bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unusual Presentations of Bullous Pemphigoid in Young Patients: A Case Series
Authors: Pradhan Shekhar N , Mitkong Mumyam , Belgaumkar Vasudha Abhijit , Gosavi Anil Prakash , Bhatt Neelam
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common subepidermal autoimmune vesiculobullous disorder. It mainly affects the elderly, with a mean age at presentation of 69 to 83 years and an incidence of 7 to 43 per million population in European studies. Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is rarely encountered in young people, with an incidence rate of less than 0.5 cases per million population in individuals less than 50 years. Case Presentation: A 28-year-old male presented with fluid-filled lesions over his right forearm for three days. Also, an 18-year-old male presented with fluid-filled lesions over his face, hands, groin, and legs for two months. In both cases, histopathology and direct immunofluorescence confirmed BP. Conclusions: Though BP is rare in young individuals, it should be considered one of the differentials of vesiculobullous disorders. Herein, we reported two cases of BP in young people at unusual sites.
Les clivées françaises de type : C'est comme ça que, C'est pour ça que, C'est là que tout a commencé
Authors: Blanche-Benveniste Claire
Published: November 2022

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IMPACT OF PANDEMIC ON THE MODEL OF ENGLISH LEARNING BY TEACHERS
Authors:   Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, Musayeva Naila , Khasayeva Afag
Published: November 2022

Today the study of English by students and teachers of the Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction (AzUAC) is an important challenge. For that reason educational sector with English as the language of Instruction was opened for students, and to meet teachers’ needs English language courses that cover the levels of Elementary, Pre-Intermediate, Intermediate, Upper-Intermediate, Advanced were organized. It was noted that during the pandemic, the activities of the courses were temporarily suspended. Thus the teachers had the opportunity not only to conduct their classes, but also quite often visit the classes of colleagues through the ZOOM program. It is shown that this was the reason for a great exchange of experience between teachers conducting classes in English. At the same time, the concept to continue the activities of the courses online also arose. It is noted that the model of English language learning by teachers during the pandemic differs from the model of the "pre-pandemic" period. Moreover, there is a positive trend in the quality and speed of learning assessed by such indicators of informative features as listening, speech (speaking), reading and writing. In this regard, it is proposed to use the online learning mode also in the "postpandemic" period.
IMPACT OF THE CLIMATE ON THE THERMAL AND ENERGY INDICATORS OF THE BUILDING
Authors:   Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, Akbarova Samira
Published: November 2022

The increase of the anthropogenic pressure in the second half of the 20th century have led to the exacerbation of many environmental problems. Today, the scale of environmental risk covers the territory of the large regions. In this regard, the territory of Azerbaijan is no exception. The difficult natural conditions - the presence of strong winds, high air temperature and solar radiation, the frequent dust storms further complicate the ecological situation. This article provides an analysis of the impact of the main climatic indicators on the heat and energy consumption by the buildings.
وضعیت بهداشت دهان‌و‌دندان در رابطه با عوامل فردی، اجتماعی و رفتاری‌ در زنان سن باروری شهر هرات
Authors:   Academic Cadre of Herat and Ghalib University – Herat, Shayan Associate Professor Dr. Nasar Ahmad
Published: November 2022

زمینه و هدف: بهداشت دهان و دندان زنان در سن باروری موضوع مهم صحت عامه است. این موضوع نه‌تنها می‌تواند نتایج بارداری را به خطر بیندازد؛ بل‌که ممکن است بر سلامت کلی نوزاد نیز تأثیر بگذارد. هدف ‌این مطالعه بررسی وضعیت سلامت دهان و دندان و عوامل مرتبط با آن در زنان سن باروی شهر هرات بوده است. روش: در این مطالعة توصیفی - مقطعی، مجموعاً ۴۱۱ خانم در سن باروری (۱۸-۶۵ سال) که از ‌جدی سال 1400 تا‌ جوزای سال 1401 به کلینیک‌های دندان‌پزشکی شهر هرات مراجعه نمودند، مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. یافته‌ها: در این تحقیق 50.4‌٪ خانم‌ها 18-29 سال، 74.5٪ متأهل، 47.4٪ خانم خانه بودند. میانگین و انحراف معیار شاخص‌DMFT در میان اشتراک‌کننده‌گان 5.56±6.86 بود و 50.6٪ دارای پوسیده‌گی شدید دندان (DMFT>4) می‌باشند. میان سطح تحصیل، سن، تعداد ولادت‌ها و استفاده از نوشیدنی گازدار و شاخص پوسیده‌گی ارتباط معنا‌دار آماری وجود دارد (p<0.001). نتیجه‌گیری: وضعیت سلامت دهان و دندان زنان باردار رضایت‌بخش نبود و به‌طور متوسط ۵.۵ دندان پوسیده داشتند. افزایش سطح تحصیلات و آگاهی‌دهی به خانم‌های سن باروری ازجمله اقدامات مؤثر در ارتقای بهداشت دهان و دندان در نزد این خانم‌ها و اطفال¬شان می‌باشد. انجام مطالعات وسیع‌تر در سطح کشور برای تعیین دقیق‌تر عوامل پوسیده‌گی دندان در نزد خانم‌های سن بارور‌ی بسیار ضروری می‌باشد.
Perbandingan Kadar Fenolik Total Antara Seduhan Daun Tin ( Ficuc crica L.) dan Teh Kombucha Daun Tin (Ficuc carica L.)
Authors: Karsidin Bambang , . Subagja , Alfarizi Revaldi Alfarizi
Published: November 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang Perbandingan Kadar Fenolik Total Antara Seduhan Daun Tin (Ficus carica L.) Dan Teh Kombucha Daun Tin (Ficus carica L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kadar fenolik total antara seduhan daun tin (Ficus carica L.) dan teh kombucha daun tin (Ficus carica L.).
Tanaman tin (Ficus carica L.) merupakan tanaman yang berasal dari Asia Barat dan merupakan spesies dari kawasan Mediterania. Tanaman tin merupakan salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan karena mengandung metabolit sekunder di seluruh bagian tanamannya seperti pada bagian daun. Daun tin (Ficus carica L.) mengandung senyawa fenolik dan senyawa metabolit sekunder lainnya seperti flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin. Kadar senyawa fenolik dapat dianalisa menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Visible. Penentuan kadar fenolik total menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dengan standar asam galat dan dinyatakan dalam mg ekivalen asam galat (GAE) per gram simplisia.
Hasil analisis pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa seduhan daun tin memiliki kadar fenolik total sebesar 126,3 mg GAE/g, dan kadar fenolik total teh kombucha daun tin sebesar 227,7 mg GAE/g.
Maka kesimpulan yang diperoleh bahwa  perbandingan kadar fenolik total pada seduhan daun tin berbanding teh kombucha daun tin adalah 0,5 : 1.
HUBUNGAN KETEPATAN PERESEPAN ANTIBIOTIKA BERDASARKAN METODE GYSSENS TERHADAP PERBAIKAN KLINIS PADA PNEUMONIA KOMUNITAS DI RS SWASTA KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Muhlis Muhammad , A. P Dyah , Novalinda Rhiska
Published: November 2022

Penggunaan antibiotika yang tidak rasional pada pasien community acquired pneumonia (CAP) dapat menyebabkan terjadinya DRP. Ketepatan peresepan antibiotika dapat meningkatkan keberhasilan terapi serta mencegah munculnya DRP antibiotika. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan ketepatan peresepan antibiotika terhadap perbaikan klinis pasien pneumonia komunitas yang menjalani rawat inap di RS Swasta Kota Yogyakarta.
Penelitian ini dirancang secara  observasional analitik dengan data retrospektif, data berupa rekam medis pasien dewasa dengan diagnosa pneumonia komunitas yang menjalani rawat inap pada periode Januari-Juli 2020, evaluasi ketepatan peresepan antibiotika menggunakan metode Gyssens. Perbaikan klinis yang diamati berupa jumlah leukosit, Respiratory Rate (RR).suhu tubuh, Length of Stay (LOS). Hubungan ketepatan peresepan antibiotika terhadap perbaikan klinis di analisis dengan chi-square.
Hasil penelitian didapat  46 pasien dengan  57 peresepan antibiotika, peresepan antibiotika yang tepat sebanyak 13,5% dan tidak tepat sebanyak 86,5%.  Hasil uji nilai signifikansi ketepatan peresepan antibiotika terhadap parameter perbaikan klinis jumlah leukosit (p = 0,200 > 0,05); respiratory rate (p = 0,592 > 0,05); suhu tubuh (p = 0,307 > 0,05); LOS (p = 0,200 > 0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat hubungan antara ketepatan peresepan antibiotika terhadap perbaikan jumlah leukosit, suhu tubuh, respiratory rate (RR), dan length of stay (LOS).
O chinelo do Museu do Ipiranga - USP: acervo, memória e poder
Authors: Matos Felipe , Kipnis Renato , Lima Ilza Carla Favaro de
Published: November 2022

O Museu do Ipiranga-USP, também conhecido como Museu Paulista da Universidade de São Paulo, foi reinaugurado em 2022, após noves anos fechado. O trabalho de monitoramento arqueológico realizado durantes as obras de reforma e ampliação do edifício-monumento gerou um interessante acervo de cultura material que acrescentou uma nova camada de informação e complexidade ao museu público mais antigo de São Paulo: objetos relacionados aos antigos trabalhadores da construção civil que ergueram, reformaram e conservaram a edificação, e usuários do Parque da Independência no entorno do edifício-monumento. Os achados serviram de mote para uma discussão que ganhou as redes sociais da instituição, iniciando um debate simbólico entre diferentes formas de conceber o espaço museológico, as tensões e distintas perspectivas sobre qual memória cabe ou não ser preservada no museu, o que deve ser valorizado, pesquisado, conservado, exposto e o que deve ser descartado desta história.
Introduction: Beauty and nature
Authors: Ortells Bañeres Raquel , García Roger Eduardo M.
Published: November 2022

In a world where it seems best to go unnoticed, many creatures display their beauty in plain sight. We could even say that we are surrounded by beauty. A diverse and overwhelming beauty that inspires artists and engineers, one that scientists have tried (and keep trying) to study and understand.
In this Metode SSJ monograph we will see how science has searched for the evolutionary causes of sexual beauty in the process of mate choice and self-perpetuation, necessarily adopting the point of view of each organism and studying how beauty is perceived species by species. As the famous phrase, attributed to various literary figures, reminds us, beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
Improved smoothed particle dynamics simulation of eXtended Pom-Pom viscoelastic fluid
Authors: Xu Xiao-Yang , Zhou Ya-Li , Yu Peng ,   School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China,   Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
Published: November 2022

Viscoelastic fluids widely exist in nature and industrial production, and the study of their complex rheological properties has important academic value and application significance. In this work, an improved smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is proposed to numerically simulate the viscoelastic flow based on the eXtended Pom-Pom (XPP) model. In order to improve the accuracy of the calculation, a kernel gradient correction discrete format without kernel derivative calculation is adopted. In order to prevent fluid particles from penetrating the solid wall, an enhanced boundary processing technology is proposed. To eliminate the tensile instability, an artificial stress is coupled into the momentum equation of conservation. Based on the XPP model, the viscoelastic Poiseuille flow and the viscoelastic droplet impacting solid wall problem are simulated by using the improved SPH method. The effectiveness and advantages of the improved SPH method are verified by comparing the SPH solutions with the solutions from the analytical method or finite difference method. The convergence of the improved SPH method is further evaluated by using several different particle sizes. On this basis, the influences of rheological parameters such as Reyonlds number Re, Weissenberg number Wi, solvent viscosity ratio β, anisotropy parameter α, relaxation time ratio γ and molecular chain arm number Q on the flow process are analyzed in depth. For the viscoelastic Poiseuille flow, the bigger the value of Re, Wi, and α, the larger the steady-state velocity is; the larger the value of γ and Q, the smaller the steady-state velocity is; the larger the value of β, the weaker the velocity overshoot is, but it does not affect the steady-state velocity. For the viscoelastic droplet problem, the larger the value of Re and Wi, the faster the droplet spreads; the larger the value of β, the weaker the droplet shrinkage behavior is, but it does not affect the final spreading width of droplet; the larger the value of α, the larger the droplet’s spreading width is; the larger the value of γ is, the stronger the droplet shrinkage behavior is; the larger the value of Q, the weaker its influence on the droplet’s spread width is. The improved SPH method in this paper can effectively describe the complex rheological properties and the free surface variation characteristics of viscoelastic fluid based on XPP model.
Cat-eye retroreflectors based large-dynamic-range alignment-free laser
Authors: Sheng Quan , Geng Jing-Ni , Wang Ai-Hua , Wang Meng , Qi Yue , Liu Jun-Jie , Fu Shi-Jie , Shi Wei , Yao Jian-Quan ,   School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China,   Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China,   Tianjin Suowei Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300308, China
Published: November 2022

Lasers with cavities consisting of retroreflecting elements can give the potential for large-dynamic-range alignment-free operation, which makes the important applications in adaptive wireless laser power transfer/communication possible. In such an emerging approach based on resonant laser beam in the cavity, the laser is delivered to the photovoltaic cell for charging application (or photodiode for communication application) at the receiver automatically, without the necessity of positioning and aiming the receiver in conventional laser wireless power transfer techniques. The laser capable of operating alignment-free efficiently across large-dynamic-range is essential for the application. In this work, the requirements for the dynamic range of alignment-free operation are summarized. An alignment-free laser with a cavity consisting of cat-eye retroreflectors is designed, and a large alignment-free dynamic range as never before is experimentally demonstrated. Telescope system in the laser cavity is adopted to suppress the beam expansion to enhance the working distance between the laser transmitter and the receiver. Coupled cavity scheme is used to reduce the laser intensity between the transmitter and the receiver for laser safety. By calculating the stability zone of the laser cavity, it is found that the stability zone of the receiver cat-eye distance is quite narrow. Hence, the laser operation is very sensitive to the defocusing of the cat eye defocusing. Moreover, the cat eye defocusing induced by optical aberrations of spherical aberration and field curvature can be rather serious, when the long working distance results in a large beam size and the angle of incidence is large, hence limiting the effective working distance and the field of view of the alignment-free laser significantly. In the experiment, the improved optical designs with the aberrations compensation are adopted for large-dynamic-range alignment-free operation. The end-pumped Nd:GdVO4 laser at 1063 nm can deliver over 5-W output within a working distance range of 1–5 m, and a receiver field of view of ±30°, without cavity realignment. The transmitter field of view reaching 4.6° (full width at half maximum) at a working distance of 5 m is also realized, with a corresponding receiver transverse movement range of 40 cm. Our work clarifies the optimizing criteria of the large-dynamic-range alignment-free laser based on cat-eye retroreflectors.
Ideal conductive wall and magnetohydrodynamic instability in Tokamak
Authors: Shen Yong , Dong Jia-Qi , He Hong-Da , Pan Wei , Hao Guang-Zhou ,   Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China,   Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Published: November 2022

In order to explore the conductive wall effect of plasma magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instability and the wall designing idea, the various forms of ideal conductive walls based on divertor equilibrium configurations in the HL-2A Tokamak and their role in suppressing kink modes are studied. The MHD instabilities and the ideal MHD operational β limits under free boundary or ideal wall conditions are compared. In the stability calculation, n = 1 kink mode is considered, which has a decisive influence on the MHD instability of Tokamak plasma. The research focuses on verifying the effectiveness of various shapes of conductive walls in suppressing internal and external kink modes, and observing the operational β limit changes, and discussing and analyzing related physics. It is found that an ideal conducting wall placed at a suitable distance from the plasma can effectively suppress the external kink modes. Under the condition that the average distance between the wall and the plasma surface is the same and small enough, the circular cross-section wall is not necessarily the best option. Setting an optimized polygonal conductive wall can more effectively suppress the MHD instability. It makes the ideal MHD operational β limit of the device, βN, increase to 2.73, which is about 6.5% higher than that for the device with a wall assumed to be set at infinity (\begin{document}$ \sim $\end{document}2.56). This implies that it is necessary to optimize and make a polygonal conductive wall as close as possible to the average distance from the plasma surface according to the poloidal-section shape of the elongated and shaped plasma, so as to achieve the suppression of external kink mode and increase the operational β limits. The physical mechanism of the stabilizing effect of the ideal wall on external kink modes is analyzed. With the development of the kink mode, when the plasma column is twisted closely to the wall, the plasma column will squeeze the magnetic field in the vacuum area, making the magnetic field line compressed and bent. At this time, the magnetic pressure and the component force of the magnetic tension in the opposite direction of the radial direction push the plasma back, thus stabilizing the kink mode. Finally, a conclusion is given.
Analysing binding stoichiometries in NMR titration experiments using Monte Carlo simulation and resampling techniques
Authors: Hübler Conrad
Published: November 2022

The application of Monte Carlo simulation and resampling techniques to analyse possible binding stoichiometries in NMR titration experiments is presented. Four simulated NMR titration experiments having complex species with 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2 stoichiometries were each analysed using a 1:1, 2:1/1:1, 1:1/1:2 and a 2:1/1:1/1:2 model as implemented in SupraFit. Each best-fit model was inspected using Monte Carlo simulation (MC), Cross Validation (CV) and a new protocol termed Reduction Analysis (RA). The results of the statistical post-processes were used to calculate characteristic descriptors that are the base of the judgment for both, the models and individual stability constants. The results indicate promising approaches to correctly identify 1:1, 2:1/1:1 and 1:1/1:2 models, however with some limitations in case of the 2:1/1:1/1:2 model. All simulations and post-processing protocols were performed with the newly presented SupraFit.
Downregulated miRNA-491-3p accelerates colorectal cancer growth by increasing uMtCK expression
Authors: Tang Xingkui , Lin Yukun , He Jialin , Luo Xijun , Liang Junjie , Zhu Xianjun
Published: November 2022

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the second most frequent cancer worldwide. MiR-491-3p, a tumor-suppressive microRNA (miRNA, miR), has been revealed to be abnormally expressed in CRC tissues. Meanwhile, up-regulated ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase (uMtCK) contributes to CRC cell proliferation. Here we aim to explore whether aberrant miR-491-3p expression promotes CRC progression through regulating uMtCK. To this end, miR-491-3p and uMtCK levels were assessed in CRC tissues using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The biological roles of miR-491-3p and uMtCK in regulating CRC growth were evaluated using colony formation assay and mouse Xenograft tumour model. We found that miR-491-3p expression was decreased in CRC tissues compared with matched para-cancerous tissues, whereas uMtCK expression was increased. Functionally, miR-491-3p overexpression repressed SW480 cell growth, whereas miR-491-3p depletion accelerated SW620 cell proliferation and growth. Inversely, uMtCK positively regulated CRC cell proliferation. Mechanistically, miR-491-3p post-transcriptionally downregulated uMtCK expression by binding to 3’-UTR of uMtCK. Consequently, restoring uMtCK expression markedly eliminated the role of miR-491-3p in suppressing CRC growth. Collectively, miR-491-3p functions as a tumour suppressor gene by repressing uMtCK, and may be a potential target for CRC treatment.
A novel nomogram for anastomotic leakage after surgery for rectal cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Li Tingzhen , Huang Jianglong , Lei Purun , Yang Xiaofeng , Chen Zehong , Chen Peng , Zhai Jiancheng , Guo Xuefeng , Wei Hongbo
Published: November 2022

Background

Anastomotic leakage remains one of the most common serious complications after rectal cancer surgery. How to predict its occurrence and prevent it remains largely elusive.

Objective

This study aimed to identify the risk factors of anastomotic leakage and construct a nomogram for predicting postoperative anastomotic leakage in patients with rectal cancer.

Methods

The data of 406 patients with rectal cancer after gastrointestinal surgery in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2011 to May 2020 were collected (243 in the training set and 163 in the testing set). Logistic regression was applied to determine the risk factors of postoperative anastomotic leakage of rectal cancer, and a nomogram prediction model was thus established. Predictive performance of the nomogram was evaluated by C-index and area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results

Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative bowel obstruction (odds ratio [OR] = 12.846, 95% confidence interval CI [1.441–114.54], p = 0.022) and early first defecation after surgery (OR = 0.501, 95% CI [0.31–0.812], p = 0.005) were independent risk factors, which could be used to develop a nomogram to predict the occurrence of anastomotic leakage accurately. The evaluation of the prediction model shows that the C-index value of the model was 0.955, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the training set was 0.820, and the testing set was 0.747, whereas the optimal cut-off point based on the nomogram score was 174.6.

Conclusion

This nomogram had a good prediction ability for postoperative anastomotic leakage in patients with rectal cancer. It can provide a reference for perioperative treatment and the selection of surgical methods to promote individualized and accurate treatment.
On the Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Basu Pathikrit
Published: November 2022

This paper provides an exact characterisation of the zeroes of the Riemann zeta function. The characterisation is based on a theorem about random vectors, which says that under some conditions, if a vector is always in the convex hull of the conditional expectations corresponding to any two mutually exclusive and exhaustiveevents, then the unconditional expectation of the random vector is equal to that vector.
Genetically Modified Silkworm Breeds (Bombyx mori L.) with Sexual Dimorphism at the Initial Stage of Ontogenesis
Authors: Larkina E. A. , Mirzakhodjaev B. A. , Mirzakhodjaev A. , Abdukayumova N. , Akbarova F.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the work was to evaluate the breeds of the world silkworm collection of the Scientific Research Institute of Sericulture (SRIS) labelled by sex at the stage of eggs of silkworm by biological characteristics for their use in hybridization. The eggs of silkworm of these genetically modified breeds can be easily separated by color (by sex) before reaching the imago stage.

The work was carried out in the laboratory of genetics and breeding of the silkworm of the SRIS on the materials of the living collection of the silkworm in 2020-2022.

The search and selection of breeds for hybridization was carried out by the ranking method. The ranking method consists in the ability to establish a relationship between the features, which are expressed by the order of the place occupied by each member in the aggregate, i.e. the place of rank in the variation series.

Hybrids from breeds labeled by sex at the stage of silkworm eggs with 100% purity of preparation, with the maximum manifestation of heterosis in reproductive and biological indicators, differ in: a high number of normal eggs in a clutch of C-12×C-10 - 614pcs, C–5×C-13 - 598pcs, C-12×C-14 – 598 pieces; caterpillar viability – C-12×C-10 – 96,5%, C-5×C-13 – 96,0%, C-12×C-14 – 96,2%; content of raw silk, – C-12×C-10 – 22,2%, C-5×C-13 – 22,0%, C-12×C-14 – 20,3%.

By the methods of traditional breeding selection at all stages of development, improved lines of silkworm breeds C-5, C-10, C-12, C-13, C-14 were bred in terms of reproductive indicators, hatching of silkworm eggs, the viability of caterpillars, weight and content of raw silk of cocoons.
Resiliency evaluation of a collective residence with an independent power outage system
Authors: Kim Jungmin , Shiba Toru , Ikaga Toshiharu , Akimoto Takashi , Tanabe Shin‐Ichi
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of a 48‐h independent power outage system, evaluate the indoor thermal environment under power outage conditions, and improve residential awareness of disasters through a power outage experience. A power outage experiment was conducted in a collective residence with a 48‐h independent power system. The available power for each dwelling unit was limited based on the type of heat source, at 700 and 1200 W for cogeneration (CG) and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) heating, respectively. The power supply was halted when the available power limit was exceeded. During the experiment, the thermal environment, temperature, humidity, amount of power generated by the CG and SOFC, and load power of the dwelling units were analyzed. We also conducted a questionnaire survey to evaluate the indoor environment and infrastructure. The results showed that home appliances could be used because all dwelling units were supplied with sufficient power, at 700 and 1200 W. The most important appliances were electric fans, refrigerators, lighting, mobile phones, and computer chargers. Therefore, the experiment demonstrated that a comfortable evacuation living condition can be realized by using CG and SOFC during a power outage in the summer.
Association between neighborhood living environment and step counts of middle‐aged and older adults: Focusing on street systems from the perspective of traffic safety
Authors: Morita Hiroshi , Hino Kimihiro , Yamada Ikuho , Usui Hiroyuki , Nohara Taku , Asami Yasushi
Published: November 2022

We analyzed the association between step counts and traffic safety indicators by multiple regression analysis. Results show that residents, especially older adults, in areas with many pedestrian streets, a high proportion of multilevel intersections, and a high proportion of three‐way intersections tend to walk more. In addition, these traffic safety indicators are found to be significantly more common in planned residential areas, especially in large‐scale developments and developments by public developers. In conclusion, this study evaluates the pedestrian‐friendly designs in existing planned residential areas and suggests the need to actively preserve and utilize these designs in future residential development.
Magnetic Skyrmion Lattices in a Novel 2D‐Twisted Bilayer Magnet
Authors: Zheng Fawei
Published: November 2022

Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected spin swirling vertices, which are promising in device applications due to their particle‐like nature and excellent controlability. Magnetic skyrmions are extensively studied in a variety of materials and proposed to exist in the extreme 2D limit, i.e., in twisted bilayer CrI3 (TBCI). Unfortunately, the magnetic states of TBCIs with small twist angles are disorderly distributed ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic (AFM) domains in recent experiments, and thus the method to get rid of disorders in TBCIs is highly desirable. Here, intralayer exchange interactions up to the third nearest neighbors without empirical parameters and very accurate interlayer exchange interactions are used to study the magnetic states of TBCIs. The functions of interlayer exchange interactions obtained using first‐principles calculations and stored in symmetry‐adapted artificial neural networks are proposed. Based on these, the subsequent Landau–Lifshitz–Gillbert equation calculations explain the disorderly distributed FM‐AFM domains in TBCIs with small twist angles and predict the orderly distributed skyrmions in TBCIs with large twist angles. This novel twisted 2D bilayer magnet can be used to design memory devices, monochromatic spin wave generators and many kinds of skyrmion lattices.
Ultra‐Stable Zn Anode Enabled by Fiber‐Directed Ion Migration Using Mass‐Producible Separator
Authors: Yao Lu , Hou Chenxin , Liu Mingqiang , Chen Haibiao , Zhao Qinghe , Zhao Yan , Wang Yuetao , Liu Lele , Yin Zu‐Wei , Qiu Jimin , Li Shunning , Qin Runzhi , Pan Feng
Published: November 2022

Aqueous zinc‐ion battery (AZB) is a promising candidate for next‐generation energy storage owing to inherent safety and low cost. However, AZBs are currently plagued by Zn dendrite growth and undesirable side‐reactions, leading to poor cycling stability and premature failure. To restrain the uncontrollable Zn growth, a unique separator is developed based on polyacrylonitrile/graphene oxide (abbreviated as PG) composite nanofibers, which contain abundance of zincophilicity functional groups to regulate the migration and distribution of Zn2+ ions in the separator. It is demonstrated that the cyano ligands on PG not only facilitate the dehydration of solvated Zn2+ ions prior to deposition, but also form fast lanes to enable homogenous scattering of deposition spots. Benefiting from these features, the PG separator offers a high ionic conductivity of 7.69 mS cm‐1 and a transference number of 0.74 for Zn2+. The Zn||Zn symmetrical cells with PG separators achieve an ultra‐stable cycle life over 13 000 h. Zn||Zn0.27V2O5 full batteries with PG separators retain 71.5% of the original capacity after 2800 cycles at a high current density of 2 A g‐1. This study offers future research directions toward the design of multifunctional separators to overcome the limits of Zn metal anode in AZBs.
Pre‐Adsorbed H‐Assisted N2 Activation on Single‐Atom Cadmium‐O5 Decorated In2O3 for Efficient NH3 Electrosynthesis
Authors: Yao Zhibo , Liu Shiqiang , Liu Honghong , Ruan Yukun , Hong Song , Wu Tai‐Sing , Hao Leiduan , Soo Yun‐Liang , Xiong Pei , Li Molly Meng‐Jung , Robertson Alex W. , Xia Qineng , Ding Liang‐Xin , Sun Zhenyu
Published: November 2022

The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) provides a promising avenue for sustainable and decentralized green ammonia (NH3) synthesis. To promote the NRR, the design and synthesis of efficient electrocatalysts with an elucidated reaction mechanism is critically important. Here, surface hydrogenation‐facilitated NRR is demonstrated to yield NH3 at low overpotentials on oxygen‐deficient In2O3 plates decorated with single atom CdO5 that have a weak N2‐binding capability. Adsorbed *H is calculated to be first produced via the Volmer reaction (H2O + e− → *H + OH−) and then reacts with dissolved N2 to generate *N2H2, which is likely the rate determining step (RDS) of the whole process. Cd atoms and oxygen vacancies in In2O3 jointly enhance the activation of N2 and accelerate the RDS, boosting the NRR. An NH3 production rate of as high as 57.5 µg h−1 mgcat−1 is attained at a mild potential, which is retained to a large extent even after 44 h of continuous polarization.
Mg‐Doped Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7)/C Composite with Enhanced Intercalation Pseudocapacitance for Ultra‐Stable and High‐Rate Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Xiong Fangyu , Li Jiantao , Zuo Chunli , Zhang Xiaolin , Tan Shuangshuang , Jiang Yalong , An Qinyou , Chu Paul K. , Mai Liqiang
Published: November 2022

Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) (NFPP) is considered as a promising cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to its low cost, non‐toxicity, and high structural stability, but its electrochemical performance is limited by the poor electronic conductivity. In this study, Mg‐doped NFPP/C composites are presented as cathode materials for SIBs. Benefiting from the enhanced electrochemical kinetics and intercalation pseudocapacitance resulted from the Mg doping, the optimal Mg‐doped NFPP/C composite (NFPP‐Mg5%) delivers high rate performance (capacity of ≈40 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1) and ultra‐long cycling life (14 000 cycles at 5 A g−1 with capacity retention of 80.8%). Moreover, the in situ X‐ray diffraction and other characterizations reveal that the sodium storage process of NFPP‐Mg5% is dominated by the intercalation pseudocapacitive mechanism. In addition, the full SIB based on NFPP‐Mg5% cathode and hard carbon anode exhibits the discharge capacity of ≈50 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 500 mA g−1. This study demonstrates the feasibility of improving the electrochemical performance of NFPP by doping strategy and presents a low‐cost, ultra‐stable, and high‐rate cathode material for SIBs.
Tunable Intervalence Charge Transfer in Ruthenium Prussian Blue Analog Enables Stable and Efficient Biocompatible Artificial Synapses
Authors: Robinson Donald A. , Foster Michael E. , Bennett Christopher H. , Bhandarkar Austin , Webster Elizabeth R. , Celebi Aleyna , Celebi Nisa , Fuller Elliot J. , Stavila Vitalie , Spataru Catalin D. , Ashby David S. , Marinella Matthew J. , Krishnakumar Raga , Allendorf Mark D. , Talin A. Alec
Published: November 2022

Emerging concepts for neuromorphic computing, bioelectronics, and brain‐computer interfacing inspire new research avenues aimed at understanding the relationship between oxidation state and conductivity in unexplored materials. This report expands the materials playground for neuromorphic devices to include a mixed valence inorganic 3D coordination framework, a ruthenium Prussian blue analog (RuPBA), for flexible and biocompatible artificial synapses that reversibly switch conductance by more than four orders of magnitude based on electrochemically tunable oxidation state. The electrochemically tunable degree of mixed valency and electronic coupling between N‐coordinated Ru sites controls the carrier concentration and mobility, as supported by density functional theory computations and application of electron transfer theory to in situ spectroscopy of intervalence charge transfer. Retention of programmed states is improved by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to extensively studied organic polymers, thus reducing the frequency, complexity, and energy costs associated with error correction schemes. This report demonstrates dopamine‐mediated plasticity of RuPBA synapses and biocompatibility of RuPBA with neuronal cells, evoking prospective application for brain‐computer interfacing.
Ultrafast Coherent THz Lattice Dynamics Coupled to Spins in the van der Waals Antiferromagnet FePS3
Authors: Mertens Fabian , Mönkebüscher David , Parlak Umut , Boix‐Constant Carla , Mañas‐Valero Samuel , Matzer Margherita , Adhikari Rajdeep , Bonanni Alberta , Coronado Eugenio , Kalashnikova Alexandra M. , Bossini Davide , Cinchetti Mirko
Published: November 2022

Coherent THz optical lattice and hybridized phonon–magnon modes are triggered by femtosecond laser pulses in the antiferromagnetic van der Waals semiconductor FePS3. The laser‐driven lattice and spin dynamics are investigated in a bulk crystal as well as in a 380 nm‐thick exfoliated flake as a function of the excitation photon energy, sample temperature and applied magnetic field. The pump‐probe magneto‐optical measurements reveal that the amplitude of a coherent phonon mode oscillating at 3.2 THz decreases as the sample is heated up to the Néel temperature. This signal eventually vanishes as the phase transition to the paramagnetic phase occurs, thus revealing its connection to the long‐range magnetic order. In the presence of an external magnetic field, the optically triggered 3.2 THz phonon hybridizes with a magnon mode, which is utilized to excite the hybridized phonon–magnon mode optically. These findings open a pathway toward the optical control of coherent THz photo–magnonic dynamics in a van der Waals antiferromagnet, which can be scaled down to the 2D limit.
Bulky Iridium NHC Complexes for Bright, Efficient Deep‐Blue OLEDs
Authors: Mackenzie Campbell F. R. , Zhang Le , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Samuel Ifor D.W. , Zysman‐Colman Eli
Published: November 2022

Four new deep‐blue‐emitting iridium(III) NHC complexes containing sterically demanding ligands are synthesized. The four complexes show bright, deep‐blue emission, with emission maxima between 420 and 427 nm in both acetonitrile solution and 30 wt% doped films in TSPO1; the two meridional isomers showing photoluminescence quantum yields, ΦPL, in doped films of 80% and 89%. The two meridional isomers are used to assess the impact of emitters containing bulky, sterically demanding ligands on the performance of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). OLEDs employing a stepped doping profile with mer‐Ir(tfpi_tmBn)3 as the emitter produce the highest performing devices in this study, with these devices exhibiting deep‐blue [λEL = 429 nm, CIE = (0.16, 0.08)] emission and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 14.9%, which decreases to 11.7% at 100 cd m−2. The performance of the OLEDs shows very good efficiencies and moderate efficiency roll‐offs in comparison to reported phosphorescent deep‐blue OLEDs with CIEy ≤ 0.08, as required for commercial displays. The promising results suggest that the design strategy of adding steric bulk to blue emitting iridium complexes containing NHC ligands is a useful strategy for reducing intermolecular interactions between emitters in OLEDs.
Frontier Molecular Orbitals Regulation Enables Efficient and Ultraviolet to Deep‐Blue Narrowband Emission
Authors: Luo Ming , Li Wei , Lyu Lingling , Li Deli , Du Songyu , Zhao Mengyu , Wang Zhichuan , Zhang Jiaseng , Li Yong , Ge Ziyi
Published: November 2022

Modulating the emission wavelength in the range of ultraviolet to deep‐blue with high color purity remains elusive. Herein, a versatile strategy is proposed from the perspective of rationally regulating nonbonding/π‐bonding character of frontier molecular orbitals to finely modulate emission colors while retaining superior color purity. By modifying the fused modes of indolo[3,2,1‐jk]carbazole (ICz) units, the proof‐of‐the‐concept emitters emphasize adjustable hybridization of nonbonding and π‐bonding characteristics, achieving a wide‐range color tuning range from ultraviolet (380 nm) to deep‐blue (428 nm) and small full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of 8–33 nm (63–222 meV). Organic light‐emitting diodes based on the new emitter exhibit electroluminescence emission at 430 nm, a small FWHM of 44 nm (253 meV), maximum external quantum efficiency of 10.9%, and CIE color coordinates of (0.16, 0.05). The CIE coordinates are close to the National Television System Committee (NTSC) standard blue of (0.15, 0.06).
Phase Transformation and Microstructural Evolution of CuS Electrodes in Solid‐State Batteries Probed by In Situ 3D X‐Ray Tomography
Authors: Zhang Zhenggang , Dong Kang , Mazzio Katherine A. , Hilger André , Markötter Henning , Wilde Fabian , Heinemann Tobias , Manke Ingo , Adelhelm Philipp
Published: November 2022

Copper sulfide shows some unique physico‐chemical properties that make it appealing as a cathode active material (CAM) for solid‐state batteries (SSBs). The most peculiar feature of the electrode reaction is the reversible formation of µm‐sized Cu crystals during cycling, despite its large theoretical volume change (75%). Here, the dynamic microstructural evolution of CuS cathodes in SSBs is studied using in situ synchrotron X‐ray tomography. The formation of µm‐sized Cu within the CAM particles can be clearly followed. This process is accompanied by crack formation that can be prevented by increasing the stack pressure from 26 to 40 MPa. Both the Cu inclusions and cracks show a preferential orientation perpendicular to the cell stack pressure, which can be a result of a z‐oriented expansion of the CAM particles during lithiation. In addition, cycling leads to a z‐oriented reversible displacement of the cathode pellet, which is linked to the plating/stripping of the Li counter electrode. The pronounced structural changes cause pressure changes of up to 6 MPa within the cell, as determined by operando stack pressure measurements. Reasons for the reversibility of the electrode reaction are discussed and are attributed to the favorable combination of soft materials.
Grain Regrowth and Bifacial Passivation for High‐Efficiency Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Zhou , Zhu Changhuai , Luo Haowen , Kong Wenchi , Luo Xin , Wu Jinlong , Ding Changzeng , Chen Yiyao , Wang Yurui , Wen Jin , Gao Yuan , Tan Hairen
Published: November 2022

The wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cell is a crucial part of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, which offer an avenue for surpassing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) limit of single‐junction silicon solar cells. However, the actual efficiency of such tandem solar cells today is diminished by the nonradiative recombination losses in the wide‐bandgap perovskite subcells. Here, this work reports a grain regrowth and bifacial passivation (GRBP) strategy to reduce recombination losses at the grain boundaries and perovskite/charge transport layer interfaces simultaneously. This is achieved by a posttreatment of perovskite films with a mixture of methylammonium thiocyanate (MASCN) and phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI). The MASCN induces the regrowth of perovskite grains and simultaneously facilitates the penetration of PEAI into the hole‐transport‐layer (HTL)/perovskite bottom interface. Thereby, the bulk and interface nonradiative recombination losses are reduced and the open‐circuit voltage in solar cells is considerably increased. PCEs of 21.9% and 19.9% for the 1.65‐eV bandgap opaque and semitransparent perovskite solar cells, respectively, are obtained. The encapsulated semitransparent perovskite solar cells retain their initial efficiency following 500 h of operation under one‐sun illumination in ambient conditions. The perovskite/silicon 4‐terminal (4‐T) tandem cells are fabricated with impressive PCEs 29.8% and 28.5% for 0.049 cm2 and 1  cm2 devices, respectively.
Grain Boundary Complexions Enable a Simultaneous Optimization of Electron and Phonon Transport Leading to High‐Performance GeTe Thermoelectric Devices
Authors: Zhang Chaohua , Yan Gan , Wang Yibo , Wu Xuelian , Hu Lipeng , Liu Fusheng , Ao Weiqin , Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana , Wuttig Matthias , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Yu Yuan
Published: November 2022

Grain boundaries (GBs) form ubiquitous microstructures in polycrystalline materials which play a significant role in tuning the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT). However, it is still unknown which types of GB features are beneficial for thermoelectrics due to the challenge of correlating complex GB microstructures with transport properties. Here, it is demonstrated that GB complexions formed by Ga segregation in GeTe‐based alloys can optimize electron and phonon transport simultaneously. The Ga‐rich complexions increase the power factor by reducing the GB resistivity with slightly improved Seebeck coefficients. Simultaneously, they lower the lattice thermal conductivity by strengthening the phonon scattering. In contrast, Ga2Te3 precipitates at GBs act as barriers to scatter both phonons and electrons and are thus unable to improve ZT. Tailoring GBs combined with the beneficial alloying effects of Sb and Pb enables a peak ZT of ≈2.1 at 773 K and an average ZT of 1.3 within 300–723 K for Ge0.78Ga0.01Pb0.1Sb0.07Te. The corresponding thermoelectric device fabricated using 18‐pair p‐n legs shows a power density of 1.29 W cm−2 at a temperature difference of 476 K. This work indicates that GB complexions can be a facile way to optimize electron and phonon transport, further advancing thermoelectric materials.
Cracking‐Controlled Slurry Coating of Mosaic Electrode for Flexible and High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Luo Yufeng , Wang Lei , Wei Zhenyao , Huang Qiyao , Deng Yonghong , Zheng Zijian
Published: November 2022

The realization of high‐performance thick S cathodes is a critical step to achieve high energy density lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. However, it normally requires a complicated and time‐consuming fabrication processes to obtain high‐performance S cathodes with high mass loading. On the other hand, thick S cathodes fabricated with high‐speed slurry coating method show poor flexibility, capacity, and cycle life due to unpredictable electrode cracking. Herein, an industrial‐speed cracking‐controlled slurry coating method to generate mosaic‐like cracks in the S cathode is developed, which provides vertical channels to facilitate the rapid diffusion of electrolyte, adequate space to accommodate the volume expansion during cycling, and strain‐releasing structure to achieve high flexibility. With this simple method, thick Mosaic‐S cathodes (9 mAh cm−2) provide outstanding energy density, long cycle life, and outstanding flexibility under dynamic bending. This work paves the way for scalable fabrication of high‐performance S cathodes in the near future.
Clinical implications and optimal extent of lymphadenectomy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A multicenter analysis of the therapeutic index
Authors: Umeda Yuzo , Takagi Kosei , Matsuda Tatsuo , Fuji Tomokazu , Kojima Toru , Satoh Daisuke , Hioki Masayoshi , Endo Yoshikatsu , Inagaki Masaru , Oishi Masahiro , Yagi Takahito , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi
Published: November 2022

Aims

Lymph node metastases (LNM) are associated with lethal prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Lymphadenectomy is crucial for accurate staging and hopes of possible oncological treatment. However, the therapeutic implications and optimal extent of lymphadenectomy remain contentious.

Methods

To clarify the prognostic value and optimal extent of lymphadenectomy, the therapeutic index (TI) for each lymph node was analyzed for 279 cases that had undergone lymphadenectomy in a multi‐institutional database. Tumor localization was divided into hilar lesions (n = 130), right peripheral lesions (n = 60), and left peripheral lesions (n = 89). In addition, the lymph node station was classified as Level 1 (LV1: hepatoduodenal ligament node), Level 2 (LV2: postpancreatic or common hepatic artery nodes), or Level 3 (LV3: gastrocardiac, left gastric artery, or celiac artery nodes).

Results

Lymph node metastases were confirmed in 109 patients (39%). Five‐y survival rates were 45.3% for N0 disease, 27.1% for LV1‐LNM, 22.9% for LV2‐LNM, and 7.3% for LV3‐LNM (P < 0.001). LV3‐LNM were the most frequent and earliest recurrence outcome, including multisite recurrence, followed by LV2, LV1, and N0 disease. The 5‐year TI (5year‐TI) for lymphadenectomy was 7.2 for LV1, 5.5 for LV2, and 1.9 for LV3. Regarding tumor location, hilar lesions showed 5‐year TI >5.0 in LV1 and LV2, whereas bilateral peripheral lesions showed 5‐year TI > 5.0 in LV1.

Conclusion

The implications and extent of lymphadenectomy for ICC appear to rely on tumor location. In the peripheral type, the benefit of lymphadenectomy would be limited and dissection beyond LV1 should be avoided, while in the hilar type, lymphadenectomy up to LV2 could be recommended.