bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Interaction Between End User Computing Levels and Job Motivation and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Barker Robert M.
Published: September 2017

End user computing is an information technology that has emerged to enable users to address for themselves information needs that otherwise would not be met. The impact that this technology has on the job users performance has not been addressed. Research in end user computing states that this technology is a user driven phenomenon that users enthusiastically embrace, yet an examination of the studies in office automation, which as a technology is very similar to end user computing, report mostly negative reactions to the technology. The answer to this difference may lie in the nature of the addition of further skills to the job. Prior research has shown that end user computing does add content to the users’ jobs. What has not been investigated is whether differing levels of end user computing activity add differing levels of content to jobs as well. Will increasing complexity in end user computing activity lead to perceived increases in job motivation and job satisfaction? This study, after categorizing users by their end user computing activity, finds that these levels of use are associated with certain job outcomes, such as increased experienced motivating potential in a job and increased job satisfaction.
Inherent Irreversibility in a Variable Viscosity Hartmann Flow through a Rotating Permeable Channel with Hall Effects
Authors: Eegunjobi Adetayo Samuel , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: September 2017

We investigate entropy production rate in a temperature dependent viscosity Hartmann flow with Hall current through a rotating permeable channel. It is assumed that fluid suction occurs at the upper wall and injection at lower wall. The nonlinear governing differential equations are obtained, analyzed and solved numerically using shooting technique together with Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg integration method. Velocity and temperature profiles obtained from the numerical solutions are then used to compute the skin frictions, Nusselt number, the entropy generation rate and the Bejan number. The germane results are presented and discussed quantitatively.
MHD Flow of Cu-Al2O3/Water Hybrid Nanofluid in Porous Channel: Analysis of Entropy Generation
Authors: Das Sanatan , Jana Rabindra Nath , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: September 2017

In this investigation, a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of AlO /water nanofluid and Cu-AlO /water hybrid nanofluid through a porous channel is analyzed in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. An exact solution of the governing equations has been obtained in closed form. The entropy generation number and the Bejan number are also obtained. The influences of each of the governing parameters on velocity, temperature, entropy generation and Bejan number are displayed graphically and the physical aspects are discussed. In addition, a comparison of the heat transfer enhancement level due to the suspension of AlO and Cu nanoparticles in water as regular nanofluids and as hybrid Cu-AlO /water nanofluid is reported.
Passively versus Actively Detected Malaria: Similar Genetic Diversity but Different Complexity of Infection
Authors: Pava Zuleima , Handayuni Irene , Trianty Leily , Utami Retno A. S. , Tirta Yusrifar K. , Puspitasari Agatha M. , Burdam Faustina , Kenangalem Enny , Wirjanata Grennady , Kho Steven , Trimarsanto Hidayat , Anstey Nicholas , Poespoprodjo Jeanne Rini , Noviyanti Rintis , Price Ric N. , Marfurt Jutta , Auburn Sarah
Published: September 2017

The surveillance of malaria is generally undertaken on the assumption that samples passively collected at health facilities are comparable to or representative of the broader Plasmodium reservoir circulating in the community. Further characterization and comparability of the hidden asymptomatic parasite reservoir are needed to inform on the potential impact of sampling bias. This study explores the impact of sampling strategy on molecular surveillance by comparing the genetic make-up of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax isolates collected by passive versus active case detection. Sympatric isolates of P. falciparum and P. vivax were collected from a large community survey and ongoing clinical surveillance studies undertaken in the hypomesoendemic setting of Mimika District (Papua, Indonesia). Plasmodium falciparum isolates were genotyped at nine microsatellite loci and P. vivax at eight loci. Measures of diversity and differentiation were used to compare different patient and parasitological sample groups. The results demonstrated that passively detected cases (symptomatic) had comparable population diversity to those circulating in the community (asymptomatic) in both species. In addition, asymptomatic patent infections were as diverse as subpatent infections. However, a significant difference in multiplicity of infection (MOI) and percentage of polyclonal infections was observed between actively and passively detected P. vivax cases (mean MOI: 1.7 ± 0.7 versus 1.4 ± 1.4, respectively; P = 0.001). The study findings infer that, in hypomesoendemic settings, passive sampling is appropriate for molecular parasite surveillance strategies using the predominant clone in any given infection; however, the findings suggest caution when analyzing complexity of infection. Further evaluation is required in other endemic settings.
The Use of Hungarian and Serbian in the City of Szabadka/Subotica : An Empirical Study
Authors: Ferdinand Siarl , Komlosi Flora
Published: September 2017

In this study Ferdinand and Komlosi analyze the use of Hungarian and Serbian in the city of Szabadka/Subotica, which is located in the Serbian region of Northern Vajdaság/Vojvodina. A mostly Hungarian speaking city for centuries, Szabadka/Subotica suffered the strong pro-Serbian language policy implemented by the Yugoslavian government from the end of the First World War until the dismantlement of Yugoslavia in the 1990s, which gave Hungarian and other local minority languages a second chance to survive. Nowadays, Szabadka/Subotica is home to two main language groups, southern Slavic languages such a Serbian and Croatian (over sixty per cent) and Hungarian (thirty three per cent). Although Ferdinand and Komlosi employed official figures from the Serbian censuses to determine the size of each group, the situation of each language was mapped through empirical observation of language use in informal conversations, in official signage, and in permanent as well as temporary commercial signage. The results show that the role of Serbian (mostly written in Latin script) is dominant in almost all spheres of public life and as a lingua franca among various groups. Nevertheless, Hungarian maintains a strong presence in the city, especially in the center and in its northwestern districts. In this paper, Ferdinand and Komlosi aim to contribute to a better general understanding of group dynamics in bilingual settings and, specifically, to provide a clearer view of the language situation in one of the Hungarian-speaking regions lost by the historic Kingdom of Hungary after World War I.
Mapping the Intergenerational Memory of the Holocaust in Hungarian Bystander Families: The Case of Sacha Batthyány’s Identity Novel, Und was hat das mit mir zu tun? [‘And What Does That Have to Do With Me?’]
Authors: Kunt Gergely
Published: September 2017

In this study, Kunt examines the intergenerational memory of the Holocaust in Hungarian bystander families. Communicative memory plays a key role in intergenerational relationships, as it allows the transmission of the family’s own interpretation of the past to younger generations, thereby becoming an important pillar of individual and family identity. Kunt’s analysis finds that in the memory of bystander families he has studied in Hungary, the persecution of the Jewish population is only marginally present, for several reasons. One is that the intergenerational communication of such memories has been scarce, as these memories in particular are seldom passed down to the third and fourth generations. Another reason is that the majority of Hungarian society is characterized by a sense of competitive victimhood, where many families impress upon their descendants the severity of their own historical losses while simultaneously dismissing or trivializing the losses of other social groups, often by suppressing memories related to the suffering of such groups.
The Representation of Jews in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Hungarian Proverb Collections
Authors: Rosen Ilana
Published: September 2017

Proverbs are concise formulations of folk wisdom and as such, when seen in masses, they may well express the spirit of their time and place. In Hungarian proverbial lore Jews figure prominently in nineteenth-century proverb collections but fade out of such collections as of the mid-twentieth century. In the nineteenth-century proverb collections Jews are invariably portrayed as faithless, dishonest, greedy, physically weak and unattractive. Largely, this portrayal as well as the dynamics of the earlier presence of Jews versus their later disappearance from Hungarian proverb collections match the shared history of Hungarians and Hungarian Jews since the 1867 Emancipation of the country's Jews and possibly even earlier, through their growing integration in significant arenas of their host society, up to their persecution and annihilation in the Holocaust, and later their decade long forced merging into the general Hungarian society under communism. This article traces the occurrence and disappearance of Jews in Hungarian proverb collections throughout the last two centuries and analyzes the language, content and messages of the proverbs about Jews in these collections.
Gluck, Mary. 2016. The Invisible Jewish Budapest: Metropolitan Culture at the Fin de Siècle. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. 251 pp. (Gluck, Mary. 2017. A láthatatlan zsidó Budapest. Budapest: Múlt és Jövő Alapítvány. 224 pp).
Authors: Lo Bello Maya J.
Published: September 2017

Gluck, Mary. 2016. The Invisible Jewish Budapest: Metropolitan Culture at the Fin de Siècle. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. 251 pp. (Gluck, Mary. 2017. A láthatatlan zsidó Budapest. Budapest: Múlt és Jövő Alapítvány. 224 pp).
Szűcs, Teri, ed. 2015. Bevésett nevek. Konferenciakötet. Budapest: Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem, ELTE. 418 pp.
Authors: Laczó Ferenc
Published: September 2017

Szűcs, Teri, ed. 2015. Bevésett nevek. Konferenciakötet. Budapest: Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem, ELTE. 418 pp.
Hamvas, Béla. 2016. The Philosophy of Wine (trans. Peter Sherwood). Budapest: Medio Kiadó. 115 pp.
Authors: Todd Cain
Published: September 2017

Hamvas, Béla. 2016. The Philosophy of Wine (trans. Peter Sherwood). Budapest: Medio Kiadó. 115 pp.
Introduction to Comparative Studies in the Central European Context
Authors: Kálmán György C. , Z. Varga Zoltán
Published: September 2017

As an introduction to the four papers published in the 2017 issue of Hungarian Cultural Studies, this paper summarizes the specificities of comparative literary studies in the Central and Eastern European context, as examined by a research group affiliated with the Institute of Literary Studies, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and various other universities throughout Hungary. The topics and thoughts expressed in these studies were originally explored during a conference session held at the AILC Vienna Congress in 2016. While Central and Eastern Europe’s participation in the world of comparative studies has formed a core element for both the research group’s interest and the Vienna session, this field has been expanded to discuss Central and Eastern European literatures within the context of international comparative studies as well as the migration (emigration) of these literatures. After presenting the four papers included in the 2017 issue of Hungarian Cultural Studies, the Guest Editors provide a brief preview of the next four papers to be published in the journal’s 2018 issue.
Fischer, Linda. 2014. The Memory Book – One Woman's Self-Discovery in the Mist of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. New York: Minted Prose. 326 pp.
Authors: Pereszlényi-Pintér Martha
Published: September 2017

Fischer, Linda. 2014. The Memory Book – One Woman's Self-Discovery in the Mist of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. New York: Minted Prose. 326 pp.
Csehy, Zoltán. 2014. Szodoma és környéke: Homoszocialitás, barátságretorika és queer irányulások a magyar költészetben ('Sodom and its Environs: Homosociality, Friendship Rhetoric and Queer Orientations in Hungarian Poetry'). Budapest: Kalligram.
Authors: Timár Eszter
Published: September 2017

Csehy, Zoltán. 2014. Szodoma és környéke: Homoszocialitás, barátságretorika és queer irányulások a magyar költészetben ('Sodom and its Environs: Homosociality, Friendship Rhetoric and Queer Orientations in Hungarian Poetry'). Budapest: Kalligram.
An Evasive Manoeuvre, Automatically Controlled to Avoid the One of a Group of Many Obstacles Moving in a Vicinity of Flying Airplane
Authors: Graffstein Jerzy
Published: September 2017

Detection of a collision threat and an appropriate decision on passing by an obstacle are necessary for solving the problem of collision avoidance in case of aircraft motion within the airspace. In the article a method for detecting a threat of collision with the obstacle is presented for the case of many moving objects appearing within the neighbourhood of the aircraft. The analysis of an algorithm for making a preliminary decision on avoiding a collision with more than one moving obstacle was carried out. The shape of a class of evasive trajectories was proposed, and its reliability was proved. Numerical simulations of flight were completed for the considered type of aircraft in aforementioned conditions. The scope of these simulations covered all phases of obstacle avoiding manoeuvre, including a return to a straight-line part of flight trajectory pre-planned before the start.
Metzler Cyclic Electric Systems
Authors: Mitkowski Wojciech
Published: September 2017

In applications we meet with positive (nonnegative) systems. A system generated by a linear differential equation with a Metzler-matrix is called a nonnegative system. The paper shows the basic dynamic properties of nonnegative continuous-time systems. Considered was the example of an oscillating electrical circuit with a cyclic Metzler-matrix, enabling the correct physical interpretations.
Textos inéditos de Friedrich Sellow. 2 – Notas sobre colheita e preparo da erva-mate
Authors: Marchiori José Newton Cardoso , Marchiori Neto Daniel Lena
Published: September 2017

No presente artigo se divulga em língua portuguesa, pela primeira vez, um texto inédito de Friedrich Sellow sobre a colheita e o preparo da erva-mate nas cercanias da antiga Missão de Santo Ângelo, no atual estado do Rio Grande do Sul, extraído de um relatório por ele enviado em 1826 ao Barão de Altenstein.
Intervenção fisioterapêutica com suporte parcial de peso em indivíduos pós-ave: revisão sistemática
Authors: Garção Diogo Costa , Sobral Juliana Martins , Santos Júlio Cezar Dantas , Mendonça Vanessa Brenha Duailibe , Rezende Lucas Silva , Santana Mylena Maria Salgueiro , Fontes Patrícia Almeida , Oliveira Tássia Virginia de Carvalho
Published: September 2017

Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente a eficácia do suporte parcial de peso no paciente hemiparético após Acidente Vascular Encefálico. Material e Métodos: Realizou-se levantamento de bibliografia nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct e Bireme, publicadas a partir de 1998 até 2010, no qual os onze itens descritos na Escala PEDro foram utilizados como  critérios de classificação dos artigos. Essa pesquisa foi realizada em maio e perdurou até setembro de 2010. Resultados: Houve evidência significativa na melhora da resistência, do equilíbrio, da evolução, da habilidade e da velocidade da marcha dos pacientes hemiparéticos pós-AVE subagudo e crônico. Conclusão: A utilização dos programas de treino de marcha com o suporte parcial de peso corporal mostrou-se eficaz em boa parte dos artigos avaliados.
An Integrated Multi-Echelon Supply Chain Network Design Considering Stochastic Demand: A Genetic Algorithm Based Solution
Authors: Nakhjirkan Sara , Mokhatab Rafiei Farimah
Published: September 2017

The growing trend of natural resources consumption has caused irreparable losses to the environment. The scientists believe that if environmental degradation continues at its current pace, the prospect of human life will be shrouded in mystery. One of the most effective ways to deal with the environmental adverse effects is by implementing green supply chains. In this study a multilevel mathematical model including supply, production, distribution and customer levels has been presented for routing–location–inventoryin green supply chain. Vehicle routing between distribution centres and customers has been considered in the model. Establishment place of distribution centres among potential places is determined by the model. The distributors use continuous review policy (r, Q) to control the inventory. The proposed model object is to find an optimal supply chain with minimum costs. To validate the proposed model and measure its compliance with real world problems, GAMS IDE/Cplex has been used. In order to measure the efficiency of the proposed model in large scale problems, a genetic algorithm has been used. The results confirm the efficiency of the proposed model as a practical tool for decision makers to solve location-inventory-routing problems in green supply chain. The proposed GA could reduce the solving time by 85% while reaching on the average 97% of optimal solution compared with exact method.
Driving Rhythm Method for Driving Comfort Analysis on Rural Highways
Authors: Yu Bo , Chen Yuren
Published: September 2017

Driving comfort is of great significance for rural highways, since the variation characteristics of driving speed are comparatively complex on rural highways. Earlier studies about driving comfort were usually based on the actual geometric road alignments and automobiles, without considering the driver’s visual perception. However, some scholars have shown that there is a discrepancy between actual and perceived geometric alignments, especially on rural highways. Moreover, few studies focus on rural highways. Therefore, in this paper the driver’s visual lane model was established based on the Catmull-Rom spline, in order to describe the driver’s visual perception of rural highways. The real vehicle experiment was conducted on 100 km rural highways in Tibet. The driving rhythm was presented to signify the information during the driving process. Shape parameters of the driver’s visual lane model were chosen as input variables to predict the driving rhythm by BP neural network. Wavelet transform was used to explore which part of the driving rhythm is related to the driving comfort. Then the probabilities of good, fair and bad driving comfort can be calculated by wavelets of the driving rhythm. This work not only provides a new perspective into driving comfort analysis and quantifies the driver’s visual perception, but also pays attention to the unique characteristics of rural highways.
Traffic Speed Prediction for Highway Operations Based on a Symbolic Regression Algorithm
Authors: Linchao Li , Fratrović Tomislav , Jian Zhang , Bin Ran
Published: September 2017

Due to the increase of congestion on highways, providing real-time information about the traffic state has become a crucial issue. Hence, it is the aim of this research to build an accurate traffic speed prediction model using symbolic regression to generate significant information for travellers. It is built based on genetic programming using Pareto front technique. With real world data from microwave sensor, the performance of the proposed model is compared with two other widely used models. The results indicate that the symbolic regression is the most accurate among these models. Especially, after an incident occurs, the performance of the proposed model is still the best which means it is robust and suitable to predict traffic state of highway under different conditions.
H+- and Na+- elicited rapid changes of the microtubule cytoskeleton in the biflagellated green alga Chlamydomonas
Authors: Liu Yi , Visetsouk Mike , Mynlieff Michelle , Qin Hongmin , Lechtreck Karl F , Yang Pinfen
Published: September 2017

Although microtubules are known for dynamic instability, the dynamicity is considered to be tightly controlled to support a variety of cellular processes. Yet diverse evidence suggests that this is not applicable to Chlamydomonas, a biflagellate fresh water green alga, but intense autofluorescence from photosynthesis pigments has hindered the investigation. By expressing a bright fluorescent reporter protein at the endogenous level, we demonstrate in real time discreet sweeping changes in algal microtubules elicited by rises of intracellular H+ and Na+. These results from this model organism with characteristics of animal and plant cells provide novel explanations regarding how pH may drive cellular processes; how plants may respond to, and perhaps sense stresses; and how organisms with a similar sensitive cytoskeleton may be susceptible to environmental changes.
Dual function of the PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 axis in myelination of the peripheral nervous system
Authors: Figlia Gianluca , Norrmén Camilla , Pereira Jorge A , Gerber Daniel , Suter Ueli
Published: September 2017

Myelination is a biosynthetically demanding process in which mTORC1, the gatekeeper of anabolism, occupies a privileged regulatory position. We have shown previously that loss of mTORC1 function in Schwann cells (SCs) hampers myelination. Here, we genetically disrupted key inhibitory components upstream of mTORC1, TSC1 or PTEN, in mouse SC development, adult homeostasis, and nerve injury. Surprisingly, the resulting mTORC1 hyperactivity led to markedly delayed onset of both developmental myelination and remyelination after injury. However, if mTORC1 was hyperactivated after myelination onset, radial hypermyelination was observed. At early developmental stages, physiologically high PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 signaling suppresses expression of Krox20 (Egr2), the master regulator of PNS myelination. This effect is mediated by S6K and contributes to control mechanisms that keep SCs in a not-fully differentiated state to ensure proper timing of myelination initiation. An ensuing decline in mTORC1 activity is crucial to allow myelination to start, while remaining mTORC1 activity drives myelin growth.
Isotopic Ratios of Tropical Methane Emissions by Atmospheric Measurement
Authors: Brownlow R. , Lowry D. , Fisher R. E. , France J. L. , Lanoisellé M. , White B. , Wooster M. J. , Zhang T. , Nisbet E. G.
Published: September 2017

Tropical methane sources are an important part of the global methane budget and include natural wetlands, rice agriculture, biomass burning, ruminants, fossil fuels, and waste. δ13CCH4 can provide strong constraints on methane source apportionment. For example, tropical wetlands in this study give δ13CCH4 values between −61.5 ± 2.9‰ and −53.0 ± 0.4‰ and in general are more enriched in 13C than temperate and boreal wetlands. However, thus far, relatively few measurements of δ13CCH4 in methane‐enriched air have been made in the tropics. In this study samples have been collected from tropical wetland, rice, ruminant, and biomass burning emissions to the atmosphere. Regional isotopic signatures vary greatly as different processes and source material affect methane signatures. Measurements were made to determine bulk source inputs to the atmosphere, rather than to study individual processes. These measurements provide inputs for regional methane budget models, to constrain emissions with better source apportionment.
Evaluating the heat‐aggression hypothesis: The role of temporal and social factors in predicting baseball related aggression
Authors: Krenzer William L. D. , Splan Eric D.
Published: September 2017

We examined the role that season progression and social threats play in the heat‐aggression hypothesis within Major League Baseball put forward by Reifman, Larrick, and Fein (1991). Box score data from 38,870 Major League Baseball games between the years of 2000 and 2015 was used to test the heat‐aggression relationship, while accounting for temporal and social factors that may be simultaneously exerting influence on player behavior. Controlling for a number of other variables, we observed that the effect of temperature on aggressive behavior is partially contingent on the point of the season in which the game took place. Aggressive behavior was also more likely to occur when teams played divisional (compared to league and inter‐league) rivals, however this relationship was contingent on season progression. We provide potential boundary conditions relating to the heat‐aggression relationship, indicating this may not be a ubiquitous phenomenon.
Understanding Thermal Insulation in Porous, Particulate Materials
Authors: Ruckdeschel Pia , Philipp Alexandra , Retsch Markus
Published: September 2017

Silica hollow nanosphere colloidal crystals feature a uniquely well‐defined structure across multiple length scales. This contribution elucidates the intricate interplay between structure and atmosphere on the effective thermal diffusivity as well as the effective thermal conductivity. Using silica hollow sphere assemblies, one can independently alter the particle geometry, the density, the packing symmetry, and the interparticle bonding strength to fabricate materials with an ultralow thermal conductivity. Whereas the thermal diffusivity decreases with increasing shell thickness, the thermal conductivity behaves inversely. However, the geometry of the colloidal particles is not the only decisive parameter for thermal insulation. By a combination of reduced packing symmetry and interparticle bonding strength, the thermal conductivity is lowered by additionally 70% down to only 8 mW m−1 K−1 in vacuum. The contribution of gaseous transport, even in these tiny pores (<200 nm), leads to minimum thermal conductivities of ≈35 and ≈45 mW m−1 K−1 for air and helium atmosphere, respectively. The influence of the individual contributions of the solid and (open‐ and closed‐pore) gaseous conductions is further clarified by using finite element modeling. Consequently, these particulate materials can be considered as a non‐flammable and dispersion‐processable alternative to commercial polymer foams.
Enhanced Reversible Sodium‐Ion Intercalation by Synergistic Coupling of Few‐Layered MoS2 and S‐Doped Graphene
Authors: Li Ge , Luo Dan , Wang Xiaolei , Seo Min Ho , Hemmati Sahar , Yu Aiping , Chen Zhongwei
Published: September 2017

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are regarded as the best alternative to lithium‐ion batteries due to their low cost and similar Na+ insertion chemistry. It is still challenging but greatly desired to design and develop novel electrode materials with high reversible capacity, long cycling life, and good rate capability toward high‐performance SIBs. This work demonstrates an innovative design strategy and a development of few‐layered molybdenum disulfide/sulfur‐doped graphene nanosheets (MoS2/SG) composites as the SIB anode material providing a high specific capacity of 587 mA h g−1 calculated based on the total composite mass and an extremely long cycling stability over 1000 cycles at a current density of 1.0 A g−1 with a high capacity retention of ≈85%. Systematic characterizations reveal that the outstanding performance is mainly attributed to the unique and robust composite architecture where few‐layered MoS2 and S‐doped graphene are intimately bridged at the hetero‐interface through a synergistic coupling effect via the covalently doped S atoms. The design strategy and mechanism understanding at the molecular level outlined here can be readily applied to other layered transition metal oxides for SIBs anode and play a key role in contributing to the development of high‐performance SIBs.
Hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin hybrid nanogels as nano‐drug delivery carriers to enhance the solubility of dexibuprofen: Characterization, in vitro release, and acute oral toxicity studies
Authors: Khalid Qandeel , Ahmad Mahmood , Usman Minhas Muhammad
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HPβCD) hybrid nanogels for solubility enhancement of lipophilic drug, dexibuprofen. HPβCD hybrid nanogels were designed by chemical cross‐linking of hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin with 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) via free radical polymerization. Loading efficiency, solubilization, zetasizer, FESEM Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), and in vitro drug release analysis were performed for characterization of hybrid nanogels. Efficient solubilization of dexibuprofen has been observed by HPβCD hybrid nanogels. FTIR, TGA, and DSC studies confirmed the formation of new hybrid nanogels and complexation of dexibuprofen with nanogels. XRD analysis revealed loss of dexibuprofen crystallinity in hybrid nanogels. Highly porous and amorphous nanogels showed a significant dexibuprofen release in aqueous medium. In toxicity studies, no significant changes in behavioral, physiological, biochemical, or histopathological parameters of animals endorsed that developed formulations are nontoxic and biocompatible.
Resting heart rate, heart rate reserve, and metabolic syndrome in professional firefighters: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Choi BongKyoo , Ko SangBaek , Kojaku Stacey
Published: September 2017

Background

Little is known about the associations of resting heart rate (RHR) and heart rate reserve (HRR) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in firefighters.

Methods

For each of 288 professional firefighters, HRR was calculated as the difference between measured RHR and estimated maximum HR. For comparison, VO2 max based on a treadmill test was included. MetS was defined according to the NCEP/ATP III criteria.

Results

The prevalence of MetS was 14.2%. The average of RHR was 61.5 beat/min. Only 5.8% of the firefighters had RHR of ≥80 beat/min. Between the firefighters in the lowest and highest quintiles, the prevalence ratios (95% confidence intervals) for MetS were 1.88 (0.71‐4.94), 5.90 (1.74‐20.02), and 8.03 (1.86‐34.75) for RHR, HRR, and VO2 max, respectively. Both HRR and VO2 max, but not RHR, were significantly associated with MetS and its most component risk factors in middle‐aged firefighters.

Conclusions

HRR, a simple cardiovascular fitness measure, was inversely associated with MetS among middle‐aged professional firefighters.
AFM Imaging of Hybridization Chain Reaction Mediated Signal Transmission between Two DNA Origami Structures
Authors: Helmig Sarah , Gothelf Kurt Vesterager
Published: September 2017

Signal transfer is central to the controlled exchange of information in biology and advanced technologies. Therefore, the development of reliable, long‐range signal transfer systems for artificial nanoscale assemblies is of great scientific interest. We have designed such a system for the signal transfer between two connected DNA nanostructures, using the hybridization chain reaction (HCR). Two sets of metastable DNA hairpins, one of which is immobilized at specific points along tracks on DNA origami structures, are polymerized to form a continuous DNA duplex, which is visible using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Upon addition of a designed initiator, the initiation signal is efficiently transferred more than 200 nm from a specific location on one origami structure to an end point on another origami structure. The system shows no significant loss of signal when crossing from one nanostructure to another and, therefore, has the potential to be applied to larger multi‐component DNA assemblies.
Ultrafast Vibrational Dynamics of Membrane‐Bound Peptides at the Lipid Bilayer/Water Interface
Authors: Tan Junjun , Zhang Baixiong , Luo Yi , Ye Shuji
Published: September 2017

Vibrational energy transfer (VET) of proteins at cell membrane plays critical roles in controlling the protein functionalities, but its detection is very challenging. By using a surface‐sensitive femtosecond time‐resolved sum‐frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy with infrared pump, the detection of the ultrafast VET in proteins at cell membrane has finally become possible. The vibrational relaxation time of the N−H groups is determined to be 1.70(±0.05) ps for the α‐helix located in the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer and 0.9(±0.05) ps for the membrane‐bound β‐sheet structure. The N−H groups with strong hydrogen bonding gain faster relaxation time. By pumping the amide A band and probing amide I band, the vibrational relaxation from N−H mode to C=O mode through two pathways (direct coupling and through intermediate states) is revealed. The ratio of the pathways depends on the NH⋅⋅⋅O=C hydrogen‐bonding strength. Strong hydrogen bonding favors the coupling through intermediate states.
Three‐Dimensional Hierarchical Architectures Derived from Surface‐Mounted Metal–Organic Framework Membranes for Enhanced Electrocatalysis
Authors: Jia Gan , Zhang Wen , Fan Guozheng , Li Zhaosheng , Fu Degang , Hao Weichang , Yuan Chunwei , Zou Zhigang
Published: September 2017

Inspired by the rapid development of metal–organic‐framework‐derived materials in various applications, a facile synthetic strategy was developed for fabrication of 3D hierarchical nanoarchitectures. A surface‐mounted metal–organic framework membrane was pyrolyzed at a range of temperatures to produce catalysts with excellent trifunctional electrocatalytic efficiencies for the oxygen reduction, hydrogen evolution, and oxygen evolution reactions.
Acetylshikonin is a novel non‐selective cytochrome P450 inhibitor
Authors: Shon Jong Cheol , Phuc Nguyen Minh , Kim Won Cheol , Heo Jae Kyung , Wu Zhexue , Lee Hyunyoung , Liu Kwang‐Hyeon
Published: September 2017

Acetylshikonin is a biologically active compound with anti‐cancer and anti‐inflammatory activity, which is isolated from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizoma. An inhibitory effect of acetylshikonin against CYP2J2 activity was discovered recently. Based on this result, this study was expanded to evaluate the inhibitory effects of acetylshikonin against nine different cytochrome P450 (P450) isoforms in human liver microsomes (HLMs) using substrate cocktails incubation assay. Acetylshikonin showed a strong inhibitory effect against all P450s tested with IC50 values of 1.4–4.0 μ
m. Pre‐incubation of acetylshikonin with HLMs and NADPH did not alter the inhibition potency, indicating that acetylshikonin is not a mechanism‐based inhibitor. SKF‐525A, a widely used non‐specific P450 inhibitor, had no inhibitory activity against CYP1A2, 2A6, 2E1 and 2J2, while it showed an inhibitory effect against CYP2B6, CYP2C19 and 2D6 with IC50 values of 2.5, 3.6 and 0.5 μ
m, respectively. Our findings indicate that acetylshikonin may be a novel general P450 inhibitor, which could replace SKF‐525A.
Sudden maternal hypoxemia during elective cesarean section in a woman with placenta previa
Authors: Umazume Takeshi , Hayasaka Satoshi , Kato Fumi , Ishikawa Satoshi , Morikawa Mamoru , Minakami Hisanori
Published: September 2017

Key Clinical Message

There have been no reports regarding imaging‐documented bronchospasm in patients with amniotic fluid embolism (AFE). In a woman with scheduled cesarean section for placenta previa, transient bronchospasm and pulmonary hypertension were documented explaining a sudden drop in SpO2. Mild AFE was the most likely diagnosis in this patient.
Solid‐State Reactions of Eicosaborate [B20H18]2− Salts and Complexes
Authors: Avdeeva Varvara V. , Buzin Mikhail I. , Dmitrienko Artem O. , Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Malinina Elena A. , Kuznetsov Nikolay T. , Voronova Evgenia D. , Zubavichus Yan V. , Vologzhanina Anna V.
Published: September 2017

A series of salts and complexes containing trans‐ and iso‐isomers of octadecahydro‐eicosaborate [B20H18]2− dianion is synthesized and characterized using FTIR and 11B NMR spectroscopies and X‐ray diffraction techniques. Both isomers are found to act as four‐, bi‐, or zero‐dentate ligands in reactions with copper(II), silver(I), and lead(II) through apical and/or equatorial boron atoms. Solid‐state photo‐ and thermoinitiated reactions of octadecahydro‐eicosaborate isomerization and solvent cleavage occurring in these compounds in a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal manner are studied in situ. In contrast with solutions, in solids the reaction of boron cluster transformation occurs rarely, thus, analysis of crystal packing allowed us to suggest some criteria of isomerization of macropolyhedral boranes in crystals. X‐ray diffraction data are used to confirm reaction path of isomerization of the [B20H18]2− dianion.
From Food Waste to Efficient Bifunctional Nonprecious Electrocatalyst
Authors: Hof Ferdinand , Boni Alessandro , Valenti Giovanni , Huang Kai , Paolucci Francesco , Pénicaud Alain
Published: September 2017

Synergy between graphitic nanocarbon, obtainable from food waste through cracking of biomethane, and iron oxide nanoparticles provides access to efficient bifunctional electro catalysts. Dissolution of potassium‐intercalated graphitic nanocarbons yields graphenide solutions with calibrated, small lateral size‐reduced graphenes that are used subsequently as reducing agents of iron metal salts. This results in the strong binding of small size (2–5 nm) nanoparticles on the carbon framework homogeneously within the composite material, accessibility of the catalytic centers, and good conductivity provided by the underlying carbon framework. The iron oxide nanocarbon electrocatalyst performances are highlighted by the overall overpotential of approximately 1 V needed to reach the benchmark threshold of 10 mA cm−2 for the oxygen reduction reaction and the particular activity towards oxygen evolution reaction (η≈0.4 V at 10 mA cm−2), comparable to that of the precious RuO2 and IrO2 catalysts. This iron oxide/nanocarbon electrocatalyst is versatile, remarkably active, stable, and truly sustainable.
A Simple Local Correlation Energy Functional for Spherically Confined Atoms from ab Initio Correlation Energy Density
Authors: Vyboishchikov Sergei F.
Published: September 2017

We propose a simple method of calculating the electron correlation energy density ec(r) and the correlation potential Vc(r) from second‐order Møller–Plesset amplitudes and its generalization for the case of a configuration interaction wavefunction, based on Nesbet's theorem. The correlation energy density obtained by this method for free and spherically confined Be and He atoms was employed to fit a local analytical density functional based on Wigner's functional. The functional is capable of producing a strong increase in the correlation energy with decreasing confined radius for the Be atom.
Evolution of a mating preference for a dual‐utility trait used in intrasexual competition in genetically monogamous populations
Authors: Stern Caitlin A. , Servedio Maria R.
Published: September 2017

The selection pressures by which mating preferences for ornamental traits can evolve in genetically monogamous mating systems remain understudied. Empirical evidence from several taxa supports the prevalence of dual‐utility traits, defined as traits used both as armaments in intersexual selection and ornaments in intrasexual selection, as well as the importance of intrasexual resource competition for the evolution of female ornamentation. Here, we study whether mating preferences for traits used in intrasexual resource competition can evolve under genetic monogamy. We find that a mating preference for a competitive trait can evolve and affect the evolution of the trait. The preference is more likely to persist when the fecundity benefit for mates of successful competitors is large and the aversion to unornamented potential mates is strong. The preference can persist for long periods or potentially permanently even when it incurs slight costs. Our results suggest that, when females use ornaments as signals in intrasexual resource competition, males can evolve mating preferences for those ornaments, illuminating both the evolution of female ornamentation and the evolution of male preferences for female ornaments in monogamous species.
Stormwater management network effectiveness and implications for urban watershed function: A critical review
Authors: Jefferson Anne J. , Bhaskar Aditi S. , Hopkins Kristina G. , Fanelli Rosemary , Avellaneda Pedro M. , McMillan Sara K.
Published: September 2017

Deleterious effects of urban stormwater are widely recognized. In several countries, regulations have been put into place to improve the conditions of receiving water bodies, but planning and engineering of stormwater control is typically carried out at smaller scales. Quantifying cumulative effectiveness of many stormwater control measures on a watershed scale is critical to understanding how small‐scale practices translate to urban river health. We review 100 empirical and modelling studies of stormwater management effectiveness at the watershed scale in diverse physiographic settings. Effects of networks with stormwater control measures (SCMs) that promote infiltration and harvest have been more intensively studied than have detention‐based SCM networks. Studies of peak flows and flow volumes are common, whereas baseflow, groundwater recharge, and evapotranspiration have received comparatively little attention. Export of nutrients and suspended sediments have been the primary water quality focus in the United States, whereas metals, particularly those associated with sediments, have received greater attention in Europe and Australia. Often, quantifying cumulative effects of stormwater management is complicated by needing to separate its signal from the signal of urbanization itself, innate watershed characteristics that lead to a range of hydrologic and water quality responses, and the varying functions of multiple types of SCMs. Biases in geographic distribution of study areas, and size and impervious surface cover of watersheds studied also limit our understanding of responses. We propose hysteretic trajectories for how watershed function responds to increasing imperviousness and stormwater management. Even where impervious area is treated with SCMs, watershed function may not be restored to its predevelopment condition because of the lack of treatment of all stormwater generated from impervious surfaces; non‐additive effects of individual SCMs; and persistence of urban effects beyond impervious surfaces. In most cases, pollutant load decreases largely result from run‐off reductions rather than lowered solute or particulate concentrations. Understanding interactions between natural and built landscapes, including stormwater management strategies, is critical for successfully managing detrimental impacts of stormwater at the watershed scale.
Large‐scale regional delineation of riparian vegetation in the arid and semi‐arid Pilbara region, WA
Authors: Alaibakhsh Masoomeh , Emelyanova Irina , Barron Olga , Khiadani Mehdi , Warren Garth
Published: September 2017

Multiscene Landsat 5 TM imagery, Principal Component Analysis, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index were used to produce the first region‐scale map of riparian vegetation for the Pilbara (230,000 km2), Western Australia. Riparian vegetation is an environmentally important habitat in the arid and desert climate of the Pilbara. These habitats are supported by infrequent flow events and in some locations by groundwater discharge. Our analysis suggests that riparian vegetation covers less than 4% of the Pilbara region, whereas almost 10.5% of this area is composed of groundwater dependent vegetation (GDV). GDV is often associated with open water (river pools), providing refugia for a variety of species. GDV has an extremely high ecological value and are often important Indigenous sites. This paper demonstrates how Landsat data calibrated to Top of Atmosphere reflectance can be used to delineate riparian vegetation across 16 Landsat scenes and two Universal Transverse Mercator spatial zones. The proposed method is able to delineate riparian vegetation and GDV, without the need for Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function correction. Results were validated using ground truth data from local and regional scale vegetation surveys.
Preparation of tritium‐labeled PF‐622, a novel fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor
Authors: Zhang Yinsheng
Published: September 2017

To make a detailed characterization of the mechanism of inhibition and selectivity of a novel fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor PF‐622, 3 tritium isotopomers were prepared. [3H]PF‐622a labeled at the piperazine ring B and [3H]PF‐622b labeled at both the ring B and phenyl ring A were synthesized via catalytic H(hydrogen)‐T(tritium) exchange, utilizing 1 equiv and excess of Crabtree's catalyst, respectively. The preparation of [3H]PF‐622c labeled only at the phenyl ring A was achieved via tritiodebromination of the bromide precursor, using Pd(PPh3)4 as a catalyst. The observations from these tritiation reactions might open a new perspective in the labeling for the targets having a similar moiety.
Microbiota: a mediator to transform glucosinolate precursors in cruciferous vegetables to the active isothiocyanates
Authors: Tian Sicong , Liu Xiaodong , Lei Peng , Zhang Xiaohong , Shan Yujuan
Published: September 2017

Isothiocyanates (ITCs), such as sulforaphane (SFN), exhibit powerful biological functions in fighting cancers, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. They normally exist as glucosinolates (GLSs) in cruciferous vegetables, which are not themselves bioactive until they are degraded by myrosinase to form ITCs. Myrosinase coexists in the same plants but is normally kept apart from GLSs in different apparatus. A key point is that myrosinase is temperature sensitive and can be inactivated upon exposure to temperatures over 60 °, as typically occurs during cooking. However, studies using animal models and population trials have suggested that human gut bacteria might act like an ‘organ’ in that they can secrete their own myrosinase. In this review, the hydrolysis of GLS by myrosinase is discussed, with an important focus on the gut microflora and their myrosinase‐producing roles. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Patient‐identified impact of symptoms in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
Authors: Guber Robert D. , Kokkinis Angela D. , Schindler Alice B. , Bendixen Roxanna M. , Heatwole Chad R. , Fischbeck Kenneth H. , Grunseich Christopher
Published: September 2017

Introduction: The effects of spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) on quality of life (QoL) are not well understood. This study describes symptoms from the patient's perspective and the impact these symptoms have on QoL.Methods: We conducted open‐ended interviews with 21 adult men with genetically confirmed SBMA. Using a qualitative framework technique, we coded and analyzed interviews to identify symptoms and resulting themes.Results: From these interviews, 729 quotations were extracted. We identified 200 SBMA‐specific symptoms and 20 symptomatic themes. Weakness was mentioned by all interviewees. Symptoms within the domain of mental health and the specific themes of emotional issues and psychological impact were also frequently mentioned.Discussion: Numerous symptoms affect QoL for patients with SBMA. We identified previously unrecognized symptoms that are important to address in enhancing clinical care for patients with SBMA and in developing tools to evaluate efficacy in future clinical trials.Muscle Nerve57: 40–44, 2018