bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhalation exposure to silver nanoparticles induces hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress, associated with altered renin‐angiotensin system signaling, in Wistar rats
Authors: Nayek Subhayu , Lund Amie K. , Verbeck Guido F.
Published: November 2021

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become increasingly popular in the biomedical field over the last few decades due to its proven antibacterial property. Previous scientific studies have reported that one of the major organs responsible for detoxification of AgNPs is the liver. The liver is also the primary organ responsible for secretion of angiotensinogen (AGT), a key signaling molecule involved in the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS), which plays an important role in maintaining cardiac output and vascular pressure. The aim of this study was to assess any potential changes in the RAS‐associated gene signaling, inflammatory response, and hepatocellular toxicity resulting from AgNP exposure. To do this, 6‐week‐old, male Wistar rats were exposed to a subacute inhalation exposure of AgNP (200 ppb/days over 4 h/days exposure, for 5 d) and their livers were analyzed for alterations in RAS components, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Real time qPCR analysis showed that AgNP‐exposure resulted in a significant increase in hepatic AGT, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)‐1, and ACE‐2 mRNA expression. Expression of inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α were also upregulated with AgNP‐exposure, compared to controls. Furthermore AgNP‐exposure mediated a significant increase in hepatic expression of catalase, and superoxide dismutase, and oxidative stress, as assessed via 8‐Oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine staining. Increased oxidative stress was associated with increased monocyte/macrophage‐2 staining in the liver of AgNP‐exposed rats. Such findings indicate that subacute inhalation exposure to AgNPs mediate increased hepatic RAS signaling, associated with inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and oxidative stress.
Characterization and optimization of the LAC4 upstream region for low‐leakage expression in Kluyveromyces marxianus
Authors: Liu Benxin , Wu Pingping , Zhou Jungang , Yin Anqi , Yu Yao , Lu Hong
Published: November 2021

Kluyveromyces marxianus is a promising host for the production of heterologous proteins, chemicals, and bioethanol. One superior feature of this species is its capacity to assimilate lactose, which is rendered by the LAC12–LAC4 gene pair encoding a lactose permease and a β‐galactosidase enzyme. Little is known about the regulation of LAC4 in K. marxianus. In this study, we showed the presence of weak glucose repression in the regulation of LAC4 and that might contribute to the leaky expression of LAC4 in the glucose medium. In a mutagenesis screen of 1000‐bp LAC4 upstream region, one mutant region, named H1, drove low‐leakage expression of a URA3 reporter gene in glucose medium. Two mutations inside a polyadenosine stretch (poly(A)) of 5′ UTR were major contributors to the low‐leakage phenotype of H1. H1 directed low‐leakage expression of GFP on a plasmid and that of LAC4 in situ in the glucose medium, which was not due to the reduction of mRNA levels. Meanwhile, H1 did not affect the induction of GFP or LAC4 by lactose. Cre recombinase expressed by H1 caused lower toxicity in the repressive condition and achieved higher yield after induction, compared with that expressed by a wild‐type LAC4 upstream region or a strong INU1 promoter. Our study suggested that poly(A) inside 5′ UTR played a role in regulating the expression of LAC4 in the repressive condition. Meanwhile, H1 provided a base for the development of a strict inducible system for expressing industrial proteins, especially toxic proteins.
Correction to: Introduction: From the Emergence to the Dynamics of Welfare Markets
Authors: Ledoux Clémence , Shire Karen , van Hooren Franca
Published: November 2021

The original version of chapter 1, “Introduction: From the Emergence to the Dynamics of Welfare Markets” was previously published with exclusive rights reserved by the Publisher. It has now been converted to open access retrospectively under a CC BY 4.0 license and the copyright holder updated to ‘The Author(s)’. The book has also been updated with this change.
Dissoziative Anfälle frühzeitig erkennen
Authors: Opp Joachim , Job Barbara
Published: November 2021

Wenn dissoziative Anfälle, also psychogene, nichtepileptische Anfälle als epileptische Anfälle fehlgedeutet werden, führt dies zu frustraner medikamentöser Therapie und verzögert die Einleitung der erforderlichen psychotherapeutischen Maßnahmen. Folgende Anfallssymptome sollten an dissoziative Anfälle denken lassen: unrhythmisches, wildes Hin- und Herbewegen des Kopfes oder der Extremitäten, geschlossene Augen, lange Dauer und undulierender Verlauf. Ein unauffälliges Elektroenzephalogramm (EEG) spricht für dissoziative Anfälle, aber erst ein negativer EEG-Befund während eines Anfalls ist beweisend. Im Arztgespräch ist es entscheidend, dass die Betroffenen die Möglichkeit bekommen, frei zu schildern. Betroffene mit dissoziativen Anfällen zeigen dann Besonderheiten, die als Diagnosekriterien genutzt werden sollten: Sie fokussieren auf Begleitumstände und lassen in ihren Schilderungen den Moment des Bewusstseinsverlusts aus. Sie machen eher allgemeine Angaben und unterscheiden einzelne Anfälle kaum.
On convergence for hybrid models of gene regulatory networks under polytopic uncertainties: a Lyapunov approach
Authors: Pasquini Mirko , Angeli David
Published: November 2021

Hybrid models of genetic regulatory networks allow for a simpler analysis with respect to fully detailed quantitative models, still maintaining the main dynamical features of interest. In this paper we consider a piecewise affine model of a genetic regulatory network, in which the parameters describing the production function are affected by polytopic uncertainties. In the first part of the paper, after recalling how the problem of finding a Lyapunov function is solved in the nominal case, we present the considered polytopic uncertain system and then, after describing how to deal with sliding mode solutions, we prove a result of existence of a parameter dependent Lyapunov function subject to the solution of a feasibility linear matrix inequalities problem. In the second part of the paper, based on the previously described Lyapunov function, we are able to determine a set of domains where the system is guaranteed to converge, with the exception of a zero measure set of times, independently from the uncertainty realization. Finally a three nodes network example shows the validity of the results.
Long non-coding RNAs: novel regulators of cellular physiology and function
Authors: Oo James A. , Brandes Ralf P. , Leisegang Matthias S.
Published: November 2021

Long non-coding RNAs were once considered as “junk” RNA produced by aberrant DNA transcription. They are now understood to play central roles in diverse cellular processes from proliferation and migration to differentiation, senescence and DNA damage control. LncRNAs are classed as transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not encode a peptide. They are relevant to many physiological and pathophysiological processes through their control of fundamental molecular functions. This review summarises the recent progress in lncRNA research and highlights the far-reaching physiological relevance of lncRNAs. The main areas of lncRNA research encompassing their characterisation, classification and mechanisms of action will be discussed. In particular, the regulation of gene expression and chromatin landscape through lncRNA control of proteins, DNA and other RNAs will be introduced. This will be exemplified with a selected number of lncRNAs that have been described in numerous physiological contexts and that should be largely representative of the tens-of-thousands of mammalian lncRNAs. To some extent, these lncRNAs have inspired the current thinking on the central dogmas of epigenetics, RNA and DNA mechanisms.
Spectrum and characterization of bi-allelic variants in MMAB causing cblB-type methylmalonic aciduria
Authors: Forny Patrick , Plessl Tanja , Frei Caroline , Bürer Celine , Froese D. Sean , Baumgartner Matthias R.
Published: November 2021

Pathogenic variants in MMAB cause cblB-type methylmalonic aciduria, an autosomal-recessive disorder of propionate metabolism. MMAB encodes ATP:cobalamin adenosyltransferase, using ATP and cob(I)alamin to create 5’-deoxyadenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), the cofactor of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MMUT). We identified bi-allelic disease-causing variants in MMAB in 97 individuals with cblB-type methylmalonic aciduria, including 33 different and 16 novel variants. Missense changes accounted for the most frequent pathogenic alleles (p.(Arg186Trp), N = 57; p.(Arg191Trp), N = 19); while c.700C > T (p.(Arg234*)) was the most frequently identified truncating variant (N = 14). In fibroblasts from 76 affected individuals, the ratio of propionate incorporation in the presence and absence of hydroxocobalamin (PI ratio) was associated to clinical cobalamin responsiveness and later disease onset. We found p.(Arg234*) to be associated with cobalamin responsiveness in vitro, and clinically with later onset; p.(Arg186Trp) and p.(Arg191Trp) showed no clear cobalamin responsiveness and early onset. Mapping these and novel variants onto the MMAB structure revealed their potential to affect ATP and AdoCbl binding. Follow-up biochemical characterization of recombinant MMAB identified its three active sites to be equivalent for ATP binding, determined by fluorescence spectroscopy (Kd = 21 µM) and isothermal calorimetry (Kd = 14 µM), but function as two non-equivalent AdoCbl binding sites (Kd1 = 0.55 μM; Kd2 = 8.4 μM). Ejection of AdoCbl was activated by ATP (Ka = 24 µM), which was sensitized by the presence of MMUT (Ka = 13 µM). This study expands the landscape of pathogenic MMAB variants, provides association of in vitro and clinical responsiveness, and facilitates insight into MMAB function, enabling better disease understanding.
Sekundärrohstoffbasierte Versatzprodukte im Bergbau – Mineralwolleabfälle für den ressourcenschonenden Versatz
Authors: Sattler Theresa , Galler Robert , Vollprecht Daniel
Published: November 2021

Versatz wird im Bergbau aus sicherheitstechnischen, umweltrelevanten, bergtechnischen und wirtschaftlichen Gründen durchgeführt. Durch den Einsatz von Versatzprodukten kann die Gebirgsfestigkeit sowie die Stabilität erhöht werden. Somit können beispielsweise einsturzgefährdete Hohlräume aus aufgelassenen Bergbauen gesichert und Bergschäden, wie z. B. Tagbrüche, vermieden werden. Um ein bergbaufremdes Material einzusetzen, müssen rechtliche Vorgaben erfüllt werden, die Notwendigkeit der Versatztätigkeit muss begründet werden und das eingesetzte Versatzprodukt hat mechanische und chemische Eigenschaften zu erfüllen. Der Versatz mit sekundärrohstoffbasiertem Material kann die geforderten Funktionen erfüllen, wenn eine geeignete Versatzrezeptur entwickelt wurde. Im Fall von Mineralwolleabfall kann dieser, nach dem Einbringen in eine Bindemittelmatrix, als Bestandteil eines Versatzprodukts eingesetzt werden. Da Mineralwolleabfälle aktuell in Österreich deponiert werden, ab dem 01.01.2027 jedoch ein Verbot für die Deponierung von Mineralwolleabfälle durch den Gesetzgeber beschlossen wurde, stellt die „sonstige Verwertung“ im Bergversatz eine sinnvolle Alternative dar.
A machine learning-based price state prediction model for agricultural commodities using external factors
Authors: Oktoviany Prilly , Knobloch Robert , Korn Ralf
Published: November 2021

In recent times of noticeable climate change the consideration of external factors, such as weather and economic key figures, becomes even more crucial for a proper valuation of derivatives written on agricultural commodities. The occurrence of remarkable price changes as a result of severe changes in these factors motivates the introduction of different price states, each describing different dynamics of the price process. In order to include external factors we propose a two-step hybrid model based on machine learning methods for clustering and classification. First, we assign price states to historical prices using K-means clustering. These price states are also assigned to the corresponding data of external factors. Second, predictions of future price states are then obtained from short-term predictions of the external factors by means of either K-nearest neighbors or random forest classification. We apply our model to real corn futures data and generate price scenarios via a Monte Carlo simulation, which we compare to Sørensen (J Futures Mark 22(5):393–426, 2002). Thereby we obtain a better approximation of the real futures prices by the simulated futures prices regarding the error measures MAE, RMSE and MAPE. From a practical point of view, these simulations can be used to support the assessment of price risks in risk management systems or as decision support regarding trading strategies under different price states.
Der Zinssatz ist kein Preis
Authors: Hellwig Martin
Published: November 2021

Die Interpretation des Zinssatzes als Preis ist problematisch. Im Gegensatz zum Preis ist der Zinssatz kein Austauschverhältnis. Modelle, in denen der Zinssatz mit einem Preis für die Nutzung von Kapital identifiziert werden kann, sind sehr speziell. In allgemeineren Modellen sind Zinssatz und Mietpreise für Kapital verschieden. Die dogmengeschichtliche Entwicklung hinter dieser Diskussion deutet auf eine apologetische Funktion der Interpretation des Zinssatzes als Mietpreis für Kapital. Im Hintergrund steht die Frage, in welchen Einheiten Zinssatz und „Kapital“ gemessen werden.
The waste ban in China: what happened next? Assessing the impact of new policies on the waste management sector in China
Authors: Song Na , McLellan Iain , Liu Wei , Wang Zhenghua , Hursthouse Andrew
Published: November 2021

The 2017 ban on the waste import and new policies for the waste management sector in mainland China had wide-spread impact. After decades of poor environmental and public health impacts from the sector, a study is needed which focuses on policies updates and waste management. This provides a direction for the survival of local waste management industries and consider similarities with the ban promulgated in China on the restriction of waste import from other countries. We review the waste management situation in China before national legislation prevented the import of waste, highlight the status of landfill mining in China, and review the dynamics of domestic policies before and after the promulgation of the ban in China. The impact of the COVID19 pandemic on the waste management system is starting to emerge, providing both challenges and opportunities for the sector in China. We see the impact of the ban on the range of imported waste and domestically generated materials. The ban results in price increases for domestic recycling that forces companies to introduce more formal recycling processes and to drive the consumption behaviours to more reasonable and environmentally friendly options. The driver in China is to reduce pollution in the environment and improve health, but a negative impact has been from increased landfill mining which has impeded the original aim of the waste ban and requires further technological development. The dynamic of domestic policies in China shows higher level of activity of updates and revisions or introduction of new policies from 2015 onwards and the concept of ‘zero waste cities’ brings new hope for improvement of the Chinese waste management system. The pandemic also suggests an important step to establish sustainable management systems despite evidence of increased “fly-tipping”. The rebound of the waste ban may have stimulated in the short term negative impacts on local environments both in China and internationally.
The Italian Version of Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI-I) for Adolescents: Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Relation with Self-Control and Internalized-Externalized Symptoms
Authors: Bassi Giulia , Lis Adriana , Marci Tatiana , Salcuni Silvia
Published: November 2021

The increased smartphone use in adolescence has led clinicians and researchers to carry out in-depth studies on the matter. Adolescents seem to be at risk of smartphone addiction because they are yet to develop self-control in smartphone use. This psychometric study aimed at examining the levels of validity evidence for the Smartphone Addiction Inventory-Italian (SPAI-I) version for adults, among adolescents. Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed the factor structure of the SPAI-I version for adults among adolescents but not the exploratory factor structure for adults of the original Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI). Convergent validity was assessed by examining the relationship between SPAI-I, self-control, and internalized and externalized problems. A total of 446 Italian adolescents (mean age = 16.04, SD = 1.72, 36.3% males) completed the Self-Restraint Subscale of the Adolescent Self-Consciousness and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires—with a specific focus on the subscales of internalized and externalized problems. Present findings suggested that the SPAI-I version could be used to assess smartphone overuse among adolescents according to a multidimensional perspective.
Effect of Deformation Heating on Microstructure Evolution During Hot Forging of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Kulakov Mykola , Rahimi Salaheddin , Semiatin S. Lee
Published: November 2021

The effect of deformation heating on microstructure evolution during hot forging of Ti-6Al-4V was established. For this purpose, right-circular cylinders of Ti-6Al-4V with an equiaxed-α preform microstructure were preheated to a temperature between 1148 K (875 °C) and 1223 K (950 °C), and compressed to a 60-pct. height reduction in a screw press, yielding average true strain rates of ~ 5 to 20 s−1. Thermocouple measurements and corroborating finite-element-method (FEM) simulations quantified substantial deformation-heating-induced temperature increases. For all preheat temperatures, the heating transient led to an exposure above the equilibrium
β transus temperature. Despite such temperature excursions, the volume fraction of equiaxed primary α in each forged billet was only slightly lower than that in the corresponding preheated condition. The source of such observations was rationalized on the basis of the (hypothesized) solute-concentration fields that develop during the heating and cooling transients experienced in high-rate deformation processing.
Intraoperative irradiation in breast cancer: preliminary results in 80 patients as partial breast irradiation or anticipated boost prior to hypo-fractionated whole breast irradiation
Authors: Li X. , Sanz J. , Argudo N. , Vernet-Tomas M. , Rodríguez N. , Torrent L. , Fernández-Velilla E. , Pera O. , Huang Y. , Nicolau P. , Jiménez M. , Segura M. , Algara M.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To present the first results of intraoperative irradiation (IORT) in breast cancer with a low-energy photon system used as partial breast irradiation (PBI) or as an anticipated boost before whole breast hypo-fractionated irradiation (IORT + WBI), concerning tolerance, side effects, quality of life, and patient-reported outcomes.

Materials and methods

Eighty patients treated with an Intrabeam® system of 50 kV X-rays received a 20 Gy dose intraoperatively were included. Moderate daily hypofractionation of 2.7 Gy in 15 fractions up to 40.5 Gy was administered if high-risk factors were present. Acute post-operative toxicity, surgery complications, chronic toxicity, patient-reported cosmesis and Breast-Q questionnaire were performed at follow-up visits.

Results

Thirty-one patients were treated as PBI and the remaining 49 as IORT + WBI. Only the IORT + WBI group presented acute toxicity, mainly mild acute dermatitis (11 patients) and one subacute mastitis. A total of 20 patients presented fibrosis (18 patients grade I, 2 patients grade II), 15 (30.5%) patients in the IORT + WBI group and 3 (9.6%) patients in the group of PBI. The cosmesis evaluation in 73 patients resulted poor, fair, good or excellent in 2, 7, 38 and 26 patients, respectively. In PBI group Breast-Q scored higher, especially in terms of their psychosocial well-being (78 vs 65) and satisfaction with radiation-induced toxicity (77 vs 72, respectively) compared to IORT + WBI group.

Conclusion

IORT is a well-tolerated procedure with low toxicity, good cosmesis and favorable patient-reported outcomes mainly when administered as PBI.
Sharing Personal Information is Discounted as a Function of Social Distance
Authors: Romanowich Paul
Published: November 2021

Social discounting researchers have repeatedly shown that individuals discount sharing the amount of a monetary reward as a function of social distance, and that increasing the available monetary reward decreases sharing. However, no previous study has tested whether sharing nonmonetary commodities are discounted as a function of social distance. The current study tested whether sharing personal information would be discounted similarly to monetary rewards, as well as whether a magnitude effect occurred at a relatively small magnitude difference with 96 university students. A within-participant procedure showed that sharing personal information was discounted as a function of social distance, albeit with a steeper discounting rate relative to both monetary reward magnitudes. However, there was no significant association between personal information discounting rates and monetary discounting rates at either magnitude, suggesting that participants treated each commodity differently (i.e., commodity effect). Replicating previous non-U.S. samples, discounting rates for both monetary reward magnitudes were significantly positively associated with each other and showed a significant magnitude effect, with participants showing significantly steeper discounting rates for the relatively larger monetary rewards. The results for sharing personal information are important because many scams now target personal information in addition to money. Future research should examine what type of personal information is most likely to be shared as a function of social distance, and whether those participants who choose to share more personal information also are at greater risk for scams targeting personal information.
Impact of particle size reduction on high gravity enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-exploded wheat straw
Authors: Hoppert Luis , Einfalt Daniel
Published: November 2021

Economically feasible bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass requires solid loadings ≥ 15% dry matter (DM, w/w). However, increased solid loadings can lead to process difficulties, which are characterized by high apparent slurry viscosity, insufficient substrate mixing and limited water availability, resulting in reduced final glucose yields. To overcome these limitations, this study focused on enzymatic hydrolysis of 10–35% DM solid loadings with steam-exploded wheat straw in two different particle sizes. At solid loadings of 20 and 25% DM small particle size of ≤ 2.5 mm yielded 16.9 ± 1.1% and 10.2 ± 1.4% increased final glucose concentrations compared to large particle size of 30 ± 20 mm. Small particle size also positively influenced slurry viscosity and, therefore, miscibility. As a key finding of this investigation, high gravity enzymatic hydrolysis with solid loadings of 30–35% DM was indeed successfully employed when wheat straw was applied in small particle size. Here, the highest final glucose yield was achieved with 127.9 ± 4.9 g L−1 at 35% DM solid loading. An increase in the solid loading from 10 to 35% DM in small particle size experiments resulted in a 460% increase in the final glucose concentration.
Mixed E-duality for E-differentiable Vector Optimization Problems Under (Generalized) V-E-invexity
Authors: Abdulaleem Najeeb
Published: November 2021

In this paper, a class of E-differentiable vector optimization problems with both inequality and equality constraints is considered. The so-called vector mixed E-dual problem is defined for the considered E-differentiable vector optimization problem with both inequality and equality constraints. Then, several mixed E-duality theorems are established under (generalized) V-E-invexity hypotheses.
New Instances for Maximum Weight Independent Set From a Vehicle Routing Application
Authors: Dong Yuanyuan , Goldberg Andrew V. , Noe Alexander , Parotsidis Nikos , Resende Mauricio G. C. , Spaen Quico
Published: November 2021

We present a set of new instances of the maximum weight independent set problem. These instances are derived from a real-world vehicle routing problem and are challenging to solve in part because of their large size. We present instances with up to 881 thousand nodes and 383 million edges.
Urban Networks, Micro-agriculture, and Community Food Security
Authors: Gatson Sarah N. , Cisneros Marissa , Brown Robert , Aitkenhead-Peterson Jacqueline A. , Zhang Yu Yvette
Published: November 2021

The white paper first outlines the state of inequity in food security/sovereignty in our area of focus, taking into account historical context as well as emerging and ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and community and policy responses to it. We then discuss a food acquisition intervention, structured as a longitudinal, collaborative research, and service-learning effort known as Everybody Eats. The white paper provides detailed discussion of competing understandings of agriculture, horticulture, and the social problem of food insecurity; the preliminary data that has led to a current collaborative effort to enhance the skillset of people previously not understood as food producers and provisioners, but only as end-user consumers; and the new iteration of the project wherein specific sets of expertise from diverse disciplines are deployed both to offer a more robust intervention, and bring new methodologies to bear in assessing the ecology of a local foodshed. We propose mobilizing existing resources and expertise of the Land Grant/Cooperative Extension system to act as a regional hub for facilitating full community food security (caloric and nutritional adequacy) and food sovereignty (participatory decision-making regarding living spaces and culturally appropriate foodways). Finally, we illustrate how a nexus of faculty, working from a service-learning advocacy perspective and embedded in a participatory action framework, provides a mechanism for bringing together and sustaining a community of intellectually diverse researchers and stakeholders.
Reason and Experience in Renaissance Italy
Authors: Shaw Christine
Published: November 2021

Political life in Renaissance Italy was held together by political principles which underlay, or were used to justify, political proposals and decisions in practice. This wide-ranging comparative survey examines these political principles, as expressed in sources such as council debates, preambles to legislation and official correspondence, in the mid-fifteenth to the mid-sixteenth century Italy. Focusing especially on the five republics - Florence, Venice, Genoa, Siena and Lucca - the book also considers princes and signori, and the principles underlying relations between states, particularly relations between major and minor powers. Many of the ideas articulated by those confronting practical political problems ranged beyond the questions dealt with in formal treatises of political thought and philosophy. Drawing on extensive archival research, Christine Shaw explores the relationship between 'reason and experience' in the conduct of political affairs in Renaissance Italy, and the gap between theory and practice.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) delta wave: Refocusing effort and remaining resilient in the face of evolving infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship challenges
Authors: Stevens Michael P. , Pierce Jacob W. , Pryor Rachel , Doll Michelle E. , Bearman Gonzalo M.
Published: November 2021

Challenges for infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship programs have arisen with the fourth wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, fueled by the delta variant. These challenges include breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals, decisions to re-escalate infection prevention measures, critical medication shortages, and provider burnout. Various strategies are needed to meet these challenges.
Mechanisms of instability growth, interaction and breakdown induced by a backward-facing step in a swept-wing flow
Authors: Eppink Jenna L.
Published: November 2021

Time-resolved particle image velocimetry measurements were performed downstream of a swept backward-facing step. The measurements allow detailed analysis of the interactions between the unsteady instabilities and the stationary crossflow vortices. Different mechanisms are identified that lead to the modulation of the different families of unsteady instabilities that occur downstream of the step. For the low-frequency spanwise-travelling mode, the modulation occurs due to a redistribution of momentum when the instability encounters regions of large spanwise shear of the wall-normal and streamwise velocity. However, the higher-frequency streamwise-travelling instabilities undergo the familiar ‘lift-up’ mechanism when they encounter the regions of large vertical velocity due to the presence of the stationary crossflow vortices. The process leading to large velocity spikes, and ultimately to a laminar breakdown to turbulence, is identified as a constructive interaction between the different unsteady instabilities, coupled with an interaction with the stationary crossflow vortices when the phases align properly.
Physical activity participation among older adults with diabetes: Applying the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Guidelines
Authors: Yang Chenchen , Mpofu Elias , Li Xiaoli , Dorstyn Diana , Li Qiwei , Brock Kaye
Published: November 2021

Objective:

Physical activity (PA) is a known benefit to older adults with diabetes; however, the determinants of PA are less well studied in this population. Applying the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), a well-established biopsychosocial framework, we explored PA participation among older adult with type 2 diabetes.

Method:

Using data from the Health and Retirement Study and the RAND Center for the Study of Aging (N = 2,016; mean age = 73.19; SD = 6.16), we conducted hierarchical stepwise regression analysis to evaluate the relative contribution of different biopsychosocial predictors to PA – namely, body functions and structure, activity and participation, personal, and environmental factors.

Results:

Altogether, biopsychosocial factors accounted for 20% of the variance in PA participation. Of the personal factors, high extraversion and low neuroticism explained approximately 54% of the variance in PA among the older adults – beyond sociodemographics. Low body mass index, reduced pain, reduced depression, and higher cognitive functioning also had good explanatory power (25% of explained variance), whereas activity participation and environment did not (10% each).

Conclusion:

Aligning care with components of the ICF will help to ensure a focus on person-centric practices and, in turn, optimize participation outcomes such as PA.
High-resolution insight into the Holocene environmental history of the Burullus Lagoon in northern Nile delta, Egypt
Authors: Marks Leszek , Welc Fabian , Woronko Barbara , Krzymińska Jarmilla , Rogóż-Matyszczak Anna , Szymanek Marcin , Holuša Jakub , Nitychoruk Jerzy , Chen Zhongyuan , Salem Alaa , Zalat Abdelfattah
Published: November 2021

The modern Nile delta developed in the Middle and Late Holocene, and at its most northern-central point is situated at the Burullus Lagoon, which is environmentally diverse, including salt marshes, mudflats, and sand plains, and separated from a sea by a sand barrier overtopped with high sand dunes. The lagoon has been fed since the Middle Holocene by the Sebennitic branch of the Nile and marine intrusions through the Bughaz inlet. A sediment core (BO-1) was collected at the northeastern shore of the lagoon and sampled at centennial scale resolution in order to reconstruct the development of the lagoon. The results show that an initial and limited lagoon had developed at the end of the Early Holocene, but after a dry period ca. 7.2 cal ka BP it has been progressively transformed into a marshy area, with occasional inflows of sea water. Lower water level and higher salinity of the Burullus Lagoon at 6.0–5.5 and 4.8–4.2 cal ka BP reflected droughts in the Nile catchment. Thereafter, the river reactivated in the Burullus Lagoon area, and since 2.8 cal ka BP was accompanied by occasional inflows of sea water. Since ca. 0.8 cal ka BP, increased fluvial activity occurred in this part of the Nile delta, which terminated after construction of the Aswan dams in the twentieth century.
The Cheney Flute Sonatas Manuscript: An Early Collection for the Traverso, Containing Music by Pepusch and Others
Authors: Talbot Michael
Published: November 2021

This article describes and evaluates a manuscript album of English provenance from the early eighteenth century containing 24 anonymous solo sonatas for the transverse flute (traverso) and continuo. These are especially interesting in that they date from a period when this still rather novel instrument had, in England, very little purpose-written repertory within that genre. A study of concordances and contextual factors reveals that a large number of them, plus some movements in pasticcio sonatas, are by J. C. Pepusch, whose musical style in solo sonatas is examined in detail. The article includes an inventory with musical incipits of the individual compositions.
The Social Practices of Food Bank Volunteer Work
Authors: Lee Richard Philip , Coulson Caroline , Hackett Kate
Published: November 2021

The on-going rise in demand experienced by voluntary and community organisations (VCOs) providing emergency food aid has been described as a sign of a social and public health crisis in the UK (Loopstra, 2018; Lambie-Mumford, 2019), compounded since 2020 by the impact of (and responses to) Covid 19 (Power et al., 2020). In this article we adopted a social practice approach to understanding the work of food bank volunteering. We identify how ‘helping others’, ‘deploying coping strategies’ and ‘creating atmospheres’ are key specific (and connected) forms of shared social practice. Further, these practices are sometimes suffused by faith-based practice. The analysis offers insights into how such spaces of care and encounter (Williams et al., 2016; Cloke et al., 2017) function, considers the implications for these distinctive organisational forms (the growth of which has been subject to justified critique) and suggests avenues for future research.
Enabling Participation Income for an Eco-Social State
Authors: Laruffa Francesco , McGann Michael , Murphy Mary P.
Published: November 2021

We revise Atkinson’s concept of a ‘participation income’ (PI), repositioning it as a form of green conditional basic income that is anchored in a capabilities-oriented eco-social policy framework. This framework combines the capability approach with an ‘ethics of care’ to re-shape the focus of social policy on individuals’ capability to ‘take care of the world’, thus shifting the emphasis from economic production to social reproduction and environmental reparation. In developing this proposal, we seek to address key questions about the feasibility of implementing PI schemes: including their administrative complexity and the criticism that a PI constitutes either an arbitrary and confusing, or invasive and stigmatising, form of basic income. To address these concerns, we argue for an enabling approach to incentivising participation whereby participation pathways are co-created with citizens on the basis of opportunities they recognise as meaningful rather than enforced through strict monitoring and sanctions.
Traditional Gender Attitudes, Nativism, and Support for the Radical Right
Authors: Christley Olyvia R.
Published: November 2021

Using data from the 2017 European Values Study, I analyze the link between harboring traditional gender attitudes and supporting radical right-wing parties. I theorize that the intrinsically gendered elements of the radical right's platforms and rhetoric, which mirror traditional masculinity and femininity in both explicit and implicit ways, make the ideology a comfortable home for individuals who hold traditional gender attitudes. My analyses reveal that gender traditionalists are more likely than egalitarians to express support for the radical right, even after controlling for a host of existing explanations. The same impact is not replicated for mainstream conservative parties. In addition, holding more gender-traditional attitudes raises the probability of supporting the radical right among both nativists and non-nativists. These findings provide important evidence that gender attitudes seemingly constitute a significant pathway to support for the radical right across Europe.
Situatives Qualitätsmanagement
Authors: Riedl Reinhard
Published: November 2021

Was ist zum Thema bereits bekannt?

Derzeit werden viele Künstliche-Intelligenz-Lösungen für das Gesundheitswesen in Forschungslabors entwickelt, finden aber nur selten den Weg in die Praxis.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Bislang wird ein Künstliche-Intelligenz-Gerät als Gerät betrachtet. Die Einbettung in die Arbeitsabläufe und das Design der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Menschen und Maschinen findet zu wenig Beachtung.

Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis?

Mit klaren Vorgaben für das Qualitätsmanagement bei der experimentellen klinischen Erprobung würden die Voraussetzungen für mehr klinische Forschung zur Nutzung von Künstlicher Intelligenz geschaffen.
Exploitation–Exploration Model of Media	Multitasking
Authors: Wiradhany Wisnu , Baumgartner Susanne , de Bruin Anique
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Media multitasking has been long considered as a distraction, as something that is inherently negative or irrational. Yet, casual observations and study findings indicate that in the current permanently online, permanently connected society, people still media multitask frequently, sometimes in spite of their knowledge of the costs. In this article, we introduce the exploitation–exploration model of media multitasking (EEMMM), which proposes that media multitasking occurs as a natural part of the waxing and waning of our task engagement: When primary task engagement (exploitation) begins to wane, alternative tasks become more attractive (exploration). In the first part of this paper, we delineate the limitations of the current perspective of media multitasking as a distraction. The second part provides an exposition for our model: What defines behavior exploitation and exploration, and why maintaining an optimal trade-off between the two is important; the everyday, media-related cues for exploiting and exploring; and the neurobiological evidence of a brain system that supports the transition from exploitation to exploration. Lastly, we show how our approach may explain why people media multitask spontaneously and in spite of their knowledge of the costs, and why not all media multitaskers are able to multitask optimally. We conclude the paper with an agenda for future media multitasking research based on the proposed framework.
The Social Online-Self-Regulation-Theory
Authors: Ozimek Phillip , Förster Jens
Published: November 2021

Abstract. This review aims, first, to introduce a novel theory for social media use, the so-called social online self-regulation theory (SOS-T) by embedding it into an exhaustive literature review, second, to present correlational as well as experimental evidence for the model from our own lab and beyond, and, third, to discuss self-regulatory variables correlated with social networking site (SNS) use reflecting self-regulatory processes such as social comparisons and age, social comparison orientation and materialism, grandiose, and vulnerable narcissism, self-esteem, and depressive tendencies, and, finally, SNS use and emotion regulation. We will also suggest future studies and discuss differences and similarities of more private SNS use (e.g., Facebook, Instagram, or Snapchat) to other SNSs, such as the business-oriented SNS XING.
An Explication of Identity Shift Theory
Authors: Carr Caleb T. , Kim Yeweon , Valov Jacob J. , Rosenbaum Judith E. , Johnson Benjamin K. , Hancock Jeffrey T. , Gonzales Amy L.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. First articulated in 2008, the concept of identity shift refers to the process of self-transformation that is the result of intentional self-presentation in a mediated context. As research into identity shift has become increasingly prevalent, our understanding of the concept’s mechanisms and constraints has become more detailed and in depth. We now have a greater understanding of the process and limitations of identity shift: an understanding sufficient to begin articulating a theory of identity shift that explains and predicts the intrapersonal effects of mediated self-presentations. The present work advances such a theory. We begin by summarizing and synthesizing extant identity shift work – including published articles, presented manuscripts, and unpublished research – to better understand the identity shift process. We then use this synthesis to articulate an initial theory (identity shift theory; IST) that specifies the processes, conditions, constraints, and effects of identity shift based on personal, psychological, and communicative characteristics. Ultimately, the advancement of identity shift theory can inform future research and practice into the implications of online self-presentation for self-effects.
Biotic and Abiotic Controls on Dinitrogen Production in Coastal Sediments
Authors: Sun Lifei , Wang Chao , Yu Haoming , Liu Dongwei , Houlton Benjamin Z. , Wang Shaofeng , Zeng Xiangfeng , Bai Edith , Fang Yunting , Jia Yongfeng
Published: November 2021

Dinitrogen gas (N2) production removes fixed N from the marine biosphere; however, questions remain over the relative influence of microbial processes in determining N2 efflux from coastal sediments. Here, we quantify N2 production processes and controlling factors along a ∼2,500 km continental shelf sediment transect of China via combined molecular and isotopic approaches. We show that denitrification is the dominant pathway of sedimentary N2 production, which is greatly higher than anaerobic ammonium oxidation. N2 production rates by denitrification increase with nosZ gene abundance and decrease with bacterial diversity. The effects of temperature and dissolved oxygen on denitrification are mainly through their influence on biotic factors including functional genes, microbial biomass, and bacterial diversity. The rate of anaerobic ammonium oxidation increases with hzsB gene abundance. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and dissolved organic carbon appear to indirectly affect anaerobic ammonium oxidation rate by regulating hzsB gene abundance. When extrapolated to the entire sampling region, the annual flux of sedimentary denitrification is estimated at ∼9.2 Tg N yr−1. These results improve our understanding of sediment N removal processes and the mechanistic factors that regulate denitrification fluxes.
Multi‐Model Comparison of Computed Debris Flow Runout for the 9 January 2018 Montecito, California Post‐Wildfire Event
Authors: Barnhart K. R. , Jones R. P. , George D. L. , McArdell B. W. , Rengers F. K. , Staley D. M. , Kean J. W.
Published: November 2021

Hazard assessment for post‐wildfire debris flows, which are common in the steep terrain of the western United States, has focused on the susceptibility of upstream basins to generate debris flows. However, reducing public exposure to this hazard also requires an assessment of hazards in downstream areas that might be inundated during debris flow runout. Debris flow runout models are widely available, but their application to hazard assessment for post‐wildfire debris flows has not been extensively tested. Necessary inputs to these models include the total volume of the mobilized flow, flow properties (either inherent material properties or calibration coefficients), and site topography. Estimates of volume are possible in post‐event (“back calculation”) studies, yet before an event, volume is an uncertain quantity. We simulated debris flow runout for the well‐constrained 9 January 2018 Montecito event using three models (RAMMS, FLO2D, and D‐Claw) to determine the relative importance of volume and flow properties. We broke the impacted area into three domains, and for each model‐domain combination, we performed a numerical sampling study in which volume and flow properties varied within a wide, but plausible range. We assessed model performance based on inundation patterns and peak flow depths. We found all models could simulate the event with comparable results. Simulation performance was most sensitive to flow volume and less sensitive to flow properties. Our results emphasize the importance of reducing uncertainty in pre‐event estimates of flow volume for hazard assessment.
Phase 1A/1B dose-escalation and -expansion study to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, food effects and antitumor activity of pamiparib in advanced solid tumours
Authors: Lickliter Jason D. , Voskoboynik Mark , Mileshkin Linda , Gan Hui K. , Kichenadasse Ganessan , Zhang Kathy , Zhang Maggie , Tang Zhiyu , Millward Michael
Published: November 2021

Background

Pamiparib, a PARP1/2 inhibitor, demonstrated antitumor activity in preclinical models.

Methods

This Phase 1A/1B dose-escalation/dose-expansion study enrolled adults (≥18 years) with advanced/metastatic cancer. The dose-escalation phase evaluated the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D), maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and pharmacokinetics; the dose-expansion phase evaluated the antitumor activity and food effects.

Results

Patients (N = 101) were enrolled in dose-escalation (n = 64) and dose-expansion (n = 37). During BID dose-escalation, dose-limiting toxicities were Grade 2 nausea (n = 1, 40 mg; n = 1, 80 mg); Grade 2 nausea and Grade 2 anorexia (n = 1, 120 mg), Grade 2 nausea, Grade 3 fatigue and Grade 3 paraesthesia (n = 1, 120 mg); MTD was 80 mg BID and RP2D was 60 mg BID. Common adverse events (AEs) were nausea (69.3%), fatigue (48.5%) and anaemia (35.6%); the most common Grade ≥3 AE was anaemia (24.8%). There was a dose-proportional increase in pamiparib exposure; no food effects on pharmacokinetics were observed. In the efficacy-evaluable population (n = 77), objective response rate (ORR) was 27.3% (95% CI, 17.7–38.6%). Median duration of response was 14.9 months (95% CI, 8.7–26.3). In the epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)-evaluable population (n = 51), ORR was 41.2% (95% CI, 27.6–55.8%).

Conclusions

Pamiparib was tolerated with manageable AEs, and antitumor activity was observed in patients with EOC.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier

NCT02361723.