bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic and Experimental Studies on Al Addition of 253MA Steel
Authors: Li Yandong , Zhang Tongsheng , Liu Chengjun , Jiang Maofa
Published: April 2019

To solve the nozzle clogging issue in the continuous casting process of 253MA steel, a method of modifying solid inclusions to liquid phases is proposed. The CALPHAD technique was employed to predict the liquid region of the Al2O3-SiO2-Ce2O3 system. Then a thermodynamic package based on the extracted data during the phase diagram optimization process was developed. This package was then used to compute the appropriate aluminum addition, which was 0.01% in 253MA steel. The Si-Al alloy was chosen as the deoxidant according to the thermodynamic analysis. The solid inclusions were ultimately modified to liquid phases at 1500 °C when cerium was added through the equilibrium experiments in a MoSi2 tube furnace.
Germanium Crystal Chemistry in Cu-Bearing Sulfides from Micro-XRF Mapping and Micro-XANES Spectroscopy
Authors: Belissont Rémi , Munoz Manuel , Boiron Marie-Christine , Luais Béatrice , Mathon Olivier
Published: April 2019

Germanium is considered a critical element, with a demand that has sharply increased due to booming high-technology industries. To understand Ge incorporation mechanisms in natural systems, we investigate Ge speciation in Cu-bearing sulfide minerals using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (XRF) chemical mapping and Ge K-edge µ-X-ray absorption near-edge structures (µ-XANES) spectroscopy. The samples investigated include (i) a homogeneous chalcopyrite from the Kipushi polymetallic deposit (Central African copperbelt, D.R. Congo) and (ii) a zoned Ge-rich chalcopyrite from the Barrigão Cu deposit (Iberian pyrite belt, Portugal). First, our spectroscopic analysis supports the occurrence of tetrahedrally-coordinated Ge4+ in chalcopyrite, independently from origins or zoning patterns observed for these minerals. Then, based on statistical analyses of XRF chemical maps, we demonstrate that tetravalent germanium most likely incorporates chalcopyrite through the Fe crystallographic site via coupled substitutions with the following form: (2x + 3y)Fe3+ ⟷ (x + 2y)(Ge,Sn)4+ + x(Zn,Pb)2+ + y(Cu,Ag)+, although the presence of lattice vacancies cannot be completely excluded.
Heat-Assisted Batch Settling of Mineral Suspensions in Inclined Containers
Authors: Reyes Cristian , Ihle Christian F. , Apaz Fernando , Cisternas Luis A.
Published: April 2019

In mineral processing, the common requirement for progressively finer milling due to the decreasing of ore grades implies the need for more challenging water recovery conditions in thickeners. Several mining operations exist in arid areas, where water recovery becomes critical. The present paper explores the process of particle separation in batch inclined settlers where the downward facing wall is subject to heating. To this purpose, two-dimensional numerical simulations using a mixture model have been run for a number of combinations of temperature jumps at the downward facing fall, particle diameters, and concentrations. Results show that, for particle sizes on the order of 10 µm, heating has a significant effect on the particle settling velocity at the bottom, but it also promotes particle resuspension, affecting the particle concentration at the supernatant layer. The initial concentration also affects settling: for the concentration range tested (8%–15% by volume), when re-normalized by the average concentration, particle accumulation rates at the bottom were found to be lower for higher average concentrations, thus suggesting that the separation process is more efficient at lower concentrations.
IMPAct: A Holistic Framework for Mixed Reality Robotic User Interface Classification and Design
Authors: Krupke Dennis , Zhang Jianwei , Steinicke Frank
Published: April 2019

The number of scientific publications combining robotic user interfaces and mixed reality highly increased during the 21st Century. Counting the number of yearly added publications containing the keywords “mixed reality” and “robot” listed on Google Scholar indicates exponential growth. The interdisciplinary nature of mixed reality robotic user interfaces (MRRUI) makes them very interesting and powerful, but also very challenging to design and analyze. Many single aspects have already been successfully provided with theoretical structure, but to the best of our knowledge, there is no contribution combining everything into an MRRUI taxonomy. In this article, we present the results of an extensive investigation of relevant aspects from prominent classifications and taxonomies in the scientific literature. During a card sorting experiment with professionals from the field of human–computer interaction, these aspects were clustered into named groups for providing a new structure. Further categorization of these groups into four different categories was obvious and revealed a memorable structure. Thus, this article provides a framework of objective, technical factors, which finds its application in a precise description of MRRUIs. An example shows the effective use of the proposed framework for precise system description, therefore contributing to a better understanding, design, and comparison of MRRUIs in this growing field of research.
Facile Photochemical Syntheses of Conjoined Nanotwin Gold-Silver Particles within a Biologically-Benign Chitosan Polymer
Authors: Korir Daniel K. , Gwalani Bharat , Joseph Abel , Kamras Brian , Arvapally Ravi K. , Omary Mohammad A. , Marpu Sreekar B.
Published: April 2019

A simple photochemical method for making conjoined bi-metallic gold-silver (Au/Ag) nanotwins, a new breed of nanoparticles (NPs), is developed. To the best of our knowledge, the photochemical method resulted in distinct, conjoined, bimetallic nanotwins that are different from any well-established alloyed or core-shell nanostructures in the literature. The conjoined Au-Ag NPs possessed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties of both metals. The bimetallic nanostructures possessing distinctive optical properties of both metals were obtained using Au NPs as seeds in the first step, followed by the addition of a silver precursor as feed in the second step during a photochemical irradiation process. In the first step, small, isotropic or large, anisotropic Au NPs are generated by photoinduced reduction within a biocompatible chitosan (CS) polymer. In the second step, a silver precursor (AgNO3) is added as the feed to the AuNPs seed, followed by irradiation of the solution in the ice-bath. The entire photochemical irradiation process resulting in the formation of bimetallic Au-AgNPs did not involve any other reducing agents or stabilizing agents other than the CS polymer stabilizer. The small, conjoined Au-Ag bi-metallic NPs exhibited SPR with peak maxima centering at ~400 nm and ~550 nm, whereas the large conjoined nanoparticles exhibited SPR with peak maxima centering at ~400 nm, 550 nm, and 680 nm, characteristic of both gold and silver surface plasmons in solution. The tunability in the SPR and size of the bimetallic NPs were obtained by varying the reaction time and other reaction parameters, resulting in average sizes between 30 and 100 nm. The SPR, size, distribution, and elemental composition of the bi-metallic NPs were characterized using UV-Vis absorption, electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) studies.
Thermoelectric Properties of Hexagonal M2C3 (M = As, Sb, and Bi) Monolayers from First-Principles Calculations
Authors: Zhu Xue-Liang , Liu Peng-Fei , Xie Guofeng , Zhou Wu-Xing , Wang Bao-Tian , Zhang Gang
Published: April 2019

Hexagonal M2C3 compound is a new predicted functional material with desirable band gaps, a large optical absorption coefficient, and ultrahigh carrier mobility, implying its potential applications in photoelectricity and thermoelectric (TE) devices. Based on density-functional theory and Boltzmann transport equation, we systematically research the TE properties of M2C3. Results indicate that the Bi2C3 possesses low phonon group velocity (~2.07 km/s), low optical modes (~2.12 THz), large Grüneisen parameters (~4.46), and short phonon relaxation time. Based on these intrinsic properties, heat transport ability will be immensely restrained and therefore lead to a low thermal conductivity (~4.31 W/mK) for the Bi2C3 at 300 K. A twofold degeneracy is observed at conduction bands along Γ-M direction, which gives a high n-type electrical conductivity. Its low thermal conductivity and high Seebeck coefficient lead to an excellent TE response. The maximum thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of n-type can approach 1.41 for Bi2C3. This work shows a perspective for applications of TE and stimulate further experimental synthesis.
A Facile, Low-Cost Plasma Etching Method for Achieving Size Controlled Non-Close-Packed Monolayer Arrays of Polystyrene Nano-Spheres
Authors: Chen Yun , Shi Dachuang , Chen Yanhui , Chen Xun , Gao Jian , Zhao Ni , Wong Ching-Ping
Published: April 2019

Monolayer nano-sphere arrays attract great research interest as they can be used as templates to fabricate various nano-structures. Plasma etching, and in particular high-frequency plasma etching, is the most commonly used method to obtain non-close-packed monolayer arrays. However, the method is still limited in terms of cost and efficiency. In this study, we demonstrate that a low frequency (40 kHz) plasma etching system can be used to fabricate non-close-packed monolayer arrays of polystyrene (PS) nano-spheres with smooth surfaces and that the etching rate is nearly doubled compared to that of the high-frequency systems. The study reveals that the low-frequency plasma etching process is dominated by a thermal evaporation etching mechanism, which is different from the atom-scale dissociation mechanism that underlines the high-frequency plasma etching. It is found that the polystyrene nano-sphere size can be precisely controlled by either adjusting the etching time or power. Through introducing oxygen as the assisting gas in the low frequency plasma etching system, we achieved a coalesced polystyrene nano-sphere array and used it as a template for metal-assisted chemical etching. We demonstrate that the method can significantly improve the aspect ratio of the silicon nanowires to over 200 due to the improved flexure rigidity.
Nanoparticles Equipped with α2,8-Linked Sialic Acid Chains Inhibit the Release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
Authors: Bornhöfft Kim F. , Viergutz Torsten , Kühnle Andrea , Galuska Sebastian P.
Published: April 2019

Neutrophils can combat the invasion of pathogens by the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The NET mechanism is not only an effective tool for combating pathogens, but is also associated with diseases. Therefore, NETs are a potential target for combating pathologies, such as cystic fibrosis and thrombosis. We investigated the potential of nanoparticles, which were modified with α2,8-linked sialic acid chains, to modulate NET release during phorbol myristate acetate stimulation. Interestingly, when these nanoparticles were applied, the formation of reactive oxygen species was partly inhibited and the release of NET was counteracted. However, although the release of NET fibers was prevented, the nuclei still lost their characteristic segmented structure and became swollen, indicating that only the release, and not complete activation was suppressed. Intriguingly, coincubation of α2,8-sialylated particles with free sialic acid chains prevented the outlined inhibitory effects. Thus, the sialic acid chains must be attached to a linker molecule to generate an active bioconjugate that is able to inhibit the release of NET.
Total Phenolic Content, Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Vegetables from Western Nepal
Authors: Aryal Sushant , Baniya Manoj Kumar , Danekhu Krisha , Kunwar Puspa , Gurung Roshani , Koirala Niranjan
Published: April 2019

Eight selected wild vegetables from Nepal (Alternanthera sessilis, Basella alba, Cassia tora, Digera muricata, Ipomoea aquatica, Leucas cephalotes, Portulaca oleracea and Solanum nigrum) were investigated for their antioxidative potential using 2,2-dyphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and ferric thiocyanate (FTC) methods. Among the selected plant extracts C. tora displayed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value 9.898 μg/mL, whereas A. sessilis had the maximum H2O2 scavenging activity with an IC50 value 16.25 μg/mL—very close to that of ascorbic acid (16.26 μg/mL). C. tora showed the highest absorbance in the FRAP assay and the lowest lipid peroxidation in the FTC assay. A methanol extract of A. sessilis resulted in the greatest phenolic content (292.65 ± 0.42 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent method, while the smallest content was recorded for B. alba (72.66 ± 0.46 GAE/g). The greatest flavonoid content was observed with extracts of P. oleracea (39.38 ± 0.57 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g) as measured by an aluminium chloride colorimetric method, while the least was recorded for I. aquatica (6.61 ± 0.42 QE/g). There was a strong correlation between antioxidant activity with total phenolic (DPPH, R2 = 0.75; H2O2, R2 = 0.71) and total flavonoid content (DPPH, R2 = 0.84; H2O2, R2 = 0.66). This study demonstrates that these wild edible leafy plants could be a potential source of natural antioxidants.
Preparation and Characterization of Furosemide-Silver Complex Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles
Authors: Rodriguez Victor A. , Bolla Pradeep Kumar , Kalhapure Rahul S. , Boddu Sai Hanuman Sagar , Neupane Rabin , Franco Julian , Renukuntla Jwala
Published: April 2019

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria may result in serious infections which are difficult to treat. In addition, the poor antibiotic pipeline has contributed to the crisis. Recently, a complex of furosemide and silver (Ag-FSE) has been reported as a potential antibacterial agent. However, its poor aqueous solubility is limiting its activity. The purpose of this study was to encapsulate Ag-FSE into chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) and evaluate antibacterial efficacy. Ag-FSE CSNPs were prepared using an ionic gelation technique. The particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of Ag-FSE CSNPs were 197.1 ± 3.88 nm 0.234 ± 0.018 and 36.7 ± 1.78 mV, respectively. Encapsulation efficiency was 66.72 ± 4.14%. In vitro antibacterial activity results showed that there was 3- and 6-fold enhanced activity with Ag-FSE CSNPs against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Results also confirmed that Ag-FSE CSNPs showed ~44% release within 4 h at pH 5.5 and 6.5. Moreover, release from the CSNPs was sustained with a cumulative release of ~75% over a period of 24 h. In conclusion, encapsulation of Ag-FSE into CSNPs resulted in significant improvement of antibacterial efficacy with a sustained and pH-sensitive release. Therefore, Ag-FSE CSNPs can be considered as a potential novel antibacterial agent against bacterial infections.
Monitoring the Process Based on Belief Statistic for Neutrosophic Gamma Distributed Product
Authors: Aslam Muhammad , Bantan Rashad A. R. , Khan Nasrullah
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we developed a control chart methodology for the monitoring the mean time between two events using the belief estimator under the neutrosophic gamma distribution. The proposed control chart coefficients and the neutrosophic average run length (NARL) have been determined using different process settings. The performance of the proposed chart is compared with the control chart under classical statistics in terms of NARL using the simulation data and real example. From comparisons, it is concluded that the proposed chart is efficient, effective and adequate to be used under uncertainty environment than the chart under classical statistics.
Drying of Phyla nodiflora Leaves: Antioxidant Activity, Volatile and Phytosterol Content, Energy Consumption, and Quality Studies
Authors: Chua Lisa , Chua Bee , Figiel Adam , Chong Chien , Wojdyło Aneta , Szumny Antoni , Łyczko Jacek
Published: April 2019

Drying is an important process in the preservation of antioxidants in medicinal plants. In this study, leaves of Phyla nodiflora, or commonly known as frog fruit, were dried using convective drying (CD) at 40, 50, and 60 °C; vacuum-microwave drying (VMD) at 6, 9, and 12 W/g; and convective pre-drying followed by vacuum-microwave finish drying (CPD–VMFD) at 50 °C and 9 W/g. Drying kinetics of P. nodiflora leaves was modelled, and the influences of drying methods on the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, volatile and phytosterol contents, energy consumption, water activity, and color properties were determined. Results showed that drying kinetics was best described by modified Page model. VMD achieved highest drying rate, whereas VMFD considerably reduced the drying time of CD from 240 min to 105 min. CPD–VMFD was the best option to dry P. nodiflora in terms of retaining volatiles and phytosterols, with lower energy consumption than CD. Meanwhile, VMD at 6 W/g produced samples with the highest antioxidant activity with 2,2′-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value of 11.00 and 15.99 µM Trolox/100 g dw, respectively.
Resource and Information Access for SME Sustainability in the Era of IR 4.0: The Mediating and Moderating Roles of Innovation Capability and Management Commitment
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Salisu Isyaku , Aslam Hassan , Iqbal Jawad , Hameed Irfan
Published: April 2019

In the era of industrial revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0), sustainability has been a serious challenge of contemporary small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Using Natural Resource-Based-View (NRBV), the current paper examines the moderated mediation model of the role of information access in the sustainability of SMEs, through the mediating role of access to resource and innovation capability in the relationship between information access and sustainability, and the moderating role of management commitment in the relationship between innovation capability and SME sustainability. This paper gathered data from 222 SMEs in Pakistan. The study used a purposive sampling technique to distribute the survey questionnaire. Smart-PLS software was used to analyze the data. The study finding indicates that access to information affects both sustainability and innovation capability. Moreover, access to resources affects innovation capability, though it did not affect SME sustainability. Furthermore, innovation capability mediates the relationship between access to resources, access to information, and SME sustainability. Additionally, management commitment moderates the relationship between access to information and innovation capability; however, it does not moderate the relationship between access to resources and innovation capability. Practical, theoretical, and methodological implications are discussed in the study.
Contesting “Conversion” and “Reversion” among Young Adult Asian American Buddhists
Authors: Han Chenxing
Published: April 2019

This paper engages the perspectives of thirty young adult Asian American Buddhists (YAAABs) raised in non-Buddhist households. Grounded in semi-structured, one-on-one in-person and email interviews, my research reveals the family tensions and challenges of belonging faced by a group straddling multiple religious and cultural worlds. These young adults articulate their alienation from both predominantly white and predominantly Asian Buddhist communities in America. On the one hand, they express ambivalence over adopting the label of “convert” because of its Christian connotations as well as its associations with whiteness in the American Buddhist context. On the other hand, they lack the familiarity with Asian Buddhist cultures experienced by second- or multi-generation YAAABs who grew up in Buddhist families. In their nuanced responses to arguments that (1) American convert Buddhism is a non-Asian phenomenon, and (2) Asians in the West can only “revert” to Buddhism, these young adults assert the plurality and hybridity of their lived experiences as representative of all American Buddhists, rather than incidental characteristics of a fringe group within a white-dominated category.
Jain Narrative Literature in Brajbhāṣā: Discussions from an Understudied Field
Authors: Plau Adrian
Published: April 2019

Jain narrative literature in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and Apabhraṃśa is rightly recognised as one of South Asia’s great cultural heritages and a vital source of material for insight into premodern Jain teachings, practices, and everyday life. However, Jain studies is yet to fully engage with the rich archive of Jain narrative literature in Brajbhāṣā, and a wealth of untapped manuscript material is waiting to be explored. In this article, I argue that by going beyond the too-broad moniker of “Jain Hindī literature” to recognise Jain narrative literature in Brajbhāṣā as a distinct category, we may better understand the Jains of early modern North India as partakers of a wider literary and religious culture. More particularly, by comparing the form and religious outlook of Rāmcand Bālak’s Sītācarit, a seventeenth-century Rāmāyaṇa treatment, with the works of the more well-known Banārsīdās, we see that even amongst the Jains who used Brajbhāṣā, considerable variety of outlooks and approaches existed.
Is It Working? An Impact Evaluation of the German “Women Professors Program”
Authors: Löther Andrea
Published: April 2019

The Women Professors Program, which was initiated in Germany in 2008, aims to increase the proportion of women professors and to promote structural change in favour of gender equality at higher education institutions (HEIs). It is one of the central gender equality policies in higher education in Germany. The present study evaluates the impact of the program by estimating its causal effects on the proportion of women professors. By adopting a quasi-experimental approach and using a unique dataset—a long term census of German HEIs—the study proves that the proportion of women professors increased more than would have been expected in the absence of the program. Although the evaluation includes preliminary estimates of mechanisms driving the described impacts, the integration of context factors and mechanisms into the assessment of the impact of gender equality policies remains a desideratum. The study shows that the program is working, and it contributes to redressing the lack of impact studies on gender equality in science and research.
Gender Equality and Economic Diversification
Authors: Kazandjian Romina , Kolovich Lisa , Kochhar Kalpana , Newiak Monique
Published: April 2019

We show that gender inequality decreases the variety of goods countries produce and export, in particular in low-income and developing countries. We argue that this happens through at least two channels: first, gender gaps in opportunity, such as lower educational enrollment rates for girls than for boys, harm diversification by constraining the potential pool of human capital available in an economy. Second, gender gaps in the labor market impede the development of new ideas by decreasing the efficiency of the labor force. Our empirical estimates support these hypotheses, providing evidence that gender-friendly policies could help countries diversify their economies.
Multi-Conflicts between the Government, the Non-Profit Organisation and the People after a Serious Landslide Disaster Based Upon Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Chuang Min-Ta
Published: April 2019

Due to the increasing number of intensified extreme events, post-recovery has become a serious challenge worldwide. The common issues faced during the recovery process are fragmentation and coordination problems, the lack of capacity and commitment and the variations in recovery. This study explores the conflicts between various stakeholders via NVivo, based upon the recovery process in Typhoon Morakot. A qualitative analysis was conducted with the software NVivo 10; the findings showed the following: the stakeholders include the government t, the non-profit organisations (NPOs) (mainly charity funds) and the people. For short-term sheltering and long-term settlement, the government plays the leading role in the rebuilding work, supported by NPOs. However, this study discovers that people are disappointed with the government’s rebuilding efforts. As a result, people opt to self-rescue management. Furthermore, the supplementary NPOs sometimes play leading roles in the rebuilding, resulting in conflicts between people. Overall, the government does not take quick and proper actions, resulting in the delay of the rebuilding progress and the dilemma of role misallocation of various stakeholders. As a whole, post-disaster recovery should take the local victims’ preferences into consideration and this might be helpful to speed up the recovery process.
Ultrastructural Features of Human Liver Specimens from Patients Who Died of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Authors: Win Min Min , Charngkaew Komgrid , Punyadee Nuntaya , Aye Khin Saw , Win Ne , Chaisri Urai , Chomanee Nusara , Avirutnan Panisadee , Yoksan Sutee , Malasit Prida
Published: April 2019

Recent advances in electron microscopy and tomography have revealed distinct virus-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structures unique for dengue virus (DV) and other flaviviruses in cell culture models, including hepatocytes. These altered ultrastructures serve as sites for viral replication. In this study, we used transmission electron microscopy to investigate whether such structures were present in the liver of fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) autopsy cases. In parallel, electron microscopic examination of suckling mouse brains experimentally infected with DV was performed as an in vivo model of acute DV infection. Typical features of ER changes containing abundance of replicative virions were observed in neurons and microglia of DV-infected suckling mouse brains (SMB). This indicated that the in vivo DV infection could induce similar viral replication structures as previously described in the in vitro DV-infected cell model. Nevertheless, liver tissues from autopsy of patients who died of DHF showed scant changes of ER membrane structures and rare particles of virions in hepatocytes, despite overwhelming evidence for the presence of viral antigens and RNA–indicating active virus replication. Instead hepatocytes contained an abundance of steatotic vesicles and structural damages. This lack of structural changes indicative of virus replication in human hepatocytes is discussed.
Development of a Low-Density DNA Microarray for Detecting Tick-Borne Bacterial and Piroplasmid Pathogens in African Cattle
Authors: Abanda Babette , Paguem Archile , Achukwi Mbunkah Daniel , Renz Alfons , Eisenbarth Albert
Published: April 2019

In Africa, pathogens transmitted by ticks are of major concern in livestock production and human health. Despite noticeable improvements particularly of molecular screening methods, their widespread availability and the detection of multiple infections remain challenging. Hence, we developed a universally accessible and robust tool for the detection of bacterial pathogens and piroplasmid parasites of cattle. A low-cost and low-density chip DNA microarray kit (LCD-Array) was designed and tested towards its specificity and sensitivity for five genera causing tick-borne diseases. The blood samples used for this study were collected from cattle in Northern Cameroon. Altogether, 12 species of the genera Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia and Theileria, and their corresponding genus-wide probes including Babesia were tested on a single LCD-Array. The detection limit of plasmid controls by PCR ranged from 1 to 75 copies per µL depending on the species. All sequenced species hybridized on the LCD-Array. As expected, PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing found significantly less pathogens than the LCD-Array (p < 0.001). Theileria and Rickettsia had lower detection limits than Anaplasma and Ehrlichia. The parallel identification of some of the most detrimental tick-borne pathogens of livestock, and the possible implementation in small molecular-diagnostic laboratories with limited capacities makes the LCD-Array an appealing asset.
GIS-Based Equity Gap Analysis: Case Study of Baltimore Bike Share Program
Authors: Bhuyan Istiak A. , Chavis Celeste , Nickkar Amirreza , Barnes Philip
Published: April 2019

As more cities adopt bike share systems, questions regarding equity, accessibility, expansion, and bikability arise. Baltimore City implemented bike share in 2016 with plans to expand it up to 57 stations. This paper introduces a new methodology for an equity-based planning analysis which help minimize segregation and marginalization in planning practices. The proposed geographic methodology incorporates a modified population density-based bike equity index and develops a level of traffic stress index to prioritize bikeshare infrastructure. This study provides a parallel prioritization scheme for implementing bikeshare and supporting cycling infrastructure.
Modification and Clinical Application of the Inner Perivitelline Membrane Test in Different Avian Species
Authors: Krohn Judith , Fischer Dominik , Schneider Helena , Failing Klaus , Lierz Michael , Ehling Christine , Wehrend Axel
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to adapt an inner perivitelline membrane (IPVM) test as an interspecies penetration assay for avian spermatozoa. The IPVM of different bird species was evaluated to test the penetrating ability of avian spermatozoa in an intra- and interspecies design. Isolation of the IPVM via acid hydrolysis was tested in pre-incubated chicken eggs and in six other avian species. The separation protocol was modified (time, acid concentration) to facilitate practicability. Separated membranes were evaluated with dark field microscopy for the presence of holes produced by penetrating spermatozoa. In chicken eggs, the influence of different membrane storage conditions was tested. In the penetration assay, the IPVM of chicken eggs was used as a model for fresh and frozen–thawed rooster sperm and for fresh spermatozoa of cockatiels and falcons. Results demonstrated that the time of egg-incubation had a significantly negative influence on the isolation ability of the IPVM (p < 0.0001). IPVM-separation was successful for a maximum of two days after preincubation. In the experiments with eggs from other avian species, results were heterogenous: there was no isolation in geese and cockatiels, 20% in the European kestrel, and 40% in pheasant, quail, and duck. In the penetration assay, holes were found in 100% of the IPVM of chicken eggs after incubation with native and frozen–thawed rooster semen and in 10% with fresh cockatiel semen. Falcon spermatozoa failed to produce visible holes. In conclusion, the IPVM of chicken eggs seems to be unsuitable to establish a functional sperm assay in other species tested but is suitable for quality evaluation of cryopreserved rooster sperm.
Battery Life Enhancement in a Hybrid Electrical Energy Storage System Using a Multi-Source Inverter
Authors: Mahadik Yogesh , Vadirajacharya K.
Published: April 2019

This paper introduces a new topology using a multi-source inverter with the intention of reducing the battery current and weight, while enhancing the battery life and increasing the driving range for plug-in electric vehicles, with the combination of a battery and an ultracapacitor (UC) as storage devices. The proposed topology interconnects the UC and battery directly to the three-phase load with a single-stage conversion using an inverter. The battery life is considerably reduced due to excess (peak) current drawn by the load, and these peak load current requirements are met by connecting the ultracapacitor to the battery, controlled through an inverter. Here, the battery is used to cater to the needs of constant profile energy demands, and the UC is used to meet the dynamic peak load profile. This system is highly efficient and cost-effective when compared to a contemporary system with a single power source. Through a comparative analysis, the cost-effectiveness of the proposed energy management system (EMS) is explained in this paper. Energy and power exchange are implemented with an open-loop control strategy using the PSIM simulation environment, and the system is developed with a hardware prototype using different modes of inverter control, which reduces the average battery current to 27% compared to the conventional case. The driving range of electric vehicles is extended using active power exchange between load and the sources. The dynamics of the ultracapacitor gives a quick response, with battery current shared by the ultracapacitor. As a result, the battery current is reduced, thereby enhancing the driving cycle. With the prototype, the results of the proposed topology are validated.
O ADOLESCENTE AUTOR DE ATO INFRACIONAL
Authors: Tavares Rosana Carneiro , Gomes Sousa Sonia Margarida
Published: April 2019

Este artigo, resultado de pesquisa realizada no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da PUC Goiás, apresenta os significados da desinstitucionalização do adolescente que têm permeado a aplicação das medidas socioeducativas pelos Operadores do Direito. É um estudo qualitativo, referenciado na Teoria Sócio Histórica, de Vigotski, e faz interface entre a psicologia e as políticas públicas para o adolescente. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com duas juízas, dois promotores públicos e uma defensora pública (todos atuando na Vara da Infância e Juventude, do estado do Tocantins). A análise das falas apresenta a execução das medidas socioeducativas pouco sustentada em parâmetros legais e ancorada em modelos personalistas. Os resultados destacam a permanência da lógica da internação/sanção na atenção ao adolescente autor de ato infracional; o não fortalecimento da rede de cuidados e proteção do adolescente; a retirada do poder familiar, por parte do sistema de justiça; e um descrédito na efetividade das medidas em meio aberto. Discute-se a importância da interdisciplinaridade para a efetiva produção de ações socioeducativas e da psicologia crítica, como saber fundamental no diálogo com o sistema de justiça.
A PREPARAÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL E JURÍDICA PARA A ADOÇÃO NO DISTRITO FEDERAL
Authors: Bohm Carlos Henrique , Vasques Campos Niva Maria , Santoucy Luiza Barros , Porto Fernandes Peixoto Andrea De Paula , Coelho de Lima Maíra Cristina , Coutinho da Rocha Paula Freire , Rocha Gurgel Karina Machado
Published: April 2019

A adoção de crianças e adolescentes tem grande relevância na legislação brasileira e na literatura científica. Este artigo apresenta os pressupostos legais do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) para os programas de preparação psicossocial e jurídica para a adoção, o histórico da preparação no Distrito Federal (DF) e os fundamentos psicossociais que norteiam o programa atualmente executado pela Vara da Infância e da Juventude do Distrito Federal (VIJ-DF). O modelo atual da preparação na VIJ-DF consiste em uma palestra, três encontros em grupo e um estudo psicossocial, o qual fornece elementos para elaboração de um relatório conclusivo com recomendações ao magistrado a respeito da aptidão dos requerentes para adotar e, quando necessário, também sugere possíveis encaminhamentos.
Сучасний стан і перспективи розвитку систем кругового огляду для військової техніки
Authors: Senatorov V. , Dovgopolyi A. , Guslyakov Oleh
Published: April 2019

Розглянуто системи кругового огляду військової техніки, що знаходяться на озброєнні ряду країн, та перспективні розробки, які можуть з’явитись на ринку.
FROM SPIRITUALISTIC TOWARD MORE PRAGMATIC PATTERN: RE-ORDERING BALINESE HOUSES AND VIABILITY OF THE HOUSEHOLD TRADITIONS IN TOURISM ECONOMY
Authors: Agung Diasana Putra I Dewa Gede , Lozanovska Mirjana , Fuller Robert
Published: April 2019

The traditional Balinese house, manifested and translated in an agricultural context, has roles to accommodate domestic and socio-cultural activities. Once the house accommodates tourist activities as an additional function, many parts of the house are transformed. The transformation presents a conflict between economic gain and the preservation of Balinese traditions in the house. In order to illustrate this paradoxical phenomenon, this paper first shows how the traditional house has been reconfigured as a response to address the specific challenges of the tourist economy. Then, using architectural examination and interviews, the paper shows that the infiltration of the tourist activities has blurred the house’s configuration so that the transformed house is no longer able to express its original characteristics, hierarchy values and symbolic meaning.
Evolution of HIV-1 Drug Resistance after Virological Failure of First-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Hudson F Parker , Mulenga Lloyd , Westfall Andrew O , Warrier Ranjit , Mweemba Aggrey , Saag Michael S , Stringer Jeffrey SA , Eron Joseph J , Chi Benjamin H
Published: April 2019

Background

HIV viral load (VL) and resistance testing are limited in sub-Saharan Africa, so individuals may have prolonged time on failing first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Our objective was to describe the evolution of drug resistance mutations among adults failing first-line ART in Zambia.

Methods

We analysed data from a trial of VL monitoring in Lusaka, Zambia. From 2006 to 2011, 12 randomized sites provided either routine VL monitoring (intervention) or discretionary (control) after ART initiation. Samples were collected prospectively following the same schedule in each arm but analysed retrospectively in the control group. For those with virological failure (VF; >400 copies/ml), HIV genotyping was performed retrospectively on baseline (BL) and on all subsequent specimens until censored due to study completion, withdrawal or death.

Results

Of 1,973 enrollees, 165 (8.4%) developed VF. 464 genotype results were available including 132 (80%) at BL, 116 (70%) at VF and 125 (76%) had at least one result between VF and censoring. Major nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations increased from 26% (BL) to 82% (VF) to 89% at last genotype (LG). M184 mutations increased from 2% to 59% to 71%; K65R from 2% to 11% to 13%; 2 or more thymidine analogue mutations from 1% to 3% to 12%. Among those on a failing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-based regimen, TDF resistance increased from 42% to 58%.

Conclusions

We found substantial resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs at VF with incremental increases after VF while still on a failing first-line ART; this resistance may compromise attainment of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 goals.
Oviposition observation of Tropidodryas serra (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)
Authors: Muscat Edelcio , Rotenberg Elsie , Machado Iberê Farina
Published: April 2019

Tropidodryas serra is an endemic snake from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and despite its wide distribution, little is known about its ecology. Tropidodryas serra is an oviparous snake, but there are few available data on its  reproductive cycle. In this paper, we present the first report of oviposition of T. serra in captivity with successfully hatching. A pregnant female was captured in the area of Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Dacnis Project, Ubatuba-SP, southeastern Brazil, and held captive. The spawning of 7 eggs and the development of offspring were observed. The eggs (measuring 4x1.35 cm in average) hatched in 90 days, with 6 healthy neonates and 1 stillborn. Based on a unique successful hatching of T. serra eggs in captivity, the present study confirmed with naturalistic data reproductive characteristics of the species, such as egg laying in December and low number of atresic eggs, corroborating that the species should present few reproductive events and concentrated throughout the rainy season.
Corrigendum: Comparison of spallation reaction models based on multiple-criteria decision analysis. https://doi.org/10.3897/nucet.4.31869
Authors: Andrianov Andrey A. , Korovin Yury A. , Kuptsov Ilya S. , Konobeyev Aleksandr Yu. , Andrianova Olga N.
Published: April 2019

Corrigenda: Comparison of spallation reaction models based on multiple-criteria decision analysis. https://doi.org/10.3897/nucet.4.31869
Mycotic pseudoaneurysm of the aortic isthmus secondary to salmonella infection causing a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Aftab Syed Arafat , Swaroop Uppaluri Srinivas Anand
Published: April 2019

Mycotic pseudoaneurysms usually arise from an infectious arteritis or mycotic aneurysms secondary to weakening and destruction of the arterial wall resulting in a contained rupture. We report a case of a mycotic pseudoaneurysm affecting the aortic isthmus of the thoracic aorta which is an extremely rare infection. To our knowledge no case report of mycotic pseudoaneurysm of the aortic isthmus secondary to salmonella infection has thus far been described. The specific case we present is also unique in that it posed a diagnostic imaging dilemma where the initial imaging revealed a periaortic mass which could not be accurately characterized and only on subsequent imaging reveal itself to be a thrombosed mycotic pseudoaneurysm. We hope that our case report highlights to the medical community the high degree of suspicion one should have regarding pseudoaneurysms when dealing with a complex mass intimately related to a vascular structure.
Introduction
Authors: Wisch Barbara
Published: April 2019

.
Archconfraternities and the Arts. Overarching New Themes
Authors: Wisch Barbara
Published: April 2019

Beginning in 1520, select Roman confraternities were elevated by the pope to the new prestigious rank of archconfraternity, empowered to aggregate comparable sodalities worldwide, share spiritual benefits, and elect a cardinal protector for life. Archconfraternities privileged architecture, art, and festive displays to enhance devotion while augmenting their coveted place in the confraternal hierarchy. As esteemed exemplars of lay spirituality and charity, they reinforced Rome as the capital of global Catholicism, creating an integrated web of pious practices, venerated images, and indulgences. Despite their importance, no monographic study exists. Therefore, this essay is a prolegomenon and begins by examining the ways in which Roman archconfraternities served as paradigms. Then it establishes a chronology of the earliest groups and their cardinal protectors, elucidating the protector’s crucial role, his interwoven networks of jurisdiction, and expectations of his generous patronage of the arts.
Confraternities in the Slovenian Lands and their Significance for Baroque Slovenian Literature
Authors: Ogrin Matija
Published: April 2019

Baroque confraternities, like their forebears, were religious in nature and became a source for the many cultural initiatives and needs for literature in Latin as well as in German and the Slovenian language. This essay presents several examples of Slovenian literary texts, printed as well as in manuscript form, which came into existence because of confraternal devotional practices. They cover virtually all the basic literary genres and make up a small literary system with poetry (poems, hymns), prose (sermons, meditations), and drama (Passion plays).
Nuevas citas de plantas vasculares alóctonas en Cataluña (NE de la península ibérica)
Authors: Gómez-Bellver C. , Álvarez H. , Nualart N. , Ibáñez N. , Sáez L. , López-Pujol J.
Published: April 2019

Aportamos citas de cinco plantas alóctonas nuevas para Europa —Commelina erecta, Cylindropuntia fulgida, Dasylirion serratifolium, xGraptosedum y Senecio crassissimus—, dos nuevas para la península ibérica —Lobelia laxiflora subsp. angustifolia y Pennisetum flaccidum— y cuatro nuevas para Cataluña —Dimorphotheca fruticosa, xGasteraloe beguinii, Opuntia elatior y Tradescantia sillamontana—. También presentamos nuevos datos sobre diez plantas poco citadas en Cataluña. En las últimas décadas el cultivo de plantas ornamentales constituye la principal causa de introducción de especies alóctonas a escala mundial, algunas de las cuales son potencialmente invasoras. La mayoría de las plantas que constan en este trabajo son escapadas de cultivos o provienen de vertidos de restos de jardinería. Algunas especies se encuentran localmente naturalizadas y en algún caso podrían presentar un comportamiento invasor.
ST2/MyD88 Deficiency Protects Mice against Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease and Spares Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Griesenauer Brad , Jiang Hua , Yang Jinfeng , Zhang Jilu , Ramadan Abdulraouf M. , Egbosiuba Jane , Campa Khaled , Paczesny Sophie
Published: April 2019

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) hinders the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Plasma levels of soluble membrane-bound ST2 (ST2) are elevated in human and murine aGVHD and correlated to type 1 T cells response. ST2 signals through the adapter protein MyD88. The role of MyD88 in T cells during aGVHD has yet to be elucidated. We found that knocking out MyD88 in the donor T cells protected against aGVHD independent of IL-1R and TLR4 signaling in two murine HCT models. This protection was entirely driven by MyD88−/− CD4 T cells. Transplanting donor MyD88−/− conventional T cells (Tcons) with wild-type (WT) or MyD88−/− regulatory T cells (Tregs) lowered aGVHD severity and mortality. Transcriptome analysis of sorted MyD88−/− CD4 T cells from the intestine 10 d post-HCT showed lower levels of Il1rl1 (gene of ST2), Ifng, Csf2, Stat5, Batf, and Jak2. Transplanting donor ST2−/− Tcons with WT or ST2−/− Tregs showed a similar phenotype with what we observed when using donor MyD88−/− Tcons. Decreased ST2 was confirmed at the protein level with less secretion of soluble ST2 and more expression of ST2 compared with WT T cells. Our data suggest that Treg suppression from lack of MyD88 signaling in donor Tcons during alloreactivity uses the ST2 but not the IL-1R or TLR4 pathways, and ST2 represents a potential aGVHD therapeutic target sparing Tregs.
Malt1 Protease Is Critical in Maintaining Function of Regulatory T Cells and May Be a Therapeutic Target for Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Cheng Liqing , Deng Nan , Yang Naixue , Zhao Xueqiang , Lin Xin
Published: April 2019

The paracaspase Malt1 is a key molecule in mediating Ag receptor–induced NF-κB activation in lymphocytes, but the role of Malt1 in the function of regulatory T (Treg) cells is still unclear. In this article, we reported that specific deletion of Malt1 in Treg cells would lead to Scurfy-like lethal autoimmune disease, which was caused by Treg cell dysfunction but not number loss. Interestingly, Foxp3CreMalt1fl/C472A mice, in which Malt1 protease was specifically inactivated in Treg cells, also displayed spontaneous inflammatory disorders, with severe hair loss and skin hyperplasia. Consistently, Foxp3CreMalt1fl/C472A mice showed enhanced antitumor response because of their decreased function and infiltration of Treg cells, as well as reduced CD8+ T cell exhaustion. Gene expression profiling analysis revealed dysregulated expression pattern of Treg effector genes upon Malt1 deletion or its protease inactivation. Together, our data unraveled a critical role of Malt1, especially its protease activity, in maintaining homeostasis and function of Treg cells.