bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost Effectiveness Analysis Penggunaan Jamu Dan Obat Anti Gout Pada Lansia Di Malang Raya
Authors: - Sugiyanto , Sawu Sirilus Deodatus
Published: February 2024

Gout is a metabolic disease caused by high uric acid levels in the blood due to purine metabolism. Treatment of gout can be done using anti-gout medication and herbal medicine. This study aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of using herbal medicine with anti-gout medication given to elderly people with gout in the city of Malang Raya. The observational method was used to collect data from measuring uric acid levels in the community of elderly people with gout in Greater Malang City from June to July 2023 who used modern herbal medicine and anti-gout medication. Cost analysis is used using the cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) method. This study showed a decrease in uric acid levels in elderly people with gout who used herbal medicine by 0.54 and those who used anti-gout medication by 0.38. Statistical calculations using the paired t-test showed that p = 0.73, this shows that there is no significant difference between the reduction in uric acid levels when using herbal medicine and modern anti-gout medication. herbal medicine consumption was 185,185 and ACER for elderly people consuming anti-gout medication was 15,276. The conclusion is that treating gout in the elderly using herbal medicine has better effectiveness than using medication but is more expensive. The research results show that herbal medicine is not cost-effective compared to anti-gout drugs.
Penyakit gout merupakan penyakit metabolisme yang disebabkan karena tingginya kadar asam urat dalam darah akibat dari metabolisme purin. Dalam pengobatan penyakit gout dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan obat anti gout dan jamu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan efektivitas biaya dari penggunaan jamu dengan obat anti gout yang diberikan pada lansia penderita gout di kota Malang Raya. Metode observasional digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dari pengukuran kadar asam urat pada komunitas lansia penderita gout yang ada di Kota Malang Raya dari bulan Juni-Juli 2023 yang menggunakan Jamu dan Obat anti Gout modern. Analisis biaya digunakan dengan metode cost effectiveness ratio  (ACER). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan kadar asam urat pada lansia gout yang menggunakan jamu sebesar 0,54 dan  yang menggunakan obat anti gout sebesar 0,38. Perhitungan statistik dengan paired t test didapatkan harga p= 0,74 hal ini menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara penurunan kadar asam urat pada penggunaan jamu dan obat modern anti gout, pada perhitungan ACER untuk lansia yang mengonsumsi jamu dan obat anti gout didapatkan ACER untuk lansia konsumsi jamu sebesar 185.185 dan ACER untuk lansia konsumsi obat anti gout sebesar 15.276. Kesimpulan pengobatan gout pada lansia yang menggunakan jamu mempunyai efektivitas lebih baik daripada yang menggunakan obat tetapi biayanya lebih mahal.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jamu tidak cost-effective dibandingkan dengan obat anti gout.
Pendampingan Pembuatan Kripik Stik Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Pada Kader Posyandu Kelurahan Beru Kecamatan Biringkanaya
Authors: Lestari Retno Sri , Zakaria
Published: February 2024

Faktor yang turut berpengaruh terhadap kejadian gizi kurang diantaranya pengetahuan tentang gizi yang rendah, termasuk pengetahuan tentang daun kelor, anak malas makan atau selera makan yang kurang, sehingga asupan gizi yang diberikan kepada balita tersebut juga sangat minim. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah agar ibu-ibu kader dapat meningkat pengetahuan dan keterampilannya dalam memanfaatkan daun kelor sebagai sumber pangan sehari-hari dalam upaya mencegah dan menanggulangi masalah gizi kurang atau buruk dan stunting. Metode pengabdian ini yaitu dengan melakukan pendampingan dan pelatihan  kepada Kader kesehatan dalam pembuatan stik kelor. Keberhasilan pendapingan dan pelatihan dievaluasi dengan pre-posttes dan obsevasi pada saat pembuatan produk krepik stiek kelor. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan kader kesehatan tentang kandungan gizi dan manfaat kelor sebagai pangan sehari-hari dengan nilai pretes yang baik dari 20 % menjadi 80 % setelah postest. Hasil observasi dan pengamatan serta tanya jawab secara lisan disimpulkan bahwa kader kesehatan telah mampu melakukan pembuatan kripik stik kelor.
Kata kunci: Kripik Stik, Kelor
Pijat Bayi Cara Johnson Meningkatkan Berat Badan Bayi Normal
Authors: Juliasti  , Gasma Asmawati , Sukarta I Made
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
One of the efforts in improving the  growth and development of the baby is  to provide stimulation and stimulation in the form of baby massage. Baby massage is the oldest and most popular touch therapy  known to man, which is  also the art of modern health care and medicine  practiced since centuries ago. This study aims to find out the effect of baby massage on weight gain in normal babies. The research design used in this study is Pre Eksperiment with one group pretest-postets approach. The population in this study is all newborns in Siti Fatimah Makassar Hospital in August - October 2018, which is 152 people. The sample count is 10. With the sampling technique that is the Simple Random Sampling technique,  the analysis  used is the Paired t-test or  Paired T test. The results showed that the  average baby  massaged increased by 990 grams with a standard deviation of 357,305 and a significant 2-tailed value < α (0.05) meant Ha was accepted and H0 was rejected. In conclusion, Baby massage how Johnson increases the baby's weight Normal Birth Weight. It is recommended to use baby massage johnso way.
Keywords;  Baby Massage Way Johnson, Baby's Normal Birth Weight
 
ABSTRAK
Salah satu upaya dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi adalah dengan memberikan rangsangan dan stimulasi berupa pijat bayi. Pijat bayi adalah terapi sentuhan tertua dan terpopuler yang dikenal manusia, yang juga merupakan seni perawatan kesehatan modern dan pengobatan yang dipraktikkan sejak berabad-abad silam.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pijat bayi terhadap peningkatan berat badan pada bayi normal. Desain penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Pra Eksperiment dengan pendekatan one group pretest-postets. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh bayi baru lahir yang ada di RSKDIA Siti Fatimah Makassar pada bulan Agustus – Oktober 2018 yaitu sebanyak 152 orang. Dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 10 orang. Dengan tekhnik pengambilan sampel yaitu tekhnik Simple Random Sampling, Analisis yang digunakan adalah uji t-test Berpasangan atau Uji Paired T test. Hasil penelitian      menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata bayi yang dipijat mengalami peningkatan 990 gram dengan standar deviasi 357.305 serta nilai signifikan 2-tailednya < α (0,05) berarti Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak. Kesimpulan, Pijat bayi cara Johnson meningkatkan Berat badan bayi Berat Lahir Normal. Disarankan untuk menggunakan pijat bayi cara Johnson
Kata Kunci : Pijat Bayi Cara Johnson, Bayi Berat Lahir Normal
Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Dan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Hiperemesis Gravidarum Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Minasa Upa Kota Makassar
Authors: Husain Hastuti , Khalisah Nur , Ningsi Agustina , Mukarramah Sitti , Subriah
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Hyperemesis gravidarum is the most severe form illness of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. It can cause significant maternal and fetal morbidity such as weight loss during pregnancy, dehydration, electrolyte disturbance, and nutritional deficiency that lead to increase the risk of delivering low birth weight and premature. The results of this study consisted of 65 respondents who experienced mild anxiety 27 people (41.5%), most did not experience anxiety 25 people (38.5%), some moderate anxiety 9 people (13.8%), and some severe anxiety 4 people (6.2%). . Respondents who received family support were 54 people (69.8%) while respondents who did not get family were 11 people (30.2%). The results of the chi square statistical test for the level of anxiety obtained p value = 0.027. This means that there is a relationship between anxiety levels with Hyperemesis Gravidarum at the Minasa Upa Health Center in Makassar and the results of the chi square statistical test for family support obtained a p value of 0.000 which means that there is a relationship between family support and hyperemesis gravidarum in the working area of the Minasa Upa Health Center.
Keywords;  Baby Massage Way Johnson, Baby's Normal Birth Weight
 
ABSTRAK
Hiperemesis gravidarum adalah bentuk penyakit mual dan muntah kehamilan yang paling parah.Ini dapat menyebabkan morbiditas ibu dan janin yang signifikan seperti penurunan berat badan selama kehamilan, dehidrasi, gangguan elektrolit, dan kekurangan nutrisi yang menyebabkan peningkatan risiko terjadinya berat badan lahir rendah dan premature. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahuai faktor – faktor yang berhubungan terjadinya hyperemesis gravidarum diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Minasa Upa Kota Makassar, Metode Penelitian Suvei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling sebanyak 65 responden. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari-Juni 2021 menggunakan format pengambilan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 65 responden ibu hamil dengan Hiperemesis Gravidarum, sebanyak 27 orang (41.5%) mengalami kecemasan ringan, 9 orang (13.8%) dengan kecemasan sedang, 4 orang (6.2%) kecemasan berat dan 25 orang (38.5%) tidak mengalami kecemasan. Sedang responden yang mendapatkan dukungan keluarga sebanyak 54 orang (69.8%) dan yang tidak mendapatkan dukungan keluarga sebanyak 11 orang (30.2%).  Hasil uji statistik chi square tingkat kecemasan di peroleh nilai p= 0,027. Artinya ada hubungan tingkat kecemasan dengan Hiperemesis Gravidarum di Puskesmas Minasa Upa kota Makassar dan hasil uji statistik chi square dukungan keluarga diperoleh nilai p= 0,000 artinya ada hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan hiperemesis gravidarum di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Minasa Upa
Kata Kunci : Pijat Bayi Cara Johnson, Bayi Berat Lahir Normal
Mechanism of inhibition of growth and metastasis of colon cancer by celecoxib analog OSU-03013 via wnt signaling pathway
Authors: Yang ChunYong , Zhou ZhiQiang , Wang XueSong , Ren JianZhe , Qi Jing
Published: February 2024

OSU-03013 is a structurally modified analog of celecoxib. This study probed the antitumor activity of OSU-03013 on colon cancer (CC) and explored its possible mechanism. CCK-8 method was used to evaluate the activity of OSU-03013 on CC cell SW480 and normal colon epithelial cell FHC, and the anti-proliferation effect of OSU-03013 was detected by CCK-8 and colony formation assay. In addition, flow cytometry and Annexin V-FITC/PI were applied to detect apoptosis of SW480 cells, and Transwell was to detect cell migration and invasion. β-catenin, c-myc, and Wnt1 genes were assessed by RT-qPCR, and E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and β-catenin, c-myc, mTOR, p-mTOR, and Wnt1 proteins were detected by Western Blot. OSU-03013 had dose-dependent and time-dependent antitumor activity on SW480 cells, which can promote tumor cell apoptosis, up-regulate E-cadherin, and down-regulate β-catenin, c-myc, Wnt1, and N-cadherin. OSU-03013 has anti-tumor activity on CC cells. The anti-cancer mechanism of OSU-03013 is achieved by inhibiting the activation of Wnt pathway genes and inhibiting tumor invasion and metastasis. This study provides a scientific basis for the clinical application of OSU-03013 in the treatment of CC.
Polish physicians' views on compounded medicines and factors related to the frequency of their prescription
Authors: Guzy Piotr , Porębski Andrzej , Łudzik Sławomir , Obajtek Natalia , Gołda Anna
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to verify if there is a relationship between physicians' specialization, place of practice, or views on issues related to compounded medicines and the frequency of prescribing such formulations. Additionally, the study aimed to determine the factors that influence these views. The study also examined the barriers and encouragements, according to physicians, in the use of compounded medicines. The original questionnaire was developed specifically for this study. Included sample consisted of Polish-speaking physicians whose main specialization was gynaecology, gastroenterology, dermatology, family medicine, internal medicine, otorhinolaryngology, paediatric otorhinolaryngology, paediatrics. Answers were gathered using computer-assisted telephone interview. The majority of surveyed physicians believed that every Polish patient receives treatment tailored to their personal needs (68,7%) and agreed that compounded medicines are a way to facilitate individualization of pharmacotherapy (79,3%). Frequency of prescribing of magistral formulations, as well as views on quality of compounded medicines, ease of prescribing, and filling a prescription vary between specializations and places of practice. The problem that negatively affects the practice of the largest group of respondents was complicated and frequently changing legal regulations (63.3%), while the least frequently indicated problems were concerns about the quality of preparation (16.7%). Based on opinion of surveyed physicians, a simplification of the regulations for prescribing and liberalization of reimbursement rules are main changes to consider in order to improve clinical practice in the areas where it relates to the prescription of compounded medicines.
Penerapan Prinsip Indemnitas dan Subrogasi Dalam Klaim Asuransi Umum
Authors: Purgito Purgito , Permana R.A. Diah Irianti
Published: February 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aturan-aturanÂ  hukum terkait prinsip indemnitas dan prinsip subrograsi dalam perjanjian asuransi dan penerapan prinsip indemnitas dan prinsip subrograsi dalam penyelesaian sengketa asuransi. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif, yaitu penelitan hukum yang meletakan hukum sebagai sistem norma. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prinsipÂ  indemnitas diatur dalamÂ  Pasal 246Â  KUHD dan Pasal 31 UU No.14 Tahun 2014. Sedangkan prinsip subrogasi diatur dalam Pasal 284 KUHD dan Pasal 1400 KUHPer. Prinsip indemnitas dan subrogasi tidak dapat diterapkan secara penuh dalam pemenuhan keberimbangan pembayaran klaim dan pada asuransi umum karena adanya kendala yaitu kejujuran sempurna. Penerapan prinsip indemnitas dalam penyelesaian sengketa asuransi sulit diwujudkan karena adanya kendala yaitu tidak dapat dijalankan sendiri tanpa dukungan prinsip subrogasi dan prinsip kontribusi.
Relevansi Kompetensi Absolut Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara (Ptun) Dalam Sengketa Pembatalan Lelang Eksekusi Hak Tanggungan
Authors: Sibarani Kevin Bhaskara , Waskitojati Luthfi
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kompetensi Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara (PTUN) dalam memeriksa dan memutus upaya hukum pembatalan lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan. Adanya gugatan pembatalan lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan di PTUN didasarkan pada pertimbangan penyelenggaraan lelang dilaksanakan oleh KPKNL sebagai institusi pemerintah. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan pembatalan lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan tidak dapat diajukan melalui PTUN karena 1) risalah lelang tidak memenuhi kualifikasi sebagai Keputusan Tata Usaha Negara dan 2) pelaksanaan lelang eksekusi yang diselenggarakan oleh KPKNL masuk ke dalam ranah hukum keperdataan. Adapun seharusnya sejak awal dalam proses dismissal dapat dinyatakan PTUN tidak berwenang mengadili gugatan terkait dengan pembatalan lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan.
Las prácticas académicas de los estudiantes en un posgrado en Ciencias
Authors: Escobar Moreno Fabiola , Castrejón Mendoza José Gilberto , Avila García Guillermina
Published: February 2024

Para mejorar la calidad educativa, en específico de las matemáticas y Ciencias Naturales, la formación docente es clave, ya que, permite robustecer habilidades didácticas y de investigación para materializarlas en el aula. No obstante, la formación del profesorado tiene áreas de mejora impostergables, en este sentido, esta indagación reporta algunas de las prácticas académicas de los estudiantes de un posgrado (nivel maestría), en Didáctica de la Física, el cual está dirigido a profesores en activo, en una universidad de México. La investigación es cualitativa, un estudio de caso; en esta se construyeron categorías, mediante análisis temático, para cuantificar y cualificar las prácticas académicas materializadas en las tesis de investigación, de aquí, las unidades de análisis fueron 47 tesis publicadas en el periodo comprendido entre 2009 y 2019, los instrumentos utilizados fueron el software Turnitin y Excel. Los resultados apuntan que 63.83 % de las tesis no se demostró apego a dar crédito a otros autores, porque no están debidamente citados en el cuerpo del trabajo. En relación con las prácticas académicas categorizadas, mayormente son: plagio, errores de citación y ciberplagio. Se concluye que, si bien, las prácticas académicas podrían estar relacionadas con habilidades para la investigación desarrolladas desde la formación de los autores de las tesis, sin embargo, también podrían estar relacionadas con el desconocimiento o indiferencia en torno a la integridad académica.
Long-Term Consequences of Parenting by Another Child in a Population with Child Malnutrition
Authors: Hernández Escalona Mery del Carmen , Morales Leandro , Leporati Jorge , Kamenetzky Giselle
Published: February 2024

Malnutrition is a pervasive health concern around the world. Its impact is related to its severity, age at which it begins, and duration. As of now, the impact of the mother’s psychological variables on maltrunition have been hardly studied. In particular, research showing the impact of having a mother raised by a child instead of an adult is absent from the literature. The goal of this work was to fill that gap. The sample consisted of 111 mother-child dyads assisting the Argentinean centers, that support families whose children are exposed to resource scarcity conditions and diagnosed with malnutrition. In Particular, we aimed to assess the effect of being reared by a child on future caregiver quality and stress responses, in a population with child malnutrition. Given the absence of previous studies, the nature of the present work was exploratory. We found that mothers that were raised by a child reported higher levels of perceived stress at present and a lower quality of caregiving during infancy. Additionally, they feel incapable of coping with their problems and unable to control the events that affect them. These findings are discussed in the context of Attachment Theory and social buffering.
Centenario de Manuel Murguía 1923 > 2023
Authors:   Real Academia Galega, Aleixandre Marilar , Villares Paz Ramón
Published: February 2024

Transcorridos cen anos desde a morte do fundador da Real Academia Galega, a pegada das ideas de Manuel Murguía é aínda visible en como galegas e galegos pensan o país, a identidade galega, en como se pensan a si mesmos. Murguía foi o pensador que construíu o paradigma do celtismo e do rexionalismo, unha personalidade clave na institucionalización da cultura galega que desempeñou tamén un papel importante nas relacións coa colectividade galega en América. A súa é unha vida moi completa que merece ser rescatada e lanzada cara ao futuro. As xornadas coas que a Real Academia Galega quixo conmemorar o centenario do pasamento do que foi o seu primeiro presidente, celebradas o 2, o 9 e o 16 de febreiro de 2023, trataron de revelar a pluralidade e a complexidade da súa figura e da súa obra. As nove contribucións recollidas neste volume poñen o foco sobre Murguía e sobre as institucións, a idea de Galicia e a literatura nacional; compleméntanse ofrecendo distintas facetas do pensamento murguián e abren, asemade, camiños aínda por explorar.
Manuel Murguía e a literatura popular
Authors:   Universidade de Vigo, Acuña Trabazo Ana
Published: February 2024

Neste artigo abórdase a contribución de Manuel Murguía ao coñecemento e estudo da literatura popular galega, nomeadamente da poesía popular. Con este obxectivo, levarase a cabo un percorrido polos seus escritos (libros, artigos, discursos…) que dela se ocuparon, así como polas relacións establecidas con outras persoas do seu tempo (galegas e non galegas) dedicadas á investigación da literatura popular en Galicia. Tamén se dedican algunhas liñas á recepción posterior e conclúese indicando a necesidade do estudo conxunto da obra do “derradeiro precursor”.
ENSURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANSPORT COMPANY ON THE BASIS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   State University of Infrastructure and Technologies, Skok Pavlo , Onufriichuk Iurii ,   State University of Infrastructure and Technologies
Published: February 2024

The article is concerned with studying the theoretical and methodological aspects of development of a transport enterprise on the basis of sustainable development. The relevance of the issue is due to the acceleration of changes in the external environment of economic activity of transport enterprises, which necessitates adjustments to the management system. Climate change, a decrease in the amount of available resources, changing societal requirements and the need to ensure energy efficiency are increasing the relevance of a sustainable development strategy in the modern economy. The issue of phasing out fossil fuels and developing sustainable closed supply chains is a critical issue. At the same time, the transportation sector is one of the largest sources of pollution and energy consumption. An obstacle to sustainable development is the widespread belief that development should be defined primarily as economic growth. This is the frame-work that has been used for many years by developed countries to achieve their current levels of material well-being. The problem with this approach is that, firstly, economic growth does not always guarantee social justice, and secondly, natural resources are depleting in terms of both quality (environmental pollution) and supply (oil reserves). The concept of sustainable development of a transport company is based on achieving a reasonable balance between environmental, economic, social and cultural needs of people. The economic component of sustainable development is focused on the efficient use of limited resources, energy savings, and the use of environmental and material-saving technologies. It includes the use of costeffective routes, combined transportation, ensuring fair prices for services and quality assurance to consumers, increasing the competitiveness of the enterprise, striving for higher added value. The socio-cultural component involves maintaining the sustainability of cultural and social systems, and fair distribution of benefits. It includes social responsibility of enterprises, competence of employees, ensuring occupational safety, as well as good and ergonomic working conditions for employees, and reducing road accidents. The environmental component is aimed at maintaining the integrity of natural systems for current and future generations. It includes the use of renewable energy sources, energy saving, reduction of air emissions and the use of environmentally friendly vehicles. The sustainable development of a transport enterprise is first of all its harmonious development, that is, one that involves the harmonization of all three components.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE ORGANIZATION
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Shulha Olha
Published: February 2024

The article considers different positions on the interpretation of the meaning of the concept of «corporate social responsibility». It is noted that there are two opposite approaches to the concept of corporate social responsibility. Emphasis is placed on the fact that a company that adheres to the principles of social responsibility, on the one hand, must comply with all legally stipulated obligations and rules, and on the other hand, take on additional obligations to implement various social programs. Approaches to the assessment of corporate social responsibility are revealed and the main models of corporate social responsibility are considered. There are American, European and Japanese models of corporate social responsibility, which have their own characteristics. The advantages of the American model of corporate social responsibility are: the absence of strict legal restrictions; lack of strict state regulation, which allows companies to independently determine the directions of their activities and implement innovations; reduction of public expenses due to the absence of expenses for development, improvement and control over the implementation of legislation in the field of corporate social responsibility. The European model is characterized by the presence of state regulation in the field of corporate social responsibility and is more mandatory than recommendatory in nature. Features of the Japanese model of corporate social responsibility are ensuring gender equality, developing volunteering, responsible behavior of citizens towards their country, supporting environmental protection programs, and ensuring honest partnership. There are three approaches to assessing corporate social responsibility: a minimalist approach; an approach based on identifying one or more key areas of corporate social activity; comprehensive approach. The principles and stages of the corporate social responsibility management process are presented. It was concluded that for the effective management of social responsibility, the organization should promptly respond to the expectations and demands of interested parties and carry out an assessment of internal capabilities and identification of risks associated with them.
ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL OUTSOURCING MARKET IN THE IT BUSINESS
Authors:   Uzhhorod National University, Zayats Olena , Osiyska Mariana ,   Uzhhorod National University
Published: February 2024

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the global IT outsourcing market, highlighting its historical roots, current state and future prospects. The paper examines key moments and transformations in the industry, from the early days of outsourcing to its current scale. Particular attention is paid to the impact of technological innovations such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain on market dynamics. The article analyses how outsourcing affects countries' economies, labour markets, and social structures, with a particular focus on changes in the global distribution of jobs and economic growth. The article also includes forecasts of future market trends, taking into account current technological changes and global economic factors. In the context of rapid globalisation, the IT services market is experiencing significant growth. Global outsourcing, as a tool for business expansion and cost optimisation, is becoming a key success factor for many companies. Outsourcing allows companies to reduce costs and focus on their core competencies, which is especially important in the highly competitive IT sector. Given the rapid development of the IT sector in Ukraine, it is important to study the country's role in the global outsourcing market to assess the potential and capabilities of local professionals and companies. Thus, this topic is highly relevant, given its impact on the international economy, technology development and business strategies. Its study opens up broad prospects for analysing IT outsourcing, taking into account both global and local contexts. An important part of the article is the recommendations for various stakeholders, including outsourcing companies, service providers, policy makers and researchers. These recommendations are aimed at optimising the use of outsourcing in the IT industry, ensuring balanced and sustainable growth of the industry. The article uses data from a variety of sources, including market research, analytical reports and expert interviews, making it a valuable resource for anyone interested in the development of the global outsourcing market in the IT business.
THE CURRENT STATE OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE AND PROSPECTS FOR POST-WAR DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Tarasiuk Halyna , Horshkova Ludmyla ,   Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University
Published: February 2024

The article examines the current state of the tourism industry under martial law. The indicators of the tourism industry have been deteriorating since the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, but a significant drop occurred after the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into the territory of Ukraine. As a result of military operations, many cultural, architectural and religious monuments were destroyed, access to some objects was lost as a result of the occupation. An analysis of the main enterprises of the tourism industry of Ukraine was carried out, including travel agencies, tour operators, entities providing other reservation services and related activities, and temporary tourist accommodation facilities. The dynamics of their number over the past five years, the dynamics of their income from sales and the dynamics of the number of employees have been determined. According to all indicators, there is a significant drop, the number of enterprises in the tourism industry is decreasing, people are losing their jobs. In 2023, the tourism industry gradually began to recover, as evidenced by the increase in tax revenues for 9 months of 2023, the largest amount of revenues falls on the Western regions and the city of Kyiv. Among Ukrainians, in 2023 domestic tourism is gradually starting to recover, people are choosing to rest in the West of the country. The most common are sanatorium tours, tours to the Carpathians and ski holidays. The tourist industry of Ukraine had a number of problems even before the start of hostilities, among which the main ones were the imperfect state policy in the field of tourism, poorly developed infrastructure and the level of service provision, and the neglected state of natural resources. Based on the definition of the main problem areas of the tourism industry, the main directions of its recovery and development in post-war times are proposed. It is proposed to develop new tourist products, improve and develop the tourist infrastructure, form special programs for the promotion of the tourist product on the international market, and create tourist clusters in the regions. Special attention should be paid by the state to the formation of new tourist products, promotion of Ukraine on the international tourist market.
Analisa Bahasa Bentuk Pada Desain Karakter Film Animasi “Spirited Away”
Authors: Pratiwi Wilsa
Published: February 2024

Membuat desain karakter pada prosesnya membutuhkan beberapa tahapan, dan salah satu pengetahuan yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang desainer adalah mengenai Bahasa bentuk. Penggunaan Bahasa bentuk untuk membuat desain karakter lebih mudah dipahami oleh penonton, Bahasa bentuk adalah sebuah bentuk komunikasi dengan makna-makna tertentu untuk dapat memunculkan karakter yang diinginkan.
Studio Ghibli adalah salah satu studio animasi yang populer dikenal di berbagai negara, salah satu film animasi buatan Ghibli yang mempunyai karakter-karakter  unik dan ikonik adalah “Spirited Away”.  ceritanya yang lekat dengan tahayul, mitos dan legenda akhirnya memunculkan jenis-jenis karakter yang sangat beragam dan menarik untuk dijadikan pembahasan.
Penulis ingin menganalisa bahasa bentuk yang dapat dibaca dari karakter-karakter yang ada pada film “Spirited Away”, mereka adalah Chihiro, Haku, Kaonashi, Yubaba dan Zeniba, Lin, kamaji dan radish spirit . Penulis ingin meneliti tipe dasar apa saja yang muncul di karakter-karakter film ini, penggunaan shape language apa yang muncul, dan adakah kecocokan antara makna bahasa bentuk dengan sifat-sifat atau personality yang dimiliki oleh masing-masing karakter. Dengan kesimpulan yang didapat diharapkan dapat menjadi wawasan atau tambahan pengetahuan dalam menciptakan desain karakter melalui teori bahsa bentuk.
Aplicación de sensores remotos e inteligencia artificial en la gestión y conservación de bosques frente al cambio climático en México
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara. Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Ruiz Guzmán Eliceo , Gallegos Rodríguez Agustín , Flores Garnica José Germán , Mena Munguía Salvador
Published: February 2024

The present review focuses on remote sensors and artificial intelligence (AI) are key tools for monitoring forests andunderstanding climate change. These sensors provide detailed information about the structure and status of forests, includingthe detection of deforestation, diseases, and pests, as well as the estimation of stored carbon. The combination of remotesensors with AI has revolutionized forest management, enabling soil classification, change detection, and forecasting theeffects of climate change. They have also been valuable for biodiversity conservation, identifying areas of high diversity,monitoring ecosystems, and supporting the planning of conservation strategies. Advanced technologies such as drones,planes, satellite imagery, and LiDAR have also proven effective in environmental monitoring. Drones are versatile and cost-effective, planes cover large areas, satellites provide global data, and LiDAR is useful for characterizing forest structure.However, in Mexico overall, there is a lack of application and utilization of these technologies due to the absence of updateddata and limited integration of AI. Investment in technological infrastructure and the promotion of collaboration betweeninstitutions are needed to overcome this gap and fully harness the potential of these tools in environmental decision-making.
Optimización de sistemas de soporte de decisiones en agricultura mediante IA: un enfoque integrado
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica Agrícola., Castellanos Serrano Luis Tonatiuh , Gómez Aguila María Victoria , Castellanos Suárez José Alfredo ,   Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Departamento de Sociología Rural, Pérez Vivar Marcelino Aurelio ,   Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Departamento de Fitotecnia
Published: February 2024

Contemporary agriculture faces critical challenges in terms of sustainability and efficiency, in the context of constantpopulation growth and the need for environmentally responsible agricultural practices. This study addresses theapplication of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the optimization of Decision Support Systems (SSD) for agriculture, with theaim of improving crop management and resource utilization. By integrating machine learning methods andimplementing predictive models, crop productivity was analyzed under various environmental conditions. The resultsdemonstrate improved accuracy in yield prediction, with a 15% increase in water and fertilizer use efficiency compared toconventional techniques. The research also reveals a significant increase in scientific collaboration and publication in thisfield since 2018, highlighting the importance of AI in the future of sustainable agriculture. The study's findings underlinethe potential of AI-based SSDs to transform agriculture, promoting more efficient and sustainable practices that canadapt to global challenges.
Valoración de la sostenibilidad del sistema productivo ganadero de leche en zonas alto andinas de Colombia
Authors:   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-AGROSAVIA. Centro de Investigación, Forero Camacho Cesar Augusto , Acosta Prado Julio Cesar , Carvajal Rojas Guillermo Hernando ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Roa-Ortiz Santiago Andrés
Published: February 2024

The dairy cattle production system (SPGL) in the high areas of Colombia, located in the Ubaté and Chiquinquirá hydrographic basinaround the Fúquene lagoon, is considered one of the best areas to produce dairy products in the country. Many research andinvestment has been carried out in those areas to improve its competitiveness. Under this context, the objective of assessing the level ofsustainability of the SPGL was defined, from the supply and cultural ecosystem services (ES). The mixed approach methodologycollects primary information, validated with groups of experts that characterized the SPGL, and then assesses its sustainability. Thereliability and trustworthiness of the data are based on an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), which refines the variables and thenperforms a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) that exceeds the adjustment levels for this type of research. The results showsignificant direct causality of the SPGL sustainability level from the supply and cultural ES. Concluding, the dairy cattle production systems of the municipalities surrounding the Fúquene lagoon presents serious environmental, social, and productive problems, and only a holistic or novel approach such as the valuation of the in Supply and Cultural Ecosystem Services helps to resolve these problems.
Reflections on the importance of cross-sectional education in the field of human rights
Authors: Montoya Zamora Raúl
Published: February 2024

The objective of this paper is to make some reflections on the impor-tance of transversal education on human rights in Mexico, taking as a starting point, the Constitutional reform on hu-man rights, published in the Official Ga-zette of the Federation (DOF) on June 10, 2011, nine years after its publication, as well as the current context of human rights in Mexico At work, it is based on the premise that, with the constitutional reform in question, not only a change is introduced formal, but substantial in the model of constitutional justice in Mexi-co, giving way to what the doctrine rec-ognizes as diffuse constitutional control, and to the incorporation of international human rights law as a parameter of con-trol of internal norms. Likewise, it is mentioned that the aforementioned reform not only brought with it a change in the constitutional
IMPACT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS OF LARGE MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN PENANG
Authors: Ong Wooi Leng , Lee Siu Ming
Published: February 2024

This paper examines the impact of Covid-19 and movement control orders on large manufacturing firms in Penang, a major industrial hub in Malaysia with notable participation in the global value chain and identifies the response strategies undertaken by large manufacturing firms for this crisis. This study employs an exploratory qualitative research analysis based on a purposive sampling technique to gather data using an online semi-structured expert interview, with 22 large local and foreign manufacturing firms in Penang responding to the interview. The findings suggest that most of the firms expected a loss of business revenue, disrupted supply chains, employee redundancy, and an increase in government support. Persevering and innovation strategy is the most popular measure taken on by large manufacturing firms, and none of the firms interviewed choose pure persevering as a sole strategy to combat the crisis. The study provides an understanding of strategic responses undertaken by large manufacturing firms. Besides that, the study provides inputs to the government, industry, and policymakers' suggested policy interventions to improve future crisis management.
THE IMPACT OF MANDATORY COVID-19 VACCINATION POLICY IN INDONESIA: LEGAL AND BIOETHICS PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Hakiim Arsyzilma , Hartini Rahayu
Published: February 2024

The Indonesian government has made significant efforts to provide vaccines as a solution to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. However, while some individuals have received the vaccine, others have refused due to fear and doubts about its safety and halal status. The implementation of a policy mandating COVID-19 vaccination by the government has both advantages and disadvantages. According to the policy, individuals who refuse to vaccinate will face administrative and criminal sanctions. Therefore, this research aims to provide a summary of the mandatory COVID-19 immunization policy, particularly in Indonesia, from both a legal and bioethical perspective. A legal approach and normative bioethical principles were used to analyze applicable legal norms and bioethical principles, utilizing literature research. Legal materials included Law Number 4 of 1984 concerning Outbreaks of Infectious Diseases, Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health, Article 28H of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, and Article 34 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. Meanwhile, the source of bioethical data used was the Universal Declaration of Bioethical and Human Rights. Instead of implementing a mandatory vaccination policy containing elements of criminal sanctions, the government should actively engage with the community and analyze why there are still doubts regarding COVID-19 vaccination. This would be a more effective and humane strategy for providing health protection. A mandatory COVID-19 vaccination policy should be based on a comprehensive strategy and ongoing efforts, taking into account legal and bioethical aspects.
Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Literasi Sains Biologi SMA
Authors: Aradia Fani Fenty , Fitri Rahmadhani , Helendra Helendra
Published: February 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh model Problem Based Learning terhadap kemampuan literasi sains Biologi SMA. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode literature review. Data untuk penelitian ini berasal dari analisis 5 artikel nasional yang dipublikasikan secara online. Jurnal yang digunakan sebagai referensi adalah jurnal nasional terbitan tahun 2017 sampai dengan tahun 2022. Pencarian sampel untuk dijadikan data penelitian melalui database google scholar, eric, dan e-resources perpusnas. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah siswa Biologi SMA. Data yang dihasilkan untuk dijadikan sampel penelitian dikaitkan dengan model Problem Based Learning terhadap literasi sains. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model Problem Based Learning mampu meningkatkan kemampuan literasi sains Biologi SMA.
Large-scale spatiotemporal variation in vital rates and population dynamics of an alpine bird
Authors: Nater Chloé , Martin James A. , Nilsen Erlend
Published: February 2024

Quantifying temporal and spatial variation in animal population size and demography is a central theme in ecological research and important for directing management and policy. However, this requires field sampling at large spatial extents and over long periods of time, which is not only prohibitively costly but often politically untenable. Participatory monitoring programs (also called citizen science programmes) can alleviate these constraints by recruiting stakeholders and the public to increase the spatial and temporal resolution of sampling effort and hence resulting data. While the majority of participatory monitoring programs are limited by opportunistic sampling designs, we are starting to see the emergence of structures citizen science programs that employ trained volunteers to collect data according to standardized protocols. Simultaneously, there is much ongoing development of statistical models that are increasingly more powerful and able to make more efficient use of field data. Integrated population models (IPMs), for example, are able to use multiple streams of data from different field monitoring programmes and/or multiple aspects of single datasets to estimate population sizes and key vital rates. Here, we developed a multi-area version of a recently developed integrated distance sampling model (IDSM) and applied it to data from a large-scale participatory monitoring program – the “Hønsefuglportalen” – to study spatio-temporal variation in population dynamics of willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) in Norway. We constructed an open and reproducible workflow for exploring temporal, spatial (latitudinal, longitudinal, altitudinal), and residual variation in recruitment, survival, and population density, as well as relationships between vital rates and relevant covariates and signals of density dependence. Recruitment rates varied more across space than over time, while the opposite was the case for survival. Slower life history patterns (higher survival, lower recruitment) appeared to be more common at higher latitudes and altitudes, portending differential effects of climate change on ptarmigan across their range. While there was variation in the magnitude of the effect small rodent occupancy had on recruitment, the relationships were predominantly positive and thus consistent with the alternative prey hypothesis. Notably, the accurate estimation of covariate effect was only made possible by integrating data from several monitoring areas for analysis. Our study highlights the potential of participatory monitoring and integrated modelling approaches for estimating and understanding spatio-temporal patterns in species abundance and demographic rates, and showcases how corresponding workflows can be set up in a reproducible and semi-automated way that increases their usefulness for informing management and regular reporting towards national and international biodiversity frameworks.
Alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) sized paper reversion due to oxidative photodegradation
Authors: NTIFAFA YAO , JI YUN , HART PETER W.
Published: February 2024

Alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) is a sizing agent used in papermaking to increase the resistance of paper-board towards water penetration. The acquired hydrophobic property of the paper can be reversed due to the instability of the sizing agent. It is broadly known that AKD size reversion is due to migration, poor orientation, masking, or hydrolysis of the sizing agent. Unfortunately, the environmental parameters that cause this chemical instability are not well understood. Thus, the conditions that initiate or catalyze AKD size reversion and the mechanisms of AKD size reversion under different environmental conditions need to be investigated. In this study, six different experimental setups were used to investigate how temperature, daylight, fluorescent light, oxygen, and ultraviolet (UV) light affect AKD size reversion. Cobb values and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (py-GCMS) results show that AKD size reversion is due to the degradation of the chemical in the presence of light and oxygen; temperature variations were found to accelerate reversion in the presence of light and oxygen. The oxidative photodegradation mechanism of the sizing agent is explored, and a possible mechanism is proposed.