bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probability density evolution method for seismic liquefaction performance analysis of earth dam
Authors: Huang Yu , Xiong Min
Published: November 2016

To investigate the seismic liquefaction performance of earth dams under earthquake loading, we present a new methodology for evaluating the seismic response of earth dams based on a performance‐based approach and a stochastic vibration method. This study assesses an earthfill dam located in a high‐intensity seismic region of eastern China. The seismic design levels and corresponding performance indexes are selected according to performance‐based criteria and dam seismic codes. Then, nonlinear constitutive models are used to derive an array of deterministic seismic responses of the earth dam by dynamic time series analysis based on a finite element model. Based on these responses, the stochastic seismic responses and dynamic reliability of the earth dam are obtained using the probability density evolution method. Finally, the seismic performance of the earth dam is assessed by the performance‐based and reliability criteria. Our results demonstrate the accuracy of the seismic response analysis of earth dams using the random vibration method. This new method of dynamic performance analysis of earth dams demonstrates that performance‐based criteria and reliability evaluation can provide more objective indices for decision‐making rather than using deterministic seismic acceleration time series as is the current normal practice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic toxicity of arsenic during Rhinella arenarum embryonic and larval development: Potential biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant response
Authors: Mardirosian Mariana Noelia , Lascano Cecilia Inés , Bongiovanni Guillermina Azucena , Venturino Andrés
Published: November 2016

The Argentinean autochthonous toad Rhinella arenarum was selected to study the chronic toxicity of arsenic (As) and the biochemical responses elicited by exposure to As in water during embryonic and larval development. Significant decreases in the total reactive antioxidant potential and in catalase activity were observed in individuals exposed chronically to sublethal concentrations of As, which is indicative of an oxidative stress situation. However, an antioxidant response was elicited during chronic exposure to As, as evidenced by the increase in endogenous reduced glutathione content and glutathione-related enzymatic activities such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase. This protective response might prevent a deeper decline in the antioxidant system and further oxidative damage. Alternatively, it might be linked to As conjugation with reduced glutathione for its excretion. Considering the sustained increase in GST activity and the decrease in the total antioxidant reactive potential observed, the authors propose them as good candidates to be used as biomarkers during As exposure. Interestingly, glutathione reductase activity was inhibited at a very low concentration of As considered safe for aquatic life. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1614–1621. © 2016 SETAC
Multiple Reoccupations after Four Paleotsunami Inundations (0.3–1.3 ka) at a Prehistoric Site in the Netarts Littoral Cell, Northern Oregon Coast, USA
Authors: Minor Rick , Peterson Curt D.
Published: November 2016

Netarts Bay is the setting of one of the largest concentrations of late prehistoric Native American settlements on the tectonically active Oregon coast. A prehistoric site (35TI74) exposed by sea cliff erosion in 1998 at the south end of the Netarts littoral cell contained a stratigraphic record of activity by prehistoric Native Americans and interbedded paleotsunami deposits. The nearfield paleotsunamis were produced by great Cascadia earthquakes (Mw8.5 ± 0.5) emanating from the Cascadia Subduction Zone offshore, as previously documented in episodically buried tidal marsh surfaces at the south end of Netarts Bay and in many other estuaries in the region. The cultural deposits at 35TI74 reflect multiple reoccupations by Native Americans at this barrage creek flood plain site between paleotsunami runup events (≥7.5 m elevation) at 1.3 ka, 1.1 ka, 0.8–0.9 ka, and 0.3 ka. The conditions that led to the exposure of 35TI74 are traced to erosion of a protective beach dune ramp at the south end of the Netarts littoral cell, placing the site within reach of progressive storm‐surf erosion. The diminishing geoarchaeological record at 35TI74 represents a microcosm of the sea cliff erosional processes that threaten vulnerable prehistoric shoreline archaeological sites along much of the Pacific Northwest Coast.
Clinical characteristics and survival outcome of primary effusion lymphoma: A review of 105 patients
Authors: El‐Fattah Mohamed Abd
Published: November 2016

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare and an aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma with a distinctive clinicobiological features. As a result of the rarity of this malignancy, the overwhelming majority of data come from a case reports or series. Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical features and the survival outcomes of 105 patients with PEL who diagnosed between 2001 and 2012 from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database 18 of the US National Cancer Institute. The Kaplan‐Meier curves were constructed and the multivariate Cox model was built to identify survival prognostic factors. Of the total 105 patients, the median age at diagnosis was 41 years (male‐to‐female ratio, 8.5:1), and Caucasian race accounted for 79%. Regarding the diagnostic methods, diagnosis has been established by histology in 39 patients (36.8%) and cytology in 54 patients (51.4%). Ann Arbor staging showed that 65% of the patients had advanced stages (stages III and IV) at time of diagnosis. With a median follow‐up of 4 months, 82 patients (78%) had died at last follow‐up time, of which 40 patients (58.5%) died due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–related complications and 21 patients (25.6%) due to PEL progression. The HIV‐related death accounted for 69% of deaths in a black American compared with 55.5% in Caucasian. With a median overall survival (OS) of 4.8 months, the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS rates were 30%, 18%, and 17%, respectively. In univariate analysis, age, gender, marital status, and year of diagnosis had no impact on OS. The 1‐year OS rate was 25% in advanced stages compared with 52% in early stages. In a multivariate model adjusted for demographic data, the risk of mortality in advanced stages (stages III and IV) was 1.86‐fold higher than those reported in early stages (Hazard Ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–3.29; P = .03). In conclusion, PEL has a poor survival regardless, age, gender, marital status, and tumor stage.
Development of Lu‐177‐trastuzumab for radioimmunotherapy of HER2 expressing breast cancer and its feasibility assessment in breast cancer patients
Authors: Bhusari Priya , Vatsa Rakhee , Singh Gurpreet , Parmar Madan , Bal Amanjit , Dhawan Devinder K. , Mittal Bhagwant R. , Shukla Jaya
Published: November 2016

HER2/neu is over expressed in 20–25% of breast cancers. HER2 breast cancers are aggressive and are associated with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to develop the clinical grade Lu‐177‐trastuzumab and its preliminary evaluation for specific tumor targeting in HER2 positive breast cancer patients. Trastuzumab was conjugated to bifunctional chelator, DOTA, and characterized for integrity and the number of molecules conjugated. Radiolabeling of DOTA‐conjugated trastuzumab was optimized using Lu‐177. Quality control parameters including radiochemical purity, stability, sterility, pyrogenicity and immunoreactivity were assessed. A preliminary pilot study was conducted on breast cancer patients (n = 6 HER2 positive and n = 4 HER2 negative) to evaluate the ability of Lu‐177‐trastuzumab for HER2 specific tumor targeting. The conjugates were efficiently labeled with Lu‐177 with high radiochemical purity (up to 91%) and specific activity (6–13 µCi/µg). Lu‐177‐trastuzumab was stable up to 12 hr post labeling. The radioimmunoassay demonstrated good antigen binding ability and specificity for HER2 receptor protein. The patient studies showed the localization of Lu‐177‐trastuzumab at primary as well as metastatic sites (HER2 positive) in the planar and SPECT/CT images. No tracer uptake was observed in HER2 negative patients that indicated the specificity of Lu‐177‐trastuzumab. The study demonstrated that in‐house developed Lu‐177‐trastuzumab has specific targeting ability for HER2 expressing lesions and may in future become a palliative treatment option in the form of targeted radionuclide therapy for disseminated HER2 positive breast cancer.
Effects of statins on cancer mortality and progression: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of 95 cohorts including 1,111,407 individuals
Authors: Mei Zubing , Liang Mining , Li Lezhi , Zhang Yi , Wang Qingming , Yang Wei
Published: November 2016

Statins have been implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis and tumor progression in cancer patients and statin use at the time of cancer diagnosis has been reported to be associated with reduced cancer risk and improved survival, irrespective of concomitant anti‐cancer therapy. A systematic literature search of relevant databases through May 2015 was conducted to identify studies assessing the prognostic impact of statin use on prognostic outcomes in cancer patients. Literature search identified 95 cohort studies that met the inclusion criteria. A meta‐analysis of 55 articles showed that statin use was significantly associated with decreased risk of all‐cause mortality (HR 0.70, 95% Cl 0.66 to 0.74) compared with nonusers. The observed pooled estimates were retained for cancer‐specific mortality (HR 0.60, 95% Cl 0.47 to 0.77), progression‐free survival (HR 0.67, 95% Cl 0.56 to 0.81), recurrence‐free survial (HR 0.74, 95% Cl 0.65 to 0.83) and disease‐free survival (HR 0.53, 95% Cl 0.40 to 0.72). These associations almost remained consistent across those outcomes when stratified by publication type, tumour location, study design, sample size, initiation of statins, disease stage, research country, follow‐up duration or research hospital involved. Subgroup analyses according to initiation of statins showed postdiagnosis statin users (HR 0.65, 95% Cl 0.54 to 0.79) gained significantly more recurrence‐free survival benefit than prediagnosis statin users (HR 0.86, 95% Cl 0.77 to 0.96) (p for interaction = 0.018). Statin therapy has potential survival benefit for patients with malignancy. Further large‐scale prospective studies emphasising survival outcomes of individual cancer type are strongly encouraged.
Multilayer cellular stacks of gelatin‐hydroxyapatite fiber scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Salifu A.A. , Lekakou C. , Labeed F.
Published: November 2016

Multilayer cellular stacks of crosslinked, electrospun 25 wt % hydroxyapatite (HA)‐gelatin and pure gelatin fiber scaffolds, seeded with human fetal osteoblasts (hFOBs), were studied for up to 18 days in static and dynamic cell culture. Two types of stack models were investigated: a four‐layer stack with cells seeded at the bottom surface of the first/top layer and the top surface of the fourth/bottom layer, so that the two middle layers were not seeded with cells with the aim to act as continuing conduits of culture medium and nutrients supply to the adjacent cell‐populated zones; a three‐layer stack with cells seeded at the bottom surface of each layer. hFOBs exhibited lower migration rate through the stack thickness for the 25 wt % HA‐gelatin scaffolds as compared to the pure gelatin scaffolds, due to the small pores of the former. Hence, the regularly seeded three‐layer stack maintained cell‐free porous zones in all layers through which the culture medium could continuously perfuse, while good fusion was achieved at the interface of all layers via the cross‐migrating cells with a preference to downwards vertical migration attributed to gravity. Dynamic cell culture conditions enhanced overall cell growth by about 6% for the regularly seeded three‐layer stack. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 779–789, 2017.
Homocysteine as a Pathological Biomarker for Bone Disease
Authors: Behera Jyotirmaya , Bala Jyoti , Nuru Mohammed , Tyagi Suresh C. , Tyagi Neetu
Published: November 2016

In the last few decades, perturbation in methyl‐group and homocysteine (Hcy) balance have emerged as independent risk factors in a number of pathological conditions including neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular dysfunction, cancer development, autoimmune disease, and kidney disease. Recent studies report Hcy to be a newly recognized risk factor for osteoporosis. Elevated Hcy levels are known to modulate osteoclastgenesis by causing detrimental effects on bone via oxidative stress induced metalloproteinase‐mediated extracellular matrix degradation and decrease in bone blood flow. Evidence from previous studies also suggests that the decreased chondrocytes mediated bone mineralization in chick limb‐bud mesenchymal cells and during the gestational period of ossification in rat model. However, Hcy imbalance and its role in bone loss, regression in vascular invasion, and osteoporosis, are not clearly understood. More investigations are required to explore the complex interplay between Hcy imbalance and onset of bone disease progression. This article reviews the current body of knowledge on regulation of Hcy mediated oxidative stress and its role in bone remodeling, vascular blood flow and progression of bone disease. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2704–2709, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Postnatal Hyperplasic Effects of ActRIIB Blockade in a Severely Dystrophic Muscle
Authors: Nielsen Cory , Potter Ross M. , Borowy Christopher , Jacinto Kimberly , Kumar Ravi , Carlson C. George
Published: November 2016

The efficacy of two ActRIIB ligand‐trapping agents (RAP‐031 and RAP‐435) in treating muscular dystrophy was examined by determining their morphological effects on the severely dystrophic triangularis sterni (TS) muscle of the mdx mouse, a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. These agents trap all endogenous ligands to the ActRIIB receptor and thereby block myostatin signaling in a highly selective manner. Short‐term (1 month) and long‐term (3 months) in vivo treatment of 1‐month‐old mdx mice increased myonuclei and fiber cross section (FCS) density but did not alter individual fiber size. Vehicle‐treated mdx mice exhibited age‐dependent increases in myonuclei and FCS density, and age‐dependent reductions in centronucleation that were each enhanced by treatment with RAP‐435. Distributions of FCS area (FCSA) in the mdx TS were 90% identical to those from untreated age‐matched nondystrophic mice and were unaltered by the substantial fiber hyperplasia observed with age and RAP‐435 treatment. These results were inconsistent with injury‐induced fiber regeneration which produces altered FCSA distributions characterized by a distinct class of smaller regenerated fibers. Nondystrophic mice exhibited a constant postnatal density of fiber cross sections and myonuclei, and RAP‐435 treatment of nondystrophic mice increased TS mean FCSA but had no effects on myonuclei or FCS density. These results demonstrating a continual postnatal proliferation and fusion of satellite cells and a response to myostatin blockade characteristic of developing prenatal muscle suggest that the lack of dystrophin directly results in unrestrained postnatal satellite cell activation that is not necessarily dependent upon prior fiber degeneration. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1774–1793, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecularly imprinted core‐shell magnetic nanoparticles for selective extraction of triazines in soils
Authors: Patiño‐Ropero María José , Díaz‐Álvarez Myriam , Martín‐Esteban Antonio
Published: November 2016

In this work, a propazine‐imprinted polymer was synthesized on the surface of modified magnetic nanoparticles to be used in the solid‐phase extraction of triazines in soil samples. The effect of different solvents on the selective extraction of target analytes was assessed to establish the optimum rebinding conditions. The obtained magnetic molecularly imprinted particles exhibited high selectivity for triazines and were easily collected and separated by an external magnetic field without additional centrifugation or filtration steps. Under optimum conditions, a magnetic molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction method was developed allowing the extraction of several triazines (desisopropylatrazine, desethylatrazine, simazine, atrazine, and propazine) from soil samples and their subsequent final determination by high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode‐array detection. Recoveries for the triazines studied were within the range 5.4% to 40.6%, with relative standard deviations lower than 7.0% (n = 3). The detection limits were within 0.1 to 3 ng g−1, depending upon the triazine and the type of soil used.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase subunit β of Lactobacillus plantarum is a collagen adhesin involved in biofilm formation
Authors: Salzillo Marzia , Vastano Valeria , Capri Ugo , Muscariello Lidia , Marasco Rosangela
Published: November 2016

Multi‐functional surface proteins have been observed in a variety of pathogenic bacteria, where they mediate host cell adhesion and invasion, as well as in commensal bacterial species, were they mediate positive interaction with the host. Among these proteins, some glycolytic enzymes, expressed on the bacterial cell surface, can bind human extracellular matrix components (ECM). A major target for them is collagen, an abundant glycoprotein of connective tissues. We have previously shown that the enolase EnoA1 of Lactobacillus plantarum, one of the most predominant species in the gut microbiota of healthy individuals, is involved in binding with collagen type I (CnI). In this study, we found that PDHB, a component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, contributes to the L. plantarum LM3 adhesion to CnI. By a cellular adhesion assay to immobilized CnI, we show that LM3‐B1 cells, carrying a null mutation in the pdhB gene, bind to CnI – coated surfaces less efficiently than wild‐type cells. Moreover, we show that the PDHB–CnI interaction requires a native state for PDHB. We also analyzed the ability to develop biofilm in wild‐type and mutant strains and we found that the lack of the PDHB on cell surface generates cells partially impaired in biofilm development.
Total quality index of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms packed in modified atmosphere
Authors: Djekic Ilija , Vunduk Jovana , Tomašević Igor , Kozarski Maja , Petrovic Predrag , Niksic Miomir , Pudja Predrag , Klaus Anita
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND

The aim of this study was to develop a total quality index and examine the effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms stored for 22 days at 4 °C. Mushrooms were packaged under three MAPs: high nitrogen packaging (HNP), low carbon dioxide packaging (LCP) and low oxygen packaging (LOP). Passive MAP with air inside initially was used as the atmosphere treatment (AIR).

RESULTS

This research revealed two phases in quality deterioration of A. bisporus mushrooms. During the first week, most of the quality parameters were not statistically different. Thereafter, odor intensities were stronger for all four types of packaging. Color difference and browning index values showed significantly lower color changes for AIR and LOP compared with HNP and LCP mushrooms.

CONCLUSION

The best total quality index was calculated for LOP, followed by LCP and AIR. The findings of this study are useful with respect to examining two‐component MAPs, separating the limiting factors (O2 and CO2) and evaluating quality deterioration effects and the total quality index of A. bisporus mushrooms. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Experimental and theoretical study of the influence of water on hydrolyzed product formation during the feruloylation of vegetable oil
Authors: Compton David L , Evans Kervin O , Appell Michael
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND

Feruloylated vegetable oil is a valuable green bioproduct that has several cosmeceutical applications associated with its inherent anti‐oxidant and ultraviolet‐absorption properties. Hydrolyzed vegetable oil by‐products can influence product quality and consistency.

RESULTS

The formation of by‐products by residual water in the enzymatic synthesis of feruloylated vegetable oil was investigated using chemical theory and experimental studies by monitoring the reaction over a 22‐day period. The hydrolysis of vegetable oil is thermodynamically favored over the hydrolysis of the ethyl ferulate starting material. These results suggest that hydrolyzed vegetable oil products will be experimentally observed in greater concentrations compared to hydrolyzed ethyl ferulate products.

CONCLUSION

Quantum chemical studies identified several reaction mechanisms that explain the formation of side products by water, suggesting that residual water influences product quality. Efforts to reduce residual water can improve product consistency and reduce purification costs. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Influence of surface texture shape, geometry and orientation on hydrodynamic lubrication performance of plane‐to‐plane slider surfaces
Authors: Uddin M. S. , Ibatan Tom , Shankar S.
Published: November 2016

This paper investigates the effect of surface texturing on the tribological performance of hydrodynamic slider surfaces. The geometric parameters of the texture considered were the texture shape, bottom profile, orientation and depth. A theoretical model based on the steady‐state Reynolds equation was solved numerically by finite difference method to analyse the effect of surface texturing. The optimum geometry of each texture shape was determined, for which, the film thickness was maximised and the friction coefficient was minimised. Among all the shapes, the square with a single wedge bottom profile outperformed. The performance of the triangle, the chevron and the ellipse was highly influenced by their orientation with respect to the sliding direction. Texture density was found to be more dominant in impacting the tribological performance than the texture aspect ratio. The results obtained were further discussed with respect to the studies available in literature to emphasise the significance of the findings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactive Conjugated Polymers: Synthesis, Modification, and Electrochemical Properties of Polypentafluorophenylacetylene (Co)Polymers
Authors: Bhebhe Mathamsanqa N. , De Eulate Eva Alvarez , Pei Yiwen , Arrigan Damien W. M. , Roth Peter J. , Lowe Andrew B.
Published: November 2016

(Co)Polymers containing pentafluorophenylacetylene (F5PA) have been prepared for the first time mediated by [Rh(nbd)Cl]2/NEt3 to give materials with properties typical of poly(phenylacetylene)s prepared with this catalyst/co‐catalyst combination. It is demonstrated that the F5PA repeat units in these new (co)polymers serve as convenient reactive species for post‐polymerization modification with thiols via para‐fluoro aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions to give an entirely new family of novel thioether‐functional polyene materials accompanied by absorption maxima shifts of up to 130 nm. Finally, the electrochemical properties of these new fluorinated polyene materials are briefly examined and the distinct difference in behavior of the F5PA homopolymer versus polyphenylacetylene, copolymers, and functional derivatives is highlighted.

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Simultaneous identification of diffusion coefficient, spacewise dependent source and initial value for one‐dimensional heat equation
Authors: Zhao Zhi‐Xue , Banda Mapundi K. , Guo Bao‐Zhu
Published: November 2016

This paper deals with an inverse problem of determining the diffusion coefficient, spacewise dependent source term, and the initial value simultaneously for a one‐dimensional heat equation based on the boundary control, boundary measurement, and temperature distribution at a given single instant in time. By a Dirichlet series representation for the boundary observation, the identification of the diffusion coefficient and initial value can be transformed into a spectral estimation problem of an exponential series with measurement error, which is solved by the matrix pencil method. For the identification of the source term, a finite difference approximation method in conjunction with the truncated singular value decomposition is adopted, where the regularization parameter is determined by the generalized cross‐validation criterion. Numerical simulations are performed to verify the result of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What impact does written information about fatigue have on patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases? Findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Hart Ruth I. , Ng Wan‐Fai , Newton Julia L. , Hackett Katie L. , Lee Richard P. , Thompson Ben
Published: November 2016

Objectives

Although fatigue is a common symptom for people with rheumatic diseases, limited support is available. This study explored the impact of written information about fatigue, focusing on a booklet, Fatigue and arthritis.

Methods

Thirteen patients with rheumatic disease and fatigue were recruited purposively from a rheumatology outpatient service. They were interviewed before and after receiving the fatigue booklet. Two patients, plus six professionals with relevant interests, participated in a focus group. Transcripts were analysed thematically and a descriptive summary was produced.

Results

Interviewees consistently reported that fatigue made life more challenging, and none had previously received any support to manage it. Reflecting on the booklet, most said that it had made a difference to how they thought about fatigue, and that this had been valuable. Around half also said that it had affected, or would affect, how they managed fatigue. No one reported any impact on fatigue itself. Comments from interviewees and focus group members alike suggested that the research process may have contributed to the changes in thought and behaviour reported. Its key contributions appear to have been: clarifying the booklet's relevance; prompting reflection on current management; and introducing accountability.

Conclusions

This study indicated that written information can make a difference to how people think about fatigue and may also prompt behaviour change. However, context appeared to be important: it seems likely that the research process played a part and that the impact of the booklet may have been less if read in isolation. Aspects of the research appearing to facilitate impact could be integrated into routine care, providing a pragmatic (relatively low‐cost) response to an unmet need.
A matrix rational Lanczos method for model reduction in large‐scale first‐ and second‐order dynamical systems
Authors: Barkouki H. , Bentbib A.H. , Jbilou K.
Published: November 2016

In the present paper, we describe an adaptive modified rational global Lanczos algorithm for model‐order reduction problems using multipoint moment matching‐based methods. The major problem of these methods is the selection of some interpolation points. We first propose a modified rational global Lanczos process and then we derive Lanczos‐like equations for the global case. Next, we propose adaptive techniques for choosing the interpolation points. Second‐order dynamical systems are also considered in this paper, and the adaptive modified rational global Lanczos algorithm is applied to an equivalent state space model. Finally, some numerical examples will be given.
Mixed Arlequin method for multiscale poromechanics problems
Authors: Sun WaiChing , Cai Zhijun , Choo Jinhyun
Published: November 2016

An Arlequin poromechanics model is introduced to simulate the hydro‐mechanical coupling effects of fluid‐infiltrated porous media across different spatial scales within a concurrent computational framework. A two‐field poromechanics problem is first recast as the twofold saddle point of an incremental energy functional. We then introduce Lagrange multipliers and compatibility energy functionals to enforce the weak compatibility of hydro‐mechanical responses in the overlapped domain. To examine the numerical stability of this hydro‐mechanical Arlequin model, we derive a necessary condition for stability, the twofold inf–sup condition for multi‐field problems, and establish a modified inf–sup test formulated in the product space of the solution field. We verify the implementation of the Arlequin poromechanics model through benchmark problems covering the entire range of drainage conditions. Through these numerical examples, we demonstrate the performance, robustness, and numerical stability of the Arlequin poromechanics model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current controversies in prenatal diagnosis 3: industry drives innovation in research and clinical application of genetic prenatal diagnosis and screening
Authors: Evans Mark I. , Vermeesch Joris Robert
Published: November 2016

What's already known about this topic?

Innovation and technological development have commonalities across all disciplines in terms of process, evaluation, and incorporation into use.

Many technologies have evolved through traditional methods such as research grant funding, individual, and multicenter trials, followed by eventual introduction into common practice. Others have been significantly sped up by industrial resources and drive.

What does this study adds?

The development of basic new concepts and procedures will very like continue to reside the academic environment.

As the pace of technological development has rapidly accelerated and academic support for such work has significantly diminished, corporate involvement, sponsorship, and partnering have become much more common and, particularly for laboratory techniques, are necessary to achieve progress at a rapid pace.

There is a balance that needs to be respected between the benefits and constraints of such industrial involvement that will require compromise on both sides to achieve an optimal environment.
Transcription factor proteomics—Tools, applications, and challenges
Authors: Simicevic Jovan , Deplancke Bart
Published: November 2016

Transcription factors (TFs) are a family of DNA‐binding proteins whose gene regulatory capabilities are of vital importance in defining the molecular state of a cell. Despite their biological significance, our understanding of TF behavior and function is still limited. This is because we have so far mostly relied on gene expression data to approximate TF protein levels given that the latter information has been notoriously difficult to obtain due to the relatively low expression levels of many TFs. However, significant advances in mass spectrometry technologies combined with the development of sensitive methodologies aimed at detecting TFs are now allowing a transition from a predominantly qualitative to a quantitative protein landscape. Such a paradigm shift is expected to unravel dynamic aspects of TF function, potentially linking TF copy number fluctuations in cells with specific regulatory functions. This in turn may provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying a wide range of fundamental and disease‐related biological processes. In this review, we will present the latest advances in mass spectrometry‐based TF proteomics and describe novel strategies tailored around the quantification of this important family of DNA‐binding proteins.
Oxidation of allenes bearing 1,8‐diphenoxy or diaryloxyacridene moieties
Authors: Fuku‐en Shin‐ichi , Yamamoto Junki , Furukawa Ko , Hashizume Daisuke , Kawata Naomi , Yamamoto Yohsuke
Published: November 2016

New allene compounds bearing 1,8‐diphenoxy or bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl) oxyacridene (diaryloxyacridene) moieties were synthesized. These compounds were more easily oxidized than Cl‐substituted compounds. The allene compounds were oxidized to generate thermally stable triplet carbenes. Electron spin resonance and electron spin transient nutation spectra of the oxidation reaction products suggested the generation of triplet species; however, the main isolated product from the 1,8‐diphenoxy allene was a cyclized compound that was characterized by X‐ray analysis. The product derived from diaryloxy allene was also characterized by X‐ray analysis as a singlet species, which included a vinyl cation stabilized by a neighboring O(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl) group. This singlet species was stable even at room temperature and did not show any electron spin resonance signals in solution, indicating that the triplet species was not in equilibrium with the singlet. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homogeneous CO2 conversion by microwave plasma: Wave propagation and diagnostics
Authors: den Harder Niek , van den Bekerom Dirk C. M. , Al Richard S. , Graswinckel Martijn F. , Palomares Jose M. , Peeters Floran J. J. , Ponduri Srinath , Minea Teofil , Bongers Waldo A. , van de Sanden Mauritius C. M. , van Rooij Gerard J.
Published: November 2016

A suite of diagnostics is proposed to characterize microwave plasma dissociation of CO2: laser scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and passive emission imaging. It provides a comprehensive performance characterization as is illustrated on the basis of experiments in a 2.45 GHz, 1 kW microwave reactor with tangential gas injection. For example, two operating regimes are identified as function of pressure: the diffuse and constricted plasma mode. Their occurrence is explained by evaluation of microwave propagation, which changes with the electron‐heavy particle collision frequency ve−h. In the diffuse mode, gas temperatures of 1500–3500 K are determined. The measured conversion degree, specific energy input, and temperature are summarized in a two‐temperature thermal model, which is solved to obtain the gas temperature at the periphery of the reactor and the size of the hot zone. Solutions are found with edge temperatures of hundreds of K, and hot zone fractions which agree with the measured behavior. The agreement shows that non‐thermal processes play only a marginal role in the measured parameter space of the diffuse discharge. In the constricted mode, the radial plasma size is independent of power. A skin depth equal to the plasma size corresponds to electron densities of 1018–1019 m−3. Temperatures in the central filament are in the range 3000–5000 K. Both discharge modes are up to 50% energy efficient in CO production. Rayleigh signals increase in the afterglow, hinting at rapid gas cooling assuming that the gas composition remains unchanged.
Ex situ and in situ sensitized quantum dot solar cells
Authors: Szemjonov Alexandra , Ithurria Sandrine , Dubertret Benoit , Ciofini Ilaria , Labat Frédéric , Pauporté Thierry
Published: November 2016

Although quantum dot‐sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) prepared with in situ sensitized wide‐band gap semiconductor nanorods are commonly reported, very few examples of the ex situ sensitization of these nanorods are known. They usually result in poor solar cell performance parameters. In this work, we have tested the photovoltaic application of both ex situ and in situ sensitized ZnO nanorods by linker‐assisted attachment and by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique, respectively. For the ex situ sensitization, instead of classical spherical QDs, we used quasi two‐dimensional CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) of controlled thicknesses, the photovoltaic application of which has never been reported before. Regarding the in situ sensitization, the photoanodes were characterized by XRD, UV–VIS absorption, and Raman spectroscopy during deposition, which helped to better understand the formation of CdSe QDs nanostructured ZnO surface. Devices incorporating in situ sensitized ZnO nanorods demonstrated superior performance compared to the best measured efficiencies of QDSCs prepared with ex situ sensitization, and their J–V characteristics were more reproducible.
Designing for Family Science Explorations Anytime, Anywhere
Authors: LUCE MEGAN R. , GOLDMAN SHELLEY , VEA TANNER
Published: November 2016

Families play an important role in informal science learning, but they may need supports for engaging in science that is exploratory, inquiry based, and builds on family practices. We designed resources that frame scientific sensemaking as an active and playful process of exploration in which family members are coparticipants. This approach contrasts with more traditional school‐like canonical patterns of engagement in family science conversations where adults state facts and provide explanations to children. TheAnytime, Anywhereresources were designed to locate phenomena of interest in outdoor settings and cue families about how they might engage playfully in exploration by using sensemaking activities and conversation starters. We analyzed families’ video‐recorded activities and interviews as they field‐tested the resources at a coastal beach. The analysis shows families engaged in three features of scientific sensemaking, both in response to our designed activities and spontaneously. They elicited ideas and mechanistic processes, made hypotheses, and experimented to test ideas. We propose emerging design recommendations forAnytime, Anywherefamily scientific sensemaking activities, which can inform learning design in a variety of settings.
Single‐Layer Ternary Chalcogenide Nanosheet as a Fluorescence‐Based “Capture‐Release” Biomolecular Nanosensor
Authors: Kenry  , Geldert Alisha , Lai Zhuangchai , Huang Ying , Yu Peng , Tan Chaoliang , Liu Zheng , Zhang Hua , Lim Chwee Teck
Published: November 2016

The novel application of two‐dimensional (2D) single‐layer ternary chalcogenide nanosheets as “capture‐release” fluorescence‐based biomolecular nanosensors is demonstrated. Fluorescently labeled biomolecular probe is first captured by the ultrathin Ta2NiS5 nanosheets and then released upon adding analyte containing a target biomolecule due to the higher probe‐target affinity. Here, the authors use a nucleic acid probe for the model target biomolecule Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase, which is an important malarial biomarker. The ultrathin Ta2NiS5 nanosheet serves as a highly efficient fluorescence quencher and the nanosensor developed from the nanosheet is highly sensitive and specific toward the target biomolecule. Apart from the specificity toward the target biomolecule in homogeneous solutions, the developed nanosensor is capable of detecting and differentiating the target in heterogeneous solutions consisting of either a mixture of biomolecules or serum, with exceptional specificity. The simplicity of the “capture‐release” method, by eliminating the need for preincubation of the probe with the test sample, may facilitate further development of portable and rapid biosensors. The authors anticipate that this ternary chalcogenide nanosheet‐based biomolecular nanosensor will be useful for the rapid detection and differentiation of a wide range of chemical and biological species.
Experimental study on seismic performance of steel plate reinforced concrete tubes under cyclic loading
Authors: Wang Bin , Jiang Huanjun
Published: November 2016

In recent years, steel plate reinforced concrete (SPRC) tubes have been applied in super‐tall buildings increasingly in China Mainland. However, there has been very limited information about the damage behavior of such kind of composite tube subjected to the earthquake. This paper presents the quasi‐static tests on three 1/5‐scaled specimens including one steel reinforced concrete tube and two SPRC tubes with different steel plate ratio designed according to the current design codes and engineering practice to evaluate their seismic performance under cyclic lateral loading. The damage modes, hysteretic behavior, strength, deformation capacity, strength and stiffness degradation, shear deformation, and strain distribution of the specimens are discussed. The test results show that compared with the steel reinforced concrete tube, the seismic performance of the SPRC tube is significantly enhanced, and the effect of steel plate ratio on the seismic performance of the SPRC tube is not significant. Because of the lateral restraint effect of the concrete on the steel plate, there is no buckling behavior in the steel plate during the whole loading process.
Online FERPA tutorials: Wrong interpretations
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: November 2016

In the past two months, we have looked at 58 colleges' online FERPA tutorial quiz questions (540 questions total). Although most of the interactive answers the colleges provided to the online tutorial questions were correct, there were instances where the answer to a question was either quasi‐correct or completely wrong. The subjects that garnered some questionable answers were: the student's right of nondisclosure (see Oct., Nov. columns), the student's right to inspect their education records (see Nov. column), and sole possession notes (see Nov. column).
Accuracy of ultrasound in prediction of rectosigmoid infiltration in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Zikan M. , Fischerova D. , Semeradova I. , Slama J. , Dundr P. , Weinberger V. , Dusek L. , Cibula D.
Published: November 2016

Objective

To examine prospectively the accuracy of ultrasound in predicting rectosigmoid tumor infiltration in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.

Methods

Patients referred for a suspicious pelvic mass between 2012 and 2014 were examined by ultrasound following the standard protocol for assessment of tumor infiltration. Of the 245 patients examined, 191 had proven ovarian cancer and underwent primary surgery and were included in the analysis. Patients with apparently benign or inoperable disease were excluded. Rectosigmoid infiltration was evaluated by histopathology or according to perioperative findings. Clinical, pathological and laboratory parameters were analyzed as factors potentially affecting the sensitivity and specificity of sonography.

Results

The sensitivity of ultrasound in detecting rectosigmoid infiltration in patients with ovarian cancer was 86.3%, with specificity of 95.8%, positive predictive value of 92.6%, negative predictive value of 91.9% and overall accuracy of 92.1%.

Conclusion

Ultrasound is a highly accurate method for detecting rectosigmoid tumor infiltration in ovarian cancer patients, and thus, can be used for planning adequate management, including patient consultation, surgical team planning, suitable operating time and postoperative care. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Monitoring the EU protected Geomalacus maculosus (Kerry Slug): what are the factors affecting catch returns in open and forested habitats?
Authors: Johnston Erin , Kindermann Gesche , O'Callaghan Jack , Burke Daniel , McLaughlin Cillian , Horgan Sinéad , Mc Donnell Rory , Williams Christopher , Gormally Michael
Published: November 2016

Geomalacus maculosus is a slug species protected under EU law with a distribution limited to the west of Ireland and north‐west Iberia. The species, originally thought to be limited within Ireland to deciduous woodland and peatland, has been found in a number of commercial conifer plantations since 2010. While forest managers are now required to incorporate the protection of the species where it is present, no clear species monitoring protocols are currently available. This study examines the efficacy of De Sangosse refuge traps across three habitats frequently associated with commercial forest plantations in Ireland and compares them with hand searching, a commonly used method for slug monitoring. Catch data during different seasons and under different weather conditions are also presented. Results indicate that autumn is the optimal time for sampling G. maculosus but avoiding extremes of hot or cold weather. While refuge traps placed at 1.5 m on trees in mature conifer plantations and directly on exposed rock in blanket peatlands result in significantly greater catches, hand searching is the most successful approach for clear‐fell areas. Hand searches in clear‐fell preceded by rain are likely to result in greater numbers caught. The results of this study form, for the first time, the basis for G. maculosus monitoring guidelines for forestry managers.
Amido‐Amine‐Based Cationic Gemini Surfactants: Thermal and Interfacial Properties and Interactions with Cationic Polyacrylamide
Authors: Shakil Hussain S. M. , Kamal Muhammad Shahzad , Sultan Abdullah S.
Published: November 2016

Experimental studies were conducted to investigate thermal and interfacial properties of two in‐house synthesized amido‐amine‐based cationic gemini surfactants namely: dodecanoic acid [3‐({4‐[(3‐dodecanoylamino‐propyl)‐dimethyl‐amino]‐butyl}‐dimethyl‐amino)‐propyl]‐amide dibromide (12‐4‐12) and dodecanoic acid [3‐({6‐[(3‐dodecanoylamino‐propyl)‐dimethyl‐amino]‐hexyl}‐dimethyl‐amino)‐propyl]‐amide dibromide (12‐6‐12). Thermogravimetric analysis showed the excellent thermal stability of surfactants and no structural degradation was observed at temperatures up to 250 °C. The long‐term thermal stability of the surfactants was investigated with the aid of spectroscopic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR (1H and13C) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Both surfactants were found to be thermally stable, and no changes in structure were observed after aging for 10 days at 90 °C. The interfacial tension of the surfactants was measured at three different temperatures (30, 60, and 80 °C), and the results showed a decrease in interfacial tension with increasing temperature and increasing spacer length of the surfactants. Rheological measurements were used to assess the interactions between the cationic gemini surfactant and cationic polyacrylamide. The addition of cationic surfactant reduced the viscosity and storage modulus of the polymer at low shear rate and frequency due to surfactant–polymer interactions and charge screening. The investigated surfactant–polymer system has great potential in high‐temperature carbonate reservoirs, where conventional anionic surfactants are not recommended due to high adsorption.
Quantification of Antioxidant Ability Against Lipid Peroxidation with an ‘Area Under Curve’ Approach
Authors: Bakır Temelkan , Sönmezoglu İnci , Apak Reşat
Published: November 2016

When oxygen is passed through a linoleic acid (LA) emulsion containing copper(II), primary (hydroperoxides) and secondary oxidation products (aldehydes and ketones) are formed, monitored by ferric thiocyanate (Fe(III)‐SCN) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) colorimetry, respectively. As total antioxidant capacity (TAC) against lipid peroxidation was not quantified before, both methods were adapted to an ‘area under curve (AUC)’ approach. LA peroxidation followed pseudo‐first order kinetics in aerated emulsions. Absorbance changes as a function of incubation time exhibited sigmoidal curves, enabling the calculation of ‘area under curve’ (AUC) and net AUC = AUCblank−AUCsample, standard calibration curve as net AUC versus concentration, and trolox‐equivalent antioxidant capacity of the tested compounds. Garlic extract showed an antioxidative effect on hydroperoxide formation, but a prooxidative effect on TBARS. Although inhibition of lipid peroxidation was described qualitatively before, it was not evaluated quantitatively, e.g., the trolox‐equivalent antioxidant capacities (TEAC values) of antioxidants with respect to their inhibitive effect against lipid peroxidation were not calculated and compared. Additionally, real‐time monitoring of lipid oxidation products requires highly sophisticated but costly instrumental techniques, but no single oxidation product is a direct measure of lipid oxidation or its antioxidative prevention. The AUC approach is the first quantitative method measuring antioxidant protection against lipid oxidation, with a slightly different order of antioxidative effectiveness from reductive assays because of interfacial effects.