bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suppression of the TGF-β signaling exacerbates degeneration of auditory neurons in kanamycin-induced ototoxicity in mice
Authors: Nitta Yoshihiro , Kurioka Takaomi , Mogi Sachiyo , Sano Hajime , Yamashita Taku
Published: May 2024

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays a significant role in multiple biological processes, including inflammation, immunity, and cell death. However, its specific impact on the cochlea remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of TGF-β signaling suppression on auditory function and cochlear pathology in mice with kanamycin-induced ototoxicity. Kanamycin and furosemide (KM-FS) were systemically administered to 8-week-old C57/BL6 mice, followed by immediate topical application of a TGF-β receptor inhibitor (TGF-βRI) onto the round window membrane. Results showed significant TGF-β receptor upregulation in spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) after KM-FA ototoxicity, whereas expression levels in the TGF-βRI treated group remained unchanged. Interestingly, despite no significant change in cochlear TGF-β expression after KM-FS ototoxicity, TGF-βRI treatment resulted in a significant decrease in TGF-β signaling. Regarding auditory function, TGF-βRI treatment offered no therapeutic effects on hearing thresholds and hair cell survival following KM-FS ototoxicity. However, SGN loss and macrophage infiltration were significantly increased with TGF-βRI treatment. These results imply that inhibition of TGF-β signaling after KM-FS ototoxicity promotes cochlear inflammation and SGN degeneration.
Pulsed radio wave as a sustainable control technology to improve indoor air quality
Authors: Undi G. S. N. V. K. S. N. Swamy , Ramya Cheramangalath Balan , Sola Srikanth , Kanniganti Radhica , Shinde Kiran
Published: May 2024

The need for technologies that can clean the air indoors has grown in pace with the rise in outside pollution. Maintaining interior environment adaptability requires a permanent air purification system that may be utilized to control PM2.5/10. In addition to more traditional methods of air purification, developing advanced control systems that effectively reduce PM levels sustainably is necessary. Pulsed radio waves may expedite the dry deposition of particles having aerodynamic dimensions of less than 30 µm. The charging and coagulation processes are evaluated in an indoor restricted environment. Experimental results reveal a similar pattern to the Monte Carlo models. Distribution of charge due to the nature of the charging environment increases the coagulation rate. Contained experimental testing confirms the filtering system functions as expected, corroborated by the present research. Daily average levels of PM2.5 and PM10 were lowered by between 55 and 41% according to a study done in three indoor settings using the control technology. Research conducted throughout all seasons showed that the approach was consistently efficient in reducing PM2.5/10. It was shown that PM concentrations could be lowered by around 45 percent using pulse radio wave technology, leading to this conclusion. The use of electromagnetic waves (EM waves) to eliminate air pollution has been suggested as a radical new approach. Considering the limitations of already used strategies, this is of paramount significance while considering solutions to control air pollution.
Long range transport of South and East Asian anthropogenic aerosols counteracting Arctic warming
Authors: Fadnavis Suvarna , Sonbawne Sunil M. , Laakso Anton , Ploeger Felix , Rap Alexandru , Heinold Bernd , Sabin T. P. , Müller Rolf
Published: May 2024

The large-scale convection during the Asian summer monsoon plays an important role in the rapid transport of boundary layer aerosols into the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone. Here, using the state-of-the-art ECHAM6–HAMMOZ aerosol-chemistry-climate model, we show that these aerosols are further transported to the Arctic along isentropic surfaces by the Brewer-Dobson-Circulation (BDC) during the monsoon season. Our model simulations show that East and South Asian anthropogenic emissions contribute significantly to the aerosol transported to the Arctic, which causes a higher negative net aerosol radiative forcing at the surface (dimming) of −0.09 ± 0.02 Wm−2 and −0.07 ± 0.02 Wm−2, respectively. Over the Arctic, the East Asian anthropogenic aerosols that include large amounts of sulfate cause a seasonal mean net radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) of −0.003 ± 0.001Wm−2 and a surface cooling of −0.56 K while the black carbon dominated aerosol from South Asia shows a positive TOA forcing of +0.004 ± 0.001Wm−2 with an only minor surface cooling of −0.043 K. Overall, the long-range transport of South Asian aerosols results in a notably warming throughout the atmospheric column but minimal temperature response at the Arctic surface. Conversely, East Asian aerosols cool the troposphere and heat the lower stratosphere in the Arctic. The Asian aerosol thus plays an ambivalent role, with the East Asian sources in particular having the potential to counteract the rapid rise in Arctic temperatures and the associated melting of snow and ice.
Biased versus unbiased numerical methods for stochastic simulations
Authors: Aguilar Javier , Ramasco José J. , Toral Raúl
Published: May 2024

Approximate numerical methods are one of the most used strategies to extract information from many-interacting-agents systems. In particular, numerical approximations are of extended use to deal with epidemic, ecological and biological models, since unbiased methods like the Gillespie algorithm can become unpractical due to high CPU time usage required. However, the use of approximations has been debated and there is no clear consensus about whether unbiased methods or biased approach is the best option. In this work, we derive scaling relations for the errors in approximations based on binomial extractions. This finding allows us to build rules to compute the optimal values of both the discretization time and number of realizations needed to compute averages with the biased method with a target precision and minimum CPU-time usage. Furthermore, we also present another rule to discern whether the unbiased method or biased approach is more efficient. Ultimately, we will show that the choice of the method should depend on the desired precision for the estimation of averages.
Deep seafloor hydrothermal vent communities buried by volcanic ash from the 2022 Hunga eruption
Authors: Beinart Roxanne A. , Arellano Shawn M. , Chaknova Marcus , Meagher Jasper , Davies Andrew J. , Lopresti Joseph , Cowell Emily J. , Betters Melissa , Ladd Tanika M. , Plowman Caitlin Q. , Rice Lauren N. , Davis Dexter , Heffernan Maia , Jimenez Vanessa , Beaver Tessa , Becker Johann , Bergen Sebastien , Brunner Livia , Calhoun Avery , Hauer Michelle , Taradash Aubrey , Giachetti Thomas , Young Craig M.
Published: May 2024

Mass mortality of marine animals due to volcanic ash deposition is present in the fossil record but has rarely been documented in real time. Here, using remotely-operated vehicle video footage and analysis of ash collected at the seafloor, we describe the devastating effect of the record-breaking 2022 Hunga submarine volcanic eruption on endangered and vulnerable snail and mussel species that previously thrived at nearby deep-sea hydrothermal vents. In contrast to grazing, scavenging, filter-feeding, and predatory vent taxa, we observed mass mortality, likely due to smothering during burial by thick ash deposits, of the foundation species, which rely on symbiotic chemosynthetic bacteria for the bulk of their nutrition. This is important for our broad understanding of the natural disturbance of marine ecosystems by volcanic eruptions and for predicting the effects of anthropogenic disturbance, like deep-sea mining, on these unique seafloor habitats.
Nucleotide sequence as key determinant driving insertions at influenza A virus hemagglutinin cleavage sites
Authors: Spronken Monique I. , Funk Mathis , Gultyaev Alexander P. , de Bruin Anja C. M. , Fouchier Ron A. M. , Richard Mathilde
Published: May 2024

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) emerge from H5 and H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs), most frequently upon insertions of nucleotides coding for basic amino acids at the cleavage site (CS) of the hemagglutinin (HA). The exact molecular mechanism(s) underlying this genetic change and reasons underlying the restriction to H5 and H7 viruses remain unknown. Here, we developed a novel experimental system based on frame repair through insertions or deletions (indels) of HAs with single nucleotide deletions. Indels were readily detected in a consensus H5 LPAIV CS at low frequency, which was increased upon the introduction of only one substitution leading to a longer stretch of adenines at the CS. In contrast, we only detected indels in H6 when multiple nucleotide substitutions were introduced. These data show that nucleotide sequence is a key determinant of insertions in the HA CS, and reveal novel insights about the subtype-specificity of HPAIV emergence.
Mining proteomes for zinc finger persulfidation
Authors: Li Haoju , Stoltzfus Andrew T. , Michel Sarah L. J.
Published: May 2024

A meta-analysis of 22 persulfide-specific proteomics datasets reveals widespread persulfidation of zinc finger proteins across various species, highlighting the role of persulfidation as an important post-translational modification.
Microhydration of small protonated polyaromatic hydrocarbons: a first principles study
Authors: Prakash Muthuramalingam , Rudharachari Maiyelvaganan K. , Giri Lakshman N. , Gopalakrishnan C. , Hochlaf Majdi
Published: May 2024

Using first principles methodology, we investigate the microsolvation of protonated benzene (BzH+), protonated coronene (CorH+) and protonated dodecabenzocoronene (DbcH+).
Longevity and efficacy of lanthanum-based P remediation under changing dissolved oxygen availability in a small eutrophic lake
Authors: Neweshy Wessam , Planas Dolors , Sanderson Nicole , Couture Raoul-Marie
Published: May 2024

Seasonal porewater dynamics in a lanthanum-remediated lake reveal that phosphorus mobility remains sensitive to redox conditions during its burial.
Sono-responsive smart nanoliposomes for precise and rapid hemostasis application
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhu Lichao , Wang Kaiyang , Chen Song , Zhang Yijiong , Song Wei , Qin Long , Liu Xijian , Luo Yu , Wan Jian
Published: May 2024

A sono-responsive smart nanoliposome loaded with thrombin (TNL) was developed. The structure of TNL collapses under ultrasonic activation and swiftly releases thrombin from the cavity, thereby achieving a precise and rapid local hemostasis.
Influence of iron content on water uptake and charge transport in BaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.2−xFexO3−δ triple-conducting oxides
Authors: Budnik Jagoda , Mielewczyk-Gryń Aleksandra , Gazda Maria , Miruszewski Tadeusz
Published: May 2024

Higher iron content in BaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.2−xFexO3−δ system leads to decreased oxygen vacancy concentration and diminished proton uptake, as well as lower electronic and oxygen ionic conductivity.
Simultaneous quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis of 13 apolipoproteins and lipoprotein (a) in human plasma
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan , Ren Xuanru , Zhou Zhitong , Wang Dao Wen , Rao Xiaoquan , Ding Hu , Wu Junfang
Published: May 2024

A robust LC-MS/MS method for simultaneously quantifying apolipoproteins and lipoprotein (a) has been developed.
Multiple non-covalent-interaction-directed supramolecular double helices: the orthogonality of hydrogen, halogen and chalcogen bonding
Authors: Liu Chuan-Zhi , Zhang Chi , Li Zhong-Yi , Chen Jiale , Wang Tonglu , Zhang Xiang-Kun , Yan Meng , Zhai Bin
Published: May 2024

A new type of supramolecular helix induced by three types of orthogonal interaction, hydrogen bonding (O⋯H⋯O), halogen bonding (I⋯N and I⋯F) and chalcogen bonding (Se⋯N), was constructed.
Big data benchmarking: how do DFT methods across the rungs of Jacob's ladder perform for a dataset of 122k CCSD(T) total atomization energies?
Authors: Karton Amir
Published: May 2024

Assesses the performance of DFT for atomization energies using a big-data set of 122 000 small drug-like molecules relative to CCSD(T) reference values. B3LYP emerges as the best performer (MAD = 4.1 kcal mol−1) followed by M06-L (MAD = 6.2 kcal mol−1).
New insight into impact of humidity on direct air capture performance by SIFSIX-3-Cu MOF
Authors: Bayati Behrouz , Keshavarz Fatemeh , Rezaei Nima , Zendehboudi Sohrab , Barbiellini Bernardo
Published: May 2024

Removal of CO2 from air is one of the key human challenges in battling global warming.
Exploring the mechanism of action of spirooxindoles as a class of CDK2 inhibitors: a structure-based computational approach
Authors: Abdjan Muhammad Ikhlas , Shafiq Muhammad , Nerukh Dmitry , Nur-e-Alam Mohammad , Ul-Haq Zaheer
Published: May 2024

This research elucidates how spirooxindoles inhibit CDK2 by employing structure-based methodologies, including molecular docking, MD simulations, and assessment of binding free energies.
An elastic single crystal composed of one-dimensional chiral coordination polymers
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Yu-Xia , Gao Kai-Ge , Zhang Jia-Hui , Hu Jie-Sheng , Tao Jun , Yao Zi-Shuo
Published: May 2024

A new crystal compound, ([CdCl2(1-methyl-2-pyridone)]n), shows exceptional flexibility and optical properties due to its chiral structure, making it a promising material for combining mechanical and optical features.
Triptycene as a scaffold in metallocene catalyzed olefin polymerization
Authors: Kulyabin Pavel S. , Sharikov Mikhail I. , Izmer Vyatcheslav V. , Kononovich Dmitry S. , Goryunov Georgy P. , Alexeev Nikita V. , Uborsky Dmitry V. , Vittoria Antonio , Antinucci Giuseppe , Ehm Christian , Budzelaar Peter H. M. , Cipullo Roberta , Busico Vincenzo , Voskoboynikov Alexander Z.
Published: May 2024

A set of metallocene catalysts bearing triptycene moieties in different positions was tested in olefin (co)polymerization. Comparison of results with QSPR predictions not parametrized for these exotic ligand variations demonstrates that trends can still be identified by extrapolation.
High-performance thermoelectric composites via scalable and low-cost ink processing
Authors: Tanvir Ali Newaz Mohammad , Bappy Md Omarsany , Zeng Minxiang , Shang Wenjie , Wang Ke , Song Kaidong , Liu Yukun , Isotta Eleonora , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Dowling Alexander W. , Luo Tengfei , Zhang Yanliang
Published: May 2024

This work demonstrates a remarkable room-temperature figure of merit zT of 1.3 for BiSbTe-based composites with excellent reproducibility using a scalable, low-cost ink processing technique.
Photoluminescence properties of europium-activated double layered perovskite Sr3Ti2O7 for high-quality lighting applications
Authors: Singh Dhananjay Kumar , Sinha Shriya , Mahata Manoj Kumar
Published: May 2024

Thermally stable double-layered perovskite materials for solid-state lighting applications.
Computational insight into the reactivity of FOX-7 and its bridge-ring energetic derivatives from Diels–Alder reactions
Authors: Xue Mei , Li Yunlu , Zhang Pengcheng , He Chunlin
Published: May 2024

The derivative reactions of FOX-7 were expanded based on Diels–Alder reaction, and novel bridge-ring energetic derivatives of FOX-7 were designed that are expected to be candidates for HEDMs.
Synthesis of axially chiral biaryl-2-carboxamides through Pd(ii)-catalyzed atroposelective C–H olefination
Authors: Jiang Bo-Yang , Zhou Gang , Jiang Ao-Lian , Zhou Tao , Shi Bing-Feng
Published: May 2024

A Pd(ii)-catalyzed atroposelective C–H olefination for the synthesis of axially chiral biaryl-2-carboxamides is reported.
Synthesis of heteroaryl C-glycosides via Ru-catalyzed C–H activation/cyclization: dioxazolone glycogen designs and applications
Authors: Liu Deng-Yin , Wang Peng-Fei , Hu Xin-Yue , Ruan Yu-Jun , Wang Xiao-Li , Wen Miao-Miao , Zhang Cong-Zhen , Xiao Yu-He , Liu Xu-Ge
Published: May 2024

New glycogen reagents of dioxazolone glycogen anomers have been developed. The versatile heteroarene C-glycosides have been synthesized using a Ru-catalyzed C–H activation/annulation strategy, employing these dioxazolone glycogen anomers.
Detection of epinephrine using a K2Fe4O7 modified glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Jiang Mingcheng , Zeng Decheng , Zheng Xinxin , Yuan Hongming
Published: May 2024

Application of iron-based solid electrolytes in EP sensors.
Unveiling the ion sensing capabailities of ‘click’ derived chalcone-tailored 1,2,3-triazolic isomers for Pb(ii) and Cu(ii) ions: DFT analysis
Authors: Singh Riddima , Singh Gurleen , George Nancy , Singh Gurjaspreet , Malik Pooja , Singh Harminder , Kaur Gurpreet , Singh Jandeep
Published: May 2024

Two new chalcone-based 1,2,3-triazole derivatives have been synthesised using ‘CuAAC’ for Cu(ii) and Pb(ii) ion detection.
Synthesis, microstructural and optical characterizations of sol-gel grown gadolinium doped cerium oxide ceramics
Authors: Dhruv S. D. , Kolte Jayant , Solanki Pankaj , Deshpande Milind P. , Solanki Vanaraj , Tailor Jiten , Agrawal Naveen , Patel V. A. , Markna J. H. , Kataria Bharat , Dhruv D. K.
Published: May 2024

In this study, through the utilization of the sol–gel combustion tactic, gadolinium (Gd)-doped cerium oxide (CeO2), Ce1−xGdxO2 (x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 (GDC)) ceramics were attained.
An electrochemically synthesized molecularly imprinted polymer for highly selective detection of breast cancer biomarker CA 15-3: a promising point-of-care biosensor
Authors: Oliveira Daniela , Romaguera Barcelay Yonny , Moreira Felismina T. C.
Published: May 2024

Here, a molecularly imprinted polymer film (MIP) was prepared on the surface of a disposable carbon screen-printed electrode (C-SPE) using (3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (AMPTMA) as a functional monomer and the cancer biomarker carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) as a template.
MOF-modified dendrite-free gel polymer electrolyte for zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Huang Changmiao , Li Hui , Teng Zixuan , Luo Yushu , Chen Wanyu
Published: May 2024

Zinc-ion batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage, and gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) play an important role in zinc-ion battery applications.
Evaluating the capability of soybean peptides as calcium ion carriers: a study through sequence analysis and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: An Jiulong , Wang Yumei , Li Wenhui , Liu Wanlu , Zeng Xiangquan , Liu Guoqi , Liu Xinqi , Li He
Published: May 2024

Peptides bind more calcium ions when Asp is near the N-terminal middle, Glu is at the end, or when there is continuous Asp/Glu.
Unveiling unique scaling behavior in miscible, volatile Marangoni spreading
Authors: Pant Anurag , Puthenveettil Baburaj A.
Published: May 2024

We present a novel observation of the expansion of the outer tip radius of a fast-spreading ethanol–water film spreading over a deep substrate of water.
Small variations in particle-level interactions lead to large structural heterogeneities in colloidal gels
Authors: Mangal Deepak , Vera Gonzalo Sanchez , Aime Stefano , Jamali Safa
Published: May 2024

Small spatial variations in the interaction potential lead to enhanced structural heterogeneities at the mesoscale in the colloidal gel network.
A bioinspired hydrogel with tailored nano-topography and desired mechanical performance for highly efficient solar-driven water purification
Authors: Ma Wenjing , Cao Wenxuan , Cui Min , Fan Qinwei , Xiong Ranhua , Huang Chaobo
Published: May 2024

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation has emerged as a sustainable and innovative technology for efficient, clean water production.
Recent advancements in bio-based dielectric and piezoelectric polymers and their biomedical applications
Authors: Yadegari Ali , Akbarzadeh Mahsa , Kargaran Farshad , Mirzaee Ramin , Salahshoori Iman , Nobre Marcos A. L. , Khonakdar Hossein Ali
Published: May 2024

Bio-based polymers possess distinctive dielectric and piezoelectric properties that make them extremely attractive in a variety of biomedical applications.
Soft carbon in non-aqueous rechargeable batteries: a review of its synthesis, carbonization mechanism, characterization, and multifarious applications
Authors: Ghosh Shuvajit , Zaid Mohammad , Dutta Jyotirekha , Parvin Monira , Martha Surendra K.
Published: May 2024

Soft carbon is a special class of carbon materials having tunable physical properties that makes it suitable for various battery applications.
PRODIGE – Planet-forming disks in Taurus with NOEMA
Authors: Franceschi R. , Henning Th. , Smirnov-Pinchukov G. V. , Semenov D. A. , Schwarz K. , Dutrey A. , Chapillon E. , Gorti U. , Guilloteau S. , Piétu V. , van Terwisga S. , Bouscasse L. , Caselli P. , Gieser G. , Hsieh T.-H. , Lopez-Sepulcre A. , Segura-Cox D. M. , Pineda J. E. , Maureira M. J. , Valdivia-Mena M. T.
Published: May 2024

Context. To understand how planets form in protoplanetary disks, it is necessary to characterize their gas and dust distribution and masses. This requires a combination of high-resolution dust continuum and molecular line interferometric observations, coupled with advanced theoretical models of protoplanetary disk physics, chemical composition, and radiative transfer.

Aims. We aim to constrain the gas density and temperature distributions as well as gas masses in several T Tauri protoplanetary disks located in Taurus. We use the 12CO, 13CO, and C18O (2–1) isotopologue emission observed at 0.9″ with the IRAM NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) as part of the MPG-IRAM Observatory Program PRODIGE (PROtostars and DIsks: Global Evolution PIs: P. Caselli & Th. Henning). Our sample consists of Class II disks with no evidence of strong radial substructures. We use these data to constrain the thermal and chemical structure of these disks through theoretical models for gas emission.

Methods. To fit the combined optically thick and thin CO line data in Fourier space, we developed the DiskCheF code, which includes the parameterized disk physical structure, machine-learning (ML) accelerated chemistry, and the RADMC-3D line radiative transfer module. A key novelty of DiskCheF is the fast and feasible ML-based chemistry trained on the extended grid of the disk physical-chemical models precomputed with the ANDES2 code. This ML approach allows complex chemical kinetics models to be included in a time-consuming disk fitting without the need to run a chemical code.

Results. We present a novel approach to incorporate chemistry into disk modeling without the need to explicitly calculate a chemical network every time. Using this new disk modeling tool, we successfully fit the 12CO, 13CO, and C18O (2-1) data from the CI, CY, DL, DM, DN, and IQ Tau disks. The combination of optically thin and optically thick CO lines allows us to simultaneously constrain the disk temperature and mass distribution, and derive the CO-based gas masses. The best-fit disk gas masses range between 0.005 and 0.04 M⊙. These values are in reasonable agreement with the disk dust masses rescaled by a factor of 100 as well as with other indirect gas measurements via, for example, modeling of the wavelength dependence of the dust continuum emission radii, and HD and CO isotopologue emission.
Evolutionary nature of puffed-up stripped star binaries and their occurrence in stellar populations
Authors: Dutta Debasish , Klencki Jakub
Published: May 2024

The majority of massive stars are formed in multiple systems, and at some point during their life, they interact with their companions via mass transfer. This interaction typically leads to the primary shedding its outer envelope, resulting in the formation of a “stripped star”. Classically, stripped stars are expected to quickly contract to become hot and UV-bright helium stars. Surprisingly, recent optical spectroscopic surveys have unveiled many stripped stars that are much larger and cooler, appearing “puffed up” and overlapping with the Main Sequence (MS) in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. Here, we study the evolutionary nature of puffed-up stripped (PS) stars and the duration of this enigmatic phase using the stellar-evolution code MESA. We computed grids of binary models at four metallicities: Solar (Z⊙ = 0.017), Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC,Z = 0.0068), Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC,Z = 0.0034), andZ = 0.1 Z⊙. Contrary to previous assumptions, we find that stripped stars regain thermal equilibrium shortly after the end of mass transfer and maintain it during most of the PS phase. Their further contraction towards hot and compact He stars is determined by the rate at which the residual H-rich envelope is depleted, with the main agents being H-shell burning (dominant forM ≲ 50 M⊙) and mass-loss in winds. The duration of the PS star phase is approximately 10% of the core-He burning lifetime (1% total lifetime) and up to 100 times more than the thermal timescale. It decreases with increasing mass and luminosity and increases with metallicity. We explored several factors influencing PS star lifetimes: orbital period, mass ratio, winds, and semiconvection. We further carried out a simple binary population synthesis estimation, finding that ∼0.5–0.7% of all the stars with log (L/L⊙) > 3.7 may, in fact, be PS stars. Our results indicate that tens to hundreds of PS stars in post-interaction binaries may be hiding in the MS population, disguised as ‘normal’ stars: ∼100 (∼280) in the SMC (LMC) and ∼1500 in the Milky Way. Their true nature may be revealed by spectroscopically measured low surface gravities, high N enrichment, and likely slow rotation rates.
Lithium, rotation and metallicity in the open cluster M35
Authors: Cuenda-Muñoz D. , Barrado D. , Agüeros M. A. , Curtis J. L. , Bouy H.
Published: May 2024

Context. Lithium (Li) abundance is an age indicator for G, K, and M stellar types, as its abundance decreases over time for these spectral types. However, despite all of the observational efforts made over the past few decades, the role of rotation, stellar activity, and metallicity in the depletion of Li is still unclear.

Aims. Our purpose is to investigate how Li depletion is affected by rotation and metallicity in G and K members of the roughly Pleiades-aged open cluster M35.

Methods. We have collected an initial sample of 165 candidate members observed with the WIYN/Hydra spectrograph. In addition, we have taken advantage of three previous spectroscopic studies of Li in M35. As a result, we have collected a final sample of 396 stars observed with the same instrument, which we have classified as non-members, possible non-members, possible members, and probable members of the cluster. We have measured iron abundances, Li equivalent widths, and Li abundances for the 110 M35 members added to the existing sample by this study. Finally, rotation periods for cluster members have been obtained from the literature or derived from Zwicky Transient Facility light curves.

Results. We have confirmed that fast G and K rotators are Li-rich in comparison with slow rotators of similar effective temperature. This trend, which is also seen in previous studies, is more evident when binaries are not taken into account. Furthermore, while we derived an average metallicity of [Fe/H] = −0.26 ± 0.09 from our spectra, the distribution of Li in M35 is similar to those observed for the Pleiades and M34 open clusters, which have solar metallicity and slightly different ages. In addition, we have shown that an empirical relationship proposed to remove the contribution of the Fe I line at 670.75 nm to the blended feature at 670.78 nm overestimates by 5–15 mÅ the contribution of this iron line for M35 members.

Conclusions. M35 fast G and K rotators have depleted less Li than their slower counterparts. Furthermore, a 0.2−0.3 dex difference in metallicity appears to make little difference in the Li distributions of open clusters with ages between 100 and 250 Myr.
NeuralCMS: A deep learning approach to study Jupiter’s interior
Authors: Ziv M. , Galanti E. , Sheffer A. , Howard S. , Guillot T. , Kaspi Y.
Published: May 2024

Context. NASA’s Juno mission provided exquisite measurements of Jupiter’s gravity field that together with the Galileo entry probe atmospheric measurements constrains the interior structure of the giant planet. Inferring its interior structure range remains a challenging inverse problem requiring a computationally intensive search of combinations of various planetary properties, such as the cloud-level temperature, composition, and core features, requiring the computation of ∼109 interior models.

Aims. We propose an efficient deep neural network (DNN) model to generate high-precision wide-ranged interior models based on the very accurate but computationally demanding concentric MacLaurin spheroid (CMS) method.

Methods. We trained a sharing-based DNN with a large set of CMS results for a four-layer interior model of Jupiter, including a dilute core, to accurately predict the gravity moments and mass, given a combination of interior features. We evaluated the performance of the trained DNN (NeuralCMS) to inspect its predictive limitations.

Results. NeuralCMS shows very good performance in predicting the gravity moments, with errors comparable with the uncertainty due to differential rotation, and a very accurate mass prediction. This allowed us to perform a broad parameter space search by computing only ∼104 actual CMS interior models, resulting in a large sample of plausible interior structures, and reducing the computation time by a factor of 105. Moreover, we used a DNN explainability algorithm to analyze the impact of the parameters setting the interior model on the predicted observables, providing information on their nonlinear relation.
Entorses do tornozelo no futebol profissional brasileiro: Análise epidemiológica de 126.357 horas de jogo
Authors: Lima Ewerton Borges de Souza , Salgado Gabriel de Melo , Mello Eduardo Patrício , Lara Paulo Henrique Schmidt , Arliani Gustavo Gonçalves , Cohen Moisés
Published: May 2024

Objetivo Realizar análise epidemiológica das entorses de tornozelo em jogadores profissionais de futebol no Brasil.

Métodos Estudo epidemiológico prospectivo das entorses de tornozelo em atletas profissionais de futebol masculino ocorridas no Campeonato Brasileiro e no Campeonato Paulista de Futebol, entre 2016 e 2019. Foram registrados todos os atendimentos médicos em campo realizados durante partidas oficiais. As variáveis avaliadas foram: idade e posição do jogador, diagnóstico da lesão, lateralidade, local em campo onde ocorreu a lesão, tempo de jogo, exames de imagem realizados, realização de tratamento cirúrgico, tempo de afastamento e recorrência da lesão. A incidência das lesões foi avaliada de acordo com a fórmula de incidência da Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA).

Resultados As entorses de tornozelo representaram 10,17% do total de lesões, com índice FIFA = 2.002. As lesões ligamentares laterais representaram 53,75% do total das entorses. Os atacantes foram os mais lesionados, com 86 lesões. O meio de campo foi o local com maior número de entorses (75,50%). Nos 15 minutos finais de cada tempo, ocorreram 47,04% das entorses. As lesões foram reincidentes em 31,22% dos casos, e 7,11% das lesões foram tratadas cirurgicamente. O tempo médio de afastamento foi de 13,95 dias.

Conclusões As entorses de tornozelo são lesões frequentes no futebol. Apesar do tempo médio para retorno ao esporte ser breve, essas lesões apresentam grande taxa de reincidência e são potencialmente cirúrgicas, o que está associado a maior tempo de afastamento.
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) in Rupture of the Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) with Severe Neck Angulation in Conscience of National Health Coverage in Tertiary Referral Hospital in Indonesian: Case Report
Authors: Nugroho Nyityasmono T. , Primananda Ryoga , Javier R. Mohamad , Fachriza Ihza , Suhartono Raden
Published: May 2024

An aortic aneurysm is a condition with focal dilation of 50% or more over the normal aortic diameter. The most frequent form of aortic aneurysms is infrarenal. Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair is a valid treatment for treating patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are electively repaired to prevent rupture. We present a case of an elderly man with an impending rupture of intraluminal infrarenal AAA with bilateral common iliac arteries aneurysms. Overall, the patient had completed the procedure and made a good postoperative recovery with fully coverage of Indonesian national health insurance.
Anatomical Step-by-Step Dissection of Complex Skull Base Approaches for Trainees: Surgical Anatomy of the Translabyrinthine and Transcochlear Approaches
Authors: Perry Avital , Carlstrom Lucas P. , Alexander Alex Yohan , Leonel Luciano C.P.C. , Nassiri Ashley M. , Nguyen Bachtri , Morris Jonathan M. , Driscoll Colin L.W. , Link Michael J. , Graffeo Christopher S. , Peris-Celda Maria
Published: May 2024

Introduction Skull base neuroanatomy is traditionally learned through two-dimensional anatomical atlases, which while are of unquestionable value, lack the nuanced association of three-dimensional relationships between fundamental anatomical structures relevant to surgical approaches. Surgically focused step-by-step anatomical dissections can augment trainee learning of complex skull base techniques, particularly multistep and nuanced techniques such as translabyrinthine and transcochlear approaches.

Methods Translabyrinthine and transcochlear approaches were performed on six sides of three formalin-fixed latex-injected specimens. The study objective was the completion and photo documentation of the steps involved in the approach in order to provide a comprehensive, intelligible, and anatomically oriented resource for multilevel trainees. Illustrative case examples were prepared to supplement approach dissections.

Results The translabyrinthine and transcochlear approaches offer unique lateral windows through the temporal bone into the posterior fossa, providing excellent access to pathology at the petrous apex, internal auditory canal, Meckel's cave, and anterolateral brainstem. The transcochlear approach, which is an anterior extension of the translabyrinthine, particularly provides excellent exposure of the prepontine region and clivus. Important surgical considerations include patient position, temporal bone drilling and identification of critical landmarks, dural opening and identification of neurovascular structures, and reconstruction/closure techniques.

Conclusion The translabyrinthine and transcochlear approaches are fundamental techniques for lateral skull base and posterior fossa pathologies. Both approaches are hearing-sacrificing but often require minimal to no cerebellar retraction and deliver unique visualization of prepontine neurovascular structures. This step-by-step approach guide provides a unique practical and high-yield surgically oriented learning resource for neurosurgery and otolaryngology trainees.
François Rabelais and his dystonic giants
Authors: Coutinho Léo , Camargo Carlos Henrique Ferreira , Teive Hélio Afonso Ghizoni
Published: May 2024

Spasmodic torticollis was an early designation used for cervical dystonia. The origin of this name is attributed to French physician and writer François Rabelais in the mid-sixteenth century. This early description of torticollis in the book Pantagruel was an inspiration for the understanding of cervical dystonia. The art expressed in Rabelais' literature ‒ which was immortalized by the drawings of Gustave Doré ‒ influenced poetry, art, and photography, and led to the adoption of the term torticollis in the neurological sciences.
Giuseppe Levi, Natalia Ginzburg, and Lessico Famigliare (Family Lexicon): a seminal figure in the history of neuron cell biology and histology seen through his daughter's literary eyes
Authors: Pedro Matheus Kahakura Franco
Published: May 2024

One of the most important figures in the history of neurohistology, Giuseppe Levi (1872–1965) contributed in numerous ways to neuroscience, particularly in the fields of neuronal plasticity and the understanding of sensory ganglia. His daughter Natalia Ginzburg, née Levi (1916–1991), on the other hand, achieved fame as one of the most celebrated Italian writers of the twentieth century. Lessico Famigliare (Family Lexicon), from 1963, is a semibiographical account of her life in which she describes the life and character of her father in detail, providing depth and complexity to a seminal figures in the development of neuroscience. A thorough reading of the book enables modern neurologists to fully appreciate Levi's life and contributions, by means of humanizing him and giving context to his life and works. The present article provides a summary of Levi's and Natalia's lives and times as well as an analysis of the book and of the intimate, vivid descriptions of the neurohistologist's life.
Cerebral Malformations Related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 during Pregnancy
Authors: Presti Santiago , Dierna Federica , Zanghì Antonio , Vecchio Michele , Lavalle Salvatore , Praticò Elena R. , Ruggieri Martino , Polizzi Agata
Published: May 2024

The pandemic of severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has shown a wide spectrum of possible consequences in children, ranging from asymptomatic patients to the development of severe conditions, such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and encephalopathies related to cytokine storm. Specifically, neurological and neuroimaging abnormalities, ranging from mild-to-the severe ones, have been documented in children as well, such as postinfectious immune-mediated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, myelitis, neural enhancement, cranial nerve enhancement, and cortical injury, also without neurological symptoms. Considering the neurotropism of coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2, which has been well described in the literature, we reviewed the literature reporting possible cerebral malformation in neonates due to the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy might develop cerebral disorders in several ways. Articles in English in the literature were screened using the following search terms: (1) “brain malformations” AND “COVID-19”; (2) “cerebral malformations” AND “COVID-19”; (3) brain malformations AND “Sars-Cov-2”; (4) “cerebral malformations “AND “Sars-Cov-2.” Considering the congenital brain malformation found in newborns exposed to infection of SARS-Cov-2 pre- or neonatally, we identified one paper which reported three neonates with cerebral malformation. Although sporadic, cerebral malformations like atypical signals in white matter with delayed myelination, brain dysplasia/hypoplasia with delayed myelination, and unusual signals in the periventricular regions have been documented.
Clinical Presentation and Risk Stratification of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Mohammed Abdul Qudoos Iqbal , Berman Lorin , Staroselsky Mark , Wenn Peter , Hai Ofek , Makaryus Amgad N. , Zeltser Roman
Published: May 2024

Pulmonary embolism (PE) presents with a spectrum of symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic cases to life-threatening events. Common symptoms include sudden dyspnea, chest pain, limb swelling, syncope, and hemoptysis. Clinical presentation varies based on thrombus burden, demographics, and time to presentation. Diagnostic evaluation involves assessing symptoms, physical examination findings, and utilizing laboratory tests, including D-dimer. Risk stratification using tools like Wells score, Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index, and Hestia criteria aids in determining the severity of PE. PE is categorized based on hemodynamic status, temporal patterns, and anatomic locations of emboli to guide in making treatment decisions. Risk stratification plays a crucial role in directing management strategies, with elderly and comorbid individuals at higher risk. Early identification and appropriate risk stratification are essential for effective management of PE. As we delve into this review article, we aim to enhance the knowledge base surrounding PE, contributing to improved patient outcomes through informed decision-making in clinical practice.
Combined Deficit of the Four Lower Cranial Nerves also Known as the Syndrome of Collet-Sicard: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Beucler Nathan
Published: May 2024

Combined deficit of the four lower cranial nerves (CN IX, X, XI, and XII) was originally described by French physicians Collet (1915) and Sicard (1917) during World War I. To date though, this rare neurological clinical picture lacks systematic evidence regarding its epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment strategies, and outcome. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis concerning Collet-Sicard syndrome (CSS) on Medline database in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The research yielded 84 articles among which 73 individual case reports were eventually retained. Mean age was 53.7 (± 16) years old and the male-to-female ratio was 1.8/1. CSS was firstly caused by tumors (38.4%), following by vascular etiologies (28.8%), trauma (16.4%), and infection (6.8%), among others. Temporary enteral nutrition was required for 17 patients (23.3%). The four CN presented significant chances of complete or partial recovery: 52.1% for CN IX (p < 0.001), 46.6% for CN X and CN XII (p < 0.001), and 39.7% for CN XI (p = 0.002). Tumoral causes presented significantly lower chances of favorable CN recovery (7.1%) compared to infection (60%), vascular (52.4%), and trauma (41.7%) (p < 0.001). Older age (> 53 years old) was not associated with a dismal CN prognostic (p = 0.763). Most patients (71.2%) presented a favorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score ≥ 4). All the patients who died (6.8%) suffered from skull base tumors. CSS is a rare condition requiring prompt clinical and radiologic diagnostic and multidisciplinary management. Vascular or infectious-related CSS seem to present a rather good prognostic, closely followed by trauma, whereas tumoral-related CSS seem to suffer from a more dismal prognostic.
Hepatotoxicity of Antibiotics and Antifungals and Their Safe Use in Hepatic Impairment
Authors: Ma J. , Björnsson E. S. , Chalasani N.
Published: May 2024

Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare and unpredictable form of hepatotoxicity. While its clinical course is usually benign, cases leading to liver transplantation or death can occur. Based on modern prospective registries, antimicrobials including antibiotics and antifungals are frequently implicated as common causes. Amoxicillin–clavulanate ranks as the most common cause for DILI in the Western World. Although the absolute risk of hepatotoxicity of these agents is low, as their usage is quite high, it is not uncommon for practitioners to encounter liver injury following the initiation of antibiotic or antifungal therapy. In this review article, mechanisms of hepatoxicity are presented. The adverse hepatic effects of well-established antibiotic and antifungal agents are described, including their frequency, severity, and pattern of injury and their HLA risks. We also review the drug labeling and prescription guidance from regulatory bodies, with a focus on individuals with hepatic impairment.
Exploring the value of holiday preferences and routine activities for understanding tourist victimisation while on holiday
Authors: Vakhitova Zarina I. , Mawby Rob I. , Helps Nicola
Published: May 2024

Crime risk can affect tourists’ choices of holiday destination, accommodation, and activities. However, victimisation of tourists has received limited attention in existing studies. This paper integrates tourists’ holiday preferences with lifestyles and routine activities explanations to examine the relationship between tourism and victimisation. Using a sample of Australian tourists who travelled to Bali or the British Isles (N = 1027), we demonstrate the usefulness of this integrated approach in understanding the risk of theft while on holiday. We found that tourists aspiring to be adventurous, but opting for pre-arranged package holidays and spending most of their time with other tourists, were most vulnerable to theft from their person. The findings can help ensure that security measures target those who will benefit it the most.
A home health management app designed in the post-epidemic era using empirical evidence based on the demand collection of elderly users
Authors: Zhou Chengmin , Guo Jingyi , Zhang Yurong , Huang Ting , Kaner Jake
Published: May 2024

In the context of the epidemic, the daily routines of China’s elderly populace underwent substantial transformations. The implementation of home-based pandemic containment strategies led to heightened levels of social isolation and loneliness, exerting a discernible influence on the subjective well-being of this demographic. Consequently, residing in retirement apartments has emerged as a more advantageous alternative for elderly individuals capable of self-care. To meet their life and emotional needs and improve their sense of well-being, we used the KANO model to design a health management app for the self-care of older persons. We summarised the functional requirements for the self-care of elderly people, distributed questionnaires to generate a list of requirements, and conducted data analysis. We optimised the low-fidelity prototype based on the usability test results combined with relevant interface design elements to implement emotional interaction design practices for older persons’ self-care. Furthermore, we completed a design evaluation and program optimisation of the design practice to guide the final visual design. The research findings identify the core principles of interactive design for elderly users to enable visual design specifications for improving the lives of the elderly population. This research highlights the need to design more appropriate products that meet demographic characteristics. This work contributes to strengthening the connection between elderly people and society while bridging the ‘digital divide’ based on this population’s cautious approach to technologies and declining abilities to learn.
An STS analysis of a digital humanities collaboration: trading zones, boundary objects, and interactional expertise in the DECRYPT project
Authors: Láng Benedek , Megyesi Beáta
Published: May 2024

A widely shared recognition over the past decade is that the methodology and the basic concepts of science and technology studies (STS) can be used to analyze collaborations in the cross-disciplinary field of digital humanities (DH). The concepts of trading zones (Galison, 2010), boundary objects (Star and Griesemer, 1989), and interactional expertise (Collins and Evans, 2007) are particularly fruitful for describing projects in which researchers from massively different epistemic cultures (Knorr Cetina, 1999) are trying to develop a common language. The literature, however, primarily concentrates on examples where only two parties, historians and IT experts, work together. More exciting perspectives open up for analysis when more than two, more nuanced and different epistemic cultures seek a common language and common research goals. In the DECRYPT project funded by the Swedish Research Council, computational linguists, historians, computer scientists and AI experts, cryptologists, computer vision specialists, historical linguists, archivists, and philologists collaborate with strikingly different methodologies, publication patterns, and approaches. They develop and use common resources (including a database and a large collection of European historical texts) and tools (among others a code-breaking software, a hand-written text recognition tool for transcription), researching partly overlapping topics (handwritten historical ciphers and keys) to reach common goals. In this article, we aim to show how the STS concepts are illuminating when describing the mechanisms of the DECRYPT collaboration and shed some light on the best practices and challenges of a truly cross-disciplinary DH project.