bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence in chorioretinal pathology through fundoscopy: a comprehensive review
Authors: Driban Matthew , Yan Audrey , Selvam Amrish , Ong Joshua , Vupparaboina Kiran Kumar , Chhablani Jay
Published: April 2024

Background

Applications for artificial intelligence (AI) in ophthalmology are continually evolving. Fundoscopy is one of the oldest ocular imaging techniques but remains a mainstay in posterior segment imaging due to its prevalence, ease of use, and ongoing technological advancement. AI has been leveraged for fundoscopy to accomplish core tasks including segmentation, classification, and prediction.

Main body

In this article we provide a review of AI in fundoscopy applied to representative chorioretinal pathologies, including diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, among others. We conclude with a discussion of future directions and current limitations.

Short conclusion

As AI evolves, it will become increasingly essential for the modern ophthalmologist to understand its applications and limitations to improve patient outcomes and continue to innovate.
A bonus task boosts people's willingness to offload cognition to an algorithm
Authors: Wahn Basil , Schmitz Laura
Published: April 2024

With the increased sophistication of technology, humans have the possibility to offload a variety of tasks to algorithms. Here, we investigated whether the extent to which people are willing to offload an attentionally demanding task to an algorithm is modulated by the availability of a bonus task and by the knowledge about the algorithm’s capacity. Participants performed a multiple object tracking (MOT) task which required them to visually track targets on a screen. Participants could offload an unlimited number of targets to a “computer partner”. If participants decided to offload the entire task to the computer, they could instead perform a bonus task which resulted in additional financial gain—however, this gain was conditional on a high performance accuracy in the MOT task. Thus, participants should only offload the entire task if they trusted the computer to perform accurately. We found that participants were significantly more willing to completely offload the task if they were informed beforehand that the computer’s accuracy was flawless (Experiment 1 vs. 2). Participants’ offloading behavior was not significantly affected by whether the bonus task was incentivized or not (Experiment 2 vs. 3). These results combined with those from our previous study (Wahn et al. in PLoS ONE 18:e0286102, 2023), which did not include a bonus task but was identical otherwise, show that the human willingness to offload an attentionally demanding task to an algorithm is considerably boosted by the availability of a bonus task—even if not incentivized—and by the knowledge about the algorithm’s capacity.
Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of headache among COVID-19 patients in Lebanon: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Safawi Nour , Hasbini Jida , Khodor Hawaa , Atrouni Salim , Berjaoui Christin , ElJarkass Hania
Published: April 2024

Background

With the spread and rise in the number of infections of COVID-19 globally, patients experienced neurologic manifestations such as headache and dizziness, along with other serious medical conditions such as stroke and seizures. Many reported cases highlighted headache to be one of the most common COVID-19-related neurological symptoms. With the evolution of the pandemic, broad studies are needed to better understand the mechanism of headache with COVID-19. The aim of this study is to recognize the epidemiology, characteristic and progression of headache among patients with COVID-19 in Lebanon.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was done to assess 439 patients for headache during the course of COVID-19. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used for descriptive analysis.

Results

A confirmed COVID-19 Infection by PCR test was confirmed among 86% of the participants. Tension-like headache was the most common type of headache experienced by participants during COVID-19. Pain was mainly diffuse (48.7%), and compressing in nature (77.0%). Moreover, about 29% required a physician consultation and 7.7% had emergency visits. Partial relief by analgesics was reported in 54.9%, and mainly by paracetamol (64.6%). Those who reported having a history of primary headache before contracting COVID-19 were 46.7%. Among them, 36.7% patients reported a change in the type of headache and about 49.6% reported increased severity.

Conclusion

Headache accompanied with COVID-19 is a common symptom during the early stages of illness. COVID-19 related headache was characterized as mainly involving the whole head region, pressuring, and partially relieved by analgesics. Thus, headache should raise early concern for the probability of being infected by COVID-19.
Progress in endophytic fungi secondary metabolites: biosynthetic gene cluster reactivation and advances in metabolomics
Authors: Zakariyah Rahmat Folashade , Ajijolakewu Kamoldeen Abiodun , Ayodele Ayomide Joseph , Folami-A Barnabas Ipinnuoluwa , Samuel Elohor Precious , Otuoze Sabdat Omeneke , Abdulrauf Lukman Bola , Ahmed Risikat Nike
Published: April 2024

Background

Fungal endophytes exhibit symbiotic relationships with their host plants but have recently emerged as sources for synthesizing important varieties of secondary metabolites (SMs). Many of these metabolites have shown significant importance as antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, and anticancer drugs, leading to their exploration in medicine and pharmaceuticals.

Main body of the abstract

The endophytes' biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are responsible for encoding enzymes that produce these SMs. The fungal endophytes' ability has been challenged due to their inability to trigger cryptic BGCs and their loss of ability to produce secondary metabolites over an extended period in an artificial culture medium. This review investigates the array of SMs produced by endophytic fungi. It identifies methods for awakening and exploiting silent BGCs to produce novel natural metabolites and explores recent advancements in metabolomics platforms used to profile SMs. Silent BGCs can be activated using various methods, including co-cultivation, one strain of many compounds, epigenetic modification, heterologous expression, and cluster-specific transcription factor methods.

Short conclusion

These methods reviewed effectively enhance the production of silent BGCs, leading to a significant increase in secondary metabolite production. Meanwhile, metabolomics profiling using liquid or gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry could provide several chances to discover bioactive compounds' complexity and chemical diversity. This review has, thus, given insight into the significance of methods used to reactivate BGCs from endophytes and the importance of varying techniques of their metabolomic profiling.
Optical flow vector of elastic waves in transversely isotropic media
Authors: Zhang Huixing , Feng Yancang , He Bingshou
Published: April 2024

The propagation direction of the wavefield is particularly important for migration imaging in the reverse-time migration (RTM) of elastic waves in transversely isotropic (TI) media. However, due to the problem of the computational instability of the Poynting vector, the wave field propagation direction estimated based on the Poynting vector method has errors and cannot accurately indicate the real propagation direction of the elastic wavefield. To solve this problem, a method for calculating the optical flow vector of elastic waves in TI media is developed to obtain the propagation direction. The optical flow vector of elastic waves in TI media is determined by applying the spatial and temporal derivatives of the wavefield at each time step under the assumption that the wavefields are almost the same at subsequent time steps and are smooth in the spatial direction. As the additional smoothing item is added and the multiple iterative algorithm is introduced in calculating the optical flow vector, the direction is calculated more accurately than the Poynting vector. Based on the optical flow vectors, we can separate the source wavefield and receiver wavefield into four directions: up-going, down-going, left-going, and right-going wavefields, respectively, and finally perform elastic reverse-time migration (ERTM) imaging based on the optical flow vector traveling-wave separation. We use a layered model and the BP model to test our method. The testing results demonstrate that the optical flow vector can overcome the Poynting vector limitations and obtain more accurate and reliable information regarding the direction of elastic wave propagation in TI media, as well as precisely separate the wavefields. The separated wavefields for migration effectively improve the quality of the ERTM.
Developing psychological treatments for psychosis
Authors: Freeman Daniel
Published: April 2024

Evidence shows that talking with patients about psychotic experiences can be beneficial. The key question is therefore: which psychological methods can help patients most? This editorial presents ten principles for the design and development of effective psychological treatments. These principles are perceptible characteristics of successful interventions.
Inflammation-based Scores in Patients With Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Parazzoli Chiara , Prete Alessandro , Favero Vittoria , Aresta Carmen , Pucino Valentina , Ayuk John , Asia Miriam , Elhassan Yasir S , Chiodini Iacopo , Ronchi Cristina L
Published: April 2024

Background

Pheochromocytoma is associated with systemic inflammation but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between plasma metanephrine levels and hematological parameters—as a surrogate of inflammation—in patients with pheochromocytoma and the influence of preoperative α-blockade treatment.

Design and Methods

We retrospectively studied 68 patients with pheochromocytoma who underwent adrenalectomy (median age, 53 years; 64.7% females) and 2 control groups matched for age, sex, and body mass index: 68 patients with nonfunctioning adrenocortical tumors and 53 with essential hypertension. The complete blood count and several inflammation-based scores (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio [PLR], lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio [LMR], systemic-immune-inflammation index [SII], prognostic-nutrition index) were assessed in all patients and, in a subset of pheochromocytomas, after adrenalectomy (n = 26) and before and after preoperative α-blockade treatment (n = 29).

Results

A higher inflammatory state, as indicated by both complete blood count and inflammation-based scores, was observed in patients with pheochromocytoma compared with nonfunctioning adrenocortical tumors and essential hypertension. Plasma metanephrine levels showed a positive correlation with NLR (r = 0.4631), PLR (r = 0.3174), and SII (r = 0.3709) and a negative correlation with LMR (r = 0.4368) and prognostic-nutrition index (r = 0.3741), even after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, and tumor size (except for PLR). After adrenalectomy, we observed a reduction in NLR (P = .001), PLR (P = .003), and SII (P = .004) and a concomitant increase in LMR (P = .0002). Similarly, α-blockade treatment led to a reduction in NLR (P = .007) and SII (P = .03).

Conclusion

Inflammation-based scores in patients with pheochromocytoma showed pro-inflammatory changes that correlated with plasma metanephrine levels and are ameliorated by adrenalectomy and α-blockade.
Modified Function-Preserving Endoscopic Endonasal Extracapsular Resection of a Large Orbital Apex Cavernous Hemangioma
Authors: Khaleghi Mehdi , Carlstrom Lucas P. , Callejas Claudio Andres , Kobalka Peter , Carrau Ricardo , Prevedello Daniel M.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:

Various invasive oculoplastic procedures are commonly utilized to control the rectus muscles and widen the surgical corridor through the endoscopic endonasal removal of large orbital apex cavernous hemangiomas (OACHs). They require additional transconjunctival incision, rectus muscle insertional retraction, or muscle deinsertion at the globe that might not be safe and lead to prolonged postoperative extraocular muscle dysfunction. In this article, the authors described a modified 3-handed extracapsular technique for the resection of a large OACH without an additional procedure for rectus muscle control. The aim is to achieve a safe gross total tumor removal while minimizing the procedure-related complications. An intraoperative video is included, along with a stepwise cadaveric dissection relevant to the approach.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

A 71-year-old female presented with progressive left-sided blurred vision, binocular diplopia, and mild proptosis. Contrast-enhanced brain MRI revealed a large heterogeneous enhanced inferomedial intraconal mass in the left orbital apex, mostly consistent with cavernous hemangioma. Gross total tumor removal was achieved through a modified 3-handed endoscopic endonasal extracapsular approach. The diplopia was resolved, and significant visual improvement was achieved. Computed tomography scan demonstrated complete tumor removal, and histological examination confirmed the diagnosis.

CONCLUSION:

Endoscopic endonasal resection of large OACH can be feasibly performed by using a modified 3-handed extracapsular technique through the generous use of Q-tip swab applicators within the natural separation plane around the tumor capsule and a sequential traction-countertraction method. Subsequently, a gross total removal and optimal postoperative functional outcome are attainable through minimal rectus muscle fiber violation and intraconal fat manipulation.
Exhaled and Systemic Biomarkers to Aid the Diagnosis of Bronchial Asthma in Elite Water Sports Athletes
Authors: CSOMA BALÁzs , SYDÓ NÓRA , SZŰcs GERGŐ , SERES ÉVA , ERDÉLYI TAMÁS , HORVÁTH GÁBOR , CSULAK EMESE , MERKELY BÉLA , MÜLLER VERONIKA
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Our aim was to evaluate the accuracy of a combined airway inflammatory biomarker assessment in diagnosing asthma in elite water sports athletes.

Methods

Members of the Hungarian Olympic and Junior Swim Team and elite athletes from other aquatic disciplines were assessed for asthma by objective lung function measurements, and blood eosinophil count (BEC), serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) measurements, and skin prick testing were performed. A scoring system from BEC, FENO, serum IgE, and skin test positivity was constructed by dichotomizing the variables and assigning a score of 1 if the variable is elevated. These scores were summed to produce a final composite score ranging from 0 to 4.

Results

A total of 48 participants were enrolled (age 21 ± 4 yr, 42% male), of which 22 were diagnosed with asthma. Serum total IgE and FENO levels were higher in asthmatic individuals (68 [27–176] vs 24 [1–43], P = 0.01; 20 [17–26] vs 15 [11–22], P = 0.02), and positive prick test was also more frequent (55% vs 8%, P < 0.01). Asthmatic participants had higher composite variable scores (2 [1–3] vs 1 [0–1], P = 0.02). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that total IgE, FENO, and composite variable were suitable

for identifying asthmatic participants (area under the curve = 0.72, P = 0.01; 0.70, P = 0.02, and 0.69, P = 0.03). A composite score of >2 reached a specificity of 96.2%, a sensitivity of 36.4%, and a likelihood ratio of 9.5. Logistic regression model revealed a strong association between the composite variable and the asthma diagnosis (OR = 2.71, 95% confidence interval = 1.17–6.23, P = 0.02).

Conclusions

Our data highlight the diagnostic value of combined assessment of Th2-type inflammation in elite water sports athletes. The proposed scoring system may be helpful in ruling in asthma in this population upon clinical suspicion.
Προσδιορισμός της αγγείωσης και της αιματικής ροής του χοριοειδούς χιτώνα, των στιβάδων του αμφιβληστροειδούς και της οπτικής θηλής σε ασθενείς με καρδιαγγειακά προβλήματα μέσω αγγειογραφίας οπτικής τομογραφίας συνοχής
Authors: Σιδερή Άννα-Μαρία
Published: April 2024

Εισαγωγή: Η οπτική τομογραφία συνοχής (OCTA) προσφέρει μια λεπτομερή εικόνα της τριχοειδούς κυκλοφορίας του αμφιβληστροειδούς. Στόχος της παρούσας μελέτης αποτελεί η διερεύνηση της μορφολογικής και λειτουργικής συσχέτισης μεταξύ των μικροαγγειακών αλλαγών του αμφιβληστροειδούς και της μικροαγγειακής στεφανιαίας κυκλοφορίας σε σε ασθενείς με οξύ έμφραγμα μυοκαρδίου (στεφανιαία νόσο - CHD) με ανάσπαση του ST (STEMI), με χρήση της οπτικής τομογραφίας συνοχής – αγγειογραφίας (Optical Coherence Tomography – Angiography / OCT-A). Υλικό και Μέθοδος: Συνολικά εγγράφηκαν και απεικονίστηκαν 330 οφθαλμοί από 165 συμμετέχοντες (88 ασθενείς και 77 μάρτυρες). Η αγγειακή πυκνότητα του επιπολής τριχοειδικού πλέγματος (SCP) και του εν τω βάθει τριχοειδικού πλέγματος (DCP) μετρήθηκε στην κεντρική (1mm) και περιφερική (1-3mm) περιοχή, στην ανάγγεια ζώνη του κεντρικού βοθρίου (FAZ) και στη χοριοτριχοειδή στιβάδας (3mm). Οι παράμετροι αυτοί στη συνέχεια συσχετίστηκαν με το κλάσμα εξώθησης της αριστερής κοιλίας (LVEF) και τον αριθμό των προσβεβλημένων στεφανιαίων αρτηριών. Αποτελέσματα: Οι μειωμένες αγγειακές πυκνότητες στο SCP, στο DCP και στη χοριοτριχοειδή στιβάδα, συσχετίστηκαν θετικά με τις τιμές του LVEF (P = 0,006, P = 0,026 και P = 0,002, αντίστοιχα). Δεν βρέθηκε στατιστικά σημαντική συσχέτιση μεταξύ της κεντρικής περιοχής του SCP και του DCP ή της περιοχής της FAZ. Σχετικά με τον αριθμό των προσβεβλημένων αγγείων, παρατηρήθηκαν σημαντικές αρνητικές συσχετίσεις για τις αγγειακές πυκνότητες των κεντρικών περιοχών του SCP και του DCP (P < 0,001 και P < 0,001, αντίστοιχα), καθώς επίσης και για την αγγειακή πυκνότητα της περιφερικής περιοχής του SCP (P = 0,009). Συμπεράσματα: Οι OCTA αγγειακοί δείκτες συσχετίζονται σημαντικά με μορφολογικές και λειτουργικές παραμέτρους σε ασθενείς με STEMI. Η αγγειακή πυκνότητα του SCP φαίνεται ιδιαίτερα, να είναι ένας πολλά υποσχόμενος βιοδείκτης για την έκταση τόσο της μακροαγγειακής βλάβης η οποία σχετίζεται με τον αριθμό των προσβεβλημένων στεφανιαίων αρτηριών, όσο και της μικροαγγειακής βλάβης όπως αυτή αντικατοπτρίζεται στη μειωμένη τιμή του LVEF κατά την εισαγωγή.
Έρευνα σε θέματα μετρολογίας ραδονίου στο νερό και εκτίμησης κινδύνου από την οικιακή χρήση νερού σε περιοχές με σχετικά υψηλές συγκεντρώσεις ραδονίου στο νερό
Authors: Ομήρου Μιχαλάκης
Published: April 2024

Η διδακτορική διατριβή (ΔΔ) αποτελείται από τρία (3) βασικά σκέλη. Το πρώτος σκέλος αφορούσε την έρευνα σε θέματα μετρολογίας του ραδονίου στο νερό, όπου μελετήθηκαν και αξιολογήθηκαν οι απώλειες ραδονίου κατά τις διαδικασίες που προηγούνται της μέτρησής του (δειγματοληψία, μεταφορά, αποθήκευση) αλλά και κατά τη διάρκεια αυτής. Επίσης, πραγματοποιήθηκε διασύγκριση μεταξύ τριών διαφορετικών μεθόδων προσδιορισμού της συγκέντρωσης του ραδονίου στο νερό. Το δεύτερο σκέλος αφορούσε τη μελέτη της μεταφοράς (εκροής) του ραδονίου από το νερό στον αέρα. Μέσα από μετρήσεις που πραγματοποιήθηκαν σε δύο διαμερίσματα στο χωριό Αρναία εξήχθησαν οι αποδόσεις μεταφοράς του ραδονίου από το νερό στον αέρα για τις χρήσεις της βρύσης του μπάνιου και του ντους. Διερευνήθηκε επίσης ο αντίκτυπος της μεταφοράς του ραδονίου από το νερό στον αέρα στις συγκεντρώσεις ραδονίου στον αέρα του εσωτερικού χώρου (κατοικίας). Το τρίτο σκέλος αφορούσε την εκτίμηση του κινδύνου από την έκθεση στο ραδόνιο που περιέχεται στο οικιακό νερό για ένα σημαντικό ποσοστό (περίπου 20%) του ελληνικού πληθυσμού. Εξετάστηκε επίσης ο αντίκτυπος του γεωλογικού υποβάθρου και του τύπου παροχής νερού (επιφανειακά ύδατα, γεωτρήσεις) στη συγκέντρωση του ραδονίου στο νερό ύδρευσης. Τέλος, μελετήθηκε η χρονική διακύμανση του ραδονίου στο νερό ύδρευσης επιλεγμένων τοποθεσιών που τροφοδοτούνται από μία ή περισσότερες γεωτρήσεις, μέσω της οποίας εξήχθησαν χρήσιμα συμπεράσματα.
Local Multiset Dimension of Amalgamation Graphs
Authors: Alfarisi Ridho , Susilowati Liliek , Dafik Dafik , Prabhu Savari
Published: April 2024

\textbf{Background}: One of the topics of distance in graphs is the resolving set problem. Suppose the set $W=\{s_1,s_2,…,s_k\}\subset V(G)$, the vertex representations of $\in V(G)$ is $r_m(x|W)=\{d(x,s_1),d(x,s_2),…,d(x,s_k)\}$, where $d(x,s_i)$ is the length of the shortest path of the vertex $x$ and the vertex in $W$ together with their multiplicity. The set $W$ is called a local $m$-resolving set of graphs $G$ if $r_m (v|W)\neq r_m (u|W)$ for $uv\in E(G)$. The local $m$-resolving set having minimum cardinality is called the local multiset basis and its cardinality is called the local multiset dimension of $G$, denoted by $md_l(G)$. Thus, if $G$ has an infinite local multiset dimension and then we write $md_l (G)=\infty$. \\ \textbf{Methods}: This research is pure research with exploration design. There are several stages in this research, namely we choose the special graph which is operated by amalgamation and the set of vertices and edges of amalgamation of graphs; determine the set $W\subset V(G)$; determine the vertex representation of two adjacent vertices in $G$; and prove the theorem.\\ \textbf{Results}: The results of this research are an upper bound of local multiset dimension of the amalgamation of graphs namely $md_l(Amal(G,v,m))\leq m.md_l(G)$ and their exact value of local multiset dimension of some families of graphs namely $md_l(Amal(P_n,v,m))=1$, $md_l(Amal(K_n,v,m))=\infty$, $md_l(Amal(W_n,v,m))=m. md_l(W_n)$, $md_l(Amal(F_n,v,m))=m. md_l(F_n)$ for $d(v)=n$, $md_l(Amal(F_n,v,m))=m. \lfloor\frac{n}{4}\rfloor$. \\ \textbf{Conclusions}: We have found the upper bound of a local multiset dimension. There are some graphs which attain the upper bound of local multiset dimension namely wheel graphs\\
Effect of foot core exercises vs ankle proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on pain, range of motion, and dynamic balance in individuals with plantar fasciitis: a comparative study
Authors: Boob Manali , Phansopkar Pratik
Published: April 2024

Plantar fasciitis is generally described as an inflammation of the plantar fascia and adjacent tissues around calcaneus tuberosity. Plantar fasciitis onset has been proposed to have an internal mechanical cause, even though this is inadequately recognized. Studies related to alternation in lower-extremity biomechanics that leads to reduced domes of the foot are hypothesized to cause tension in the underlying fascia. Similarly, despite a wealth of anecdotal data suggesting a direct connection between foot mechanism and disability. This condition typically leads to calf muscular stiffness, soreness in the bottom of the feet, decreased range and foot function, strength, and balance impairment. These results interfere with the normal biomechanics of ambulation. A total of (n=66) individuals with plantar fasciitis will be selected for the trial. Subjects will be allocated to Groups A and B at equal allocation with randomization. Group A will undergo foot core exercises, while Group B will undergo ankle proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, with both groups receiving conventional treatment. The regimen lasts for 40 minutes, 5 days, for 6 weeks. Foot core exercises are exercises to strengthen the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the foot, which results in the improvement in the alignment of the foot. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises are the facilitatory technique to improve the range and strength of the muscles, which results in the improvement in balance. Ultrasound and stretching techniques were added as the conventional therapy to reduce the pain. The outcome measures will be assessed on the Foot Functional Index, modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Weight Bearing Lunge Test (WBLT) will be assessed at the initiation and completion of the entire treatment protocol. Results will be analyzed prior to and after therapeutic intervention. Based on the comparison of the two treatments' effects on measuring outcomes in individuals with plantar fasciitis, an analysis will be conducted.
Comparative efficacy of osteotome versus CAS kit-assisted indirect maxillary sinus lift and immediate implant placement in posterior atrophic maxilla: A clinico-radiological study
Authors: Shende Himanshu , Mundada Bhushan , Bhola Nitin
Published: April 2024

Background: The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes of conventional osteotome technique and CAS kit uses for indirect sinus lifting and immediate implant placement in atrophic posterior maxilla.

Methods: A total of 20 patients aged <18 years in which 60% males and 40% of females were included in this study requiring implant prosthesis in atrophic (RBH > 3mm) posterior maxilla with a minimum width of 6mm were included in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups by computerised allocation into one group undergoing sinus lift with osteotome, and the other with CAS kit. Statistical analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Dependent and independent variables were evaluated by the paired t-test and unpaired t-test respectively. A p<0.05 was set as the level of significance.

Results: Mean duration for implant placement in the CAS group was 13.40±2.98 and in patients the osteotome group was 22.10±2.55. Mean primary stability in patients with CAS group was 44±6.14 and patients with osteotome group were 35.50±7.61. Mean amount of bone regeneration radiographic evaluation at three months in patients of CAS group was 4.99±0.86 and in patients of osteotome group was 5.59±1.21. The mean amount of bone regeneration radiographic evaluation at nine months in the CAS group was 5.53±0.77 and 6.34±1.11 in the osteotome group.

Conclusions: CAS kit compared to osteotome was better in terms of operative time, primary stability, and marginal bone loss resulting in recommended modality.
Digital nursing promotion has increased ethics digital literacy: Program improvement
Authors: Hariyati Rr Tutik Sri , Handiyani Hanny , Zaharany Tsania Ayu , Merduaty Rona Cahyantari , Wildani Andi Amalia , Rachmi Shanti Farida , Gayatri Dewi , Rahman Laode Abdul , Kobayashi Nami
Published: April 2024

Introduction Digital technology plays a positive role in helping nursing services work more effectively and efficiently. This study reports on a competency improvement program based on the promotion of digital literacy. Methods This study applies the Assessment, Development and Design Program, Implementing and Evaluation (ADDIE) approach, which consists of five stages. The first is a study of gap assessment needs to increase digital literacy and an analysis using a Fishbone Diagram. The second to fifth stages are development, program design, implementation, and evaluation. The participants consisted of 10 nurses for the initial assessment using Focus Group Discussion. The sample for evaluating digital literacy pre- and post-implementation consisted of 25 nurses selected via purposive sampling. Nurses included in the evaluation stage are those who participated in digital literacy promotion. The instrument used was the “Person-Centered Digital Literacy” questionnaire, the validity of which was in the range of 0.497–0.897, with a reliability value of 0.975. Results In the first stage, the fishbone analysis recommended developing a program promoting digital literacy. Implementation was delivered to nurses after the flow and learning materials were developed and confirmed by nursing experts. The program increased perceptions (20%) of ethical attitude, awareness of data confidentiality and security, and use of social media with wisdom. Conclusion The promotion of digital literacy with ADDIE model is needed to improve the competency of nurses in digital technology.
Hospital based interventional study implementation of supervised quality improvement protocol in reducing surgical site infections in obstetrics and gynaecological major surgeries: A study protocol
Authors: patel Drashti , Tayade Surekha
Published: April 2024

Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) pose a significant challenge in obstetric and gynaecological surgeries, with incidence rates ranging from 0.5% to 15%. These infections not only impact patient outcomes but also contribute to extended hospital stays and increased healthcare costs. To address this issue, a hospital-based interventional study is proposed, focusing on the implementation of a comprehensive quality improvement protocol within the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital (AVBRH), Wardha. Methods The study will include approximately 800 obstetric and gynaecological surgeries per year. Ethical approval has been obtained and written informed consent will be obtained from all enrolled women. The intervention involves the implementation of a surgical site infection prevention quality improvement protocol, encompassing elements such as standardized pre-operative antiseptic agents, proper cleaning procedures, and the use of injectable cefazolin. A structured proforma will be developed for data collection, covering demographic details, surgical parameters, surgeon characteristics, and post-operative outcomes. Expected outcome This study aims to assess the efficacy of the quality improvement protocol in reducing the incidence of surgical site infections. We anticipate that the implementation of this protocol will lead to a significant reduction in SSIs, improving patient outcomes and safety in obstetric and gynaecological surgeries. The study's findings will not only contribute to the body of knowledge on infection prevention but will also serve as a valuable framework for enhancing surgical safety in similar healthcare settings. Continuous evaluation and refinement of the protocol will be crucial for sustained success in reducing SSIs and improving overall patient care.
An exploratory study of critical incidents within public organizations during leadership change
Authors: Suwanda Rian Pramana , Suhariadi Fendy , Suyanto Bagong , Wijoyo Suparto
Published: April 2024

Background Leadership changes within public organizations are often associated with achieving the organization’s vision. This exploratory study examines critical incidents and the anxiety experienced by the head of the department at the local government in the context of leadership change in the public organization. It explores anxiety, which has rarely been explored in connection with leadership change, especially with regard to public organizations and countries with a high-power distance culture. Thus, it comprehensively describes the sources, course, and consequences of anxiety due to leadership change. Methods Critical incident technique (CIT) was used to conduct analysis because of its suitability as a theoretical framework for the exploratory nature of this research. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews from 26 informants who served as heads of departments in cities. Results The findings revealed the causes, course, and consequence of the anxiety experienced in response to leadership change. Political choice, culture change, policy change, fear of loss, and unaccountable financing were identified as sources of anxiety. Anxiety manifested through negative, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. The consequences were divided into in-circle, out-circle, and ambivalence-circle participation. Conclusions High-power distance culture causes leaders to portray hegemony with boundaries that are difficult to access as well as appear more directive to strengthen control within the organization. The integrated model presented here (causes, course, and consequences of anxiety) is expected to enrich the integrated, modern, and emotional science through a functional account of the emotional approach. Cognitive and affective reactions have a two-way relationship, wherein emotion influences cognition and cognition elicits emotion.
A cross-sectional study approach towards management of ovarian tumour by frozen section at laparotomy and assessing its validity by gold standards of histopathology
Authors: Garapati Jyotsna , Jajoo Shubhada
Published: April 2024

Background Ovarian tumours represent a complex clinical challenge, requiring accurate diagnosis to guide appropriate surgical management. This study protocol outlines a cross-sectional investigation to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of frozen section analysis during laparotomy for ovarian tumours, comparing it with the gold standard of histopathology. Methods The study will be conducted over two years (2022-2024) at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital (AVBRH), Wardha, India. Fifty eligible patients with ovarian masses will be included, with data collected through comprehensive demographic and clinical assessments, ultrasonography, and computed tomography scans. Frozen section analysis will be performed during staging laparotomy, and diagnoses will be compared with final paraffin-embedded histopathological results. Statistical analyses will be conducted to assess diagnostic accuracy, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Expected outcomes The study aims to provide insights into the effectiveness of frozen section analysis as a real-time diagnostic tool for ovarian tumours, with implications for surgical decision-making. The results will be presented in peer-reviewed journals and conferences, enhancing clinical practice in gynecologic oncology.
VDR mRNA Expression And Serum Vitamin D Levels in Post-Covid Vaccinated Patients
Authors: Shende Sandesh , Rathored Jaishriram
Published: April 2024

The emergence of COVID-19 vaccines has reshaped the trajectory of the ongoing pandemic, offering hope for widespread immunity. Beyond conferring protection against SARS-CoV-2, these vaccines have exhibited intriguing immunomodulatory effects. This research explores the dynamic interplay among VDR mRNA expression levels, calcium (ionized and total), and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentrations in individuals post-COVID-19 vaccination. The Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) plays a pivotal role in immune regulation and is closely intertwined with calcium homeostasis. This study investigates the hypothesis that COVID-19 vaccination may induce alterations in VDR mRNA expression, subsequently influencing calcium metabolism and iPTH secretion. Our findings reveal dynamic shifts in VDR mRNA expression following COVID-19 vaccination, with distinct patterns observed across individuals. Concurrently, we observe ionized and total calcium levels alterations, hinting at potential links between VDR activity and calcium metabolism post-vaccination. Furthermore, iPTH levels exhibit intriguing fluctuations, suggesting a regulatory role of VDR in parathyroid hormone secretion. The integration of clinical outcomes and vaccine response data sheds light on the significance of these molecular and biochemical alterations. This research underscores the multifaceted impact of COVID-19 vaccination on VDR mRNA expression, calcium homeostasis, and iPTH regulation. Beyond the scope of vaccination, our findings may bear implications for immunomodulation in various disease contexts, particularly in individuals with pre-existing calcium-related disorders. In conclusion, our study unveils the intricate relationships among VDR mRNA expression, calcium levels, and iPTH concentrations in the context of post-COVID-19 vaccination. These discoveries extend our understanding of vaccine-induced immunomodulation and may pave the way for personalized vaccination strategies, while also opening new avenues for investigating the role of VDR in immune responses and calcium regulation beyond the pandemic.
Paediatric sequential organ failure assessment score (p-SOFA) as an outcome predictor in critically ill children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit in a tertiary care hospital in central India.
Authors: Malik Aashita , Taksande Amar
Published: April 2024

Background Pediatric intensive care remains a critical and challenging field, where early recognition of organ dysfunction and timely intervention are essential for improved patient outcomes. The Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (P-SOFA) score is a tool designed to assess organ dysfunction in critically ill children. This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the P-SOFA score in predicting morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Methods Over two years, we will enrol pediatric patients aged one month to 17 years in the PICU at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and AVBRH, Sawangi, Wardha, Central India. Data will be collected on demographic characteristics, clinical assessments, laboratory investigations, SOFA score calculations at admission and 48 hours later, treatments received, and outcomes. Inclusion criteria encompass patients with PICU stays exceeding 24 hours, while exclusion criteria include consent refusal, planned procedures for PICU admission, and PICU stays of less than 24 hours. Expected Results We anticipate that the P-SOFA score will be a valuable predictor of morbidity and mortality in critically ill pediatric patients. The study will also investigate the potential of ΔSOFA (change in SOFA scores) as an outcome indicator and compare the P-SOFA score with the Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score 2 (PELOD2) for mortality prediction.
A cross-sectional study of the association of exposure to web-based streaming platforms on the psychosocial behaviour and the sleep pattern of Indian youth
Authors: Chandra Vaibhav , Zahiruddin Quazi Syed , Choudhari Sonali , Gaidhane Abhay
Published: April 2024

Background The rapid proliferation of web-based streaming platforms has become a ubiquitous aspect of contemporary life, especially among the youth in urban areas. This study seeks to delve into the usage patterns and discern potential associations between web-based streaming platforms and the psychosocial behaviour, sleep patterns, and work and study routines of Indian youth in the Wardha District of Maharashtra and Central India. With the escalating prevalence of digital entertainment, understanding the impact on this demographic's mental well-being and lifestyle is imperative. Methods Employing a cross-sectional design, this study will involve youth aged 15-29 from urban communities and schools in the designated district. The sample size, determined by the Cochran formula, is 170 participants. A comprehensive data collection process will unfold by utilising validated assessment tools, including the Young's Internet Addiction Test, WHO (Five) Well-Being Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Eysenck's Personality Inventory. Statistical analyses, encompassing descriptive statistics, association tests, and regression analyses, will be conducted using SPSS version 23 software. Expected Outcome Anticipated outcomes of this study encompass a nuanced understanding of web-based streaming platform usage patterns, unveiling potential associations with psychosocial behaviours, sleep patterns, and work and study routines among Indian youth. The results are poised to contribute valuable insights into the intricate interplay between digital entertainment and the well-being of the urban youth population. Such findings can inform future interventions and strategies to foster a balanced and healthy digital lifestyle.
A digitalized analysis of incisal changes among orthodontically treated patients: A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Ajwa Nancy , Binsaeed Alhanouf , Aloud Shaikhah , Alanazi Raneem , Bin Mlafakh Hind , Alajmi Dalal
Published: April 2024

Background To compare incisor angulation and/or position changes among orthodontically treated patients with metal brackets and clear aligners. Methods A total of sixty-two participants of both sexes, aged–16–40 years old, with CL I skeletal pattern and mild crowding following strict eligibility criteria were included. The patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment approach. Pre and post lateral cephalograms were collected from Riyadh Elm University (REU) and then digitally analyzed using WEBCEPH (Medical Image Analysis) software. Eight angular and two linear measurements were used for the assessment. Results The upper incisor angulation and position showed statistically significant differences when orthodontic clear aligners were used. In contrast, no significant difference was observed with the conventional orthodontic treatment. However, the upper incisal palatal root torque decreased after clear aligner therapy compared to conventional treatment. The inter-incisal angle demonstrated a significant increase with clear aligners compared to conventional treatment. Conclusions The current study revealed the importance of definitive guidelines upon and after treatment, in addition to determining incisor changes. Orthodontic clear aligners are distinct from conventional treatments in controlling the incisors’ angulation and position. The expansion treatment modality precedes Interproximal reduction in increasing the arch perimeter.
Genomic and transcriptomic resources for the brown thornbill (Acanthiza pusilla) to support the conservation of a critically endangered subspecies
Authors: Silver Luke W. , Crates Ross , Stojanovic Dejan , Young Catherine M. , Belov Katherine , Farquharson Katherine A. , Heinsohn Rob , Hogg Carolyn J.
Published: April 2024

Abstract* The brown thornbill (Acanthiza pusilla) is a songbird endemic to eastern Australia with five recognised subspecies within the brown thornbill. The most notable is the King Island brown thornbill (Acanthiza pusilla magnirostris) of which there are less than 100 remaining and based on expert elicitation are the most likely Australian bird to become extinct in the next 20 years. We sequenced PacBio HiFi reads of the brown thornbill to generate a high-quality reference genome 1.25Gb in size and contig N50 of 20.1Mb. Additionally, we sequenced mRNA from three tissues to generate a global transcriptome to aid with genome annotation. The generation of a reference genome for the brown thornbill provides an important resource to align additional genomic data which will be produced in the near future.
Are Narrative CVs contributing towards shifting research culture? Workshop Report from the 2023 Recognition and Rewards Festival
Authors: Aubert Bonn Noémie , Morris James Peter , Sapcariu Sean , Stroobants Karen
Published: April 2024

Abstract* Background Over the past decade, calls for research assessment reform have grown, led by initiatives such as the Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) and the Leiden Manifesto, and, more recently, the Coalition for Advancing Research Assessment (CoARA). A key element being discussed as part of research assessment reform is a shift towards more qualitative assessments, focussed on the content of research and the broad skills and competencies of researchers, and the array of contributions they make to knowledge creation and innovation. Narrative CV formats have emerged as a good practice example for enabling qualitative assessments of research projects and researchers, and are becoming more widely piloted and implemented. Methods As part of the 2023 Dutch Recognition and Rewards Festival, the authors hosted a workshop to gather perspectives on Narrative CVs, including whether and how they may contribute to shifts in research culture that are needed to support research assessment reform. Results Participants, representing research organisations and the research community, discussed both beneficial and critical aspects of narrative-style CV implementations from their experiences. The effects observed since narrative CVs have been implemented were discussed, with perspectives provided on career prospects and the empowerment of the research community to direct change. Finally, the discussion turned to expectations for the future, with workshop participants calling for focus on the roles that narrative-style CVs can play in improving research careers, recognition of collaborative work, and equality, diversity, and inclusion. A short informal survey exploring levels of implementation of narrative CVs across different research organisations was run prior to the workshop, the results of which are also presented as part of this report. Discussion The authors intend to expand this discussion to other scientific and policy conferences, and this report serves as a basis for a wider and deeper dialogue in the community.
Analysis of the effectiveness and efficiency of the Indonesian metastatic bone disease of unknown origin algorithm (INA-MBD): time to diagnosis and cost to diagnosis : Quasi-experimental study
Authors: Putro Yuni Artha Prabowo , Aryandono Teguh , Widodo Irianiwati , Magetsari Rahadyan , Pramono Dibyo , Johan Muhammad Phetrus , Abidin Moh Asri , Wikantyasa Ardanariswara , Huwaidi A Faiz , Saraswati Paramita Ayu
Published: April 2024

Background Patients with Metastatic Bone Disease (MBD) often presenting with complaints of pain and multiple osteolytic lesions findings. Remarkably, 30% of these cases exhibit an undetected primary lesion. Hence, categorizing them as MBD of unknown origin. The diagnostic processes of patients with MBD of unknown origin typically takes up to four months, rendering it as a catastrophic disease with the second-highest financial burden. Given its urgency, it is necessary to develop a systematic and evidence-based consensus for managing cases of MBD with an unknown origin. Purpose This study aimed to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of treating patients with MBD of unknown origin through the application of the INA-MBD algorithm. Research method A quasi-experimental study with a pretest and post-test design was conducted with a total of 128 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were consecutively enrolled and categorized into two groups: the intervention group with the INA-MBD algorithm and the non-intervention group without the INA-MBD algorithm. The primary outcomes were the cost and time to diagnose MBD of unknown origin. The proposed measuring tool was the INA-MBD algorithm. Furthermore, for the cost-to-diagnosis variable, an extra measurement tool was used, which were summaries of the patient’s medical bill including hospital stays and medical procedures. The analysis of data related to the time-to-diagnosis variable was conducted using the Log Rank regression test, and cost-to-diagnosis variable was carried out using co-variance test.