bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A microclimate regulation study of Ficus altissima under winter conditions in lower subtropical China
Authors: Deng Wan , Xia Chunhua , Chen Jingyu , Jiang Yanji
Published: November 2021

As a widespread practice in urban landscape design, tree planting plays a vital role in improving the ecological environment and microclimate. This study obtained the physical, physiological, and meteorological data of Ficus altissima, a typical tree species in lower subtropical China, through field measurement, and analyzed its functional performance in microclimate regulation. Its results indicated that: (1) the leaf area index (LAI), sky visible factor (SVF), ground cover (GC), and other indicators of Ficus altissima had essential relationships with radiation attenuation, temperature, and humidity regulation under winter conditions in lower subtropical China; (2) there were significant differences in leaf surface temperature and transpiration between east, west, north, and south during daytime; and, (3) thermal comfort represented by physiological equivalent temperature(PET)in the shade could be expressed as functions of solar radiation (SR), mean radiation temperature (MRT), air temperature (Ta), air humidity (RH), globe temperature (Tg), and wind speed (V). Based on these results, the following were the suggestions: firstly, Ficus altissima with higher LAI values should be selected for planting; secondly, trees must be planted on the east side of the site should solitary planting be undertaken to obtain maximum thermal comfort; and finally, activities under the canopy of Ficus altissima should be prioritized at 11:00–16:00 during winter.
In silico analysis to contemplate the chemistry behind gallic acid-mediated inhibition of Polyketide Synthase A from aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway of Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Thakur Chhavi , Malhotra Amanjot Singh , Shankar* Jata
Published: November 2021

Aspergillus flavus is known for producing the potent carcinogenic agent aflatoxin. Food contamination with aflatoxins is an important safety concern for agricultural yields. To identify and develop anti-aflatoxigenic agents, studies on phytochemicals as anti-aflatoxigenic agents have been documented including gallic acid. Thus, interaction studies using in-silico tools have been explored to understand the molecular mechanism behind inhibition of aflatoxin biosynthesis by studying the chemical interactions of gallic acid with polyketide synthase A (PksA) of A. flavus. The 3D structure of PksA consisting of seven domains was modeled using a Swiss-Model server followed by docking using Autodock tools-1.5.6 with substrate hexanoic acid and with that to gallic acid. The binding energy (electrostatic, inter-molecular or total internal energy) for gallic acid was lower (-6.09 to -4.79 kcal/mol) in comparison to hexanoic acid (-5.05 to -3.36 kcal/mol). During an interaction with the acyl transferase domain of PksA, both ligands showed H-bond formation at Glu36, Arg8, Thr11 positions. Ligplot analysis showed the formation of 7-H bonds in gallic acid and 3-H bonds in hexanoic acid. In addition, gallic acid showed stable binding with the active site of PksA indicated by steady root mean square deviation through molecular dynamic simulations. The chemistry between gallic acid and polyketide synthase A(PksA) exhibited that Gallic Acid possesses the highest level of binding potential (more number of hydrogen bonds) with PksA domain in comparison to hexanoic acid, a precursor for aflatoxin biosynthesis. Thus, we suggest enzymes from the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway in aflatoxin-producing Aspergilli could be an important target for potential inhibitors.
Deletions of the Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2/3 genes are common in field isolates from north-eastern Tanzania
Authors: Kaaya Robert D. , Kavishe Reginald A. , Tenu Filemon F. , Matowo Johnson J. , Mosha Franklin W. , Drakeley Chris , Sutherland Colin J. , Beshir Khalid B.
Published: November 2021

Plasmodium falciparum parasites lacking histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 (pfhrp2/3) genes have been reported in several parts of the world. These deletions are known to compromise the effectiveness of HRP2-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests (HRP2-RDT). The National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) in Tanzania adopted HRP2-RDTs as a routine tool for malaria diagnosis in 2009 replacing microscopy in many Health facilities. We investigated pfhrp2/3 deletions in 122 samples from two areas with diverse malaria transmission intensities in Northeastern Tanzania. Pfhrp2 deletion was confirmed in 1.6% of samples while pfhrp3 deletion was confirmed in 50% of samples. We did not find parasites with both pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions among our samples. Results from this study highlight the need for systematic surveillance of pfhrp2/3 deletions in Tanzania to understand their prevalence and determine their impact on the performance of mRDT.
Mechanics of the gyroscopic precession and calculation of the Galactic mass
Authors: Sun Jian
Published: November 2021

A spinning gyroscope precesses about the vertical due to a torque acting upon the wheel. The torque is generated by the shift of moment of force by gravity and it points to the vertical instead of the tangential direction of precession. This intuition offers an alternative and straightforward view of precession dynamics in comparison with the literature. It also presumes a dynamic balance of momentum between circular motions of the wheel spin and precession. Accordingly, the gyroscopic dynamics is then applied to the study of galactic motion of the solar system in space and the Galactic mass is calculated with the inclusion of gyroscopic effect of the solar planets. Results indicate that the gyroscopic effect of Mercury orbiting around the Sun can increase the calculated Galactic mass by 23% in comparison with the result obtained by the classic approach.
Psychosocial Aspects of Deliberate Physical Suicide Attempts by Children and Adolescents
Authors: Kinciniene Odeta , Sambaras Rokas , Lesinskaite Auge , Zilinskaite Virginija , Lesinskiene Sigita
Published: November 2021

Background and objectives: Suicide is a topical issue in Lithuania and all around the world. It is the second most common cause of death among young people. There is a lack of research studies on the psychosocial aspects of adolescent suicide in Lithuania. This study aimed to evaluate demographics, life circumstances, and health conditions as factors related to suicide attempt in adolescents. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed at the Children’s Hospital (Vilnius University Santara Clinics). Medical documentation of adolescents treated in this hospital after suicide attempts from January 2011 to April 2018 were analyzed. Results: There were 117 cases of hospitalization due to suicide attempts during this period, and 102 cases were included in the study. There were 83.8% female and 16.2% male patients with an average age of 15.02 ± 1.9 years (p = 0.405); 40.6% of patients lived in divorced families, 17.7% lived in orphanages, 4.2% lived in foster care, 36.4% suffered from parental alcoholism, and 17.2% experienced suicide in their close surroundings. They had comorbidities (girls 72.5%, boys 68.8%), mostly depression (31.3%), were suffering from bullying (54.1%) or violence (26.0%), and 85.4% showed signs of other types of self-harm (girls more often (p < 0.001)). Most of them chose to cut for suicide attempts (86.0% girls, 56.2% boys). In 52.8% of cases, the attempt was spontaneous and 34% relapsed. Thirty-four events occurred in March (18.9%) (p = 0.688).Conclusions: Our study revealed the possible circumstances related to adolescent suicide attempt. Female gender was more common overall and males were more likely to carry out more potentially lethal methods. Other common associated factors were a lack of prosperity in family life, experience of bullying, violence, comorbidities, and the early spring period. Signs of any self-harm could be an indicator of later suicide attempt.
Delivery and Diffusion of Retinal in Dermis and Epidermis Through The Combination of Prodrug Nanoparticles and Detachable Dissolvable Microneedles
Authors: Toprangkobsin Pattrawadee , Banlunara Wijit , Limcharoen Benchaphorn , Leelahavanichkul Asada , Asawanonda Pravit , Kumtornrut Chanat , Sansureerungsikul Titiporn , Rutwaree Teeranut , Wanichwecharungruang Supason
Published: November 2021

To minimize fast chemical degradation of retinal, we convert this aldehyde into proretinal nanoparticles (PRNs) by forming retinylidene moieties on chitosan and allowing the grafted polymers to assemble into nanoparticles, and then load the obtained PRNs into detachable microneedles made of 1:1 (by weight) hyaluronic acid/maltose. An embedment of the PRNs in the solid matrix of microneedles helps improving chemical stability of the grafted retinal; the loaded device can be kept at 25 °C for three months (longest time experimented) with less than 30% degradation of the retinylidene moieties. The presence PRNs in the hyaluronic acid-maltose matrix also help improving mechanical strength of the needles. Administration of PRN-loaded detachable microneedles on fresh porcine ear skin results in complete deposition of an array of microneedles in the skin tissue at the dept that spans both epidermis and dermis, as observed by stereomicroscopic and confocal fluorescence microscopic analyses of the cross-sectioned tissue pieces. Obvious diffusion of the PRNs from the originally embedded site of the needles in the skin tissue to the nearby location can be observed, and even distribution in the tissue is reached at 4 h post administration. Rats administered with single dose of PRN-loaded microneedles show significant increased epidermal thickness as compared to rats administered with unloaded microneedles. Both PRN-loaded microneedles and unloaded microneedles produce no skin irritation in rats.
RETRACTED: Evaluation of Response to Treatment in Breast Cancer-related Lymphedema
Authors: GÜVERCİN EZGİ YILDIZ , EYİGÖR Sibel , Tanigor Göksel , Inbat Menekse , Kabayel Sedef
Published: November 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Prognostic Significance of mRNA Expression RBBP8 or its Methylation in Gliomas
Authors: Liu Zhengdong , Cheng Xingbo , Gao Yanzheng , Han Zhibin , Lin Shaochong , Jin Haoran , Luan Zheyu , Li Pengxu , Liang Wenjia , Qian Rongjun
Published: November 2021

Retinoblastoma-binding protein 8 (RBBP8) affects the prognosis of patients with malignancies through various mechanisms. However, its function in gliomas is unknown. Our study explored the effects of RBBP8 on the prognosis of glioma patients, as well as its regulatory role in the glioma immune microenvironment. We used various bioinformatics methods to analyze the transcriptional profiles and methylation data of RBBP8 in gliomas from multiple databases. Our results showed that the mRNA and protein expression of RBBP8 in gliomas was higher than that in normal tissues and positively correlated with malignant clinical features such as age and WHO grade. A Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with high RBBP8 expression had a poor prognosis. Cox regression demonstrated that RBBP8 was an independent risk indicator and had good diagnostic value for the poor prognosis of glioma. A meta-analysis confirmed the carcinogenic effect of RBBP8 on glioma, while the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource analysis showed that RBBP8 was positively correlated with the infiltration of six immune cell types in low-grade glioma, but only with dendritic cells in glioblastoma multiforme. Importantly, RBBP8 was positively correlated with many well-known immune checkpoints (e.g., CTLA4 and PDL-1). Finally, a gene set enrichment analysis revealed that RBBP8 can promote the activation of cancer-related pathways such as cell cycle, DNA replication and so on. In conclusion, this study is the first to elaborate on the value of RBBP8 in the pathological process of glioma for anti-tumor immunotherapy. In addition, the expression of RBBP8 and its methylation site, cg05513509, may provide potential targets for glioma therapy.
Evaluation and Selection of Potent Fluorescent Immunosensors by Combining Fluorescent Peptide and Nanobodies Displayed on Yeast Surface
Authors: Inoue Akihito , Yasuda Takanobu , Zhu Bo , Kitaguchi Tetsuya , Murakami Akikazu , Ueda Hiroshi
Published: November 2021

Quenchbody (Q-body) is a quench-based fluorescent immunosensor labeled with fluorescent dye(s) near the antigen-binding site of an antibody. Q-bodies can detect a range of target molecules rapidly and directly. However, because Q-bodies show different antigen responses depending on the antibody used, time-consuming optimization of the Q-body structure is often necessary, and a high-throughput screening method for discriminating and selecting good Q-bodies is required. Here, we aimed to develop a molecular display method of nanobody-based “mini Q-bodies” by combining yeast surface display and coiled-coil forming E4/K4 peptide-based fluorescence labeling. As a result, the yeast-displayed mini Q-body recognizing the anti-cancer agent methotrexate (MTX) showed significant quenching and MTX-dependent dequenching on cells. To demonstrate the applicability of the developed method to select highly responsive mini Q-bodies, a small nanobody library consisting of 30 variants that recognize human serum albumin was used as a model. The best variant, showing a 2.4-fold signal increase, was obtained through selection by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the same nanobody prepared from Escherichia coli also worked as a mini Q-body after dye labeling. The described approach will be applied to quickly obtain well-behaved Q-bodies and other fluorescent biosensors for various targets through directed evolutionary approaches.
How Does Biased Technological Progress Affect Haze Pollution? Evidence from APEC Economies
Authors: Yang Guanglei , Zha Donglan
Published: November 2021

Biased technological progress is the act of energy conservation and emission reduction by changing the marginal rate of substitution. In this study, we introduced renewable energy into a production function, and proposed a method of identifying biased characteristics of technological progress, based on marginal productivity theory. A panel dataset for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies from 2000-2017 was analyzed to explore the effect of biased technological progress in reducing particulate matter (PM2.5). We found that input biased technological progress tended to use more non-renewable energy. Input biased technological progress aggravated haze pollution; however, this effect decreased as the PM2.5 concentration increased. Output biased technological progress significantly reduced haze pollution in high-income economies, but increased it in low-income economies. The effect of neutral technological progress on haze pollution was the opposite of the effect from output biased technological progress. We also found that increasing renewable energy consumption and reducing energy intensity were separate effective paths for input and output biased technological progress, respectively, to mitigate haze pollution. For neutral technological progress, improving total factor productivity was an important way to mitigate haze pollution. Finally, several policy recommendations are proposed to mitigate haze pollution in APEC economies.
Improving 1-propanol Force Field: a New Methodology
Authors: Alva-Tamayo José Abundio Daniel , Guillén-Escamilla Iván , Méndez-Maldonado Gloria Arlette , Méndez-Bermúdez José Guillermo
Published: November 2021

A new force field for 1-propanol, in the united and all atom models, has been obtained by combining two different empirical methodologies. The first was developed by scaling atom charges, and Lennard-Jones parameters to fit the dielectric constant, surface tension, and density ((2018) J. Chem. Theory Comput. 14:5949-5958). The second methodology consists of moving these parameters and together with the bond distance to obtain the liquid-vapor phase diagram of the CO2 molecule ((1995) J. Phys. Chem. 99:12021-12024). The last methodology is used to obtain the self-diffusion coefficient, which was not considered in the first one. With this new methodology, the experimental density, dielectric constant, surface tension, and self-diffusion coefficient at ambient temperature could be achieved. Furthermore, we show the temperature dependence of the aforementioned properties. The static structure factors are in accordance with the experimental spectrum. Solubility is increased to the experimental value for the united atom model after applying this methodology and for all atom scheme, the experimental solubility value is maintained.
Happiness and Hope for Success in T1DM Patients
Authors: Cyranka Katarzyna , Dudek Domnika , Matejko Bartłomiej , Małecki Piotr , Małecki Maciej T , Pilecki Maciej , Klupa Tomasz
Published: November 2021

Happiness and hope are essential parts of human health. One of the main purposes of health care, including diabetes care, are to achieve happiness and a sense of purpose in life. Material and methodDuring educational workshops a short survey concerning the level of happiness and hope for success in the group of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) patients was carried out. 120 patients anonymously filled in Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) and a Hope for Success Questionnaire (KNS).Results and conclusionsThe level of subjective happiness in T1DM patients was lower than in general population for both sexes, for all age categories apart from people older than 50, who seem to be happy and satisfied with their life with no differences compared to the general population. In terms of hope for success, T1DM teenagers and adults aged 27-50 did not differ from the general population. T1DM patients older than 50 turned out to have higher hope for success in life that other T1DM patients. Special attention should be paid to patients in young adulthood (18-26), who seem to be the most pessimistic group of T1DM patients, with low self-esteem and low believe in their possibilities.
Environmental Regulation, Innovation Capability, and Green Total Factor Productivity: New Evidence from China
Authors: Lee Chien-Chiang , Zeng Mingli , Wang Changsong
Published: November 2021

In recent years, China's economy has experienced a rapid transformation period from rugged economic development to a sustainable economic development style. Increasing green total factor productivity (GTFP) is considered as one of the important signs. The application of innovation capability (ICY) is becoming more and more widely used in modern life. But it is still unclear how ICY can affect GTFP. With increasingly stricter environmental laws and regulations, how environmental regulations (ER) affect GTFP is unclear. This research contributes to the literature on the impact mechanisms of ICY and ER on GTFP using the data on 30 Chinese provinces covering the period from 2006-2017. The results indicate both ICY and ER can effectively promote GTFP. Compared with ER, ICY has obvious heterogeneity on GTFP, that is, the stronger the ICY is, the stronger it promoting effect on GTFP. Next, ICY plays an intermediary role in ER and GTFP, and ER can promote GTFP through ICY. Accordingly, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions, such as optimizing and improving ER policy, unswervingly practicing innovation-driven development strategy, strengthening monitoring and supervision.
Impact of COVID-19 on Delays in General Practice. A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Schers Henk , Boven Kees van , Akkermans Reinier , Weel Chris van , Hartman Tim olde , Bischoff Erik
Published: November 2021

BackgroundFrom the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, worries have been exposed about collateral damage to patients’ health through postponed appointments, and delayed diagnostic testing and referrals in general practice.AimTo study delays in presentation and management of health problems in general practice during the first 9 months of the COVID-19 crisis. We aimed at symptoms that were most relevant: COVID-19 related symptoms, cancer-related symptoms, mental health symptoms, and musculoskeletal symptoms. Design and settingRetrospective analysis of routine patient data from a practice based registration network in the Netherlands (population 40.000 patients; 30 GPs).MethodWe compared data from the first nine months of the COVID-19 crisis to the preceding 5 years, and analyzed differences between the periods of time in the duration of symptoms before presentation, and the duration from the first presentation in general practice until diagnostic testing and referrals.ResultsWe found no indications that patients waited longer to contact the FP for newly presented health symptoms; only COVID-19 related symptoms were presented earlier to family practice (p< 0.001). Also, we found no delays in general practice for diagnostic testing or referring to hospital care in 2020.ConclusionsGeneral practice maintained its capability to deliver timely care for newly presented health symptoms during the COVID-19 crisis, despite serious changes in delivery modes: patients have contacted their GPs broadly when it was needed, and do not seem to have postponed their help seeking behavior massively. Follow-up studies are needed to monitor long term consequences also in other health echelons.
The Association between BMI and Osteoarthritis in Adults
Authors: Liu Zheling , Zheng Liwen , Xu Liguang
Published: November 2021

Objectives: The prevalence of obesity-related symptomatic OA has been found to increase. We investigated the relationship between BMI and osteoarthritis in 14,058 20-85 year-old participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: To estimate the association between BMI and osteoarthritis, multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Fitted smoothing curves. Results: After adjusting for other confounding factors, we found that BMI was positively correlated with osteoarthritis. On subgroup analyses, stratified by sex and race/ethnicity, the positive correlation between BMI and Osteoarthritis in men and women, as well as in whites, blacks, and Mexican Americans, still exists. Conclusions: Our study revealed a positive relationship between BMI and Osteoarthritis in most adults.
Tunneling between parallel one-dimensional Wigner crystals
Authors: Mendez-Camacho Reyna , Cruz-Hernandez Esteban
Published: November 2021

Vertically aligned arrays are a frequent outcome in the nanowires synthesis by self-assembly techniques or in its subsequent processing. When these nanowires are close enough, quantum electron tunneling is expected between them. Then, because extended or localized electronic states can be established in the wires by tuning its electron density, the tunneling configuration between adjacent wires could be conveniently adjusted by an external gate. In this contribution, by considering the collective nature of electrons using a Yukawa-like effective potential, we explore the electron interaction between closely spaced, parallel nanowires while varying the electron density and geometrical parameters. We find that, at a low-density Wigner crystal regime, the tunneling can take place between adjacent localized states along and transversal to the wires axis, which in turn allows to create two- and three-dimensional electronic distributions with valuable potential applications.
Spatiotemporal Heterogeneities and Driving Factors of Water Quality and Trophic State of a Typical Urban Shallow Lake (Taihu, China)
Authors: Wang Yonggui , Guo Yanqi , Zhao Yanxin , Wang Lunche , Chen Yan , Yang Ling
Published: November 2021

Water quality deterioration and eutrophication of urban shallow lakes are global ecological problems with increasing concern and greater environmental efforts. In this study, spatiotemporal changes of water quality and eutrophication over 2015-2019 in Lake Taihu, were assessed using the monthly time series of 7 water quality parameters measured at 17 sites. The whole lake was divided into 7 sub-lakes and trophic condition was evaluated by trophic level index (TLI). Taihu had poor water quality overall which was mainly astricted by the total nitrogen (TN) and the total phosphorus (TP) and maintained a light-eutropher state, but it had improved in the last five years. It is found that all nutrient parameters reached relatively higher concentrations in the northwestern and northern Taihu with combined cluster analysis and spatial interpolation methods. Meiliang Bay was the most polluted and nutrient-rich area. Mann-Kendall test highlighted the fact that the TP and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations increased significantly while the TN and five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) decreased. The nutrient loading input from the northwestern areas with high human activity and the geomorphological characteristic of the northern closed bays were the main contributors to the spatial heterogeneity in water quality. The main driving force of N pollution was the declining river inflow N loading. And P pollution was affected more by accumulated endogenous pollution, decline aquatic plants area, as well as closely linked with algae biomass. Further water pollution and eutrophication mitigation of Taihu should focus on the limitation of algae and those heavily polluted closed bays.
Hourly Bridge Freeway Traffic Crash Prediction Using Log Count Data Poisson Time Series INGARCH Model and Its Comparisons With Regression-based Methods
Authors: Miao Yu , Cai Bowen , Li Tao
Published: November 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Security Enhancement and PaaS platform Authentication in Cloud Computing based On SBA
Authors: Vankdothu Ramdas , Hameed Mohd Abdul
Published: November 2021

One of the most challenging security requirements in a PaaS platform setting is authentication. We provide a new signature-based authenticated key establishment approach for PaaS platform security improvement in this study. It adds a feature to increase confidentiality and non-repudiation by requiring the sender to sign a specific action while sending data from one user to another. It’s signed with the transaction’s private key and a public-key value-based signature generated with the transaction’s public key. Use the public key value-based signature that was generated to authenticate this operation, and the hashing process assures that the operation is immutable. Our proposed solution delivers improved data security, throughput, reaction speed, and a reduction in end-to-end delay and overhead when compared to existing methodologies. The results of the experiments reveal that the proposed system achieves a superior outcome to the existing methods. This project makes use of the MATLAB platform.
An Auditory Stroop Test to Implement in Cognitive Hearing Sciences: Development and Normative Data
Authors: Kestens Katrien , Degeest Sofie , Miatton Marijke , Keppler Hannah
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study developed and gained insight in an auditory Stroop test, implementable in cognitive hearing sciences. Methods: An auditory Stroop test was developed and performed in 178 participants, aged between 18 and 69 years. This Auditory Stroop test consisted of two tests: Stroop-tones and Stroop-words whereby the pitch of pure-tones and spoken words (i.e., the words high and low) had to be identified by high or low, respectively. An interference score was calculated as a measure of verbal executive functioning. Regression models were conducted to examine the effect of age, sex, education, awakeness, hearing, as well as visual and verbal working memory, and processing speed on the auditory Stroop scores. Normative data were obtained per age decade. Results: Compared to the visual counterparts, the auditory Stroop outcomes were better predicted by verbal working memory and processing speed. A trend was observed showing a decrease in performances with increasing age. No other participant-related variables had a significant relationship with the auditory Stroop test. Conclusion: This auditory Stroop test was considered a good test for measuring executive functioning using auditory stimuli. Implementing this auditory Stroop test within cognitive hearing sciences will contribute to unravel the auditory-cognitive perspective of speech understanding.
Identificação de desvios de linguagem através de redes neurais artificiais
Authors: Pires Gustavo Augusto , Coelho Frederico Gualberto Ferreira
Published: November 2021

Este artigo propõe um método de identificação de desvios de linguagens em frases escritas na língua portuguesa através de Redes Neurais Artificiais. São abordadas diferentes configurações de neurônios e funções de ativação para encontrar a melhor acurácia. O modelo desenvolvido consegue obter uma taxa de acerto melhor do que outros propostos na literatura, tendo como vantagem uma estrutura que não é atrelada a um dicionário de dados fixo. Assim, por ter extraído uma generalização das características dos desvios de linguagem, é capaz de classificar mais exemplares e com melhor performance.
Erosion potential of ultrasonic food processing
Authors: Bredihin Sergei , Andreev Vladimir , Martekha Alexander , Schenzle Matthias , Korotkiy Igor
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Cavitation is the most significant factor that affects liquid food products during ultrasound treatment. Ultrasonic treatment intensifies diffusion, dissolution, and chemical interactions. However, no physical model has yet been developed to unambiguously define the interaction between ultrasonic cavities and structural particles of liquid food media. Physical models used to describe ultrasonic interactions in liquid food media are diverse and, sometimes, contradictory. The research objective was to study ultrasonic devices in order to improve their operating modes and increase reliability.

Study objects and methods. The present research featured ultrasonic field generated in water by the cylindrical emitter, the intensity of flexural ultrasonic waves and their damping rate at various distances from the emitter.

Results and discussion. The paper offers a review of available publications on the theory of acoustic cavitation in various media. The experimental studies featured the distribution of cavities in the ultrasound field of rod vibrating systems in water. The research revealed the erosion capacity of ultrasonic waves generated by the cylindrical emitter. The article also contains a theoretical analysis of the cavitation damage to aluminum foil in water and the erosive effect of cavitation on highly rigid materials of ultrasonic vibration systems. The obtained results were illustrated by semi-graphical dependences.

Conclusion. The present research made it possible to assess the energy capabilities of cavities generated by ultrasonic field at different distances from the ultrasonic emitter. The size of the contact spot and the penetration depth can serve as a criterion for the erosion of the surface of the ultrasonic emitter.
Formulating a functional drink with antiosteoporosis effects
Authors: Aslanova Marietta , Semenova Anastasia , Derevitskaya Olga
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Osteoporosis is one of the most common diseases of the musculoskeletal system in modern clinical practice. Its prevention and treatment requires a diet with a sufficient intake of calcium, vitamins, and connective tissue proteins that regenerate cartilage and bone tissue. We aimed to formulate a functional product based on collagen fermentolysate to prevent osteoporosis and prove its effects in experiments on laboratory rats. Study objects and methods. Our study objects were collagen fermentolysate obtained from pork ears and legs (1:1) and the functional product based on it. The biological experiment was carried out on Wistar female rats exposed to osteoporosis through complete ovariectomy. Their femurs were analyzed for the contents of phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium, as well as cytometric and biochemical blood parameters. Results and discussion. The formulated functional product based on collagen fermentolysate contained 41% of the most easily assimilable peptide fractions with a low molecular weight of 10 to 20 kDa. Other components included pumpkin powder, dietary fiber, calcium, chondroprotectors, and vitamins E, C, and D3. Compared to the control, the experimental rats that received the functional product had increased contents of calcium and magnesium in the bone tissue (by 25.0 and 3.0%, respectively), a decreased content of phosphorus (by 7.0%), a calcium-to-phosphorus ratio restored to 2.4:1.0, and a higher concentration of osteocalcin in the blood serum (by 15%). Conclusion. The developed functional product based on collagen fermentolysate can be used as an additional source of connective tissue protein, calcium, vitamins C, E, and D3, dietary fiber, and chondroprotectors to prevent osteoporosis.
Historical Science and Petersburg Historian Froianov. Part 2
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Dvornichenko Andrey Yu.
Published: November 2021

This article is devoted to the scholarly work of the prominent Russian historian Igor Iakovlevich Froianov who died last December. He is a brilliant representative of the Petersburg Historical School, and first and foremost — a well-known specialist in the history of so called Kievan Rus. He created a complex concept of the “obcshinno-vechevaia” civilization of Old Rus. His concept is ultimately comprehensive because he studied in consecutive order practically all sides of such a phenomenon as Kievan Rus: economy, political life, social struggle, culture. His concept emerged in confrontation with the prevalent Soviet vision of this history, and at the same time from the very beginning it became a creative continuation and development of pre-revolution historiography. He also devoted several interesting and important works to the period of Moscow Rus, particularly to the process of formation of the Russian monarchy. These works made an excellent foundation for the new original view of this epoch of the Russian history, different from other concepts. Froianov’s legacy is divided into two parts: before and after the middle of the 1990s when so called “perestroika” took place in the USSR. On the one hand, he continued to study the old time. On the other hand, a number of his later works are devoted to the history of Russian revolution (1917) and to the above-mentioned “perestroika”. These works are closely connected with a publicistic genre which captivated him in those years. However, it is to a certain extent a continuation of his previous interests as these works are dedicated to the same Russian-Orthodox Civilization.
The Textbook on the History of Science outside Science
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Tikhonov Igor L.
Published: November 2021

The article is a review of the textbook on the history of Russian archaeology prepared by A. S. Skripkin, professor of Volgograd State University, a well-known archaeologist specializing in the study of the Sarmatian tribes. The textbook was issued by the “Urait” publishing company in 2017. The first part, dominating in amount, is devoted to the history of the development of the Russian archaeology from the 18th century until the last quarter of the 20th century. The second part briefly outlines the topic well-known to the author — the history of archaeological research in the Lower Volga region in the same chronological period. However, the main problem of the reviewed publication is the author’s failure to use a considerable number of works published on this subject over the last 25 years. Almost all the information contained in the first section of the textbook was borrowed from the books by A. A. Formozov, G. S. Lebedev, V. F. Gening, A. D. Pryakhin published in the 1980s and early 1990s. However, in the years passed since then, a whole direction connected with the study of various aspects of its history has been formed in the Russian archaeology. A significant range of monographic publications, collections of articles and conference materials have been published; more than fifty candidate and doctoral dissertations have been defended. Unfortunately, all this remained beyond the scope of A. S. Skripkin. Therefore, there are numerous out-of-date ideas concerning various subjects connected with the formation and development of the Russian archaeology. Furthermore, the text contains a considerable number of factual errors, inaccuracies, misprints.
Polish Educational Care Centers in the USSR During the Second World War
Authors:   University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Leonczyk S.
Published: November 2021

Among those Poles deported to the USSR from the eastern provinces of Poland annexed by the USSR in 1939 were many families and children. The Sikorski–Mayski agreement, signed on 30 July 1941, opened the way for Poland and the USSR to resume diplomatic relations. The Embassy of the Republic of Poland set up agencies, so-called Delegations, whose mission was, among others, to implement decisions made by the Polish- Soviet commission. The commission provided welfare services for Poles, which included opening shelters, kindergartens, schools, and orphanages. Initially, from autumn of 1941 to summer 1942, the Soviet authorities supported the establishment of such educational care centers, although after July 1942, when the Polish delegations were dissolved, some of these were shut down, and Polish children were moved to Soviet schools and orphanages. This paper describes the situation of Polish orphanages in the USSR, especially in the Siberian region of the USSR and Kazakhstan. These educational care centers received aid from the Embassy of the Republic of Poland, located in Kuybyshev (Samara). However, they were also supported in the USSR by the Soviet authorities and Union of Polish Patriots (1943–1946), who helped Polish orphans. One such children’s home is the orphanage in Mala Minusa in Krasnoyarsk Krai. Thanks to its authorities, the Polish inmates of the orphanage, who broke away from their motherland during wartime to return there only after the end of the war, have not been forgotten.
Organization and Activity of NKVD Labor Educational Colonies for Minors in Khabarovsk Region in 1943–1945
Authors:   Vladivostok Branch of the Far Eastern Law Institute of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia, Zhadan A. V.
Published: November 2021

The article, based on documentary sources, the main part of which is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, aims to analyze and summarize the historical experience of labor educational colonies for minors of the NKVD on the territory of the Khabarovsk territory in wartime (taking into account the events of the Soviet-Japanese war) and in the first post-war months of 1945. Within the framework of this goal, the author sets the following tasks: to specify the social significance of these institutions in relation to wartime conditions; describe the main directions of their activities (educational process and industrial training); establish the causes and nature of the problems that accompanied the activities of educational colonies at the time under review. The publication concludes that being essentially correctional and educational institutions, labor educational colonies for minors performed humanitarian, criminological, preventive, and socio-economic functions during the study period. The main problems in the activity of the colonies, which affected the material and everyday aspects of the life of pupils, the quality of educational work and the educational process, were the lack of material resources and experienced, qualified personnel. It is noted that the functioning of these institutions in the Khabarovsk territory was fully affected by the socio-economic specifics of the far Eastern region with a characteristic shortage of human resources, a relatively weak economic base, an undeveloped infrastructure and a saturation of penitentiary institutions. The author gives a positive assessment of the role of the leadership of the NKVD administration in the Khabarovsk territory in strengthening the discipline of the colony staff, suppressing illegal actions against pupils, creating favorable material and living conditions, and improving the educational and upbringing process.
Derusification of Administration in USSR
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Mironov B. N.
Published: November 2021

Non-Russian peoples were represented in Russian power structures long before the revolutions of 1905 and 1917, but less than the democratic norm, which suggests de facto ethnic discrimination in the Empire. In Soviet times, the actual ethno-political inequality of peoples in the USSR was gradually overcome, and participation of non-Russians in power structures grew systematically and even accelerated, and the role of Russians decreased accordingly. The increase in non-Russians’ share in governmental bodies was almost exclusively due to an increase in their ethnic status. By 1979, Russians had a very small majority in all government structures in the USSR as a whole, except for the legislative branch, which roughly corresponded to their higher share in the country’s population (50.8 % in 1989). However, the situation was different in the Union republics. Only in the Russian Federation did all peoples, Russian and non-Russian, participate in governmental bodies in proportion to their numbers and in full compliance with the democratic norm. In Belarus, Moldova, and Uzbekistan, titular ethnic groups were underrepresented, and Russians were overrepresented. In Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Estonia, the representation of Russians was below the democratic norm, and in nine republics it was higher, but despite this, they did not have a majority in any union republic. This situation developed as a result of the center’s national policy, which aimed at strengthening the authorities with national personnel, accelerating the modernization of the Union republics and raising the level of development in the lagging republics to the level of the most developed republics.
Scientific and Environmental Organizations Activities During the Great Patriotic War: Historical and Ecological Aspect
Authors:   Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Makeeva E. D. , Tsintsadze N. S. ,   Derzhavin Tambov State University
Published: November 2021

This article explores the activities of scientific and environmental organizations of the USSR during the World War II, in the context of Russian environmental history. Environmental history is an interdisciplinary scientific field at the intersection of the humanities and natural sciences, studying the co-evolution of nature and society. Using archival and published sources, this article focuses on the All-Russian Society for the Conservation of Nature, the All-Union Geographical Society, and the Council for the Study of Productive Forces. Nature made a significant contribution to victory, as the use of natural wealth made it possible to provide the army and the rear with necessary raw materials and food. The most important role in mobilizing a variety of natural resources was played by Soviet scientists. At the same time, ecological systems were seriously damaged. Starting from the war and into the postwar years, the technogenic management era commenced. The leadership of the USSR bet on the active development of the mineral resource and energy base in the eastern part of the country, which was another blow to the environment. The All-Russian Society for the Conservation of Nature tried to restrain the state’s onslaught on nature and sought to minimize its consequences. Its most important task was to popularize environmental ideas among the people. Thanks to the efforts of members of the Society, the authorities turned their attention to environmental problems: in 1946, a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR “On Nature Protection in the RSFSR” was issued. After this, environmental protection completely came under state control and aimed at balancing active economic activity in the country.
Unpleasant Memories: Jasep Vitols during the First Years of the Soviet Power
Authors:   Institute of Russian Cultural Heritage of Latvia, Malnach A. D.
Published: November 2021

The article examines the relationship of Jazep Vitols, composer and professor at the Petrograd Conservatory, with the Soviet regime during the first years of its existence in Russia and Latvia. The circumstances of his departure from revolutionary Petrograd in August 1918, which the composer believed to be a temporary absence, are described in detail. At the same time, he allowed himself to get involved in the project of creating a private “Latvian Opera” in Riga. Under this pretext, many Latvian musicians and artists were given the opportunity to leave Soviet Russia, and Vitols also took advantage of this possibility. The composer had no personal conflicts with the Soviet regime, but neither he did sympathize with it. He remained a man of conservative views and did not want to change his usual bourgeois lifestyle. The hardships and inconveniences that arose during the revolution, such as hunger and cold, he perceived as unbearable and associated them with the new government, be it in Petrograd or in Riga. In turn, the Soviet government, represented by the governments of Soviet Russia and Soviet Latvia (January — May 1919), did not see any obstacles to cooperation with the composer in the field of musical education. The Bolshevik government of Soviet Latvia offered him to start organizing a higher music school in Riga (a Conservatory) and, according to some reports, the composer accepted the offer and even proceeded to take organizational measures. However, subsequently, publicly and in his memoirs, he denied the moment of cooperation with the Soviet regime.
German Bank of Soviet Russia (Activity of the German-Volga Bank of Agricultural Credit in the 1920s)
Authors:   Moscow Exchange, Golitsyn Yu. P. , Sokolov A. S. ,   Ryazan State Radio Engineering University,
Published: November 2021

The transition of Soviet Russia from “war communism” to a new economic policy required the restoration of commodity-money exchange, the financial and tax system, credit and other market institutions. The need for rapid recovery and development of all branches of the national economy predetermined a certain departure from the “communist” views on banking and in the early 1920s. in the country, along with the State Bank, special banks appeared. These banks, being under the control of the relevant economic commissariats, ensured the implementation of the necessary financial and credit policy in this branch of the national economy. The article examines the activity of the German-Volga Agricultural Credit Bank in the ASSR of the Volga Germans during the period of the new economic policy. Special attention is paid to the bank’s issuance of a bond loan intended for placement, primarily on the foreign market. The bank bonds were supposed to be placed in Germany and among the German diasporas of the United States and Latin America. The article analyzes the activities of Nemvolbank in attracting foreign currency funds. The source base was the documents stored in the Russian State Archive of Economics in the funds of the Ministry of Finance of the USSR and the Ministry of Foreign Trade of the USSR: correspondence between the leadership of the ASSR of the Volga Germans about the issue of the loan and the terms of its placement, Regulations on the issue of bonds, etc. The role of the bank in the development of Soviet- German financial and economic relations within the framework of the diplomatic rapprochement of the two countries is traced. Shown activity Newalliance for the return of German colonists, immigrants back in the Volga region. It is concluded that the German-Volga Bank conducted quite active foreign trade activities.