bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health Insurance Coverage and Use of Family Planning Services among Current and Former Foster Youth: Implications of the Health Care Reform Law
Authors: Dworsky Amy , Ahrens Kym , Courtney Mark
Published: December 2012

This research uses data from a longitudinal study to examine how two provisions in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act could affect health insurance coverage among young women who have aged out of foster care. It also explores how allowing young people to remain in foster care until age twenty-one affects their health insurance coverage, use of family planning services, and information about birth control. We find that young women are more likely to have health insurance if they remain in foster care until their twenty-first birthday and that having health insurance is associated with an increase in the likelihood of receiving family planning services. Our results also suggest that many young women who would otherwise lack health insurance after aging out of foster care will be eligible for Medicaid under the health care reform law. Because having health insurance is associated with use of family planning services, this increase in Medicaid eligibility may result in fewer unintended pregnancies among this high-risk population.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and Reproductive Health: Harnessing Data to Improve Care
Authors: Stulberg Debra
Published: December 2012

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) has great potential to improve reproductive health through several components: expanded coverage of people of reproductive age; required coverage of many reproductive health services; and insurance exchange structures that encourage individuals and states to hold plans and providers accountable. These components can work together to improve reproductive health. But in order for this to work, consumers and states need information with which to assess plans. This review article summarizes state contracting theory and argues that states should use this structure to require health plans to collect and report meaningful data that patients, providers, plans, payers, and third-party researchers can access. Now that the Supreme Court has upheld the PPACA and states must set up health insurance exchanges, populations can benefit from improved care and outcomes through data transparency.
Carbon Nanotube Flocculation as a Green Nanoseparation
Authors: Lei Youan
Published: December 2012

A facile technique is described here that can separate carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from corrosive CNTs/acid mixtures. The total time by flocculation method is ca. 0.5 h, which is only 5%, 20%, and 50% of that for dialysis, membrane filtration, and high-speed centrifugation. This strategy is a “green” process because our approach can recycle the “wasted acids.” Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and contact angle measurement also show that the transition of surface properties of nanotubes plays a significant role in the separation of CNTs.
Selective Mono- and Bis-Au(III) Metalations of 5,10,15,20,25,30-Hexaaryl-[26]hexaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1)
Authors: Naoda Koji , Mori Hirotaka , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: December 2012

Selective mono- and bis-Au(III) metalations of [26]hexaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1) were achieved in a 4:1 mixture of CH2Cl2 and methanol by using Na[AuCl4] as a Au(III) ion source and Ag3PO4 and Ag2CO3 as Au(III)-activating reagents.
Polyarylene Synthesis by Cross-Coupling with HOMSi Reagents
Authors: Shimizu Kenta , Minami Yasunori , Nakao Yoshiaki , Ohya Ken-ichiro , Ikehira Hideyuki , Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: December 2012

Cross-coupling reaction of dibromoarenes with HOMSi reagents (organo[2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]dimethylsilanes), or alternatively bromoarenes with arylene-bisHOMSi reagents, proceeded smoothly in the presence of a Pd catalyst and a weak base, and ter- or quaterarenes are produced in excellent yields. The present reaction was successfully applied to polyarylene synthesis using 4,7-dibromobenzothiadiazole or a 2,7-dibromofluorene derivative along with a 2,7-fluorenylene-bisHOMSi reagent.
A Double Weighted Tool to Measure the Fielding Performance in Cricket
Authors: Saikia Hemanta , Bhattacharjee Dibyojyoti , Lemmer Hermanus H.
Published: December 2012

Though several statistics are used to quantify the batting and bowling performance of cricketers, there is no such measure for the fielders in cricket. This article introduces a measure that can be used to gauge the fielding performance of cricketers. The various parameters that are considered for fielding are quantified to scores based on the ball-by-ball information of a match for each fielder. Subjective weights are assigned to these parameters based on the relative importance of different alternatives under various fielding circumstances. The weights are then combined with the scores of each of the on-field performances of a fielder to get his corresponding fielding score. Two different measures of fielding performance are proposed and their relative differences are discussed. To demonstrate these measures, the final of the first Twenty20 World Cup tournament played on 24 September 2007 is considered. The outcomes obtained from the two measures are accordingly compared.
Trajectory Options for MAV Navigation
Authors: Ashokkumar Chimpalthradi R.
Published: December 2012

Unmanned micro air vehicle control in pitch plane is quite challenging. In order to develop an autonomous navigation scheme in pitch plane, longitudinal autopilot design for flight control modes such as take-off, landing, climb, altitude hold, etc., have been actively pursued in the literature. The aircraft trajectories that a controller generates are important to understand these modes. In this paper, it is shown that a multiple input system can offer infinitely a large number of trajectory options that can be used to develop various flight control modes and plan an MAV navigation scheme. Accordingly, the controllers are determined. An MAV example is considered and trajectory options for climb and descend modes are illustrated.
How Entrepreneurs Think: Why Effectuation and Effectual Logic May be the Key to Successful Enterprise Entrepreneurship
Authors: Duening Thomas , Shepherd Morgan , Czaplewski Andrew
Published: December 2012

Recent research into effectuation and effectual logic show that entrepreneurs think and make decisions dramatically different than typical enterprise managers. One of the major issues in applying entrepreneurship and innovation to corporations is likely the misunderstanding and failed application of these core concepts to management practices. Thus, those studying intrapreneurship and innovation would find great value from this paper's discussion of effectuation and effectual logic as it explains its major differences between entrepreneurs and typical enterprise manager views as they pertain to: Goal setting, risk taking, resource selection and gathering, dealing with setbacks, building networks, and management control. To dive deeper into these valuable concepts, effectuation and its core principles were applied to the product development process and systems development process. This includes applying them to: Screening of ideas, business analysis, development, product validation, and the market launches phase of product development. This article should help those applying entrepreneurship practices to their organizations and result in more innovative managers and employees, or as the authors term it "enterprise entrepreneurs."
Digital Co-Curation in a Youth-Led Exhibition: A Case Study at Durham University Oriental Museum
Authors: Allen Colleen , King Jenna , Prichard Katherine , Westbury Sarah
Published: December 2012

At Durham University Oriental Museum, the temporary exhibition ‘Made in China: Exports and Experiences’ launched earlier this year, coinciding directly with the arrival of the Olympic Torch to the city. From the earliest planning stages in September 2011, to its opening on 16th June, it was an unconventional exhibition. Curated by a group of approximately twenty students between the ages of 16 and 25, this exhibition combined artefacts, archives, archaeological material, and oral histories to tell its story. With the unusual combination of objects, this exhibition was in the unique position of being able to experiment with new and exciting modes of curation. When dealing with the challenges involved with curating different media, it is essential that innovative and coherent solutions can be found to problems such as display and public accessibility. From the start of the design process, the use of digital curation was always a topic of discussion when tackling the issues that arose from trying to display dissimilar collections in a single space. It was equally essential that particular methods of digital curation did not overcomplicate an already multi-layered exhibition. While it was vital that elements of digital curation were integrated into the ‘Made in China’ project, it was just as important that the digital aspect did not overwhelm the physical experience of the exhibition.
Triiodothyronine levels in relation to mortality from breast cancer and all causes: a population-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Tosovic Ada , Bondeson Anne-Greth , Bondeson Lennart , Ericsson Ulla-Britt , Manjer Jonas
Published: December 2012

Objective

The potential association between thyroid hormones and breast cancer has been investigated in a large number of studies without conclusive results. This study investigated triiodothyronine (T3) levels in relation to breast cancer mortality in a population with no breast cancer patients at baseline. An additional aim was to study T3levels in relation to mortality from other cancers and all-cause mortality.

Design and methods

This was a population-based prospective cohort study including 2185 women in whom T3levels were measured as part of a preventive health project, i.e. before diagnosis in women who later developed breast cancer. Mean follow-up was 24.1 years and record-linkage to The Swedish Cause-of-Death registry identified 471 women who died: 26 out of breast cancer and 182 from other cancers. Mortality was assessed using a Cox's analysis, yielding hazard ratios (HRs), with 95% confidence intervals. Analyses of T3as a continuous variable were repeated for pre- and peri/postmenopausal women separately.

Results

T3levels were positively associated with the risk of breast cancer-specific death in the age-adjusted analysis: HR for T3as a continuous variable was 2.80 (1.26–6.25). However, the crude analysis did not reach statistical significance. Breast cancer mortality was even higher in postmenopausal women: 3.73 (1.69–8.22), but stratified analyses included few events. There were no statistically significant associations between T3levels and deaths from other cancers, age-adjusted HR: 1.09 (0.72–1.65) or all-cause mortality (1.25:0.97–1.60).

Conclusions

This study, the first of its kind on prospectively measured T3levels, indicates that T3levels are positively associated with breast cancer-specific mortality and that this is not related to a general effect on all-cause mortality.
Genipin stimulates glucose transport in C2C12 myotubes via an IRS-1 and calcium-dependent mechanism
Authors: Ma Chan-Juan , Nie Ai-Fang , Zhang Zhi-Jian , Zhang Zhi-Guo , Du Li , Li Xiao-Ying , Ning Guang
Published: December 2012

Genipin, a compound derived fromGardenia jasminoidesEllis fruits, has been used over the years in traditional Chinese medicine to treat symptoms of type 2 diabetes. However, the molecular basis for its antidiabetic effect has not been fully revealed. In this study, we investigated the effects of genipin on glucose uptake and signaling pathways in C2C12myotubes. Our study demonstrates that genipin stimulated glucose uptake in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The maximal effect was achieved at 2 h with a concentration of 10 μM. In myotubes, genipin promoted glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the cell surface, which was observed by analyzing their distribution in subcellular membrane fraction, and increased the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), AKT, and GSK3β. Meanwhile, genipin increased ATP levels, closed KATPchannels, and then increased the concentration of calcium in the cytoplasm in C2C12myotubes. Genipin-stimulated glucose uptake could be blocked by both the PI3-K inhibitor wortmannin and calcium chelator EGTA. Moreover, genipin increases the level of reactive oxygen species and ATP in C2C12myotubes. These results suggest that genipin activates IRS-1, PI3-K, and downstream signaling pathway and increases concentrations of calcium, resulting in GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake increase in C2C12myotubes.
Adiponectin in mice with altered GH action: links to insulin sensitivity and longevity?
Authors: Lubbers Ellen R , List Edward O , Jara Adam , Sackman-Sala Lucila , Cordoba-Chacon Jose , Gahete Manuel D , Kineman Rhonda D , Boparai Ravneet , Bartke Andrzej , Kopchick John J , Berryman Darlene E
Published: December 2012

Adiponectin is positively correlated with longevity and negatively correlated with many obesity-related diseases. While there are several circulating forms of adiponectin, the high-molecular-weight (HMW) version has been suggested to have the predominant bioactivity. Adiponectin gene expression and cognate serum protein levels are of particular interest in mice with altered GH signaling as these mice exhibit extremes in obesity that are positively associated with insulin sensitivity and lifespan as opposed to the typical negative association of these factors. While a few studies have reported total adiponectin levels in young adult mice with altered GH signaling, much remains unresolved, including changes in adiponectin levels with advancing age, proportion of total adiponectin in the HMW form, adipose depot of origin, and differential effects of GH vs IGF1. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to address these issues using assorted mouse lines with altered GH signaling. Our results show that adiponectin is generally negatively associated with GH activity, regardless of age. Further, the amount of HMW adiponectin is consistently linked with the level of total adiponectin and not necessarily with previously reported lifespan or insulin sensitivity of these mice. Interestingly, circulating adiponectin levels correlated strongly with inguinal fat mass, implying that the effects of GH on adiponectin are depot specific. Interestingly, rbGH, but not IGF1, decreased circulating total and HMW adiponectin levels. Taken together, these results fill important gaps in the literature related to GH and adiponectin and question the frequently reported associations of total and HMW adiponectin with insulin sensitivity and longevity.
Plasma 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Periodontal Disease in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Millen Amy E. , Hovey Kathleen M. , LaMonte Michael J. , Swanson Mya , Andrews Christopher A. , Kluczynski Melissa A. , Genco Robert J. , Wactawski‐Wende Jean
Published: December 2012

Background: Vitamin D has anti‐inflammatory and antimicrobial properties that, together with its influence on bone health, may confer periodontal benefit.

Methods: Cross‐sectional associations (years 1997‐2000) between plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration [25(OH)D] and periodontal measure were investigated among 920 postmenopausal women. Measures of chronic disease were defined based on: 1) alveolar crestal height (ACH) measures from intraoral radiographs and tooth loss and 2) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) criteria using measures of clinical attachment level and probing depth (PD). Acute oral inflammation was assessed by the percentage of gingival sites that bled upon assessment with a probe. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for periodontal disease among participants with adequate [25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L] compared with deficient/inadequate [25(OH)D <50 nmol/L] vitamin D status adjusted for age, dental visit frequency, and body mass index.

Results: No association was observed between vitamin D status and periodontal disease defined by ACH and tooth loss (adjusted OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.68 to 1.35). In contrast, women with adequate compared with deficient/inadequate vitamin D status had 33% lower odds (95% CI = 5% to 53%) of periodontal disease according to the CDC/AAP definition and 42% lower odds (95% CI = 21% to 58%) of having ≥50% of gingival sites that bled.

Conclusions: Vitamin D status was inversely associated with gingival bleeding, an acute measure of oral health and inflammation, and inversely associated with clinical categories of chronic periodontal disease that incorporated PD, an indicator of oral inflammation. However, vitamin D was not associated with chronic periodontal disease based on measures of ACH in combination with tooth loss.
Budgetary Participation in Turkey: The Effects of Information Asymmetry, Goal Commitment, and Role Ambiguity on Job Satisfaction and Performance
Authors: Jermias Johnny , Yigit Fatih
Published: December 2012

This study empirically investigates the antecedent, mediating, and outcome variables of budgetary participation in Turkey. Turkey is an interesting setting to investigate the impact of budgetary participation on job satisfaction and performance because of its unique cultural and institutional factors. We propose that the information asymmetry between superiors and subordinates creates the need for budgetary participation, and the outcomes of budgetary participation (i.e., job satisfaction and performance) will be mediated by goal commitment and role ambiguity.

Based on a questionnaire survey of 194 mid-level managers in Turkey, we find that role ambiguity mediates the budgetary participation–job satisfaction and budgetary participation-performance relationships. The results are consistent with the view that the primary benefit of budgetary participation is to decrease role ambiguity, leading to more job satisfaction and better performance. Furthermore, we find that goal commitment mediates the budgetary participation-performance relationship. This result suggests that participation in the budgeting process increases goal commitment, which in turn leads to better performance. This study will be beneficial for companies in general and for organizations in developing countries in particular to realize that budgetary participation alone does not improve job satisfaction and performance. Rather, it is the increased commitment and decreased role ambiguity that results from managers' participation in the budgetary process that improves job satisfaction and performance.

JEL Classifications: D21, G32, L1, M41.
Student Teaching’s Contribution to Preservice Teacher Development
Authors: Anderson Lauren M. , Stillman Jamy A.
Published: December 2012

Despite increasing emphasis on preparing more and better teachers and despite the near universal presence of student teaching across teacher education programs (TEPs), numerous questions about what and how student teaching experiences contribute to preservice teachers’ development remain unanswered. Indeed, much of the attention focused on student teaching in reform and policy discourses emphasizes student teaching’s structural and logistical dimensions—for example, its location, duration, and division of labor—but not its contributions to learning among preservice teachers, nor K–12 students. This article reviews empirical articles published over the past two decades to determine what and how student teaching experiences contribute to preservice teachers’ development as future teachers of students in urban and/or high-needs schools specifically. While keeping this central focus, the article also considers the implications of student teaching for the schools that play host to it and for the students who attend those schools. Anchored by sociocultural perspectives on learning and learning to teach, the review highlights a disproportionate emphasis on belief and attitude change, a relatively slim evidence base concerning the development of actual teaching practice, a tendency toward reductive views of culture and context, and a need for more longitudinal analyses that address the situated and mediated nature of preservice teachers’ learning in the field. Based on these findings, authors offer direction for future research that will extend and deepen the knowledge base.
Molecular mechanisms of hydrotropism in seedling roots of Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Moriwaki Teppei , Miyazawa Yutaka , Kobayashi Akie , Takahashi Hideyuki
Published: December 2012

Roots show positive hydrotropism in response to moisture gradients, which is believed to contribute to plant water acquisition. This article reviews the recent advances of the physiological and molecular genetic studies on hydrotropism in seedling roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified MIZU‐KUSSEI1 (MIZ1) and MIZ2, essential genes for hydrotropism in roots; the former encodes a protein of unknown function, and the latter encodes an ARF‐GEF (GNOM) protein involved in vesicle trafficking. Because both mutants are defective in hydrotropism but not in gravitropism, these mutations might affect a molecular mechanism unique to hydrotropism. MIZ1 is expressed in the lateral root cap and cortex of the root proper. It is localized as a soluble protein in the cytoplasm and in association with the cytoplasmic face of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes in root cells. Light and ABA independently regulate MIZ1 expression, which influences the ultimate hydrotropic response. In addition, MIZ1 overexpression results in an enhancement of hydrotropism and an inhibition of lateral root formation. This phenotype is likely related to the alteration of auxin content in roots. Specifically, the auxin level in the roots decreases in the MIZ1 overexpressor and increases in the miz1 mutant. Unlike most gnom mutants, miz2 displays normal morphology, growth, and gravitropism, with normal localization of PIN proteins. It is probable that MIZ1 plays a crucial role in hydrotropic response by regulating the endogenous level of auxin in Arabidopsis roots. Furthermore, the role of GNOM/MIZ2 in hydrotropism is distinct from that of gravitropism.
Certezas que conducen a incertidumbres (una novela de Claudia Piñeiro)
Authors: Del Gesso Cabrera Ana María
Published: December 2012

La novela Elena sabe de Claudia Piñeiro, a través de la mirada y la voz de una mujer mayor y enferma, cuestiona las instituciones privadas y públicas revisando las certezas que, finalmente, terminan en incertidumbres.
Recuperar la memoria personal y social a través de la novela contemporánea : María Teresa Andruetto y Laura Alcoba
Authors: Domenella Amadio Ana Rosa
Published: December 2012

La última dictadura militar argentina (1976-1983) fue abordada desde diversas perspectivas literarias y artísticas desde la década de los años setenta hasta el fin del siglo XX. En esta ponencia nos interesa analizar novelas publicadas ya en el siglo XXI por escritoras argentinas nacidas entre las décadas de los años cincuenta y sesenta del siglo pasado. Nos centraremos en La casa de los conejos y Los pasajeros del Anna C, de Laura Alcoba, que fueron publicados en francés y luego traducidos al español y en La mujer en cuestión y Lengua madre, de María Teresa Andruetto, publicadas en Córdoba, Argentina. Se trata de historias personales desde una perspectiva de género dentro del tejido social y reflexivo, treinta años después de los acontecimientos históricos.
Travestir (en) los límites : identidades transitivas en el discurso neobarroco de la neovanguardia latinoamericana
Authors: Kulawik Krzysztof
Published: December 2012

La presencia del travestismo y la androginia en las obras de los autores y artistas visuales hispanoamericanos contemporáneos Severo Sarduy, Pedro Lemebel, Eugenia Prado, Roberto Echavarren y Gloria Anzaldúa indica cambios en la percepción y representación de la identidad como categoría cultural. En sus obras, a veces referidas como neovanguardistas o neobarrocas, aparecen personajes cambiantes e inestables, los que pueden llamarse « sujetos transitivos » o « nómadas ». Su presencia inquietante lleva a deconstruir y reformular las categorías culturales fijas como sexo, etnia, raza y nación. Su análisis ayuda a adelantar una teoría de identidad cultural basada en la ambigüedad del travesti y el andrógino con apariencias cambiantes, en un juego camaleónico con la otredad. Esta teoría puede aplicarse al estudio de los grupos y sujetos culturales emergentes en el híbrido contexto cultural latinoamericano. Demuestra la presencia de la otredad en cada unidad, de la alteridad en cada identidad. Los sujetos discursivos y personajes de las obras analizadas representan una resistencia política y cultural a las normas del sistema patriarcal y neocolonial impuesto por el establecimiento económico, cultural y mediático neoliberal. Son sujetos híbridos, transitivos y transgresivos que encarnan el contexto multi- y transcultural posmoderno de Latinoamérica.
Le Circo Volador à Mexico: « mémoire et recherche appliquée »
Authors: Ponce Néstor
Published: December 2012

El presente artículo analiza las repercusiones de la masacre de Tlatelolco (México D. F., 1968) sobre la memoria histórica de la población, planteando problemas concretos como el papel del Estado ante la conmemoración, la necesidad del deber de memoria y del lugar de memoria. La investigación cuenta la experiencia de un taller de escritura sobre la masacre del 68, realizado en el Circo Volador del Distrito Federal, con un grupo de jóvenes miembros de esta organización no gubernamental.
Con Sangre en el ojo : para una escritura de resistencia
Authors: Voionmaa Daniel Noemi
Published: December 2012

This article studies the novel Sangre en el ojo (2012) (Blood in the Eye), by Chilean writer Lina Meruane. First, it argues about the distinction between resistance literature and resistance writing. As an example of the latter, the novel by Meruane presents a variety of narrative strategies or writing devices that contribute to create an ethics and aesthetics of resistance. The relevance of the body and in particular of the eyesight is highlighted. The novel allows us to think the possibility of a different gaze and visualization of reality ; one that breaks from the view/gaze imposed by the system/hegemony.
Redefining Gender in Revolutionary Cuban Cinema
Authors: M. Pastor Brígida
Published: December 2012

Uno de los cambios sociales más importantes generados por la Revolución cubana fue la que repercutió en las mujeres. A finales de los años ochenta y principios de los noventa se produce un cambio decisivo para el cine cubano posrevolucionario y un p unto de partida para un enfoque “revolucionario” en la representación de género. Desde esta perspectiva, este estudio se centrará en dos cortos elocuentemente representativos—Zoë (dir. Mario Crespo) y Adriana (dir. Mayra Segura), integrantes del film colectivo Mujer transparente (1990), dirigido por Humberto Solás. Estos dos episodios han sido seleccionados—dirigidos por un hombre y una mujer respectivamente—para demostrar que un notable número de filmes dirigidos por hombres, como los dirigidos por mujeres, tienen implicaciones directas y cruciales para el feminismo.
Feminicidio físico y económico de la mujer hispanoamericana
Authors: Morgado Nuria
Published: December 2012

En este trabajo se explora la idea de la explotación económica capitalista y la violencia sexual como los pilares sobre los que se asienta el sistema de dominio patriarcal en general y, tomando como ejemplo la situación en América Latina, se expone que la violencia sexual y los feminicidios tienen su raíz en la construcción de raza y género de la economía política capitalista. Por otra parte, se presenta como un proyecto de resistencia y enfrentamiento en contra de esta violencia corporal y económica, el proyecto de la mestiza o “identidad híbrida” de Gloria Anzaldúa.
El beso de la mujer araña metáfora performativa
Authors: Medel - Bao Jordi
Published: December 2012

Si partimos de la evidencia de que para interpretar cualquier producción cultural es necesario atender a las metáforas performativas que utiliza y a la realidad que las mismas han intentado describir, el presente artículo analiza desde el punto de vista de los estudios culturales los aspectos que aúnan las relaciones entre la sexualidad o el deseo de los personajes y la relación establecida con la representación política en el interior del panóptico por excelencia de la prisión (según la terminología de Foucault).Vemos el texto como experiencia estética contra una situación traumática para la sociedad que atraviesa las fronteras de clase y de sexualidad al mismo tiempo y que critica las imposiciones del poder de la dictadura militar argentina. Dado que la novela se publica en 1975 y la película se estrena en 1985 es de toda evidencia que los problemas representados eran de máxima actualidad : Puig había vuelvo a Argentina bajo la presidencia de Onganía en 1967 pero tiene que volver a exiliarse en 1973. En ese momento ya había empezado a trabajar en el libro realizando entrevistas a los presos políticos que habían sido liberados por el gobierno peronista de Héctor Cámpora.La censura prohibió el texto por considerar que atentaba contra la Nación pero no pudieron impedir que circularan textos “ilegales” y que la novela llegara hasta la actualidad para ayudarnos a “releer el pasado” bajo la óptica queer.
Politique et sexualité : les femmes dans les romans du dictateur
Authors: Brochard Cécile
Published: December 2012

Nous abordons la figure féminine et ses rapports avec le pouvoir dictatorial à travers trois romans : Madama Sui d’Augusto Roa Bastos, où l’héroïne est la maîtresse de Stroessner, Santa Evita de Tomás Eloy Martínez, roman consacré à Evita Perón, figure célèbre de la dictature péroniste, et El otoño del patriarca de Gabriel García Márquez. Le rapport des femmes aux dictateurs y est d’abord un rapport d’assujettissement : soumission au pouvoir absolu, jusqu’à la forme radicale et tragique qu’est la mort. Mais au-delà de ce rapport générique marquant la supériorité physique et sociale de l’homme sur la femme, c’est l’émergence de figures féminines fascinantes qui retient ces romanciers : à travers le statut d’icône de ces femmes, à travers les fantasmes collectifs qu’elles ont suscités, les romans réfléchissent ainsi à la manière dont se sont créés ces mythes féminins intimement liés au pouvoir.
La construction du genre et de la sexualité au Mexique
Authors: Avalos Romero Job
Published: December 2012

L’article analyse la construction de l’identité à travers les conversations entre amis dans un petit groupe de lycéens. Le sujet ici proposé cherche à montrer comment un groupe d’amis dans un lycée public à Mexico, expérimente les relations de genre et quels sont leurs discours sur le flirt, les relations amoureuses et leur expérience de la sexualité. On peut citer, entre autres, les résultats suivants : 1. Un changement d’attitude des hommes et des femmes par rapport aux relations de genre. Les filles se montrent libres d’essayer plusieurs liens affectifs (un comportement considéré au Mexique comme typiquement masculin) et d’avoir une vie sexuelle détachée de l’affection sans pour autant aboutir à un conflit moral. De leur côté, même si les garçons gardent quelques traits du rôle masculin traditionnellement imposé, ils semblent ouverts à explorer leur côté émotionnel dans leurs relations amoureuses. Ils paraissent, en même temps, moins intéressés par une sexualité centrée sur la génitalité. 2. De la même manière, un vrai processus de dénaturalisation de la sexualité semble s’installer chez les jeunes. Cette dénaturalisation implique le fait qu’être hétérosexuel n’est pas le seul moyen de vivre sa sexualité. La bisexualité et l’homosexualité sont aussi valides et légitimes pour ce groupe d’amis.
Regulation of TLR2-Mediated Tolerance and Cross-Tolerance through IRAK4 Modulation by miR-132 and miR-212
Authors: Nahid Md A. , Yao Bing , Dominguez-Gutierrez Paul R. , Kesavalu Lakshmyya , Satoh Minoru , Chan Edward K. L.
Published: December 2012

Innate immune response is the first defense against pathogens via recognition by various conserved pattern recognition receptors, such as TLRs, to initiate a rapid and strong cytokine alarm. TLR signaling–mediated cytokine production must be properly regulated to prevent pathological conditions deriving from overproduction of cytokines. In this study, the role of specific microRNAs in TLR-signaling pathway was investigated to reveal the cross-interaction and -regulation in the MyD88 pathway. In peptidoglycan (PGN)/TLR2–stimulated THP-1 monocytes, PBMCs, and primary macrophages showed rapid and dramatic miR-132 and miR-212 (miR-132/-212) upregulation. This newly identified response appeared earlier in time than the characteristic miR-146a response in LPS-TLR4 stimulation. The rapid induction of miR-132/-212 was transcription factor CREB dependent, and the sustained expression of miR-132/-212 was responsible for inducing tolerance to subsequent PGN challenge. Cross-tolerance was observed by TLR5 ligand flagellin and heat-killed or live bacteria resulting from miR-132/-212 upregulation. Mechanistically, IRAK4 was identified and validated as a target of miR-132/-212 by luciferase reporter assay and seed-sequence mutagenesis of the reporter. Transfection of miR-132 or miR-212 alone mimicked PGN tolerance in monocytes, whereas transfected specific miRNA inhibitors tampered the tolerance effect. During bacterial infection, PGN-mediated TLR2 signaling induces miR-132/-212 to downregulate IRAK4, an early component in the MyD88-dependent pathway, whereas LPS/TLR4-induced miR-146a downregulates downstream components of the same MyD88-dependent pathway. The identification of miR-132/-212 and miR-146a together to prevent damaging consequences from the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines by targeting a common signaling pathway is significant and will provide insights into future design and development of therapeutics.
Chronic Exposure to Plasmodium falciparum Is Associated with Phenotypic Evidence of B and T Cell Exhaustion
Authors: Illingworth Joseph , Butler Noah S. , Roetynck Sophie , Mwacharo Jedida , Pierce Susan K. , Bejon Philip , Crompton Peter D. , Marsh Kevin , Ndungu Francis M.
Published: December 2012

Naturally acquired immunity to malaria develops slowly, requiring several years of repeated exposure to be effective. The cellular and molecular factors underlying this observation are only partially understood. Recent studies suggest that chronic Plasmodium falciparum exposure may induce functional exhaustion of lymphocytes, potentially impeding optimal control of infection. However, it remains unclear whether the “atypical” memory B cells (MBCs) and “exhausted” CD4 T cells described in humans exposed to endemic malaria are driven by P. falciparum per se or by other factors commonly associated with malaria, such as coinfections and malnutrition. To address this critical question we took advantage of a “natural” experiment near Kilifi, Kenya, and compared profiles of B and T cells of children living in a rural community where P. falciparum transmission is ongoing to the profiles of age-matched children living under similar conditions in a nearby community where P. falciparum transmission ceased 5 y prior to this study. We found that continuous exposure to P. falciparum drives the expansion of atypical MBCs. Persistent P. falciparum exposure was associated with an increased frequency of CD4 T cells expressing phenotypic markers of exhaustion, both programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) alone and PD-1 in combination with lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3). This expansion of PD-1–expressing and PD-1/LAG-3–coexpressing CD4 T cells was largely confined to CD45RA+ CD4 T cells. The percentage of CD45RA+CD27+ CD4 T cells coexpressing PD-1 and LAG-3 was inversely correlated with frequencies of activated and classical MBCs. Taken together, these results suggest that P. falciparum infection per se drives the expansion of atypical MBCs and phenotypically exhausted CD4 T cells, which has been reported in other endemic areas.
Fluxes of dissolved aluminum and manganese to the Weddell Sea and indications for manganese co‐limitation
Authors: Middag Rob , de Baar Hein J. W. , Klunder Maarten B. , Laan Patrick
Published: December 2012

The trace metals aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn) were studied in the Weddell Sea in March 2008. Concentrations of dissolved Al ([Al]) were slightly elevated (0.23–0.35 nmol L−1) in the surface layer compared to the subsurface minimum (0.07–0.21 nmol L−1) observed in the winter water. Atmospheric deposition is the main source of Al to the central Weddell Sea (22 µmol m−2 yr−1), and the residence time of dissolved Al in the upper mixed layer is ∼ 0.8 yr. The flux from the shelf and slope regions equals about 50% of the atmospheric input of Al to the western Weddell Sea. The highest [Al] in the Weddell Sea bottom water (WSBW) is related to the formation of deep water, and the associated downward flux is in the range of 3–10 µmol Al m−2 yr−1. The concentrations of dissolved Mn ([Mn]) were depleted in the surface layer, likely as a result of biological uptake, as indicated by the correlation among Mn, major nutrients, and fluorescence. The significant negative relation between the ΔMn : ΔP ratio and the ambient concentration of dissolved iron indicates iron‐Mn co‐limitation. The flux of Mn from the continental margin is about 2.2 times greater than atmospheric input (1.1 µmol m−2 yr−1). The flux of both Al and Mn from the continental margin indicates melting of continental ice (icebergs) or direct continental runoff. The slightly elevated [Mn] in the WSBW is due to a relatively small flux of 1 µmol Mn m−2 yr−1 associated with WSBW formation.
Getting the “right” parameter values for models of the pelagic microbial food web
Authors: Lignell Risto , Haario Heikki , Laine Marko , Thingstad T. Frede
Published: December 2012

The microbial part of the pelagic food web is believed to be a highly dynamic and tightly coupled network in which system behavior emerges from organism properties and interactions. A central goal in microbial ecology is a quantitative understanding of these interactions. A key aspect of these linkages is again the efficiency of food acquisition in the different groups of planktonic organisms. Here we estimate osmotrophic nutrient affinity for inorganic nitrogen and phagotrophic prey clearance values, using a parsimonious model of the microbial food web and modern Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. The model is fitted to experimental data from five mesocosms filled with northern Baltic seawater containing an N‐limited summer community and perturbed with different nutrient additions. The MCMC method successfully found one common set of parameters that not only gave a good fit to perturbation responses in all five mesocosms, but also was in reasonable agreement, both with values derived theoretically from first principles and allometric relationships, and with affinity values for phosphate in the experimental literature. Key properties of the structure and functioning of the microbial plankton food web can thus be derived and understood from fundamental physical‐chemical laws governing affinity for nutrient uptake by osmotrophs, and size‐selective grazing by key functional groups of phagotrophs.
Steady‐state bioassay approach applied to phosphorus‐limited continuous cultures: A growth study of the marine chlorophyte Dunaliella salina
Authors: Grant Scott R. , Bienfang Paul K. , Laws Edward A.
Published: December 2012

Phosphorus‐limited growth and phosphate uptake kinetics of the marine phytoplankter Dunaliella salina were studied using continuous‐culture techniques. Determination of residual phosphate concentrations in the cultures were made using a steady‐state bioassay approach in which short‐term phosphate uptake rates as measured by 33P‐radiotracer were balanced with the turnover of phosphorus in the culture. This allowed the determination of low‐nanomolar ambient phosphate concentrations (8–95 nmol P L−1) at seven unique specific growth rates, which agreed closely with an alternative kinetics bioassay phosphate determination. The relationship of specific growth rate to ambient phosphate concentration for the D. salina cultures was well‐described by the Monod growth equation with μmax = 1.8 d−1 and Kμ = 28 nmol P L−1. Phosphate uptake kinetics were evaluated at three growth rates and adhered to Michaelis‐Menten kinetics, with evidence of growth‐rate‐dependent variability of uptake affinities (1.9–3.0 L µmol−1 h−1) and half‐saturation constants (1.85–3.8 µmol P L−1). Maximum uptake rates were constant across growth rates when measured in either carbon‐specific (220 µmol P mol C−1 min−1), volume‐specific (7 amol P µm−3 min−1), cell‐specific (1 fmol P cell−1 min−1), or phosphorus‐specific units (7 h−1). This represents a phosphate uptake rate capacity between 200‐fold and 600‐fold greater than the requirements for growth. Finally, we compared the results from our study with previous studies across four phytoplankton species and found that the Monod half‐saturation constant for phosphorus‐limited growth (Kμ) is well‐predicted by the theoretical ratio of the maximum specific growth rate to the phosphorus‐specific uptake affinity.
A multi‐tracer model approach to estimate reef water residence times
Authors: Venti A. , Kadko D. , Andersson A. J. , Langdon C. , Bates N. R.
Published: December 2012

We present a new method for obtaining the residence time of coral reef waters and demonstrate the successful application of this method by estimating rates of net ecosystem calcification (NEC) at four locations across the Bermuda platform and showing that the rates thus obtained are in reasonable agreement with independent estimates based on different methodologies. The contrast in 7Be activity between reef and offshore waters can be related to the residence time of the waters over the reef through a time‐dependent model that takes into account the rainwater flux of 7Be, the radioactive half‐life of 7Be, and the rate of removal of 7Be on particles estimated from 234Th. Sampling for 7Be and 234Th was conducted during the late fall and winter between 2008 and 2010. Model results yielded residence times ranging from 1.4 (± 0.7) days at the rim reef to 12 (± 4.0) days closer to shore. When combined with measurements of salinity‐normalized total alkalinity anomalies, these residence times yielded platform‐average NEC rates ranging from a maximum of 20.3 (± 7.0) mmolCaCO3 m−2 d−1 in Nov 2008 to a minimum of 2.5 (± 0.8) mmolCaCO3 m−2 d−1 in Feb 2009. The advantage of this new approach is that the rates of NEC obtained are temporally and spatially averaged. This novel approach for estimating NEC rates may be applicable to other coral reef ecosystems, providing an opportunity to assess how these rates may change in the context of ocean acidification.
A multi‐platform optical sensor for in situ sensing of water chemistry
Authors: Ng Chee‐Loon , Senft‐Grupp Schuyler , Hemond Harold F.
Published: December 2012

A compact field‐deployable optical instrument using fluorescence, absorbance, and scattering to identify and quantify contaminants and natural substances in water bodies is described. The instrument is capable of deployment on autonomous underwater and surface vehicles, manned vehicles, fixed platforms such as buoys, or access points in water supply or drainage networks. The instrument comprises (1) a flowcell, (2) multiple optical systems, (3) a data logger, (4) a power control board and computer, and (5) a battery. The instrument has been packaged in a cylindrical pressure case of 200 mm diameter and 300 mm length for electrically and mechanically seamless insertion as a STARFISH AUV payload module. The same module can be fitted with watertight end caps for use aboard other platforms, or simpler packaging can be employed for use in less demanding environments. For spectrofluorometry, the system uses six (expandable to twelve) electronically switchable excitation sources, allowing the construction of fluorescence excitation‐emission matrices (EEMs). A deuterium‐tungsten light source (185 to 1100 nm) is used in making UV‐VIS absorbance measurements. Turbidity can be measured by nephelometry, using observations of light scattering at each excitation wavelength. The absorbance and turbidity capabilities provide useful water quality information and can also be used for correction of inner shielding effects. Validation of the instrument includes (1) comparison with a commercial luminescence spectrometer in measuring both standards and field samples, (2) comparisons of observed spectra with published optical characteristics for several chemicals, and (3) field demonstration aboard an AUV.
Repetitive Processes Based Iterative Learning Control Designed by LMIs
Authors: Dridi Jamel , Ben attia Selma , Salhi Salah , Ksouri Mekki
Published: December 2012

This paper addressed the stability analysis along the pass and the synthesis problem of linear 2D/repetitive systems. The algorithms for control law design are developed using a strong form of stability for discrete and differential linear repetitive processes known as stability along the pass. In particular, recent work on the use of linear matrix inequalities- (LMIs-) based methods in the design of control schemes for discrete and differential linear repetitive processes will be highlighted by the application of the resulting theory of linear model. The resulting design computations are in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Simulation results demonstrate the good performance of the theoretical scheme.
Kinetic Study of Acid Hydrolysis of Rice Straw
Authors: Sarkar Nibedita , Aikat Kaustav
Published: December 2012

Rice straw is a renewable, cheap, and abundant waste in tropical countries. The pentose content of rice straw can be used as a substrate for many types of value-added products such as xylitol and biofuel. Dilute acid hydrolysis mainly releases pentose from rice straw. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of H2SO4 concentration and reaction time on the xylose production. The variation of the main product xylose with the reaction time was described by a kinetic model and kinetic parameters were calculated to describe the variation of the xylose production with time. The optimum yield (19.35 g/L) was obtained at 0.24 mol/L H2SO4 and 30 minutes.
Analysis of Price Variation in the Marketing of Garri in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Ebewore Solomon O , Ukwuaba Sunday I , Egbodion John
Published: December 2012

The study examined price variation in the marketing of garri in Delta State Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used in drawing up a sample of 180 garri marketers from six purposively selected major garri markets each from six purposively selected Local government areas. Data collected with the aid of questionnaire were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that majority of the marketers were females that are still in their economically active age group and relatively literate. Majority of the marketers were middlemen who sold mostly to their fellow middlemen. Most of the respondents agreed that marketing cost is the major cause of price variation in garri market while season of the year was the most notable problem facing garri marketers in the study area. Also, the result of Analysis of Variance revealed that there were significant differences in garri prices among the six markets. It was concluded that in order to stabilize price of garri and income of garri marketers, in order to ensure sustainable food security in Delta State, measures should be taken to provide adequate transportation and establish storage facilities. This will invariably cut down marketing costs.