bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A high‐frequency greenhouse gas flux analysis tool: Insights from automated non‐steady‐state transparent soil chambers
Authors: Themistokleous George , Savvides Andreas M. , Philippou Katerina , Ioannides Ioannis M. , Omirou Michalis
Published: September 2024

Non‐steady‐state chambers are widely employed for quantifying soil emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O. Automated non‐steady‐state (a‐NSS) soil chambers, when coupled with online gas analysers, offer the ability to capture high‐frequency measurements of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. While these sampling systems provide valuable insights into GHG emissions, they present post‐measurement challenges, including the management of extensive datasets, intricate flux calculations, and considerations for temporal upscaling. In this study, a computationally efficient algorithm was developed to compute instantaneous fluxes and estimate diel flux patterns using continuous, high‐resolution data obtained from an a‐NSS sampling system. Applied to a 38‐day dataset, the algorithm captured concurrent field measurements of CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes. The automated sampling system enables the acquisition of high‐frequency data, allowing the detection of episodic gas flux events. By using shape‐constrained additive models, a median percentage deviation (bias) of −1.031 and −4.340% was achieved for CO2 and N2O fluxes, respectively. Simpson's rule allowed for efficient upscale from instantaneous to diel flux values. As a result, the proposed algorithm can rapidly and simultaneously calculate CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes, providing both instantaneous and diel values directly from raw, high‐temporal‐resolution data. These advancements significantly contribute to the field of GHG flux measurement, enhancing both the efficiency and accuracy of calculations for a‐NSS soil chambers and deepening our understanding of GHG emissions and their temporal dynamics.
Noncompressive myelopathy in acute community‐acquired bacterial meningitis: Report of seven cases and review of literature
Authors: Drost Evelien H. G. M. , Chekrouni Nora , Brouwer Matthijs C. , van de Beek Diederik
Published: September 2024

Background and purpose

Bacterial meningitis is a severe disease with high rates of complications and unfavorable outcome. Complications involving the spinal cord are rarely reported.

Methods

Cases of noncompressive myelopathy were identified from a nationwide cohort study of adults with community‐acquired bacterial meningitis in the Netherlands. The American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale was used to classify the severity of spinal cord dysfunction. Subsequently, we reviewed the literature on noncompressive myelopathy as a complication of bacterial meningitis.

Results

Noncompressive myelopathy was reported in seven of 3047 episodes of community‐acquired bacterial meningitis (0.2%). The median age of these patients was 51 years (range = 17–77). Causative pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae in three, Streptococcus agalactiae in two, and Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae both in one. Paresis of legs (n = 6) or arms and legs (n = 1) was the presenting symptom, occurring after a median duration of 9 days after admission (range = 2–28). Spinal magnetic resonance imaging showed T2‐weighted abnormalities of the spinal cord in six of seven patients. Improvement of spinal cord function during admission was noted in four of seven patients. The literature review yielded 15 additional cases. Among patients from our cohort and the literature, there was no significant association between immunosuppressive therapy and subsequent improvement of spinal cord function (5/8 patients with immunosuppressive therapy [63%] vs. 5/14 without immunosuppressive therapy [36%], p = 0.44).

Conclusions

Noncompressive myelopathy is an uncommon but severe complication of bacterial meningitis. Improvement after diagnosis is expected, but all patients had persistent neurological deficits.
Early life seizures and olfactory communication in rats
Authors: Bigelow Logan J. , Pope Emily K. , Jarvis Jack H. M. , Fiset Catherine , Le Maistre‐Matthys Carol , Benke Tim A. , Bernard Paul B.
Published: September 2024

Objective

Early life seizures (ELS) are commonly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, the exact role of ELS in the pathology is unknown. Prior studies have demonstrated social deficits, a core feature of ASD, following ELS; consequently, alterations in sensory modalities may contribute to the overall social deficits. Considering the speculated contribution of sensory deficit to social communication, we examined the developmental consequences of early postnatal kainic acid (KA)‐induced seizures on olfactory preference and neural markers in the olfactory bulb in both male and female Sprague Dawley rats.

Methods

KA‐induced seizures or saline was administered. Rats were then exposed to a series of biologically relevant scents including male scent, female scent, nest scent, and phenylethylamine during the juvenile period and again during adulthood. Alterations in sensory modalities were expected to be expressed via abnormal preference for certain scents and/or production of abnormal ultrasonic vocalizations in response to scents. The olfactory bulbs were also assessed for the biologically relevant markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII).

Results

Our findings resulted in no significant differences in olfactory preference following ELS for juveniles or adults compared to controls. Similarly, there were no differences in GFAP expression or the ratio of phosphorylated CAMKII to CAMKII in either olfactory bulb. Interestingly, despite a lack of treatment differences, different scents were shown to elicit different responses in juvenile rats, yet these differences subsided in adulthood.

Significance

Overall, the results of this study suggest that olfaction does not contribute to socialization deficit following ELS within the KA model.
Evaluation of Sézary cell marker expression and cell death behaviour upon in vitro treatment by flow cytometry in Sézary syndrome patients
Authors: Melchers S. , Roemer M. , Albrecht J. D. , Assaf C. , von Gugelberg C. , Guenova E. , Klemke C.‐D. , Moritz R. K. C. , Schlaak M. , Stadler R. , Wehkamp U. , Wobser M. , Albrecht T. , Goerdt S. , Schneider S. , Nicolay J. P.
Published: September 2024

The diagnosis of Sézary syndrome (SS) relies on the identification of blood Sézary cells (SC) by different markers via flow cytometry. Treatment of SS is challenging since its pathogenesis is characterized by cell death resistance rather than hyperproliferation. In this study, we establish an integrated approach that considers both the expression of SC markers and sensitivity to cell death both spontaneously and upon in vitro treatment. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 20 SS patients and analysed for the SC markers CD7 and CD26 loss as well as CD158k and PD1 gain. The cells were then treated with different established and experimental therapies in vitro and cell death was measured. Spontaneous and therapeutically induced cell death were measured and correlated to cellular marker profiles. In the marker‐positive cells, spontaneous cell death sensitivity was reduced. Different treatments in vitro managed to specifically induce cell death in the putative CTCL cell populations. Interestingly, a repeated analysis after 3 months of treatment revealed the CTCL cell death sensitivity to be restored by therapy. We propose this novel integrated approach comprising the evaluation of SC marker expression and analysis of cell death sensitivity upon treatment that can also enable a better therapy stratification.
Losses and destabilization of soil organic carbon stocks in coastal wetlands converted into aquaculture ponds
Authors: Lin Shaoying , Zhou Yaxin , Wang Weiqi , Sardans Jordi , Li Yuan , Fu Chuancheng , Zeng Fanjiang , Song Zhaoliang , Tariq Akash , Peñuelas Josep
Published: September 2024

Coastal‐wetlands play a crucial role as carbon (C) reservoirs on Earth due to their C pool composition and functional sink, making them significant for mitigating global climate change. However, due to the development and utilization of wetland resources, many wetlands have been transformed into other land‐use types. The current study focuses on the alterations in soil organic‐C (SOC) in coastal‐wetlands following reclamation into aquaculture ponds. We conducted sampling at 11 different coastal‐wetlands along the tropical to temperate regions of the China coast. Each site included two community types, one with solely native species (Suaeda salsa, Phragmites australis and Mangroves) and the other with an adjacent reclaimed aquaculture pond. Across these 11 locations we compared SOC stock, active OC fractions, and soil physicochemical properties between coastal wetlands and aquaculture ponds. We observed that different soil uses, sampling sites, and their interaction had significant effects on SOC and its stock (p < .05). Reclamation significantly declined SOC concentration at depths of 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm by 35.5% and 30.3%, respectively, and also decreased SOC stock at 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm depths by 29.1% and 37.9%, respectively. Similar trends were evident for SOC stock, labile organic‐C, dissolved organic‐C and microbial biomass organic‐C concentrations (p < .05), indicating soil C‐destabilization and losses from soil following conversion. Soils in aquaculture ponds exhibited higher bulk density (BD; 11.3%) and lower levels of salinity (61.0%), soil water content (SWC; 11.7%), total nitrogen (TN) concentration (23.8%) and available‐nitrogen concentration (37.7%; p < .05) than coastal‐wetlands. Redundancy‐analysis revealed that pH, BD and TN concentration were the key variables most linked with temporal variations in SOC fractions and stock between two land use types. This study provides a theoretical basis for the rational utilization and management of wetland resources, the achievement of an environment‐friendly society, and the preservation of multiple service functions within wetland ecosystems.
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension mimicking iatrogenic spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks
Authors: Tay Angelique Sao‐Mai S. , Maya Marcel M. , Schievink Wouter I.
Published: September 2024

Objective

To raise awareness that patients with persistent post‐dural puncture headache should be considered for evaluation of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.

Background

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) due to a spinal CSF leak may occur following more‐or‐less trivial traumatic events. We report our experience with spontaneous spinal CSF leaks that occur following percutaneous or open spine procedures, a potential source of diagnostic confusion.

Methods

In a retrospective cohort study, using a prospectively maintained database of patients with SIH, we identified all new patients evaluated between January 1, 2022, and June 30, 2023, who were referred for evaluation of an iatrogenic spinal CSF leak but were found to have a spontaneous spinal CSF leak.

Results

Nine (4%) of the 248 patients with SIH were originally referred for evaluation of an iatrogenic spinal CSF leak. The spinal procedures included epidural steroid injections, laminectomies, epidural anesthesia, and lumbar puncture. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed changes in intracranial hypotension in seven of the nine patients (78%). The spontaneous CSF leak was found to be at least five levels removed from the spinal procedure in all patients.

Conclusions

A spontaneous spinal CSF leak should be suspected in patients with recalcitrant orthostatic headaches following a spinal procedure, even if symptoms of the leak occur within hours of the spinal procedure and especially if brain MRI is abnormal.
Circannual worsening in cluster headache correlates with daylight change
Authors: Riederer Franz , Schankin Christoph J.
Published: September 2024

Plain Language Summary

Cluster headache attacks typically occur with circadian rhythmicity and seasonal variability.In this article, we show that circannual rhythmicity of cluster headache attacks with its peak occurrence in spring and autumn could be explained by the rapidity in daylight alterations over the photoperiod, which is not constant but maximal at the time of equinoxes in spring. The peak of cluster attack occurrence at the equinoxes in spring and autumn coincides with greater leaps in day length, leading to interfere with synchronization of endogenous pacemaker systems. Interactions with the serotonergic system, also following circannual fluctuations are discussed.
Hybrid financing in a dual‐channel supply chain with asymmetric demand information
Authors: Zhang Baofeng , Xiao Shuang
Published: September 2024

This study delves into the interaction between hybrid financing and asymmetric demand information within a dual‐channel supply chain. In this setup, the supplier directly sells to customers and also through a capital‐constrained retailer. We investigate a unique financing approach involving a blend of bank loans and supplier equity investment to support the retailer's operational (procurement and marketing) activities. Analyzing the equilibrium strategies under both symmetric and asymmetric information settings yields intriguing insights. In the case of symmetric information, we find that the retailer's equilibrium order quantity decreases with the potential market size under hybrid financing, contrary to traditional notions. When asymmetric information is present, a higher acceptance of supplier equity investment by the retailer tends to lead to order quantity distortion downward, increasing signaling costs. Furthermore, a greater proportion of supplier equity investment prompts the retailer to order more products, ultimately boosting profits for both the retailer and supplier. This suggests that supplier equity investment can enhance supply chain efficiency and alleviate the double marginalization effect.
Drought Priming Promotes Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Drought Stress During Grain Filling
Authors: He Jiawei , He Yujie , Cai Jian , Zhou Qin , Zhong Yingxin , Jiang Dong , Wang Xiao
Published: September 2024

Drought stress significantly challenges wheat production globally, and drought priming has emerged as an effective strategy to mitigate yield loss under drought stress events. However, the effect of drought priming on plant nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) remains insufficiently understood. This study investigates the effects of drought priming at the six‐leaf stage on NUE under drought stress during grain filling in four wheat varieties with distinct responses to drought priming. Our results indicate that there is no correlation between inherent drought tolerance and the effects of drought priming among the wheat varieties studied. In priming‐sensitive varieties, drought‐primed plants exhibited significant improvements in grain yield and NUE under drought stress compared to non‐primed plants. Conversely, priming‐insensitive varieties showed no significant differences in yield or NUE between primed and non‐primed plants under similar conditions. Notably, under drought stress, primed plants exhibited higher yield and NUE than non‐primed plants in drought priming positive variety, while the opposite trend was observed in drought priming negative response variety. The enhancement of NUE through drought priming was associated with improved nitrogen uptake efficiency and its allocation to spikes, with abscisic acid accumulation playing a pivotal role. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms by which drought priming enhances NUE under drought stress, contributing to the development of sustainable agricultural practices amid climate change.
Enhancing bone regeneration: Unleashing the potential of magnetic nanoparticles in a microtissue model
Authors: Dousti Maryam , Parsa Shima , Sani Farnaz , Bagherzadeh Elham , Zamanzadeh Zahra , Dara Mahintaj , Sani Mahsa , Azarpira Negar
Published: September 2024

Bone tissue engineering addresses the limitations of autologous resources and the risk of allograft disease transmission in bone diseases. In this regard, engineered three‐dimensional (3D) models emerge as biomimetic alternatives to natural tissues, replicating intracellular communication. Moreover, the unique properties of super‐paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were shown to promote bone regeneration via enhanced osteogenesis and angiogenesis in bone models. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SPION on both osteogenesis and angiogenesis and characterized a co‐culture of Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and MG‐63 cells as a model of bone microtissue. HUVECs: MG‐63s with a ratio of 4:1 demonstrated the best results among other cell ratios, and 50 μg/mL of SPION was the optimum concentration for maximum survival, cell migration and mineralization. In addition, the data from gene expression illustrated that the expression of osteogenesis‐related genes, including osteopontin, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and collagen‐I, as well as the expression of the angiogenesis‐related marker, CD‐31, and the tube formation, is significantly elevated when the 50 μg/mL concentration of SPION is applied to the microtissue samples. SPION application in a designed 3D bone microtissue model involving a co‐culture of osteoblast and endothelial cells resulted in increased expression of specific markers related to angiogenesis and osteogenesis. This includes the design of a novel biomimetic model to boost blood compatibility and biocompatibility of primary materials while promoting osteogenic activity in microtissue bone models. Moreover, this can improve interaction with surrounding tissues and broaden the knowledge to promote superior‐performance implants, preventing device failure.
The skinny on skin: The role of skin‐aware professionals in skin cancer surveillance
Authors: Diehl Kyra , Nelson Jacob , Haddadin Olivia , Stoos Elizabeth , Shafer Autumn , Mason Amy , Girard Deb , Malcolm Theresa , Geller Alan C. , Latour Emile , Bailey Elizabeth , Young Jade N. , Zhao Hannah , Gillespie Jordan , Pfeifer Hailey , Lee Claudia , Shea Moira , DeCampos‐Stairiker Mallory , Smith Jake , Becker Alyssa , Bash Gina N. , Sahni Vikram , Fan Yichen , Munoz Elena Paz , Baron David , Popovici Nadia , Orfaly Victoria E. , Baghoomian Wenelia , Foltz Emilie , Kahlen Kristen , Savory Stephanie , Jacobe Heidi , Leachman Sancy A.
Published: September 2024

Background

Licensed nonmedical, skin‐aware professionals (e.g., hairdressers, massage therapists, etc.) have the potential to identify skin cancer, but baseline knowledge may not be sufficient to accomplish this goal. Following educational intervention, self‐efficacy is one of the best surrogate metrics for behavior change. Curricula that increase knowledge and confidence levels can improve screening behaviors, but few have been tested for efficacy in this population

Aims

We assessed whether an online curriculum could reliably improve skin screening knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of nonmedical professionals

Patients/Methods

Skin‐aware professionals were recruited through the Oregon Health Authority and IMPACT Melanoma TM. Participants completed a pre‐survey, online training module, post‐survey, and one‐year follow‐up survey. We evaluated participants' indicated levels of concern for suspicious and nonsuspicious lesions relative to “gold standard” physician ratings. We also assessed confidence and self‐reported behavior change regarding talking to clients about skin cancer and recommending they see a provider to evaluate suspicious lesions

Results

The pre‐survey was completed by 9872 skin‐aware professionals; 5434 completed the post‐survey, and 162 completed the one‐year follow‐up survey. Participants showed a significant improvement in ability to indicate the correct level of concern for all lesion types in concordance with “gold standard” physician ratings (p < 0.001). Participants reported increased comfort levels in discussing health‐related topics with their clients posttraining

Conclusions

Our training module effectively increased skin‐aware professionals' knowledge, confidence, and concern for malignant lesions. Skin‐aware professionals may serve as a valuable extension of the skin self‐exam, but additional studies are needed to evaluate the impact of these curricula long‐term, including potential downstream consequences
Recompensation after TIPS reduces the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and increases survival in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Sánchez José , González Sheila , Poyatos Paloma , Escudero María Desamparados , Montón Cristina , Carbonell Juan‐Antonio , Casula Elisabetta , Guijarro Jorge , Lluch Paloma , Ballester María Pilar
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

It has been described that recompensation can improve prognosis in patients with cirrhosis. However, recompensation after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) has not been studied. We evaluated the impact of recompensation after TIPS on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and death, and we compared it with compensated cirrhosis patients.

Methods

An observational study of consecutive patients with cirrhosis undergoing TIPS between 2008 and 2022 was performed. Baveno VII definition of recompensation was used including patients with or without diuretics/Hepatic encephalopathy prophylaxis. A prospective cohort of consecutive compensated cirrhosis patients was used for comparison.

Results

Overall, 208 patients with cirrhosis were included, 92 compensated and 116 decompensated who underwent TIPS. After 1 year, 24% achieved recompensation. Liver function (MELD 12 ± 5 vs. 15 ± 6; p = .049), LDL‐cholesterol (97 mg/dL vs. 76 mg/dL, p = .018), white cell count (7.96 × 109/dL vs. 6.24 × 109/dL, p = .039) and platelets (129 × 109/dL vs. 101 × 109/dL, p = .039) were associated with recompensation. Recompensation was associated with a reduction in the risk of HCC (p = .020). Multivariable analysis showed that this risk was significantly higher in non‐recompensated patients (p = .003) but no differences were observed in recompensated compared with compensated patients (p = .816). Similarly, decompensated patients presented lower survival rates (p = .011), while no differences were observed between recompensated and compensated patients (p = .677).

Conclusions

Recompensation after TIPS has a clear impact on the incidence of HCC and death, with a similar prognosis than patients with compensated cirrhosis. Liver function is associated with recompensation, suggesting the importance of considering early TIPS in patients with indication.
Early fluid migration and alteration fronts in the CM chondrite Reckling Peak 17085
Authors: Musolino A. , Suttle M. D. , Folco L. , King A. J. , Poggiali G. , Bates H. C. , Brucato J. R. , Brearley A.
Published: September 2024

Reckling Peak (RKP) 17085 is a newly classified Antarctic CM chondrite that preserves a complex alteration history characterized by mild aqueous alteration (CM2.7), overprinted by a short‐lived thermal metamorphic event (heating stage III [<750°C]), and affected by low‐grade terrestrial weathering. This meteorite contains abundant Fe‐rich bands within the fine‐grained matrix, composed of micron‐scale Fe‐oxyhydroxide minerals. They are interpreted as “alteration fronts” arising due to the dissolution and transport of Fe (typically <500 μm) before being abruptly deposited. This alteration texture is relatively rare among hydrated carbonaceous chondrites, with only five reported instances to date (Murchison, Murray, Allan Hills 81002, Miller Range 07687, and Northwest Africa 5958). Evidence from RKP 17085 suggests that early aqueous alteration operated as multiple geochemically isolated microenvironments, which moved outwards from local point sources within the matrix. Low permeability fine‐grained rims on chondrules appear to have acted as barriers to fluid flow, controlling the migration of fluid across the parent body. Furthermore, the higher porosity regions within the altered fine‐grained matrix represent either void space generated by the dehydration of hydrated minerals during post‐hydration metamorphism and/or sites of ice accretion (water‐ice or C‐bearing ices) preserved within a mildly altered primitive matrix.
36‐year study reveals stability of a wild wheat population across microhabitats
Authors: Dahan‐Meir Tal , Ellis Thomas James , Mafessoni Fabrizio , Sela Hanan , Rudich Ori , Manisterski Jacob , Avivi‐Ragolsky Naomi , Raz Amir , Feldman Moshe , Anikster Yehoshua , Nordborg Magnus , Levy Avraham A.
Published: September 2024

Long‐term genetic studies of wild populations are very scarce, but are essential for connecting ecological and population genetics models, and for understanding the dynamics of biodiversity. We present a study of a wild wheat population sampled over a 36‐year period at high spatial resolution. We genotyped 832 individuals from regular sampling along transects during the course of the experiment. Genotypes were clustered into ecological microhabitats over scales of tens of metres, and this clustering was remarkably stable over the 36 generations of the study. Simulations show that it is difficult to determine whether this spatial and temporal stability reflects extremely limited dispersal or fine‐scale local adaptation to ecological parameters. Using a common‐garden experiment, we showed that the genotypes found in distinct microhabitats differ phenotypically. Our results provide a rare insight into the population genetics of a natural population over a long monitoring period.
Innovate and renovate: Environmental intensive care unit design
Authors: Markus‐Rodden Minnette , Bell Kristen , Brookes Maryann , Harrison Georgia , O'Neill Jeffrey
Published: September 2024

This article describes the reallocation of space and construction of a new adult shock trauma intensive care unit implementing methods to mitigate the environmental impact. The environmental burden was reduced through innovative reallocation of space and diversity of lighting sources. Circular economy principles were implemented which enabled much of the infrastructure materials to be reused. Collaboration among interdisciplinary health care teams, such as described in this article, helped to ensure expertise was shared so that the environmental impact was lessened. This article provides insight into innovative methods to mitigate the carbon footprint of a critical care renovation project.
9. Chronic knee pain
Authors: Vanneste Thibaut , Belba Amy , Oei Gezina T. M. L. , Emans Pieter , Fonkoue Loic , Kallewaard Jan Willem , Kapural Leonardo , Peng Philip , Sommer Michael , Vanneste Bert , Cohen Steven P. , Van Zundert Jan
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Chronic knee pain is defined as pain that persists or recurs over 3 months. The most common is degenerative osteoarthritis (OA). This review represents a comprehensive description of the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of OA of the knee.

Methods

The literature on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic knee pain was retrieved and summarized. A modified Delphi approach was used to formulate recommendations on interventional treatments.

Results

Patients with knee OA commonly present with insidious, chronic knee pain that gradually worsens. Pain caused by knee OA is predominantly nociceptive pain, with occasional nociplastic and infrequent neuropathic characteristics occurring in a diseased knee. A standard musculoskeletal and neurological examination is required for the diagnosis of knee OA. Although typical clinical OA findings are sufficient for diagnosis, medical imaging may be performed to improve specificity. The differential diagnosis should exclude other causes of knee pain including bone and joint disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondylo‐ and other arthropathies, and infections. When conservative treatment fails, intra‐articular injections of corticosteroids and radiofrequency (conventional and cooled) of the genicular nerves have been shown to be effective. Hyaluronic acid infiltrations are conditionally recommended. Platelet‐rich plasma infiltrations, chemical ablation of genicular nerves, and neurostimulation have, at the moment, not enough evidence and can be considered in a study setting. The decision to perform joint‐preserving and joint‐replacement options should be made multidisciplinary.

Conclusions

When conservative measures fail to provide satisfactory pain relief, a multidisciplinary approach is recommended including psychological therapy, integrative treatments, and procedural options such as intra‐articular injections, radiofrequency ablation, and surgery.
Effects of property value assessment limit portability on migration outflows
Authors: DiDonato Stuart P. , Koumpias Antonios M.
Published: September 2024

This study examines the impact of the 2008 portability provision of Florida's property value assessment limit, which permits homeowners to transfer the benefit of assessment limitations, on in‐state out‐migration. Leveraging IRS county‐to‐county migration data and quasi‐experimental designs, we find increased household and individual in‐state, county‐to‐county outflows following portability implementation in Florida relative to other states by 478 households (4.8%) and 675 individuals (3.5%). Our results suggest that natural amenities, rather than home‐ownership rates or property value growth, drive migration outflows. Robustness checks reveal heterogeneous responses across metro and nonmetro counties, suggesting that urbanization may accelerate after adopting the provision.
Synergistic Interaction Between PbbZIP88 and PbSRK2E Enhances Drought Resistance in Pear Through Regulation of PbATL18 Expression and Stomatal Closure
Authors: Lin Likun , Yuan Kaili , Qi Kaijie , Xie Zhihua , Huang Xiaosan , Zhang Shaoling
Published: September 2024

Drought poses significant challenges to agricultural production, ecological stability and global food security. While wild pear trees exhibit strong drought resistance, cultivated varieties show weaker drought tolerance. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying pear trees' response to drought stress. We identified a drought resistance‐related transcription factor, PbbZIP88, which binds to and activates the expression of the drought‐responsive gene PbATL18. Overexpression of PbbZIP88 in Arabidopsis and pear seedlings resulted in enhanced drought resistance and significantly improved physiological parameters under drought stress. We discovered that PbbZIP88 interacts with the key protein PbSRK2E in the ABA signalling pathway. This interaction enhances PbbZIP88's ability to activate PbATL18 expression, leading to higher levels of PbATL18. Furthermore, the PbbZIP88 and PbSRK2E interaction accelerates the regulation of stomatal closure under ABA treatment conditions, reducing water loss more effectively. Experimental evidence showed that silencing PbbZIP88 and PbSRK2E genes significantly decreased drought resistance in pear seedlings. In conclusion, this study reveals the synergistic role of PbbZIP88 and PbSRK2E in enhancing drought resistance in pear trees, particularly in the upregulation of PbATL18 expression, and the accelerated promotion of stomatal closure. These findings provide new candidate genes for breeding drought‐resistant varieties and offer a theoretical foundation and technical support for achieving sustainable agriculture.
Genome‐Wide Identification of Pentatricopeptide Repeat (PPR) Gene Family and Multi‐Omics Analysis Provide New Insights Into the Albinism Mechanism of Kandelia obovata Propagule Leaves
Authors: Xu Chaoqun , Wang Ji‐Cheng , Sun Ling , Zhuang Li‐Han , Guo Ze‐Jun , Ding Qian‐Su , Ma Dong‐Na , Song Ling‐Yu , Li Jing , Tang Han‐Chen , Zhu Xue‐Yi , Zheng Hai‐Lei
Published: September 2024

Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) gene family constitutes one of the largest gene families in plants, which mainly participate in RNA editing and RNA splicing of organellar RNAs, thereby affecting the organellar development. Recently, some evidence elucidated the important roles of PPR proteins in the albino process of plant leaves. However, the functions of PPR genes in the woody mangrove species have not been investigated. In this study, using a typical true mangrove Kandelia obovata, we systematically identified 298 PPR genes and characterized their general features and physicochemical properties, including evolutionary relationships, the subcellular localization, PPR motif type, the number of introns and PPR motifs, and isoelectric point, and so forth. Furthermore, we combined genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) and transcriptome analysis to identify the genetic architecture and potential PPR genes associated with propagule leaves colour variations of K. obovata. As a result, we prioritized 16 PPR genes related to the albino phenotype using different strategies, including differentially expressed genes analysis and genetic diversity analysis. Further analysis discovered two genes of interest, namely Maker00002998 (PLS‐type) and Maker00003187 (P‐type), which were differentially expressed genes and causal genes detected by GWAS analysis. Moreover, we successfully predicted downstream target chloroplast genes (rps14, rpoC1 and rpoC2) bound by Maker00002998 PPR proteins. The experimental verification of RNA editing sites of rps14, rpoC1, and rpoC2 in our previous study and the verification of interaction between Maker00002998 and rps14 transcript using in vitro RNA pull‐down assays revealed that Maker00002998 PPR protein might be involved in the post‐transcriptional process of chloroplast genes. Our result provides new insights into the roles of PPR genes in the albinism mechanism of K. obovata propagule leaves.
Effect of the insecticide clothianidin on the photosynthetic electron transport chain in pea
Authors: Volgusheva Alena A. , Hao Jingrao , He Yanlin , Lovyagina Elena R. , Loktyushkin Aleksey V. , Parshina Evgenia Yu , Luneva Oksana G. , Baizhumanov Adil A. , Khruschev Sergei S. , Maksimov Georgy V. , Rubin Andrew B.
Published: September 2024

Clothianidin (CL) is a neonicotinoid insecticide widely used in crop protection against insect pests. However, its effects on photosynthesis remain largely unknown. Here, by investigating the influence of CL at the concentrations of 22 and 110 μg/L on the primary processes of photosynthesis, membrane fluidity and structural changes of pea chloroplasts, we located several primary binding sites of this pesticide. Similar dynamics were observed for both concentrations. However, statistically significant differences were only found at 110 μg/L for all methods used. The light saturated rate of linear electron flow decreased mainly due to the disturbance of electron flow on the acceptor side of photosystem II (PSII) associated with the appearance of QB‐nonreducing centers and empty QB binding sites of PSII. The functioning of the donor side of PSII, the activity of photosystem I (PSI) and the maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) were not found to be significantly altered. Increased membrane fluidity and structural alterations of the thylakoid membrane led to a decrease in the development of the proton gradient ΔрН and membrane energization processes.
Morphological, pathological and phylogenetic analyses identify a diverse group of Colletotrichum spp. causing leaf, pod and flower diseases on the orphan legume African yam bean
Authors: Ogunsanya Olaide Mary , Adebisi Moruf Ayodele , Popoola Akinola Rasheed , Afolabi Clement Gboyega , Oyatomi Olaniyi , Colgan Richard , Armitage Andrew , Thompson Elinor , Abberton Michael , Ortega‐Beltran Alejandro
Published: September 2024

African yam bean (AYB; Sphenostylis stenocarpa) is an underutilized legume indigenous to Africa with great potential to enhance food security and offer nutritional and medicinal opportunities. However, low grain yield caused by fungal diseases, including pod blight and leaf tip dieback, deters farmers from large‐scale cultivation. To determine the prevalence of fungal diseases affecting leaves, pods and flowers of AYB, a survey was conducted in 2018 and 2019 in major AYB‐growing areas in Nigeria. Leaf tip dieback, flower bud rot and pod blight were the most common symptoms. Morphological and molecular assays were conducted to identify the causal agents of the observed diseases. In all the samples examined, fungi from eight genera were isolated from diseased leaves, buds and pods. Koch's postulates were fulfilled only for fungi belonging to the Colletotrichum genus. Fungi from the other seven genera did not produce disease symptoms in healthy AYB tissues. Several Colletotrichum isolates were characterized by sequencing the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, calmodulin and ApMAT loci. A combined phylogenetic analysis revealed four Colletotrichum species: C. siamense, C. theobromicola and C. fructicola, which were recovered from diseased leaves, and C. truncatum, recovered from diseased pods and buds. Our results are useful to gear efforts to develop integrated management strategies to control diseases affecting AYB in Nigeria and elsewhere. Availability of such strategies may stimulate greater AYB cultivation, which can contribute to diet diversification, something repeatedly advocated by a range of stakeholders to increase food security and prosperity of smallholder farmers.
Monitoring quantities of Phyllosticta citricarpa inoculum in sweet orange orchards using qPCR and young citrus plants as spore traps
Authors: Fialho Régis Oliveira , Pereira Rosana Goncalves , Brandão Leonardo Aparecido , Martins Elaine Cristina , Primiano Isabela Vescove , Fourie Paul , Moyo Providence , Amorim Lilian , Silva Junior Geraldo José
Published: September 2024

Monitoring of Phyllosticta citricarpa (causal agent of citrus black spot [CBS]) inoculum in orchards has previously been performed using volumetric spore traps. However, volumetric traps are nonspecific, and only capture ascospores (not pycnidiospores) of different Phyllosticta species. This research aimed to monitor and quantify the DNA of P. citricarpa using young citrus plants as a spore trap combined with quantitative PCR (qPCR), as well as quantify the number of ascospores and pycnidiospores, and to correlate results with weather variables. Citrus nursery plants were placed as traps under and outside tree canopies during fruit developmental stages (from October to July) in two seasons in commercial ‘Valencia’ sweet orange orchards. DNA was extracted from trap leaves to quantify P. citricarpa inoculum by qPCR of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1 rRNA) region of P. citricarpa (Pc‐ITS). Correlations of Pc‐ITS to rainy days, leaf wetness and temperature were performed. Overall, the highest numbers of 400 Pc‐ITS/cm2 of leaf tissue, which represented up to 12 ascospores or pycnidiospores per cm2, were detected on leaves sampled from October to March, regardless of the trap position, season and orchard. Trap plants placed under canopies had up to 20‐fold more Pc‐ITS than those placed outside. Rainy days and leaf wetness were the variables most positively correlated with Pc‐ITS. Both results in the fluctuation of P. citricarpa inoculum in orchards and the most favourable weather variables associated with inoculum production contribute to better understanding of the critical periods for CBS management in citrus‐growing areas.
Chemical and physical characteristics of wheat root mucilage influenced by Serendipita indica symbiosis: a comparison among four cultivars
Authors: Hosseini Fatemeh , Mosaddeghi Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2024

Although there is evidence to suggest that the endophytic fungus Serendipita indica plays a crucial role in enhancing plant tolerance against biotic/abiotic stressors, less is known about the impacts of this symbiosis association on root mucilage chemical composition and its physical functions. The mucilage of inoculated and non‐inoculated seedlings of four wheat cultivars (i.e., Roshan, Ghods, Kavir and Pishtaz) were extracted using an aeroponic method. Total solute concentration (TCm), carbon content (Cmucilage), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, fatty acids, surface tension (σm), and viscosity (ηm) of mucilage were measured. Ghods and Kavir had the highest and lowest root colonization percents, respectively. Saturated fatty acids, including palmitic and stearic acids, were dominant over unsaturated fatty acids in wheat root mucilage. However, their compositions were significantly different among wheat cultivars. S. indica colonization, especially for Ghods, increased the TCm, Cmucilage, and palmitic acid. Moreover, root mucilage of S. indica‐inoculated Ghods had lower σm and greater ηm. An increased amount of powerful surfactants like palmitic acid in the mucilage of S. indica inoculated treatments led to lower σm and greater ηm. Such studies provide further support for the idea that plant‐released mucilage plays a major role in modifying the physical environment of the rhizosphere. This knowledge toward truly understanding the rhizosphere can be potentially used for improving the rhizosphere soil quality and increasing crop growth and yield.
Elucidation of AsANS controlling pigment biosynthesis in Angelica sinensis through hormonal and transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Arshad Khadija Tehseen , Xiang Chunfan , Yuan Chengxiao , Li Lesong , Wang Juan , Zhou Pinhan , Manzoor Nazer , Yang Shengchao , Li Mengfei , Liang Yanli , Chen Junwen , Zhao Yan
Published: September 2024

Angelica sinensis, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has been primarily reported due to its nutritional value. Pigmentation in this plant is an important appearance trait that directly affects its commercial value. To understand the mechanism controlling purpleness in A. sinensis, hormonal and transcriptomic analyses were performed in three different tissues (leave, root and stem), using two cultivars with contrasting colors. The two‐dimensional data set provides dynamic hormonal and gene expression networks underpinning purpleness in A. sinensis. We found abscisic acid as a crucial hormone modulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. sinensis. We further identified and validated 7 key genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway and found a specific module containing ANS as a hub gene in WGCNA. Overexpression of a candidate pigment regulatory gene, AsANS (AS08G02092), in transgenic calli of A. sinensis resulted in increased anthocyanin production and caused purpleness. Together, these analyses provide an important understanding of the molecular networks underlying A. sinensis anthocyanin production and its correlation with plant hormones, which can provide an important source for breeding.
Ultraviolet‐induced melanisation in lichens: physiological traits and transcriptome profile
Authors: Leksin Ilya , Shelyakin Mikhail , Zakhozhiy Ilya , Kozlova Olga , Beckett Richard , Minibayeva Farida
Published: September 2024

Lichens are important components of high‐latitude boreal and Arctic habitats. While stress tolerant, they are among the most sensitive ecosystem components to climate change, in particular, an increase in ultraviolet light (UV) arising from polar ozone depletion and deforestation. This study is the first to explore the effects of UV‐B on gene expression in lichens to predict metabolic pathways involved in tolerance. Using transcriptome profiling and bioinformatic analyses, here we studied the effects of UV‐B on gene expression in lichens using Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoff. as a model species. UV‐B exposure causes significant browning of the upper cortex of the thallus, which correlates to an increased expression of biosynthetic gene clusters involved in the synthesis of eu‐ and allomelanins and melanin precursors. Based on transcriptome analyses, we suggest that the biosynthesis of melanins and other secondary metabolites, such as naphthalene derivates, tropolones, anthraquinones, and xanthones, is a trade‐off that lichens pay to protect essential metabolic processes such as photosynthesis and respiration. Expression profiles of general stress‐associated genes, in particular, related to reactive oxygen species scavenging, protection of proteins, and DNA repair, clearly indicate that the mycobiont is the more UV‐B‐responsive and susceptible partner in lichen symbiosis. Our findings demonstrate that UV‐B stress activates an intricate gene network involved in tolerance mechanisms of lichen symbionts. Knowledge obtained here may enable the prediction of likely effects on lichen biodiversity caused by climate change and pollution.
Comparison of Metabolic, Ionic, and Electrolyte Responses to Exhaustive Low‐Load Strength Training With and Without Blood Flow Restriction and High‐Load Resistance Training
Authors: Franz Alexander , Ji Sanghyeon , Luckmann Stefan , Boemer Tobias , Fröschen Frank , Wahl Patrick , Behringer Michael
Published: September 2024

Low‐load blood‐flow‐restriction resistance training (LL‐BFR‐RT) is gaining popularity, but its physiological effects remain unclear. This study aimed to compare LL‐BFR‐RT with low‐load resistance exercise (LL‐RT) and high‐load resistance exercise (HL‐RT) on metabolism, electrolytes, and ions in the lower extremities by invasive catheter measurements, which are crucial for risk assessment. Ten healthy men (27.6 ± 6.4 years) completed three trials of knee‐extensor exercises with LL‐RT (30% 1RM), LL‐BFR‐RT (30% 1RM, 50% limb occlusion pressure), and HL‐RT (75% 1RM). The exercise protocol consisted of four sets to voluntary muscle failure with 1 min of rest between sets. Blood gas analysis was collected before, during, and after each trial through intravenous catheters at the exercising leg. LL‐BFR‐RT had lower total workload (1274 ± 237 kg, mean ± SD) compared to LL‐RT (1745 ± 604 kg), and HL‐RT (1847 ± 367 kg, p < 0.01), with no difference between LL‐RT and HL‐RT. Pain perception did not differ significantly. Exercise‐induced drop in oxygen partial pressure, lactate accumulation and electrolyte shifts (with increased [K+]) occurred during under all conditions (p < 0.001). Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase increased significantly 24‐ and 48‐h postexercise under all three conditions (p < 0.001). This study, using invasive catheter measurements, found no significant differences in metabolic, ionic, and electrolyte responses among LL‐BFR‐RT, LL‐RT, and HL‐RT when exercised to voluntary muscular failure. LL‐BFR‐RT reduced time to failure without specific physiological responses.
Cytokine stability in chronic wound fluid and its association to fibroblast proliferation
Authors: Burian Ewa Anna , Enevold Christian , Karlsmark Tonny , Ågren Magnus S.
Published: September 2024

Cytokines are commonly deregulated in venous leg ulcers. We have investigated cytokine stability by incubating sterile‐filtered wound fluids from chronic venous leg ulcers in vitro. Incubation of wound fluids for 24 h at 37°C decreased IL‐1β levels by 88% and TNF‐α levels by 64%. IL‐1β was degraded by serine proteinases and metalloproteinases while the mechanism for reduced TNF‐α remains elusive. The levels of the other peptides did not change significantly (p > 0.05). Normal human dermal fibroblasts exposed to five of the six wound fluids showed increased proliferation with the length of prior incubation using an assay optimised for evaluation of wound fluid bioactivity. Exogenous IL‐1β and TNF‐α unexpectedly increased (p < 0.001) cell proliferation at concentrations that were measured in the wound fluids. In conclusion, the stability of the eight investigated cytokines in wound fluids differed and presumably the loss of detrimental factors, unlikely IL‐1β or TNF‐α, resulted in increased fibroblast proliferation.