bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat Treatment Effect on Pitting Corrosion of Super Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S32750 GTA Welds
Authors: Moon In June , Jang Bok Su , Koh Jin Hyun
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of heat treatment (930°C, 1080°C, 1230°C) followed by quenching on the pitting corrosion resistance, sigma phase precipitation, and microstructural change of a super duplex stainless steel (UNS S32750) welds made by gas tungsten arc (GTA). Based on the microstructural examination, the σ phase was formed in welds heat treated at 930°C while there were little σ phases formed in welds experienced the relatively fast cooling from 1080°C and 1230°C. Accordingly, the most weight loss due to pitting corrosion occurred in the as received base and weld metals heat treated at 930°C. It was confirmed that the pitting corrosion occurred in the phase boundaries of ferrite/sigma and austenite/sigma.
Further Studies of Ore-Forming Fluid Sources of Bangpu Molybdenum-Copper Polymetallic Deposit, Tibet
Authors: Zhou Xiong , Zhou Yu , Zhang Yi
Published: August 2013

Bangpu molybdenum-copper polymetallic deposit is located in the eastern section of the Gangdese Porphyry Copper Belt of Tibet. It is a typical large porphyry molybdenum copper polymetallic deposit. The isotope study of fluid inclusions H and O in the quartz (calcite) of various mineralization stages shows that, the ore-forming fluid comes mainly from meteoric hydrothermal caused by atmospheric precipitation, which has consistency with ore-forming fluid sources of Gangdese Porphyry Copper Belt. The Mo-Cu phase with low δD value (-140.5 ~ -104.0 ) suggests a large-scale magmatic degassing. The alteration and mineralization have been caused precisely by the degassing, and the obvious O isotope drift occurred being accompanied by alteration-mineralization, so that the fluid has a low δ18O (vary from 5.50 to 9.0 ). The statistical research indicates that, the massive magmatic degassing occurred in Gangdese Porphyry Copper Belt, and was gradually increased from east to west, suggesting the direct impact of the magmatic degassing on the formation of the porphyry copper-gold deposit and molybdenum copper deposit: the stronger the magmatic degassing, the more easily to form the molybdenum-based porphyry deposit, otherwise it will be formed the deposits dominated by Cu and Au.
Isomerization of α-Pinene over Alumina-Pillared Montmorillonite
Authors: Yao Peng Quan , Zhu Lin Hua , Yang Jin , Si Tian
Published: August 2013

In this work, the liquid phase catalytic isomerization of α-pinene over alumina-pillared montmorillonitewas investigated, and the influence of reaction temperature, reaction time and amount of the catalyston the conversion of α-pinenewere discussed systematically, and the optimum reaction conditions forisomerization of α-pineneover alumina-pillared montmorillonitewere obtained. The basal spacing of thealumina-pillared montmorillonite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, and the liquid reactant was separated and identified by gas chromatography. The result showed that alumina-pillared montmorillonite with 1.83nm of basal spacing exhibited a high catalytic activity for the isomerization of α-pinene, and 97.4% conversion of α-pinene was achievedat 373K for 3hwhen the mass ratio of catalyst to α-pinene was 1/10.
Coiled Tubing Fracturing Tube Pressure Loss Prediction Model
Authors: Li Dan Qiong , Zhang Shi Cheng , Zhang Suian
Published: August 2013

A coiled tubing pressure loss prediction model was established by fluid dynamics theory and method which based on the basic characteristics of the non-Newtonian fluid rheology; Construction displacement, sand ratio and well depth parameters of the pressure loss in the pipe, and calculated pipe pressure loss when the actual pumping process through examples. Thesis proposes: (1) the bend within the pressure loss is an important part of the pressure loss, should be based on the construction object to choice coiled tubing length reasonable, and minimize elbow paragraph length in order to reduce the pipe friction pressure loss. (2) Flow and sand ratio have the same impact of the law with the depth changes in the pressure loss of the straight pipe segment and elbow segment, increases linearly with the depth, flow or sand ratio the larger, more dramatic increase with the depth. Flow or sand ratio the larger the total pressure loss of the tube with the depth decreasing amplitude the greater. (3) According to the actual pump injection procedure, the tube fluid rheological parameters will change, inject pre-flush and replacement fluid the pipe pressure loss low; inject sand mixing liquid friction pressure loss high.
Synthesis and Properties Study of Novel Ferrocene Derivatives
Authors: Liu Peng , Zhang Yu Mei , Zhang Hong Li
Published: August 2013

2-Ferrocenyl-1,1-dicyanobuta-1,3-diene derivatives has been accomplished through the condensation of 2-(1-ferrocenylethylidene) malononitrile and aromatic aldehydes, with sarcosine as the catalyst, in moderate yield (4246%). The electrochemical and photochemical behaviors of the synthesized derivatives have been studied.
Advanced Composites with Multi-Functionality Enhanced by Nanoparticles
Authors: Ye Lin , Zhang Dong Hai , Wang Dong
Published: August 2013

Continuous fibre (carbon or glass) composite laminates with an epoxy matrix modified by nanoparticles (nanosilica of 25 nm or nanocarbon of 35 nm) were fabricated using a vacuum assisted resin infusion technique, aided by hot pressing, that produces high performance composites of a fibre fraction over 60 vol%. The presence of nanoparticles enhances fibre-matrix adhesion, the transverse tensile strength, the unidirectional compression strength, and mode I interlaminar fracture toughness. In particular, the GF/EP composites with the conductive nanoparticles allow the in-situ monitoring of damage (e.g. delamination) growth and impact damage assessment using a novel method of electrical resistivity tomography.
Effect of Glass Compositions on Crystallization and Mechanical Properties of Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramics for Dental Crown
Authors: Monmaturapoj Naruporn , Lawita Pornchanok , Thepsuwan Witoon
Published: August 2013

This work proposes three different glass formula derived from the SiO2-Li2O-K2O-Al2O3 system to investigate the effect of glass compositions on their crystal formation and mechanical properties. Glass LD_1 was SiO2-Li2O-K2O-Al2O3 system with adding P2O5 and CaF2 as nucleating agents. In Glass LD_2, a few amount of MgO was mixed to improve the viscosity of the glass. Finally, an important factor of Si:Li ratio was increased in Glass LD_3. Glass batches were melted at 1500°C and cast into a graphite mold which was annealed at 400-500°C before heat treatment at 700, 750, 800 and 850°C.
XRD results can be indexed Li2Si2O5, Li2SiO3, Ca5(PO4)3F and SiO2 as an early crystallization when heat treated at 700°C. After heat treatment at 750-850°C, the intensity of SiO2 disappeared and the peaks associated to Li3PO4 appeared; meanwhile, Li2Si2O5 increased in intensity. Adding MgO resulted in decreasing the viscosity of the glass with no significant effects on the formation of lithium disilicate. By increasing Si:Li ratio, the peak of SiO2 more obviously observed. SEM results revealed the development of microstructure from plate-like to interlocking rod-shaped crystals in all glasses. The highest indentation fracture toughness and biaxial flexural strength found in all glass ceramics heat treatment at 800°C because the finest microstructure observed at this temperature, except LD_3 heat treated at 850°C, which obtained the finest microstructure. LD_1 heat treated at 850°C presented the best chemical solubility 59 μg/cm2.
Crystallization Behaviour of Polytetrafluoroethylene over very Large Cooling Rate Domains
Authors: Bosq Nicolas , Guigo Nathanaël , Sbirrazzuoli Nicolas
Published: August 2013

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a semi-crystalline polymer that demonstrates a very fast crystallization process on cooling. This study investigates the nonisothermal PTFE ultra-fast crystallization over a wide range of cooling rates via conventional Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fast Scanning Calorimetry (FSC) and Ultra-Fast Scanning Calorimetry (UFSC). A new knowledge about crystallization kinetics of PTFE is obtained from the data obtained under very fast cooling rates. The shift of the melting peak to lower temperature shows that the crystals formed under fast cooling rates are slightly less stable than those produced under slower cooling rates. SEM analysis allows to observe these differences in crystal morphologies. According to the results, the crystallization is still present even for the fastest cooling rate employed and in consequences it is impossible to reach a metastable glassy state. The effective activation energy (Eα) displays a variation with the relative extent of crystallization (α) that is characteristic of a transition of PTFE crystallization from regime II to regime III around 312°C. Following the Hoffman-Lauritzen theory the Eα dependency obtained from the crystallizations under the different cooling rates was fitted in order to study the theoretical dependence of the growth rate.
Influence of Organomodified Ni-Al Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) Content on the Thermal Properties and Degradation Kinetics of Polystyrene (PS)/Ni-Al LDH Nanocomposites Prepared via Solvent Blending Method
Authors: Sinha Manish Kumar , Pugazhenthi G.
Published: August 2013

A series of polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites with various concentration of organomodified Ni-Al LDH (3, 7 wt%) were synthesized by solvent blending method and the effect of Ni-Al LDH content on the thermal properties and degradation kinetics of PS/ Ni-Al LDH nanocomposites was examined. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to evaluate the thermal properties of the prepared PS nanocomposites with various content of Ni-Al LDH. The obtained TGA results reveal that the PS/Ni-Al LDH nanocomposites exhibits enhanced thermal stability when compared with pure PS and the thermal stability of the nanocomposites increase with an increase in the LDH content from 3 to 7 wt%. When 15% weight loss is selected as a point of comparison, the thermal decomposition temperature of the PS/Ni-Al LDH nanocomposite containing 7 wt% of LDH is about 28°C higher than that of pure PS. The thermal degradation kinetics of the nanocomposite materials are investigated using two kinetic models such as Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method and Friedman method. The improvement of thermal stability of the nanocomposites with increasing LDH content is also validated by increasing the activation energies.
Partially Dynamically Vulcanized Thermoplastic Elastomer Based on Natural Rubber-Polypropylene-Clay Nanocomposites
Authors: Lopattananon Natinee , Tanglakwaraskul Supattra , Kaesaman Azizon , Seadan Manus , Sakai Tadamoto
Published: August 2013

Thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) nanocomposites based on 60/40 (%wt) natural rubber (NR)/polypropylene (PP) blends were prepared by dynamic vulcanization. Sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) was use as a filler to improve TPV properties. The addition effect of Na-MMT on the TPV properties was examined. The results indicated that the blend exhibited a co-continuous phase structure. The presence of clay in the NR phase decreased crosslinking level of NR, but improved mixing of NR and PP during dynamic vulcanization. The addition of clay marginally enhanced the 100% modulus and tensile strength, but decreased elongation at break due to more homogeneous blend morphology. The optimal level of tensile strength improvement was obtained when loading of clay was 5 phr. The permanent set of the blends did not changed significantly with the clay dispersion. The storage modulus and resistance to oil and heat improved with incorporation of clay, proportional to clay loading.
Use of Natural and Synthetic Fibers as Co-Reinforcing Agents on Abrasive Wear Behavior and Flexural Strength of Wood/PVC Composites
Authors: Yotkaew Parichat , Sombatsompop Narongrit , Kositchaiyong Apisit , Wimolmala Ekachai
Published: August 2013

ncorporations of synthetic fiber into wood polyvinyl chloride composites (WPVC) were investigated for the effect of co-reinforcing fillers on wear behavior of WPVC materials. Physical and mechanical properties of the composites were also analyzed and discussed in association with wear behavior of co-reinforced WPVC. Three different types of synthetic fibers, namely, E-glass fiber, S-glass fiber and Carbon fiber, having an average fiber length of 3 mm, were used to study the effect of type of synthetic fiber. The concentration of synthetic fiber was varied from 0-20 pph in the WPVC composites. Natural wood flour with an average particle size of less than 250 micron was introduced into the PVC compound at a fixed concentration of 40 pph to produce the WPVC composites. Various kinds of wood flour, including, Xylia Kerri Craib & Hutch (XK), Hevea Brasiliensis Linn (HB) and Mangifera Indica Linn (MI), were also studied for the influence of wood type. Wear behavior of the composites was employed by monitoring the specific wear rate at different sliding distances (2.0 and 4.0 km), using Taber wear tester. The results found that flexural properties of the composites were improved by addition of synthetic fibers. The carbon fiber-co reinforced WPVC composites showed the highest flexural properties. Among natural wood types used, the co-reinforced WPVC with HB exhibited the most improvement of flexural properties, particularly when higher loading of the synthetic fiber. It was observed that addition of synthetic fiber can enhance wear resistance of materials, the effect being more pronounced at the higher sliding distance (4 km). S-glass fiber-co reinforced WPVC with XK showed the best wear resistance property and the optimum concentration of S-glass fiber used was 10 pph.
Electroactive Epoxy-Titania Hybrid Anti-Corrosive Coatings Prepared by Small Basic Molecule-Catalyzed Sol-Gel Route
Authors: Chang Cheng Ming , Yeh Jui Ming
Published: August 2013

This article, the preparation and corrosion protection studies of a series of electroactive epoxy titanium dioxide (EET) hybrid materials containing conjugated segments of electroactive amino-capped aniline trimer (ACAT) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles of ~100 nm in diameter was first presented. It should be noted that EET at higher concentration of TiO2 was found to reveal better corrosion protection effect as compared to neat electroactive epoxy coating on cold-rolled steel (CRS) electrode based on electrochemical corrosion measurements in 3.5 wt% NaCl electrolyte. Effective enhancement of corrosion protection of EET coatings could be interpreted by electroactive epoxy as a densely physical barrier coating and the redox catalytic capabilities of ACAT units existed in EET may induce the formation of passive metal oxide layers on CRS electrode. Further the well-dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles in EET matrix could act as effective hinder to enhance the oxygen barrier property of EET.
Studies on Mechanical Properties of Kevlar Fiber Reinforced Iron (III) Oxide Nanoparticles Filled Up/Epoxy Nanocomposites
Authors: Jaisingh S. Julyes , Selvam V. , Suresh Chandra Kumar M. , Thyagarajan K.
Published: August 2013

Fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites have extensively been used in various fields such as aerospace industries, automobiles, marine, and defense industries because of their high strength/weight ratios. In this paper, effect of silane modified iron (III) oxide nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of Kevlar fiber reinforced epoxy composites has been investigated. Composites samples were prepared, each using eight layers of Kevlar fiber reinforced epoxy filled with silane modified iron (III) oxide nanoparticles. The fractured surfaces of fibre reinforced composites were characterized by SEM. Tensile and flexural strength was studied as per the ASTM standards. Based upon the results it is clear that the miscibility of the silane modified iron (III) oxide nanoparticles in the matrix system is of the prime importance with regard to performance.
Estimation of Tensile Capacity of Single Anchors Including Edge Effect Using Neural Networks
Authors: Ozturk Murat
Published: August 2013

The demand for more flexibility in the design and strengthening of concrete structures has resulted in an increased use of anchoring systems. Adhesive anchors are widely used in seismic strengthening applications to add new structural members or sections to existing concrete members. To safely design such anchors, it is very important to know their tensile capacity under axial tensile forces. This paper explores the pullout capacity of single adhesive anchors loaded in tension in un-cracked concrete. To this end 142 single anchor tests including edge effect (located near a concrete edge) were obtained from literature. The formulated three-layered artificial neural network method (ANN) was trained using 75% of the data set by using different learning algorithms. The methods were tested with the remaining 25% of the data set. The variables taken into account in this study are anchor diameter, embedment length, concrete body height and edge distance. It was determined that experimental data can be estimated to a notably close extent via the ANN model.
Functional Modification of Bamboo Rayon (Cellulose) Fabric to Render it Antibacterial and UV Protective
Authors: Teli M.D. , Sheikh Javed
Published: August 2013

In the current study, bamboo rayon fabrics grafted with mixture of acrylic acid and acrylamide was utilized as a backbone to immobilize ZnO nanoprticles. The swollen grafted fabric was treated with ZnCl2 followed by conversion of Zn2+ ions into ZnO nanoparticles. The modified product was characterized using FTIR, TGA and SEM and then evaluated for antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria as well as durability of their antibacterial activity after washing. The product showed antibacterial activity against both types of bacterias which was found to be durable till 40 washes. The modified material also showed improved UV protection because of presence of ZnO nanopartcles. The product can be claimed as suitable sustainable candidate for textile products in health and well being of the users.
The Synergistic Activity of the Extracts from Mango and Cassia fistula Polysaccharide in Cotton Fabric Finishing
Authors: Satirapipathkul Chutimon , Boonjaroen Manop
Published: August 2013

This study focused on the production of antibacterial cotton fabric using natural bioactive agent as the extracts from mango (Mangifera indica L) seed. The cotton fabrics have been treated with the extracts from mango seed. The polysaccharide fromCassia fistulaseed was used as a natural mordant and compared with general chemical mordants. Treated fabrics were tested for antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative rods. It was found that the treated fabrics combined with natural mordant were more effective against both pathogenic bacteria. From the results, the polysaccharide fromCassia fistulaseed could provide the synergic antibacterial activity when applied with the extracts from mango seed and used as substitutes for synthetic textile chemicals.
Oxygen Storage Capacity of CexZr1-xO2 (0.4≤x≤0.8) Solid Solution Using Thermogravimetric Analysis
Authors: Shanmuga Priya N. , Somayaji Chandramohan , Kanagaraj S.
Published: August 2013

The property of high oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of Ceria is an important component in three-way catalysts (TWC), which depends on the low reduction temperature, high surface area and stable crystalline structure. These are required to be improved using mixed oxides for the increased OSC of TWC. Though a good number of literature is available in Ceria-Zirconia mixed oxides, optimization of the composition of oxides based on OSC is very much limited. Hence, an attempt was made to optimize the composition of CexZr1-xO2 (0.4 x 0.8) (CZ) based on the OSC using thermogravimetric technique. The CZ solid solution was prepared by co-precipitation (COP) method using Ceria nitrate, and Zirconia oxy-choloride precursors, where the freshly prepared metal hydroxide precipitates were continuously stirred at 45 °C for 60 minutes followed by washing and drying to obtain the nanosized CZ particles. The formation of single nanocrystallite with less than 8 nm size solid solution was identified by XRD, and the same was confirmed by Micro Raman studies. It is observed that the trend of OSC in CZ solid solution was based on the ratio of Ce to Zr in the starting aqueous solution, where the OSC was found to be maximum at 1.5 and the corresponding OSC of the compound was about 0.14 μmol per gram of Ceria.
Sintering and Mechanical Properties of Injection Molded Low Cost Ti Alloys
Authors: Gülsoy H. Özkan
Published: August 2013

This study focuses on the injection molding of Ti-Fe alloys. Low cost Ti alloy (Ti-Fe) was manufactured following a powder injection molding route. The Ti and Fe powders were dry mixed and molded with wax based binder. Binder debinding was performed by solvent and thermal method. After dedinding, the samples were sintered at 1100 oC and 1300 oC for 1 h in vacuum. Metallographic studies were conducted to extend densification and the corresponding microstructural changes. The sintered samples were characterized by measuring tensile strength, elongation and hardness. All powder, fracture surfaces of molded and sintered samples were examined using scanning electron microscope. The sintered density, tensile strength and hardness of injection molded Ti-Fe samples increases with increasing sintering temperature.
Space-Charge-Limited Bipolar Currents at High Fields in Polymer/C60 Diodes: A Simple Model Description
Authors: Yamamoto Natasha A.D. , Grodniski Deize C. , Roman Lucimara S. , Koehler Marlus , da Luz Marcos G.E.
Published: August 2013

We investigate the dark transport properties of organic photovoltaic devices formed by a heterojunction of a semiconducting co-polymer and the fullerene (C60) [. The copolymers are composed of thiophene, phenylene and fluorene units, where the thiophene content was kept constant while the fluorene/phenylene ratio was varied. Measurements show that for low voltage, the current versus voltage (j x V) characteristics presents an exponential increasing, typical of a diode behavior. On the other hand, the j x V curves are space-charge limited at high voltages. This latter response follows the theoretical predictions proposed by Koehler et al in Ref. [ (see also [), which explains the dark current in polymer/fullerene photodiodes at high V's. To describe the full j x V characteristics, we have extended the analysis in Ref. [ assuming a space-charge dependent inner series resistance. From such model we are able to nicely fit the experimental curves, to estimate the effective mobility in the whole device and to obtain the diode reverse saturation current j0. Finally, the results indicate that the copolymer with the highest effective total mobility is the PFT [(9,9dihexyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)-1,2-ethenediyl-2,5-thiophene-1,2ethenediy.
Enhancement on Stability of Nanosized Titanium Dioxide in Silicone Suspension Using Diblock Copolymer: Influence of Dispersant Structure
Authors: Toommee Surachet , Traiphol Nisanart
Published: August 2013

This research investigates using of poly (dimethylsiloxane-b-hydroxy ethyl acrylate) (PDMS-b-PHEA) diblock copolymer to stabilized TiO2nanoparticles in silicone fluid. The polar PHEA segment is expected to anchor on TiO2surface while the non-polar PDMS segment extends into silicone medium. To study effects of polymer structure on its stabilizing efficiency, PDMS-b-PHEA of structures 5-b-0.3, 5-b-1.1 and 8-b-1.0 are used. Results show that suspensions of particle with surface area ~40 and ~200 m2/g can be stabilized for longer than 1 and 7 hrs, respectively. The copolymer with relatively long PHEA and PDMS segments is highly effective as a dispersant. This is due to enhanced adsorption on particle surface and steric stabilization. However, in the system of 40 m2/g-TiO2, excess amounts could lead to polymer entanglement and particle agglomeration. The copolymer dispersant exhibits high efficiency for the 200 m2/g-TiO2suspension as well. In the latter system, higher concentration is required to effectively cover particle surface.
Biodegradation Studies of Attapulgite Clay Filled Polyvinyl Alcohol/Modified Corn Starch Blend Films: Microbial and Enzymatic
Authors: Suki Fairus Mazlia Mat , Azahari Nur Azleen , Othman Nadras , Ismail Hanafi , Sasidharan S.
Published: August 2013

Attapulgite Clay Filled Polyvinyl Alcohol/modified Corn Starch (PVOH/OCS/AT) Blend Films were Prepared by Solution Casting Technique. Biodegradability of the Blend Films were Determined by the Biodegradation in Microbial and Enzymatic Degradation. the Obtained Results Showed that the Addition of Attapulgite in Polyvinyl Alcohol/modified Corn Starch (PVOH/OCS) Blend Film has Changed the Biodegradability of the Film in both Microbial, Enzymatic Media. among all the Attapulgite-Filled Blends, PVOH/OCS/AT2 Blend Film Shows the Optimum Biodegradability Behavior because this Blend System Shows Highest DED and DMD Values.
Effects of Natural Rubber Origin on Mechanical Properties of Rubber Compound in the Presence of Natural and Commercial Antioxidants
Authors: Shuhaimi N.H.H. , Othman Nadras , Ismail Hanafi , Sasidharan S.
Published: August 2013

Different origin of rubber gives different effect towards the properties of end products. In this paper, effect of natural rubber (NR) origin on tensile properties and tear strength before and after aging for 4 and 7days were investigated in the presence of natural antioxidant (NA). Effectiveness of NA in different NR origin was compared with commercial antioxidants (TMQ). The NR from Malaysia (SMR CV60), Thailand (STR 5L), Vietnam (SVR 3L) and Cambodia (SCR L) were used in this study and cured using Semi-EV. For tensile and tear strength before aging process, STR 5L / NA shows the highest result followed by SVR 3L, SCR L and SMR CV60. This is due to higher molecular weight of STR 5L compound. But after aging for 4 and 7 days, SMRCV 60 has shown the highest percentage of retention for tensile and tear strength which indicated the lowest breakage of crosslink. From the results of tensile and tear properties, it is verified that different NR origin compound with NA vulcanizate gives reasonable result which are comparable to NR with TMQ vulcanizates.
Synthesis and Thermal Stability of Cross-Linked Carbazole-Substituted Poly(dimethylsiloxane) for LED Encapsulation
Authors: Norhuda Hidayah Nordin , Othman Nadras , Ahmad Zulkifli
Published: August 2013

A series of carbazole substituted poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) was synthesized by hydrosilylation reaction of 9-vinyl carbazole into PDMS structure. It was then cross-linked with vinyl trimethoxysilane by condensation reaction. The fabricated product display increasing in refractive index with increasing carbazole content. The higher carbazole content also produce high thermal stability which is suitable for electronic device encapsulation applications. The modification also increase Tg of the polymers displayed by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. This behavior owe much to the carbazole moeity when it was successfully incorporated into PDMS chain.
Effect of Reinforcement on Flexural Properties of Brittle Composites
Authors: Hossain Md. Zakaria
Published: August 2013

The flexural properties in terms of ductility of laminated brittle composites have been studied experimentally in the laboratory. Test specimens consisting of variable layers of mesh were prepared and tested under third point loadings. It was observed that the brittle matrix altered it properties and behaved as the ductile matrix even with small amount of ductile materials. The causes of the change in the properties have been clarified by analyzing the experiment data. The experimental results were verified by the theoretical formulation. The formulation showed that the flexural modulus of the entire section of brittle composites obtained by section analysis is equal to the modulus of ductile layers plus a factor of the difference of modulus of ductile and brittle layers. This factor is third order of ductile layer causing flexural properties in brittle composite even with 10% of ductile materials.
Exterior Calculus: Thermodynamics and Navier-Stokes Dynamics
Authors: Story Troy L.
Published: August 2013

Mathematical models of dynamics employing exterior calculus are shown to be mathematical representations of the same unifying principle; namely, the description of a dynamic system with a characteristic differential one-form on an odd-dimensional differentiable manifold leads, by analysis with exterior calculus to a set of differential equations and a characteristic tangent vector which define transformations of the system [1-4]. This principle, whose origin is V. I. Arnolds use of exterior calculus to describe Hamiltonian mechanics and geometric optics, is applied to irreversible thermodynamics and Navier-Stokes dynamics. Results include (a) a set of equations for irreversible thermodynamics equivalent to Maxwells equations for reversible thermodynamics, (b) transformation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation into a pair of simpler equivalent equations, which are solved and (c) a characteristic tangent vector for each area of dynamics, which indicates the direction of phase flow.
Seismic Performance Enhancement of Non-Ductile RC Columns Using Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC)
Authors: Kittipoom Rodsin , Manote Sappakittipakorn , Piti Sukontasukkul
Published: August 2013

The principal aim of this research is to improve the seismic performance of non-ductile reinforced columns using fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) by mixing steel fiber into the concrete. Two reinforced concrete columns 200mm x 300mm in cross-section with a height of 1250 mm were tested under cyclic lateral loading. The first specimen was casted using normal strength concrete of 24 MPa and the second specimens were also casted using similar concrete with similar strength but the steel fiber of 1% was added to the concrete in the plastic hinge region. The axial load for all specimens was 300 kN and kept constant during the test. The test results showed that the use of FRC in the plastic hinge region could significantly improve column displacement ductility. The maximum drift at lateral strength loss at 3.7% for non-ductile column could increase to 6% in FRC column. It is evident that the cracks in FRC column are much smaller and more widely spread in the plastic hinge region and hence the plastic hinge could be able to rotate without lateral strength being compromised. In FRC column, concrete spalling was observed in a very high drift (5%) and bar buckling occurred at around 6% drift whilst in non-ductile column concrete spalling and bar buckling occurred at 2.5% and 3% drift respectively. It was evident that the use of steel fiber in non-ductile columns could significantly improve seismic performance of the column.
An Investigation of Optimum Cutting Conditions in Face Milling Semi-Solid Cast 6061 Aluminum Alloy Using Carbide Tool
Authors: Rawangwong S. , Boonchouytan Worapong , Chatthong J. , Burapa R.
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of the main factors of the surface roughness in semi-solid 6061 aluminum face milling. This study was conducted by using computer numerical controlled milling machine. The controlled factors were the speed, the feed rate and the depth of cut which the depth of cut was not over 1 mm. For this experiment, we used factorial designs and the result showed that the factors effected of surface roughness was the feed rate and the speed while the depth of cut did not effect with the surface roughness. Furthermore, the surface roughness was likely to reduce when the speed was 4,200 rpm and the feed rates was 1,300 mm/min. The result of the research led to the linear equation measurement value which was Ra = 0.186 - 0.000034 Speed + 0.000047 Feed rate. The equation formula should be used with the speed in the range of 3,200-4,200 rpm, feed rate in the range of 1,300-1,800 mm/min and the depth of cut not over 1 mm. The equation was used to confirm the research results, it was found that the mean absolute percentage error of the surface roughness obtained from the predictive comparing to the value of the experiment was 4.12%, which was less than the specified error and it was acceptable.
Simulation for View Selection in Data Warehouse
Authors: Chen Jia , Chen Hong Wei , Hu Xin Rong
Published: August 2013

On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) tools are frequently used in business, science and health to extract useful knowledge from massive databases. An important and hard optimization problem in OLAP data warehouses is the view selection problem, consisting of selecting a set of aggregate views of the data for speeding up future query processing. We apply one n Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs) to view selection under a size constraint. Our emphasis is to determine the suitability of the combination of EDAs with constraint handling to the view selection problem, compared to a widely used genetic algorithm. The EDAs are competitive with the genetic algorithm on a variety of problem instances, often finding approximate optimal solutions in a reasonable amount of time.
Design of a Savant Subsystem of EPC and Implementation on Intelligence Characteristics of a Savant Based on Agent
Authors: Yang Jin Song , Ling Pei Liang , Xia Jun
Published: August 2013

Savant middleware is a key component of EPC system, it connects EPC tags readers and applications of the enterprise. Savant system's efficiency and robustness, largely determines the EPC system's efficiency and stability. The design of the Savant system is the key of success of EPC system. It is not easy to design Savant system, for there is no mature tool. That hinders the development of Interact of things. The paper studies the design of a Savant subsystem of EPC based on Agent, the Architecture of Savant system based on MAS. The paper implements on Intelligence characteristics of Savant and designs a prototype of Savant system based on JADE platform. The paper maybe point out a new way to construct Savant system and improve the wisdom of EPC system service ability through the Implementation of intelligent characteristics of Savant.
Lessons Learned from Design and Development of Military Scenario Definition Language Scenario Editing Toolset
Authors: Zhao Xin Ye , Cai Ying , Yang Shan Liang , Huang Ke Di
Published: August 2013

The Military Scenario Definition Language (MSDL) is an approved SISO standard for describing components of military scenarios that can be shared across a variety of modeling and simulation systems. However, the “last mile problem” for MSDL development is to have a user interface that represents information flowing to/from C2 and simulation systems. We have developed an open-source Toolset for this purpose: MSDL Scenario Editing Toolset (MSDLSET), providing an easy-to-use graphical user interface to MSDL developers that can serve as a surrogate input/output GUI or alternately to generating MSDL file. MSDLSET is developed using other open-source Tools: Xcentric's JaxFront and BBN's OpenMap. MSDLSET provides easy and efficient means for the end user to edit validate and add MSDL components to the MSDL file. Numerous initiatives are in progress to employ the new Toolset and to realize the benefits of exchanging scenarios files across diverse systems.
Research on Hygroscopic Material Improving Moist Environment of Building Underground Layer
Authors: Guan Bin Jun
Published: August 2013

A new type hygroscopic material was attempted to develop, which could improve moist environment of building underground layer by making use of self-humidifying function, namely, absorbing moisture on condition of high humidity and restoring moisture absorption function of low humidity, and some experimental studies were taken on.
3D Modeling of Underground Geological Park Based on Terrestrial Laser Scanner
Authors: Zhang Ying , Chen Hang , Du Zhi Qiang
Published: August 2013

The main idea of this paper is to describe the application of Terrestrial Laser Scanner in 3D modeling. Considering the special terrain structure of underground geological park, a 3D modeling procedure based on Terrestrial Laser Scanner is designed. The graphs of vertical cross-section and horizontal cross-section are achieved after model optimization. Experiments show that the method can work better than Ground-based measurements in 3D modeling of underground geological park. The 3D model of underground geological park can be used to monitor the amount of mining and get the graphs of vertical cross-section and horizontal cross-section, which will be applied widely in future.
Research of Sheet Metal Parts Library Construction and Unfolding Method Based on Pro/ENGINEER
Authors: Sun Bo , Wang Ji Qing , Liu Zheng
Published: August 2013

In order to improve the design and unfolding efficiency of complex sheet metal parts, the sheet metal parts library is constructed based on Pro/ENGINEER platform with VC++ and Pro/TOOLKIT, the second development technology of Pro/ENGINEER including parameter driving, modeling methods and unfolding method for sheet metal parts are also introduced in detail. Finally, sheet metal parts parametric design and unfolding are achieved.
Tools Management Solution for Small Enterprises
Authors: Dobra Andreea
Published: August 2013

The paper proposes a variant of barcode facility using in tools management process in small enterprises. This is justified because existing software are expensive or the module must be modify according with the enterprises profile. By using MS Office – Excel with Visual Basic for Application, it was create a flexible application.
Controlling the Ferrite/Austenite Phase Balance of SAF 2707HD Hyperduplex Stainless Steel Weldment
Authors: Anis Muhammad , Riastuti Rini , Hariansyah Permana , Fadli Mohammad , Arif Fisca Sunandar , Galih Ghazali , Alief Indra Pratama
Published: August 2013

Hyperduplex, as a new class of duplex stainless steels, having high Cr and Mo present excellent combination of mechanical and corrosion resistance, due to their strict composition control and ferrite/austenite phase balance. This balance may, however, be disturbed during welding in both the weld metal and the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) due to the rapid cooling rates. Those may lead to loss of the good corrosion and mechanical properties of the weldments. The present investigation is to establish the effect of heat input and the nitrogen addition in the argon shielding gas, for controlling the microstructure of hyperduplex stainless steels welded by the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) technique autogeneously. Hyperduplex stainless steel in the form of tube having outside diameter of 32 mm and thickness of 2 mm, was welded using limited range of heat input to control the microstructure in the HAZ, and using the nitrogen addition of 2-5% into argon shielding gas to control the ferrite/austenite phase balance of the weld metal. The microstructure of the weldment was examined by calculating the volume fraction of ferrite and austenite phases. The result shows that the heat input of 0,6 kJ/mm gives the optimum ferrite/austenite phase balance in the HAZ. The addition of 2% nitrogen into argon shielding gas is recommended to give the optimum balance of ferrite/austenite phases in weld metal in addition to the heat input employed. The heat input higher than 0,6 kJ/mm promoted sigma phase at the HAZ as well as at the weld metal particularly when welded with addition of more than 2% nitrogen in the argon shielding gas.
Adhesive Bonding Strength and Adhesive Penetration of Two Malaysian Medium Hardwoods
Authors: Hamid Nur Hasmiza Abdul , Ahmad Mansur , Suratman Mohd Nazip , Azhar Muhamad Nizam , Rosli Nor Athirah Mohamad
Published: August 2013

Majority of engineered wood product such as glulam, laminated veneer lumber and parallel strand lumber relies greatly on wood adhesive bonding and adhesive penetration. Determination of bonding strength and adhesive penetration of adhesive-wood could enhance effective utilization of wood as construction material. Kapur (Dryobalanops aromatica) and Kelat (Syzygium spp.) were two commercial Malaysian medium hardwoods were used in the study. Since pressure is essential during wood bonding, the purpose of the study is to determine the effect of different pressure on bonding strength and adhesive penetration. Kapur and Kelat samples were bonded using Phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) and press at three different pressures (100 psi, 200 psi and 300 psi). Shear stress of bond line and Adhesive penetration were measured. The result shows that Kapur has lower bonding strength compares to Kelat and both samples pressed with 200 psi pressure shows higher shear strength then 100 psi and 300 psi. The result of adhesive penetration shows that higher pressure applied during bonding assembly resulting in the higher adhesive penetration into the wood porous structure.
Application of the High Strength Steel in the Automobile
Authors: Guo Rong Chun , Zhou Jin , Shi Ying
Published: August 2013

With the development of automotive industry, new high strength and high performance steel sheets are used more and more widely, which are the basis of weight reduction and safety improvement for automobiles. Taking examples of the design of car body, this paper focused on the remarkable effects of the application of AHSS in automobile lightweight, car safety and environment. It was also pointed out that the key topics will fall in the forming technique of AHSS and the applications of AHSS to new car body design to enhance automobile safety.
Research on Nano-Ceramic Coatings Precision Grinding
Authors: Liu Wei Xiang
Published: August 2013

The mechanical properties and microstructure characteristics in nano-ceramic coating material determine largely their grindability, there are a variety of wear mechanisms existing in grinding process, wear resistance of nanoceramic coatings are higher than normal ceramic coating, processing zone in ceramic materials can be divided into inelastic deformation zone and elastic deformation zone. In the process of nanoceramic coatings materials removal, inelastic deformation removal and brittle removal is the coexistence, the grinding force, existing in nanostructured ceramic coatings, is bigger than it in general structure ceramic coating. In plastic deformation materials removal mode, the grinding surface roughness is low, while in brittle removal , surface grinding roughness is high , prone to grinding surface/subsurface damage.
Consolidation of 2124 Aluminum Alloy – Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Emara M.M.
Published: August 2013

Powder metallurgy techniques have emerged as a promising way for the fabrication of nanotube reinforced metal matrix composites. The present study reports on the investigation of the optimum consolidation conditions that give the best mechanical properties, for different carbon nanotubes weight percentages and extrusion ratios, while minimizing any chemical interfacial reactions between the matrix and the reinforcements. The conditions investigated were hot compaction followed by hot extrusion,cold compaction followed by hot extrusion, and hot compaction followed by cold extrusion. The tensile behaviors for samples of the three processing conditions were evaluated and compared. An increase in the yield strength of the carbon nanotubes CNT composites under most conditions were observed. The highest strength values for composites were obtained using the hot compaction/cold extrusion route at extrusion ratio 4:1, on the expense of the ductility. Better strength values were obtained for the hot compaction/hot extrusion route at higher extrusion ratio of 5:1 with restoring good ductility.
Influence of Ar Pressure on Product Characteristics of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis from WO3/B2O3/Al Reactant System
Authors: Chanadee Tawat , Wannasin Jessada , Sutham Niyomwas
Published: August 2013

nfluence of Ar gas pressure on the SHS reaction products from WO3/B2O3/Al system has been investigated. The pressure of Ar gas has a significant effect on the phase separation and microstructures of SHS products. Increase in Ar gas pressure has a effect on the phase compositions of SHS products and results in the increase of the amount of W2B. Furthermore, the crystalize sizes of W2B increase with the increase of Ar gas pressure from 0.3 to 0.5 MPa, respectively.
Dynamic Performance Analysis of Locomotives Based on the Matching between Worn Wheel-Rail Profiles
Authors: Wang Da Kui , Zhang Jun , Zhang Xiu Juan , Sheng You Yi
Published: August 2013

Wheel profiles in different abrasion stages are tracked and measured for locomotives SS4. They are then matched with rail profiles in the measured wear stability period. In order to contrast the wheel profiles in different abrasion stages, multi-body dynamic software named SIMPACK is adapted to set up a complete dynamics model of locomotives. The influence of wheel profiles in different abrasion stages on the dynamic performances of locomotives is simulated and analyzed. Analysis results state that locomotives using the wheel profiles of typeII have the good stability for their line operation. Locomotives using the wheel profiles of type I have the highest critical hunting speed of 223km/h, which is 54.8% larger than those of wheel profile JM3. When locomotives pass through curve tracks, the value of derailment factor for the wheel profiles of typeII is the smallest and achieves an excellent level, which explains that the wheel profiles of typeII can obtain the good curve negotiation performance.
An Efficient Diffusion Model for a Real-Time Gas Diffusion Simulation System
Authors: Zhu Yong Tian , Li Jian Hua , Ling Hao , Li Jin
Published: August 2013

Due to the rising tendency of chemical accidents, it is urgent to develop a real-time gas diffusion simulation system on computer during the emergent chemical accidents, and high computation efficiency of gas diffusion model is indispensable in the simulation system. This paper develops an efficient diffusion model based on Gaussian Puff Model and proposes a special numerical simulation method for the model. With the proposed model and the proposed method, the spatial density distribution of the gas spread can be computed rapidly and displayed visually in GIS. To validate the correctness, efficiency, reliability and flexibility of the model, two groups of simulations in different aspects (space and time) are performed respectively. The result of simulation is as well as expected, and the system based on the model will provide a reliable guarantee for rescue during emergent chemical accidents.
Lightweight Design Optimization of Large-Tonnage Hydraulic Press Body Structure
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lu Bao Chun , Fan Guo , Chong Ma
Published: August 2013

In the manufacturing of large-tonnage forging equipment, heavy and redundant of the body structure components always result in increased manufacturing costs, high energy consumption and performance degradation. Therefore, the lightweight design of machine body becomes one of the important goals in green design of modern forging equipment. Firstly, based on the static and dynamic FEA of YQK-1250 frame hydraulic press body structure, the rational shape optimization results were analyzed through ANSYS Workbench. The thicknesses of the six related ribs were determined as the lightweight targets. Then, a preliminary lightweight optimization is carried out with orthogonal experimental design which provided approximate ranges for the further APDL analysis. Finally the improved lightweight design is optimized by the aide of APDL efficiently. It is validated that the mass is reduced by 4.52% with less influents on the overall performance.