bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DISTRIBUSI FREKUENSI KEHILANGAN GIGI BERDASARKAN KLASIFIKASI KENNEDY DITINJAU DARI TINGKAT PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT KELURAHAN PEUNITI BANDA ACEH
Authors: Rahmayani Liana , Andriany Poppy
Published: February 2018

Background: The missing teeth are substantially can influence the whole of general and oral health quality. That also can be the oral health indicator in a population. Partial edentulous teeth is a missing condition of one or several teeth that can cause the loosing of function which causing by a disease or specific condition. Kennedy classification is to classify the state division of some missing teeth include bilateral posterior Kennedy class I edentulous area (free end), Kennedy class II posterior unilateral edentulous area, Kennedy class III unilateral or bilateral edentulous (bounded), class IV Kennedy Single Edentulous Area used as the reference of anterior to see partial missing teeth area. Purpose: The study aims to see the frequency distribution of partial edentulous based on the Kennedy classification with income levels at the Peuniti Village society in Banda Aceh aged 35-44 years. Method: The study began the selection of the subject at the Peuniti Village in Banda Aceh with missing teeth oral examination and fill the questionaire. The study was using univariate analysis to see the frequency distribution of missing teeth in subject at Peuniti Village Banda Aceh. Result: The result showed that partial edentulous based on the Kennedy classification with income level at Peuniti Village society inBanda Aceh was higher in class III and found at age 35-44 years.
PENATALAKSANAAN EKSTRUSI GIGI INCISIVUS LATERAL PADA KASUS PATHOLOGIC TOOTH MIGRATION PERIODONTITIS KRONIS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SPLINT FIXED APPLIANCE
Authors: Ismail A. K. Ade
Published: February 2018

Pendahuluan: Pathologic tooth migration (PTM), atau migrasi gigi patologis, merupakan kelainan yang sering dijumpai pada penyakit periodontitis kronis. Tanda klinis dari PTM ini antara lain adalah pergeseran gigi ke arah labial, diastema, rotasi dan ekstrusi yang mengakibatkan gangguan estetik sehingga pasien datang berkunjung ke klinik gigi untuk dilakukan perawatan.Tujuan: Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk mengembalikan posisi gigi incisivus lateral yang mengalami ekstrusi, mengurangi kegoyahan gigi dan mengembalikan fungsi estetis pasien dengan menggunakan fixed-splint appliance.Penatalaksanaan: Pasien wanita umur 49 tahun datang dengan keluhan gigi depan goyah dan bertambah panjang sehingga mengganggu penampilannya dan pengunyahan. Setelah dilakukan pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan radiografi, dilakukan initial phase therapy dengan tindakan SRP dan pemolesan gigi, kemudian dilakukan pemasangan fixed-splint appliance pada kunjungan berikutnya, untuk mengembalikan posisi gigi incisivus lateral yang ekstrusi. Setelah dicapai posisi yang sesuai, dilakukan bone graft pada gigi tersebut.Kesimpulan: Hasil perawatan, posisi gigi incisivus lateral kembali normal dan tidak goyah sehingga pasien merasa puas.
HUBUNGAN KADAR UREA SALIVA TERHADAP DERAJAT KEASAMAN (pH) SALIVA PADA ANAK USIA 12-15 TAHUN
Authors: Vesthi Nifarea Anlila , Aditya Grahita , Amalina Rizki
Published: February 2018

Introduction: One of the dental disease in the oral cavity that often experience by society are caries. Caries is one of the hard tooth tissue disease that can touch enamel, dentin, and sementum. One of the factor that affect caries process is saliva. Urea is one of the organic composition that compose saliva. Urea in salive plays as buffer capacity and the pH saliva adjustment.Methods: This study is an analytic observational with cross sectional approach, this study are conducted in Daarul 'Ilmi Islamic boarding school with 19 subject of 12-15 years old child. The data are obtained from the examination of urea saliva level and pH saliva in child. The level of urea saliva are measured using spectrophotometer tools and the pH saliva are measured using pH meter. The Shapiro-wilkare used to deterime the data normality, continue with Leuvenetest to determinde the data homogeneity data. Data are analyzed using Pearson test to determine the relation of urea level in saliva against the pH saliva.Results: According the data analysis, the data are in normal distribution and homogeneous. The research result are obtain average of urea level in urea sample is 13,45 mg/dl, and the average of pH saliva sampelis 7,15. The result of Pearsonstatistic testare obtain p value of = 0,000, with the positive correlation level of 0,902.Conclusion: The conclusion of this study are note that there are relation between the urea level in saliva against pH salive. This are proven from the Pearson test result with significance value of 0.000 (p< 0.05).
PENGARUH BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK BIJI ADAS (Foeniculum vulgare mill.) SEBAGAI DENTURE CLEANSER TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN CANDIDA ALBICANS PADA PLAT AKRILIK
Authors: Ambo Andhika , Nurhapsari Arlina , Rahman Erwid Fatchur
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Fennel plant is known as a medicine plant. Fennel plant parts that have the highest content is the seed. Essential oils, flavonoids, and saponins contained in fennel seed have an influence against candida albicans growth.Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the influence of various concentrations of fennel seed extract as a denture  cleanser against candida albicans growth on acrilyc plate.Methods: This research was an experimental laboratoty and study design was an experimental with post test only control group design. Total sample is 30 acrilyc plate measuring 6x1 cm. The sample were divided into 6 groups, 5 groups were  soaked in various concentrations of fennel seed extract (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%) and one groups was soaked in control positive polident. Soaking was done for 5 minutes. Candida  albicans were incubated for 48 hours at 37°C. The result of this study were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and LSD (Least  Significance Difference).Results: Based on the one-way ANOVA test was done then  obtained significance value of 0,000 (p<0,05), so it can be concluded that there are significant differences between the two sets groups of at least. Based on the LSD test was done then obtained significance value of p<0,05 in all groups which means there are significant differences between each group, except in group fennel seed extract concentration of 100% with control  positive polident obtained 0,924 significance (p>0,05) which means there are no significant differences between two groups.Conclusion: The researchers' conclusion that there was the influence of various concentration of fennel seed extract as a denture cleanser against candida albicans growth on aclilyc plate. Fennel seed extract concentration of 100% has the  greatest influence as a denture cleanser against candida albicans growth.
PERBEDAAN KELARUTAN KALSIUM PADA GIGI DESIDUI DAN GIGI PERMANEN DALAM PERENDAMAN MINUMAN BERKARBONASI RASA BUAH
Authors: Erviana Octa Nana , Fatmasari Diyah , Benyamin Benni
Published: February 2018

Introduction: SThe carbonated beverage is the main factor  causing tooth erosion due to acidic and mass consumed, especially by children and adolescents.Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the  differences between solubility of calcium in deciduous teeth and  permanent teeth in the soaking fruit-flavored carbonated  beverage.Methods: The research was a quasi experimental research with the formulated research post test only design. The sample used was 24 teeth, which consists of 12 deciduous incisors central teeth of the maxillary and 12 incisor central permanent teeth of the maxillary. The samples were divided into 6 groups and treated by soaking in the carbonated soft drinks for 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The data analysis used in this reasearch was a Two Way ANOVA test with probability p<0.05. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by the Tukey HSD test to determine the  differences in each group.Results: Based on Two Way ANOVA test that was conduct, it was obtained significance value of 0.000 (p <0.05), so it can be concluded that there are significant differences between groups. From Tukey HSD test it was obtained a significance value of  p<0.05 in all groups. It means that there are significant differences between each group, except in the immersion group of deciduous teeth 30 minutes with the permanent teeth 45 minutes that obtained 0,929 significance (p>0.05). It means that there was no significant differences between the two treatment groups. The result of the data analysis reveals that there was a difference in the solubility of calcium in deciduous teeth and permanent teeth. The solubility of calcium in deciduous teeth was larger than the permanent teeth at all time duration,  because of the deciduous teeth had thinner and permeable enamel than permanent teeth.
PERBANDINGAN UJI KEBOCORAN TEPI RESIN KOMPOSIT FLOWABLE DAN BAHAN LUTING SEMEN PADA PASAK POLYETHYLENE FIBER-REINFORCED (PFR)
Authors: Nasrudin Malun , Aju Fatmawati Dwi Warna , Soesetijo FX Ady
Published: February 2018

Background: Zinc phosphate, glass-ionomer, and resin cement are the most commonly used as luting cements. Flowable composite resin could reduce restoration microleakage and provided better marginal seal in dentin. Purpose: The objective of the study was to compare microleakage between flowable composite resin and cement luting materials.Methods: The study was experimental laboratory by the post test only without control group design. The sample size was 18, which was divided into 3 groups. Each group consisted of 6 samples. Glass-ionomer cement and zinc phosphate were luting cement materials that used in the study. Microleakage measurement method used stereomicroscope after the samples were stored in methylen blue 0.25%.Results: The smallest average value of microleakage was in the flowable composite resin group (29,16%). One way ANOVA test results showed that there were significant differences between treatment groups (p=0.000). Conclusion: It was concluded that flowable composite resin have smaller microleakage average value than glass-ionomer cement and zinc phosphate.
PERBEDAAN LAJU ALIRAN SALIVA TERSTIMULASI ANTARA PENGUNYAHAN PARAFIN WAX DENGAN PERMEN KARET XYLITOL PADA PASIEN TERINDIKASI GERD
Authors: Andayani Ridha , . Sunnati , Sholiha Amatu
Published: February 2018

Background: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a condition of irreversibility (reflux) of stomach contents into the esophagus exceeds the normal amount and causes a variety of complaints. Reduction in salivary flow and decreased secretion of bicarbonate in the saliva cannot be avoided so that the patient is symptomatic GERD in the oral cavity in the form of halitosis and tooth erosion. Paraffin wax and chewing xylitol gum can be an alternative to increase the rate of saliva and neutralize the acid in patients with GERD. This study aimsto observes salivary flow rate differences between paraffin wax and xylitol gum patient - indicated GERD at RSUDZA in Banda Aceh.Method: This research is an analytic study with cross sectional approach and a subject of 17 people. Data were analyzed by statistical tests using Wilcoxon test.The results of this study, the salivary flows by chewing paraffin wax at the low category (52.9%), whereas salivary flows by chewing xylitol gum is the normal category (76.5%).Result: The data obtained P = 0.001 (P <0.05) for the difference between chewing paraffin wax and chewing xylitol gum.Conclusion: The conclusion from this study is a significant difference between salivary flows chewing paraffin wax and chewing xylitol gum in patient-indicated GERD at RSUDZA in Banda Aceh
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN DAN TINDAKAN DOKTER GIGI DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT MENULAR
Authors: Hidayat Annisa Meirani , Arbianti Kusuma , Wardhana Erdianto Setya
Published: February 2018

Background: Infectious disease is a disease caused by a particular toxin.Infectious diseases that acquired from the hospital environment called nosocomial infections. Hepatitis B, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS is a commonly infectious disease that often found in dental practice. The risk for dentist to infected the infectious diseases are very high, due to direct contact with saliva. The awareness of infection control at the dentist is very important to prevent disease transmission.This aim of this research is to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge of the dentist with the precautions against infection diseases.Method: Cross-sectional analytic study with one group post-test only design was done in 25 dentists in the Dental Hospital Sultan Agung Semarang. The instrument for this research was used a questionnaire and a check list. Questionnaire was used to determine the level of knowledge, while the check list to determine the actions of the respondents. Data were analyzed with Pearson Correlation Test.Result: The questionnaire and the check list that was used is valid and reliable. The results showed 95.8% of respondents have a good knowledge, 4.2% are good enough knowledgeand 0% is lackingknowledge. All respondents have a good action in the prevention of infectious diseases. Pearson correlation test results showed p = 0.041, which means that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge of the dentists with the precautions against infectious diseases.Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge of the dentists with the precautions of infectious diseases, where the strength of the correlation is moderate.
EFEK NIGELLA SATIVA OIL TERHADAP UKURAN DIAMETER ULKUS TRAUMATIKUS PADA MALE WISTAR RATS SECARA IN VIVO
Authors: Septiana Linda , Hendari Ratnawati , Rahman Erwid Fatchur , Fatmasari Diyah
Published: February 2018

Background: Ulcer is a pathological condition characterized by loss of epithelial tissue. Ulcer will experience healing within 2 weeks after trauma source is removed. Nigella sativa Oil has been known to heal wounds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of NSO on healing of ulcers in male wistar rats from the use of chemicals.Method: This study design was quasi-experimental methods. Ten male wistar rats were exposing the H2O2 on the mandibular anterior gingiva. divided into negatif control group and NSO group. NSO group treated twice daily for 10 days. Observaton wound size was measured on 0, 3,7, 10 days. The results were analayzed with Repeated Anova test and LSD test.Result: The observations difference diameter of traumatic ulcer negative control group and NSO on 0-10 days was 1.458 mm and 2.182 mm. The results of data analysis showed that there are significant differences (p<0,05) between negatif control group and NSO.Conclusion: NSO has an influence of the size reduction of the diameter of traumatic ulcers.
PERBEDAAN PENGARUH MUSIK INSTRUMENTAL KITARO DAN MUSIK TRADISIONAL LANGGAM JAWA TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN ANAK – ANAK SEBELUM TINDAKAN PERAWATAN GIGI
Authors: Drajat Rizal Saeful , Wardhana Erdianto Setya , Rochmah Yayun Siti
Published: February 2018

Background: Child anxiety is a worries that comes from unknown sourceand most important factor that caused the problems of child visits to check the condition of oral health to dentist. Music applied as distraction to relieve anxiety, music can provide comfort and relaxation that becomes way to lowering psychological anxiety. Purpose of this study is to determine effect of instrumental music of Kitaro and traditional music of Javanese Langgam on the level of child’s anxiety before dental treatment.Method: Quasi-Experimental research with pretest-posttest design contol group was conducted on 74 samples were divided into 2 groups: instrumental music of Kitaro and traditional music of Javanese Langgam. Anxiety levels were measured by Wong Baker Face Scale questionnaire and pulse. Hypothesis was tested by Wilcoxon test on Wong Baker Face Scale questionnaire and paired sample t-test on measurement of pulse. To determine child’s anxiety level differences between two music were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test.Result: Wilcoxon test results on both music showed p=0.000 and results of paired sample t-test on both music showed p=0.000 this showed there were significant difference between before and after treatment. On Mann-Whitney test showed p=0.096 at Wong Baker Face Scale questionnaire and p=0.006 at pulse measurement, this showed there were significant difference between two groups.Conclusion: From these results concluded that there were difference effect of instrumental music of Kitaro and traditional music of Javanese Langgam in anxiety levels of children before dental treatment.
PERBEDAAN INDEKS KEBUTUHAN PERAWATAN PERIODONTAL (CPITN) ANAK NORMAL DAN ANAK TUNARUNGU
Authors: Mawaddah Nashriatul , Arbianti Kusuma , W Niluh Ringga
Published: February 2018

Background: Normal children had sensing capabilities to do oral health assessments. The inability to hear that was suffered by the deaf children caused obstacles to do oral health assessments. The dental and periodontal conditions were important for healthy life in general. The objective of this research was to know the difference Community Index Periodontal Treatment Needs (CPITN) between normal children in SD N 1 Tegaldowo Sragen with deaf children in SLB-B YPSLB Gemolong. Method: This research used observational method with Cross Sectional strategy. The subject of this research consist of 31 deaf children dan 83 normal children. Periodontal conditions from the two groups were measured by WHO probe. After the measurement, the CPITN index would be determined by looking at the highest score. The research was analyzed by using statistic non-parametric test from Mann-Whitney. Results: The result was 0.0003 (p<0.05), revealing there was a significant difference of CPITN index from normal children and deaf children. Conclusion: In conclusion, the highest periodontal status from normal children was gingival bleeding that meant they need to be given a conseling and demonstation about oral helath. The highest score from deaf children revealed the presence of subgingival and supragingival calculus that meant they needed to be given a counseling and demonstration including scaling treatment.
PERAWATAN PADA PASIEN ANKYLOGLOSSIA
Authors: Mandalas Henry , . Widya
Published: February 2018

Background: Ankyloglossia (tongue tie) is a congenital aberration characterized by a thick, toned, or short frenulum that causes limited tongue movement. Lingual frenectomy is performed for the treatment of patients with ankyloglossia. After surgery the patient can lift the tongue to the palate and can reach the labial portion of the maxillary left and right teeth. The purpose of this case report is to report frenectomy treatment in the lingual frenulum. Case Management: The 14-year-old female patient felt the tongue could not be lifted to the palate and it was difficult to clean the labial portion of the maxillary left and right teeth. On clinical examination the patient’s lingualis frenulum is short. The patient get prophylaxis treatment followed by a lingualis frenectomy surgery. Result: After 1 month control, the patient can lift the tongue to the palate and can clean the labial portion of the maxillary right and left teeth
APAKAH SHISHA BERBAHAYA BAGI KESEHATAN RONGGA MULUT ?
Authors: Putri Andi Anggun Mauliana , Subita Gus Permana
Published: February 2018

Background: In recent years, the use of tobacco in Indonesia increasingly varied in the forms and methods of consumption, one of which is shisha. Smoking shisha is increasingly popular due to a misperception that smoking shisha is harmless and lack of knowledge about the eﬀects of shisha smoking in oral health.Literature analysis: “PubMed” used as a search tool to identify all empirical studies related to the eﬀects of shisha smoking on health, especially in oral cavity.Discussion: Shisha smoke contained various toxic substances such as Nicotine, Tobacco Specifc Nitrosamines, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Volatile Organic Compounds, Carbon Monoxide, Tar, and high-temperature metal heating causing shisha smoke contained toxic heavy metals such as arsenic, nickel, cobalt, chromium, lead, and cadmium. The content of these toxic substances showed that smoked shisha is associated with dependence, acute and long-term negative health eﬀects similar to cigarette smoking. Toxic substances may cause various infections of microorganism such as Candida sp, Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1), Epstein Barr Virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Human Immunodefciency Virus; Oral mucosal changes such as Hairy Tongue, Smoker’s Melanosis, Nicotine Stomatitis, Frictional Keratosis, Fissured Tongues, gingival or periodontal inﬂammation, and leukodema; and lead to malignant lesions such as Keratosis, Leukoplakia, Erythroplakia, Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Lichenoid Lesions.Conclusion: Smoking shisha gives bad impact for human health especiallyoral health. Shisha smoking can lead to the development of various infectious diseases and potentially lead to malignancy in the oral mucosa. These foundings breaks the belief that shisha smoking is safe for health.
JUVENILE DELIQUENCY AMONG CHILDREN PRISONERS
Authors: Dodid Nurianto , Utami Retno Ristiasih , Savitri Anna Dian
Published: February 2018

This research attempt to identify the juvenile delinquency among children prisoner in Kutoarjo ChildrenPrison and also determine the factors cause of juvenile delinquency, the reasons why they dodelinquent and the effects of juvenile delinquency. The subjects were three boy and two girl prisoners.Interview, observation and documents analysis were used to collect data in this qualitative research.The data were analyzed by data reduction, coding and verification.Results indicate that the factors cause of juvenile delinquency among children prisoner are external andinternal factors. The external factors is family structure or disharmonic communication between parentsand children. The internal factors are sexuality drive and their hedonistic manner. The effects of juveniledelinquency increase number children or teenagers that being against the law and sexual harassment tothe girls inmate.
COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY (CBT) BASED ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PROCRASTINATION BEHAVIOR PROFILE
Authors: Coralia Farida , Yusuf Umar , Yanuvianti Milda
Published: February 2018

Academic procrastination is an unnecessary delay behavior conducted in the kinds of academic tasks,such as the final project or thesis. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy aimedat helping individuals cope with the problem through the introduction, identification and modification ofthe contents of individual cognition that does not work (dysfunctional) which may include assumptions,attitudes, and rules are irrational and automatic negative thoughts. The purpose of this study are to getan overview of academic procrastination that occurs at students from faculty of X, in doing their thesis,based on CBT approaches to overcome academic procrastination, especially to overcome the delayscompletion of thesis. This study uses quantitative and qualitative approaches, with purposive samplingtechnique. The study subjects consisted of 32 students from faculty of X whom are working their thesis.Based on Tuckman Procrastination Scale indicated that procrastination experienced by subjects in thecategories of mild, moderate to severe, with most results in the category of being mild and moderate.From the results of in-depth interviews of 14 individuals from 32 subjects, revealed that the whole subject of procrastination in general display characteristics, namely: delay for a task that should not bedone, and the uncomfortable feeling during the deferment done.
Eskrim Antrenörlerine Göre Eskrim Sporcularinin Performansını Etkileyen Psikolojik Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi Nitel Çalışma
Authors: KALKAN Naci , ZEKİOĞLU Aylin
Published: February 2018

This research was
designed with the aim of measuring psychological factors affecting the
performance of fencing athletes. In the research, case study design from
qualitative research methods was used. Sampling method is an easily achievable
case sampling from purposive sampling methods. Data were collected with a
semi-structured interview form constructed by the researcher. Interview was
done with 5 trainers at national team level. The interview was done with voice
recorder, data were first written down in plain form. The information written
in plain form were then coded by professionals in the area. Descriptive and
content analysis methods were used to solve the findings from the research. In
terms of findings analyzed in the study, according to the fencing coaches,
factors affecting fencing athletes psychologically; under the main theme of the
fencing coaches' opinions on the psychological factors affecting the
performance of the athletes, the following topics were examined: opinions
regarding training motivation, opinions regarding factors during competition,
opinions regarding athlete's personality traits, opinions regarding mental
factors affecting athletes.
Özel Spor İşletmelerinde Çalışan Personelin Genel Sinizm Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: CEYHUN Serdar , MALKOÇ Nedim , ARSLAN Nesrin
Published: February 2018

Küreselleşen dünyada ortaya çıkan kavramlardan biri sinizmdir.   Genel sinizm, olaylar karşısında bireylerin
olumsuz tutum ve davranışlarını içerir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, özel spor
tesislerinde çalışan personelin genel sinizm seviyelerini belirlemektir.
Araştırmanın örneklemini İstanbul ‘da, 
özel spor tesislerinde çalışan 305 personel oluşturdu. Çalışmamız 2016
yılı yaz döneminde gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmada, personelin genel sinizm
seviyelerini belirlemek için Wrigthsman (1992) tarafından geliştirilen genel
sinizm ölçeği kullanıldı. Ölçeğin genelinin ve alt faktörlerinin güvenirliğini
test etmek için Cronbach Alpha güvenilirlik analizi ile değerlendirildi.  Genel Sinizm ölçeğinin alt faktörleri ve
genelinden elde edilen puanların dağılımlarına ilişkin betimsel istatistikler
(ortalama, standart sapma, minimum değer, maksimum değer, çarpıklık ve
basıklık) hesaplandı. Çalışanların demografik özelliklerinden medeni durum ve
idari görevlerinin olma durumlarına göre genel sinizm sinizm düzeyleri
arasındaki farklılığı belirlemek için Independent-Sample t testi analizi
kullanıldı. Çalışanların yaş, meslekteki çalışma yılı ve aylık gelir düzeyi ile
genel sinizm ölçeğinin alt faktörleri ve geneline ilişkin sinizm seviyeleri
arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için One-Way ANOVA (Tek yönlü ANOVA) analizi
kullanıldı. Çalışmada bilişsel sinizm alt boyutunun sinizm seviyesinin daha
yüksek olduğu görüldü Sinizm seviyesinin demografik değişkenlerden;  yaş, medeni durum, idari görevde olma durumu,
çalışma yılı ve gelir durumu etkilendiği bulundu. Araştırmanın bulguları
dâhilinde öneriler geliştirildi.
Towards 3D crystal orientation reconstruction using automated crystal orientation mapping transmission electron microscopy (ACOM-TEM)
Authors: Kobler Aaron , Kübel Christian
Published: February 2018

To relate the internal structure of a volume (crystallite and phase boundaries) to properties (electrical, magnetic, mechanical, thermal), a full 3D reconstruction in combination with in situ testing is desirable. In situ testing allows the crystallographic changes in a material to be followed by tracking and comparing the individual crystals and phases. Standard transmission electron microscopy (TEM) delivers a projection image through the 3D volume of an electron-transparent TEM sample lamella. Only with the help of a dedicated TEM tomography sample holder is an accurate 3D reconstruction of the TEM lamella currently possible. 2D crystal orientation mapping has become a standard method for crystal orientation and phase determination while 3D crystal orientation mapping have been reported only a few times. The combination of in situ testing with 3D crystal orientation mapping remains a challenge in terms of stability and accuracy. Here, we outline a method to 3D reconstruct the crystal orientation from a superimposed diffraction pattern of overlapping crystals without sample tilt. Avoiding the typically required tilt series for 3D reconstruction enables not only faster in situ tests but also opens the possibility for more stable and more accurate in situ mechanical testing. The approach laid out here should serve as an inspiration for further research and does not make a claim to be complete.
Molecular Gas Properties in M83 from CO PDFs
Authors: Egusa Fumi , Hirota Akihiko , Baba Junichi , Muraoka Kazuyuki
Published: February 2018

We have obtained 12CO(1–0) data of the nearby barred spiral galaxy M83 from Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and Nobeyama 45 m observations. By combining these two data sets, the total CO flux has been recovered, and a high angular resolution (

corresponding to ∼40 pc at the distance of M83) has been achieved. The field of view is

corresponding to ∼3.4 kpc and covers the galactic center, bar, and spiral arm regions. In order to investigate how these galactic structures affect gas properties, we have created a probability distribution function (PDF) of the CO integrated intensity (

), peak temperature, and velocity dispersion for a region with each structure. We find that the

PDF for the bar shows a bright-end tail while that for the arm does not. As the star formation efficiency is lower in the bar, this difference in PDF shape is contrary to the trend in Milky Way studies where the bright-end tail is found for star-forming molecular clouds. While the peak temperature PDFs are similar for the bar and arm regions, velocity dispersion in the bar is systematically larger than in the arm. This large velocity dispersion is likely a major cause of the bright-end tail and of suppressed star formation. We also investigate an effect of stellar feedback to PDF profiles and find that the different

PDFs between bar and arm regions cannot be explained by the feedback effect, at least at the current spatial scale.
Galactic Disk Winds Driven by Cosmic Ray Pressure
Authors: Mao S. Alwin , Ostriker Eve C.
Published: February 2018

Cosmic ray pressure gradients transfer energy and momentum to extraplanar gas in disk galaxies, potentially driving significant mass loss as galactic winds. This may be particularly important for launching high-velocity outflows of “cool” (T ≲ 104 K) gas. We study cosmic ray-driven disk winds using a simplified semi-analytic model assuming streamlines follow the large-scale gravitational potential gradient. We consider scaled Milky Way–like potentials including a disk, bulge, and halo with a range of halo velocities V
H = 50–300

and streamline footpoints with radii in the disk R
0 = 1–16 kpc at a height of 1 kpc. Our solutions cover a wide range of footpoint gas velocity u
0, magnetic–to–cosmic ray pressure ratio, gas–to–cosmic ray pressure ratio, and angular momentum. Cosmic ray streaming at the Alfvén speed enables the effective sound speed C
eff to increase from the footpoint to a critical point where C
eff,c
 = u

c
 ∼ V
H; this differs from thermal winds, in which C
eff decreases outward. The critical point is typically at a height of 1–6 kpc from the disk, increasing with V
H, and the asymptotic wind velocity exceeds the escape speed of the halo. Mass-loss rates are insensitive to the footpoint values of the magnetic field and angular momentum. In addition to numerical parameter space exploration, we develop and compare to analytic scaling relations. We show that winds have mass-loss rates per unit area up to

, where Π0 is the footpoint cosmic ray pressure and u
0 is set by the upwelling of galactic fountains. The predicted wind mass-loss rate exceeds the star formation rate for V
H ≲ 200

and u
0 = 50

, a typical fountain velocity.
Dense Regions in Supersonic Isothermal Turbulence
Authors: Robertson Brant , Goldreich Peter
Published: February 2018

The properties of supersonic isothermal turbulence influence a variety of astrophysical phenomena, including the structure and evolution of star-forming clouds. This work presents a simple model for the structure of dense regions in turbulence in which the density distribution behind isothermal shocks originates from rough hydrostatic balance between the pressure gradient behind the shock and its deceleration from ram pressure applied by the background fluid. Using simulations of supersonic isothermal turbulence and idealized waves moving through a background medium, we show that the structural properties of dense, shocked regions broadly agree with our analytical model. Our work provides a new conceptual picture for describing the dense regions, which complements theoretical efforts to understand the bulk statistical properties of turbulence and attempts to model the more complex features of star-forming clouds like magnetic fields, self-gravity, or radiative properties.
Radio Monitoring of the Tidal Disruption Event Swift J164449.3+573451. III. Late-time Jet Energetics and a Deviation from Equipartition
Authors: Eftekhari T. , Berger E. , Zauderer B. A. , Margutti R. , Alexander K. D.
Published: February 2018

We present continued radio and X-ray observations of the relativistic tidal disruption event Swift J164449.3+573451 extending to δt ≈ 2000 days after discovery. The radio data were obtained with the Very Large Array (VLA) as part of a long-term program to monitor the energy and dynamical evolution of the jet and to characterize the parsec-scale environment around a previously dormant supermassive black hole. We combine these data with Chandra observations and demonstrate that the X-ray emission following the sharp decline at δt ≈ 500 days is likely due to the forward shock. We constrain the synchrotron cooling frequency and the microphysical properties of the outflow for the first time. We find that the cooling frequency evolves through the optical/NIR band at δt ≈ 10–200 days, corresponding to ϵ

B
 ≈ 10−3, well below equipartition; the X-ray data demonstrate that this deviation from equipartition holds to at least δt ≈ 2000 days. We thus recalculate the physical properties of the jet over the lifetime of the event, no longer assuming equipartition. We find a total kinetic energy of E

K
 ≈ 4 × 1051 erg and a transition to non-relativistic expansion on the timescale of our latest observations (700 days). The density profile is approximately R
−3/2 at ≲0.3 pc and ≳0.7 pc, with a plateau at intermediate scales, characteristic of Bondi accretion. Based on its evolution thus far, we predict that Sw 1644+57 will be detectable at centimeter wavelengths for decades to centuries with existing and upcoming radio facilities. Similar off-axis events should be detectable to z ∼ 2, but with a slow evolution that may inhibit their recognition as transient events.
Disk Accretion Driven by Spiral Shocks
Authors: Arzamasskiy Lev , Rafikov Roman R.
Published: February 2018

Spiral density waves are known to exist in many astrophysical disks, potentially affecting disk structure and evolution. We conduct a numerical study of the effects produced by a density wave, evolving into a shock, on the characteristics of the underlying disk. We measure the deposition of angular momentum in the disk by spiral shocks of different strengths and verify the analytical prediction of Rafikov for the behavior of this quantity, using shock amplitude (which is potentially observable) as the input variable. Good agreement between theory and numerics is found as we vary the shock amplitude (including highly nonlinear shocks), disk aspect ratio, equation of state, radial profiles of the background density and temperature, and pattern speed of the wave. We show that high numerical resolution is required to properly capture shock-driven transport, especially at small wave amplitudes. We also demonstrate that relating the local mass-accretion rate to shock dissipation in rapidly evolving disks requires accounting for the time-dependent contribution to the angular momentum budget caused by the time dependence of the radial pressure support. We provide a simple analytical prescription for the behavior of this contribution and demonstrate its excellent agreement with the simulation results. Using these findings, we formulate a theoretical framework for studying the one-dimensional (in radius) evolution of shock-mediated accretion disks, which can be applied to a variety of astrophysical systems.
Evaluation of Fast Glycaemia in Hypertonic Population that Suffer from Diabetes: The Importance of Self-Monitoring of Glycemic Level and the Effects of Interactions, with the Aim of Reducing the Levels of Fast Glycaemia in These Patients
Authors: Lashi Edlira , Lashi Fatos , Muca Klotilda , Ballta Bora , Kazazi Suzana
Published: February 2018

AIM: Identification of glycemic level tendency rates in a hypertonic population that suffers from diabetes mellitus in Health Centre Nr. 1, Tirana, evaluation of self-monitoring and the effects of interactions, with the aim of reducing the levels of fast glycaemia in these patients.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the study participated 810 patients of Health Centre Nr 1 in Tirana that suffer from hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2. The study was conducted through 10 months’ period. The patients that owned glucometer passed through the process of calibration of the devices, the others that had no glucometer had been given one. All the patients had been instructed how to use the device properly. Informative and educative materials regarding hypertension and diabetes were given to them. A standardised table was used to collect all the data. Changes in therapy were done regarding the glycemic levels.RESULTS: The most of the patient shown an important improvement in glycemic rates during ten months of study. From 810 patients, 617 of them shown an improvement of the glycemic level data (median = 24 mg/dl; IQR: 14 – 50 mg/dl), and the other 193 patients have shown no improvement (n = 11) or aggravation (n = 182). The data showed that the patients that had no improvement during the study have diabetes type one (40%), they that have shown improvement has diabetes type 2 (33%) The difference between 2 those groups were insignificant (p = 0.075). The data of glycemic levels shown a significant decreased of 19% of basal glycemic levels (128 ± 31 vs. 158 ± 55 mg/dl: p < 0.05) at the end of the study, and decreased of glycemic levels was visible especially after the first month of the study, in both groups male and females.CONCLUSION: A total of 205 therapy changes like adding a new or two drugs or an increase of doses of the drugs, are done in some 181 patients that have diabetes, with a frequency of 1.1 changes in therapy per patient.
Histopathological Pattern and Age Distribution, of Malignant Ovarian Tumor among Sudanese Ladies
Authors: Khieri Sumeya A. , Kunna Abdelillah , Babiker Ali Yousif , Alsuhaibani Sultan A. , Ahmed Rami Yousif , Alsammani Mohamed Alkhatim
Published: February 2018

INTRODUCTION: Ovarian cancer is the cause of a high case-fatality ratio, and most of the cases are diagnosed in late stages.OBJECTIVES: To determine the histopathological types, age distribution, and ovarian tumour stages among diagnosed with ovarian cancer at Al - Amal Tower a multi-referral polyclinic of Radiology & Isotope Center Khartoum (RICK), Sudan.METHODS: All histopathology reports patients' case from January to June 2015 were reviewed. The cancers classified according to federation international of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO).RESULTS: There were 127 cases of ovarian cancers. Surface epithelial cancers were the most common 77.7% ( n = 98), followed by sex cord-stromal cancers 11.23% (n = 14), Germ cell tumor 1.6% (n = 2). Metastatic cancers were seen from colon and breast in 6.3% and 3.9 % of cases respectively. Few cases (14%) of ovarian cancers were reported before 40 years of age, after the age of 50 is a sharp increase in the incidence of a tumour. The mean age at presentation was 52.36 ± 14.210 years, there is mean age of menarche 13.59 ± 2.706 years. Very few patients used HRT (1.6%) or had been on ovulation induction treatment (8.7%). Most of patients 39 (30.7%) presented in stage IIIC, and stage 1V 32 (25.2%) indicating a poor prognosis.CONCLUSION: The incidence of different types of ovarian cancers in the present study is similar to worldwide incidence. The surface epithelial tumour is the commonest ovarian cancer, of which serous adenocarcinoma is the commonest and most of our patients present in late stages.
Survey about the Extubation Practice among Anaesthesiologists in Kosovo
Authors: Baftiu Nehat , Krasniqi Islam , Haxhirexha Кastriot , Domi Rudin
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND: Tracheal extubations may be performed before or after awakening from anaesthesia. The advantage of extubation during anaesthesia may avoid all the unpleasant effects of fully awake extubation such as severe hypertension and tachycardia, malignant dysrhythmias, myocardial ischemia laryngospasm, and cough induced high intraocular and intracranial pressure.AIM: To show the current practice of performing extubations in Kosovo, as well as the advantage and disadvantage in performing this procedure in an awake patient or inpatient in light anaesthesia.MATERIAL: This study is conducted at the Regional Hospitals and the University Clinical Center of Kosovo during the year 2015. A questionnaire is given to the anesthesiologists to collect information about the techniques used for extubation, timing and management of extubation.RESULTS: Based on this survey results that 86% of an anesthesiologist (71) extubate the patients when they are completely awake, while 14% of them (12) prefer to extubate the patients under light anaesthesia. From all anesthesiologists involved in this study, forty of them reported problems during extubation. Complications were related to airway, and they are treated by oxygenation and jaw support, but in rare cases, reintubation were performed.CONCLUSION: Complications during extubation remain important risk factor while extubation during light anaesthesia can minimise some of them.
Classification of Radiological Changes in Burst Fractures
Authors: Şentürk Salim , Öğrenci Ahmet , Gürçay Ahmet Gürhan , Abdioğlu Ahmet Atilla , Yaman Onur , Özer Ali Fahir
Published: February 2018

AIM: Burst fractures can occur with different radiological images after high energy. We aimed to simplify radiological staging of burst fractures.METHODS: Eighty patients whom exposed spinal trauma and had burst fracture were evaluated concerning age, sex, fracture segment, neurological deficit, secondary organ injury and radiological changes that occurred.RESULTS: We performed a new classification in burst fractures at radiological images.CONCLUSIONS: According to this classification system, secondary organ injury and neurological deficit can be an indicator of energy exposure. If energy is high, the clinical status will be worse. Thus, we can get an idea about the likelihood of neurological deficit and secondary organ injuries. This classification has simplified the radiological staging of burst fractures and is a classification that gives a very accurate idea about the neurological condition.
Epidemiological Profile of Acute Viral Encephalitis in a Sample of Egyptian Children
Authors: Meligy Bassant , Kadry Dalia , Draz Iman H. , Marzouk Huda , El Baroudy Nevine R. , El Rifay Amira Sayed
Published: February 2018

INTRODUCTION: Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is a considerable public health problem.AIM: This study was designed to describe the aetiology, demographic features, clinical picture, short-term outcome and risk factors of mortality of children with viral encephalitis in Egyptian children.METHODS: PCR detection of viruses in the CSF of pediatric patients admitted to the pediatric unit or ICU Cairo University Pediatric hospital presenting with encephalitis syndrome.RESULTS: Of the 96 patients included in the study, viral etiological agents were detected in 20 cases (20.8%), while 76 patients (79.2%) had no definite viral aetiology. The most abundant virus detected was Enterovirus (EV) in fourteen (14.5%), two (2.1%) were positive for human herpes simplex virus 6 (HSV-6), one (1.0%), human herpes simplex virus1 (HSV-1), one (1.0%) Epstein Barr virus (EBV), one (1.0%), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and one (1.0%) with varicella-zoster virus (VZV). On the short term outcome, 22 (22.9) patients died, and 74 (77.1%) survived. Severity outcome among survival was vegetative in three cases (4%) severe in 9 (12.16%), moderate in 14 (18.9%), mild in 29 (39.2%) and full recovery in 19 (25.6%). Mortality risk factors for younger age, the presence of apnea, the need for mechanical ventilation and the presence of abnormal CT findings were all significantly associated with fatal outcome (p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Enterovirus was the most common cause of encephalitis among Egyptian children. Mortality was correlated with younger age and disease severity at admission. Sequelae were high among infected children.
Clinical Correlates, Outcomes, and Predictors of Inflammatory Ocular Disease Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Biologic Era
Authors: Caimmi Cristian , Crowson Cynthia S. , Smith Wendy M. , Matteson Eric L. , Makol Ashima
Published: February 2018

Objective.

Inflammatory ocular disease (IOD) is a rare but severe extraarticular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (ExRA) with high mortality. The aim of our study was to examine clinical characteristics of IOD in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their effect on disease severity and outcomes in recent years.

Methods.

A retrospective cohort of RA patients with IOD evaluated between 1996 and 2013 was assembled and compared to RA comparators without IOD and matched for age, sex, and disease duration.

Results.

We identified 92 patients (69% female; mean age 62 yrs) with IOD: 33 scleritis, 23 episcleritis, 21 peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK), 14 uveitis, and 1 with orbital inflammation. The majority of patients with scleritis, episcleritis, and PUK was seropositive versus uveitis (> 80% vs 62%, p = 0.048). PUK and scleritis were more symptomatic compared to episcleritis and uveitis, and often required systemic therapy. Time to resolution was longer in scleritis than episcleritis (p = 0.01). PUK, scleritis, and uveitis had severe ocular sequelae. Prevalence of severe ExRA (18% vs 4%, p = 0.004) and dry eye syndrome (42% vs 26%, p = 0.024) was higher among patients with IOD than comparators. The incidence of new ExRA over 5-year followup was also higher among cases (29% vs 11%, p = 0.022). Ten-year survival was similar among RA patients with and without IOD (66% vs 64%, p = 0.56), with no differences noted among IOD subtypes.

Conclusion.

This large single-center study highlights the variable presentation and outcomes of IOD in RA. Although ocular complications are associated with significant morbidity, it is reassuring that survival among those with IOD is now similar to those without ocular disease.
Service Models for Urgent and Emergency Psychiatric Care: An Overview
Authors: Coates Dominiek
Published: February 2018

There is variation in the way mental health services respond to urgent and emergency presentations, with few evidence-based models reported in the literature, and no agreed on best practice models. To inform the development of urgent and emergency psychiatric care models, a literature review was performed. The review sought to identify strengths and critiques of varying models, evidence gaps, and areas for future research. After review, significant variation was found in the design and scope of urgent and emergency care models. Most models are either community or hospital based, with few integrated models that span community and hospital care. The development of integrated models has the potential to reduce service duplication and support a shift toward provision of least restrictive care. The overall evidence base of urgent and emergency care models is limited, with few studies in the area, and there is a need for further research. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 56
(8), 23–30.]