bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“It has been decreed again that you and I be exiled…”
Authors: Agrawal Purushottam
Published: September 2019

SajjadZaheer had described the publication of 'Zindan Nama' as 'the most important historical event of the year 1952 in the history of Pakistan.' And, indeed, not only this collection, but other poetic works of Faiz deserve to be celebrated not only as literary events, but also as historical events of larger significance.
Faiz - The Poet of Romance and Revolution
Authors: Hashmi Sohail
Published: September 2019

If you met him on the street you would never imagine that he was a poet, and not your run of the mill poet, but among the most important poets of the 20th century, not only in Urdu, not only in the subcontinent but in the entire world of the 20th century.
The Intellectual and National Integration
Authors: Chopra Suneet
Published: September 2019

I met Faiz Ahmed 'Faiz' in 1980, when he came to India for the Jashn-e- Faiz. He was a close friend of my mother's maternal uncle, YugalMehra of AIR (later Salman Ahmed of Pakistan Radio), the father of General Mehra of the Indian Army and grandfather of Salma Agha, the Pakistani singer (the romance of whose grandparents is mentioned in Manto's 'My Bombay Friends').
My friend, my mate ... Faiz ... a poetic journey
Authors: Romonika  , Sharan Vimlendra
Published: September 2019

This article is not a critique on Faiz or his works. Penned here are my thoughts of an evening seeped in Faiz …. from romance to realism.
The Rawalpindi Conspiracy Case
Authors: Zaheer Sajjad
Published: September 2019

During the period of the Rawalpindi Conspiracy Case, Faiz and I were together in the central Jail, Hyderabad, Sindh. In December 1952 the hearing of our case had come to an end .
A summer in Beirut with Abbu
Authors: Hashmi Salima
Published: September 2019

In the summer of 1980, having received a wistful letter from my father, I determined to take my children, Yasser age 11, and Mira 6 to visit my parents in Beirut. Being an employee of the Government, this involved a series of forays into various departments to elicit the coveted 'No Objection Certificate' or NOC, as it is tenderly termed.
What's in a name ... unless it is Faiz!
Authors: Hashmi Moneeza
Published: September 2019

I don't recall when exactly I became aware of the fact that my father was a famous or for others an “infamous” man. Growing up for me as I look back was perhaps somewhat normal given the circumstances.
My grandfather was treasure of pain
Authors: Hashmi Ali Madeeh
Published: September 2019

“Do you also write poetry?” is a question often asked of us, perhaps with the assumption that something of Faiz's genius may have trickled down into his family.
Tribute from granddaughter
Authors: Hashmi Mira
Published: September 2019

Since I was a little girl, I've repeatedly been asked the question 'what is it like, being Faiz's granddaughter?' Though in reply I usually just smile a knowing, somewhat smart-ass-ish smile with a hint of self-deprecation, in my head I'm often thinking, to paraphrase Carrie Fisher, 'well, compared to what?
Amrita Pritam in conversation with AlysFaizFaiz was true to his art, to his character and creativity ...
Authors: Pritam Amrita
Published: September 2019

Amrita Pritam: Alys, where did you meet FaizSahab for the first time? In your own country England? Alys: No, my sister was married in India to one Dr. Taseer, they had met in London; and, incidentally, in 1938, I had come to India to meet her.
Lost opprtunities that Faiz missed all his life ...
Authors: Arif Iftikhar , Faraz Ahmed
Published: September 2019

IftikharArif :FaizSahab, if we wanted to converse with you, to take your interview, then could you tell us as to what are the things that you would not like to be asked about?
REVIEW ARTICLE
Authors: HAMEED SYEDA
Published: September 2019

It was the dead of winter. Alberta experiences the same temperatures during winter months as Siberia. A gloom descends throughout the prairie region while the outdoor gets covered in a thick blanket of snow.
Looking for Common Ground: Hindi and Urdu: Hindus and Muslims
Authors: Harish Trivedi
Published: September 2019

Looking for Common Ground: Hindi and Urdu: Hindus and Muslims
Poetry? Why? In order to hear the voices…
Authors: Suman Keshari
Published: September 2019

Poetry? Why? In order to hear the voices…
Margi Literature of Hindi
Authors: Udayan Vajpeyi
Published: September 2019

Margi Literature of Hindi
The walled city of Delhi: Capital of the last Mughals in the pages of contemporary writings
Authors: Ramesh C. Dhussa
Published: September 2019

The walled city of Delhi: Capital of the last Mughals in the pages of contemporary writings
Rashtrakavi Dinkar’s Nationalism
Authors: Mahendra Prasad Singh
Published: September 2019

Rashtrakavi Dinkar’s Nationalism
Hindi among other Languages in the world and in Indian Academia
Authors: Lal Chaman
Published: September 2019

Hindi among other Languages in the world and in Indian Academia
Women in Hindi Poetry
Authors: Rameshwar Rai
Published: September 2019

Women in Hindi Poetry
Women Writers: Standing up against the patriarchy
Authors: Bhasha Singh
Published: September 2019

Women Writers: Standing up against the patriarchy
In the wonderland of a genuine poet
Authors: Purushottam Agrawal
Published: September 2019

In the wonderland of a genuine poet
Hindi’s Persistent, Ambiguous Modernism: Reading Agyeya’s Pratik
Authors: Alok Rai
Published: September 2019

Hindi’s Persistent, Ambiguous Modernism: Reading Agyeya’s Pratik
Canada-India Relations: A Strategic Partnership
Authors: Beck Stewart
Published: September 2019

Canada-India Relations: A Strategic Partnership
Party System in Parliamentary Federal Canada and India
Authors: M.P. Singh  , Murari Krishna
Published: September 2019

Party System in Parliamentary Federal Canada and India
Workplace Practice and Diversity In Canada: Employment Policy in Global Modernity
Authors: Foster Lorne , Jacobs Lesley
Published: September 2019

Workplace Practice and Diversity In Canada: Employment Policy in Global Modernity
Centre and Provinces in Foreign Affairs: Case of Canadian Federalism
Authors: Amna Mirza
Published: September 2019

Centre and Provinces in Foreign Affairs: Case of Canadian Federalism
People of Indian Origins in Canada: Past and Present
Authors: Karygiannis Jim
Published: September 2019

People of Indian Origins in Canada: Past and Present
Engagement and Representation in Canadian Constitutional Reform: A Test of the Federal System
Authors: Kathy. L. Brock
Published: September 2019

Engagement and Representation in Canadian Constitutional Reform: A Test of the Federal System
India as International Power of “Growth”: Cooperation with Canada, Caribbean and Pacific Countries
Authors: Sunil Chacko
Published: September 2019

India as International Power of “Growth”: Cooperation with Canada, Caribbean and Pacific Countries
Economic Cooperation between India and Canada:Options and Constraints
Authors: Asha Gupta
Published: September 2019

Economic Cooperation between India and Canada:Options and Constraints
The Transformations of the Canadian Party System and the Historic 2011 Election
Authors: Alan Whitehorn
Published: September 2019

The Transformations of the Canadian Party System and the Historic 2011 Election
Sociology of Canada’s Development Cooperation: Lesson for India
Authors: Uddhab Pd. Pyakurel
Published: September 2019

Sociology of Canada’s Development Cooperation: Lesson for India
Canada and India : A Comparative Perspective
Authors: Rekha Saxena
Published: September 2019

Canada and India : A Comparative Perspective
Book Review
Authors: Jaswinder Sahota
Published: September 2019

Book Review
Board Size and Corporate Performance: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Shivan Sarpal  , Fulbag Singh
Published: September 2019

The subject of corporate governance has always been of keen interest to the researchers in the area of management and finance. This paper basically concentrates on the corporate board of directors which is an internal corporate governance mechanism. Since the effectiveness of boards counts on several characteristics such as board size, board composition, leadership structure etc, therefore considering this viewpoint, the present study is based on the analysis of board size of BSE listed companies in India. This analysis broadly embraces the relationship between board size and performance as represented by various indicators such as Operating Profit Margin, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Earnings per Share and Tobin’s Q. Spearman’s rho correlation, One Way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied to draw the inferences. Results of the study remained robust and thus concluded that both board size and firm performance were independent of each other as board size was not found to be associated with firm performance.
Is World Really Borderless? - An Analysis from the Fourth World Perspective
Authors: Atul R. Deshpande
Published: September 2019

This research paper is an attempt to examine the empirical reality of the argument leveled for and against the existence of borderless world. This examination is the prime objective of this paper. The paper is primarily conceptual in nature. The use of secondary data as a prime source of analysis has helped understand the way the trade is concentrated in various trading blocks. Since the author is convinced about the fact that the ‘Fourth World’ is largely precluded from the expected scenario and the facility of free flow of goods and services, a case study method is used to understand the significant issues of the ‘Fourth World’ countries. The first part has discussed a theoretical framework that consists of the idea of borderless world. In addition to this, a Theory of Trading Blocks is incorporated in the first part of this paper. The second part of this paper includes an analytical framework which looks into the nature of the Fourth World and has also discussed the African continent as a case against the proposition of the possibility of the world being borderless or otherwise. The third part of this paper includes implications, conclusions and recommendations which make a summary evaluation of the proposition To examine the research question ‘Is World Really Borderless?’ and the hypothesis ‘yes, it is partially borderless’, this paper, in its first part, has examined the concept of ‘borderless world developed by Kenichi Ohame (Ohame, 1990, 99). In addition to this theoretical framework, the author has used ‘A Theory of Trading Blocks’ to understand how and to what extent countries trade in blocks and as such what implications it has on the idea of the world being borderless. This part includes the secondary data on ‘regionalization of trade and high concentration ratios of trade carried out within a boundary of a trading block. In its second part, the research paper has enquired the issue of the present state of the Fourth World in the context of the possibility of it being a part of global integration. To prove that the hypothesis is partially true, the author has discussed the case of the African continent to illustrate the relative position of the Fourth World in today’s much debated idea of economic integration. In its third part a conclusion is drawn which states that there are definite efforts made by countries towards making this world borderless but such efforts are lesser than required and the Fourth World is yet to be integrated into the mainstream of borderless and much comprehensive economic transactions.
Factors Influencing Management Students Perception on Ethics: An Empi rical Study in Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar
Authors: Shahir Bhatt
Published: September 2019

The basic training in ethics is believed to be imparted by family and educational institutes, but the end result (execution of ethical practices) is a combination of inherent values and external environment. Also, there is a dearth of studies trying to find out the factors influencing ethical perceptions in management students, especially in the state of Gujarat, India. Thus, the study is an effort to diagnose the significant factors influencing ethical practices of students, aspiring to become managers.The study indicates the factors which influence the ethical perception of management students. The study also examines whether these factors have any relation with the CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average) of the students, parents’ monthly income and specialization selected by the students.
Vulnerabilities and Social Responsibility in India: Possibilities, Opportunities and Limits
Authors: Sharma Seema
Published: September 2019

India’s economic growth post liberalisation has seen tremendous increase. At the same time, the polarisation of Indian society on economic and social parameters has never been sharper. The inability of vast sections of Indian society to take advantage of the economic opportunities on account of their multiple vulnerabilities has developed a context within which poverty and hunger are likely to become the norm rather than exception. The present paper argues that the CSR efforts of the corporate are likely to remain cosmetic in nature unless there is a focus and definite direction to these initiatives. While the prevailing texture and flavour of CSR in India is heavily influenced by CSR in the West, the CSR in India will have to be rooted in the realities of social life and deal with issues of vulnerabilities and marginalisation.
Ethical Finance: Trends and Emerging Issues for Research
Authors: Hemlata Chelawat  , I. V. Trivedi
Published: September 2019

The objective of this paper is to understand the manner in which research in ethical finance has evolved and development of literature in the field of ethical/ socially responsible investing has taken place, which would provide us directions for future research work in the area. Contributions of 108 research studies published in the area of ethical finance, over a time span of 15 years were analyzed using a framework that classified research in the area of ethical finance according to research agenda and data analysis framework. This points to the areas which lack in – depth research and are worthy of being explored in future research. The literature review reveals that research in ethical finance or socially responsible investment has been concentrated in a few areas. While some important areas like financial performance of ethical funds and indices have received adequate attention by researchers, there are several other areas which need focused research. Measurement of ESG performance, ESG criteria for selection of stocks for an ESG/ ethical investment portfolio, process of integration of ESG criteria into investment decision making and regulatory mechanisms that need to be evolved to promote adoption of ethical finance are some of the areas worthy of being explored in future research. The study also suggests that models using multi–decision criteria for portfolio selection could greatly improve the performance of an ethical portfolio.
Place of Values in the Era of Globalisation
Authors: Dasgupta Samir
Published: September 2019

What would be the future of ideal social and moral values? Will it be faded away and the old values will appear with a new nomenclature and a reversed but a parallel value structure for will appear and two contending value forces (traditional values and modern values) will be in conflict? Will the postmodern value-spell engulf our identity of humanity? Will it be human more than human? Will morality be a sin? The rise of individualism and selfish attitude thus create value hazard. This is unthinkable for our predecessors and we people. Japan, a country with globalization boom experiences such a value trauma.
On the Road to an Encyclopedic Schema of Ethical Management: A Concoction of Multifarious Vedantic Philosophies
Authors: Banerjee Shivaji , Shaunak Roy
Published: September 2019

The past couple of chiliads have incalculably borne testimony to philosophical contemplation, which have steered the ethical practices of business and management. The presented content is thus, ingrained on the roots of the premise that values and ethics are as germane as skills for the effectual management of organisations. Globally competitive, domestically indispensable and sustainable are those enterprises, which in the long run nurture the seeds of pragmatic ethics and canonical human values. The authors engage in a scholarly discourse to put together a holistic perspective of Vedantic ethical vision, springing from the roots of the pietistic Bhagavad Gita, and in so doing, validate the practical relevance of these principles to the substantive realm of business. This would unequivocally unveil the depths of ethical behaviour, which in all societies is persisting in going to seed. Momentous acumens on the subject of an enriched business that focuses on altering the face of organisational culture, hence zeroing in on vaster expansiveness and ethical chastity have also been shed valuable light on. The pursuit of this goal by bureaucrats and policymakers embraces the key to integral ethicality and sustainability by living out the ‘nyay’ and the ‘niti’.
Analysis of GRI Reporter
Authors: Inten Meutia
Published: September 2019

This paper reports the characteristic of GRI Reporters. GRI Reporters are corporates that make a sustainability reporting based on GRI guideline and report their reporting to GRI. This paper provides descriptions about the type of corporation, sector of corporation, the region and country, membership of country (OECD and DAC), and application level of corporation of the GRI reporters. From the descriptive analysis, we get information that more companies have the awareness to publish sustainability reports. In this paper, we do analysis on some interesting phenomenons; those are: indication that sustainability reporting has been the concern of SMEs as well as other corporations, financial services sector is the largest sector of the GRI reporter, and in fact many GRI Reporters come from developing countries, instead of developed countries.
Corporate Social Responsibility: Interventions of Oil and Gas Central Public Sector Enterprises in India
Authors: R. K. Mishra  , Punam Singh  , Shulagna Sarkar
Published: September 2019

Oil and gas companies have immensely contributed to India’s growth. Considering the nature of operation, there is a growing need for research in the area of CSR initiatives of these companies to commensurate the damages caused by them to environment, people and other stakeholders. The paper provides a platform to explain the various guidelines on CSR applicable to oil and gas public sector enterprises in India and intends to elaborate the need for CSR practises by oil and gas sector. The study is an exploratory research based on secondary data collected from seven major oil and gas sector companies in India to identify the various social and environmental interventions undertaken as CSR. The paper acts as a framework for further researches on assessment of the CSR impact of oil and gas companies in India for environmental sustainability and social upliftment. The paper identifies the future thrust areas of CSR and elaborates the need for collective sectoral effort in initiating CSR activities.
Family Firms, Social Responsibility, and Non-Family Member Employees Identification
Authors: Ang Bao
Published: September 2019

The objective of this paper is to find the relationship between family firms’ CSR engagement and their non-family member employees’ organisational identification. Drawing upon the existing literature on social identity theory, corporate social responsibility and family firms, the author proposes that family firms engage actively in CSR programs in a balanced manner to increase non-family member employees’ organisational identification. The findings of the research suggest that by developing and implementing balanced CSR programs, and actively getting engaged in CSR activities, family firms may help their non-family member employees better identify themselves with the firms. The article points out that due to unbalanced CSR resource allocation, family firms face the problem of inefficient CSR program implementation, and are suggested to switch alternatively to an improved scheme. Family firms may be advised to take corresponding steps to select right employees, communicate better with non-family member employees, use resources better and handle firms’ succession problems efficiently. The paper extends employees’ identification and CSR research into the family firm research domain and points out some drawbacks in family firms’ CSR resource allocation while formerly were seldom noticed.
Independent Directors, Key to Good Governance
Authors: Limbasiya Nailesh Rameshbhai
Published: September 2019

The collapse of high profile large corporations such as Satyam, Enron etc. while performing the governance practices has raised many issues regarding good governance mechanism. The independent directors are one of the important mechanisms for the good governance practices in an organisation. In India two-third of the companies are family owned and therefore presence of independent directors on the board is very important to protect the rights of minority investors and other stakeholders. Independent directors with independent thoughts and action may lead to a constructive value addition for the firm. The present paper discusses the importance of independent directors on the board. The paper also shows a glimpse of the current picture of corporate structure and corporate governance in India. Though the role of independent director is most important to detect and prevent the unethical practices still it fails to perform their roles in many cases. This paper identifies and explains the drivers on reasons, why independent directors still fail to perform their fiduciary roles in many cases. Finally the article concludes based on the functioning of the independent directors and challenges for having an implementable code of conduct for them. The diverse opinion of the corporate experts, government bodies, and industry apex bodies is the need of the hour to make one that is easy to implement.
Ethical Dilemma and Marketing Decisions: A Case Analysis of Food Products
Authors: Naresh Sharma
Published: September 2019

This paper attempts to examine the ethical dilemmas faced by the managers in making decisions in the marketing of food products. In the prevailing business environment, most of the organisations primarily aim to optimize profits in the long term survival what has emerged critical for feel-factor among the existing and prospective consumers and commitment among employees. A decade ago concept of ethical marketing was restricted to few known companies or selected brands but as a general marketing phenomenon it is only in the recent times that it has come to be accepted as critical to sustaining long term growth of the business across the global marketing spectrum. The dictates of the intense competition and global access to the goods and services have made ‘social responsibility’ as the cardinal mantra for transacting business. In the emerging market scenario, business practices and transparency in the market are not only found to be essential but have also become a basic requirement under the existing laws of the land and as such the role of marketers in decision making functions has changed under emerging new realities.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Hospitals: Need for Transparent CSR Initiatives for Internal and External Stakeholders
Authors: Vedantam Leela
Published: September 2019

Social Responsibility initiatives are the indispensible strategies for governance and this applies equally well in the field of Corporate framework also. In the recent times, the corporate houses other than healthcare industry, evidently demonstrated that strategic balance among social, environmental, and commercial goals can be accomplished. Corporate hospitals contemporary functioning rests on the anarchic assumptions that healthcare industry functions on the notion that what is good for patients or society cannot be good for business. At a time when patients are overexposed to medical procedures and medical treatment is within the reach of affordability of only those who are well insured, there arises a question,is it not essential for corporate hospitals to adopt CSR initiatives. An important corollary question, that also needs to be examined, is whether and for what reasons CSR initiatives must be nurtured by Corporate Hospitals. Drawing up from the existing research studies on CSR in corporate hospitals in Indian scenario i.e., corporate hospitals and healthcare sector, this paper (i) undertakes a thorough examination of the CSR initiatives needs a thorough examination, (ii) examines the implications of modelling of CSR in corporate hospitals so as to create a right balance between their social and economic objectives, (iii) to this extent, the paper hypothesizes that (a) employee costs of corporate hospitals may positively increase due to CSR initiatives, (b) profit maximization i.e. positive increases due to CSR initiatives, and (c) the degree of workforce efficiency positively increases sales turnover due to CSR initiatives.
Socio-Economic Status of Milk Producers of Primary Milk Societies: A Case Study
Authors: Suraj M. Popker  , Guntur Anjana Raju
Published: September 2019

Dairy development program plays a vital role in the socio-economic conditions of the rural people. Higher demand for milk means adding larger number of high-breed milk producing cattle to the milk population. A large part of this cattle population is owned and reared in rural areas. Thus, small marginal farmers and landless agricultural laborers play a very important role in milk production of the country. Dairy farming can also be centered where the demand for milk is high. The co-operative movement for milk was started in India in the last decade of the nineteenth century with two objectives in view-protecting the farmers from the hands of the private money lenders and improving their economic condition. This paper endeavors to understand the socio-economic status of milk producers of primary milk societies. To study socio-economic status of milk producers, 90 milk supplying members from seven dairy primary societies out of fourteen societies having membership of 1027 were considered. Primary data were collected through schedule questionnaire, for the purpose of conducted survey only milk supplying members were selected by way of random sampling method. The primary data is processed by using SPSS package for drawing necessary results. The empirical results show that majority of members are above poverty line and 55.6% of them earn between Rs.5000 to 10000 p.m. The study also reveals that nearly 77.8% of the respondents are happy with the dairy business but 60% of them responded that new generation of their family should not continue with the same business. This paper also attempts to focus on a discussion on members perception of quality of services provided by the dairy milk societies in study area. The various aspects considered in the study are: opinion about satisfaction from various services provided by dairy societies, extension services like training, advisory service, education tour, etc..
Corporate Social Responsibility and Development: Locating the Debate within Literature
Authors: Sharma Seema
Published: September 2019

CSR in India is taking shape in a specific context. An increasing role of private sector in all aspects of life and globalization of economy have their share in the spread of present form of CSR in India. There is thus an increasing concern and debate on the role of CSR. In the light of above, the paper takes a critical look at the role of CSR and the contribution that it may make in the context of development in India. The critique is built by positioning the available literature on the major stakeholders in CSR- the state, corporate, NGOs and communities.
Business and Business Orientation: A Perception Study of Insiders and Outsiders
Authors: Harsh V. Verma  , Ekta Duggal
Published: September 2019

The current time can be described as a period of protests and public anger not only in political space but also against business. A number of business and political misdemeanors have rocked the consciousness of people in different countries. The corporate misdemeanors are unlikely to be outcomes of randomness and confusion prevalent in business systems. This study was undertaken to gauge perception of two integral territories of business- the mangers and consumers. The motivating purpose was to explore perceptions of insiders and outsiders on different facets of their orientation or philosophical underpinnings with respect to shareholders, stockholders, environment, legal compliance, societal interest and ethics. The study found that perceptions on the orientation facets do not differ between the two groups. That is, if managers perceive business to work for profit maximization so do outsiders. Secondly, the perceptions do not exhibit extreme tendencies. This implies that insiders and outsiders perceptions concur on the fact that business is neither extremely oriented towards ethics or environment nor has complete disregard for these aspects. This is a positive sign because at least business is not found be completely insensitive to aspects that go beyond conventionally coveted metrics of business performance.
Embedded Sustainability in the Agri-Business Division of ITC Limited: Special Emphasis on Soil and Moisture Conservation Programme
Authors: Mitra Nayan
Published: September 2019

ITC Limited is a multi-business conglomerate that has, among its business portfolio, Agri-Business, that has grown, since its inception in 1990, to be one of Indias largest exporters of agricultural products, with core competencies in select commodities like feed ingredients, food grains, marine products, processed fruits, contributing 56% of nearly US$ 5.4 billion of ITCs foreign exchange earnings over the last ten years (2013). However, the very nature of the business makes it highly dependent on water, a scarce natural resource. Infact, in a research done by the United Nations Population Fund (November 6, 2003), as much as two-thirds of the worlds population is predicted to be under high water stress in 2025. To meet these qualms, ITC has formulated an innovative model - the Soil and Moisture Conservation Programme. This Situational Case Study, targeted towards management students, studying Corporate Governance, Strategic Management, Business Environment, Business Policy, aims to identify the embedded sustainability model of ITCs Agri-business division, analyse it in terms of its challenges and impact, and initiate discussion about Corporate Sustainability vis-a-vis Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This original work may also be undertaken for developmental related workshops/ training programmes for students and working professionals of innovation, CSR, sustainability and shared, among others, in various Chambers of Commerce and Academic forums on the same. It is, however, not intended to serve as an endorsement, source of data, or illustration of effective or ineffective management. Certain names and information could have been disguised for confidentiality.
What is Green Chemistry? An Overview
Authors: Debarati Das Gupta
Published: September 2019

ITC Limited is a multi-business conglomerate that has, among its business portfolio Agri-Business, that has grown since its inception in 1990 to be one of Indias largest exporters of agricultural products, with core competencies in select commodities like feed ingredients, food grains, marine products, processed fruits, contributing 56% of nearly US$ 5.4 billion of ITCs foreign exchange earnings over the last ten years (2013). However, the very nature of the business makes it highly dependent on water, a scarce natural resource. Infact, in a research done by the United Nations Population Fund (November 6, 2003), as much as two-thirds of the worlds population is predicted to be under high water stress in 2025. To meet these qualms, ITC has formulated an innovative model - the Soil and Moisture Conservation Programme. This Situational Case Study, targeted towards management students, studying Corporate Governance, Strategic Management, Business Environment, Business Policy, aims to identify the embedded sustainability model of ITCs Agri-business division, analyse it in terms of its challenges and impact, and initiate discussion about Corporate Sustainability vis-a-vis Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This original work may also be undertaken for developmental related workshops/ training programmes for students and working professionals of innovation, CSR, sustainability and shared, among others, in various Chambers of Commerce and Academic forums on the same. It is, however, not intended to serve as an endorsement, source of data, or illustration of effective or ineffective management. Certain names and information could have been disguised for confidentiality.
WTO-Environment Synergy: Myth or Progressive Reality?
Authors: Rohini Sen
Published: September 2019

Trade and environment have always been uncomfortable colleagues since the inception of the World Trade Organization and free trade. However, post the Singapore rounds in 1996, it is said that a new kind of free trade has emerged that is more conscientious and aware about environmental impacts and sustenance. While trade remains the primary objective, the WTO has taken it upon itself the task of striking a balance between liberalizing the integrated global economy and acting as a vanguard to precautionary and sustainable environmental principles. This article will look into the inter phase between trade and environment as witnessed under the pre and post WTO regimes and critically analyse judicial pronouncements and best practices to better understand this alliance.
The Profit Motive and Global Corporate Citizenship: A Case Study on the Spin-Off of Philip Morris International
Authors: Welch Jr. James S.
Published: September 2019

This article addresses the spin-off of Philip Morris International (PMI) from Altria which took place back in 2008. Since that time, PMI has done very well in overseas markets, and most especially in developing markets. By 2010, PMI had gained an estimated 16 percent share of the total international cigarette market outside of the U.S. (excluding China) with revenue of $27 billion and operating income of $11.2 billion. With 2012 results, PMI reported worldwide revenues of $31.4 billion and an operating income of $14.2 billion, according to the companys annual report. This rapid revenue growth and income expansion has not come without ethical considerations. As the spin-off resulted in the move of the company headquarters from New York City to Lausanne, Switzerland, PMI became less restrained by the regulatory environment in their new home. PMI was able to capitalize on lower tobacco standards and limited advertising restrictions in global markets (and most especially developing markets) without the constraints of the negative regulatory environment and negative public attention back in the USA. This article weighs the ethical concerns of moving business to areas of less regulation versus the business advantages of such moves. There are many reasons why American corporations have begun to spin-off their international operations, but the question remains, whether the business is conducted domestically or internationally: Is the fiduciary duty to shareholders greater than the moral duty to prospective global consumers?
Cause Related Marketing: An Ethical Quandary or an Altruistic Charity
Authors: Soni Sheetal , Soni Abhishek
Published: September 2019

Much consideration has been given in academic world to the concept of cause-related marketing and its success. Also, the number of companies that undertake cause-related marketing initiatives has been increasing gradually. Literature stated various benefits to these companies, acting socially responsible, such as increased customers preferences towards the brand/products marketed with some social causes, employees commitments, increased sales and profits, brand image, product recognition, and company reputation. However, most of these studies centred on one aspect of the consequences of behaving in a socially responsible manner and only few studies focus on the transparency and ethics in cause-related marketing practices. The present study aims to fill the gap with the help of quantitative analysis of hundred responses to identify consumers trust over the companies doing cause-related marketing. More purposely, the intent is to investigate cause-related marketing promotion as a tool to raise money for social cause, faith of consumers for contribution of the charitable amount for intending purpose and need for more transparency in cause-related activities of business.
The Dynamics of Corporate Governance and Sustainability: A Study of the Indian Electricity Generation Industry
Authors: Ashok Kumar Sar
Published: September 2019

This paper aims to reflect on the relationship between corporate governance and sustainability. Specifically, it aims to gain insights into the relationship between board structure, disclosure, related party transactions, shareholder rights, and board procedure and sustainability performance – economic performance, environmental performance and social equity performance - for the companies in the Indian Electricity Generating Industry. For the study, 286 companies from among the 402 companies listed in CMIE – PROWESS database for the industry were targeted. Although the aim was to take data from all 402 companies, complete data on the directors were available for only 286 companies from the Registrar of Companies. The study covers detailed analysis of corporate governance in these companies based on established theory and the structure of sustainability established. In the end, the positive relationships are summarized and implications for theory are discussed.
Insider Trading: A White-Collar Crime and its Impact on Share Market
Authors: Sreekumar Ray
Published: September 2019

Since inception, the growth of the Indian stock market has been constrained through unethical, illegal and self-actualized activities of swanky persons involved in different capacities in the market. The stock market was trying to retrieve itself from the devastating effect of Harshad Mehta share market scam, when within a gap of ten years it was once again pushed into the darkness of the dungeon by another demon-child of the country- Ketan Parekh. Corporations have been looted by the insider traders, diversifying internal information to an external in lieu of cash. Investigations in the majority cases have proved the involvement of the high ranking officers of the companies in the crime, sophistically referred to as white-collar crime. It has an adverse impact on the growth and sustainability of the share market. Under the light of the above issue, this paper endeavors to study the impact of such crime on the share market. It focuses on the mechanism behind the insider-trading, its impact on the share market and the regulators supervision on the issue. Finally, suggestions have been provided which will contribute towards the dream of every Indian-a fraud-free share market focusing towards the overall development of the country.
A Practical Approach towards Managing Government Funds in Tripura
Authors: Rajat Deb
Published: September 2019

The study examines the perception of the employees working in different State Government Departments in Tripura, and of university and college students about funds management in government sector. It obtained primary data from 160 respondents consisting of 96 men and 64 women from all the eight districts of Tripura using judgement and quota sampling technique through schedule and personal interviews. Different statistical tests like Students t-test, Pearsons Chi-square test, and factor analysis like Principal Component Analysis were performed to assess support for the hypotheses. The reliability of the questions and sample adequacy test was also carried out. Through factor analysis, four major factors viz. perceptions about the philosophy of Government accounting, perceptions about lack of financial literacy of the DDOs, perceptions about dysfunctional bureaucracy, and perceptions about slack monitoring and controlling of Governments funds were extracted. Based on such factors, Students t-test was carried out. PCA has been carried out in order to analyze the various components and Chi-square test was carried out to know the association of the male and female respondents perceptions about effective funds management strategies. The results of the study suggest that DDOs lack adequate financial education, they blindly trust the cashier, and books of records are not properly maintained and updated. It also suggests that periodical training, regular updating of books of accounts, accessing net banking facility for keeping vigil and continuous internal control and audit should be initiated for efficient funds management and to prevent employees fraud.
Impact of Social Schemes on the Empowerment of Aam Aadmi - A Study on MGNREGS and Food Security Bill
Authors: M. Maschendar Goud  , V Usha Kiran
Published: September 2019

Aam Aadmi has achieved tremendous transformation from the stage of isolation to the stage of decision maker in the era of globalization. Increasing political concerns, neglecting the confidence on Aam Aadmi has resulted in huge loss to the dictators. In view of the importance of Aam Aadmi, a great change has occurred in terms of concern for Aam Aadmi in the present era. Increasing initiations of social schemes including Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) and National Food Security Bill, 2013 are some of the best examples which show that the government is highly concerned for the development and as well as empowerment. In view of the emergence of two of the most popular schemes by the government, the present paper will critically examine the need for social schemes for Aam Aadmi. Further, the paper also contributes the benefits of the schemes. Further, the challenges ahead for the successful implementation of the scheme have also been presented in the paper. The present paper is mainly based on the secondary data. The data pertaining to the opinions of the common people especially in rural India have also been considered. The paper provides the valuable observations on examining the impact of social schemes for the upliftment of Aam aadmi.
Board Effectiveness: An Evaluation based on Corporate Governance Score
Authors: Hitesh Shukla  , Nailesh Limbasiya
Published: September 2019

Growth, progress, and prosperity of any country depend highly on the corporate governance mechanism of that country. Good governance of a country helps it to sustainable growth and consistency in progress. The good governance should contribute towards the improvement in transparency, ethics, morality, and disclosure. The principles of good governance stand on honesty, trust, integrity, openness, and performance orientation. Our honorable Prime Minister Narendra bhai Modi had given the three E for good governance during his speech on Independence Day i.e. Effective Governance, Electronic Governance, and Ethical Governance. The fundamental concern of corporate governance mechanism is to ensure the protection of minority shareholders/owners of specific firms. Mechanism of a corporate governance specifies the relations among the shareholders, board of directors, and managers. The present paper is an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of the board by calculating the corporate governance score. The mandatory and non-mandatory guidelines have been considered while assigning points to specific parameters of the corporate governance.
Leverage Analysis of Tata Steel and SAIL
Authors: Ravindra Kumar Katewa
Published: September 2019

The performance of leading companies in India plays key role in developing industrial sector of the country. The leverage has an important role in determining the financial strength that is essential for the development of corporate sector of the country. In the present study, operating leverage, financial leverage, and combined leverage have been analyzed and it is concluded that the leverage of the companies under study is not proper, needs restructuring and differs from company to company significantly.
Integrating Ethics in Finance and Accounting Courses using Ethical Banks as Vignette
Authors: Aliza Racelis
Published: September 2019

The field of Business Ethics has an important role to play in identifying and establishing ethical parameters for business activities. Ethics professors have the continued challenge of being able to deliver ethics and morality teachings in the classroom. One topic in the area of business ethics and social enterprise that has begun hogging the pages of business and social responsibility research articles is the field of ethical banking. The ethical-social nature of the mission of ethical banks makes for an interesting discussion piece and scenario for a case-based teaching of business ethics. This paper presents the case of showing ethical banks as vignette in finance and ethics classes at the University of the Philippines, aimed at making students aware that it is possible for businessmen to be socially and ethically oriented and at the same time keep in mind the need for financial sustainability. The methodology involved content analysis and tests of differences based on a survey of 141 undergraduate business students. Results show overwhelming positive response to the concept of the ethical bank. 96% of the student respondents were in admiration of the ethical raison detre of ethical banks and 93% opined that it pays to be ethical. There was no difference between male and female respondents in opining that it pays to be ethical. Overall, results corroborate the mounting evidence that there is an ever greater awareness of the ethical responsibilities of business and discernment of the form that ethics can take in specific enterprises.
State and Social Responsibility of the Corporate: Analysis of the Role of State in India
Authors: Seema Sharma  , Deepa Mann
Published: September 2019

The present article aims to underscore the role of state in developing the context within which corporate social responsibility (CSR) has emerged in India. The paper traces the trajectory of the Indian economy through the five year plans which were considered to be its backbone and which have now been jettisoned. In addition, it takes a critical look at the public rhetoric of the political class to justify CSR in India. The analysis shows that Indian state since Independence has been dominated by the bourgeoisie class and hence even while focusing on planned development, it continued to create pockets of want in the social sector which have eventually been used to provide justification for the mandated CSR in India. The state had neglected the social sector throughout the plan periods. With the onset of privatization, liberalization, and globalization under the structural adjustment in India, the involvement of state in social sector was likely to reduce further. The state therefore pushed for mandatory CSR to fill the likely gap and the political class of the country provided necessary rhetorical justification for the same.