bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Engineering for Ethical Dilemma about Anti-Corruption Intellectual Consciousness
Authors: Wahyu Prananta Arie , Siahaan Hotman
Published: April 2019

This study aims to find that high integrity is to break away from personal roles and public roles, starting with the selection of places they develop intellectuals in the anti-corruption movement. So they choose a place that can accommodate the minds of those who are anti-mainstream and dare to get out of their comfort zones and enter into a system to change the system, even though at risk they will become isolated individuals, unpopular and always in a separate space. For those who from the beginning chose the area of power and politics gave rise to two groups of intellectuals, namely the group that still wishes to carry out anti-corruption thinking and groups that merge into corruptors. The ethical dilemma for groups in the area of the anti-corruption movement is lighter because the ethical dilemma is in his role. While the groups in the field of power and politics are more massive because some can only see and experience extraordinary shock until stressed but cannot report it, some others fall into the world of corruption.Â Â
Effectiveness of Desa Siaga-Alert Village Programs for Empowerment of Self-Independent Communities Case Study: Desa Siaga Rabies-Rabies Alert Villag of Martajaya Village, Pasangkayu District
Authors: Farida Umi , . Ansar , Bata Ilyas Gunawan , . Jamaludin , Sahabudin Chuduriah
Published: April 2019

The concept of Desa Siaga is to build one system in a village that is responsible for the health of the community itself. Desa Siaga encourages people to have the ability and initiative to respond immediately. The aim of the study will review the problem of how effective the Desa Siaga RabiesÂ  program is for independent healthy community empowerment in Martajaya Village, Pasangkayu District. The results of the study show that the implementation of the Desa Siaga Rabies program has run quite well, but it cannot be said to be effective for the empowerment of independent healthy communities..Â Â Â
Primary School Teachersâ€™ Understanding of Critical Thinking in KSSR Classroom and Its Importance to Students
Authors: Kamarulzaman Wirawani , Hashim Rosnani
Published: April 2019

Critical thinking is one of the 21st century skills that should be equipped to students to prepare them with the challenges ahead. Teachers should be prepared to teach them these skills and their understanding of the concept itself should be explored. Thus, the objectives of the study are to investigate teachersâ€™ understanding of critical thinking in KSSR (Kurikulum Baru Sekolah Rendah: New Primary School Curriculum) classroom and to explore their perception on the importance of the skills to student. Six primary school teachers were interviewed and transcriptions were made. The data was analyzed through colour coding and themes were emerged from the analysis. The findings found that teachers view critical thinking as the ability to gather information, express thoughts, solve problems and analyze. They were found the skills are important for students as it helps them apply knowledge and make decisions. It is hoped that in future research, the definition of critical thinking could be collected quantitatively from teachers. The study will be benefited to teachers to improve teaching method by understanding the concept itself.Â Â Â
Modified PWNLFM Signal for Side-Lobe Reduction
Authors: Adithya valli N. , D. Elizabath Rani Dr.
Published: April 2019

Many applications in radar systems require low range side-lobe performance which is achieved by pulse compression processing. Most used chirp signal for this processing is linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal but with a presence of first high side-lobe level. Suppression of this side-lobe requires weighting function causing the reduction in signal to noise ratio at the receiver owing to mismatch loss. Non-linear chirp signals are introduced as a solution and became most practiced signals aimed at reducing side-lobes. In this paper, an overall piece wise non-linear frequency modulation chirp signal is designed by merging two stages, one with linear function and the other with a tangent based non-linear function. Simulation results show significant reduction in the sidelobe level of autocorrelation function when NLFM is generated in this method.Â
Channel accessing and handoff mechanisms in TV white spaces based on channel sensing and database information
Authors: Chaitanya K Krishna , CK Meghalatha , K Annapurna , Ramanjaneyulu B Seetha
Published: April 2019

Opportunistic channel accessing and handoff mechanisms are crucial for the successful implementation of cognitive radio networks that depend on vacant channel frequencies of TV white spaces and other primary users. In this work, two such mechanisms that enable quick accessing of vacant channels and cause less interference to primary users are proposed. In these methods, combination of database information and local sensing of channels is used, to know about available vacant channels. If the primary user of incumbent channel returns, the secondary user moves to another vacant channel that is found to be free after scanning. Information from database can be used to speed up the process by limiting the scanning to few probable channels, instead of searching for all. The results show that these methods offer quick handoff of secondary users and cause less interference to primary users.Â Â
Experimental Study of Replacement the Tension Reinforcing Bars in Concrete Beams by Steel Pipes
Authors: Saadoon Al-Yassri Labeeb , Mahdi Al-Khekany Alaa , Satea Abbas Hajer
Published: April 2019

Structures designed with reinforced concrete beams are used extensively in construction projects because of their functional and economic features. In this research, tested concrete beams were cast and reinforced with small diameter steel pipes and /or steel bars as flexural reinforcement to study the effect of this configuration of reinforcement on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams. The idea of this research involves performing and testing of four reinforced concrete beams reinforced by small diameter steel pipes with different percentages of replacement with traditional steel bars (0%, 33%, 66% and 100%). The experimental results showed that using of steel pipes reduces the flexural capacity by (2.7, 18.3, 37.5%) if compared with traditional steel bar according to the replacement percentages of (33%, 66%, and 100%) respectively. Moreover, the stiffness of beams reinforced with steel pipes (fully or partially) decreased as a result of the difference in the mechanical properties between steel bar and the steel pipe and also, the bond strength reduction between the smooth steel pipe and surrounded concrete.Â Â
Tensile Behavior of Alternative Reinforcing Materials as Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Mortar FRCM
Authors: A. Mousa Mohammed
Published: April 2019

The adoption of new reinforcing and retrofitting materials provide an alternative and affordable techniques that can be utilized in low-income communities. FRCM is comprised of a broad spectrum family of reinforcing materials such that it allowed utilizing affordable local alternatives such as fishing net FN and welded wire steel mesh WWSM. The composite effectiveness stems from the compatible inorganic matrix properties which have similar properties to the substrate unlike other composites such as FRP. The tensile response of FN and WWSM and their mortar composites has been experimentally studied to characterize their strength, deformation, and the bonding between the reinforcement and the mortar. Experimental investigations on dog-bone composites specimens with their materials samples subjected to uniaxial tensile load were performed. The experimental campaign included testing 12 composite specimens taking into account multiple parameters like material, thread thickness, and the layer effect. The results show comparable strengths and high deformation capacity (12.5 times) of FN to the WWSM. Finally, the SEM imaging shows a well-impregnation between the mortar and the reinforcement of both materials. The tensile response of the composite emphasizes its potential as structural retrofitting and hazard mitigation technique for local builders and house owners in developing countries.Â Â
Physicochemical Quality Assessment and Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Quality in Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Salman Dawood Ammar , Sagban Khudier Ahmed , Naeemah Bashara Ahmed
Published: April 2019

Groundwater is the very vital natural resource which must not be essentially utilized and sustained unless its quality is precisely evaluated. A total of 41 groundwater samples were collected from selected areas within Basrah province in 2014 to assess its suitability for irrigation uses. Physicochemical indices such as permeability index (PIÂ  5.44 to 84.32 meq L-1), percentage of sodium (Na%Â  8.87 to 51.03 meq L-1) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR 0.11 to 39.33 meq L-1) indicate that the groundwater in the study area is suitable for irrigation except for few locations.Â  The results show that the high values of total dissolved solids (TDS > 3000 mg L-1) for some samples minimized their application for irrigation. Principal component and cluster analyses were usually used as a supporting tool for assistance arrange and interpret the chemical analysis. Three principal components explanation for most of the variability in the groundwater data were represented.Â Â
Finite Element Analysis for The Response of URM Walls Supporting RC Slab
Authors: Rafid Ahmed Ammar , H. Al-Zuhairi Alaa
Published: April 2019

The aim for this research is to investigate the effect of inclusion of crack incidence into the 2D numerical model of the masonry units and bonding mortar on the behavior of unreinforced masonry walls supporting a loaded reinforced concrete slab. The finite element method was implemented for the modeling and analysis of unreinforced masonry walls. In this paper, ABAQUS, FE software with implicit solver was used to model and analyze unreinforced masonry walls which are subjected to a vertical load. Detailed Micro Modeling technique was used to model the masonry units, mortar and unit-mortar interface separately. It was found that considering potential pure tensional cracks located vertically in the middle of the mortar and units shows an increase in masonry strength of about 10% than the strength calculated using the procedure recommended by the Masonry Society Joint Committee in the building code.Â Â
Torsional Strength Enhancement of Reinforced SCC Box Beams Using Internal Transverse Steel Bracing Technique
Authors: Hussein Abdallah Muhammad , Hameed Aziz Ali
Published: April 2019

An experimental investigation was conducted, in this paper, to evaluate the torsional strength enhancement of reinforced self-compacting concrete box beams using internal transverse steel bracing technique. Seven beam specimens have dimensions of (2100x300x300mm) for length; width and depth respectively, were poured and tested under pure torsion. Three variables were adopted in the present study; presence or absence of steel bracings, type of steel bracing (X-Type and XW-Type) and a number of steel bracing (1,3 and 5). Accordingly, the tested beams are divided into three groups (based on steel bracing type), the first group consists of one non-strengthened beam specimen (reference), the second group consists of three beams strengthened by X-Type steel bracing; while, the third group consists of three beams strengthened by XW-Type steel bracing. It was found that the ultimate torque moment increased by about (14.4%, 34.3% and 59.2%) for beam specimens containing one, three and five X-Type steel bracing, respectively, in comparison with the reference beam. While, the ultimate torque moment increased by about (21.9%, 41.8% and 71.6%), for beam specimens containing one, three and five XW-Type steel bracing, respectively, in comparison with the reference beam. The paper concludes that the contribution was enhanced using the adopted technique.Â Â Â
Influence of a Retarding Admixture on the Behavior of Mortars Made from Different Types of Cement
Authors: Merawi Borhan Tumadhir , A. Al-Ramahee Munaf , Al-Hassnawi Noor , Ali AlZaidi Zaid
Published: April 2019

The effect of retarding admixture on the fresh and hardened behaviour of different types of cement mortars and pastes when using a retarding admixture was investigated in this study. The types of cement used are; White cement (WhC), Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and Sulphate Resistant Portland cement (SRC). Different cement mortar and paste mixes were cast, for this purpose, with and without the admixture. Initial and final setting times, compressive strength, length change, absorption and density for these mixes were examined at the curing ages of 3,7,28,45 days. The results showed that the addition of retarding admixture delayed the setting time significantly of WhC paste. The retarding admixture has a positive effect on the compressive strength of the mortar specimens for all types of cement used. regarding the length change test, the admixture was found to reduce the initial expansion for all types of cement at all ages. The results also showed an increase in the density and decrease in water absorption, especially at the later ages for all types of cement.Â  Among all cement types used, WhC was noticeably the most affected type by using the retarding admixture compared to other types of cement used.Â Â
Optimum Design of Steel Trapezoidal Box-Girders Using Finite Element Method
Authors: H. Mohammed Abbas , S. Abdul-Razzaq Khattab
Published: April 2019

The target of basic plan is to choose part sizes with the ideal proportioning of the in general auxiliary geometry. Regular steel trapezoidal box-supports have been utilized generally in different designing fields. The target of this examination is to create three-dimensional limited component display for the size improvement of steel trapezoidal box-braces. The limited component programming bundle ANSYS was utilized to decide the ideal cross segment measurement for the steel trapezoidal-box support. Two target capacities were considered in this investigation which are: minimization of the strain vitality and minimization of the volume. The plan factors are the width of the best spine, the width of the base rib, the thickness of the best rib, the thickness of the base rib, the stature of the support and the thickness of the networks. The imperatives considered in this examination are the ordinary and shear worry in steel brace and the dislodging at mid-length of the support. Improvement consequences of steel brace show that the ideal territory of cross segment for the strain vitality minimization is more noteworthy than the ideal for volume minimization by 6 %. The base cross area is the financial structure, hence the volume minimization is more pertinence for steel brace advancement.Â Â
Evaluation of the Impact of Existing Condition and Overlay Characteristics on Asphalt Overlay Design and Performance based on a Mechanistic-Empirical Approach
Authors: F. Jasim Abbas , F. Al-Saadi Israa , F. Al-Saadi Anmar
Published: April 2019

The present study sought to determine how the overlay design and performance of asphalt concrete (AC) were affected by existing pavement condition and overlay material properties. To that end, this study was performed in different scenarios of traffic and structure with the latest AASHTO design software AASHTOWare (version 2.3). The modulus and rut depth of existing layers, the interface condition between AC overlay and existing pavement, and the AC overlay properties of Poissonâ€™s ratio and performance grade were addressed in the current study. Besides the overlay thickness design, the investigation also focused on pavement performance to determine how separate distresses were impacted by existing pavement condition and the properties of the overlay material. The investigation produced three major outcomes, as follows: the current AC layer thickness and design traffic determined the extent to which the existing AC layer condition affected the overlay design thickness; the overlay performance and design were not significantly affected by the existing base and subgrade condition; and fatigue cracking was more strongly influenced by the existing AC layer modulus and interface bonding condition compared with the rutting potential.Â
Effect of Coarse Aggregate Size on Shear Behavior of Self-Compacting Concrete and Conventional Concrete Beams
Authors: A. Ismael Murtada , J. Abd Haitham , A. Hameed Adham
Published: April 2019

This research presents an experimental study to investigate the effect of coarse aggregate maximum size on the shear behavior of self-compacting concrete (SCC) and conventional concrete (CC) slender beams having the same compressive strength and make a comparison between the shear behavior of concrete beams. The experimental program included casting and testing eight beams with a constant size of 150mm height Ã—125mm widthÃ—1000mm length. Two coarse aggregate maximum sizes were used (10mm and 20mm) with SCC and CC in normal and high strength concrete. The results showed that increasing the coarse aggregate maximum size from 10mm to 20mm results in a slight increase in the diagonal cracking load and ultimate shear strength of SCC beams, while for CC beams the result was more significant. Also, it was found that the effect of increasing the coarse aggregate maximum size was more significant for normal strength as compared with high strength beams for both concrete types. Furthermore, the comparison between the shear behavior of SCC and CC beams having the same compressive strength and a concrete with the same coarse aggregate maximum size revealed that the SCC exhibited less diagonal cracking load and less ultimate strength compared with CC.Â Â Â
Improvement of Gypsum Soil by Using Polyurethane to Reduce Erosion and Solubility of Irrigation Canals
Authors: Th. Al-Hadidi Maysam , G. Ibrahim Atheer
Published: April 2019

The reducing of erosion and the solubility of irrigation canals soils which constructed on gypsum soil is important in civil and water resources engineering. The main problem of gypsum soils is the presence of gypsum which represents one of most complex engineering problems, especially when accompanied by the moving of water which represent dynamic load along the canal. There are several solutions to this problem, in this research â€œPoly urethaneâ€ is used to give the gypsum soil sufficient hardness to reduce the solubility and erosion, after compacting the soil in the canal, percentages of Poly urethane was used to making cover to the soil by mixing percent of soil with Poly urethane, and the ratio was as follows: (5 and 10) % and the percent of Poly urethane were as follows: 6%, 10%, and 12%. The collapsibility of the soil was calculated by measuring the height of the soil after the passage of water along the canal. This collapsibility was used as an index to calculate the erosion and the solubility of gypsum within the soil. The results show that the best percentage of poly urethane is (10%), which gave small value in corrosion about (3%) at 28 days.Â Â
Effects of Soluble Lignocellulose Substances of Wood Particles on the Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Concrete
Authors: M. ALmusawi Aqil , A. ALzaidi Zaid , A. Qasim Tamara
Published: April 2019

Recent trends in lightweight concrete manufacturing have led to a proliferation of studies demonstrating that wood aggregates can be used to produce sustainable green concrete composites. However, wood particles contain soluble substances (saccharides), which have a significant effect on the setting time of Portland cement. To attain a better understanding of this, two types of wood were treated in boiling water. After the treatment process, the resulting water (â€œboiling water of woodâ€) was used to study its effect on the initial setting time of Portland cement. The mechanical properties and the density were also investigated for concrete mixtures consisting of 0, 5, 7.5, and 10% treated wood particles (weight replacement from coarse aggregate). As a result, the effect of the woodâ€™s soluble substances was determined and the optimum mix proportion was chosen for achieving the minimum nominal density and the best mechanical properties.Â Â
Using Arithmetic Weighted and Bhargava Methods to Classify Irrigation Water Quality Index for Shatt-Al Kufa in Najaf Province, Iraq
Authors: M. Kizar Fatima , . .
Published: April 2019

WQI is a mathematical method used to convert the bulk of the information into a single number to express the data in a simplified and explicable form. This study is concerned with evaluating an applicable WQI for irrigation use at several locations on Shatt Al-Kufa. The ten water quality parameters of pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Hardness (T.H), Calcium (Ca+2), Magnesium (Mg+2), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Chlorides (Cl-1) and Sulphate (SO4)-2 were studied over a period of twelve months (January to December 2017) for six selected locations, including Zerkh, Kufa, Manathira, Hira, Mashkhaband Qadisiya on Shatt Al-Kufa, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) was also calculated. Two methods (Weighted Arithmetic and Bhargava) were applied to categorize the WQI of the raw river water for irrigation use, and then a comparison of the two methods was made to determine the difference between them. The Results of the overall, annual and seasonal WQI values according to both Weighted Arithmetic and Bhargava methods were classified as good in all selected locations with the except of some cases in summer, spring and autumn seasons for Weighted Arithmetic which were classified as excellent (0-25). The difference between the two methods is also presented.Â Â Â
Possibility of Using Concrete Reinforced by Carbon Fibre in Construction
Authors: Mahdi Fawzi Aljalawi Nada , M.K. Al-Jelawy Haider
Published: April 2019

This work focuses on studying the mechanical characteristics of carbon fibre reinforced concrete, containing a different percentage of fibre. This work was carried out using several tests. These tests were hardened density, compressive strength, flexural strength . Tests were performed for specimens at ages of (7,28,60) days. The test results indicated that the inclusion of fibre in the reference concrete mixes did not affect the compressive strength significantly, while the flexural strength was improved. Test results indicated that the flexural strength of (0.75%) carbon fibre concrete specimens are twice that of the reference specimens in age of 28 days . The percentage of increasing the flexural strength for carbon mixes containing fibre by volume fraction of (0.5%, 0.75%) were (23%, 27%) respectively at age of 28 days.Â
Influence of Cavity Under Hydraulic Structures on Seepage Characteristics
Authors: Abdul Jabbar Jamel Asmaa , Ibrahim Ali Muataz
Published: April 2019

Cavities under hydraulic structures have a significant influence on the stability of these structures. This study depends on (SEEP/W) software for a hydraulic structure model with an upstream sheet pile. Thus, different results are obtaining for discharge, uplift pressure and exit gradient. For the output a dimensional analysis is perform to study the effect of these variables. Also (SPSS), where special equations are obtaining for seepage discharge, uplift pressure and exit gradient has a coefficient of determination and correlation (0.9, 0.89, 0.8) respectively. The effect of the presence of the cavities on seepage properties whenever the location of the cavity before the sheet pile increased its effect on the discharge and uplift pressure in contrast to the exit gradient where cavity approaching the end of the structure that is increasing its impact on the exit gradient. Also decrease the depth of the cavity from ground increase its impact on the characteristics of seepage, as well as the greater coefficient of permeability and the diameter of the cavitation will increase seepage properties. Also shows that when comparing the state of the presence of cavity with the absence of it, different behaviors with different characteristics of seepage will appear at different percentage.
Estimation of Tap Water Quality in Babylon Governorate /Iraq, (2017) in Accordance with CCME
Authors: Ali Hammood Zahraa , Jassim Mahan Elaf , Kadhim Tayyeh Halah
Published: April 2019

This research included evaluation quality of water by utilizing Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) by analyzing many chemical and physical properties of tap water (inside houses) for five regions (AL Musayab, AL Kasim, AL kifil, AL Mahawil and Hilla Center) in Babylon Governorate, Iraq. The properties included (PH, temperature, Ec, Hardness, turbidity, T.D.S, Ca, So4, Mg) through three months (January, February, and March) / 2017. The evaluated amounts of CCME WQI proved that the quality of water round five regions were good through study interval and calculated amounts of properties were in Iraqi standards of drinking water (No. 417,2001) except Ca and turbidity.Â Â Â
Classification of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Production Minerals Mapping Using Geological Map and Geomatics Techniques
Authors: Sabah Jaber Hussein , . .
Published: April 2019

The classification of hyperspectral images is an interesting job since the data dimension is huge for conventional classification procedures; normally several hundreds of spectral bands are attained for each image. These spectral bands can supported very rich spectral data of each pixel to find objects material .The objective of this research is to classify hyperspectral images for detection and production of detailed minerals mapping using geological map and Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) software. In this research, ASTER data and geological map have been used. Some techniques on these data are used such as enhancement, matching (linking), De-correlation, Band Ratio, stacking image and classification. The results showed that comparison of the two classification results showed the classification of stack image with the aspect and the slope provide more information than classification of ASTER image alone. Also, using ENVI software to generate 3D surface views.It concluded that capability of hyperspectral and its differentiation with multispectral data to extract detailed features from ASTER image.Â
Modified Strut Effectiveness Factor for FRP-Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams
Authors: N. Hanoon Ammar , R. Al Zaidee Salah , Sahib Banyhussan Qais , A. Abdulhameed Ali
Published: April 2019

A few examinations have endeavored to assess a definitive shear quality of a fiber fortified polymer (FRP)- strengthened solid shallow shafts. Be that as it may, need data announced for examining the solid profound pillars strengthened with FRP bars. The majority of these investigations don't think about the blend of the rigidity of both FRP support and cement. This examination builds up a basic swagger adequacy factor model to evaluate the referenced issue. Two sorts of disappointment modes; concrete part and pulverizing disappointment modes were examined. Protection from corner to corner part is chiefly given by the longitudinal FRP support, steel shear fortification, and cement rigidity. The proposed model has been confirmed utilizing an aggregate of 45 databases gathered from writing. Results show that the proposed model can evaluate a definitive shear quality. Structure of trial (DOE) programming was used to examine the impact of different parameter esteems on a definitive shear quality limit. The outcomes demonstrate that the shear range to powerful profundity proportion has the most astounding impact contrasted and alternate parameters.Â Â Â
Influence of Percentage Replacement of Metakaolin on Different Concrete Types Exposed to Internal Sulphate Attack
Authors: K. Awad Hadeel , K. Aboud Rawaa , D. Mohammed Shatha
Published: April 2019

This research presents an experimental investigation on the influence of metakaolin replacement percentage upon some properties of Â Â Â Â Â Â different concrete types. Three types of concrete were adopted (self- compacted concrete, high performance concrete and reactive powder concrete) all of high sulphate (SO3) percentage from the fine aggregate weight, 0.75%.Three percentages of metakaolin replacement were selected to be studied (5, 7 and 10) %. Three types of concrete properties (compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strength) were adopted to achieve better understanding for the influence of adding metakaolin..Â The output results indicated that the percentage of metakaolin had a different level of positive effect on the compressive strength for both including and excluding of internal sulphate attack. This effect reached at 28 days of curing to (11.86, 10.22 and 4.75) % in case of excluding sulphate attack and to (13.82, 11.47and 6.53) % in the other case for SCC, HPC and RPC respectively. It can be concluded that the effect of metakaolin in both SCC and HPC are more influence than in RPC. Splitting and flexural strength have showed a similar behavior, flexural strength increased by (15.38, 9.42 and 5,84) % at age of 28 days when the sulphate attack is excluded, while it was (14.02, 10.66 and 4.28)% in case of sulphate attack included for SCC,HPC and RPC respectively. The response of splitting tensile strength for both including and excluding of sulphate attack reached to (13.03, 12.95 and 9.17) % and (16.88, 10.33 and 6.74) % respectively for SCC, HPC and RPC.Â Â Â
Analytical Study of Static Observation According to IGS Products
Authors: A. Alkanaani Hayder
Published: April 2019

There are many factors affecting the observation accuracy that adopt GNSS technique based on the International GNSS Service (IGS). This can be due to several factors occur in observing process, including satellites and stations clocks, atmospheric parameters, earth crust movement that causes annual changes in the earth's points locations including IGS stations, as well as Earth Polar Motion (EPM). This error ranges from a several centimeters to a few meters. To avoid these errors IGS gave many instructions to increase the observations accuracy in order to reach precise positioning measurements.The objective of this study is to analyze the IGS products and then make a test by observing some points with (Leica Viva GNSS) device and send them to correction by adopt the instructions of this site, which are classified into four broad categories (Broad Cast, Ultra Rapid Predicted and Observed, Rapid, Final). All of these factors are affected by (observing period, Dilution of precision DOP, the timing of data transmission to the relevant site). The accuracy of the observed coordinates are related to these factors. A solution of this problem may be identifying by comparing the OPUS correction with the ideal IGS products to know the difference.Finally, the results of the maximum observing period data (4 hours) and (4 week processing) were compared with the ideal values prepared by the IGS products then specifying the difference value. The results may be adopted as a guide for the surveyor to specify the optimum method of observing.Â Â
Suitability Analysis for the Locations of Schools Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing for Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq
Authors: M. Al-khuzaie Marwah , Janna Hussein , A. Al-Yousify Hayder , Al-Rubaye Ahmed
Published: April 2019

There are several factors affect the determination of the best location for schools, however, it is very difficult to satisfy by one method for location determination. These factors can be classified to environmental, economic, technical and political social demands. In this study, a frame work, depended on analytic hierarchy process, for determination of the best location an ArcGIS10.1 software was applied to deal with geographical information system and uncertainty situations. Nine sets were used in this study: distance from emergency facilities, distance from existing schools, distance from roads, distance from rivers, distance from railway, distance from land use, distance from gas pipe and population density. Four scores then were found depending on normalizing of the nine sets: Unsuitable, Less Suitable, Suitable and Most Suitable areas. This research aims to find the best locations for primary schools by creating a model which applied into construction and making digital maps and hard copy for the schools that can be updated with demanded. Using GIS will make a huge development in selecting the locations of new schools and also can be applied in different other sectors.Â Â
The Removal of Terasil Navy Blue Dye from Al-Kut Textile Wastewater Using Membrance Technologies
Authors: Asal Gzar Hatem , Khalid shhaieb Zahraa
Published: April 2019

The current work was devoted to study the operating feasibility using membranes which were manufactured locally, two membrance types were tested nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membrane to treat the effluent of Al-kut textile industry. Based on the usage rate in Iraq textile industries, terasil navy blue (TNB) is one of the common disperse dyes discharged in effluent wastewater. Therefore this type of dyes was selected to experience in this study. Parameters such as effects of TNB concentration, feed temperature and operating pressure and its effect on permeate flux noticed and the TNB rejection were investigated. The results show that when using NF system at pressure of 10 bar and when the temperature increased from 25ÂºC to 37ÂºC, it was found that an increase in permeate flux from 46.97 to 50 LMH.Â  However, in UF system permeate flux was increased from 41.32 to 45.04 LMH.Â  While dye removal was decline in NF membrane from 96.00 to 95.14 and for UF from 79.50 to 78.67 when the temperature raised from 25ÂºC to 37ÂºC.The pressure state positive effects on dye removal for both membranes, it show that NF membrane is better in treatment than UF membrane.Â Â
Investigation of the Optimal Percentage from Polyvinyl Alcohol on Flexural Strength of Cement Mortar Composite
Authors: A. Abbas Waleed , N. Korkess Iqbal , Jasim H. Mahdi
Published: April 2019

Polyvinyl alcohol solution(PVA) proveded potential enhancement of the properties of cement mortar composite. This work investigated the effect of (w/c) and polymer-cement ratios (p/c) on the flexural strength of type I Portland cement mortar. A sand-cement ratio (s/c) of 1.25 and 0.5 by mass was used, and PVA powder was dispersed in water at (0.7%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) by weight of cement. The p/c solution was adjusted at five different values of 0.008, 0.012, 0.016, 0.020 and 30% covering relatively low and high values. Two types of curing were used; wet and dry curing. The study results demonstrated that flexural strength and significant water absorption properties of Portland cement mortar, as well as workability can be basically enhanced by the addition of PVA. Composite was prepared with optimum (p/c) 1.6% at concentration of 1% by mass under dry curing. The highest flexural strength was above twice the flexural strength of unmodified mortar. Also modified mortar samples illustrated that increasing of (p/c) causes reducing water absorption due to the packing effect caused by PVA, while mortar prepared at 0.1 and 0.3 w/c and (p/c) respectively, exhibited an increase in flexural strength which was more than the strength of unmodified mortar.Â Â
Psychophysics Behavior of Human Tactile Mechanism to Discriminate Extremely Thin Copper Foils.
Authors: Azzeim Bin Mat Jusoh Mohammad , Ohka Masahiro , Miyaoka Tetsu , Bin Che Abdullah Sukarnur , Bin Hashim Hafizan
Published: April 2019

In this study, our objective is to analyze human tactile mechanism behavior in recognizing extremely thin foils using the psychophysics method. Seven pairs of copper foils ranging in thickness from 20 ~ 150 μm were used in the experiment. We applied the method of constant stimuli to define the difference threshold between the materials. In order to increase the detection rate, contact between human tactile function and the metal foils was maintained. As a result, the Weber fraction c consistently reduces as thickness increases. However, the slope decrement is steep compared to previous experimentation (using stainless steel as base). We also validated the behavior of the undetected regions up to 150-μm thicknesses. This achievement was quite significant considering the higher thickness test ratio. In future, further comparison shall be made using different material type.
Conception of Logistics Management System for Smart Factory
Authors: Quan Chong Zhen , Yee Low Cheng , Mohammad Ubaidullah , Abd Rahman Ramhuzaini , Bahari Shaari Mohd Saiful
Published: April 2019

An interconnected, data driven smart logistics management system is crucial in a smart factory in context of Industry 4.0. Applying the concept of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and Internet of Things (IoT) will create a standardized logistics system. This system can be applied across the supply chain to enable the sharing of information in real-time which consequently optimize logistics processes. In this project, a conceptual model of a smart logistics management system between a supplier and a manufacturer using NFC smart tags technology is developed and its application is shown using prototype demonstrator. The system is equipped with functions to monitor and manage logistic related data. The interface is built using windows form application and android phone application. The developed model’s abilities and specifications in context of industry 4.0 is evaluated using the VDMA Toolbox Industry 4.0. In the end this system achieved an average of level 4 in the Industry 4.0 evaluation and this system provides a concept on applying a smart logistic management system for manufacturers as a key step in transforming into smart factories.
The impact of financial convergence in the economic growth rates of the expansion countries in the euro area
Authors: A. H. Al-Juboori Hayder , A. M. al Shalal Muhannad , I. A. al Ju bouri Ghassan
Published: April 2019

The Maastricht Agreement included a set of financial and monetary standards that the expan-sion countries committed to implement to ensure economic convergence with the most ad-vanced countries in the European Union. The most important of these criteria is to maintain a moderate debt and deficit ratio to the GDP and to keep interest rates and inflation within a certain ceiling. The implementation of these standards even before joining the Federation in 2003 and it continues to date with the existence of relative differences between countries in the extent of their commitment to the proportions determined and according to the economic situation of both of them in particular and the global economy in general, and the current study was to measure the impact of the development The criteria for monetary and financial convergence referred to above are based on the economic convergence expressed in economic growth (per capita income growth) in seven of the expansion countries. A 13-year study period was adopted with the use of the cross-sectional approach to data processing. The research concluded that the application of convergence criteria In the seven expansion coun-tries contributed to the positive impact on economic growth.
Logistics Commitment: An Evidence of Long-term Relationship on Sustainable Global Supply Chain
Authors: Idris Sidah , Mohezar Suhana
Published: April 2019

Manufactures and all network partners may think that global supply chains are simple and direct. But, in the vast majority of cases, this is not the case. Customer demand is supported by complex and lengthy global supply chain. The intermodal transportations provide the key success of the connections between global factories and along the supply chain parties. While they provide critical services, each level of transportation will present challenge and difficulty to all parties. This study look on how logistics commitment can improves operating efficiencies among local manufacturers and service providers as they are in global supply chain network. And, how each intermodal invested improve capabilities, creating reliable and economical port-to-destination delivery services in ensure good relationship with their partners. The study aims is to identify how the service providers can reshape relationship and revise networks to maintain smooth and efficient global logistics flows. This empirical study will use survey questionnaire to get the answer for each question and utilize Partial Least Square (PLS) to analyse the data. Result shows how logistics commitment effort and strategy as to sustain global supply chain relationship.
Financial Control Techniques Services Company with Fuzzy Mamdani
Authors: Marfalino Hari , Putra Muhammad Reza , Yulia Guslendra c, Yosi
Published: April 2019

Service Company is a business activity that provides products in the form of services to customers. Micro business services are in great demand among SMK graduates as it is very easy to live up to their abilities. This includes Micro Service Counter service, tailor, reflection, and others. However, the problem that arises is their lack of practical financial business knowledge. Many businesses they experience an emergency because they do not have proper business financial statements. With the current technological advances, most problems can be solved by technology. One such solution is an accounting information system application with mamdani blur technique. The process of calculating the system is done in 4 stages, namely: the formation of the blur set, the implications of the rules, the rules of composition and Defuzzyfication. Based on the results of trials, thereâ€™s an error in determining the price of services. Therefore, the high price of service can reduce the number of service requests and the low price service may incur losses to the company. With this system, one can determine the best service price and the best service for consumers.
Demographics, Economics and Psychographics Determinants of Life Insurance Consumption among School Teachers in Kampar, Perak
Authors: Bakar Juliana Abu , Ganapathy Thavamalar ap , Krishnan Chitrah a/p
Published: April 2019

Life insurance has become a stable and progressive market keep improving as one of the key financial pillars in Malaysia. However, current consumption rate of 55.5% is considered low and there were more prospects for life insurance companies to grow in suburban and rural areas as the concentration now is more in urban areas. Thereby, there is a need to extend and focus on the rest of uninsured population at which high proportion to be concentrated on both suburban and rural areas. This study aims to determine demographics, economics and psychographics factors that influence consumer purchasing decisions of life insurance among 1,256 school teachers in Kampar district. The stratified random sampling technique applied in order to select the respondents for this study and the data has been analyzed by using multiple regression model. The justification for selecting this technique is to ensure that all schools in Kampar district have its representative.Â This study found that personality behavior in psychographic factor is positively and significant determinant of life insurance consumption among school teachers in Kampar District. This study will significant towards growth of insurance industry, whereby it wills benefits governmental or non-governmental agencies.
Review of Corporate Governance Practices and Financial Distress Prediction
Authors: Ahmad Syed Muhammad Hassan Gillani , Ramakrishnan Suresh , Raza Hamad , Ahmad Humara
Published: April 2019

Good corporate governance practices play an import role in increasing the firm value. Based on the agency theory related to corporate governance, if an agent (management) does not protect interest of principal (shareholders) then, agency cost is occurred and this creates a bad impact on the corporate performance. Therefore, it is necessary to address weak corporate governance practices in early stages otherwise firms can go in financial distress and eventually become bankrupt. The objective of this current study is to conduct a nonsystematic review of literature on theories and models related to corporate governance and financial distress. In the light of thorough review of literature, it is found that corporate governance variables (i.e. ownership concentration, board size, board composition, CEO duality, level of independence of board from management and managerial ownership) are good predictors for predicting financial distress. Moreover, it is also found that these corporate governance variables were not only used separately for predicting financial distress but also used along with others variables (firm level and country level) for the purpose of enhancing quality of financial distress models.
Selecting the Parameters of The Diagnosis of Frame Insulation Condition in Electrical Machines of Locomotives
Authors: Kapitsa Michail , Laguta Vasiliy , Kozik Yuriy
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the signs displaying the insulation ageing process and allow predicting the change in its technical condition under operation of traction motors in locomotives. In order to choose the indicators of the insulation condition, the methods of linear electrical circuits were used to analyze the equivalent scheme of frame insulation. In the equivalent scheme, the dielectric micro- and macro-heterogeneities were taken into account. The most informative parameters of the frame insulation ageing process are those related to absorption and resorption processes over time. The return voltage has been selected as the main characteristic to determine the indicators of insulation condition. The analytical dependences for determining the frame insulation condition indicators have been obtained different from those currently used in the diagnosis of electrical machines. The choice of indicators will allow predicting changes in the technical condition of frame insulation in operation. The studies will allow us to change the regular preventive maintenance technology to the maintenance based on the facility condition.
Simulation of Loads on the Carrying Structure of an Articulated Flat Car in Combined Transportation
Authors: Lovska Alyona , . .
Published: April 2019

The article presents the findings of the research into loading on the carrying structure of an articulated flat car under combined transportation. The refined data of dynamic loads on the carrying structure of a flat car under train ferry transportation, as well as the main loading modes in rail track operation were determined by mathematical modeling. The adequacy of the models developed was checked with an F-test. The results of the calculation conducted made it possible to conclude that the hypothesis on adequacy of the models is not rejected. The peculiarities of the structural strength modeling for a flat car within operational loading diagrams are given. The graphics works were conducted in Solid Works. The capacity analysis was conducted by the finite element method in CosmosWorks. The 09G2S steel was used as a construction material. It is determined that the maximum equivalent loads in the flat car support structure do not exceed the admissible loads. Results of the research can be used in designing coupled flat cars to provide their capacity at mixed transportation.
Diagnostics of the 3 Kv DC Traction Power Network
Authors: Jerzy Wojciechowski , Józef Syc , Tomasz Perzyński , Zbigniew Łukasik
Published: April 2019

The railway traction network line is one of the technical elements ensuring proper operation of railway traffic. Due to its technical function and specificity, it is an essential element of the railway infrastructure. That is, why diagnostics of traction networks is a very important issue. In the article, the authors presented issues related to the diagnostics of 3kVDC traction networks. An analysis of traction network faults for a group of power supply areas was also presented. Additionally, calculations of damage indicators in a selected, representative power supply area are presented. On the basis of made an analysis authors proposed solutions aimed at minimizing breakdowns in traction networks.