bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINAN OPINI AUDIT GOING CONCERN (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Real Estate dan Property yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2013-2015)
Authors: Byusi Hafid , Achyani Fatchan
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis research aims to analyze the influence of opinion shopping, corporate growth, liquidity, the proportion of independent commissioners and audit committee on acceptance of going concern audit opinion. The populations in this research are real estate and property companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Sampling was done by purposive sampling method and obtained 120 companies as a sample for the period 2013-2015. Data analysis technique used logistic regression analysis. The results of this research prove that liquidity has a significant effect on the acceptance of going concern audit opinion, while opinion shopping, company growth, the proportion of independent commissioners, and audit committee have no significant effect on the acceptance of going concern audit opinion.Keywords: opinion shopping, company growth, liquidity, the proportion of independent commissioners, audit committee, going concern audit opinion.
PENGARUH PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN YANG DIMODERASI OLEH STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN
Authors: Gunawan Barbara , Yuanita Riska
Published: July 2018

The research aimed at analyzing the influence of corporate social responsibility towards the financial performance moderated by foreign ownership in mining companies registered in Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2012- 2015. The subjects of the research were mining companies with 8 samples of 32 companies selected by using purposive sampling method. The analysis tool used was Moderator Regression Analysis (MRA).  The research used double regression analysis to test whether or not corporate social responsibility had positive influence towards return on equity, economic value added, and net profit margin. The research also used simple regression analysis to test whether or not foreign ownership moderates the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance. The result of the research showed that corporate social responsibility had a significant influence towards return on equity, economic value added, and net profit margin. However, foreign ownership did not moderate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance.
Mezi racionalismem a judaismem: filosofická sebereflexe Raymonda Arona
Authors:   Mendelova univerzita v Brně, Nesiba Jiří , Smolík Josef ,   Mendelova univerzita v Brně
Published: July 2018

The paper analyses the work of French philosopher Raymond Aron from the perspective of how he was influenced by his personal experience with anti-Semitism and how it changed his description of Judaism. The article focuses on the fact that Aron preferred a methodological approach instead of actual emotions as a member of the assimilated Jewish minority in France. The paper notes Aron's commentary about changes in society regarding the Jewish minority in the time after the Dreyfus Affair in France, during Nazism, after the establishment of the state of Israel, during the Six-Day War, or from the 1970s on with the emergence of the Palestinian problem and the rise of right-wing politics in Israel. The authors proceeded by analyzing Aron's academic and journalistic texts chronologically as they were published during his life or after his death. The authors show the consistency in Aron's thinking. The authors investigate the extent to which these political events transformed Aron's thinking and how he copes with his own philosophical self-reflection on Judaism, demanding strict scientific objectivity on the one hand and understanding religious tradition on the other. The Presented analysis describes how Aron in the social sciences preferred methodologies before the analysis itself. He implemented this approach in his studies and articles that analyzed Judaism, for which he felt a personal emotional sentiment.
Neutuchající spor o Jihočínské moře: strategie zajišťování jako vhodná reakce států jihovýchodní Asie na aktivity Číny v oblasti?
Authors:   University of West Bohemia, Hájková Nikola
Published: July 2018

This article deals with the perpetual territorial disputes in the South China Sea and attempts to explain the relations between China, the USA, the South China Sea states, and selected international organizations/regimes from the perspective of a hedging strategy. The hedging strategy is applied to the behaviour of South China Sea states in their efforts to face the constant rise of China’s power as well as benefit from US presence and interests in this region. The goal of this study is to find out if the hedging strategy fits the behaviour of South China Sea states. The article is divided into four sections. In the first section, the concept of the hedging strategy is presented. The hedging strategy is comprised of three elements: engagement, soft balancing and enmeshing. The other sections of this article deal with these three elements in the region of the South China Sea. The initial idea is that the hedging strategy offers an alternative perspective on this challenge in the region compared to traditional international relations theories. On the other hand, the author admits that the concept of the hedging strategy has yet to be fully elaborated. This is why the main question remains unanswered. There is still much confusion regarding whether the hedging strategy is an appropriate strategy for states in the region.
Popis rekonstrukce dvou stříbrných píšťal z Uru
Authors:   University of West Bohemia, Ondříčková Marie
Published: July 2018

The paper focuses on the reconstruction of the silver flutes (pipes) discovered in Ur. These artifacts were found in a fragmentary state and this is the reason why we cannot offer perfect reconstruction. These artifacts are in the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. The purpose of the paper is to provide probable evidence to support our hypothesis. The evidence can be found in several impression seals and depiction of a woman playing a pastoral whistle made of pearl shell. We will analyze material and written sources to describe a probable type of instrument corresponding to the aerophones of Ur. The second part of the paper includes a description of three experiments with mouthpieces. The silver pipes from Ur bring hypothetical tone scale, because we have no mouthpiece, which is the most important component. Experiment number 1 (the „arghul“ instrument generated these tones: a♯–g–f♯–e–d–c♯. Experiment number 2 is an instrument with labium and its mode is not clear and exact. The pipe with three holes plays the tones: c♯–a♯–g♯–f– d♯ and the pipe with four holes produces: a♯–g–f–d♯. The pipes made of prepared metal sheets produces scales: d♯–c♯–b–a♯ (pipe with 3 holes) and f–e–d♯–d–c♯. Sometimes the pitch tones are not clear, but all tones are part of the „embūbu“ mode. The mode, as well as a pastoral whistle, is named in some written sources in Mesopotamian literary tradition.
Fotografía y muerte: una aproximación genealógica
Authors: Rojas Gil Cristóbal Javier
Published: July 2018

De entre las múltiples posibilidades de estudio filosófico que ofrece el fértil asunto de la fotografía, en este ensayo propongo un acercamiento especialmente interesado en explorar y clarificar su extraño vínculo con la idea de muerte. Para ello, me serviré de una explicación en clave genealógica con la que propiciar al lector una adecuada inmersión a través de diferentes etapas diferenciadas en las que será posible advertir la progresiva evolución de este concepto hacia la contemporaneidad que habitamos. Con este trazado se cuestionará su procedencia, hoy heredada como algo perfecto y sin fisuras. Mostrar el equívoco de esto mismo, haciendo hincapié en su fragmentación, en su dispersión y en el viraje que este ha experimentado a lo largo del tiempo, constituirá el principal objetivo de estas páginas.
PANDANGAN GURU DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN KHUSUS
Authors: Sutjipto Sutjipto
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this research is to comprehensively examine the views of special school teachers in the development of special educational curricula on the design and principles. The research involved fourty three teachers froms eight different special schools. Data was collected through forum group discussion dan analyzed by descriptive qualitative method. The results show, first, from the teacherâ€™s point of view, that in designing a special educational curriculum for learners with special needs it should contain practical knowledge, moral character qualities and performance, essential skills, competence, art, and literacy praxis. Secondly, flexibility, functionality, independence, literacy, and vocational are the principles of developing a special education curriculum for learners with special needs.Â AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara komprehensif pandangan guru sekolah luar biasa dalam pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan khusus pada dimensi perancangan dan asasnya. Penelitian melibatkan empat puluh tiga guru sekolah luar biasa dari delapan sekolah. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik diskusi kelompok terpumpun dan teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari sudut pandang guru dalam perancangan kurikulum pendidikan khusus untuk peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus harus mengandung muatan-muatan pengetahuan praktis, kualitas karakter moral dan kinerja, keterampilan penting, kompetensi, seni, dan praksis literasi. Selain itu, keluwesan, fungsional, kemandirian, literasi, dan kejuruan merupakan asas-asas pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan khusus bagi peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus.
INTERPRETASI KALOSARA DALAM RUMAH ADAT TOLAKI
Authors: Ramadan Sachrul
Published: July 2018

ABSTRAK. Etnis Tolaki, adalah salah satu dari tiga kelompok etnis utama di Sulawesi Tenggara yang memiliki gaya dan bentuk budaya yang spesifik. Bentuk budaya yang spesifik diwujudkan dalam obyek yang menjadi simbol budaya disebut Kalo Sara. Kalo Sara terdiri dari tiga elemen benda atau bahan, yaitu Rotan, Kain Putih dan Lingkaran (terbuat dari Rotan) ketiga komponen bahan dan benda tersebut merupakan bahasa simbolis yang melambangkan semua aspek kehidupan sosial masyarakat Tolaki. Penelitian ini akan mengeksplorasi nilai ruang dan bentuk rumah adat Tolaki dalam kaitannya dengan Kalo Sara sebagai unsur tertinggi dalam Tatanan Budaya Tolaki. Subyek yang akan diteliti adalah penafsiran Kalo Sara sebagai unsur budaya tertinggi dalam esensi budaya terhadap komposisi ruang, bentuk dan makna dalam rumah tradisional Tolaki. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa Kalo Sara sebagai simbol budaya di komunitas Tolaki sangat erat dan melekat dalam konfigurasi ruang rumah tradisional Tolaki. Inti dari ruang yang mendefinisikan sifat Kalo Sara dari seluruh pengaturan ruang disebut istilah Siwolembatohu.Kata Kunci: Rumah Tolaki, Siwolembatohu, Kalo Sara ABSTRACT. Ethnic Tolaki, is one of the three main ethnic groups in southeast Sulawesi that have a specific cultural style and form. A particular cultural form is manifested in an object that becomes a cultural symbol called Kalo Sara. If Sara is made up of three elements of matter or material, namely Rattan, White cloth and Circle (made of Rattan) the three components of the material and the object is a symbolic language symbolizing all aspects of the social life of the Tolaki community. This research will explore the value of space and customs house form Tolaki concerning Kalo Sara as the highest element in the Tolaki Cultural Organization. The subjects to be studied are the interpretation of Kalo Sara as the most top cultural element in the essence of culture to the composition of space, form, and meaning in Tolaki traditional house. The results of the study found that Kalo Sara as a cultural symbol in the Tolaki community is intimately tied to the traditional Tolaki house space configuration. The core of the space that defines the Kalo Sara nature of the whole spatial arrangement is called the Siwolembatohu term.Keywords: Rumah Tolaki, Siwolembatohu, Kalo Sara.
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGGUNAAN TEKNIK BIOPORI UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN BANJIR KOTA (Studi Kasus : Kelurahan Tanjung Rejo – Medan)
Authors: Harisdani Devin Defriza , Lindarto Dwi
Published: July 2018

ABSTRAK. Permasalahan banjir merupakan hal utama kinerja utilitas kota Medan. Banjir pada suatu kawasan terjadi antara lain karena drainase yang tidak memadai untuk menampung volume air hujan akibat curah hujan yang cukup tinggi. Tingkat partisipasi masyarakat ditentukan dari pemahaman dan pengetahuan yang diterima tentang pengelolaan banjir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai hubungan antara persepsi dan partisipasi, dengan metoda uji (sebelum – setelah) melalui serangkaian FGD dan simulasi penggunaan teknik biopori. Nilai korelasi 0,998 menunjukkan persepsi berkaitan erat dengan pengetahuan akan mempengaruhi tingkat partisipasi masyarakat sebelum dan sesudah FGD dan simulasi dengan nilai korelasi 0,954. Tingkat partisipasi masyarakat cukup antusias terhadap teknik biopori setelah dilakukan pengkayaan pengetahuan, pelatihan dan simulasi penggunaan untuk mengendalikan banjir kota. Penelitian ini berguna sebagai masukan kepada Pemerintah Daerah untuk meningkatkan kegiatan alternatif pengendalian banjir lingkungan. Kata Kunci: banjir, biopori, persepsi, partisipasi masyarakat ABSTRACT. Flood problems are the main performance of utilities in Medan. Flooding in an area occurs due to inadequate drainage to accommodate rainfall volume due to high rainfall. The level of community participation is determined by the understanding and knowledge received about flood management. This study aims to obtain the value of the relationship between perception and participation, with the test method (before-after) through a series of FGD and simulation of the use of biopore techniques. The correlation value of 0.998 indicates that perception closely related to knowledge will influence the participatory level of society before and after FGD and simulation with a correlation value of 0.954. The level of community participation is enthusiastic about biopore techniques after enrichment of knowledge, training, and simulation of use to control the city flood. This research is a useful solution as an input to Local Government to increase an alternative activity of flood control environment. Keywords: flood, biopore, perception, community participation
TAKING THE ROAD LESS TRAVELLED: Indigenous Self-Determination and Participation in Canadian Institutions
Authors: Woons Marc
Published: July 2018

Despite ever-increasing pressure for Indigenous self-determination, Canadian society continues to resist its implications.  Describing the conflict as a clash of two fundamentally incompatible paradigms, I create a framework that sheds light on the inner workings of paradigmatic political change.  With the goal of self-determination clearly at the centre, this article studies whether such a direct constitutional challenge can be supplemented by indirect approaches.  Two types of indirect approaches are considered: self-government approaches that (temporarily) accept elements of the existing constitutional paradigm and institutional approaches that see Indigenous peoples (temporarily) working within existing rules and institutions.  Rejecting the former outright in the case of Indigenous peoples in Canada, I apply analogous principles from chemistry to help assess the qualities institutional approaches must have to be considered effective political catalysts.  In particular, any successful political catalyst must not compromise self-determination’s goals and must hasten the process through a series of more attainable intermediate changes.  Institutional approaches must also meet a third criterion, which speaks to establishing Indigenous security and trust in the ability of institutional approaches to bring about self-determination.  With these criteria in hand, I suggest that introducing guaranteed Indigenous representation and Indigenizing legislatures can work together as political catalysts that hasten self-determination in ways that Indigenous peoples feel secure pursuing.
WE WILL ALWAYS HAVE TAMPERE: A Case Study on the Regulation of the Residence Status of Long-Term Migrants
Authors: Abrantes Manuel
Published: July 2018

While European Union citizenship gradually moved from a matter of employmentrights toward a matter of fundamental rights, the status of third-country nationals (TCNs)remained locked in the policy areas of security and economic cooperation. This changed sincethe late-1990s under gradual developments favouring the centralization of migration policy. Thecurrent paper makes a contribution to trace this process by presenting a case study of the 2003Directive concerning the status of third-country nationals who are long-term residents. Anoverview of the process leading to the adoption of the Directive is followed by an examination ofthe practicalities involved in its transposition into domestic law in Portugal, a country in whichthe relative novelty of the immigration phenomenon and an inconstant economic trajectory arecritically entwined. It is concluded that migration policy can be developed at the EU level withouta common position on integration being taken. Far from an incidental outcome, this enablesnation-states to both concede benefits claimed through political mobilization for theadvancement of immigrants’ rights and reassert their gate-keeping capacity in the regulation ofmigration. The combination of protective advancements for TCNs and increased securitizationof their mobility stands out as a piece of key explanatory value to understand the adoption of theDirective in a context of tightening immigration policy in various member-states.
THE ORIGINS OF NIGERIAN FEDERALISM: The Rikerian Theory and Beyond
Authors: Babalola Dele
Published: July 2018

Scholars of federalism have offered different reasons why federations are formed. One of the most notable works in this area is that of William H. Riker, who made no pretence about his attempt to build a general theory of federalism, particularly its origin, operation and significance. Central to the Rikerian theory is that federations are formed through a political bargain between two sets of rational politicians, and the motive for the federal bargain is principally military. This theory is predicated on the assumption that two conditions – the expansion condition, and the military condition – must be present for a federation to be formed. In reference to the Nigerian Federation established in 1954, Riker asserted that the expansionist ambition of Ghana and its then leader Kwame Nkrumah, was the main external threat that informed the formation of the Federation. The main aim in this paper is to argue that the Rikerian theory of federal formation is inadequate to explain the origin of the Nigerian Federation, especially in the light of the centripetal and centrifugal forces that combined to result in the Federation.
Book Review: Federalism and the Constitution of Canada
Authors: Mussell Jennifer
Published: July 2018

In his recent book, Federalism and the Constitution of Canada, David E. Smith characterizes Canada’s federalism as existing on two planes.  Horizontally, Canada consists of a territorial federalism- divided among ten provinces with equal jurisdiction and three territories, united by a common central government.  Vertically, Canada is a cultural federation: two distinct nations, the English and the French, again connected by a common central government.  Using this schema, Smith reevaluates some of the key questions in Canadian federalism.  In particular, he analyses the relationship between Canada’s constitution and its variant of federalism. While Smith’s analysis provides a novel approach to the study of Canadian federalism, this review highlights some of the difficulties with his framework of dual federalism; in particular that his conception of cultural federalism is too rigid to accommodate Canada’s broad cultural composition.
The Swiss reform of the allocation of tasks: The Conventions-programs as a new partnership model for vertical cooperation?
Authors: Mathys Laetitia
Published: July 2018

I examine how the reform of the allocation of tasks implemented in 2008 in Switzerland improves the relationships between the Confederation and the cantons (vertical cooperation).  The aim of the reform was to revitalize federalism by clarifying the responsibilities of the Confederation and the cantons in the implementation of public policies: public tasks were divided between federal and cantonal levels. 7 tasks become exclusively federal and 11 are handled by cantons. However 21 tasks are carried out by both the Confederation and the cantons, creating a new model of partnership. Among these common tasks and for 3 other public programs, 18 are treated by public contracts concluded between the Confederation and each canton: the Conventions-Programs. These public law contracts, valid for periods of 4 years (2008-11, 2012-15 and 2016-19) seem to be used as a “blueprint” in the implementation of public policies. By including the participation of citizens, municipalities, private sector and associations, they create a new form of multi-governance. Even if this reform allows a better separation of competences and transparency in the implementation of public policies, there still are problems to be solved and roles to be clarified.
Ethno-territorial Protest Movements and the Politics of Accommodation in Centralized and Decentralized Political Systems
Authors: Lammert Christian
Published: July 2018

The main purpose of the paper is to explain the divergent paths of development of ethno-territorial protest movements in modern democratic political systems. By focusing on the interaction between these movements and the state, the different systems of accommodation between the relevant regional and central elites will be analyzed. The study concentrates on the case studies of Québec (Canada) and Corsica (France). The paper is divided into three parts. The first part describes the traditional systems of accommodation in France and Canada. The second part is focused on the process of socio-economic modernization in the 1950s and 1960s in those countries that threatened the established patterns of elite accommodation. The third part deals with the consequences for the established patterns of elite-accommodation and new concepts of territorial management that the central states tried to establish. By looking at the different degrees of centralization and decentralization in the mentioned political systems, the question of access to the political system by new social and political actors will be discussed in detail.
Rawls and Cosmopolitanism. Peoples, Persons, and Human Rights
Authors: Hakos Greg
Published: July 2018

In The Law of Peoples Rawls extends his social contract theory to the international realm, and with that tries to provide his recipe for a "realistic utopia"—a perpetual peace. In fact, he follows Kant’s "Perpetual Peace" in advocating not one centralized, "world-state,"2 but rather an alliance of many independent, well-ordered member nations (Peoples).3 Rawls calls such an alliance a "Society of Peoples" and suggests that it, "is reasonably just in that its members follow the reasonably just Law of Peoples in their mutual relations."4 This strategy also has unique implications for Rawls’s conception of human rights. But, his conception has recently come under fire for its emphasis on Peoples over persons. In this paper I will try to demonstrate that one such attack misses its mark, and that Rawls in fact provides what I argue to be an extremely plausible view of human rights, at least from a social contract perspective.
Minority Language Rights: What Matters? A Comparison of Belgium and Canada
Authors: Levy Tamara
Published: July 2018

In federal societies, intergovernmental relations are necessarily a part of political life. But, as a student of intergovernmental relations (IGR), I want to understand, how much do intergovernmental relations really matter to particular policy outcomes? In order to assess this question, I have undertaken a study of minority language rights policies in two federal societies, Belgium and Canada (the Countries). In these circumstances, the above question is refined and can instead be stated as follows: what factors influence the content of minority language policies in the Countries?
The Swiss-ification of Ethnic Conflict. Historical Lessons in Nation-Building from the Swiss Example
Authors: Wilner Alexandre S.
Published: July 2018

No modern nation-state has had as stable an historical legacy as that of Switzerland. In a world of explosive national and international discord, of recurring genocidal hatred, of chronic violence and ethno-cultural war, the Swiss example offers a light onto others, a veritable living political manuscript, outlining the historical methods that allow for the construction of highly stable and functioning multi-ethnic nation-states. Unlocking the Swiss case, then, provides us with the theoretical keys that will be necessary for avoiding “the coming anarchy” of the post-Cold War Era. The essay presents both an exploration of the historical development of Swiss nationalism and an evaluation of whether or not the Swiss example of post-primordial civic nationalism can act as an ideal model for others in Eastern Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. From the historical dialogue, three primary circumstances have guided the development of a stable national foundation in Switzerland; (1) the threat of an external ‘alien other’, (2) elite accommodation and consociation of the national project, and (3) an innate willingness and desire to behave and be governed as a unitary, yet multi-ethnic, nation. The conclusions suggest that while the Swiss case is necessarily an end-result of unique historical happenstance, the variables of stability are nevertheless universal and can be replicated by others living in distinct historical eras and geographical proximities. The lessons are of great value, then, to modern nationbuilding projects in Iraq, Sri Lanka, Israel/Palestine, Kashmir, Ireland/England, Spain and even in Canada.
CONSOLIDATED DEMOCRACIES AND THE PAST: TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE IN SPAIN AND CANADA
Authors: Dunbar Ian
Published: July 2018

The majority of scholarly consideration on the principles of transitional justice has focused upon how emerging democracies should deal with former regimes immediately following violent conflict. However, consolidated democracies have also begun to turn to transitional justice mechanisms in order to address historical legacies of violence and repression. This article examines Spain and Canada, two countries dealing with seemingly disparate issues: the legacy of the Civil War and Franco’s repressive regime, and the abuses of the Indian Residential Schools system, respectively. However, both nations have been forced to respond to similar questions regarding the merits of revisiting a painful past well after democratic consolidation. The article first discusses the proliferation of transitional justice principles into consolidated democracies, and considers the argument that such processes may destabilize and divide society, particularly by exacerbating federalist divisions. It concludes that despite the unique challenges of employing transitional justice so long after a transition, the Spanish and Canadian cases reveal the inevitability of confronting the past in response to charges of hypocrisy and illegitimacy. Consolidated democracies, embedded with principles of public contention and debate, are well-suited to respond to these challenges while maintaining political and societal cohesion.
RUSSIAN FEDERALISM AND TATARSTAN’S ETHNIC PEACE
Authors: Barker Christopher
Published: July 2018

This article focuses on cooperation between Muslims and Christians inTatarstan and illustrates how federal arrangements operate to diffuse ethnopolitical crises. Management of ethnic and national conflicts has importance within Russia and its immediate neighbourhood as well as globally. Using news reports, secondary sources, and interviews from fieldwork in Russia, the article identifies ways in which the two communities are working together to ensure stability and peace in the region. It examines the religious aspects of cooperation, as well as economic and political dimensions of cooperation. The article identifies lessons for the rest of Russia, particularly Chechnya as well as the central Asian states formerly part of the Soviet Union. Even though federalism has got negative publicity in former communist countries, particularly following the collapse of communism, the case of Tatarstan suggests ways through which federal institutions enable cooperation between Russians and Tatars. In addition, the article considers recent pitfalls the two sides have had to overcome and broader implications for federalism and reconciliation studies in general.
YAKINTHOU, C. 2009, Political Settlements in Divided Societies: Consociationalism and Cyprus, Palgrave MacMillan, Basingstoke/New York, p.288.
Authors: Simopoulos Michalis
Published: July 2018

‘Political Settlements in Divided Societies’, one of the latest contributions to the literature on Cyprus, attempts to analyse the failure of the Annan Plan through the prism of consociational approaches to negotiated settlements.
A Hole in the Wall; A Rose at a Checkpoint: The Spatiality of Colonial Encounters in Occupied Palestine
Authors: Razack Sherene
Published: July 2018

This article reflects on the spatial arrangements that memorialize power on the bodies of the colonized in occupied Palestine. These are the reflections of someone whose research is focused on the Canadian context. I attempt here to have a conversation with those scholars who are more conversant with the Israeli/Palestinian context than I, reading them through the prism of my own extremely brief experience of occupied Palestine, and through my research on violence against Aboriginal peoples in Canada. I focus on the physical encounter between colonizer and colonized, on the way that spaces express power arrangements that operate on the bodies of the colonized, turning them into small animals scrambling over rocks, or rats prodded and poked to make their way through a maze. The same spatial arrangements confirm colonizers as rightful owners of the land, convincing them who they are. The wall, the shouting at checkpoints, the power to arbitrarily stop and search, these must assist the 18 year old soldier wielding a gun to banish the ghosts on the landscape, the Arab faces, the outlines of buildings, the old Arabic names – anything that suggests that in truth, the land is Arab land.
The Political Text of Racialized Bodies
Authors: Sandhu Gurjit
Published: July 2018

This is the editorial introduction to Volume 2, Issue 1, 2012.
'Farewell' from the Outgoing Editor
Authors: Walker Barrington
Published: July 2018

'Farewell' from the Outgoing Editor.
Beyond Sir John: Unsettling Public Memory in Kingston, Ontario
Authors: Murray Laura , Carl Paul
Published: July 2018

This essay begins with a discussion of how provincial and municipal policy and practice in Kingston has defined “heritage” in such a way as to reinforce class and race privilege. It then offers a critical documentation of the Macdonald bicentennial in Kingston, which has not been done synthetically elsewhere. Finally, it describes some alternative plaques the authors proposed at an Indigenous Symposium on the eve of the bicentennial as a way of insisting on Indigenous presence in the city and challenging triumphalist state narratives.
The Legacy of Sir John A. Macdonald: How a Historical Inquiry Project Led to an Understanding of Racial Literacy
Authors: Brennan Terri-Lynn , Bridgen Tracy , Hill Trevor , Gallupe Matthew , Squarebriggs Meghan
Published: July 2018

The year 2015 saw the City of Kingston, in Ontario, Canada, commemorate what would have been the 200th birthday year of its first Prime Minister, Sir John Alexander Macdonald (hereafter referred to as SJAM). A monumental figure in helping to forge the Canadian nation, SJAM is a figure surrounded by as much praise and controversy as any political figure, both past and present. Although much is said and interpreted as to who SJAM was as a politician and a personal figure, this essay is not about analyzing him or his policies. Rather, this essay looks at how discussions surrounding SJAM are taken up in schools. We argue that SJAM can be used as a racial literacy tool for reading against dominant texts and grappling with personal and institutional implications arising from this critique of dominant texts. In the Canadian context, white privilege is a powerful entry point for engaging students with notions of complicity, accountability and responsibility. We must inform our understanding of the present with a critical trans-historical perspective, challenging popular Canadian misunderstandings of historical racial oppression, such as how we celebrate SJAM for his role in the creation of the transcontinental railway but forget the following: 1) Many Canadians—including government officials—persecuted those who physically built it; and 2) Canada itself is a nation built on the practice of slavery, on one hand, and genocide, on the other. Therefore, with the significance and opportunity of the year 2015, the City of Kingston and the Limestone District School Board opened up an inquiry-based project with 180 students in grades six, seven, and eight regarding their perspectives of SJAM. Responding to their first indepth introduction to SJAM in their history curriculum, the students were asked: “Was Sir John A. Macdonald an Effective Political Leader?” and “Does Kingston Need a New Hero?” Through enriched classroom discussions, exploration of primary and secondary sources and informative academic web conferences, issues of racism, invisible voices, and settler privilege wove a greater and more critical understanding of how racial literacy is imperative in today’s schools and classrooms.
STRUCTURAL IMPEDIMENTS TO LEARNING: INVESTIGATING LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS INSIDE THE BAHEN CENTRE
Authors: Abid Saif , Almond David , Timorabadi Hamid S.
Published: July 2018

Abstract – This paper investigates the physical features that affect the learning process of students within the lecture halls in the Bahen centre. The impacts of any drawbacks or shortcomings due to structural design of the Bahen building on students’ learning qualities are considered. Primary research including physical measurements and opinion surveys of students and professors comprise the basis of discussion. Results indicate that a number of lecture halls do not meet the University's classroom design standards. Tutorial rooms fare better by design-standards but a lack of electrical access ignores the growing dependency on computers in the classrooms. The authors discuss a set of identified issues – from obstructed viewing angles to damaged accessibility equipment, and list recommendations to address learning challenges. Implementing some of the recommendation will require trivial effort, while future educational structures for others may be considered.
Eyes of Glass: Watching the Watchers in the Monitoring of Public Places in Curitiba, Brazil
Authors: Firmino Rodrigo Jose , Trevisan Elisa
Published: July 2018

Surveillance cameras have become an integral part of the architecture of public and private spaces in large cities, like the eyes of the augmented city (Firmino and Duarte 2008). From the perspective of public security and with the supposed premise of reducing violence, the implementation of security systems and the installation of these “eyes” in critical places have emerged as options available to town planners. However, there are no reliable data confirming a direct relationship between video surveillance and increased security, only the discussion and debate that has been started in an attempt to justify the use of such surveillance. Furthermore, little is known, particularly in Brazil, about the monitoring strategies and procedures used by the professionals who operate a city’s eyes. As cameras are electronic devices whose purpose is merely to record images, the people who control them play a fundamental role in determining how this recording of images influences the day-to-day existence of those being watched and the very way the public space that is ‘under surveillance’ is perceived. To understand monitoring from the perspective of those who carry it out (Kemple and Huey 2005), we propose to show analytically, based on the study of a unit for monitoring public spaces in the center of Curitiba, what the watcher’s procedures and routines are. It is the analysis of the images and of how best to proceed as a result of these that serves as the basis for all the actions involved in the operation of the system. Our aim was to gain first-hand experience of the monitoring unit with the aid of techniques such as participant observation in order to better understand what happens behind the glass eyes of the contemporary city.
Crowdsourcing Homeland Security: The Texas Virtual BorderWatch and Participatory Citizenship
Authors: Tewksbury Doug
Published: July 2018

This paper investigates the development of a new logic of labor and surveillance: the application of Crowdsourcing, an approach of distributive, collaborative labor over web-based networks, to the defense of the U.S.-Mexico border. I explore this issue through the case of the Texas Virtual BorderWatch, a network of governmental web-based surveillance cameras mounted at the U.S.-Mexico Border that can be patrolled by anyone with an internet connection. Programs such as the Texas Virtual BorderWatch have proven to be neither particularly effective nor cost-efficient, yet they continue, leading the question of what other logics must justify the sustained funding of these types of programs? I argue that the crowdsourcing of border security represents a new trajectory in the approach to governance and surveillance under Neoliberalism, able to use the power of participatory platforms developed under Web 2.0 as tools to offload the responsibilities of surveillance and security from the state to the populace at little to no cost. Furthermore, the Texas Virtual BorderWatch creates participatory “citizen-soldiers” in the War on Terror, able to welcome the front lines of surveillance into the household, among the most private of spaces. Yet in each case, these practices serve as but one example of the type of decentralized, interactive experiments of reproducing power dynamics that are representative of the Neoliberal movement’s aim to politicize the cultural practices of everyday life.
Surveillance, Suspicion and Stigma: Brown Bodies in a Terror-Panic Climate
Authors: Patel Tina Girishbhai
Published: July 2018

This paper considers hard and soft surveillance measures, processes of racialised labelling and the allocation of stigma within a post-9/11 terror-panic climate. Using qualitative data from the first stage of a wider study, the paper reports on the perceptions and experiences of those marked as ‘hyper-visible’ (Khoury 2009); that is, those of middle Eastern appearance, or of South Asian or Arabic heritage and of the Muslim faith, who are presented as members of a suspect community. The paper considers ‘browning’ (Bhattacharyya 2008; Burman 2010; Semati 2010; Silva 2010) and ‘social sorting’ (Lyon 2003a) in relation to perceptions and experiences of surveillance. The paper argues that ethnic hostility features heavily in surveillance, and the impact has serious negative consequences for its subjects. Anti-terror surveillance therefore needs to be understood within the wider context of a racially defined citizenship agenda. This would allow us to more accurately understand its impact, and to ask questions about its fulfilling of safety. More significantly, it would also allow for the mapping of mobilised resistance to problematic and discriminatory surveillance.
Surveillance, Security and Violence in a Mental Health Ward: An Ethnographic Case-Study of a Purpose-Built Unit in Australia
Authors: Due Clemence , Connellan Kathleen , Riggs Damien W
Published: July 2018

This paper discusses the potential relationship between surveillance techniques, the enactment of security measures, and patient violence in mental health wards. The paper draws upon data from an ethnographic study conducted in a purpose-built mental health unit containing two wards (one locked and one open) in South Australia, and argues that acts of violence observed in the unit were typically preceded by an incident within the unit that was related to the implementation of security measures aimed at controlling non-compliant behaviours. The paper argues that if a relationship between security measures and violence does exist in mental health wards, then close attention must be paid to the ways in which forms of surveillance may arguably exacerbate, rather than prevent, the need for security measures.
The Home Under Surveillance: A Tripartite Assemblage
Authors: Rapoport Michele (Michal)
Published: July 2018

The home is perceived as an enclave of privacy and retreat from the proliferation of surveillance technologies in the spaces ofpublic and semi-public life. Yet the past years have seen a rapid growth in the development and marketing of smart surveillancesystems for domestic use that promise to protect both family and property. As a result, the understanding of ‘home’ as a place forrespite and as an enclave of autonomy is being challenged as residents find themselves continuously under observation. This studyreads the experience of surveilling and of being surveilled within one’s private domain as different from that of being watchedand monitored on the street, in the mall, or at the office. With the understanding that new assemblages—namely social entitiesconstructed from heterogeneous parts—are formed as humans engage with new technical artefacts, it becomes apparent that aunique tripartite amalgamation of technology, humans and space/place is brought into being by the installation of domesticsurveillance systems by residents in their homes. Moving beyond approaches that examine the social contexts from which thesetechnologies emerge and their cultural consequences, the current study investigates the new ontologies of home, technology, andof surveillance itself rewritten in the automated, smart home. Surveillance is shown as altering the notion of home as place, and of setting the home as the site of action and activity. Moreover, an ontological shift takes place in our understanding of surveillanceas many of its binary paradigms are destabilized.
The Curious Tale of The Dog That Hasn’t Barked (Yet)
Authors: Whitaker Reg
Published: July 2018

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A prosperous ‘business’. The success of CCTV through the eyes of international literature
Authors: Germain Séverine , Dumoulin Laurence , Douillet Anne-Cécile
Published: July 2018

This article deals with a paradox: video surveillance becomes widespread, in more and more numerous social and national spaces, while its effects in terms of crime prevention and\or law enforcement and community reassurance are not demonstrated. Through a critical analysis of the international literature on CCTV, this article attempts to identify the reasons advanced to explain the ‘success’ of this technology. Three kinds of approach, which embody three ways of defining the political and social impact of CCTV, can be distinguished: surveillance studies, impact analyses and use studies. This paper discusses these works and the answers they bring to the understanding of CCTV development. It claims that micro-level case study analysis allows grasping subtly the locally observable mechanisms by which new actors can be enrolled in the device and new legitimizations are made possible.
Screening in or out? Surveillance of unwanted humanity across the EU
Authors: Hintjens Helen M.
Published: July 2018

Abstract Routinised surveillance systems are generally regarded as public (and corporate) interference in the privacy of citizens.  Yet such comprehensive forms of surveillance intervention can be a counterpart of citizenship rights, and even of the ‘right to have rights’ within EU cities today. This paper is about selective surveillance, here termed screening out, of undocumented people and how it operates inside EU cities today.  A 2002 EU Directive on “Strengthening the Penal Framework to Prevent the Facilitation of Unauthorised Entry, Transit and Residence” underpins coercive policies designed to exclude ‘unwanted humanity’ from the realm of rights-bearing residents within EU urban spaces. Through individual narrative and a range of evidence, the article shows how selective surveillance screens out unwanted humanity from exercising their rights within EU urban spaces.  The key aim is to expose the deliberate governmental use of selective surveillance – to disable and prohibit the access of some people to local resources and urban services vital for a basic decent minimum level of life.  The logic of deterrence strategies underpin screening out and create non-persons, including failed asylum seekers who are the main focus of this article.  Without comprehensive data collection, there is little oversight possible and intervention is lacking which might improve the life chances of undocumented people who live in cities of the EU. Destitution, detention and deportation are the 3-Ds that mean the most basic social and civil rights of undocumented people are routinely neglected. Public institutions, including medical authorities, local authorities and even charities, have become points of exclusion for the unwanted.  Little is known about their health conditions or needs, with the exception of some NGO and academic studies on small samples.  Redefined across most EU cities as ‘unwanted humanity’, undocumented people and those campaigning on their behalf are increasingly a legitimate ‘target group’ for violent forms of privatised security.  Selective surveillance – or screening out - is thus a strong indicator of unwantedness, as shown with some examples from UK, Dutch and French cities.  Comprehensive surveillance could be viewed as a public good, so long as it is applied in a non-selective manner.
Liminal Surveillance. Intensified use of an existing CCTV system during a local event
Authors: Boersma Kees
Published: July 2018

This article is about the targeted, temporarily intensified use of an already existing, permanently installed surveillance system for the safety and security management during a local event at the campus of the University of Illinois, USA. In particular it is the CCTV system that is analyzed after an ethnographic control room study. It became clear that the law enforcement intensified the use of the CCTV system during the festival. The temporal, intensified use of a surveillance system is in this article labeled as 'liminal surveillance'. Not only could the police intensify the surveillance as a result of the liminal use of the CCTV system, but they also could test the system in extreme circumstances, advocate its use, and raise attention for safety and security issues during the festival. In this article both the intended and unintended consequences of liminal surveillance are discussed.