bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spanning Trees of the Generalised Union Jack Lattice
Authors: Chen Lingyun , Yan Weigen
Published: March 2016

The Union Jack lattice UJL(n, m) with toroidal boundary condition can be obtained from an n×m square lattice with toroidal boundary condition by inserting a new vertex v

f
to each face f and adding four edges (v

f
, u

i
(f)), where u
1(f), u
2(f), u
3(f), and u
4(f) are four vertices on the boundary of f. The Union Jack lattice has been studied extensively by statistical physicists. In this article, we consider the problem of enumeration of spanning trees of the so-called generalised Union Jack lattice UD

n
, which is obtained from the Aztec diamond

A

D
n
t

$AD_n^t$

of order n with toroidal boundary condition by inserting a new vertex v

f
to each face f and adding four edges (v

f
, u

i
(f)), where u
1(f), u
2(f), u
3(f) and u
4(f) are four vertices on the boundary of f.
Prediction and clarification of structures of (bio)molecules on surfaces
Authors: Schön J. Christian , Oligschleger Christina , Cortes Juan
Published: March 2016

The design of future materials for biotechnological applications via deposition of molecules on surfaces will require not only exquisite control of the deposition procedure, but of equal importance will be our ability to predict the shapes and stability of individual molecules on various surfaces. Furthermore, one will need to be able to predict the structure patterns generated during the self-organization of whole layers of (bio)molecules on the surface. In this review, we present an overview over the current state of the art regarding the prediction and clarification of structures of biomolecules on surfaces using theoretical and computational methods.
Development of Modulus and Fatigue Test Protocol for Fine Aggregate Matrix for Axial Direction of Loading
Authors: Gudipudi P. P. , Underwood B. S.
Published: March 2016

The testing of fine aggregate matrix (FAM) is rapidly gaining attention in the pavement research community because of its notable similarities with asphalt concrete (AC) and the increased testing efficiency that it affords. In most of the existing studies, FAM tests are used for characterization of relative material performance in the presence of phenomenon like moisture damage and healing. However, to better understand the fundamental properties of FAM and to establish the mechanistic connection between its properties and those of AC, proper fabrication and testing protocols need to be established. The focus of this research is to develop such standard testing protocols for both dynamic modulus and uniaxial fatigue testing. In the current effort, two FAM materials are prepared with the same gradation but two different asphalt cements (PG 64-22 and PG 76-16). Pilot studies to support the development of sample fabrication protocols are explained. Both FAM materials are tested for modulus and uniaxial fatigue, and during testing both on-specimen and machine actuator displacement are recorded. Material parameters were separately calculated using these two deformation measurements and compared to uncover the errors resulting from machine-based measurements of FAM. The percentage error in measuring dynamic modulus of FAM specimens using actuator strain ranged from 5 % to 79 %. After correcting actuator strain with a constant machine compliance factor, the percentage error changed to 10 %–32 %, which is still high. In addition, variation in time dependency and fatigue damage characterization was observed using the corrected actuator data to on-specimen data. To overcome all of the above issues and measure reliable test data for FAM, it is concluded that protocols must include measurement of on-specimen deformation.
Discussion of “Radial Strain Behaviors and Stress State Interpretation of Soil Under Direct Simple Shear” by X. Kang, Y. Cheng, and L. Ge. The Regular Article Was Published in Journal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 43, No. 6, 2015, pp. 1594–1601, doi:10.1520/JTE20140202. ISSN 0090–3973
Authors: Li Y. , Yang Y. M. , Roberts G. W. , Yu H. S.
Published: March 2016

Two methods were used in determining the stress state of simple shear tests in the discussed paper. The authors stated that the second method was proposed by Oda and Konishi, based on the distribution law of contact force (Oda, M. and Konishi, J., “Rotation of Principal Stresses in Granular Material During Simple,” Soils and Foundations., Vol. 14, No. 4, 1974, pp. 39–53.). However, the relation used in the method was found by Roscoe et al. from experimental results (Roscoe, K. H., Bassett, R. H., and Cole, E. R. L., “Principal Axes Observed During Simple Shear of a Sand,” Proceedings of the Geotechnical Conference on Shear Strength Properties of Natural Soils and Rocks, Vol. 1, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo, 1967, pp. 231–237.). In addition, the determination of the constant k, which used k = 1 − K0, was problematic in the discussed paper. First, the equation could only be deduced after some assumptions were made. Second, the value of k was not a constant if the K0 changed.
Fatigue Life Prediction of a Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Composite Under Off-Axis Spectrum Loads Using 3D Constant Life Diagram
Authors: Hussain M. S. , Anilchandra A. R. , Jagannathan N. , Manjunatha C. M.
Published: March 2016

In this study, a novel concept of 3D constant life diagram (CLD) for fatigue life prediction of a unidirectional (UD) polymer composite under spectrum load is proposed. Further, it is constructed and used to predict the fatigue life of a UD carbon fiber composite (CFC) subjected to a standard spectrum load sequence at an arbitrary off-axis angle. First, UD IMA/M21 CFC laminates were fabricated by an autoclave process. Static mechanical tests were conducted to determine the tensile and compressive strength at various off-axis angles ranging from 0° to 90°. Then the constant amplitude (CA) fatigue tests at three different stress ratios, R = σmin/σmax of 0.1 (tension-tension), −1.0 (tension-compression), and 10.0 (compression-compression) and at various off-axis angles between 0° and 90° at each of these stress ratios were performed to determine stress-life curves. Using the static and CA fatigue data generated, 3D CLD for UD CFC was constructed. Further, fatigue life of UD CFC subjected to a standard mini-FALSTAFF spectrum load sequence at an arbitrary off-axis angle of 20° was predicted following an empirical method using 3D CLD. Fatigue tests under the mini-FALSTAFF spectrum load sequence at an off-axis angle of 20° were also conducted at various reference stresses and compared with the predictions. A reasonably good correlation was observed between the predicted and experimental fatigue lives under off-axis spectrum loads.
‘Love’ Lost
Authors: McDonough Kelly S.
Published: March 2016

This essay sheds light on the often contentious and always-in-process social relations among indigenous peoples of distinct social classes in colonial Mexico. Through a discourse analysis of one of Tlaxcala’s most important heritage sources, the Nahuatl-language annals of seventeenth-century Tlaxcalan noble and statesman Don Juan Buenaventura Zapata y Mendoza (Historia cronológica de la noble ciudad de Tlaxcala), I examine the subjective and objective factors that challenged Tlaxcalan noble claims to political authority, and provided the means by which indigenous commoners could advocate for themselves during the seventeenth century. A discourse analysis of this source demonstrates that tax and tribute issues as well as mestizo and/or non-indigenous interests disrupted noble hegemony. Equally, commoner recourse to the Spanish legal system and their denial of material items and labor to the nobles were mechanisms to register dissatisfaction and potentially affect change. In this way, this study advances how we understand inter-indigenous relationships of the colonial period, particularly how indigenous nobles and commoners negotiated their inherently intertwined social, political, and economic lives.

Este ensayo arroja luz sobre las relaciones sociales, a menudo polémicas y siempre en proceso, entre personas indígenas de distintas clases sociales en el México colonial. A través de un análisis del discurso de una de las fuentes más importantes del patrimonio de Tlaxcala –los anales en lengua náhuatl del noble y estadista tlaxcalteca del siglo xvii don Juan Buenaventura Zapata y Mendoza (Historia cronológica de la noble ciudad de Tlaxcala)– examino los factores subjetivos y objetivos que pusieron en vilo el reclamo de autoridad política de los nobles tlaxcaltecas, y que proporcionaron medios a los plebeyos indígenas para abogar por sí mismos durante el siglo xvii. Un análisis del discurso de esta fuente demuestra que el tema de los impuestos y el tributo, así como los intereses mestizos y/o no indígenas afectaron la hegemonía noble. De la misma manera, el recurso de los plebeyos al sistema legal español y su negativa a entregar objetos materiales y labor a los nobles fueron mecanismos que registraron la insatisfacción y afectaron potencialmente el cambio. Así, el presente estudio profundiza en la manera en que comprendemos las relaciones interindígenas del periodo colonial, particularmente la manera en que los nobles y los plebeyos indígenas ajustaron sus vidas sociales, políticas y económicas inherentemente entrelazadas.
Epidemiology of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants
Authors: Cohen Cheryl , Moyes Jocelyn , Tempia Stefano , Groome Michelle , Walaza Sibongile , Pretorius Marthi , Naby Fathima , Mekgoe Omphile , Kahn Kathleen , von Gottberg Anne , Wolter Nicole , Cohen Adam L. , von Mollendorf Claire , Venter Marietjie , Madhi Shabir A.
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND:

Increased morbidity and mortality from lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) has been suggested in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children; however, the contribution of respiratory viruses is unclear. We studied the epidemiology of LRTI hospitalization in HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) and HEU infants aged <6 months in South Africa.

METHODS:

We prospectively enrolled hospitalized infants with LRTI from 4 provinces from 2010 to 2013. Using polymerase chain reaction, nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested for 10 viruses and blood for pneumococcal DNA. Incidence for 2010–2011 was estimated at 1 site with population denominators.

RESULTS:

We enrolled 3537 children aged <6 months. HIV infection and exposure status were determined for 2507 (71%), of whom 211 (8%) were HIV infected, 850 (34%) were HEU, and 1446 (58%) were HUU. The annual incidence of LRTI was elevated in HEU (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–1.5) and HIV infected (IRR 3.8; 95% CI 3.3–4.5), compared with HUU infants. Relative incidence estimates were greater in HEU than HUU, for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV; IRR 1.4; 95% CI 1.3–1.6) and human metapneumovirus–associated (IRR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1–2.0) LRTI, with a similar trend observed for influenza (IRR 1.2; 95% CI 0.8–1.8). HEU infants overall, and those with RSV-associated LRTI had greater odds (odds ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–3.8, and 12.2, 95% CI 1.7–infinity, respectively) of death than HUU.

CONCLUSIONS:

HEU infants were more likely to be hospitalized and to die in-hospital than HUU, including specifically due to RSV. This group should be considered a high-risk group for LRTI.
Morphometric analysis of Vanilla seeds (Orchidaceae) by microscopic techniques
Authors: Alomía Jasmín A. , Muñoz Efrén , Acosta Aleyda M. , Otero J. Tupac
Published: March 2016

Se caracterizó y se comparó la morfometría de las semillas de cuatro especies de vainillas colombianas (Vanilla odorata, Vanilla calyculata, Vanilla oroana y Vanilla rivasii). Las semillas colectadas a partir de frutos maduros fueron estudiadas por microscopía óptica para caracterizar el color, la longitud y el ancho de las semillas. Además, por medio de microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) se identificaron las características de la superficie de la testa. Existieron diferencias significativas en la longitud, el ancho y en la relación longitud/ ancho entre las especies. Vanilla oronana tuvo las semillas más grandes (431 ± 17 μm de largo y 312 ± 27 μm de ancho) y difirió de las otras especies por presentar la coloración parda en tono más oscuro y por la presencia de protuberancias en la testa. Vanilla odorata fue la especie con semillas más pequeñas (310 ± 15 μm de longitud y 222 ± 18 μm de ancho) de color pardo claro. En general, las semillas presentaron la testa lisa y una forma elipsoide. Los caracteres evaluados en este trabajo podrían servir como marcadores taxonómicos en Vanilla y podrían explicar aspectos importantes de la biología de las semillas de este género. 
Serum Neopterin and Procalcitonin Levels in Relationship with Pediatric Burn Wound Infections
Authors: Pilanci Ozgur , Ergin Sevgi , Sirekbasan Serhat , Ersin Idris , Habip Zafer , Yuksel Pelin , Kuvat Nuray , Aslan Mustafa , Dinc Oyku , Saribas Suat , Kocazeybek Bekir
Published: March 2016

Infection and septic complications in burn patients can be monitored by procalcitonin (PCT) and neopterin plasma values. The aim of the study was to investigate serum neopterin and PCT levels with WBC (white blood cell) and CRP (C-reactive protein) levels in patient group (PG) and healthy control group (HCG) and to investigate the relationship of these markers with burn wound infections (BWI). As the PG, 23 patients between 0–12 ages and up to 30% Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) burned and 15 HCG were included. PCT, neopterin, WBC, and CRP results on the first, the seventh, the fourteenth and the 21st day have been compared. During the follow-up period, 11 patients with BWI and 12 patients without BWI were classified as infected and non-infected patients, respectively. PCT and neopterin levels were detected higher in patients with BWI but no significant difference were present. Also, PCT and neopterin levels within the first 24 hours following the burn were detected higher in PG than HCG. CRP and WBC levels were detected high due to burn trauma. PCT and neopterin levels were increased in patients with BWI. PCT levels were increased during the pre-infectious period, while neopterin levels increased during the post-infectious period.
Does Staphylococcus Saprophyticus Cause Acute Cystitis only in Young Females, or is there more to the Story? A One-Year Comprehensive Study Done in Budapest, Hungary
Authors: Adeghate Jennifer , Juhász Emese , Pongrácz Júlia , Rimanóczy Éva , Kristóf Katalin
Published: March 2016

Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a well-known urinary pathogen in acute cystitis in young females. We completed a retrospective overview of the distribution of urinary tract infections (UTIs) occurring in 2014, at Semmelweis University hospitals and at Heim Pál Children’s Hospital. Six age-groups (ages 0–100) were examined, with the frequency of S. saprophyticus in females being: 0.1% (0–4), 0.7%, (5–15), 7.4% (16–24), 1.2% (25–39), 0.4% (40–59) and 0.1% (60–100), and S. saprophyticus being the 3rd most common pathogen in females aged 16–24. In males, S. saprophyticus was only isolated from those aged 5–15. Seasonal distribution of UTIs caused by S. saprophyticus showed that most infections occurred during the months of January, June, August and November. Antibiotic-resistance rates of amoxicillin, clindamycin, doxycycline, erythromycin, gentamicin and sulfamethoxazole- trimethoprim varied as follows: 0.9%, 32.7%, 19.6%, 34.6%, 0.9% and 0.9%, respectively. Thirty randomly selected samples were analysed by pulsed-field gelelectrophoresis, and 28 different genotypes were identified. S. saprophyticus is involved in the pathogenesis of acute cystitis not only in young females, but also in other age-groups, and in young males as well. We did not find any significant seasonal occurrence in S. saprophyticus-caused UTIs. The infective strains were genetically diverse. Antibiotic-resistance does not pose any issue as of yet.
Lecania makarevicziae, a new lichen species from Iran
Authors: Haji Moniri M. , Kondratyuk S. Y. , van den Boom P. P. G.
Published: March 2016

A new for science species Lecania makarevicziae differing from L. pallida in having knobby to squamulose, blastidiate thallus, in having larger apothecia, in having a dark violet-brown disc, in having a plane disc, in having (1–2–)3-septate ascospores with slightly distinct constrictions at the septum, as well as in the lack of dense bluish pruina on apothecium disc, from Iran and Turkmenistan, is described, compared with closely related taxa.
A resistant case of pemphigus gestationis successfully treated with cyclosporine
Authors: Özdemir Özhan , Atalay Cemal Resat , Asgarova Vusala , Ilgin Bunyamin Ugur
Published: March 2016

Pemphigoid gestationis (PG) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease of pregnancy caused by antibasement membrane zone autoantibodies. The usual clinical findings are multiple pruritic urticarial papules and plaques, target lesions, vesicles, and blisters that occur during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy or in the immediate postpartum period. The disease is often treated with topical corticosteroids and oral antihistaminics. In more severe cases, systemic corticosteroids are needed. Herein, we report a case of resistant PG that responded to treatment with cyclosporine.
A rare case of abdominal infection: Emphysematous pyelonephritis without diabetes
Authors: Ünlüer Erden Erol , Şahin Yusuf , Oyar Orhan , Tan Gözde Canan , Karagöz Arif , Turan Celaleddin
Published: March 2016

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EP) is a rare form of necrotizing pyelonephritis. It is a life-threatening condition that usually affects patients with diabetes, and a small percentage may be due to urinary tract obstruction. Here, we present the case of an EP caused by urinary tract obstruction without diabetes. A 45-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with fever, chills, and abdominal pain. There was no significant past history. Physical examination depicted bilateral lower abdominal and right flank knocking tenderness. Laboratory exams revealed leukocytosis, neutrophilia, a high C-reactive protein level, and pyuria. Abdominal computerized tomography (CT) showed diffuse gas in the right renal collecting system and dilatation of the right renal pelvis compared to the right side, in addition to multiple millimetric stones located in the right kidney and right ureter. After emergent placement of a percutaneous nephrostomy, she was admitted. Control abdominal CT without contrast revealed the absence of gas, hydronephrosis of the right renal pelvis, and the presence of nephrolithiasis. The patient was discharged 10 days of post-procedure with instructions for follow-up. Emergency physicians need to remain alert about this life-threatening disease and the typical CT findings of this disease to make a timely diagnosis and navigate management.
Targeting antigens to DEC-205 on dendritic cells induces immune protection in experimental colitis in mice
Authors: Wadwa Munisch , Klopfleisch Robert , Buer Jan , Westendorf Astrid M.
Published: March 2016

The endocytotic c-type lectin receptor DEC-205 is highly expressed on immature dendritic cells. In previous studies, it was shown that antigen-targeting to DEC-205 is a useful tool for the induction of antigen-specific Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and thereby can prevent inflammatory processes. However, whether this approach is sufficient to mediate tolerance in mucosal tissues like the gut is unknown. In this study, we established a new mouse model in which the adoptive transfer of naive hemagglutinin (HA)-specific CD4+Foxp3− T cells into VILLIN-HA transgenic mice leads to severe colitis. To analyze if antigen-targeting to DEC-205 could protect against inflammation of the gut, VILLIN-HA transgenic mice were injected with an antibody–antigen complex consisting of the immunogenic HA110–120 peptide coupled to an α-DEC-205 antibody (DEC-HA) before adoptive T cell transfer. DEC-HAtreated mice showed significantly less signs of intestinal inflammation as was demonstrated by reduced loss of body weight and histopathology in the gut. Strikingly, abrogated intestinal inflammation was mediated via the conversion of naive HA-specific CD4+Foxp3− T cells into HA-specific CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. In this study, we provide evidence that antigen-targeting to DEC-205 can be utilized for the induction of tolerance in mucosal organs that are confronted with large numbers of exogenous antigens.
Recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease serotype 12F in a vaccinated splenectomized patient
Authors: Blaabjerg Anne Katrine , Holst Schumacher Anna , Kantsø Bjørn , Hagelskjær Kristensen Lena , Schumacher Helga
Published: March 2016

This is the first case report of recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), specifically, due to serotype 12F. The patient described here was vaccinated with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) due to previous splenectomy, and an anti-pneumococcal IgG test concluded that she had responded sufficiently to vaccination. Still, she had a fulminate recurrent infection with PPV23 serotype 12F. We investigated the anti-pneumococcal IgG test, and it turned out that it is based on the geometric mean value of only 12 of the serotypes included in PPV23; 12F is none of them. The reason is that there are no titer cut-offs available for 11 of the PPV23 serotypes, including 12F, neither nationally nor internationally. Yet, this is not specified in the answer to the clinicians. This case illustrates the need for titer cut-offs for the remaining pneumococcal serotypes in available vaccines, in order to get a more accurate estimation of the vaccination coverage for the individual patient. Therefore, more research on this area is warranted, along with a discussion of whether the laboratory answers to the clinicians should be more detailed.
Serum BDNF levels in patients with gambling disorder are associated with the severity of gambling disorder and Iowa Gambling Task indices
Authors: Choi Sam-Wook , Shin Young-Chul , Mok Jung Yeon , Kim Dai-Jin , Choi Jung-Seok , Suk-Hyun Hwang Samuel
Published: March 2016

Background and aims

Gambling disorder (GD) shares many similarities with substance use disorders (SUDs) in clinical, neurobiological, and neurocognitive features, including decision-making. We evaluated the relationships among, GD, decision-making, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as measured by serum BDNF levels.

Methods

Twenty-one male patients with GD and 21 healthy sex- and age-matched control subjects were evaluated for associations between serum BDNF levels and the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), as well as between serum BDNF levels and Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) indices.

Results

The mean serum BDNF levels were significantly increased in patients with GD compared to healthy controls. A significant correlation between serum BDNF levels and PGSI scores was found when controlling for age, depression, and duration of GD. A significant negative correlation was obtained between serum BDNF levels and IGT improvement scores.

Discussion

These findings support the hypothesis that serum BDNF levels constitute a dual biomarker for the neuroendocrine changes and the severity of GD in patients. Serum BDNF level may serve as an indicator of poor decision-making performance and learning processes in GD and help to identify the common physiological underpinnings between GD and SUDs.
Risky online behaviors among adolescents: Longitudinal relations among problematic Internet use, cyberbullying perpetration, and meeting strangers online
Authors: Gámez-Guadix Manuel , Borrajo Erika , Almendros Carmen
Published: March 2016

Background and aims

This study aims to analyze the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between three major risky online behaviors during adolescence: problematic Internet use, cyberbullying perpetration, and meeting strangers online. An additional objective was to study the role of impulsivity–irresponsibility as a possible explanatory variable of the relationships between these risky online behaviors.

Methods

The study sample was 888 adolescents that completed self-report measures at time 1 and time 2 with an interval of 6 months.

Results

The findings showed a significant cross-sectional relationship between the risky online behaviors analyzed. At the longitudinal level, problematic Internet use at time 1 predicted an increase in the perpetration of cyberbullying and meeting strangers online at time 2. Furthermore, meeting strangers online increased the likelihood of cyberbullying perpetration at time 2. Finally, when impulsivity–irresponsibility was included in the model as an explanatory variable, the relationships previously found remained significant.

Discussion

These results extend traditional problem behavior theory during adolescence, also supporting a relationship between different risky behaviors in cyberspace. In addition, findings highlighted the role of problematic Internet use, which increased the chances of developing cyberbullying perpetration and meeting strangers online over time. However, the results suggest a limited role of impulsivity–irresponsibility as an explicative mechanism.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that various online risk activities ought to be addressed together when planning assessment, prevention and intervention efforts.
Assemblage of squamate reptiles in a natural remnant of Cerrado in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Lucas Priscila Silva , Novelli Iara Alves , De Sousa Bernadete Maria
Published: March 2016

Considered one of the most threatened biomes, the Cerrado currently has more than half of its original area converted into other types of land-use and little is known about the reptiles inhabiting this biome in Minas Gerais state. We quantified the species richness of Squamata and assessed the faunal composition in the Reserva Biológica Unilavras – Boqueirão. We recorded six snake species and 10 lizard species in the various physiognomies. The highest species richness was observed in the gallery forest, followed by the cerrado sensustricto and rupestrian fields. Gallery forest and cerrado sensustricto had similar compositions. The rarefaction curves suggest it is possible that other species may occur in the study area as well as new occurrence records of some species and the distribution expansion of others for this biome in Minas Gerais.
Mainline Christianity and Gender in Zimbabwe
Authors: Taringa Nisbert , Mushishi Clifford
Published: March 2016

This research aimed to find out the actual situation on the ground regarding what mainline Christianity is actually doing in confronting or conforming to biblical and cultural norms regarding the role and position of women in their denominations. It is based on six mainline churches. This field research reveals that it may not be enough to concentrate on gender in missionary religions such as Christianity, without paying attention to the base culture: African traditional religio-culture which informs most people who are now Christians. It also illuminates how the churches are actually acting to break free of the oppressive biblical traditions and bringing about changes regarding the status of women in their churches. In some cases women are now being given more active roles in the churches, but on the other hand are still bound at home by an oppressive traditional Shona patriarchal culture and customs. Through a hybrid qualitative research design combining phenomenology and case study, what we are referring to as phenomenological case study, we argue that Christianity is a stimulus to change, an impetus to revolution, and a grounding for dignity and justice that supports and fosters gender equity efforts.
Reconhecimento de fala em idosos: proposta de um teste considerando a previsibilidade da palavra
Authors: Calais Lucila Leal , Lima-Gregio Aveliny Mantovan , Costa Maristela Júlio , Gil Daniela , Borges Alda Christina Lopes de Carvalho
Published: March 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o reconhecimento de fala, considerando a previsibilidade da palavra a partir de um teste elaborado. Métodos Foi realizada anamnese, testes de rastreio de comprometimento cognitivo e depressão e avaliação audiológica convencional. Foi desenvolvido um Teste de Reconhecimento de Fala utilizando Frases de Previsibilidade Alta e Baixa e aplicado a 36 idosos (G1 e G3 - grupos sem perda auditiva até 4 kHz e G2 e G4 - grupos com perda auditiva neurossensorial de grau leve a moderado). Dois grupos realizaram o teste no silêncio e com ruído (relação sinal/ruído +5 dB) e os outros dois grupos somente com ruído (relações +5 dB e 0 dB). Resultados O teste de reconhecimento de fala revelou, de modo geral, maior pontuação nas frases de previsibilidade alta e melhores desempenhos para os grupos sem perda auditiva. No silêncio, os idosos sem e com perda auditiva obtiveram pontuação máxima igual e as menores pontuações ocorreram na condição de ruído mais intenso. O benefício da previsibilidade foi positivo para os grupos 1, 2 e 3. O grupo 4 apresentou comportamento variado quanto ao uso da previsibilidade (ora positivo, ora negativo). Conclusão Com a população de idosos avaliados e as diferenças observadas em um dos grupos considerados, não foi possível compreender, com exatidão, como os idosos se beneficiam do apoio da previsibilidade. A perda auditiva e a presença do ruído influenciaram negativamente o desempenho no teste. Faz-se necessária a continuidade desta linha de pesquisa para determinar a validade do material elaborado.
Dimensionamento da alvenaria estrutural em situação de incêndio: contribuição à futura normatização nacional
Authors: Leite Helena Arias Lara , Moreno Júnior Armando Lopes , Torres Daniel Luis
Published: March 2016

Resumo O Brasil carece de uma legislação sobre alvenaria estrutural em situação de incêndio. Por conta disso, o Corpo de Bombeiros do Estado de São Paulo (2011) recomenda que se faça esse dimensionamento de acordo com as recomendações do Eurocode 6 (2005) ou norma internacional similar. Com o intuito de subsidiar futuras discussões sobre uma normatização nacional, neste artigo são apresentados os procedimentos de dimensionamento da alvenaria estrutural em situação de incêndio em vigor nos Estados Unidos, na Europa e na Austrália. Ao final, sem deixar ao largo o questionamento da aplicabilidade dessas três normas à situação brasileira, por conta das diferenças de materiais utilizados tanto nos blocos quanto nos acabamentos, sugere-se mesclar o que há de interessante nesses três códigos internacionais, de forma gradativa, na elaboração de futura norma brasileira sobre o assunto.
MET Exon 14 Skipping in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Heist Rebecca S. , Shim Hyo Sup , Gingipally Shalini , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Le Long , Gainor Justin F. , Zheng Zongli , Aryee Martin , Xia Junfeng , Jia Peilin , Jin Hailing , Zhao Zhongming , Pao William , Engelman Jeffrey A. , Iafrate A. John
Published: March 2016

Background.

Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) harboring specific genetic alterations can be highly sensitive to targeted therapies.

Materials and Methods.

We performed a targeted rearrangement assay on 54 NSCLCs across all stages that were from patients who were never smokers and did not have driver mutations. Because MET exon 14 skipping was the most frequent alteration found, we surveyed the results for MET exon 14 skipping at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) since the inclusion of this alteration into our current molecular profiling panel.

Results.

In a cohort of 54 never-smokers with lung cancers that were wild-type for known driver mutations, MET exon 14 skipping was the most frequently recurring alteration, occurring in 10 cancers (19%). Clinical testing at MGH via our next-generation sequencing (NGS) and NGS-rearrangement panels showed an additional 16 cases of MET exon 14 skipping, for an overall estimated frequency of 5.6%. A clinical case of a patient with MET exon 14 skipping treated with the MET inhibitor crizotinib is also described.

Conclusion.

MET exon 14 skipping is a targetable gene alteration found in NSCLC. Patients with these alterations may respond well to MET inhibition.
Inhibition of Activin Signaling Slows Progression of Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Leonhard Wouter N. , Kunnen Steven J. , Plugge Anna J. , Pasternack Arja , Jianu Sebastian B.T. , Veraar Kimberley , el Bouazzaoui Fatiha , Hoogaars Willem M.H. , ten Dijke Peter , Breuning Martijn H. , De Heer Emile , Ritvos Olli , Peters Dorien J.M.
Published: March 2016

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), characterized by the formation of numerous kidney cysts, is caused by PKD1 or PKD2 mutations and affects 0.1% of the population. Although recent clinical studies indicate that reduction of cAMP levels slows progression of PKD, this finding has not led to an established safe and effective therapy for patients, indicating the need to find new therapeutic targets. The role of TGF-β in PKD is not clearly understood, but nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated SMAD2/3 in cyst-lining cells suggests the involvement of TGF-β signaling in this disease. In this study, we ablated the TGF-β type 1 receptor (also termed activin receptor–like kinase 5) in renal epithelial cells of PKD mice, which had little to no effect on the expression of SMAD2/3 target genes or the progression of PKD. Therefore, we investigated whether alternative TGF-β superfamily ligands account for SMAD2/3 activation in cystic epithelial cells. Activins are members of the TGF-β superfamily and drive SMAD2/3 phosphorylation via activin receptors, but activins have not been studied in the context of PKD. Mice with PKD had increased expression of activin ligands, even at early stages of disease. In addition, treatment with a soluble activin receptor IIB fusion (sActRIIB-Fc) protein, which acts as a soluble trap to sequester activin ligands, effectively inhibited cyst formation in three distinct mouse models of PKD. These data point to activin signaling as a key pathway in PKD and a promising target for therapy.
Vasopressin Regulates Extracellular Vesicle Uptake by Kidney Collecting Duct Cells
Authors: Oosthuyzen Wilna , Scullion Kathleen M. , Ivy Jessica R. , Morrison Emma E. , Hunter Robert W. , Starkey Lewis Philip J. , O'Duibhir Eoghan , Street Jonathan M. , Caporali Andrea , Gregory Christopher D. , Forbes Stuart J. , Webb David J. , Bailey Matthew A. , Dear James W.
Published: March 2016

Extracellular vesicles (ECVs) facilitate intercellular communication along the nephron, with the potential to change the function of the recipient cell. However, it is not known whether this is a regulated process analogous to other signaling systems. We investigated the potential hormonal regulation of ECV transfer and report that desmopressin, a vasopressin analogue, stimulated the uptake of fluorescently loaded ECVs into a kidney collecting duct cell line (mCCDC11) and into primary cells. Exposure of mCCDC11 cells to ECVs isolated from cells overexpressing microRNA-503 led to downregulated expression of microRNA-503 target genes, but only in the presence of desmopressin. Mechanistically, ECV entry into mCCDC11 cells required cAMP production, was reduced by inhibiting dynamin, and was selective for ECVs from kidney tubular cells. In vivo, we measured the urinary excretion and tissue uptake of fluorescently loaded ECVs delivered systemically to mice before and after administration of the vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist tolvaptan. In control-treated mice, we recovered 2.5% of administered ECVs in the urine; tolvaptan increased recovery five-fold and reduced ECV deposition in kidney tissue. Furthermore, in a patient with central diabetes insipidus, desmopressin reduced the excretion of ECVs derived from glomerular and proximal tubular cells. These data are consistent with vasopressin-regulated uptake of ECVs in vivo. We conclude that ECV uptake is a specific and regulated process. Physiologically, ECVs are a new mechanism of intercellular communication; therapeutically, ECVs may be a vehicle by which RNA therapy could be targeted to specific cells for the treatment of kidney disease.
APOL1-G0 or APOL1-G2 Transgenic Models Develop Preeclampsia but Not Kidney Disease
Authors: Bruggeman Leslie A. , Wu Zhenzhen , Luo Liping , Madhavan Sethu M. , Konieczkowski Martha , Drawz Paul E. , Thomas David B. , Barisoni Laura , Sedor John R. , O'Toole John F.
Published: March 2016

APOL1 risk variants are associated with kidney disease in blacks, but the mechanisms of renal injury associated with APOL1 risk variants are unknown. Because APOL1 is unique to humans and some primates, we created transgenic (Tg) mice using the promoter of nephrin-encoding Nphs1 to express the APOL1 reference sequence (G0) or the G2 risk variant in podocytes, establishing Tg lines with a spectrum of APOL1 expression levels. Podocytes from Tg-G0 and Tg-G2 mice did not undergo necrosis, apoptosis, or autophagic cell death in vivo, even in lines with highly expressed transgenes. Further, Tg-G0 and Tg-G2 mice did not develop kidney pathology, proteinuria, or azotemia as of 300 days of age. However, by 200 days of age, Tg-G2 mice had significantly lower podocyte density than age-matched WT and Tg-G0 mice had, a difference that was not evident at weaning. Notably, a pregnancy-associated phenotype that encompassed eclampsia, preeclampsia, fetal/neonatal deaths, and small litter sizes occurred in some Tg-G0 mice and more severely in Tg-G2 mice. Similar to human placenta, placentas of Tg mice expressed APOL1. Overall, these results suggest podocyte depletion could predispose individuals with APOL1 risk genotypes to kidney disease in response to a second stressor, and add to other published evidence associating APOL1 expression with preeclampsia.
Dental microwear differences between eastern and southern African fossil bovids and hominins
Authors: Ungar Peter S. , Scott Jessica R. , Steininger Christine M.
Published: March 2016

Dental microwear has proven to be a valuable tool for reconstructing diets of fossil vertebrates. However, recent studies have suggested that the pattern of microscopic scratches and pits on teeth may be more reflective of environmental grit than of food preferences. Could differences in dental microwear between early hominins, for example, therefore be a result of dust level rather than of diet? We investigated this possibility using a palaeocommunity approach. We compared microwear texture differences between eastern and southern African Hominini, along with Plio-Pleistocene specimens representing two tribes of bovids, Alcelaphini and Antilopini, from the same deposits as the early hominins. If exogenous grit swamps diet signals, we would expect community-wide microwear patterns separating samples by region. Results indicate that each of the three tribes shows a different pattern of variation of microwear textures between eastern and southern Africa. These results imply that differences in microwear reflect diet rather than grit load, and that microwear can provide valuable information not just about environmental dust level, but about food preferences of fossil vertebrates.
review of the lunar laser ranging technique and contribution of timing systems
Authors: Munghemezulu Cilence , Combrinck Ludwig , Botai Joel O.
Published: March 2016

The lunar laser ranging (LLR) technique is based on the two-way time-of-flight of laser pulses from an earth station to the retroreflectors that are located on the surface of the moon. We discuss the ranging technique and contribution of the timing systems and its significance in light of the new LLR station currently under development by the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory (HartRAO). Firstly, developing the LLR station at HartRAO is an initiative that will improve the current geometrical network of the LLR stations which are presently concentrated in the northern hemisphere. Secondly, data products derived from the LLR experiments – such as accurate lunar orbit, tests of the general relativity theory, earth–moon dynamics, interior structure of the moon, reference frames, and station position and velocities – are important in better understanding the earth–moon system. We highlight factors affecting the measured range bias such as the effect of earth tides on station position and delays induced by timing systems, as these must be taken into account during the development of the LLR analysis software. HartRAO is collocated with other fundamental space geodetic techniques which makes it a true fiducial geodetic site in the southern hemisphere and a central point for further development of space-based techniques in Africa. Furthermore, the new LLR will complement the existing techniques by providing new niche areas of research both in Africa and internationally.
A 50 años del establecimiento de la empresa volkswagen de México. Su impacto en el paisaje cultural del valle de Puebla-tlaxcala
Authors: Torres Bautista Mariano
Published: March 2016

Este ensayo explora los cambios producidos por el establecimiento de una corporación multinacional en medio de comunidades agrícolas estancadas tecnológicamente. Presenta algunos de los resultados inesperados por políticas industrializadoras desarrollistas que nunca atienden las necesidades de desarrollo de las comunidades agrícolas y pretenden como única alternativa de desarrollo la transformación del campesinado en obrero industrial.
Cuando viajar no es un placer: El divorcio en vacaciones
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano E.
Published: March 2016

En los últimos años los especialistas en psicología y los terapeutas, se han dado cuenta que existe un cambio en los patrones de conducta en el veraneante cuando debe ser reinsertado en su vida laboral cotidiana. Estos cambios van desde la depresión hasta el divorcio, y han sido clasificados como “síndrome post-vacacional”. Si bien, por un lado, la cantidad de síntomas de este síndrome hace muy difícil el reconocimiento por parte de la academia, la realidad es que parece existir una relación directa entre el divorcio, siempre un fenómeno en ascenso, con las vacaciones y el turismo. El presente trabajo de investigación reúne evidencia que no solo refuta dicha hipótesis sino que pone en cuestionamiento las bases conceptuales del stress post-vacacional.
Reflexiones sobre la epistemología del turismo
Authors: Muñoz de Escalona Francisco
Published: March 2016

Al estudio del turismo se destinan desde hace varias décadas ingentes recursos materiales y personales. Se ha convertido hoy en la dedicación de una pléyade de estudiosos de muy desigual nivel de preparación. Lo mismo cabe decir de los centros que se ocupan de desarrollar estos estudios y, como cabía esperar, de las empresas editoriales que están al servicio de difundir los resultados de los mismos. Hay quien cree que esta sobreabundancia de centros y editoriales evidencia que, por fin, se ha alcanzado ya la tan ansiada meta de su cientificación. Los asuntos tratados por los estudiosos son cada vez más variados. Se diría que se aspira a crear un mundo que refleje y duplique el mundo convencional. No es de extrañar por ello que si existe la filosofía se ofrezca en paralelo una filosofía del turismo y, por idénticas razones, una biología del turismo o una arqueología del turismo. Y así en todos los demás aspectos en los que se diversifica el mundo. Entre ellos ha surgido hace pocos años la eventual necesidad de una epistemología del turismo. Sobre ambas cuestiones, la epistemología y el turismo, se pronuncia el presente trabajo.
Memoria de un arquitecto: Aldo Rossi. Proyecto vital e itinerario científico (estudio analítico de una autobiografía)
Authors: Vivas Ziarrusta Isusko , Lekerikabeaskoa Gaztañaga Amaia
Published: March 2016

Además de las aportaciones relevantes del autor que constituyen un recorrido profesional y vital, se destaca tanto el ‘itinerario personal’ como el ‘proyecto científico’ del arquitecto, ya que su legado no encuentra distinción entre lo escrupulosamente profesional y esa identidad personal ‘única e intransferible’, como de hecho se pone de manifiesto en el esfuerzo autobiográfico de uno de los últimos arquitectos ‘revolucionarios’, de los que aún opinaban que ‘para cambiar el mundo, habían de cambiar las ciudades que habitamos...’ a veces dificultosamente’, tal y como pronosticaron los iluministas y recogieron los modernos. Quizás sin pretenderlo tenga A. Rossi, en este sentido, más en común de lo deseado con los arquitectos ‘modernos’ -en mayúsculas- (tan denostados en parte por él), y también con aquellos otros ‘iluminados’ -(Boullée, Ledoux, Lequeu...)- en tanto que ‘revolucionarios’ arquitectónicamente hablando, todos ellos, e igualmente revolucionarios algunos en sus ideologías al menos teóricamente, si bien con matices propios de la época.
El análisis ritual en el registro arqueológico. ¿Una alternativa posible?
Authors: Jiménez Sotero Jairo Eduardo
Published: March 2016

La Arqueología, es una ciencia que goza de una gran aceptación entre la sociedad debido a la respetabilidad de sus métodos y técnicas de investigación, aunado a la erudición que alcanzan algunos de sus representantes más destacados quienes muchas veces, forman parte importante del ámbito científico nacional. Sin embargo, aun y cuando nuestra disciplina haya adquirido un grado de “cientificidad” elevado -lo cual constituye un punto esencial para la pertinencia de una determinada área de conocimiento- es de reconocerse que todos nuestros acercamientos hacia las culturas del pasado, no son más que una interpretación de lo que esas mismas culturas nos dejaron. En el presente trabajo, proponemos algunas ideas preliminares sobre la participación de la Arqueología dentro del análisis de la ideología antigua particularizando en un aspecto; el análisis del ritual
Apuntes para una antropología del espacio. Consideraciones desde la geografía clásica a la geografía cultural
Authors: García López Isaura Cecilia
Published: March 2016

Actualmente se ha desarrollado un campo de la antropología que dedica sus esfuerzos al estudio del espacio, el presente es una contribución a la teoría antropológica que se fundamenta en los aportes de la geografía vinculados con la sociología y la antropología, asimismo reconocer las propuestas de diversos autores, en la tradición clásica alemana y francesa, quienes han señalado que la reflexión teórica debe partir de la relación entre el espacio y la sociedad, retomando los importantes aportes de la escuela posibilista de Vidal de la Blache en Francia, de la antropogeografía de Ratzel, la sociología urbana R. Park, H. Lefevbre y otros, que buscaron explicar el comportamiento espacial de las sociedades modernas. Para lo cual se propone el término de espacio funcional antropógeno, obtenido con base en la reconstrucción teórica de nociones como espacio, paisaje, territorio, región y lugar, desde una perspectiva sociocultural.
Hacia una resignificación teórica critica de la practica educativa
Authors: Massé Narváez Carlos E. , Juarez González Rocio
Published: March 2016

El texto se apoya en las corrientes pedagógicas críticas que hacen énfasis en la necesidad de resignificar a la práctica educativa, visión que pasa por la dedifinición de la educación misma, para distinguirla de la corriente oficial generalmente funcionalista, que coadyuve a la participación en la educación y al concepto mismo de ciudadanía implícito en dichas corriente. Problematización que hacemos al interior de un concepto propio de democracia.
Fortalezas, fotogramas y palomitas de maíz. El festival de cine africano de tarifa o la increíble peripecia de re-presentar áfrica en la frontera sur de occidente
Authors: Andrés Castro Eva de
Published: March 2016

Cada año, el Festival de Cine Africano de Tarifa-Córdoba (FCAT) crea un espacio y un tiempo acotado para compartir imágenes, ideas, definiciones y símbolos, que materializan una determinada identidad social sobre “lo africano”. El FCAT representa un África “diferente” y “especializada” que cuestiona y pone en tela de juicio otras visiones sobre el continente, compartidas por una buena parte de la población local donde el festival se asienta. Contextualizando en el marco geográfico y simbólico de la ciudad de Tarifa los discursos y representaciones del FCAT, este estudio interroga sobre la importancia de los contextos en la producción de significados.