bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Polyphenylsilsesquioxane With Various β-diketonate Complexes of Titanium By Mechanochemical Activation
Authors: Libanov Vitaliy V. , Libanov Vitaliy , Kapustina Alevtina A , Shapkin Nikolay P , Tarabanova Anna , Ryumina Anna , Karabtsov Alexandr A , Kuryavyi Valeriy
Published: February 2022

In the present work, we studied the interaction of polyphenylsilsesquioxane with various β-diketonate complexes of titanium by mechanochemical activation. Polyphenylsilsesquioxane, bis-(2,4-pentanedionate) titanium dichloride, bis-(1-phenyl-1,3-butanedionate) titanium dichloride and bis-(1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedionate) titanium dichloride were used as starting reagents. Synthesis products were studied by various chemical and physicochemical methods of analysis. The composition of the obtained compounds has been determined. It is shown that under conditions of mechanochemical activation, high molecular weight products with a Si/Ti ratio different from the specified ones are formed. In addition, under the action of mechanical stresses, the initial titanium complexes (with the exception of acetylacetonate) polymerize with the formation of coordination high-molecular compounds, which are destroyed by the addition of ethyl alcohol. The work is fundamental and contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of mechanochemical synthesis. The work is aimed at finding effective and environmentally friendly methods for the synthesis and modification of elementorganic high-molecular compounds.
Diagnostical Accuracy of Hyperspectral Imaging After Free Flap Surgery
Authors: Schulz Torsten , Nuwayhid Rima , Houschyar Khosrow Siamak , Langer Stefan , Kohler Lukas
Published: February 2022

Background: Microsurgical free-tissue transfer has been a safe option for tissue reconstruction in the last decades. Reliable perfusion assessments must be performed to increase the safety of the procedure and facilitate decision-making regarding postoperative reinterventions. Therefore, the present study analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) after free-tissue transfer surgery.Methods: From January 2017 to October 2019, 42 consecutive free-flap surgeries were performed, and their outcomes were analyzed via HSI. Clinical examination of free-flap perfusion was initially performed. The clinical examination findings were subsequently compared with those of HSI. Next, decision-making and postoperative complications rates were analyzed. Potential venous congestion with subsequent necrosis was defined as a tissue hemoglobin index of ≥53%. To compare two sets of data a student’s t-test was used. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting flap failure were evaluated based on the dependence of time using the Fisher’s exact test. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The success rate of microsurgical tissue transfer was 83.2%. Seven patients presented with venous congestion, causing total flap necrosis. All flaps required additional surgery, debridement, and tissue reconstruction. 124 assessments were made. HSI accurately identified 11 out of 13 pathological images. Three images were identified as false positive and two images as false negative. The sensitivity and specificity of HSI were 84% and 97%, with the positive and negative predictive values of 78% and 98%, respectively.Conclusions: A tissue hemoglobin index of ≥53% could predict a venous congestion after free-flap surgery within the first 72 h post operation. HSI could reasonably correlate with clinical observation. Until now, HSI does not show any superiority over any other monitoring modality.
An Innovative Method for Constraints Handling of Structural Optimization Problems Fuzzy-based Ideal Feasible Design Technique
Authors: Talatahari siamak , Azar B. Farahmand , Sadrekarimi N.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, a specified constraint-handling technique for structures is proposed and developed. This new technique is based on fuzzy-logic and some mechanical properties of structures. Compared to commonly used penalty techniques, it does not require pre-tuning in parameters and it shows more stable results and requires considerable fewer iterations to converge without reducing the solution quality. Therefore, the new technique is more user friendly. Also, successful convergence to feasible solutions removes the necessity of using final local search approaches which required the designer to execute some manual try-and-errors to achieve a feasible acceptable design for reporting. Robustness of the proposed fitness function, called Fuzzy Ideal-Feasible-Design (FIFD) technique, is verified on three large scale steel frames using different meta-heuristic methods. Brilliant results show that FIFD is a revolution in handling design criteria that might be a significant step in commercializing optimum design among the practical users in construction markets.
Form and Function in Chinese Bound Foot
Authors: Mei Qichang , gu yaodong , Kim Julie , Xiang Liangliang , Shim Vickie , Fernandez Justin
Published: February 2022

Foot adaptation in the typically developed foot is well explored. In this study, we explore the form and function in an atypical foot, the Chinese Bound foot. We evaluate the foot shape and posture, gait plantar loading and bone density adaptation. The atypical foot with binding practice led to increased foot arch and vertically oriented calcaneus. This causes the tibia, which typically acts as a load transfer beam and shock absorber to extend its function all the way through the talus to the calcaneus. This is evident in the bound foot by (i) reduced Center of pressure movement in the medial-lateral direction, suggesting reduced supination-pronation; (ii) increased density and stress in the talus-calcaneus articulation; and (iii) increased bone growth in the bound foot at articulation joints in the tibia, talus, and calcaneus. Knowledge may provide insights into the understanding of bone resorption and adaptation in response to different loading profiles.
Listening to families with a person with neurodegenerative disease talk about their quality of life: integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches
Authors: Aza Alba , Gómez-Vela María , Badia Marta , Orgaz M. Begoña , González-Ortega Eva , Vicario-Molina Isabel , Montes Estrella
Published: February 2022

Background: The diagnosis of a neurodegenerative disease (ND) produces profound changes in the quality of life of the affected families. Despite the vital importance of these processes, the scientific literature has addressed this topic almost exclusively relating to the main caregiver or using limited approaches. Thus, the main objective of this research is to achieve a deeper understanding of the quality of family life of people with a neurodegenerative disease, following a mixed-method approach that combines quantitative and qualitative methodology. Methods: The quantitative instrument was the Spanish version of the Family Quality of Life Survey – Neurodegenerative Disease (FQOLS-ND), which was completed by 300 participating families. The qualitative methodology was used in two focus groups with family caregivers, with a total of 21 participants. Results: On the one hand, confirmation of the dimensional structure of the scale in the focus groups was obtained and, on the other hand, the results of family quality of life in attainment and satisfaction were shown to be high for Family Relations and Careers and Planning for Careers and low for Support from Services and Leisure and Recreation. Conclusions: The results of this study, through the combination of quantitative and qualitative information, helps to identify key issues to optimize services that respond to the priority needs of families.
Perceived Experiences of Patients With Breast Cancer: a Qualitative Study of the Influence of Spirituality and Health Beliefs Among Preoperative Breast Cancer Patients in Ghana
Authors: Acquaye Victoria Akuorkor , Dai-Kosi Alfred Dickson , Pereko Kingsley Kwadwo Asare , Ackom Christian
Published: February 2022

Background: Cancer is a major threat to public health globally and in Ghana. Breast cancer is a serious health problem among women which affects the daily functioning of the individual and their psychological health. Aim: The study examined the influence of spirituality and health beliefs on anxiety and depression among preoperative breast cancer patients in Ghana. Methodology: This is a qualitative study involving 54 preoperative breast cancer patients selected from 3 referral hospitals in Accra namely: 37 Military hospital, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, and the Sweden Ghana Medical Centre all in Ghana. The study collected data via one-on-one in-depth interviews (IDI) and Focus group discussion (FGD). Result: Thematic analysis was done and the results revealed spirituality and health beliefs influenced patients’ perception and health-seeking, while spirituality in particular helped patients cope with the disease. Participants felt that breast cancer treatment which is mainly through surgery increased their anxiety levels. Discussion: This study generates knowledge about the relations between spirituality, health beliefs and psychological wellbeing among breast cancer patients in Ghana. The study implies that spirituality and health beliefs of the cancer experience have implications for psychological wellbeing.
An evolutionary game analysis of enterprise carbon emission regulation based on prospect theory
Authors: Sun Hao , Gao Guangkuo , Li Zonghuo
Published: February 2022

Aiming at the problem that the government regulates the carbon emission of enterprises, this paper introduces the prospect theory to correct the revenue function of government and enterprise, considering the risk of air quality deterioration, built an evolutionary game model of government and enterprise based on prospect theory. According to the weight of the two sides on the probability of air quality deterioration under the equilibrium state, the risk of air quality deterioration is divided into three levels: low, medium and high. Analyzed the evolution strategy of government and enterprise under different levels. The results show that when the risk of air quality deterioration is low, the government tends to negative regulation and enterprises adopt traditional production. When the risk of air quality deterioration is high, government tend to be positive in regulation and enterprises are inclined to low-carbon production at the beginning. However, with the implementation of enterprises low-carbon production, government departments will turn to negative regulation. At the same time, there will be incentive paradox phenomenon in the process of government regulation of carbon emissions.In the long run, it is more effective to strengthen the punishment of government departments' ineffective supervision than to punish enterprises.
Integrated effects of water stress and plastic film mulch on yield and water use efficiency of grain maize crop under conventional and alternate furrow irrigation method
Authors: Soothar Rajesh Kumar , Khan Waseem Asghar , Rahu Aftab Ahmed , Wang Yaosheng , Mirjat Muhammad Uris , Soomro Shoukat Ali , Chandio Farman Ali , Mangrio Munir Ahmed , Mohammed Mogtaba , Alhussain Ziyad Ali , Osman Siddiga , Farooq Fozia Bashir
Published: February 2022

The field trial was carried out at the Malir farm, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam to evaluate the irrigation water practices on the performance of grain maize yield. In field experiment involved two types of furrow irrigation methods (conventional and alternate furrow irrigation), two water stress level (sufficiently and severely water stress levels) and mulch practice (without mulch and plastic film mulch). Total eight treatments were laid out in a complete randomized block design along with three replications. The conventional and alternate furrow irrigation method was assigned to the main plot while the water stress and plastic film mulching were in the sub-plots. The results showed that the plant height, leaves, stem girth, cob length, 1000-grain weight, dry biomass and crop harvest index were significantly affected by irrigation methods. Significant highest plant growth and grain yield of maize crop were observed with the conventional furrow irrigation method than with the alternate furrow irrigation method. However, the crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) was increased significantly by the plastic film mulching. The results revealed that the sufficient water stress was effective in sustaining crop yield and WUE than crop irrigating at the several water stresses. The interaction effect of furrow irrigation and water stress, and furrow irrigation and plastic film mulch had significant on WUE of the grain maize. The WUE of maize crop was significantly higher under the alternate furrow irrigation method as compared to conventional furrow irrigation method if it was mulched with plastic film and irrigated at sufficiency water stress level.
Perfil Epidemiológico dos Casos de Violência Infantil em Escolas Municipais de Ensino Básico
Authors: Garbin Cléa Adas Saliba , Saliba Tânia Adas , Belila Naiana de Melo , Butarelo Ana Victória , Poli Maria Clara Faria , Garbin Artênio José Ísper
Published: February 2022

Introdução: A violência infantil é praticada das mais diversas formas, entre elas a física, a psicológica, a sexual e as situações de negligência. Os sinais e sintomas das vítimas podem ser vistos também em ambientes extrafamiliares, como por exemplo, na escola, uma vez que o contato com criança é maior do que em qualquer outro serviço. Objetivo: Identificar casos suspeitos e/ou confirmados de violência contra crianças em escolas municipais de Ensino Básico em um município de médio porte do Estado de São Paulo. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de caráter transversal e abordagem quantitativa realizado em 5 escolas no período de agosto de 2018 a abril de 2019. A identificação dos casos suspeitos e/ou confirmados de violência contra crianças foi efetuada por meio de um inquérito, respondido pelos professores das instituições. Resultados: Identificaram-se 90 casos de agressão, onde 57,8% ocorrem em crianças do sexo masculino, com idade de 5 anos (27,8%). A maioria dos agressores foram os pais (72%), onde 74% foram casos de negligência, sendo o piolho (42,2%) e a cárie dentária (34,5%) como as principais causas. Do total de casos, 46,7% foram reincidentes. Conclusão: Conclui-se que muitas crianças vêm sofrendo com algum tipo de agressão doméstica e que os sinais e sintomas das vítimas podem ser observados também em ambientes extrafamiliares, como por exemplo, a escola.
Prevalência de Cárie Dentária aos 12 Anos: A Importância da Fluoretação e da Tradição em Levantamentos
Authors: Moimaz Suzely Adas Saliba , Santos Luis Felipe Pupim dos , Saliba Tânia Adas , Saliba Nemre Adas , Saliba Orlando
Published: February 2022

Levantamentos epidemiológicos na área odontológica são fundamentais para se conhecer a extensão e os fatores associados de uma doença. O objetivo neste estudo foi analisar a prevalência de cárie em escolares de 12 anos da cidade de Araçatuba, comparando-se o estado de saúde bucal dos estudantes agrupados em “escolas centrais” e “escolas periféricas”; e comparar a condição atual com os resultados de estudos anteriores. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo, e transversal, em que foram utilizados os índices ceo-d e CPOD. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada estatística descritiva, e os testes estatísticos de Shapiro-Wilk e Mann-Whitney, considerando α = 5%. Foi realizado o levantamento dos estudos anteriores de levantamento epidemiológico de cárie dentária aos 12 anos no município. O CPOD médio dos 454 estudantes examinados foi de 1,08 (±1,47), sendo verificados os valores mínimo de 0 e máximo de 9, sendo que 237 (52,20%) eram livres de cárie. O Significant Caries Index foi de 2,74. Nos grupos “Escolas periféricas” e “Escolas centrais”, os valores médios do índice foram, respectivamente, 1,25 (±1,59) e 0,96 (±1,38), sendo constatadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos (p=0,0424). O CPOD médio dos jovens de 12 anos foi considerado muito baixo. Os resultados deste estudo mostram evidente melhora da condição de saúde bucal em comparação com os estudos anteriores, demonstrando que os métodos preventivos têm sido eficazes, entretanto ainda há necessidade de programas de educação sanitária e promoção de saúde, sobretudo nos grupos populacionais mais afetados.
Does Consumption of Coloring Substances during Tooth Whitening Treatment Influence the Final Outcome? A Systematic Review
Authors: Soares Marilia de Lima , Carvalho Marianne de Vasconcelos , Lemos Cleidiel Aparecido Araújo , Souto Maior Juliana Raposo , Moraes Sandra Lúcia Dantas de , Vasconcelos Belmiro Cavalcanti do Egito , Rosa Cleber Davi Del Rei Daltro , Pellizzer Eduardo Piza
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this systematic review recorded in PROSPERO (CRD4201913125) was to test the hypothesis that dye substances during and / or immediately after treatment can affect the effectiveness of tooth whitening. Two independent reviewers performed a search was conducted in the PubMed / MEDLINE, Web of Science databases and Cochrane Library. Articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria: in vitro studies with direct comparisons between groups undergoing treatment with or without dying substances consumption during or immediately after bleaching treatment; reflectance spectrophotometry was used as evaluation method; studies in which any type of dye was used, studies in which treatment was performed on human and / or bovine teeth. Of the 8 studies selected, including 347 samples analyzed in vitro. The coffee does not appear to influence tooth whitening when consumed during tooth whitening sessions or immediately after treatment (up to 24 hours after treatment). However low-alcoholic beverages such as red wine and cola drinks may have the potential to change pigmentation and influence the change in tooth color.
Effect of Photoinitiator Type and Photoactivation Condition on the Physical-Mechanical Properties of Orthodontic Resins
Authors: Roseira Priscila Maito , Gomes Camila de Siqueira , Topolski Francielle , Gonzaga Carla Castiglia , Moro Alexandre , Alonso Roberta Caroline Bruschi , Nolasco Gisele Maria Correr
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical-mechanical properties of experimental orthodontic resins, containing different photoinitiators systems and photoactivated through a ceramic bracket, using a high irradiance and wide spectrum light emitting diode curing unit. Methods: Experimental resin composites (50:50 BisGMA/TEGDMA: 60% feldspar silanized particles) were formulated with different photoinitiators according to the following groups: phenylpropaneamine + amine DMAEMA (PPD), camphorquinone + amine DMAEMA (CQ) or bisacylphosphinic oxide (BAPO). A commercial orthodontic resin composite (Transbond XT) was used as control. The materials were then distributed into two groups, according to the photoactivation condition: directly or through a ceramic bracket, for 20s at 1200 mW/cm2. In the sequence, fifteen composite disks, 5mm of diameter and 1mm of thickness, were made for each of the eight groups. The degree of conversion (DC) was determined by means of Raman spectroscopy. Knoop hardness (KHN) was measured immediately after confection and after 24 hours of storage in 100% ethanol for indirect crosslink density (CLD) evaluation. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results: The DC of the BAPO composite was significantly higher in comparison to the other materials, regardless of the photoactivation condition. The KHN was significantly different between the composite groups in the following sequence: BAPO> Transbond XT> CQ> PPD. The direct photoactivation presented higher KHN values, regardless the type of material. Regarding the CLD, there was statistical difference only for the material factor, as follow: PPD> BAPO = CQ = Transbond XT. Conclusion: The photoinitiator type and the photoactivation condition had a significant influence on the physical-mechanical properties of the evaluated materials.
Epidote as a conveyor of water into the Earth’s deep mantle in subduction zones: Insights from coupled high-pressure and high-temperature experiments
Authors: Li Lin , Li Chao , Li Sheng-Rong
Published: February 2022

Epidote is a major hydrous mineral in subducted mafic oceanic crust. Understanding its stability in the subduction zone environment is important for evaluating its role as a conveyor of water into the deep Earth. Here we report experimental results on epidote by simulating the high-pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions of the plate subduction environment. We used a diamond-anvil cell with an external resistance heating system, combined with in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Experiments at ambient pressure and high temperatures indicate that epidote starts to decompose at 1223 K and breaks down completely at 1373 K. In situ XRD analyses show no phase transition at temperatures up to 1272 K and pressures up to 14.0 GPa. Raman spectra indicate that epidote is stable at 1272 K and 14.0 GPa, but the energies of two Si-O bonds (ν2,ν5) and one M-O bond (ν3) increase with increasing temperature. The cation H+ moves for a distance when the P-T is increased to 13.0 GPa and 1123 K. Based on the thermal structure of subducted slabs in typical hot and cold subduction zones, we infer that epidote can convey water downward into the mantle transition zone through subducted mafic oceanic crust.
Linking resonant leadership, psychological ownership, and organizational commitment: The mediating role of employee empowerment
Authors: Judeh Mahfuz , Al-Ghasawneh Jassim , Al-Zu’bi Hasan , Hafaz Ngah Abdul
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the current study is to identify the antecedents of psychological ownership and organizational commitment since these constructs could influence different behavioral outcomes at the workplace, such as task performance, creativity, and organizational citizenship behavior. Through practicing resonant leadership, highly empowered employees are expected to have a deeper feeling of psychological ownership and more sense of commitment to an organization. In this study, the direct relationships of resonant leadership on psychological ownership and organizational commitment via employee empowerment were investigated. Data were collected from 232 employees working at healthcare corporations listed on the Amman Stock Exchange in Jordan. Structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the data. Results proposed that psychological ownership and organizational commitment were related to resonant leadership. Moreover, employee empowerment played a significant role, as a mediator between resonant leadership and psychological ownership and between resonant leadership and organizational commitment. Therefore, employees working with resonant leaders and having effective empowerment are expected to get higher levels of psychological ownership and tend to be highly committed to their organizations.
Bio-Porter Sebagai Spesimen Container Transport Alternatif Berbasis Thermoelectric Cooler System
Authors: Jiwantoro Yudha Anggit , Sulaimah Rabi’unnisa , Taufikurrahman Arief , Salsabila Wa’dah , Toyyibah Zurriatun , Diarti Maruni Wiwin
Published: February 2022

Keakuratan hasil laboratorium dipengaruhi oleh stabilitas spesimen selama proses pengiriman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat inovasi berupa spesimen container transport berbasis thermoelectric cooler system yang diberi nama Bio-Porter dalam mempertahankan stabilitas spesimen klinis. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Pra Experimental dengan rancangan penelitian berupa One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Sampel pada penelitian adalah spesimen darah yang diambil dengan  teknik accidental sampling pada mahasiswa berjumlah 5 orang yang diberi perlakuan yakni penyimpanan spesimen darah dalam Bio-Porter pada suhu 6℃ selama 12 jam dan 24 jam lalu diukur kadar kolesterol total dan glukosa darah. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Oneway Anova diperoleh nilai sig. sebesar 0,857 yang  berarti tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna  terhadap stabilitas spesimen pada spesimen darah sebelum dan setelah disimpan dalam Bio-Porter suhu 6℃ selama 12 jam dan 24 jam. Sehingga Bio-Porter sebagai specimen container transport berbasis thermoelectric cooler system dapat mempertahankan stabilitas spesimen.
Teknologi Augmented Reality (Ar) Sebagai Solusi Media Pembelajaran Sains Di Masa Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru
Authors: Juwita Juwita , Saputri Elania Zoela , Kusmawati Ira
Published: February 2022

Media pembelajaran dengan teknologi Augmented Reality (AR) dapat memberikan kesempatan kepada peserta didik secara langsung untuk belajar dimanapun dan kapanpun. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui metode penelitian studi literatur dengan mencari referensi berupa artikel yang relevan dari jurnal dan sumber pustaka lainnya. Data yang diperoleh adalah data sekunder yang selanjutnya dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif. Teknologi Augmented Reality (AR) merupakan sebuah teknologi yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media pembelajaran dengan cara menggabungkan objek visual dua maupun tiga dimensi. Teknologi AR dapat dihadirkan ke dalam dunia nyata dan dimunculkan secara real time. Teknologi tersebut dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran Biologi berbasis praktikum dan pembelajaran Fisika dalam materi tata surya. Penggunaan teknologi Augmented Reality (AR) sebagai media pembelajaran sains telah terbukti dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Agar pemanfaatan teknologi Augmented Reality (AR) sebagai media pembelajaran lebih efektif maka diperlukan- upaya pengembangan teknologi Augmented Reality (AR) pada materi pelajaran yang membutuhkan visualisasi objek misalnya pada materi Sistem Pernapasan dan Sistem Peredaran Darah.
Analisis Hasil Penelitian Biologi Sebagai Sumber Belajar Materi Jaringan Pada Tumbuhan
Authors: Puspitasari Dyah Ayu , Salamah Zuchrotus
Published: February 2022

Peserta didik dalam pembelajaran biologi lebih banyak menggunakan sumber belajar yang dikemas dalam bentuk buku teks. Penggunaan buku teks materi jaringan tumbuhan perlu didampingi oleh sumber belajar tambahan. Tujuan penelitian untuk menentukan potensi hasil penelitian biologi sebagai sumber belajar yang dikemas dalam bentuk handout. Jenis penelitian adalah kualitatif deskriptif yaitu dengan menginterpretasikan struktur anatomi yang diamati dan selanjutnya hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif sesuai syarat hasil penelitian dijadikan sumber belajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukan hasil penelitian biologi berpotensi sebagai sumber belajar materi jaringan pada tumbuhan yang dikemas dalam bentuk bahan ajar berupa handout.
Chromatography Profiles of Terpenoid Compounds in The Extract of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Herb from Various Solvents
Authors: Salim Mohammad Fajar Hadi , Nugraha I Made Arie Dharma Putra , Adilla Farah , Yanti Luh Pratiwi Diva
Published: February 2022

Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) is widely used as a medicinal plant for Indonesians. The content of extracted bioactive compounds is affected by the polarity of the extraction solvent. This study aims to determine the effect of extraction solvent on the chromatographic profile of Sambiloto herb, especially terpenoid group using the TLC-Spectrophotodensitometry method. Sambiloto herb was extracted by sonication method using methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform as the solvents. Chromatographic profiles were identified by stationary phase of TLC silica gel GF254 plate and a mobile phase of chloroform:methanol (10:1 v/v), observed visually, and scanned at 210 nm. The plate was sprayed with anisadehyd-sulfuric acid reagent and observed visually. The compounds that belong to terpenoid compounds, namely S2, S5, S8, S11, and S12, had a greater percentage of peak area than the total area so that they were categorized as major components. The extraction solvent for Sambiloto herb that provides the best chromatographic profiles was found in the solvent of methanol extraction.
Synthesis of SnO2 Using Hydrothermal Method and Its Application as Catalyst in Esterification of Oleic Acid
Authors: Setiadji Soni , Ulfah Ridha , Wahyuni Ira Ryski
Published: February 2022

Biodiesel is currently getting great attention because it can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 78.5% compared to petroleum-based diesel. The reaction that can produce biodiesel is the esterification reaction with the addition of a heterogeneous catalyst, one of which is SnO2 which can be used as Lewis acid for the esterification reaction. In our study, SnO2 has been successfully synthesized and then succeeded in reducing the level of oleic acid FFA (Free Fatty Acid) through an esterification reaction. SnO2 was synthesized from SnCl2.2H2O using the hydrothermal method with the addition of CTAB (Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide) as a capping agent which was then analyzed using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The catalytic activity of the SnO2 sample was carried out through the esterification reaction of oleic acid in ethanol at 65 °C for 6 hours with variations in catalyst weight and variations in the ethanol mole ratio. From XRD analysis, SnO2 sample consists of cassiterite minerals and has typical peaks at 2θ = 26.56°; 33.84°; 37.92°; 38.90°; 42.53°; 51.64°; 54.66°; 57.76°; 61.68°; 62.34°; 64.60°; and 65.88° with the highest intensity at 2θ = 33.84°. During condition optimization of esterification reaction of oleic acid, variations in the weight of SnO2 catalyst resulting from the optimum FFA level could be reduced by 75.05%, whereas to variations in the mole ratio of ethanol, the optimum FFA level could be reduced by 85.53%. In our study, SnO2 has been successfully synthesized and then succeeded in reducing the level of oleic acid FFA through esterification reaction until 85.53%.
Validation of Pesticides Multi-Residual Testing Method on Nutmeg by Using UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Fitriadi Bayu Refindra
Published: February 2022

The use of pesticides in nutmeg still leaves an accumulation of pesticide residues that can endanger human health and damage the ecological balance. In addition, nutmeg with high pesticide residue content will be rejected by nutmeg export destination countries. This research was conducted to validate the method of testing pesticide residues of carbaryl, carbofuran, acetate, and dimethoate on nutmeg. This pesticide residue test uses the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) optimization method and is analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry). This method meets the validation requirements according to SANTE/12682/2019. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the analyte is below the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) set by the European Union through Regulation (EC) No. 396/2005.
Effect of Ag addition into the Activity of Titanium Silicate-1 Catalyst in Cyclohexanone Reaction
Authors: Fitasari Dyah , Prasetyoko Didik , Suprapto Suprapto
Published: February 2022

Titanium Silicate-1 (TS-1) has been successfully modified by combining Silver (Ag) metals. In this study, the preparation of Ag/TS-1 was carried out by impregnation method using a solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3) as a precursor to TS-1 with a loading variation of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4%. Impregnation carried out on TS-1 aims to disperse Ag (1) only attached to the surface of TS-1 particles (before calcination/TK) and (2) on the entire surface of TS-1 particles (after calcination/K). The synthesized catalyst was then characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and pyridine adsorption techniques. The XRD pattern shows that all the catalysts have high crystallinity with MFI structure, and there is no other crystalline phase. The infrared spectra showed that the titanium tetrahedral in TS-1 remained after Ag impregnation. The TS-1 and Ag/TS-1 catalysts were analyzed for their surface acidity using pyridine adsorption on the sample. The pyridine adsorption technique showed the presence of Lewis sites on Ag/TS-1. In this study, the presence of Ag loading on the Ag/TS-1 catalyst affected the TS-1 catalytic activity. The amount of cyclohexanone oxime product produced in XAg/TS-1 was more than in Ag/TS-1.
Integrated agricultural water pricing reform (IAWPR) in China: a state-of-the-art review with focus on strategic significance, policy design, reform process and case reform effect
Authors: Yang Xing , Hou Miao , Wang Jun , Zhang Xinyuan , Weng Songgan
Published: February 2022

The integrated agricultural water pricing reform (IAWPR) is by far the most systematic, complex and longest reform in the agricultural sector of China. It has lasted for decades from the stage of reform exploration to the current reform development. IAWPR can effectively address resourced price distortion and promote rational allocation of agricultural water resources. By improving China's agricultural water pricing mechanism, government agricultural subsidy mechanism, water-saving incentive mechanism, operation and management (O&M) mechanism of irrigation systems and water quota mechanism, the reform will promote water conservation in agriculture and ensure the effective operation of irrigation systems. It is a major strategic decision made by the Chinese government to address the water security challenges facing sustainable development. This paper reviews the course of the reform, introduces the policy design, key tasks and implementation of the reform, and takes Jiangsu Province as an example to demonstrate the effect of the reform, but also discusses the problems existing in the reform.
An analysis of the relationship between water-energy-food system and economic growth in China based on ecological footprint measurement
Authors: Xu Lian-yan , Huang De-chun , He Zheng-qi , Zhu Yun
Published: February 2022

With the acceleration of urbanization, the demand for water, energy and food (WEF) keeps increasing. However, the infrastructure construction leads to a sharp decline of cultivated land, water area and forest land, so the importance of ecological space management should be recognized. Based on ecological footprint theory, this paper proposes the WEF footprint and first attempts to explicitly examine the relationship between economic growth and WEF footprint by investigating the existence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). GLS regression and the LOWESS model are used to explore the economic growth and WEF footprint nexus in the eight economic zones and the three regions of China. The results indicate that besides the traditional EKC shapes, an M-shape exists, and the proportion of the M-shape curve (12.5%) is lower than the traditional EKC (87.5%). The results showed that the LOWESS model may be more conducive to reflect the real relationship between economic growth and WEF footprint. According to the analysis, the policy suggestions are put forward to promote the sustainable development of the water-energy-food system. In addition, the study can provide some ideas for solving the contradiction of land use.
Genetic and epigenetic diversity of protein molecules related to SARS-CoV-2 entry: where we are and where we should go Running title: Genetic and epigenetic diversity of protein molecules related to SARS-CoV-2 entry
Authors: Zhu Shiheng , Chen Fei , Li Xiaoyun , Zhang Yankun , Wang Xinqing , Luan Chun
Published: February 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has swept the whole world and brought about public health crisis of unprecedented proportions. In the process of SARS-CoV-2 entry, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 plays a key role. In addition, other protein molecules such as transmembrane protease/serine 2, FURIN, Cathepsin L, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 will also affect the interaction between virus and host cells. Since the variations in the virus and human populations could determine transmissibility of the virus and influence an individual’s susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease outcome, research on the variations of above protein molecules and their role in COVID-19 is in full swing. In this review, we systematically reviewed viral and host genetic variations related to SARS-CoV-2 entry, as well as the relationship between the diversity of these variations and COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to provide better insights into the transmission and pathogenesis of COVID-19 from the perspective of genetic variants and epigenetic factors, so as to prevent, control, and treat COVID-19, especially among high-risk populations with genetic risk variants.
Stem Cell-based and Advanced Therapeutic Modalities for Parkinson’s
Disease: A Risk-effectiveness Patient-centered Analysis
Authors: Hossein-Khannazer Nikoo , Vosough Massoud , Salahi Sarvenaz , Mousavi Maryam Alsadat , Azizi Gholamreza
Published: February 2022

Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, is currently considered a challenging issue since it causes substantial disability, poor quality of life, and mortality. Despite remarkable progress in advanced conventional therapeutic interventions,the global burden of the disease has nearly doubled, prompting us to assess the risk-effectiveness of different treatment modalities. Each protocol could be considered as the best alternative treatment depending on the patient’s situation. Prescription of Levodopa, the most effective available medicine for this disorder, has been associated with many complications, i.e., multiple episodes of "off-time", and treatment resistance. Other medications, which are typically used in combination with levodopa, may have several adverse effects as well. As a result, the therapies that are more in line with human physiology and make the least interference with other pathways are worth investigating. On the other hand, remaining and persistent symptoms after therapy and the lack of effective response to the conventional approaches have raised expectations towards innovative alternative approaches such as stem cell-based therapy. It is critical not to overlook the unexplored side effects of innovative approaches due to the limited number of research. In this review, we aimed to compare the efficacy and risk of advanced therapies with innovative cell-based and stem-cell-based modalities in PD patients. This paper recapitulated the underlying factors/conditions, which could lead us to more practical and established therapeutic outcomes with more advantages and few complications. It could be an initial step to reconsider the therapeutic blueprint for patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Physico-chemical Characterization of Edible Gums Obtained from Anogeissus
Latifolia And Abelmoschus Esculentus: Promising Food Additive
for Novel Drug Delivery
Authors: Tiwari Ritesh Kumar , Singh Lalit , Rastogi Vaibhav
Published: February 2022

Background:

This paper defines the fluid-dried gum extracted from the fresh fruit of the
Okra Gum (Abelmoschus Esculentus) and refined Gum Ghatti (Anogeissus Latifolia) vine to advance
practices of characterization.

Introduction:

It outlines a systematic study of the physicochemical properties of gums in response
to a European Union request for a thorough review of the quality of gums as food additives.

Method:

Ash percent, acid insoluble ash percent, cold-water-soluble percent, pH, acidity (as HCl)
percent by mass, viscosity, elemental and heavy metals analysis, and FT-IR are the parameters tested
following traditional procedures and current analytical instruments. This study aimed to determine
the key functional characteristics of commercially important natural gums. These included
flow, solubility, angle of repose, and bulk and true density.

Result:

The angle of repose of okra gum was found to be very high (45.66 °), which means that
Okra Gum has more adhesive properties than 38.13 ° Gum Ghatti. Okra powder was shown to be
sparingly soluble in water and insoluble in acetone, ethanol, and chloroform. Gum Ghatti was
found to be water-soluble but practically insoluble in ethanol, acetone, and chloroform. The compressibility
index and repose angle of Okra gum are 32.96 percent and 38.13, respectively

Conclusion:

The results of this study established the basic characteristics of gums and demonstrated
their potential applications in the fields of novel drug delivery, cosmetics, and other pharmaceutical
industries.
Factors affecting poverty rates in West Java Province for the 2017-2020 period
Authors: Halim Hartanto , Hubeis Musa , Astuty Pudji
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the factors that influence the poverty rate in the province of West Java for the period 2017-2020. In this study, the data used is secondary data with quantitative methods using panel data types where the number of samples is taken from 27 cities in the province of West Java. In this study, the results obtained are Partially the inflation variable has a positive and significant effect, Partially the income per capita variable positive and significant effect, Partially the variable of economic growth is positive and significant then Partially the income variable of People's Purchasing Power is positive and significant.
Comparison of notary deed in Indonesia, Netherlands, and Belgium during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Humaira Maghfira , Latumeten Pieter Everhardus
Published: February 2022

This study aims to compare the making of a notary deed during the COVID-19 period in Indonesia, the Netherlands, and Belgium. Normative juridical law research is the method employed in this research. Analytical descriptive was further also utilized, while the data collection technique used is literature study. The results of the study indicated the importance of changes to Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning Notary Positions as amended by Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning Notary Positions ("Notary Position Law") in connection with by making an authentic deed which is carried out without physical presence, which facilitates Notaries to carry out their positions in times of emergency such as the current COVID-19 as the Netherlands and Belgium have fulfilled the element of legal expediency by enacting the COVID-19 Temporary Law ("Dutch COVID-19 Temporary Act") in the Netherlands. The Netherlands COVID-19 Temporary Act makes it possible to make a notarial deed without a physical presence or to do it virtually. Meanwhile, in Belgium, a digital power of attorney has been implemented by The Royal Federation of Belgian Notaries and the Minister of Justice.
Kelimpahan Predator Benthik (Acanthaster planci) di Perairan Putri Menjangan, Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali
Authors:   Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Brawijaya, Muzaky Luthfi Oktiyas , Iliani Rizki ,   Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Brawijaya
Published: February 2022

Perairan Pantai Putri Menjangan merupakan perairan pantai yang memiliki sumberdaya terumbu karangdengan kategori sedang yang terletak di Desa Pejarakan, Kecamatan Gerokgak, Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali. Karang pada Perairan Putri Menjangan tidak luput dari keberadaan predator benthik pemakan polip karang Acanthaster planci. Bintang laut yang masuk ke dalam Family Acanthasteridae ini memiliki jumlah tangan 7 -12 buah yang diselimuti duri beracun dengan diameter tubuh berukuran 25 -35 cm. Morfologi A. planci rata dan elastis sehingga memudahkan predator ini dalam memangsa karang bercabang. Tujuan dari dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelimpahan spesies A. planci dan apakah terjadi peledakan populasi (outbreak) A. planci di perairan Putri Menjangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Belt Transect berukuran 300 m2 dengan teknik observasi yang dilakukan dalam 5 stasiun pengambilan data. Data yang diambil meliputi data panjang dan lebar transek tempat ditemukannya A. planci, jumlah, warna, dan ukuran diameter A. planci, jenis substrat, dan lifeform karang. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan total kelimpahan A. planci terendah berada pada Stasiun 1, Stasiun 2, dan Stasiun 3 dengan nilai 0,0067 individu/m2. Sementara total kelimpahan A. planci tertinggi berada pada Stasiun 5 dengan nilai 0,03 individu/m2. Pada perairan Putri Menjangan tidak terjadi peledakan spesies (outbreak) A. planci.
Introduksi Produksi Pellet Mandiri Pada Kelompok Pembudidaya Udang Semi Intensif Sebagai Upaya Efisiensi Cost Pakan
Authors:   Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Arsad Sulastri , Musa Muhammad ,   Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Afandi Aminuddin ,   Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Retno Buwono Nanik ,   Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Mahmudi Mohammad ,   Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Dewi Lusiana Evellin ,   Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Arif Wahyudi ,   Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan
Published: February 2022

Pakan yang mahal dan teknologi yang masih tradisional menjadi masalah yang serius bagi pembudidaya udang vanamei di Desa Temaji. Salah satu alternatif yang ditawarkan yaitu melakukan pembuatan pellet secara mandiri dalam sistem budidaya semi intensif. Tujuan utama pelaksanaan Doktor Mengabdi (DM) yaitu mengembangkan keterampilan pembudidaya dalam memproduksi pakan mandiri skala kecil dengan menggunakan mesin pellet sederhana guna mengurangi biaya operasional dari cost pakan. Selain itu, tujuannya adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan mitra dalam pengukuran kualitas air sehingga produksi hasil budidaya dapat meningkat dan secara tidak langsung dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat pembudidaya. Hasil kegiatan ini yaitu diperolehnya produk pellet MINIPRO yang dikemas sendiri dan berdasarkan kalkulasi ternyata hasil pellet yang diproduksi jauh lebih murah dibandingkan dengan pellet yang dibeli. Kegiatan ini juga diakhiri dengan pemberian kuesioner sebagai feedback dari kegiatan ini.
Blan/ck Screens: Chroma Screens Performing Race
Authors: Maithani Charu
Published: February 2022

Chroma screens is a term for the green and blue screens used in filmmaking, television, and graphics during image making for the compositing of other images in post-production. Engaging an agential realist framework to deliberate on this mode of screens wherein they are without images, I consider chroma screens in and through material-discursive practices to argue that the green and blue colors of chroma screens can be considered a cultural enactment of racialized media practices. I take the image blankness of chroma screens as the condition for a performance of blackness/race. An analysis of Sondra Perry’s work, Graft and Ash for a Three-Monitor Workstation (2016), opens onto how racial practices and concepts around blackness have functioned in the very blankness of chroma screens. The blan/ckness relationship in Perry’s work is leveraged to become generative of a differencing, a performance that not only sustains blackness, a difference in color, but recognizes and animates it in constructive ways. In this paper I show that neither blackness nor whiteness are pre-given but are caught up with a powerful imaging and medial technique, co-constituted in, with, and through chroma screens.