bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kolaborasi Stakeholder Kelurahan dalam Perencanaan dan Pembangunan melalui Integrasi Informasi Geografis
Authors: Rini Erma Fitria , Mukaromah Hakimatul , Rahayu Murtanti Jani
Published: August 2019

Pemanfaatan sistem informasi geografis menjadi salah satu strategi dalam proses perencanaan kawasan yang berkelanjutan. Dinamika pemanfaatan ruang dapat terekam dan konflik keruangan karena data yang overlap dapat diminimalisir. Pengembangan sistem informasi geografis yang baik memerlukan kolaborasi antar stakeholder di tingkat kelurahan sebagai unit formal terkecil perencanaan kawasan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kolaborasi stakeholder di Kelurahan Jagalan dan Kelurahan Sudiroprajan dalam perencanaan dan pembangunan melalui integrasi informasi geografis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belum ada kolaborasi antar stakeholder kelurahan dalam perencanaan melalui integrasi informasi geografis. Kedua kelurahan belum memiliki sumberdaya manusia yang cakap dalam mengoperasikan sistem informasi geografis dan juga belum memiliki perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak dengan spesifikasi yang cukup untuk mengembangkan basis data geospasial kelurahan. Aparat kelurahan masih menggunakan teknik konvensional untuk membangun basis data kelurahan dan belum ada keterlibatan masyarakat sebagai pengguna ruang kota. Disisi lain, aparat kelurahan dan masyarakat di kedua kelurahan memiliki kemauan dan potensi kapasitas individu untuk diberikan pelatihan dalam mengoperasikan dan mengembangkan basis data geospasial kelurahan.
Systematic review on HIV situation, gaps and challenges in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Adal Melaku
Published: August 2019

Background

HIV prevalence in the Addis Ababa is still higher in key and priority populations. Therefore, this systematic review was carried out aiming in determining the prevalence of HIV, mortality rate by HIV/AIDS and predisposing risk factors, identification of hotspot areas, key and priority populations, availability and utilization of services, and challenges and gaps to be addressed for prevention and control of HIV epidemic in Addis Ababa.Methods

The documents relevant to address the objectives were collected from online databases Google scholar and PubMed for published works. In addition, unpublished survey and surveillance reports, performance reports and project assessment findings, and mapping results were collected from partner organizations working on HIV/AIDS prevention and control.Results

It appears that the HIV prevalence stabilizes, but varies along areas and socio-demographic groups. The most common hot spots in Addis Ababa are areas where bars, groceries, pensions, guest houses, hotels, brothels, massage houses, khat houses, shisha houses, night clubs, drinking establishments and tourist frequented settings are concentrated. The recognized key population (KP) is the female sex workers (FSWs). There is sexual mixing of key and priority populations (KPPs) with the general population. There are various behavioural, biological and socio-economic predisposing risk factors that drive HIV epidemic, and respective behavioural, biomedical and structural intervention measures are identified in the presence of gaps and challenges to address the problem.Conclusions

HIV prevalence in Addis Ababa seems stabilized. However, it varies along different groups of the population. There are many behavioural, biological and socio-economic factors that predisposed to HIV/AIDS. Weak monitoring of the quality of interventions, limited linkage of positive clients, lost to follow up, financial shortage, limited man power and coordination, data quality and gaps in use of program data or research findings are some of the gaps and challenges. Therefore, prevention and control measures using behavioural, structural and biomedical interventions through filling of gaps and tackle challenges should be strengthened in order to prevent and control HIV/AIDS.
“Dying due to poverty and lack of easy transport”: A qualitative study on access and availability of pre-hospital emergency medical services in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Mehmood Amber , Wadhwaniya Shirin , Zziwa Esther Bayiga , Kobusingye Olive C
Published: August 2019

Background

Emergency care services in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) have traditionally received less attention in the dominant culture favouring vertical health programs. The unmet needs of pre-hospital and hospital-based emergency services are high but the barriers to accessing safe and quality emergency medical services (EMS) remain largely unaddressed. Few studies in Sub-Saharan Africa have qualitatively investigated barriers to EMS use, and quality of pre-hospital services from the providers and community perspective. We conducted a qualitative study to describe the patient-centred approach to emergency care in Kampala, Uganda, with specific attention to access to EMS.Methods

The data collection was comprised of Key Informant Interviews (KII) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with the community members. KII participants were selected using maximum purposive sampling based on expert knowledge of emergency care systems, and service delivery. FGDs were conducted to understand perceptions and experiences towards access to pre-hospital care, and to explore barriers to utilization of EMS. The respondents of ten KII and seven FGDs included pre-hospital EMS (PEMS) administrators, policy makers, police, health workers and community members. We conducted a directed content analysis to identify key themes and triangulate findings across different informant groups.Results

Key themes emerged across interviews and discussions concerning: (1) lack of funds, (2) lack of standards, (3) need for upfront payments for emergency transport and care, 4) corruption, 5) poor quality pre-hospital emergency service, 6) poor quality hospital emergency care, and 7) delay in seeking treatment.Conclusions

Patient-centred emergency care should be an integral part of comprehensive health care services. As Uganda and other LMICs continue to strive for universal health coverage, it is critical to prioritize and integrate emergency care within health systems owing to its cross-cutting nature. Community perceptions around access and quality of PEMS should be addressed in national policies covering affordable and safe EMS.
A Comparison of Lumbosacral Kinematics during Prolonged Sitting in Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain Subgroups; a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alameri Mansoor , III Everett Lohman , Daher Noha , Dudley Robert , Shallan Amjad , Jaber Hatem
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Although, non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) has been associated with abnormal lumbosacral kinematics, little is known about the possible driving mechanisms of pain development overtime during prolonged sitting period. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the differences in lumbosacral postures in adults with and without NSCLBP, and their role on pain development during a 1-hour of prolonged sitting task.
Methods: Twenty NSCLBP subjects with motor control impairment (MCI) [10 classified as having flexion pattern (FP) disorder, and 10 with active extension pattern (AEP) disorder], and 10 healthy controls participated in the study. Subjects underwent a 1-hour sitting protocol on a standard office chair. Lumbosacral postures including: sacral tilt (ST), third lumbar vertebrae (L3) position, and relative lower lumbar angle (RLLA) were recorded using a two-dimensional inclinometer over the 1-hour period. Perceived back pain intensity was recorded using a numeric pain rating scale every 10 minutes throughout the sitting period.
Results: All study groups presented with significantly distinctive lumbosacral kinematics at the lowest level of pain (the beginning of the sitting period) (p<0.05), as well as at the highest level of pain (the end of the sitting period) (p£0.05). The MCI subgroups showed a significant deterioration in lumbosacral kinematics and pain levels overtime (p<0.01). The directions of deterioration in lumbosacral kinematics over the 1-hour sitting period occurred in the direction of the motor control impairment (kyphosis for FP subgroup or lordosis for the AEP subgroup). Both MCI subgroups reported a similarly significant increase in pain through mid-sitting (p<0.001). However, after mid-sitting, the AEP subgroup displayed a significantly reversed decrease in the lordotic postures (p=0.001) which was accompanied by much less increase in pain level compared to the FP subgroup.
Conclusion : The present study’s findings suggest that MCI subgroups presented with distinctive underlying maladaptive postural patterns. However, the significant increase in pain over the 1-hour sitting might not be only attributed to the inherent maladaptive postures, also it may be related to the directional deterioration in lumbosacral postures overtime.
El ejercicio del poder desde la evaluación: un campo de indagación para la evolución de la universidad colombiana
Authors: García Jiménez Marlon David
Published: August 2019

Históricamente el espacio clásico de formación (el aula) ha estado expuesta al aprendizaje de contenidos mediante el uso de la memoria semántica rutinaria, predominando así el aprendizaje tradicional sobre el aprendizaje significativo (De Posada, 2002, p. 101); la reflexión en relación con estos contenidos ha sido prácticamente nula, debido a obstáculos como la utilización de métodos simplistas por parte del docente para el aprendizaje de conceptos con un grado de complejidad más alto y la apatía por parte de los estudiantes para comprometerse con el desarrollo autónomo de conocimiento, situación que encuentra una explicación en el apego del estudiante a sus ideas previas, la falta de motivación y actitud positiva, y la falta de empatía entre el estudiante y el profesor (p. 102).
Efectos del consumo de alcohol sobre la memoria de trabajo: estudio de caso único
Authors: Tangarife Aguirre Mary Luz , Montoya Del Río Johana Andrea , Gómez Múnera María Isabel
Published: August 2019

El alcoholismo es considerado una enfermedad crónica que altera la funcionalidad cerebral en sus diferentes procesos, uno de ellos es la memoria de trabajo, asociada con la corteza prefrontal específicamente con la región dorsolateral. Esta alteración surge de la interacción del etanol con ciertos neurotransmisores principalmente GABA (inhibidor) y glutamato (excitador). Se presume que las personas alcohólicas presentan no solo cambios en la estructura cerebral, sino también importantes deterioros en tareas de memoria y altas tasas de fracaso cognitivo. Por tal motivo, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo indagar sobre las dificultades físicas y cognitivas, que pueden presentarse en un sujeto consumidor de alcohol, a través de la aplicación de las subpruebas de memoria de la escala de Wechsler y la Figura Compleja de Rey.
En el resultado obtenido, los puntajes fueron inferiores, sin embargo, lograron ubicarse dentro de la media poblacional, lo cual indica que en el evaluado no hay una significativa alteración en su memoria de trabajo, a pesar de sus antecedentes de consumo de alcohol durante 30 años. Esto podría explicarse por estudios que demuestran que en los consumidores de alcohol, se produce una reorganización de los sistemas cerebrales necesarios para satisfacer las demandas ejecutivas, recurriendo a partes no especializadas de la corteza prefrontal, para intentar compensar sus déficits en tareas cognitivas complejas. Adicionalmente se establecen deterioros significativos en la metamemoria, entendida como la capacidad de automonitoreo de la propia memoria y de sus limitaciones, en ese sentido las personas alcohólicas suelen sobreestimar sus capacidades memorísticas.
Las habilidades sociales en los ambientes escolares
Authors: Jaramillo Valencia Bairon , Guzmán Atehortúa Natalia
Published: August 2019

El presente artículo demuestra las habilidades sociales que poseen los estudiantes al momento de estar en educación inicial y al cursar posteriormente primer grado de básica primaria, por lo que se hace una relación comparativa entre ambos ambientes escolares. Asimismo, se determinan las características de dichas habilidades, especificando los componentes y demás concepciones que se desglosan de estas.
Por otra parte, esta investigación elige el estudio de caso como opción metodológica, basándose en un paradigma cualitativo de corte descriptivo. Los resultados se presentan a partir de la aplicación de técnicas de recolección de información como la escala de observación de habilidades sociales, la entrevista a la docente de básica primaria, los informes pedagógicos del último grado de educación inicial y la técnica interactiva mural de situaciones.
El estudio del cual se deriva la escritura de este texto, tuvo como nombre ‘la transición escolar y su incidencia en las habilidades sociales’, en la que participaron la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó y la Fundación Educativa Colegio San Juan Eudes.
La ficción del hombre acerca del poder absoluto sobre la vida afectiva y las acciones. una lectura desde Baruch Spinoza
Authors: Viveros Chavarría Edison Francisco
Published: August 2019

En este artículo el argumento sostiene que para Spinoza los seres humanos no pueden tener control absoluto sobre su vida afectiva y tampoco las acciones que se derivan de esta. Pero pueden apelar a la razón para matizar la aparición de la potencia afectiva en la conciencia humana. La llegada a la libertad se genera sólo por la vía de la razón cuando reflexiona la vida afectiva. En Spinoza razón y afectividad están ligadas una a la otra y por tanto se complementan. A veces la razón logra mantener los afectos asentados por la explicación de sus causas, pero la vida afectiva es más fuerte y somete a la razón.
Narrativas mitológicas del amor y la elección de objeto
Authors: Cano Castrillón Sergio Andrés , Cano Scarpetta José Alejandro
Published: August 2019

El Éros tiene un papel principal en la cosmogonía de los griegos. Este concepto, le da un inicio a la tierra y a todas las criaturas que viven allí: dioses, semidioses, hombres, animales y todos los elementos que componen el cosmos. El presente escrito tiene como principal objetivo: mostrar cómo el Mýthos ha cimentado las creencias que tienen las personas en la contemporaneidad sobre el concepto de amor y cómo a través de la concepción que se gesta en cada sujeto hay una posterior elección por una persona u otra. Se pretende dar un correlato entre el mito y la elección.
Herbal Medicine for Slowing Aging and Aging-associated Conditions: Efficacy, Mechanisms and Safety
Authors: Phu Hoa T. , Thuan Duong T.B. , Nguyen Thi H.D. , Posadino Anna M. , Eid Ali H. , Pintus Gianfranco
Published: August 2019

Aging and aging-associated diseases are issues with unsatisfactory answers in the medical field. Aging causes important physical changes which, even in the absence of the usual risk factors, render the cardiovascular system prone to some diseases. Although aging cannot be prevented, slowing down the rate of aging is entirely possible to achieve. In some traditional medicine, medicinal herbs such as Ginseng, Radix Astragali, Ganoderma lucidum, Ginkgo biloba, and Gynostemma pentaphyllum are recognized by the “nourishing of life” and their role as anti-aging phytotherapeutics is increasingly gaining attention. By mainly employing PubMed here we identify and critically analysed 30 years of published studies focusing on the above herbs' active components against aging and aging-associated conditions. Although many plant-based compounds appear to exert an anti-aging effect, the most effective resulted in being flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and polysaccharides, which include astragaloside, ginkgolide, ginsenoside, and gypenoside specifically covered in this review. Their effects as antiaging factors, improvers of cognitive impairments, and reducers of cardiovascular risks are described, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying the above-mentioned effects along with their potential safety. Telomere and telomerase, PPAR-α, GLUTs, FOXO1, caspase-3, bcl-2, along with SIRT1/AMPK, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 pathways appear to be their preferential targets. Moreover, their ability to work as antioxidants and to improve the resistance to DNA damage is also discussed. Although our literature review indicates that these traditional herbal medicines are safe, tolerable, and free of toxic effects, additional well-designed, large-scale randomized control trials need to be performed to evaluate short- and long-term effects and efficacy of these medicinal herbs.
Probing into Therapeutic Anti-cancer Potential of Apigenin: Recent Trends and Future Directions
Authors: Sharma Ajay , Ghani Abdul , Sak Katrin , Tuli Hardeep S. , Sharma Anil K. , Setzer William N. , Sharma Sanjeev , Das Amit K.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Natural products represent a therapeutic option for the treatment of inflammation-
associated diseases. Flavonoids which are one of the special categories of such natural products,
have previously shown promising therapeutic potential.

Objectives:

The current review discusses the synthetic preview and anti-inflammatory potential of apigenin
along with the underlying molecular mechanism in chronic human diseases especially cancer. In
addition, the relevant patents on the therapeutic potential of apigenin have also been mentioned.

Methods:

A literature search was carried out using PubMed/Science, Google Scholar, etc. which was
further expended by the different combination of keywords: apigenin, inflammation, mechanism, therapeutic
potential, cancer, etc. Patent information was retrieved by searching the key terms: apigenin,
inflammation, therapeutic potential from various databanks including Espacenet, Google Patents, Free
Patents Online and Mendeley of WIPO, USPTO, SIPO, JPO, KIPO and EPO databases.

Results:

A total of 76 references have been found relevant with the theme of the manuscript. These
citations have described recent ongoing advances in the area of inflammation and cancer with respect to
apigenin.

Conclusion:

Studies related to the anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential of apigenin have been
explored through this review article. Moreover, the patent analysis of apigenin has further strengthened
its therapeutic role. Probing into the therapeutic properties of apigenin, further adds value to this molecule
in terms of its downregulation of major inflammatory and cancer-associated signaling pathways.
The article would simultaneously assist the scientific community to precisely understand the role of
apigenin and design novel anti-cancer therapies.
Vegetal synergists for trapping the adult of Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal, in pheromone baited traps, in Agave angustifolia Haw., in Morelos, Mexico
Authors: Cruz-Faustino Juan José , Figueroa-Castro Pedro , Alcántara-Jimenéz José Ángel , López-Martínez Víctor , Silva-García Francisca
Published: August 2019

The agave weevil Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) is the main insect pest of wild and cultivated agaves in Mexico and in other countries. The management of this pest is complicated because to its cryptic habits. Recently, it has been developed a trapping system based with synthetic pheromone and food bait for monitoring this insect. However, an important part of the any trapping system is to know if any can synergize the response of the insect to the synthetic pheromone. In this study, we evaluated several vegetal tissue and ripped fruits for determining its potential as synergist for the synthetic pheromone for trapping the agave weevil in “agave espadín mezcal”, in Tlaltizapán, Morelos state. The vegetal evaluated were: “maguey espadín criollo” tissue, “maguey espadín oaxaqueño” tissue, “maguey papalote” tissue, sugarcane tissue, ripped pineapple fruit, ripped banana fruit, ripped guava fruit, ripped apple fruit, and tuberose flower. Our results showed that the best synergists were agave tissue, pineapple, banana submerged in soapy water.
Estimación de la heredabilidad del intervalo entre partos en ganado cebú.
Authors: Vergara G. Oscar
Published: August 2019

Fueron analizados 327 intervalos entre partos (IEP) de ganado Cebú, en la finca Costa Rica, en el municipio de Montería, departamento de Córdoba, ocurridos entre los años 1988 y 1997. El estimativo de heredabilidad se obtuvo a través de la correlación intraclase entre medios hermanos paternos. La media y el coeficiente devariación del IEP fueron 686.64 días y 55.75% respectivamente. El efecto número de partos de la vaca fue altamente significativo (P<0.01), mientras que los efectos de año, mes y sexo no presentaron diferencia significativas. La heredabilidad estimada fue de 0.00 ± 0.06.
Transferencia de embriones fecundados in vitro en ganado bovino de doble propósito.
Authors: Gutiérrez Carlos , Cifuentes Edgar , Pérez V Rodrigo , Romero Y Luis , Martínez H Nicolás , González T Marco
Published: August 2019

En las fincas «El Tequendama» y «La Belleza», pertenecientes al Municipio de San Carlos y «El Diluvio», ubicada en el Municipio de Montería, departamento de Córdoba, se realizó el presente trabajo con el fin de validar y divulgar la técnica de transferencia de embriones fecundados in vitro en ganaderías de Doble Propósito. Las receptoras se sincronizaron con progestágenos en grupos de 25 hembras mestizas, conformados por novillas y vacas. La selección de receptoras se hizo con base en la calidad de cuerpo lúteo, normalidad del tracto reproductivo y condición corporal superior a 3, en una escala de 1 (muy flaca) a 5 (cebada). La tasa de presentación de celo a las 48 horas de retirados los implantes, en la finca «El Tequendama» fue de 100% (25/25), en «La Belleza» de 100% (25/25) y en «El Diluvio» de 92% (23/25). La transferencia de embriones se realizó por el método no quirúrgico y se obtuvo una tasa de gestación de 25%, 16% y 0% en las fincas «El Tequendama», «La Belleza» y «El Diluvio» respectivamente. En las dos primeras fincas los embriones fuerontransferidos en fresco y en la tercera fueron congelados y descongelados al momento de transferirlos.
Relationship Education and HIV Prevention for Young Male Couples Administered Online via Videoconference: Protocol for a National Randomized Controlled Trial of 2GETHER (Preprint)
Authors: Newcomb Michael E , Sarno Elissa L , Bettin Emily , Carey James , Ciolino Jody D , Hill Ricky , Garcia Christopher P , Macapagal Kathryn , Mustanski Brian , Swann Gregory , Whitton Sarah W
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Young men who have sex with men have a high HIV incidence, and a substantial proportion of incident infections occur in the context of main partnerships. However, romantic relationships also provide numerous benefits to individual health and wellbeing. 2GETHER is a relationship education and HIV prevention program for young male couples, and the 2GETHER USA randomized controlled trial (RCT) was launched to establish the efficacy of an online version of 2GETHER.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of 2GETHER is to optimize relationship functioning in young male couples as a method to improve communication about sexual risk behaviors and reduce HIV transmission. In the 2GETHER USA study, 2GETHER was adapted for online administration to couples across the United States via videoconferencing. The intervention in question aims to address the unique needs of couples from varied racial/ethnic backgrounds and geographic regions.

METHODS

This is a comparative effectiveness RCT of 2GETHER USA relative to existing public health practice (control). 2GETHER USA is a hybrid group- and individual-level intervention that delivers three weekly online group discussion sessions for skills delivery, followed by two individualized couple sessions that focus on skills implementation in each couple. The control condition differs by participant HIV status: (1) the Testing Together protocol for concordant HIV-negative couples; (2) medication adherence and risk reduction counseling for concordant HIV-positive couples; or (3) both protocols for serodiscordant couples. Follow-up assessments are delivered at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months post-intervention in both conditions. Testing for rectal and urethral Chlamydia and Gonorrhea occurs at baseline and 12-month follow-up. The primary behavioral outcome is condomless anal sex with serodiscordant serious partners or any casual partners. The primary biomedical outcome is sexually transmitted infection incidence at a 12-month follow-up.

RESULTS

As of October 11, 2019, the trial has enrolled and randomized 140 dyads (Individual N=280). Enrollment will continue until we randomize 200 dyads (N=400). Assessment of intervention outcomes at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months is ongoing.

CONCLUSIONS

2GETHER is innovative in that it integrates relationship education and HIV prevention for optimizing the health and wellbeing of young male couples. The 2GETHER USA online adaptation has the potential to reach couples across the United States and reduce barriers to accessing health care services that are affirming of sexual minority identities for those who live in rural or under-resourced areas.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03284541; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03284541

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/15883
Effect of Salt Pretreatment on the Growth and Yield of Oryza sativa L. (cv. Dendang) under Saline Condition
Authors: Arini Nindya , Kurniasih Budiastuti , Waluyo Sriyanto
Published: August 2019

Productivity of rice as staple food of Indonesia needs to be improved. One of the efforts is by utilizing saline area for agricultural land. Salinity can be a serious problem leading to a decrease in crop productivity. Plant adaptation under salinity is an alternative to lower the risk, which can be improved by seedling pretreatment. The experiment was conducted in Baros, Kretek, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The objective of this research was to determine the growth and yield response of rice cv. Dendang  to  the salt pretreatment at early stage. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design. The treatments used were salt pretreatment (T1) and without salt pretreatment (T2). The salt pretreatment increased K+ concentration, total dry matter, plant height and number of tillers. However, it decreased proline and Na+ concentration of leaf. There was no significant difference on the yield and yield component. Increasing EC values up to 8.35 dSm-¹ at generative phase reduced the rice ability to cope this level of salinity despite the application of salt pretreatment. The benefit of salt pretreatment was exhibited on rice grown under EC value 5 dSm-¹.
The Growth and Flowering of Potted Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) on Types of Organic Media and Watering Frequent
Authors: Rahmawati Ika , Sulistyaningsih Endang
Published: August 2019

The soils in Samigaluh are mostly dominated by clay and used by farmer for crops production. The growing media for potted chrysanthemum requires additional organic media that could be mixed with the organic material to improve chemical and physical soil properties. Furthermore, the research location is a region with little water in dry season. The research aimed to determine the growth and flower yield response of Avanthe agrihorti to the different organic material mixed with clay and watering frequency. The research was arranged in a split plot design with 3 replications, conducted at an altitude of 462 m above sea level in the village of Gerbosari, Samigaluh, from March to June 2018. The main plot was watering frequency, i.e. every day, every three days and every five days. The subplot was types of media, i.e. clay + manure, clay + manure + cocopeat, clay + manure +rice husk, and clay + manure + rice husk charcoal. Data on the growth and yield of chrysanthemum plants were observed and statistically analyzed with ANOVA and continued with DMRT test at 5%. The results showed that the types of media and watering frequency did not significantly give different effect on most of the observed variables. However, Avanthe Agrihorti planted on clay + manure + cocopeat at all watering frequencies showed better growth and yield of flowers than those planted on other media. The efficient watering frequency for Avanthe Agrihorti was every three days. This study provides information for farmers on an alternative method to prepare the best media for the cultivation of potted chrysanthemum on the soil clay.
North American grooved-axe replication: A taphonomic experiment in central Connecticut
Authors: Swieton Matthew
Published: August 2019

Taphonomic experiments in lithic technology have been used to understand many facets of the archaeological record including site-formation processes, artifact displacement, and wear damage. The North American grooved-axe - an artifact type of which little technological attention has been given in the literature - is examined as a case study for a taphonomic experiment conducted in Central Connecticut. The use of an actualistic taphonomic experiment is used to generate an analogous experimental signature for archaeological grooved-axe manufacturing areas in North America. More specifically, the taphonomic experiment is used here to see if the isolated technological stage of impaction is archaeologically visible before short-term formation processes affect the manufacturing area in question. Impaction is a ground stone tool manufacturing technique that is otherwise known as pecking or hammer-dressing. Hypothesized archaeological traces of impaction include the recovery of flakes with macroscopic impaction wear and a lens of impaction slurry that is both visibly and texturally distinct. In addition to generating an experimental analogue for grooved-axe impaction, the replicative dimension of the taphonomic experiment is used to informally assess the plausibility of certain technological decisions in axe manufacture. Here, the use of quartzite impaction tools and expedient anvils in the production of North American grooved-axes are scrutinized.
Paleolithic aesthetics: Collecting colorful flint pebbles at Middle Pleistocene Qesem Cave, Israel
Authors: Assaf Ella
Published: August 2019

This paper sheds light on the presence and significance of unusually small, colorful, unmodified, flint pebbles unearthed at Qesem Cave, a late Lower Paleolithic site in Israel. For over two million years, early humans were noticing, collecting and bringing "home" various non-utilitarian objects with aesthetic visible characteristics, in what seems to reflect a basic human trait. Archaeological findings suggest that as early as the Lower Paleolithic, prehistoric humans were also guided by considerations other than economic, cost-benefit ones. Such is the case at Qesem Cave, where seventeen pebbles that are clearly smaller than the smallest pebbles used in the lithic industry on-site were found. These objects do not show any traces of use. Based on archaeological and anthropological evidence, I suggest that the small, natural flint pebbles exhibit noticeable visual characteristics, and therefore they might have been selected and brought to the cave due to their aesthetic traits. Various materials such as animal carcasses, fire-wood and lithic materials were systematically procured and brought to the cave, indicating that the inhabitants must have been well acquainted with different sources of resources. In this light, the presence of the pebbles seems to be the result of conscious, purposeful decisions. Their presence at the cave reveals a fraction of some of the aesthetic and perceptual preferences of the early humans that inhabited Qesem Cave, and their rich cultural world.
Recycling in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age: evidence of flint recycling at Ein-Zippori, Israel
Authors: Parush Yoni , Yerkes Richard , Efrati Bar , Barkai Ran , Avi Gopher
Published: August 2019

This paper presents a new techno-typological analysis of a sample of small flakes that were produced through recycling from discarded blanks at the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age site of Ein-Zippori, Lower Galilee, Israel. This study shows that the systematic production of small flakes from previously discarded blanks was not related to a scarcity in raw materials, but rather to specific decisions concerning the types of tools needed to complete necessary tasks. These results are supported by use-wear analysis noted briefly here and presented in more detail in a separate paper. The results indicate that recycling was a significant lithic production trajectory during the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. Recycling also contributes to the variability in lithic assemblages from those cultural periods.
Microwear analysis of small recycled flakes and recycling products from the Ein-Zippori site, Lower Galilee, Israel
Authors: Yerkes Richard W. , Parush Yoni , Gopher Avi , Barkai Ran
Published: August 2019

A microwear analysis of recycled lithic artefacts from late Pottery Neolithic Wadi Rabah and Early Bronze Age layers at Ein-Zippori, Israel included cores-on-flakes (COFs) which are discarded blanks made into cores, and the flakes detached from them. COFs may have microwear traces that formed before they were recycled. The focus here is on how blanks removed from recycled COFs were used. Discarded flakes were not used as cores to produce small blanks at Ein-Zippori because lithic raw material was scarce, but were COFs recycled so that small tools could be produced for specific tasks? Visible wear traces were present on 19 of 44 blanks produced from COFs. Microwear traces were similar to use wear Lemorini et al. (2015) observed on much older Lower Paleolithic recycled flakes from Qesem Cave, Israel. Most flakes struck from COFs had been used to cut and scrape meat and fresh hide (42%, n=8), but four were used to work wood (21%) and four others were used to cut, scrape, or whittle bone and wood (21%), and two were used for butchering and wood working (11%). One flake only had generic weak microwear traces (5%). These were expedient flake tools, made and used in an ad hoc fashion. Specific blanks do not seem to have been used for distinct tasks.
Book review: Techno-logique & technologie: Une paléo-histoire des objets lithiques tranchants
Authors: Pérez Balarezo Antonio
Published: August 2019

El origen técnico de los objetos líticos, éste es el tema del libro de Eric Boëda: ¿de dónde vienen y hacia dónde van? (p. 224). Un cuchillo ya no es ni su función ni el gesto que lo pone en acción; un cuchillo es justamente eso que no se ve: estructura. Vale decir, eso que no se observa a simple vista. Un cuchillo es la lasca-soporte formatizada y retocada por el artesano, y más particularmente, es la lasca-soporte extraída de un núcleo, y más particularmente, el volumen específico del cual se sirvió el artesano a través de un concepto y método(s) determinado(s). Pero, también, un cuchillo, por ejemplo, es un filo cortante opuesto a un dorso; es decir, posee ciertos elementos que definen una determinada configuración volumétrica y funcional, instalada por recurrencia. De acuerdo al autor, el útil, entonces, está definido por los elementos estructurales que dan cuenta de su origen (i.e. génesis) y, esencialmente, por el lugar que ocupa en una determinada línea (lignée, p. 40) de elementos que comparten la misma lógica estructural (i.e. tecno-lógica). Esta lógica estructural está referida tanto a los modos de producción de soportes como a los modos de confección de útiles. Al interior de estas líneas técnicas, y entre ellas, tienen lugar ciertas transformaciones históricas que permiten explicar el estado estructural del objeto tal y como se nos presenta. En este sentido, anclado en el estudio de la estructura, el enfoque ontológico (p. 179) de Boëda permite aprehender al objeto en su devenir, y no por su forma actual. Al interior de cada línea, el objeto interactúa con sus pares, y es definido por ellos: un cuchillo no es tal, sino el que le ha precedido (ancestro) y el que viene después (derivado); el útil es fruto de una evolución.
First results of the hunter-gatherer weapon system studies in the middle basin of the Salado creek (Pampas Region, Argentina)
Authors: Barros Paula , Heider Guillermo , Álvarez María Clara , Kaufmann Cristian , Bellinzoni Jonathan
Published: August 2019

In this paper we present the results of the study of 32 projectile points from Hangar site, located in the Salado creek basin (centre of the province of Buenos Aires). Archaeological materials recovered from the site include some isolated human remains, several potsherds, faunal materials, and lithic artefacts. The presence of pottery and small triangular points, together with the radiocarbon dating results, indicate that the main occupations occurred during the end of the Late Holocene. Methodology used included the techno-typological study of the lithic assemblage. Results showed that the outcrops of some rocks present in the sample are found in the Humid Pampas (100-190 km distant from the site) and the Dry Pampas (400-530 km distant from the site). The projectile points show variability in design and size, attributes that have implications for distinguishing different weapon systems (e.g., arrow and dart). In the Pampas region, the Late Holocene is a period characterized by an increasing complexity in hunter-gatherer societies, as it is indicated by long-distance exchange networks and different strategies of intensification and diversification on faunal resources. In accordance with this scenario, we propose that the variability that is observed in the lithic points is a reflex of an increase in the amount of the hunted species in relation with technological innovations such as the introduction of the bow and arrow.
The introduction of the bow and arrow in the Argentine Andes (29–34º S): A preliminary metric approximation
Authors: Castro Silvina Celeste , Yebra Lucía , Marsh Erik , Cortegoso Valeria , Lucero Gustavo
Published: August 2019

The study size patterns in projectile points (n=39) from six sites in the Argentine Andes (29–34°S) associated with 17 radiocarbon dates with medians spanning 3080–470 cal BP. This is the region’s first attempt to metrically distinguish arrows and darts, which is based on shoulder or maximum width, following Shott. The northern part of the study area (29°S) includes the earliest arrow point, slightly after 3080 cal BP. This suggests a rapid spread of this technology from the central Andes 16–26°S, where early arrows are dated ~3500–3000 cal BP. However, at 32 and 34°S, arrows are not clearly present until 1280 cal BP. For 1280–400 cal BP (European contact), 96% of points were identified as arrows, suggesting the bow and arrow replaced spear-based weapon systems. A single late dart from 34°S may reflect a late use of this space by hunter-gatherers. The predominance of arrows beginning at 1280 cal BP is associated with broader changes such as demographic growth, reduced mobility, low-level food production, and herding economies, following similar trends in other regions.
La exquisitez de la recuperación del conocimiento como elemento constructor de nuevos horizontes del saber
Authors: Pavon Lopez Jesús
Published: August 2019

En la actualidad el fortalecimiento del conocimiento se encuentra en los documentos inmersos en el campo de la alta tecnología y los elementos clásicos como los libros y revistas, sin embargo el conocimiento recolectado en la canasta del saber personal, con base en las jugosas experiencias.

Donde todo lo anterior es un campo de árboles con frutos jugosos de conocimiento y nos invita a disfrutar esa fructuosa que nos llena de energía y poder seguir surcando ese cielo infinito de conocimiento que la enfermería nos proporciona, y si en este caso no eres parte profesional de este universo, podrás observar que vamos de la mano con otros campos que nos apoyan en nuestro fortalecimiento del conocimiento. Por ende nos fortalecemos todos desde nuestro diferentes horizontes y así sigamos en esa dinámica complementaria a nivel profesional y personal. 
Impacto de las Conductas Alimenticias en el Sobrepeso y la Obesidad de Tres Grupos Etarios
Authors: Ramírez Cortes Ariel , Regalado Barbosa Gabriela , Rivera Gómez Nancy , Estrada Berber Oscar Andryw , Beltrán Jiménez Indira
Published: August 2019

Introducción: De acuerdo con la ENSANUT la obesidad y sobrepeso son padecimientos que han aumentado en la población mexicana desde el 2012 hasta el 2016 donde 4 de cada 10 adolescentes y 7 de cada 10 adultos los presentan. Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre la conducta alimentaria y la alteración de las medidas antropométricas, en tres grupos etarios. Metodología: Se estudió a personas que quisieran participar, de una población de alumnos de bachillerato, universidad y trabajadores obreros, a los cuales se les aplicó el test de Cuevas-Vargas para medir la calidad de su conducta alimentaria, además de tomar medidas antropométricas. Resultados: Se encontró que en el grupo obrero y en el de bachillerato existe una correlación entre la conducta alimentaria con el peso corporal y el IMC, ya que fueron las únicas medidas que mostraron relación por debajo del nivel de significancia. La población universitaria no mostró ninguna alteración respecto a la relación con los hábitos alimenticios, sin embargo es de destacar que la media aritmética del peso corporal no varía con respecto a la de la población obrera. Conclusión: El grupo más susceptible a padecer obesidad y sobrepeso fueron los trabajadores obreros, seguido por el grupo universitario, por lo que es importante seguir fomentando una adecuada conducta alimentaria en todos los rangos de edad, además, se recomienda continuar con la búsqueda de los factores fisiológicos, psicológicos y sociales relacionados con la alteración del peso y así evitar el desarrollo de enfermedades como diabetes mellitus, enfermedades cardiovasculares, entre otras
La Autonomía del Paciente ante la Voluntad Anticipada
Authors: Jiménez López Wendy , Amaya Aguilar Jorge Alberto , Bernal Becerril Martha Lilia , Regalado Castro Karla Daniela
Published: August 2019

Introducción. En la Ciudad de México y para varios estados de la República Mexicana se encuentra en vigor la ley de voluntad anticipada, que fue promulgada en el 2008,  con la finalidad de conocer la  voluntad del paciente de su proceso de muerte, ya que en algunas circunstancias el estado cognitivo del  paciente se encuentra disfuncional para decidir con autonomía su tratamiento2. La voluntad anticipada consiste en el documento público suscrito ante notario público, donde la persona en pleno uso de sus facultades mentales, manifiesta la petición consciente, inequívoca y reiterada de no someterse a medios, tratamientos y/o procedimientos médicos, que propicien la obstinación terapéutica. Desarrollo. Dicha normativa se vincula directamente a dos acontecimientos, el primero, al desarrollo del consentimiento informado en razón de la autonomía y en segundo lugar, al temor generado a la obstinación terapéutica y prolongación de sufrimiento. Según Beauchamp y Childress, refieren que una persona autónoma es aquella que actúa intencionalmente, con conocimiento suficiente y sin influencias que determinen su acción, para recibir su tratamiento terapéutico1. La importancia recae en establecer un límite terapéutico de acuerdo con las necesidades de cada paciente, lo cual debe estar por escrito a través de un documento médico legal. Así mismo, es responsabilidad del profesional de la salud proporcionar información referente a las diferentes opciones terapéuticas, los beneficios y complicaciones que estas pueden traer consigo, y de esta forma permitir una decisión libre y autónoma.

 
Glucolipotoxicity Alters Insulin Secretion via Epigenetic Changes in Human Islets
Authors: Hall Elin , Jönsson Josefine , Ofori Jones K. , Volkov Petr , Perfilyev Alexander , Dekker Nitert Marloes , Eliasson Lena , Ling Charlotte , Bacos Karl
Published: August 2019

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insufficient insulin secretion and elevated glucose levels, often in combination with high levels of circulating fatty acids. Long-term exposure to high levels of glucose or fatty acids impair insulin secretion in pancreatic islets, which could partly be due to epigenetic alterations. We studied the effects of high concentrations of glucose and palmitate combined for 48 h (glucolipotoxicity) on the transcriptome, the epigenome, and cell function in human islets. Glucolipotoxicity impaired insulin secretion, increased apoptosis, and significantly (false discovery rate <5%) altered the expression of 1,855 genes, including 35 genes previously implicated in T2D by genome-wide association studies (e.g., TCF7L2 and CDKN2B). Additionally, metabolic pathways were enriched for downregulated genes. Of the differentially expressed genes, 1,469 also exhibited altered DNA methylation (e.g., CDK1, FICD, TPX2, and TYMS). A luciferase assay showed that increased methylation of CDK1 directly reduces its transcription in pancreatic β-cells, supporting the idea that DNA methylation underlies altered expression after glucolipotoxicity. Follow-up experiments in clonal β-cells showed that knockdown of FICD and TPX2 alters insulin secretion. Together, our novel data demonstrate that glucolipotoxicity changes the epigenome in human islets, thereby altering gene expression and possibly exacerbating the secretory defect in T2D.
Determination of Heat and Momentum Fluxes Over Baghdad City
Authors: Mehson Mustafa Zihraw , Hassoon Ahmed Fattah
Published: August 2019

In this study heat and momentum fluxes have been determined at Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, by using eddy correlation method. It is one of the methods which determines heat and momentum fluxes and it is considered direct and accurate. This method depends on high response instruments like Ultrasonic Anemometer (model: 1590- PK- 020) which is used in this study. Observation period is about 53 days for 24 hours in months June, July and August from 15/06/2016 to 06//08/2016 and the observations included wind speed and temperature every second. MATLAB program has been used to process huge data to calculate heat and momentum fluxes (H and ). The maximum value of H equals 127.6 Wm-2 in 10:30 at 26/07/2016 and minimum value equals -58.9 Wm-2 in 07:30 at 29/06/2016, as well, the maximum value of  equals 0.134535 Nm-2 in 15:00 at 03/08/2016 and minimum value equals -0.4649 Nm-2 in 03:00 at 01/07/2016. It is found that there is an inverse relationship between H and. Also maximum frequency of friction velocity at unstable conditions.
Comparing study of CuO synthesized by biological and electrochemical methods for biological activity
Authors: Jaber Shaimaa hamed , Rheima Ahmed M. , Hussain Dhia H. , Al-Marjani Mohammed F.
Published: August 2019

In the present work, copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles have been synthesized by two methods (electro chemical and biological method).The synthesized nanoparticles characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) and transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM). results show that to copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticle have average size of (11-15)nm of electrochemical method and (6-12 ) nm of biological method by different technique CuO nanoparticles were applied to study the inhibition of bacterial using (staphylococcus and pseudomonas). The antibacterial activity of CuO nanoparticles show a higher inhibition of pseudomonas bacteria when a compared with staphylococcus bacteria.