bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of a history of cancer on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma survival
Authors: He Xingkang , Li Yue , Su Tingting , Lai Sanchuan , Wu Wenrui , Chen Luyi , Si Jianmin , Sun Leimin
Published: April 2018

Background and objective

Previous studies indicated cancer survivors had a higher risk of developing subsequent pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, the influence of prior cancer on survival outcomes of current pancreatic cancer remains unclear.

Methods

Eligible populations were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programs from 2000 to 2012. We adopted Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox analysis to compare survival differences between patients with and without prior cancer.

Results

Overall, 67,555 pancreatic cancer patients, including 5582 (8.26%) with and 61,973 (91.74%) without prior cancer, were included. The most common types of prior cancers were prostate, breast, and colorectal cancers. The median time from diagnosis of an initial malignancy to subsequent pancreatic cancer was 59.8 months. Patients with a prior cancer had higher overall one‐year and three‐year survival rates compared with those without a prior cancer. Multivariable Cox analysis demonstrated that a history of prior malignancy could independently predict the better overall survival outcome of pancreatic cancer (HR = 0.92, 95% CI, 0.89–0.94, p < 0.001), especially for colorectal, breast, corpus uteri and prostate cancer survivors.

Conclusions

A history of cancer did not contribute to a poor survival outcome for patients with pancreatic cancer. More prospective trials might be warranted to validate our findings.
Clinical features of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in respiratory tract in children in middle south of China
Authors: Zhou Lili , Wang Wei , Peng Xuyun , Li Bingfei , Li Jing , Liu Jianping , Yang Lin
Published: April 2018

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is the smallest microorganisms which can survive independently in the world. It is a pathogen between the bacteria and the virus, mainly violates the respiratory system. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children with respiratory infection from April 2013 to November 2016 in a hospital in Jiangxi, China. A total of 4350 children were enrolled and nine viruses and eight bacteria, including MP, were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture. The total positivity rate of any viruses and bacteria was 73.6%; bacteria-positive detection rate was 34.5%; virus-positive detection rate was 49.1%; and mixed-positive detection rate was 45.4%. A total of 596 cases were identified as MP-positive, among which 274 cases were MP-positive only. MP was detected throughout the year and across all age groups. When compared with those of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-positive only group, the MP-positive only group was consisted of older children and presented a higher percentage of fever, a longer duration of fever, and a lower percentage of wheezing. High load of MP-positive only group was detected mainly in preschool and school-aged children. Longer fever duration and severe cough symptoms were observed in the high load of MP-positive only group with high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and D-dimer. The MP-positive only group with high load could be an etiological agent of severe respiratory tract infections.
Autoethnographic onomastics: Transdisciplinary scholarship of personal names and ‘our-stories’
Authors: Wheeler Sara Louise
Published: April 2018

Names are entwined with the languages and cultures from which they emanate, providing useful starting points for ethnographic exploration. The study of names can broadly be referred to as onomastics. However, the field is fractured by disciplinary and methodological divisions. Consequently, the study of names has not developed to the extent which might be expected for a phenomenon of such social significance. Furthermore, the emotional aspects of names and naming are largely absent from the literature. Autoethnography may be a useful methodology for bridging disciplinary and methodological divisions, bringing interesting and insightful data to the study of names and naming.
Radial Tears of the Lateral Meniscus—Two Novel Repair Techniques: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Stender Zachary C. , Cracchiolo Allison M. , Walsh Michael P. , Patterson David P. , Wilusz Matthew J. , Lemos Stephen E.
Published: April 2018

Background:

A common treatment for radial tears of the meniscus has historically been partial meniscectomy. Owing to the poor outcomes associated with partial meniscectomy, repair of the meniscus is an important treatment option. It is important to evaluate different repair techniques for radial tears of the meniscus.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate 2 novel techniques to repair radial tears of the lateral meniscus. The 2 techniques were compared biomechanically with the cross-suture method with an inside-out technique. The authors hypothesized that novel repair techniques would result in less displacement after cyclic loading, increased load required to displace the repair 3 mm, greater load to failure, decreased displacement at load to failure, and increased stiffness of the repair, resulting in a construct that more closely re-creates the function of the intact meniscus.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 36 fresh-frozen cadaveric tibial plateaus containing intact menisci were obtained. The menisci were divided into 3 groups (n = 12 in each group), and each meniscus was repaired simulating an inside-out technique. The 3 repairs completed were the hashtag, crosstag, and cross-suture techniques. Radial tears were created at the midbody of the lateral meniscus and repaired via the 3 techniques. The repaired menisci were attached to an axial loading machine and tested for cyclic and failure loading.

Results:

After cyclic loading, the cross-suture repair displaced 4.78 ± 1.65 mm; the hashtag, 2.42 ± 1.13 mm; and the crosstag, 3.13 ± 1.77 mm. The hashtag and cross-tag repairs both resulted in significantly less displacement ( P = .003 and .024, respectively) as compared with the cross-suture repair. The cross-suture technique had a load to failure of 81.43 ± 14.31 N; the hashtag, 86.08 ± 23.58 N; and the crosstag, 62.50 ± 12.15 N. The cross-suture and hashtag repairs both resulted in a greater load to failure when compared with the crosstag ( P = .009 and .009, respectively). There was no difference comparing the load required to displace the cross-suture technique 3 mm versus the hashtag or crosstag technique ( P = .564 and .094, respectively). However, when compared with the crosstag technique, the hashtag technique required a significantly greater load to displace the repair 3 mm ( P = .015).

Conclusion:

This study introduced 2 novel repair techniques—hashtag and crosstag—that did not demonstrate superiority in terms of load to failure or stiffness, but both repairs were statistically superior to the cross-suture repair in terms of displacement after cyclic loading. Considerations that may influence the validity of these techniques include cost, surgical time, and increased technical demand.

Clinical Relevance:

Radial tears of the meniscus are difficult to repair. Further research into more stable constructs is necessary.
Options to reduce the need of stored blood in Total Joint Arthroplasty (TJA)
Authors: Mai Sabine
Published: April 2018

Stored blood units are limited and will become even scarcer in the future, as the high-birthrate age group is getting older and the number of blood donors is decreasing. Stored blood also involves risks: transmission of diseases, immunological shock, side effects. Which are the options to reduce the perioperative need of stored blood?

Based on published studies, the pre-, peri- and postoperative actions and their practical application in order to prevent anemia, bleeding and the need of stored blood were compiled and evaluated. Own experiences are presented. In-house statistics were evaluated and show obvious effects.

The following actions should be taken into account: -Preoperative anemia has to be avoided as the risk of complications and mortality is increased. It is to be detected by blood samples and the reason for it needs to be treated. Iron deficiency is quite often the cause. The oral substitution of iron needs several weeks/months. It can also be given intravenous 2-3 weeks preoperatively. -The preoperative setting and discontinuation of anticoagulants and platelet aggregation inhibitors should be reflected. -The operation should be performed at normal temperature of the patient to allow normal function of enzyme systems and platelets. -Careful haemostasis is self-evident. -A tourniquet prevents bleeding during surgery of the knee, but reactive hyperemia may be unfavorable. -The use of a cell saver is worthwhile in blood-rich surgeries. With a drainage blood can also be collected postoperatively. -Tranexamic acid prevents fibrinolysis thus reducing bleeding. It is given preoperatively, if necessary again after 2-4 hours. Although the application is off-label in TJA, it has become established, particularly as there is good experience in other surgeries since many years. -Intra- and postoperative coagulation management is of importance. -Rational use of blood units should be standard (see guidelines). -The frequency and amount of blood samples should be restricted (1 mg of iron is lost per 2 ml of blood). In-house statistics show a clear reduction in the consumption of stored blood units after the introduction of the cell saver and the tranexamic acid. In Total hip arthroplasty the need decreased from 10 to 2.6% and in Total knee arthroplasty from 5 to 1.4%.

With the help of an interdisciplinary collaboration of all professional groups, which should already start with the family doctor and before admission to the hospital, the demand for stored blood can be decreased and the perioperative risk for the patient will be reduced.
LIA with vs. without an additional intraarticular catheter- Results of a RCT
Authors: Merz Cornelia , Burkhardt Patrick , Wiedmann Marleen , Köck Albert , Beckmann Johannes
Published: April 2018

Local infiltration analgesia (LIA) is meanwhile worldwide established and scientifically proven in perioperative treatment of TKA. Single-shot is the mostly used option. However, after the local analgesia has subsided, at the latest after the day of surgery, the pain is usually present and affects rapid mobilization and rehabilitation. Long-acting medications for LIA have not proved to be effective and there are barely data on intra-articular continuous analgesia. We present a randomized controlled trial which compares the LIA with and without additional continuous analgesia using an intraarticular catheter.

50 patients with TKA were randomized and included in the study. All patients received the same implant system without patellar resurfacing, without tourniquet or drains. The operation was performed by the same surgeon and postoperative treatment was identical. Both groups received a general anesthesia with laryngeal mask. A group of 25 patients received a single-shot LIA containing 150 ml bupivacaine (0.2%) and morphine (20 mg). The other group, also 25 patients, received the same single-shot LIA and an intraarticular catheter (350 ml) for 3 days with continuous infiltration (8ml/h) of bupivacaine (0.2%) and morphine (20 mg per 200 ml bupivacaine) . The following parameters were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively: VAS, additionally analgetics / opioids. Also included were complications such as infections, postoperative falls and DVT.

The average operating time was 46 min. There were no complications or reinterventions. The results were not significantly different during the first day, but for day 2 to 4 VAS was significantly better and additional analgetics / opioids were significantly less (p <0.05) in the group with additional catheters. On days 5 and 6, the results again were comparable.

There was a superiority of the additional intra-articular catheter for some days in the perioperative treatment of TKA.
A Tomahawk Shape of the Femur Predicts Greater Rotatory Knee Laxity in Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures
Authors: Pfeiffer Thomas , Burnham Jeremy , Herbst Elmar , Shafizadeh Sven , Musahl Volker
Published: April 2018

Interindividual variations in knee laxity are poorly understood. Utilizing novel pivot shift arthrometers and patients in our ACL registry the magnitude of the pivot shift was found to vary between 0-14 mm of anterior translation in the lateral compartment. Increased tibial slope was found to influence the magnitude of the pivot shift, however, it is unclear if femur morphology might influence the magnitude of the pivot shift. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between anterior translation of the lateral compartment during a quantitative pivot shift test and the posterior femoral offset, quantified as the “tomahawk ratio”, in patients with complete ACL rupture. It was hypothesized that the “tomahawk ratio” would correlate with increased anterior translation of the lateral compartment of the knee.

Consecutive patients with no history of prior knee surgeries undergoing primary ACL reconstruction were analyzed. A standardized pivot shift test was performed preoperatively under anesthesia on both knees and quantified using tablet technology as previously described. Radiographic measurements were made using standard lateral knee radiographs. The long axis of the femur shaft was determined by a line through the center of two circles centered on the femoral shaft. The axis of the femoral condyle was determined by a line between the most posterior and most anterior points of the lateral condyle. The distance from the intersection of these lines to the posterior end of the condyle was divided by the total anteroposterior length of the condyle. This ratio was defined as “tomahawk ratio”. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze correlations (p- value < 0.05).

Data sets were successfully obtained for 32 female and 25 male patients. The mean anterior translation of the lateral compartment during the pivot shift test was found to be 3.96 ±2.38 mm and 1.27±0.89 mm for the involved and uninvolved knees, respectively, with a mean side-to-side difference of 2.70±2.25 mm. The mean length of the lateral femoral condyle on x-ray was 68.36±5.31 mm, and the mean tomahawk ratio was 63.16±4.53%. There was a significant correlation between the tomahawk ratio and the absolute quantitative (r = 0.370 p < 0.05) and side-to-side differences in anterior translation of the lateral compartment (r =0.419 p < 0.05).

The main finding from this study is that ACL-deficient patients with larger posterior femoral offsets quantified as the “tomahawk ratio” were found to have higher lateral translations of the knee during the pivot shift test. This suggests that variation in knee instability may be significantly affected by femoral bony morphology characterized by a larger posterior portion of the lateral condyle. This study may assist clinicians in evaluating ACL injuries and identifying patients at greater risk for increased rotational knee instability.
InsP3R-SEC5 interaction on phagosomes modulates innate immunity to Candida albicans by promoting cytosolic Ca2+ elevation and TBK1 activity
Authors: Yang Long , Gu Wenwen , Cheung King-Ho , Yan Lan , Tong Benjamin Chun-Kit , Jiang Yuanying , Yang Jun
Published: April 2018

Background

Candida albicans(C. albicans) invasion triggers antifungal innate immunity, and the elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+levels via the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) plays a critical role in this process. However, the molecular pathways linking the InsP3R-mediated increase in Ca2+and immune responses remain elusive.

Results

In the present study, we find that duringC. albicansphagocytosis in macrophages, exocyst complex component 2 (SEC5) promotes InsP3R channel activity by binding to its C-terminal α-helix (H1), increasing cytosolic Ca2+concentrations ([Ca2+]c). Immunofluorescence reveals enriched InsP3R-SEC5 complex formation on phagosomes, while disruption of the InsP3R-SEC5 interaction by recombinant H1 peptides attenuates the InsP3R-mediated Ca2+elevation, leading to impaired phagocytosis. Furthermore, we show thatC. albicansinfection promotes the recruitment of Tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) by the InsP3R-SEC5 interacting complex, leading to the activation of TBK1. Subsequently, activated TBK1 phosphorylates interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) and mediates type I interferon responses, suggesting that the InsP3R-SEC5 interaction may regulate antifungal innate immune responses not only by elevating cytoplasmic Ca2+but also by activating the TBK1-IRF-3 pathway.

Conclusions

Our data have revealed an important role of the InsP3R-SEC5 interaction in innate immune responses againstC. albicans.
Clinical lipidomics: a new way to diagnose human diseases
Authors: Lv Jiapei , Zhang Linlin , Yan Furong , Wang Xiangdong
Published: April 2018

Lipidomics is a measurement of a large scale of lipid species to understand roles of their carbon atoms, dual bonds, or isomerism in the lipid molecule. Clinical lipidomics was recently defined “as a new integrative biomedicine to discover the correlation and regulation between a large scale of lipid elements measured and analyzed in liquid biopsies from patients with those patient phenomes and clinical phenotypes”. The first step to translate lipidomics into clinical lipidomics is to settle a number of standard operation procedures and protocols of lipidomics performance and measurement. Clinical lipidomics is the part of clinical trans‐omics which was coined as a new emerging scientific discipline where clinical phenomes are integrated with molecular multiomics. We believe it is the time to translate lipid science and lipidomics into clinical application and to understand the importance of clinical lipidomics as one of the most helpful approaches during the design and decision‐making of therapeutic strategies for individuals. We emphasize here that clinical lipidomics should be merged with clinical phenomes, e.g. patient signs and symptoms, biomedical analyses, pathology, images, and responses to therapies, although it is difficult to integrate and fuse the information of clinical lipidomics with clinical phenomes. It will be a great achievement if we can draw the networks of lipidomic species fused with networks of genes and proteins to describe the molecular mechanisms of the disease in multi‐dimensions.
Parabolic dictionary learning for seismic wavefield reconstruction across the streamers
Authors: Turquais Pierre , Asgedom Endrias G. , Söllner Walter , Gelius Leiv
Published: April 2018

Dictionary learning (DL) methods are effective tools to automatically find a sparse representation of a data set. They train a set of basis vectors on the data to capture the morphology of the redundant signals. The basis vectors are called atoms, and the set is referred to as the dictionary. This dictionary can be used to represent the data in a sparse manner with a linear combination of a few of its atoms. In conventional DL, the atoms are unstructured and are only numerically defined over a grid that has the same sampling as the data. Consequently, the atoms are unknown away from this sampling grid, and a sparse representation of the data in the dictionary domain is not sufficient information to interpolate the data. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a DL method called parabolic DL, in which each learned atom is constrained to represent an elementary waveform that has a constant amplitude along a parabolic traveltime moveout. The parabolic structure is consistent with the physics inherent to the seismic wavefield and can be used to easily interpolate or extrapolate the atoms. Hence, we have developed a parabolic DL-based process to interpolate and regularize seismic data. Briefly, it consists of learning a parabolic dictionary from the data, finding a sparse representation of the data in the dictionary domain, interpolating the dictionary atoms over the desired grid, and, finally, taking the sparse representation of the data in the interpolated dictionary domain. We examine three characteristics of this method, i.e., the parabolic structure, the sparsity promotion, and the adaptation to the data, and we conclude that they strengthen robustness to noise and to aliasing and that they increase the accuracy of the interpolation. For both synthetic and field data sets, we have successful seismic wavefield reconstructions across the streamers for typical 3D acquisition geometries.
Least-squares horizons with local slopes and multigrid correlations
Authors: Wu Xinming , Fomel Sergey
Published: April 2018

Most seismic horizon extraction methods are based on seismic local reflection slopes that locally follow seismic structural features. However, these methods often fail to correctly track horizons across discontinuities such as faults and noise because the local slopes can only correctly follow laterally continuous reflections. In addition, seismic amplitude or phase information is not used in these methods to compute horizons that follow a consistent phase (e.g., peaks or troughs). To solve these problems, we have developed a novel method to compute horizons that globally fit the local slopes and multigrid correlations of seismic traces. In this method, we first estimate local reflection slopes by using structure tensors and compute laterally multigrid slopes by using dynamic time warping (DTW) to correlate seismic traces within multiple laterally coarse grids. These coarse-grid slopes can correctly correlate reflections that may be significantly dislocated by faults or other discontinuous structures. Then, we compute a horizon by fitting, in the least-squares sense, the slopes of the horizon with the local reflection slopes and multigrid slopes or correlations computed by DTW. In this least-squares system, the local slopes on the fine grid and the multiple coarse-grid slopes will fit a consistent horizon in areas without lateral discontinuities. Across laterally discontinuous areas where the local slopes fail to correctly correlate reflections and mislead the horizon extraction, the coarse-grid slopes will help to find the corresponding reflections and correct the horizon extraction. In addition, the multigrid correlations or slopes computed by dynamic warping can also assist in computing phase-consistent horizons. We apply the proposed horizon extraction method to multiple 2D and 3D examples and obtain accurate horizons that follow consistent phases and correctly track reflections across faults.
Preparation of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes Containing Carboxyl Side-Chain Groups and Isolation of a Cage-Like Octamer Using Clay Mineral
Authors: Liu Jiahao , Kaneko Yoshiro
Published: April 2018

The hydrolytic condensation of 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl succinic anhydride (TESPSA) in water using bulky base or acid catalysts such as tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide (n-Bu4NOH) or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, respectively, afforded mixtures containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) as main products. The mixture obtained under basic conditions contained cage-like octamer (T8-POSS) and that from acidic conditions contained cage-like decamer (T10-POSS) and dodecamer (T12-POSS). On the other hand, polysilsesquioxanes with number average molecular weights of 1.25 × 104 or 1.43 × 104 were obtained when the hydrolytic condensation of TESPSA was performed in the presence of non-bulky base (sodium hydroxide) or acid (hydrochloric acid) catalysts, respectively, in water as a solvent. In addition, only T8-POSS could be isolated from the silsesquioxane mixture obtained via the hydrolytic condensation of TESPSA using n-Bu4NOH by sequential treatment with a clay mineral such as montmorillonite in water and acetone.
Les multiples réécritures de la littérature policière française en Grèce
Authors: Dimitroulia Titika
Published: April 2018

Cet article se propose d’étudier, à travers une approche culturelle et sociologique, mais aussi sémiotique, les multiples formes de traduction de la littérature policière française en Grèce, depuis le 19e jusqu’au 21e siècle. Sans aucune ambition d’exhaustivité, il examine la traduction interlinguale et intersémiotique de la littérature policière française, en essayant de reconstituer l’histoire d’un transfert culturel important et de repérer les hybridations auxquelles ce transfert a conduit, comme par exemple la rencontre du genre populaire grec des bandits avec les antihéros de la modernité, tel Fantômas ou Arsène Lupin, apparus en France au début du 20e siècle. Du feuilleton au roman-cinéma et de l’écran a la bande dessinée, l’ histoire de cette rencontre met en évidence la complexité des échanges culturels mais aussi la centralité de la traduction dans la communication littéraire mondiale.
Roman policier, littérature médiatique et transferts culturels franco-grecs (1865-1965)
Authors: Marcou Loïc
Published: April 2018

si le roman policier occidental, notamment français, est un produit de la « civilisation du journal » qui émerge en Europe au XIXe siècle, il se diffuse aussi en Grèce, selon un processus complexe de traduction, d’imitation et de création, par le biais quasi exclusif du support médiatique. Dans le présent article, nous analysons les transferts culturels franco-grecs à l’oeuvre dans la diffusion d’un genre populaire qui se présente comme l’une des multiples formes de la « littérature médiatique » (A. Vaillant). Toute la question consiste à savoir si, au terme d’une période d’observation d’un siècle (1865-1965), le roman policier grec réinterprète le modèle français en affirmant son hellénicité. En d’autres termes, il s’agit de se demander non seulement quels ont été les vecteurs historiques du passage d’une culture à l’autre, mais aussi quelles dynamiques de resémantisation ont accompagné l’implantation du roman policier dans les lettres populaires néo-grecques.
Review of: Yannis Bératis, Ο ΜΑΥΡΟΣ ΦΑΚΕΛΟΣ [Le dossier noir], édité et avec introduction par Éri Stavropoulou, Athènes: Ermis, 2015,
Authors: Polycandrioti Ourania
Published: April 2018

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Provision of mental health care within primary care in Peru: A qualitative study exploring the perspectives of psychologists, primary health care providers, and patients
Authors: Cavero Victoria , Diez-Canseco Francisco , Toyama Mauricio , Flórez Salcedo Gustavo , Ipince Alessandra , Araya Ricardo , Miranda J. Jaime
Published: April 2018

Background: This study aimed to understand the offer of mental health care at the primary care level, collecting the views of psychologists, primary health care providers (PHCPs), and patients, with a focus on health services in which patients attend regularly and who present a higher prevalence of mental disorders.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in antenatal care, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and chronic diseases services from six primary health care centers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with psychologists, PHCPs, and patients working in or attending the selected facilities. 

Results: A total of 4 psychologists, 22 PHCPs, and 37 patients were interviewed. A high perceived need for mental health care was noted. PHCPs acknowledged the emotional impact physical health conditions have on their patients and mentioned that referral to psychologists was reserved only for serious problems. Their approach to emotional problems was providing emotional support (includes listening, talk about their patients’ feelings, provide advice). PHCPs identified system-level barriers about the specialized mental health care, including a shortage of psychologists and an overwhelming demand, which results in brief consultations and lack in continuity of care. Psychologists focus their work on individual consultations; however, consultations were brief, did not follow a standardized model of care, and most patients attend only once. Psychologists also mentioned the lack of collaborative work among other healthcare providers. Despite these limitations, interviewed patients declared that they were willing to seek specialized care if advised and considered the psychologist's care provided as helpful; however, they recognized the stigmatization related to seeking mental health care.

Conclusions: There is a perceived need of mental health care for primary care patients. To attend these needs, PHCPs provide emotional support and refer to psychology the most severe cases, while psychologists provide one-to-one consultations. Significant limitations in the care provided are discussed.
Arenas for implicit education: Looking at leftovers
Authors: Marsico Giuseppina , He Min , Valsiner Jaan
Published: April 2018

Suur osa koolis ja lasteaedades omandatavast haridusest jõuab lasteni kõrvaliste kohtade ehk selliste paikade kaudu, mis asuvad küll haridusasutuste territooriumil, kuid ei ole otseselt õppetegevuseks ette nähtud. Samas puutuvad kõik kooliskäijad nendega oma igapäevaste toimetuste käigus tahes-tahtmata kokku. Hiina lasteaedades ja koolides saadud etnograafilisele kogemusele toetudes analüüsime hariva sisuga semiootiliselt kodeeritud salakirja õppeasutuste sissepääsude, koridoride ja trepikodade seintel ning sellistele kõrvalistele kohtadele seatud eesmärke. Näitame, et selline kodeerimine viib keskkonna kultuurilise organiseerituse täiuseni, mille puhul muutuvad otsesed hariva suunitlusega sõnumid üleliigseks.
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Perception of Step by Step and non-Step by Step preschool teachers about the child-centred activities
Authors: Tuul Maire , Õun Tiia , Botvina Uljana
Published: April 2018

Lapsekesksele kasvatusele üleminek on alushariduse valdkonnas olnud üks olulisimaid eesmärke alates Eesti taasiseseisvumisest. Selle eesmärgi täitmisel on õpetajatele abiks olnud Hea Alguse programm, milles rõhutatakse lapse individuaalsuse toetamist valikute võimaldamise ja last toetava pedagoogilise praktika kaudu. 2008. aastal tehtud kirjaliku küsitlusega selgitati välja, milliseid erinevusi esineb Hea Alguse programmi rakendavate ja mitterakendavate õpetajate  hinnangutes oma tegevusele lapsekeskse kasvatuse kontekstis. Küsimustiku koostamise aluseks oli rahvusvahelise Hea Alguse Ühingu õpetajate hindamise standard. Uuringu tulemustest ilmneb, et Hea Alguse rühmade õpetajad rakendasid enda hinnangul oma tegevuses lapsekeskset kasvatust enam kui nende lasteaedade õpetajad, mis ei kuulu Hea Alguse programmi. 2016. aastal tehti sama uurimisvahendiga võrdlusuuring, et välja selgitada, kas Hea Alguse programmi rakendavate ja mitterakendavate õpetajate hinnangutes on varasema uuringuga võrreldes erinevusi. Küsitluse tule mustest selgub, et 2016. aastal olid Hea Alguse programmi mitterakendavate õpetajate hinnangud oma tegevusele lapsekeskse kasvatuse kontekstis oluliselt kõrgemad kui 2008. aastal ning ei erinenud enam statistiliselt olulisel määral Hea Alguse õpetajate hinnangutest.
 Summary
Level of transferable skills according to three assessment tools in three and four-year-old Estonian children
Authors: Häidkind Pille , Schults Astra , Palts Kaili
Published: April 2018

Eesti lasteaiaõpetajatel on kohustus hinnata igal õppeaastal laste individuaalset arengut ning anda lapsevanematele selle kohta tagasisidet. 3–4aastaste laste üldoskuste tasemele hinnangut andes saavad õpetajad lähtuda koolieelse lasteasutuse õppekavast, milles nad on riiklikele juhendmaterjalidele toetudes ära kirjeldanud laste eakohase arengutaseme. Tõenduspõhist teavet 3–4aastaste eesti laste üldoskuste taseme kohta on aga vähe. Aastatel 2014–2016 Tartu Ülikoolis tehtud rakendusuuringu käigus kogusime andmeid 3–4aastaste eesti laste teadmiste ja oskuste kohta. Andmekogumiseks kasutasime sotsiaalsete oskuste küsimustikku (N = 450), Strebeleva metoodikat (N = 262) ja PEP-3 testi (N = 127). Uuringu tulemusena täpsustus teave 3–4aastaste laste üldoskuste taseme kohta ning sellele tuginedes saab eakohase arengutaseme kirjeldusi koolieelsete lasteasutuste õppekavades sõnastada konkreetsemalt.
 Summary
Antioxidant Activity of Different Forms of Green Tea: Loose Leaf, Bagged and Matcha
Authors: Farooq Sumaya , Sehgal Amit
Published: April 2018

Green tea is commercially available in three forms: loose leaf, bagged and powdered. The objective of this study was to compare the radical scavenging capacity of different forms of green tea like loose leaf (3), bagged (2) and powdered matcha (2) of various brands. The green tea forms were prepared at 95-100°C for 5 min., to mimic conditions usually used for tea preparations at home. The comparison of combined IC50 values of different green tea forms (loose leaf, bagged and matcha) showed no significant difference in their radical scavenging activity except bagged tea that exhibited slightly more DPPH radical scavenging potential as compared to matcha. Individually, the Bud white loose leaf demonstrated highest antioxidant activity followed by Laplant bag, Lipton bag, Laplant loose, Gourmet matcha, Wow matcha and Lipton loose. These findings revealed that on the basis of form, it may not be possible to generalize which form of tea whether loose leaf, bagged or matcha, is more effective in scavenging free radicals.
Committed To Weightloss: An IPA Analysis into the Experiences of Individuals Who Lost Weight Through Nutritional Intervention
Authors: Miles Holly G E , Barrow Michelle
Published: April 2018

One of the challenges faced by healthcare professionals working with individuals seeking to lose weight is the issue of adherence. Individuals often fail to stick to long term dietary changes, which can impact on weight loss success. The aim of this study is to identify factors which influence adherence to nutritional intervention for weight loss, from the experiences of a purposively sampled group of individuals who had successful weight loss outcomes whilst working with a nutritional practitioner.
Four participants who met the inclusion criteria took part in a semi-structured interview. They were asked to discuss their experiences of working with a nutritional practitioner, their motivation for seeking nutritional support, their experiences of working with the practitioner and the subsequent nutritional intervention and what they believed encouraged them to adhere to the intervention in the longer term. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed for themes using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA).
Nine themes were identified within the four transcripts. The themes were grouped and labelled as follows; (1) professional (what they do and what they know), (2) in-depth and thorough, (3) can’t argue with the results, (4) someone genuinely cares, (5) I am an important part of this process, (6) empowered by knowledge, (7) shift in focus towards health, (8) my motivation, and (9) this is who I am and what I need to do.
These themes were then grouped them into three superordinate themes; I trust this process, I feel valued, and understanding of self.
The findings suggest practitioners may have opportunities to influence adherence to nutritional interventions for weight loss. These opportunities can be grouped into four categories, which are: enhancing professionalism, enhancing their relationship with the client, providing coaching and providing education.
Effect of Incorporation of Oat Flour on Nutritional and Organoleptic Characteristics of Bread and Noodles
Authors: Chauhan Divya , Kumar Krishan , Kumar Shiv , Kumar Harish
Published: April 2018

Oat (Avena sativa L.) is an underutilized cereal and is considered as a rich source of protein, minerals, lipids, β-glucan and other phytochemicals. It has an immense scope for its application in preparation of various nutraceutical and functional foods. Oat flour was incorporated with wheat flour at different concentrations for preparation of breads and noodles. Breads were prepared by incorporation of oat flour (OF) in wheat flour (WF) at different levels (0, 10, 15, 20 and 25%). Overall acceptability of breads decreased with increase in level of oat flour. However, breads were moderately desirable up to 20% replacement of WF with OF and slightly desirable at 25% level of replacement. Significant decrease in loaf volume of oat incorporated bread (OIB) was observed with increase in level of incorporation of OF in WF. Oat incorporated noodles (OIN) were prepared by substitution of OF in WF at proportion of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%. These were moderately desirable only up to 30% replacement of wheat flour with oat flour and slightly desirable thereafter. There was significant (P≤0.05) increase in proteins, crude fibres, ash and fat content but significant decrease in carbohydrate content and calorific value of processed products was recorded with increased incorporation of OF in WF. Results of organoleptic evaluation concluded that bread and noodles were moderately desirable up to 20 and 30% replacement of wheat flour with oat flour, respectively. Therefore, oat can be successfully substituted with wheat flour upto a level of 20% for bread and 30% for noodle preparation thereby, enhancing the nutritional components such as crude protein, fibre, fat and ash content in prepared products.
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose and Whey Protein Concentrate as Technological Improver in Formulation of Gluten-Free Protein Rich Bread
Authors: Khan Sheeba , Choudhary Saumya , Pandey Anamika , Kamran Khan Mohd. , Kumari Anu , Singh Avinash , Rustagi Shivani
Published: April 2018

Wheat breads contains gluten protein that is responsible for the visco-elastic properties of dough. There has recently been an increase in the prevalence of gluten-related disorders including celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Therefore, this study has been designed for improving bread production for gluten-free bread (sorghum and potato starch) using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and whey protein concentrate (WPC-70) as technological improver and optimizing it using response surface methodology (RSM). RSM was used to investigate the influence of predictor variables (HPMC and WPC-70) on bread quality in terms of crust and crumb texture and color, flavor, porosity and overall acceptability. The HPMC level varies from 2- 3% and WPC-70 from 12-15%. Quadratic models are developed to fit with experimental data. The predictor variables had desirable effect on all the responses. Finally, 3% HPMC and 15 % WPC-70 were chosen as optimum levels. The obtained gluten-free bread can be considered as protein rich. The optimized bread was analyzed for various parameters including protein, moisture, fat, crude fiber content, acid insoluble ash and pH. The analyzed results were reported as 10.48g, 38.73g, 8.97g, 2.8g, 0.134g, 6.1 respectively. The microbiological analysis of optimized bread was performed. The total plate count was10, yeast mould was 10 and coliform count Nil. Hence, it can be stated that HPMC and WPC-70 can be efficiently used to obtain gluten-free protein rich bread.
HMF as a Quality Indicator in Garcinia indica Fruit Juice Concentrate
Authors: Shrikant Thakur Jyotsna
Published: April 2018

Garcinia indica is commonly found fruit in India and known for its therapeutic applications. In Particular, its fruit juice concentrate is used as a refreshing drink and for certain therapeutic uses. However, this concentrate contains high amount of sugar and the way it is processed may result in undesirable products and quality deterioration. This study investigates the presence of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in the fruit concentrate which is essentially formed from sugar dehydration, especially in the food which undergoes thermal treatment. The three types of samples used for the study are syrups of the fruit prepared domestically, available commercially and the fruit juice without sugar. Concentration of 5-HMF in the above mentioned three samples is 316.224 mg/kg 147.840 mg/kg and 19 mg/kg respectively. 5 -HMF in sugar-containing samples is above maximum tolerance level - 20 mg/kg (EU) and 25 mg/l (IFFJP). This is clearly due to high proportion of sugar in these concentrates and the processing method. These results raise questions upon its quality and warn about the potential risk of formation of 5-HMF. The study further investigates the effects of HMF on its therapeutic value.
Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Black Sea: Evaluating Mussels
Authors: Arici Elif , Öztekin Aysah , Bat Levent
Published: April 2018

The levels of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg in the edible tissues of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 (Mediterranean mussel) picked up from the Black Sea coasts of Turkey have been determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometer (ICP/MS) with a view to biomonitoring metal contamination in 2015. In this work, a statistically significant difference in the amounts of all studied heavy metals analyzed was noticed amidst sampling areas namely Igneada, Sinop, Samsun and Trabzon so that appraise welfare threat for mussel consumers, utilization M. galloprovincialis as biomonitors. The outcomes of this study were contrasted with the outlines stated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF), the Turkish Food Codex and Commission Regulation (EC) for the harmless consumption restrictions of Bivalves as seafood. Moreover, former works with mussels in the Black Sea countries were reviewed and a summary of heavy metal amounts in mussels from whole the Black Sea waters were presented. In general these available measurements clearly indicated a low level heavy metal in M. galloprovincialis in coastal waters of the Black Sea. In this study the concentrations (mg metal kg-1 wet wt.) of metals ranged from 18-35 for Fe, 8-27 for Zn, 2.8-4.5 for Mn, 0.5-1.8 for Cu, 0.06-0.31 for Pb, 0.04-0.10 for Cd and 0.03-0.07 for Hg. Considering human health with respect to the investigated heavy metals, the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) did not exceed the permissible intakes. No chronic systemic risk was found since total hazard index (0.521) were quite below critical value 1, and the carcinogenic risk for heavy metals did not exceed the tolerable values. Although there was no health risk to consumed mussels from the Black Sea riparian countries, the amount of mussels consumed is mainly unknown in countries; thus, consumption of about 1 serving of mussels from clean coastal waters per week is enough.
A Sustainable Environmental Study on Corn Cob Ash Subjected To Elevated Temperature
Authors: Singh Komalpreet , Singh Jaspal , Kumar Sarvesh
Published: April 2018

Rapid increase in greenhouse gas induces mischievous impact on environment. In this study, carbon dioxide emission can be reduced to some extent by replacing some amount of cement with corn cob ash. The performance of concrete at high temperature was also studied. This paper investigates the effect of elevated temperature on strength property of ordinary concretes of grade M25, containing Corn Cob Ash (CCA) at various replacement levels of cement. The cube samples were subjected to high temperature of 1500C, 3000C, 4500C and 6000C for 2 hour duration in a muffle furnace. The samples were tested for compressive strength after air cooling to the room temperature. It can be seen that at normal temperature, compressive strength of the concrete decreases as the CCA content increases. The compressive strength of concrete increased significantly for all the mixes including control mix when the temperature was raised to 3000C. The recommended maximum replacement content of cement with CCA and elevated temperature was 10% and 3000C respectively.
EM BUSCA DO “AO-LONGE”: A PULSÃO DA PARTIDA E OS SIGNIFICADOS DA VIAGEM EM NARRATIVAS DE NANCY HUSTON: EMILE OLLIVIER E GUIMARÃES ROSA
Authors: ROCHA Vanessa Massoni da
Published: April 2018

A partir da premissa de Daniel Sibony, segundo a qual “precisamos de umaorigem para perder (...), precisamos de uma origem para deixar, uma origem deonde possamos partir” (SIBONY: 1991, p.31), esta comunicação pretende estudar a pulsão da viagem e seus significados em narrativas dos escritores Nancy Huston, Emile Ollivier e Guimarães Rosa. Nossa análise contemplará o conto autobiográfico Deux voyages retour simple (1993), da canadense HUSTON: o romance Passages (1994), do haitiano Ollivier e o conto A terceira margem do rio (1982), do brasileiro Rosa.Escritores em trânsito, eles privilegiam em suas obras a necessidade de partir, a busca do “ao-longe” (ROSA: 2005, p.78) e a recusa do “encarceramento identitário” (OLLIVIER: 2011, p.80) como condições indispensáveis de habitar o globo. Neste sentido, seus personagens podem ser representados pelas metáforas da borboleta (COETZEE: 2006, p. 297), do navegador (LARUE: 1996, p.26), do pólen (OLLIVIER: 1991, p.62) e do marinheiro (BENJAMIN: 1996, p.199), elementos errantes de uma configuração identitária que aponta para o deslocamento e para as diferentes perspectivas de se sentir e de estar no mundo. Segundo Glissant, “podemos dizer que a errância e a deriva são o apetite do mundo” (GLISSANT: 1996, p. 130). Além deste apetite de partir, os três autores, valorizam as promessas do trajeto como caminho de busca identitária e colocam em cena a construção de um meio detransporte marítimo para se lançar na água liberadora.
ROSA, COUTO E OS ESTRANHOS CAMINHOS DA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
Authors: MORAES Stela Maria Sardinha Chagas de
Published: April 2018

Nascido no interior de Minas Gerais, médico dedicado e diplomata renomado,Guimarães Rosa sempre deu provas de sua inclinação para línguas. Daí, a linguagem rica e pitoresca, cheia de regionalismos, presente em sua obra. Publicado em 1962 e muito difundido pelos meios de comunicação, Primeiras Estórias reúne vinte e um contos que, de acordo com Renard Perez, dão prova de “surpreendentes pesquisas formais” que conferem à coletânea de contos um caráter de beleza e estranhamento, a um só tempo. Nascido em Beira, em 1955, biólogo por formação, jornalista e militante do FRELIMO, Mia Couto é um dos autores contemporâneos de língua portuguesa mais estimulantes graças a sua criatividade do ponto de vista lexical e semântico. Esses verdadeiros “exercícios de língua e expressão”, que se depreendem de forma muito nítida em Estórias Abensonhadas, remetem ao que Cristiane Costa define como um “traço de família” entre as produções de Mia Couto e Guimarães Rosa. Um estudo de caráter comparatista entre as obras desses dois grandes nomes da literatura lusófona parece se impor, portanto, de maneira indubitável, remetendo, paralelamente, à discussão quanto às noções de singularidade linguística, estranhamento e traduzibilidade.
MORTOS E MORTIFICAÇÕES: DA POLÍTICA DAS CONDUTAS À ATITUDE VITAL.
Authors: Passetti Edson
Published: April 2018

A partir da expressão bandido bom é bandido morto, situam-se as metamorfoses da segurança na atualidade, intimamente relacionada à redução de desigualdades econômicas e sociais, a controles sobre o meio ambiente e à gestão democrática,. A segurança conecta-se aos direitos de minorias e à reforma penal, criminalizando novas condutas, com novas e móveis penalizações, crença no fim das impunidades, e investimento em pacificações. A resiliência passa a ser conduta desejada desse sujeito portador de direitos (cidadão-polícia) voltado a práticas de tolerância social e exercitando delações-denúncias. Instaura-se um sistema de governo ampliado por meio das elites secundárias, monitorando as condutas. A palavra-chave que aparece para equilibrar as elites secundárias conectadas em fluxos entre si e a elite é assédio. A ilusão da pacificação permanece, assim como a profusão de ilegalismos. Ao final, discute-se militantismo e a reversão possível dessa situação pelo abolicionismo penal.