bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multivariate approach to investigate the associations of electrophysiological indices with schizophrenia clinical and functional outcome
Authors: Giuliani Luigi , Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Giordano Giulia Maria , Koenig Thomas , Mucci Armida , Perrottelli Andrea , Reuf Anne , Altamura Mario , Bellomo Antonello , Brugnoli Roberto , Corrivetti Giulio , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Girardi Paolo , Monteleone Palmiero , Niolu Cinzia , Galderisi Silvana , Maj Mario ,   Italian Network for Research on Psychoses
Published: May 2023

Background

Different electrophysiological (EEG) indices have been investigated as possible biomarkers of schizophrenia. However, these indices have a very limited use in clinical practice, as their associations with clinical and functional outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations of multiple EEG markers with clinical variables and functional outcomes in subjects with schizophrenia (SCZs).

Methods

Resting-state EEGs (frequency bands and microstates) and auditory event-related potentials (MMN-P3a and N100-P3b) were recorded in 113 SCZs and 57 healthy controls (HCs) at baseline. Illness- and functioning-related variables were assessed both at baseline and at 4-year follow-up in 61 SCZs. We generated a machine-learning classifier for each EEG parameter (frequency bands, microstates, N100-P300 task, and MMN-P3a task) to identify potential markers discriminating SCZs from HCs, and a global classifier. Associations of the classifiers’ decision scores with illness- and functioning-related variables at baseline and follow-up were then investigated.

Results

The global classifier discriminated SCZs from HCs with an accuracy of 75.4% and its decision scores significantly correlated with negative symptoms, depression, neurocognition, and real-life functioning at 4-year follow-up.

Conclusions

These results suggest that a combination of multiple EEG alterations is associated with poor functional outcomes and its clinical and cognitive determinants in SCZs. These findings need replication, possibly looking at different illness stages in order to implement EEG as a possible tool for the prediction of poor functional outcome.
A Remote Symptom Monitoring Tool As Part of Ambulatory Cancer Surgery Recovery: A Qualitative Analysis of Patient Experience
Authors: McCready Taylor M. , Stabile Cara , Vickers Andrew , Ancker Jessica S. , Pusic Andrea , Temple Larissa K.F. , Simon Brett A. , Carter Jeanne
Published: May 2023

PURPOSE

Patients recovering from ambulatory cancer surgery at home may find it difficult to determine whether their postoperative symptoms are normal or potentially serious. We developed the Recovery Tracker to help patients navigate such issues. The Recovery Tracker is a 10-day, web-based electronic survey that monitors symptoms daily and provides feedback as to whether reported symptoms are expected or require follow-up. We sought to examine patient perceptions using this tool.

METHODS

Semistructured interviews were conducted from August 2017 to September 2019 with a convenience sample of patients from a larger randomized controlled trial of the Recovery Tracker. Patients undergoing surgery at an ambulatory cancer center dedicated to the surgical treatment of breast, gynecologic, urologic, head, and neck cancers and benign tumors were included. Thematic analysis was applied to derive key themes and codes via NVivo qualitative analysis software. Recruitment was conducted iteratively until thematic saturation.

RESULTS

Forty-three patients were interviewed. Interview responses were organized into five main themes: (1) The Recovery Tracker led to more seamless communication with the care team; (2) symptoms not expected or not listed on the Recovery Tracker caused stress; (3) the Recovery Tracker was perceived as an extension of care, prompting reflection about symptoms and recovery; (4) Enhanced Feedback provided reassurance and helped set expectations; and (5) the Recovery Tracker was easy to use.

CONCLUSION

The patient experience of electronic symptom monitoring and feedback is congruent with the aims of such monitoring and feedback. Further qualitative research is required in more diverse populations.
Monogamy relations of entropic non-contextual inequalities and their experimental demonstration
Authors: Singh Dileep , Singh Jaskaran , Dorai Kavita , Arvind
Published: May 2023

We analyze monogamous relationships of abritrary entropic non-contextuality (ENC) inequalities via a graph theoretic approach. While ENC inequalities are important in quantum information theory, a theoretical and experimental understanding of their monogamous nature is still elusive. We analyze conditions for ENC inequalities to exhibit a monogamous relationship and derive the same explicitly for an entropic version of the Bell-CHSH scenario. Next, we consider two different sets of three qubit states and experimentally show that they exhibit monogamy of entropic Bell-CHSH inequality. The monogamous relationship of these inequalities is theoretically exhibited via an insightful proof and is experimentally demonstrated on an NMR quantum information processor. We also develop a novel and easy-to-implement experimental method to evaluate entropies on an NMR quantum information processor using only the information about expectation values of the observables.
Photorealistic 3-Dimensional Models of the Anatomy and Neurosurgical Approaches to the V2, V3, and V4 Segments of the Vertebral Artery
Authors: Spiriev Toma , Nakov Vladimir , Cornelius Jan F.
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:

The vertebral artery (VA) has a tortuous course subdivided into 4 segments (V1-V4). For neurosurgeons, a thorough knowledge of the 3-dimensional (3D) anatomy at different segments is a prerequisite for safe surgery. New technologies allowing creation of photorealistic 3D models may enhance the anatomic understanding of this complex region.

OBJECTIVE:

To create photorealistic 3D models illustrating the anatomy and surgical steps needed for safe neurosurgical exposure of the VA.

METHODS:

We dissected 2 latex injected cadaver heads. Anatomic layered dissections were performed on the first specimen. On the second specimen, the two classical approaches to the VA (far lateral and anterolateral) were realized. Every step of dissection was scanned using photogrammetry technology that allowed processing of 3D data from 2-dimensional photographs by a simplified algorithm mainly based on a dedicated mobile phone application and open-source 3D modeling software. For selected microscopic 3D anatomy, we used an operating microscope to generate 3D models.

RESULTS:

Classic anatomic (n=17) and microsurgical (n=12) 3D photorealistic models based on cadaver dissections were created. The models allow observation of the spatial relations of each anatomic structure of interest and have an immersive view of the approaches to the V2-V4 segments of the VA. Once generated, these models may easily be shared on any digital device or web-based platforms for 3D visualization.

CONCLUSIONS:

Photorealistic 3D scanning technology is a promising tool to present complex anatomy in a more comprehensive way. These 3D models can be used for education, training, and potentially preoperative planning.
Esrrγa regulates nephron and ciliary development by controlling prostaglandin synthesis
Authors: Wesselman Hannah M. , Flores-Mireles Ana L. , Bauer Aidan , Pei Liming , Wingert Rebecca A.
Published: May 2023

Cilia are essential for the ontogeny and function of many tissues, including the kidney. Here, we report that transcription factor ERRγ ortholog estrogen related receptor gamma a (Esrrγa) is essential for renal cell fate choice and ciliogenesis in zebrafish. esrrγa deficiency altered proximodistal nephron patterning, decreased the multiciliated cell populace and disrupted ciliogenesis in the nephron, Kupffer's vesicle and otic vesicle. These phenotypes were consistent with interruptions in prostaglandin signaling, and we found that ciliogenesis was rescued by PGE2 or the cyclooxygenase enzyme Ptgs1. Genetic interaction revealed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (Ppargc1a), which acts upstream of Ptgs1-mediated prostaglandin synthesis, has a synergistic relationship with Esrrγa in the ciliogenic pathway. These ciliopathic phenotypes were also observed in mice lacking renal epithelial cell (REC) ERRγ, where significantly shorter cilia formed on proximal and distal tubule cells. Decreased cilia length preceded cyst formation in REC-ERRγ knockout mice, suggesting that ciliary changes occur early during pathogenesis. These data position Esrrγa as a novel link between ciliogenesis and nephrogenesis through regulation of prostaglandin signaling and cooperation with Ppargc1a.
Proximity labelling identifies pro-migratory endocytic recycling cargo and machinery of the Rab4 and Rab11 families
Authors: Wilson Beverley , Flett Chloe , Gemperle Jakub , Lawless Craig , Hartshorn Matthew , Hinde Eleanor , Harrison Tess , Chastney Megan , Taylor Sarah , Allen Jennifer , Norman Jim C. , Zacharchenko Thomas , Caswell Patrick T.
Published: May 2023

Endocytic recycling controls the return of internalised cargoes to the plasma membrane to coordinate their positioning, availability and downstream signalling. The Rab4 and Rab11 small GTPase families regulate distinct recycling routes, broadly classified as fast recycling from early endosomes (Rab4) and slow recycling from perinuclear recycling endosomes (Rab11), and both routes handle a broad range of overlapping cargoes to regulate cell behaviour. We adopted a proximity labelling approach, BioID, to identify and compare the protein complexes recruited by Rab4a, Rab11a and Rab25 (a Rab11 family member implicated in cancer aggressiveness), revealing statistically robust protein–protein interaction networks of both new and well-characterised cargoes and trafficking machinery in migratory cancer cells. Gene ontological analysis of these interconnected networks revealed that these endocytic recycling pathways are intrinsically connected to cell motility and cell adhesion. Using a knock-sideways relocalisation approach, we were further able to confirm novel links between Rab11, Rab25 and the ESCPE-1 and retromer multiprotein sorting complexes, and identify new endocytic recycling machinery associated with Rab4, Rab11 and Rab25 that regulates cancer cell migration in the 3D matrix.
Des quartiers à la mode
Authors: Σουλιώτης Νικόλαος
Published: May 2023

Η διατριβή εξετάζει τον τρόπο με τον οποίο οι αγορές διασκέδασης και τέχνης μετασχηματίζουν τον αστικό χώρο στην Αθήνα. Η έρευνα στην οποία βασίζεται είναι εθνογραφική και διεξήχθη στις περιοχές του Ψυρρή στο κέντρο της Αθήνας και του Μπουρναζίου στο Περιστέρι.
Suspension of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) as an intraoperative wound irrigation to prevent infection after fracture fixation
Authors: Phatama Krisna Yuarno , Dradjat Respati S. , Mustamsir Edi , Nurhidayati Dwi Yuni , Santosaningsih Dewi , Utomo Dwikora Novembri , Hidayat Mohamad
Published: May 2023

Background: Infection after fracture fixation (IAFF) associated with an implant in orthopaedic surgery is a feared complication, leading to non-union, loss of function, amputation, and even mortality and morbidity to the patient. A biofilm formation on the implant surface increases the difficulty of treatment. Therefore, surgical infection prevention with an effective antiseptic solution is required. This study aims to reveal more about the antibacterial effect of ZnO-NP suspension, particularly Staphylococcus aureus and its biofilm, in preventing surgical infection.

Method: An in vitro experimental study with a posttest-only control group design was used to see the antimicrobial activity and inhibitory effect of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation between a 20% zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NP) suspension (20 mg/mL) compared to 0.3% povidone-iodine solution. The statistical result was tested using an independent t-test antibacterial activity. Meanwhile biofilm identification was evaluated using Mann-Whitney & Kruskal Wallis test for each group.

Result: 20% ZnO-NP suspension has a minimum inhibitory concentration at 4 g/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration at 16 g/mL, same as 0.3% povidone-iodine administration and its statistically significant (p-value 0.001). Minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration was seen at a concentration of 20% ZnO-NP suspension of 2 μg, while at higher doses, it showed lysis of bacterial cells.

Conclusion: 20% ZnO-NP suspension is a promising solution for preventing surgical infection due to its antibacterial and antibiofilm effects.
Modern demographic processes: health and healthcare
Authors: Shabunova Aleksandra , Kalachikova Ol'ga , Gruzdeva Mariya , Kalashnikov Konstantin , Kondakova Natal'ya , Korolenko Aleksandra , Nacun Leyla , Shmatova Yuliya , Uskova T.
Published: May 2023

The textbook examines theoretical and methodological issues of public health research, provides a comprehensive assessment of public health in the region based on relevant quantitative and qualitative parameters, identifies factors that affect health, and also considers the functioning of the health system.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students in the master's degree in the field of training 38.04.01 "Economics" (focus: regional economy and territorial development, firm economics), as well as for teachers of higher educational institutions, researchers, students, postgraduates, specialists of health authorities and anyone interested in this topic.
Auditing Standards of Islamic Financial Institutions and Code of Ethics for Islamic Finance Specialists (AAOIFI - AAOIFI)
Authors: Harisova Firdaus , Derzaeva Guzel' , Harisov Il'dar , Umarov Husan , Nesterov Vladimir , Yusupova Al'fiya
Published: May 2023

The textbook reveals the content of the auditing standards of Islamic financial institutions, the management standard "Internal Sharia Audit" and the new Code of Ethics for specialists in Islamic finance. They are developed and published by the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI — AAOIFI), registered in Bahrain. The new Code began to be applied from the financial period beginning on January 1, 2021. Auditing, management standards and the Code of Ethics for Islamic Finance Professionals have been fully or partially adopted as mandatory regulatory requirements in countries such as Bahrain, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Mauritius, Nigeria, Qatar, Oman, Pakistan, Sudan, Syria, Yemen.
The textbook includes questions and tasks for self-examination, test tasks, a glossary.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For undergraduates, as well as anyone who wants to systematically study the issues of standardization of audit and business ethics according to Islamic principles.
Fundamentals of metrology, standardization and certification
Authors: Gribanov Dmitriy , Vyacheslavova Ol'ga , Vereschagin Sergey
Published: May 2023

The textbook discusses the basics of metrology, certification as a form of conformity assessment and standardization in the Russian Federation in accordance with the federal laws "On Technical Regulation" and "On ensuring the uniformity of measurements".
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of higher educational institutions studying in the areas of training 27.03.01 "Standardization and metrology", 27.03.02 "Quality management".
Mathematical statistics. Workshop
Authors: Apal'kova Tamara , Glebov Vladimir , Zadadaev Sergey , Krivolapov Sergey , Levchenko Kirill , Belotelov Nikolay , Shashkov Oleg
Published: May 2023

The textbook presents the conditions of problems and solutions of examples in the main sections of mathematical statistics using Microsoft Excel and the R language.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of higher educational institutions studying in economic specialties.
Office work
Authors: Bykova Tat'yana , Vyalova Larisa , Kukarina Yuliya , Sankina Larisa
Published: May 2023

The textbook reflects the main stages of the formation and development of the domestic office management system. The characteristic of the current legislative and regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation regulating modern standards of work with documents is given. The modern requirements for the registration of documents are considered; the problems of the creation and operation of the office management service are outlined; the description of the main technological operations of the documentation support of management is given.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of higher educational institutions studying in the field of "Documentation and archival science".
The language of the leader of the social group, or "Dancing in the rain".
Authors: Harchenko V.K.
Published: May 2023

The monograph presents approaches to improving the speech culture of people interacting with various social groups, including young people. The ways of improving the professional and personal competence of modern leaders are revealed. The attractiveness of language as a means of influencing the social attitudes of public opinion leaders is emphasized. The author also focuses on behavioral norms during voting, tips for preparing a competent public speech, analysis of life paradoxes.
It is intended for sociologists, specialists in youth work, journalists, philologists of a wide profile.
Russian symbolism as a philosophy of personality. Conceptual analysis of social aesthetics
Authors: Romanov Dmitriy , Panyukov Aleksandr , Ivleva Marina
Published: May 2023

The monograph for the first time explores Russian symbolism as an independent philosophical school with a developed doctrine of personality. Actualization of this direction from the perspective of modern realities allows us to take a fresh look at the process of conceptual search for the beginnings of personal reality and fill in semantic gaps at various levels of its comprehension. The theurgic, life-creating, sophiological and biographical concepts, which are explicated in the philosophy of Russian symbolism, acquire their relevance in modern personalistic discourse, since they relate to the deep spiritual foundations of the coexistence of personality and society, issues of identity and self-realization. The author shows how the philosophy of theurgy, presented by the Russian symbolists, can be used as a method of forming a metasystem discipline - social aesthetics.
It is intended for students and postgraduates studying Russian philosophy, specialists in aesthetics, philosophy of religion and social philosophy, literary and cultural studies, as well as for a wide range of researchers of Russian thought of the XIX—XX centuries. and all those interested in the phenomenon of symbolism.
Methodological problems of criminal law and criminology: epistemological perspective
Authors: Shihanov Vladimir , Yuzihanova El'vira , Parhomenko Svetlana , Smirnov Aleksey
Published: May 2023

The monograph is devoted to some modern theoretical and methodological problems of criminal law and criminology. The focus is on the noted difficulties of interaction between these branches of scientific knowledge, the difference in their views on crime and criminality, on measures to establish law and order. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of the evolution of these views from the point of view of understanding the genesis of criminal behavior and attempts to change the type of rationality.
For researchers dealing with criminal law and criminology, sociology of law, legal hermeneutics, for teachers, graduate students and students of educational organizations, as well as anyone interested in the evolution of human knowledge about countering crime.
Migration activity as a type of law enforcement activity
Authors: Trifonova (Kazaryan) , Rubanik Vladimir , Dzhagaryan Natal'ya
Published: May 2023

The monograph is devoted to the peculiarities of legal regulation of migration activity. A retrospective analysis of the category "migration activity" based on the study of pre-revolutionary and Soviet experience, the experience of a number of foreign countries has been studied. The features of the legal nature of migration activity, its content and structural elements are highlighted.
Some issues in the field of institutional and legal support, migration activities, including the problems of the separation of powers between the bodies engaged in migration activities, are also highlighted.
In the conditions of modern Russian reality, it is necessary to adopt a uniform, universal legal model of migration activity.
It is intended for cadets, students, adjuncts, postgraduates, applicants engaged in research in these fields, as well as for teachers and researchers of universities.
Infectivity of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus from Contaminated Maize Seeds
Authors: Kimani Esther Nyambura , Muriki Laureen Gatwiri , Micheni Cyrus Mugambi , Kiarie Samuel Mwaura , Miano Douglas Watuku , Macharia Isaac , Muiru William Maina , Prasanna Boddupalli , Wangai Wangai
Published: May 2023

Seeds have been identified as major sources of introduction and spread of pathogens, with viruses being detected in the seed and also on the seed coat. In this study, the infectivity of Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) through seeds was investigated. Maize seeds that had tested positive for MCMV previously using double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real time RT-PCR) were obtained from various sources. The seeds were soaked in phosphate buffer overnight and the solution used to inoculate maize seedlings. The whole seed was also ground and mixed with the buffer and used for inoculation of seedlings by hand rubbing. Visible MCMV symptoms were observed on less than 2% of the 547 seedlings inoculated with the seed soak and seed extract from contaminated seed 28 days after inoculation and this was confirmed using DAS-ELISA. Use of real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed infectivity of MCMV from one of the seed sources used. The mean cycle threshold (Ct) values of samples that showed infectivity ranged from 28.21 to 29.40 cycles. The means were significantly different (P<0.001) from the other samples tested, the healthy and negative controls. When compared to seedlings inoculated with MCMV-infected leaf sap, there was visible development of symptoms associated with MCMV infection, with a severity score of three and Ct values as low as 11.53. The results show evidence of infection of MCMV on maize seedlings caused by virus present in seed extract. Despite rare occurrence of infectivity, the presence of viable virus may cause spread of the virus in the field, leading to development of maize lethal necrosis disease where a cereal potyvirus is present.
Gaussian beam diffraction from radial structures: detailed study on the diffraction from sinusoidal amplitude radial gratings
Authors: Azizkhani Razieh , Hebri Davud , Rasouli Saifollah
Published: May 2023

In this work, we report a comprehensive theoretical investigation on the diffraction of a Gaussian beam from structured radial apertures. In particular, the study of near- and far-field diffraction of a Gaussian beam from an amplitude radial grating having a sinusoidal profile provides new theoretical insights and possible applications. We observe a high self-healing feature at far-field for the Gaussian beam in the diffraction from amplitude radial structures. It is also shown that by increasing the spokes number of the grating, the strength of the self-healing decreases, and reforming of the diffracted pattern into a Gaussian beam occurs at longer propagation distances. The energy flow towards the central lobe of the diffraction pattern and its dependence on the propagation distance are also investigated. In the near-field regime, the diffraction pattern is very similar to the intensity distribution in the central area of the radial carpet beams generated in the diffraction of a plane wave from the same grating. It is shown that by optimally choosing the waist radius of the Gaussian beam, in the near-field regime, it is possible to have a petal-like diffraction pattern, which has been experimentally used in multiple-particle trapping. Compared to radial carpet beams, since in this case there is no energy in the geometric shadow of the radial spokes of the grating, the main part of the power of the incident Gaussian beam is transferred to the main intensity spots of the petal-like pattern, which significantly increases the multi-particle trapping efficiency. We also show that regardless of the grating spokes number, at the far field, the diffraction pattern becomes a Gaussian beam, and its power share reaches 2/3 of the total power passed through the grating.
Nonlinear chaotic dynamics in nonlocal plasmonic core-shell nanoparticle dimer
Authors: Huang Yang , Gao Lei , Ma Pujuan , Jiang Xinchen , Fan Wenping , Shalin Alexander S.
Published: May 2023

Plasmonic nanoparticles can be employed as a promising integrated platform for lumped optical nanoelements with unprecedentedly high integration capacity and efficient nanoscale ultrafast nonlinear functionality. Further minimizing the size of plasmonic nanoelements will lead to a rich variety of nonlocal optical effects due to the nonlocal nature of electrons in plasmonic materials. In this work, we theoretically investigate the nonlinear chaotic dynamics of the plasmonic core-shell nanoparticle dimer consisting of a nonlocal plasmonic core and a Kerr-type nonlinear shell at nanometer scale. This kind of optical nanoantennae could provide novel switching functionality: tristable, astable multivibrators, and chaos generator. We give a qualitative analysis on the influence of nonlocality and aspect ratio of core-shell nanoparticles on the chaos regime as well as on the nonlinear dynamical processing. It is demonstrated that considering nonlocality is very important in the design of such nonlinear functional photonic nanoelements with ultra-small size. Compared to solid nanoparticles, core-shell nanoparticles provide an additional freedom to adjust their plasmonic property hence tuning the chaotic dynamic regime in the geometric parameter space. This kind of nanoscale nonlinear system could be the candidate for a nonlinear nanophotonic device with a tunable nonlinear dynamical response.
Impact of site-selective spectroscopy on laser cooling parameter characterization
Authors: Topper Brian , Kuhn Stefan , Neumann Alexander , Albrecht Alexander R. , Flores Angel S. , Hässner Denny , Hein Sigrun , Hupel Christian , Nold Johannes , Haarlammert Nicoletta , Schreiber Thomas , Sheik-Bahae Mansoor , Mafi Arash
Published: May 2023

From laser design to optical refrigeration, experimentally measured fluorescence spectra are often utilized to obtain input parameters for predictive models. However, in materials that exhibit site-selectivity, the fluorescence spectra depend on the excitation wavelength employed to take the measurement. This work explores different conclusions that predictive models reach after inputting such varied spectra. Here, temperature-dependent site-selective spectroscopy is carried out on an ultra-pure Yb, Al co-doped silica rod fabricated by the modified chemical vapor deposition technique. The results are discussed in the context of characterizing ytterbium doped silica for optical refrigeration. Measurements made between 80 K and 280 K at several different excitation wavelengths yield unique values and temperature dependencies of the mean fluorescence wavelength. For the excitation wavelengths studied here, the variation in emission lineshapes ultimately lead to calculated minimum achievable temperatures (MAT) ranging between 151 K and 169 K, with theoretical optimal pumping wavelengths between 1030 nm and 1037 nm. Direct evaluation of the temperature dependence of the fluorescence spectra band area associated with radiative transitions out of the thermally populated 2F5/2 sublevel may be a better approach to identifying the MAT of a glass where site-selective behavior precludes unique conclusions.
Electro-optic transduction in silicon via gigahertz-frequency nanomechanics
Authors: Zhao Han , Bozkurt Alkim , Mirhosseini Mohammad
Published: May 2023

Interfacing electronics with optical fiber networks is key to the
long-distance transfer of classical and quantum information.
Piezo-optomechanical transducers enable such interfaces by using
gigahertz-frequency acoustic vibrations as mediators for converting
microwave photons to optical photons via the combination of
optomechanical and piezoelectric interactions. However, despite
successful demonstrations, efficient quantum transduction remains out
of reach due to the challenges associated with hybrid material
integration and increased loss from piezoelectric materials when
operating in the quantum regime. Here, we demonstrate an alternative
approach in which we actuate 5-GHz phonons in a conventional
silicon-on-insulator platform. In our experiment, microwave photons
resonantly drive a phononic crystal oscillator via the electrostatic
force realized in a charge-biased narrow-gap capacitor. The mechanical
vibrations are subsequently transferred via a phonon waveguide to an
optomechanical cavity, where they transform into optical photons in
the sideband of a pump laser field. Operating at room temperature and
atmospheric pressure, we measure a microwave-to-optical photon
conversion efficiency of 1.72±0.14×10−7 in a 3.3 MHz bandwidth. Our
results mark a stepping stone towards quantum transduction with
integrated devices made from crystalline silicon, which promise
efficient high-bandwidth operation and integration with
superconducting qubits. Additionally, the lack of need for
piezoelectricity or other intrinsic nonlinearities makes our approach
applicable to a wide range of materials for potential applications
beyond quantum technologies.
2.2 kW Single-Mode Narrow-Linewidth Laser Delivery Through a Hollow-Core Fiber
Authors: Cooper Matthew , Wahlen Joseph , Yerolatsitis Stephanos , Antonio-Lopez Jose , Delgado Daniel , Parra Daniel , Tanner Ben , Jones Owen , Divliansky Ivan , Schülzgen Axel , Correa Rodrigo Amezcua
Published: May 2023

Antiresonant hollow-core fibers (AR-HCFs) have opened up exciting possibilities for high-energy and high-power laser delivery, thanks to their exceptionally low nonlinearities and high damage thresholds. While these fiber designs offer great potential for handling kilowatt-class powers, it is crucial to understand their fundamental limitations by investigating their performance at multi-kW power levels. Until now, efforts to deliver a narrow-linewidth single-mode laser at multi-kW power levels through a hollow core fiber have been unsuccessful. Here, we demonstrate the successful delivery of a record 2.2 kW laser power with a spectral linewidth of 84 GHz, centered at 1080 nm, while maintaining over 95% efficiency. This was achieved using a 6.25 m long AR-HCF with low-loss properties. Furthermore, we show power delivery of 1.7 kW with a spectral linewidth as narrow as 38 GHz. Our results could lead to a new generation of fiber-based laser beam delivery systems with applications in precision machining, nonlinear science, and directed energy.
Two modes of fusogenic action for influenza virus fusion peptide
Authors: Michalski Michal , Setny Piotr
Published: May 2023

The entry of influenza virus into the host cell requires fusion of its lipid envelope with the host membrane. It is catalysed by viral hemagglutinin protein, whose fragments called fusion peptides become inserted into the target bilayer and initiate its merging with the viral membrane. Isolated fusion peptides are already capable of inducing lipid mixing between liposomes. Years of studies indicate that upon membrane binding they form bend helical structure whose degree of opening fluctuates between tightly closed hairpin and an extended boomerang. The actual way in which they initiate fusion remains elusive. In this work we employ atomistic simulations of wild type and fusion inactive W14A mutant of influenza fusion peptides confined between two closely apposed lipid bilayers. We characterise peptide induced membrane perturbation and determine the potential of mean force for the formation of the first fusion intermediate, an interbilayer lipid bridge called stalk. Our results demonstrate two routes through which the peptides can lower free energy barrier towards fusion. The first one assumes peptides capability to adopt transmembrane configuration which subsequently promotes the creation of a stalk-hole complex. The second involves surface bound peptide configuration and proceeds owing to its ability to stabilise stalk by fitting into the region of extreme negative membrane curvature resulting from its formation. In both cases, the active peptide conformation corresponds to tight helical hairpin, whereas extended boomerang geometry appears to be unable to provide favourable thermodynamic effect. The latter observation offers plausible explanation for long known inactivity of boomerang-stabilising W14A mutation.
Evolutionary trade-off and mutational bias could favor transcriptional over translational divergence within paralog pairs
Authors: Aubé Simon , Nielly-Thibault Lou , Landry Christian R.
Published: May 2023

How changes in the different steps of protein synthesis—transcription, translation and degradation—contribute to differences of protein abundance among genes is not fully understood. There is however accumulating evidence that transcriptional divergence might have a prominent role. Here, we show that yeast paralogous genes are more divergent in transcription than in translation. We explore two causal mechanisms for this predominance of transcriptional divergence: an evolutionary trade-off between the precision and economy of gene expression and a larger mutational target size for transcription. Performing simulations within a minimal model of post-duplication evolution, we find that both mechanisms are consistent with the observed divergence patterns. We also investigate how additional properties of the effects of mutations on gene expression, such as their asymmetry and correlation across levels of regulation, can shape the evolution of paralogs. Our results highlight the importance of fully characterizing the distributions of mutational effects on transcription and translation. They also show how general trade-offs in cellular processes and mutation bias can have far-reaching evolutionary impacts.
Onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy in Maridi, South Sudan: Modelling and exploring the impact of control measures against river blindness
Authors: Bhattacharyya Samit , Vinkeles Melchers Natalie V. S. , Siewe Fodjo Joseph N. , Vutha Amit , Coffeng Luc E. , Logora Makoy Y. , Colebunders Robert , Stolk Wilma A.
Published: May 2023

Background

Onchocerciasis, also known as “river blindness”, is caused by the bite of infected female blackflies (genusSimuliidae) that transmit the parasiteOnchocerca volvulus. A high onchocerciasis microfarial load increases the risk to develop epilepsy in children between the ages of 3 and 18 years. In resource-limited settings in Africa where onchocerciasis has been poorly controlled, high numbers of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE) are reported. We use mathematical modeling to predict the impact of onchocerciasis control strategies on the incidence and prevalence of OAE.

Methodology

We developed an OAE model within the well-established mathematical modelling framework ONCHOSIM. Using Latin-Hypercube Sampling (LHS), and grid search technique, we quantified transmission and disease parameters using OAE data from Maridi County, an onchocerciasis endemic area, in southern Republic of South Sudan. Using ONCHOSIM, we predicted the impact of ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA) and vector control on the epidemiology of OAE in Maridi.

Principal findings

The model estimated an OAE prevalence of 4.1% in Maridi County, close to the 3.7% OAE prevalence reported in field studies. The OAE incidence is expected to rapidly decrease by >50% within the first five years of implementing annual MDA with good coverage (≥70%). With vector control at a high efficacy level (around 80% reduction of blackfly biting rates) as the sole strategy, the reduction is slower, requiring about 10 years to halve the OAE incidence. Increasing the efficacy levels of vector control, and implementing vector control simultaneously with MDA, yielded better results in preventing new cases of OAE.

Conclusions/Significances

Our modeling study demonstrates that intensifying onchocerciasis eradication efforts could substantially reduce OAE incidence and prevalence in endemic foci. Our model may be useful for optimizing OAE control strategies.
Trends and factors associated with initiation of HIV treatment among PLHIV in Jamaica, 2015–2019
Authors: Cushnie Anya , Reintjes Ralf , Figueroa J. Peter , Artama Miia
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Jamaica did not achieve the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets in 2020. This study aimed to examine trends and factors associated with uptake of HIV treatment among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Jamaica and to assess the effectiveness of revised treatment guidelines.

Methods

This secondary analysis used patient-level data from the National Treatment Service Information System. The baseline sample was 8147 PLHIV initiating anti-retroviral treatment (ART) between January 2015-December 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic and clinical variables and the primary outcome timing of ART initiation. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with ART initiation (same day vs 31+ days), using categorical variables for age group, sex and regional health authority. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are reported.

Results

Most persons initiated ART at 31+ days (n = 3666, 45%) after the first clinic date or on the same day (n = 3461, 43%). Same day ART initiation increased from 37% to 51% over 5 years and was significantly associated with males (aOR = 0.82, CI = 0.74–0.92), 2018 (aOR = 0.66, CI = 0.56–0.77), 2019 (aOR = 0.77, CI = 0.65–0.92). late HIV diagnosis (aOR = 0.3, CI = 0.27–0.33) and viral suppression at the first viral load test (aOR = 0.6, CI = 0.53–0.67). ART initiation at 31+days was associated with 2015 (aOR = 1.21, CI = 1.01–1.45) and 2016 (aOR = 1.30, CI = 1.10–1.53) compared to 2017.

Conclusion

Our study shows that same day ART initiation increased between 2015–2019, however it remains too low. Same day initiation was associated with the years after Treat All implementation and late initiation before Treat All, providing evidence of the strategy’s success. In order to achieve the UNAIDS targets, there is a need to also increase the number of diagnosed PLHIV retained on treatment in Jamaica. Further studies should be conducted to understand important challenges to accessing treatment as well as differentiated care models to improve treatment uptake and retention.
Bacterial etiology of urinary tract infections in patients treated at Kenyan health facilities and their resistance towards commonly used antibiotics
Authors: Kiiru Susan , Maina John , Katana Japhet , Mwaniki John , Asiimwe Benon B. , Mshana Stephen E. , Keenan Katherine , Gillespie Stephen H. , Stelling John , Holden Matthew T. G. ,   HATUA Consortium, Kiiru John
Published: May 2023

Background

Evidence-based empirical antibiotic prescribing requires knowledge of local antimicrobial resistance patterns. The spectrum of pathogens and their susceptibility strongly influences guidelines for empirical therapies for urinary tract infections (UTI) management.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of UTI causative bacteria and their corresponding antibiotic resistance profiles in three counties of Kenya. Such data could be used to determine the optimal empirical therapy.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, urine samples were collected from patients who presented with symptoms suggestive of UTI in the following healthcare facilities; Kenyatta National Hospital, Kiambu Hospital, Mbagathi, Makueni, Nanyuki, Centre for Microbiology Research, and Mukuru Health Centres. Urine cultures were done on Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) to isolate UTI bacterial etiologies, while antibiotic sensitivity testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion using CLSI guidelines and interpretive criteria.

Results

A total of 1,027(54%) uropathogens were isolated from the urine samples of 1898 participants. Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli were the main uropathogens at 37.6% and 30.9%, respectively. The percentage resistance to commonly used drugs for the treatment of UTI were as follows: trimethoprim (64%), sulfamethoxazole (57%), nalidixic acid(57%), ciprofloxacin (27%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (5%), and nitrofurantoin (9%) and cefixime (9%). Resistance rates to broad-spectrum antimicrobials, such as ceftazidime, gentamicin, and ceftriaxone, were 15%, 14%, and 11%, respectively. Additionally, the proportion of Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria was 66%.

Conclusion

High resistance rates toward fluoroquinolones, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim were reported. These antibiotics are commonly used drugs as they are inexpensive and readily available. Based on these findings, more robust standardised surveillance is needed to confirm the patterns observed while recognising the potential impact of sampling biases on observed resistance rates.
Isolation of porcine adult cardiomyocytes: Comparison between Langendorff perfusion and tissue slicing-assisted enzyme digestion
Authors: Shi Xun , Tang Xiaoli , Yao Fang , Wang Le , Zhang Mingzhi , Wang Xin , Yue Guangxin , Wang Li , Hu Shengshou , Zhou Bingying
Published: May 2023

Tissue slicing-assisted digestion (TSAD) of adult cardiomyocytes has shown significant improvements over conventional chunk methods. However, it remains unclear how this method compares to Langendorff perfusion, the current standard of adult cardiomyocyte isolation. Using adult Bama minipigs, we performed cardiomyocyte isolation via these two distinct methods, and compared the resulting cellular quality, including viability, cellular structure, gene expression, and electrophysiological properties, of cardiomyocytes from 3 distinct anatomical regions, namely the left ventricle, right ventricle, and left atrial appendage. Our results revealed largely indistinguishable cell quality in all of the measured parameters. These findings suggest that that TSAD can be reliably used to isolate adult mammalian cardiomyocytes as a reliable alternative to perfusion in cardiomyocyte isolation from larger mammals, particularly when Langendorff perfusion is not feasible.
Effects of filtration and alpha-amylase depletion on salivary biochemical composition measurements
Authors: Franco-Martínez Lorena , Cerón José J. , Martínez-Subiela Silvia , Tvarijonaviciute Asta
Published: May 2023

The effects of filtration (F) and alpha-amylase depletion (AD) were assessed in n = 34 saliva samples. Each saliva sample was split into three aliquots and treated as follows: (1) no treatment; (2) 0.45μm commercial filter; and (3) 0.45μm commercial filter and affinity depletion of alpha-amylase. Then, a panel of biochemical biomarkers consisting of amylase, lipase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid was measured. Differences between the different aliquots were observed in all measured analytes. The most marked changes were found in triglycerides and lipase data for filtered samples, and in alpha-amylase, uric acid, triglycerides, creatinine, and calcium results in alpha-amylase-depleted aliquots. In conclusion, the salivary filtration and amylase depletion methods employed in this report caused significant changes in saliva composition measurements. Based on these results, it would be recommended to consider the possible effects of these treatments in salivary biomarkers when filtration or amylase depletion is performed.
Evaluating the effectiveness of laser hair reduction using a home use laser in comparison to a Diode laser
Authors: Hendricks Kelly , Nxumalo Celenkosini Thembelenkosini , Makgobole Mokgadi U. , Ghuman Shanaz , Jacobs Diana , Mpofana Nomakhosi
Published: May 2023

Background

Lasers of different wavelengths have been developed for use in permanent hair reduction. An increase in the manufacturing of home-use laser hair removal devices allows for these treatments to be performed in the comfort of your own home at an affordable cost.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of permanent hair reduction using a Diode laser in comparison to the Silk’n™ Flash and Go Lux (475–1200 nm) home-use laser.

Methods

Fifteen females received six axillae laser hair removal treatments at two to four-week intervals using either a professional laser or home-use laser device. Photographs and hair counts were taken before each treatment and at a three week follow up. A T–test was used to evaluate statistical significance, and regression analysis to determine a difference in the effects. Pain scores and side effects were recorded by a visual analogue scale in a satisfaction questionnaire.

Results

The professional laser showed an overall hair reduction of 85% on the right axilla and 88% on the left axilla. The home-use laser showed an overall reduction of 52% on the right axilla and 46,3% on the left axilla. Mild side effects were experienced for both laser devices. There were no serious adverse effects reported, safety features are effective to a certain extent.

Conclusion

The Flash & Go Lux home-use laser can effectively reduce hair at a slower rate than the Diode laser. The home-use laser device offers protection against accidental exposure to light and use on darker skin types. Risks of retinal damage due to long-term exposure to home-use laser light are still cause for concern.