bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thanatological Discourse in Ivan Bunin’s Works
Authors: Meskin Vladimir
Published: September 2024

The article analyses the memoir notes of Ivan Bunin and his contemporaries, who knew him closely, which express his attitude to death. Bunin’s notes, drafts and diaries are full of his reflections on the subject of finiteness of human life. In conversations with relatives and friends he confessed that he “is obsessed with the death” and that he “is afraid of it.” The theme of death is the key issue in many of Ivan Bunin’s prosaic and poetic works. In the book “The Life of Arsenyev,” which can be considered the writer’s autobiography, he mentions the fact that the acceptance of death has made him think about the existence of God and the existential dilemma for the first time. Bunin’s fear of death was a kind of a phobia reflected in all his works. The idea of the finiteness of existence is based not only on the perception and feelings of some of Bunin’s characters, but also on the fate of entire social classes. This is why Bunin’s imagery is characterized by a nostalgic, elegiac tone, the “matte silver” colour (according to M. Gorky). The writer rebels against the inevitability of death the way children do (“I will not give in”) and the way writers do by using their works as a line of defense in the struggle over time (“Now you are a thought. You are eternal”). A specific thanatological perception of the world sharpened his attention to Buddhism and to the doctrine of reincarnation. The “law of beauty” for Bunin is based on an eschatological view. That is why he doesn’t write about the future and interprets everything related to the ideal, nature and eternity in a Christian way
LA PROTECCIÓN DE LAS PERSONAS MAYORES EN LA ACTUACIÓN DE LA COMISIÓN INTERAMERICANA DE DERECHOS HUMANOS
Authors: Miranda Bonilla Haideer
Published: September 2024

El presente estudio analiza el grado de protección que la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos ha reconocido en el ejercicio de sus principales competencias a las personas mayores.
Limitaciones del sistema de libertad anticipada costarricense: Estudio de caso del sistema japonés para la implementación de reformas penitenciarias.
Authors: García Ramírez Daniel
Published: September 2024

Este artículo examina los retos enfrentados por el sistema de libertad anticipada costarricense como consecuencia directa de la falta de una estructura normativa sólida.
Conceptual dimensions of conceptions of teaching problem-solving
Authors: Bendeliani Natia
Published: September 2024

Studies over the past three decades have shown the alignment between teachers' conceptions and approaches to teaching. However, little attention has been given to exploring skill-oriented teaching conceptions and approaches, such as problem-solving (PS). Although teachers' views, beliefs, and understanding of problem-solving have been studied to a certain extent, there has not been a common conceptual ground to study the conceptions of teaching problem-solving in a wider and multidisciplinary context. Therefore, this review article aims to assemble and provide conceptual clarity to the elements teaching problem-solving might constitute to create the foundation for future study. Positing that the way teachers conceive ‘problem’ in instruction, the process of problem-solving, and their role inform the approaches they take to teach PS, this paper provides conceptual grounding and reasoning of each element. To conclude, the paper might be a valuable resource for scholars starting to examine the same topic, as it provides overviews of seminal papers and essential insights into the topic, demonstrating the importance of studying conceptions of teaching problem-solving.
Thomas David DuBois, China in Seven Banquets: A Flavourful History
Authors: Bilton Sam
Published: September 2024

Thomas David DuBois, China in Seven Banquets: A Flavourful History, London: Reaktion Books, 2024: 296 pp, Hardback, £18. ISBN 978-1789148619.
Fifty Years of English Food
Authors: Bilton Sam
Published: September 2024

In 1974 Jane Grigson published English Food to restore some faith in England’s culinary heritage and show that there was a great deal of merit in the traditional, domestic cooking of this nation. Fifty years on, Sam Bilton reflects on the relevance of this work today.
Statistical analysis of global debt in the world economy
Authors: Firsanova Violetta
Published: September 2024

The object of research is global debt (or world debt) in the world economy. Today, the problem of global debt (or global indebtedness) is extremely acute in the world economy. The global debt indicator is the largest in all history of the world economy and has already amounted to 315 trillion USD in 2024. The interdependence of the global debt and the main macroeconomic indicators were investigated in this paper. The main world macroeconomic indicators (GDP, inflation, imports, exports, economic growth) and world population are treated as global in this publication. The forecasting of the global debt index was also carried out until 2035 in the world economy.
Statistical analysis methods were used in this research. All research results were obtained through the Statgraphics Centurion statistical package. This package made it possible to carry out the Multiple Analysis of Variance procedure and forecasting through the ARIMA (1,0,0) model.
During applying the Multiple Analysis of Variance procedure, this publication included the results of Pearson’s correlation, Spearman’s rank correlation and analysis of covariance. Pearson’s correlation made possible to reveal which global macroeconomic indicators the global debt has very strong and weak connections. Spearman’s rank correlation also demonstrates the interdependence of global debt and global macroeconomic indicators. Covariance analysis gave results that differ from the above methods. In turn, the ARIMA model was used to forecast the global debt until 2035 in this research.
The essence of the research results is that global debt has the closest relationships with such global macroeconomic indicators as global GDP, global exports and global imports and world population. Global debt is moderately correlated with such global macroeconomic indicators as global inflation and global economic growth. The ARIMA model predicts an increase of global debt by 2035, rather than a decrease, and, accordingly, these global macroeconomic indicators as interdependent from the debt.
In practice, these results can be used to implement appropriate economic policies to balance the main macroeconomic indicators in the economy in order to reduce the indebtedness of states that, in turn, affects on the global debt.
Additional research into arsenic (III) effective catalytic oxidation in an aqueous solution on a new calcium doped active manganese dioxide in a flow column
Authors: Abower Denis
Published: September 2024

In many places in the world, groundwater contains arsenic compounds. To purify water containing arsenic effectively, arsenic (III) compounds must be oxidised. The subject of this study is oxidation of arsenic (III) compounds in an aqueous solution in a flow column mode.
The industrial arsenic oxidation technology involving aggressive oxidising agents such as chlorine or ozone, which is used most commonly today, has a number of serious disadvantages. The most problematic include extremely high risks for human health and the environment, the process cost and overall complexity. Catalytic oxidation of arsenic (III) compounds with atmospheric oxygen is an alternative that is free from the above disadvantages. Previously, the author studied the process of effective catalytic oxidation of arsenic (III) on the new active manganese dioxide (NADM) he had synthesised.
Later, however, it turned out that NADM has a significant drawback: during prolonged flow column stops, its catalytic activity drops sharply. This work proposes both a theoretical justification for and a solution to this problem. A new calcium-doped active manganese dioxide NADM-Ca0.5 was synthesised. It was shown that NADM-Ca0.5 demonstrates high catalytic activity towards arsenic (III). The fact that flow column long stops do not affect its catalytic activity was also experimentally confirmed. On the basis of the study results, some theoretical aspects are also discussed of the mechanism for catalytic oxidation of arsenic (III) with oxygen on active manganese dioxide in an aqueous solution.
For successful industrial implementation of the technology for catalytic oxidation of arsenic (III) compounds on NADM-Ca0.5, experimental work on pilot plants in the field is required and further laboratory research is needed in order to develop a detailed theoretical basis for the mechanism of catalytic oxidation of arsenic in aqueous solutions.
The results of this work are of interest for both industrial companies specialising in water purification from arsenic compounds, and scientists and researchers studying catalytic oxidation of arsenic (III), as well as heterogeneous catalytic oxidation with oxygen in general.
Assessment of Various Insulin Resistance Surrogate Indices in Thai People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Chatchomchuan Waralee , Thewjitcharoen Yotsapon , Nakasatien Soontaree , Wanothayaroj Ekgaluck , Krittiyawong Sirinate , Himathongkam Thep
Published: September 2024

Objective. To compare insulin surrogate indices with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in Thai people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methodology. A cross-sectional study of 97 individuals with T2D was done to determine the association between HOMA-IR and seven surrogate indices for insulin resistance. IR was defined as HOMA-IR ≥2.0. The indices included Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index, estimated Glucose Disposal Rate (eGDR) calculated by WC, BMI, and WHR.
Results. A total of 97 subjects with T2D (36.1% female, mean age 61.7 ± 12.0 years, BMI 26.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2, A1C 6.9 ± 1.2%) were studied. The TyG index showed a positive association with HOMA-IR, while eGDR exhibited a negative association. TyG index had the strongest correlation with IR (r = 0.49), while various eGDR formulas showed weaker negative correlations (r = 0.12-0.25). However, subgroup analysis in individuals with T2D and coronary artery disease (CAD) showed that only eGDR-WC and eGDR-BMI demonstrated a significant correlation with triple vessel disease.
Conclusion. The TyG index was a useful and simple marker for identifying the presence of IR in Thai people with T2D. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to demonstrate the prediction value of cardiovascular outcomes.
When Political Ethics Meets Political Practice: Dilemmas, Virtues & Vices in the Swedish Parliament
Authors:   , Martinsson Joel
Published: September 2024

In this dissertation, I offer a novel perspective on what happens when political ethics meets political practice by exploring how Swedish parliamentarians reason about ethical dilemmas related to transparency, honesty, and compromise. Additionally, I study what parliamentarians consider to be the most challenging ethical dilemmas, the most important virtues, and the most problematic vices. Drawing on 74 in-depth scenariobased interviews and using a multi-stage analytical framework, I empirically show how several under-theorized aspects of political dilemmas are critical to how parliamentarians’ reason about everyday political dilemmas. Transparency, often seen as a cornerstone of democratic accountability in the literature, is considered by parliamentarians in relation to how it affects their political independence, appearance, and judgment. Honesty, a virtue often mentioned by parliamentarians, is, I argue, more about avoiding lying than always speaking about everything that is true. Compromising, generally viewed favorably in the literature, was in practice challenged by the difficulties in upholding and properly communicating the theoretically crucial difference between making a compromise and finding consensus. In the chapters on virtues and vices, I show how a multi-theme and multilevel perspective illuminates the role of virtues and vices in politics overall and their influence on how parliamentarians reason about dilemmas. Theoretically, a key contribution lies in the introduction of powerlessness as a central aspect for understanding what political dilemmas are, who faces them, and how they are handled. Moreover, by synthesizing the results from the empirical chapters with previous literature, I show how three additional analytical categories are critical for understanding how politicians reason when they face political dilemmas: the ethical sphere in which the dilemma occurs, the optics of the action taken, and how they have demarcated their responsibility. These results inform the literature on political dilemmas, particularly those in the ‘dirty hands’ genre, by underlining previously under-theorized aspects of political dilemmas. The dissertation also makes a methodological contribution by introducing an empirical method that future studies can use to operationalize, explore, and analyze political dilemmas.
EARLY OUTCOMES OF ROBOTIC ENHANCED VIEW TOTALLY EXTRAPERITONEAL VENTRAL HERNIA REPAIR: A SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: PILTCHER-DA-SILVA Rodrigo , SOARES Pedro San Martin , BODANESE Beatriz Carolina Schuta , JASINSKI Gabriel , MAKIYAMA Ana Carolina de Oliveira , RUGGERI João Rafael Bora , COELHO Júlio Cezar Uili , CLAUS Christiano Marlo Paggi
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Incisional hernia (IH) is an abdominal wall defect due to a previous laparotomy, and surgical repair is the only treatment. IH has a negative impact on patients’ quality of life. In the last decades, the approach has improved from open to laparoscopic and robotic surgery with the objective of promoting better abdominal wall function after reconstruction. Today, robotic enhanced-view totally extraperitoneal (reTEP) is one of the most advanced techniques for abdominal wall reconstruction. AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyze the early results of patients with incisional hernia submitted to repair with reTEP. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study, and all patients who underwent reTEP surgery for ventral hernia in the years 2021 and 2022 were included. The only exclusion criteria were patients who underwent another type of herniorrhaphy. Statistical analysis was performed using the Stata software. RESULTS: A total of 32 participants were submitted to reTEP; the majority had an incisional hernia, and according to the European Hernia Society, EUS-M score 3 was the most prevalent. The mean surgical time was 170 min, and the console time was 142 min. Most patients stayed 2 days in the hospital. No intraoperative complications were reported. CONCLUSIONS: reTEP is a safe and effective technique and has favorable outcomes in the early postoperative period. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these findings.
Bovine viral diarrhea virus and its association with herd characteristics in Brazilian dairy farms
Authors: Ferreira Janaína Santos , Pacito Sara Altíssimo , Baccili Camila Costa , Vieira Fabiano Koerich , Sviercoski Leonardo Moreira , Ienk Tanaane , Pagno Jefferson Tramontini , Gomes Viviani
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a productive and reproductive virus with a high global economic impact on dairy production systems. We investigated the prevalence of BVDV at the herd and individual levels in most dairy-producing regions of Brazil. The frequency of BVDV at the herd level was investigated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in bulk milk tanks monitored at 289 dairy farms between August 2020 and January 2022. Among these farms, 68 production systems were selected to investigate the prevalence of persistently infected (PI) animals using two antigen-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (Ag-ELISAs), at 21-d intervals, from ear-notch samples. In total, 2,902 RT-qPCR and 23,466 Ag-ELISAs were performed. At the herd level, 23.87% (69/289) of dairy farms were considered infected, presenting at least one qPCR test positive. At the individual level, 41.2% (28/68) of the subgroup of selected farms had at least one animal positive in the Ag-ELISA test. Association between tests allowed the classification of farms into the following four categories: level 0, negative for both tests (41.2%, 28/68); level 1, RT-qPCR positive and Ag-ELISA negative (17.6%, 12/68); level 2, RT-qPCR negative and Ag-ELISA positive (13.2%, 9/68); and level 3, positive for both tests (27.9%, 19/68). Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) suggested a possible association between BVDV positivity and large farms, average daily milk production (herd), breed, and somatic cell counts. The confinement and intensification of animals from different categories, and use of artificial bedding are associated with BVDV infection. Using waste or bulk tank milk to fed calves was also a risk factor for BVDV positivity in RT-qPCR and Ag-ELISA. Despite the use of reproductive vaccines by most producers, their use seems to be associated with BVDV-positive farms. This study presented the epidemiological frequencies of BVDV at the individual and herd levels in the Campos Gerais Paranaense region. The region ranks among the top milk-producing areas in Brazil. Additionally, the association between BVDV tests and farm characteristics indicated the farm risk for BVDV and guides specific control programs.
Durum wheat production in Diyarbakır Province of Türkiye: situation analysis and future perspective
Authors: Sevim Şenay
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT: This study was to understand, evaluated and analyzed various issues related to durum wheat production. The population of the study consisted of durum wheat producers working in Ergani, Yenişehir, Bismil and Çınar districts of Diyarbakır province. The sample of the study was determined by using simple random sampling method among durum wheat producers operating in Ergani, Yenişehir, Bismil and Çınar districts of Diyarbakır province. In the study, the “sales kg” criterion was reported to be more important than the others. The “Eyyübi” variety was have the highest performance compared to other alternatives. It was also found that producers’ priorities in variety selection were resistance/tolerance of the variety to diseases and pests, market selling price and seed price. Türkiye stands out as an important durum wheat producing country. Secondly, the best performing product in Türkiye on the cost-benefit axis is Eyyübi This study was carried out with the financial support of TAGEM. It is declared that there is no conflict of interest.
Environmental factors associated with seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. infection in stray and shelter dogs in the Caatinga biome
Authors: Severo Maylson Andrade , Henrique Clécio Limeira , Araújo Sabrinna de Sales , Portela Roseane de Araújo , Magalhães Nathália Maria de Andrade , Rocha Karla Nayalle de Souza , Alves Clebert José , Santos Carolina de Sousa Américo Batista , Azevedo Sérgio Santos de
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that must be studied on the One Health point of view. It is possible that there are particularities in the epidemiology of leptospirosis in Caatinga biome, where the environment is often unfavorable and challenges the adaptability of Leptospira spp. Overall, 100 dogs (47 shelter and 53 stray dogs) selected based on sampling calculation were used to evaluate the Leptospira spp. seroprevalence and associated factors. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was applied to detect anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies (cut-off titer 50). Risk factors were identified using the robust Poisson regression analysis. Twenty-four animals (24%; 95% CI = 15.6% - 32.4%) were seroreactive, antibody titers ranged from 50 to 200, and the reacting serogroups were Ballum (17%), Autumnalis (6%) and Djasiman (1%). The factors/categories associated with seropositivity were the environment where the animal stay/soil (prevalence ratio [PR] = 6.03; 95% CI for PR: 1.86 - 7.69; P < 0.001) and access to polluted water/yes (PR = 3.79; 95% CI for PR: 1.85 - 24.22; P = 0.011). The results suggested leptospirosis as a concern in the One Health context in stray and shelter dogs from the Caatinga biome despite the adverse conditions of this biome for the survive of Leptospira spp. on the environment. Moreover, despite being social and government issues, factors such as environment where the animal stay (soil) and access to polluted water must be carefully deemed and corrected to avoid the transmission of leptospires to animals and humans.
Características sociodemográficas e anos potenciais de vida perdidos por acidentes com motocicleta no Brasil em 2019
Authors: Galvão Pauliana Valéria Machado , Mendes Marcos Vinicius de Carvalho , Machado Marcos Cezar Feitosa de Paula , Rodrigues Priscila Maria de Barros , Conrado George Alessandro Maranhão , Costa Polyana Felipe Ferreira da
Published: September 2024

Resumo Introdução: Os acidentes por transporte terrestre estão entre as dez principais causas de morte no mundo, principalmente entre os jovens. Essas mortes refletem um importante impacto socioeconômico e precisam ser mensurados. Um dos recursos é o indicador Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos (APVP). Objetivo: Descrever aspectos sociodemográficos e estimar os APVPs devido a acidentes por motocicletas no Brasil. Método: Estudo descritivo de dados secundários oficiais, incluindo óbitos por acidentes com motocicletas em 2019. O indicador APVP e a taxa APVP foram calculados por sexo, faixa etária e regiões geográficas. Resultados: Em 2019, ocorreram 11.182 óbitos por acidentes com motocicleta, envolvendo principalmente homens, solteiros, pardos, de 20 a 39 anos e ensino médio completo, os quais sucederam-se principalmente no Nordeste. A taxa de APVP foi de 194,6 anos perdidos/100.000 habitantes e as taxas de mortalidade variaram de 3,4 a 8,4 mortes/100.000 habitantes. A proporção de fatalidades foi oito vezes maior em homens que em mulheres. Conclusões: Os achados deste estudo reforçam que esses acidentes são um problema considerável, com impacto socioeconômico prevenível e, com ações intersetoriais e medidas de fácil execução e baixo custo.
Efecto del pH, temperatura y volumen del reactor autoclave en la síntesis del h-WO3 por el método hidrotermal
Authors: Hernández Alitzel González , González Leandro García , Ramírez Nelly Flores , Torres Julián Hernández
Published: September 2024

RESUMEN En este trabajo de investigación se estudió sistemáticamente el efecto del pH sobre la formación de la fase hexagonal del óxido de tungsteno usando el método hidrotermal. Se varío el pH de la solución precursora en 1, 2 y 3 y se usó un reactor autoclave hidrotermal de 50 y 200 ml. Se realizaron tratamientos térmicos post síntesis a 350 °C y 400 °C durante un tiempo de 2 horas. Los resultados de FE-SEM nos muestran el efecto del pH en la morfología, observándose la formación de nanobarras para un pH 1, nanovarillas a un pH 2 y nanotubos a un pH 3. De igual manera, de los resultados de NTA se observa un crecimiento del tamaño de partícula, a cualquier pH, al incrementar la temperatura de tratamiento térmico. De igual manera, al incrementar el volumen del reactor autoclave hidrotermal se observa un incremento en el diámetro de los nanotubos. Del análisis de los resultados de DRX, se observa la formación de la fase hexagonal como una fase predominante en todas las muestras. A pH 1 y 2 se observa también la fase monoclínica y ortorrómbica, respectivamente, y a pH 3 solo la fase hexagonal es presente.
Healing of leprosy-associated chronic plantar wounds with a novel biomembrane containing latex proteins from Calotropis procera
Authors: Nunes M. O. , Alencar N. M. N. , Pontes M. A. A. , Silva P. G. B. , Rabelo L. M. A. , Lima-Filho J. V. , Souza T. F. G. , Almeida M. G. G. , Ramos M. V.
Published: September 2024

Abstract Pre-clinical assays demonstrated that a 1% polyvinyl alcohol biomembrane containing latex proteins (10%) from the medicinal plant Calotropis procera was biocompatible and stimulated healing of incisional and excisional wounds in murine models, and the mechanistic aspects were established. The efficacy of the biomembrane (BioMemCpLP) to promote healing of chronic ulcers in leprosy patients was investigated. The study started with 28 volunteers. Five were excluded later due to different disconformities. Ulcers from 15 patients were continuously treated with BioMemCpLP for 56 days. Five patients were treated only with silver sulfadiazine and three patients received plain hydrocolloid wound dressings with high absorption capacity. In all cases, wound dressings were renewed three times a week for 56 days and ulcers were evaluated weekly for contraction and healing progress. The extent of the healed area in the ulcers treated with BioMemCpLP was greater than in the control groups. Approximately 88% of ulcers treated with BioMemCpLP were fully healed before day 56, against 6% in both control groups. This result was not correlated with age/gender, duration or location of ulcers, deformity or whether or not the patient was cured of leprosy. The results showed that BioMemCpLP was beneficial for treatment of ulcers suffered by leprosy patients without noticeable side effects.
Herpetofauna of Nísia Floresta National Forest, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil: Richness and abundance differences among natural and secondary forests
Authors: Sousa Maria Beatriz de Andrade , Lion Marília Bruzzi , Costa Winícius Mateus Magalhães , Egl Bryan André de Lima , Figueiredo Fabiany Herica , Leite Nicolas Vinicius A. A. , Marcos Daniel Victor Morais , Magalhães Felipe de Medeiros , Matias Cícera Silvilene Leite , Neta Aldenir Ferreira da Silva , Oliveira José Eduardo Gomes de , Puertas Igor Peres , Queiroz Vitória Godeiro de , Silva Daniel da Costa , Silva Willianilson Pessoa da , Silveira Filho Ricardo Rodrigues da , Soares Matheus Lucas Azevedo , Mesquita Daniel Oliveira , Garda Adrian Antonio
Published: September 2024

Abstract In the Atlantic Forest, species distributions are not uniform. The biome has been divided into 8 biogeographic sub-regions, such as the Pernambuco Center of Endemism (PCE), in northeastern Brazil. Nísia Floresta National Forest (Flona) is a protected area situated in the municipality of Nísia Floresta, Rio Grande do Norte state, harboring native vegetation (Atlantic Forest and "Restingas or Tabuleiros") as well regenerating areas, with experimental plots of exotic plants for timber production. Herein, we present, for the first time, a species list of the herpetofauna surveyed at Flona over the past 10 years, using a standardized, long-term sampling design along with visual encounter surveys. We conducted monthly surveys across the area using 84 pitfall traps randomly distributed in 21 arrays throughout the forest's three phytogeographic zones (Restinga, Atlantic Forest, and Regeneration). In addition, we characterized ground-dwelling herpetofauna community diversity across these three zones over the course of an entire year. We collected a total of 39 species of reptiles (among lizards, snakes, chelonians, alligators, and amphisbaenians) and 24 species of frogs. The most frequent family found for reptiles was Dipsadidae, followed by Colubridae. In frogs, Leptodactylidae was the most common, followed by Hylidae. Herpetofaunal diversity in regeneration areas is smaller than forests, which in turn are marginally less diverse than the Restinga. Community descriptors such as equity, presence of exclusive species, and differences in abundances and composition indicate that distinct management strategies for each zone are needed for this protected area. At last, albeit smaller, diversity in regenerating areas is similar to natural areas, a reassuring result considering the significant deforestation the Atlantic Forest has suffered and the urgent need for restoration initiatives.
Big Data: Modos de fazer, comparar e governar
Authors: Munhoz Sara R. , Perin Vanessa Parreira , Ribeiro Magda dos Santos
Published: September 2024

Resumo Neste dossiê, congregamos pesquisas que descrevem e analisam relações constituídas sob o efeito dos big data. A partir de espaços bastante distintos entre si - o jurídico, o burocrático, o agrícola, o biotecnológico, o econômico, o pornográfico -, voltamo-nos às agências conflitivas e criativas implicadas no que os dados fazem ver e no que são capazes de criar por meio de seu potencial de hiper-relacionalidade. Discutimos, então, a relação dos volumosos bancos de dados com aparatos diversos, como aplicativos, satélites, microscópios, documentos e algoritmos, capazes de arranjar e distribuir elementos informacionais por meio de práticas comparativas. Examinamos procedimentos de coleta e processamento de big data em diferentes setores e instituições; a pulverização das linguagens algorítmicas e estatísticas; as exigências crescentes por transparência, precisão e celeridade; a vinculação entre o tratamento de dados e as possibilidades de desenvolvimento democrático e sustentável. É dada especial atenção às transformações éticas e epistemológicas que envolvem os big data, bem como os efeitos da mobilização de conhecimentos computacionais por especialistas, incluídos aí os/as próprios/as antropólogos/as, em diferentes ambientes de produção de conhecimento.
Padrões de aniquilação: mainstream econômico e biotecnologia
Authors: Ribeiro Magda dos Santos , Luz Manuel Ramon Souza
Published: September 2024

Resumo A natureza aniquiladora da ordem neoliberal capitalista atravessa diferentes domínios do conhecimento e da vida. Ao percorrermos dois eixos analíticos distintos - biotecnologia e economia - buscamos explicitar algumas das formas assumidas daquilo que chamamos padrões de aniquilação. Na biotecnologia, em particular na produção de Organismos Genéticos Modificados (OGMs), observamos o processo contraditório da tríade biodiversidade-biotecnologia-monocultura, no qual os resultados (monocultura) aniquilam a própria fonte de sua existência (biodiversidade). De forma semelhante, o pensamento econômico dominante (chamado mainstream) se modifica constantemente através de uma lógica ao mesmo tempo seletiva e eliminatória de ideias econômicas alternativas que compõem aquilo que podemos definir como heterodoxia econômica. Em movimento dialógico e comparativo, o texto objetiva refletir sobre as formas assumidas por este padrão: variação e uniformização, estabilidade e inconstância, multiplicidade e singularidade, formas capazes de animar ou de aniquilar ideias, visões de mundo, organismos e seres. Neste exercício reflexivo, propomos uma abordagem que perpassa as relações entre antropologia, economia e biotecnologia para compreender padrões de repetição nada aleatórios ou imprevisíveis.
Map, Territory, and Everything in Between: environmental data and territorialisation
Authors: Walford Tone
Published: September 2024

Abstract This article argues that in order to get to grips with emergent forms of environmental governance and politics, the de-spatialised and un-situated claims of open data initiatives need to be interrogated. Drawing on ethnographic work with an international scientific project in the Brazilian Amazon, the article explores the everyday collection of environmental data in the field as a way of making space, through simultaneous processes of re-territorialisation and de-territorialisation. It brings to light the ongoing labour and complex layering and folding of these territorial formations, as well as their capacity to foster ambivalently differentiated social and affective worlds. These worlds emerge from technologies of territorialisation but are not subsumed by them. The article then turns to a contrasting case, that of the apparently virtual data infrastructures and portals of open data initiatives, asking what forms of territorialisation they might constitute. The paper ends with the tentative suggestion that ‘openness’ is not a spatial form that the world is assumed to take, but is the apparatus itself of extension, the social and political machinery of de- and re-territorialisation.
Elaborando a violência na Amazônia: “consideração” versus “direitos”
Authors: Boyer Véronique
Published: September 2024

Resumo A partir da comparação dos discursos respectivamente de um homem e de um casal, todos pequenos agricultores da região de Altamira, Estado do Pará, o artigo enfoca as formas de apreensão da violência em situações de conflitos fundiários. A primeira parte apresenta os elementos que estas três pessoas associam à violência: tentativas de intimidações e homicídio, tiroteios e incêndios criminosos, sentimento de medo e vivência sob constantes ameaças. A segunda parte destaca os contrastes entre os discursos - tanto pela escolha das palavras-chave utilizadas quanto pelas formas como cada pessoa imagina poder se proteger: por um lado, o “respeito” e a “consideração” nas relações interpessoais, sendo vista a deflagração da violência no entorno imediato como uma consequência direta da violação dessa convenção moral fundamental; por outro, a proteção dos “direitos coletivos” por meio da justiça, o exercício do poder devendo aqui obedecer a leis e regras normativas, em princípio alheias a qualquer “favor”. Para concluir, procuro mostrar que estas diferenças não devem ser vistas como oposições irredutíveis, mas antes como polos em tensão cuja analise sempre deve levar em conta os contextos e os interlocutores.
Das “amas” às “mães de leite”: reflexões decoloniais sobre a prática da “amamentação cruzada”
Authors: Hirsch Olivia Nogueira
Published: September 2024

Resumo O artigo versa sobre a prática tecnicamente chamada de “amamentação cruzada”, isto é, quando uma mulher amamenta um bebê que não foi ela quem gerou. A reflexão toma como ponto de partida a experiência de seis mulheres da favela da Rocinha (RJ), que amamentaram ou tiveram seus filhos aleitados por outras. A “amamentação cruzada” é contraindicada pelo Ministério da Saúde desde a década de 1990, devido à possibilidade de transmissão de doenças pelo leite materno, principalmente do vírus HIV. A pesquisa aponta que a normativa, contudo, não chegou a promover a interrupção da prática na favela, onde é comum o compartilhamento dos cuidados das crianças. Nesse cenário, a “amamentação cruzada” pode se configurar como uma, dentre outras atividades, que integram os cuidados. Em diálogo com o referencial teórico decolonial, o artigo propõe, ainda, uma comparação com a experiência das chamadas “amas de leite”, altamente disseminada no Brasil no período escravocrata.
Uma introdução à Ciência de Redes e Teoria de Grafos
Authors: Gomes Paulo Freitas
Published: September 2024

A Ciência de Redes é um formalismo matemático essencial na descrição de sistemas complexos. Este artigo é uma breve introdução dos conceitos principais da Teoria de Grafos, a base da Ciência de Redes. Começando com uma introdução histórica apresentamos os elementos básicos para definição de grafos como grau médio, matriz adjacência e componentes. Em seguida apresentamos alguns modelos básicos e famosos de redes mostrando suas definições e propriedades. Finalizamos com uma apresentação do fenômeno de percolação em rede que mostra a sinergia entre Ciência de Redes e conceitos mais tradicionais da física como transição de fase e criticalidade.
E se a energia não se conserva? Um estudo sobre o escoamento d’água em um recipiente por meio de um orifício circular
Authors: Schisler Jessica , Veit Eliane Angela , Heidemann Leonardo Albuquerque , Campomanes Ricardo Robinson
Published: September 2024

Compreender as limitações e as potencialidades dos modelos científicos é uma das dimensões da aprendizagem da Física. Uma alternativa para proporcionar essa compreensão é por meio da investigação experimental focada na avaliação das implicações das idealizações consideradas nesses modelos. Inseridos neste contexto, apresentamos uma investigação sobre o escoamento de fluidos em orifícios. Começamos analisando um modelo amplamente explorado em livros didáticos em que, pautado pela equação de Bernoulli, não são consideradas perdas de energia. Mostramos, a partir de dados experimentais coletados com videoanálise, que esse modelo não é adequado para representar o escoamento d’água, mesmo em orifícios com área menores do que 1% da área da superfície de fluido no recipiente. Propomos, então, um modelo de escoamento dissipativo mobilizando conceitos de hidrologia pouco usuais no ensino de Física. Mostramos que as predições desse modelo são corroboradas experimentalmente. Desse modo, o artigo é uma alternativa experimental para quem deseja explorar um problema de hidrodinâmica com enfoque no processo de modelagem científica, procurando, ao mesmo tempo, fomentar a aprendizagem conceitual e a compreensão do caráter representacional do conhecimento.
Impacto do Programa Agente Rural sobre o desempenho dos agricultores familiares no estado do Ceará
Authors: Silva Laura Costa , Khan Ahmad Saeed , Rodrigues Anderson da Silva , Sousa Eliane Pinheiro de
Published: September 2024

Resumo A extensão rural desempenha papel relevante no desenvolvimento rural, atuando como instrumento de alavancagem econômica, social e ambiental. Ciente dessa importância, o Ceará reestrutura seus serviços de extensão com a implementação, em 2012, do Programa Agente Rural. Neste sentido, este estudo objetiva avaliar o impacto dessa política sobre a sustentabilidade agrícola e a geração de emprego e renda dos agricultores familiares no município de Crato, Ceará, em 2021. Os dados usados foram obtidos mediante aplicação de questionários com 112 agricultores (beneficiários e não beneficiários do programa). Para tanto, utilizou-se o Índice de Sustentabilidade Agrícola (ISA) (nas dimensões ambiental e econômica) e o Propensity Score Matching (PSM). Os resultados demonstraram que o Programa Agente Rural contribuiu na adoção de tecnologias ambientalmente sustentáveis e na promoção da geração de emprego e renda para as famílias beneficiárias.
Temperature and relative humidity dynamic effect inside a soybean metal silos storage: evidence from Brazil
Authors: Souza Vitor Hugo de , Souza Adriano Mendonça , Ramser Claudia Aline de Souza
Published: September 2024

Abstract The research main purpose is to realize a short-term forecast temperature values inside metal soybean storage silos using the variables temperature and relative humidity, to predict and analyze the impulse response using vector autoregressions (VAR) with the Seemingly estimator. Unrelated Regression (SUR). The soybean storage silo is considered a multivariate system, as inside the metallic structure there are several temperature and relative humidity sensors, both located internally and externally. As a multivariate system, equations were adjusted using the vector autoregressive methodology, to capture external shocks and their influence on each variable and, determine how long this impact will take effect on the system. The forecast and response impulse show in advance the moment in which that the aeration process must be started. The system of equations points out that the prototype's external variables represented by temperature 7 (T7) and humidity (U7) directly influence other variables. After the occurrence of an external shock, endogenous variables take 4 periods of time to stabilize. An external action, whether naturally or through aeration, will take around eight hours to have an effective change in temperature and humidity. The forecast provides advance knowledge to carry out aeration in the silo, in order to keep the temperature and relative humidity controlled. As 6 periods of time are needed for the response to be carried out, ranging from hours to 12 hours, given that the observations were collected every 2 hours, this time was necessary to stabilize the variables. Keep these variables at target values to add commercial value to the product.
O que está por vir?
Authors: Corrêa Diogo Silva , Aguiar Lucas
Published: September 2024

Resumo La Société qui vient [A sociedade por vir], livro organizado por Didier Fassin, professor de Saúde Pública no Collège de France, é um extenso trabalho colaborativo, de caráter interdisciplinar, que apresenta nada menos do que 64 capítulos escritos por especialistas de várias áreas das ciências humanas. Esse livro aborda questões críticas e fundamentais da sociedade contemporânea, categorizadas em sete seções temáticas, incluindo desafios, políticas, desigualdades e a questão do reconhecimento e das novas formas de exploração. O objetivo geral da obra é diagnosticar as condições do nosso tempo presente, com a ambição preditiva de apontar tendências futuras, oferecendo assim um amplo prognóstico sobre a “sociedade por vir”.
Trocas desiguais: o Brasil e os brasileiros nas ciências sociais francesas
Authors: Martins Maro Lara
Published: September 2024

Resumo Nesta resenha, são analisadas as contribuições de Ian Merkel para os estudos sobre produção e circulação de intelectuais, ideias e produtos culturais, presentes em seu livro Terms of exchange: Brazilian intellectuals and French social sciences. Aponta-se que os argumentos do livro se enquadram em nova perspectiva teórica de análise sobre as relações culturais e políticas entre centro e periferia, derivada da teoria sociológica contemporânea, além de serem mencionadas as contribuições para a área de pensamento social brasileiro.
Dinámicas de las agendas de investigación en las Jornadas ESOCITE, 1996-2018
Authors: Levin Luciano Guillermo , Davyt Amílcar , Invernizzi Noela
Published: September 2024

Resumen El campo académico denominado Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad (CTS) en Latinoamérica ha sido analizado por algunos autores, que establecieron períodos y ciclos de interés que relacionan las producciones académicas con dinámicas de institucionalización, configuraciones disciplinarias y períodos políticos. La mayor parte de estos trabajos ha sido de índole cualitativa, interpretando el conocimiento producido en el campo a partir de la lectura de la bibliografía existente y de la experiencia en el propio campo. En términos de abordajes, se inscribieron tanto en las tradiciones de análisis de documentos como de corte antropológico, muy propios del campo CTS. En este trabajo aportamos nuevos datos, de tipo cuantitativos, a partir de la información obtenida en los eventos periódicos de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Estudios Sociales de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (Congresos ESOCITE), entendiendo que en este espacio se expresan más dinámicamente las agendas, los intereses y las producciones de los integrantes del campo. Situamos estos resultados en diálogo con los trabajos anteriores con vistas a contribuir con los estudios sobre el campo CTS.
Towards a “semantics of power”: A case of resistance and recognition in contemporary Brazilian film
Authors: Altmann Eliska
Published: September 2024

Abstract Drawing on Lula’s Angels(As Panteras do Lula), a fake trailer which premiered on the Zel Junior YouTube channel and went viral in March/April 2022, this essay discusses the construction of a “semantics of power” within the context of a Brazilian “impotent grammar”. Thus, the present work explores how artist and content creator Zel Junior elaborates, trough pop influence and a critical and humorous expression, a language which inverts far-right signs in a desire for self-representation and recognition.
Labor and childbirth care for women deprived of liberty: a scoping review
Authors: Oliveira Tatyanne Maria Pereira de , Santos Joel Araújo dos , Aquino Priscila de Souza , Jorge Herla Maria Furtado
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: To map and analyze scientific evidence on care provided to women deprived of liberty during labor and childbirth. Method: A scoping review, developed in accordance with JBI methodology, whose information sources were accessed in databases and gray literature. Selection was carried out between October and December 2023, based on reading titles, abstracts and descriptors, considering the following eligibility criteria: articles, dissertations and theses with different methodological designs available in full, without language and time limitations. Analysis was conducted by two independent reviewers, using inductive content analysis. Results: Fifteen studies were included. From the synthesis of results, two categories emerged: From the cell to the delivery room: care for women deprived of liberty; Experiences of women deprived of liberty during labor and childbirth. Conclusion: This study highlights the fragility of care practices during labor and childbirth, imposing significant challenges and resulting in adverse experiences that compromise the quality of motherhood and violate women’s fundamental rights.
A formação do nefrologista: uma análise bioética
Authors: Campos Tatiane da Silva , Gomes Andréia Patrícia
Published: September 2024

RESUMO Introdução: O processo formativo em que o profissional está inserido terá intensa relação com a forma como ele se colocará perante as situações do cotidiano de atuação, especialmente as que evidenciam conflitos bioéticos. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a formação ética dos profissionais atuantes em ambulatórios de tratamento conservador da doença renal crônica (DCR) e o conhecimento deles acerca dos conceitos, das correntes e das teorias bioéticos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa em que foram entrevistados 63 profissionais, incluindo médicos, nutricionistas, enfermeiros, psicólogos e assistentes sociais, atuantes nos ambulatórios de tratamento conservador da DRC de quatro serviços de formação de especialistas em nefrologia do Rio de Janeiro, entre março e setembro de 2022. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas pela técnica de Bardin. Resultado: Na análise das entrevistas, emergiram 28 categorias agrupadas em quatro eixos temáticos: estudo da ética; como e o que os profissionais aprendem sobre ética; relevância do estudo da ética na formação profissional; e estudo da ética em nefrologia. A avaliação do conhecimento dos profissionais acerca dos conceitos bioéticos evidenciou que apenas dois falaram de teorias bioéticas e conceitos específicos de ética. Conclusão: Evidenciaram-se desinteresse e pouca valoração do estudo da ética na formação do especialista em nefrologia, o que foi associado à dificuldade dos profissionais em compreender a importância da competência moral para uma prática médica efetiva, humanizada e de qualidade.
Ferramenta digital como recurso de ensino-aprendizagem da otorrinolaringologia: construção de um protótipo
Authors: Barros Larissa Navarro , Muniz José Robertto Bueno , Aquino Ana Clara Nascimento De , Brito Caio Vinícius Botelho
Published: September 2024

RESUMO Introdução: Os recursos tecnológicos digitais, a exemplo dos jogos, podem ser usados de forma eficiente e colaborativa no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, principalmente pela facilidade de serem inseridos no contexto acadêmico, uma vez que significativa parte dos estudantes tem acesso à internet e faz uso desses mecanismos em seu cotidiano. Tais recursos podem ser utilizados para aprimorar o conhecimento acerca de uma área específica, como a otorrinolaringologia, que envolve habilidades clínicas essenciais na formação do médico generalista, sendo destaque entre os agravos frequentes na atenção primária. Objetivo: Nesta pesquisa, objetiva-se o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta didática que possa auxiliar na aquisição de conhecimentos específicos pertinentes à prática clínica de médicos egressos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de caráter experimental de um aplicativo denominado ORLearning, baseado em competências previamente definidas em um consenso Delphi, a ser usado em estudantes de Medicina a respeito da otorrinolaringologia. Resultado: Construiu-se o protótipo com interfaces próprias destinado a discentes de Medicina. Conclusão: Frisamos a importância do uso dessas ferramentas tecnológicas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da especialidade para graduandos e recém-formados em Medicina, de modo a tornar esse processo lúdico e inovador.