bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a novel robust adaptive cascade controller for DC‐DC buck‐boost converter optimized with neural network and fractional‐order PID strategies
Authors: Ghamari Seyyed Morteza , Jouybari Taha Yousefi , Mollaee Hasan , Khavari Fatemeh , Hajihosseini Mojtaba
Published: March 2023

A cascade technique with two control loops is designed for a DC\DC Buck‐Boost converter that is a right half‐plane zero (RHPZ) structure called a non‐minimum phase system. This concept presents several challenging constraints for designing well‐behaved control techniques. Cascade controllers can provide various benefits compared with single loop controllers such as higher safety, higher robustness, and higher stability. This strategy assumes the system as a black‐box structure without the need for a mathematical model of the system. This benefit can decrease the computational burden and provides faster dynamics along with ease of implementation. This technique consisted of an outer Fractional‐order PID voltage controller tuned with the Antlion Optimizer (ALO) algorithm, which provides a reference current for the inner control loop of the Neural Network‐based LQR (NN‐LQR) controller. The basic principle in cascade controllers is a more rapid performance of the inner loop that has been satisfied with the NN‐LQR strategy, which optimizes and tunes the gains of the LQR controller and shows faster dynamics and higher robustness. It should be mentioned that the number of neurons is limited to 2 and 4 in each layer to decrease the computational burden with lower complexity. Also, the ALO algorithm is a modern nature‐inspired algorithm used to tune the PID gains with better results under‐constrained problems with diverse search spaces. Considering the negative impacts of various disturbances on a power converter, a Fractional‐order‐based PID (FO‐PID) control technique is a proper alternative since it shows higher robustness in load uncertainties along with better dynamical responses based on its extra degree of freedom. Moreover, to evaluate the superiority of this controller, two other controllers are designed using the PSO algorithm for PID and FO‐PID controllers. Finally, the presented cascade controller has been tested in various working conditions through simulation and experiment results.
Lutte biologique et biocontrôle : un besoin de clarification
Authors: Deguine Jean-Philippe
Published: March 2023

La lutte biologique et le biocontrôle sont des concepts de protection des cultures qui ont des points communs mais qui ont également leurs spécificités. La première est connue depuis les années 1880, alors que le second est apparu dans les années 2010 dans le paysage français. Depuis quelques années, on constate régulièrement une confusion dans les termes et dans les interprétations de ces concepts qui ne sont pas de même nature : la lutte biologique est définie par des stratégies et le biocontrôle par des produits. Ce papier vise donc à répondre à un besoin de clarification : il contribue à distinguer les périmètres et les contenus de ces concepts, à pointer certains rapprochements abusifs et à proposer des clarifications sémantiques. Il passe en revue les termes anglophones et francophones relatifs à la lutte biologique et au biocontrôle à l’échelle européenne. Le papier discute enfin du rôle et de la pertinence des deux concepts dans la protection agroécologique des cultures. La lutte biologique par conservation y occupe une place centrale, car elle relève d’une approche systémique et préventive des risques liés aux bioagresseurs des cultures. Si certains produits de biocontrôle sont prometteurs pour la prévention des risques liés aux bioagresseurs, beaucoup d’autres s’inscrivent dans une démarche curative, similaire à celle de l’utilisation des pesticides chimiques de synthèse, avec les mêmes types de retombées commerciales pour l’agro-industrie.
Bioindustry model of cocoa plant – goat livestock
Authors: Ferry Yulius , Herman Maman , Hafif Bariot , Marhaenis Lulu Suci
Published: March 2023

Biomass from cocoa plantations, such as rind, pulp, pruning of cocoa plants, and pruning of shade plants, can be processed into animal feed, forage, extracts of growth regulators, biochar. Goat manure can be processed into solid and liquid fertilizer. The purpose of this paper is to obtain some bio-industry that may be carried out by cocoa farmers who integrate farming with goats, additional income obtained, and other benefits from the integration. The results of the analysis of the goat cocoa integration model show that farmers get an additional income of Rp. 15,240,000, previous income was only Rp. 8.860.000/ha/year. Additional income from by-products of bioindustry can reach Rp. This bioindustry model is possible to be developed in various development areas, and also supports the goat population increase program.
The innovations transfer methods and model on cattle farmers in migrants' areas in Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra
Authors: Ediset E. , Anas A. , Alianta A.A.
Published: March 2023

The study aimed to identify the innovation transfer methods and model on cattle farmers in migrants' areas in Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra. The survey method used in this study with field observation support. The respondents determined by quota sampling as many as sixty farmers who joined in five farmer groups represent five migrants' areas with provision the farmers must have been the innovation transfer by the Extension Office. The data analysed quantitatively descriptive. The result showed that the transfer innovation methods conducted by the Extension Officer were mixed training methods (55%), field study method (100%), and direct meeting in rural office (100%). The innovation transfer model formed the participatory model (circle) in which the farmers identified the problems and then contacted the Extension Officer, researched with the Extension Officer and found the solution, thus solving the problems. It concluded that the innovation transfer methods did not use all innovation transfer methods, but they already used participatory models as innovation transfer models.
Performance of various types of West Sumatera female ducks at starter period
Authors: Arlina Firda , Sabrina Sabrina
Published: March 2023

West Sumatra has several breeds of germplasm ducks that have good potential for breeding, including Bayang Ducks, Kamang ducks, Pitalah ducks, and Sikumbang Janti ducks. This type of duck develops in the origin area to produce eggs and meat. The diversity of the performance of these ducks is still high. This study aims to determine the performance of various West Sumatra female ducks during the starter period. One hundred twenty heads of local female ducks were used in this study. This study used an experimental method of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replicates; each cage unit consisted of 6 ducks. The treatments in this study consisted of four breeds of local female ducks from West Sumatra, namely A (Bayang duck), B (Kamang duck), C (Pitalah duck), and D (Sikumbang Janti ducks). This study showed that four breeds of local female ducks in West Sumatra had no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed consumption and body weight gain. In comparison, four breeds of local female ducks in West Sumatra significantly affected feed conversion (P<0.05). The feed conversion for Bayang, Sikumbang janti, Kamang, and Pitalah ducks was 4.60, 4.89, 4.60, 4.38, and 4.29. Based on the feed conversion, female Pitalah ducks were more efficient than others.
Income and feasibility broiler chicken livestock analysis in business partnership and independent patterns
Authors: Sulistian W. , Nuryati R. , Mutiarasari N.R.
Published: March 2023

The development of broiler farms is supported by the strengthening of upstream industries such as breeding farms, feed mill companies, and veterinary drug companies, and downstream industries such as livestock product processing companies. This also encourages the formation of a business pattern from broiler chicken farming. This study aims to determine the cost, revenue, income, and feasibility of a partnership and independent broiler farming business. The method used in this research is a case study method on a partnership pattern breeder and an independent pattern breeder for six production periods, each cultivating 2,500 chickens in Cikukulu Village, Karangnunggal District, Tasikmalaya Regency. The results showed that there were differences obtained in the partnership pattern and independent pattern. The cost in this partnership pattern is slightly lower (0.16%) compared to the independent pattern. Furthermore, the acceptance of the partnership pattern is divided based on the market price and the contract price. The revenue obtained by the partnership pattern based on the market price is higher (2.52%) compared to the contract price. The revenue for the independent pattern is only based on the market price, and income in the partnership pattern is divided into income earned by farmers and partners. Based on the results of the livestock business analysis, the partnership pattern has a higher income than the independent pattern. In the feasibility analysis used, the partnership pattern has 1.75 and the independent pattern is 1.11, that the partnership pattern has a higher ratio value than the independent pattern.
The effectiveness of adding vitamin E to herbal mixture containing diet on amino acid and fatty acid composition of meats and hematological status in broiler chickens
Authors: Santoso U. , Fenita Y. , Kusisiyah K. , Rangkuti N. J.
Published: March 2023

The addition of vitamin E to herbs can result in interactions between compounds in herbs and vitamin E. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation to herbal mixture containing diets on amino acid and fatty acid composition of broiler meats and hemotological status in broiler chickens. This study used a completely randomized design. Eighty 15-day-old female broilers were distributed into 2 treatment groups with 4 replications (10 female broilers) as follows. Feed with FSBL plus 1 g of turmeric and 2 g garlic (P1) and Feed of P1 plus vitamin E (P2). It was shown that vitamin E supplementation reduced aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, histidine, threonine, alanine, tyrosine, valine, phenylalanine, I-leucine, leucine and total amino acid (P<0.05). Vitamin E supplementation also significantly reduced Cis-11,14-eicosedienoic acid and saturated fatty acid (P<0.05), but it had no effect on other fatty acids. Although the effect was not significant, palmitic acid was tended to be lowered by Vitamin E supplementation. Vitamin E supplementation significantly reduced thrombocyte (P<0.05), but it had no effect on Hb, WBC, RBC, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC. In conclusion, vitamin Esupplementation to herbal mixture reduced thrombocyte, total amino acid and saturated fatty acids in broiler chickens.
Effect of growing media and natural plant growth regulators on the growth of tea stem cutting
Authors: Setyowati N. , Permana I.G. , Hermansyah H.
Published: March 2023

Cuttings may generate plants with the same characteristics as the parent. However, there are issues with root formation and shoot development. Coconut water may function as a natural growth regulator due to auxin, which stimulates root and shoot development. The condition of the growing media, in addition to growth regulators, influences the development of plant cuttings. This study aims to determine the immersion time of tea stem cuttings into coconut water and the composition of the growing media for the growth of tea stem cuttings. This research was conducted from February to June 2019 at Sarana Mandiri Mukti, Tangsi Baru Village, Kabawetan District, Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, at an altitude of 1000 meters above sea level. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor was the immersion time of coconut water, namely 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours. The second factor was the growing media, which consisted of 1000 g soil (Control), 750 g soil + 250 g cow dung, 750 g soil + 250 g chicken manure, and 750 g soil + 250 g goat manure. The findings revealed that 5 hours 53 minutes of immersion in coconut water on a mixed medium of 750 g soil + 250 g cow dung resulted in the longest root being 13.73 cm. The duration of immersion in coconut water influenced the shoot and root length of tea stem cuttings, whereas the growing medium influenced the dry weight of the roots.
Performance of growth and productivity of several maize varieties in the dry land ecosystem
Authors: Girsang Moral Abadi , Helmi Helmi , Haloho Lermansius , Nainggolan Palmarum , Marpaung Imelda , Hidayat Shabil , Jonharnas Jonharnas
Published: March 2023

This research activity aims to determine the growth and productivity performance of several maize varieties in the dry land of the Karo district. The study was conducted in Kutabangun Village, Tiga binanga district, Karo Regency from February to June 2019. This study used a Randomized Block Design with the treatment of 4 varieties of corn with the same components of the corn plant technology package as the integrated corn crop management approach. The varieties tested were: 1.) Pioneer 32, 2.) NK 22, 3.) BIMA 20 and 4.) NASA 29 and as replicates. 5 (five) farmers. Each farmer planted 4 varieties of corn on an area of 1 ha, so the land required for this test was 5 ha. The results of observations of dry-shelled seed weight (t/ha) showed that there was a significant difference between the four varieties planted where the dry-shelled seed weight (t/ha) ranged from 7.68 to 8.53 t/ha. The highest dry seed weight (t/ha) was produced by the Pioneer 32 variety, which was 8.53 t/ha, followed by the NK 22 (7.95 t/ha), NASA 29 (7.82 t/ha), and BIMA 20 ( 7.68 t/ha). Net income per hectare/season produced by the Pioneer 32 varieties (Rp. 19.490.000), Nasa 29 (Rp. 17.170.000), BIMA 20 (Rp. 16.65 million), and the NK 22 varieties (Rp. 16.090.000) and The B/C ratio per hectare of each variety is the Pioneer 32 (1.33%), Nasa 29 (1.17%), BIMA 20 (1.13%) and the NK variety 22 (1.12%).
Growth and yield of soybeans at different dosages of NPK and dolomite fertilizer in ultisols of Bengkulu
Authors: Pujiwati Hesti , Prasetyo Tri Martono , Widodo Widodo , Hairani Putri Mian , Susilo Edi , Husna Muhimmatul
Published: March 2023

Soybean cultivation in Ultisols is constrained by low soil pH and soil fertility levels. Dolomite and NPK fertilization are used to improve soil quality. The goal of this study was to find the best amounts of Dolomite and NPK fertilizer for black soybean growth and yield on Ultisols and how Dolomite and NPK fertilizers affect each other on Ultisols. This study used a completely random design (CRD) 2 factors and 3 replicates. The first factor was Dolomite with four levels: A1 = 0 ton/ha (control), A1 = 0.5 x Al-dd, A2 = 1 x Al-dd, and A3 = 1.5 x Al-dd. The second factor was NPK fertilizer with four levels: N0 = 0 kg/ha (Control), N1 = Urea 25 kg/ha, TSP 100 kg/ha, KCL 80 kg/ha, N2 = Urea 50 kg/ha, TSP 125 kg/ha, KCL 100 kg/ha, and N3 = Urea 75 kg/ha, TSP 150 kg/ha, KCL 120 kg/ha. The collected data were statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at the 5% F level test. Research results show: 1) There is no interaction of single dose of dolomite and NPK on growth and yield of soybean Detam 4 2) Dolomite dose 1.5 times Al-dd gave the best effect on plant height and number of leaves 7 WAT and weight of 100 seeds, 3) There was no significant effect of giving NPK on soybean growth and yield except for the number of leaves 2 WAP.
Effectiveness application of fertilizer on maize: The case study of maize farmers in West Pasaman Regency
Authors: Munir Jamilah , Syahrial Syahrial , Rahmawati Yulia , Hasmi Lam , Relmayeni Willem
Published: March 2023

West Pasaman is one of the regencies in West Sumatera which is the center of maize. The aimed was to determine the income and habits of maize farmers using fertilizers, as well as the role of fertilizers and soil amendments in increasing the growth of maize crops. This research was carried out in 2 experimental stages, the first stage was farmer interviews and the second stage was a trial of fertilizer types in the field carried out in a factorial form, on various types of macro and micro fertilizers for Pioneer 32’s maize, including; Rock Phosphate (RP) (28% P2O5); Urea (46% N), Zeolite as a soil amendment and micro-fertilizers are derived from Unitas Super's Liquid Fertilizer. The comparison treatment plots, namely; 300 kg ha-1 NITROPHOSKA and 200 kg ha-1 Zeolite + 300 kg ha-1 NITROPHOSKA. The results of this comparison treatment were presented in a bar chart. The data were statistically analyzed using the F test with a significance level of 5% and further tested using an LSD level of 5%. The concluded that 50% of farmers already have incomes exceeding the Regional Minimum Wage. There were about 39% of them applied fertilizers of 300 to 450 kg ha-1, 87.5% applied a combination of Urea+ PHOSKA, 12.5% PHOSKA only, and 12.5% of farmers added SP36, for cultivation in maize. As a result of field experiments, it was determined that the most appropriate application was 50 kg ha-1 urea + 50 kg ha-1 Zeolite + 200 kg ha-1 RP fertilizer and 100 ml L-1 liquid fertilizer.
Developing determination of gamma irradiation dose to increase sugarcane growth and yield
Authors: Side Taufiq Hidayat R. , Abdurrakhman Abdurrakhman , Djumali Djumali , Herwati Anik , Yulaikah Sri , Supriyono Supriyono
Published: March 2023

Application of low radiation doses to seeds and plants can produce biostimulants so that they can increase plant growth and production. The study aimed to obtain the optimum radiation dose to obtain high sucrose content. The research was conducted at the Karangploso Research Station, Malang from October 2021 – October 2022. The research material was obtained from the first ratoon cane Bululawang variety whose seeds were irradiated in 2019. The treatments consisted of 4 radiation doses (30, 40, 50, and 60 Gy) and 1 treatment without radiation (control treatment) arranged in a randomized block design with 6 replications. The result of the study shows that plant growth (stem length and diameter, cane weight, cane per clump number) and yield component (sucrose content, sugar yield) are affected by radiation dose. The radiation dose required for the Bululawang variety to produce the highest sugar yield or increase of 0.3% without radiation is 4.7 Gy. The radiation dose required to obtain the highest sucrose content or increase of 0.45% without radiation is 5.7 Gy.
Role of seaweed extract and NPK on the growth and yield of onion (Allium wakegi L. Varaggregatum)
Authors: Yusuf Ramal , Syakur Abdul , Kalaba Yulianti , Randi Randi
Published: March 2023

Onion is one of the primary commodities of growing in Central Sulawesi and is a raw material for the fried shallot processing industry cv. lembah palu. This study aimed to determine the effect of seaweed extract and NPK on the growth and yield of the onion. This research was performed at the Faculty of Agriculture farm, Tadulako University. This research was prepared using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of seven treatments, with the following details: (A1) = Caulerpa sp Extract 100 ml/pot; (A2) = Sargassum sp Extract 100 ml/pot; (A3) = Ulva sp. Extract 100 ml/pot; (A4) = 0.25 g NPK fertilizer per plant; (A5) = 100 ml of Caulerpa sp. Seaweed Extract and 0.25 g NPK per pot; (A6) = Sargassum Sp Extract 100 ml and 0.25 g NPK per pot; (A7) = Ulva sp. Extract 100 ml and 0.25 g NPK per pot. Thus, there are seven treatments. Each treatment is repeated three times so that there are 21 experimental units. The results showed that the treatment of seaweed extract and NPK obtained better number of leaves, plant height, fresh plant weight, fresh tuber weight, plant dry weight, and number of tuber clumps.
Evaluation of Anthurium variability (Anthurium andreanum) in the F1 population
Authors: Kurniati Ridho , Suryawati Suryawati , Kartikaningrum Suskandari , Rianawati Sri
Published: March 2023

Anthurium andreanum is one of the popular flowers in the floriculture industries and the biggest cluster in the Araceae group. Genetic variabilities of Anthurium andreanum were obtained through hybridization and conventional breeding program. The study’s objective was to evaluate the morphological character variation of anthurium in the F1 population. The F1 population of anthurium crossing was used for observation and evaluation in this research. The parameter observations were the morphological character of spadix and spathe, quantitative characters comprised of spathe width and length, spadix length, and the total number of flowers per plant in the first flowering stadia. There were 77 plants in the F1 population of crossing between anthurium cv. Sempre x Alvin. The longest spadix was 4.8 cm (SA.18), the longest spathe was 8 cm (SA.19), and the widest spathe was 8.7 cm (SA.19). Average of flowers per plant in the first blooming stadia was about 2-4 flowers. Variation of morphological characteristics was obtained in F1 population evaluation in some parameters. The evaluation showed that most offspring in the F1 population were dominantly inherited from A. Sempre.
Assessment of salinity tolerance on chili pepper genotypes
Authors: Rustikawati Rustikawati , Herison C. , Sutrawati M. , Umroh D.
Published: March 2023

Population diversity is necessary in selecting salinity tolerant plants. The objective of the study was to evaluate the tolerance of chili pepper (Capsicum sp.) to salinity stress. The evaluation was carried out artificially in a greenhouse. Twenty-four accessions of chili were grown on hydroponic media with stress treatment of 3000 ppm and 6000 ppm NaCl. As a comparison, the control was planted without NaCl. Nutrients were given from the AB mix nutrient solution containing macro and micronutrients. The study used a completely randomized design with 3 replications. To evaluate the ability of the genotype to adapt to NaCl stress, the difference between control and observations at 6000 ppm NaCl stress was calculated. The results showed that the growth of chili pepper genotypes under NaCl stress varied widely. There was an interaction between the genotype and the stress level of NaCl on leaf greenness and the number of stomata. In general, the stress of 3000 ppm NaCl significantly reduced chili performance starting from 6 weeks after transplanting. The stress of 6000 ppm NaCl caused some sensitive plants to die at 8 weeks after transplanting. The tolerant genotypes at 6000 ppm NaCl stress were A10, A21, and A33.
In vitro conservation of Valeriana officinalis L. through minimal growth
Authors: Syahid Sitti Fatimah , Palindung Lusia Seti
Published: March 2023

Minimal growth storage could be utilized for in vitro plant conservation. Modifying the culture medium or the environmental condition can reduce the plant growth. The aim of the experiment is to observe the effect of macronutrients on the reduction of valerian culture This research was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory at the Indonesian Crops and Medicinal Research Institute (ISMCRI). Single axillary buds with leaves of valerian were used as explants. The treatment applied were :1) full-MS medium + 0.1 mg l-1 BAP, 2) ¾ MS + 0.1 mg l-1 BAP, 3) ½ MS + 0.1 mg l-1 BAP and, 4) ¼ MS + 0.1 mg l-1 BAP. After 12 weeks of conservation, the cultures were transferred into a plant growth regulator free-MS medium to observe their regeneration ability after the conservation. Then, the cultures were acclimatized at the greenhouse to observe their further growth. The result showed that using ¼ MS + 0.1 mg l-1 BAP was the best treatment to reduce the growth during 12 weeks of conservation. After in vitro storage, the cultures can grow normally in full strength plant growth regulator free-MS medium, which was characterized by the formation of new shoots. Valerian also produced roots in the same medium. All acclimatized plantlets were successfully established at the greenhouse.
The differences in true seed shallot nursery growth due to effect of type and thickness media
Authors: Sudarto Sudarto , Pertiwi Miranti Dian , Setiapermas Meinarti Norma , Hindarwati Yulis , Jauhari Sodiq , Beti Jajuk Aneka
Published: March 2023

Currently, botanical seeds of shallots or the true seed shallot (TSS) are becoming more accessible. The problem is that seeding botanical seeds requires the proper media to support the seeds to grow healthy and produce tubers as qualified as that from tuber seeds. The study aimed to obtain the seedling media's type and thickness to support optimal TSS growth. The study was arranged in a factorial design with two treatment factors: media type and media thickness. The environmental design is a Split Plot, with the main plot being a media type consisting of soil (soil + organic fertilizer + husk charcoal) and cocopeat (cocopeat + organic fertilizer + husk charcoal) as sub-plots is the thickness of the planting medium, with two levels of 3 and 5 cm, with five replications. The results showed that based on shoot length, stem diameter, root length, and total chlorophyll content, it was found that soil and cocopeat media with a thickness of 5 cm gave the best vegetative growth as well as the chlorophyll content compared to soil and cocopeat media with a thickness of 3 cm. The results of this study provide information that using media with a thickness of 5 cm gives better seed growth than media of 3 cm.
Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of five chili cultivars from Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Zulkarnain Z. , Eliyanti E. , Ichwan B.
Published: March 2023

Chili is an important horticultural crop which contribute substantially to the national income of Indonesia. As the demand of chili continues to increase, exploration of local superior varieties from various regions in Indonesia become one of priorities in the development of new chili cultivars. This research aimed to study morphology and phylogenetic relationship of chili cultivars from different parts of Sumatra, Indonesia. The study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture University of Jambi, from May through to November 2021. Five chili cultivars (Loker Telun Berasap and Ahang Adro from Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province, Kopay from West Sumatra Province, and Awe and Udeng from Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province) were evaluated for their morphological traits and phylogenetic relationship. The trial was arranged in a randomized block design with 5 replicates, and each replicate consisted of 5 plots. There were 25 plants in each plot, of which 8 plants were taken as samples. Qualitative and quantitative traits were observed on leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, and stem. Data were analyzed using cluster analysis method using Minitab® (Version 18) application to evaluate phylogenetic relationship among cultivars based on similarity of morphological traits. Results showed that the five chili cultivars showed variations in qualitative and quantitative traits. In addition, there are also variations in their growth and morphology. Based on cluster analysis dendrogram, it was found that Loker Telun Berasap and Ahang Adro showed differences in morphological traits from the other three cultivars. These two cultivars are, therefore, proposed to be listed for cultivar release as part of germplasm conservation program to protect local superior chili cultivar of Jambi Province.
Salad dressing soft candy made of dairy goat milk with the addition of red dragon fruit (hylocereus polyrhizuz): Nutritional content, physical and organoleptic properties
Authors: Sulistyowati E. , Ningsih R.P.A. , Trinata Y.P. , Suharyanto S. , Soetrisno E.
Published: March 2023

To modify soft candy made of dairy goat milk could be conducted by adding salad dressing consisting of mayonnaise, yogurt drinks, and red Dragon fruit. This research was carried out to evaluate its nutritional contents and physical and organoleptic properties. This study used a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. They were soft candy with 0% red Dragon fruit (T0), 30% red Dragon fruit (T1), 35% red Dragon fruit (T2), 40% red Dragon fruit (T3), and 45% red Dragon fruit (T4). Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (Anova). For any significant results (P<0.05), then further analysis was carried out using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the treatments (T3 and T4) had a significant effect (P<0.05) on organic matter, protein, and fat contents, hence, they had no significant effect (P>0.05) on moisture and dry matter contents. The physical properties study showed that the treatments had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the density yet, a significant effect (P<0.05) on the yield. The treatment increased the panelists' preference for color (5.16 – 5.51), aroma (5.15 – 5.46), taste (5.61 – 5.69), texture (5.50 – 5.74), and tenderness (5.43 –5.70). It is concluded that the soft candy with 30% red Dragon fruit is the preferred one.
Agricultural sector development strategy in enhancing local economic competitiveness in Blitar City
Authors: Suwanan Ahmad Fawaiq , Munir Syahrul , Sa'id Mochammad , Duriyyah Thoyyibatud , Rosida Tris Kamila
Published: March 2023

The success of regional development could be seen through the level of economic growth among its sectors. In case of Blitar City, although it has limited natural resources, but environmental issues and food securities were the main priorities. Agriculture, as one of the sectors with rapid growth in Blitar City, showed a positive trend which was strengthened by an increase in vegetable consumption, so that food should become the main issue in development priorities. This study aimed to map all economic sectors and formulate appropriate strategies for the agricultural sector as the main driver of food security in Blitar City. This study conducted quantitative descriptive method using secondary data in the form of GRDP in Blitar City and East Java during 2015–2021. The data analysis method combined the Location Quotient analysis, Shift Share, Klassen typology, and SWOT analysis. The results of the study indicated that although the agricultural sector was not classified as the leading sector in Blitar City, but in the economic structure it was classified as a sector that has potential and is growing rapidly. This was the first sectoral competitiveness study before and during Covid 19 pandemic in Blitar City. Considering the urgency of maintaining food security, stakeholders should enhance the urban farming system, by utilizing digital technology in the business cycle so that the value of Blitar City's competitiveness would be higher in the agricultural sector.
The effects of nano-edible coating on shelf life, physicochemical, microbial and sensory properties in food preservation and horticulture: A mini review
Authors: Saputra A. , Herpandi Herpandi , Supriadi A. , Saputra D.
Published: March 2023

Packaging with a nano-edible coating is a relatively new food preservation technique. Previous research has shown that nano-edible coating has the potential to maintain quality attributes and could extend the shelf life of food. The nano-edible coating was proven to have better capabilities than the edible coating. The structure of nanoparticles in the coating material can increase the ability of antioxidants, antibacterial, surface area, and mechanical properties to maintain the color and weight of the product. The materials used in making nano-edible coating are the safest potential and have been widely studied, namely starch-based, pectin, essential oils, honey, and chitosan. This review comprehensively describes the latest studies of functional additives and their mechanisms. In addition, this article provides insight into the potential application of the nano-edible coating in food preservation and horticulture.
Positive effect on the development regional of the Karo Regency by creative economic basic honey UMKM
Authors: Rosari Dina , Lubis Satia Negara , Rujiman Rujiman , Purwoko Agus
Published: March 2023

The tourism industry is a potential product that is seen as having an important role in national development, so it is not surprising that Indonesia pays special attention to the tourism industry. UMKM is an expected contribution from the private sector to improve the local and national economy. One of the MSMEs that deserves to be developed in the Lake Toba area is honey UMKM. Creative economy MSMEs have a great influence on regional development, especially in the empowerment of people who do not have a job. At least the individuals in the community can meet their personal needs and stay out of poverty. The role of MSMEs is to reactivate other sectors, such as distribution and transport services, production land rental services, the manufacturing industry to make production machines, the packaging industry, advertising services (advertising), the marketing and product brand design services. With the development of tourist villages in Karo Regency, it will become an attraction for domestic and foreign tourists and support creative industries in the surrounding area, such as UMKM honey. The contribution of the creative economy in the Indonesian economy and culture with socio-cultural diversity is a source of inspiration in the development of the creative economy in Indonesia. The results of honey production at Karo Regency and its partners are currently difficult to market outside North Sumatra province due to the unappealing and unhygienic quality of honey packaging and marketing patterns that are still traditionally.
Effect of partnership between producer and distributor toward partnership satisfaction (Case: Hydroponic marketing in Depok, West Java)
Authors: Rochaeni Siti , Salsabila Marwa Alya , Habibie Fadeli Muhammad
Published: March 2023

A small farmer needs more effort to sell their crop to consumers, they needed distributor to market their products, this is called a partnership relationship which is essentially a collaborative process. The farmers act as suppliers needed by partner companies. Meanwhile, the distributor helps in marketing products to the consumers. The case study in this research is a hydroponic business in Depok which is still difficult to reach its consumer market. The purpose of this study was to determine an effect satisfaction of partnership between hydroponic farmer and distributor in Depok. This research was conducted through descriptive research with a quantitative approach. Data collected was carried out by interviews and questionnaires, The data analysis tool uses a Likert Scale and the data processing was carried out using Structural Equation Modelling – Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) to determine effect of 3 independent variables: partnership sustainability (X1); collaboration sustainability (X2); commitment sustainability (X3), to 1 dependent variable: partnership satisfaction (Y). Data collection in this study was carried using nonprobability sampling technique with the saturated sample/census method because each element of the population is relatively small, due number of samples was 21 respondents who works as an employee in the company. Results showed all independent variable had a significant effect to dependent variable. This result can be explained that both partnership and collaboration allow farmer to sell harvest product more easily with a good price, while also supplier could achieve supply demand in market.
Synthesis of sucrose ester through enzymatic esterification and stability analysis as food emulsifier
Authors: Kurniasih Eka , Rahmi Rahmi , Darusman Darusman , Supardan Muhammad Dani
Published: March 2023

Sucrose ester can be synthesized enzymatically using fatty acid or fatty acid ester. The research has been carried out using methyl ester as a substrate in the synthesis of sucrose ester enzymatically. Initially, methyl ester was synthesized from crude palm kernel oil (off grade) through two-step reaction and obtained an ester content 96.5927%. Furthermore, the esterification reaction between methyl ester and sucrose was carried out using Candida antarctica as biocatalyst. This study aimed to determine the effect of reaction time and the ratio of Candida antarctica lipase on the yield of sucrose ester and to perform an emulsion stability test. The observation of esterification reaction time was carried out at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 (hours), while the ratio of Candida antarctica was carried out at 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4 and 0.5 (% w/w). The results showed that the increase in reaction time and the ratio of the lipase had an effect on increasing the yield of sucrose ester. Optimal synthesis of sucrose ester was obtained at reaction time of 10 hours and lipase enzyme ratio was 0.4% (w/w) with 90.45% of yield and emulsion stability at 487 seconds.
Effect of drying method and bad thickness on physical, chemical, and organoleptic quality of dry herbal Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves
Authors: Ella D.S. , Yuwana Y. , Silsia D.
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the drying method and bed thickness on the physical quality test (moisture content, color), chemical (ash content, flavonoids, total phenol, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, or vitamin C and antioxidant activity) and organoleptic test of Moringa leaf tea. The experimental research was a Split Plot Design with dryers as the main plot and bed thickness as a subplot. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a significant level of 5% was used to analyze the experimental data. The organoleptic scores were analyzed using the Friedman test. The ANOVA results indicated that the drying method significantly affected whereas the bed thickness did not influence the experimental parameters. The best result in terms of herbal moisture content (5.94%) and color was obtained by YSD UNIB 2022 assisted with a fan. The highest ash content was in the range of 7.78 % -7%, total phenol was 50.78 GAE/g, carotenoids content was 17, 57 mg/g, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was 117, 33%, and the strongest (antioxidant activity) was at an IC50 value of 37.85 ppm. The best (flavonoids) showed a red color on drying YSD UNIB12.
Characteristics of oleogel prepared from red palm oil using hybrid oleogelator
Authors: Pakpahan Novriaman , Maryati Sri , Susanti Desi
Published: March 2023

The combination of oleogelators had potential to exploit synergistic effects that contributed to functionality of oleogel. Red palm oil provided high carotenoids which add nutrition to oleogel. This research is aimed to provide high carotenoids oleogel using oleogelators combinations. Stability, oil binding capacity, hardness, thermal profile and total carotenoid were observed to learn oleogelator effect. This study was designed using a factorial completely randomized design consisting of three factors, are concentrations of ethyl cellulose (Ec), monoglycerol stearate (Ms) and beeswax (Bw). Ethyl cellulose concentrations are 1%; 2% and 4%, monoglycerol stearate concentrations are 4% and 6% and beeswax concentrations are 2% and 4%. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (p=0,05). Results showed that low oleogel concentrations produced unstable oleogels and it was obtained stability at a certain ++concentration limit. Each oleogel concentration had significant effect on oil-holding capacity, hardness, and total carotene, but had no significant effect on melting point. Oleogelator interaction had significant effect on total carotene, but did not significantly affect on hardness and oil-holding capacity. Oleogelator formulations Ec1%-Ms4%-Bw2%, Ec1%-Ms6%-Bw2% and Ec2%-Ms4%-Bw2% had hardness values that were close to margarine, but these formulations are not stable. Melting point is temperature range of 38.15-43.17 oC and is close to melting point of margarine sample of 40.44 oC. Some oleogel formulations had characteristics that are close to margarine samples such as melting point and hardness, but improving oleogel stability was essential to studying further.
Cassava as a local material source for some types of food products
Authors: Wulandari Sri , Alami Ericha Nurvia , Khamidah Aniswatul , Rizal Afrizal Malik , Purbiati Titiek , Yustina Ita
Published: March 2023

The issue of the threat of a world food crisis in 2023 requires all countries to be able to meet their food needs independently. Indonesia has a fairly high dependence on wheat because so far wheat is widely used by the Indonesian people as raw materials for various food products. The world food crisis can cause a spike in wheat prices and restrictions on wheat imports. This paper discussed the potential of cassava local food in replacing wheat in terms of the shelf life and variety of uses of cassava flour, and the nutritional value and preferences of cassava products. In this research, cassava was processed into an intermediate product, namely flour, and the finished product i.e., Brownies, Sponge Rolls, Pandan cookies, Choco cookies, Samiler, Rengginang. The results showed that cassava flour has the chemical characteristics of water content 10.745%, protein 0.2%, fat 0.36%, carbohydrates 88.605%, ash 0.09%, color dimensions with a value of a (red/green) = 1.4; b (yellow/blue) = 8.3; L (brightness) = 89.30. Cassava Products had higher protein were cake. Cassava products had higher carbohydrates were Samiler and Rengginang crackers. While cassava products with high fat were found in the cookies. The preference for fresh cassava products, namely samiler and rengginang, was higher than processed products made from cassava flour, namely brownies, roll cakes, pandan cookies and choco cookies.
Utilization of cassava (Manihot esculenta) as alternative local food source supporting food diversification in North Maluku
Authors: Hidayat Y. , Saleh Y. , Cahyaningrum H. , Hadiarto A.
Published: March 2023

Cassava is a food commodity widely cultivated and developed in North Maluku based on local wisdom, which is essential in supporting food security. This study aims to conduct an inventory and determine the use of cassava as an alternative food source in North Maluku. Inventory and characterization of activities carried out from March to December 2019. The method used was descriptive exploration with surveys, field observations, and interviews. The inventory results showed that North Maluku has the potential of cassava as a source of carbohydrates and alternative food to reduce dependence on people's rice consumption. A large amount of cassava production supports the possibility of providing local non-rice food sources in North Maluku. In addition, there were 13 local cassava accessions identified. Processed cassava into other food products had added value and encouraged increased consumption of this commodity as a non-rice local food commodity of strategic value. The government plays an essential role in the food diversification program to increase public awareness of consuming non-rice local food such as cassava. Kasbi sago is one of the typically processed cassava products and is widely consumed by the people of North Maluku.
Oil palm contribution to sdgs achievement: A case study in main oil palm producing provinces in Indonesia
Authors: Alamsyah Zulkifli , Mara Armen , Rayesa Neza Fadia , Hamid Ernawati , Yanita Mirawati , Fauzia Gina , Napitupulu Dompak M. T.
Published: March 2023

The development of oil palm plantations and their production is not only expected to generate foreign exchange for the country, but it is also expected to have a positive impact on the social and economic development of the community, which must be in line with the sustainable development goals (SDGs). The development of oil palm plantations that involves the people through the Nucleus Estate and Smallholder (NES or PIR) Scheme with its various variations has several weaknesses that are detrimental to farmers, causing various conflicts and weaken farmers’ bargaining position, unclear determination of plantation development costs and unclear criteria in determining the quality and price of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) produced by farmers. This study aims to study whether oil palm development is able to improve socio-economic conditions of the people in Indonesia, mainly in main oil palm producing provinces in accordance with the SDGs targets, including no poverty (Goal-1), reduced inequality (Goal-10), and good health and wellbeing (Goal-3). The research was carried out on a national level, especially in oil palm producing provinces in Indonesia. The data used are time series data for the period of 1990 to 2020. The analysis model used is a regression model where oil palm area as an independent variable and the SDGs indicators as dependent variables. The results showed that oil palm development could significantly reduce the number of poor people in both rural and urban areas, had not been able to reduce income inequality even in 4 provinces significantly increased income inequality, and had no effect on improving people’s health and wellbeing based on the human development index.
Sensory characteristics ofbungong kayee(traditional Acehnese cake) as a local food enrichment
Authors: Maryati Sri , Triandita Nanda , Angraeni Lia , Anggriawin Mirza
Published: March 2023

Bungong kayee is a traditional Acehnese cake which has a distinctive shape like leaves arranged to form a flower with a crunchy texture, has a white bone color to pale yellow. This color is obtained from the cooking process with oil using low heat so that it has a color almost the same as the cork egg cake. This study aims to determine the level of panelists' preferences for Acehnese traditional cakes in terms of sensory assessment in increasing the added value of local food. The sample used in this study is bongong kayee. Sample testing was carried out 3 times with different production times. The interval between production for sample testing is 1 week. The difference in production time is used to see the stability of the preference of the panelists for the sensory test of bungong kayee which remains the same or constant. Sensory evaluation used the hedonic scale 5 method with 35 panelists aged between 20-23 years from Teuku Umar University students, for the 3 test parameters were color, taste and texture. In the three productions the color values ranged from 4.40 to 4.51 (likes) while the hedonic test color values ranged from 5.11 to 4.29 (likes) from the three productions. And the hedonic texture test scores range from 4.26 to 4.69 (rather like). Based on the sensory test, the three test parameters namely color, taste and texture, overall the panelists preferred the bungong kayee cake in the third production compared to the first and second productions.
Human-Elephant conflict and their mitigation techniques in Pinggir District, Bengkalis Regency
Authors: Yoza Defri , Saputra Rachmad , Pebriandi Pebriandi
Published: March 2023

Conflict between elephants and humans occurs almost every year in Pinggir District, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. This study aims to determine the characteristics of Human-Elephant conflict in Pinggir District, Bengkalis Regency and its mitigation techniques. Data collection was carried out by purposive sampling. Purposive sampling was conducted by interviewing respondents who had experienced conflicts with elephants. Based on the interviews results, the Human-Elephant conflict occur almost every year where in the 2000s there were many conflicts between elephants and humans and now in 2021 and 2022 there is a decline in elephant-human conflicts. This is because the elephants in Pinggir District have moved to other locations such as the Giam Siak Kecil enclave. The results of the interview also informed that only certain locations experienced conflict between elephants and humans, especially the paths that were often traversed by elephants. Mitigation techniques that are mostly done by the community in dealing with conflicts with elephants are the sounds of using firecrackers and cannons, evictions and gardening by the community and making elephant trenches for people who have strong capital.