bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cutting Edge: Nqo1 Regulates Irritant Contact Hypersensitivity against Croton Oil through Maintenance of Dendritic Epidermal T Cells
Authors: Kitajima Masayuki , Kimura Akihiro , Suzuki Harumi
Published: January 2018

Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is associated with local release of inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen species and regulated by various antioxidative enzymes and antioxidants. Although Nqo1 is involved in antioxidative reactions and detoxification, its role in ICD remains unknown. Nqo1-deficient mice exhibited augmented ear swelling accompanied by neutrophil infiltration in the croton oil–induced mouse ICD model. In the skin of Nqo1-deficient mice, Vγ5Vδ1+ dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs), which are known to suppress ICD, were severely reduced. As the transfer of DETCs into Nqo1-deficient mice reversed an increased ICD response, loss of DETCs could account for the increased ICD. DETCs from Nqo1-deficient mice were sensitive to oxidative stress–induced cell death in vitro, and antioxidant NAC treatment in the ears of these mice rescued the number of DETCs and produced a normal ICD response. Taken together, the current results demonstrate that antioxidative enzyme Nqo1 regulates ICD through DETC maintenance.
Prevalence and variability of use of home mechanical ventilators, positive airway pressure and oxygen devices in the Lombardy region, Italy
Authors: Vitacca Michele , Barbano Luca , Colombo Daniele , Leoni Olivia , Guffanti Enrico
Published: January 2018

Few studies have analyzed the prevalence and accessibility of home mechanical ventilation (HMV) in Italy. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and prescription variability of HMV as well as of long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), in the Lombardy Region. Prescribing rates of HMV (both noninvasive and tracheostomies), CPAP (auto-CPAP, CPAP/other sleep machines) and LTOT (liquid-O2, O2-gas, concentrators) in the 15 Local Healthcare districts of Lombardy were gathered from billing data for 2012 and compared. Crude rates (per 100,000 population) and rates for the different healthcare districts were calculated. In 2012, 6325 patients were on HMV (crude prescription rate: 63/100,000) with a high variation across districts (8/100,000 in Milano 1 vs 150/100,000 in Pavia). There were 14,237 patients on CPAP (crude prescription rate: 142/100,000; CPAP/other sleep machines 95.3% vs auto-CPAP 4.7%) with also high intra-regional variation (56/100,000 in Mantova vs. 260/100,000 in Pavia). There were 21,826 patients on LTOT (prescription rate: 217/100,000 rate; liquid-O2 94%, O2-gas 2.08%, O2-concentrators 3.8%), with again high intra-regional variation (100/100,000 in Bergamo vs 410/100,000 in Valle Camonica). The crude rate of HMV prescriptions in Lombardy is very high, with a high intra-regional variability in prescribing HMV, LTOT and CPAP which is partly explainable by the accessibility to specialist centers with HMV/sleep-study facilities. Analysis of administrative data and variability mapping can help identify areas of reduced access for an improved standardization of services. An audit among Health Payer and prescribers to interpret the described huge variability could be welcomed.
Successful non-surgical management of pleuroparenchymal fistula following cervical intraspinal empyema
Authors: Ull Christopher , Aach Mirko , Reichert Josef , Schildhauer Thomas Armin , Swol Justyna
Published: January 2018

Pulmonary infections are life-threatening complications in patients with spinal cord injuries. In particular, paraplegic patients are at risk if they are ventilator-dependent. This case history refers to a spinal cord injury with a complete sensorimotor tetraplegia below C2 caused by a septic scattering of an intraspinal empyema at C2-C5 and T3-T4. A right-sided purulent pneumonia led to a complex lung infection with the formation of a pleuroparenchymal fistula. The manuscript describes successful, considerate, non-surgical management with shortterm separate lung ventilation. Treatment aimed to achieve the best possible result without additional harm. A variety of surgical and conservative strategies for the treatment of pleuroparenchymal fistula (PPF) have been described with different degrees of success. We detail the non-surgical management of a persistent PPF with temporary separate lung ventilation (SLV) via a double-lumen tube (DLT) in combination with talc pleurodesis as an approach in patients who are unable to undergo surgical treatment.
Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Chauhan Anubhav , Gupta Lalit , Chauhan Shveta
Published: January 2018

Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) is a benign reactive inflammatory reaction of the epithelial cells to various conditions. It is a diagnostic dilemma which simulates malignancy, especially squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Many articles of PEH involving the oral mucosa are available on the internet, but ocular involvement is infrequent. The ocular lesion in our case resembled SCC but turned out to be PEH. We report a rare case of PEH in a 20-year-old male.
CDX2 Expression in Gastric Carcinoma: A Clinicopathological Study
Authors: Halder Aniket , Kundu Mousumi , Das Ram Narayan , Chatterjee Uttara , Datta Chhanda , Choudhuri Manoj Kr , Chatterjee Bitan
Published: January 2018

Background: Gastric cancer accounts for 7.8% of cancers worldwide and adenocarcinoma is the commonest histological type. Both gastric and intestinal phenotypic cell markers are expressed in gastric carcinomas. CDX2 is an intestinal transcription factor, which can be demonstrated in intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinomas of the intestinal type. Unlike colorectal carcinomas, the role of CDX2 in gastric carcinomas as a prognostic variable is yet to be established. Ki-67 is a transcription factor expressed in the growth and synthetic phases of the cell cycle. Aims and Objectives: The aims of the study were to analyze CDX2 expression and Ki-67 labeling index in different histological types of gastric carcinomas and their relationship with the patients' clinicopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 gastric carcinoma cases were evaluated histologically and phenotypically, along with assessment of CDX2 expression and Ki-67 labeling index. Gastric carcinomas were grouped into intestinal and diffuse types, according to Lauren classification. A semiquantitative microscopic evaluation of CDX2 expression and Ki-67 labeling index was performed and correlated with the patients' clinicopathological parameters. Results: Increased CDX2 expression correlated with higher proportion of intestinal type gastric carcinomas and a lower proportion of lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular and perineural invasion. On the other hand, high Ki-67 labeling index was found in high grade tumors with lymphovascular invasion. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that CDX2 might be a useful marker in predicting the prognosis of patients with gastric carcinoma. Accordingly, Ki-67 index seems to be useful in identifying a group of patients with aggressive tumors.
Clinicopathological Profile and Treatment Outcomes of Bilateral Breast Cancer: A Study from Tertiary Cancer Center in South India
Authors: Jacob Linu Abraham , Anand Abhishek , Lakshmaiah Kuntegowdanahalli C. , Babu Govind K. , Lokanatha Dasappa , Suresh Babu M.C. Suresh , Lokesh Kadabur N. , Rudresha Antapura Haleshappa , Rajeev L K. , Koppaka Deepak
Published: January 2018

Background: Bilateral breast cancer (BBC) is a rare clinical entity with limited data regarding clinicopathological aspects and treatment guidelines. Materials and Methods: This was an observational study of patients diagnosed with BBC from August 2012 to July 2014. Synchronous breast cancers (SBCs) was defined as two tumors diagnosed within an interval of 6 months and metachronous breast cancer (MBC) as second cancer diagnosed after 6 months. Results: Out of 750 breast cancer patients seen during a 2-year period, 35 had BBC. Ten patients were diagnosed as SBC whereas 25 patients as MBC. Among patients with MBC, the average time for development of contralateral breast cancer was 5 years. In 8 patients, the contralateral breast cancer was detected mammography whereas rest 27 patients were detected by clinical breast examination. At a median follow-up of 24 months, 23 (66%) patients were disease free, 9 (26%) patients had disease relapse, and 3 (8%) patients succumbed to the progressive disease. Conclusions: Every patient with breast cancer should be regularly followed up with clinical breast examination at a more frequent interval. The role of frequent clinical breast examination appears more than mammography especially beyond 5 years for early detection of contralateral breast cancer.
Clinical Profile of Multiple Myeloma in South India
Authors: Fousad Chemban , Gangadharan K V , Abdulla Mansoor C , Naryan Ram , Mohammed Ali
Published: January 2018

Background: The incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) is known to be variable according to ethnicity and is increasing rapidly in Asian countries. Because of huge disparities in economy, lack of adequate health-care infrastructure and the lack of access to novel drugs in our country, treatment of multiple myeloma is still a challenge to medical field in India. Methods: This was a descriptive longitudinal study conducted in the medicine and oncology units of a tertiary care hospital in south India. During the one year period of data collection, 37 cases of multiple myeloma were diagnosed, of which 5 cases were excluded. The diagnosis of MM was made based on the International Myeloma Working Group: Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders. The clinical and laboratory characteristics, and treatment were studied. Results: The male to female ratio was 1.3:1. The commonest symptoms noticed were fatigue 32 (100%) and bone pain 31 (96.9%). 6 (18.8%) patients had hypercalcemia and 7 (21.9%) patients had elevated serum creatinine levels. 29 (91%) of 32 had lytic lesions in the skull and 27 (84%) had lytic lesions in the spine. One patient expired during the course of the treatment. 20 (64%) of 32 patients had partial response to treatment, 7 (23%) had complete response and 4 (13%) of them had stable disease not responding to treatment. Conclusions: To conclude, the patients with multiple myeloma in the present study had a male preponderance. Most common symptoms noticed were fatigue and bone pain and majority had spine tenderness on examination. The presentation of MM is non-specific and patient can come with varied presentations at onset. The quality of life and survival in MM patients can be improved significantly if there is access to newer therapies.
Combined Modality Treatment with “Dexamethasone, Methotrexate, Ifosfamide, L-Asparaginase, and Etoposide ” Chemotherapy and Involved Field Radiotherapy for Early Stage Natural Killer/T Cell Lymphoma with Local Tumor Invasiveness: A Single-institution Study from India
Authors: Gupta Vineet G , Gogia Ajay , Kumar Lalit , Sharma Atul , Bakhshi Sameer , Sharma Mehar C , Mallick Saumyaranjan , Biswas Ahitagni , Mehta Prashant , Thulkar Sanjay , Sahoo Ranjit K , Kumar Rakesh
Published: January 2018

Context: Patients with early stage extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ES-NKTCL) and local tumor invasiveness (LTI) show poor treatment outcomes with standard approaches. Dexamethasone, methotrexate, ifosfamide, L-asparaginase, and etoposide (SMILE) is an intensive, highly active protocol mainly studied in advanced/recurrent disease. No prior study has utilized this protocol in high-risk ES-NKTCL. Methods: Between 2011 and 2016, all patients with ES-NKTCL with LTI at presentation were uniformly treated at our institute with a combination of SMILE chemotherapy for 5–6 cycles, and involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT). Records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Sixteen patients were identified, 69% stage IE and 31% stage IIE. The majority of patients had B-symptoms (75%), paranasal sinus (PNS) invasion (81%), facial skin invasion (56%), palatal perforation (69%), or orbital extension (56%). 12/16 had B-symptoms, and 6/16 had elevated lactate dehydrogenase. All patients received the entire planned 5–6 cycles. IFRT was delivered after a mean 4 cycles. Complete remission was achieved in 13/15 (87%) patients. At a median follow up of 18.5 months, 1-year progression-free survival and overall survival was 84% and 94%, respectively. Grade 3–4 toxicity was seen in 81%, most commonly neutropenia (75%), anemia (44%), and thromobocytopenia (31%). Six patients required dose adjustments (predominantly in the first 1 or 2 cycles). No treatment-related mortality was noted. Conclusion: SMILE with RT is a toxic but tolerable protocol for ES-NKTCL with LTI with high efficacy. Prospective studies are warranted.
Pattern formation mechanisms in sphere-forming diblock copolymer thin films
Authors: Gómez Leopoldo R. , García Nicolás A. , Register Richard A. , Vega Daniel A.
Published: January 2018

The order-disorder transition of a sphere-forming block copolymer thin film was numerically studied through a Cahn-Hilliard model. Simulations show that the fundamental mechanisms of pattern formation are spinodal decomposition and nucleation and growth. The range of validity of each relaxation process is controlled by the spinodal and order-disorder temperatures. The initial stages of spinodal decomposition are well approximated by a linear analysis of the evolution equation of the system. In the metastable region, the critical size for nucleation diverges upon approaching the order--disorder transition, and reduces to the size of a single domain as the spinodal is approached. Grain boundaries and topological defects inhibit the formation of superheated phases above the order--disorder temperature. The numerical results are in good qualitative agreement with experimental data on sphere-forming diblock copolymer thin films. Received: 22  August 2017,  Accepted: 12 December 2017; Edited by: R. Dickman;  Reviewed by: A. Peters, Dept. Chemical Engineering, Louisiana Tech Univ., Ruston, USA; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.100001 Cite as: L R Gómez, N A García, R A Register, D A Vega, Papers in Physics 10, 100001 (2018) This paper, by L R Gómez, N A García, R A Register, D A Vega, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0.
Direito humano à moradia e a regularização fundiária na Amazônia: limites e possibilidades
Authors: Moraes Outeiro Gabriel , Nascimento Durbens Martins
Published: January 2018

Este artigo trata da regularização fundiária na Amazônia como instrumento de garantia do direito humano à moradia. Utiliza, para tanto, a experiência da parceria entre Ministério das Cidades, Universidade Federal do Pará e seis municípios do nordeste paraense na execução do Projeto Moradia Cidadã. A constatação de que o número de moradias irregulares tem crescido exige a adoção de políticas públicas de regularização fundiária para o desenvolvimento urbano, assegurando a inclusão social de todos os cidadãos. Dessa forma, são apresentadas as etapas desse programa de regularização fundiária, revelando limites e possibilidades a serem superados, na medida em que o quadro encontrado traz consigo peculiaridades relacionadas à dinâmica de urbanização amazônica, ao licenciamento urbanístico-ambiental e à gestão municipal do território.
Judicialização dos benefícios de prestação continuada e impactos simbólicos na cidadania
Authors: Ximenes Julia Maurmann
Published: January 2018

Os impactos da judicialização das políticas públicas têm sido objeto de muito debate acadêmico. Contudo, esse fenômeno tem aberto uma possibilidade de dar voz a atores que não conseguem ter suas demandas atendidas pelos atores políticos, como no caso da judicialização do Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC). A partir da análise do BPC, percebe-se os impactos simbólicos da judicialização na cidadania inclusiva, considerando que uma maior parcela da população em situação de vulnerabilidade está sendo alcançada a partir da compreensão da realidade dos sujeitos de direitos envolvidos.
Patrimônio de afetação no Novo Código de Processo Civil
Authors: Oliva Milena Donato , Roque Andre Vasconcelos
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o impacto da introdução, pelo novo Código de Processo Civil, do patrimônio de afetação no regime jurídico dos alimentos indenizativos, instituído pelo legislador processual como forma de reforçar a proteção da vítima de ilícito com direito a receber pensionamento. A afetação patrimonial tem por escopo blindar ativos destinados ao pagamento da pensão, garantindo, assim, que tais bens fiquem alocados à satisfação dos alimentos indenizativos, não respondendo por outras dívidas do autor do ilícito. A universalidade patrimonial é dotada de elasticidade, de sorte que seus elementos podem ser ampliados ou diminuídos, a depender da falta ou do excesso destes em relação ao montante devido a título de pensionamento. A blindagem patrimonial e a possibilidade de alteração dos ativos afetados traduzem os principais atrativos que tornam o patrimônio de afetação expediente cada vez mais utilizado pelo legislador pátrio, pois congrega, a um só tempo, segurança e flexibilidade, essenciais para o fomento de numerosas atividades. O CPC/2015, dessa forma, encontra-se alinhado com a legislação mais avançada em matéria de gestão de bens para fins de garantia.
A justiça de transição no Brasil: elementos para penser a democracia na América Latina
Authors: Lucas Doglas Cesar , Oliveira Carla Dóro de
Published: January 2018

O presente trabalho tem por finalidade analisar, de forma clara e objetiva, o processo transicional vivido no Brasil por meio do estudo das medidas adotadas pelo Estado no seu processo de redemocratização, especialmente quando em comparação com outros países latino-americanos que também passaram por períodos de exceção, tais como a Argentina, o Chile e o Uruguai. Para tanto, procedeu-se ao estudo acerca da justiça de transição, a fim de melhor entender sua origem, finalidade e a forma como deve ser conduzida. Objetiva-se, portanto, compreender mais profundamente a forma com que cada um dos países em análise lidou com a superação de um período violento de sua história. A partir da análise desenvolvida, buscou-se reconhecer os aspectos positivos e negativos do processo de transição brasileiro, identificando-se, ainda, quais os pontos que ainda merecem maior atenção. Na metodologia utilizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica e documental numa abordagem qualitativa, abrangendo a leitura e análise de obras doutrinárias, artigos e jurisprudência. Os resultados do trabalho apontam que medidas adotadas pelo Brasil, apesar de relevantes, ainda são insuficientes para a consolidação da democracia no país, impondo-se, nesse contexto, a implementação da justiça transicional em todos os seus aspectos.
Movimentos sociais e Judiciário: invertendo a condição de protagonista do discurso
Authors: Leite Maia Gretha , Sousa Maria Tatiana
Published: January 2018

O artigo objetiva articular um estudo sobre o Poder Judiciário brasileiro e uma pesquisa sobre os movimentos sociais, na qual se inclui uma pesquisa de campo junto a três movimentos organizados no Ceará. Inicia por um estudo analítico da constituição do judiciário enquanto Poder do Estado no Brasil, alcançando os estudos contemporâneos sobre o Judiciário brasileiro. Os estudos contemporâneos sustentam a proposta de aproximação entre o Judiciário e os movimentos sociais. Em seguida, objetivando verificar a correspondente efetivação dessa aproximação, realiza um estudo sobre movimentos sociais e uma consulta junto a três movimentos sociais de significativa atuação no Ceará nas últimas décadas para colher, a partir dos que dizem os movimentos, os relatos dessa aproximação. Trata-se de uma metodologia que busca inverter a condição de protagonista do discurso, verificando junto aos movimentos os relatos de experiências de resolução de conflitos e demandas pela via jurisdicional. O trabalho é composto de um estudo histórico e teórico do Poder Judiciário no Brasil e um estudo teórico e empírico sobre os movimentos sociais. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, transdisciplinar, com base teórica que alia estudos do Direito, da História e da Sociologia, e uma pesquisa empírica qualitativa que se realizou por meio da coleta de dados junto aos movimentos CEARAH Periferia, o MST Ceará, e o coletivo “Quem dera ser um peixe”. Conclui que o Judiciário e os movimentos sociais ainda mantém uma distância institucional, estabelecida por décadas de afastamento e desconhecimento mútuo.
Audiência de custódia: a concretização da utopia
Authors: Giacomolli Nereu José , Galíia Caíque Ribeiro
Published: January 2018

A superação da mera normatividade doméstica no âmbito criminal avança na perspectiva da efetivação dos compromissos assumidos pelo Brasil no cenário internacional ao internalizar o Pacto Internacional de Direitos Civis e Políticos e a Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos. Nesse aspecto, o presente artigo aborda alguns aspectos da audiência de custódia como concretização de direitos humanos do sujeito que tem sua liberdade tolhida por agentes estatais. Para tanto, será feita uma análise geral conceitual que envolve esse instituto, utilizando as propostas normativas que deram início a essa discussão no contexto brasileiro, assim como uma leitura sistemática em relação à efetividade da garantia do preso a ser apresentado à autoridade judiciária logo após a sua prisão desde a Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos (1969). Vale ressaltar a importância do tema no contexto latino-americano e, em especial, brasileiro, marcado por rompimentos democráticos e emprego de violência e tortura por parte de alguns agentes públicos. Objetiva-se apresentar uma noção geral sobre o tema, além de alguns delineamentos sobre aspectos relacionados à concreção de direitos fundamentais como resultado da construção de alterações que vem sendo implantadas no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. De fato, a legislação brasileira há de ser conformada com os diplomas internacionais ratificados pelo Brasil, sendo que todo ser humano detido possui o direito de ser conduzido à presença da autoridade judicial competente, ser ouvido pessoalmente e verificada a legalidade da prisão – direito e audiência.
O seguro de responsabilidade civil do profissional liberal: desenvolvimento e atualidades
Authors: Barbosa Fernanda Nunes
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo aborda o tema do seguro de responsabilidade civil no Brasil, especificamente o seguro de responsabilidade civil do profissional liberal, partindo-se do pressuposto de que o que se busca é estabelecer um sistema que cubra efetivamente os danos das vítimas, sem que com isso sejam causadas novas injustiças. Considerando que vivemos hoje em um estado de solidariedade social, o qual se caracteriza por um estado de seguridade, tem-se que também os maus resultados médicos e demais infortúnios precisam ter seu sistema de reparação repensados. Transferir-se a reparação individual para uma forma coletiva de ressarcimento, com a colaboração de todos por intermédio de grupos sociais, pode se apresentar uma medida consentânea com o atual estado da nossa sociedade.
Reflexões sobre a estrutura lógico-formal da Norma Jurídica ante a Sanção Premial
Authors: Vasconcelos Arnaldo , Dourado Aragão Sá Araujo Guilherme
Published: January 2018

Cuida da alocação da sanção premial na estrutura lógico-formal da norma jurídica. Seu objetivo geral é identificar, na estrutura formal da norma, o lugar dos tipos de sanção, seja ela punitiva, em condutas aquém do ideal prescrito, seja ela premial, no caso de condutas além do ideal prescrito. Nesse sentido, torna-se necessário, em primeiro lugar, realizar incursão no plano metafísico a fim de despir a norma jurídica de seu conteúdo semântico para revelar sua essência lógica formal. Após abstração do plano físico dos conteúdos ao plano metafísico das formas, torna-se necessária a elucidação dos fundamentos da lógica formal para melhor compreensão da estrutura da norma jurídica. Ao manejar esses mesmos fundamentos da lógica formal, perceber-se-á um equívoco fundamental na mentalidade jurídica tradicional que consiste em verdadeira falha no desdobramento lógico do axioma da identidade. Somente com a correção desse equívoco, pode ser revelado o verdadeiro lugar da sanção premial na estrutura lógica da norma jurídica.
A (in)visibilidade e a criminalização dos indígenas no Brasil: um olhar além do preconceito
Authors: Veronese Osmar , Dornelles Ederson Nadir Pires
Published: January 2018

Resumo

O presente artigo versa sobre os indígenas brasileiros, os quais, em razão de um processo de vitimização, foram se tornando jurídica e socialmente invisíveis. Além da violência representada pela ocupação do território pelos portugueses e espanhóis, a hipossuficiência desses povos se aprofunda na era capitalista globalizada, na medida em que eles destoam do padrão de vida e consumo imposto pelo mercado mundial. O ensaio examina, também, questões relacionadas à imputabilidade penal, sublinhando o descompasso entre parte da legislação nacional e da internacional sobre a matéria. Ao final, analisa formas de tutela dos indígenas e orientações que informam o julgamento criminal de indígenas, com a necessidade ou dispensa de perícia antropológica, tendo no horizonte o respeito às diferenças. Para essa pesquisa utilizou-se o método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo, com matizes históricos.
A construção de consensos como instrumento eficaz de gestão de conflitos socioambientais
Authors: Cabral Sales Alessander Wilckson , Pinto Vidal de Oliveira Vladia
Published: January 2018

Métodos Alternativos de Resolução de Litígios são mecanismos de resolução de conflitos com as características e técnicas especiais, criados para dar abordagens adequadas a diferentes tipos de problemas. Negociação, mediação e arbitragem estão entre os métodos mais referidos e praticados no Brasil. Em estudos recentes, o professor Lawrence Susskind, do Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts - MIT, apresentou um novo conceito e prática voltada para solução negociada de conflitos envolvendo múltiplas partes - a construção de consensos. Este mecanismo requer um diálogo inclusivo e colaborativo, facilitado por um terceiro qualificado e imparcial que tem credibilidade e confiança das partes envolvidas e ajuda-as a examinar os seus interesses, posições e valores, procurando pontos convergentes e desenvolvendo a colaboração para uma solução consensual e pacífica. Conflitos ambientais são apontados como exemplos de questões que devem ser objeto de construção de consenso, pois lidam com os interesses de diversas instituições ligadas ao direito ambiental e ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Este estudo analisa se construção de consensos é adequada para as questões ambientais. Para a consecução desse objetivo, este estudo requereu uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental sobre a temática. Esperamos elaborar e delinear a implementação desta prática no Brasil, apresentando aos vários sectores constantemente envolvidos no debate ambiental (como o Ministério Público, Judiciário, Estado e autoridades executivas locais, instituições privadas e ONGs) uma inclusiva, participativa e possibilidade pacífica para gerir os conflitos decorrentes de questões ambientais - um equilíbrio entre o desenvolvimento econômico e proteção ambiental.
Teoria do direito e avaliação moral: o insight de Julie Dickson
Authors: Ribeiro Sobrinho Paulo Sérgio , Kozicki Katya
Published: January 2018

No presente artigo nos preocupamos com a reflexão em torno da disputa teórica a respeito de ser possível a teorização do direito livre de avaliações morais, o que fazemos com dois objetivos centrais: (i) demonstrar que o modo corrente com que o tema é tratado oculta importantes considerações a respeito dessa disputa e (ii) tanto expor como justificar a tese das avaliações indiretas de Julie Dickson como um flanco de viabilidade de projetos teóricos dessa natureza. Exploramos na primeira parte do texto, de maneira breve, as contribuições de Hart em torno da questão metodológica da teoria do direito. Na segunda parte, introduzimos as contribuições de Julie Dickson e enfatizamos as distinções analíticas feitas por ela sobre o papel da avaliação na abordagem teórica do direito. Por fim, abordamos a sua contribuição original ao assunto, a nominada “tese das avaliações indiretas”, e defendemos, na conclusão, que existe espaço no território metodológico para teorias que partam de avaliações indiretas sobre o direito.
Influências da incapacidade civil e do discernimento reduzido em matéria de prescrição e decadência
Authors: Nunes de Souza Eduardo , Da Guia Silva Rodrigo
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo procura investigar de que modo o discernimento do titular do direito ou do dever jurídico influencia o regime jurídico da prescrição e da decadência. Para tanto, analisa-se o regime jurídico do termo inicial da prescrição e da decadência no direito brasileiro, particularmente à luz do princípio contra non valentem agere non currit praescriptio. A investigação propõe soluções inovadoras para problemas relacionados à prescrição em face do relativamente incapaz e das pessoas com deficiência psíquica ou intelectual após a reforma promovida pelo Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência.
Responsabilità per inadempimento del gestore professionale e quantificazione del danno risarcibile nel contratto de gestione di portafogli
Authors: Maria Caterina Cossu Monica
Published: January 2018

Il contratto di gestione di portafogli di investimento é uno schema negoziale tipico. In caso di cattivo esito della gestione, qualora il cliente-investitore promuova causa di risarcimento per inadempimento contrattuale, l'esame del giudice deve accertare la sussistenza del danno emergente, cioé quantificare le perdite, e il lucro cessante o mancato guadagno. L'approccio della giurisprudenza appare meno soddisfacente per l’aspetto della quantificazione del lucro cessante, che spesso é drasticamente legata a parametri monetari. Sul piano delle tecniche probatorie, sono state trascurate finora le potenzialità del benchmark, o parametro oggettivo di riferimento, che pure è assurto al rango di criterio normativo.
Postwar Europe and the Eurovision Song Contest
Authors: Vuletic Dean
Published: January 2018

Postwar Europe and the Eurovision Song Contest examines how the Eurovision Song Contest has reflected and become intertwined with the history of postwar Europe from a political perspective.

Established in 1956, the Eurovision Song Contest is the world’s largest popular music event and one of the most popular television programmes in Europe, currently attracting a global audience of around 200 million people. Eurovision is often mocked as cultural kitsch because of its over-the-top performances and frivolous song lyrics. Yet there is no cultural medium that connects Europeans more than popular music, the development of which has always been tied to cultural, economic, political, social and technological change – making Eurovision the ideal tool to explain the history of Europe in the last sixty years. This book uses Eurovision as a vehicle to address topics ranging from the Cold War, liberal democracy and communism to nationalism, European integration, economic prosperity and human rights. It analyses these subjects through their cultural, political and social relationships with Eurovision entries as expressed through lyrics and music, as well as by examining public debates that have accompanied the selection of the entries and the organisation of the contest itself. Postwar Europe and the Eurovision Song Contest also considers how states have used Eurovision to define their identities in a European context, be it to assert their national distinctiveness, highlight political issues or affirm their Europeanism or Euroscepticism in the context of European integration.

Based on original sources, including hitherto unpublished archival documents from international broadcasting organisations, this is a novel historical study of interest to anyone keen to know more about the postwar history of Europe and its cultural history in particular.
Ethnographies of Waiting
Authors: Bandak Andreas
Published: January 2018

We all wait – in traffic jams, passport offices, school meal queues, for better weather, an end to fighting, peace. Time spent waiting produces hope, boredom, anxiety, doubt, or uncertainty.

Ethnographies of Waiting explores the social phenomenon of waiting and its centrality in human society. Using waiting as a central analytical category, the book investigates how waiting is negotiated in myriad ways. Examining the politics and poetics of waiting, Ethnographies of Waiting offers fresh perspectives on waiting as the uncertain interplay between doubting and hoping, and asks "When is time worth the wait?" Waiting thus conceived is intrinsic to the ethnographic method at the heart of the anthropological enterprise.

Featuring detailed ethnographies from Japan, Georgia, England, Ghana, Norway, Russia and the United States, a Foreword by Craig Jeffrey and an Afterword by Ghassan Hage, this is a vital contribution to the field of anthropology of time and essential reading for students and scholars in anthropology, sociology and philosophy.
Ozone sensitivity to varying greenhouse gases and ozone-depleting substances in CCMI-1 simulations
Authors: Morgenstern Olaf , Stone Kane A. , Schofield Robyn , Akiyoshi Hideharu , Yamashita Yousuke , Kinnison Douglas E. , Garcia Rolando R. , Sudo Kengo , Plummer David A. , Scinocca John , Oman Luke D. , Manyin Michael E. , Zeng Guang , Rozanov Eugene , Stenke Andrea , Revell Laura E. , Pitari Giovanni , Mancini Eva , Di Genova Glauco , Visioni Daniele , Dhomse Sandip S. , Chipperfield Martyn P.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Ozone fields simulated for the first phase of the Chemistry-Climate Model
Initiative (CCMI-1) will be used as forcing data in the 6th Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project. Here we assess, using reference and sensitivity
simulations produced for CCMI-1, the suitability of CCMI-1 model results for
this process, investigating the degree of consistency amongst models
regarding their responses to variations in individual forcings. We consider
the influences of methane, nitrous oxide, a combination of chlorinated or
brominated ozone-depleting substances, and a combination of carbon dioxide
and other greenhouse gases. We find varying degrees of consistency in the
models' responses in ozone to these individual forcings, including some
considerable disagreement. In particular, the response of total-column ozone
to these forcings is less consistent across the multi-model ensemble than
profile comparisons. We analyse how stratospheric age of air, a commonly
used diagnostic of stratospheric transport, responds to the forcings. For
this diagnostic we find some salient differences in model behaviour, which may
explain some of the findings for ozone. The findings imply that the ozone
fields derived from CCMI-1 are subject to considerable uncertainties
regarding the impacts of these anthropogenic forcings. We offer some
thoughts on how to best approach the problem of generating a consensus ozone
database from a multi-model ensemble such as CCMI-1.
Random forest meteorological normalisation models for Swiss PM10 trend analysis
Authors: Grange Stuart K. , Carslaw David C. , Lewis Alastair C. , Boleti Eirini , Hueglin Christoph
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Meteorological normalisation is a technique which accounts for changes in meteorology over time in an air quality time series. Controlling for such changes helps support robust trend analysis because there is more certainty that the observed trends are due to changes in emissions or chemistry, not changes in meteorology. Predictive random forest models (RF; a decision tree machine learning technique) were grown for 31 air quality monitoring sites in Switzerland using surface meteorological, synoptic scale, boundary layer height, and time variables to explain daily PM10 concentrations. The RF models were used to calculate meteorologically normalised trends which were formally tested and evaluated using the Theil–Sen estimator. Between 1997 and 2016, significantly decreasing normalised PM10 trends ranged between −0.09 and −1.16 μg m−3 year−1 with urban traffic sites experiencing the greatest mean decrease in PM10 concentrations at −0.77 μg m−3 year−1. Similar magnitudes have been reported for normalised PM10 trends for earlier time periods in Switzerland which indicates PM10 concentrations are continuing to decrease at similar rates as in the past. The ability for RF models to be interpreted was leveraged using partial dependence plots to explain the observed trends and relevant physical and chemical processes influencing PM10 concentrations. Notably, two regimes were suggested by the models which cause elevated PM10 concentrations in Switzerland: one related to poor dispersion conditions and a second resulting from high rates of secondary PM generation in deep, photochemically active boundary layers. The RF meteorological normalisation process was found to be robust, user friendly and simple to implement, and readily interpretable which suggests the technique could be useful in many air quality exploratory data analysis situations.
Light absorption of brown carbon in eastern China based on 3-year multi-wavelength aerosol optical property observations at the SORPES station and an improved Absorption Ångstrom exponent segregation method
Authors: Wang Jiaping , Nie Wei , Cheng Yafang , Shen Yicheng , Chi Xuguang , Wang Jiandong , Huang Xin , Xie Yuning , Sun Peng , Xu Zheng , Qi Ximeng , Su Hang , Ding Aijun
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Brown carbon (BrC), a certain group of organic carbon (OC) with strong absorption from the visible to ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, makes considerable contribution to light absorption on both global and regional scales. High concentration and proportion of OC has been reported in China, but studies of BrC absorption based on long-term observations are rather limited in this region. In this study, we reported 3-year results of light absorption of BrC based on continuous measurement at the Station for Observation Regional Processes of the Earth System (SORPES) in the Yangtze River Delta, China combined with Mie-theory calculation. Light absorption of BrC was obtained using an improved Absorption Ångstrom exponent (AAE) segregation method to calculate AAE of pure and non-absorbing coated black carbon (BC) at each time step based on Mie-theory simulation and measurement of multi-wavelength aerosol light absorption. By using this improved method, the variation of AAE over time is taken into consideration, making it applicable for long-term analysis. The yearly average light absorption of BrC (babs_BrC) at 370 nm was 4.3 Mm−1 at the SORPES station. The contribution of BrC to total aerosol absorption (PBrC) at 370 nm ranged from 6 % to 18 % (10th and 90th percentiles, respectively), and reached up to ~ 28 % in biomass burning-dominant season and winter. Both babs_BrC and PBrC exhibited clear seasonal cycles with two peaks in later spring/early summer (May–June, babs_BrC ~ 4 Mm−1, PBrC ~ 11 %) and winter (December, babs_BrC ~ 12 Mm−1, PBrC ~ 17 %), respectively. Lagrangian modeling and chemical signature observed at the site suggested that open biomass burning and residential emissions were the dominate sources influencing BrC in the two seasons.
Analysis of reflections in GNSS radio occultation measurements using the phase matching amplitude
Authors: Sievert Thomas , Rasch Joel , Carlström Anders , Pettersson Mats Ingemar
Published: January 2018

Abstract. It is well-known that in the presence of super-refractive layers in the lower-tropospheric inversion of GNSS radio occultation (RO) measurements using the Abel transform yields biased refractivity profiles. As such it is problematic to reconstruct the true refractivity from the RO signal. Additional information about this lower region of the atmosphere might be embedded in reflected parts of the signal. To retrieve the bending angle, the phase matching operator can be used. This operator produces a complex function of the impact parameter, and from its phase we can calculate the bending angle. Instead of looking at the phase, in this paper we focus on the function's amplitude. The results in this paper show that the signatures of surface reflections in GNSS RO measurements can be significantly enhanced when using the phase matching method by processing only an appropriately selected segment of the received signal. This signature enhancement is demonstrated by simulations and confirmed with 10 hand-picked MetOp-A occultations with reflected components. To validate that these events show signs of reflections, radio holographic images are generated. Our results suggest that the phase matching amplitude carries information that can improve the interpretation of radio occultation measurements in the lower troposphere.
Interactive network configuration maintains bacterioplankton community structure under elevated CO2 in a eutrophic coastal mesocosm experiment
Authors: Lin Xin , Huang Ruiping , Li Yan , Li Futian , Wu Yaping , Hutchins David A. , Dai Minhan , Gao Kunshan
Published: January 2018

Abstract. There is increasing concern about the effects of ocean acidification on
marine biogeochemical and ecological processes and the organisms that drive
them, including marine bacteria. Here, we examine the effects of elevated
CO2 on the bacterioplankton community during a mesocosm experiment using
an artificial phytoplankton community in subtropical, eutrophic coastal
waters of Xiamen, southern China. Through sequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA
gene V3-V4 region, we found that the bacterioplankton community in this high-nutrient coastal environment was relatively resilient to changes in seawater
carbonate chemistry. Based on comparative ecological network analysis, we
found that elevated CO2 hardly altered the network structure of high-abundance bacterioplankton taxa but appeared to reassemble the community
network of low abundance taxa. This led to relatively high resilience of the
whole bacterioplankton community to the elevated CO2 level and
associated chemical changes. We also observed that the Flavobacteria group,
which plays an important role in the microbial carbon pump, showed higher
relative abundance under the elevated CO2 condition during the early
stage of the phytoplankton bloom in the mesocosms. Our results provide new
insights into how elevated CO2 may influence bacterioplankton community
structure.
Impacts of temperature and soil characteristics on methane production and oxidation in Arctic polygonal tundra
Authors: Zheng Jianqiu , RoyChowdhury Taniya , Yang Ziming , Gu Baohua , Wullschleger Stan D. , Graham David E.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Methane (CH4) oxidation mitigates CH4 emission from soils. However, it is still highly uncertain whether soils in high-latitude ecosystems will function as a net source or sink for this important greenhouse gas. We investigated CH4 production and oxidation potential in permafrost-affected soils from degraded ice-wedge polygons with carbon-rich soils at the Barrow Environmental Observatory, Utqiaġvik (Barrow) Alaska, USA. Frozen soil cores from flat and high-centered polygons were sectioned into active layers, transition zones, and permafrost, and incubated at −2, +4 and +8 °C to determine potential CH4 production and oxidation rates. Organic acids produced by fermentation fueled methanogenesis and competing iron reduction processes responsible for most anaerobic respiration. Significant CH4 oxidation was observed from the suboxic transition zone and permafrost of flat-centered polygon soil, which also exhibited higher CH4 production rates during the incubations. Although CH4 production showed higher temperature sensitivity than CH4 oxidation, potential rates of CH4 oxidation exceeded methanogenesis rates at each temperature. Assuming no diffusion limitation, our results suggest that CH4 oxidation could offset CH4 production and limit surface CH4 emissions, in response to elevated temperature, and thus should be considered in model predictions of net CH4 fluxes in Arctic polygonal tundra.
Tropical climate-vegetation-fire relationships: multivariate evaluation of the land surface model JSBACH
Authors: Lasslop Gitta , Moeller Thomas , D'Onofrio Donatella , Hantson Stijn , Kloster Silvia
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The interactions between climate, vegetation and fire can strongly influence the future trajectories of vegetation in Earth system models. We evaluate the relationships between tropical climate, vegetation and fire in the global vegetation model JSBACH, using a simple fire scheme and the complex fire model SPITFIRE with the aim to identify potential for model improvement. We use two remote sensing products (based on MODIS and Landsat) in different resolutions to assess the robustness of the obtained observed relationships. We evaluate the model using a multivariate comparison that allows to focus on the interactions between climate, vegetation and fire and test the influence of land use change on the modelled patterns. Climate-vegetation-fire relationships are known to differ between continents we therefore perform the analysis for each continent separately. The observed relationships are similar in the two satellite datasets, but maximum tree cover is reached at higher precipitation values for coarser resolution. The model captures the broad spatial patterns with regional differences, which are partly due to the climate forcing derived from an Earth system model.SPITFIRE strongly improves the spatial pattern of burned area and the distribution of burned area along increasing precipitation compared to the simple fire scheme. Surprisingly the correlation between precipitation and tree cover is higher in the observations than in the largely climate driven vegetation model, with both fire models. The multivariate comparison identifies a too high tree cover in low precipitation areas and a too strong relationship between high fire occurrence and low tree cover for the complex fire model. We therefore suggest that drought effects on tree cover and the impact of burned area on tree cover or the adaptation of trees to fire can be improved. The model reproduces the linear increase of tree cover with increasing precipitation for Australia, compared to the sigmoid increase for the other continents. As we find this linear increase for both fire models as well as for present day and preindustrial land use, we conclude that it appears in the model due to differences in climate not captured by mean annual precipitation. Land use contributes to the intercontinental differences in fire regimes with SPITFIRE and strongly overprints the modelled multimodality of tree cover with SPITFIRE. The multivariate comparison between observations and model used here has several advantages: it improves the attribution of model-data mismatches to model processes, it reduces the impact of biases in the meteorological forcing on the evaluation and it allows to evaluate not only a specific target variable but also the interactions.