bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rigorous Modal Analysis of Chiral Nanoparticles
Authors: Cao Zhaolong , Li Jinyang , Deng Shaozhi , Chen Huanjun
Published: July 2023

The physical origins of the chiroptical response from nanostructures are highly demanded for chiral photonics. The chiroptical response of a nanoparticle, whether measured along specific incident directions of exciting waves (when immobilized onto a substrate) or in solution through averaging responses across all structure orientations, is believed to stem from the interplay between three key factors: geometrical chirality, far‐field chirality, and near‐field chirality. This study aims to understand the relationship among these factors using a rigorous quasinormal mode (QNM) expansion method. By decomposing circular dichroism (CD) spectra into individual QNM contributions, it is observed that the chiroptical response with respect to incident directions depends on the extent of field overlapping between the QNM and light. In contrast, the near‐field optical chirality (OC) is determined by the QNMs of the nanoparticle, independent of external excitations. As a proof‐of‐concept, a nanohelix metasurface is proposed that employs lossless gold and exploits the physics of bound states in the continuum to maximize the CD signal.
In Situ Surface Modification Enables High Stability and Optoelectrical Performance for a Self‐powered Photodetector
Authors: Liu Duanwangde , Chen Zhiliang , Huang Zuoxin , Wu Qi , Song Yangguang , Yao Jianfeng , Zhang Hu , Wei Shengyang , Yang Liangpan , Chen Jixue , Shao Wenlong , Chu Lingling , Li Yanhui , Gui Pengbin , Ren Xingang , Zeng Wei , Fang Guojia
Published: July 2023

Perovskite single crystals (SCs) have gained significant interest in various applications owing to their superior optoelectrical and physical characteristics as compared to polycrystalline films. However, a considerable portion of incident light is typically reflected at the surface of perovskite SCs, leading to insufficient light absorption within the crystal bulk, ultimately resulting in reduced performance of SC‐based photodetectors. In the present work, an inverted pyramid‐shaped structure is in situ introduced on the surface of an MAPbBr3 SC during the crystal growth process, which can reduce light reflection in the surface region and enhance light absorption of the SC. Additionally, the hydrophobic small molecule copper (II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) is thermally evaporated onto the SC, forming a CuPc/MAPbBr3 heterojunction for the first time. The CuPc/pyramid‐shaped MAPbBr3 heterojunction‐based photodetector exhibits self‐powered characteristics and superior optoelectrical performance, achieving a photocurrent of greater than 10−5 A (10−7 A), a responsiveness of 257 mA W−1 (8.84 mA W−1), and a detection rate of 2.98 × 1012 Jones (1.02 × 1011 Jones) at −2 V (0 V) bias. Simultaneously, the device demonstrates excellent long‐term stability under high humidity conditions, retaining 90.5% of its initial photocurrent even after 60 days in a 60–80% humidity environment.
Cadmium‐Free Kesterite Thin‐Film Solar Cells with High Efficiency Approaching 12%
Authors: Ahmad Nafees , Zhao Yunhai , Ye Fan , Zhao Jun , Chen Shuo , Zheng Zhuanghao , Fan Ping , Yan Chang , Li Yingfen , Su Zhenghua , Zhang Xianghua , Liang Guangxing
Published: July 2023

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) buffer layer is commonly used in Kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin film solar cells. However, the toxicity of Cadmium (Cd) and perilous waste, which is generated during the deposition process (chemical bath deposition), and the narrow bandgap (≈2.4 eV) of CdS restrict its large‐scale future application. Herein, the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method is proposed to deposit zinc–tin‐oxide (ZTO) as a buffer layer in Ag‐doped CZTSSe solar cells. It is found that the ZTO buffer layer improves the band alignment at the Ag‐CZTSSe/ZTO heterojunction interface. The smaller contact potential difference of the ZTO facilitates the extraction of charge carriers and promotes carrier transport. The better p–n junction quality helps to improve the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF). Meanwhile, the wider bandgap of ZTO assists to transfer more photons to the CZTSSe absorber, and more photocarriers are generated thus improving short‐circuit current density (Jsc). Ultimately, Ag‐CZTSSe/ZTO device with 10 nm thick ZTO layer and 5:1 (Zn:Sn) ratio, Sn/(Sn + Zn): 0.28 deliver a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.8%. As far as it is known that 11.8% is the highest efficiency among Cd‐free kesterite thin film solar cells.
From h‐BN to Graphene: Characterizations of Hybrid Carbon‐Doped h‐BN for Applications in Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Ngamprapawat Supawan , Kawase Jimpei , Nishimura Tomonori , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Nagashio Kosuke
Published: July 2023

Hybrid two‐dimensional materials consisting of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) have drawn significant interest due to their tunable bandgap and electrical properties. Considering their composition‐dependent properties, ohmic current injection and the development of h‐BN‐based optoelectronic and high‐power electronic devices should be achievable by controlling the C concentration. In this study, electrical and optical characterizations of single‐crystal h‐BN synthesized under high‐pressure and high‐temperature (HPHT) are conducted by varying C concentrations via post‐growth diffusion. Low C‐doped h‐BN (h‐BN:C) with ≈0.1 at% C exhibits nonohmic conduction within a voltage range of ±100 V at all temperatures. In contrast, high h‐BN:C (≈10 at% C) containing C domains and graphite/graphene layers shows additional luminescence peaks and initially exhibits nonohmic conduction at 298 K, which then transforms to ohmic conduction after breakdown‐like behavior at 598 K. This phenomenon, observed only in the high h‐BN:C devices, is attributed to the C‐containing conductive path formed on the channel surface through C drift and local dielectric breakdown of h‐BN mother phase, indicating that ohmic conduction itself does not guarantee the current flow in the conduction/valence bands in h‐BN:C. With these findings, the present thorough and fruitful characterizations are beneficial for the development of h‐BN:C‐based devices.
Updated consensus guidelines on the management of Phelan–McDermid syndrome
Authors: Srivastava Siddharth , Sahin Mustafa , Buxbaum Joseph D. , Berry‐Kravis Elizabeth , Soorya Latha Valluripalli , Thurm Audrey , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Asante‐Otoo Afua , Bennett William E. , Betancur Catalina , Brickhouse Tegwyn H. , Passos Bueno Maria Rita , Chopra Maya , Christensen Celanie K. , Cully Jennifer L. , Dies Kira , Friedman Kate , Gummere Brittany , Holder J. Lloyd , Jimenez‐Gomez Andres , Kerins Carolyn A. , Khan Omar , Kohlenberg Teresa , Lacro Ronald V. , Levi Lori A. , Levy Tess , Linnehan Diane , Eva Loth , Moshiree Baharak , Neumeyer Ann , Paul Scott M. , Phelan Katy , Persico Antonio , Rapaport Robert , Rogers Curtis , Saland Jeffrey , Sethuram Swathi , Shapiro Janine , Tarr Phillip I. , White Kerry M. , Wickstrom Jordan , Williams Kent M. , Winrow Dana , Wishart Brian , Kolevzon Alexander
Published: July 2023

Phelan–McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a genetic condition caused by SHANK3 haploinsufficiency and characterized by a wide range of neurodevelopmental and systemic manifestations. The first practice parameters for assessment and monitoring in individuals with PMS were published in 2014; recently, knowledge about PMS has grown significantly based on data from longitudinal phenotyping studies and large‐scale genotype–phenotype investigations. The objective of these updated clinical management guidelines was to: (1) reflect the latest in knowledge in PMS and (2) provide guidance for clinicians, researchers, and the general community. A taskforce was established with clinical experts in PMS and representatives from the parent community. Experts joined subgroups based on their areas of specialty, including genetics, neurology, neurodevelopment, gastroenterology, primary care, physiatry, nephrology, endocrinology, cardiology, gynecology, and dentistry. Taskforce members convened regularly between 2021 and 2022 and produced specialty‐specific guidelines based on iterative feedback and discussion. Taskforce leaders then established consensus within their respective specialty group and harmonized the guidelines. The knowledge gained over the past decade allows for improved guidelines to assess and monitor individuals with PMS. Since there is limited evidence specific to PMS, intervention mostly follows general guidelines for treating individuals with developmental disorders. Significant evidence has been amassed to guide the management of comorbid neuropsychiatric conditions in PMS, albeit mainly from caregiver report and the experience of clinical experts. These updated consensus guidelines on the management of PMS represent an advance for the field and will improve care in the community. Several areas for future research are also highlighted and will contribute to subsequent updates with more refined and specific recommendations as new knowledge accumulates.
Optimization through response surface methodology of 3D printed membrane preparation conditions for use in vanadium redox flow battery: A vanadium/proton selectivity study
Authors: Thiam Baye Gueye , El Magri Anouar , Vaudreuil Sébastien
Published: July 2023

SPEEK membrane applicable in Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) have been 3D printed via Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize conditions for 3D printing membrane. Good membranes characteristics were obtained by manipulating three parameters, namely the printing temperature, the orientation of the printing layer and the sulfonation time. We evaluated the effects of these three variables on the permeability of membranes to protons and vanadium ions. Results have shown that sulfonation is the most significant variable influencing vanadium and proton permeability. The optimal printing conditions were found at 408°C temperature with a horizontal layer orientation, while the best sulfonation is obtained at 6 min. The optimal membrane has an ion exchange capacity of 0.86 mmolg−1, a water uptake ratio of 22%, a VO2+ permeability of 6.1 × 10−8 cm2 min−1, a H+ permeability of 7.0 × 10−6 cm2 min−1, excellent mechanical stability and better H+/VO2+ perm selectivity than conventional sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK), Fap450 and Nafion211 membranes. The above results show that the 3D‐SPEEK membrane has great advantages and broad prospects for VRFB applications.
Enhancement of nuclear radiation shielding properties of silicone rubber with γ‐ray irradiation induced graphene oxide modified carbonyl iron powder hybrid fillers
Authors: Sun Xiaoyi , Meng Xianfang , Dai Pei , Xu Riwei , Cheng Anren , Guo Yueying , Jiao Yang , Lu Yongjun , Wang Liancai
Published: July 2023

In this study the graphene oxide modified carbonyl iron (GO‐CI) was prepared by γ‐ray irradiation, which was added to silicone rubber composites to enhance the nuclear radiation shielding performances. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) characterization result showed the structure and morphology of the obtained GO‐CI nanocomposites. The mixture of GO/CI and the hybrid GO‐CI were individually incorporated into the vinyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (Vi‐PDMS) to prepare referenced SR/GO/CI and SR/GO‐CI composites. Compared with SR/GO/CI, the SR/GO‐CI exhibited better thermal conduction and mechanical recovery properties. Moreover, the γ‐ray radiation shielding ability of SR/GO‐CI is much higher than that of pristine SR/GO/CI. CI particles are coated by GO nanosheets to increase surface area to prevent sedimentation of CI. It implies that SR‐GO/CI composite would have potential application as the radiation hardening material with thermal conductive and nuclear radiation shielding function.
Design, synthesis, and structure–activity studies of new rhodanine derivatives as carbonic anhydrase II, IX inhibitors
Authors: Chinchilli Krishna Kartheek , Akunuri Ravikumar , Ghouse Shaik Mahammad , Soujanya Devandla , Angeli Andrea , Parupalli Ramulu , Arifuddin Mohammed , Yaddanapudi Venkata Madhavi , Supuran Claudiu T. , Nanduri Srinivas
Published: July 2023

Rhodanine and its derivatives are an important class of heterocycles with diverse biological properties, including anticancer, antibacterial, and anti‐mycobacterial activities. In the present work, four series of new Rhodanine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against carbonic anhydrase I, II, IX, and XII isoforms. Interestingly, the tested compounds exhibited good inhibitory activity against the cytosolic isoform human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) II and tumor‐associated hCA IX. While the Rhodanine‐benzylidene derivatives (3a–l) and Rhodanine‐hydrazine derivatives (6a–e) are found to be selective against hCA II, the Rhodanine‐N‐carboxylate derivatives (8a–d) are found to be highly selective toward hCA IX. The Rhodanine‐linked isoxazole and 1,2,4‐oxadiazole derivatives (8ba, 8da, and 8db) exhibited inhibitory activity against hCA II and hCA IX. Among the tested compounds, 3b, 3j, 6d, and 8db were found to inhibit hCA II with Ki values of 9.8, 46.4, 7.7, and 4.7 µM, respectively. Furthermore, their mechanism of action is supported by molecular docking studies. Notably, the synthesized Rhodanine derivatives belong to a nonsulfonamide class of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
Effect of acclimatization rate on biogas production from anaerobic digestion of biodiesel waste products
Authors: Rackliffe Jennifer A. , Ni Ji‐Qin , Mosier Nathan S.
Published: July 2023

Digester acclimatization can improve the efficiency of anaerobic digestion (AD), a potentially sustainable process for generating biogas from the biological decomposition of organic byproducts from biodiesel production. This study examined the impact of acclimatization rate on biogas production and conversion efficiency in laboratory digesters using inocula from a wastewater treatment plant digester and from an agro‐industrial waste digester. The results showed that co‐digestion of crude glycerol and biodiesel wastewater at high organic loading rates, up to 6.8 g chemical oxygen demand (COD) L−1 day−1, is possible without the addition of other substrates or pretreatment. Higher organic loading rates were achieved in the digesters using inocula from the agro‐industrial waste digester than in the digesters using the wastewater treatment plant digester, indicating that an inoculum with similar physical characteristics may be most appropriate for the AD of biodiesel waste. Of the two acclimatization rates studied, the slower rate improved the cumulative biogas production for both inocula. Both inocula also exhibited higher maximum daily efficiencies with a slower rate of acclimatization, up to a maximum average daily biogas yield of 621 mL biogas g−1 COD added. This implied that the rate of acclimatization can impact the ability of the digester to adapt efficiently to a new substrate.
Quality by design tool–evaluated stability‐indicating ultra‐performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of drugs (ritonavir and darunavir) used to treat the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Menda Jyothsna , Kanuparthy Phani Raja , Katari Naresh Kumar , Kowtharapu Leela Prasad , Ettaboina Santhosh Kumar , Pydimarry Surya Prakash Rao
Published: July 2023

Ritonavir and darunavir were examined using a ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) approach in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The small number of analytical studies that are currently available do not demonstrate the method's stability or nature. The study sought to assess both chemicals using a stability‐indicating approach with a relatively short run time. The HSS C18 (100 × 2.1 mm), 2‐mm column was used for the chromatographic separation, and isocratic elution was used to achieve this. In the mobile phase, methanol and 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 4.0) were included in a 60:40 (v/v) ratio. Throughout the analysis, the flow rate was kept at 0.2 mL min−1, and a photodiode array detector set to 266 nm was used to find the major components. The proposed method showed a linear response (r2 > 0.999), and the accuracy was between 98.0% and 102.0%. The precision data showed relative standard deviation ≤1.0%. The UPLC method for quantification of ritonavir and darunavir in pharmaceutical dosage forms using a very short run time of under a minute is the subject of the proposed article. To meet current regulatory criteria, the quality by design idea was used in the method performance verification.
Efficacy and safety analysis of chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy compared with standard chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract malignant tumors
Authors: Zhang Zhengfeng , Wang Dazhen , Yang Liu , Zhao Lu , Yang Lei , Zhang Jianji , Lou Changjie
Published: July 2023

Objective

The treatment of biliary tract (BTC) cancer remains relatively limited, especially in the setting of advanced BTC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown some effects in a variety of solid tumors, but their efficacy and safety in patients with advanced BTC are still elusive, which require in‐depth analysis.

Methods

The clinical information of 129 patients diagnosed with advanced BTC between 2018 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were treated with chemotherapy, while a portion of them (64 patients) were treated with ICIs, the other 64 patients were not. Therefore, we divided the patients into two groups, SC (standard chemotherapy) and CI (chemotherapy in combined with immunotherapy), then we analyzed the benefit of adding ICIs according to efficacy, adverse events, progression‐free survival (PFS), progressive disease (PD), and the influence of various factors and effectiveness.

Results

The mean PFS was 9.67 months for CI group and 6.83 months for SC group. The PFS was prolonged by 2.84 months with ICI addition, and the difference was statistically significant (t = 3.114, 95% CI: 1.06–4.74, p < 0.001). The objective response rate (ORR) was 32.81% (21/64) for the CI group versus 10.77% (7/65) for the SC group, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 79.69% (51/64) versus 67.69% (44/65), respectively. Regression analysis showed that factors such as changes in CA19‐9, the level of PD‐L1 expression, tobacco and alcohol, and the neutrophil–lymphocyte (NLR) ratio all influenced PFS (p < 0.05 for all these factors). For the treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs), the highest grade 3–4 adverse effects were thrombocytopenia in 7.75% (10/129) and neutropenia in 3.1% (4/129), immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) occurred in 32.8% (21/64), and all were grade 1–2.

Conclusions

Our results showed that ICIs combined with chemotherapy exhibited good antitumor activity with acceptable safety and could be recommended as first‐line treatment for patients with advanced BTC.
Esophageal cancer patients’ need for information and support in making a treatment decision between standard surgery and active surveillance
Authors: Hermus Merel , van der Wilk Berend J. , Chang Rebecca , Dekker Jan Willem T. , Coene Peter‐Paul L. O. , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A. P. , Rosman Camiel , Heisterkamp Joos , Hartgrink Henk H. , Timmermans Liesbeth , Wijnhoven Bas P. L. , van der Zijden Charlène J. , van Lanschot Jan J. B. , Busschbach Jan , Lagarde Sjoerd M. , Kranenburg Leonieke W.
Published: July 2023

Background

This study explores patients’ need for information and support in deciding on esophageal cancer treatment, when experimental active surveillance and standard surgery are both feasible.

Methods

This psychological companion study was conducted alongside the Dutch SANO‐trial (Surgery As Needed for Oesophageal cancer). In‐depth interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data from patients who declined participation in the trial because they had a strong preference for either active surveillance (n = 20) or standard surgery (n = 20). Data were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative techniques.

Results

Patients prefer to receive information directly from their doctors and predominantly rely on this information to make a treatment decision. Other information resources are largely used to confirm their treatment decision. Patients highly value support from their loved ones and appreciate emphatic doctors to actively involve them in the decision‐making process. Overall, patients’ needs for information and support during decision‐making were met.

Conclusions

The importance of shared decision‐making and the role doctors have in this process is underlined. The role of doctors is essential at the initial phase of decision‐making: Once patients seem to have formed their treatment preference for either active surveillance or surgery, the influence of external resources (including doctors) may be limited.
Updated COVID‐19 clearance time among patients with cancer in the Delta and Omicron waves
Authors: Avigan Zachary M. , Paredes Rodrigo , Boussi Leora S. , Lam Barbara D. , Shea Meghan E. , Weinstock Matthew J. , Peters Mary Linton B.
Published: July 2023

Background

COVID‐19 infection delays therapy and in‐person evaluation for oncology patients, but clinic clearance criteria are not clearly defined.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of oncology patients with COVID‐19 at a tertiary care center during the Delta and Omicron waves and compared clearance strategies.

Results

Median clearance by two consecutive negative tests was 32.0 days (Interquartile Range [IQR] 22.0–42.5, n = 153) and was prolonged in hematologic malignancy versus solid tumors (35.0 days for hematologic malignancy, 27.5 days for solid tumors, p = 0.01) and in patients receiving B‐cell depletion versus other therapies. Median clearance by single negative test was reduced to 23.0 days (IQR 16.0–33.0), with recurrent positive rate 25.4% in hematologic malignancy versus 10.6% in solid tumors (p = 0.02). Clearance by a predefined waiting period required 41 days until an 80% negative rate.

Conclusions

COVID‐19 clearance remains prolonged in oncology patients. Single‐negative test clearance can balance delays in care with risk of infection in patients with solid tumors.
Ameliorative Effect of Malvidin on Spleen Injury in LPS‐Induced Sepsis
Authors: Shi Jinfeng , Wang Yan , Zhang Xiao , Fan Hui , Wang Hanyu , Li Xueqing , Xu Baoshi , Qiang Jingchao , Pan Enzhuang , Chu Mingyi , Dong Jingquan , Dong Zibo
Published: July 2023

Sepsis, one of the most destructive diseases in the world, is a syndrome of systemic inflammatory response caused by the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria into the body. Malvidin is one of the most widespread anthocyanins, and its significant antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities have been widely reported. However, the effect of Malvidin on sepsis and related complications is still unclear. The present study aimed to determine the mechanisms of Malvidin's potential protection from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced spleen injury model of sepsis. In the LPS‐induced mouse spleen injury model of sepsis, pretreatment with Malvidin was performed to assess morphological damage in spleen tissue and to detect the expression of mRNA levels of serum necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β and interleukin 6, and IL‐10. Apoptosis was detected using the TUNEL technique, and the levels of oxidative stress‐related oxidase and antioxidant enzymes were measured by kit to assess the effect of Malvidin on inflammation and oxidative stress associated with septic spleen injury. The results of this study indicated that Malvidin was be a potentially effective drug for the treatment of sepsis.
Metabolomics Profiling of Tunisian Sonchus oleraceus L. Extracts and Their Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Nouidha Sameh , Selmi Salima , Guigonis Jean‐Marie , Pourcher Thierry , Chekir‐Ghedira Leila , Kilani‐Jaziri Soumaya
Published: July 2023

Sonchus oleraceus (L.) L. (Asteraceae) is an edible wild plant, known for its uses in traditional medicine. The aim of this study is to explore the phytochemical composition of the aerial parts (AP) and roots (R) of aqueous extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. growing in Tunisia, using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry(LC/MS/MS), and determine the content of polyphenols and antioxidant activities. Results showed that aqueous extracts of AP and R contained, respectively, 195.25±33 μg/g and 118.66±14 μg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE), and 52.58±7 μg/g and 3.2±0.3μg/g quercetin equivalent. AP and R extracts also contained tannins, 581.78±33 μg/g and 948.44±19 μg/g GAE. The AP extract in the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activities, hydroxyl radical scavenging (OH−) and in cupric reducing antioxidant activity (CUPRAC) assays were respectively 0.325±0.036 mg/mL, 0.053±0.018 mg/mL, 0.696±0.031 mg/mL and 60.94±0.004 μMTE/g, while the R extract using the same assays showed, 0.209±0.052 mg/mL, 0.034±0.002 mg/mL, 0.444±0.014 mg/mL and 50.63±0.006 μM Trolox equivalent/g, respectively. A total of 68 compounds were tentatively identified by LC/MS/MS in both extracts in which quinic acid, pyrogallol, osthrutin, piperine, gentisic acid, fisetin, luteolin, caffeic acid, gingerol, were the most abundant in the LC/MS/MS spectrum. Many of these metabolites were found for the first time in Tunisian Sonchus oleraceus L. which may take account for the antioxidant activities exhibited by the plant.
Application of a Synthetic Ferredoxin‐Inspired [4Fe4S]‐Peptide Maquette as the Redox Partner for an [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase
Authors: Bombana Andrea , Shanmugam Muralidharan , Collison David , Kibler Alexander J. , Newton Graham N. , Jäger Christof M. , Croft Anna K. , Morra Simone , Mitchell Nicholas J.
Published: July 2023

‘Bacterial‐type’ ferredoxins host a cubane [4Fe4S]2+/+ cluster that enables these proteins to mediate electron transfer and facilitate a broad range of biological processes. Peptide maquettes based on the conserved cluster‐forming motif have previously been reported and used to model the ferredoxins. Herein we explore the integration of a [4Fe4S]‐peptide maquette into a H2‐powered electron transport chain. While routinely formed under anaerobic conditions, we illustrate by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis that these maquettes can be reconstituted under aerobic conditions by using photoactivated NADH to reduce the cluster at 240 K. Attempts to tune the redox properties of the iron‐sulfur cluster by introducing an Fe‐coordinating selenocysteine residue were also explored. To demonstrate the integration of these artificial metalloproteins into a semi‐synthetic electron transport chain, we utilize a ferredoxin‐inspired [4Fe4S]‐peptide maquette as the redox partner in the hydrogenase‐mediated oxidation of H2.
Simultaneous diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer and systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Brown Kevin F. , Bloomer Zachary W. , Shakir Mohamed K. M. , Cognetti Matthew J. , Muir Jeannie M. , Hoang Thanh D.
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical Message

When managing patients with differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) and lytic bone lesions, physicians should consider etiologies other than DTC bony metastases when there is no biochemical and functional radiographic evidence of extensive DTC burden.

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a clonal expansion of mast cells associated with an increased risk of solid malignancies. There is no known association between systemic mastocytosis and thyroid cancer. We report a young woman who presented with cervical lymphadenopathy, palpable thyroid nodule, and lytic bone lesions who was diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The patient's post‐surgical thyroglobulin was lower than expected for metastatic thyroid cancer, and the lytic bone lesions did not demonstrate uptake of I123. Upon further evaluation, the patient was found to have SM. We report a case of co‐occurrence of PTC and SM.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as acute rescue therapy for negative pressure pulmonary edema in the post anesthesia care unit: A case report
Authors: Augustin Katrina J. , Creel‐Bulos Christina M. , Budhrani Gaurav F. , Miller Casey F. , Fiza Babar
Published: July 2023

Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) may result in respiratory failure refractory to conventional management strategies. Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) can serve as a rescue therapy in cases of severe respiratory failure. Rapid initiation of VV ECMO can decrease morbidity and mortality while facilitating early liberation from mechanical ventilation and promoting early rehabilitation. We describe the successful utilization of VV ECMO as rescue therapy for severe NPPE‐induced hypoxic respiratory failure and peri‐arrest state in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) in a patient with postextubation airway obstruction after undergoing patellar tendon repair.
Patterns of aeroallergen sensitization in asthma patients identified by latent class analysis: A cross‐sectional study in China
Authors: Zhang Jiale , Luo Wenting , Li Guoping , Ren Huali , Su Jie , Sun Jianxin , Zhong Ruifen , Wang Siqin , Li Zhen'an , Zhao Yan , Ke Huashou , Chen Ting , Xv Chun , Chang Zhenglin , Wu Liting , Zheng Xianhui , Xv Miaoyuan , Ye Qingyuan , Hao Chuangli , Sun Baoqing
Published: July 2023

Background

This cross‐sectional study aimed to identify latent sensitization profiles of asthma patients in mainland China, unveiling the association between regional differences and sensitization patterns.

Methods

1056 asthma participants from 10 medical centers divided into eastern and western cohorts were clustered into four individual sensitization patterns, respectively, by using an unsupervised statistical modeling method, latent class analysis (LCA), based on the levels of 12 aeroallergens specific IgE reactivities. Moreover, differences in clinical characteristics and environmental exposures were compared in different sensitization patterns.

Results

Four distinct sensitization patterns in the two cohorts were defined as follows, respectively. Eastern cohort: Class 1: “High weed pollen and house dust mites (HDMs) sensitization” (8.87%), Class 2: “HDMs dominated sensitization” (38.38%), Class 3: “High HDMs and animal dander sensitization” (6.95%), Class 4: “Low/no aeroallergen sensitization” (45.80%). Western cohort: Class 1: “High weed pollen sensitization” (26.14%), Class 2: “High multi‐pollen sensitization” (15.02%), Class 3: “HDMs‐dominated sensitization” (10.33%), Class 4: “Low/no aeroallergen sensitization” (48.51%). Of note, the significant statistical difference in age, asthma control test score (ACT) and comorbidities were observed within or between different sensitization patterns. Exposure factors in different sensitization patterns were pointed out.

Conclusions

Asthmatic patients with distinct sensitization patterns were clustered and identified through the LCA method, disclosing the relationship between sensitization profiles of multiple aeroallergens and geographical differences, providing novel insights and potential strategies for atopic disease monitoring, management and prevention in clinical practice.
Fine‐grained assured insertion and deletion scheme based on onion encryption in cloud storage
Authors: Tian Junfeng , Tian Naxi
Published: July 2023

With the current explosion of data volume and the rapid development of cloud computing, cloud storage is one of the most important services of cloud computing. It greatly reduces the cost of users and improves the convenience of use, but the separation of data control and ownership has led to a series of security problems. This article proposes a fine‐grained assured deletion scheme based on onion encryption (ADOE) to ensure the security of user data and achieve assured deletion of data. In the past, the solution was limited by the credibility of the third party, and due to the limitation of the administrator's computing power, there would be a window period for processing high concurrency. In this article, the third party is abandoned, and most of the work is handed over to the CSP. Through multilayer encryption of data and role‐based access control, flexible and fine‐grained access and deletion are realized. At the same time, with this scheme, Merkle hash tree (MHT) is improved, and a new data verification structure Merkle index hash tree (MIHT) is designed to quickly retrieve data blocks and provide deletion proof. Finally, through experimental comparison and theoretical demonstration, it is proved that ADOE is a safe, efficient, and usable solution.
6‐Endo‐dig versus 5‐exo‐dig: Exploring Radical Cyclization Preference with First‐, Second‐, and Third‐row Linkers using High‐level Quantum Chemical Methods
Authors: Baroudi Abdulkader , Jaradat Khaled , Karton Amir
Published: July 2023

As an expansion upon Baldwin rules, the cyclization reactions of hex‐5‐yn‐1‐yl radical systems with different first‐, second‐, and third‐row linkers are explored at the CCSD(T) level via means of the SMD(benzene)‐G4(MP2) thermochemical protocol. Unlike C, O, and N linkers, systems with B, Si, P, S, Ge, As, and Se linkers are shown to favor 6‐endo‐dig cyclization. This offers fundamental insights into the rational synthetic design of cyclic compounds. A thorough analysis of stereoelectronic effects, cyclization barriers, and intrinsic barriers illustrates that structural changes alter the cyclization preference by mainly impacting 5‐exo‐dig reaction barriers. Based on the high‐level computational modeling, we proceed to develop a new tool for cyclization preference prediction from the correlation between cyclization barriers and radical structural parameters (e. g., linker bond length and bond angle). A strong correlation is found between the radical attack trajectory angle and the reaction barrier heights, i. e., cyclization preference. Finally, the influence of stereoelectronic effects on the two radical cyclization pathways is further investigated in stereoisomers of hypervalent silicon system, which provides novel insight into cyclization control.
NiFe‐Coordination Polymers‐Derived Layered Double Hydroxides as Bifunctional Materials: Effect of the Ni : Fe Ratio on the Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Kumar Trivender , Devi Bandhana , Halder Aditi , Koner Rik Rani
Published: July 2023

The development of an efficient and cost‐effective material is highly desirable for electrochemical devices such as electrolyzers and supercapacitors. Especially, pseudomorphic transformations of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs)/coordination polymers (CPs) into layered double hydroxides (LDHs) materials endow well‐defined porosities, high surface area, exchangeable interlayer anions and easily adjustable electronic structure that are truly required for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and high‐performance supercapacitor applications. Herein, we have prepared NiFe‐LDHs of various Ni/Fe ratios via a facile room‐temperature alkaline hydrolysis of NiFe‐CPs precursors. Electrochemical studies reveal that the catalyst having high amount of Fe (Ni1.2Fe1‐LDH) showed the better OER activity with a low Tafel slope (65 mV dec−1) in 1 M KOH. On the other hand, the catalyst containing higher amount of Ni with better layered structure (Ni11.7Fe1‐LDH) showed high performance for supercapacitor (702 F g−1 at 0.25 A g−1) in 3 M KOH. Moreover, a solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor device Ni11.7Fe1‐LDH/AC was fabricated which exhibited a specific capacitance of 18 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. The device displayed high cycling stability with 88% of capacitance retention after 7000 cycles. The experimental findings in this work will help in the futuristic development of NiFe‐LDH based electrocatalysts for the enhanced electrochemical performances.
Six Years of the US Food and Drug Administration's Postmarket Active Risk Identification and Analysis System in the Sentinel Initiative: Implications for Real World Evidence Generation
Authors: Maro Judith C. , Nguyen Michael D. , Kolonoski Joy , Schoeplein Ryan , Huang Ting‐Ying , Dutcher Sarah K. , Dal Pan Gerald J. , Ball Robert
Published: July 2023

Congress mandated the creation of a postmarket Active Risk Identification and Analysis (ARIA) system containing data on 100 million individuals for monitoring risks associated with drug and biologic products using data from disparate sources to complement the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) existing postmarket capabilities. We report on the first 6 years of ARIA utilization in the Sentinel System (2016–2021). The FDA has used the ARIA system to evaluate 133 safety concerns; 54 of these evaluations have closed with regulatory determinations, whereas the rest remain in progress. If the ARIA system and the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System are deemed insufficient to address a safety concern, then the FDA may issue a postmarket requirement to a product's manufacturer. One hundred ninety‐seven ARIA insufficiency determinations have been made. The most common situation for which ARIA was found to be insufficient is the evaluation of adverse pregnancy and fetal outcomes following in utero drug exposure, followed by neoplasms and death. ARIA was most likely to be sufficient for thromboembolic events, which have high positive predictive value in claims data alone and do not require supplemental clinical data. The lessons learned from this experience illustrate the continued challenges using administrative claims data, especially to define novel clinical outcomes. This analysis can help to identify where more granular clinical data are needed to fill gaps to improve the use of real‐world data for drug safety analyses and provide insights into what is needed to efficiently generate high‐quality real‐world evidence for efficacy.
The more the better? Service transition for shaping sustainable development in manufacturing firms and the role of top management team attributes
Authors: Huang Hai , Hao Shengbin , Chen Yu
Published: July 2023

An increasing number of manufacturing firms are actively embracing service transition in pursuit of sustainable competitive advantage. However, the relationship between service transition and sustainability performance (SP) remains unclear. Drawing on resource‐based theory and resource orchestration theory, this study investigates the impact of service transition (i.e., product‐related and product‐unrelated service transition) on SP and examines the moderating role of the top management team (TMT) attributes (i.e., stability and faultlines). We conduct OLS and 2SLS analyses using a unique longitudinal dataset from 522 listed Chinese manufacturing firms. Empirical evidence indicates that the two dimensions of service transition have distinct effects on SP. Product‐related service transition positively impacts SP, whereas product‐unrelated service transition shows an inverted U‐shaped relationship with SP. In addition, TMT stability strengthens the impact of product‐related service transition on SP, whereas TMT faultlines flatten the inverted U‐shaped relationship between product‐unrelated service transition and SP. This study addresses the research inconsistency concerning the implications of service transition on SP by elucidating the heterogeneous effects of different types of service transition on SP and the boundary role of TMT attributes. These findings also help firms revisit their service strategies and their TMT membership structure to enhance sustainability practices.
A 23–29.5 GHz three‐stage mm‐wave GaN power amplifier using arbitrary two‐port complex‐impedance matching method
Authors: Zhao Zi‐Ming , Zhu Xiao‐Wei , Xia Jing , Liu Rui‐Jia , Dong Qin , Chen Peng , Zhang Lei , Jiang Xin , Yu Chao , Hong Wei
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a broadband monolithic millimeter‐wave integrated circuit GaN power amplifier (PA) with arbitrary two‐port complex‐impedance matching method. The proposed matching topology has been applied to interstage matching network design by modifying traditional coupling matrix and synthesizing a desired network. The optimum load traction technique is introduced to provide some more suitable Zopts. After continuous‐wave test, the three‐stage MMIC PA achieves a peak PAE of 39.1% with a 34.9 dBm output power from 23 to 29.5 GHz and the measured S21 is 32.5 dB with a ±2.5 dB gain variation. When driven by a 400 MHz OFDM modulation signal with a PAPR of 8.5 dB, the measured ACPR is improved to −40.6/−40.7 dBc with DPD. In this case, the PA achieves an average PAE of 11.7% and a 26.7 dBm average output power.
A digitally controlled switched‐ring oscillator‐based time domain multiply‐and‐accumulate core for machine learning
Authors: Du Kevin , Abdelaziz Ahmed , Musah Tawfiq
Published: July 2023

This article presents a time domain multiply‐and‐accumulate (MAC) engine used for convolutional neural networks. Time domain is chosen for efficiency as it allows for compact representation of multi‐bit inputs on a single wire. This reduces gate count and switching capacitance (Cdyn) compared to traditional all‐digital implementation. The inputs are encoded by selecting a pulse of varying width depending on input code. The multiplication operation and accumulation is implemented using a digitally controlled switched‐ring oscillator time‐to‐digital converter functioning as a time accumulator. The digital control allows for accumulation and quantization of two signals simultaneously, halving the required time to quantize a certain value. The proposed MAC is designed in a 28 nm CMOS process and can achieve a simulated power efficiency of 0.32 pJ/b, which is 1.8
better than what can be achieved by a single input gated ring oscillator (GRO) design.
Energy‐efficient data transmissions in heterogeneous ultra‐dense networks using a hybrid metaheuristic optimization
Authors: V Varsha. , Prakash S. P. Shiva , Krinkin Kirill
Published: July 2023

The heterogeneous ultra‐dense network (UDN) is a complex network environment where the small cells (SCs) are densely populated to acquire data transmission. The UDN is mainly adopted to deal with the explosive growth of mobile data and its consequential energy consumption issues. The UDN consists of mobile users, restricting the SCs from offering seamless services as the movement may disrupt the transmissions. To provide an effective solution, this paper introduces an energy‐efficient framework that enables effective data transmissions irrespective of the users' mobility. The proposed model considers the clustered SC deployment where the four‐tiered architecture is adopted. The architecture includes a macro base station (BS), microcells, picocells, and femtocells. The SCs are responsible for transferring the data received from the mobile users to the macro BS. The proposed model introduces the hybrid algorithm called the firefly oriented multiverse optimization (FF‐MVO) algorithm to identify the most optimal path for data transmission. This algorithm works iteratively to identify the optimal path to reach the macro BS for each transmission from the user. The proposed model is simulated in the network simulator 3 (NS3) platform, and the results are evaluated with the existing models. The outcomes proved that the proposed algorithm is more optimal than the other models in finding the optimal path to result in energy‐efficient transmissions. The proposed method achieved an average energy consumption of 0.24 J, an average energy efficiency of 10.965 bits/s/J and an average network throughput of 33.907 Gbps.
Identifying important individual‐ and country‐level predictors of conspiracy theorizing: A machine learning analysis
Authors: Douglas Karen M. , Sutton Robbie M. , Van Lissa Caspar J. , Stroebe Wolfgang , Kreienkamp Jannis , Agostini Maximilian , Bélanger Jocelyn J. , Gützkow Ben , Abakoumkin Georgios , Khaiyom Jamilah Hanum Abdul , Ahmedi Vjollca , Akkas Handan , Almenara Carlos A. , Atta Mohsin , Bagci Sabahat Cigdem , Basel Sima , Berisha Kida Edona , Bernardo Allan B. I. , Buttrick Nicholas R. , Chobthamkit Phatthanakit , Choi Hoon‐Seok , Cristea Mioara , Csaba Sára , Damnjanovic Kaja , Danyliuk Ivan , Dash Arobindu , Di Santo Daniela , Enea Violeta , Faller Daiane Gracieli , Fitzsimons Gavan , Gheorghiu Alexandra , Gómez Ángel , Hamaidia Ali , Han Qing , Helmy Mai , Hudiyana Joevarian , Jeronimus Bertus F. , Yu Jiang Ding‐ , Jovanović Veljko , Kamenov Željka , Kende Anna , Keng Shian‐Ling , Kieu Tra Thi Thanh , Koc Yasin , Kovyazina Kamila , Kozytska Inna , Krause Joshua , Kruglanski Arie W. , Kurapov Anton , Kutlaca Maja , Lantos Nóra Anna , Lemay Edward P. , Lesmana Cokorda Bagus Jaya , Louis Winnifred R. , Lueders Adrian , Malik Najma Iqbal , Martinez Anton , McCabe Kira O. , Mehulić Jasmina , Milla Mirra Noor , Mohammed Idris , Molinario Erica , Moyano Manuel , Muhammad Hayat , Mula Silvana , Muluk Hamdi , Myroniuk Solomiia , Najafi Reza , Nisa Claudia F. , Nyúl Boglárka , O'Keefe Paul A. , Olivas Osuna Jose Javier , Osin Evgeny N. , Park Joonha , Pica Gennaro , Pierro Antonio , Rees Jonas , Reitsema Anne Margit , Resta Elena , Rullo Marika , Ryan Michelle K. , Samekin Adil , Santtila Pekka , Sasin Edyta , Schumpe Birga M. , Selim Heyla A. , Stanton Michael Vicente , Sultana Samiah , Tseliou Eleftheria , Utsugi Akira , van Breen Jolien Anne , Van Veen Kees , vanDellen Michelle R. , Vázquez Alexandra , Wollast Robin , Yeung Victoria Wai‐Lan , Zand Somayeh , Žeželj Iris L. , Zheng Bang , Zick Andreas , Zúñiga Claudia , Leander N. Pontus
Published: July 2023

Psychological research on the predictors of conspiracy theorizing—explaining important social and political events or circumstances as secret plots by malevolent groups—has flourished in recent years. However, research has typically examined only a small number of predictors in one, or a small number of, national contexts. Such approaches make it difficult to examine the relative importance of predictors, and risk overlooking some potentially relevant variables altogether. To overcome this limitation, the present study used machine learning to rank‐order the importance of 115 individual‐ and country‐level variables in predicting conspiracy theorizing. Data were collected from 56,072 respondents across 28 countries during the early weeks of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Echoing previous findings, important predictors at the individual level included societal discontent, paranoia, and personal struggle. Contrary to prior research, important country‐level predictors included indicators of political stability and effective government COVID response, which suggests that conspiracy theorizing may thrive in relatively well‐functioning democracies.
Downregulation of circular RNA hsa_circ_0087856 sensitizes bladder cancer cells to cisplatin through targeting miR‐1184/CITED2 signaling
Authors: Ju Min , Wu Weiwei , Qu Jingkun , Sun Yang , Li Jun
Published: July 2023

CircRNAs are considered as one of the potential therapeutic targets of multiple cancers. According to accumulating evidence, circRNA regulates cancer progression by acting as a miRNA sponge. In the current work, our data discovered that hsa_circ_0087856 and CITED2 expression was increased, while miR‐1184 expression was decreased in BC cell lines and tissues. Hsa_circ_0087856 expression negatively correlated with miR‐1184, whereas positively correlated with CITED2. Hsa_circ_0087856 silencing suppressed BC tumor growth, and contributed to the inhibition of cisplatin to tumor growth. In cellular experiments, hsa_circ_0087856 increasing promoted BC cells proliferation, migration and invasion, and inhibited the cells apoptosis. Hsa_circ_0087856 increasing partly reversed the inhibition of cisplatin to BC cell proliferation and the promotion to cell apoptosis. Oppositely, hsa_circ_0087856 silencing could increase the sensitivity of BC cells to cisplatin. Hsa_circ_0087856 promoted CITED2 expression through binding with miR‐1184 and inhibiting its expression. CITED2 increasing partly reversed the promotion of hsa_circ_0087856 silencing to cisplatin‐induced BC cells apoptosis promotion and proliferation suppression. Overall, our results revealed the role of hsa_circ_0087856 that downregulation its expression could enhance the BC cells sensitivity to cisplatin by facilitating CITED expression via sponging miR‐1184. Moreover, our research provided a potential therapeutic target for BC.