bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prehistory of Verbal Markers in Hmong: What Can We Say?*
Authors: White Nathan M.
Published: July 2021

Historical reconstruction of verbal modification in the Hmong‐Mien family remains largely untouched in the literature. The current work explores, in light of comparative data and fieldwork, the history of four verbal markers in Laotian Hmong: 1)ʃi55–/ʃi22–‘associative‐reciprocal’, 2)ti55–/tɵɐ̯55–‘single, only’, 3)ʈʂɑ̤͡ɵ̤42/t͡ʃɑ̤͡ɵ̤42‘pseudo‐passive’, and 4)tɑ͡ɵ22/tɑ̤͡ɵ̤42‘be physically able’. The verbal markerʃi55–/ʃi22–likely appeared in Proto‐Hmongic with a reciprocal meaning, whileti55–/tɵɐ̯55–is reconstructible to Proto‐Far Western Hmongic as an adverbial marker. The formʈʂɑ̤͡ɵ̤42/t͡ʃɑ̤͡ɵ̤42originates in a primary verb in Proto‐Hmongic, and later developed into a pseudo‐passive marker and copula. Finally,tɑ͡ɵ22/tɑ̤͡ɵ̤42is reconstructible to Proto‐Far Western Hmongic as a verb meaning ‘(be) strong, physically able’ that also marked ability to perform an action. This chapter should be of interest not only to Hmong‐Mienists and those working in Southeast Asia, but also to those developing working methodologies for language families lacking a long written history.
Rising healthcare expenditure on tuberculosis: Can India achieve the End TB goal?
Authors: Yadav Jeetendra , John Denny , Allarakha Shaziya , Menon Geetha R.
Published: July 2021

Objective

To examine the out‐of‐pocket expenditure (OOPE), healthcare burden, catastrophic health expenditure, hardship financing and impoverishment effects of TB treatment in India.

Methods

Data of three rounds of National Statistic Surveys 60th 2004–05, 71st 2013–14 and 75th 2017–18. Descriptive statistics, bivariate estimates and multivariate models were performed to calculate the OOPE, healthcare burden, catastrophic health expenditure, hardship financing and impoverishment using standard definitions at December 2019 price values.

Results

More than two‐thirds of the TB cases are seen in the economically productive age group (14–59 years). Illiterate patients had a higher healthcare burden and OOPE. The healthcare burden, hardship financing and catastrophic health expenditure are considerably higher for those utilising private hospitals. Male patients have a higher exposure to hardship financing than female patients. Impoverishment effects are higher among Hindus and illiterate populations due to utilisation of hospitalisation services.

Conclusion

The present analysis helps to understand the trends in the financial burden of TB on households over last 15 years, thus providing evidence to policymakers for more effective channelling of resources in order to achieve a TB‐free India by 2025.
Malasseziaotitis unresponsive to primary care: outcome in 59 dogs
Authors: Boone Johann M. , Bond Ross , Loeffler Anette , Ferguson Ewan A. , Hendricks Anke
Published: July 2021

Background

Otitis externa (OE) is a common disorder in dogs. Infection by the commensal yeast,Malassezia pachydermatis, may result in chronic disease that does not respond to standard primary care. Chronic infectious OE may be associated with otitis media (OM).

Hypothesis/Objective

To report medical management, clinical outcomes and frequency of middle ear involvement, in dogs withMalasseziaotitis unresponsive to primary care.

Animals

Fifty‐nine dogs from one referral veterinary hospital from January 2007 to September 2018.

Methods and materials

Retrospective analysis of medical records of dogs referred with chronic otitis and treated forMalasseziaotitis at a referral veterinary hospital.

Results

ChronicMalasseziaOE was treated successfully in 91% of ears, in 87% of these cases with one ear flush intervention. Median time‐to‐resolution was 27 days after ear flush intervention. Neither duration of otitis, presence of neutrophils in aural discharge nor administration of oral itraconazole affected clinical outcome.MalasseziaOM occurred concurrently in 17% of ears.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

These findings assist clinicians and carers of affected dogs in decision‐making, by documenting that most cases of canineMalasseziaotitis that have not resolved with standard primary care, can be treated successfully with a well‐staged and intense medical treatment plan.MalasseziaOM should be suspected to occur concurrently in around a fifth of affected ears.
Formulating of small‐scale farmers' perception towards climate change in arid areas: Facilitating social interventions for agricultural sustainability
Authors: Valizadeh Naser , Karimi Vahid , Fooladi Heleileh Batool , Hayati Dariush , Bijani Masoud
Published: July 2021

This study has been done with the aim of developing and validating a perceptual scale for small‐scale farmers in arid regions and also redirecting interventions towards sustainability; it was conducted in the two qualitative and quantitative phases. In the scale validation process, principal component analysis was employed to identify the latent dimensions of farmers' perceptions of climate change. The results showed that the scale of farmers' perceptions of climate change has five latent dimensions including “awareness and knowledge,” “ascription of responsibility,” “forgetfulness and optimism about the future,” “perceived risk,” and “human agency.” The results of model validation revealed that all fitness indices are at a suitable level, and this scale might be used by climate change social interventions for sustaining agricultural activities, in water‐scarce areas. Given that forgetfulness and optimism are due to the weakness of farmers' episodic memory, it was recommended that climate change social interventions be focused on improving episodic memory using episodic future thinking.
Effect of Spray-Wall Interaction on Thermoacoustic Instability Prediction by Flame Transfer Function and the Convective Time Delay Method
Authors: Meng Sheng , Zhang Man
Published: July 2021

This study numerically investigates the effect of spray-wall interactions on thermoacoustic instability prediction. The large-eddy simulations (LES)-based flame transfer function (FTF) and the convective time delay methods are used by combining the Helmholtz acoustic solver to predict a single spray flame under the so-called slip and film spray-wall conditions. It is found that considering more realistic film liquid and a wall surface interaction model achieves a more accurate phase lag in both of the time lag evaluations compared to the experimental results. Additionally, the results show that a new time delay exists between the liquid film fluctuation and the unsteady heat release, which explains the larger phase value in the film spray-wall condition than in the slip condition. Moreover, the prediction capability of the FTF framework and the convective time delay methodology in the linear regime is also presented. In general, the instability frequency differences predicted using the FTF framework under the film condition are less than 10 Hz compared with the experimental data. However, an underestimation of the numerical gain value leads to requiring a change in the forcing position and an improvement in the numerical models. Due to the ambiguous definition of the gain value in the convective time delay method, this approach leads to arbitrary and uncertain thermoacoustic instability predictions.
The Effect of Windscreens and Walkways on Air-Cooled Condenser Performance and Fan Blade Dynamic Loading
Authors: Marincowitz Fredrik S. , Owen Michael T. F. , Muiyser Jacques
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a relative comparison of the impact of cruciform screens, perimeter screens, and walkways on 3 × 6 cells forced draft air-cooled condenser's (ACC) thermal performance and dynamic fan blade loading under windy conditions. Numerical simulations were carried out for the three mitigation measures at two fan platform heights, four wind speeds, and three wind directions. The results indicate that walkways are a robust solution to ACC wind effects and offer benefits in terms of thermal performance and dynamic blade loading under all wind conditions considered. Cruciform screens offered the most effective mitigation of wind-related thermal performance deterioration under certain wind conditions, but the impact of these screens is sensitive to the wind direction. The dynamic blade loading impact of cruciform screens is variable, and these screens are not recommended for dynamic blade loading mitigation. Perimeter screens offered the most effective mitigation of dynamic blade loading and were particularly effective at high wind speeds but often exacted a penalty in terms of thermal performance at moderate to low wind speeds. The results of this study indicate that a correctly configured wind mitigation system, potentially consisting of more than one individual mechanism, could help improve thermal performance and simultaneously reduce dynamic blade loading under windy conditions resulting in a robust, wind-resistant condenser.
The Combined Impacts of Leg Geometry Configuration and Multi-Staging on the Exergetic Performance of Thermoelectric Modules in a Solar Thermoelectric Generator
Authors: Maduabuchi Chika , Singh Sarveshwar , Ozoegwu Chigbogu , Njoku Howard , Eke Mkpamdi
Published: July 2021

The performance of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) can be improved either by the adoption of multi-stage or tapered leg configuration. So far, a hybrid device that simultaneously uses both multi-staging and tapered leg geometry to improve its performance has not been conceived. Thus, we present a thermodynamic modeling and optimization of a two-stage thermoelectric generator (TTEG) with tapered leg geometries using ansys 2020 r2 software. The optimized parameters include the leg height, area, concentrated solar radiation, and external load resistance. First, the X-leg TEG only improves the performance of the trapezoidal leg TEG below a leg height of 3 mm. Beyond 3 mm, the performance of both TEGs become very similar. Long thermoelectric legs provide higher efficiencies, while short legs generate maximum power densities. To obtain maximum efficiencies, the initial leg height of the thermoelectric legs, 1.62 mm, is increased by 517.28%, while the initial leg area, 1.96 mm2, is decreased by 64.29%. Also, the proposed TTEG with tapered legs (trapezoidal and X-legs) improves the exergetic efficiency of the base case, single-stage rectangular leg TEG, by 16.7%. Furthermore, the use of tapered leg TEGs, in single and multi-stage arrangements, reduces the exergy conversion index of conventional rectangular leg TEGs by 1.89% and 0.98%, respectively. Finally, the use of tapered legs and multi-stage configurations increases the thermodynamic irreversibilities of conventional rectangular leg TEGs, thus reducing their thermodynamic stability.
The Limited Role of Pit Formed by Microjet in Evolution of Cavitation Erosion in the Incubation Period
Authors: Abouel-Kasem A. , Osman O.O. , Karrab S. A. , Ahmed S.M.
Published: July 2021

Stepwise cavitation erosion is used to study pits formed by microjets. The aim is to determine the role of the pit in the development of cavitation erosion damage, including geometrical features of the pitted area and pit counting. The study also identified the dominant feature in the development of cavitation damage. We used a vibratory cavitation apparatus to perform cavitation erosion damage on a stainless steel, SUS 304, in tap water with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 5-min intervals from t = 0 min to t = 45 min. We then analyzed and characterized the pits formed by impacting the surface with a microjet. These results showed that individual pits and clusters of pits are characterized by a black spot surrounded by plastic deformation, and both are irregular in shape. This suggests that the microjet is hitting the wear surface in an oblique direction. Over the course of the test time, neither the shape nor the size of the microjet pits and their clusters change; pit diameters approximately 2 μm or less. The area of pits and their clusters does not exceed 1% of the worn surface. All these features demonstrate that the pit and its clusters do not impact the evolution of cavitation damage. Our results also indicated that slip bands were caused by a shock wave. Slip bands are large (>10 μm) and account for about 30% of the wear surface. This confirms that slip bands are predominantly responsible for the development of cavitation; the predominant cavitation mechanism is fatigue due to multiple shock waves.
Study on Static Characteristics of Water-Lubricated Textured Spiral Groove Thrust Bearing Using Laminar Cavitating Flow Lubrication Model
Authors: Jiang Shuyun , Liu Pengfei , Lin Xiaohui
Published: July 2021

Water-lubricated hydrodynamic spiral groove bearing is a potential support way for high-speed rotary machine, but the frictional power loss of the bearing will increase with the rotatory speed. Surface texture processing should be an effective technical means to decrease the friction power loss, and other static characteristics of the bearing will be affected by the such textural surface. However, the static characteristics of water-lubricated textured spiral groove thrust bearing have not been thoroughly considered. This article aims to establish the theoretical model for the water-lubricated textured spiral groove thrust bearing under laminar cavitating flow, and field distribution and static characteristics of the bearing are analyzed using the model. A verified test indicates that the theoretical simulation agrees with the experimental value. The result shows that, with consideration of texture effect, the friction torque of the bearing is reduced, there exists an optimal texture parameter for a given film thickness, under which the bearing has the maximum load-carrying capacity, no obvious change rule is found for the volume flowrate; with consideration of the cavitation effect, the load-carrying capacity of the bearing is increased, while the volume flow and the friction torque are slightly affected. The model developed in this study lays a solid foundation for the design of the water-lubricated textured spiral groove bearing.
Deep perceptual embeddings for unlabelled animal sound events
Authors: Morfi Veronica , Lachlan Robert F. , Stowell Dan
Published: July 2021

Evaluating sound similarity is a fundamental building block in acoustic perception and computational analysis. Traditional data-driven analyses of perceptual similarity are based on heuristics or simplified linear models, and are thus limited. Deep learning embeddings, often using triplet networks, have been useful in many fields. However, such networks are usually trained using large class-labelled datasets. Such labels are not always feasible to acquire. We explore data-driven neural embeddings for sound event representation when class labels are absent, instead utilising proxies of perceptual similarity judgements. Ultimately, our target is to create a perceptual embedding space that reflects animals' perception of sound. We create deep perceptual embeddings for bird sounds using triplet models. In order to deal with the challenging nature of triplet loss training with the lack of class-labelled data, we utilise multidimensional scaling (MDS) pretraining, attention pooling, and a triplet mining scheme. We also evaluate the advantage of triplet learning compared to learning a neural embedding from a model trained on MDS alone. Using computational proxies of similarity judgements, we demonstrate the feasibility of the method to develop perceptual models for a wide range of data based on behavioural judgements, helping us understand how animals perceive sounds.
Diet-regulated production of PDGFcc by macrophages controls energy storage
Authors: Cox Nehemiah , Crozet Lucile , Holtman Inge R. , Loyher Pierre-Louis , Lazarov Tomi , White Jessica B. , Mass Elvira , Stanley E. Richard , Elemento Olivier , Glass Christopher K. , Geissmann Frederic
Published: July 2021

Macrophages: key mediators of fat storage

Recent work has suggested that macrophages may regulate adiposity, but the mechanisms underlying this process remain unresolved. Cox
et al.
report that a macrophage-derived growth factor, Pvf3, and its receptor on fat body cells are needed for lipid storage in fruit fly larvae (see the Perspective by O'Brien and Domingos). The mouse Pvf3 ortholog, PDGFcc, was similarly required to store fat in newborn and adult mice. When PDGFcc was blocked or deleted, food intake and absorption were normal, but mice increased their energy expenditure partly due to enhanced brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. PDGFcc was produced exclusively by fat-resident macrophages rather than by those mediating inflammation and insulin resistance. This work may inform future treatments for lipodystrophy, cachexia, and obesity.

Science
, abe9383, this issue p.
eabe9383
; see also abj5072, p.
24
Toward polymer upcycling—adding value and tackling circularity
Authors: Korley LaShanda T. J. , Epps Thomas H. , Helms Brett A. , Ryan Anthony J.
Published: July 2021

Plastics have revolutionized modern life, but have created a global waste crisis driven by our reliance and demand for low-cost, disposable materials. New approaches are vital to address challenges related to plastics waste heterogeneity, along with the property reductions induced by mechanical recycling. Chemical recycling and upcycling of polymers may enable circularity through separation strategies, chemistries that promote closed-loop recycling inherent to macromolecular design, and transformative processes that shift the life-cycle landscape. Polymer upcycling schemes may enable lower-energy pathways and minimal environmental impacts compared with traditional mechanical and chemical recycling. The emergence of industrial adoption of recycling and upcycling approaches is encouraging, solidifying the critical role for these strategies in addressing the fate of plastics and driving advances in next-generation materials design.
Draft Genome Sequence of Enterococcus mundtii SCPM-O-B-8398 (E28), Isolated from Fermented Milk in the Moscow Region, Russian Federation
Authors: Teymurazov Marat G. , Abaimova Аlena А. , Kislichkina Angelina A. , Tazina Olga I. , Perelygin Vladimir V. , Pokhilenko Viktor D. , Svetoch Edward A. , Kartsev Nikolay N.
Published: July 2021

We report the draft genome sequence of the bacteriocin-producing
Enterococcus mundtii
strain SCPM-O-B-8398 (E28), which was isolated from fermented milk in the Moscow region, Russian Federation.
Complete Genome Sequences of Three
Clostridiales
R-7 Group Strains Isolated from the Bovine Rumen in New Zealand
Authors: Mahoney-Kurpe Sam C. , Palevich Nikola , Noel Samantha J. , Kumar Sandeep , Gagic Dragana , Biggs Patrick J. , Janssen Peter H. , Attwood Graeme T. , Moon Christina D.
Published: July 2021

Members of the
Clostridiales
R-7 group are abundant bacterial residents of the rumen microbiome; however, they are poorly characterized. We report the complete genome sequences of three members of the R-7 group, FE2010, FE2011, and XBB3002, isolated from the ruminal contents of pasture-grazed dairy cows in New Zealand.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two
Cadophora
Strains Isolated from Water and a Nonalcoholic Beverage Ingredient
Authors: Stefanovic Ewelina , Scully Colm , Roader Jimmy , Murphy Finbarr , Houbraken Jos , Vu Duong
Published: July 2021

Members of the fungal genus
Cadophora
are isolated from a variety of habitats, including plants, soil, water, food, and indoor environments. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of two strains,
Cadophora malorum
M34 and
Cadophora
sp. strain M221.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Cluster B4 Mycobacteriophage Lolalove, Isolated in Charleston, South Carolina
Authors: Byrum Christine A. , Rozier Hannah Marie , Allison Toni E. , Ballou Emilia , Bergen Lauren , Chamness Reilley A. , Davis Madison E. , DiBenedetto Mouna S. , Elston Nathaniel C. , Graham Lyric A. , Haigh Keiana L. , Jansen Tessa M. , Kostur Gabrielle S. , Larson Nicholas A. , Lewis Fiona L. , Negroni Carlo , Rupert Isabella V. , Wood Isabel S. , Zimmerman Anastasia M. , Delesalle Veronique A.
Published: July 2021

Lolalove, a B4 subcluster soil bacteriophage of
Mycobacterium smegmatis
, was isolated in Charleston, South Carolina. It possesses a 71,111-bp linear double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome with 99 protein-coding genes and a GC content of 68.9%. Whole-genome BLASTn alignments indicate high sequence identity to the related B4 subcluster
M. smegmatis
phages BrownCNA, Mithril, and Hangman.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Chitin-Degrading Psychrotolerant Bacterium Pedobacter jejuensis TN23, Isolated from Antarctic Soil
Authors: Cho Ahnna , Cho Yong-Joon , Kim Ok-Sun
Published: July 2021

Pedobacter jejuensis
TN23 was isolated from soil from Terra Nova Bay, Victoria Land, Antarctica. The assembled draft genome size is 4,795,808 bp, and it contains a total of 4,095 genes with 3,970 coding sequences, including genes putatively involved in the degradation of chitin.
Supplemental Material: A model involving amphibolite lower crust melting and subsequent melt extraction for leucogranite generation
Authors: Wang Liqiang , al et.
Published: July 2021

Table S1: Isotopic data of U-Pb age determinations on zircons of the Anglonggangri biotite-muscovite and garnet-muscovite granites; Table S2: 40Ar-39Ar dating results for muscovite from the pegmatite in the Anglonggangri area; Table S3: Whole-rock major and trace element compositions of the Anglonggangri biotite-muscovite and garnet-muscovite granites; Table S4: Whole-rock Pb isotopic compositions of the Anglonggangri biotite-muscovite and garnet-muscovite granites; Table S5: Zircon in situ Lu-Hf isotopic compositions of the Anglonggangri biotite-muscovite granite; Table S6: Partition coefficients and assumed magma source compositions used in geochemical modeling; Table S7: Partition coefficients and assumed compositions used in geochemical modeling and the calculated results.
Role of early management of hyperornithinaemia‐hyperammonaemia‐homocitrullinuria syndrome in pregnancy
Authors: Billingham Matthew James , Rizk Rania
Published: July 2021

Hyperornithinaemia-hyperammonaemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome is a rare inherited metabolic disorder of the urea cycle. Few reports exist to guide practices during pregnancy and fetal delivery. Yet, with affected patients often surviving into reproductive age, appropriate management of the peripartum phase is essential to ensure positive maternal and fetal outcomes.

Reassuringly, the vast majority of offspring of parturients with HHH syndrome have normal developmental outcomes; yet as seen here, fetal growth restriction does appear more frequently. Furthermore, in addition to the absent fetal corpus callosum observed in this case, other fetal cerebral abnormalities, including speech delay and intellectual impairment, have been recognised.

Unregulated dietary intake is one proposed factor for the observed disruption in fetal growth and early cerebral development. These stipulations not only reinforce the importance of extensive planning and teamwork, but also demonstrate the importance of timely intervention by a metabolic dietician and dietary compliance in the early organogenesis stage of pregnancy.
Jamestown Canyon virus-mediated meningoencephalitis with unusual laboratory findings
Authors: Kumar Dilpat , Hans Anmol , Warsha Fnu , Helmstetter Nicholas
Published: July 2021

Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) is a mosquito-borne orthobunyavirus that causes an acute febrile illness, meningitis or meningoencephalitis. Human infections in the USA are rare. A 59-year-old man was admitted with fever, headache and hallucinations and required transfer to intensive care due to worsening agitation. Lumbar puncture was significant for neutrophilic pleocytosis, low glucose and high protein. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) bacterial cultures were negative, however, the CSF analysis via ELISA returned positive for JCV IgM. Plaque reduction neutralisation tests on a serum sample revealed IgM for JCV with titres of 1:160, which confirmed the diagnosis of JCV meningoencephalitis as the titres for other arboviruses were low. The patient improved significantly with supportive care. Our case highlights an atypical laboratory presentation of neutrophilic pleocytosis on CSF in a viral meningoencephalitis and draws attention to the potential cross-reactivity with other arboviruses.
Postauricular swelling secondary to salmonella extradural abscess in a toddler: a near miss condition
Authors: Lim Chee Chean , Saniasiaya Jeyasakthy , Kulasegarah Jeyanthi
Published: July 2021

Postauricular swelling is usually encountered in an emergency setting in otorhinolaryngology, resulting from complication of acute or chronic suppurative otitis media. Besides that, postauricular swelling may occur secondary to various other conditions including infectious disease, tumour, vascular malformation, granulomatous condition and even trauma. Children less than 2 years old are prone to fall and up to 10% sustain traumatic brain injury without any obvious signs of neurological deficit. We describe a rare case of a postauricular swelling in a toddler which turned out to be salmonella extradural abscess from an infected traumatic haematoma. The importance of high clinical suspicion especially in a child with a history of fall cannot be emphasised more because a missed brain abscess could lead to potentially life-threatening problems. We would like to highlight that meticulous history taking along with prompt assessment and intervention is prudent for a better prognosis and recovery.
Management of functional communication, swallowing, cough and related disorders: consensus recommendations for speech and language therapy
Authors: Baker Janet , Barnett Caroline , Cavalli Lesley , Dietrich Maria , Dixon Lorna , Duffy Joseph R , Elias Annie , Fraser Diane E , Freeburn Jennifer L , Gregory Catherine , McKenzie Kirsty , Miller Nick , Patterson Jo , Roth Carole , Roy Nelson , Short Jennifer , Utianski Rene , van Mersbergen Miriam , Vertigan Anne , Carson Alan , Stone Jon , McWhirter Laura
Published: July 2021

Communication problems (eg, dysphonia, dysfluency and language and articulation disorders), swallowing disorders (dysphagia and globus), cough and upper airway symptoms, resulting from functional neurological disorder (FND), are commonly encountered by speech and language professionals. However, there are few descriptions in the literature of the most effective practical management approaches. This consensus document aims to provide recommendations for assessment and intervention that are relevant to both adults and young people. An international panel of speech and language professionals with expertise in FND were approached to take part. Participants responded individually by email to a set of key questions regarding best practice for assessment and interventions. Next, a video conference was held in which participants discussed and debated the answers to these key questions, aiming to achieve consensus on each issue. Drafts of the collated consensus recommendations were circulated until consensus was achieved. FND should be diagnosed on the basis of positive clinical features. Speech and language therapy for FND should address illness beliefs, self-directed attention and abnormal movement patterns through a process of education, symptomatic treatment and cognitive behavioural therapy within a supportive therapeutic environment. We provide specific examples of these strategies for different symptoms. Speech and language professionals have a key role in the management of people with communication and related symptoms of FND. It is intended that these expert recommendations serve as both a practical toolkit and a starting point for further research into evidence-based treatments.
Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia attenuates ischemic limb injury by promoting angiogenesis in mice
Authors: Tian Yanming , Zhang Li , Guo Xinqi , Gao Zheng , Zhang Yi , Zhang Liping , Hou Zhiyong
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) against limb ischemic injury. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: limb ischemic injury group (Ischemia, induced by ligation and excision of the left femoral artery), limb ischemia following CIHH pretreatment group (CIHH+Ischemia, simulated a 5000 m altitude hypoxia, 6 h per day for 28 days, before induction of hind-limb ischemia), and sham group (Sham). The blood flow in the mouse models of hind-limb ischemia was examined using laser doppler imaging. The functional and morphological performance of ischemic muscle was evaluated using contraction force and hematoxylin–eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. Angiogenesis was determined by immunohistochemistry staining of the endothelial markers CD31 and CD34. The protein expressions of angiogenesis-related genes were detected using Western blot assay. Chronic ischemia resulted in reduced blood perfusion, decreased contraction tension, and morphological destruction in gastrocnemius muscle. CIHH pretreatment increased the contractile force and muscle fiber diameter and decreased necrosis and fibrosis of the ischemic muscle. Also, CIHH significantly increased the density of CD31+ and CD34+ cells and promoted the expression of angiogenesis-related molecules in ischemic muscle. These data demonstrate that CIHH has a protective effect against chronic limb ischemia by promoting angiogenesis.
Lumps and rogue waves on the periodic backgrounds for a (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation in a Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain
Authors: Du Xia-Xia , Tian Bo , Qu Qi-Xing , Zhang Chen-Rong , Chen Su-Su
Published: July 2021

Spin excitations for the magnetic materials are used in the nonlinear signal processing devices and microwave communication systems. Under consideration in this paper is a [Formula: see text]-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation which describes the spin dynamics for a Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain. Through a reduced transformation, we convert such an equation into the [Formula: see text]-dimensional focusing NLS equation. Via the rogue-periodic solutions associated with two types of the Lie symmetry transformations of the NLS equation, we present the lump- and rogue-periodic solutions. Besides, the lump and mixed lump-soliton solutions are deduced. We graphically investigate the lump- and rogue-periodic waves and find that the amplitudes of the lumps and rogue waves are negatively related to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]; the distances between two valleys of the lumps and widths of the rogue waves are affected by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the uniaxial crystal field anisotropy parameter, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are related to the bilinear exchange interaction, [Formula: see text] is the lattice parameter.
A Proposed Technique to Improve the Performance of Receiver by Using Linear Gm-C Low-Pass Filter for mmwave Band Applications
Authors: Yadav Pritesh Kumar , Verma Ankita , Misra Prasanna Kumar
Published: July 2021

Deep submicron CMOS technology proves to be suitable for transceiver design at mmwave band frequencies. At the same time, it has been a challenging task to obtain high performance at mmwave frequencies. In this paper, a 28[Formula: see text]GHz low-IF receiver frontend with improved performance by incorporating a proposed linear Gm-C low-pass filter (LPF) is presented using 40[Formula: see text]nm CMOS technology targeting for 5G wireless system. A mathematical expression for the linearity of the proposed filter is derived and compared with the basic filter model. The improved linearity (IIP3 of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dBm) of the proposed filter results in the enhancement of linearity and hence the Figure of Merit (FOM) of the receiver with the proposed filter. The receiver attains a conversion gain of 34.6[Formula: see text]dB, a noise figure of 3.1[Formula: see text]dB and IIP3 of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dBm. The total current drawn by the receiver is 27.3[Formula: see text]mA at a 1.2[Formula: see text]V power supply. The overall FOM of the receiver with the proposed filter is improved to 0.30 whereas the FOM of the receiver with the basic filter model is 0.13. The area of the receiver is [Formula: see text] whereas the proposed filter occupies [Formula: see text].
EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND PRIMARY REPAIR OF A RARE INJURY OF SUPERFICIAL MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT OF KNEE: STENER-TYPE LESION
Authors: Agarwal Shubham , Singh Nirottam , Jain Hemant , Raichandani Kishore
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Medial Collateral ligament (MCL) is the primary stabilizer of knee joint against valgus stress force. Sprains of MCL are fairly common due to any injury and are treated conservatively most of the time. These have been classified by Hughston in grades I, II and III based on the severity. While grades I and II mostly have only sprain of the ligament, grade III is complete tears and may warrant surgical correction. Stener-type lesion is a rare finding seen with grade III MCL injuries. Here, superficial MCL (sMCL) tears at its distal insertion and is retracted upwards leading to pes anserinus tendon to lie in between the bed and its distal end. This does not allow the MCL tendon to regain its attachment to bed and needs surgical correction. Material/Methods: We report five patients who presented to us with stener-like lesion. They were then operated with repair of MCL tendon and its reattachment to the Tibial bed using similar techniques. Pre-procedure outcome values (Lysholm score and KOOS score) were evaluated and the patients were followed up for 1 year. At the final follow up, final outcome values were calculated along with complete clinical examination was done. Results: All five patients were fully satisfied and reported no problems in resuming work and daily activities. Clinical evaluation was done and there was reported no joint laxity or opening of joint line with varus/valgus stress conditions. There was a complete range of motion reported in all patients. There was no limping/misalignment or gait disturbances reported at the end of follow up in any of the patients. Conclusion: Stener-type lesion of knee is rare and is needed to be explored further. Our study emphasizes the early diagnosis and surgery with excellent results of cases reported in due course of time. Very limited literature is currently available for this severe sMCL injury. Thus, longer studies involving a larger number of cases and extended follow up are needed in future to explore the ways of early diagnosis and various treatment options further.
Multi-modality Search and Recommendation on Palestinian Cultural Heritage Based on the Holy-Land Ontology and Extrinsic Semantic Resources
Authors: Maree Mohammed , Rattrout Amjad , Altawil Muhanad , Belkhatir Mohammed
Published: July 2021

The Cultural Heritage (CH) sector and its associated tourism services have been affected notably by the advancement of the Internet as well as the explosive growth of smartphones and other handheld devices. These days, visitors can access reliable CH content using Web and mobile-based interfaces. However, conventional CH systems still lack the ability to provide meaningful semantically overt results that precisely meet user information needs in this domain. In addition, they often ignore the user search context and experience, which hinders their ability to adapt their behavior to the preferences, tasks, interests, and other user functionalities. In this article, we aim to address the issue of designing a precision-oriented multilingual and multi-criteria semantic-based mobile recommender system specifically targeting Palestine's CH, a country with great historical and cultural importance. We aim to better facilitate users’ access to CH content by providing them with multiple search functionalities. In this context, a user can search for relevant information using keywords (a.k.a. tags) or sentence-like queries and the system retrieves all relevant documents based on their semantic similarity. A second option is to search using current location information to retrieve correlated historical places and events. Finally, starting from a picture of interest, a third option makes it possible to extract captions describing its content that can be used to search for additional contextually relevant information. Additionally, the proposed system aims at personalizing users’ experience through progressively delivering output that meets their information needs based on a number of parameters such as users' logging data, interests, previous searches, and location-based information. A prototype of the proposed system has been developed and tested using Android smartphones and a manually constructed ontology enriched with CH links to the Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) and DBpedia. By comparing our system with similar systems in this domain, findings demonstrate that it provides additional search features and functionalities to users. The proposed Holy-Land ontology is the first of its kind attempting to encode knowledge about Palestine's CH. It plays a crucial role in our proposal, serving as a pivotal entity in the combination of language-based, location-based, and visual-based retrieval strategies.
Mechanisms of the effect of oxidative phosphorylation deficiencies on the skeletal muscle bioenergetic system in patients with mitochondrial myopathies
Authors: Korzeniewski Bernard
Published: July 2021

A mechanism of the OXPHOS deficiencies-induced changes of the skeletal muscle bioenergetic system in patients with mitochondrial myopathies (MM), namely, appearance of the slow component of the V̇o2 on-kinetics at relatively low work intensities, slowed primary phase II of the V̇o2 on-kinetics, lowered V̇o2max, and lactic acidosis is proposed. It involves a decrease in OXPHOS activity acting through the “Pi double-threshold” mechanism of muscle fatigue comprising initiation of the additional ATP usage and termination of exercise.
Sex differences in the physiological responses to exercise-induced dehydration: consequences and mechanisms
Authors: Wickham K. A. , McCarthy D. G. , Spriet L. L. , Cheung S. S.
Published: July 2021

Physiological strain during exercise is increased by mild dehydration (∼1%–3% body mass loss). This response may be sex-dependent, but there are no direct comparative data in this regard. This review aimed to develop a framework for future research by exploring the potential impact of sex on thermoregulatory and cardiac strain associated with exercise-induced dehydration. Sex-based comparisons were achieved by comparing trends from studies that implemented similar experimental protocols but recruited males and females separately. This revealed a higher core temperature (Tc) in response to exercise-induced dehydration in both sexes; however, it seemingly occurred at a lower percent body mass loss in females. Although less clear, similar trends existed for cardiac strain. The average female may have a lower body water volume per body mass compared with males, and therefore the same percent body mass loss between the sexes may represent a larger portion of total body water in females potentially posing a greater physiological strain. In addition, the rate at which Tc increases at exercise onset might be faster in females and induce a greater thermoregulatory challenge earlier into exercise. The Tc response at exercise onset is associated with lower sweating rates in females, which is commonly attributed to sex differences in metabolic heat production. However, a reduced sweat gland sensitivity to stimuli, lower fluid output per sweat gland, and sex hormones promoting fluid retention in females may also contribute. In conclusion, the limited evidence suggests that sex-based differences exist in thermoregulatory and cardiac strain associated with exercise-induced dehydration, and this warrants future investigations.
The Impact of Geopolitical Risk on Systemic Risk Spillover in Commodity Market: An EMD‐Based Network Topology Approach
Authors: Ding Zhijing , Zhang Xu
Published: July 2021

Since the financialization of commodities, portfolio investments have become an important tool for investors to diversify risks. However, due to the nonlinear fluctuations brought about by extreme events, investors face more difficulties in the choice of risk portfolio. We adopt empirical mode decomposition and STVAR model, along with the basis data of optimized original sample interval. In addition, we retain the mature research of multiscale systemic risk under frequency and divide the dimension of systemic risk into two states. When frequency is combined with states, the risk spillover center undergoes subversive changes, particularly in the longest term, and metals become the risk spillover center, substituting the energy commodity, on the condition that the compositions of extreme value add persuasive power to the perspective of long term. We proposed that the joint fluctuation of agricultural commodities and energy commodities makes the former become another important risk spillover point. For investors, holding period and portfolio both need to be considered.
[Retracted] Simulation Study on the Influence of Fire Partition on Curtain Wall Temperature in Super High‐Rise Buildings in China
Authors: Zhang Tongtong , Cao Di
Published: July 2021

The poor fire resistance characteristic of super high‐rise curtain wall makes the curtain wall design one of the main approaches to improve its capacity for prevention and control over fire and smoke spread. The propagation of smoke leads to the increase in the temperature of the curtain wall on the upper and lower floors of the fire floor and consequently leads to glass fracture and other serious consequences. Current codes have control over fire resistance performance and size of fire partition materials but do not include requirements on the position of curtain walls on floors. By changing the position of fire partition in curtain walls, the paper carries out three comparative simulation experiments on two forms of fire partition: spandrel and fire prevention cornice. Besides, PyroSim is used to calculate the comparative simulation of fire and smoke spread and obtain the data on temperature variation nephogram and monitoring points in the center line of glass curtain walls during different fire scenarios, so as to discuss the influence of different positions of spandrels and fire canopy on fire hazard and smoke. This study finds out the following: fire canopy can better prevent the longitudinal spread of fire smoke than spandrels. The fire canopy above spandrels can reduce the flue‐gas temperature. The higher the spandrels above floors, the faster the temperature of the central lines of glass curtain walls above fire floors reduced. However, the higher the spandrels above floors, the more uneven the distributions of high‐temperature regions and low‐temperature regions, thus leading to the increase in horizontal temperature differences of glass panels. This research conclusion can be taken as a reference for fire protection design of super high‐rise glass curtain wall.
GIS‐Based Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Information, Frequency Ratio, and Artificial Neural Network Methods in Qinghai Province, Northwestern China
Authors: Li Bin , Wang Nianqin , Chen Jing
Published: July 2021

Landslides are one of the nature hazards causing a lot of casualties and property losses in the world. Over the last decades, many researchers have made contributions in landslide susceptibility maps using qualitative and quantitative methods. Parameters of DEM, geology, etc. are selected to analyze the mechanism of landslides. The quality of data is essential in the landslide studies, and more credible results can be obtained if the data is adequate and accurate from the wide range of parameters. The aim of this study is to evaluate the landslide susceptibility of Huangyuan County of Qinghai. Through field investigations, 100 landslide disaster locations in the study area were selected, and 11 influencing factors including elevation, slope, aspect, plane curvature, profile curvature, road distance, river distance, fault distance, stratum rock property, vegetation coverage index, and terrain humidity index were selected as the influencing factors of landslide disaster based on GIS. In this paper, the information method (IM) model, frequency ratio (FR) model, and artificial neural network (ANN) model are used to evaluate the susceptibility of geological hazards, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of disaster points at different levels is used to test the evaluation accuracy of three models. The results show that factors that have great influence on landslides are associated with witness, and the terrain humidity index has the highest weight in the occurrences of landslide. The values of AUC indicate that the ANN model is the best evaluation model suitable for the study area and can be extremely useful for landslide hazard mitigation strategies. Based on the calculation of ANN model, three valley areas are determined with high landslide susceptibility, and necessary reinforcement measures should be taken.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Pressure Fluctuation in a Low‐Specific‐Speed Centrifugal Pump with a Gap Drainage Impeller
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Hui , Xu Hong , Shi Weidong , Yang Yang , Wang Wanhong , Zhou Ling
Published: July 2021

In order to analyze the effect of impeller with different slot widths on the performance of the low‐specific‐speed centrifugal pumps, based on the impeller of a single‐stage pump with the specific speed of 21, two gap drainage schemes with slot widths of 1.5 mm and 6.0 mm, slot diameter of 180 mm, and lap length of 5 mm were designed. Both experimental and numerical simulation methods were applied to compare the steady performance, which includes the head, efficiency, and the internal flow field distribution, and the unsteady pressure pulsation performance between new designed pumps and the original pump. The results show that gap drainage would cause a certain degree of head reduction, but a smaller slot width could achieve higher efficiency. Meanwhile, a reasonable open seam scheme can reduce the development of pressure pulsation, which provides experience and reference for the stable operation of low‐specific‐speed centrifugal pumps.
Experimental Study on Damage and Failure of Coal-Pillar Dams in Coal Mine Underground Reservoir under Dynamic Load
Authors: Yao Qiangling , Yu Liqiang , Chen Ning , Wang Weinan , Xu Qiang
Published: July 2021

The stability of coal-pillar dams in underground hydraulic engineering works is affected not only by long-term water erosion but also by dynamic loading induced, for example, by roof breaking or fault slipping. In this paper, the water absorption characteristics of coal samples from western China were studied by nondestructive immersion tests, and a high-speed camera was used to monitor SHPB tests on samples of varying water content and subjected to various strain rates. Besides, the coal-pillar dam is numerically simulated based on the experimental data and the actual engineering conditions. The results show that, given low strain rate and high water content, the compaction stage accounts for most of the stress-strain curve, whereas the elastic stage accounts for only a relatively small fraction of the stress-strain curve. The dynamic compressive strength and elastic modulus follow exponential and logarithmic functions of strain rate, respectively, exhibiting a significant positive correlation. As the water content increases, the dynamic elastic modulus increases almost linearly, and the compressive strength decreases gradually. Under the same impact load, samples with greater water content fail more rapidly, and the failure is exacerbated by the propagation of parallel cracks to staggered cracks. The average size of coal fragments decreases linearly with increasing strain rate and water content. Simulations indicate that dynamic loading increases the stress concentration on both sides of the dam and expands the high-stress area and plastic zone. The results provide guidance for designing waterproof coal pillars and underground reservoir dams.