bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability evaluation of the CAEN DT5202 for high-rate data acquisition
Authors: Buchakchiev Valentin , Buhl Alexander , Kozhuharov Venelin , Bearden Ian
Published: January 2024

Multichannel readout systems play an important role in contemporary physics experiments. Apart from custom-designed highly specialized electronics, several commercial solutions exist on the market. The CAEN DT5202 readout module, comprised of two Citiroc 1A ASICs for a total of 64 channels, was chosen as a typical example. Its performance was studied in specific use cases in a laboratory test environment. The preliminary results of the tests and the evaluation of the hardware module for its applicability in particle detector readout systems are presented. In addition, the control software shipped together with the module has also been studied and its current limitations are discussed.
Profile Characterization of the PADME Experiment’s Positron Beam Using a TimePix3 Sensor Array
Authors: Ivanov S. , Ivanov Sv. ,   the PADME collaboration
Published: January 2024

A control and data acquisition software operating a TimePix3 sensor array from Advacam is described. A method for characterizing the positron beam used in the PADME Experiment is proposed and preliminary results obtained from data taking during the Fall 2022 are presented.
Experimental study and geometrical method to design bio-inspired robotic kinematic chains of inching-locomotion caterpillars
Authors: Cornejo José , Sierra-Garcia J Enrique , Gomez-Gil Francisco Javier , Grados Juan , Palomares Ricardo , Weitzenfeld Alfredo
Published: January 2024

Inching-locomotion caterpillars (ILAR) show impressive environmental adaptation, having high dexterity and flexibility. To design robots that mimic these abilities, a novel bioinspired robotic design (BIROD) method is presented. The method is composed by an algorithm for geometrical kinematic analysis (GEKINS) to standardize the proportional dimensions according to the insect’s anatomy and obtain the kinematic chains. The approach is experimentally applied to analyze the locomotion and kinematic chain of these specimens: Geometridae—two pair of prolegs (represents 35 000 species) and Plusiinae—three pair of prolegs (represents 400 species). The obtained data indicate that the application of the proposed method permits to locate the attachment mechanisms, joints, links, and to calculate angular displacement, angular average velocity, number of degrees of freedom, and thus the kinematic chain. Geometridae in contrast to Plusiinae, shows a longer walk-stride length, a lower number of single-rotational joints in 2D (3 DOF versus 4 DOF), and a lower number of dual-rotational joints in 3D (6 DOF versus 8 DOF). The application of BIROD and GEKINS provides the forward kinematics for 35 400 ILAR species and are expected to be useful as a preliminary phase for the design of bio-inspired arthropod robots.
Advancing single-cell RNA-seq data analysis through the fusion of multi-layer perceptron and graph neural network
Authors: Feng Xiang , Xiu Yu-Han , Long Hai-Xia , Wang Zi-Tong , Bilal Anas , Yang Li-Ming
Published: January 2024

The advancement of single-cell sequencing technology has smoothed the ability to do biological studies at the cellular level. Nevertheless, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data presents several obstacles due to the considerable heterogeneity, sparsity and complexity. Although many machine-learning models have been devised to tackle these difficulties, there is still a need to enhance their efficiency and accuracy. Current deep learning methods often fail to fully exploit the intrinsic interconnections within cells, resulting in unsatisfactory results. Given these obstacles, we propose a unique approach for analyzing scRNA-seq data called scMPN. This methodology integrates multi-layer perceptron and graph neural network, including attention network, to execute gene imputation and cell clustering tasks. In order to evaluate the gene imputation performance of scMPN, several metrics like cosine similarity, median L1 distance and root mean square error are used. These metrics are utilized to compare the efficacy of scMPN with other existing approaches. This research utilizes criteria such as adjusted mutual information, normalized mutual information and integrity score to assess the efficacy of cell clustering across different approaches. The superiority of scMPN over current single-cell data processing techniques in cell clustering and gene imputation investigations is shown by the experimental findings obtained from four datasets with gold-standard cell labels. This observation demonstrates the efficacy of our suggested methodology in using deep learning methodologies to enhance the interpretation of scRNA-seq data.
High-grade prostate cancer demonstrates preferential growth in the cranio-caudal axis and provides discrimination of disease grade in an MRI parametric model
Authors: Mukherjee Subhabrata , Papadopoulos Dimitrios , Chari Natasha , Ellis David , Charitopoulos Konstantinos , Donkov Ivo , Bishara Samuel
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To determine if multiparametric MRI prostate cancer (PC) lesion dimensions in different axes could distinguish between PC, grade group (GG) >2, and GG >3 on targeted transperineal biopsy and create and validate a predictive model on a separate cohort.

Methods

The maximum transverse, anterio-posterior, and cranio-caudal lesion dimensions were assessed against the presence of any cancer, GG >2, and GG >3 on biopsy by binary logistic regression. The optimum multivariate models were evaluated on a separate cohort.

Results

One hundred and ninety-three lesions from 148 patients were evaluated. Increased lesion volume, Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score, and decreased Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) were associated with increased GG (P < .001). The ratio of cranio-caudal to anterior-posterior lesion dimension increased from 1.20 (95% CI, 1.14-1.25) for GG ≤ 3 to 1.43 (95% CI, 1.28-1.57) for GG > 3 (P = .0022). The cranio-caudal dimension of the lesion was the strongest predictor of GG >3 (P = .000, area under the receiver operator characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.81). The best multivariate models had an AUC of 0.84 for cancer, 0.88 for GG > 2, and 0.89 for GG > 3. These models were evaluated on a separate cohort of 40 patients with 61 lesions. They demonstrated an AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.82, 82.3%, and 55.5%, respectively, for the detection of cancer. For GG > 2, the models achieved an AUC of 0.84, sensitivity of 91.7%, and specificity of 69.4%. Additionally, for GG > 3, the models showed an AUC of 0.92, sensitivity of 88.9%, and specificity of 98.1%.

Conclusions

Cranio-caudal lesion dimension when used in conjunction with other parameters can create a model superior to the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data Systems score in predicting cancer.

Advances in knowledge

Higher-grade PC has a propensity to grow in the cranio-caudal direction, and this could be factored into MRI-based predictive models of prostate biopsy grade.
Towards the Clinical Implementation of Extracellular Vesicle-Based Biomarker Assays for Cancer
Authors: Van Dorpe Sofie , Tummers Philippe , Denys Hannelore , Hendrix An
Published: January 2024

Background

Substantial research has been devoted to elucidating the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the different hallmarks of cancer. Consequently, EVs are increasingly explored as a source of cancer biomarkers in body fluids. However, the heterogeneity in EVs, the complexity of body fluids, and the diversity in methods available for EV analysis, challenge the development and translation of EV-based biomarker assays.

Content

Essential steps in EV-associated biomarker development are emphasized covering biobanking, biomarker discovery, verification and validation, and clinical implementation. A meticulous study design is essential and ideally results from close interactions between clinicians and EV researchers. A plethora of different EV preparation protocols exists which warrants quality control and transparency to ensure reproducibility and thus enable verification of EV-associated biomarker candidates identified in the discovery phase in subsequent independent cohorts. The development of an EV-associated biomarker assay requires thorough analytical and clinical validation. Finally, regulatory affairs must be considered for clinical implementation of EV-based biomarker assays.

In this review, the current challenges that prevent us from exploiting the full potential of EV-based biomarker assays are identified. Guidelines and tools to overcome these hurdles are highlighted and are crucial to advance EV-based biomarker assays into clinical use.
Spatial and Temporal Relationship between Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Stem Cells in Cancer
Authors: den Hollander Petra , Maddela Joanna Joyce , Mani Sendurai A
Published: January 2024

Background

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is often linked with carcinogenesis. However, EMT is also important for embryo development and only reactivates in cancer. Connecting how EMT occurs during embryonic development and in cancer could help us further understand the root mechanisms of cancer diseases.

Content

There are key regulatory elements that contribute to EMT and the induction and maintenance of stem cell properties during embryogenesis, tissue regeneration, and carcinogenesis. Here, we explore the implications of EMT in the different stages of embryogenesis and tissue development. We especially highlight the necessity of EMT in the mesodermal formation and in neural crest cells. Through EMT, these cells gain epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity (EMP). With this transition, crucial morphological changes occur to progress through the metastatic cascade as well as tissue regeneration after an injury. Stem-like cells, including cancer stem cells, are generated from EMT and during this process upregulate factors necessary for stem cell maintenance. Hence, it is important to understand the key regulators allowing stem cell awakening in cancer, which increases plasticity and promotes treatment resistance, to develop strategies targeting this cell population and improve patient outcomes.

EMT involves multifaceted regulation to allow the fluidity needed to facilitate adaptation. This regulatory mechanism, plasticity, involves many cooperating transcription factors. Additionally, posttranslational modifications, such as splicing, activate the correct isoforms for either epithelial or mesenchymal specificity. Moreover, epigenetic regulation also occurs, such as acetylation and methylation. Downstream signaling ultimately results in the EMT which promotes tissue generation/regeneration and cancer progression.
Effects of nonintubated thoracoscopic surgery on postoperative neurocognitive function: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hsiung Ping-Yan , Shih Po-Yuan , Wu Yi-Luen , Chen Hsin-Ting , Hsu Hsao-Hsun , Lin Mong-Wei , Cheng Ya-Jung , Wu Chun-Yu
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVES

Postoperative neurocognitive disorder following thoracoscopic surgery with general anaesthesia may be linked to reduced intraoperative cerebral oxygenation and perioperative inflammation, which can potentially be exacerbated by mechanical ventilation. However, nonintubated thoracoscopic surgery, which utilizes regional anaesthesia and maintains spontaneous breathing, provides a unique model for studying the potential benefits of avoiding mechanical ventilation. This approach allows investigation into the impact on perioperative neurocognitive profiles, inflammatory responses and intraoperative cerebral oxygen levels.

METHODS

In total, 110 patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery were randomly equally assigned to the intubated group and the nonintubated group. Regional cerebral oxygenation was monitored during surgery. Serum neuroinflammatory biomarkers, including interleukin-6 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, were measured at baseline (before surgery) and 24 h after surgery. Postoperative complication severity was compared using the Comprehensive Complication Index. The primary outcome was perioperative changes in neurocognitive test score, which was assessed at baseline, 24 h and 6 months after surgery.

RESULTS

Patients in the nonintubated group had higher neurocognitive test scores at 24 h (69.9 ± 10.5 vs 65.3 ± 11.8; P = 0.03) and 6 months (70.6 ± 6.7 vs 65.4 ± 8.1; P < 0.01) after surgery and significantly higher regional cerebral oxygenation over time during one-lung ventilation (P = 0.03). Patients in the intubated group revealed a significantly higher postoperative serum interleukin-6 level (group by time interaction, P = 0.04) and a trend towards a significantly higher serum glial fibrillary acidic protein level (group by time interaction, P = 0.11). Furthermore, patients in the nonintubated group had a significantly lower Comprehensive Complication Index (9.0 ± 8.2 vs 6.1 ± 7.1; P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Nonintubated thoracoscopic surgery was associated with improved postoperative neurocognitive recovery, more stable intraoperative cerebral oxygenation, ameliorated perioperative inflammation and attenuated postoperative complication severity.
A Finite Topological Type Theorem for Open Manifolds with Non-negative Ricci Curvature and Almost Maximal Local Rewinding Volume
Authors: Huang HongZhi
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we present finite topological type theorems for open manifolds with non-negative Ricci curvature, under almost maximal local rewinding volume. Unlike previous related research, our theorems remove the constraints of sectional curvature or conjugate radius, which were crucial additional assumptions on metric regularity in prior results. Notably, our settings do not necessarily satisfy a triangle comparison of Toponogov type. In fact, the method we adopt also extends to many previous related studies.
Frailty increases the long-term risk for fall and fracture-related hospitalizations and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older women
Authors: Dent Elsa , Dalla Via Jack , Bozanich Trent , Hoogendijk Emiel O , Gebre Abadi K , Smith Cassandra , Zhu Kun , Prince Richard L , Lewis Joshua R , Sim Marc
Published: January 2024

Frailty is associated with declines in physiological capacity across sensory, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems. An underlying assumption is that the frailer an individual, the more likely they are to experience falls and fractures. We examined whether grades of frailty can assess the long-term risk of hospitalized falls, fractures, and all-cause mortality in 1261 community-dwelling older women (mean age [SD] of 75.1 [2.7] yr) over 14.5 yr. Frailty was operationalized using a frailty index (FI) of cumulative deficits from 33 variables across multiple health domains (physical, mental, comorbidities) at baseline. The total score across these variables was summed and divided by 33 to obtain the FI. Participants were graded as fit (FI ≤ 0.12), mildly frail (FI > 0.12–0.24), moderately frail (FI > 0.24–0.36), or severely frail (FI > 0.36). Fall-related (n = 498), any fracture-related (n = 347), and hip fracture–related hospitalizations (n = 137) and deaths (n = 482) were obtained from linked health records. Associations between FI grades and clinical outcomes were analyzed using multivariable-adjusted Cox-proportional hazard models including age, treatment (calcium/placebo), BMI, smoking history, socioeconomic status, plasma vitamin D (25OHD) status plus season obtained, physical activity, self-reported prevalent falls in the last 3 mo, and self-reported fractures since the age of 50 yr. At baseline, 713 (56.5%), 350 (27.8%), 163 (12.9%), and 35 (2.8%) of women were classified as fit, mildly frail, moderately frail, and severely frail, respectively. Women with mild, moderate, and severe frailty had significantly higher hazards (all P < .05) for a fall-related (46%, 104%, 168%), any fracture-related (88% for moderate, 193% for severe frailty), hip fracture–related hospitalizations (93%, 127%, 129%), and all-cause mortality (47%, 126%, 242%). The FI identified community-dwelling older women at risk for the most serious falls and fractures and may be incorporated into risk assessment tools to identify individuals with poorer clinical prognosis.
A sewing needle in the liver: a case report and literature review
Authors: Shimooki Osamu , Ito Naoko , Hakozaki Masanori , Minakawa Yukihiro , Tono Chihiro , Abe Tadashi
Published: January 2024

Intrahepatic foreign bodies are rarely reported. Although rare, a few reports of swallowed foreign bodies straying into the liver from the gastrointestinal tract have been published. Herein, we report a case in which an asymptomatic intrahepatic needle was removed laparoscopically. An 81-year-old woman presented to our hospital with an abnormal shadow on her abdominal X-ray image. Abdominal computed tomography displayed a needle-like shadow obliquely lying in the lateral segment of the left lobe of the liver. No subjective symptoms were reported; however, the patient underwent laparoscopic extraction. The postoperative course was good, and the patient was discharged without any complications. We also present a literature review of 27 patients with intrahepatic foreign bodies, a sewing needle.
Granular cell tumor of the brain: case report and review of literature
Authors: Duvuru Shyam , Sanker Vivek , Pandit Deepak , Khan Sheezah , Alebrahim Sara , Dave Tirth
Published: January 2024

Granular cell tumors are rare tumors that develop from Schwann cells, which are glial cells surrounding neurons of the peripheral nervous system, which serve in the process of myelination. Granular cell tumors are rarely associated with the central nervous system in humans. In this report, we analyze a patient with granular cell tumor and review the current literature.
In situ open repair of renal artery aneurysm in 43-year-old with solitary kidney: a case report
Authors: Wells Alix , Lokanathan Ramesh , Webb Mitchell , Lie Jessica J
Published: January 2024

Renal artery aneurysms are rare. Indications for management include size > 3 cm, female gender within childbearing age, pain, hematuria, medically refractory hypertension, thromboembolism, dissection, and rupture. Management options include endovascular, open repair, and ex vivo approaches. A 43-year-old female with a history of polycystic kidney disease, solitary kidney, and uncontrolled hypertension was found to have a proximal large renal aneurysm on imaging. The patient underwent an in situ open aneurysm resection, temporary shunt insertion, and patch repair with good postoperative outcomes. Whereas previous studies showed the success of ex vivo repair and autotransplantation in large aneurysms with solitary kidneys, our case demonstrated that in situ open repair and patch with the use of a temporary shunt is a feasible and effective option. In a patient with a solitary kidney and large proximal renal artery aneurysm, an in situ open approach and patch repair with shunt insertion should be considered.
Management of cerebral abscess with large ventricular septal defect in rural area: a case report
Authors: Argie Donny , Lukito Patrick Putra , Soegianto Sugi Deny Pranoto , Tiluata Leonora Johana , Lauren Christopher
Published: January 2024

Cerebral abscess is an uncommon complication of cyanotic heart disease. However, it has a high case fatality rate, and its management requires a multidisciplinary approach. Earlier diagnosis would result in a better outcome. In this report, we presented a case of a 6-year-old boy with a cerebral abscess and a large ventricular septal defect, which was treated surgically in a rural area with a limited resources facility.
Malakoplakia of the small intestine presenting as an abdominal mass
Authors: Akhverdyan Nazar , Mutter Marina
Published: January 2024

Malakoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous disease that typically involves the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts of immunocompromised individuals. Characteristic histologic features include von Hansemann cells and Michaelis–Gutmann bodies. Clinical manifestations, based on the organ system effected, range from cutaneous lesions, irritative urinary symptoms, and hematochezia. We report a rare example of malakoplakia presenting as an abdominal mass with extensive intestinal and pelvic involvement complicated by a superficial polymicrobial abscess. This case report aims to describe the proposed pathogenesis, variable clinical presentation, and surgical management of malakoplakia.
Single staged buttress plating with constrained knee arthroplasty for distal femur fractures in the elderly
Authors: Robles Emilio L , Linsley Catherine M , Burge John R
Published: January 2024

Treatment options for distal femur fractures include open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), arthroplasty, or a hybrid of both. We present a 76 year old female with left knee pain secondary to known osteoarthritis, known lateral condyle insufficiency fracture, and an acute medial condyle fracture. In order to solve the acute and chronic problems in a single procedure, a combined ORIF and constrained condylar knee (CCK) arthroplasty was performed. Arthroplasty alone would have required a highly constrained distal femur replacement, and ORIF alone would have caused prolonged immobilization and continued morbidity from unaddressed chronic problems. We chose a CCK as a less constrained implant would not have protected our ORIF which contained the medial collateral ligament attachment. This technique avoids the complications of ORIF alone, and avoids the known complications of increased constraint in total knee arthroplasty.
On the evolution of a twisted thin accretion disc in eccentric inclined supermassive binary black holes
Authors: Ivanov P B , Zhuravlev V V
Published: January 2024

We propose a model of a twisted accretion disc around a Kerr black hole interacting with a secondary black hole of a smaller mass on an inclined eccentric orbit. We use parameters of the system, which may be appropriate for the so-called precessing massive model of OJ 287. We calculate expressions for torque exerted on the disc by the secondary and a contribution of the secondary to the apsidal precession of disc elements by a double averaging procedure over the periods of the secondary and the disc elements. These expressions are used at all scales of interest, including the ones inside the binary orbit. We calculate numerically the evolution of the disc tilt and twist assuming a flat initial configuration. We consider the disc aspect ratio h/r = 10−3, a rather large viscosity parameter α = 0.1 and several values of the primary rotational parameter, χ. We find that, after a few periods of Lense–Thirring precession of the orbit, the disc relaxes to a quasi-stationary configuration in the precessing frame with a non-trivial distribution of the disc inclination angle, β, over the radial scale. We propose an analytic model for this configuration. We show that the presence of the twisted disc leads to multiple crossings of the disc by the secondary per one orbital period, with time periods between the crossings being different from the flat disc model. Our results should be taken into account in the modelling of OJ 287. They can also be applied to similar sources.
Identifying Clinical Phenotypes in People Who Are Hispanic/Latino With Chronic Low Back Pain: Use of Sensor-Based Measures of Posture and Movement, Pain, and Psychological Factors
Authors: Gombatto Sara P , Bailey Barbara , Bari Monica , Bouchekara Juna , Holmes Alyssa , Lenz Stephanie , Simmonds Kerry , Vonarb Alexandra , Whelehon Kim , Batalla Cristina Rangel , Monroe Katrina S
Published: January 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify clinical phenotypes using sensor-based measures of posture and movement, pain behavior, and psychological factors in Hispanic/Latino people with chronic low back pain (CLBP).

Methods

Baseline measures from an ongoing clinical trial were analyzed for 81 Hispanic/Latino people with CLBP. Low back posture and movement were measured using commercial sensors during in-person testing and 8 hours of ecological monitoring. Magnitude, frequency, and duration of lumbar movements, sitting and standing postures were measured. Movement-evoked pain was assessed during in-person movement testing. Psychological measures included the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire. Random forest analysis was conducted to generate 2 groups and identify important variables that distinguish groups. Group differences in demographics, pain, psychological, and posture and movement variables were examined using t-tests and chi-square analyses.

Results

Two subgroups of Hispanic/Latino people with CLBP were identified with minimal error (7.4% misclassification [“out-of-bag” error]). Ecological posture and movement measures best distinguished groups, although most movement-evoked pain and psychological measures did not. Group 1 had greater height and weight, lower movement frequency, more time in sitting, and less time in standing. Group 2 had a greater proportion of women than men, longer low back pain duration, higher movement frequency, more time in standing, and less time in sitting.

Conclusion

Two distinct clinical phenotypes of Hispanic/Latino people with CLBP were identified. One group was distinguished by greater height and weight and more sedentary posture and movement behavior; the second group had more women, longer duration of low back pain, higher lumbar spine movement frequency, and longer duration of standing postures.

Impact

Ecological measures of posture and movement are important for identifying 2 clinical phenotypes in Hispanic/Latino people with CLBP and may provide a basis for a more personalized plan of care.

Lay Summary

Wearable sensors were used to measure low back posture and movement in Hispanic/Latino people with chronic low back pain. These posture and movement measures helped to identify 2 different clinical subgroups that will give physical therapists more information to better personalize treatment for chronic low back pain in Hispanic/Latino patients.
Disrupted topological properties of structural brain networks present a glutamatergic neuropathophysiology in people with narcolepsy
Authors: Chen Guoyan , Wang Wen , Wu Haoyang , Zhao Xianchao , Kang Xiaopeng , Ren Jiafeng , Zhang Jun , Sun Yingzhi , He Jiaxiu , Sun Shihui , Zhong Zhao , Shang Danqing , Fan Mengmeng , Cheng Jinxiang , Zhang Dan , Su Changjun , Lin Jiaji
Published: January 2024

Study Objectives

Growing evidences have documented various abnormalities of the white matter bundles in people with narcolepsy. We sought to evaluate topological properties of brain structural networks, and their association with symptoms and neuropathophysiological features in people with narcolepsy.

Methods

Diffusion tensor imaging was conducted for people with narcolepsy (n = 30) and matched healthy controls as well as symptoms assessment. Structural connectivity for each participant was generated to analyze global and regional topological properties and their correlations with narcoleptic features. Further human brain transcriptome was extracted and spatially registered for connectivity vulnerability. Genetic functional enrichment analysis was performed and further clarified using in vivo emission computed tomography data.

Results

A wide and dramatic decrease in structural connectivities was observed in people with narcolepsy, with descending network degree and global efficiency. These metrics were not only correlated with sleep latency and awakening features, but also reflected alterations of sleep macrostructure in people with narcolepsy. Network-based statistics identified a small hyperenhanced subnetwork of cingulate gyrus that was closely related to rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in narcolepsy. Further imaging genetics analysis suggested glutamatergic signatures were responsible for the preferential vulnerability of connectivity alterations in people with narcolepsy, while additional PET/SPECT data verified that structural alteration was significantly correlated with metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlutR5) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA).

Conclusions

People with narcolepsy endured a remarkable decrease in the structural architecture, which was not only closely related to narcolepsy symptoms but also glutamatergic signatures.
Series of Resistance Genes in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) that Control Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus Multiplication and the Root-to-Leaf Systemic Movement
Authors: Mishina Kohei , Kai Hiroomi , Hamada Michio , Haraguchi Yuhi , Oono Youko , Ordon Frank , Komatsuda Takao
Published: January 2024

The infection of young winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) root system in winter by barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) can lead to high yield losses. Resistance breeding is critical for managing this virus, but there are only a few reports on resistance genes that describe how the genes control BaYMV propagation and the systemic movement from the roots to the leaves. Here we report a real-time quantitative PCR analysis of the virus in barley roots and leaves carrying BaYMV resistance genes (rym1 to rym15 and an unknown gene) to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the barley response to BaYMV. The resistance mechanism directly targets the virus. Moreover, the resistance genes/cultivars were classified into the following three groups according to their BaYMV titer: (i) immune (BaYMV was undetectable in the roots or leaves), (ii) partially immune (BaYMV was detected in the roots but not in the leaves), and (iii) susceptible (BaYMV was detected in the roots and leaves). Our results clarified the functions of the resistance genes in barley roots and leaves following a BaYMV infection. We anticipate our analysis to be a starting point for more understanding of the correspondence between resistance genes of Triticeae and the soil-borne viruses.
Leaf Spot Disease Development and Its Effect on Yield of Essential Oil-Producing Hemp Cultivars in Kentucky
Authors: Munir Misbakhul , Smith Henry , Valentine Tara , Leonberger Kim , Szarka Desiree , Dixon Ed , Anthony Noah , Ricciardi Magdalena , Adedokun Toni , Keene Tom , Pearce Robert , Gauthier Nicole
Published: January 2024

Leaf spot diseases are common on field hemp, causing defoliation, and blighting. The most prevalent leaf spot diseases of hemp in Kentucky are Bipolaris leaf spot (Bipolaris gigantea), Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora flagellaris), and Septoria leaf spot (Septoria cannabis). In this study, disease progression, cultivar susceptibility, and yield loss were examined using cultivars from four relatedness groups at two locations and in two growing seasons. Septoria leaf spot was the first leaf spot disease to be observed in the field, followed by Bipolaris leaf spot. Both diseases reduced canopy density. Cercospora leaf spot developed in the late reproductive stages as harvest approached. A wide range of susceptibility was documented, suggesting genetic variability across cultivars. Trump group cultivars were the most susceptible, while Otto II group cultivars were the least susceptible. Most importantly, leaf spot diseases had minimal influence on floral biomass and no effect on CBD yield, suggesting that, regardless of disease severity, leaf spot diseases may seldom warrant management. While the importance of foliar disease and corresponding yield loss can shift over time, variation in disease progress among leaf spot diseases and susceptibility of hemp cultivars documented in this study suggest potential disease management through cultural practices such as cultivar and planting date selections.
Upregulation of proBDNF/p75NTR signaling in immune cells and its correlation with inflammatory markers in patients with major depression
Authors: Yang Chun‐Rui , Liang Rui , Liu Yuan , Meng Fan‐Jie , Zhou Fiona , Zhang Xiao‐Yang , Ning Li , Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Liu Shuang , Zhou Xin‐Fu
Published: January 2024

ProBDNF is the precursor protein of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Previous studies showed that the blood levels of both proBDNF and p75 neurotrophic receptors (p75NTR) in major depressive disorder (MDD) were increased, but which blood cell types express proBDNF and its receptors is not known. Furthermore, the relationship between proBDNF/p75NTR and inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood of MDD is unclear. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum were obtained from depressive patients (n = 32) and normal donors (n = 20). We examined the expression of proBDNF and inflammatory markers and their correlative relationship in patients with major depression. Using flow cytometry analysis, we examined which blood cells express proBDNF and its receptors. Finally, the role of proBDNF/p75NTR signal in inflammatory immune activity of PBMCs was verified in vitro experiments. Inflammatory cytokines in PBMC from MDD patients were increased and correlated with the major depression scores. The levels of IL‐1β and IL‐10 were also positively correlated with the major depression scores, while the levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6 were negatively correlated with the major depression scores. Intriguingly, the levels of sortilin were positively correlated with IL‐1β. Q‐PCR and Western blots showed proBDNF, p75NTR, and sortilin levels were significantly increased in PBMCs from MDD patients compared with that from the normal donors. Flow cytometry studies showed that proBDNF and p75NTR were present mainly in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The number of proBDNF and p75NTR positive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from MDD patients was increased and subsequently reversed after therapeutic management. Exogenous proBDNF protein or p75ECD‐Fc treatment of cultured PBMC affected the release of inflammatory cytokines in vitro. ProBDNF promoted the expression of inflammatory cytokines, while p75ECD‐Fc inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Given there was an inflammatory response of lymphocytes to proBDNF, it is suggested that proBDNF/p75NTR signaling may upstream inflammatory cytokines in MDD. Our data suggest that proBDNF/p75NTR signaling may not only serve as biomarkers but also may be a potential therapeutic target for MDD.
Analogs of α‐conotoxin PnIC selectively inhibit α7β2‐ over α7‐only subtype nicotinic acetylcholine receptors via a novel allosteric mechanism
Authors: George Andrew A. , John Sabin J. , Lucero Linda M. , Eaton J. Brek , Jaiswal Ekta , Christensen Sean B. , Gajewiak Joanna , Watkins Maren , Cao Yiwei , Olivera Baldomero M. , Im Wonpil , McIntosh J. Michael , Whiteaker Paul
Published: January 2024

This study was undertaken to identify and characterize the first ligands capable of selectively identifying nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing α7 and β2 subunits (α7β2‐nAChR subtype). Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons express α7β2‐nAChR. Here, they appear to mediate neuronal dysfunction induced by the elevated levels of oligomeric amyloid‐β associated with early Alzheimer's disease. Additional work indicates that α7β2‐nAChR are expressed across several further critically important cholinergic and GABAergic neuronal circuits within the central nervous system. Further studies, however, are significantly hindered by the inability of currently available ligands to distinguish heteromeric α7β2‐nAChR from the closely related and more widespread homomeric α7‐only‐nAChR subtype. Functional screening using two‐electrode voltage‐clamp electrophysiology identified a family of α7β2‐nAChR‐selective analogs of α‐conotoxin PnIC (α‐CtxPnIC). A combined electrophysiology, functional kinetics, site‐directed mutagenesis, and molecular dynamics approach was used to further characterize the α7β2‐nAChR selectivity and site of action of these α‐CtxPnIC analogs. We determined that α7β2‐nAChR selectivity of α‐CtxPnIC analogs arises from interactions at a site distinct from the orthosteric agonist‐binding site shared between α7β2‐ and α7‐only‐nAChR. As numerous previously identified α‐Ctx ligands are competitive antagonists of orthosteric agonist‐binding sites, this study profoundly expands the scope of use of α‐Ctx ligands (which have already provided important nAChR research and translational breakthroughs). More immediately, analogs of α‐CtxPnIC promise to enable, for the first time, both comprehensive mapping of the distribution of α7β2‐nAChR and detailed investigations of their physiological roles.
Equitable Care for Patients With Disabilities
Authors: Barbera Julie P. , Cichon Bridget , Ankam Nethra , Schwartz Beth I.
Published: January 2024

All patients deserve high-quality health care. Patients with disabilities have historically experienced discrimination in health care and subsequently detrimental health outcomes. Health care professionals often lack confidence and preparedness in treating patients with disabilities effectively. Barriers such as communication difficulties, biased assumptions, and inadequate equipment hinder comprehensive care. These barriers to care lead to health inequalities and a diminished overall quality of life for individuals with disabilities. Existing clinical guidelines for care of this underserved population are lacking. This article establishes a comprehensive educational framework and accessible reference tools for gynecologic health care professionals to enhance their ability to offer inclusive and effective care to patients with disabilities. Insights in this article stem from expert consensus among clinicians experienced in this field and ongoing dialog with community-based disability care partners. We present actionable steps to cultivate an open, adaptable, and patient-centric method to actively engage patients and to provide suitable accommodations when needed.
Improving Sexual Health Across the Life Span Through Integrated Care in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Hunter Winnifred , Pettigrew Jessica , Carpenter Kristen M. , Worly Brett , Coons Helen L.
Published: January 2024

Sexual health is a vital part of physical, emotional, and relational well-being among adults across the life span. While patients are reluctant to discuss their sexual concerns, Obstetrics and Gynecology providers are especially well positioned to improve sexual functioning and satisfaction through screening, education, prevention and early intervention, treatment, and integrating behavioral health and sexual medicine services in their clinical practices. This article sets out to provide applied information and perspectives to foster the development of interprofessional sexual medicine services in Obstetrics and Gynecology practices in hospital and community settings.
Integrating Mental Health Care in Ambulatory Obstetrical Practices: Strategies and Models
Authors: Bell Keisha , Ashby Bethany D. , Scott Stephen M. , Poleshuck Ellen
Published: January 2024

Perinatal mental health is recognized as a priority component of obstetrical care. Perinatal patients often turn to their obstetrician for help with mental health concerns as they view them as their primary health care provider. Unfortunately, obstetricians face challenges in providing adequate support due to time constraints and limited expertise. Integrated behavioral health care offers a collaborative and cost-effective solution to enhance patient care and clinician satisfaction. Integrated behavioral health clinicians possess fundamental skills to care for patients throughout the reproductive lifespan and assist obstetricians in identifying and managing common mood concerns.
A modification of the intraocular lens blocking technique without posterior capsulorhexis for intraocular foreign body removal
Authors: Saygılı Oğuzhan , Seyyar Sevim Ayça , Tokuç Ecem Önder
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

The intraocular lens (IOL) blocking technique described for the removal of intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB) emerged as a result of an effort to prevent the foreign body from being retracted into the posterior segment due to the resistance encountered while removing it from the corneal incision. However, in the technique described, in addition to the difficulty of the surgical procedure, the new concern is to create a posterior capsulorhexis according to the size of the foreign body and to pass the foreign body through the capsulorhexis.

Methods:

Here we describe a new approach to the IOL blocking technique. In this approach, the IOFB, which is held with intraocular forceps without any opening in the posterior capsule, is held in a perpendicular position to the long axis, lifted directly into the anterior chamber, and safely removed from the front of the monoblock foldable IOL.

Results:

In all patients treated with this approach, IOFBs were successfully removed without intraoperative or postoperative complications, and postoperative IOL centralization was achieved in all patients.

Conclusion:

This approach may provide practicality to the IOL blocking technique.
Updates in hyponatremia and hypernatremia
Authors: Saba Leslie , Hanna Christian , Creo Ana L.
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review

Hyponatremia and hypernatremia are commonly encountered electrolyte abnormalities that require timely and careful intervention, as they can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Recent findings

This review article addresses the etiology, presentation, diagnosis, and management of both hyponatremia and hypernatremia, emphasizing the latest advancements and emerging trends in pediatric care.

A methodical approach is needed to accurately assess and treat hyponatremia and hypernatremia. Both conditions continue to rely on serum and urine testing, however newer tests such as copeptin and stimulated testing may hold promise to further refine testing in the future.
A rare delayed onset of esophageal varices and portal vein thrombosis in a ten-year-old patient following umbilical vein catheterization
Authors: Abdoh Qusay , Darwish Abdalaziz , Alnees Mohammad , Awwad Mahdi , Najajra Duha , Alsadi Mai , Alawneh Maysa
Published: January 2024

Introduction and significance:

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is not commonly observed in patients, particularly those who have gone through neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stays and had umbilical catheters. Although PVT can potentially cause hypertension and gastrointestinal bleeding it is highly unusual for this condition to manifest during childhood.

Case presentation:

The authors present a case of a 10-year-old child who developed portal hypertension, esophageal varices, and multiple thrombophilia associated mutations. This child was born prematurely. Had to stay in the NICU, where an umbilical venous catheter was used which likely triggered the development of PVT. At the age of 7 he started experiencing distension, anemia and low platelet count, which eventually led to splenectomy. On at the age of 10 he began experiencing episodes of bleeding. Was diagnosed with esophageal varices and portal gastropathy. Through procedures, like Histoacryl glue injection and band ligation bleeding was successfully controlled. Genetic analysis revealed mutations associated with thrombophilia.

Clinical discussion:

This case highlights how rare it is for older children to develop PVT and emphasizes the possibility of delayed onset symptoms following catheterization. The placement of catheters in NICUs can disrupt blood flow and increase the likelihood of clot formation. The presence of hypertension resulting from PVT can lead to complications such as varices. Effective control, over bleeding was achieved through interventions.

Importantly, the presence of ACE I/D, FXIII Val34Leu, and Factor V Leiden mutations introduces an aspect to this scenario. It is worth noting that these mutations are not commonly linked to thrombophilia or clotting disorders.

Conclusion:

This case highlights pediatric PVT, emphasizing the need for a collaborative approach among gastroenterologists, hematologists, and geneticists. Further research is required to understand PVT mechanisms and long-term implications, aiding in diagnosis and management, especially when it appears in late childhood. Evaluation is crucial in deciphering thrombophilia-related complications in the context of hypertension.
A 5 kg giant breast lipoma in a 40-year-old woman: a case report
Authors: Sharma Samit , Rayamajhi Aadesh , Chapagain Abhishek , Shrestha Jayan Man
Published: January 2024

Introduction and importance:

Lipomas are benign tumours composed of adipocytes surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule. Although they make up 16% of mesenchymal tumours, the occurrence of breast lipomas is uncertain. Giant lipomas, measuring 10 cm or more in diameter or weighing at least 1000 g, commonly occur in the upper back, neck, and thigh, and are rare in the breast. Given its rarity, accurately diagnosing a giant breast lipoma is crucial to prevent potential overtreatment, as it might otherwise be mistaken for a malignant tumour.

Case presentation:

A 40-year-old woman presented with a painless, gradually enlarging left breast mass. Physical examination and imaging studies revealed a lipoma-compatible mass. Surgery was performed, and the 5 kg mass was enucleated and identified as a lipoma on histopathology. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery and was satisfied with the outcome of the surgery after 2 months of follow-up.

Clinical discussion:

Breast lipomas are more common in the 40–60 years age group, with giant lipomas occurring more frequently in the latter half of this age range. They can mimic various breast conditions, including neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions, and are often treated with surgical excision to avoid recurrence. The location of the lipoma in the breast can be subcutaneous or intramuscular, and preserving the future pedicle of reduction mammoplasty/mastopexy is essential.

Conclusion:

Giant breast lipoma is an infrequent condition that can manifests as progressive enlargement of the breast, posing a diagnostic challenge due to its resemblance to various benign or malignant pathologies.
Assessment of severity and feto-maternal outcomes among COVID-19 infected pregnant females hospitalized at tertiary care center in western Nepal
Authors: Pandit Chandika , Paneru Rupa , Chapagain Sachita , Lama Chandani S. , Khadka Bijeeta , Shrestha Sabin , Basnet Archana , Subedi Kabil , Koirala Rupak Ranjan , Maharjan Sandhya , Karn Mitesh
Published: January 2024

Objective:

There is a paucity of data assessing the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and feto-maternal outcomes in pregnant women in Nepal, especially during the third wave of the pandemic with the Delta variant. This study aimed to severity as well as maternal-fetal outcomes among pregnant women with COVID-19 infection.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study carried out amongst COVID-19 positive pregnant women visiting our institution for 6 months from January through June 2022, data surrounding COVID-19 severity and fetal outcomes were collected in a structured questionnaire. Disease severity was categorized based on the NIH (National Institutes of Health) severity classification. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the outcomes.

Results:

A total of 105 pregnant females infected with COVID-19 during the third wave were included in our study. The participants ranged from 16 through 40 years, mean gestational age being 36.6 weeks. Most of the women (40.55%) belonged to Brahmin and Chhetri ethnic backgrounds. About half (48.55%) of females were asymptomatic and four patients had severe disease requiring intensive care management. Only 13 pregnant females underwent vaccination. Of the 91 females that underwent delivery at our center, 77 (84.62%) were term. The rate of cesarean delivery was slightly higher (51.65%) than normal delivery. None of the babies born to COVID-positive pregnant females tested positive for COVID-19 and there were no stillbirths or any congenital anomalies. The majority of babies (68.14%) had normal fetal weight.

Conclusion:

Severe COVID-19 infection and adverse maternal-fetal outcomes during the third wave of COVID-19 infection with the Delta variant in Nepal were less than in other regions of the world despite low rates of vaccination.