bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Application of Fuzzy Clustering to Customer Portfolio Analysis in Automotive Industry
Authors: Hiziroglu Abdulkadir , Senbas Umit Dursun
Published: April 2016

Having achieved an optimized customer portfolio has been of significant importance for companies. The literature provides several portfolio models and vast majority of them are in matrix form where several descriptors are used as dimensions of the matrix. These dimensions are characterized in ambiguity and require specific methods to tackle with it. The aim of this paper is to utilize fuzzy clustering in customer portfolio analysis to reduce this uncertainty and to make a comparison with a traditional customer portfolio model. A dataset of 130 customers of an automotive supplier in Turkey is used to perform the analyses and the results are compared with a conventional customer portfolio matrix. By making use of substantiality and balance of portfolio parameters, a qualitative and quantitative assessment of categorization generated by both approaches are evaluated. The use of fuzzy clustering gives more substantial clusters and a more balanced customer portfolio compared to the traditional matrix form of portfolio. Marketing managers can understand their overall customer portfolio better and reduce the effect of descriptive indicators via benefiting the fuzzy clustering results.
Fuzzy E-Bayesian and Hierarchical Bayesian Estimations on the Kumaraswamy Distribution Using Censoring Data
Authors: Gholizadeh Ramin , Barahona Manuel J.P. , Khalilpour Mastaneh
Published: April 2016

The main purpose of this paper is to provide a methodology for discussing the fuzzy. This approach will be used to create the fuzzy E-Bayesian and Hierarchical Bayesian estimations of Kumaraswamy Distribution under censoring data by introducing and applying a theorem called “Resolution Identity” for fuzzy sets. In other words, model parameters are assumed to be fuzzy random variables. The authors also use computational methods Wu (2003). For this purpose, the original problem is transformed into a nonlinear programming problem which is then divided up into four sub-problems to simplify computations. Finally, the results obtained for the sub-problems can be used to determine the membership functions of the fuzzy E-Bayesian and Hierarchical Bayesian estimations.
Agile Development of Various Computational Power Adaptive Web-Based Mobile-Learning Software Using Mobile Cloud Computing
Authors: Zadahmad Manouchehr , Yousefzadehfard Parisa
Published: April 2016

Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) aims to improve all mobile applications such as m-learning systems. This study presents an innovative method to use web technology and software engineering's best practices to provide m-learning functionalities hosted in a MCC-learning system as service. Components hosted by MCC are used to empower developers to create m-learning systems in agile manner. The developed m-learning systems -as tenants of MCC-learning- provide cloud-quality services to their clients. The solution is a service-oriented and three-layered MCC system encompassing innovative m-learning components. To adapt e-contents sent to clients, a Device-Adaptive-Rendering component is used which takes platform, capability, physical and other contextual diversities of mobile devices into account. Using MCC increases the development speed and decreases the Lines Of Code (LOC) to build m-learning systems. Experiment outcomes demonstrate improvement in time taken by learners to answer the learning task questions and accuracy rates.
How Mitigation Techniques Affect Reliability Results for BGAs
Authors: Caswell Greg , Keener Melissa
Published: April 2016

Since 2006 RoHS requirements have required lead free solders to take the place of tin-lead solders in electronics. The problem is that in some environments the lead free solders are less reliable than the older tin-lead solders. One of the ways to solve this problem is to corner stake, edge bond or underfill the components. When considering what mitigation technique and material to use, the operating conditions must be characterized. The temperature range is important when selecting a material to use since the glass transition temperature (Tg) and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) are important properties. If improperly chosen, the mitigation material can cause more failures than an unmitigated component.

This study focused on 208 I/O BGAs on a 4 layer FR4 board. There were three solders tested; two lead free (SAC305 and SN100C) and one leaded (SnPb). Three mitigation techniques were tested: corner staking, edge bonding, and underfilling. Each of these techniques had two mitigation materials tested. One material was reworkable and the other was not. The boards were subjected to mechanical shock testing and sinusoidal vibration testing until failure.

The results of the testing show that no one mitigation technique is best for all of the conditions tested. The same is true for the mitigation material. The best choice of mitigation technique and material is application dependent.
Improvements in Decision Making Criteria for Thermal Warpage
Authors: Hubble Neil
Published: April 2016

Surface mount components are commonly evaluated for out-of-plane warpage levels across reflow temperatures. Decision making for acceptable warpage levels is primarily made based on signed warpage levels of a single component surface, per industry standards. This paper discusses how a single signed warpage value is an oversimplified and incomplete way to describe a surface mount attachment between two mating surfaces that change in shape over temperature. Specific examples are shown where current industry standard gauges for thermal warpage are misleading. Issues include current industry standard equations for calculation of signed warpage.

Optimal understanding of effects of warpage on surface mount attachment includes analysis of both mating surfaces under the same thermal and test conditions. Examples are shown of dual surface analysis, where gap between mating surfaces becomes the critical value in place of signed warpage. Evaluating both sides of two attaching surfaces is the optimal way to understand surface mount defects related to thermal warpage. However, many companies dealing with SMT will not have reasonable access to the surfaces to which their products will be attached. The paper goes on to discuss different approaches to more effectively quantify a single surface over temperature. This includes, but is not limited to, adding equations for signal strength values to currently established signed warpage standards.
Atti Sociali
Authors: Italiana Società Entomologica
Published: April 2016

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A multiplex polymerase chain reaction based method for rapid identification of two species of the genus Scolytus Geoffroy (Col: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Iran
Authors: Amini S. , Hosseini R.
Published: April 2016

Molecular identification is going to be more widespread in taxonomic studies of insects when traditional tools are problematic and time consuming. Identification of bark beetles, as one of the most important pests of forests, based on morphological characteristics is difficult because of their small size and morphological similarities. In the current study, species-specific primers were desi gned to identify two most abundant and morphologically similar bark beetle species Scolytus ensifer Eichhoff 1881 and S. ecksteini Butovitsch 1929, both found on Ulmus minor Miller in north of Iran. These species-specific primers successfully produced a fragment size with 318 bp and 465 bp of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene in S. ensifer and S. ecksteini respectively. The results revealed tha t the multiplex polymerase chain reaction using the species-specific primers could amplify a unique band to distinguish these two species so confirmed this method as a convenient and quick tool to identify those two bark beetle species.
Predator or plant pest? Observations on Parascolothrips priesneri Mound (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Israeli apple orchards
Authors: Ben-David T. , Mound L.A.
Published: April 2016

Field and laboratory observations on Parascolothrips priesneri failed to confirm previous reports that this insect is a predator of mites, but instead demonstrated that it can cause severe feeding damage to the leaves of apple trees.
A review of Spinosyns, a derivative of biological acting substances as a class of insecticides with a broad range of action against many insect pests
Authors: Bacci L. , Lupi D. , Savoldelli S. , Rossaro B.
Published: April 2016

Spinosyns are a class of insecticides with a broad range of action against many insect pests belonging to different orders, noxious to a wide variety of agricultural crops; spinosyns were also used against insects of sanitary interest. Spinosyns are derivative of biological active substances produced by soil Actinomycete Saccharopolyspora spinosa; being of biological origin, they are considered to have a low environmental impact and they are not much aggressive against nontarget species. They act as allosteric activators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; thanks to their mode of action the resistance phenomena are uncommon, even few cases of resistance were recently reported. For all these reasons at present they are one of the most interesting product to be used in fighting against agriculture pests.
Diagnosis and genotyping of African swine fever viruses from 2015 outbreaks in Zambia
Authors: Thoromo Jonas , Simulundu Edgar , Chambaro Herman M. , Mataa Liywalii , Lubaba Caesar H. , Pandey Girja S. , Takada Ayato , Misinzo Gerald , Mweene Aaron S.
Published: April 2016

In early 2015, a highly fatal haemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs resembling African swine fever (ASF) occurred in North Western, Copperbelt, and Lusaka provinces of Zambia. Molecular diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction targeting specific amplification of p72 (B646L) gene of ASF virus (ASFV) was conducted. Fourteen out of 16 domestic pigs from the affected provinces were found to be positive for ASFV. Phylogenetic analyses based on part of the p72 and the complete p54 (E183L) genes revealed that all the ASFVs detected belonged to genotypes I and Id, respectively. Additionally, epidemiological data suggest that the same ASFV spread from Lusaka to other provinces possibly through uncontrolled and/or illegal pig movements. Although the origin of the ASFV that caused outbreaks in domestic pigs in Zambia could not be ascertained, it appears likely that the virus may have emerged from within the country or region, probably from a sylvatic cycle. It is recommended that surveillance of ASF, strict biosecurity, and quarantine measures be imposed in order to prevent further spread and emergence of new ASF outbreaks in Zambia.Keywords: African swine fever; Asfarviridae; Molecular epidemiology; Zambia
Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Recurrent Prostate Cancer
Authors: Oppenheimer Daniel Corey , Weinberg Eric P , Hollenberg Gary M , Meyers Steven P
Published: April 2016

Multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the prostate combines both morphological and functional MR techniques by utilizing small field of view T1-weighted, T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, and MR spectroscopy to accurately detect, localize, and stage primary and recurrent prostate cancer. Localizing the site of recurrence in patients with rising prostate-specific antigen following treatment affects decision making regarding treatment and can be accomplished with multiparametric prostate MR. Several different treatment options are available for prostate cancer including radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, androgen deprivation therapy, or a number of focal therapy techniques. The findings of recurrent prostate cancer can be different depending on the treatment the patient has received, and the radiologist must be able to recognize the variety of imaging findings seen with this common disease. This review article will detail the findings of recurrent prostate cancer on multiparametric MR and describe common posttreatment changes which may create challenges to accurate interpretation.
Belonging to CSHP—An Investment in Your Future and That of Hospital Pharmacy!
Authors: Pearson Glen J
Published: April 2016

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The Dictatorship of the Problem: Choosing Research Methods
Authors: Vogt W. Paul
Published: April 2016

It is relatively easy to investigate how to employ a particular research method in the social sciences. It is considerably more difficult to decide which to use. Which method to use is arguably a more important question than how to use that method. ‘ Which method?’ is, at least, the necessarily prior question. One cannot look up how to do something until one has decided what that something is. Methodological innovation depends directly on methodological choice. Researchers continuing a tradition, or working within a paradigm can often avoid making difficult methodological choices. Researchers seeking to innovate cannot. The question ‘which method?’ is particularly important for selecting research designs, because design choice importantly shapes most of the other choices researchers make. Designs are most effective and have the greatest potential for innovation when they are dictated by the nature of the research problem.
Embracing a Human Political Economy: A Critique of ‘Abstraction’ within Studies of the ACP-EU Cotonou Partnership Agreement
Authors: Langan Mark
Published: April 2016

This paper seeks to demonstrate the relevance of a ‘human political economy’ in examining the qualitative connections between economic growth-specifically private sector growth – and the provision of ‘human needs' within developing societies. It does this through consideration of studies of the ‘partnership’ between the African, Caribbean and Pacific states (ACPs) and the European Union (EU), most recently under the ACP-EU Cotonou Agreement signed in 2000. The Cotonou treaty is seen here as an example of a growing number of North-South agreements that have married ‘human needs' discourse to laissez-faire strategies encouraging private sector expansion. The cultivation of a human political economy focussed on direct field engagement with individuals and communities within commodity chains of North-South trade is thus argued to be pivotal if we are more fully to understand the human realities of agreements such as Cotonou and therein to assess them on their own normative ‘human needs' territory. This people-centred research agenda is contrasted with the traditional literature on ACP-EU relations. With reference to the work of C. Wright Mills (1959) and his criticisms of ‘abstracted empiricism’ and ‘grand theory’, the traditional literature is seen as having been largely divorced from qualitative studies of the lived experiences of the people whom ACP-EU co-operation has rhetorically placed at the centre of its ‘development’ narrative. A human political economy involving commodity case studies utilising direct field engagement and participative research methods (for instance, semi structured interviews, focus groups, role play) is thus seen as a means of mediating theoretical and quantitative ‘abstraction’ within ACP-EU studies and therein as a means of building grounded assessments of Cotonou's human needs agenda.
Contours in Reflexivity: Commitment, Criteria and Change
Authors: May Tim
Published: April 2016

This article examines the intellectual contours in calls to reflexivity in social research. In charting changes in these calls and their ideas on the role of social research in society, the article draws out lessons for future orientation. Whilst highlighting that the contribution of social research to our common understanding is part of its vitality, different authors have sought to see it in terms of how social actions are produced in research texts, via the role of experience as a starting point for reflexivity, to deploying exclusion of the researcher from dominant forces in order to produce more accurate explanations of social relations. Overall, we can be left bewildered in the face of these differences. Yet the article concludes by arguing that each has its place for clarifying the role and place of social research in society, but that they should not be over-extended as that produces an inward-looking perspective and leads to a paralysis in practice.
Are ‘Qualitative’ and ‘Quantitative’ Useful Terms for Describing Research?
Authors: Wood Michael , Welch Christine
Published: April 2016

We examine the concepts of quantitative research and qualitative research and argue that this dichotomy has several dimensions which are often, erroneously, assumed to coincide. We analyse two of the important dimensions – statistical versus non-statistical, and hypothesis testing versus induction. The crude quantitative-qualitative dichotomy omits many potentially useful possibilities, such as non-statistical hypothesis testing and statistical induction. We also argue that the first dimension can be extended to include establishing deterministic laws and the consideration of fictional scenarios; and the second to include ‘normal science’ research based on questions defined by an established paradigm. These arguments mean that the possible types of research methods are more diverse than is often assumed, and that the terms ‘quantitative’ and ‘qualitative’ are best avoided, although other, more specific, terms are useful. One important sense in which the term ‘qualitative’ is used is simply to refer to the use of data which yields a deep and detailed picture of the subject matter: we suggest the use of the word ‘rich’ to describe such data.
Impacting Methodological Innovation in a Local Government Context — Data Sharing Rewards and Barriers
Authors: Phippen Andy , Raza Awais , Butel Lynne , Southern Rebekah
Published: April 2016

In this paper we explore a methodological innovation in a practitioner based context - data sharing, the integration of data sets from different sources to improve organisational knowledge and strategic decision making. In this case the innovation is explored within public sector organisations. Evidence for the impact of such approaches is drawn from a case study at a UK local authority, which took part in a long term project to explore the issues of data sharing within their organisation. The paper highlights the issues that arise in trying to achieve data sharing in a live context and the breadth of barriers that such an innovation faces. However, it also highlights the value that can result from such practices, once implemented.
Crossing Spiritual Boundaries: Encountering, Articulating and Representing Otherworlds
Authors: MacKian Sara
Published: April 2016

There is a growing critical social science literature around contemporary expressions of alternative spirituality. However, this literature appears to have overlooked a core feature of these spiritual experiences. For many contemporary alternative spiritual practitioners, spirit plays an active and ever present role in their everyday lives and relationships. However, the critical social science discourse has failed to adequately engage with this. Instead the dominant approach has been to suggest spirituality today is about a personal journey to the divine within, usually sustained by the purchase of widely available protean commodities such as crystals, Buddhas and weekend retreats. In this discourse the ‘spirit’ at the heart of spirituality has effectively been killed. It is my belief that this is in part a reflection of the inability of social science to encounter, articulate and represent such otherworldliness. Based on my experiences of participatory fieldwork with individuals and groups engaged in a wide range of spiritual practices, I suggest critical social science needs to be able to engage with the enchanted worlds which arise out of many contemporary spiritual experiences with respect, sensitivity and a little creativity. These practitioners are actively seeking connections between ‘this' world and ‘otherworlds' and it is time for critical social science to acknowledge the ‘extra-geographies' that arise out of this. In this paper I reflect upon the methodological implications of this, and present a conceptual framework which might help us to articulate and represent the spatialities of these very enchanted spiritualities.
Facet Methodology: The Case for an Inventive Research Orientation
Authors: Mason Jennifer
Published: April 2016

This article puts the case for a new and evolving research approach or orientation – ‘facet methodology’, developed in collaborative team based working at Realities at the Morgan Centre, a ‘Node’ of the UK National Centre for Research Methods. Research fields are seen as constructed through combinations and constellations of facets as we might see in a cut gemstone, where facets refract and intensify light, taking up the background, and creating flashes of depth and colour as well as patches of shadow. In facet methodology, the gemstone is the overall research question or problematic, and facets are conceived as different methodological-substantive planes and surfaces, which are designed to be capable of casting and refracting light in a variety of ways that help to define the overall object of concern by creating flashes of insight. Facets involve different lines of enquiry, and different ways of seeing. The approach aims to create a strategically illuminating set of facets in relation to specific research concerns and questions. The rigour of the approach comes ultimately from researcher skill, inventiveness, creativity, insight and imagination – in deciding how best to carve the facets so that they catch the light in the best possible way. The paper argues that facet methodology can make a contribution to debates about the ‘politics of method’, especially in relation to its emphasis on the significance of flashes of insight rather than the production of ‘maximum data’ of a descriptive kind.
Marketing Netnography: Prom/ot(Ulgat)ing a New Research Method
Authors: Kozinets Robert V.
Published: April 2016

This paper builds upon a core metaphor of scientific methodological diffusion as a specialized form of the marketing of ideas. Using as an illustrative the development and spread of netnography, online ethnography of social media data, this paper explores the nature of the creation, legitimation, adoption, and spread of a new scientific method. Viewing method diffusion as a type of marketing suggests a range of implications. Ideas about the method can be viewed, treated, and managed as a type of ‘brand’. The method is not created in a vacuum but, like a marketed new product, is engineered to satisfy a particular scientific or investigative need, and its success depends on how well it satisfies that need. A particular ‘research-oriented segment’ can be investigated, reached, and deliberately targeted. In this article, I explore how institutional waves of academic, geographic, and pragmatic target research audiences helped to reinforce the adoption of a new scientific approach. The method can be positioned intentionally in a particular methodological category, and as superior to other methods. Once the strategy for marketing the method is intact, the tactics for its spread can be introduced. The ideas for the method and methodology can be brought to their audience in a particular form, with particular attributes, through certain distribution or publication channels, promoted through various means, and offered through for a ‘price’ that encapsulates the difficulty of adopting it. The article explores these ideas about the promulgation of a new method using the development of netnography as an extended case study example.
Footprints in the Field: Researcher Identity in Social Research
Authors: Harvey Jonathan
Published: April 2016

This paper encourages researchers to consider their own identity to be of particular importance within any research project. Rather than seeing our own identities as being fully formed and therefore detached from a project, this paper suggests that we invest ourselves into research and acknowledge the impact we have on research. Investing ourselves into research, also involves considering our identities to be open to adaption. Consequently, an investigation of how our own identities can be influenced by the process of carrying out research is also discussed. It is suggested that this investment may open up endless possibilities for future research and practice. Notably, the process of self-investigation can result in transparent and ethical knowledge production. I use the example of my own research to highlight the advantages of remaining open to and embracing these opportunities for growth. Drawing on a poststructural conceptual framework, I critically explore some of the possibilities that a thorough interrogation of the self can create.
A database of global reference sites to support validation of satellite surface albedo datasets (SAVS 1.0)
Authors: Loew Alexander , Bennartz Ralf , Fell Frank , Lattanzio Alessio , Doutriaux-Boucher Marie , Schulz Jörg
Published: April 2016

Abstract. To validate the accuracy and longterm stability of terrestrial satellite data products, a network of reference sites is required. The present paper documents a database of more than 2000 sites globally which have been characterized in terms of their spatial heterogeneity. The work was motivated by the need for potential validation sites for geostationary surface albedo data products, but the resulting database might be useful also for other applications. The publically available database (SAVS 1.0) is available through the EUMETSAT website (http://savs.eumetsat.int/) and allows to filter the sites according to different criteria. It provides a flexible mean to identify potential validation sites for further studies and a traceable approach to characterize the heterogeneity of these reference sites. The present manuscript describes the detailed information on the generation of the SAVS 1.0 database and its characteristics.
Assessing the quality of digital elevation models obtained from mini unmanned aerial vehicles for overland flow modelling in urban areas
Authors: Leitão João P. , Moy de Vitry Matthew , Scheidegger Andreas , Rieckermann Jörg
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Precise and detailed digital elevation models (DEMs) are essential to accurately predict overland flow in urban areas. Unfortunately, traditional sources of DEM, such as airplane light detection and ranging (lidar) DEMs and point and contour maps, remain a bottleneck for detailed and reliable overland flow models, because the resulting DEMs are too coarse to provide DEMs of sufficient detail to inform urban overland flows. Interestingly, technological developments of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) suggest that they have matured enough to be a competitive alternative to satellites or airplanes. However, this has not been tested so far. In this study we therefore evaluated whether DEMs generated from UAV imagery are suitable for urban drainage overland flow modelling. Specifically, 14 UAV flights were conducted to assess the influence of four different flight parameters on the quality of generated DEMs: (i) flight altitude, (ii) image overlapping, (iii) camera pitch, and (iv) weather conditions. In addition, we compared the best-quality UAV DEM to a conventional lidar-based DEM. To evaluate both the quality of the UAV DEMs and the comparison to lidar-based DEMs, we performed regression analysis on several qualitative and quantitative metrics, such as elevation accuracy, quality of object representation (e.g. buildings, walls and trees) in the DEM, which were specifically tailored to assess overland flow modelling performance, using the flight parameters as explanatory variables. Our results suggested that, first, as expected, flight altitude influenced the DEM quality most, where lower flights produce better DEMs; in a similar fashion, overcast weather conditions are preferable, but weather conditions and other factors influence DEM quality much less. Second, we found that for urban overland flow modelling, the UAV DEMs performed competitively in comparison to a traditional lidar-based DEM. An important advantage of using UAVs to generate DEMs in urban areas is their flexibility that enables more frequent, local, and affordable elevation data updates, allowing, for example, to capture different tree foliage conditions.
PARIS COMO GEOSSÍMBOLO E TRAUMASCAPE: DISCUSSÃO A PROPÓSITO DOS ATENTADOS TERRORISTAS OCORRIDOS EM NOVEMBRO DE 2015 - DOI 10.5216/bgg.v36i1.40370
Authors: Luís Jesus Fernandes João
Published: April 2016

Os ataques terroristas que ocorreram em Paris, em novembro de 2015, inserem-se numa estratégia de agressão a lugares com relevância global. Para além dos danos diretos, esses ataques tiram partido da rápida difusão das imagens, com efeitos que ultrapassam os espaços atingidos, criando um ambiente transnacional de medoe insegurança. Nesse sentido, Paris é um alvo vulnerável – porque representa os valores que o terrorismo quer agora atingir, mas também porque se trata de uma cidade com projeção internacional, como simbolicamente se demonstra pela forma como o seu principal ícone - a Torre Eiffel, é encenado e deslocalizado em diferentes lugares do mundo. Pela condenação geral do terrorismo, mas também pela filiação a essa cidade global, os ataques geraram uma rede extensa e alargada de solidariedade.Palavras-chave: cidade, terrorismo, ícone, geossímbolo.
SALÁRIO MÍNIMO E PREÇOS COMO DETERMINANTES DE COMPLEMENTARIDADE EM CONURBAÇÕES BINACIONAIS - DOI 10.5216/bgg.v36i1.40379
Authors: Pereira Lamoso Lisandra
Published: April 2016

A taxa de câmbio é uma informação relevante para compreensão da integração comercial nas cidades conurbadas binacionais ou cidades-gêmeas. Discutimos outro elemento para compreender os processos de integração e complementaridade comercial. O valor do salário mínimo e seu poder de compra em cada lado da fronteira, nesse caso, a conurbação de Pedro Juan Caballero (Departamento de Amambay - Paraguai) e Ponta Porã (Mato Grosso do Sul - Brasil). A pesquisa realizou levantamento de preços em janeiro de 2013 e outubro de 2015 para confirmar a hipótese de que a conurbação tem um movimento pendular e orgânico que transcende o efeito do dólar como moeda de compra. O dólar é elemento estruturador do turismo de compras, mas não do cotidiano das cidades-gêmeas.Palavras-chave: cidades conurbadas binacionais, fronteira, cidades-gêmeas, práticas de fronteirização.
“Comportamentos Antissociais na Infância e Juventude em Portugal (décadas de 70 a 90 do século XX): incursões exploratórias”
Authors: Henriques Helder , Vilhena Carla
Published: April 2016

Este texto tem como objeto de análise discursos sobre as crianças e os jovens delinquentes que circularam em Portugal, no período compreendido entre as décadas de 70 e 90 do século XX. Do ponto de vista empírico, tomamos como referência a legislação produzida sobre esta temática, assim como o estudo da revista “Infância e Juventude”, propriedade da Federação Nacional das Instituições de Proteção à Infância, no arco temporal previsto. Começaremos por apresentar o quadro histórico de evolução do sistema de justiça de menores em Portugal ao longo de novecentos, para depois analisarmos o processo de construção social da categoria criança e jovem delinquente, fazendo particular referências quer àquelas que eram consideradas as causas deste problema, quer às soluções propostas.
Narrativas sobre o Patrimônio Industrial: Ferramentarias de Moldes e Matrizes em Joinville/SC
Authors: Kalb Christiane Heloisa , Carelli Mariluci Neis
Published: April 2016

Este artigo analisa a importância do patrimônio industrial, especialmente no que se refere às ferramentarias de moldes e matrizes para a cidade de Joinville/SC. A cidade é conhecida internacionalmente por sua característica industrial, especialmente na área de ferramentarias. Essa realidade já conta com algumas décadas de história que pode ser contada a partir das memórias dos seus ferramenteiros, que iniciaram suas atividades durante a década de 1980. A metodologia utilizada foi embasada em revisão bibliográfica e na análise das entrevistas orais obtidos pelo Projeto de Pesquisa denominado Patrimônio Industrial de Joinville – PIJ. Durante a pesquisa ficou claro a ligação entre a identidade dos entrevistados, em sua maioria ferramenteiros ativos ou já aposentados, com a cidade de Joinville conhecida por sua pujança industrial, por esse motivo, merecedora de estudos mais aprofundados sobre o patrimônio cultural industrial em seus aspectos materiais e imateriais, a partir das memórias desses profissionais ferramenteiros.
AUTORIDADE PARENTAL: DIREITO DE FAMÍLIA E PRINCÍPIOS CONSTITUCIONAIS
Authors: Riva Léia Comar
Published: April 2016

O poder familiar quanto à pessoa dos filhos desafiou o tempo; está previsto em quase todos os sistemas jurídicos modernos e é considerado um dos institutos mais importantes do direito privado. O presente estudo objetiva refletir sobre os direitos e deveres dos pais em relação à pessoa dos filhos e às alterações estabelecidas pela Lei nº 13.058/2014, com ênfase nas relações familiares e nos princípios constitucionais. O procedimento metodológico constitui-se de pesquisas bibliográfica e documental fundadas na discussão teórica do material levantado. Após a análise, os dados sugerem, em relação ao exercício do poder familiar, que as mudanças ocorreram muito mais na concepção em torno do instituto do que na letra da lei, e que um dos caminhos possíveis para o tornar mais efetivo é a valorização das autoridades paterna e materna pela família, sociedade em geral e Estado. Quanto às alterações trazidas pela indicada Lei, verificou-se que a extensão das competências é apenas de denominação, pois, ou estavam previstas em leis anteriores e foram reintegradas no atual ordenamento jurídico, ou constam em outras leis vigentes, ou foram decorrência da guarda compartilhada. Verificou-se, ainda, que a edição de lei ordinária que altera outra lei ordinária nem sempre se mostra a melhor solução para regulamentar as questões sociais. Finalmente, no que diz respeito aos princípios constitucionais, foi possível refletir acerca da possibilidade do diálogo entre o direito de família, em geral, e seu instituto do poder familiar, em particular.
THE REFORM OF FRENCH CONTRACT LAW: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW
Authors: Downe Alexis
Published: April 2016

Since the Napoleonic Code of 1804 we have seen republics, monarchies and empires coming and going; local and world wars; revolutions, from the industrial to the informational; and our society has moved from an economy based on agriculture to one open to the world, based on tertiary services. In all this time, French contract law has been able to stay up and keep up to date with the many changes in society, thanks to the judicial interpretation of the various articles of the French civil code and the generality of its articles. There have been many previous attempts to reform French contract law but its principles, forged in 1804, have escaped unscathed, except for certain transpositions of European directives. This article focuses on an academic point of view with regards the reforms to the French civil code that will bring private contract law into line with modern international standards. This is the first step in a series of broader changes the government is making to the French law of obligations. This reform is said to have both adapted and revolutionised French contract law and merits scholarly attention.
Influences of Cultural Elements on Metaphor
Authors: He Keyu
Published: April 2016

Metaphor is not only an important figure of speech, but also a cognitive means of the human mind. The people with different means of thinking have different cultures. The metaphorical language used by people must be fully saturated with culture peculiar to it. Metaphor, as a figure of speech, is unavoidably associated with culture due to the relationship of language and culture. As far as the theme of the thesis is concerned, it tries to analyze the cultural factors influencing the formation of metaphor.
Evaluation of Trace Metal Contamination in Ise Bay, Mie Prefecture, Central Japan, Based on Geochemical Analysis of Tidal Flat Sediments
Authors: Diallo Ibrahima MBemba , Ishiga Hiroaki
Published: April 2016

Geochemical analysis of tidal flat sediments was conducted to evaluate the environment of Ise Bay, Mie, central Japan. The sediment samples were analyzed using XRF to determine the geochemical compositions of sediments in the Ise and Matsusaka estuaries and their foreshores. Enrichment Factor (EF) and the Anthropogenic Contribution (AC) parameters were used to examine the potential effect of human activity. Furthermore, the Coastal Ocean Sediment Database, lowest and severe effect levels and Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines were applied as benchmarks to assess the sediment quality. The results show that the highest average concentrations of metals occur in the Ise estuary, mainly due to the presence of higher proportions of silt and clay in samples at that site. The EFs of Pb in the Matsusaka foreshore, and that of As in the Ise foreshore reflect minimal pollution. The average AC ranged from 1 to 30%, implying that the lithology is the primary control of any enrichment in trace metals within the bay. The sediment quality guidelines indicate that the metal levels in the study areas do not constitute a major threat to biota.
Relation between Children’s Well-Being and Family Function in Children with Thalassemia Major in Isfahan in 2013
Authors: Keshvari Mahrokh , Ebrahimi Ahmad , Abedi Heidarali
Published: April 2016

The function of every family has a significant impact on the health of its members. Thalassemia is a chronic disease and, as the most common genetic disorder in the world, affects different aspects of life, including emotional well-being. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between well-being in children with a Thalassemia major and the function of their families, in Isfahan, Iran, in 2013. This was a cross sectional study and census sampling was used to collect the data. The study sample consisted of 97 children with thalassemia at the age of 10-16 years who referred to the clinic of Imam Reza, Seyed-al-Shohada Hospital in Isfahan. The subjects were evaluated using the Adolescent Psychological Wellbeing Scale and Family Functioning Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a reverse relationship between the overall score of family functioning and illness score of children with thalassemia (r=-0.377, P<0.001). In other words, children with thalassemia who are in families with a higher functionality have a greater sense of well-being. Among the 15 aspects of family functioning, the aspect of expressiveness and Lack of independence had the highest correlation with well-being in children with thalassemia. However, the aspect of locus of control and Disengagement had the lowest correlation with their well-being. The results of this study showed that there is a direct relationship between family functioning and emotional well-being of children with thalassemia major. Therefore, an important task of public health nurses is to improve the function of families in various aspects. The strengthening of family planning and implementation of projects in this regard is also necessary. 
The Association of Self-Assessed Emotional Intelligence with Academic Achievement and General Health among Students of Medical Sciences
Authors: Gorgich Enam Alhagh Charkhat , Barfroshan Sanam , Ghoreishi Gholamreza , Balouchi Abbas , Nastizaie Naser , Arbabisarjou Azizollah
Published: April 2016

INTRODUCTION & AIM: Emotional intelligence is one of the most important leading factors influencing different aspects of human life. It leads individuals to percept their feelings for appropriate decision making and fields for future accomplishments. The aim of this study was to Investigation of the associations of self-assessed EI with academic achievement and general health among medical students.

MATERIALS & METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 426 students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences from October 2014 to May 2015. Random sampling method was used. Sibria Shring standard emotional intelligence questionnaire and Goldberg's standard general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used for data collecting. Data analysis was through descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient) by SPSS v.21. The tests significant level was considered 0.05.

FINDINGS: The average total score of emotional intelligence in males (102.23±1.67) was better in comparison with females (98.54±2.23). There was not any significant difference in total mean scores of students of different fields of Study (P=0.211). According to ANOVA test, it has not observed any significant difference between scores of emotional intelligence scales of students from different domains of study. The results of Pearson correlation test confirmed a positive significant correlation between emotional intelligence, academic achievement and general health.

CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study that has shown a significant relationship between emotional intelligence, general health and academic achievement, it is needed to hold some workshops and classes for emotional intelligence improvement. 
The Relations between Disability and Environmental Factors: A Pilot Study in Iranian Older Adults
Authors: Shahbazi Mohammadreza , Foroughan Mahshid , Rahgozar Mahdi , Salmanroghani Reza
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE: This study explored disability and its correlations with the environmental factors in a group of Iranian older adults.

MATERIALS & METHODS: A cross sectional study was performed. One hundred participants receiving adult day care services in Kahrizak center in Iran were selected by using the complete enumeration method. The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2 (WHODAS II) and the Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors (CHIEF) questionnaires were used to collect data.

RESULTS: The mean score of disability was 20.61±13.66, and the scores were higher in women compared to men (P=0.001). Among the CHIEF-25 items‚ the most frequently perceived barrier by the participants was transportation followed by home design and unavailability of health care services. There was a significant association between the disability scores and the environmental factors (P<0.001). Also, significant relationships were found between the disability and all the subscales investigated in the study (polices‚ physical/structural‚ attitude/support‚ services/assistance) (P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: Appropriate transportation‚ availability to health care services and removing physical/structural barriers should be taken in consideration.
A Consensus-based Approach for Team Allocations: the Case of Logistics in Campania Region
Authors: Bassano Clara , Ciasullo Maria , Gaeta Matteo , Rarità Luigi
Published: April 2016

This work proposes a competence-based approach, enriched by consensus, for deciding on team compositions, in particular, time- and quality-dependent contexts, where teams have to perform some assigned activities. This problem is very relevant for the dynamics of logistic networks whose nodes are warehouses, distribution centers, and small family businesses that deal with work orders that have to be satisfied. The approach consists of models that focus on workers’ competences by using the Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes model for workers’ knowledge representation, and competence models to describe the activities to be performed. Some consensus strategies among workers are then used to obtain the correct choice of teams to assign to the various work orders. According to the concept of value co-creation, this paper proposes an original and hybrid approach, based on competences and enriched by consensus, in order to obtain and select the most “suitable” teams for the activities to be performed. This approach is tested, carefully and in depth, on the real case of a small family business inside a sophisticated logistics area, consisting of a fleet of trucks that, by transporting goods from one point to another, underpins the logistics chain inside the Campania region (Italy). These areas of logistics consider small family businesses, which manage the maintenance and repair or trucks, as highly critical nodes of the system. We show that our approach produces results similar to the decisions made by the leader of such a small family business.
Accurate and Rigorous Prediction of the Changes in Protein Free Energies in a Large‐Scale Mutation Scan
Authors: Gapsys Vytautas , Michielssens Servaas , Seeliger Daniel , de Groot Bert L.
Published: April 2016

The prediction of mutation‐induced free‐energy changes in protein thermostability or protein–protein binding is of particular interest in the fields of protein design, biotechnology, and bioengineering. Herein, we achieve remarkable accuracy in a scan of 762 mutations estimating changes in protein thermostability based on the first principles of statistical mechanics. The remaining error in the free‐energy estimates appears to be due to three sources in approximately equal parts, namely sampling, force‐field inaccuracies, and experimental uncertainty. We propose a consensus force‐field approach, which, together with an increased sampling time, leads to a free‐energy prediction accuracy that matches those reached in experiments. This versatile approach enables accurate free‐energy estimates for diverse proteins, including the prediction of changes in the melting temperature of the membrane protein neurotensin receptor 1.
Effect of ionic liquids on the structural, thermal, and in vitro degradation properties of poly(ε‐caprolactone) synthesized in the presence of Candida antarctica lipase B
Authors: Piotrowska Urszula , Sobczak Marcin , Oledzka Ewa , Combes Christèle
Published: April 2016

The study provides detailed information on the differences in the structural, thermal and degradation properties of poly(ε‐caprolactone) synthesized in two different ionic liquids, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [bmim][PF6] and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [bmim][NTf2], regarding its further usage in the pharmaceutical field. The polymer structure confirms the presence of both linear polymer chains with end‐functional hydroxyl groups allowing covalent coupling of the therapeutic agents, and cyclic macromolecules, both affecting the degree of crystallinity of polymer. The highest macrocyclic content (64%) after 7 days of polymerization at 80 °C was observed for [bmim][NTf2]. For [bmim][PF6], the macrocyclic content value was not dependent on the reaction time and remained at a similar level (10–14% at 80 °C). The results of degradation test revealed that hydrolytic degradation of ester bonds is more pronounced for PCLs synthesized in [bmim][NTf2], due to their lower degree of crystallinity compared with PCLs obtained in [bmim][PF6]. A high purity, low polydispersity index of the obtained polymers and high yield of the process (ca., 90%) indicate that ionic liquids seem to be promising solvents for the synthesis of biomedical polymers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43728.