Periosteal osteosarcoma: A study of demographic and socioeconomic factors.
Authors: Khatib Rawaan , Tade Yanick , Gutierrez Reyna , Cook Madison , Puvvadi Suraj , Chin Kat , Peterson Michael , Eldosougi Isra , Silberstein Peter T. , Lee Daniel , Demangone Michael , Rossi Anthony , Heise Craig , Hsia Beau 
Published: June 2024

e23506

Background: Periosteal Osteosarcoma (PO) is a rare primary malignant bone cancer that typically affects the tibia or femur of young adults in their second and third decades of life. This soft-tissue mass causes extrinsic erosion of thickened underlying diaphyseal cortex and perpendicular periosteal reaction extending into soft-tissue components. Despite the rarity of PO, 29% of diagnosed patients do not survive past 10 years following treatment. Further investigation into the diagnostic trends of PO may produce valuable information about its epidemiology. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was analyzed to identify the demographic factors of patients diagnosed with PO. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis that utilized data from the 2004–2020 NCDB included 138 patients with a histologically-confirmed diagnosis of PO (ICD-9193-3). Demographic factors (age, sex, race, Hispanic status, educational attainment, insurance status, facility type, distance from facility, and Charlson/Deyo score were analyzed by descriptive statistics, and incidence trends were interpreted via regression analysis. Results: A total of 138 individuals had a confirmed diagnosis of PO between the years 2004-2020 with a relatively constant rate of diagnosis each year (R2 = 0.1749). The average age of diagnosis was 29.7 (SD = 17.5, range = 6-86 years). Males and females were affected at rates of 58% and 42%, respectively. The majority of patients diagnosed with PO identified as White (73%) and non-Spanish/non-Hispanic (86%). The primary sites of diagnosis were the long bones of the lower limb (77%), with an average tumor size of 94.4 mm (SD = 54.2). Most patients (73%) utilized surgical treatment options such as radical excision or resection of the lesion with limb salvage. A higher percentage of patients were privately insured (62%), lived in a metropolitan area (75%), and were treated at an academic/research program (59%). Many individuals (91%) had no concurrent comorbidities (Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score = 0). Following treatment, the survival rates of patients were 91% at 2 years, 78% at 5 years, and 71% at 10 years. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first NCDB analysis concentrating on PO, addressing a substantial gap in our understanding. In congruence with earlier descriptions of PO in case reports, a majority of patients are White and of non-Spanish/non-Hispanic origin and the primary site of diagnosis presents on the lower limbs. This is the first instance in the literature where the socioeconomic factors of PO patients have been clarified: PO patients are more likely to live in densely populated metropolitan areas, receive treatment in academic programs, and have private insurance. Further research is needed to elucidate the influence of demographic and socioeconomic factors on the diagnosis, treatment approaches, and survival outcomes of individuals with PO.