bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New record and distribution extension of Hypsiboas crepitans (Wied-Neuwied, 1824) (Anura, Hylidae) to the northern part of the state of Piauí, Brazil
Authors: Macedo Rafael Guimarães , De Andrade Etielle Barroso , De Almeida Leite José Roberto de Souza
Published: June 2021

Relatamos o aumento da extensão da distribuição geográfica de Hypsiboas crepitans (Amphibia, Anura) na região do Delta do Rio Parnaíba, no município de Parnaíba, Estado do Piauí, nordestedo Brasil. Dois indivíduos adultos, apresentando comprimento rostro-cloacal (CRC) de 51,2mm e 47,6mm, foram coletados em uma área úmida nas proximidades do Rio Igaraçu (2°53'54 .80 "S e 41°45'30 0,97" W), ampliando a distribuição conhecida de H. crepitans 450 km a norte.
Remaking Inner Cities: A Case for New Spatial and Financial Functioning in Finnish City Centers
Authors: Andersson Harri
Published: June 2021

The post-industrial renewal of urban structure is creating a new city center culture in which social, political and economic interests are intermingled. The current practice of city center renewal based on internal growth and partnership policy also causes undesirable consequences arising from the new form of service-based economy and the changes in space utilization and mobility associated with the future development of cities.
The Review of the Geomorphological Research in the Central Part of the Krušné hory (Ore Mountains)
Authors: Vilímek Vít
Published: June 2021

The Ore Mountains belong among thoroughly investigated parts of the Bohemian massif. The survey of geomorphological research is related to the Kateřinohorská k1enba Dome. Some geomorphologically relevant information are to be found in geological literature, too.
Hubungan Antara Tingkat Pengetahuan Perokok Aktif Tentang Bahaya Rokok Dengan Motivasi Berhenti Merokok Pada Siswa SMA Muhammadiyah Cipondoh
Authors: Sari Rina puspita , M.Pd Sulaeman , Angraini Fitri
Published: June 2021

Merokok merupakan salah satu kebiasaan yang sangat lazim ditemui dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Berdasarkan Kementerian Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2017, kebiasaan merokok meningkat pada generasi muda bahwa prevalensi remaja usia 15 – 19 tahun yang merokok meningkat 2 kali lipat dari tahun sebelumnya. Salah satu penyebabnya ialah kurangnya pengetahuan para remaja tersebut tentang bahaya merokok.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan perokok aktif tentang bahaya rokok dengan motivasi untuk berhenti merokok pada siswa SMA Muhammadiyah.

Metode pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 76 orang, dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2018. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner.

Hasil dari penelitian ini tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan perokok aktif tentang bahaya merokok dengan motivasi berhenti merokok pada siswa SMA Muhammadiyah Cipondoh dengan nilai P value 0,283 > α (0,05).

Kesimpulan dan saran dari penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan perokok aktif tentang bahaya merokok dengan motivasi berhenti merokok. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi motivasi perokok aktif untuk berhenti merokok.
Hubungan Perilaku Gaya Hidup Dengan Hipertensi Ibu Hamil Di Rsu Kota Tangerang Selatan Tahun 2019
Authors: Eneng Emi Saputri  , H.A.Y.G Wibisono  , Septy Ariani  , Fenie Waty
Published: June 2021

Latar Belakang : Sebagian besar pengidap hipertensi berasal di Negara maju. Kebanyakan yang mengidap hipertensi yaitu pria dengan perbandingan 26,6% sedangkan wanita 26,1%. Tujuan Penelitian : Mengetahui Hubungan Perilaku Gaya Hidup Dengan Hipertensi Ibu Hamil Di RSU Kota Tangerang Selatan. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel ada 64 ibu hamil dengan teknik accidental sampling. Hasil Penelitian : kategori perilaku gaya hidup kurang baik berjumlah 38 ibu hamil (59,4%) dan kategori perilaku gaya hidup baik berjumlah 26 ibu hamil (40,6%). Hubungan perilaku gaya hidup yang mempengaruhi hipertensi ibu hamil berdasarkan adanya data tekanan darah normal yaitu sebanyak 42 ibu hamil (65,6%) dan tekanan darah tinggi sebanyak 22 ibu hamil (34,4%). Hasil uji stastitik dengan menggunakan uji korelasi spearman rank  diperoleh Ha = diterima dan adanya hubungan antara perilaku gaya hidup dengan hipertensi ibu hamil di RSU Kota Tangerang Selatan dengan nilai p = 0,000. Kesimpulan dan Saran : Hubungan perilaku gaya hidup dengan hipertensi ibu hamil di RSU Kota Tangerang Selatan yang disebabkan oleh perilaku hidup sehat yang kurang, jarang berolahraga serta sering mengkonsumsi makanan siap saji. Diharapkan untuk pihak Rumah Sakit untuk mengadakan program kelas sehat setiap bulannya.
Perbandingan Efektivitas Pemberian Minuman Kunyit Asam Dan Jahe Terhadap Nyeri Menstruasi Pada Mahasiswi Keperawatan Semester II Di Stikes Yatsi Tangerang
Authors: Adisa Swastika  , Koestika Safitri  , H.A.Y.G Wibisono
Published: June 2021

Latar Belakang : Bedasarkan data yang didapatkan dari Jurnal Kesehatan tahun 2014 bahwa terdapatnya prevalensi dismenorea yang diberikan tindakan non farmakologi (17,86%) dan dismenore yang mengkonsumsi  obat kimia OJ-2 (40,00%). Tujuan penelitian :  untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektivitas pemberian minuman kunyit asam dan jahe terhadap tingkat nyeri pada saat menstruasi. Metode  : Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan quasy eksperiment dengan rancangan (Non Equivalent one group pre test-post test). Total sampel yang diambil 30 responden dengan kelompok kunyit asam 15 responden dan kelompok jahe 15 responden teknik pengambila sampel menggunakan Purposive Sampling. Tingkat nyeri menstruasi di ukur menggunakan kuesioner dan dengan menggunakan uji Wilxocon Signed Rank Test dan uji Mann-Whitney. Kesimpulan dan Saran  : Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa minuman jahe memiliki nilai rerata jahe sebesar 17,33 dengan  P-value = 0,043 ≤ 0,05. Sehingga hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa minuman jahe lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan minuman kunyit asam.
Sikap Dan Motivasi Ibu Terhadap Pelaksanaan Imunisasi Campak Dalam Pencegahan Campak
Authors: Bambang Mardisentosa  , Astrinda Ayu Bidara
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK

Penyakit Campak merupakan suatu penyakit yang mudah tertular, Kemenkes mencatat jumlah pada kasus campak di Indonesia sangat banyak dan cenderung meningkat dalam kurun waktu lima tahun terakhir. Tujuan Penelitian Untuk mengetahui Tingkat Pengetahuan Sikap dan Motivasi Ibu terhadap Imunisasi Campak dalam Pencegahan Campak dengan secara simultan. Metode Penelitian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kausal komperatifatau menggunakan pendekatan Cross sectional menggunakan uji normalitas multikolinearitas, heteroskedastisitas, linearitas, regresi berganda, uji t, dan uji f. Populasi sebanyak 58 Responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini  menggunakan Purposive Sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar kueshioner. Teknis analisa diatas menggunakan analisis Univariat dan Bivariat. Hasil Penelitian Berdasarkan uji t Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Motivasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap imunisasi campak dalam pencegahan campak, variabel Sikap berpengaruh signifikan terhadap imunisasi campak dalam pencegahan Campak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian uji F (Simultan menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen Tingkat pengetahuan Sikap dan Motivasi Ibu terhadap Imunisasi Campak dalam Pencegahan Campak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Pencegahan Campak dengan hasil Ttabel 7.515 dengan nilai Sig. 0.000. Kesimpulan dan Saran Hasil penelitian ada Pengaruh Tingkat Pengetahuan Sikap dan Motivasi Ibu terhadap Imunisasi Campak dalam Pencegahan Campak.
NESNELERİN İNTERNETİ, GÜVENLİK VE GİZLİLİK, İNSAN HAKLARI BAĞLAMINDA BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: AKİNCE Bora
Published: June 2021

İnternetin yaygınlaşması ile birlikte nesnelerin internete bağlanmaya başlaması neticesinde insan hayatına yeni bir kavram girmiştir. Bu kavram nesnelerin interneti kavramıdır. Nesnelerin interneti akıllı telefonların, sensörlerin kullanımının yaygınlaşması ile hayatın ayrılmaz bir parçası olmuş ve insan hayatını kolaylaştırmıştır. Ancak nesnelerin interneti her ne kadar insan hayatını kolaylaştırsa da güvenlik ve gizlilik ile ilgili iki önemli konuda insanların kafasında soru işaretleri bırakmaktadır. Bu çalışmada nesnelerin interneti nedir, nasıl gelişmiştir, nesnelerin internetinde güvenlik ve gizlilik nasıl sağlanmaktadır? Sorularına cevap verilecek, nesnelerin interneti teknolojisinin insan hayatında yerinin çok arttığı ve bunu neticesinde güvenlik ve gizlilik sorunlarına yol açtığı sorunsalından yola çıkılarak insan hakları hukuku bağlamında bir değerlendirme yapılacaktır.
THE BUDGET OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND GREEN ENERGY: PERCEPTIONS, ACTIONS, AND CHALLENGES
Authors: CENGİZ Çağdaş , KUTLU Erdi
Published: June 2021

The European Green Deal has expanded the climate perspective of the European Union (EU) and put a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy strategy at the centre. For the first time in the history of the EU integration, the EU budget has been designed for prioritizing the climate strategy and conditioned in accordance with the climate targets. Within this context, in this study, the common budget priorities, Green Deal targets and internal/external challenges of the EU are addressed together, aiming to answer the questions to what extent the global climate change is perceived as an emergency by the EU and whether the EU’s green transformation approach is sufficient and applicable. The study is conducted in the light of current literature and data on the EU’s climate approach and financing instruments in order to answer these questions. The study concludes that although the climate model reflected in the EU’s new budget is an important step in combating the climate crisis, difficulties could not be overcome due to the intra-EU dynamics/lack of consensus, and unless a systemic transition in a global sense takes place, the dramatic transformation targeted by the Green Deal would remain discursively assertive, but actionally ambiguous.
AN APPLICATION OF LINEAR DIOPHANTINE EQUATIONS TO CRYPTOGRAPHY
Authors: Anuradha Kameswari P. , Sriniasarao S.S. , Belay A.
Published: June 2021

In this chapter we propose a Key exchange protocol based on a random solution of linear Diophantine equation in n variables, where the considered linear Diophantine equation satisfies the condition for existence of infinitely many solutions. Also the crypt analysis of the protocol is analysed.
Study of Pap Smear as Cervical Cancer Screening: A Prospective Study at a Periurban Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Priya Pratapan (Nair)  , Mugdha Jungari  , Mrunal Nakade  , Kiran Borkar  , Saunitra A. Inamdar
Published: June 2021

Background: Cancer cervix is fourth most common cancer in the world and second most common in India. In India, cervical cancer is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity amongst women. Methodology:This prospective study was conducted among 200 women undergoing Pap Smear Test at gynecology OPD between January-June 2020. Pap smear test was classified as per Bethesda system. Result: Abnormal pap smear report was seen among 25.5% women. Higher proportion of abnormal pap report was seen among women aged 21-30 years (41.17%), with a duration of married life between 10-20 years 33.3%. The common abnormal pap smear report finding were inflammatory changes and vaginosis. Epithelial cell abnormalities were found among 18 (9%) women. Conclusion: Pap smear test is a simple, affordable, effective, and practical screening test for early detection of cervical cancer, and it decreases morbidities and mortalities due to cervical cancer.
Impact of Pregnant Women’s Depression State upon their Pregnancy Outcomes at Maternity Hospitals in Baghdad City
Authors: Raghad Z. Dosar  , Najmah M. Meran
Published: June 2021

Objective: To assess the impact of pregnant women’s depression state upon their pregnancy outcome Methodology: A descriptive purposive study was used to assess the impact of pregnant women’s depression state on their pregnancy outcomes. The study was conducted from (22nd \ September \ 2020 to 15th \ February \ 2021). A non-probability sample (purposive sample) was selected from 100 women. Data were collected through an interview with the mother in the counseling clinic, during the third trimester of pregnancy, as well as after childbirth in the labour wards to assess the outcome of pregnancy. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics (frequency and percentages).Results: The most important thing observed in this study was the negative pregnancy outcome for women suffering from depression during pregnancy. Low birth weight (31%), premature labor (22%), stillbirth (2%), intrauterine growth restriction (1%)Recommendations: The study recommends according to the results. We suggest that health care providers pay attention to the mental state of pregnant women. Providing training and scheduling support during pregnancy for mothers in order to identify risk factors and achieve skills and knowledge to support mothers, as well as providing a soothing atmosphere to ensure a peaceful environment for pregnant women.
Prevalence of Dental Erosion among Children aged 11-12 years Old in Primary Schools at Sammawa City(South of Iraq)
Authors: Hanoon Shayma Abdullah
Published: June 2021

Objective: The purpose of this research was to assess the prevalence of dental erosion in children betweenthe ages of 11 and 12 years and compare the various factors influencing dental erosion in both study andcontrol groups.Materials and Methods: a clinical assessment of the research was performed among children aged 11- 12years to assess the prevalence of dental erosion in relation to various factors that may cause erosion. Thesample size was 102 children with diagnosed dental erosion(63 boys and39 girls) and saliva from thesechildren was collected using a questionnaire to study the various factors that correlate with dental erosion.Results: the children examined were 1000 aged between 11and 12 years. The prevalence was 10.2 per centmore than girls (3.9per cent) with the highest level in boys(6.3per cent). The salivary flow rate and saliva PHwere lower in the study group compared to the control group and lower in boys compared to girls in the samegroup. Tooth brushing frequencies and carbonated drink intake exhibited a greater effect on the developmentof erosion in study group compared with the control group.Conclusion: in Sammawa city, the prevalence of dental erosion was low and in boys more than girls, andin study group, the salivary flow rate and saliva PH was low. The severity of dental erosion increases withincreased intake of carbonated beverages and tooth brushing frequencies.
The Effect of Using the (K.W.L) Strategy on Developing Inferential Thinking and Performing Some basic Handball Skills for Female Students, College of Education and Sports Sciences, University of Misan
Authors: Msaed Majid Mohammed , Irkhayyis Esraa AbdulZahr , Mohammed Nadia Mahdi
Published: June 2021

The importance of research is in the use of modern and effective teaching strategies and methods. Therefore,teachers’ ideas tended to find and search for unique teaching methods. The teacher is a guide and assistantto students on the knowledge and how to use educational techniques and strategies that would enable thestudent from storing knowledge and reusing it in new situations. The present study used the (K.W.L.)strategy in developing inductive thinking and learning some basic handball skills and to gain knowledgefrom the theoretical and practical side. As well as this strategy has a new aspect. It is an expressive methodthat supports teachers to achieve the best results. There were statistically significant differences when usingthe (K.W.L.) strategy in developing inferential thinking and learning basic handball skills in the researchsample. The most prominent conclusions reached by the researchers: firstly the (K.W.L.) strategy hasan apparent effect on developing the performance level of the selected basic skills and stimulating thespirit of competition and plays among the students of the research sample. There is a moral correlationbetween learning some basic skills chosen and between developing inductive thinking among the studentsof the research sample. The most prominent recommendations are the adoption of this strategy by facultyprofessors due to the development achieved in the level of performance. Thus, the increase in suspenseand excitement, and the preparation of this strategy can apply for the rest of the games for the same schoolstage and other stages of the study. As well as the possibility of learning and development for students withinferential thinking, teams for universities can be selected from them for various games.
Estimation of Root Canal Working Length Using Three Different Apex Locators, An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Lateef Ammar Azeaz , Thyab Samer Aun , Nadhum Noor Salman
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of different generations of electricalapex locators (EALs) using different measuring protocols. The accuracy of E-PEX PRO (Eighteeth,Changzhou, China) as newly introduced device, Root ZX (J Morita Corp, Tokyo, Japan), and iPex (NSK,Tochigi, Japan) EALs were evaluated.Methods: In this study thirty extracted human permanent single rooted premolar were used. The workinglength was determined with #15 K-file, then by one of the three EALs, first by introducing the file into thecanal until the EAL reads 0.0 then retracting the file until it reads +1.0, second by proceeding the file until theEAL reads +1.0. The data were analyzed using One-way repeated measure ANOVA test at P value of (0.05).Results: No statistically significant differences were found between the three EALs at either measuringprotocolConclusions: Under the in-vitro conditions of the current study, all tested EALs were accurate in estimatingworking length.
Assessment of the Burnout Level in Health Care Worker During COVD 19
Authors: Jawad Mustafa Kareem , Abd Al-Reda Dhiaa Abd Al-Rasoul , Armeah Waleed Ali , Abdulhussein Asmaa Jabbar
Published: June 2021

Background: Health care workers are considered the first and real repelling line in the face of the COVID19pandemic, and therefore they have an increased workload, and stress. Understanding risk for burnout iscritical to supporting health workers and maintaining the quality of healthcare during the pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional study design could be used to assessment the level of burnout during COVID19. Included 1000 samples as a healthcare worker involved in the study by used of convenience samplingtechnic , The study has been carried out in Iraqi, conducted throughout the period of April 15th, to July 19th,2020. A self-administered questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Service Survey were usedto collect data.Results: Overall, burnout were high level among 59.9 % of the participants in the study. High workloadand intention to leave were associated with burnout at statistically significant (P<0.05), and high significantrelationship between demographic characteristics (age, gender, level of education, job title, work place ) andlevel of burnout (P<0.05).Conclusions: The high level of burnout identified among health workers is mainly related to the highworkload and psychological stress fronting them during COVID 19, as well as the lack of personal equipmentnecessary to protect themselves from this epidemic.
Teachers’ Knowledge Regarding Child Maltreatment in Elementary Schools at Mosul City /Iraq
Authors: Mahmood Al-Waly Luay Amjed , Ali Ma’ala Iqbal Ghanim
Published: June 2021

Objective: The study aim to assess the teachers knowledge level about child maltreatment in elementaryschools at Mosul city /Iraq.Methodology: A descriptive study design was chosen to fulfill the objectives of this research which wasconducted in sixty elementary schools inside of Mosul city/Iraq during the period from 1 October 2019till 30 May 2020. The study sample consists of (60) elementary schools teachers was selected by nonprobability(Purposive) sample from (60) schools inside Mosul city . The questionnaire data was filled bythe teachers in a face-to-face direct interview. Different statistical processing was conducted by the use ofversion 23 SPSS statistical packageResult: The result showed 63.3 % of teachers have poor knowledge regarding child maltreatment andthere is a significant relationship between the education levels of the elementary school teachers and theirknowledge about child maltreatment and there is no statistically significant relationship with other like thesocio-demographical variables.Conclusion: Need for enhancing teacher’s knowledge because the teachers in the elementary schools inMosul city do not have appropriate and adequate knowledge about child maltreatment.Recommendations: The researchers recommend design and implement different educational programs forteachers based on needs assessment concerning child maltreatment (e.g., definition, types, causes, signs/manifestations, methods like initial detection of a child at high risk, communication, management, etc.) topromote child health and development.
Forensic Assessment of Genotoxic Effects of Lead Metal on leaf Phragmites australis Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) Markers
Authors: Ibraheem Ahmed Ghalib , Ajmi Reyam Naji
Published: June 2021

The influence lead metal on DNA integrity in leaf plant can measure by potential effects of pollutantsaccumulation metal, Pb in leaf plant Phragmites australis was subjected to RAPD analysis, have been foundmetal at concentrations of S1, S2,S3 (0.045 , 2.97, 0.93) Respectively. polymorphisms became evident asthe presence and absence of DNA fragments in affected samples compared to effect samples. Five primewas selected OP-L05, OP-M14, OP-M20, OP-V09 and OP-M05 were used , the genomic DNA of leaf didnot appear polymorphic band at OP-L05 except molecular weight 600bp and presence of polymorphic band,OP-M20 show only polymorphic band at 850bp,OP-M05 did not show any polymorphisms and OP-M14,OP-V09 primers appeared polymorphisms when compare unexposed in control, this study confirmed RAPDmarkers a fast and simple technique can be used detection of forensic environmental.
Analysis of Rehospitalization of Preterm and Term Infants in First Month of Life
Authors: Madhloom Athba Alaa , Farhood Al-Joborae Sijal Fadhil
Published: June 2021

Background: rehospitalization of preterm and term neonates was planned readmission to the hospital within30 days post birth discharge prematurity is the main reasons of neonatal illness and death in concentratedcare units universal. The aim of study to study the reasons of rehospitalization of preterm plus term infantsin first month of life and analyze the reasons of rehospitalization in relation to infantile and maternal sociodemographicand medical characteristics. Method: It is descriptive cross sectional study in hospital on200 preterm and term infants who were be concerned in the neonatal care units in Babylon Maternityand Pediatrics Hospital, Imam Sadik General Teaching Hospital. Results: 200 cases of preterm and termneonates were screened and enrolled in the study. The mean and standard deviation of current maternal ageand maternal age at marriage in year were (25.88 ± 7.89) , (20.82 ± 5.56) respectively. 45% of neonateswith birth weight less than 2500 Kg, 48.5% of neonates with gestational age of less than 37 weeks, 35% ofneonates were admitted due to prematurity at first admission , 53.5% of neonatal rehospitalizations was dueto jaundice. The second cause of rehospitalization was infection in 26.5% of neonates, this study found that3.5% of neonatal readmission were due to surgical follow up , 62% of rehospitalized neonates the cause ismedical follow up. Conclusion: Jaundice was the major cause of readmission to hospital in both term andpreterm neonates. The relation between preterm and early admission (particularly for jaundice and feedingproblems) was well documented.
Outcome of Using Medical Grade Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate (DentoGen) in Unilateral Alveolar Cleft Repair
Authors: Al-Jwboory Haidar Mohammed , Issa Sabah Abdulaziz
Published: June 2021

Objectives: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of fast setting (DentoGen) bonesubstitute for secondary alveolar cleft repair.Materials and Methods: Ten patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate were included for alveolarcleft repair with fast setting (DentoGen) without autogenous bone graft in 2017 and 2018. Pre-operation and6 months post-operation CBCT were used for measurement of bone density and bone volume in cleft site.The data was analyzed by using Pearson’s correlation coefficient test and paired sample t-test via SPSSsoftware version 24.Results: The mean age of patients in this study was 10.4±2.657 years. The pre-operative mean alveolar cleftvolume was 0.8996±0.117cm3. Six months after grafting with fast setting (DentoGen) graft, satisfactorybone formation was observed in all patients except two patients. The mean bone density of cleft site was303±42.843 HU which was significantly lower than the non-cleft side, and the mean percentage of new boneformation was 64.74±10.290% compared with original cleft volume.Conclusion: Calcium sulfate hemihydrate (DentoGen) can represent a promising alternative to autogenousbone graft in repairing small unilateral alveolar cleft during mixed dentition.
Total synthesis of ent-pavettamine
Authors: Zimuwandeyi Memory , Fernandes Manuel A , Rousseau Amanda L , Bode Moira L
Published: June 2021

Pavettamine, a plant toxin first isolated from Pavetta harborii in 1995, was previously identified as a polyamine with C2 symmetry and a 1,3-syn-diol moiety on a C10 carbon backbone – one of very few substituted polyamines to be isolated from nature. Its absolute configuration was later established by our first reported total synthesis in 2010. Herein we report the first total synthesis of the enantiomer of pavettamine, ent-pavettamine. The symmetrical structure of the molecule allows for the synthesis of a common C5 fragment that can be divergently transformed into two synthons for later convergent coupling to furnish the target carbon framework. Based on the success of the protocol we employed for the synthesis of the naturally occurring pavettamine, (S)-malic acid was again the starting material of choice for the synthesis of the two individual C5 fragments, with strategic differences in terminal-group manipulation allowing for the synthesis of ent-pavettamine rather than pavettamine. Chain extension and stereoselective ketone reduction were achieved using the (R)-methyl p-tolyl sulfoxide chiral auxiliary to give the desired 1,3-syn-diol C5 unit. A protecting-group strategy was also developed for the orthogonal protection of the alcohol and amine functional groups as they were unveiled. The functionalized C5 fragments were coupled via reductive amination revealing the C10 carbon backbone. Deprotection of the alcohol and amine functional groups successfully provided ent-pavettamine as a TFA salt.
Legal mechanism of regulation of the status of donor bodies as an object of civil law
Authors: Dyakovych Myroslava M. , Mykhayliv Mariya O.
Published: June 2021

The quality of life of the population significantly depends on the level of development of medicine, including such a field as transplantology. The need for donor bodies is growing every year, which requires the development of an effective mechanism for regulating legal relations with them. The relevance of the study is due to the existence of a number of unresolved issues: uncertainty of legal relations in this area, gaps in the use of transplantation of human organs and tissues and unexplored relationship of human organ and tissue transplantation with civil law institutions. The main purpose of this article is to determine the legal status of human organs and tissues in the field of transplantation as objects of civil law. The main approach to the study was a set of methods of legal analysis, as well as comparative analysis. The basic principles of the constitutional and legal essence of donation and its civil law principles were determined. The effectiveness of legislative regulation of the issues under study in the domestic legal field, as well as in comparison with the norms of foreign countries and international law was assessed. It was established that the international legislation, the legislation of the CIS countries and developed countries generally recognise organs and tissues as objects of sui generis, limited in circulation, establishing a criminal ban on commercial donation. It is proposed to recognise them as special objects of civil law of property nature within the framework of the civil law approach to the legal essence of donor organs and tissues. The author classification of donor organs according to the criterion of their availability was developed. The main problematic issues regarding the determination of ownership rights to donor organs were analysed. The main elements of the mechanism of realisation of the subjective right to donation as forms of realisation of the constitutional and civil right of a person to life, and also forms of realisation of the legal status of the subject of the right to donation were defined. It is proposed to include in the Constitution of Ukraine a separate article on the settlement of the issue of analysis. The practical significance of the obtained results is that the information presented in the study can be applied in legislative and judicial practice, in teaching, the proposed measures can be used as a basis for reforming and improving the domestic donation system
Problems of forensic identification of handwriting in forensic examination
Authors: Kerniakevych-Tanasiichuk Yuliia V. , Sezonov Viktor S. , Nychytailo Iryna M. , Savchuk Maryna A. , Tsareva Iryna V.
Published: June 2021

The handwritten signature as a characteristic of authentication has been legally and publicly recognised for centuries and has been used in the forensic field for many decades to identify an author. Approaches to biometric user authentication developed in recent years are also based in part on handwriting characteristics, such as automatic signature verification. This article systematically identifies handwriting features published in forensics and analyses which of these properties can be adapted as biometrics to verify the user. A user verification procedure based on a set of 14 forensic characteristics is presented, which is integrated into the biometric verification procedure. The results of the verification of these forensic features are compared in detailed tests with the features of non-forensic data, and it is shown that significant improvements in false detection rates can be achieved by including forensics. For hundreds of years, handwritten signatures have been legally and socially recognised as authentication. The reason for this is the uniqueness of human handwriting. Although a forger with some practice may visually imitate another person’s text or signature, the typical traces resulting from the (studied) behaviour of a victim of forgery are difficult to copy. To check the record, the pressure force of all overlay points with a pen at the beginning or inside the word, written letters on the weight are used. In addition, the way a writer unconsciously or even consciously connects words, letters, or parts of letters to each other is a specific trait for that person. In a forensic examination, experts examine these and other features to prove or disprove the authenticity of signatures or documents. In the field of forensic science, there are many procedures offered based on physical handwriting samples to determine a writer
The role of international human rights organisations in the context of the conflict in Eastern Ukraine
Authors: Karpachova Nina I.
Published: June 2021

The task of this paper is to study the role of international human rights organizations in response to the conflict taking place in eastern Ukraine. The study is based on recent reports from the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and the OSCE on Ukraine. The relevance of the stated topic is determined by the situation with human rights violations in the armed conflict in Ukraine and the significant role of international human rights organizations, making active efforts to resolve it. The purpose of this study is to determine the main aspects of the role that international organizations play in resolving this range of issues. This will help to identify potential opportunities to tackle the problem with human rights violations in the Ukrainian territories. The study combines quantitative and qualitative research of the entire spectrum of issues brought into the subject. The main results obtained are: analysis of the role and place of international human rights organizations in assessing the situation with the conflict in the Ukrainian territories and obtaining statistical information on the current status of human rights violations in these territories. The value of this paper lies in obtaining practical recommendations for finding ways to peacefully resolve the conflict in the East of Ukraine and implementing comprehensive measures to create conditions for the protection of human rights in this region
Legal and socio-economic aspects of reforming Ukraine's higher education system
Authors: Sitsinska Maya , Sitsinskiy Anatoliy , Nikolaiev Vladislav , Khadzhyradieva Svitlana , Hasiuk Igor
Published: June 2021

The aim of the article is to critically review the effectiveness of the processes of reforming Ukraine’s higher education system in the light of integration into the European educational space. Also, the goal is to define the boundaries of the legislative control of the education system at the state level. The defining theoretical concept for the development of higher education in Ukraine is its leading role in ensuring the sustainable socio-economic development of the country through the implementation and legal protection of the inalienable right of citizens to education, obtaining quality educational services, comprehensive intellectual and spiritual development. The main research methods are the frequency analysis method and the mathematical statistics methods, which were used to process the data of the questionnaire of public officials. It has been determined that in the conditions of socio-economic, socio-political, legislative, administrative and managerial crisis, increasing competitive requirements for the higher education system of Ukraine, the leading purpose of its modernisation is the formation of new content and quality standards of educational services, which will ensure the maximum integration of Ukraine in the world and European educational space. In the context of a sociological survey of civil servants, the circle of threats, the structure of their relationships and sources of origin are outlined, which are the first priorities of the state administration, aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of the higher education system of Ukraine. The novelty of the study is due to a sociological survey of public officials in order to determine the expert opinion on key issues. It is important to find out what legal responsibility people will bear for opposing the laws of Ukraine on education. The authors also collected an expert opinion on key issues that will improve Ukrainian legislation in the field of higher education. The practical importance is determined by the necessity to outline priority areas to counter the existing and more potentially dangerous threats to the sustainable development of higher education in Ukraine
Old Boundaries and New Frontiers - Reflections on the Identity of Archaeology
Authors: Kristiansen Kristian
Published: June 2021

In this paper I demonstrate some major changes within the traditional disciplinary boundaries of archaeology during the last 25-30 years, and the subsequent formation of new frontiers of theory and practice. They are the result of the expansion and diversification of the discipline in modern society. In that process archaeology has lost its former hegemonic identity which is replaced by pluralism and overlapping functions and identities. This has resulted in institutional and organisational discrepances. My analysis serves as a platform for forrnulating a strategy for cooperation between these new sectors, especially the heritage sector and the universities, leading to the formation of a more coordinated archaeological research practice.
Expectations on Swedish Rescue Archaeology: fertile circles, the courage not to know, and texts with meaning
Authors: Rudebeck Elisabeth
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses some general problems within Swedish rescue archaeology. In order to illustrate these problems, more or less recognizable negative states are contrasted with positive expectations. Vicious circles, prohibiting critical evaluation and discussion, are contrasted with ”fertile circles", promoting an intellectual and creative archaeology. The comfortable and stagnant search for "known" and easily categorized features and objects is contrasted with the courage to actively focus on problematic features and relations. Finally, archaeological reports that are anxiously occupied with numbers and descriptive "facts", while avoiding subjective reflexions and interpretations, are contrasted with reports communicating meaning, interpretations and evaluations.
The Orientation of Ancient Monuments in Sweden - A Critique of Archaeoastronorny and an Alternative Interpretation
Authors: Lindström Jonathan
Published: June 2021

The results of three archaeoastronomical studies of Scandinavian ancient monuments are discussed and dismissed as unconvincing. The necessity of a broader approach to the problem of orientation is emphasised. The mean orientations of several groups of ancient monuments in Sweden are presented. It is suggested that graves, as well as other ancient monuments, are roughly oriented according to the four cardinal points, although the conception of the cardinal points was not the same as it is now. Two different ancient conceptions are suggested, the B- and C-systems. Possible social and religious background and astronomical principles are discussed.
Inter the Mesolithic —Unearth Social Histories: Vexing Androcentric Sexing through Strøby Egede
Authors: Strassburg Jimmy
Published: June 2021

This article dissects the methodological toolbox of essences referred to as the Mesolithic, attempting to grasp its calculus. The autopsy then sets about investigating the reductionist problems of essentialism and androcentrism that have spread throughout the Mesolithic project like a malign cancer. Especially the insistent practice to sex supposedly important things and activities as male is confronted. The mass grave at Strøby Egede, eastern Zealand, Denmark, serves as a very detailed example. An effort is thereafter made to convey some of its sociohistorical specificity.
On Studies of Task Bifferentiation between Men and Women in the Scandinavian Iron Age
Authors: Ströbeck Louise
Published: June 2021

Reiterated and cursorily criticised generalisations of attributes for male and female in grave goods, have since the first half of the nineteenth century created an oversimplified yet politically intricate image of a specific task differentiation between men and women in prehistory. Ideals of male and female roles and tasks in the interpreter’s contemporary society have been described as universals in terms of binary oppositional pairs, or spheres, such as private/domestic-public. The dichotomies used for analysing and attributing male and female tasks have given preference to stereotypes, and the very formulation of the oppositional concepts for activity areas expresses ideological valuations ofmale and female. This article stresses the need for analysing the origin of concepts, and it seeks new and alternative ways of perceiving task differentiation.
The Rise and Decline(?) of the Modern in Sweden - Reflected through Cultural Resource Management Archaeology
Authors: Magnusson Staaf Björn
Published: June 2021

A social and ideological trend that has been most influential in the 20’" century is modernism. It is of interest to closer examine the relationship between archaeology and the western social-liberal modernistic project. The archaeology related to Cultural Resource Management in Sweden is a suitable for a study of this kind. This article tries to illustrate this by presenting a case study from Malmö in Scania, south Sweden. The Swedish modern project went hand in hand with industrialization. This development has been of importance for the accumulation of archaeological data. Modernistic ideas were however also largely to influence archaeological methods and interpretations.
Microarchaeology, Materiality and Social Practice
Authors: Cornell Per , Fahlander Fredrik
Published: June 2021

In this paper we propose an operative social theory that eliminates the need for a pre-defined regional context or spatio-temporal social entities like social system, culture, society or ethnic group. The archaeological object in a microarchaeological approach is not a closed and homogeneous social totality, but rather the structurating practices, the regulative actions operating in a field ofhumans and things. In order to address these issues more systematically, we discuss social action, materialities and the constitution of archaeological evidence. Sartre's concept of serial action implies that materialities and social agency are integrated elements in the structuration process. We suggest that such patterns of action can be partially retrieved from the fragmented material evidence studied by the archaeologist.
The Importance of How Regions are Constructed
Authors: Nyqvist Roger
Published: June 2021

In this article the author discuss how many regions can be identified in the province of Bohuslän. Region is a construction that covers everything from landscape, people and economic structure, to nature, political structure and structures for subsistence. We have to keep this fact in mind, because these aspects, will be the reasons for how and why our material remains have the shape and distribution that they do. Different materials within the region can also be the result of the agricultural history, as well as the influences of the interested group of collectors could create for the artefacts. Therefore it seems most correct to use the term region only in the geographic sense.
Microblade Technology in Northern Sweden: Chronological and Cultural Irnplications
Authors: Olofsson Anders
Published: June 2021

This article deals with Mesolithic microblade technology in northern Sweden. The artifacts in question are keeled scrapers, microblade cores, i.e. handle cores (also called wedge-shaped cores) and conical/cylindrical microblade cores, and microblades from Norrland and the provinces of Dalarna and Värmland. It is proposed that microblade production from handle cores was introduced perhaps as early as 7700/7500 BP in northern Sweden, but at least some time during the period 8000—7000 BP. It is possible that this type of core survives right up to ca. 5500 BP. The north Swedish handle core tradition is compared with its neighboring cultures. It is argued that microblade production from oblong handle cores was an innovation that spread from southern Scandinavia or southeastem Norway/western Sweden to northern Sweden during the Early Atlantic period. The Scandinavian handle core tradition as a whole is further compared with its counterparts in northeastern Asia and North America
Production Sites on the Beach Ridge of Järavallen: Aspects on Tool Preforms, Action, Technology, Ritual and the Continuity of Place
Authors: Högberg Anders
Published: June 2021

Järavallen is the name of a beach ridge along the south and south-west coasts of Scania in the southern part of Sweden. Large amounts of flinttool preforms, particularly for square-sectioned Neolithic axes, have been found on three sites along this beach ridge. The several thousand preforms represent tool types from the Early Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age. The three sites have not been given much attention in recent archaeological research. With a basis in a discussion of action, technology, ritual and the continuity of place, these three sites are analysed and interpreted as representing traditions involving repeated actions over a long period of time. The production and deposition of the preforms are seen as an investment for the future.
Solid As a Rock? An Ethnographical Study of the Management of Rock-carvings
Authors: Gustafsson Anders , Karlsson Håkan
Published: June 2021

This paper takes its point of departure in a critical and ethnographically directed discussion ofhow Swedish heritage management —in practiceconstructs, organises and presents the past (ke. , the cultural heritage) to the public at the rock-carvings in Tanum. This ethnographical approach is helpful when trying to move beyond the structures —and specific ways of viewing the world —that are a consequence of our own archaeological socialisation. Suddenly activities that, with an archaeological eye, seem to be completely normal, present themselves instead as peculiar examples of the culture ofcontemporary archaeology/heritage management. In this paper we present examples —derived from both the past and present —ofhow this specific culture approach handles and stages the rock-carvings in Tanum. It is stressed that, for various reasons and not least ethical and democratic ones, this culture and its rituals need to be examined even further from an ethnographical point of view
Cultivating Corpses: A Comparative Approach to Disembodied Mortuary Remains
Authors: Kaliff Anders , Oestigaard Terje
Published: June 2021

Disembodied remains of corpses are often found in the archaeological record but seldom interpreted and understood. This mortuary practice challenges our traditional understanding of funerals and what constitutcs a "grave". Through a comparative analysis of prehistoric Bronze Age and Iron Age mortuary remai ns and contemporary funeral practices in Nepal, it is argued that the disembodiment is a cosmogonic act whereby the corpse is an intrinsic part of the agricultural and hydrological cycle. An explicit combination of the past and present for interpretations of the past is a premise for understanding and knowledge production in archaeology, and this theoretical stance is developed and explored.
Beyond Transgressive Lands and Forgotten Seas: Towards a Maritime Understanding of Rock Art in Bohuslän
Authors: Ling Johan
Published: June 2021

Since the beginning of the 20th century rock art in Bohuslän has traditionally been interpreted, on the basis of its adjacent location to the clay-soil plains, as an indicator ofpermanent pastoral or agrarian settlement units. However, recent results ofthe first substantial and extensive shoreline study, covering the whole of Bohuslän, have shown that, during the entire Bronze Age, many of these lower, clay- soil plains were in fact sea bottoms in shallow bays. On the basis of these results new measurement of the rock art panels and the surrounding terrain were made. The study showed that many rock carvings had been placed on or near the contemporary shore during the Bronze Age. It therefore seemed essential to present new questions about the social and ritual behaviour, as manifested by the rock art in these particular areas. It is here suggested that the rock art in the investigated area may be a materialised reflection of seasonal maritime interactions during the Bronze Age.