bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Tuberculosis Among Korean Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Who Are Taking Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockers
Authors: KIM EUN-MI , UHM WAN-SIK , BAE SANG-CHEOL , YOO DAE-HYUN , KIM TAE-HWAN
Published: August 2011

Objective.

To assess the incidence and relative risk of new tuberculosis (TB) infections in Korean patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and patients with AS who are undergoing treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers.

Methods.

New cases of TB were identified by reviewing the medical records of 919 patients with AS not treated with TNF blockers and those of 354 patients with AS treated with adalimumab (n = 66), infliximab (n = 78), or etanercept (n = 210) between 2002 and 2009. Reference data were obtained from the Korean National Tuberculosis Association.

Results.

The mean incidence rate of TB was 69.8 per 100,000 person-years (PY) in the general population, 308 per 100,000 PY in the TNF blocker-naive AS cohort, and 561 per 100,000 PY in the TNF blocker-exposed AS cohort. The incidence rate of TB in the infliximab-treated AS cohort (540 per 100,000 PY) was higher than that in the adalimumab-treated AS cohort (490 per 100,000 PY). No cases of TB occurred in the etanercept-treated AS cohort. Comparing the relative risks of TB infections between the TNF blocker-exposed AS cohort and the TNF blocker-naive AS cohort, no statistically significant difference was identified (risk ratio 0.53; 95% CI 0.144–1.913).

Conclusion.

The risk of TB was higher in the TNF blocker-naive AS cohort than it was in the general population. However, the risk of TB was not increased in the TNF blocker-exposed AS cohort compared with the TNF blocker-naive AS cohort. Among patients with AS, etanercept is associated with a lower risk of TB compared with monoclonal antibodies.
Optimum Design of the 3Z-II Planet Drive Based on Matlab
Authors: Huang Qi Lin , Wang Yong , Xu Mao Lin , Wang Jun Gang , Luo Zhi Gang
Published: August 2011

According to the design theory of 3Z-II planet drive, this paper firstly design a transmission plan of a given example，then optimize the transmission plan by using the nonlinear optimization function ‘fmincon’ of MATLAB. Finally, this paper verifies the optimization result.
Mold Machining Process and Applying Technologies of Spiral Bevel Gears
Authors: Tie Xiao Yan , Zhang Hua
Published: August 2011

Mold processing had been the main method of the fast development in modern industry and production, which was the way to accelerate producing efficiency and reduce the cost. The performance and accuracy was the key to realizing molding processing of spiral bevel gears. In traditional, EDM(Electrical Discharge Machining) was used in manufacturing spiral bevel gears mold, which led to low precision for large processing error in the tooth surface of electrodes. Then surface accuracy and meshing performance couldn’t achieve to the expected demands. The way of modeling by three-dimensional software became a new selection with the high surface accuracy and simple modification process to surface. There were mainly injection, powder metallurgy, precision forging, die-casting and so on.
Computational Tooth Root Stress Analysis of Crossed Beveloid Gears with Small Shaft Angle
Authors: Song Chao Sheng , Zhu Cai Chao , Lim Teik Chin , Fan Rong
Published: August 2011

It is known that tooth bending failures are directly caused by the stress state at the tooth root or fillet regions of the gear teeth. In this study, the geometric and manufacturing of the fillet and root of crossed beveloid are investigated and a computational tooth stress prediction model is setup applying exact geometry-based mesh theory. The dominate fillet and root design parameter and load were examined in the loaded tooth contact analysis to analyze root stresses.
Improving Gearbox Design and Analysis for Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Long Hui , Wu Jing Ze , Firth Andrew
Published: August 2011

The paper outlines challenges in improving wind turbine availability to reduce the cost of offshore wind energy. It reports the development of a design software tool for wind turbine gearboxes. It facilitates efficient conceptual designs of wind turbine gearboxes with combinations of epicyclic and parallel gear trains. Field loading conditions are obtained by analysing SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) data to support fatigue damage estimation based on Miner’s rule. Results show that considerable overloading conditions are present which would result in significant fatigue damages to the gearbox.
Research on Digital Design and Manufacture Technology of Rolling Swing Movable Teeth Transmission
Authors: Yi Ya Li , An Zi Jun
Published: August 2011

The structure and drive principle of rolling swing movable teeth transmission was introduced. The theoretical and actual profile of central wheel was synthesized by methods of complex vector. Numerical model of central wheel was constructed and its profile curve was analyzed. Virtual model and assembly of swing movable teeth was made based on the software of PRO/E. The central wheel was manufactured on NC machine and a prototype of rolling swing movable teeth drive was made.
Generation and TCA of Straight Bevel Gear Drive with Modified Geometry
Authors: Jiao Ji Song , Cao Xue Mei
Published: August 2011

In order to reduce the sensitivity of straight bevel gear drives to misalignment, a new geometry of such gear drives is proposed in longitudinal direction. Point contact instead of line contact of tooth surfaces is achieved by longitudinal crowning of pinion tooth surface. The tooth surface modeling and tooth contact analysis (TCA) of straight bevel gear drives have been established. TCA program of a pair of straight bevel gears was performed in MATLAB and tooth bearing contact and transmission errors were obtained.
Dynamic Simulation Analysis of the Globoidal Indexing Cam Mechanism
Authors: Xu Feng , He Wei
Published: August 2011

A procedure for the dynamic simulation analysis of the globoidal indexing cam mechanism is presented. Fist of all, the 3D model of globoidal indexing cam mechanism is established. Then, the virtual model needed by ADAMS is directly achieved by converting the 3D assembly model through the interface of SimDesigner in CATIA. In ADAMS, the tendency curves of angle velocity, acceleration of the indexing plate and contact forces between the roller and cam are made by dynamic simulation. It is very obvious to see the influence of the thickness of preload plate and assembly error on the maximum acceleration of indexing disk from the simulation result, and it will contribute to the design and assembly the globoidal indexing cam mechanism.
Initial Pressure Influence on Pressure Flow Factor Used in Mixed-Lubrication Model
Authors: Meng Fan Ming , Chen Yuan Pei
Published: August 2011

The average flow model proposed by Patir and Cheng offers a great convenience for the mixed-lubrication analysis of rough surfaces. The pressure flow factor introduced by Patir and Cheng helps to analyze the influence of roughness on the average pressure and average flow of a lubricant between surfaces. This paper reports how to reasonably choose initial pressure in computing the pressure flow factor. The numerical results show that the pressure distribution and further pressure flow factor value are sensitive to an initial pressure in solving the pressure flow factor, and the initial pressure of a constant value is not suitable for the pressure flow factor calculation for a measured surface with many sample points. Meanwhile, the pressure flow code is demonstrated by the comparison of the pressure obtained numerically with the analytical solution of pressure.
Research on Lead Modification of Cylindrical Gears with Consideration of System Deformation
Authors: Xiong Shun , Zhang Yue Chun , Liu Ping , Wang Wen , Zuo Huang
Published: August 2011

A gearbox in concrete mixer truck was used as an example to study the effect of system deformation on the misalignment of gear mesh by applying the methods of FEA and tooth contact analysis. The variation of misalignment under different stiffness of system was compared. Gear misalignment was calculated on the basis of the system deformation analysis. The calculation result was used to determine the parameter of lead modification. Finally, it is proved that the method of determining lead modification parameter is reliable by the simulation analysis.
Scanning Measurement and Evaluation of Gear Tooth Root and Bottom Profiles
Authors: Kurokawa Syuhei , Kido Hiromitsu , Taguchi Tetsuya , Okada Tatsuki , Ohnishi Osamu , Doi Toshiro K.
Published: August 2011

Tooth root and bottom profiles of cylindrical gears affect bending fatigue life, but it is hard to measure them with conventional gear measuring machines (GMMs), because GMMs are normally customized to measure only gear working flanks. We try to develop a new type of GMM by installing an extra 3D scanning probe and control software to measure tooth root and bottom profiles. To be able to measure in various directions, a 3D scanning probe instead of a single directional scanning probe has been attached to a GMM developed, which has servo and linear driving motors generating less heat. Discrete point measurement and scanning measurement of tooth root and bottom profiles of cylindrical gears is described and evaluation of measured results is discussed.
Superplastic Forming of Combustion Chamber
Authors: Lee Ho Sung , Yoon Jong Hoon , Yoo Joon Tae , Yi Yeng Moo
Published: August 2011

The major advantage of superplastic forming (SPF) technology is that it can form integral and complex components in simple operation, since it is possible to form one or more sheets of superplastic grade metal into single surface tools by relatively low gas pressure. Duplex steel contains two phases in nearly equal proportions which can suppress grain growth at a high temperature, like superplastic Ti-6Al-4V, and many duplex stainless steels with fine grained microstructures show superplastic behavior. In this study, superplastic forming technology was developed to fabricate a duplex stainless steel sheet for the outer surface of liquid propellant combustion chamber. Superplasticity of this alloy was investigated and forming methodology was analyzed and developed. The experimental results show a complex configuration of aerospace component was successfully fabricated by superpalstic forming of a sheet of duplex stainless steel.
Droplet Movement on a Low Cost EWOD According to Applied Frequencies and Voltages
Authors: Phongsomboon Chadchawarn , Sukhthang Kreeta , Wechsatol Wishsanuruk , Tuantranont Adisorn , Lomas Tanom
Published: August 2011

In this work, an electro-wetting on dielectric device (EWOD) with array style electrodes was fabricated from low price and common electronic materials. With its low cost and uncomplicated fabrication process, it is useful and feasible in teaching and educating young engineers on such droplet movement technique. The array electrodes were made from a common printed circuit board and copper tapes. The applied fabrication technique is mentioned in this paper. The water droplet movement in corresponding to the applied frequencies and voltage is reported.
Composition and Transitional Temperature Range of Several Nickel-Titanium Alloy Wires in Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Isarapatanapong Rutchadakorn , Dechkunakorn Surachai , Anuwongnukroh Niwat , Chiranavanit Nattiree , Kajorchaiyakul Julathep , Khantachawana Anak
Published: August 2011

Objective: The study aimed to clarify the compositions of 14 brands of superelastic NiTi orthodontic wires. Materials and Methods: The compositions were analysed through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The wires were tested in differential scanning calorimetry to find the transitional temperature range. Results: The compositions were nickel (50.085%-51.605%), titanium (46.675%-48.140%), copper (0.995%-1.155%), aluminum (0.220%-1.325%), chromium (0%-0.275%) and iron (0%-0.030%). None contained cobalt. G&H, Ormco, AMDG, IMD, Smart, TruFlex, Force 1, NIC, Sentalloy, Ortho Supply and Flexwire were almost or completely austenitic in the oral environment, whereas Highland, Grikin and Unitex were a mixture of austenitic and martensitic phase. The wires showed austenitic finish temperatures ranging from 17°C to 59°C. Conclusions: The results show that NiTi orthodontic arch wires have differences in composition and phase transformation. This information is valuable to evaluate differences in NiTi orthodontic wires for clinical use.
Analysis of A/C Double Angular Milling Head’s Performance
Authors: Zheng Peng , Zuo Duo , Wang Yuan Hui
Published: August 2011

We design a set of milling head test series in order to test the properties of the A/C double angular milling head. The article gives the primary test method as a comprehensive test for the whole series’ property, precision, stiffness, and mechanical performance to make the milling head excellent property.
Study on Using Low Quality Fly Ash to Produce Baking-Free Bricks
Authors: Tao Wen Hong , Fu Xing Hua , Yang Zhong Xi
Published: August 2011

In this paper we studied the feasibility of baking-free bricks which were produced in condition of high pressure and natural curing. Studied the influence of shaping pressure, molding water on performances of baking-free bricks, and the active probability of activating agents which contain phosphogypsum, and lime of different amounts. The experiments showed that the best shaping pressure is 20MPa, the preferable molding water is 14-18%, and the best raw material composition is 50% fly ash, 33% stone clips, 4% phosphogypsum, 3% lime, and 10% cement. SEM was used to study the relationship between structure and performance.
Photoluminescence Properties of InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum Well Light Emitting Diodes by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Kuo Ting Wei , Kong Ling Min , Feng Zhe Chuan , Liu Wei , Chua Soo Jin , Huang Ying Sheng
Published: August 2011

Luminescence properties of blue emission InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) light emitting diodes (LEDs), grown on sapphire substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), were studied by time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopic technique. Samples involved have similar basic structures of three QWs but different well-composition and barrier/well dimensions. TRPL results show that PL intensity and decay time increase with the number of QWs and the indium composition. Correlation of physical properties with crystalline perfection open the way for optimized designs of InGaN MQW LED, with controlled the indium composition and QW numbers.
Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Embedded Gadolinium Oxide
Authors: Luo Ning Qi , Huang Zhan Yun , Luo Ping , Shao Yuan Zhi , Chen Di Hu
Published: August 2011

We first synthesized gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) by a modified “polyol” strategy and then embedded it into mesoporous silica by a simple self-assembly sol-gel reaction. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results show that the samples have good sphericity and good dispersibility. The structure of mesoporous silica was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD). Results show that the mesoporous structure has not been destroyed after gadolinium oxide imbedding. The ratio of gadolinium and silica was determined by the mean of energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).
Correlation of Structural and Optical Properties of nc-Ge/a-Si Multilayers Grown by Ion Beam Sputtering
Authors: Song Chao , Huang Rui , Wang Xiang , Song Jie , Guo Yan Qing
Published: August 2011

The nc-Ge/a-Si multilayer structures were fabricated by ion beam sputtering technique on silicon substrates at temperature of 400 °C. Raman scattering spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and room temperature photoluminescence were used to characterize the structure and optical property of the samples. It was found that the nc-Ge/a-Si multilayer sample can be obtained when the Ge sublayer is 3 nm. The room temperature photoluminescence was observed and the luminescent peak is located at 685 nm. Compared with the a-Ge/a-Si film, the intensity of PL of the nc-Ge/a-Si multilayer film becomes stronger due to the higher volume fraction of crystallized component.
Phase Diagram of the LiCl-MgCl2-Na2cSiO3-H2O System at 150°C and Synthesis of Hectorite
Authors: Wang Jun , Jia Yong Zhong , Yao Ying , Sun Jin He , Ma Jun , Yin Xiao Jie , Luo Qing , Jing Yan
Published: August 2011

The phase equilibrium of the LiCl-MgCl2-Na2­SiO3-H2O (LMNH) quaternary system at 150°C was studied and the phase diagram of the system was plotted, in order to synthesize hectorite with the nature brine, which was rich in lithium and magnesium. The solid phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). It was found that hectorite, lithium silicate, karpinskite and brucite can be formed in this system.
Characterizations and Crystal Structure of Metallic Ion Doped Titania Nanofiber by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Lu Ying , Shao Chang Lu , Zhang Peng , Zhang Ming Yi , Zhang Zhen Yi , Zhang Xin , Li Mao Ying , Sun Wei Wei
Published: August 2011

A simple and novel method to synthesize metallic ion doped titania was investigated. In this work, undoped titania, stannum/titania, vanadium/titania and strontium/titania nanofibers have been fabricated by a sol-gel method with electrospinning techniques. The as-prepared composite nanofibers were incinerated at 500 °C respectively. The nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-vis diffuse reflectance (DR) spectroscopy. The results suggest that crystal structures of stannum/titania, vanadium/titania and strontium/titania composite nanofibers were changed due to different material ion disturbing.
Preparation and Characterization of Hydrophobic Mesoporous SiO2 Aerogel
Authors: Liu Hong Xia , Chen Song , Shao Rong , Dong Rui , Jia Ming Lin
Published: August 2011

Hydrophobic mesoporous silica aerogels were synthesized using cheap industrial grade tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as precursor by ambient pressure drying.The silica alcogels were prepared by acid-base sol-gel polymerization of the TEOS, the surfaces of silica alcogels were modified using trimethylchlorosilane/ hexamethyldisiloxane via simultaneous solvent exchange and surface modification. The attachment of trymethylsilyl (-Si(CH3)3) groups to the silica surface was confirmed by the presence of Si-CH3 peaks at 2963, 1256 and 845 cm−1 in the IR spectra. Properties of the aerogels were examined by SEM, TEM, XRD, BET and DTA-TG analyses. The results indicate that the aerogels in a typical amorphous state have a highly porous network with an average pore diameter in the range of 5–10 nm, have high specific surface area (931 m2/g) and are thermally stable up to 322 °C.
Repeated Synthesis of MCM-48 Microspheres with a Fixed Ethanol-to-Water Ratio
Authors: Qin Lu Lu , Zhao Hui , Wang Hai Xia , Liu Shi Quan
Published: August 2011

MCM-48 microspheres have been repeatedly synthesized in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-tetraethylorthosilicate-ammonia solution-water media with a fixed alcohol-to-water molar ratio of 0.15 by increasing the amounts of water and ethanol simultaneously. The cubic ordered pore arrangement is proved by the XRD and TEM measurements. Experiments show that the sole increase in either the ethanol or water addition would result in the formation of MCM-41 mesophase. The results indicate that the alcohol-to-water molar ratio is an important factor for controlling the formation of MCM-48 microspheres. The mechanism is primarily discussed.
Study on the Kinetics of Phosphor-Gypsum Pyrolysis
Authors: Zhou Ming Kai , Ying Guo Liang , Li Bei Xing , Xie Tian
Published: August 2011

In this paper, an Infrared Sulfur Analyzer is set to measure the desulphurization degree during thermal decomposition of phosphor-gypsum, which provides a much quick, convenient, continuous and accurate method. It might be considered as an effective way to study kinetics of phosphor-gypsum (or phosphogypsum) thermal decomposition (or pyrolysis). With the help of this method, the desulphurization degree and desulphurization rate of broadly constituted phosphor-gypsum samples in the temperature range of 1250-1400°C were studied. The experimental results show that the desulphurization degree increase with the rising of temperature in the range of 1250-1300°C quickly, however, this increase is not obvious when the temperature is above 1300°C. Besides, the corresponding regression equations are obtained. The decomposition degree of phosphor-gypsum could be judged according to the regression equations mentioned above.
Effect of Kaolin on the Properties of Flue Gas Desulphurization Gypsum-Steel Slag Cementitious Materials
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Zhi , Fan Li Ying , Shi Guo Pu
Published: August 2011

The effects of kaolin on the properties of flue gas desulphurization gypsum-based steel slag composites were analyzed in this article and the influence rules of setting time, final setting time on the flexural strength and compressive strength of cementitious composites were also discussed. The micro-morphology of the composite was observed by scanning electron microscope. At the same time, the excitation mechanism of kaolin on gas desulphurization gypsum-based steel slag was put forward. It was demonstrated that kaolin with content of 3% in the composites can better stimulate the activity of steel slag and improve the mechanical properties of cementitious composites.
The Relationship Between the TiO2 Photocatalyst Deactivation, Regeneration and the Concentration of the Surface Adsorbed SO42-
Authors: Huang Yue , Zhou Zhong Hua , Wu Yu Ping , Meng Yan Chao , Shen Shirley
Published: August 2011

The photolysis ability and adsorption ability of TiO2was detected and measured using acetaldehyde as a probe. The quantitative relationship between the TiO2deactivation and the concentration of the surface adsorbed SO42-was obtained by intentional controls of the concentrations of the surface adsorbed SO42-. When the concentration of the surface adsorbed SO42-reached 2.0 wt%, the photolysis ability of the TiO2photocatalyst decreased by 50%, and when the concentration was 2.9 wt%, the TiO2adsorption ability decreased by 50%. 90% of the absorbed SO42-can be removed after the samples have been washed by overflowing water for 2 hours at a rate of 2 L.min-1and the photocatalytic activity can be regenerated. This work will help to predict the lifetime of TiO2photocatalyst in actual applications as well as to understand its regenerations of the photocatalytic capability.
Study on the Oil-Absorbing Materials with Waste Plastics
Authors: Gong Yu Jun , Qiu Song Shan , Zhang Ye , Wei Jin Ping
Published: August 2011

The shockproof foam (EPE) was screened out as a cheap and efficient oil-absorbing material in this paper. The influences of the particle size, the time of oil-absorbing, the aperture size of waste plastics, oil slick thickness on the oil-absorbing properties were investigated. The second and third time oil-absorbing capacities were also discussed. The results showed that (a) the best conditions of recovering spilled oil by use of shockproof foam (EPE) were as follows: the size of particle was 5mm, the time of absorption was 15 min, and the thickness of oil layer was more than 2 mm. (b) After appropriate pressing and centrifugal deoiling, the quality of oil-absorbing was effective in second and third time. The saturated oil-absorbing capacity reached to 30g/g. The double control effect was achieved by waste to pollution.
Study on Performance of Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti Sacrificial Anode
Authors: Huang Yan Bin , Song Gao Wei , Ding Hua Dong , Shao Xin Hai
Published: August 2011

The dissolve behavior and cathode protection performance of Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti anode was studied by electrochemistry impedance spectrum technology, weight-loss measurement and SEM in natural corrosion and self-discharge experiment. The results show that the 7A52 corrosion rate was decreased at a certain extent which under the protection of sacrifice anode in the self-discharge experiment, but the protection was inefficient and sacrificial anode corrosion products fell off uneasily. Natural corrosion sacrifice anode surface influenced by the corrosion product and the oxide film, the number of active pot was reduced with the progress of experiment.
Study on the Addition of SiO2 into Lithium-Iron-Phosphate Glass
Authors: Yang Rui Juan , Wang Ying Hui , Liu Hua Li , Liu Shi Quan
Published: August 2011

Different amounts of SiO2 were used to substitute P2O5 to prepare lithium-iron-phosphate glass melts. It was found that glass can only formed after annealing the melt cast sample if the sample contains SiO2 not more than 5 mol%. The addition of 5 mol% SiO2 into the lithium-iron-phosphate glass strengthens the phosphate glass network. The density, chemical durability, both the transition and crystallization temperatures increase with the addition of SiO2. In addition, the addition of SiO2 results in the decrease in the activation energy of lithium-iron-phosphate glass, making the glass easier to crystallize. However, both the lithium-iron-phosphate glass and the glass with SiO2 show surface crystallization with LiFeP2O7 as the crystalline phase.
Preparation of L-Tryptophan Imprinted Polymer Microspheres in Aqueous Media by In Situ Grafting on Surface
Authors: Ding Jie , Chen Shuang Shuang , Li Xiao , Ying Xiao Guang , Jiang Shang Feng , Weng Sen , Zhang Wei Ying
Published: August 2011

In situ grafting on surface was developed to modify porous microspheres. Functional monomers were grafted onto the porous microspheres. The grafting yield was up to 54.6%. The self-assembly of functional monomer and L-tryptophan molecules was verified by UV spectrometry. The surface imprinted polymer microspheres (SMIPs) were synthesized based on the in situ grafting on surface. The competitive binding experiments were carried out to assess the recognition. The results showed good selectivity of the SMIPs towards target molecule. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to description of the experimental adsorption isotherm. The analysis suggested that the adsorbing behavior of SMIPs was in agreement with Langmuir isotherm equation.
Effect of Glycerol on the Self-Assembly of P123 in a Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid [Bmim]PF6
Authors: Li Xiao Nan , Pei Mei Shan , Wang Lu Yan , Wang Li
Published: August 2011

Phase behavior of ternary systems involving PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymer (Pluronic P123), room-temperature ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexaﬂuorophosphate [Bmim]PF6, and glycerol is investigated at 25 °C by using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques. In this ternary system, the structures formed in the binary P123/[Bmim]PF6 system, hexagonal phase (H1) and lamellar phase (Lα), are still obtained. At lower P123/[Bmim]PF6 ratio, the H1 phase can accommodate more than 30 % glycerol. At higher P123/[Bmim]PF6 ratio, the Lα phase only accommodates less than 2 % glycerol and Lα changes to H1 with increasing the glycerol content. Moreover, a phase separation takes place at a higher glycerol content. Solvatophobic interactions between hydrophobic groups of [Bmim]PF6 and P123, coulombic force existing in the polyoxyethylene chain and imidazolium cation, H-bond between P123 and glycerol, accompanying with the force ascribe to the nitrogen of the imidazole ring and the oxygen of alcohol are helpful for the formation of long-range ordered structure.
Preparation, Characterization and Microwave Absorption Properties of Nano/Micro Carbon Fiber
Authors: Duan Xiao Ping , Jin Jun Hong , Yang Sheng Lin , Li Guang
Published: August 2011

Carbon fiber with diameter in the range of nano to micro meter was prepared by carbonization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) blend fiber which was produced via wet spinning of PAN/PMMA blend solution. At the same technical condition, the high molecular of PAN favored the production of thin diameter of carbon fiber, and the high drawing ratio led to small diameter of the obtained nano/micro carbon fiber. The formation of graphite structure during carbonization was characterized by Raman and X-ray diffraction. The results improved that high temperature of carbonization developed high degree of graphitization and high conductivity of the nano/micro carbon fiber. The composites containing 2-8wt% of the obtained nano/micro carbon fiber were fabricated. The complex permittivity ε’ and ε’ for the composites in the frequency range of 8-12 GHz was measured, and the reflection loss for 180×180×3mm3 composites was also investigated. The microwave absorption property of these composites was improved greatly with increasing content of the nano/micro carbon fibers. At the addition of 8 wt% of the nano/micro carbon fiber, the reflection loss of the composite displayed -16dB at 11.3GHz, and the band with smaller than -5dB was 3GHz. Moreover, the calculated results based on the complex permittivity seem identical with the experimental values.
The Effect of Depositing Time on the MPCVD of Diamond on Porous Carbon Monolith
Authors: Mei Qian , Yu Xiao Jiao , Zhao Bin Yuan , Li Rong Bin , Lay Yi Jian , Hu Ke Ao
Published: August 2011

Porous carbon monolith was used as substrate for microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. The depositing time was set as 1 hour, 3hours, and 5 hours respectively. The deposited samples were characterized with Raman spectroscope and scanning electron microscope. It was proved that diamond was formed on the surface of all the samples. However, the surface morphology and phase composition of the chemical vapor deposition layer changed with depositing time. It was deduced that the porous carbon monolith was a carbon resource, and it gave out small molecules containing carbon element during the deposition. This changed the ratio of carbon to hydrogen in the growing atmosphere, and correspondingly influenced the growth of carbon on the substrate. With a low ratio of carbon to hydrogen, mainly diamond grew. Or else, other types of carbon would grow on the surface of the porous carbon monolith substrate.
Silicon Microfabrication Processes Including Anodic Bonding of Extremely Thin (60 μm –Thick) Silicon on Glass
Authors: Nara Takayuki , Oku Kouki , Fukai Hirofumi , Hatagouchi Hideki , Nishioka Yasushiro
Published: August 2011

A new silicon MEMS process has been proposed utilizing anodic bonding of an extremely thin silicon film (60 m) on a glass substrate, followed by photo lithographically defining micro spring structures on the silicon film and dry etching the silicon film using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) dry etcher. After that, the underneath glass was selectively etched off using a hydrofluoric (HF) solution to release the micro spring. This technique was successfully applied to a micro vibration detection sensor with the silicon microspring with a cross section of 10 m x 60 m with a length longer than 500 m.
Influence of the Quality of AlN Buffer Layer on the Quality of GaN Epitaxial Layer on Silicon Substrate
Authors: Zhang Kang , Lu Tai Ping , Li Shu Ti
Published: August 2011

The effect of AlN buffer layer on the quality of GaN epilayer grown on Si substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has been investigated. It was found that the quality of GaN epilayer strongly related with the crystal quality of AlN buffer layer. As the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of AlN (0 0 2) plane increased from 1.23 degree to 3.41 degree, the FWHM of GaN (0 0 2) plane varied from 432 arcsec to 936 arcsec and the FWHM of GaN (1 0 2) plane varied from 677 arcsec to 1226 arcsec. Besides, more cracks formed and threading dislocation (TD) density increased. The deteriorated AlN buffer layer also led to a rougher morphology of the GaN layer, as can be seen from the root mean square (RMS) roughness of GaN layer which varied from 0.178 nm to 0.476 nm. And the morphology of AlN and the quality of GaN epilayer are not appear to be relevant due to the ruleless values of RMS roughness of AlN.
ABS Fabrics Chemically Plated by Cu/Ni-P as Electromagnetic Shielding Material
Authors: Yu Cheng Da , Deng Qi Bin , Li Ping , Wang Ming Cun , Wang Yong Feng
Published: August 2011

In this paper, a novel composite material of Acrylonitrile-Butadlene-Styrene resin (ABS)-based fabric coated with Cu/Ni-P was prepared via chemical redox plating technique. A series of such composite materials with varying thickness of Cu and Ni-P showed remarkable electromagnetic shielding ability. With the increase of Cu thickness, the shielding effect (SE) increased gradually, but leveled off after 1.5μm at a SE of about 70dB. Similarly, with the increase of the depth of Ni-P coats, the SE showed a trendency of gradual increase, and leveled off after 1.0μm at a SE of about 45dB. The optimum ABS/Cu/Ni-P was Cu 1.5μm and Ni-P 1.0μm unilaterally. The ABS/Cu/Ni-P composite material possessed excellent shielding ability in the range of 0.001-1000MHz at a stable SE of >80dB, and it also possessed ideal shielding effect in the range of >36GHz. But in the range of 10-18GHz, the shielding effect is slightly decreased gradually to about 60dB. So the ABS/Cu/Ni-P fabric composite is an ideal candidate for electromagnetic shielding material at low and high frequency radiations.
TiN Modified Layer on the 20CrNiMo Steel Surface by Needle–Shape Cathode Glow Plasma Discharging
Authors: Chen Fei , Chen Jia Qing , Zhou Hai
Published: August 2011

The structure made of alloying and coating layers of TiN was achieved on the surface of 20CrNiMo steel by the needle-shape cathode glow discharging. It is aimed to reduce the friction coefficient of the 20CrNiMo and to improve the property of the wear-resistance. The morphology of TiN modified layer at cross section was observed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The friction and wear behavior of the TiN layer under dry sliding against GCr15 steel was evaluated on a MFT-4000 high speed to-and-fro wear test rig. The results showed that it was feasible to prepare TiN modified layer of 40μm thickness by the needle-shape cathode glow plasma discharging. It has been found that the TiN modified layer has excellent friction and wear-resistant behaviors. The friction coefficient of the 20CrNiMo substrate was about 0.324 under dry sliding, while the TiN modified layer experienced much abated friction coefficient to 0.169 under the same testing condition.
Abrasion Behavior of Superhydrophobic Films Comprised of Polyurethane Elstomer
Authors: Su Chang Hong , Xu You Qian , Li Cheng Feng , Cong Ri Min , Tan Hong Sheng
Published: August 2011

A series of superhydrophobic films comprised of polyurethane elastomer with different mechanical property was fabricated via polymer replica, and a friction testing was used to evaluate their abrasion resistance. Some of as-prepared superhydrophobic films exhibited durability against abrasion: after being loaded with 2945.7 Pa and being rubbed by a polish metal surface at 18cm s-1 20000 times, contact angle remains more than 155°, which demonstrate that the abrasion resistance of superhydropobic films depend on the tensile strength and ultimate elongation of elastic micro-protuberances on films.
Study on the Curing Kinetics of Epoxy Resin in Self-Healing Microcapsules with Different Shell Material
Authors: Tong Xiao Mei , Zhang Min , Yang Ming Zheng
Published: August 2011

The curing process of self-healing microcapsules containing epoxy resin was studied with different shell material such as Poly (urea-formaldehyde), poly (melamine-urea-formaldehyde), Poly (urea-formaldehyde) modified by polyvinyl alcohol, and Poly (urea-formaldehyde) modified by phenol, respectively. The activation energy (ΔE) and the reaction order (n) have been obtained based on Kissinger method, Crane theory and Arrhenius equation. The results showed that: the curing process of epoxy resin as core material in self-healing microcapsules becomes more difficult compared with non-microencapsulated. The stability of shell material impacts on the cure process of core material. The resulting decomposition products of shell materials may participate in the curing reaction. So choosing suitable shell material is particularly important to self-healing microcapsules.
Grinding Characteristics and Removal Mechanisms of LaPO4/Al2O3 Micro-Nano Composite Ceramics
Authors: Zhang Wen Lai , Wang Xin , Liu Chao Hong , Jiang Gui Jun , Zheng Qiu Ju
Published: August 2011

In this paper, the prepared LaPO4/Al2O3composite ceramics were ground by the surface grinding machine. The phase composition and morphology of the coated powders as well as the microstructure of grinding surface of the ceramics were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The results show that the coated powders have a distinct core-shell structure which has a great effect on material’s removal approaches. The main fracture mode is caused by intragranular fracture of layered LaPO4rather than the weak interface. Besides, the primary grinding removal mechanism of LaPO4/Al2O3composite ceramics mainly rise from cracks propagating along the interlayer of LaPO4.
Study on the Adaptability Between the Amount of C3S Mineral in Alite-Sulphoaluminate Cement Clinker and the Fly Ash
Authors: Wu Yuan Chao , Liu Xiao Cun , Li Bao Liang , Liu Tong , Wang Wei Shan , Li Yan Jun
Published: August 2011

The paper studied the adaptability between alite-sulphoaluminate cement clinkers with different amount of C3S and the fly ash admixture. The results showed that: with a fixed content of C3S, the setting time of the cement delayed, and the compressive strength of the cement decreased with increasing amount of fly ash admixture. With a fixed content of the fly ash admixture, the setting time of the cement delayed, the compressive strength of the cement increased with the increase amount of C3S, and the lowed percentage of the strength decrease at each ages; With addition of fly ash admixture, the early compressive strength of the cement decreased more, while the later compressive strength decreased less. Clinker with higher C3S content showed better adaptability with high addition amount of fly ash admixture.
Experimental Investigation of Static Characteristics of a Vacuum Preloaded Aerostatic Bearing
Authors: Liu Shan Shan , Chen Han , Chen Xue Dong
Published: August 2011

A vacuum preloaded circular aerostatic bearing was designed and its static characteristics were investigated experimentally. The load carrying capacity and air film thickness of the bearing were measured for different air supply pressure and vacuum pressure values. An orthogonal table was constructed to optimize the experimental measurement. Regression analysis was performed on the experimental results to obtain an analytical model of the bearing stiffness as a function of the load carrying capacity, air supply pressure and vacuum pressure. Accuracy of this analytical model in predicting static characteristics of the aerostatic bearing was validated by comparison with experimental data, and influences of the functioning parameters were also discussed.
Preparation of Epoxy Resin Composites by Chitosan Modified Montmorillonite
Authors: Chen Ying , Xie Jing , Shen Shang Yue , Jin Ping
Published: August 2011

OMMT was compounded by MMT and 1% (v/v) acetic acid dissolved chitosan via solution intercalate method, and then prepared the composites with epoxy resin. The change about spacing of montmorillonite was tested by XRD, and the molecular structure of OMMT was tested by Fourier infrared spectrum. The tensile strength and impact strength of epoxy resin composites were also tested. The result showed that the spacing of montmorillonite first increased then decreased along with the increasing mass fraction of chitosan. The maximum value (d001=1.983 nm) appeared when mass fraction of chitosan was 30%. And tensile strength and impact strength were improved by 86.8 and 51.2% respectively.
Study on Preparation of NR/BR Table Tennis Bat Rubber
Authors: Xing Hong Long , Tao Qi Yu
Published: August 2011

Table tennis bat rubber was prepared by using natural rubber (NR) and butadiene rubber (BR). The effects of the blending ratio of NR and BR, contents of accelerator and sulfur on the performance of rubber racket were studied. The results showed that when under conditions of 160°C, 10min and 15MPa in the curing press, total amount of material is 100 phr .Including the NR/BR ratio was 0.65/0.35 (wt), the content was 90 phr the accelerator of DM/D ratio was 0.382/0.618, the content was 2.5 phr and the content of sulfur was 2.5 phr, the compound had a high vulcanization rate, an excellent physical and mechanical properties and aging performance.
Magnetic Properties and Structures of HDDR Nd2Fe14B-Based Magnet
Authors: Lian Fa Zeng , Tang Jian , You Jun Hua
Published: August 2011

The phase structures and the magnetic properties of HDDR magnet powders produced from the alloys with a nominal composition of Nd14FebalCo14B6.5AlxZry (x=0, ~0.35; y= 0, ~0.35) have been studied. The variation of the magnetic properties of the bonded magnets with HD temperature and DR temperature was investigated. A scruple addition of Al is useful to improve the magnetic properties of HDDR bonded magnets. And the composite addition of a little Al and Zr can further enhance the magnetic properties. As x = 0.15 and y = 0.1, the magnet properties can reach iHc = 990 kA/m, Br = 0.86 T and (BH)max = 118.4kJ/m3. The reasons for the enhancement of the magnetic properties by the composite addition of a little Al and Zr are analyzed.
Expanded Graphite/Carbon Nanotube as Counter Electrode for DSSCs
Authors: Li Xia , Wei Yan Shuang , Jin Qian Qian , Ren Tie Zhen
Published: August 2011

A kind of carbon nanotube/expanded graphite (EG/CNT) was used as counter electrodes for the DSSCs following five different weight ratios of 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, and 0:1. The impedance spectra and J-V curves were recorded using the Zahner Zennium CIMPS system based on an IM6x electrochemical workstation. The dynamic parameters of the cells were discussed with the intensity-modulated photo current spectroscopy (IMPS) and the intensity modulated photo voltage spectroscopy (IMVS) using white light-emitting diode (75w/m2, 604nm, LED) as the light source.
Experiments of Infrared Thermography NDT in Composite Materials with Honeycomb Sandwich Structure
Authors: Wu Cui Qin , Wang Wei Ping , Yuan Qi Gang , Li Yan Jun , Zhang Wei , Zhang Xiang Dong
Published: August 2011

To estimate the disbond defects of the carbon fiber composite materials with honeycomb sandwich structure applied in the aerospace, active infrared thermographic NDT (non-destructive testing) is researched. The specimen with known disbond defects is detected by an active infrared thermography system. The specimen is stimulated by a pulse heating source. Based on the thermal wave propagation theory, the surface temperature of the specimen contained defects will differ from the surrounding sound area because of their different thermal-physical properties. The surface temperature is monitored using infrared camera and analyzed by a computer in the time domain. The experiment results show that the active infrared thermographic NDT is rapid, effective and intuitive for detecting the disbond defects in composite materials with honeycomb sandwich structure.
Distribution of NiO/Al2O3/NiAl2O4 in the Fabrication of Spray-Dry Oxygen Carrier Particles for Chemical-Looping Combustion
Authors: Kim Kyeongsook , Yang Seugran , Baek Jeom In , Kim Ji Woong , Ryu Jungho , Ryu Chong Kul , Ahn Deok Gi , Shin Keesam
Published: August 2011

NiO/Al2O3, known as one of the most efficient oxygen carrier, has been fabricated by spray-drying method and calcinated at 1100 °C and 1300°C, and the structural characteristics are investigated using XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS. For the characterization of surface and bulk microstructure of the fabricated NiO/Al2O3oxygen carrier particle, investigated were 1) as-fabricated powders, 2) internal structure of the crumbled particles, and 3) cross-sectional specimens. The results showed that the fabricated oxygen carrier formed well distributed NiAl2O4with NiO particles of 100~500 nm via reaction keeping on the mole ratio. The oxygen carriers developed in this study showed pertinent characteristics for chemical-looping combustion, and good effect on the strength, indicating a potential for wide application in the future. The calcination at 1100 °C was good enough and as efficient as that at 1300 °C.
Application of Irradiation Process for Surface Grafting and Copper Removal
Authors: Hsieh Bor Tsung , Chang Yi Kuo , Chen Chia Chieh
Published: August 2011

In this research, the acrylic acid (AAc) was grafted onto polypropylene (PP) fabrics with the gamma-ray (γ-ray) preirradiation. The effect of acrylic acid concentration, grafting time, grafting temperature were conducted to obtain the optimum carboxyl adsorber manufacturing conditions. Furthermore, the effectiveness of carboxyl adsorber for removal heavy metal ions using various operating conditions such as reaction time, pH and metal/carboxyl adsorber molar ratio was also evaluated in this research.
Energy Conservation Study during Abrasive Water Jet Cutting
Authors: Wang Wei Zhang
Published: August 2011

As a new and innovative cutting method, abrasive water jet cutting has gained more and more attention from all around the world. During the cutting or machining process, the energy consumption is one of the key factors affecting the overall cutting quality. An energy conservation study was performed in this paper and the energy-related models were also described here.
Bending Deformation Measurement of Bone Cantilever Using Image Correlation
Authors: Hou Zhen De , Yi Wei Tian , Yang Lei , Yue Cheng
Published: August 2011

Bone is an anisotropic inhomogeneous material, and its piezoelectric behavior is more complex than mineral piezoelectric materials such as quartz crystal or ceramics. This article aimed to understand the piezoelectric properties of bone by investigating its converse piezoelectric effect. Bending deformation of bone specimens subjected to an external electric field was observed. Displacements or deflections of bone cantilever beams were measured by a high resolution digital microscope combined with digital image correlation technique. In order to demonstrate the validity of the experiment, specimens made of non piezoelectric materials were also tested in the same experimental condition as bone. The results indicate that the bending deformation of the bone cantilever may come from the non uniform piezoelectric properties of bone, compared to an analytical solution.
Multiple Modifications on Carbon Fiber Surface and Effects on Microorganism Immobilization
Authors: Bao Yan Ling , Dai Guang Ze , Huang Xing Min , Zhao Jun Wen , Han Jing
Published: August 2011

PAN-based carbon fiber (CF) was modified in different ways by authors. The current multiple modification treatment composed of surface oxidation, maleic anhydride (MA) graft and metalion-adsorption was regarded to be a favorable surface treatment for CF carrier. The CF surface morphology and natures were characterized by specific facilities, such as laser confocal microscopy (LCM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the degree of moisture. On the other hand, the biocompatibility nature was indicated by immobilization results of microorganisms on CF. The results show that the surface hydrophilicity and roughness of CF, and the metalion adsorbed on the CF surface would contribute greatly to biofilm formation and improve the immobilization ability of microorganisms on CF surface. Furthermore, the configurations and the adhesion forms of cells were obviously affected by the properties of CF surface.