bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leveling the Playing Field: The Efficacy of Thinking Maps on English Language Learner Students’ Writing
Authors: Cooks Jamal , Sunseri Anita
Published: October 2024

Many students, especially English language learners (ELLs), struggle with writing expository texts. This study examined the impact of several writing strategies on ELLs’ writing skills, including prewriting strategies and scaffolding strategies inherent in the Thinking Maps (TM) program. The purpose of the study was to see if ELLs were able to use these strategies to express their ideas more effectively in compositions in a more organized way. The participants were 8 students in grades 3 through 5 in the South Bay School District. The students were participating in an after-school writing class 2 days a week for 6 months. As a result, the overall average of students’ writing scores in the areas of “Ideas” and “Organization” increased. While the overall averages were below the proficiency level (3.0), these writing strategies can be seen as having a positive impact on ELLs’ writing skills.
The Interaction of Theory, Philosophy, and Practice in ESL Writing Conferences
Authors: Eckstein Grant
Published: October 2024

TESOL theory is intended to inform teacher practice, but studying what teachers actually do in a given teaching context can sometimes lead to better theory. This report illustrates an area in which practice informed theory in the context of 1-on1 writing conferences for prematriculated ESL writers. This report describes the creation and implementation of a writing conference program for 250 prematriculated students at an Intensive English Program (IEP) with language proficiencies ranging from high-beginning to low-advanced. The theory-driven philosophy of conferencing encouraged teachers to meet 1-on-1 with their writing students 5 times during a semester to provide holistic, nondirective, level-appropriate feedback on student writing and to de-emphasize grammar instruction in these interactions. While teachers largely followed this philosophical direction, they also made modifications that were not entirely expected. Specifically, teacher practice deviated from conferencing philosophy in terms of the purposes of conferences, the role of grammar feedback, and the use of reflective practices to shape classroom instruction. Confronting these unexpected areas of teacher practice to learn from them rather than remove them allowed the writing conference program to thrive. It also pointed to areas where the writing conference philosophy, and its theoretical underpinnings, could be reevaluated to become more descriptive and inclusive of actual practice. This report also provides insights other theorists and practitioners may find valuable in establishing their own writing conference programs.
Professionalism Prevails in Adult Education ESL Classrooms
Authors: Brown Megan C. , Bywater Kathleen
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this report is to explore the issue of professionalism of adult education ESL educators and uncover any inequities. The arc of this exploration describes the history of adult education, the current state of adult education ESL professionals, and the direction in which ESL adult educators appear to be heading. The results illustrate a positive trajectory of continued growth in training. Additionally, this article identifies challenges, such as part-time teacher status, and successes, such as a highly educated workforce, throughout the field.
Article Errors and Article Choices
Authors: Master Peter
Published: October 2024

Many writing teachers desire to know which article errors need to be corrected because they are unacceptable in all circumstances (and which may prejudice the reader against the writing), and which “errors” reflect a choice that the speaker or writer has made that must be incorporated into the meaning of the utterance. This article describes the available choices in different categories, discusses the perception of those choices by teachers as editors, and presents a possible explanation of certain erroneous choices based on an analysis of the lexical choices made.
A Brief History of CALL Theory
Authors: Hanson-Smith Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

During the past 10 years, computer-using teachers have applied ingenuity and creativity in using devices and software made for nonpedagogical applications, often by nonteachers. During this compressed time period, the history of CALL pedagogy has replicated the 50-year history of development in TESOL theory and practice. Technology-using teachers today are leading the way in innovative teaching ideas, the exploration of culture and language, the inclusion of special needs learners, the promotion of student autonomy, and anywhere-anytime learning. This brief history of CALL theory also includes an indication of possible future trends and issues.
Attitudes and Opinions About Computers and Computer Games, Inside and Outside the Classroom
Authors: Cortese Antonella
Published: October 2024

This article reports on a pilot study investigating the attitudes of elementary school students toward computers on a personal (pleasure) and academic (school-related) level. A Computer Use and Attitude Survey was administered to 25 boys and 24 girls attending an after-school program in different communities. (Pseudonyms have been used by the researcher for parents, students, and for place names.) Results illustrate that elementary school students, and girls in particular, have a positive attitude toward computers.
Working With Generation 1.5 Students and Their Teachers: ESL Meets Composition
Authors: Goen Sugie , Porter Patricia , Swanson Deborah , VanDommelen Deborah
Published: October 2024

This article describes a research project conducted at San Francisco State University on “Generation 1.5” learners and their teachers. In addition to providing a detailed description of who these learners are, this article warns of the pervasive likelihood of these students falling somewhere between the traditional institutional tracks of “native speaker” Composition and ESL, neither of which appropriately meets their educational needs. The article describes efforts at SFSU to mitigate this dangerous trend by bringing together faculty from Composition and ESL to explore some of the tendencies, preconceptions, and assumptions that inform the ways ESL and Composition program faculty respond to the writing of Generation 1.5 students. The article concludes by identifying a number of successful instructional principles and practices for working with this population of students, and considers the effects on teacher training and institutional policy should such practices be implemented.
Communication Strategies for Generation 1.5 Students in the Vocational Area
Authors: Noji Frank
Published: October 2024

This paper discusses the strategies used to develop a “professional register” in three Generation 1.5 students at Kapi’olani Community College in Hawaii who were having difficulty with the practicum, or clinical which was required for the AS degree in the Allied Health field. These three students were referred to the ESOL instructor by their department chairs. The ESOL instructor agreed to work with these three students for a semester. The instructor had five goals: (1) to convince the students of the need for developing a professional register; (2) to develop appropriate pronunciation; (3) to develop appropriate discourse; (4) to train the students to use a rehearsal technique; (5) to encourage the students to listen for and recognize discourse patterns used in their professions. This paper describes how the instructor attempted to attain these goals.
Lexical Issues in the University ESL Writing Class
Authors: Lowry Mary
Published: October 2024

Th is article addresses the important connections between lexical knowledge and second language writing. Based on a review of the literature, it enumerates the eff ects of limited lexical knowledge on student writing and presents evidence that immigrant students in college and university ESL writing programs are in particular need of strategies and tools for increasing their knowledge of vocabulary. In addition to outlining relevant goals for ESL lexical study, the author suggests a range of useful activities such as the use of learners’ dictionaries and lexical journals, the integration of grammar and vocabulary study, and ways in which lexical issues can be foregrounded throughout the various stages of the writing process.
Promosi Kesehatan Tentang Hipertensi Kehamilan dan Faktor Penyebabnya Pada Kelompok Ibu Hamil di Desa Aek Haruya
Authors: Harahap Riska Yanti , Dewi Wulan Sundari  , Zelly Okta Taren
Published: October 2024

Hipertensi adalah peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik di atas nilai normal. Di Indonesia, prevalensi hipertensi berkisar antara 34,1% hingga 55,2% berdasarkan pengukuran penduduk dari usia muda hingga lanjut usia, Penyebab tekanan darah tinggi antara lain hipertensi primer dan hipertensi sekunder. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko hipertensi yang terjadi pada masyarakat Desa Aku Halaya Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara  Kecamatan Portibi pada tahun 2024.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis dan pendekatan cross sectional pada ibu hamil. responden dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan total 64 responden berada pada kelompok usia 18 tahun ke atas.Uji statistik untuk menganalisis data survei ini menggunakan metode chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara ibu hamil, umur (P value = 0,005), riwayat merokok (P value = 0,014), indeks massa tubuh (BMI) (P value = 0,004) dengan kejadian hipertensi.sedang tampil. Diharapkan masyarakat berhenti merokok dan menurunkan berat badan akan mengurangi kejadian tekanan darah tinggi  dan meningkatkan standar pelayanan kesehatan diri.
Contexto de gestantes HIV positivo na região amazônica: revisão literatura
Authors: Maranhão Ednaldo Pereira , Matos Rodrigo Ruan Costa de , Carvalho Junior Antenor Matos de
Published: October 2024

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Commonwealth Caribbean Cities, Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience: Empowering Local Government
Authors: Mycoo Michelle
Published: October 2024

Cities of Small Island Developing States face unprecedented challenges in climate change adaptation with local governments in these territories being increasingly called upon to respond to related natural hazards and deploy resources for planning, preparedness, emergency efforts and post-recovery initiatives in their communities. So far, very little research has been conducted on the paramount role and capacity of local governments in Commonwealth Caribbean Small Island Developing States to undertake climate change adaptation in an urban context and as an integral pathway to disaster-resilient development. This study investigates local government’s role in responding to climate change adaptation and the challenges it faces in performing this function in Commonwealth Caribbean cities. The research distilled the inputs of mayors and local government experts using interviews and drawing from their inputs at a stakeholder workshop. The study’s findings indicate that local governments within the region face many barriers to execute climate change adaptation initiatives. The paper suggests an array of credible policy measures and action that may be undertaken to empower Commonwealth Caribbean local governments in implementing climate change adaptation to enhance climate resilience within local communities, including central government’s role as an enabler.
Review: Decentralised governance: crafting effective democracies around the world edited by Jean-Paul Faguet and Sarmistha Pal
Authors: Sansom Graham
Published: October 2024

The premise for this book is that for more than six decades decentralisation has been one of the most powerful reform movements across the world, and that – under the right conditions – decentralised systems produce more effective public services and are more democratic. However, despite the breadth and depth of the book’s analysis, this reviewer emerged little wiser about precisely what those ‘right conditions’ might be, and wondering how often decentralisation of some sort is the ‘right’ idea in the first place.
Advances in Plant Nutrition: Enhancing Crop Yield and Quality
Authors:   Department of Agronomy,	Faculty	of Agriculture,	Annamalai University, Chidambaram -608002- Tamilnadu-India, Anbarasan S. , Ramesh S. ,   Department of Agronomy,	Faculty	of Agriculture,	Annamalai University, Chidambaram -608002- Tamilnadu-India
Published: October 2024

Ensuring optimal plant nutrition is fundamental for maximizing crop yield and quality, which are critical for food security and agricultural sustainability. This review explores recent advancements in plant nutrition, encompassing innovative fertilization strategies, the development of nutrient-efficient crop varieties, and the application of biotechnology to enhance nutrient uptake and utilization. Emphasis is placed on the role of micronutrients, the integration of soil health management, and the implications of plant-microbe interactions. Furthermore, we discuss emerging technologies such as precision agriculture and nanotechnology, which promise to revolutionize plant nutrition management. The review concludes with future research directions and policy recommendations to support the implementation of these advancements in practical agriculture.
Exploring Organic Farming: Advantages, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors:   Krishi Vigyan Kendra Bokaro,	829121 Jharkhand-India., Kumar Srivastava Adarsh , Kumar Anil ,   Krishi Vigyan Kendra Bokaro,	829121 Jharkhand-India.
Published: October 2024

Organic farming has garnered significant attention as a sustainable agricultural practice with profound implications for human health, environmental stewardship, and economic stability. As a holistic approach to agriculture, organic farming emphasizes the use of natural processes and inputs, rejecting synthetic chemicals in favor of methods that enhance soil fertility, biodiversity, and ecosystem health. This review aims to provide a comprehensive examination of organic farming by exploring its principles, practices, and outcomes. It delves into the multifaceted advantages of organic farming, including its environmental benefits such as reduced pollution, enhanced soil health, and biodiversity conservation. Additionally, it addresses the health benefits for consumers and farmers, including improved nutritional quality of food and reduced exposure to harmful chemicals and its numerous advantages, organic farming faces several limitations that hinder its widespread adoption. These include lower yields compared to conventional farming, high certification costs, and market access challenges. Furthermore, the variability in organic standards across different regions poses additional hurdles. This review critically evaluates these challenges and discusses potential solutions to overcome them. The future of organic farming lies in the integration of innovative practices, supportive policies, and effective market development strategies. Research and development efforts are crucial to optimizing organic farming techniques and improving their resilience to climate change. Government policies must support organic farming through subsidies, research funding, and streamlined certification processes. Additionally, raising consumer awareness and enhancing supply chain infrastructure are essential for expanding market access for organic products.
Exploring Traditional Medicine in South Africa: A Review of Ethnobotanical Studies on Medicinal Plants
Authors:   Department of	Botany, Dr. Zakir Hussain College of Education-Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, Afroz Nikhat
Published: October 2024

This review delves into the extensive body of ethnobotanical research on medicinal plants used in traditional medicine across South Africa. These plants hold significant cultural value and are employed to treat a wide array of ailments, showcasing the rich heritage of indigenous knowledge passed down through generations. The review synthesizes findings from numerous studies, offering a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic applications and preparation methods of these medicinal plants. It underscores the importance of preserving this indigenous knowledge, not only for cultural heritage but also for its potential integration into modern healthcare systems to improve health outcomes. Furthermore, the review addresses the critical challenges faced by traditional medicine, including overharvesting of plant resources, biodiversity loss, and the erosion of cultural knowledge due to modernization and urbanization. By discussing these challenges, the review advocates for sustainable harvesting practices, conservation strategies, and the creation of frameworks that facilitate the respectful integration of traditional medicine into contemporary health practices. This comprehensive analysis aims to highlight the value of traditional medicinal plants and the urgent need for collaborative efforts to ensure their preservation and sustainable use.
Photosynthesis Efficiency: Advances and Challenges in Improving Crop Yield
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram -608002- Tamilnadu-India, Anbarasan S. , Ramesh S. ,   Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram -608002- Tamilnadu-India
Published: October 2024

Photosynthesis is the fundamental biological process that drives plant growth and productivity, directly influencing crop yields and agricultural sustainability. As the global population continues to rise, the demand for increased food production has placed a critical focus on enhancing photosynthetic efficiency in crops. This review comprehensively examines recent advances in understanding and improving photosynthetic efficiency, aiming to address global food security challenges. We delve into innovative strategies such as genetic engineering to optimize key enzymes involved in photosynthesis, techniques to enhance light capture efficiency, and methods to manipulate carbon fixation pathways. Additionally, we explore the integration of advanced biotechnological tools and approaches, including CRISPR-Cas9 and synthetic biology, to refine and optimize photosynthetic processes. The paper also discusses the significant challenges faced in translating these scientific advancements into practical agricultural applications, including environmental variability, regulatory hurdles, and public acceptance issues. Future directions for research are also considered, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and sustainable agricultural practices. By synthesizing the latest developments and identifying key areas for further investigation, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential and challenges of improving photosynthetic efficiency to meet future food production demands.
Agronomic approaches to mitigation of the impact of climate change on plants
Authors:   Department	of	Environmental	Science,	Rajmata	Vijayaraje	Scindia	Krishi	Vishwavidyalaya,	Gwalior,	474002	Madhya	Pradesh,	India, Sharma Om Prakash , Kushwah Nishita , Singh Dheerendra , Chauhan Aman Pratap Singh , Jain Mahaveer ,   Department	of	Agronomy	Rajmata	Vijayaraje	Scindia	Krishi	Vishwavidyalaya,	Gwalior,	474002	Madhya	Pradesh,	India,   Department	of	Jawaharlal	Nehru	Krishi	Vishwavidyalaya,	Jabalpur,	Madhya	Pradesh	482004,	India
Published: October 2024

Climate change poses a significant threat to global agriculture, impacting the growth, productivity, and sustainability of plant-based systems. This article explores various agronomic approaches aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of climate change on plants. These approaches include crop diversification, water management strategies, soil health enhancement practices, agroforestry, integrated pest management, adaptation of planting dates, and efficient fertilizer management. By adopting these innovative and sustainable agronomic practices, agriculture can enhance plant resilience, adaptability, and contribute to global efforts in climate change mitigation. The collaboration between farmers, researchers, policymakers, and the agricultural industry is essential to implement these strategies on a broad scale and build resilient and sustainable food systems for the future.
Agronomic Considerations for Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production
Authors:   Department	of	Agronomy,	Rajmata	Vijayaraje	Scindia	Krishi	Vishwavidyalaya,	Gwalior,	474002	Madhya	Pradesh,	India, Singh Dheerendra , Sharma Om Prakash , Kushwah Nishita , Chauhan Aman Pratap Singh , Jain Mahaveer ,   Department	of	Environmental	Science,	Rajmata	Vijayaraje	Scindia	Krishi	Vishwavidyalaya,	Gwalior,	474002	Madhya	Pradesh,	India,   Department	of	Jawaharlal	Nehru	Krishi	Vishwavidyalaya,	Jabalpur,	Madhya	Pradesh	482004,	India
Published: October 2024

Sustainable intensification of crop production is a multifaceted strategy aimed at meeting the increasing global demand for food while minimizing the environmental impact of agriculture. This article delves into key agronomic considerations crucial for achieving sustainable intensification. Conservation agriculture practices, including minimum tillage and crop residue retention, are explored for their role in promoting soil health and reducing erosion. Precision agriculture technologies, such as GPS and remote sensing, are highlighted for optimizing resource use. Crop diversification, rotation, and water use efficiency strategies are discussed to address issues of monoculture, nutrient imbalance, and water scarcity. Integrated nutrient management, incorporating organic sources and precision application, is examined for its contribution to soil fertility. Agroforestry and biodiversity promotion are explored as means to enhance ecosystem resilience. By integrating these agronomic considerations, farmers can contribute to a more sustainable and resilient agricultural system capable of meeting global food demands while safeguarding the environment.
Integrated Nutrient management for optimal plant health and crop yield
Authors:   Department	of	Agronomy	Rajmata	Vijayaraje	Scindia	Krishi	Vishwavidyalaya,	Gwalior,	474002	Madhya	Pradesh,	India, Kushwah Nishita , Billore Vaishalee , Sharma Om Prakash , Singh Dheerendra , Chauhan Aman Pratap Singh ,   Department	of	Environmental	Science,	Rajmata	Vijayaraje	Scindia	Krishi	Vishwavidyalaya,	Gwalior,	474002	Madhya	Pradesh,	India,   Department	of	Jawaharlal	Nehru	Krishi	Vishwavidyalaya,	Jabalpur,	Madhya	Pradesh	482004,	India
Published: October 2024

In the pursuit of sustainable agriculture and optimal crop yields, Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) has emerged as a comprehensive strategy that integrates organic and inorganic sources of nutrients. This article explores the principles and components of INM, emphasizing its role in fostering plant health, enhancing nutrient use efficiency, and ensuring the long-term sustainability of soil and ecosystems. The key components of INM include the judicious use of organic fertilizers, precision application of inorganic fertilizers, crop rotation, and the integration of beneficial microbial inoculants. The benefits of INM encompass improved nutrient use efficiency, sustainable soil health, environmental sustainability, and enhanced resilience to climate variability. As global agriculture faces the challenges of feeding a growing population while minimizing environmental impact, the adoption of Integrated Nutrient Management stands out as a pivotal strategy for achieving a harmonious balance between productivity and sustainability in modern farming.
Filosofía y evolución biológica
Authors: Vélez Vega Jorge
Published: October 2024

A lo largo del ensayo, expondré algunos argumentos relacionados con la filosofía y la historia de la filosofía, para explorar una posible vinculación con la teoría de la evolución, tal como procede la epistemología evolutiva al hacer analogía, metáfora o un tipo de paralelismo entre los modelos de la evolución y los propios de la historia de la ciencia. En primer lugar, analizaré algunos sucesos de la historia de la filosofía a través de los presupuestos darwinianos del ancestro común y de la teoría de la descendencia con modificaciones; y en segundo, haré una analogía entre la filosofía y el modelo evolutivo propuesto por Lynn Margulis, de la que derivaré una ética que pueda fomentar otra manera de habitar y morar el planeta Tierra.
El silencio como lengua para la contemplación: acercamiento sensorial a Edmond Jabès y James Turrell
Authors: Arbeláez-Cataño Mariana
Published: October 2024

In order to reflect on the literary work of Edmond Jabès and the artistic work of James Turrell, this article explores the concept of contemplative and introspective silence through the senses of sight, hearing, and touch. It presents a notion of silence that goes beyond mere absence, emphasizing how deep introspection and contemplation of inner states connect both creators. The focus is on how the writer and the artist draw on sensory experiences to evoke emotions and lead the reader or observer into new realms of understanding. To this end, the article examines the specific techniques employed by each, such as Jabès' use of language and Turrell's manipulation of light and space.
FLUXO DIGITAL EM ORTODONTIA
Authors: Castro Andressa Ribeiro de , Lima Ramônny Maria Dultra , Silva Samantha de Sousa da , Magalhães Wendell Lucas Evangelista , Ferreira Jairo de Abreu , Verde Giselle Maria Ferreira Lima
Published: October 2024

Nas últimas décadas, a ortodontia passou por transformações significativas com a adoção de tecnologias digitais. Este estudo avalia a adoção e integração dessas tecnologias no diagnóstico e tratamento ortodôntico entre Cirurgiões-Dentistas especialistas registrados no CRO-PI. A pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, utilizou um questionário distribuído via Google Forms, alcançando 50 profissionais. Os dados analisam as percepções e desafios enfrentados na prática clínica digital. Dos entrevistados, 6% ainda utilizam técnicas tradicionais, enquanto 78% adotaram o fluxo digital no planejamento dos tratamentos. Além disso, 48% dos ortodontistas têm mais de cinco anos de experiência, e a maioria (46%) está na faixa etária de 18 a 32 anos. Em relação à formação, 8% possuem doutorado e 16% mestrado, com uma distribuição de gênero equilibrada (48% homens e 52% mulheres). Em conclusão, a adoção de tecnologias digitais na ortodontia representa uma revolução significativa, proporcionando benefícios tanto para os profissionais quanto para os pacientes. Embora 6% dos ortodontistas ainda apresentem resistência a essa transição, influenciados por fatores como custo e formação, a pesquisa aponta a importância de promover a formação contínua e o suporte para facilitar essa transição digital.
Measurements of particle emissions of an A350-941 burning 100 % sustainable aviation fuels in cruise
Authors: Dischl Rebecca , Sauer Daniel , Voigt Christiane , Harlaß Theresa , Sakellariou Felicitas , Märkl Raphael , Schumann Ulrich , Scheibe Monika , Kaufmann Stefan , Roiger Anke , Dörnbrack Andreas , Renard Charles , Gauthier Maxime , Swann Peter , Madden Paul , Luff Darren , Johnson Mark , Ahrens Denise , Sallinen Reetu , Schripp Tobias , Eckel Georg , Bauder Uwe , Le Clercq Patrick
Published: October 2024

Abstract. In order to reduce aviation's CO2 emissions and comply with current climate targets, the European Union plans a mandatory quota of 2 % sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) by 2025, rising up to ≥70 % SAF by 2050. In addition to a reduction of life cycle CO2 emissions, the use of SAF can also have a positive impact on particle emissions and contrail properties. In this study we present observations from the ECLIF3 (Emission and CLimate Impact of alternative Fuels) aircraft campaign, which investigated exhaust and contrail characteristics of an Airbus A350-941 equipped with Rolls-Royce Trent XWB-84 engines. For the first time, non-volatile and total particle emissions of 100 % HEFA-SPK (hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids–synthetic paraffinic kerosene) SAF, a blended fuel and a reference Jet A-1 fuel were measured in flight. A maximum reduction in non-volatile particle number emissions of ∼41 % compared to the reference Jet A-1 fuel was measured at low cruise engine power settings when using 100 % HEFA-SPK. The reduction decreases to ∼29 % for typical cruise engine settings and to ∼22 % at high cruise engine power settings. The size of non-volatile particles was slightly smaller for HEFA-SPK compared to Jet A-1. We show a comprehensive analysis of the hydrogen content of globally available fuels. Our results demonstrate the impact of the fuel composition in terms of its aromatic, hydrogen, and sulfur content as well as of the effect of engine power settings on particle emissions. We demonstrate that the use of HEFA-SPK can significantly reduce particle emissions and thus contrail ice particles and therefore can provide an aviation climate benefit.
Palaeoecology of ungulates in northern Iberia during the Late Pleistocene through isotopic analysis of teeth
Authors: Fernández-García Mónica , Pederzani Sarah , Britton Kate , Agudo-Pérez Lucía , Cicero Andrea , Geiling Jeanne Marie , Daura Joan , Sanz Montserrat , Marín-Arroyo Ana B.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. During the Late Pleistocene, stadial and interstadial fluctuations affected vegetation, fauna, and human groups that were forced to cope with these pronounced spatial–temporal climatic and environmental changes. These changes were especially abrupt during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. Here, we reconstruct the climatic trends in northern Iberia considering the stable isotopic composition of ungulate skeletal tissue found in archaeological deposits dated between 80 and 15 ka cal BP. The carbon and oxygen isotopic composition preserved in the carbonate fraction of tooth enamel provides a reliable and high-resolution proxy of the food and water consumed by these animals, which is indirectly related to the local vegetation, environment, and climate, allowing us to estimate palaeotemperatures and rainfall intensity. This study presents new isotope data from 44 bovine, equid, and cervid teeth from five archaeological sites in the Vasco-Cantabrian region (El Castillo, Axlor, Labeko Koba, Aitzbitarte III interior, and El Otero) and one in northeastern Iberia (Canyars), where human evidence is attested from the Mousterian to the Magdalenian. The carbon isotope values reflect animals feeding on diverse C3 plants in open environments and point to differentiated ecological niches for equids and bovines, especially during the Aurignacian in the Vasco-Cantabrian region. Temperature estimations based on oxygen isotopic compositions and rainfall obtained from carbon isotopic compositions indicate colder and more arid conditions than nowadays for the human occupations from the Late Mousterian to the Aurignacian. The contemporary northeastern Iberian site shows slightly lower temperatures related to an arid period when animals mainly grazed in open landscapes. In the Vasco-Cantabrian region, during MIS 2, the Gravettian data reflect a landscape opening, whereas the Magdalenian points to warmer (but still arid) conditions.
Quantitative soil characterization using frequency domain electromagnetic induction method in heterogeneous fields
Authors: Mendoza Veirana Gaston Matias , Blanchy Guillaume , Van De Vijver Ellen , Verhegge Jeroen , Cornelis Wim , De Smedt Philippe
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The frequency domain electromagnetic induction (FDEM) method is a widely used tool for geophysical soil exploration. Field surveys using FDEM provide apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), which is typically used for qualitative interpretations. Quantitative estimations of soil properties remain challenging, especially in heterogeneous fields. Quantitative approaches are either based on deterministic or stochastic modeling. While the deterministic approach faces limitations related to instrumental drift, data calibration, inversion, and pedophysical modeling, the stochastic approach requires developing a local model, which involves extensive field sampling. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the FDEM modelling based on either a deterministic or stochastic approach, identify its limitations, and search for optimal field protocols. We provide practical guidelines for end-users to quantitatively predict soil water content, bulk density, clay content, cation exchange capacity, and water EC in heterogeneous fields. Two field surveys were conducted in Belgium, where FDEM data was collected using Dualem-421S and Dualem-21HS sensors, along with data taken from electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements and an impedance moisture probe, and soil sampling. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis revealed that deterministic modeling procedures could not predict water content more accurately than a mean value approximation (negative R2). This analysis also highlighted the sensitivity of the minimization method used in FDEM data inversion and the applied pedophysical model. Stochastic modeling, which does not require FDEM data calibration or inversion, outperformed the deterministic approach. However, its prediction accuracy is limited, particularly if soil sample depth is not considered.
Investigating the response of China’s surface ozone concentration to the future changes of multiple factors
Authors: Yang Jinya , Wang Yutong , Zhang Lei , Zhao Yu
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Climate change and associated human response are supposed to greatly alter surface ozone (O3), an air pollutant generated through photochemical reactions involving both anthropogenic and biogenic precursors. However, a comprehensive evaluation of China’s O3 response to these multiple changes has been lacking. We present a modelling framework under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP2-45), incorporating future changes in local and foreign anthropogenic emissions, meteorological conditions, and BVOCs emissions. From the 2020s to 2060s, daily maximum 8-hour average (MDA8) O3 concentration is simulated to decline by 7.7 ppb in the warm season (April–September) and 1.1 ppb in non-warm season (October–March) over the country, with a substantial reduction in exceedances of national O3 standards. Notably, O3 decreases are more pronounced in developed regions such as BTH, YRD, and PRD during warm season, with reductions of 9.7, 14.8, and 12.5 ppb, respectively. Conversely, in non-warm season, the MDA8 O3 in BTH and YRD will increase by 5.4 and 3.4 ppb, partly attributed to reduced NOx emissions and thereby weakened titration effect. O3 pollution will thus expand into the non-warm season in the future. Sensitivity analyses reveal that local emission change will predominantly influence future O3 distribution and magnitude, with contributions from other factors within ±25 %. Furthermore, the joint impact of multiple factors on O3 reduction will be larger than the sum of individual factors, due to changes in the O3 formation regime. This study highlights the necessity of region-specific emission control strategies to mitigate potential O3 increases during non-warm season and under climate penalty.
Hydroxyl in eclogitic garnet, orthopyroxene and oriented inclusion-bearing clinopyroxene, W Norway
Authors: Spengler Dirk , Koch-Müller Monika , Włodek Adam , Cuthbert Simon J. , Majka Jarosław
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Ten West Norwegian eclogites, whose mineral chemistry records metamorphism of up to 850 °C and 5.5 GPa, were investigated for structural hydroxyl content in nominally anhydrous minerals. Garnet shows pronounced absorption in the wavenumber ranges of 3596–3633 cm−1, 3651–3694 cm−1 and 3698–3735 cm−1, and minor absorption centred at about 3560 cm−1. Clinopyroxene with aligned inclusions of either quartz, albite or quartz + pargasite has major absorption at 3450–3471 cm−1 and 3521–3538 cm−1 and minor absorption centred at 3350 cm−1 and approximately 3625 cm−1. The latter band is strongest in a sample with minute lamellar inclusions rich in Al, Fe and Na and was excluded from hydroxyl quantification. Orthopyroxene has large, narrow absorption peaks centred at 3415 cm−1 and 3515 cm−1 and smaller peaks at 3555 cm−1, 3595 cm−1 and 3625 cm−1. Five orthopyroxene-bearing eclogites exhibit relatively homogeneous amounts of structural hydroxyl in garnet (13–32 μg g−1), clinopyroxene (119–174 μg g−1) and orthopyroxene (4–17 μg g−1). The outer 200 μm wide rims of the orthopyroxene grains illustrate a late hydroxyl loss compared to core values of about 30 %, which is not evident in garnet and clinopyroxene. In contrast, the other five orthopyroxene-free eclogites exhibit variable amounts of hydroxyl in garnet (8–306 μg g−1 ) and clinopyroxene (58–711 μg g−1). Apart from extreme values, the structural hydroxyl content of clinopyroxene in the eclogites studied is lower than in comparable ultra-high pressure metamorphic samples, e.g. pristine (non-metasomatised) eclogite xenoliths from the lithospheric mantle underneath the Siberian and Slave cratons (by about 200 μg g−1) and coesite- and quartz-eclogites from the Erzgebirge and the Kokchetav massifs (by several hundred μg g−1). The low structural hydroxyl contents, the deficiency of molecular water and the preservation of diffusion-sensitive evidence from the mineral chemistry for metamorphism well beyond the stability field of amphibole suggest that oriented inclusions of quartz + pargasite were formed isochemically during decompression. In addition, structural hydroxyl content in clinopyroxene is inversely correlated with metamorphic pressure estimates obtained from orthopyroxene of the same samples. Therefore, structural hydroxyl in nominally anhydrous eclogite minerals can serve as an indicator of the effectiveness of retrogression.
The quantification of downhole fractionation for laser ablation mass spectrometry
Authors: Lloyd Jarred Cain , Spandler Carl , Gilbert Sarah E. , Hasterok Derrick
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Downhole fractionation (DHF), a known phenomenon in static spot laser ablation, remains one of the most significant sources of uncertainty for laser-based geochronology. A given DHF pattern is unique to a set of conditions, including material, inter-element analyte pair, laser conditions, and spot volume/diameter. Current modelling methods (simple or complex linear models, spline-based modelling) for DHF do not readily lend themselves to uncertainty propagation, nor do they allow for quantitative inter-session comparison, let alone inter-laboratory or inter-material comparison. In this study, we investigate the application of orthogonal polynomial decomposition for quantitative modelling of LA-ICP-MS DHF patterns with application to an exemplar U–Pb dataset across a range of materials and analytical sessions. We outline the algorithm used to compute the models and provide a brief interpretation of the resulting data. We demonstrate that it is possible to quantitatively compare the DHF patterns of multiple materials across multiple sessions accurately, and use uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) to help visualise this large dataset. We demonstrate that the algorithm presented advances our capability to accurately model LA-ICP-MS DHF and may enable reliable decoupling of the DHF correction for non-matrix matched materials, improved uncertainty propagation, and inter-laboratory comparison. The generalised nature of the algorithm means it is applicable not only to geochronology but also more broadly within the geosciences where predictable linear relationships exist.
Methane oxidation potential of soils in a rubber plantation in Thailand affected by fertilization
Authors: Murase Jun , Sajjaphan Kannika , Dechjiraratthanasiri Chatprawee , Duangngam Ornuma , Chotiphan Rawiwan , Rattanapichai Wutthida , Azuma Wakana , Shibata Makoto , Kasemsap Poonpipope , Epron Daniel
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Forest soils, as crucial sinks for atmospheric methane in terrestrial ecosystems, are significantly impacted by changes in ecosystem dynamics due to deforestation and agricultural practices. This study investigated the methane oxidation potential of rubber plantation soils in Thailand, focusing on the effect of fertilization. The methane oxidation activity of the top soils (0–10 cm) in the dry season was found to be extremely low and slightly increased in the wet season, with lower activity for higher fertilization levels. The potential methane oxidation potential of the topsoil was too low to explain the in-situ methane uptake. Soils below 10 cm depth in unfertilized rubber plantations showed higher activity than the surface soils, and methane oxidation was detected at least down to 60 cm depth. In contrast, soils under the high-fertilization treatment exhibited similarly low activity of methane oxidation up to 60 cm depth as surface soils both in dry and wet seasons, indicating that fertilization of para rubber plantation negatively impacts the methane oxidation potential of the soils over the deep profile without recovery in the off-season with no fertilization. Methane uptake per area estimated by integrating the methane oxidation potentials of soil layers was comparable to the field flux data, suggesting that methane oxidation in the soil predominantly occurs in depths below the surface layer. These findings have significant implications for understanding the environmental impacts of tropical forest land uses on methane dynamics and underscore the importance of understanding methane oxidation processes in soils.
Modelling the nutritional implications of ozone on wheat protein and amino acids
Authors: Cook Jo , Yadav Durgesh Singh , Hayes Felicity , Booth Nathan , Bland Sam , Pande Pritha , Thankappan Samarthia , Emberson Lisa
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Ozone (O3) pollution reduces wheat yields as well as the protein and micronutrient yield of the crop. O3 concentrations are particularly high in India, and are set to increase, threatening wheat yields and quality in a country already facing challenges to food security. This study aims to improve the existing DO3SE-CropN model to simulate the effects of O3 on Indian wheat quality by incorporating antioxidant processes to simulate protein, and the concentrations of nutritionally relevant amino acids. As a result, the improved model can now capture the decrease in protein concentration that occurs in Indian wheat exposed to elevated O3. The structure of the modelling framework is transferrable to other abiotic stressors and easily integrable into other crop models, provided they simulate leaf and stem N, demonstrating the flexibility and usefulness of the framework developed in this study. Further, the modelling results can be used to simulate the FAO recommended metric for measuring protein quality, the DIAAS, setting up a foundation for nutrition-based risk assessments of O3 effects on crops. The resulting model was able to capture grain protein, lysine and methionine concentrations reasonably well. As a proportion of dry matter, the simulated percentages ranged from 0.26 % to 0.38 % for lysine, and from 0.13 % to 0.22 % for methionine, while the observed values were 0.16 % to 0.38 % and 0.14 % to 0.22 %, respectively. For grain and leaf protein simulations, the interdependence between parameters reduced the accuracy of their respective relative protein loss under O3 exposure. Additionally, the decrease in lysine and methionine concentrations under O3 exposure was underestimated by ~10 percentage points for methionine for both cultivars, and by 37 and 19 percentage points for lysine for HUW234 and HD3118 respectively. This underestimation occurs despite simulations of relative yield loss being fairly accurate (average deviation of 2.5 percentage points excluding outliers). To provide further mechanistic understanding of O3 effects on wheat grain quality, future experiments should measure nitrogen (N) and protein concentrations in leaves and stems, along with the proportion of N associated with antioxidants, which will aid in informing future model development. Additionally, exploring how grain protein relates to amino acid concentrations under O3 will enhance the model’s accuracy in predicting protein quality and provide more reliable estimates of the influence of O3 on wheat quality. This study builds on the work of Cook et al. (2024) and supports the second phase of the tropospheric O3 assessment report (TOAR) by investigating the impacts of tropospheric O3 on Indian wheat and the potential of this to exacerbate existing malnutrition in India.
Influence of Floodplains and Groundwater Dynamics on the Present-Day Climate simulated by the CNRM Model
Authors: Decharme Bertrand , Colin Jeanne
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The climate impacts of floodwater stored over large inundated areas and groundwater stored in large unconfined aquifers at the global-scale are not yet well-documented, despite their potential to affect the atmosphere through contributions to land surface evapotranspiration fluxes. To address these gaps in knowledge, the present study aims to assess the potential role of these processes on present-day climate using the CNRM-CM6-1 global climate model, the physical core of the Earth System Model (ESM) used by the French National Center for Meteorological Research for climate projections. This model includes a dynamic river flooding scheme and a groundwater scheme accounting for the 218 world's largest unconfined aquifer basins. The study consists of four experiments, each with five ensemble members driven by observed monthly sea surface temperature and sea ice cover for the 1980–2014 period. The experiments include configuration variations where both groundwater and floodplain processes were activated or deactivated, as well as configurations where each process was individually activated. The various forcings used in CNRM-CM6-1 adhere to the CMIP6 recommendations. The False Detection Rate test is employed to assess the significance of field differences. This study found that the impact of groundwater and floodplains on precipitation and 2-meter air temperature biases is predominantly positive in comparison to observations, although on a very regional scale. Additionally, the model's ability to simulate terrestrial water storage and river discharges is enhanced by these processes. The improvement in land hydrology with floodplains and groundwater is attributed to their ability to increase the hydrological memory of the model. Overall, the study highlights the importance of incorporating groundwater and floodplain processes into ESMs to improve the understanding of land surface-atmosphere interactions and the accuracy of climate simulations.