bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti‐Porphyromonas gingivalis Antibody Levels in Patients With Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Cannavo Alessandro , Babajani Nastaran , Saeedian Behrad , Ghondaghsaz Elina , Rengo Sandro , Khalaji Amirmohammad , Behnoush Amir Hossein
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke are two highly related conditions, with periodontitis and periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), appearing to be the most prominent common risk factors. In this study, we evaluated studies assessing Pg infection via serum/plasma anti‐Pg antibodies in patients with AF and/or stroke.

Material and Methods

Online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Web of Science) were screened for studies showing the association between anti‐Pg antibodies with stroke and/or AF. Relevant data were extracted, and a subsequent random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) or standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for Pg seropositivity or anti‐Pg antibody levels in stroke patients compared to controls.

Results

Sixteen studies were included in the systematic review. Based on the meta‐analysis performed, there was no significant difference in Pg IgA and IgG levels between patients with stroke and controls (IgA: SMD 0.11, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.25, p = 0.1; IgG: SMD −0.12, 95% CI −1.24 to 0.99, p = 0.83). Similarly, no difference was observed between these groups in terms of Pg IgA and IgG seropositivity (IgA: OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.06–2.50, p = 0.026; IgG: OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.39–3.78, p < 0.001). Subsequently, we reviewed the results of six articles investigating serum or plasma IgG antibodies against Pg in patients with AF. Our results revealed a strict association between Pg infection and AF, with AF patients exhibiting either higher anti‐Pg antibody levels or a higher prevalence of positive serum Pg antibodies.

Conclusions

Our study supports the clinical utility of Pg infection assessment in patients with periodontitis and those with AF and solicits more focused studies to corroborate its use in clinical settings to enhance overall outcomes, reduce the risk of complications like stroke, and help fine‐tune personalized therapies.
Linking green supply chain management practices with perceived environmental performance: A mediated moderation model
Authors: Hosain Md Sajjad , Mustafi Mohitul Ameen Ahmed
Published: November 2024

This empirical study intends to identify the relationships between three green supply chain management practices (GSCMPs) [green purchase (GP1), green production (GP2) and employee green orientation (EGO)]; and perceived environmental performance (PEP) based on stakeholder theory. The study also included one mediator, perceived social responsibility (PSR) to test its mediating effects in three direct relationships and one moderator, perceived regulatory pressure (PRP), to test the moderation in the relationship between PSR and PEP. The study used a deductive methodology based on a cross‐sectional survey design. IBM SPSS 29 was used for descriptive analysis and a variance‐based partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM) (through PLS 4.0) was used for testing the hypothesised relationships. The study found that, first of all, all the three independent constructs have significant positive relationships with the dependent variable, PEP. Second, GP2 and EGO have significant positive relationships with the mediator, PSR while GP1 has an insignificant relationship with PSR. Third, the mediator (PSR) is positively related to PEP. Fourth, regarding the mediating effects, the study identified that PSR partially mediates the relationships between GP2 and PEP as well as between EGO and PEP while PSR does not mediate the relationship between GP1 and PEP. Finally, the study identified that PRP strengthens the positive relationship between PSR and PEP. It is strongly anticipated that this empirical study will spark further theoretical research and empirical experiments on GSCMP‐oriented environmental performance. The study incorporated two unique variables as mediator and moderator that can open a new avenue for the upcoming research initiatives. Furthermore, the study's findings can serve as a foundation for the policymakers and/or managers working on the formulation and implementation of green supply chain management‐related policies and strategies.
Design of a Multiband Antenna Using Auxiliary Classifier Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network for IoT Applications
Authors: Bessant Y. R. Annie
Published: November 2024

The rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) applications presents unprecedented challenges for antenna design, demanding solutions that are versatile, efficient, and capable of operating across multiple frequency bands. This paper addresses these challenges through the development of a design of a multiband antenna using Auxiliary Classifier Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network for IoT applications (DMA‐ACWGAN‐IoT). Here, the Auxiliary Classifier Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network (ACWGAN) is employed to generate synthetic data representing electromagnetic field distributions and antenna characteristics across various frequencies. The proposed metamaterial‐based Multiple‐Input Multiple‐Output (MIMO) antenna contains four discrete elements, each provided by a micro strip feed. The structures overall width and length are 60 and 52 mm. The metamaterial is printed on a patch and dispersed from the fields with the most effective coupling. The proposed structures strong impedance bandwidth works at 8.3 GHz, 10.8 GHz, 12.3 GHz, 13.7 GHz, 16.1 GHz, and 18.1 GHz, fabricating the proposed antenna prototype using a substrate made of FR‐4 material. The proposed DMA‐ACWGAN‐IoT design provides 6.5 dB maximum gain and 25.40%, 21.60%, and 20.05% higher efficiency compared to existing dual band antenna design with resonance frequency prediction under machine learning models (DBA‐PRF‐ML), machine learning verification depending on a distinctive SWB multiple slotted four‐port high isolated MIMO antenna loaded with metasurface for the applications of IoT (SWB‐MIMO‐IOT‐ML), and dual‐band miniaturized composite right–left‐handed transmission line ZOR antenna along machine learning method for microwave communication (DB‐ZORA‐MC‐ML).
Optimized Graph Sample and Aggregate‐Attention Network‐Based High Gain Meta Surface Antenna Design for IoT Application
Authors: Rohit Penki , Datta Amlan , Satyanarayana Moturi
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a High Gain Metasurface (HGM) antenna design optimized for IoT applications. The antenna operates at a 5.8 GHz frequency and utilizes a quarter‐wavelength unit cell structure. The design employs a Graph Sample and Aggregate‐Attention Network (GSAAN) to enhance the transmission characteristics of the metasurface. To optimize the performance of GSAAN, the Giza Pyramids Construction Algorithm (GPCN) is applied to adjust the weight parameters, leading to significant improvements in radiation efficiency, bandwidth, gain, directivity, and return loss. The proposed HGM antenna is simulated in MATLAB 2023b, where it demonstrates substantial performance gains over existing methods. Specifically, the proposed design achieves 28.34% higher gain compared to the MSA‐RHCOA method, 24.47% improvement over HGM‐AD‐MATCS, 26.34% better gain than BR‐HGA‐PGM, and a 32.12% gain increase relative to MSA‐Hyb‐ADSA‐HMSOA. These enhancements make the proposed antenna design a competitive solution for high‐gain applications in wireless communication, satellite communication, and radar systems. The integration of GSAAN with GPCN optimization in the HGM antenna design enables the creation of highly directive radiation patterns, making it well‐suited for IoT applications that require high performance and reliability. The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in achieving superior antenna performance, positioning it as a strong alternative to existing metasurface antenna designs.
Global Disease Burden Attributable to High Body Mass Index in Young Adults From 1990 to 2019, With Projections to 2050: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Wang Jingxuan , Huang Yue , Feng Nannan , Xu Lan , Du Xihao , Chen Meng , Yang Guangrui , Li Yiyuan , Wang Hui , Zhong Victor W.
Published: November 2024

Aims

The global historical and projected health impacts of the escalating burden of obesity on young adults, who are particularly susceptible to weight gain during transitional life stages, remain insufficiently understood.

Materials and Methods

Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we analysed the disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) and deaths attributable to high body mass index (BMI) among young adults aged 20–44 years globally and by age, sex, year, location and disease between 1990 and 2019. Future projections until 2050 were further assessed.

Results

The global burden for young adults attributable to high BMI more than doubled from 1990 to 2019, reaching 24,509.8 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 20,191.8–28,966.0) thousand for DALYs and 321.9 (258.3–384.2) thousand for deaths. Males had a higher burden and faster increase than females. The burden escalated with advancing age. From 1990 to 2019, regions with middle Socio‐demographic Index (SDI) replaced regions with high‐middle SDI to have the highest age‐standardized rates of DALYs and deaths, while regions with low‐middle SDI witnessed the largest rise. Stroke, ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus were consistently the top three causes of high BMI‐related burden, together accounting for 74.7% (70.8–78.4) for DALYs and 81.2% (77.6–84.2) for deaths in 2019. By 2050, the age‐standardized rates of DALYs due to high BMI tripled that in 1990, with the corresponding rates for deaths expected to double. Among the 10 most populous countries, India was projected to have the highest rates and the fastest increase in both DALYs and deaths by 2050.

Conclusions

The escalating disease burden attributable to high BMI in young adults, marked by notable demographic and geographic variations, highlights the urgent need for tailored public health interventions on weight management during young adulthood.
Understanding the effects of livestock grazing on dryland plant communities within the context of abiotic variability
Authors: Carpenter Scott M. , Burke Ingrid C. , Lauenroth William K.
Published: November 2024

Drylands, which cover more than 40% of the Earth's terrestrial surface, face rising agricultural demand and the influence of climate change. Understanding how livestock grazing pressure and local climate affect these environments is pivotal for informed land management. We studied big sagebrush plant communities in southwestern Wyoming over grazing gradients created by artificial livestock watering points. To explore the role of abiotic factors in shaping plant community response to grazing, we assessed the response of plant functional groups to grazing while accounting for soil texture variability across a precipitation gradient. Our models estimated that sagebrush cover responded positively to grazing intensity, with a 6% increase in cover with intensity when comparing the heaviest grazing treatment with the lowest grazing intensity. Perennial bunchgrass cover, the primary forage component, had a small negative response, a 3% decrease in cover from the lowest grazing intensity to the highest. Grazing intensity had no effect on bunchgrass density, perennial forbs, or rhizomatous grasses. Compared with abiotic factors, grazing intensity had a small effect on perennial bunchgrass and bare ground. We found that precipitation explained a 13% increase in perennial bunchgrass cover and a 34% decrease in bare ground cover compared with a 6% increase with increasing intensity across our grazing gradients. Sand content also had a larger effect on perennial bunchgrass cover and density than grazing. Increased sand content was associated with increased bunchgrass cover and density, supporting the inverse texture hypothesis. Our results show that while livestock grazing impacts sagebrush plant communities, its effect is small when compared with the effects of climate and soil. Our study contributes to a growing body of research emphasizing the need to contextualize plant community responses to grazing within specific climatic and edaphic conditions, which will promote effective land management in dryland ecosystems.
Development of an Autonomous Mobile Robot to Transport Heavy Objects on Narrow Alleys and Steep Slopes
Authors: Kanazawa Yuichiro , Li Peirang , Zhu Chi
Published: November 2024

In this study, we developed a four‐wheel‐driven autonomous mobile robot to transport heavy objects on narrow alleys and steep slopes. The robot, which weighs 450 kg, is driven by four 650 W hub motors to climb 20° steep slopes and travel through a narrow alley. Two 2D‐LiDARs attached to the front and rear of the robot body are used for highly accurate driving. A method based on the least squares approach for estimating the position and posture of the robot body is proposed by using the point cloud information of the side wall of the narrow alley. Field experiments on test courses demonstrated that the autonomous robot could transport heavy objects over steep slopes and travel in a narrow alley with high accuracy.
Research hotspots and evolution trends of food safety risk assessment techniques and methods
Authors: Wang Liru , Yu Xueli
Published: November 2024

Food safety incidents frequently occur in China and other countries. Food safety risk management has evolved from harm‐based to risk‐based approaches to control risks more scientifically and effectively. Risk assessment is at the core of risk control and provides a scientific basis for the development of risk management measures. Therefore, analyzing the research status and development trends of food safety risk assessment technologies and methods is important for improving food safety risk assessment and risk management. In this study, CiteSpace software was used to analyze a knowledge graph of popular research topics in the field of food safety risk assessment over the past 14 years, identify research keywords, and provide centrality statistics. Food safety risk assessments primarily focus on in vitro high‐throughput testing, computational toxicology, predictive microbiology, mechanistic research, and other technical methods. In the future, international coordination, cooperation, and cross‐integration of relevant disciplines should be strengthened, and research on and application of innovative technologies for food safety risk assessment should be promoted. Research on food safety risk assessment technologies and methods is in an active development stage and has good prospects for further exploration and application.
Enhancing Solar Convection Analysis With Multi‐Core Processors and GPUs
Authors: Heidari Arash , Amiri Zahra , Jamali Mohammad Ali Jabraeil , Navimipour Nima Jafari
Published: November 2024

In the realm of astrophysical numerical calculations, the demand for enhanced computing power is imperative. The time‐consuming nature of calculations, particularly in the domain of solar convection, poses a significant challenge for Astrophysicists seeking to analyze new data efficiently. Because they let different kinds of data be worked on separately, parallel algorithms are a good way to speed up this kind of work. A lot of this study is about how to use both multi‐core computers and GPUs to do math work about solar energy at the same time. Cutting down on the time it takes to work with data is the main goal. This way, new data can be looked at more quickly and without having to practice for a long time. It works well when you do things in parallel, especially when you use GPUs for 3D tasks, which speeds up the work a lot. This is proof of how important it is to adjust the parallelization methods based on the size of the numbers. But for 2D math, computers with more than one core work better. The results not only fix bugs in models of solar convection, but they also show that speed changes a little based on the gear and how it is processed.
A universal reverse‐cool annealing strategy makes two‐dimensional Ruddlesden‐popper perovskite solar cells stable and highly efficient with Voc exceeding 1.2 V
Authors: Xie Zhongqi , Luo Huiming , Jiang Qing‐Song , Zhao Ya , Peng Yong , Yuan Ligang , Yan Keyou , Abdi‐Jalebi Mojtaba
Published: November 2024

Two‐dimensional Ruddlesden‐Popper (2D RP) layered metal‐halide perovskites have garnered increasing attention due to their favorable optoelectronic properties and enhanced stability in comparison to their three‐dimensional counterparts. Nevertheless, precise control over the crystal orientation of 2D RP perovskite films remains challenging, primarily due to the intricacies associated with the solvent evaporation process. In this study, we introduce a novel approach known as reverse‐cool annealing (RCA) for the fabrication of 2D RP perovskite films. This method involves a sequential annealing process at high and low temperatures for wet perovskite films. The resulting RCA‐based perovskite films show the smallest root‐mean‐square value of 23.1 nm, indicating a minimal surface roughness and a notably compact and smooth surface morphology. The low defect density in these 2D RP perovskite films with exceptional crystallinity suppresses non‐radiative recombination, leading to a minimal non‐radiative open‐circuit voltage loss of 149 mV. Moreover, the average charge lifetime in these films is extended to 56.3 ns, thanks to their preferential growth along the out‐of‐plane direction. Consequently, the leading 2D RP perovskite solar cell achieves an impressive power conversion efficiency of 17.8% and an open‐circuit voltage of 1.21 V. Additionally, the stability of the 2D RP perovskite solar cell, even without encapsulation, exhibits substantial improvement, retaining 97.4% of its initial efficiency after 1000 hours under a nitrogen environment. The RCA strategy presents a promising avenue for advancing the commercial prospects of 2D RP perovskite solar cells.

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Floor Heave Mechanism and Control Technique of Water‐Rich Soft‐Rock Roadway in Thick Coal Seam
Authors: He Fulian , Zhai Wenli , Liu Weixin , Sun Ning , Song Jiayu , Zhang Jianlong , Wu Yanhao
Published: November 2024

The severe deformation of the surrounding rock of the coal floor in Shanghaimiao mining area is affecting the safe, efficient production of mine wells in this region. In this study, the heave mechanism and control of the roadway floor were investigated through laboratory experiments, field research, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and on‐site testing. The results showed that the main reason for the serious damage to the roadway floor was the low strength of the surrounding rock of the roadway floor, and floor damage was exacerbated by the low support strength, hydraulic effects, and mining impact. A mechanical model of the asymmetric floor heave was established, and it was found that the stability of the roadway floor was positively correlated with the floor rock type, the stress concentration coefficients on the two sides of the roadway, and the burial depth, whereas it was negatively correlated with the cohesive force and internal friction angle of the floor rock mass. Expressions for the upward resultant force R of the roadway floor and the stress concentration coefficients K and K′ on both sides of the roadway were derived. The results of a FLAC3D numerical simulation analysis showed that the stress peak in front of the working face was 36 MPa, with a stress concentration factor of 3.7. After the floor support was reinforced, the floor heave was remarkably reduced, with a maximum value of approximately 600 mm, and the floor deformation became somewhat asymmetric. Finally, a double‐seal floor‐reinforcing “inverted arch” control technique was proposed and tested on‐site. The new system could efficiently and stably support the surrounding rock of the roadway.
Multiple metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of lycopene
Authors: Liu Jiaheng , Song Minxia , Xu Xianhao , Wu Yaokang , Liu Yanfeng , Du Guocheng , Li Jianghua , Liu Long , Lv Xueqin
Published: November 2024

Lycopene is a high‐value‐added tetraterpenoid, which is widely used in cosmetics, medicine, food, and dietary supplements. The intracellular mevalonate pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides natural precursors for terpenoid product synthesis, so it is an excellent host for the heterologous production of lycopene. In this study, a recombinant strain named L10 with efficient lycopene production capability was constructed through multiple strategies, such as regulating the gene copy number of key enzymes, increasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate supply, and reducing squalene accumulation. Then, considering that intracellular lycopene accumulation can cause cytotoxicity to S. cerevisiae, we attempted to identify a transporter that can efficiently transport lycopene from intracellular to extracellular space. Molecular docking simulations predicted that the ATP‐binding cassette transporter Snq2p may be a potential transporter of lycopene, and its function in promoting lycopene secretion was further determined by overexpression verification. The lycopene secretion titer of the strain L10Z2 overexpressing Snq2p increased to 16.5 times that of the control at the shake‐flask level. After optimizing the galactose regulation system, the intracellular and secreted lycopene production of L11Z2 reached 2113.78 and 26.28 mg/L, respectively, after 150 h fed‐batch culture in a 3‐L bioreactor. This work provides a new research direction for efficient lycopene synthesis in S. cerevisiae cell factory.
CO₂ sequestration and soil improvement in enhanced rock weathering: A review from an experimental perspective
Authors: Cong Lianghan , Lu Shuaiyi , Jiang Pan , Zheng Tianqi , Yu Ziwang , Lü Xiaoshu
Published: November 2024

Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is an emerging negative emission technology (NET) with significant potential for mitigating climate change and improving soil health through the accelerated chemical weathering of silicate minerals. This study adopts a critical research approach to review existing ERW experiments, focusing on the mechanisms of soil improvement and CO₂ sequestration, as well as the economic costs and environmental risks associated with its large‐scale implementation. The results demonstrate that while ERW effectively enhances soil pH and provides essential nutrients for crops, its CO₂ sequestration capacity is highly dependent on variables such as soil type, rock type, application rate, and particle size. Furthermore, the economic feasibility of ERW is challenged by high costs related to mining, grinding, and transportation, and environmental risks posed by the release of heavy metals like Ni and Cr during the weathering process. Notably, significant discrepancies exist between laboratory experiments and field applications, highlighting the need for extensive in‐situ monitoring and adjustment of ERW practices. This study underscores the importance of optimizing ERW strategies to maximize CO₂ sequestration while minimizing environmental impacts. Future research should focus on long‐term field experiments, understanding secondary mineral formation, and refining the application techniques to enhance the overall efficiency and sustainability of ERW. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of hospital‐physician vertical integration on physician‐administered drug spending and utilization
Authors: Levin Jonathan S. , Zhao Xiaoxi , Whaley Christopher
Published: November 2024

We estimate the effects of hospital‐physician vertical integration on spending and utilization of physician‐administered drugs for hematology‐oncology, ophthalmology, and rheumatology. Using a 100% sample of Medicare fee‐for‐service medical claims from 2013 to 2017, we find that vertical integration shifts treatments away from physician offices and toward hospital outpatient departments. These shifts are accompanied by increases in physician‐administered drug administration spending per procedure for all three specialties. Spending on Part B drugs also increases for hematologist‐oncologists. At the same time, physician treatment intensity, as measured by the number of beneficiaries who receive drug infusions/injections and the number of drug infusions, decreases across all three specialties. These results suggest that the incentives of the Medicare reimbursement system, particularly site‐of‐care payment differentials and outpatient drug reimbursement rates, interact with vertical integration to lead to higher overall spending. Policies and merger guidelines should attempt to restrain spending increases attributed to vertical integration.
Results of the prospective EORTC Children Leukemia Group study 58081 in precursor B‐ and T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Domenech Carine , Kicinski Michal , De Moerloose Barbara , Piette Caroline , Chahla Wadih A. , Kornreich Laure , Pasquet Marlène , Uyttebroeck Anne , Theron Alexandre , Poirée Marilyne , Arfeuille Chloé , Bakkus Marleen , Grardel Nathalie , Paillard Catherine , Freycon Claire , Millot Frédéric , Simon Pauline , Philippet Pierre , Pluchart Claire , Suciu Stefan , Rohrlich Pierre , Ferster Alina , Bertrand Yves , Cavé Hélène ,   for the Children's Leukemia Group (CLG) of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)
Published: November 2024

Here, we report the results of the prospective cohort study EORTC‐CLG 58081 and compare them to the control arm of the randomized phase 3 trial EORTC‐CLG 58951, on which treatment recommendations were built. In both studies, patients aged 1–18 years with BCR::ABL1 negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia of the B‐lineage (B‐ALL) or T‐lineage (T‐ALL) were treated using a BFM backbone without cranial irradiation. Similarly to the control arm of 58951, prednisolone (PRED) 60 mg/m2/day was used for induction therapy, but a few modifications were made. Dexamethasone (DXM) was used in average‐risk 2 (AR2) T‐ALL and B‐ALL during induction, 10 and 6 mg/m2/day, respectively. Leucovorin rescue was delayed to 42 h instead of 36 h after initiation of high‐dose methotrexate, and a postconsolidation MRD time point was added to stratify patients. Between 2011 and 2017, 835 patients were prospectively enrolled in the 58081 study. Overall, the 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) was 84.8% versus 83.6% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.96 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76–1.21]) for 58081 versus 58951 considered as a control group, respectively, 84.3% versus 84.9% (HR, 1.06 [99% CI: 0.75–1.49]) in B‐ALL but 87.3% versus 76.6% (HR, 0.59 [99% CI: 0.28–1.24]) in T‐ALL. The comparison between the two studies regarding EFS differed by risk group (p = 0.012). The HR was 2.15 (99% CI: 0.67–6.85) for very low‐risk but 0.34 (99% CI: 0.13–0.89) for AR2. The particularly favorable results observed in the T‐ALLs and AR2 subgroups suggest the benefit of using DXM in specific patient groups and highlight the importance of risk stratification.
Tele‐Medical Nutrition Therapy to Promote Healthy Eating and Nutrition Adherence of Chronic Patients in the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Pragmatically Before‐After Trial
Authors: Norouzi Somaye , Majd Fateme Arefi , Rostami Somaye , Mirzaee Moghadameh , Sistani Samane , Ahmadian Leila
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Patients find it difficult, during the pandemic, to receive appropriate nutrition services because of the limited access to health services. This study assessed the effectiveness of a tele‐consulting nutrition intervention on the nutrition adherence of patients with diabetes and hypertension.

Methods

A tele‐medical nutrition therapy (MNT) intervention was conducted as a one‐group before‐after trial. The estimated sample size was 314. Of these, 183 patients were selected from Hefdah‐e‐Shahrivar and 131 from Farabi Hospital. Patients were asked to complete an adapted version of the nutrition adherence self‐reported instrument to compare nutrition adherence when they received face‐to‐face therapy versus tele MNT.

Results

In total, 166 completed all phases of the study. The results showed that the nutrition adherence score significantly increased compared to before the intervention. Hedges's g effect size also confirmed the high efficacy of telenutrition therapy. The magnitude of differences was within a high range (effect size 3.76 [CI: 3.40–4.12]).

Conclusions

The present findings showed that providing teleconsulting nutrition services to diabetic and hypertensive patients can positively affect their nutrition adherence. Telenutrition to promote a healthy diet can contribute to effectively controlling diseases in chronic patients during/after the pandemic with no gaps or failures.

Trial Registration

This study was a tele‐nutrition intervention. In this study, we provided consultation on regular food consumption and did not order any chemical substances or nutritional supplements. Furthermore, we did not perform any treatment or invasive intervention, we assumed that a registration number was unnecessary, so we did not apply for clinical trial registration.
Weighted Vest Combined With Vibrotactile Stimulations Decrease the Sympathetic Activity: A Repeated Measures Study
Authors: Maula Mohamad Izzur , Ammarullah Muhammad Imam , Nugwita Chandra Maulana , Faisal Muhammad Sultan , Afif Ilham Yustar , Husaini Farhan Ali , Lamura M. Danny Pratama , Jamari Jamari , Winarni Tri Indah
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Mental and neurological disorders are a growing global concern, further intensified by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Stress management techniques, such as deep pressure therapy, have gained attention, with weighted vests commonly used for anxiety relief. However, there is limited scientific evidence supporting their efficacy. This study aimed to rigorously assess the effectiveness of a weighted vest incorporating vibrotactile stimulation in reducing anxiety by measuring physiological indicators—pulse rate and skin conductance (SC)—as well as subjective comfort ratings.

Methods

A total of 30 final‐semester college students participated in the study. Participants wore a vibrotactile‐weighted vest, and both pulse rate and skin conductance (SC) were measured to gauge anxiety levels. Additionally, participants rated their comfort using a Comfort Rating Scale (CRS). Changes in pulse rate and SC were statistically analyzed, and effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated to assess the magnitude of the intervention's impact.

Results

The weighted vest with vibrotactile stimulation resulted in a significant reduction in both pulse rate (dpulse = 0.23–0.62) and SC (dsc = 0.32–0.66), indicating a small to medium effect size in anxiety reduction. Subjective evaluations of the vest using the CRS revealed low scores on discomfort‐related items, with participants rating unfavorable statements between 1.5/10 and 4.6/10, suggesting overall comfort during use.

Conclusion

This study provides compelling evidence that vibrotactile‐weighted vests effectively reduce anxiety, as indicated by both physiological measures and subjective comfort ratings. The findings support the potential of this intervention as a formal therapeutic tool for stress and anxiety reduction. Further research may explore long‐term effects and broader applications in clinical settings.
Comparing the Efficacy of Empirical Anti‐Infective Therapy and Follow‐Up Observation for Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Ground‐Glass Nodules With Suspected Inflammatory Etiology: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study Protocol
Authors: Feng Wenhong , He Tao , Zhang Yuanqiang , Mu Yunfei , Pu Yang , Liu Ying , Ouyang Zhangning , Song Hangao , Zhong Yiming , Lu Hong , Zhou Yanglin , Zou Ping , Yang Gang , Tian Honggang , Jin Jianglin , Liang Gaoyu , Yang Lin , Zhang Laian , Liu Yangjun , Dai Wei , Qing Haomiao , Zhang Jingyu , Shi Qiuling , Li Qiang , Yang Ding , Zhang Rui , Wei Xing
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

The optimal management strategy for newly diagnosed pulmonary ground‐glass nodules (GGNs) with suspected inflammatory etiology remains controversial in clinical practice. Empirical anti‐inflammatory therapy is commonly used, but its efficacy compared with that of follow‐up observation lacks high‐quality evidence. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effectiveness of empirical anti‐infective therapy and follow‐up observation for pulmonary GGNs in real‐world settings.

Methods

This study intends to include 254 participants with newly discovered pulmonary ground‐glass opacities (GGOs) suspected to be related to inflammation but without current radiographic features suggestive of malignancy. Antibiotics will be recommended when the doctor considers the GGOs may be infection‐related. Upon enrollment, all participants will be assessed with the Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and divided into either the intervention or observation group. A repeat CT scan and SAS assessment will be conducted with all participants after 1 month ( ± 2 weeks) following the initial discovery of the GGOs. The primary outcome is the participants' response rate at the first follow‐up CT. The secondary outcome is the GGO response rate and total scores of SAS at 1 month after enrollment. A non‐inferiority test will be conducted to compare the outcomes between the two groups.

Discussion

To date, the efficacy and necessity of using antibiotics for GGOs suspected to be inflammatory upon primary CT screening remain controversial. This protocol describes the rationale and methodology to address this unmet clinical need using real‐world data, aiming to bridge the gap between clinical guidelines and real‐world practice.

Trial Registration: ChiCTR2200056975.
Validating the Effect of Topography and Geology on Rainfall–Runoff in Mountainous Catchments Using the Improved HYdrologic CYcle Model
Authors: Inaoka Jun , Kosugi Ken'ichirou , Masaoka Naoya
Published: November 2024

Rainfall–runoff characteristics of mountainous catchments are affected by many factors, such as topography and geology. Traditionally, the effects of geology on rainfall–runoff characteristics have been explained using geology, but the differences in runoff characteristics within the same geological settings have not been examined. These differences can be expressed as differences between the hydrological model parameters. However, the effects of geology on the model calculations have not yet been clarified. Thus, this study aims to clarify the effects of topography and geology on model calculations using an improved HYdrologic CYcle (HYCY) model that considers bedrock infiltration. Runoff observations were conducted for approximately 3 years in 19 catchments at 2 sites located in sedimentary rock and granite mountains. Rainfall was recorded at each site. The observed hydrographs were used to optimise the parameters for each catchment using the least‐squares method. The relationship between parameter m and the soil layer storage was calculated using the optimised parameters, representing the percentage of the area contributing to runoff. Furthermore, these results were compared with observational analysis results. The improved HYCY model accurately represented all 19 runoffs. When the total precipitation in 1 event exceeded 200 mm, parameter m became ~1 and ~0.3–0.4 in sedimentary rock and granitic catchments, respectively, which shows the effect of geology. The effects of topography on the parameters were exhibited in Kc and Kb, which calculated the storm flow from the channels and baseflow hydrographs, respectively. However, the parameter distributions exhibited geological differences, namely in parameter Kh, Kb and m. The parameter Kh calculates the overland flow hydrograph. This implies that geological differences affect the probability of the overland flow generation rate and the recession hydrographs of the overland flow and baseflow.
Maternal illnesses during pregnancy and the risk of childhood cancer: A medical‐record based analysis (UKCCS)
Authors: Bonaventure Audrey , Simpson Jill , Kane Eleanor , Roman Eve
Published: November 2024

Often relying on mother's recollections of past events, the possible relationship between maternal illness in pregnancy and risk of malignancy in their offspring has long been a focus of research. Free from recall bias, this study of childhood cancer (0–14 years) examined these associations using data abstracted from mothers' primary‐care (1623 cases, 2521 controls) and obstetric (2721 cases, 5169 controls) records. Maternal infections and other illnesses in pregnancy were examined for any possible associations with childhood leukaemia, lymphoma, CNS or embryonal tumours using pooled information from the two medical record sources (2885 cases and 5499 controls), accounting for potential confounders. Maternal anaemia was associated with childhood acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (odds ratio, OR = 2.07, 95%CI [1.40–3.08]). Anaemia during pregnancy was also recorded more frequently in the notes of mothers of children with medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: ORs 2.36 [1.36–4.11], 1.83 [1.01–3.33] and 2.91 [1.64–5.16] respectively. Other associations included urinary tract infections (UTIs) and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); preeclampsia and NHL; and polyhydramnios with both AML and NHL. No evidence was found to suggest that influenza during pregnancy impacted on childhood leukaemia risk. In conclusion, our findings are supportive of an association between maternal anaemia in pregnancy and childhood AML, and maternal anaemia and embryonal tumours; underscoring the need for further research exploring the potential causes and roles of iron and vitamin deficiencies. Due to small numbers and lack of corroborative evidence, the associations observed for UTIs, preeclampsia, and polyhydramnios must be treated cautiously.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation is an underestimated but fatal adverse event associated with blinatumomab therapy: A pharmacovigilance analysis of FAERS
Authors: Song Zhiqiang , Wang Yang , Zhang Dongliang , Wang Tao , Liu Na , Gao Lei , Wang Libing , Yang Jianmin
Published: November 2024

Hematologic adverse events (AEs) are common and serious toxicities in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing blinatumomab therapy. However, restrictive selection criteria in pivotal clinical trials can lead to an underestimation of rare but fatal toxicities. In this study, we systematically analyzed hematologic AEs associated with blinatumomab using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from October 2014 to December 2023. Disproportionate analysis was performed to identify overreported AEs, with a reporting odds ratio (ROR), and a lower bound of the 95% confidence interval (ROR025) exceeding one considered significant. Additionally, adjusted mortality rates and risk ratios (RR) of the top 10 reported hematologic AEs were calculated using a logistic regression model. Among 4745 blinatumomab‐related cases, 418 (8.81%) involved hematologic AEs. We identified 22 significantly overreporting hematologic AEs compared to the full database, with myelosuppression (n = 39 [9.33%], ROR025 = 8.04), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC, n = 31 [7.42%], ROR025 = 15.14), and bone marrow failure (n = 14 [3.35%], ROR025 = 3.41) notably underestimated in clinical trials. DIC resulted in a substantial mortality rate of 45.16%. Finally, DIC was found to be independently associated with death in a multivariable logistic regression analysis (RR = 2.47 [95% CI: 1.11–3.83]). These findings could aid clinicians in the early detection of these rarely reported but fatal hematologic AEs, thereby reducing the risk of severe toxicities in blinatumomab recipients.
COMPUTER TO PLATES – A REALITY
Authors: Larson Larry G.
Published: November 2024

Computer‐to‐press plates represent a concept which was advanced many years ago, and which is viewed by many within the field as the final step in the development of an all‐electronic prepress system. Experts within the industry mostly agree on the trends, they generally agree on the ultimate results, but they often disagree on the current status of the technology or on a plan to get to the final result.
It's not just about skills: Adopting a motivation‐informed approach to instruction with adolescents
Authors: Conradi Smith Kristin , Jang Bong Gee , Ostot Tori J.
Published: November 2024

An issue devoted to foundational skills and adolescents might center the cognitive skills and practices most needed to accelerate learning. While an understanding of these—whether multisyllabic decoding, fostering comprehension through discussion, or argumentative writing—is important, in this article, we advocate for the importance of attending to principles of motivation. After defining motivation within the context of adolescent literacy instruction, we summarize representative research on the topic. We then present four guiding principles for teachers, each accompanied by practical examples for classroom application.
Choice versus no choice: Practical considerations for increasing choices
Authors: Kim Ji Young , Morris Cody , Ellsworth Megan E. , Liu Xiaoyuan , Seacord Nicole F.
Published: November 2024

Choice involves engaging in a selection response when multiple options are concurrently available. Choices can be incorporated into many components of behavior‐analytic treatment such as providing clients with a choice between multiple items, activities, or tasks. We reviewed the main characteristics of 38 behavior‐analytic articles that compared choice and no‐choice conditions. We coded the experimental arrangements of choice and no‐choice conditions and analyzed potential factors affecting preferences for choice and no choice. The findings suggest that the sizing of alternatives from which to choose, the timing of choice opportunities, and the timing of the delivery of the chosen option varied across the studies. Furthermore, preferences for choice shifted with differential reinforcement history and response effort manipulations of choice or no choice. The findings suggest that individual variables should be considered when providing choices, but more research is needed.
The Role of PI3K/AKT/HIF‐1α Pathway in the Effect of Nano‐TiO2 on Lactate Production in TM4 Cells
Authors: Chang Hongmei , Zhao Siqi , Lei Yuzhu , Hu Yunhua , Yan Yizhong , Song Guanling
Published: November 2024

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano‐TiO2) can cause a reduction in sperm counts, and lactate production in Sertoli cells plays a key role in spermatogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nano‐TiO2 on lactate production in mouse Sertoli cell line (TM4 cells) and to investigate whether the effect is mediated through the PI3K/AKT/HIF‐1α pathway. After TM4 cells were treated with different concentrations of nano‐TiO2 for 48 h, cell viability, contents of glucose and lactate, and the expression levels of GLUT3 and key enzymes (HK1, HK2, PFKM, ENO1, LDH) during lactate production were detected. PI3K/AKT/HIF‐1α pathway proteins were measured. In addition, PI3K agonist (IGF‐1) was added to explore whether nano‐TiO2 regulates HIF‐1α through PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby affecting the production of lactate in TM4 cells. The results showed that nano‐TiO2 significantly inhibited TM4 cell viability, increased glucose content, decreased lactate content, and downregulated the expression levels of GLUT3 and key enzymes during lactate production. Meanwhile, nano‐TiO2 decreased the expression of PI3K/AKT pathway phosphorylated proteins and HIF‐1α, and IGF attenuated this effect of nano‐TiO2. Collectively, nano‐TiO2 downregulated the expression level of proteins and enzymes related to lactate production in TM4 cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/HIF‐1α pathway, resulting in the decrease of lactate production in TM4 cells.
Cholesterol Depletion Activate Hepatic Stellate Cells Mediated Through SREBP‐2 Signaling
Authors: Vijayan Nivya , Perumal Madan Kumar
Published: November 2024

Liver fibrosis is one of the leading cause of death worldwide. In liver, hepatic stellate cells are the primary cell type that gets activated during fibrosis. LX‐2 cells are human‐derived hepatic stellate cell lines typically employed for studying liver fibrosis mechanisms and screening anti‐fibrotic lead molecules. Although LX‐2 cells are partially activated in culture conditions, numerous stimuli including TGF‐β, H2O2, hypoxia, LPS were reported to activate LX‐2 cells. In this study, for the first time, the effect of cholesterol depletion on LX‐2 cells was studied. Under cholesterol‐depleted conditions, the mRNA and protein expression of HSC activation markers (α‐SMA, GFAP) were significantly increased. Also, the expression of SREBP‐2, HMGCR were significantly upregulated in response to cholesterol depletion. Treatment with fatostatin, a reported SREBP inhibitor abolished nuclear SREBP‐1 and SREBP‐2 expression and regulated the SREBP signaling. Transmission electron microscopic imaging showed distinct ultrastructural changes in response to cholesterol depletion. Furthermore, cholesterol depletion did not affect the cell‐cycle profile of LX‐2 cells compared with untreated while fatostatin treatment induced G2 cell‐cycle arrest. Overall, cholesterol depletion activated LX‐2 cells mediated by SREBP‐2 signaling and therefore could be further employed as stimuli for LX‐2 activation and screening lead molecules targeting SREBPs.
Outcomes of transitioning from mandatory to elective research at a dental school in Southern California
Authors: Kwon So Ran , Oyoyo Udochukwu , Estey Mark
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a curricular change from mandatory to elective research on the student research outcomes at a Southern California Dental School over ten years. Additionally, the perception of dental students and faculty toward research in dental education was assessed.

Methods

A survey was distributed to determine the perception towards research in dental education, motivation and barriers for pursuing research and the possibility participants would pursue research—even if the school did not mandate it. The survey was distributed to a total of 507 dental students and 121 full‐time faculty.

Results

Both dental students (80.6%) and faculty (91.4%) agreed that learning about research is important in dental education. Both cohorts generally agreed that research experience enhances dental training, supports the scientific basis of dental treatment methods, and correlates with clinical ability. The majority of students (77.0%) disagreed with mandating research while faculty (77.6%) believed that it should be mandated. Lack of time was the single most stated barrier for participating in research. The overall trend during the transition from mandatory to elective research showed that initially there was a stark drop in students and faculty participation and projects being carried out. However, with deliberate planning, research outcomes steadily increased.

Conclusions

We conclude that dental students and faculty have a positive perspective on the importance of research in dental education and actively engage in research and mentoring activities when provided with a supportive and encouraging environment. This participation occurs regardless of whether research is mandated or elective.