Design and Fabrication of Robotic Arm for the assembly of Phase Selector Switch
Authors: Sowmya Dhanalakshmi Dr. C. , Madhu Dr. P. , Hemachandran Mr. N. , Muthukumar Mr.V.E. , Harish Arvinth L.B 
Published: February 2021

This paper explores the robot arm where the ability of human to do a project is restrained however now not with the aid of his mental electricity however through his bodily energy. A humanoid mechanical technology is another difficult field. To co-work with people, humanoid robots not just need to include human like structure and structure, yet more significantly, they should arrange human like conduct with respect to the movement, correspondence and intelligence. In environmental factors where human exchange can't be conceivable to do a specific errand, the robots can do. Robots are used for lean industrial processes and have diversified their contributions to meeting lines inside the production international. The main focus of this project is to design and develop the mechanism for robotic arm for lifting. It is a type of mechanical arm, usually programmable, with similar functions to a human arm. The arm might be a unit system or might be an aspect of a more unpredictable mechanical cycle. The end effectors or mechanical hand can be intended to play out any ideal undertaking, for example, welding, holding, turning etc., depending on the application. The mechanical arm is planned and designed with four degrees of freedom and modified to achieve precisely basic light material lifting undertaking to aid the creation line in any industry. 3D printing strategy is utilized in this undertaking to create the parts of the automated arm. Hence, it gave more exact measurements and gigantic time and cost expensive in creation. The automated arm is furnished with 4 servo engines to interface the parts and bring arm development. A sequential construction mechanical system can improve its efficiency through developing the assembling pace and its consistency. They additionally spare individuals from dreary and tedious mechanical production system employments. Many industries are yet to implement such automation in their meeting traces, as they do no longer have the technical recognize how of the changeover, or the concern of failure of investment. It is proposed to layout and increase a low price assembly robotic which could overcome the above drawbacks. We have also included Design Thinking process before starting to do this experiment. The stages of Design Thinking such as Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype & test, Evolve are performed in the complete fabrication of the robotic arm. Many industries are yet to implement such automation in their assembly lines, as they do not have the technical knowhow of the changeover, or the fear of failure of investment. To proceed in this direction, a case study was conducted at a phase selector switch making company. Presently the company does manual assembly of the switches, which is a hindrance to the growth of the company. This process required a pilot study to explore the possibility as well as the implementations issues of robots in the assembly. The present system uses a belt conveyor system which has no feedback signals and the speed of the conveyor is not synchronized with the rate of assembly. It is generally not advised to transfer small size components in a conveyor since picking, orienting and inserting the components will be cumbersome. When the size of the component is considerably small, manual assembly is not recommended as per the guidelines of DFMA (Design for manufacture and assembly). Manual error is more prone to assembly of the part in a wrong orientation, especially for those components that are symmetrical.

The parts to be assembled are both axi-symmetric as well as prismatic in shape. Constraints in loading and unloading of casing were also reported. In this work, the design and development of a low cost assembly robot is done which can overcome the above drawbacks.