bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lesbian Police Officers’ Interpersonal Working Relationships and Sexuality Disclosure
Authors: Galvin-White Christine M. , O’Neal Eryn Nicole
Published: June 2015

This study examines workplace interpersonal relationships and the factors related to sexual identity disclosure using qualitative data from 15 in-depth interviews with lesbian police officers. Findings suggested that (a) factors surrounding job performance were more influential than sexual orientation and the degree of disclosure on interpersonal working relationships, and (b) sexuality disclosure within the police department was a multifaceted and dynamic process. We discuss policy implications and provide directions for future research.
Hormesis and Paradoxical Effects of Drooping Birch (Betula pendula Roth) Parameters Under Motor Traffic Pollution
Authors: Erofeeva Elena A.
Published: June 2015

Various plant indexes are used or recommended for bioindication. However, the nonmonotonic dose–response dependences (hormesis and paradoxical effects) of these indexes are insufficiently explored upon exposure to pollution. We studied the dependences of these Betula pendula indexes on the intensity of motor traffic pollution. Regression analysis did not reveal any dependence of chlorophyll and carotenoid content on traffic intensity (in 2008 and 2010-2013). Lipid peroxidation rate had different versions of paradoxical effects in 2008 and 2010 to 2012 and increased in comparison with control under an increase in pollution level in 2013. In 2010 to 2012, all dose–response dependences for total protein and thiol group content were biphasic and multiphasic paradoxical effects. In 2013, an increase in traffic intensity induced a linear reduction in protein content and an increase in thiol group level in comparison with the control. In most cases, the studied phenological indexes and seed production decreased monotonically in comparison with the control following an increase in traffic intensity. Only in 2010 and 2013, share of fallen leaves had hormesis and paradoxical effect accordingly. Fluctuating asymmetry had a paradoxical effect and hormesis in 2008 and 2012, accordingly, and increased in comparison with the control under an increase in the level of pollution in 2010 to 2011.
Development and piloting of a decision aid for women considering participation in the Sentinel Node Biopsy versus Axillary Clearance 2 breast cancer trial
Authors: Juraskova Ilona , Butow Phyllis , Fisher Alana , Bonner Carissa , Anderson Caroline , Bu Stella , Scarlet Jenni , Stockler Martin R , Wetzig Neil , Ung Owen , Campbell Ian
Published: June 2015

Background/aims:

This study aimed to (1) develop a decision aid for women considering participation in the Sentinel Node Biopsy versus Axillary Clearance 2 (SNAC-2) breast cancer surgical trial and (2) obtain evidence on its acceptability, feasibility, and potential efficacy in routine trial clinical practice via a two-stage pilot.

Methods:

The decision aid was developed according to International Patient Decision Aid Standards. Study 1: an initial pilot involved 25 members of the consumer advocacy group, Breast Cancer Network Australia. Study 2: the main pilot involved 20 women eligible to participate in the SNAC-2 trial in New Zealand. In both pilots, a questionnaire assessed: information and involvement preferences, decisional conflict, SNAC-2 trial-related understanding and attitudes, psychological distress, and general decision aid feedback. A follow-up telephone interview elicited more detailed feedback on the decision aid design and content.

Results:

In both pilots, participants indicated good subjective and objective understanding of SNAC-2 trial and reported low decisional conflict and anxiety. The decision aid was found helpful when deciding about trial participation and provided additional, useful information to the standard trial information sheet.

Conclusion:

The development and two-stage piloting process for this decision aid resulted in a resource that women found very acceptable and helpful in assisting decision-making about SNAC-2 trial participation. The process and findings provide a guide for developing other trial decision aids.
Applying the intention-to-treat principle in practice: Guidance on handling randomisation errors
Authors: Yelland Lisa N , Sullivan Thomas R , Voysey Merryn , Lee Katherine J , Cook Jonathan A , Forbes Andrew B
Published: June 2015

Background:

The intention-to-treat principle states that all randomised participants should be analysed in their randomised group. The implications of this principle are widely discussed in relation to the analysis, but have received limited attention in the context of handling errors that occur during the randomisation process. The aims of this article are to (1) demonstrate the potential pitfalls of attempting to correct randomisation errors and (2) provide guidance on handling common randomisation errors when they are discovered that maintains the goals of the intention-to-treat principle.

Methods:

The potential pitfalls of attempting to correct randomisation errors are demonstrated and guidance on handling common errors is provided, using examples from our own experiences.

Results:

We illustrate the problems that can occur when attempts are made to correct randomisation errors and argue that documenting, rather than correcting these errors, is most consistent with the intention-to-treat principle. When a participant is randomised using incorrect baseline information, we recommend accepting the randomisation but recording the correct baseline data. If ineligible participants are inadvertently randomised, we advocate keeping them in the trial and collecting all relevant data but seeking clinical input to determine their appropriate course of management, unless they can be excluded in an objective and unbiased manner. When multiple randomisations are performed in error for the same participant, we suggest retaining the initial randomisation and either disregarding the second randomisation if only one set of data will be obtained for the participant, or retaining the second randomisation otherwise. When participants are issued the incorrect treatment at the time of randomisation, we propose documenting the treatment received and seeking clinical input regarding the ongoing treatment of the participant.

Conclusion:

Randomisation errors are almost inevitable and should be reported in trial publications. The intention-to-treat principle is useful for guiding responses to randomisation errors when they are discovered.
Approach and Avoidance as Organizing Structures for Motivated Distance Perception
Authors: Balcetis Emily
Published: June 2015

Emerging demonstrations of the malleability of distance perception in affective situations require an organizing structure. These effects can be predicted by approach and avoidance orientation. Approach reduces perceptions of distance; avoidance exaggerates perceptions of distance. Moreover, hedonic valence, motivational intensity, and perceiver arousal cannot alone serve as organizing principles. Organizing the literature based on approach and avoidance can reconcile seeming inconsistent effects in the literature, and offers these motives as psychological mechanisms by which affective situations predict perceptions of distance. Moreover, this perspective complements functional models of perception claiming perceptions of distance serve adaptive responding, and in so doing suggests why perceptions of distance respond to affective situations. This review contributes to the building of a broader theory of motivated distance perception.
The Paradox of Parsimony in Motivated Distance Perception
Authors: Storbeck Justin
Published: June 2015

The motivated distance perception theory (Balcetis, 2016) paradoxically is too parsimonious to account for a variety of findings, including those of the author. The theory poorly defines the features of eliciting situations, which fails to constrain the theory making it nonfalsifiable and allows for post hoc interpretation of the effects. Finally, the theory ignores the complexity of the motivational system and the automaticity of motivations.
Commentary on Balcetis: On Some Limits to the Motivational Direction Approach
Authors: Stefanucci Jeanine K. , Stokes Dustin
Published: June 2015

While we are sympathetic to Balcetis’s approach, we feel that using motivational direction as the sole organizing structure for influences of affect on perception may be unnecessarily limiting. Three reasons for this concern are discussed.
Future Tests of Motivated Distance Perception From Multiple Perspectives
Authors: Balcetis Emily
Published: June 2015

In response to comments, I repeat and further support the proposal that valence and arousal cannot serve as independent factors of motivated distance perception, but can be incorporated into the model as features of motivational direction. I articulate the importance of eliciting experiences to predict the direction of motivational direction, suggest additional ways to measure motivational direction, and direct the reader to extensive literatures that have illustrated conditions that give rise to approach and avoidance. Finally, I conjecture on how the motivated distance perception model can be further developed.
‘I don’t want to cause any trouble’: the attitudes of hospital patients towards patient empowerment strategies to reduce healthcare-acquired infections
Authors: Seale Holly , Travaglia Joanne , Chughtai Abrar A , Phillipson Lyn , Novytska Yuliya , Kaur Rajneesh
Published: June 2015

Background:

Patients have, traditionally, been assumed to be the passive party in the healthcare-associated infections equation, with relatively little research focused on the patients’ perspective. This study aimed to explore the attitudes of hospital patients towards patient empowerment as one of the key components of patient engagement.

Methods:

Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with surgical patients from a major public hospital in Sydney, Australia.

Findings:

While participants acknowledged that patients could play a role in preventing infections while in hospital, that role was largely associated with maintaining their own personal hygiene. No reference was made to patients interacting with staff members. Some participants said that they would feel comfortable and happy to engage with staff, while others voiced concerns. Some about not wanting to ‘cause trouble or start fires’ and therefore would not tell staff members to perform hand hygiene. Some participants articulated a fear that their care may be negatively affected if they directly engaged or confronted clinicians about their behaviours.

Conclusion:

We found that patient engagement remains an underused method of preventing healthcare-associated infections, and the deep-seated public fears about individual vulnerabilities still need to be addressed.
Management of Postthrombolysis Hemorrhagic and Orolingual Angioedema Complications
Authors: O’Carroll Cumara B. , Aguilar Maria I.
Published: June 2015

Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator was first approved for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in the United States in 1996. Thrombolytic therapy has been proven to be effective in acute ischemic stroke treatment and shown to improve long-term functional outcomes. Its use is associated with an increased risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage as well as orolingual angioedema. Our goal is to outline the management strategies for these postthrombolysis complications.
Management of a complete uterine prolapse in a cat
Authors: Deroy Claire , Bismuth Camille , Carozzo Claude
Published: June 2015

A young female cat was presented with a protrusion of the uterus through the vulvar lips. The cat had a history of recent parturition, with delivery without incident of three kittens 48 h earlier. No fetus was found in the uterus. The protruding uterus was amputated and a staged ovariohysterectomy was performed. The day after surgery, the queen was healthy with no evidence of vulvar discharge. Two months later, the owner reported that the queen was clinically normal with no recurrence of clinical signs.
Metabolic bone disease and central retinal degeneration in a kitten due to nutritional inadequacy of an all-meat raw diet
Authors: Lenox Catherine , Becvarova Iveta , Archipow Wendy
Published: June 2015

A 5-month-old castrated male Sphynx kitten presented with left hindlimb lameness shortly after adoption. Prior to adoption, the breeder had fed the kitten an exclusively raw chicken diet. Radiographs revealed generalized osteopenia and a left tibia–fibula fracture. Ophthalmic examination revealed corneal vascularization and opacity in the right eye, and lesions suggestive of feline central retinal degeneration in the left eye. The patient’s diagnoses included metabolic bone disease and feline central retinal degeneration, which can result from taurine deficiency. The kitten’s nutritional diseases were managed with a complete and balanced canned diet designed for kitten growth and with taurine supplementation.
Endophthalmitis due to an intra-ocular linear foreign body in a cat
Authors: Delgado Esmeralda
Published: June 2015

Case summary

An unusual case of an intraocular linear foreign body that migrated from the oral cavity, causing a severe endophthalmitis, in a cat is described. A 2-year-old female domestic shorthair cat presented with signs of infection from the left eye that had begun 2 weeks previously. Despite having been prescribed oral and topical antibiotics, there was a progressive worsening of the clinical signs. On ophthalmic examination the cat presented with severe endophthalmitis, secondary glaucoma and exposure keratitis of the left eye. Radiography demonstrated the presence of an intraocular linear metallic foreign body compatible with a sewing needle. During enucleation, when the globe was extracted, the sewing needle stayed in the orbit. When the needle was pulled away, a piece of thread was also retrieved, which demonstrated that the linear foreign body had migrated retrogradely from the oral cavity to the orbit through the pterygopalatine fossa. Surgical recovery was uneventful.

Relevance and novel information

Intraocular foreign bodies may present in a variety of ways, which may hinder their clinical detection. The management and prognosis depend on the composition and location of the foreign body, as well as the possible presence of secondary infection. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first time that a case of severe endophthalmitis following retrograde intraocular migration of a linear foreign body from the oral cavity to the orbit through the pterygopalatine fossa in a cat has been reported.
Probable vasovagal reaction following cystocentesis in two cats
Authors: Odunayo Adesola , Ng Zenithson Y , Holford Amy Lynn
Published: June 2015

Case summary

This case report describes an acute reaction, thought to be vagally mediated, in two cats immediately following cystocentesis. Both cats were being evaluated for feline idiopathic cystitis and developed bradycardia, hypersalivation, urination and weakness after a blind cystocentesis. Both cats recovered uneventfully with supportive care.

Relevance and novel information

A vagally mediated response may occur in cats after cystocentesis, which is a common procedure performed by veterinary professionals in cats. This response may be very profound and dramatic. Affected cats will likely make an uneventful recovery. This vagally mediated response to cystocentesis, though reported by word of mouth among veterinarians, has not been described in the literature. This is the first documentation of its occurrence in cats.
Otogenic meningoencephalomyelitis due to Cryptococcus gattii (VGII) infection in a cat from Western Australia
Authors: Siak Meng K , Paul Amanada , Drees Randi , Arthur Ian , Burrows Amanda K , Tebb Anna J , Malik Richard
Published: June 2015

Case summary

A 7-year-old spayed domestic longhair cat from Perth, Western Australia, presented with left-sided head tilt, dysphonia, head shaking, inappetence and weight loss. A polypoid lesion had previously been removed from the external ear canal. Otitis media with extension into the external ear canal was suspected and investigated using video-otoscopy and computed tomography examination. Invasive disease with extension from the middle ear to the base of the skull, and intracranial extension into the caudal fossa and cranial cervical vertebral canal was detected. Cytology of external ear canal exudate showed capsulated budding yeasts and Cryptococcus gattii VGII was cultured. Treatment with amphotericin B infusions and oral fluconazole was prescribed, with nutritional support via oesophagostomy tube. The cat clinically recovered 12 months after treatment commenced.

Relevance and novel information

This case report describes the successful medical treatment of otogenic meningoencephalomyelitis due to C gattii (VGII) infection in a cat.
Cannabis-induced alterations in brain activation during a test of information processing speed in patients with MS
Authors: Pavisian Bennis , Staines W Richard , Feinstein Anthony
Published: June 2015

Objective

The objective of this article is to determine the functional brain correlates of information processing speed in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who smoke cannabis and those who are drug naïve.

Methods

Two neurologically and demographically matched samples of MS patients were enrolled, those who smoked cannabis daily ( n = 20) and those who were cannabis naïve ( n = 19). All participants completed the Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests and underwent fMRI testing during which they were administered a modified version of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (mSDMT).

Results

The cannabis group responded slower in nine of 11 blocks of the mSDMT ( p < 0.001), showing a trend toward a slower response time ( p < 0.08), but did not differ in the accuracy of response ( p < 0.18). Both groups displayed activation in a prefrontal cortex-parietal network associated with information processing speed. When compared to the cannabis-naïve group, cannabis users showed less activation in the right ( p = 0.009) and left ( p = 0.001) thalami and increased activation in the anterior cingulate ( p = 0.006).

Conclusion

Regular cannabis use in MS patients is associated with slower information processing speed and a pattern of cerebral activity that differs from cannabis-naïve individuals, most notably in a bilateral reduction of thalamic activity.
Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture Stability
Authors: Voleti Pramod B. , Liu Stephen Y. , Baldwin Keith D. , Mehta Samir , Donegan Derek J.
Published: June 2015

Introduction:

Intertrochanteric (IT) femur fractures are common in elderly patients who are often in poor general health. Intertrochanteric fractures are classified as stable or unstable, taking into account fracture morphology and involvement of the posteromedial calcar. The purpose of this study is to determine whether IT fracture stability can be used as a marker for general health or as a predictor of postoperative medical complications in elderly patients.

Materials and Methods:

We reviewed the records of all patients treated for IT fractures at our institution over the past 7 years. We excluded patients who were younger than 60 years, polytraumatized, involved in high-energy mechanisms of injury, managed nonoperatively, with hardware from previous surgery, or missing preoperative radiographs. Ninety-three patients were included in the present series. Three orthopedic surgeons independently reviewed all preoperative radiographs and classified each fracture as either stable or unstable. Interrater reliability was .77 (substantial) and consensus designation was assigned by majority. We reviewed charts for age, gender, time to surgery, length of hospital stay, type of surgery, estimated blood loss, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, and postoperative medical complications. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to determine the relationship of fracture stability on ASA class and medical complications.

Results:

Intertrochanteric fracture stability had no detectable relationship with ASA class ( P = .497). On univariate analysis, stability was not significantly related to medical complications ( P = .421). Our multivariate analysis found that only ASA was related to medical complications ( P = .004), and fracture stability was not related to complications ( P = .538).

Conclusion:

Intertrochanteric fracture stability does not appear to be a marker for poor general health or to predict postoperative medical complications in elderly patients in this limited study. ASA class was predictive of medical complications. Interestingly, medical complications were 8% greater in patients with unstable fractures than in patients with stable fractures.
Exploring Shared Measurement Properties and Score Comparability Between Two Versions of the Supports Intensity Scale
Authors: Seo Hyojeong , Shogren Karrie A. , Wehmeyer Michael L. , Hughes Carolyn , Thompson James R. , Little Todd D. , Palmer Susan B.
Published: June 2015

This study examined similarities and differences in measurement properties and score comparability of the Supports Intensity Scale–Adult Version (16–64 years) and the Supports Intensity Scale–Children’s Version (5–16 years). Data were collected from 142 adolescents with intellectual disability with both versions of the Supports Intensity Scale. Data analyses indicated clear alignment of the specific set of items across parallel activity domains, as well as support for score comparability across two assessments. This suggests the two versions of Supports Intensity Scale can be used with confidence with transition-aged students to assess their support needs and inform supports planning, depending on the purpose of assessment. Implications and future directions for research and practice are discussed.
Efficiency of high-dose cytarabine added to CY/TBI in cord blood transplantation for myeloid malignancy
Authors: Arai Yasuyuki , Takeda June , Aoki Kazunari , Kondo Tadakazu , Takahashi Satoshi , Onishi Yasushi , Ozawa Yukiyasu , Aotsuka Nobuyuki , Kouzai Yasuji , Nakamae Hirohisa , Ota Shuichi , Nakaseko Chiaki , Yamaguchi Hiroki , Kato Koji , Atsuta Yoshiko , Takami Akiyoshi
Published: June 2015

Key Points

HDCA plus CY/TBI improved overall survival relative to CY/TBI in CBT for myeloid malignancy. HDCA suppressed relapse but did not increase the incidence of severe adverse events or nonrelapse mortality.
Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS) for the acute treatment of migraine: evaluation of outcome data for the UK post market pilot program
Authors: Bhola Ria , Kinsella Evelyn , Giffin Nicola , Lipscombe Sue , Ahmed Fayyaz , Weatherall Mark , Goadsby Peter J
Published: June 2015

Background

Single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS) is a novel treatment for acute migraine. Previous randomised controlled data demonstrated that sTMS is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of migraine with aura. The aim of the programme reported here was to evaluate patient responses in the setting of routine clinical practice.

Methods

Migraine patients with and without aura treating with sTMS had an initial review (n = 426) and training call, and then participated in telephone surveys at week six (n = 331) and week 12 during a 3-month treatment period (n = 190).

Results

Of patients surveyed with 3 month data (n = 190; episodic, n = 59; chronic, n = 131), 62 % reported pain relief, finding the device effective at reducing or alleviating migraine pain; in addition there was relief reported of associated features: nausea- 52 %; photophobia- 55 %; and phonophobia- 53 %. At 3 months there was a reduction in monthly headache days for episodic migraine, from 12 (median, 8–13 IQ range) to 9 (4–12) and for chronic migraine, a reduction from 24 (median, 16–30 IQ range) to 16 (10–30). There were no serious or unanticipated adverse events.

Conclusion

sTMS may be a valuable addition to options for the treatment of both episodic and chronic migraine.
The Opioid Peptide Dynorphin a Induces Leukocyte Responses via Integrin Mac-1 (αMβ2, CD11b/CD18)
Authors: Podolnikova Nataly P. , Brothwell Julie A. , Ugarova Tatiana P.
Published: June 2015

Background

Opioid peptides, including dynorphin A, besides their analgesic action in the nervous system, exert a broad spectrum of effects on cells of the immune system, including leukocyte migration, degranulation and cytokine production. The mechanisms whereby opioid peptides induce leukocyte responses are poorly understood. The integrin Mac-1 (αMβ2, CD11b/CD18) is a multiligand receptor which mediates numerous reactions of neutrophils and monocyte/macrophages during the immune-inflammatory response. Our recent elucidation of the ligand recognition specificity of Mac-1 suggested that dynorphin A and dynorphin B contain Mac-1 recognition motifs and can potentially interact with this receptor.

Results

In this study, we have synthesized the peptide library spanning the sequence of dynorphin AB, containing dynorphin A and B, and showed that the peptides bound recombinant αMI-domain, the ligand binding region of Mac-1. In addition, immobilized dynorphins A and B supported adhesion of the Mac-1-expressing cells. In binding to dynorphins A and B, Mac-1 cooperated with cell surface proteoglycans since both anti-Mac-1 function-blocking reagents and heparin were required to block adhesion. Further focusing on dynorphin A, we showed that its interaction with the αMI-domain was activation independent as both the α7 helix-truncated (active conformation) and helix-extended (nonactive conformation) αMI-domains efficiently bound dynorphin A. Dynorphin A induced a potent migratory response of Mac-1-expressing, but not Mac-1-deficient leukocytes, and enhanced Mac-1-mediated phagocytosis of latex beads by murine IC-21 macrophages.

Conclusions

Together, the results identify dynorphins A and B as novel ligands for Mac-1 and suggest a role for the Dynorphin A-Mac-1 interactions in the induction of nonopiod receptor-dependent effects in leukocytes.
Patternable PEDOT nanofilms with grid electrodes for transparent electrochromic devices targeting thermal camouflage
Authors: Kim Bumsoo , Koh Jong Kwan , Park Junyong , Ahn Changui , Ahn Joonmo , Kim Jong Hak , Jeon Seokwoo
Published: June 2015

This paper reports a new type of transmitting mode electrochromic device that uses the high-contrast electrochromism of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and operates at long-wavelength infrared (8–12 μm) . To maximize the transmittance contrast and transmittance contrast ratio of the device for thermal camouflage, we control the thickness of the thin PEDOT layer from 25 nm to 400 nm and develop a design of grid-type counter electrodes. The cyclability can be greatly improved by selective deposition of the PEDOT film on grid electrodes as an ion storage layer without any loss of overall transmittance. The device with optimized architectures shows a high transmittance contrast ratio of 83 % at a wavelength of 10 μm with a response rate under 1.4 s when alternating voltage is applied. Captured images of an LED lamp behind the device prove the possibility of active, film-type camouflage against thermal detection.
CD4+CD28null T lymphocytes resemble CD8+CD28null T lymphocytes in their responses to IL-15 and IL-21 in HIV-infected patients
Authors: Echeverría Ainara , Moro-García Marco A , Asensi Víctor , Cartón José A , López-Larrea Carlos , Alonso-Arias Rebeca
Published: June 2015

HIV-infected individuals suffer from accelerated immunologic aging. One of the most prominent changes during T lymphocyte aging is the accumulation of CD28null T lymphocytes, mainly CD8+ but also CD4+ T lymphocytes. Enhancing the functional properties of these cells may be important because they provide antigen-specific defense against chronic infections. The objective of this study was to compare the responses of CD4+CD28null and CD8+CD28null T lymphocytes from HIV-infected patients to the immunomodulatory effects of cytokines IL-15 and IL-21. We quantified the frequencies of CD4+CD28null and CD8+CD28null T lymphocytes in peripheral blood from 110 consecutive, HIV-infected patients and 25 healthy controls. Patients showed increased frequencies of CD4+CD28null and CD8+CD28null. Both subsets were positively correlated to each other and showed an inverse correlation with the absolute counts of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Higher frequencies of HIV-specific and CMV-specific cells were found in CD28null than in CD28+ T lymphocytes. Activation of STAT5 by IL-15 and STAT3 by IL-21 was higher in CD28null compared with CD28+ T lymphocytes. Proliferation, expression of CD69, and IFN-γ production in CD28null T lymphocytes were increased after treatment with IL-15, and IL-21 potentiated most of those effects. Nevertheless, IL-21 alone reduced IFN-γ production in response to anti-CD3 stimulation but increased CD28 expression, even counteracting the inhibitory effect of IL-15. Intracytoplasmic stores of granzyme B and perforin were increased by IL-15, whereas IL-21 and simultaneous treatment with the 2 cytokines also significantly enhanced degranulation in CD4+CD28null and CD8+CD28null T lymphocytes. IL-15 and IL-21 could have a role in enhancing the effector response of CD28null T lymphocytes against their specific chronic antigens in HIV-infected patients.
Emerging challenges to the oil and gas industry from induced seismicity — An introduction to this special section: Injection-induced seismicity
Authors: Habiger Robert , Beroza Gregory
Published: June 2015

The phenomenon of induced seismicity has been recognized for decades; however, it has commanded significant new attention in the last five years. This is particularly true as it is related to unconventional hydrocarbon recovery methods that are seeing increasingly wide use in the oil and gas industry. Early attention on the topic was brought into focus by a U. S. Department of Energy (DOE)-sponsored study undertaken by the National Research Council (issued in 2012), well-attended SEG technical workshops, and interest from both the public and the press about the cause of earthquakes in areas that are unaccustomed to having them.
Increasing seismicity in the U. S. midcontinent: Implications for earthquake hazard
Authors: Ellsworth William L. , Llenos Andrea L. , McGarr Arthur F. , Michael Andrew J. , Rubinstein Justin L. , Mueller Charles S. , Petersen Mark D. , Calais Eric
Published: June 2015

Earthquake activity in parts of the central United States has increased dramatically in recent years. The space-time distribution of the increased seismicity, as well as numerous published case studies, indicates that the increase is of anthropogenic origin, principally driven by injection of wastewater coproduced with oil and gas from tight formations. Enhanced oil recovery and long-term production also contribute to seismicity at a few locations. Preliminary hazard models indicate that areas experiencing the highest rate of earthquakes in 2014 have a short-term (one-year) hazard comparable to or higher than the hazard in the source region of tectonic earthquakes in the New Madrid and Charleston seismic zones.
A century of oil-field operations and earthquakes in the greater Los Angeles Basin, southern California
Authors: Hauksson Egill , Göbel Thomas , Ampuero Jean-Paul , Cochran Elizabeth
Published: June 2015

Most of the seismicity in the Los Angeles Basin (LA Basin) occurs at depth below the sediments and is caused by transpressional tectonics related to the big bend in the San Andreas fault. However, some of the seismicity could be associated with fluid extraction or injection in oil fields that have been in production for almost a century and cover ∼ 17% of the basin. In a recent study, first the influence of industry operations was evaluated by analyzing seismicity characteristics, including normalized seismicity rates, focal depths, and b-values, but no significant difference was found in seismicity characteristics inside and outside the oil fields. In addition, to identify possible temporal correlations, the seismicity and available monthly fluid extraction and injection volumes since 1977 were analyzed. Second, the production and deformation history of the Wilmington oil field were used to evaluate whether other oil fields are likely to experience similar surface deformation in the future. Third, the maximum earthquake magnitudes of events within the perimeters of the oil fields were analyzed to see whether they correlate with total net injected volumes, as suggested by previous studies. Similarly, maximum magnitudes were examined to see whether they exhibit an increase with net extraction volume. Overall, no obvious previously unidentified induced earthquakes were found, and the management of balanced production and injection of fluids appears to reduce the risk of induced-earthquake activity in the oil fields.
Modeling pressure response into a fractured zone of Precambrian basement to understand deep induced-earthquake hypocenters from shallow injection
Authors: Raziperchikolaee S. , Miller J. F.
Published: June 2015

Analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution of seismic events in Youngstown, Ohio, from previous studies has revealed that the seismicity was triggered by injection during January through December 2011 into a brine-disposal well (North Star #1 well). Investigation of the hypocenters of induced earthquakes, which were substantially deeper than the injection zones in the well, brings the question of how pore pressure could migrate more than a kilometer below the injection zone into the Precambrian basement rock to cause induced seismicity. By doing numerical modeling of brine injection into the North Star #1 well, it is possible to better understand the relationship among induced-seismicity hypocenter locations, pressure diffusion, and formation geology. The effects of geologic and geomechanical characteristics of subsurface formations have been studied, the potential of hydraulic fracturing during brine injection has been considered, and the potential presence of conductive fault or fractured zones has been evaluated. Results show that conductive fractures and faults could be considered one of the main causes of deep induced seismicity by serving as conduits to the deeper, critically stressed basement faults. In addition, heterogeneity along the fault zone could be one of the reasons for lateral migration of earthquake hypocenters over time.
Hurricanes as Mediatized Disasters
Authors: Taras Raymond
Published: June 2015

Media narratives inscribe disasters with cultural meanings and politically consequential interpretations. Examining newspaper coverage in Mexico and Cuba of the emergency response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005 reveals (mis)perceptions of the role and effectiveness of government different from perceptions in the United States. International frames of the US response to this natural disaster not only highlight different underlying sources for the tragedy but also shift attention away from material conditions to subjective perceptions that produce trauma, and they chart the part played by media in shaping them. Mexican and Cuban narratives underscored what mainstream US politics today rejects: effective government counts.
Vietnamese American New Orleans
Authors: Nguyen Marguerite
Published: June 2015

This article weaves together interviews, cultural studies scholarship, and a personal experience of New Orleans to interpret narratives of Vietnamese Americans in the city pre- and post-Katrina. New Orleans is home to one of the densest concentrations of Vietnamese Americans in the country, and the community’s quick return and recovery after the hurricane thrust them into the local and national spotlight. The community’s vibrant urban farms have been a particular point of focus, but this article shows how the range of meanings emerging from the Vietnamese American New Orleans landscape—from pastoral ideals to urban decay—demonstrates how Vietnamese Americans complicate conventional understandings of race, space, and citizenship in the Crescent City.
Introduction: Antinormativity’s Queer Conventions
Authors: Wiegman Robyn , Wilson Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2015

Can queer theory proceed without an allegiance to antinormativity? The introduction to this special issue establishes the value of this question by staging an encounter with the most widely held assumption in queer theory today: that the political value of the field lies in its antinormative commitments. The first section of this introduction demonstrates how profoundly the history of queer theorizing has been shaped by an antinormative sensibility, one that has organized the multiple and at times discordant itineraries of analysis that comprise the queer theoretical archive into a field-forming synthesis. In part 2, the authors offer a more studied consideration of the character of norms. By articulating the difference between a norm and the terms that often define it—domination, homogenization, exclusion, hegemony, identity, or more colloquially, the familiar, status quo, or routine—this section demonstrates the importance of renewing queer theoretical attention to the conceptual and political particularity of normativity as a distinct object of inquiry. The authors’ aim is not to dismiss the political agenda that antinormativity has come to represent for queer inquiry, but to channel some of the field’s energies toward analyzing the critical authority it now wields. This entails promoting scholarship that not only rethinks the meaning of norms, normalization, and the normal but that also imagines new ways to approach the politics of queer criticism altogether. In the final section, the authors describe the specific contribution of each of the volume’s essays to this endeavor.
The Trouble with Antinormativity
Authors: Jagose Annamarie
Published: June 2015

It is widely presumed in queer theory today that the political value of the field lies in its antinormative commitments. A historically framed attentiveness to the context in which antinormativity came to define the queer theoretical project, however, raises the possibility that queer theory’s conventional commitments to antinormativity need to be reconsidered. As part of that project, this essay traces the elaboration of the norm in Judith Butler’s Gender Trouble, reading it against what is often taken as its inspiration, Michel Foucault’s understanding of normalization in The History of Sexuality, volume 1. Butler’s description of how norms work and, more particularly, how norms might be subverted is radically inconsistent with Foucault’s account of the processes of normalization that characterize modern power. This inconsistency allows us to see that, despite its apparent singularity, antinormativity is not a homogenous thing except in its field-founding force for queer theory.
Doing Being Deviant: Deviance Studies, Description, and the Queer Ordinary
Authors: Love Heather
Published: June 2015

The appearance of deviance as a fact of social life—a permanent and unavoidable feature of social life and an object of study for the social scientist—distinguishes postwar deviance studies from the antimethod, anti-institutional, and antinormative field of queer studies. While deviance studies focused on the description and analysis of social norms, queer scholars saw themselves as participating in their subversion. This collapse of the position of the scholar and the social deviant produced transformations in the ethos and style of scholarship, and yet it did not profoundly change the material conditions or the power relations between professional academics and the marginal subjects they study. The refusal of social scientific methods undermines queer scholars’ claims to interdisciplinarity. While queer studies has understood itself alternately as interdisciplinary and as antidisciplinary, it has failed to grapple with methods of description and objectification that would allow for a fuller apprehension of social worlds and of the position of the researchers who study them. Through a return to the history of postwar sociology, this essay shows that the account of deviance as part of the social world rather than a departure from it offers an important model for queer scholarship and for the apprehension of the queer ordinary.
Sex After the Black Normal
Authors: Edwards Erica R.
Published: June 2015

This essay works at the intersection of queer critique and black feminism to elaborate the problem that the incorporation of minority difference into the institutions and imaginaries of contemporary global power poses for our habits of thought in feminist studies. Attending to black women’s sexuality in state narratives of black freedom and black freedom-to-secure against the backdrop of the racial makeovers of the late twentieth century, and at the same time turning to black women’s expressive culture as a site that both reflects and troubles those racial makeovers, this essay argues that black women’s sexuality functions at once as a lubricant for neoliberal governmentality and as a domain of collective preservation within this order. The author reads the queer force of black women’s survival in the Museum of African American History’s Changing America exhibit, along with Jesmyn Ward’s 2011 novel Salvage the Bones, as a narrative modality that exposes the limits of queer antinormativity in contemporary queer and feminist theories. Given how black women’s sexuality serves as a resource for both premature death and surplus life, attention to its complex and contradictory figurations in the contemporary era emphasizes how normativity functions as a complicated set of relations and movements, a systematicity in which even that which we have understood as nonnormative, other, deviant, or pathological is constitutive of the norm.
Hierarchical Bimodal Mesoporous Structure Modified with Ni Nanoparticles through One-Pot Process for Effective Carbon Dioxide Methanation
Authors: Yokoyama Kota , Matsushita Sachiko , Komatsu Takayuki , Isobe Toshihiro , Nakajima Akira
Published: June 2015

With the intent of preparing a catalyst support, a hierarchical bimodal mesoporous structure with two types of mesopores (2–50 nm) that would show both high mass transport and high reaction rate was fabricated through a one-pot process using organic monoliths and surfactant micelles. The selectivity and efficiency of a prototypical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction reaction, namely, the methanation of CO2 on Ni nanoparticles, were increased by the fabricated structure. This catalytic phenomena was discussed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-angle annular dark-field imaging scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), to observe surface area of the structures, catalyst amount, molecular diffusion efficiency, and CO2 methanation mechanisms. The thermal stability of this hierarchical porous structure in the 823–1273 K temperature range was also examined. Although additional experiments such as the change of the pore size, pore shapes, and the ratio of the larger pores and smaller pores, are required to further discussions, there is a possibility that the hierarchical bimodal mesoporous structure can be a good catalyst support.
Understanding carbon regulation in aquatic systems - Bacteriophages as a model
Authors: Sanmukh Swapnil , Khairnar Krishna , Paunikar Waman , Lokhande Satish
Published: June 2015

The bacteria and their phages are the most abundant constituents of the aquatic environment, and so represent an ideal model for studying carbon regulation in an aquatic system. The microbe-mediated interconversion of bioavailable organic carbon (OC) into dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by the microbial carbon pump (MCP) has been suggested to have the potential to revolutionize our view of carbon sequestration. It is estimated that DOC is the largest pool of organic matter in the ocean and, though a major component of the global carbon cycle, its source is not yet well understood. A key element of the carbon cycle is the microbial conversion of DOC into inedible forms. The primary aim of this study is to understand the phage conversion from organic to inorganic carbon during phage-host interactions.

Time studies of phage-host interactions under controlled conditions reveal their impact on the total carbon content of the samples and their interconversion of organic and inorganic carbon compared to control samples. A total organic carbon (TOC) analysis showed an increase in inorganic carbon content by 15-25 percent in samples with bacteria and phage compared to samples with bacteria alone. Compared to control samples, the increase in inorganic carbon content was 60-70-fold in samples with bacteria and phage, and 50-55-fold for samples with bacteria alone. This study indicates the potential impact of phages in regulating the carbon cycle of aquatic systems.
Jak badać samogłoski metodami akustycznymi? Propozycja metody opartej na względnych częstotliwościach formantowych oraz modelu samogłosek podstawowych
Authors: Rybka Piotr
Published: June 2015

How to study vowels using acoustic methods? A proposal of a method based on relative formant frequencies and cardinal vowels model. Part II .

The second part of the paper consists of a list of relative formant frequencies of model vowels (the method of calculation was discussed in the first part). In this part, a test of the proposed method is designed using several new devices, such as the articulatory difference between vowels (expressed both as an integer and as a percentage), and the percentage distance between the analysed vowels and the particular model. In addition, a few simple statistics such as median, mode and arithmetic mean are used. The test itself consists of recognizing new vowels as pronounced by three different phoneticians. The calculations lead to the conclusion that recognition of vowels carried out with the use of the proposed method produces very accurate results which, most importantly, do not deviate in most instances from the expected values (the difference between the recognized vowel and the vowel described by the speaker did not exceed 40%). In conclusion, this part of the paper describes the advantages and limitations of the proposed method, and suggests possible solutions which may help improve the results in the future.
Onimy marketingowe – między informacją a perswazją
Authors: Graf Magdalena
Published: June 2015

Marketing onyms – between information and persuasion

The paper analyses selected types of marketing names representing modern chrematonymy, in a wide sense of the word. It focuses on names of jewelery, of housing estates, and – if they were utilized in advertising – of cities. The author emphasizes the fluidity of the borders between specific onomastic categories, and the different ranks and functions of names that appear in advertising.
Wielki słownik języka polskiego PAN a obecna sytuacja językoznawstwa polskiego
Authors: Żmigrodzki Piotr
Published: June 2015

The Great Polish Academy of Sciences Dictionary of Polish and the current situation of Polish linguistics

Currently the head of the Great PAN Dictionary of Polish, the author presents his observations on past and present difficulties of lexicographical work. In his view, lexicography is an activity that both uses and publicizes the achievements of scientific linguistics, and therefore, its development is tightly bound to the current state of research on contemporary language. The progress of these studies in Poland is currently not satisfactory; training of young academics and future lexicographers is also inadequate. These issues should become the subject of a general discussion for the entire millieu of Polish linguists, so that scientific and lexicographical work on Polish can advance judiciously in the future.