bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Methods Used to Describe the Structure of Iron
Authors: Łosiewicz B. , Wala A. , Dercz Grzegorz , Popczyk Magdalena
Published: March 2015

The electrode processes are often studied on iron for the needs of hydrogen technologies. This paper presents the use of the resources of the “MicroScan” program in manual methods to determine the stereological parameters of the Armco iron. For this purpose, the average number of particles per one unit of the NAsurface area and the average surface area of the grains in the 〈A flat structure were determined, using the planimetric, the Jeffries and the comparative methods. The linear method was used to determine the average number of segments per one length unit of the NLstructure and the average length of the circuits of grains in the 〈L flat structure. It was found out that the mean values of the determined parameters were in line with the PN-84/H-04507 standard and small differences existing in the obtained results were due to the jumping character of the pattern scale of the mentioned standard. The relative error of the NAand A parameters indicates that the planimetric method allows to achieve the most accurate measurement of the size of the grain.
In Situ Structure-Sensitive Studies of Metal-Hydrogen Interactions by Scanning Kelvin Probe
Authors: Łosiewicz Bożena
Published: March 2015

Effect of hydrogen on metals is a complex phenomenon. The objective of this paper was to outline the recent application of scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) for a deeper understanding of nature and properties of metal-hydride system. SKP belongs to the family of scanning probe electrochemistry techniques (SPETs) that are currently used and developed. Different applications of SKP technique for hydrogen detection in metals, hydrogen permeation through metals with high local resolution, and quantitative analysis of hydrogen in materials, were presented. The emphasis in this work was on presenting specific applications of SKP rather than extensive reviews; details of how and why this technique is useful in research area was given.
Localized Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Studying the Corrosion Processes in a Nanoscale
Authors: Łosiewicz B. , Popczyk Magdalena , Smołka Agnieszka , Szklarska Magdalena , Osak Patrycja , Budniok A.
Published: March 2015

This work deals with localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS) which is an improved technique of the commonly used electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Thanks to modern structural solutions, the LEIS technique ensures local impedance measurement. Therefore, it is used in the research into point corrosion, such as the pitting corrosion, and in the research into protective coatings or into alloys including alloy steels. This review paper presents the basic theory and the usability of the LEIS based on the literature on the newest research in the field of corrosion.
Physical and Chemical Characterization of Ni+MoO2 Composite Electrocoatings
Authors: Łosiewicz B. , Dercz Grzegorz , Popczyk Magdalena
Published: March 2015

This work deals with the development of new electrochemical ways to improve the cathode activity towards hydrogen evolution reaction. Anin situcomposite electrodeposition technique has been proposed to obtain the porous Ni+MoO2coatings by simultaneous co-deposition of Ni and MoO2onto a Cu substrate from a nickel plating bath containing 10 g dm-3of MoO2powder suspended by magnetic stirring. Electrodeposition was conducted at 30°C at the deposition current density ofjd= 50-250 mA cm-2. SEM, EDS, and XRD measurements, were applied for physical and chemical characterization of the obtained coatings. It was found that by controlling the deposition conditions it was possible to obtain porous Ni+MoO2coatings containing from 10 to 15 at.% of MoO2. The XRD results confirmed their diphase structure with a polycrystalline Ni matrix into which a crystalline component in the form of MoO2particles was built-in.
CD28 Promotes Plasma Cell Survival, Sustained Antibody Responses, and BLIMP-1 Upregulation through Its Distal PYAP Proline Motif
Authors: Rozanski Cheryl H. , Utley Adam , Carlson Louise M. , Farren Matthew R. , Murray Megan , Russell Lisa M. , Nair Jayakumar R. , Yang ZhengYu , Brady William , Garrett-Sinha Lee Ann , Schoenberger Stephen P. , Green Jonathan M. , Boise Lawrence H. , Lee Kelvin P.
Published: April 2015

In health, long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) are essential for durable protective humoral immunity, and, conversely, in disease are a major source of pathogenic Abs in autoimmunity, graft rejection, and allergy. However, the molecular basis for their longevity is largely unknown. We have recently found that CD28 signaling in plasma cells (PC) is essential for sustaining Ab titers, by supporting the survival of LLPC, but not short-lived PC (SLPC). We now find that, unlike SLPC, CD28 activation in LLPC induces prosurvival downstream Vav signaling. Knockin mice with CD28 cytoplasmic tail mutations that abrogate Vav signaling (CD28-AYAA) had significantly fewer LLPC but unaffected SLPC numbers, whereas mice with mutations that abrogate PI3K signaling (CD28-Y170F) were indistinguishable from wild-type controls. This was consistent with the loss of CD28’s prosurvival effect in LLPC from CD28-AYAA, but not CD28-Y170F, mice. Furthermore, the CD28 Vav motif in the B lineage was essential for the long-term maintenance of Ag-specific LLPC populations and Ab titers in vivo. Signaling downstream of the CD28 Vav motif induced previously undescribed transcriptional regulation of B lymphocyte–induced maturation protein-1, a key mediator of PC differentiation and maintenance. These findings suggest CD28 signaling in LLPC modulates the central B lymphocyte–induced maturation protein-1 transcriptional nexus involved in long-term survival and function.
Bilateral Inguinal Hernias Containing Ovaries
Authors: Basrur Gurudutt Bhaskar
Published: March 2015

Inguinal hernias are rare in females. The authors report a case of bilateral inguinal hernias in a 10-year-old female. On exploration, the patient was found to be having a sliding hernia containing incarcerated ovary as contents on both sides. Peroperatively the contents were reduced, the sac was transfixed at its base and the redundant sac was excised. The repair of this form of hernias is more difficult because of adhesions between the contents and the wall of the sac and risk of damage during dissection. A description of this clinical presentation in the pre operative assessment and operative management are discussed in this report.
Managing a live music performance: A supply-side analysis
Authors: Manners Bianca , Saayman Melville , Kruger Martinette
Published: March 2015

Purpose and objective: The purpose of this research is to determine what managers regard as important critical success factors in ensuring a memorable visitor experience at a live music performance.Problem investigated: When organising a live music performance, it is evident that the various characteristics that form part of the visitor experience have to be considered. The critical success factors of live music performances from the supply side are fundamental, since the costs of organising live music performances are high, the needs of the visitors are constantly changing and competition plays a major role in the success of such events. Management furthermore constantly needs to be aware of the ever-changing external environment by determining what factors visitors consider to be vital for a rewarding experience at a major music event. This is extremely important since the concept of experience has become more pervasive, mainly given that the event sector, such as live music performances, has adopted experience as a tool to make individual businesses more competitive, as the organisations operating within this sector exist to provide consumers with an experience.Design and/or methodology and/or approach: A qualitative research method, by means of interviews, was used to obtain the relevant information from the selected participants. All the data collected in the process were transcribed into text and presented in narrative form. The six steps of data analysis and interpretation were applied to analyse the data.Findings and impications: The following four major themes emerged from the analysis; each theme was differentiated in terms of various categories and subcategories. Theme 1:The most important aspects for a memorable visitor experience; Theme 2:Main purpose when organising a live music performance; Theme 3:Important aspects regarding the management of a live music performance; Theme 4:Timing of event management. Based on the research conducted on the critical success factors from a supply side, the following findings emerged. Firstly, it is evident that the critical success factors differ significantly from one tourism sector to another. Therefore, more qualitative research should be applied with regard to critical success factors in other tourism operations. Secondly, comparing the results of the qualitative research reveals significantly more in-depth information than those of the various quantitative research studies conducted on critical success factors. Thirdly, it is evident that the pre-event, during-event and post-event planning phases differ from event to event. Lastly, it is evident that there is no common guideline with regard to creating a memorable visitor experience.Conclusion: Determining the critical success factors for memorable live music performances (from the supply side) in South Africa enables management to improve the current management plans in order to ensure an outstanding memorable visitor experience whilst also improving the overall success rate.
Living in the not-yet
Authors: Wooldridge Darryl , Lioy Daniel
Published: March 2015

This article is derivative of a larger study that discusses God as the centre of an often inarticulate, innate human desire and pursuit to enjoy and reflect the divine image in which every human being was created. The purpose of this article is to affirm the human elemental pursuit, as God’s intent, to fulfil this created, intrinsic human desire in the now, or what is referred to here as proleptic, spiritual transformation (PrōST). Moreover, the primary aim of this article suggests investigation of whether individuals must wait for the afterlife to have purification and spiritual transformation fully or largely ‘worked out’. That is, the eventual would demonstrate that PrōST, an experience of transformation and kingdom life, usually reserved for heaven in eternity, is greatly available today.
What is ‘the sign of the Son of man in heaven’ (Mt 24:30)?
Authors: Nel Marius
Published: March 2015

What does the ‘sign of the Son of man in heaven’ in Matthew 24:30 denote? In broad terms, there are two ways to interpret the phrase. Firstly, that the coming of the Son of man in the clouds is the ‘sign of the Son of man’ and the phrase explains the sign, much like lightning is depicted as a sign in Matthew 24:27. Secondly, the sign is interpreted in terms of various objects that will precede the coming of the Son of man. What is the significance of the term, ‘the signof the Son of man?’ In the discussion the phrase juxtaposed with its context in the Gospel, the apocalyptic discourse with its judgement on the established religious institution of the Jews as represented by the temple in Jerusalem, before its exegesis is discussed. The purpose is to describe the possible denotations for ‘the sign in heaven of the Son of man’.Wat is ‘die teken van die Seun van die mens’ in die hemel (Matt 24:30)? Waarop dui die ‘teken van die Seun van die mens in die hemel’ in Mattheus 24:30? Breedweg is daar twee maniere om die frase te interpreteer. In die eerste plek is die koms van die Seun van die mens in die wolke die ‘teken van die Seun van die mens’; die frase verduidelik die teken soos weerlig as ’n teken soos dit in Mattheus 24:27 gebruik word. Tweedens kan die teken geïnterpreteer word ten opsigte van die verskillende voorwerpe wat die koms van die Seun van die mens voorafgaan. Wat is die betekenis van die term, ‘die tekenvan die Seun van die mens?’ In die bespreking word die frase teenoor sy konteks in die Evangelie geplaas, naamlik Jesus se apokaliptiese diskoers met sy oordeel oor die gevestigde godsdienstige instelling van die Jode soos deur die tempel in Jerusalem verteenwoordig is. Hierna word die eksegese van die teks bespreek. Die doel is om die moontlike denotasies van ‘die teken in die hemel van die Seun van die mens’ te beskryf.
Clofarabine associated capillary leak syndrome in a child with lymphoma successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: Kesik Vural , Atas Erman , Korkmazer Nadir , Babacan Oguzhan
Published: March 2015

Clofarabine is an effective drug in relapsed leukemia and lymphoma that has some adverse effects which can be fatal like capillary leak syndrome (CLS). Identification and management of CLS is important that may result in mortality. Although prophylactic treatment with steroids may prevent CLS and improve survival, intravenous immunoglobulins are used in the treatment with great success in steroid resistant cases. However, the knowledge about the effects and the dose of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) in pediatric patients is limited. Herein, we reported a patient with relapsed lymphoma who developed CLS successfully and was treated with IVIG.
Retroperitoneal Endometriosis: A Possible Cause of False Positive Finding at 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
Authors: Maffione Anna , Panzavolta Riccardo , Lisato Laura , Ballotta Maria , D′Isanto Mariangela , Rubello Domenico
Published: March 2015

Endometriosis is a frequent and clinically relevant problem in young women. Laparoscopy is still the gold standard for the diagnosis of endometriosis, but frequently both morphologic and functional imaging techniques are involved in the diagnostic course before achieving a conclusive diagnosis. We present a case of a patient affected by infiltrating retroperitoneal endometriosis falsely interpreted as a malignant mass by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.
A Comprehensive Software and Database Management System for Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimation by Radionuclide Plasma Sampling and Serum Creatinine Methods
Authors: Jha Ashish
Published: March 2015

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation by plasma sampling method is considered as the gold standard. However, this method is not widely used because the complex technique and cumbersome calculations coupled with the lack of availability of user-friendly software. The routinely used Serum Creatinine method (SrCrM) of GFR estimation also requires the use of online calculators which cannot be used without internet access. We have developed user-friendly software "GFR estimation software" which gives the options to estimate GFR by plasma sampling method as well as SrCrM. We have used Microsoft Windows; as operating system and Visual Basic 6.0 as the front end and Microsoft Access; as database tool to develop this software. We have used Russell′s formula for GFR calculation by plasma sampling method. GFR calculations using serum creatinine have been done using MIRD, Cockcroft-Gault method, Schwartz method, and Counahan-Barratt methods. The developed software is performing mathematical calculations correctly and is user-friendly. This software also enables storage and easy retrieval of the raw data, patient′s information and calculated GFR for further processing and comparison. This is user-friendly software to calculate the GFR by various plasma sampling method and blood parameter. This software is also a good system for storing the raw and processed data for future analysis.
Respiratory complications in the early post-operative period following elective craniotomies
Authors: Bharati Sachidanand , Pandia Mihir , Rath Girija , Bithal Parmod , Dash Hari
Published: March 2015

Background and Aims: Respiratory complications are of major concern after intracranial procedures. The objective of the study was to assess the incidence of respiratory complications in the initial 72 hours after elective craniotomies and to identify the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: Patients undergoing elective craniotomies were studied prospectively. Information pertinent to history, physical examinations, investigation reports, perioperative events and outcome at discharge of the patients were recorded. Occurrence of any sign or symptom of respiratory system, need for reintubation/increased ventilatory support within 72 hours of surgery were considered as post-operative respiratory complication. Relationships of numerical variables and categorical variables with post-operative respiratory complications (PRCs) were assessed via T test and Chi-square (or Fisher’s exact). Multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression was performed for finding independent risk factors for respiratory complications. Results: Out of 961 patients, 137 (14.3%) patients developed PRC within 72 hours of surgery. Ninety-nine (10.3%) patients developed purulent tracheobronchitis. The patients who had PRC had longer hospital stays and poor Glasgow Outcome Scale at hospital discharge. The variables found as independent risk factors were tachycardia, blood transfusion in the intraoperative period and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) deterioration, hypokalemia and fever in the post-operative period. Conclusions: Respiratory complications within first 72 hours of elective craniotomies were common and were associated with prolonged hospital stay and poor neurological outcome. The variables which were found as independent risk factors were tachycardia, blood transfusion in the intraoperative period and GCS deterioration, hypokalemia and fever in the post-operative period.
Unusual association between spinal cord tumour and perioperative arrhythmia
Authors: Chauhan Vikas , Bindra Ashish , Bithal Parmod
Published: March 2015

There are multiple causes of perioperative arrhythmias. Some have underlying cardiac disease while others accompany systemic pathology. Use of anaesthetic agents in the intraoperative period is also a known cause of rhythm abnormalities. Preoperative benign arrhythmias may progress to serious ones in intraoperative period. The trigger may be a transient insult such as hypoxemia, cardiac ischaemia, catecholamine excess or electrolyte abnormality. Thus, presence of arrthymia in the preoperative period adds to preoperative work-up and especially in the elective surgery settings, they call for additional opinion and patient evaluation. However, not all arryhthmias are amenable to drug treatment and modalities like pacing, some require just careful watch in the perioperative period. We report a patient with thoracic intramedullary space occupying lesion who presented to us with multiple ventricular ectopics on electrocardiography, which eventually disappeared with tumour removal. The case highlights the association of multiple ectopics with spinal tumour and their management.
Anaesthetic implications in a patient with Morquio A syndrome
Authors: Mahajan Charu , Adarsha K. , Jena Bhagya , Gupta Devendra , Srivastava Shashi
Published: March 2015

In patients with Morquio A syndrome, almost all the systems of body are affected and this has a bearing on their anaesthetic management. Herein, we describe the management of child with Morquio A syndrome with atlanto-axial dislocation who underwent posterior fixation under general anaesthesia.
Maffucci syndrome: Anaesthetic management and review of literature
Authors: Singh Gyaninder , Bindu Barkha , Pandia Mihir , Bithal Parmod
Published: March 2015

Maffucci syndrome is a rare, nonhereditary disorder manifesting early in life. The syndrome is characterized by presence of multiple hemangiomas and enchondromas mostly affecting the extremities. Haemangiomas are usually cutaneous, but may sometimes be visceral as well. Enchondromas commonly affect the long bones of the extremities. However, other areas including skull, ribs, vertebrae, larynx and trachea may also be involved. The presence of these lesions in the trachea and/or oropharynx may compromise the airway and cause difficulty during tracheal intubation. Complete airway examination and investigation is important to rule out any such lesion in a patient of Maffucci syndrome before planning for general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation.
RNA-Seq and Network Analysis Revealed Interacting Pathways in TGF-β-Treated Lung Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Li Yan , Rouhi Omid , Chen Hankui , Ramirez Rolando , Borgia Jeffrey A. , Deng Youping
Published: April 2015

Whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a useful tool for analyzing the transcriptome of a biological sample. With appropriate statistical and bioinformatic processing, this platform is capable of identifying significant differences in gene expression within the transcriptome and permits pathway and network analyses to determine how these genes interact biologically. In this study, we examined gene expression in two lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (H358 and A459) that were treated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as a model for induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), commonly associated with disease progression. We performed this study in order to illustrate a workflow for identifying interesting genes and processes that are regulated early in EMT and to determine their gene pathway/network relationships and regulation. With this, we identified 137 upregulated and 32 downregulated genes common to both cell lines after TGF-β treatment that represent components of multiple canonical pathways and biological networks associated with the induction of EMT. These findings were also verified against reposited Affymetrix U133a expression profiles from multiple trials examining metastatic progression in patient cohorts ( n = 731 total) to further establish the clinical relevance and translational significance of the model system. Together, these findings help validate the relevance of the TGF-β model for the study of EMT and provide new insights into early events in EMT.
Интерполяционная задача в классе целых функций нулевого порядка
Authors: Bozhenko Oksana Anatol'evna , Grishin Anatoly Filippovich , Malyutin Konstantin Gennadyevich
Published: March 2015

Получены два критерия разрешимости задачи простой свободной интерполяции в классе целых функций заранее не фиксированного конечного типа относительно нулевого уточненного порядка $\rho(r)$, на который налагается только естественное ограничение, связанное с отличием рассматриваемого класса от
множества полиномов. Один из критериев сформулирован в терминах меры, порожденной узлами интерполяции, другой - в терминах канонического произведения, порожденного этими узлами.
Библиография: 9 наименований.
Medical Management of Dysfunctional Menorrhagia: Is Ormeloxifene a Safe and Efficacious Therapeutic Choice?
Authors: Gupta Nidhi
Published: March 2015

Objective

To assess the efficacy and safety of ormeloxifene (centchroman) in the medical management of menorrhagia.

Materials and methods

One hundred and twenty women with menorrhagia were recruited for the study. One hundred women were analyzed. Ormeloxifene was given to each patient— 60 mg twice a week for 3 months and then once a week for 1 month. Patients were followed up at 2, 4, 6 months of therapy, then at 6 months after treatment was stopped. Menstrual blood loss (MBL) was measured objectively by a pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) score and subjectively by a visual analog scale (VAS).

Results

The mean age of the patients was 38.2 years with a mean parity of 2.4. The mean duration of menorrhagia was 13 months with 8 days as mean duration of bleeding and a mean cycle length of 26 days. 58.7% of the patients had bulky uterus on per vaginum examination done by the same observer. The mean endometrial thickness on transvaginal scan was 8.7 mm. The different study parameters were evaluated in patients treated with ormeloxifene and it showed a significant reduction in median PBAC score from 252 to 102.8, presence of clots from 64 to 12%, incidence of dysmenorrhea from 22 to 8% and mean endometrial thickness from 9.7 to 6.7 mm. There was also a significant elevation in the mean hemoglobin levels from 8.85 gm/dl to 10.6 gm/dl. The menstrual pattern of patients treated with ormeloxifene were encouraging. Eight percent of the women became ammenorhoeic after 6 months of therapy, 22% had scanty period, 56% had average flow, 12% had heavy from and only 2% had very heavy flow. It was further seen, that even though the PBAC score increased to 112.7 after stopping treatment for 6 months, but still it was lower than the pretreatment level (252). The percentage of patients who had an initial history of passage of clots during periods decreased from 64 to 12% and also 22% of patients who complained of mild to severe dysmenorrhea improved and only 8% of the patients complained of mild dysmenorrhea.

Adverse effects

Included ovarian cyst (14%), cervical erosion and discharge (11%), gastric upset (9%), headache (5%) and weight gain (3%).

Conclusion

Ormeloxifene is an effective and safe therapeutic option for the medical management of menorrhagia.

How to cite this article

Gupta N. Medical Management of Dysfunctional Menorrhagia: Is Ormeloxifene a Safe and Efficacious Therapeutic Choice? J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2014;2(2):65-70.
Rice Grain in Uterine Cavity: Rare Presentations in Rural Nepalese Postmenopausal Farmer with Uterovaginal Prolapse
Authors: Baral Josei , Rana Ashma , Gurung Geeta
Published: March 2015

Background

Foreign bodies are less common in uterine cavity than vagina, and are less frequently seen in older women than prepubertal or premenarchal girls. When found in the uterus, these foreign bodies are usually forgotten intrauterine contraceptive device or retained fetal bones, objects which were introduced in the former case or the remnants of conceptus parts that was inadvertently retained as in the latter circumstances. Here, we are going to concentrate in foreign body that made its way into the uterine cavity unaided.

Aim

To study rice grain as retained intrauterine foreign body in women with prolapsed uterus.

Methods

Collection of series of cases of rice grain in the uterine cavity of women exposed to vaginal hysterectomy and pelvic floor repair for uterine prolapse from the year 2004 till date, from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Results

The rice grains as foreign body were entirely seen in postmenopausal multiparous women with the long standing cases of major degree of uterovaginal prolapse, chronicity affirmed by cervical hypertrophy and keratinization. These intrauterine rice grains, 1 to 3 in numbers were found at various level within the uterine cavity with resultant pyometra formation and urinary retention posing surgical difficulties in two cases.

Conclusion

Possibilities of rice grain as foreign body must be kept in mind in the complicated cases of uterovaginal prolapse posted for hysterectomy.

How to cite this article

Baral J, Rana A, Gurung G. Rice Grain in Uterine Cavity: Rare Presentations in Rural Nepalese Postmenopausal Farmer with Uterovaginal Prolapse. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2014;2(2):79-82.
Urinary Incontinence: The Distressing Problem
Authors: Agrawal Neha
Published: March 2015

The prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) in India is as high as 30%. Since, patients do not directly report the problem of incontinence leading questions regarding incontinence should be a routine part of history taking in gynecology.

Older patients may assume that UI is a normal consequence of aging. Incontinence is not a normal part of ageing, but it becomes a clinical problem in ageing women due to trauma of child birth, acute and chronic illnesses, loss of estrogenic stimulation at menopause and weaker pelvic support.

A stepped management strategy is recommended beginning with lifestyle modification, then behavioral therapy, then medications and finally surgery. First-line treatment to women with stress or mixed UI is pelvic floor exercises.1

Bladder training lasting for a minimum of 6 weeks should be offered as first-line treatment to women with urge or mixed UI. Most urinary incontinence can be evaluated and treated in the primary care setting after careful history and simple clinical assessment. Initial treatment, for both urge urinary incontinence and stress urinary incontinence, is lifestyle modification and pelvic floor muscle treatment. Urinary urgency responds to bladder training and pharmacotherapy with anticholinergic medication. Pharmacotherapy has a limited place in stress incontinence.

How to cite this article

Singh S, Garg R, Agrawal P, Agrawal N. Urinary Incontinence: The Distressing Problem. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2014;2(2):83-86.
Managing Vasomotor Symptoms in Menopausal Women
Authors: Tandon Amit , Jain Meenal , Kumari S Shantha
Published: March 2015

Patients usually under-report symptoms of incontinence. Therefore, improved physician-patient communication is vital. Most urinary incontinence can be evaluated and treated after careful history and simple clinical assessment. Initial treatment, for both urge urinary incontinence and stress urinary incontinence, is lifestyle modification and pelvic floor muscle exercises. Urgency responds to bladder training and drug therapy with anticholinergic medication. Pharmacotherapy has a limited place in stress incontinence.

How to cite this article

Malhotra J, Garg R, Kumari SS, Tandon A, Jain M, Malhotra N. Managing Vasomotor Symptoms in Menopausal Women. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2014;2(2):87-90.
A Rare Case of Trocar Site Endometriosis managed Laparoscopically
Authors: Ghoshal Soma , Manjula BC , Mittal Anushree
Published: March 2015

Abdominal wall endometriosis, also known as scar endometriosis, is extremely rare and mainly occurs at surgical scar sites. To our knowledge, 15 case reports related to trocar site endometriosis have been published in the English language and literature to date. The traditional age old management of scar endometriosis has been wide local excision leaving a healthy margin, but recently laparoscopy has emerged out to be the management of choice even in cases of scar endometriosis. Herein, we present the case of a 39-year-old woman (who had been previously operated on for left ovarian endometrioma 11 years ago by laparoscopy) with the complaint of a painful mass at the right suprapubic trocar site in a cyclic pattern. Consequently, the scar endometriosis was excised laparoscopically, following which the patient was completely relieved of her symptoms.

How to cite this article

Mittal A, Manchanda R, Manjula BC, Ghoshal S. A Rare Case of Trocar Site Endometriosis managed Laparoscopically. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2014;2(2):91-94.
Intrapartum Vaginal Myomectomy of a Prolapsed Cervical Fibroid
Authors: Nanda Anuja , Gupta Vineeta , Kumari Nidhi , Srivastava Madhuri
Published: March 2015

Cervical and vaginal fibroid may be seen in less than 1% of the pregnant women. During labor, they may be responsible for obstruction or cervical dystocia. Usually in such cases, cesarean section is done to deliver the baby. An extensive literature search has shown only few case reports outlining vaginal myomectomy of a prolapsed cervical fibroid during pregnancy and none during labor. We are reporting a case of cervical fibroid which prolapsed outside the introitus during early labor resulting in obstructed labor for which intrapartum vaginal myomectomy was done to facilitate vaginal breech delivery.

How to cite this article

Gupta V, Kumari N, Srivastava M, Nanda A. Intrapartum Vaginal Myomectomy of a Prolapsed Cervical Fibroid. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2014; 2(2):99-100.
A Case Report of Ovarian Fibrothecoma mistaken for a Fibroid
Authors: Rani G Usha , Syamala O , LNU Rukshana , LNU Amulya
Published: March 2015

How to cite this article

Rukshana, Amulya, Syamala O, Rani GU. A Case Report of Ovarian Fibrothecoma mistaken for a Fibroid. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2014;2(2):101.
Ureterovaginal Fistula after Use of Harmonic Scalpel in Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: Possible Causes and Successful Management
Authors: Arpita De , Sharma Archana
Published: March 2015

We report a case of a woman presenting with continuous dribbling of urine since her total laparoscopic hysterectomy with harmonic scalpel three months back. A clinical examination, three swab test and IVP confirmed a left sided uretrovaginal fistula. A ureteroneocystostomy was done and she recovered full bladder control. In this case we try to find the reasons and the finer points of harmonic use to prevent such an injury.

How to cite this article

Arpita D, Sharma A. Ureterovaginal Fistula after use of Harmonic Scalpel in Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: Possible Causes and Successful Management. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2014;2(2):111-112.
Youssef's Syndrome
Authors: Nath Prakash Kumar , Samal Mamata , Mohanta Chintamani , Mahapatra Sanjaya
Published: March 2015

Vesicouterine fistula (Youssef's syndrome), a rare complication of cesarean section is presented. A 35-year-old female had vesicouterine fistula with symptoms of apparent amenorrhea, cyclic hematuria and meconuria following cesarean section. The patient was treated by abdominal hysterectomy and the fistula tract was repaired.

How to cite this article

Nath PK, Samal M, Pradhan K, Mohanta C, Mahapatra S. Youssef's Syndrome. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2014;2(2):113-114.
A Match-based approach to the estimation of polar stratospheric ozone loss using Aura Microwave Limb Sounder observations
Authors: Livesey N. J. , Santee M. L. , Manney G. L.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The well-established "Match" approach to quantifying chemical destruction of ozone in the polar lower stratosphere is applied to ozone observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on NASA's Aura spacecraft. Quantification of ozone loss requires distinguishing transport- and chemically induced changes in ozone abundance. This is accomplished in the Match approach by examining cases where trajectories indicate that the same airmass has been observed on multiple occasions. The method was pioneered using ozone sonde observations, for which hundreds of matched ozone observations per winter are typically available. The dense coverage of the MLS measurements, particularly at polar latitudes, allows matches to be made to thousands of observations each day. This study is enabled by recently developed MLS Lagrangian Trajectory Diagnostic (LTD) support products. Sensitivity studies indicate that the largest influence on the ozone loss estimates are the value of potential vorticity (PV) used to define the edge of the polar vortex (within which matched observations must lie) and the degree to which the PV of an airmass is allowed to vary between matched observations. Applying Match calculations to MLS observations of nitrous oxide, a long-lived tracer whose expected rate of change on these timescales is negligible, enables quantification of the impact of transport errors on the Match-based ozone loss estimates. Our loss estimates are generally in agreement with previous estimates for selected Arctic winters, though indicating smaller losses than many other studies. Arctic ozone losses are greatest during the 2010/11 winter, as seen in prior studies, with 2.0 ppmv (parts per million by volume) loss estimated at 450 K potential temperature. As expected, Antarctic winter ozone losses are consistently greater than those for the Arctic, with less interannual variability (e.g., ranging between 2.3 and 3.0 ppmv at 450 K). This study exemplifies the insights into atmospheric processes that can be obtained by applying the Match methodology to a densely sampled observation record such as that from Aura MLS.
A method for merging nadir-sounding climate records, with an application to the global-mean stratospheric temperature data sets from SSU and AMSU
Authors: McLandress C. , Shepherd T. G. , Jonsson A. I. , von Clarmann T. , Funke B.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. A method is proposed for merging different nadir-sounding climate data records using measurements from high resolution limb sounders to provide a transfer function between the different nadir measurements. The nadir-sounding records need not be overlapping so long as the limb-sounding record bridges between them. The method is applied to global mean stratospheric temperatures from the NOAA Climate Data Records based on the Stratospheric Sounding Unit (SSU) and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU), extending the SSU record forward in time to yield a continuous data set from 1979 to present. SSU and AMSU are bridged using temperature measurements from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), which is of high enough vertical resolution to accurately represent the weighting functions of both SSU and AMSU. For this application, a purely statistical approach is not viable since the different nadir channels are not sufficiently linearly independent, statistically speaking. The extended SSU global-mean data set is in good agreement with temperatures from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite, with both exhibiting a cooling trend of ~ 0.6 ± 0.3 K decade−1 in the upper stratosphere from 2004–2012. The extended SSU data set also compares well with chemistry-climate model simulations over its entire record, including the contrast between the weak cooling seen over 1995–2004 compared with the large cooling seen in the period 1986–1995 of strong ozone depletion.
Size-resolved source apportionment of particulate matter in urban Beijing during haze and non-haze episodes
Authors: Tian S. L. , Pan Y. P. , Wang Y. S.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. More size-resolved chemical information is needed before the physicochemical characteristics and sources of airborne particles can be understood, but this information remains unavailable in most regions of China due to a paucity of measurement data. In this study, we report a one-year observation of various chemical species in size-segregated particle samples collected in urban Beijing, a mega city that experiences severe haze episodes. In addition to fine particles, the measured particle size distributions showed high concentrations of coarse particles during the haze periods. The abundance and chemical compositions of the particles in this study were temporally and spatially variable, with major contributions from organic matter and secondary inorganic aerosols. The contribution of the organic matter to the mass decreased from 37.9 to 33.1%, whereas the total contribution of SO42−, NO3− and NH4+ increased from 19.1 to 32.3% on non-haze and haze days, respectively. Due to heterogeneous reactions and hygroscopic growth, the peaks in the size distributions of organic carbon, SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, Cl−, K+ and Cu shifted from 0.43–0.65 μm on non-haze days to 0.65–1.1 μm on haze days. Although the size distributions are similar for the heavy metals Pb, Cd and Tl during the observation period, their concentrations increased by a factor of more than 1.5 on haze days compared with non-haze days. We found that NH4+ with a size range of 0.43–0.65 μm, SO42− and NO3− with a size range of 0.65–1.1 μm and Ca2+ with a size range of 5.8–9 μm as well as the meteorological factors of relative humidity and wind speed were responsible for the haze pollution when the visibility was less than 15 km. Source apportionment using positive matrix factorization identified six common sources: secondary inorganic aerosols (26.1% for fine particles vs. 9.5% for coarse particles), coal combustion (19 vs. 23.6%), primary emissions from vehicles (5.9 vs. 8.0%), biomass burning (8.5 vs. 2.9%), industrial pollution (6.3 vs. 8.5%) and mineral dust (16.1 vs. 35.1%). The first four factors were higher on haze days, while the latter factors were higher on non-haze days. The sources generally increased with decreasing size with the exception of mineral dust. However, two peaks were consistently found in the fine and coarse particles. The contributing sources also varied with the wind direction; coal and oil combustion products increased during southern flows, indicating that any mitigation strategy should consider the wind pattern, especially during the haze periods. The findings indicated that the PM2.5-based dataset is insufficient for the Chinese source control policy, and detailed size-resolved information is urgently needed to characterize the important sources in urban regions and better understand severe haze pollution.
Aerosol mass spectrometry: particle–vaporizer interactions and their consequences for the measurements
Authors: Drewnick F. , Diesch J.-M. , Faber P. , Borrmann S.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) is a frequently used instrument for on-line measurement of the ambient sub-micron aerosol composition. With the help of calibrations and a number of assumptions on the flash vaporization and electron impact ionization processes this instrument provides robust quantitative information on various ambient aerosol components. However, when measuring close to certain anthropogenic sources or in marine environments, several of these assumptions may not be met and measurement results might easily be misinterpreted. Here we discuss various aspects of the interaction of aerosol particles with the AMS tungsten vaporizer and the consequences for the measurement results: semi-refractory components, i.e. components that vaporize but do not flash vaporize at the vaporizer and ionizer temperatures, like metal halides (e.g. chlorides, bromides or iodides of Al, Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Na, Pb, Sr, Zn) can be measured semi-quantitatively despite their relatively slow vaporization from the vaporizer. Even though non-refractory components (e.g. NH4NO3 or (NH4)2SO4) vaporize quickly, their differences in vaporization kinetics can result in undesired biases in ion collection efficiency in the measurements. Chemical reactions with water vapor and oxygen from the aerosol flow can have an influence on the mass spectra for certain components (e.g. NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, organic species). Finally, chemical reactions of the aerosol with the vaporizer surface can result in additional signals in the mass spectra (e.g. WO2C2-related signals from particulate Cl) and in conditioning or contamination of the vaporizer with potential memory effects influencing the mass spectra of subsequent measurements. Laboratory experiments that investigate these particle–vaporizer interactions are presented and are discussed together with field results showing that measurements of typical continental or urban aerosols are not significantly affected while laboratory experiments, measurements close to anthropogenic sources or in marine environments can be biased by these effects.
Retrieval of vertical profiles of atmospheric refraction angles by inversion of optical dilution measurements
Authors: Fussen D. , Tétard C. , Dekemper E. , Pieroux D. , Mateshvili N. , Vanhellemont F. , Franssens G. , Demoulin P.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. In this paper, we show how the usual change of tangent altitude associated with atmospheric refraction is inseparably connected to a variation of the observed apparent intensity, for extended and pointlike sources. We demonstrate, in the regime of weak refraction angles, that atmospheric optical dilution and image deformation are strictly concomitant. The approach leads to the integration of a simple differential equation related to the observed transmittance in the absence of other absorbing molecules along the optical path. We successfully applied the proposed method to the measurements performed by two past occultation experiments: GOMOS for stellar and ORA for solar occultations. The developed algorithm (named ARID) will be applied to the imaging of solar occultations in a forthcoming pico-satellite mission.
The greenhouse gas balance of a drained fen peatland is mainly controlled by land-use rather than soil organic carbon content
Authors: Eickenscheidt T. , Heinichen J. , Drösler M.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Drained organic soils are considered as hotspots for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Particularly arable lands and intensively used grasslands have been regarded as the main producers of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O). However, GHG balances of former peatlands and associated organic soils not considered as peatland according to the definition of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have not been investigated so far. Therefore, our study addressed the question to what extent the soil organic carbon (SOC) content affects the GHG release of drained organic soils under two different land-use types (arable land and intensively used grassland). Both land-use types were established on a mollic Gleysol (named Cmedium) as well as on a sapric Histosol (named Chigh). The two soil types significantly differed in their SOC contents in the topsoil (Cmedium: 9.4–10.9% SOC; Chigh: 16.1–17.2% SOC). We determined GHG fluxes (CO2, N2O and methane (CH4)) over a period of 2 years. The daily and annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 was determined with the closed dynamic chamber technique and by modeling the ecosystem respiration (RECO) and the gross primary production (GPP). N2O and CH4 were determined by the close chamber technique. Estimated NEE of CO2 significantly differed between the two land-use types with lower NEE values (−6 to 1707 g CO2–C m−2 yr−1) at the arable sites and higher values (1354 to 1823 g CO2–C m−2 yr−1) at the grassland sites. No effect on NEE was found regarding the SOC content. Significantly higher annual N2O exchange rates were observed at the arable sites (0.23–0.86 g N m−2 yr−1) compared to the grassland sites (0.12–0.31 g N m−2 yr−1). Furthermore, N2O fluxes from the Chigh sites significantly exceeded those of the Cmedium sites. CH4 fluxes were found to be close to zero at all plots. Estimated global warming potential, calculated for a time horizon of 100 years (GWP100) revealed a very high release of GHGs from all plots ranging from 1837 to 7095 g CO2 eq. m−2 yr−1. Calculated global warming potential (GWP) values did not differ between soil types and partly exceeded the IPCC default emission factors of the Tier 1 approach by far. However, despite being subject to high uncertainties, the results clearly highlight the importance to adjust the IPCC guidelines for organic soils not falling under the definition, to avoid a significant underestimation of GHG emissions in the corresponding sectors of the national climate reporting. Furthermore, the present results revealed that mainly the land-use including the management and not the SOC content is responsible for the height of GHG exchange from intensive farming on drained organic soils.