bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acesulfame potassium induces dysbiosis and intestinal injury with enhanced lymphocyte migration to intestinal mucosa
Authors: Hanawa Yoshinori , Higashiyama Masaaki , Kurihara Chie , Tanemoto Rina , Ito Suguru , Mizoguchi Akinori , Nishii Shin , Wada Akinori , Inaba Kenichi , Sugihara Nao , Horiuchi Kazuki , Okada Yoshikiyo , Narimatsu Kazuyuki , Komoto Shunsuke , Tomita Kengo , Hokari Ryota
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim

The artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium (ACK) is officially approved as safe for intake and has been used in processed foods. However, ACKs have been reported to induce metabolic syndrome, along with alteration of the gut microbiota in mice. In recent years, studies have suggested that this artificial sweetener promotes myeloperoxidase reactivity in Crohn's disease‐like ileitis. We aimed to investigate the effect of ACK on the intestinal mucosa and gut microbiota of normal mice.

Methods

Acesulfame potassium was administered to C57BL/6J mice (8 weeks old) via free drinking. Intestinal damage was evaluated histologically, and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL1‐β, MAdCAM‐1, GLP1R, and GLP2R were determined with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression of MAdCAM‐1 in the small intestine. The composition of gut microbiota was assessed using high‐throughput sequencing. We performed intravital microscopic observation to examine if ACK altered lymphocyte migration to the intestinal microvessels.

Results

Acesulfame potassium increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, decreased the expression of GLP‐1R and GLP‐2R, and induced small intestinal injury with an increase in intestinal permeability, and ACK treatment induced microbial changes, but the transfer of feces alone from ACK mice did not reproduce intestinal damage in recipient mice. ACK treatment significantly increased the migration of lymphocytes to intestinal microvessels.

Conclusion

Acesulfame potassium induces dysbiosis and intestinal injury with enhanced lymphocyte migration to intestinal mucosa. Massive use of non‐caloric artificial sweeteners may not be as safe as we think.
Speech and the swallowing threshold in single implant overdenture wearers: A paired control study
Authors: Meira Ingrid Andrade , Pinheiro Mayara Abreu , Prado‐Tozzi Daniela Almeida , Cáceres‐Barreno Andrés Humberto , de Moraes Márcio , Rodrigues Garcia Renata Cunha Matheus
Published: August 2021

Background

Single implant mandibular overdentures (SIMOs) can improve mastication in edentulous elderly people. However, little attention has been paid to their effects on articulation disorders and the swallowing threshold relative to those of conventional complete dentures (CDs).

Objective

To compare the effects of new conventional CD set and SIMOs on articulation disorders, mandibular movements during speech and swallowing threshold using a paired study design.

Methods

Twenty‐two edentulous Brazilian Portuguese–speaking elderly people (mean age 66.7 ± 4.6 years) were first evaluated whilst wearing their old conventional CDs. Articulation disorders were analysed by audio and video recordings, mandibular movements during speech were measured by kinesiography, and the swallowing threshold was assessed by masticatory cycle counting and medium particle size (X50) calculation. Participants then received new conventional CDs, and evaluations were repeated 2 months later. Subsequently, single implants were installed in the midlines of subjects’ mandibles, and the conventional CDs were converted to SIMOs. After 2 months of SIMOs use, the evaluations were repeated. Data were submitted to the Cochran‐Mantel‐Haenszel and ANOVA.

Results

No difference in articulation disorders was found between new conventional CD and SIMO use. The frequency of anterior lisp during /s/ and /z/ phoneme pronunciation was reduced with new conventional CD use relative to old conventional CD use (p < .05). The X50 decreased progressively with new conventional CD and SIMO use (both p < .05).

Conclusion

SIMOs do not alter speech relative to new well‐fitted conventional CDs, but improved the swallowing threshold, in edentulous elderly people.
Electromyographic evaluation of perioral muscle activities during facial expression and button‐pull exercise
Authors: Tada Mihoko , Ofusa Wataru , Shiratori Takami , Yamamoto Masahito , Shoji Yoshio , Suzuki Noriko , Yamada Yoshiaki
Published: August 2021

Background

Muscle weakness negatively affects perioral muscles and quality of life. The button‐pull exercise is used to teach lip closure (LC) and to strengthen muscles. However, how the muscles accomplish LC during button‐pull and its training effect on each muscle are unknown.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the LC mechanism and the efficacy of perioral muscle training.

Methods

Electromyographic (EMG) activities were obtained from perioral muscles along with the lip closing force (LCF) and were normalised to the maximum LC activities. Correlations between muscle activities and LCF were assessed during LCF increment/decrement task. The effectiveness of training methods was evaluated during functional face tasks (FFT). The effects of button‐pull on muscles were evaluated during static loadings with two sized buttons.

Results

The muscles were active during LC, and the amplitudes changed with the LCF. In FFT, the muscles were simultaneously active and the total activity was highest during the blowing task. In button‐pull, maximum button‐pulling forces (BPFs) were significantly larger with the large button (p = .0001). In the static loading task, muscle activities increased with increasing button load. However, the small button produced significantly greater EMG activity than the large button in most of the load (p < .005).

Conclusion

LC is accomplished by the cooperation of perioral muscles. In button‐pull, a larger button requires a larger BPF, but a smaller button shows higher muscle activities. Face expression exercises compare favourably with button‐pull. Forceful LC and blowing tasks may be effective and balanced training of the perioral muscles.
The effect of carrier on consumer liking of soy sauce
Authors: Keefer Heather R. M. , Harwood William S. , Ennis Daniel , Drake MaryAnne
Published: August 2021

Soy sauce may be consumed as an ingredient, a marinade, or as a compliment to sushi. The objective of this study was to determine the role of carrier in the context of consumer liking and differentiation of soy sauces. A trained descriptive analysis panel (n = 8) documented aromatics, basic tastes, and mouthfeel factors of 27 different soy sauces. Ten representative soy sauces were selected for consumer evaluation. Soy sauces were presented on meatballs, cucumber sushi rolls, and neat in three separate sessions. Within each session, consumers (n = 121) reported overall liking for each soy sauce. Overall liking scores were evaluated by two‐way analysis of variance (soy sauce × context) and landscape segmentation analysis (LSA) was applied to visualize consumer ideal points for each context. Soy sauce liking scores were highest for meatballs and lowest for neat evaluation (p < .05). Context and soy sauce impacted liking (p < .05), but there was no interaction (p > .05), and liking scores were generally consistent, regardless of context. Drivers of liking determined via LSA differed slightly among the various contexts tested, and there was evidence that consumer ideals within a product space shifted in different contexts.

Practical Applications

Selection of a carrier for a consumer taste test can be time‐consuming and expensive. This study demonstrates that consumers can evaluate soy sauces neat and provide the same directional information as if the consumers evaluated the soy sauces with a carrier.
Religious Fundamentalism and Quest as Predictors of Moral Foundations Among Iranian Muslims
Authors: Mikani Mehdi , Rasoolzadeh Tabatabaei SeyedKazem
Published: August 2021

Does religion make us moral? How do individual differences in religious beliefs influence morality? Can we predict differences in moral concerns by certain facets of religiousness? Here, we attempted to answer these hotly debated questions within a novel psychological framework called “moral foundations theory.” We extended past research on the relationship between moral foundations and religiosity that was limited to Christian samples in WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) societies. Data were collected from 276 Iranian Muslims who completed an online survey measuring religious dimensions and the endorsement of five moral foundations (Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, and Purity). Each of the moral foundations was positively correlated with intrinsic religiosity, religious fundamentalism, and religious activity, while quest religiousness was negatively correlated with binding foundations. However, controlling for general religiosity and demographic variables, we found that religious fundamentalism predicted binding foundations; quest religiousness predicted individualizing foundations; intrinsic religiosity predicted care, authority, and purity.
Mean‐ portfolio selection and ‐arbitrage for coherent risk measures
Authors: Herdegen Martin , Khan Nazem
Published: August 2021

We revisit mean‐risk portfolio selection in a one‐period financial market where risk is quantified by a positively homogeneous risk measure . We first show that under mild assumptions, the set of optimal portfolios for a fixed return is nonempty and compact. However, unlike in classical mean‐variance portfolio selection, it can happen that no efficient portfolios exist. We call this situation ‐arbitrage, and prove that it cannot be excluded—unless is as conservative as the worst‐case risk measure. After providing a primal characterization of ‐arbitrage, we focus our attention on coherent risk measures that admit a dual representation and give a necessary and sufficient dual characterization of ‐arbitrage. We show that the absence of ‐arbitrage is intimately linked to the interplay between the set of equivalent martingale measures (EMMs) for the discounted risky assets and the set of absolutely continuous measures in the dual representation of . A special case of our result shows that the market does not admit ‐arbitrage for Expected Shortfall at level if and only if there exists an EMM such that .
Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF induces apoptosis in MG63 cells via caspase‐3/‐8/‐9 without activation of caspase‐1/GSDMD
Authors: Li Yang , Wen Cheng , Zhong Jialin , Ling Junqi , Jiang Qianzhou
Published: August 2021

Objective

Regulated cell death is key in the pathogenesis of persistent apical periodontitis. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of regulated cell death in osteoblast‐like MG63 cells infected with Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF.

Materials and methods

MG63 cells were infected with live E. faecalis OG1RF at the indicated multiplicity of infection for the indicated infection time. We evaluated the cells by flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling assay and lactate dehydrogenase release analysis; measured the activity of caspase‐1/‐3/‐8/‐9 and the release of interleukin‐1β; and determined the expression of apoptosis‐associated proteins and gasdermin D by apoptosis antibody array and Western blotting.

Results

Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential of the infected cells, increased the percentage of apoptotic and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling‐positive cells, and enhanced lactate dehydrogenase release. The expression of caspase‐3 and survivin and the activity of caspase‐3/‐8/‐9 were upregulated, while the expression of death receptor 6 was downregulated. The activity of caspase‐1/gasdermin D and the release of interleukin‐1β remained unaltered.

Conclusion

Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF induced both intrinsic and extrinsic MG63 cell apoptosis via caspase‐3/‐8/‐9 activation but did not activate the pyroptotic pathway regulated by caspase‐1/gasdermin D.
On Characterizing Uncertainty Sources in Laser Powder-Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Models
Authors: Moges Tesfaye , Jones Kevontrez , Feng Shaw , Witherell Paul , Ameta Gaurav
Published: August 2021

Tremendous efforts have been made to use computational and simulation models of additive manufacturing (AM) processes. The goals of these efforts are to better understand process complexities and to realize better high-quality parts. However, understanding whether any model is a correct representation for a given scenario is a difficult proposition. For example, when using metal powders, the laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF) process involves complex physical phenomena such as powder morphology, heat transfer, phase transformation, and fluid flow. Models based on these phenomena will possess different degrees of fidelity since they often rely on assumptions that may neglect or simplify process physics, resulting in uncertainties in their prediction accuracy. Prediction accuracy and its characterization can vary greatly between models due to their uncertainties. This paper characterizes several sources of L-PBF model uncertainty for low, medium, and high-fidelity thermal models including modeling assumptions (model-form uncertainty), numerical approximations (numerical uncertainty), and input parameters (parameter uncertainty). This paper focuses on the input uncertainty sources, which we model in terms of a probability density function (PDF), and its propagation through all other L-PBF models. We represent uncertainty sources using the webontologylanguage, which allows us to capture the relevant knowledge used for interoperability and reusability. The topology and mapping of the uncertainty sources establish fundamental requirements for measuring model fidelity and for guiding the selection of a model suitable for its intended purpose.
Mitigation of Antisymmetric Mode and Drag With Base Cavities
Authors: Viji M. , Vikramaditya N. S.
Published: August 2021

Experiments were carried out to examine the impact of base cavities on the base pressure fluctuations and total drag of a cylindrical afterbody for freestream Mach numbers 0.6–1.5. Significant improvement in the base pressure and a substantial reduction in the afterbody drag was noticed in the presence of a base cavity at subsonic Mach numbers. However, on increasing the cavity length beyond a certain value, its performance deteriorates. At supersonic Mach numbers, their effectiveness drops drastically. Tones in the spectra can be classified into two types depending on the dominant azimuthal mode, which is either 0 or 1 and are referred to as symmetric and an antisymmetric mode, respectively. Spectra at subsonic Mach numbers exhibit tones, which are related either to mode 0 or 1. However, at supersonic Mach numbers, only tones related to mode 0 exist. The base cavity either effectively suppresses the antisymmetric mode or modifies it into a symmetric mode resulting in mitigation of the tones related to antisymmetric mode.
Optimized Design of Various Ag Decorated Sn-xAg-Cu0.7 Solder Bump on Cycling Fatigue Reliability for Wafer-Level Chip Scale Packaging
Authors: Lee H. T. , Ho C. Y. , Lee C. C.
Published: August 2021

Effects of Ag content (0 ∼ 3 wt%) in Sn-xAgCu0.7 solders on microstructure characteristics and low cycling fatigue at different temperature conditions are overall investigated. To increase Ag content, the solidus points 228.8 °C of Sn-Cu0.7 gradually decrease to 218.5 °C and temperature range of solid–liquid coexistence phase reduces at the same time. The Sn-Cu0.7 matrix consisted of small particles of Cu6Sn5 within β-Sn equiaxial grains and did not significantly influence solder hardness. Moreover, much intermetallic compound of plate-like Ag3Sn and rod-like Cu6Sn5 existed in Sn-xAgCu0.7 solders enables to enhance the hardness due to dense network of Ag3Sn precipitation and near eutectic point. As a result of plastic displacement decreases with higher Ag additions, better fatigue lifetime could be achieved at Ag content to 1.5 wt%. Besides, crack stemmed from thicker intermetallic compounds (IMC) layer in Sn-3.0Ag-Cu0.7 solder interface will decrease fatigue performance especially for 80 °C and 120 °C.
Five new eriophyoid mite species associated with plum orchards, Prunus domestica L. and five new records of the superfamily Eriophyoidea (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Hamedan Province, Iran
Authors: Jafari Soheila , Khanjani Mohammad
Published: August 2021

Eriophyoid mites from plum trees (Prunus domestica L.) in Hamadan Province, northwestern Iran, were collected during a survey in 2018–2020. Altogether 12 species, belonging to eight genera and two families, are reported herein. Five species are new to science and five species are new records for Hamadan province of Iran. The collected mites according to their families, genera and species are as follows: family Diptilomiopidae: Quadracus reticulatus sp. nov., Rhinophytoptus nemalobos Lotfollahi & de Lillo, 2014, Diptacus hamedanicus Jafari & Khanjani, 2020, Diptacus gigantorhynchus (Nalepa, 1892); family Eriophyidae: Acalitus iranicus sp. nov. causes small irregular galls around of buds, Aculus flechtmanni sp. nov., Aculus fockeui (Nalepa & Trouessart, 1891), Eriophyes prunorum sp. nov. causes blisters on leaf surface, Eriophyes savagei Keifer, 1939 causes leaf nail galls, Phyllocoptes hamedi sp. nov., Phyllocoptes abaenus Keifer, 1940, and Tetra pruni Jafari, Khanjani & Ueckermann, 2020.
New species of the genus Plonaphacarus (Oribatida, Steganacaridae) from China
Authors: Liu Dong , Huang Min
Published: August 2021

Two new species belonging to the family Steganacaridae are described from Oriental part of China: Plonaphacarus luxiensis sp. nov. differs from Plonaphacarus concavus Liu, Wu & Chen, 2011 by the long and stout interlamellar and lamellar setae, lateral prodorsal carinae absent, exobothridial setae vestigial, anterodorsal part of notogaster not concave dorsally, notogastral setae c1 and anal setae short and spiniform, setae c1 positioned close to anterior border of notogaster and setae d on femora I distanced to distal end of segment; Plonaphacarus hailingensis sp. nov. differs from congeneric species by the presence of heterotrichy of notogastral setae, in which setae c1, c2 and c3 long and flagellate distally, prodorsum with median crista and posterior furrows, sensilli long and setiform, and rostral setae short, spiniform and semi-erect. A key to all known species of Plonaphacarus from China are provided to facilitate identification of this group.
Comparative Analysis of Pharmacodynamics in the C3HeB/FeJ Mouse Tuberculosis Model for DprE1 Inhibitors TBA-7371, PBTZ169, and OPC-167832
Authors: Robertson Gregory T. , Ramey Michelle E. , Massoudi Lisa M. , Carter Claire L. , Zimmerman Matt , Kaya Firat , Graham Barbara G. , Gruppo Veronica , Hastings Courtney , Woolhiser Lisa K. , Scott Dashick W. L. , Asay Bryce C. , Eshun-Wilson Franceen , Maidj Ekaterina , Podell Brendan K. , Vásquez Joshua J. , Lyons Mike A. , Dartois Véronique , Lenaerts Anne J.
Published: August 2021

Multiple drug discovery initiatives for tuberculosis are currently ongoing to identify and develop new potent drugs with novel targets in order to shorten treatment duration. One of the drug classes with a new mode of action is DprE1 inhibitors targeting an essential process in cell wall synthesis of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
.
Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Nosocomial Pneumonia Successfully Treated with a Novel Antibiotic Combination
Authors: Zaidan Noor , Hornak J. Patrik , Reynoso David
Published: August 2021

Extremely drug-resistant (XDR)
Acinetobacter baumannii
causes challenging nosocomial infections. We report the case of a patient with XDR
A. baumannii
pneumonia and septic shock successfully treated with cefiderocol and a novel antibiotic obtained via expanded access protocol. With focused research and drug development efforts, the poor outcomes associated with these infections may be mitigated.
Propensity Score and Desirability of Outcome Ranking Analysis of Ertapenem for Treatment of Nonsevere Bacteremic Urinary Tract Infections Due to Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacterales
in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Belén , Pérez-Nadales Elena , Pérez-Galera Salvador , Fernández-Ruiz Mario , Carratalà Jordi , Oriol Isabel , Cordero Elisa , Lepe José Antonio , Tan Ban Hock , Corbella Laura , Paul Mical , Natera Alejandra M. , David Miruna D. , Montejo Miguel , Iyer Ranganathan N. , Pierrotti Ligia Camera , Merino Esperanza , Steinke Seema Mehta , Rana Meenakshi M. , Muñoz Patricia , Mularoni Alessandra , van Delden Christian , Grossi Paolo Antonio , Seminari Elena María , Gunseren Filiz , Lease Erika D. , Roilides Emmanuel , Fortún Jesús , Arslan Hande , Coussement Julien , Tufan Zeliha Koçak , Pilmis Benoit , Rizzi Marco , Loeches Belén , Eriksson Britt Marie , Abdala Edson , Soldani Fabio , Lowman Warren , Clemente Wanessa Trindade , Bodro Marta , Fariñas María Carmen , Kazak Esra , Martínez-Martínez Luis , Aguado José María , Torre-Cisneros Julián , Pascual Álvaro , Rodríguez-Baño Jesús ,   Investigators from the REIPI/ESGICH/ESGBIS/INCREMENT-SOT Group
Published: August 2021

There are scarce data on the efficacy of ertapenem in the treatment of bacteremia due to extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
Enterobacterales
(ESBL-E) in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. We evaluated the association between treatment with ertapenem or meropenem and clinical cure in KT recipients with nonsevere bacteremic urinary tract infections (B-UTI) caused by ESBL-E.
Activity of Imipenem-Relebactam against Multidrug- and Extensively Drug-Resistant Burkholderia cepacia Complex and Burkholderia gladioli
Authors: Becka Scott A. , Zeiser Elise T. , LiPuma John J. , Papp-Wallace Krisztina M.
Published: August 2021

The
Burkholderia cepacia
complex (Bcc) and
Burkholderia gladioli
are opportunistic pathogens that most commonly infect persons with cystic fibrosis or compromised immune systems. Members of the
Burkholderia
genus are intrinsically multidrug resistant (MDR), possessing both a PenA carbapenemase and an AmpC β-lactamase, rendering treatment of infections due to these species problematic.
Mitochondrial Fusion Mediated by Mitofusin 1 Regulates Macrophage Mycobactericidal Activity by Enhancing Autophagy
Authors: Ning Yuping , Cai Yi , Dai Youchao , Li Fuxiang , Mo Siwei , Werz Oliver , Chen Xinchun
Published: August 2021

A mitochondrion, as a highly dynamic organelle, continuously changes morphology and position during its life cycle. Mitochondrial dynamics, including fission and fusion, play a critical role in maintaining functional mitochondria for ATP production, which is directly linked to host defense against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection.
The Corynebacterium diphtheriae HbpA Hemoglobin-Binding Protein Contains a Domain That Is Critical for Hemoprotein Binding, Cellular Localization, and Function
Authors: Lyman Lindsey R. , Peng Eric D. , Schmitt Michael P.
Published: August 2021

Hemoproteins, such as Hb, are an abundant source of iron in humans and are proposed to be required by numerous pathogens to cause disease. In this report, we expand on our previous studies in further defining the role of HbpA in hemin iron acquisition in
C. diphtheriae
.
Non-specific aortoarteritis (NSAA) in children: a prospective observational study
Authors: Gupta Himanshu , Kaur Navjyot , Saxena Anita , Jagia Priya , Kumar Sanjeev , Gupta Saurabh Kumar , Sharma Sanjeev , Kothari Shyam S , Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian
Published: August 2021

Objective

Prospective data on clinical profile, natural history and outcomes of NSAA (non-specific aortoarteritis) in children is limited. We initiated this prospective study to evaluate the short-term and medium-term outcomes of NSAA in children.

Design

Prospective observational study.

Setting

Tertiary care hospital in India.

Patients

We included 28 consecutive children (<15 years) with a diagnosis of NSAA.

Main outcome measures

Clinical profile, symptoms, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), the pattern of vessel involvement, complications and markers of disease activity were assessed at the time of diagnosis. All the patients underwent treatment and interventions as per the current guidelines and were followed up for a mean duration of 13.5±6.7 months for disease activity and outcomes.

Results

The mean age of the cohort was 10±2.9 years (14 boys). Twenty (71%) patients had hypertension. Half of the children presented with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Only 21 patients (75%) met Sharma et al modified Ishikawa criteria for the diagnosis. The children with active disease (36%) were managed with immunosuppressive drugs. Percutaneous and surgical interventions were performed in 26 (93%) children. New York Heart Association functional class, LVEF and control of hypertension improved in most children on follow-up. Four children developed vascular restenosis requiring reinterventions. There was no death during mid-term follow-up.

Conclusions

Children with NSAA, unlike adults seldom present with classical features of the disease. ADHF and ventricular dysfunction are strikingly common in children. Appropriate immunosuppressive therapy for active disease and timely intervention improves clinical outcomes over a medium term follow-up. Future studies assessing long-term outcome are needed.
Free-fall landing and interval running have different effects on trabecular bone mass and microarchitecture, serum osteocalcin, biomechanical properties, SOST expression and on osteocyte-related characteristics
Authors: Boudenot Arnaud , Pallu Stéphane , Uzbekov Rustem , Dolleans Eric , Toumi Hechmi , Lespessailles Eric
Published: August 2021

The effects of treadmill interval training (IT) and free-fall exercise were evaluated on bone parameters including osteocyte related characteristics. Thirty-eight 4-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control (C) group and exercise groups: IT, 10 free-fall impacts/day with a 10-s (FF10) or 20-s interval between drops (FF20), 5 days/week, for 9 weeks. We assessed bone mineral density (BMD); microarchitecture by µCT; mechanical strength by a 3-point bending test; density and occupancy of the osteocyte lacunae by toluidine blue staining; osteocalcin and NTx systemic levels by ELISA; and bone tissue Sost messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by RT-PCR. NTx levels were significantly lower in exercise groups as compared with the C group. In exercise groups the Sost mRNA expression was significantly lower than in C. Tb.N was significantly higher for IT and FF20 compared with the C group. Tb.Sp was significantly lower in FF10 compared with the C group. Both IT and FF20 were associated with higher tibial lacunar density as compared with FF10. compared with FF10, IT fat mass was lower, while tibial osteocyte lacunae occupancy and systemic osteocalcin level were higher. All exercise modes were efficient in reducing bone resorption. Both IT and free-fall impact with appropriate recovery periods, which may be beneficial for bone health and osteocyte-related characteristics.

Novelty: Interval training is beneficial for bone mineral density. Exercises decreased both bone resorption and inhibition of bone formation (Sost mRNA). Longer interval recovery time favors osteocyte lacunae density.
High Efficiency Spam Filtering: A Manifold Learning-Based Approach
Authors: Wang Chao , Li Qun , Ren Tian-yu , Wang Xiao-hu , Guo Guang-xin
Published: August 2021

Spam filtering, which refers to detecting unsolicited, unwanted, and virus-infested emails, is a significant problem because spam emails lead to unnecessary costs of Internet resources, waste of people’s time, and even loss of property. Support vector machine (SVM) is the state-of-the-art method for high accuracy spam filtering. However, SVM incurs high time complexity because of the high dimensionality of the emails. In this study, we propose a manifold learning-based approach for time-efficient spam filtering. From the experiments that most of the features are not decisive, we can obtain the viewpoint that only a minor part of the spam emails can be detected using the nondecisive features. Based on the insight, we propose to employ the Laplace feature map algorithm to obtain the geometrical information from the email text datasets and extract the decisive features. Then, the extracted features are used as the input of SVM to spam filtering. We conduct extensive experiments on three datasets, and the evaluation results indicate the high accuracy time efficiency of our proposed algorithm.
Recurrent Hodgkin’s Disease Presenting as a Clinically Isolated Cavernous Sinus Syndrome
Authors: Soni Aayesha Jalaluddin , Lee-Pan Edward Bernard
Published: August 2021

Background. Hodgkin’s disease involving the central nervous system is uncommon and is usually seen in patients with uncontrolled systemic disease or those who have had multiple episodes of recurrent disease. Common symptoms of intracranial Hodgkin’s disease are motor and/or sensory deficits, headache, papilloedema, coma, and seizures. The rarity of Hodgkin’s disease presenting with intracranial involvement is marked, but patients presenting with cavernous sinus syndrome is even rarer. Despite its rarity, the presence of a cavernous sinus syndrome in a patient with a known history of Hodgkin’s disease warrants full utilization of modern diagnostic techniques in terms of investigation. Case Presentation. A 34-year-old woman, known with previous Hodgkin’s lymphoma and now in remission for the past 7 years, presented with signs and symptoms suggestive of a left cavernous sinus syndrome. She was otherwise systemically well with no other complaints. Extensive investigations revealed no obvious cause for the cavernous sinus syndrome. A CT chest revealed subclinical axillary lymphadenopathy, which on excisional biopsy confirmed recurrent Hodgkin’s disease. The patient’s sole clinical presentation of her recurrent disease was the cavernous sinus syndrome, with no other clinically obvious systemic signs or symptoms to suggest a relapse. This was treated with steroids, and clinical improvement was noted; she was referred to oncology for extensive chemotherapy. Conclusions. Whilst there is a paucity of literature around this topic, it must be remembered by the clinician that cavernous sinus syndrome may be the sole clinical presentation of recurrent Hodgkin’s disease. Even though it is reported that lymphomatous involvement in the brain usually occurs late in the disease process, this case is evidence that cavernous sinus syndrome may precede other systemic signs and symptoms. Recognising this possibility will ensure a rigorous search for Hodgkin’s disease, an early and effective diagnosis, and a better prognosis in affected patients.
Failure Characteristics and Stability Control of Bolt Support in Thick‐Coal‐Seam Roadway of Three Typical Coal Mines in China
Authors: Xiang Zhe , Zhang Nong , Qian Deyu , Xie Zhengzheng , Zhang Chenghao , Guo Feng , Wang Sujian
Published: August 2021

Roadways in thick coal seams are widely distributed in China. However, due to the relatively developed cracks and brittleness of coal, the support failure of thick‐coal‐seam roadways frequently occurs. Therefore, the study of bolt failure characteristics and new anchoring technology is very important for the safety control of thick‐coal‐seam roadways. Based on field observations, the failure mechanism of selected roadway failures under distinct conditions at three representative coal mines in eastern and western China was analyzed. Recommendations are provided for roadway safety control. The results show that the strength and dimension of the anchoring structure in the coal roof of thick‐coal‐seam roadways are the decisive factors for the resistance of the roadway convergence and stress disturbance. The thick anchoring structure in the roof constructed by flexible long bolts can effectively solve the problem of support failure caused by insufficient support length of traditional rebar bolts under the condition of extra‐thick coal roof and thick coal roof with weak interlayers. The concepts and techniques presented in the paper provide a reference for the design of roadway support under similar geological conditions and dynamic load.
Accurate Identification of Antioxidant Proteins Based on a Combination of Machine Learning Techniques and Hidden Markov Model Profiles
Authors: Shen Zhehan , Liu Taigang , Xu Ting
Published: August 2021

Antioxidant proteins (AOPs) play important roles in the management and prevention of several human diseases due to their ability to neutralize excess free radicals. However, the identification of AOPs by using wet-lab experimental techniques is often time-consuming and expensive. In this study, we proposed an accurate computational model, called AOP-HMM, to predict AOPs by extracting discriminatory evolutionary features from hidden Markov model (HMM) profiles. First, auto cross-covariance (ACC) variables were applied to transform the HMM profiles into fixed-length feature vectors. Then, we performed the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method to reduce the dimensionality of the raw feature space. Finally, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier was adopted to conduct the prediction of AOPs. To comprehensively evaluate the performance of the proposed AOP-HMM model, the 10-fold cross-validation (CV), the jackknife CV, and the independent test were carried out on two widely used benchmark datasets. The experimental results demonstrated that AOP-HMM outperformed most of the existing methods and could be used to quickly annotate AOPs and guide the experimental process.
Road Hazard Assessment Using Pothole and Traffic Data in South Korea
Authors: Yang Choong Heon , Kim Jin Guk , Shin Sung Pil
Published: August 2021

Road surface conditions have a direct effect on the quality of driving, which in turn affects overall traffic flow. Many studies have been conducted to accurately identify road surface conditions using diverse technologies. However, these previously proposed methods may still be insufficient to estimate actual risks along the roads because the exact road risk levels cannot be determined from only road surface damage data. The actual risk level of the road must be derived by considering both the road surface damage data as well as other factors such as speed. In this study, the road hazard index is proposed using smartphone-obtained pothole and traffic data to represent the level of risk due to road surface conditions. The relevant algorithm and its operating system are developed to produce the estimated index values that are classified into four levels of road risk. This road hazard index can assist road agencies in establishing road maintenance plans and budgets and will allow drivers to minimize the risk of accidents by adjusting their driving speeds in advance of dangerous road conditions. To demonstrate the proposed risk hazard assessment methodology, road hazards were assessed along specific test road sections based on observed pothole and historical travel speed data. It was found that the proposed methodology provides a rational method for improving traffic safety.
Design and Application of Genetic Algorithm Based on Signal Game and Newsboy Model for Optimizing Supply Chain
Authors: Zhao Yue , Shen Yang , Yan Jiaqi
Published: August 2021

Reasonable communication and cooperation between enterprises are helpful for the efficient operation of a supply chain. To explore the maximum utility of an entire supply chain, we propose a supplier-manufacturer-seller supply-chain game decision-making model. We use the model as the fitness function of a genetic algorithm that calculates the optimal solution and optimizes the total utility parameters. We analyze the theoretical and practical properties of the supply-chain optimization process and implement it in MATLAB, which provides quantitative support and useful references for making business decisions and optimally managing a supply chain.
A Novel Miniaturized Four-Ridged Horn Antenna with Enhanced Gain
Authors: Cao Yunqing , Wang Menglong , Sun Daoyuan , Shan Dan
Published: August 2021

Miniaturization of wideband antennas has attracted much attention for its wide application in modern society. This article proposes a novel broadband miniaturized four-ridged horn antenna (FRHA) with high gain operating from 2.6 to 8.4 GHz. By filling the FRHA with the epoxy-laminated glass cloth board, the side length of the aperture realizes 48% reduction comparing to a traditional ridged horn antenna. The cuboid-shaped polyethylene lens provides good impedance matching between the antenna and the air at low frequencies and decreases the aperture phase error at high frequencies, which optimizes the radiating characteristics in the whole operating band.
SuperH-Antimagic Total Covering for Generalized Antiprism and Toroidal Octagonal Map
Authors: Taimur Amir , Ali Gohar , Numan Muhammad , Aslam Adnan , Yannick Kraidi Anoh
Published: August 2021

LetGbe a graph andH⊆Gbe subgraph ofG. The graphGis said to bea,d-Hantimagic total graph if there exists a bijective functionf:VH∪EH⟶1,2,3,…,VH+EHsuch that, for all subgraphs isomorphic toH, the totalHweightsWH=WH=∑x∈VHfx+∑y∈EHfyforms an arithmetic sequencea,a+d,a+2d,…,a+n−1d, whereaanddare positive integers andnis the number of subgraphs isomorphic toH. Ana,d-Hantimagic total labelingfis said to be super if the vertex labels are from the set1,2,…,|VG. In this paper, we discuss supera,d-C3-antimagic total labeling for generalized antiprism and a supera,d-C8-antimagic total labeling for toroidal octagonal map.
Energy Conservation for 3D Tropical Climate Model in Periodic Domains
Authors: Zhang Hui
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we prove the energy conservation for the weak solutions of the 3D tropical climate model under some sufficient conditions. Our results are similar to Onsager’s conjecture which is on energy conservation for weak solutions of Euler equations.
Sarau Asas Abertas: memórias e resistência em forma de imagens visuais e de poemas
Authors: Heller Barbara , Martin Vima Lia de Rossi , Benaglia Anderson William Marzinhowsky , Barreiros Fernanda Mendes Soares
Published: August 2021

Analisamos, neste artigo, o livro Sarau Asas Abertas, coletânea de poemas de mulheres aprisionadas na Penitenciária Feminina da Capital (PFC), publicada em 2019 pelo Coletivo Poetas do Tietê. Contextualizamos o estado atual do sistema prisional brasileiro com dados concretos, fundamentais para a compreensão da condição das mulheres em situação de privação de liberdade. Com o suporte de autores que vão da literatura à memória social, identificamos estratégias de resistência à invisibilidade e ao silenciamento por meio de seus textos e das imagens visuais que compõem suas capas e contracapas. Chamamos atenção, ainda, para a importância de iniciativas que priorizam grupos sociais excluídos e estigmatizados nas e pelas mídias e sua contribuição para a problematização da memória pública.
The Sakharov-Medvedev Debate on Détente and Human Rights
Authors: Martin Barbara
Published: August 2021

This article examines the debate between Soviet dissidents Andrei Sakharov and Roy Medvedev in the 1970s concerning the Jackson-Vanik Amendment and détente. Although both dissidents stood for East-West détente and democratization of the Soviet system and believed in the possibility of a dialogue with Soviet leaders until 1970, they later diverged in their views about methods of action. As Sakharov lost faith in the possibility of influencing the Soviet regime headed by Leonid Brezhnev, he shifted to a more radical position, adopting the language of human rights and turning to Western politicians and public opinion as an audience for his calls. Sakharov's public embrace of the Jackson-Vanik Amendment was in line with his advocacy of freedom of emigration and his belief that the West should extract concessions in the field of human rights before granting trade benefits to the Soviet Union. Medvedev, by contrast, argued that the amendment was counterproductive insofar as it risked alienating Soviet leaders and triggering adverse results. He considered that détente should be encouraged for its own sake, with the hope that over time it would spur democratization in the country. Medvedev's argument had much in common with the West German leader Willy Brandt's notion of “change through rapprochement,” a concept invoked as a rationale for Brandt's Ostpolitik. Although Sakharov's position earned him the Nobel Peace Prize, the Helsinki Accords showed how détente could serve the cause of human rights even with the Cold War under way.
A new species of Telipogon (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) from the eastern Andes of Ecuador
Authors: ITURRALDE GABRIEL A. , SÁNCHEZ EDUARDO , MARTEL CARLOS , BAQUERO R. LUIS E.
Published: August 2021

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E2F3 drives the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell invasion, and metastasis in breast cancer
Authors: Jusino Shirley , Rivera-Rivera Yainyrette , Chardón-Colón Camille , Ruiz-Justiz Armando J , Vélez-Velázquez Jaleisha , Isidro Angel , Cruz-Robles Melanie E , Bonilla-Claudio Margarita , Armaiz-Pena Guillermo N , Saavedra Harold I
Published: August 2021

E2F3 is a transcription factor that may initiate tumorigenesis if overexpressed. Previously, we demonstrated that E2F3 mRNA is overexpressed in breast cancer and that E2F3 overexpression results in centrosome amplification and unregulated mitosis, which can promote aneuploidy and chromosome instability to initiate and sustain tumors. Further, we demonstrated that E2F3 leads to overexpression of the mitotic regulator Shugoshin-1, which until recently had unknown roles in cancer. This study aims to evaluate the roles of E2F3 and Shugoshin-1 in breast cancer metastatic potential. Here we demonstrated that E2F3 and Shugoshin-1 silencing leads to reduced cell invasion and migration in two mesenchymal triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and Hs578t). Moreover, E2F3 and Shugoshin-1 modulate the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-associated genes such as Snail, E-Cadherin, and multiple matrix metalloproteinases. Furthermore, E2F3 depletion leads to reductions in tumor growth and metastasis in NOD- scid Gamma mice. Results from this study suggest a key role for E2F3 and a novel role for Shugoshin-1 in metastatic progression. These results can further help in the improvement of TNBC targeted therapies by interfering with pathways that intersect with the E2F3 and Shugoshin-1 signaling pathways.
Motives for walking and cycling when commuting – differences in local contexts and attitudes
Authors: Ek Kristina , Wårell Linda , Andersson Linda
Published: August 2021

Background

The purpose of this study is to analyse what factors that explain individual differences in walking and cycling when commuting in different parts of Sweden. Walking and cycling is potentially accessible all over the country, while well developed public transport is mainly a viable option in densely populated areas.

Methodology

The importance of differences in local characteristics for the choice of transport mode will be scrutinised, together with individual differences in attitudes andpreferences. Data is collected through a survey sent to people living in five Swedish municipalities with different demographic, socio-economic ,infrastructural and geographical characteristics.

Results

The results for the pooled sample indicate that the choice to walk/cycle when commuting is related to health considerations and environmental concerns. Distance to work/school is also an important factor. Men tend to be more prone to choose active transport, and so do respondents with lower income. The results further reveal that availability of safe routes for walking and cycling are important for the choice to walk/cycle when commuting. As health considerations are important, we suggest policy makers to stress health motives when they promote walking and cycling in the future. Our results further suggest that it is important to consider availability and accessibility in community planning, and to prioritize safety and comfort of walking and cycling, not least in parts of the country where public transport is not an economically viable option.
Bone responsiveness to parathyroid hormone is negatively associated with parathyroid hormone-lowering drug use in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tominaga Naoto , Yonaha Tomoki , Yamanouchi Masayuki , Sumi Hirofumi , Taki Yasuhiro , Shibagaki Yugo , Shiizaki Kazuhiro , Yano Shozo
Published: August 2021

Background

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) acts on bone to indirectly increase the number and activity of osteoclasts. Thus, PTH has a stimulatory effect on bone resorption and upregulates bone turnover. However, the responsiveness of bone to PTH varies widely among patients receiving dialysis. In fact, relative to the serum PTH level, the level of serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRACP-5b), a bone resorption marker derived from osteoclasts, varies as well. This study aimed to examine factors related to bone responsiveness to PTH in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD).

Methods

This study included patients receiving chronic HD in Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital (Kanagawa, Japan) and Yonaha Medical Clinic (Okinawa, Japan) and excluded patients who received HD for less than 6 months, those who received a combination of HD and peritoneal dialysis, and those who had cancer bone metastases or myeloma. The TRACP-5b/intact PTH (iPTH) ratio was created as an index of bone responsiveness to PTH, categorized into tertiles (low, medium, and high), and a cross-sectional study was conducted. P < 0.05 indicated statistically significant differences.

Results

One hundred and six patients were analyzed. Age (P = 0.010), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.003), use of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) agonists (P = 0.008), use of vitamin D receptor activators (VDRAs) (P = 0.012), plasma iPTH level (P < 0.001), serum 1,25(OH)2D level (P = 0.003), and serum TRACP-5b level (P < 0.001) were significantly different among the three categories. In the single linear regression analysis, age (P = 0.016), corrected serum calcium level (P = 0.007), and ln [1,25(OH)2D] (P = 0.044) showed a significant positive correlation with ln [TRACP-5b/iPTH], whereas BMI (P = 0.026), use of CaSR agonists (P = 0.001), use of VDRAs (P = 0.009), and serum phosphorus level (P = 0.018) showed a significant negative correlation. Upon conducting multiple linear regression analysis incorporating significant variables in the single linear regression analysis, a significant negative correlation was observed between the TRACP-5b/iPTH ratio and intravenous administration of a CaSR agonist (etelcalcetide) and/or a VDRA (calcitriol or maxacalcitol) in all the adjusted models.

Conclusions

Bone responsiveness to PTH is negatively correlated with the intravenous administration of a CaSR agonist and/or a VDRA in patients undergoing chronic HD.