bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fault‐tolerant operation for five‐phase permanent magnet synchronous machine drives with five‐phase six‐leg inverter
Authors: Wu Lijian , Yi Jiali , Lyu Zekai , Hu Sideng
Published: March 2024

Five‐phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) can operate under open‐circuit faults with the appropriate current regulations. However, the traditional current regulations based on the five‐phase half‐bridge inverter have to satisfy the constraint of zero neutral point current, which limits the fault‐tolerant performance of the machine. Thus, this paper investigates the current regulation based on the five‐phase six‐leg (FPSL) inverter, which relieves the zero‐neutral point current limitation, and both current regulations considering the maximum torque (MT) and minimum copper loss (MC) are derived under different open‐circuit conditions. The cost of the system has increased, but with the new regulations, better fault‐tolerant operation capability of the machine can be obtained under all kinds of open‐circuit faults. Moreover, with the introduction of the neutral point current, the machine can work under triple‐phase open‐circuit faults. In conclusion, the proposed control scheme based on the FPSL inverter expands the fault‐tolerant operation capability of the five‐phase PMSM. The experiment results prove the effectiveness of the proposed current regulation on increasing average torque or reducing copper loss under fault‐tolerant operation.
Zonotope approximation based flexible cluster division method for load‐side resource scheduling
Authors: Yao Zongjun , Zhang Tieyan , Huang Jinfeng
Published: March 2024

In view of the insufficient flexibility and adjustment capabilities caused by the high proportion of renewable energy connected to the distribution network and the limitations of the source‐side adjustment method, a load‐side resource flexibility cluster partitioning method based on zonotope approximation is proposed to cope with the flexibility adjustment requirements brought by uncertain resources. First, the constraint space of load‐side resources such as energy storage, multi‐source mobile energy storage, electric vehicles, and temperature‐controlled loads is described as a convex polyhedral form general model based on the virtual battery framework, and the zonotope approximation is used to integrate its constraint space with the Minkowski sum. Secondly, modularity and flexibility supply and demand balance index are proposed to perform flexibility clustering of load‐side resources. Then, the minimum comprehensive operating cost of the cluster aggregator is set as the optimization goal, the cluster constraint space is equivalent to the cost function, and the optimal charging and discharging power and flexibility adjustment capacity of the load‐side resources are obtained. Finally, the method proposed here is verified through numerical example simulation to effectively balance aggregation accuracy and calculation speed.
FDPA internet of things system for forest fire detection, prediction and behaviour analysis
Authors: Alkhatib Ahmad A. A. , Jaber Khalid Mohammad
Published: March 2024

The escalating issue of forest fires poses severe risks to ecosystems and human habitats, primarily due to the greenhouse effect and sudden climate changes. These fires, mostly occurring naturally, necessitate prompt detection and control. Addressing this, the authors introduce the Forest Fire Detection, Prediction, and Behaviour Analysis (FDPA) system, an innovative Internet of Things (IoT) solution. The FDPA system leverages a wireless sensor network to efficiently detect and analyse fire behaviour, providing real‐time data on fire spread, speed, and direction. Uniquely, it can anticipate natural fires hours before they occur by monitoring ecological parameters such as humidity, temperature, and using the Chandler Burning Index (CBI) for quantifying fire danger. Designed for the challenging forest environment, the FDPA system prioritises minimal power usage and simple components, crucial in areas with limited power resources. Its resilient design ensures the wireless sensor network and sensor nodes withstand harsh weather and fire conditions, maintaining functionality and reliability. Field tests of the FDPA system in various Jordanian forest locations, including Burgish–Ajloun, have demonstrated its effectiveness. The trials revealed the system's capability in early fire detection, low latency response, predicting fire behaviour, and determining fire spread direction. Continuous monitoring of the forest ecosystem and rapid detection allow authorities to act swiftly, preventing potential fires from escalating. Furthermore, the system tracks ecological changes within the forest, offering insights into imminent natural fires. This feature enables proactive measures to mitigate fire spread, safeguarding the environment and nearby communities. The strategic placement of sensor nodes and the use of durable yet straightforward components reduce the risk of system damage due to environmental extremities. Overall, the FDPA system emerges as a promising tool for forest fire management. Its ability to detect, predict, and analyse forest fires in real‐time positions it as a vital asset in minimising the detrimental impacts of forest fires on the environment and human settlements.
Un mécanisme temporel pour la génération de la diversité neuronale
Authors: Ricquebourg Rebekah , Konstantinides Nikolaos
Published: March 2024

L’un des plus grands défis des neurosciences est de comprendre comment une structure complexe, telle que le cerveau, se construit. L’encodage spatial et temporel des progéniteurs neuronaux permet la génération de l’essentiel de la diversité neuronale. Cette revue se concentre sur l’expression séquentielle de facteurs de transcription temporels, qui modifie la capacité des cellules souches à générer différents types de neurones et qui est conservée chez plusieurs espèces animales. Des publications récentes ont permis, en particulier, une compréhension fine de ce processus au cours du développement du système visuel de la drosophile, en éclairant la manière dont il contribue à la spécification de diverses identités neuronales. Le système visuel des insectes constitue un modèle unique pour étudier l’évolution des mécanismes neurodéveloppementaux qui génèrent la diversité neuronale.
Dynamic analysis of liquid permeability in the dripping zone of blast furnace and reaction behavior at the slag-coke interface
Authors: Deng Yong , Liu Ran , Li Tao , Gao Yanjia , Yao Kuo , Wang Laixin
Published: March 2024

The dripping zone connects the cohesive zone and the hearth, it is one of the key areas of the blast furnace (BF). This study aims to explore the mechanism of the dripping process in BF. The dripping experiments under different conditions were carried out. Dynamics of liquid permeability in the dripping zone was analyzed, the reaction behavior at the slag-coke interface was investigated, and the consumption of coke in the dripping zone was clarified. The results show that: The retention ratio increases with the increase of Al2O3 content. The increase in retention ratio is related to the viscosity of slag. Once the Al2O3 content in slag increases, Si4+ coordination polymer ions in tetrahedra will be replaced by Al3+ cations, forming a tetrahedral structure of [AlO4]5– tetrahedron. The retention ratio decreases with the increase of FeO content. The dissociation of free oxygen ions (O)2– from FeO increases the concentration of free oxygen ions (O)2– in slag, this reduces the viscosity of slag. The presence of FeO can compensate for the increase in retention ratio caused by Al2O3. The quantitative relationship between retention ratio and Al2O3 content and FeO content in slag is obtained. The reduction reaction of FeO occurs at the slag-coke interface, the molten iron takes on the shape of small iron beads, which is the result of multiple small droplets gathering. The reduction of TiO2 is carried out by a series of reactions, the Ti exhibits a granular embedding state in molten iron, its color is darker than that of molten iron and its particles have distinct edges and corners. In the slag-coke area of retained sample, the reduction reaction occurs between coke and oxides in slag. The carbon will be consumed, resulting in a decrease in particle size. In the iron-coke area of retained sample, the carburization reaction occurs in large quantities due to the carbon content of molten iron in hearth is undersaturated, coke is further consumed.
Risk of Early Childhood Caries Estimated by Maternal Dental Caries during Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Thearawiboon Sunithi , Rojanaworarit Chanapong
Published: March 2024

Objective Public policy promoting prenatal dental care to provide long-term prevention of early childhood caries (ECC) in offspring would require evidence regarding the ECC risk associated with maternal dental caries during pregnancy. This study evaluated that association using a design capable of assessing temporal relationships and considered a directed acyclic graph to guide the adjustment of pertinent confounders.

Materials and Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 158 mother–child dyads attending care at Prachathipat Hospital, Pathum Thani, Thailand. Maternal dental caries data at their first visits to prenatal oral care from February 2012 to May 2017 were traced forwardly to match the oral health data of offspring who visited the hospital from May 2013 to March 2018.

Results Univariable and multivariable fractional logit regression models along with the calculation of average marginal effects revealed that children born to two categories of mothers with 1 to 5 and ≥6 carious teeth during pregnancy would averagely develop 4.5 to 5 and 7.9 to 8.8 more carious teeth per 100 teeth than dental caries would occur in offspring of caries-free mothers.

Conclusion This evidence identified the role of maternal dental caries during pregnancy as a significant clinical risk indicator for ECC and supported the provision of prenatal dental care for mothers to prevent ECC in offspring.
SFM Fetal Therapy Practice Guidelines: Bipolar Cord Coagulation
Authors: Makam Adinarayan , Sharma Aparna , Bhatt Reema
Published: March 2024

Bipolar cord coagulation is modality available for the treatment of monochorionic diamniotic twins with any one of the following indications: discordant anomalous fetus, severe selective Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (type 2 and type 3) in very preterm and premature fetuses, and selected cases of twin-twin transfusion syndrome when LASER photocoagulation is not feasible. Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence with polyhydramnios and cardiac overload in pump twin, Multifetal reduction involving MCDA pair.
The Role of Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content in Diagnosing Iron Deficiency in Childhood Cancer
Authors: Andriastuti Murti , Fathinasari Anisa Dwi , Fahriyani Afifa , Widiatmika Kanthi Soraca , Salsabila Khansa , Primacakti Fitri
Published: March 2024

Background The prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children with cancer is not well studied. The detection of ID and IDA using sensitive laboratory tools may facilitate early diagnosis and treatment in this cohort. In this regard, reticulocyte hemoglobin (Ret-He) content serves as a cost-effective measurement that remains unaffected by inflammation, unlike the ferritin test.

Aim The objective of this study is to analyze the role of Ret-He as a diagnostic tool to identify functional and absolute ID and IDA in children with cancer.

Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in children aged 0 to 18 years. Blood samples were collected to compare Ret-He values with iron status, reflected by hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum iron (SI), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin and transferrin saturation. The overall discriminative power of Ret-He in detecting ID and IDA was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results Of the 135 children included in the study, 58 (43.0%) had anemia. Among them, 20 (14.8%) had IDA (8 [5.9%] absolute and 12 [8.9%] functional), while 25 (18.5%) had ID (16 [11.9%] absolute and 9 [6.7%] functional). The Ret-He value was significantly related to iron status (p ≤ 0.002). Ret-He was also shown to have a significant correlation with the abovementioned hematological parameters (p = 0.000), except TIBC. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between Hb (p = 0.051), MCH (p = 0.000), and MCHC (p = 0.001) and Ret-He. Ret-He values of 33.7, 32.7, 32.4 and 28.6 pg were established as optimal cut-off values to identify functional ID, absolute ID, functional IDA, and absolute IDA, respectively.

Conclusion Ret-He is a reliable diagnostic tool for absolute and functional IDA in children with cancer.
SFM Fetal Therapy Practice Guidelines: Open Fetal Surgery
Authors: Bhatt Reema , Krishnan Vivek , Saha Anusmita
Published: March 2024

Open fetal surgery allows for surgical intervention on the fetus while maintaining placental perfusion, with the objective of prolonging intrauterine gestation as long as feasible after an operation. Fetal spina bifida utero repair, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, lower urinary tract obstruction/bladder outlet obstruction, and fetal lung masses are the pathologies that can be treated with open fetal surgery. With the availability of minimally invasive techniques, the open technique is not the primary choice of treatment; however, it is prominently used for meningomyelocele repair.
Nonvascularized Bone Grafting for Scaphoid Nonunion
Authors: López Viviana M. Serra , Wolfe Scott W.
Published: March 2024

Background Surgical management of scaphoid nonunions requires not only stable fixation but restoration of carpal alignment and reconstruction of bone defects. The latter can be done with either vascularized or non-vascularized bone grafts, depending largely on surgeon preference.

Materials and Methods  This article describes the use of non-vascularized bone grafts for scaphoid nonunions and examines reported outcomes. We also describe the senior author's preferred surgical treatment, the hybrid Russe procedure.

Description of Technique The hybrid Russe procedure utilizes a corticocancellous strut from the volar aspect of the distal radius to restore anatomy in scaphoid nonunions with flexion deformities. Once the alignment of the scaphoid and associated lunate postural deformities are corrected, fixation then proceeds with a headless compression screw. This combination resulted in healing of 17 scaphoid fracture nonunions at an average time of 15 weeks.

Conclusions The literature does not demonstrate a difference in union rates when comparing the use of vascularized and non-vascularized grafts for scaphoid nonunions. When the proximal pole of the scaphoid can be salvaged, the choice of fixation is left to the surgeon's discretion.
2.9 On-DNA Functional-Group Transformations
Authors: Simmons N. , Chheda P. , Schuman D.
Published: March 2024

DNA-encoded libraries of small molecules typically access diverse chemical space via combinatorial coupling of building blocks and cores already bearing the requisite functional groups for the intended on-DNA synthetic sequence. However, on-DNA functional group transformations, wherein an on-DNA functional group is altered without the incorporation of a new diversity element, is a supplemental approach to expand the scope of on-DNA synthesis. This chapter reviews key on-DNA functional-group transformations for strategies such as the utilization of on-DNA protecting groups to enhance orthogonality, the in situ generation of commercially-rare or unstable on-DNA synthetic intermediates to enable extension of valuable core collections to alternative synthetic pathways, the employment of temporary functional groups as handles to regulate on-DNA chemical reactivity, and the encoding of specific functional groups into final library molecules.
4.2 DEL Selection Using DNA-Programmed Affinity Labelling (DPAL)
Authors: Huang Y. , Li X.
Published: March 2024

DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) have undergone significant development and are being widely adopted in drug discovery. As part of the evolution of DEL selections, the introduction of the DNA-programmed affinity labelling (DPAL) technique has extended the scope to include more-complex target systems beyond purified proteins immobilized on a solid matrix. In this review, detailed procedures for the application of DPAL-assisted DEL selections are compiled as a guide to the technique. Methods based on selections against in-solution proteins, DNA-encoded dynamic library (DEDL) selections, and selections against membrane proteins on a cell surface are included.
4.3 Selections of DNA-Encoded Libraries to Protein Targets on Living Cells
Authors: Cai B. , Krusemark C. J.
Published: March 2024

Membrane proteins play a crucial role in numerous physiological processes and are the most common targets of approved drugs. However, the difficulty in purifying membrane proteins has limited the application of DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) for these targets in drug discovery campaigns. In this chapter, two methodologies for the selection of DELs against cell-surface proteins directly on live cells are presented. The first method employs covalent crosslinking to capture transient interactions between DNA-linked ligands and membrane proteins, facilitating the removal of non-crosslinked molecules through stringent washing. The second approach utilizes an engineered biotin ligase enzyme tag on the target to selectively biotinylate DNA-linked ligands through induced proximity. These methods successfully address challenges such as low target-protein concentration on live cells and the low efficiency in purifying DNA–membrane-protein conjugates, offering promising tools for small-molecule discovery targeting membrane proteins.
3.1 DNA-Templated Synthesis
Authors: Zhang G. , Nie Q. , Sun J.
Published: March 2024

DNA-templated synthesis (DTS) represents a divergent strategy that harnesses the unique nature of DNA hybridization to achieve efficient library synthesis as well as encoding. By using base-pair hybridization to bring the DNA-linked reactants into intramolecular proximity and thus increase their effective local concentration for chemical reaction, DTS translates DNA sequences into the corresponding synthetic products, resembling Nature’s machinery of genetic-code translation. DTS can be applied to generate synthetic products chemically unrelated to the DNA backbone in a sequence-directed manner. Furthermore, a method that replaces the complex template pool with just a single DNA template is described, in which a novel “universal template” was designed to hybridize with multiple reagent DNA strands with different sequences. These properties allow the application of DTS to the programmed synthesis of large-scale DNA-encoded libraries.
5.2 On-DNA Resynthesis and Affinity Selection Mass Spectrometry (ASMS)
Authors: Su W. , Xia B. , Foley T. L.
Published: March 2024

A limitation of the split-and-pool approach in creating DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) is that DNA-conjugated side products and starting materials generally cannot be removed during DEL production. Consequently, the same DNA barcode encodes all the products generated during library synthesis (including byproducts) rather than just a single product. In the use of off-DNA resynthesis to confirm hits after affinity selection, a “one-to-one” relationship between the DNA tag and the structure of the attached molecule it encodes is often assumed. However, because library synthesis often yields a mixture, this approximation increases the risk of overlooking positive discoveries and valuable information. On-DNA resynthesis, using the same building blocks and chemical reactions as in DEL production, can be employed to obtain a product mixture similar to that observed during the original library production. This mixture of on-DNA compounds can then be directly tested using affinity selection mass spectrometry (ASMS). This chapter outlines ASMS as a technique to assay low-complexity mixtures of molecules for target-protein binding, including discussion of the two primary types of ASMS: on-DNA and cleaved.
“If I had a shilling…”
Authors: Zoller Larissa Pia
Published: March 2024

Salvatore Attardo and Victor Raskin’s General Theory of Verbal Humour (GTVH,
1991) offers a useful foundation to determine whether something as universal as humour shows similar structures across different
medieval genres. While the GTVH was designed in such a way that it can be applied to any humorous text, it seems
extremely beneficial to apply it to two texts with similar themes to examine their perceived funniness. Employing an
interdisciplinary approach, in this paper the GTVH is applied to the Middle English fabliau Dame
Sirith and Hans Sachs’ German Schwank­erzählung “Der fahrendt Schuler mit dem Teufelbannen,” which
both focus on the topic of financial gain through unintended involvement in adultery of their respective protagonists. This is
done in order to discuss their humorous potential, and to determine, by means of the notion of joke similarity, whether this
potential is realised through similar structures across the two genres.
On Arab EFL learners’ production of words with “-ate”
Authors: Alzi’abi Safi Eldeen
Published: March 2024

Arab EFL learners encounter difficulty stressing English words, particularly those with -ate, e.g.
‘ˈpercolate’, ‘ˈgerminate’, ‘ˈimpregnate’. They often stress the rightmost syllable. However, earlier studies included a limited sample of
such items. The present study further explores and verifies these preliminary findings. It aims at revealing any coherent pattern in
learners’ word stress strategies and tracing stress strategies associated with the stimuli’s word class or length. Furthermore, it
investigates the effect of specific instruction on the production of the stimuli. To estimate the impact of training in stress placement on
subjects’ accurate stress production, the subjects were enrolled in a nine-hour stress-training course that extended over three weeks.
Ninety infrequent words ending in -ate were used in pretest and posttest pronunciation tasks with 102 third- and
fourth-year Jordanian English majors. They had problems accurately producing the stimuli and tended to place stress on the ultimate
syllables. Stress was often assigned to the right syllable as the subjects were prolonging the last vowel, i.e. the -ate
syllable, and accentuating it in most stimuli. No significant association existed between the subjects’ performance and word length or word
classes of the stimuli. The posttest scores far exceeded the pretests, proving explicit instruction’s benefits.
Effect of word order asymmetry on the cognitive load of English–Chinese sight translation
Authors: Ma Xingcheng , Li Dechao
Published: March 2024

This article examines word order asymmetry as one prominent obstacle in the cognitive process of English–Chinese
sight translation. A within-subject experiment was designed for 23 MA translation students who sight translated sentences with
different degrees of structural asymmetry from English into Chinese in both single sentence and discourse contexts. To measure
cognitive load, participants’ eye movements during translation were recorded using an eye tracker. Three major findings were
generated: (1) The effect of word order asymmetry was confirmed on both sentence-based and word-based processing; (2) Contextual
information did not contribute to less effortful processing in the discourse context (as indicated by more fixations and longer
regressions); (3) Segmentation was used far more frequently than restructuring to address asymmetric structures. We expect these
findings will enrich our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms involved in interpreting between languages that are
structurally very different and help inform training practices.
The impact of watershed characteristics on flood behaviour in the Noelmina River region
Authors: Nasjono J K , Amin Dinul , Khaerudin D N , Krisnayanti D S
Published: March 2024

Timor Island has two river regions, one of which is the Noelmina River Region. There are 91 watersheds in the Noelmina River Region, covering a total area of 5,418.85 km2. Each watershed possesses unique characteristics that influence the amount of flood discharge. The key watershed features that can be analysed to assess their impact on floods include shape, area, river length, slope of the watershed, slope of the river, and runoff coefficient. The aim of this study was to identify the specific characteristics of watersheds within the Noelmina River Region that contribute to significant flood discharge. The study focused on examining 20 watersheds within the Noelmina River Region, utilising spatial data such as the Timor Island DEM, land use, and hydrogeological map. The rainfall analysis was performed using the Log Pearson III distribution method with a return period of 500 years. Analysis of flood discharge using the SCS-CN method. The results obtained are that the shape of the watershed, the land use, and the curve number values have a greater impact on the amount of flood discharge produced. The time required to reach peak flood discharge in the Noelmina River Region typically ranges from 7-12 hours.
Isolation and identification of microplastic on the cockleshell of blood clam (Anadara Granosa Linn)
Authors: Wiyarno Y , Widyastuti S , Gunawan W , Pungut  , Ratnawati R
Published: March 2024

This study aims to figure out the occurrence of microplastics in cockleshells of Anadara granosa Liin from the five beaches. The dried cockleshells were immersed in NaCl for the partition step in view of the particular gravity of the microplastic and categorized according to shape under a stereo microscope. In all samples, were consistently found microplastics. The beach that has the largest abundance of microplastics is the Kenjeran Beach Surabaya in East Java Province. The shape of the abundance of microplastics found in this research were fragments, film, foams, crystals, granules, pellets, filaments, and yarn. The average microplastic abundance was 171 pieces per 75 grams of cockleshell dry weight. Among the identified microplastics, fragment (55.33%) was the most frequent type. The occurrence and distribution of microplastics in cockleshells of specimens from the studied region provided information for evaluating the risks of microplastics.
Experimental study on the performance of polymer pervious concrete using recycled concrete aggregate
Authors: Arifi E , Cahya E N , Waluyohadi I , Abdullah A , Rochman T , Wicaksono O D
Published: March 2024

The phenomenon of population growth exerts a significant influence on alterations in land utilization, hence causing a reduction in the catchment area and subsequently giving rise to issues related to surface runoff. Stormwater control can be effectively achieved with the use of pervious concrete, which is a porous material that allows surface water to seep into the underlying soil. Because of its ability to transfer surface water into the ground through its pores, pervious concrete was developed as a stormwater management tool to address these issues. Unfortunately, previous concrete has lower quality than normal concrete due to its voids. Several investigations have been carried out to enhance the quality of earlier concrete, one of which involves the use of polymers to strengthen the binding between particles. The primary objective of conducting experimental investigations on polymer pervious concrete incorporating recycled concrete aggregate is to evaluate the performance of polymer pervious concrete using recycled aggregate concrete to support sustainable construction. The study revealed that incorporating recycled concrete aggregate into pervious concrete results in a decrease in its compressive strength. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that using polymer as an adhesive effectively increases the compressive strength of pervious concrete that contains recycled concrete aggregate.
Groundwater vulnerability zonation using Aplis and Foster method in The Ponorogo-Ngawi groundwater basin
Authors: Septiani R , Hendrayana H , Mulyaningsih N
Published: March 2024

In 2021, Ngawi district became the largest rice producer in East Java. Groundwater is the main water source used for irrigation purposes. Lack of management for developing necessary irrigation wells has resulted in uncontrolled groundwater use, potentially reducing groundwater quantity and quality. This study aims to analyze groundwater vulnerability zones. An assessment was conducted using the Aplis and Foster methods, and their parameter classes can be customized to match the conditions of the research area. The Aplis method considers five parameters: altitude (A), slope (P), lithology (L), infiltration (I), and soil (S). The Foster method considers four parameters: aquifer response characteristics (RA), aquifer storage characteristics (DS), aquifer thickness (s), and groundwater depth (h). The vulnerability values obtained using the Aplis method ranged from 30 to 131 and were divided into four classes: low, moderate, high, and very high. The Vulnerability values obtained using the Foster method ranged from 10 to 15 for the low and moderate classes. A non-technical approach through the strict application of permits and restrictions on groundwater usage is a basis for formulating policies related to groundwater management in the research area.
Study of irrigation aspect in the interconnection system of Telaga Tanjung and Singin Ponds in Tabanan Regency
Authors: Nuraga I K , Ariana I K A
Published: March 2024

Interconnection is a channel that links multiple water channel systems with those downstream of a river area. The proposed system will utilize existing canals in Gadungan, Matan, and Unun Irrigation Areas, extending to the Lambuk Reservoir dam system. The problem is that irrigation areas downstream of the Lambuk Reservoir are Lambuk (726 ha), Babakan Anyar (42 ha), and Lanyah (281 ha) experience water shortages (planting intensity of 170% to 200%) during the dry season. The study utilized water balance methods in rice fields, the basic year method for main discharge at weirs, and interconnection channel analysis for water needs calculation. From the water balance analysis, the Singin System cannot make a new interconnection channel to the Lambuk Reservoir because the available water in each reservoir can only irrigate the Matan and Unun Irrigation Areas. From the Telaga Tunjung System, there is still a lot of water available, especially during the rainy season, so that it can supply the reservoir for the Lambuk Reservoir. This means that the interconnection system from this reservoir still needs to be created from the primary channel of the Gadungan Irrigation Area.
Water conflict analysis in the Balangan Irrigation Area: causes, impacts, and management strategies
Authors: Eryani I G A P , Jayantari M W
Published: March 2024

The Balangan irrigation area has grappled with a 20-year water shortage due to disorganized canal systems, causing water scarcity in droughts and floods during the rainy season. Conflicts between upstream and downstream users compound these challenges. This study analyzes water conflicts, their causes, impacts, and resolution strategies. Employing descriptive approaches, it identifies factors triggering conflicts, their societal and agricultural effects, and sustainable solutions. Findings reveal that the narrowing of water channels, exacerbated by concrete structures, has caused an imbalance in water distribution between Subak Balangan and Subak Palean. Sedimentation and irregular channel regulation exacerbate water loss and prolonged scarcity. The study underscores the necessity of comprehensive management strategies, prioritizing Water Rights and Allocation Policies, Community Participation, and Rainwater Harvesting and Conservation. These strategies promise practical, feasible, sustainable, and impactful solutions. Regulating water rights and allocations provides a framework, and community engagement ensures local perspectives are considered, while rainwater harvesting and conservation techniques reduce water stress and foster agricultural resilience. Integrating these strategies can achieve a comprehensive approach to sustainable water management in the Balangan Irrigation area.
The study of water salinity distribution for supporting agriculture in Katingan I lowland irrigation area, Central Kalimantan
Authors: Rahardjo A P , Rivanto A P , Jayadi R
Published: March 2024

The Katingan I tidal lowland irrigation area (DIR Katingan I) is a sensitive area to salinity changes. This study aims to identify and estimate the spatial distribution of salinity in DIR Katingan I. The method used in this study is field measurement for collecting tidal and salinity data in the Katingan River as well as in several locations of primary and secondary canals. The measured data at the upstream canal, Katingan River, and primary canal as boundary conditions and calibration for hydraulic and water quality simulations. The simulations used HEC-RAS software to estimate salinity spatial distribution under tidal conditions at primary and secondary canals. The results showed that the distribution of water salinity can reach lower primary canals. It is necessary to take anticipatory actions to reduce the salinity intrusion. To overcome the problem, alternative recommended solutions that can be done are sluice gates installation on the lower primary canal, right primary canal, and left primary canal about 1 to 3 km from the mouth of the primary canal. The prediction of salinity spatial distribution is expected to be a useful recommendation for water management in DIR Katingan I, and it is expected to increase agricultural productivity.
Determination of groundwater conservation zones study by considering groundwater recharge changes
Authors: Utomo H , Siswoyo H
Published: March 2024

This paper aims to find a new groundwater conservation zone concept in Indonesia by improving groundwater zoning by considering groundwater recharge changes. The previous zoning criteria only used groundwater level decrease and selected groundwater quality parameters. The ideas of this new concept are related to actual conditions, in terms of groundwater recharge changes due to global climate changes that control the precipitation frequency and in terms of land use changes that control groundwater recharge quantity. The changes are dynamically altered due to anthropogenic interactions. Based on Decree No. 31 2018, the groundwater conservation zone is based on three criteria: the decline of the groundwater table, the groundwater’s physical quality, and the apparent effect on the environment. This research will improve the criteria by suggesting some improvements to that approach: firstly, the application of modeling in calculating the groundwater decline rate, secondly the investigation of the effect of recharge decline due to land use change, and lastly to include recommendations on each zone in the groundwater conservation zone. This new concept is expected will revise the previous Decree that according to the consensus approach is not a scientific approach
Enhancing adoption studies of LID-BMP’S for Storm Water Management Drainage (SWMD) national stadium in Jayapura, Indonesia
Authors: Lufira R D , Utami T , Marsudi S , Setyoningsih C A , Pratama R R
Published: March 2024

The essential of this paper is implementing Low Impact Development (LID) type stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP’s) to reduce stormwater run-off in urban areas. The case study taken is the development area of Jayapura National Stadium. The drainage system at the main stadium is divided into subsurface and surface drainage. Meanwhile, the development area will enhance the study of adopting several LID-BMP’s practices to manage and optimize the design to control stormwater run-off in the stadium before it is discharged into the urban drainage system. The methodology in this study is divided into data collection and planning. The data collected include daily maximum rainfall data, stadium master plan, soil investigation, macro drainage system, drainage master plan, and topography around the stadium. Meanwhile, planning includes calculating rainfall design, soil structure analysis, hydraulic planning, pipe dimensions, and planning for water storage. The rainfall design used is a 5-year return period with Log Person III, the best design from the suitability test analysis, which is 134.39 mm/day. The study examined drainage design effectiveness to control stormwater run-off on the drainage design at the main stadium and surrounding stadiums using the LID-BMP’s framework and compared them. The LID-BMP’s adoption study was to optimize the drainage design to obtain maximum run-off control that can reduce up to 7-10% of stormwater run-off due to design and soil structure. The results provided recommendations to the authorities to modify the current design to achieve the benefits.
A comparative study of SPI, PCI, PCD, and RAI methods for estimating drought in the Palu River Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Sutapa I W , Arafat Y , Lipu S , Rustiati N B
Published: March 2024

The Palu Watershed is vulnerable to extreme hydrological events, especially periods of heavy rains and prolonged dry seasons. This study aims to determine the drought index and the results of a comparison of the drought index between the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI), Rainfall Concentration Index (PCI), Rainfall Concentration Level (PCD), and Rainfall Concentration Period (PCP). The data used are monthly rainfall from Bora, Kalawara, Kulawi, Palolo, and Wuasa stations with observation periods from 1985 to 2021. The Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients are used to determine the relationship between SPI and RAI, PCI, PCD, and PCP. RMSE and MAE are used to find out the absolute error in predictions. The results obtained show: PCI shows a uniform distribution of rainfall (76.57%) and moderately seasonal (32.43%) there is no distribution of seasonal and strongly seasonal rainfall, the dominant SPI is the normal category followed by mild and moderate drought, PCD and PCP show that rainfall is homogeneous and distributed throughout years and no rain is concentrated at any one time, Comparison of the relationship between SPI and RAI is very strong and significant compared to SPI versus PCI, SPI versus PCD and SPI versus PCP.
Reliability of reservoir inflow for supporting the operation simulation model of multi reservoir
Authors: Tantra A Y
Published: March 2024

This research intends to analyze the inflow reliability of the Tugu-Bagong multi-reservoir. The utilization of Tugu Dam is as follows: for fulfilling the irrigation water need of Ngasinan Irrigation Area an area is 1,200 ha, supplying 12 l/s of raw water, controlling the yearly flood in Trenggalek Regency with the discharge is 76.21 m3/s, as the potency of mini-hydro electrical generation (PLTM) in the amount of 0.40 MW, and as the tourism means. However, Bagong Dam, besides being utilized for flood control, is also utilized for supplying raw water, irrigation, and domestic water; for water resources conservation; and recreation or tourism. The methodology consists of collecting the rainfall data and watershed parameters like watershed area, infiltration coefficient each for dry and rainy seasons, retention coefficient, SMC value, etc.; to analyze the dependable discharge due to the rainfall analysis input in 4 discharge conditions: dry season discharge, low water discharge, normal water discharge, and sufficient water discharge. The result of inflow reliability is hoped to be able to support the operation simulation modeling of the Tugu-Bagong multi-reservoir.
Performance of high-resolution satellite rainfall datasets in developing rainfall-duration threshold for landslide incidents over Badung Regency
Authors: Aryastana P , Dewi L , Wahyuni P I
Published: March 2024

Satellite-based rainfall datasets provide high-resolution worldwide rainfall information, which has potential used in identifying rainfall conditions that trigger landslides. Landslides can be forecasted by rainfall thresholds which is used as an early warning system. The threshold model used needs to be validated to know the accuracy in forecasting landslide occurrences provoked by rainfall events. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the ability of three high-resolution satellite-based rainfall datasets (IMERG, GSMaP, and PERSIANN) to develop a rainfall thresholds model for landslide occurrences in Badung Regency. The recent study used cumulative rainfall events (1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 21, and 30 days) leading up to the incidents of landslides. The determination of rainfall threshold values used the statistical distribution namely: first (Q1), second (Q2), and third quartile (Q3). Validation of rainfall threshold results was conducted utilizing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under curve (AUC). The analysis results show that the first quartile (Q1) exhibited the finest accuracy and gives a good estimation of landslide occurrence. Moreover, among all cumulative rainfall events, the 15-day cumulative rainfall demonstrates the highest AUC value (> 0.75), implying a greater likelihood of triggering landslide events over Badung Regency.
The influence of groundwater use on land subsidence in Bandung City
Authors: Ramadhanty N A , Yusuf R , Mardiani
Published: March 2024

Bandung is a developing city with a high need for groundwater for various needs. Many research studies say groundwater usage is one of the causes of land subsidence but the results mostly just take one side either land subsidence or groundwater. If land subsidence can be estimated through the value of groundwater use, then this can help prevent calamity. Therefore, a correlation between groundwater usage and land subsidence is sought to see how much groundwater usage influences land subsidence. Land subsidence research was conducted using the Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) system with the SNAP application. The data used is the use of groundwater from 2017 to 2022 and Sentinel 1-A imagery of six images for annual research and sixty-six images for monthly research. The yield of the average settlement each year from January 2017 to May 2022 is approximately 5cm with a linear regression coefficient of determination of 21% while the groundwater use regression with subsidence per month is not linear but wavy. From this conclusion, another research can be developed regarding other factors causing land subsidence besides the factor of groundwater use which can then be seen how much influence these factors have on land subsidence that occurs.
Emergency action plan for flood disaster mitigation caused by dam failure (case study: Wadaslintang Dam, Indonesia)
Authors: Saputra A W W , Sundari N , Putra S M B
Published: March 2024

The Wadaslintang Dam in Central Java Province is a crucial water storage structure with benefits like irrigation, hydropower, and flood control, which is densely populated downstream. However, the risk of dam failure requires an Emergency Action Plan (EAP) to mitigate flood disasters. The implementation and effectiveness of an Emergency Action Plan protects human lives, help safeguard critical infrastructure, supports economic stability, and fosters community resilience in the face of various emergencies and disasters. This study aims to identify potential risks and consequences associated with the failure of the Wadaslintang dam and its correlation with the EAP. The plan outlines specific steps and procedures to be taken in the event of a dam failure, considering the potential risks and impacts of such an incident and collecting topographic and population data to create evacuation route maps. In conclusion, the EAP for Wadaslintang Dam is essential to minimize risks and protect the affected population during flood disasters. By implementing the plan, coordinating agencies, and ensuring regular updates, the safety and well-being of the population can be safeguarded.
The potential of Monstera sp. phytoremediation in various lead-contaminated water samples
Authors: Darmawan A A , Suryani C L , Aiman U , Alikasturi A S , Anuar M R , Mildaryani W , Maulida Z U , Kurniasari W R , Sambodo R , Sriwijaya B , Nugroho B
Published: March 2024

Ornamental plants have a variety of commodities which have high economic value, expected to improve the community’s economy. In parts of Southeast Asia today there is a booming of ornamental plants type Pokok (Malaysia) or Janda Bolong (Indonesia), However, data related to its ability to absorb heavy metals does not yet exist. Ornamental plants of the type Monstera sp. has potential in phytoremediation technology, based on this, this study was investigate the potential absorption of leads by monstera sp. This study used the RCBD method. The first factor used of water samples including mineral water (W1), distilled water (W2), and surface water (W3). The second factor used in the form of Monstera types includes Monstera obliqua (M1), Monstera tetrasperma (M2), Monstera sp. Peru (M3), then 9 treatment combinations were 3 replication, so that a total of 27 units were obtained. The results of this research indicate that various of Monstera sp. have different absorption capacities of lead. This is also influenced by several factors such as light intensity, leaf area, and the type of water used as a medium. The results of this study proving that the plant Monstera sp. can reduce heavy metals in fields
Direct greenhouse gases from domestic wastewater treatment plant in Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Novia F , Febrion C , Erlindra D
Published: March 2024

Wastewater treatment contributes direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere. The study aims to estimate the amount of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from domestic wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Bandung Regency throughout the years 2019-2022. Wastewater treatment processes in the WWTP consist of anaerobic, facultative, and maturation ponds. Data series of water quality from each process were collected on a monthly basis from years 2019 to 2022 to estimate direct emissions. Emission factors used in this study were derived from IPCC Guidelines and using the Tier 1 method. The highest GHG emission from WWTP Bojongsoang was about 513.44 tonCO2e in December 2021. The monthly average CO2e emissions from year to year increased about 40.12%. The average GHG emission from WWTP Bojongsoang from the year 2019 to 2022 respectively was about 81.33 tonCO2e/month, 135.21 tonCO2e/month, 229.26 tonCO2e/month, and 193.89 tonCO2e/month. Overall, the percentage of CO2e emission from anaerobic pond was about 93.57%, from facultative pond was about 4.86%, and from maturation pond was about 1.57%. The highest CO2e emissions occurred in the anaerobic pond along with the highest COD reduction also took place in the anaerobic pond.
Evaluation of bias correction methods for multi-satellite rainfall estimation products
Authors: Andari R , Nurhamidah N , Daoed D , Marzuki
Published: March 2024

Rainfall data from satellites provides hydrological studies with special temporal and spatial advantages. However, recognising the biases in satellite data is critical, so robust validation and correction methods using ground-based observational data are necessary. This research seeks to correct and validate multi-satellite rainfall data (TRMM, GPM-IMERG, and GSMaP) in order to enable hydrological applications. The corrective methods include linear scaling (LS), empirical quantile mapping (EQM), and local intensity scaling (LOCI). In validation, three statistical metrics are employed: Correlation Coefficient (R), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Relative Bias (RB). Assessing ten years of monthly data from the Kuranji watershed, LS and EQM emerged as optimal bias correction algorithms for all satellites, with LOCI outperforming TRMM and GSMaP. Corrected monthly rainfall patterns using LS and EQM closely correlate with observed data, substantially reducing discrepancies between field records and satellite-derived rainfall data. This enhances the usability of satellite data for in-depth hydrological studies.