bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ideophones and (non-)arbitrariness in the K’iche’ poetry of Humberto Ak’abal
Authors: Barrett Rusty
Published: October 2014

This paper examines the ways in which Ak’abal uses K’iche’ ideophones and arbitrariness to highlight differences between Mayan languages and Spanish. This paper focuses on Ak’abal’s sound poems constructed through the use of K’iche’ ideophones, primarily onomatopoetic forms representing natural phenomena such as animal sounds, the movement of water, and sounds associated with weather. Ak’abal often treats non-onomatopoetic words (such as the names of birds) as ideophones, suggesting a direct (unmediated) relationship between K’iche’ signs and the natural elements of the environment. These uses of ideophones allow Ak’abal to position Mayan languages and literature as spiritually connected to the environment, in sharp contrast to the environmental destructiveness he associates with Spanish and Ladino cultural dominance in Guatemala.
Ideophones in Vladimir Mayakovsky’s work
Authors: Lahti Katherine
Published: October 2014

The Russian poet Vladimir Mayakovsky used ideophones to create meaning. In fact Mayakovsky constantly used ideophones in his poetic
expression, part and parcel of the emphasis on sound in his poetry. In the 1910s he worked alongside the Moscow Linguistic Circle.
To the end of his life in 1930 (due to suicide) the poet remained close friends with the important linguist Roman Jakobson. There
is no doubt that his association with linguists led to Mayakovsky’s paying more attention to verbal form in his work; in
particular, his use of ideophones is remarkable.
Ideophones, rhemes, interpretants
Authors: Sicoli Mark A.
Published: October 2014

This commentary considers the depictive quality of ideophones within the context of a general semiotic. I seek to expand the limited uptake of iconicity in linguistic theory from a resemblance between sign and object along Peirce’s second trichotomy (icon, index, symbol) to discuss iconicity from the often overlooked perspective of Peirce’s third trichotomy (rheme, dicent, argument). I examine ideophones as semiotic rhemes that affect iconic interpretants and suggest this shift in understanding iconicity unites lexical iconicity with depictive processes in interaction more generally, and beyond this with other rhematic linguistic signs. These parallels are illustrated by two examples of the expressive use of pitch, and throughout the discussion by reference to how the work of the authors of the present Special Issue help free a theory of iconicity from the bonds of it being considered a fixed, lexical relationship, to rather theorize iconicity as a poetic achievement designed for an interpreter’s active reception.
Femininity in mixed-sex talk and intercultural communication
Authors: Itakura Hiroko
Published: October 2014

Previous studies of language and gender discuss how men and women use gender-specific conversational styles mainly in relation to English, whereas similar studies for Asian languages remain comparatively few. Moreover, little is known about gender and conversational styles during intercultural communication. This paper explores whether speakers follow similar norms of politeness in mixed-sex talk in their L1 and in intercultural conversations in L2 English, and if femininities are modified, what factors may be involved. It reports findings from a case study of a Japanese female’s conversations with a Japanese male in Japanese and with three male L2 English speakers. It suggests that femininities might be modified to become more ‘immodest’ in English due to factors such as speakers’ varying level of adherence to native cultural norms in L1 and in L2 contexts and the male interlocutors’ ethnicity. For example, female speakers who adhere to native cultural norms in L1 conversations may see L2 intercultural contexts as opportunities to create non-traditional femininities, especially when there is no male interlocutor with shared ethnicity. The construction of L2 femininities may also be shaped by linguistic factors such as L2 proficiency or systemic differences between the two languages.
Comparative Bioenergetics Modeling of Two Lake Trout Morphotypes
Authors: Kepler Megan V. , Wagner Tyler , Sweka John A.
Published: October 2014

Efforts to restore Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush in the Laurentian Great Lakes have been hampered for decades by several factors, including overfishing and invasive species (e.g., parasitism by Sea Lampreys Petromyzon marinus and reproductive deficiencies associated with consumption of Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus). Restoration efforts are complicated by the presence of multiple body forms (i.e., morphotypes) of Lake Trout that differ in habitat utilization, prey consumption, lipid storage, and spawning preferences. Bioenergetics models constitute one tool that is used to help inform management and restoration decisions; however, bioenergetic differences among morphotypes have not been evaluated. The goal of this research was to investigate bioenergetic differences between two actively stocked morphotypes: lean and humper Lake Trout. We measured consumption and respiration rates across a wide range of temperatures (4–22°C) and size‐classes (5–100 g) to develop bioenergetics models for juvenile Lake Trout. Bayesian estimation was used so that uncertainty could be propagated through final growth predictions. Differences between morphotypes were minimal, but when present, the differences were temperature and weight dependent. Basal respiration did not differ between morphotypes at any temperature or size‐class. When growth and consumption differed between morphotypes, the differences were not consistent across the size ranges tested. Management scenarios utilizing the temperatures presently found in the Great Lakes (e.g., predicted growth at an average temperature of 11.7°C and 14.4°C during a 30‐d period) demonstrated no difference in growth between the two morphotypes. Due to a lack of consistent differences between lean and humper Lake Trout, we developed a model that combined data from both morphotypes. The combined model yielded results similar to those of the morphotype‐specific models, suggesting that accounting for morphotype differences may not be necessary in bioenergetics modeling of lean and humper Lake Trout.

Received January 6, 2014; accepted August 5, 2014
System leaders using assessment for learning as both the change and the change process: developing theory from practice
Authors: Davies Anne , Busick Kathy , Herbst Sandra , Sherman Ann
Published: October 2014

Many schools and school systems have been deliberately working towards full implementation of Assessment for Learning for more than a decade, yet success has been elusive. Using a leader%s implementation of Assessment for Learning in one school as an illustration, this article examines eight positional leaders’ experiences as they implemented both the ‘spirit and the letter’ of Assessment for Learning at all levels. This longitudinal qualitative research study draws on the experiences of leaders from Alberta, British Columbia, Germany, Georgia, Hawai'i, Manitoba, New Zealand and Ontario. The authors identify five findings that show how positional leaders use Assessment for Learning as the focus for system‐wide change, as well as the change process itself.
Some personal and historical notes on the utility of “deep-etch” electron microscopy for making cell structure/function correlations
Authors: Heuser John E.
Published: October 2014

This brief essay talks up the advantages of metal replicas for electron microscopy and explains why they are still the best way to image frozen cells in the electron microscope. Then it explains our approach to freezing, namely the Van Harreveld trick of “slamming” living cells onto a supercold block of metal sprayed with liquid helium at −269ºC, and further talks up this slamming over the alternative of high-pressure freezing, which is much trickier but enjoys greater favor at the moment. This leads me to bemoan the fact that there are not more young investigators today who want to get their hands on electron microscopes and use our approach to get the most “true to life” views of cells out of them with a minimum of hassle. Finally, it ends with a few perspectives on my own career and concludes that, personally, I'm permanently stuck with the view of the “founding fathers” that cell ultrastructure will ultimately display and explain all of cell function, or as Palade said in his Nobel lecture,electron micrographs are “irresistible and half transparent … their meaning buried under only a few years of work,” and “reasonable working hypotheses are already suggested by the ultrastructural organization itself.”
A Different Voice, A Different Song
Authors: Bithell Caroline
Published: October 2014

This book explores the history and significance of the natural voice movement and its culture of open-access community choirs, weekend workshops, and summer camps. Founded on the premise that “everyone can sing”, the movement is distinguished from other choral movements by its emphasis on oral transmission and its eclectic repertoire of songs from across the globe. First, the book reveals how and why songs from non-Western and folk traditions inform the movement’s ideological, methodological, and ethical principles and contribute to the rewards—social, psychological, and existential, as well as musical—reported by participants. Second, it argues that the UK-based Natural Voice Practitioners’ Network, built on the pioneering work of English folksinger Frankie Armstrong, has become a major player in the democratisation of singing and represents a powerful force for community building and for facilitating intercultural understanding. Third, it suggests that the natural voice phenomenon poses a significant challenge to assumptions about musical competency and training that underpin music education in Britain and other Western societies. Among the book’s most striking revelations is the extent to which amateur and aspiring singers who are not musically literate, and who may belong to socially marginalised groups, become competent participants in a vibrant musical community and, in the process, find their voice metaphorically as well as literally. These trends are theorised in terms of the politics of participation, the transformative potential of performance, building social capital, the global village, and reclaiming the arts of celebration and conviviality.
Semiclassical Mechanics with Molecular Applications
Authors: Child M. S.
Published: October 2014

Semiclassical mechanics, which stems from the old quantum theory, has seen a remarkable revival in recent years as a physically intuitive and computationally accurate scheme for the interpretation of modern experiments. The main text concentrates less on the mathematical foundations than on the global influence of the classical phase space structures on the quantum mechanical observables. Further mathematical detail is contained in the appendices. Worked problem sets are included as an aid to the student. One important thread concerns the sharp separation between quantum interference in the classically accessible phase space and exponential decay into the inaccessible shadow regions. Another is the use of catastrophe theory to eliminate singularities at the classical boundaries between the two types of region. The theory goes on to show how different parts of the wavefunction may be stitched together to obtain accurate quantization formulae for a wide variety of tunnelling and curve-crossing problems. A careful account of classical angle–action transformations is extended to include the evaluation of matrix elements. A variety of extensions of the familiar spectroscopic RKR inversion procedure are given. It is also shown how bifurcations in the phase space structure signal changes in the quantum eigenvalue spectrum from, for example, normal mode to local mode behaviour. Other quantization techniques are shown to extend even to weakly chaotic systems. A chapter on Gaussian wavepacket propagation leads up to the currently popular Herman–Kluk technique. The book concludes with chapters on semiclassical aspects of elastic, inelastic and reactive scattering.
Introduction
Authors: Child M. S.
Published: October 2014

This chapter introduces the influence of classical boundaries between quantum interference and exponential decay, and to the use of catastrophe theory to eliminate semiclassical singularities at the boundary. Modern developments are set in a historical perspective by particular reference to Bohr–Sommerfeld quantization, curve-crossing theory, rainbow scattering, RKR inversion, the classical S matrix and the use of Poincaré sections to analyse the motions of coupled bound states. The final section outlines the scope and organization of the text.
Angle–action variables
Authors: Child M. S.
Published: October 2014

Although there is no rigorous unitary transformation from Cartesian (p,q) to angle–action (I,α) variables, the actions are related to the quantum numbers by the Bohr correspondence, I = (n+δ)ℏ, while the angles determine approximate semiclassical wavefunctions of the form φn(α)=(2π)−1/2exp(inα) for all systems. The necessary transformations between (p,q) and (I,α) are derived for harmonic and morse oscillators, angular momentum and the hydrogen atom, in forms consistent with quantum mechanical phase conventions. Implications are drawn for the quantization of asymmetric tops and for the rich pattern of rotational level splittings of semi-rigid octahedral tops. The chapter concludes with the surprising recent finding that there can be no global angle–action system in the presence of an isolated fixed point of the Hamiltonian. The influence of the resulting ‘quantum monodromy’ on the characteristic level structure of quasi-linear molecules is described.
What Is It Like to Be an Emerging Adult?
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen
Published: October 2014

This chapter presents profiles of four diverse emerging adults, age 21–27. Two are male and two are female, two are White and two are members of ethnic minorities, two are college graduates and two are not, and the four of them grew up in several different parts of the United States. Although the persons in the profiles are diverse, they were not chosen to be representative of all persons in the original study, much less all persons in their twenties. Rather, the persons in the profiles were chosen because they exemplify the five features that define emerging adulthood as a distinct life stage: identity explorations, instability, self-focus, feeling in-between, and a sense of possibilities. The profiles presented in this chapter will serve to illustrate the essential characteristics of emerging adulthood described in Chapter 1, by connecting them to the real lives of emerging adults.
Beyond Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen
Published: October 2014

This chapter focuses on the transition from emerging adulthood to the next stage of life. First there is a look at how adulthood has been defined in traditional cultures and in the past in American history. Then research is presented showing how emerging adults today define adulthood and assess their own progress toward adult status. Next, emerging adults reflect on their mixed feelings about leaving adolescence; from the perspective of emerging adulthood, it seems like an easier time. Then they describe their mixed feelings about becoming adults; from the perspective of emerging adulthood, reaching adulthood promises stability but inspires fears of stagnation. Finally, the chapter examines their views of the future, and how they foresee a happy and successful life for themselves even as they believe the world in general is fraught with peril.
Nursery areas and recruitment variation of Northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus)
Authors: Jansen Teunis , Kristensen Kasper , van der Kooij Jeroen , Post Søren , Campbell Andrew , Utne Kjell Rong , Carrera Pablo , Jacobsen Jan Arge , Gudmundssdottir Asta , Roel Beatriz A. , Hatfield Emma M. C.
Published: October 2014

There are currently no dedicated recruitment survey data available in support of the assessment of the abundance and distribution of Northeast Atlantic (NEA) mackerel (Scomber scombrus), one of the most widespread and commercially important fish stocks in the North Atlantic. This is despite the fact that an estimate of recruitment is an important requirement for the provision of advice to fishery managers. The work here addresses this by compiling catch rates of juvenile mackerel from bottom-trawl surveys conducted between October and March during 1998–2012 and applying a log Gaussian Cox (LGC) process geostatistical model incorporating spatio-temporal correlations. A statistically significant correlation between the modelled catch rates in adjacent quarters 4 and 1 (Q4 and Q1) demonstrates that bottom-trawl surveys in winter are an appropriate platform for sampling juvenile mackerel, and that the LCG model is successful in extracting a population abundance signal from the data. In this regard, the model performed appreciably better than a more commonly used raising algorithm based on survey swept-area estimates. Therefore, the LCG model was expanded to include data from the entire survey time-series, and a recruitment index was developed for use in the annual ICES stock assessment. We hypothesize that catchability is positively density-dependant and provides supporting evidence from acoustic observations. Various density-dependant transformations of the modelled catch rates were furthermore found to improve the correlation between the derived annual recruitment index and recruitment estimated by backcalculation of adult mackerel data. Square root transformation led to the strongest correlation, so this is recommended for further analysis of mackerel abundance. Finally, we provide maps of spatial distributions, showing that the most important nursery areas are around Ireland, north and west of Scotland, in the northern North Sea north of 59°N and, to some extent, also in the Bay of Biscay.
Properties of small-scale magnetism of stellar atmospheres
Authors: Steiner Oskar , Salhab René , Freytag Bernd , Rajaguru Paul , Schaffenberger Werner , Steffen Matthias
Published: October 2014

The magnetic field outside of sunspots is concentrated in the intergranular space, where it forms a delicate filigree of bright ribbons and dots as seen on broad band images of the Sun. We expect this small-scale magnetic field to exhibit a similar behavior in stellar atmospheres. In order to find out more about it, we perform numerical simulations of the surface layers of stellar atmospheres. Here, we report on preliminary results from simulations in the range between 4000 K and 6500 K effective temperature with an initial vertical, homogeneous magnetic field of 50 G strength. We find that the field strength of the strongest magnetic flux concentrations increases with decreasing effective temperature at the height level where the average Rosseland optical depth is one. On the other hand, at the same level, the field is less strong than the thermal equipartition value in the coolest model but assumes superequipartition in the models hotter than 5000 K. While the Wilson depression of the strongest field concentrations is about one pressure scale height in the coolest model, it is more than four times the pressure scale height in the hottest one. We also find that the relative contribution of the bright filigree to the bolometric, vertically directed radiative intensity is most significant for the Teff = 5000 K model (0.6%–0.79%) and least significant for the hottest and coolest models (0.1%–0.46% and 0.14%–0.32%, respectively). This behavior suggests that the effect of the small-scale magnetic field on the photometric variability is more significant for K dwarf stars than for F-type and also M-type stars.
On the plasma flow inside magnetic tornadoes on the Sun
Authors: Wedemeyer Sven , Steiner Oskar
Published: October 2014

High-resolution observations with the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST) and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) reveal rotating magnetic field structures that extend from the solar surface into the chromosphere and the corona. These so-called magnetic tornadoes are primarily detected as rings or spirals of rotating plasma in the Ca ii 854.2 nm line core (also known as chromospheric swirls). Detailed numerical simulations show that the observed chromospheric plasma motion is caused by the rotation of magnetic field structures, which again are driven by photospheric vortex flows at their footpoints. Under the right conditions, two vortex flow systems are stacked on top of each other. We refer to the lower vortex, which extends from the low photosphere into the convection zone, as intergranular vortex flow (IVF). Once a magnetic field structure is co-located with an IVF, the rotation is mediated into the upper atmospheric layers and an atmospheric vortex flow (AVF, or magnetic tornado) is generated. In contrast to the recent work by Shelyag et al. (2013, ApJ, 776, L4), we demonstrate that particle trajectories in a simulated magnetic tornado indeed follow spirals and argue that the properties of the trajectories decisively depend on the location in the atmosphere and the strength of the magnetic field.
Crystal structure of dichlorido(2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine-κ3N,N′,N′′)zinc: a redetermination
Authors: Kong Cheng-Cheng , Zhou Jia-Zheng , Yu Jian-Hua , Li Sheng-Li
Published: October 2014

The crystal structure of the title compound, [ZnCl2(C15H11N3)], was redetermined based on modern CCD data. In comparison with the previous determination from photographic film data [Corbridge & Cox (1956).J. Chem. Soc.159, 594–603; Einstein & Penfold (1966).Acta Cryst.20, 924–926], all non-H atoms were refined with anisotropic displacement parameters, leading to a much higher precision in terms of bond lengths and angles [e.g.Zn—Cl = 2.2684 (8) and 2.2883 (11) compared to 2.25 (1) and 2.27 (1) Å]. In the title molecule, the ZnIIatom is five-coordinated in a distorted square-pyramidal mode by two Cl atoms and by the three N atoms from the 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine ligand. The latter is not planar and shows dihedral angles between the least-squares planes of the central pyridine ring and the terminal rings of 3.18 (8) and 6.36 (9)°. The molecules in the crystal structure pack with π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.655 (2) Å] between pyridine rings of neighbouring terpyridine moieties. These, together with intermolecular C—H...Cl interactions, stablize the three-dimensional structure.
Crystal structure of 4-methyl-7-propoxy-2H-chromen-2-one
Authors: Estrada-Soto Samuel , Sánchez-Recillas Amanda , Navarrete-Vázquez Gabriel , Tlahuext Hugo
Published: October 2014

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C13H14O3, contains two independent molecules,AandB, that are interconnected through an offset π–π interaction [inter-centroid separation = 3.6087 (4) Å]. The fused benzene and pyran-2-one rings in each molecule are essentially coplanar, having dihedral angles of 1.22 (12) and 1.57 (12)° for moleculesAandB, respectively. Similarly, the coumarin ring system and the 7-propoxy substituent are close to being coplanar [C—C—O—C torsion angles = 2.9 (2) and 1.4 (2)° for moleculesAandB, respectively]. In the crystal, the molecules are connected by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming supramolecular tapes along [100] that are linked into a three-dimensional network by C—H...π interactions, as well as by the aforementioned π–π interactions.
Some more space-group corrections
Authors: Henling Lawrence M. , Marsh Richard E.
Published: October 2014

A survey of approximately 100 000 entries in recent releases of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) has uncovered 156 crystal structures that were apparently described in inappropriate space groups. We have revised these space groups and prepared CIFs containing the new coordinates and brief comments describing the revisions.
2-Ethylsulfanyl-7-(furan-2-yl)-4-(thiophen-2-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine: π-stacked chains of hydrogen-bondedR22(10) dimers
Authors: Insuasty Henry , Insuasty Braulio , Castro Edison , Cobo Justo , Glidewell Christopher
Published: October 2014

In the title compound, C15H12N4OS2, the bond distances in the fused heterocyclic system show evidence for aromatic-type delocalization in the pyrazole ring with some bond fixation in the triazine ring. The thiophenyl substituent is slightly disordered over two sets of atomic sites having occupancies of 0.934 (4) and 0.066 (4). The non-H atoms in the entire molecule are nearly coplanar, with the planes of the furanyl substituent and the major orientation of the thiophenyl substituent making dihedral angles of 5.72 (17) and 1.8 (3)°, respectively, with that of the fused ring system. Molecules are linked into centrosymmetricR22(10) dimers by C—H...O hydrogen bonds and these dimers are further linked into chains by a single π–π stacking interaction. Comparisons are made with some related 4,7-diaryl-2-(ethylsulfanyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazines which contain variously substituted aryl groups in place of the furanyl and thiophenyl substituents in the title compound.
Accounting standards convergence dynamics
Authors: Apergis Nicholas , Christou Christina , Hassapis Christis
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– This paper aims to explore convergence of accounting standards across worldwide adopted measures to investigate whether countries that have not completely adopted International Accounting Standards across the globe have displayed a tendency to act so.

Design/methodology/approach

– The new panel convergence methodology, developed by Phillips and Sul (2007), is employed.

Findings

– The empirical findings suggest that countries form distinct convergent clubs, albeit on a limited prevalence, yielding support to the notion that on a global basis firms and countries have initiated processes that will eventually lead them to a uniform pattern of employing common accounting standards.

Practical implications

– These findings have substantial implications on a firm level, mainly for differences in accounting quality as well as for differences in their cost of capital, thus leading the regulatory authorities to opt for further improvements in financial reporting.

Originality/value

– The novelties of this paper first, stem from the fact that it is the first time in the relevant literature that an empirical study attempts to formally measure whether the accounting world exhibits a tendency for accounting standards convergence or whether tactics and policies remain stagnant, acquiring drastic policy measures to speed up the convergence process. In addition, this study employs the implementation of the new methodology of panel convergence testing. This methodology has several appealing characteristics.
Enhancing lecture presentation through tablet technology
Authors: Malin Mirela
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to describe a simple approach available to corporate finance instructors to enhance the lecture delivery through the use of “digital ink” and tablet technology, to increase engagement during the lecture and enhance the classroom experience.

Design/methodology/approach

– The purpose of this paper is to describe a simple approach available to corporate finance instructors to enhance the lecture delivery through the use of “digital ink” and tablet technology, to increase engagement during the lecture and enhance the classroom experience.

Findings

– Positive student satisfaction was documented with the majority of students finding that the new method of teaching has helped with their learning. While there was no substantial difference in the overall mean exam scores compared to previous teaching periods, there was an improvement in the ability of students to identify and summarise the different theories.

Originality/value

– Technology has created both a progress and a decline in helping students learn. The original blackboard method of instruction was considered outdated when PowerPoint presentations became the main method of lecture delivery. However, the ability of instructors to work through problems progressively can be diminished in slide presentations. This paper shows how technology has facilitated a shift back towards the original “chalk and talk” method of lecture delivery, where the “chalk” has been replaced with “digital ink” in an attempt to reinvigorate slide presentations and actively engage students more during the lecture.
dSPACE implementation of cascaded H-bridge inverter for harmonics minimization using artificial-intelligence
Authors: Mahajan Vasundhara , Agarwal Pramod , Om Gupta Hari
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The active power filter with two-level inverter needs a high-rating coupling transformer for high-power applications. This complicates the control and system becomes bulky and expensive. The purpose of this paper is to motivate the use of multilevel inverter as harmonic filter, which eliminates the coupling transformer and allows direct control of the power circuit. The advancement in artificial intelligence (AI) for computation is explored for controller design.

Design/methodology/approach

– The proposed scheme has a five-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMLI) as a harmonic filter. The control scheme includes one neural network controller and two fuzzy logic-based controllers for harmonic extraction, dc capacitor voltage balancing, and compensating current adjustment, respectively. The topology is modeled in MATLAB/SIMULINK and implemented using dSPACE DS1103 interface for experimentation.

Findings

– The exhaustive simulation and experimental results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed topology and controllers for harmonic minimization for RL/RC load and change in load. The comparison between traditional PI controller and proposed AI-based controller is presented. It indicates that the AI-based controller is fast, dynamic, and adaptive to accommodate the changes in load. The total harmonic distortion obtained by applying AI-based controllers are well within the IEEE519 std. limits.

Originality/value

– The simulation of high-power, medium-voltage system is presented and a downscaled prototype is designed and developed for implementation. The laboratory module of CHBMLI-based harmonic filter and AI-based controllers modeled in SIMULINK is executed using dSPACE DS1103 interface through real time workshop.
Dynamic electromechanical eddy current force modeling
Authors: Paudel Nirmal , Paul Subhra , Z. Bird Jonathan
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to validate dynamic analytic force modeling techniques with experimental results. The performance of previously presented 2-D and 3-D eddy current models will be assessed when the steady-state models are coupled to a dynamic mechanical model.

Design/methodology/approach

– The previously presented 2-D analytic model was formulated in terms of the magnetic vector potential in conductive region and magnetic scalar potential in non-conductive region whereas the 3-D model was formulated in terms of the magnetic vector potential in both the conductive and non-conductive regions.

Findings

– This paper experimentally confirms that incorporating the heave velocity term is important for accurately predicting the forces under dynamic mechanical motion while using a steady-state eddy current solution. A close agreement between the experimental and the dynamic analytic-based eddy current solution was achieved.

Research limitations/implications

– The force results presented from the previously developed 3-D analytic model assume that the width of the guideway is larger than that of the magnetic source and the magnetic source is placed at the center of the guideway along the z-axis.

Practical implications

– The rotational and translational motion of a permanent magnet rotor above a conductive plate create lift and thrust force that are suitable for magnetic levitated (maglev) transportation. The previously developed 2-D and 3-D analytic models are fundamental to such maglev research as the models can quickly compute the electromagnetic forces acting on the maglev vehicle. This paper is of immense importance as the paper experimentally validates the analytic models.

Originality/value

– The quasi-static analytic eddy current force models that are validated in this paper are different to analogous models developed by prior authors in that the heave velocity as well as the translational velocity of a magnetic source is incorporated into the eddy current force equation.
Optimized designing of a patch phased array with a MoM-solver
Authors: Wang Yuanhao , Berens Michael , Nietsch Alexander , John Werner , Mathis Wolfgang
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present an optimization process for the design of a 2×2 patch antenna phased array with application for an UHF RFID system.

Design/methodology/approach

– The optimization process is based on a method of moment (MoM)-solver, which was individually made to create such patch antenna phased arrays and simulate the radiated field pattern. In combination with this MoM-solver, a GUI, which gives the opportunity to change every physical antenna factor and create the antenna structure within a few minutes is presented. Furthermore the golden section search method is used to produce an even better solution in a more efficient way compared to the first attempt. After the simulation, different types of presentation of results can be chosen for a fast and easy optimization.

Findings

– The design process is discussed while the authors try to optimize the distance between the elements and the difference of input phase for each patch element. The final goal is to create an antenna with maximum directivity and coverage of field pattern.

Practical implications

– A physical implementation of an optimized patch antenna phased array and the results of measurement are presented in the end.

Originality/value

– An optimization process for the design of a 2×2 patch antenna phased array with application for an UHF RFID system is presented. Furthermore the golden section search method is combined with the design process to increase the accuracy of the solution and decrease the time effort.
Comparison of classic and optimization approach to active power filters sizing and placement
Authors: Lewandowski Michal , Walczak Janusz
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– In most applications the active power filters (APFs) are used to reduce harmonic distortion of a nonlinear load which is located near the APF installation point. This classic approach allows to reduce the distortion introduced to the power system but do not guarantee that the cost of the APFs installation is optimal. The purpose of this paper is to compare the classic approach to harmonic compensation with an optimization method of sizing and placement of the APFs in an existing distributed power network.

Design/methodology/approach

– An exemplary real-life power system with distributed nonlinear loads was modeled using PCFLO power analysis software. Next, Matlab was used to implement the classic method and the optimization algorithm. Between Matlab and PCFLO a specially written Java middleware was used to provide a seamless workflow integration.

Findings

– It was shown that the presented optimization method may lead to superior results in comparison with the classic approach. Simulation results clearly showed that the APFs installation cost can be significantly reduced when the optimization algorithm is used. Moreover, the proposed optimization method can overcome some problems connected with the nonlinearity and discontinuity of the APF's price/current function.

Research limitations/implications

– There are two main limitations of the presented method. First, the method needs much more computing power then the classic approach. Second, according to the authors’ knowledge, currently there are no commercially available APFs, which allow to directly apply the optimization method in industrial applications.

Practical implications

– The presented results showed that the approach, which is the most popular in the industry, is far from being optimal from the cost perspective. As it has been shown in the investigated example, it might be possible to significantly reduce the total cost of APFs installed in the power system.

Originality/value

– The optimization method presented in the paper as well as all simulation results are the original authors work. It was shown that the existing harmonic compensation strategies can be significantly upgraded and the proposed optimization method may be a basis and a reference point for future commercial solutions.
New physically based model for thermal induced initial stress in 3D for silicon germanium films after deposition
Authors: El Boukili Abderrazzak
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to provide a new three dimension physically based model to calculate the initial stress in silicon germanium (SiGe) film due to thermal mismatch after deposition. We should note that there are many other sources of initial stress in SiGe films or in the substrate. Here, the author is focussing only on how to model the initial stress arising from thermal mismatch in SiGe film. The author uses this initial stress to calculate numerically the resulting extrinsic stress distribution in a nanoscale PMOS transistor. This extrinsic stress is used by industrials and manufacturers as Intel or IBM to boost the performances of the nanoscale PMOS and NMOS transistors. It is now admitted that compressive stress enhances the mobility of holes and tensile stress enhances the mobility of electrons in the channel.

Design/methodology/approach

– During thermal processing, thin film materials like polysilicon, silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, or SiGe expand or contract at different rates compared to the silicon substrate according to their thermal expansion coefficients. The author defines the thermal expansion coefficient as the rate of change of strain with respect to temperature.

Findings

– Several numerical experiments have been used for different temperatures ranging from 30 to 1,000°C. These experiments did show that the temperature affects strongly the extrinsic stress in the channel of a 45 nm PMOS transistor. On the other hand, the author has compared the extrinsic stress due to lattice mismatch with the extrinsic stress due to thermal mismatch. The author found that these two types of stress have the same order (see the numerical results on Figures 4 and 12). And, these are great findings for semiconductor industry.

Practical implications

– Front-end process induced extrinsic stress is used by manufacturers of nanoscale transistors as the new scaling vector for the 90 nm node technology and below. The extrinsic stress has the advantage of improving the performances of PMOSFETs and NMOSFETs transistors by enhancing mobility. This mobility enhancement fundamentally results from alteration of electronic band structure of silicon due to extrinsic stress. Then, the results are of great importance to manufacturers and industrials. The evidence is that these results show that the extrinsic stress in the channel depends also on the thermal mismatch between materials and not only on the material mismatch.

Originality/value

– The model the author is proposing to calculate the initial stress due to thermal mismatch is novel and original. The author validated the values of the initial stress with those obtained by experiments in Al-Bayati et al. (2005). Using the uniaxial stress generation technique of Intel (see Figure 2). Al-Bayati et al. (2005) found experimentally that for 17 percent germanium concentration, a compressive initial stress of 1.4 GPa is generated inside the SiGe layer.
Al-Tawhid in relation to the economic order of microfinance institutions
Authors: Abdullah Rose , Ismail Abdul Ghafar
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– This paper aims to study the problems faced by microfinance institutions (MFIs) and relates it with Al-Tawhid to see the solutions.

Design/methodology/approach

– An exploratory method was used to examine various literature that discuss MFIs, the challenge issues growing in tandem with the growth of the microfinance sector and the economic order of MFIs and tries to link it to Al-Tawhid.

Findings

– The absence of Al-Tawhid concept in the practice of conventional MFIs caused the practices are not acceptable to Muslim micro entrepreneurs. Hence, the use of Al-Tawhid principles of contract suggested practices that are fair and free from elements of riba and gharar. It relates to the economics order by looking into the aims of providing finance up to reaching the consensus process or shuratic. Cash waqf is suggested as a source of fund for Islamic MFI for sustainability.

Research limitations/implications

– The findings need to be supported with empirical study to come up with suitable models.

Practical implications

– Alternative sustainable source of funds for the Islamic MFI is suggested.

Social implications

– Activating the cash waqf will involve the society in large to contribute to the economic development. The beneficiaries, such as the poor and needy, will be able to find a source of living and be actively involved in generating income activities.

Originality/value

– This paper highlights the cause of problems faced by conventional microfinance and relats the Al-Tawhid to overcome those problem conceptually.
Do mental health stigma and gender influence MBAs’ willingness to engage in coaching?
Authors: Anne Millard Julia , Korotov Konstantin
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– While much research has been done on how attitudes toward therapy relate to engagement in it, the willingness to engage in coaching has not yet been studied. As coaching continues to grow in popularity and makes its way into curricula of Master of Business Administration (MBA) programs, it is worth examining what factors may influence people's attitudes toward this new type of psychological support. With frequently noticed and discussed similarities between coaching and therapy, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether particular antecedents of engagement in therapy, namely mental health stigma and gender, would be equally relevant for engagement in coaching by MBA students.

Design/methodology/approach

– This was survey research with 54 MBAs at a major European business school.

Findings

– The results suggest that while gender does influence an individual's attitude toward therapy, it does not influence an individual's attitude toward coaching. Stigma, however, still impacts attitudes toward both therapy and coaching.

Research limitations/implications

– This paper focusses on attitudes. Further research could explore how closely attitudes result in specific behaviors, such as requesting a coach or agreeing to be coached when suggested by MBA program educators.

Practical implications

– Implications concern positioning of coaching within MBA programs and preparation of coaches and educators.

Social implications

– Gender neutrality of willingness to engage in coaching suggests opportunities for acceptance of other forms of psychological support.

Originality/value

– This paper is one of the early investigations of willingness to be coached, particularly in the MBA context.
The Protégé mentoring mindset: a framework for consideration
Authors: J. Searby Linda
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to define and describe the mentoring mindset in a protégé. The central research question was: What constitutes a mentoring mindset in a protégé who is poised to receive maximum benefits from a mentoring relationship, as described by the mentor?

Design/methodology/approach

– A phenomenological approach was used to conduct this study. Interviews were conducted with veteran school principals who were trained mentors, assigned and paired with newly appointed principals for a year of mentoring. The identification of the phenomenon of the mentoring mindset of the protégé was derived from the mentors’ perspectives of their protégés’ behaviors, dispositions, attitudes, and competencies, as they were conveyed in the research interviews.

Findings

– A definition of the protégé's mentoring mindset was created after analysis of the interview data, and indicators of the presence and absence of the mindset were formulated into a Protégé Mentoring Mindset Framework that provides information on protégé competencies. The protégé with a mentoring mindset takes initiative, possesses a learning orientation, has a goal orientation, is relational and reflective. Conversely, the protégé who does not have a mentoring mindset lacks initiative, lacks a learning orientation, a goal orientation, and is not relational or reflective.

Research limitations/implications

– One limitation of the study is that it only gathered the perceptions of the mentor, but the protégé is the one being described. This, however, is consistent with other studies of protégé competencies. The study was conducted with a specific population (school principals) in a southern state of the USA. Hence, it cannot be assumed to be generalizable to other populations or fields of study. Replication of this research in other settings is suggested, so that the Framework can be further affirmed, disconfirmed, or augmented. Implications of this research could be that the Mentoring Mindset Framework can be used for considering the varied competencies of the protégé, and can be used in both mentor and protégé training.

Originality/value

– To this researcher's knowledge, there has not been a Protégé Mentoring Mindset Framework of competencies created in mentoring research.
Evaluation of occupational health checks for hospital employees
Authors: Blake Holly , Bennett Eleanor , E. Batt Mark
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to ascertain which employees choose to access occupational health checks (OHCs), their perceptions of the usefulness of information received and whether they choose to act on tailored advice provided.

Design/methodology/approach

– In total, 253 hospital employees attended workplace OHC then completed online questionnaire survey.

Findings

– Participants included new cases (80 per cent) and those who had accessed the service previously (20 per cent), all age categories (23-69 years) and all occupational groups, although the vast majority were in office-based sedentary job roles, nursing or allied health professions (AHP) (78.3 per cent). Almost half were overweight or obese (46.7 per cent); many reported existing health problems or family history of chronic disease. Participants perceived OHC s to be convenient, informative and useful for raising their awareness of health issues, reassurance and monitoring, early identification of potential health problems and signposting to appropriate services. Participants reported post-check dietary changes (41 per cent) and increases in physical activity (30 per cent); smokers reported quitting or cutting down (44 per cent) and those exceeding alcohol limits reported cutting frequency or units of consumption (48 per cent). More than half those advised to visit their GP complied (53 per cent).

Research limitations/implications

– Future studies should investigate the efficacy of OHCs and whether reported lifestyle changes are sustained in the long-term.

Originality/value

– General health checks can be feasibly delivered in a multi-site hospital workplace setting with diverse appeal. Provision of tailored health information can help to raise health awareness and motivate health behaviour change or maintenance amongst hospital employees, including those reporting risk factors for chronic disease. Employees value the investment of healthcare organisations in the health and wellbeing of their workforce.