bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First and oldest Leptochirini rove beetles illuminate diverse cephalic structures in the Cretaceous (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae)
Authors: Yamamoto Shûhei , Takahashi Yui
Published: January 2019

Osoriinae is a highly diverse, globally distributed subfamily of rove beetles (Staphylinidae), but only a single Mesozoic species, Mesallotrochus longiantennatus Cai & Huang, in mid‐Cretaceous Burmese amber is known (age c. 99 Ma). Leptochirini, which is primarily found in decaying wood in the tropics, is one of the four tribes of osoriine rove beetles. The diversity of cephalic tooth shapes in adults has attracted special research attention with regard to the evolution and classification of this group. Here, we report two well‐preserved fossils of Leptochirini for the first time from Burmese amber. Together with M. longiantennatus, they represent the oldest osoriines, highlighting the palaeodiversity of the subfamily in Burmese amber. Based on our observations and phylogenetic analyses, a remarkable new genus and species, †Cretochirus newtoni Yamamoto gen. et sp.n., is described. Additionally, a new species, †Priochirus thayerae Yamamoto sp.n., is also described and placed in the extant genus Priochirus Sharp. †Cretochirus gen.n. has a typical body plan of Leptochirini, but it retains several primitive features that have rarely, or never, been known from modern leptochirine taxa, including simple cephalic structures with a largely depressed dorsum, undeveloped cephalic teeth, and the absence of a longitudinal median sulcus of the head, together with the only slightly crenulate external margins of the protibiae. These findings demonstrate the antiquity of Leptochirini rove beetles and even suggest a much older origin of the subfamily. Morphologically diverse leptochirines from Burmese amber also illuminate the remarkable cephalic diversity of the tribe during the Mesozoic. They were already diversified during the mid‐Cretaceous in the tropical forests of Myanmar, and possibly living underneath the bark of rotten wood and logs.

This published work has been registered in ZooBank,
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CC5E81E8‐5621‐44A6‐A247‐A776B14A9191.
Elevated risk for iron depletion in high‐school age blood donors
Authors: Spencer Bryan R. , Bialkowski Walter , Creel Darryl V. , Cable Ritchard G. , Kiss Joseph E. , Stone Mars , McClure Christopher , Kleinman Steven , Glynn Simone A. , Mast Alan E. ,   for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS‐III) Program
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

High school students 16 to 18 years‐old contribute 10% of the US blood supply. Mitigating iron depletion in these donors is important because they continue to undergo physical and neurocognitive development.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Study objectives were to determine the prevalence of iron depletion in 16‐ to 18‐year‐old donors and whether their risk for iron depletion was greater than adult donors. Successful, age‐eligible donors were enrolled from high school blood drives at two large US blood centers. Plasma ferritin testing was performed with ferritin less than 12 ng/mL as our primary measure of iron depletion and ferritin less than 26 ng/mL a secondary measure. Multivariable repeated‐measures logistic regression models evaluated the role of age and other demographic/donation factors.

RESULTS

Ferritin was measured from 4265 enrollment donations September to November 2015 and 1954 follow‐up donations through May 2016. At enrollment, prevalence of ferritin less than 12 ng/mL in teenagers was 1% in males and 18% in females making their first blood donation, and 8% in males and 33% in females with prior donations. Adjusted odds for ferritin less than 12 ng/mL were 2.1 to 2.8 times greater in 16‐ to 18‐year‐olds than in 19‐ to 49‐year‐olds, and for ferritin less than 26 ng/mL were 3.3‐ to 4.7‐fold higher in 16‐ to 18‐year‐olds. Progression to hemoglobin deferral was twice as likely in 16‐ to 18‐year‐old versus 19‐ to 49‐year‐old females.

CONCLUSION

Age 16 to 18 years‐old is an independent risk factor for iron deficiency in blood donors at any donation frequency. Blood centers should implement alternate eligibility criteria or additional safety measures to protect teenage donors from iron depletion.
Chinese‐Australian cultural conceptualisations of ancestor worship, death and family
Authors: Fang Nina
Published: January 2019

Drawing samples from Unpolished gem (2006) and Laurinda (2014) written by second generation migrant writer, Alice Pung, this paper employs the world Englishes and cultural linguistics frameworks to explore cultural conceptualisations of Chinese‐Australian authors in Australian literature. With a particular focus on three main conceptualisations: Family, Death, and Ancestor Worship, this paper examines how these conceptualisations are instantiated in the use of English and the linguistic strategies drawn on by the author, such as proper names, use of kinship honorifics, and the creation of humour. This study indicates that writing in Englishes for second generation migrant writers is a blend of home and host culture, and that their use of English, even though it may be their native tongue, extends beyond a monolingual mindset of linguistic and transcultural creativity, reflecting an idiosyncratic English variety of their own.
Electrochemistry-enabled atomic layer deposition of copper: Investigation of the deposit growth rate and roughness
Authors: Venkatraman Kailash , Gusley Ryan , Lesak Andrew , Akolkar Rohan
Published: January 2019

Electrochemical atomic layer deposition (e-ALD) presents a low-cost, environmentally friendly and scalable approach for the atomically precise fabrication of semiconductor interconnect materials. In the present work, growth rate and roughness evolution during e-ALD of copper (Cu) were analyzed using anodic stripping coulometry, atomic force microscopy, and diffusion-reaction modeling. Through considerations of the unsteady-state diffusional transport of species and their associated surface electrochemical reactions, a semianalytical e-ALD process model is developed. The model enables quantification of the e-ALD growth rate and the deposit surface roughness as a function of various e-ALD process parameters, i.e., electrolyte composition and deposition time. Model predictions are compared with experimental data and good agreement is noted. The model is used to develop guidelines for the selection of optimal process parameters that enable e-ALD of Cu with minimal roughness evolution and a deposit growth rate close to one monolayer-per-cycle.
A Framework for Periodized Nutrition for Athletics
Authors: Stellingwerff Trent , Morton James P. , Burke Louise M.
Published: January 2019

Over the last decade, in support of training periodization, there has been an emergence around the concept of nutritional periodization. Within athletics (track and field), the science and art of periodization is a cornerstone concept with recent commentaries emphasizing the underappreciated complexity associated with predictable performance on demand. Nevertheless, with varying levels of evidence, sport and event specific sequencing of various training units and sessions (long [macrocycle; months], medium [mesocycle; weeks], and short [microcycle; days and within-day duration]) is a routine approach to training periodization. Indeed, implementation of strategic temporal nutrition interventions (macro, meso, and micro) can support and enhance training prescription and adaptation, as well as acute event specific performance. However, a general framework on how, why, and when nutritional periodization could be implemented has not yet been established. It is beyond the scope of this review to highlight every potential nutritional periodization application. Instead, this review will focus on a generalized framework, with specific examples of macro-, meso-, and microperiodization for the macronutrients of carbohydrates, and, by extension, fat. More specifically, the authors establish the evidence and rationale for situations of acute high carbohydrate availability, as well as the evidence for more chronic manipulation of carbohydrates coupled with training. The topic of periodized nutrition has made considerable gains over the last decade but is ripe for further scientific progress and field application.
Nematic-to-columnar mesophase transition by in situ supramolecular polymerization
Authors: Yano Keiichi , Itoh Yoshimitsu , Araoka Fumito , Watanabe Go , Hikima Takaaki , Aida Takuzo
Published: January 2019

Mating disks and rods into an ordered phase

Disk-shaped molecules tend to stack in columns, whereas rod-shaped ones tend to align parallel to each other. When the two types of molecules are mixed, they tend to phase separate. Yano
et al.
found the right recipe that allowed enough affinity between the disks and rods so that they formed a blended twisted columnar phase. The phase could be stabilized by polymerizing the disks. The orientation of the twisted columns could be altered using electric fields, whereas optical stimuli could lead to a second ordering transition.

Science
, this issue p.
161
An evolutionary perspective on immunometabolism
Authors: Wang Andrew , Luan Harding H. , Medzhitov Ruslan
Published: January 2019

Metabolism as a driver of immune response

All living organisms need energy and metabolic building blocks to sustain biological processes. Wang
et al.
review immunometabolism, applying the principles of life history theory. They highlight recent advances showing the reciprocal interactions between systemic metabolism and immunity, as well as how inflammation can alter the functional state of metabolic organs and their central control by the hypothalamus. Such coordinated cross-talk between whole-body and immune cell metabolism is involved in a variety of health and disease states.

Science
, this issue p.
eaar3932
Finite phenine nanotubes with periodic vacancy defects
Authors: Sun Zhe , Ikemoto Koki , Fukunaga Toshiya M. , Koretsune Takashi , Arita Ryotaro , Sato Sota , Isobe Hiroyuki
Published: January 2019

Toward nanotubes with periodic gaps

Carbon nanotubes consist of a continuous array of benzene rings fused along their edges. It is not straightforward to excise regular fragments in a top-down fashion to produce periodic gaps. Sun
et al.
showcase the beginnings of a bottom-up strategy toward this end. They used borylations and catalytic cross-coupling chemistry to prepare a discrete cylindrical carbon compound composed of 40 benzene rings bonded to one another at the 1, 3, and 5 positions to leave regular void spaces in the walls. Catenation of multiple similar segments could ultimately lead to an extended nanotube with periodic wall defects.

Science
, this issue p.
151
Problem-solving males become more attractive to female budgerigars
Authors: Chen Jiani , Zou Yuqi , Sun Yue-Hua , ten Cate Carel
Published: January 2019

Who's a clever boy then?

There is considerable value in choosing a smart mate. The suggestion that mate choice has thus shaped the evolution of cognition has been around since Darwin's time, but testing this hypothesis is difficult. Chen
et al.
found that female budgerigars shifted their preference to previously nonpreferred males after these males demonstrated the ability to solve a problem that stumped the originally preferred males (see the Perspective by Striedter). This preference shift was specific to problem-solving and to choosing males.

Science
, this issue p.
166
; see also p.
120
Emergence of preconfigured and plastic time-compressed sequences in early postnatal development
Authors: Farooq U. , Dragoi G.
Published: January 2019

Memory capabilities develop with age

During memory formation, time-compressed neuronal sequences underlie consolidation as well as encoding of novel information. Such memory traces are largely contributed by a selection of preconfigured neuronal patterns. However, when and how these preconfigured patterns first emerge in the hippocampus is unknown. Farooq and Dragoi identified an age-dependent development of network preconfiguration into trajectory-like sequences. This preconfiguration was expressed spontaneously during sleep and emerged from the assembly of persistent, location-depicting ensembles, largely controlled by intrinsic developmental programs. Thus, the compressed binding of adjacent locations into spatial trajectories during navigation and their experience-dependent replay emerge in coordination from spontaneous preconfigured sequences.

Science
, this issue p.
168
Comment on “Impacts of species richness on productivity in a large-scale subtropical forest experiment”
Authors: Yang Hua , Guo Zhongling , Chu Xiuli , Man Rongzhou , Chen Jiaxin , Liu Chunjiang , Tao Jing , Jiang Yong
Published: January 2019

Huang
et al
. (Reports, 5 October 2018, p. 80) report significant increases in forest productivity from monocultures to multispecies mixtures in subtropical China. However, their estimated productivity decrease due to a 10% tree species loss seems high. We propose that including species richness distribution of the study forests would provide more meaningful estimates of forest-scale responses.
Are clever males preferred as mates?
Authors: Striedter Georg F. , Burley Nancy T.
Published: January 2019

Testing this Darwinian hypothesis is a tough nut to crack
Roles of Efflux Pumps from Different Superfamilies in the Surface-Associated Motility and Virulence of
Acinetobacter baumannii
ATCC 17978
Authors: Pérez-Varela María , Corral Jordi , Aranda Jesús , Barbé Jordi
Published: January 2019

Although the relationship between
Acinetobacter baumannii
efflux pumps and antimicrobial resistance is well documented, less is known about the involvement of these proteins in the pathogenicity of this nosocomial pathogen. In previous work, we identified the AbaQ major facilitator superfamily (MFS) efflux pump and demonstrated its participation in the motility and virulence of
A. baumannii
.
Identification of a Novel Elastin-Degrading Enzyme from the Fish Pathogen
Flavobacterium psychrophilum
Authors: Rochat T. , Pérez-Pascual D. , Nilsen H. , Carpentier M. , Bridel S. , Bernardet J.-F. , Duchaud E.
Published: January 2019

Elastin is an important proteinaceous component of vertebrate connective tissues (e.g., blood vessels, lung, and skin), to which it confers elasticity. Elastases have been identified in a number of pathogenic bacteria. They are thought to be required for tissue penetration and dissemination, acting as “spreading factors.”
Flavobacterium psychrophilum
is a devastating bacterial pathogen of salmonid fish (salmon and trout) that is responsible for severe economic losses worldwide. This pathogen displays strong proteolytic activities. Using a variety of techniques, including genome comparisons, we identified a gene encoding a novel elastase in
F. psychrophilum
. The encoded protein is predicted to be a cell-surface-exposed lipoprotein with no homology to previously reported elastases. In addition, this elastase likely belongs to a new family of proteases that seems to be present only in some members of this important group of bacteria.
Potential Therapeutic Effects of Mepacrine against
Clostridium perfringens
Enterotoxin in a Mouse Model of Enterotoxemia
Authors: Navarro Mauricio A. , Shrestha Archana , Freedman John C. , Beingesser Juliann , McClane Bruce A. , Uzal Francisco A.
Published: January 2019

Clostridium perfringens
enterotoxin (CPE) is a pore-forming toxin that causes the symptoms of common bacterial food poisoning and several non-foodborne human gastrointestinal diseases, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea and sporadic diarrhea. In some cases, CPE-mediated disease can be very severe or fatal due to the involvement of enterotoxemia.
Parental education and adolescent health problems due to violence, self-harm and substance use: what is the role of parental health problems?
Authors: Remes Hanna , Moustgaard Heta , Kestilä Laura M , Martikainen Pekka
Published: January 2019

Background

Adolescent health problems are more prevalent in families with low socioeconomic position, but few studies have assessed the role of parental health in this association. This study examines the extent to which parental health problems, particularly those related to high-risk health behaviour, might explain the association between parental education and adolescent health problems due to violence, self-harm and substance use.

Methods

We used longitudinal register data on a 20% representative sample of all families with children aged 0–14 years in 2000 in Finland with information on parental social background and parental and offspring health problems based on hospital discharge data. We estimated discrete-time survival models with the Karlson-Holm-Breen method on hospital admissions due to violence, self-harm and substance use among adolescents aged 13–19 years in 2001–2011 (n=145 404).

Results

Hospital admissions were 2–3 times more common among offspring of basic educated parents than tertiary educated parents. Similar excess risks were observed among those with parental mental health problems and parental health problems due to violence, self-harm and substance use. The OR for offspring of basic educated parents was attenuated from OR 2.73 (95% CI 2.34 to 3.18) to OR 2.38 (2.04 to2.77) with adjustment for parental health problems, particularly those due to violence, self-harm and substance use. Having both low parental education and parental health problems showed simple cumulative effects.

Conclusions

The excess risks of hospital admissions due to violence, self-harm and substance use among adolescents with lower educated parents are largely independent of severe parental health problems.
Sexual dimorphism of the cuticle and body-wall muscle in free-living mycophagous nematodes
Authors: Ekino T. , Yoshiga T. , Takeuchi-Kaneko Y. , Ichihara Y. , Kanzaki N.
Published: January 2019

Sexual dimorphism in motility-related traits is widespread among animals, including several species of Nematoda. However, no study has examined motility-related structural components and compared them between sexes. We examined the motility-related components in four species: Bursaphelenchus conicaudatus Kanzaki, Tsuda and Futai, 2000; Bursaphelenchus rainulfi Braasch and Burgermeister, 2002; Bursaphelenchus doui Braasch, Gu, Burgermeister and Zhang, 2005; Parasitaphelenchus costati Kanzaki, Ekino, Ide, Masuya and Degawa, 2018. We measured the structure and amount of cuticle and body-wall muscles and estimated their relationship to body diameter or total cross-sectional area. Although no structural differences were observed in muscle, the relevant muscle area of B. doui and P. costati was significantly smaller in females than in males. This difference was greatest in P. costati. In all but B. doui, the relative cuticle thickness was significantly smaller in females than in males. Furthermore, only P. costati females had no striated basal zones in their cuticles; these are thought to be cross-linked proteins that provide strength to nematode cuticle during body movement. These results indicate that sexual dimorphism in motility-related structural components is present in P. costati and that females invest less energy in the components than do males.
Analysis of the public transit accessibility in Changsha City, China, after the introduction of a subway network
Authors: Zhai Xuehao , Zhao Jiahui , Chen Qun
Published: January 2019

Using geographic information systems (GIS) network analysis technology, this paper studied the impact of new subway projects on the accessibility of an urban transit network. First, the status quo of public transit accessibility in Changsha City was estimated using two improved accessibility models: the cumulative opportunity measurement model and the gravity measurement model. Second, the topological structural information of the public transit network and basic public transit data were collected from mapping software. GIS technology was used to build the public transit network. According to the schedules of different subway lines projected to open in the next few years, the impedance of the GIS network was adjusted. Finally, the public transit accessibilities at different stages were calculated with the improved measurement model. Based on the accessibility calculation results at different sites, the development of public transit in Changsha was analyzed using a cluster analysis method.
The evolution of structural and elastic properties of a Zr-based metallic glass upon annealing below glass transition temperature
Authors: Zhang F. , Wang X. C. , Deng P. , Qin X. M. , Tan J.
Published: January 2019

Bulk metallic glasses are often used well below their glass transition temperatures, Tg, because of their change in the physical properties of the material through its glass transition, which is not considered a phase transition; rather it is a phenomenon extending over a range of temperature and is defined by a viscosity threshold of 101 2 Pa ⋅ s. In this work, a Zr-based metallic glass upon annealing below glass transition temperature (Tg–30 K) was quasi-in-situ investigated. The structural and elastic properties were observed carefully by utilizing an in-house designed density testing device and an ultrasonic testing device. We found out that the density, the shear velocity, the longitudinal wave velocity, and the elastic modulus increased through annealing at 719 K for 300, 900 and 1500 s. A possible explanation was presented based on the free volume theory and it was found that the relaxation kinetics in this study obeyed the Kohlraush–Williams–Watts (KWW) relaxation function with [Formula: see text] = 0.420 [Formula: see text] 1 implying that the relaxation mechanisms were multiple ones.
The Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition Uses Convolutional Neural Networks with the GoogLeNet
Authors: Bi Ning , Chen Jiahao , Tan Jun
Published: January 2019

With the outstanding performance in 2014 at the ImageNet Large-Scale Visual Recognition Challenge 2014 (ILSVRC14), an effective convolutional neural network (CNN) model named GoogLeNet has drawn the attention of the mainstream machine learning field. In this paper we plan to take an insight into the application of the GoogLeNet in the Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition (HCCR) on the database HCL2000 and CASIA-HWDB with several necessary adjustments and also state-of-the-art improvement methods for this end-to-end approach. Through the experiments we have found that the application of the GoogLeNet for the Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition (HCCR) results into significant high accuracy, to be specific more than 99% for the final version, which is encouraging for us to further research.
Cell Phenotype Classification Using Deep Residual Network and Its Variants
Authors: Lao Qicheng , Fevens Thomas
Published: January 2019

Deep residual network (ResNet) is currently the basis of many popular state-of-the-art convolutional neural network models for image recognition, and its recent variants include wide residual network (WRN), aggregated deep residual network (ResNeXt) and deep pyramidal residual network (PyramidNet). Here, we demonstrate the potential application of deep residual network and its variants in high-content screening (i.e. cell phenotype classification) that can overcome issues associated with analyzing high-content screening data, such as exhaustive preprocessing and inefficient learning. Cell phenotype classification is an image-based method that can be used for drug high-content screening, in which complex cell states associated with chemical compound treatment can be characterized. Previous work on cell phenotype classification typically requires a routine yet cumbersome step of single cell segmentation before the classification task. In this paper, we present a segmentation-free method for image-based cell phenotype classification using deep ResNet and its variants. The cell images are samples treated with annotated compounds that can be mainly grouped into three clusters, giving three classes to be classified. Instead of single-cell phenotype classification, we use the raw images without segmentation for our training and evaluation directly. Compared to previous reference work, we significantly simplify the data preprocessing step and accelerate the training while still achieving high accuracy. Our trained models achieve a 98.2% accuracy rate on the three classes classification problem (three compound clusters only), and a 93.8% accuracy rate on the four classes classification problem (three compound clusters plus the mock class) based on five-fold cross-validation.
Optimal Simulation of Wind Field under Disaster Conditions based on PSO and Entropic Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Ye Yu , Xu Xunjian , Wu Shifeng , Li Qinpu
Published: January 2019

The entropic lattice Boltzmann method (ELBM) is an excellent method of numerical stability among of different versions of the lattice Boltzmann method for the simulation of hydrodynamics, especially for wind field simulation application of power grid disaster conditions. In this paper, an efficient improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is studied for optimizing calculation parameters to achieve load balancing of ELBM on nonuniform grids in a heterogeneous computing platform. We also introduce a new concept of multi-block ELBM on composite grids for realization of the ELBM simulations of incompressible driven cavity flow. These new approaches rely on a two-dimensional space-time interpolation and solving the relaxation time parameter by direct approximation optimization strategy to guarantee conservation. Our CPU–GPU implementation of multi-block ELBM based on the improved PSO algorithm not only exploits adequately multi-core CPU computing resources for load balancing, but also follows carefully optimized storage to increase coalesced access on a GPU platform. The three-dimensional-driven cavity flow simulations validate the proposed multi-block ELBM even with severely under-resolved grids. In addition, some performance metrics are investigated based on the implementations of different refined grids and threading blocks. These results exhibit the improved PSO algorithm of the ELBM method which can optimize computing resource parameters in heterogeneous platforms, and the present multi-block ELBM can substantially improve the accuracy and computational efficiency for viscous flow computations.
Hierarchical Optimization of Electric Vehicle System Charging Plan Based on the Scheduling Priority
Authors: Ni Feng , Yan Linfang , Wu Ke , Shi Mengxuan , Zhou Jianyu , Chen Xia
Published: January 2019

Unregulated charging of a large number of electric vehicles (EVs) simultaneously may cause electricity shortages and price spikes in the power market. This paper deals with the optimization of EV charging strategy using the priority sequence. Firstly, the evaluation indices such as the schedulable interval ratio, the emergency probability and the battery losses are proposed. Then a comprehensive evaluation system for the EV scheduling priority is established by adopting the entropy weight method to incorporate multiple indices. Based on the scheduling priority obtained, a double-hierarchical optimal model is proposed, taking into account the constraints such as the demand of the EV owner. Its upper objective aims to minimize the sum of the square of deviation between the actual and the required schedulable capacity of EV aggregator over every interval. The lower one minimizes the sum of EV scheduling priority sequence over the scheduling interval. Case studies with 100 EVs show that the hierarchical optimization model can assist EV aggregator in making effective charging scheme. It is also observed that better flexibility for dispatching EVs can be achieved using multiple indices with weights.
Low-complexity computations for nilpotent subgroup problems
Authors: Macdonald Jeremy , Miasnikov Alexei , Ovchinnikov Denis
Published: January 2019

We solve the following algorithmic problems using [Formula: see text] circuits, or in logspace and quasilinear time, uniformly in the class of nilpotent groups with bounded nilpotency class and rank: subgroup conjugacy, computing the normalizer and isolator of a subgroup, coset intersection, and computing the torsion subgroup. Additionally, if any input words are provided in compressed form as straight-line programs or in Mal’cev coordinates, the algorithms run in quartic time.
Cold atom quantum simulator for dilute neutron matter
Authors: Horikoshi Munekazu , Kuwata-Gonokami Makoto
Published: January 2019

The internal structure of neutron stars and the physical properties of nuclei depend on the equation of state (EOS) of neutron matter. Dilute neutron matter is a quantum system of spin-1/2 Fermi particles interacting via s-wave scattering. Although a nuclear system and an ultracold atomic system have length scales and energy scales that differ by several orders of magnitude, both systems follow a common universal EOS considering their nondimensional universal interaction parameters. In this study, we determine the EOS of neutron matter in the dilute region, where the influence of the s-wave scattering length is dominant but that of the effective range is small, by utilizing a quantum simulator of ultracold 6Li atoms with Feshbach resonance.
Dense-plasma screening effects on the thermonuclear 3H(2H,n)4He fusion reaction
Authors: Arani M. Moeini
Published: January 2019

We investigate the dense-plasma screening effects on the thermonuclear [Formula: see text] fusion reaction. In this study, we focus on the strong screening with the weak quantum effect in the thermonuclear region. At the first step, we calculate the cross-section and [Formula: see text]-factor of the bare [Formula: see text] fusion using a model inspired by halo/cluster effective field theory approach. The evaluations of the plasma screening corrections in the [Formula: see text]-factor and the reaction rate would be studied in the next step. Concentrating on the thermonuclear region, we use the Salpeter’s potential justifying the electron cloud around reactant as an incompressible and uniformly charged liquid drop. Finally, we show the changes in the [Formula: see text]-factor and production rate due to the screening electrons.
Pseudo null curve variations for Bishop frame in 3D semi-Riemannian manifold
Authors: Özdemi̇r Zehra
Published: January 2019

In the present paper, the relation between invariants of the pseudo null curves and the variational vector fields of semi-Riemannian manifolds is introduced. After that, the Killing equations are written in terms of the Bishop curvatures along the pseudo null curve. By means of this approach, Killing equations make allow to interpret the movement of charged particles within the magnetic field. Afterwards, as an application, pseudo null magnetic curves are defined using the Killing variational vector field. The parametric representations of all pseudo null magnetic curves are determined in semi-Riemannian space form. Moreover, various examples of pseudo null magnetic curves are illustrated.
MMALFM
Authors: Cheng Zhiyong , Chang Xiaojun , Zhu Lei , Kanjirathinkal Rose C. , Kankanhalli Mohan
Published: January 2019

Personalized rating prediction is an important research problem in recommender systems. Although the latent factor model (e.g., matrix factorization) achieves good accuracy in rating prediction, it suffers from many problems including cold-start, non-transparency, and suboptimal results for individual user-item pairs. In this article, we exploit textual reviews and item images together with ratings to tackle these limitations. Specifically, we first apply a proposed multi-modal aspect-aware topic model (MATM) on text reviews and item images to model users’ preferences and items’ features from different
aspects
, and also estimate the
aspect importance
of a user toward an item. Then, the aspect importance is integrated into a novel aspect-aware latent factor model (ALFM), which learns user’s and item’s latent factors based on ratings. In particular, ALFM introduces a weight matrix to associate those latent factors with the same set of aspects in MATM, such that the latent factors could be used to estimate aspect ratings. Finally, the overall rating is computed via a linear combination of the aspect ratings, which are weighted by the corresponding aspect importance. To this end, our model could alleviate the data sparsity problem and gain good interpretability for recommendation. Besides, every aspect rating is weighted by its aspect importance, which is dependent on the targeted user’s preferences and the targeted item’s features. Therefore, it is expected that the proposed method can model a user’s preferences on an item more accurately for each user-item pair. Comprehensive experimental studies have been conducted on the Yelp 2017 Challenge dataset and Amazon product datasets. Results show that (1) our method achieves significant improvement compared to strong baseline methods, especially for users with only few ratings; (2) item visual features can improve the prediction performance—the effects of item image features on improving the prediction results depend on the importance of the visual features for the items; and (3) our model can explicitly interpret the predicted results in great detail.
Global Patterns of Carbon Dioxide Variability from Satellite Observations
Authors: Jiang Xun , Yung Yuk L.
Published: January 2019

Advanced satellite technology has been providing unique observations of global carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. These observations have revealed important CO2 variability at different timescales and over regional and planetary scales. Satellite CO2 retrievals have revealed that stratospheric sudden warming and the Madden-Julian Oscillation can modulate atmospheric CO2 concentrations in the mid-troposphere. Atmospheric CO2 also demonstrates variability at interannual timescales. In the tropical region, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation can change atmospheric CO2 concentrations. At high latitudes, mid-tropospheric CO2 concentrations can be influenced by the Northern Hemispheric annular mode. In addition to modulations by the large-scale circulations, sporadic events such as wildfires, volcanic eruptions, and droughts, which change CO2 surface emissions, can cause atmospheric CO2 concentrations to increase significantly. The natural variability of CO2 summarized in this review can help us better understand its sources and sinks and its redistribution by atmospheric motion. ▪ Global satellite CO2 data offer a unique opportunity to explore CO2 variability in different regions. ▪ Atmospheric CO2 concentration demonstrates variations at intraseasonal, seasonal, and interannual timescales. ▪ Both large-scale circulations and variations of surface emissions can modulate CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere.
Advanced Techniques for Hyperspectral Imaging in the Food Industry: Principles and Recent Applications
Authors: Ma Ji , Sun Da-Wen , Pu Hongbin , Cheng Jun-Hu , Wei Qingyi
Published: January 2019

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a technology integrating optical sensing technologies of imaging, spectroscopy, and chemometrics. The sensor of HSI can obtain both spatial and spectral information simultaneously. Therefore, the chemical and physical information of food products can be monitored in a rapid, nondestructive, and noncontact manner. There are numerous reports and papers and much research dealing with the applications of HSI in food in recent years. This review introduces the principle of HSI technology, summarizes its recent applications in food, and pinpoints future trends.
Immunometabolism: A Multi-Omics Approach to Interpreting the Influence of Exercise and Diet on the Immune System
Authors: Nieman David C. , Lila Mary Ann , Gillitt Nicholas D.
Published: January 2019

Immunometabolism is an evolving field of scientific endeavor that merges immunology and metabolism and has provided valuable context when evaluating the influence of dietary interventions on exercise-induced immune dysfunction. Metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics provide a system-wide view of the metabolic response to exercise by simultaneously measuring and identifying a large number of small-molecule metabolites, lipids, and proteins. Many of these are involved with immune function and regulation and are sensitive to dietary influences, especially acute carbohydrate ingestion from either sugar beverages or fruits such as bananas. Emerging evidence using large multi-omics data sets supports the combined intake of fruit sugars and phytochemicals by athletes during heavy exertion as an effective strategy to improve metabolic recovery, augment viral defense, and counter postexercise inflammation and immune dysfunction at the cell level. Multi-omics methodologies have given investigators new outcome targets to assess the efficacy of various dietary interventions for physiologically stressed athletes.
Self-Awareness: Nucleic Acid–Driven Inflammation and the Type I Interferonopathies
Authors: Uggenti Carolina , Lepelley Alice , Crow Yanick J.
Published: January 2019

Recognition of foreign nucleic acids is the primary mechanism by which a type I interferon–mediated antiviral response is triggered. Given that human cells are replete with DNA and RNA, this evolutionary strategy poses an inherent biological challenge, i.e., the fundamental requirement to reliably differentiate self–nucleic acids from nonself nucleic acids. We suggest that the group of Mendelian inborn errors of immunity referred to as the type I interferonopathies relate to a breakdown of self/nonself discrimination, with the associated mutant genotypes involving molecules playing direct or indirect roles in nucleic acid signaling. This perspective begs the question as to the sources of self-derived nucleic acids that drive an inappropriate immune response. Resolving this question will provide fundamental insights into immune tolerance, antiviral signaling, and complex autoinflammatory disease states. Here we develop these ideas, discussing type I interferonopathies within the broader framework of nucleic acid–driven inflammation.
Conical Intersections at the Nanoscale: Molecular Ideas for Materials
Authors: Levine Benjamin G. , Esch Michael P. , Fales B. Scott , Hardwick Dylan T. , Peng Wei-Tao , Shu Yinan
Published: January 2019

The ability to predict and describe nonradiative processes in molecules via the identification and characterization of conical intersections is one of the greatest recent successes of theoretical chemistry. Only recently, however, has this concept been extended to materials science, where nonradiative recombination limits the efficiencies of materials for various optoelectronic applications. In this review, we present recent advances in the theoretical study of conical intersections in semiconductor nanomaterials. After briefly introducing conical intersections, we argue that specific defects in materials can induce conical intersections between the ground and first excited electronic states, thus introducing pathways for nonradiative recombination. We present recent developments in theoretical methods, computational tools, and chemical intuition for the prediction of such defect-induced conical intersections. Through examples in various nanomaterials, we illustrate the significance of conical intersections for nanoscience. We also discuss challenges facing research in this area and opportunities for progress.
The Return of the Single-Country Study
Authors: Pepinsky Thomas B.
Published: January 2019

This article reviews the changing status of single-country research in comparative politics, a field defined by the concept of comparison. An analysis of single-country research published in top general interest and comparative politics journals reveals that single-country research has evolved from an emphasis on description and theory generation to an emphasis on hypothesis testing and research design. This change is a result of shifting preferences for internal versus external validity combined with the quantitative and causal inference revolutions in the social sciences. A consequence of this shift is a change in substantive focus from macropolitical phenomena to micro-level processes, with consequences for the ability of comparative politics to address many substantive political phenomena that have long been at the center of the field.
Causal Modeling in Environmental Health
Authors: Bind Marie-Abèle
Published: January 2019

The field of environmental health has been dominated by modeling associations, especially by regressing an observed outcome on a linear or nonlinear function of observed covariates. Readers interested in advances in policies for improving environmental health are, however, expecting to be informed about health effects resulting from, or more explicitly caused by, environmental exposures. The quantification of health impacts resulting from the removal of environmental exposures involves causal statements. Therefore, when possible, causal inference frameworks should be considered for analyzing the effects of environmental exposures on health outcomes.
Memórias do silêncio em “A manta do soldado” de Lídia Jorge
Authors: Oliveira Lígia Vanessa Penha
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo trata de considerações críticas e teóricas sobre os diferentes tipos de memória e a forma como são evocados no romance A manta do soldado (2003), de Lídia Jorge, nesta obra, a narradora e também protagonista, inominada, procura construir através da memória e das informações que obtém de sua família sobre seu pai, sua relação parental. Nesse sentido buscamos analisar o romance A manta do soldado, com foco na temática da memória, além de elucidar o caminho percorrido pela protagonista da obra, que problematiza a difícil construção de sua identidade. As memórias sofrem interferências e se distorcem com a passagem do tempo e da imaginação, que alteram a visão dos fatos. Assim também refletiremos sobre a importância do espaço e de sua representação para a conservação e evocação da memória para a filha do Walter Dias. As reflexões suscitadas no presente artigo têm como aporte teórico as postulações de Paul Ricouer (2007) Maurice Halbwachs (2006), Gaston Bachelard (1993), Michel Polak (1989) e Joël Candau (2016).
Entrevista com Isabela Figueiredo
Authors: Salles Penélope Eiko Aragaki
Published: January 2019

Entrevista  realizada por Penélope Eiko Aragaki Salles, mestre em Letras e aluna egressa do Programa de Estudos Comparados de Literaturas de Língua Portuguesa, do Departamento de Língua Clássicas e Vernáculas da Universidade de São Paulo, no dia 27 de julho de 2018 na Pousada do Ouro Paraty em Paraty.
A paisagem como questão política para Ruy Duarte de Carvalho
Authors: Klipel Renata De Oliveira , Basto Maria-Benedita
Published: January 2019

Este artigo propõe uma leitura do caráter político que o autor angolano Ruy Duarte de Carvalho percebe na paisagem, no livro As paisagens propícias (2005). Dedicando sua produção literária à preservação da memória dos povos Kuvale, povos nômades, rurais, analfabetos e ambicionando manter vivas as suas tradições e o seu modo de vida, Ruy Duarte acaba por propor reflexões sobre as consequências do colonialismo na sociedade angolana que aderiu aos valores da civilização ocidental.
Entrevista com a cineasta Maria Clara Escobar sobre seu filme Os dias com ele
Authors: Kinzo Carla Moreira
Published: January 2019

Entrevista com a cineasta Maria Clara Escobar sobre seu documentário Os dias com ele, lançado em DVD pelo Instituto Moreira Salles.
Uma doutora na universidade e na escola pública estadual: confluências
Authors: Moscardini Lígia
Published: January 2019

Trajetória entre a graduação e a pós-graduação em Universidade pública e exercício da docência.
Interobserver Variability in Applying American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging 2016 Guidelines for Estimation of Left Ventricular Filling Pressure
Authors: Nagueh Sherif F. , Abraham Theodore P. , Aurigemma Gerard P. , Bax Jeroen J. , Beladan Carmen , Browning Alyssa , Chamsi-Pasha Mohammed A. , Delgado Victoria , Derumeaux Genevieve , Dolci Giulia , Donal Erwan , Edvardsen Thor , El Tallawi Kinan Carlos , Ernande Laura , Esposito Roberta , Flachskampf Frank A. , Galderisi Maurizio , Gentry James , Goldstein Steven A. , Harb Serge C. , Hubert Arnaud , Hung Judy , Klein Allan L. , Lancellotti Patrizio , Mahmood Redah Z. , Marino Paolo , Popescu Bogdan A. , Previato Martina , Sanghai Saket R. , Smiseth Otto A. , Xu Jiaqiong ,   for Diastolic Function Assessment Collaborators
Published: January 2019

Background:

Assessment of left ventricular (LV) filling pressure is among the important components of a comprehensive echocardiographic report. Previous studies noted wide limits of agreement using 2009 American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Echocardiography guidelines, but reproducibility of 2016 guidelines update in estimating LV filling pressure is unknown.

Methods:

Echocardiographic and hemodynamic data were obtained from 50 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for clinical indications. Clinical and echocardiographic findings but not invasive hemodynamics were provided to 4 groups of observers, including experienced echocardiographers and cardiology fellows. Invasively acquired LV filling pressure was the gold standard.

Results:

In group I of 8 experienced echocardiographers from the guidelines writing committee, sensitivity for elevated LV filling pressure was 92% for all observers, and specificity was 93±6%. Fleiss κ-value for the agreement in group I was 0.80. In group II of 4 fellows in training, sensitivity was 91±2%, and specificity was 95±2%. Fleiss κ-value for the agreement in group II was 0.94. In group III of 9 experienced echocardiographers who had not participated in drafting the guidelines, sensitivity was 88±5%, and specificity was 91±7%. Fleiss κ-value for the agreement in group III was 0.76. In group IV of 7 other fellows, sensitivity was 91±3%, and specificity was 92±5%. Fleiss κ-value for the agreement in group IV was 0.89.

Conclusions:

There is a good level of agreement and accuracy in the estimation of LV filling pressure using the American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging 2016 recommendations update, irrespective of the experience level of the observer.
Antithrombotic Therapy After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Guedeney Paul , Mehran Roxana , Collet Jean-Philippe , Claessen Bimmer E. , ten Berg Jurriën , Dangas George D.
Published: January 2019

The performance of transcatheter aortic valve replacement has expanded considerably during the past decade. Technological advances and refinement in implantation techniques have resulted in improved procedural outcomes, whereas indications are progressively extending toward lower-risk patients. Ischemic/embolic complications and major bleeding remain important and strongly correlate to mortality. In this regard, the optimal antithrombotic regimen after successful transcatheter aortic valve replacement remains unclear, in the absence of randomized trials. For patients without an indication for oral anticoagulation, empirical treatment with dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin plus clopidogrel) for 3 to 6 months is currently recommended. However, dual antiplatelet therapy has been preliminarily associated with increased risk of bleeding compared with single antiplatelet therapy without significant ischemic benefit. Non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants and warfarin have also entered clinical investigation, to address the issue of preexisting or new-onset of atrial fibrillation and potentially attenuate subclinical leaflet thrombosis. Clinical trials are necessary to systematically address the risks and benefits of these approaches. In this review, we present the pathophysiological mechanisms of post-transcatheter aortic valve replacement complications and provide updated insights on the rationale behind the various antithrombotic regimens being currently evaluated in large randomized trials.