bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Centuries of intense surface melt on Larsen C Ice Shelf
Authors: Bevan Suzanne , Luckman Adrian , Hubbard Bryn , Kulessa Bernd , Ashmore David , Kuipers Munneke Peter , O'Leary Martin , Booth Adam , Sevestre Heidi , McGrath Daniel
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Following a southward progression of ice-shelf disintegration along the Antarctic Peninsula, Larsen C Ice Shelf is the focus of ongoing investigation regarding its future stability. The ice shelf is known to be experience surface melt, and commonly features surface meltwater ponds. Here, we use a flowline model and a firn density model to date and interpret observations of melt-affected ice layers found within five 90 m boreholes distributed across the ice shelf. We find that units of ice within the boreholes, which have densities exceeding those expected under normal compaction metamorphism, correspond to two climatic warm periods within the last 300 years on the Antarctic Peninsula. The more recent warm period, from the 1960s onwards, has generated distinct sections of dense ice in two boreholes in Cabinet Inlet, close to the Antarctic Peninsula mountains – a region currently affected by föhn winds. Previous work has classified these layers as refrozen pond ice, requiring large quantities of mobile liquid water to form. Our flowline model shows that, whilst preconditioning of the ice began in the late 1960s, it was probably not until the early 1990s that twentieth-century ponding began. The earlier warm period occurred during the 18th century and resulted in two additional sections of anomalously dense ice deep within the boreholes. The first, in one of the Cabinet Inlet boreholes, consists of ice characteristic of refrozen ponds and must have formed in an area currently featuring ponding. The second, in a mid-shelf borehole, formed at the same time in an area which now experiences significant annual melt. Further south on the shelf, the boreholes sample ice that is of an equivalent age but which does not exhibit the same degree of melt influence. This west–east and north–south gradient in past melt distribution resembles current spatial patterns of surface melt intensity. Using flowlines to trace the advection and submergence of continental ice identified in boreholes, we demonstrate that, even by the time the ice reaches the calving front, only the upper 40 to 50 % of the shelf is composed of meteoric ice accumulated on the shelf. This vertical composition implies that basal crevasses must be confined within continental and/or basally accreted ice, and therefore will be unaffected by current climate-induced firn compaction.
Incidencia de la crisis económica en alumnado de educación primaria
Authors: García-Gómez Soledad , Cabanillas López Marta
Published: May 2017

Este artículo presenta los principales resultados de un estudio desarrollado en un colegio público acerca de cómo afecta la crisis económica al alumnado de educación primaria. Los alarmantes datos que los informes de distintos organismos están publicando sobre el aumento de la pobreza en España nos han llevado a cuestionarnos cómo está afectando realmente la crisis económica a las niñas y a los niños. Aun son escasos los estudios centrados en las consecuencias concretas y particulares de esta situación en los escolares. Hemos seleccionado un colegio público de una pequeña localidad con un escaso desarrollo económico, para tratar de conocer cómo está afectando la crisis al alumnado. Mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas hemos conocido las concepciones y valoraciones al respecto del profesorado del colegio. El tratamiento de los datos cualitativos obtenidos ha hecho aflorar varias dimensiones relevantes de análisis. La situación actual que viven muchas familias está teniendo repercusiones en el alumnado en los siguientes aspectos: alimentación, higiene, indumentaria, materiales escolares, rendimiento académico, estado anímico y/o comportamientos en el aula. En ocasiones, el profesorado destaca que estas deficiencias no son causa directa de la situación económica de las familias, sino de sus valores educativos.
El perfil competencial y necesidades formativas del coordinador de formación. análisis desde la realidad en los centros educativos de zaragoza.
Authors: Vazquez Toledo Sandra , Álvarez Polvorinos María Luisa , Alonso Gracia Angel , Barrio Bastida Eloy
Published: May 2017

Este artículo profundiza en el perfil competencial del coordinador de formación de los centros educativos de Zaragoza, en la Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón. El objetivo que se pretende es hacer un retrato real del coordinador de formación, sus competencias, intereses, motivaciones y necesidades, para plantear posibles itinerarios formativos que redunden en una mejora en el ejercicio de sus funciones. Para ello hemos analizado las competencias y necesidades formativas de los coordinadores desde el marco normativo y desde la investigación. El estudio que se ha llevado a cabo se sustenta en una encuesta. La metodología que fundamenta dicho estudio es de corte cuantitativo y el análisis ha sido descriptivo. Los resultados atisban que los coordinadores de formación, tienen mayores competencias técnicas de organización y gestión, y tienen una menor capacitación en competencias comportamentales, especialmente de liderazgo. Por ello, entendemos que las propuestas formativas deberían focalizarse en dicha competencia y en formar en habilidades para poder liderar la formación en el centro.
Estudo comparativo de três algoritmos de inversão numérica da transformada de Laplace
Authors: De Jesus Noé Franco , Costa Camila Pinto da , Fernández Leslie D. Pérez , Castillero Julián Bravo
Published: May 2017

Inúmeras aplicações na ciência e na tecnologia têm mostrado a utilidade da transformada de Laplace como ferramenta que auxilia na resolução dos modelos matemáticos correspondentes. Contudo, em diversas situações práticas, surge a necessidade de abordagens numéricas na inversão desta transformada por causa da dificuldade em se calcular analiticamente a integral de Bromwich que a define. No entanto, não existe nenhum método universal para a inversão numérica que funcione satisfatoriamente em todas as situações. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se um estudo comparativo
do desempenho de três algoritmos de inversão numérica da transformada de Laplace, a saber, o algoritmo Talbot Fixo de Abate e Valkó, o de Stehfest, e o de Zakian.
Smart building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) for Qatar
Authors: Mühlbauer Maria
Published: May 2017

The consumption of electricity in residential buildings in Qatar is on the rise. According to Kahramaa (Qatar General Electricity and Water Company), the factors leading to this increased demand include urbanization and growth of population.1 Government institutions in Qatar want solar power to be the country's key energy source and have built up large photovoltaic (PV) systems for this purpose. These large PV power plants contribute to a certain proportion of the country's electrical energy supply. This also ensures reasonable utilization of free and usually unprofitable areas, for example on large utility buildings.

Small and middle-sized PV systems integrated into private buildings could fulfill more functions. These PV systems could also produce a significant proportion of electrical energy for places where electricity is consumed and could also provide the citizens of Qatar the opportunity to participate in the renewable energy age.

This article presents a comprehensive strategy for the integration of solar energy into the private residential buildings area. The strategy describes the provision of adapted PV systems suitable for Middle East's climatic conditions and Arabic architecture, and provides advice regarding how to deal with the climatic hurdles. The main focus of this compilation paper is to figure out how to overcome the economical handicap of minimal electricity price. With the help of Smart building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems, owners of private residential houses could participate in the production of renewable energy, thereby improving their social prestige. These Smart BIPV systems possess the ability to visualize the entire energy flow in the connected buildings, making the residents aware of their energy demands, in addition to providing tools to replace conventionally produced energy by self-produced solar energy as far as possible. Furthermore, the integrated house management system can control individual room functions to improve the living comfort of the residents in a way that matches their lifestyle.
Towards a more sustainable waste management in Qatar: Retrofitting mindsets and changing behaviours
Authors: Clarke Sarah F. , Nawaz Waqas , Skelhorn Cynthia , Amato Alex
Published: May 2017

Historically, the peoples of Arabia have had a strong affinity with and respect for nature, recognising that their life depended on a mutually supportive relationship. The intertwined connections between people and nature included a reverence for camels that provide a dependable mode of transport across the harsh desert landscape; a deep affection for the majestic falcons that soared high above vast sand dunes in search of prey and a great pride in the saluki dog breed as a loyal and skilful hunting companion. Through the generations, nomadic and static tribes in the Gulf have learned to coexist with their hostile desert environment, following nature's path to water and fertile plains. And, while this bond endures, with the advent of oil wealth, which has brought with it unprecedented rates of development, it is a connection that at best is under strain and at worst on a catastrophic path as much desired rapid development brings with it demands on the environment and incursions into the landscape as never before: dredging, which destroys sea grass plains and their associated wildlife; agriculture, which requires ever more water, thereby depleting natural aquifers and necessitating higher levels of energy-consuming desalination and skyscraper cities, which demand increasing amounts of electricity for lighting, air-conditioning and residential comfort. Furthermore, an ever-growing mound of waste generated by a swelling population and increased consumerism do not seem favourable for the GCC region.

What will it take to restore the human–environment balance? What needs to be retrofitted? Is it simply a matter of technical fixes, add-ons or replacements? Or is a more fundamental change needed? Do we need to retrofit mindsets, both individual and organisational, with a new set of overarching socially and environmentally driven principles that will allow Qatar to continue along its developmental path while enhancing its historical ties with the environment? In short, is it possible to design or retrofit our way towards a sustainable Qatar?

It is argued in this paper that not only technological solutions and retrofits but also an associated change in mindsets and behaviours at all levels and in all communities will solve the waste management problems faced by Qatar. Drawing on examples from individual, organisational and community-driven initiatives in solid waste management in Qatar and a survey or attitudes towards waste, in this paper, we illustrate the complexity of the task ahead, the obstacles faced and the need for a “retrofit” of mindsets and behavioural change in order to achieve a transformation in solid waste management in Qatar.
Gestión Territorial y Estrategia Política
Authors: Lubambo Cátia Wanderley
Published: May 2017

El texto presenta una discusión sobre la gestión del territorio como estrategia política, a partir de la experiencia reciente de Brasil con programas centrados en la participación social. Se comparan cuatro experiencias municipales en el ámbito de la gestión territorial de dos programas estatales: el Programa Gobierno en los Municipios, en el estado de Pernambuco, y el Proyecto Mi Sitio, en Santa Catarina. Llaman la atención la competitividad política local y la ausencia de capacidad institucional en los gobiernos subnacionales, como factores limitantes al éxito de las experiencias de acción pública descentralizada. Existe una referencia analítica a otros estudios que enfocan fórums regionales de programas territoriales y que suelen señalar resultados en esa dirección, tanto en el ámbito de los ministerios como de los gobiernos estaduales. El análisis muestra reflexiones sobre cómo factores político-institucionales pueden ser favorables a la actuación de fórums participativos y sugiere un abordaje que considere a los actores sociales locales en la definición del territorio, en contraposición a las concepciones formadas a partir de criterios sólo programáticos.Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible, Vol. 1, 2012: 61-83
Evaluación de híbridos tri-lineales de maíz (Zea mays L.), por su reacción al Complejo Mancha de asfalto causada por los patógenos (Phyllachora maydis, Monographella maydis y Coniothyrium phyllacorae)
Authors: Deras F. Héctor R. , De Serrano Reina Flor , Mejía Carlos , Moreno Wenceslao
Published: May 2017

Durante 2013 se instaló un ensayo con el objetivo de identificar híbridos de maíz por su reacción a la enfermedad foliar conocida como Complejo Mancha de asfalto5. El ensayo se condujo en trece localidades de diferentes departamentos de El Salvador, teniendo nueve de ellas antecedentes de la enfermedad. La evaluación se desarrolló entre los meses de mayo a noviembre.Se utilizó el diseño experimental alpha-látice 4*5, con tres repeticiones y 20 tratamientos. Los tratamientos se conformaron de 17 híbridos tri-lineales experimentales y tres híbridos comerciales como testigo. Se realizó un análisis de varianza por localidad y combinado, especialmente para porcentaje de mazorcas con mala cobertura; porcentaje de pudrición de mazorcas totales y porcentaje de mazorcas podridas afectadas por el complejo y rendimiento. Se utilizó el modelo AMMI Biplot GGE-SREG para determinar la interacción genotipo-ambiente, encontrándose significancia para dicha interacción; así como para los factores individuales en las que existió significancia al 1% de probabilidad. En diez de las 13 localidades en la que se realizó el estudio, no existió presencia de la enfermedad. Pero en las restantes, la enfermedad incidió drásticamente sobre el rendimiento. El híbrido con mayor provecho en localidades sin presencia de la enfermedad fue DK-357 con 8.35 t ha-1, seguido por HES-3 y HES-1 con 7.75 y 7.1t ha-1 respectivamente. En las localidades donde hubo presencia de la enfermedad, los mejores híbridos fueron: HES-3, HES-17 y DK-357, con rendimientos de 4.04, 4.01 y 4t ha-1 respectivamente.Los porcentajes de mazorcas afectadas por la enfermedad para estos híbridos fueron 50.3%, 46.8% y 60.7%, respectivamente. El híbrido menos afectado por la enfermedad fue HES-1, con 42.9% de mazorcas infectadas y rendimiento de 3.85 t ha-1. El análisis de estabilidad reportó como los híbridos más estables a HES-27 y HES-13. Los resultados obtenidos muestran a HES-1 como híbrido tolerante y a HES-3 como resistente.Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible, Vol. 3, 2014: 77-88
Prototipo de un generador eólico doméstico con materiales asequibles en El Salvador
Authors: Martínez Martínez Carlos Roberto
Published: May 2017

Este trabajo de investigación tiene como resultado el diseño y construcción de una Aero turbina de eje vertical de bajo costo, a fin de verificar la factibilidad técnica y económica de incursión de este prototipo en aplicaciones de generación de energía eólica a pequeña escala en El Salvador.Se crearon diferentes modelos de turbinas para comparar su eficiencia, siendo el más exitoso el rotor de eje vertical con cuatro aspas semicirculares; el cual es capaz de operar a partir de vientos suaves de 5 Km/h. Por otra parte, también se experimentó con generadores de corriente alterna y directa, en busca de la mejor relación entre costo económico y producción energética. Durante el proceso se pusieron a prueba varios conceptos relacionados con el tema, y que son populares en el Internet. Esto concluyó en la desmitificación de la viabilidad de los alternadores, los cuales son modificados al añadirles imanes circulares permanentes.Los resultados también demostraron que los motores de corriente directa sí pueden ser configurados para generar la energía suficiente como para iluminar una vivienda pequeña, mediante la utilización de focos tipo led. Sin embargo, su factibilidad también se vuelve cuestionable, debido al cambio climático que acontece a nivel global y que causa condiciones de poco viento en El Salvador; obstaculizándose la generación eólica.Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible, Vol. 3, 2014: 91-106
Multiplicación in vitro de piña MD-2 (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril) haciendo uso de fertilizantes comerciales
Authors: Cuéllar Zometa Juan Francisco , Somoza Vargas Carlos Eduardo
Published: May 2017

Este estudio consistió en la multiplicación in vitro de piña MD-2 (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril) bajo la técnica de cultivo de tejidos vegetales, empleando el medio de cultivo desarrollado por Murashige & Skoog (1962), modificado con 3mg de 6 bencil amino purina por litro de medio, tratamiento uno (TI). El tratamiento anterior ha sido contrastado con otro que se basa en un terreno de cultivo in vitro, a base de fertilizante comercial hidrosoluble, medio de cultivo que se identificó como «UNICAES 2», tratamiento dos (T2); buscando igualar la concentración y disponibilidad de cada uno de los elementos necesarios para el correcto desarrollo de las plantas.Se seccionaron yemas apicales de retoños de la base de plantas madre, y se desinfectaron con hipoclorito de sodio al 5% por 15 minutos, adicionando 3 gotas de tween 80 por cada 100ml de solución desinfectante. Se seccionaron las yemas de aproximadamente 0.5cm de longitud por 0.5cm de diámetro. Estas se inocularon en frascos de vidrio conteniendo 30ml de medio de cultivo con 20 repeticiones por tratamiento. Las yemas se incubaron a 16-8 horas luz-oscuridad; con una temperatura promedio de 28ºC y 232 pie candela de intensidad lumínica, proporcionada por 3 lámparas fluorescentes. Luego de 40 días se compararon las yemas obtenidas en ambos tratamientos, tomando en cuenta su longitud y número de brotes laterales.Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible, Vol. 4, 2015: 77-88
The Effect and Role of Political Dialogue in Relations between Countries in the Region (with Emphasis on Iran and Tajikistan Model: SCO)
Authors: Shahbandi Mahmoud
Published: May 2017

Within review of Iran and Tajikistan and conducted studies, one should take into account some considerations due to geopolitical position viewpoint. In this process, Tajikistan can be considered one of the strong and old cultures and one of the greatest regional civilizations, considering the type of change in its political atmosphere can develop its relation with Iran. Therefore, here. The dialogue is not merely under consideration, rather, the relation within the dialogue is considered at regional level. Reviewing components contributing in relation and political dialogue, objective and means of political dialogue, system analysis and theoretic knowledge and methodology based on political talk and their features in a regional context should be discussed to evaluate the circumstances of Iran and Tajikistan within social and political context for encouraging political dialogue through Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) as a regional political tool.
Read Death Drive through Heart of Darkness
Authors: Wu Qiling , Li Tsingan
Published: May 2017

Scholars try to get close to Kurtz and Conrad’s inner men to analyze their attitudes towards race through race. However, the author transfers race into human drive to give explanation of Marlow’s narrative in Heart of Darkness and further argues that Marlow’s narrative has dug deeply into human beings’ drive. To change it another way, the journey to the central Africa does not just force Marlow to see primitive Africa, the natives, to meet Kurtz, his madness and evil, it is also a journey to self-discovery or drive-discovery.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 10, No. 6
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: May 2017

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 10, No. 6, 2017.
The Impact of School Bullying On Students’ Academic Achievement from Teachers Point of View
Authors: Al-Raqqad Hana Khaled , Al-Bourini Eman Saeed , Al Talahin Fatima Mohammad , Aranki Raghda Michael Elias
Published: May 2017

The study aimed to investigate school bullying impact on students’ academic achievement from teachers’ perspective in Jordanian schools. The study used a descriptive analytical methodology. The research sample consisted of all schools’ teachers in Amman West Area (in Jordan). The sample size consisted of 200 teachers selected from different schools from Amman West area in Jordan. A self-administrated questionnaire was designed according to research objectives and hypotheses and distributed over research sample subjects. All distributed questionnaire were collected. They were, coded and analyzed by using SPSS version 18. The research results indicated that school bullying exists in all schools regardless if they are governmental or private ones. The study also concluded that school bullying affect student’s academic achievement either victims or the bullies.
Minimum Hellinger Distance Estimation of a Univariate GARCH Process
Authors: Kadjo Roger , Hili Ouagnina , N'dri Aubin
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we determine the Minimum Hellinger Distance estimator of a stationary GARCH process. We construct an estimator of the parameters based on the minimum Hellinger distance method. Under conditions which ensure the $\phi$-mixing of the GARCH process, we establish the almost sure convergence and the asymptotic normality of the estimator.
Research on Influence of Community Opening on Road Capacity
Authors: Li Zi-Yu , Zhong Jia-Yu , Zhang Yuan-Biao , Wang Yi-Yan , Yang Li-Qun
Published: May 2017

Under the background of promoting the block system, the paper mainly focuses on the impact on the surrounding road capacity caused by the openness of the communities. Firstly, the basic capacity model of the road is established by using Newton’s second law. Then, based on the openness of the district, we analyze the probabilities of the drivers choosing the intersection and exit of the district and the delay rate of the crossing. So we establish the modified road capacity model. Finally, according to the actual situation, the road structure in the surrounding areas and intersection type is divided, and the influence coefficient of the road is introduced, which are used to establish the vehicle traffic mathematical model to quantitatively analyze whether the district opening can promote the road capacity, thus providing a certain theoretical basis for the open policy.
The Definition of Firm Boundaries and Its Impact on Sustainability
Authors: Lujan Salazar Luis Armando , Guzman Gonzalo Maldonado
Published: May 2017

The way in which the boundaries of a firm are defined also determines its responsibilities. Besides the firm’s goals of profitability and survival, there are implications beyond its physical boundaries, such as sustainability. There are several definitions of the boundaries of a firm, each one with its own implications. Considering external resources related to the firm may allow decision makers to take responsibility for what takes place beyond its frontiers. Because firms are not isolated, sustainability goes beyond the boundaries of the firm and requires incorporating external factors.The relation of a firm with its external factors can be established in several dimensions; one of them is considering the relation of the firm with its environment. In this study, we reviewed literature on firm boundaries and found out that the boundaries, limits, and responsibilities of firms are not sharply defined. An interesting point is that the boundaries of the firm can be expanded to account for external resources and the impact of the firm’s activities, so that the firm may take steps to reduce its green footprint and contribute to sustainability from the perspective of the triple bottom line, which includes economic, social, and environmental aspects.
The Non-Sustainability of Rwanda’s Economic Miracle
Authors: Ayittey George B. N.
Published: May 2017

Emerging out of the horrific spasm of genocide that claimed more than 800,000 of the minority Tutsi ethnic group in 1994, Rwanda has chalked up some spectacular economic performance. Its rate of economic growth has averaged 8% since 2001 and it is among the fastest growing economies in East Africa. Poverty rates have been halved and Rwanda is one of the very few African countries that was able to achieve the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It also has the highest representation of women in Parliament.This paper, however, argues that impressive though Rwanda’s economic performance might be, it is not sustainable. First, it is heavily dependent upon foreign aid, making it vulnerable to fluctuations in aid. Second, the Asian Tiger economic model Rwanda copied from Singapore-development under authoritarianism—has failed miserably in postcolonial Africa. No dictator—civilian, military nor rebel—has brought lasting prosperity to any African country. Third, the other types of reform Rwanda needs to sustain its economic achievement—intellectual, political, constitutional and institutional reforms—are petulantly missing. How these reforms are sequenced is also critically important. Focusing only on economic liberalization to the detriment of the other reforms amounts to putting the cart before the horse. Finally and most disconcerting of all, in his understandable zeal to prevent another genocide, Rwanda’s President Paul Kagame is unwittingly re-creating the very conditions that led to the 1994 genocide—a supreme irony.
Индексийн аргуудыг хөрсний хүнд элементийн бохирдлын үнэлгээнд хэрэглэсэн үр дүнгээс
Authors: Ц Бямбасүрэн , Б Хүүхэнхүү , Шабанова В Е , Васильева Е И , Г Очирбат , Ц Цэдэнбалжир
Published: May 2017

Өнгөн хөрсний 320 гаруй дээжинд Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Mn, Cd, Zn, Cu ба Pb зэрэг хүнд элементүүдийн нийт агуулгыг атомын цацаргалтын спектроскопийн нуман атомчлалын аргаар нүүрсэн электродын дундуур үлээлгэн атомчлах аргаар тодорхойлсон. Энгийн статистик аргын тоон үзүүлэлтүүдээр өнгөн хөрсөн дэх хүнд элементүүдийн тархалтын төлөв байдлыг тодорхойлсон. Улаанбаатар хотын нийт газар нутгийн өнгөн хөрсөн дэх хүнд элементүүдийн бохирдлын түвшинг бохирдлын индекс (PI) ба нийт бохирдлын индексийн дундаж үзүүлэлт (IPI), хөрсний хүнд элементийн бохирдлын сөрөг нөлөөллийн үнэлгээг нэг элементийн эрсдлийн фактор (Er) ба олон элементийн эрсдлийн факторын (RI) нийт дунджаар, хүнд элементийн хөрсөнд хуримтлагдах эх үүсвэрийн ялгааг баяжилтын фактор гэсэн үзүүлэлтүүдээр үнэллээ. Улаанбаатар хотын газар нутгийн өнгөн хөрс нь хүний буруутай үйл ажиллагааны улмаас Pb, Zn, Cu бохирдсон байна. Cd, Pb, Cu -ийн хүрээлэн буй орчинд үзүүлэх сөрөг нөлөө нь бусад судлагдсан хүнд элементүүдээс харьцангуй их илэрсэн.
Аж богдын нурууны физик газарзүйн тодорхойлолт
Authors: Э Авирмэд , Б Баянжаргал
Published: May 2017

Mountain Aj Bogd is one of branch mountains the mount systems Mongol Altai, which is located at the middle part of Mongol Altai mountain. Mountain Aj Bogd is similar with surface typology, deposits, form relief, erosion and accumulation process, mountain side, dissection, age and land­scape of main mountains of Mongol Altai. Aj Bogd Mountain is a mounting system had existed which surrounding by valleys and depressions and related by kotal and pass from the main ridge of the Mongolian Altai mountains. The Aj Bogd Mountain segregated to the east by Gobi Khonin Us, to the north from the mountain Khubch by pass Zoolin Bogd and the Mongol Altai mountain by depressions of Alag lake, to the west from mountains Ikh Tayan by dale of the Tuhum,Tooroi, to the south by Nomingiin gobi. The highest peak of this mountain Aj Bogd is 3093.3 m high above the sea level. The relief and peak of a mountain is mostly cupola or plane shaped because of in longest time weathered by wind and water.
The Gold Standard Paradox in Digital Image Analysis: Manual Versus Automated Scoring as Ground Truth
Authors: Aeffner Famke , Wilson Kristin , Martin Nathan T. , Black Joshua C. , Hendriks Cris L. Luengo , Bolon Brad , Rudmann Daniel G. , Gianani Roberto , Koegler Sally R. , Krueger Joseph , Young G. Dave
Published: May 2017

Context.—

Novel therapeutics often target complex cellular mechanisms. Increasingly, quantitative methods like digital tissue image analysis (tIA) are required to evaluate correspondingly complex biomarkers to elucidate subtle phenotypes that can inform treatment decisions with these targeted therapies. These tIA systems need a gold standard, or reference method, to establish analytical validity. Conventional, subjective histopathologic scores assigned by an experienced pathologist are the gold standard in anatomic pathology and are an attractive reference method. The pathologist's score can establish the ground truth to assess a tIA solution's analytical performance. The paradox of this validation strategy, however, is that tIA is often used to assist pathologists to score complex biomarkers because it is more objective and reproducible than manual evaluation alone by overcoming known biases in a human's visual evaluation of tissue, and because it can generate endpoints that cannot be generated by a human observer.

Objective.—

To discuss common visual and cognitive traps known in traditional pathology-based scoring paradigms that may impact characterization of tIA-assisted scoring accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.

Data Sources.—

This manuscript reviews the current literature from the past decades available for traditional subjective pathology scoring paradigms and known cognitive and visual traps relevant to these scoring paradigms.

Conclusions.—

Awareness of the gold standard paradox is necessary when using traditional pathologist scores to analytically validate a tIA tool because image analysis is used specifically to overcome known sources of bias in visual assessment of tissue sections.
A note on holomorphic functions and the Fourier-Laplace transform
Authors: Carlsson Marcus , Wittsten Jens
Published: May 2017

We revisit the classical problem of when a given function, which is analytic in the upper half plane $\mathbb{C} _+$, can be written as the Fourier transform of a function or distribution with support on a half axis $(-\infty ,b]$, $b\in \mathbb{R} $. We derive slight improvements of the classical Paley-Wiener-Schwartz Theorem, as well as softer conditions for verifying membership in classical function spaces such as $H^p(\mathbb{C} _+)$.
Fourier algebras of parabolic subgroups
Authors: Knudby Søren
Published: May 2017

We study the following question: given a locally compact group when does its Fourier algebra coincide with the subalgebra of the Fourier-Stieltjes algebra consisting of functions vanishing at infinity? We provide sufficient conditions for this to be the case.As an application, we show that when $P$ is the minimal parabolic subgroup in one of the classical simple Lie groups of real rank one or the exceptional such group, then the Fourier algebra of $P$ coincides with the subalgebra of the Fourier-Stieltjes algebra of $P$ consisting of functions vanishing at infinity. In particular, the regular representation of $P$ decomposes as a direct sum of irreducible representations although $P$ is not compact.
On a class of operators in the hyperfinite $\mathrm{II}_1$ factor
Authors: Zhu Zhangsheng , Fang Junsheng , Shi Rui
Published: May 2017

Let $R$ be the hyperfinite $\mathrm {II}_1$ factor and let $u$, $v$ be two generators of $R$ such that $u^*u=v^*v=1$ and $vu=e^{2\pi i\theta } uv$ for an irrational number $\theta$. In this paper we study the class of operators $uf(v)$, where $f$ is a bounded Lebesgue measurable function on the unit circle $S^1$. We calculate the spectrum and Brown spectrum of operators $uf(v)$, and study the invariant subspace problem of such operators relative to $R$. We show that under general assumptions the von Neumann algebra generated by $uf(v)$ is an irreducible subfactor of $R$ with index $n$ for some natural number $n$, and the $C^*$-algebra generated by $uf(v)$ and the identity operator is a generalized universal irrational rotation $C^*$-algebra.
A simple proof of the existence of Haar measure on amenable groups
Authors: Izzo Alexander J.
Published: May 2017

A simple proof of the existence of Haar measure on amenable groups is given.
Introduction to the Ekedahl Invariants
Authors: Martino Ivan
Published: May 2017

In 2009, T. Ekedahl introduced certain cohomological invariants for finite groups. In this work we present these invariants and we give an equivalent definition that does not involve the notion of algebraic stacks. Moreover we show certain properties for the class of the classifying stack of a finite group in the Kontsevich value ring.
A function on the set of isomorphism classes in the stable category of maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over a Gorenstein ring: with applications to liaison theory
Authors: Puthenpurakal Tony J.
Published: May 2017

Let $(A,\mathfrak{m})$ be a Gorenstein local ring of dimension $d \geq 1$. Let $\operatorname{\underline{CM}}(A)$ be the stable category of maximal Cohen-Macauley $A$-modules and let $\operatorname{\underline{ICM}}(A)$ denote the set of isomorphism classes in $\operatorname{\underline{CM}}(A)$. We define a function $\xi \colon \operatorname{\underline{ICM}}(A) \to \mathbb{Z}$ which behaves well with respect to exact triangles in $\operatorname{\underline{CM}}(A)$. We then apply this to (Gorenstein) liaison theory. We prove that if $\dim A \geq 2$ and $A$ is not regular then the even liaison classes of $\{\,\mathfrak{m}^n \mid n\geq 1 \,\}$ is an infinite set. We also prove that if $A$ is Henselian with finite representation type with $A/\mathfrak{m}$ uncountable then for each $m \geq 1$ the set $\mathcal {C}_m = \{\, I \mid I \text { is a codim $2$ CM-ideal with } e_0(A/I) \leq m \,\}$ is contained in finitely many even liaison classes $L_1,\dots ,L_r$ (here $r$ may depend on $m$).
Essential norm estimates for Hankel operators on convex domains in $\mathbb{C}^2$
Authors: Čučković Željko , Şahutoğlu Sönmez
Published: May 2017

Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{C}^2$ be a bounded convex domain with $C^1$-smooth boundary and $\varphi \in C^1(\overline{\Omega})$ such that $\varphi $ is harmonic on the non-trivial disks in the boundary. We estimate the essential norm of the Hankel operator $H_{\varphi }$ in terms of the $\overline{\partial}$ derivatives of $\varphi$ “along” the non-trivial disks in the boundary.
On the asymptotic expansion of the logarithm of Barnes triple gamma function II
Authors: Koumandos Stamatis , Pedersen Henrik L.
Published: May 2017

The remainders in an asymptotic expansion of the logarithm of Barnes triple gamma function give rise to completely monotonic functions of positive order.
Dispositivos de control y reproducción de desigualdades en la intervención con jóvenes migrantes.
Authors: Marco Arocas Elisabet
Published: May 2017

El contexto de la migración transnacional, los jóvenes migrantes encuentran en su minoría de edad las posibilidades de penetrar en Europa. Su migración pone de manifiesto las contradicciones de los sistemas de protección que, aunque sujetos a los principios rectores de la Convención de Derechos de la Infancia, reproducen las desigualdades de edad, etnia y clase social. En el presente artículo se reconstruyen las lógicas de control, vigilancia y selección que imperan en los diversos dispositivos desplegados para afrontar el fenómeno. La etnografía realizada se articula a través de entrevistas a jóvenes migrantes que llegaron al territorio valenciano cuando eran menores de edad, así como la experiencia como educadora social en centros de acogida y el análisis documental. A través de las voces de los protagonistas del hecho migratorio se ponen de manifiesto y se analizan los puntos de fuga, las contradicciones y las lógicas paternalistas y asistenciales que encierra la atención al proceso migratorio. Con la llegada de la mayoría de edad que pone fin a la obligación de protección del Estado, también caducan los derechos de estos jóvenes. Los dispositivos puestos en práctica bajo tutela, a su vez, reproducen las desigualdades que, en definitiva, limitan su acceso, en condiciones de igualdad, a los derechos y recursos sociales. Las realidades de los jóvenes que emprenden un proceso migratorio en solitario se construyen, al mismo tiempo, a través del principio de protección y la dinámica que (re)produce la exclusión social.
As medidas da educação. Medição e gestão mediante indicadores
Authors: Pfeiffer Dietmar K.
Published: May 2017

O processo da globalização exerce um impacto forte sobre os sistemas educacionais nacionais no mundo inteiro. Parte deste processo é a implementação de um sistema de indicadores para a mensuração da qualidade educacional. De importância especial neste contexto é a disseminação de avaliações de larga escala (PISA). Medir não é mais uma prática exclusiva para as ciências exatas, mas se tornou em um dos objetivos principais nas ciências educacionais, também. Porém, embora haja uma plentora de indicadores educacionais, uns deles fazendo parte de conhecidos índices (HDI, SESC, ICM), há apenas poucas initiativas até agora para criar um índice composto para o desenvolvimento educacional. O artigo presente tem como objetivo revisar de forma crítica os problemas de mensurações representativas nas ciências humanas apontando que a maioria dos indicadores compostos e índices não correspondem à axiomática da teoria representacional de medição. Medições mediante índices são consideradas como substitutos para medições representativas. Seus níveis escalares e o significado são muitas vezes desconhecidos de modo que precisam de ser aproximados através de critérios de fiabilidade e validade. A diversidade teórica é considerado como um dos motivos principais para a falta de medidas constistentes e relevantes no campo educacional. Além do mais, muitas variáveis na esfera educacional não são quantificaveis. A preocupação principal no tocante a medição por indicadores se refere ao caráter ambivalente deles. Por um lado eles podem proporcionar informações relevantes ao nível descritivo e subsidiar decisões politicas, por outro lado, a «cultura de indicadores» assume de forma crescente vertentes de um sistema normativo de controle.
Standardized testing and the promise of progress
Authors: Stromquist Nelly P
Published: May 2017

Abstract In light of the constantly expanding use of standardized tests (STs) not only in industrialized countries but also in developing nations, this article seeks to offer some reflections on the assessment path that educational systems across the world are taking. In unpacking the STs we must not take for granted a number of aspects of standardized tests—from their construction and application to their unintended consequences.  The article proceeds in four distinct but interrelated parts:  (1) understanding the assumptions and process in the development of STs, (2) probing the assumptions underlying the use of STs, (3) recognizing that STs are limited in what they can tell teachers about how to improve their instructional practices, and (4) forming a broader philosophical critique about how knowledge transmission should be measured and by whom. There are multiple procedures and features that render STs an easy–to-use assessment tool for student learning.  However, assumptions used test design create considerable distance between their construction and any measurement of ability to teach.  This distance impedes the use of STs as practical tools to improve instruction.  Nonetheless, the testing industry in the US is solid and there are global efforts underway not only to expand the application from pre-Kindergarten to secondary schools but also to the university level.
TESTED: Una reflexión sobre medir en educación
Authors: Carmona Rodríguez Carmen
Published: May 2017

Hace décadas el debate educativo estaba centrado, principalmente, en la cobertura y el acceso a la educación básica para todos los niños y niñas, aspecto que en algunos países todavía es un reto a conseguir. Sin embargo, actualmente se presta mayor atención a los resultados de aprendizaje alcanzados por los estudiantes. Resultados que en algunos países provienen de pruebas estandarizadas que están diseñadas para seleccionar y no para incluir. Por ello, es necesario considerar la influencia del contexto como factor de segregación en los centros educativos, hecho que puede de forma indirecta fomentar la desigualdad de oportunidades en el alumnado. El objetivo del presente artículo es reflexionar sobre los factores y consecuencias que tiene la realización de evaluaciones al alumnado, especialmente cuando están estandarizadas. Se analizan aspectos a considerar cuando se interpretan los resultados de pruebas estandarizadas, así como la relevancia de las variables de contexto. En particular, se profundizará a través del documental TESTED (2015) en el proceso de preparación, consecución y consecuencias del polémico Specialized High School Admission Test (SHSAT) que puede marcar el futuro de los estudiantes de entre 12-13 años de la ciudad de Nueva York. El análisis del documental con el propio director visibiliza una realidad de desigualad a partir de los resultados de un test, algo que también podría llegar a ocurrir en otros países sino se tiene en cuenta que la educación es un proceso permanente que facilita el aprendizaje, el desarrollo de  competencias, la  experiencia  y  la  incorporación  plena  de  los  valores tanto individuales como sociales.
Medir la educación: perspectivas desde la crítica sociológica
Authors: Beltrán Llavador José , Teodoro António
Published: May 2017

El interés y la preocupación por una política educativa gobernada por los números se reflejan claramente en una literatura académica creciente desde disciplinas que en muchas ocasiones atraviesan fronteras epistemológicas y dialogan entre sí a nivel internacional. Si bien el problema acerca de la medida de la educación no es nuevo, es cierto que la generalización y proliferación de estudios, informes y pruebas que tratan de capturar resultados cuantitativos en la esfera educativa, estrechamente asociados a principios y criterios evaluativos, despierta tanto interés como inquietud. Recientemente se han desarrollado foros y debates que han planteado la necesidad de ofrecer alternativas a una corriente neopositivista que parece estar imponiéndose en las ciencias sociales, con efectos e impactos en las políticas y en las prácticas educativas.
Antecipar o “Apagar das Luzes”? Religião, Arte, Subjetividade e Sociedade no Conto “O artista da fome” (Ein Hungerkünstler) de Franz Kafka
Authors: Ribeiro de Moraes Junior Manoel
Published: May 2017

Este trabalho não procura enquadrar o conto O Artista da Fome de Franz Kafka às categorias teóricas da filosofia ou da teologia, muito menos subjuga-la às interpretações das Ciências da Religião. Menos que isto, este trabalho procura colher pistas de expressões humanas à luz de aspectos culturais que entendem-se ser religioso e teológico, porém, com compromisso maior de compreender e explicar a densidade do humano que, por sua vez, se mostra melhor no palco principal de sua mais importante revelação: a narrativa como tessitura exposta e significada da auto-compreensão humana sobre seus mundos físico, social e subjetivo. Na primeira parte deste artigo, procuraremos destacar os aspectos do imaginário judaico e social no qual circunscreviam comportamentos da época de Franz Kafka. Na parte seguinte, trataremos do Artista da Fome. Um personagem que revela a tensão entre o “viver humano”, a fome e a indiferença por meio dos serviços de empregabilidade alienante e da sociabilidade posta sem afetividade. Na última parte, será exposta uma dimensão sobre a antropologia reprimida em tempos de prevalência de imperativos desenvolvimentistas, mas que é fundamental para os ideais de política democrática e estofo para qualquer sociedade que se permita à tensão equiparada entre liberdade e justiça. A hipótese deste trabalho aponta para o fato de que a supressão da autonomia humana é abertura para tempos terminais da história e da política.
Mechanisms of equine recurrent airway obstruction: changes in understanding and management
Authors: Zettel Bastos Fernand , Mendes Barussi Fernanda Cristina , Turra Pimpão Cláudia , Michelotto Jr Pedro Vicente
Published: May 2017

Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is an inflammatory and obstructive disease that is more prevalent in horses stabled for long periods. The most common clinical signs include cough, exercise intolerance, dyspnea, nasal secretion and absence of fever. The pathophysiological effects of RAO in the lungs include goblet cell metaplasia, alveolar fibrosis, neovascularization, airway wall thickening affecting all tissue layers, and bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy. The alveolar macrophage is the main effector of particle elimination in the inflammatory process of RAO, with the ability to increase or suppress inflammatory responses. Activation of macrophages increases the release of cytokines that enhance the inflammatory reaction, such as interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-8, resulting in the attraction of neutrophils to the alveolar environment, which becomes the predominant cell type during periods of crisis. Although the clinical signs of RAO are well-defined, the underlying immunologic mechanisms are still being investigated. This review provides information about this disease, the understanding of which has changedover time.
Teste oral com glicose de milho com e sem sódio produzem diferentes curvas de insulina e de glicose em equinos sadios
Authors: Trindade Keity Laiane Gomes , Oliveira Virgínia Theodora Brito Marques de , Cavalcanti Maria Eduarda De Oliveira , Da Silva Micheline Ozana , Manso Helena Emilia Cavalcanti da Costa Cordeiro , Ribeiro Filho José Dantas , Abreu José Mário Girão , Manso Filho Helio Cordeiro
Published: May 2017

O uso em larga escala dos grãosde cereais processados para equinos tem sido associado à obesidade, síndrome metabólica e às disfunções na microbiota intestinal nessa espécie. Esses trabalhos objetivaram avaliar o teste oral com glicose de milho, com e sem sódio, sobre as concentrações plasmáticas de glicose, insulina e proteínas plasmáticas em cavalos sadios. A hipótese a ser testada é de que a adição de sódio à glicose de milho irá produzir diferentes curvas de glicose e de insulina quando os equinos em jejum, quando comparado com similar produto sem sódio. Foram utilizados seis equinos, distribuídos em um fatorial com três tratamentos (6x3). Os tratamentos foram: 400cal de glicose de milho com sódio (T-GNa400), 200cal de glicose de milho com sódio (T-GNa200), e 400cal de glicose de milho sem sódio (T-G400). Amostras de sangue foram colhidas com os animais nas seguintes fases: pré-teste (jejum) e 0,5, 1,0, 1,5, 2,0, 3,0 e 4,0 horas após a ingestão do tratamento. O plasma obtido foi utilizado para determinação da glicose ([GLIC]), insulina ([INSU]) e proteínas plasmáticas totais ([PPT]). Os resultados foram submetidos ao ANOVA com dois fatores (três tratamentos e sete fases) e ao teste deTukey, pelo programa SigmaPlot 13.0, com P estabelecido em 5%. Os resultados indicaram que [GLIC] difere tanto entre os tratamentos como entre as fases (P < 0,001), e que há interação significativa entre os tratamentos e as fases (P = 0,044). A [GLIC] foi mais elevada no T-GNa400 (~113,8 mg/dL), seguido pelo T-G400 (~106,4 mg/dL) e mais baixa no T-GNa200 (98,5 mg/ dL) (P < 0,001). Também a [INSU]apresentou diferenças entre os tratamentos e entre as fases (P < 0,001), e com interação significativa entre os tratamentos e as fases (P = 0.037). A maior [INSU] foi observada no T-GNa400 (~18,6 µIU/mL), seguido pelo T-G400 (~13,1 µIU/mL) e pelo T-GNa200 (~9,3 µIU/mL) (P < 0,001). Não ocorreram diferenças entre os tratamentos e entre as fases na [PPT]. Conclui-se que a glicose de milho, com sódio, durante o teste oral com ingestão produz curvas sanguíneas de glicose e insulina quando comparado com produto sem sódio, quando os equinos estão em jejum, sendo mais elevadas no T-GNa400.