bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Phase I/II Open-Label Study of Molibresib for the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Dawson Mark A. , Borthakur Gautam , Huntly Brian J.P. , Karadimitris Anastasios , Alegre Adrian , Chaidos Aristeidis , Vogl Dan T. , Pollyea Daniel A. , Davies Faith E. , Morgan Gareth J. , Glass Jacob L. , Kamdar Manali , Mateos Maria-Victoria , Tovar Natalia , Yeh Paul , Delgado Regina García , Basheer Faisal , Marando Ludovica , Gallipoli Paolo , Wyce Anastasia , Krishnatry Anu Shilpa , Barbash Olena , Bakirtzi Evi , Ferron-Brady Geraldine , Karpinich Natalie O. , McCabe Michael T. , Foley Shawn W. , Horner Thierry , Dhar Arindam , Kremer Brandon E. , Dickinson Michael
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Molibresib is a selective, small molecule inhibitor of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein family. This was an open-label, two-part, Phase I/II study investigating molibresib monotherapy for the treatment of hematological malignancies (NCT01943851).

Patients and Methods:

Part 1 (dose escalation) determined the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of molibresib in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Non–Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), or multiple myeloma. Part 2 (dose expansion) investigated the safety and efficacy of molibresib at the RP2D in patients with relapsed/refractory myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; as well as AML evolved from antecedent MDS) or cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). The primary endpoint in Part 1 was safety and the primary endpoint in Part 2 was objective response rate (ORR).

Results:

There were 111 patients enrolled (87 in Part 1, 24 in Part 2). Molibresib RP2Ds of 75 mg daily (for MDS) and 60 mg daily (for CTCL) were selected. Most common Grade 3+ adverse events included thrombocytopenia (37%), anemia (15%), and febrile neutropenia (15%). Six patients achieved complete responses [3 in Part 1 (2 AML, 1 NHL), 3 in Part 2 (MDS)], and 7 patients achieved partial responses [6 in Part 1 (4 AML, 2 NHL), 1 in Part 2 (MDS)]. The ORRs for Part 1, Part 2, and the total study population were 10% [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.8–18.7], 25% (95% CI, 7.3–52.4), and 13% (95% CI, 6.9–20.6), respectively.

Conclusions:

While antitumor activity was observed with molibresib, use was limited by gastrointestinal and thrombocytopenia toxicities. Investigations of molibresib as part of combination regimens may be warranted.
ETV6 Deficiency Unlocks ERG-Dependent Microsatellite Enhancers to Drive Aberrant Gene Activation in B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Kodgule Rohan , Goldman Joshua W. , Monovich Alexander C. , Saari Travis , Aguilar Athalee R. , Hall Cody N. , Rajesh Niharika , Gupta Juhi , Chu Shih-Chun A. , Ye Li , Gurumurthy Aishwarya , Iyer Ashwin , Brown Noah A. , Chiang Mark Y. , Cieslik Marcin P. , Ryan Russell J.H.
Published: November 2022

Distal enhancers play critical roles in sustaining oncogenic gene-expression programs. We identify aberrant enhancer-like activation of GGAA tandem repeats as a characteristic feature of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with genetic defects of the ETV6 transcriptional repressor, including ETV6–RUNX1+ and ETV6-null B-ALL. We show that GGAA repeat enhancers are direct activators of previously identified ETV6–RUNX1+/− like B-ALL “signature” genes, including the likely leukemogenic driver EPOR. When restored to ETV6-deficient B-ALL cells, ETV6 directly binds to GGAA repeat enhancers, represses their acetylation, downregulates adjacent genes, and inhibits B-ALL growth. In ETV6-deficient B-ALL cells, we find that the ETS transcription factor ERG directly binds to GGAA microsatellite enhancers and is required for sustained activation of repeat enhancer-activated genes. Together, our findings reveal an epigenetic gatekeeper function of the ETV6 tumor suppressor gene and establish microsatellite enhancers as a key mechanism underlying the unique gene-expression program of ETV6–RUNX1+/− like B-ALL.

Significance:

We find a unifying mechanism underlying a leukemia subtype-defining gene-expression signature that relies on repetitive elements with poor conservation between humans and rodents. The ability of ETV6 to antagonize promiscuous, nonphysiologic ERG activity may shed light on other roles of these key regulators in hematolymphoid development and human disease.

See related commentary by Mercher, p. 2.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Meta-Analysis on Utility of Bronchoscopy in Addition to Computed Tomography Thorax in the Investigation of Lung Cancer in Patients with Haemoptysis
Authors: O’Mahony Aoife Caitriona , Kennedy Marcus P.
Published: November 2022

Background: In patients with haemoptysis, many healthcare systems support bronchoscopy regardless of computed tomography (CT) findings. Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to address whether a normal CT alone is sufficient to out-rule lung cancer in patients with haemoptysis. Methods: A search was performed of the following databases: EBSCO (Medline), PubMed, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Embase. Meta-Disc 1.4 and RevMan software were used to test for heterogeneity, risk of bias, and to summarize the test performance characteristics using forest plots and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves. SPSS was used to compare the diagnostic accuracy of CT and bronchoscopy. Results: A total of 14 studies (2,960 patients) were included. The pooled sensitivities for detection of lung cancer using CT scan and bronchoscopy were 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97–1.00) and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.78–0.88), respectively. The sensitivity of CT was higher than that of bronchoscopy (p < 0.001). The pooled specificities for CT scan and bronchoscopy were 0.99 (95% CI: 0.99–1.00) and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99–1.00), respectively. Of 2,960 patients, 257 had lung cancer (8.7%) at initial investigation. 254 of these had a CT thorax, and the CT scan was false negative in 4/255 (1.6%), with bronchoscopy only identifying one cancer with a normal CT (0.4%). Conclusion: CT scan showed a higher diagnostic accuracy than bronchoscopy. This study indicated that bronchoscopy offers an insignificant additional value in the investigation of lung cancer in patients with haemoptysis and a negative CT scan.
Development and Application of Regenerative Medicine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Okamoto Ryuichi , Mizutani Tomohiro , Shimizu Hiromichi
Published: November 2022

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by idiopathic and chronic inflammation arising elsewhere within the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, the mucosal tissue is destroyed during the active phase of the disease, and therefore, spontaneous repair of damaged tissue is required to restore the function and long-term homeostasis of the intestinal mucosa. Also, in patients with refractory Crohn’s disease, loss of massive intestinal function can lead to short bowel syndrome or may lead to fatal intestinal failure. Summary: The concept of mucosal healing shares the idea that both regulation of mucosal inflammation and repair of the damaged mucosa are critical to achieve the ideal clinical outcome in patients with IBD. However, current treatments lack the option of those targeted to mucosal repair, and therefore, patients must achieve mucosal healing depending on their intrinsic system. To counteract inflammation-induced mucosal damage, various biologics or cell-based treatments are currently being developed. In the early developmental phase, various growth factors have been tested for their ability to promote mucosal repair. However, most of these factors did not show clinical benefit, except the recombinant glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2). On the contrary, cell-based treatments are rapidly emerging, using both somatic stem cells and pluripotent stem cells. Key Messages: In this review, we focus on the current state of factor-based or cell-based regenerative medicine in the treatment of IBD. Additionally, we would like to introduce current examples of tissue engineering technologies and provide future prospects for the application of regenerative medicine in IBD.
Immune System Activation in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Induced by the Systemic Abscopal Effects of Radiation Therapy
Authors: D’Andrea Mark A. , Reddy G. Kesava
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by large histopathologic heterogeneity and classified with multiple histological subtypes. Radiation therapy has long played a key role in the management of both local and metastatic RCC. An out-of-field tumor regression (abscopal response) effect of radiation therapy has gained significant importance in the treatment of different tumor types including RCC. In this study, we provide a detailed overview of the current state of knowledge and clinical experience of radiation therapy-induced abscopal effects in patients with advanced RCC. Methods: The PRISMA guidelines were followed to identify the published articles for the study. Using electronic databases such as MEDLINE via PubMed and Google Scholar, a systematic literature review was performed to find published clinical evidence for radiation therapy-induced abscopal effects in patients with advanced RCC. The clinical data of radiation therapy-induced abscopal effects were reviewed, and the outcomes have been summarized. Results: In this study, we evaluated peer-reviewed published reports to find clinical evidence for the abscopal effect following radiation therapy in patients with advanced RCC. The clinical data on the systemic abscopal effects of radiation therapy were reviewed, and the outcomes were summarized. Our literature search indicated that the evidence for abscopal effects of radiation therapy in advanced RCC yielded over 20 case reports. The evidence indicates that abscopal effects of local radiation therapy may occur in RCC through tumor cell destruction with the subsequent release of tumor antigens that systemically stimulate the immune system of the host to activate the body’s immune effector cells and produce distant nontarget antitumor effects. The activation of the immune system by local radiation therapy forms the basis to combine immunotherapy to boost its abscopal effects. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings suggest that radiation therapy can induce systemic abscopal effects through immune system activation, and thus, the addition of immunotherapeutic agents increases the potential to boost the systemic abscopal responses in patients with advanced cancers including RCC.
“Nosotros no vamos a dejar al Río”: re-existencias de maestras/os indígenas en la lucha por los commons en el norte del Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Ugalde Diana Cecilia
Published: November 2022

Con el objetivo de analizar las tensiones ontológicas que enfrenta la Educación Propia y las prácticas de re-existencia de las/os maestras/os indígenas frente a grupos de poder de la región norte del Cauca, Colombia, se hace, primero, una lectura cartografiada de las tensiones político-ontológicas del territorio. Posteriormente, se presentan los mecanismos de lucha que realizan las/os maestras/os indígenas por la prevalencia de las ontologías y proyectos de vida de los pueblos. Con este fin, se define el marco referencial desde los aportes de pedagogías otras, anticoloniales y anticapitalistas, además de contribuciones que surgen epistemológica y políticamente desde el giro decolonial, y algunos otros desde la pedagogía crítica. Los datos fueron recabados a través del método etnográfico en una estancia prolongada en el departamento del Cauca, en el año 2017, y fueron sistematizados a través del método propuesto por Bertely (2000) sobre la etnografía educativa.
Escutando com o corpo: sensibilidade, música e corpo numa cena local de dança do ventre
Authors: Giesbrecht Erica
Published: November 2022

No presente artigo intento mostrar a intrínseca relação entre a percepção musical e a agência corpórea desenvolvida na prática da dança do ventre, lançando mão de instrumental teórico da etnomusicologia e da antropologia. Em seguida, procuro pensar como a experiência de escuta musical na dança do ventre, que envolve o corpo como um todo, se desenvolve e produz efeitos entre as praticantes da dança. Essas reflexões são precedidas por uma breve ponderação que situa os corpos envolvidos numa cena específica – a cidade de São Paulo – demonstrando em que medida essa localização particulariza o processo da dança em comparação a outros lugares do mundo onde é disseminada.
Efeito da estimulação auditiva rítmica associada à fisioterapia na mobilidade funcional de idosos sedentários: um ensaio clínico randomizado
Authors: Nascimento Camila Maria Mendes , Oliveira Ana Paula Silva de , Souza Jéssica Maria Nogueira de , Lima Ágata Rodrigues de , Lima Jonathas Carlos de , Souza Erivaldo Lopes de , Lins Carla Cabral dos Santos Accioly , Coriolano Maria das Graças Wanderley de Sales
Published: November 2022

A Estimulação Auditiva Rítmica (EAR) tem despertado interesse pelos efeitos positivos durante o envelhecimento sobre os declínios da mobilidade. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de um treinamento com estimulação auditiva rítmica associada à fisioterapia sobre mobilidade funcional em idosos sedentários. Métodos: Neste ensaio clínico randomizado, controlado, simples cego os idosos foram alocados em três grupos: controle (GC), estimulação auditiva rítmica associada à fisioterapia (EAR+FT) e fisioterapia (FT). Os grupos FT e EAR+FT foram submetidos a 12 sessões com o protocolo da fisioterapia (três vezes por semana, 40 min/sessão). Ao grupo EAR+FT eram acrescidos a estimulação auditiva rítmica com música (10-20 min/sessão), fornecidos pelo aplicativo ParkinSONS®. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizada a ANOVA two-way com medidas repetidas para comparação entre os grupos e o tempo, com o post hoc de Tukey. O tamanho do efeito das intervenções também foi calculado. O nível de significância estabelecido foi de p<0.05. Resultados: Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os grupos. Na análise pareada, foi observado que o grupo EAR+FT apresentou resultados significativos e tamanho do efeito benéfico com aumento da velocidade (p= 0.0001), redução do tempo (p= 0.001) e do número de passos (p= 0.0007), redução nos valores do TUG (p= 0.0001), aumento do deslocamento no TAF (p= 0.0001), melhora dos escores no TUG-ABS (p= 0.003) e PAP (p= 0.0001). Conclusão: Verificou-se um efeito positivo do uso da EAR associada à fisioterapia sobre mobilidade funcional de idosos sedentários, repercutindo sobre os parâmetros espaços-temporais, o risco de quedas e a execução de atividades funcionais.
Rewriting a Contentious Omen
Authors: Woods David
Published: November 2022

This paper investigates why Tacitus dates the alleged appearance of the phoenix in Egypt during the reign of the emperor Tiberius to AD 34 in contrast to Pliny the Elder and Dio who date it to AD 36. It argues that the appearance of the phoenix had originally been invented as an omen not so much of the death of Tiberius, but of the succession of Caligula, and that a later source changed the date of this alleged appearance and cast doubt on its validity in order to deprive Caligula of an omen that had seemed to characterize his reign as a time of renewal. Tacitus then followed this source.
Les notices d’Abū Qaṭīfa et Maʿbad comme introduction au Kitāb al-Aġānī
Authors: Bertrand Loïc
Published: November 2022

Si l’on en croit al-Iṣfahānī, c’est à la présence d’Abū Qaṭīfa parmi les auteurs des trois premières chansons choisies que le Kitāb al-Aġānī doit en partie sa structure si singulière : l’auteur des vers de la première chanson n’étant ni le plus grand ni le plus ancien des poètes, le livre ne pouvait adopter une progression thématique, ni chronologique, ni hiérarchique. Cet article fait l’hypothèse que le premier couple de notices biographiques (celles d’Abū Qaṭīfa et Maʿbad) du Kitāb al-Aġānī a valeur de pacte de lecture et porte un commentaire auctorial général sur l’ouvrage. Nous montrons l’importance de la réflexivité comme principe de composition et de lecture à partir de trois thèmes introduits par la première chanson : la nostalgie, le fait de se défendre soi-même de l’abaissement et du mépris, et la capacité à garder le secret. Ces thèmes reçoivent, dans les deux notices qui suivent, un écho tel qu’ils se laissent lire comme l’exergue de l’ouvrage.
Tashbih: The Logic of Annihilation of the Other
Authors: Badran Yazan
Published: November 2022

Tashbih, in Syrian vernacular, has long referred to a diverse constellation of practices and acts—invariably illegal and often articulated with violence or the threat of violence—perpetrated by individuals and groups, the Shabbiha, with deep (often kin-based) ties to the Baathist regime of President Hafez al-Assad and later his son, Bashar al-Assad. The ebb and flow of the role played by the Shabbiha since then and the meaning of Tashbih in Syria’s political culture has followed closely the fortunes of their patron, the Assad regime. This article will sketch the origins of the term, its underlying practices and antagonisms, and trace the fluctuation and diffusion of its meaning and application particularly following the 2011 uprising in Syria.
Al-nuzuh: Displacement as Keyword
Authors: McManus Anne-Marie
Published: November 2022

In 2022, more than half of Syria’s population have been displaced as they escaped from the destruction of their homes and livelihoods, forced resettlement, terror and overall defeat. This article focuses on the keyword al-nuzuh (displacement). It explores how al-nuzuh generates new representational codes for Syrian and Syrian-Palestinian experiences concerning the politics of displacement and an accumulated sense of loss. These codes encompass the material hardships of displacement but also make visible Syrians’ and Syrian-Palestinians’ affective, social, and existential experiences of precarity and abandonment. In this sense, my explanation of al-nuzuh departs from humanitarian and conflict management discourses to center on the perspectives of those who feel defeated in Syria and its diaspora. The article explores cultural production by Syrians and Syrian-Palestinians and how they relate to new forms of memory and collectivity about uprooting and defeat. These forms reject existing rhetorical modes of depicting mass displacement to re-write the connections between the contemporary destruction of social worlds in Syria and earlier in the former and Palestine since 1948.
Characteristics of Dust Storms Generated by Trapped Waves in the Lee of Mountains
Authors: Evan Amato T. , Porter William C. , Clemesha Rachel , Kuwano Alex , Frouin Robert
Published: November 2022

In situ observations and output from a numerical model are utilized to examine three dust outbreaks that occurred in the northwestern Sonoran Desert. Via analysis of these events, it is shown that trapped waves generated in the lee of an upwind mountain range produced high surface wind speeds along the desert floor and the observed dust storms. Based on analysis of observational and model output, general characteristics of dust outbreaks generated by trapped waves are suggested, including dust-layer depths and concentrations that are dependent upon wave phase and height above the surface, emission and transport associated with the presence of a low-level jet, and wave-generated high wind speeds and thus emission that occurs far downwind of the wave source. Trapped lee waves are ubiquitous in Earth’s atmosphere and thus it is likely that the meteorological aspects of the dust storms examined here are also relevant to understanding dust in other regions. These dust outbreaks occurred near the Salton Sea, an endorheic inland body of water that is rapidly drying due to changes in water-use management. As such, these findings are also relevant in terms of understanding how future changes in size of the Salton Sea will impact dust storms and air quality there.

Significance Statement

Dust storms are ubiquitous in Earth’s atmosphere, yet the physical processes underlying dust emission and subsequent transport are not always understood, in part due to the wide variety of meteorological processes that can generate high winds and dust. Here we use in situ measurements and numerical modeling to demonstrate that vertically trapped atmospheric waves generated by air flowing over a mountain are one such mechanism that can produce dust storms. We suggest several features of these dust outbreaks that are specific to their production by trapped waves. As the study area is a region undergoing rapid environmental change, these results are relevant in terms of predicting future dust there.
Comparison of Moisture Sources and Sinks Estimated with Different Versions of FLEXPART and FLEXPART-WRF Models Forced with ECMWF Reanalysis Data
Authors: Fernández-Alvarez José C. , Vázquez Marta , Pérez-Alarcón Albenis , Nieto Raquel , Gimeno Luis
Published: November 2022

Moisture transport and changes in the source–sink relationship play a vital role in the atmospheric branch of the hydrological cycle. Lagrangian approaches have emerged as the dominant tool to account for estimations of moisture sources and sinks; those that use the FLEXPART model fed by ERA-Interim reanalysis are most commonly used. With the release of the higher spatial resolution ERA5, it is crucial to compare the representation of moisture sources and sinks using the FLEXPART Lagrangian model with different resolutions in the input data, as well as its version for WRF-ARW input data, the FLEXPART-WRF. In this study, we compare this model for 2014 and moisture sources for the Iberian Peninsula and moisture sinks of North Atlantic and Mediterranean. For comparison criteria, we considered FLEXPARTv9.0 outputs forced by ERA-Interim reanalysis as “control” values. It is concluded that FLEXPARTv10.3 forced with ERA5 data at various horizontal resolutions (0.5° and 1°) represents moisture source and sink zones as represented forced by ERA-Interim (1°). In addition, the version fed with the dynamic downscaling WRF-ARW outputs (∼20 km), previously forced with ERA5, also represents these patterns accurately, allowing this tool to be used in future investigations at higher resolutions and for regional domains.

Significance Statement

The FLEXPART dispersion model forced with ERA5 reanalysis data at various resolutions represents moisture source and sink zones compared to when it is forced by ERA-Interim. When the Weather Research and Forecasting Model is used to dynamically downscale ERA5, FLEXPART-WRF can also represent moisture sources and sinks, allowing this tool to be used in future investigations requiring higher resolution and regional domains and on regions with a predominance of complex orography due to its ability to represent local moisture transport.
Managing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) interference in EDTA contaminated samples – selectivity in reporting analytes
Authors: Kalaria Tejas , Ford Clare , Gama Rousseau
Published: November 2022

Background

The widely accepted practice of not reporting any results from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) contaminated samples necessitates repeat phlebotomy and could delay clinical management decisions. EDTA, however, interferes variably or not at all in assays. EDTA concentration in contaminated samples, like serum indices, therefore, could be used to selectively report the result of analytes not affected at measured EDTA concentration.

Methods

A serum pool, level 1 and level 3 internal quality control materials were spiked with tripotassium-EDTA to create samples with EDTA concentration up to 6.0 mmol/L. EDTA and 45 common and critically important analytes were measured on Abbott Architect to identify EDTA concentrations for analytes where the change in concentration exceeded their respective reference change value (RCV) for unidirectional change at 95% probability.

Results

Serum potassium increased and calcium decreased exceeding RCV at 0.17 mmol/L EDTA. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased exceeding RCV at EDTA >1.86 mmol/L. The decrease in iron did not exceed a wide RCV of 61.9% until maximum spiked EDTA but exceeded the desirable specification for allowable total error (30.7%) at EDTA >1.86 mmol/L. The small decrease in magnesium did not exceed RCV. EDTA up to the concentration in blood collection tubes did not affect the results of any other measured analyte.

Conclusions

Only serum potassium, calcium, ALP and iron studies, of the 45 analytes studied, should not be reported in EDTA contaminated samples. EDTA concentration cut-offs for selective reporting would further facilitate reporting of these analytes in EDTA contaminated samples.
In-plane shear and tensile behavior of two-pass injection-molded glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composites with different fiber lengths
Authors: Osama M. M. , Selmy A. I. , Abdelhaleem Ayman M. M. , Megahed A. A.
Published: November 2022

Glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (GF-PP) composites have proven a great potential in the designation and manufacturing of control arms, leaf springs, barriers, beams and bridge decks. Two-pass injection molding of GF-PP was investigated in this study. Polypropylene (PP) was injected with different weight fractions (w%) of chopped glass fibers (GFs) with different fiber feedstock lengths (FFSLs). The composites were then crushed and re-injected once again. Some specimens were burned out to check the actual weight fractions and fiber lengths after the injection processes. The fiber lengths dramatically decreased due to damages during two-pass injection processes and crushing. The manufactured specimens were tested in tension, and the results indicated that the tensile strength increased slightly at w = 10% of GF. Further increase of GF weight fraction leads to a drop in the tensile strength below neat PP. The results of SEM micrographs showed an increase in air voids concentrations at high GF percentages which clarifies the reason behind the drop in the tensile strength. Also, in-plane shear tests were carried out using the Iosipescu fixture where a slight increase in the in-plane shear strength was noticed by increasing fiber weight fractions. In-plane shear moduli of all specimens were measured experimentally by strain gauges and calculated theoretically. The shear modulus was enhanced by glass fiber addition and a further increase was noticed by increasing the fiber weight fractions.
The Fight to End Neoliberal Madness in Honduras
Authors: Pine Adrienne
Published: November 2022

While limited in numbers, unionized workers at the two psychiatric hospitals in Honduras have had an important impact in the evolving struggle to improve conditions in their facilities and their country. In the 57 years since the union was formed, its members have modified their strategies in response to major political changes, including the implementation of neoliberal policies led by international financial institutions, and the 2009 coup. The union has fought to achieve better conditions for workers and patients while facing serious challenges, including a context of institutional psychiatry that has dramatically failed to meet the mental health care needs of the Honduran population over the past century and neoliberal policies that have increased structural vulnerability, trauma, and the incidence of associated embodied manifestations—including mental illness—among Hondurans while increasing stigma against the mentally ill and drastically weakened the infrastructure and quality of health care through defunding and privatization.

Aunque limitados en número, los trabajadores sindicalizados en los dos hospitales psiquiátricos de Honduras han tenido un impacto importante en la lucha progresiva por mejorar las condiciones en las instalaciones y su país. En los 57 años transcurridos desde la formación del sindicato, sus miembros han modificado sus estrategias en respuesta a los principales cambios políticos, incluyendo la implementación de políticas neoliberales liderada por instituciones financieras internacionales, y el golpe de estado de 2009. La lucha militante del sindicato por mejorar las condiciones para los trabajadores y los pacientes ha enfrentado serios desafíos. Estos incluyen un contexto de psiquiatría institucional que ha fracasado dramáticamente, probándose incapaz de satisfacer las necesidades de atención de salud mental de la población hondureña durante el siglo pasado, así como las políticas neoliberales que han aumentado la vulnerabilidad estructural, el trauma y la incidencia de manifestaciones somáticas asociadas (como las enfermedades mentales) entre los hondureños. Al mismo tiempo el neoliberalismo ha aumentado el estigma contra los enfermos mentales, mientras que la infraestructura y la calidad de la atención a la salud se han debilitado drásticamente a raíz de la desfinanciación y la privatización.
Improving actuation strain and breakdown strength of natural rubber dielectric elastomers incorporated with AlN with silane grafting
Authors: Ruan Mengnan , Li Bo , Guo Dandan , Nie Weixing , Wang Shenao , Liu Zhifeng
Published: November 2022

In this study, dielectric elastomers offering intrinsically good integrated performances are achieved by introducing AlN particles grafted with γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (KH570). The C=C of KH570 participated in the vulcanization of NR, which could increase the dispersions and interfacial interactions. By incorporating 10 phr AlN-KH570 fillers, the dielectric and mechanical properties of the composite are increased compared with the pristine DEA, and the breakdown strength remains above 93.9 kV/mm. Correspondingly, the actuation strain of 10 phr AlN-KH570/NR composite is 7 times higher than that of pristine DEA under the same driving voltage. Consequently, the AlN particles developed here are promising candidates as dielectric in actuators, and their excellent electromechanical properties could be applied in future industrial applications of DEs.
Save Infant's Live or Save Economic Growth? An Analysis by ARDL Approach: Case of India
Authors: Ifa Adel , Guetat Iméne
Published: November 2022

India is one of the top 10 countries in CO2 emissions and it is considered one of the countries with the highest infant mortality rate. For these reasons, the state of health of population has become the object of studies and monitoring by many organizations and experts. In this study we try to analyze the short and long run relationship between neonatal mortality rate, economic growth, energy consumption (renewable and non-renewable), female literacy, and air pollution in India during 1970–2021 periods by using ARDL approach and VECM method. It appears that female literacy, economic growth and renewable energy consumption have an important role in reducing neonatal mortality rate. By contrast, non-renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions and working mother's strongly increase neonatal mortality. From these results, Indian government is required to provide for the basic needs of mothers by guaranteeing her right to education and improving their standard of living. The Indian government should also reduce air pollution by launching projects, using clean and environmentally friendly energy, and constructing industrial areas away from population centers. Also, it is necessary to Also, it is necessary to reduce the dependance on energy sources polluting due to the high cost and instability of prices in the traditional energy market, as well as reducing of the global warming and the danger it poses to continuous heat and climate change.
The Polarizing Effect of Anti-Immigrant Violence on Radical Right Sympathies in Germany
Authors: Eger Maureen A. , Olzak Susan
Published: November 2022

While radical right parties championing anti-immigrant platforms have made electoral gains throughout Europe, anti-immigrant sentiment—a key indicator of radical right support—has not dramatically increased during this same period. In this article, we seek to help make sense of this paradox by incorporating a contextual factor missing from previous studies: levels of anti-immigrant violence. Our key argument is that higher levels of collective violence targeting immigrants raise the salience of the immigrant/native boundary, which activates both positive and negative views of immigrants and makes these attitudes more cognitively accessible and politically relevant. This argument implies that exposure to violence against immigrants should strengthen existing prejudice (or empathy) toward immigrants and engender feelings of affinity (or antipathy) for radical right parties. Analyses of the German portion of the European Social Survey (ESS 2014 − 2019) and the Anti-Refugee Violence in Germany (ARVIG 2014 − 2017) datasets reveal a powerful interaction effect: exposure to higher levels of collective violence increased the probability of feeling closest to radical right parties among those who held neutral, negative, and extremely negative views of immigrants. However, these events were not associated with radical right sympathies among those holding pro-immigrant attitudes. We conclude that when violence against immigrants resonates with public opinion on immigrants, it opens new political opportunities for radical right parties. These findings should inform future research on the politicization of international migration, especially studies investigating how anti-immigrant attitudes translate into political outcomes.
Ethics in Science and Technology Policy-Making: A Proposed Normative Framework
Authors: Namdarian Leila , Sharifzadeh Rahman , Khedmatgozar Hamid Reza
Published: November 2022

In the twenty-first century, the focus of science and technology (S&T) on the human interests and the accessible interests of society, and so the rise of some questions concerning the impact of S&T on social norms, has led to embedding ethical debates in S&T policy-making. The ethics of S&T policy-making, as a representation of the relationship between ethics and S&T policy-making, is a relatively new area of applied and professional ethics that addresses the dilemmas and ethical challenges of the S&T policy-making process. Understanding and recognizing the ethical components of S&T policy-making, one can develop a normative framework to assist policymakers in designing and analyzing ethical policies in the S&T field. The design and development of such a framework is the main purpose of the present study. In this study, the components of the proposed framework for ethical policy-making in S&T, their ethical and policy approaches, as well as their fundamental ethical and policy principles have been identified through studying sources and texts related to meta-ethics, normative ethics, and S&T ethics. Then, these components have been categorized in the form of steps for ethical policy-making using the thematic analysis method. Based on the results of this study, the ethical policy-making steps in S&T include problem identification, information gathering and feeding of the policy process, policy advice and policy formulation, policy implementation, and policy evaluation, which follow 9 ethical principles and 13 policy principles.
Clostridium difficile colitis and peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis: ‘Difficile’ treatment considerations
Authors: Giuliani Anna , Lerco Silvia , Manani Sabrina Milan , Marcello Matteo , Tantillo Ilaria , Nicolin Roberto , Ronco Claudio , Zanella Monica
Published: November 2022

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) associated peritonitis is the leading cause of PD discontinuation and haemodialysis transfer. Current guidelines strongly recommend prompt initiation of empiric broad-spectrum intraperitoneal antibiotics, with suspected peritonitis. Clostridium difficile colitis is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections, with increased morbidity and mortality among end-stage kidney disease patients. Clinical presentation is mainly characterised by diarrhoea of varying severity, which may eventually evolve into toxic megacolon and paralytic ileus. However, PD patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) may also have colitis-triggered peritonitis, presenting challenging scenario for antibiotic treatment strategy, since broad-spectrum antibiotics against peritonitis may worsen CDI-related colitis, while inappropriate or discontinuation of antibiotic therapy may worsen peritonitis. Currently, guidelines on peritonitis management do not include such challenging clinical situations, although increasingly common. We herein describe a case of a patient, with culture-negative PD associated peritonitis and CDI, presenting with diarrhoea, abdominal pain and cloudy effluent.
Admittance signature of piezoceramic transducers bonded on different materials
Authors: Zhang Yaowen , Huo Linsheng , He Ying , Zhao Jing
Published: November 2022

In the electro-mechanical impedance technique (EMI) for structural health monitoring, the admittance change between the free state and bonded state can play a crucial role in the selection of the optimal frequency range prior to attachment. However, the frequency shift after bonding has so far been ignored. This paper investigates the change in the admittance of the PZT patch after bonding to different materials via experimentation and numerical simulation. The results show that the frequency shift of the first resonance frequency is dependent on the material of the substrate. For passive materials, the frequency shift is between −15 and 15 kHz. With active materials, the frequency shift is between 40 and 80 kHz. Furthermore, the frequency shift is related to the elastic modulus of the materials, with a high elastic modulus resulting in a large frequency shift. The findings lay the foundation for a more comprehensive understanding of the admittance at the bonded state and for the proper application of the EMI technique.
Self-Recognition, Self-Efficacy, and Confidence Intervention of Kunjing Children Without Sufficient Parental Care
Authors: Wang Miao , Liu Kexin
Published: November 2022

Objective: Kunjing children are children in need. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a pilot trial to promote the self-recognition, self-efficacy, and confidence of kunjing children without sufficient parental care (KCw/oSPC) in Mainland China. Method This intervention was a randomized controlled trial (RCT), 57 KCw/oSPC were recruited and allocated to treatment ( n = 24) and waiting group ( n = 33) randomly. Participants in treatment group received group-based services, while waiting group didn’t receive any services in this trial period. We assessed participants’ self-recognition, self-efficacy, and confidence in both groups during the pre- and post-treatment periods. Results: Group comparison results suggested that the group-based intervention was effective to promote the self-recognition, self-efficacy, and confidence of KCw/oSPC, with a large effect size as Cohen's d values suggested. Conclusion: This intervention was essential for KCw/oSPC in practice. Suggestions were provided to inform social work practice, involving integrating services, usage of group-based intervention module, and services settings.
A Review of Current and Emerging Therapeutic Options for Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Summerlin Jenna , Wells Drew A. , Anderson Mary Kate , Halford Zachery
Published: November 2022

Objective:

To provide an overview of clinical sequelae and emerging treatment options for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).

Data Sources:

A literature search was conducted using the search terms “hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,” “hemophagocytic syndrome,” “macrophage activation syndrome,” and “treatment” on Ovid and PubMed from January 1, 2017, through September 28, 2022.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Relevant clinical trials, meta-analyses, case reports, review articles, package inserts, and guidelines to identify current and emerging therapeutic options for the management of HLH.

Data Synthesis:

Genetic disorders and secondary causes may trigger HLH in both children and adults. Notable improvements in the diagnosis of HLH were seen with implementation of the HLH-2004 standard diagnostic criteria; however, timely and accurate identification of HLH remain significant barriers to optimal management. Multiagent immunochemotherapy are the backbone of aggressive therapy for acutely ill patients with HLH.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

The global coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and emerging immune effector cell therapies have served to highlight the concerns with immune dysregulation and subsequent HLH precipitation. Without prompt identification and treatment, HLH can be fatal. Historically, the clinician’s armamentarium for managing HLH was sparse, with etoposide-based protocols serving as the standard of care. Relapsed or refractory disease portends a poor prognosis and requires additional treatment options. Second- or subsequent-line options now include hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, emapalumab, alemtuzumab, anakinra, ruxolitinib, and tocilizumab.

Conclusions:

Improvements in diagnostic methods and novel immunosuppressive treatment strategies, including noncytotoxic immunochemotherapy, have transformed the therapeutic landscape. Unfortunately, many unanswered questions remain. Additional studies are required to optimize dosing, schedules, treatment sequences, and indications for novel treatment options.
Trust is Not a Virtue: Why We Should Not Trust Trust
Authors: Bolton Matthew L.
Published: November 2022

There is currently significant research and industry interest in engineering machines and algorithms that humans will trust. This is justified as a means for facilitating the adoption of developing technology. However, there are many problems with trust that directly relate to its epistemological validity, usefulness, ethical implications, and potential for human disempowerment. This article explores trust from this perspective in the hopes of encouraging the human factors engineering community to de-emphasize trust as an end goal and replace it with more objective measures and good human factors engineering practices.
Competitors in Aid: How International Rivalry Affects Public Support for Aid Under Various Frames
Authors: Chung Eunbin , Pechenkina Anna O. , Skinner Kiron K.
Published: November 2022

International rivals often employ foreign aid to shape international institutions and alliances. This paper asks whether Americans are more supportive of allocating aid to Latin America when they learn about China’s aid programs in the region. Since the average citizen lacks detailed knowledge about foreign policy, communication frames could influence citizens’ support for aid. We, therefore, examine how various framing devices (national pride, humanitarian value, and instrumental value) affect public support for aid. Drawing on social psychology’s model of self-identifying with a group, we argue that one’s awareness of donor competition should boost support for aid. We innovate by using two dependent variables: support for giving US aid and the willingness to donate one’s own resources. A survey experiment with a high-quality sample of 2700 respondents reveals that rivalry has a different effect on these dependent variables: informing respondents of donor rivalry increases support for US aid but has no effect on respondents’ willingness to donate their own reward. Additionally, exposing subjects to the combination of rivalry and all three frames boosts approval for using tax dollars as aid; however, only national pride and humanitarian value appeals strengthen the respondents’ willingness to donate their own earnings.
Questioning Contemporary Universalist Approaches to Human Flourishing
Authors: Fowers Blaine J. , Novak Lukas F. , Kiknadze Nona C. , Calder Alex J.
Published: November 2022

This article takes stock of the growing interest in flourishing measurement. The focus is on three challenges in this domain: the degree of coherent theorizing, the overreliance on psychometric validation, and the questionable universality of the measures. A rigorous process identified the eight most widely documented flourishing measures. All eight measures struggled with the three challenges. First, all measures were constructed on intuitive grounds, whether those bases were existing literatures, personal conceptualizations, or the intuition of an opposition of mental illness and flourishing. Second, all measures were assessed almost exclusively with psychometric studies, with little evidence of theoretical or cultural validity. Finally, all eight measures implicitly or explicitly assume cultural universality without providing theoretical argument or empirical evidence for that assumption. This stock-taking resulted in two main conclusions. First, there are areas of both consensus (e.g., that flourishing is a measurable, multidimensional construct) and dissensus (e.g., the components of flourishing) that can provide bases for future theory and research. Second, systematic theoretical argument is necessary to better understand what flourishing is, how it can be validly measured, and the degree to which it can be considered a universal human experience. It is time to address these theoretical and cultural questions.
Palliative radiation therapy as a treatment for feline urinary bladder masses in four cats
Authors: Yoon Paula , Murakami Keiko , Athanasiadi Ilektra , Rancilio Nicholas J
Published: November 2022

Case series summary

Urinary bladder masses in four cats were treated with palliative radiation therapy (RT). Three cats were previously diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD): International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage 2 in two cats and IRIS stage 3 in one cat. One cat had a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and inflammatory bowel disease. Three cats had urinary tract infections diagnosed by urine culture and susceptibility testing prior to or during treatment. All patients had urine cytospin cytology performed; one case showed suspect urothelial carcinoma and three had no cytological evidence of neoplasia. All clients declined further sampling from the bladder masses. Therefore, cytologic/histologic diagnosis in all cases was not available. An abdominal ultrasound was performed in all cats, which revealed urinary bladder mass(es) prior to referral for RT. Three cats had pretreatment thoracic radiographs, which revealed no evidence of pulmonary metastasis. An abdominal CT was performed in all cases and one case had thoracic CT performed for staging. The thoracic CT showed a focal lesion of unknown etiology in the right caudal lung lobe. Palliative RT was performed with four weekly 6 Gy fractions (24 Gy in total). The urinary signs in all cats resolved over the course of RT: after the first RT treatment in two cats and after the second RT treatment in two cats. There were two Veterinary Radiation Therapy Oncology Group grade 1 gastrointestinal and one grade 2 genitourinary acute RT side effects.

Relevance and novel information

This is the first report in the literature of a standardized RT protocol as a treatment option for feline urinary bladder masses.