bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting long-term pain by combining brain imaging, genetics and health questionnaire data with Swedish national registries using a prospective superstruct design
Authors: Gedin Filip , Blomé Sebastian , Kastrati Granit , Lalouni Maria , Åhs Fredrik , Fransson Peter , Rosén Jörgen , Thompson William Hedley , Jensen Karin
Published: November 2024

Background:

Long-term pain is a common health problem that results in disability for patients of all ages, leading to an enormous economic burden. Over 20% of the population suffer from long-term pain. Unfortunately, there are no clinical tests that predicts who will develop long-term pain. The overall aim is to predict future pain incidence based on brain function, pain behavior, health status, and genetic variability.

Method:

PrePain utilizes a superstruct design, which involves recruiting participants from ongoing research projects. Eligible individuals for participation in PrePain were over 18 years old and free from long-term pain. During the baseline visit, participants provide pain and health-related questionnaires, undergo structural and functional MRI scans, and provide a saliva sample for DNA extraction. Individual baseline measures are then routinely followed-up via national registries.

Result:

We present quality-assessed data from over 300 participants. The average age was 34 years, and most participants were women (75%). Participants rated their pain sensitivity above average and reported low avoidance. Catastrophizing thoughts during painful episodes were rated as moderate. Assessments of (f)MRI data indicated generally good image quality. In this first follow-up, we found that 45 participants had a pain-related diagnoses.

Conclusion:

Results indicate that a superstruct design is feasible for collecting a large number of high-quality data. The incidence of long-term pain indicates that a sufficient number of participants have been recruited to complete the prediction analyses. PrePain is a unique prospective pain database with a fair prognosis to determine risk factors of long-term pain.
Determinants of early resumption of postpartum sexual intercourse in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Belay Habtamu Gebrehana , Yehuala Enyew Dagnew , Asmer Getie Simegnew , Ayele Alemu Degu , Yimer Tigist Seid , Berihun Erega Besfat , Ferede Wassie Yazie , Worke Mulugeta Dile , Mihretie Gedefaye Nibret
Published: November 2024

Background:

The World Health Organization recommends that all postpartum women be examined for resumed sexual activity. Despite this, postpartum sexual health education and health promotion are not adequately incorporated into current maternal healthcare systems in low- and middle-income nations. There were variations in the prevalence and variables associated with early postpartum sexual intercourse across several studies.

Objectives:

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the pooled prevalence and associated factors for early postpartum sexual intercourse in sub-Saharan African countries.

Data Sources and Methods:

Primary studies were identified using international databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and CINAHL. The Newcastle‒Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality and strength of the included studies. STATA version 17 was used for the meta-analysis. The heterogeneity of the studies and publication bias was examined using I2 statistics and Egger’s regression test. Subgroup analysis decreased the underlying heterogeneity based on the study years and sample sizes.

Results:

Seventeen primary articles were included in the meta-analysis with 8507 study participants. The pooled prevalence of early postpartum sexual resumption in sub-Saharan Africa was 39.41% (95% CI: 31.55%–47.27%). Primiparous (OR = 3.32; 95% CI: 2.26–5.90), spontaneous vaginal delivery (OR = 5.98; 95% CI: 1.74–20.51), formula feeding (OR = 2.24; 95% CI: 1.46–3.44), family planning (OR = 2.91; 95% CI: 1.89–4.49), husband pressure (OR = 4.99; 95% CI: 1.38–18.05), have no formal education (OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.49–3.76), and monogamy (OR = 4.18; 95% CI: 2.27–7.69) were significantly associated with early postpartum sexual resumption.

Conclusion:

Four out of 10 women had returned to sexual activity within 6 weeks of giving birth. This suggests that a large proportion of women are more vulnerable to unwanted pregnancies and sexual health problems. Sexual health education and counseling should be incorporated into standard postpartum care to increase contraceptive use and delay unplanned pregnancies.
Obesity Stigma Among Healthcare Workers in a Teaching Hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bahamdan Ahmed S. , Shafey Marwa M. , Alabdulkader Assim M. , Aldhawyan Adam F. , Alharkan Khalid S. , Almohaimeed Omar K. , Holdar Mohammad J.
Published: November 2024

Background:

Obesity is a significant public health issue in Saudi Arabia. Rising obesity rates increase the risk of weight bias and stigma, even among healthcare workers.

Objectives:

This study assesses weight stigma in healthcare workers, with findings intended to inform strategies for creating a more supportive healthcare environment for patients with obesity.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in a university hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Healthcare workers completed self-administered questionnaires, including the Attitudes toward Obese Persons Scale (ATOP) and the Beliefs about Obese Persons Scale (BAOP), which assess levels of positive attitudes and beliefs about obesity, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results:

The study included 266 healthcare workers (HCWs), mean age 33.21 years, with 54.5% female. The ATOP mean score was 64.4, and BAOP mean score was 18.3, indicating moderate negative attitudes and beliefs toward obesity. Significant differences in ATOP scores were found based on age, patient interactions, and years of experience.

Discussion

Our study aligns with international findings, revealing significant weight stigma among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia. Such stigma can negatively impact patient care, leading to biased treatment and poorer health outcomes. Societal norms and personal biases contribute to this stigma, despite misconceptions regarding its supposed motivational effects. Addressing this requires comprehensive training and education for healthcare providers. Policymakers should include weight bias education into medical curricula and establish anti-discrimination policies to promote inclusivity and respect.

Conclusions:

Our study highlights obesity stigma among Saudi healthcare workers and the need for targeted interventions. Creating a supportive, nonjudgmental environment can enhance patient-provider relationships and improve healthcare outcomes for individuals with obesity.
Vaccine Hesitancy Affecting Pneumococcal Vaccine Refusal in Older Adults with Morbidities
Authors: Chitaree Woothikrai , Buawangpong Nida , Yotruangsri Thanachat , Jiraporncharoen Wichuda , Pinyopornpanish Kanokporn
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with Streptococcus pneumoniae being the most common cause. Older adults are particularly at risk. However, vaccination rates in Thailand remain low.

Objective:

This study aims to examine the prevalence of vaccine refusal and its association with factors outlined in the 5C model (Confidence, Complacency, Constraints, Calculation, and Collective Responsibility) among older patients with morbidities.

Setting:

Study was conducted at outpatient clinic of the Department of Family Medicine, Chiang Mai University.

Methods:

An observational cross-sectional study. The data was collected via a self-administered questionnaire including demographic data, questionnaire in 5C model, and intention to received pneumococcal vaccine. Comparison of characteristic between vaccine refuser and non-refuser was performed by using Chi-square or a T-test. To explore the association between factors in 5C model and vaccine refusal, multiple logistic regression was performed with an adjustment for confounders.

Results:

From a total of 150 participants, the mean age was 69.8 ± 5.6 years old. Most of the patients were female (60.7%). The study found that 18% of the participants refused the pneumococcal vaccine. After adjusted for the confounders, the lower collective responsibility and confidence were significantly associated with vaccine refusal (Odds ratio 0.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06-0.74, P = .015) and Odds ratio 0.43 (95% CI 0.20-0.89, P = .024), respectively.

Conclusion:

Strategies to enhance confidence and address complacency about vaccines are essential for improving pneumococcal vaccination coverage. This insight can be used as a guideline and policies can be formulated which are aimed at reducing pneumococcal vaccine refusal in the older adults by enhancing communication about the benefits, efficacy, and risks of vaccines.
Early Full Weight-Bearing Exercises to Improve Gait Function in Older Adult Patients Following Surgery for Distal Femoral Fractures
Authors: Watanabe Shin , Watanabe Kei , Kinjo Yasuharu , Imai Koushiro , Muraoka Mikio
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Postoperative rehabilitation for distal femur fracture generally requires gait exercises with weight-bearing restrictions. We aimed to determine whether full weight-bearing gait exercises immediately postoperatively effectively maintain walking ability in older adult patients with distal femur fractures.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with distal femur fractures between April 2017 and March 2024 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients aged ≥75 years who had undergone surgical treatment were classified into full weight-bearing (FWB) and non-weight-bearing (NWB) groups, with FWB and NWB gait exercises starting immediately postoperatively. Patient background was evaluated in terms of age at time of surgery, sex, weight, cognitive function, and fracture type (AO classification). Postoperative outcomes were operative time, intraoperative blood loss, gait function, and postoperative complications. Two osteosynthesis conditions that allowed postoperative FWB were achievement of bony support through anatomical reduction of the medial femur and the use of adequate supplemental fixation to maintain reduction.

Results

The study comprised 21 patients (1 man, 20 women; mean age, 87.2 [79-99] years). Extra- and intra-articular fractures were identified in 16 and 5 patients, respectively. The surgical procedures were lateral plating, double plating, and one-stage total knee arthroplasty in 16, 3, and 2 patients, respectively. There were 9 and 12 patients in the FWB and NWB groups, respectively, with no significant differences in patient background. The mean decrease in the Parker mobility score was 0.11 points (range, -3-2 points) in the FWB group vs 1.92 points (range, 0-3 points) in the NWB group, indicating that gait function was maintained in the FWB group ( P = 0.0063). Two and 9 patients in the FWB and NWB groups, respectively, experienced complications ( P = 0.017).

Conclusion

Consideration should be given to treatment involving orthogeriatric care for older adults with distal femur fractures. Rehabilitation with FWB can preserve gait function and reduce postoperative complications.
Geographies of value and valuation: On boundary objects, a sensibility and trajectories
Authors: Schwanen Tim
Published: November 2024

This article introduces the special issue on ‘Geographies of Value and Valuation’ and has a threefold objective. Apart from introducing the contributions to the special issue, it reviews important modes of thinking with regard to the spatial politics of value and valuation, and identifies some ways forward for geographers’ engagement with questions of value, valuation and value experience. It discusses Marxist thought on value primarily by considering recent texts by David Harvey, and reflects on the multiple ways in which value is performed through the philosophies of Brian Massumi and John Dewey, diverse economy scholarship, and the burgeoning research in sociology and science and technology studies on valuation. It also encourages geographers to consider valuation as more than the preserve of humans, to heed value as non-cognitive experience, and to experiment with value, valuation and value experience to affirm, enact and institutionalize more-than-capitalist worlds at a time of poly-crisis. Engaged pluralism and cross-fertilization across theoretical traditions will help geographers in realizing the potential contributions their engagement with value and valuation can make over and above the considerable achievements so far.
Clinician Experiences With Integrative Group Medical Visits for Chronic Pain
Authors: Jackson Mary , Gardiner Paula , Leeman Jennifer , Roth Isabel
Published: November 2024

Background

The well-being of healthcare teams is an important consideration when seeking to improve patient experience and quality of care. Prior studies have found that changes to working conditions are most effective in improving clinician well-being. Integrative Group Medical Visits (IGMVs) modify working conditions in ways that have potential to improve clinician experience.

Objective

The objective of this study was to understand healthcare teams’ experiences with IGMVs.

Methods

In this qualitative study, interviews were conducted via Zoom and telephone with 21 clinicians, administrators, and staff from safety-net healthcare settings throughout the United States (U.S.) who have implemented IGMVs for patients with chronic pain. Interviews included questions about clinician experience, well-being, and satisfaction with the IGMV model. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded using thematic content analysis by a team of trained qualitative researchers.

Results

The authors identified five themes describing how IGMV positively affected clinician well-being: organizational supports, human-centered engagement, collaboration with an interprofessional team, provision of guideline-concordant care, and enhanced meaning and purpose for the clinicians.

Conclusion

The current study was the first to use interviews from healthcare teams who have implemented IGMV to assess their experience. The themes identified warrant further investigation into IGMVs as a strategy to promote clinician well-being and mitigate aspects of burnout.
MIF promotes Th17 cell differentiation in rheumatoid arthritis through ATF6 signal pathway
Authors: Yan Guozhi , Song Rongrong , Zhang Jieyu , Li Zhihao , Lu Zhantao , Liu Zijian , Zeng Xiaokang , Yao Jie
Published: November 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease that can lead to irreversible joint damage when it occurs, but its pathogenesis has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we explored the roles of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), and Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of RA. We have preliminarily confirmed that MIF expression in CD4+T cells and the proportion of Th17 cells are increased in active RA patients. We also found that ER stress is activated, initiating ATF6 pathway in the UPR. Additionally, using in vitro stimulation and co-immunoprecipitation experiments, we have confirmed the interaction between MIF and ATF6, which enhances protein expression in ATF6 pathway. Subsequently, in the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we observed the enrichment of ATF6 subunit on the promoter sequences of the Th17 cell differentiation genes STAT3 and RORC. Additionally, the differentiation of Th17 cells was disrupted by Ceapin-A7 (ATF6 inhibitor). In summary, our results indicate that MIF enhances ATF6 pathway signaling, which promotes the differentiation of Th17 cells. This could be a potential mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of RA, offering a new direction for the clinical treatment of RA.
Mapping an avirulence gene in the sunflower parasitic weed Orobanche cumana and characterization of host selection based on virulence alleles
Authors: Calderón-González Álvaro , Fernández-Melero Belén , del Moral Lidia , Muños Stéphane , Velasco Leonardo , Pérez-Vich Begoña
Published: November 2024

Background

Sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) is a holoparasitic plant that jeopardizes sunflower production in most areas of Europe and Asia. Recently, populations with increased virulence, classified as race GGV, have been identified in Southern Spain’s Guadalquivir Valley gene pool. These populations overcome resistance genes in hybrids resistant to the predominant race FGV. This study aimed to (i) determine the inheritance and map the avirulence trait segregating in a cross between O. cumana individuals from populations EK23 (FGV) and IN201 (GGV), and (ii) characterize the host effect on the IN201 parental population allelic diversity.

Results

A segregating population consisting of 144 F2:3 families was evaluated for virulence using a differential sunflower genotype (Hybrid 1, resistant to race FGV and susceptible to race GGV) and genotyped with SNP markers. The ratio of avirulent to virulent F2:3 families was not significantly different to 1:3 (χ2 = 0.93; P = 0.34), indicating monogenic control of the avirulence/virulence trait. The AvrG−GV locus was mapped on the upper end of O. cumana chromosome 2, 9.2 cM distal from the SNP markers OS04791 and OS02805. Secretome analysis in the AvrG−GV region revealed a cysteine-rich CAP superfamily- and a glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase family 3-encoding genes as possible candidates for AvrG−GV. SNP allelic analysis on the IN201 population parasitizing a highly susceptible genotype or the differential genotype Hybrid 1 showed that (i) IN201 structure was shaped towards virulent alleles at SNP loci linked to AvrG−GV (ii) there were significant allelic frequency differences associated with the host genotype at AvrG−GV–linked loci.

Conclusions

This study mapped for the first time an avirulence gene in parasitic plants using a classical genetic approach, confirmed a gene-for-gene model in the O.cumana –sunflower system, and showed the implication of this single avirulence gene in determining the structure of broomrape populations subjected to selection pressure posed by a resistant genotype. The results will contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between crops and weedy parasitic plants, and to effectively manage evolution of virulence by sustainable control strategies based on host genetic resistance.
A qualitative study of young workers’ experience of the psychosocial work environment and how this affects their mental health
Authors: van Veen Malte , Schelvis Roosmarijn MC , Bongers Paulien M , Oude Hengel Karen M , Boot Cécile RL
Published: November 2024

Background

The evidence base for the relationship between psychosocial work factors and mental health focuses primarily on the general working population but little is known about young workers. The aim of this qualitative study is to identify psychosocial work factors that affect the mental health of young workers, with a focus on (1) novel factors of the psychosocial work environment that are relevant for young workers but have not been described in the literature and (2) experiences of psychosocial work factors associated with mental health that are specific to and typical for young workers.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were held with 36 workers aged up to 30. Participants were asked to describe work situations that affected their mental health. Factors were identified using a combination of inductive and deductive coding and open-coded factors were mapped onto the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ), which is widely used as a framework for psychosocial work factors.

Results

Most of the psychosocial factors mentioned by the young workers could be mapped onto the COPSOQ framework and were therefore similar to the general working population. Novel factors identified by this study were “Procedural support” and “Responsibility for others”. We also identified young-worker-specific experiences of psychosocial work factors associated with mental health (i.e. Quantitative Demands, Influence at Work, Commitment to the Workplace, Job Insecurity, Quality of work, Job satisfaction, and Vertical Trust). Lastly, young workers did not report the COPSOQ factor Insecurity over working conditions and Work-life conflict was reported as an indicator of mental health status rather than being perceived as a factor of the psychosocial work environment.

Conclusions

Psychosocial work factors and their influence on mental health reported by young workers in this qualitative study are comparable to what is reported for the general working population. There are however some young-worker-specific experiences of psychosocial work factors and two novel factors. The novel factors, “Procedural support” and “Responsibility for others” are not found in common psychosocial work factor frameworks and might be studied specifically in relation to young workers. Our results provide organisations with levers that can be used to create a psychosocial work environment that benefits the mental health of young workers.
Conspiracy narratives and vaccine hesitancy: a scoping review of prevalence, impact, and interventions
Authors: Taubert Frederike , Meyer-Hoeven Georg , Schmid Philipp , Gerdes Pia , Betsch Cornelia
Published: November 2024

Believing conspiracy narratives is frequently assumed to be a major cause of vaccine hesitancy, i.e., the tendency to forgo vaccination despite its availability. In this scoping review, we synthesise and critically evaluate studies that assess i) the occurrence of vaccine-related conspiracy narratives on the internet, ii) the prevalence of belief in vaccine-related conspiracy narratives, iii) the relationship between belief in conspiracy narratives and vaccination intention or vaccination uptake, and iv) interventions that reduce the impact of conspiracy narratives on vaccination intention.

In July 2022, we conducted a literature search using three databases: PubMed, PsychInfo, and Web of Science. Following the PRISMA approach, of the 500 initially identified articles, 205 were eligible and analysed.

The majority of identified studies were conducted in Europe and North America, were published in 2021 and 2022, and investigated conspiracy narratives around the COVID-19 vaccination. The prevalence of belief in various vaccine-related conspiracy narratives varied greatly across studies, from 2 to 77%. We identified seven experimental studies investigating the effect of exposure to conspiracy narratives on vaccination intentions, of which six indicated a small negative effect. These findings are complemented by the evidence from over 100 correlative studies showing a significant negative relationship between conspiracy beliefs and vaccination intention or uptake. Additionally, the review identified interventions (e.g., social norm feedback, fact-checking labels, or prebunking) that decreased beliefs in vaccine-related conspiracy narratives and, in some cases, also increased vaccination intentions. Yet, these interventions had only small effects.

In summary, the review revealed that vaccine-related conspiracy narratives have spread to varying degrees and can influence vaccination decisions. Causal relationships between conspiracy beliefs and vaccination intentions remain underexplored. Further, the review identified a need for more research on interventions that can reduce the impact of conspiracy narratives.
Evaluation of the cost and care outcomes by group related to the diagnosis of bariatric surgery
Authors: Böger Beatriz , de Souza Ribeiro Guilherme , Aguiar Bianca Fontana , Lind Jolline , Fiebrantz Anne Karine Bosetto , Ramos Moacir Pires , de Lima João Henrique Felicio , Rocha Jaime Luis Lopes
Published: November 2024

Background

To conduct a comprehensive assessment of real patient data undergoing the procedure within a healthcare provider, integrating both costs and care stages related to bariatric surgery, emphasizing the relevance of analysis by Diagnosis-related group (DRG).

Methods

Prospective study of patients coded by DRG within a network of providers accredited to a Brazilian healthcare provider. All patients coded with metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) between 01/2019 and 06/2023 and undergoing gastrectomy procedure were included for analysis. The cost base used was derived from administrative payment information of the healthcare provider. Analyses were presented as mean, median, and standard deviation. Levene, Student’s t-test, Kendall’s tau, and Pearson’s chi-square tests were used.

Results

The study included a total of 1408 patients who underwent MBS in four prominent hospitals in the area during the specified period. Among these patients, an average of 74.8% were female, with a mean age of 37.31 years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 40.3 kg/m2. Furthermore, 88.9% of the patients underwent gastric bypass. Although there were few acquired complications during hospital admission there were vascular complications following infusion, transfusion, and therapeutic injection, 22.45% (n = 11), hemorrhage and hematoma complicating procedure not classified elsewhere, 8.16% (n = 4), leakage, 8.16% (n = 4), and one death during this study. There were 67 readmissions within 30 days (4,75%). The total costs incurred throughout the patient’s journey, covering hospitalization and one-year post-procedure, exhibited a median value of $4,078.53. Additionally, a notable positive association was observed between post-discharge expenses and age, indicating a tendency for costs to rise as patients grow older.

Conclusion

The identified results highlight the complexity and challenges associated with bariatric surgery, including patient management and substantial costs involved. Therefore, a more comprehensive and personalized approach in postoperative management and resource allocation may be necessary to optimize clinical and economic outcomes.
Attitudes towards Telemedicine Services and Associated Factors among health professionals in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chereka Alex Ayenew , Mekonnen Gebrehiwot Berie , Yirsaw Amlaku Nigusie , Mengistie Berihun Agegn , Getachew Eyob , Lakew Gebeyehu , Shibabaw Adamu Ambachew , Kitil Gemeda Wakgari
Published: November 2024

Background

Telemedicine is a vital tool for improving healthcare delivery in Ethiopia, where geographic, economic, and infrastructural challenges limit access to care, particularly in rural areas. With a shortage of healthcare professionals and limited medical services, telemedicine offers a solution by enabling remote consultations and continuous monitoring, extending healthcare to underserved populations. However, the successful adoption of telemedicine depends largely on the attitudes of healthcare professionals, whose acceptance and use of the technology are crucial for its integration. This study reviews the factors influencing Ethiopian health professionals’ attitudes toward telemedicine to provide insights that can support its adoption and improve healthcare delivery in the country.

Methods

Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of studies on telemedicine attitudes, initially identifying 15,900 articles. After screening, 5 full-text articles were selected for inclusion. The data were analyzed using STATA version 11, where heterogeneity was assessed using the I² test, and publication bias was evaluated through funnel plots and Egger’s regression. The pooled effect size was calculated using a random-effects model, with a 95% confidence interval to ensure the robustness and precision of the findings.

Results

The finding that 53.42% (95% CI: 42.02–64.83) of Ethiopian health professionals hold positive attitudes towards telemedicine suggests a moderate level of acceptance. Factors associated with these positive attitudes included receiving computer training in telemedicine (AOR 4.47, 95% CI: 1.94–10.26), possessing advanced digital literacy (AOR 4.08, 95% CI: 1.30–12.81), comprehensive knowledge of telemedicine technology (AOR 3.28, 95% CI: 1.73–6.23), access to reliable internet (AOR 3.04, 95% CI: 1.67–5.53), and availability of electronic devices in healthcare settings (AOR 2.59, 95% CI: 1.73–3.87).

Conclusion and recommendations

This meta-analysis reveals that 53.42% of Ethiopian health professionals hold positive attitudes towards telemedicine, influenced by specialized training, digital literacy, and resource access. To enhance adoption, initiatives should focus on targeted training, reliable internet connectivity, availability of devices in healthcare settings, and promoting broader awareness about telemedicine benefits and applications among healthcare professionals.
Prognostic significance of YKL-40 expression in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors
Authors: Kuo Chien-Chun , Huang Wei-Hsiang , Yang Su-Ya , Chang Yen-Chen , Chang Hui-Wen , Jeng Chian-Ren , Lee Jih-Jong , Liao Albert Taiching
Published: November 2024

Background

YKL-40, a secretory glycoprotein, is involved in tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis in human cancers. Its overexpression has been correlated with unfavorable prognosis in many human cancers. In veterinary medicine, elevated YKL-40 levels in the serum of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (cMCTs) were observed in our previous study. However, the expression pattern of YKL-40 in canine cMCT tissues, along with its association with clinical and pathological features, is still unknown. This study aims to retrospectively investigate the expression level of YKL-40 in the tissues of canine cMCTs and its correlation with clinical features, pathological characteristics, and clinical outcomes. Forty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cMCT tissues collected from forty dogs were diagnosed as low-grade (n = 20) or high-grade s(n = 20) MCT according to the Kiupel grading system. The expression level of YKL-40 in cMCT tissues was investigated using immunohistochemical staining and immunoreactivity score (IRS).

Results

YKL-40 was expressed in all cMCTs at different levels, with significantly stronger expression in low-grade cMCTs compared to high-grade cMCTs. The expression level was also associated with tumor diameter, histological grade, mitotic counts, vessel density, and survival of cMCTs. The overall survival of cMCT dogs showed significant differences (p < 0.01) among mild (n = 15, MST 219 days), moderate (n = 19, MST not reached), and high (n = 6, MST not reached) YKL-40 expression groups. Among low-grade cMCTs, overall survival was significantly different between mild YKL-40 expression (MST 319 days) and moderate to high YKL-40 (MST not reached) expression (p < 0.01). In high-grade cMCTs, overall survival was not correlated with YKL-40 expression (p = 0.6589).

Conclusions

This study found that the YKL-40 expression level was significantly stronger in low-grade than in high-grade canine cutaneous mast cell tumors and was associated with various clinical and pathological features. Stronger YKL-40 expression level correlated with longer survival time, especially in low-grade cMCTs. Therefore, YKL-40 could serve as a prognostic marker for cMCTs.
Sex differences in MAGEL2 gene promoter methylation in high functioning autism - trends from a pilot study using nanopore Cas9 targeted long read sequencing
Authors: Wieting Jelte , Jahn Kirsten , Bleich Stefan , Deest Maximilian , Frieling Helge
Published: November 2024

Background

MAGEL2 is an autism susceptibility gene whose deficiency has been associated with autism-related behaviors in animal models and in syndromic human autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) such as Schaaf-Yang syndrome, but has not been studied in the broader autism spectrum. Given the capabilities of long-read sequencing technologies, this pilot study used a targeted nanopore sequencing approach to simultaneously examine MAGEL2 DNA sequence and methylation in adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) compared to neurotypical controls (NC).

Methods

Using DNA extracted from peripheral blood, Cas9-targeted nanopore DNA sequencing was used to analyze MAGEL2, including its entire regulatory construct (chr15:23639316–23651466), for sequence variation and 5-methyl-cytosine (5mC) modification in a cohort of adults with HFA compared to sex- and age-matched NC. Given the known sex differences in ASD and MAGEL2 KO animal models, results were further analyzed by sex.

Results

20 adults with HFA (10 males, 10 females) and 20 NC were included. While there were no overall differences in MAGEL2 DNA sequence and 5mC modification between HFA and NC, we found a significant difference in MAGEL2 gene promoter methylation between males and females with HFA and NC of both sexes, with HFA males tending to show hypomethylation in a 300 bp long differentially methylated region (chr15:23647640–23647939) around the MAGEL2 transcription start site.

Conclusions

In this pilot study utilizing nanopore Cas9 targeted DNA sequencing, significant sex-specific differences in MAGEL2 gene promoter methylation were identified in male adults with HFA in comparison to control groups, suggesting the potential for sex-specific epigenetic differences. However, further replication in larger cohorts is required to validate these findings.
The risk of thyroid cancer in relation to residential proximity to nuclear power plants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cottagiri Susanna Abraham , King Will , Rodriguez-Villamizar Laura , Villeneuve Paul J.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Ionizing radiation is a human carcinogen, and there is a public concern but limited evidence that it increases the incidence of cancer among those who live near nuclear power plants (NPPs). Previous analyses of thyroid cancer in these populations have been inconsistent, and the last synthesis was published nearly a decade ago. To address these gaps, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

A search strategy was developed and applied to PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. A total of 2006 publications were identified, with 11 studies of thyroid cancer incidence that met the inclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) tool. Summary risk estimates relating residential proximity to the NPPs and thyroid cancer were generated using a random effects model. Heterogeneity in the risk estimates was assessed for study features that included: distance to the NPP, study quality, and biological sex.

Results

The 11 studies were categorized as either highly (n = 8) or plausibly (n = 3) prone to bias, primarily due to the reliance on ecological study designs. The meta-analysis summary relative risk of thyroid cancer among those who live close to NPPs (defined by ≤ 25 km distance or jurisdictional areas (e.g., community, county) relative to those who lived further away was 1.09 (95% CI: 0.93–1.29). The risk estimates were higher for studies that modelled more proximal residential distances (≤ 5 km) to NPPs than larger distances (≤ 25 km and jurisdictional areas). We found that the summary risk (RR=1.29, 95% CI: 0.77-2.16) was stronger among those studies less prone to bias. A non-significant increased risk was found among both men and women, but there was no evidence of sex differences in risk.

Conclusion

Overall, the findings suggest that living near a nuclear power plant increases the risk of thyroid cancer. The small number of studies on this topic, and the finding of higher risks in studies less prone to bias highlights the need for better-designed studies.
Impact of daily fasting duration on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors during a time-restricted eating protocol: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sampieri A. , Paoli A. , Spinello G. , Santinello E. , Moro T.
Published: November 2024

Background

Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a dietary regimen that limits food intake for at least 12 h daily. Unlike other fasting protocols, TRE does not dictate what or how much to eat but rather focuses on the timing of meals. This approach has been previously demonstrated to improve body composition in individuals with obesity or metabolic impairments. However, its impact on body composition and cardiometabolic factors in healthy individuals remains unclear. Furthermore, the optimal fasting duration is still debated. Thus, we aimed to compare the effects of 8 weeks of different fasting durations on body composition and biochemical parameters in metabolically healthy, non-trained individuals using a parallel randomized controlled trial.

Methods

Forty-one volunteers were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental groups: TRE 16:8 (16 h of fasting,8 h of eating), TRE 14:10 (14 h of fasting,10 h of eating), TRE 12:12 (12 h of fasting,12 h of eating) or a normal diet group (ND; no dietary restriction). Participants underwent body composition measurements and blood tests for lipid profiles (i.e., total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides), fasting glucose, leptin, and anabolic hormones (i.e., insulin and testosterone) levels. Data were analyzed using both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analysis to account for compliance. A two-way ANOVA for repeated measures was employed to assess interactions between time and group.

Results

In the ITT analysis, TRE 16:8 reduced body mass (-2.46%, p = 0.003) and absolute fat mass (-8.65%, p = 0.001) with no changes in lean soft tissue and in calorie intake. These results were consistent with the PP analysis which included 8 participants in TRE 16:8, 5 in TRE 14:10, 9 in TRE 12:12, and the entire ND group. Participants in the TRE 16:8 group spontaneously reduced their total caloric intake, although this reduction was not statistically significant. None of the other measurements significantly changed after 8 weeks.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that a 16-hour fasting window, even without caloric restriction, may be a viable strategy for improving body composition in healthy and non-trained individuals, whereas a shorter fasting period may be insufficient to produce significant changes in a healthy population.

Trial registration

NCT, NCT04503005. Registered 4 August 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04503005.
Impact of perinatal factors on T cells and transcriptomic changes in preterm infant brain injury
Authors: Zhang Xiaoli , Yang Yu , Xu Yiran , Chen Liuji , Niu Ming , Zhu Jinjin , Zhang Shan , Wu Yanan , Li Bingbing , Zhang Lingling , Song Juan , Xu Falin , Bi Dan , Zhao Xin , Zhu Changlian , Wang Xiaoyang
Published: November 2024

Background

T cells have been implicated in various neurological conditions, yet their role in neonatal brain injuries remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of perinatal factors on frequencies of T cell subsets in preterm infants and to explore the differences in blood genome expression profiles between preterm infants with and without brain injury.

Materials and methods

Three cohorts of preterm infants were used. Blood samples were collected soon after birth for the first cohort and late timepoint for the second and third cohorts. In the first cohort (88 infants), flow cytometry measured the proportions of αβT and γδT cell subsets in peripheral blood, analyzing associations with gestational age, birth weight, sex, delivery type, and maternal conditions. The second cohort focused on the relationship between T cell subsets and brain injury. In the third cohort, transcriptome sequencing identified differentially expressed genes and pathways in infants with brain injury, highlighting immune-related changes.

Results

Infants born at 29–30 weeks or with a birth weight of 1000–1500 g had significantly higher proportions of Vδ2+ T cells compared to those born at 30–32 weeks or with a birth weight > 1500 g, while no significant difference was found between infants born at < 29 weeks or with a birth weight < 1000 g. A negative correlation was observed between gestational age and Vδ2+ T cell frequency. No significant associations were found between Vδ2+ T cell proportions and perinatal factors other than gestational age or brain injury. Blood transcriptome analysis revealed 173 differentially expressed genes, characterized by downregulated interferon signaling and upregulated antimicrobial and neutrophil pathways in infants with brain injury.

Conclusions

Gestational age and birth weight influence Vδ2+ T cell proportions in preterm infants, likely reflecting immune maturation. While no direct link to brain injury was found, altered immune pathways suggest potential biomarkers for prognosis, warranting further research into their roles and therapeutic implications in neonatal brain injuries.
Navigating health policies and programs in India: exploring opportunities to improve rare disease management and orphan drug research
Authors: Mishra Sangita , Bhat Deepa , Venkatesh M. P.
Published: November 2024

Background

Rare disease (RD) management and orphan drug development in India face various hurdles regarding the implementation and adoption of comprehensive policies, lack of dedicated regulatory frameworks, and absence of epidemiological data. Current rare disease policy focuses more on strengthening the diagnostics and lacks a proper comprehensive treatment framework to ensure favorable clinical outcomes. Indian patients are largely excluded from global orphan drug clinical trials. This further alienates patients from access to rare disease treatment and available treatments come at high cost. This review-based study assesses the landscape of health policies and programs in India through a review of literature and guidelines, to identify strategic opportunities and recommendations for enhancing the overall care and support for the Rare Disease (RD) patient population and improving the orphan drug research ecosystem in India.

Discussion

The absence of specific regulations, shortage of healthcare resources, budget constraints, competing health priorities, lack of patient data, and insufficient research incentives discourage orphan drug development and global clinical trial inclusion, resulting in treatment inaccessibility and high costs. The Indian Government introduced the National Policy for Treatment of Rare Diseases (NPRD) to address these challenges. Several initiatives have been introduced to attract stakeholders with government-funded research, grants, incentives, and accelerated regulatory approvals of novel therapies that can ensure timely prevention and treatment of rare diseases. The National RD Registry by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) aims to provide prevalence data. Innovative approaches are required to improve rare disease management and promote orphan drug research. This will ensure the accessibility and affordability of life-saving therapeutics for India’s rare disease patients.

Conclusion

An integrated RD management and orphan drug research framework focusing on robust data management, patient-oriented policies to improve the treatment landscape, flexible regulations, strengthening rare disease registry with clinical and diagnostic data, and a favorable research ecosystem to promote indigenous research catering to the Indian population, will improve the treatment landscape and orphan drug research and development in India. This will ensure timely availability of therapeutics at affordable prices.
Soft X-ray tomography analysis of mitochondria dynamics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Huang Wei-Ling , Chen Chang-Lin , Lin Zi-Jing , Hsieh Chia-Chun , Hua Mo Da-Sang , Cheng Chih-Chan , Cheng Tzu-Hao , Lai Lee-Jene , Chang Chuang-Rung
Published: November 2024

Background

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that constantly undergo processes of fission and fusion. The changes in mitochondrial dynamics shape the organellar morphology and influence cellular activity regulation. Soft X-ray tomography (SXT) allows for three-dimensional imaging of cellular structures while they remain in their natural, hydrated state, which omits the need for cell fixation and sectioning. Synchrotron facilities globally primarily use flat grids as sample carriers for SXT analysis, focusing on adherent cells. To investigate mitochondrial morphology and structure in hydrated yeast cells using SXT, it is necessary to establish a method that employs the flat grid system for examining cells in suspension.

Results

We developed a procedure to adhere suspended yeast cells to a flat grid for SXT analysis. Using this protocol, we obtained images of wild-type yeast cells, strains with mitochondrial dynamics defects, and mutant cells possessing distinctive mitochondria. The SXT images align well with the results from fluorescent microscopy. Optimized organellar visualization was achieved by constructing three-dimensional models of entire yeast cells.

Conclusions

In this study, we characterized the mitochondrial network in yeast cells using SXT. The optimized sample preparation procedure was effective for suspended cells like yeast, utilizing a flat grid system to analyze mitochondrial structure through SXT. The findings corresponded with the mitochondrial morphology observed under fluorescence microscopy, both in regular and disrupted dynamic equilibrium. With the acquired image of unique mitochondria in Δhap2 cells, our results revealed that intricate details of organelles, such as mitochondria and vacuoles in yeast cells, can be characterized using SXT. Therefore, this optimized system supports the expanded application of SXT for studying organellar structure and morphology in suspended cells.
Rodent group borreliae do occur in wild rodents from the Caribbean region of Colombia
Authors: López Yesica , Galeano Ketty , Faccini-Martínez Álvaro A. , Muñoz-Leal Sebastián , Lopez-Mejia Yeimi , Muñoz Marina , Ramírez Juan D. , Guzman Camilo , Calderon Alfonso , Mattar Salim
Published: November 2024

Background

Bacteria of the genus Borrelia are agents of disease in both domestic animals and humans and pose a significant public health risk. Borrelia species have complex transmission cycles, often using rodents as vertebrate reservoir hosts. These bacteria are classified into three well-defined monophyletic groups: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) complex, the relapsing fever (RF) group, and a third group associated with reptiles and echidnas. Moreover, a new group of Borrelia associated with rodents has recently been proposed, as these bacteria form a phylogenetic group separated from the previously mentioned groups. This study aimed to investigate the presence of DNA of Borrelia spirochetes in rodents in specific areas of the Colombian Caribbean.

Methods

A total of 155 rodent spleen samples were selected from the tissue bank. These samples were obtained in the departments of La Guajira and Córdoba (Northern Colombia). DNA extraction and specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting Borrelia 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene were performed, followed by nested PCR (nPCR) on positive samples to obtain larger fragments of the 16S rRNA gene and characterize the flaB gene. Alignments of generated sequences and ortholog sequences downloaded from Genbank were performed in Clustal Omega. A phylogenetic tree was built with the maximum likelihood method in IQTREE.

Results

Spleen samples from rodents of the genera Heteromys, Mus, Necromys, Olygoryzomys, Proechymis, Rattus, Sigmodon, and Zygodontomys were processed. Overall, 6.5% (4/162) of the animals tested positive for Borrelia by real-time PCR. All quantitative PCR (qPCR)-positive samples were also positive for nPCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene, yielding fragments of 344–408 bp and 603–673 bp from two Sigmodon rodents and two Zygodontomys rodents from La Guajira and Córdoba. All samples were negative for the flaB gene. Only samples from Zygodontomys rodents presented good quality sequences. A BLASTn analysis showed a percentage of identity ranging between 98.16 and 96.06% with Borrelia sp. R57. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that sequences of the present study clustered with species of the recently proposed Borrelia “rodent group.”

Conclusions

This is the first detection of borreliae of the “rodent group” in South America. Our results reaffirm the occurrence of a group of spirochetes associated with rodents, extending its geographic distribution to the Colombian Caribbean.

Graphical abstract