bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-Economic Assessment of Communities Along the Western Shore of Lake Dambal, Ethiopia
Authors: Regassa Desalegn
Published: December 2024

This study explores the socioeconomic features of communities surrounding Lake Dambal previously named Lake Ziway, the only freshwater lake in Ethiopia's Central Rift Valley basin, which is increasingly threatened by degradation. Using both quantitative and qualitative research methods, including household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions, the study assessed the socio-economic and environmental challenges impacting the western shore of Lake Dambal. A total of 420 respondents, predominantly male household heads in rural areas, revealed that most households depend on farming, yet face significant challenges such as water scarcity, soil erosion, pests, diseases, and market instabilities. Environmental degradation, driven by deforestation, chemical use, invasive weeds, overfishing, and urban waste pollution, further exacerbates the lake's deterioration and the communities' vulnerabilities. Despite these challenges, there are opportunities for sustainable development through the adoption of improved agricultural technologies, value-addition activities, and sustainable practices like beekeeping and reforestation. The study underscores the urgent need for holistic wetland conservation efforts, which include promoting alternative livelihoods, implementing land use planning, and enhancing market access. Strengthening policy enforcement, supporting smallholder farmers, and fostering private sector engagement are also crucial for improving the livelihoods and resilience of the community. By addressing these socio-economic and environmental issues, stakeholders can work towards the sustainable management of Lake Dambal and its surrounding wetlands, ultimately contributing to the well-being of local communities and the preservation of critical ecosystems.
Evaluation of NUE and Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Performance Through Application of Urea Stable Fertilizer in Ethiopia
Authors: Bekele Demsew , Getu Abebe , Gebremedihin Wubayehu , Asaminew Helen , Muche Belachew
Published: December 2024

An experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted at Fogera and Libokemkem districts from 2017-2019 growing season. Nitrogen is the most yield liming nutrient that can be highly soluble and lost through leaching, volatilization and denitrification. The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of urea stable and convectional urea on rice performance and productivity. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were different rate of urea stable and convectional urea applied at planting and in split: (Control, 69 kg N ha-1 from urea stable applied once at planting, 69 kg N ha-1 from urea stable in split application, 34.5 kg N ha-1 from urea stable in split application and 34.5 kg N ha-1 from urea stable in once applied, 103.5 kg N ha-1 from urea stable applied once at planting, 103.5 kg N ha-1 from urea in split application, 69 kg N ha-1 from conventional urea in split application, 103.5 kg N ha-1 from conventional urea in split application). The applications of urea stable and conventional urea were significantly improved growth yield and yield components of rice as compared to control. Mean grain yield and biomass yield of rice was significantly affected by nitrogen rate and increased with increasing of nitrogen rate applied from urea stable and conventional urea. Moreover, the highest grain and biomass yield 4.8 t and 10.6 t was recorded from application of the recommended N in urea stable form once at planting in fogera district. Whereas the minimum grain (1.9 t/ha) and biomass yield (4.7 t/ha) was recorded from the negative control. At Libokemkem district the highest grain and biomass yield 3.9 tones and 9.3 t/ha was recorded respectively. But statistically similar from application of 103.5 kg N ha-1 applied in split in the form of conventional urea (+ve control). Therefore, there was no evidence in our research that supports the advantage of urea stable over the conventional urea. Hence it is concluded that the application N fertilizers sources from both of urea and urea-stable are equal result obtained in improving of rice productivity and nitrogen use efficiency.
Exploring the Potential of Regenerative Agriculture for Climate Mitigation, Resource Efficiency and Sustainability
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Pandey Mukesh , Srivastava Aparna , Ranjan Prem
Published: December 2024

Regenerative Agriculture (RA) represents a significant approach toward sustainable and eco-friendly practices, provides environmental, economic, and social benefits. The objective of the review is to evaluate research trends and gaps, conduct a SWOT analysis, and explore the potential of regenerative agriculture in areas like energy conservation, food security, ecosystem services, soil health, circular agriculture, and climate-smart, resilient farming practices. This review emphasizes the holistic approach of Regenerative Agriculture, SWOT analysis reveals that RA offers significant benefits of environmental sustainability and several opportunities like carbon market and food security. Despite multiple benefits, bibliometric analysis showed that research on RA is limited, with a notable increase in publications only emerging in recent years. RA contributes to better sustainable practices compared to other agricultural systems. RA efforts to mitigate climate change by reducing the carbon footprint, enhancing climate adaptability, improving soil health, and providing ecosystem services. It also addresses challenges such as biodiversity loss, food waste, and food security. Furthermore, integrating RA presents economic and ecological opportunities, such as carbon credits and a circular economy. This approach increases resource efficiency, minimizes agricultural waste, and promotes nature-based solutions with potential for energy conservation and healthier ecosystems. Based on our findings, we recommend that research should focus on developing carbon credit schemes from RA, enhancing farmer’s awareness of RA's economic and environmental benefits, and modifying RA to improve on circular economy principles for sustainability.
Propensity Score Matching: An Application on Observational Data
Authors: Collins Wangila , Anjela Wanjala , Jacinta Muindi
Published: December 2024

The study aimed to determine the survival rate of first-class passengers using the Titanic dataset from Kaggle. Descriptive statistics revealed that first class passengers had way more chance to survive as compared to other classes, which underscores the role of socioeconomic status in determining chances of survival. Evaluation metrics, which assess model performance independently for male and female cohorts, shed light on gender specific projected accuracy. The analysis of propensity scores matching data for male and female passengers separately ensured that each gender category had control groups and treatments that were equally distributed. It was discovered that women had higher survival rates compared to men and these findings also identified disparities in the levels of surviving among genders. Improvements in covariate balance were indicated by post-matching statistics for both the male and female cohorts, indicating that the matching process was successful for both genders. The treatment effect estimates for male and female passengers were computed independently, and the findings showed that a number of characteristics significantly improved the survival rates for each gender group. The overall results of the study emphasized how important it is to include gender when analyzing survival outcomes using the Titanic dataset. In addition, age was suggested as an important factor whereby young people had higher chances of being saved.
Evaluation of Released Coffee Varieties in Jinka-South Omo Coffee Growing Areas, South Western Ethiopia
Authors: Merga Dawit , Eschbel Atlaw , Beksisa Lemi , Tefera Fekadu , Alemayehu Desalegn , Zakir Mohammedsani , Adisu Melaku , Getaneh Adimkew
Published: December 2024

South-Omo is one the potential coffee producing areas of south western Ethiopia. However, the coffee producers are still challenging with lack of improved varieties. To overcome this problem and deliver coffee technologies in a short period of time, testing the adaptability of released coffee verities breeding program was designed. The objectives were to test the adaptability of released coffee varieties under Jinka coffee growing area and to identify the suitable varieties and recommend for users. Seven selected coffee varieties and one local check were tested around Jinka area. The experiment was established in 2018. The varieties were tested in replicated trial with completely randomized block design (RCBD) for two constitutive seasons at Shirshir kebele site, South Ari in South Omo. Data were collected for clean bean yield and growth parameters such as number of primary branches and number of fruits per primary branch. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using SAS software. The significant difference was observed among varieties for yield and yield related traits. Among the tested varieties, Menesibu and Desu showed best adaptability to the area. Generally, Menesibu and Desu were identified as the best adaptable varieties and recommended for further multiplication and distribution for framers and other users.
Evaluation of Polyphenols, Antioxidant Activity, and Mineral Content in Honey Produced by Apis mellifera L. According to Floral Origin
Authors: Loyola-Gonzales Eddie , Pari-Olarte Josefa
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Honey is in high demand because of its nutritional value, therapeutic properties, and sensory characteristics. Honey varieties were evaluated according to their floral origin and physicochemical composition, and total polyphenols, antioxidants, and minerals were analyzed for conformity and preference. Methods: Seven honey samples were analyzed for physicochemical composition using the Official Methods of Analysis method, total polyphenols using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, flavonoids using the ferric trichloride method, antioxidant activity and inhibitory concentration using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, and ferric reducing capacity using the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy was used to determine the mineral composition of the honey varieties. Results: The physicochemical compositions of the honey samples did not show significant differences and complied with national regulations. Total phenolic compound content was 336.9–1064.9 μg EAG/g, whereas flavonoids were between 0–151.9 μg EQ/g, with eucalyptus honey having the highest concentration. The antioxidant capacity measured using DPPH and FRAP was 0.095–0.186 and 0.168–0.654 mM TEAC/g, respectively. Variability was observed in the calcium (161.55 mg/kg in eucalyptus), magnesium (35.20 mg/kg in eucalyptus), potassium (901.17 mg/kg in eucalyptus), and sodium (172.18 mg/kg in pecan aroma) levels. Heavy metals did not exhibit significant values. The correlation between total flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity was weak; a strong correlation was observed between total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Conclusions: The antioxidant activity, bioactive compounds, and minerals in honey vary according to its floral origin, which could be helpful in the pharmaceutical industry and gastronomy.
Prevalence of Anemia in Heart Failure Patients Hospitalized in a Cardiology Department in Dakar, Senegal
Authors: Gaye Ngone , Ngaide Aliou , Mingou Joseph , Diaby Mamadou , Ndiaye Mouhamadou , Mbaye Alassane , Diao Maboury , Kane Abdoul
Published: December 2024

The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of anemia in patients with heart failure, analyze the characteristics of anemia in this population, and identify prognostic factors related to anemia and heart failure. We conducted a descriptive and analytical retrospective study over a period of nine months, from April 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018. The study included patients aged over 18 years who were hospitalized in a cardiology department for heart failure of all causes, with hemoglobin levels strictly below 12 g/dl for women and 13 g/dl for men. Heart failure diagnosis was based on ESC 2016 criteria. The study was approved by the ethics committee of Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 18 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 18), with a p-value of ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. We identified 182 patients with anemia, representing a hospital prevalence of 11.61%. The average age was 58.9 ± 15.93 years, with a female predominance in those under 50 years and a male predominance in those over 50. Most patients (77.1%) had a low socioeconomic status. Major cardiovascular risk factors included physical inactivity (56%) and hypertension (47%). Clinically, 78% of patients had dyspnea, 31.9% had chest pain, 40.7% had cutaneous-mucosal pallor, and 72.2% had global heart failure. Ischemic heart disease was the main cause of heart failure (49.2%). Diagnostic investigations revealed elevated ferritin in 50% of cases, elevated CRP in 88.1%, and elevated creatinine in 37.4%. The mean hemoglobin level was 11.6 ± 7.15 g/dl, with 71.4% of patients having hemoglobin between 10 and 13 g/dl. Normocytic normochromic anemia predominated. The study showed that anemia was more common in patients with an ejection fraction > 50% (48.1%) and those with global heart failure (72.2%). Statistically significant associations with severe and mild anemia were observed in the age groups 20-29 years (p=0.003) and 50-59 years (p=0.014) and with endocarditis (p=0.03). Only women showed severe and very severe anemia (p=0.21). The hospital mortality rate was 15.38%. In conclusion, this study reveals a significant prevalence of anemia among hospitalized patients, with important correlations between anemia and various clinical and socioeconomic factors.
Application of SSR Molecular Marker Technology in Rice Variety Identification
Authors: Zhang Shasha
Published: December 2024

This study mainlydescribes the principles and advantages of SSR molecular marker technology, focusing on the analysis and discussion of the application of SSR molecular marker technology in rice variety identification, as well as the technical points of using SSR molecular marker technology to identify rice varieties, including the study of rapid DNA extraction methods, optimization of PCR amplification procedures and reaction systems, improvement of PCR amplification product detection methods, primer screening and construction of DNA fingerprint maps.
Exploring the Mediating Role of Self-Esteem in the Relationship Between Recreation Activities and Quality of Life Among Youth with Visual Impairment
Authors: Alabdan Abeer
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to explore the mediating role of self-esteem in the correlation between participation in recreational activities and quality of life among youth with visual impairments (VI). This research is particularly significant given the unique challenges faced by youth with VI, who often experience limitations in their social interactions and opportunities for engaging in recreational pursuits. A sample of 50 participants was selected from Institutes of Light and various schools catering to students with VI in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. To gather relevant data, I utilized a comprehensive approach, incorporating the Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem Scale, the KIDSCREEN 27 questionnaire, and the Perceived Freedom in Free Time Scale. The findings revealed significant and positive associations among self-esteem, participation in recreational activities, and overall quality of life. Specifically, engagement in recreational activities was positively correlated with enhanced self-esteem and improved quality of life among the participants. This suggests that recreational activities not only provide enjoyment but also play a vital role in personal development and emotional well-being. Moreover, the analysis demonstrated that self-esteem emerged as a crucial factor in enhancing the quality of life for youth with VI. Importantly, self-esteem was identified as a mediating variable in the relationship between recreational activities and quality of life, indicating that the benefits of engaging in such activities can be partly attributed to their impact on self-esteem. This study emphasizes the importance of fostering recreational opportunities for youth with visual impairments, as these activities contribute significantly to their self-worth and overall life satisfaction. The results underline the need for targeted programs that encourage participation in recreational activities, ultimately helping to improve the quality of life and emotional health for this vulnerable population.
The Effect of Climate Change on Agricultural Output in Ethiopia
Authors: Eshetu Antehun
Published: December 2024

Globally, the most pressing environmental issue at the moment is thought to be climate change. The resulting effect is a clear deterioration in both overall economic growth and agricultural output. The objective of the study was to look at how climate change might affect Ethiopian agricultural productivity in the short- and long-run between 1990 and 2023. An analysis of the short- and long-run effect of climate change on agricultural output was conducted using the ARDL cointegration approach. For the unit root test, the ADF test was employed. The results of the bound test exhibit that the real agricultural GDP, labour force, average annual rainfall, carbon dioxide emissions, average annual temperature, agricultural land and imports of fertilizer inputs have a stable long-run relationship. The estimated long-run model shows that the country's main component of GDP, agricultural output, is significantly impacted by climate change. The error correction term's coefficient is -0.783, indicating an annual adjustment of nearly 78.3% percent towards long-run equilibrium. The estimated coefficients of the short-run show that mean annual rainfall have a significant effect whereas the average temperature is an insignificant effect on output. Average temperature has a negative effect on agricultural output over the long run, whereas mean annual rainfall has positive effect. These are the two key variables of significance. According to the study, in order to lessen the effects of climate change, the government and other stakeholders should develop specific policies. They should also concentrate on technological innovation that prevents temperature increases from increasing output and the adoption of technology at both the macro and micro levels.
Status of Green Financing and Sustainable Financing: Bangladesh Context
Authors: Alam Md.
Published: December 2024

Almost all banks established green banking units in time, though there is a lack of seriousness in implementing green banking guidelines set by Bangladesh Bank. In the present situation, climate change, sustainability, environment, etc., have become major global concerns. There is no other planet in the universe for human beings and other animal habitats with ecological harmony. This study aims to examine the green financing (GF) and sustainable financing (SF) status and role of central bank in Bangladesh. This study gathered mainly secondary data from Bangladesh Bank (BB) website in 2023 and 2024 and used MS-excel software for tabulating, analyzing and comparing results. This study finds 22 banks achieved GF target where UCB PLC stood in the top position at 36.21%, next to Jamuna Bank PLC at 29.85%, IBB PLC at 22.42%, and Bank Asia stood at the end at 5.47%. On the other hand, 17 commercial banks fulfill the SF target of the total term loan disbursement set by Bangladesh Bank. It is observed that in Q4, 2023, 17 banks out of 61 had exposure to green finance, where 16 banks were PCBs. Only Bangladesh Krishi Bank occupied the top position, accounting for 56.48% of sustainable finance next to NRB Bank PLC 42.86%, BRAC Bank PLC 41.32%, etc., and Jamuna Bank PLC stood last position at 21.57%. The study also found the total target achieved by banks was 9.09% in GF and 27.24% in SF, which exceeded the target set by the Bangladesh bank and it is a milestone to achieve SDGs set by the united nations (UN) by 2030.
Representation of China and the Chinese in the Ethiopian Broadcast Media
Authors: Weldemikael Berhanu
Published: December 2024

The chief objective of this study was to examine the representation of China in the Ethiopian broadcast media. The study aims to address specific objectives such as unraveling the major frames used in reporting about China and the Chinese, identifying the dominant information sources used by the Ethiopian broadcast media in reporting about China, and examining the representation of negative comments about China in the Ethiopian broadcast media. Theoretically, the study employs social constructionism together with framing theory through a qualitative research design. To that end, the study selected six television channels using purposive sampling and their coverage of issues in China in relation to three events. They are: 1) U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan; 2) the 2023 BRICS1’ summit held in South Africa; and 3) the 2023 Belt and Road Initiative summit held in Beijing. A corpus of 47 stories, regardless of their genre, was compiled and analyzed using framing theory and qualitative content analysis. The analysis revealed that China has been represented consistently through three frames. They are: 1) China is a “mighty power”; 2) China is a “fortress”; and 3) China is a “beacon of hope." These frames constitute several sub-themes within them.
Technological and Nutritional Properties of Four Varieties of Sorghum Grains Used in Mali
Authors: Konaré Mamadou , Diawara Yacouba , Diakité Méminata , Tounkara Fatoumata , Sissoko Sory
Published: December 2024

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is one of the main cereals widely consumed in Mali. The aim of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of the technological and nutritional properties of four varieties of sorghum (“Duguyiriwa”, “Jakumbe”, “Seguifa”, and “Kenikedje”) consumed in Mali. The physicochemical properties, macronutrients, and micronutrients were determined using gravimetric, spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. Antinutritional factors (ANFs) were determined spectrophotometrically. Furthermore, the technological properties were estimated through the grinding yield, water solubility index (WSI), and absorption capacity of water (WAC) and oil (OAC) via the gravimetric technique. The physical characteristics revealed that the grains from all the varieties were the same forms and sizes, whereas they were different in color and weight. Overall, these grains can be easily stored due to their low humidity (7.28±0.09–8.49±0.20%) and free acidity (< 0.10 °Dornic). The varieties are relatively rich in macronutrients: proteins (5.32–6.38%), carbohydrates (79.90–80.94%) and fibers (2.45–2.84%). In addition, they are potential sources of micronutrients such as potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and iron. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) highlighted the presence of lysine (an essential amino acid) in all the samples, except Kenikedje. These nutritional values could be reinforced by the nonharmful levels registered with antinutritional factors (ANFs): lectins (0.64–2.52 mg equivalents SAB/100 g) and tannins (0.07–0.13 mg equivalents AG/100 g). Analysis of technological performance revealed that all the investigated varieties possessed good processing abilities. Higher grinding yields (> 92%) and water absorption capacities (WAC > 67%) were observed for all varieties. In terms of technological transformation, the Duguyiriwa sample was the best variety because it presented the highest WAC (74.37±1.44%) and lowest oil absorption capacity (OAC = 8.97±0.05%). In summary, these sorghum varieties are potential sources of nutrients and have good technological processing ability.
Research on the Mechanism of Spinal Stability Under Body Load
Authors: Ren Jianchang , Xiao Haili
Published: December 2024

In modern society, the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and spinal problems has become increasingly concerning, particularly among students and working professionals who regularly carry heavy loads. The growing awareness of health issues related to load carrying has sparked significant research interest in this field. This study investigated the mechanisms of spinal stability under various loading conditions among college students. While backpacks are essential in daily life, their impact on spinal biomechanics and potential injury risks remains a concern. Twenty university students (10 males, 10 females) participated in this research examining the effects of different load magnitudes (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% body weight) and carrying durations on spinal stability. Using three-dimensional motion capture, force platform measurements, and surface electromyography, we analyzed participants' postural control and muscle activity during both static stance and dynamic walking conditions at various gradients (0°, 5°, 10°, 20°). Results showed that loads exceeding 20% body weight caused significant alterations in spinal alignment, with forward lean angles increasing by 7-8 degrees at 30% body weight loading. During inclined walking, the combination of slope and load had multiplicative effects, with 30% body weight load at 20° slope resulting in approximately 10-12 degrees more spine forward flexion compared to level ground. Prolonged loading (60 minutes) led to a 30-35% increase in center of pressure sway range, indicating deteriorated postural control. EMG analysis revealed significant muscle fatigue, with erector spinae and multifidus muscles showing primary roles in maintaining spinal stability. Recovery of spinal stability parameters required approximately 30 minutes following heavy load carrying. These findings provide important guidance for establishing evidence-based recommendations for load carrying among college students and emphasize the need for appropriate rest periods and carrying techniques to maintain spinal health.
State of Charge-State of Health Collaborative Estimation of the Lithium-ion Battery Based on an Innovative Hybrid Optimization Network
Authors: Zhang Xi , Wang Li , Wu Muyao
Published: December 2024

Lithium-ion battery is one of the core components of electric vehicles, and the state of charge-state of health estimation results of it is the key to restrict the safe and efficient use of it, which then affects the comprehensive performance of electric vehicles. However, SOC and SOH of lithium-ion batteries have a coupling relationship, and have fast and slow time-varying characteristics respectively, with inconsistent time scales. Hence, it is necessary to carry out SOC-SOH collaborative estimation and select a suitable time scale, which can ensure the accuracy and robustness of SOC-SOH collaborative estimation without consuming too much calculation cost. This article proposed an innovative hybrid optimization network to improve the ability of the analysis and feature extraction capability of the input sequences for precise SOC estimation. This hybrid network fully combines the advantages of convolutional neural network, bidirectional long short-term memory, attention mechanism. Additionally, kepler optimization algorithm is applied for hyperparameter optimization of the hybrid network for the first time according to our knowledge, and SOH is also estimated accurately for more ideal SOC estimation results. The experimental results of lithium-ion batteries indicate that the innovative hybrid optimization network can reach ideal SOC estimation results under different working conditions and ambient temperatures. The mean absolute error and root mean square error are 0.55% and 0.72% respectively, only about a third of the SOC estimation results without considering SOH, which means that SOC-SOH collaborative estimation are very essential. Hence, this article is of great significance for the development of smarter battery management system.
Assessment of a Non-Absorbable Monofilament Suture for Skin Closure in Adults and Paediatrics – Skinda, an International, Bi-Centric, Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Baumann Petra , Lopez Manuel , Hoelderle Jessica , Kewer Jan
Published: December 2024

Each surgical incision has to be closed after surgery. Suture materials are mostly applied which differ in their filament structure, material composition, as well as in their absorption profile, and the choice of the suture material used for skin closure is mainly based on the surgeon´s preference. We designed a prospective, international, multicentric, single-arm, observational study to assess the clinical outcome of a non-absorbable monofilament nylon-based suture for skin closure with a comparison to historic data from the literature. In total, 115 patients were enrolled with an equally distribution of adults and paediatrics receiving a nylon-based suture material to close the skin. Different safety (wound dehiscence, surgical site infections, and adverse events) and effectiveness parameters (pain, wound healing, patient satisfaction, cosmetic result, intraoperative suture handling) were selected to judge the performance of the suture material. The assessment of patient satisfaction, wound healing, and handling properties of the suture was done using a Likert scale, whereas the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) was chosen for aesthetic scar rating. The primary endpoint was a combined rate of wound dehiscence and surgical site infection occurring until suture removal. After discharge, the patients were examined at suture removal and the paediatric population received a further routinely 1-month post-surgery follow-up. Until suture removal, 2 surgical site infections (1.75%) occurred and one wound dehiscence was seen until 30 days postoperatively, indicating significant lower rates compared to historical data. Furthermore, good handling properties of the suture material as well as a high patient satisfaction combined with an excellent wound healing and cosmetic appearance were reported. Based on our findings, it can be concluded that a monofilament nylon-based suture material is an optimal choice for skin closure in adults as well as in children, and it represents an appropriate alternative to other devices, which are currently in utilization.
The Impact of Quarrying Activities on Air Quality and Public Health: A Case Study in Warwickshire
Authors: Ziarati Reza , Al-Habaibeh Amin , Barzegarsedigh Amirehsan , Shakmak Bubaker , Singh Lakhvir
Published: December 2024

Poor air quality is well-documented for its links to health issues such as asthma, cancer, and autoimmune diseases, posing particularly high risks to children and vulnerable populations. This study utilizes a mixed-methods approach to evaluate the air pollution levels that school students and local residents are currently exposed to, along with the potential impact of a proposed 220-acre sand and gravel quarry, which would increase heavy goods vehicle (HGV) traffic near the community. Monitoring was conducted in multiple locations, including the village High Street, a 250-student primary school, a private residence opposite the school, and 350 meters from an active quarry site. Results indicate that levels of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) frequently exceeded both national and WHO safety thresholds, particularly during peak traffic hours, which exacerbated the decline in air quality. If the new quarry is approved, air pollution levels are expected to further increase due to intensified HGV traffic and additional emissions from quarry activities, raising serious concerns about potential health impacts on local residents. For over twenty years, planning officers, regulatory bodies, and developers have relied predominantly on desktop modelling to assess the health risks associated with quarry activities, often using outdated and limited data that fail to capture the current conditions and real-world risks. Authorities maintain that there is "no evidence" of health risks for residents near quarries, a claim based on the absence of direct scientific studies rather than conclusive safety. This research underscores the urgent need for robust, ground-level data to inform decision-making and safeguard public health, particularly given the increased exposure risks to children attending school within the impact zone. The study’s findings strongly suggest that new quarrying activities could significantly compromise local air quality and increase health risks, highlighting the inadequacies of current regulatory assessments.
Whey Based Bulla Porridge Using Different Proportions of Acidic Whey and Water
Authors: Zeynu Nesru , Abeshu Yadesa , Kefale Biadge
Published: December 2024

Bulla porridge is a traditional food item often made from bulla paste, which is primarily obtained from fully matured Enset (Ensete ventricosum) plants. It is high in carbohydrates but low in protein. This study aimed to improve the nutritional value and sensory attributes of bulla porridge. 5 kg of bulla paste was collected from Gurage zone, Ezha woreda, Ethiopia. The experiment included seven treatments: T1 (100% water), T2 (85% Acidic Whey & 15% Water), T3 (70% Acidic Whey & 30% Water), T4 (55% Acidic Whey & 45% Water), T5 (40% Acidic Whey & 60% Water), T6 (25% Acidic Whey & 75% Water), and T7 (10% Acidic Whey & 90% Water). The moisture, ash, crude protein, calcium, iron, and zinc content of acidic whey blended bulla porridge ranged from 0.54% to 1.65%, 0.33% to 4.65%, 0.43% to 1.43%, 177.60 to 530.50, 9.37 to 24.51, and 0.69 to 2.34, respectively. The highest sensory attribute scores were 8.33 for appearance, 8.47 for color, 7.87 for taste, 8.07 for odor, 8.07 for texture, and 8.15 for overall acceptability. Bulla porridge with 70% acidic whey and 30% water showed a 16% increase in protein, 35% increase in calcium, and 7% increase in zinc. Bulla porridge made with acidic whey can be significantly improved in terms of protein content and sensory acceptability compared to the control.
Ethnoracial Diversity of the Special Educator Workforce Over Time
Authors: Bettini Elizabeth , Nguyen Tuan D. , Ellis-Robinson Tammy , Mason-Williams Loretta , Allen-Barrett Alex , Bass Ayana
Published: December 2024

Teachers of color are critical for improving students’ educational experiences and outcomes, especially for students of color. Yet, more than 80% of special education teachers (SETs) in U.S. public schools are white. Thus, we examined how the ethnoracial diversity of the SET workforce changed over time, from 2012–2021, in relation to the increasingly ethnoracially diverse population of students with disabilities. Analyzing multiple waves of several nationally representative datasets, we found that any growth in the number of SETs of color nationally is wholly insufficient to keep pace with growth in the population of students of color with disabilities. With growing ethnoracial disparities between the SET workforce and the population of students with disabilities, race-evasive recruitment and retention initiatives are not justifiable. Instead, coordinated, race-conscious policies and practices are needed across policy, teacher education, and in-service school districts, to foster a SET workforce that is representative of the student population.
Low-velocity impact resistance and failure characteristics of all thermoplastic woven polymer-fiber-reinforced plastic composites
Authors: Ko Seunghyun , Qiao Yao , Roosendaal Timothy J , Denny Adam C , Ramos Jose L , Shahwan Khaled W , Simmons Kevin L
Published: December 2024

This study addresses the impact performances of recyclable composites made of all thermoplastic polymer-fiber-reinforced plastics (PFRPs), where the reinforcing fibers and matrix are made of thermoplastic polymers. Three woven PFRPs systems were evaluated, including polypropylene fibers, polypropylene matrix, and high-density polyethylene matrix. In low-velocity impact scenario with an impactor speed of less than 6 m/s, our results demonstrate the energy absorption capabilities of the flat laminate PFRPs compared to woven carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) and aluminum alloy 5052. For the systems studied, the PFRPs can reach the specific energy absorption 89% to 115% of the CFRPs. Even compared with the aluminum alloy 5052, the PFRPs can reach up to 97%. We investigate the failure morphologies of the PFRPs using X-ray µCT scans. They reveal the PFRPs’ unique ductile failure morphologies compared to common CFRPs. In addition, we heal the perforated region in the PFRPs by applying the manufacturing process identical to the initial curing process. The healed panels are perforated again, and they recovered 30% to 38% of their original specific energy absorption, a recovery not achievable with CFRPs. This study provides valuable experimental results, and concrete insights into the potential applications of recyclable PFRPs in various engineering fields. It emphasizes their excellent energy-absorbing capability and repairability.
Crime prevention in the digital age: Challenges and technologies for policing in Aflao border township in Ghana
Authors: Torsu Leonard Atsu
Published: December 2024

The development of technological innovation has made a substantial contribution to crime prevention and policing. The study draws the connection between challenges in crime prevention and technology deployment in Aflao border Township. Methodologically, the data from the study was drawn primarily from interviews with police officers. The study revealed that understaffing, cross-border crime, the proliferation of unapproved routes, lack of a crime scene team, logistics, and lack of cooperation from border residents were core challenges confronting officers. The study concludes that technology deployment in Aflao, although rudimentary, helps mitigate the hard means of dealing with crime.
Focus on Opportunities and Adaptive Performance: The Importance of Distinguishing Between Subjective and Objective Performance Measures
Authors: Stasielowicz Lukasz
Published: December 2024

People who perceive more opportunities in their occupational future often report better well-being and motivation. A positive correlation with performance has also been reported, but until now, only the relationship with two broad performance dimensions, task and contextual performance, has been examined extensively. Furthermore, performance ratings often rely on self-reports, which can be biased. The present study ( N = 258) helps close these research gaps. First, it examines the relationship between focus on opportunities and a specific performance facet (i.e., adaptive performance). Second, performance is assessed both subjectively and objectively. The distinction proved critical. After adjusting for education, focus on opportunities was related to self-reported adaption to change, but there was no substantial evidence that focus on opportunities promotes objective adaptive performance. Thus, it cannot yet be recommended to use focus on opportunities in organizational and educational contexts for selecting and training highly adaptable employees or students.
Hello, stranger? How attraction trumps interaction in ‘new’ public space
Authors: Bjerkeset Sverre
Published: December 2024

Chance interaction among diverse strangers is a much-celebrated feature of urbanity. The rise in privately owned and managed public spaces, tending to displace people, activities and exchanges that may threaten business interests, has thus raised broad concerns. However, how such ‘new’, high-profile public spaces of the neoliberal or entrepreneurial city differ from ‘traditional’, everyday ones in terms of spontaneous encounters, is not well covered in the ever-growing public space research. Drawing on long-term ethnographic fieldwork in Oslo, Norway, this article explores the occurrence of peaceful chance interactions among strangers in ‘new’ public space. In the two examined urban squares, representing ‘traditional’ and ‘new’ public space, strangers interact on a regularised versus an episodic basis, reflecting major differences in ‘contact-supporting circumstances’. A close reading of the pertinent scholarly literature indicates that these findings have a broader significance. The article’s key contribution is the detailed documentation and conceptualisation of basic circumstances that distinguish a ‘new’ from an ordinary, everyday public space with regards to chance interactions. Herein, the study points to an important shift in urban governance and planning since the 1980s. A market-led notion of attractiveness in the physical and social environment takes centre stage in prestigious urban developments, at the expense of the disordered exchanges of everyday life.
A Cross-Lagged Longitudinal Model of the Relationships Between Self-Compassion, Spiritual Well-Being, and Burnout Among Taiwanese Clergy
Authors: Lee Hsiu-Chi , Fung Joey
Published: December 2024

In this study, we investigated the longitudinal relationships between self-compassion, self-coldness, spiritual well-being, and burnout in a sample of 154 Taiwanese clergy aged 26 to 72 years old ( M = 45.1, SD = 10.8). Results from the bivariate analysis revealed that self-compassion was positively associated with spiritual well-being and negatively associated with burnout. On the contrary, self-coldness was positively correlated with burnout and negatively correlated with spiritual well-being. We then ran a cross-lagged model analysis to examine the longitudinal and reciprocal relationships among the studied variables. Results revealed that clergy’s self-reported self-compassion at baseline predicted higher levels of spiritual well-being 8 months later. Furthermore, clergy burnout at baseline predicted lower levels of self-compassion and spiritual well-being 8 months later. Practical implications of promoting clergy spiritual well-being and protecting them against burnout were discussed.
The role of emotions in discerning God’s will in missions: A comparison of the approaches of Ignatius of Loyola and J. Hudson Taylor
Authors: Lee Jasmine , Hibbert Evelyn
Published: December 2024

Discernment of God’s spiritual leading and an authentic basis for participation in missionary service is a vital foundation for resilience in missions. Additionally, emerging studies on emotions within Christianity demonstrate their being integral to human identity and behavior. The role of emotions in discernment for decision-making in missions has significant implications for motivation for missionary service. Analysis of the role of emotions in decision-making in the spiritualities of two leading historical mission leaders, Ignatius of Loyola and J. Hudson Taylor, reveal five key aspects of discernment. Passion for God and others, indifference to self, spiritual-emotional maturity, the ability to discern and confirm God’s voice, and knowing how to test external signs are all essential for correctly discerning the source of any revelation. Specifically developing these key aspects of discernment would be beneficial for missionary preparation and ongoing spiritual formation.
Novel Otolaryngological and Radiological Manifestations in GAPO Syndrome
Authors: Hamdi Mohammad , Alkheder Ahmad , Hammoud Kinana Jamal , Issa Mohammad Yasin , ALGhabra Yasser , Yousfan Abdulmajeed
Published: December 2024

GAPO syndrome is an exceptionally-rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia, and optic abnormalities, with fewer than 60 cases reported globally. We present the first documented case in Syria, highlighting novel otolaryngological and radiological findings that expand the clinical spectrum of this syndrome. A 27-year-old male presented with chronic right-sided otalgia, unilateral conductive hearing loss, and persistent sinonasal symptoms. Examination revealed hallmark features of GAPO syndrome, including craniofacial anomalies, external auditory canal stenosis, and pseudoanodontia. Computed tomography demonstrated total aplasia of the paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells—findings not previously reported in GAPO syndrome. Audiological evaluation revealed moderate conductive hearing loss attributed to external auditory canal stenosis and eustachian tube dysfunction, contrasting with the predominantly-sensorineural hearing loss reported in earlier cases. Additionally, unique ophthalmic findings, including peripheral congenital cataracts and a myelinated retinal nerve fiber layer, were observed. This case underscores the importance of comprehensive evaluations, including advanced imaging and audiological assessments, in identifying subtle or atypical manifestations of GAPO syndrome. It also highlights challenges in airway management due to craniofacial anomalies. The findings emphasize the necessity for a multidisciplinary approach to optimize care and improve outcomes in patients with GAPO. Further research is needed to clarify genotype-phenotype correlations and refine diagnostic criteria.
Medicinal Plant Use and Diversity in the Urban Area of Idiofa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: De Meyer Emiel , Ceuterick Melissa , Vanhove Wouter , Heytens Jurgen , Mimbu Jean Eden , Van Damme Patrick , de la Peña Eduardo
Published: December 2024

Medicinal plants are being used by communities worldwide to treat various conditions, diseases, and illnesses. Nevertheless, knowledge of their use is rapidly declining due to factors like accelerated urbanization, globalization, and biodiversity loss. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, deforestation, and urbanization are the main drivers of biodiversity loss. In order to gain insight into how urban communities in the Democratic Republic of Congo use medicinal plants, we conducted an ethnobotanical study in the municipality of Idiofa, Kwilu Province. We conducted 30 semistructured interviews with residents of Idiofa. Medicinal plant use was recorded through free-listing, and data on plants used, administration methods, and sources of used plants were collected. We analyzed use values, informants agreement ratios, plant locations, and plant distributions. In total, we recorded 99 plant species from 46 plant families used in 330 preparations to treat 112 conditions. Anthropized habitats were the primary source of medicinal plants, and the set of plant species collected from these habitats was subject to biotic homogenization, a process whereby native biotas are systematically replaced by cosmopolitan non-natives. The reflection of this biodiversity in the plant use repertoires of our participants suggests that the use of easily accessible plant species is being adopted by the inhabitants of Idiofa. We hypothesize that the loss of natural ecosystems and habitats, along with the homogenization of the present plant biodiversity in anthropized and urban areas, might therefore be important but overlooked drivers of spatial ethnobotanical use and knowledge homogenization.