bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The morphology of the mandibular antegonial notches and facial symmetry
Authors: Al-Sehaibany Fares , Salem Omar , Preston Brian
Published: April 2015

Thirty randomly selected pre-treatment postero-anterior cranial radiographs of adolescent patients attending the orthodontic department, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo comprised the sample in this study. The aims of this study were (1) to compare the depths of the right, and the left, mandibular antegonial notches, and (2) to determine whether the morphology of the antegonial notches bears a statistical relationship to some other transverse metrical characters of the face. The frontal cranial radiographs of thirty patients were digitized to determine the linear, and surface area, measurements of the right, and the left, antegonial notches as well as some transverse dimensions of the faces. An analysis of variance showed that no statistically significant difference existed between the measurements made by the two examiners, who digitized the radiographs.The data were analyzed by means of the Student's t- test. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between the measurements of the right, and the left, mandibular antegonial notches. The data also showed that there were highly statistically significant differences between the corresponding bilateral facial dimensions (P<0.001). The results of this study suggest that facial symmetry, as measured on a frontal skull radiograph, is associated with the respective depths of the right, and the left, mandibular antegonial notches.
Early detection of dens evaginatus appearing on the premolars and clinical management: histological study
Authors: Kawata T. , Tanne K.
Published: April 2015

A review of the methods for the prevention of central cusp fracture is presented, with a case of central cusp protection of a premolar by self-curing acrylic resin by early detection. The anomalous tooth was extracted for histological observation. Closure of the pulpal horn, could be accomplished by early detection and adequate treatment for the central cusp fracture of premolars. In this case, if the gradual attrition of a central cusp were not possible, a protecting the cusp using a self-curing acrylic resin would be an effective form of treatment.
Rehabilitative treatment after unsuccessful teeth replantation: a case report
Authors: Kramer Paulo Floriani , Horst Sady , König Joice , Reston Eduardo Galia , Calvete Ernani
Published: April 2015

A nine-year-old boy suffered a severe facial trauma in a bicycle crash, which resulted in the avulsion and subluxation of upper central incisors.Teeth were repositioned and stabilized, attempting to achieve a successful replantation. Root resorption occurred, teeth were extracted, followed by orthodontic treatment, and esthetic procedures, modifying laterals and canines.

This article reports an attempt and failure of replantation, providing alternatives for achieving patient's satisfaction, applying a variety of techniques and areas of dental profession.
Clinical evaluation of a patient with single maxillary central incisor
Authors: Kamasaki Youko , Fukumoto Satoshi , Kubota Kazumi , Goto George
Published: April 2015

Hypodontia in permanent dentition is the most common developmental anomaly and frequently found in the second premolar and maxillary lateral incisor. In the primary dentition, however, hypodontia appears to be less frequent, with the exception of cases such as ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip and palate.We report a child with one primary maxillary central incisor at midline. The presence of a single permanent maxillary central incisor was also confirmed by radiological examination. Other intraoral abnormalities were detected including absence of upper labial frenulum and abnormal palatal structure, but no other facial or brain anomalies.

Although the condition is exceedingly rare, a thorough examination for more serious anomalies should be conducted since it is suggested to be the mildest feature of holoprosencephaly.
Dentigerous cyst associated with an upper permanent central incisor: case report and literature review
Authors: Naclério Homem Maria da Graça , Simões Wilma Alexandre , Zindel Deboni Maria Cristina , Chilvarquer Israel , Traina Andreia Aparecida
Published: April 2015

Traumas to deciduous teeth may have severe consequences. This article addresses a dentigerous cyst case report associated with an upper permanent incisor, unusual site of occurrence, which was impacted and dislodged from its natural site of eruption after trauma at the deciduous predecessor.

The main aspects of etiopathology and its clinical characteristics are also discussed, with especial focus on the radiographic features of the diagnosis in order to allow for an accurate surgical planning.
Seckel syndrome: report of a case
Authors: Seymen Figen , Tuna Bahar , Kayserili Hulya
Published: April 2015

An interesting case of a seven years old boy with a combination of clinical, genetic, radiological, pathologic and dental findings is presented in view of Seckel syndrome literature. General appearance of the patient was characterized by small forehead, posteriorly slanted ears, slightly beaked nose, midfacial hypoplasia very stunted stature with microcephaly. He had borderline mental retardation with normal motor development.

Class II dentoskeletal pattern with mild overjet and open bite, congenitally missing permanent teeth, microdontia, enamel hypoplasia, taurodontism and dentinal dysplasia was observed according to the clinical and radiographic examination. In conclusion, Seckel syndrome is not encountered routinely in dental clinics, this case illustrates the importance of dental care in such a rare condition.
Influence of socioeconomic level and dentifrice brand on the oral hygiene habits and the fluoride dentifrice ingestion
Authors: Puppin Rontani Regina , Correa Kassawara Ariana Belotto , Delgado Rodrigues Celia Regina
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic level and dentifrice brand on the brushing habits and the fluoride ingestion. The sample was composed of 124 Brazilian children aged 3-9 years, from different socioeconomic levels (SEL). It was used a crossover study with the children using two dentifrice brands:Tandy Uva/T (1,100 ppm NaF) and Super Branco/SB (1,500 ppm MFP). Each child brushed his/her teeth with both dentifrice brands with weekly intervals between the brushes. The oral hygiene habits considered in this study were the Dentifrice Amount Placed on toothbrush (ADP), Dentifrice Amount Ingested (ADI), Fluoride Amount Ingested (FAI) and Brushing Time (TB). The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA test. It was observed that there was influence of SEL on the ADP and TB. The high SEL children showed a higher ADP and TB. The dentifrice brand influenced significantly the ADP, ADI, AFI and TB; the dentifrice T showed a higher ADP, ADI, but a lower AFI and TB. The results showed a significant interaction between SEL and dentifrice brand as ADI, AFI and TB. Although the children ingested a higher amount of T dentifrice they ingested a higher amount of fluoride from the SB dentifrice.
The application of fiber core posts in restoring badly destroyed primary incisors
Authors: Sharaf Aly
Published: April 2015

Early childhood caries (ECC) represents a challenge to pediatric dentists especially, when teeth are badly destroyed. ECC involves the upper anterior teeth early in life and by the time the dentist sees the child, most of the coronal structure is lost. Dentally, this is a very devastating situation for both the dentist and parents, as in many cases, extraction of these teeth is the only option.

With the introduction of new adhesive systems and restorative materials, a new approach for treating these teeth is explained and documented by clinical cases, where fiber core posts are introduced into the root canals of primary incisors for a distance of 2 to 3 mm. It is retained in place by flowable composite, then the coronal part is reconstructed by a strip crown to restore the crown form. After a follow up period of one year, only 2 teeth out of 30 had to be extracted. The failure was attributed to failure in pulpal therapy rather than failure in the restorations, which were totally intact. A laboratory testing of the fracture load resistance of the restored teeth proved that this technique significantly improved the fracture load resistance of composite celluloid crowns, making it a valuable procedure to consider when the coronal tooth structure is not enough to support and retain a composite celluloid strip crown.
Cephalometric characteristics of bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion in early mixed dentition
Authors: Tsai Hung-Huey
Published: April 2015

The children with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion in early mixed dentition were compared with the normal occlusion children. The bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion children had significant smaller inter-incisal angle and greater convexity,A-B plane, and ANB angles than the normal children. Maxillary and mandibular growths of the bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion girls were greater than those of normal girls. The direction of the mandibular growth of the bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion boys showed a tendency of downward and backward.
Tensile bond strength of intracanal posts in primary anterior teeth: an in vitro study
Authors: Pithan Silvia , de Sousa Vieira Ricardo , Chain Marcelo Carvalho
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to measure in vitro; the tensile bond strength of three intracanal posts used in anterior primary teeth. A total of 45 single rooted primary anterior teeth were selected for the study and the crowns sectioned leaving 1mm above the cement-enamel junction. The roots were then assigned to three groups according the type of retention used. All roots were endodonticaly treated, a 4-mm of the canal was cleansed and a base of glass ionomer cement was put at the bottom of the prepared canal. The roots were then prepared to receive intracanal posts using a # 4137 diamond bur (KG Sorensen) used in a depth of 3-mm of the length of the canal. All the prepared roots were acid etched with a 37% phosphoric acid gel for 15 seconds, rinsed, dried and the dentin adhesive Single Bond (3M) was applied. Group I received intracanal posts and cores made of composite resin (Filtek Z 250, 3M). Group II intracanal posts were made from a 0.6mm orthodontic wire bent as a Greek letter type (gamma), fixed with the Z 250 composite resin and cores were built with the same composite. Finally Group III received intracanal retention made of a fiber glass post (Fibrekor Post, Generic/Pentron) with 1.25mm diameter, fixed with Z 250 and cores were made like the other groups. The samples were submitted to tension in a universal- testing machine (Instron, model 4444). Statistical analysis (ANOVA) reveled that there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. On the basis of the results of this in vitro study it was concluded that the type of intracanal post did not interfere with the tensile strength and the most frequent type of failure was of adhesive type, corresponding to 74% of the sample.
Orthodontically guided eruption of mandibular second premolar following enucleation of an inflammatory cyst: case report
Authors: Rubin David , Vedrenne Denise , Portnof Jason
Published: April 2015

This case study describes the surgical management of an inflammatory cyst combined with the orthodontically assisted eruption of an impacted mandibular second premolar.
A study of manual toothbrushing skills in children aged 3 to 11 years
Authors: Mentes Ali , Atukeren Julide
Published: April 2015

The aim of the study was to evaluate toothbrushing management and ability of children in relation to age and gender. The study population consisted of 75 children and were divided into three equal groups as 3-5, 6-8 and 9-11 years of age.The grip type during toothbrushing was recorded on videotape.The most preferred grip types were distal (73%) followed by power (43%) and oblique grips (29%). There were a statistically significant differences between age groups and the grip types (p<0.001) but no significant difference was seen between boys and girls in grip preferences (p>0.05).The mean duration of toothbrushing was shorter in 3-5 years of age group (28 seconds) than the 6-8 and 9-11 age groups (35 and 47 seconds respectively).
Impact of nasal airway obstruction on dentofacial development and sleep disturbances in children: preliminary notes
Authors: Defabjanis Patrizia
Published: April 2015

Respiratory disorders in the upper respiratory tract during sleep are most often part of a continuous pathological process of long standing. Schematically, three clinical syndromes with increasing severity are described: breathing with the mouth open, snoring and sleep apneal hypopnea syndrome. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a subtle, but severe sleep disorder of early childhood. It is often difficult to detect and may have long-term consequences, including failure to thrive, behavioral disturbances, developmental delay, and cor pulmonale.1 These conditions always include a functional maxillofacial perturbation, which may be associated with a constitutional or acquired morphological disorder.

Pediatric dentists must be aware of the problems connected with mouth breathing and OSAS (obstructive sleep apnea syndrome) in children as any delay in diagnosis and treatment may cause prolonged morbidity. They also have a role in the diagnosis and co-management of these patients because the signs and symptoms may be recognizable in the dental practice.

Besides the medical approach itself, the treatment sometimes is surgical, always orthopedic: the earlier it is initiated, the more effective, simple and unrestraining it is. The aim of this work is to focus attention on the early diagnosis and prevention of these pathologies. Diagnostic guidelines will be illustrated.
A SEM investigation of accessory foramina in the furcation areas of primary molars
Authors: Kramer Paulo Floriani , Faraco Júnior Ítalo Medeiros , Meira Raquel
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and anatomic characteristics of accessory foramina in the external and internal furcation areas of primary molars. Sixty human primary molars were divided into two equal groups. The teeth of the experimental group showed in previous radiographic examination the presence of a radiolucency area confined to the inter-radicular region, while the teeth of the control group had no sign of pulpal inflammation in the clinical and/or radiographic examination. The specimens were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The external furcation area (EFA) showed a higher prevalence of accessory foramina than the internal furcation area (IFA) (P<0.05). However, the comparison between the two groups did not show statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The presence of accessory canals should not be considered the only reason for inter-radicular pathological bone resorption following pulpal necrosis in deciduous molars.
Macroglossia combined with lymphangioma: a case report
Authors: Guelmann Marcio , Katz Joseph
Published: April 2015

A four year old white female with a clinical presentation of macroglossia is described. Speech disturbances and occasional episodes of traumatic injury to the tongue with severe bleeding brought the patient to seek dental care. Lymphangioma was diagnosed after incisional biopsy. The differential diagnosis of tongue enlargement in children is discussed including review of the literature relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of lymphangioma.
Outcomes of dental procedures performed on children under general anesthesia
Authors: Al-Eheideb Ali , Herman Neal
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the integrity and longevity of restorative and pulpal procedures performed on primary teeth under general anesthesia (GA). Fifty-four children, who received comprehensive dental treatment under general anesthesia between 1993 and 1995, were included. The postoperative examination period ranged from 6 to 27 months. Children were examined and the quality of the restorations were recorded and evaluated. Behavior problems and inability to cooperate were the main reasons for treatment under GA. Results showed that restoration of posterior teeth with stainless steel crowns (SSC) were more successful (95.5%) when compared to amalgam or composite restorations (50%). In the anterior teeth, strip crowns had a success rate similar to that of Class III, IV and V composite resin materials. Pulpotomies showed an extremely high rate of success (97.1%), while sealants were retained 68.3% of the time. In conclusion, SSC are more likely to be successful and last longer than multisurface amalgam or composite restorations in children treated under general anesthesia. Definitive treatment is more likely to ensure a more positive outcome for children treated under general anesthesia due to less frequent complications from failed restorations or pulpal procedures.
The developmental stages of the middle phalanx of the third finger (MP3): a sole indicator in assessing the skeletal maturity?
Authors: Madhu S. , Hegde Amitha , Munshi A.
Published: April 2015

Assessment of skeletal maturity is an integral part of interceptive diagnosis and treatment planning. The present day methods of skeletal maturity assessment like the hand-wrist radiographs or cervical vertebrae radiographs are expensive, require elaborate equipment and accounts for high radiation exposure, especially for growing children. The present study was thus undertaken to provide a simple and practical method of skeletal maturity assessment using the developmental stages of the middle phalanx of the third finger (MP3) as seen on an IOPA film taken using a standard dental x-ray machine. The results of the study showed that this simple method was highly reliable and could be used as an alternative method to assess the skeletal maturity of growing children.
Tourette's syndrome with rapid deterioration by self-mutilation of the upper lip
Authors: Shimoyama T. , Horie N. , Kato T. , Nasu D. , Kaneko T.
Published: April 2015

A case of Tourette's syndrome is presented in a thirteen-year-old boy with obsessive-compulsive symptoms including self-mutilation of the upper lip. His upper lip injury was caused by complication of picking with fingernail, and self-biting with the lower anterior teeth. It became rapidly worse and the median part of the upper lip collapsed. But the placement of an acrylic splint was able to prevent further damage of the upper lip.
Failure of eruption of first and second permanent molars
Authors: Palma Camila , Coelho Ana , González Yndira , Cahuana Abel
Published: April 2015

Failure of eruption of permanent molars is an uncommon condition with a range of possible causative factors. This retrospective study of 35 pediatric subjects assesses the influence of these factors in the prognosis. The study aims to broaden our understanding of an abnormality, which has a considerable clinical impact, and proposes a treatment protocol for the management of these patients.
History of water fluoridation
Authors: Kargul Betul , Caglar Esber , Tanboga Ilknur
Published: April 2015

Fluoride, the milestone element of pediatric dentistry, as well as modern dentistry, has been utilized for the last six decades in practice. Researchers all over the world have used fluoride in several forms in the prevention of tooth decay.Today, we are aware that most of this work has involved clinical research with children. It is particularly pertinent that the subject be adequately presented in the field of pediatric dentistry. In 1940's and 1950's were the years of ten-year studies, where caries reductions were first described. The industry of systemic fluoridation, public campaigns and advertisements became popular mostly in western world in 1960's and 1970's. The fluoridated dentifrices and changes of dentrifice formulations were established in 1980's. Many stated that children should receive one form of systemic fluoride and appropriate forms of topical fluoride in 1990's. Analyses showed that maximum protection against caries is obtained when teeth erupt into an environment with low concentrations of ionic fluoride. The similarity in caries reductions obtained in water fluoridation studies and long-term studies with topically administered fluoride regimens, including fluoride-containing dentifrices, indicates that the pre-eruptive effect of fluoride is of borderline significance relative to the more significant post-eruptive effect. It has taken a long time to show that water fluoridation and topical fluoride programs were thus important measures for the control of caries at the community level. Today, we are aware of the fact that the trio of diet, dentifrice and supplementation should exceed the optimal levels.
The use of overdentures in the management of severe hypodontia associated with microdontia: a case report
Authors: Stephen Atilla , Cengiz S. Burcak
Published: April 2015

Dental anomalies may compromise both esthetics and function in the pediatric patient. The present paper reports a rare case associated with both microdontia and severe hypodontia in a 13 year-old girl. The treatment was accomplished through the use of overdentures, which also served as a bite plane to increase vertical dimension of occlusion and as a potential space maintainer.
Post-traumatic TMJ internal derangement: impact on facial growth (findings in a pediatric age group)
Authors: Defabianis Patrizia
Published: April 2015

Many clinical studies have shown how jaw injuries sustained during impact trauma to the face or mandible are the single most important cause of TMJ subsequent internal derangement. Proper function of the masticatory system is certainly the most influential variable in the TMJ remodelling; once a TMJ is internally deranged, adaptative or degenerative osteocartilagineous processes take place in the mandible, temporal bones and muscles.To evaluate relationships between consequences of posttraumatic TMJ internal derangement and disturbed facial skeleton growth in children, 25 patients (16 boys, 9 girls), 14 year of age or younger, were selected out of a group of 74 and analysed. They all had been treated by physiotherapy and had undergone combined clinical and radiographic examination for five years. Symptoms included, either individually or in various combination, pain, mechanical TMJ dysfunction and facial skeletal abnormalities, such as mandibular retrognathia and lower facial asymmetry manifested by chin deviation from the midline. Seventeen patients were found to have at least one abnormal and internally deranged TMJ on imaging studies; in twelve of them a mandibular asymmetry with chin deviation from the midline to the smaller or more degenerated TMJ was evident. Of the eight retrognathic patients, five were found to have bilateral TMJ derangement. In three patients both TMJ(s) were normal with normal facial structure.

These data suggest that TMJ derangement in children may potentially have an impact on facial growth and lead to the development of retrognathia, with or without asymmetry, in many cases.
Biological restorations as an alternative treatment for primary posterior teeth
Authors: Barcelos Roberta , Neves Aline , Primo Laura , Ribeiro de Souza Ivete Pomarico
Published: April 2015

A case of oral rehabilitation in a 4-year-old girl, in which the posterior teeth were restored using biological restorations, is described.The tooth fragments were selected from a bank of tooth tissues and bonded with dual-cure composite cement to prepared teeth. The results were satisfactory regarding retention, aesthetic and mastication, but disadvantages included long clinical appointments, laborious technique and possible fracture or degradation between the margins of the fragment and the tooth surface.
Longitudinal observation of basic mandibular movements: report of a case
Authors: Hayasaki H. , Okamoto A. , Nakata S. , Yamasaki Y. , Nakata M.
Published: April 2015

Sound development of mandibular function during childhood is indispensable to establishing healthy function in adults.To examine this developmental process, longitudinal recordings of basic mandibular movements were done using an optoelectronic analysis. Mandibular movements were recorded on five separate occasions in one boy, from an age of six years and five months to 14 years and five months. The incisor pathways during protrusion and lateral excursion were initially shallow, with more anterior than inferior movement, but as he grew the amount of inferior movement and the amount of rotation both increased. Similarly, at his first recording there was very little hinge-like rotation during mouth closing, but rotation increased markedly after eruption of his permanent second molars. These findings suggest that mandibular movements change from being relatively simple with more translation in younger children to more complex movements with more rotation once the permanent dentition is established.
Genetics of cleft lip and palate revisited
Authors: Batra Puneet , Duggal Ritu , Parkash Hari
Published: April 2015

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/CP) is one of the most common structural birth defects, with treatment including multiple surgeries, speech therapy, and dental and orthodontic treatments over the first 18 years of life. Providing care for these patients and families includes educating patients and parents about the genetics of CL/CP, as well as meeting the immediate medical needs.Attempts at identifying susceptibility loci via family and case-control studies have proved inconsistent. It is likely that initial predictions of the complex interactions involved in facial development were underestimated. The candidate gene list for CL/P is getting longer and the need for an impartial, systematic screening technique, to implicate or refute the inclusion of particular loci, is apparent. So we are faced with the question "Can this complex trait be too complex?"The aim of this review is to make the dentist aware of the differences between syndromic and non-syndromic cleft as well as understanding the etiological variation in cleft lip with and without cleft palate. This will aid the dentist in diagnosis and give proper genetic counseling to parents and patients of cleft lip and palate.
The effect of psychological management on dental anxiety in children
Authors: Folayan M , Ufomata D. , Adekoya-Sofowora C , Otuyemi O , Idehen E.
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using of psychological management techniques on the level of anxiety in Nigerian children during dental management. The Short Form of the Dental Anxiety Survey Schedule was administered to 81 children who were attending a suburban dental clinic for the first time. This schedule was re-administered again two weeks later when they came for a follow up visit. The age of the patients was recorded. The types as well as number of psychological techniques employed during treatment were also noted. The overall mean dental anxiety level of the children decrease from an average of 15.23±5.03 before treatment to 13.40+4.13 after treatment (p < 0.001). However, the mean dental anxiety score in children in whom no psychological technique was employed during treatment increased after treatment. On the other hand, there was also a statistically significant decrease in the mean dental anxiety level of children treated using either a single psychological technique or combined psychological techniques after treatment. Better results were obtained when combined psychological techniques where used than when only a single technique was used. It was concluded that psychological techniques used in the management of dental anxiety in children are highly effective in decreasing dental anxiety levels. Better results are obtained when a number of techniques are combined effectively.
Long term effects of the palatal plate therapy for the orofacial regulation in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Zavaglia V. , Nori A. , Mansour N.
Published: April 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate long term effects of orofacial regulation therapy with modified Castillo-Morales palatal plate on 68 Down children that attended our Unit from 1992 to 2001. Corrections obtained with palatal plate therapy were evaluated according to the following parameters: spontaneous lingual protrusion based on three level scale, position "open mouth", labial hypotonia and sialorrhea. The results showed distinct improvement in nearly all of the parameters compared to initial conditions.
The removal of the smear layer using EGTA: a scanning electron microscopic study
Authors: Viswanath Deepak , Hegde Amitha , Munshi A.
Published: April 2015

The smear layer associated with endodontic instrumentation is currently thought to be a thin layer that occludes the orifices of the dentinal tubules and covers the intertubular dentin of the prepared canal wall. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of ethylene glycol bis (β – amino ethyl ether) – N, N, N', N' – tetra acetic acid (EGTA) and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) on removal of the smear layer through the scanning electron microscopy. Twenty four single rooted teeth were selected, instrumented and irrigated with various solutions and the specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopy. It was found that though both EGTA and EDTA completely removed the smear layer, EDTA caused erosion and conjugation of the tubules, whereas, EGTA effectively removed the smear layer without inducing any erosion. It was thus concluded that EGTA can be effectively used as an alternative chelator for the removal of the smear layer.
Behavior of partially formed roots of teeth submitted to orthodontic movement
Authors: da Silva Filho Omar Gabriel , Mendes Olívia de Freitas , Ozawa Terumi Okada , Ferrari Junior Flávio Mauro , Correa Tatiana Mattosinho
Published: April 2015

The occurrence of root resorption in orthodontically treated permanent incisors with partially formed roots was investigated using periapical radiographs taken before and after the orthodontic leveling in the mixed dentition. The mean age at the beginning of treatment was 9 years and the mean treatment time was 7.1 months. The findings showed that the orthodontic movement during root formation causes no root resorption. The longitudinal follow-up showed that incompletely formed roots developed normally.
The relationship between tongue-base position and craniofacial morphology in preschool children
Authors: Niikuni Naoko , Nakajima Ichiro , Akasaka Morito
Published: April 2015

The association between tongue-base position and craniofacial morphology was investigated in 35 preschool children (17 girls and 18 boys), 3 to 6 years of age, by the lateral cephalometric radiographs. There was no statistical difference in the measurements of those between girls and boys. Posterior facial height, nasal floor length, mandibular corpus length and tongue-base position were positively correlated with age, and tongue-base position was correlated with maxillary position, vertical mandibular rotation and the nasopharyngeal airway space. The results of this study showed that tongue-base position influenced maxillo-mandibular growth even in young preschool children.
Bilateral dentigerous cyst associated with polymorphism in chromosome 1qh+
Authors: Batra Puneet , Roychoudhury Ajoy , Balakrishan Prahlad , Parkash Hari
Published: April 2015

Non-syndromal bilateral dentigerous cysts are rare. It is conceivable that they are either under-recognized or under-reported. In this article we report the unusual occurrence of non-syndromic bilateral dentigerous cysts associated with mandibular third molars with polymorphism in chromosome 1qh+. It is suggested that in non syndromal cases of bilateral dentigerous cysts karyotyping should be done to confirm the association with chromosomal 1 anomaly.
Relationship between mandibular deviation and ocular convergence
Authors: Monaco A. , Streni O. , Marci M. , Sabetti L. , Marzo G. , Giannoni M.
Published: April 2015

Recent studies have confirmed the relationship between head posture, mandibular position and visual focusing. A case-controlled study was conducted to assess the occurrence of ocular convergence defects between subjects with functional mandibular latero-deviation and healthy subjects in pediatric age. Sixty subjects (the study group) presented mandibular latero-deviation classified as functional according to the use of a clinical examination and frontal and basal tele-radiography. Sixty subjects without functional mandibular laterodeviation (control group) were selected randomly from all subjects seeking pediatric dental care and matched by gender and age to study group. All one hundred and twenty subjects were submitted to orthoptic tests performed by the same operator. These results seemed to confirm that in mandibular latero-deviation subjects ocular convergence defects occurred in greater frequency than in controls underlining the importance of role of pediatric dentistry among interdisciplinary cooperation.
Tongue scrapping as a means of reducing oral mutans streptococci
Authors: White George , Armaleh Mirna
Published: April 2015

Mutans streptococci (MS) are one of the most virulent cariogenic pathogens in the oral cavity. The effects of three oral hygiene techniques on salivary mutans streptococci levels were evaluated to see which mechanism would be most efficient in reducing salivary MS levels. Sixty patients, all in the permanent dentition, were selected and randomly distributed into three groups. Group I was asked to use a tongue scraper to brush the tongue once daily in the morning after normal tooth brushing routine. Group II was asked to place and let dissolve a Listerine Oral Care StripTM on the tongue once daily after normal oral hygiene routine. Group III was asked to rinse once every morning, for thirty seconds, with a saturated saline solution after routine tooth brushing. The instructions were done for a period of seven days. Baseline, one hour, three day, and seven day saliva samples were obtained and plated on CRT" by Vivadent MS-sensitive agar. All treatments groups show a significant reduction in colony counts from baseline and one or more post treatment periods and at one or more time periods between treatment groups. The most effective treatment in reducing colony counts was seen within Group I "Tongue Scraping" which demonstrated the greatest change from baseline to each of the post treatment periods. The least effective was Group II "Listerine Strip" which showed a statistically insignificant increase in colony count from baseline to 1-Hour and a significant decrease from baseline at the 7-day period only.
A simplified technique for the restoration of severely mutilated primary anterior teeth
Authors: Mortada A. , King N.
Published: April 2015

The restoration of severely carious primary anterior teeth is a challenge to the pediatric dentist. The introduction of new materials and technologies makes re-evaluation of existing treatment philosophies necessary.A technique involving the placement of an omega shaped stainless steel wire extension into the entrance of the root canal prior to restoring the crown with a compomer material is described. 96 restorations were placed in 25 children. After 18 months 81.2% of the 96 restorations, which were available for evaluation, 60 (79.9%) were intact.The technique for restoring primary anterior teeth was simple, quick and effective.
Salivary characteristics of children and its relation to oral microorganism and lip mucosa dryness
Authors: Alamoudi Najlaa , Farsi Najat , Faris Jamila , Masoud Ibrahim , Merdad Khaled , Meisha Dalia
Published: April 2015

The aim of this paper was to present baseline data on various saliva properties among a group of Saudi children aged 5 to 11 years and to study the relationship of these properties to some oral micro-organisms as well as to lip and oral mucosa dryness. The results showed a mean of resting and stimulated flow rate of 0.54+ 0.40 and 1.23±0.59 respectively and mean pH value of 7.27±0.38 and 7.5±.035 respectively. Fluoride concentration was estimated to be 0.151±0.07 and 0.145±0.06 in resting and stimulated saliva respectively. Children with dry lip represented 33.9% of the sample population, whereas, those with dry mucosa represented only 0.8%. No significant sex difference was evident in all parameters. 59.1% of children showed medium buffering capacity in the resting saliva, whereas, the majority of children (73.7%) showed high stimulated buffering capacity. Children showed generally high Lactobacillus counts (Lb) in the resting and stimulated saliva (57.9% and 60.5% of children).The presence of yeast also in resting and stimulated saliva seemed high in general (40% and 53% of children had high count). However, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) counts showed no discriminating trend in both types of saliva. The data showed no significant association between flow rate and Lb counts in both resting and stimulated saliva although there was a trend toward higher counts associated with low flow rate. The same trend was observed in resting saliva although not significant. Similarly, low resting buffering capacity was associated with high counts of Lb among a high proportion of children (68.6% of children) although not significant. A significant reverse relation was evident between S. mutans counts and stimulated flow rate (p=0.049).The majority of children with normal level of saliva pH showed no yeast colonization (62.1%). The association was significant (p=.024). Similarly, the same association was observed in the medium and high buffering group (66.2%) (p=.040). It was concluded that salivary Lb count seems to be primarily affected by some local factors other than salivary properties, such as diet. Significant inverse relationship was found between S. mutans and stimulated salivary flow. Children in general showed high percentage of yeast reflecting the affect of poor diet among the studied population group. Buffering capacity and pH had an important role in yeast colonization.
Dentistry for babies: why do parents seek dental care?
Authors: Frederico Cunha Robinson , Xavier Matos Jaqueline , Marfinati Suzimary Moya
Published: April 2015

This study investigated what are the main reasons that led parents to enroll children in a clinic for infants. This was studied by consulting 1368 records during the period from July 1996 to August 2001. The predominant reason for enrolling was orientation/prevention followed by "other" and treatment. This study demonstrated that a program for children from the first year of life encourages parents to have a new vision of dentistry.
Mutans streptococci, lactobacilli in saliva and acidity from organismsin dental plaque: changes after restorative treatment
Authors: Morinushi Takanobu , Murayama Michiko , Kinjyo Sachiko
Published: April 2015

The effect of restorative dental treatment was evaluated on mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in saliva, as well as acid production by plaque bacteria. We used semiquantitative culture kits at time points up to 6 months following treatment. Changes in eating habits and oral hygiene during the study period were ruled out using a questionnaire. Mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, and acidity all had decreased significantly at 1 week after treatment. Acidity often was the first variable to return to pretreatment levels, while abundant at 6 than 3 months. Lactobacilli showed the most durable response to treatment. Restorative treatment achieves import temporary decreases in caries-associated bacteria, especially lactobacilli, without influence from potentially relevant behavioral changes. In addition, follow up examinations at relatively long intervals at least 3 month would appear most effective for dental health management.
Management of a large dentigerous cyst occurring in a six-year old boy
Authors: Yuri Kawamura Juliana , Pereira de Magalhães Roberto , Sousa Suzana , Magalhaes Marina
Published: April 2015

A case of dentigerous cyst in a six-year-old healthy Brazilian boy, who had a diagnostic hypothesis of ameloblastoma and keratocyst because of the extension and radiographic appearance is presented. The importance of a previous incisional biopsy and consequent conservative treatment is discussed.
Prevalence of oral malodor and the relationship with habitual mouth breathing in children
Authors: Kanehira Takashi , Takehara Junji , Takahashi Dairo , Honda Okahito , Morita Manabu
Published: April 2015

The prevalence of oral malodor and association of habitual mouth breathing with oral malodor were investigated in children residing in rural areas. One hundred and nineteen children participated in this study. A sulfide monitor and organoleptic method were used to evaluate oral malodor. About 8% of children had a sulfide level in mouth air above the socially acceptable limit (75 ppb). Habitual mouth breathing was a factor contributing to oral malodor. Oral malodor was not significantly correlated with plaque index, history of caries or frequency of toothbrushing.
Interceptive management of eruption disturbances: case report
Authors: Cozza Paola , Marino Alessandra , Lagana Giuseppina
Published: April 2015

The aim of the present report is to describe a case of a patient with eruption disturbances of an ankylosed lower primary second molar, delayed development of a maxillary permanent canine associated with an odontoma and a class III dental malocclusion. In such a case the objectives of treatment are: to prevent impaction of the lower second premolar and tipping of the lower first molar; to establish correct anterior overbite and overjet and to control the development of the permanent upper canine.
Unusual case of multiple natal teeth
Authors: Portela Maristela Barbosa , Damasceno Licínia , Primo Laura Guimarães
Published: April 2015

Natal teeth are defined as teeth that are present in the mouth at the birth, and the occurrence is rare. In the literature, few reports have described cases with involved multiple elements. This article describes an unusual case of a newborn with eleven natal teeth that belong to the primary dentition and the therapy utilized.
Polyethylene ribbon fibers
Authors: Island Gema , White G.E.
Published: April 2015

Dentistry has advanced to the point where it is undesirable for children to be partially edentulous or to have unattractive anterior teeth. With the introduction of new materials and adhesive systems the use of polyethylene fibers as post and core offer a new reconstructive alternative for severely destroyed primary anterior teeth. These fibers offer root and coronal retention, stability and esthetics, and it is done chair side. The present study compared two different types of fibers and analyzed the fracture resistance between the two of them. Two groups were formed. Group I used non pre-impregnated resin fibers (glasSpan) and group II used pre-impregnated resin fibers (Splint-it). Both types of fibers have been used as post and core in the restoration of primary teeth and clinical studies have been published. Our results indicated that the mean fracture resistance for group I was 71.346 and for group II 97.952 (p=0.004). During the observation of the fractured samples, adhesive failures were noted for group I at the junction between the fiber and its core to the interior wall of the root canal. In group II, the fibers were dislodged out of the canal and the core part of the canal remained intact. It can be concluded that pre-impregnated fibers offer a better fracture resistance when used as post in endodontically treated primary anterior teeth.

J Clin Pediatr Dent 29(2): 151-156, 2005
Maxillary incisor palatal erosion
Authors: Chadwick R.G. , Mitchell H.L. , Manton S.L. , Ward S. , Ogston S. , Brown R.
Published: April 2015

The objectives of the study were to examine a relationship between tooth erosion affecting the palatal aspects of permanent maxillary central incisors with dietary, behavioral and medical variables. The methods included, 251 schoolchildren aged 11 to 13 years were recruited to participate. Each subject had dental impressions of the palatal aspects of both upper central incisors recorded at baseline, 9 and 18 months intervals. From these, electroconductive replicas were fabricated, mapped and compared using a surface matching technique. At the end of the study all participants underwent a structured interview that sought to assay the level of potential erosive dietary, behavioral and medical risk factors. Correlation analyses of the responses given in the final structured interview with the degrees of palatal tooth substance loss (both previous and measured) were under taken. The results showed: 1. The degree of previous erosion did not predict the level of measured ongoing erosion. 2. Brushing the teeth more frequently with fluoridated toothpaste correlated significantly with lower levels of ongoing erosion (P = 0.011). It was concluded that: 1. Evidence of previous palatal erosion did not predict future erosion. 2. The application of topical fluoride as a by-product of tooth brushing may provide an element of protection against palatal erosion. 3. In view of the lack of correlation between exposure to potential risk factors and the level of ongoing palatal tooth surface loss in this study, other factors (such as an individual’s susceptibility and salivary buffering power) may well be more important predictors. The clinical relevance included: Preventive advice to patients with dental erosion should not only include the use of topical fluoride, in the form of toothpaste, but recognize individual susceptibility to this condition.

J Clin Pediatr Dent 29(2): 157-164, 2004
Refining occlusion with muscle balance to enhance long-term orthodontic stability
Authors: Mahony Derek
Published: April 2015

The primary objective of orthodontic treatment is the movement of teeth into a more ideal relationship, not only for aesthetic, but also for functional considerations. Another very important objective, often not given enough consideration, is the need to finish the case with the muscles of mastication in equilibrium. If muscle balance is not achieved, an endless procession of retainers is required for retention. In simple terms, if the occlusal forces in maximum intercuspation are unevenly distributed around the arch, tooth movement will most likely occur. Today, however, it is possible to simultaneously and precisely measure the relative force of each occlusal contact, the timing of the occlusal contacts and the specific muscle contraction levels. This technological breakthrough represents a paradigm shift in thinking and may improve orthodontic stability.

J Clin Pediatr Dent 29(2): 93-98, 2004
Abnormal oral habits in the children of war veterans
Authors: Yassaei S. , Rafieian M. , Ghafari R.
Published: April 2015

Any kind of stress has a negative effect on the mood of people and stress resulting from war is no exception. Stress from war has not only has effects on war veterans but also on the families. Children of these families have been more susceptible to abnormal oral habits. In this observational, analytical and historical research, attempts have been made to determine the prevalence of abnormal oral habits in the children of war veterans (martyrs, freed prisoners of war and war cripples) and compare them with a control group. In this study of 520 children aged between 7 and 11 years were (238 in the study group and 282 in the control group), information was gathered via a questionnaire completed by the mothers of the students. Analysis of the received information showed that the prevalence of para functional and abnormal oral habits was more in the study group (P=0.005). The prevalence rate was highest in children, whose family members had been both crippled and freed prisoners of war, while the rate was lowest in children whose parents had been only prisoners of war without any lasting physical injury. Most of these children had acquired these habits at the age of seven and these abnormal habits were most prevalent in children aged eight and nine.