bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Ogura CMS germplasm with the clubroot resistance gene by fertility restoration and cytoplasm replacement in Brassica oleracea L
Authors: Ren Wenjing , Li Zhiyuan , Han Fengqing , Zhang Bin , Li Xing , Fang Zhiyuan , Yang Limei , Zhuang Mu , Lv Honghao , Liu Yumei , Wang Yong , Yu Hailong , Zhang Yangyong
Published: April 2020

Clubroot disease, a major plant root disease caused byPlasmodiophora brassicae, has become one of the most destructive diseases among cultivated cruciferous vegetables. However, clubroot-resistantBrassica oleraceamaterials are rare. A few clubroot-resistant cabbage varieties are available on the market, but all are Ogura cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) types. Therefore, in this study, to reutilize the clubroot-resistant Ogura CMS germplasm of cabbage, a new fertility-restored Ogura CMS material, 16Q2-11, was used as a bridge to transfer the clubroot resistance (CR) gene from the Ogura CMS cytoplasm to the normal cytoplasm by a two-step method (a fertility restoration and cytoplasm replacement method). In the first cross for fertility restoration of Ogura CMS clubroot-resistant cabbage (FRCRC), 16Q2-11 was used as a restorer to cross with Ogura CMS materials containing the CR geneCRb2. ElevenRfo-positive progenies were generated, of which four containedCRb2: F8-514, F8-620, F8-732 and F8-839. After inoculation with race 4 ofP. brassicae, these fourCRb2-positive individuals showed resistance. Furthermore, F8-514 and F8-839 were then used as male parents in the second cross of FRCRC to cross with cabbage inbred lines, resulting in the successful introgression of theCRb2gene into the inbred lines. All offspring produced from this step of cross, which had a normal cytoplasm, showed a high resistance to race 4 ofP. brassicaeand could be utilized for the breeding of clubroot-resistant cabbage varieties in the future. This is the first time that the Ogura CMS restorer has been used to restore the fertility of Ogura CMS clubroot-resistant cabbages, which could improve germplasm diversity in cabbage and provide a reference method for using CMS germplasm inBrassicacrops.
Exceptionally high biosphere productivity at the beginning of Marine Isotopic Stage 11
Authors: Brandon Margaux , Landais Amaelle , Duchamp-Alphonse Stéphanie , Favre Violaine , Schmitz Léa , Abrial Héloïse , Prié Frédéric , Extier Thomas , Blunier Thomas
Published: April 2020

Significant changes in atmospheric CO2 over glacial-interglacial cycles have mainly been attributed to the Southern Ocean through physical and biological processes. However, little is known about the contribution of global biosphere productivity, associated with important CO2 fluxes. Here we present the first high resolution record of Δ17O of O2 in the Antarctic EPICA Dome C ice core over Termination V and Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 11 and reconstruct the global oxygen biosphere productivity over the last 445 ka. Our data show that compared to the younger terminations, biosphere productivity at the end of Termination V is 10 to 30 % higher. Comparisons with local palaeo observations suggest that strong terrestrial productivity in a context of low eccentricity might explain this pattern. We propose that higher biosphere productivity could have maintained low atmospheric CO2 at the beginning of MIS 11, thus highlighting its control on the global climate during Termination V.
Controlled packing and single-droplet resolution of 3D-printed functional synthetic tissues
Authors: Alcinesio Alessandro , Meacock Oliver J. , Allan Rebecca G. , Monico Carina , Restrepo Schild Vanessa , Cazimoglu Idil , Cornall Matthew T. , Krishna Kumar Ravinash , Bayley Hagan
Published: April 2020

3D-printing networks of droplets connected by interface bilayers are a powerful platform to build synthetic tissues in which functionality relies on precisely ordered structures. However, the structural precision and consistency in assembling these structures is currently limited, which restricts intricate designs and the complexity of functions performed by synthetic tissues. Here, we report that the equilibrium contact angle (θDIB) between a pair of droplets is a key parameter that dictates the tessellation and precise positioning of hundreds of picolitre-sized droplets within 3D-printed, multi-layer networks. When θDIB approximates the geometrically-derived critical angle (θc) of 35.3°, the resulting networks of droplets arrange in regular hexagonal close-packed (hcp) lattices with the least fraction of defects. With this improved control over droplet packing, we can 3D-print functional synthetic tissues with single-droplet-wide conductive pathways. Our new insights into 3D droplet packing permit the fabrication of complex synthetic tissues, where precisely positioned compartments perform coordinated tasks.
Model-driven generation of artificial yeast promoters
Authors: Kotopka Benjamin J. , Smolke Christina D.
Published: April 2020

Promoters play a central role in controlling gene regulation; however, a small set of promoters is used for most genetic construct design in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Generating and utilizing models that accurately predict protein expression from promoter sequences would enable rapid generation of useful promoters and facilitate synthetic biology efforts in this model organism. We measure the gene expression activity of over 675,000 sequences in a constitutive promoter library and over 327,000 sequences in an inducible promoter library. Training an ensemble of convolutional neural networks jointly on the two data sets enables very high (R2 > 0.79) predictive accuracies on multiple sequence-activity prediction tasks. We describe model-guided design strategies that yield large, sequence-diverse sets of promoters exhibiting activities higher than those represented in training data and similar to current best-in-class sequences. Our results show the value of model-guided design as an approach for generating useful DNA parts.
Replication and Refinement of an Algorithm for Automated Drusen Segmentation on Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Wintergerst Maximilian W. M. , Gorgi Zadeh Shekoufeh , Wiens Vitalis , Thiele Sarah , Schmitz-Valckenberg Steffen , Holz Frank G. , Finger Robert P. , Schultz Thomas
Published: April 2020

Here, we investigate the extent to which re-implementing a previously published algorithm for OCT-based drusen quantification permits replicating the reported accuracy on an independent dataset. We refined that algorithm so that its accuracy is increased. Following a systematic literature search, an algorithm was selected based on its reported excellent results. Several steps were added to improve its accuracy. The replicated and refined algorithms were evaluated on an independent dataset with the same metrics as in the original publication. Accuracy of the refined algorithm (overlap ratio 36–52%) was significantly greater than the replicated one (overlap ratio 25–39%). In particular, separation of the retinal pigment epithelium and the ellipsoid zone could be improved by the refinement. However, accuracy was still lower than reported previously on different data (overlap ratio 67–76%). This is the first replication study of an algorithm for OCT image analysis. Its results indicate that current standards for algorithm validation do not provide a reliable estimate of algorithm performance on images that differ with respect to patient selection and image quality. In order to contribute to an improved reproducibility in this field, we publish both our replication and the refinement, as well as an exemplary dataset.
Author Correction: Effects of applying ramie fiber nonwoven films on root-zone soil nutrient and bacterial community of rice seedlings for mechanical transplanting
Authors: Zhou Wanlai , Chen Jing , Qi Zhiyong , Wang Chaoyun , Tan Zhijian , Wang Hongying , Yi Zhenxie
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Baboons (Papio papio) Process a Context-Free but Not a Context-Sensitive Grammar
Authors: Malassis Raphaëlle , Dehaene Stanislas , Fagot Joël
Published: April 2020

Language processing involves the ability to master supra-regular grammars, that go beyond the level of complexity of regular grammars. This ability has been hypothesized to be a uniquely human capacity. Our study probed baboons’ capacity to learn two supra-regular grammars of different levels of complexity: a context-free grammar generating sequences following a mirror structure (e.g., AB | BA, ABC | CBA) and a context-sensitive grammar generating sequences following a repeat structure (e.g., AB | AB, ABC | ABC), the latter requiring greater computational power to be processed. Fourteen baboons were tested in a prediction task, requiring them to track a moving target on a touchscreen. In distinct experiments, sequences of target locations followed one of the above two grammars, with rare violations. Baboons showed slower response times when violations occurred in mirror sequences, but did not react to violations in repeat sequences, suggesting that they learned the context-free (mirror) but not the context-sensitive (repeat) grammar. By contrast, humans tested with the same task learned both grammars. These data suggest a difference in sensitivity in baboons between a context-free and a context-sensitive grammar.
The comparative study of a homogeneous and a heterogeneous system with green synthesized iron nanoparticles for removal of Cr(VI)
Authors: Guo Bo , Li Meiling , Li Sai
Published: April 2020

Green iron nanoparticles (G-nZVI) were synthesized in situ by adding grape-seed extracts and Fe2+ solution simultaneously. The performances for the removal of Cr(VI) were compared in a homogeneous system by original G-nZVI (in suspension) with in a heterogeneous system by treated G-nZVI. The characterization of TEM, SEM, XRD, FTIR and XPS show that G-nZVI is the formation of Fe°-iron oxide core-shell nanoparticles with organic matters in the extracts as capping/stabilizing agents. The same excellent performances on the removal of Cr(VI) were observed in the both systems and the adsorption capacity was from 78.3 to 166.7 mg (Cr)·g−1 (Fe) with the increase of initial Fe2+ concentrations. The pseudo second-order model described the adsorption process excellently and both pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order models fit the reduction process well. It illustrated that the reaction included prompt adsorption and simultaneous redox process. Moreover, the results of thermodynamics study (ΔG° < 0, ΔH° > 0, ΔS° > 0) revealed that the adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process. It is obvious that the systhesis of original G-nZVI in the homogeneous system is more simple, rapid, cost-effective and suitable for in situ uses. It holds a great potential for remediation of soil and water.
WSe2/SnSe2 vdW heterojunction Tunnel FET with subthermionic characteristic and MOSFET co-integrated on same WSe2 flake
Authors: Oliva Nicolò , Backman Jonathan , Capua Luca , Cavalieri Matteo , Luisier Mathieu , Ionescu Adrian M.
Published: April 2020

Two-dimensional/two-dimensional (2D/2D) heterojunctions form one of the most versatile technological solutions for building tunneling field effect transistors because of the sharp and potentially clean interfaces resulting from van der Waals assembly. Several evidences of room temperature band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) have been recently reported, but only few tunneling devices have been proven to break the Boltzmann limit of the minimum subthreshold slope, 60 mV per decade at 300 K. Here, we report the fabrication and characterization of a vertical p-type Tunnel FET (TFET) co-integrated on the same flake with a p-type MOSFET in a WSe2/SnSe2 material system platform. Due to the selected beneficial band alignment and to a van der Waals device architecture having an excellent heterostructure 2D–2D interface, the reported tunneling devices have a sub-thermionic point swing, reaching a value of 35 mV per decade, while maintaining excellent ON/OFF current ratio in excess of 105 at VDS = 500 mV. The TFET characteristics are directly compared with the ones of a WSe2 MOSFET realized on the very same flake used in the heterojunction. The tunneling device clearly outperforms the 2D MOSFET in the subthreshold region, crossing its characteristic over several orders of magnitude of the output current and providing better digital and analog figures of merit.
DNA replication machinery prevents Rad52-dependent single-strand annealing that leads to gross chromosomal rearrangements at centromeres
Authors: Onaka Atsushi T. , Su Jie , Katahira Yasuhiro , Tang Crystal , Zafar Faria , Aoki Keita , Kagawa Wataru , Niki Hironori , Iwasaki Hiroshi , Nakagawa Takuro
Published: April 2020

Homologous recombination between repetitive sequences can lead to gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs). At fission yeast centromeres, Rad51-dependent conservative recombination predominantly occurs between inverted repeats, thereby suppressing formation of isochromosomes whose arms are mirror images. However, it is unclear how GCRs occur in the absence of Rad51 and how GCRs are prevented at centromeres. Here, we show that homology-mediated GCRs occur through Rad52-dependent single-strand annealing (SSA). Therad52-R45Kmutation, which impairs SSA activity of Rad52 protein, dramatically reduces isochromosome formation inrad51deletion cells. A ring-like complex Msh2–Msh3 and a structure-specific endonuclease Mus81 function in the Rad52-dependent GCR pathway. Remarkably, mutations in replication fork components, including DNA polymerase α and Swi1/Tof1/Timeless, change the balance between Rad51-dependent recombination and Rad52-dependent SSA at centromeres, increasing Rad52-dependent SSA that forms isochromosomes. Our results uncover a role of DNA replication machinery in the recombination pathway choice that prevents Rad52-dependent GCRs at centromeres.
NHC-Ni catalyzed 1,3- and 1,4-diastereodivergent heterocycle synthesis from hetero-substituted enyne
Authors: Yong Xuefeng , Gao Weiwei , Lin Xiulian , Ho Chun-Yu
Published: April 2020

Diastereodivergent heterocycle synthesis has been recognized as an important tool for drug discovery in recent years, yet strategies based on nickelacycle formation have not been established. Here, we report a NHC-Ni catalyzed highly 1,3- and 1,4-diastereodivergent heterocycle synthesis from enyne, which is achieved by manipulating the enyne N-substituent (allowing switching of selectivity from up to 2:98 to 98:2). The key to success is the efficient diastereodivergent formation of a nickelacyclopentene, with broad enyne scope at mild conditions, which subsequently provides reductive hydroalkenylation, acylation and silylation products on demand. Diastereoisomers which are sterically hard to distinguish or difficult to access by conventional routes are now accessible easily, including those with very similar 4°, contiguous and skipped stereocenters.
Topoelectrical circuit realization of a Weyl semimetal heterojunction
Authors: Rafi-Ul-Islam S. M. , Bin Siu Zhuo , Jalil Mansoor B. A.
Published: April 2020

Weyl semimetals (WSMs) are a recent addition to the family of topological materials, and the physical realization of heterojunctions between different types of WSMs is challenging. Here, we use electrical components to create topoelectrical (TE) circuits for modeling and studying the transmission across heterojunctions, consisting of a Type I WSM source to a drain in the Type II or intermediary Type III WSM phase. For transport from a Type I WSM source to a Type II WSM drain, valley-independent (dependent) energy flux transmission occurs when the tilt and transmission directions are perpendicular (parallel) to each other. Furthermore, “anti-Klein” tunneling occurs between a Type I source and Type III drain where the transmission is totally suppressed for certain valleys at normal incidence. Owing to their experimental accessibility, TE circuits offer an excellent testbed for transport phenomena in WSM-based heterostructures.
Bergaptol from blossoms of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses and ox-LDL-induced lipid deposition
Authors: Shen Chun-Yan , Wang Tian-Xing , Jiang Jian-Guo , Huang Chun-Ling , Zhu Wei
Published: April 2020

Aberrant activation of inflammation and excess accumulation of lipids play pivotal roles in atherosclerosis (AS) progression.
Computer-aided discovery of phenylpyrazole based amides as potent S6K1 inhibitors
Authors: Yin Yan , Sun Yuxing , Zhao Lianhua , Pan Jinpeng , Feng Yangbo
Published: April 2020

Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1) is an attractive therapeutic target.
Integrating an Ag0–Ag+ mediated Ag2Ta4O11/Ag8(Nb0.5Ta0.5)26O69 heterojunction to quickly decontaminate indoor gaseous formaldehyde under indoor temperature, humidity and sunlight irradiation conditions
Authors: Wu Yuhang , Song Meiting , Chai Zhanli , Huang Jintian , Wang Xiaojing
Published: April 2020

An (Ag0–Ag+)/Ag2Ta4O11/Ag8(Nb0.5Ta0.5)26O69 S-scheme heterojunction is prepared. It can decontaminate indoor HCHO from 50 to1600 ppm under natural temperature, humidity and sunlight.
Cytoprotective effects of a proprietary red maple leaf extract and its major polyphenol, ginnalin A, against hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal induced oxidative stress in human keratinocytes
Authors: Liu Chang , Guo Hao , Dain Joel A. , Wan Yinsheng , Gao Xing-Hua , Chen Hong-Duo , Seeram Navindra P. , Ma Hang
Published: April 2020

Maplifa™ (a proprietary red maple leaves extract) and its major polyphenol, ginnalin A, exert skin protective effects against oxidative stress.
Correction: Identification and determination of selenocysteine, selenosugar, and other selenometabolites in turkey liver
Authors: Bierla Katarzyna , Taylor Rachel M , Szpunar Joanna , Lobinski Ryszard , Sunde Roger A
Published: April 2020

Correction for ‘Identification and determination of selenocysteine, selenosugar, and other selenometabolites in turkey liver’ by Katarzyna Bierla et al., Metallomics, 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00040j.
Self-assembly of thiolate-protected silver coordination polymers regulated by POMs
Authors: Li Ya-Hui , Wang Zhao-Yang , Ma Bing , Xu Hong , Zang Shuang-Quan , Mak Thomas C. W.
Published: April 2020

The thiolate-protected silver coordination polymers connected by Lindquist-type POM shows good stability. The chain-like Ag10-Mo6 exhibits green photoluminescence. Two-dimensional Ag18-Mo6 was observed to contain a unique 20-membered cycle-Ag10S10.
Gradient phosphorus-doping engineering and superficial amorphous reconstruction in NiFe2O4 nanoarrays to enhance the oxygen evolution electrocatalysis
Authors: Zong Wei , Rao Dewei , Guo Hele , Ouyang Yue , Miao Yue-E. , Wang Wei , Wang Jing , Lai Feili , Liu Tianxi
Published: April 2020

The phosphorous incorporation and superficial amorphous oxyhydroxide layer have a synergistic effect for the enhanced conductivity and reduced adsorption of water molecule, enabling efficient OER electrocatalysis.
Correction: Flow-facilitated ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and post-polymerization modification reactions
Authors: Subnaik Selesha I. , Hobbs Christopher E.
Published: April 2020

Correction for ‘Flow-facilitated ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and post-polymerization modification reactions’ by Selesha I. Subnaik et al., Polym. Chem., 2019, 10, 4524–4528, DOI: 10.1039/C9PY00822E
Spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking in benzil-based soft crystalline, cubic liquid crystalline and isotropic liquid phases
Authors: Reppe Tino , Poppe Silvio , Cai Xiaoqian , Cao Yu , Liu Feng , Tschierske Carsten
Published: April 2020

Achiral multi-chain benzil derivatives provide a missing link between mirror symmetry breaking phenomena in fluid systems of polycatenar and bent-core liquid crystals.
Oxidized indium with transformable dimensions for CO2 electroreduction toward formate aided by oxygen vacancies
Authors: Ye Fenghui , Gao Jinghui , Chen Yilin , Fang Yunming
Published: April 2020

Electroreduction of CO2 into value-added products is a promising technique in which the structure of the catalyst plays a crucial role.
Use of multiple mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks for large‐scale areas
Authors: Al‐Behadili Hasanain A.H. , AlWane Saddam K.A. , Al‐Yasir Yasir I.A. , Parchin Naser Ojaroudi , Olley Peter , Abd‐Alhameed Raed A.
Published: April 2020

Sensing coverage and network connectivity are two of the most fundamental issues to ensure that there are effective environmental sensing and robust data communication in a wireless sensor network (WSN) application. Random positioning of nodes in a WSN may result in random connectivity, which can cause a large variety of key parameters within the WSN. For example, data latency and battery lifetime can lead to the isolation of nodes, which causes a disconnection between nodes within the network. These problems can be avoided by using mobile data sinks, which travel between nodes that have connection problems. This research aims to design, test, and optimise a data collection system that addresses the isolated node problem, as well as to improve the connectivity between sensor nodes and base station, and to reduce the energy consumption simultaneously. In addition, this system will help to solve several problems such as the imbalance of delay and hotspot problems. The effort in this study is focused on the feasibility of using the proposed methodology in different applications. More ongoing experimental work will aim to provide a detailed study for advanced applications, e.g. transport systems for civil purposes.
Object tracking on event cameras with offline–online learning
Authors: Jiang Rui , Mou Xiaozheng , Shi Shunshun , Zhou Yueyin , Wang Qinyi , Dong Meng , Chen Shoushun
Published: April 2020

Compared with conventional image sensors, event cameras have been attracting attention thanks to their potential in environments under fast motion and high dynamic range (HDR). To tackle the lost‐track issue due to fast illumination changes under HDR scene such as tunnels, an object tracking framework has been presented based on event count images from an event camera. The framework contains an offline‐trained detector and an online‐trained tracker which complement each other: The detector benefits from pre‐labelled data during training, but may have false or missing detections; the tracker provides persistent results for each initialised object but may suffer from drifting issues or even failures. Besides, process and measurement equations have been modelled, and a Kalman fusion scheme has been proposed to incorporate measurements from the detector and the tracker. Self‐initialisation and track maintenance in the fusion scheme ensure autonomous real‐time tracking without user intervene. With self‐collected event data in urban driving scenarios, experiments have been conducted to show the performance of the proposed framework and the fusion scheme.
Les vignerons seraient-ils climato-sceptiques ? Les effets du changement climatique analysés par les vignerons dans les appellations d’origine protégée d’Anjou et d’Alsace
Authors: Teil Geneviève
Published: April 2020

Malgré l’accélération de l’évolution climatique depuis les années 1980 et les prévisions alarmantes pour la production vinicole, surtout dans les régions d’appellation d’origine protégée (AOP), les quelques enquêtes menées auprès d’agriculteurs et de viticulteurs depuis la fin des années 1990 témoignent d’une paradoxale relative indifférence au changement climatique. Une enquête menée dans deux vignobles français corrobore les études précédentes tout en montrant que si les viticulteurs sont d’accord avec les chercheurs sur un ensemble de changements survenus dans les raisins et les vins, ils les attribuent moins au réchauffement climatique qu’au changement technique survenu depuis le milieu des années 1980. Cette divergence ne relève pas d’un climato-scepticisme et d’un problème d’identification des causes objectives du changement, mais d’une différence d’objectivation de la situation par les chercheurs et les vignerons.
Analysis of linoleoyl and oleoyl macrogolglycerides by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to the atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Kemel Kamilia , Libong Danielle , Solgadi Audrey , Tfaili Sana , Baillet-Guffroy Arlette , Laugel Cécile
Published: April 2020

Linoleoyl macrogolglyceride (LM) and oleoyl macrogolglyceride (OM) are pharmaceutical ingredients, obtained from corn and apricot kernel oils respectively. This study aims to know the detailed chemical composition of LM and OM, in order to understand their roles in pharmaceutical formulations. These two products were analyzed by non-aqueous reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (NARP-HPLC), using Vintage Series KR C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) and non-aqueous acetonitrile/acetone mixture as mobile phase. The ionization source used was atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) and the analyzer was LTQ-Orbitrap® (hybrid analyzer: double linear ion trap coupled to a Fourier transform orbital trap). LM and OM consist of complex mixtures, constituted of mono-(MG), di-(DG) and triglycerides (TG) and mono-(MPEGE) and di PEG-6 esters (DPEGE) of linoleic acid (18:2) for LM and of oleic acid (18:1) for OM. NARP-HPLC-APPI method allowed the separation and the identification of the glyceride classes (MGs, DGs and TGs) and the PEG esters of different chain lengths (PEG-chain lengths of fatty acid moieties and number of units of ethylene oxide), at the same time and in one single run, for both products LM and OM. The comparative study between LM and OM showed that, a higher presence of linoleic esters for LM, and a higher presence of oleic esters for OM.
Heart Rate Variability in College Football Players throughout
Preseason Camp in the Heat
Authors: Flatt Andrew A. , Allen Jeff , Bragg Amy , Keith Clayton , Earley Ryan , Esco Michael R.
Published: April 2020

We aimed to characterize cardiac-autonomic responses to a 13-day preseason camp
in the heat among an American college football team. Players were categorized as
linemen (n=10) and non-linemen (n=18). RHR, natural logarithm of
the root-mean square of successive differences multiplied by twenty (LnRMSSD),
and subjective wellbeing (LnWellness) were acquired daily. Effect
sizes±90% confidence interval showed that for linemen, LnRMSSD
decreased (moderate) on day 2 (71.2±10.4) and increased (moderate) on
day 12 (87.1±11.2) relative to day 1 (77.9±11.2) while RHR
decreased (small–moderate) on days 6, 7, and 12
(67.7±9.3–70.4±5.5 b∙min-1) relative to day 1
(77.1±10.1 b∙min-1). For non-linemen, LnRMSSD increased
(small–large) on days 3–5, 7, 12, and 13
(83.4±6.8–87.6±8.5) relative to day 1 (80.0±6.5)
while RHR decreased (small–large) on days 3–9, 12, and 13
(62.1±5.2–67.9±8.1 b∙min-1) relative to day 1
(70.8±6.2 b∙min-1). Decrements in LnWellness were observed on
days 4–10 and 13 for linemen (moderate) and on days 6–9, 12, and
13 for non-linemen (small–moderate). Despite reductions in LnWellness,
cardiac-autonomic parameters demonstrated responses consistent with
heat-acclimation, which possibly attenuated fatigue-related decrements.
Phase Angle is Determined by Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescents
Authors: Langer Raquel David , de Fatima Guimarães Roseane , Gonçalves Ezequiel Moreira , Guerra-Junior Gil , de Moraes Anderson Marques
Published: April 2020

The phase angle is used to evaluate nutritional status and is an indicator of cellular health. Cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition are strong indicators of health during adolescence. We aimed to evaluate if body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness have an association with phase angle among adolescents. 203 girls and 220 boys (12.8±1.3 years) were evaluated. Peak height velocity, percentage fat mass, fat-free mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, and phase angle measurements were collected. Linear regression adjusted by peak height velocity was used to verify if predictor variables were associated with phase angle among adolescents. Phase angle showed correlation with fat-free mass (girls: r=0.42 and boys: r=0.37); with percent fat mass (girls: r=0.23); and with cardiorespiratory fitness (boys: r=0.19). Linear regression showed that percentage fat mass (in girls) and cardiorespiratory fitness (in boys) had an effect of 11 and 17% in phase angle, respectively, while fat-free mass had an effect of 22 and 26% in phase angle for girls and boys, respectively. Changes in phase angle seem to be more associated with the percentage fat mass in girls, cardiorespiratory fitness in boys, and fat-free mass in both when controlled by peak height velocity.
Graphene-assisted molecular beam epitaxy of AlN for AlGaN deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Ping , Pandey Ayush , Gim Jiseok , Shin Walter Jin , Reid Eric Thomas , Laleyan David Arto , Sun Yi , Zhang Dehui , Liu Zhe , Zhong Zhaohui , Hovden Robert , Mi Zetian
Published: April 2020

We report on the van der Waals epitaxy of high-quality single-crystalline AlN and the demonstration of AlGaN tunnel junction deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes directly on graphene, which were achieved by using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. It is observed that the substrate/template beneath graphene plays a critical role in governing the initial AlN nucleation. In situ reflection high energy electron diffraction and detailed scanning transmission electron microscopy studies confirm the epitaxial registry of the AlN epilayer with the underlying template. Detailed studies further suggest that the large-scale parallel epitaxial relationship for the AlN epilayer grown on graphene with the underlying template is driven by the strong surface electrostatic potential of AlN. The realization of high-quality AlN by van der Waals epitaxy is further confirmed through the demonstration of AlGaN deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes operating at ∼260 nm, which exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency of 4% for an unpackaged device. This work provides a viable path for the van der Waals epitaxy of ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors, providing a path to achieve high performance deep-ultraviolet photonic and optoelectronic devices that were previously difficult.
Composites of perfectionism and inauthenticity in relation to controlled motivation, performance anxiety and exhaustion among elite junior performers
Authors: Haraldsen Heidi M. , Ivarsson Andreas , Solstad Bård Erlend , Abrahamsen Frank E. , Halvari Hallgeir
Published: April 2020

The present study identified profiles of perfectionism and inauthenticity at baseline and tested whether they differed in the maladaptive outcomes of controlled motivation, performance anxiety, and exhaustion after a nine‐month period. We purposefully selected elite junior performers (NT1 = 219; NT2 = 156), 16–19 years of age, from Norwegian talent development schools in sports and performing arts. The participants completed questionnaires to report their perceptions of the study variables. The results of the latent profile analysis indicated a multidimensionality of perfectionism, thereby identifying four profiles. Although our identified profiles are in line with the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism; however, the results of the mean differences between the identified profiles did not align with the 2 × 2 model's hypotheses. The elite junior performers who displayed non‐perfectionism demonstrated to be the most adaptive profile. They reported the lowest level of inauthenticity and the maladaptive outcomes of controlled motivation, performance anxiety, and exhaustion. The mixed perfectionism profile, displaying high levels of perfectionistic concerns (PC) and perfectionistic strivings (PS), demonstrated to be the least adaptive profile. This profile reported higher levels of inauthenticity and was even more maladaptive than the PC dominated profile contrary to the proposed hypotheses. Findings showed that a heightened vulnerability of perfectionism seems evident in PC, independent of the reported PS levels. Because only one out of five elite junior performers were distributed in the non‐perfectionism profile, the vulnerability of perfectionism might be an important risk factor to note in talent development settings.
Multiple Realization in Systems Biology
Authors: Fang Wei
Published: April 2020

Thomas Polger and Lawrence Shapiro claim that unlike human-made artifacts cases of multiple realization in naturally occurring systems are uncommon. Drawing on cases from systems biology, I argue that multiple realization in naturally occurring systems is not as uncommon as Polger and Shapiro initially thought. The relevant cases, which I draw from systems biology, involve generalizable design principles callednetwork motifs, which recur in different organisms and species and perform specific functions. I show that network motifs with entirely different underlying causal structures can perform the same function of interest. The article also considers the scope problem of multiple realization.
Topological electronic state and anisotropic Fermi surface in half-Heusler GdPtBi
Authors: Zhang Junli , Chen Jie , Li Peng , Zhang Chenhui , Hou Zhipeng , Wen Yan , Zhang Qiang , Wang Wenhong , Zhang Xixiang
Published: April 2020

Half-Heusler alloys possess unique and desirable physical properties due to their thermoelectricity, magnetism, superconductivity, and weak antilocalization effects. These properties have become of particular interest since the recent discovery of topological Weyl semimetal state for which the electronic bands are dispersed linearly around one pair of Weyl nodes, with opposite chirality (i.e., chiral anomaly). Here, we report the transport signatures of topological electronic state in a half-Heusler GdPtBi single crystal. We show that the non-trivial π Berry phase, negative magnetoresistance and giant planner Hall effect arise from the chiral anomaly and that the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillation frequency in GdPtBi is angle-dependent with an anisotropic Fermi surface (FS). All transport signatures not only demonstrate the topological electronic state in half-Heusler GdPtBi crystals, but also describe the shape of the anisotropy FS.
A practical and efficient approach for Bayesian quantum state estimation
Authors: Lukens Joseph M , Law Kody J H , Jasra Ajay , Lougovski Pavel
Published: April 2020

Bayesian inference is a powerful paradigm for quantum state tomography, treating uncertainty in meaningful and informative ways. Yet the numerical challenges associated with sampling from complex probability distributions hampers Bayesian tomography in practical settings. In this article, we introduce an improved, self-contained approach for Bayesian quantum state estimation. Leveraging advances in machine learning and statistics, our formulation relies on highly efficient preconditioned Crank–Nicolson sampling and a pseudo-likelihood. We theoretically analyze the computational cost, and provide explicit examples of inference for both actual and simulated datasets, illustrating improved performance with respect to existing approaches.
Quantum decoherence by Coulomb interaction
Authors: Kerker N , Röpke R , Steinert L M , Pooch A , Stibor A
Published: April 2020

The performance of modern quantum devices in communication, metrology or microscopy relies on the quantum–classical interaction which is generally described by the theory of decoherence. Despite the high relevance for long coherence times in quantum electronics, decoherence mechanisms mediated by the Coulomb force are not well understood yet and several competing theoretical models exist. Here, we present an experimental study of the Coulomb-induced decoherence of free electrons in a superposition state in a biprism electron interferometer close to a semiconducting and metallic surface. The decoherence was determined through a contrast loss at different beam path separations, surface distances and conductibilities. To clarify the current literature discussion, four theoretical models were compared to our data. We could rule out three of them and got good agreement with a theory based on macroscopic quantum electrodynamics. The results will enable the determination and minimization of specific decoherence channels in the design of novel quantum instruments.
High-precision atomic force microscopy with atomically-characterized tips
Authors: Liebig A , Peronio A , Meuer D , Weymouth A J , Giessibl F J
Published: April 2020

Traditionally, atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments are conducted at tip–sample distances where the tip strongly interacts with the surface. This increases the signal-to-noise ratio, but poses the problem of relaxations in both tip and sample that hamper the theoretical description of experimental data. Here, we employ AFM at relatively large tip–sample distances where forces are only on the piconewton and subpiconewton scale to prevent tip and sample distortions. Acquiring data relatively far from the surface requires low noise measurements. We probed the CaF2(111) surface with an atomically-characterized metal tip and show that the experimental data can be reproduced with an electrostatic model. By experimentally characterizing the second layer of tip atoms, we were able to reproduce the data with 99.5% accuracy. Our work links the capabilities of non-invasive imaging at large tip–sample distances and controlling the tip apex at the atomic scale.
Superfluidity of fermionic pairs in a harmonic trap. Comparative studies: Local Density Approximation and Bogoliubov-de Gennes solutions
Authors: Cichy Agnieszka , Ptok Andrzej
Published: April 2020

Experiments with ultracold gases on the lattice give the opportunity to realize superfluid fermionic mixtures in a trapping potential. The external trap modifies the chemical potential locally. Moreover, this trap also introduces non-homogeneity in the superconducting order parameter. There are, among other approaches, two methods which can be used to describe the system of two-component mixtures loaded into an optical lattice: the Local Density Approximation (LDA) and the self-consistent Bogoliubov–de Gennes equations. Here, we compare results obtained within these two methods. We conclude that the results can be distinguishable only in the case of a small value of the pairing interaction.
Inherent limitation of digital imagery: spatial-phase vacillations and the ambiguity function
Authors: Johnson R Barry , Heidary Kaveh
Published: April 2020

The spatial relationship of a scene image upon a pixilated focal-plane-array can temporally change due to scene or camera motion, microjitter of camera line-of-sight, etc. It was found that degradation caused by subpixel spatial-phase vacillations (SPV) upon the performance of matched filters was unexpectedly significant. Subpixel spatial-phase vacillations can cause degradations in matched filter performance to detect desired objects and discriminate other objects. SPV appear to be an inherent limitation of digital imagery when processed using matched filter methodology and can negatively impact the performance of systems. Mitigation of this degradation was found to be possible by utilizing one of several matched filter constructions such as a multi-filter enhanced matched filter (EMF) bank and a single-filter EMF. A significant conclusion of this investigation is that, for automatic target recognition applications, improved overall task performance should be realized by the use of an EMF bank. Dramatic reduction in computational resources for image matching multispectral imagery was accomplished by spectrally-collapsing multispectral imagery to form pseudoimages with the spectral information appearing as a texture in a grayscale image. The pattern recognition ambiguity function, which sets the fundamental performance limit of an image processing system, is introduced.
HPOLabeler: improving prediction of human protein–phenotype associations by learning to rank
Authors: Liu Lizhi , Huang Xiaodi , Mamitsuka Hiroshi , Zhu Shanfeng
Published: April 2020

Motivation

Annotating human proteins by abnormal phenotypes has become an important topic. Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) is a standardized vocabulary of phenotypic abnormalities encountered in human diseases. As of November 2019, only <4000 proteins have been annotated with HPO. Thus, a computational approach for accurately predicting protein–HPO associations would be important, whereas no methods have outperformed a simple Naive approach in the second Critical Assessment of Functional Annotation, 2013–2014 (CAFA2).

Results

We present HPOLabeler, which is able to use a wide variety of evidence, such as protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, Gene Ontology, InterPro, trigram frequency and HPO term frequency, in the framework of learning to rank (LTR). LTR has been proved to be powerful for solving large-scale, multi-label ranking problems in bioinformatics. Given an input protein, LTR outputs the ranked list of HPO terms from a series of input scores given to the candidate HPO terms by component learning models (logistic regression, nearest neighbor and a Naive method), which are trained from given multiple evidence. We empirically evaluate HPOLabeler extensively through mainly two experiments of cross validation and temporal validation, for which HPOLabeler significantly outperformed all component models and competing methods including the current state-of-the-art method. We further found that (i) PPI is most informative for prediction among diverse data sources and (ii) low prediction performance of temporal validation might be caused by incomplete annotation of new proteins.

Availability and implementation

http://issubmission.sjtu.edu.cn/hpolabeler/.

Contact

zhusf@fudan.edu.cn

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Climate-driven vicariance and long-distance dispersal explain the Rand Flora pattern in the liverwortExormotheca pustulosa(Marchantiophyta)
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Sofia Bartolomeu , Martins Anabela , Garcia César Augusto , Sérgio Cecília , Porley Ron , Fontinha Susana , González-Mancebo Juana , Gabriel Rosalina , Phephu Nonkululo , Van Rooy Jacques , Dirkse Gerard , Long David , Stech Michael , Patiño Jairo , Sim-Sim Manuela
Published: April 2020

The ‘Rand flora’ is a biogeographical disjunction which refers to plant lineages occurring at the margins of the African continent and neighbouring oceanic archipelagos. Here, we tested whether the phylogeographical pattern of Exormotheca pustulosa Mitt. was the result of vicariance induced by past climatic changes or the outcome of a series of recent long-distance dispersal events. Two chloroplast markers (rps4-trnF region and psbA-trnH spacer) and one nuclear marker (ITS2) were analysed. Phylogenetic and phylogeographical relationships were inferred as well as divergence time estimates and ancestral areas. Exormotheca possibly originated in Eastern Africa during the Late Oligocene/Early Miocene while Exormotheca putulosa diversified during the Late Miocene. Three main E. pustulosa groups were found: the northern Macaronesia/Western Mediterranean, the South Africa/Saint Helena and the Cape Verde groups. The major splits among these groups occurred during the Late Miocene/Pliocene; diversification was recent, dating back to the Pleistocene. Climate-driven vicariance and subsequent long-distance dispersal events may have shaped the current disjunct distribution of E. pustulosa that corresponds to the Rand Flora pattern. Colonization of Macaronesia seems to have occurred twice by two independent lineages. The evolutionary history of E. pustulosa populations of Cape Verde warrants further study.
Higher Levels of Alcohol Use Are Associated With Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Puryear Sarah B , Fatch Robin , Beesiga Brian , Kekibiina Allen , Lodi Sara , Marson Kara , Emenyonu Nneka I , Muyindike Winnie R , Kwarisiima Dalsone , Hahn Judith A , Chamie Gabriel
Published: April 2020

We assessed associations between hazardous alcohol use and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Uganda. We compared tuberculin skin test positivity across medium, high, and very-high alcohol use levels, classified by AUDIT-C scores. In multivariable analysis, very high use was associated with LTBI (adjusted odds ratio 1.61, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–2.50).
Randomized Trial Evaluating Clinical Impact of RAPid IDentification and Susceptibility Testing for Gram-negative Bacteremia: RAPIDS-GN
Authors: Banerjee Ritu , Komarow Lauren , Virk Abinash , Rajapakse Nipunie , Schuetz Audrey N , Dylla Brenda , Earley Michelle , Lok Judith , Kohner Peggy , Ihde Sherry , Cole Nicolynn , Hines Lisa , Reed Katelyn , Garner Omai B , Chandrasekaran Sukantha , de St. Maurice Annabelle , Kanatani Meganne , Curello Jennifer , Arias Rubi , Swearingen William , Doernberg Sarah B , Patel Robin
Published: April 2020

Background

Rapid blood culture diagnostics are of unclear benefit for patients with gram-negative bacilli (GNB) bloodstream infections (BSIs). We conducted a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial comparing outcomes of patients with GNB BSIs who had blood culture testing with standard-of-care (SOC) culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) vs rapid organism identification (ID) and phenotypic AST using the Accelerate Pheno System (RAPID).

Methods

Patients with positive blood cultures with Gram stains showing GNB were randomized to SOC testing with antimicrobial stewardship (AS) review or RAPID with AS. The primary outcome was time to first antibiotic modification within 72 hours of randomization.

Results

Of 500 randomized patients, 448 were included (226 SOC, 222 RAPID). Mean (standard deviation) time to results was faster for RAPID than SOC for organism ID (2.7 [1.2] vs 11.7 [10.5] hours; P < .001) and AST (13.5 [56] vs 44.9 [12.1] hours; P < .001). Median (interquartile range [IQR]) time to first antibiotic modification was faster in the RAPID arm vs the SOC arm for overall antibiotics (8.6 [2.6–27.6] vs 14.9 [3.3–41.1] hours; P = .02) and gram-negative antibiotics (17.3 [4.9–72] vs 42.1 [10.1–72] hours; P < .001). Median (IQR) time to antibiotic escalation was faster in the RAPID arm vs the SOC arm for antimicrobial-resistant BSIs (18.4 [5.8–72] vs 61.7 [30.4–72] hours; P = .01). There were no differences between the arms in patient outcomes.

Conclusions

Rapid organism ID and phenotypic AST led to faster changes in antibiotic therapy for gram-negative BSIs.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT03218397.