bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of interobserver agreement for postoperative pain and sedation assessment in cats
Authors: Benito Javier , Monteiro Beatriz P. , Beauchamp Guy , Lascelles B. Duncan X. , Steagall Paulo V.
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE To evaluate agreement between observers with different training and experience for assessment of postoperative pain and sedation in cats by use of a dynamic and interactive visual analog scale (DIVAS) and for assessment of postoperative pain in the same cats with a multidimensional composite pain scale (MCPS).

DESIGN Randomized, controlled, blinded study.

ANIMALS 45 adult cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

PROCEDURES Cats received 1 of 3 preoperative treatments: bupivacaine, IP; meloxicam, SC with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, IP, (positive control); or saline solution only, IP (negative control). All cats received premedication with buprenorphine prior to general anesthesia. An experienced observer (observer 1; male; native language, Spanish) used scales in English, and an inexperienced observer (observer 2; female; native language, French) used scales in French to assess signs of sedation and pain. Rescue analgesia was administered according to MCPS scoring by observer 1. Mean pain and sedation scores per treatment and time point, proportions of cats in each group with MCPS scores necessitating rescue analgesia, and mean MCPS scores assigned at the time of rescue analgesia were compared between observers. Agreement was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient determination. Percentage disagreement between observers on the need for rescue analgesia was calculated.

RESULTS Interobserver agreements for pain scores were good, and that for sedation scores was fair. On the basis of observer 1's MCPS scores, a greater proportion of cats in the negative control group received rescue analgesia than in the bupivacaine or positive control groups. Scores from observer 2 indicated a greater proportion of cats in the negative control group than in the positive control group required rescue analgesia but identified no significant difference between the negative control and bupivacaine groups for this variable. Overall, disagreement regarding need for rescue analgesia was identified for 22 of 360 (6.1%) paired observations.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Interobserver differences in assessing pain can lead to different conclusions regarding treatment effectiveness.
REVIEW : PROFIL HYBRID MEMBRANE DALAM PROSES REDUKSI AIR LIMBAH
Authors: Kurniawan Ian , Mariadi Pra Dian
Published: August 2017

Frekuensi penggunaan air sangat tinggi seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi dan pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk. Peningkatan standar hidup manusia yang semakin tinggi menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan terkait dengan kualitas air akibat bahan kimia, nutrisi, lindi, tumpahan minyak, pembuangan limbah bahan berbahaya, serta penggunaan bahan dispossable dan non-biodegradable. Perkembangan sumber daya teknologi menghasilkan suatu revolusi sehingga menghasilkan lebih banyak bahan dan senyawa kimia. sejumlah senyawa yang diidentifikasi memiliki ancaman potensial terhadap organisme lingkungan hidup. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi teknik pengolahan air limbah dengan menggabungkan dua sifat membran dalam mereduksi air limbah. Metode yang digunakan adalah review dari beberapa sumber pustaka dengan melakukan studi literatur terdahulu terhadap beberapa penelitian yang pernah dilakukan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian menghasilkan bahwa teknologi membran sebagai salah satu instalasi unit pengolahan limbah perkembangan dan kemajuannya sangat menjanjikan dan banyak dilakukan dalam proses dengan prinsip pemisahan dan pemurnian air. Teknologi membran bisa menjadi solusi dalam pengolahan air limbah, seiring dengan perkembangannya membran dapat dikombinasikan (Hybrid Process) dengan menggunakan berbagai jenis membrane yaitu Ultrafiltrasi, Mikrofiltrasi, Nanofiltrasi dan Reverse Osmosis, akan tetapi harus diperhatikan kondisi operasional dari proses tersebut. Kata kunci: air limbah, hybrid membrane, reduksi
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI NAOH TERHADAP RENDEMEN β-NAFTOL PADA PROSES PEMBUATAN -NAFTOL
Authors: Purnawan Irfan , Sugono Sugono
Published: August 2017

Warna memiliki peran penting dalam memberikan daya tarik terhadap suatu produk, sehingga penggunaan zat pewarna baik yang alami maupun sintesis menjadi kebutuhan yang tidak dapat dihindarkan. β-naphtol merupakan salah satu zat pewarna sintesis yang biasa digunakan sebagai zat pewarna pakaian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari pengaruh konsentrasi Natrium Hidroksida terhadap rendemen β-naphtol. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sulfonasi. Naftalen direaksikan dengan H2SO4 dan dipanaskan hingga suhu 170oC, lalu ditambahkan soda abu dengan mempertahankan suhunya dan didiamkan hingga tercapai suhu ruangan. Kemudian ditambahkan larutan lime dan disaring. Filtrat merupakan kristal sodium naftalena sulfat yang selanjutnya ditambahkan larutan NaOH, dipanaskan hingga suhu 300oC dan didinginkan hingga suhu ruangan. Selanjutnya diencerkan dengan air panas dan diteteskan HCl pekat berlebih, maka akan terbentuk endapan kristal β-naphtol yang dapat ditimbang beratnya. Hasil penelitian didapat konsentrasi NaOH terbaik yaitu 1,25 mol dengan persamaan y = 9,9737X + 81,905 dan R2 = 0,8519. Kesimpulan yang didapat adalah semakin tinggi konsentrasi NaOH, memberikan rendemen β-naphtol yang semakin tinggi juga hingga konsentrasi sebesar 1,25 mol. Namun setelah konsentrasi NaOH dinaikan ke 1,5 mol, rendemen mengalami penurunan. Kata kunci: naphtol, rendemen, pewarna alami, sintesis
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI PELARUT (n-HEKSANA) TERHADAP RENDEMEN HASIL EKSTRAKSI MINYAK BIJI ALPUKAT UNTUK PEMBUATAN KRIM PELEMBAB KULIT
Authors: Utomo Suratmin
Published: August 2017

Salah satu upaya pemanfaatan limbah buah alpukat adalah dengan mengekstraksi minyak yang terkandung dalam bijih alpukat tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan pemanfaatan limbah bijih alpukat sekaligus menjadikan bahan tersebut memiliki nilai ekonmi  mengetahui konsentrasi terbaik/optimum pelarut n-hexana pada proses ekatraksi untuk mendapatkan minyak dari biji alpukat. Bahan penelitian adalah biji alpukat sedang sebagai ekstraktor adalah n-heksana dan metode yang digunakan ekstraksi soklet. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi ekstraktor dan variabel terikat adalah rendemen mimyak yang diperoleh dari bijih alpukat. Penelitian dilakukan pada temperatur 70oC, waktu ekstraksi 4 jam dengan variasi konsentrasi n-heksana: 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100%. Adapun hasil yang peroleh menunjukkan bahwa pada konsentrasi 100% dapat menghasilkan rendemen minyak dari bijih alpukat sebesar 34,63% dan merupakan rendemen terbesar jika dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi  lainnya. Hubungan antara variabel konsentrasi (x) terhadap perolehan rendemen minyak  dinyatakan dengan persamaan  y = -37,88 + 0,664 x dengan R2 = 0,962. Krim yang dibuat dari minyak biji alpukat yang dihasilkan dari hasil analisa telah memenuhi pasar dan  standar SNI yaitu: memperoleh nilai pH 6,52 dan nilai pH di pasaran 7,6 sedangkan standar SNI pH =  4,5 – 8,0; viskositas krim biji alpukat yaitu 25000 cp dan krim  body lotion di pasaran  5300 cp sedangkan standar SNI 2000 – 50000 cp serta untuk kadar air  krim biji alpukat sebesar 77% dan body lotion di pasaran 80% sedangkan standar yaitu 70–90%. Hasil minyak biji alpukat diaplikasikan dalam bentuk sediaan krim tipe o/w.                                                                                                               Kata kunci : ekstraksi, krim, minyak biji alpukat, n-heksana, rendemen
KARAKTERISTIK BUBUR BAYI INSTAN BERBAHAN DASAR TEPUNG GARUT DAN TEPUNG KACANG MERAH
Authors: Tamrin Restiara , Pujilestari Shanti
Published: August 2017

Bayi memerlukan bubur bayi instan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gizinya. Penggunaan tepung garut diperlukan untuk menggantikan karbohidrat dari beras dan penggunaan kacang merah sebagai sumber protein. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik bubur bayi instan dengan formulasi tepung garut dan tepung kacang merah yang terbaik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik bubur bayi instan dipengaruhi oleh formulasi tepung garut dan tepung kacang merah yang berbeda (70:30%, 60:40%, 50:50%, 40:60%, 30:70% (b/b)), yaitu pada kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, kekentalan, daya serap air dan densitas kamba, uji organoleptik pada viskositas bubur bayi instan yang dicairkan, dan pada warna, aroma dan tekstur bubur bayi instan yang tidak dicairkan. Formulasi terbaik adalah tepung garut 70% (b/b) dan 30% (b/b) tepung kacang merah, dengan karakteristik kadar air (6,47% (b/b)), abu (3,71% (b/b)), protein (16,38% (b/b)), lemak (6,62% (b/b)), karbohidrat (66,82% (b/b)), serat pangan (9,64%(b/b)), and calcium (360,49 mg/100 g (b/b)), viscosity (556,67 cp), water absorption (161,49% (v/b)), densitas kamba (0,56 g/ml (b/v)), dan waktu rehidrasi (39,8 s). Karakteristik bubur bayi instan sesuai dengan SNI 01-7111.1-2005 pada lemak, protein dan kalsium, bahkan densitas kamba dan waktu rehidrasi lebih baik dari bubur bayi instan komersil.Kata-kata kunci : bubur bayi instan, karakteristik, tepung garut, tepung kacang merah
Bahasa dan Kekuasaan: Suatu Tinjauan Interaksi Antara Dosen Dan Mahasiswa Sastra Inggris di Dalam Kelas
Authors: Revita Ike
Published: August 2017

Dalam artikel ini dibicarakan tentang hubungna antara bahasa dan kekuasaan yang terefleksi dari interaksi antara mahasiswa dan dosen Jurusan Sastra Inggris Universitas Andalas. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk menggambarkan aspek linguistic dalam hubungannya dengan bahasa dan kekuasaan di kelas. Data merupakan semua tuturan baik dalam bahasa Inggris, Indonesia, atau Minangkabau yang menunjukkan adanya kekuasaan. Untuk menganalisis data digunakan metode padan referesnian dan pragmatic dengan mengaitkan pada konsep yang dikemukakan Mesthrie (2000) dan Revita (2008). Dari hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa ada empat linguistic aspek yang menunjukkan hubungan bahasa dan kekuasaa,n yakni (1) penggunaan pronomina (2) penggunaan sapaan, (3) kelengkapan tuturan, dan (4) penggunaan bahasa kias
Peranan Bahasa Dalam Berkesenian: Pemberdayaan Lirik Lagu sebagai Sarana Pembentukan Karakter Bangsa
Authors: Nuri Nurhaida
Published: August 2017

Language has important role in supporting the activities of art of music.This support can be seen from the lyrics composing the song. Language is used as the media to express the artisticness of the music.The harmonious esthetical lyrics with the rhyme give certain meaning to the music lovers. Without proper lyrics, the music composed will lose their soul, except instrumentalities which have no lyrics. The language in this lyric  is categorized as literary words because it is ambiguous and full of expression. This kind of language may be used for several purposes, like persuading, to unite, to separate, and to provoke. Though the language is guaranteed by poetical license, as the literary work, such language is supposed to fulfill the esthetical aspects reflected in the intrinsic and extrinsic ones. As the lyric composer, a musician is bound the values and the social- ideology in society. No matter how, the lyric composer is part of the society. So, what happens in the society is part of his experience. The Indonesian proficiency as the media to express lyrics in Indonesian popular songs is undoubted. However, the quality is questioned. This worry comes up due to many lyrics-vulgarly expressed impacts negatively to the developing of national character. The success on building the character can be used through the role of Indonesian language, the model, especially the artists and musicians. They are forced to use the distinctive language bearing the character of honesty, politeness, and responsibility.
Wujud Kesantunan Berbahasa Mahasiswa Terhadap Dosen di STAIN Kendari: Kajian Sosiopragmatik
Authors: Gunawan Fahmi
Published: August 2017

This article aims at describing the forms of politeness of the STAIN Kendari's students and their lecturers in interaction. The data are any utterances uttered in campus  by using descriptive-qualitative approach, it is a found that the students use some kinds of modes in implementing politeness. They are declarative and interogative sentence to express the politeness and imperetive for impoliteness. Besides, the use of complete sentence with commonly chronological order is indicating the politeness. The less complete sentence with inverisive order reflects the impoliteness.
FATIS BAHASA MINANGKABAU: LINGUISTIK BANDINGAN
Authors: Afifah Roza
Published: August 2017

Fatis merupakan salah satu kajian baru da/am teori bahasa "Indonesia. Hal itu dibuktikan masih kurangnya teori yang mengkaji fatis. Fatis tidak hanya terdapat dalam bahasa Indonesia, tetapijuga dimiliki o/eh bahasa daerah. Sa/ah satu bahasa daerah itu adalah bahasa Minangkabau. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana fatis bahasa Minangkabau jika" "· dipadankan dengan fatis bahasa Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan ada/ah kualitatif dengan teknik rekam dan catat. Data dipero/eh melalui lisan dan tu/is dalam bahasa Minangkabau. Hasil penelitia11 menunjukkan bahwafatis bahasa Minangkabau memiliki padanan denganfatis bahasa Indonesia. Fatis do menjadi deh, ko menjadi sih, e menjadi yah, kan, dan dong, mah menjadi deh, a menjadi ah, dan ndeh.
Telaahan Pengembangan Bandar Udara Baru di Pantai Pakis Jaya Karawang Sebagai Reliever Bagi Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta
Authors: Nurhayati Yati , Susanti Susanti , Mora Minda , Yusmar Tito
Published: August 2017

Bandar Udara Soekarno Hatta Jakarta merupakan Bandar Udara terbesar dan tersibuk di Indonesia. Selama 15 tahun ke depan, pergerakan penumpang di Bandar Udara Soekarno Hatta diperkirakan akan mencapai 70 – 100 juta penumpang/tahun. Dengan adanya kondisi tersebut, dibutuhkan bandar udara baru di wilayah metropolitan DKI untuk mengakomodasi lonjakan pertumbuhan transportasi udara. Pada kajian ini dilakukan telaahan kelayakan lokasi Pantai Pakis Jaya sebagai lokasi bandar udara baru. Telaahan ini dilakukan berdasarkan 8 kriteria, yaitu ruang udara, keselamatan, aksessibilitas dan infrastruktur, lahan, kondisi alam, obstacle, biaya serta dampak sosial dan lingkungan. Berdasarkan analisis lahan dan obstacle, area Pantai Pakis Jaya Karawang layak dijadikan sebagai lokasi bandar udara baru karena tidak membutuhkan pembebasan lahan tidak terdapat obstacle yang menghalangi pesawat udara untuk melakukan pendaratan dan lepas landas. Namun, apabila ditinjau dari sisi ruang udara, keselamatan, aksessibilitas dan infrastruktur, kondisi alam, biaya serta dampak sosial dan lingkungan, Pantai Pakis Jaya ini kurang layak untuk dijadikan lokasi bandar udara baru.

[New Airport Development Analysis in Pantai Pakis Jaya Karawang as a Reliever for Soekarno -Hatta International Airport] Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta International Airport is the biggest and the busiest airport in Indonesia. It is forecasted that passengers movement in this airport will reach 70 – 100 million passenger/year for the next 15 years. Seeing the condition of this airport as a concern, new airport in the area around DKI Jakarta is required to accomodate the surge of air transportation growth that Soekarno-Hatta itself already in overcapacity state. One of possible area to be set for the new airport development namely Pantai Pakis Jaya Karawang is analyzed in this study. The analysis was conducted based on 8 criteria; airspace, safety, accessibility and infrastructure, land, natural condition, obstacle, cost, social and environmental impact. The results of land and obstacle analysis indicate that Pantai Pakis Jaya Karawang is feasible as the new airport location due to it does not require land acqusition and there are no obstacles that can block the aircraft movement. However, the analysis results for airspace, safety, accessibility and infrastructure, natural condition, cost, and social and environmental impact show that Pantai Pakis Jaya Karawang is less feasible as the location for the new airport.
Tingkat Kepuasan Penumpang Terhadap Layanan Maskapai Penerbangan PT. Lion Air Rute Mamuju – Jakarta
Authors: Mardoko Arman
Published: August 2017

Perusahaan angkutan udara sebagai operator bertugas untuk memberikan pelayanan yang optimal kepada masyarakat sebagai pengguna jasa angkutan udara. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis tingkat kepuasan (persepsi) dan kepentingan pengguna jasa angkutan udara terhadap pelayanan perusahaan angkutan udara yang melayani rute Mamuju–Jakarta di Bandar Udara Tampa Padang–Mamuju. Analisis yang digunakan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil dari perhitungan CSI untuk PT. Lion Air/Wings Air menunjukkan nilai sebesar 68,10% dengan kriteria buruk. Pelayanan kepada pengguna jasa angkutan udara yang harus mendapat perbaikan adalah tanggapan pihak perusahaan atas kompensasi apabila terjadi delay (15 menit, 30 menit dan 60 menit) dan/atau pembatalan keberangkatan oleh perusahaan angkutan udara, kecepatan pengambilan bagasi, dan perhatian perusahaan angkutan udara pada penerbangan transit/ transfer.[Satisfaction Level of Passengers Towards Indonesian Airlines on Mamuju–Jakarta Route] Airlines as the operator of air transportation are in charge in providing services to the people as the user of air transportation. The purpose of this study is to measure the level of satisfaction (perception) and the interests of the passenger on Mamuju – Jakarta route. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in this study. The result of CSI calculation for PT. Lion Air/Wings Air is 68,10 %, which is classified as poor criteria. Airline services that have to be improved are the response of the airline over compensation if delay occurred (15 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 minutes) and/or the flight departure get cancelled, speed of baggage claim, and the attention of the airline for transit/transfer flight.
Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan Terminal Kargo Bandara Dengan Jaringan Probabilistik
Authors: Anwar Fadrinsyah
Published: August 2017

Pengukuran kualitas pelayanan di bandara dapat memberikan banyak masukan penting bagi manajemen bandara terutama dalam menentukan strategi pengelolaan bandara yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan kausal faktor-faktor yang diasumsikan dapat mempengaruhi proses pelayanan di terminal kargo. Model hubungan kausal dibangun berdasarkan persepsi kepuasan pengguna jasa terhadap kinerja fasilitas, kinerja Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM), dan kinerja pelayanan di terminal kargo bandara. Pengembangan model hubungan kausal menggunakan metode jaringan probabilistik. Hasil analisis pada kasus terminal kargo Bandara Juanda - Surabaya menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kinerja fasilitas dan kinerja SDM dapat meningkatkan kinerja pelayanan di terminal kargo. Adapun faktor-faktor penting yang mempengaruhi peningkatan kinerja PELAYANAN adalah fasilitas penyimpanan barang, kelengkapan atau ketersediaan peralatan penanganan barang di apron, dan keterampilan kerja dan pengetahuan petugas terminal kargo.

[Quality Analysis of Cargo Terminal Services Using Probabilistic Networks] Service quality measurement at the airport can give a lot of essential input for the airport management, especially in determining the appropriate airport management strategy. This study aims to assess the causal relationship of several factors that are assumed may affect the service process at the cargo terminal. The causal relationship model is built on the perception of the service user satisfaction on the performance of the facilities, the performance of Human Resources (HR), and the performance of services at the airport cargo terminal. Thedevelopment of causal relationship model using probabilistic networks. The analysis results on the case of cargo terminal of Juanda Airport in Surabaya show that the performance improvement of facilities and HR can improve the performance of services in the cargo terminal. Furthermore, the important factors that affect the performance improvement of SERVICES arethe storage facilities, the availability of handling equipment in apron, and the skill and knowledge of the officer in the cargo terminal.
Multiple Unit Asymmetric Membrane Capsule: A Means for Delivery of Highly Water Soluble Drug
Authors: Singh Harmeet , Philip Anil , Pathak Kamla
Published: August 2017

A multiple unit, non-disintegrating asymmetric polymeric capsular system was used to deliver highly water-soluble drug in a controlled manner. A highly water-soluble drug, metformin hydrochloride (MHCl), was selected as a model drug to demonstrate how the controlled release could be generated in vitro by changes in the core as well as the coating formulation. Formation of asymmetric capsule wall membrane involved wet phase inversion process, in which the asymmetric membrane (AM) was precipitated on glass mold pins by dipping the mold pins into a coating solution containing the good and bad solvents for the polymer followed by quenching in an aqueous quench bath. The study optimized by 23 factorial design evaluates the influence of coating formulation namely concentration of ethylcellulose and pore former (glycerol) and core component namely controlled release potassium chloride crystals. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed the presence of outer dense non porous region and inner, thick, porous region for the prepared AM. Statistical test were applied at P > 0.05 on all the formulations undergoing in vitro release studies. Results showed the solubility of MHCl to have been modulated (reduced) over an extended period of time with pH independent, and osmotic pressure dependant drug release. The release kinetics was found to be zero order.
Magnetized carrier as novel drug delivery system
Authors: Akhtar Jawed , Chaturvedi Rajeev , Sharma Jyoti , Mittal Deepak , Pardhan Pankaj
Published: August 2017

The aim of the present study was to determine the nutritional value of Phalaris minor seeds in comparison to conventional cereal grains. P. minor seeds had higher ether extract (6.3%), total ash (7.5%), acid insoluble ash (AIA, 4.5%), acid detergent fibre (ADF, 10.2%), cellulose (5.5%), acid detergent lignin (ADL, 2.0%), neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP, 4.0%) and acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP, 2.7%) content in comparison to conventional cereal grains. The crude protein of P. minor seeds (12.3%) was similar to that of wheat (12.0%), but higher than other conventional cereal grains including maize (9.0%). The amino acid composition of P. minor seeds was more or less similar to conventional cereal grains. P. minor seeds had a superior mineral profile (Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) than conventional cereal grains. In vitro evaluation revealed that net gas production was lowest (P less than 0.05) in P. minor seeds (216.37 L/kg DM/24 h). The methane production (L/kg DM/24 h)from P. minor seeds (43.03)was lower (P less than 0.05) than that from wheat (54.33) and barley (57.35). The organic matter digestibility of P. minor seeds (83.27%) was similar to that of barley (81.69%).It was concluded that P. minor seeds could be considered as potential source of nutrients for livestock.
Formulation and Evaluation of Carbopol Gel Containing Liposomes of Ketoconazole. (Part-II)
Authors: Patel Rakesh , Patel Hardik , Baria Ashok
Published: August 2017

The aim of this work was to prepare and evaluate the topical carbopol gel formulation containing ketoconazole encapsulated liposomes. Ketoconazole loaded liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration technique. The prepared liposomes were incorporated into 1% carbopol gel, and the systems were evaluated for in-vitro drug release, drug retention into skin and in-vitro antifungal activity. The in-vitro permeation of ketoconazole using wistar albino rat skin from liposomal gel was compared with that of plain drug gel and also with plain drug cream containing 2% w/w of ketoconazole. The release of ketoconazole from liposomal gel was much slower than from non liposomal formulations. Gel containing liposomal ketoconazole showed maximum antifungal activity after 30 hours over plain ketoconazole gel and cream formulations.
Formulation and Evaluation of Microbially- triggered tablets of Valdecoxib
Authors: Verma Surender , Singh S. , Mishra D. , Gupta Atul , Sharma Rakesh
Published: August 2017

The objective of present study was to develop colon targeted drug delivery using bacterially triggered approach through oral route. Valdecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) was chosen as a model drug in order to target it to colon which may prove useful in inflammatory bowel disease and related disorders. Matrix tablets of Valdecoxib were prepared by wet granulation technique utilizing different ratio of Guar gum and Sodium starch glycholate. The prepared matrix tablets were evaluated for uniformity of weight, uniformity of content, hardness and in vitro dissolution study in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid (Phosphate Buffer pH-1.2, pH-6.8 and pH-7.4), followed by Dissolution study in bio-relevant dissolution media Phosphate Buffer (pH-6.8) containing rat caecal content. The results revealed that the formulated batch had released lesser quantity of drug at pH 1.2 and pH 7.4 in 2 hors whereas in biorelevent dissolution media containing rat caecal content it released significantly higher amount of drug which was also significantly higher than the dissolution media of same pH without caecal content (microflora) and it was concluded that guar gum can be used as a potential carrier for targeting drugs to colon.
Use of Microporous Accurel MP1000 for Duodenal Delivery of Secnidazole: A High Dose, Gastric pH Unstable Drug
Authors: Singh Amit , Pathak Deepa , Pathak Kamla
Published: August 2017

Secnidazole, a high dose antiprotozoal agent unstable at gastric pH was used as a model compound for deposition onto the adsorbent carriers by two methods namely solvent deposition and physical mixing for duodenal delivery. The drug/adsorbent systems were evaluated for pharmacotechnical properties and characterized by FT-IR, DSC, XRD, SEM and in vitro dissolution testing to investigate the influence of carriers and methods of preparation on in vitro drug release. The solvent deposited secnidazole adsorbates (F4-F6) with high drug loading capacity and better control on dissolution at all time points were subjected to modified release by encapsulating in formaldehyde treated PVP K40 coated capsules. The optimized formulation was able to maintain zero order release with a maximum release of 95.91% at the end of 8 h in contrast to marketed formulation that gave a burst release of 67.89% within 2.5 hours followed by a non zero order release of 87.89% at the end of fifth hour. Thus a formulation of secnidazole accurel adsorbates could be developed that when suitably designed provided controlled duodenal delivery.
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Disintigrating Meloxicam Tablets and Its Comparison with Marketed Product
Authors: Kulkarni Suresh , P. Ranjit , Patel Nikunj , B. Someshwara , B. Ramesh , P. Ashok
Published: August 2017

The present investigation deals with the formulation of fast disintegrating tablets of Meloxicam that disintegrate in the oral cavity upon contact with saliva and there by improve therapeutic efficacy. Meloxicam is a newer selective COX-1 inhibitor. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation procedure. The influence of superdisintegrants, crosspovidone, croscaremellose sodium on disintegration time, wetting time and water absorption ratio were studied. Tablets were evaluated for weight and thickness variation, disintegration time, drug content, in vitro dissolution, wetting time and water absorption ratio. The in vitro disintegration time of the best fast disintegrating tablets was found to be 18 sec. Tablets containing crospovidone exhibit quick disintegration time than tablets containing croscaremellose sodium. The fast disintegrating tablets of Meloxicam with shorter disintegration time, acceptable taste and sufficient hardness could be prepared using crospovidone and other excipients at optimum concentration.
Practical Approaches for Taste Masking of Bitter Drug: A Review
Authors: K. Gupta , S. Madaan , M. Dalal , A. Kumar , N. Mishra , K. Singh , S. Verma
Published: August 2017

Taste is most important organoleptic aspects about the acceptance of oral drugs. Bitter and unpalatable taste is a major
problem of certain drugs in formulations. In market, there are numbers of pharmaceutical preparations available in which actives
are bitter in taste. The improved palatability in these products has prompted the development of numerous formulations, which
improved performance and acceptability. The bitterness of preparation also leads to patient incompliance. So masking of bitterness
becomes essential and done by masking the bitter taste of drugs by either decreasing its oral solubility on ingestion or decreasing
the amount of drug particles exposed to taste buds thereby reducing the perception of bitter taste. Methods commonly used for
taste masking involves various physical and chemical method that prevent the interaction of taste bud with drugs and are based on
coatings, solid dispersion system and ion exchange resin, entrapment method and masking of taste buds etc. Taste masking of
bitter drugs become necessity in case of oral administration and selection of technology depends upon the bitterness of drugs and
their compatibility with taste masking agents that does not affect the bioavailability of drug
Typologies of Institutional Communication
Authors: IOSIF Gabriela
Published: August 2017

From the point of view of Durkheim, institutions are ways of acting, feeling and thinking, expressing any social act. Institutions have stringent action on the individual, have its own existence, independent of individual manifestations, which are distinctive for a given group, being accepted by all members. Types of social institutions are economic institutions, educational, political, cultural and family. Within institutions, communication is an inherent phenomenon.For Katz and Kahn "communication is a social process of great relevance to the functioning of each group, organization or society," the very essence of the social system or organization. The organizational structure provides stability for human communication and facilitates administrative tasks. (Rogers Everett M. and Agarwala-Rogers Rekha, 1976, p. 6). Therefore, an effective institutional communication adds value to any institution.
The strategic marketing planning – General Framework for Customer Segmentation
Authors: OPRESCU Alina Elena
Published: August 2017

Any approach that involves the use of strategic resources of an organisation requires a responsible approach, a behaviour that enables it to properly integrate itself into the dynamic of the business environment. This articles addresses in a synthetic manner, the issues of specific integration efforts for customers’ segmentation in the strategic marketing planning. The essential activity for any organisation wishing to optimise its response to the market, the customer segmentation will fully benefit from the framework provided by the strategic marketing planning. Being a sequential process, it not only allows time optimisation of the entire marketing activity but it also leads to accuracy of the strategic planning and its stages.
Book review: Bogdan Murgescu, The Romanian Countries between the Ottoman Empire and Christian Europe
Authors: GHIORGHIŢĂ Eugen
Published: August 2017

The works of Professor Bogdan Murgescu cover more than five centuries of economic, political and cultural history, of a wide geographical area, from the Atlantic to the Eastern borders of the former Ottoman Empire. .....
Book presentation: New book on evolution of media: “Human as media. The emancipation of authorship”
Authors: COSTEA Carmen
Published: August 2017

Over 6,000 years of literary civilisation, there have been perhaps 300 million authors: people capable of communicating their opinion beyond their own physical circles. Now, thanks to the Internet, in the historical blink of an eye, the number of authors has reached two billion people.
Few aspects regarding bribery as a social and economic threat
Authors: MĂGUREANU Alexandru Florin
Published: August 2017

It is a well-known fact that the so called “white collar crimes” now implies a wide variety of offenses (including bribery) that can affect the lives of more individuals than the “classic” crimes. An analysis of corruption necessarily implies an interdisciplinary approach, as it has multiple facets: social, political, economic and juridical. The New Criminal Code of Romania (NCC) has brought a series of important changes, compared to the previous regulation. All forms of corruption involve an abusive use of power (public or private), for a personal gain, occurring regardless of the form of government or historical period.
The link between active aging and retirement age
Authors: PAŞNICU Mihai Robert
Published: August 2017

The paper aims to shed light on the policies and consequences of the current retirement age in Romania. The retirement age has been repeatedly incremented in Romania in the last couple of years in order to try to compensate for the fact that the country has a low general employment rate, only 30% of the population, while having 20% of the total population aged 65+. By using an econometric model we will first prove the existence of an optimal retirement age that might vary for each and every one of us, after which we will explore different possibilities of exploiting this information in order to improve the current retirement programs. Mainly, we will look at the possible solution of eliminating the mandatory retirement age in certain work sectors through a comparison analysis.
THE ROLE OF CHANCES EQUALITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION IN TERMS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: GÂRDAN Iuliana Petronela , GÂRDAN Daniel Adrian
Published: August 2017

The article deals with the issue of equality of chances, seen from the perspective of the importance that it may have in relation to social inclusion of individuals and economic development at the level of national economy. Social integration of both women and men is a natural goal, specific to the current level of economic, social and cultural development for most countries. The active promotion of equality of chances not only at the level of legislative initiatives but also in the space of social and entrepreneurial initiatives is the most effective solution to provide a favourable framework for the development of the contemporary society. The article reviews the concepts addressed, the legislation in Romania on equality of chances, and discusses the complex relationship that exists between sustainable economic development and the promotion of equality of chances on a large scale at the level of a national economy.
Critical analysis of IAS 2 „Stocks”, version of 2005
Authors: UNTARU Mircea
Published: August 2017

This research paper aims to achieving a comparative analysis of the two versions of IAS 2 „Stocks” (variants of 1993 and 2005). The research is part of a larger study regarding the accounting processes carried out for the acknowledgement and assessment of the company stock, and the purpose of the study is to develop a new framework methodology for the acknowledgement and assessment of stocks. The research is based on a series of work hypotheses: (I1) IAS 2 variant of 1993 needs to be reviewed according to the regulations and normatives in force; (I2) the necessity to review IAS variant of 1993 derives from the critics raised by the regulating authorities for stock and shares, by the professional accountants and by other interested parties, with regard to the reduction or elimination of alternatives, redundancies and conflicts from standards, and the solving of convergence issues; (I3) the 2005 variant of IAS 2 is the result of a limited reviewing of the 1993 variant of IAS 2, and needs to be further modified.
Book review: Francesco Pastore, The Youth Experience Gap. Explaining National Differences in the School-to-work Transition
Authors: PAŞNICU Daniela
Published: August 2017

Francesco Pastore is qualified as full professor of Economic Policy.  Currently, he is Assistant Professor of Economics at Seconda Universita di Napoli. He is also secretary of the Italian Association of Labor Economics (AIEL) and a member of the executive board of the Italian Association of Comparative Economic Studies (AISSEC). His main research interests are in labor and education economics. He is also interested in development and transition economics. He has contributed extensively in several such fields as regional unemployment differentials, school-to-work transitions, labor market dynamics, gender discrimination, human capital investment, public employment services and passive as well as active labor market policy, labor market consequences of international trade and nonprofit organization.
The transposition of the balance sheet to financial and functional balance sheet. Research and development
Authors: GĂDĂU Liana
Published: August 2017

As the title suggests, through this paper we want to highlight the necessity of treating again the content and the form of the balance sheet in order to adapt it to a more efficient analysis, this way surpassing the informational valences of the classic balance sheet.The functional and the financial balance sheet will be taken into account. These models of balance sheet permit the complex analyses regarding the solvability or the bankruptcy risk of an enterprise to take place, and also other analyses, like the analysis of the structure and the financial/ functional equilibrium, the analysis of the company on operating cycles and their role in the functioning of the company. Through the particularities offered by each of these two models of balance sheet, we want to present the advantages of a superior informing. This content of this material is based on a vast investigation of the specialized literature.
UNIVERSAL MAN: The Seven Lives of John Maynard Keynes
Authors: Uta Criatian
Published: August 2017

John Maynard Keynes was one of the most influential personalities of the twentieth century. It is considered one of the creators of what today we call Macroeconomics. He played an important role during the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, after which were put up substantial postwar financial institutions such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. The economic policy measures he proposed prevailed in the first decades after World War II and saw a revival in recent years due to the financial crisis of 2008-2009. His works on economics have seen many editions and have been translated into most languages.
The Process Of Advocacy In Romanian Public Policy
Authors: Gurgu Elena , ZORZOLIU Raluca Ileana
Published: August 2017

Influencing public policy in favor of interest groups can be achieved through advocacy associations legally constituted whose mission is to: promovate professional excellence in the application of advanced practices of advocacy, strengthen civil society participation in development of public policies and continuously develop policies to private firms.. Through advocacy associations can uphold and enforce the values of entrepreneurship and free enterprise. Any resource used in advocacy efforts associations should generate added value and impact, contribute to the progress, development and improved quality of life. Advocacy associations must primarily promotes technical and professional skills of advocacy for any civil society interested group with honesty, dignity, mutual respect, transparency and social responsibility in order to strengthen the system of participatory democracy to which they are signatories.
Towards 2030 and more: Designing a sustainable Future
Authors: Costea Carmen , Mihoreanu Larisa , Stefanescu Alexandru , Vasile Adrian
Published: August 2017

Global development is not only a strategy, a practice, or a process. It is also a perception linked to mental constructs and desiderates a place to reinvent living and doing business. No matter the topic of it – social, economic, environmental, the single approach will never be enough.Changes in global development issue aggressive challenges of competition and uncertainty for market, society and individuals at a local level which impact more widely than expected described by complex systems science as the “butterfly flapping” effect influencing development in all its dimensions. The change comes along with opportunities, risks and challenges, which influence both life and work.In the present paper, we combat the myth of “no choice” policy and sustain the recovery of the fundamental values by exploring new approaches to the relationship between governments, markets, society and environment.
INTERNATIONALIZATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND GOVERNMENT’S INVOLVEMENT IN THE MARKET ECONOMY
Authors: ŢÂU Nicolae
Published: August 2017

Expanding economic relations and creating an international business environment, international business and the internationalization of the commercial transactions across national borders have become a prerequisite for companies, regardless of the activity they carry. Thus, internationalization is seen as a set of strategic methods, techniques and tools necessary to the companies to function abroad. As the effects of – fiscal and monetary – policies on the global demand and supply are unpredictable in time and space, it appears the requirement to substantiate, develop and put into practice a stabilizing strategy. Besides the indexes showing the evolution of the demand and supply, the market can offer economic agents other analysis and decision parameters as well, such as: economic and financial instruments for influencing the behaviour of the business environment.Obviously, the results depend also on how the authorities (legislative and executive, central and local) work for a friendly business environment. There are two mechanisms that can be used for this purpose: fiscal policy (measures to enhance or reduce taxes, dues and public spending) initiated by the Government and approved by Parliament; monetary policy (setting the interest rate and the money supply, respectively of the money stock for a specified period of time) emitted and monitored (supervised) by the National Bank.
ELECTORAL POPULISM VERSUS ECONOMIC STABILITY
Authors: Mihai Ilie
Published: August 2017

It is well known that in election years, political parties compete in measures and promises that are more or less extravagant, designed to attract votes from voters.The situation is understandable to a certain extent, this practice being common in other countries as well, important being not to "jump the horse" as unfortunately happens in Romania, where in four years the politicians, in their desire to obtain a mandate in local or parliamentary elections, replete with all kinds of promises, without regard to the impact that their application might have on the stability of the overall economy.As the electoral legislation has become more stringent, attracting voters by giving them attentions and gifts (buckets, packages of food with sugar, oil, etc., or gourmet) was forbidden and election promises have climbed the first rung of the strategy of attracting voters.On the other hand, the old local and central political structures at the end of their mandate try, for the last hundred meters, to adopt populist, hoping both to renew mandates and to solve personal interests relating to special pensions bonuses and all sorts of pecuniary advantages, according to the principle "after us the deluge".
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AT THE ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL
Authors: Terracciano Nicola
Published: August 2017

Performance management is „a strategic and integrated approach to delivering sustained succes to organizations, by improving the performance of the people who working in them, and by developing the capabilities of teams and individual contributions” [1]. At the same time, it is a systematic approach of the human resource management, in general, and of the performance assessment, in particular, using goals, performance, appreciation and feedback as a means of motivating the employees to understand and to fully exploit their creative potential to achieve the organizational goals. [1] Armstrong M. and  Baron D., Relating Competencies to Pay: The UK Experience, Compensation and Benefits Review, May-June, 1998, pp. 28 – 39;
CHALLENGES IN ASSESSING PROCESS – MORAL AND PROFESSIONAL VALUES FROM ACQUISITION TO APPLICATION
Authors: Tascovici Daliana , DRAGOMIR Robert Gabriel
Published: August 2017

The present paper aims at presenting the actual situation as concern the values the students are taught about during their university courses on one hand and the necessity of the labour market on the other hand. At first, we referred to the values within the European dimension of education, as they were established by the European Commission for every state. Here we made special reference to the plan of the educational contents, as it has to contain elements of proximity and coincidence. Secondly, we talked about the new paradigms met with the educational policies. Here we stress the importance not only of knowledge, but also of competences and values the students will achieve. In order to fulfil this task, the usage of the TIC and of the educational resources opened for every type of educational contexts should be intensified. Here we also mentioned the series of activities which help the learning of the common language for a European citizenship and the defining of the new educations, adapted to the dimension of education, the European Commission and the Council of Europe propose. The next treated aspect was to establish the defining of the problem mentioned at the beginning. Here we reach the following objectives: to describe the nature of the problem, to establish the scale of the problem, to identify the affected categories, to establish the causes of the problem, to argue the need for intervention, to estimate the risks and the uncertainty of the problem discussed and also to present the healing activities. In order to get real information, we used the following methods: questionnaires (were disseminated to two different categories of respondents: students who want to get a job on one hand and employers on the other hand) and observations. The activities supposed data collecting, processing, analyzing and interpretation. In the end we draw the conclusions.
Discovery of "Nobody", a Microprotein, Versus Human Genome Project
Authors: Singh Arambam Giridhari
Published: August 2017

Not available.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017). Page: I-II
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, A single Surgeon experience at Teaching Hospital Biratnagar, Nepal
Authors: Koirala Ashok , Thakur Dipendra , Agrawal Sunit , Pathak Kamal Raj , Bhattarai Manoj , Sharma Abhilasha
Published: August 2017

Background :Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is a treatment of choice for symptomatic gall stone disease and is commonly done all over the country in general surgical practice. The aim of this study is to show the results of LC in our medical college.Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis of the patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy from July 2015 to September 2016 was carried out in NMCTH, Biratnagar. A total of 391 patients admitted through OPD of our Hospital underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were studied. All age groups and both sex were included.Results: Out of 391 patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis, 385(98.46%) patients underwent successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Age range of patients in the study varied between 12-84 years and maximum patients (30.69%) were found in the age group of 31-40 years. There were 333(82.58%) female and 58(17.41%)male patients. Mean age of the patients was 39.61 years. Indication for surgery was symptomatic cholelithiasis. Conversion was done in 6(1.53%) cases due to unclear anatomy. A rare congenital anomaly, Accessory right hepatic duct with cystic duct continuous with it was encountered in 12-yearboy; LC was done safely without injuring biliary tree. As postoperative complications, one patient developed biliary peritonitis which was managed by drainage tube.Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is successfully being done for last 5 years in our institute. The results are comparable with those of published series. Anatomical variations and complications may present, for which care must be taken. Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), page: 1-5