bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of malnutrition with renal dysfunction and clinical outcome in patients with heart failure
Authors: Otaki Yoichiro , Watanabe Tetsu , Shimizu Mari , Tachibana Shingo , Sato Junya , Kobayashi Yuta , Saito Yuji , Aono Tomonori , Tamura Harutoshi , Kato Shigehiko , Nishiyama Satoshi , Takahashi Hiroki , Arimoto Takanori , Watanabe Masafumi
Published: October 2022

Malnutrition, glomerular damage (GD), and renal tubular damage (RTD) are common morbidities associated with poor clinical outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients. However, the association between malnutrition and renal dysfunction and its impact on clinical outcomes in HF patients have not yet been fully elucidated. We assessed the nutritional status and renal function of 1061 consecutive HF patients. Malnutrition, GD, and RTD were defined as a controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score of ≥ 5, reduced eGFR or microalbuminuria, and levels of N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosamidase of > 14.2 U/gCr according to previous reports, respectively. Patients with RTD had a higher CONUT score and a lower prognostic nutritional index and geriatric nutritional risk index than those without. Multivariate logistic analysis demonstrated that RTD, but not GD, was significantly associated with malnutrition. There were 360 cardiac events during the median follow-up period of 688 days. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis demonstrated that comorbid malnutrition and renal dysfunction, rather than simple malnutrition, were significantly associated with cardiac events in HF patients. We found a close relationship between malnutrition and renal dysfunction in HF patients. Comorbid malnutrition and renal dysfunction were risk factors for cardiac events in HF patients, suggesting the importance of managing and treating these.
Patient positioning during pediatric cardiothoracic computed tomography using a high-resilience pad system and pre-scan measurement of chest thickness
Authors: Higuchi Satoshi , Nishii Tatsuya , Hirota Atsushi , Harumoto Shota , Horinouchi Hiroki , Tateishi Emi , Ohta Yasutoshi , Kiso Keisuke , Kurosaki Kenichi , Fukuda Tetsuya
Published: October 2022

Patient positioning at the isocenter of the CT gantry is important for optimizing image quality and radiation dose, but accurate positioning is challenging in pediatric patients. We evaluated whether the high-resilience pad and pre-scan measurement of chest thickness allow accurate positioning in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease. Sixty-seven patients aged 7 years or younger who underwent cardiothoracic CT were enrolled. The ideal table height, defined as the position at which the scanner’s and patient’s isocenters coincided, was determined by radiographers either manually (manual group) or based on the pad’s and chest’s thickness (calculated group). The distance between the two isocenters and image quality were evaluated. The calculated group demonstrated smaller isocenter distance and standard deviation (distance: 0.2 ± 5.8 mm vs. − 8.3 ± 11.6 mm, p < 0.01; absolute value: 4.1 [1.9–8.0] mm vs. 12.3 [5.1–16.3] mm, p < 0.01), and higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and dose-normalized SNR (SNRD) in the descending aorta than the manual group (SNR: 39.8 [31.0–53.7] vs. 31.9 [28.9–36.6], p = 0.048, SNRD: 39.8 [31.0–53.7] vs. 31.9 [28.9–36.6], p = 0.04). The system allowed for more accurate positioning in pediatric cardiothoracic CT, yielding higher image quality.
Artificial neural network-based model to predict the effect of γ-aminobutyric acid on salinity and drought responsive morphological traits in pomegranate
Authors: Zarbakhsh Saeedeh , Shahsavar Ali Reza
Published: October 2022

Recently, γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been introduced as a treatment with high physiological activity induction to enhance the ability of plants against drought and salinity stress, which led to a decline in plant growth. Since changes in morphological traits to drought and salinity stress are influenced by multiple factors, advanced computational analysis has great potential for computing nonlinear and multivariate data. In this work, the effect of four input variables including GABA concentration, pomegranate cultivars, days of treatment, and drought and salinity stress evaluated to predict and modeling of morphological traits using artificial neural network (ANN) models including multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF). Image processing technique was used to measure the LLI, LWI, and LAI parameters. Among the ANNs applied, the MLP algorithm was chosen as the best model based on the highest accuracy. Furthermore, to predict and estimate the optimal values of input variables for achieving the best morphological parameters, the MLP algorithm was linked to a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). Based on the results of MLP-NSGA-II, the best values of crown diameter (18.42 cm), plant height (151.82 cm), leaf length index (5.67 cm), leaf width index (1.76 cm), and leaf area index (13.82 cm) could be achieved with applying 10.57 mM GABA on ‘Atabaki’ cultivar under control (non-stress) condition after 20.8 days. The results of modeling and optimization can be helpful to predict the morphological responses to drought and salinity conditions.
Optically driven liquid crystal droplet rotator
Authors: Saito Keita , Kimura Yasuyuki
Published: October 2022

In this study, the rotation of liquid crystal droplets induced by elliptically polarized laser light was investigated using optical tweezers. The rotation mechanism was analyzed based on the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules within the droplets. The change in the rotation behavior of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) droplets was evaluated by varying the droplet size. The experimental results were analyzed based on the waveplate effect and light-scattering process. The rotation behavior of cholesteric liquid crystal droplets was examined by varying the droplet size and helical pitch, which was controlled by the chiral dopant concentration. The results are discussed in terms of the selective reflection of the incident beam by the helical structure. The dependence of the rotation frequency on the ellipticity of the incident beam was also studied. The main contribution to the rotation gradually changes from light transmission to reflection with increasing chirality of the droplet. An NLC rotator system was constructed using holographic optical tweezers. Such an optically controllable rotator is a typical micro-optomechanical device. Complex flow fields, including multiple vortex and localized shear fields, were realized at the micron scale.
High-throughput materials screening algorithm based on first-principles density functional theory and artificial neural network for high-entropy alloys
Authors: Rittiruam Meena , Noppakhun Jakapob , Setasuban Sorawee , Aumnongpho Nuttanon , Sriwattana Attachai , Boonchuay Suphawich , Saelee Tinnakorn , Wangphon Chanthip , Ektarawong Annop , Chammingkwan Patchanee , Taniike Toshiaki , Praserthdam Supareak , Praserthdam Piyasan
Published: October 2022

This work introduced the high-throughput phase prediction of PtPd-based high-entropy alloys via the algorithm based on a combined Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent potential approximation (KKR-CPA) and artificial neural network (ANN) technique. As the first step, the KKR-CPA was employed to generate 2,720 data of formation energy and lattice parameters in the framework of the first-principles density functional theory. Following the data generation, 15 features were selected and verified for all HEA systems in each phase (FCC and BCC) via ANN. The algorithm exhibited high accuracy for all four prediction models on 36,556 data from 9139 HEA systems with 137,085 features, verified by R2 closed to unity and the mean relative error (MRE) within 5%. From this dataset comprising 5002 and 4137 systems of FCC and BCC phases, it can be realized based on the highest tendency of HEA phase formation that (1) Sc, Co, Cu, Zn, Y, Ru, Cd, Os, Ir, Hg, Al, Si, P, As, and Tl favor FCC phase, (2) Hf, Ga, In, Sn, Pb, and Bi favor BCC phase, and (3) Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Rh, Ag, Ta, W, Re, Au, Ge, and Sb can be found in both FCC and BCC phases with comparable tendency, where all predictions are in good agreement with the data from the literature. Thus, the combination of KKR-CPA and ANN can reduce the computational cost for the screening of PtPd-based HEA and accurately predict the structure, i.e., FCC, BCC, etc.
Holographic cone of average entropies
Authors: Czech Bartłomiej , Shuai Sirui
Published: October 2022

The holographic entropy cone identifies entanglement entropies of field theory regions, which are consistent with representing semiclassical spacetimes under gauge/gravity (holographic) duality. It is currently known up to five regions. Here we point out that average entropies of p-partite subsystems can be similarly analyzed for arbitrarily many regions. We conjecture that the holographic cone of average entropies is simplicial and specify all its bounding inequalities and extreme rays, which combine features of perfect tensor and bipartite entanglement. Heuristically, the conjecture posits that bipartite entanglement achieves the most efficient purification consistent with a holographic spacetime interpretation. We also explain that the extreme forms of entanglement allowed by our conjecture are realized by evaporating black holes.
An ECL sensor combined with a paper electrode for the determination of phenylalanine
Authors: Torul Hilal , Çalık Kayiş Elif , Boyaci I. Hakki , Tamer Ugur
Published: October 2022

An electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor combined with a paper electrode was developed for the detection of phenylalanine (l-Phe) in blood samples.
Boosting artificial nicotinamide cofactor systems
Authors: Zachos Ioannis , Güner Samed , Essert Arabella , Lommes Peta , Sieber Volker
Published: October 2022

Developing inexpensive nicotinamide cofactor biomimetics to replace the expensive NAD(P)/H cofactors is an ongoing research activity.
A covalently linked nickel(ii) porphyrin–ruthenium(ii) tris(bipyridyl) dyad for efficient photocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Nikoloudakis Emmanouil , Alsaleh Ajyal Z. , Charalambidis Georgios , Coutsolelos Athanassios G. , D'Souza Francis
Published: October 2022

Visible-light-induced oxidation of water to dioxygen, catalyzed by a newly synthesized dyad consisting of a ruthenium tris(bipyridyl), [Ru(bpy)3]2+ as a photosensitizer, and a nickel porphyrin, NiP as a cheaper water oxidation catalyst is reported.
Chiral nanomaterials for biosensing, bioimaging, and disease therapies
Authors: Qu Aihua , Xu Liguang , Xu Chuanlai , Kuang Hua
Published: October 2022

Chiral plasmonic nanomaterials for biosensing, bioimaging and disease therapy.
Transformation of amorphous calcium phosphate to monoclinic nano-hydroxylapatite
Authors: Yan Yao , Fang Yanan , Li Jun , Yang Yongqiang , Chen Fanrong , Wu Shijun , Hooper Thomas , Jaiswal Ankit , White Tim
Published: October 2022

The transformation product of amorphous calcium phosphate without inhibitors at room temperature is monoclinic HAp rather than the more common hexagonal HAp.
Predicting pharmaceutical crystal morphology using artificial intelligence
Authors: Wilkinson Matthew R. , Martinez-Hernandez Uriel , Huggon Laura K. , Wilson Chick C. , Castro Dominguez Bernardo
Published: October 2022

We present the use of artificial intelligence to predict the morphology of crystallizing active pharmaceutical ingredients, first using publicly available data, and then using our own screening efforts to address the limitations we identified.
Accessing a regiospecific isomer and a metastable polymorph through crystal engineering and solid-state reaction
Authors: Botes Delbert S. , Khorasani Sanaz , Levendis Demetrius C. , Fernandes Manuel A.
Published: October 2022

We describe a solid-state Diels–Alder reaction where crystal engineering was used to design a reaction site yielding one regioisomer. Reaction was followed with SCXRD, compared to solution synthesis and rationalised using computational modelling.
Studies on the photoelectronic properties of a manganese (Mn)-doped lead-free double perovskite
Authors: Xue Shaoming , Wu Qiaoqian , Huo Qiuhong , Mi Jun , Guan ChengBo , Cong Wei-Yan , Zhang Zhenkui , Ren Junfeng , Lu Ying-Bo
Published: October 2022

ELF calculations and COHP analyses confirm that the Cl–Mn bonds in the Cs2AgInCl6:Mn2+ system exhibit more ionic characteristics and stronger bond strengths, which accounts for the blue-shift of the PL peak of Mn ions from Cs2AgInCl6 to Cs2NaBiCl6.
Carbon dioxide capture with zeotype materials
Authors: Fu Donglong , Davis Mark E.
Published: October 2022

This review describes the application of zeotype materials for the capture of CO2in different scenarios, the critical parameters defining the adsorption performances, and the challenges of zeolitic adsorbents for CO2capture.
Oxalate-based [CuIICrIII] coordination compounds affected by the tridentate ligand, simple anion, and reactant ratio: structural and magnetic features
Authors: Molčanov Lidija , Šenjug Pavla , Barišić Dario , Pajić Damir , Molčanov Krešimir , Jurić Marijana
Published: October 2022

In addition to the influence of terpyridine, those of the simple ion and reactant ratio on the nature of the bridge and the overall structure of seven novel oxalate-based [CuIICrIII] compounds reflecting magnetic properties were investigated.
Pentagram-type Ln15 (Ln = Dy, Tb, Eu, Sm, Ho) clusters with different anion templates: magnetic and luminescence properties
Authors: Zou Ying , Lv Wei , Xue Zhe , Pan Jie , Li Xiao-Yu , Wang Guo-Ming
Published: October 2022

Five pentagram-type Ln15 clusters with different anion templates were obtained. The pentagonal skeleton is composed of five cubane-like [Ln4(μ3-OH)4] building units. The magnetic properties and the luminescence behavior were investigated.
Chiral 2D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites based on l-histidine
Authors: Sirenko Valerii Y. , Kucheriv Olesia I. , Gumienna-Kontecka Elzbieta , Shova Sergiu , Gural'skiy Il'ya A.
Published: October 2022

The composition of new 2D chiral perovskites based on chiral l-histidine and lead halides was systematically adjusted to achieve tunable photoluminescence properties.
Oxidation and de-alloying of PtMn particle models: a computational investigation
Authors: Roongcharoen Thantip , Yang Xin , Han Shuang , Sementa Luca , Vegge Tejs , Hansen Heine Anton , Fortunelli Alessandro
Published: October 2022

We present a computational study of the energetics and mechanisms of oxidation of Pt–Mn systems.
Epoxidation of olefins enabled by an electro-organic system
Authors: Dong Kai , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhang Longcheng , Fan Xiaoya , Li Zerong , Zhao Donglin , Yue Luchao , Sun Shengjun , Luo Yongsong , Liu Qian , Alshehri Abdulmohsen Ali , Li Quan , Ma Dongwei , Sun Xuping
Published: October 2022

An integrated organic electrosynthesis system was developed with a phase-separated membrane-electrode assembly strategy, couplingin situelectrochemical H2O2production and olefin epoxidation, with only H2O and O2consumption under ambient conditions.
Multi-element Saha Boltzmann plot (MESBP) coupled calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS): an efficient approach for quantitative elemental analysis
Authors: John Lekha Mary , Issac R. C. , Sankararaman S. , Anoop K. K.
Published: October 2022

MESBP coupled CF-LIBS approach for quantitative elemental analysis of multi-element samples.
Nanocrack-based ultrasensitive wearable and skin-mountable strain sensors for human motion detection
Authors: Madhavan R.
Published: October 2022

In this work, high performance stretchable and wearable strain sensors are developed for practical applications such as human motion/health monitoring, human–machine interactive systems, soft robotics, and wearable electronics.
Recent progress of carbon dot fluorescent probes for tetracycline detection
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhang Kewang , Du Yukou
Published: October 2022

We made a detailed discussion about TCs and CDs, including the synthetic methods, doping strategies and promising prospects.
Natural product-based PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs)
Authors: Liu Miaomiao , Martyn Alexander P. , Quinn Ronald J.
Published: October 2022

Natural products exert their action by direct interaction with specific protein targets. Thus, they provide valuable starting points for the design of novel PROTAC molecules, as they present biologically pre-validated protein–ligand pairs.
Novel cytotoxic 1,10-phenanthroline–triterpenoid amphiphiles with supramolecular characteristics capable of coordinating 64Cu(ii) labels
Authors: Bildziukevich Uladzimir , Özdemir Zulal , Šaman David , Vlk Martin , Šlouf Miroslav , Rárová Lucie , Wimmer Zdeněk
Published: October 2022

Novel 1,10-phenanthroline–triterpenoid amphiphiles formed nano-assemblies in water, coordinated Cu(ii) and 64Cu(ii) salts for potential cancer monitoring and therapy, and displayed cytotoxicity partly dependent on the formation of nano-assemblies.
Photocatalyzed oxidative cleavage of CC bond to carbonyl compounds by a recyclable homogeneous carbon nitride semiconductor/aqueous system
Authors: Jia Rui , Wang Jingjing , Jiang Yuqin , Ni Bangqing , Niu Tengfei
Published: October 2022

A photocatalytic aerobic cleavage of alkynes to carbonyls in aqueous medium is described.
Exploring room-temperature ferromagnetism in WXBC (X = W, Mn, Fe) monolayers
Authors: Abdullahi Yusuf Zuntu , Ahmad Sohail , Ersan Fatih
Published: October 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal boron-carbide is a novel material that has unique properties suitable for advanced spintronics and storage applications.
Luminescence properties and energy transfer of the near-infrared phosphor Ca3In2Ge3O12:Cr3+,Nd3+
Authors: Wang Tao , Cao Lingwei , Wang Zhijun , Li Panlai
Published: October 2022

Improvement of the luminescence properties of Ca3In2Ge3O12:Cr3+,Nd3+via energy transfer and its potential application in silicon solar cells.
Novel imidazolium-thiohydantoin hybrids and their Mn(iii) complexes for antimicrobial and anti-liver cancer applications
Authors: Ismail Lamia A. , Zakaria R. , Hassan Eman M. , Alfaifi Mohammad Y. , Shati Ali A. , Elbehairi Serag Eldin I. , El-Bindary A. A. , Elshaarawy Reda F. M.
Published: October 2022

We present the effective synthesis and structural characterization of three novel imidazolium-thiohydantoin ligands (IMTHs, 5a–c) and their Mn(iii) complexes (Mn(iii)IMTHs, 6a–c) in this study.
Transcriptome-wide profiling of N6-methyladenosine via a selective chemical labeling method
Authors: Xie Yalun , Han Shaoqing , Li Qiming , Fang Zhentian , Yang Wei , Wei Qi , Wang Yafen , Zhou Yu , Weng Xiaocheng , Zhou Xiang
Published: October 2022

m6A-ORL-Seq: A chemical labeling method for transcriptome-wide m6A profiling.
Intermolecular dearomative [4 + 2] cycloaddition of naphthalenes via visible-light energy-transfer-catalysis
Authors: Rai Pramod , Maji Kakoli , Jana Sayan K. , Maji Biplab
Published: October 2022

Constructing 3D molecular scaffolds from aromatic hydrocarbons is challenging. Herein, we report dearomative [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of naphthalenes via visible-light EnT catalysis which overcomes issues of unfavorable thermodynamics, low yields, and selectivity.
Rh-catalyzed regio-switchable cross-coupling of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes with allylboronates to structurally diverse fluorinated dienes
Authors: Zeng Yaxin , Yang Hui , Du Jiayi , Huang Qin , Huang Guoliang , Xia Ying
Published: October 2022

Rh-catalyzed regio-switchable cross-coupling reactions of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes with allylboronates have been developed. Fluorinated 1,4-dienes, 1,5-dienes and 1,3-dienes are produced in good yields with excellent regioselectivity.
Robust and promising hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions by a nanostructured bifunctional FeCoPd alloy electrocatalyst
Authors: Kumar Ankur , Purkayastha Siddhartha K. , Guha Ankur K. , Das Manash R. , Deka Sasanka
Published: October 2022

The use of FeCoPd alloy nanoparticles as a promising bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction is demonstrated. DFT calculations further validate the proposed high efficiency mechanism corroborating with experimental results.
Plasmon photothermal-promoted solar photocatalytic hydrogen production over a CoCr2O4/g-C3N4heterojunction
Authors: Xiong Renzhi , Tang Changcun , Li Kunjiao , Wan Jiabao , Jia Weifeng , Xiao Yanhe , Cheng Baochang , Lei Shuijin
Published: October 2022

The photothermal effect of CoCr2O4is reported for the first time and applied in solar photocatalytic hydrogen production by the construction of CoCr2O4/g-C3N4heterojunction.
Hydrolysis of ionic clusters to induce interconnective sieving pores in ion-conductive membranes for vanadium flow batteries
Authors: Pang Bo , Fan Zihao , Chen Wanting , Yan Xiaoming , Du Ruohan , Wang Xiaozhou , Wu Xuemei , Cui Fujun , Guo Minggang , He Gaohong
Published: October 2022

Interconnective sieving pores are fabricated by the hydrolysis of ionic clusters in precursor ion-conductive membranes to provide a versatile strategy for the proton transport-ion selectivity trade-off in vanadium flow batteries.
Constructing anisotropic conical graphene aerogels with concentric annular structures for highly thermally conductive phase change composites towards efficient solar–thermal–electric energy conversion
Authors: Zhao Hao-Yu , Shu Chao , Min Peng , Li Changjun , Deng Wenchao , Yang Jing , Li Xiaofeng , Yu Zhong-Zhen
Published: October 2022

Conical graphene aerogels with concentric annular structures are designed for thermally conductive phase change composites towards efficient solar–thermal–electric energy conversion.
Current status and future prospects of nanoscale metal–organic frameworks in bioimaging
Authors: Nazari Mahsa , Saljooghi Amir Sh. , Ramezani Mohammad , Alibolandi Mona , Mirzaei Masoud
Published: October 2022

The importance of diagnosis andin situmonitoring of lesion regions and transportation of bioactive molecules has a pivotal effect on successful treatment, reducing side effects, and increasing the chances of survival in the case of diseases.
Deep-red to near-infrared emission of binuclear platinum(ii) complexes by breaking hydrogen bonds
Authors: Xie Mingying , Yu Muxin , Liu Caiping , Zhao Yunfang , Li Zhijia , Li Shengchang , Jiang Feilong , Chen Lian , Hong Maochun
Published: October 2022

Three binuclear platinum(ii) complexes have been synthesized, exhibiting deep-red to near-infrared emissions. The electron-donating groups of and hydrogen bonds play important roles in the regulation of emissions.
The long and the short of Periscope Proteins
Authors: Whelan Fiona
Published: October 2022

Bacteria sense, interact with, and modify their environmental niche by deploying a molecular ensemble at the cell surface. The changeability of this exposed interface, combined with extreme changes in the functional repertoire associated with lifestyle switches from planktonic to adherent and biofilm states necessitate dynamic variability. Dynamic surface changes include chemical modifications to the cell wall; export of diverse extracellular biofilm components; and modulation of expression of cell surface proteins for adhesion, co-aggregation and virulence. Local enrichment for highly repetitive proteins with high tandem repeat identity has been an enigmatic phenomenon observed in diverse bacterial species. Preliminary observations over decades of research suggested these repeat regions were hypervariable, as highly related strains appeared to express homologues with diverse molecular mass. Long-read sequencing data have been interrogated to reveal variation in repeat number; in combination with structural, biophysical and molecular dynamics approaches, the Periscope Protein class has been defined for cell surface attached proteins that dynamically expand and contract tandem repeat tracts at the population level. Here, I review the diverse high-stability protein folds and coherent interdomain linkages culminating in the formation of highly anisotropic linear repeat arrays, so-called rod-like protein ‘stalks’, supporting roles in bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, cell surface spatial competition, and immune system modulation. An understanding of the functional impacts of dynamic changes in repeat arrays and broader characterisation of the unusual protein folds underpinning this variability will help with the design of immunisation strategies, and contribute to synthetic biology approaches including protein engineering and microbial consortia construction.
Mechanistic insights into protein folding by the eukaryotic chaperonin complex CCT
Authors: Smith Theresa M. , Willardson Barry M.
Published: October 2022

The cytosolic chaperonin CCT is indispensable to eukaryotic life, folding the cytoskeletal proteins actin and tubulin along with an estimated 10% of the remaining proteome. However, it also participates in human diseases such as cancer and viral infections, rendering it valuable as a potential therapeutic target. CCT consists of two stacked rings, each comprised of eight homologous but distinct subunits, that assists the folding of a remarkable substrate clientele that exhibits both broad diversity and specificity. Much of the work in recent years has been aimed at understanding the mechanisms of CCT substrate recognition and folding. These studies have revealed new binding sites and mechanisms by which CCT uses its distinctive subunit arrangement to fold structurally unrelated substrates. Here, we review recent structural insights into CCT-substrate interactions and place them into the broader context of CCT function and its implications for human health.
Pediatric Voice Therapy: How Many Sessions to Discharge?
Authors: Fujiki Robert Brinton , Thibeault Susan L.
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

Voice therapy is the primary treatment for children presenting with benign morphological vocal fold changes. This study examined the number of voice therapy sessions required to meet treatment goals and identified factors that predicted treatment length for pediatric voice patients.

Method:

An observational cohort design was employed. Data were extracted from the University of Wisconsin–Madison Voice and Swallow Outcome Database. This study examined 62 children who completed a course of voice therapy with a speech-language pathologist (SLP) addressing dysphonia caused by benign vocal fold lesions. Extracted data included patient demographics, auditory-perceptual assessments, acoustic and aerodynamic voice measures, videostroboscopy ratings, and medical comorbidities. Linear regression was used to identify predictors of number of therapy sessions.

Results:

Patients received an average of 7.5 sessions of voice therapy prior to discharge. Baseline auditory-perceptual assessment of dysphonia (
p
= .032), phonation threshold pressure (PTP,
p
= .005), Glottal Function Index (GFI) score (
p
= .006), and glottic closure pattern (
p
= .023) were significant predictors of number of voice therapy sessions. These measures, as well as hourglass glottic closure, predicted longer intervention duration. The regression model had an overall
r
2
of .62.

Conclusions:

Pediatric voice therapy addressing benign vocal fold lesions and/or laryngeal edema required an average of 7.54 sessions before voice outcomes were sufficiently improved for discharge. More severe overall SLP ratings of dysphonia, GFI scores, PTP, or hourglass glottic closure pattern significantly predicted increased number of therapy sessions prior to discharge. Future work should determine what other factors affect treatment duration and how the efficiency of pediatric voice therapy can be maximized.
Magnetically arrested accretion disks launching structured jets in application to GRB and AGN engines
Authors: Janiuk Agnieszka , James Bestin
Published: October 2022

Context. We explore the formation, energetics, and geometry of relativistic jets along with the variability of their central engine. We study both fast and slowly rotating black holes and address our simulations to active galaxy centers as well as gamma ray burst engines.

Aims. The structured jets are postulated to account for emission properties of high energy sources across the mass scale, launched from stellar mass black holes in gamma ray bursts (GRBs) and from supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Their active cores contain magnetized accretion disks and the rotation of the Kerr black hole provides a mechanism for launching relativistic jets. This process works most effectively if the mode of accretion turns out to be magnetically arrested. In this mode, the modulation of jets launched from the engine is related to internal instabilities in the accretion flow that operate on smallest time and spatial scales. As these scales are related to the light-crossing time and the black hole gravitational radius, the universal model of jet-disk connection is expected to scale with the mass of the black hole.

Methods. We investigated the jet-disk connection by means of 3D general relativistic magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of the magnetically arrested disk accretion in Kerr geometry. We also quantified the variability of the disk by means of a Fourier analysis.

Results. We found that the system evolution is governed by the physical parameters of the engine, such as the black hole spin and disk size, as well as disk magnetization, and we applied our scenarios to typical types of sources in AGN and GRB classes. We found that the magnetically arrested disk (MAD) scenario is applicable to AGN engines and supports persistent jet emissions. It can also be applied to GRBs, as it gives the variability pattern roughly consistent with observations. However, in some cases, strong magnetic fields may lead to jet quenching, and this effect is found to be important mainly for GRB jets. We speculate that it may be related to the strength of magnetically driven winds from the GRB engines.
No evidence for radius inflation in hot Jupiters from vertical advection of heat
Authors: Schneider Aaron David , Carone Ludmila , Decin Leen , Jørgensen Uffe Gråe , Helling Christiane
Published: October 2022

Elucidating the radiative-dynamical coupling between the upper photosphere and deeper atmosphere may be key to our understanding of the abnormally large radii of hot Jupiters. Very long integration times of 3D general circulation models (GCMs) with self-consistent radiative transfer are needed to obtain a more comprehensive picture of the feedback processes between dynamics and radiation. Here, we present the longest 3D nongray GCM study to date (86000 d) of an ultra-hot Jupiter (WASP-76 b) that has reached a final converged state. Furthermore, we present a method that can be used to accelerate the path toward temperature convergence in the deep atmospheric layers. We find that the final converged temperature profile is cold in the deep atmospheric layers, lacking any sign of vertical transport of potential temperature by large-scale atmospheric motions. We therefore conclude that coupling between radiation and dynamics alone is not sufficient to explain the abnormally large radii of inflated hot gas giants.
Nuclear star cluster formation in star-forming dwarf galaxies
Authors: Fahrion Katja , Bulichi Teodora-Elena , Hilker Michael , Leaman Ryan , Lyubenova Mariya , Müller Oliver , Neumayer Nadine , Pinna Francesca , Rejkuba Marina , van de Ven Glenn
Published: October 2022

Nuclear star clusters (NSCs) are massive star clusters found in all types of galaxies from dwarfs to massive galaxies. Recent studies show that while low-mass NSCs in dwarf galaxies (Mgal <  109 M⊙) form predominantly out of the merger of globular clusters (GCs), high-mass NSCs in massive galaxies have assembled most of their mass through central enriched star formation. So far, these results of a transition in the dominant NSC formation channel have been based on studies of early-type galaxies and massive late-type galaxies. Here, we present the first spectroscopic analysis of a sample of nine nucleated late-type dwarf galaxies with the aim of identifying the dominant NSC formation pathway. We use integral-field spectroscopy data obtained with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) instrument to analyse the ages, metallicities, star formation histories, and star formation rates of the NSCs and their surroundings. Our sample includes galaxies with stellar masses Mgal = 107 − 109 M⊙ and NSC masses MNSC = 6 × 104 − 6 × 106 M⊙. Although all NSC spectra show emission lines, this emission is not always connected to star formation within the NSC, but rather to other regions along the line of sight. The NSC star formation histories reveal that metal-poor and old populations dominate the stellar populations in five NSCs, possibly stemming from the inspiral of GCs. The NSCs of the most massive galaxies in our sample show significant contributions from young and enriched populations that indicate additional mass growth through central star formation. Our results support previous findings of a transition in the dominant NSC formation channel with galaxy mass, showing that the NSCs in low-mass galaxies predominantly grow through the inspiral of GCs, while central star formation can contribute to NSC growth in more massive galaxies.
On 2-matching covered graphs and 2-matching deleted graphs
Authors: Dai Guowei
Published: October 2022

For a family of connected graphs A, a spanning subgraph H of a graph G is called an A-factor of G if each component of H is isomorphic to some graph in A. A graph G has a perfect 2-matching if G has a spanning subgraph H such that each component of H is either an edge or a cycle, i.e., H is a {P2, Ci|i ≥ 3}-factor of G. A graph G is said to be 2-matching covered if, for every edge e ∈ E(G), there is a perfect 2-matching Me of G such that e belongs to Me. A graph G is called a 2-matching deleted graph if, for every edge e ∈ E(G), G − e possesses a perfect 2-matching. In this paper, we first obtain respective new characterizations for 2-matching covered graphs in bipartite and non-bipartite graphs by new proof technologies, distinct from Hetyei’s or Berge’s classical results. Secondly, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a graph to be a 2-matching deleted graph. Thirdly, we we prove that planar graphs with minimum degree at least 4 and K1,r-free graphs (r ≥ 3) with minimum degree at least r + 1 are 2-matching deleted graphs, respectively.
A fixed-parameter algorithm for a unit-execution-time unit-communication-time tasks scheduling problem with a limited number of identical processors
Authors: Kordon Alix Munier , Tang Ning
Published: October 2022

This paper considers the minimization of the maximum lateness for a set of dependent tasks with unit duration, unit communication delays release times and due dates. The number of processors is limited, and each task requires one processor for its execution. A time window built from an upper bound of the minimum maximum lateness is associated to each task. The parameter considered is the pathwidth of the associated interval graph. A fixed-parameter algorithm based on a dynamic programming approach is developed to solve this optimization problem. This is, as far as we know, the first fixed-parameter algorithm for a scheduling problem with communication delays and a limited number of processors.
Repetitive Therapie mit Levosimendan reduziert NT-proBNP und verbessert NYHA-Klasse
Authors: Wechsler Maximilian , Schwinger Robert H. G.
Published: October 2022

Nach Ausschöpfung aller leitliniengerechten Maßnahmen (OMT der Herzinsuffizienz; ESC-Leitlinien 2016, 2021) können chronisch herzinsuffiziente Patienten mit akuter Dekompensation
additiv mit dem Calcium-Sensitizer Levosimendan therapiert werden. Dies kann zu einer Steigerung der Ejektionsfraktion sowie anderen positiven Effekten wie Gewichtsabnahme und
Verbesserung der NYHA-Klasse führen und so die Symptomatik der Patienten verbessern.

Seit 4 Jahren wird ein bei Erstvorstellung 78-jähriger Patient mit ischämischer Kardiomyopathie (EF < 20%) wiederholt bei auftretender Verschlechterung der Beschwerdesymptomatik
(Luftnot, Gewichtszunahme, NYHA-Klasse III–IV) wegen Linksherzdekompensation behandelt. Bei Dyspnoe in Ruhe und schneller Erschöpfung erfolgte auch eine EKG-Registrierung, ein
Echokardiogramm sowie eine Laboruntersuchung. Nach initialer Steigerung der Diuretikadosis und nach Anpassung und Optimierung der aktuellen Herzinsuffizienzmedikation (OMT) wurde
zur Steigerung der Ejektionsfraktion der Calcium-Sensitizer Levosimendan (0,1 µg/kg/min, nach 6 Stunden 0,2 µg/kg/min) verabreicht. Im Beobachtungszeitraum wurde 14-mal mit
Levosimendan therapiert. Im initialen Aufenthalt (NT-proBNP 8921 pg/ml) wurde zudem bei hochgradiger Mitralinsuffizienz ein Mitralclipping vorgenommen. Nach Levosimendangabe zeigte
sich jeweils ein deutlicher Abfall des NT-proBNP-Wertes sowie eine Verbesserung der Symptomatik (Abnahme von Gewicht und NYHA-Klasse). Die Nierenfunktion verbesserte sich.

Bei chronischer Herzinsuffizienz mit rezidivierenden Linksherzdekompensationen kann die repetitive Gabe von Levosimendan die Ejektionsfraktion verbessern sowie den NT-proBNP-Wert
und das Gewicht verringern und somit zu einer Reduktion der Beschwerdesymptomatik (NYHA-Klasse) des Patienten führen und eine weitere ambulante Therapieführung ermöglichen.
Regelmäßig erhobene NT-proBNP-Werte können in der intraindividuellen Beurteilung auch unterstützend mit zur Indikationsstellung für eine additive Therapie zusätzlich zur OMT mit
z. B. Levosimendan oder Vericiguat beitragen.
Therapie der Aortenklappenstenose jenseits des Klappenersatzes – Was bringt die Zukunft?
Authors: Billig Hannah , Goody Philip , Nickenig Georg
Published: October 2022

Die kalzifizierende Aortenklappenstenose stellt die häufigste interventionell oder operativ behandlungsbedürftige Herzklappenerkrankung im Erwachsenenalter dar und betrifft insbesondere
Menschen höheren Lebensalters. Obwohl der Fortschritt interventioneller Therapieoptionen die Behandlung der Aortenklappenstenose in den letzten Jahren verbessern konnte, ist die
symptomatische Aortenklappenstenose weiterhin mit hoher Morbidität und Letalität assoziiert. Ihre Pathophysiologie ist gekennzeichnet durch eine Fibrosierung und Kalzifizierung der
Klappentaschen, welche zu deren progredienter Verdickung und Versteifung und letztendlich zur Obstruktion der Klappe mit erschwertem Blutfluss in die Aorta führen. Da sich die Betroffenen
meist im fortgeschrittenen Alter befinden und weitere Begleiterkrankungen aufweisen, ist ein operativer oder interventioneller Ersatz der Aortenklappe mit einem höheren Eingriffsrisiko und
verlängerter Rekonvaleszenzzeit der Patienten verbunden. Die häufig begleitend auftretende periphere vaskuläre Verschlusskrankheit kann die Nutzung der peripheren Zugangswege im Rahmen des
transluminalen Vorgehens unmöglich machen und die transapikale Punktion mit konsekutiv erhöhtem Eingriffsrisiko erfordern.

Eine limitierte Lebenserwartung, z. B. im Rahmen von neoplastischen Erkrankungen, kann darüber hinaus eine Kontraindikation zur operativen und interventionellen Versorgung darstellen.

Aktuell gibt es keine spezifische medikamentöse Therapie, die Initiation und Progression dieser bedeutenden Erkrankung beeinflussen kann und eine Alternative zum Klappenersatz für diese
vulnerablen Patientenkollektive darstellt. Ein besseres Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden komplexen Pathophysiologie hat zur Entwicklung und Erprobung innovativer medikamentöser
Therapieansätze geführt. Diese neuartigen Therapien befinden sich im Moment allesamt noch in Prüfung durch präklinische und klinische Studien und sollen in diesem Übersichtsartikel
adressiert werden.
Frühe Herzklappentherapie bei asymptomatischen Patienten – was gilt schon jetzt?
Authors: Dumpies Oliver , Pausch Jonas , Reichenspurner Hermann , Thiele Holger
Published: October 2022

Bei einer asymptomatischen hochgradigen Aortenklappenstenose (AS) mit normaler linksventrikulärer Funktion sollte eine „Watchful-Waiting“-Strategie verfolgt werden. Asymptomatische
Patienten mit Risikofaktoren, wie sehr schwere AS, schwere kalzifizierter AS oder 3-fach erhöhtem proBNP-Level, können bei niedrigem operativem Risiko eine Intervention erhalten. Erste
randomisierte Studien weisen auf einen Vorteil des frühzeitigen Aortenklappenersatzes bei niedrigem OP-Risiko hin.

Für Patienten mit einer asymptomatischen hochgradigen Aortenklappeninsuffizienz sollte bei niedrigem operativem Risiko bereits frühzeitig eine OP erwogen werden, wenn sich Zeichen der
linksventrikulären Schädigung zeigen.

Bei asymptomatischer primärer Mitralklappeninsuffizienz (MI) kann die chirurgische Mitralklappenrekonstruktion bereits vor dem Auftreten einer linksventrikulären Dilatation oder
anderweitigen Folgeschäden erwogen werden, falls mit einer hohen Rekonstruktionswahrscheinlichkeit zu rechnen ist.
Kathetergestützte Therapien der Trikuspidalklappe – Aktuelles jenseits der Leitlinien
Authors: Schöber Anne Rebecca , Lurz Phillip C.
Published: October 2022

Innerhalb von weniger als einer Dekade ist die Trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienz (TI) von einer „vergessenen“ Erkrankung zu einem wichtigen wissenschaftlichen und klinischen Eckpunkt der
kardiovaskulären Medizin geworden. Aus der Notwendigkeit heraus, Therapieoptionen auch für Hochrisikopatienten anbieten zu können, wurden vielversprechende kathetergestützte Verfahren
entwickelt. Diese haben zum Teil bereits im klinischen Alltag, jedoch in Abwesenheit abgeschlossener prospektiver Studien noch nicht in Gänze in die Leitlinien Einzug gehalten. Die
Entscheidungen bezüglich der Patientenauswahl und des Therapieverfahrens müssen daher zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt auf Basis von retrospektiven Studien und pathophysiologischen Überlegungen
getroffen werden. Hierbei spielt die interdisziplinäre Beurteilung dieser Aspekte im Heart Team eine wichtige Rolle, mit dem Ziel, immer mehr Patienten einem optimalen Therapiekonzept
zuführen zu können.
The Role of Ultrasound in Chronic Intestinal Diseases in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Vallone Gianfranco , Pizzicato Paolo , Rossi Eugenio , Brunese Luca
Published: October 2022

Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, with an increasing incidence in pediatric populations. Ultrasound of the intestinal wall represents the first-line imaging technique in children since it is a noninvasive method, is free of ionizing radiation, and is inexpensive. Furthermore, the absence of intestinal wall thickening has a good negative predictive value for IBD, which is greater for Crohn’s disease than for ulcerative colitis. Ultrasound is used for the diagnosis of disease, for the differential diagnosis in IBD, in the follow-up of known IBD, in the definition of the site and extent of the disease, for the diagnosis of intestinal complications, for the evaluation of disease activity, in the definition of prognostic parameters, and in the post-operative follow-up.
Stärkt die Tiergestützte Therapie die sozialen Kompetenzen bei der ADHS?
Authors: Mayer Julia Doreen
Published: October 2022

Die Tiergestützte Therapie kommt in der Psychiatrie häufig zum Einsatz – und das nicht ohne Grund: Es ist bekannt, dass Tiere einen positiven Einfluss auf Menschen haben. Ob der Kontakt zu Tieren sich auch effektiv auf den Verlauf der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung auswirkt, erörtert unsere Autorin.
Therapie der sekundären Mitralklappeninsuffizienz – Strategien eines interuniversitären Verbundes
Authors: Iliadis Christos , Kavsur Refik , Spieker Maximilian , Zachoval Christian , Becher Marc Ulrich , Westenfeld Ralf , Pfister Roman
Published: October 2022

Die sekundäre Mitralinsuffizienz ist bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz häufig und mit einem schlechten Verlauf assoziiert. Aufgrund des hohen OP-Risikos war die Therapie traditionell auf
eine Behandlung der Herzinsuffizienz beschränkt. Die Entwicklung von kathetergestützten Techniken ermöglicht nun die Behandlung mit geringem Risiko. Wenngleich die Studienevidenz immer noch
begrenzt ist, erfolgte in den aktuellen Leitlinien der europäischen Fachgesellschaften eine Aufwertung der kathetergestützten Therapie für ausgewählte Patienten mit hohem OP-Risiko und hoher
Wahrscheinlichkeit für ein Therapieansprechen. Dennoch bleiben viele Fragen offen, was die Rolle der chirurgischen Behandlung und auch die Patientenselektion für kathetergestützte
Therapieverfahren angeht. Hier beschreiben wir den aktuellen Stand der Behandlung der sekundären Mitralinsuffizienz und zeigen Strategien von transuniversitären Verbundprojekten mit dem
Ziel, Evidenz für die Behandlung dieser Patienten zu entwickeln.
Funktionelle Trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienz – Klinische und echokardiografische Parameter für die Auswahl von Patient und Verfahren
Authors: Körber Maria Isabel , Rudolph Volker
Published: October 2022

Die sekundäre Trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienz (TI) ist ein häufiger Klappenfehler und führt oft erst in fortgeschrittenen Stadien zu Symptomen. Die Prognose von betroffenen Patienten ist
eingeschränkt und die perioperative Letalität bei konventioneller Chirurgie der isolierten TI hoch, sodass kathetergestützte Verfahren einen enormen technischen Fortschritt in den letzten
Jahren gemacht haben. Zudem hat die anatomische und auch klinische Patientenauswahl an Bedeutung gewonnen, da sowohl in der klinischen Präsentation als auch in der individuellen Anatomie der
Trikuspidalklappe eine große Variabilität herrscht. Klinisch ist bzw. sind insbesondere das Vorhandensein einer (präkapillären) pulmonalen Hypertonie oder fortgeschrittene Stadien des
Rechtsherz-Remodelings mit einer reduzierten Prognose nach kathetergestützten Eingriffen assoziiert. Zudem sind relevante Komorbiditäten und funktionelle Fitness/Gebrechlichkeit zu
evaluieren. Echokardiografisch ist die funktionelle TI durch eine Anulus- und/oder rechtsventrikuläre bzw. rechtsatriale Dilatation gekennzeichnet, welche zu Koaptationsdefekten der
Trikuspidalklappensegel und einer Zügelung der Segel („Tethering“) führen können. Die Ausprägung dieser Parameter sowie die Anulusgröße, der Schweregrad der TI und das Vorhandensein von
transvalvulären Sonden im Bezug zur Trikuspidalklappe sind die wichtigsten echokardiografischen Parameter, die in die Patientenauswahl einfließen müssen.
Congenital Limb Defects: A Retrospective Cohort Study and Overview of the Literature
Authors: Oelmeier Kathrin , Schmitz Ralf , Dera Izabela , Plaßmann Margit , Braun Janina , Willy Daniela , Sourouni Marina , Köster Helen Ann , Steinhard Johannes , Röpke Albrecht , Klockenbusch Walter , Möllers Mareike
Published: October 2022

Purpose Congenital limb defects are common malformations that are often associated with other organ defects and genetic disorders. Since prenatal detection is challenging and classification is often complex, the aim of this study was to describe a large cohort of fetuses with congenital limb defects and to identify characteristics that are essential for prenatal evaluation, counselling, and management.

Materials and Methods In this retrospective cohort study, all cases of confirmed fetal limb defects from two centers for prenatal ultrasound between 2001 and 2021 were evaluated. Cases with skeletal dysplasia were excluded from this study. Demographic data, association with genetic disorders, and correlation with maternal parameters were analyzed statistically.

Results 170 fetuses were included in this study. 60% were diagnosed with a reduction anomaly and 40% with a duplication anomaly. The majority of fetuses were male, and in 73.5% of all cases, additional malformations were present. Among the genetic causes, trisomy 13 and 18 were the most common in this cohort.

Conclusion Congenital limb malformations are important markers for complex fetal disorders that warrant referral to specialists in prenatal ultrasound. To improve prenatal detection, care should be taken to visualize all fetal extremities already in early pregnancy.