bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of Mechanics in Brittle–Ductile Cutting Mode Transition
Authors: Xiao Gaobo , Ren Mingjun , To Suet
Published: January 2018

This paper presents an investigation of the mechanism of the brittle–ductile cutting mode transition from the perspective of the mechanics. A mechanistic model is proposed to analyze the relationship between undeformed chip thickness, deformation, and stress levels in the elastic stage of the periodic chip formation process, regarding whether brittle or ductile mode deformation is to follow the elastic stage. It is revealed that, the distance of tool advancement required to induce the same level of compressive stress decreases with undeformed chip thickness, and thereby the tensile stress below and behind the tool decreases with undeformed chip thickness. As a result, the tensile stress becomes lower than the critical tensile stress for brittle fracture when the undeformed chip thickness becomes sufficiently small, enabling the brittle–ductile cutting mode transition. The finite element method is employed to verify the analysis of the mechanics on a typical brittle material 6H silicon carbide, and confirmed that the distance of the tool advancement required to induce the same level of compressive stress becomes smaller when the undeformed chip thickness decreases, and consequently smaller tensile stress is induced below and behind the tool. The critical undeformed chip thicknesses for brittle–ductile cutting mode transition are estimated according to the proposed mechanics, and are verified by plunge cutting experiments in a few crystal directions. This study should contribute to better understanding of the mechanism of brittle–ductile cutting mode transition and the ultra-precision machining of brittle materials.
Highly Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of COS-Based Block Copolymers by Using Organic Lewis Pairs
Authors: Yang Jia-Liang , Cao Xiao-Han , Zhang Cheng-Jian , Wu Hai-Lin , Zhang Xing-Hong
Published: January 2018

A one-pot synthesis of block copolymer with regioregular poly(monothiocarbonate) block is described via metal-free catalysis. Lewis bases such as guanidine, quaternary onium salts, and Lewis acid triethyl borane (TEB) were equivalently combined and used as the catalysts. By using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the macromolecular chain transfer agent (CTA), narrow polydispersity block copolymers were obtained from the copolymerization of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and propylene oxide (PO). The block copolymers had a poly(monothiocarbonate) block with perfect alternating degree and regioregularity. Unexpectedly, the addition of CTA to COS/PO copolymerization system could dramatically improve the turnover frequency (TOF) of PO (up to 240 h−1), higher than that of the copolymerization without CTA. In addition, the conversion of CTA could be up to 100% in most cases, as revealed by 1H NMR spectra. Of consequence, the number-average molecular weights (Mns) of the resultant block copolymers could be regulated by varying the feed ratio of CTA to PO. Oxygen-sulfur exchange reaction (O/S ER), which can generate randomly distributed thiocarbonate and carbonate units, was effectively suppressed in all of the cases in the presence of CTA, even at 80 °C. This work presents a versatile method for synthesizing sulfur-containing block copolymers through a metal-free route, providing an array of new block copolymers.
Terretonin N: A New Meroterpenoid from Nocardiopsis sp.
Authors: Hamed Abdelaaty , Abdel-Razek Ahmed , Frese Marcel , Stammler Hans , El-Haddad Atef , Ibrahim Tarek , Sewald Norbert , Shaaban Mohamed
Published: January 2018

Terretonin N (1), a new highly oxygenated and unique tetracyclic 6-hydroxymeroterpenoid, was isolated together with seven known compounds from the ethyl acetate extract of a solid-state fermented culture of Nocardiopsis sp. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The structure and absolute configuration of 1 were unambiguously determined by X-ray crystallography. The isolation and taxonomic characterization of Nocardiopsis sp. is reported. The antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of the strain extract and compound 1 were studied using different microorganisms and a cervix carcinoma cell line, respectively.
A Cyclic Altered Peptide Analogue Based on Myelin Basic Protein 87–99 Provides Lasting Prophylactic and Therapeutic Protection Against Acute Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Emmanouil Mary , Tseveleki Vivian , Triantafyllakou Iro , Nteli Agathi , Tselios Theodore , Probert Lesley
Published: January 2018

In this report, amide-linked cyclic peptide analogues of the 87–99 myelin basic protein (MBP) epitope, a candidate autoantigen in multiple sclerosis (MS), are tested for therapeutic efficacy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Cyclic altered peptide analogues of MBP87–99 with substitutions at positions 91 and/or 96 were tested for protective effects when administered using prophylactic or early therapeutic protocols in MBP72–85-induced EAE in Lewis rats. The Lys91 and Pro96 of MBP87–99 are crucial T-cell receptor (TCR) anchors and participate in the formation of trimolecular complex between the TCR-antigen (peptide)-MHC (major histocompability complex) for the stimulation of encephalitogenic T cells that are necessary for EAE induction and are implicated in MS. The cyclic peptides were synthesized using Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) applied on the 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarboxyl/tert-butyl Fmoc/tBu methodology and combined with the 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin (CLTR-Cl). Cyclo(91–99)[Ala96]MBP87–99, cyclo(87–99)[Ala91,96]MBP87–99 and cyclo(87–99)[Arg91, Ala96]MBP87–99, but not wild-type linear MBP87–99, strongly inhibited MBP72–85-induced EAE in Lewis rats when administered using prophylactic and early therapeutic vaccination protocols. In particular, cyclo(87–99)[Arg91, Ala96]MBP87–99 was highly effective in preventing the onset and development of clinical symptoms and spinal cord pathology and providing lasting protection against EAE induction.
Association of Circulating Vitamin E (α- and γ-Tocopherol) Levels with Gallstone Disease
Authors: Waniek Sabina , Di Giuseppe Romina , Esatbeyoglu Tuba , Ratjen Ilka , Enderle Janna , Jacobs Gunnar , Nöthlings Ute , Koch Manja , Schlesinger Sabrina , Rimbach Gerald , Lieb Wolfgang
Published: January 2018

In addition to well-established risk factors like older age, female gender, and adiposity, oxidative stress may play a role in the pathophysiology of gallstone disease. Since vitamin E exerts important anti-oxidative functions, we hypothesized that circulating vitamin E levels might be inversely associated with prevalence of gallstone disease. In a cross-sectional study, we measured plasma levels of α- and γ-tocopherol using high performance liquid chromatography in a community-based sample (582 individuals; median age 62 years; 38.5% women). Gallstone disease status was assessed by ultrasound. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of circulating α- and γ-tocopherol/cholesterol ratio levels with prevalent gallstone disease. Lower probabilities of having gallstone disease were observed in the top (compared to the bottom) tertile of the plasma α-tocopherol/cholesterol ratio in multivariable-adjusted models (OR (Odds Ratio): 0.31; 95% CI (Confidence Interval): 0.13–0.76). A lower probability of having gallstone disease was also observed for the γ-tocopherol/cholesterol ratio, though the association did not reach statistical significance (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.35–1.69 for 3rd vs 1st tertile). In conclusion, our observations are consistent with the concept that higher vitamin E levels might protect from gallstone disease, a premise that needs to be further addressed in longitudinal studies.
Host-Guest Chemistry in Layer-by-Layer Assemblies Containing Calix[n]arenes and Cucurbit[n]urils: A Review
Authors: Akiba Uichi , Minaki Daichi , Anzai Jun-ichi
Published: January 2018

This review provides an overview of the synthesis of layer-by-layer (LbL) assemblies containing calix[n]arene (CA[n]) and cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) and their applications. LbL assemblies, such as thin films and microcapsules, containing selective binding sites have attracted considerable attention because of their potential use in separation and purification, sensors for ions and molecules, and controlled release. CA[n]-containing LbL films have been prepared using sulfonated CA[n] and cationic polymers to construct chemical sensors and molecular containers. CA[n]-containing LbL films deposited on the surface of a porous support are useful as ion-selective membranes that exhibit selective permeability to monovalent ions over multivalent ions. CB[n]s have been used as molecular glues for the construction of LbL films and microcapsules by taking advantage of the strong affinity of CB[n]s to aromatic compounds. CB[n]s form a stable 1:1:1 ternary complex with electron-rich and electron-deficient molecules in LbL films to stabilize the assemblies. CB[n]-containing LbL films can also be deposited on the surfaces of micro templates and nanopore membranes to construct microcapsules for controlled release and nanochannels for selective ion transport, respectively.
New Horizons in Cationic Photopolymerization
Authors: Sangermano Marco , Roppolo Ignazio , Chiappone Annalisa
Published: January 2018

In this review, we report some recent advances and new horizons in UV-induced cationic photopolymerization. In particular, after a brief introduction on the discovery and affirmation of the cationic photopolymerization process, new efforts in the synthesis of cationic photoinitiators are reported. Subsequently, an interesting and absolutely new application is reported, related to the combination of Radical-Induced Cationic Photopolymerization with Frontal Polymerization, achieving the cross-linking of epoxy composites.
Cast Shadow Detection to Quantify the Aerosol Optical Thickness for Atmospheric Correction of High Spatial Resolution Optical Imagery
Authors: Schläpfer Daniel , Hueni Andreas , Richter Rudolf
Published: January 2018

The atmospheric correction of optical remote sensing data requires the determination of aerosol and gas optical properties. A method is presented which allows the detection of the aerosol scattering effects from optical remote sensing data at spatial sampling intervals below 5 m in cloud-free situations from cast shadow pixels. The derived aerosol optical thickness distribution is used for improved atmospheric compensation. In a first step, a novel spectral cast shadow detection algorithm determines the shadow areas using spectral indices. Evaluation of the cast shadow masks shows an overall classification accuracy on an 80% level. Using the such derived shadow map, the ATCOR atmospheric compensation method is iteratively applied on the shadow areas in order to find the optimum aerosol amount. The aerosol optical thickness is found by analyzing the physical atmospheric correction of fully shaded pixels in comparison to directly illuminated areas. The shadow based aerosol optical thickness estimation method (SHAOT) is tested on airborne imaging spectroscopy data as well as on photogrammetric data. The accuracy of the reflectance values from atmospheric correction using the such derived aerosol optical thickness could be improved from 3–4% to a level of better than 2% in reflectance for the investigated test cases.
Development of Wind Speed Retrieval from Cross-Polarization Chinese Gaofen-3 Synthetic Aperture Radar in Typhoons
Authors: Shao Weizeng , Yuan Xinzhe , Sheng Yexin , Sun Jian , Zhou Wei , Zhang Qingjun
Published: January 2018

The purpose of our work is to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of retrieving sea surface wind speeds from C-band cross-polarization (herein vertical-horizontal, VH) Chinese Gaofen-3 (GF-3) SAR images in typhoons. In this study, we have collected three GF-3 SAR images acquired in Global Observation (GLO) and Wide ScanSAR (WSC) mode during the summer of 2017 from the China Sea, which includes the typhoons Noru, Doksuri and Talim. These images were collocated with wind simulations at 0.12° grids from a numeric model, called the Regional Assimilation and Prediction System-Typhoon model (GRAPES-TYM). Recent research shows that GRAPES-TYM has a good performance for typhoon simulation in the China Sea. Based on the dataset, the dependence of wind speed and of radar incidence angle on normalized radar cross (NRCS) of VH-polarization GF-3 SAR have been investigated, after which an empirical algorithm for wind speed retrieval from VH-polarization GF-3 SAR was tuned. An additional four VH-polarization GF-3 SAR images in three typhoons, Noru, Hato and Talim, were investigated in order to validate the proposed algorithm. SAR-derived winds were compared with measurements from Windsat winds at 0.25° grids with wind speeds up to 40 m/s, showing a 5.5 m/s root mean square error (RMSE) of wind speed and an improved RMSE of 5.1 m/s wind speed was achieved compared with the retrieval results validated against GRAPES-TYM winds. It is concluded that the proposed algorithm is a promising potential technique for strong wind retrieval from cross-polarization GF-3 SAR images without encountering a signal saturation problem.
Chilly Climates, Balancing Acts, and Shifting Pathways: What Happens to Women in STEM Doctoral Programs
Authors: Cabay Marilyn , Bernstein Bianca , Rivers Melissa , Fabert Natalie
Published: January 2018

Women in doctoral programs in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) leave without finishing at higher rates than men and, as with men, turn away from academic and research careers. This qualitative study examines the day-to-day influences on female doctoral students during their third or fourth year in physical science and engineering programs. Ethnographic cognitive interviewing and online incident reports document the specific experiences and reactions of 28 participants over a six-month period. The data were analyzed to identify key incidents, categories and recurring themes. Some incidents contributed to women’s growing sense of competence, recognition and identification of oneself as a scientist. Others fit a model of microaggressions and gender barriers in a predominantly masculine culture. Problems of work-life balance were demonstrated for some women. Incidents generated responses by some participants that they would disengage from a research-intensive career trajectory toward alternate career interests outside of academic research. The findings provide information about the lived experiences of women in doctoral programs and suggest that the metaphor of career pathways may be more useful than pipelines in explaining the direction of women who are advanced doctoral students in research-intensive fields.
Existing Knowledge Assets and Disruptive Innovation: The Role of Knowledge Embeddedness and Specificity
Authors: Lin Chunpei , Li Baixun , Wu Yenchun
Published: January 2018

Disruptive innovation has created a significant impact on management practices and academia. This study investigated the impact of existing knowledge assets on disruptive innovation by analyzing the role of knowledge embeddedness and specificity. We conducted a hierarchical regression analysis by using survey data from 173 Chinese industrial firms to test the direct and indirect effects of knowledge embeddedness and specificity on disruptive innovation, which can be divided into outward-oriented and internal-oriented disruptive innovation. The results indicated that knowledge embeddedness not only played a positive role in knowledge specificity, but also had a positive effect on outward-oriented disruptive innovation. Furthermore, knowledge specificity exhibited opposite functions in outward-oriented and internal-oriented disruptive innovation. In addition, knowledge specificity mediated the relationship between knowledge embeddedness and outward-oriented (internal-oriented) disruptive innovation.
A New Demand-Supply Model to Enable Sustainability in New Australian Housing
Authors: Warren-Myers Georgia , Heywood Christopher
Published: January 2018

Sustainability implementation in new housing in Australia lags much of the developed world’s standards and implementation levels for residential sustainability. Various reasons for this are offered via a ‘blame game’ in a sector plagued by lack of demand, prohibitive costs, and poorly implemented existing energy efficiency regulations. Multiple gaps in traditional supply-led procurement theory inhibits sustainability’s implementation in the Australian mass production residential construction system. Once-off consumers are not the key demand actor due to their inability to demand sustainability in a system that limits consumers’ choice and demand. Warren-Myers and Heywood (2016) theorized that the mass-producing Volume Builders are the pivotal demand-side actor in mainstreaming sustainability in the Australian new housing system. This paper investigated the Volume Builders’ roles and relationships with traditional demand-side actors, housing consumers, and the supply-side’s subcontractors and suppliers, to identify the ultimate demand actor that drives the housing industry. The investigation used semi-structured interviews with Volume Builders. The results demonstrated Volume Builders’ dominance of the Australian residential mass production construction industry validating their pivotal role as a demand-side actor in a consumption-based demand and supply model. This identifies Volume Builders as the key actor who could then drive wide-spread adoption of sustainability innovation in Australian mass-produced housing.
Residents’ Support Intentions and Behaviors Regarding Urban Trees Programs: A Structural Equation Modeling-Multi Group Analysis
Authors: Zhao Zheng , Zhang Yaoqi , Wen Yali
Published: January 2018

Urban trees are more about people than trees. Urban trees programs need public support and engagement, from the intentions to support to implement actions in supporting the programs. Built upon the theory of planned behavior and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), this study uses Beijing as a case study to investigate how subjective norm (cognition of urban trees), attitude (benefits residents’ believe urban trees can provide), and perceived behavioral control (the believed ability of what residents can do) affect intention and its transformation into implemented of supporting action. A total of 800 residents were interviewed in 2016 and asked about their opinion of neighborhood trees, park trees, and historical trees, and analyzed, respectively. The results show that subjective norm has a significant positive effect on intentions pertaining to historical and neighborhood trees. Attitudes influence intentions, but its overall influence is much lower than that of the subjective norm, indicating that residents are more likely to be influenced by external factors. The perceived behavioral control has the strongest effect among the three, suggesting the importance of public participation in strengthening intention. The transformation from intention to behavior seems relatively small, especially regarding neighborhood trees, suggesting that perceptions and participation need to be strengthened.
Fatal Neurotoxicosis in Dogs Associated with Tychoplanktic, Anatoxin-a Producing Tychonema sp. in Mesotrophic Lake Tegel, Berlin
Authors: Fastner Jutta , Beulker Camilla , Geiser Britta , Hoffmann Anja , Kröger Roswitha , Teske Kinga , Hoppe Judith , Mundhenk Lars , Neurath Hartmud , Sagebiel Daniel , Chorus Ingrid
Published: January 2018

In May 2017, at least 12 dogs showed signs of acute neurotoxicosis after swimming in or drinking from Lake Tegel, a mesotrophic lake in Berlin, Germany, and several of the affected dogs died shortly afterwards despite intensive veterinary treatment. Cyanobacterial blooms were not visible at the water surface or the shorelines. However, detached and floating water moss (Fontinalis antipyretica) with high amounts of Tychonema sp., a potential anatoxin-a (ATX) producing cyanobacterium, was found near the beaches where the dogs had been swimming and playing. Necropsies of two of the dogs revealed no specific lesions beside the anamnestic neurotoxicosis. ATX was detected in concentrations up to 8700 µg L−1 in the stomach contents, while other (neuro)toxic substances were not found. In the aqueous fraction of Fontinalis/Tychonema clumps sampled after the casualties, ATX was found in concentrations up to 1870 µg L−1. This is the first report of a dense population of Tychonema sp. in stands of Fontinalis resulting in high ATX contents. This case emphasizes the need for further investigation of potentially toxic, non-bloom forming cyanobacteria in less eutrophic water bodies and underlines the novel challenge of developing appropriate surveillance schemes for respective bathing sites.
Survey of Candidate Genes for Maize Resistance to Infection by Aspergillus flavus and/or Aflatoxin Contamination
Authors: Hawkins Leigh , Warburton Marilyn , Tang Juliet , Tomashek John , Alves Oliveira Dafne , Ogunola Oluwaseun , Smith J. , Williams W.
Published: January 2018

Many projects have identified candidate genes for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation or Aspergillus flavus infection and growth in maize using genetic mapping, genomics, transcriptomics and/or proteomics studies. However, only a small percentage of these candidates have been validated in field conditions, and their relative contribution to resistance, if any, is unknown. This study presents a consolidated list of candidate genes identified in past studies or in-house studies, with descriptive data including genetic location, gene annotation, known protein identifiers, and associated pathway information, if known. A candidate gene pipeline to test the phenotypic effect of any maize DNA sequence on aflatoxin accumulation resistance was used in this study to determine any measurable effect on polymorphisms within or linked to the candidate gene sequences, and the results are published here.
Carbamazepine as a Possible Anthropogenic Marker in Water: Occurrences, Toxicological Effects, Regulations and Removal by Wastewater Treatment Technologies
Authors: Hai Faisal , Yang Shufan , Asif Muhammad , Sencadas Vitor , Shawkat Samia , Sanderson-Smith Martina , Gorman Jody , Xu Zhi-Qiang , Yamamoto Kazuo
Published: January 2018

Carbamazepine (CBZ), a pharmaceutical compound, has been proposed as an anthropogenic marker to assess water quality due to its persistence in conventional treatment plants and widespread presence in water bodies. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on sources and occurrences of CBZ in water bodies, as well as toxicological effects and regulations of the drug. Given the documented side effects of CBZ on the human body when taken medicinally, its careful monitoring in water is recommended. CBZ residues in drinking water may provide a pathway to embryos and infants via intrauterine exposure or breast-feeding, which may cause congenital malformations and/or neurodevelopmental problems over long term exposure. An in-depth technical assessment of the conventional and advanced treatment technologies revealed the inadequacy of the standalone technologies. Compared to conventional activated sludge and membrane bioreactor processes, effective removal of CBZ can be achieved by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. However, recent studies have revealed that harsh chemical cleaning, as required to mitigate membrane fouling, can often reduce the long-term removal efficiency. Furthermore, despite the efficient performance of activated carbon adsorption and advanced oxidation processes, a few challenges such as cost of chemicals and regeneration of activated carbon need to be carefully considered. The limitations of the individual technologies point to the advantages of combined and hybrid systems, namely, membrane bioreactor coupled with nanofiltration, adsorption or advanced oxidation process.
Defining Seasonal Functional Traits of a Freshwater Zooplankton Community Using δ13C and δ15N Stable Isotope Analysis
Authors: Visconti Anna , Caroni Rossana , Rawcliffe Ruth , Fadda Amedeo , Piscia Roberta , Manca Marina
Published: January 2018

Functional-based approaches are increasingly being used to define the functional diversity of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we proposed the use of δ13C and δ15N stable isotopes as a proxy of zooplankton functional traits in Lake Maggiore, a large, deep subalpine Italian lake. We analyzed the seasonal pattern of δ13C and δ15N signatures of different crustacean zooplankton taxa to determine food sources, preferred habitats, and trophic positions of species throughout one year. The cladocerans Daphnia longispina galeata gr., Diaphanosoma brachyurum, and Eubosmina longispina were grouped into a primary consumer functional group from their δ13C and δ15N isotopic signatures, but while the former two species shared the same food sources, the latter exhibited a more selective feeding strategy. Cyclopoid copepods occupied a distinct functional group from the other secondary consumers, being the most 15N enriched group in the lake. The δ15N signature of calanoid copepods showed trophic enrichment in comparison to Daphnia and Eubosmina and linear mixing model results confirmed a predator-prey relationship. In our study, we have demonstrated that the use of δ13C and δ15N stable isotopes represented an effective tool to define ecological roles of freshwater zooplankton species and to determine functional diversity in a lake.
Seasonal Variability and Evolution of Glaciochemistry at An Alpine Temperate Glacier on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Shijin , Shi Xiaoyi , Cao Weihong , Pu Tao
Published: January 2018

Temperate glaciers are highly sensitive to climatic and environmental changes. Studying the chemical composition of snow, firn, and ice on temperate glaciers is important for understanding the variations in atmospheric circulation patterns, deposition conditions, and melting processes. To define snowpack chemistry and environmental significance, seven snowpacks (one snowpack in late autumn, two in winter, two in spring, and two in summer) were sampled in 2008/2009 on Baishui Glacier No. 1 in Mt. Yulong. Soluble ions in the winter snowpacks showed low values in the middle part but high values in the lower and upper parts, influenced by the atmospheric deposition of snow accumulation. The larger variations of ionic concentrations in the spring snowpacks were associated with the variable atmospheric patterns with high dust content in spring, leading to high ionic concentrations in the upper snowpack. Strong meltwater percolation resulted in quick migration and redistribution of ions for the profiles during the monsoon period. The ion elution sequence was Ca2+ > SO42− > NH4+ > K+ > NO3− > Na+ > Cl− > Mg2+. Factor analysis showed that NO3−, SO42−, NH4+ were mainly supplied by wet deposition-plus-anthropogenic input, while Cl− and Na+ originated from marine sources. Ca2+ and Mg2+ had multiple sources and the local terrestrial source was important because of locally exposed carbonate. The results suggest that chemical concentrations reflect mainly impurities supplied by atmospheric circulation and precipitation during periods of snow accumulation, as well as during the melting process.
Evaluating the Water Quality Benefits of a Bioswale in Brunswick County, North Carolina (NC), USA
Authors: Purvis Rebecca , Winston Ryan , Hunt William , Lipscomb Brian , Narayanaswamy Karthik , McDaniel Andrew , Lauffer Matthew , Libes Susan
Published: January 2018

Standard roadside vegetated swales often do not provide consistent pollutant removal. To increase infiltration and pollutant removal, bioswales are designed with an underlying soil media and an underdrain. However, there are little data on the ability of these stormwater control measures (SCMs) to reduce pollutant concentrations. A bioswale treating road runoff was monitored, with volume-proportional, composite stormwater runoff samples taken for the inlet, overflow, and underdrain outflow. Samples were tested for total suspended solids (TSS), total volatile suspended solids (VSS), enterococcus, E. coli, and turbidity. Underdrain flow was significantly cleaner than untreated road runoff for all monitored pollutants. As expected, the water quality of overflow was not significantly improved, since little to no interaction with soils occurred for this portion of the water balance. However, overflow bacteria concentrations were similar to those from the underdrain perhaps due to a first flush of bacteria which was treated by the soil media. For all sampling locations, enterococci concentrations were always higher than the USEPA geometric mean recommendation of 35 Most Probable Number (MPN)/100 mL, but there were events where the fecal coliform concentrations was below the USEPA’s 200 MPN/100 mL limit. A reduction in TSS concentration was seen for both overflow and underdrain flow, and only the underdrain effluent concentrations were below the North Carolina’s high quality water limit of 20 mg/L. Comparing results herein to standard swales, the bioswale has the potential to provide greater treatment and become a popular tool.
Sustainable Ice-Jam Flood Management for Socio-Economic and Socio-Ecological Systems
Authors: Das Apurba , Reed Maureen , Lindenschmidt Karl-Erich
Published: January 2018

Ice jams are critical components of the hydraulic regimes of rivers in cold regions. In addition to contributing to the maintenance of wetland ecology, including aquatic animals and waterfowl, ice jams provide essential moisture and nutrient replenishment to perched lakes and ponds in northern inland deltas. However, river ice-jam flooding can have detrimental impacts on in-stream aquatic ecosystems, cause damage to property and infrastructure, and present hazards to riverside communities. In order to maintain sustainable communities and ecosystems, ice-jam flooding must be both mitigated and promoted. This study reviews various flood management strategies used worldwide, and points to the knowledge gaps in these strategies. The main objective of the paper is to provide a framework for a sustainable ice-jam flood management strategy in order to better protect riverine socio-economic and socio-ecological systems. Sustainable flood management must be a carefully adopted and integrated strategy that includes both economic and ecological perspectives in order to mitigate ice-jam flooding in riverside socio-economic systems, while at the same time promoting ice-jam flooding of riverine socio-ecological systems such as inland deltas.
La topographie du haut Moyen Age à Tournai. Nouvel état des questions archéologiques
Authors: Verslype Laurent
Published: January 2018

Durant les quinze dernières années, l'archéologie du haut Moyen Age à Tournai a fait l'objet de découvertes importantes dans le quartier Saint-Brice, dans le quartier Saint-Pierre et autour de la cathédrale Notre-Dame. Elles précisent notamment l'image de l'héritage antique dans le chef-lieu tournaisien et matérialisent quelque peu le cadre des séjours royaux attestés à la période mérovingienne. Même si de très nombreuses questions restent en suspens et si certains de ces sites attendent d'être exhaustivement publiés, il semblait opportun de livrer une nouvelle synthèse récapitulant les acquis en brossant un paysage archéologique actualisé de la ville jusqu'à l'aube du second millénaire. A cet effet, nous évoquons également les sources écrites susceptibles de nous aider dans la lecture de la topographie archéologique. Leur rareté et la critique acerbe conduite par les historiens n'ont cependant d'égales que les contraintes très particulières de conservation des archives du sous-sol, conditionnées par les aménagements incessants qui caractérisent le milieu urbain depuis l'Antiquité, et les modalités de leur accès quand elles sont préservées.
Inventaire des sites fossoyés du canton de Steenvoorde. Méthodologie, premières remarques et comparaison avec les données belges
Authors: Hannois Philippe
Published: January 2018

L'inventaire archéologique du canton de Steenvoorde a permis d'appréhender le site fossoyé en tant que site archéologique à part entière. L'absence d'études spécifiques sur ce type de sites avait occulté son importance dans la mise en valeur du territoire rural aux époques médiévales et modernes et entraîné son discrédit auprès des archéologues et historiens français. Cet inventaire montre la grande dispersion de ces sites au début du XIXe siècle mais aussi leur disparition accélérée à la suite de transformations de la structure sociale rurale : diminution démographique et mouvement de concentration des terres au cours du XIXe siècle. L'inventaire de ces sites (disparus) permettra de les intégrer aux procédures d'urbanisme et d'envisager le cas échéant des campagnes de fouilles. Conçu comme un test, il souligne la nécessité d'une collaboration entre les différents services du patrimoine (archéologie et inventaire) et les historiens.
Using a Role-Play Simulation Game to Promote Systems Thinking
Authors: Young Judith
Published: January 2018

Learning is a dynamic process where the learner discovers new knowledge and constructs new insights. The “Friday Night in the ER”
©
role-play simulation game facilitates system thinking, data-based decision making, and collaboration. Nurse educators in academe and health care settings can use this game to practice the essential skills of nurse professionals.
J Contin Nurs Educ.
2018;49(1):10–11.
Using Evidence to Prepare Non-Oncology Nurses for Cancer Survivor Care
Authors: Lockhart Joan Such , Oberleitner Melinda G. , Felice Toni L. , Vioral Anna
Published: January 2018

Background:

Growing increases in current and projected cancer survivors demands a workforce that can safely meet their health care needs spanning a lifetime. The literature lacks sufficient evidence regarding the knowledge needed by non-oncology nurses who care for cancer survivors in settings not designated for cancer care. This study identified this oncology knowledge and perceived barriers.

Method:

The Cancer Nursing Curriculum Survey was completed by a national pool of 302 oncology and 313 medical–surgical nurses who rated the depth and importance of 33 cancer concepts needed by non-oncology nurses for cancer survivor care.

Results:

Concept means for depth and importance were similar between both groups, with importance rated higher. Major concepts focused on symptom management. Barriers included lack of time, knowledge, and access to resources.

Conclusion:

The findings indicate the understanding of knowledge needed by non-oncology nurses for survivor care and provide a first step to design continuing education to address needs.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(1):12–18.
Scientific Misconduct (Fraud) in Medical Writing
Authors: Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Panagopoulos Georgios N. , Megaloikonomos Panayiotis D. , Panagopoulos Vassilis N. , Mauffrey Cyril , Quaile Andrew , Scarlat Marius M.
Published: January 2018

Scientific misconduct (fraud) in medical writing is an important and not infrequent problem for the scientific community. Although noteworthy examples of fraud surface occasionally in the media, detection of fraud in medical publishing is generally not as straightforward as one might think. National bodies on ethics in science, strict selection criteria, a robust peer-review process, careful statistical validation, and anti-plagiarism and image-fraud detection software contribute to the production of high-quality manuscripts. This article reviews the various types of fraud in medical writing, discusses the related literature, and describes tools journals implement to unmask fraud. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(2):e176–e183].
Dementia Care Content in Prelicensure Nursing Curricula: A Pilot Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Adewuyi Modupe , Kimble Laura P. , Dormire Sharon L. , Sudia Tanya
Published: January 2018

Background:

Having a nursing workforce equipped to provide quality care for patients living with dementia is essential. The purpose of this study was to investigate how undergraduate nursing programs integration of dementia care content into their curricula.

Method:

Using sequential explanatory mixed methods, a stratified sample of 137 representatives of programs in 11 states with dense elderly populations completed a quantitative survey. A subsample (
n
= 8) completed qualitative e-mail interviews.

Results:

Most respondents indicated dementia care content was integrated into their curricula (
n
= 103, 92.8%). Clinical partnership with dementia care centers was associated with a greater proportion of students interacting with individuals having dementia (
p
= .02). Curriculum overload was the most significant challenge to integrating dementia content (
n
= 61, 43.9%). Qualitative themes supported the quantitative results.

Conclusion:

Future research is needed to identify best practices to ensure that nursing curricula provide essential content to meet the care needs of the growing population of individuals with dementia. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(2):88–95.]
Techniques to Promote Reflective Practice and Empowered Learning
Authors: Nguyen-Truong Connie Kim Yen , Davis Andra , Spencer Cassius , Rasmor Melody , Dekker Lida
Published: January 2018

Background:

Health care environments are fraught with fast-paced critical demands and ethical dilemmas requiring decisive nursing actions. Nurse educators must prepare nursing students to practice skills, behaviors, and attitudes needed to meet the challenges of health care demands. Evidence-based, innovative, multimodal techniques with novice and seasoned nurses were incorporated into a baccalaureate (BSN) completion program (RN to-BSN) to deepen learning, complex skill building, reflective practice, teamwork, and compassion toward the experiences of others.

Method:

Principles of popular education for engaged teaching–learning were applied. Nursing students experience equitable access to content through co-constructing knowledge with four creative techniques.

Results:

Four creative techniques include poem reading aloud to facilitate connectedness; mindfulness to cultivate self-awareness; string figure activities to demonstrate indigenous knowledge and teamwork; and cartooning difficult subject matter.

Conclusion:

Nursing school curricula can promote a milieu for developing organizational skills to manage simultaneous priorities, practice reflectively, and develop empathy and the authenticity that effective nursing requires. [J Nurs Educ.2018;57(2):115–120.]
Hydrothorax, ascites and an abdominal mass: not always signs of a malignancy - Three cases of Meigs' syndrome
Authors: Kortekaas Kim Esmée , Pelikan Harold Marc Philip
Published: January 2018

This case report presents three cases of Meigs' syndrome: a benign ovarian tumor with ascites and a hydrothorax. After removal of the ovarian tumor, the symptoms resolved and the patients became asymptomatic. In daily practice, Meigs' syndrome is at first sight often mistaken for ovarian cancer. With this case report we would like to emphasize that the clinical presentation of an ovarian tumor might be ovarian cancer, but can masquerade as something uncommon like Meigs' syndrome. In a time span of two years we encountered three cases.
Chapitre 5 : Les collaborateurs d’élus départementaux. Pratiques et ambivalences d’une fonction aux contours flous
Authors: Bonnevalle Pierre
Published: January 2018

Ce chapitre, fondé sur un travail monographique portant sur un conseil général situé dans la moitié nord de la France, témoigne de l’hétérogénéité des situations auquel renvoie la dénomination générique de « collaborateur ». Il rend compte des pratiques quotidiennes distinctes en fonction du statut et des missions du collaborateur, tout en pointant l’ambivalence d’une fonction au croisement des sphères politique et administrative. Cette étude révèle ainsi la participation des collaborateurs aux dynamiques institutionnelles de leur employeur et aux processus décisionnels d’une collectivité encore peu étudiée par la science politique.
Chapitre 6 : Qui gouverne dans les communes ? La prise de décision au prisme du directeur de cabinet
Authors: Fragnon Julien
Published: January 2018

Acteurs importants du pouvoir politique local, les directeurs de cabinet d’élus locaux ont été peu étudiés jusqu’à maintenant. Ils constituent pourtant une voie fertile pour décrire les mécanismes du pouvoir local envisagés ici à travers les processus décisionnels dans une commune. L’observation des pratiques professionnelles montre une volonté constante de réguler une concurrence entre des acteurs, aux statuts et à la légitimité divers, afin de préserver les intérêts du maire.
Chapitre 7 : Des travailleurs « de l’ombre » ? Les salariés du groupe socialiste à l’Assemblée nationale
Authors: Beauvallet Willy
Published: January 2018

Les collaborateurs des groupes politiques au sein des parlements constituent une catégorie peu étudiée d’auxiliaires politiques, bien qu’ils soient au cœur des pratiques associées à la (ré)écriture de la loi. Le chapitre se penche sur les salariés du groupe socialiste, écologique et républicain (SER) à l’Assemblée nationale et la place qu’ils occupent dans son organisation et son fonctionnement quotidien. Il montre que leurs pratiques sont étroitement dépendantes de la configuration politique, majoritaire ou oppositionnelle, dans laquelle le groupe est placé. Il montre également que certains de ces acteurs sont étroitement insérés dans les dynamiques plus générales du champ politique central, à travers des carrières professionnelles qui en irriguent les différentes strates, jusqu’à ses marges que constituent les représentants d’intérêts.
Chapitre 9 : De nouvelles carrières électives : le renouvellement du personnel politique local socialiste par les auxiliaires d’élus à l’épreuve des configurations locales (1988-2012)
Authors: Hû Grégory
Published: January 2018

Sur la base d’une enquête de terrain croisant plusieurs méthodes (entretiens, observations, archives et base de données prosopographiques), cet article explore les transformations du recrutement du personnel politique socialiste de la fin des années 1980 jusqu’en 2012 en établissant le renouvellement des élus et cadres partisans par les auxiliaires d’élus. L’approche localisée montre néanmoins que ce renouvellement peut être réfréné selon les configurations politiques locales par le maintien durable d’élus entrés en politique dans les années 1970-80, en raison d’une crise de leadership politique et/ou par le niveau d’accès aux ressources des institutions politiques.
Mapping the Spatial Distribution Patterns of Personal Time Spent Based on Trip Purpose
Authors: Lwin Ko Ko , Sekimoto Yoshihide
Published: January 2018

Understanding the spatial distribution patterns of the time spent by people based on their trip purpose and other social characteristics is important for sustainable urban transport planning, public facility management, socio-economic development, and other types of policy planning. Although personal trip survey data includes travel behavior and other social characteristics, many are lacking in detail regarding the spatial distribution patterns of individual movements based on time spent, typically due to privacy issues and difficulties in converting non-spatial survey data into a spatial format. In this article, geospatially-enabled personal trip data (Geospatial Big Data), converted from traditional paper-based survey data, are subjected to a spatial data mining process in order to examine the detailed spatial distribution patterns of time spent by the public based on various trip purposes and other social characteristics, using the Tokyo metropolitan area as a case study.
Looking Back and Looking Forward
Authors: Taylor Maurice , Vaughan Norman , Ghani Shehzad K. , Atas Sait , Fairbrother Michael
Published: January 2018

Using an engagement in research approach this article explores the landscape of blended learning in higher education over the last decade by comparing the results of a critical literature review by Vaughan to an instrumental case study that identified key factors that led to the implementation of a blended learning initiative in one medium sized Canadian university. Findings indicate that although students still prefers the time flexibility of blended learning, there are major differences between undergraduate and graduate students and their motivation for choosing this pedagogy. Professors also find increased teacher-student interactions using a blended learning format but acknowledge more support for course redesign and better professional development and training. From an administrator's viewpoint, one of the main challenges occurred at the individual faculty level in trying to communicate the definition of blended learning to professors. As a way of looking forward, interviews with experts from various Ontario universities and a survey of university personnel from across the country provided some initial insights. A discussion situates the findings using the theoretical lens of andragogy, self-directed learning, the community of inquiry framework, and points to a possible range of additional research questions for blended learning.
The Effect of CALL-Based Instruction on Students' Score Attainment on the TOEFL iBT in a Yemeni Context
Authors: Alotumi Mohialdeen
Published: January 2018

This article is an action research of quasi-experimental nature. It aims at investigating the effect of CALL-based instruction on Yemeni students' score attainment on the TOEFL iBT. The sample of study consisted of 30 adult students randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Data was collected within an 8-week period via a pretest-posttest design for equivalent groups. The experimental group participants were also interviewed to elicit data about their attitudes towards CALL. The findings of the study indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental group (trained with CALL) and the control group (trained conventionally) in the total gain scores, as well as in the section gain scores of reading, listening, speaking and writing. The findings also showed that the participants in the experimental group held positive attitudes towards CALL. Therefore, it is highly recommended that CALL should be fully integrated into TOEFL iBT preparation programmes.
The Impact of Health Information Digitization on the Physiotherapist-Patient Relationship
Authors: Al Kareh Therese , Thoumy Mira
Published: January 2018

The healthcare field presents a high interest for patients who surf the net for pathology definitions, symptoms, treatments and medications mostly before visiting a health practitioner. No matter the quantity of information found on the internet, the quality and credibility of this information is sometimes questionable. It is the first of its kind in the physiotherapy field in general and in Lebanon specifically, aiming to explore the impact of the medical information research on the internet and how it affects the PT-patient relationship, adopting a positivist and deductive approach, based on similar studies conducted in the context of other health care specialties. For this article, the authors sent a questionnaire-based survey that was computerized and analyzed using SPSS program. For H1, 32% of the variation in the PT-patient relationship was caused by seeking health information on the internet, and in H2: 27.2% of the variation in the acceptance of the physiotherapist's medical plan was caused by seeking health information on the internet.