bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The timing, duration and magnitude of the 8.2 ka event in global speleothem records
Authors: Parker Sarah E. , Harrison Sandy P.
Published: June 2022

Abrupt events are a feature of many palaeoclimate records during the Holocene. The best example is the 8.2 ka event, which was triggered by a release of meltwater into the Labrador Sea and resulted in a weakening of poleward heat transport in the North Atlantic. We use an objective method to identify rapid climate events in globally distributed speleothem oxygen isotope records during the Holocene. We show that the 8.2 ka event can be identified in >70% of the speleothem records and is the most coherent signal of abrupt climate change during the last 12,000 years. The isotopic changes during the event are regionally homogenous: positive oxygen isotope anomalies are observed across Asia and negative anomalies are seen across Europe, the Mediterranean, South America and southern Africa. The magnitude of the isotopic excursions in Europe and Asia are statistically indistinguishable. There is no significant difference in the duration and timing of the 8.2 ka event between regions, or between the speleothem records and Greenland ice core records. Our study supports a rapid and global climate response to the 8.2 ka freshwater pulse into the North Atlantic, likely transmitted globally via atmospheric teleconnections.
Negative autoregulation controls size scaling in confined gene expression reactions
Authors: Maeda Yusuke T.
Published: June 2022

Gene expression via transcription-translation is the most fundamental reaction to sustain biological systems, and complex reactions occur in a small compartment of living cells. There is increasing evidence that physical effects, such as molecular crowding or excluded volume effects of transcriptional-translational machinery, affect the yield of reaction products. On the other hand, transcriptional feedback that controls gene expression during mRNA synthesis is also a vital mechanism that regulates protein synthesis in cells. However, the excluded volume effect of spatial constraints on feedback regulation is not well understood. Here, we study the confinement effect on transcriptional autoregulatory feedbacks of gene expression reactions using a theoretical model. The excluded volume effects between molecules and the membrane interface suppress the gene expression in a small cell-sized compartment. We find that negative feedback regulation at the transcription step mitigates this size-induced gene repression and alters the scaling relation of gene expression level on compartment volume, approaching the regular scaling relation without the steric effect. This recovery of regular size-scaling of gene expression does not appear in positive feedback regulation, suggesting that negative autoregulatory feedback is crucial for maintaining reaction products constant regardless of compartment size in heterogeneous cell populations.
Symptoms associated with healthcare resource utilization in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Bogale Kaleb , Maheshwari Parth , Kang Mitchell , Gorrepati Venkata Subhash , Dalessio Shannon , Walter Vonn , Stuart August , Koltun Walter , Bernasko Nana , Tinsley Andrew , Williams Emmanuelle D. , Clarke Kofi , Coates Matthew D.
Published: June 2022

Several symptoms have been connected to increased healthcare resource utilization (HRU) in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including both Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of IBD-associated symptoms and to determine whether any are independently associated with HRU. We undertook a retrospective analysis of data related to consecutive IBD patient encounters from a tertiary care referral center between 1/1/2015 and 8/31/2019. Demographics, clinical activity, endoscopic severity, IBD-related symptom scores, anxiety and depression scores, and other key clinical data were abstracted. Four hundred sixty-seven IBD patients [247f.: 220 m; 315 CD, 142 UC and 11 indeterminate colitis] were included in this study. The most common symptoms were fatigue (83.6%), fecal urgency (68.2%) and abdominal pain (63.5%). Fatigue, abdominal pain, anxiety or depression, corticosteroids, and opioids were each positively associated with HRU, while NSAID and mesalamine use were inversely associated on bivariate analysis. The only factor that demonstrated a statistically significant association with HRU in the whole cohort on multivariable analysis was abdominal pain. Abdominal pain is independently associated with HRU and should be specifically screened for in IBD patients to identify individuals at risk of undergoing expensive interventions. This study also reinforces the importance of optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic management of abdominal pain in IBD.
Homologous chromosome associations in domains before meiosis could facilitate chromosome recognition and pairing in wheat
Authors: Barea Lorena , Redondo-Río Álvaro , Lucena-Marín Rafael , Serrano-Heredia Salud , Aguilar Miguel , Prieto Pilar
Published: June 2022

The increasing human population demands an increase in crop yields that must be implemented through breeding programmes to ensure a more efficient and sustainable production of agro-food products. In the framework of breeding, genetic crosses are developed between cultivated species such as wheat and their relative species that are used as genetic donors to transfer desirable agronomic traits into the crop. Unfortunately, interspecific associations between chromosomes from the donor species and the cultivar are rare during meiosis, the process to produce gametes in organisms with sexual reproduction, hampering the transfer of genetic variability into wheat. In addition, little is known about how homologous (equivalent) chromosomes initiate interaction and recognition within the cell nucleus to enter meiosis. In this context, we aim to get insight into wheat chromatin structure, particularly the distribution of homologous chromosomes within the cell nucleus and their putative interactions in premeiotic stages to facilitate chromosome associations and recombination at the beginning of meiosis. Cytogenetics allows the study of both the structure and the behaviour of chromosomes during meiosis and is key in plant breeding. In this study we visualized an extra pair of barley homologous chromosomes in a wheat genetic background to study the spatial distribution, arrangements and interactions occurring exclusively between this pair of homologous chromosomes during premeiosis using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Our results suggest that homologous chromosomes can initiate interactions in premeiotic stages that could facilitate the processes of specific chromosome recognition and association occurring at the onset of meiosis.
Simultaneous production and sustainable eutectic mixture based purification of narringinase with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by valorization of tofu wastewater
Authors: Balaraman Harishbabu , Purushotaman C. , Chandramouliswaran K. , Rathnasamy Senthilkumar
Published: June 2022

The current investigation is being executed for sustainable one-pot production and purification of naringinase using natural deep eutectic solvent-based extractive fermentation. Five natural deep eutectic solvents were prepared and their physicochemical properties were determined as a function of temperature. Tofu wastewater was used as a low-cost substrate for naringinase production and simultaneous in-situ purification of the enzyme was accomplished by employing NADES. Optimal conditions of influential factors like concentrations of NADES (74.5% w/w), Na2SO4 (15% w/v) and tofu wastewater (1.5% w/w) resulted in an effective yield of naringinase (249.6 U/ml). Scale-up of naringinase production with a 3 l custom made desktop bioreactor was accomplished and effective regeneration of NADES was established. NADES exhibits selectivity during extraction even after the fifth cycle proving it to be tailor-made. The resulting active enzyme was quantified by size exclusion chromatography (736.85 U/mg). Ultrapure enzyme fraction was obtained with anion exchange chromatography yielding maximum purity of (63.2 U/ml) and specific naringinase activity of (3516 U/mg). The in-vitro debittering activity of the resulting ultrapure enzyme fraction was determined with grape juice resulting in naringin and limonin removal of [23.4% (w/w)] and [64.3% (w/w)] respectively.
Bullous pemphigoid diagnosis: the role of routine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded skin tissue immunochemistry
Authors: Oh Harim , Kim Chul Hwan , Lee Yoo Jin
Published: June 2022

The gold standard for diagnosing bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the detection of linear deposition of IgG and/or C3 at the dermoepidermal junction using direct immunofluorescence (DIF). Because DIF has several disadvantages, primarily the requirement for frozen specimens, we assessed the diagnostic value of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for BP detection. Eighty-eight patients with bullous lesions were included in this study. IHC staining for C3d, C4d, and IgG was performed on 88 samples, which included specimens from patients with DIF-confirmed BP (n = 43), clinicopathologically suspected BP with negative DIF results (n = 9), and other bullous diseases (n = 36). Diagnosis based on positive results for C3d, C4d, or IgG in IHC staining detected 86% of DIF-confirmed BP cases. The sensitivity of IHC staining for the detection of DIF-confirmed BP cases and clinicopathologically suspected BP cases was similar to that of DIF (80.8% vs. 84.3%), but the specificity was higher (83.3% vs. 75.0%). Five of the nine clinicopathologically suspected BP cases were diagnosed using IHC staining. Thus, IHC staining of routine biopsy material could be an alternative method for diagnosing BP. IHC staining has considerable diagnostic potential, especially in cases with a high suspicion of BP, but negative or suboptimal DIF results.Please check and confirm the author names and initials are correct. Author 2: Given name: [Chul Hwan] Family name: [Kim], Author 3: Given name: [Yoo Jin] Family name: [Lee].Checked it.
Double-walled carbon nanotube assisted phase engineering in CoOxSy complexes for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Huang Yucong , Wang Zongpeng , Shen Shijie , Huang Liangai , Zhong Wenwu , Pan Jiaqi , Li Chaorong
Published: June 2022

An amorphous CoOxSy catalyst was synthesized with the assistance of double-walled carbon nanotubes, exhibiting excellent OER activity, a large electrochemically active surface area, and outstanding stability.
Direct observation of humic acid-promoted hydrolysis of phytate through stabilizing a conserved catalytic domain in phytase
Authors: Ge Xinfei , Zhang Wenjun , Putnis Christine V. , Wang Lijun
Published: June 2022

HA promotes enzymatic hydrolysis of phytate as shown by the increase in nucleation of Pi-bearing particles, which is achieved by conformation change to stabilize a catalytic domain resulting from noncovalent phytase–HA interaction.
Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) perovskite-based advanced nanomaterials with state-of-the-art photocatalytic performance in water clean-up
Authors: Gulati Shikha , Goyal Kartika , Arora Aryan , Kumar Sanjay , Trivedi Manoj , Jain Shradha
Published: June 2022

Bismuth ferrite nanohybrids as efficient photocatalysts for wastewater remediation against toxic azo dyes pollutants.
Multifloral white honey outclasses manuka honey in methylglyoxal content: assessment of free and encapsulated methylglyoxal and anti-microbial peptides in liposomal formulation against toxigenic potential of Bacillus subtilis Subsp spizizenii strain
Authors: Taïbi Nadia , Ameraoui Rachid , Kaced Amel , Abou-Mustapha Mohamed , Bouchama Abdelghani , Djafri Ahmed , Taïbi Amina , Mellahi Kahina , Hadjadj Mohamed , Touati Souad , Badri Fatima-Zohra , Djema Souhila , Masmoudi Yasmina , Belmiri Sarah , Khammar Farida
Published: June 2022

The therapeutic virtues of honey no longer need to be proven.
Exploration of the modification-induced self-assembly (MISA) technique and the preparation of nano-objects with a functional poly(acrylic acid) core
Authors: Zhou Peng , Shi Boyang , Liu Yuang , Li Penghan , Wang Guowei
Published: June 2022

The hydrolysis-based post-polymerization modification method was introduced into the self-assembly process and a modification-induced self-assembly (MISA) technique was presented.
Thermally-driven unusual dual SHG switching with wide SHG-active steps triggered by inverse symmetry breaking
Authors: Zhang Tie , Li Jun-Yi , Du Guo-Wei , Ding Kun , Chen Xiao-Gang , Zhang Yi , Fu Da-Wei
Published: June 2022

A hybrid molecular crystal exhibits unusual stable two-step SHG “off–on–off” switches above room temperature, which involved a kind of inverse temperature symmetry breaking SHG “off–on” switch.
Targeted drug release system based on pH-responsive PAA-POSS nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Won Jung , Lee Eu Hyun , Kwon Yong-Jin , Ye Sang-Kyu , Kim Kyu oh
Published: June 2022

pH-sensitive PAA-POSS@DOX nanoparticles were synthesized and showed high loading efficiency of over 75% and doxorubicin was quickly released to the target area. The ability of PAA-POSS@DOX to kill MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells has been demonstrated.
Theoretical study on the mechanism, chemo- and enantioselectivity of the Ag- vs. Rh-catalyzed intramolecular carbene transfer reaction of diazoacetamides
Authors: Song Qingmin , Wu Jiayi , Tzoukras Nikolaos V. , Wu Yong , Nolan Steven P.
Published: June 2022

DFT calculations reveal the mechanism, as well as the origins of chemoselectivity and enantioselectivity in the Ag vs. Rh catalyzed intramolecular carbene transfer reaction.
GlmU inhibitor from the roots of Euphorbia ebracteolata as an anti-tuberculosis agent
Authors: Han Xiuyan , Chen Changming , Wang Honglei , Kang Jian , Yan Qiulong , Ma Yufang , Wang Wenxin , Wu Shan , Wang Chao , Ma Xiaochi
Published: June 2022

Ebractenoid F was identified to be a GlmU inhibitor from Euphorbia ebracteolata, which could inhibit the cell wall biosynthesis of M. tb H37Ra, along with the biofilm formation.
Optically controlled coalescence and splitting of femtoliter/picoliter droplets for microreactors
Authors: Wen Mingcong , Yao Benjun , Yuan Shun , Zhang Weina , Zhang Yao , Yang Guowei , Lei Hongxiang
Published: June 2022

Optical trapping, transportation, coalescence and splitting of femto-/pico-liter microdroplets are realized based on a scanning optical tweezing system. On this basis, the microdroplets are used as microreactors to conduct the microreactions.
Utilization of a plasticized PVC optical sensor for the selective and efficient detection of cobalt(ii) in environmental samples
Authors: El-Feky Hesham H. , Amin Alaa S. , Moustafa Eslam M. I.
Published: June 2022

A novel sensitive, selective, and reversible cobalt(ii) ion optical sensor was prepared by the incorporation of [CPDB] and (NaTPB) in a (PVC) membrane containing (DOA) as a plasticizer.
Plasticized and salt-doped single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries
Authors: Ghorbanzade Pedram , Loaiza Laura C. , Johansson Patrik
Published: June 2022

Semi-solid solvent-free electrolytes are created from a single-ion conducting polymer electrolyte, a classic polymer and a plasticizing Li-salt.
Site specific NMR characterization of abeta-40 oligomers cross seeded by abeta-42 oligomers
Authors: Chang Han-Wen , Ma Ho-I. , Wu Yi-Shan , Lee Ming-Che , Chung-Yueh Yuan Eric , Huang Shing-Jong , Cheng Yu-Sheng , Wu Meng-Hsin , Tu Ling-Hsien , Chan Jerry Chun Chung
Published: June 2022

Extracellular accumulation of β amyloid peptides of 40 (Aβ40) and 42 residues (Aβ42) has been considered as one of the hallmarks in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease.
Recyclable fluorous-tag assisted two-directional oligosaccharide synthesis enabled by interrupted Pummerer reaction mediated glycosylation
Authors: Cai Lei , Chen Qi , Guo Jian , Liang Zhihua , Fu Dengxian , Meng Lingkui , Zeng Jing , Wan Qian
Published: June 2022

Recyclable fluorous-tag assisted IPRm glycosylation enabled efficient solution-phase synthesis and rapid fluorous purification, thus promoting sustainable two-directional oligosaccharide assembly.
On‐load tap‐changer fault mode recognition based on the singular value of Hilbert energy spectrum time‐frequency matrix and spectrum entropy
Authors: Geng Jianghai , Zhang Zikang , Wang Xinyu , Gao Shuguo , Wang Ping
Published: June 2022

To solve the difficulty of eigenvalue extraction of on‐load tap‐changer (OLTC) vibration signals, an eigenvalue extraction method of time‐frequency matrix based on Hilbert energy spectrum and spectral entropy is proposed in this study. By optimizing the Hilbert‐Huang transform (HHT) algorithm, the Hilbert energy spectrum of the vibration signal based on the time‐frequency distribution is obtained. The spectrum entropy of Hilbert energy spectrum was extracted to characterize the chaotic degree of vibration signal energy distribution, and avoided the problem of inaccurate feature quantity such as similarity due to the minute time difference during signal acquisition. A new time‐frequency matrix was constructed by frequency band division and singular value decomposition (SVD) was carried out. The singular value vector obtained contains the time, frequency and energy information, such as vibration frequency distribution and time‐frequency plane energy distribution, which represent the essential features of the original signal. The mechanical states of OLTC were characterized by Hilbert spectrum entropy and singular value. The features of the measured signals under the three typical faults of the driving mechanism are input into the intelligent multi‐classification support vector machine (DAG‐SVM) for pattern classification. The results show that this method can accurately identify the mechanical state of OLTC, and has practical application significance.
Performance improvement of a three‐phase PLL under distorted grid conditions based on frequency adaptive hybrid pre‐filtering
Authors: Wang Zhenshang , Fu Peng , Huang Liansheng , Chen Xiaojiao , He Shiying , Zhang Xiuqing , Yang Jian
Published: June 2022

The phase‐locked loop (PLL) is widely used for grid synchronization in converter control. The moving‐average filter (MAF)‐based PLL has recently attracted considerable attention. However, the response time is drastically increased due to the MAF's large window width, determined by the lowest harmonics. Furthermore, the filtering performance of MAF is affected by frequency fluctuation. This paper presents an improved PLL with a hybrid pre‐filtering, frequency‐adaptive MAF‐based PLL (FAMAF‐PLL), ingeniously cascading the MAF and the dual‐second‐order generalized integrator frequency‐locked loop (DSOGI‐FLL). The DSOGI‐FLL measures the frequency and filters out the lowest harmonics caused by the three‐phase imbalance. Thus, the delay time of MAF is reduced by narrowing the window width, and the filtering performance of the MAF is greatly improved through frequency adaptation based on the DSOGI‐FLL. The proposed FAMAF‐PLL significantly enhances the performance and accelerates the dynamic response compared with MAF‐PLL. Experiments were carried out to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
A modular isolated battery‐integrated multiport step‐up DC–DC converter for hybrid energy applications
Authors: Mahmoodieh Mir Esmaeel Seyed , Babaei Ebrahim , Sabahi Mehran
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a modular isolated battery‐integrated multiport step‐up dc–dc converter is designed for simultaneous energy transfer from multiple renewable energy sources (RESs) to a load. The proposed converter offers a plug‐and‐play capability of input sources where each input can be connected to and disconnected from the converter. The power generation shortage/surplus can be managed by a battery inserted into a bidirectional port. Also, charging/discharging durations of battery are independent of switching duty ratios for input sources. In the presented converter, inputs are connected in parallel with a common ground through individual step‐up dc–dc cells while outputs are connected in series with voltage doubler rectifiers (VDRs) to achieve higher voltage gains and lower voltage stress on output capacitors. Moreover, the leakage inductances of the isolated transformers with dc blocking capacitors provide quasi‐resonant operation to alleviate high turn‐off currents of switches and hard‐switching in VDR diodes. Due to interactions of converter control loops, a MIMO closed‐loop control system is designed to regulate the output voltage and output power of input sources at references. The simulation and experimental results obtained for three inputs verify performance of the developed converter in different modes.
Stochastic assessment of frequency support from wind power plants for power system with high wind penetration using correlation between wind farms
Authors: Yoo Yeuntae , Jang Gilsoo , Jung Seungmin
Published: June 2022

The increase of renewable energy use in a power generation decreases the flexibility of power supply. The intermittent and variable nature of renewable resources necessitates the use of a transmission system operator to prepare reserve generating power in case of power imbalance. Unfortunately, the generation and reserve margins of renewable energy generators are often insufficient. To ensure a balanced and resilient power system, surplus power generation from renewable resources must provide frequency support with the essential number of synchronous generators being remained in the network. Assessment of the amount of frequency support power from wind farm became available through forecast and real‐time operation planning. However, the exact amount of back‐up power that expected to be provided by individual wind farm can be barely determined due to the uncertainty and variation of renewable resources generation. A stochastic method for assessing the required frequency support operation of specific wind power plants is thus proposed in this paper. The stochastic correlation characteristics between a single wind farm and power system stability are applied in this method. The essential metrics for deloading operation and inertia response are calculated using the stochastic correlation model based on copula function.
Development of advanced cycles for control system Sinumerik 840D SL
Authors: Dodok Tomáš , Čuboňová Nadežda , Císar Miroslav
Published: June 2022

Sinumerik 840D includes several predefined cycles that allow the user to effectively create NC programs. In addition to the possibility of using these cycles, Sinumerik also has the possibility of creating new user-defined cycles. The article deals with possibilities of designing new cycles that extend the options available Sinumerik 840D in a simulated environment WinNc. Designed cycles focus on the use of advanced machining options such as jeweling or engine turning and trochoidal milling.
Mechatronic radial guiding system of railway vehicle wheelsets
Authors: Cierniewski Maksymilian , Mielniczuk Janusz
Published: June 2022

In this paper existing active and passive radial guiding systems of railway vehicle wheelsets are presented. The new system described in this paper is based on non-direct measuring lateral forces in bogie elements. As a part of project development there where numerical calculations and experiments on a test stand carried out. As a main issue, there where investigated stress signals from extensometers mounted on guiding elements of wheelsets. In conclusions, there is made a comparison between values obtained from numerical and experimental tests.
Technology for Porous Ammonium Nitrate Production: Analysis of Drying Machines’ Operating Modes
Authors: Artyukhova Nadiia , Krmela Jan , Artyukhov Artem
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the development of the technological principlesregarding thefinal drying process of the porous ammonium nitrate (PAN) granules in multistage gravitational shelf dryers. The data on the dryer’s optimal technological operatingmodes are obtained. PAN samples are studied; the regularity of the change in the porous structure of the granule depending on the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic conditions of the dryer is established. Experimental data obtained during the research will be used to create a methodology for the engineering calculation of gravitational shelf dryers.The data for calculating the residence time of particles in the dryer under various hydrodynamic operating modes are obtained. Moreover, the data about the optimal operating conditions of the drying machines at the final drying stage will be used to improve the technology to form porous granules from ordinary ammonium nitrate.
FEM Simulation of Non-proportional Multiaxial Fatigue Damage
Authors: Sága Milan , Vaško Milan , Ságová Zuzanka , Kuric Ivan , Kopas Peter , Handrik Marian
Published: June 2022

The paper deals with implementation of the optimizing process into multi-axial rainflow analysis and cumulative damage calculation. It’s presented computational program FEA_FAT compiled in MATLAB. Stress analysis is realized by finite element procedure and the cumulative damage can be calculated by using two fundamental ways – critical plane approach and so called integral approach. Testing example presents random stress analysis and damage prediction of a simple FE model with non-proportional loading.
The potential for use of cubic nonlinear systems in internal combustion engine drivetrains
Authors: Grega Ivan , Grega Robert , Puškár Michal
Published: June 2022

Modern-day approaches to reducing the emissions of combustion engines lead to unconventional strategies which include downspeeding, downsizing, cylinder deactivation. A common characteristic of these strategies is a shift in torque excitation components of the combustion engine. This excitation shift results in an increase in vibrations of the drivetrain and the risks associated with it. The presented article aims to investigate the elementary characteristics of the pure cubic nonlinear system and to identify the potential for its use in mechanical systems.
Experimental Research on Kinematic Features of Agricultural Tractor Movement on Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Waluś Konrad J. , Warguła Łukasz
Published: June 2022

Experimental research on agricultural tractor movement, acquisition and archiving of kinematic features is an important issue in the analysis of braking and acceleration processes. The obtained traffic parameters depend on the environmental conditions, condition and type of pavement, load, tire pressure and the area of tire-pavement cooperation. The acceleration factor, and in particular the braking process, is determined by the coefficient of friction enabling the assessment of forces and moments acting at the tire-road interface. The kinematic features known as a result of measurements can be used to assess the extent of road safety. The article describes experimental research aimed at understanding the kinematic features of agricultural tractor movement without a trailer on a homogeneous asphalt surface at three pressures in drive tires.
Analysis of the Contact Stresses of Spur Gears Manufactured by 3D Printing from Composite Materials
Authors: Zmindak Milan , Kaco Michal , Sapietova Alzbeta
Published: June 2022

Additive manufacturing is a technology rapidly expanding on a number of industrial sectors. However, it is still hampered by low productivity, poor quality and uncertainty of final part mechanical properties. Materials for production of given components are composite materials, especially on the basis of so-termed CFRP, CRP (carbon fibre - so-termed polymers reinforced by carbon fibres). Composite fibers have properties that can add high strength and stiffness to the printed part. Like all manufacturing processes, composite printing is only suitable for certain design applications. The fibers have a predetermined width during printing and, due to geometrical limitations, can only be used to reinforce structures meeting a certain minimum thickness. The objective of this paper is to predict the contact stresses of carbon/onyx spur gear using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results through the torque load. Finite element software ANSYS Workbench 20.0 is used to study the stress intensity factor of spur gear. A 3D solid model has been established for simulation of the spur gear which enables to understand the mechanical strength and strain at failure of the composite materials.
Finding input-output dependencies of feed forward neural networks
Authors: Stenchlák Vladimír , Kuric Ivan , Bencel Andrej
Published: June 2022

In this paper we are finding input-output dependencies of feed-forward neural network which usually behaves as black box. It is very important and difficult to find or evaluate those dependencies especially for multi-input/output data approximation. We will use small neural network which will be trained on a given data in MATLAB Mathworks. Network will be simulated in standalone .NET application.
Wind speed modeling using Weibull distribution: A case of Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovakia
Authors: Sedliačková Zuzana , Pobočíková Ivana , Michalková Mária , Jurášová Daniela
Published: June 2022

In the present paper, the Weibull distribution is used to analyse the wind speed data of Liptovský Mikuláš-Ondrašová (49°05′52″ N, 19°35′32″ E), situated in northern Slovakia. Analysed wind speed data were collected over the 11-year period (2005-2015) and they were recorded three times a day. The results show that the seasonal values of the shape parameterkrange from 1.474 to 1.607, with yearly value of 1.546 while the seasonal values of the scale parametercrange from 2.488 to 3.010m/s, with yearly value of 2.726m/s. We find out that according to the coefficient of determination and root mean square error, the Weibull distribution performs well in fitting the wind speed data.
Thromboembolic Complications in COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Italian Ordinary Wards: Data from the Multicenter Observational START-COVID Register
Authors: Poli Daniela , Antonucci Emilia , Ageno Walter , Prandoni Paolo , Barillari Giovanni , Bitti Giuseppina , Imbalzano Egidio , Bucherini Eugenio , Chistolini Antonio , Fregoni Vittorio , Galliazzo Silvia , Gandolfo Alberto , Grifoni Elisa , Mastroianni Franco , Panarello Serena , Pesavento Raffaele , Pedrini Simona , Sala Girolamo , Pignatelli Pasquale , Preti Paola , Simonetti Federico , Sivera Piera , Visonà Adriana , Villalta Sabina , Marcucci Rossella , Palareti Gualtiero
Published: June 2022

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection causes acute respiratory insufficiency with severe interstitial pneumonia and extrapulmonary complications; in particular, it may predispose to thromboembolic disease. The reported incidence of thromboembolic complications varies from 5 to 30% of cases.

Aim We conducted a multicenter, Italian, retrospective, observational study on COVID-19 patients admitted to ordinary wards, to describe the clinical characteristics of patients at admission and bleeding and thrombotic events occurring during the hospital stay.

Results The number of hospitalized patients included in the START-COVID-19 Register was 1,135, and the number of hospitalized patients in ordinary wards included in the study was 1,091, with 653 (59.9%) being males and 71 years (interquartile range 59–82 years) being the median age. During the observation, two (0.2%) patients had acute coronary syndrome episodes and one patient (0.1%) had an ischemic stroke; no other arterial thrombotic events were recorded. Fifty-nine patients had symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) (5.4%) events, 18 (30.5%) deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 39 (66.1%) pulmonary embolism (PE), and 2 (3.4%) DVT+PE. Among patients with DVT, eight (44.4%) were isolated distal DVT and two cases were jugular thrombosis. Among patients with PE, seven (17.9%) events were limited to subsegmental arteries. No fatal PE was recorded. Major bleeding events occurred in nine (1.2%) patients and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding events in nine (1.2%) patients. All bleeding events occurred among patients receiving thromboprophylaxis, more frequently when treated with subtherapeutic or therapeutic dosages.

Conclusion Our findings confirm that patients admitted to ordinary wards for COVID-19 infection are at high risk for thromboembolic events. VTE recorded among these patients is mainly isolated PE, suggesting a peculiar characteristic of VTE in these patients.
N-Glycosylation Deficiency Reduces the Activation of Protein C and Disrupts Endothelial Barrier Integrity
Authors: Pascreau Tiffany , Saller François , Bianchini Elsa P. , Lasne Dominique , Bruneel Arnaud , Reperant Christelle , Foulquier François , Denis Cécile V. , De Lonlay Pascale , Borgel Delphine
Published: June 2022

Phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2) deficiency is the most prevalent congenital disorder of glycosylation. It is associated with coagulopathy, including protein C deficiency. Since all components of the anticoagulant and cytoprotective protein C system are glycosylated, we sought to investigate the impact of an N-glycosylation deficiency on this system as a whole. To this end, we developed a PMM2 knockdown model in the brain endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3. The resulting PMM2low cells were less able to generate activated protein C (APC), due to lower surface expression of thrombomodulin and endothelial protein C receptor. The low protein levels were due to downregulated transcription of the corresponding genes (THBD and PROCR, respectively), which itself was related to downregulation of transcription regulators Krüppel-like factors 2 and 4 and forkhead box C2. PMM2 knockdown was also associated with impaired integrity of the endothelial cell monolayer—partly due to an alteration in the structure of VE-cadherin in adherens junctions. The expression of protease-activated receptor 1 (involved in the cytoprotective effects of APC on the endothelium) was not affected by PMM2 knockdown. Thrombin stimulation induced hyperpermeability in PMM2low cells. However, pretreatment of cells with APC before thrombin simulation was still associated with a barrier-protecting effect. Taken as a whole, our results show that the partial loss of PMM2 in hCMEC/D3 cells is associated with impaired activation of protein C and a relative increase in barrier permeability.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Thromboprophylaxis with Heparins Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Chi Gerald , Lee Jane J. , Sheng Shi , Marszalek Jolanta , Chuang Michael L.
Published: June 2022

Background The efficacy and safety of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unclear.

Methods A literature search was performed to collect studies comparing the effect of thromboprophylaxis in patients with ICH. The primary endpoints were deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and hematoma expansion or rebleeding. A meta-analytic approach was employed to estimate the relative risk (RR) by fitting fixed-effects (FE) and random-effects (RE) models.

Results A total of 28 studies representing 3,697 hospitalized patients with ICH were included. Thromboprophylaxis was initiated within 4 days following hospital presentation and continued for 10 to 14 days in most of studies. Compared with control, thromboprophylaxis was associated with a reduced risk of DVT (47/1,399 [3.4%] vs. 202/1,377 [14.7%]; FE: RR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.18–0.32; RE: RR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.19–0.39) as well as PE (9/953 [0.9%] vs. 37/864 [4.3%]; FE: RR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.19–0.57; RE: RR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.21–0.66). Thromboprophylaxis was not associated with increased risk of hematoma expansion or rebleeding (32/1,319 [2.4%] vs. 37/1,301 [2.8%]; FE: RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.48–1.18; RE: RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.49–1.30) or mortality (117/925 [12.6%] vs. 139/904 [15.4%]; FE: RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.65–1.03; RE: RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.66–1.04).

Conclusion Thromboprophylaxis was effective in preventing DVT and PE without increasing the risk of hematoma expansion or bleeding among ICH patients. Future studies should explore the long-term effects of thromboprophylaxis in this population, particularly on the functional outcomes.
Type-2 Neurofibromatosis Patient with Parasagittal Meningioma: A Challenging Airway
Authors: Depuru Aparna , Barik Amiya K. , Jangra Kiran , Panda Nidhi B.
Published: June 2022

The anesthetic management of a type-2 neurofibromatosis patient with a difficult airway is quite challenging. Such a situation tests the limits of the anesthesiologist's preparedness in maintaining the balance of the cerebral protection strategies and securing the airway. The anticipated challenges include managing the airway, controlling the raised intracranial pressure, and maintaining stable hemodynamics in anticipation of the expected blood loss. This article focuses on the preoperative airway evaluation and intraoperative preparedness in case of a patient with type-2 neurofibromatosis scheduled for craniotomy and excision of intracranial meningioma.
DNA Methylation and Ischemic Stroke Risk: An Epigenome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Cullell Natalia , Soriano-Tárraga Carolina , Gallego-Fábrega Cristina , Cárcel-Márquez Jara , Torres-Águila Nuria P. , Muiño Elena , Lledós Miquel , Llucià-Carol Laia , Esteller Manel , Castro de Moura Manuel , Montaner Joan , Fernández-Sanlés Alba , Elosua Roberto , Delgado Pilar , Martí-Fábregas Joan , Krupinski Jerzy , Roquer Jaume , Jiménez-Conde Jordi , Fernández-Cadenas Israel
Published: June 2022

Background Ischemic stroke (IS) risk heritability is partly explained by genetics. Other heritable factors, such as epigenetics, could explain an unknown proportion of the IS risk. The objective of this study is to evaluate DNA methylation association with IS using epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS).

Methods We performed a two-stage EWAS comprising 1,156 subjects. Differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were assessed using the Infinium 450K and EPIC BeadChip in the discovery cohort (252 IS and 43 controls). Significant DMPs were replicated in an independent cohort (618 IS and 243 controls). Stroke subtype associations were also evaluated. Differentially methylated cell-type (DMCT) was analyzed in the replicated CpG sites using EpiDISH. We additionally performed pathway enrichment analysis and causality analysis with Mendelian randomization for the replicated CpG sites.

Results A total of 957 CpG sites were epigenome-wide-significant (p ≤ 10−7) in the discovery cohort, being CpG sites in the top signals (logFC = 0.058, p = 2.35 × 10−22; logFC = 0.035, p = 3.22 × 10−22, respectively). ZFHX3 and MAP3K1 were among the most significant DMRs. In addition, 697 CpG sites were replicated considering Bonferroni-corrected p-values (p < 5.22 × 10−5). All the replicated DMPs were associated with risk of cardioembolic, atherothrombotic, and undetermined stroke. The DMCT analysis demonstrated that the significant associations were driven by natural killer cells. The pathway enrichment analysis showed overrepresentation of genes belonging to certain pathways including oxidative stress. ZFHX3 and MAP3K1 methylation was causally associated with specific stroke-subtype risk.

Conclusion Specific DNA methylation pattern is causally associated with IS risk. These results could be useful for specifically predicting stroke occurrence and could potentially be evaluated as therapeutic targets.
Standard Document Development for Health Information Exchange in Korea
Authors: Jung Sungwon , Bae Sungchul , Seong Donghyeong , Yi Byoung-Kee
Published: June 2022

Background Health information exchange (HIE) allows healthcare providers to access a patient's medical information to improve patient care continuity. The standardized data realize the HIE values. Since the Health Level 7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) is flexible, implementation guides (IG) are needed for use cases. Although many CDA IGs have been developed, they did not describe how these CDA IGs were developed. A national CDA IG that meets the local requirements is demanded since the data differs according to the digital divide and social–cultural background of the country that wants to establish HIE. Due to their localized contents, other countries cannot directly adopt the published CDA IGs.

Objectives We developed the national CDA IG, namely, Korean (K)-CDA IG that meets the local requirement, including reusable structured templates, value sets, and object identifiers (OIDs). We present a detailed description of the development process and the technical methods of the national CDA IG in the Korean context.

Methods The K-CDA IG was developed in the following stages: analysis, development, and evaluation. First, we investigated the health information environment and electronic health record (EHR) systems and conducted a gap analysis with published CDA IGs. Second, a templated CDA approach was taken for designing modular. Lastly, we consulted a technical advisory group for comments on the validity of the K-CDA IG.

Results A total of 35 CDA templates were developed. We improved 28 value sets of which 13 were Korea specific and 15 were based on the ones used in other IGs, and made a set of rules to establish the OID structure.

Conclusion We presented the development process and the technical specifications of K-CDA IG. We explored how the results can be used as interoperability criteria in the national EHR systems certification program. Finally, we provided recommendations that could guide other entities planning their HIE programs.
Team-Based Learning in Medical Colleges: Need, Scope, and the Potential Factors for Successful Implementation
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh R. , Shrivastava Prateek S.
Published: June 2022

Owing to the rapid advancements in the field of medicine, it is a major challenge for the medical educators to prepare the medical students to be ready and competent in their future clinical practice. It is a must that the medical students should not only be knowledgeable and skilled but also acquire the trait of being a lifelong learner. The adoption of team-based learning is an effective teaching-learning strategy to prepare the medical students for all the above roles, as it envisages working in teams to resolve the clinical-practice-related issues. In conclusion, team-based learning is an effective teaching-learning method that advocates practical application of the learned knowledge and encourages teamwork for the resolution of medical problems. However, successful implementation of team-based learning in a medical college is dependent upon the support from administrators, faculty members, and active participation of the medical students.
A note on fire weather indices
Authors: Sharples Jason J.
Published: June 2022

The influence of meteorological conditions on wildfire behaviour and propagation has been recognised through the development of a variety of fire weather indices, which combine information on air temperature, atmospheric moisture and wind, amongst other factors. These indices have been employed in several different contexts ranging from fire behaviour prediction and understanding wildfire potential to identifying conditions conducive to blow-up fires. This paper considers four such indices in the absence of free moisture (i.e. zero rainfall, no dew, etc.) and demonstrates that to a very good approximation, and up to rescaling, all four fire weather indices are equivalent.
Congruences of elliptic curves arising from nonsurjective mod 𝑁 Galois representations
Authors: Frengley Sam
Published: June 2022

We study

N
N

-congruences between quadratic twists of elliptic curves. If

N
N

has exactly two distinct prime factors we show that these are parametrised by double covers of certain modular curves. In many, but not all cases, the modular curves in question correspond to the normaliser of a Cartan subgroup of

GL
2

⁡
(

Z

/

N

Z

)

\operatorname {GL}_2(\mathbb {Z}/N\mathbb {Z})

. By computing explicit models for these double covers we find all pairs

(
N
,
r
)

(N, r)

such that there exist infinitely many

j
j

-invariants of elliptic curves

E

/

Q

E/\mathbb {Q}

which are

N
N

-congruent with power

r
r

to a quadratic twist of

E
E

. We also find an example of a

48
48

-congruence over

Q

\mathbb {Q}

. We make a conjecture classifying nontrivial

(
N
,
r
)

(N,r)

-congruences between quadratic twists of elliptic curves over

Q

\mathbb {Q}

.

Finally, we give a more detailed analysis of the level

15
15

case. We use elliptic Chabauty to determine the rational points on a modular curve of genus

2
2

whose Jacobian has rank

2
2

and which arises as a double cover of the modular curve

X
(

n
s

3
+

,

n
s

5
+

)

X(\mathrm {ns\,} 3^+, \mathrm {ns\,} 5^+)

. As a consequence we obtain a new proof of the class number

1
1

problem.
A new improved regularity criterion of solutions to Leray-𝛼-MHD model and Navier-Stokes equation
Authors: Wu Jiayan , Zhang Ting
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we obtain the

n
n

th-logarithmically improved regularity criterion of smooth solutions for the incompressible Leray-

α
\alpha

-MHD model in terms of the magnetic field

B
B

. Meanwhile, the new logarithmically improved regularity criterion for the 3D Navier-Stokes equation in terms of the pressure

π
\pi

and gradient of velocity

∇
u

\nabla u

can also be established. Especially, we explore a new logarithmically improved Serrin’s criterion for the 3D Navier-Stokes equations, which improves the results of Lei and Zhou [Commn. Pure Appl. Anal. 12 (2013), pp. 2715–2719].
Experiments with Ceresa classes of cyclic Fermat quotients
Authors: Lilienfeldt David , Shnidman Ari
Published: June 2022

We give two new examples of non-hyperelliptic curves whose Ceresa cycles have torsion images in the intermediate Jacobian. For one of them, the central value of the

L
L

-function of the relevant motive is non-vanishing and the Ceresa cycle is torsion in the Griffiths group, consistent with the conjectures of Beilinson and Bloch. We speculate on a possible explanation for the existence of these torsion Ceresa classes, based on some computations with cyclic Fermat quotients.
Stability of transition semigroups and applications to parabolic equations
Authors: Gerlach Moritz , Glück Jochen , Kunze Markus
Published: June 2022

This paper deals with the long-term behavior of positive operator semigroups on spaces of bounded functions and of signed measures, which have applications to parabolic equations with unbounded coefficients and to stochastic analysis. The main results are a Tauberian type theorem characterizing the convergence to equilibrium of strongly Feller semigroups and a generalization of a classical convergence theorem of Doob. None of these results requires any kind of time regularity of the semigroup.