bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gente alta é parente do tuiuiú, baixa é da anta: alteridades antropomórficas
Authors: Regina Adriana Werneck
Published: November 2017

RESUMOSão partilhadas reflexões acerca de uma pesquisa sobre quais as qualidades são destacadas pelas pessoas panará quando se reconhece o estatuto de sujeito dos humanos e não humanos. A partir de narrativas da origem da mulher e das práticas sociais a elas conectadas, é explicitado que a condição de humanidade é incompleta para abarcar a identificação de uma subjetividade. O que é associado à animalidade parece ser incluído na configuração de pessoa, incidindo nas formas corporais humana e animal do mesmo sujeito ou de pessoas que dele descenderam. Tornar inteligível a afirmativa de que gente alta descende de jaburu e baixa de anta entremeia o texto, contornando um antromorfismo heterogêneo e sugerindo que o comum entre humano e não humano inclui aspectos físicos, afetivos e performáticos. A relação entre alimento, divisão e multiplicação com o corpo é enfática e problematizada, paralelamente. Palavras-chave: Panará. Jê. Corpo. Humano. Não Humano. ABSTRACT Reflections are shared about a research on what qualities are highlighted by people Panará when it recognizes the status of subject of human and non human. From narratives of women's origin and social practices connected to them, it is explained that the human condition is incomplete to include the identification of a subjectivity. What is associated with animality seems to be included in one configuration, focusing the human body shapes and animals of the same subject or who it descended. Make intelligible the assertion that high people descended from jaburu and low tapir intersperses text, bypassing a heterogeneous anthropomorphism and suggesting that the common between human and non human includes physical, emotional and performative. The relationship between food, divide and multiply in the body is emphatic and problematized in parallel. Keywords: Panará. Gê. Body. Human. Not human.
CURY, Marília Xavier (org.). 2016. Museus e indígenas: saberes e ética, novos paradigmas em debate. São Paulo: Secretaria da Cultura: ACAM Portinari; Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da Universidade Estadual de São Paulo. 169pp.
Authors: Pereira Amanda Villa
Published: November 2017

Resenha da obra.
Um Brasil para todos os brasileiros. Homenagem aos vinte anos da Marcha Nacional dos Sem-Terra
Authors: Chaves Christine De Alencar
Published: November 2017

O ensaio consiste na memória de importante evento político do período recente do país, a Marcha Nacional por Reforma Agrária, Emprego e Justiça, protagonizada pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra/MST, em 1997. Numa caminhada de dois meses, os trabalhadores rurais sem-terra lograram galvanizar a opinião pública nacional e problematizar importantes temas da cidadania, como o direito à terra, ao emprego, à justiça e à vida, colocando em questão a desigualdade social e o modelo de desenvolvimento do país. A apresentação fotográfica e textual focaliza o dia a dia dessa experiência social ímpar, buscando ressaltar as dimensões sensoriais e emocionais do fenômeno de multidão que foi a Marcha Nacional.
Electrochemical behavior of electrodeposited Pd and PdNi coatings for the ethanol oxidation reaction in alkaline solution
Authors: Lović Jelena Dušan , Jović Vladimir
Published: November 2017

Electrodeposited Pd and PdNi coating samples were tested for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in alkaline solution using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometric (CA) and quasi steady state measurements. All alloy samples showed higher current densities for the EOR than pure Pd coating. The current density increased with increasing the amount of Pd in the PdNi coating and the most active one was found to be Pd0.74Ni0.26. Based on CA measurements a pseudo-steady state is achieved after 1500 s showing that Pd0.74Ni0.26 is more efficient and poisoning more tolerant than other investigated coatings. Upon the end of the current-time transient, the investigated catalysts were subjected to the potential cycling showing the ability to recover activity loss implying the surface composition stability of  binary coatings
Estimation of dynamic performances of the safe operation of high-speed electric train
Authors: Domin Rostyslav , Domin Iurii , Cherniak Ganna
Published: November 2017

The process of implementation of new developments, in particular, new generation rolling stock holds a prominent place among the range of measures for organization of high-speed passenger rail transportation in Ukraine. The example of permission for use and the initial phase of work with interregional NRCS2 dual-mode electric trains produced by Hyundai-Rotem Corporation is the illustrative one in this context. Due to the detection of macro-cracks in bolster beams of the car body frames of these electric trains, namely in the areas of mounting of anti-yaw dampers, these trains were taken out of service until the completion of the modernization of problematic nodes. The comprehensive study on the determination of the safety parameters of electric trains was conducted to determine the causes of destruction of bolster beams. At the same time, bolster beams loading was estimated depending on the characteristics of anti-yaw dampers by means of computer simulation of the dynamics of motion of trailing and motor cars. The feasibility of selection of parameters for anti-yaw dampers mounted on electric train cars was assessed. The results of work will improve the safe operation of high-speed trains and increase the efficiency of estimates regarding the loading of bearing structures of underframes of the of rolling stock.
Modelling the public transport capacity constraints’ impact on passenger path choices in transit assignment models
Authors: Drabicki Arkadiusz , Kucharski Rafał , Szarata Andrzej
Published: November 2017

The objective of this paper is to discuss the replication of passenger congestion (overcrowding) effects on output path choices in public transport assignment models. Based on a comprehensive literature review, the impact of passenger overcrowding effects was summarised in 3 main categories: the inclusion of physical capacity constraints (limits); the feedback effect between transport demand and supply performance; and the feedback effect on travel cost (discomfort penalty). Further on, sample case studies are presented, which prove that the inclusion of capacity constraints might significantly influence the assignment output and overall results in public transport projects’ assessment – yet most state-of-the-practice assignment models would either miss or neglect these overcrowding-induced phenomena. In a classical 4-step demand model, their impact on passengers’ travelling strategies is often limited to path (route) choice stage, while in reality they also have far-reaching implications for modal choices, temporal choices and long-term demand adaptation processes. This notion has been investigated in numerous research works, leading to different assignment approaches to account for impact of public transport capacity constraints – a simplified, implicit approach (implemented in macroscopic-based models, e.g. PTV VISUM), and a more complex, explicit approach (incorporated in mesoscopic-based models, e.g. BusMezzo). In the simulation part of this paper, sample tests performed on a small-scale network aim to provide a general comparison between these two approaches and arising differences in the assignment output. The implicit approach reveals some differences in assignment output once network capacity constraints are accounted for – though in a simplified manner, and producing somewhat ambiguous output (e.g. in higher congestion scenarios). The explicit approach provides a more accurate representation of overcrowding-induced phenomena - especially the evolving demand-supply interactions in the event of arising congestion in the public transport network. Further studies should involve tests on a city-scale, multimodal transport model, as well as empirical model validation, in order to fully assess the effectiveness of these distinct assignment approaches. - The paper discusses the inclusion of overcrowding effects on path choices in public transport assignment models - These can be grouped into 3 main categories: physical constraints, demand-supply feedback and path discomfort cost - Sample case studies show that their inclusion may substantially affect the assignment output - Two general methods of modelling capacity constraints are: the implicit and explicit approach - An illustrative example shows that both approaches produce different output with the explicit one being more specific and adequate
Enseñanza orientada a la acción: propuestas de la Cátedra UNESCO de Arquitectura de Tierra, Culturas Constructivas y Desarrollo Sostenible UNITWIN/UPV
Authors: Mileto Camilla , Vegas Fernando , Cristini Valentina , García Soriano Lidia
Published: November 2017

En el marco de las propuestas de formación y difusión, promovidas por la Cátedra UNESCO de Arquitectura de Tierra UNITWIN/UPV, vinculada a la Universitat Politècnica de València, destacan los talleres teórico-prácticos constructivos llevados a cabo.
Estas actividades, junto con ciclos de conferencias académicas, constituyen el eje vertebrador de la labor de la Cátedra, centrada en la arquitectura de tierra, las culturas constructivas y el desarrollo sostenible. A continuación se detallan los pormenores de estos talleres, analizando el enfoque metodológico, los objetivos de aprendizaje y los contenidos a desarrollar, así como las
características y los detalles de los diferentes módulos didácticos.
Se trata de un abanico variado de actividades, basadas en metodologías activas de aprendizaje, orientadas a labores de análisis y reflexión conjunta, tanto de los
docentes como de los alumnos y profesionales, sobre la arquitectura de tierra, su vigencia histórica y su potencial contemporáneo.

Within the framework of UNESCO Spanish Chair “Earthen architecture, building cultures and sustainable development” based in Valencia, at Universitat Politècnica Campus, the authors have carried out a series of educational activities to disseminate a scientific and technical know-how on earthen architecture. The aims of all these actions, thanks to a wide range of communicative and didactical approaches, have been focused on training
programs above all for university community, concerning earthen architecture, building cultures and sustainable development. On this basis the text explains details about workshops, methodological approaches, learning aims, contents and didactic modules. A wide range of activities, based on active learning methodologies is presented, with the purpose to underline the features of earthen architecture and its traditional or contemporary potential use.
Propedeutic course for a Master on Technology in Architecture
Authors: Roset Calzada Jaime , Rojas Gilkauris , Rybka Adam
Published: November 2017

Masters dealing on Technology have an important problem in the usual case of students coming from very different countries. Due to the important dispersion on how to teach technological contents for architects, very different initial levels are found. Any decision you take as a teacher will provoke either bored students or stressed students. It is likely that both types of students appear to be frustrated.
The aim of this work is to propose a PROPEDEUTIC MASTER matter to be passed for “new in the topic” candidates to attain main core of the master studies.
A minimum time of 5 ECTS is proposed corresponding to 50 hours in the classroom and 75 hours work by the student. Impartation is proposed 2 weeks before the starting of the “main core” matters. As the syllabus is referred to, five 10 hours lectures packages are proposed: Mathematics. Statics, Environmental Physics, Drawing, Philosophy of science.
Los canales de depuración: la organización de la arquitectura online en tareas de investigación
Authors: Blanco Agüeira Silvia
Published: November 2017

El dominio de las fuentes y recursos necesarios para el acceso a la información, en especial, aquella disponible en la red, resulta fundamental en el trabajo de investigación sobre arquitectura. Conociendo diversos canales de depuración, los estudiantes pueden organizar de manera autónoma la descomunal cantidad de datos presente en Internet, depurar los contenidos y compartirlos, evitando la excesiva dependencia de conocidos motores de búsqueda. Se pretende así que
cada alumno, en sus tareas de investigación, aprenda a familiarizarse con un escenario de trabajo cada vez más abierto y flexible. En definitiva, se trata de que incorpore el aprendizaje de la tecnología como elemento indispensable y horizontal de su formación, alejándose de la rutina y de unos modelos de uso completamente desfasados.

The domain of the resources and tools to access information, especially that available on the net, is a key question for researchers in architecture. Using visual and collaborative curation tools, the students are able to organize the huge amount of data from the Internet. Moreover, they can drag and collect digital objects, filter web contents and results, avoiding over-reliance on popular search engines. The aim is to enable the students to acquaint an increasingly flexible and open work environment. To sum up, it is important to incorporate technology, digital tools and online learning activities as essential elements of their training in order to banish completely outdated routines and uses.
X-ing disciplines from architecture: the case of Aalto Arts
Authors: Ahlava Antti , Nieto Fernando
Published: November 2017

In the last years, the new notions of architecture and the new roles of architects have caused strong changes regarding architectural education. These changes are demanding a user-driven strategy more focused on human experiences and a holistic view of the discipline. This strategy entails the restructuration of architectural studies, requiring interdisciplinary action with other agents such as engineers, economists or designers.
The School of Arts, Design and Architecture at Aalto University (Aalto ARTS) has been aiming since 2010 to blur the boundaries between studies and professional
practice, encouraging the search of a new type of professional who is belated student and newcomer worker at the same time. Multidisciplinary co-working spaces at university premises act as incubators, sheltering experienced students and young professionals. The article aims to explain this situation, focusing on the Department of Architecture and the role of Group X, an academic group, which stimulates collaboration between disciplines.

En los últimos años, las nuevas nociones de arquitectura y el papel de los arquitectos han supuesto fuertes cambios respecto a la educación en arquitectura. Estos cambios demandan una estrategia orientada hacia el usuario
más centrada en las experiencias humanas y en una visión integral de la disciplina. Esta estrategia implica la reestructuración de los estudios de arquitectura, lo que requiere una acción interdisciplinaria con otros agentes tales como ingenieros, economistas o diseñadores.
La Escuela de Arte, Diseño y Arquitectura de la Universidad Aalto (Aalto ARTS) impulsa desde 2010 desdibujar los límites entre los estudios y la práctica
profesional, fomentando la búsqueda de un nuevo tipo de profesional que es estudiante tardío y trabajador novel al mismo tiempo. Espacios multidisciplinares de trabajo colaborativo en la universidad actúan como, albergando estudiantes experimentados y jóvenes profesionales. El artículo pretende explicar esta situación, centrándose en el Departamento de Arquitectura y el papel del Grupo
X, un grupo académico que potencia la colaboración entre disciplinas.
La práctica profesional del arquitecto y su formación en la sociedad actual
Authors: Masdéu Bernat Marta
Published: November 2017

La presente comunicación forma parte de la tesis doctoral ‘La enseñanza de la arquitectura en la era de la información: un nuevo modelo pedagógico de taller
para nuevos profesionales’. El objetivo de la tesis consiste en identificar y analizar los cambios que está experimentando actualmente el modelo tradicional
de Taller de Arquitectura a raíz de la integración de las nuevas formas de práctica profesional y de la implementación de varios enfoques pedagógicos
(Aprendizaje a Distancia, Aprendizaje Combinado y Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas) en la formación de los arquitectos.
En esta comunicación se abordan algunas de las tendencias que actualmente se perciben en la práctica profesional y su impacto en la enseñanza de la
arquitectura. En particular se analiza la evolución del modelo tradicional de Taller de Arquitectura hacia nuevos tipos de espacios de aprendizaje más interdisciplinares, interdependientes e interconectados. Por último también se
formulan algunas hipótesis sobre su futuro.

This paper is part of the doctoral thesis ‘The Teaching of Architecture in the Information Age: A New Pedagogical Model of the Design Studio for New Professionals’. The aim of the thesis is to identify and to analyze the changes
that are currently taking place in the traditional model of the Design Studio as a result of the integration of new forms of professional practice and the implementation of various pedagogical approaches (Distance Learning, Blended Learning and Problem-Based Learning) in the training of architects.
This paper focuses on some of the driving factors that are currently present in the professional practice and their impact on the teaching of architecture. Especially it analyzes the evolution of the traditional model of the Design Studio to new types of learning spaces that are more interdisciplinary, interdependent and interconnected. Finally, some hypotheses about its future are also formulated.
Introducción a la Arquitectura: dando forma al primer contacto
Authors: Alonso Pereira José Ramón , Abelleira Doldán Miguel , Caridad Graña Juan A , Blanco Lorenzo Enrique M , Río Vázquez Antonio S
Published: November 2017

Introduction to Architecture is a subject taught in the School of Architecture of the University of A Coruña. It is intended to start the trainign of future professionals attending, from the the first course, to the tripple thoughtful, designed and
constructive support of the architectural fact. With the Bologna Process, the subject became the initiatory place of the discipline, a sort of "first contact". The uniqueness of this fact, together with other circumstances, such as the recent
introduction of teaching in English or conducting practices in a non-contact manner has led to the need of incorporating new technologies as means of control, mentoring and monitoring tasks and enhancement of teacher-student relationship
inside the subject. Within this approach it has generated a central tool that serves as a gateway and communication of the subject: the website iala.udc.es.

Introducción a la Arquitectura es una asignatura que se imparte en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de la Universidade da Coruña. En ella se pretende iniciar la formación del futuro profesional atendiendo, desde el primer
curso, al triple soporte reflexivo, proyectivo y constructivo del hecho arquitectónico. Con el Proceso de Bolonia, la asignatura se convirtió en el lugar iniciático de la disciplina, en una suerte de «primer contacto». La singularidad de este hecho, sumado a otras circunstancias, como la reciente introducción de la docencia en inglés o la realización de las prácticas de manera no presencial, ha conducido a la necesidad de incorporar las nuevas tecnologías como modo de control, tutorización y seguimiento de tareas y potenciación de la relación profesor-alumno dentro de la asignatura. Dentro de este planteamiento se ha generado una herramienta nuclear que sirve de portal de acceso y comunicación de la asignatura: la web iala.udc.es.
Innovación en el aprendizaje arquitectónico de lo inútil, especulacciones: taller de acciones ligadas al proyectar
Authors: Amann y Alcocer Atxu
Published: November 2017

Workshops, as learning public spaces, are no longer the context to produce objects, but the space_time for actions and abstraction processes beyond any utilitarian purpose that keeps hidden from innovation indicators. In the architectural
workshop, teaching practice is not understood as a simulation, but as a real architectural process and a political practice. Specul-actions is the preparatory workshop in strategic actions related to project where students get involved in processes that foster knowledge attitudes in transversal and interdisciplinary ways with a flexible and experiencing pedagogic system. Through strategically designed short actions, students are expected to develop their capacities to become free by mean of the destruction of the collective imaginary, once questioned the daily fundaments through defamiliarization exercises.

En una época marcada por la eficiencia, no hay mayor rebeldía que la inutilidad. El taller, como espacio público del aprendizaje, ha dejado de ser únicamente el espacio de producción de bienes para transformarse en el espacio-tiempo de innovación y producción de acciones y abstracciones ajenas a cualquier finalidad utilitarista, y que por tanto permanecen ocultos a los indicadores de innovación y por tanto a las políticas públicas. En el taller, la práctica docente es entendida en sí misma como práctica política y arquitectónica, y no como simulacro. Especulacciones es un taller propedéutico de acciones estratégicas vinculadas al proyectar impartido en el grado de Fundamentos de la ETSAM desde 2010 ; implica un modelo pedagógico flexible y experimental que a través de acciones estratégicas de corta duración, busca generar en los alumnos la capacidad para ser libres, destruyendo el imaginario colectivo, cuestionando los fundamentos cotidianos desde arriesgados procedimientos de extrañamiento.
Tecnología de la invención: hacia una nueva tradición
Authors: Garcia-Cors Josep
Published: November 2017

Question: When the tools supplied by tradition are no longer useful to respond to new needs and new possibilities, is there a methodology to enables us to expand the imagination of architecture?
Framework or theoretical perspective assumed: There has been an industrial revolution that has brought: new ways of living, new habits (needs); and new materials and systems (possibilities). We are now in an equivalent situation. Energy and environmental management to population growth, with new needs.
Methodology: Analysis of the internal formal structure of the actions of inhabiting, inventing and playing.
Thesis: I argue that playing is a self generative and autonomous system of creating and destroying habits. And also that habits are the architecture’s raw material.

Pregunta : Cuando las herramientas que suministra la tradición dejan de ser útiles para dar respuesta a las nuevas necesidades y a las nuevas posibilidades, ¿hay alguna metodología que permita ampliar el imaginario de la arquitectura?
Marco o perspectiva teórica asumida : Ha habido una revolución industrial que ha aportado nuevas formas de vivir, nuevos hábitos (necesidades) y nuevos materiales y sistemas (posibilidades). Ahora estamos en una situación equivalente: la gestión energética y del medio ambiente ante un crecimiento demográfico con nuevas necesidades y posibilidades.
Metodología empleada : Análisis de la estructura formal interna de las acciones del habitar, del inventar y del jugar.
Tesis :Defiendo que jugar es un sistema autogenerativo y autónomo que permite crear y destruir hábitos. Y que los hábitos son la materia prima de la arquitectura.
La auto-conciencia del proceso proyectual como herramienta de enseñanza-aprendizaje
Authors: Linares de la Torre Óscar
Published: November 2017

The following paper shows the needing to potentiate the process aspect at the Design Studios, where the result of the project gets the highest value and the process followed by its author seems to have no any importance. The finding that
an important part of the creative process is produced in the field of awareness means that this can be observed and modified. Here are presented two teaching activities rehearsed by the author during his teaching activity, to ensure that
students register first and later analyze their own design process. The main objective of these activities is to transform the student into an autonomous architect, able to evaluate his own work and able to learn from himself.

El presente artículo expone la necesidad de potenciar la vertiente procesual en las asignaturas de Proyectos Arquitectónicos, en las que se valora más el resultado del ejercicio que el proceso proyectual seguido por su autor. El descubrimiento de que una parte importante del proceso creativo se produce en el ámbito de lo consciente y que, por tanto, es observable, abre la posibilidad de incidir sobre determinados momentos de dicho proceso. Se expone aquí la metodología propuesta para la realización de dos actividades docentes ensayadas por el autor, destinadas a registrar primero y analizar después el proceso de proyecto propio y ajeno. El principal objetivo de estas actividades docentes es que el alumno se convierta en un arquitecto autónomo, capaz de criticarse su propio trabajo y de aprender de sí mismo.
¿Peligra la escultura del Peine del Viento por la fuerza del oleaje que lo azota? Diseño de un ABP orientado al aprendizaje activo en la formación de Arquitectos Técnicos
Authors: Marieta Cristina , Retegi Aloña , Leon Íñigo
Published: November 2017

In this communication, the design of a PBL, Problem Based Learning, for the teaching of physical and mechanical properties of materials in the subject of Fundamentals of Materials I for a degree in Technical Arquitecture is presented.
This new methodology of teaching orientated to the active learning was implemented in the academic course 2012/13. On the basis of the results obtained in the exams, we can confirm that the methodology is suitable and positive for the
acquisition of the results of learning proposed for the subject.

En esta comunicación, se presenta el diseño de un ABP, aprendizaje basado en problemas, para la enseñanza de las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de los materiales en la asignatura de Fundamentos de Materiales I del grado de
Arquitectura Técnica. Esta nueva metodología de enseñanza orientada al aprendizaje activo se implementó en el curso académico 2012/13, y en base a los resultados obtenidos en los exámenes parciales, se puede confirmar que la
metodología resulta adecuada y positiva para la adquisición de los resultados de aprendizaje propuestos para la asignatura.
Doble ciego: la limitación en el aprendizaje del proyecto
Authors: Peñín Llobell Alberto , Partida Muñoz Mara Gabriela
Published: November 2017

If the Kyudo masters ignore the target centring their attention in the handling of the arch or in the archer concentration, the complexity of the design learning process in architecture invites to put ahead what informs it before its result. In the design discipline, many variables come to its origin, being the site, the program and the construction, three of its fundamental vertexes. This text will present some pedagogic strategies that will share the limitation as a learning procedure. The synthesis exercise that the design in architecture requires, doesn’t presuppose the deep understanding of those items, neither puts in doubt the set of those proposed in traditional programs for students. The necessary task of synthesis doesn’t put in question the ingredients that handles, nor goes deep on those. For all that we’ll try to show how blinding temporary one part of reality, allows a better learning to operate on it.

Si los maestros del Kyudo ignoraban la diana centrándose en el manejo del arco o en la concentración del tirador, la complejidad del aprendizaje del proyecto arquitectónico invita a priorizar todo aquello que lo informa frente a su resultado. En la disciplina del proyecto, son muchas las variables que convergen en su génesis; el emplazamiento, el programa, y la construcción son tres de sus vértices fundamentales. El texto presentará determinadas estrategias docentes que coincidirán en emplear la limitación como procedimiento de aprendizaje. El ejercicio de síntesis que el proyecto arquitectónico requiere, no presupone el conocimiento profundo de las variables, ni tampoco cuestiona el conjunto de las mismas que proponen los enunciados tradicionales. La necesaria labor de síntesis no cuestiona per sé los ingredientes que maneja, ni profundiza en ellos. Por ello trataremos de mostrar cómo cegar temporalmente una parte de la realidad facilita un mejor aprendizaje para operar en ella.
Afición, necesidad, orden
Authors: Segui-Buenaventura Uriel , Calle-García Alejandro
Published: November 2017

What is teaching for? Is it possible to learn? Do we learn by pleasure or by need?
As time passes we waste more time trying to organize the way we teach, using new technologies, justifying what we do, but the structure of the stydy plans keeps the same.
What’s the point of teaching what does not want to be learned? Is it possible to learn what we don’t need?
This questions should not be understood as an argument for the petty “learning practical things”, but a proposal for universities to be able to show student the need of knowledge, of doing that which will make them happy architects.
Is a necessity to have suffered learning mathematics, structures, projects or design? No. And doing so will be counterproductive while, once the exam passed, the importance of what has been left behind is ignored.

¿De qué sirve enseñar? ¿Es posible aprender? ¿Estudiamos por gusto, o por necesidad?
Cada vez gastamos más tiempo tratando de organizar la enseñanza, de introducir nuevas tecnologías o de justificar lo realizado, pero la estructura de los planes de estudios es inmutable.
¿Tiene sentido enseñar lo que no se quiere aprender? o dicho de otra manera ¿es posible aprender aquello de lo que no se tiene necesidad?
No defendemos la frase, mezquina y limitadora que dice: "hay que enseñar cosas prácticas", sino una voluntad de exigir a las universidades que sean capaces de inculcar a sus alumnos la necesidad de estudiar, hacer o practicar aquello que les permita arquitectos felices.
¿Es necesario haber sufrido por culpa de las matemáticas, estructuras, proyectos o dibujo? No. Y será contraproducente, pues de nada sirve que, superado el trámite formal del aprobado, se ignore la importancia de lo que se acaba de dejar atrás.
Heritability Estimates for Some Growth Traits of Dhatti Camel Breed in Tharparkar
Authors: Rameez Raja Kaleri  , Hubdar Ali Kaleri  , Shahla Karim Baloch  , Asma Kaleri  , Raza Ali Mangi  , Abdul Latif Bhatti  , Ghulam Murtaza Mari  , Faial Noor Qureshi  , Muhammad Saleem Pahnwar  , Abdullah Marri
Published: November 2017

Purposed study was conducted using 12 sire”s 232 offspring. The parameters were studied birth weight, body weight, weight at 6 month, average daily gain to 6 month, yearling weight, total weight gain from 6 month and average daily gain from 6 month till one year. The results for heritability estimates were analyzed using the variance with unequal subclass numbers by using the data of 12 parental half sib groups. The average numbers of offspring were ranged per sire 3 to 84 with mean of 16.4. The effect of sire was observed significantly higher (P≤.0) in said traits. While the results of heritability estimates were observed low to moderate for birth weight, birth weight at 6 month, average daily gain to 6month, yearling weight, total weight, weight gain to 6 month and average daily gain from six month to 1 year respectively. The results for correlation estimates between these traits were positive and high for bwt with TG6 month and bwt at 6 month with and 6 month to 1 year. It is concluded that values for heritability and correlation were observed in range of other farm animal, while for the better production and higher values selection process is advisable for these traits.
Effects of Inoculants (Chlorobium limicola and Rhodopseudomonas palustris) on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Seedlings in Stimulating their Nutrient Uptake and Growth
Authors: Shuang Shao , Dongdong Wang , Dan Zhu
Published: November 2017

Rhizobacteria-containing biofertilizers are perfect tools to promote plant growth for the superiority of reducing environmental damages. Two strains of Chlorobium limicola and Rhodopseudomonas palustris were applied in the experiment as potential inoculants for cucumber seedlings. Significant enhancement in the availability of macronutrient elements N, P and K were observed in soils, and further improvement in their uptake was also obtained in cucumber plants. Accumulation of essential micronutrients Fe and Zn were detected both in the roots and shoots. The two strains increased chlorophyll and carotinoid synthesis, plant height, stem diameter, wet weight and dry weight. Various doses had significant effects on plant growth stimulation, C. Limicola with 107 cells mL-1 and R. Palustris with 108 cells mL-1 seem to be better on the whole.
Metabarcoding analysis of the stomach contents of the Antarctic Toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) collected in the Antarctic Ocean
Authors: Yoon Tae-Ho , Kang Hye-Eun , Lee Soo Rin , Lee Jae-Bong , Baeck Gun Wook , Park Hyun , Kim Hyun-Woo
Published: November 2017

Stomach contents of the Antarctic toothfish, Dissostichus mawsoni, collected from subareas 58.4 and 88.3, were analyzed using next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. After processing the raw reads generated by the MiSeq platform, a total of 131,233 contigs (130 operational taxonomic units [OTUs]) were obtained from 163 individuals in subarea 58.4, and 75,961 contigs (105 OTUs) from 164 fish in subarea 88.3. At 98% sequence identity, species names were assigned to most OTUs in this study, indicating the quality of the DNA barcode database for the Antarctic Ocean was sufficient for molecular analysis, especially for fish species. A total of 19 species was identified from the stomach of D. mawsoni in this study, which included 14 fish species and five mollusks. More than 90% of contigs belonged to fish species, supporting the postulate that the major prey of D. mawsoni are fish. Two fish species, Macrourus whitsoni and Chionobathyscus dewitti, were the most important prey items (a finding similar to that of previous studies). We also obtained genotypes of prey items by NGS analysis, identifying an additional 17 representative haplotypes in this study. Comparison with three previous morphological studies and the NGS-based molecular identification in this study extended our knowledge regarding the prey of D. mawsoni, which previously was not possible. These results suggested that NGS-based diet studies are possible, if several current technical limitations, including the quality of the barcode database or the development of precise molecular quantification techniques to link them with morphological values, are overcome. To achieve this, additional studies should be conducted on various marine organisms.
Tintinnids from Todos Santos Bay, B.C., Mexico (1980-1985). I. Taxonomy
Authors: Santamaría-del-Ángel E , Orellana-Cepeda E
Published: November 2017

Tintinnids from Todos Santos Bay, Baja California (Mexico), were collected from 1980 to 1985 by means of 83 horizontal surface tows with a standard No. 20 net (75 µm mesh size). Based on lorica morphology, 66 species and 30 genera were identified. Ten species are considered as permanent due to their presence in plankton during at least four years. Other records include: two cold-water, five tropical and two cosmopolitan species. Such an assembly suggests that the bay is subject to changing conditions. A key to the genera is presented with 70 light microscope photographs, 41 SEM pictures and seven line drawings. Remarks on synonymy, specific taxonomic characters and polymorphism are included. Ultrastructure observations proved to be of great aid in these forementioned aspects. The high diversity suggests that Todos Santos Bay harbors several different microhabitats.
Spatial distribution of the phytoplankton in the northern Gulf of California
Authors: Millán-Núñez E
Published: November 2017

A study of the phytoplankton in the northem Gulf of California was carried out in early 1988. Samples were collected from six depths (0, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 m), and integrated into a single sample per station location to determine the spatial distribution of the phytoplankton. Locations South of Tiburón Island presented a greater stratification of the water column and a greater abundance of diatoms, with dominance of the species Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii. However, Ballenas Channel seems to be a dynamic region which generates the necessary and indispensable nutrients for the activity of phytoplankton.
Optimization of in situ culture of Bryothamnion triquetrum (Gmelin) Howe, using different fastening systems
Authors: Areces AJ , Soberats LR
Published: November 2017

Eleven in situ culture trials with the agarophyte Bryothamnion triquetrum were carried out during one year, using two fastening methods: rope fixation and free floating pieces inside net bags. Feasibility of farming this species has been shown when it is cultivated during short periods of time in summer. Polypropylene nets used as mechanical support restrain quite efficiently losses of seedling biomass. B. triquetrum can thrive inside hanging bags, reaching yields of up to 20.5 g m–1 day–1, with a mean sowing density of near 200 g m–1. Network opening, distance between the bags and size of the specimens suspended inside them, were factors that greatly influenced the harvestable crop. When seedlings were tied directly to the rope, specimen size and the thallus section used also influenced the final yield. Culture lapses were a determining factor in the yield with both methods.
Effects of salinity on the growth rate, morphology and water content of some Brazilian red algae of economic importance
Authors: Yokoya NS , De-Oliveira EC
Published: November 2017

The growth rate, morphology and water content of six species of Brazilian red algae of economic importance were studied under various salinities. The study comprises three agarophytic (Gracilaria aff. venucosa, Gracilaria sp. and Pterocladia capillacea), and three carrageenophytic algae (Meristiella echinocarpa, Hypnea cornuta and H. musciformis), subjected to salinities from 5 to 60‰. Al species tolerated, for the period and conditions described, a much broader range of salinities than they usually face in their habitats. All species were more tolerant to salinities above 30‰ than below this value, with maximum growth occurring between 25-40‰. Water content at the end of the experiments varied with the species, with an inverse relation in salinities above 40‰. Highest salinity values reduced branching, and lowest salinities lead to thalli bleaching. The results offer guidelines for the selection of potential areas with more adequate salinity regimes for the cultivation of the species studied.
Addressing Surprise Medical Bills and Out-of-Network Prices
Authors: Schulman Kevin A. , Richman Barak
Published: October 2024

This Viewpoint discusses how the lack of agreement governing in-network and out-of-network care can harm patients and benefit aggressive pricing strategies.
Hearing Loss, Incident Parkinson Disease, and Treatment With Hearing Aids
Authors: Neilson Lee E. , Reavis Kelly M. , Wiedrick Jack , Scott Gregory D.
Published: October 2024

Importance

The risk of developing Parkinson disease (PD) after objective hearing loss is unknown. PD studies using self-reported hearing loss are insensitive, and objective data are lacking.

Objective

To examine the association of hearing loss with incident PD in US veterans and its effect modification by well-established prodromal conditions and hearing aids.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study analyzed electronic health record data from the US Department of Veterans Affairs for veterans who had an audiogram from January 1, 1999, to December 30, 2022. Individuals with data missing or a preexisting PD diagnosis were excluded.

Exposure

Audiogram-confirmed hearing loss.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Cumulative incidence of PD was calculated with adjustment for competing risk of death.

Results

Among 7 296 051 veterans with an audiogram, 3 596 365 were included. They were mostly male (n = 3 452 898 [96%]) and had a mean (SD) age of 67 (10.3) years. A total of 750 010 individuals (20.8%) had normal hearing at the time of audiometry examination; among those with hearing loss, 1 080 651 (30.0%), 1 039 785 (28.9%), 568 296 (15.8%), and 157 623 (4.3%) individuals had mild (20-<35 dB), moderate (35-<50 dB), moderate to severe (50-<65 dB), and severe to profound (65-120 dB) hearing loss, respectively. Age, gender, and smoking history were balanced between all exposed and unexposed groups with further adjustment for race, ethnicity, and frailty. At 10 years after the baseline audiogram, the numbers of additional cases of PD were 6.1 (95% CI, 4.5-7.79, 15.8 (95% CI, 12.8-18.8), 16.2 (95% CI, 11.9-20.6), and 12.1 (95% CI, 4.5-19.6) among veterans with mild, moderate, moderate to severe, and severe to profound hearing loss, respectively, compared with those with normal hearing. When combined with established prodromal conditions, hearing loss was associated with 5.7 (95% CI, 2.2-9.2) additional cases of PD at 10 years compared with either condition alone. With prompt hearing aid dispensation, incident cases of PD decreased by 21.6 cases (95% CI, 19.5-23.6) at 10 years.

Conclusions and Relevance

Hearing loss appears to be an independent risk factor for later development of PD. Hearing aids attenuate this risk, and therefore widespread screening for hearing loss and appropriate use of hearing aids may reduce the incidence of PD. Additional studies are needed to examine the mechanisms underlying the association between hearing loss and PD.
National Trends in Infant Mortality in the US After Dobbs
Authors: Singh Parvati , Gallo Maria F.
Published: October 2024

This time series analysis assesses trends in infant mortality after the Dobbs decision overturned the constitutional right to abortion.
Comparing greenhouse and field biocrust cultivation methods in the Sonoran Desert
Authors: Antoninka A. , Rowe H. , Weser J. , Langenfeld D. , Brady J. , Sprague T. , Day N.
Published: October 2024

Developing methods to use biocrusts in restoration is becoming more important as land use and climate change impact the health and intactness of high‐stress ecosystems. Methods of cultivation to maximize the production of biocrusts for use in restoration activities are necessary because salvage opportunities are limited. Our objective for this research was to determine an optimal method for scalable biocrust cultivation.

We tested two Field and one Greenhouse cultivation methods. The Field cultivation methods had a base layer of weed cloth, soil and irrigation with either (1) shade cloth immediately over the surface (Quesadilla method) or (2) with shade cloth over a 1 m tall hoophouse (Hoophouse method). The Greenhouse method had nested basins with water wicking up to the soil surface and biocrust from below, with shade cloth attached to basins. We crossed these methods with the addition of native soil or sand and with and without a base of jute using salvaged biocrusts from the Sonoran Desert.

All methods led to at least doubling biocrust cover in 11 weeks. The Greenhouse method led to the highest cover of cyanobacteria and mosses, whereas the field Quesadilla method and the addition of native soil in all cultivation methods led to higher abundance of lichens. There were interactions of cultivation method and soil type, with Greenhouse cultivation and native soil promoting the highest cyanobacteria cover and chlorophyll a. We measured exopolysaccharide sheaths (EPS) in native soil and all cultivation conditions, finding no differences for tightly bound sheath fractions, but higher quantities of the loosely bound EPS in the Greenhouse. We also quantified native and non‐native plants in cultivation, finding few plants in Greenhouse cultivation, but high abundance in both Field methods, and particularly with native soil and without jute for native plants.

Practical implication: Together, these results demonstrate that all three cultivation methods are successful for bulking biocrust materials for restoration, and preference should be given to the method that is the easiest and most accessible for practitioners.
Vortex Nanodiscs Functionalization to Overcome Macrophage Recognition for Efficient Theragnosis Applications
Authors: Magalhães Ricardo , Nunes Claudia , Costa Lima Sofia A. , Navas David , Redondo Carolina , Morales Rafael , Jaafar Miriam , Tavares de Sousa Célia
Published: October 2024

Biological barriers prevent nanotherapeutics successful accumulation at target cells, limiting diagnosis and treatment responses. Magnetic nanodiscs with a spin‐vortex ground state have shown great promise for magnetomechanical cancer cells annihilation and for neuronal stimulation, requiring very low concentrations for an effective result. However, the biological barriers that these particles encounter upon intravenous administration remain a challenge. Herein, the synthesis of biocompatible multilayered Au/Fe/Au nanodiscs with a spin‐vortex ground state and their inert surface modification is reported. Two different surface modifications with two distinct polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules are performed, which successfully reduce macrophage uptake, while maintaining the nanodiscs’ biocompatibility. By effectively preventing nanodisc uptake, innovative design features can be rationally incorporated to create a new generation of specific nanotherapeutics by modifying the PEG surface with specific targeting molecules.
A Hybrid Harvesting Method for Multiple Marine Renewable Energy Sources Based on Microthermoelectric Generator and Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Ma Zhenyao , Liu Changxin , Wang Yuncong , Shao Tong , Hao Zhijie , Wang Yi , Huang Peihan , Zhang Jiaming , Xie Yunchi , Sui Zheng
Published: October 2024

Harvesting wind and solar energy in marine environments to power marine sensors has become a hot research topic. Herein, a marine hybrid energy gathering method based on codoped microthermoelectric generator (MTEG) and charge‐enhanced triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is proposed. A prototype based on this method is designed. It consists of an MTEG unit made from codoped Bi2Te3‐based thermoelectric materials and a TENG unit equipped with a charge density enhancement circuit. This prototype can simultaneously harvest solar energy and wind energy in marine environments to power marine sensors. The prototype can generate a voltage output of 72 V and a power output of 90.5 μW under experimental conditions featuring a wind velocity of 5 m s−1 and a temperature difference of 50 K. This results in a harvesting energy density of 9 W m−3. Based on experiments, the feasibility of the hybrid energy gathering method presented herein is verified, offering a new approach for powering marine sensors.
Microstructural Study of Containerless Solidification of Al–20wt%Ce Alloy
Authors: Valloton Jonas , Bogno Abdoul‐Aziz , Vogel Sven C. , Sahoo Akankshya , Henein Hani
Published: October 2024

Containerless solidification of Al–20wt%Ce is investigated experimentally using the electromagnetic levitation (EML) and impulse atomization (IA) techniques. In the processed EML samples, small primary undercooling and minimal eutectic undercooling are shown. The microstructure consists of large primary Al11Ce3 dendrites surrounded by an α‐Al–Al11Ce3 eutectic. Phase fractions determined by neutron diffraction are similar to the values obtained from a Scheil–Gulliver solidification simulation. Larger IA powders (between 425 and 1000 μm) show a microstructure qualitatively similar to that of EML samples, implying that they follow a similar solidification path. Quantitatively, microstructural features are finer due to the higher cooling rates involved in the solidification process. Atomized particles with a size lower than 425 μm show a strikingly different microstructure, with a very fine eutectic giving way to large intermetallic plates surround by a regular eutectic. Microhardness testing of the structures shows a significant increase in hardness as the sample size decreases, going from 45.8 ± 3.6 HV for the EML sample (lowest cooling rate) to 142.2 ± 12.0 HV for particles in the 106–150 μm range (highest cooling rate).