bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An international Delphi study examining health promotion and health education in nursing practice, education and policy
Authors: Whitehead Dean
Published: March 2008

Aim. To arrive at an expert consensus in relation to health promotion and health education constructs as they apply to nursing practice, education and policy.

Background. Nursing has often been maligned and criticized, both inside and outside of the profession, for its ability to understand and conduct effective health promotion and health education‐related activities. In the absence of an expert‐based consensus, nurses may find it difficult to progress beyond the current situation. In the absence of any previously published nursing‐related consensus research, this study seeks to fill that knowledge‐gap.

Design. A two‐round Delphi technique via email correspondence.

Methods. A first‐round qualitative questionnaire used open‐ended questions for defining health promotion and health education. This was both in general terms and as participants believed these concepts related to the clinical, theoretical (academic/educational) and the policy (political) setting in nursing. Line‐by‐line qualitative content and thematic analysis of the first‐round data generated 13 specific categories. These categories contained 134 statement items. The second‐round questionnaire comprised the identified 134 statements. Using a five‐point Likert scale (ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) participants scored and rated their level of agreement/disagreement against the listed items. Data from the second‐round was descriptively analysed according to distribution and central tendency measures.

Results. An expert consensus was reached on 65 of the original 134 statements. While some minor contradiction was demonstrated, strong consensus emerged around the issues of defining health promotion and health education and the emergence of a wider health promotion and health education role for nursing. No consensus was reached on only one of the 13 identified topic categories – that of ‘nurses working with other disciplines and agencies in a health education and health promotion role.’

Conclusions. This study provides a hitherto previously absent expert consensus on the current position of health promotion and health education, in nursing and predictions for their future course. Its findings represent an important step for nurses as they seek to become increasingly active and influential within wider health promotion and health education arenas.

Relevance to clinical practice. Delphi studies do not necessarily offer indisputable fact. This study, however, with its strong consensus on the majority of original statements is a good indicator as to how nursing experts currently view health promotion and health education constructs. Expert consensus offers a useful form of measure against current and future clinical practice and helps to build a firm foundation for change. Nurses, then, are advised here to refer to the findings presented, that they remain contextually and conceptually clear, as they embark on current and future health promotion‐related activities.
Related factors in using a free breastfeeding hotline service in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Shu‐Fang , Chen Chao‐Huei , Chen Chung‐Hey
Published: March 2008

Aims.  This study aimed to examine the use of a free hotline service for breastfeeding mothers in Taiwan. Specific attention was given to the accumulated consultation time and to investigate the trends and reasons that prompted people to contact the service.

Background.  Breastfeeding can be a difficult time for mothers, especially during the first two weeks after birth. It has been suggested that a telephone hotline service may be helpful for breastfeeding mothers.

Design.  In this quantitative study data, including the demographic data and the problems of consultations, were gathered from callers during August 2003 to August 2005.

Results.  Of the 2445 callers, 935 made subsequent calls (38·2%). Approximately 25·25 calls were answered each day by two specially‐trained staff according to an answering book. The mean consultation time for single first‐call was 21·82 minutes and for one subsequent‐call was 15·87 minutes. Perceived insufficient milk supply (30%) and returning to work (21%) were the top two reasons for a first‐call. If callers’ problems were about babies’ sickness, perceived insufficient milk supply, babies’ body weight gain and supplement issues, the accumulated consultation time would last longer. More than half (53·3%; 1303/2445) of callers made the first‐call during the first month after birth, followed by 23·2% (566/2445) during babies’ age between one and three months old.

Conclusion.  The telephone hotline service for breastfeeding mothers in Taiwan was well used during the two year period of this study. Many mothers used the service repeatedly for a variety of reasons.

Relevance to clinical practice.  Recommendations for breastfeeding support strategies for the professionals include category of common breastfeeding problems by different stages after birth. This study supports the establishment of free hotline services may encourage greater empowerment in breastfeeding mothers. Future studies are required to examine client satisfaction of the telephone service.
The role of actin, fimbrin and endocytosis in growth of hyphae in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Upadhyay Srijana , Shaw Brian D.
Published: March 2008

Filamentous fungi are ideal systems to study the process of polarized growth, as their life cycle is dominated by hyphal growth exclusively at the cell apex. The actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in this growth. Until now, there have been no tools to visualize actin or the actin‐binding protein fimbrin in live cells of a filamentous fungus. We investigated the roles of actin (ActA) and fimbrin (FimA) in hyphal growth in Aspergillus nidulans. We examined the localization of ActA::GFP and FimA::GFP in live cells, and each displayed a similar localization pattern. In actively growing hyphae, cortical ActA::GFP and FimA::GFP patches were highly mobile throughout the hypha and were concentrated near hyphal apices. A patch‐depleted zone occupied the apical 0.5 μm of growing hypha. Both FimA::GFP and Act::GFP also localize transiently to septa. Movement and later localization of both was compromised after cytochalasin treatment. Disruption of fimA resulted in delayed polarity establishment during conidium germination, abnormal hyphal growth and endocytosis defects in apolar cells. Endocytosis was severely impaired in apolar fimA disruption cells. Our data support a novel apical recycling model which indicates a critical role for actin patch‐mediated endocytosis to maintain polarized growth at the apex.
Modus operandi of the bacterial RNA polymerase containing the σ54 promoter‐specificity factor
Authors: Wigneshweraraj Sivaramesh , Bose Daniel , Burrows Patricia C. , Joly Nicolas , Schumacher Jörg , Rappas Mathieu , Pape Tillmann , Zhang Xiaodong , Stockley Peter , Severinov Konstantin , Buck Martin
Published: March 2008

Bacterial sigma (σ) factors confer gene specificity upon the RNA polymerase, the central enzyme that catalyses gene transcription. The binding of the alternative σ factor σ54 confers upon the RNA polymerase special functional and regulatory properties, making it suited for control of several major adaptive responses. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the interactions the σ54 factor makes with the bacterial transcription machinery.
Regulation of transcription by acetate in Escherichia coli: in vivo and in vitro comparisons
Authors: Rosenthal Adam Z. , Kim Youngbae , Gralla Jay D.
Published: March 2008

Acetate, even at neutral pH, induces changes in gene expression that allow Escherichia coli to adapt to the diverse chemical stresses of the gastrointestinal tract. These include differential effects on transcription, including both activation and repression. The in vivo studies presented here show that cyclopropane fatty acid synthase transcription induced by neutral acetate proceeds via both the sigma70 and sigma38 forms of RNA polymerase. Upstream DNA elements are required in both cases, but in vitro studies demonstrate that the binding of regulatory factors is not needed. Sigma70 promoters respond towards acetate with very significant differences in vitro, with effects ranging from inhibition to lack of effect to weak stimulation to strong stimulation. By contrast, the effects of acetate on sigma38 transcription at these same promoters in vitro are generally stimulatory. Thus, acetate directly alters transcription complexes in vitro in ways that lead to significant differential transcription, contributing to the diverse effects that are known to allow adaptation in vivo.
Inhibition of ROCK activity allows InlF‐mediated invasion and increased virulence ofListeria monocytogenes
Authors: Kirchner Marieluise , Higgins Darren E.
Published: March 2008

Listeria monocytogenesis an intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes life‐threatening disease. The mechanisms used byL. monocytogenesto invade non‐professional phagocytic cells are not fully understood. In addition to the requirement of bacterial determinants, host cell conditions profoundly influence infection. Here, we have shown that inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway by pharmacological inhibitors or RNA interference results in increasedL. monocytogenesinvasion of murine fibroblasts and hepatocytes. InlF, a member of the internalin multigene family with no known function, was identified as aL. monocytogenes‐specific factor mediating increased host cell binding and entry. Conversely, activation of RhoA/ROCK activity resulted in decreasedL. monocytogenesadhesion and invasion. Furthermore, virulence of wild‐type bacteria during infection of mice was significantly increased upon inhibition of ROCK activity, whereas colonization and virulence of aninlFdeletion mutant was not affected, thus supporting a role for InlF as a functional virulence determinantin vivounder specific conditions. In addition, inhibition of ROCK activity in human‐derived cells enhanced either bacterial adhesion or adhesion and entry in an InlF‐independent manner, further suggesting a host species or cell type‐specific role for InlF and that additional bacterial determinants are involved in mediating ROCK‐regulated invasion of human cells.
Safety and diagnostic yield of laparoscopically assisted full‐thickness bowel biospy
Authors: Knowles C. H. , Veress B. , Tornblom H. , Wallace S. , Paraskeva P. , Darzi A. , Martin J. E. , Nyberg B. , Lindberg G.
Published: March 2008

Abstract  Advances in minimally invasive surgery have made laparoscopy and full‐thickness bowel biopsy possible in the investigation of patients with suspected gastrointestinal neuromuscular disorders. The safety and diagnostic yield of this investigation have not been formally reported. A prospective study was undertaken of 124 patients with clinico‐physiological diagnoses of chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction, enteric dysmotility and severe irritable bowel syndrome undergoing LFTB in three European teaching centres with expertise in the management of gastrointestinal neuromuscular disorders. Perioperative data were collected including complications. Diagnostic yield was expressed as proportion with well‐established specific neuromuscular abnormalities based on a protocol of routine and immunohistochemical techniques. The majority of patients underwent a laparoscopically assisted procedure with extracorporeal biopsy. Median operating time was 50 min, conversion rate 2% and length of stay 1 day. There was an 8% readmission rate for obstructive symptoms but minimal other morbidity and no mortality. Overall specific diagnostic yield was 81%, being high for jejunal biopsies (89%) but low for a small number of ileal and colonic biopsies. Laparoscopy and full‐thickness biopsy of the bowel appears acceptable in terms of safety. It should be performed in a jejunal site to achieve a high diagnostic yield.
Nitrogen deficiency inhibits leaf blade growth in Lolium perenne by increasing cell cycle duration and decreasing mitotic and post‐mitotic growth rates
Authors: KAVANOVÁ MONIKA , LATTANZI FERNANDO ALFREDO , SCHNYDER HANS
Published: March 2008

Nitrogen deficiency severely inhibits leaf growth. This response was analysed at the cellular level by growing Lolium perenne L. under 7.5 mm (high) or 1 mm (low) nitrate supply, and performing a kinematic analysis to assess the effect of nitrogen status on cell proliferation and cell growth in the leaf blade epidermis. Low nitrogen supply reduced leaf elongation rate (LER) by 43% through a similar decrease in the cell production rate and final cell length. The former was entirely because of a decreased average cell division rate (0.023 versus 0.032 h−1) and thus longer cell cycle duration (30 versus 22 h). Nitrogen status did not affect the number of division cycles of the initial cell's progeny (5.7), and accordingly the meristematic cell number (53). Meristematic cell length was unaffected by nitrogen deficiency, implying that the division and mitotic growth rates were equally impaired. The shorter mature cell length arose from a considerably reduced post‐mitotic growth rate (0.033 versus 0.049 h−1). But, nitrogen stress did not affect the position where elongation stopped, and increased cell elongation duration. In conclusion, nitrogen deficiency limited leaf growth by increasing the cell cycle duration and decreasing mitotic and post‐mitotic elongation rates, delaying cell maturation.
NORWEGIAN SCABIES IN A MALE MONGOLOID: REPORT OF A CASE AND A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Zakon Samuel J. , McQuay Russell M.
Published: March 2008

Norwegian scabies, caused bySarcoptes scabiei, is a rare disease. It is often seen in the mentally deficient and the mentally retarded, especially in male mongoloids. The eleventh U. S. case is presented with an extensive bibliography.
QUANTITATIVE ULTRASTRUCTURAL VARIATIONS BETWEEN PITYROSPORUM OVALE AND P. ORBICULARE BASED ON SERIAL SECTION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Authors: Keddie F. M. , Barajas L.
Published: March 2008

From serial section electron micrographs, the ultrastructural cytology of whole cells of Pityrosporum ovale and P. orbiculare was analyzed volumetrically and illustrated in three‐dimensional images. Cells cultured on sodium taurocholate medium were fixed in both glutaraldehyde and potassium permanganate solutions and imbedded in Vestopal for serial sectioning. The volume of the cell, mitochondria and nucleus was obtained by measurements of successive sections through whole cells. The sections of one cell were built in a solid model. The average number of mitochondria in the cells of P. ovale was 23 and in P. orbiculare 2.6 per cell. The volume of the mitochondria was from 14% to 37% of the cell volume. The mitochondria of P. orbiculare appear to increase in size with cell volume, whereas in P. ovale, there may be an increase in number rather than in size. Two types of cellular bodies, one electron light and one electron dense, present in each species, also showed differences in size and number. The volume of the nucleus was 6 to 9% of the cell volume. The serial section analysis points to differences in mitochondrial biogenesis which may be of taxonomic value in separating the two species of Pityrosporutn.
ON ENDEMIC, “NON‐VENEREAL” SYPHILIS
Authors: Hasselmann C. M.
Published: March 2008

Endemic “non‐venereal” syphilis has various colloquial names in the regions between the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf, in Rhodesia, Betchuana, and elsewhere. Not infrequently the same colloquial names are indiscriminately applied to other dermatoses. Race, climate, nutrition and unknown factors are blamed for clinico‐morphological as well as epidemiological phenomena, but many more experimental investigations are necessary for elucidation.

Aside from the preponderance of lesions exclusively on the oral mucosa in a people of whom a considerable percentage probably have latent and congenital syphilis, the disease runs the same course in the Near East as elsewhere. Hence, it is misleading and confusing to call it by different, local and colloquial names.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL FINDINGS IN INCONTINENTIA PIGMENTI
Authors: CAPUTO R. , CIANOTTI F. , INNOCENTI M.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: From their ultrastructural study of incontinenti pigmenti, the authors confirm that in this condition there is no pigmentary anomaly, but that pigmentation is the last step of a still unknown process. At birth those who are affected display an intra‐cellular edema which leads to the formation of a vesicobulla. In all 3 stages, the epidermis shows dyskeratotic cells and a transient pigmentary discharge.
ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME INFANTUM ATROPHICANS
Authors: AZULAY R. D. , QUEVEDO L. P. , GIFUEIRA R. DAL BELLO , MANHAES L. E.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: A new case of erythema multiforme is described, characterized by multiforme eruption of erythematous papules, plaques and occasional bullous lesions. The acute stage lasts several weeks, then atrophy is noted. The face appears senile. Histo‐pathologically, the lesions show erythema multiforme in the acute phase; in the atrophic stage, a disappearance of the elastic fibers was observed.
GENITAL HERPES: TREATMENT WITH METHYLENE BLUE AND LIGHT EXPOSURE
Authors: CHANG TE‐WEN , FIUMARA NICHOLAS , WEINSTEIN LOUIS
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: Fifty‐six patients with genital herpes were treated by photodynamic inactivation of herpesvirus by methylene blue (36 patients), proflavine (10) or neutral red (10). The first 35 patients were randomly selected for treatment with one of the three dyes. All the others were initially treated with methylene blue. The disease was temporarily eradicated in about 70% of instances by exposure of the lesions to light plus topically applied methylene blue, neutral red or proflavine. Relapses, however, were not prevented or appreciably reduced.
PATHOGENESIS OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS OF THE SKIN
Authors: SINGH GURMOHAN
Published: March 2008

Staphylococcus aureus does not grow readily on normal skin, where an important factor inhibiting its growth is the resident flora. Hydration of the stratum corneum favors the growth of S. aureus. Before lesions of staphyloderma are produced, organisms multiply on the surface. Substances produced as the result of multiplication enter the skin and produce an irritant reaction characterized by necrobiosis, spongiosis followed by perivascular infiltration, exocytosis and intraepidermal vesicle formation. A technique was used whereby the skin surface was separated from growing S. aureus by a filter. Pustules were produced through the filter.
SPREAD OF TRICHOPHYTON MENTAGROPHYTES VAR. GRAN. INFECTION TO MAN
Authors: CHMEL L. , BUCHVALD J. , VALENTOVA M.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: The occurrence of T. mentagrophytes var. gran. infection of small mammals in their natural habitat was studied. The most common host of the exoanthropic mammals was Clethrionomys glareolus (bank vole); the next most common hosts were hemisynanthropes Sorex araneus (common shrew) and eusynanthropes Mus musculus (common mouse). Occurrence of infection increased during the winter months. Because small mammals gather in farm outbuilding during cold weather, man is more likely to be exposed to infection from them during this time. Infection from T. mentagrophytes var. gran. is more likely to occur among agricultural workers than among others. The type of work influences the location of skin infection.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF DESOXIMETASONE IN TREATMENT OF DERMATOSES AND PSORIASIS
Authors: NAIR B. K. H. , NAIR C. H. K.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: A comparative clinical evaluation of desoximetasone, a corticosterone derivative by a double blind study showed that desoximetasone has potent topical activity as effective as betamethasone valerate and Probably more effective than triamcinolone acetonide.
NEUROICHTHYOSIS WITH HYPOGONADSSM (RUD'S SYNDROME)
Authors: MALDONADO RAMON RUIZ , TAMAYO LOURDES , CARNEVALE ALESSANDRA
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: Rud's syndrome is a neuroichthyosis with hypogonadism, associated with mental deficiency and epilepsy. Short stature is a frequent component of the syndrome. The primary genetic defect and the pattern of inheritance have not yet been determined. A typical patient is presented, with mental deficiency, short stature, hypoacusia, muscular atrophy, tylosis, pseudoacanthosis nigricans and endocrine disturbances. The neuroichthyosis with hypogonadism must be considered Rud's syndrome. A classification of neuroichthyosis is proposed. In a first group is neuroichthyosis wilh hypogonadism, in the second group is neuroichthyosis with spasticity and in the third group, neuroichthyosis without hypogonadism or spasticity.
HERPETIFORM PEMPHIGUS, A VARIABLE PATTERN OF PEMPHIGUS
Authors: JABLONSKA STEFANIA , CHORZELSKI TADEUSZ P. , BEUTNER ERNST H. , CHORZELSKA JARZABEK
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: A patient with the clinical features of dermatitis herpetiformis and the histological features of pemphigus, subcorneal dermatosis and dermatitis herpetiformis did not respond to treatment with pyridine or sulfones. Systemic steroids and azothioprine were effective. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated circulating pemphigus antibodies and IgG bound in vivo in the intercellular spaces of the epidermis.
CLINICAL PATHOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS IN SEUDOXANTHOMA ELASTICUM
Authors: ENG ANA M. , BRYANT JAMES
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: Skin biopsy material obtained from 2 patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum associated with congenital hyperphosphatasia was compared with skin biopsy material obtained from 3 patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum unassociated with any other disease. Clinically normal skin showed calcification of normal‐appearing elastin as the initial change in pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Elastin fibers become more ravelled as the disease progresses. A previously unreported early transient calcification of collagen was demonstrated. Other abnormal collagen forms may also be present. The Von Kossa stain appears to be the stain of choice for identifying these earliest histologic changes.
DIFFUSE “ESSENTIAL” NORMOLIPEMIC XANTHOMATOSIS
Authors: RUDOLPH ROBERT I.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: Most types of cutaneous xanthomas are associated with hyperlipidemic states. However, the diffuse normolipemic xanthomatoses have normal lipid blood levels but are often associated with serious hepatic disease or hematologic dyscrasias, especially multiple myeloma. A patient is presented who had “essential” diffuse normolipemic xanthomatosis unassociated with any systemic disease, and displayed an unusual number of different types of lesions. His condition was clearly different from those of patients reported with xanthoma disseminatum.
RECURRENT CONTACT DERMATITIS CAUSED BY MERCURY IN AMALGAM DENTAL FILLINGS
Authors: FEUERMAN ELEASAR J.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: A metal worker had repeated episodes of contact dermatitis over a period of years. Patch tests with 5% ammoniated mercury were strongly positive but occupational contact could not be proved. Recurrence of the dermatitis one day after amalgam dental fillings had been made and again one year later, this time without new fillings, raised the possibility that it was due to the old amalgam fillings. Removal of all the amalgam fillings resulted in a new outbreak of severe dermatitis; during the 5 years ensuing there has been no recurrence. This case history suggests that contact dermatitis may be caused by not only the mercury in new fillings but also by that in old fillings.
CHRONIC PARONYCHIA IN WHICH HAIR WAS A FOREIGN BODY
Authors: STONE ORVILLE J.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: A patient who worked as a baker and a part‐time barber had chronic paronychia. Biopsy revealed the presence of hair in the dermis of the nail fold. This is only the second case of chronic paronychia to be reported in which the dermis contained nonmicrobial exogenous material. Based on experimental work it has been previously suggested that the rounding out of the posterior nail fold in most paronychia is due to the body's reaction to the penetration of debris derived from Candida albicans. However, patients recalcitrant to therapy or those exposed to chemicals or particulate material deserve detailed histologic study.
ERYTHEMA NODOSUM LEPROSUM IN NIGERIA
Authors: SOMORIN A. O.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: The occurrence of erythema nodosum leprosum among leprosy patients treated with diamino diphenyl sulfone in an endemic area is not rare, unlike in the leprosy patients treated at Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Two Nigerian patients with this disease are described, in whom this rarity was seen. Recurrent monthly fever with painful skin swellings in lepromatous patients from an endemic area is highly suggestive of erythema nodosum leprosum. The occurrence of this reaction in lepromatous leprosy gives a relatively poor prognosis.
INFECTION VERSUS DISEASE IN SOUTH AMERICAN BLASTOMYCOSIS
Authors: FURTADO TANCREDO
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: The mechanism of infection in South American blastomycosis is discussed, and the probability of a mild or asymptomatic form of the disease, regressing spontaneously with subsequent immunity, in persons living in endemic areas. Primary lesions in the oral mucosa or in the skin have not been convincingly shown to occur in paracoccidioidomycosis. Several reports of systemic involvement of many organs with no evidence of skin and mucosal lesions support the theory of pulmonary entry.
DIFFUSE DERMOGRAPHIC MASTOCYTOSIS WITHOUT VISIBLE SKIN LESIONS
Authors: RUIZ‐MALDONADO RAMON , TAMAYO LOURDES , RIDAURA CECILIA
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: The case is presented of a 3‐year‐old girl with urticaria and pressure dermographism. The condition began the age of one year. A skin biopsy confirmed the suspected diagnosis of diffuse mastocytosis.

The identification of the form of mastocytosis without skin lesions and with dermographism and pressure urticaria as its only signs is important. It should be considered in any chronic urticaria appearing at birth or in an early age which is unresponsive to the usual symptomatic medication.
MICROBIAL FLORA OF NURSES' HANDS
Authors: McBRIDE M. E. , MONTES L. F. , FAHLBERG W. J. , KNOX J. M.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: The hands of 50 nurses and 50 controls were tested for coagulase‐positive staphylococcus. Twenty‐eight percent of both groups were carriers. The mean staphylococcal count on the palm of the hand was 13.7 per 16 cm2 in nurses as compared to 442.7 per 16 cm2 in the control group. The number of persistent carriers was the same for each group, but 25% of all cultures from nurses were positive for Staphylococcus aureus as compared to 14.2% of the cultures from the control group. It was concluded that there was no direct correlation between high staphylococcal counts and persistence of carriage. The skin as a site of carriage of Staphylococcus aureus was found to be of greater importance in nurses than in control subjects.
VACCINATIONS IN THE PRESENCE OF SKIN DISEASES
Authors: WEBER G. , FALK U.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: The authors collected data from the literature and from experts on the subject of vaccination of patients with dermatologic disorders. They assembled these data into categories of specific skin conditions and vaccinations. These data may be used in deciding whether or not to vaccinate, and at which stage of the dermatologic condition.
FOURNIER'S GANGRENE OF THE SCROTUM
Authors: SINGH SHAMSHER , LYNFIELD YELVA L. , GRUBER HAROLD
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: Gangrene involving the male genitalia is extremely rare. It may occur without any predisposing cause. This necrotic process passes through various stages, and is self‐limited. No radical surgical procedure is indicated. A case of typical Fournier's gangrene of the scrotum is presented.
STEROID THERAPY: STILL A NEED FOR ANSWERS
Authors: ABRUZZO JOHN L.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: Various methods of steroid administration are reviewed, with emphasis on single dose alternate‐day oral administration as compared with daily administration. Alternate‐day therapy produces less adrenal and pituitary gland suppression and a reduced frequency of cushingoid features. Furthermore, the ability to resist infection is evidently better preserved. However, an overall therapeutic advantage cannot be claimed as there are few clinical trials with which to make a direct comparison. The numerous studies dealing with this form of therapy lack the rigorous control needed to answer the question of whether alternate‐day steroid therapy should be substituted for daily therapy in certain diseases.
CHRONIC ZINC DEFICIENCY SYNDROME IN A BEER DRINKER WITH A BILLROTH II RESECTION
Authors: WEISMANN KAARE , ROED‐PETERSEN JYTTE , HJORTH NIELS , KOPP HEINRICH
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: A 51‐year‐old woman, addicted to beer for several years, developed chronic zinc deficiency which caused severe mental impairment, a poor general condition with edema and diarrhea, widespread eczema craquelé and loss of hair. Laboratory tests showed a significantly lowered serum zinc concentration, microcytic anemia, an in‐versed serum albuminγy‐globulin ratio and a decreased serum thyroxine. Two years earlier, her external pancreatic function had been found severely impaired. Following oral therapy with zinc sulfate 0.2 g × 3R, daily, the patient's mental and physical condition totally changed. In two weeks serum zinc was within the normal range, while hemoglobin concentration, serum proteins, serum thyroxine became normal in 4–8 weeks.
DEEP MYCOSES PREVALENT IN THE IGBOS OF NIGERIA
Authors: ONUIGBO W. I. B. , CUGNANI H. C.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: During a 3‐year period, 6 cases of African histoplasmosis, 6 of phycomycosis and 5 of mycetoma were recognized hislo‐logically in 0.4 per cent of 4,307 surgical specimens rentoved Nigerian lgbos and examined at I central laboratory. Undoubt‐edly, these casts are buf fhe representatives of the mycological iceberg existing in this part of the world. Our experience suggests that collaboration between physicians, pathologisis and mycologisls should bring about increased infernational awareness of the deep mycoses.
TREATMENT OF HYPERHIDROSIS WITH TOPICAL METHENAMINE
Authors: BERCSTRESSER PAUL R. , QUERO ROBERTO
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: idiopathic palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis is a relatively common disor‐der of eccrine sweat gland function. Treat‐ment with glufaraldehyde or formaldehyde, although successful, may cause undesirable side effects. Methenamine is a polycyclic organic compound which releases ammonia and formaldehyde at acid pH. Five per cent methenamine in a firm slick gel, applied daily to one palmar or plantar surface of 109 patients with hyperhidrosis, resulted in significantly less sweating after one month. No patients were sensitized to formaldehyde.
TRICHOPHYTON VIOLACEUM INFECTION IN AN INDIAN SCHOOL
Authors: KAMALAM A. , THAMBIAH A. S.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: Trichophyton violaceum infection was found in 26% of 69 children attending a public boarding school. The possible source of infection may have been the adult women from the gypsy community discussed. Treatment with systemic griseofulvin and external sulphur salicylic ointment eliminated the infection in all affected individuals.
CLOFAZIMINE IN DERMATOLOGY
Authors: MACKEY J. P.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: In dermatology, patients with nodosum leprosum and discoid lupus erythematosus are benefited by clofazi‐mine therapy. Its use in other autoimmune diseases has to be considered. Patients with lupus pernio may respond to this regime, but further prolonged trials will have to be undertaken.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: BEERMAN HERMAN
Published: March 2008

Book reviewed in this article:

URTICARIA. Robert P. Warin and Robert H. Champion. Volume 1 in the Series Major Problems in Dermatology, Arthur Rook, Consulting Editor.

LEPROSY FOR PRACTITIONERS. S. J. Yawalkar.

ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENTS. Robert A. Scherrer and Michael W. Whitehouse.

THE PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE SKIN. Edited by A. Jarrett, M.D.

HANDBOOK OF MEDICAL TREATMENT. 14th Edition. Milton J. Chatton.

HISTORY OF ENTOMOLOGY. R. F. Smith, T. E. Mittler, C. N. Smith.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE: SELECTED TOPICS IN THE CLINICAL SCIENCES. William Creger, C. H. Coggins, E. W. Hancock.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: BEERMAN HERMAN
Published: March 2008

Book reviewed in this article:

1975 YEAR BOOK OF DERMATOLOGY. Frederick D. Malkinson and Roger W. Pearson.

IMMUNOLOGY IN MEDICAL PRACTICE. Geoffrey Taylor, M.D.

THE PHARMACOLOGICAL BASIS OF THERAPEUTICS. Fifth edition. Louis S. Goodman and Alfred Gilman.

CLINICAL METHODS IN DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY. J. S. Pasricha, M.D., Ph.D., F.C.A.
DERMATOLOGIC TESTING OF HOUSEHOLD LAUNDRY PRODUCTS: A NOVEL FABRIC SOFTENER
Authors: WEAVER JAMES E.
Published: March 2008

Household fabric softener products undergo the same testing evaluations by manufacturers as personal care products. A new product. Bounce, produced no irritation in challenge patch tests, provocative patch tests, continuous patch tests, repeated insult patch tests, prick tests and clinical wear tests. Bounce would not be expected to cause irritation or induce cutaneous sensitization.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: BEERMAN HERMAN
Published: March 2008

PATCH TESTING GUIDELINES. K. E. Malten, J. P.Nater, W. G. van Ketel.
TRIMETHOXYPSORALEN IN VITILIGO
Authors: ANNAMALAI R. , SUBHAN S. A. , VASANTHA M. , LAL M. B. S.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: The treatment of vitiligo has been unsatisfactory. Introduction of systemic furocoumarins to treatment regimens has given very promising results. Trimethylpsoralen has been found to be more potent than 8‐melhoxypsoralen. In cases studied, ultraviolet irradiation of affected sites following topical application of trimethylpsoralen was found to hasten the process of repigmentation. Simultaneous treatment of underlying disease produced a quicker response followed by sustained relief.
Book Reviews
Authors: BEERMAN HERMAN
Published: March 2008

Books reviewed in this article:

TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE. 14th edition. Paul B. Beeson, M.D. and Walsh McDermott, M.D.

ENFERMEDADES DE LA BOCA. David Grinspan

MODERN PROBLEMS IN PEDIATRICS/PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY. F. Faulkner, N. Kretchmer and E. Rossi.

STATISTICS IN MEDICINE. Theodore Colton

KORREKTIVE DERMATOLOGIE‐OPERATIONEN AN DER HAUT. (Corrective Dermatology‐Operations on the Skin). J. Petres and M. Hundeiker.
URTICARIA SECONDARY TO A COPPER INTRAUTERINE DEVICE
Authors: BARKOFF JOEL R.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: A 24‐year‐old woman developed an acute urticarial reaction secondary to a copper intrauterine contraceptive device. Allergy to copper was proven by scratch tests. The condition cleared with removal of the IUD.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL PATTERNS OF GENITAL LESIONS
Authors: SEHCAL V. N. , RECE V. L. , SEHGAL N. , KHARANGATE V. N. , MASCARENHAS M. F.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: A 5‐year study of 668 patients with genital lesions revealed that teenagers and those in the age group of 20 to 40 are most vulnerable. The poor, the uneducated and unmarried persons are at high risk. Chancroid and syphilis are the majority of cases. Inguinal bubo, herpes progenitalis, condylomata acuminata, erosive balanitis and traumatic ulcers were seen less frequently. Most of the genital lesions had the classic clinical features. The findings of this study suggest that the pattern of genital lesions is showing borderline changes.
KELOIDAL BLASTOMYCOSIS (LOBO'S DISEASE) WITH LYMPHATIC INVOLVEMENT: A CASE REPORT
Authors: AZULAY R. D. , CARNEIRO JAIME A. , CUNHA M. DA GRAÇA S. , REIS LOURANEIDE T.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: Keloidal blastomycosis (Lobo's disease) is reported in a 34‐year‐old man from the Brazilian Amazon area. His left ear and posterior auricular region were involved. He is the eighth of 99 patients known to have lymph node involvement.
CLINICAL STUDY OF POROKERATOSIS: REPORTS OF 10 CASES
Authors: GIRGLA H. S. , BHATTACHARYA S. K.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: Morphological and histopathological observations made over 4 years of 10 patients with porokeratosis are described. Absence of familial involvement was notable. Association of porokeratosis with tinea cruris, leprosy and epithelioma was seen, and their possible correlation is discussed.
TESTICULAR AND EPIDIDYMAL INVOLVEMENT IN LEPROSY PATIENTS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GYNECOMASTIA
Authors: EL‐SHIEMY SALEH , EL‐HEFNAWI HASSAN , ABDEL‐FATTAH ALI , EL‐OKBI MONA , FARID ADLY
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: Sixty‐six male patients with leprosy were studied. Only those with the lepromatous type developed testicular and epididymal changes. Nine of the 38 patients showed decreased sexual function, and 7 developed gynecomastia. These changes were believed to be due to the altered gonadal state.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: BEERMAN HERMAN
Published: March 2008

Book reviewed in this article:

SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. James F. Fries, M.D. and Halstead R. Holman, M.D.

SMALL ANIMAL DERMATOLOGY. George H. Muller, D.V.M. and Robert W. Kirk, D.V.M.
EXTERNAL HORDEOLUM (STY) CAUSED BY INFECTION WITH TRICHOPHYTON MENTAGROPHYTES
Authors: GREENBERG JOSEPH H. , FRANZBLAU MICHAEL J.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: A 6‐year‐old boy developed a sty of his right eye lid. This was proven to be caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes which was also recovered from a pet guinea pig.
EYE COLOR IN SKIN CANCER
Authors: PRIETO JOSE GAY
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: In Spain, 2175 patients with skin disease were studied for eye color; 425 had skin cancer and 1750 had other skin conditions. Of the skin cancer patients, 359 had light‐colored eyes (blue, green, gray or light brown). Of the others, 60% had dark‐colored eyes (black or dark brown).
AN UPDATE ON ACNE VULGARIS
Authors: FRANK SAMUEL B.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: Seven important therapeutic measures in managing acne are described, for the treatment of the 7 types of acne. These therapeutic measures are retinoic acid, benzoyl peroxide gel, topical antibiotics, oral antibiotics, intralesional corticosteriods, liquid nitrogen and oral corticosteroids.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: BEERMAN HERMAN
Published: March 2008

Book reviewed in this article:

DERMATOLOGY: ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT. Marion B. Sulzberger, M.D. and Jack Wolf, M.D.

DERMATOLOGIC THERAPY IN GENERAL PRACTICE. Marion B. Sulzberger, M.D. and Jack Wolf, M.D.

DERMATOLOGIC ALLERGY. Marion B. Sulzberger, M.D.

MEDICALUSES OF SOAP: A SYMPOSIUM. Morris Fishbein, M.D., editor. Review of Chapters 27–4 by Marion B. Sulzberger and Rudolf L. Baer.

YEAR BOOK OF DERMATOLOGY AND SYPH‐ILOLOGY, 1931–1953. Fred Wise, M.D. and Marion B. Sulzberger, M.D.
BULLOUS PEMPHIGOID IN CHILDHOOD: REPORT OF THREE CASES AND A REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: PIAMPHONGSANT THADA , CHAIKITTISILPA SIRIWAN , KULLAVANIJAYA PREYA
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: Three proven cases of bullous pemphigoid in childhood which responded to dapsone are reported. The clinical and immunological criteria for diagnosis were similar to those in the aged. This report emphasizes that the condition is a distinctive clinical entity and entirely different from dermatitis herpetiformis and benign chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood.
INCONTINENTIA PIGMENTI ACHROMIANS (ITO'S HYPOMELANOSIS)
Authors: PEÑA LICIA , RUIZ‐MALDONADO RAMÓN , TAMAYO LOURDES , OSUNA CARLOS ASTENCO , GONZALEZ‐MENDOZA AMADO
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: A 2‐year‐old Mexican girl had hypochromic lesions characteristic of incon‐tinentia pigmenti achromians on the right half of the body. Extra cutaneous alterations were: dacryostenosis, bilateral genu valgus, ataxic gait, language retardation, hydrocephaly and abnormal electroencephalogram. Electron microscopy showed numerous Langerhans cells in the epidermis.
ATTEMPTS TO RECOVER HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS FROM SKIN SITES OF RECURRENT INFECTION
Authors: SMITH EDGAR B. , McLAREN LEROY C.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: We attempted to recover herpes simplex virus from the cutaneous sites of recurrent infections by co‐cultivating explants of skin with monolayers of herpes virus susceptible cell lines. We were unable to demonstrate virus in the asymptomatic skin with this technique. Efforts to activate repressed virus in 2 patients by pretreatment of cultures with 5‐iodo‐2‐deoxyuridine and application of the indirect fluorescent antibody technique to skin from 3 patients also failed to reveal evidence of herpesvirus. Our results support the concept that latent herpesvirus resides in nerve tissue but not skin.
CALCIFYING ACNE LESIONS
Authors: BASLER RODNEY S. W. , WATTERS JEFFREY H. , TAYLOR WILLIAM B.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: Cutaneous calcium deposition can occur in long‐term inflammation. The deposition of calcium in long‐standing acne may produce either small pigmented nodules or no visible lesions. The former type is much less common, with the nodules containing particulate spheres of mineral which probably represent true osteomas. Both types of calcification can be demonstrated roentgenographically and may occur in as many as half of all cases of severe long‐standing acne.
INDIVIDUAL TRANSPARENCY PATTERNS OF ADHESIVE‐TAPE STRIP SERIES OF THE STRATUM CORNEUM
Authors: KLASCHKA F. , NORENBERC M.
Published: March 2008

A newly developed apparatus permits the differentiated transparency measurement of stripped horny layer material. An adhesive tape strip, covered with a stripped horny layer mass, is fixed on a glass plate and led past a homogenous light source and a photo cell at a constant speed, whereby each respective light‐current deviation is collected as a parameter for each respective strip model. It is then synchronously registered via a continuous‐line‐recorder. The systematic evaluation of original curves results in a reproducible individual horny layer model obtained by a methodically stripped adhesive tape series, successively taken under constant conditions from the same skin area. Three characteristic types of curves were observed.
THE EGYPTIAN SYCAMORE TREE: ITS USE IN DERMATOLOGY
Authors: EL ZAWAHRY M.
Published: March 2008

An extract of the sycamore tree, known by the ancient Egyptians for its medicinal properties, was used to treat certain dermatoses in a group of Egyptian patients. Twenty‐one patients having a variety of conditions including pityriasis alba, atopic dermatosis, psoriasis and tina infections were given a cream containing the active material. The response was excellent.
KELOIDAL BLASTOMYCOSIS (LOBO'S DISEASE) IN PANAMA
Authors: TAPIA ARTURO , TORRES‐CALCINDO ALFONSO , AROSEMENA REYNALDO
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT A 58‐year‐old Panamanian man had diagnosis of keliodal blastomycosis (Lobo's disease) by the scarring nodules on his ears and the fungi seen on histologic section.
STUDY WITH NINE THALIDOMIDE DERIVATIVES IN THE LEPRA REACTION
Authors: SHESKIN JACOB
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: In our studies, 3 out of the 9 thalidomide derivatives used to treat lepra reaction of lepromatous leprosy were effective. All 3 are known to be teratogenic in animal studies. This suggests that the teratogenic and the lepra reaction suppressive properties may be related.
MALIGNANT CHANGE IN A VERRUCOUS NEVUS
Authors: DOGLIOTTI M. , FRENKEL A.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: A 41‐year‐old man developed squamous‐cell carcinoma within a verrucous nevus of linear distribution of a long duration. Controversial cases have been reported in the literature. Such malignant change in verrucous nevus is extremely rare.
ACNE TREATED WITH A TOPICAL TETRACYCLINE PREPARATION: RESULTS OF A ONE‐YEAR MULTI‐GROUP STUDY
Authors: WECHSLER HARRY L. , KIRK JACQUELYN , SLONE JACOB
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: One hundred five patients were treated effectively with topically applied tetracycline in an ethanol‐water solution with n‐decyl methyl sulfoxide, and observed for a year. Comedones and cystic lesions were least responsive to topical tetracycline. Side effects, which were minor, included yellow staining of facial skin and stinging after application. Two patients, one with juvenile diabetes and one with congenital nephritis, successfully used the preparation without adverse effects.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF COMPARATIVE AND VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY. PART 12
Authors: CONROY JAMES D. , SHARP NANCY J.
Published: March 2008

The first installment of this continuing feature appeared in the Jan.‐Feb. 1977 issue (p. 37), the second in March (p. 143), the third in April (p. 218), the fourth in May (p. 287), the fifth in june (p. 401), the sixth in july‐August (p. 505), the seventh in September (p. 601), the eighth in October (p. 683), the ninth in November (p. 764), the tenth in December (p. 844), and the eleventh in january‐February (P. 58).
CUTANEOUS NON‐HODGKIN LYMPHOMA: RE‐EVALUATION OF HISTOLOGY USING ENZYMECYTOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGIC STUDIES
Authors: BURG GÜNTER , BRAUN‐FALCO OTTO
Published: March 2008

Abstract: With biopsies from 101 cutaneous lymphoma patients, enzymecytochemical and immunologic features of the lesions were outlined Their histo‐ and cytornorphology and Kiel classification were defined.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF COMPARATIVE AND VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY. PART 16
Authors: CONROY JAMES D. , SHARP NANCY J.
Published: March 2008

The first installment of this continuing feature appeared in the jan.‐Feb. 1977 issue (p. 37); part 2, March (p. 143); part 3, April (p. 218); part 4, May (p. 287); part 5, June (p. 401); part 6, July‐August (p. 505); part 7, September (p. 601); part 8, October (p. 683); part 9, November (p. 764); part 10, December (p. 844); part 11, Jan.‐Feb. 1978 (p. 58); part 12, March (p. 142); part 13, April (p. 228); part 14, May (p. 342); and part 15, June (p. 404).
DERMAL NEUROMA SIMULATING LEPROSY
Authors: McDOUGALL A. C.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: A 45‐year‐old Pakistani woman reported to a clinic in Karachi with a one‐year history of hypopigmented lesions on the left side of the face and neck. On first presentation the lesions were rough‐surfaced and hypoaesthetic; the clinical findings in this highly endemic area of the world suggested macular tuberculoid leprosy. The patient was treated with dapsone for a period of 5 years, but with no change in the appearance or size of the lesions. Subsequent biopsies revealed an unusual neuromatoid pathology in the dermis, in which axons were absent on light and electron microscopy, with neurilemmoma being considered as a possible diagnosis.
THE ROLE OF LYSOSOMES IN THE HEALING PROCESS OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS
Authors: SANDBANK MIRIAM , BEN‐DAVID EITAN
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT: Biopsy material in early and late stages of cutaneous lishmaniasis was obtained. The ultra‐structural study using acid phosphatase reaction as a marker for lysosomes showed that in early stages parasites proliferate undisturbed within macrophage cytoplasm. At later stages numerous degenerating parasites were seen and macrophage lysosomes were observed adhering to and pouring their contents into the parasite. It is assumed that activated macrophages controlintracellular parasitism by lysosomal activity.
THE SECULAR CHANCES OF SKIN AND VENEREAL DISEASES IN NICERIA
Authors: SOMORIN A. O.
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT:A retrospective review of the changing phase of the incidence of dermatoiogical and venereal diseases, as seen in University Teaching Hospital practice in Lagos, Nigeria is presented. Ahout 8,849 new patients were seen over a 5‐year‐period. An analysis of the dermatoiogical conditions encountered is made, while brief reports of few common skin conditions are also given. The clinical pattern was similar to those of Western countries, but with addition of a great number of dermatoses. This similarity has been modified by epidemiological factors. A national program for improvement of the environmental health including control of industrial and communicable diseases will ameliorate the increasing morbidity of tropical dermatology.