bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Search of ‘Kamāl’: Five Monumental Inscriptions From Yazd (Second Half of the Fifteenth Century)
Authors: Aube Sandra
Published: June 2019

During the Turkmen Qara Qoyunlu (782-873/1380-1468) and Aq Qoyunlu (780-914/1378-1508) dynasties, most of signatures found on monumental inscriptions were made by calligraphers. This paper presents and discusses a group of five monumental inscriptions related to a calligrapher named Kamāl b. Šihāb al-Kātib al-Yazdī. After identifying these inscriptions into the Masjid-i Jāmiʿ of Yazd (three signatures), the Masjid-i Šāh Valī in Taft and the Šayḫ Abū Maṣʿūd Complex in Isfahan, this paper aims to explore potential and limits of information contained onto these signatures as sources for history of craftsmanship.
The Kujujī Poets: Families, Poetry and Forms of Patronage in Azerbaijan and beyond (Fourteenth to Seventeenth Centuries)
Authors: Werner Christoph
Published: June 2019

Tracing the extended Kujujī family unit, originally from Western Azerbaijan, through the fourteenth up to the seventeenth century, I am especially interested in the interplay between members of the Kujujī family, their professional background, and the poetry they composed. Poetry is interpreted as a mode of transmission, understanding panegyric and mystical forms of poetry as a means to shape and reinforce family identities in reciprocal relationships – in our case the relationship between the local Sufi-notable family network of the Kujujīs with the respective ruling families of the Jalayirids and Safavids. The article explores their poetry, the poets as actors of transmission and the links that are created between distant members of the “imagined” family of the Kujujīs as expressed in literary anthologies (taẕkiras). Moving beyond traditional perceptions of one-on-one, client-patron relations in the production of court poetry and emphasizing the role of families creates a long-term perspective and re-evaluates classical Persian poetry as intra-generational cultural bond.
How “Trivial” is the Golden Rule in Patristic Ethics?
Authors: Steenbuch Johannes Aakjær
Published: June 2019

In patristic ethics there are many differing formulations of the Golden Rule (“do unto others…”), the greatest difference being perhaps that between the negative and the positive version. The Golden Rule was typically considered a matter of natural law, but it is rarely considered the exclusive principle to be applied in practice. Often it was considered an instrument for recognizing generally true principles, such as those of the second table of the Decalogue, or, in Augustine, to direct attention to a “law of the heart.” While Chrysostom saw it solely as a regulative principle for horizontal relationships between human beings, Augustine believed it to regulate the believer’s relationship with God as well. The rule was not, in patristic ethics, an abstract philosophical principle, but something that structured not only particular actions or types of actions, but practices in a more contextual sense. For these reasons the Golden Rule should, in patristic ethics, always be understood against the background of a broader context of values. Though the Golden Rule may seem to express a universal ethics, its meanings and functions depend on the larger moral-philosophical framework.
Acceleration and Overturning of the Antarctic Slope Current by Winds, Eddies, and Tides
Authors: Stewart Andrew L. , Klocker Andreas , Menemenlis Dimitris
Published: June 2019

All exchanges between the open ocean and the Antarctic continental shelf must cross the Antarctic Slope Current (ASC). Previous studies indicate that these exchanges are strongly influenced by mesoscale and tidal variability, yet the mechanisms responsible for setting the ASC’s transport and structure have received relatively little attention. In this study the roles of winds, eddies, and tides in accelerating the ASC are investigated using a global ocean–sea ice simulation with very high resolution (1/48° grid spacing). It is found that the circulation along the continental slope is accelerated both by surface stresses, ultimately sourced from the easterly winds, and by mesoscale eddy vorticity fluxes. At the continental shelf break, the ASC exhibits a narrow (~30–50 km), swift (>0.2 m s−1) jet, consistent with in situ observations. In this jet the surface stress is substantially reduced, and may even vanish or be directed eastward, because the ocean surface speed matches or exceeds that of the sea ice. The shelfbreak jet is shown to be accelerated by tidal momentum advection, consistent with the phenomenon of tidal rectification. Consequently, the shoreward Ekman transport vanishes and thus the mean overturning circulation that steepens the Antarctic Slope Front (ASF) is primarily due to tidal acceleration. These findings imply that the circulation and mean overturning of the ASC are not only determined by near-Antarctic winds, but also depend crucially on sea ice cover, regionally-dependent mesoscale eddy activity over the continental slope, and the amplitude of tidal flows across the continental shelf break.
Beyond the Liberal–Conservative Binary: Generosity, Religion, and a Latent Profile Analysis of Moral Foundations in a Christian Sample
Authors: Greenway Tyler S. , Jin Joel , Shepherd Abigail M. , Schnitker Sarah A.
Published: May 2019

This study conducted an experiment to examine the associations between moral foundations profiles, religion, and generosity ( N = 313). Previously identified profiles were replicated with latent profile analyses based on the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ). Four MFQ profiles (Neutral, High Moralist, Moderate, and Individuator) were identified in this study of Christian church attenders. Significant differences across these four profiles are associated with distinctions in generosity, some components of empathy, religiousness, and political ideology. Compared with the other three profiles, individuals with the Individuator profile donated more of their participant payment to a charitable organization run by a religious out-group (Muslims). In contrast, there were no differences between profiles on donations to the in-group, secular groups, or total donations. Religious fundamentalism was lowest among Individuators and highest among High Moralists, the latter of whom also reported higher interpersonal generosity than Moderates.
Regulatory Mechanisms of Soft Palate Development and Malformations
Authors: Li J. , Rodriguez G. , Han X. , Janečková E. , Kahng S. , Song B. , Chai Y.
Published: May 2019

Orofacial clefting is the most common congenital craniofacial malformation, appearing in approximately 1 in 700 live births. Orofacial clefting includes several distinct anatomic malformations affecting the upper lip and hard and soft palate. The etiology of orofacial clefting is multifactorial, including genetic or environmental factors or their combination. A large body of work has focused on the molecular etiology of cleft lip and clefts of the hard palate, but study of the underlying etiology of soft palate clefts is an emerging field. Recent advances in the understanding of soft palate development suggest that it may be regulated by distinct pathways from those implicated in hard palate development. Soft palate clefting leads to muscle misorientation and oropharyngeal deficiency and adversely affects speech, swallowing, breathing, and hearing. Hence, there is an important need to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of soft palate development. Significantly, the anatomy, function, and development of soft palatal muscles are similar in humans and mice, rendering the mouse an excellent model for investigating molecular and cellular mechanisms of soft palate clefts. Cranial neural crest–derived cells provide important regulatory cues to guide myogenic progenitors to differentiate into muscles in the soft palate. Signals from the palatal epithelium also play key roles via tissue-tissue interactions mediated by Tgf-β, Wnt, Fgf, and Hh signaling molecules. Additionally, mutations in transcription factors, such as Dlx5, Tbx1, and Tbx22, have been associated with soft palate clefting in humans and mice, suggesting that they play important regulatory roles during soft palate development. Finally, we highlight the importance of distinguishing specific types of soft palate defects in patients and developing relevant animal models for each of these types to improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of soft palate development. This knowledge will provide a foundation for improving treatment for patients in the future.
Associations Between Neuroticism and Executive Function Outcomes: Response Inhibition and Sustained Attention on a Continuous Performance Test
Authors: Crow Andrew J. D.
Published: May 2019

There are known relationships between psychopathology, personality, and executive function (EF), though the association between personality and EF, independent of psychopathology, remains understudied. The present study investigated relationships between Five Factor Model personality traits and indices of response inhibition, sustained attention, and response variability on a continuous performance test (CPT) among 50 healthy adults (male = 27, female = 23; Mage = 19.9 years, range 18–24 years) of primarily Caucasian descent (58.0%). Participants performed an open-source CPT, the Psychology Experiment Building Language Battery Test of Attentional Vigilance (TOAV), and completed self-ratings of conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism on an inventory developed from the public-domain International Personality Item Pool. After controlling for the influences of age, gender, and other personality traits, neuroticism was significantly associated with faster error reaction time and a higher frequency of multiple responses. Neuroticism was also nominally predictive of more frequent commission errors and faster correct and mean reaction time. The present findings indicate that neuroticism is associated with error-prone behavioral performance on a CPT, suggesting that a propensity to experience negative emotions may manifest as impulsivity and hyperactivity on performance-based measures of EF.
Expansion, Enrollment, and Inequality of Educational Opportunity
Authors: Jackson Michelle
Published: May 2019

This article calls into question the view that educational expansion has a causal effect on class-based inequalities of educational opportunity. This view, the impetus for many studies, is flawed because the empirical literature is hampered by poor measures of expansion and because it rests on simplistic understandings of the causal structure that relates supply, demand, and inequality of educational opportunity (IEO). The literature arose as it did because the institutions that are actually expanding and allocating—schools, colleges and universities—are treated as black boxes in conventional macro-level theories of expansion. If the black box is opened, we see that educational institutions at once make decisions about expansion and allocation, thus undermining a simplistic model that has expansion affecting allocation. Drawing upon examples from college education in the United States, I argue that the field must develop new measures of educational expansion and supply in order to identify the true relationship between educational expansion and IEO.
Targeted temperature management in patients undergoing extracorporeal life support after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: an EURO-ELSO 2018 annual conference survey
Authors: Rolfes Caroline , Muellenbach Ralf M , Lepper Philipp M , Spangenberg Tobias , Swol Justyna , Lorusso Roberto , Weber Klaus , Foerstner Sarina , Lotz Christopher , Belohlavek Jan
Published: May 2019

Targeted temperature management and extracorporeal life support, particularly extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation, represent outcome-enhancing strategies for patients following in- and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Although targeted temperature management with hypothermia between 32°C and 34°C and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation bear separate potentials to improve outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, each is associated with bleeding risk and risk of infection. Whether the combination imposes excessive risk on patients is, however, unknown.
Nanosilica Coatings to Improve the Tensile Bond Strength of Cementitious Grouts
Authors: De la Varga Igor , Muñoz José F. , Spragg Robert P. , Nickel Caleb A. , Bohn Lucas , Fay Ariana , Graybeal Benjamin A.
Published: May 2019

The use of prefabricated bridge elements (PBEs) is becoming more common as bridge owners strive to construct robust bridges with minimal impacts on the traveling public. Concrete PBEs offer advantages with regards to quality and construction safety; however, to perform adequately, the installed structural system must include strong, durable connections between the components. Typically, field-cast cementitious grouts are used to connect the PBE. This type of material has at times shown serviceability problems associated to dimensional instability, primarily in the form of shrinkage cracking. A direct consequence is the potential bond degradation between the grout connections and the concrete PBE. This study investigated the use of colloidal nanosilica suspensions as a surface preparation technique to increase the bond strength between the precast components and the field-cast grout. Experimental results, including pull-off bond data and a careful microstructural analysis, strongly suggest that nanosilica coatings interact at the concrete–grout interface to increase the bond strength. A simple initial cost analysis is also discussed.
Multiplanar Loading of the Knee and Its Influence on Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Medial Collateral Ligament Strain During Simulated Landings and Noncontact Tears
Authors: Bates Nathaniel A. , Schilaty Nathan D. , Nagelli Christopher V. , Krych Aaron J. , Hewett Timothy E.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears and concomitant medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries are known to occur during dynamic athletic tasks that place combinatorial frontal and transverse plane loads on the knee. A mechanical impact simulator that produces clinical presentation of ACL injury allows for the quantification of individual loading contributors leading to ACL failure.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The objective was to delineate the relationship between knee abduction moment, anterior tibial shear, and internal tibial rotation applied at the knee and ACL strain during physiologically defined simulations of impact at a knee flexion angle representative of initial contact landing from a jump. The hypothesis tested was that before ACL failure, abduction moment would induce greater change in ACL strain during landing than either anterior shear or internal rotation.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Nineteen cadaveric specimens were subjected to simulated landings in the mechanical impact simulator. During simulations, external knee abduction moment, internal tibial rotation moment, and anterior tibial shear loads were derived from a previously analyzed in vivo cohort and applied to the knee in varying magnitudes with respect to injury risk classification. Implanted strain gauges were used to track knee ligament displacement throughout simulation. Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to assess strain differences among loading factors, with Wilcoxon each pair post hoc tests used to assess differences of magnitude within each loading.

Results:

Each loading factor significantly increased ACL strain ( P < .005). Within factors, the high-risk magnitude of each factor significantly increased ACL strain relative to the baseline condition ( P≤ .002). However, relative to knee abduction moment specifically, ACL strain increased with each increased risk magnitude ( P≤ .015).

Conclusion:

Increased risk levels of each load factor contributed to increased levels of ACL strain during a simulated jump landing. The behavior of increased strain between levels of increased risk loading was most prevalent for changes in knee abduction moment. This behavior was observed in the ACL and MCL.

Clinical Relevance:

Knee abduction moment may be the predominant precursor to ACL injury and concomitant MCL injury. As knee abduction occurs within the frontal plane, primary preventative focus should incorporate reduction of frontal plane knee loading in landing and cutting tasks, but secondary reduction of transverse plane loading could further increase intervention efficacy. Constraint of motion in these planes should restrict peak ACL strain magnitudes during athletic performance.
Using LEAN methodology to expedite the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in the emergency room
Authors: Balcom Carl , Reyes Erica
Published: May 2019

Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death and the leading cause of long-term disability in the United States, and timely administration of tissue plasminogen activator (alteplase) is a key predictor of post-stroke survival and disability. The authors explain how a process improvement team utilized LEAN methodology to decrease alteplase administration (“door to needle”) time by almost 50% at a busy, high-acuity hospital emergency room in Houston, Texas. The authors will explain the process that was followed, the post-implementation results, and lessons learned.
Forward propagation closed loop learning
Authors: Porr Bernd , Miller Paul
Published: May 2019

For an autonomous agent, the inputs are the sensory data that inform the agent of the state of the world, and the outputs are their actions, which act on the world and consequently produce new sensory inputs. The agent only knows of its own actions via their effect on future inputs; therefore desired states, and error signals, are most naturally defined in terms of the inputs. Most machine learning algorithms, however, operate in terms of desired outputs. For example, backpropagation takes target output values and propagates the corresponding error backwards through the network in order to change the weights. In closed loop settings, it is far more obvious how to define desired sensory inputs than desired actions, however. To train a deep network using errors defined in the input space would call for an algorithm that can propagate those errors forwards through the network, from input layer to output layer, in much the same way that activations are propagated. In this article, we present a novel learning algorithm which performs such ‘forward-propagation’ of errors. We demonstrate its performance, first in a simple line follower and then in a 1st person shooter game.
Foreign banks and sovereign credit ratings: Reputational capital in sovereign debt markets
Authors: Grittersová Jana
Published: May 2019

Sovereign credit ratings importantly influence the borrowing costs of governments in international capital markets. Yet, there is limited understanding of how credit-rating agencies determine sovereign bond ratings. I provide theoretical justification and empirical evidence to support the proposition that a substantial presence of established global banks, acting as foreign direct investors, enhances the perceived creditworthiness of the host countries that have weak domestic institutions. Foreign banks can render the host countries’ commitments to make good on their debt obligations more credible by encouraging the transparency in the financial system, disciplining their fiscal policies, and mitigating the incentives for and impact of bank bailouts. Statistical evidence from countries in emerging Europe shows that countries with high levels of foreign bank ownership tend to be assigned better sovereign credit ratings and find it easier to obtain credit at lower interest rates in sovereign bond markets. My findings are robust to various estimation techniques, to extensive controls for alternative determinants of credit ratings, for the endogeneity of foreign bank entry, and for sample-selection bias. Interviews with bankers and senior analysts at credit-rating agencies were used to complement quantitative analyses. This article is the first attempt in the literature on sovereign borrowing and debt to examine whether private market agents, such as global banks, can enhance the government’s international creditworthiness.
Remote supervision of rehabilitation interventions for survivors of moderate or severe traumatic brain injury: A scoping review
Authors: O’Neil Jennifer , van Ierssel Jacquie , Sveistrup Heidi
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Individuals with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have persistent impairments upon discharge home. In rural communities, specialized rehabilitation services to address impairments can be difficult to access. The purpose of this scoping review is to examine how remote supervision is currently being used in TBI rehabilitation to identify gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed to facilitate access to and implementation of these services.

Methods

The main objective for this review is to identify the methods being used to deliver remote supervision for rehabilitation in a moderate or severe TBI population. The aim of this review was to document the implementation characteristics of remote supervision used including: (1) type of supervision such as synchronous, asynchronous supervision or mixed; (2) frequency and intensity of remote supervision; and (3) outcomes used to measure intervention delivery as well as effectiveness within this population. This scoping review follows EQUATOR Network recommendations for screening and extracting data.

Results

Twenty-six studies using a variety of remote supervision technology and outcome measures were included. Supervision frequency and intensity are poorly reported with no standardization. One hundred and six outcome measures were reported in this review showing large diversity in the areas being explored.

Discussion

Different types of remote supervision have been used with this population; however, there are no clear guidelines on clinical implementation. Future studies must better define implementation parameters of remote supervision. Benefit on physical activity, balance and mobility outcomes also need to be further explored.
The generalization negation of probability distribution and its application in target recognition based on sensor fusion
Authors: Gao Xiaozhuan , Deng Yong
Published: May 2019

Target recognition in uncertain environments is a hot issue. Fusion rules are used to combine the sensor reports from different sources. In this situation, obtaining more information to make correct decision is an essential issue. Probability distribution is one of the most used methods to represent uncertainty information. In addition, the negation of probability distribution provides a new view to represent the uncertainty information. In this article, the existing negation of probability distribution is extended with Tsallis entropy. The main reason is that different systems have different parameter q. Some numerical examples are used to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Besides, the article also discusses the application of negation in target recognition based on sensor fusion to further demonstrate the importance of negation.
Validated Prospective Assessment of Quality of Life After Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy: Beyond Continence and Erections
Authors: Albisinni Simone , Aoun Fouad , Quackels Thierry , Assenmacher Grégoire , Peltier Alexandre , van Velthoven Roland , Roumeguère Thierry
Published: May 2019

Continence and erectile function represent major concerns after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP), although the analysis of only these results may underestimate the impact of surgery on quality of life (QoL). The aim of the study is to prospectively analyze QoL after RALP according to the validated European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire prostate cancer–specific module (EORTC-QLQ-PR25) and C30 and explore risk factors for the deterioration of QoL after surgery.

A total of 584 patients undergoing RALP were prospectively enrolled. QoL was assessed with the validated EORTC-QLQ-PR25 and C30. Differences across QoL items were assessed via Wilcoxon rank-sum test and associations between risk factors and QoL scores were tested via univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses.

All items of the PR25 questionnaire showed a significant deterioration at 1 month after RALP and began to normalize 3 months after surgery. At 24 months follow-up, urinary, bowel, and sexual activity scores were not significantly different from preoperative scores, while incontinence aid, treatment-related symptoms, and sexual functioning remained significantly worse. Preoperative sexual activity was more important in determining 3-month sexual outcomes than preoperative 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) or nerve-sparing approach. An overall return to preoperative QoL was registered at 3 months after RALP in global and physical QoL, and most important, global, physical, social, and role-functioning QoL scores were improved at 12 and 24 months compared to preoperative scores.

In this prospective study, detailed data on QoL are reported via the EORTC-PR25 and C30 questionnaires. While urinary, bowel, and sexual activity scores return to baseline values 24 months after surgery, incontinence aid, treatment-related symptoms, and sexual functioning may remain significantly deteriorated. Larger studies are needed to validate these findings.
Bayesian model averaging based storage lifetime assessment method for rubber sealing rings
Authors: Liu Di , Wang Shaoping , Zhang Chao , Tomovic Mileta M
Published: May 2019

Rubber sealing ring is one of the most widely used seals. It is always stored for a period of time before put into use, especially in aeronautic and aerospace applications. It is necessary to evaluate the storage lifetime of rubber sealing rings. However, due to the long storage lifetime of rubber sealing rings, two issues need to be handled, including model uncertainty and lack of storage lifetime data. A Bayesian model averaging based storage lifetime assessment method for rubber sealing rings is proposed in this article. The Gamma distribution model and Weibull distribution model are selected as the candidate models and combined based on Bayesian model averaging method. The Bayesian model averaging method is applied to handle the model uncertainty. Considering the lack of storage lifetime data, the degradation data are utilized to give the priors of model probability and distribution parameters based on the similarity principle. The results indicate that the proposed method has smaller minus log-likelihood value and is better than the other discussed method, considering both goodness of fit and complexity.
Microcelebrity: The Impact of Information Source, Hotel Type, and Misleading Photos on Consumers’ Responses
Authors: Zhang Lu , Kuo Pei-Jou , McCall Michael
Published: May 2019

In this research, the effects of microcelebrity endorsements on customers’ attitude and booking intentions toward hotels are examined. Specifically, Study 1 manipulated the effect of information source (hotel official website vs. microcelebrity) and hotel type (chain vs. independent). Results indicated that microcelebrity endorsements yielded more positive attitude toward independent hotels. This effect was investigated further in Study 2 where the moderating effect of misleading photos on the relationship between information source and consumers’ trust and repurchase intentions was examined. Results demonstrated that when participants were shown misleading photos, there was a higher level of trust toward the hotel when the information source was microcelebrity. When the photos were nonmisleading, the level of trust toward the hotel was unaffected by the source of the information. Taken together, these data contribute to the growing social media literature as well as the influence of microcelebrities on consumers’ responses. Hospitality managers might also consider the potential benefits of including microcelebrities into their strategic planning.
Wandering spleen in a geriatric patient – a rare presentation of gastric volvulus
Authors: Gandhi Christy , Fowler Rachel L , Hersey Sean , Heffernan Daithi S , Stafford Todd
Published: May 2019

We report atypical gastric outlet obstruction in a geriatric patient caused by acute mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus precipitated by a wandering spleen.
Palliative Care in the Hip Fracture Patient
Authors: Sullivan Nicole M. , Blake Lindsay E. , George Masil , Mears Simon C.
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

Older patients with hip fracture have a 20% to 30% mortality rate in the year after surgery. Nonoperative care has higher 1-year mortality rates and is generally only pursued in those with an extraordinarily high surgical risk. As the population ages, more patients with hip fracture may fall into this category. The orthopedic surgeon is typically the main consultant responsible for deciding between surgery and conservative management, and the reasoning behind one decision over the other is often poorly understood. We undertook a review to determine decision-making tools for surgery in high-risk patients with hip fracture.

Materials and Methods:

A review was conducted using PubMed to determine articles published using the terms palliative care, conservative care, nonoperative, hip fracture, orthopedic procedures, fracture fixation, and surgery. Our search resulted in 13 articles to review. These were further screened to determine tools for use in surgical decision-making.

Results:

Several potential decision-making tools were found in our search. The potential tools to identify patients who would benefit from nonoperative treatment included the Palliative Performance Scale for severe dementia, the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Katz Activities of Daily Living scales for prefracture immobility, a combination of clinical signs and laboratory tests to determine risk of imminent death, and the Charlson Comorbidity Score for additional serious comorbidities. No tools have been prospectively tested in a clinical setting.

Discussion:

Evaluation of each patient using a variety of decision making tools should help the orthopedic surgeon determine which patients would be better suited to non-operative management. After determining the benefit of non-operative care, they must effectively allow the fracture to heal while ameliorating pain. Palliative care physicians can fulfill this role by providing support and symptom relief.

Conclusions:

Surgical decision-making for hip fracture repair in the elderly patients is not straight forward. Several tools may be helpful to the surgeon in determining who may be better suited for nonoperative care or a palliative care referral. Prospective data do not exist in these decision-making tools.
Security Controls for Employees’ Satisfaction: Perspective of Controls Framework
Authors: Lee Sangjae , Jeon Seongil , Lee ByungWon
Published: May 2019

As previous literature on the effect of controls usage on the outcome of controls (controls effectiveness) are rare, this study intends to use controls framework to explain controls effectiveness as HIS (hotel information system) quality and user satisfaction. The purpose of our study is understanding of the critical role of security controls on qualities perceived by hotel employees and the satisfaction of hotel employees using HIS based on controls framework perspective. The research model was tested using a sample of 583 respondents who have worked with HIS. General controls directly and indirectly contribute to the improvement of the satisfaction of hotel employees through their effects on qualities, while application controls indirectly affect satisfaction. Although general controls affect information and system quality, application controls influence information and service quality. The findings provide insights to the hotel industry by building a basis for designing different level for general and application controls.
Self-Determination and Classroom Engagement of EFL Learners: A Mixed-Methods Study of the Self-System Model of Motivational Development
Authors: Dincer Ali , Yeşilyurt Savaş , Noels Kimberly A. , Vargas Lascano Dayuma I.
Published: May 2019

This study examines the antecedents and outcomes of classroom engagement of 412 Turkish English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Grounded in self-determination theory and the self-system model of motivation, this mixed-methods study examined the relations between context (perceived autonomy-support from the instructor), self (basic psychological needs), action (behavioral, emotional, agentic, and cognitive engagement), and outcome (achievement and absenteeism). The results of structural equation modeling supported the hypothesized model and showed that learners’ perception of their teachers’ autonomy-support within the classroom predicted their need satisfaction, which in turn predicted self-determined engagement. Engagement predicted achievement and absenteeism within English courses. Semi-structured interviews showed patterns consistent with the quantitative results, and also that students felt their engagement would best be supported in classes with a positive social atmosphere. As well, their comments underscored the important role of language teachers in supporting learners’ psychological need satisfaction, classroom engagement, and positive academic outcomes. The findings suggest strategies for English language educators to bolster students’ engagement within the classrooms, including students who seem to be unmotivated, reluctant language learners.
Epidemiology of Judo-Related Injuries in 21 Seasons of Competitions in France: A Prospective Study of Relevant Traumatic Injuries
Authors: Frey Alain , Lambert Christophe , Vesselle Benoit , Rousseau Romain , Dor Frédéric , Marquet Laurie Anne , Toussaint Jean François , Crema Michel Daoud
Published: May 2019

Background:

Judo is a full-contact fighting sport that may lead to severe injuries. There are limited data available on the incidence of judo-related injuries. The French Judo Federation has established a surveillance system to document the frequency and type of injuries during judo competitions.

Purpose:

To describe the incidence rates and types of judo-related traumatic injuries during 21 seasons of competitions in France with respect to athlete (judoka) age, sex, and level of performance.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Between 1993 and 2014, each physician in charge of each judo competition filled out a form in which he/she documented the number of competing judokas, the number of fights, the number of medical interventions, the specific type of traumatic injuries for each intervention, the number of fight interruptions, and the number of athletes removed from the competition venue because of an injury. The age, sex, and level of performance of each judoka were also documented. Variance analysis was applied to assess whether differences in incidence rates of injuries between groups were significant (Student t test and chi-square test).

Results:

Surveillance of 421,670 fights demonstrated 3511 injuries in 316,203 judokas (incidence proportion, 1.1%). Among the injuries recorded, the most common were sprains (54.3%), fractures (15.6%), and dislocations (12.5%). Female athletes exhibited significantly higher incidence rates for knee sprains and elbow dislocations, whereas male athletes exhibited a higher incidence rate for shoulder dislocations ( P < .001 for all). Regarding age, higher incidence rates were observed in young adults (aged 18-20 years) for acromioclavicular sprains and in children (aged 10-14 years) for clavicle fractures compared with adults (aged 21-35 years) ( P < .001 for both). Both young adult and adult athletes had a higher incidence rate of shoulder dislocations ( P < .001). Regarding the level of performance, athletes competing at higher levels had a higher incidence rate of sprains to the knee ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

During 21 years of surveillance of injuries in judo competitions in France, the incidence proportion of injuries was 1.1%. Significant differences in incidence rates demonstrated when considering age, sex, and level of performance may help in developing strategies to prevent traumatic injuries in the future.
Emerging voluntary cooperation between European healthcare systems: Are we facing a new future?
Authors: Eatwell Emma , Swierczyna Anna
Published: May 2019

Voluntary cooperation between European healthcare systems in medicines can bring concrete benefits for those healthcare systems and for patients. Although cooperation between countries in the form of clusters has been in place for some years now, there is still relatively little information on their objectives, scope, structures, procedures and activities – partly due to confidentiality, partly due to an ever-changing environment. By interviewing people who are directly leading the voluntary cooperation in countries, this article brings more clarity on the current state of play in voluntary cooperation and unpacks the challenges that countries and companies are facing in moving the joint process forward. In particular, we have anticipated the potential short- and long-term outcomes and consequences for medicine assessment in participating countries.
Lussierite, a new sodium uranyl sulfate mineral with bidentate UO7–SO4linkage from the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Olds Travis A. , Plášil Jakub , Nash Barbara P. , Marty Joe
Published: June 2019

The new mineral lussierite (IMA2018-101), Na10[(UO2)(SO4)4](SO4)2(H2O)3, was found in the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as pale green–yellow prisms or blades in a secondary assemblage with belakovskiite, ferrinatrite, halite, ivsite, metavoltine and thénardite. The streak is white and the fluorescence is bright cyan under 365 nm ultraviolet light. Crystals are transparent with vitreous lustre. The tenacity is brittle, the Mohs hardness is 2½, the fracture is irregular and no cleavage was observed. The mineral is easily soluble in H2O and has a measured density of 2.87(2) g cm–3. Lussierite is optically biaxial (+), with α = 1.493(1), β = 1.505(1) and γ = 1.518(1) (white light); 2Vmeas.= 88(1)°; dispersion isr>v, moderate; pleochroism:X= colourless,YandZ= green yellow (X<Y≈Z); optical orientation:X=b,Z∧a= 44° in obtuse β. Electron microprobe analyses (wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy mode) provided Na10(U0.99O2)(S1.00O4)6·3H2O (+0.06 H for charge balance). The five strongest X-ray powder diffraction lines are [dobsÅ(I)(hkl)]: 6.69(95)($\bar{1}$11,130), 4.814(100)(150,002,060), 3.461(83)(171,$\bar{2}$02), 2.955(81)(113,330) and 2.882(74)($\bar{1}$91,311,191,0·10·0). Lussierite is monoclinic,Cc,a= 9.3134(4),b= 28.7501(11),c= 9.6346(7) Å, β = 93.442(7)°,V= 2575.1(2) Å3andZ= 4. The structure (R1= 0.0298 for 5202I> 2σI) contains a [(UO2)(SO4)4]6–uranyl sulfate cluster in which one SO4tetrahedron shares an edge (bidentate linkage) with the UO7pentagonal bipyramid. The uranyl sulfate clusters occur in layers and are linked through a complex network of bonds involving Na+cations, isolated SO4tetrahedra and isolated H2O groups.
Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota in neurocritically ill patients and the risk for death
Authors: Xu Ruoting , Tan Chuhong , Zhu Jiajia , Zeng Xiuli , Gao Xuxuan , Wu Qiheng , Chen Qiong , Wang Huidi , Zhou Hongwei , He Yan , Pan Suyue , Yin Jia
Published: May 2019

Background

Despite the essential functions of the intestinal microbiota in human physiology, little has been reported about the microbiome in neurocritically ill patients. This investigation aimed to evaluate the characteristics of the gut microbiome in neurocritically ill patients and its changes after admission. Furthermore, we investigated whether the characteristics of the gut microbiome at admission were a risk factor for death within 180 days.

Methods

This prospective observational cohort study included neurocritically ill patients admitted to the neurological intensive care unit of a large university-affiliated academic hospital in Guangzhou. Faecal samples were collected within 72 h after admission (before antibiotic treatment) and serially each week. Healthy volunteers were recruited from a community in Guangzhou. The gut microbiome was monitored via 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and the associations with the clinical outcome were evaluated by a Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

In total, 98 patients and 84 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were included in the analysis. Compared with healthy subjects, the neurocritically ill patients exhibited significantly different compositions of intestinal microbiota. During hospitalization, the α-diversity and abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae decreased significantly over time in patients followed longitudinally. The abundance of Enterobacteriaceae was positively associated with the modified Rankin Scale at discharge. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, Christensenellaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae were associated with an increased risk of death. The increases in intestinal Enterobacteriales and Enterobacteriaceae during the first week in the neurological intensive care unit were associated with increases of 92% in the risk of 180-day mortality after adjustments.

Conclusions

This analysis of the gut microbiome in 98 neurocritically ill patients indicates that the gut microbiota composition in these patients differs significantly from that in a healthy population and that the magnitude of this dysbiosis increases during hospitalization in a neurological intensive care unit. The gut microbiota characteristics seem to have an impact on patients’ 180-day mortality. Gut microbiota analysis could hopefully predict outcome in the future.
Knowledge of Learning Makes a Difference: A Comparison of Metacognition in Introductory and Senior-Level Biology Students
Authors: Stanton Julie Dangremond , Dye Kathryn Morris , Johnson Me’Shae
Published: May 2019

Metacognitive regulation occurs when learners regulate their thinking in order to learn. We asked how introductory and senior-level biology students compare in their use of the metacognitive regulation skill of evaluation, which is the ability to appraise the effectiveness of an individual learning strategy or an overall study plan. We coded student answers to an exam self-evaluation assignment for evidence of evaluating ( n = 315). We found that introductory and senior students demonstrated similar ability to evaluate their individual strategies, but senior students were better at evaluating their overall plans. We examined students’ reasoning and found that senior students use knowledge of how people learn to evaluate effective strategies, whereas introductory students consider how well a strategy aligns with the exam to determine its effectiveness. Senior students consider modifying their use of a strategy to improve its effectiveness, whereas introductory students abandon strategies they evaluate as ineffective. Both groups use performance to evaluate their plans, and some students use their feelings as a proxy for metacognition. These data reveal differences between introductory and senior students, which suggest ways metacognition might develop over time. We contextualize these results using research from cognitive science, and we consider how learning contexts can affect students’ metacognition.
Psychiatric Admissions from North London Related to Demographic and Ecological Characteristics
Authors: Mezey Alex G. , Evans Eileen
Published: May 2019

That there are wide regional differences in the demand for psychiatric beds is common knowledge, and is frequently commented upon. There is no generally accepted interpretation, and it is difficult to draw conclusions from a comparison between different areas when the crucial treatment facilities—in-patient and out-patient services, admission policies, after-care in the community—are far from uniform. It has been argued that much of the variability in admission rates is independent of mental disorder incidence and reflects other forces at work, such as the organization of the services available to the mentally ill.
Intravenous Chlorimipramine in the Treatment of Severe Depression
Authors: Collins G. H.
Published: May 2019

This is a preliminary report on a clinical trial designed to evaluate the effect of intravenous infusions of chlorimipramine as a possible alternative to ECT in the treatment of severe depression.
The Clinical Distinction between Psychotic and Neurotic Depressions
Authors: Kendell R. E. , Gourlay Jane
Published: May 2019

Proof that two clinical syndromes are distinct entities depends on a demonstration that patients with features of both syndromes are less common than those with features only of the one or the other. The intermediate forms, the greys, must be shown to be less numerous than the blacks and the whites, which means in graphical terms that a bimodal distribution of scores must be demonstrated on some chosen dimension. The optimal dimension for this purpose is Fisher's discriminant function (Fisher, 1936; Rao, 1948), and it may be useful before proceeding further to describe how this is derived. From the universe of all patients with syndrome X (psychotic depression) or syndrome Y (neurotic depression) every patient is assigned to one or other category, and the two populations are then rated on a series of N items which comprise the recognized discriminators between the two syndromes. From these data the analysis produces a set of weights for the N items which maximizes the ratio of between group to within group variance. The effect of this is that, when a single weighted score is calculated for each patient by combining the weights of the relevant items, the overlap between the scores of members of the two populations, X and Y, is reduced to a minimum. If the distribution of the scores of X and Y combined is bimodal the validity of the distinction between the two is confirmed.
A Repertory Grid Method of Studying Groups
Authors: Watson J. P.
Published: May 2019

A repertory grid is obtained when a person compares and rates a set of ‘elements' in terms of an appropriate set of ‘constructs', using a consistent procedure throughout (Slater, 1964). The elements may be the names of real or imaginary people, qualities, or activities, in fact any group of items to all of which each construct is logically applicable.