bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of different post-emergence herbicides in chickpea (Cicer arietenum L.)
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Bihar Agricultural College, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar-813210, India, Niranjan Indrajeet , Tyagi Shashank , Kumar Birendra , Pradhan Amit
Published: May 2021

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2018-2019 at research farm of Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur to assess the effect of various post-emergence herbicides in chickpea. The results indicated that among different herbicides, post-emergence application of imazethapyr + imazamox @ 60 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 days after sowing recorded significantly lowest weed density & weed dry weight at 60 days after sowing and highest weed control efficiency at harvest, which was statistically at par with quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr @ 60+50 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 days after sowing. As a consequence of effective weed control, quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr @ 60+50 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 days after sowing recorded significantly highest grain yield, straw yield and harvest index which was significantly superior over hand weeding twice at 30 and 50 days after sowing. In weedy check, uncontrolled weed growth caused significant reduction in grain yield of chickpea. Net returns and B:C ratio was found maximum with quizalofop-ethyl + imazethapyr @ 60+50 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 days after sowing which was significantly superior over weedy check.
Life style of fungi from Biotrophy to Necrotrophy and Saprotrophy
Authors:   Department of Plant Pathology, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi-834006, Jharkhand, India, Akhtar Nishar , Shahina Perween2 Shahina Perween ,   Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi-834006, Jharkhand, India, Ansari Abdul ,   Zonal Research Station (BAU, Ranchi), Chianki, Palamau-822102, Jharkhand, India, Ahmad Md ,   Department of Plant Pathology, VKS College of Agriculture (BAU, Sabour, Bhagalpur), Dumraon, Bihar, India
Published: May 2021

Plant pathogenic fungi causes’ economic menace to crop production throughout the world. On the basis of their life styles they may be classified as biotrophs, hemibiotrophs and necrotrophs. For biotrophs it is mandatory to thrive on living host cell and tissues and often found to secrete a little amount of cell wall degrading enzymes and certain effector molecules for suppressing plant host defense mechanism. Necrotrophs survive on dead host cell and tissues which are killed by them before or during infection. Hemibiotrophs in their early stage of life behave as biotrophs and become necrotrophs on later. This article represents the evolution of biotrophs, interaction of biotrophs, hemibiotrophs and necrotrophs with their host plant and continuum of life styles from biotrophy, through to necrotrophy and ultimately to saprotrophy.
Response of wheat yield and its components to zinc and iron application under different levels of nitrogen
Authors:   Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt, El-Sayed Gheith , El-Badry Ola ,   Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt
Published: May 2021

To evaluate the effect of nitrogen, zinc and iron as soil application on yield and yield component of wheat, the present study was conducted at Agricultural and Experimental Research Station at Giza, Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University, Egypt during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons. The experimental design was split-plot in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that positive significant effect on plant height, number of spike/m2, spike length; number of grain per spike, grain yield per unit area in both seasons and grain protein content in one season were achieved by application of N and the micronutrients. Whoever, the highest significant in the above mentioned characters was obtained either by application the highest N levels (100kg N /fed.) or in addition to mixture of Zn and Fe. The interaction between the studied factors had significant effect on plant height and grain yield in both seasons as well as on grain protein content in the second season, where the highest values of these parameters were recorded by application of 100kg N/fed., Zn and Fe in mixture.
Soil nutrient status under different agro-climatic zones of Jammu region, India
Authors:   Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu,  Main Campus, Chatha-180 009, Jammu, J&K, Swami Sanjay-
Published: May 2021

In the North Western Himalayas, particularly Jammu region, where 85% of people depend on agriculture and allied sectors, 70% of agriculture is rain-fed. Various factors, especially land use pattern and variations in climatic conditions affect the soil fertility and nutrient contents. However, information on essential nutrients in the soil across the region is meager. An attempt has been made to study the soil nutrient status under different agro-climatic zones of Jammu region. Seven hundred seventy surface soil samples (0-15 cm) from sub-tropical, intermediate and temperate zones of Jammu region were collected and analyzed for soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), CaCO3, CEC, available macro nutrients (N, P, K, S) and micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn). The results indicated large variation within the soils of each zone. The amount of all the available nutrients was more in the soils of temperate zone than those of other zones. The soils of sub-tropical zones were low in available N, P, S and Zn and to some extent in K. Organic matter content, clay and silt content of the soil vis-à-vis cation exchange capacity were found to be the main factors controlling the available nutrient content of the studied soils.
Water Systems Strategy Relation with Horticultural Crops
Authors:   Soil, Water and Environmental Research Institute (SWERI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Giza, Egypt, El Gayar Attia
Published: May 2021

Integrated water management means putting all the pieces together. Social, environmental, and technical aspects must be taken into consideration. Issues of concern include: providing forums; Reshaping planning processes; Coordination of land and water resources management; Identify the links between water sources and water quality; Develop protocols for integrated watershed management; Addressing institutional challenges; Protecting and restoring natural systems; Reformulation of existing projects; Knowing the views of society; Clarify education and communication risks; Technology standardization and policy; Form partnerships and emphasize preventive measures. The highest priority for water resource management is to increase the demand for water with limited water resources. Water resources are the foundation for sustainable development, so a sustainable approach must be based on the use and management of water resources. In the twenty-first century, the world faces a major water crisis. The problems stem from errors in the management of water resources. Consequently, the sustainable use of water resources is crucial for humanity. Sustainable development is defined as the goals of supply and today's needs without jeopardizing the goals and requirements of future generations. Long-term goals should be considered instead of short-term goals in assessing water resources. This approach forms the idea of integrated water resource management for horticultural crops. This paper describes the evolution of water use in relation to productivity, how irrigation systems have developed and managed, and a strategy to explore challenges and opportunities for water conservation in horticulture crops.
Yield and yield attributes of black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) as influenced by phosphorus and boron in acid Inceptisol
Authors:   School of Natural Resource Management, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Umiam (Barapani) - 793103, Meghalaya, India, Satya Muddana , Swami Sanjay ,   School of Natural Resource Management, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Umiam (Barapani) - 793103, Meghalaya, India
Published: May 2021

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phosphorus and boron on yield and yield attributes of black gram. Four levels of phosphorus (0, 25, 50, 75 kg ha-1) and four levels of boron (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 kg ha-1) were laid in split plot design with three replications. . The native soil had a pH 4.99, E.C. 0.42 dS m-1, organic carbon 1.32%, available nitrogen 251.35 kg ha-1, available phosphorus 13.68 kg ha-1, available potassium 233.24 kg ha-1 and hot water soluble boron 0.054 ppm. The results revealed that application of phosphorus and boron have a synergistic effect on yield, content and uptake in seed and straw of black gram. Significant highest seed yield was found when 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 along with 1.5 kg B ha-1. Significant plant height at 30 DAS (20.04 cm) and 60 DAS (39.31 cm) was found with the application of P50B1.5 whereas at maturity, the plant height was recorded maximum (43.01 cm) at P50B0.5. Whereas, highest number of pods per plant was recorded with combination of 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 1 kg B ha-1 (19.89) and lowest was recorded in control (11.93) where no phosphorus and boron has been applied. The highest seed index was obtained with combination of as 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 0.5 kg B ha-1 as 4.64 whereas, lowest as 2.54 in control respectively.
Effect of short-rotation trees on nutrient dynamics and rooting pattern in intercropped with aromatic grasses in terai of U.P.
Authors:   Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rampur, SVPUAT, U.P., India, Mohsin Faiz , Mohsin Afreen ,   Forest Research Institute, DehraDun, India, Dhaka S.S. ,   Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pilibhit, SVPUAT, U.P., India
Published: May 2021

An Experiment was conducted in District Pilibhit.U.P., to study the yields of aromatic grasses in pure fields as well as intercrops under Populus deltoids and Eucalyptus hybrid. Quantity of litterfall, its chemical composition, nutrient addition, changes in chemical constituents of soil and herb and oil yield of Cymbopogon spp. were studied under agroforestry systems involving Populus deltoids and Eucalyptus hybrid with intercrop of Aromatic grasses (C.winterianus, C.martinii, C.flexouses). Trees were intercropped with grasses have significantly more diameter and height in comparison to trees planted without intercrops. High herbage and oil yield was recorded in pure fields of grasses than their crops intercropped with trees. Maximum yield was produced by Palmarosa and minimum by Citronella in poplar plantation intercropped. In Eucalyptus hybrid intercropped grasses, maximum oil yield was produced by Lemon grass and minimum by Palmarosa. Higher quantity of litter was produced in Palmarosa and lower was produced in Citronella intercropped trees. The litter produced by the intercropped stands had higher NPK contents than pure stands. The concentration of nutrients in the litter decreased with increasing age of the stands. Similarly, the total addition of nutrients (NPK) through litter fall to the soil increased as the age of trees increased. In the field of trees intercropped with Palmarosa was maximum addition of nutrients, while in Citronella intercropped field it was seen minimum. In comparison to intercropped stands, available NPK content of soil was higher in pure stands of trees. Maximum amount of N and K was found in superficial layer of the soil, which decreased with increasing depth. Most of the phosphorus was accumulated in the soil at the depth of 15-30cm in all the stands. The concentration of roots was more near the base of the trees at juvenile age,but as the age increases the roots tended to proliferates uniformly.. The total root biomass decreased continuously with increasing soil depth at all the radial distances and under all the age groups. It is clear that there is no completion among the root system with roots of intercrops grown along with Poplar and Eucalyptus.
Influence of different establishment method, varieties and nitrogen level on productivity and economics of rice
Authors:   Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal, Joshi Pankaj , Marahatta Santosh ,   Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal, Sah Shrawan ,   Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal, Amgain Lal ,   Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuwan University, Nepal
Published: May 2021

A field experiment was conducted to determine the productivity and economics of rice influenced by crop establishment methods, varieties and nitrogen levels on growth, phenology and yield of rice cultivars in the sub-tropical climate of Chitwan, Nepal. Three factors Strip-split plot experimental design using establishment methods (conservation and conventional agriculture) in vertical plots; varieties (hybrid Gorakhnath 509 and high yielding Sabitri) in horizontal plots and four nitrogen levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1) in sub-sub plots was laid out with three replications. The research result revealed that, grain yield of rice along with nitrogen use efficiencies, net return and B:C ratio was significantly higher in conservation agriculture than conventional agriculture. The higher grain yield in CA plots was because of higher number of effective tillers per square meter as compared to conventional agriculture. The grain yield of both hybrid and high yielding varieties were statistically similar whereas nitrogen level of 180 kg ha-1 produced the highest grain yield which was statistically similar to 120 kg ha-1 N but significantly higher than 60 kg ha-1 N. Higher N application increased the effective tillers per square meter and number of grains per panicle which resulted in higher grain yield. Net return and B:C ratio were higher at 120 and 180 kg ha-1 N applied plots. Thus for sustainable rice production, conservation agriculture with high yielding variety and nitrogen level of 120 kg ha 1 are best.
Developing the Resilience of Pressure Index on Islamic Banking in Indonesia
Authors: Malik Satria
Published: May 2021

Islamic banking is a component of financial institutions and the global financial system. Although the size of Islamic banking with conventional banking is smaller, the vulnerability in Islamic banking always within it. This is due to the presence of various financial risks that follow the credit cycle. Besides that, there is no one who concludes clearly that Islamic banking is more resilient than conventional banking. Therefore, some regulations need to be issued to maintain the balance and adaptive aspects of Islamic banking resilience. So that this research aims to measure the optimal level of pressure because of financing activities. This research uses an early warning system approach to estimate optimal pressure levels in Islamic banking caused by funding activities using monthly data from 2010 to 2018. The findings of this research indicate that the optimal level of pressure in Islamic banking is basically to maintain a certain financing risk and provide an optimal level caused by external shocks. This research found that the optimal level of pressure is between - 0.41 to 0.08. Finally, this research concludes that the resilience of Islamic banking in Indonesia requires a balanced asset-financing allocation by lowering non-performing financing, increasing liquid assets, and sound capital adequacy.
COVID-19 Pandemic and MSMEs: Impact and Mitigation
Authors: Tairas David Ronald
Published: May 2021

Indonesia announced the first COVID-19 case in early of March 2020. Since then, the mobility restriction has hampered the economy, including the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) businesses. This study aims to explore the types of challenges encountered by MSMEs to sustain their businesses during the hardship. Descriptive qualitative method is used, with data sourced from interview with 34 MSMEs, one in each province in Indonesia, as well as secondary sources including research journals and various reports on the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that business owners experience difficulties in producing goods and services because of the raw materials shortage, financial liquidity and decreasing demand. Policy and managerial implications of the study are provided.
Mampukah Industri Kreatif Mengatasi Kejenuhan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Nasional?
Authors: Ichsan Andiga Kusuma Nur , Verena Vidita Vergia
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan arti penting serta faktor-faktor yang dapat memengaruhi peningkatan kinerja sektor industri kreatif. Dengan menggunakan data IBS BPS 2011–2015 dan analisis panel, didapatkan bahwa upah, tenaga kerja, aset atau modal tetap, bahan bakar, dan insentif pajak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan nilai output maupun nilai tambah industri kreatif di Indonesia, sedangkan upah dan nilai tukar berpengaruh terhadap ekspor industri kreatif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa industrikreatif dapat menjadi solusi atas kejenuhan pertumbuhan ekonomi pada umumnya dan industri pengolahan pada khususnya. Akan tetapi pemerintah perlu merumuskan kebijakan yang efektif terkait upah dan tenaga kerja, meningkatkan akses permodalan, menjaga stabilitas harga bahan bakar, mengembangkan energi yang ramah lingkungan, serta merumuskan insentif fiskal yang tepat untuk mendorong pertumbuhan industrikreatif.
Optimalisasi Peran BUM Desa dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi Perdesaan di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Zakariya Rizki
Published: May 2021

Pandemi Covid-19 berdampak negatif pada aktivitas sosial-ekonomi masyarakat perdesaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguraikan urgensi dan strategi optimalisasi peran Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUM Desa) dalam mengembangkan ekonomi perdesaan di tengah pandemi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan kasus dan tinjauan regulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan urgensi BUM Desa karena kontribusinya yang besar bagi desa, tetapi terdisrupsi oleh pandemi. Upaya optimalisasi peran BUM Desa di antaranya dengan mendorong BUM Desa sebagai penyedia bahan makanan pokok di desa, bekerjasama dengan berbagai pihak eksternal, pemberian insentif dan kredit modal kerja, dan dilakukannya pendidikan dan pelatihan SDM pengelola.
Tỷ lệ tái nhập viện vì đợt cấp bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính và một số yếu tố liên quan
Authors: Huyền Nguyễn Thị Thanh , Hạnh Chu Thị
Published: May 2021

Đợt cấp bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính là biến cố quan trọng trong tiến trình của bệnh. Nghiên cứu tiến cứu trên 122 bệnh nhân nhập viện vì đợt cấp tại Trung tâm Hô hấp, Bệnh viện Bạch Mai trong thời gian từ tháng 01/2018 đến tháng 08/2019 nhằm xác định tỷ lệ tái nhập viện vì đợt cấp bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính trong 12 tháng và một số yếu tố liên quan. Sau khi điều trị đợt cấp ổn định, bệnh nhân được đánh giá về các đặc điểm lâm sàng và một số chỉ số cận lâm sàng, sau đó theo dõi trong 12 tháng. Kết quả 113 bệnh nhân được theo dõi với 142 lần tái nhập viện, số lần tái nhập viện trung bình là 1,3; tỷ lệ bệnh nhân tái nhập viện vì đợt cấp bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính trong 12 tháng theo dõi là 54,9%. Tiền sử nhập viện vì đợt cấp bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính trong năm trước, chỉ số khối cơ thể - BMI < 20, điểm đánh giá ảnh hưởng của bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính (CAT - COPD Assessment Test) > 10 và tỷ lệ bạch cầu ái toan máu ngoại vi ≥ 2% đều có liên quan đến tái nhập viện vì đợt cấp với p < 0,05. Yếu tố có giá trị tiên lượng độc lập với tái nhập viện vì đợt cấp là BMI < 20 (OR = 0,419; 95%CI: 0,174 - 1,008; p = 0,05) và tiền sử đợt cấp nhập viện trước đó (OR = 0,38; 95%CI: 0,16 - 0,903; p = 0,029).
Mối liên quan giữa đa hình đơn RS1799794gen XRCC3 và nguy cơ mắc ung thư buồng trứng
Authors: Nhân Lê Nguyễn Trọng , Thúy Nguyễn Thu , Linh Nguyễn Quý , Khánh Trần Vân , Văn Tạ Thành , Tiến Nguyễn Viết , Thịnh Trần Huy
Published: May 2021

Ung thư buồng trứng là một trong những bệnh lý phụ khoa ác tính phổ biến. Những khiếm khuyết trong hệ thống nhận biết và sửa chữa các tổn thương DNA có vai trò trong việc làm tăng nguy cơ ung thư. Gen XRCC3 tham gia vào quá trình tái tổ hợp tương đồng để sửa chữa những đứt gãy sợi đôi DNA, do đó những đa hình (SNP) và đột biến của gen này có thể liên quan đến nguy cơ mắc các bệnh ung thư, trong đó có ung thư buồng trứng. Chúng tôi thực hiện nghiên cứu bệnh chứng, xác định đa hình rs1799794 gen XRCC3 ở 380 bệnh nhân ung thư buồng trứng và 380 đối chứng có độ tuổi tương đồng, sau đó phân tích tỉ lệ alen và tỉ lệ kiểu gen, mối liên quan giữa chúng với nguy cơ ung thư buồng trứng. Tỉ lệ các kiểu gen AA, AG, GG lần lượt ở nhóm bệnh là 25,8%, 55,3%, 18,9% và ở nhóm chứng là 31,3%, 45,3%, 23,4% (p = 0,022). Đa hình đơn nucleotide rs1799794 gen XRCC3 có liên quan với nguy cơ mắc ung thư buồng trứng ở phụ nữ Việt Nam.
Kết quả OCT trên bệnh nhân sau phẫu thuật điều trị bong võng mạc do lỗ hoàng điểm
Authors: Hiệp Nguyễn Kiếm , Thảo Nguyễn Thị Phương , Sơn Cung Hồng
Published: May 2021

OCT là công cụ hữu ích đánh giá vùng hoàng điểm. Nghiên cứu của chúng tôi trên 27 mắt bong võng mạc do lỗ hoàng điểm. Các bệnh nhân được phẫu thuật cắt dịch kính bóc màng ngăn trong vạt quặt ngược với mục tiêu đánh giá tình trạng đóng lỗ hoàng điểm bằng OCT và tìm hiểu các yếu tố liên quan với tình trạng đóng lỗ sau phẫu thuật điều trị bong võng mạc do lỗ hoàng điểm. Sau phẫu thuật cuối tất cả võng mạc đều áp lại, tỉ lệ đóng lỗ hoàng điểm trên OCT là 63%. Trên OCT đều thấy có tổn thương mất liên tục liên kết lớp trong và ngoài tế bào quang thụ hoặc/ và màng giới hạn ngoài. Thời gian bệnh, mức độ bong, trục nhãn cầu, giãn phình hậu cực có liên quan tới khả năng đóng lỗ hoàng điểm sau phẫu thuật (p < 0,05). Thị lực nhóm đóng và không đóng lỗ không có khác biệt.
Naturaleza jurídica del arbitraje
Authors: Sequeira Byron
Published: May 2021

El arbitraje tiene razón de ser en los instrumentos que lo impulsan. Sin embargo, estas herramientas requieren de un enfoque más allá de las normas que, únicamente, la doctrina se ha encargado de desarrollar. Este enfoque parte del análisis filosófico del arbitraje como institución jurídica y de ahí se extiende a las formas en que ha de ejecutarse. Como toda institución encarna un sentido propio que al existir permanece y se exterioriza en las normativas de los ordenamientos jurídicos. A esto se le conoce como la naturaleza jurídica. En este trabajo se analiza las dos corrientes más aceptadas sobre la naturaleza jurídica del arbitraje, a saber, la teoría contractualista y la teoría jurisdiccionalista que, según la realidad de cada ordenamiento jurídico, tendrá su razón de ser.
On integral sum labeling of dense graphs
Authors: Nicholas T.
Published: May 2021

A graph is said to be a \textit{sum graph} if there exists a set $S$ of positive integers as its vertex set with two vertices adjacent whenever their sum is in $S$. An integral sum graph is defined just as the sum graph, the difference being that the label set $S$ is a subset of $Z$ instead of set of positive integers. The sum number of a given graph $G$ is defined as the smallest number of isolated vertices which when added to $G$ results in a sum graph. The integral sum number of $G$ is analogous. In this paper, we mainly prove that any connected graph $G$ of order $n$ with at least three vertices of degree $(n-1)$ is not an integral sum graph. We characterise the integral sum graph $G$ of order $n$ having exactly two vertices of degree $(n-1)$ each and hence give an alternative proof for the existence theorem of sum graphs.
Finite summation formulae for multivariable H-function
Authors: Sharma C. K. , Singh Roshani
Published: May 2021

In the present paper, an attempt has been made to derive finite summation formulae for the $H$-function introduced by H.M. Srivastava and R. Panda [6]. Since the multivariable H- Function includes a large number of a special functions of one and more variables as its particular cases. Therefore, the results established here serve as key formulas giving as a large number of new and interesting results by specializing the parameter involved.
Subclasses of analytic functions with respect to symmetric and conjugate points
Authors: Selvaraj C. , Vasanthi N.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we introduce new subclasses of convex and starlike functions with respect to other points. The coefficient estimates for these classes are obtained.
On approximate solutions of a certain hyperbolic partial differential equation
Authors: Pachpatte B. G.
Published: May 2021

In this paper we study approximatesolutions of a certain hyperbolic partial differential equation withthe given initial boundary conditions. A variant of a certainfundamental integral inequality with explicit estimate is used toestablish the results. The discrete analogues of the main resultsare also given.
Free and cyclic canonical $\bf{(m,n)-}$ ary hypermodules
Authors: Belali Z. , Anvariyeh S. M. , Mirvakili S.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the class of free and cyclic canonical $(m,n)-$ary hypermodules over Krasner $(m,n)-$ary hyperrings is defined. Free canonical $(m,n)-$ary hypermodules are a generalization of free canonical hypermodules and a generalization of free modules. Also, several properties are found. In addition, we introduce the concepts of a free basis and a free $(m,n)$-hypermodules as a free object in the category of $(m,n)$-hypermodules and prove some results in this respect. Finally, we obtain some results and relations among a finitely generated torsion free and a free $(m,n)$-hypermodule.
Las nuevas formas de vivienda de alquiler social en Cataluña (2015-2020): un análisis desde el marco teórico europeo
Authors: Bosch Meda Jordi
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las nuevas formas de vivienda de alquiler social que contempla la normativa catalana aprobada a partir de 2015 hasta inicios de 2020 desde seis variables: el precio del alquiler, la forma de adjudicación, los requisitos de las personas destinatarias, la financiación pública del instrumento, la titularidad del inmueble y el tiempo durante el cual la vivienda será de alquiler social. El estudio constata que: (i) todas estas nuevas viviendas, excepto las de alquiler social voluntario u obligatorio, encajarían conceptualmente en las definiciones menos exigentes, puesto que reúnen los requisitos de precio, normas de adjudicación y condiciones socioeconómicas de las personas beneficiarias; (ii) y, en cambio, solamente las obtenidas mediante tanteo y retracto o expropiación tendrían cabida en las definiciones más exigentes, ya que son las únicas cuya titularidad recae sobre el sector público o el tercer sector.
Health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa: Is it mean reversion? A Fourier unit root test approach
Authors: Olalude Gbenga A. , Olayinka Hammed A. , Ojo Oluwadare O.
Published: May 2021

The aim of the paper is to examine the mean reversion in health expenditure of 45 sub-Saharan African countries. The series on current health expenditure (percent of GDP in total), obtained from the World Development Indicators, each spanned the years 2000–2017. We employed the Fourier unit root test, which allows modelling structural breaks, to deal with any such breaks that could arise as a result of a small sample size (18 years) of data available on health expenditure of the selected countries. The results showed evidence of mean reversion in the health spending pattern of 27 sub-Saharan African countries. There is evidence of nonmean reversion in the health expenditure pattern of the remaining 18 countries considered. We further investigate the link between health expenditure and health outcome, using infant mortality rate and under-five mortality rate as health outcome variables. An inverse association could be observed between the infant mortality rate and health expenditure and between the under-five mortality rate and health expenditure in 24 sub-Saharan African countries. On the other hand, in 13 other sub-Saharan African countries we observed a positive association between the variables. The findings of this study could be of great importance to healthcare delivery programmes in the studied countries.
The Internet as a space for Anonymous Alcoholics self-help groups to operate during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Dudkiewicz Marek , Hoffmann Beata
Published: May 2021

The pandemic situation both in Poland and in the world, caused by SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19), has a serious impact on most social, demographic and economic processes. Lack of social activity, including interpersonal communication, participation in public and professional life is one of the main causes of mental and emotional state deterioration of people in countries affected by the virus infection. The situation may turn out to be particularly acute for people struggling with addictions. During the process of recovery of non-drinking alcoholics, the regular contact with a group and the ability to seek help from each member of a group are essential. Due to the pandemic meetings of Anonymous Alcoholics and other therapeutic groups have been suspended throughout the country until further notice. Virtual communication (using technology solutions) during a pandemic appears to be the only alternative to traditional face-to-face communication, and online self-help groups are the only option of participation. Questions arise: whether and to what extent a group operating online is able to compensate for meetings of groups operating in the real world. The study on the functioning of AA groups during the COVID-19 pandemic (or more precisely - in the first months of the pandemic) was carried out by using the quantitative method on a sample group of 225 respondents. The results are presented in the article below.
Satisfaction with the work of people employed in professional support services and their sense of stress
Authors: Nowosad Katarzyna
Published: May 2021

In contemporary social life, the role and importance of the professional support services is increasing. This is due to the growing threats related to poverty, destitution, social exclusion, aggression and violence, and blocking of the development opportunities of both individuals and various social groups. Therefore, expectations and requirements for social service professionals are increasing. Their job satisfaction is related to the feeling of mental strain they experience in solving difficult human life problems, and sometimes with powerlessness in the face of inexorable fate or bureaucratic barriers. Consequently, this situation is a source of strong stress for them, unpleasant emotional experiences and, as a result, professional dissatisfaction. This article is devoted to the diagnosis of job satisfaction of people operating in social assistance. This issue is considered in the context of their sense of stress. Thus, it allows to verify the relationships between these variables.
EFFICENCY OF PERFORMING THE INTERNAL AUDIT FUNCTION IN POLISH PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Palus Grzegorz
Published: May 2021

The aim of the article is to present the operation of internal audit in Polish public higher education. The presentation is quantitative with particular emphasis on the efficiency of functioning of the internal audit. Due to the fact that internal audit is not most frequently represented at Polish universities – most often it is one person working full-time, the author assumed that an effective audit would be the ability to implement the audit plan in a given year.
Globalizarea, guvernanta si mediul in deceniul urmator
Authors: Bran Florina , Radulescu Carmen Valentina , Burlacu Sorin , Bodislav Dumitru Alexandru
Published: May 2021

Supravietuirea in casa vietii este determinata nu numai de factorii naturali, ci si de cei antropici, de oameni. Omule, lasa natura sa traiasca.., prin ea vei trai si tu! Dimensioneaza-ti mintea, sufletul in primul rand, prin politica pe care o duci, pentru conservarea biodiversitatii, a resurselor naturale, dar si acelor create de tine, nu numai astazi, dar si maine ...
Oncology clinical trials nursing: A scoping review
Authors: Hong Mai , Hayden K. Alix , Raffin Bouchal Shelley , Sinclair Shane
Published: May 2021

In the 21st century, cancer is a disease that captures much of our attention for its complexity, and its physical, emotional, and financial impacts on one’s life. Research attention and investment in cancer management has made it the most studied disease in clinical trials globally. Clinical trials nurses are part of the oncology research team and a fundamental factor in trial success. Their direct relationship with research subjects is the key connection in the operation of clinical trials at the front line. The influx and complexity of oncology clinical trials has transformed both oncology nursing practice in general and led to the development of the unique subspecialty of the oncology clinical trials nurse. This scoping review investigated the role and future practice of the clinical trials nurse.
Modèle de soins partagés pour les hémopathies malignes chroniques complexes
Authors: Cheung Verna , Siddiq Nancy , Devlin Rebecca , McNamara Caroline , Gupta Vikas
Published: May 2021

Les néoplasies myéloprolifératives (NMP) sont des leucémies chroniques rares sans chromosome Philadelphie. L’expertise de cette maladie peu commune est limitée et concentrée dans des centres spécialisés où les patients doivent se rendre pour obtenir confirmation du diagnostic, prendre des décisions complexes, recevoir des soins de soutien et accéder à de nouveaux médicaments par la participation à des essais cliniques. Toutefois, les nombreux déplacements nécessaires pour ces rendez-vous représentent un poids pour les patients; ils augmentent le fardeau financier, accroissent le stress des proches aidants et nuisent à la qualité de vie. Pour s’attaquer à ce problème, le programme du Centre de cancérologie Princess Margaret (PM) dédié aux NMP a mis en place un modèle de soins partagés et a misé sur la collaboration avec les équipes soignantes locales afin d’offrir aux patients atteints de NMP une prise en charge continue et des soins de soutien plus accessibles. Ainsi, les patients se déplacent moins et reçoivent des soins de qualité axés sur leurs besoins. Le présent article décrit l’expérience de mise en œuvre du modèle de soins partagés au Centre Princess Margaret, expérience qui pourrait s’étendre à d’autres hémopathies malignes chroniques et maladies chroniques rares. L’objectif ultime des soins partagés n’est pas de centraliser les services, mais plutôt de bâtir une communauté de soins accessibles pour le patient.
Lebenswelt Primärversorgung – Plädoyer für die Integration einer salutogenetischen Säule in ambulante Versorgungsstrukturen
Authors: Schnabel Monika , Röhrich Christina , Kohls Niko
Published: May 2021

Die Gesundheitsversorgung in Deutschland steht aufgrund des demografischen Wandels, veränderter Arbeits- und Lebensrealitäten und akut durch die pandemische Verbreitung des Covid-19 Virus vor multiplen und neuen Herausforderungen. Für eine zunehmend ältere Bevölkerung ergibt sich ein erhöhter Bedarf an komplexen Gesundheitsversorgungsdienstleistungen, die biopsychosoziale Belange chronisch und/oder multipel erkrankter Personen auch und gerade unter den Bedingungen der Covid-19 Pandemie berücksichtigen. Die Autoren plädieren dafür, ambulante Versorgungsstrukturen als Lebenswelt für gesundheitsförderliche Maßnahmen zu begreifen und zu nutzen. Sie stellen den Mehrwert der komplementären Integration einer salutogenetischen, von einem biopsychosozialen Verständnis getragenen Säule in die Primärversorgung im Sinne der WHO-Agenda zu Health Promotion dar und unterbreiten Vorschläge zur kurz- und langfristigen Umsetzung.
Pflegeversicherungsreform 2021 – Was muss geschehen und was geht noch?
Authors: Rothgang Heinz , Kalwitzki Thomas
Published: May 2021

Ein Vierteljahrhundert nach ihrer Einführung benötigt die Pflegeversicherung eine Strukturreform, die sich auf ihre Finanzierung und Leistungserbringung beziehen muss - und die bereits medienwirksam angekündigt wurde. Inzwischen schließt sich das Zeitfenster für eine große Reform in der laufenden Legislaturperiode aber wieder. Im Beitrag wird untersucht, welche Reformschritte notwendig sind und welche davon in dieser und welche in der nächsten Legislaturperiode zu gehen sind.
Schwangerschaftsvorsorge im Spannungsfeld der Berufsgruppen
Authors: Hertle Dagmar , Wende Danny , Schmitt Nikolaus
Published: May 2021

Die Betreuung schwangerer Frauen teilen sich in Deutschland GynäkologInnen und Hebammen. Dabei kann die Schwangere nach ihren Bedürfnissen frei wählen, von wem sie betreut werden möchte. Die Inanspruchnahme von Hebammenleistungen und eine im Sinne der Schwangeren reibungsfreie Zusammenarbeit der Berufsgruppen wird jedoch durch formale Hürden behindert. Schwangere geraten zwischen die Fronten der Berufsgruppen. Um Wahlfreiheit und gute Kooperation zu gewährleisten, müssen die bestehenden Hürden beseitigt werden.
Base Excision Repair in Sugarcane – A New Outlook
Authors: Maíra Cabral de Medeiros Nathalia , Castanho Scortecci Katia
Published: May 2021

The base excision repair (BER) pathway has been associated with genome integrity maintenance. Owing to its central role, BER is present in all three domains of life. The studies in plants, considering BER, have been conducted using Arabidopsis and rice models. Therefore, future studies regarding BER are required in other organisms, particularly in crops such as sugarcane, to understand its mechanism, which may reflect the uniqueness of DNA repair in monocots. Our previous results have revealed that sugarcane is an interesting plant for studying this pathway considering the polyploidy genome and genome evolution. This chapter aimed to characterize the BER pathway in sugarcane by using different bioinformatics tools, for example, screening for BER homologs in the sugarcane genome to identify its members. Each sequence obtained was subjected to structural analysis, and certain differences were identified when Arabidopsis was compared to other monocots, including sugarcane. Moreover, ROS1, DEM, and DML3 were not identified as a complete sequence in the sugarcane EST database. Furthermore, FEN1 is present as two sequences, namely FEN1A and FEN1B, both featuring different amino acid sequence and motif presence. Furthermore, FEN1 sequence was selected for further characterization considering its evolutionary history, as sequence duplication was observed only in the Poaceae family. Considering the importance of this protein for BER pathway, this sequence was evaluated using protein models (3D), and a possible conservation was observed during protein–protein interaction. Thus, these results help us understand the roles of certain BER components in sugarcane, and may reveal the aspects and functions of this pathway beyond those already established in the literature.
The Role of Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System in the Progression of Cognitive Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ganesan Vinothkumar
Published: May 2021

Renin angiotensin aldosterone (RAAS) is very well established as a regulator of blood pressure (BP) and a determinant of target organ injury. It controls fluid and electrolyte balance through coordinated effects on the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys. The main effector of RAAS is angiotensin II (Ang II), which exerts its vasoconstrictor effect primarily on the postglomerular arterioles, thereby raising the glomerular hydraulic pressure and ultrafiltration of plasma proteins, which may lead to the initiation and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). RAAS also plays a, key role in hypertension and cerebrovascular disease. Enhanced Ang II levels accelerate the initiation and progression of cell senescence by fostering inflammation and oxidative stress. Sustained activation of RAAS facilitates aging-related CKD and results in cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, in many hypertension treatment studies, the frequency of fatal and nonfatal stroke has been greatly reduced, and this is very important since a history of stroke doubles the risk of dementia in both patients without CKD and hemodialysis. In CKD patients with AD, anemia has also been identified as a risk factor for cognitive impairment, and correction of anemia with recombinant erythropoietin treatment has been shown to enhance cognition measures, such as AD markers and neuropsychological tests.
Our Journey Beyond Sunset Boulevard: Evidence-Based Analysis of Tumor-Targeted Cancer Gene Therapy Shines a Critical Spotlight on Long-Term Cancer-Free Survival
Authors: L. Hall Frederick , M. Gordon Erlinda
Published: May 2021

This unique “PERSPECTIVE” on Targeted Genetic Medicine for Cancer represents the third manuscript in a series of medical oncology papers by gene therapy pioneers, Gordon and Hall, a combined medical oncologist’s and layman’s trilogy recorded with the following intents and purposes: (i) documenting significant milestones in clinical oncology for the medical community, (ii) honoring forthright principles of “Informed Consent” for the advanced/refractory oncology patient, and (iii) confronting logical fallacies of popular opinion, in light of recent critical analyses of long-term cancer-free survival data. As with the two previous historical “perspectives,” the authors present noteworthy up-to-date clinical research documenting the successful management of refractory metastatic cancers with tumor-targeted gene therapy vectors—validating “Pathotropic” (disease-seeking) tumor targeting Avant la Lettre. This paper provides additional insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of both tumor-targeting and tumor-eradication. As with the prior two papers, the authors utilize the revealing powers of allegory and classic literature, adding shared iconic cinematic experiences of postmodernism at times, to educate, inform, and convey the formidable yet verifiable and important hard-core science (that is, the fundamental chemistries, biophysics, molecular biology, genetics, stem cell biology, regulatory biology, synthetic virology, tumor immunology, clinical oncology, bio-pharmacology, histopathology, and cancer gene therapy) embodied within the “smart” therapeutic nanoparticle, DeltaRex-G: a refined “primal-hunter” & “tumor-killer” that actively seeks out the cryptic/hidden “Biochemical (Jailbreak) Signatures” of metastatic cancers, delivers targeted gene therapy “precisely”totumor cells, and ultimately eradicates both primary and metastatic lesions, including lymphatic metastases. Accomplishment of the “DeltaRex-G Rescue-Mission of 2019” with updated FDA regulatory approvals and sustainable/scalable cGMP bioproduction is considered opportune—while the Right-to-Try experimental therapies legislation in the United States comes face-to-face with the U.S. FDA approval of Expanded Access for DeltaRex-G for advanced pancreatic cancer and sarcoma, and compassionate use for all solid tumors—as such, the authors embrace the legitimate rights of the cancer patient to be more fully informed of such beneficial treatments currently available in the United States.
Cooking with Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Authors: Florencia de Alzaa Ana , Guillaume Claudia , Ravetti Leandro
Published: May 2021

Mediterranean cultures have used Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) as the only source of cooking oil for centuries, with their diet showing the highest amount of scientifically proven health benefits. However, there is a common misconception that EVOO is not suitable for cooking given its relatively lower smoke point, despite no scientific evidence that support this. This chapter aims to provide an overview of how EVOO is healthier, safer, and more stable to cook with than other common edible oils. Furthermore, this chapter aims to present EVOO’s suitability for use on Teflon coated pans, which is another common myth.
Assessment of Pain, Acceptance of Illness, Adjustment to Life and Strategies of Coping with the Illness in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Religioni Urszula , Czerw Aleksandra , M. Badowska-Kozakiewicz Anna , Budzik Michał , Deptała Andrzej
Published: May 2021

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cancer causing death in the world. The prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer is relatively low, which may be reflected in the patients’ lack of acceptance of the illness and passive attitudes towards the illness. The aim of the study was to evaluate the strategy of coping with pain and its control, acceptance of the illness and adjustment to life with cancer in patients suffering from pancreatic cancer. Forty-six patients with pancreatic cancer were included in the study. They were treated as outpatients at the Center of Oncology at Maria Skłodowska-Curie’s Institute in Warsaw between 2017 and 2018. The questionnaire included four psychometric tests: BPCQ, CSQ, AIS and MiniMAC. In the BPCQ test the highest average test result was obtained by “internal factors” (M = 16.85; SD = 5.64). The most frequently chosen strategies for coping with pain are praying/hoping (M = 22.33; SD = 7.85). The average illness acceptance score was 23.13 (SD = 7.84). The most common methods of psychological adjustment to cancer for the studied group are the strategies of positive re-evaluation (M = 20.07, SD = 3.67). Patients with pancreatic cancer have a low level of acceptance of their illness.
Asthma Phenotypes and Current Biological Treatments
Authors: Gülşen Aşkın
Published: May 2021

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by bronchial hyperreactivity, chronic airway inflammation, and reversible airflow obstruction, and it affects individuals in all age groups. In recent years, the concept of intrinsic and extrinsic asthma as per the former classification has been replaced by endotypic and phenotypic definitions. However, the two main asthma endotypes described and have simplified its classification. These endotypes, “Th2-high” and “Th2-low”, are based on various measurements obtained for different biological materials, including blood, bronchial and sputum samples. The definitions of asthma is useful for targeted and individualized treatments, estimating the treatment response and prognosis. In the field of respiratory medicine, biological drugs (BDs) have shown rapid evolution and positive developments in the last 10 years, particularly for the treatment of asthma, interstitial lung disease, and lung cancer. However, because of the increasing number of BDs and associated studies, it has become very difficult to update treatment guidelines on a regular basis. BDs are used for patients with difficult-to-treat, moderate to severe, and/or uncontrolled allergic asthma. Here we present a review of current asthma phenotypes and the role, efficacy, and side effects of BDs used for the treatment of these conditions.
Recent Applications of RNA Sequencing in Food and Agriculture
Authors: R. Sripathi Venkateswara , C. Anche Varsha , B. Gossett Zachary , T. Walker Lloyd
Published: May 2021

RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is the leading, routine, high-throughput, and cost-effective next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach for mapping and quantifying transcriptomes, and determining the transcriptional structure. The transcriptome is a complete collection of transcripts found in a cell or tissue or organism at a given time point or specific developmental or environmental or physiological condition. The emergence and evolution of RNA-Seq chemistries have changed the landscape and the pace of transcriptome research in life sciences over a decade. This chapter introduces RNA-Seq and surveys its recent food and agriculture applications, ranging from differential gene expression, variants calling and detection, allele-specific expression, alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation site usage, microRNA profiling, circular RNAs, single-cell RNA-Seq, metatranscriptomics, and systems biology. A few popular RNA-Seq databases and analysis tools are also presented for each application. We began to witness the broader impacts of RNA-Seq in addressing complex biological questions in food and agriculture.