bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perception of purpose and parental involvement in competitive youth sport
Authors: Marsh Ashley , Zavilla Stephanie , Acuna Kyra , Poczwardowski Artur
Published: February 2015

Background

Because of the various demanding investments, parents develop various expectations regarding their children’s sport experience. The purposes of this study were twofold: (a) to determine whether there is a discrepancy between parents and athletes in terms of perception of purpose for engaging in youth sport, and (b) to explore whether the reported discrepancies impact parental involvement.

Participants and procedure

Participants included 25 club level athletes (19 girls, 6 boys), ages 13-17 (M = 14.96 years, SD = 1.49 years), and 24 pa­rents (18 women, 6 men) of these athletes, ages 39-55 (M = 48.26 years, SD = 4.44 years) from both individual and team sports. Parents and athletes completed their respective versions of both the Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ) and Parental Involvement in Sport Questionnaire (PISQ). Optional individual interviews with 12 athletes and 12 parents were then conducted to further triangulate perceptions of purpose and parental involvement in youth sport.

Results

Findings included four statistically significant negative correlations between the PMQ and PISQ, as well as a statistically significant discrepancy between parents and athletes on one subscale of the PMQ (p = .026). Also, statistically significant discrepancies were found between perceived and desired levels of parental involvement on three out of four subscales of the PISQ (there are 3 exact p-values since there were significant discrepancies for 3 out of the 4 subscales. They are: Directive Behavior: p < .001, Praise and Understanding: p = .042 and Pressure: p = .025).

Conclusions

Perceptions of parental involvement between the parents and their children were not congruent. Similarly, the parents and their children perceive why an athlete participates in sport somewhat differently. If further explored, parent-athlete relations and interactions could be improved to facilitate optimal youth sport participation.
Municipal-Aboriginal Relations: An Ontario Perspective
Authors: Hanif Alia , Melady Ruth , Simmonds Donna , Walton Ralph
Published: February 2015

In Canada, there are many examples of respectful relationships between municipalities and Aboriginal communities. Where Aboriginal peoples have concerns with the actions or inaction of governments (be they federal, provincial or municipal governments), it is often municipalities that are directly affected by the measures taken by Aboriginal peoples to express their concerns. To help reduce possible conflicts at the municipal level and find shared solutions, the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing of the Province of Ontario has been advising municipalities in the province on the benefits of engaging and developing relationships with Aboriginal peoples.
Social Inclusion in North Sydney LGA
Authors: Taylor Chris , Donoghue Jed
Published: February 2015

Social exclusion in the North Sydney local government area has increasingly become a matter for concern in the last decade. In 2005/2006 local government community service referrals indicate that there were growing numbers of people living on their own with little contact or engagement with community services and social activities. It was also suggested that older people at risk of social exclusion were living in poor housing conditions and experienced serious health issues. The ABS 2006 census data highlights that the North Sydney Council area has a significantly larger number of people living on their own (33%) compared to the rest of New South Wales (22%).This paper will present a number of different perspectives of social exclusion and consider why people in North Sydney become isolated. It will provide a brief analysis of existing programs designed to reduce social isolation and where they fit in the service system by using case studies of people who have been identified as at risk of becoming socially isolated in the North Sydney area. We will evaluate the case studies and provide several policy recommendations
Does local government have capacity for enabling local economic development? Lessons from Jamaica
Authors: Schoburgh Eris D
Published: February 2015

Implementation of the Caribbean Local Economic Development Project (CARILED)1began in 2012 in seven countries for a duration of six years, to support sustainable economic growth in the region. CARILED has introduced the idea of local economic development (LED) to the ‘development’ debate in the region but has also brought the organisational capacity of local government, and local government’s role as ‘facilitator’ of LED,to the fore. This paper assesses organizational behaviour and capability in local government in Jamaica to determine the state of readiness for a developmental role. The paper draws on two sets of research data to aid its analysis–a capacity audit (CAPAUD) conducted in 2010 and an organisational analysis (OA)commissioned by the Ministry of Local Government in 2010, both of which targeted a sample of local authorities in Jamaica.The study found that when assessed against established criteria for an LED organisation, ie: research and information provision; marketing and coordination; learning and innovation; and leadership - local government’s institutional and organisational capacity for development is unevenly distributed. For instance, local leaders understood organisational purpose but efforts to give effect to this appeared undeveloped, sporadic and uni-directional. It was also evident that participatory strategies are used to gain information from communities but these were often devoid of systematic research methodologies rendering formal community impact on local planning negligent. Finally there is strong potential for the kind of administrative leadership required by a developmental local government to evolve,indicated by the quality of training, quantum of managerial/supervisory staff, and stability of staff establishment. However, this potential is threatened by the deficiencies in the non-traditional functional areas that are strategic to the organisation’s effectiveness as a ‘facilitator’ of LED, ie:alignment of community engagement/interface with LED priorities, diffusion of information technology in organisational processes, and utilisation of policy analysis and development. These findings contribute important policy relevant information to the discourses in the region about the construction of alternative solutions to institutional and organisational problems in response to the economic crises of small island developing states (SIDS).
Editorial
Authors: Brown Alison
Published: February 2015

Climate change, sustainability, diversity, financial probity, gender and governance are profound and complex challenges facing local government today, and are all topics raised by the researchers and practitioners contributing to CJLG Issue 10. Cash-strapped local governments are required to deliver core services (‘roads, rates and rubbish’ as Heather Zeppel’s interviewee said), yet are increasingly required to embrace broad social inclusion and environmental concerns, as our contributors show.The five research papers in this issue touch at the heart of equity and democratic governance. The role of critical theory in delivering good practice is explored by Eris Schoburgh in her reflection on local government and local development, and her comparison of Trinidad & Tobago’s structured decentralisation and Jamaica’s communitarian approach. She dismisses the ‘leading laggard’ model where linked settlement economies sink or swim together, and the ‘learning region’ which maximise local synergies to promote economic growth, to propose a new ‘hybrid model’ of local growth that tackles on-going issues such as gender equality, the informal economy and the local commons.
Working Relationships for Sustainability: Improving Work-based Relationships in Local Government to bring about Sustainability Goals
Authors: Storey Hazel , Smith Phil , Collier Grahame
Published: February 2015

There’s no escape: we are always in relationship. Being aware of this matters. Doing something to build constructive relationships for sustainability, matters even more.This paper considers the connection between good relationships and effective sustainability work in local government. It draws on the collective experiences of four practitioners who have worked over many years in, with or for local government and argues that a good deal of project success is contingent upon the development of positive relationships with stakeholders, contractors, communities, businesses, colleagues, partners and other agencies and agency officers.Relationships can help or hinder project process, progress and outcomes. This paper identifies some approaches for building quality relationships and uses examples to highlight these strategies. These include: recognising that developing and maintaining resilient relationships and high quality communication is a critical foundation for success; designing projects with explicit relationship outcomes; and allocating time, money and other resources to support the development of effective relationships.
Recentralization of local government chief administrative officers appointments in Uganda: Implications for downward accountability
Authors: Nabaho Lazarus
Published: February 2015

The Uganda Constitution of 1995 spelt out the principle of decentralization by devolution. Accordingly, from 1995 to 2005, district local governments had a dejure mandate to hire and fire all categories of civil servants through their respective district service commissions (DSCs). Following the Constitutional amendment in September 2005, the right to hire and fire district chief administrative officers (CAOs) reverted to central government. Critics of recentralization of CAO appointments contend that the shift in the policy and legislation for managing CAOs runs contrary to the principles of decentralization by devolution. This paper argues that recentralization of CAOs has confused reporting, reduced the autonomy of sub-national governments in civil service management, undermined accountability of CAOs to elected councils, and shifted the loyalty of CAOs from local governments with and for which they work to central government that appoints and deploys them. To deepen accountability in local governments, the paper advocates for decentralization of CAO appointments, but for participation of central government in recruitment of CAOs within the confines of a separate personnel system. It further calls for a rethinking of the current call by the 9th Parliament to recentralize human resource in health in local governments owing to accountability challenges of managing the civil service in sub-national governments under an integrated personnel system.
Capacity building in a hostile environment: The case of Zimbabwe's Rural District Councils
Authors: Mandiyanike David
Published: February 2015

The paper examines capacity building in Zimbabwe’s Rural District Councils (RDCs) from 1994 to 2001 and the resultant erosion of capacity during Zimbabwe’s protracted political and economic crisis that followed. It is prudent to ask whether there was ‘capacity building’ or ‘capacity erosion’. The paper establishes that the capacity building was piecemeal and that there was no genuine desire to build capacity, but that Councils embarked on these programmes to access the funding that came with the programmes. In some cases, the design of the Rural District Councils’ Capacity Building Programme (RDCCBP) was too rigid, derailed by the central government’s half-hearted attempts towards decentralisation, and failed to allow RDCs to learn-by-doing. Because of Zimbabwe’s politico-economic crisis, national level politicians were peremptory in their demands for better RDC results and an opportunity to learn was lost. The plethora of other rural development projects coupled with the project-based approach of the RDCCBP condemned capacity building efforts to the rigidities of projects and programmes, yet capacity building is better perceived as a continuous process with experiential learning. The paper concludes by arguing that capacity building efforts in RDCs were largely unsuccessful, and were derailed by the ‘Zimbabwe crisis’; the result can only be described as ‘capacity building that never was’. Internal efforts by RDCs to build their own capacity are more sustainable than efforts prompted by the ‘carrot and stick’ approach of external actors, such as central government (in a bid to ‘hive off’ responsibilities) and funding agencies.
A lot but not yet enough - a call for more action on sustainability
Authors: Collier Grahame , Jones Rebecca
Published: February 2015

The Urban Sustainability Support Alliance (USSA) was a large and multi-faceted NSW wide programme, which was delivered between late 2007 and late 2011, to support NSW Councils in integrating environmental sustainability into their policies, procedures, operations and programs. To support cultural change in 152 government instrumentalities, of different sizes, shapes and demographics, required innovation, connection and credibility. A diverse range of support and development mechanisms was required. The USSA coined the tag line: Supporting Councils on their journey towards sustainability, and was evaluated in 2011. This paper charts the journey and reports on that evaluation. It describes the USSA program: provides judgments about the value of the programme against its intended outcomes; and identifies formative findings for the future so that the necessary support might continue. The USSA was a highly successful program, with more than 85% of respondents from almost 80% of Councils in NSW indicating that the USSA had raised the profile of sustainability ‘a lot’/’a reasonable amount/some’. Of these, 48% indicated that the effect had been substantial. The evaluation report concluded that the USSA has provided ‘a lot, but not yet enough’ support to NSW Councils on the journey towards sustainability, and that there is still more to do.
Enhancing health service delivery through a university-local government partnership model, issues and experiences from Uganda
Authors: Ndaruhutse Gad Razaaza
Published: February 2015

A number of approaches have been adopted in medical education geared towards training health professionals that can improve access to health care by communities most vulnerable to inequalities and injustices in health systems. Relevant health professions education is vital for improvements in health and health care access. A symbiotic medical education can improve the quality of health care and impact on career choice, yet the challenge to sustain equitable access to improved health and healthcare particularly for those most in need remains a major global challenge ( Ssewankambo, 2012). Within a decentralized system, such as in Uganda, Local Governments are mandated to ensure health promotion and equitable healthcare for the population under their jurisdiction. Whereas public service reforms have mainly focused on decentralization and good governance (Mamdani, 2012, Stiglitz, 2012), the role of curriculum reforms in addressing health and health care challenges through needs-based education of health professionals has been largely ignored. Through an analysis of the challenges of health care within a decentralized Local Government setting, this paper, by presenting experiences from one public university in Uganda, reveals how a partnership between Universities and Local Government can go a long way in addressing health disparities and reduction of morbidity and mortality.
Inclusive Growth through Inclusive Governance in India’s North East
Authors: Aiyar Mani Shankar , Tiwari Nupur
Published: February 2015

‘Inclusive Growth’ is both the title and the overarching goal of the Eleventh Five Year Plan of India. Economic reforms have led, especially over the last five years or so, not only to accelerated growth but to sustained accelerated growth. Yet, notwithstanding the considerable space given to Panchayati Raj in the Eleventh Plan, there still seems to be some reluctance to accept inclusive governance as the quintessential and unique path to inclusive growth.
Local Government and Traditional Authorities in Concert: Towards a More Productive Relationship
Authors: Mahama Callistus
Published: February 2015

Ghana embarked on decentralisation in 1988 as a way of bringing decision making closer to the people. Since then, there have several reforms with a view to strengthening local governance. This article identifies a major challenge still facing Ghana’s decentralisation: Partnership between local government and traditional authorities. The paper discusses the fuzzy relationship between local governments and traditional authorities as a result of constitutional and legislative ambiguity on their relationship. Traditional Authorities perform important functions in the country, albeit their roles have waned since independence. Yet current legal provisions on local government have not sufficiently clarified their role in local administration. This has led to a murky and competing relationship between traditional authorities and local governments. In localities where mutual relationship exists, it is mainly as a result of the personalities involved and this has had a positive effect on the development of the area. The paper concludes by advocating for measures which among others include a re-enactment of legislation which will define the working relationship between traditional authorities and local government.
Some reflections on the Conference Background Paper: 'Improving Local Government: the Commonwealth Vision'
Authors: Stern Joe
Published: February 2015

Even before considering its content, one has to admire the confidence of Dr. Philip Amis to undertake the preparation of a paper titled: Improving Local Government: the Commonwealth Vision. Dr. Amis, head of the International Development Department at the University of Birmingham and a trusted friend of the Commonwealth Local Government Forum, would have understood the challenges of this assignment. There is no commonly accepted definition of ‘local government’ and practitioners have agreed that replicable models or templates for local government improvement are hard to find. Moreover, the Commonwealth is not much easier to define than local government and has been reticent historically to translate its various ‘vision’ statements into actionable plans.
Democratic local governance in the Southern African Development Community region: Some emerging issues and challenges
Authors: Chikulo Bornwell
Published: February 2015

Recent reforms have been transforming the structure of local governance in the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) region. Since the 1990s, a critical objective of governance reform has been the strengthening of local government by the decentralization of powers, resources and responsibilities to local authorities and other locally administered bodies. These reforms have been labelled ‘democratic decentralization’ by scholars (Ribot, 2004; Olowu & Wunsch, 2004). Democratic decentralization refers to initiatives which entail the transfer of significant authority, responsibility for services, fiscal and human resources to local governance. The objective of the reforms was to capacitate local governance structures, as well as to increase the capacity and productivity of the public sector in general (Hope & Chikulo, 2000). Efforts to improve institutional effectiveness, accountability and service delivery at the local level thus have been a major focus throughout the region.
Is monitoring implementation the key to preventing repeated workplace corruption?
Authors: Plibersek Ray , Mills Alexandria
Published: February 2015

Survey results published in 2009 by the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) of New South Wales reported that most public sector organisations in its jurisdiction have established integrity policies and procedures – or ‘organisational integrity systems’ (ICAC 2009). Despite this, many of the public inquiries conducted by the ICAC that find corrupt conduct often also find a failure to implement or enforce existing anti-corruption mechanisms in agencies. More recently an ICAC inquiry reported that similar patterns of repeated corrupt conduct had been pervasive in one government agency since the early 1990s despite being prohibited by organisational policy (ICAC 2008). These findings are also consistent with the anecdotal experience of integrity practitioners that public sector agencies are experiencing repeated workplace corruption despite the presence of apparently adequate organisational integrity systems. When workplace corruption is exposed, it may be professionally investigated and reforms to address the problems proposed and attempted, yet the same or similar workplace corruption reoccurs. As Barber suggests, ensuring successful delivery requires a “long grind” of “steady, persistent implementation” and “gentle pressure, relentlessly applied” (Barber 2008:112 and 119).This paper examines cases of low-level non-compliance in a municipal waste collection services and a state owned railway to identify some of the factors that could be contributing to reoccurring workplace corruption. The analysis suggests that a major factor in repeated workplace corruption is the failure to monitor and implement reforms recommended by investigations and existing organisational integrity systems.
Mutual capacity building: Mt Hagen local government and Orange City
Authors: Sykes Stephen
Published: February 2015

Orange City Council and Mount Hagen Urban Local Level Government (MHULLG) in the Papua New Guinea Highlands have had a strong history of working in partnership to build capacity. This is based on a Sister City relationship extending to 30 years founded on the acceptance that to build better communities more than just physical infrastructure is needed. The Australian Government AusAID organisation funded the capacity building program, supported by the Commonwealth Local Government Forum who provide back-end administration and acts as a broker in drawing together a number of partnership agreements and AusAID funding applications in addition to information exchange. Council’s work has been recognised and supported nationally in PNG and by AusAID, and there has been a tight focus on assisting the 60,000 people that live in and around the township of Mt Hagen. So far, Council has worked on numerous issues including waste management, sanitation, traffic and pedestrian plans and governance.
The Australian Year of Women in Local Government: 2010 and beyond
Authors: Purser Karen , Diggerson Helen
Published: February 2015

2010 was the Australian Year of Women in Local Government. This paper provides some background information on the Year, an outline of the activities undertaken and some thoughts on how to take the agenda forward beyond 2010.The most recent Equality and Human Rights Commission's (UK) report, Sex and Power 2008 Index was damning about the future prospects for women being equally represented in the UK Parliament. It looked at women in top positions of power and influence across the public and private sectors over the past five years, and suggests a worrying trend of reversal or stalled progress. Current data suggests the situation is not any better in Australia. Although half the population, women in local government account for only 30% of elected representatives and only 20% of senior managers in local government. Moreover, only seven percent of women are chief executive officers.
Chelmsford Borough Council: A designated International Safe Community
Authors: Price Averil
Published: February 2015

This article provides some background to the Safe Communities concept and sets out the criteria to be satisfied as an International Safe Community (ISC). It concludes with reflections about Chelmsford Borough Council’s responsibilities as a Demonstration Site within the UK, and how Council has contributed within an International Network.There are currently over 200 communities across the world that have been designated as International Safe Communities by the World Health Organisation (WHO), and in June 2010, the Chelmsford Borough Council became the first local authority area to achieve this recognition in the UK. International Safe Communities is a World Health Organisation initiative that recognises safety as a ‘universal concern and a responsibility for all’. 1 It is an approach to community safety that encourages greater cooperation and collaboration between a range of non-government organisations, the business sector and local and government agencies. In order to be designated as an ISC, communities are required to meet six criteria developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre on Community Safety. The ISC accreditation process provides support for communities and indicates a level of achievement by an organisation within the field of community safety.
Book Review: Local Government in a Global World: Australia and Canada in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Scott Claudia
Published: February 2015

This book compares reform trends in Australia and Canada’s local government systems over the past two decades, with attention to the impact of globalization on local governments, their bureaucracies, and local democratic accountability. Local governments in Australia and Canada show striking resemblances in relation to history, development, and contemporary issues. This reflects that in both countries, local governments remain an instrument of the states and provinces.The exploration of the connections between globalization and local government is timely given the importance of international influences on the economic, social and environmental challenges facing governments. For the local governments discussed in the book, and for many others, economic and fiscal constraints have reduced the sector's ability to meet community expectations while also responding to growing competitiveness across jurisdictions. These pressures have highlighted the benefits of encouraging regional and local differentiation, and giving prominence to ‘place’ in policy and management designs and practices.
Complete Issue (3MB)
Authors: Grafton Daniel
Published: February 2015

Complete issue of Issue 7, 2010 (3MB).
Book Review: Municipal Infrastructure Financing: Innovative Practices from Developing Countries (Edited by Munawwar Alam)
Authors: Tayler Kevin
Published: February 2015

Rapid urbanisation creates a need to expand urban services and that expansion is not possible without adequate finances. However, fiscal decentralization has not kept pace with administrative and functional decentralisation so that municipal bodies lack the funds required to operate existing facilities and extend services into new areas. Municipal Infrastructure Financing addresses this issue. It draws on a desk-based secondary study of relevant literature and municipal data, supplemented by primary research in four case study municipalities: Dar es Salaam and Kampala in East Africa, and Karachi and Dhaka in South Asia. The first two chapters provide a general overview of the book and of the state of municipal finance in Commonwealth developing countries. Chapters 3 – 6 set out the findings of the four case studies, Chapter 7 examines a number of innovative approaches to municipal financing and Chapter 8 draws conclusions from what has gone before.
Complete Issue (2.5MB)
Authors: Grafton Daniel
Published: February 2015

Complete Issue (2.5MB).
New Aid Modalities and Local Government: Are they supporting or hindering processes of decentralization?
Authors: Amis Philip
Published: February 2015

This commentary reviews contemporary changes in aid modalities and their impact on processes of decentralization. The main change in aid delivery and disbursement considered is towards a greater emphasis on general budget support (GBS) and sector wide approaches (SWAPs). This includes considering the broad questions of firstly, the impact of emphasising GBS on local government and governance systems, and secondly, the extent to which processes of decentralization can fit in with this new approach.
Preface
Authors: Wright Carl
Published: February 2015

Preface by Carl Wright.
News and Announcements
Authors: Grafton Daniel
Published: February 2015

News and Announcements.
A negative feedback between anthropogenic ozone pollution and enhanced ocean emissions of iodine
Authors: Prados-Roman C. , Cuevas C. A. , Fernandez R. P. , Kinnison D. E. , Lamarque J-F. , Saiz-Lopez A.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Naturally emitted from the oceans, iodine compounds efficiently destroy atmospheric ozone and reduce its positive radiative forcing effects in the troposphere. Emissions of inorganic iodine have been experimentally shown to depend on the deposition to the oceans of tropospheric ozone, whose concentrations have significantly increased since 1850 as a result of human activities. A chemistry–climate model is used herein to quantify the current ocean emissions of inorganic iodine and assess the impact that the anthropogenic increase in tropospheric ozone has had on the natural cycle of iodine in the marine environment since pre-industrial times. Our results indicate that the human-driven enhancement of tropospheric ozone has doubled the oceanic inorganic iodine emissions following the reaction of ozone with iodide at the sea surface. The consequent build-up of atmospheric iodine, with maximum enhancements of up to 70% with respect to pre-industrial times in continental pollution outflow regions, has in turn accelerated the ozone chemical loss over the oceans with strong spatial patterns. We suggest that this ocean–atmosphere interaction represents a negative geochemical feedback loop by which current ocean emissions of iodine act as a natural buffer for ozone pollution and its radiative forcing in the global marine environment.
Determination of land surface reflectance using the AATSR dual-view capability
Authors: Sogacheva L. , Kolmonen P. , Virtanen T. H. , Rodriguez E. , Sundström A.-M. , de Leeuw G.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. In this study, a method is presented to retrieve the surface reflectance using the radiances measured at the top of the atmosphere for the two views provided by the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR). In the first step, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) is obtained using the AATSR dual-view algorithm (ADV) by eliminating the effect of the surface on the measured radiances. Hence the AOD is independent of surface properties and can thus be used in the second step to provide the aerosol part of the atmospheric correction which is needed for the surface reflectance retrieval. The method is applied to provide monthly maps of both AOD and surface reflectance at two wavelengths (555 and 659 nm) for the whole year of 2007. The results are validated versus surface reflectance provided by the AERONET-based Surface Reflectance Validation Network (ASRVN). Correlation coefficients are 0.8 and 0.9 for 555 and 659 nm, respectively. The standard deviation is 0.001 for both wavelengths and the absolute error is less than 0.02. Pixel-by-pixel comparison with MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) monthly averaged surface reflectances show a good correlation (0.91 and 0.89 for 555 and 659 nm, respectively) with somewhat higher values (up to 0.05) obtained by ADV over bright surfaces. The difference between the ADV- and MODIS-retrieved surface reflectances is smaller than ±0.025 for 68.3% of the collocated pixels at 555 nm and 79.9% of the collocated pixels at 659 nm. An application of the results over Australia illustrates the variation in the surface reflectances for different land cover types. The validation and comparison results suggest that the algorithm can be successfully used for both the AATSR and ATSR-2 (which has characteristics similar to AATSR) missions, which together cover a 17-year period of measurements (1995–2012), as well as a prototype for the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) planned to be launched in the fall of 2015 onboard the Sentinel-3 satellite.
Measurements of CH3O2NO2 in the upper troposphere
Authors: Nault B. A. , Garland C. , Pusede S. E. , Wooldridge P. J. , Ullmann K. , Hall S. R. , Cohen R. C.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Methyl peroxy nitrate (CH3O2NO2) is a non-acyl peroxy nitrate that is important for photochemistry at low temperatures characteristic of the upper troposphere. We report the first measurements of CH3O2NO2, which we achieved through a new aircraft inlet configuration, combined with thermal-dissociation laser-induced fluorescence (TD-LIF) detection of NO2, and describe the accuracy, specificity, and interferences to CH3O2NO2 measurements. CH3O2NO2 is predicted to be a ubiquitous interference to upper-tropospheric NO2 measurements. We describe an experimental strategy for obtaining NO2 observations free of the CH3O2NO2 interference. Using these new methods, we made observations during two recent aircraft campaigns: the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC-3) and the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds, and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) experiments. The CH3O2NO2 measurements we report have a detection limit (S/N = 2) of 15 pptv at 1 min averaging on a background of 200 pptv NO2 and an accuracy of ±40%. Observations are used to constrain the interference of pernitric acid (HO2NO2) to the CH3O2NO2 measurements, as HO2NO2 partially decomposes (~11%) along with CH3O2NO2 in the heated CH3O2NO2 channel used to detect CH3O2NO2.
COSIMA data analysis using multivariate techniques
Authors: Silén J. , Cottin H. , Hilchenbach M. , Kissel J. , Lehto H. , Siljeström S. , Varmuza K.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. We describe how to use multivariate analysis of complex TOF-SIMS (time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry) spectra by introducing the method of random projections. The technique allows us to do full clustering and classification of the measured mass spectra. In this paper we use the tool for classification purposes. The presentation describes calibration experiments of 19 minerals on Ag and Au substrates using positive mode ion spectra. The discrimination between individual minerals gives a cross-validation Cohen κ for classification of typically about 80%. We intend to use the method as a fast tool to deduce a qualitative similarity of measurements.
Simulation-based Projections of Crop Management and Gross Margin Variance in Contrasting Regions of Southwest Germany
Authors: Parker Phillip S. , Reinmuth Evelyn , Ingwersen Joachim , Högy Petra , Priesack Eckart , Wizemann Hans-Dieter , Aurbacher Joachim
Published: February 2015

Crop simulation is a modern tool used to mimic ordinary and extraordinary agriculture systems. Under the premise of continuing foreseeable climatic shift we combine adaptive field-level management decisions with their effects on crop performance. Price projections are used to examine yield and price effects on gross margins of the predominant crops in two specific regions of Southwest Germany into the coming decades. After calibration and validation to historic records, simulated future weather is used to explore how farmer behavior and performance of wheat, barley, rapeseed and maize could develop under anticipated global change. This development is examined based on a comparison of historic and projected gross margin variance. Simulations indicate that when yield levels increase, the relative variability of gross margins may decline in spite of some increasing variability of yields. The coefficient of variance of gross margins decreases even more due to the independence of price and yield fluctuations. This shows how the effects of global change on yields could be offset by economic conditions.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Salvage Reirradiation of Radiorecurrent Prostatic Carcinoma Relapsed in the Prostatic Bed
Authors: Arcangeli Stefano , Gambardella Pasquale , Agolli Linda , Monaco Alessia , Dognini Jessica , Regine Giovanni , Donato Vittorio
Published: February 2015

A 67-year-old man presented with a slow increase of prostate-specific antigen value after radical prostatectomy and postoperative radiotherapy for prostate cancer. The patient had received 3D conformal radiotherapy to a total dose of 66 Gy in 33 fractions of 2 Gy each on the prostatic bed. Three years later, a macroscopic local failure was diagnosed at the apical region. The patient could not receive androgenic deprivation therapy or other types of treatment owing to comorbid conditions. Thus, stereotactic body radiation therapy with helical image-guided tomotherapy was administered. The total dose was 30 Gy in 5 consecutive fractions of 6 Gy each to the site of the local failure. The treatment was preceded by a transperineal-guided injection of a self-absorbable hydrogel into the prostatic bed, between rectum and bladder, in order to preserve the rectal wall, which already had received significant doses from the first radiation course. Radiation therapy was well-tolerated. After a follow-up period of 6 months, the patient remains healthy, and there has been no further evidence of metastatic spread or recurrence.
Success Factors in Cluster Initiative Management
Authors: Klofsten Magnus , Bienkowska Dzamila , Laur Inessa , Sölvell Ingela
Published: February 2015

Cluster development is prioritized in policy programmes as a means to facilitate regional growth and job creation. Triple Helix actors are often involved in so-called cluster initiatives – intermediary organizations having the objective of the development of a local or regional cluster. This paper maps out the ‘big five’ qualitative success factors in cluster initiative management: the idea; driving forces and commitment; activities; critical mass; and organization. The proposed framework enables the assessment of performance and sustainability over time, useful for both everyday management operations and policy programmes designed to support cluster initiatives.
University—Industry Collaboration in a Triple Helix Setting on a US Medical Campus
Authors: Lee Chang Ho , Bagchi-Sen Sharmistha , Poon Jessie
Published: February 2015

The Triple Helix framework focuses attention on institutional interactions within innovation systems. In particular, it is important to understand the nature of university–industry interactions such as the translation of university expertise to clinically and commercially viable innovations. This paper examines university and industry collaboration practices in the context of the innovative, entrepreneurial and translational research environment at the Buffalo Niagara Medical Campus (BNMC) and at the University at Buffalo–State University of New York. The findings highlight the importance of funding opportunities and networks. Collaboration predominantly assumes the form of consultancy, contract research and joint research. The benefits of consulting and contract research are increased knowledge production through publications, grant applications and patenting activities among BNMC scientists. Collaboration with industry through joint research is more likely to lead to entrepreneurial outcomes than any other effort to engage industry.
Indebtedness of the Tourism Sector in Mediterranean Countries
Authors: Farčnik Daša , Kuščer Kir , Trobec Domen
Published: February 2015

Although the economies of Mediterranean countries were very negatively affected by the global and financial crisis, little attention has been devoted to their sector-specific performance, especially tourism. Tourism is a key sector in these countries, so the consequences of the crisis should be explored and tools to improve the sector's performance provided. This paper therefore focuses on the influence of the indebtedness process on tourism sector performance in selected Mediterranean countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Montenegro, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia and Spain). Using data from firms' financial statements for 2006–2010, the tourism sector is compared to all non-tourism sector with a focus on the indebtedness process and the functioning of the financial accelerator as the key obstacle to future performance. Furthermore, the paper investigates investments in core activities and financial assets as the main drivers of debt accumulation in the boom and bust periods.
Optimal Overbooking Limits for a Hotel with Three Room Types and with Upgrade and dOwngrade Constraints
Authors: Ivanov Stanislav H.
Published: February 2015

This paper develops a mathematical model for optimal overbooking limits for a three-room-type hotel. It is assumed that the hotel has low-, medium- and high-price rooms, and that upgrades and downgrades are possible but in one step only; that is, low-price rooms can be upgraded only to medium-price ones, high-price rooms can be downgraded to medium-price only, while medium-price rooms can be both downgraded to low-priced and upgraded to high-price. The optimal level of overbookings for each room type is calculated with the help of the expected marginal revenue technique. The paper identifies all possible combinations between the overbooking levels of each room type and the actual number of cancellations, no shows and early departures the hotel can face, and formulates the costs of the overbookings in each of these combinations.
La investigación científica en la UNAH-VS: pasado, presente y futuro
Authors: Macías Ruano Mirta
Published: February 2015

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/pc.v5i0.1847 Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No. 5, diciembre 2013: 3-5
Investigación científica en los centros regionales: UNAH-VS
Authors: Herrera Alvarado Francisco J
Published: February 2015

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/pc.v5i0.1848 Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No. 5, diciembre 2013: 9-15
Detección de infecciones de transmisión sexual y de cáncer cervino uterino en el CESAMO Las Palmas, San Pedro Sula
Authors: Padilla Escobar Sonia Elizabeth , Suazo Emelda Ruth
Published: February 2015

En el CESAMO Las Palmas se atienden aproximadamente 100 pacientes diarios, entre los cuales se observó la necesidad de incrementar la toma de citología vaginal para la detección de infecciones de transmisión sexual y el cáncer cervino uterino. Evaluaciones realizadas a este programa y el análisis de la situación de salud del CESAMO, indican la baja captación y realización de citologías vaginales, debido a factores en la mujer, tales como falta de autocuidado, divulgación y educación, situación económica y pago excesivo de para realizar dicha prueba. Según estos datos, se había logrado un 35 % de cobertura en el semestre en que se programó la presente investigación. Entre los hallazgos encontrados en esta investigación, resalta que el 52 % de las mujeres en edad fértil no se realizan la citología vaginal; el 41 % tiene un grado de escolaridad de primaria completa y el 29 % no conocen la importancia de realizarse la citología. Igualmente, se observó que hubo un incremento significativo de 225 tomas de citología entre los meses de febrero a mayo de 2011, lo cual arrojó la cantidad de 199 resultados del laboratorio, de los cuales se presentó 1 caso de carcinoma escamo celular, 20 de cervicitis por infecciones de transmisión sexual, 36 de tricomoniasis, 4 de cándida albicans y 138 casos normales. Este logro se obtuvo producto de la gestión en la educación para la captación en mujeres en edad fértil; además quedó establecido bajar el costo a Lps. 20.00 por cada prueba y será gratis el día miércoles de cada semana. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/pc.v5i0.1849 Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No. 5, diciembre 2013: 21-25
Autocuidado en el manejo de pleurovac y ejercicio respiratorio en pacientes de cirugía de hombres del Hospital Dr. Mario Catarino Rivas
Authors: Sánchez Santa Lizeth , Suazo Emelda Ruth
Published: February 2015

La sala de cirugía de hombres, de cirugía general, tiene una capacidad de 20 pacientes, en la cual se observa un el alto índice de pacientes ingresados a este servicio por herida de arma de fuego o arma blanca, en edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 28 años de edad. El alto índice de violencia que sufre el país, provoca que se sobrepase la capacidad de este servicio con pacientes con trauma torácico, los cuales son manejados con sistema de drenaje torácico: sello de agua (pleurovac). El propósito de este sistema es ayudar al pulmón a expandirse y extraer el líquido que se encuentre en él provocado por el trauma. Pero, al momento de su manejo, se ha observado que el paciente no está instruido sobre la forma de manipular el sistema de drenaje (pleurovac). Con respecto, al personal auxiliar de enfermería, se observa que no dan la importancia que tiene a orientar al paciente sobre su manejo y la realización de ejercicios respiratorios. En consecuencia, se espera que con esta investigación-acción se le dé importancia a la necesidad de fortalecer el conocimiento del personal auxiliar de enfermería sobre este tema, lo cual impulsará un proceso de gestión de autocuidado en el manejo de pleurovac y ejercicios respiratorios para favorecer la atención de calidad al usuario, asegurando las dimensiones de continuidad y eficacia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/pc.v5i0.1850 Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No. 5, diciembre 2013: 26-31
Prevalencia del consumo de bebidas energéticas en periodo de exámenes en los estudiantes de Odontología. Estudio realizado en la UNAH-VS, en el segundo semestre de 2013
Authors: Saavendra Ariana Iveth , Mejía Carmen Issamara , Alvarado Teresa Beatriz , Martínez Vivian Sarahí , Cardoza Yeselin Gabriela , Orellana Karla Maytee , Rápalo Karla
Published: February 2015

Hoy en día la publicidad tiene un impacto muy importante en la sociedad, puesto que entre más publicidad se le dé al producto, mayor es el consumo por quienes lo ven; la mayoría de veces sin advertir los efectos secundarios que podrían tener en el organismo ciertas sustancias al ser consumidas de manera irresponsable. Un ejemplo de lo anterior son las bebidas energéticas, que cada vez adquieren mayor popularidad entre la población estudiantil, especialmente durante los periodos de exámenes; es por eso que surge la necesidad de indagar esta prevalencia en los estudiantes de Odontología. En este contexto, el presente artículo resume los principales hallazgos encontrados en la investigación: Prevalencia del consumo de bebidas energéticas en periodo de exámenes en los estudiantes de Odontología. Estudio realizado en la UNAH-VS, en el segundo semestre de 2013, que tiene como objetivo conocer si existe prevalencia de consumo de bebidas energéticas entre los alumnos de Odontología en periodo de exámenes. Esta investigación es de tipo cuantitativa con propósito descriptivo, en la cual se consideró como muestra a 150 estudiantes de la carrera de Odontología, que cursaban diferentes años en la carrera y que fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente, para aplicar un instrumento que consistió en un cuestionario estructurado de pregunta cerrada. En los resultados obtenidos se encontró que sí hay consumo de bebidas energéticas por los estudiantes de Odontología en un 76 % de la muestra y que los estudiantes refieren que conocen los riesgos que conlleva el consumo de estas bebidas es un 74.7 %. En conclusión, se puede asegurar que hay prevalencia en el consumo de estas bebidas por parte de los estudiantes de Odontología, sobre todo en la semana de exámenes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/pc.v5i0.1851 Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No. 5, diciembre 2013: 32-41