bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analog Coding in Emerging Memory Systems
Authors: Zarcone Ryan V. , Engel Jesse H. , Burc Eryilmaz S. , Wan Weier , Kim SangBum , BrightSky Matthew , Lam Chung , Lung Hsiang-Lan , Olshausen Bruno A. , Philip Wong H. -S.
Published: April 2020

Exponential growth in data generation and large-scale data science has created an unprecedented need for inexpensive, low-power, low-latency, high-density information storage. This need has motivated significant research into multi-level memory devices that are capable of storing multiple bits of information per device. The memory state of these devices is intrinsically analog. Furthermore, much of the data they will store, along with the subsequent operations on the majority of this data, are all intrinsically analog-valued. Ironically though, in the current storage paradigm, both the devices and data are quantized for use with digital systems and digital error-correcting codes. Here, we recast the storage problem as a communication problem. This then allows us to use ideas from analog coding and show, using phase change memory as a prototypical multi-level storage technology, that analog-valued emerging memory devices can achieve higher capacities when paired with analog codes. Further, we show that storing analog signals directly through joint coding can achieve low distortion with reduced coding complexity. Specifically, by jointly optimizing for signal statistics, device statistics, and a distortion metric, we demonstrate that single-symbol analog codings can perform comparably to digital codings with asymptotically large code lengths. These results show that end-to-end analog memory systems have the potential to not only reach higher storage capacities than discrete systems but also to significantly lower coding complexity, leading to faster and more energy efficient data storage.
Broad-scale morpho-functional traits of the mandible suggest no hard food adaptation in the hominin lineage
Authors: Marcé-Nogué Jordi , Püschel Thomas A. , Daasch Alexander , Kaiser Thomas M.
Published: April 2020

An on-going debate concerning the dietary adaptations of archaic hominins and early Homo has been fuelled by contradictory inferences obtained using different methodologies. This work presents an extensive comparative sample of 30 extant primate species that was assembled to perform a morpho-functional comparison of these taxa with 12 models corresponding to eight fossil hominin species. Finite Element Analysis and Geometric Morphometrics were employed to analyse chewing biomechanics and mandible morphology to, firstly, establish the variation of this clade, secondly, relate stress and shape variables, and finally, to classify fossil individuals into broad ingesta related hardness categories using a support vector machine algorithm. Our results suggest that some hominins previously assigned as hard food consumers (e.g. the members of the Paranthropus clade) in fact seem to rely more strongly on soft foods, which is consistent with most recent studies using either microwear or stable isotope analyses. By analysing morphometric and stress results in the context of the comparative framework, we conclude that in the hominin clade there were probably no hard-food specialists. Nonetheless, the biomechanical ability to comminute harder items, if required as fallback option, adds to their strategy of increased flexibility.
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Triggers a Senescence-like Phenotype in Human White Preadipocytes
Authors: Polonis Katarzyna , Becari Christiane , Chahal C. Anwar A. , Zhang Yuebo , Allen Alina M. , Kellogg Todd A. , Somers Virend K. , Singh Prachi
Published: April 2020

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder associated with obesity. Emerging evidence suggest that OSA increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality partly via accelerating the process of cellular aging. Thus, we sought to examine the effects of intermittent hypoxia (IH), a hallmark of OSA, on senescence in human white preadipocytes. We demonstrate that chronic IH is associated with an increased generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species along with increased prevalence of cells with nuclear localization of γH2AX & p16. A higher prevalence of cells positive for senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity was also evident with chronic IH exposure. Intervention with aspirin, atorvastatin or renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors effectively attenuated IH-mediated senescence-like phenotype. Importantly, the validity of in vitro findings was confirmed by examination of the subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue which showed that OSA patients had a significantly higher percentage of cells with nuclear localization of γH2AX & p16 than non-OSA individuals (20.1 ± 10.8% vs. 10.3 ± 2.7%, Padjusted < 0.001). Furthermore, the frequency of dual positive γH2AX & p16 nuclei in adipose tissue of OSA patients receiving statin, aspirin, and/or RAS inhibitors was comparable to non-OSA individuals. This study identifies chronic IH as a trigger of senescence-like phenotype in preadipocytes. Together, our data suggest that OSA may be considered as a senescence-related disorder.
SEER and Gene Expression Data Analysis Deciphers Racial Disparity Patterns in Prostate Cancer Mortality and the Public Health Implication
Authors: Zhang Wensheng , Dong Yan , Sartor Oliver , Flemington Erik K. , Zhang Kun
Published: April 2020

A major racial disparity in prostate cancer (PCa) is that African American (AA) patients have a higher mortality rate than European American (EA) patients. We filtered the SEER 2009–2011 records and divided them into four groups regarding patient races and cancer grades. On such a partition, we performed a series of statistical analyses to further clarify the aforementioned disparity. Molecular evidence for a primary result of the epidemiological analysis was obtained from gene expression data. The results include: (1) Based on the registry-specific measures, a significant linear regression of total mortality rate (as well as PCa specific mortality rate) on the percentage of (Gleason pattern-based) high-grade cancers (PHG) is demonstrated in EAs (p < 0.01) but not in AAs; (2) PHG and its racial disparity are differentiated across ages and the groups defined by patient outcomes; (3) For patients with cancers in the same grade category, i.e. the high or low grade, the survival stratification between races is not significant in most geographical areas; and (4) The genes differentially expressed between AAs’ and EAs’ tumors of the same grade category are relatively rare. The perception that prostate tumors are more lethal in AAs than in EAs is reasonable regarding AAs’ higher PHG, while high grade alone could not imply aggressiveness. However, this perception is questionable when the comparison is focused on cases within the same grade category. Supporting observations for this conclusion hold a remarkable implication for erasing racial disparity in PCa. That is, “Equal grade, equal outcomes” is not only a verifiable hypothesis but also an achievable public health goal.
Applying nanotechnology to increase the rumen protection of amino acids in dairy cows
Authors: Albuquerque João , Casal Susana , Páscoa Ricardo Nuno Mendes de Jorge , Van Dorpe Ingrid , Fonseca António José Mira , Cabrita Ana Rita Jordão , Neves Ana Rute , Reis Salette
Published: April 2020

The amino acid requirements of high-production dairy cows represent a challenge to ensuring that their diet is supplied with available dietary resources, and thus supplementation with protected amino acids is necessary to increase their post-ruminal supply. Lysine is often the most limiting amino acid in corn-based diets. The present study proposes the use of lipid nanoparticles as novel rumen-bypass systems and assesses their capability to carry lysine. Solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers and multiple lipid nanoparticles were considered and their resistance in a rumen inoculum collected from fistulated cows was assessed. All nanoparticles presented diameters between 200–500 nm and surface charges lower than −30 mV. Lysine encapsulation was achieved in all nanoparticles, and its efficiency ranged from 40 to 90%. Solid lipid nanoparticles composed of arachidic or stearic acids and Tween 60 resisted ruminal digestion for up to 24 h. The nanoparticles were also proven to protect their lysine content from the ruminal microbiota. Based on our findings, the proposed nanoparticles represent promising candidates for rumen-bypass approaches and should be studied further to help improve the current technologies and overcome their limitations.
Early growth response gene mediates in VEGF and FGF signaling as dissected by CRISPR in corpus luteum of water buffalo
Authors: Punetha Meeti , Chouhan Vikrant S. , Sonwane Arvind , Singh Gyanendra , Bag Sadhan , Green Jonathan A. , Whitworth Kristin , Sarkar Mihir
Published: April 2020

The EGR family comprises of EGR 1, EGR 2, EGR 3 and EGR 4 which are involved in the transactivation of several genes. A broad range of extracellular stimuli by growth factors is capable of activating EGR mediated transactivation of genes involved in angiogenesis and cell proliferation. However, their role in controlling VEGF A and FGF 2 signaling in the CL of water buffalo is not known. The present study was conducted to understand the role of EGR mediated regulation of VEGF A and FGF 2 signaling in buffalo luteal cells. Towards this goal, luteal cells were cultured and treated with VEGF A and FGF 2 and the mRNA expression pattern of EGR family members were documented. The EGR 1 message was found to be up-regulated in luteal cells of buffalo at 72 hours of culture. The functional validation of EGR 1 gene was accomplished by knocking out (KO) of EGR 1 in cultured luteal cells by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing technology. The EGR 1 KO cells were then cultured and stimulated with VEGF A and FGF 2. It was observed that VEGF A and FGF 2 induced angiogenesis, cell proliferation and steroidogenesis in wild type luteal cells, whereas the response of the growth factors was attenuated in the EGR 1 KO cells. Taken together our study provides evidence convincingly that both VEGF and FGF mediate their biological action through a common intermediate, EGR 1, to regulate corpus luteum function of buffalo.
Arsenic Trioxide exerts cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effects in pediatric Medulloblastoma cell lines of SHH Subgroup
Authors: dos Santos Klinger Paulo Henrique , Delsin Lara Elis Alberici , Cruzeiro Gustavo Alencastro Veiga , Andrade Augusto Faria , Lira Regia Caroline Peixoto , de Andrade Pamela Viani , das Chagas Pablo Ferreira , de Paula Queiroz Rosane Gomes , Trevisan Felipe Amstalden , de Oliveira Ricardo Santos , Scrideli Carlos Alberto , Tone Luiz Gonzaga , Valera Elvis Terci
Published: April 2020

We evaluated the potential effects of ATO in different pediatric SHH-MB cell lines (ONS-76: TP53-wild type; DAOY and UW402: TP53-mutated). MB cell lines molecular subgroup was confirmed and TP53 mutations were validated. Cell viability, clonogenicity and apoptosis were evaluated after ATO treatment at different concentrations (1–16 µM) alone or combined with irradiation doses (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 Gy). Rad51 and Ku86 proteins were evaluated by WB. ATO treatment reduced cell viability for all SHH-MB cell lines. Significant decrease of clonogenic capacity and higher apoptosis rates were also observed after ATO exposure, being cell death more pronounced (>70%) for the SHH-MB TP53-mutated. Combined treatment of ATO with irradiation also reduced colonies formation in UW402 tumor cells, which was independent of DNA damage repair proteins Rad51 and Ku86. In silico analyses suggested that a set of genes from cell cycle and p53 pathways are differentially expressed in SHH tumor subtypes, suggesting that cell lines may respond to therapies according to the gene expression profiles. Herein, we showed ATO cytotoxicity in pediatric SHH cell lines, with marked radiosensitizing effect for the MB-SHH TP53-mutated cells. These results highlight the potential of ATO, alone or in combination with radiotherapy, supporting further clinical investigations.
Insecticidal and Genotoxic effects of some indigenous plant extracts in Culex quinquefasciatus Say Mosquitoes
Authors: Zulhussnain Muhammad , Zahoor Muhammad Kashif , Rizvi Hina , Zahoor Muhammad Asif , Rasul Azhar , Ahmad Aftab , Majeed Humara Naz , Rasul Amer , Ranian Kanwal , Jabeen Farhat
Published: April 2020

Five different weed plants viz.Convulvulus arvensis, Chenopodium murale, Tribulus terrestris, Trianthema portulacastrum, andAchyranthes asperawere investigated for their entomocidal and genotoxic effects againstCulex quinquefasciatusmosquitoes. High mortality was observed at 72 hours in a dose dependent manner. Among all the tested plants,A. asperawas found highly significant which showed 100% mortality at 250 ppm after 72 hours with LC50of 87.46, 39.08 and 9.22 ppm at 24, 48, respectively. In combination withBacillus thuringiensis israelensis(Bti);A. asperaalso caused 100% mortality at 250 ppm concentration after 72 hours (LC508.29 ppm). Phytochemical analysis of all the tested weed plants showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, anthrequinones and terpenoids. Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) and comet assay were performed to assess the genotoxic effect ofA. asperabut no change in DNA profile was observed. Furthermore, FTIR showed the presence of phenolic compounds inA. asperaextract. It is suggested that certain phenolic compounds such as flavonoids modulate the enzymatic activity and, hence, cause the death of larvae ofCx. quinquefasciatus. Altogether, current study would serve as an initial step towards replacement of synthetic insecticides to plant-microbe based biopesticide againstCulexmosquitoes in future.
A comparative chemogenic analysis for predicting Drug-Target Pair via Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Kaushik Aman Chandra , Mehmood Aamir , Dai Xiaofeng , Wei Dong-Qing
Published: April 2020

A computational technique for predicting the DTIs has now turned out to be an indispensable job during the process of drug finding. It tapers the exploration room for interactions by propounding possible interaction contenders for authentication through experiments of wet-lab which are known for their expensiveness and time consumption. Chemogenomics, an emerging research area focused on the systematic examination of the biological impact of a broad series of minute molecular-weighting ligands on a broad raiment of macromolecular target spots. Additionally, with the advancement in time, the complexity of the algorithms is increasing which may result in the entry of big data technologies like Spark in this field soon. In the presented work, we intend to offer an inclusive idea and realistic evaluation of the computational Drug Target Interaction projection approaches, to perform as a guide and reference for researchers who are carrying out work in a similar direction. Precisely, we first explain the data utilized in computational Drug Target Interaction prediction attempts like this. We then sort and explain the best and most modern techniques for the prediction of DTIs. Then, a realistic assessment is executed to show the projection performance of several illustrative approaches in various situations. Ultimately, we underline possible opportunities for additional improvement of Drug Target Interaction projection enactment and also linked study objectives.
Neurophysiological and behavioural markers of compassion
Authors: Kim Jeffrey J. , Parker Stacey L. , Doty James R. , Cunnington Ross , Gilbert Paul , Kirby James N.
Published: April 2020

The scientific study of compassion is burgeoning, however the putative neurophysiological markers of programs which actively train distress tolerance, such as Compassionate Mind Training (CMT), are less well known. Herein we offer an integrative, multi-method approach which investigated CMT at neural, physiological, self-report, and behavioural levels. Specifically, this study first assessed participants’ neural responses when confronted with disappointments (e.g., rejection, failure) using two fundamental self-regulatory styles, self-criticism and self-reassurance. Second, participant’s heart-rate variability (HRV) – a marker of parasympathetic nervous system response – was assessed during compassion training, pre- and post- a two-week self-directed engagement period. We identified neural networks associated with threat are reduced when practicing compassion, and heightened when being self-critical. In addition, cultivating compassion was associated with increased parasympathetic response as measured by an increase in HRV, versus the resting-state. Critically, cultivating compassion was able to shift a subset of clinically-at risk participants to one of increased parasympathetic response. Further, those who began the trial with lower resting HRV also engaged more in the intervention, possibly as they derived more benefits, both self-report and physiologically, from engagement in compassion.
Mixed silages of cactus pear and gliricidia: chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, microbial population and aerobic stability
Authors: da Silva Brito Gêsica Samíramys Mayra , Santos Edson Mauro , de Araújo Gherman Garcia Leal , de Oliveira Juliana Silva , Zanine Anderson de Moura , Perazzo Alexandre Fernandes , Campos Fleming Sena , de Oliveira Lima Anny Graycy Vasconcelos , Cavalcanti Hactus Souto
Published: April 2020

The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, profile and fermentative losses, microbial population and the aerobic stability of mixed silages of cactus pear and gliricidia. The treatments corresponded to the addition levels of gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud), in the silages of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus indica Mill.), at ratios 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% gliricidia. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression to evaluate the effect of the addition levels of gliricidia. The average related to the opening days were compared by the Tukey’s test and the average hours of exposure to air were compared by the Student’s t-test. The addition of gliricidia in cactus pear silage provided a linear increasing effect for pH, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDIP), and increased aerobic stability (AS). The highest dry matter recovery was estimated in the silages with 58% gliricidia. Based on the fermentative, chemical composition and silage losses, all the silages tested were adequate. However, considering aerobic stability, the addition of at least 25% gliricidia is recommended to provide the animal a feed with important quality and high nutritional value.
Computer-aided synthesis of dapsone-phytochemical conjugates against dapsone-resistant Mycobacterium leprae
Authors: Swain Shasank S. , Paidesetty Sudhir K. , Dehury Budheswar , Das Madhusmita , Vedithi Sundeep C. , Padhy Rabindra N.
Published: April 2020

Leprosy continues to be the belligerent public health hazard for the causation of high disability and eventual morbidity cases with stable prevalence rates, even with treatment by the on-going multidrug therapy (MDT). Today, dapsone (DDS) resistance has led to fear of leprosy in more unfortunate people of certain developing countries. Herein, DDS was chemically conjugated with five phytochemicals independently as dapsone-phytochemical conjugates (DPCs) based on azo-coupling reaction. Possible biological activities were verified with computational chemistry and quantum mechanics by molecular dynamics simulation program before chemical synthesis and spectral characterizations viz., proton-HNMR, FTIR, UV and LC-MS. Thein vivoantileprosy activity was monitored using the ‘mouse-foot-pad propagation method’, with WHO recommended concentration 0.01% mg/kg each DPC for 12 weeks, and the host-toxicity testing of the active DPC4 was seen in cultured-human-lymphocytesin vitro. One-log bacilli cells in DDS-resistant infected mice footpads decreased by the DPC4, and no bacilli were found in the DDS-sensitive mice hind pads. Additionally, thein vitrohost toxicity study also confirmed that the DCP4 up to 5,000 mg/L level was safety for oral administration, since a minor number of dead cells were found in red color under a fluorescent microscope. Several advanced bioinformatics tools could help locate the potential chemical entity, thereby reducing the time and resources required forin vitroandin vitrotests. DPC4 could be used in place of DDS in MDT, evidenced fromin vivoantileprosy activity andin vitrohost toxicity study.
Glaucomatous vertical vessel density asymmetry of the temporal raphe detected with optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Yoshikawa Yuji , Shoji Takuhei , Kanno Junji , Ibuki Hisashi , Weinreb Robert N. , Araie Makoto , Shinoda Kei
Published: April 2020

Changes in retinal vasculature and ocular circulation may play an important role in the glaucoma development and progression. We evaluated the vertical asymmetry across the temporal raphe of the deep retinal layer vessel density, using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA), and its relationship with the central visual field (VF) loss. Thirty-four eyes of 27 patients with open-angle glaucoma were included. SS-OCTA macular scanning was performed within a 3 × 3 mm (300 × 300 pixels) volume, centred on the fovea. The relationships between the vertical asymmetrical deep retinal vessel density reduction (ADRVD) across the temporal raphe and various ocular parameters were analysed. Twenty-two glaucomatous eyes with ADRVDs had central VF loss. Contrarily, ADRVDs were not found in any of the 12 eyes without central VF loss. Thirteen eyes (59.1%) with central VF loss had ADRVDs topographically corresponding to the central VF loss and macular ganglion cell complex thinning. The glaucomatous eyes with ADRVDs exhibited inferior rather than superior central VF loss (P = 0.032). Thus, ADRVD specifically indicates the glaucomatous central visual loss. Further analysis of ADRVD may improve our understanding on glaucoma pathogenesis, offering new treatment insights.
Quantification of protein glycation using vibrational spectroscopy
Authors: McAvan Bethan S. , France Aidan P. , Bellina Bruno , Barran Perdita E. , Goodacre Royston , Doig Andrew J.
Published: April 2020

FTIR-ATR and Raman spectroscopy can distinguish between glycated and non-glycated proteins.
A TRACER culture invasion assay to probe the impact of cancer associated fibroblasts on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell invasiveness
Authors: Dean Teresa , Li Nancy T. , Cadavid Jose L. , Ailles Laurie , McGuigan Alison P.
Published: April 2020

A novel 3D in vitro co-culture platform to explore the interactions between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumour cells that drive increased tumour cell invasion and the impact of matrix density.
Multifunctional red carbon dots: a theranostic platform for magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence imaging-guided chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Wang Wentao , Zhang Qicheng , Zhang Ming , Liu Yihan , Shen Jian , Zhou Ninglin , Lu Xiaoyuan , Zhao Changhong
Published: April 2020

In recent years, carbon dots (CDs) with red-emitting wavelengths have received increasing attention in cancer therapy and imaging.
Detection of prostate-specific antigen in semen using DNA aptamers: an application of nucleic acid aptamers in forensic body fluid identification
Authors: Satoh Tetsuya , Kouroki Seiya , Kitamura Yusuke , Ihara Toshihiro , Matsumura Kazutoshi , Iwase Susumu
Published: April 2020

We developed novel aptamer-based assays for semen identification and demonstrated that aptamers can be useful tools for body fluid identification.
A Fe3+-crosslinked pyrogallol-tethered gelatin adhesive hydrogel with antibacterial activity for wound healing
Authors: Han Ning , Xu Ziyang , Cui Chunyan , Li Yuan , Zhang Dongfei , Xiao Meng , Fan Chuanchuan , Wu Tengling , Yang Jianhai , Liu Wenguang
Published: April 2020

A tunicate-inspired gelatin-based hydrogel prepared by a simple mixing method, exhibits strong adhesion and antibacterial capacity, and facilitates wound healing.
Crystal structures and electronic properties of Sn3N4polymorphs synthesizedviahigh-pressure nitridation of tin
Authors: Niwa Ken , Inagaki Tomoya , Ohsuna Tetsu , Liu Zheng , Sasaki Takuya , Gaida Nico Alexander , Hasegawa Masashi
Published: April 2020

Sn3N4polymorphs were synthesizedviahigh-pressure nitridation of tin by means of laser-heated diamond anvil cell technique. This implies new insight into the crystal chemistry and functional materials of group IVA nitrides.
Stability andin vitrosimulated release characteristics of ultrasonically modified soybean lipophilic protein emulsion
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Diqiong , Zhang Shuang , Zhong Mingming , Zhao Chengbin , Xie Fengying , Qi Baokun
Published: April 2020

Ultrasonically modified soybean lipophilic protein has improved solubility and emulsifying properties, which are advantageous for preparing emulsions that improve the bioavailability of vitamin E while protecting its biological activity.
Synbiotic supplementation containing Bifidobacterium infantis and xylooligosaccharides alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis
Authors: Sheng Kangliang , He Shiman , Sun Ming , Zhang Guanghui , Kong Xiaowei , Wang Jingmin , Wang Yongzhong
Published: April 2020

Synbiotics (Bifidobacterium infantis + xylooligosaccharides) had the strongest efficacy on colitis through inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress and protecting epithelial integrity.
Investigation of phosphogypsum valorization by the integration of the Merseburg method
Authors: Hammas-Nasri Ines , Elgharbi Sarra , Ferhi Mounir , Horchani-Naifer Karima , Férid Mokhtar
Published: April 2020

The proposal of a method for converting the phosphogypsum waste (PG) remains the focus of many researchers since its quantity, growing considerably, is causing serious environmental problems.
Production of furfural from xylose catalyzed by a novel calcium gluconate derived carbon solid acid in 1,4-dioxane
Authors: Yang Tao , Li Wenzhi , Su Mingxue , Liu Yang , Liu Minghou
Published: April 2020

A novel carbon-based solid acid catalyst (SC-GCa-800) was prepared by the high-temperature carbonization of calcium gluconate followed by sulfonation with 4-diazoniobenzenesulfonate at room temperature.
Novel 2-naphthyl substituted zinc naphthalocyanine: synthesis, optical, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties
Authors: Dubinina T. V. , Moiseeva E. O. , Astvatsaturov D. A. , Borisova N. E. , Tarakanov P. A. , Trashin S. A. , De Wael K. , Tomilova L. G.
Published: April 2020

New zinc naphthalocyanine with bulky 2-naphthyl groups was obtained. Aggregation drastically influences its optical and electrochemical behavior. Spectroelectrochemistry helps to establish the oxidation potential and reveals unusual color change.
Triplet photosensitizer-nanotube conjugates: synthesis, characterization and photochemistry of charge stabilizing, palladium porphyrin/carbon nanotube conjugates
Authors: Arellano Luis M. , Gobeze Habtom B. , Gómez-Escalonilla María J. , Fierro José Luis G. , D'Souza Francis , Langa Fernando
Published: April 2020

SWCNTs covalently modified with a triplet photosensitizer, palladium porphyrin, have been newly prepared and photoinduced charge separation is reported.
Electrical molecular switch addressed by chemical stimuli
Authors: Audi H. , Viero Y. , Alwhaibi N. , Chen Z. , Iazykov M. , Heynderickx A. , Xiao F. , Guérin D. , Krzeminski C. , Grace I. M. , Lambert C. J. , Siri O. , Vuillaume D. , Lenfant S. , Klein H.
Published: April 2020

We demonstrate that the conductance switching of benzo-bis(imidazole) molecules upon protonation depends on the lateral functional groups.
Base-controlled divergent synthesis of vinyl sulfones from (benzylsulfonyl)benzenes and paraformaldehyde
Authors: Xiao Fuhong , Hu Yangling , Huang Huawen , Xu Fen , Deng Guo-Jun
Published: April 2020

A tuneable metal-free protocol for the selective preparation of α-substituted vinyl sulfone and (E)-vinyl sulfone derivatives has been described. The base played an important role in the selectivity control of transformation.
Visible light promoted continuous flow photocyclization of 1,2-diketones
Authors: Secci Francesco , Porcu Stefania , Luridiana Alberto , Frongia Angelo , Ricci Pier Carlo
Published: April 2020

A continuous flow Norrish–Yang photocyclization of 1,2-diketones has been developed and applied to the synthesis of functionalized 2-hydroxycyclobutanones, under blue light irradiation.
Multi-photon polymerization of bio-inspired, thymol-functionalized hybrid materials with biocompatible and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Parkatzidis Kostas , Chatzinikolaidou Maria , Koufakis Eleftherios , Kaliva Maria , Farsari Maria , Vamvakaki Maria
Published: April 2020

Thymyl-methacrylate functionalized, hybrid 3D scaffolds, fabricated by multi-photon lithography, exhibit excellent biocompatibility and antimicrobial action for bone and dental tissue engineering.
Single-crystalline CoFe nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotubes as a bifunctional catalyst for water splitting
Authors: Zeng Xiaojun , Jang Myeong Je , Choi Sung Mook , Cho Hyun-Seok , Kim Chang-Hee , Myung Nosang Vincent , Yin Yadong
Published: April 2020

We utilize a simple heat-treatment process to synthesize single-crystalline CoFe alloy nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotubes, which exhibit excellent catalytic activity and superior stability towards overall water splitting.
Eucalyptus red grandis pretreatment with protic ionic liquids: effect of severity and influence of sub/super-critical CO2 atmosphere on pretreatment performance
Authors: Malaret Francisco , Gschwend Florence J. V. , Lopes Joana M. , Tu Wei-Chien , Hallett Jason P.
Published: April 2020

Deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass with low-cost ionic liquids (ILs) has proven to be a promising technology that could be implemented in a biorefinery to obtain renewable materials, fuels and chemicals.
SCIP: a new simultaneous vapor phase coating and infiltration process for tougher and UV-resistant polymer fibers
Authors: Azpitarte Itxasne , Botta Gabriele A. , Tollan Christopher , Knez Mato
Published: April 2020

Simultaneous coating and infiltration of Kevlar fibers with two different inorganic materials significantly improves the modulus of toughness of the polymer and provides protection against UV-induced degradation.
Microwave-assisted evolution of WO3 and WS2/WO3 hierarchical nanotrees
Authors: Lee Noho , Kwak Junghyeok , Kwak Ji Hye , Jung Sang-Mun , Kim Jaerim , Giri Anupam , Thiyagarajan Kaliannan , Kim Yong-Tae , Jung Sunshin , Kim Jong Kyu , Jeong Unyong
Published: April 2020

Although branched WO3 nanostructures have been investigated for electrochromic devices and catalytic electrodes, a detailed study on their structural evolution mechanism has rarely been carried out.
Effect of the interfacial protective layer on the NaFe0.5Ni0.5O2 cathode for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Moeez Iqra , Susanto Dieky , Ali Ghulam , Jung Hun-Gi , Lim Hee-Dae , Chung Kyung Yoon
Published: April 2020

Ni-based cathode materials have received significant attentions as the advanced electrode materials for NIBs. However, they suffered from the rapid capacity fading due to the side reactions mainly occurring at cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI).
A label-free multifunctional nanosensor based on N-doped carbon nanodots for vitamin B12 and Co2+ detection, and bioimaging in living cells and zebrafish
Authors: Du Fangfang , Cheng Zhe , Kremer Marius , Liu Yang , Wang Xiaodong , Shuang Shaomin , Dong Chuan
Published: April 2020

Illustration of the synthetic procedure of N-CNDs and N-CDs-based bifunctional fluorescence nanoprobe for the detection of VB12 and Co2+ and bioimaging of A549 cell and zebrafish.
A bio-inspired injectable hydrogel as a cell platform for real-time glycaemic regulation
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yang Jun , Zhang Jun , Li Shuangwen , Zheng Lisi , Zhang Yanlong , Meng Huipeng , Zhang Xinge , Wu Zhongming
Published: April 2020

A bio-inspired injectable hydrogel as a cell platform for real time glycemic regulation by mimicking the function of native islet β cells.
Development of CeO2 nanodot encrusted TiO2 nanoparticles with reduced photocatalytic activity and increased biocompatibility towards a human keratinocyte cell line
Authors: Morlando Alexander , Chaki Borrás Marcela , Rehman Yaser , Bakand Shahnaz , Barker Philip , Sluyter Ronald , Konstantinov Konstantin
Published: April 2020

Low photocatalytic CeO2/TiO2 nanocomposite particles with high UV attenuation and reduced ROS generation for application in sunscreen products.
Durable organic solar cells produced by in situ encapsulation of an air-sensitive natural organic semiconductor by the fullerene derivative and the metal oxide layer
Authors: Uchiyama Takayuki , Sano Takashi , Okada-Shudo Yoshiko , Vohra Varun
Published: April 2020

Oxygen-barrier properties of PC71BM and MoO3 enable the production of long-lasting organic solar cells employing highly oxygen-sensitive small electron donors.
High color rendering indices of white light-emitting diodes based on environmentally friendly carbon and AIZS nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Yanyi , Lin Hao , Qiu Jing , Luo Zhongtao , Yao Zhiqiang , Liu Libo , Liu Huanbin , Tang Xiaosheng , Fu Xiaoxiao
Published: April 2020

Ag–In–Zn–S (AIZS) nanoparticles were recognized as one suitable supplement for preparing CDs-based environmentally friendly WLED devices with a high CRI.
A novel design of donor–acceptor polymer semiconductors for printed electronics: application to transistors and gas sensors
Authors: Cheon Hyung Jin , Li Xinlin , Jeong Yong Jin , Sung Min Jae , Li Zhijun , Jeon Inha , Tang Xiaowu , Girma Henok Getachew , Kong Hoyoul , Kwon Soon-Ki , An Tae Kyu , Kim Se Hyun , Kim Yun-Hi
Published: April 2020

This work reports the molecular engineering of polymeric semiconductors to get highly soluble inks, which enables the uniform deposition of semiconductors and contributes to high-performance transistor and sensor devices.
MiR-132/212 promotes the growth of precartilaginous stem cells (PCSCs) by regulating Ihh/PTHrP signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Fu-Yong , Zhen Yun-Fang , Guo Zhi-Xiong , Dai Jin , Zhu Lun-Qing , Cao Xu , Su Guang-Hao , Zhang Wen-Yan , Fang Jian-Feng , Zhu Zhen-Hua , Yin Chun-Hua , Liu Ya , Yu Gao , Zhao Tan-Tan , Zhang Ya , Yuan Quan-Wen , Wang Xiao-Dong
Published: April 2020

Precartilaginous stem cells (PCSCs) are adult stem cells that can initiate chondrocytes and bone development. In the present study, we explored whether miR-132/212 was involved in the proliferation of PCSCs via Hedgehog signaling pathway. PCSCs were isolated and purified with the fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR-3) antibody. Cell viability, DNA synthesis and apoptosis were measured using MTT, BrdU and flow cytometric analysis. The mRNA and protein expression were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The target gene for miR-132/212 was validated by luciferase reporter assay. Results showed that transfection with miR-132/212 mimic significantly increased cell viability and DNA synthesis, and inhibited apoptosis of PCSCs. By contrast, miR-132/212 inhibitor could suppress growth and promote apoptosis of PCSCs. Luciferase reporter assays indicated that transfection of miR-132/212 led to a marked reduction of luciferase activity, but had no effect on PTCH1 3′-UTR mutated fragment, suggesting that Patched1 (PTCH1) is a target of miR-132/212. Furthermore, treatment with miR-132/212 mimics obviously increased the protein expression of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP), which was decreased after treatment with Hedgehog signaling inhibitor, cyclopamine. We also found that inhibition of Ihh/PTHrP signaling by cyclopamine significantly suppressed growth and DNA synthesis, and induced apoptosis in PCSCs. These findings demonstrate that miR-132/212 promotes growth and inhibits apoptosis in PCSCs by regulating PTCH1-mediated Ihh/PTHrP pathway, suggesting that miR-132/212 cluster might serve as a novel target for bone diseases.
p38 promoted retinal micro-angiogenesis through up-regulated RUNX1 expression in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Zou Wenjun , Zhang Zhengwei , Luo Shasha , Cheng Libo , Huang Xiaoli , Ding Nannan , Yu Jinjin , Pan Ying , Wu Zhifeng
Published: April 2020

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and is characterized by visible microvascular alterations including retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury, inflammation, abnormal permeability, neovascularization and macular edema. Despite the available treatments, some patients present late in the course of the disease when treatment is more difficult. Hence, it is crucial that the new targets are found and utilized in the clinical therapy of DR. In the present study, we constructed a DR animal model and a model in HRMECs to investigate the relationship between p38 and RUNX1 in retinal micro-angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy. We found that p38 could promote retinal micro-angiogenesis by up-regulating RUNX1 expression in diabetic retinopathy. This suggested that the p38/ RUNX1 pathway could become a new retinal micro-angiogenesis target in DR treatment.
Plasma microRNA expression levels in HIV-1-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Marquez-Pedroza Jazmin , Cárdenas-Bedoya Jhonathan , Morán-Moguel María Cristina , Escoto-Delgadillo Martha , Torres-Mendoza Blanca Miriam , Pérez-Ríos Alma Minerva , González-Enriquez Gracia Viviana , Vázquez-Valls Eduardo
Published: April 2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) may serve as therapeutic agents or targets in diseases in which the expression of proteins plays an important role. The aim of the present study was to compare the expression levels of specific miRNAs, as well as their correlation with markers of response to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection with and without resistance to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: miRNA assays were performed on plasma samples obtained from 20 HIV-1-positive patients. A total of ten patients were divided into two groups: HAART-responsive and HAART-resistant (n=5 per group). Commercial arrays were subsequently used to identify 84 miRNAs. A total of three differentially expressed miRNAs were selected and analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Five other patients were subsequently added to each group for a new relative expression analysis. The absolute expression level of the two miRNAs was obtained and compared using the Student’s t test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify patients with antiretroviral therapy (ART) resistance.

Results: The array analysis revealed that miR-15b-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-126-3p and miR-150-5p were down-regulated in patients with HAART-resistance comparing with HAART-responsive. The expression levels of miR-16-5p, miR-26a-5p and miR-150-5p were confirmed using qPCR. The area under the ROC curve was 1.0 for the three miRNAs.

Conclusions: The lower expression levels of miR-16-5p and miR-26a-5p in patients with HAART-resistance suggested that these may serve as potential biomarkers for the identification of HAART-responsive patients.
From sepsis to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): emerging preventive strategies based on molecular and genetic researches
Authors: Hu Qinghe , Hao Cuiping , Tang Sujuan
Published: April 2020

A healthy body activates the immune response to target invading pathogens (i.e. viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites) and avoid further systemic infection. The activation of immunological mechanisms includes several components of the immune system, such as innate and acquired immunity. Once any component of the immune response to infections is aberrantly altered or dysregulated, resulting in a failure to clear infection, sepsis will develop through a pro-inflammatory immunological mechanism. Furthermore, the severe inflammatory responses induced by sepsis also increase vascular permeability, leading to acute pulmonary edema and resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Apparently, potential for improvement exists in the management of the transition from sepsis to ARDS; thus, this article presents an exhaustive review that highlights the previously unrecognized relationship between sepsis and ARDS and suggests a direction for future therapeutic developments, including plasma and genetic pre-diagnostic strategies and interference with proinflammatory signaling.
The nucleolus-like and precursor bodies of mammalian oocytes and embryos and their possible role in post-fertilization centromere remodelling
Authors: Fulka Helena , Rychtarova Jana , Loi Pasqualino
Published: April 2020

In nearly all somatic cells, the ribosome biosynthesis is a key activity. The same is true also for mammalian oocytes and early embryos. This activity is intimately linked to the most prominent nuclear organelles — the nucleoli. Interestingly, during a short period around fertilization, the nucleoli in oocytes and embryos transform into ribosome-biosynthesis-inactive structures termed nucleolus-like or nucleolus precursor bodies (NPBs). For decades, researchers considered these structures to be passive repositories of nucleolar proteins used by the developing embryo to rebuild fully functional, ribosome-synthesis competent nucleoli when required. Recent evidence, however, indicates that while these structures are unquestionably essential for development, the material is largely dispensable for the formation of active embryonic nucleoli. In this mini-review, we will describe some unique features of oocytes and embryos with respect to ribosome biogenesis and the changes in the structure of oocyte and embryonic nucleoli that reflect this. We will also describe some of the different approaches that can be used to study nucleoli and NPBs in embryos and discuss the different results that might be expected. Finally, we ask whether the main function of nucleolar precursor bodies might lie in the genome organization and remodelling and what the involved components might be.
Adequate spreading codes to reduce MAI in quasi‐synchronous MC‐DS‐CDMA system
Authors: Addad Mouad , Djebbari Ali
Published: April 2020

In this study, the authors consider the effect of multiple access interference (MAI) on the performance of a quasi‐synchronous multicarrier direct‐sequence code‐division multiple access (QS‐MC‐DS‐CDMA) system. An analytical expression of the bit error rate (BER) is derived for a QS‐MC‐DS‐CDMA system over additive white Gaussian noise channel. The BER performance degradation is proportional to the squares of the even correlation function (ECF) and odd correlation function (OCF) of the spreading codes. The obtained results show that the adequate spreading code is a set of binary zero correlation zone sequences with both zero ECF and OCF. The construction of the latter codes remains a challenge for researchers in the field of code design.
Wide range algorithm for directional earth‐fault protection without voltage inputs
Authors: Stojanović Zoran N. , Žarković Mileta D.
Published: April 2020

In this study, algorithm for a directional earth‐fault relay is modified to work properly without voltage inputs. The presented modification of the algorithm implies that only current inputs are required, and the algorithm is used in isolated neutral networks. The main modification of this algorithm is that only one phase current is used as a reference quantity instead of the zero sequence voltage or three phase currents. The algorithm is further upgraded by using the phase current of the supply feeder as a reference signal for all relays of outgoing feeders. This way the reference quantity becomes more stable and the number of measurements per feeder is reduced to only one. The introduction of simple communication between relays on feeders, a wide operation range is achieved. With this algorithm detection of earth‐fault is ensured regardless of the network load: purely capacitive, predominantly resistive or purely inductive. The algorithm successfully detects the faulted line and phase containing a phase‐to‐earth fault. The aim of this study is to design low‐cost directional relays with no voltage inputs, a small number of current measurements and a wide range of possible network loads.
Static–dynamic hybrid sequential VPP network analysis
Authors: Meng Yue , Zhang Hongli
Published: April 2020

At present, most of the virtual power plants’ (VPPs) networks are static networks, which cannot effectively describe the characteristics of the distributed generation in VPP. Therefore, a hybrid VPP network with static–dynamic nodes is constructed by simulating the charging and discharging time series characteristics of electrical vehicles. The influence of timing characteristics on VPP topology is studied, and the complex network characteristics of static–dynamic hybrid VPP network are analysed. The experimental results show that the sequential network can describe the characteristics of VPP network completely, improve the accuracy of VPP real‐time recognition, and verify the effectiveness of complex network method in analysing sequential VPP.
Distance protection algorithm for multiterminal HVDC systems using the Hilbert–Huang transform
Authors: Albernaz Lacerda Vinícius , Monaro Renato M. , Campos‐Gaona David , Coury Denis V. , Anaya‐Lara Olimpo
Published: April 2020

Multiterminal high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) systems still need advances in terms of protection in order to improve their reliability. In this context, the distance protection can play a major role by adding selectivity to the existing DC fault detection algorithms. Hence, the present work proposes a non‐unit DC distance protection algorithm that uses the frequency of the DC voltage transient oscillation to estimate the distance of the fault. The DC voltage transient frequency is extracted using the Hilbert–Huang transform and compared with a pre‐defined frequency/distance curve. The technique was evaluated by simulating faults in a four‐terminal symmetric monopole multiterminal HVDC system. In the simulation environment the algorithm was fully selective for faults within the first protection zone and had a correct operation rate of 94% or more for faults located in the second protection zone. To further validate the presented technique, the proposed algorithm was embedded in a digital signal controller, running in real‐time. In all performed tests in hardware, the faults were correctly detected and identified as being internal or external. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm could be used in real‐world applications, in conjunction with fault detection techniques, adding selectivity to multiterminal DC protection schemes.
Compact low‐power 154 GHz receiver front‐end in 0.13 µm SiGe BiCMOS
Authors: Li Huanbo , Chen Jixin , Zhou Peigen , Yu Jiayang , Yan Pinpin , Hou Debin , Hong Wei
Published: April 2020

This study presents a compact 154 GHz receiver fabricated in a 0.13 µm SiGe BiCMOS process, which is composed of a three‐stage low‐noise amplifier and an improved micromixer. In order to mitigate the intrinsic DC and RF imbalance of the basic micromixer, the resistor compensation is implemented at one branch of the RF paths, which achieves superior performance. Consisting of a common‐emitter and two differential cascade stages, the separate low‐noise amplifier achieves a small‐signal gain of 21.8 dB at 155 GHz with a 3 dB bandwidth of 22 GHz. The entire receiver exhibits a maximum conversion gain of 23.8 dB at 154 GHz with a 3 dB bandwidth of 16.5 GHz. The minimum single‐sideband noise figure is measured to be 11.4 dB at 149 GHz and remains below 15 dB from 142 to 160 GHz. Exhibiting high gain, low‐noise figure and considerably high bandwidth, the characterised receiver consumes competitive low power of 70.7 mW and occupies the smallest core area of only 0.12 mm2 to the best of our knowledge.