bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semen characteristics and hormonal profile of Yankasa rams fed a mixed ration of cowpea husk (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) and tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentum L.) residue
Authors: Njidda Ahmed Amin , Butswat Isaac Sammani , Yakubu Hosea , Chibuogwu Ijeoma Chika , Bankole Abayomi Samuel
Published: May 2024

Thirty growing and healthy Yankasa rams were randomly allotted five dietary treatments with six animals per treatment to ascertain the effect of diet on their reproductive potential and hormonal profile. Treatments compared were T1 (cowpea husk 40% + tiger nuts residue 0%), T2 (cowpea husk 30% + tiger nuts residue 10%), T3 (cowpea husk 20% + tiger nuts residue 20%), T4 (cowpea husk 10% + tiger nuts residue 30%), and T5 (cowpea husk 0% + tiger nuts residue 40%). The results of the chemical composition of the diets showed that the dry matter was high for all treatments. The semen characteristics and hormonal profile showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in all the parameters observed but were within normal ranges. However, the group fed a high percent tiger nut mixed ratio had a depreciating effect on semen characteristics, and LH, FSH, and testosterone levels. There is no deleterious effect on the reproductive potential of growing Yankasa rams fed varying levels of cowpea husk and tiger nut residue at the inclusion levels in this study. Hence, it is safe to feed breeding rams the ration mix. However, the authors advise caution of including tiger nuts levels of up to 40% in a mixed ration. further investigation may be conducted with ewes to determine the effect of a mixed ration of cowpea husk and tiger nut residue in reproduction.
Haemato-biochemical indices and immune response of grower pigs fed enzyme supplemented dried cassava peel and maize cob composite meal
Authors: Anorue Daniel Nnadozie
Published: May 2024

This study was carried out to examine the haemato-biochemical and immune response of grower pigs fed enzyme supplemented dried cassava peel and maize cob composite meal (CPMCM). A total of 36 crossbreed male grower pigs (Large white) of about 16 weeks old were randomly distributed into four groups of nine animals per treatment. Each treatment was further divided into three replicates consisting of three pigs in a completely randomized design. Pigs in treatment 1 were fed 0% CPMCM while CPMCM was used to replace maize at 40% (T2), 50% (T3) and 60% in T4. Examination of phyto-constituents in CPMCM showed that it contains alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cyanide, phenols and flavonoids at 20.05 mg/kg-1, 9.06 mg/kg-1, 10.04 mg/kg-1, 15.03 mg/kg-1, 8.92 mg/kg-1 and 14.11 mg/kg-1 respectively. Haematological results revealed that red blood cell, pack cell volume, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell, monocytes and lymphocytes were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the treatment except for basophils count (p > 0.05). Total protein, total bilirubin, glucose, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase values were significantly different among the treatment (p < 0.05) except for cholesterol and urea levels. It was concluded that all the blood parameters evaluated were within the established range for healthy pigs and dietary replacement of cassava peel and maize cob composite meal (CPMCM) with maize up to 60% pose no deleterious effect on the health of the animals.
A mass-balance approach for predicting lake phosphorus concentrations as a function of external phosphorus loading: Application to the Lake St. Clair – Lake Erie System (Canada – USA)
Authors: Bocaniov Serghei Anatolii , Scavia Donald , Cappellen Philippe Van
Published: May 2024

A mass balance model is presented that links the total phosphorus concentration in lakes to the water residence time, Rw (lake volume divided by the annual water inflow) and the total phosphorus residence time, Rp (average standing stock of lake total phosphorous divided by the external annual total phosphorus input). Following a change in the external load, the lake total phosphorus concentration asymptotically approaches a new value that depends on the Rp:Rw ratio, with the rate of approach controlled by Rp. We applied this approach to a recent reanalysis of the water and total phosphorus budgets of the Lake Erie system of the Laurentian Great Lakes for the 2003-2016 period. We generated load–response relationships and response matrices that relate the steady state total phosphorus concentrations to external total phosphorus loads, for the whole Lake Erie system and for the individual basins (Lake St. Clair, western basin, central basin, eastern basin) and connecting channels (St. Clair River, Detroit River). These relationships and matrices provide a simple but robust framework to gauge the potential response of total phosphorus concentrations to total phosphorus load reductions, such as the 40% reduction proposed for Lake Erie under the Canada-United States Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. The mass balance analysis further highlights the importance of inter-basin total phosphorus transfers. For example, around 70% of the total phosphorus concentration in the eastern basin is contributed by inflow from the central basin. Consequently, total phosphorus load abatements in watersheds upstream of the eastern basin, rather than in the direct watershed itself, will have the greatest impact on the eastern basin's concentration. Overall, our results illustrate how simple mass balance calculations can provide useful guidance to efforts to manage phosphorus enrichment of lakes.
Dynamics of dissolved organic phosphorus in the nearshore of eastern Lake Erie
Authors: Depew David C. , Krutzelmann Emily
Published: May 2024

The east basin of Lake Erie continues to suffer from blooms of filamentous green algae (primarily Cladophora). Potential management action through reduced phosphorus loadings have and continue to focus on the dissolved inorganic phosphorus pool but other potentially bioavailable phosphorus pools are not always considered. In this study, we describe the dissolved organic phosphorus pool in eastern Lake Erie, with an extensive sampling of four transects along the north shore of the eastern basin from May to September 2019. The dissolved organic phosphorus pool was characterized and quantified using sequential enzymatic hydrolysis to provide information on the enzymatically hydrolysable phosphorus fraction and component monoester P, diester P and a phytase hydrolysable component. These dissolved organic phosphorus fractions were compared to the soluble reactive phosphorus and total dissolved phosphorus pools. Results from this study revealed that a significant fraction (up to 63%) of the dissolved organic phosphorus pool is potentially bioavailable via enzymatic hydrolysis. Vertical differences in soluble reactive phosphorus, total dissolved phosphorus, and phosphate diester pools were also observed when comparing water column with near lake-bed samples, suggesting that the new benthic ecosystem since dreissenid colonization may be a greater source of dissolved inorganic phosphorus to the east basin than prior to colonization.
“Fishers of Men”
Authors: Mcfarlane-Harris Jennifer
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines the freeborn, educated black woman Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, who established her reputation as an outstanding lecturer on the antislavery circuit. Publishing numerous poems, essays, speeches, and works of fiction, Harper believed that biblical precepts could transform the sinful life of the individual and revolutionize corrupt social relationships. She was most concerned about the “galling chain” of slavery and the “the bondage of the bowl.” Both public intellectual and moral crusader, Harper encouraged others to embrace Christian faith and model their lives on exemplary biblical figures like Ruth, Vashti, Moses, and Jesus. Although she neither produced a traditional autobiography nor left behind any journals, Harper’s works display autobiographical tendencies that are actually activist strategies. Specifically, her direct, plain-spoken ballad-form poems can be understood as sophisticated theological treatises designed to entwine the speaker and the reader in a unified “I” voice yearning for spiritual and social reform.
The Gospel According to Madame E. Azalia Smith Hackley
Authors: Brevard Lisa Pertillar
Published: May 2024

This chapter traces Madame E. Azalia Hackley’s faith and reliance upon Biblical scripture and Jesus’ teachings as the engine propelling her activities as a singer and social activist. A self-described “race musical missionary,” her goal was to uplift fellow African Americans by creating temporary community choirs to dignify and preserve the traditional Black spiritual, which had become largely ridiculed in American popular culture. A classically trained pianist and soprano and member of W. E. B. Du Bois’s Talented Tenth, who believed that the most desperate classes of African Americans exhibited the most natural musical talents worthy of development, Madame Hackley nevertheless “cast down her bucket” wherever her travels by train and steamship took her. The singer’s articulation of faith, combined with everyday strategies for success, enabled her to reach primarily Baptist African American communities; inspire her contemporaries; and pave the way for the next generation of African American classical musicians.
“Best Friends [and Foes] in the World”
Authors: Thomas Paul A.
Published: May 2024

Every good hero needs sidekicks, and every good hero needs a villain; as the undisputed champions of Ooo, Finn and Jake have both in spades. In this chapter, the author explores a few of our heroes’ more important allies, as well as a few of their more formidable foes. Characters’ whose stories are explored include BMO, Lumpy Space Princess, Flame Princess, the Ice King, the Earl of Lemongrab, and the Lich.
The “C-Listers”
Authors: Thomas Paul A.
Published: May 2024

Much like the expansive world of The Simpsons, the Adventure Time universe is teeming with literally hundreds of secondary and background characters—far too many to name, let alone outline. As such, this present chapter briefly surveys dozens of characters who might not be considered among the show’s “major” players, but who nevertheless impact the overall plot in significant ways.
Behind the Easel
Authors: Thomas Paul A.
Published: May 2024

In popular discourse, Adventure Time is often seen as the product of a single auteur—Pendleton Ward—but in reality, the show was a team effort that required dozens of skilled artists carefully coordinating for months at a time to produce the final 11-minute product. This present chapter takes a deep dive into the complex and enigmatic process by which an episode of Adventure Time was produced (a process which Ward himself once likened to a sort of magic), covering script outlining, the storyboard process, the recording and design phases, and the animation process.
Good Jubies
Authors: Thomas Paul A.
Published: May 2024

Across the show’s ten-season run, the producers of Adventure Time were always looking for ways to push beyond the boundaries of animation. This was perhaps best exemplified by their willingness to hand over the reins of episode production to select guest animators once a season. Given total creative control, each of these directors put their own unique spin on the Land of Ooo, and needless to say, their episodes are, as a group, perhaps the show’s most visually arresting. In this chapter, each of these guest-directed episodes is covered; the artists who are discussed include Jacky Ke Jiang, David OReilly, James Baxter, Masaaki Yuasa, David Ferguson, Kirsten Lepore, Lindsay and Alex Small-Butera, Don Hertzfeldt, and Basil Twist. (The Adventure Time/Minecraft cross-over special is also considered.)
Handheld Terror
Authors: Hantke Steffen
Published: May 2024

One of Cloverfield’s greatest claims to originality lies in its application of the found-footage aesthetic–popular at the time primarily through its use in the horror film–to a science fiction trope. Applied to the representation of a public event of great impact, the film’s formal immersiveness situates it closer to the combat film than to either horror or science fiction, inviting a new critical awareness of the impact of genre conventions on spectatorship and its politics.
Wading In
Authors: Lemco Amy
Published: May 2024

This book frames the fight for beach and school desegregation within the history of Black life in Biloxi, beginning with the arrival of slave ships on the Gulf Coast islands in 1721. Detailing the buildup of Back-of-Town businesses, lynchings in the early 1900s, and national and state legislation repressing Black progress, the author contextualizes the regional atmosphere that Dr. Gilbert Mason—a resilient civic leader, humanitarian, and lover of the water—and his family encountered in 1955. The book chronicles how Dr. Mason inspired and helped organize local Black activists to peacefully protest the apartheid of Biloxi's beaches. Dr. Mason operated under the surveillance of the State Sovereignty Commission, assaults by private citizens, and the terrors of a decade riddled with the assassinations of civil rights workers. Grassroots efforts he led and inspired in Biloxi joined with the national movement to weaken the hold of white supremacy in the state. With unwavering perseverance and bravery, Dr. Mason and fellow activists achieved the desegregation of Mississippi's beaches and made Harrison County schools the first primary school district in the state to integrate. The book firmly establishes Dr. Mason as a national civil rights role model and presents the story of Mississippi's struggle to a new generation of readers.
Riptides
Authors: Lemco Amy
Published: May 2024

This chapter considers how Black taxpayers were forced to fund their oppression. It starts with how Black voters were excluded from voting, which correlates to the grandfather and good character clauses. Moreover, without Black representation, it was much easier for those in power to pass legislation to maintain the status quo through segregation. The white hierarchy exercised significant economic threat as they controlled huge portions of employment and housing opportunities, the judicial system, and assistance programs. However, Black people, who were willing to take significant risks to defend their rights, had to be prepared to take the matter to court and appeal decisions against them.
Flotsam, Jetsam
Authors: Lemco Amy
Published: May 2024

This chapter looks into the fall of the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission (SSC). It acknowledges the unforeseen and far-reaching consequences of the desegregation movement beyond the Biloxi beach demonstrators. The state legislators came to view the Mississippi SSC as a waste of money and reported feeling that abolishing it would do more to improve the state's image than the commission itself. The chapter explains that the desegregation of public spaces and increasingly open residential practices resulted in the breakup of historically Black neighborhoods and businesses, which references the continuing danger of demanding homogenization and the balancing of cultural fluidity, inclusivity, and preservation. It clarifies that racism has not been eradicated from the global or national consciousness.
Love Letter from Pig
Authors: Kabat Julie
Published: May 2024

In the summer of 1964, the FBI found the smoldering remains of the station wagon that James Chaney, Michael Schwerner, and Andrew Goodman had been driving before their disappearance. Shortly after this awful discovery, the author's beloved brother Luke arrived as a volunteer for the Mississippi Summer Project. Teaching biology to Freedom School students in Meridian, Luke became one of more than seven hundred student volunteers who joined experienced Black civil rights workers and clergy to challenge white supremacy in the nation's most segregated state. During his time in Mississippi, Luke helped plan the community memorial service for James Chaney, attended the Democratic National Convention in support of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, and even spent time in jail for “contributing to the delinquency of minors.” This arrest followed his decision to take students out for ice cream. Through his activism, Luke grappled with many issues that continue to haunt and divide us today: racialized oppression, threats of violence, and segregation whether explicit in law or implicit through custom. Sadly, Luke died just two years after Freedom Summer, leaving behind copious letters, diaries, and essays, as well as a lasting impact on his younger sister, nicknamed “Pig.” The book delves deep into the author's family history to understand Luke's motivations for joining the movement and documents his experiences as an activist. In addition to Luke's personal narrative, the book includes conversations with surviving Freedom School volunteers and students who declare the life-long legacy of Freedom Summer. The book addresses ongoing issues of civil rights and racial inequality facing the nation today.
A Jewish Thread
Authors: Kabat Julie
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on the author's Jewish background. Born in May of 1939, four months before the outbreak of World War II, Luke was six months older than Mickey Schwerner. Both were secular Jews raised in the shadow of the Holocaust. Mickey and his wife, Rita, had come to Meridian six months earlier to set the stage for Freedom Summer. Mickey understood it was inflamed hatred that had led to the Holocaust in Europe and the murder of his relatives there. He hoped the civil rights movement would give him a way to prevent the spread of hate. Luke shared this hope and aspired to live up to the example Mickey had set. The chapter considers how the author's grandmother was their main link to the culture of Judaism. Meanwhile, their father's parents were Conservative Jews. The chapter also looks at the author's experience of prejudice and anti-Semitism.
Persistence
Authors: Kabat Julie
Published: May 2024

This chapter details the Freedom School Convention, which began early the very next morning after James Chaney's funeral. Early on, student leaders had decided to use the Meridian Freedom School as the location because of its large school building. During daytime workshops, young leaders from around the state analyzed pressing problems they themselves had identified earlier in the summer. The issues included employment, housing, public accommodations, voter registration, education, and medical care. Each subcommittee came up with practical recommendations, which they drafted into resolutions and presented at the plenary session. In this way, the students created an actual political platform—a youth platform—for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. Back home, the author and her parents tuned to the news to get information on the events in Mississippi, as well as the war on Vietnam. The chapter then looks at the public memorial service to honor Mickey Schwerner, Andrew Goodman, and James Chaney.
Jail
Authors: Kabat Julie
Published: May 2024

This chapter details the experiences of Luke and other civil rights workers as they were rotating in and out of jail in Meridian. Sandy Watts was charged with burglary. Her bond was set at twenty-five hundred dollars. Meanwhile, Joe Morse was charged with receiving stolen property, and his bond was fifteen hundred dollars. Unable to pay bond, Sandy immediately went on a hunger strike. Sandy Watts and Joe Morse were now being held in the county jail since they were awaiting trial. Gail Falk was serving out her sentence for a traffic violation in a holding cell at the police station. Because white women were rarely jailed in Meridian, there was no cell assigned to them at the city jail. Instead, they were kept at the nearby police station. From behind bars, Gail explained to her students why she was in jail, and in this way, Freedom School continued.
A Period of Turmoil
Authors: Kabat Julie
Published: May 2024

This chapter describes how, back at medical school, Luke was finding student life and his work with patients rather lonely and colorless in comparison to the tight-knit community of Meridian. However, following the letdown of Atlantic City, many African Americans lost trust in liberal whites, who were seen as having played a political game at the expense of the righteous moral cause of civil rights. This created divisions over strategy, especially within the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), the youthful organization at the forefront of Mississippi Freedom Summer. Bubbling up from the turbulence, many raw questions surfaced. Nonviolence was being questioned and Black nationalism was emerging as a central issue. Black civil rights workers from the North, most of whom had joined the movement more recently than their southern brethren, were feeling the need to discover and define their Black identity. Moreover, most COFO volunteers and staff—both Black and white—were suffering from battle fatigue. The chapter then looks at the assassination of Malcolm X and the events in Selma, Alabama.
Let Me Vibe
Authors: Miles Corey J.
Published: May 2024

This chapter charts how the inner lives of southern Black people can tell us something about place. Maps are rigid in that they center on the quantifiable and boundaries. Black feeling is used as an alternative form of cartography to redraw where we imagine the South is and our understanding of what happens there. The inner lives of Black southerners suggest that the contemporary South has not moved away from the anti-Black violence of the supposedly Old South. While the structural processes may have changed, vibe is used to describe the various ways that the texture of historical anti-Black violence lives through policing. We see Black people within and across multiple Souths invite each other to catch a vibe – to feel in community with each other to better understand where the South is.
We Turned a Section 8 Apartment into a Condo
Authors: Miles Corey J.
Published: May 2024

This chapter is a story about placemaking, and the ways Black people move beyond the boundaries of place altogether. In the South “Who yo people?” is a geographical question. This question is about where your commitments reside and where do you forge community. This chapter argues that being from an area is not about ownership over physical space, but rather about reciprocal relationships with the people and touchstones that make a place a place. To be of and from a place is about being invested in the relational processes that continuously revise where a place is at. To this end, Black people forge belonging to the region by (re)sounding the South—creating new or attending to the often-unheard frequencies that expands the conversation on who belongs there.
American Exceptionalism
Authors: Achurra G. Maria Eugenia
Published: May 2024

Chapter 1 delves into American Exceptionalism, its role in landscape paintings from the mid-nineteenth century, and the influence of its historical and theoretical precepts on Federal Architecture built overseas after the 1898 Spanish-American War.
Within this context, the chapter reflects upon the value of the land and real estate from the late nineteenth-early twentieth centuries, concretized into managing strategic locations around the planet. Also, it brings forth the prominence of a visually trademarked Federal architecture in U.S. possessions, implemented via state-of-the-art technological advances, construction materials and techniques, segregationist labor hierarchies, and Beaux-Arts stylistic orientations.
It also discusses the relevance of a rotunda, a salle des pas-perdus, and their role as the visual and spatial memory of Progressive America, both inland and abroad. Through a Cartesian understanding of the world, in which reason and logic prevailed over emotion, many of these trends conveyed to audiences, via magnificent fairs and shows, a sense of entitlement of Progressive America.
Bury Me in the Ocean
Authors: Craig John P.
Published: May 2024

This chapter analyzes the ideas and goals of Erik Killmonger—a character in Black Panther (2018) portrayed by Michael B. Jordan—why he was so popular among African-descended people, and, ultimately, how his ideas could be harmful to the liberation of Africana communities. For many in the African American community, Killmonger represents the goals of the great Black Nationalist thinkers of the past. What makes Killmonger such an exciting and compelling character is, in many ways, his representation of Black Power and a Black militancy often found in the writings of Marcus Garvey, Malcolm X, W. E. B. Du Bois, and Kwame Nkrumah. In an era of rampant police shootings of unarmed African Americans and the rise of White hate groups, how can African-descended people not be enthralled by someone who advocates for Black empowerment and liberation from institutions of White supremacy? Killmonger's desire to arm oppressed Black people and unite the African continent is a noble goal, and for many, he was the actual hero of the film. However, Killmonger is not a compassionate man and has little value for human life. Ultimately, he has become the very thing he despises and has the makings of a future dictator.
Dirty Computer
Authors: Clarkson Alonge O.
Published: May 2024

This chapter evaluates Dirty Computer (2018), Janelle Monáe's third studio album, which tells a story of liberation, agency, and victory. The film Janelle Monáe: Dirty Computer (2018) is a visual depiction of the accompanying album. Upon watching this narrative film, dubbed an “emotion picture,” it is evident that Monáe seeks to empower African Americans to define themselves as they please. An Africologist expectedly would recognize how the acts of defining and naming are critical to the desired self-determining functions of Afrocentricity. The chapter then explores the ways that Monáe aligns with African tradition throughout her visual and lyrical art. Additionally, it examines the ways Dirty Computer allows African-descended viewers the opportunity to transcend time and space as they consider what the future is and what it will look like for them to exist.
Sight-Reading, Virtuosity, and Identity
Authors: Prouty Ken
Published: May 2024

This is the first of two chapters which tackle the issues of race in jazz education. The present chapter examines case studies of two major figures: Stan Kenton and his protégé Maynard Ferguson. Kenton’s involvement in jazz education is notably seen through his patronage of the growing program at North Texas State University. His penchant for hiring musicians who were often veterans of the highly segregated Los Angeles studio scene was an influence on North Texas, and by extension, jazz education in general. The second case study examines the ascendence of Maynard Ferguson, known for his high-range playing. His adoption of popular hits, as well as an intensely physical, virtuosic playing style to cultivate an enthusiastic audience, which was comprised largely of young jazz students. As the school jazz movement of the time was dominated by young white men, Ferguson’s approach may have had the unintended consequence of reinforcing such disparities.
Books, Bodies, Beliefs
Authors: Diffrient David Scott
Published: May 2024

This introductory chapter addresses horror’s reflexive foregrounding of the human sensorium and emphasizes how the book investigates the centrality of certain body parts to the genre. Adopting such a corporeal approach to the genre will hopefully bring another type of anatomy—that of the horror film itself—into view with a clarity that might illuminate its inner workings and further reveal how social divisions or a fragmenting of the body politic are often allegorized in this most disintegrative of cultural forms. By building upon yet moving beyond the ocularcentrism of film criticism, by synthesizing materials across a range of different taste cultures and disciplines, by incorporating information derived from DVD and Blu-ray audio commentaries, by moving largely marginalized sensory pathways and organs (for instance, taste and the tongue) to the fore of the discussion, and by posing odd, previously unasked questions about a genre that is itself weird and provocative (and thus conducive to such left-field theorizing), this book sets out to underscore horror’s underlying complexity and provide a springboard for future studies of the genre.
Sliced Eyeballs and Severed Ears
Authors: Diffrient David Scott
Published: May 2024

This chapter brings the first half of the book’s focus on eyes and ears to a literal head, though its analysis anticipates forthcoming sections by tackling some of the racist and speciesist assumptions of the which bodies “count” in horror films. It starts by noting a troubling tendency apparent in classic and contemporary examples of the genre, which see comic potential in the endlessly exploited presence of animals—be they creatures of the wild or domesticated pets whose physical pain or outright destruction is sometimes intended as a joke. Even though audiences are frequently reminded that “no animals were harmed” during the making of most horror films, there is still something unnerving (potentially traumatic) about witnessing fictional acts of violence directed against nonhumans. This is partly due to the fact that the makeup and special effects teams tasked with making fake animals and flying fur seem so believable succeed at prompting spectators to question what they are seeing. Animals are typically granted only second-class status vis-à-vis the human characters in horror film, a genre that is practically unmatched in finding narrative excuses for their mistreatment. Setting up the second half of the book, the chapter concludes by looking at how looking itself not only can be achieved through sensorial means other than sight, but can also make it synaesthesitically possible for audiences to “hear” things in a horror film that might otherwise go unseen.
Preparing to be Unprepared
Authors: Diffrient David Scott
Published: May 2024

This short chapter emphasizes how, as a corporeal form and as a body genre (wherein no two bodies are the same), horror film is, despite its many engrained conventions, utterly unpredictable. Or rather, the physical stuff with which the present study is concerned—the limbs, organs, and viscera that spill out every which way and have their own granular, cellular specificity—cannot be so easily contained or abstracted away by critics who persist in thinking that horror films are all, or mostly, “the same.” Even those elements that are frequently disparaged by genre enthusiasts as being rote and repetitive remind us that anything can happen in a horror film. The inevitability of narrative disorder might seem to suggest a paradoxically predictable order, a logic behind all the illogical actions driving the plots forward. However, the process of getting from point A to point B in a given narrative matters less than the time spent with people whose bodies—each distinct in its own way—shoulder much of the burden of that storytelling and make it possible for us to imagine how we would behave if faced with the same (or similar) moment-to-moment predicaments.
Dave Dictor
Authors: Ensminger David A.
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on the ongoing savvy politics and musical inventiveness of Dave Dictor, whose bands, first known as the Stains, then Millions of Dead Cops, spread through the underground network like a shock wave. As righteous, fiery renegades, they pushed the boundaries of free expression, created a musical style that was dynamic, and proved that resistance could be resilient. Yet, Dictor was a product of folk music, cosmic country, and AM radio, and he wrote many of MDC’s firebrand songs with an acoustic guitar.
Texacala Jones
Authors: Ensminger David A.
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on the ongoing life and work of Texacala Jones, singer for numerous projects, but primarily known as the singer for Tex and the Horseheads, who explores the role of the history of punk, gender, fashion, music collecting, and persistence in the face of changing trends, like the spread of cow-punk.
Ben Katchor
Authors: Fraser Benjamin
Published: May 2024

This book explores the comics art of Ben Katchor (b. 1951), a comics artist beloved by New Yorkers whose career spans four decades. Early strips he published in the 1980s in the New York Press and the Forward introduced the world to a real estate photographer whose name, Julius Knipl, suggests ties with the city’s Yiddish speakers, past and present. This urban flâneur’s wanderings served as a vehicle for Katchor’s often absurd humor, linguistic wordplay, contemplative meditations on the passing of time, and social commentary on life in the modern city (collected in three volumes: Julius Knipl, Real Estate Photographer, Cheap Novelties: The Pleasures of Urban Decay, and The Beauty Supply District). Still, Katchor’s legacy extends far beyond this single character. Benjamin Fraser’s contribution to the Biographix series, edited by Frederick Luis Aldama, ranges far and wide. Beginning with close-analyses of the artist’s ambitious formal experiments (“Italian Ices,” from Bad News #3 and “The Corner Location,” from RAW magazine), the book examines the artist’s numerous series and collections (The Jew of New York, Hotel & Farm, The Cardboard Valise, Hand-Drying in America), and even his illustrated book on culinary matters and restaurant culture (The Dairy Restaurant). Each chapter is dedicated to a distinct dimension of the urban experience in Katchor’s work (Chapter 1 – Sight, Chapter 2 – Sound, Chapter 3 – Touch, Chapter 4 – Smell/Taste), drawing thematic connections across the artist’s entire oeuvre and engaging in close-analyses of selected pages.
Imagining the Haitian Revolution in Lydia Bailey
Authors: Smith Judith E.
Published: May 2024

In the chapter, Judith E. Smith documents the development, production, marketing, and reception of Lydia Bailey, a Hollywood film that depicts the Haitian Revolution. The essay draws on private studio memos and public press discussions to analyze debates over racial representation, colonialism, and decolonization in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Smith uses these records to show how white supremacy eventually shaped the film’s production and promotion. The chapter draws on archival production files and various trade publications, white mainstream papers, and Black newspapers to document the racial divide shaping the film’s production and reception. The Lydia Bailey production reveals a moment in which transnational Black history and Black struggle became more public and legible in the wake of WWII anti-fascism and internationalism, but these concerns faded when white Americans turned their focus to Cold War anti-communism.
Refusing to Be “Somebody’s Damn Maid”
Authors: Regester Charlene
Published: May 2024

In the chapter, Charlene Regester discusses the history leading to the screen adaptation of Holiday’s 1956 autobiography, Lady Sings the Blues. The chapter analyzes Sidney J. Furie’s 1972 film in relation to Holiday’s interest in shaping accounts of her life and her sometimes marginalized screen depictions, as when cast as a maid in the Hollywood film New Orleans (Arthur Lubin, 1947). It discusses female-centered biopics, Holiday’s experiences working in films starting in the 1930s, her involvement in plans for adapting her autobiography, and the problematic casting and production decisions made after her death. The chapter reveals the intersecting but finally disconnected aesthetic choices that separate Holiday’s autobiography and production efforts from the Hollywood film that enhanced Diana Ross’s image through embodying Holiday. It shows that in contrast to the autobiography, certain spaces in the film emphasize the restraints imposed on Holiday because of her race and gender.
Black Autonomy On Screen and Off
Authors: Baron Cynthia , Pierson Eric
Published: May 2024

In the chapter, Cynthia Baron and Eric Pierson analyze Parks’s first two Hollywood films in relation to his photography and other Black filmmakers in the Hollywood Renaissance of the 1960s and 1970s. Contextualizing Parks’s early feature films reveals his ability to create visual narratives that illuminate and comment on the lives of African Americans. Situating the two films within the social-industrial setting of the late 1960s and early 1970s clarifies how Black creative talent contributed to this era, which has been often identified with white male auteurs. The adaptation of The Learning Tree, Parks’s 1963 autobiographical novel, involved the distillation of the book’s themes, events, and characters, whereas in adapting Shaft, a white-authored piece of racist and misogynistic pulp fiction, Parks transformed the central character and the narrative’s perspective to create John Shaft, for whom private detective work is his creative “choice of weapon” in a dangerous, bigoted society.
Sludge and Theory
Authors: Gutstein Dan
Published: May 2024

This chapter introduces the “Liza Jane” family of songs and puts forward a basic theoretical framework that explains the creation of “Little Liza Jane,” “Goodbye Liza Jane,” “Steal Miss Liza,” “Oh Liza Poor Gal,” and other variants, by enslaved people on southern plantations. It meditates on the “snatches of song” that inspired composer W.C. Handy as well as sociologist Howard Odum’s observation of “one verse songs,” and also explores possible links to African vocal forms. Before it concludes, the chapter establishes Duke Ellington’s straightforward criterion for why a song such as “Little Liza Jane” might appeal: because it is agreeable to the ear.
“Liza Jane” Meets the Masses
Authors: Gutstein Dan
Published: May 2024

This chapter begins with an overview of nineteenth century burnt cork (or “blackface”) minstrelsy, especially after it switched to a three-part format. From there, the narrative explores how “Liza Jane” songs first began to appear in post-war (i.e., postbellum) minstrel shows, notably the first and third parts. Many of the troupes and performers were well-known, thereby transporting “Liza Jane” songs even deeper into the nation’s consciousness. Lyrics from the first known songster publication—“Eliza Jane,” 1866, by bandleader Billy Emerson—are presented and analyzed. Notably, there is an examination of how minstrel troupes may have absorbed these songs through contact with enslaved people, watermen, and soldiers, among other groups. Cultural insights from musicologist Eileen Southern and poet Amiri Baraka may help to describe the mechanisms behind the “Liza Jane” tunes flourishing in this inherently racist form of popular culture.
From the Bold Soldier Boy’s Songbook to the Cylinders of George W. Johnson
Authors: Gutstein Dan
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on “Goodbye Liza Jane,” the most popular “Liza Jane” variant in nineteenth century popular culture. It begins with minstrelsy bandleader Eddie Fox, who in 1871 published the first known piece of sheet music in the “Liza Jane” family of songs. An examination of Fox’s lyrics reveals the presence of several “floating verses” from earlier minstrel pieces. By the time George W. Johnson became the first person to record “Liza Jane” lyrics in 1898, “Goodbye Liza Jane” had become an international “hit,” having been performed in the United States, England, South Africa, and New Zealand. Johnson is widely regarded as the first African American recording star, and he projects his garrulous laughing skills onto these early cylinder recordings.
Intermission Number Two
Authors: Gutstein Dan
Published: May 2024

The second of three “intermissions,” this chapter explores relationships between the “Liza Jane” family of songs and American literary classics. While “Liza Jane” songs do not seem to have origins in works such as Uncle Tom’s Cabin, the opposite is quite another matter. Both the Liza Jane character and song lyrics do appear in major fictional pieces, such as Charles Chesnutt’s short story “The Wife of His Youth,” Jean Toomer’s novel Cane, and Margaret Walker’s novel Jubilee. Notably, Margaret Walker presents lyrics for “Steal Miss Liza,” a ring game played together by Black and white children. These three authors demonstrate considerable perception as to the origins of the songs, in linking their fictional works with the “Liza Jane” family.
Intermission Number Three
Authors: Gutstein Dan
Published: May 2024

The final of three “intermissions,” this chapter explores the early years of the “roaring twenties,” when the Charleston and “black bottom” dance crazes took hold. Harlem Renaissance poet Effie Lee Newsome, writing in the NAACP publication The Crisis, relates a short coming-of-age piece about a beguiling young woman, Mayetta, who irons clothes as part of her daily chores. During the story, the young woman relates a dance game which includes “Goodbye Liza Jane.” Many miles away in Winnipeg, the advice columnist Betty Vincent replies to a lovelorn young woman who had sought help with a “problem of the heart.” As it turns out, the young woman had signed her letter “Little Liza Jane.” These two pieces underscore the continuing popularity of the “Liza Jane” songs, including their essential courtship narratives, across both “the color line” and national borders.
The Constellation that Connects Langston Hughes and David Bowie, Antonín Dvořák and Nina Simone
Authors: Gutstein Dan
Published: May 2024

This chapter presents the widening “constellation” of cultural heroes who embraced the “Liza Jane” family of songs. From the literary star Langston Hughes, to one of the greatest musicians in American history, Nina Simone, “Liza Jane” songs continued to appeal at the highest echelons of American culture—and world culture. Shockingly, “Liza Jane” would become David Bowie’s very first single in 1964. Most captivating, perhaps, would be the unlikely friendship that developed between classical composer Antonín Dvořák and his student Harry Burleigh in the 1890s at the National Conservatory of Music in New York. There is good reason to believe that Burleigh sang “Little Liza Jane” to Dvořák, and astonishingly, decades later, R&B saxophonist Lee Allen paid homage to Dvořák’s belief in African American music by accoupling the composer’s seventh “Humoresque” to a bright recording of “Little Liza Jane” in New Orleans.
Spätantike Kirchenräume als Orte ästhetischer Bildung
Authors: Verstegen Ute
Published: May 2024

Ute Verstegen untersucht die Rolle von spätantiken Kirchen als Orten ästhetischer Bildung, insbesondere durch Situationen angeleiteter Wahrnehmung. Die Betrachtung der Bildungsgrundlagen der Spätantike, insbesondere des Bildungskonzepts der septem artes liberales und dessen Einfluss auf die Architektur zeigt, dass Bildung in dieser Zeit stark sprachlich-literarisch und weniger praktisch ausgerichtet war. Diese Bildungsbasis beeinflusste das Verständnis und die Wahrnehmung von Kirchenbauten und ihrer Ausstattung. Der Hauptteil der Studie widmet sich der Analyse der im Jahr 314 gehaltenen Kirchweihrede des Bischofs Eusebius von Caesarea in Tyros als Beispiel für eine verbal vermittelte Architekturbeschreibung und -interpretation, die in einem Kirchenraum in Anwesenheit eines Auditoriums mit unterschiedlichen Bildungshorizonten gehalten wurde. Diese Rede beinhaltete rhetorische Elemente der Ekphrasis, die darauf abzielten, durch lebendige Beschreibungen eine geistige und emotionale Resonanz bei den Zuhörern zu erzeugen und Erkenntnisprozesse anzuregen. Die als Modellrede tradierte Festrede belegt beispielhaft, wie kirchliche Autoritäten in der Spätantike das Verständnis und die Wahrnehmung von Kirchenräumen und ihrer religiösen Bedeutung lenkten. Eusebius präsentierte durch seine Rede die Kirche in Tyros nicht nur als physischen Raum, sondern auch als symbolische Repräsentation der christlichen Gemeinde und christlicher Glaubensinhalte. Entsprechend antiker Schönheitskonzepte betont der Redner die harmonische Ordnung aller Elemente im Gefüge des Kirchenbaus und ihren Verweischarakter auf himmlische Instanzen.
Wagners Kunsttempel in Bayreuth
Authors: Roch Eckhard
Published: May 2024

Eckhard Roch widmet sich in diesem Beitrag den Kunsttheorien Richard Wagners in ihrem Verhältnis zu Religion und theatralischer Praxis. Der elitäre Anspruch des Wagnerschen "Gesamtkunstwerkes" gipfelt im Bau des ausschließlich Wagners eigenen Werken vorbehaltenen Festspielhauses in Bayreuth und dem "Bühnenweihfestpiel" des Parsifal. Wagner wendet sich damit endgültig vom großen Opernpublikum ab und der Gemeinde seiner auserwählten Kunstliebhaber und Anhänger zu.
Kunst und Bildung - Anmerkungen eines Künstlers
Authors: Zuber Benjamin
Published: May 2024

Wenn Kirche Kunst nicht funktionalisieren will, ist zu klären, wie das spannungsreiche Verhältnis zwischen freier Kunst und christlicher Kirche und Gemeinde zu gestalten ist. Die Begegnung mit Kunst im Kirchenraum ist dafür eine exemplarische Herausforderung. Diese ist als Bildungsprozess zu verstehen, dessen Eigenlogik als interkultureller Lernprozess zu wahren ist.
Evoking Eternity
Authors: Lackenby Nicholas
Published: May 2024

This article approaches the idea of eternity ethnographically. Specifically, it turns to post-Yugoslav central Serbia and the version of eternity (večnost) evoked by practicing Orthodox Christians in their daily lives. In this context, the eternal does not imply the everlastingness of persons and things in this life, or an inevitable cyclical “return.” Rather, eternity constitutes a dimension outside of time that sits alongside the present, a dimension that can be inhabited by ancestors and departed kin. In evoking eternity, people throw temporal life into relief, find solace in the face of death, and engage in the national community those no longer physically present. Against an essentializing view of the eternal as repetition or stasis, the article speculates about how evoking eternity is socially and politically generative, imbuing life with increased imaginative possibilities. 

АПСТРАКТ

Овај чланак приступа идеји вечности са етнографске тачке гледишта. To се осврће на верзију вечности (eternity) евоцирану од стране православних хришћанских верника у свакодневном животу, а на територији централне Србије, у пост-југословенском периоду. У овом контексту, вечност се не односи на трајанје особа и ствари у овом животу, или на неизбежни циклични повратак. Вечност је пре димензија ван времена која постоји поред садашњости, димензија која може бити настањена прецима или почившим ближњима. Евоцирајући вечност, људи истичу привремени овоземаљски живот, налазећи утеху у суочавању са смрћу и тако повезују са заједницом оне који више нису физички присутни. Противно виђењу вечности – као нечему што је понављање или застој – овај чланак посматра социјални и политички потенцијал евоцирања вечности, као прожимање живота појачаним маштовитим могућностима. 

APSTRAKT

Ovaj članak pristupa ideji večnosti sa etnografske tačke gledišta. To se osvrće na verziju večnosti (eternity) evociranu od strane pravoslavnih hrišćanskih vernika u svakodnevnom životu, a na teritoriji centralne Srbije, u post-jugoslovenskom periodu. U ovom kontekstu, večnost se ne odnosi na trajanje osoba i stvari u ovom životu, ili na neizbežni ciklični povratak. Večnost je pre dimenzija van vremena koja postoji pored sadašnjosti, dimenzija koja može biti nastanjena precima ili počivšim bližnjima. Evocirajući večnost, ljudi ističu privremeni ovozemaljski život, nalazeći utehu u suočavanju sa smrću i tako povezuju sa zajednicom one koji više nisu fizički prisutni. Protivno viđenju večnosti - kao nečemu što je ponavljanje ili zastoj - ovaj članak posmatra socijalni i politički potencijal evociranja večnosti, kao prožimanje života pojačanim maštovitim mogučnostima.