bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computación en la nube
Authors: Martín Pulido Jorge Ernesto
Published: May 2024

La computación en la nube es la tecnología mediante la cual los recursos informáticos se ofrecen y consumen a través de internet y son favorables para usuarios y proveedores. Este capítulo presenta los conceptos generales más importantes de computación en la nube, algunos hitos históricos y los modelos de servicio en la nube, así como ciertas ventajas y desventajas en los modelos de despliegue. Finalmente, se describe el estado actual de su adopción y una propuesta de aplicación en la Armada de la República de Colombia.
Community rehabilitation for people with severe and enduring mental health difficulties: a description and evaluation of a new community enhanced rehabilitation team
Authors: Fenton Kelly , Dave Anjali , Carter Laura , Carter-Marsh Coral , Kidd Katherine , Lord Alex
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims

The community enhanced rehabilitation team was implemented in 2021 as part of the NHS Long Term Plan. This evaluation assesses whether the team is meeting its aims and objectives..

Methods

Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to assess the team's progress. This included semi-structured interviews with service users, staff questionnaires and a review of data collected as part of routine clinical care..

Results

Findings showed 117 interventions had been provided via the community enhanced rehabilitation team since May 2021. Service user anxiety had reduced following intervention, and service users were less likely to be re-hospitalised if they were under the community enhanced rehabilitation team compared to other teams.

Conclusions

The community enhanced rehabilitation team is meeting its aims and objectives, suggesting this is an effective model for community rehabilitation teams.

Implications for practice

Community enhanced rehabilitation teams can be created using this model as an example.
Misuse of the Mental Capacity Act: ‘you have capacity to end your life and there is nothing we can do about it’
Authors: Fisher Jane
Published: May 2024

One of the central tenets of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 is ‘assume capacity’, which aims to enshrine the rights of adults to make decisions about their social and medical care. In this article, Jane Fisher explores how the principle of assumed capacity is often misappropriated, misunderstood and misapplied when attending to mental health service users with suicidal ideation.
THE ARTHROSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF TALAR BODY FRACTURES
Authors: Cannon L.
Published: May 2024

Talar body fractures are high energy intraarticular injuries that are best management by anatomical reduction and secure fixation to improve outcomes. The talus is relatively inaccessible surgically and requires extensive soft tissue dissection and/or osteotomies to gain adequate open visualisation. There are a small number of case reports on arthroscopic assisted fixation in the literature. This case series reports on the technique and early outcomes of six patients all of whom presented with significant intraarticular displacement and who were managed entirely arthroscopically.

The fractures were of the main body of the talus involving the ankle and subtalar joints and all had preoperative CT scans. All six patients underwent posterior ankle and subtalar arthroscopy with cannulated screws used to stabilise the fractures after reduction. Visualisation of the fracture reduction was excellent. After 10 days in a backslab, the patients were protected in a boot and encouraged to actively move their ankles. Weight bearing was permitted once union appeared complete.

There were no early complications of infection, avascular necrosis or VTE. There was one patient that had a non-clinically significant migration of a screw. Two patients were lost to follow up early due to being visitors. The mean length of follow up was 12 months in the remainder. The remaining four patients all returned to their preoperative level of activity. All had demonstrable subtalar stiffness. There was no early post-traumatic arthritis.

This series represents the largest so far published. The main flaw in this report is the lack of long term follow up. While this report cannot state superiority over open techniques it is a safe, effective and acceptable technique that has significant conceptual benefits.
SHORT-TERM OUTCOME OF COMPLEX REVISION TOTAL ANKLE ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Nurm T. , Ramaskandhan J. , Nicolas A. , Siddique M.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is an increasingly popular treatment option for patients with end-stage ankle arthritis. However, for most implant systems, failure rates of 10–20% have been reported within the first 10 years after primary TAA. Pain is the primary symptom that indicates failure of TAA but cause of it can be difficult to establish.

Methods

All patients who underwent a primary TAA at our center were included in the study. The clinical outcomes were studied for patients requiring a further revision procedure following primary TAA. The reasons for revision surgery and outcomes of surgery were analyzed using appropriate inferential statistical tests.

Results

Between 2007 and 2018, 42 primary TAA required revisions in 40 patients. There were 25 men (59.5%) and 15 women (35.7%) with mean age of 57.5 years the time of primary TAA. All patients had undergone primary procedure at a mean duration of 3.5 years previously (range: 3 months to 10 years). Of the total revision procedures, 12/40 (30%) of revisions were carried out due to malalignment, 10/42 (23.8%) due to loosening of the implants or bone subsidence, 5/42 procedures (11.9%) following infection, 4/42 (9.5%) due to polyethylene migration, 1/42 (2.3%) due to fracture and 1/42 (2.3%) due to Charcot arthropathy. In 9/42 (21.4%) cases, imaging showed no objective reason for pain. 50% of patients who underwent revision TAA reported 78.5% satisfaction with results of surgery at 2 years follow up post-operatively.

Conclusion

Major reasons for revising primary TAR at our centre are mal-alignment, implant loosening / bone subsidence and suspicion of infection and pain. In-spite of undergoing a complex revision surgery, patients report 78.5% satisfaction from outcomes of surgery.
OUTCOMES OF REVISION TOTAL ANKLE ARTHROPLASTY: A MINIMUM OF TWO-YEAR FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Nicolas A. Pujol , Ramaskandhan J. , Nurm T. , Siddique M.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Total ankle replacement as a valid treatment for end stage ankle arthritis, is gaining popularity and every year there is an increasing number of procedures. With revision rates as high as 21% at 5 years and 43% at 10 years there is a need for understanding and reporting the outcome of revision ankle replacement. Our aim was to study the patient reported outcomes following revision TAR with a minimum of 2 year follow up.

Methods

All patients that underwent a revision total ankle replacement between 2012 and 2016 were included in the study. All patients received a post-operative questionnaire comprising of MOX-FQ score, EQ-5D (UK) and Foot and Ankle outcomes scores (FAOS) and patients satisfaction questionnaire with a minimum of 2 years follow up.

Results

33 patients had a revision total ankle replacement between 2012 and 2016. 2 patients were deceased therefore 31 patients were included in the study. 4 patients declined participation for completing questionnaires. We received 15/27 (55.5%) completed questionnaires. The mean MOX-FQ average domain score for pain was (50.6 ± 26.9), walking/standing (62.4 ± 36.5) and social function was (43.7± 31.0). The mean FAOS scores were (52.5 ± 30.6; pain), (54.5 ± 29.2; symptoms), (62.1 ± 30.5; ADL) and (35.5 ± 28.2; for quality of life). The mean overall health score today for EQ-5D was 73.9/100. 50% of patients were satisfied with the pain relief and return to sports and recreation obtained following the operation, 57% were satisfied with the improved in daily activities. 78.5% were overall satisfied with the results from surgery.

Conclusion

Revision total ankle replacement gives overall satisfactory results demonstrated from patients reported outcomes at a minimum of 2 years following surgery.
PREVALENCE OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH TOTAL CONTACT CAST
Authors: Widnall J. , Tonge X. , Jackson G. , Platt S.
Published: May 2024

Background

Venous Thrombo-Embolism is a recognized complication of lower limb immobilization. In the neuropathic patient total contact casting (TCC) is used in the management of acute charcot neuroathropathy and/or to off-load neuropathic ulcers, frequently for long time periods. To our knowledge there is no literature stating the prevalence of VTE in patients undergoing TCC. We perceive that neuropathic patients with active charcot have other risk factors for VTE which would predispose them to this condition and would mandate the use of prophylaxis. We report a retrospective case series assessing the prevalence of VTE in the patients being treated with TCCs.

Methods

Patients undergoing TCC between 2006 and 2018 were identified using plaster room records. These patients subsequently had clinical letters and radiological reports assessed for details around the TCC episode, past medical history and any VTE events.

Results

There were 143 TCC episodes in 104 patients. Average age at cast application was 55 years. Time in cast averaged 45 days (range 5 days – 8 months, median 35 days). 3 out of 4 patients had neuropathy as a consequence of diabetes. One TCC related VTE (0.7% of casting episodes) was documented. This was a proximal DVT confirmed on USS 9 days following cast removal. No patient received VTE prophylaxis while in TCC.

Conclusion

Despite these complex patients having a multitude of co-morbidities the prevalence of VTE in the TCC setting remains similar to that of the general population. This may be due to the fact that TCCs permit weight bearing. This case series suggests that, while all patients should be individually VTE risk assessed as for any lower limb immobilization, chemical thromboprophylaxis is not routinely indicated in the context of TCCs.
HIGH ANKLE SPRAINS WITH SYNDESMOSIS INSTABILITY: TIME TO MRI MATTERS
Authors: Marsland D. , Randell M. , Ballard E. , Forster B. , Lutz M.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Early clinical examination combined with MRI following a high ankle sprain allows accurate diagnosis of syndesmosis instability. However, patients often present late, and for chronic injuries clinical assessment is less reliable. Furthermore, in many centres MRI may be not be readily available. The aims of the current study were to define MRI characteristics associated with syndesmosis instability, and to determine whether MRI patterns differed according to time from injury.

Methods

Retrospectively, patients with an unstable ligamentous syndesmosis injury requiring fixation were identified from the logbooks of two fellowship trained foot and ankle surgeons over a five-year period. After exclusion criteria (fibula fracture or absence of an MRI report by a consultant radiologist), 164 patients (mean age 30.7) were available. Associations between MRI characteristics and time to MRI were examined using Pearson's chi-square tests or Fisher's exact tests (significance set at p< 0.05).

Results

Overall, 100% of scans detected a syndesmosis injury if performed acutely (within 6 weeks of injury), falling to 83% if performed after 12 weeks (p=0.001). In the acute group, 93.5% of patients had evidence of at least one of either PITFL injury (78.7%), posterior malleolus bone oedema (60.2%), or a posterior malleolus fracture (15.7%). In 20% of patients with a posterior malleolus bone bruise or fracture, the PITFL was reported as normal. The incidence of posterior malleolus bone bruising and fracture did not significantly differ according to time.

Conclusion

For unstable ligamentous syndesmosis injuries, MRI becomes less sensitive over time. Importantly, posterior malleolus bone oedema or fracture may be the only evidence of a posterior injury. Failure to recognise instability may lead to inappropriate management of the patient, long term pain and arthritis. We therefore advocate early MRI as it becomes more difficult to ‘grade’ the injury if delayed.
OUTCOMES OF PERONEAL TENDOSCOPY: THE BRISTOL EXPERIENCE
Authors: Senthi S. , Miller D. , Hepple S. , Harries W. , Winson I.
Published: May 2024

Tendoscopy in the treatment of peroneal tendon disorders is becoming an increasingly safe, reliable, and reproducible technique. Peroneal tendoscopy can be used as both an isolated procedure and as an adjacent procedure with other surgical techniques. The aim of our study was to review all peroneal tendoscopy that was undertaken at the AOC, by the senior authors (IGW, SH), and to determine the safety and efficacy of this surgical technique.

Methods

From 2000 to 2017 a manual and electronic database search was undertaken of all procedures by the senior authors. Peroneal tendoscopy cases were identified and then prospectively analysed.

Results

51 patients (23 male, 28 female) were identified from 2004–2017 using a manual and electronic database search. The mean age at time of surgery was 41.5 years (range 16–83) with a mean follow-up time post operatively of 11.8 months (range 9–64 months). The main indications for surgery were lateral and/or postero-lateral ankle pain and lateral ankle swelling. The majority of cases showed unstable peroneal tendon tears that were debrided safely using tendoscopy. Of the 51 patients, 23 required an adjacent foot and ankle operation at the same time, 5 open and 17 arthroscopic (12 ankle, 5 subtalar). Open procedures included 2 first ray osteotomies, 2 open debridements of accessory tissue, one PL to PB transfer. One patient also had an endoscopic FHL transfer. Complication rates to date have been low: 2 superficial wound infections (4%) and one repeat tendoscopy for ongoing pain. A small proportion of patients with ongoing pain were treated with USS guided steroid injections with good results.

Conclusion

Our series of peroneal tendoscopy has a low complication rate with high patient satisfaction at discharge. Results of tendoscopic treatment are similar to open techniques, however its advantages make tendoscopic procedures an excellent method to treat peroneal tendon disorders.
Geospatial Agricultural Incident Analysis for the State of Indiana
Authors: Etienne Aaron James , Haslett Noah Joel , Field William E.
Published: May 2024

Highlights

29 recent agricultural-related fatalities or injuries occurring throughout the state of Indiana were analyzed using geospatial incident analysis.

Proximity of each incident to nearby cellular towers was found through 5 and 10-mile spatial joins by their relationship with cellular towers, with no towers most likely to be found within 5 miles of a given incident and only one tower to be found within 10 miles of a given incident.

Proximity of each incident to emergency services and the nearest hospital was performed through 5 and 10-mile spatial joins, with only one service provider most likely to be within the five-mile range of a given incident.

Abstract. A total of 29 recent agricultural-related injuries and fatalities throughout the state of Indiana were identified and analyzed for their proximity to cellular towers and emergency medical services (EMS). The objective of this research was to identify relationships between selected agricultural incidents and the ability of the victim to successfully contact emergency services. The geographic information system (GIS) software ArcGIS Pro and ArcGIS Online were utilized for trend identification and analysis. Findings from this analysis showed that only one EMS provider was most likely to be found within five miles of a given incident location. This frequency increased to seven EMS providers when the proximity range was increased to ten miles of a given incident location. The analysis also showed that only one cellular tower was most likely to be within a 10-mile radius of a given incident. There were frequently no accessible towers within five miles of a given incident. In addition, identified incidents were overlaid on a digital elevation map (DEM) of Indiana for analysis on the relationship between elevation and the number of accessible cell towers in the area. Studies have confirmed that victims of serious agricultural-related injuries, especially while working alone, face significant barriers in alerting EMS of their need for assistance. Geospatial analysis techniques performed in this study can be utilized by other states to assess access to EMS and for larger-scale, agricultural incident analysis. These tools have the potential to improve detail in agricultural incident reporting. Keywords: Emergency, Emergency communication, Emergency response, Farm injury, Incident response GIS, Working alone.
Education to cybersecurity in polish schools as an attempt to satisfy the need for security in the virtual world
Authors: Banaszak Edyta
Published: May 2024

Modern human being spends a significant part of his or her life in virtual reality. Therefore, it is necessary for him or her to feel safe in it. For this to be possible, a person must be prepared to function safely in the virtual world. This preparation may take place in various areas and one of the entities responsible for it is the Polish education system. The work deals with the subject of education for security in cyberspace.
Parents' expectations of a student with Special Educational Needs (SEN) regarding the competencies of the educator during the period of contemporary educational transformations
Authors: Lewandowska Hanna
Published: May 2024

Undoubtedly, the profession of a teacher is burdened with the responsibility for the success of the student. The student’s success, in turn, determines the future of the entire society. The teacher points out appropriate paths, contributes to choices, influences the psyche, and behavior of the child (Muszkieta, 2001). A teacher in early education plays the role not only of an educator, leader, therapist, but also a friend, and sometimes even a parent (Gawlik, 2021). In the modern period of educational transformations, parents’ expectations towards their child’s educator can be an important indication of the direction in which the education of future educators should go. In the context of working with students with special educational needs, this seems to be even more important. Such education requires a range of soft skills and individualization of pedagogical interventions. This publication is a report on research conducted among parents of students with Special Educational Needs (SEN) regarding their expectations towards educators. They were an attempt to outline the most important competencies of a pedagogue, according to guardians, necessary for working with a student requiring adjustment of methods and forms of work.
Addictions among children with special educational needs
Authors: Wieczorek-Płochocka Wioleta
Published: May 2024

Issues related to children with special educational needs are particularly present in pedagogical literature today. One of the problems which children with SEN experience is addiction. This chapter discusses three areas. The first part will be devoted to presenting the situation of children with special needs in the Polish education system. The second part will briefly present the problem of addiction among children. The third part will concern the fundamental problem, which is the analysis of the problem of addiction among children with special educational needs.
Buddhist Fundamental Ontology
Authors: P. Guerrero Laura
Published: May 2024

With the aim of bring Vaibhāṣika’s distinctive fundamental ontology into clearer view, here I argue that the Vaibhāṣika describe two general kinds of ontological dependence relations that generate different kinds of ontological structure: (1) ordering relations that generate hierarchical ontological structure and (2) existential dependence relations among the dharmas that co-temporaneously bundle or asynchronously causally relate them. Ordering relations are defined in terms of the distinction between ultimately real and conventionally real entities. Existential dependence relations among dharmas are defined in terms of dependent origination (pratītyasamutpāda): the view that all phenomena that occur in time are dependent on other phenomena for their occurrence in the present moment. The Vaibhāṣika position is worthy of our philosophical attention because it challenges two commonly held views (1) that fundamentality is to be understood in terms of ontological independence and (2) that causal dependence is distinct from ontological dependence.
Sublating Anxiety: Heidegger’s Notion of Angst and Xu Fuguan’s Thesis of Youhuan yishi
Authors: S. Rošker Jana
Published: May 2024

This essay performs a detailed contrastive analysis of two differing concepts of anxiety: Heidegger's Angst and Xu Fuguan’s youhuan yishi, employing the method of transcultural philosophical sublation. This dialectical approach, deeply rooted in the traditional Chinese philosophy of mutual complementarity between opposing ideas, thoughtfully integrates Heidegger's notion of Sorge (care) with the Confucian principle of ren (humaneness) as complementary rather than contradictory elements. This conceptual framework highlights the critical importance of balancing personal authenticity with social responsibility, offering a unified and nuanced perspective on both individual and collective ethics, and proposes innovative strategies to effectively address the complexities of modern life.
PESSA: A web tool for pathway enrichment score-based survival analysis in cancer
Authors: Yang Hong , Shi Ying , Lin Anqi , Qi Chang , Liu Zaoqu , Cheng Quan , Miao Kai , Zhang Jian , Luo Peng
Published: May 2024

The activation levels of biologically significant gene sets are emerging tumor molecular markers and play an irreplaceable role in the tumor research field; however, web-based tools for prognostic analyses using it as a tumor molecular marker remain scarce. We developed a web-based tool PESSA for survival analysis using gene set activation levels. All data analyses were implemented via R. Activation levels of The Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) gene sets were assessed using the single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) method based on data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), The European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA) and supplementary tables of articles. PESSA was used to perform median and optimal cut-off dichotomous grouping of ssGSEA scores for each dataset, relying on the survival and survminer packages for survival analysis and visualisation. PESSA is an open-access web tool for visualizing the results of tumor prognostic analyses using gene set activation levels. A total of 238 datasets from the GEO, TCGA, EGA, and supplementary tables of articles; covering 51 cancer types and 13 survival outcome types; and 13,434 tumor-related gene sets are obtained from MSigDB for pre-grouping. Users can obtain the results, including Kaplan–Meier analyses based on the median and optimal cut-off values and accompanying visualization plots and the Cox regression analyses of dichotomous and continuous variables, by selecting the gene set markers of interest. PESSA (https://smuonco.shinyapps.io/PESSA/ OR http://robinl-lab.com/PESSA) is a large-scale web-based tumor survival analysis tool covering a large amount of data that creatively uses predefined gene set activation levels as molecular markers of tumors.
The way back home: The invisible burden of the emergency healthcare services
Authors: Demirel Mustafa Enes , Ozcelik Aysenur , Bogan Mustafa
Published: May 2024

Ambulance services around the world vary according to regional, cultural and socioeconomic conditions. Many countries apply different health policies locally. In Turkey, transportation from hospital to home has started to form an important part of ambulance services in recent years. The increase in the number of patients whose treatment has been completed and waiting to be referred may hinder the work of the emergency services. The aim of this study was to examine the costs, indications, and impact on workload of patients sent home by ambulance. Patients were divided into two groups according to the reasons for referral. The distance to home, transport time and cost were calculated according to the reasons for transport. Patients who were transferred to other clinics or hospitals by ambulance were excluded from the study. The findings showed that the hospital-to-home transfer rate during the study period was 11.4%. Although 9.7% of all cases transferred from our hospital to home were due to social indications, these cases accounted for 16.26% of the total costs. These results suggest that providing home transport services to selected patient groups for medical reasons should be seen as part of the treatment. However, the indications for home transport should not be exceeded and an additional burden should not be placed on the fragile health service.
Comparative studies of hair shaft components between healthy and diseased donors
Authors: Ota Atsuko , Kitamura Hiroaki , Sugimoto Keigo , Ogawa Miho , Dohmae Naoshi , Okuno Hiroki , Takahashi Kazuya , Ikeda Kazutaka , Tomita Tsutomu , Matsuoka Naoki , Matsuishi Kunitaka , Inokuma Tetsuro , Nagano Tohru , Takeo Makoto , Tsuji Takashi
Published: May 2024

Globally, the rapid aging of the population is predicted to become even more severe in the second half of the 21st century. Thus, it is expected to establish a growing expectation for innovative, non-invasive health indicators and diagnostic methods to support disease prevention, care, and health promotion efforts. In this study, we aimed to establish a new health index and disease diagnosis method by analyzing the minerals and free amino acid components contained in hair shaft. We first evaluated the range of these components in healthy humans and then conducted a comparative analysis of these components in subjects with diabetes, hypertension, androgenetic alopecia, major depressive disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, and stroke. In the statistical analysis, we first used a student’s t test to compare the hair components of healthy people and those of patients with various diseases. However, many minerals and free amino acids showed significant differences in all diseases, because the sample size of the healthy group was very large compared to the sample size of the disease group. Therefore, we attempted a comparative analysis based on effect size, which is not affected by differences in sample size. As a result, we were able to narrow down the minerals and free amino acids for all diseases compared to t test analysis. For diabetes, the t test narrowed down the minerals to 15, whereas the effect size measurement narrowed it down to 3 (Cr, Mn, and Hg). For free amino acids, the t test narrowed it down to 15 minerals. By measuring the effect size, we were able to narrow it down to 7 (Gly, His, Lys, Pro, Ser, Thr, and Val). It is also possible to narrow down the minerals and free amino acids in other diseases, and to identify potential health indicators and disease-related components by using effect size.
Cloning and functional verification of the CmHSP17.9 gene from chrysanthemum
Authors: Ling Qin , Zhang Shumei , Li Xin , Tang Beibei , Chen Ai , Zeng Tao , Ma Qiqi , Chen Yijun , Tang Shaokang , Pan Yuanzhi , Liu Qinglin , Jia Yin , Yong Xue , Jiang Beibei
Published: May 2024

Small molecular heat shock proteins (sHSPs) belong to the HSP family of molecular chaperones. Under high-temperature stress, they can prevent the aggregation of irreversible proteins and maintain the folding of denatured proteins to enhance heat resistance. In this study, the CmHSP17.9-1 and CmHSP17.9-2 genes, which were cloned from chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum×morifolium ‘Jinba’) by homologous cloning, had a complete open reading frame of 480 bp each, encoding 159 amino acids. The protein subcellular localization analysis showed that CmHSP17.9-1 and CmHSP17.9-2 were located in the cytoplasm and mostly aggregated in granules, especially around the nucleus. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the relative expression level of the CmHSP17.9-1 and CmHSP17.9-2 genes was highest in the terminal buds of the chrysanthemum, followed by the leaves. CmHSP17.9-1 and CmHSP17.9-2 overex-pression vectors were constructed and used to transform the chrysanthemum; overexpression of these genes led to the chrysanthemum phenotypes being less affected by high-temperature, and the antioxidant capacity was enhanced. The results showed that chrysanthemum with overex-pression of the CmHSP17.9-1 and CmHSP17.9-2 genes had stronger tolerance than the wild type chrysanthemum after high-temperature treatment or some degree of heat exercise, and overex-pression of the CmHSP17.9-1 gene led to stronger heat resistance than that of the CmHSP17.9-2 gene, providing an important theoretical basis for the subsequent molecular breeding and pro-duction applications of chrysanthemum.
Traffic trajectory data analysis technology based on HMM model map matching algorithm
Authors: Sun Mingkang , Li Xiang
Published: May 2024

The rapid growth of traffic trajectory data and the development of positioning technology have driven the demand for its analysis. However, in the current application scenarios, there are some problems such as the deviation between positioning data and real roads and low accuracy of existing trajectory data traffic prediction models. Therefore, a map matching algorithm based on hidden Markov models is proposed in this study. The algorithm starts from the global route, selects K nearest candidate paths, and identifies candidate points through the candidate paths. It uses changes in speed, angle, and other information to generate a state transition matrix that match trajectory points to the actual route. When processing trajectory data in the experiment, K = 5 is selected as the optimal value, the algorithm takes 51 ms and the accuracy is 95.3%. The algorithm performed well in a variety of road conditions, especially in parallel and mixed road sections, with an accuracy rate of more than 96%. Although the time loss of this algorithm is slightly increased compared with the traditional algorithm, its accuracy is stable. Under different road conditions, the accuracy of the algorithm is 98.3%, 97.5%, 94.8% and 96%, respectively. The accuracy of the algorithm based on traditional hidden Markov models is 95.9%, 95.7%, 95.4% and 94.6%, respectively. It can be seen that the accuracy of the algorithm designed has higher precision. The experiment proves that the map matching algorithms based on hidden Markov models is superior to other algorithms in terms of matching accuracy. This study makes the processing of traffic trajectory data more accurate.
Exploring evidence use and capacity for health services management and planning in Swiss health administrations: A mixed-method interview study
Authors: Baumann Aron , Wyss Kaspar
Published: May 2024

Background

Health administrations require evidence, meaning robust information, data, and research, on health services and systems. Little is known about the resources and processes available within administrations to support evidence-informed policymaking. This study assessed Swiss health administrations’ capacity for evidence use and investigated civil servants’ needs and perspectives regarding the role and use of evidence in health services management and planning.

Methods

In this mixed-method study, we interviewed civil servants from Swiss German-speaking cantonal health administrations. We quantitatively assessed administrations’ organization-level capacity by applying six structured interviews using an existing measurement tool (ORACLe). Individual-level needs and perspectives regarding evidence use and capacity were qualitatively explored with twelve in-depth interviews that were analyzed using the framework method.

Findings

Respondents indicated moderate evidence-use capacity in all administrations. Administrations displayed a similar pattern of high and low capacity in specific capacity areas, generally with considerable variation within administrations. Most administrations indicated high capacity for producing or commissioning evidence and close relationships with research. They showed limited capacity in the documentation of processes and availability of tools, programs, or training opportunities. Administrations place the responsibility for engagement with evidence at the level of individual civil servants rather than at the organizational level. Although administrations highly value evidence-informed policymaking and consider it vital to effective health services management and planning, they face significant constraints in accessing evidence-specific resources and receive little organizational support. Administrations rely on external capacity to compensate for these limitations and engage with evidence pragmatically.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate moderate and improvable capacity for evidence use in Swiss health administrations that place limited value on organizational support. Besides strengthening organizational support, leadership buy-in, particular staff needs, and balancing the implementation of specific measures with the provision of more general resources should be considered to unlock the potential of strengthened engagement with evidence.
Does government food demonstration intervention influence household dietary diversity in the Upper West Region of Ghana?
Authors: Pienaah Cornelius K. A. , Saaka Sulemana Ansumah , Yengnone Herwin Ziemeh , Molle Mildred Naamwintome , Luginaah Isaac
Published: May 2024

Dietary diversity is crucial in ensuring food and nutrition security. In low-middle-income countries, people frequently prioritize the quantity of food they consume over its quality due to a lack of availability and financial limitations. As a result, achieving dietary diversity is often overlooked in favor of ensuring adequate caloric intake. Through a social cognitive theory perspective, our study examines the relationship between food demonstrations and household dietary diversity in Ghana’s Upper West Region utilizing cross-sectional survey data from 517 smallholder farmer households. The results from ordered logistic regression presented in odds ratio (OR) show that participating in food demonstrations (OR: 2.585, p<0.01), engaging in home gardening (OR: 1.932, p<0.001), having access to credit (OR: 1.609, p<0.01), self-rated good nutritional status (OR: 1.747, p<0.01), and Waala ethnicity (OR: 3.686, p<0.001) were all positively associated with high household dietary diversity. Conversely, living in the Wa West district was associated with lower dietary diversity (OR: 0.326, p<0.001). Our research findings suggest that policymakers may want to consider implementing community-based educational programs, such as home and school visits for food demonstrations and sensitizations, promoting mother-to-mother support groups for dietary diversity education, nutrition counseling services, and using role-play and local media. In addition, strengthening local agricultural policies through food banks, indigenous seed development, and mobile food markets and enhancing public-private partnerships like the Ghana Schools Feeding Programme and National Food Buffer Stock company could improve the supply chain and distribution networks for diverse food items. Implementing these interventions in the Upper West Region of Ghana could improve health, well-being, food security, and nutritional outcomes.
Extracting the winter wheat using the decision tree based on time series dual-polarization SAR feature and NDVI
Authors: Zhang Huiyang , Wang Zhiyong , Li Zhenjin , Liu Xiaotong , Wang Kai , Sun Shichang , Cheng Silong , Gao Zhenhai
Published: May 2024

Winter wheat is one of the most important crops in the world. It is great significance to obtain the planting area of winter wheat timely and accurately for formulating agricultural policies. Due to the limited resolution of single SAR data and the susceptibility of single optical data to weather conditions, it is difficult to accurately obtain the planting area of winter wheat using only SAR or optical data. To solve the problem of low accuracy of winter wheat extraction only using optical or SAR images, a decision tree classification method combining time series SAR backscattering feature and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) was constructed in this paper. By synergy using of SAR and optical data can compensate for their respective shortcomings. First, winter wheat was distinguished from other vegetation by NDVI at the maturity stage, and then it was extracted by SAR backscattering feature. This approach facilitates the semi-automated extraction of winter wheat. Taking Yucheng City of Shandong Province as study area, 9 Sentinel-1 images and one Sentinel-2 image were taken as the data sources, and the spatial distribution of winter wheat in 2022 was obtained. The results indicate that the overall accuracy (OA) and kappa coefficient (Kappa) of the proposed method are 96.10% and 0.94, respectively. Compared with the supervised classification of multi-temporal composite pseudocolor image and single Sentinel-2 image using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, the OA are improved by 10.69% and 5.66%, respectively. Compared with using only SAR feature for decision tree classification, the producer accuracy (PA) and user accuracy (UA) for extracting the winter wheat are improved by 3.08% and 8.25%, respectively. The method proposed in this paper is rapid and accurate, and provide a new technical method for extracting winter wheat.
Beyond individual responsibility: Exploring lay understandings of the contribution of environments on personal trajectories of obesity
Authors: Serrano-Fuentes Nestor , Rogers Anne , Portillo Mari Carmen
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Reversing the upward trajectory of obesity requires responding by including the multiple influences on weight control. Research has focused on individual behaviours, overlooking the environments where individuals spend their lives and shape lifestyles. Thus, there is a need for lay understandings of the impact of environments as a cause and solution to obesity. This research aimed to understand the influence of environments on the adoption of health practices in adults with obesity and to identify lay strategies with which to address environmental barriers to behaviour change.

Methods

Nineteen adults with a history of obesity living in the United Kingdom were interviewed through video conferencing between May 2020 and March 2021. Semi-structured interviews and socio-demographic questionnaires were used, and data analysed through hermeneutic phenomenology informed reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Three main themes were created: living with convenience and normalcy: the increased accessibility of unhealthy food, people interacting with digital media for positive practice change, and the need to prioritise prevention in schools, the National Health Service and the food industry.

Conclusions

The food environment was the major barrier, while interactions with social media was the most important opportunity to adopt healthy practices. The National Health Service was considered an obesogenic environment, something relevant since it has been traditionally recognised as an obesity management system. The perceptions from individuals with a history of obesity provide new suggestions on the influence of previously overlooked environments to design more adequate and effective interventions and policies that consider, more than in the past, the environments where people spend their lives.
Development and initial testing of a brief, generic self-reported disability questionnaire: The Universal Disability Index
Authors: Evans David William
Published: May 2024

Background

Disability is an important multifaceted construct. A brief, generic self-reported disability questionnaire that promises a broader and more comparable measure of disability than disease-specific instruments does not currently exist. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate such a questionnaire: the Universal Disability Index (UDI).

Methods

An online survey was used to collect general population data. Data were randomly divided into training and validation subsets. The dimensionality and structure of eight UDI questionnaire items were evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA, training subset) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA, validation subset). To assess concurrent validity, the UDI summed score from the full dataset was compared to the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale (GARS) and the Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS) disability scores. Internal consistency and discriminant validity were also assessed. Bootstrapping was used to evaluate model stability and generalisability.

Results

403 participants enrolled; 364 completed at least one UDI item. Three single-factor versions of the UDI were assessed (8-item, 7-item, and 6-item). All versions performed well during EFA and CFA (182 cases assigned to each), but none met the RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) criterion (≤ 0.08). All versions of the UDI had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α > 0.90), were strongly correlated (Pearson’s r > 0.7) with both GARS and GCPS disability scores, indicating concurrent validity, and could accurately discriminate between upper and lower quartiles of these comparators. Confidence intervals of estimates were narrow, suggesting model stability and generalisability.

Conclusions

A brief, generic self-reported disability questionnaire was found to be valid and to possess good psychometric properties. The UDI has a single factor structure and either a 6-item, 7-item or 8-item version can be used to measure disability. For brevity and parsimony, the 6-item UDI is recommended, but further testing of all versions is warranted.
PATENTES DE ORGANISMOS GENÉTICAMENTE MODIFICADOS (OGMs) Y SUSTENTABILIDAD AGRÍCOLA EN ARGENTINA Y EN BRASIL: CONTRIBUCIONES INICIALES
Authors: Gimenez Pereira Marta Carolina , Boff Salete Oro
Published: May 2024

Contextualización del  tema: Las técnicas de ingeniería genética nos permiten aislar cualquier gen de cualquier organismo y transferirlo al genoma de cualquier otro ser vivo, por muy divergente o distante que esté en la escala evolutiva, dando como resultado la producción de organismos genéticamente modificados. Los nuevos procesos que involucran organismos genéticamente modificados - OGMs tienen derecho a la protección de derechos intangibles mediante patentes. En Brasil y Argentina el avance de OGMs se impulsó a partir de mediados de la década de 1990. La concesión de patentes y la liberación de OGM pueden tener impactos positivos, como un ajustado control químico de los males; y negativos, por otro lado, afectando potencialmente los seres vivos y contaminando el espacio ambiental, afectando la diversidad biológica.
Objetivo: hacer un estudio comparado, teórico-normativo, de la protección jurídica por patentes de las invenciones/descubrimientos con objeto de transgénesis agrícola en Brasil y Argentina.
Metodología: la investigación se utilizará esencialmente la metodología cualitativa y se emplearán métodos de las ciencias jurídicas, como o método deductivo.
Resultados: Como un paso adelante, se entiende que, aunque la legislación brasileña y argentina prevea el patentamiento de OGM, la concesión de patentes debe estar asociada a derechos ambientales y de propiedad, – de modo que se garantice la sostenibilidad, protegiendo los intereses económicos y sociales. Para minimizar, prevenir o eliminar los riesgos inherentes a los procesos biotecnológicos, promoviendo la preservación de la integridad del ecosistema, surge la bioseguridad (seguridad de la vida).
OS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS DOS TRABALHADORES NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE: OS FIOS INVISÍVEIS DAS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS NAS RELAÇÕES DE TRABALHO
Authors: Vecchi Ipojucan Demetrius , Garcia Marcos Leite , Sobrinho Liton Lanes Pilau
Published: May 2024

Contextualização: Esta pesquisa investiga o impacto da tecnologia no ambiente de trabalho, abordando uma dualidade crucial. Por um lado, os avanços tecnológicos apresentam-se como veículos potenciais para a emancipação humana das necessidades básicas, promovendo uma visão otimista de progresso e libertação. Por outro lado, surge uma questão crítica: esse potencial emancipatório é genuinamente direcionado à libertação humana ou, na realidade, está intrinsicamente atrelado aos objetivos do sistema capitalista, que visa à maximização do lucro? Este dilema central revela a complexidade das interações entre tecnologia, trabalho e capital, exigindo uma análise cuidadosa das intenções e dos resultados desses avanços tecnológicos.
Objetivo: Investigar e relacionar o fenômeno das novas tecnologias com as relações laborais e os impactos que os avanços tecnológicos geram na vida dos indivíduos e no mundo do trabalho, sendo que estes avanços e a relação de trabalho estão ligados a reprodução do capital. Diante do objetivo geral proposto, indaga-se no artigo que o direito pode limitar esses impactos como a redução dos direitos fundamentais sociais e as desigualdades sociais a nível global pela precarização das condições de trabalho, desemprego estrutural e a constante violação dos direitos humanos. 
Metodologia: A metodologia da pesquisa foi desenvolvida mediante leitura pelo método indutivo. Trata-se de pesquisa básica, exploratória e bibliográfica, estruturada em três fragmentos.
Resultados: Conclui-se que o debate democrático sobre os direitos fundamentais aliado a defesa salário mínimo digno e renda básica universal, poderá garantir um mínimo de dignidade e civilidade para os indivíduos.
Egyetemi hallgatók alkohol- és drogfogyasztása, szabadidő-eltöltési szokásai és jólléte Magyarországon
Authors: Arnold Petra , Elekes Zsuzsanna , Felföldi Tamás , Hajdu Miklós , Horváth Ágoston , Kutrovátz Kitti , Mikó Fruzsina
Published: May 2024

Hazai általános népesség körében készült vizsgálatokból (Paksi et al. 2021) tudjuk, hogy a fiatal felnőtt korosztály jelentősen érintettebb egészségkárosító magatartások szempontjából az idősebb korosztályhoz képest. Számos hazai és nemzetközi kutatás készült, amely az egyetemisták rizikómagatartását vizsgálja és kiemelt figyel- met fordít erre a populációra, azonban kevés olyan kutatás található a szakirodalomban, amely az egyetemisták rizikómagatartását a nem egyetemista populációval veti össze. Hogy az egyetemisták érintettebbek-e az ugyanolyan életkorú nem egyetemista populációhoz képest alkohol- és drogfogyasztás szempontjából, megoszlanak az álláspontok a szakirodalom szerint (Bennett–Holloway 2014). Egyesült Királyságban készült kutatás szerint bizonyos szerekben nincs különbség e két populáció között, bizonyos szerekben pedig jelentősebb eltérés tapasztalható (Bennett–Holloway 2014; Schulenberg et al. 2020). Abban azonban egységes álláspont figyelhető meg a szakértők körében, hogy a szélsőséges alkoholfogyasztás vagy a droghasználat sokkal gyakoribb késő serdülőkorban és fiatal felnőttkorban, mint az életút későbbi szakaszaiban (Kuntsche–Gmel 2013; van den Bos–Blaauw–Bieleman 2022), és az egyetemista populáció körében az egyik leggyakoribb egészségügyi probléma a drogfogyasztás (Schulenberg et al. 2017; Welsh–Shentu–Sarvey 2019).
Resolution of Rectal Bleeding by Day 7 in Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis Is Prognostic for Postdischarge Corticosteroid-Free Clinical Remission and Endoscopic Improvement
Authors: Narula Neeraj , Hamam Hasan , Peerani Farhad , Bessissow Talat , Bressler Brian , Dulai Parambir S.
Published: May 2024

This study assesses 2 different disease activity measures, the Modified Truelove Witts Severity Index and the partial Mayo score, in hospitalized patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis (UC) for prediction of postdischarge corticosteroid-free clinical remission and endoscopic improvement to help guide future considerations for disease activity assessment. In this post hoc analysis from the Tofacitinib for Hospitalized Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis Management (TRIUMPH) trial, these results suggest resolution of the Mayo rectal bleeding subscore may have high prognostic utility and could be considered as a primary end point for hospitalized UC trials. The study underscores the need for further research on patient-reported outcomes and endoscopic indices in larger populations for inpatient UC trials.