bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Riboflavin and ultraviolet light for pathogen reduction of murine cytomegalovirus in blood products
Authors: Keil Shawn D. , Saakadze Natia , Bowen Richard , Newman James L. , Karatela Sulaiman , Gordy Paul , Marschner Susanne , Roback John , Hillyer Christopher D.
Published: December 2014

Background

Two studies were performed to test the effectiveness of riboflavin and ultraviolet (UV) light treatment (Mirasol PRT, Terumo BCT) against murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). The first study utilized immune‐compromised mice to measure the reduction of cell‐free MCMV. A second study used a murine model to evaluate the ability of Mirasol PRT to prevent transfusion‐transmitted (TT)‐MCMV infection.

Study Design and Methods

Human plasma was inoculated with MCMV and then treated with Mirasol PRT. The viral titer was measured using an infectious dose 50% assay in nude mice. Mice were euthanized on Day 10 posttransfusion, and their spleens were tested for the presence of MCMV DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Mirasol PRT was also evaluated to determine its effectiveness in preventing TT‐MCMV in platelets (PLTs) stored in PLT additive solution. PLTs were inoculated with either cell‐associated MCMV or cell‐free MCMV and then treated with Mirasol PRT. Mice were transfused with treated or untreated product and were euthanized 14 days posttransfusion. Blood and spleens were assayed for MCMV DNA by real‐time‐PCR.

Results

Using nude mice to titer MCMV, a modest 2.1‐log reduction was observed in plasma products after Mirasol PRT treatment. TT‐MCMV was not observed in the mouse transfusion model when either cell‐free or cell‐associated MCMV was treated with Mirasol PRT; MCMV transmission was uniformly observed in mice transfused with untreated PLTs.

Conclusions

These results suggest that using riboflavin and UV light treatment may be able to reduce the occurrence of transmission of human CMV from infectious PLTs and plasma units.
Research as a veterinary career
Authors: Trees Sandy
Published: December 2014

Most students enter vet school wanting to do clinical work after graduation – to diagnose and cure ill‐health, prevent disease and improve animal welfare. However, as Sandy Trees explains, all of these can be achieved through a career in research
Boosting leadership skills
Authors: Hannigan Chloe
Published: December 2014

Royal Veterinary College student Chloe Hannigan was selected to join the Veterinary Leadership Experience in the USA in June. Here, she describes what the week involved
Getting experience on the hoof
Authors: Fenner Joy
Published: December 2014

Vet student Joy Fenner spent a week working with farrier Kevin Willard under a new initiative highlighting the importance of cooperation between vets and farriers
Ten‐minute chat
Authors: Kirkwood Rupert
Published: December 2014

Farm vet Rupert Kirkwood recently completed a 821‐mile circumnavigation of the West Country coastline by kayak, paddling up every inlet, estuary, creek, ditch, gulch and drain, and going into every cave.
Embarking on an internship
Authors: Stephenson Hannah
Published: December 2014

An internship can be the springboard from which to launch your career
Ten‐minute chat
Authors: Cleaveland Sarah
Published: December 2014

Sarah Cleaveland recently returned from east Africa, where she is supervising a research programme to investigate the impact and control of zoonotic diseases including rabies, and working on new projects in livestock health – a vaccination trial against malignant catarrhal fever and a study of endemic foot‐and‐mouth disease in Tanzania.
A vet at the races
Authors: Bowen Nick
Published: December 2014

Nick Bowen is one of the 13 British Horseracing Authority veterinary officers who help to protect the integrity of a sport they are passionate about
Working as a locum
Authors: Richardson Hugo
Published: December 2014

Hugo Richardson was keen to pursue a career in wildlife conservation and enrolled on a Masters in wild animal health. Locum work helped to support him during his studies, and he found that this style of working suited him while he waited for that elusive conservation project
Lectures in the living room
Authors: Chadwick Anthony
Published: December 2014

Webinars offer an opportunity for CPD in a live lecture format in the comfort of your own home, as Anthony Chadwick explains
Time to learn business
Authors: Gazzard Jim
Published: December 2014

Learning business concepts in a real veterinary context is part of Innovets – a new EMS experience for students at the Royal Veterinary College. Jim Gazzard explains
A fascination with pharma
Authors: Wells Peter
Published: December 2014

As a child in the 1950s, Peter Wells spent a lot of time in his father's pharmacy. His interest in the new medicines being developed for use in animals led him to a career in research and development
New graduate's diary
Authors: Hall Jen
Published: December 2014

Winter has arrived in Devon and the vets are busy on call. Jennifer Hall will be working over the Christmas weekend, and has already taken on some projects for 2012.
Ten‐minute chat
Authors: Driscoll Julie
Published: December 2014

Goddard Veterinary Group reached its own diamond jubilee during June 2012 and the staff celebrated with a cruise on the Thames the day before the Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant. During their cruise, 23 of the group's staff received long service awards, including head receptionist Julie Driscoll who has worked at the Wanstead Veterinary Hospital for over 33 years.
Seasonal dynamics within the neurons of the hippocampus in adult female Indian Ring neck Parrots (Psittaculakrameri) and Asian Koels (Eudynamysscolopaceus)
Authors: Singh Sippy , Singh Durgesh , Srivastava U.C.
Published: December 2014

In birds, a narrow strip of tissue found on the dorsomedial surface of the telencephalon and separated from the rest of the hemisphere by a ventricle is termed the hippocampal complex. Two neurohistological techniques, namely the cresyl-violet method and the Golgi–Colonnier technique, have been employed in the present study to observe seasonal dynamics within the neuronal classes of hippocampus in female Indian Ring neck Parrots (Psittacula krameri (Scopoli, 1769)) and Asian Koels (Eudynamys scolopaceus (L., 1758)). Hippocampus is known to play a central role in a variety of behaviors such as homing, visual discrimination, learning, and sexual behavior. Therefore, changes in sexual behavior during the breeding period contribute to plasticity in the hippocampus in terms of fluctuations in neuronal characteristics thereby helping the bird cope with changing conditions. A significant increase in dendritic thickness, neuronal spacing, spine morphology, and spine density were identified within the hippocampal neurons during the breeding period of the studied birds. This study establishes an overall account of seasonal dynamics occurring within the neurons of all fields of the hippocampus of birds in terms of increased dendritic thickness, spine density, spine morphology, and neuronal spacing thereby favoring the view that morphological fluctuations in neuronal characteristics during the breeding period are likely to have consequences for hippocampal neuronal function.
PROFIT ESTIMATION FOR A PRODUCT UNDER WARRANTY: AN EVALUATION BASED ON CUSTOMER'S EXPECTATION AND SATISFACTION
Authors: KAPUR P. K. , ANAND ADARSH , SACHDEVA NITIN
Published: December 2014

Performance of a product not as expected by the customer brings warranty expenditure into the picture. In other words, the deviation of the product performance (PP) from the customer expectation (CE) is the reason for customer complaints and warranty expenses. When this conflicting scenario occurs in market, warranty comes into existence and fulfilling warranty claims of customers adds to product's overall cost. In this paper, based on the difference between PP and CE about the product we estimate profit for the firm. Furthermore, factors like fixed cost, production cost and inventory cost have also been considered in framing the optimization problem. In the proposed model, a two-dimensional innovation diffusion model (TD-IDM) which combines the adoption time of technological diffusion and price of the product has been used. Classical Cobb–Douglas function that takes into account the technological adoptions and other dimensions explicitly has been used to structure the production function. The proposed model has been validated on real life data set.
Synthesis and Photo-Response of CuS Thin Films by an In Situ Multi-Deposition Process at Room Temperature: A Facile and Eco-Friendly Approach
Authors: Liu Weiyan , Ji Huiming , Wang Jian , Zheng Xuerong , Lai Junyun , Ji Junna , Li Tongfei , Ma Yuanliang , Li Haiqin , Zhao Suqin , Jin Zhengguo
Published: December 2014

Uniform hexagonal covellite CuS thin films were deposited at room temperature by an in situ solution chemical reaction using copper precursor solid films as cationic source and ammonium sulfide ethanol solution as anionic reaction medium. We investigated the influence of both ethanolamine and butanol contents used in copper nitrate/ethylene glycol monomethylether (EGME) cationic solution for the preparation of copper precursor solid films, deposition cycle numbers and annealing treatment of the as-grown thin films by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FESEM, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence EDX, transmission electron microscopy–Selected area electronic diffraction (TEM–SAED), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-Vis–NIR) measurements. Photo-response of the CuS thin films was characterized by linear sweep voltammetry. The deposited CuS thin films were used to sensitize TiO 2 anodes for solar cell application. The results showed that the CuS films had two-dimension oriented, half-sheet shaped growing morphology standing disorderly but vertically to substrates, and the calculated texture coefficient TC(102) verified that the half-sheet shaped crystallites had (102) plane orientation. This in situ multi-deposition process had an average deposited rate of 9 nm per cycle, and a self-perfect function to grow smooth, uniform and 2D oriented morphology with increase in the dip-cycle numbers. The photocurrent density was 14.5 Ma/cm2 at 1 V versus Ag / AgCl electrode for the annealed CuS thin films. CuS -sensitized TiO 2 solar cells had a maximum conversion efficiency of 0.224%.
FAST METHODS FOR LARGE-SCALE NON-ELLIPTICAL PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION
Authors: PAOLELLA MARC S.
Published: December 2014

Simple, fast methods for modeling the portfolio distribution corresponding to a non-elliptical, leptokurtic, asymmetric, and conditionally heteroskedastic set of asset returns are entertained. Portfolio optimization via simulation is demonstrated, and its benefits are discussed. An augmented mixture of normals model is shown to be superior to both standard (no short selling) Markowitz and the equally weighted portfolio in terms of out of sample returns and Sharpe ratio performance.
Application of Short-Range LIDAR in Early Alerting for Low-Level Windshear and Turbulence at Hong Kong International Airport
Authors: Hon K. K. , Chan P. W. , Chiu Y. Y. , Tang Wenbo
Published: December 2014

Hong Kong Observatory currently uses a series of meteorological instruments, including long-range LIDAR (light detection and ranging) systems, to provide alerting services of low-level windshear and turbulence for Hong Kong International Airport. For some events that are smaller in spatial dimensions and are rapidly changing, such as low altitude windshear and turbulence associated with buildings or man-made structures, it would be necessary to involve meteorological instruments that offer greater spatial resolution. Therefore, the Observatory has set up a short-range LIDAR on the roof of the AsiaWorld-Expo during the summers over the past several years, conducting field research on the feasibility of strengthening early alerting for windshear and turbulence over the north runway’s eastern arrival runway (Runway 25RA) and developing an automated early alerting algorithm. This paper takes the pilot reports for Runway 25RA during the 2013 field research as verification samples, using different thresholds for radial wind velocity spatial and temporal changes detected by the short-range LIDAR to calculate the relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and analyzes its early alerting performance.
Potential Effects of the Loss of Native Grasses on Grassland Invertebrate Diversity in Southeastern Australia
Authors: Clay Roger Edgcumbe
Published: December 2014

Reduction in area of the southeastern temperate grasslands of Australia since European settlement has been accompanied by degradation of remaining remnants by various factors, including the replacement of native plant species by introduced ones. There are suggestions that these replacements have had deleterious effects on the invertebrate grassland community, but there is little evidence to support these suggestions. In the eastern Adelaide Hills of South Australia, four grassland invertebrate sampling areas, in close proximity, were chosen to be as similar as possible except for the visible amount of native grass they contained. Sample areas were surveyed in four periods (summer, winter, spring, and a repeat summer) using pitfall traps and sweep-netting. A vegetation cover survey was conducted in spring. Morphospecies richness and Fisher’s alpha were compared and showed significant differences between sample areas, mainly in the summer periods. Regression analyses between morphospecies richness and various features of the groundcover/surface showed a strong positive and logical association between native grass cover and morphospecies richness. Two other associations with richness were less strong and lacked a logical explanation. If the suggested direct effect of native grass cover on invertebrate diversity is true, it has serious implications for the conservation of invertebrate biodiversity.
A Simulated Discrete-Event and Queuing Model to Reduce Transfers from the Emergency Department and to Optimize Hospital Bed Management
Authors: Wargon M. , Taright N. , Casalino E. , Pateron D. , Guidet B.
Published: December 2014

Objectives. Emergency departments (EDs) and elective hospitalizations compete for beds. Our aim was to reduce hospital transfers using a queuing-model study. Methods. Macros were created to simulate four priority groups of patients according to hospitalization mode (elective, ED) and age (≥75 and <75 years), with randomization of number of admissions and length of stay (LOS). Those priorities were assigned regarding usual situations (ED admission with less priority than scheduled admission) not regarding clinical contexts. Simulations were based on actual data from an academic hospital. Models simulated ED boarder queue according to different scenarios based on number of hospital beds, LOS, and preventable hospitalizations. Results. Observed hospital-LOS was longer for patients ≥75 years (12.2 ± 3.6 days versus 11.4 ± 3.8 days; P<0.01) and for ED admissions (12.2 ± 0.6 versus 9.7 ± 0.6 days; P<0.01). In simulation models, two scenarios stabilized the beds demand after admissions: limitation of LOS to 30 days or 20% decrease in elective admissions among older patients. With these scenarios, the queue would be 25.2 patients for 361 beds (+2%) and 16.7 patients for 354 beds. Conclusions. Queuing models offer an interesting approach to bed management. A significant reduction in ED transfers is feasible, by limiting LOS to <30 days or by reducing elective hospitalizations of patients by 20%.
Causal Attribution and Illness Perception: A Cross-Sectional Study in Mexican Patients with Psychosis
Authors: Gómez-de-Regil Lizzette
Published: December 2014

Health psychology researchers have begun to focus greater attention on people’s beliefs about health/illness since these beliefs can clearly affect behavior. This cross-sectional study aimed at (1) identifying the most common factors psychotic patients attribute their illness to and (2) assessing the association between causal attribution and illness perception (cognitive, emotional, and comprehensibility dimensions). Sixty-two patients (56.5% females) who had been treated for psychosis at a public psychiatric hospital in Mexico answered the Angermeyer and Klusmann Illness Attribution Scale and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Results showed that most patients attributed psychosis onset to social factors and that attribution to their personality might have an overwhelmingly negative effect on their lives. Acknowledging psychotic patient attributional beliefs and considering them in clinical practice could improve treatment efficacy and overall recovery success. This is particularly important in psychosis, since symptoms are often severe and/or persistent and require long-term treatment.
Brief Exposure to Aversive Stimuli Impairs Visual Selective Attention
Authors: Paczynski Martin , Burton Adam M. , Jha Amishi P.
Published: December 2014

Although it is well established that stress can disrupt complex cognitive functions, relatively little is known about how it influences visual processing, especially in terms of visual selective attention. In the current study, we used highly aversive images, taken from the International Affective Picture System, to induce acute, low-intensity stress while participants performed a visual discrimination task. Consistent with prior research, we found that anticipation of aversive stimuli increased overall amplitude of the N170, suggesting an increase in early sensory gain. More importantly, we found that stress disrupted visual selective attention. While in no-stress blocks, the amplitude of the face-sensitive N170 was higher when participants attended to faces rather than scenes in face–scene overlay images; this effect was absent under stress. This was because of an increase in N170 amplitude in the scene-attend condition under stress. We interpret these findings as suggesting that even low-intensity acute stress can impair participants' ability to filter out task-irrelevant information. We discuss our findings in relation to how even brief exposure to low-intensity stress may adversely impact both healthy and clinical populations.
Conservation status of United States tiger beetles
Authors: Knisley C. Barry , Kippenhan Mike , Brzoska David
Published: December 2014

This study evaluates the conservation status of all of the United States species and subspecies of tiger beetles on the basis of the published literature, unpublished reports, museum and private collections, our personal field work and contact with collectors. We provide a brief summary of the status of the four species already listed and the two candidates for listing by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We indicate three taxa believed to be extinct and evaluate 62 others that we deem sufficiently rare to be considered for listing as endangered or threatened. We used a 1, 2, 3 grading system that is generally comparable to the terminology of critically imperiled, imperiled, and vulnerable designations, respectively, used in NatureServe Explorer. Fifty-two of these taxa are from the western states and Texas and most of them are named subspecies with extremely limited distributions and habitats. We assigned seven taxa a 1+ grade, our highest level of rarity and/or threats; of these there is presently sufficient information available to consider two of them-- Cicindelidia floridana Cartwright and Cicindela tranquebarica joaquinensis Knisley and Haines-- as the U. S. forms most in danger of extinction. Future prospects for conservation and listing of tiger beetles seem bleak because of the limited budget and personnel available for Endangered Species in the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the current economic and political climate in the United States.
‘PUBLIC JUSTICE’ AS A CRITICAL POLITICAL NORM
Authors: Chaplin Jonathan
Published: December 2014

'Public justice’ is one of the most widely-invoked of the many distinctive terms coined by Herman Dooyeweerd but, strangely, one of the least well analysed. Dooyeewerd holds that that the identity of the state is defined by a single, integrating and directing norm, the establishment of ‘public justice’. Elaborating the implications of this claim has occupied much neo-Calvinist political reflection and guided much political action inspired by that movement. Yet surprisingly little sustained theoretical reflection has been devoted in recent times to examining its inner meaning and coherence. This article offers some preliminary groundwork necessary to that theoretical project. The first part presents a close reading of Dooyeweerd’s account of public justice, identifies ambiguities and inconsistencies in that account, and suggests a reconstruction displaying its wide-ranging dynamic thrust more prominently. The second part identifies two substantial challenges confronting this account: its relative neglect of processes of democratic deliberation and advocacy, and its underdeveloped critical potentials.
Jonathan L. Kvanvig (ed.), Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Religion, Volume I. Oxford 2008: Oxford University Press. viii + 272 pages. ISBN 9780199542666.
Authors: de Ridder J.
Published: December 2014

Abraham P. Bos and Rein Ferwerda, Aristotle, On the Life-Bearing Spirit (De Spiritu). A Discussion with Plato and his Predecessors on Pneuma as the Instrumental Body of the Soul (G. Groenewoud) Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski, The Philosophy of Religion: An Historical Introduction (A. Vroom) Jonathan L. Kvanvig (ed.), Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Religion (J. de Ridder) Lambert Zuidervaart, Social Philosophy after Adorno (R. Hayward)
“JACOB KLAPWIJK’S INVITATION: COME TO THE PARTY!” – INTRODUCTION BY GUEST-EDITOR
Authors: Wearne Bruce C.
Published: December 2014

As it turns out, the publication of this collection of essays considering Jacob Klapwijk’s 2008 work, Purpose in the Living World? Creation and Emergent Evolution, takes place in this 75th year of the Association for Reformational Philosophy. What is contained in this volume are the contributions by the various authors to this Jubilee celebration. As Editor, I am the “luckie felowe”1 with the pleasant task of introducing this collection of articles. They have been written during 2010 in response to this important publication of an esteemed “elder” of the Association for Reformational Philosophy.
From ‘after the fact’ objective analyses to immediate ‘before the fact’ living meanings
Authors: Shotter John
Published: December 2014

The worlds of therapeutic interactions, and especially the worlds of our everyday social exchanges, as portrayed in the conceptualizations and theories proposed in research papers, are in fact very different from the worlds within which we all actually live our everyday lives. This is not because I think the conceptualizations and theories offered are in fact inadequate, but because as identifiable and nameable causal process they can only be seen as having been at work in people’s activities after they have been performed. ‘Something else’ altogether is guiding people in the performance of their actions than the nameable things whose nature we seek to discover in our inquiries, something in their relations to the larger circumstances of their involvements with the others and othernesses around them, rather than merely in their actions and utterances exclusively. Conceptualizations relate to observed events after the fact of their occurrence, whereas, much occurs in the experience of participants before the fact of their happening.
The challenges of visually representing poverty for international non-government organisation communication managers in New Zealand
Authors: Thompson Briar , Weaver C Kay
Published: December 2014

This article explores the role played by local communication managers in how poverty is represented by four international non-government organisations (INGOs) operating in New Zealand. A critical-interpretative study, it examines how communication managers make decisions around what and how images should depict poverty in fundraising campaigns. The findings demonstrate how INGO communication managers are implicated in the highly simplistic social construction of ‘ideal victims’ of poverty, a typical Western representation which fails to communicate complex structural understandings of poverty, its causes, possible solutions, and the contexts in which it occurs. Communication managers explain that lack of resources and media logics, as well as the imperative to solicit donations, play a large part in determining how they visually depict poverty. Yet their own tacit and professional beliefs about the type of imagery which motivates donors are also highly complicit in image selection. The study identifies the considerable challenges that INGOs face in recognising their obligation to an ethics of care towards those who they represent in fundraising campaigns to alleviate poverty.
Capital and Knowledge: Integrating Arrow’s Learning-by-Doing, the Walrasian Equilibrium Theory and Neoclassical Growth Theory
Authors: Zhang Wei-Bin
Published: December 2014

This article proposes a neoclassical growth model with endogenous capital accumulation and knowledge creation. The model integrates Arrow’s learning by doing, Uzawa’s two-sector growth model and Walrasian general equilibrium theory. We use a utility function, which determines leisure time, saving and consumption with utility optimization without leading to a higher dimensional dynamic system like the Ramsey approach. The dynamics of J-household economy is described by a (  J + 1)-dimensional differential equations system. We simulate the motion of the model and demonstrate transitional and long-term effects of changes in the propensity to save, the propensity to use leisure time, the population, the learning-by-doing efficiency and knowledge utilization efficiency. The comparative dynamic analysis provides some insights into issues related to inequality and growth.

JEL Classification: D51, D31, O41, E13
Mapping of single-copy genes by TSA-FISH in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella
Authors: Carabajal Paladino Leonela Z , Nguyen Petr , Šíchová Jindra , Marec František
Published: December 2014

Background

We work on the development of transgenic sexing strains in the codling moth,Cydia pomonella(Tortricidae), which would enable to produce male-only progeny for the population control of this pest using sterile insect technique (SIT). To facilitate this research, we have developed a number of cytogenetic and molecular tools, including a physical map of the codling moth Z chromosome using BAC-FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization with bacterial artificial chromosome probes). However, chromosomal localization of unique, single-copy sequences such as a transgene cassette by conventional FISH remains challenging. In this study, we adapted a FISH protocol with tyramide signal amplification (TSA-FISH) for detection of single-copy genes in Lepidoptera. We tested the protocol with probes prepared from partial sequences of Z-linked genes in the codling moth.

Results

Using a modified TSA-FISH protocol we successfully mapped a partial sequence of theAcetylcholinesterase 1(Ace-1) gene to the Z chromosome and confirmed thus its Z-linkage. A subsequent combination of BAC-FISH with BAC probes containing anticipated neighbouring Z-linked genes and TSA-FISH with theAce-1probe allowed the integration ofAce-1in the physical map of the codling moth Z chromosome. We also developed a two-colour TSA-FISH protocol which enabled us simultaneous localization of two Z-linked genes,Ace-1andNotch, to the expected regions of the Z chromosome.

Conclusions

We showed that TSA-FISH represents a reliable technique for physical mapping of genes on chromosomes of moths and butterflies. Our results suggest that this technique can be combined with BAC-FISH and in the future used for physical localization of transgene cassettes on chromosomes of transgenic lines in the codling moth or other lepidopteran species. Furthermore, the developed protocol for two-colour TSA-FISH might become a powerful tool for synteny mapping in non-model organisms.
Development and evaluation of male-only strains of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina
Authors: Scott Maxwell J
Published: December 2014

The Australian sheep blowflyLucilia cuprina(Wiedemann) is a major pest of sheep in Australia and New Zealand. From the 1960s to the 1980s there was a major effort to develop "field female killing" or FFK strains ofL. cuprinathat could be used for a cost-effective genetic control program. The FFK strains carried eye color mutations that were lethal to females in the field but not under conditions in the mass rearing facility. Males did not die in the field as normal copies of the eye color genes had been translocated to the Y chromosome and an autosome. Although the FFK strains showed some promise in field tests, a genetic control program in mainland Australia was never implemented for several reasons including instability of the FFK strains during mass rearing. A stable transgenic strain ofL. cuprinathat carried one or more dominant repressible female lethal genes offered the potential for efficient genetic control of blowfly populations. Here I review our research on tetracycline-repressible female lethal genetic systems,Luciliagerm-line transformation and sex determination genes that ultimately led to the successful development of transgenic "male-only" strains ofL. cuprina. The technology developed forL. cuprinashould be directly transferable to other blowfly livestock pests includingL. sericataand the New World and Old World screwworm. 29
Subtractive and differential hybridization molecular analyses of Ceratitis capitata XX/XY versus XX embryos to search for male-specific early transcribed genes
Authors: Salvemini Marco , D'Amato Rocco , Petrella Valeria , Ippolito Domenica , Ventre Giuseppe , Zhang Ying , Saccone Giuseppe
Published: December 2014

The agricultural pest Ceratitis capitata, also known as the Mediterranean fruit fly or Medfly, is a fruit crop pest of very high economic relevance in different continents. The strategy to separate Ceratitis males from females (sexing) in mass rearing facilities is a useful step before the sterilization and release of male-only flies in Sterile Insect Technique control programs (SIT). The identification of genes having early embryonic male-specific expression, including Y-linked genes, such as the Maleness factor, could help to design novel and improved methods of sexing in combination with transgenesis, aiming to confer conditional female-specific lethality or female-to-male sexual reversal.

We used a combination of Suppression Subtractive Hybrydization (SSH), Mirror Orientation Selection (MOS) and differential screening hybridization (DSH) techniques to approach the problem of isolating corresponding mRNAs expressed in XX/XY embryos versus XX-only embryos during a narrow developmental window (8-10 hours after egg laying, AEL ). Here we describe a novel strategy we have conceived to obtain relatively large amounts of XX-only embryos staged at 8-10 h AEL and so to extract few micrograms of polyA+ required to apply the complex technical procedure. The combination of these 3 techniques led to the identification of a Y-linked putative gene, CcGm2, sharing high sequence identity to a paralogous gene, CcGm1, localized either on an autosome or on the X chromosome.

We propose that CcGm2 is a first interesting putative Y-linked gene which could play a role in sex determination. The function exterted by this gene should be investigated by novel genetic tools, such as CRISPR-CAS9, which will permit to target only the Y-linked paralogue, avoiding to interfere with the autosomal or X-linked paralogue function.
Dynamics of a two-dimensional competitive system of rational difference equations with quadratic terms
Authors: Hadžiabdić Vahidin , Kulenović Mustafa RS , Pilav Esmir
Published: December 2014

We investigate global dynamics of the following systems of difference equations:

{

x

n
+
1

=

b
1

x
n
2

A
1

+

y
n
2

,

y

n
+
1

=

a
2

+

c
2

y
n
2

x
n
2

,

n
=
0
,
1
,
2
,
…
,

where the parameters

b
1

,

a
2

,

A
1

,

c
2

are positive numbers and the initial condition

y
0

is an arbitrary nonnegative number and

x
0

is a positive number. We show that this system has rich dynamics which depends on the part of a parametric space. We find precisely the basins of attraction of all attractors including the points at ∞.

MSC:39A10, 39A30, 37E99, 37D10.
The significance of macrophage phenotype in cancer and biomaterials
Authors: Bygd Hannah C , Forsmark Kiva D , Bratlie Kaitlin M
Published: December 2014

Macrophages have long been known to exhibit heterogeneous and plastic phenotypes. They show functional diversity with roles in homeostasis, tissue repair, immunity and disease. There exists a spectrum of macrophage phenotypes with varied effector functions, molecular determinants, cytokine and chemokine profiles, as well as receptor expression. In tumor microenvironments, the subset of macrophages known as tumor‐associated macrophages generates byproducts that enhance tumor growth and angiogenesis, making them attractive targets for anti‐cancer therapeutics. With respect to wound healing and the foreign body response, there is a necessity for balance between pro‐inflammatory, wound healing, and regulatory macrophages in order to achieve successful implantation of a scaffold for tissue engineering. In this review, we discuss the multitude of ways macrophages are known to be important in cancer therapies and implanted biomaterials.
The Canadian contribution to the otolaryngology literature: A five year bibliometric analysis
Authors: Gurberg Joshua , Lin June RJ , Akbari Elaheh , White Paul , Nunez Desmond A
Published: December 2014

Objectives

To assess the 2008-2012 Canadian contribution to the Otolaryngology literature.

Methods

All articles published from January 2008 - December 2012 in 5 Otolaryngology journals were reviewed. Nationality, number of authors, and study type were extracted. The output, number of authors, and study type of Canadian papers were compared to International papers using Mantel-Haenszel Common Odds Ratio Estimate, Pearson's Chi-Squared or Fishers exact tests.

Results

4519 papers were analyzed. There was a statistically significant decrease in Canadian authored papers from 12.8% in 2008-9 to 10.2% in 2011-12 (Fishers exact, p = .01). Multi-authorship increased in Canadian papers (χ2, p = .01). The types of studies published by Canadian Otolaryngologists did not change over the study period.

Conclusions

Canadian authored papers in a sample of Otolaryngology journals decreased from 2008 to 2012. The increase in multiauthorship, whilst indicating increasing collaboration, suggests reduced per capita publication productivity. These findings warrant further study.
Influences of partial components in firefighters’ personal protective equipment on subjective perception
Authors: Kim Siyeon , Jang Young Joon , Baek Yoon Jeong , Lee Joo-Young
Published: December 2014

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influences of partial components of firefighters’ personal protective equipment (PPE) on subjective perception during exercise and recovery at 28°C, 40% RH. Eight firefighters participated in eight conditions consisting of various combinations of PPE components weighing from 7.8 to 14.9 kg (fully equipped with all PPE, FullPPE; FullPPE without a self-contained breathing apparatus, NoSCBA; FullPPE without a helmet, NoHelmet; FullPPE without gloves, NoGloves; FullPPE without boots, NoBoots; Full PPE without bunker jacket or pants, NoJP; Not equipped with a helmet, gloves, boots, or breathing apparatus, NoHGBS and Control (1.1 kg; wearing shorts, long-sleeved shirts and long pants)). The results showed: 1) Alleviation of subjectively perceived strain was significantly greater in NoJP during both exercise and recovery than NoHelmet and Nogloves, while the NoJP showed no significant difference with NoBoots and NoHGBS. 2) NoBoots was significantly effective in relieving physiological thermal burden rather than in psychological strain. 3) Exposing the hands and feet affected the local thermal sensation and sweat sensation of the hands and feet, respectively, while exposing the head did not affect local head thermal sensation and sweat sensation. 4) The relationship between clothing microclimate humidity and sweat sensation showed a logarithmic function. The present study indicate that weight loss in boots alleviated physiological strain during exercise, whereas after exercise, doffing jacket and taking off gloves, boots, and helmet simultaneously were both most effective way to relieve thermal strain quickly.
Addressing Health Disparities in the Undergraduate Curriculum: An Approach to Develop a Knowledgeable Biomedical Workforce
Authors: Benabentos Rocio , Ray Payal , Kumar Deepak
Published: December 2014

Disparities in health and healthcare are a major concern in the United States and worldwide. Approaches to alleviate these disparities must be multifaceted and should include initiatives that touch upon the diverse areas that influence the healthcare system. Developing a strong biomedical workforce with an awareness of the issues concerning health disparities is crucial for addressing this issue. Establishing undergraduate health disparities courses that are accessible to undergraduate students in the life sciences is necessary to increase students’ understanding and awareness of these issues and motivate them to address these disparities during their careers. The majority of universities do not include courses related to health disparities in their curricula, and only a few universities manage them from their life sciences departments. The figures are especially low for minority-serving institutions, which serve students from communities disproportionally affected by health disparities. Universities should consider several possible approaches to infuse their undergraduate curricula with health disparities courses or activities. Eliminating health disparities will require efforts from diverse stakeholders. Undergraduate institutions can play an important role in developing an aware biomedical workforce and helping to close the gap in health outcomes.
A Campus-Wide Study of STEM Courses: New Perspectives on Teaching Practices and Perceptions
Authors: Smith Michelle K. , Vinson Erin L. , Smith Jeremy A. , Lewin Justin D. , Stetzer MacKenzie R.
Published: December 2014

At the University of Maine, middle and high school science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) teachers observed 51 STEM courses across 13 different departments and collected information on the active-engagement nature of instruction. The results of these observations show that faculty members teaching STEM courses cannot simply be classified into two groups, traditional lecturers or instructors who teach in a highly interactive manner, but instead exhibit a continuum of instructional behaviors between these two classifications. In addition, the observation data reveal that student behavior differs greatly in classes with varied levels of lecture. Although faculty members who teach large-enrollment courses are more likely to lecture, we also identified instructors of several large courses using interactive teaching methods. Observed faculty members were also asked to complete a survey about how often they use specific teaching practices, and we find that faculty members are generally self-aware of their own practices. Taken together, these findings provide comprehensive information about the range of STEM teaching practices at a campus-wide level and how such information can be used to design targeted professional development for faculty.
Why are job stressors relevant for psychiatry?
Authors: Savić Čedo , Belkić Karen
Published: December 2014

Work-related mental health disorders are a major public health problem. Consequently, psychiatrists encounter many patients whose clinical state is profoundly affected by work conditions. Psychiatrists therefore, need training in occupational/stress medicine. This would help integrate health services for these patients, aimed at preservation of work fitness and mental health.
A Transgender Poetics of the High Line Park
Authors: Crawford Lucas
Published: December 2014

This hybrid poetic-critical text theorizes New York City's High Line park—both its design and its reception in popular culture—as potential material for transgender poiesis, or creation.
Alarma!
Authors: Cervantes Susana Vargas
Published: December 2014

In this essay, I analyze representative photographs of mujercitos' posing for Alarma!, contextualizing them through their labor as sex workers within the pigmentocratic system of Mexico. I read their gender performance as reflecting their desire to access class privilege, which in Mexico is inseparable from skin tonality. I argue that the photographs of mujercitos point to processes of subjectivation different from those outlined in prominent theories of performative gender/sex developed in Anglo North America, specifically the early work of Judith Butler.
Prevalence of a soft-tissue lesion after small head metal-on-metal total hip replacement: 13- to 19-year follow-up study
Authors: Hwang K. T. , Kim Y. H. , Kim Y. S. , Ryu J. A.
Published: December 2014

We investigated the incidence of soft-tissue lesions after small head metal-on-metal total hip replacement (MoM THR). Between December 1993 and May 1999, 149 patients (195 hips) underwent primary cementless MoM THR.

During the follow-up period, three patients (five THRs) died and eight patients (14 THRs) were lost to follow-up. We requested that all patients undergo CT evaluation. After exclusion of five patients (six THRs) who had undergone a revision procedure, and 22 (28 THRs) who were unwilling to take part in this study, 111 patients (142 THRs) were evaluated. There were 63 men (88 THRs) and 48 women (54 THRs) with a mean age of 45.7 years (37 to 56) at the time of surgery. The mean follow-up was 15.4 years (13 to 19). A soft-tissue lesion was defined as an abnormal peri-prosthetic collection of fluid, solid lesion or asymmetrical soft-tissue mass.

At final follow-up, soft-tissue lesions were found in relation to 28 THRs (19.7%), including 25 solid and three cystic lesions. They were found in 20 men and eight women; 26 lesions were asymptomatic and two were symptomatic. The mean maximal diameter of the soft-tissue lesion was 42.3 mm (17 to 135). The relatively high rate of soft-tissue lesions observed with small head MoM THR remains a concern.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1594–9.
The shape of the distal femur
Authors: Monk A. P. , Choji K. , O’Connor J. J. , Goodfellow† J. W. , Murray D. W.
Published: December 2014

We scanned 25 left knees in healthy human subjects using MRI. Multiplanar reconstruction software was used to take measurements of the inferior and posterior facets of the femoral condyles and the trochlea.

A ‘basic circle’ can be defined which, in the sagittal plane, fits the posterior and inferior facets of the lateral condyle, the posterior facet of the medial condyle and the floor of the groove of the trochlea. It also approximately fits both condyles in the coronal plane (inferior facets) and the axial plane (posterior facets). The circle fitting the inferior facet of the medial condyle in the sagittal plane was consistently 35% larger than the other circles and was termed the ‘medial inferior circle’. There were strong correlations between the radii of the circles, the relative positions of the centres of the condyles, the width of the condyles, the total knee width and skeletal measurements including height. There was poor correlation between the radii of the circles and the position of the trochlea relative to the condyles.

In summary, the condyles are approximately spherical except for the inferior facet medially, which has a larger radius in the sagittal plane. The size and position of the condyles are consistent and change with the size of the person. However, the position of the trochlea is variable even though its radius is similar to that of the condyles. This information has implications for understanding anterior knee pain and for the design of knee replacements.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1623–30.
Corrigenda
Authors: Haddad F. S.
Published: December 2014

Amin A, Watson A, Mangwani J, Nawabi DH, Ahluwalia R, Loeffler M. A prospective randomised controlled trial of autologous retransfusion in total knee replacement. Bone Joint J 2008;90-B:451–454.
Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis of Mudstones in the Upper Miocene Mustafapaşa Member of the Ürgüp Formation in the Cappadocia Region, Central Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Külah Tacit , Kadir Selahattin , Gürel Ali , Eren Muhsin , Önalgil Nergis
Published: December 2014

The Upper Miocene Mustafapas-a member of the Ürgüp Formation in the Cappadocia region consists predominantly of mudstones, sandstone, and conglomerate lenses with ignimbrite and basalt intercalations. The mudstones are an important source of raw materials for the ceramics industry in Turkey. A detailed mineralogical, geochemical, and genesis study of these materials has not been performed previously and the present study aims to fill that gap. The characteristics of mudstones of the Mustafapas-a member were examined using X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and chemical analyses. Weathering products of ophiolitic and pyroclastic rocks were transported into the tectonically subsided zone where they accumulated as fluvial and lacustrine deposits.Weathering in the mudstones is evidenced by smectite flakes associated with relict pyroxene, rod-like amphibole, feldspar, and volcanic glass. The chemical composition of mudstones and their distribution suggest that the depositional basin was supplied with ophiolitic material in the south and ignimbrite material in the north. This interpretation is based on an increase in the quantity of feldspar and opal-A and a decrease in the Fe2O3+MgO/Al2O3+SiO2 ratio from south to north in the study area. The northward increases in Light Rare Earth Elements/Heavy Rare Earth Elements, La/Yb, Zr/Ni and Zr/Co ratios and Nb, Ba, Rb, Sr, and Eu in the mudstones of the Mustafapas-a member with positive Eu anomalies suggest that the Fe, Mg, Al, and Si required to form smectite were supplied mainly through the decomposition of amphiboles, pyroxenes, feldspars, and volcanic glass during weathering processes. After the deposition of mudstones, relative increases in evaporation-controlled Ca, K, and Al in pore water favored the partial dissolution of Ca-bearing minerals and smectite flakes and in situ precipitation of calcite and traces of illite fibers under alkaline micro-environmental conditions during early diagenesis.
Mineralogical Characterization of Ni-Bearing Smectites from Niquelândia, Brazil
Authors: Mano Eliana Satiko , Caner Laurent , Petit Sabine , Chaves Arthur Pinto , Mexias André Sampaio
Published: December 2014

Nickel-lateritic ore is the most common source of nickel in Brazil. The Niquelândia deposit, located in State of Goias, is one of the most famous deposits due to the large amounts of nickel associated with both oxidized and mainly silicated ores. The terms oxidized and silicated ores are used to specify two different ores formed exclusively by oxides and silicate (clay) minerals, respectively. The aim of the present study was to characterize thoroughly the silicated ore to identify the Ni-bearing clay minerals and their crystal chemistry in support of developing a better mineral-processing method or optimizing the current one to improve Ni recoveries. X-ray diffraction, chemical analyses, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy demonstrated that nickel is associated with Ni-rich stevensite and to a lesser extent with Fe-rich montmorillonite. The crystal chemistry performed by FTIR spectroscopy revealed that Ni is present in the octahedral positions, substituting for Mg or Fe, which results in significant chemical and layer-charge heterogeneity in the samples. This heterogeneity seems to be responsible for reduction in Ni recoveries during the hydrometallurgical process.