bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM A PACIENTES COM QUEIMADURAS DE TERCEIRO GRAU-CURATIVOS
Authors: Quadros Bruno Paula Eduarda , Will Élida , Da Silva Santos Gislaine , Schultz Felberg Joel , Zondonadi de Souza Rafael
Published: October 2023

Na literatura mundial, cada vez mais encontramos trabalhos relacionados a queimaduras de terceiro grau e o uso de curativos específicos a esses pacientes. Estima-se que no Brasil ocorram em torno de 1.000.000 de acidentes com queimaduras por ano. Destes, 100.000 pacientes procurarão atendimento hospitalar e cerca de 2.500 irão falecer direta ou indiretamente de suas lesões. É, portanto, um problema de saúde pública (OUSSAKI FMS, 2014). A equipe de enfermagem é considerada fundamental no cuidado aos pacientes vítimas de queimaduras, tendo em vista sua aproximação frequente a estes no processo assistencial, como por exemplo, o uso adequado de coberturas e curativos. Além disso, o prognóstico do quadro álgico de pacientes queimados depende em grande parte da maneira como suas dores física e psicológica são levadas em consideração pelos profissionais que participam do processo de reabilitação, sendo indispensável a real compreensão destas de modo a evitar que uma dor traumática se torne psicologicamente agravada (SANTANA LCB, ET AL, 2019). Objetivo Geral da pesquisa é analisar os desafios da enfermagem e seu papel primordial na assistência a pacientes com queimaduras de terceiro grau, enfatizando a utilização de curativos adequados para uma recuperação de sucesso. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo realizado por meio de revisão bibliográfica. Os dados foram coletados baseados nas publicações até setembro de 2023 relacionado as queimaduras de terceiro grau e suas coberturas utilizadas, na base de dado: Portal Regional da BvS (biblioteca virtual em saúde). O recorte temporal para busca dos estudos foi de um intervalo de 13 anos, abrangendo o período 2010 à 2023. Com os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCs): “Assistência de Enfermagem”, “Queimaduras Terceiro Grau”, “Curativos”, “Coberturas” etc.
Contribution of education in freedom moment of India
Authors: Dr. Purshotam Singh,
Published: October 2023

Education was essential to the success of the independence movement in India because it acted as a driving force behind social transformation and a wellspring of individual agency. Education, at its foundation, produced a feeling of national awareness and togetherness among a variety of groups, overcoming boundaries of geographical distinction and language barrier. Education's ability to cultivate moral and ethical values, which were essential for a successful struggle for independence, was recognised by visionaries such as Mahatma Gandhi, who recognised the power of education in mobilising the masses. Gandhi emphasised the role that education played in cultivating these values. Universities and other more traditional educational institutions, such schools and schools, have evolved into hubs of intellectual conversation and political action. They made it possible for influential people like Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose to communicate their aspirations for a free India and rally popular support by providing forums on which they could do so. Education also educated citizens with critical thinking abilities, which enabled them to challenge oppressive colonial laws and argue for their rights. Education also enabled individuals to advocate for their rights. Women, who had been marginalised for a long time, were given the power via education to participate in the independence struggle in important ways. Leaders such as Sarojini Naidu and Annie Besant were not only educated in their own right, but they also advocated for the education of women and encouraged other women to play an active part in the fight for independence. Education was a vital factor in the Indian independence struggle because it fostered critical thinking, helped cultivate a sense of national identity, and gave citizens the ability to oppose the authority of colonial government. Because of the significant part it played in establishing the intellectual and moral underpinnings of an independent India, it was an essential part of the process by which the nation worked its way toward achieving its goal of independence.
STRATEGY MANAGEMENT OF GAME-THEORETIC MODELS IN CONDITIONS OF HIGH UNCERTAINTY AND DEGREE OF RISK
Authors:   PhD of Economics, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of «System Analysis in Economics», Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Zvyagin Leonid S.
Published: October 2023

An effective management decision assumes, along with the use of various methods and models, also the presence of creative thinking on the part of the manager, who has a sufficient level of knowledge and skills, the use of various models and methods, as well as modern information processing technology. The use of models in game theory makes it possible to describe various phenomena related to the economy, the relationship between man and nature, the struggle for existence, etc. Very often in the economy, disagreements in the interests of partners and the desire to obtain the greatest benefits lead to conflict situations. Management decision-making, in cases of conflict, involves the use of game theory methods. At the same time, the quality and quantity of available information about the management object and the external environment has a huge impact on decision-making.
NEW FUZZY PARAMETER PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
Authors:   Doctor of Economics Sciences, PhD in Technical Sciences, Academician of IAELPS, Institute of Financial Technologies, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Nedosekin Alexey O.
Published: October 2023

The aim of the study is to obtain a new probabilistic distribution of the random moment T of complete transition of patients from cohort S (susceptible to infection) to cohort R (recovered and cured). Methodology. The distribution is constructed under the assumption that in the SIR Kermack – McKendrick model, the nonlinear system of firstorder differential equations has an approximate solution in the form of logistic functions based on the profile of the normal probability distribution F. The obtained distribution AN(t) has an analytical form and is threeparameter, and all these parameters of the distribution can be represented in a fuzzy form (fuzzified). Thus, T is a fuzzy random variable (FRV) and AN(t) takes the form of a fuzzy function of general form. Results. The form of the distribution function AN(t) and the density distribution an(t) with fuzzy parameters of transition frequencies β and γ from cohort S to cohort I (infected) and from cohort I to cohort R, respectively, are obtained. Conclusion. Similar distributions, given on the time axis t, can be obtained for all other cohorts.
DIGITAL AUDIT: DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHODOLOGY OF STATE AUDIT
Authors:   O.E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Moscow, Russia, Chkhutiashvili Lela V.
Published: October 2023

The author analyzes the state audit of the XXI century, which is acquiring a digital format today. Ensuring standardization, optimization and unification of processes and procedures, improving the quality of documentation of information and accounting, increasing the reliability of reporting based on flexible and adaptive information technologies, as well as the transition to uniform standards of electronic financial information of public sector organizations and their counterparties allow for automatic processing and guarantee legal significance. The State receives information about the financial condition of public sector organizations at any time. When carrying out external state audit (control), the achievements of the digital economy are used, aimed at creating points of interaction with economic entities of the market economy and improving the quality of state audit.
CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ACCORDING TO HOUSING MORTGAGE LENDING INDICATORS
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Mathematical Methods in Economics, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia, Zakrevskaya Ekaterina A. , Sviridova Olga A. ,   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Mathematical Methods in Economics, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Associate Professor of the Department of Data Analysis and Machine Learning, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Popova Daria M. ,   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Mathematical Methods in Economics, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2023

The article conducts a cluster analysis of regions of the Russian Federation according to mortgage lending indicators to obtain a stable grouping, as well as discriminant analysis to distribute regions that are not included in a stable grouping. A classification has been obtained that divides regions into four main groups, characterized by different levels of mortgage lending conditions and development of the housing construction market.
The Relationship between Economic Development and Income Inequality in MIST (Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, Türkiye) Countries: Panel Quantile Analysis
Authors: Tufaner Mustafa Batuhan , Sözen İlyas
Published: October 2023

Economic development and income distribution are among the most discussed topics in the economics literature. The relationship between economic development and income distribution becomes more important, especially considering the lack of resources in developing countries. In the study, the relationship between economic development and income distribution was analyzed in MIST countries (Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, and Türkiye) for the period 1990-2019. In the study, in which the panel quantile regression estimator was used, the study reveals first that economic development reduces income inequality. Second, globalization can influence income inequality in various ways. While trade openness, which is one of the two indicators of globalization, reduces income inequality, foreign direct investment inflows, which is another indicator, increase income inequality. Third, the increase in industrialization, which is an indicator of technological development, increases income inequality.
The Role of E-Health Service in the Efficiency of the Healthcare System in Azerbaijan
Authors: Alakbarova Narmin , Suleymanov Elchin , Rahmanov Farhad
Published: October 2023

Electronic health care is one of the most effective and developing technologies for the health care system. Electronic medical services are an important factor in the Azerbaijani healthcare system in recent times. These services help to provide more effective, efficient, and quality service through the application of information technologies in the field of healthcare, as in many other fields. Through electronic health services, information such as health care tracking, electronic medical history, and laboratory results are stored in electronic files and managed more quickly and efficiently. Electronic medical service is based on the use of information and communication technologies for the improvement and organization of health services, digitalization of medical documents, creation and development of medical information systems, and automation of other operations. Important fundamentals such as security and efficient use are also expected when implementing this system. E-health services also help to reduce negative impacts on the healthcare system. Through e-health services, healthcare professionals can access information more quickly and efficiently, which improves the quality of healthcare. This study examined the role of the application of the e-Health system in Azerbaijan in the effectiveness of medical services, as well as the collection and storage of data; improved relationships and coordination; data exchange, and analysis; it has proven effective in protecting patient data.
Climate Policy and International Law
Authors: Yılmazcan Dilek
Published: October 2023

The climate change has reached crucial dimensions that affect life deeply. Some regions are more affected by this, and it has become a threat to future generations. In the last decades, this issue has been brought to the agenda many times, but the necessary measures have not been taken yet. The increase in world temperature and the rapid melting of glaciers will drive sea waters to rise and some regions to be underwater, and droughts due to increased heat will expand. This situation will lead to food and water problems very soon, and it may endanger human life. Climate change has economic, political, and legal dimensions. Human rights violations will occur in many issues regarding the right to life, health, food security and access to clean water, and the migrations that will arise due to these reasons. These are not the problems of a single state, but the entire world population. So, international measures have been brought to the agenda of international organizations and examined within the framework of international law. It is necessary to re-evaluate its economic and legal dimensions by re-discussing agricultural policies, water and energy economies. Every natural disaster we experience is related change. This study consists of three parts, first of all, climate change and its consequences will be explained, then the studies on this subject in international law will be explained, and in the last part, how to find solutions to possible problems that may arise in the future will be discussed.
Creative Economy and Modern Advertising in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Kamalova Anara
Published: October 2023

In the modern world, the creative economy is developing rapidly. The concept of "creative economy" is widely used in the literature of foreign researchers. For Kyrgyzstan, the creative economy is a new direction, but despite this, it is developing very quickly, including human intellectual potential, the development of innovative entrepreneurship, and other areas aimed at increasing income, employment, and most importantly, increasing the volume of exports of the Kyrgyz Republic. With the issuance of the decree of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic dated April 21, 2022, "On measures to develop the creative economy and create conditions for the software development of the Kyrgyz Republic," and the approval of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic "Concept of development of the creative economy," a new stage of development of this process began. This article discusses the issues of the creative industry in the field of marketing and advertising in Kyrgyzstan, as it is one of the leading tools of the creative economy. Advertising, as a component of marketing communication, occupies an important position, since it is based on special intellectual activity, thanks to which brands of companies gain a competitive advantage in the market.
Financial Methods To Promote International Industrial Cooperation
Authors: Kashbrasiev Rinas
Published: October 2023

In the current geopolitical and geo-economic conditions, the search for new directions and effective methods and tools for financing international industrial cooperation is becoming increasingly important. Hence, the study of the directions of international industrial cooperation (including cooperation in high-tech industries) in the context of Russia's move toward the East, as well as the tools and techniques for its financing and stimulation, is extremely relevant. The article considers approaches to analyzing methods of stimulating international industrial cooperation. An analysis of financial support for cooperation between Russian enterprises and enterprises in Turkey, China, India, and other Asian countries made it possible to identify the most effective instruments for financing and promoting international cooperation and to classify them into two classes of financial instruments. They are identified as direct and indirect incentive methods. This classification gives an idea of the effective sectoral and national directions for financing international cooperation. The economic importance of each group of financing methods for stimulating industrial cooperation is revealed. The first group is the use of financial instruments that reduce the cost of establishing international relationships. The second group is the use of tools that provide enterprises with special conditions, thereby reducing the financial burden on the international project being implemented. At the same time, in order to achieve an integrated approach to promoting international industrial cooperation, it is appropriate to establish the interstate institutions that will contribute to more complete financial support for international cooperation.
The European Union - Sahel relations: An elusive nexus between development and security.
Authors: Gözkaman Armağan
Published: October 2023

The European Union (EU) strategy for the Sahel region has simultaneously focused on security and development. For years, the EU has invested massively in the region with this objective. In time, it has even adopted a more comprehensive approach to raise the living standards across the region. Field action and collaboration have been developed. Nevertheless, the EU’s achievements have remained mostly inadequate.

Discourse analysis will be the research method that will be employed in the study. EU strategy papers together with EU institutional declarations will lay the ground for the main analyses. Indeed, the literature review will cover secondary sources as well as the primary ones. Case studies will involve individual states (Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso) along with the G5 Sahel organization and the missions that have convened within the framework of the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy.

Some reasons explain the EU’s failure, such as the heterogeneity of Sahel: Stretching on more than three million square kilometres, it is a vast, diverse, and complex region encompassing multiple countries and ethnicities. Security deserves attention as well, both at regional and international levels. Limited resources at the EU’s (and its member states’) disposal is also an obstacle for coherent development and security strategies. So is the coordination challenges: The EU member states have different priorities and approaches to addressing the challenges in the Sahel region. Last, but not least, political instability makes it extremely difficult to implement effective and sustainable development and security programs.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Real Production and Environmental Pollution: Panel Quantile Regression Approach
Authors: Taşdöken Öznur , Kahyaoğlu Hakan
Published: October 2023

Today, the damage caused by the production process to the environment has led to the development of the literature with the Kuznest, pollution haven hypotheses within the framework of sustainability. From this point of view, the optimum balance and efficiency production process has been reconsidered with the studies that take into account the impact of the economic activity process on the environment. Empirical studies have been conducted on the negative impact of environment and climate change on the output-input relationship. In this context, this study analyzes carbon emissions, industrial production index representing real production and the share of renewable energy in total energy using panel quantile approach. For this purpose, data for 37 selected countries are used, using annual data for the period 2000-2019. The purpose of using this approach is to provide a more comprehensive estimation of how carbon emissions, industrial production index and the share of renewable energy in total energy differ across percentiles. Considering the findings obtained from the estimation, the relationship between carbon emissions and industrial production index and the share of renewable energy in total energy is statistically significant and the coefficient value changes for different quantile values at 95% confidence interval. This means that the industrial production index and the share of renewable energy in total energy have different effects on carbon emissions and that these effects are heterogeneous.
Cooperatives In Bulgaria In Transitional Periods
Authors: Çetin Meliha
Published: October 2023

After gaining its independence, Bulgaria was ruled first by the Kingdom, and after the Second World War, by Communism. After 1990, it switched to democracy and capitalist economy. In these periods, how the cooperatives were implemented in Bulgaria was examined and the success situation was analyzed. In the planned economy of communism, agriculture passed to cooperatives completely under state control. Ownership of land and means of production is limited by the constitution. After 1990, there has been a radical restructuring in the agricultural sector. Collective farms were disbanded and property rights in the lands were returned to their beneficiaries according to the new constitution.
As a method, the comparative practices of Bulgarian economy and cooperatives in the transition periods were examined. The evolution of the agricultural policy in the Kingdom into cooperatives, the example of the understanding of cooperatives in the Soviet Union during the communist era, and the compatibility of the Western states with the free market economy in the transition to democracy were analyzed. In this context, articles and books written in Turkish, English and Bulgarian were examined and the literature on the subject was searched.
Cooperatives, which aimed to develop peasants and agriculture during the Kingdom period, became state-led during the socialism period, and unfortunately lost their fighting power after 1990, especially after the 1996/1997 crisis. Today, the main challenge for Bulgaria as an EU member is to reassess the role cooperatives can play in economic and social development through self-organization, self-help and solidarity among people.
Impact of Innovation and Information Communication Technologies on the Development of e-Commerce in Azerbaijan
Authors: Rahmanov Farhad , Suleymanov Elchin , Ibrahimova Khayala
Published: October 2023

The development of e-commerce in Azerbaijan has been influenced by the significant impact of innovation and information and communication technology (ICT). The widespread availability of technology, secure online payment systems, e-commerce platforms, and logistics and delivery innovations have all contributed to the growth and success of e-commerce in the country. The emergence of local payment systems and the availability of global e-commerce platforms have made it easier for businesses to reach a wider audience, while consumers have been able to access a greater range of products and enjoy the convenience of online shopping. However, there is still potential for further growth and development in areas such as online security and consumer protection. This paper discusses the impact of innovation and information and communication technology (ICT) on the development of e-commerce in Azerbaijan. The widespread availability of technology, secure online payment systems, and the emergence of e-commerce platforms have made it easier for businesses in Azerbaijan to reach a global audience and for consumers to access a wide range of products from around the world. Innovations in logistics and delivery have also made it easier and more convenient for consumers to shop online and receive their purchases quickly. While the impact of innovation and ICT has been significant in creating a thriving e-commerce ecosystem in Azerbaijan, there is still room for further growth and development, particularly in the areas of online security and consumer protection.
Relationship between Human Development and Economic Growth in Turkey
Authors: Özgen Zamira , Ateş Sanlı
Published: October 2023

Until 1970s, economic development and growth were used synonymously, and the level of development was measured by nominal measures. After 1990s, especially with increasing importance of sustainable development, important steps were made to ensure that development should be individual-centered and human-oriented, which led to the creation of “human development” concept. Human Development, as an indicator of individual’s standard of living and welfare, is also seen as an important input for economic growth. On the other side, economic growth provides financial opportunities to increase the level of human development. This study undertakes the relationship between human development and economic growth with the data covering the period 1971-2019 in Turkey. In this context, in accordance with the United Nations methodology, the Human Development Index for Turkey (1971-2019) was created within the scope of this study. This index was used as a human development’s indicator in Turkey. Method of the study is based on the conceptual framework discussed in Ranis et al., (2000) and also includes variables of public health and education expenditures, Gini index and investment rates. Data was obtained from the WB, UNESCO and TurkStat databases. Study aims to undertake two-way character of growth and human development relationship in a theoretical framework as well as modeling and testing it with the time series econometrics’ tools. After the series are tested with unit root tests, the relationships between variables will be estimated by ARDL Bounds test, and the results will be interpreted according to the findings and also suggestions will be presented.
EU-China Relations: Competition and Partnership
Authors: Gözkaman Armağan , Çelikok Kaan
Published: October 2023

The study aims to analyze the current state of relations between China and the EU, including the balance of partnership and competition, common interests, and stronger connections. It also seeks to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the relationship between China and the EU, highlighting both the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead. Hence, the study delves on a multitude of topics including China's human rights record, policies on intellectual property, and state-owned enterprises, as well as its growing military and economic influence in the world. The study also investigates the EU’s objectives to build a constructive and cooperative relationship with China based on mutual respect and understanding, as well as the actions that both sides implement to address global challenges through international organizations such as the WTO and the UN. The study examines the economic ties between China and the EU, including trade and investment flows. The direction and flow of trade and investments will be explored by referring to statistics from international organizations, especially the World Bank. Literature review on economic, commercial and political cooperation between the EU and China will focus on primary and secondary sources. It is important for both sides to continue to engage in dialogue and cooperation to strengthen their trade relationship and address issues such as market access, level playing field, human rights, and intellectual property rights. For a successful pursuit of these objectives, the EU needs to develop a single rhetoric and adopt common policies.
The Effect of Volatility Index on Turkish and European Stock Indices
Authors: Özbek Gökhan Berk
Published: October 2023

In times of high uncertainty, it is usual for investors to be cautious about the capital markets and turn to investment instruments that are considered a security blanket. This situation may adversely affect the capital markets and the real sector. In this context, it is aimed to investigate the effect of the Volatility Index (VIX), also known as Fear Index, on some European stock markets. In the study, five different models were created in which the independent variable is VIX and the dependent variables are FTSE 100, DAX, CAC 40, BIST 30 and BIST Participation 30. Including the BIST Participation 30 Index in the study; it is also desired to determine whether there is a difference in the context of the conventional index-Islamic Index. In the study, a weekly data set including 76 observations was used in the period of 12.11.2021-28.04.2023. Data were obtained from Refinitiv Eikon. The long-term relationship of the variables was examined with the Engle-Granger Cointegration Test. Cointegration relationships were determined between VIX and FTSE 100; it was specified that there is no cointegrated relationships between VIX and BIST 30, BIST Participation 30, DAX and CAC 40. Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method was used to estimate the coefficients of the relationship between the variables whose cointegration relationship was determined. Consistent with the literature, it was determined that VIX had negative effect on the FTSE 100. In this context, investors can use the VIX indicator to provide foresight in their investments in the FTSE 100.
The Impact of Globalization on Female Employment: Econometric Evidence for the Selected Transition Countries
Authors: Çağlayan Akay Ebru , Ertok Onurlu Merve , Oskonbaeva Zamira
Published: October 2023

Globalization is defined as the exchange of human capital, technology, and culture, along with many other economic, financial, and cultural factors, between countries, and it is regarded as a significant determinant of labor market dynamics and integration. Some studies in the labor economics literature suggest that as the borders between countries close as a result of globalization, the number of employment opportunities available to women increases. This, in turn, might result in releasing restrictions on female employment and leading to reductions in the wage gap among female workers, especially between developing and developed countries. However, other studies indicate that the impact of globalization on female employment during the globalization process remains negative. The principal objective of this study is to decide whether a country's globalization index has impeded female employment in transition countries. The majority of transition countries are associated with developing economies. A panel dataset of the selected 21 transition countries from 1995 to 2017 is employed in the analysis. The results of the Cross-Sectionally Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (CS-ARDL) indicate that globalization is negatively associated with female employment for the selected transition countries. Thus, globalization might create obstacles among female workers unless policymakers provide optimal policies to keep the labor market dynamics stable during the globalization process.
The Impact of Environmental Policy, per Capita Income, Inflation and Urbanization on Life Expectancy at Birth: Examples from the BRICS and MIST Countries
Authors: Gültekin Ömer Faruk
Published: October 2023

The development of environmental policies is of great importance for the continuation of the concept of sustainable development. Societies that strive for economic development should aim to leave a cleaner world for future generations. Therefore, as an output of the economic development process, the relationship between life expectancy at birth and environmental policies and welfare increase is a test of the expectation for a clean world. In the study, the effects of economic development components and environmental policies on life expectancy at birth, which is a health indicator in the development process, were investigated for the period 1990-2020, in a model created on the basis of BRICS and MIST countries, which are among the developing country groups. Test such as multicollinearity, varying variance, autocorrelation, and cross-section dependence were applied to the model, and the model was estimated using Generalized Least Squares and Driscoll-Kraay tests. According to the findings, while strict environmental policies and higher per capita income have a positive effect on life expectancy at birth, the effects of urbanization and inflation on life expectancy at birth are not statistically significant. Accordingly, it can be said that societies that care about increasing welfare together with environmental policies will have a longer life expectancy.
Examination of the Relationship Between the Stock Market and Income Inequality by B-VAR Method
Authors: Poyraz Gülden , Kalkay Duygu
Published: October 2023

The relationship between financialization and income distribution stands out with globalization. The financial system plays an important role in the generation and distribution of income. In this context, the aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between stock markets and income inequality in Türkiye. The study analyzes whether there is a long-run relationship between the series for the period 2002-2021 using the B-VAR method, which allows estimating the relationship between indicators with a priori information. Thus, the impact of changes in the stock market on the probability of affecting the fairness of income distribution is analyzed. Thus, the effect of the changes in the stock market on the probability of affecting the income distribution is examined. According to the results of B-VAR analysis, the effect of GINI coefficient on both BIST price and BIST return series is not statistically significant. This suggests that stock market investments are not correlated with income distribution but are rather short-term and profit oriented. At the same time, the fact that there are more foreign investors in BIST 100 during the period analyzed does not affect the insignificance of this relationship.
Financial Stability Index in Eurasian Economies
Authors: Gürbüz Zehra Yeşim
Published: October 2023

Today’s financial markets are an important part of market economies and play an important role in the economic growth of countries. Especially the global crisis of 2008 allowed to understand the importance of the stability in the financial system on the real economy. Besides, there is no consensus in the literature for the definition of financial stability. It’s not easy to measure and define the financial stability due to the dependence and interaction between financial system components as well as real economy. Both national and international financial institutions and countries started to redesign their financial systems, increase their resilience against the crisis, review their surveillance and control mechanisms and create their own financial stability indicators. Central banks publish financial stability reports where they try to determine financial stability risks and to evaluate the degree of financial fragility or financial stress. The Financial Soundness Indicators (FSIs) of the International Monetary Funds are considered as one of the most used indicators. In this paper, we aim to evaluate the financial stability in the Eurasian Economic Union member countries by an aggregate financial instability index via core FSI’s. These indicators are calculated for deposit takers and consist of twelve indicators that are divided in five main groups which are capital adequacy, asset quality, profitability, liquidity, and market risk sensitivity. The analysis covers the period of 2008-2022 and we then discuss how different crisis such as 2008 financial crisis and the Russia-Ukraine war that emerged during the analysis period affect financial stability in Eurasian countries.
Investigation of the Production Structure of the Food Industry with Input-Output Analysis: An Empirical Application on Turkey
Authors: Sönmez Hakan
Published: October 2023

Recently, the rising food prices have contributed to inflation in Turkey. It has been crucial to analyze the interconnections between the food sector and other sectors of the economy to understand these price dynamics. The aim of this study is to determine the production structure and linkages of the Turkish food sector with other sectors utilizing input-output analysis. The input-output table for the study has provided by the World Input-Output Database. The findings indicate that the food sector requires 0.6477 units of input from other sectors to produce one unit of output. The direct forward linkage coefficient, which measures the input required by other sectors from the food sector, is estimated at 0.4385. The “hosting and catering service activities” sector is identified as the most demanding sector for the food sector’s output, after its own sector, with a share of 0.1267. This finding demonstrates a significant input flow from the food sector to the “accommodation and food service” sector. The total backward and forward linkages for the food sector are computed as 2.0381 and 1.6833 respectively. Therefore, indicating changes in food sector production has significantly influenced other sectors. Both the total backward linkage index value (1.3409) and the total forward linkage index value (1.1075) exceed a certain threshold. This result reveals that the food sector key role in the Turkish economy with push and pull effect on other sectors. It is recommended that prioritize incentive policies that have strong linkages with the food sector and evaluate investment decisions accordingly.
The Vision of Growth with High Value-Added Products in the Tourism Sector of Turkey with the Approach of Comparative Advantage Theory
Authors: İzgi Mehmet Tevfik
Published: October 2023

The foreign trade balance in the economy of Türkiye is negative. This negative situation in the current account balance and the loss of foreign currency are reduced by tourism income. The foreign trade deficit in the first quarter of 2023 is approximately 35 billion USD. In 2022, foreign trade deficit of approximately 110 billion USD and tourism income of 46 billion USD was realized. With all the constraints in the supply of tourism goods and services in our country, the aim of the simplex algorithm method is to present more tourism income, more profit margin and high value-added products to the tourism market. The data set is taken from TUIK producer price indices. Accommodation sector capacities are taken from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism's Facility Statistics data. The application of the optimum decision-making process in multivariate problems based on empirical findings and linear programming tools used in the article. Profit maximization in tourism goods and services is calculated with the simplex algorithm method. David Ricardo examined foreign trade in the Theory of Comparative Advantage, considering that foreign active tourism, touristic goods and services are sold to foreigners in the country, this economic theory can also be used for the tourism sector if an approach is made in this way. This study aims to contribute to a scientific growth vision approach with the increase in the sales volume of touristic goods and services with high added value in the tourism sector, which has an opportunity cost advantage.
Eurasian “Resistance” to Internationalization of Sovereignty
Authors: Uğurlu Göksu
Published: October 2023

The 21st century has witnessed several transformations in international structure. The state-building process in the aftermath of the Iraq Invasion in 2003 was a cornerstone in the transformation of sovereignty as it implied the internationalized state form in the periphery of the capitalist international division of labor. However, the Western agenda of transforming the region and beyond with economic as well as military interventions faced a challenge from the Russia-China axis. These two countries became the focal point of resistance within the capitalist system, forcing Western capitalism to address this challenge. During the last decade, Russia was involved in military conflicts in Eurasian territories, where formerly Western powers had the upper hand. On the other hand, China became a hub for an alternative source of capital to Western institutions such as the IMF and WB, with its highly centralized and condensed financial power. These two countries offered an alternative to the Western type of articulation to the international markets, emphasizing the ‘old’ understanding of sovereignty. This study firstly aims to examine the transformation (thus, internationalization) of sovereignty as an agenda of Western capitalism by looking at Western powers’ policies during and after the Iraq invasion. Then, it will scrutinize the challenge to this transformation by the Eurasian axis with its persistence on the ‘national’ sovereignty of the peripheral countries they are exporting capital and establishing new political and military affairs with. Lastly, the study concludes with the possible prospects of these two rival sovereignty claims and the consequences they evoke.
The Effects of Developments in Financial Markets and Currency-Protected Deposit System on Financial Deepening: The Case of Turkey
Authors: Yıldırım Koray , Erdoğan Esma , Algan Neşe , Bal Harun
Published: October 2023

In this study, the effects of credit volume, stock market trading volume and currency protected deposit (CPD) system on financial deepening (M2/M1) of the Turkish economy for the period 2010M1:2023M2 (T=158) are analyzed by Structural VAR (SVAR) method. According to the findings, credit volume shocks have a significant effect while the effect of stock market trading volume is limited. In advanced financial systems, the M2/M1 ratio hovers between 4 and 6. The financial deepening ratio, which was measured as 4.86 at the beginning of the analyzed period, was at its lowest level of 2.41 in 2021M12 when the CPD system was announced. After the implementation of the CPD system, the financial deepening ratio improved slightly to 2.67. At the same time, the existence of structural change before and after the CPD system is found to be significant according to the Chow test. On the other hand, when the developments in financial markets are analyzed, the significant increase in credit volume was not reflected positively on financial deepening. The inflationary process in recent years has had a significant impact on this process. In conclusion, inflationary expectations and the increase in asset purchases are the main factors behind the decline in financial deepening in the Turkish economy. Although the CPD system has been reasonably successful, rationally based policies are needed to replace this practice, which is expected to be temporary, as well as to strengthen financial deepening.
Agile Approaches of Businesses in Logistics and Supply Chain
Authors: Köstepen Özbek Kübra Göksu
Published: October 2023

Modern logistics requires companies which implement ease of access, quick information processing, and security conditions in their enterprises. The foundation of this transformation lies in transportation processes that prioritize customer demands for reduced transit times, product availability, and efficient delivery. Modern systems encompass transportation exchanges, as well as tools like TMS (Transportation Management Systems), ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), and Truck & Tracing systems. These systems enable logistics professionals to navigate the entire logistics process chain. In the present day, companies are adopting a project management approach to develop innovative solutions for their operations. According to the Project Management Institute (PMI) market research, project management practitioners widely embrace agile principles as an effective project management technique. By utilizing TMS, ERP, warehouse control systems, and other automated planning, organizing, and control tools for logistics activities, businesses can drive operational improvements. In the future, businesses will establish global networks that leverage cyber-physical systems encompassing machinery, warehouse systems, and production facilities. This research aims to explore how companies are implementing new agile approaches in their logistics and supply chain services, as well as the impact of logistics 4.0 and logistics 5.0 on businesses and customer service. In this research, more samples from the industries are examined and a comprehensive literature review regarding logistics and supply chain are presented.
Brand Positioning Strategies through Accreditation in Higher Education Institutions on the Internationalization Process
Authors: Oralkan Ayça
Published: October 2023

Higher education is a significant indicator of the development level of the countries and undertakes the locomotive role in the enhancement of the relevant country. Institutions go through accreditation processes to improve the quality of higher education output, and to verify that they meet the required minimum requirements nationally and internationally. Accredited institutions, by declaring that they provide added value in the field of education with these documents -at least in terms of requirements- aim to make their names stand out in the minds of students, industry, government, and academic staff. As in almost every field, higher education institutions may intend to gain a competitive advantage by offering a distinctive and unique set of services for their target audience. Based on the literature and empirical studies, this paper focuses on the importance of the brand positioning strategies of higher education institutions in the process of harmonization with national and international standards. It is aimed to evaluate the aspects of accreditation in brand positioning strategies by reviewing previous studies. Within the scope of brand positioning strategies, national and international accreditation processes, and outputs are planned to be reviewed in general. In this regard, through the evaluation of accreditation in terms of brand positioning strategies, a model is presented in the context of related strategies for higher education institutions. Higher education institutions have the potential to become leading international productivity centers by revealing their identities with their positioning strategies.
Sportive and Financial Performance Analysis of Football Clubs by Using MULTIMOOSRAL Method: An Application on Football Clubs Traded in Borsa Istanbul
Authors: Kaya Ferhat
Published: October 2023

Since football has become an industry and opened to capital markets, the financial performance of football clubs has become as crucial as their sportive performance. This study aims to analyze the financial and sportive performances of football clubs traded in the capital markets in Turkey, rate their success, and investigate the relationship between performances. In the study, the sportive and financial performances of Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray, and Trabzonspor clubs were investigated with the MULTIMOOSRAL method, using the data for the period 2017-2018/2021-2022. Weights were taken equally for 5 sportive criteria and 8 financial criteria used in the study. A correlation test was applied to the rankings calculated separately for each season, and the relationship between sportive and financial performance was examined. No significant relationship was found between sportive and financial performances.