bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the Micro-Hardness and Corrosion Behaviour Mg-Zn Alloy Prepared by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Darsono Nono , Handayani Murni , Lestari Franciska Pramuji , Erryani Aprilia , Putrayasa I Nyoman Gede , Thaha Yudi Nugraha , Sihaloho Yohanes Imron , Sutanto Hadi
Published: July 2020

Magnesium Alloys have the potential to be applied in the various fields of applications including biomaterials. Magnesium Alloys are an interesting alloy due to its high strength to density ratio. They have been proposed as a biodegradable implant material due to its friendly effect to human body compared to another alloy. Besides its good biodegradable properties, it has a disadvantage of low hardness and corrosion properties. In order to overcome this, it has been combined with other metals such as Zinc (Zn) or Copper (Cu). To increase mechanical properties, we used Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) as reinforcement. Magnesium-Zinc (Mg-xZn) CNTs composites with several compositions was prepared by using powder metallurgy and sintered in the presence of flowing Argon (Ar) gas in tube furnace. Mg-Zn Alloy with the composition of 4% and 6% of Zn and the variation of CNTs at 0.1%, 0.3 %, and 0.5% was also prepared. Hardness testing by using microvickers showed that CNTs can increase the alloy hardness which the maximum hardness is 53.6 HV. The corrosion rates as low as 175.5 mpy exhibited for the Mg-Alloy with the composition of Mg-4-Zn with 0.1 wt.% of CNTs
Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles with Mesoporous Structure Prepared through Hydrothermal Technique
Authors: Fadli Ahmad , Amri Amun , Sari Esty Octiana , Sukoco Sukoco , Saprudin Deden
Published: July 2020

Magnetite nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by hydrothermal method from FeCl3 as starting material. The properties and morphology of the products with different synthesis time and FeCl3 concentration were investigated. Firstly, the FeCl3 with concentration of 0.05 – 0.15 M and 0.10 M sodium citrate as well as 0.15 M were mixed with distilled water containing 0.1 g polyethylene glycol. Subsequenly, the solution was transferred into a Teflon-lined autoclave and it heated into an oven at 210°C for 12 hours. The black precipitate that formed was separated by a bar magnet, then washed with water and ethanol, and dried at 60°C overnight. The magnetite formation begun at 3.5 hours synthesis time with crystal diameter in range of 9.4-30 nm. The crystallinity and crystal size of magnetite increased with reaction time and concentration of FeCl3. The magnetite nanoparticles had a mesoporous structure and bigger pores at higher concentration. The saturation magnetization (Ms) of magnetite was in the range of 59 – 81 Emu/g with coercivity value was near to zero showing that magnetite nanoparticle had superparamagnetic properties.
Analysis of NiMoP/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst Preparation with Impregnation and Microwave Polyol Methods for Bio-Jet Production
Authors: Susanto Bambang Heru , Siallagan Joshua Raymond Valentino
Published: July 2020

Bio-Jet could be produced by the synthesis of vegetable oil through the hydrodeoxygenation, decarboxylation, decarbonization, and catalytic cracking process. Physical characteristics, activities, and selectivity of the catalyst used will determine the rate, conversion, and yield of the reaction that being carried out. This study aims to compare and obtain the best characteristics of NiMoP/γ-Al2O3 catalysts synthesized using two types of preparation, impregnation and microwave polyol methods, which will be used for bio-jet production. The impregnation method takes more than 24 hours for catalyst preparation, while microwave polyols that use microwaves can synthesize catalysts faster. Both catalysts have almost the same loading on the weight of the catalyst, which in the microwave polyol method has a more dispersed promotor and active site, although the crystallinity level is deficient and tends to be amorphous compared to the impregnation method with high crystallinity. In bio-jet synthesis reaction with operating conditions of 5% catalyst loading by comparison to Coconut Oil, 400°C, and 15 bar, the conversion, yield, and selectivity of catalyst impregnation were 91.705%, 47.639%, and 84.511%, while microwave polyol catalysts were 90.296%, 42.752%, and 82.517%, respectively. In conclusion, microwave polyol provides a more effective and efficient preparation method.
The Role of Anionic Surfactant to the Particle Size Reduction of Conductive PANi
Authors: Elita Hafizah Mas Ayu , Mahar Ahmad Luthfi , Suparno Suparno , Andreas Andreas , Manaf Azwar
Published: July 2020

The conductive polyaniline (PANi) with fine particles of sizes from 724 nm down to 191 nm has been successfully synthesized through chemical oxidation reaction. The synthesis of PANi was carried out in acidic media under HCl 1.5 M solution using ammonium persulphate (APS) as an oxidizing agent in the presence of anionic surfactants. Two different types of surfactant respectively Sodium Octyl Sulphate (SOS) and Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) were brought into an investigation on the effect of the surfactant chain length of C8 and C12 to the particle size formation. Such molecular chain length is responsible for the particle size growth rate. It was found that the average particle size of PANi decreased gradually by the addition of SOS and SDS surfactants with 1 % concentration each. The particle of PANi with sizes 296 nm and 191 nm was obtained as analyzed by Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). These sizes are far below 724 nm, which obtained from the same reaction but with surfactant free. Other supporting indicators showed that the pH of reaction solution was somewhat more acidic after 7 hours of reaction when the surfactant with pH value range within 0.7 – 1.4 presence. The temperature of solution increased with time following the energy released reached 30-31°C within the first 30 minutes, which was lower when compared with that of surfactant free.
Performance of Mesoporous Organo Silica Membrane for Desalination
Authors: Lestari Aptar E. , Elma Muthia , Rabiah Sadidan , Rampun Erdina Lulu Atika , Rahma Aulia , Pratiwi Amalia Enggar
Published: July 2020

Clean water is essential source for household purpose. However, many surface water contain high salt concentration was found. In this work, membrane was made using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as silica precursors and citric acid as single organo catalyst. Membranes were calcined at 200 and 250 °C using Rapid thermal processing (RTP). All membranes were tested via pervaporation. Pervaporation processes allow membrane to separate salt from water as vapour phase with vacuum condition required. Permeate was collected in the cold trap after condenses. This study focus to the performance of organo silica membrane in variance of refluxed 0 and 50 °C and feed concentrations (0.3, 3.5 and 5wt% NaCl) at room temperature (~25 °C). Optimum condition was obtained at reflux 50 °C with high siloxane and Si-C bonds. Carbon content from citric acid promote silica network more strength. The good performances in variance feed concentration were also showed at reflux 50°C with 0.3324 kg.m-2.h-1 (0.3 wt%), 0,2290 kg.m-2.h-1 (3.5 wt%) and 0.2168 kg.m-2.h-1 (5 wt%). These membranes are categorized as mesoporous and achieve excellent salt rejection >95%.
Adsorption of CO Gas and Cigarette Smoke Using NiO-Modified Metal Activated Carbon
Authors: Yuliusman Yuliusman , Al Farouq Fadel , Sipangkar Samson Patar , Fatkhurrahman Mufiid , Putri Salma Amaliani
Published: July 2020

Smoking can cause various ongoing complications in the body. One of the dangerous components of cigarette smoke is carbon monoxide which is one of the most toxic pollutants produced from cigarette gas emissions. Reducing levels in the air can utilize the adsorbent in the form of activated carbon which has the capacity and selectivity to these pollutants. Activated carbon was prepared from corn stalks which were activated by KOH at 750 °C based on previous research. The activated carbon which produced have Iodine number equal to 602 mg/g and SBET reached 599 m2/g. To strengthen the adsorption power, the results of activated carbon will be modified by impregnation of NiO metal. Metal impregnation varied with loading percentage 0.5, 1 and 2%. Modified activated carbons were then characterized by the Iodine Number test, BET test, SEM test, and EDX test. Each of the modified activated carbon will be tested for the capacity and selectivity of adsorption of CO and cigarette smoke. The best modified activated carbon is Mod 0.5% with Iodine number equal to 844 mg/g and SBET reached 839 m2/g. The best adsorption ability is obtained by 0.5% NiO-modified activated carbon which able to reduce CO gas levels by 29.9% and for cigarette smoke reaching 82.16%.
Modified Activated Carbon Using NiO for Natural Gas Storage
Authors: Yuliusman Yuliusman , Fatkhurrahman Mufiid , Al Farouq Fadel , Putri Salma Amaliani , Sipangkar Samson Patar , Nasruddin Nasruddin
Published: July 2020

The technology of natural gas adsorbed can be called Adsorbed Natural Gas (ANG) technology use porous adsorbents to adsorb natural gas. The material is activated carbon (AC), which has a large specific surface area. Activated carbon made from cassava peel waste because of abundance as agricultural waste in Indonesia. Cassava peel has a high cellulose and lignin content. Cassava peel through the carbonization process with furnace temperature 500 ° C in vacuum condition for 1.5 hours. Then, chemical activation with a different activator agent KOH and NaOH by mass ration (3:1). After that, physic activation with N2 and CO2 gas of 150 mL/minute using temperature muffle furnace 750 ° C. Product of physic activation modified using (Ni (NO3)2). Characterization of activated carbon performed with iodine test, SEM, EDX, adsorption, and desorption testers. The best of activated carbon is activated carbon impregnated KOH and with physic activation at 750 ° C, which has 612 mg / g of iodine number. Then, after activated carbon modified using (Ni (NO3)2) has the best performance with 1% NiO, has 662 mg / g of iodine number, and 657 m2 / g of SBET. Then, activated carbon through adsorption and desorption test by ANG technology has 0.02928 kg/kg of adsorption capacity and 39.17% of desorption percent.
Study the Effect of Welding Position and Plate Thickness to the Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of the TIG Dissimilar Metal Welded between Carbon Steel ASTM A36 and Stainless Steel 304 Plates
Authors: Winarto Winarto , Anis Muhammad , Riastuti Rini , Suarjana I.N.
Published: July 2020

Dissimilar metal welding was mostly done to optimize the application and engineering requirements with economic considerations. Weld microstructures greatly influenced the mechanical properties of welded joints. The investigations were carried out to evaluate the microstructural and mechanical properties of dissimilar weldment between carbon steel ASTM A36 and austenitic stainless steel 304 with a variation of welding position (1G, 2G, 3G) and weld thickness (6 mm to 12 mm) joints by TIG welding. A detailed analysis was conducted on the weld zone composition, the microstructural, and mechanical properties. The results show that the welding position and thickness of the weld joints influenced the microstructure both in HAZ and weld metal. Size, distribution, and orientation of microstructure were improved and more uniform with increasing of welded joint thickness. In HAZ carbon steel, GB ferrite was dominant, especially for the flat welding position (1G), while for the horizontal position (2G) and the vertical welding position (3G) showed other structures such as Widmanstaten ferrite, hard-structures like martensite and bainite. In the region near the fusion line and the weld metal, the chemical composition changed due to thermal convection, diffusion, and macro-segregation caused by penetration of liquid metal carbon steel into the weld pool. SEM/EDS results indicated diffusion of carbon from carbon steel A36 to stainless steel 304 and formed the hard-structure along the fusion line. The mechanical test results showed that the tensile test breaking point occurred in the parent metal of carbon steel A36. The bending test results showed very high stress on the face side of the welding joint, and there are no cracks from the bending test result. Vickers hardness testing showed that the hardness distribution increased from the carbon steel HAZ to the stainless steel HAZ, and the maximum hardness has achieved the value of 297 Hv at the fusion line of stainless steel 304.
Performance of Coconut Shell Activated Carbon in LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4/CNT/C Composite for Lithium Ion Battery Cathode
Authors: Sofyan Nofrijon , Suhendar Dadan , Zulfia Anne , Subhan Achmad
Published: July 2020

Synthesis and characterization of LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4/CNT/C composite used as lithium ion battery cathode has been carried out. The active materials of LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 was synthesized via hydrothermal method from the precursors of LiOH, NH4H2PO4, FeSO4.7H2O and MnSO4.7H2O. The activated carbon was pyrolyzed from coconut shell whereas the carbon nanotube (CNT) was commercially available in the market. The composite was prepared using a ball-mill to mix the components homogeneously. Simultaneous thermal analysis STA was used to determine the formation temperature of LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 to which the sintering process was conducted at 700 °C. After sintering, the materials in powder forms were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) to examine the morphology, whereas X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the phases formed. The performance of the composite as lithium ion battery cathode was characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and battery analyzer. Secondary electron image from SEM showed that the samples have homogeneous particle distribution. Examination result from X-ray diffraction indicated that LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 phase has been successfully synthesized with small impurities from a secondary phase. Performance analysis showed that the presence of activated carbon and CNTs in LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 to form LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4/CNTs/C gives significant improvement in the conductivity; however, some more improvement is still needed for the capacity.
Study of Low-Grade Nickel Laterite Processing Using Palm Shell Charcoal as Reductant
Authors: Suharno Bambang , Ilman Nolzha Primadha , Shofi Achmad , Ferdian Deni , Nurjaman Fajar
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of palm shell charcoal reductant in the selective reduction of nickel ore with the addition of additive at various temperatures and times. In this present work, 10 wt. % of sodium sulfate as additive and 5, 10, 15 wt. % of palm shell charcoal as reductants were used. The reduction of nickel ore was performed at 950oC, 1050oC, and 1150oC for 60, 90, and 120 minutes. A wet magnetic separation method was then carried out to separate the concentrates and tailings. Characterization of reduced ore was performed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), while the composition of ferronickel in concentrate was identified by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The result showed that the higher temperature reduction, the higher of nickel grade, and its recovery at the concentrate. Nevertheless, the longer reduction time and the more reductant in nickel ore lowering the nickel grade and its recovery in the concentrate. The optimum condition in this selective reduction process was obtained with the addition of 5 wt. % of reductant and 10 wt. % of sodium sulfate in nickel ore, which was reduced at 1150oC for 60 minutes. It resulted in 4.60% and 73.23% for nickel grade and its recovery, respectively.
Factors Affecting Emergency Nurses’ Perceptions of the Triage Systems
Authors: Sutriningsih Ani , Wahyuni Chatarina Umbul , Haksama Setya
Published: July 2020

Background

Emergency services use a triage system to prioritize patients according to their level of diagnosis. Triage is one of the mandated skills to be owned by an emergency unit nurse. This research aims to identify factors affecting emergency nurses’ perceptions of the triage systems.

Design and methods

90 nurses were chosen based on quota sampling. Data were analyzed using Chi Square test (α 0.05) and logistic regression analysis.

Results

The results show that nurses perceptions were influenced by knowledge (p = 0.017), working experience (p = 0.023), and training (p = 0.041). The factor that had the strongest influence in the formation of nurses’ perceptions was knowledge (p = 0.020 and OR = 3.19).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that knowledge, working experience and training influenced emergency nurses’ perceptions on triage systems.
Health Risks Associated with High Waist Circumference: A Systematic Review
Authors: Darsini Darsini , Hamidah Hamidah , Notobroto Hari Basuki , Cahyono Eko Agus
Published: July 2020

Obesity is a health disorder characterized by an increase in body weight, measured by waist circumference. High waist circumference is linked to potential development of non-communicable diseases. A systematic review study was used to explore health risks of high waist circumference through Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pubmed, and Proquest. Findings show that high waist circumference increased the risks of developing hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, joint pain, low back pain, and hyperuricemia. It is recommended that government increase their role in raising public awareness to maintain healthy lifestyle.
The Maternal Referral Mobile Application System for Minimizing the Risk of Childbirth
Authors: Indriani Diah , Damayanti Nyoman Anita , Teguh Danu , Ardian Muhammad , Suhargono Hud , Urbaya Satriawansyah , Wulandari Ratna Dwi , Nindya Triska Susila , Ernawaty Ernawaty , Putri Nuzulul Kusuma , Ridlo Ilham Akhsanu
Published: July 2020

Background

The maternal mortality rate in Surabaya is still quite high due to ineffectice referral health systems. Primary Health Care (PHC) has difficulty referring patients to hospitals which have available resources. The purpose of this study is to develop a mobile app system framework for the maternal referral system.

Design and methods

This study was developed based on the results of the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with midwives, doctors and primary health care heads about the referral system regulation in Surabaya City.

Results

A mobile app system can be used to communicate patients’ conditions to the hospital. The hospital then will refer back to the PHC as a home care service after the birth. This mobile app has gone through a trial and a development process; it is currently in the process of structuring the mobile app based on the bugs that occur in the system.

Conclusions

This mobile app still needs development, especially in minimizing system bugs, and providing faster, more accurate communication.
Mother's Knowledge and Attitudes towards Visual Acetate Acid Inspection Test in Surabaya
Authors: Widayanti Dini Mei , Qomaruddin Mochammad Bagus , Irawandi Dedi
Published: July 2020

Background

The incidence of cervical cancer in Indonesia is still high due to the poor awareness of married women about the necessity to check themselves with a pap smear/IVA test for early detection and possible cure. The implementation of the IVA examination still experiences obstacles due to lack of knowledge and fear.

Design and methods

This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of mothers with IVA test, using the analytical and cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from mothers that visited the family planning section of the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Center. Out of a total of 184 mothers, 126 samples were chosen by purposive sampling technique.

Results

The results showed that 59.5% of respondents had scarce knowledge on IVA tests, 66.7% had unsupportive attitudes towards it, and 54.8% were not willing to carry out the tests. This study explains that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude with a P-value of 0.000.

Conclusions

In conclusion, various factors influence the participation of IVA examination, namely lack of knowledge, inability to access information, and fear.
The Incidence of Stunting, the Frequency/Duration of Diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infection in Toddlers
Authors: Arini Diyah , Nursalam Nursalam , Mahmudah Mahmudah , Faradilah Ike
Published: July 2020

Background

Infectious diseases such as diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) lead to loss of appetite in children and stunting growth. This study analyzes the relationship between the incidence of stunting and the frequency/duration of diarrhea and ARI in children under five years.

Design and methods

The stratified random sampling method was used to obtain data from 152 children in 4 villages in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Results

The results showed that children under the age of five, experience higher stunting duration and longer frequency of diarrhea. The Rho Spearmen Test showed differences in the incidence of stunting with the frequency of diarrhea P = 0.005 (P<α = 0.05), P = 0.003 (P<α = 0.05), with ARI of P =0.001 (P<α = 0.05).

Conclusions

In conclusion, stunting is related to the frequency and duration of diarrheal diseases and ARI, therefore, community- integrated health center need to carryout counseling activities on children less than five years to determine their health status.
Brand Equity Analysis to Increase Health Care Utilization
Authors: Ernawaty Ernawaty , Kendra Wardhani K , Supriyanto Stefanus , Putri Nuzulul Kusuma , Husniyawati Yeni Rahmah
Published: July 2020

Background

Health care utilization is one of the key indicators in measuring performance of health care services. Strong brand equity suggests positive correlation with great attraction for consumers to use a product.

Design and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the effects of brand equity to health care utilization. 381 students were selected by simple random sampling. Multiple logistic regression tests were used to analyze the influence between variables.

Results

Findings showed that there was an influence between brand equity and health care utilization (P=0.001). In the three attributes, brand equity was known to have an influence to the utilization of health care. The highest influence of the three attributes was brand association (Exp (B) = 2.501).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that brand equity affects patient visits to AHCC showing that the brand equity significantly influence patient visits. Promotion to create familiarity and good impression was required to enhance brand equity and increase health care utilization.
Understanding Patient Satisfaction and Loyalty in Public and Private Primary Health Care
Authors: Setyawan Febri Endra Budi , Supriyanto Stefanus , Ernawaty Ernawaty , Lestari Retno
Published: July 2020

Background

The quality of health centers, patient satisfaction, and loyalty are three key factors that enable health care providers to improve their services and cost-effectiveness. This study, therefore, aims to determine patient satisfaction and loyalty in public and private primary health care centers.

Design and methods

Data were obtained from a cross-sectional design of 1470 self-administered questionnaires and analyzed based on mean, standard deviation, and correlation coefficients.

Results

The results showed respectively a strong and moderate correlation between patient satisfaction and loyalty in private (r=0.767) and public (r=0.54) primary health care centers, respectively. In addition, in both centers patients received adequate medical services, with social aspects as the least important factors affecting patient satisfaction.

Conclusions

In conclusion, primary health care practices need to recognize the needs that influence patients’ satisfaction and loyalty, to improve the quality of their services.
Determinants of Family Independence in Caring for Hebephrenic Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Ferliana Herlin , Damayanti Nyoman Anita , Aisyah Diana Nurfarida , Huda Nuh , Ernawati Dwi
Published: July 2020

Background

Schizophrenic patients are very susceptible to recurrent incidences, therefore the family plays a key role in providing care as a part of the recovery team. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge, perceptions, attitudes and support with family independence in caring for hebephrenic schizophrenic patients.

Design and methods

It was used a correlational analytic design with cross sectional approach, and consecutive sampling technique was used, which attained 57 respondents. The independent variables were knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and support, while independence was the dependent variable, and both were measured using questionnaires, and Spearman rank test was used for data analysis.

Results

The results indicate the presence of a relationship between knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, as well as support and family independence in caring for hebephrenic schizophrenia. In addition, the spearman rank test showed P-values of 0.008, 0.011, 0.032, and 0.027 in family knowledge, perception, attitudes and support, respectively, at <0.05.

Conclusions

This study indicates the importance of family support in attempts to improve the self-esteem of schizophrenic patients. Based on this data, the hospital is expected to improve the family-based patient recovery program.
Depression and Functional Disability in Stroke Patients
Authors: Astuti Puji , Kusnanto Kusnanto , Dwi Novitasari Ferra
Published: July 2020

Background

Stroke patients often suffer from depression, a mental disorder that worsens their condition and slows down the recovery process. Depression is the leading cause of functional disability due to inability to cope with daily stressors and to function independently in their activities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between depression and functional disability levels in post-stroke patients.

Design and methods

This is an analytic observational research with a cross-sectional approach. The population in exam consisted of all 4-12 week post-stroke patient in the hospital (about 139 patients). The study focused on 104 respondents, who were selected using simple random sampling techniques.

Results

The results show that 62.5% stroke patients suffered mild depressive episodes after the stroke while 58.7% experienced mild disabilities. Analysis results using the Pearson Product Moment Test obtained P=0,000. This shows there is a relationship between the level of depression and the degree of functional disability in post-stroke patients.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the levels of post-stroke depression and the functional disability. Families are expected to provide a safe, supportive, and comfortable environment to lessen the level of depression.
School Bag Weight and the Occurrence of Back Pain among Elementary School Children
Authors: Layuk Semuel , Martiana Tri , Bongakaraeng Bongakaraeng
Published: July 2020

Background

Children in primary schools use school bags to carry study material, although the heavy bags are often associated with musculoskeletal problems, especially back pain. This practice requires strength, which significantly changes the body posture and walking pattern, subsequently leading to the incidence of back pain as a side effect. The aim of this study, therefore, is to analyze the differences in bag loads between elementary school children in urban and suburban area, and also analyze the relationship with the occurrence of back pain.

Design and methods

This was a cross sectional study, which used stratified random sampling to choose 2 elementary schools each representing the urban and suburban areas. Furthermore, a total sample of 164 students were selected, whose school bag weight were measured for 5 consecutive days, particularly in the morning on respondents arrival at school. Moreover, the occurrence of back pain was evaluated using a modified Nordic map, and data analysis required the use of independent sample analysis t test and χ2 test.

Results

The results showed the presence of highly significant differences in the school bags weight of respondents in the urban and suburban areas, as well as between schools using the 2013 curriculum and otherwise.

Conclusions

In conclusion, there is a correlation between the weight measured and the occurrence of back pain, hence the 2013 curriculum is recommended to be adopted by all elementary schools. Also, the use of lockers to store items used at school repeatedly by children is also highly encouraged.
The Influence of Monitoring Activities on Maternal Weight Gain among Pregnant Women
Authors: Widodo Tri , Sumarmi Sri
Published: July 2020

Background

The relationship between nutritional status in early life and the risk of chronic diseases in the future development of the child is a critical factor that needs to be considered. The basic factors that can help in this case include thrifty phenotype hypothesis, developmental plasticity, fetal programming and weight gain regulation. This study aims to determine the average increase in weight gain before and after mentoring program.

Design and methods

The sample was taken randomly from 191 pregnant women. From number of women mentored, 106 that met the inclusion criteria. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test then was used in the data analysis.

Results

The results show that the average body weight of women increased 18.94%, while the BMI rose by 7.46%. Mentoring program led to an increase in maternal body weight, indicated with a P-value of 0.000.

Conclusions

In conclusion, mentoring program influences bodyweight in pregnant women. Therefore, it is vital to maintain a high nutritional status during pregnancy.
Family Support and Adaptation Mechanisms of Adults Outpatients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Widiyawati Wiwik , Yusuf Ah , Devy Shrimarti Rukmini , Widayanti Dini Mei
Published: July 2020

Background

The presence of psychotic symptoms in adults’ with schizophrenia need an increase in family control and support to prevent the risk of aggressive behavior. However, the issue of whether psychotic symptoms hold any clinical relevance in relatively stable outpatient samples has not been established. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to identify the relationship between family supports and adaptation mechanisms of adults’ outpatients with schizophrenia.

Design and methods

The study design involves quantitative research and descriptive correlation, attained through purposive sampling approach. 101 samples were obtained from the population of schizophrenia outpatients. The questionnaires of House & Kahn were used as an instrument to evaluate family support, while Nursalam questionnaires were used to access adaptation skills.

Results

Findings from Spearman's rho test showed P<0.005, indicating the provision of high family support, while patients were highly adaptive to the symptoms of schizophrenia.

Conclusions

This study indicates the positive influence of family support on the adaptability of schizophrenia outpatients, hence there is need for relatives to provide good level of support, in order to facilitate adaptability.
Video-Based Health Education to Support Insulin Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Ratri Dinda M.N. , Hamidah Khusnul Fitri , Puspitasari Arina D. , Farid Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Background

The improper use of insulin usually leads to some unexpected effects, hence, there is a need for right usage. Lack of knowledge and of understanding are key factors leading to the occurrence of medication errors, which could be avoided with proper education. Therefore, an appealing education alternative, such as video, is needed to improve patient's knowledge and attitudes towards insulin therapy.

Design and methods

One-group pretest and posttest design were conducted on 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were receiving subcutaneous insulin therapy at Internal Medicine Unit in Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital. The patients filled the provided questionnaires to measure their knowledge and attitudes, before and after watching the video on insulin therapy education. Then, data obtained were analysed with SPSS using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test Method.

Results

Based on the results, there was an increase in the value of the patient's knowledge, with the value of Z=-8.212 and P<0.05. Similarly, there was an increase in the patient's attitudes with the value of Z=-8.234 and P<0.05.

Conclusions

Insuline therapy video increases the knowledge and improves the attitude of diabetes mellitus patients towards insulin therapy.
Is vaping better than smoking for cardiorespiratory and muscle function?
Authors: Darabseh Mohammad Z. , Selfe James , Morse Christopher I. , Degens Hans
Published: July 2020

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for respiratory disorders, cardiovascular diseases and even decrements in muscle function. Electronic cigarette use (vaping) is considered a healthier alternative to cigarette smoking and may help in smoking cessation. However, the effects of vaping are not clear yet and particularly the long-term effects of vaping are largely unknown. Some reports suggest that vaping maybe as harmful for e.g. respiratory function, as cigarette smoking. In this narrative review the effects of vaping and cigarette smoking on respiratory, cardiovascular and muscle function are compared. Overall, vaping has been found to cause similar effects as smoking on lung function and cardiovascular function. Future studies are needed to clarify the severity of smoking- and vaping-induced decrements on muscle function.
Older Adults Without Medical Support Systems: How Pharmacists Can Help
Authors: Miller Monique , Wick Jeannette Y.
Published: July 2020

The term "elder orphan" is an emerging description of an individual older than 65 years of age who lacks dependents or close family members on whom to rely for assistance, particularly in dealing with health problems. As the number of elder orphans continues to grow, this population
is increasingly at risk. Some social determinants of health affect the elder-orphan population disproportionately, including financial security, housing, and transportation. Medication nonadherence may be a sign of increasing isolation and unaddressed problems. Elder orphans may have difficulty
managing their health care, and pharmacists can help by identifying patients without support systems may be able to act as valuable assets to these patients. Brown-bag medication reviews, medication therapy management, and thorough medication reconciliation are excellent interventions to prevent
medication misadventure. Identifying other medical professionals and services that can support the elder orphan is also prudent.
Embedding the Heisenberg group into a bounded-dimensional Euclidean space with optimal distortion
Authors: Tao Terence
Published: July 2020

Let

H := \Big(\begin{smallmatrix} 1 & \mathbb{R} & \mathbb{R} \\ 0 & 1 & \mathbb{R} \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{smallmatrix}\Big)

denote the Heisenberg group with the usual Carnot–Carathéodory metric

d

. It is known (since the work of Pansu and Semmes) that the metric space

(H,d)

cannot be embedded in a bilipschitz fashion into a Hilbert space; however, from a general theorem of Assouad, for any

0 < \varepsilon \leq 1/2

, the snowflaked metric space

(H,d^{1-\varepsilon})

embeds into an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space with distortion

O( \varepsilon^{-1/2} )

. This distortion bound was shown by Austin, Naor, and Tessera to be sharp for the Heisenberg group

H

. Assouad's argument allows

\ell^2

to be replaced by

\mathbb{R}^{D(\varepsilon)}

for some dimension

D(\varepsilon)

dependent on

\varepsilon

. Naor and Neiman showed that

D

could be taken independent of

\varepsilon

, at the cost of worsening the bound on the distortion to

O( \varepsilon^{-1-c_D} )

, where

c_D \to 0

as

D \to \infty

. In this paper we show that one can in fact retain the optimal distortion bound

O( \varepsilon^{-1/2} )

and still embed into a bounded-dimensional space

\mathbb{R}^D

, answering a question of Naor and Neiman. As a corollary, the discrete ball of radius

R \geq 2

in

\Gamma := \Big(\begin{smallmatrix} 1 & \mathbb{Z} & \mathbb{Z} \\ 0 & 1 & \mathbb{Z} \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{smallmatrix}\Big)

can be embedded into a bounded-dimensional space

\mathbb{R}^D

with the optimal distortion bound of

O(\log^{1/2} R)

.

The construction is iterative, and is inspired by the Nash–Moser iteration scheme as used in the isometric embedding problem; this scheme is needed in order to counteract a certain "loss of derivatives" problem in the iteration.
Fuel Consumption and Emission Reduction for Hybrid Electric Vehicles with Electrically Heated Catalyst
Authors: Hofstetter Johannes , Boucharel Paul , Atzler Frank , Wachtmeister Georg
Published: July 2020

Hybridization is a promising way to further reduce the CO2 emissions of passenger vehicles. However, high engine efficiencies and the reduction of engine load, due to torque assists by an electric motor, cause a decrease of exhaust gas temperature levels. This leads to an increased time to catalyst light-off, resulting in an overall lower efficiency of the exhaust aftertreatment system (ATS). Especially in low load driving conditions, at cold ambient temperatures and on short distance drives, the tailpipe pollutant emissions are severely impacted by these low ATS efficiency levels.

To ensure lowest emissions under all driving conditions, catalyst heating methods must be used. In conventional vehicles, internal combustion engine measures (e.g. usage of a dedicated combustion mode for late combustion) can be applied. A hybrid system with an electrically heated catalyst (EHC) enables further methods such as the increase of engine load by the electric motor or electric catalyst heating. Since these methods result either directly or indirectly in additional fuel consumption there is a conflict of objectives between a fast catalyst heat-up and the reduction of fuel consumption.

This trade-off is addressed by an energy and emission management, which controls the split of the propulsion power between the combustion engine and electric motor, the electric catalyst heating and the selection of the combustion mode. Such a management system, based on offline-optimized rules, is presented in this paper. The results for different driving cycles are compared to those from a conventional non-hybrid vehicle in a detailed simulation framework, for a 48V P0 Diesel hybrid including an exhaust aftertreatment system with EHC. With the help of the EHC the NOx level was reduced significantly especially during city and short distance drives. On the WLTC a CO2 saving of 7 % was achieved, maintaining the same NOx emissions level.
Producción dinámica en una clase mundial con estructura nativa.
Authors: Seyede Nahid Karimi Kasvaei  , Abbas Tolouei Eshlaghi  , Changiz Valmohammadi.
Published: July 2020

En vista del inevitable proceso de globalización de la producción y la industria, nuestros productores deben reformar sus formas tradicionales, ineficientes e ineficaces del pasado y adoptar un nuevo enfoque de políticas de producción centradas en la tecnología, la orientación al cliente y la eliminación de actividades que no agregan valor, En este estudio, los factores que afectan la producción de clase mundial se pueden identificar mediante el método Delphi. Los método de recolección de datos fueron de información bibliográfica y el studio de campo. En esta investigación se presentan y analizan la historia y varios modelos diseñados en el campo de producción de clase global. En esta investigación, expertos de la industria y profesores universitarios han recibido asistencia.
Enfoque metodológico para determinar la satisfacción laboral y trayectorias profesionales de Licenciados en Enfermería.
Authors: Xóchitl Cuevas Bahena.
Published: July 2020

En este artículo se menciona la estrategia que permitió  elaborar un instrumento que determinó el grado de satisfacción laboral y tipificó las trayectorias profesionales de los egresados de Licenciatura en Enfermería de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero (UAGro), bajo una metodología cuantitativa, descriptiva y analítica, clasificado en dos categorías; por un lado, las trayectorias profesionales propuesta por Jiménez (2009) que fueron adaptadas para la construcción del instrumento, y por otro lado, se retomaron aspectos de  la teoría de los dos factores  intrínsecos (psicológicos) y extrínsecos (socioeconómicos) propuestos por Herzberg.  Los aspectos que se incluyeron a este instrumento son los fisiológicos de los profesionales del área de enfermería.
Acuerdo nuclear Indo-Estadounidense: implicaciones para Pakistán.
Authors: Rizwana Jabeen  , Muhammad Arif Khan  , Nawab Sher.
Published: July 2020

El acuerdo nuclear civil entre Estados Unidos y la India fue un hito en la relación entre esos países, ya que ha establecido una nueva era de asociación estratégica, que aparentemente apunta a satisfacer los futuros requisitos energéticos de la India. Este estudio busca sustanciar los temores con respecto a lo anterior, sus implicaciones para Pakistán y sugiere un curso de acción viable para compensar este desequilibrio. Para este estudio, se emplea el método de investigación descriptivo longitudinal. La investigación se basa principalmente en una fuente secundaria de datos y apoya sus hallazgos principalmente a través de una combinación de métodos de investigación cualitativos y cuantitativos. Esta unidad de análisis será a nivel estatal, regional e internacional.
El Instituto político del estado en el contexto del análisis histórico y tipológico.
Authors: Valentin Ya. Lyubashits  , Nikolay V. Razuvaev  , Irina E. Abramova  , Natalya V. Fedorova  , Benedyk Y. S.
Published: July 2020

El artículo está dedicado a los problemas de estructuración de la historia creada por el estado, teniendo en cuenta una variedad de formas sociales, políticas, diversas velocidades de una génesis política. Se consideran los problemas de asignación de etapas de desarrollo de las organizaciones políticas (estadidad), teniendo en cuenta la incertidumbre de las unidades generales de análisis, términos y conceptos de paradigmas bastante diversos de estructuración y periodización de la historia. Se muestra que la fuerza decisiva que causa la transformación de todos los demás sectores públicos es el crecimiento, la distribución y la deducción de una posición dominante de los más efectivos en las condiciones de este período de un régimen político.
Impacto de la Guerra nuclear en el sur de Asia. Análisis.
Authors: Nawab Sher  , Rizwana Jabeen  , Sayeda Daud.
Published: July 2020

Durante la última década, los efectos de un intercambio nuclear entre Pakistán y la India han sido anticipados por un modelo de computadora, que predice los impactos físicos de este intercambio si se produce una guerra nuclear entre Pakistán y la India, o si incluso una ciudad importante en ambos países ha sido atacada, será devastada. El objetivo del estudio es encontrar la utilidad de las armas nucleares en la turbulenta región del sur de Asia entre Pakistán y la India. Ambos países, Pakistán y la India, son países democráticos, y en comparación con la India, la democracia de Pakistán es nueva, ya ha completado con éxito una década. Las elecciones se centran en lo más básico; por lo tanto, no es posible que un partido político discuta las políticas nucleares en medio de la cruzada electoral.
El tema de "Karabaj" en la poesía azerbaiyana.
Authors: Najafova Marziyya Allahyar Gizi.
Published: July 2020

El artículo describe principalmente reuniones artísticas que se crearon, desarrollaron y formaron en Karabaj a principios del siglo XIX. Proporciona información interesante sobre los poetas de Karabaj que fueron acosados por las reuniones artísticas como Majlisi-ums, majlisi-faramusham. Se están analizando sus poemas dedicados a Karabaj, enfatizando el papel de la poesía del siglo XIX para contribuir al desarrollo de la poesía azerbaiyana desde los años 90 hasta nuestros días, destacando la diferencia entre la poesía del siglo XIX cuando Karabaj era el centro. del arte y la del siglo XX cuando Karabaj fue invadido. Se analizaron las plantillas creadas durante los años 90, siendo la paleta de temas y las peculiaridades de los 90 la esencia de este artículo.
Cuantificación de la resolución de conflictos laborales.
Authors: Alexander Rymanov  , Irina Bocharova.
Published: July 2020

El artículo examina las contradicciones en el campo de las relaciones laborales y las formas modernas de resolverlas en Rusia. Se presta especial atención a la resolución preventiva como la menos controvertida. El estudio muestra que para aumentar la eficiencia de la inspección del trabajo en la Federación de Rusia en el contexto de las limitadas fuentes presupuestarias de financiamiento, es necesario ampliar el alcance de las actividades de la Oficina del Trabajo. También es recomendable ajustar las actividades prioritarias de las inspecciones de trabajo, principalmente en la dirección de la implementación de actividades preventivas. El artículo resume la experiencia internacional, las mejores prácticas en las actividades preventivas de las inspecciones de trabajo en diferentes países del mundo.
Los nombres de los meses y la imagen lingüística nacional del mundo en el material del folklore y la literatura Karachai-Balcánica.
Authors: Mussa Bahautdinovich Ketenchiev  , Aminat Taubievna Dodueva  , Fatima Taulanovna Uzdenova  , Sahadin Magametovich Khubolov.
Published: July 2020

El artículo se dedica al análisis multidimensional de los nombres arquetípicos de los meses. El etiquetado etnocultural de los nombres de los meses se revela y se ve referenciado a los textos de folclore y ficción. Hay una conceptualización de componentes tan importantes de una imagen inocente del mundo como el tiempo, la tradición y la actividad, que determina prácticamente todas las nominaciones de los meses arquetípicos en las obras de orientación histórica y etnográfica. La nominación está relacionada con las antiguas creencias de la etnia Karachai-Balcánica, remontada al período del Paganismo y el Tengrismo. Los trabajos artísticos dedicados a la vida de las personas en el pasado, marcados por la intertextualidad y saturados con gran cantidad de etnografismos, reflejan realidades etnoculturales de la etnia Karachay-Balkaria.
Contribuciones al aprendizaje combinado desde la perspectiva sistémica.
Authors: García López.  Irma Eugenia
Published: July 2020

El artículo trata sobre los retos de la educación al incorporar la complejidad y la tecnología. Las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC), son la expresión del abordaje ante la complejidad en los modelos educativos. El objetivo es analizar cómo el aprendizaje combinado logra mejorar las condiciones educativas. Metodológicamente se desarrolla un análisis de los fundamentos teóricos del estructural-funcionalismo y la teoría de sistemas para la incorporación de la complejidad a los modelos educativos. A destacar, que el agente de ‘enseñanza’ en el proceso educativo ya no es exclusivo del educador, que ahora se comparte con escenarios complejos y las experiencias previas de los estudiantes, de tal forma que se fortalezca la práctica educativa combinando diferentes modelos y técnicas.
Ejercicios para el desarrollo de la lecto-comprensión de la obra de José Martí en los estudiantes de Secundaria Básica
Authors: Larramendi Céspedes Norge Manuel , Ramírez Polanco Dayamí , Rosabal Rodríguez. José Armando
Published: July 2020

La investigación se dirigió a una de las problemáticas que inciden en el Proceso Enseñanza Aprendizaje de la asignatura Español Literatura. Se trata de la necesidad de la elaboración de ejercicios que favorezca la lectocomprensión de la obra martiana en los estudiantes de la Secundaria Básica “Manuel Fajardo Rivero,” del municipio Manzanillo, Cuba. Para ello se utilizaron métodos de la investigación. El aporte fundamental está dado en la presentación de ejercicios teniendo en cuenta el enfoque cognitivo, comunicativo y sociocultural; encaminados a despertar el interés en los estudiantes por la comprensión de textos escritos, sustentado en el estudio de algunos textos de la obra del más genial de los políticos cubanos del siglo XIX.