bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tissue imprints in surgical pathology: A rapid intraoperative diagnostic aid
Authors: Scopa Chrisoula D. , Melachrinou Maria , Apessou Demetra , Bonikos Dionysis
Published: February 2007

We studied the intraoperative diagnostic value of imprint cytology in 230 samples obtained from surgical specimens submitted for frozen section diagnosis. A rapid hematoxylineosin stain was used. Intraoperative imprint cytology achieved an accuracy rate of 94.3%; for benign lesions the accuracy was 97.5%, and for malignant lesions it was 91%. Overall, the false‐negative and suspicious‐for‐malignancy rates were 1.3% and 4.3%, respectively. No false‐positive results were found. The diagnostic yield when intraoperative imprint cytology and frozen section were used together was 99%. It is apparent that imprint cytology is a quick and simple method with wide applicability in the histopathologic diagnosis of lesions from all organs. The value of the method is enhanced when it is used with frozen section diagnosis.
Light and electron microscopic examination of fine‐needle aspirates in the preoperative diagnosis of osteogenic tumors: A study of 21 osteosarcomas and two osteoblastomas
Authors: Walaas Lisa , Kindblom Lars‐Gunnar
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐three patients with primary osteogenic tumors, two osteoblastomas and 21 osteosarcomas, underwent fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in the preoperative investigation. The cytologic features in smears were compared with the light and electron microscopic findings of resin‐embedded fine‐needle aspirates (16 cases) and the histopathologic findings of the surgical specimens. Cytologic smears clearly indicated a primary bone malignancy in all 20 high‐malignancy osteosarcomas. In the osteoblastic osteosarcomas, the diagnosis of osteosarcoma was strongly suggested by the osteoblastic appearance of the tumor cells and the presence of an osteoid‐like fibrillar matrix in 6 of 11 cases in the May‐Grünwald‐Giemsa‐stained smears. The distinction of chondroblastic osteosarcomas from high‐grade chondrosarcomas and of polymorphic osteosarcomas from malignant fibrous histiocytomas is difficult in smears. Electron microscopic examination and immunocytochemistry indicating a positivity for vimentin but not for cytokeratin helped to exclude the possibility of a carcinoma in osteoblastic osteosarcomas where the tumor cells had epithelium‐like features in the smears. The resin‐embedding technique of fine‐needle aspirates was useful for the typing since it gave additional light microscopic information about growth pattern, structure, and matrix production, as well as ultrastructural information about cell and tissue differentiation. The osteoid‐like material seen in May‐Grünwald‐Giemsa‐stained smears could be proven to represent osteoid with varying degrees of calcification at the ultrastructural examination. The fine‐needle aspiration technique, especially when used for both smears and embedding, may play an important role in the preoperative investigation of bone tumors, provided that it is used with full knowledge of the clinical and radiographic findings.
Neuroendocrine (merkel‐cell) carcinoma of the skin: Immunocytochemical and cytomorphologic analysis on fine‐needle aspirates
Authors: Skoog Lambert , Schmitt Fernando C. , Tani Edneia
Published: February 2007

Cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical characteristics of tumor cells from fine‐needle aspirates of four neuroendocrine (Merkel‐cell) carcinomas of the skin are described. All aspirates were cellular with dispersed small to medium sized tumor cells with scanty cytoplasm. Many mitoses were observed. Careful scrutiny revealed a tendency of the tumor cells to form microacinar and pseudorosette formations as well as small clusters of molding cells. Immunocytochemical analysis of cytospin preparations showed a peculiar dot‐like cytokeratin positivity, while neuron‐specific enolase staining was more diffuse. A weak S‐100 positivity was observed. This staining pattern is highly suggestive of Merkel‐cell tumor. It can thus be concluded that immunocytochemical analysis in conjunction with cytomorphology on fine‐needle aspirates will allow the identification of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin and its differentiation from other small‐cell neoplasias of the skin.
Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast—diagnosis by aspiration biopsy cytology: Report of two cases and literature review
Authors: Kline Tilde S. , Kline Irwin K.
Published: February 2007

The unusual metaplastic carcinomas have a variety of names, each emphasizing the dominant histologic pattern. Components may include features of ductal, spindle, or squamous carcinoma with pseudosarcomatous, cartilaginous, or boney areas. A few reports from individual tumors examined by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy have emphasized an array of findings. This study includes two of our cases with a review of 12 others from the literature. The breast neoplasm has a characteristic pattern on aspiration biopsy cytology (ABC). The cell‐rich aspirate reveals benign multinucleated giant cells intermingled with malignant spindled or squamous cells on a background of necrotic debris, inflammatory cells, and blood. Additionally, cells from infiltrating ductal carcinoma and mesenchymal fragments are often seen.
Aspiration biopsy cytology of the prostate in young adult men
Authors: Howell Lydia Pleotis , Amott Thomas R. , De Vere‐White Ralph
Published: February 2007

The aspiration biopsy cytology of 11 prostates obtained at autopsy from men younger than 40 yr old were studied to define the cytologic criteria of benign changes in this age group. Cytologic features that differ from those of older men with benign prostatic enlargement include abundant cellularity, the presence of large and small cell groups (which would otherwise suggest dyshesion), and a predominantly columnar cell shape. These differences can be attributed to age‐related changes in the prostate. A case of a prostatic nodule in a 22‐yr‐old that was evaluated by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy is presented to illustrate the diagnostic difficulties that can arise when the interpreter is unaware of differences in cytologic patterns due to age.
Immunocytochemical analysis of receptors for estrogen and progesterone in fine‐needle aspirates from human breast carcinomas
Authors: Skoog Lambert , Humla Solveig , Isaksson Saed , Tani Edneia
Published: February 2007

Monoclonal antibodies were used for a preoperative analysis of estrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PgRs) in fine‐needle aspirates from 44 primary human breast carcinomas. The semiquantitative receptor values obtained in cytologic specimens correlated well with those from enzyme immunoassay analysis on surgically removed tumor tissue (r = 0.74 for PgR;r = 0.75 for ER). Cytologic smears showed a heterogenous tumor cell distribution of ER and PgR in 29 and 23 cases, respectively. The results suggest that measurement of the ER and PgR in cytologic smears is an accurate and reliable technique that can be performed on a minimum amount of tissue.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of seminoma and dysgerminoma: Cytologic, histologic, and electron microscopic correlations
Authors: Akhtar Mohammed , Ashraf Ali M. , Huq Mahmuda , Bakry Mohammed
Published: February 2007

Cytomorphologic features in a series of fine‐needle aspiration biopsies from eight patients with seminoma or dysgerminoma were reviewed, and the findings were further correlated with histopathologic and ultrastructural appearances. Three cell types were encountered. Type I was least differentiated and least frequent. Type II was most frequent and had well‐developed cytoplasm rich in organelles. Type III was similar to type II but also contained abundant cytoplasmic glycogen. In cytology smears, type III cells contained large punched‐out cytoplasmic vacuoles corresponding to the areas of glycogen deposition. The background contained a variable mixture of inflammatory cells including lymphocytes, plasma cells, epithelioid cells, and epithelioid granulomas. The significance of these findings in the diagnosis of seminoma or dysgerminoma and the distinction from other germ‐cell and non‐germ‐cell tumors is briefly discussed.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of mucus‐producing medullary carcinoma of thyroid: Report of a case with cytologic, histologic, and ultrastructural correlations
Authors: Haleem Abdul , Akhtar Mohammed , Ali Muhammad Ashraf , Iqbal Zafar
Published: February 2007

Cytologic features of aspiration smears from a mucus‐producing medullary carcinoma of the thyroid are described. Two patterns of mucin production by the tumor cells were noted. In some cells, mucin was present as numerous small cytoplasmic vacuoles with ultrastructural morphology characteristic of mucin granules. Other cells had larger, more well‐defined cytoplasmic mucin vacuoles; on ultrastructural examination, they were found to be intracytoplasmic lumina. Although mucin production has been demonstrated in several histologic studies of medullary carcinoma, it has not been previously recognized in fine‐needle aspiration biopsies from this neoplasm.
Negative images of bacilli and mycobacterial infection: A study of fine‐needle aspiration smears from lymph nodes in patients with aids
Authors: Stanley Michael W. , Horwitz Charles A. , Burton Linda G. , Weisser John A.
Published: February 2007

In patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), four cases of mycobacterial infection in which bacilli appeared as cylindrical, nonstaining ‘negative images’ have been previously described. These may have been extracellular or within histiocyte cytoplasm, and they have been described in aspirations from liver, lymph node, and bone marrow and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. We report three additional examples of this finding in fine‐needle aspirations from lymph nodes in AIDS patients infected with Mycobacterium avium‐intracel‐lulare. Our findings support the concept that these negative images of bacilli are diagnostic of mycobacterial infection. Air‐dried Romanovsky‐stained material is requires for their identification.
Urinary sediment in storage diseases: Differential diagnosis of nieman‐pick disease by cytologic means
Authors: Sane Sudha Y.
Published: February 2007

Renal involvement in lipid storage diseases is well recognized. Electron microscopy or chemical analysis of urinary sediment has been used for the diagnosis of these diseases. Urine cytology, supplemented by cytochemistry, polarization, and autofluorescence, helped us in the diagnosis of Niemann‐Pick disease in an infant. The unique findings are described, and the differential diagnosis of storage cells by cytochemical stains is discussed.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of a symptomatic bony metastasis from an occult hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Ng Irene O. L. , Leung C. Y. , Ho J. W. C.
Published: February 2007

Fine‐needle aspiration cytology is widely used for rapid diagnosis. We here report a case in which aspiration of a mass in the left posterior aspect of the chest wall in an elderly patient revealed metastasis from a clinically unrecognized hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagnostic features of the tumor are discussed.
Rapid diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection in aids by cytocentrifugation and rapid hematoxylin‐eosin staining
Authors: Strigle Stephen M. , Gal Anthony A. , Koss Michael N.
Published: February 2007

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the major pulmonary complication in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. While fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial biopsy (TBBX) is regarded as the procedure of choice to identify PCP, these techniques, particularly TBBX, pose potential risks to the already compromised patient. To reduce the duration of bronchoscopy and, hence, lessen the chance for complications, we describe a rapid technique to identify PCP in BAL fluid by cytocentrifugation and hematoxylin‐eosin staining. By this method, PCP can be easily diagnosed within 10 min. The sensitivity of this rapid diagnostic procedure is 95.7%, and the specificity is 100%.
Aspiration cytology of palpable lesions of the scrotal content
Authors: Perez‐Guillermo M. , SolaPérez J.
Published: February 2007

To date, we have studied 89 palpable lesions of the scrotum, testicle, and epididymis using fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Cystic lesions (48.3%) and inflammatory pathology (25.8%) were the most frequent findings. Tumors accounted for 11.2% of results, with a slight predominance of the malignant varieties. In this article, we describe the cytopathology of the main entities and discuss the principal problems of differential diagnosis, especially among inflammatory processes, seminomas, and embryonal carcinomas. The cytopathological pattern of the neoplasias is highly characteristic, and this permits their diagnosis with great precision. FNAC is essentially non‐traumatic and easy to carry out, but it requires considerable practice in its execution and in the interpretation of the aspirates. We believe FNAC to be the technique of choice for the study of the pathology of the scrotal content, and we think that it should be employed on the patient's very first visit. The main advantage of FNAC is avoiding delays in diagnosis.
Cytologic diagnosis of human papillomavirus infection: Spindled nuclei
Authors: Shroyer K. R. , Hosey J. , Swanson L. E. , Woodard W. D. , Fennell R. H.
Published: February 2007

The classic cytologic criteria, koilocytotic atypia and dyskera‐tocytosis, fail to identify most cases with colposcopic and histologic evidence of cervical condylomata. The purpose of this study was to identify a novel cytologic diagnostic criterion, spindled nuclei, to predict the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the cervical epithelium. Review of the hospital records of 100 consecutive cases with spindled nuclei on Papanicolaou smear identifed 36 patients in whom a colposcopic examination and/or cervical biopsy had been performed between January 1, 1988, and March 31, 1989. Ninety‐seven percent of these 36 cases were positive by colposcopy and 89% of the cases were positive by cervical biopsy for changes of condyloma or intraepithelial neoplasia. HPV DNA hybridization in situ was positive in 16 of 36 patients, and the probe for types 31/33/35 most often stained histologic sections showing condylomatous change without concurrent dysplasia. Electron microscopy of spindled nuclei showed evidence of HPV‐type viral particles in the five cases examined.
Fine‐Needle Aspiration Biopsy Diagnosis of Endodermal Sinus Tumor: Histologic and Ultrastructural Correlations
Authors: Akhtar Mohammed , Ashraf Ali M. , Sackey Kwesi , Jackson Derek , Bakry Mohammed
Published: February 2007

Fine‐needle aspiration biopsies from five patients with endo‐dermal sinus tumors (ESTs) were reviewed, and the j'indings were correlated with histologic and ultrastructural (appearances. In the aspiration smears, two types of tumor cells were seen, forming clusters of variable sizes. Type A cells had distinct cell borders, and their cytoplasm contained onry occa‐ sional vacuoles. Type B cells had ill‐defined cell borders and formed syncytial clusters; their cytoplasm was characterized by large numbers of rounded vacuoles. The background con‐ tained patches of mucoid material and macrophages with foamy cytoplasm. Eosinophilic hyaline cytoplasmic bodies and irregular deposits of intercellular basement membrane‐like material were recognized easily in aspiration smears. These features correlated well with histologic and ultrastructural appearances. The significance of these jindings in the fine‐ needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of EST and its distinction from other germ‐cell and non‐germ‐cell tumors is discussed.
Small‐intestinal brushing cytology in the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in aids
Authors: Silverman Jan F. , Levine Judith , Finley James L. , Larkin Ernest W. , Norris H. Thomas
Published: February 2007

We report the cytologic findings of small intestinal brushing material showing cryptosporidiosis in two patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Cryptosporidia measuring approximately 2–4 μ were aligned along the surface of the glandular cells, although many freely dispersed organisms were also present. The differential diagnoses of other structures that could be confused with cryptosporidia are also presented in this article. Small‐intestinal brushing cytology may complement endoscopic biopsy in the workup of diarrheal diseases in AIDS, especially in patients with thrombocytopenia, since the bleeding disorder may be a contraindication for endoscopic biopsy.
Papillary transitional‐cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: A cytological review
Authors: Kannan Vaidehi
Published: February 2007

Urinary cytology is a well‐accepted diagnostic proceafure for bladder carcinomas but it is utilized less frequently for diagnosis of upper urinary tract tumors. Accurate diagnosis depends on a suitable specimen as well as knowledge of diagnostic traps. This review article with several case studies emphasizes the various techniques used to obtain optimal samples, correct interpretative criteria, and diagnostic pitfalls. Technological advances for objective grading and predicting the biological behavior of tumors are also discussed.
Aspiration Biopsy of the Prostate Gland: A Brief Review of Collection, Fixation, and Pattern Recognition With Special Attention to Benign and Malignant Prostatic Epithelium
Authors: Maksem John A. , Galang Cirilio F. , Johenning Paul W. , Park Chanho H. , Tannenbaum Myron
Published: February 2007

The preparation and use of an alternate collection device for aspiration biopsy of the prostate is presented. The (device is inexpensive and can be constructed from readily available office materials. Its use in conjunction with a liquid‐phase collection of cellular products of aspiration biopsy by a backwash technique is described. Following this, a brief discussion of pattern recognition in cytological preparations of benign and malignant prostate epithelial aggregates is presented and illustrated.
Identification of papillary carcinoma in a thyroglossal cyst by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Kashkari Sheila
Published: February 2007

Papillary carcinoma was diagnosed in a fine‐needle aspirate from a cystic upper‐cervical midline lesion attached to the hyoid bone. Histological examination of the excised specimen verified the diagnosis. Carcinoma arising in thyroglossal cysts, though rare, should be considered in patients presenting with an anterior midline mass in the upper neck; fine‐needle aspiration may be useful in the preoperative diagnosis.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of pilomatrixoma: A case report
Authors: Bhalotra Ritu , Jayaram Gita
Published: February 2007

The cytological appearance of breast lesions has been well‐studied. However, skin lesions occurring as breast nodules have less often been studied by fine‐needle aspiration. In addition, skin tumors occurring over the breast may be clinically mistaken for breast carcinoma owing to their fixity to the skin. This article presents one such case and describes its cytologic appearance.
Infantile myofibromatosis: Diagnosis suggested by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Ostrowski Mary L. , Bradshaw James , Garrison Donald
Published: February 2007

A newborn male infant presented with multiple subcutaneous and parenchymal lesions. These lesions, thought clinically to represent disseminated neuroblastoma, were assessed via fine‐needle aspiration biopsy. The spindled cells and associated collagen were interpreted as a type of fibromatosis, most probably infantile myofibromatosis. This diagnosis was subsequently confirmed histologically, and the patient experienced spontaneous involution or regression of all lesions by 18 mo of age. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of this entity initially suggested on the basis of a fine‐needle aspiration biopsy specimen.
Immunocytochemical evaluation of central nervous system tumors obtained by the cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator
Authors: Finley James L. , Silverman Jan F. , Dickens M. Alan
Published: February 2007

The Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA) is a dissecting system that allows quick and effective removal of CNS tumors without traction or excessive manipulation of normal tissue. In this article, the immunoperoxidase staining patterns of cytology specimens obtained with the CUSA are compared with those from their corresponding resected surgical specimens employing a battery of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Eleven cases of meningioma, three cases of glioblastoma multiforme, one astrocytoma, and two schwannomas were evaluated. In both CUSA cytologic biopsies and surgical biopsies, all the meningiomas showed strong staining for vimentin and epithelial membrane antigen, while two showed focal staining for cytokeratins. The glioblastoma multiforme and astrocytoma cases showed positivity for vimentin, S‐100 protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein, while the schwannomas stained positively for vimentin and S‐100 protein. With only rare exceptions, the immunocytochemistry of the CUSA and surgical specimens correlated well in all of these cases in terms of strength of reaction and localization. There were no false‐positive staining reactions in the CUSA material. This study suggests that reliable morphologic and immunoperoxidase studies can be performed on cytologic material obtained by the CUSA, which could aid in making an accurate and specific diagnosis of a variety of CNS tumors.
Reactive type II pneumocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from adult respiratory distress syndrome can be mistaken for cells of adenocarcinoma
Authors: Grotte Dwight , Stanley Michael W. , Swanson Paul E. , Henry‐Stanley Michelle J. , Davies Scott
Published: February 2007

A growing body of literature illustrates that bronchoalveolar lavage is a reliable and efficient means of diagnosing primary and secondary malignancies in the lung. Its safety in severely compromised patients often makes it preferable to other biopsy procedures. However, a variety of reparative and degenerative pulmonary disorders may result in cytologic alterations so severe that pneumocytes resemble cells of malignancy. We describe four patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome from whom lavage fluid showed gland‐like groups of malignant‐appearing cells morphologically consistent with adenocarcinoma. Transbronchial biopsy sections in one case and lavage fluid electron microscopy in another showed that these pseudomalignant cells were reactive Type II pneumocytes with surface microvilli, cell junctions, and numerous cytoplasmic myelin figures. Careful clinicopathologic correlation is the best way to ensure accurate diagnosis in these cases.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in renal transplantation: A review of cytologic features
Authors: Egidi M. Francesca
Published: February 2007

Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy has been found to be a sensitive and reproducible method for kidney transplant monitoring. Cytological evaluation of the aspirates and blood samples taken concurrently were done from May‐Grünwald‐Giemsa‐ stained cytocentrifuge preparations. There were no complications related to this procedure. From the specimens it was possible to detect the immunoactivation cells and to evaluate the condition of the graft parenchymal cells, permitting diagnosis of rejection, acute tubular necrosis, and cyclosporine toxicity. Our findings corroborate other studies in the literature documenting the useful role of cytologic examination of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in renal transplantation.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of osteoclastic giant‐cell tumor of the pancreas
Authors: Silverman Jan F. , Finley James L. , MacDonald Kenneth G.
Published: February 2007

Osteoclastic giant‐cell tumor (OGCT) of the pancreas is a rare tumor. We present the fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and bile cytology findings of an OGCT arising in the head of the pancreas in a 72‐yr‐old male, along with immunocytochemical studies that were done on the cytologic material. The smears showed numerous giant cells with clustered, overlapping, uniform, bland‐appearing nuclei with prominent nucleoli consistent with osteoclastic‐type multinucleated giant cells. A second population of mononucleated cells appearing singly or in groups having similar nuclear features was also present. Immunocytochemical studies performed on the FNA and bile duct fluid material demonstrated positive staining of the malignant cells for vimentin, alpha‐1 antichymotrypsin, and alpha‐1 antitrypsin and negative staining for high‐ and low‐molecular‐weight cytokeratin, pooled monoclonal cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Although not definitive, these studies are supportive of a mesenchymal‐stromal histogenesis of this unusual pancreatic malignancy.
Aspiration cytology of hemangiopericytoma: A report on two cases
Authors: Kumar Neelam Dhingra , Misra Kiran
Published: February 2007

The cytological features of fine‐needle aspiration in two cases of hemangiopericytoma are described. The diagnosis was confirmed by cell block and the silver impregnation method, demonstrating reticulin fibers on smears as well as on the cell block. Histopathological correlation was done in both cases.
Cytology of papillary adenoma of the nipple: A case diagnosed on fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Sood Neelam , Jayaram Gita
Published: February 2007

A 45‐yr‐old woman being treated for carcinoma of the uterine cervix was found to have a right nipple nodule. Fine‐needle aspiration of the nodule showed a very cellular smear with clusters of ductal cells and many scattered naked nuclei. Papillary clusters with and without a vascular core also were present and enabled a cytological diagnosis of papillary adenoma. Excision of the lesion demonstrated the histopathologic features of a papillary adenoma of the nipple.
Osteitis fibrosa cystica (brown tumor) of the spine with cord compression: Report of a case with needle aspiration biopsy findings
Authors: Kashkari Sheila , Kelly Thomas R. , Bethem Daniel , Pepe Richard G.
Published: February 2007

A case of osteitis fibrosa cystica or brown tumor of bone in a patient presenting with acute spinal cord compression that was suggested initially by needle aspiration biopsy of the spine is described. Following the aspiration biopsy, excision of vertebral lesions, cord decompression, and spinal fusion were successfully performed. A parathyroid adenoma was subsequently identified and also resected. Along with the diagnosis of malignancy, the presence of hyperparathyroidism with osteitis fibrosa cystica should be considered in a patient presenting with lytic lesions in bone, especially if they are associated with hypercalcemia. Serum parathormone level determination is usually diagnostic of hyperparathyroidism, but this test has a 7‐10‐day turnaround time. Preoperative needle aspiration biopsy is a safe and rapid method of diagnosing osteitis fibrosa cystica and may be of critical importance in a patient with acute and progressive symptoms such as cord compression.
Retrorectal cystic hamartoma diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Young Nancy A. , Neeson Terry , Bernal Delfin , Hernandez Enrique , Grotkowski Carolyn E.
Published: February 2007

A 17‐yr‐old postpartum female presented with a large multicystic mass posterior to the rectum, thought clinically to be an abscess. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy revealed numerous squamous cells. The diagnosis of retrorectal cystic hamartoma was considered and subsequently confirmed by the surgical resection specimen. The cytologic and histologic findings are presented along with a discussion of the entity “retrorectal cystic hamartoma,” including a differential diagnosis of presacrococcygeal cysts.
Fine‐needle aspiration of a metastatic breast carcinoma in the lung with melanin pigmentation: A case report
Authors: Blaustein Rita Leff
Published: February 2007

The presence of melanin pigment in the cytoplasm of breast carcinoma cells has been reported. Fine‐needle aspiration of a solitary lung lesion in a woman who had undergone mastectomy for ductal carcinoma revealed malignant cells consistent with the primary mammary tumor; many of these tumor cells contained melanin pigment.
Thyroid tumors: Cytomorphology of medullary, clinically anaplastic, and miscellaneous thyroid neoplasms
Authors: Kaur Arvind , Jayaram Gita
Published: February 2007

Of 2,012 fine‐needle aspirations (FNAs) of the thyroid performed between the years 1984 and 1988, detailed cytomorphologic analysis of 95 cases diagnosed as neoplastic on histology and/or cytology and those that received an equivocal cytodiagnosis are presented in this article. Discussed are medullary thyroid carcinomas (nine cases), clinically anaplastic thyroid tumors (CATT; eight cases), two cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and one primary leiomyosarcoma of the thyroid, for a total of 20 cases. Included in the category of CATT are all the thyroid tumors presenting clinically with an anaplastic growth pattern. The cytomorphology of these tumors varied, but the giant‐ and spindle‐cell pattern was predominant. An accurate cytodiagnosis was possible, as per cytohistologic correlation, in seven cases, while in one case histological material was not available for study. Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) showed a mixed spindle‐cell and round‐cell population in eight cases and an entirely spindle‐cell population in one case. All cases of MCT were correctly diagnosed on cytology, and amyloid could be demonstrated in the cytologic smears in three cases. The cases of NHL and leiomyosarcoma could also be correctly interpreted on cytology.
Alimentary tract cytopathology in human immunodeficiency virus infection: A review of experience in los angeles
Authors: Strigle Stephen M. , Gal Anthony A. , Martin Sue Ellen
Published: February 2007

In the past decade, over 100,000 cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been reported in the United States. Conservative estimates suggest that 1.5 million people are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the etiologic agent of AIDS. Major metropolitan areas, such as Los Angeles, have experienced a rapid increase in the number of AIDS cases. At the Los Angeles County–University of Southern California Medical Center, we have gained significant insight into the cytologic findings associated with HIV infection. Based on our experience, we herein review the technical and morphologic evaluation of alimentary tract cytology specimens from this patient population.
Well‐differentiated liposarcoma of the paratesticular area: Report of a case with fine‐needle aspiration preoperative diagnosis and review of the literature
Authors: Palma Paolo Dalla , Barbazza Renzo
Published: February 2007

This article presents a rare case of well‐differentiated liposarcoma of the paratesticular area (spermatic cord) with a preoperative cytological diagnosis. A 0.6‐mm fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of a paratesticular lump showed many spindle and polygonal atypical cells with numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles. On the basis of a diagnosis of “malignant mesenchymal neoplasia consistent with liposarcoma,” the patient underwent radical orchiectomy. A 8 × 7 × 8.5 cm, whitish mass was found, which was histologically classified as a “well‐differentiated liposarcoma” (with lipoma‐like, sclerosing, and myxoid areas), according to the classification of Enzinger and Weiss. A review of the literature is presented.
Filamentous organisms in gastric brushings and gastric cancer diagnosis
Authors: Sanders D. S. A. , Hussein K. A.
Published: February 2007

An association between filamentous organisms and gastric carcinoma has been reported in gastric biopsies. Review of 45 Papanicolau‐stained gastric brushing specimens revealed filamentous organisms in two cases. In both cases, gastric carcinoma was confirmed on follow‐up. Cytopathologists should be aware that the identification of filamentous organisms in gastric brushings is a specific, although insensitive marker of gastric cancer.
Cytological detection of atypical cells by routine urinalysis in a cardiovascular center
Authors: Iwa Nobuzo , Yutani Chikao , Irie Akiko , Katayama Yoshiaki
Published: February 2007

During the past 9 yr, 187,529 Sternheimer‐Malbin‐stained urinary sediments were examined as routine urinalysis specimens from patients attending the National Cardiovaccular Center in Osaka, Japan. Abnormal cells were found in 20 patients who did not have clinical diagnoses of malignancy. Malignant cytological changes in 18 patients resulted in a rate of 1 case in 6,751 patients; the two remaining specimens with abnormal cells showed polyomavirus infection. This article describes our experience in the diagnosis of malignant cells of the urinary tract through the cooperation of the clinical and cytological laboratories. Since in Japan, the rate of death for bladder cancer is similar to 1 in 6,751, this method seems to be of great use in the diagnosis of urinary tract malignancies.
Cytologic and clinicopathologic features of abnormal nipple secretions: 225 cases
Authors: Johnson Terri L. , Kini Sudha R.
Published: February 2007

A case review of 225 patients with abnormal breast nipple secretions (NS) was done to determine diagnostically useful clinical and cytologic features. The cytologic specimens and medical records from all patients and 45 concurrent breast biopsies were reviewed. Nipple discharge was attributed to fibrocystic disease (FCD) in 81 cases, physiologic disturbances in 62, papillomas in 18, ductal carcinoma (CAI in 5, miscellaneous benign disorders in 14, and unknown causes in 45. Although cytologic examination of NS was very specific in identifying malignancy, the sensitivity of cytology was low. Carcinoma was diagnosed or suspected cytologically in only three of the five CA cases, with no false‐positive cytopathologic interpretations. Malignant NS were usually unilateral, hemorrhagic, mass‐associated, and in older patients. Males with nipple discharge had a significantly higher incidence of breast cancer (two of nine; 22%) than women with abnormal NS (3 of 216; 1.5%). Papilloma NS were generally unilateral and hemorrhagic; FCD and physiologic NS were mostly serous or milky. Benign NS were not cytologically distinguishable. We conclude that cytologic examination of NS is a specific but insensitive method to identify underlying malignancy. Additional clinical features, including patient age, laterality and character of NS, and radiographic findings, were found to be diagnostically useful.
Role of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in the assessment of renal masses
Authors: Cristallini Enrico G. , Paganelli Cristina , Bolis Giovanni B.
Published: February 2007

Clinical and histological control of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) diagnosis of 72 kidney masses observed between 1981 and 1988 confirmed 34 benign and 33 malignant lesions, but did not confirm four malignant and one benign lesions, giving a total diagnostic accuracy of 93.05%. The role of FNAB in selecting cases to be sent to surgery was investigated by comparing the incidence of useful surgery (for benign and primary malignant neoplasias) and the incidence of useless surgery (for nonneoplastic lesions and secondary malignant neoplasias) in nephrectomized patients who either had (group A, 27 patients) or didn't have (group B, 198 patients) preoperative FNAB. The differences were highly significant (P < 0.001). Furthermore, patients operated for malignant neoplasias (20 in group A; 117 in group B) displayed highly significant differences (P < 0.001) with respect to renal vein infiltration (1 in group A versus 22 in group B) and local‐ regional lymph node metastases (1 in group A versus 15 in group B). In conclusion, FNAB is a reliable method for selecting cases for surgery and for aiding in the diagnosis of malignant neoplasias.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney
Authors: Akhtar Mohammed , Ali Muhammad Ashraf , Sackey Kwesi , Bakry Mohammed , Burgess Anwar
Published: February 2007

A series of six fine‐needle aspiration biopsies from three patients with malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney is reviewed. The smears revealed round, polygonal, and irregularly shaped cells with large nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Some of the tumor cells contained light pink to purple cytoplasmic inclusions that correlated with the eosinophilic inclusions seen in histopathologic sections and filamentous cytoplasmic aggregates noted on ultrastructural examination. Diagnosis of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney may be suggested from aspiration biopsy smears; however, further confirmation of the diagnosis by histologic or ultrastructural examination is desirable.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of papillary hürthle‐cell tumors of thyroid: A report of three cases
Authors: Chen Karl T. K.
Published: February 2007

Papillary Hürthle‐cell tumors of the thyroid are composed of oxyphilic cells with a prominent papillary component. Their biologic behavior appears to be comparable with that of conventional papillary thyroid carcinomas. The literature on the fine‐needle aspiration cytology of these tumors is scanty. The cytologic findings of three such cases are reported here. The findings suggest that most papillary Hürthle‐cell tumors cannot be differentiated from other types of Hürthle‐cell tumors cytologically.
Carcinoma of the breast in a fibroadenoma: Diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Gupta Raj K. , Simpson John
Published: February 2007

A case of carcinoma of the breast concurrent with a fibroadenoma in a 49‐yr‐old female is described in which the diagnosis was made on fine‐needle aspiration cytology. Reports of such an occurrence are few, and to our knowledge none has previously documented the cytologic findings in detail.
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: Cytomorphology and clinical implications of fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Guarda Luis A. , Peterson C. Eric , Hall William , Baskin H. Jack
Published: February 2007

Four cases of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid were diagnosed in 1.519 thyroid aspirates. All patients had unilateral or diffuse nodular enlargement of the thyroid. One patient had a concurrent grade 1 mucinous carcinoma of the ovary. Cytologically, the neoplasms were characterized by pleomorphic giant or spindle cells with multilobulated, single or multiple nuclei. The chromatin pattern was clumped with prominent parachromatin clearing, and there were multiple prominent nucleoli. Associated papillary and follicular structures were recognized in two aspirates. All cytologic preparations were considered diagnostic of malignancy. Examination of histologic material revealed the same elements identified cytologically on the aspiration smears. Three patients died shortly after diagnosis due to massive local tumor growth in the neck. One patient, who received radiation therapy, had a prolonged survival of 30 mo, but died then of local neck recurrence. The cytologic features of anaplastic carcinoma parallel their histologic appearance. Histologic confirmation of cytologically diagnosed anaplastic carcinoma is not necessary.
Fine‐needle aspiration of gastric leiomyoblastoma metastatic to the subcutis
Authors: Kung I. T. M. , Yuen R. W. S. , Hwang S. T.
Published: February 2007

Leiomyoblastomas are rare tumors, and there have been few reports on their fine‐needle aspiration (FNA)cytologic morphology. We herein describe the FNA features of a gastric leiomyoblastoma with subcutaneous metastasis. The cells had eosinophilic cytoplasm and oval eccentric nuclei, occasionally with intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions. An organoid pattern was obvious in cell block sections. The tumor was positive for vimentin but negative for desmin, S‐100 protein, and the common epithelial markers. The histogenesis is discussed, as are reasons why this tumor is better termed epithelioid mesenchymal tumor.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of tubular carcinoma of the breast in a young woman
Authors: Gupta Raj K. , Dowle Carl
Published: February 2007

The fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) findings in a case of rare tubular carcinoma of the breast in a young woman are presented. The rarity of occurrence of tubular carcinoma in the breast and the bland and mostly orderly appearance of cells in the FNAC sample, as in tissue, were considered to cause the dificulty in the diagnosis of this tumor; also, these were features also found in other conditions of the breast. Furthermore, cytologists have limited experience with the diagnosis of this neoplasm from FNAC samples. It is therefore felt that (I) a cautious attitude is necessary when commenting on FNAC samples until more specific criteria are forthcoming for the diagnosis of this neoplasm: and (2) if cellular atypias are seen in FNAC samples, these should be reported with a recommendation for removal of the breast lump and a detailed tissue examination.
Transmucosal endoscopic needle aspiration: Utility in the diagnosis of extrinsic malignant masses of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Abdul‐Karim Fadi W. , O'Mailia James J. , Wang Ko Pen , Deeds David A. , Yang Peter
Published: February 2007

Transmucosal endoscopic needle aspiration established the diagnosis in three patients with extrinsic malignant compression of the GI tract. The technique had not been applied previously to the diagnosis of such lesions. Our initial experience shows it to be a safe and effective method.
Survey of aspiration biopsy cytology of the breast
Authors: Kline Tilde S.
Published: February 2007

Based on the team approach, the Papanicolaou method, simple equipment, and special criteria of malignancy, aspiration biopsy cytology of the breast is reviewed.
Adenocarcinomas in the cervicovaginal papanicolaou smear: Analysis of a 12‐year experience
Authors: Kim Han‐Seob , Underwood Diane
Published: February 2007

We attempted to reassess the significance of cervicovaginal Papanicolaou smear(s) in identifying adenocarcinoma (AC) by comparing Papanicolaou smears with histopathology in a pool of 188 patients. The first part of study dealt with 95 patients, seen over a 12‐yr period (1975–1986), who had tissue diagnosis of cervical or endometrial AC, all with prior Papanicolaou smears available. Of the 95 patients, Papanicolaou smears were positive and/or inconclusive for uterine AC in 37 (38.9%) and falsely negative in 58 (61.1%) patients. Of the latter, six were either positive and/or inconclusive for squamous carcinoma and moderate to severe dysplasia; thus, the effective detection rate (sensitivity) for malignancy and related condition of Papanicolaou smears was 45.3% (43 of 95). The second part of the study concerned the analysis of 130 patients with 148 Papanicolaou smear in whom cytologic diagnosis positive and/or inconclusive for AC was made during the same study period, Tissue diagnoses were available in 107 of these as follows: AC and glandular hyperplasia in 66 patients (61.7% predictive value), with 11 (10.3%) from extrauterine sources; squamous carcinoma in 12 and moderate to severe dysplasia in 5, totalling 17 patients (15.9%); miscellaneous conditions (polyps, radiation change, and glandular atrophy) in 11 patients (10.3%); and no pathologic change in 13 patients (12.1%). The effective predictive value of positive and/or inconclusive Papanicolaou smears for all malignancy and related states is 77.6%.
Role of testicular fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in the evaluation of male infertility: Cytologic and histologic correlation
Authors: Ali Muhammad Ashraf , Akhtar Mohammed , Woodhouse Nicholas , Burgess Anwaar , Faulkner Carol , Huq Mahmuda
Published: February 2007

A series of testicular fine‐needle aspiration biopsy specimens from 272 infertile men with azoospermia were reviewed and categorized according to morphologic patterns. These included active spermatogenesis, 14 (5%); hypospermatogenesis, 106 (39%); Sertoli cells only, 70 (26%); atrophic pattern, 52 (19%); and maturation arrest, 1 (0.36%). In 29 cases (11%) the amount of material was insufficient for evaluation. The histologic and cytologic findings in 52 cases showing spermatogenesis correlated very well in 52 cases for which open testicular biopsy specimens were also available. These findings indicate that fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of the testis is a reliable and useful technique for the investigation of patients with azospermia.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of orbital and periorbital masses
Authors: Glasgow Ben J. , Layfield Lester J.
Published: February 2007

We present the cytologic findings of 18 fine‐needle aspirates performed on orbital and periorbital masses. An accurate specific diagnosis was confirmed by histology in ten cases. In eight cases the diagnostic evaluation and/or therapeutic regimen was significantly altered by the results of the fine‐needle biopsy. In three cases the cytologic diagnoses obviated the need for open biopsy. Two specimens were insufficient for diagnosis. No false positive diagnoses of malignancy occurred. Electron microscopy was useful in three cases to confirm the correct cytologic diagnosis. Immunocytochemistry helped to define a lymphoid proliferation as monoclonal. The cytologic findings from an unusual case of sebaceous carcinoma are presented.
Sensitivity of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in the detection of mycobacterial infections
Authors: Qadri S. M. Hussain , Akhtar Mohammed , Ali Muhammad Ashraf
Published: February 2007

A series of 290 fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) processed for mycobacterial cultures are reviewed. The clinicopathologic features in 162 cases were suggestive of tuberculous infection and 86 (53%) of the samples in these cases were culture positive. A comparative histologic and cytologic correlation was carried out in 23 cases. Aspiration smears from caseating granulomas were composed of necrotic debris containing large numbers of polymorphonuclear cells and scattered histiocytes, epithelioid cells, and multinucleated giant cells. In cases of noncaseating granulomas, the smears revealed well‐defined aggregates of epithelioid cells without necrotic debris or significant numbers of other inflammatory cells. There was a close correlation between the histologic and cytologic diagnosis of caseating and/or noncaseating granulomalous inflammation.
Thyrolipoma: Diagnostic pitfalls in the cytologic diagnosis and review of the literature
Authors: Rollins Susan D. , Flinner Robert L.
Published: February 2007

Thyrolipoma, or adenolipoma of the thyroid gland, is an uncommon neoplasm and thus not recognized by many cytopathologists. This is the first article to describe the fine‐needle aspirate findings of a histologically confirmed thyrolipoma. The gross morphologic and computerized tomographic features of this entity are also discussed, and the literature is reviewed.
Goblet‐cell carcinoid tumor in peritoneal fluid: A case report
Authors: Wojcik Eva M. , Selvaggi Suzanne M.
Published: February 2007

An unusual case of goblet‐cell carcinoid in the peritoneal fluid of a 49‐yr‐old woman with a prior history of carcinoid tumor of the appendix is presented and discussed. Cytologic findings included clusters of uniform small cells containing nuclei with finely granular chromatin, small prominent nucleoli, and scant cytoplasm admixed with signet‐ring cells. Peritoneal biopsies contained acini and small glands lined by malignant cells with features of a carcinoid tumor. Prominent signet‐ring cells were interspersed within tumor nests. The signet‐ring cells and small glandular lumens showed strong mucin positivity. Endocrine tumor cells were argyrophil‐ and argentaffin‐positive. The histologic findings confirmed the diagnosis of goblet‐cell carcinoid involving peritoneal fluid.