bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Against a unitary clause-final focus: Evidence from Russian and Polish
Authors: Tajsner Przemysław
Published: April 2017

This article argues against Neeleman et al.’s (2009) claim that in Russian focus is unitary and uniformly clause-final. First, it is pointed out that the account presented in Neeleman et al.’s study suffers from a number of conceptual shortcomings; among them are the lack of a structural basis of the postulated “right periphery focus” or the indeterminate status of the notion of “clause-finality”. Based on a larger set of data from Russian and Polish, it is then argued that neither the facts regarding the scope of quantifiers nor the available options of split scrambling allow a clause-final focus hypothesis to be sustained. More evidence against this position is provided from focus fronting of phrasal heads and instances of multiple and complex focus. The hypothesis that the factor inducing alleged focus fronting is the presence of contrast is, in turn, confronted with cases of
Evaluative stancetaking in courtroom opening statements
Authors: Chaemsaithong Krisda
Published: April 2017

Drawing upon a corpus of five high-profile contemporary Anglo-American trials, this study explores and elucidates, qualitatively and quantitatively, the process of evaluative stancetaking in courtroom opening statements. In particular, the study examines such stance resources as self-mention, hedges, boosters, and attitude markers. The findings reveal that evaluative stance expressions constitute an integral part of the opening statements of both the prosecution and defense lawyers, exhibiting similar frequency patterns. Of these resources, devices that signal commitment or lack thereof (i. e., boosters and hedges) appear to occur frequently and outnumber explicit attitude markers, which occur least frequently. It is through these devices that lawyers are able to subtly bypass the legal constraints that prohibit explicit display of personal opinions and comments on the evidence.
The position of Piedmontese on the Romance grammaticalization cline
Authors: Miola Emanuele
Published: April 2017

The paper focuses on the pace of grammaticalization in (a number of varieties of) Piedmontese, a northwestern Italo-Romance language (which includes a regional koiné and several dialectal varieties), and compares it to the geographically closest languages conventionally discussed in the literature on the Romance grammaticalization cline (RGC): French and Italian. I examine the speed of grammaticalization in Piedmontese with respect to four grammatical domains previously analyzed for national languages in the literature on RGC, namely perfective auxiliaries, indefinite articles, demonstratives, and negation. The data show that Piedmontese varieties are on a par with, or even slightly ahead of, French along the Romance grammaticalization cline. While helping to explain why some languages appear to be more grammaticalized than others within the same genealogical family, these findings contribute to advancing our understanding of the role of language-external factors in the grammaticalization process: contact with other languages and the strength of social ties among speakers appear to be more important in favoring grammaticalization than early urbanization or the size of the speaker community.
Alternating argument constructions of Dutch psychological verbs: A theory-driven corpus investigation
Authors: Pijpops Dirk , Speelman Dirk
Published: April 2017

This article presents the results of a corpus study of the Dutch psychological verbs
Global features of online communication in local Flemish: Social and medium-related determinants
Authors: De Decker Benny , Vandekerckhove Reinhild
Published: April 2017

The present case study tests the frequency of four clusters of features of computer-mediated communication (CMC) in a written chat corpus of more than two million words, produced by Flemish adolescents living in northern Belgium. The main focus is on the correlation between the occurrence of these features and the social variables gender and age, on the one hand, and the impact of the CMC-medium, on the other. For the latter parameter, a distinction is made between asynchronous and synchronous real time conversation. While gender has received ample attention in recent research on chat and texting practices, the findings qualify the impact of this social variable, and point to age and medium as two significant determinants of the use of typical CMC-features. Finally, the results call for a systematic distinction between expressive and playful vs. more strictly functional or economical features, since precisely that distinction enhances our understanding of the attested gender and age patterns.
Two Arabic Deeds of House Lease Agreement on Papyrus
Authors: Younes Khaled
Published: April 2017

This paper studies two hitherto unpublished Arabic papyrus documents related to house leases from 3rd–4th/9th–10th-centuries Egypt. The two documents, P.Cam.Michaelides B 720 and P.Gen.inv. 610, are currently kept at the Michaelides papyrus collection at Cambridge University Library and the papyrus collection at Geneva University Library.
The development of Sūq al-Qaṭṭānīn quarter, Jerusalem
Authors: Daʿadli Tawfiq , Barbé Hervé
Published: April 2017

Following the discovery of a Mamlūk public bath and a vaulted hall to the south of the Cotton Market in the Old City of Jerusalem, this article proposes a new evaluation of the urban fabric in close proximity to the focal point of the Islamic area ‒ the Ḥaram al-Sharīf. We argue here that what once was considered a project constructed under the supervision of the district governor Saif al-Dīn Tankiz, and financed by the Sultan al-Nāṣir Muḥammad b. Qalāwūn, was in fact initiated by Tankiz. He first erected a double ḥammām, and then a Khān, which was presumably connected to a market street. In its final incarnation, the Sūq was monumental in scale, extending all the way to the Ḥaram. The final product, a market street connecting the Ḥaram with one of the main streets of the city, providing facilities to believers in the form of a double ḥammām and a Khān that served merchants and also pilgrims, was by far the most ambitious project of the Mamlūk era in Jerusalem.
From One Thousand and One Nights to Safavid Iran: A Persian Tawaddud
Authors: Stanfield-Johnson Rosemary
Published: April 2017

Shāh Ṭahmāsp Ṣafavī (r. 1524‒1576) patronized the translation of Arabic works into Persian in an effort to convert society to the Twelver Shīʿī outlook. According to modern Iranian literary history, one of the works that came to his attention for translation was
ʿAli Qoli Jebādār et l’enregistrement du réel dans les peintures dites farangi sāzi
Authors: Habibi Negar
Published: April 2017

Cet article se donne pour but d’étudier un certain nombre de peintures de l’artiste safavide ʿAli Qoli Jebādār, actif dans la deuxième moitié du XVII
Unnatural narratology and premodern narratives: Historicizing a form
Authors: von Contzen Eva
Published: April 2017

‘Unnatural’ narratology has been a thriving new field of narrative theory in recent years. What its various sub-fields share is that they are concerned, very broadly, with narratives that transcend the parameters of conventional realism. One of the field’s promises is that it can also account for earlier ‘unnatural’ narrative scenarios, for instance in ancient and medieval literature. Focusing on two recent publications by Alber and Richardson, this essay challenges the historical trajectory the movement envisages. Paying special attention to the influence of religion on premodern narratives and its implications for the concept of the unnatural, this essay argues that unnatural narratology is reductionist and adheres to a structuralist paradigm, and thus cannot do justice to the idiosyncrasies of premodern narrative forms and functions. An alternative approach to the unnatural as a dynamic form is introduced as an outlook.
Constructing the antihero: Linguistic characterisation in current American television series
Authors: Schubert Christoph
Published: April 2017

This paper investigates the ways in which immoral villains in contemporary fictional television are linguistically constructed as antiheroes that are appealing and even likeable to a wide mainstream audience. The underlying dataset comprises the first thirteen episodes of each of the three American TV seriesBreaking Bad, House of Cards, andDexter. In order to highlight the equivocal status of the protagonists, this study adopts approaches from both cognitive semantics and register theory. The blending of mental spaces in utterances by the antiheroes underlines the fact that they oscillate between diverse social and cognitive domains. In addition, the protagonists are highly versatile in accommodating their linguistic registers to alternating situational contexts. As a result, they are framed as resourceful, multifaceted, and captivating individuals in a way that accounts for the tremendous pop-cultural impact and economic success of these TV shows.
The curse of the perceptual: a case from kinaesthesia
Authors: Kolaiti Patricia
Published: April 2017

Debate in philosophy of language and linguistics has focused on conceptual representations/propositional thought; as a result there has been little discussion on the effability ofperceptualor, more generally,phenomenalrepresentations and the communicative difficulties associated with them. In this paper, I start from an example based on the relative ineffability ofkinaestheticrepresentations, i. e. representations involving bodily posture and movement, and then generalise the discussion by looking at the reasons why – even when there are no limits on either the richness of available contexts or the ways in which contextual material could be used to enrich linguistically encoded meanings – perceptual/phenomenal representations test our expressive capacities to the limit. Some recent work on linguistics suggests that the ineffability problem arises mainly with words whose linguistic meanings are tightly associated with perception. Arguing that a much wider variety of linguistic expressions can evoke phenomenal states – including proper names, whose main function is referential – I will try to show that the challenges phenomenal experience poses for our communicative abilities reach well beyond the limited range of those expressions tightly associated with emotion and perception.
Unreliable Third Person Narration? The Case of Katherine Mansfield
Authors: Murphy Terence Patrick , Walsh Kelly S.
Published: April 2017

The concept of an unreliable third-person narrator may seem a contradiction in terms. The very act of adopting a third-person stance to tell a story would appear to entail an acceptance of a basic need for truth-telling, a commitment to what Wayne Booth terms the implied author’s “norms of the work.” Nonetheless, in the essay that follows, three of Katherine Mansfield’s short stories – “A Cup of Tea” (1922), “Bliss” (1918) and “Revelations” (1920) – will be examined in order to demonstrate how the strategic suppression of the distinction between the voice of the narrator and that of the central character can lead to a strong sense of unreliability. In order to read such narratives effectively, the reader must reappraise the value of certain other stylistic elements, including the use of directives involved with directly quoted speech, seemingly minor discrepancies between adjacent sentences and, perhaps most importantly, the structure of the fiction itself. We contend that Mansfield’s use of this form of unreliable third-person fiction is her unique contribution to the short story genre.
A new approach to constructing vector splitting schemes in mixed finite element method for parabolic problems
Authors: Voronin Kirill , Laevsky Yuri
Published: April 2017

A general setting for a new approach to constructing vector splitting schemes in mixed FEM for heat transfer problem is considered. For space approximation Raviart–Thomas finite elements of lowest order are implemented on rectangular (parallelepiped) mesh. The main question discussed is how to implement time discretization so as to obtain efficient numerical algorithms.

The key idea of the proposed approach is to use scalar splitting schemes for heat flux divergence. This allows one to carry out accuracy and stability analysis on the basis of the well-known results for underlying scalar splitting schemes. A priori estimates are obtained for vector splitting schemes in two- and three-dimensional cases using the idea of flux decomposition onto divergence-free and potential components at discrete level. It is shown that splitting schemes which have been proposed by other approaches based on Uzawa algorithm’s modification and block triangular factorization are included as special cases by an appropriate choice of the underlying splitting schemes for heat flux divergence. Generalization of the discussed approach is presented for second-order hyperbolic problems. Moreover, the general idea of using splitting schemes for the flux divergence to construct splitting schemes for fluxes can be easily extended to first-order hyperbolic systems, but by now several questions still remain unsolved.
Development of an aflatoxin B1 specific molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction sorbent for the selective pre-concentration of toxic aflatoxin B1 from child weaning food, Tsabana
Authors: Semong Oratile , Batlokwa Bareki S.
Published: April 2017

This paper presents the synthesis, optimization and application of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sorbent for the selective extraction and pre-concentration of the potent toxin, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), from the child weaning food, Tsabana (manufactured in Serowe, Botswana). As a food safety regulatory measure, Tsabana must be cleared of hazardous aflatoxins, especially AFB1, before consumption. This is because AFB1 is the most common and potent of the aflatoxins commonly found in cereals. Accurate analysis of AFB1 is challenging because it exists in very low concentrations in complex, ‘dirty’ matrices such as food, making it difficult to detect using analytical instruments, even if these analytical techniques have sensitivities at the femto level. The MIP extraction sorbent synthesized in this paper deals with these challenges by selectively pre-concentrating AFB1 from real Tsabana samples, successfully achieving a pre-concentration factor of 5 and therefore significantly increasing ABF1 signal intensity for easier detection. Further advantages of this system include the short time (25.0 minutes) and reasonable optimal MIP dose (20.0 mg) needed for maximum AFB1 extraction by the sorbent. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the prepared AFB1 powder particles have spherical geometries and reasonably small sizes (800 nm), two advantageous physical characteristics that are associated with excellent sorbent materials.
Modelling of intra-urban variability of prevailing ambient noise at different temporal resolution
Authors: Alam Md Saniul , Corcoran Lucy , King Eoin A. , McNabola Aonghus , Pilla Francesco
Published: April 2017

The impact of temporal aspects of noise data on model development and intra-urban variability on environmental noise levels are often ignored in the development of models used to predict its spatiotemporal variation within a city. Using a Land Use Regression approach, this study develops a framework which uses routine noise monitors to model the prevailing ambient noise, and to develop a noise variability map showing the variation within a city caused by land-use setting. The impact of data resolution on model development and the impact of meteorological variables on the noise level which are often ignored were also assessed. Six models were developed based on monthly, daily and hourly resolutions of both the noise and predictor data. Cross validation highlighted that only the hourly resolution model having 59%explanatory power of the observed data (adjusted R2) and a potential of explaining at least 0.47% variation of any independent dataset (cross validation R2), was a suitable candidate among all the developed models for explaining intraurban variability of noise.

In the hourly model, regions with roads of high traffic volumes, with higher concentrations of heavy goods vehicles, and being close to activity centreswere found to have more impact on the prevailing ambient noise. Road lengthswere found to be the most influential predictors and identified as having an impact on the ambient noise monitors.
The Inter- and Intratextuality of Seneca the Elder’s Controversia 6.8: The Vestal Virgin Writer and her challenging persona
Authors: Stoffel Christian
Published: April 2017

In this paper, I will highlight certain literary characteristics of Seneca the Elder’s excerpt Controversia 6.8 (commonly neglected by modern scholarship), which is about an unnamed Vestal virgin accused of the crimen
incesti for having written the following allegedly biographical verse about lucky brides: felices nuptae! moriar nisi nubere dulce est. The anonymous declaimers then argue against and for the Vestal, using biographical criticism and discussing the appropriate behaviour of both a woman priest and a female writer. I will argue that the whole case, the Vestal’s allusive verse and her multilayered persona do not permit a simple (moral) reading, but, rather, possess a remarkable literary, intertextual and intratextual quality. Firstly, the Vestal is connected with the legend of Lucretia. Her character – innocent despite her polluted body – undermines the talis oratio qualis vita argumentused by the Vestal’s prosecutor, who is presented as a second Tarquinius. Secondly, the Vestal’s verse has multiple literary connotations that evoke some of Ovid’s waiting heroines in the Heroides, Sallust’s transgender persona Sempronia in his Bellum
Catilinae and Horace’s famous line dulce et decorum est pro patria mori in his Odes. Intratextually, the verse and its interpretation mirror important rhetorical and declamatory precepts given by Seneca the Elder, especially in the preface to Book One. At the same time, the Vestal seems to be the perfect personification of the lamented effeminacy and violation of contemporary rhetoric.
Vergil and the Death of Pentheus in Ovid, Metamorphoses 3
Authors: Alasdair Maciver Calum
Published: April 2017

In a pivotal article in 1990, P. Hardie illustrated that the Theban narrative of Ovid Metamorphoses 3 and 4 was the first anti-Aeneid. He did not include discussion of the death of Pentheus at the end of Book 3. In this article I show that the depiction of the Theban king’s death is bound up with key Vergilian intertexts which have a profound impact both on reading the pathos of the scene, but more importantly, on Ovid’s reconstruction of the end of the Aeneid and the death of Turnus. A seemingly clichéd simile comparing Pentheus’ sparagmos with the falling of leaves from a tree evokes the famous passage from the underworld in Aeneid 6 in which the souls of those who died prematurely are described. More importantly, in relation to Ovid’s narrative of the Theban ktisis, careful allusions to the final lines of the Aeneid in Pentheus’ death-scene act as a critical commentary on the Aeneid and the actions of Aeneas.
Der verlorene Schluss desBellum Hispaniense
Authors: Gutt Niklas
Published: April 2017

The transmission of the final book of theCorpus Caesarianum, the pseudo-CaesarianBellum Hispaniense, is problematic. After countless lacunae and desperately corrupt passages it breaks off abruptly with a speech by Caesar to disloyal provincials. The present article addresses the form and content of the lost ending with an approach that is unusual in present-day scholarship: inspired by the humanist supplements to ancient literature, such as were produced into the eighteenth century, it develops scholarly criteria for a supplement to theBellum Hispaniense. Taking its orientation from the literary properties of the transmitted text and the parallel historical tradition, the paper argues that an act of clemency under harsh conditions is a plausible ending for Caesar’s speech. The content for a supplement to the narrative of events in theBellum Hispanienseis argued to be, among other things, the conquest of the city of Urso and the reward and punishment of the provincials by Caesar. The result of the paper is presented in an exemplary application of the criteria developed, in the form of a Latin supplement.
Overview of the optimal perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy regimens used in current clinical practice
Authors: Van der Speeten Kurt , Lemoine Lieselotte , Sugarbaker Paul
Published: April 2017

Peritoneal surface malignancy (PSM) is a common manifestation of digestive and gynecologic malignancies alike. At present, patients with isolated PSM are treated with a combination therapy of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). The combination of CRS and intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy should now be considered standard of care for PSM from appendiceal epithelial cancers, colorectal cancer and peritoneal mesothelioma. Although there is a near universal standardization regarding the CRS, we are still lacking a much-needed standardization among the various IP chemotherapy treatment modalities used today in clinical practice. Pharmacologic evidence should be generated to answer important questions raised by the myriad of variables associated with IP chemotherapy.
What makes teasing impolite in Australian and British English? “Step[ping] over those lines […] you shouldn’t be crossing”
Authors: Sinkeviciute Valeria
Published: April 2017

Even though in English-speaking cultural contexts a humorous reaction to teasing seems to be highly valued, jocularity can and does sometimes occasion evaluations of impoliteness. This paper aims to examine what makes the targets and/or other ratified hearers (the third party) evaluate teasing as impolite and to observe how impoliteness (as an evaluative situated phenomenon) functions in jocular interactions in two cultural contexts – Australian and British. The data comes from two national versions of the same reality gameshow –
The relationship between irony and sarcasm: Insights from a first-order metalanguage investigation
Authors: Taylor Charlotte
Published: April 2017

The relationship between irony and sarcasm has been much discussed and yet there is still little agreement on how the two relate at a theoretical level, as Attardo (2000: 795) notes “there is no consensus on whether irony and sarcasm are essentially the same thing […] or if they differ significantly”. The aim of this paper is to take a user-perspective and report on how participants in everyday conversations in the UK and Italy talk about irony and sarcasm and what kinds of authentic behaviors are described using these labels. These findings are discussed with reference to the academic concepts of irony and sarcasm to investigate how the lay and academic perspectives relate.
Multi-component force measurement in micromachining
Authors: Marangoni Rafael R. , Schleichert Jan , Rahneberg Ilko , Mastylo Rostyslav , Manske Eberhard , Fröhlich Thomas
Published: April 2017

An experimental setup for performing micro-scratching tasks and measuring the forces involved in the process is presented
in this paper. The main component of the system is a multi-component force and torque sensor based on the principle of
electromagnetic force compensation (EMFC). With this device it is possible to perform the micromachining process itself
while simultaneously measuring the interaction forces between the tool tip and the test specimen. Experiments were
performed with specimens of polished steel, silicon and glass. Planar micro-structures could be produced and tool point
interaction forces in the order of some millinewtons were measured during the process.
Ganzheitliche dimensionelle Messung von blechmassivumgeformten
Bauteilen
Authors: Metzner Sebastian , Hausotte Tino , Loderer Andreas
Published: April 2017

Im Zuge der Erforschung und Weiterentwicklung des Fertigungsverfahrens
Blechmassivumformung wird ein geeignetes Messverfahren zur
Qualitätsbeurteilung benötigt. Dieses soll aufgrund der
Prozessanforderungen eine ganzheitliche fertigungsnahe Prüfung der
Bauteile ermöglichen. Dementsprechend ist ein Messsystem
erforderlich, das auch in unmittelbarer Prozessnähe
zuverlässig Ergebnisse von allen relevanten Bauteilmerkmalen
liefert, welche sich signifikant in ihrer Größe und Form
unterscheiden. Durch den mehrskaligen Multisensor-Ansatz, der die
Kombination mehrerer Sensoren unterschiedlicher Messverfahren,
-auflösungen und -bereichen erlaubt, konnte ein Messsystem für
die Anforderungen der neuen Fertigungstechnologie entwickelt
werden. Ein eigens angepasstes methodisches Vorgehen erlaubte eine
strukturierte Messsystementwicklung mit verschiedenen
Entwicklungszielen als Zwischenergebnis. Das resultierende
prototypische mehrskalige Multisensor-Messsystem, basierend auf drei
verschiedenen Streifenprojektionssensoren erlaubt dimensionelle
Messungen von Merkmalen, deren Größe den Messbereich eines
Sensors überschreitet. Hierdurch werden ganzheitliche Messungen
von Bauteilen der neuen Fertigungstechnologie ermöglicht.
Kapazitive Messungen in Zweiphasengemischen am Beispiel von kryogenem
Stickstoff
Authors: Kandlbinder Christoph , Fischerauer Alice , Mösch Mario , Helling Tobias , Fischerauer Gerhard , Siegl Martin
Published: April 2017

Die Ober- und Hauptstufen von Trägerraketen werden oftmals mit
kryogenen Flüssigkeiten betrieben. Im Besonderen ist es für eine
Zündung des Triebwerkes in der Schwerelosigkeit wichtig, das Verhalten
dieser kryogenen Flüssigkeiten zu beobachten. Zum Beispiel stellen
Gasblasen, welche in die Treibstoffzuleitungen gelangen und durch
Kavitation Teile des Triebwerks zerstören können, eine Gefahr für die
Wiederzündung dar. Daher haben wir ein kapazitives Messsystem für
Zweiphasengemische realisiert, welches ohne messbaren Energieeintrag
unter tiefkalten Bedingungen arbeiten kann. Dabei sind die Elektroden
so angeordnet, dass Phasenänderungen innerhalb des beobachteten
Volumens erfasst werden. Die charakteristischen Kapazitätsverläufe der
unterschiedlichen Elektrodenpaarungen wurden experimentell bestimmt
und einerseits mit Finite-Elemente-Simulationen (Ansys)
verglichen. Andererseits wurden Berechnungen zur elektrischen
Flussdichte angestellt, welche die simulierten Kapazitätsverläufe mit
theoretischen Aussagen ergänzen. Da die Messungen mit Rauschen
überlagert sind, wurde ein gleitendes Mittelwertfilter auf die
Messergebnisse angewendet. Solche experimentell ermittelten und
gefilterten Ergebnisse spiegeln die aus der Auswertung von
Videokameraaufnahmen abgeleiteten Phasengrenzen zwischen flüssigem und
gasförmigem Stickstoff (in einem umgestülpten Behältnis, das in einen
Tank voller flüssigen Stickstoffs getaucht war) mit nur geringen
Abweichungen wider. Zudem ließen sich verschiedene Prozesse wie
Verschiebungen einer makroskopischen Phasengrenze
(Füllstandsänderungen im umgestülpten Behältnis) und im flüssigen
Stickstoff aufsteigende Gasblasen anhand der gemessenen Kapazitäten
unterscheiden.
Sensorinformationen als Dienst – Baustein der vernetzten Produktion
Authors: Schmitt Robert H. , Voigtmann Christoph
Published: April 2017

In der vernetzten, adaptiven Produktion fällt der Messtechnik mit
der Aufgabe einer ganzheitlichen, validen Zustandserfassung
unterschiedlicher Produktionsszenarien eine Schlüsselposition
zu. Mit der abnehmenden Fokussierung auf die gerätetechnische
Ausprägung hin zu einem im Sinne eines „Internet of
Production“ weniger hierarchisch organisierten, adaptiven
Produktionsnetzwerks ergibt sich mit einer auf die Eigenschaften
cyber-physischer Systeme (CPS) ausgerichtete Betrachtungsweise eine Stärkung der Messtechnik. Kennzeichen solcher CPS sind
Sensoren zur multi-modalen Datenerfassung, Aktuatorik zur Interaktion
mit der Umgebung, verteilte Rechenleistung und die Fähigkeit zur
spontanen oder dauerhaften Vernetzung. Sie bilden die Grundlage
für die Erzeugung eines „digitalen Schattens“ und somit
wesentliche Bestandteile der Modelle einer darauf aufbauenden
Prozesssteuerung und -regelung. Aktuelle Trends und Herausforderungen
für die Messtechnik in der vernetzten Produktion, wie
Multi-Sensor-Systeme, Messen am Modell, virtuelle Messprozesse oder
die Integration in wandlungsfähige Produktionssysteme weiten die
Grenzen für zukünftige Anforderungen an die Messtechnik,
insbesondere hinsichtlich ihrer Flexibilität, Schnelligkeit und
Kompatibilität. Voraussetzung ist allerdings eine skalierbare,
spezifizierbare Informationsverknüpfung. Eine Antwort darauf ist
die servicebasierte Bereitstellung von Sensorinformationen, Messdaten
und Entscheidungen, welche den aufgabenspezifischen Anforderungen
flexibel angepasst werden können. Für eine derartige
Organisation der „Sensorinformationen als Dienst“ werden
Entwicklungsstufen, Umsetzungsvoraussetzungen sowie betroffene
Bereiche diskutiert.
Bestimmung der Messunsicherheit für Koordinatenmesssysteme
Authors: Franke Matthias , Kistner Thomas , Hausotte Tino , Heißelmann Daniel , Schwehn Carsten , Wendt Klaus
Published: April 2017

Koordinatenmesssysteme sind vielseitig einsetzbar zur Prüfung geometrischer Merkmale an komplexen, dreidimensionalen
Werkstücken. Eine wirkungsvolle Qualitätssicherung ist allerdings nur dann möglich, wenn ihre Eignung für die konkrete
Messaufgabe nachgewiesen ist. Die DIN EN ISO 14253

DIN EN ISO 14253-1:2013-12 (2013). Geometrische
Produktspezifikationen (GPS) – Prüfung von Werkstücken und Messgeräten durch Messen – Teil 1: Entscheidungsregeln für
den Nachweis von Konformität oder Nichtkonformität mit Spezifikationen.

fordert daher, dass die Messunsicherheit bekannt
und mit der Toleranz vereinbar ist (siehe auch Imkamp und Kistner

Imkamp, D. und
Kistner, T. (2016). Neue ISO 9001 Revision – und ihre Bedeutung für die Messtechnik in der Produktion. In 18. GMA/ITG-Fachtagung Sensoren und Messsysteme 2016, Seiten 488–492. AMA Service GmbH.

). Die Herausforderung liegt in
der Bestimmung der Messunsicherheit. Diese kann für Koordinatenmesssysteme sehr aufwendig und komplex sein, da sich
Unsicherheitsbeiträge u. a. aus dem Messgerät, dem Werkstück und der Umgebung in verschiedener Weise überlagern und sich
für die individuellen Merkmale zu sehr unterschiedlichen Messunsicherheiten addieren. Es existieren unterschiedliche
Ansätze, diese merkmalspezifischen Messunsicherheiten zu ermitteln. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt ein auf
numerischer Simulation basierendes Verfahren und stellt neue Entwicklungen vor. Diese beinhalten
unter anderem die Unterstützung von Messungen mittels taktiler Scanningtechnologie und die Berücksichtigung des
Unsicherheitseinflusses, der durch unvollständige Erfassung (Unterabtastung) der Prüfmerkmale verursacht wird. Die
Eingangsgrößen und deren Ermittlung werden beschrieben. Neben der präzisen Erfassung der Eingangsgrößen wird
auch eine vereinfachte Methode vorgestellt, die es Anwendern ermöglicht, die zu erwartende Messunsicherheit grob
abzuschätzen, ohne eine aufwendige messtechnische
Erfassung aller Einflussgrößen durchzuführen.
Simulation of microscopic metal surfaces based on measured microgeometry
Authors: Yang Haiyue , Haist Tobias , Gronle Marc , Osten Wolfgang
Published: April 2017

Lack of training data is one of the main problems when realizing optical surface inspection systems. In the best case,
provision of enough representative training samples is difficult and most of the time expensive. In some cases, it is not
possible at all. Here we present an alternative method where the surface defects are simulated. Thereby, we focus on metal
surfaces in the microscale where diffraction phenomena start to play a major role. Ray tracing and scalar diffraction
approximation methods are applied and compared.
Analepsen mit Topik-Drop. Zur Notwendigkeit einer diskurssemantischen Perspektive
Authors: Helmer Henrike
Published: April 2017

Analepses with topic-drop are frequent structures in German interaction. While hitherto the focus on analepses was a rather syntactic one, this paper deals with analeptic structures from a semantic perspective. It particularly concentrates on the semantic relations between the referents of the analepses and the prior interactional context. This analysis shows that even for rather simple analepses which just omit a constituent from the prior utterance, conceptual processes are more decisive for its interpretation than syntactic features of the antecedent constituents. This is even more the case for complex analepses that are only indirectly linked to the prior context, and for the interpretation of which hearers need to draw inferences. The paper argues that theoretical approaches like Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics can profit from adopting a semantic and conceptual perspective for the interpretation of interactional structures.
Über nein
Authors: Imo Wolfgang
Published: April 2017

While the particle ja (yes) has been analyzed extensively in both spoken and written German, its counterpart nein (no) has not received much attention. This has to do with the fact that ja is a multifunctional word that can be used as a positive responsive particle, a modal particle, a discourse marker or a tag question. In contrast, nein is usually only ascribed a narrow range of functions centering around negative responsivity particle. The aim of this article is to ask whether nein is indeed only used as a negative responsive or whether it, too, is multifunctional – and if so, what its functions are. On the basis of an empirical analysis of spoken German formal and discourse-functional properties of nein are described.
Trotzdemals Subjunktion in Geschichte und Gegenwart
Authors: Schiegg Markus , Niehaus Konstantin
Published: April 2017

This article examines the genesis and use of the German subordinate conjunctiontrotzdem.We begin by investigating the perception of this grammatical phenomenon in contemporary grammars and popular language guides. Based on analyses of corpora, both ‘from below’ and ‘from above’ (Elspaß 2015), we attempt to answer the questions of how oftentrotzdemhas appeared as a subordinate conjunction since the 19th century, whether it is a phenomenon of conceptual immediacy or distance, and what kind of regional distribution of usage can be observed. In the course of this analysis, we focus on both existing corpora and our newly compiled corpus of historical newspapers, which draws on digitized newspapers fromGoogleBooksandANNO – AustriaN Newspapers Online. The analyses show thattrotzdemappears as a subordinate conjunction throughout the periods examined. It is a supra-regional phenomenon that is used quite commonly in German, predominantly in the northern and central eastern regions, and both in the language of immediacy and distance. During the 19th century, a three-stage grammaticalization process occurred (trotz dem, daß>trotzdem/trotz daß>trotzdem), whereby compound spelling and the loss ofdaßemerged and spread; the speed of this process, however, varied in different German-speaking regions. Today, bothtrotzdemandtrotzdem dassare in use, whereby – according to our preliminary observations – the first variant is prevalent in the language of distance and the second in the language of immediacy.
Electromyographical Comparison of Muscle Activation Patterns Across Three Commonly Performed Kettlebell Exercises
Authors: Lyons Brian C. , Mayo Jerry J. , Tucker W. Steven , Wax Ben , Hendrix Russell C.
Published: April 2017

Lyons, BC, Mayo, JJ, Tucker, WS, Wax, B, and Hendrix, RC. Electromyographical comparison of muscle activation patterns across 3 commonly performed kettlebell exercises. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2363–2370, 2017—The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle activation patterns of 3 different kettlebell (KB) exercises using electromyography (EMG). Fourteen resistance-trained subjects completed a 1-arm swing (Swing), 1-arm swing style snatch (Snatch), and a 1-arm clean (Clean) using a self-selected 8 to 10 repetition maximum load for each exercise. Trial sessions consisted of subjects performing 5 repetitions of each KB exercise. Mean EMG was used to assess the muscle activation of the biceps brachii, anterior deltoid, posterior deltoid, erector spinae (ES), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris, contralateral external oblique (EO), and gluteus maximus during each lift using surface electrodes. The mean EMG was normalized using maximal voluntary contractions obtained from manual muscle testing. Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in the muscle activation patterns of the ES (Swing > Snatch), EO (Snatch, Clean > Swing), and VL (Swing > Clean) across the 3 KB exercises. We conclude that although the KB Swing, Snatch, and Clean are total body exercises, they place different demands on the ES, contralateral EO, and the VL. Therefore, KBs represent an authentic alternative for lifters, and the Swing, Snatch, and Clean are not redundant exercises.
The 1 Repetition Maximum Mechanics of a High-Handle Hexagonal Bar Deadlift Compared With a Conventional Deadlift as Measured by a Linear Position Transducer
Authors: Lockie Robert G. , Moreno Matthew R. , Lazar Adrina , Risso Fabrice G. , Liu Tricia M. , Stage Alyssa A. , Birmingham-Babauta Samantha A. , Torne Ibett A. , Stokes John J. , Giuliano Dominic V. , Davis DeShaun L. , Orjalo Ashley J. , Callaghan Samuel J.
Published: April 2017

Lockie, RG, Moreno, MR, Lazar, A, Risso, FG, Liu, TM, Stage, AA, Birmingham-Babauta, SA, Torne, IA, Stokes, JJ, Giuliano, DV, Davis, DL, Orjalo, AJ, and Callaghan, SJ. The 1 repetition maximum mechanics of a high-handle hexagonal bar deadlift compared with a conventional deadlift as measured by a linear position transducer. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 150–161, 2018—The high-handle hexagonal bar deadlift (HHBD), a variation of the conventional deadlift (CD), is said to reduce the lift range of motion, which may change the mechanics of the lift. However, no research has investigated this. This study compared the mechanics between a 1 repetition maximum (1RM) CD and HHBD. Thirty-one strength-trained subjects (21 men, 10 women) completed a 1RM CD and HHBD. A linear position transducer measured lift distance, duration, and work; and peak and mean power, velocity, and force. The presence of a sticking region (SR) was determined for each lift. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) calculated differences between 1RM CD and HHBD mechanics. A one-way ANOVA compared the mechanics of each lift between subjects who exhibited an SR or not, and the SR between the CD and HHBD. Significance was set at p < 0.01. Subjects lifted a greater load in the HHBD (154.50 ± 45.29 kg) compared with the CD (134.72 ± 40.63 kg). Lift distance and duration were 22 and 25% shorter during the 1RM HHBD, respectively. The HHBD featured greater peak power and velocity, and peak and mean force; more work was done in the CD. Most subjects did not exhibit a CD (68%) or HHBD (77%) SR. There were no differences in CD or HHBD mechanics between subjects with or without an SR, and no differences in SR region distance or duration between the CD and HHBD. Greater force can be generated in the HHBD, which could have implications for strength-training adaptations over time.
Progression in Youth Soccer: Selection and Identification in Youth Soccer Players Aged 13–15 Years
Authors: Bidaurrazaga-Letona Iraia , Lekue José A. , Amado Markos , Gil Susana M.
Published: April 2017

Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I, Lekue, JA, Amado, M, and Gil, SM. Progression in youth soccer: Selection and identification in youth soccer players aged 13–15 years.J Strength Cond Res33(9): 2548–2558, 2019—The aim of this study was to identify the factors that are important for the identification and selection of young soccer players. Ninety-four adolescent soccer players from the under-13 (U13; age = 12.3 ± 0.3 years;n= 50) and under-15 (U15; age = 14.0 ± 0.2 years;n= 44) categories belonging to a professional club participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements, physical tests (sprint, agility, endurance and jump), and maturity status (age at peak height velocity) were recorded over 4 seasons. Comparisons were performed among new players joining the club (Enter players,n= 15), players progressing to the next age category (Club players,n= 54), and players leaving the club (Deselected players,n= 25). A 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine if significant differences existed between groups and testing time. Better physical performance and improvements observed during the season in performance were found to be one of the main factors for U13 players to continue in the club (p< 0.05–0.001). In the U15 group, although body size, maturation and physical performance appeared to be the most important characteristics for being identified to play in the club (p< 0.05), Club players demonstrated better improvements during the season (p< 0.05). Overall, these results indicate that the identification or promotion of players by coaches depends on indicators which are age-dependent. Therefore, this study has shown that the talent identification program was more a selection process than a promotion process, selecting and identifying a posteriori rather than a priori.
Strength and Conditioning Training by the Danish National Handball Team Before an Olympic Tournament
Authors: Kvorning Thue , Hansen Mikkel R.B. , Jensen Kurt
Published: April 2017

Kvorning, T, Hansen, MRB, and Jensen, K. Strength and conditioning training by the Danish national handball team before an Olympic tournament. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1759–1765, 2017—The physical demands imposed on national team handball teams during the Olympics imply significant physical preparation to improve performance and reduce incidence of injuries. The purpose of this case report was to describe and analyze the strength and conditioning (S&C) training performed by the Danish national handball team before the Beijing Olympic Games. Eight weeks of S&C was divided into 5 weeks emphasizing muscle hypertrophy and long-interval running followed by 3 weeks emphasizing strength, power, and short-interval running. Body mass increased by 1.6% (p < 0.05), whereas body fat decreased by 1.0% (p < 0.05). No differences were seen in countermovement jump or jump-and-reach height (p > 0.05). Agility performance was evaluated by a T-test and improved by 2.5% (p < 0.05). Changes by 6% and 22% were seen in 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and 1RM back squat, respectively. However, only the 1RM bench press increased significantly (p < 0.05). Running performance was tested by the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test, level 2, and improved by 25% (p < 0.05). In conclusion, during 8 weeks of S&C training before the Beijing Olympics, body composition changed toward more muscle mass, better upper-body strength, better interval running, and agility performance, whereas no changes were seen in jumping or lower-body muscle strength. This case report may be used as a handy script for handball teams preparing for competition. Detailed and periodized S&C training programs for 8 weeks are provided and can be used by teams ranging from moderately to highly trained.
Movement Rate Is Encoded and Influenced by Widespread, Coherent Activity of Cerebellar Molecular Layer Interneurons
Authors: Gaffield Michael A. , Christie Jason M.
Published: April 2017

Inhibition from molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) is thought to play an important role in cerebellar function by sharpening the precision of Purkinje cell spike output. Yet the coding features of MLIs during behavior are poorly understood. To study MLI activity, we usedin vivoCa2+imaging in head-fixed mice during the performance of a rhythmic motor behavior, licking during water consumption. MLIs were robustly active during lick-related movement across a lobule-specific region of the cerebellum showing high temporal correspondence within their population. Average MLI Ca2+activity strongly correlated with movement rate but not to the intentional, or unexpected, adjustment of lick position or to sensory feedback that varied with task condition. Chemogenetic suppression of MLI output reduced lick rate and altered tongue movements, indicating that activity of these interneurons not only encodes temporal aspects of movement kinematics but also influences motor outcome pointing to an integral role in online control of rhythmic behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe cerebellum helps fine-tune coordinated motor actions via signaling from projection neurons called Purkinje cells. Molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) provide powerful inhibition onto Purkinje cells, but little is understood about how this inhibitory circuit is engaged during behavior or what type of information is transmitted through these neurons. Our work establishes that MLIs in the lateral cerebellum are broadly activated during movement with calcium activity corresponding to movement rate. We also show that suppression of MLI output slows and disorganizes the precise movement pattern. Therefore, MLIs are an important circuit element in the cerebellum allowing for accurate motor control.
ST2/IL-33-Dependent Microglial Response Limits Acute Ischemic Brain Injury
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Liu Huan , Zhang Haiyue , Ye Qing , Wang Jianyi , Yang Boyu , Mao Leilei , Zhu Wen , Leak Rehana K. , Xiao Bo , Lu Binfeng , Chen Jun , Hu Xiaoming
Published: April 2017

ST2, a member of the interleukin (IL) 1 receptor family, and its ligand IL-33 play critical roles in immune regulation and inflammatory responses. This study explores the roles of endogenous IL-33/ST2 signaling in ischemic brain injury and elucidates the underlying mechanisms of action. The expression of IL-33 rapidly increased in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes after 60 min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). ST2 receptor deficiency exacerbated brain infarction 3 d after tMCAO as well as distal permanent MCAO. ST2 deficiency also aggravated neurological deficits up to 7 d after tMCAO. Conversely, intracerebroventricular infusions of IL-33 after tMCAO attenuated brain infarction. Flow cytometry analyses demonstrated high levels of ST2 expression on microglia, and this expression was dramatically enhanced after tMCAO. The absence of ST2 enhanced the expression of M1 polarization markers on microglia/macrophages, and impaired the expression of M2 polarization markers after tMCAO.In vitrostudies on various types of cultures and coculture systems confirmed that IL-33/ST2 signaling potentiated expression ofIL-10and other M2 genes in primary microglia. The activation of ST2 on microglia led to a protective phenotype that enhanced neuronal survival against oxygen glucose deprivation. Furtherin vitrostudies revealed that IL-33-activated microglia released IL-10, and that this was critical for their neuroprotective effects. Similarly, intracerebroventricular infusions of IL-33 intoIL-10knock-out mice failed to provide neuroprotection against tMCAOin vivo. These results shed new light on the IL-33/ST2 axis as an immune regulatory mechanism that serves as a natural brake on the progression of ischemic brain injury.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis is the first study to identify the function of interleukin (IL) 33/ST2 signaling in poststroke microglial responses and neuroprotection against ischemia. Using two models of ischemic stroke, we demonstrate here that ST2 deficiency shifted microglia/macrophages toward a M1-like phenotype, thereby expanding brain infarcts and exacerbating long-term behavioral deficits after stroke. Using stroke models and variousin vitroculture and coculture systems, we further characterized a previously undefined mechanism whereby IL-33/ST2 engagement stimulates the production of IL-10 from microglia, which, in turn, enhances neuronal survival upon ischemic challenge. These results shed light on endogenous IL-33/ST2 signaling as a potential immune regulatory mechanism that serves to promote beneficial microglial responses and mitigate ischemic brain injury after stroke.