bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insight into ECMO, mortality and ARDS: a nationwide analysis of 45,647 ECMO runs
Authors: Friedrichson Benjamin , Mutlak Haitham , Zacharowski Kai , Piekarski Florian
Published: January 2021

Background

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) has become an integral part of modern intensive therapy. The choice of support mode depends largely on the indication. Patients with respiratory failure are predominantly treated with a venovenous (VV) approach. We hypothesized that mortality in Germany in ECLS therapy did not differ from previously reported literature

Methods

Inpatient data from Germany from 2007 to 2018 provided by the Federal Statistical Office of Germany were analysed. The international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems codes (ICD) and process keys (OPS) for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) types, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and hospital mortality were used.

Results

In total, 45,647 hospitalized patients treated with ECLS were analysed. In Germany, 231 hospitals provided ECLS therapy, with a median of 4 VV-ECMO and 9 VA-ECMO in 2018. Overall hospital mortality remained higher than predicted in comparison to the values reported in the literature. The number of VV-ECMO cases increased by 236% from 825 in 2007 to 2768 in 2018. ARDS was the main indication for VV-ECMO in only 33% of the patients in the past, but that proportion increased to 60% in 2018. VA-ECMO support is of minor importance in the treatment of ARDS in Germany. The age distribution of patients undergoing ECLS has shifted towards an older population. In 2018, the hospital mortality decreased in VV-ECMO patients and VV-ECMO patients with ARDS to 53.9% (n = 1493) and 54.4% (n = 926), respectively.

Conclusions

ARDS is a severe disease with a high mortality rate despite ECLS therapy. Although endpoints and timing of the evaluations differed from those of the CESAR and EOLIA studies and the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Registry, the reported mortality in these studies was lower than in the present analysis. Further prospective analyses are necessary to evaluate outcomes in ECMO therapy at the centre volume level.
COVID-19: What we’ve done well and what we could or should have done better—the 4 Ps
Authors: Vincent Jean-Louis , Wendon Julia , Martin Greg S. , Juffermans Nicole P. , Creteur Jacques , Cecconi Maurizio
Published: January 2021

The current coronavirus pandemic has impacted heavily on ICUs worldwide. Although many hospitals and healthcare systems had plans in place to manage multiple casualties as a result of major natural disasters or accidents, there was insufficient preparation for the sudden, massive influx of severely ill patients with COVID-19. As a result, systems and staff were placed under immense pressure as everyone tried to optimize patient management. As the pandemic continues, we must apply what we have learned about our response, both good and bad, to improve organization and thus patient care in the future.
Retinal vessel segmentation with constrained-based nonnegative matrix factorization and 3D modified attention U-Net
Authors: Yu Yang , Zhu Hongqing
Published: January 2021

Due to the complex morphology and characteristic of retinal vessels, it remains challenging for most of the existing algorithms to accurately detect them. This paper proposes a supervised retinal vessels extraction scheme using constrained-based nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) and three dimensional (3D) modified attention U-Net architecture. The proposed method detects the retinal vessels by three major steps. First, we perform Gaussian filter and gamma correction on the green channel of retinal images to suppress background noise and adjust the contrast of images. Then, the study develops a new within-class and between-class constrained NMF algorithm to extract neighborhood feature information of every pixel and reduce feature data dimension. By using these constraints, the method can effectively gather similar features within-class and discriminate features between-class to improve feature description ability for each pixel. Next, this study formulates segmentation task as a classification problem and solves it with a more contributing 3D modified attention U-Net as a two-label classifier for reducing computational cost. This proposed network contains an upsampling to raise image resolution before encoding and revert image to its original size with a downsampling after three max-pooling layers. Besides, the attention gate (AG) set in these layers contributes to more accurate segmentation by maintaining details while suppressing noises. Finally, the experimental results on three publicly available datasets DRIVE, STARE, and HRF demonstrate better performance than most existing methods.
RNF115 promotes lung adenocarcinoma through Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation by mediating APC ubiquitination
Authors: Wu Xiao-Ting , Wang Yu-Han , Cai Xiao-Yue , Dong Yun , Cui Qing , Zhou Ya-Ning , Yang Xi-Wen , Lu Wen-Feng , Zhang Ming
Published: January 2021

Background

Patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have high mortality rate and poor prognosis. The LUAD cells display increased aerobic glycolysis, which generates energy required for their survival and proliferation. Deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway induces the metabolism switching and oncogenesis in tumor cells. RING finger protein 115 (RNF115) is an E3 ligase for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Although the oncogenic functions of RNF115 have been revealed in breast tumor cells, the effect of RNF115 on lung cancer is still not clear.

Methods

RNF115 expression and its correlation with the features of LUAD patients were analyzed by using public database and our own cohort. The functions of RNF115 in proliferation and energy metabolism in LUAD cells were explored by downregulating or upregulating RNF115 expression.

Results

We demonstrated that RNF115 was overexpressed in LUAD tissues and its expression was positively correlated with the poor overall survival of LUAD patients. Moreover, RNF115 overexpression inhibited LUAD cell apoptosis and promoted cellular proliferation and metabolism in LUAD cells. On the contrary, RNF115 knockdown displayed reverse effects. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of the biological function of RNF115 in LUAD was through regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway via ubiquitination of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC).

Conclusion

The current study reveals a close association between RNF115 expression and prognostic conditions in LUAD patients and the oncogenic roles of RNF115 in LUAD at the first time. These findings may help establish the foundation for the development of therapeutics strategies and clinical management for lung cancer in future.
Genetic risk factors for autoimmune hepatitis: implications for phenotypic heterogeneity and biomarkers for drug response
Authors: Higuchi Takashi , Oka Shomi , Furukawa Hiroshi , Tohma Shigeto , Yatsuhashi Hiroshi , Migita Kiyoshi
Published: January 2021

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare chronic progressive liver disease with autoimmune features. It mainly affects middle-aged women. AIH is occasionally complicated with liver cirrhosis that worsens the prognosis. Genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of AIH. Genetic studies of other diseases have been revealing of pathogenesis and drug efficacy. In this review, we summarize the genetic risk factors for AIH, including human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and non-HLA genes. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) on European AIH revealed the strongest associations to be with single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in HLA. Predisposing alleles for AIH were DRB1*03:01 and DRB1*04:01 in Europeans; DRB1*04:04, DRB1*04:05, and DRB1*13:01 in Latin Americans; and DRB1*04:01 and DRB1*04:05 in Japanese. Other risk SNVs in non-HLA genes for AIH were found by a candidate gene approach, but several SNVs were confirmed in replication studies. Some genetic factors of AIH overlapped with those of other autoimmune diseases. Larger-scale GWASs of other ethnic groups are required. The results of genetic studies might provide an explanation for the phenotypic heterogeneity of AIH and biomarkers for drug responses.
Publisher Correction to: BRAINSTORMING: A study protocol for a randomised double-blind clinical trial to assess the impact of concurrent brain stimulation (tDCS) and working memory training on cognitive performance in Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)
Authors: Assecondi Sara , Hu Rong , Eskes Gail , Read Michelle , Griffiths Chris , Shapiro Kim
Published: January 2021

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors flagged that the article had published with the Acknowledgements erroneously excluded from the declarations at the end of the article.
Epigenetic immunomodulatory effect of eugenol and astaxanthin on doxorubicin cytotoxicity in hormonal positive breast Cancer cells
Authors: Fouad Mariam A. , Sayed-Ahmed Mohamed M. , Huwait Etimad A. , Hafez Hafez F. , Osman Abdel-Moneim M.
Published: January 2021

Background

Hormonal receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed molecular subtype of breast cancer; which showed good response to doxorubicin (DOX)-based chemotherapy. Eugenol (EUG) and astaxanthin (AST) are natural compounds with proved epigenetic and immunomodulatory effects in several cancer cell lines. This study has been initiated to investigate the molecular mechanism (s) whereby EUG and AST could enhance DOX cytotoxicity in MCF7 cells.

Methods

Cytotoxic activity of DOX alone and combined with either 1 mM EUG or 40 μM AST was performed using sulphorhodamine-B assay in MCF7 cells. Global histones acetylation and some immunological markers were investigated using ELISA, western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR techniques. Functional assay of multidrug resistance was performed using rhodamine 123 and Hoechst 3342 dyes. Flow cytometry with annexin V and propidium iodide were used to assess the change in cell cycle and apoptosis along with the expression of some differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy proteins.

Results

DOX alone resulted in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity with IC50 of 0.5 μM. Both EUG and AST significantly increased DOX cytotoxicity which is manifested as a significant decrease in DOX IC50 from 0.5 μM to 0.088 μM with EUG and to 0.06 μM with AST. Combinations of DOX with 1 mM EUG or 40 μM AST significantly increased the level of histones acetylation and histone acetyl transferase expression, while reduced the expression of aromatase and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) when compared with 0.25 μM DOX alone. Also both combinations showed higher uptake of rhodamine but lower of Hoechst stains, along with increased the percentage of caspase 3, and decreased the expression of CK7 and LC3BI/II ratio. EUG combination induced IFγ but reduced TNFα causing shifting of cells from G2/M to S and G0/ G1 phases. Combination of DOX with EUG induced apoptosis through the higher BAX/ BCl2 ratio, while with AST was through the increase in caspase 8 expressions.

Conclusion

EUG and AST potentiated the anticancer activity of DOX through epigenetic histones acetylation along with the immunonomodulation of different apoptotic approaches in MCF7 cells.
Safety of natural anthraquinone emodin: an assessment in mice
Authors: Sougiannis Alexander T. , Enos Reilly T. , VanderVeen Brandon N. , Velazquez Kandy T. , Kelly Brittany , McDonald Sierra , Cotham William , Chatzistamou Ioulia , Nagarkatti Mitzi , Fan Daping , Murphy E. Angela
Published: January 2021

Background

Emodin, a natural anthraquinone, has shown potential as an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of many diseases including cancer. However, its clinical development is hindered by uncertainties surrounding its potential toxicity. The primary purpose of this study was to uncover any potential toxic properties of emodin in mice at doses that have been shown to have efficacy in our cancer studies. In addition, we sought to assess the time course of emodin clearance when administered both intraperitoneally (I.P.) and orally (P.O.) in order to begin to establish effective dosing intervals.

Methods

We performed a subchronic (12 week) toxicity study using 3 different doses of emodin (~ 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 80 mg/kg) infused into the AIN-76A diet of male and female C57BL/6 mice (n = 5/group/sex). Body weight and composition were assessed following the 12-week feeding regime. Tissues were harvested and assessed for gross pathological changes and blood was collected for a complete blood count and evaluation of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and creatinine. For the pharmacokinetic study, emodin was delivered intraperitoneally I.P. or P.O. at 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg doses to male and female mice (n = 4/group/sex/time-point) and circulating levels of emodin were determined at 1, 4 and 12 h following administration via liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis.

Results

We found that 12 weeks of low (20 mg/kg), medium (40 mg/kg), or high (80 mg/kg) emodin feeding did not cause pathophysiological perturbations in major organs. We also found that glucuronidated emodin peaks at 1 h for both I.P. and P.O. administered emodin and is eliminated by 12 h. Interestingly, female mice appear to metabolize emodin at a faster rate than male mice as evidenced by greater levels of glucuronidated emodin at the 1 h time-point (40 mg/kg for both I.P. and P.O. and 20 mg/kg I.P.) and the 4-h time-point (20 mg/kg I.P.).

Conclusions

In summary, our studies establish that 1) emodin is safe for use in both male and female mice when given at 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg doses for 12 weeks and 2) sex differences should be considered when establishing dosing intervals for emodin treatment.
Post treatment of anaerobically treated brewery effluent using pilot scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system
Authors: Alayu Ermias , Leta Seyoum
Published: January 2021

The anaerobic process is considered to be a sustainable technology for the treatment of wastewaters rich in organic matter mainly due to its lower energy consumption and production of value-added products such as biogas and organic fertilizer. However, it cannot be seen as providing ‘complete’ environmental solution as its treated effluents would typically not meet the desired discharge limits in terms of residual carbon, nutrients and other pollutants. This has given impetus to subsequent post treatment in order to meet the environmental standards and protect the receiving water bodies and environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-treatment potential of a pilot scale two-stage horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSFCW) system planted with Cyperus alternifolius and Typha latifolia, respectively, for enhanced removal of residual carbon and nutrient from an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treated brewery effluent. A pilot scale two-stage HSSFCW was integrated with the UASB reactor, and its performance efficiency was assessed for the removal of total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium–nitrogen (NH4–N), total phosphorous (TP), and orthophosphate (PO43−). Macrophytes aboveground biomass and nutrient accumulation potential were also determined following standard methods. The results from this study showed that Cyperus alternifolius planted CW cell removed 68.5% TSS, 74.2% COD, 55.7% TN, 68.6% NH4–N, 41.1% TP and 48.1% PO43−. Moreover, further polishing with Typha latifolia planted CW cell enhanced the removal efficiencies to 89% TSS, 92% COD, 83.6% TN, 92.9% NH4–N, 74.4% TP, and 79.5% PO43−. Strong linearity and Pearson correlation was found between macrophyte biomass and nutrient accumulation in each CW cell (Cyperus alternifolius: R2 = 0.91, r = 0.97 for TN; R2 = 0.92, r = 0.96 for TP; and Typha latifolia: R2 = 0.96, r = 0.98 for TN and TP), and showed substantial nutrient reduction with cumulative nutrient accumulation of 1290 gTNm−2 and 708.7 gTPm−2 in the complete system. The performance of the pilot CW system as a tertiary treatment for brewery wastewater showed that the effluent meets the permissible discharge standards throughout the year excluding phosphorous.
Species diversity and molecular analysis of opportunistic Mycobacterium, Nocardia and Rhodococcus isolated from the hospital environment in a developing country, a potential resources for nosocomial infection
Authors: Siavashifar Marzieh , Rezaei Fatemeh , Motallebirad Tahereh , Azadi Davood , Absalan Abdorrahim , Naserramezani Zahra , Golshani Mohadeseh , Jafarinia Morteza , Ghaffari Kazem
Published: January 2021

Background

Hospital environmental resources have a significant role in cross-transmission of opportunistic pathogens such as actinomycetes species to the patients. Actinomycetes have a remarkable capability to survive in adverse and harsh conditions of hospital environments; therefore, they are a threat to the health of patients. Due to this issue, we aimed to determine the frequency and diversity of actinomycetes species in hospital soil, water and dust by using a combination of conventional and molecular methods including the phenotypic and biochemical tests for preliminary identification and the PCR amplification of the specific region of the 16S rRNA, hsp65 gene and sequence analyses of 16S rRNA for the genus and species identification.

Results

A total of 50 (35.2%) actinomycetes isolates from 7 genera were isolated from 142 hospital environmental samples. The three most prevalent species were M. setense 10%, R. erythropolis and M. fortuitum 8% followed by N.cyriacigeorgica and M. gordonae 6%, M. chelonae, M. abscessus, M. lentiflavum, M. mucogenicum, N. asteroides, N. farcinica, R. equi and L. shinushuensis 4% and the single isolates of M. conceptionense, M. septicum, N. rhamnosophilia, N. bravicatena, M. flavescens, M. arupense, M. doricum, M. frederiksbergense, S. heliomycini, S. albus, S. albogriseolus, R. facians, D. maris, G. terae and A. globiformis.

Conclusions

In conclusion we showed that the hospital environment is a potential reservoir for a broad range of actinomycetes species, due to the remarkable survival capability of these microorganisms in adverse hospital environment, carrying a threat to the health of patients.
Highlight selection of radiochemistry and radiopharmacy developments by editorial board (January–June 2020)
Authors: Al-Qahtani Mohammed , Behe Martin , Bormans Guy , Carlucci Giuseppe , Dasilva Jean , Decristoforo Clemens , Elsinga Philip H. , Kopka Klaus , Li Xiang-Guo , Mach Robert , Middel Oskar , Passchier Jan , Patt Marianne , Penuelas Ivan , Rey Ana , Scott Peter J. H. , Todde Sergio , Toyohara Jun , Vugts Danielle
Published: January 2021

Background

The Editorial Board of EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry releases a biyearly highlight commentary to describe trends in the field.

Results

This commentary of highlights has resulted in 19 different topics selected by each member of the Editorial Board addressing a variety of aspects ranging from novel radiochemistry to first in man application of novel radiopharmaceuticals.

Conclusion

Trends in radiochemistry and radiopharmacy are highlighted demonstrating the progress in the research field being the scope of EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry.
Image-Guided Biopsy for Relapsed Neuroblastoma: Focus on Safety, Adequacy for Genetic Sequencing, and Correlation of Tumor Cell Percent With Quantitative Lesion MIBG Uptake
Authors: Samoyedny Andrew , Srinivasan Abhay , States Lisa , Mosse Yael P. , Alai Emma , Pawel Bruce , Pogoriler Jennifer , Shellikeri Sphoorti , Vatsky Seth , Acord Michael , Escobar Fernando , Edgar J. Christopher , Maris John M. , Cahill Anne Marie
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE

Many novel therapies for relapsed and refractory neuroblastoma require tumor tissue for genomic sequencing. We analyze our experience with image-guided biopsy in these patients, focusing on safety, yield, adequacy for next-generation sequencing (NGS), and correlation of tumor cell percent (TC%) with quantitative uptake on 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) single-photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography (SPECT/CT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

An 11-year retrospective review of image-guided biopsy on 66 patients (30 female), with a median age of 8.7 years (range, 0.9-49 years), who underwent 95 biopsies (55 bone and 40 soft tissue) of relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma lesions was performed.

RESULTS

There were seven minor complications (7%) and one major complication (1%). Neuroblastoma was detected in 88% of MIBG- or fluorodeoxyglucose-avid foci. The overall NGS adequacy was 69% (64% in bone and 74% in soft tissue, P = .37). NGS adequacy within neuroblastoma-positive biopsies was 88% (82% bone and 96% soft tissue, P = .11). NGS-adequate biopsies had a greater mean TC% than inadequates (51% v 18%, P = .03). NGS-adequate biopsies had a higher mean number of needle passes (7.5 v 3.4, P = .0002). The mean tissue volume from NGS-adequate soft-tissue lesions was 0.16 cm3 ± 0.12. Lesion:liver and lesion:psoas MIBG uptake ratios correlated with TC% (r = 0.74, r = 0.72, and n = 14). Mean TC% in NGS-adequate samples was 51%, corresponding to a lesion:liver ratio of 2.9 and a lesion:psoas ratio of 9.0. Thirty percent of biopsies showed an actionable ALK mutation or other therapeutically relevant variant.

CONCLUSION

Image-guided biopsy for relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma was safe and likely to provide NGS data to guide therapy decisions. A lesion:liver MIBG uptake ratio of ≥ 3 or a lesion:psoas ratio of > 9 was associated with a TC% sufficient to deliver NGS results.
Sex differences in postprandial blood glucose and body surface temperature are contingent on flight in the fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx
Authors: Nagarajan-Radha Venkatesh , Devaraj Paramanantha Swami Doss
Published: January 2021

The postprandial blood glucose level is very high for the body size in frugivorous bats. Like other homeotherms, bats release heat during digestion of dietary macronutrients. Despite males and females of the same species exhibiting different foraging behaviour, empirical support for sex differences in blood glucose and body surface temperature in fruit bats is poor. Moreover, while flight affects postprandial metabolism, whether such effects are different in each sex of fruit bats is unclear. Here, we studied these questions in the fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx. We first assessed whether there are sex differences in the postprandial level of blood glucose and body surface temperature over time in rested bats. We then assessed whether flight affects outcomes of sex differences in both traits. We found that the estimated marginal means of both traits were generally higher in females than males, in rested bats. Notably, the sex difference in both traits was only significant at specific sampling time of the assay. Further, the trait means significantly differed between the sexes only in the rested, but not active, bats, meaning that signals of sex difference in metabolic traits eroded when bats were active. Taken together, our findings suggest that in C. sphinx, the sex specificity in the expression of metabolic traits is significantly dependent on physical activity.
Intertemporal Labor Supply Substitution? Evidence from the Swiss Income Tax Holidays
Authors: Martínez Isabel Z. , Saez Emmanuel , Siegenthaler Michael
Published: January 2021

This paper estimates intertemporal labor supply responses to two-year long income tax holidays staggered across Swiss cantons. Cantons shifted from an income tax system based on the previous two years’ income to a standard annual pay as you earn system, leaving two years of income untaxed. We find significant but quantitatively very small responses of wage earnings with an intertemporal elasticity of 0.025 overall. High wage income earners and especially the self-employed display larger responses with elasticities around 0.1 and 0.25, respectively, most likely driven by tax avoidance. We find no effects along the extensive margin at all. (JEL H24, H26, J22, J23, J31, R23)
Intergenerational Mobility of Immigrants in the United States over Two Centuries
Authors: Abramitzky Ran , Boustan Leah , Jácome Elisa , Pérez Santiago
Published: January 2021

Using millions of father-son pairs spanning more than 100 years of US history, we find that children of immigrants from nearly every sending country have higher rates of upward mobility than children of the US-born. Immigrants’ advantage is similar historically and today despite dramatic shifts in sending countries and US immigration policy. Immigrants achieve this advantage in part by choosing to settle in locations that offer better prospects for their children. (JEL J15, J18, J62, K37, N31, N32)
AI-aided detection of malignant lesions in mammography screening – evaluation of a program in clinical practice
Authors: Johansson Greta , Olsson Caroline , Smith Frida , Edegran Maria , Björk-Eriksson Thomas
Published: January 2021

Objectives:

Evaluation of the degree of concordance between an artificial intelligence (AI) program and radiologists in assessing malignant lesions in screening mammograms.

Methods:

The study population consisted of all consecutive cases of screening-detected histopathologically confirmed breast cancer in females who had undergone mammography at the NU Hospital Group (Region Västra Götaland, Sweden) in 2018 to 2019. Data were retrospectively collected from the AI program (lesion risk score in percent and overall malignancy risk score ranging from 1 to 10) and from medical records (independent assessments by two radiologists). Ethical approval was obtained.

Results:

Altogether, 120 females with screening-detected histopathologically confirmed breast cancer were included in this study. The AI program assigned the highest overall malignancy risk score 10 to 86% of the mammograms. Five cases (4%) were assigned an overall malignancy risk score ≤5. Lack of consensus between the two radiologists involved in the initial assessment was associated with lower overall malignancy risk scores (p = 0,002).

Conclusion:

The AI program detected a majority of the cancerous lesions in the mammograms. The investigated version of the program has, however, limited use as an aid for radiologists, due to the pre-calibrated risk distribution and its tendency to miss the same lesions as the radiologists. A potential future use for the program, aimed at reducing radiologists’ workload, might be to preselect and exclude low-risk mammograms. Although, depending on cut-off score, a small percentage of the malignant lesions can be missed using this procedure, which thus requires a thorough risk–benefit analysis.

Advances in knowledge:

This study conducts an independent evaluation of an AI program’s detection capacity under screening-like conditions which has not previously been done for this program.
Bibliothek 2.0 pragmatisch - Teilnahme garantiert keine Mitgestaltung
Authors: Herrlich Bernhard
Published: January 2021

DOI: 10.12685/027.7-1-1-11Der durchschlagende Erfolg der sozialen Medien ist hinlänglich bekannt. Die inzwischen mannigfaltigen Möglichkeiten des Austausches im virtuellen Raum kommen im Vergleich zum Web 1.0 einer kommunikativen Befreiung gleich und können als Nachvollzug des „linguistic turn“ im Netz verstanden werden. Kommunikation und mit ihr die Kooperation ist dynamisch und nicht mehr statisch. Entsprechend hoch waren die Erwartungen an die Mitgestaltung der Bibliothek 2.0 durch die Bibliotheks­benutzerinnen und -benutzer. Diese hält sich aber in Grenzen. Den Grund dafür sieht der Autor in der These, dass sich der grundsätzlich unverfängliche Gesprächskontext unter gleichberechtigten Usern durch den Eintritt von Institutionen auf Web 2.0-Plattformen nicht aufrechterhalten lässt, denn die Kommuni­kation zwischen User und Institution ist asymmetrisch. Dennoch ist das Konzept Bibliothek 2.0 nicht am Ende, auch wenn die anfänglich erwartete komplette Umwälzung der Bibliothek sich „lediglich“ als Weiterentwicklung herausstellt. Im Bereich der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit sind die sozialen Medien als inte­ressanter Informationskanal zu betrachten und nicht zuletzt als Mittel, um die steigende Zahl derjenigen zu erreichen, die ausschliesslich in sozialen Medien anzutreffen sind.The striking success of social media is well-known. The various communication possibilities in the virtual world have a liberating effect compared to those of web 1.0. They can be seen as a reenactment of the linguistic turn. Communication and thus cooperation are dynamic rather than static. Corres­pondingly, expectations about active cooperation of library users in the library 2.0 were high. I suggest that the reason why these expectations could not be fulfilled is because the spontaneous discourse among equal discussants cannot be maintained when institutions are involved. Communication between users and institutions is asymmetric. Nevertheless, the concept of library 2.0 is not at an end, even if libraries will not be entirely revolutionised. In public relations, for example, social media remain interesting especially to reach those users who increasingly can only be contacted via social media.
University Libraries and Social Media - The Case of the Postmodern Library, Kenyatta University
Authors: Njoroge George Gitau , Kang'ethe Patience
Published: January 2021

DOI: 10.12685/027.7-1-1-14Die Post Modern Library (PML) ist die Universitätsbibliothek der Kenyatta University in Nairobi. Die Bibliothek bietet uneingeschränkten drahtlosen Internetzugang sowie weitere Dienstleistungen an, die die üblichen Möglichkeiten kenianischer Bibliotheken bei Weitem übersteigen. Insbesondere die Möglichkeiten des Web 2.0 werden eingehend genutzt. Der Facebook-Auftritt der Bibliothek bietet sich als sehr nützlicher Kommunikationskanal zwischen Nutzern und der Bibliothek an. In Kenia ist Bibliothek 2.0 ein entscheidender Mehrwert. The Post Modern Library (PML) is an academic library at Kenyatta University in Nairobi. The library provides its users with unlimited wireless internet access and various other services which are far beyond the usual possibilities of other libraries in the country. Especially the possibilities of Web 2.0 are emphasized. The library’s facebook page is a very useful platform for communication between the library and the users. In Kenya, library 2.0 can make a big difference.
Die Schweizer Verbundlandschaft – ein Hemmnis für die Entwicklung der Bibliotheken?
Authors: Viegener Tobias
Published: January 2021

DOI: 10.12685/027.7-1-2-29Der Artikel beschreibt die Kataloggestaltung und die Metadatenqualität der Schweizer Biblio­theksverbünde auf universitärer und nationaler Ebene vor dem Hintergrund internationaler Trends in den Bereichen Standardisierung, Metadatenmanagement und Bibliotheksverwaltungssystem. Basierend auf der historischen Entwicklung des Schweizer Bibliothekswesens seit den 1990er Jahren wird vorgeschlagen, den durch mehrfache Datenhaltung entstehenden Verwaltungsoverhead zu verringern. Aus diesem Grund soll eine nationale, auf internationalen Standards fussende Metadatenbasis aufgebaut werden.Referring to international trends concerning standardisation, metadata management and library administration tools, the article describes catalogue designs and the quality of metadata in university and national library networks in Switzerland. Based on the analysis of the historical growth of these networks since the 1990ies, the author suggests that administration overhead which is a consequence of the use of diverse data formats in different library networks must be reduced. It is therefore crucial to establish a new basis for metadata on a national level which follows international standards.
„Spielen die jetzt Soziologen?“ Nutzerstudien mit ethnografischen Methoden
Authors: Haas Corinna
Published: January 2021

DOI: 10.12685/027.7-1-3-38Ausgehend von den USA ist der Trend zur Nutzerforschung mit Methoden aus der Ethnografie nun auch in Deutschland angekommen. Den Durchbruch brachte die Studie „Studying Students“ (2007) der University of Rochester, deren Ansatz des „Participatory Design“ inzwischen viele andere akademische Bibliotheken gefolgt sind. Auch im deutschen Sprachraum gibt es bereits Aktivitäten in diese Richtung. Wie eine Stichprobe der Autorin an fünf Bibliotheken zeigt, sind theoretische und methodische Kenntnisse der Nutzerforschung in der Fachcommunity jedoch noch nicht ausreichend verbreitet.Starting in the USA, user research carried out with ethnographical methods has reached Germa­ny. The breakthrough-study “Studying Students” (2007) at the university of Rochester which used the “par­ticipatory design” approach has been perceived by academic libraries. However, user studies in general, let alone the implementation of ethnographic methods, are still impeded by the lack of theoretical knowledge and methodological skills among library professionals in Germany. At least, this impression is given by in­terviews the author conducted with directors in five different libraries.
Evaluation bibliothekarischer Online-Angebote: Usability und Usefulness – zwei Seiten einer Medaille
Authors: Weinhold Thomas , Hügi Jasmin , Schneider René , Bekavac Bernard
Published: January 2021

DOI: 10.12685/027.7-1-3-39Aus Anwendersicht sind für die Qualität bibliothekarischer Online-Angebote zwei Aspekte entscheidend. Einerseits müssen für sie relevante Inhalte zur Verfügung stehen. Andererseits sollte es mög­lichst einfach und intuitiv möglich sein, diese Inhalte zu finden und auf sie zuzugreifen. Die Themen Usefulness und Usability sind daher für Bibliotheken von grosser Bedeutung. Der Beitrag beschreibt wie diese beiden Aspekte evaluiert werden können und wie Bibliotheken anhand von BibEval und PECI selb­ständig ihre Angebote überprüfen können.From the users’ point of view two aspects are essential for the quality of library online services. On the one hand, relevant content must be available. On the other hand, it should be simple and intuitive to find and to access this content. Therefore, the topics usability and usefulness are of great importance for li­braries. This article describes how these two aspects can be evaluated and how libraries can use BibEval and PECI for assessments of their own services.
The Reluctance to be on a Facebook Sabbatical: How Facebook Promotes Students’ Academic Life
Authors: Bröns Pernille , Greifeneder Elke , Støvring Sonia
Published: January 2021

DOI: 10.12685/027.7-1-3-40Several studies indicate negative effects of Facebook usage on academic performance. This arti­cle argues that there is more to the connection between students’ Facebook usage and their academic per­formance. Three independent studies were carried out: one study examined the effects of a Facebook sab­batical on students; two further studies explored the Facebook usage behaviour of students who felt that a sabbatical would affect them aversely. The results indicate that Facebook plays a more central role in stu­dent’s lives than that of a mere platform for procrastination. It is a place that combines education and work with a high degree of social interaction.Bisherige Studien lassen den Schluss zu, dass die Nutzung von Facebook einen negativen Ein­fluss auf akademische Leistungen hat. Dieser Artikel präsentiert drei neue Nutzerstudien, welche die Bezie­hung zwischen der Nutzung von Facebook und akademischen Leistungen deutlich komplexer erscheinen lassen als dies bisher vermutet wurde. Die erste Studie untersuchte die Auswirkungen eines Facebook-Sab­baticals auf Studierende; zwei weitere Studien untersuchten die Facebook-Nutzung von Studierenden, die das Sabbatical ablehnten. Die Ergebnisse der Studien zeigen, dass Facebook viel mehr ist als eine rein pri­vat genutzte Plattform, die Prokrastination befördert. Facebook ist ein virtueller Ort, der akademisches Le­ben und Arbeiten mit einem hohen Grad an Interaktion verbindet.
Inhaltsverzeichnis 2013
Authors: Ledl Andreas
Published: January 2021

Alle im Jahrgang 2013 erschienenen Artikel auf einen Blick.
Vor welchen Veränderungen steht die schweizerische Verbundslandschaft?
Authors: Schuldt Karsten , Mumenthaler Rudolf
Published: January 2021

DOI: 10.12685/027.7-2-1-47Die schweizerische Verbundslandschaft steht vor Umbrüchen. Grund sind technische und politische Entwicklungen, Diskussionen und Entscheidungen in Bibliotheken und Bibliotheksverbünden sowie die Veränderungen im Umfeld von Bibliotheken im Allgemeinen. Dieser Text stellt Argumente zusammen und fordert zur Diskussion dieser Situation auf. Bibliotheken sollten sich darüber klar werden, welche Verbünde, mit welchen Aufgaben und welchen Steuerungsformen, sie in Zukunft haben wollen.In Switzerland, the landscape of union catalogues and their hosting consortia has recently been in turmoil. Technical and political changes, discussions and decisions in libraries and library consortia, as well as the evolution of libraries at large have led to this situation. The following text summarizes arguments, but is also a call for discussion in which Swiss libraries should elaborate positions concerning future consortia and union catalogues, their responsibilities and governance.
ICPSR: A Consortial Model to Advance and Expand Social and Behavioral Research
Authors: Lyle Jared
Published: January 2021

DOI: 10.12685/027.7-2-1-49The Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) was founded over 50 years ago "to further the development of research in political science" (Miller 1963:11). Since that summer of 1962, the scope and range of services ICPSR offers has expanded significantly to encompass the wider social and behavioral research community, and from a handful of data collections to thousands. With over 750 consortial members from around the world, ICPSR is now a leader in preserving, curating, and providing access to scientific data so others can reuse the data and validate research findings. Much of the success of ICPSR can be traced back to the consortial model upon which the organization was founded, with members providing funding, input, and a sense of community. This article describes the history and current status of the consortium, and discusses upcoming challenges and opportunities.
Aufbewahren in Bibliotheken – konzentrieren oder verteilen? Beides! Ein Bericht aus der Schweiz
Authors: Niederer Ulrich
Published: January 2021

DOI: 10.12685/027.7-3-1-55Archivierende Bibliotheken kämpfen spätestens seit Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts mit wiederkehrenden Platzproblemen. Eine Lösung zeichnet sich seit Mitte des Jahrhunderts mit der Schaffung von Speicherbibliotheken ab. Sie konzentrieren aufzubewahrende Bestände an sicheren Orten. Eine andere Lösung sind Regelungen, die viele teilnehmende Bibliotheken verpflichten, bestimmte Titel sicher und langfristig aufzubewahren – sie verteilen Bestände auf viele Orte. Der folgende Beitrag stellt, nach einem kurzen Blick in die Geschichte von Speicherbibliotheken, das Projekt „Kooperative Speicherbibliothek Schweiz“, das sechs Bibliotheken der deutschsprachigen Schweiz realisieren, sowie das Projekt „Kooperative Print-Archivierung“ (KPA) der Konferenz der Universitätsbibliotheken der Schweiz (KUB) vor.Since the beginning of the 20th century, libraries with archival responsibilities have been challenged by collection growth and diminishing space. One solution for this challenge has been realised in the creation of central storage libraries which store collections safely. Another potential solution could be agreements made between libraries to store specific volumes on a long term basis at different premises. The following article presents two ongoing projects in Switzerland: the “Kooperative Speicherbibliothek Schweiz” which involves six libraries in the German speaking part of the country, and the “Kooperative Print-Archivierung” which was launched by the Konferenz der Universitätsbibliotheken der Schweiz (KUB).Les bibliothèques patrimoniales sont confrontées au moins depuis le début du XXe siècle à des problèmes de place récurrents. Une solution a été trouvée au milieu du siècle avec la création des bibliothèques dépôts. Celles-ci permettent la préservation des collections en un seul lieu sûr. Une alternative consiste à établir des conventions obligeant les bibliothèques partenaires à conserver certains ouvrages de manière durable et de répartir ainsi géographiquement les collections. Après un bref résumé de l’histoire des bibliothèques dépôts, cet article présente le projet de la Kooperative Speicherbibliothek Schweiz (Bibliothèque dépôt coopérative de Suisse), réalisé par six bibliothèques de Suisse alémanique, ainsi que le projet de Coopération en archivage des périodiques imprimés(CAP) de la Conférence des bibliothèques universitaires suisses (CBU).
Ein Regelwerk für alle? RDA im Archiv des Deutschen Literaturarchivs Marbach
Authors: Becker Silke
Published: January 2021

DOI: 10.12685/027.7-3-2-61Resource Description and Access (RDA) gilt als Standard nicht nur für Bibliotheken, sondern für alle sammelnden Kultureinrichtungen wie Archive und Museen. Es ist aber fraglich, ob ein einziges Regelwerk die Anforderungen an die Erschliessung einer Materialvielfalt, wie sie drei so verschiedene Institutionstypen mit sich bringt, abdecken kann. Zwar gibt es derzeit keine Planungen, RDA künftig auch für den Bereich unikaler Materialien einzusetzen, dennoch ist es notwendig, eine Anpassung bestehender Regelwerke vorzunehmen, um in Zukunft in einer vernetzten Welt bestehen zu können. In diesem Beitrag werden die bisherigen Überlegungen und Entwicklungen beschrieben und eine künftige Lösung skizziert.Resource Description and Access (RDA) is not only intended for use in libraries, but also for all cultural organizations such as archives and museums. It is to be asked whether one standard is enough to satisfy the needs of such a variety of different resources available in such institutions. Although, today, there is no intention of using RDA for unique materials, it is crucial to adapt the existing set of rules in order to meet the challenges of a globalized world. This essay illustrates the current thoughts and developments on the topic and will also outline possible solutionsfor the problems inherent in RDA.
RDA – Eine Option für Archivalien?
Authors: Mattmann Beat
Published: January 2021

DOI: 10.12685/027.7-3-2-62Der neue Standard RDA hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, die Erschliessung in Bibliotheken und anderen Gedächtsinstitutionen in das neue Jahrhundert zu führen. Aus Sicht der nicht-bibliothekarischen Institutionen muss aber zuerst geklärt werden, ob RDA den eigenen Bedürfnissen überhaupt entsprechen kann. Anhand ausgewählter Medientypen wird gezeigt, dass der Standard den Erschliessungsanforderungen aus historischem Blickwinkel durchaus gerecht werden kann. Knackpunkte sind jedoch die Beschreibung von Dossiers und die Abbildung von Bestandsgliederungen. Letztlich dürfte, trotz der vorhandenen Eignung von RDA, eine Annäherung der Erschliessung über einen gemeinsamen Normdatenpool vorerst sinnvoller sein.The goal of the new standard RDA is to lead libraries and other institutions specialised on historical records management into the new century in terms of indexing. These other institutions however need to evaluate whether RDA can meet their special expectations. Based on the examination of different media types this article shows that RDA can be used for indexing historical material. Yet, the description of files and the mapping of the context of collections are serious challenges. This article argues that for now despite the possibilities of RDA the implementation of a common authority file might be more promising.
Ungleichheiten. Gedanken zur anhaltenden Kontroverse zwischen Bibliotheken und (Wissenschafts-)Verlagen
Authors: Wischenbart Rüdiger
Published: January 2021

Das öffentlich zugänglich Wissen ist in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten, seit Digitalisierung und Globalisierung eine starke Dynamik der Transformation in Gang gesetzt haben, nicht nur enorm angestiegen, sondern dessen Verteilung, wie auch die Zugänge zu Wissensbeständen, haben neue Ungleichheiten entstehen lassen. Wissenschaftsverlage gehörten, nach einer Phase des Umbaus in ihrem Marktsegment, erst zu den Gewinnern als Organisatoren der neuen Wissensgesellschaften, werden heute aber längst selbst durch neue Akteure aus der Internet-Ökonomie bedrängt. Auf der Basis von Kerndaten zum internationalen (Wissenschafts-) Verlagsmarkt wird der aktuelle Status in dieser Entwicklung bilanziert, sowie auch auf neue, alternative Modelle in der Wissensorganisation verwiesen.Publicly accessible knowledge has shown spectacular growth in the past few decades, driven by digitization and globalization. However, this process of transformation also has brought about new inequalities in the accessibility of knowledge resources. Commercial scientific publishing ventures in a first period have become winners as aggregators and operators of knowledge resources, before becoming more recently prey themselves for new, overwhelming competitors in the global Internet economy. This article summarizes relevant developments on the basis of extensive data to portraying the recent development of leading international academic publishers, and hinting at new, alternative approaches in the dissemination of knowledge resources.
Preisgestaltung von eBook-Angeboten für Bibliotheken: Die Perspektive eines Publikumsverlags
Authors: Beck Jonathan
Published: January 2021

Am Beispiel des Publikumsverlags C.H.Beck zeigt dieser Beitrag, wie und unter welchen Rahmenbedingungen digitale Bibliotheksangebote entstehen in Verlagen, deren Veröffentlichungen sich nicht primär an akademisch arbeitende Leser richten. Nach einer Vorbemerkung zu den Zielgruppen der verschieden Verlagsbereiche von C.H.Beck und die sich daraus ergebende historische Entwicklung digitaler Angebote legt der Beitrag dar, wie es zur Entwicklung des spezifischen Bibliotheksangebots „C.H.Beck eLibrary“ kam und welche Erwägungen bei der Preisfindung für dieses Angebot eine Rolle gespielt haben. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit gilt dabei den Kalkulationsgrundlagen in Publikumsverlagen sowie den relevanten rechtlichen und ökonomischen Umständen im Buchmarkt.Using the trade imprint C.H.Beck as example, this article shows how and under which restrictions digital library offers are created by publishers whose publications are not primarily focused on academic readers. Following introductory remarks regarding the target groups of the various C.H.Beck publishing divisions and on the consequential historical development of its digital offers, the article describes how the specific library offer “C.H.Beck eLibrary” was developed and which considerations were important in determining its pricing. Particular attention is given to cost factors in trade publishing and to relevant legal and economic conditions in book publishing.
Transparenz von Subskriptionskosten in der Schweiz
Authors: Gutknecht Christian
Published: January 2021

Dieser Beitrag handelt von dem Versuch, die Subskriptionszahlungen aller Schweizer Hochschulbibliotheken an Elsevier, Springer und Wiley in Erfahrung zu bringen. Zeitschriftenlizenzen beanspruchen bei den meisten wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken den grössten Teil des Erwerbungsbudget. Trotzdem gibt es wenig öffentliche Daten zu den detaillierten Ausgaben. Bibliotheken vereinbaren mit den Verlagen für gewöhnlich Vertraulichkeit über den Preis und die Vertragsbedinungen. Diese Vertraulichkeit ist unnötig und verhindert eine datenbasierte Diskussion über Open Access. Zudem verträgt sie sich nicht mit dem in der Schweiz auf Bundesebene und in vielen Kantonen gesetzlich verankerten Öffentlichkeitsprinzip.This article is about the attempt to disclose the subscription costs to Elsevier, Springer and Wiley from all Swiss academic libraries. The costs for journal subscriptions usually make the largest share of the acquisition budget of an academic library. Yet there is little public data about the specific costs. Usually libraries sign non disclosure agreements about the price and content of the contract with the publishers. This confidentiality is actually not necessary and does hinder the discussion about Open Access based on data. Additionally it is not compatible with Swiss law, where on federal level and in most cantons public access to documents is guaranteed to citizens.