bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Data-Efficient Graph Learning
Authors: Ju Wei , Yi Siyu , Wang Yifan , Long Qingqing , Luo Junyu , Xiao Zhiping , Zhang Ming
Published: July 2024

Graph-structured data, prevalent in domains ranging from social networks to biochemical analysis, serve as the foundation for diverse real-world systems. While graph neural networks demonstrate proficiency in modeling this type of data, their success is often reliant on significant amounts of labeled data, posing a challenge in practical scenarios with limited annotation resources. To tackle this problem, tremendous efforts have been devoted to enhancing graph machine learning performance under low-resource settings by exploring various approaches to minimal supervision. In this paper, we introduce a novel concept of Data-Efficient Graph Learning (DEGL) as a research frontier, and present the first survey that summarizes the current progress of DEGL. We initiate by highlighting the challenges inherent in training models with large labeled data, paving the way for our exploration into DEGL. Next, we systematically review recent advances on this topic from several key aspects, including self-supervised graph learning, semi-supervised graph learning, and few-shot graph learning. Also, we state promising directions for future research, contributing to the evolution of graph machine learning.
Budget Feasible Mechanisms: A Survey
Authors: Liu Xiang , Chan Hau , Li Minming , Wu Weiwei
Published: July 2024

In recent decades, the design of budget feasible mechanisms for a wide range of procurement auction settings has received significant attention in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) community.

These procurement auction settings have practical applications in various domains such as federated learning, crowdsensing, edge computing, and resource allocation. In a basic procurement auction setting of these domains, a buyer with a limited budget is tasked with procuring items (\eg, goods or services) from strategic sellers, who have private information on the true costs of their items and incentives to misrepresent their items' true costs.

The primary goal of budget feasible mechanisms is to elicit the true costs from sellers and determine items to procure from sellers to maximize the buyer valuation function for the items and ensure that the total payment to the sellers is no more than the budget. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive overview of key procurement auction settings and results of budget feasible mechanisms. We provide several promising future research directions.
Supervised Algorithmic Fairness in Distribution Shifts: A Survey
Authors: Shao Minglai , Li Dong , Zhao Chen , Wu Xintao , Lin Yujie , Tian Qin
Published: July 2024

Supervised fairness-aware machine learning under distribution shifts is an emerging field that addresses the challenge of maintaining equitable and unbiased predictions when faced with changes in data distributions from source to target domains.

In real-world applications, machine learning models are often trained on a specific dataset but deployed in environments where the data distribution may shift over time due to various factors. This shift can lead to unfair predictions, disproportionately affecting certain groups characterized by sensitive attributes, such as race and gender. In this survey, we provide a summary of various types of distribution shifts and comprehensively investigate existing methods based on these shifts, highlighting six commonly used approaches in the literature. Additionally, this survey lists publicly available datasets and evaluation metrics for empirical studies. We further explore the interconnection with related research fields, discuss the significant challenges, and identify potential directions for future studies.
A Survey on Rank Aggregation
Authors: Wang Siyi , Deng Qi , Feng Shiwei , Zhang Hong , Liang Chao
Published: July 2024

Rank aggregation (RA), the technique of combining multiple basic rankings into a consensus one, plays an important role in social choices, bioinformatics, information retrieval, metasearch, and recommendation systems. Although recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in RA, the absence of a systematic overview motivates us to conduct a comprehensive survey including both classic algorithms and the latest advances in RA study. Specifically, we first discuss the challenges of RA research, then present a systematic review with a fine-grained taxonomy to introduce representative algorithms in unsupervised RA, supervised RA, as well as the previously overlooked semi-supervised RA. Within each category, we not only summarize the common ideas of similar methods, but also discuss their strengths and weaknesses. Particularly, to investigate the performance difference of different types of RA methods, we conduct the largest scale of comparative evaluation to date of 27 RA methods on 7 public datasets from person re-identification, recommendation systems, bioinformatics and social choices. Finally, we raise two open questions in the current RA research and make our comments about future trends in the context of the latest research progress.
A Survey on Efficient Federated Learning Methods for Foundation Model Training
Authors: Woisetschläger Herbert , Erben Alexander , Wang Shiqiang , Mayer Ruben , Jacobsen Hans-Arno
Published: July 2024

Federated Learning (FL) has become an established technique to facilitate privacy-preserving collaborative training across a multitude of clients. However, new approaches to FL often discuss their contributions involving small deep-learning models only and focus on training full models on clients. In the wake of Foundation Models (FM), the reality is different for many deep learning applications. Typically, FMs have already been pre-trained across a wide variety of tasks and can be fine-tuned to specific downstream tasks over significantly smaller datasets than required for full model training. However, access to such datasets is often challenging. By its design, FL can help to open data silos. With this survey, we introduce a novel taxonomy focused on computational and communication efficiency, the vital elements to make use of FMs in FL systems. We discuss the benefits and drawbacks of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) for FL applications, elaborate on the readiness of FL frameworks to work with FMs and provide future research opportunities on how to evaluate generative models in FL as well as the interplay of privacy and PEFT.
Selective Learning for Sample-Efficient Training in Multi-Agent Sparse Reward Tasks (Extended Abstract)
Authors: Chen Xinning , Liu Xuan , Ba Yanwen , Zhang Shigeng , Ding Bo , Li Kenli
Published: July 2024

Learning effective strategies in sparse reward tasks is one of the fundamental challenges in reinforcement learning. This becomes extremely difficult in multi-agent environments, as the concurrent learning of multiple agents induces the non-stationarity problem and a sharply increased joint state space. Existing works have attempted to promote multi-agent cooperation through experience sharing. However, learning from a large collection of shared experiences is inefficient as there are only a few high-value states in sparse reward tasks, which may instead lead to the curse of dimensionality in large-scale multi-agent systems. This paper focuses on sparse-reward multi-agent cooperative tasks and proposes an effective experience-sharing method, Multi-Agent Selective Learning (MASL), to boost sample-efficient training by reusing valuable experiences from other agents. MASL adopts a retrogression-based selection method to identify high-value traces of agents from the team rewards, based on which some recall traces are generated and shared among agents to motivate effective exploration. Moreover, MASL selectively considers information from other agents to cope with the non-stationarity issue while enabling efficient training for large-scale agents. Experimental results show that MASL significantly improves sample efficiency compared with state-of-the-art MARL algorithms in cooperative tasks with sparse rewards.
The Information Retrieval Experiment Platform (Extended Abstract)
Authors: Fröbe Maik , Reimer Jan Heinrich , MacAvaney Sean , Deckers Niklas , Reich Simon , Bevendorff Janek , Stein Benno , Hagen Matthias , Potthast Martin
Published: July 2024

We have built TIREx, the information retrieval experiment platform, to promote standardized, reproducible, scalable, and blinded retrieval experiments. Standardization is achieved through integration with PyTerrier's interfaces and compatibility with ir_datasets and ir_measures. Reproducibility and scalability are based on the underlying TIRA framework, which runs dockerized software in a cloud-native execution environment. Using Docker images of 50 standard retrieval approaches, we evaluated all of them on 32 tasks (i.e., 1,600 runs) in less than a week on a midsize cluster (1,620 CPU cores and 24 GPUs), demonstrating multi-task scalability. Importantly, TIRA also enables blind evaluation of AI experiments, as the test data can be hidden from public access and the tested approaches run in a sandbox that prevents data leaks. Keeping the test data hidden from public access ensures that it cannot be used by third parties for LLM training, preventing future training-test leaks.
Improving Adversarial Robustness via Feature Pattern Consistency Constraint
Authors: Hu Jiacong , Ye Jingwen , Feng Zunlei , Yang Jiazhen , Liu Shunyu , Yu Xiaotian , Jia Lingxiang , Song Mingli
Published: July 2024

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are well-known for their vulnerability to adversarial attacks, posing significant security concerns. In response to these threats, various defense methods have emerged to bolster the model's robustness. However, most existing methods either focus on learning from adversarial perturbations, leading to overfitting to the adversarial examples, or aim to eliminate such perturbations during inference, inevitably increasing computational burdens. Conversely, clean training, which strengthens the model's robustness by relying solely on clean examples, can address the aforementioned issues. In this paper, we align with this methodological stream and enhance its generalizability to unknown adversarial examples. This enhancement is achieved by scrutinizing the behavior of latent features within the network. Recognizing that a correct prediction relies on the correctness of the latent feature's pattern, we introduce a novel and effective Feature Pattern Consistency Constraint (FPCC) method to reinforce the latent feature's capacity to maintain the correct feature pattern. Specifically, we propose Spatial-wise Feature Modification and Channel-wise Feature Selection to enhance latent features. Subsequently, we employ the Pattern Consistency Loss to constrain the similarity between the feature pattern of the latent features and the correct feature pattern. Our experiments demonstrate that the FPCC method empowers latent features to uphold correct feature patterns even in the face of adversarial examples, resulting in inherent adversarial robustness surpassing state-of-the-art models.
Methods for recovering conditional independence graphs (Abstract Reprint)
Authors: Shrivastava Harsh , Chajewska Urszula
Published: July 2024

Conditional Independence (CI) graphs are a type of probabilistic graphical models that are primarily used to gain insights about feature relationships. Each edge represents the partial correlation between the connected features which gives information about their direct dependence. In this survey, we list out different methods and study the advances in techniques developed to recover CI graphs. We cover traditional optimization methods as well as recently developed deep learning architectures along with their recommended implementations . To facilitate wider adoption, we include preliminaries that consolidate associated operations, for example techniques to obtain covariance matrix for mixed datatypes.

Keywords: Conditional Independence Graphs, Probabilistic Graphical Models, Graphical Lasso, Deep Learning, Optimization
Causal Graph Modeling with Deep Neural Engines for Strong Abstract Reasoning in Language and Vision
Authors: Gendron Gaël
Published: July 2024

Deep learning (DL) relies on discovering correlation patterns in low-level data and aggregating the information to solve a task. Despite success in a wide variety of applications, ranging from natural language to vision tasks, the learned patterns are often brittle and do not transfer out of the training data distribution (i.e. to different domains). Causality theory proposes methods to discover and estimate cause-effect relationships beyond correlations. Its powerful inference frameworks have been recently highlighted as a potential way to improve the lack of out-of-distribution generalisation in deep neural networks. However, their applications to deep learning problems remain largely under-explored. Our work attempts to bridge this gap and apply causal graphical models to abstract and causal reasoning problems in natural language and vision, requiring strong generalisation abilities beyond correlations. We integrate causal graph modelling methods into deep vision networks and Large Language Models to improve their capacity to perform strong and out-of-distribution reasoning on complex abstract problems.
Cooperation and Fairness in Systems of Indirect Reciprocity
Authors: Smit Martin
Published: July 2024

Across disciplines, cooperation is a fundamental research topic. While socially desirable to a population, it often bears a cost to the individual who, in their own self-interest, rationally chooses not to engage in costly cooperation. As such, much work has been done in understanding the biological mechanisms behind cooperation in human and animal populations. In my PhD project, I develop and apply these mechanisms both to artificial multi-agent systems and real social systems. I examine how factors such as agent heterogeneity and different learning algorithms affect not only the level of cooperation within a system, but also the level of fairness in the distribution of payoffs. In previous work, I showed how the effectiveness of the social norm-based mechanism of indirect reciprocity is affected when in-group biased cooperation is present. Beyond my future work on online platforms, I also plan to explore the effects of space, gossip, and partial and subjective observations to widen the potential scope of applications.
Deep Learning with Requirements in the Real World
Authors: Stoian Mihaela C.
Published: July 2024

Deep learning models have repeatedly shown their strengths in various application domains. However, their predictions often struggle to meet background knowledge requirements, which is a crucial condition for safety-critical systems. My research focuses on integrating requirements into neural networks to guide the learning process and ultimately produce outputs that ensure the requirements' satisfaction. Here, I will discuss my proposed methods in the context of two real-world applications: tabular data generation and autonomous driving.
Eliminating the Cross-Domain Misalignment in Text-guided Image Inpainting
Authors: Huang Muqi , Wang Chaoyue , Luo Yong , Zhang Lefei
Published: July 2024

Text-guided image inpainting has rapidly garnered prominence as a task in user-directed image synthesis, aiming to complete the occluded image regions following the textual prompt provided. However, current methods usually grapple with issues arising from the disparity between low-level pixel data and high-level semantic descriptions, which results in inpainted sections not harmonizing with the original image (either structurally or texturally). In this study, we introduce a Structure-Aware Inpainting Learning scheme and an Asymmetric Cross Domain Attention to address these cross-domain misalignment challenges. The proposed structure-aware learning scheme employs features of an intermediate modality as structure guidance to bridge the gap between text information and low-level pixels. Meanwhile, asymmetric cross-domain attention enhances the texture consistency between inpainted and unmasked regions. Our experiments show exceptional performance on leading datasets such as MS-COCO and Open Images, surpassing state-of-the-art text-guided image inpainting methods. Code is released at: https://github.com/MucciH/ECDM-inpainting
Bio-inspired Dynamic and Decentralized Online Learning in Uninformed Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Environments
Authors: Sylvester Angel
Published: July 2024

Dynamic adaptation and learning, akin to natural organisms, is crucial for robots operating in real-world scenarios like search and rescue missions. We propose a solution combining intuition from embodied evolution and Bayes theory to promote flexible exploration in foraging tasks. Our investigation focuses on three main areas: 1) leveraging communication and prior knowledge to develop adaptable strategies in agent groups, 2) addressing challenges from sparse rewards or limited data availability, and 3) developing methods for concurrent evaluation and training in a single iteration, filling a current gap in learning-based solutions. Future directions include exploring decentralized coordination among agents and incorporating assistance based on prospective memory and altruism in multi-agent reinforcement learning.
Human-AI Interaction Generation: A Connective Lens for Generative AI and Procedural Content Generation
Authors: Guzdial Matthew
Published: July 2024

Generative AI has recently gained popularity as a paradigm for content generation. In this paper, we link this paradigm to an older one: Procedural Content Generation (PCG). We propose a lens to identify the commonalities between both paradigms that we call human-AI interactive generation. Using this lens, we identify three beneficial attributes then survey recent related work and summarize relevant findings.
A Little of That Human Touch: Achieving Human-Centric Explainable AI via Argumentation
Authors: Rago Antonio
Published: July 2024

As data-driven AI models achieve unprecedented feats across previously unthinkable tasks, the diminishing levels of interpretability of their increasingly complex architectures can often be sidelined in place of performance. If we are to comprehend and trust these AI models as they advance, it is clear that symbolic methods, given their unparalleled strengths in knowledge representation and reasoning, can play an important role in explaining AI models. In this paper, I discuss some of the ways in which one branch of such methods, computational argumentation, given its human-like nature, can be used to tackle this problem. I first outline a general paradigm for this area of explainable AI, before detailing a prominent methodology therein which we have pioneered. I then illustrate how this approach has been put into practice with diverse AI models and types of explanations, before looking ahead to challenges, future work and the outlook in this field.
Production of industrial-interest colorants in microalgae and cyanobacteria: leveraging nutrient dynamics and photoperiod optimization
Authors: Contreras-Ropero Jefferson E. , Barajas-Solano Andrés F. , García-Martínez Janet B. , Barajas-Ferrerira Crisostomo , Machuca-Martínez Fiderman
Published: July 2024

La exploración de la biodiversidad de cianobacterias y microalgas es muy prometedora para la obtención de pigmentos de interés industrial. Este estudio se centra en la bioprospección de estos organismos para obtener pigmentos de interés industrial junto con biomasa enriquecida. Investigamos el impacto del fotoperiodo y la concentración de fuentes de nutrientes C/N/P en cultivos heterótrofos, controlando variables específicas como la intensidad luminosa, volumen, pH, temperatura, flujo de aire y tiempo para la producción de ficobiliproteínas en Arthrospira sp.y carotenoides totales en Scenedesmus sp. Empleando un diseño Plackett‒Burman no factorial en el software STATISTICA 7.0. La concentración de biomasa fue determinada por peso seco, mientras que la concentración de ficocianinas y carotenoides fueron determinadas espectrofotométricamente a longitudes de onda específicas. Los cultivos heterótrofos demostraron una productividad superior, alcanzando las ficocianinas y los carotenoides porcentajes del 7% y el 0,4% (% p/p) respectivamente, y un notable valor R2 de 0,99. Entre los parámetros influyentes, el difosfato potásico y el bicarbonato sódico desempeñaron papeles fundamentales en la deposición final de carotenoides y ficocianinas, respectivamente, alcanzando concentraciones de 96,5 mg/L de ficocianinas y 6,5 mg/L de carotenoides.
Editorial
Authors: Henao Restrepo Darío
Published: July 2024

Ilustran en esta ocasión laportada y las páginas interiores los dibujos de Gerardo López Caicedo.Darío Henao Restrepo
Director
Aprendizaje en la práctica, gasto público y crecimiento económico: un modelo a la matsuyama-barro
Authors: Ortiz Quevedo Carlos Humberto
Published: July 2024

El aprendizaje en la práctica y las externalidades del gasto público han sido reconocidos como importantes factores del crecimiento económico de largo plazo. Pero no se ha analizado su interacción. Este artículo procura llenar este vacío combinando los enfoques de Matsuyama (1991) y Barro (1990). En el modelo resultante la industrialización se relaciona directamente con el crecimiento económico. Se muestra la posibilidad de que el Estado induzca la industrialización tanto en una economía cerrada como en una economía abierta utilizando una política fiscal óptima y mejorando su eficiencia. También existe espacio para una política industrial que lleve a una asignación óptima de los recursos; pero esta posibilidad es obviamente contradictoria con una apertura comercial que induzca la desindustrialización de la economía.
Desarrollo sostenible y sus indicadoes
Authors: Arias Fabio
Published: July 2024

En este trabajo se hace una revisión exhaustiva de los enfoques conceptuales de desarrollo sostenible y de los principales indicadores de medición de cada uno de ellos. Esta revisión avanza sobre otras pues considera el enfoque del desarrollo humano sostenible e incorpora indicadores que han tomado relevancia en los últimos años, como el ahorro neto ajustado, planeta vivo, entre otros.
El reconocimiento de sí mismo en los militantes del M-19
Authors: Luna Benítez Mario
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo ofrece una serie de reflexiones sobre el tipo de reconocimiento que de sí mismos tienen ex militantes del antiguo movimiento guerrillero M-19 y muestra que no existe entre ellos una imagen homogénea y estable derivada de su participación en la acción armada y política del grupo.
Las visitas domiciliarias femeninas en Colombia. Del trabajo voluntario a su profesionalización
Authors: Castro Carvajal Beatriz
Published: July 2024

El modelo de las visitas domiciliarias fue acogido en Colombia en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, pero las mujeres entran a participar de forma regular a principios del siglo XX a través de la creación de asociaciones. Fue la entrada al trabajo voluntario de las mujeres. Posteriormente este modelo en donde la presencia femenina aumentó, se va a profesionalizar creando las primeras escuelas de servicio social y más tarde los programas profesionales de trabajo social en Colombia. Este artículo trata de dar cuenta de este proceso.
La distribución del territorio antioqueño entre grupos armados ilegales: un modelo de estabilidad territorial y valoración estratégica
Authors: Jiménez Restrepo Diana Marcela
Published: July 2024

Las características geográficas juegan un papel importante en las decisiones sobre localización que deben tomar los actores del conflicto armado: grupos ilegales, fuerzas regulares y población civil. En este caso, se propone un modelo de estabilidad territorial y un índice de valoración estratégica, desarrollados bajo la metodología de las redes y aplicados a zonas rurales del departamento de Antioquia para hallar los núcleos de acción – territorios estables – de las FARC, ELN y Paramilitares, descubriendo el perfil de características geográficas y de entorno óptimas para cada grupo ilegal. Por último, se halla la distribución del territorio antioqueño entre los agentes armados ilegales.
Jóvenes entre la violencia y la búsqueda de la paz
Authors: Solarte Castro Lina
Published: July 2024

Mediante un estudio retrospectivo con cuatro conjuntos de jóvenes, en condiciones socioeconómicas similares (hombres y mujeres), se busca detectar rasgos coincidentes y divergentes, en la reconstrucción de sus trayectorias de vida. Se pretende hacer una aproximación a la comprensión de la lógica social y motivacional que lleva a estos jóvenes a tomar caminos diferentes, entre la violencia y la sana convivencia.
La relación política entre el Estado y los grupos económicos del sector industrial, durante el primer gobierno de Carlos Menem en la Argentina (1989-1995)
Authors: Fair Hernán
Published: July 2024

Durante el gobierno de Carlos Menem, se llevó a cabo un proceso de transformación estructural que profundizó en la aplicación de un modelo de acumulación pro-mercado, iniciado a mediados de los años ´70. Partiendo de un marco macroeconómico global con eje en un abordaje teórico de matriz discursiva, el objetivo general de este trabajo consiste en analizar la relación política establecida entre el Estado y los grupos económicos vinculados al sector industrial. Más específicamente, se propone indagar en las diversas modalidades de intervención estatal y sus efectos correlativos en las transformaciones ideológicas y socioeconómicas de la cúpula empresarial industrial, durante el primer gobierno menemista (1989-1995), intentando dilucidar su vinculación con el proceso de legitimación política de las reformas neoliberales desarrolladas durante esa etapa.
Condiciones Socio-laborales de trabajadores colombianos en España: entre la segmentación y la precariedad
Authors: Bedoya Bedoya María Rocío
Published: July 2024

El propósito de este artículo es responder a la pregunta sobre las condiciones socios laborales de trabajadores colombianos que llegaron España en 2007 a través de la política de contingentes. Se argumenta que las teorías de la segmentación de los mercados de trabajo y de la regulación aportan elementos explicativos del paro, la temporalidad y la precariedad en el trabajo. Contrastadas las entrevistas realizadas con los enfoques teóricos propuestos, concluimos que en el contexto de la globalización económica se privilegia la competencia internacional de las economías de mercado, en la que tiene lugar el fenómeno de las migraciones, cuya principal causa de movilidad humana es de origen económico. Se destacan el deterioro, la precarización y la feminización de los flujos migratorios, como características actuales de los trabajadores que llegan a España a través de la política de contingentes.
Narrando el dolor y luchando contra el olvido en Colombia. Recuperación y trámite institucional de las heridas de la guerra
Authors: Jaramillo Marín Jefferson
Published: July 2024

El artículo analiza distintas experiencias de recuperación y trámite institucional de las heridas de la guerra colombiana. Su objetivo es identificar cómo, en algunas coyunturas de la historia nacional, se crean “comisiones de estudio de la violencia” que permiten, de una parte, la reconstrucción histórica de las causas, evolución y consecuencias del conflicto armado, y de otra, la producción de memorias del desangre y narrativas contra el olvido. A lo largo del texto, destacamos varias de estas experiencias, las cuales tienen lugar entre 1958 y 2006 en medio de una “guerra sin transición”. Luego, identificamos las dimensiones centrales que están involucradas en la recuperación de la memoria histórica en el proceso de Justicia y Paz, en particular, el trabajo del Área de Memoria Histórica.
Regalo y dinero en la unión conyugal. Una exploración en Cali
Authors: Pineda Duque Javier
Published: July 2024

La obra del profesor Pedro Quintín aborda de manera fresca y rigurosa la dinámica de los hogares constituidos por parejas heterosexuales en esta ciudad, a partir de temas que han sido de gran interés para las ciencias sociales y en especial para el pensamiento feminista. La sistematización de la información cualitativa sobre las 24 parejas de las tres condiciones socioeconómicas, le permite analizar las dinámicas en aspectos relevantes en la literatura sobre el tema, como la distribución del tiempo de trabajo doméstico y la toma de decisiones en los hogares, el manejo del dinero y las responsabilidades financieras y la percepción de la calidad de la relación de pareja.
Una etnología de Argelia: primera incursión sociológica de Pierre Bourd
Authors: Quintín Quílez Pedro
Published: July 2024

Una etnología de Argelia: primera incursión sociológica de Pierre Bourd
Las redes del conflicto: el caso del Valle del Cauca
Authors: Castillo María del Pilar
Published: July 2024

Este artículo tiene como objetivo aplicar la metodología de la teoría de grafos, para analizar el conflicto en el Valle del Cauca en el periodo 1998-2003. El ejercicio metodológico busca estudiar las organizaciones armadas como estructuras de red que interactúan a nivel local con efectos globales y que definen los estados de los lugares (nodos) que hacen parte de ellas. Los resultados muestran que la evolución de las organizaciones armadas depende de sus interrelaciones locales y esto determina, a su vez, sus preferencias de ubicación.
Gaya Bahasa Kiasan Tokoh Betsuyaku Hiroka pada Film Ryū to Sobakasu no Hime
Authors: Dewi Ni Kadek Annora , Meidariani Ni Wayan
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan gaya bahasa kiasan oleh tokoh Betsuyaku Hiroka pada film Ryū to Sobakasu no Hime karya Mamoru Hosoda. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik simak catat. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori gaya bahasa Gorys Keraf. Sumber dari penelitian ini berupa film Ryū to Sobakasu no Hime karya Mamoru Hosoda yang berdurasi 2 jam 1 menit 15 detik. Hasil dari penelitian didapatkan bahwasannya terdapat 5 jenis gaya bahasa kiasan yang digunakan tokoh Betsuyaku Hiroka diantaranya 1) Persamaan atau simile, 2) Ironi, 3) Sinisme, 4) Sarkasme, 5) Inuendo. Bentuk gaya bahasa kiasan yang paling banyak digunakan oleh tokoh Betsuyaku Hiroka adalah sinisme. Penggunaan gaya bahasa kiasan sinisme tersebut untuk merendahkan, mengkritik maupun mengolok-olok fisik, sikap dan pemikiran dari lawan bicara.
Kata kunci: film; gaya bahasa; kiasan; stilistika.
Net load forecasting method in distribution grid planning based on LSTM network
Authors: Yuan Ye , Yuan Xinping , Wang Haiyan , Tang Ming , Li Mengyu
Published: July 2024

Distribution grid planning involves multiple nodes, lines, equipment, and other elements. Due to the large scale of the system, there are complex interactions in space. The net load is affected by the load changes of different nodes. If this spatial complexity is not fully considered, the net load prediction results may be inaccurate. Therefore, in order to ensure the effect of net load forecasting, a method of net load forecasting in distribution grid planning based on the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network is proposed. This method fully considers the characteristics of distribution grid planning and constructs a net load forecasting model for distribution grid planning based on the LSTM network. This model selects the 3σ criterion detects and corrects the singular values in the historical load data, and obtains the reasonable maximum time series results of each day; The adaptive noise complete set empirical mode decomposition method is used to decompose the sequence results and generates Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) components of each time series; According to the component results, a load forecasting model based on LSTM network is constructed, and the initial learning rate and cell number parameters of LSTM network are optimized by improving the Pelican optimization algorithm to improve the precision of load forecasting of LSTM network. The test results show that the method can detect singular values in the data and weaken the impact of grid planning on netload forecasting; It can effectively complete the decomposition of historical load data, and each component after decomposition will not be aliased; The prediction error of net load is less than 1.25%, which can provide a reliable basis for grid planning of distribution network.
Combined pterional burr hole and coagulation of middle meningeal artery for chronic subdural hematoma
Authors: Cardoso Erico R. , Abbas Radwa , Stone Emily M. , Patel Shivali
Published: July 2024

Background:

There are many surgical techniques to treat chronic subdural hematomas (CSHs). However, they all have high recurrence rates. Recently, embolization of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) following surgical evacuation of CSH has reduced the recurrence rate. We investigated the feasibility of combining the surgical obliteration of the MMA at the same time as the placement of a burr hole for evacuation of the CSH.

Case Description:

We report on nine patients who underwent 11 of these combined procedure by the same surgeon in two hospitals, including clinical data and images during the perioperative and postoperative periods. Cardoso had previously reported details of the surgical technique. Two patients underwent bilateral procedures. Two patients had two burr holes because the hematomas did not extend caudally to the pterion, where the MMA enters the calvarium. Intraoperative fluoroscopy was used to locate the point of entry of the MMA into the calvarium in most cases, except in two instances when navigation was utilized.

Conclusion:

This small series of nine cases suggests the feasibility of using this combined procedure as an additional option to the treatment of CSHs, especially where endovascular treatment might not be readily available. Furthermore, it has the potential advantages of safety, efficacy, avoidance of a second endovascular procedure, faster disappearance of the subdural collection, lesser exposure to radiation, and cost containment. Larger prospective controlled series are needed to identify its potential usefulness.
Mosquito vectors of yellow fever virus in areas of epidemiological risk in northeastern Argentina
Authors: Lizuain Arturo A. , Muttis Evangelina , Leporace Marina , Cano María E. , Acardi Soraya , Sánchez Gavier Francisco , Ayala Mahia M. , Brividoro Melina V. , Marti Gerardo A. , Micieli María V. , Manteca-Acosta Mariana
Published: July 2024

Due to several epizootic events between 2020 and 2021 in the south of Brazil near the border with Argentina, we performed mosquito surveys in areas of epidemiological risk in northeast Argentina to evaluate abundance and distributions of mosquito vectors from the yellow fever virus (YFV) (Diptera: Culicidae). For the most abundant species, the number of individuals captured per collector was evaluated based on the capturing time range. With a total sampling effort of 191 collector-hours, we captured 676 mosquitoes belonging to 6 genera and 16 species. The most abundant species were Aedes (Ochlerotatus) scapularis (Rondani) (33.58%), Sabethes (Sabethes) albiprivus Theobald (20.27%), Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) (17.75%) and Haemagogus (Conopostegus) leucocelaenus (Dyar and Shannon) (15.86%). Sabethes albiprivus and Ae. albopictus showed activity peaks at noon and morning, respectively, while other species showed no important time differences between 10:00AM and 15:00PM. Our results show that the most abundant mosquito species in those environments with epidemiological risk in northern Corrientes and southern Misiones are categorized as important in the transmission of the YFV. Moreover, we report an expansion of Ae. albopictus distribution and the first record of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) patersoni Shannon and Del Ponte in Corrientes and Misiones provinces.
BITTER PRUT LESSON
Authors: Волков В.А.
Published: July 2024

В статье рассматриваются военные аспекты самого авантюрного и дерзкого предприятия царя Петра I — Прутского похода 1711 г. Военная кампания 1711 г. стала центральным событием Русско-турецкой войны 1710–1713 гг. Прутский поход, закончившийся неудачей, привел не только к поражению России в войне с османами, но и к потере достигнутых в ходе Азовской кампании 1795–1796 гг. результатов. В статье дан краткий анализ причин объявления Турцией войны России в 1710 г., рассмотрена дипломатическая подготовка российской стороны к войне, в том числе намерения привлечь к участию в ней господаря Валахии Константина Брынковяну и польского короля Августа II; раскрыты особенности ведения боевых действий русской армией в Дунайских княжествах, в частности в сражении у селения Станилешти; раскрыты причины неудачи кампании 1711 г. и заключения по ее итогам мирного договора.

The article deals with the military aspects of the most adventurous and daring enterprise of Tsar Peter I — the Prut campaign of 1711. The military campaign of 1711 became the central event of the Russian-Turkish war of 1710–1713. The Prut campaign, which ended in failure, led not only to the defeat of Russia in the war with the Ottomans in 1710–1713, but also to the loss of previously achieved results during the Azov campaigns of 1795–1796. The article gives a brief analysis of the reasons for the declaration of war by Turkey against Russia in 1710. Considers the diplomatic preparation of the Russian side for the war, including the intention to involve the ruler of Wallachia Konstantin Brynkovyan and the Polish king Augustus II in it. Reveals the features of the conduct of hostilities by the Russian army in the Danubian principalities, including in the battle near the village of Stanileshti, the reasons for the failure of the 1711 campaign and the conclusion of a peace treaty as a result of it are revealed.
THE BELARUSSIAN ISSUE IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE WESTERN DEPARTMENTS OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL-DEMOCRATIC PARTY IN 1905–1918
Authors: Лавринович Д.С.
Published: July 2024

Конституционные демократы рассматривали белорусов как часть большого русского народа, но готовы были признать особенности в областном устройстве белорусско-литовских губерний. Они отвергли притязания отдельных польских политиков на белорусские земли, восстановление границ Речи Посполитой 1772 г. В 1917 г. местные конституционные демократы по ряду программных вопросов были радикальнее своего ЦК, допуская областную автономию Белоруссии, при условии одобрения общероссийского Учредительного собрания. В марте 1918 г. минские кадеты признали Белорусскую Народную Республику, но затем выступили против разрыва связей с Россией.

The constitutional democrats did not regard the Belarusians as a special nation, distinct from the Russians, but were prepared to recognize the particularities in the regional structure of the North-Western region. They rejected the claims of certain Polish politicians to the Belarusian lands and the restoration of the Commonwealth of Poland borders in 1772. In 1917, the local constitutional democrats were more radical than the Central Committee on a number of policy issues, allowing regional autonomy for Belarus with the approval of the all-Russian Constituent Assembly. In March 1918, the Minsk cadets recognized the Belarussian People’s Republic, but then opposed breaking ties with Russia.
MODERN HISTORIOGRAPHY ON THE RELATIONSHIPS OF NICHOLAS II AND STOLYPIN
Authors: Селезнев Ф.А.
Published: July 2024

Николай II возвысил Столыпина как решительного борца с дореволюционным движением. Поначалу император был очень доволен им. Но затем между царем и председателем Совета министров стали возникать конфликты. Цель автора выяснить, в чем современная историография видит их причины. В статье приводятся разные точки зрения на природу и серьезность этих конфликтов. Отмечается, что большинство из них было вызвано попытками П. А. Столыпина расширить полномочия председателя Совета министров. Столыпин фактически взял в свои руки назначение на министерские посты, являвшееся исключительным правом монарха. Кроме того, Столыпин поддерживал попытки Государственной думы усилить контроль над оборонной сферой, что вызывало недовольство Николая II. Несмотря на эти конфликты, Столыпин, по мнению многих авторов, до самой гибели сохранял доверие царя. Однако в историографии существует и противоположная точка зрения. Приводятся аргументы авторов, занимающих обе позиции.

Nicholas II elevated Stolypin as a resolute fighter against the revolutionary movement. At first, the emperor was very pleased with him. But then conflicts began to arise between the tsar and the chairman of the Council of Ministers. The author’s goal is to find out what modern historiography sees as their causes. The article presents different points f view on the nature and severity of these conflicts. It is noted that most of them were caused by P. A. Stolypin’s attempts to expand the powers of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers. Stolypin actually took into his own hands the appointment to ministerial posts, which was the exclusive right of the monarch. In addition, Stolypin supported the attempts of the State Duma to strengthen control over the defense sector, which displeased Nicholas II. Despite these conflicts, Stolypin, according to many authors, retained the tsar’s trust until his death. However, there is also an opposite point of view in historiography. The arguments of the authors who occupy both positions are given.
ДИСКУССИИ О ВВЕДЕНИИ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО ЦЕНЗА В ЗЕМСКОЕ ИЗБИРАТЕЛЬНОЕ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВО РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ В НАЧАЛЕ ХХ в.
Authors: Сорокин А.А.
Published: July 2024

Статья посвящена рассмотрению ранее не изученных в исторической науке дискуссий о введении образовательного ценза в земское избирательное законодательство Российской империи. На примере документов (журналов и протоколов заседаний, докладов и записок) уездных и губернских комитетов Особого совещания о нуждах сельскохозяйственной промышленности, работавших в земских губерниях в 1902–1903 гг., показаны основные подходы к этому вопросу. Выделяются следующие мотивы концепций введения образовательного ценза для участия в выборах: повышение квалификационного уровня земских гласных; расширение числа избирателей за счет использования образовательного ценза как альтернативы имущественному (земельному); введение в состав земства сельской интеллигенции при расширении крестьянского представительства; использование как одного из важнейших элементов избирательного права при формировании представительных (распорядительных) органов проектируемых мелких земских единиц (волостного земства). Рассматривается содержание дискуссий по этим вопросам в местных комитетах. Показываются принятые уездными и губернскими комитетами решения о возможности введения образовательного ценза в земское избирательное законодательство.

The article is devoted to the consideration of previously unexplored discussions in historical science about the introduction of an educational qualification in the zemstvo electoral legislation of the Russian Empire. On the example of documents (journals and minutes of meetings, reports and notes) of the county and provincial committees of a Special Meeting on the needs of the agricultural industry, working in the zemstvo provinces in 1902–1903, the main established approaches to this issue are shown. The following motives of the concepts of introducing an educational qualification for participation in elections are highlighted: improving the qualification level of zemstvo vowels; expanding the number of voters through the use of an educational qualification as an alternative to property (land); introducing rural intelligentsia into the zemstvo with the expansion of peasant representation; using as one of the most important elements of electoral law in the formation of representative (administrative) bodies of projected small zemstvo units (volost zemstvo). The content of discussions on these issues in local committees is considered. The decisions taken by the county and provincial committees on the possibility of introducing an educational qualification into the zemstvo electoral legislation are shown.
THE CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTIONS AND THEIR PREVENTION METHODS IN THE IDEAS OF I. A. KAPODISTRIAS
Authors: Чернов А.В.
Published: July 2024

В статье рассматривается восприятие революций, их причин и методов их предотвращения известным российским дипломатом и греческим государственным деятелем И. А. Каподистрией. Выявляются ключевые факторы, оказавшие влияние на формирование данных представлений. Проясняются взгляды Каподистрии на причины складывания революционных ситуаций, в первую очередь в постнаполеоновский период. Особое внимание уделяется представлениям дипломата о мерах по предотвращению революционных выступлений и месту его проекта «всеобщего союза» среди этих мер. Рассмотрены попытки реализовать этот проект на конгрессах великих держав в Аахене и в Троппау-Лайбахе, а также причины провала этой попытки. Анализируются представления Каподистрии об особом характере греческой революции 1821 г. Рассмотрены его взгляды на мифологему о всеобщем заговоре революционеров.

The article focuses on the perception of the revolutions, their causes and prevention methods by the famous Russian diplomat and Greek statesman I. A. Kapodistria. The author reveals the key factors that influenced the formation of these ideas. The author also clarifies Kapodistria’s views on the reasons for the development of revolutionary situations primarily in the post-Napoleonic period. Special attention is paid to the diplomat’s ideas about the measures to prevent the revolutionary uprisings and the place of his “general union” project among these measures. The author identifies the attempts to implement this project at the congresses of the great powers in Aachen and Troppau-Laibach, as well as the reasons for the failure of this attempt. The author analyzes the ideas of I. A. Kapodistrias about the special nature of the Greek revolution of 1821 and considers the views of a diplomat on the mythologeme “about the general conspiracy of the revolutionaries”.