bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey of AI-Generated Content (AIGC)
Authors: Cao Yihan , Li Siyu , Liu Yixin , Yan Zhiling , Dai Yutong , Yu Philip , Sun Lichao
Published: December 2024

Recently, Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) has gained significant attention from society, especially with the rise of Generative AI (GAI) techniques such as ChatGPT, GPT-4 [
165
], DALL-E-3 [
184
], and Sora [
137
]. AIGC involves using AI models to create digital content, such as images, music, and natural language, with the goal of making the content creation process more efficient and accessible. Large-scale models have become increasingly important in AIGC as they provide better intent extraction and generation results. This survey provides a comprehensive review of the history of generative models and recent advances in AIGC, focusing on both unimodal and multimodal interaction. From the perspective of unimodality, we introduce the generation tasks and relative models of text and image. From the perspective of multimodality, we introduce the cross-application between the modalities mentioned above. Finally, the survey discusses the existing open problems and future challenges in AIGC. Overall, this survey serves as a valuable resource for individuals interested in understanding the background and secrets behind the impressive performance of AIGC techniques.
A Green Multi-Attribute Client Selection for Over-The-Air Federated Learning: A Grey-Wolf-Optimizer Approach
Authors: Ben Driss Maryam , Sabir Essaid , elbiaze halima , diallo abdoulaye , sadik mohamed
Published: December 2024

Federated Learning (FL) has gained attention across various industries for its capability to train machine learning models without centralizing sensitive data. While this approach offers significant benefits such as privacy preservation and decreased communication overhead, it presents several challenges, including deployment complexity and interoperability issues, particularly in heterogeneous scenarios or resource-constrained environments. Over-the-air (OTA) FL was introduced to tackle these challenges by disseminating model updates without necessitating direct device-to-device connections or centralized servers. However, OTA-FL brought forth limitations associated with heightened energy consumption and network latency. In this paper, we propose a multi-attribute client selection framework employing the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) to strategically control the number of participants in each round and optimize the OTA-FL process while considering accuracy, energy, delay, reliability, and fairness constraints of participating devices. We evaluate the performance of our multi-attribute client selection approach in terms of model loss minimization, convergence time reduction, and energy efficiency. In our experimental evaluation, we assessed and compared the performance of our approach against the existing state-of-the-art methods. Our results demonstrate that the proposed GWO-based client selection outperforms these baselines across various metrics. Specifically, our approach achieves a notable reduction in model loss, accelerates convergence time, and enhances energy efficiency while maintaining high fairness and reliability indicators.
Weakly-supervised Semantic Segmentation with Image-level Labels: From Traditional Models to Foundation Models
Authors: Chen Zhaozheng , Sun Qianru
Published: December 2024

The rapid development of deep learning has driven significant progress in image semantic segmentation—a fundamental task in computer vision. Semantic segmentation algorithms often depend on the availability of pixel-level labels (i.e., masks of objects), which are expensive, time consuming, and labor intensive. Weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) is an effective solution to avoid such labeling. It utilizes only partial or incomplete annotations and provides a cost-effective alternative to fully supervised semantic segmentation. In this article, our focus is on the WSSS with image-level labels, which is the most challenging form of WSSS. Our work has two parts. First, we conduct a comprehensive survey on traditional methods, primarily focusing on those presented at premier research conferences. We categorize them into four groups based on where their methods operate: pixel-wise, image-wise, cross-image, and external data. Second, we investigate the applicability of visual foundation models, such as the Segment Anything Model (SAM), in the context of WSSS. We scrutinize SAM in two intriguing scenarios: text prompting and zero-shot learning. We provide insights into the potential and challenges of deploying visual foundational models for WSSS, facilitating future developments in this exciting research area. Our code is provided at this link:
https://github.com/zhaozhengChen/SAM_WSSS
.
Tight Fine-Grained Bounds for Direct Access on Join Queries
Authors: Bringmann Karl , Carmeli Nofar , Mengel Stefan
Published: December 2024

We consider the task of lexicographic direct access to query answers. That is, we want to simulate an array containing the answers of a join query sorted in a lexicographic order chosen by the user. A recent dichotomy showed for which queries and orders this task can be done in polylogarithmic access time after quasilinear preprocessing, but this dichotomy does not tell us how much time is required in the cases classified as hard. We determine the preprocessing time needed to achieve polylogarithmic access time for all join queries and all lexicographical orders. To this end, we propose a decomposition-based general algorithm for direct access on join queries. We then explore its optimality by proving lower bounds for the preprocessing time based on the hardness of a certain online Set-Disjointness problem, which shows that our algorithm’s bounds are tight for all lexicographic orders on join queries. Then, we prove the hardness of Set-Disjointness based on the Zero-Clique Conjecture, which is an established conjecture from fine-grained complexity theory. Interestingly, while proving our lower bound, we show that self-joins do not affect the complexity of direct access (up to logarithmic factors). Our algorithm can also be used to solve queries with projections and relaxed order requirements, though in these cases, its running time is not necessarily optimal. We also show that similar techniques to those used in our lower bounds can be used to prove that, for enumerating answers to Loomis-Whitney joins, it is not possible to significantly improve upon trivially computing all answers at preprocessing. This, in turn, gives further evidence (based on the Zero-Clique Conjecture) to the enumeration hardness of self-join-free cyclic joins with respect to linear preprocessing and constant delay.
On-Site Electrochemical Sensor for Carbamazepine Monitoring in Aquatic Environments
Authors: Raucci Ada , Buonciro Maddalena , Mancini Marco , Gioia Valentina , Frugis Alessandro , Cinti Stefano
Published: December 2024

This work analyzes the detection of carbamazepine (CBZ), a commonly used anticonvulsant medication that exhibits extended persistence in aquatic habitats, by the application of advanced sensor technologies. Owing to its chemical stability, CBZ is resistant to natural degradation, posing significant ecological risks in aquatic environments. Conventional techniques for CBZ detection, such as high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry, require intricate laboratory configurations and significant sample preparation, restricting their use for fast in situ monitoring. To tackle these issues, we created a portable electrochemical sensor using screen-printed electrodes on a flexible polyester-based substrate. Under optimized conditions, the sensor demonstrated high sensitivity in a linear detection range from 1 to 20 μM with a detection limit of 0.8 μM by differential pulse voltammetry technique. Recovery range was found to be between 93% and 107%, which further confirmed reliability, showing consistency in CBZ detection across varied levels in wastewater. Preliminary results on continuous measurements have been also carried out, demonstrating a promising application for prolonged analysis in real-settings.
Discovery of BBO-8520, a First-In-Class Direct and Covalent Dual Inhibitor of GTP-Bound (ON) and GDP-Bound (OFF) KRASG12C
Authors: Maciag Anna E. , Stice James P. , Wang Bin , Sharma Alok K. , Chan Albert H. , Lin Ken , Singh Devansh , Dyba Marcin , Yang Yue , Setoodeh Saman , Smith Brian P. , Ju Jin Hyun , Jeknic Stevan , Rabara Dana , Zhang Zuhui , Larsen Erik K. , Esposito Dominic , Denson John-Paul , Ranieri Michela , Meynardie Mary , Mehdizadeh Sadaf , Alexander Patrick A. , Abreu Blanco Maria , Turner David M. , Xu Rui , Lightstone Felice C. , Wong Kwok-Kin , Stephen Andrew G. , Wang Keshi , Simanshu Dhirendra K. , Sinkevicius Kerstin W. , Nissley Dwight V. , Wallace Eli , McCormick Frank , Beltran Pedro J.
Published: December 2024

Approved inhibitors of KRASG12C prevent oncogenic activation by sequestering the inactive, GDP-bound (OFF) form rather than directly binding and inhibiting the active, GTP-bound (ON) form. This approach provides no direct target coverage of the active protein. Expectedly, adaptive resistance to KRASG12C (OFF)-only inhibitors is observed in association with increased expression and activity of KRASG12C(ON). To provide optimal KRASG12C target coverage, we have developed BBO-8520, a first-in-class, direct dual inhibitor of KRASG12C(ON) and (OFF) forms. BBO-8520 binds in the Switch-II/Helix3 pocket, covalently modifies the target cysteine, and disables effector binding to KRASG12C(ON). BBO-8520 exhibits potent signaling inhibition in growth factor–activated states, in which current (OFF)-only inhibitors demonstrate little measurable activity. In vivo, BBO-8520 demonstrates rapid target engagement and inhibition of signaling, resulting in durable tumor regression in multiple models, including those resistant to KRASG12C(OFF)-only inhibitors. BBO-8520 is in phase 1 clinical trials in patients with KRASG12C non–small cell lung cancer.

Significance:

BBO-8520 is a first-in-class direct, small molecule covalent dual inhibitor that engages KRASG12C in the active (ON) and inactive (OFF) conformations. BBO-8520 represents a novel mechanism of action that allows for optimal target coverage and delays the emergence of adaptive resistance seen with (OFF)-only inhibitors in the clinic.
Figure 1 from Pan-Cancer Analysis of Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Cell Lines
Authors: Dodson Anne E. , Shenker Sol , Sullivan Pamela , Nayak Sumeet U. , Middleton Chris , McGuire Michael , Chipumuro Edmond , Mishina Yuji , Tobin Erica R. , Cadzow Louise , Wylie Andrew A. , Sangurdekar Dipen
Published: December 2024

Adapting CHORD for cell lines. A, Preprocessing steps to prepare data for CHORD. For cell lines with WGS available, SNV and small indels were called using SAGE, and structural variants were called using GRIDSS. Filters were applied to select quality variants that are likely somatic prior to running CHORD. AF, allele frequency. B, CHORD predictions for BRCA1/2-deficient and likely BRCA1/2-proficient cell lines. Top: CHORD-HRD probabilities shown as the sum of BRCA1- and BRCA2-type probabilities. Bottom: Cell lines with biallelic loss of BRCA1 or BRCA2. C, CHORD performance as determined by the ROC (top) and precision–recall (bottom) curves for HRD, BRCA1-type, and BRCA2-type prediction classes. The AUC is shown in parentheses.
Early initiation of icodextrin reduces peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis risk: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mitsuno Ryunosuke , Nakayama Takashin , Morimoto Kohkichi , Uchiyama Kiyotaka , Washida Naoki , Kusahana Ei , Yoshida Hama Eriko , Tonomura Shun , Yoshimoto Norifumi , Hishikawa Akihito , Hagiwara Aika , Azegami Tatsuhiko , Yoshino Jun , Monkawa Toshiaki , Yoshida Tadashi , Yamaguchi Shintaro , Hayashi Kaori
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Peritonitis is a common and serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) that leads to its discontinuation and death. Icodextrin (ICO) improves peritoneal ultrafiltration and its early use reduces mortality. However, its effectiveness in reducing PD-associated infections remains to be elucidated. Methods: This retrospective observational study enrolled patients who underwent PD between September 2011 and March 2020. The patients were classified into two groups: those who received ICO at the initiation of PD therapy (early ICO) and those who received ICO later or not at all (late/no ICO) and were followed up from PD induction until PD cessation, death, or three years had passed. Results: Of the 82 patients (age, 61 [53–72] years), 21 received early ICO. During follow-up (36 [14–36] months), the incidence of PD-associated peritonitis was 0.17 episodes per patient-year. Log-rank tests indicated that PD-associated peritonitis and tunnel infection (TI)-free survival rates were significantly better with the early use of ICO than that with late/no ICO (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively). The early use of ICO remained significantly associated with decreased incidence of both peritonitis and TI (hazards ratio [HR], 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06–0.69 and HR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01–0.78, respectively) using Cox regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders. Conclusion: Beginning ICO administration at the initiation of PD shows promise for mitigating the risks of PD-associated peritonitis and TI.
Máscaras, demônios e jogadores: uma leitura de Baile de máscaras, de Lermontov
Authors: Bediaga Sofia Osthoff
Published: December 2024

Masquerade is a play written by Mikhail Lermontov (1814-1841), one of the main writers of Russian romanticism. Based on the structure of Shakespeare's Othello, Lermontov presents the protagonist Arbiênin as a contemporary, Russian version of the Moorish hero, who acts in a cold, calculated, and cowardly way in the face of his wife's supposed betrayal, as opposed to the bloodthirsty passion of the other. In this article, we will use the metaphor of masks as a guiding thread to discuss the philosophical, social and aesthetic aspects of the play, which questions the possibility of a rational and moral human existence and shows the hypocrisy of a society supposedly governed by Enlightenment values. Masks and card games as battle simulations appear in the play as metaphors for working out the difference between appearances and reality, which Lermontov relates, in a metalinguistic way, to art itself, especially theater.
Una lectura de la antología de Boris Groys sobre el cosmismo ruso en relación con el desarrollo de la política soviética y algunos aspectos de la realidad contemporánea
Authors: Sarachu Julia
Published: December 2024

En el artículo se analizan algunos textos de autores centrales del cosmismo ruso extraídos de la antología realizada por el compilador Boris Groys en su versión española publicada por Caja Negra Editora con traducción de Fulvio Franchi. A partir del análisis se exponen los conceptos centrales del movimiento intelectual denominado cosmismo ruso, cuyo desarrollo comienza en el siglo XIX con la obra de Fiódorov y se extiende hasta aproximadamente mediados del siglo XX. Se plantean relaciones ideológicas con el proyecto soviético y el devenir de la ciencia, la política y la cultura globlales durante el siglo XX y hasta la actualidad.
Sobre a pequena burguesia - Maksim Górki
Authors: Vasques Ana Carolina Barros
Published: December 2024

The article "On the Petty Bourgeoisie" (О мещанстве), published in 1929 by Maxim Gorky, is one of the author's most representative texts as it addresses a concept deeply rooted in the Russian language and almost untranslatable. This term, translated as "petty bourgeoisie," refers not only to a social class but also to an ideological and behavioral stance adopted by a certain group of people, characterized by mediocre, self-centered, mechanical, petty, and vulgar attitudes. Therefore, this article, beyond presenting Gorky's perspective on the subject within the revolutionary historical context of Russia, serves as a crucial theoretical reference for understanding this segment of society, which is also depicted by the author in his renowned play "The Small Bourgeoisie." The issues discussed remain relevant and reflect aspects of society that are still pertinent today.
A vida ordinária inviabilizada: o diário de Elena Skriábina sobre o trauma do cerco de Leningrado
Authors: Almeida Giuliana
Published: December 2024

Life writing helped the Russian intelligentsia to build its identity as a group. Many women from Russian intelligentsia embraced the memorialist/autobiographical genre and narrated their lives. Many of these lives faced challenging times. This article analyzes a diary written by Elena Skriabina - Siege and Survival – The Odyssey of a Leningrader, that describes the experience of surviving the Leningrad’s Blockade. Leningrad (now, Saint Petersburg) was blocked by Hitler’s troops in the Second World War during 872 days and its inhabitants suffered the most terrible difficulties and hardship. Skriabina’s book talks about having the private life forged by History and opens the reader’s eyes to the importance of the narration of individual lives lived through the whirlwind of History.
Musculatura, poder e sentidos corporais nos relevos palacianos de Assurnasirpal II (séc. IX AEC)
Authors: Ranieri Leandro Penna
Published: December 2024

Neste texto, objetiva-se examinar a representação das figuras musculosas nos relevos parietais do palácio assírio do período de reinado de Assurnasirpal II (883-859 AEC) à luz das pesquisas recentes sobre o tema. Argumentamos que os traços musculares tendem a realçar, como representação, o aspecto masculino e guerreiro das figuras, assim como extrapola esse nível da visualidade para afetar, sensorialmente, os observadores. Então, os músculos funcionam como representação, mas o atributo formal da mensagem visual afeta para além da visualidade, inclusive corporalmente – ou, utilizando uma perspectiva da neurociência, é uma ressonância corporal de uma simulação incorporada.
Association of T-Cell Phenotypes With Peri-Coronary Inflammation in People With and Without HIV and Without Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Freeman Michael L. , Hossain Mian B. , Burrowes Shana A.B. , Jeudy Jean , Diaz-Mendez Felisa , Mitchell Sarah E. , Prabhu Sumanth D. , Lederman Michael M. , Bagchi Shashwatee
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Persistent immune activation is linked to elevated cardiovascular diseases in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. The fat attenuation index (FAI) is a measure of peri-coronary inflammation that independently predicts cardiovascular disease risk in people without HIV. Whether FAI is associated with immune activation is unknown.

METHODS:

Peripheral blood T-cell activation and homing phenotypes were measured in people with HIV (n=58) and people without HIV (n=16) without known cardiovascular disease who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography and had FAI measurements. A cross-sectional analysis of an observational cohort was performed. The primary aim was to evaluate associations of T-cell activation and phenotypes with the outcome variables, FAI values of the right coronary artery and left anterior descending artery, which were assessed using multivariable regression models adjusted for age, natal sex, race, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, and use of lipid-lowering medication.

RESULTS:

T cells from people with HIV showed greater activation, as measured by cluster of differentiation (CD) 38/human leukocyte antigen – DR isotype coexpression on CD4 central memory and terminally-differentiated effector memory subsets and on CD8 effector memory (TEM), than did cells from people without HIV. Expression of the chemokine receptor C-C Chemokine Receptor 2 was reduced on CD4 central memory and TEM and CD8 TEM and terminally-differentiated effector memory subsets in people with HIV. Among all participants, PD-1 (programmed cell death 1) in CD8 central memory was associated with worsened peri-coronary inflammation of the right coronary artery, whereas perforin/granzyme B on CD8 TEM was associated with improved peri-coronary inflammation of the right coronary artery and left anterior descending artery in adjusted analyses. When accounting for HIV serostatus, CD38/human leukocyte antigen – DR isotype coexpression on CD8 central memory, TEM, and terminally-differentiated effector memory cells was associated with more peri-coronary inflammation of the left anterior descending artery.

CONCLUSIONS:

The associations between T-cell activation with FAI are novel and suggest that T-cell activation may be an important driver of peri-coronary inflammation, occurring at an early stage of atherosclerosis, even before the development of clinical disease.
Population demographics of the maternal Darevskia Arribas, 1999 species D. raddei (Boettger, 1892) from eastern Türkiye
Authors: Beşer Nurettin , Kumlutaş Yusuf , Ilgaz Çetin , Candan Kamil , Üzüm Nazan
Published: December 2024

The Darevskia raddei complex shares mtDNA with five out of seven parthenogenetic Darevskia species. The animal‘s distribution range includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran and Türkiye, and it possibly also occurs in Turkmenistan. Despite its evolutionary and ecological importance, this species has not been studied demographically and naturally no comparisons have been made among the parthenogenetic lineages. Here, we document the life history of five D. raddei populations mainly by using skeletochronology. The minimum age for all populations was calculated to be three years old. After three hibernations, they grow beyond 40 mm of snout-vent length. There were significant age differences between sexes in two of the populations studied. However, no body size difference between sexes was calculated in all populations. In some cases age and body size were significantly different between populations. In none of the results there was a relation with the altitude or climate of the distribution area. The average and maximum ages were found to be higher in populations from all studied parthenogenetic species with which D. raddei is related.
Decolonising Arctic Archives: a Research Agenda
Authors: Johnstone Rachael Lorna , Seiding Inge Høst
Published: December 2024

This article explores the legal arguments and historic claims regarding the return of archives to the Peoples in the Arctic about whom they pertain. It calls for international lawyers to work with archival theorists and practitioners to explore the law of decolonisation and its potential application to cases of displaced archives in the Arctic. Peoples in the Arctic who have experienced colonisation have outstanding claims – some formalised, others latent – to return of records compiled by colonial authorities about them. Their claims differ in important ways from historic precedents from other parts of the world, in particular, those of newly independent States.
How to Address Regulatory Gap for Transboundary Oil Pollution from Offshore Installations in the Arctic
Authors: Basaran Ilker , Nyman Elizabeth
Published: December 2024

Offshore oil production has experienced a post-Covid surge, and this upward trend is expected to continue in new and challenging locations, such as the Arctic Ocean which holds significant hydrocarbon reserves. Despite active drilling by Russia and Norway in the region, the legal framework for offshore oil production in the Arctic Ocean lacks a comprehensive legal liability regime for transboundary oil pollution from offshore installations. This research highlights the urgent need to address this regulatory gap and develop a legal framework that can accommodate the increased level of activity in the region while protecting the fragile Arctic ecosystem.
Orchestrating Peace in the “Final Frontier”: Critical Thinking as Arctic and Antarctic Activities Evolve
Authors: Weeks Edythe E.
Published: December 2024

The term “final frontier” is normally used for outer space. However, the polar regions are likely to become ice free in the not-too-far-off future. Perhaps these locations will be our final, or next frontiers. Interests and activities are intensifying in the polar regions, especially since both polar ice caps are melting at accelerated rates. Polar lands and their natural resources are increasingly becoming ice free, territorial claims and discussions over territories are intensifying – in both the Arctic and Antarctica. This paper asserts that polar colonization and development scenarios are evolving. This is the time to apply critical thinking and critical international relations theory to assess current dynamics and factors happening concerning these regions. Similarly, discursive, legal, economic and military practices concerning rights to territories and natural resources in outer space are also beginning to escalate. Critical international relations scholars have provided detailed explanations so that we can understand connections between scrambles, colonization and development scenarios have helped produce various problems for humanity. Examples include conflict, poverty, war, inequality and environmental degradation, militarization, land and nature resource exploitation and expropriation. Future paradigms may be decided by economic concessions, geopolitical chess moves, or military strategy decision-making talents and processes. We do not have to continually wait until after-the-fact to address predictable patterns. This paper discusses several critical approaches to the study of international relations and their applicability to both polar regions, and outer space. In addition, it expresses the view that we can reimagine what our world might be like if past colonization and development scenarios had involved assurance mechanisms for equality, sustainability, elimination of conflict and widening inequality gaps, as well as social and financial equality. We can achieve higher levels of human freedom, prosperity and realizable opportunity for all people, as humanity advances its ongoing and future colonization and development projects.
The Roots ‮מצ″י‬‎ and ‮מצ″ץ‬‎ in the Psalms according to the Babylonian Tradition
Authors: Atkinson Ian
Published: December 2024

The root ‮מצ″י‬‎ occurs twice in the Psalter in the Tiberian tradition. Ps 73:10 contains the niphal ‮יִמָּצוּ‬‎, while the qal ‮יִמְצוּ‬‎ is read in Ps 75:9. Half of the Babylonian manuscripts containing Ps 73:10 exhibit a different morphology, possibly to avoid ambiguity between the intended root ‮מצ″י‬‎ and ‮מצ″א‬‎, though more likely derived from the geminate ‮מצ″ץ‬‎. The latter reading comes close to the commonly conjectured revocalisation, ‮יָמֹצּוּ‬‎, though the niphal is almost certainly in view, rather than the supposed qal. Four out of six Babylonian manuscripts containing Ps 75:9 also provide a unique reading in comparison to the Tiberian tradition. Two are identical to their forms in Ps 73:10, while one possibly contains the niphal ‮מצ″י‬‎ (as the Tiberian ‮יִמָּצוּ‬‎ in Ps 73:10) and another definitely does so. These four manuscripts provide previously undocumented Hebrew manuscript support for the LXX’s syntax, with the passive ἐξεκενώθη.
Changing Mathematics Education Practice: a Systematic Review of Mathematics Education Implementation Research in the Nordic Countries
Authors: Ratnayake Iresha Gayani , Ahl Linda Marie , Prytz Johan , Jankvist Uffe Thomas
Published: December 2024

This review paper systematically examines implementation research studies reported in the journals of the Nordic countries focusing on mathematics education innovations implemented in Nordic countries over the past three decades. We aimed to identify the types of innovations reported, the objectives of the research and the scale of the projects. Our review categorized the innovations into four types: new teaching methods, new tools, new learning methods, and curriculum reforms and textbook innovations. The most frequently reported innovation was implementing new teaching methods. Our findings reveal that the majority of papers are to be found in NOMAD and SJER, and that studies reported here focus on small implementation research projects, either as parts of larger initiatives or as standalone experiments. One observation is, however, many reports lack details on the intentions or challenges of scaling up these projects.

The impact sheet to this article can be accessed at 10.6084/m9.figshare.27153099.
Development of a Low-Cost, 3D-Printed, Aspirated Air Temperature Measurement Radiation Shield
Authors: Deford Lexi , Stoll Rob , Pardyjak Eric R.
Published: December 2024

Accurate measurement of ambient air temperature is critical to numerous applications. This task is complicated by solar radiation which can heat the air temperature sensor body, causing it to record temperatures in excess of the true air temperature. The standard way to protect against this interference is to house the sensors in passive radiation shields which block the majority of solar radiation. However, solar radiation still heats the shield body which can then heat the sensor, causing measurement errors under low wind conditions. An alternative method is to aspirate the sensor using a fan to force air movement over the sensor body. Aspirated temperature sensing units are commercially available, but they can be expensive and consume a significant amount of power. Here, we present the design and initial rigorous testing of a low-cost, low-power aspirated temperature sensing unit designed to integrate with any low-cost distributed sensor platform. The design uses a freely available, custom-designed 3D-printed housing that enables rapid assembly. The new, open-source unit is shown to perform as well as passive shields and commercial aspirated shields of significantly higher cost. This success shows the potential of leveraging 3D printing technologies for other housing units. Further testing is needed to better quantify the long-term robustness of the shield.

Significance Statement

This paper describes a low-cost open-source aspirated radiation shield for accurately measuring air temperatures. While aspirated shields exist commercially, they can be expensive and energy intensive. The design presented here can be easily fabricated with an inexpensive low-power fan and low-cost 3D printing capabilities. The design results in temperature measurements that compare well with more expensive options.
College Students’ Coping, Resilience, Well-Being, Academic Experiences, and Help-Seeking Attitudes During COVID-19
Authors: Wang Yu-Wei , Abebe Israel , Cruz Tiana E. , Arévalo Avalos Marvyn R. , Sifat Munjireen , Abdelwahab Sarah , Li Tony
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic dealt a major disruption to the lives of college students, impacting their well-being and academic experiences. This two-point, longitudinal study (Wave 2 N = 286) investigated how the pandemic impacted college students, how students coped, and how their resilience and coping profiles were associated with their well-being, academic performance, and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help. Latent Profile Analyses showed that students’ coping profiles changed after the pandemic started. Compared to Active Copers—those who used more active coping strategies during the pandemic, (a) Withdrawal Copers had poorer academic performance and reported lower levels of happiness and life satisfaction, more loneliness, and less favorable help-seeking attitudes; and (b) Undifferentiated Copers reported lower levels of happiness, more loneliness, and less favorable help-seeking attitudes. Using the convergent mixed-methods design and a combination of person- and variable-centered approaches, our findings have important implications for practice, advocacy, education, training, and future research.
Guidelines for Reporting Oral Epidemiologic Studies to Inform Burden Estimation (GROESBE)
Authors: Bernabé E. , Salomon-Ibarra C.C. , Marcenes W.
Published: December 2024

High-quality prevalence and incidence studies of oral conditions are essential for estimation of disease burden and comparison of estimates among countries and over time, as well as for priority setting, resource allocation, and planning public health action. Existing systematic reviews of the epidemiology of untreated dental caries, severe periodontitis, and edentulism, carried out for the Global Burden of Disease study, showed inadequate and incomplete reporting of the measurement of oral conditions as well as a lack of consistency and comparability with other health conditions. These issues are more accentuated in studies from low- and middle-income countries. Studies must meet the highest standards so that these efforts do not waste resources. This report extends the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines to improve and standardize the reporting of descriptive oral epidemiologic studies of common oral conditions. The aim of the Guidelines for Reporting Oral Epidemiologic Studies to Inform Burden Estimation (GROESBE) is to promote transparency, clarity, and comparability of scientific reporting, specifically for prevalence and incidence studies of untreated caries, severe periodontitis, and edentulism. The GROESBE guidelines and checklist were developed following a structured and formal consultation process with a geographically diverse group of 23 individuals involved in the conduct and analysis of oral epidemiologic studies. GROESBE focuses on elements that are not included in STROBE, adding 14 specific recommendations to existing guidelines. They will facilitate reliable comparison of emerging prevalence and incidence data on untreated caries, severe periodontitis, and edentulism across settings worldwide and the synthesis of robust evidence to inform estimation of disease burden in future iterations of the Global Burden of Disease study.
Serial neonaticide: Analysis of 126 cases
Authors: Brockington Ian , Simmat-Durand Laurence , Bramante Alessandra , Klier Claudia
Published: December 2024

A total of 126 cases of serial neonaticide (with at least 3 neonates killed) have been collected, 54 from medical reports and 72 from newspapers. Compared with single neonaticides, and especially when five or more infants have been killed, they have more often been perpetrated by women in conjugal or stable relationships and have more frequently involved other family members. In some cases, the explicit motive has been family limitation. It is clear from the preservation and care of the corpses, that some mothers have had an emotional attachment to their infants. Medical under-reporting and the apparent ease of concealment suggest that this criminal activity is more common than has been appreciated.
Analyzing the parallelization and structural impact of machine learning algorithms in social networks: a simulation-based approach
Authors: Banihashemi Sepideh , Veksler Keren , Abhari Abdolreza
Published: December 2024

Analyzing social media networks is crucial for understanding and uncovering common interests and characteristics among users within human societies. In this context, we simulated a simple application of human interaction in social networks, which involves users following others based on text similarity. We then investigated the effects of various machine learning (ML) algorithms employed in the applications to be used as recommendations to decision-making users. A novel agent-based social network simulator called distributed system and multinode processing is developed to assess the parallelization of the ML algorithms (i.e., K-means clustering, cosine similarity, support vector machine, multilayer perceptron) using bag of words (BoW) term frequency-inverse document frequency vectorization by evaluating their performance when executed in parallel across distributed heterogeneous resources. In addition, this simulator compares the effects of BoW with the Doc2Vec model on network structure by observing the differences in detected communities and resulting network graphs when a selected user follows the recommendations produced by an employed algorithm. Three real datasets were used in the experiments: Twitter, Scientific Research Papers, and Retail. This work’s contribution is a unique in-house agent-based simulator developed to analyze the impact of common ML algorithms, including supervised and unsupervised learning, on social networks.
Pediatric gait training using a lower-limb exoskeleton with adaptive finite-time sliding mode control scheme: An experimental study
Authors: Narayan Jyotindra , Dwivedy Santosha K
Published: December 2024

This study addresses challenges in real-time gait regulation for a pediatric exoskeleton by introducing an adaptive finite-time sliding mode control. The approach utilizes a non-singular fast terminal sliding mode (NFTSM) surface with adaptive laws to guide the system states toward equilibrium within a finite time. Lyapunov’s theory validates the swift convergence of tracking error. The proposed adaptive-NFTSM (ANFTSM) control is applied on an existing lower-limb exoskeleton and tested for a Cerebral Palsy-affected pediatric subject (12 years, 35 kg, 131 cm) over 7 days of gait training. On the seventh day, ANFSTM control strategy outperforms the contrast adaptive terminal sliding mode (ATSM) strategy by 21.57% and 16.36% in tracking knee and ankle joint trajectories. ANFSTM control achieves convergent sliding manifolds [Formula: see text] within 25%, 23%, and 21% of the respective gait cycles. Moreover, the proposed ANFTSM control demonstrates negligible chattering in sliding surfaces over 7 days compared to the adaptive terminal sliding mode (ATSM) control. The precise estimation of unknown coefficients in the ANFTSM control ensures robustness against uncertainties and external interferences. On the seventh day, ANFTSM control excels over ATSM control with a remarkable reduction of more than 18% in voltage consumption. Finally, statistical measures over the entire gait training period emphasize the potential of the ANFTSM control scheme in ameliorating abnormal gait patterns in pediatric subjects.
Finite-time asymmetric bipartite consensus for multi-agent systems with privacy-preserving
Authors: Fang Fan , Yang Hongyong , Liu Fei , Wang Shuochen
Published: December 2024

This article addresses the finite-time asymmetric bipartite consensus problem for multi-agent systems (MASs) with privacy-preserving. Firstly, a novel algorithm for MASs called the sub-state sharing privacy-preserving algorithm (SSPPA) is proposed, which prevents the leakage of privacy information by hiding the initial state of agents within the system. SSPPA decomposes the initial state of each agent in the system, and then transmits the decomposed sub-states. After receiving the sub-state information from neighboring nodes, the destination node recombines them to generate a new hidden value. Secondly, a nonlinear control protocol with asymmetric influence coefficient is constructed, which can reach finite- and fixed-time asymmetric bipartite consensus. Then, through the analysis of the performance of the proposed algorithm, it is found that the algorithm will not affect the ultimate convergence of the system. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of both the privacy-preserving algorithm and control protocol.
Study of the stability of the linearized compressible Navier-Stokes system
Authors: Arfaoui Hassen
Published: December 2024

A deep analytic analysis of the stability for the one-dimensional linearized compressible Navier-Stokes system (LNSS) is presented. A very detailed study of the spectrum of the unbounded linear differential operator associated with LNSS has been completed. A Fourier analysis method and an explicit calculation using the eigenvalues of the linear operator make it possible to obtain exponential stability results with a decay rate determined solely according to the parameters of LNSS. Consequently, some exponential stability results are proved in different Hilbert spaces, (in [Formula: see text]-norm and [Formula: see text]-norm). Finally, numerical experiments are presented to verify the theoretical results.
The Lack of Sustainability in Police Reform Mental Health Support and Their Inconclusive Effectiveness
Authors: Moon Haley R.
Published: December 2024

Those calling for police reformation have advocated for reducing police-led response to mental health crises and instead, transferring these calls to adequately trained mental health professionals. This support program is commonly referred to as the mental health, “co-responder” model. The empirical evidence currently supporting co-responder models suggests inconsistencies in program development, unclear objectives, and a lack of standards for rigorous program evaluation. Thus, the purpose of this review was to identify co-responder models throughout the United States and assess the anecdotal in-/effectiveness of these programs as well as potential factors contributing to the hindrance of or boost in sustainability of this reformative support model. The Transform911 initiative facilitated by the University of Chicago Health Lab from 2020 to 2022 was utilized as the foundation of this review. Findings suggest a consistent theme across program objectives and render important recommendations for current and future co-responder teams.
The Effect of Intervention Preference Matching on Outcomes and Engagement in a Post-cessation Weight Management Trial
Authors: Day Kelsey , Solomon Erin , Zoellner Jamie , Bursac Zoran , Krukowski Rebecca A.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study examined the effect of intervention treatment preference in a post-smoking cessation weight management trial.

Design & Setting

Participants were randomized to a weight management intervention (Stability, Loss, or Bibliotherapy); all participants received a standard smoking cessation program. Adults aged 18+ were recruited from Memphis, TN, and nationally.

Participants

Individuals were eligible if they had a BMI of 22 kg/m2 or greater.

Measures

Participants were asked about their preferred weight intervention at screening. Weight change and self-reported point-prevalence abstinence were assessed (Month 12). Participants rated perceived effectiveness, difficulty (screening, Month 2), and intervention satisfaction (Month 12).

Analysis

We examined the effect of intervention preference match on 12-month weight change, smoking cessation, perceived effectiveness, difficulty, and satisfaction.

Results

Participants (n = 305) were majority female (68%); white (52%); and had overweight/obesity (87%). At screening, most participants perceived the Loss intervention as most effective; at Month 2, Stability was perceived as most effective. The Stability intervention was perceived as easiest at screening and Month 2. Those who were matched to their treatment preference had greater 12-month weight loss, but similar rates of smoking cessation.

Conclusions

Participants who were matched to their preference were more successful in preventing post-cessation weight gain, compared to those who were not matched. Future research should systematically test intervention preference effects with the aim of precision health.
University-SME cooperation in low technological regions in an emerging economy: Drivers, barriers and regional development
Authors: Pereira Rosivalda , Franco Mário
Published: December 2024

Cooperation between universities and firms in regions with low technological intensity has received little attention from academics in recent years. This study aims to understand university-firm (U-F) cooperation in a low-tech region in an emerging economy such as northeastern Brazil. To achieve this objective, a qualitative approach was adopted, with data being collected through semi-structured interviews with lecturers-researchers and owners-managers involved in a cooperation relation between a university and small and medium-sized enterprises (U-SMEs). From descending hierarchical classification (DHC), carried out using IRAMUTEQ software, four categories/topics were identified: (1) selecting partners, (2) barriers to cooperation, (3) institutional environment, and (4) effects of that cooperation on regional development. The results show that researchers look for these small firms based on their geographical, technological and institutional proximity. SMEs, in turn, seek cooperation from the university, from the close social relations they already have with researchers and/or other actors linked to the university who can help them to form these partnerships. The barriers to cooperation found are associated with the time taken and academic bureaucracy. The institutional environment is also a relevant factor both in forming cooperative relations and the obstacles underlying this type of process. Perception of the results of cooperation for regional development emphasizes the qualification of human resources and retaining them in the region, as well as access to new knowledge. The actions developed by the university involving local SMEs also increase the university’s insertion in the business environment.
Reliability analysis of phased mission systems based on generalized stochastic Petri nets under mixed uncertainty
Authors: Duan Rongxing , Zou Zikang , Lin Yihe , Cheng Guoxin , Yang Chengkai
Published: December 2024

Phased mission systems (PMS) are widely applied across diverse industrial systems. Technological advancements in these systems have markedly improved their performance. However, fault characteristics such as uncertainty and common cause failure (CCF) frequently emerge during failures, which significantly raises new challenges in reliability analysis. A novel system reliability analysis framework is proposed to address the mixed uncertainty and CCF in PMS. Specifically, a hybrid modeling approach that combines dynamic fault trees and generalized stochastic Petri nets (GSPN) is employed to accurately model PMS containing CCF. This approach integrates predicates and assertions from GSPN to define four reusable sub-Petri net models at different hierarchical levels, including module, phase, CCF, and overall mission levels. Furthermore, interval theory is incorporated into the framework to manage imprecise component lifetime data. For uncertainty quantification, a synergistic approach combining genetic algorithm and Monte Carlo simulation is utilized. Additionally, a simplified approach is introduced to reduce the complexity of computing the reliability boundary values of PMS. Finally, the proposed method is applied to conduct reliability analysis of a phased altitude and orbit control system. The analysis results validate its effectiveness and applicability in addressing the mixed uncertainty and CCF of PMS.