root mean square error of 0.1078.And 4 equations for determining the value of the residual aluminum was obtained using Gene expression method, and the best equation produced results with very good accuracy, in this regard it can be referred to RMSE = 0.02 R = 0.9 for the best model.
Non-Hydrostatic RegCM4 (RegCM4-NH): Model description and case studies over multiple domains
Authors: Coppola Erika , Stocchi Paolo , Pichelli Emanuela , Torres Alavez Jose Abraham , Glazer Russell , Giuliani Graziano , Di Sante Fabio , Nogherotto Rita , Giorgi Filippo
Published: March 2021

Abstract. We describe the development of a non-hydrostatic version of the regional climate model RegCM4, called RegCM4-NH, for use at convection-permitting resolutions. The non-hydrostatic dynamical core of the Mesoscale Model MM5 is introduced in the RegCM4, with some modifications to increase stability and applicability of the model to long-term climate simulations. Newly available explicit microphysics schemes are also described, and three case studies of intense convection events are carried out in order to illustrate the performance of the model. They are all run at convection-permitting grid spacing of 3 km over domains in northern California, Texas and the Lake Victoria region, without the use of parameterized cumulus convection. A substantial improvement is found in the simulations compared to corresponding coarser resolution (12 km) runs completed with the hydrostatic version of the model employing parameterized convection. RegCM4-NH is currently being used in different projects for regional climate simulations at convection permitting resolutions, and is intended to be a resource for users of the RegCM modeling system.
Critical transitions in the hydrological system: Early-warning signals and network analysis
Authors: Yang Xueli , Wang Zhi-Hua , Wang Chenghao
Published: March 2021

Abstract. In this study, we identified the critical transitions of hydrological processes including precipitation and potential evapotranspiration by analysing their early-warning signals and system-based network structures. The statistical early-warning signals are manifest in increasing trends of autocorrelation and variance in the hydrology system ranging from regional to global scales, prior to climate shifts in the 1970s and 1990s in agreement with observations. We further extended the conventional statistics-based measures of early-warning signals to system-based network analysis in urban areas across the contiguous United States. The topology of urban precipitation network features hub-periphery (clustering) and modular organization, with strong intra-regional connectivity and inter-regional gateways (teleconnection). We found that several network parameters (mean correlation coefficient, density, and clustering coefficient) gradually increased prior to the critical transition in the 1990s, signifying the enhanced synchronization among urban precipitation pattern. These topological parameters not only can serve as novel system-based early-warning signals to critical transitions in hydrological processes, but also shed new lights on structure-dynamic interactions in the complex hydrological system.
News media coverage of conflict and cooperation dynamics of water events in the Lancang–Mekong River basin
Authors: Wei Jing , Wei Yongping , Tian Fuqiang , Nott Natalie , de Wit Claire , Guo Liying , Lu You
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Riparian countries have their respective values and priorities for water
management, and their values of shared water have fundamental impacts for
their propensity to be involved in cooperative management and adhere to
treaties/agreements. However, there is limited understanding of the
changing values and interests of each riparian country. Taking the
Lancang–Mekong River basin as a case study, this paper aims to analyse the
evolution of water conflict and cooperation dynamics from the perspectives
of multiple countries. Newspaper articles were used as the key data source
as they provide insights into events reported on by the media that are
representative of each country/sector they are published within. The results
depict a trend of cooperative sentiments towards water events occurring
within the region. The six riparian countries (China, Myanmar, Laos,
Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam) had a greater average sentiment score
(0.5) for cooperation than international countries (0.16) for the majority
of the study period. The trend also shows that countries further downstream
showed lower cooperative sentiments, except for Vietnam (China 0.86, Myanmar
0.58, Laos 0.46, Thailand 0.34, Cambodia 0.13, Vietnam 0.91). Dam
infrastructure was often negatively reported (60 % of negatively reported
articles), which is therefore a major contributor to conflict for the
Lancang–Mekong River basin. Events that are positively reported are those
that aid in connecting leaders and project developers between riparian
countries including meetings, bilateral and multilateral cooperation, and
development projects. These findings provide the basis for further revealing
the mechanism of cooperation and conflicts as well as more proactively
managing cooperation and conflict in the Lancang–Mekong River basin and beyond.
Methane pathways in winter ice of a thermokarst lake–lagoon–coastal water transect in north Siberia
Authors: Spangenberg Ines , Overduin Pier Paul , Damm Ellen , Bussmann Ingeborg , Meyer Hanno , Liebner Susanne , Angelopoulos Michael , Biskaborn Boris K. , Grigoriev Mikhail N. , Grosse Guido
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The thermokarst lakes of permafrost regions play a major role in the global carbon cycle. These lakes are sources of methane to the atmosphere although the methane flux is restricted by an ice cover for most of the year. How methane concentrations and fluxes in these waters are affected by the presence of an ice cover is poorly understood. To relate water body morphology, ice formation and methane to each other, we studied the ice of three different water bodies in locations typical of the transition of permafrost from land to ocean in a continuous permafrost coastal region in Siberia.
In total, 11 ice cores were analyzed as records of the freezing process and methane composition during the winter season. The three water bodies differed in terms of connectivity to the sea, which affected fall freezing.
The first was a bay underlain by submarine permafrost (Tiksi Bay, BY), the second a shallow thermokarst lagoon cut off from the sea in winter (Polar Fox Lagoon, LG) and the third a land-locked freshwater thermokarst lake (Goltsovoye Lake, LK). Ice on all water bodies was mostly methane-supersaturated with respect to atmospheric equilibrium concentration, except for three cores from the isolated lake. In the isolated thermokarst lake, ebullition from actively thawing basin slopes resulted in the localized integration of methane into winter ice. Stable δ13CCH4 isotope signatures indicated that methane in the lagoon ice was oxidized to concentrations close to or below the calculated atmospheric equilibrium concentration. Increasing salinity during winter freezing led to a micro-environment on the lower ice surface where methane oxidation occurred and the lagoon ice functioned as a methane sink. In contrast, the ice of the coastal marine environment was slightly supersaturated with methane, consistent with the brackish water below.
Our interdisciplinary process study shows how water body morphology affects ice formation which mitigates methane fluxes to the atmosphere.
Geometric Controls of Tidewater Glacier Dynamics
Authors: Frank Thomas , Åkesson Henning , de Fleurian Basile , Morlighem Mathieu , Nisancioglu Kerim H.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Retreat of marine outlet glaciers often initiates depletion of inland ice through dynamic adjustments of the upstream glacier. The local topography of a fjord may promote or inhibit such retreat, and therefore fjord geometry constitutes a critical control on ice sheet mass balance. To quantify the processes of ice-topography interactions and enhance the understanding of the dynamics involved, we analyze a multitude of topographic fjord settings and scenarios using the Ice-sheet and Sea-level System Model (ISSM). We systematically study glacier retreat through a variety of artificial fjord geometries and quantify the modeled dynamics directly in relation to topographic features. We find that retreat in an upstream widening or deepening fjord does not necessarily promote retreat, but conversely, may stabilize a glacier because converging ice flow towards a constriction enhances lateral shear. An upstream narrowing or shoaling fjord, in turn, may promote retreat since fjord walls or bed provide little stability to the glacier where ice flow diverges. Furthermore, we identify distinct quantitative relationships directly linking grounding line discharge and retreat rate to fjord topography, and transfer these results to a long-term study of the retreat of Jakobshavn Isbræ. These findings offer new perspectives on ice-topography interactions, and give guidance to an ad-hoc assessment of future topographically induced ice loss based on knowledge of the upstream fjord geometry.
Memoirs and diaries of prisoners of German camps and forced labourers in East Prussia in the collection of the library of the North Institute of Wojciech Kętrzyński in Olsztyn
Authors: Figura-Osełkowska Emilia
Published: March 2021

Spis materiałów wspomnieniowych i pamiętnikarskich dotyczących więźniów obozów niemieckich oraz robotników przymusowych w Prusach Wschodnich znajdujących się w bibliotece Instytutu Północnego im. W. Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie został sporządzony na podstawie aktualnego katalogu biblioteki w oparciu o opracowanie Zbigniewa Frasa – Materiały pamiętnikarskie w zbiorach Ośrodka Badań Naukowych im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego, którego jest uzupełnieniem i rozszerzeniem o publikacje oraz materiały zgromadzone w dziale zbiorów specjalnych po 1985 roku. Celem niniejszego zestawienia tematycznego było przede wszystkim zebranie i uaktualnienie dokumentacji do obecnego stanu wiedzy, wyjaśnienie różnic między opracowaniem, katalogiem, a stanem faktycznym oraz poprawienie zauważonych błędów.
Eastern Prussia’s border with Poland in the years 1919–1922
Authors: Wyżlic Tomasz
Published: March 2021

Signed on 28 June 1919 in the Hall of Mirrors of the Palace of Versailles, this peace treaty established a new political order in Europe. Poland gained the Poznań lands, excluding Wschowa, Babimost, Międzyrzecz and Skwierzyna, and a larger part of the Royal Prussia (a total of 45 463 km2 and a little over three million inhabitants). Determining Polish borders was a process largely affected by the British Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, who was reluctant in his attitude towards Poland. He opposed any solution that would increase the role of France in Europe. The final shape of the borders was to be a task of the Allied and Associated Powers. After a heated debate, the Legislative Sejm of Poland ratified a peace treaty with Germany on 31 July 1919. It took effect on 10 January 1920. The peace treaty also arranged a plebiscite in parts of Eastern and Western Prussia, which was to determine the Polish or German affiliation of Warmia, Masuria and Powiśle. Only after that event the Boundary Commission began its delimitation works. The results of the plebiscite were unfavourable for Poland as it gained only small territories. The commission in the field focused on establishing the borders in the light of the peace treaty, so along the former German-Russian border until the Vistula river and then along it up to the Free City of Danzig.
Manuscripts of the Dönhoffs from Drogosze in Eastern Prussia stored in the University Library in Toruń
Authors: Mycio Andrzej
Published: March 2021

The University Library in Toruń was founded in 1945, along with the Nicolaus Copernicus University. In quite a short time, namely in the years 1945-1949, it gathered a large library collection of about 600 000 volumes of books, journals and special collection items. Thanks to Maria Strutyńska’s research, it is known that the Toruń collection of old prints gathered 418 library items in 844 volumes which were actually found in the palace library in Drogosze. These prints mainly include 18th century writings in French. This article analyses the manuscripts found in the Drogosze palace that are currently being held at the University Library in Toruń. It is a group of 16 in-ventory items in 24 volumes. One text regards the military and was written by Friedrich von Dönhoff (1639–1696), father of Bogusław Friedrich von Dönhoff, the builder of the Drogosze palace. All other items mainly consist of correspondence and journals of two generations of the Dönhoff family and one generation of the Stolberg-Wer-nigerode family.
Funding of Catholic clergy in the Klaipeda Region between 1923 and 1939
Authors: Jodkowski Marek
Published: March 2021

W 1923 r. w Okręgu Kłajpedy znajdowały się następujące katolickie parafie: Kłajpeda, Robkojen,
Szyłokarczma i parafia misyjna w Wischwill. W 1932 r. utworzono jeszcze samodzielną placówkę duszpasterską
w Pogegen. Ze względu na ich niski status materialny, nie były w stanie zapewnić pracującym w nim duszpas�terzom należnego wynagrodzenia. Pensje otrzymywali oni m.in. z budżetu Okręgu Kłajpedy. O ich godziwe up�osażenie troszczyła się diecezja warmińska, której podlegały parafie Nadniemna do czasu ogłoszenia bulli Piusa XI
Lituanorum gente z 4 kwietnia 1926 r. Mimo zmiany przynależności politycznej tego regionu wsparcie finansowe
na rzecz pruskiego duchowieństwa katolickiego gwarantowała również Republika Weimarska, która zabiegała
o krzewienie niemieckości w Okręgu Kłajpedy.
The image of Warmia and Masurian in Saint Petersburg’s “Kraj” (1882-1909)
Authors: Grabski Maciej
Published: March 2021

The article presents the image of Warmia and Masurian which was created in Saint Petersburg’s weekly “Kraj”. The chronological frames are related to the events from the foundation of “Kraj” to its closure (1882–1909).
The Activities of the Olsztyn Branch of the State Studios for Conservation of
Cultural Property in the light of the State Archives in Olsztyn
Authors: Włodarczyk Katarzyna
Published: March 2021

By an ordinance of 25 August 1950, the Minister of Culture and Arts created the State Studios for Conservation of Cultural Property (PP PKZ) based in Warsaw. The company carried out conservation works of monuments, prepared technical documentation of historic buildings and conducted architectural and conservation supervision during various works. One of the first branches of the Enterprise was the Branch of PP PKZ in Gdańsk, established in March 1951. Its territorial coverage extended across the area of northern Poland from Szczecin to
Olsztyn. It was subordinated to the branches of “Works Group Management” in Szczecin and Koszalin (1958), Toruń and Elbląg (1959), Malbork (1960), and Słupsk (1977). From 1961, there was a branch in Olsztyn: PP PKZ
Branch in Gdańsk, Olsztyn Department. This operated in the then Olsztyn Province and partly in the neighbouring provinces (Suwałki, Elbląg and Ciechanów). In 1980, the General Director of PP PKZ in Warsaw created PP
PKZ Branch in Olsztyn, which began work from 1 January 1981. Its main task was to prepare technical and historical documentation needed for the conservation of monuments, exercise architectural and conservation management during the implementation of works, the conservation of monuments, perform security works, ongoing repairs, the repair, reconstruction and adaptation of monuments, and to perform specialised situational - height and inventory measurements. The Olsztyn branch ended its operations in 1990. Its functions were taken over by
a company established after privatisation under the name the Polish Labs for the Preservation of Monuments Sp.
z o.o. in Olsztyn.