bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulations in Self-Organization Properties of Surfactant in Aqueous Ionic Liquid Media
Authors: Kumar Harsh , Katal Arjuna , Rawat Naval Kishor
Published: May 2020

Ionic liquids (ILs) give a wide scope of favorable applications due to their much-upgraded properties. The strong electrostatic interactions between the cationic moiety of IL and the anionic surfactant play a very important role in the assembly of the large aggregates. We have investigated the aggregation behavior of anionic surfactants and IL in aqueous solution. Different temperatures and concentrations of IL have been taken to study the effect on critical micelles concentrations of surfactant. The critical micelle concentration values obtained by conductivity measurements are further confirmed by the fluorescence studies. The method is based on the fit of the experimental obtained raw data of fluorescence spectroscopy to a simple nonlinear category of a Boltzmann type sigmoidal function. Thermodynamical parameters of micellization

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have been considered to study the effect of aqueous IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide concentration and temperature on aggregation behavior of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate. FT-IR spectra have been studies to verify the structural changes arise in the aqueous IL and surfactant system.
Two Arguments for Emotivism and a Methodological Moral
Authors: Pigden Charles
Published: May 2020

In 1913 Russell gave up on the Moorean good. But since naturalism was not an option, that left two alternatives: the error theory and non-cognitivism. Despite a brief flirtation with the error theory Russell preferred the non-cognitivist option, developing a form of emotivism according to which to say that something is good is to express the desire that everyone should desire it. But why emotivism rather than the error theory? Because emotivism sorts better with Russell’s Fundamental Principle that the “sentences we can understand must be composed of words with whose meaning we are acquainted.” I construct an argument for emotivism featuring the Fundamental Principle that closely parallels Ayer’s verificationist argument in Language, Truth, and Logic. I contend that Russell’s argument, like Ayer’s, is vulnerable to a Moorean critique. This suggests an important moral: revisionist theories of meaning such as verificationism and the Fundamental Principle are prima facie false. Any modus ponens from such a principle to a surprising semantic conclusion (such as emotivism) is trumped by a Moorean modus tollens from the negation of the surprising semantics to the negation of the revisionist principle.
ENDOCRINOLOGY IN THE TIME OF COVID-19: Diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Thangaratinam Shakila , Cooray Shamil D , Sukumar Nithya , Huda Mohammed S B , Devlieger Roland , Benhalima Katrien , McAuliffe Fionnuala , Saravanan Ponnusamy , Teede Helena J
Published: May 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has required rapid transformation and adaptation of healthcare services. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are one of the largest high-risk groups accessing antenatal care. In reformulating the care offered to those with GDM, there is a need to balance the sometimes competing requirement of lowering the risk of direct viral transmission against the potential adverse impact of service changes. We suggest pragmatic options for screening of GDM in a pandemic setting based on blood tests, and risk calculators applied to underlying risk factors. Alternative models for antenatal care provision for women with GDM, including targeting high-risk groups, early lifestyle interventions and remote monitoring are provided. Testing options and their timing for postpartum screening in women who had GDM are also considered. Our suggestions are only applicable in a pandemic scenario, and usual guidelines and care pathways should be re-implemented as soon as possible and appropriate.
Österreichische Gerichtsentscheidungen zur Ad-hoc-Publizität als zusätzliche Orientierungshilfe für den deutschen Kapitalmarkt
Authors: Rathammer Matthias , Sam Markus
Published: May 2020

Unternehmen, die an einer europäischen Börse gelistet sind, müssen Insiderinformationen, die sie unmittelbar betreffen, unverzüglich veröffentlichen. Solche Veröffentlichungen werden auch als Ad-hoc-Meldungen bezeichnet. Die Ad-hoc-Publizität spielt in der Rechtspraxis eine große Rolle und ist von wesentlicher Bedeutung, um Insidergeschäften und der Irreführung von Anlegern vorzubeugen Die Einschätzung, ob Sachverhalte im unternehmerischen Alltag als Insiderinformation einzustufen sind sowie in weiterer Folge die Frage nach dem richtigen Zeitpunkt für deren Veröffentlichung, stellt für Emittenten oftmals eine Herausforderung dar.

Diesen Schwierigkeiten für Emittenten bei der Beurteilung von Sachverhalten im täglichen Arbeitsablauf begegneten die Autoren in den letzten Jahren verstärkt. Speziell vor dem Hintergrund der weitreichenden gesetzlichen Verpflichtungen sowie des deutlich erhöhten Strafrahmens von bis zu 2,5 Mio. € oder 2 % des jährlichen Gesamtumsatzes des Unternehmens für juristische Personen und 1 Mio. € für natürliche Personen seit in Kraft treten der Marktmissbrauchsverordnung (MAR) im Jahr 2016 soll dieser Artikel eine Hilfestellung zur Einschätzung derartiger Sachverhalte geben. Dazu bietet der Beitrag einen komprimierten Blick auf Entscheidungen österreichischer Gerichte, die sich mit der Ad-hoc-Publizitätspflicht befasst haben. Die gerichtlichen Erkenntnisse werden zusammengefasst dargestellt und praxisorientierte Kernaussagen für den Umgang mit Insiderinformationen bei börsennotierten Unternehmen (Emittenten) herausgearbeitet.
СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛІННЯ ДЕРЖАВНИМИ ФІНАНСАМИ УКРАЇНИ: ПРОБЛЕМИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ
Authors: ЄФИМЕНКО Тетяна
Published: May 2020

Протидія загрозам безпеці національного економічного простору має супроводжуватися захистом фінансового суверенітету з боку владних структур. Безумовне здійснення середньострокових цілей зниження темпів приросту сукупної заборгованості країни у перспективі, вдосконалення урядових регуляторних механізмів розподілу обмежених ресурсів, підвищення якості надання конституційно гарантованих публічних послуг, підтримки інвестицій у реальний сектор економіки має бути ключовим орієнтиром для системи управління державними фінансами (СУДФ).Проаналізовано інституційні, макроекономічні, політичні, організаційні, інформаційні ризики, що можуть перешкоджати успішному вжиттю заходів, спрямованих на забезпечення послідовності та передбачуваності бюджетно-податкової політики, на запобігання дефолтним ситуаціям тощо.Результати практичної реалізації ухвалених у минулому році програмних документів, які регламентують Стратегію реформування СУДФ на 2017–2020 роки (далі – Стратегія) і План дій з її впровадження, свідчать, що недостатність скоординованого волевиявлення, а також консенсусу з приводу єдиного курсу змін у суспільстві негативно впливає на якість управління фіскальними ризиками та інвестиційними процесами, на ступінь синхронності в бюджетно-податковому регулюванні з іншими підоймами впливу держави на успішність управління змінами.Наголошено, що на високий ступінь залежності від міжнародної фінансової допомоги з метою посилення рівноважного стану економіки, на необхідність більш інтенсивного розвитку національного господарства, продовження структурних реформ вказано в оприлюдненому звіті Єврокомісії у зв’язку з черговою річницею укладання та імплементації Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС (Association Agreement – AA).Запропоновано шляхи нейтралізації руйнівних наслідків від будь-яких зовнішніх або внутрішніх трансформацій у соціально-економічній системі за допомогою рівноважних процесів суспільного відтворення, інтенсифікації капіталовкладень, сприяння розвиткові підприємництва, обмеження тіньової діяльності, забезпечення прозорості операцій з державними фінансовими активами, синергетичного ефекту управлінської взаємодії Уряду і НБУ.
ФІСКАЛЬНІ ПРАВИЛА ТА КОРИГУВАННЯ БЮДЖЕТНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ
Authors: КУДРЯШОВ Василь
Published: May 2020

Висвітлено питання використання фіскальних правил у проведенні бюджетної політики (одного з інноваційних механізмів, спрямованих на обмеження фіскальних дисбалансів та посилення позитивних впливів на економічний і соціальний розвиток). Проведено аналіз підходів до визначення змісту фіскальних правил. Запропоновано його трактування, що відображає не тільки їх обмежувальні, але й коригуючі функції. Розглянуто рекомендації МВФ з питань застосування фіскальних правил, наднаціонального регулювання бюджетної політики в рамках інтеграційних об’єднань, їх позитивний та негативний вплив на розвиток держав-членів. Зазначено, що фіскальні правила мають бути досить виваженими і гнучкими для їх використання в державному управлінні. З метою підвищення результативності фіскальних правил протягом останніх років в ЄС було внесено істотні зміни щодо їх складу. Виявлено основні завдання застосування фіскальних правил, а також їх значення в підвищенні бюджетної відповідальності уряду, зокрема, у забезпеченні бюджетної дисципліни, а також ефективності витрачання коштів. Розкрито механізми коригування бюджетної політики, які запроваджуються в рамках фіскальних правил. Особливу увагу приділено заходам продовження фіскальної консолідації, а також підтримання економічного зростання та фінансової стабільності. Зроблено висновки, що посилення жорсткості фіскальних правил на наднаціональному рівні в ЄС перешкоджало гнучкості в управлінні бюджетними ресурсами, отже, вони вимагають реформування. З використанням фіскальних правил актуалізувалися питання внесення змін до інституційної структури управління державними фінансами та поглиблення прозорості бюджетних операцій.Зазначено, що зміни до застосування фіскальних правил є досить важливими для України. Ті правила, які використовуються в нашій державі, є недостатніми і повною мірою не вирішують покладені на них завдання. Вони потребують розширення і вдосконалення, а також запровадження дійових механізмів імплементації. Для підвищення результативності фіскальної політики в Україні слід ураховувати досвід зарубіжних країн, а також розробляти і запроваджувати більш детальні та гнучкі фіскальні правила.
ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВИДАТКІВ З ДЕРЖАВНОГО БЮДЖЕТУ НА ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИЙ СЕКТОР УКРАЇНИ
Authors: ЖИБЕР Тетяна
Published: May 2020

Енергетичний сектор України побудовано згідно з потребами колишнього СРСР. Весь період незалежності пострадянські зв’язки та технології вимагали значних витрат публічних коштів на потреби ПЕК. Метою статті є визначення суми затрат публічних коштів на діяльність енергетичного сектору України. Завдання – окреслити перспективи подальшого навантаження на публічні видатки. Показано динаміку прямих видатків та кредитів з державного бюджету на енергетичний сектор, виконано їх порівняння в цілому та за окремими сферами. Спосіб розрахунку полягав у авторському групуванні та додаванні фактичних бюджетних видатків або кредитів разом за загальним і спеціальним фондами бюджету згідно із бюджетними програмами протягом 2002–2017 рр.Видатки на ПЕК за функціональною класифікацією порівнювалися з авторськими розрахунками видатків за бюджетними програмами. Виявлені розбіжності пояснюються виконанням протягом усього аналізованого періоду затверджених бюджетних програм різними відповідальними виконавцями, нівелюванням наслідків діяльності суб’єктів енергосектору в економічній сфері, переміщенням сум між видатками і кредитуванням тощо.За досліджуваний період кількість тематичних бюджетних програм зменшилася вчетверо. Аналіз показує перспективи подальшого здійснення значних прямих видатків на вугільну галузь для підтримання закритих гірничих виробок, утримання служби рятування та попередження катастроф, дотування підприємств для компенсації собівартості вугілля.Спосіб фінансового забезпечення ремонтів і модернізації енергомереж через бюджетні кредити означає перспективи збільшення майбутнього боргового навантаження на бюджет через необхідність повертати кредити у валюті. У цілому енергетичний сектор отримує також опосередковані дотації з державного бюджету через субсидії населенню і пряме фінансування. Скорочення кількості бюджетних програм шляхом їх укрупнення звужує можливості для аналізу державної політики у сфері фінансової підтримки енергетичного сектору в Україні.
Atitudes políticas e mundos semânticos: um estudo qualitativo sobre a racionalidade aquém das ideologias políticas
Authors: Rocha Emerson Ferreira
Published: May 2020

Este artigo traz um estudo empírico qualitativo sobre as percepções e as atitudes políticas de brasileiros de sete regiões metropolitanas brasileiras. Utilizando dados de 323 entrevistas semiestruturadas, identifica quatro padrões discursivos relacionados a atitudes e a racionalidades políticas distintas. Investiga também a associação desses padrões discursivos com a escolaridade e o grupo ocupacional dos entrevistados. A técnica utilizada para identificar esses padrões é a análise de conteúdo assistida por análise estatística de texto. Os resultados substantivos apontam para as limitações do conceito de ideologia para explicar as atitudes políticas e sugerem agendas de pesquisa para a melhor compreensão sobre como essas atitudes se organizam e sobre o seu papel no funcionamento do sistema político.
Cuestionando la blanquedad de la nación: configuraciones identitarias afrodescendientes y “cultura afro” en Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Authors: Lamborghini Eva , Martino María Cecilia
Published: May 2020

En las últimas décadas, la sociedad argentina experimenta un progresivo cuestionamiento de su pretendida “blanquedad”. Desde mediados de la década de 1990, se gestó un movimiento social afrodescendiente conformado por organizaciones que luchan por su revisibilización, contra el racismo y la exclusión. Asimismo, la llegada de migrantes afrodescendientes dedicados a enseñar artes afrolatinoamericanas, fue articulándose con este movimiento político y creciendo como campo cultural a medida que aprendices y practicantes argentinos devinieron, también, docentes y referentes. Fruto de nuestros respectivos trabajos etnográficos en la ciudad de Buenos Aires, en este artículo problematizaremos algunas de las des/articulaciones que se suscitan entre la configuración de identidades y memorias afrodescendientes y la práctica y resignificaciones de expresiones culturales afro. Analizaremos estas vinculaciones, en primer lugar, en el caso de jóvenes que se autoidentifican afrodescendientes en un marco mayor de visibilización y reivindicación de la temática y, en segundo lugar, en actores sociales que practican cultura afro más allá de estas pertenencias étnico-raciales. Aspiramos a contribuir a la comprensión de las complejas relaciones entre racializaciones, etnicizaciones, expresividad cultural y política en el contexto local.***Questionando a branquitude da nação: configurações de identidades africanas e “cultura afro” em Buenos Aires (Argentina)***Nas últimas décadas, a sociedade argentina experimentou um questionamento progressivo de sua suposta “branquitude”. Desde meados da década de 1990 foi criado um movimento social afrodescendente, formado por organizações que lutam por sua revisibilização, contra o racismo e a exclusão. Além disso, a chegada de migrantes afro-descendentes, dedicados ao ensino das artes afro latino-americanas, articulou-se com esse movimento político e cresceu como campo cultural, à medida que os aprendizes e praticantes argentinos tornaram-se, também, professores e referentes. Fruto de nossos respectivos trabalhos etnográficos, neste artigo tentaremos problematizar algumas das articulações que surgem entre as configurações de identidades e memórias afrodescendentes, a própria prática e as ressignificações das expressões afro-culturais. Analisaremos esses vínculos, em primeiro lugar, no caso de jovens que se identificam como afrodescendentes em um contexto mais amplo de visibilidade e reivindicações sociais em relação ao tema, e, em segundo lugar, entre atores sociais que praticam a cultura afro além de seus pertencimentos étnico-raciais. Desta forma procuramos contribuir para a compreensão das complexas relações entre racializações, etnicizações, a expressividade cultural e política no contexto local.Palavras-chave: Identificações afro-descendentes. Culturas negras/afro. Ressignificações. Buenos Aires/Argentina.
Fronteira Tapajós e direitos das crianças: impactos sociais de grandes empreendimentos econômicos
Authors: Oliveira Assis Da Costa
Published: May 2020

No presente artigo objetiva-se compreender como a implantação de grandes empreendimentos econômicos na região do Tapajós, especialmente na cidade de Itaituba, Pará, têm afetado os direitos de crianças e adolescentes, especialmente os impactos relacionados à violência sexual, convivência familiar e comunitária, e participação. Utiliza-se dos métodos de pesquisa documental, bibliográfica, entrevistas e grupo focal para realizar um diagnóstico da dinâmica de produção destas violações de direitos e suas relações com as atividades econômicas, assim como a proposição de medidas de responsabilização de estado e empresas.
Desenvolvimento regional e aceitabilidade social de grandes projetos de infraestrutura: o caso da Câmara Técnica de saúde do PDRS do Xingu
Authors: Grisotti Márcia , Felipe Marina Reche , Ramos André Marconato
Published: May 2020

O artigo analisa o processo de aceitabilidade social da Usina Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte e as disputas em torno da responsabilização pelos impactos à saúde através da análise da Câmara Técnica de Saúde do Plano de Desenvolvimento Regional Sustentável do Xingu. A análise sobre a gestão desse Plano evidenciou como as relações imprecisas e conflituosas entre os setores públicos e privados afetaram as atribuições de responsabilidades em relação aos impactos socioambientais. Constatamos que as assimetrias de poder entre os grupos sociais e entre as agências de governo, as relações público-privadas, as fragilidades do pacto federativo brasileiro e a tendência para a sobreposição de esforços em participação social, sem articulação com os mecanismos de participação e controle sociais já existentes, tendem a elucidar os motivos da baixa eficácia do Plano para garantir a sustentabilidade regional do território impactado por Belo Monte.
Impactos da Usina Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte: uma análise da visão das populações ribeirinhas das reservas extrativistas da Terra do Meio
Authors: Fainguelernt Maíra Borges
Published: May 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a área de influência dos impactos da Usina Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte, em operação desde 2016 no rio Xingu, estado do Pará. A presente discussão parte da análise da visão das populações ribeirinhas das Reservas Extrativistas da Terra do Meio dos impactos da usina para problematizar a categoria espacial que se relaciona, em particular, à exclusão dessas unidades de conservação como territórios atingidos. Utilizando métodos qualitativos que envolvem trabalhos de campo, observação participante, etnografia e entrevistas semiestruturadas, este artigo pretende destacar as contradições que envolvem o não reconhecimento das populações ribeirinhas no contexto de impactos da usina hidrelétrica de Belo Monte.
Os novos desafios do desenvolvimento na região amazônica
Authors: Grisotti Márcia , Moran Emilio Federico
Published: May 2020

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Intervención de caminata para empleados sedentarios: efecto sobre la autorregulación y la auto eficacia
Authors: Rodriguez-Hernandez Mynor G. , Wadsworth Danielle
Published: May 2020

Se diseñó una intervención de caminata de 10 semanas para examinar cómo la actividad física afecta la autorregulación y la autoeficacia en empleados sedentarios. La intervención fue realizada por 68 participantes asignados a tres grupos al azar: caminata intermitente, caminata continua o control. La autorregulación, la autoeficacia y la actividad física se midieron al inicio, a la semana 6 y la semana 11. La actividad de caminata aumentó significativamente (p<.05) con el grupo de caminata continua desde el inicio a la semana 6 (p=.033), el porcentaje de cambio fue mayor en comparación con el grupo control desde el inicio a la semana 11 (p=0,042). Se observaron mejoras significativas en la autorregulación con el grupo de caminata continua desde el inicio a la semana 6 y a la semana 11 (p<0.05). Sin embargo, la autoeficacia disminuyó desde el inicio a la semana 6 (p=.047) y a la semana 11 (p=.008) para todos los grupos. Los empleados sedentarios tendrían más ventajas si se les prescribe un programa de caminata continua, ya que puede mejorar las habilidades de autorregulación. La actividad de caminata intermitente también puede ser un enfoque factible para reducir el comportamiento sedentario, sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para evaluar si los empleados sedentarios pueden o no cumplir con las recomendaciones diarias de actividad física. También es importante revisar en futuras investigaciones el vínculo entre la actividad física y la autoeficacia.
Distribution extension and a new state record for Amphisbaena mertensi Strauch, 1881 (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) in central Brazil
Authors: Peña Corrêa Bruno Alessandro Augusto , Meneses Afonso Afonso Santiago de Oliveira
Published: May 2020

We updated the distribution of Amphisbaena mertensi to northeastern central Brazil based on the finding of a specimen in an urban area in the Cerrado. This species had already been recorded in south-central Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. Our new record is 300 km away from the nearest point, Araguari, in the north of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We included a distribution map for the species in South America, and a list of the amphisbaenas species found in Distrito Federal and discuss the conservation of this group.
Zeroing in on the Expected Returns of Anomalies
Authors: Chen Andrew Y. , Velikov Mihail
Published: May 2020

We zero in on the expected returns of long-short portfolios based on 120 stock market anomalies by accounting for (1) effective bid-ask spreads, (2) post-publication effects, and (3) the modern era of trading technology that began in the early 2000s. Net of these effects, the average anomaly&#x27;s expected return is a measly 8 bps per month. The strongest anomalies return only 10-20 bps after accounting for data-mining with either out-of-sample tests or empirical Bayesian methods. Expected returns are negligible despite cost optimizations that produce impressive net returns in-sample and the omission of additional trading costs like price impact.
Dynamic Seating in Learners with Down's Syndrome in South Africa
Authors: Reyneke Lise Kathleen , Hoosain Munira
Published: May 2020

INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to investigate whether the classroom behaviour and task performance of learners with Down syndrome improved with the use of a stability ball as a classroom chair METHOD: A single-subject withdrawal design was utilised. There were three participants, aged ten to twelve, with Down syndrome in a special education classroom. Five phases of three weeks each were implemented alternately. Two phases incorporated usual classroom chairs and the other three phases made use of stability balls as chairs. Momentary time sampling was used to record learners' classroom behaviours in relation to their in-seat and on-task performance RESULTS: A substantial positive change was found in the learners' on-task performance when seated on stability balls instead of chairs. Results differed across participants; with some demonstrating a definite difference in the usual daily average on-task performance, while others showed steadier patterns of on-task behaviour in comparison with their usual fluctuating levels of attention CONCLUSION: Stability ball seating is a non-invasive intervention strategy that can be effectively utilised in classrooms and occupational therapy clinical settings, to improve on-task behaviour in learners with Down syndrome Key words: Dynamic seating, Down syndrome, attention, in-seat behaviour, on-task behaviour
Informal caregivers for stroke survivors: what does occupational therapy offer?
Authors: Serfontein Lyndall , Van Schalkwyk Mia Elsabie , Visser Marieta
Published: May 2020

Informal caregivers play an important role in the continuum of care for survivors of stroke and the caregivers' own well-being may therefore have a significant impact on the survivor of stroke. Yet, caregiver training and support often do not fulfil the needs of caregivers and the consequences are often described in literature as 'burden of care'. In this article, we encourage occupational therapists to consider caregiving from an occupational perspective and we propose strategies for the enabling informal caregivers to maintain optimal wellbeing and health by means of increased opportunity for balanced occupational participation.Key words: stroke, informal caregivers, burden of care, occupational perspective, occupational therapy
Riesgo de Crédito, Costo del Capital y Apalancamiento Financiero Excesivo
Authors: Gutiérrez Betancur Juan Carlos , Mejía Kambourova David , Gómez Cardeño Laura
Published: May 2020

Convencionalmente, los métodos de valoración de empresas no suelen incorporar explícitamente los efectos que podrían tener los probables costos de quiebra de la firma sobre el costo del capital. Hacer esto introduce una prueba de estrés en la estimación de la tasa de descuento, que puede ser muy relevante para la valoración justa de empresas excesivamente apalancadas transadas en bolsa. En este sentido, el propósito de este artículo consiste en evidenciar la vulnerabilidad financiera resultante para este tipo de firmas al ajustar explícitamente por riesgo de quiebra el costo del capital, y resaltar sus implicaciones para el mercado de deuda bursátil y bancaria, partiendo de un análisis comparativo entre tres métodos alternativos de cálculo del costo promedio de capital: costo promedio ponderado del capital clásico sin riesgo de incumplimiento, costo promedio ponderado del capital con costo de la deuda esperado ajustado internamente por riesgo de incumplimiento y costo promedio ponderado del capital con costo de la deuda ajustado externamente por riesgo de incumplimiento.
A TRANSFOMAÇÃO DA CONSCIÊNCIA DA DIGNIDADE HUMANA A PARTIR DA SEGUNDA GUERRA MUNDIAL
Authors: Oliveira Samyle Regina Matos , Marques Verônica Teixeira , Santos Gilvan Rodrigues dos
Published: May 2020

O objetivo do presente trabalho é demonstrar o quanto os horrores da Segunda Grande Guerra Mundial despertaram a transformação da consciência dos povos sobre a urgente necessidade de estabelecer princípios legais que pudessem, não apenas afastar os perigos iminentes de futuras guerras, mas também e fundamentalmente, proteger as exigências intrínsecas aos valores invioláveis da própria dignidade humana. Fruto de circunstâncias bélicas fratricidas, que tingem de sangue o manto histórico das civilizações, os tempos modernos sinalizam que não deveria mais haver espaços para a barbárie, com graves e danosas consequências para a degradação da dignidade humana. Então, no contexto do pós-guerra, surgiram muitos institutos internacionais com o sublime intuito de proteger os povos coletivamente, mediante as relações internacionais, e os indivíduos singularmente, por meio da convivência social. A Carta das Nações Unidas, de 1945, e a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos, de 1948, ao lado de tantas outras Convenções Internacionais – Convenção de Viena sobre o Direito dos Tratados (CVDT), Convenção Americana sobre Direitos Humanos (Pacto de São José da Costa Rica), entre outros organismos, inclusive de julgamento, como o Tribunal de Nuremberg e o Tribunal de Haia – são protótipos inescusáveis desse esforço coletivo internacional. Mesmo assim, não obstante todo o esforço da Liga das Nações e da própria ONU diante dos desafios para apaziguar os conflitos em alguns países, ainda há uma grande distância da paz mundial tão sonhada e desejada.
A FEMINIZAÇÃO DA VELHICE: UMA ABORDAGEM BIOPSICOSSOCIAL DO FENÔMENO
Authors: Maximiano-Barreto Madson Alan , Andrade Larissa , Campos Lucas Bueno de , Portes Filipe Augusto , Generoso Fernanda Karoline
Published: May 2020

O envelhecimento populacional traz consigo uma série de desafios que exigem a atenção de todos, principalmente do Estado no que tange a implementação de políticas públicas. Diante disso, o presente estudo tem como objetivo levantar a temática da feminização da velhice, um fenômeno resultante da transição demográfica, no qual o número de mulheres com idade maior ou igual à 60 anos se sobressai ao contingente masculino. Trata-se de um ensaio teórico realizado através de levantamento bibliográfico traçando aspectos biopsicossocias que circundam a realidade das idosas. Evidencia-se que diante à feminização da velhice a variável gênero atua como fator determinante, tornando-se necessário estudos que voltem-se para tal realidade e busquem alternativas que possam solucionar desfechos negativos enfrentados pelas mulheres idosas.
CORPO-IMAGEM NO FEMININO: INVESTIGAÇÃO SOBRE MODOS DE DIZER AUDIOVISUAL EM DICÇÃO FEMININA.
Authors: Mendes Junior Walcler de Lima , Monteiro Lorenna Nascimento
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo expõe algumas premissas categóricas e resultados parciais do projeto de mestrado intitulado “A imagem sob a dicção do feminino: uma proposta estética para a representação da mulher na linguagem audiovisual”. A pesquisa propõe problematizar o predomínio de caracteres falocêntricos do modo de dizer hegemônico da linguagem audiovisual, além de apresentar, através das premissas do filme-ensaio, alternativas narrativas que reconduzam esse modo de dizer, no sentido de responder ao desejo visual dos olhos da mulher. Entender o que os olhos da mulher desejam ver como representação imagética de si e de seu desejo de imagem é o que se busca como objetivo Corpo-imagem final dessa investigação.
Molecular epidemiology of Zika virus and Rubella virus in pregnant women attending Sobi Specialist Hospital Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Kolawole Olatunji Matthew , Suleiman Muhammed Mustapha , Bamidele Emmanuel Pelumi
Published: May 2020

Background: Zika virus and rubella virus are viruses of concern to public health owing to their independent ability to cross the placenta causing congenital defects and complications. This study aims to determine the molecular epidemiology of these viruses amongst pregnant women attending Sobi Specialist hospital in Ilorin, Kwara state.Methods: After ethical approval and duly completed informed consent form, blood sample and respondent data were collected for Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay after which the respective IgM positive samples were molecularly analyzed independently.Results: The recorded immune status to the individual viruses were 32 (16.0%) and 14 (7.0%) for zika virus IgM and IgG while rubella virus IgM and IgG had 24 (12.0%) and 118 (59.0%) prevalence respectively. The molecular analysis of the rubella virus yielded a partial sequence of its E1 glycoprotein which was assigned accession number MT153585 after GenBank deposition while zika virus had no detectable molecular result. Further analysis of serostatus revealed coinfection (3.5% and 3.7%) and mono (1.0% and 36.0%) for IgM and IgG respectively and sero-conversion of 17.5%. The unexposed respondent was 38.0%. Amongst the evaluated demographic/risk factors, the viruses were statistically significant (p<0.05) for age, type of marriage, occupation, parity and frequency of contact with people while mosquito prevention strategy and its implementation were also significant for zika virus acquisition.Conclusions: Awareness of respondent to the viruses was very low with 97.0% unaware prior to this study. Vaccination for the vaccine preventable rubella virus should be implemented while adherence to mosquito prevention strategies and discouragement of breeding site should be is encouraged. There is need for the enactment of surveillance route for these viruses to ascertain the extent of the silent burden on the health of the baby in Nigeria.
Hypovitamanosis D and non cardiac chest pain
Authors: Nagabhushana B. V. , Mahesh G. , Subramanyam P. S. S. , Rekha A.
Published: May 2020

Background: Recurrent atypical chest pain not due to cardiac illness is a very common condition in medical outpatient departments. Authors found that people consulting for atypical chest pain often have significant Vitamin D deficiency and correction of Vitamin D deficiency relieved patient symptoms. Hence authors carried out this study.Methods: Persons aged below 50 years were taken up for study. Those attending medical clinics with complaints of chest pain occurring more than two times were taken up for study. Cardiac illness was excluded by clinical examination and investigations. Those found to have low Vitamin D were taken up for study. 60,000 international units Vitamin D was administered orally weekly for 8 weeks. They were followed up twice weekly for three months and once monthly for three months.Results: Results were analyzed and charted. 120 subjects were taken up for study and duration of study was three years. Average age of the study group was 37.50 years and the average Vitamin D level was 15.75 nanogram/ml (ngm/ml). Duration of chest pain ranged from one week to one year. Most of the patients had migratory chest pain.Conclusions: As Vitamin D deficiency is a treatable medical condition it may be prudent to check Vitamin D levels in the patients presenting with recurrent atypical pain in the chest. It reduces the burden on the health care system and relieves the suffering of the patient. It may not be futile to check Vitamin D levels even in the patients with coronary artery disease who are suffering from atypical chest pain.
Modified three port laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus conventional four port technique
Authors: Resutra Ritvik , Gupta Rajive , Gupta Madhu
Published: May 2020

Background: The current  study was undertaken to compare the results of modified three-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy and conventional three or four-port surgery in terms of technical feasibility, safety of the technique, postoperative pain and need of post-operative analgesia, cosmetic satisfaction of the patient and cost effectiveness and were found to be better with the modified technique.Methods: In modified three port laparoscopic cholecystectomy technique, first 10 mm umbilical, second 5 mm epigastric and third 5 mm subcostal ports are made, i.e., "10-5-5" instead of "10-10-5" or "10-10-5-5" of conventional three or four port techniques and finally, gallbladder is extracted through the umbilical port.Results: The pain in the postoperative period and the requirement of postoperative analgesia were significantly less and there was better cosmetic satisfaction of the patients operated by the modified three port laparoscopic cholecystectomy technique as compared to conventional three or four port surgery.Conclusions: The modified three-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy technique is safe and has the same comfort and feasibility to the surgeon along with added advantage of less pain and better cosmetic appearance to the patient in comparison to the conventional three or four-port surgery, with no obvious increase in complications and is definitely a viable alternative procedure for the management of cholelithiasis.
Anesthetic management of pulmonary endarterectomy in a patient with suprasystemic pulmonary pressure: a case report
Authors: Patel Pravinkumar H. , Panthakey Harvesp , Katkade Sandip , Mehta Hemant
Published: May 2020

Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is a potentially curative procedure for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. A 34-year Indian male presented with supra-systemic pulmonary pressure was taken for PEA after achievable optimization. A successful PEA was performed with the help of total cardiac arrest. Patient developed reperfusion pulmonary edema post operatively, which was managed medically. The problems encountered by anesthesiologists in this case were preoperative pulmonary hypertension with chronic hypoxia and postoperative management of reperfusion pulmonary edema.
Vitamin D and COVID-19
Authors: Aggarwal Rashmi , Aggarwal Hemant , Aggarwal Rhea
Published: May 2020

The ongoing COVID -19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus -2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since its emergence in Wuhan in Hubei province of China in December 2019, the virus has spread to every continent except Antartica. Currently, there is no registered treatment or vaccine for the disease. In the current scenario of the deadly virus spreading across continents and the absence of a specific treatment of novel corona virus, there is an urgent need to search for alternative strategies to prevent and control the rapid replication of virus. Vitamin D supplementation may reduce the incidence, severity and risk of death from pneumonia (consequent to the cytokine storm) in the current COVID pandemic. Through its effect on innate and adaptive immunity, vitamin D can reduce the risk of viral respiratory tract infections. 1, 25(OH) vitamin D directly stimulates the production of anti-microbial peptides like defensin and Cathelicidin that can reduce the rate of viral replication. In addition, it can also reduce the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines that are responsible for causing cytokine storm and resultant fatal pneumonia. In order to reduce the risk of infection especially in developing country like India, it is recommended that people at risk of COVDI19 may be considered for vitamin D supplementation.
“Aquí (en Sídney) estamos perdidos”: estudio etnográfico de la satisfacción vital de aborígenes urbanos australianos participantes en un programa sociocomunitario
Authors: Palomares-Cuadros Juan , Marcos-Marcos Jorge , Marquina-Márquez Alfonso
Published: May 2020

Este estudio etnográfico fue diseñado para explorar las condiciones de vida de un grupo de familias aborígenes residentes en un contexto urbano, beneficiarias de un programa sociorecreativo en Sídney, Australia. El objetivo fue explorar la satisfacción vital mediante el análisis de sus condiciones de vida y del capital cultural inscrito en sus actitudes, percepciones y conocimientos establecidos. El trabajo de campo se estructuró en dos fases complementarias: en la fase 1, entre mayo de 2008 y diciembre de 2010, se inició con el ingreso del primer autor como voluntario en la asociación responsable del programa y, en la fase 2, entre enero de 2011 y febrero de 2013 se intensificó el proceso de observación participante y las entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados muestran que el proceso de desarraigo cultural está en la base de las experiencias vitales de desigualdad social experimentadas y apunta a un efecto de cohorte que llega hasta nuestros días. Dicho proceso de (des)consonancia cultural debe ser tenido en cuenta como un factor clave a la hora de analizar las condiciones de vida y bienestar de estas minorías étnicas, así como a la hora de desarrollar programas e intervenciones.
Personal factors affecting medical professionalism: a qualitative study in Iran
Authors: Alipour Fateme , Shahvari Zahra , Asghari Fariba , Samadi Shahram , Amini Homayoun
Published: May 2020

Professional behavior with patients and interactions with colleagues, the institution and professional bodies are influenced by many factors. The purpose of this manuscript is to clarify those personal factors affecting medical professionalism in clinical settings affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
For this purpose, a qualitative study was carried out. One hundred and eighty-two participants were recruited through purposive sampling of clinical staff, physicians, and medical students in Tehran. Data were collected through 22 focus group discussions, and conventional content analysis was used to analyze the data. 
The results were reported in five categories to present the participants’ views. Categories were extracted from 103 codes and consisted of 1) people's belief in professionalism, 2) personality traits, 3) problems in family, 4) mental or physical health status, and 5) communication skills.
The results showed that despite the facilitator roles of some personal factors, others act as barriers to professional behaviors. In order to control their impact, it is crucial to pay attention to them at the time of student/staff selection. Strengthening support systems in the organization is also essential for decreasing the effect of family problems or physical and mental health problems.
What is hidden in hidden curriculum? a qualitative study in medicine
Authors: Yazdani Shahram , Andarvazh Mohammad Reza , Afshar Leila
Published: May 2020

The hidden curriculum is considered to be between the designed and experienced curricula. One of the challenges that medical educators face is to understand what students learn in real clinical settings. The aim of the present study was to answer this question: What is hidden in hidden medical curriculum? This study was a qualitative content analysis. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was performed through unstructured interviews and continued until data saturation. Data were analyzed simultaneously with data collection using MAXQDA10 software. Data validity was confirmed based on the proposed Lincoln and Guba criteria. The main theme that emerged in this study was implicit learning. Professional ethics, spiritual, social and cultural issues, and clinical skills are the five major themes that were presented in this study. These themes and their subthemes are transferred during an implicit learning experience in hidden curriculum. Since a wide range of issues are mostly transferred by hidden curriculum, it is essential to have a dynamic approach to educational environments. This is especially important in clinical settings, as the process of learning is constantly happening in the backyard.
A Transformative Impact of Theory in Clinical Practice: A Study in a Cardiogenetics Clinic
Authors: Paljevic Esma D.
Published: May 2020

Background and Purpose

This qualitative phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of family members who have been referred to a cardiogenetics clinic following the loss of a family member to sudden cardiac death (SCD). These family members were evaluated in a Cardiogenetics Clinic in a Children's Hospital in the New York region, which utilizes an interprofessional approach to care.

Methods

A qualitative phenomenological approach was used to explore the lived experience of family members that were referred following the SCD of a family member. The researcher used hermeneutic dialectics and interviewed family members that attended the Cardiogenetics Clinic.

Results

Insights gained through discussion were discussed in the following themes: stories of feelings being heard, stories of meaningfulness, and stories of mutual process. This led to the transformation of the typical linear clinic process to a transformative and dynamic model for integrated delivery of care.

Implications for Practice

This interprofessional model of care offers information regarding SCD, a genetic profile to determine risk for SCD, an integrative collaborative approach to care as well as nursing, medical interventions, psychological support, and counseling for families.
THE EFFECT OF BEAUTY INFLUENCER, LIFESTYLE, BRAND IMAGE AND HALAL LABELIZATION TOWARDS HALAL COSMETICAL PURCHASING DECISIONS
Authors: Zukhrufani Alfitri , Zakiy Muhammad
Published: May 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of beauty influencers, lifestyle, brand image and halal labelling on purchasing decisions for halal cosmetics. In this study using a quantitative method with cross sectional analysis. The variable measurement scale is done using a likert scale. The sample in this study was a student of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta University who used halal cosmetics and had read or watched videos about cosmetics from a Beauty Influencer. The number of samples collected and successfully analyzed as many as 226 of the 242 respondents taken by using purposive sampling technique. The object of analysis in this study is halal cosmetic products. The analytical method used is multiple regression analysis. The results of this study show that the beauty influencer, lifestyle, brand image and labelling halal have a positive effect on purchasing decisions of halal cosmetics.
Responding to career uncertainty: Applying a ‘dual-empathy’ approach to career development using corporate strategy theory
Authors: Pasha Naeema
Published: May 2020

We live in rapidly changing times, with workers continuously facing challenges as organisations go through repeat and rapid transformations. Furthermore, literature on Future of Work, including the rise of artificial intelligence in the workplace, predicts greater levels of occupational hybridisation and contingent working, which will further increase job uncertainty. This paper argues that by drawing on theory and practice from organisational literature, career practitioners can appreciate better the impact of organisational change on work, and the implications of this for people’s careers. Thus, in understanding both organisational and individual transformation, they can offer a ‘dual-empathy’ approach to career practice.
Expectation and interaction: Student and employer approaches to university careers fairs
Authors: Boyd Jodie , Boyd Stephen
Published: May 2020

This article sets out to explore why those who attend university careers fairs choose to do so; what expectations they have and how these are formed; what motivates attendance; and how do they themselves understand these choices. Furthermore, it aims to determine their interpretation of what happens at these events and the extent to which careers fairs facilitate access to the graduate labour market. This paper concludes that rationales for attending are unique to the individual and expectations are manifold for students and recruiters alike, often based on intricate combinations of agency, structure and capital.