bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Career Confidential: Can teacher ‘come back’ after telling principal to f**k off?
Authors: Fagell Phyllis L.
Published: December 2023

Phyllis L. Fagell offers work-related advice to educators. This month, a teacher wants to know how she can recover after telling an administrator to f**k off. A teacher candidate wonders why so many districts require in-person interviews when virtual options are available.
Associations Between Adult Attachment, Maternal Emotion Socialization and Child Behavior
Authors: Jing Bao , Michiyo Kato
Published: December 2023

Background: Attachment theories suggest that the adult attachment styles of mothers may influence behavior problems among their children; however, empirical studies examining the direct role of maternal adult attachment styles and the mechanisms through emotion-related parenting are scarce. Objective: This study examined the influence of maternal adult attachment styles and emotion-related parenting on child internalizing and externalizing problems. Methods: The participants were 409 mothers with children aged 4–5 years. A questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain their adult attachment styles to their mothers, maternal emotion socialization, and their children’s behavior problems. Results: The results of structural equation modelling (SEM) analyses revealed that maternal adult attachment influenced child behavior problems directly and indirectly through maternal emotion socialization. (1) Maternal attachment anxiety directly affected child externalizing problems, and indirectly affected them via mothers’ higher unsupportive emotion socialization (dismissing and dysfunction). Moreover, attachment anxiety influenced child internalizing problems directly, and indirectly via mothers’ higher unsupportive emotion socialization (dysfunction). (2) Furthermore, attachment avoidance indirectly impacted child externalizing problems via mothers’ lower supportive emotion socialization (coaching). Conclusions: These results suggested that maternal adult attachment styles and emotion-related parenting have important implications for the development of child behaviors. Future interventions should target parental factors to mitigate the risk of behavior problems among preschoolers.
COVID-19 Response of the Journal Public Health Reports (PHR), March 2020–March 2023
Authors: Harada Noelle M. , Kuzmichev Andrey , Dean Hazel D.
Published: December 2023

Objective:

Publication science is the scholarly study of various aspects of the academic publishing process. Its applications to COVID-19 literature have been limited. Here, we describe COVID-19 submissions to, and resulting articles published by, the journal Public Health Reports ( PHR), an important resource for US public health practice.

Methods:

We reviewed PHR’s COVID-19 submissions and articles published between March 27, 2020, and March 27, 2023. We coded each article for article type, author affiliation, the categories listed in PHR’s call for COVID-19 papers, and the public health emergency preparedness and response capabilities from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Results:

During the study period, PHR received 1545 COVID-19 submissions and published 190 of those articles in a collection, COVID-19 Response. The COVID-19 Response collection included 102 research articles, 29 case study/practice articles, and 24 commentaries. The corresponding author of more than half (52.1%; n = 99) of the articles was affiliated with academia. By the categories listed in PHR’s call for COVID-19 papers, 51 articles addressed health disparities, 38 addressed public health surveillance, and 34 addressed COVID-19 vaccination. By the CDC public health emergency preparedness and response capabilities, 87 articles addressed public health surveillance and epidemiologic investigation, 38 addressed community preparedness, and 32 addressed community recovery. The percentage of articles focused on policy/law was higher early in the pandemic (2020-2021) than later (2022-2023) (9.5% vs <3.0%). During the latter period, articles largely focused on vaccination (12.8%) and contact tracing (10.6%).

Conclusions:

Articles published in PHR’s COVID-19 Response collection covered a broad range of topics and were authored by contributors from diverse organizations. Our characterization of the COVID-19 output of a representative US public health practice journal can help academic publishing better address informational needs of public health responders.
“A Style Conscious Nation Eagerly Awaits”: Chambers of Commerce and the Making of the American Fashion Industry, 1900-1960
Authors: Clemente Deirdre
Published: December 2023

This article considers the role of Chambers of Commerce in promoting and protecting the fashion industries in Miami, Miami Beach, Beverly Hills, and Los Angeles in the first half of the twentieth century. I demonstrate how the Chambers used sportswear to proactively cultivate a national image as a style mecca in order to lure trend-seeking tourists, business owners, and potential residents. Working alongside government officials, tourism boosters, and real estate developers, the Chambers facilitated collaborations between members including group fashion shows and professional organizations that sent representatives around the country to sell city-made collections. Chambers advocated for and promoted shopping districts such as Lincoln Road and Rodeo Drive, which brought in more tourists and more revenue. This article details how Chambers of Commerce facilitated the making, selling, and buying of American sportswear and the role this played in shaping the economic, social, cultural, and geographic landscapes of their beloved cities.
“Our Teaching Transcends a Subject Matter”: Learning From Black Women Educators’ Beliefs about Literacy Instruction During Extraordinary Times
Authors: Francois Chantal
Published: December 2023

Background:

The Covid-19 pandemic, the United States’ racial reckoning, and nationwide educational “anti-woke” legislation—along with long-standing accountability policies—acutely constrained teachers’ experiences and have solidified public portrayals of educators as mistrustful and docile. Yet research suggests that, in the face of school and societal constraints, Black women educators develop and enact beliefs about teaching that challenge prevailing opinion to provide equitable and just learning experiences for their students. The 2020–2021 school year, an extraordinary moment in the United States, provided an important context to understand Black women educators’ developing beliefs about teaching secondary literacy, a politicized and contested subject.

Purpose:

This study builds off of historical and contemporary research on Black women educators to understand how two teachers developed their beliefs about teaching literacy in a middle school with a diverse student population during the Covid-19 pandemic and in the wake of the Black Lives Matter movement. Drawing on Black feminist theory and asset-based pedagogies, it also sought to understand what individual and collective meaning they made out of their teaching experience.

Research Design:

The qualitative study centered on two Black women educators who taught seventh-grade English language arts and history during the 2020–2021 school year. The two teachers worked at a suburban middle school serving a racially diverse student population. The study involved three interviews with each participant and seven group discussions with both participants throughout the year. I employed grounded theory methodology to analyze the data and to develop themes about how the teachers developed their beliefs about teaching literacy.

Findings:

During an extraordinary moment in the United States—characterized by the Covid-19 pandemic, hybrid instruction, and a countrywide racial reckoning—the participants felt empowered to call out the deficit ideologies that their colleagues voiced. Calling out deficit ideologies informed three beliefs about teaching literacy: upholding students’ humanity, elevating classroom discussion, and teaching a complex narrative of people of Color. These findings affirm the mutuality between action and beliefs and emphasize a more socially and politically oriented conceptualization of literacy pedagogy.

Recommendations:

This study informs how educational leaders can support Black women educators with professional learning that positions culturally affirming school expectations and critical self-reflection as a precedent to the empowering literacy instruction teachers could enact in classrooms. Future research can examine school-level and social factors shaping teachers’ knowledge, beliefs, and practices.
Influence of Smallscale Tea Cultivation (STC) on Earnings of Bangladeshi Migrant Farmers in West Bengal, India
Authors: Roy Nirmal Chandra , Biswas Debasish , Dey Arpita
Published: December 2023

Bangladeshi migrant farmers in Jalpaiguri, West Bengal, India, have been playing a pioneering role in small-scale tea cultivation in the region.The study 'based on focused group interviews, attempts to identify the influence of small-scale tea cultivation on the earnings of Bangladeshi migrant farmers and the importance of Bangladeshi migrant farmers in the study region. The study reveals that Bangladeshi migrants brought the idea of small-scale tea cultivation on agricultural land with their innovative and risk-taking behaviour. They produce and earn more than the indigenous small-scale tea cultivators in the same region.
Sexual Objectification Racial Microaggressions Amplify the Positive Relation Between Sexual Assault and Posttraumatic Stress Among Black Women
Authors: Eshelman Lee R. , Salim Selime R. , Bhuptani Prachi H. , Saad Mariam
Published: December 2023

Black women report higher rates of adult sexual assault (ASA) and sexual objectification compared to White women. Sexual objectification serves as a reminder that Black women's bodies are viewed as sexual objects based on racist/sexist ideologies, though trauma research rarely includes race-specific stressors. In this study, we examined sexual objectification racial microaggressions as a moderator of the relation between ASA severity and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among Black women. Data were collected from 129 Black college and community women ( Mage = 33.84). ASA severity was associated with greater overall PTSD symptoms and symptom clusters. The interaction between ASA severity and sexual objectification microaggressions was associated with greater PTSD symptoms and the PTSD symptom cluster, negative alterations in cognition and mood. ASA severity was associated with PTSD at mean and high sexual objectification racial microaggressions but not low levels. Associations with other PTSD symptom clusters were not significant. Findings suggest sexual objectification racial microaggressions amplify the positive relation between ASA and PTSD symptoms, specifically symptoms related to cognition and mood. It is essential that clinicians assess for race-specific stressors during trauma interventions to help reduce mental health disparities. Post-assault interventions should be tailored with multiculturally sensitive practices to address the ways racial discrimination can exacerbate trauma symptoms.
Artificial intelligence and hemodynamic studies in optical coherence tomography angiography for diabetic retinopathy evaluation: A review
Authors: Pradeep K. , Jeyakumar Vijay , Bhende Muna , Shakeel Areeba , Mahadevan Shriraam
Published: December 2023

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a rapidly emerging retinal abnormality worldwide, which can cause significant vision loss by disrupting the vascular structure in the retina. Recently, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has emerged as an effective imaging tool for diagnosing and monitoring DR. OCTA produces high-quality 3-dimensional images and provides deeper visualization of retinal vessel capillaries and plexuses. The clinical relevance of OCTA in detecting, classifying, and planning therapeutic procedures for DR patients has been highlighted in various studies. Quantitative indicators obtained from OCTA, such as blood vessel segmentation of the retina, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) extraction, retinal blood vessel density, blood velocity, flow rate, capillary vessel pressure, and retinal oxygen extraction, have been identified as crucial hemodynamic features for screening DR using computer-aided systems in artificial intelligence (AI). AI has the potential to assist physicians and ophthalmologists in developing new treatment options. In this review, we explore how OCTA has impacted the future of DR screening and early diagnosis. It also focuses on how analysis methods have evolved over time in clinical trials. The future of OCTA imaging and its continued use in AI-assisted analysis is promising and will undoubtedly enhance the clinical management of DR.
Sociodemographic profiles and organ damage accural in the Black Women’s Experience Living with Lupus study
Authors: Martz Connor D , Webb-Detiege Tamika , Danila Maria I , Chae David H
Published: December 2023

Objective

Black/African American women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experience greater organ damage and at younger ages than white women. The objective of this study was to advance research on SLE inequities by identifying sociodemographic risk profiles associated with organ damage accrual specifically among Black/African American women.

Methods

Latent profile analysis was conducted among 438 Black/African American women with SLE living in Atlanta, GA and enrolled in the Black Women’s Experiences Living with Lupus (BeWELL) Study (May 2015 to April 2017). Proportional hazard and Poisson regression models examined prospective associations between sociodemographic profiles and the timing and degree of organ damage accrual over 2 years.

Results

Four profiles emerged: (1) “Younger/Lower SES with Uncontrolled SLE” (44.8%), (2) “Older/Lower SES with Uncontrolled SLE” (23.3%), (3) “Mid-SES with Controlled SLE” (19.6%), and (4) “Higher SES with Controlled SLE” (11.2%). Approximately 42% of participants experienced new organ damage during the follow-up period. Proportional hazard models indicated that “Older/Lower SES with Uncontrolled SLE” participants were at greatest risk of new organ damage (HR = 2.41; 95% CI = 1.39, 4.19), followed by “Younger/Lower SES with Uncontrolled SLE” participants (HR = 1.56; 95% CI = 0.92, 2.67), compared to those in the “Higher SES with Controlled SLE” profile. Poisson regression models revealed that these two groups also exhibited greater organ damage accrual (b = 0.98, SE = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.52, 1.44 and b = 0.72, SE = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.27, 1.17, respectively).

Conclusions

Black/African American women with fewer socioeconomic resources and uncontrolled SLE are at greatest risk for increasing disease severity over time. Social inequities likely contribute to racial inequities in SLE progression.
Yeh Toh Ulto Hi Ho Gayo! Juxtaposing Educational Discourse on Forests and Conservation with Everyday Discourses of Adivasi Communities of Central India
Authors: Kawalkar Aisha , Srivastava Himanshu , Shevade Ruchi
Published: December 2023

Researchers often point out a wide rift between school culture and students’ home culture, especially for Adivasi students whose culture, language and knowledge systems are played down by the mainstream discourse. We believe that such deficit perspectives must be countered to work towards an equal and just society. For this purpose, in this study, we explored the funds of knowledge of Adivasi communities of Central India with regard to forests and conservation. We also examined school textbooks from the standpoint of these communities to understand how connected or disconnected they are to the life-worlds of Adivasi students. The study adopted a participatory design and drew upon the principles of critical ethnography. For data collection, we used a strategic combination of ethnographic observations, informal interactions, focus group discussions, personal interviews and field notes. The findings indicate a strong need for developing learning material that is contextually relevant, meaningful and transformative for students.
Children’s Elaborated Responses to Yes-No Questions in Forensic Interviews About Sexual Abuse
Authors: Szojka Zsofia A. , Lyon Thomas D.
Published: December 2023

Children tend to answer yes-no questions with unelaborated “yes” and “no” responses, but the types of details likely omitted from unelaborated answers have not been explored. This study examined 379 4- to 12-year-olds’ answers to yes-no questions in forensic interviews about CSA ( N = 11,187), focusing on age differences in elaborated responses. As expected, older children elaborated more frequently than younger children. Our novel categorization of elaboration types revealed that although there were no age differences in children’s use of nominal corrections (correcting a label), or in emphatic negations (giving forceful denials), older children were more likely to give narrative elaborations (providing additional narrative information), wh-elaborations (answering implicit wh-questions), and qualified elaborations (avoiding potentially misleading implications of unelaborated “yes” and “no” responses). The results suggest that children’s developing understanding of the implied meaning of questions and responses helps to explain age differences in elaborative responses to yes-no questions.
Safety outcomes of pembrolizumab with platinum agent chemotherapy combined with 5-fluorouracil or taxane derivative in head and neck cancer
Authors: Lee Benjamin , Chehab Sarah S , Fan Wenyi , Schell Michael J , Kirtane Kedar S , Shah Anand B
Published: December 2023

Introduction

For patients with metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC), the outcomes of pembrolizumab in combination with a platinum agent and taxane as first-line therapy remain unknown. The purpose of this study is to characterize the impact of substituting the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) backbone for a taxane in this chemoimmunotherapy regimen on safety/tolerability and survival outcomes.

Methods

This was an IRB-approved, single-center, retrospective, active comparator, new-user design study in adult patients with HNSCC treated between January 2018 and September 2021. The primary objective was to assess safety and tolerability of pembrolizumab in combination with a platinum agent and taxane against an active comparator arm of pembrolizumab in combination with a platinum agent and 5-FU. Safety and tolerability were evaluated by assessing differences in overall toxicities, with further secondary analysis evaluating differences in hematologic toxicities and pre-defined non-hematologic toxicities.

Results

There was no statistical difference demonstrated with the primary endpoint between the cohorts. Reduced toxicity rates were found in the taxane arm for mucositis and creatinine levels. No grade 4 non-hematologic toxicities were reported. Patients receiving 5-FU were more likely to have dose reductions upfront, discontinue treatment due to intolerances and had significantly higher mucositis.

Conclusions

This study helps to characterize the safety profile and activity of pembrolizumab in combination with a platinum agent and taxane derivative in HNSCC patients. Within our study, substitution of 5-FU with a taxane did not show an increased risk of toxicities, worsened survival, or decreased odds of achieving a response. Mucositis and elevated creatinine rates were significantly reduced within the taxane arm.
Torn between socio-political mandates and professional identity: Teachers’ collaborative reflection on their identity tensions
Authors: Tajeddin Zia , Alemi Minoo , Maleknia Zahra
Published: December 2023

Although the construction of language teacher professional identity is situated in a social, political, and ideological context, scant attention has been paid to tensions emerging from the nexus between identity construction and these contextual variables. To address this gap, this study drew on English language teachers’ collaborative reflection to provide an emic perspective on the role of the socio-cultural context in the formation of teachers’ professional identity. Eight novice and experienced English language teachers participated in two separate collaborative reflection panels (four teachers in each panel) to reflect on the role of the socio-cultural context in Iran in their professional identity construction and identity tensions. Analysis of teachers’ reflection showed that three sets of interrelated socio-cultural variables impacted the participants’ professional identity tensions: (1) macro state-level variables; (2) meso institutional-level variables; and (3) micro individual-level variables. The findings also indicated that the participating teachers took different positions to resolve the tensions they experienced between their personal ideologies and external expectations at these three levels. The main implication of this study is for institutional administrators and teacher educators to devise plans to lessen the degree of tensions that teachers might experience in their process of professional identity construction and to afford them the agency to resolve these tensions.
Religious migrant women as builders of the new ummah in the Netherlands: A belonging path for Muslims?
Authors: Yılmaz Zehra , Sönmez Pelin
Published: December 2023

This article examines the relationship between Islam and migrant Turkish and Syrian women living in the Netherlands and their patterns of belonging, while also questioning the dynamics of identity. It reveals that religious Muslim migrants tend to exhibit their Islamic identity as a salient identity with self-representation of being Muslims. This is seen through the new ummah concept and their demands for a Sharia Council. This new definition of the ummah is discussed in terms of the sense of belonging it brings, asserting that religion cannot always function as a means of resistance, in that the religiosity of Muslims in the Netherlands is not an attempt to exclude themselves from the system, but rather a means by which they can be part of it. The article reveals that the new definition of the ummah is highly driven by migrant religious women in the Netherlands, who resist both the traditionalist and institutional understanding of Islam, while also rejecting their national ties. They aspire to create an Islamic space ( dar’al Islam) for themselves within the ummah and seek to achieve this legally through a Sharia Council.
Economies of Difference and Identity-based Content on a Digital Platform: The Case Study of “Emily in Korea” on TikTok
Authors: Kim Dasol
Published: December 2023

This study presents a conceptualization of identity-based content creation in the digital sphere, examining the cases of two TikTok content creators, Amy and Erin, who leverage their identities to establish distinctive brands. Amy, a white American English teacher in Korea, highlights the differences between her and Korean society in her content about Korea, while Erin, a Korean American, critiques Amy’s content by emphasizing the distinction between her experience as an immigrant and Amy’s experience as a white American. The study explores how the emphasis on self-branding can obscure power dynamics and historical inequalities within identity-based content creation, which inherently reflects geopolitics and racial hierarchy. The research further examines how this type of content creation can serve as a space for the negotiation of power dynamics between dominant and non-dominant identities while also functioning as a means to build a self-brand in the digital content creation field.
Identifying TYMP as an Immune Prognostic Marker in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Shao-An , Zhang Jun-Peng , Wang Ning , Chen Ji
Published: December 2023

Background

In clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), only some patients can benefit from immunotherapy therapy, and it is urgent to find immune-related molecular markers and targets.

Methods

Thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP) expression level and predictive value in pan-cancers were analyzed using TIMER, GEPIA2, and The Human Protein Atlas. We obtained ccRCC tissues to verify the differential expression of TYMP and confirmed the biological function in vitro. Subsequently, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) are used to explore the potential mechanism of TYMP. Finally, TIMER was used to analyze the infiltration levels and prognostic value of different immune cells.

Results

TYMP is upregulated in various cancers, including ccRCC, and there is a certain degree of causality between high expression and poor prognosis in ccRCC. It was confirmed that TYMP knockdown could suppress cell aggressiveness, and cause cell death. Differential analysis showed that 55 differential genes were upregulated in the high-expression groups of TYMP. KEGG and GSEA analyses suggested that TYMP was linked to immune cell invasion, fatty acid metabolism, and P53 signaling pathway. Further investigation revealed that the expression level of TYMP linked positively to T-cell follicular helper and Tregs, but negatively with mast cell activation. Finally, a Nomogram was established on the base of expression level of TYMP and the clinical characteristics of ccRCC patients to predict prognosis.

Conclusions

Patient survival is poor and immune cell infiltration is abnormal when TYMP is highly expressed in ccRCC, suggesting that ccRCC patients could benefit from using TYMP as a molecular diagnostic and therapeutic target.
Treatment of coronavirus disease 2019-associated mucositis in adolescents: A case report and brief literature review
Authors: Boshra Mina , Ghazawi Feras M. , Liy-Wong Carmen
Published: December 2023

Reactive Infectious Mucocutaneous Eruption is an acute mucocutaneous inflammation secondary to an infection with minimal to absent cutaneous features that has recently been linked to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-19 (SARS-CoV-19 virus). Unfortunately, the relative rarity of case reports of Reactive Infectious Mucocutaneous Eruption in paediatric populations has led to fewer known successful treatment options with the current mainstay being systemic immunosuppression (e.g. corticosteroids, cyclosporine and etanercept). In this case report, we discuss a case of an adolescent patient with (polymerase chain reaction) PCR+ coronavirus disease 2019 infection and an oral eruption without cutaneous symptoms. He was treated successfully using a single dose of dexamethasone and supportive care through amorphous hydrogel (Intrasite gel), thus providing a safe, cheap and effective treatment option in mild coronavirus disease 2019-associated Reactive Infectious Mucocutaneous Eruption in paediatric patients. We also discuss the current findings, diagnostic terms and treatment options of mucosal manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 in children.
Effect of Economic Policy Uncertainty on China’s Stock Price Index: A Comprehensive Analysis Using Wavelet Coherence Approach
Authors: Bagh Tanveer , Waheed Abdul , Khan Muhammad Asif , Naseer Mirza Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Amid China’s dynamic economic backdrop, Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) and stock market indices hold pivotal roles, this research delves into EPU and its connection with the stock price index (SPI). By uncovering patterns linking these variables, the study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of their relationship. We employ wavelet coherence analysis and a phase difference approach to investigate EPU impact on China’s SPI from 2010 to 2020. Through this lens, the interactions between these economic variables are illuminated. Using wavelet coherence analysis, the temporal dynamics of EPU and SPI are explored. The phase difference approach further highlights the temporal alignment of fluctuations, capturing the intricate relationship. The analysis reveals compelling findings. A robust correlation between EPU and the SPI emerges, particularly at low frequencies, underscoring a substantive connection. The phase difference analysis indicates a positive influence of EPU on stock prices, highlighting its impact on SPI. Besides, implications imply EPU shapes stock market behavior, moving beyond mere correlation. A causal link is established, emphasizing EPU’s proactive role in influencing stock prices. Bidirectional causation underscores the interdependence of EPU and stock price movements. This research enhances understanding of EPU’s effects on stock prices in China. Finally, this study provides important implications for investors, policymakers, and businesses, guiding strategic decisions amid a dynamic economic landscape.
What Do We Know About Plastic Pollution in Coastal/Marine Tourism? Documenting Its Present Research Status from 1999 to 2022
Authors: Zhang Jiale , Quoquab Farzana , Mohammad Jihad
Published: December 2023

This study aims to present a comprehensive knowledge mapping of plastic pollution on coastal/marine tourism research. To achieve this objective, the present study employed a two-tier analysis, including a systematic review of literature and bibliometric analysis of 164 scholarly articles spanning 1999 to 2022. The results underline the multidisciplinary nature of this research domain, characterized by a significant upswing in publications. The dominant countries in this field are identified as Brazil, Australia, and the USA. A noteworthy collaboration dynamic between the Chinese Academy of Sciences, East China Normal University, and the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences has emerged, signaling opportunities for enhanced cross-border cooperation. Jambeck, who provided data support for this research field, is found as the most cited author. Marine Pollution Bulletin, Environmental Pollution, and Science of the Total Environment are the most prolific journals discussing such topics. The primary research clusters in this field include seasonal comparison, Qinghai Lake, and small plastic debris. Additionally, scholars have recently focused on new topics such as seasonal comparison, case study, spatial pattern, and the Southern Baltic Sea in the last 3 years. This research also reports 10 articles with the highest citations and 10 highly cited papers. Not only this, the present study presents the inaugural bibliometric analysis on plastic pollution in coastal and marine tourism. To the authors’ knowledge, it stands as a pioneering investigation of its nature, offering a comprehensive view on the research domain by evaluating a time span exceeding two decades, with a specific emphasis on the literature pertaining to marine tourism.
Survey of Guideline Compliance and Attitude Toward Symptom Management in Japanese Intensive Care Units
Authors: Yamada Shuhei , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Aikawa Gen , Naya Kazuaki
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Pain, Agitation, and Delirium in Adult Patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was revised in 2018 to include sleep disruption and immobility. Inadequate management of these symptoms can lead to negative consequences. A 2019 survey in Japan found that the guideline was recognized but needed to be consistently implemented.

Objective

This study aimed to examine compliance with the guideline for symptom management of pain, agitation, delirium, and sleep in Japanese ICUs.

Methods

This study included all ICUs in Japan and asked one representative from each unit to respond to the web survey from January 2022 to February 2022.

Results

Of a potential 643 units, 125 respondents from the ICU were included in the analysis (19.4% response rate). Compared to the guideline's recommendations, (a) pain assessment was performed in 86.3% of patients who could self-report, and in 72.0% of those who could not self-report; (b) agitation and sedation assessment was performed in 99% of patients; (c) only 66.1% of nurses reported assessing sleep quality on the units, and 9.1% performed the subjective sleep quality assessment; (d) the use of the recommended risk factor of the delirium assessment tool was low (9.6%). Additionally, according to the survey respondents, contrary to the guideline, many units administered medications to prevent and treat delirium, and approximately 30% used multiple non-drug interventions. The data are expressed as numbers and percentages. Some datasets were incomplete due to missing values.

Conclusion

Most units used drugs for delirium prevention and treatment, and only a few used non-drug interventions. There is a need to popularize the assessment of sleep and delirium risk factors and use non-drug interventions to promote patient-centered care in the future.
Constructing Innovation Culture for Low-middle Economies: A Systems Approach
Authors: Yap Reuel Joab C. , Hechanova Maria Regina M.
Published: December 2023

The objective of this study was to test a model on building a culture of innovation that best fits organisations from developing countries. It examined the roles of organisational strategy, leadership and support systems in building an innovation culture. Specifically, it used the open systems theory in examining the mediating role of support systems in the relationship between organisational strategy, leadership and innovation culture. This study utilised data surveyed from 671 employees from 23 different business organisations in the Philippines. Participants completed questionnaires that measured organisational strategy, leadership, support systems and innovation culture. Structural equation modelling (SEM) confirmed the hypothesis that support systems, leadership and organisational strategy predict an organisational innovation culture. Mediation analysis showed that support systems account for 38% of the impact of organisational strategy on the perceived innovation culture. It also showed that support systems account for 77% of the impact of leadership on the perceived innovation culture. The main contribution of this study was to present an innovation culture model suitable for developing countries at the same time showing how the relationships of the determinants of innovation culture predict innovation in an organisation. Specifically, it showed how support systems mediate between the relationships of organisational strategy, leadership and innovation.
Urban dispersion indicator to assess the Italian settlement pattern
Authors: Saganeiti Lucia , Fiorini Lorena , Zullo Francesco , Murgante Beniamino
Published: December 2023

The 2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP27) reaffirmed the most urgent need to build actions to accelerate the restoration of policies to arrest and reverse the loss of natural ecosystems by 2030 and move towards full ecosystem recovery by 2050. Land take is a significant source of emissions and contributes to global warming and biodiversity loss in natural ecosystems. Consequently, it is crucial to act on it by investigating the phenomenon quantitatively and formally, thus contributing to the goal of zero net land take. In recent years, land take worldwide has become massive, leading in some cases to forming compact, high-density urban settlements. In other cases, it has led to dispersed, low-density urban settlements. The basic assumption underlying this research is that a compact context is more sustainable (environmentally, economically, and socially) than a dispersed urban one. Consequently, this research aims to investigate the evolution of land take from the point of view of the pattern of urban settlements and their dispersion over the Italian territory. The spatial configuration of the Italian settlement pattern at the regional and provincial level was analyzed through a Spatio-temporal analysis of the global Moran index and other quantitative variables. The results provide, for each territory, a reading of the main expansion dynamics that occurred from the ‘50s to nowadays: compact city, urban sprawl, or urban sprinkling.
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Burnout Inventory in University Teachers in Hybrid Education
Authors: Deroncele-Acosta Angel , Gil-Monte Pedro R. , Norabuena-Figueroa Roger P. , Gil-LaOrden Pedro
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The scientific literature argues the urgent need for adequate tools to assess burnout in human service professionals, however, little progress has been made on this in university teachers in hybrid environments, even though after the pandemic, these work scenarios are predominant.

Objective

To determine the psychometric properties of invariance between male and female teachers of hybrid education in the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI).

Method

The anonymous, self-administered SBI was administered to 1060 university teachers in Lima, Peru, from online random sampling. Of the total number of participants, 626 were women (59.1%) and 434 were men (40.9%), with an age range of 22 to 76 years, with a mean of 46.97 and a standard deviation of 10.256. It should be noted that 74.5% of the teachers worked full time. The analysis used the statistical programs AMOS v24, SPSS v26 and R-Project v4.1.2. First, a descriptive analysis of the data was performed, as well as a multivariate normality test of the data. Secondly, confirmatory factor analysis was performed; finally, a factorial invariance test was performed.

Results

Cronbach's alpha of the SBI was 0.827, and for each subscale: Enthusiasm toward the job (0.742), Psychological exhaustion (0.889), Indolence (0.819), Guilt (0.816). According to the fit indicators, the confirmatory factor model is adequate. The results supported configural invariance, metric invariance, scalar invariance, and strict invariance in the male and female groups, although further investigation of some items specific to the indolence factor is needed.

Conclusion

The SBI is a valid instrument to assess burnout in university teachers in hybrid environments. Studies associated with the SBI focus on its psychometric properties, burnout prevalence, related variables, and literature reviews. The validation of the SBI in various countries and service areas is discussed, as well as future implications for intervention in burnout prevention and mastery.
CSF1R inhibition promotes neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits during graft-versus-host disease in mice
Authors: Adams Rachael C. , Carter-Cusack Dylan , Llanes Genesis T. , Hunter Christopher R. , Vinnakota Janaki Manoja , Ruitenberg Marc J. , Vukovic Jana , Bertolino Patrick , Chand Kirat K. , Wixey Julie A. , Nayler Samuel P. , Hill Geoffrey R. , Furlan Scott N. , Zeiser Robert , MacDonald Kelli P. A.
Published: December 2023

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a significant complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is becoming increasingly recognized, in which brain-infiltrating donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II+ bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDM) drive pathology. BMDM are also mediators of cutaneous and pulmonary cGVHD, and clinical trials assessing the efficacy of antibody blockade of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) to deplete macrophages are promising. We hypothesized that CSF1R antibody blockade may also be a useful strategy to prevent/treat CNS cGVHD. Increased blood-brain barrier permeability during acute GVHD (aGVHD) facilitated CNS antibody access and microglia depletion by anti-CSF1R treatment. However, CSF1R blockade early after transplant unexpectedly exacerbated aGVHD neuroinflammation. In established cGVHD, vascular changes and anti-CSF1R efficacy were more limited. Anti-CSF1R–treated mice retained donor BMDM, activated microglia, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, and local cytokine expression in the brain. These findings were recapitulated in GVHD recipients, in which CSF1R was conditionally depleted in donor CX3CR1+ BMDM. Notably, inhibition of CSF1R signaling after transplant failed to reverse GVHD-induced behavioral changes. Moreover, we observed aberrant behavior in non-GVHD control recipients administered anti-CSF1R blocking antibody and naïve mice lacking CSF1R in CX3CR1+ cells, revealing a novel role for homeostatic microglia and indicating that ongoing clinical trials of CSF1R inhibition should assess neurological adverse events in patients. In contrast, transfer of Ifngr–/– grafts could reduce MHC class II+ BMDM infiltration, resulting in improved neurocognitive function. Our findings highlight unexpected neurological immune toxicity during CSF1R blockade and provide alternative targets for the treatment of cGVHD within the CNS.
Loss of CD20 expression as a mechanism of resistance to mosunetuzumab in relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Schuster Stephen J. , Huw Ling-Yuh , Bolen Christopher R. , Maximov Victor , Polson Andrew G. , Hatzi Katerina , Lasater Elisabeth A. , Assouline Sarit E. , Bartlett Nancy L. , Budde L. Elizabeth , Matasar Matthew J. , Koeppen Hartmut , Piccione Emily C. , Wilson Deanna , Wei Michael C. , Yin Shen , Penuel Elicia
Published: December 2023

CD20 is an established therapeutic target in B-cell malignancies. The CD20 × CD3 bispecific antibody mosunetuzumab has significant efficacy in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). Because target antigen loss is a recognized mechanism of resistance, we evaluated CD20 expression relative to clinical response in patients with relapsed and/or refractory NHL in the phase 1/2 GO29781 trial investigating mosunetuzumab monotherapy. CD20 was studied using immunohistochemistry (IHC), RNA sequencing, and whole-exome sequencing performed centrally in biopsy specimens collected before treatment at predose, during treatment, or upon progression. Before treatment, most patients exhibited a high proportion of tumor cells expressing CD20; however, in 16 of 293 patients (5.5%) the proportion was <10%. Analyses of paired biopsy specimens from patients on treatment revealed that CD20 levels were maintained in 29 of 30 patients (97%) vs at progression, where CD20 loss was observed in 11 of 32 patients (34%). Reduced transcription or acquisition of truncating mutations explained most but not all cases of CD20 loss. In vitro modeling confirmed the effects of CD20 variants identified in clinical samples on reduction of CD20 expression and missense mutations in the extracellular domain that could block mosunetuzumab binding. This study expands the knowledge about the occurrence of target antigen loss after anti-CD20 therapeutics to include CD20-targeting bispecific antibodies and elucidates mechanisms of reduced CD20 expression at disease progression that may be generalizable to other anti-CD20 targeting agents. These results also confirm the utility of readily available IHC staining for CD20 as a tool to inform clinical decisions. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT02500407.
Ongoing production of tissue-resident macrophages from hematopoietic stem cells in healthy adult macaques
Authors: Rahmberg Andrew R. , Wu Chuanfeng , Shin Taehoon , Hong So Gun , Pei Luxin , Markowitz Tovah E. , Hickman Heather D. , Dunbar Cynthia E. , Brenchley Jason M.
Published: December 2023

Macrophages orchestrate tissue immunity from the initiation and resolution of antimicrobial immune responses to the repair of damaged tissue. Murine studies demonstrate that tissue-resident macrophages are a heterogenous mixture of yolk sac–derived cells that populate the tissue before birth, and bone marrow–derived replacements recruited in adult tissues at steady-state and in increased numbers in response to tissue damage or infection. How this translates to species that are constantly under immunologic challenge, such as humans, is unknown. To understand the ontogeny and longevity of tissue-resident macrophages in nonhuman primates (NHPs), we use a model of autologous hematopoietic stem progenitor cell (HSPC) transplantation with HSPCs genetically modified to be marked with clonal barcodes, allowing for subsequent analysis of clonal ontogeny. We study the contribution of HSPCs to tissue macrophages, their clonotypic profiles relative to leukocyte subsets in the peripheral blood, and their transcriptomic and epigenetic landscapes. We find that HSPCs contribute to tissue-resident macrophage populations in all anatomic sites studied. Macrophage clonotypic profiles are dynamic and overlap significantly with the clonal hierarchy of contemporaneous peripheral blood monocytes. Epigenetic and transcriptomic landscapes of HSPC-derived macrophages are similar to tissue macrophages isolated from NHPs that did not undergo transplantation. We also use in vivo bromodeoxyuridine infusions to monitor tissue macrophage turnover in NHPs that did not undergo transplantation and find evidence for macrophage turnover at steady state. These data demonstrate that the life span of most tissue-resident macrophages is limited and can be replenished continuously from HSPCs.
Molecular bases for strong phenotypic effects of single synonymous codon substitutions in the E. coli ccdB toxin gene
Authors: Bajaj Priyanka , Bhasin Munmun , Varadarajan Raghavan
Published: December 2023

Background

Single synonymous codon mutations typically have only minor or no effects on gene function. Here, we estimate the effects on cell growth of ~ 200 single synonymous codon mutations in an operonic context by mutating almost all positions of ccdB, the 101-residue long cytotoxin of the ccdAB Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) operon to most degenerate codons. Phenotypes were assayed by transforming the mutant library into CcdB sensitive and resistant E. coli strains, isolating plasmid pools, and subjecting them to deep sequencing. Since autoregulation is a hallmark of TA operons, phenotypes obtained for ccdB synonymous mutants after transformation in a RelE toxin reporter strain followed by deep sequencing provided information on the amount of CcdAB complex formed.

Results

Synonymous mutations in the N-terminal region involved in translation initiation showed the strongest non-neutral phenotypic effects. We observe an interplay of numerous factors, namely, location of the codon, codon usage, t-RNA abundance, formation of anti-Shine Dalgarno sequences, predicted transcript secondary structure, and evolutionary conservation in determining phenotypic effects of ccdB synonymous mutations. Incorporation of an N-terminal, hyperactive synonymous mutation, in the background of the single synonymous codon mutant library sufficiently increased translation initiation, such that mutational effects on either folding or termination of translation became more apparent. Introduction of putative pause sites not only affects the translational rate, but might also alter the folding kinetics of the protein in vivo.

Conclusion

In summary, the study provides novel insights into diverse mechanisms by which synonymous mutations modulate gene function. This information is useful in optimizing heterologous gene expression in E. coli and understanding the molecular bases for alteration in gene expression that arise due to synonymous mutations.