bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alternative Techniques of Ligament Reconstruction in Patients with Combined Cruciate and Postero-lateral Corner Injuries of the Knee
Authors: Khominets V. V. , Kudyashev A. L. , Bazarov I. S. , Grankin A. S. , Rikun O. V. , Rezvantsev M. V. , Fedorov R. A.
Published: December 2020

Background. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of the patients with multiligament knee injuries. A significant proportion of unsatisfactory outcomes of such injuries treatment is associated with this injury features and the objective difficulties of its surgical correction. This determines the need for searching the optimal methods of diagnosis and treatment of such an injury. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of surgical treatment of the patients with multiligament knee injury, including the injury of the ligament-tendon complex of the knee posterolateral angle with two different techniques. Materials and Methods. The study included 51 patients with multiligament knee injury undergone the surgical treatment from 2007 to 2019. The average age of the patients was 32.1±9.2 years. The patients were divided into two groups. The patients of the main group (24 patients) underwent reconstruction of the cruciate ligaments and the main structures of the posterolateral angle: the fibular collateral ligament, the popliteofibular ligament, and the popliteus tendon. The patients of the comparison group (27 patients) underwent the reconstruction of the cruciate ligaments supplemented with isolated fibular collateral ligament grafting. The results obtained were evaluated clinically using the Lysholm scale (1982), by determining the subjective assessment of treatment outcomes, and by functional X-ray and MRI. The results of the treatment were studied in all injures: in the main group in 9 months, in the comparison group on average in 16 months after the surgery (from 9 to 43 months). Results. The use of the developed diagnostic and surgical methods made it possible to improve the clinical and functional results by the Lysholm scale: the main group 82 [70; 86] points vs the control group 68 [64; 76] points (p = 0.003). The II degree residual lateral instability was observed in 2 patients of the main group and in 7 patients of the control. 19 (79.2%) patients in the main group and 18 (66.7%) in the control were satisfied with treatment outcomes according to the scale of subjective assessment. There were no patients who rated the result of their treatment as “good” in the both groups. Conclusion. The practical employment of the proposed modification of the fibular collateral ligament grafting by the LaPrade in the patients with multiligament knee injury makes it possible the statistically significant improvement of the treatment functional results after the reconstructive surgery in the medium term (9 months) compared with the patients undergone isolated fibular collateral ligament grafting. The unsatisfactory results of the treatment caused by the severity and morphological features of the injuries. They require further study, as well as the improvement of the surgical techniques.
Surgical Treatment of Humerus Fracture-Dislocations: Medium-Term Results
Authors: Egiazaryan K. A. , Ratyev A. P. , Ershov D. S. , Kuruch E. A. , Kuznetsov V. N. , Ovcharenko N. V.
Published: December 2020

Background. Fracture-dislocation of the proximal humerus is a severe injury that equally affects both young and old people. Such injuries are often accompanied by the high risk of neurocirculatory and other complications, which defines their great medical and social importance. The purposes of this study were: 1) to compare the mid-term results of the surgical treatment of the patients with dislocation-fractures of the proximal humerus when they were managed according to the standard algorithm or the new one developed by the authors of this study; 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed protocol in relation to the patients with neurological complications in order to elaborate a universal approach to the optimal treatment tactics. Patients and Methods. The treatment results of 73 patients with proximal humerus fracture-dislocation undergone the surgery from 2012 to 2018. The patients were divided into 2 groups, which were managed according to the traditional (control group) or the new algorithms (main group), differing in the time of the surgery, a set of diagnostic methods, and an approach to the prevention and treatment of complications. The patients’ examination included taking patients’ anamnesis, their physical examination, X-rays and multispiral computed tomography of the injured shoulder, electromyoneurography, ultrasound of the upper limb blood vessels, patients’ questioning. Results. A year after the surgery, a statistically significant difference in the functional results was revealed in the patients of the main and control groups by the Constant Shoulder Score (p = 0.0063). In the control group, there was a statistically significant difference of the functional results by Constant Shoulder Score between the patients with and without neurological complications (p = 0.003). There was no statistically significant difference among such patients in the main group (p = 0.387). Conclusion. The main group patients, including those with neurological complications, achieved higher functional results in comparison with the control group. Thus, the authors’ treatment algorithm showed its effectiveness. The surgery within 6 hours from the moment of admission of the patients with humerus fracture-dislocation, as well as the earliest possible diagnosis of neurological injury and treatment of complications significantly improved the prognosis and outcome the main group patients.
Developing Virtual Reality Trauma Training Experiences Using 360-Degree Video: Tutorial (Preprint)
Authors: Patel Devika , Hawkins Jessica , Chehab Lara Zena , Martin-Tuite Patrick , Feler Joshua , Tan Amy , Alpers Benjamin S , Pink Sophia , Wang Jerome , Freise Jonathan , Kim Phillip , Peabody Christopher , Bowditch John , Williams Eric R , Sammann Amanda
Published: December 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Historically, medical trainees were educated in the hospital on real patients. Over the last decade, there has been a shift to practicing skills through simulations with mannequins or patient actors. Virtual reality (VR), and in particular, the use of 360-degree video and audio (cineVR), is the next-generation advancement in medical simulation that has novel applications to augment clinical skill practice, empathy building, and team training. In this paper, we describe methods to design and develop a cineVR medical education curriculum for trauma care training using real patient care scenarios at an urban, safety-net hospital and Level 1 trauma center. The purpose of this publication is to detail the process of finding a cineVR production partner; choosing the camera perspectives; maintaining patient, provider, and staff privacy; ensuring data security; executing the cineVR production process; and building the curriculum.
Cystic Fibrosis Point of Personalized Detection (CFPOPD): An Interactive Web Application (Preprint)
Authors: Wolfe Christopher , Pestian Teresa , Gecili Emrah , Su Weiji , Keogh Ruth H , Pestian John P , Seid Michael , Diggle Peter J , Ziady Assem , Clancy John Paul , Grossoehme Daniel H , Szczesniak Rhonda D , Brokamp Cole
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Despite steady gains in life expectancy, individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease still experience rapid pulmonary decline throughout their clinical course, which can ultimately end in respiratory failure. Point-of-care tools for accurate and timely information regarding the risk of rapid decline is essential for clinical decision support.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to translate a novel algorithm for earlier, more accurate prediction of rapid lung function decline in patients with CF into an interactive web-based application that can be integrated within electronic health record systems, via collaborative development with clinicians.

METHODS

Longitudinal clinical history, lung function measurements, and time-invariant characteristics were obtained for 30,879 patients with CF who were followed in the US Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry (2003-2015). We iteratively developed the application using the R Shiny framework and by conducting a qualitative study with care provider focus groups (N=17).

RESULTS

A clinical conceptual model and 4 themes were identified through coded feedback from application users: (1) ambiguity in rapid decline, (2) clinical utility, (3) clinical significance, and (4) specific suggested revisions. These themes were used to revise our application to the currently released version, available online for exploration. This study has advanced the application’s potential prognostic utility for monitoring individuals with CF lung disease. Further application development will incorporate additional clinical characteristics requested by the users and also a more modular layout that can be useful for care provider and family interactions.

CONCLUSIONS

Our framework for creating an interactive and visual analytics platform enables generalized development of applications to synthesize, model, and translate electronic health data, thereby enhancing clinical decision support and improving care and health outcomes for chronic diseases and disorders. A prospective implementation study is necessary to evaluate this tool’s effectiveness regarding increased communication, enhanced shared decision-making, and improved clinical outcomes for patients with CF.
A Study to Investigate the Prevalence of Device-Specific Errors in Inhaler Technique in Adults With Airway Disease (The SCORES Study): Protocol for a Single Visit Prevalence Study (Preprint)
Authors: De Vos Ruth , Brown Thomas , Longstaff Jayne , Lomax Mitch , Mackenzie Heather , Hicks Alexander , Rupani Hitasha , Gates Jessica , Fox Lauren , Wiffen Laura , Chauhan Anoop J
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

It is a recurring theme in clinical practice that patients using inhaled medications via an inhaler do not use their device to a standard that allows for optimum therapeutic effect, and some studies have shown that up to 90% of people do not use their inhalers properly. Observation and correction of the inhaler technique by health care professionals is advised by both national and international guidelines and should be performed at every opportunity to ensure that the optimum inhaler technique is achieved by the user. This study will provide a greater understanding of the most frequent technique errors made by people using 13 different inhaler types.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to identify and compare inhaler technique errors and their prevalence in adults, using device-specific checklists in accordance with manufacturers’ guidelines, for 13 specific inhaler types across all lung conditions and to correlate these errors with possible determinants of poor technique. It also aims to assess the error frequency at each step in the device-specific questionnaires and compare the error rates among device types.

METHODS

In a single visit, participants using an inhaler included in the inclusion criteria will have their inhaler technique observed using an identical placebo device, which will be recorded using device-specific checklists, and technique-optimized, or switched to a suitable inhaler.

RESULTS

The study is already underway, and it is anticipated that the results will be available by 2022.

CONCLUSIONS

The SCORES (Study to Investigate the Prevalence of Device-Specific Errors in Inhaler Technique in Adults With Airway Disease) study will ascertain the prevalence of device-specific inhaler technique errors at each step in the device-specific checklists, compare error rates among 13 device types, and correlate these errors with possible determinants of poor technique. Future work will involve the clarification and classification of these errors into critical and noncritical categories.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04262271; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04262271

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/26350
Chinese-Named Entity Recognition From Adverse Drug Event Records: Radical Embedding-Combined Dynamic Embedding–Based BERT in a Bidirectional Long Short-term Conditional Random Field (Bi-LSTM-CRF) Model (Preprint)
Authors: Wu Hong , Ji Jiatong , Tian Haimei , Chen Yao , Ge Weihong , Zhang Haixia , Yu Feng , Zou Jianjun , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Liao Jun
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

With the increasing variety of drugs, the incidence of adverse drug events (ADEs) is increasing year by year. Massive numbers of ADEs are recorded in electronic medical records and adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports, which are important sources of potential ADR information. Meanwhile, it is essential to make latent ADR information automatically available for better postmarketing drug safety reevaluation and pharmacovigilance.

OBJECTIVE

This study describes how to identify ADR-related information from Chinese ADE reports.

METHODS

Our study established an efficient automated tool, named BBC-Radical. BBC-Radical is a model that consists of 3 components: Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), bidirectional long short-term memory (bi-LSTM), and conditional random field (CRF). The model identifies ADR-related information from Chinese ADR reports. Token features and radical features of Chinese characters were used to represent the common meaning of a group of words. BERT and Bi-LSTM-CRF were novel models that combined these features to conduct named entity recognition (NER) tasks in the free-text section of 24,890 ADR reports from the Jiangsu Province Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center from 2010 to 2016. Moreover, the man-machine comparison experiment on the ADE records from Drum Tower Hospital was designed to compare the NER performance between the BBC-Radical model and a manual method.

RESULTS

The NER model achieved relatively high performance, with a precision of 96.4%, recall of 96.0%, and F1 score of 96.2%. This indicates that the performance of the BBC-Radical model (precision 87.2%, recall 85.7%, and F1 score 86.4%) is much better than that of the manual method (precision 86.1%, recall 73.8%, and F1 score 79.5%) in the recognition task of each kind of entity.

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed model was competitive in extracting ADR-related information from ADE reports, and the results suggest that the application of our method to extract ADR-related information is of great significance in improving the quality of ADR reports and postmarketing drug safety evaluation.
Extended Reality for Enhanced Telehealth During and Beyond COVID-19: Viewpoint (Preprint)
Authors: Ong Triton , Wilczewski Hattie , Paige Samantha R , Soni Hiral , Welch Brandon M , Bunnell Brian E
Published: December 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

The COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread challenges and revealed vulnerabilities across global health care systems. In response, many health care providers turned to telehealth solutions, which have been widely embraced and are likely to become standard for modern care. Immersive extended reality (XR) technologies have the potential to enhance telehealth with greater acceptability, engagement, and presence. However, numerous technical, logistic, and clinical barriers remain to the incorporation of XR technology into telehealth practice. COVID-19 may accelerate the union of XR and telehealth as researchers explore novel solutions to close social distances. In this viewpoint, we highlight research demonstrations of XR telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic and discuss future directions to make XR the next evolution of remote health care.
Engagement of Government Social Media on Facebook during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Macao: Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Pang Patrick Cheong-Iao , Cai Qixin , Jiang Wenjing , Chan Kin Sun
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Government social media is widely used for providing updates to and engaging with the public in the COVID-19 pandemic, and Facebook is one of the popular social media platforms used by governments. However, there is only a scant of research focusing on these two areas. As the global pandemic has been easing in some places, users also react differently on social media to the messages from governments, which prompts more research in the post-pandemic time.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to understand how government social media is used and how its engagement changes in different stages throughout the pandemic. Macao is one of the jurisdictions in the world that has suppressed the transmissions of COVID-19. The case study of Macao can also provide insights for the recovery period after the pandemic.

METHODS

Posts from the Facebook pages owned by the Macao Government were analyzed. Data were grouped into the prodromal, acute and chronic stages using Fink’s crisis management model, and qualitative content analysis was used to classify data into categories. The average values of the engagement (i.e., the numbers of emotions, comments and shares) were compared.

RESULTS

1,664 posts from January 1st, 2020 to October 31st, 2020 were analyzed. The engagement was relatively low at the beginning and then surged in the acute stage, with a decreasing trend in the chronic stage. Information about latest updates, press conferences, community resilience and appreciation could maintain their engagement in the entire duration. Posts for controlling rumors attracted positive engagement and a high number of shares. The focuses of the public changed throughout the pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS

Government social media should be used with different focuses in different stages of the pandemic, for example, increasing vigilance and awareness in the prodromal stage, disseminating updates and seeking feedback in the acute stage, and focusing on mental health support and recovery policies in the chronic stage. Additionally, government social media can be an effective tool for controlling rumors, providing updates and fostering community engagement in massive public health crises.
Availability, Accessibility, and Quality of Conservative Kidney Management Worldwide
Authors: Lunney Meaghan , Bello Aminu K. , Levin Adeera , Tam-Tham Helen , Thomas Chandra , Osman Mohamed A. , Ye Feng , Bellorin-Font Ezequiel , Benghanem Gharbi Mohammed , Ghnaimat Mohammad , Htay Htay , Cho Yeoungjee , Jha Vivekanand , Ossareh Shahrzad , Rondeau Eric , Sola Laura , Tchokhonelidze Irma , Tesar Vladimir , Tungsanga Kriang , Kazancioglu Rumeyza Turan , Wang Angela Yee-Moon , Yang Chih-Wei , Zemchenkov Alexander , Zhao Ming-hui , Jager Kitty J. , Jindal Kailash K. , Okpechi Ikechi G. , Brown Edwina A. , Brown Mark , Tonelli Marcello , Harris David C. , Johnson David W. , Caskey Fergus J. , Davison Sara N.
Published: December 2020

Background and objectives

People with kidney failure typically receive KRT in the form of dialysis or transplantation. However, studies have suggested that not all patients with kidney failure are best suited for KRT. Additionally, KRT is costly and not always accessible in resource-restricted settings. Conservative kidney management is an alternate kidney failure therapy that focuses on symptom management, psychologic health, spiritual care, and family and social support. Despite the importance of conservative kidney management in kidney failure care, several barriers exist that affect its uptake and quality.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

The Global Kidney Health Atlas is an ongoing initiative of the International Society of Nephrology that aims to monitor and evaluate the status of global kidney care worldwide. This study reports on findings from the 2018 Global Kidney Health Atlas survey, specifically addressing the availability, accessibility, and quality of conservative kidney management.

Results

Respondents from 160 countries completed the survey, and 154 answered questions pertaining to conservative kidney management. Of these, 124 (81%) stated that conservative kidney management was available. Accessibility was low worldwide, particularly in low-income countries. Less than half of countries utilized multidisciplinary teams (46%); utilized shared decision making (32%); or provided psychologic, cultural, or spiritual support (36%). One-quarter provided relevant health care providers with training on conservative kidney management delivery.

Conclusions

Overall, conservative kidney management is available in most countries; however, it is not optimally accessible or of the highest quality.
Cost–effectiveness of second-line nivolumab for platinum-treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Longfeng , Zeng Xiaofang , Cai Hongfu , Li Na , Liu Maobai , Qiu Lingling , Zheng Bin
Published: December 2020

Aim:
To analyze the economic impact of nivolumab and chemotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who developed disease progression after platinum-containing dual-drug chemotherapy.
Materials & methods:
The partitioned survival model was used to analyze the cost-utility of two NSCLC treatments by nivolumab and docetaxel. The clinical data resulted from the Phase III clinical trial. The cost parameters were derived from our previous studies, and the utility parameters were derived from the literature.
Results:
The quality-adjusted life-years of nivolumab and docetaxel were 0.778 and 0.336. The lifetime direct medical expenses of nivolumab and docetaxel were US$44,707.17 and US$12,826.72. The incremental cost–effectiveness ratio was $72,127.71/quality-adjusted life-year.
Conclusion:
The combination of chemotherapy, nivolumab is not a cost-effective choice in the second-line treatment of NSCLC.
COVID-19 crisis memes, rhetorical arena theory and multimodality
Authors: Pulos Rick
Published: December 2020

On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization announced the name of a new disease, COVID-19. As the virus that causes the disease spread across the globe, the world went into crisis mode. The various actors of the COVID-19 crisis include, in part, politicians, scientists, health experts, citizens, journalists, front line workers, first responders, organizations, and so on. Their voices and their related communicative processes play out in the rhetorical arena that emerges from the crisis. Crisis memes are a particularly intriguing and salient part of the COVID-19 public discourse. Combining the theoretical implications of rhetorical arena theory (RAT) with multimodality and its close ties to social semiotics, this paper will analyze the unique nature of memes created during the cycle of a crisis.
COVID-19 and (hydroxy)chloroquine: a dispute over scientific truth during Bolsonaro's weekly Facebook live streams
Authors: Pontalti Monari Ana Carolina , Santos Allan , Sacramento Igor
Published: December 2020

As successive studies have shown that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are ineffective in treating COVID-19, this article investigates how the Brazilian president, Jair Bolsonaro, disputes the truth around science to convince the population that these drugs can save lives, preserve jobs and restore economic growth. Using Charaudeau's theory [Charaudeau, 2007, 2010} as a methodological framework, as well as understanding that right-wing populism has embodied post-truth communication as a distinctive feature of contemporary politics, we observed Bolsonaro's weekly Facebook live streams — known as ‘lives’ — for 14 weeks, identifying them as a communicative device that offers Bolsonaro the material conditions to interact directly with his public. Finally, we structured our analysis according to the three most common themes — questioning delays due to an insistence on scientific methodology, overvaluation of personal experiences and emphasis on individuals' freedom of choice — to observe the emotional images and discursive scenarios the Brazilian president stages to produce the intended pathemic effects of his discourse: hope and urgency; trust and distrust; freedom and polarization.
The COVID-19 mirror: reflecting science-society relationships across 11 countries
Authors: Metcalfe Jennifer , Riedlinger Michelle , Bauer Martin W. , Chakraborty Anwesha , Gascoigne Toss , Guenther Lars , Joubert Marina , Kaseje Margaret , Herrera-Lima Susana , Revuelta Gema , Riise Jan , Schiele Bernard
Published: December 2020

Twelve researchers from 11 countries used autoethnographic techniques, keeping diaries over 10 weeks of the COVID-19 crisis, to observe and reflect on changes in the role and cultural authority of science during important stages of viral activity and government action in their respective countries. We followed arguments, discussions and ideas generated by mass and social media about science and scientific expertise, observed patterns and shifts in narratives, and made international comparisons. During regular meetings via video conference, the participating researchers discussed theoretical approaches and our joint methodology for reflecting on our observations. This project is informed by social representations theory, agenda-setting, and frames of meaning associated with the rise and fall of expertise and trust. This paper presents our observations and reflections on the role and authority of science in our countries from March 10 to May 31, 2020. This is the first stage of a longer-term project that aims to identify, analyse and compare changes in science-society relationships over the course of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Análise dos Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso da Licenciatura em Ciências da Natureza
Authors: Chaves Letícia Leite , Krause Bierhalz Crisna Daniela , Stoll Vitor Garcia
Published: December 2020

Este estudo apresenta um panorama da oferta de Licenciatura em Ciências da Natureza no Brasil no ano de 2019 e descreve as perspectivas de avaliação da aprendizagem expressas nos Projetos Pedagógicos dos cursos do Rio Grande do Sul. Denota-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa, documental, tendo os sites institucionais como lócus de busca. Os resultados demonstram ampla distribuição geográfica, com oferta em 19 estados, 38 municípios e 29 instituições. Cabe dizer que as discussões sobre avaliação da aprendizagem estão presentes em menos de 10% do total de componentes curriculares e se concentram nos semestres finais das matrizes curriculares. Na verdade, estudos sobre a oferta das licenciaturas propiciam analisar o interesse das Instituições na oferta e manutenção desses cursos, bem como pensar estratégias de formação docente que rompam com a perspectiva classificatória.
Base INIS: avaliação do grau de utilização pelos alunos de pós-graduação da CNEN
Authors: Negri Sérgio , Filho Ovidio Orlando
Published: December 2020

A base bibliográfica INIS, Sistema Internacional de Informação Nuclear, desenvolvida pela Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica, tem como representante único no Brasil o Centro de Informações Nucleares da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o grau de utilização da base INIS pelos alunos dos programas de pós-graduação na área nuclear, oferecidos pela Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear. Para sua consecução foi adotada uma abordagem centrada nos consumidores e, como instrumento de investigação, um questionário. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a estatística descritiva com a elaboração de tabelas e gráficos, seguidos de sua interpretação. Os resultados evidenciaram que o grau de utilização do Sistema Internacional de Informação Nuclear pelos alunos é baixo, sendo o desconhecimento da base, como fonte para a busca da literatura técnico-científica na área nuclear, um dos principais motivos de sua pouca ou nenhuma utilização. Concluiu-se que a baixa utilização e conhecimento da base INIS, é um forte indicativo da necessidade de revisão do processo de divulgação da base, nos cursos de pós-graduação da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear.
Büro für heimatvetriebene Ausländer (1952–1964): latviešu bēgļi Rietumvācijā un to loma biroja darbībā
Authors: Kangeris Kārlis
Published: December 2020

Gan vāca un publicēja informāciju par stāvokli un notikumiem Austrumu bloka valstīs, gan uzraudzīja bēgļu grupas, izmantojot pašu bēgļu organizatoriskos un personāla resursus
Eiropas Latviešu jaunatnes apvienība (ELJA) – vēsture un nozīme
Authors: Zēgners Ģirts
Published: December 2020

ELJA kongresos sarunu valoda bija latviešu. Sākumā populārs bija sauklis PPP (pulcēties – priecāties – precēties), vēlākos gados to papildināja ar vēl vienu P – par politiku
Latviešu trimdas nozīmīgākās politiskās akcijas: Baltijas brīvības un miera kuģa (1985) piemērs
Authors: Beķere Kristīne
Published: December 2020

Salīdzinot šīs akcijas iegūto publicitāti ar citām trimdā īstenotām plašām politiskām akcijām, gan ir jāņem arī vērā tehnoloģiju attīstība un informācijas aprites uzlabošanās
Sapņiem te nebija vietas
Authors: Priedīte Aija
Published: December 2020

Ilzes Bērziņas atmiņu apkopojuma (2019) Happy Girl: Rīga 1995 ērkšķi paradīzē (Rīga: Albert Street Press) apskats.
Alberts Spoģis devies mūžībā
Authors: Mjartāns Dainis
Published: December 2020

Dzejnieks, filozofs, sabiedriskais darbinieks un Minsteres Latviešu ģimnāzijas pedagogs, arī Akadēmiskās Dzīves apgāda ilggadējais pārstāvis Vācijā Alberts Spoģis kopš 2020. gada 15. marta vairs nav mūsu vidū.
El tabaco entre las tribus indígenas de Colombia
Authors: Uscátegui Mendoza Néstor
Published: December 2020

.
Aspectos de la cultura Tukana
Authors: Fulop Marcos
Published: December 2020

El material que aquí se presenta fue recogido entre el 11 de junio y el 9 de septiembre de 1954, cuando se realizaban trabajos de campo en el caserío de Guadalajara, situado sobre el río Paca, un afluente del río Papurí, en la Comisaría Especial del Vaupés. Desempeñaron las funciones de informador e intérprete Marcos Sierra y Manuel Sierra respectivamente, ambos hermanos sanguíneos, y residentes del cacerío de Guadalajara.

La mitología que aparece en este artículo es una porción muy pequeña de la mitología Tukana total. El autor ha considerado aconsejable no analizar individualmente los mitos publicados aquí, sino esperar a que toda la mitología Tukana sea recogida y publicada.
Alexey Remizov: between Reception and Self-Reflection (The Chosen Pages of the Scrapbook “Foreign Censorship” 1923–1931)
Authors: Obatnina Elena R.
Published: December 2020

The subject of this study is relationship of Alexey Remizov with his readers from
the professional literary community that draws from the materials of the author’s
scrapbook Foreign Censorship — unknown artifact created in 1923–1931. The album as
a product of the literary “everyday life” (“byt”) reflects the process of Remizov’s selfreflection prompted by various instances of editing and criticism of his works in the
emigrant press. The author of this article explains the meaning that Remizov associated
with censorship under the conditions of emigration and highlights the hidden plots
of Remizov’s biography connected with the publication of his censored works. The
collection of materials in the scrapbook reveals Remizov’s rejection of the ready
patterns of the literary norm and stereotypes that affected the perception of his work
by editors. Analysis of the scrapbook’s documents has allowed disclose the reasons
for imposing editorial restrictions on Remizov. The author specifically focuses on the
critical reviews selected by Remizov for his scrapbooks demonstrating the discrepancy
between Remizov’s own “horizon of expectation” and that of his critics. The article is
followed by the publication of the hitherto unpublished archival materials, a welcome
addition to Remizov’s biography that reveals his place in the Russian émigré literary
scene.
Mapping out Methodological Approaches to Russian Symbolism (on the Example of Vyacheslav Ivanov)
Authors: Fedotova Svetlana V.
Published: December 2020

This article is a multidimensional study of Russian symbolism as one of the most
prominent 20th century literary schools that had a major impact on the development
of Russian modernism. The current state of art in the field of modernism is relevant in
the context of the metamodern paradigm. The article specifically focuses on the figure
of Vyacheslav Ivanov, symbolist poet, leading theoretician of this literary school, and
religious thinker who played important role in the development of the so-called Silver
Age in Russian literary history. The purpose of the article is to map out methodological
approaches, representative of contemporary studies of Vyach. Ivanov. The study
bears on the corpus of the most interesting works on Ivanov in the past decades. It
demonstrates that besides traditional philological readings, there are a number of novel
approaches to the poet’s heritage based on philosophical, linguophilosophical, cultural,
religious-axiological, psychoanalytic, hermeneutic, intertextual, or comparative
perspective.
The Russian Theme in English Novels and its Reception in the Reviews of the Anglo-Russian Literary Society
Authors: Arshinova Irina V.
Published: December 2020

From the very beginning of its existence, Anglo-Russian Literary Society had
D.M. Wallace’s following words as its motto. At the end of his his book Russia, he
writes: “Meanwhile, our [as the English] duty is clear. We ought to know Russia better.”
Eager promoter of Russian culture and literature since 1893, the Society nevertheless
was ignoring popular English novels on Russian themes for quite a long time. In 1899,
a “specially invited discussion” revealed the reason for this hostile silence: according to
the Society, “the representation of Russian life in English novels had been misleading.”
However, 10 years after its foundation, the Society began publishing reviews on these
novels in its Proceedings. Moreover, the tone of these reviews may be described as
moderately favorable. The analysis of the papers allows me to assume that this shift
may be explained by the change of criteria applied to the novels (the criterion of
“educativeness” was balanced by the criterion of entertainment): the popularizing
function of these novels finally comes first.
Nikolai Gogol and Dmitriy Valuyev
Authors: Seryagin Sergey N.
Published: December 2020

This work reveals the relationship between Nikolai Gogol and Dmitriy Valuyev, it introduces previously unexplored sources into scientific circulation. The personality of Nikolai Gogol cannot but attracts the broadest attention; not only creative work, but also the facts of his biography are of interest. The main source here, in addition to documents belonging to Nikolai Gogol proper, are the memoirs of contemporaries, reviews, mentions in correspondence. Materials of this kind have been published and republished many times, but it is extremely difficult to cover all possible sources, and the possibility of new archival discoveries often remains. The author of the article studied correspondence of Dmitriy Valuyev in the repositories of Moscow and St. Petersburg and he found repeated, but little-studied in the scientific community, references to Dmitriy Valuyev’s acquaintance with Nikolai Gogol. This work highlights the unconditional influence of Nikolai Gogol’s work on the personality and literary activity of Dmitriy Valuyev, as well as the facts of their acquaintance, personal meetings.
Clima organizacional y desempeño laboral, caso: empresa lechera peruana
Authors: Chagray Ameri Néstor Humberto , Ramos Y Yovera Santiago Ernesto , Neri Ayala Abrahan Cesar , Maguiña Maza Rufino Máximo , Hidalgo Vasquez Yaneline Nilda
Published: December 2020

El ambiente existente entre los miembros de una empresa determina un clima organizacional, el cual se basa en estados emocionales como resultado de la percepción de los trabajadores sobre los diferentes aspectos dentro de su empresa. Por lo tanto, el clima organizacional se refleja en el comportamiento y desempeño de los trabajadores. Este estudio muestra las relaciones encontradas entre las dimensiones del clima organizacional y el desempeño laboral. Los resultados demuestran que el liderazgo y las relaciones interpersonales se correlacionan significativamente con el desempeño laboral.
Bounds for the zeros of polynomials from compression matrix inequalities
Authors: Kittaneh Fuad , Odeh Mohammad , Shebrawi Khalid
Published: December 2020

In this paper, some compression matrix inequalities are applied to the
Frobenius companion matrices of monic polynomials in order to obtain new
upper bounds for the zeros of such polynomials.
Some results about concircular vector fields on Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Chen Bang-Yen , Deshmukh Sharief
Published: December 2020

In this article, we show that the presence of a concircular vector field on a
Riemannian manifold can be used to obtain rigidity results for Riemannian
and Kaehler manifolds. More precisely, we find new geometrical
characterizations of spheres, Euclidean spaces as well as of complex
Euclidean spaces using non-trivial concircular vector fields.
Fixed point theorems for quadruple self-mappings satisfying integral type inequalities
Authors: Khan Aziz , Abdeljawad Thabet , Shatanawi Wasfi , Khan Hasib
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we study the generalization of (S,F)-rational contraction
pair (h; 1) to almost (S,F,?)-rational contraction pair (h,g) of
integral type on metric spaces. Further, we use the new generalized notion
to produce some fixed point theorems via integral inequalities. This work
generalizes many results in the available literature. For demonstration we
give examples which show that our work generalizes many results.
Use of Diabetes-Related Applications and Digital Health Tools by People With Diabetes and Their Health Care Providers
Authors: Doyle-Delgado Kacie , Chamberlain James J.
Published: December 2020

The proliferation of smartphones over the past decade has led to the development of a seemingly endless number of digital applications (apps) designed to improve users’ health and fitness. This article addresses the regulation of these apps and provides details about the apps most commonly used by patients in the primary care and diabetes settings. Those described in detail include the American Diabetes Association’s Standards of Care app, apps for blood glucose monitoring and tracking and continuous glucose monitoring, lifestyle apps, a glucagon use app, prescription cost-saving apps, and apps for do-it-yourself automated insulin delivery.
Inpatient and Outpatient Technologies to Assist in the Management of Insulin Dosing
Authors: Cui Ling , Schroeder Pamela R. , Sack Paul A.
Published: December 2020

Several new technologies use computer algorithms to analyze a person’s blood glucose response to insulin treatment, calculate the person’s next recommended insulin dose, advise the person regarding when to check blood glucose next, and provide alerts regarding glucose control for the individual patient or across a hospital system. This article reviews U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved products designed to help manage insulin dosing for inpatients, as well as those available to provide people with insulin-requiring diabetes support in making adjustments to their basal and/or mealtime insulin doses. Many of these products have a provider interface that allows for remote monitoring of patients’ glucose readings and insulin doses. By alleviating some of the burdens of insulin initiation and dose adjustment, these products may facilitate improved glycemic management and patient outcomes.
Health Care Use and Costs in Individuals With Diabetes With and Without Comorbid Depression in Germany: Results of the Cross-sectional DiaDec Study
Authors: Brüne Manuela , Linnenkamp Ute , Andrich Silke , Jaffan-Kolb Linda , Claessen Heiner , Dintsios Charalabos-Markos , Schmitz-Losem Imke , Kruse Johannes , Chernyak Nadja , Hiligsmann Mickaël , Hermanns Norbert , Icks Andrea
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Increased health care use and costs have been reported in individuals with diabetes with comorbid depression. Knowledge regarding cost differences between individuals with diabetes alone and those with diabetes and diagnosed/undiagnosed depression is, however, scarce. We therefore compared use and costs for patients with diabetes and no depression and patients with diabetes and documented depression diagnosis or self-reported depression symptoms for several cost components, including mental health care costs.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Data from a 2013 cross-sectional survey of randomly sampled members of a nationwide German statutory health insurance (SHI) provider with diabetes (n = 1,634) were linked individually with SHI data covering four quarters before and after the survey. Self-reported depression symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, with depression diagnosis taken from SHI data. We analyzed health care use and costs, using regression analysis to calculate cost ratios (CRs) with adjustment for sociodemographic/socioeconomic factors and comorbidities for two groups: 1) those with no symptoms and no diagnosis and 2) those with symptoms or diagnosis. In our explorative subanalysis we analyzed subgroups with either symptoms or diagnosis separately.

RESULTS

Annual mean total health care costs were higher for patients with comorbid depression (EUR 5,629 [95% CI 4,987–6,407]) than without (EUR 3,252 [2,976–3,675], the CR being 1.25 [1.14–1.36]). Regression analysis showed that excess costs were highly associated with comorbidities. Mental health care costs were very low for patients without depression (psychotherapy EUR 2; antidepressants EUR 4) and still relatively low for those with depression (psychotherapy EUR 111; antidepressants EUR 76).

CONCLUSIONS

Costs were significantly higher when comorbid depression was present either as symptoms or diagnosed. Excess costs for mental health services were rather low.
Restoration of Hypoglycemia Awareness Alters Brain Activity in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Nwokolo Munachiso , Amiel Stephanie A. , O’Daly Owen , Macdonald Ian A. , Zelaya Fernando O. , Choudhary Pratik
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a major risk factor for severe hypoglycemia (SH) and is associated with atypical responses to hypoglycemia in brain regions involved in arousal, decision making, and memory. Whether restoration of hypoglycemia awareness alters these responses is unknown. We sought to investigate the impact of awareness restoration on brain responses to hypoglycemia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Twelve adults with T1D and IAH underwent pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling functional MRI during a hypoglycemic clamp (5–2.6 mmol/L) before and after a hypoglycemia avoidance program of structured education (Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating), specialist support, and sensor-augmented pump therapy (Medtronic MiniMed 640G). Hypoglycemic cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses were compared pre- and postintervention using predefined region-of-interest analysis of the thalamus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and hippocampus.

RESULTS

Postintervention, Gold and Clarke scores fell (6.0 ± 1.0 to 4.0 ± 1.6, P = 0.0002, and 5.7 ± 1.7 to 3.4 ± 1.8, P = 0.0008, respectively), SH rates reduced (1.5 ± 2 to 0.3 ± 0.5 episodes per year, P = 0.03), hypoglycemic symptom scores increased (18.8 ± 6.3 to 27.3 ± 12.7, P = 0.02), and epinephrine responses did not change (P = 0.2). Postintervention, hypoglycemia induced greater increases in ACC CBF (P = 0.01, peak voxel coordinates [6, 40, −2]), while thalamic and OFC activity did not change.

CONCLUSIONS

Increased blood flow is seen within brain pathways involved in internal self-awareness and decision making (ACC) after restoration of hypoglycemia awareness, suggesting partial recovery of brain responses lost in IAH. Resistance of frontothalamic networks, involved in arousal and emotion processing, may explain why not all individuals with IAH achieve awareness restoration with education and technology alone.
Gluconeogenesis, But Not Glycogenolysis, Contributes to the Increase in Endogenous Glucose Production by SGLT-2 Inhibition
Authors: Wolf Peter , Fellinger Paul , Pfleger Lorenz , Beiglböck Hannes , Krumpolec Patrik , Barbieri Chiara , Gastaldelli Amalia , Harreiter Jürgen , Metz Matthäus , Scherer Thomas , Zeyda Maximilian , Baumgartner-Parzer Sabina , Marculescu Rodrig , Trattnig Siegfried , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Krššák Martin , Krebs Michael
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Recent studies indicate that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibition increases endogenous glucose production (EGP), potentially counteracting the glucose-lowering potency, and stimulates lipid oxidation and lipolysis. However, the acute effects of SGLT-2 inhibition on hepatic glycogen, lipid, and energy metabolism have not yet been analyzed. We therefore investigated the impact of a single dose of dapagliflozin (D) or placebo (P) on hepatic glycogenolysis, hepatocellular lipid (HCL) content and mitochondrial activity (kATP).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Ten healthy volunteers (control [CON]: age 30 ± 3 years, BMI 24 ± 1 kg/m2, HbA1c 5.2 ± 0.1%) and six patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM: age 63 ± 4 years, BMI 28 ± 1.5 kg/m2, HbA1c 6.1 ± 0.5%) were investigated on two study days (CON-P vs. CON-D and T2DM-P vs. T2DM-D). 1H/13C/31P MRS was performed before, 90–180 min (MR1), and 300–390 min (MR2) after administration of 10 mg dapagliflozin or placebo. EGP was assessed by tracer dilution techniques.

RESULTS

Compared with CON-P, EGP was higher in CON-D (10.0 ± 0.3 vs. 12.4 ± 0.5 μmol kg−1 min−1; P < 0.05) and comparable in T2DM-D and T2DM-P (10.1 ± 0.7 vs. 10.4 ± 0.5 μmol kg−1 min−1; P = not significant [n.s.]). A strong correlation of EGP with glucosuria was observed (r = 0.732; P < 0.01). The insulin-to-glucagon ratio was lower after dapagliflozin in CON-D and T2DM-D compared with baseline (P < 0.05). Glycogenolysis did not differ between CON-P and CON-D (−3.28 ± 0.49 vs. −2.53 ± 0.56 μmol kg−1 min−1; P = n.s.) or T2DM-P and T2DM-D (−0.74 ± 0.23 vs. −1.21 ± 0.33 μmol kg−1 min−1; P = n.s.), whereas gluconeogenesis was higher after dapagliflozin in CON-P compared with CON-D (6.7 ± 0.6 vs. 9.9 ± 0.6 μmol kg−1 min−1; P < 0.01) but not in T2DM. No significant changes in HCL and kATP were observed.

CONCLUSIONS

The rise in EGP after SGLT-2 inhibition is due to increased gluconeogenesis, but not glycogenolysis. Changes in glucagon and the insulin-to-glucagon ratio are not associated with an increased hepatic glycogen breakdown. HCL and kATP are not significantly affected by a single dose of dapagliflozin.