bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kualitas spermatozoa ayam kampung pada suhu 50C dengan lama simpan yang berbeda
Authors: Kusumawati Enike Dwi , Naga Basrilius Herbi , Susanto Waluyo Edi
Published: February 2020

Tujuan penelitian adalah  untuk mengetahui kualitas spermatozoa ayam Kampung pada suhu 50C dengan lama simpan yang berbeda. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian  adalah semen ayam kampung berasal dari 2 ekor ayam Kampung. Penelitian terdiri atas perlakuan lama simpan 0,3,6,9 jam dan diulang 10 kali setiap perlakuan. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian dianalisis menggunakan analisis of variance. Metode penelitian yang dilaksanakan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan memberikan hasil yang berbeda sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap motilitas, viabilitas dan abnormalitas spermatozoa pada suhu 5 0C. Standar untuk IB pada motilitas, viabilitas dan abnormalitas (40:80:20). Penurunan setiap perlakuan 0,3,6 dan 9 jam pada  motilitas (100±0d, 26,2±2,62c, 17,6±2,45b dan 5,9±0,99a) dan viabilitas (100±0d, 73,4 ± 5,81c, 63,9 ± 5,25b dan 45,9 ± 4,95a). Pada abnormalitas terjadi peningkatan setiap perlakuan dengan nilai 0 ± 0a, 0,3±0,48a ,0,6±0,69a dan 1,2±0,78b. Perlakuan lama simpan 0 jam lebih baik dari 3, 6 dan 9 jam. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas semen ayam Kampung  yang disimpan pada suhu 5 0C dengan lama simpan yang berbeda yang meliputi motilitas, viabilitas dan abnormalitas spermatozoa yang digunakan  untuk IB dan sesuai standar hanya mampu bertahan sampai lama simpan kurang dari 3 jam. Kelayakan untuk IB hanya bertahan pada lama simpan kurang dari 3 jam, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengetahui tepatnya pada jam ke berapa semen layak untuk dilakukan (IB).
The use of nanotechnology in the manufacture of castings
Authors: Lysenko T. V. , Jasjukov V. V. , Voronova O. I. , Kozishkurt E. N. , Kreitser K. A.
Published: February 2020

Nanoscale particles (1 nm = 10-9 m), entered into the melt, allow to obtain castings from iron-carbon and non-ferrous alloys with a homogeneous fine-grained structure in different sections. The use of nanomaterials changes the modes of consolidation of components of composite castings, increases the stability of technological processes, and provides technological reliability of cast parts. The control of the castings structure in the presence of nanoparticles is achieved by the presence of a physical interface with the liquid phase, which determines the heterogeneous crystallization mechanism.
Battery Ageing as Part of the System Design of Battery Electric Urban Bus Fleets
Authors: Ufert M. , Bäker B.
Published: February 2020

The lifetime of traction battery systems is an essential feature of the economy of battery electric urban bus fleets. This paper presents a model for the analysis and prediction of the lifetime of urban electric bus batteries. The parameterization of the model is based on laboratory measurements. The empirical ageing model is an integral part of a three-stage battery model, which in turn is an important component of the methodology for the overall system design, evaluation and optimisation of battery electric urban bus fleets. In an equidistant closed simulation loop, the electrical and thermal loads of the traction battery are determined, which are then used in the ageing model to calculate the SOH (state of health) of the battery. The closed simulation loop also considers the effects of a constantly changing SOH on the driving dynamics of the vehicles. The model for lifetime analysis and prognosis is presented in the paper, placed in the context of the overall system design and demonstrated by means of a practice-oriented example. The results show that the optimal system design depends, among other things, on whether an ageing simulation was used. Taking battery aging into account, system costs in the example presented can be reduced by up to 17 %.
Optimized Data Exchange Process between Design and Production Engineering
Authors: Kreis A. , Hirz M.
Published: February 2020

Growing vehicle variant diversity, legal requirements to reduce fleet CO2 emissions and innovations in the area of drive train technologies, coupled with the increasing pressure to cut costs, pose new challenges for parties in the automotive sector. An implementation of optimized development and production processes supports the effective handling of these challenges. One important aspect includes engineering efficiency improvement by optimizing the entire automotive bodywork development process and the involved data management. Research activities focus on the data exchange processes between design, simulation and production engineering within various CAx environments. This concerns constantly changing boundary conditions and requirements in the area of automotive body development, including but not limited to the introduction of new materials and material combinations and new types of joining technologies. From the viewpoint of an automotive engineering supplier, additional challenges caused by different customer-related development environments have to be considered. To overcome these challenges, various data exchange strategies between OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturer), automotive suppliers and the use of different data management tools need to be investigated. In this context, the paper presents an approach of an optimized data exchange process of CAD-based data between different CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) environments that supports the entire body development, including data provision for manufacturing engineering. In addition, an optimization of data exchange processes saves development costs and improves the product quality.
Improving the Brake Control Effectiveness of Vehicles Equipped with a Pneumatic Brake Actuator
Authors: Bogomolov V. , Klimenko V. , Leontiev L. , Ryzhyh L. , Smyrnov O. , Kholodov M.
Published: February 2020

This paper proposes a way to determine a rational connection between a two-section or three-section brake valve and the main brake system circuits of a wheeled vehicle equipped with simplex or duo-duplex brake gears. The aim is to determine a rational option to connect main brake system circuits with a brake valve to guarantee the maximum effectiveness of an emergency brake system if any device of the brake actuator of a multiaxle wheeled vehicle is out of order, using the methods of combinatorics. The feature of the proposed way, determining the rational connection of a brake valve with the main brake system circuits of a multiaxle wheeled vehicle, is the application of combinatorics methods, taking into account the features of a brake valve design. New mathematical interconnections between the quantities of the connection points of circuits and simplex and duo-duplex brake gears enable us to determine the rational scheme of the application of the brake gear circuits of a multiaxle wheeled vehicle. Mathematical expressions that enable us to compute the number of possible connection points of two-section and three-section brake gears and simplex and duo-duplex brake gears, which are installed on the axles of a multiaxle wheeled vehicle, have been determined. It is proposed to use a universal mathematical dependence to determine the number of rational options to connect the brake actuator circuits of a multiaxle wheeled vehicle. The diagram of the calculated scheme of the connection between circuits and the two-section or three-section brake valve of simplex or duo-duplex brake gears is presented. It simplifies the determination of the number of rational options to connect brake actuator circuits with the brake gears and brake valve of a multiaxle wheeled vehicle. In review the analysis of requirements to be fulfilled in accordance with international standards is provided and the evaluation of the effectiveness of the emergency brake system of some wheeled vehicles is carried out. The general concept to determine the rational layout of the emergency brake system of a multiaxle wheeled vehicle on the basis of the arrangement schemes of the connection between two-section or three-section brake valves and simplex and duo-duplex brake gears is proposed.
Survival and prognostic factors analyses in malignant giant cell tumor of bone
Authors: Zhang Jin , Wang Xin , Lin Feng , Xu Guijun , Wu Haixiao , Duan Jincai , Mao Min , Zhang Chao
Published: February 2020

Background: The characteristics and survival in patients with malignant giant tumor cancer of bone (GCTB) have not been investigated thoroughly due to the limited population. We evaluated the issues based on a large cohort in the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.
Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with malignant GCTB from 1975 to 2016 were extracted from the SEER database. The overall survival (OS) was calculated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and the inter-group difference was tested by log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression were conducted to identify the independent survival factors.
Results: A total of 325 patients with malignant GCTB were included. The overall 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 94.3% (95% CI: 91.7-96.8), 82.3% (95% CI: 77.9-86.6), and 80.1% (95% CI: 75.4-84.7), respectively. In the univariate analysis, age older than 34 years, grade IV, T2/3 stage, M1, distant and surgery of the primary site were independent factors for worse survival. Multivariate Cox regression showed the poor survival in patients with age older than 34 years (hazard ratio (HR) =3.65, 95% CI: 2.04-6.56, P <0.001), T2 stage (HR=4.85, 95% CI: 1.52-15.47, P =0.008), and distant tumor (HR=2.93, 95% CI: 1.24-6.88, P =0.014), and the extra-skeletal sites (HR=8.84, 95% CI: 2.89-27.07, P <0.001), respectively.
Conclusions: This large population-based series described the clinical characteristics of the malignant GCTB. Age >34 years, T2, distant stage and extra-skeletal sites were associated with worse survival in the patients with malignant GCTB.
Outcome of multidisciplinary management of adrenocortical carcinoma: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhu Jiawei , Zheng Ziye , Shen Jing , Lian Xin , Miao Zheng , Shen Jie , Zhang Fuquan
Published: February 2020

Background: Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and highly malignant tumor with a high recurrence rate. Reoperation to attain negative resection margin is recommended for selected patients. However, there is limited data on the outcome of unresectable recurrent tumor treated with palliative radiotherapy (RT) and transhepatic arterial embolization (TAE).Method: A retrospective analysis of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital was conducted. Patients with pathologically confirmed ACC were included.Result: Ninety-two patients fulfilled the criteria. The 5-year, 3-year, 1-year overall survival (OS) rates were 27.2%, 44.6% and 71.7% respectively, and median OS was 32.1 months. Age < 50 years, ENSAT stage I/II, surgery and negative surgical margin were associated with improved OS (all P <0.05). A Ki67 index < 20% was a predictor of better disease-free interval (P =0.011). Of 51 patients with recurrent ACC, local treatment (reoperation, palliative RT and TAE) improved OS after recurrence from 14.5 months to 41.6 months. Local therapy and mitotane were both prognostic factors for improved OS after recurrence.Conclusion: multidisciplinary treatment is the major therapeutic approach for ACC. Resectable cases should receive complete resection to attain negative margin. Local treatment such as palliative RT and TAE may extend OS for unresectable recurrence.
Postsurgical recurrence and metastasis of rectal cancer with T1N0M0 stage
Authors: Wang Min , Cao Lanqing , He Hongyu , Wang Shuang , Li Jiannan
Published: February 2020

Background: Post-surgical recurrence and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) with T1N0M0 pathological stage hardly occur. Case presentation: We reported a rare case of post-surgical recurrence and distant metastasis of CRC with T1N0M0 pathological stage. Before the first surgery, electric coloscopy and following pathology examination suspected the rectal mass as adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent radical surgery of the rectal tumor. Postsurgical pathology confirmed the diagnosis of rectal adenocarcinoma with the stage of T1N0M0. At about 3.5 years post the first surgery, the chest and abdominal computed tomography (CT) indicated multiple metastasis in both lungs, a small hepatic cyst, gallstones, flaky shadows in the left 10th rib, the thickening of the intestinal wall of sigmoid colon, pelvic fluid, and bone destruction in the sacral area. The pathology confirmed the recurrence of the rectal adenocarcinoma. As a result, sigmoidectomy, recrectomy, and sigmoid colostomy (Hartmman) were performed. Tumor recurrence and metastasis occurred in this case and Hartmann surgery was performed to improve the life quality of the patient. Conclusion: Although, most of the CRC patients with T1N0M0 pathological stage can recover well after radical tumor resection, timely reexamination and specific diagnosis and treatment plan should still be noted.
Prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation among reproductive age women in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Atlaw Daniel , Seyoum Kenbon , Gezahegn Habtamu
Published: February 2020

Background: - Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the most common harmful traditional practice. Which is characterized by partial or total removal of the female external genitalia for non-therapeutic reasons. Globally, FGM affects about 130 million women and girls. Female Genital cutting (FGC) is a harmful traditional practice which affects the physical and mental health of girls and women.
Methods: - Review and meta-analysis was conducted using the guideline of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Both published and unpublished articles were searched. Articles were searched from different databases like PubMed, Popline, AJOL, EMBASE and gray literature like Google scholar and Google. Articles were searched using terms like “ prevalence ”, “ magnitude”, “female genital cutting” “female genital mutilation”, and “female circumcision” . Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal-Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies were used to assess the quality of the included paper. Egger’s test and I 2 statistics were used to assess Publication bias and heterogeneity respectively.
Result and discussion: - About thirteen studies with total participants of 7850 were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of female genital mutilation among reproductive age women in Ethiopia was 87.5%: 95% CI (84.25, 90.78). ). I square test statistics showed high heterogeneity (I 2 =94.4, p=0.000) and Egger’s test was done to check for publication bias, but the test has revealed that there is no statistical significant publication bias (p-value=0.374).
Conclusion: - The pooled prevalence of female genital mutilation is high in Ethiopia. Subgroup analysis does not revealed significant difference among different region found in the country.
Identification of a metabolic signature genes predicting overall survival for Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wu Zenghong , Zhou Wen
Published: February 2020

Background: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common head and neck malignancy that originates from lips, mouth, paranasal sinuses, oropharynx, larynx, nasopharynx, and other pharyngeal cancers. Since high-throughput expression data is now available, it is feasible to use global gene expression data to analyze the relationship between metabolic-related gene expression and clinical outcomes in HNSCC patients. Method: In this study, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from cancer genomic maps (TCGA) and validated in the GEO dataset to shine the dysfunctional metabolic microenvironment and given potential biomarkers for metabolic therapy.Results: TCGA database contained 529 patients and 327 metabolic genes (198 upregulated and the largest logFC is CA9; 129 downregulated and the largest logFC is CA6. Cox regression model found 51 prognosis‐related genes and we found the most high-risk gene was LCLAT1 (HR=1.144, 95% CI=1.044~1.251); the most low-risk gene was CHDH (HR=0.580, 95% CI=0.400~0.839). We next study whether metabolic-related genes patterns could serve as an early predictor of incidence of HNSCC by ROC curve and the model demonstrated an AUC of 0.745 in TCGA and 0.618 in GEO. Meanwhile, the predictor of clinicopathological in HNSCC was also analyzed and we found the AUC for age, gender, grade, stage, T, M and N were 0.520, 0.495, 0.568, 0.606, 0.577, 0.476 and 0.673, respectively in TCGA and the AUC for age, gender, stage, T, M, N, smoking and HPV16-pos were 0.599, 0.531, 0.622, 0.606, 0.616, 0.550, 0.614, 0.519 and 0.397 respectively in GEO.Conclusion: Our research found a novel metabolic signature gene for HNSCC prognosis prediction based on the TCGA dataset. Our signatures may reflect metabolic microenvironment disorders and provide useful biomarkers for metabolic therapy and response treatment prediction.
IgG4-related autoimmune hepatitis with pathological characteristics of giant-cell hepatitis: A case report
Authors: Wen Tan You , Sheng Jianhui , Zhou Xingbei
Published: February 2020

Background ：Immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-positive plasma cells are thought to be present in some cases of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and giant-cell hepatitis (GCH) or synchronous giant hepatocytes are rare in some patients with AIH. Case presentation : A 68-year-old woman was hospitalized with asthenia, poor appetite, and yellow urine for more than 20 days. accompanied by obvious abnormal liver function, elevated IgG and IgG4 levels. Liver biopsy was performed, and the pathology showed extensive proliferation of fibrous tissue, formation of pseudolobules, moderate and severe interfacial inflammation, bridging necrosis and fibrosis, edema of hepatocytes as rosette-forming cells, multinucleated hepatocytes in each portal area, extensive monocyte lymph infiltration, dense plasma cells in the portal area, and positive plasma cells stained by IgG4 (more than 10 per portal area). The pathological diagnosis was IgG4-related AIH and GCH. Methylprednisolone was administered (20 mg/day). Two weeks later, her liver function gradually improved, and the immune indexes began to decline. Conclusion: we report a case of cirrhosis caused by AIH, which has the characteristics of IgG4 correlation and GCH in the hepatic pathology. Whether there is an inevitable relationship between them remains unclear.
MicroRNA expression profile in the N2 phenotype neutrophils of colorectal cancer and screen of putative key mircRNAs
Authors: Wang Liang , Yang Jun , Huang Jian , Wen Zheng-Qi , Xu Ning , Liu Xuan , Zhang Jian-Hua , Li Wen-Liang
Published: February 2020

Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive tract, which accounts for 10% of all the malignant tumors in the world. The aim of this study was to identify key genes and miRNAs in CRC diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy and to further explore the potential molecular mechanisms of CRC.Methods: The infiltration and metastasis of neutrophils in Primary colorectal cancer tissue and Paracancerous tissue were observed by immunohistochemical staining. After inducing N2 neutrophils with TGF-β1 in vitro, exosomes were extracted and sequenced, and then the expression differences of microRNAs were screened by using Agilent microRNA microarrays. The data were imported to the Web CARMA for differential expression analysis. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed using DIANA-MirPath v3.0 using Targetscan database. And the corresponding targets were imported into Gephi for network analysis. The expression level of differentially expressed microRNA using quantitative Realtime polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was validated.Results: A total of 2 miRNAs were found to be associated with N2 neutrophils, in which the expression of hsa-miR-4780 was upregulated and the expression of hsa-miR-3938 was downregulated in N2 neutrophils, compared with the neutrophils. In addition, the results of miRNA-targets networks showed that the hsa-mir-3938 and hsa-mir-4780 could regulate TUSC1 and ZNF197. The expression level of hsa-miR-4780 and hsa-miR-3938 were validated in accordance with the results of RT-PCR.Conclusion: The hsa-mir-3938 and hsa-mir-4780 were differentially expressed between N2 neutrophils and neutrophils. Moreover, the regulation of TUSC1 and ZNF197 by these DEmiRNA established the theoretical basis for the mechanism of N2 type neutrophils regulating the invasion and metastasis of CRC cells, and provided the potential biomarker for prognosis for clinical treatment of CRC
THE ORIGIN OF SPECULATIVE CAPITAL AND DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR ROLE IN FINANCIAL CAPITAL CIRCUIT
Authors: Burdenko I.
Published: February 2020

Financial capital, which functions separately from real capital, in violation of the persistent historical and economic interdependence between them, which is manifested in the redistribution of value created by real capital through financial capital, is fictitious. Experts believe that the share of speculative capital in world financial flows is approximately 85%, and only 15% is from the real economy sector. In the context of globalization and the widening gap between real and financial capital, which affect the firmness and stability of the financial system, the process of generating fictitious capital, especially in times of instability and crisis, speculative capital is given priority and derivative financial instruments are a form of its realization. The rapid development of derivative financial instruments, within the limits of the global economy, has changed, apart from the ratio of speculative to real capital, also basic perceptions of the traditional phases of society development, the division of economic sectors and types of capital, which serves them through financial markets. At the same time, the creation of derivative financial instruments provided a deeper goal – objectification of an abstract risk. This is what defined and defines the nature of global capital flows through these financial instruments and what distinguishes this class of financial derivatives in from commodity derivatives in. The article defines the place of speculative capital as a form of fictitious capital through the lens of highlighting the phases of development of society, the division of sectors of the economy and the types of capital that serves them.Derivative financial instruments have been proven to be a qualitatively new form of both fictitious capital and speculative capital, which is in circulation in the tertiary financial market and serves the needs of the tertiary and quaternary sectors of the economy in the post-industrial stage of world economic development. The origin and main characteristics of speculative capital have been identified.
Keywords:
financial market, financial capital, fictitious capital, speculative capital, derivative financial instruments.
PROVIDING INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Tielietov O. , Lazorenko V.
Published: February 2020

The article proposes innovative methods of development of educational process in higher education institutions (ZVO) of Ukraine. The educational services market has an unstable situation. ZVO needs to be viewed from the perspective of adapting to the changing situation in the educational services market. The example of the university examines the essence of innovative development of ZVO, foreign experience and scientific approach to evaluating the innovation potential of a similar institution. The main factors of external and internal influence on innovative development and innovative potential of the university and stages of its development are determined.
It has been shown that innovation is based on increasing the interest of students and teachers in obtaining and selecting new ideas, their relevance to modern scientific and technological progress, financial support and creating an overall favorable environment for innovation implementation. Various innovative methods of pedagogy have always been successfully used in the educational process, the basis of which is the interactivity and maximum closeness to the real professional activity of the future specialist. Attempts by individual teachers to diversify the learning process should be widely supported by students. The importance of maintaining the university's innovation potential has been proven, as the amount of research conducted on the university's base and publications made on its behalf contributes to a better investment climate for employers by employers. Thanks to quality education, the University can benefit not only for its own success, but also to raise the city's rating, to further attract students, tourists and businessmen.
The experience of recent years shows that it is much more difficult to implement a certain idea in Ukrainian educational institutions than in Europe or the USA, for example, so in domestic defense institutions they often rely on foreign experience rather than support new ideas from their own participants in the educational process.
Keywords:
institution of higher education, ZVO, innovative development, innovative potential, innovative teaching methods.
The morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of Pratylenchus vulnus Taiwan strawberry isolate
Authors: Lin Yu-po , Lee Wan-chun , Chung Pei-che , Yang Jiue-in
Published: February 2020

Pratylenchus vulnus was discovered in nematode-distributing fields from symptomatic seedling roots and corresponding rhizosphere soil on strawberry farms in Taiwan. Microscopic measurements and scanning electron microscope observations of both sexes of the nematode coincided with the general morphological descriptions of the species. Four different types of female tail termini were observed, including pointed, digitate, smooth and tapering. Molecular analysis of the ribosomal RNA sequence (SSU, ITS and LSU regions) and the mitochondria COI gene sequences confirmed the species identification. Phylogenetic analysis suggested no specific geographic linkage of the Taiwan population to other previously reported populations.
Cryphodera gayae n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), from root of Lagerstroemia indica in Korea
Authors: Kang Heonil , Seo Jongmin , Han Garam , Kim Donggeun , Choi Insoo
Published: February 2020

A new non-cyst forming nematode, Cryphodera gayae n. sp., was found from the root of crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) in Korea. Female C. gayae n. sp. appears pearly white when young, has protruding vulval lips, flat to concave anus-vulva profile and has three lateral lines in J2s. Morphologically, Cryphodera gayae n. sp. is most similar to C. brinkmani but differ by the tail shape of J2 (sharply pointing with constriction at the middle of hyaline without mucro tip vs. sharply pointing with mucro-like tip), shorter stylet length of J2 (26.8–31.3 µm vs 31.6–35.4 µm), stylet knob shape of J2 (flat posteriorly vs concave), number of eggs in female (64–69 vs 15–45). C. gayae n. sp. differs from C. kalesari by the longer vulva-anus distance (51.9–54.1 µm vs 35 µm), the bigger body size of female (363.1–544.6 µm vs 272–353 µm in length), in J2, the longer tail length (59.6–76.7 µm vs 27–54 µm), longer hyaline length (31.7–47.8 µm vs 18–26 µm) and the shape of tail (sharply pointing with constriction at the middle of hyaline vs narrow rounded without constriction). From C. sinensis, the new species differs by the longer J2 tail length (59.6–76.7 µm vs 52.0–65.0 µm) and longer hyaline portion (31.7–47.8 µm vs 24.5–35.0 µm) of J2. C. gayae n. sp. and can be distinguished from the remaining four species, C. eucalypti, C. podocarpi, C. nothophagi and C. coxi, by the shape of the J2 tail terminus (sharply pointing tip with constriction at the middle of hyaline vs narrow rounded) and the shape of the vulval lips (pronounced protruding vs protruding slightly out of body contour). Molecular analysis shows that C. gayae n. sp. is the most similar to C. sinensis with the identity of sequence 95% on the rRNA LSU D2–D3 segments and the highest match with C. brinkmaini with 88% identity on the ITS region.
Description of Hirschmanniella dicksoni n. sp. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) from rhizosphere soil of limpograss from Florida, USA
Authors: Habteweld Alemayehu W. , Akyazi Faruk , Joseph Soumi , Crow William T. , Abebe Eyualem , Mekete Tesfamariam
Published: February 2020

Hirschmanniella dicksoni n. sp. isolated from the rhizosphere soil of limpograss is described and illustrated based on morphology and molecular characters. The new species is characterized by its body length, 1,582 to 1,929 µm, hemispherical lip region with 6 to 7 annules, stylet length 19 to 21 µm, irregularly areolated lateral fields, oval spermatheca filled with rounded sperm, intestine not overlapping the rectum, and tail length 103 to 149 µm, usually with ventral projection with subterminal notch. Males are similar to the females except for their shorter body length and presence of secondary sexual characteristics, with spicules length 19 to 30 µm. The new species is closely related with H. mucronata, H. belli, and H. oryzae. Compared with these three species, the new species has a relatively longer tail and a terminus shape tail with a ventral projection with a subterminal notch. Other morphological and morphometric characteristics that separate these species are as follows: lip region, number of lip annuli, and spicules length. Molecular sequence analysis using the D2–D3 expansion segments of 28S and the ITS rRNA sequences showed that the new species is genetically distinct. D2–D3 sequence of H. dicksoni n. sp. showed 99 and 95% sequence homology with an undescribed species of Hirschmanniella isolated from the Colorado River in Yuma, Arizona, and H. oryzae, respectively. ITS sequence of the new species also showed 88% sequence homology with H. oryzae. The phylogenetic analysis of D2–D3 and ITS region grouped H. dicksoni n. sp., as sister species, with H. oryzae.
Digitalization in the Community-based Tourism Development in Peripheral Areas: A Case Study of Sumbermanjing Wetan Village, Malang Regency
Authors: Rini Ayu Dwidyah
Published: February 2020

The paradigm of digital-based peripheral area tourism development is carried out within a broader development of technology and communication in Indonesia. This is done as a way to reduce the level of disparity between the city and the peripheral region. This study examines the paradigm of local communities related to digital-based tourism development. This digital-based tourism development is illustrated through the case of community-based tourism in the Sumbermanjing Wetan area of Malang Regency. This article shows that community participation in tourism is classified into three forms of local participation. First, digital-based tourism can be solutions for tourism development in the Sumbermanjing Wetan region. Second, the community also understand the digitalization of tourism as an effort to alleviate poverty and improve the welfare of local communities. Third, digital-based tourism can be the strategy for improving the quality of life of the Sumbermanjing Wetan community.
The Predatory State and Radical Politics: The Case of the Philippines
Authors: Maboloc Christopher Ryan Baquero
Published: February 2020

This paper examines why the radical approach to politics of President Rodrigo Duterte, halfway into his term, has not overcome the predatory nature of the Philippine state. The predatory nature of the state implies that politics in the country is still defined by vested interests. The struggle of the Filipino is largely due to the structural nature of the injustices suffered by the country. Duterte’s brand of politics is antagonistic. The president is a polarizing figure. Despite the declaration that he will punish corrupt officials, traditional politicians and elite clans continue to rule the land with impunity. The country’s political ills are actually systemic. Elitism is rooted in colonial history that is perpetuated by an inept bureaucracy. It will be argued that the strong resolve and charisma of a leader is inadequate to remedy the troubles in fledgling democracies such as the Philippines.
Investigation of polar mobile organic compounds (PMOC) removal by reverse osmosis and nanofiltration: rejection mechanism modelling using decision tree
Authors: Teychene B. , Chi F. , Chokki J. , Darracq G. , Baron J. , Joyeux M. , Gallard H.
Published: February 2020

Polar mobile organic compounds (PMOC) are highly polar chemicals and tend to accumulate in short water cycles. Due to their properties, PMOC might be partially eliminated by advanced water treatment technologies. The goal of this study is to investigate the rejection of 22 PMOC (highly mobile and persistent) by reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The impact of transmembrane pressure was evaluated through laboratory-scale cross-flow constant pressure filtration tests. Among the investigated experimental conditions, PMOC rejection with NF at eight bars is comparable to values obtained on RO at 15 bars. Negatively charged PMOC are highly rejected by both RO and NF membranes while guanidine-like compounds exhibit higher passage values and are strongly impacted by transmembrane pressure. In order to model the rejection mechanism, decision tree methodology was employed to link PMOC physicochemical properties to rejection values. Based on laboratory-scale results, decision trees were computed and emphasized that the NF rejection mechanism is governed by electrostatic interaction and sieving effects. In contrast, PMOC rejection on the RO membrane strongly depends on the topological polar surface area (TPSA) of the PMOC. This study suggests that micropollutant TPSA should be more investigated in order to describe RO removal efficiency. Moreover, it is shown that the decision tree is a powerful numerical tool in order to reveal the specific sequence leading to micropollutant removal by RO and NF membranes.
Membrane filtration coupled with wet air oxidation for intensified treatment of biorefractory effluents
Authors: Pinchai C. , Monnot M. , Lefèvre S. , Boutin O. , Moulin P.
Published: February 2020

This work aims to analyse the performances of a new hybrid process: membrane filtration to concentrate biorefractory wastewater before treatment by a hydrothermal process such as wet air oxidation. The aim is to obtain a complete discharge of the effluent in the environment. The three different synthetic wastewaters under study were pharmaceutical wastewater, grey wastewater and bilge wastewater. The results of the membrane filtration showed high retention rates as it could reach between 75% and 100% of total organic carbon retention, more than 99% of turbidity removal and more than 70% of hydrocarbon retention. Moreover, it was possible to achieve high concentration factors comprised between 17 and 40 times. Membrane fouling was chemically reversible regardless of the type of pollution. Then, the treatment of the membrane retentates by wet air oxidation process (300 °C, 15 MPa) could eliminate more than 83% of organic pollution for all the tested effluents. In summary, the hybrid intensified process could finally decrease the volume and the waste load of wastewater before possibly discharging it into the environment.
Apropiaciones sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología en la caficultura en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Palmor y Río Piedras, Magdalena, Colombia)
Authors: De La Hoz Montes Mirleydis , Perafán-Ledezma Astrid , Martínez-Dueñas William Andrés
Published: February 2020

La Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) es un espacio de gran complejidad socio-cultural y biofísica, lo cual se ve expresado en prácticas agrícolas concretas, como la caficultura, producto de procesos sociopolíticos, economías transnacionales e intervenciones tecnocientíficas. En este artículo analizamos las relaciones sociomateriales que se dan entre los diferentes actores humanos y no humanos que participan en los procesos de transferencia de tecnología para la producción de café propiciados por la Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia y los caficultores de la SNSM (Palmor y Río Piedras, Magdalena, Colombia). De este modo se mostrará el entramado de relaciones culturales, sociales, agrícolas, políticas, tecno-científicas y económicas que reconfiguran constantemente la producción de café y la finca cafetera. El enfoque que guía este artículo se enmarca en los estudios sociales y culturales de la ciencia y la tecnología, donde la apropiación social de la ciencia y la tecnología (ASCyT) la entendemos como el proceso de encuentro, diálogo, negociación y reconfiguración de conocimientos y prácticas sobre la caficultura donde intervienen un grupo heterogéneo de actores humanos y no humanos, procesos y dispositivos sociotécnicos. El método utilizado fue el etnográfico y la revisión de archivo que permitieron explorar aspectos referentes a la historia de la conformación de estos lugares desde el siglo XIX, la producción de café y la manera como los caficultores vienen negociando y apropiando conocimientos y prácticas para el cultivo del café. Como resultado se hizo visible que en los procesos de transferencia de nuevas tecnologías participan y confluyen diferentes actores humanos (caficultores, extensionistas) y no humanos (semillas, plantas, herramientas, análisis de suelos) lo cual implica diversos procesos de negociación que se expresan a través de una pluralidad de maneras en que es apropiada la tecnología por parte de los caficultores en función de aspectos políticos (conflictos internos), económicos (crisis) y ecológicos (alteraciones del ambiente). Como conclusión se propone entender la transferencia y apropiación no como la generación de productos finales que se adoptarán por públicos considerados no expertos, sino como elementos y espacios de diálogo para la negociación de la realidad en contextos social y políticamente heterogéneos; así mismo la ASCyT no sería el fin último del desarrollo científico sino una estrategia para evaluar con los diferentes actores las implicaciones de asumir tecnologías y conocimientos tecnocientíficos, evitando la homogenización epistémica y resaltando las condiciones e historias diversas que caracterizan la caficultura y sus sujetos.
Pesca artesanal en la Isla de San Andrés: entre la cooperación y el cooperativismo
Authors: Olmos-Pinzón Antonio
Published: February 2020

El presente trabajo estudia la cooperación que sustenta la permanencia de la pesca artesanal de San Andrés en las cooperativas y asociaciones. Dicha cooperación se entendió como un valor que denota acción colectiva en torno a objetivos comunes. La metodología propuesta se basó, en primer lugar, en revisión bibliográfica que diera cuenta de algunos factores históricos que han configurado las condiciones de la pesca artesanal, tales como las trayectorias de especialización e institucionalización de la pesca y las continuidades socioculturales vigentes en las relaciones sociales entre pescadores. Y, en segundo lugar, en un estudio de caso en la cooperativa de pescadores artesanales “Coopesbi”, identificando normas, roles y valores que emergen de la práctica de la pesca. Se encontró que la cooperación está atravesada por lógicas que conjugan pautas de conducta provenientes tanto del cooperativismo como de los marcos históricos y normativos de la pesca artesanal. En este sentido, se presenta un análisis sobre la forma en que el cooperativismo ha sido apropiado e hibridado por los pescadores artesanales de San Andrés.
Transactional or transformational leadership? The speech of five rectors of Mexican universities: An approximation
Authors: Valles Ruiz Rosa María
Published: February 2020

The general objective of this article is to identify and reflet on the type of leadership exercised by five university rectors women in Mexico, through the analysis of journalistic discourse, based on the paradigm of transformational / transactional leadership, the typology with a gender perspective approach proposed by Burín (traditional, transactional and innovative), part of the analysis model of journalistic discourse proposed by Gutiérrez-Vidrio and three categories of stylistic analysis proposed by Prieto-Castillo. Among the results, the categories of coincidences and specificities were highlighted. The speech of three rectors is highlighted since it is inscribed in the transformational and / or innovative model, signified by the breakdown of traditional schemes and a strong presence of three variables: inspirational, ethical and vision of the future. On the other hand, the speech of two rectors can be framed in a leadership called "transition" from the known and accepted to the current. To exercise the position of rector means, for them, a continuum of the role assigned to women from long ago: to be at the service of others. The academic environment would be the terrain where "family culture" is incorporated. However, this singularity makes it clear that none of the five, specifically the last two rectors mentioned, follow the traditional scheme yet, since the academic environment in which they operate has facets that establish the difference within the family environment itself. The theoretical model assumed for the analysis of the discourse was relevant since it helped identifying the typology of the leadership and to reflect on the traditional scheme assigned to women and explained by the approach of the gender perspective. A broader corpus and the integration of more variables would deepen the type of leadership exercised or exercised by the rectors in Mexico.
Sobre el café y las ciencias sociales
Authors: Martínez Dueñas William Andrés
Published: February 2020

Cuántas páginas de las ciencias sociales se han escrito en compañía de una taza de café, cuánto café hemos tomado mientras las leemos y qué discusiones sobre lo humano se han avivado con sorbos de expreso y tinto. Pero estas no son las únicas influencias del café en los relatos sobre lo social, su protagonismo en los colectivos no solo se performa como líquido, sino que toma muchas otras apariencias influenciando la historia de maneras inesperadas.
Recent Advances in c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) Inhibitors
Authors: Li Gang , Qi Wenqing , Li Xiaoxun , Zhao Jinwu , Luo Meihua , Chen Jianjun
Published: February 2020

c-Jun N-Terminal Kinases (JNKs), members of the Mitogen-Activated Protein
Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, play a key role in the pathogenesis of many diseases
including cancer, inflammation, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular
disease, obesity, and diabetes. Therefore, JNKs represent new and excellent target by therapeutic
agents. Many JNK inhibitors based on different molecular scaffolds have been
discovered in the past decade. However, only a few of them have advanced to clinical trials.
The major obstacle for the development of JNK inhibitors as therapeutic agents is the JNKisoform
selectivity. In this review, we describe the recent development of JNK inhibitors,
including ATP competitive and ATP non-competitive (allosteric) inhibitors, bidentatebinding
inhibitors and dual inhibitors, the challenges, and the future direction of JNK inhibitors
as potential therapeutic agents.
Analysis of the Clinical Diagnostic Value of GMFB in Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Yuan Zhaohu , Yu Zhiwu , Zhang Yiyu , Yang Huikuan
Published: February 2020

Background:

Glial Maturation Factor Beta (GMFB) is a highly conserved brain-enriched
protein implicated in immunoregulation, neuroplasticity and apoptosis, processes central to neural injury
and repair following cerebral ischaemia. Therefore, we examined if changes in neurocellular GMFB
expression and release can be used to assess brain injury following ischaemia.

Methods and Results:

Immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and
ELISA were used to measure GMFB in cultured neurons and astrocytes, rat brain tissues and plasma
samples from stroke model rats and stroke patients, while cell viability assays, TTC staining and micro-
PET were used to assess neural cell death and infarct severity. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry
revealed GMFB expression mainly in astrocyte and neuronal nuclei but also in neuronal
axons and dendrites. Free GMFB concentration increased progressively in the culture medium during
hypoxia-hypoglycaemia treatment. Plasma GMFB concentration increased in rats subjected to middle
cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO, a model of stroke-reperfusion) and in stroke patients. Plasma
GMFB in MCAO model rats was strongly correlated with infarct size (R2=0.9582). Plasma GMFB
concentration was also markedly elevated in stroke patients within 24 h of onset and remained elevated
for more than one week. Conversely, plasma GMFB elevations were not significant in myocardial infarct
patients and stroke patients without infarction.

Conclusion:

GMFB has the prerequisite stability, expression specificity and response dynamics to
serve as a reliable indicator of ischaemic injury in animal models and stroke patients. Plasma GMFB
may be a convenient non-invasive adjunct to neuroimaging for stroke diagnosis and prognosis.
Novel Phospholipid-Based Labrasol Nanomicelles Loaded Flavonoids for Oral Delivery with Enhanced Penetration and Anti-Brain Tumor Efficiency
Authors: Wang Gang , Wang Junjie , Guan Rui
Published: February 2020

Background:

Owing to the rich anticancer properties of flavonoids, there is a need for their
incorporation into drug delivery vehicles like nanomicelles for safe delivery of the drug into the brain
tumor microenvironment.

Objective:

This study, therefore, aimed to prepare the phospholipid-based Labrasol/Pluronic F68 modified
nano micelles loaded with flavonoids (Nano-flavonoids) for the delivery of the drug to the target
brain tumor.

Methods:

Myricetin, quercetin and fisetin were selected as the initial drugs to evaluate the biodistribution
and acute toxicity of the drug delivery vehicles in rats with implanted C6 glioma tumors after oral administration,
while the uptake, retention, release in human intestinal Caco-2 cells and the effect on the brain
endothelial barrier were investigated in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HBMECs).

Results:

The results demonstrated that nano-flavonoids loaded with myricetin showed more evenly
distributed targeting tissues and enhanced anti-tumor efficiency in vivo without significant cytotoxicity
to Caco-2 cells and alteration in the Trans Epithelial Electric Resistance (TEER). There was no pathological
evidence of renal, hepatic or other organs dysfunction after the administration of nanoflavonoids,
which showed no significant influence on cytotoxicity to Caco-2 cells.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, Labrasol/F68-NMs loaded with MYR and quercetin could enhance antiglioma
effect in vitro and in vivo, which may be better tools for medical therapy, while the pharmacokinetics
and pharmacodynamics of nano-flavonoids may ensure optimal therapeutic benefits.
2,5-Dihydroxyterephthalic Acid Accelerated Cu(NO3)2.3H2O-Catalyzed Homocoupling Reaction of Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Wu Fengtian , Nan Chenlong , Xie Jianwei , Ma Mingyang
Published: February 2020

A catalyst system derived from commercially available Cu(NO3)2.3H2O and 2,5-
dihydroxyterephthalic acid is applied to the homocoupling reaction of arylboronic acids. This transformation
provides a convenient approach to symmetrical biaryls with good to excellent yields (39%-
95%), and exhibits good functional group compatibility. Furthermore, biaryl can be prepared in gram
quantities in good yield.