bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Origins of Pituitary Apoplexy
Authors: Pearce John M.S.
Published: June 2015

This paper sketches the early history of pituitary apoplexy, a disorder later fully described in 1950 by Brougham, Heusner and Adams. Haemorrhage or necrosis in an adenoma causes a characteristic sudden drowsiness, stupor or coma, headache and stiff neck, ocular palsy, and impaired acuity with visual field loss owing to optic nerve or chiasmal compression. The associated endocrinopathy and management are described.
Complete Visual Rehabilitation in a Patient with No Light Perception after Surgical Management of a Penetrating Open-Globe Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Baban Tania A. , Sammouh Fady K. , El Ballouz Haytham M. , Warrak Elias L.
Published: June 2015

Open-globe injuries with no light perception (NLP) carry a poor prognosis, and many ophthalmologists select a primary enucleation or evisceration as a result. We present a case of complete visual rehabilitation in a patient who presented with NLP after a zone III penetrating open-globe injury. We recommend patient counseling regarding decision making and management of ocular trauma with NLP, since timely intervention and close follow-ups may restore useful or complete vision even in severely traumatized eyes.
Survivências: Exílios do Tempo no Tempo
Authors: Antelo Raúl
Published: June 2015

“Survivência” se refere à continuidade (ou vida póstuma) e metamorfose de ideias e imagens, contrariamente à substituição por inovações na imagem e na linguagem. A ideia introduz a questão da memória na longue durée da história. É uma via arqueológica de representar o campo antropológico de ideias e imagens. Não é uma propriedade das obras, mas antes uma potencialidade que pode ser realizada ou alcançada numa relação. De acordo com Macedonio Fernández, não é uma translação de referências, mas uma tradutibilidade de relações.
Twenty-six new species of Saussurea (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions
Authors: Chen Yousheng , Yuan Qian
Published: June 2015

Twenty-six new species of Saussurea (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions are described and illustrated. Our molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and two chloroplast DNA fragments (trnL-F and psbA-trnH) has shown that most of the new species are well recognized in the molecular tree, with their taxonomic affinities also largely revealed.
Astuti, G., Roma-Marzio, F. & Peruzzi, L. (2015) The genus Picris (Asteraceae) in southern Italy: contribution to its systematic knowledge. Phytotaxa 207 (1): 106–114.
Authors: Astuti Giovanni , Roma-Marzio Francesco , Peruzzi Lorenzo
Published: June 2015

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What’s new in Chamaecrista (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) from the Brazilian Cerrado?
Authors: Souza Alessandro Oliveira , SILVA MARCOS JOSÉ DA
Published: June 2015

During the taxonomic treatment of Chamaecrista sect. Absus ser. Rigidulae as the object of the master’s dissertation of the first author, the analyses of our own collections and specimens from several Brazilian herbaria led us to establish a new species, Chamaecrista sparsifolia, and propose a new status and a new combination for Chamaecrista chaetostegia var. obolaria. The geographical distribution, phenology, conservation status, as well as images and illustrations of both taxa are given.
A revision of Smallanthus (Asteraceae, Millerieae), the “yacón” genus
Authors: Vitali Maira Soledad , SANCHO GISELA , KATINAS LILIANA
Published: June 2015

Smallanthus (Asteraceae, Millerieae), the “yacón” genus, comprises 23 species ranging from southeastern United States to central Argentina, with the greatest diversity in Peru and Mexico. Species of Smallanthus are herbs, shrubs or small trees with tuberous roots, opposite, trinerved or triplinerved leaves, paleate receptacle, ray corollas externally hairy at the base, pappus lacking, and marginal cypselae partially embraced by the inner phyllaries of the involucre. As a result of this revision: Smallanthus araucariophilus and S. riograndesis are considered synonyms of S. macroscyphus; lectotypes are designated for nine names; and the geographical distribution of S. latisquamus, S. lundelli, S. riparius, and S. siegesbeckia is extended. A comprehensive key to the species and detailed descriptions, geographical distribution, phenology, illustrations and distribution maps are provided for all taxa.
Verbascum misirdalianum (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from central Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: ÇEÇEN ÖMER , KARAVELİOĞULLARI FAİK AHMET , ÜNAL AYVAZ
Published: June 2015

Verbascum misirdalianum (Scrophulariaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species endemic to central Anatolia, Turkey. In this study, diagnostic morphological characters of this new species and closely related species (V. tossiense) are discussed. Furthermore, comments on habitat, morphology and conservation status are provided and distribution maps presented for the two taxa.
Zingiber hainanense (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Hainan, China
Authors: YE YU-SHI , BAI LIN , XIA NIAN-HE
Published: June 2015

Zingiber hainanense (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Hainan, China, is described and illustrated. It is compared to two most similar members from Z. sect. Cryptanthium, Z. guangxiense from Guangxi, China and Z. kawagoii, an endemic species from Taiwan, China. Zingiber hainanense differs from Z. guangxiense mainly by labellum and staminodes being purple red (vs. yellowish white throughout in Z. guangxiense), and differs from Z. kawagoii by labellum and lateral staminodes being linear or narrowly ovate (vs. obovate-oblong in Z. kawagoii). The pollen morphology and chromosome number count as well as a color plate of the new species are also presented in this study.
A new species of Anthurium Schott (Araceae) in a seasonal semideciduous forest in Espírito Santo State, Brazil
Authors: Valadares Rodrigo Theófilo , Sakuragui Cassia Monica
Published: June 2015

The state of Espírito Santo is located in Southeastern Brazil and occupies 45,597 km² within the Atlantic Forest domain. The flora of the state is still in progress, and families such as the Araceae represent groups that have not yet been representatively sampled. Sampling efforts in the Southern areas of the state revealed the existence of a new species of Anthurium, related to A. cleistanthum, A. truncatum and A. molle. Here, we describe and illustrate this species and present a comparative analysis with the most similar species. To date, the species is known only from the type locality, occurring in forests that cover limestone outcrops.
A new Polychrysia (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Plusiinae) species from China
Authors: SALDAITIS AIDAS , BENEDEK BALÁZS
Published: June 2015

The genus Polychrysia is comprised of seven species separated into three species groups. Six of the seven species are distributed in the Palaearctic region and one of these six species has a Holarctic distribution. The genus has been discussed in detail in monographs by Goater et al. (2003) and Ronkay et al. (2008). A new species of Polychrysia was discovered during an expedition studying the nocturnal fauna of China’s Sichuan Province in August, 2014 and is described here.
A new species of Cephalocyclus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) from Mexico
Authors: MINOR PABLO , DELLACASA MARCO , DELLACASA GIOVANNI
Published: June 2015

Cephalocyclus moroni new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) from humid forest in the mountains of Manantlán, Jalisco, Mexico is described and illustrated. It is similar to Cephalocyclus ordonezi Dellacasa, Dellacasa, & Gordon, 2007 and Cephalocyclus stebnickae Deloya & Ibañez-Bernal, 2000, both from Mexico.
Two new species of the genus Pararrhynchium de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from northern Vietnam
Authors: NGUYEN LIEN THI PHUONG
Published: June 2015

Two new species of the genus Pararrhynchium are described and figured: P. striatum sp. nov. (northern Vietnam: Hoa Binh, Ha Tinh and Thai Nguyen) and P. concavum sp. nov. (northern Vietnam: Cao Bang). A key to all known species of the genus is provided.
A review of the genus Pulcheria Alphéraky, 1887 with description of a new
species from southeastern Kazakhstan (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)
Authors: VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , MATOV ALEXEJ YU.
Published: June 2015

A small Central Asian genus Pulcheria Alphéraky, 1887 is revised. One new species, P. kasymkhani Volynkin & Matov, sp. n. is described from southeastern Kazakhstan (Almaty region). The lectotype for P. catomelas Alphéraky, 1887 and the neotype for P. cinescens Draudt, 1938 are designated. The adults, male and female genitalia are illustrated.
The genus Campylomma Reuter, 1878 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae:
Phylinae): two new synonyms and discussion of the diagnosis
Authors: KONSTANTINOV FEDOR V. , NEIMOROVETS VLADIMIR V. , KORZEEV ANDREI I.
Published: June 2015

The diagnostic characters of the phyline plant bug genus Campylomma Reuter, 1878 are discussed based on examination of Western Palearctic species. Nigrocapillocoris Wagner, 1973 is synonymized with Campylomma and Campylomma celatum Wagner, 1969 is synonymized with C. annulicorne (Signoret, 1865). Illustrations of the male genitalia, photographs of the dorsal habitus, micrographs of selected structures are given for discussed species and a redescription of C. ochraceum (Scott, 1872) comb. nov. is provided.
The Original Web of Hate
Authors: Levin Brian
Published: June 2015

Before the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) leveraged the Internet into a truly modern quasi-state propaganda machine through horrendous online videos, travel handbooks, and sophisticated Twitter messengering, more humble yet highly effective precursors targeted youthful Western Muslims for radicalism, during a time when home grown plots peaked. These brash new entrants into the crowded freewheeling world of extremist cyber-haters joined racists, religious extremists of other faiths, Islamophobes, single issue proponents, as well as anti-government rhetoriticians and conspiracists. The danger from these evolving new provocateurs, then and now, is not that they represent a viewpoint that is widely shared by American Muslims. However, the earlier successful forays by extremist Salafists, firmly established the Internet as a tool to rapidly radicalize, train and connect a growing, but small number of disenfranchised or unstable young people to violence. The protections that the First Amendment provide to expression in the United States, contempt for Western policies and culture, contorted fundamentalism, and the initial successes of these early extremist Internet adopters, outlined here, paved the way for the ubiquitous and sophisticated online radicalization efforts we see today.
Insulin and the law
Authors: Marks Vincent
Published: June 2015

Hypoglycaemia, if it can be proved, may be used as a defence against almost any criminal charge provided it can be established that the perpetrator was in a state of neuroglycopenic (hypoglycaemic) automatism at the time of the offence. Hypoglycaemia produced by exogenous insulin can also be used as a suicidal or homicidal weapon. This paper discusses some of the pitfalls confronting the investigator of suspected insulin misuse including problems arising from the increasing prevalence of insulin analogues and the unreliability of immunoassays for their detection and measurement in the forensic context.
Fiscal transparency and the cost of sovereign debt
Authors: Bastida Francisco , Guillamón María-Dolores , Benito Bernardino
Published: June 2015

This article analyses the factors that seem to play an important role in determining the cost of sovereign debt. Specifically, we evaluate to what extent transparency, the level of corruption, citizens’ trust in politicians and credit ratings affect interest rates. For that purpose, we create a transparency index matching the 2007 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/World Bank Budgeting Database items with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Best Practices for Budget Transparency sections. We also check our assumptions with the International Budget Partnership’s Open Budget Index and with a non-linear transformation of our index. Furthermore, we use several control variables for a sample of 103 countries in the year 2008. Our results show that better fiscal transparency, political trust and credit ratings are connected with a lower cost of sovereign debt. Finally, as expected, higher corruption, budget deficits, current account deficits and unemployment make sovereign interest rates increase.

Points for practitioners

The key implications for professionals working in public management and administration are twofold. First, despite the criticism raised by credit ratings, it is clear that poorer ratings are connected with higher financing costs for governments. Therefore, governments should enhance those indicators that impact the credit rating of their sovereign debt. Second, governments should seek to be more transparent, since transparency reduces uncertainty about the degree of cheating, improves decision-making and therefore decreases the cost of debt. Transparency reduces information asymmetries between governments and financial markets, which, in turn, diminishes the spread requested by investors.
Strategies for Oral Health Research in Africa and the Middle Eastern Region
Authors: Naidoo S. , Dimba E. , Yengopal V. , Folayan M.O. , Akpata E.S.
Published: June 2015

The highest burden of diseases worldwide is in low- and middle-income countries, but due to lack of capacity and inadequate infrastructure, research output from these countries is unable to address existing and emerging challenges in health care. Oral health research has particularly been hampered by low prioritization, resulting in insufficient development of this sector. There is an urgent need for research correlating oral health to upstream social and environmental determinants and promoting the common risk factor approach for prevention of noncommunicable diseases. Population-wide preventive measures for oral health care are more effective than purely curative approaches, especially for vulnerable groups who have limited access to information and appropriate health care. This article identifies priorities and proposes strategies for researchers, stakeholders, and policy makers for the initiation and sustenance of appropriate oral health care research. The proposed interventions are intended to promote collaboration, capacity building, and health advocacy. Local ownership in multinational research projects in low- and middle-income countries, complemented by skills transfer from high-income countries, is encouraged to ensure that regional health needs are addressed. Emphasis is placed on a shift toward translational research that has a direct impact on oral health care systems.
Welcome to the neighbourhood: The spatial dimensions of legitimacy for voluntary leisure organisations
Authors: Vermeulen Floris , Laméris Joran , Minkoff Debra
Published: June 2015

With an understanding that organisations in a city are spatially located and that the geographical distribution of their resources is uneven, this paper examines how neighbourhood characteristics affect the spatial dimension of one basic resource in particular: organisational legitimacy. Specifically, we investigate how the presence of immigrants, the presence of youth and the degree of residential mobility in a neighbourhood may influence collective frames among its residents on what constitutes appropriate and suitable organisational forms. Employing multilevel analysis on data about the voluntary leisure organisations of immigrants in Amsterdam during three periods of time, we consider whether these neighbourhood characteristics do indeed have an impact on the number of organisations to be found and on their vitality. We conclude that an immigrant presence reduces the spatial dimension of organisational legitimacy, which consequently decreases organisational density and survival rates; a youth presence has the opposite effect; and the degree of residential mobility has no significant effect.
The representation of victimhood in Sofi Oksanen’s novel Purge
Authors: Clarke David
Published: June 2015

Finnish–Estonian author Sofi Oksanen’s novel Purge (2008) explores one woman’s experience of political violence and its repercussions in Estonia from the 1930s to the 1990s. The novel’s reception in Estonia included accusations that the text painted a simplified version of history, setting ‘good’ Estonian victims against ‘bad’ Russian perpetrators. However, a close reading of the text shows a much more complex and subtle representation of victimhood, which challenges such dichotomies. Seen in the context of current scholarly debates about the meaning of victimhood in contemporary society, the novel offers a warning against the contemporary nationalist tendency to found political community on a shared experience of suffering or persecution which excludes others, pointing instead to the creation of solidarities among different kinds of victims, which potentially transcend national boundaries.
Forward to battle for the Six-Year Plan! Polish writers 1945–56
Authors: Tighe Carl
Published: June 2015

This article follows the experience of Polish writers in the first decade of communism. Although the Red Army had pushed the Nazis out of Poland, for almost all Poles communist rule brought pain and confusion. For several years the Resistance waged a war against the incoming communists. Poles connected to the London Government in Exile and the AK (Home Army) faced arrest and imprisonment; those who had spent the war abroad had to decide whether or not to return; those who had spent the war in the USSR had an intimate knowledge of what Soviet communism was capable but little choice other than to accept the ‘new reality’. For Polish writers, who were by tradition social and political leaders, the Party was something of a rival, but one with which they shared certain aims. Their decision eventually resolved itself into one question: how far should they compromise in order to write and survive?
Online coplanarity measurement of IC leads based on single camera vision system
Authors: Zhong Qiusheng , Zhang Xianmin , Chen Zhong
Published: June 2015

To improve the measurement accuracy and speed of online coplanarity measurement of integrated circuit (IC) leads, a new single camera vision system for small outline packaging IC leads was developed. Firstly, a novel imaging optical structure with multiple reflection mirrors and a total reflection rectangular prism was devised. With this structure, the two side views of IC leads are captured at the same time in a small field of view. To guarantee a good assembly quality, the relationship between the assembling deviation of optical components and measurement error is investigated. Secondly, a fast algorithm for the coplanarity measurement of the IC leads is proposed. This algorithm mainly consists of three parts: the IC lead tips searching, the local sub-pixel positioning and the local image correction. Finally, a high precision measurement instrument is used to verify the accuracy of the proposed approach. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is effective in measuring the coplanarity of IC leads in real-time and the measuring error of the standoff is less than 4 μm. Furthermore, the proposed method can gain higher measuring speed and accuracy than existing methods.
Social Support and the Mental Health of Older Gay Men
Authors: Lyons Anthony
Published: June 2015

This study examines different types and sources of social support in relation to psychological distress levels among older Australian gay men. A national community-based survey was conducted involving 242 gay-identified men aged 50 years and older. In univariable regressions, psychological distress was less likely if men were receiving emotional support, practical support, or had a sense of belonging, and also if they had a greater number of close friends and received some or a lot of support from family and gay friends but not from straight friends. Of all these factors, a multivariable regression showed that receiving emotional support was the only significant independent factor. Emotional support appears to play a greater role in the mental health of older gay men than many other types and sources of support. Ensuring access to emotional support may need to be considered when promoting healthier aging among gay men.
Cortisol awakening response and internalizing symptoms across childhood
Authors: McGinnis Ellen W. , Lopez-Duran Nestor , Martinez-Torteya Cecilia , Abelson James L. , Muzik Maria
Published: June 2015

Efforts to identify biological correlates of internalizing symptoms in childhood have involved examinations of HPA-axis functioning, namely Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR). However, research has not assessed the relationship between CAR and internalizing problems among children younger than 8 years. Findings with older samples have been somewhat equivocal, perhaps due to high rates of co-occurring externalizing symptoms during childhood and/or due to age-related differences. This cross-sectional study examined CAR in an at-risk sample of children aged 22 months to 8 years at various levels of risk for internalizing symptoms. Internalizing symptoms were associated with blunted CAR, but only after controlling for externalizing problems. The relationship between CAR and internalizing symptoms disappeared with age. Results demonstrate that a negative association between CAR and internalizing exists during early childhood and illustrate the importance of accounting for comorbid externalizing disorders and developmental stage when assessing the HPA-internalizing link.
Construct validity in TOEFL iBT speaking tasks: Insights from natural language processing
Authors: Kyle Kristopher , Crossley Scott A. , McNamara Danielle S.
Published: June 2015

This study explores the construct validity of speaking tasks included in the TOEFL iBT (e.g., integrated and independent speaking tasks). Specifically, advanced natural language processing (NLP) tools, MANOVA difference statistics, and discriminant function analyses (DFA) are used to assess the degree to which and in what ways responses to these tasks differ with regard to linguistic characteristics. The findings lend support to using a variety of speaking tasks to assess speaking proficiency. Namely, with regard to linguistic differences, the findings suggest that responses to performance tasks can be accurately grouped based on whether a task is independent or integrated. The findings also suggest that although the independent tasks included in the TOEFL iBT may represent a single construct, responses to integrated tasks vary across task sub-type.
Determinants of e-government diffusion in Nigeria
Authors: Amagoh Francis
Published: June 2015

While Nigeria began its e-government initiatives in the early 2000s, the country is still in the early stages of e-government development, with very low e-government diffusion among its population. Through the administration of survey questionnaires, this paper first identifies the benefits of e-government, and then examines factors of e-government diffusion in Nigeria via three theoretical models of innovation diffusion (Technology Acceptance Model, Diffusion of Innovation theory, and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology). Results of the study suggest that the anticipated benefits of e-government in Nigeria are similar to those found in other studies in the e-government literature. Prominent factors of e-government diffusion found in the study capture the dimensions of the three theories. However, due to the unique nature of the Nigerian context, two factors (trust in government and reliable electricity supply) of e-government diffusion identified in the study are not within the dimensions of the theoretical models. The paper suggests that the Nigerian government should address the factors identified in the study (such as reliable electricity supply, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, relative advantage, etc.) in order to facilitate e-government diffusion in the country. The study therefore provides a basis within which policy makers should aim to improve the deployment and diffusion of e-government in Nigeria.
Posttraumatic Growth in Sex Offenders
Authors: Vanhooren Siebrecht , Leijssen Mia , Dezutter Jessie
Published: June 2015

In recent qualitative studies, posttraumatic growth has been highlighted as a possible sign of change in how offenders relate to their basic existential needs. In this article, we present results of a pilot study with a mixed-method design on posttraumatic growth and psychological stress in a sample of sexual offenders ( n = 30) in ongoing therapy. We performed univariate analyses and subsequent hierarchical analyses, and the results affirmed our hypothesis that posttraumatic growth is negatively associated with psychological stress. We used phenomenological analysis to identify themes in the participants’ reflections on posttraumatic growth. We found that prison experiences forced the participants to change. Prisoners experience emotional support from others during incarceration as crucial to positive change. Taking responsibility for the crime helped them engage in the therapy more fully and resulted in more posttraumatic growth.
Applying Positive Psychology to Illuminate the Needs of Adolescent Males Transitioning Out of Juvenile Detention
Authors: Tracey Danielle , Hanham José
Published: June 2015

Reducing the recidivism of young offenders is a critical research issue, not only to enhance the future outcomes for the young person but also to reduce the future risk to the community. Navigating the immediate transition from detention back into the community is positioned as a critical milestone. This small qualitative study describes how young offenders participating in a formal mentoring program in Australia experienced the transition from detention to the community and the intrinsic drivers of their behaviour throughout this transition. Perspectives of their mentors and caseworker were also solicited. Importantly, their stories were interpreted through the lens of positive psychology and self-determination theory to discuss the relevance of one’s pursuit of autonomy, relatedness, and competence. Increasing our understanding of these intrinsic motivators will assist young offenders to pursue a better life away from crime and benefit both themselves and the wider community.
Does integration lead to lower costs of equity?
Authors: Dye Jessica , Gilbert Aaron , Pacheco Gail
Published: June 2015

Recent evidence has suggested that the benefits of equity market integration may not be shared equally by all firms. Making use of a firm-level measure of integration we investigate whether one of the documented benefits of equity market integration, lower cost of equity capital (COEC), holds for all Australian firms. Empirical evidence suggests that the degree of integration is reflected in firm COEC, albeit not in the expected way. Our results indicate that increased integration at the firm level leaves firms exposed to higher COEC when world market conditions are volatile.
Relationship Between Quadriceps Strength and Patellofemoral Joint Chondral Lesions After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Hai-Jun , Ao Ying-Fang , Jiang Dong , Gong Xi , Wang Yong-Jian , Wang Jian , Yu Jia-Kuo
Published: June 2015

Background:

The incidence of the patellofemoral joint chondral lesions after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is disturbingly high. Few studies have assessed the factors affecting patellofemoral joint chondral lesions postoperatively.

Hypothesis:

The recovery of quadriceps strength after ACLR could be associated with patellofemoral joint cartilage damage.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 88 patients who underwent arthroscopic anatomic double-bundle ACLR with hamstring autografts received second-look arthroscopy at the time of metal staple removal at an average of 24.1 months (range, 12-51 months) postoperatively. All patients underwent standardized isokinetic strength testing for bilateral quadriceps and hamstrings 1 to 2 days before second-look arthroscopy. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Patients in group 1 had a ≥20% deficit on the peak torque measures for quadriceps compared with that of the contralateral knee, whereas those in group 2 had a <20% deficit on peak torque. Cartilage status at the patellofemoral joint and tibiofemoral joint were evaluated by second-look arthroscopy and the Outerbridge classification. Other assessments included the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Tegner and Lysholm scores, side-to-side difference on KT-2000 arthrometer, and range of motion.

Results:

There were 42 patients included in group 1 and 46 patients in group 2. The mean postoperative quadriceps peak torque of the involved knee compared with the contralateral knee was 70% (range, 57%-80%) in group 1 and 95% (range, 81%-116%) in group 2. For all patients, a significant worsening was seen in the patellar and trochlear cartilage ( P = .030 and <.001, respectively) but not at the medial or lateral tibiofemoral joint after ACLR. A significant worsening in the status of both patellar and trochlear cartilage was seen after ACLR in group 1 ( P = .013 and =.011, respectively) and of trochlear cartilage in group 2 ( P = .006). Significantly fewer severe chondral lesions of the patella were found in group 2 than in group 1 (proportion of patients whose cartilage grade worsened: 26% vs 48%, P < .05; difference in cartilage grade: 0.09 vs 0.62, P < .05). There was no significant difference for trochlear chondral worsening between the 2 groups. No significant differences were detected between the 2 groups in terms of hamstring strength; Lysholm, Tegner, and IKDC scores; KT-2000 arthrometer anterior laxity; or range of motion.

Conclusion:

Greater than 80% recovery of quadriceps strength after ACLR is associated with less severe patellar cartilage damage at short-term follow-up.
Ethical accountability and routine moral stress in Special Educational Needs professionals
Authors: Hellawell Beate
Published: June 2015

This small-scale interview study considers experiences, difficulties and dilemmas of local Special Educational Needs (SEN) professionals such as SEN caseworkers, and examines the neglected ethical dimensions of their role. It argues that fostering ‘ethical knowledge’ (Campbell, 2003), rather than an increase in prescriptive guidance, will enable more productive partnerships between professionals, and between parents and professionals respectively. The study demonstrates a SEN professionalism that is able to respond to moral complexity and that is willing to carry significant personal and moral burdens in order to meet the needs of children and young people with SEN. It also highlights experiences of routine moral stress (Cribb, 2011) which are not adequately addressed by either individuals or their organizations.
‘We Are Not Racists, We Are Mexicans’: Privilege, Nationalism and Post-Race Ideology in Mexico
Authors: Moreno Figueroa Mónica G. , Saldívar Tanaka Emiko
Published: June 2015

This article analyses the conflicting understandings surrounding the recognition of anti-black racism in Mexico, drawing from an analysis of the 2005 controversy around Memín Pinguín. We ask what is at stake when opposition arises to claims of racism, how racial disavowal is possible, and how is it that the racial project of mestizaje (racial and cultural mixture) expresses a form of Mexican post-racial ideology. We argue that the ideology of mestizaje is key for unpacking the tensions between the recognition and disavowal of racism. Mestizaje solidifies into a form of nationalist denial in moments when racism is openly contested or brought up. It becomes a concrete strategy of power that is mobilized to simplify or divert attention in particular moments, such as with the Memín Pinguín controversy, when the contradictions within the social dynamic are revealed and questioned. Here is where Mexico’s “raceless” ideology of mestizaje overlaps with current post-racial politics. We explore state, elite and popular reactions to the debate to discuss how such public displays reflect an invested denial of race and racism while, at the same time, the racial status quo of mestizaje is reinforced. This, we argue, is the essence of post-racial politics in Mexico.
Dynamic instability of ring-stiffened conical thin-walled rocket fairing in supersonic gas stream
Authors: Chernobryvko Marina V , Avramov Konstantin V , Romanenko Valentina N , Batutina Tatiana J , Suleimenov Ulan S
Published: June 2015

The assumed-modes method is applied to obtain the dynamical model of the ring-stiffened conical shells in a supersonic gas stream. The pressure acting on the shell is described by the piston theory. The displacements of the rings are functions of the shell displacements. The kinetic and the potential energies of the structure are obtained as the functions of the shell displacements. It is suggested the approach to calculate the shell spatial mode, when the shell dynamic stability is lost. The free vibrations of the structures with different numbers of the rings are analyzed. The loss of the structure dynamic stability is investigated.
Negotiating Identity
Authors: Joshi Priti
Published: June 2015

The reality of children with disability is one that is often ignored, viewed with prejudice, analysed and commented upon externally — usually by those who are safely distanced from this reality by virtue of being neither disabled, nor children. How do these non-inclusive, non-participatory attitudes and assumptions impact on the schooling that the children receive, even if the school setting is an integrated one? More importantly, how do they impact on the children themselves, on their self-image and their relationships with each other and with the adults around them? Through conversations with children and the drawings made by them, this paper examines how a marginalised group (children with disabilities in the 5 to 13 age group) within a ‘mainstream culture’ perceives itself to be, in contrast to how others construct them to be. During the course of the research, children‘s conceptions of self as being different, as belonging to a group, awareness of prejudice and resistance to being categorised were apparent. What was also apparent were the limitations in the way we view children with disability and the need for us to re-view these existing images.
Peer-Reviewed Research and the IEP
Authors: Yell Mitchell L. , Katsiyannis Antonis , Losinski Mickey , Marshall Kelsey
Published: June 2015

This article examines a case out of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit: Ridley School District v. M.R and J.R. ex rel. E.R. (2012). The case is the first circuit court case in which the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act requirement that special education services be based on peer-reviewed research (PRR) was at issue. Recommendations for teachers and administrators working to meet the PRR requirement when developing intervention plans for students with disabilities are discussed.
The Interplay of Mortality, Economics, and Female Empowerment in Fertility Transformations
Authors: Caudell Mark A.
Published: June 2015

Theoretical explanations for fertility transformations, such as the demographic transition, have primarily emphasized one of three influences: (a) decreasing mortality rates, (b) economic development, and (c) the transmission of female empowerment norms. Empirical tests suggest that the relative contribution of these factors on predicting fertility varies across populations and time periods. Identification of the factors underlying this variation will ultimately be aided by the pooling of cross-national and time-series data. To this end, the current study combines data from 167 countries across a 40-year time period (i.e., 1970-2010). A fixed effects model is specified to examine how the three factors predict within-country variability in adolescent and total fertility rates. Results indicate that all three variables are associated with fertility patterns in theoretically consistent ways, although the association is often non-linear. In addition, the level of association between economic development and female empowerment with fertility varies across levels of mortality. Results highlight that a “unified” theory of demography will develop through understanding how levels of the three factors may interact to transform global fertility patterns.
Evidence for the Discriminant Validity of the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale From Social Anxiety
Authors: Cicero David C. , Krieg Alexander , Becker Theresa M. , Kerns John G.
Published: June 2015

Social anhedonia and social anxiety are two constructs with similar behaviors including avoidance of and withdrawal from social situations. In three studies, the current research aimed to test whether social anhedonia could be discriminated from social anxiety using the most common measure of social anhedonia, the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (RSAS). In Study 1, an item-level factor analysis of the RSAS found two factors: Social Apathy/Aversion and Social Withdrawal. In Study 2, this two-factor structure was confirmed in a separate sample. In Study 3, a model with social anhedonia and anxiety scale scores loading on separate factors fit better than a model with social anhedonia and anxiety loading on a single factor. Social anhedonia and anxiety displayed differential associations with negative schizotypy and emotion processing. Findings suggest that the RSAS is successful in measuring social anhedonia distinct from social anxiety.
Positive and Negative Posttraumatic Change Following Childhood Sexual Abuse Are Associated With Youths’ Adjustment
Authors: Simon Valerie A. , Smith Erin , Fava Nicole , Feiring Candice
Published: June 2015

Meanings made of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) experiences are important to psychosocial adjustment. The current study examined adolescents’ and young adults’ perceptions of posttraumatic change (PTC) in the self, relationships, sexuality, and worldviews attributed to prior CSA experiences. We sought to document the prevalence of positive and negative PTC and examine their unique and joint associations with psychosocial adjustment. Participants included 160 youth with confirmed cases of CSA (73% female; 8–14 years at abuse discovery) who were part of a longitudinal study of the long-term effects of CSA. Six years after discovery, youth were interviewed about their abuse experiences. Interviews were coded for the valence and strength of PTC. The majority of youth reported PTC, and negative changes were more frequent and stronger than positive changes. Controlling for age, gender, abuse severity, and negative PTC, positive PTC was associated with lower abuse stigmatization for all youth. Controlling for age, gender, abuse severity, and positive PTC, negative PTC was associated with greater abuse stigmatization, post-traumatic stress disorder, sexual problems, and dating aggression for all youth. Relations of positive PTC with depression and support from friends and romantic partner were moderated by negative PTC, such that positive PTC was associated with better adjustment for youth with low versus high levels of negative PTC. Results highlight the importance of both negative and positive PTC for understanding meanings made of CSA experiences and their implications for psychosocial adjustment and intervention.
Youth Antecedents to News Media Consumption
Authors: York Chance , Scholl Rosanne M.
Published: June 2015

Intergenerational panel data are used to test a model of youth news socialization. We hypothesize that observing parent news reading and participating in family news discussions have concurrent effects on youth news use, ultimately resulting in a propensity for news consumption that persists into adulthood. Results from a recursive path model demonstrate parent communication variables have direct and indirect effects on frequency of youth news use. Frequency of youth news use, in turn, predicts news use among the same respondents 7 years later. We also find a latent, lagged effect of parent news reading on their kids’ long-term news use.
Borna disease virus infection in cats
Authors: Lutz Hans , Addie Diane D , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Horzinek Marian C , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Marsilio Fulvio , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Möstl Karin ,   European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases
Published: June 2015

Overview:

Borna disease virus (BDV) has a broad host range, affecting primarily horses and sheep, but also cattle, ostriches, cats and dogs. In cats, BDV may cause a non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis (‘staggering disease’).

Infection:

The mode of transmission is not completely elucidated. Direct and indirect virus transmission is postulated, but BDV is not readily transmitted between cats. Vectors such as ticks may play a role and shrews have been identified as a potential reservoir host. Access to forested areas has been reported to be an important risk factor for staggering disease.

Disease signs:

It is postulated that BDV may infect nerve endings in the oropharynx and spread via olfactory nerve cells to the central nervous sytem. A strong T-cell response may contribute to the development of clinical disease. Affected cats develop gait disturbances, ataxia, pain in the lower back and behavioural changes.

Diagnosis:

For diagnostic purposes, detection of viral RNA by reverse transcription PCR in samples collected from cats with clinical signs of Borna disease can be considered diagnostic. Serology is of little value; cats without signs of Borna disease may be seropositive and yet not every cat with BDV infection has detectable levels of antibodies.

Human infection:

A hypothesis that BDV infection may be involved in the development of selected neurological disorders in man could not be confirmed. A research group within the German Robert Koch Institute studied the potential health threat of BDV to humans and concluded that BDV was not involved in the aetiology of human psychiatric diseases.
West Nile virus infection in cats
Authors: Egberink Herman , Addie Diane D , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Horzinek Marian C , Hosie Margaret J , Marsilio Fulvio , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Möstl Karin ,   European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases
Published: June 2015

Overview:

West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne virus with a broad host range that infects mainly birds and mosquitos, but also mammals (including humans), reptiles, amphibians and ticks. It is maintained in a bird–mosquito–bird transmission cycle. The most important vectors are bird-feeding mosquitos of the Culex genus; maintenance and amplification mainly involve passerine birds. WNV can cause disease in humans, horses and several species of birds following infection of the central nervous system.

Infection in cats:

Cats can also be infected through mosquito bites, and by eating infected small mammals and probably also birds. Although seroprevalence in cats can be high in endemic areas, clinical disease and mortality are rarely reported. If a cat is suspected of clinical signs due to an acute WNV infection, symptomatic treatment is indicated.
Economical control of indoor air quality in underground metro station using an iterative dynamic programming-based ventilation system
Authors: Kim Min Jeong , Braatz Richard D. , Kim Jeong Tai , Yoo Chang Kyoo
Published: June 2015

A set-point of ventilation control system plays an important role for efficient ventilation inside metro stations, since it affects level of indoor air pollutants and ventilation energy consumption concurrently. In this study, to maintain indoor air quality (IAQ) at a comfortable range with a lower ventilation energy consumption, the optimal set-points of the ventilation control system were determined. The concentration of air pollutants inside the station shows a periodic diurnal variation in accordance with the number of passengers and subway frequency. To consider the diurnal variation of IAQ, an iterative dynamic programming (IDP) that searches for a piecewise control policy by separating whole system duration into several stages was applied. The optimal set-points of the ventilation control system in underground D-subway station, Korea were determined at every 3, 2, and 1 h, respectively. Then, according to the set-point changes, the ventilation controller was adjusted to an appropriate ventilation fan speed, correlating to the amount of outdoor PM10 that flows into the station. The results showed that the ventilation control system with the IDP-based optimal set-points has a better economical ventilation performance than manual ventilation system, with a 4.6% decrease in energy consumption, maintaining a comfortable IAQ level inside the station.
Changing the narrative – Life span perspectives on multiple adversity
Authors: Bunting Lisa , Lazenbatt Anne
Published: June 2015

Although the impact of multiple adverse events in childhood is well known, it is equally accepted that the variation in individual trajectories and outcomes is significant. Resilience focuses on positive adaption in the face of adversity, offering a counterbalance to deficit-based research and risk averse, procedurally driven practice. Positive relationships and secure attachments are widely considered to be the cornerstone of resilience, yet, within social work practice, there is a tendency to consider attachment only in relation to children and adults. Three biographical narratives are used to explore resilience and attachment through a narrative identity framework, exploring parents' experiences of multiple adversities over their lifespan, their close relationships, and their experiences of child welfare interventions. It argues for the importance of narrative in social work assessment, particularly in relation to families with complex needs, illustrating how this enables a richer, more nuanced understanding of mothers and fathers as individuals in their own right, and provides insight into how alternative narratives might be better supported and developed.
The waiting process: a grounded theory study of families' experiences of waiting for patients during surgery
Authors: Sadeghi Tabandeh , Nayeri Nahid Dehghan , Abbaszadeh Abbas
Published: June 2015

In this qualitative study, conducted with a grounded theory approach, 17 family members awaiting their relatives’ surgery, were interviewed. The interviews were semi-structured and the data from them was analysed using the constant comparative method suggested by Corbin and Strauss. The findings showed ‘attempt to reassure’ as the core category. The main theme of ‘assurance’, comprising patterns of ‘recourse to spirituality’, ‘communication’, ‘physical proximity’, and ‘coping’ indicated the processes used by participants to achieve their goals. These findings may help health care professionals, especially nurses, to better understand the subject and better facilitate the process of waiting whilst relatives have surgery.