bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promotive Effect of Sn2+ on Cu0/Cu+ Ratio and Stability Evolution of Cu/SiO2 Catalyst in the Hydrogenation of Dimethyl Oxalate
Authors: Zhang Chuancai , Wang Denghao , Dai Bin
Published: April 2017

The influence of Sn2+doping on the structure and performance of silica supported copper catalyst was systematically investigated and characterised. Catalytic evaluation showed that the suitable content of Sn2+ introduced into a Cu/SiO2 catalyst evidently improved the catalytic activity and stability of ethylene glycol synthesis from dimethyl oxalate. X-ray diffraction and X-ray auger electron spectroscopy indicated that the Cu0/Cu+ ratio gradually increased with increasing Sn2+ content, and an appropriate proportion of Cu0/Cu+ ratio played a very significant role in this reaction. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the active copper particles in the Cu-xSn/SiO2 catalyst were smaller than those of the Cu/SiO2 catalyst. This result may be due to the introduction of Sn2+ species transformed into SnO2. Furthermore, SnO2 effectively segregated the active copper. These effects are beneficial in inhibiting the aggregation of copper in the catalysts, thereby improving the stability of the catalyst and prolonging the life span.
Morphological Control of Polymer Spherulites via Manipulating Radial Lamellar Organization upon Evaporative Crystallization: A Mini Review
Authors: Li Yiguo , Wang Zongbao , He Tianbai
Published: April 2017

Various spherulites or spherulitic crystals are widely encountered in polymeric materials when crystallized from viscous melts or concentrated solutions. However, the microstructures and growth processes are quite complicated and remain unclear and, thus, the formation mechanisms are rather elusive. Here, diverse kinds of spherulitic growths and patterns of typical polyesters via evaporative crystallization of solution-cast thin films are delineated after detailed investigating the microstructures and in situ following the developing processes. The spherulitic crystals produced under different evaporation conditions reflect variously optical features, such as the usual Maltese Cross, non-birefringent or half-birefringent concentric-rings, extinction spiral banding, and even a nested ring-banded pattern. Polymer spherulites are composed of stacks of radial fibrillar lamellae, and the diversity of bewitchingly spherulitic morphologies is dominated by the arrangement and organization of radial lamellae, which is predicted to be tunable by modulating the evaporative crystallization processes. The emergence of various types of spherulitic morphologies of the same polymer is attributed to a precise manipulation of the radial lamellar organization by a coupling of structural features and specific crystal evolving courses under confined evaporation environments. The present findings improve dramatically the understanding of the structural development and crystallization mechanism for emergence of diverse polymer spherulitic morphologies.
REDD+ Contribution to Well-Being and Income Is Marginal: The Perspective of Local Stakeholders
Authors: Sunderlin William , De Sassi Claudio , Ekaputri Andini , Light Mara , Pratama Christy
Published: April 2017

In addition to being a global strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from tropical deforestation, Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) intends to protect and improve the well-being and income of local stakeholders. The intention is to provide livelihood support in exchange for local stakeholder involvement in protecting forests. Eleven years after the launch of REDD+ at COP 11 in Montreal, the degree of success in meeting well-being and income goals is examined in six countries (Brazil, Peru, Cameroon, Tanzania, Indonesia, Vietnam) at 22 initiatives, 149 villages, and approximately 4000 households through a counter-factual approach. Half the villages and households are inside and half are outside the sphere of REDD+. Measurements are made at two points in time (2010–2012, and 2013–2014). This paper focuses on measurement of the subjective perception of local stakeholders. The study finds that REDD+ has not contributed significantly to perceived well-being and income sufficiency, in spite of the fact that most households have not only engaged with REDD+ interventions, but view them favorably. REDD+’s limited achievement to date is due to unavailability of funding, among other obstacles. Recommendations are made for enhanced attention to well-being and income sufficiency in the event that REDD+ eventually takes off.
Analysis of Costantino Landslide Dam Evolution (Southern Italy) by Means of Satellite Images, Aerial Photos, and Climate Data
Authors: Cencetti Corrado , Di Matteo Lucio , Romeo Saverio
Published: April 2017

Large landslides, triggered by earthquakes or heavy rainfall, often obstruct the river’s flow to form landslide dams, causing upstream inundations, and downstream flooding. In Italy, landslide dams are rather widespread along in Alps and Apennines: although the identification of past events is a complex task, some hundreds of landslide dams are identified in the literature. In order to assess the formation and evolution of landslide dams, several studies suggested the employment of geomorphological indexes. In this framework, the knowledge of site-specific time-space evolution can be useful in the understanding of the landslide dams phenomena. The present work focuses on a landslide dam that occurred in January 1973, which totally dammed the Bonamico River Valley (Southern Italy): the lake reached an area of about 175,000 m2, a volume of about 3.6 × 106 m3 and a maximum depth of 40 m. During 1973–2008, the lake surface gradually decreased and nowadays it is completely extinct by filling. By using satellite and aerial images, the paper discusses the evolution of the lake surface and the causes of the lake extinction. The use of a climate index (i.e., standardized precipitation index at different time scale) indicates that in recent decades the alternance of drought and heavy rainfall periods affected the inflow/outflow dynamics, the filling of lake due to the solid transport of the Bonamico River, and the failure of the landslide dam.
Vickers Indentation Fracture Toughness of Near-Nano and Nanostructured WC-Co Cemented Carbides
Authors: Aleksandrov Fabijanić Tamara , Ćorić Danko , Šnajdar Musa Mateja , Sakoman Matija
Published: April 2017

In this paper, the fracture toughness KIc of near-nano and nanostructured WC-Co cemented carbides by Vickers indentation fracture toughness (VIF) was investigated. The aim was to research the type of cracking occurring in near-nano and nano-grained WC-Co cemented carbides with respect to the Co content and, consequently, to evaluate the appropriateness of different models for the fracture toughness calculation. The mixtures with different binder content—4, 6, and 9 wt. % Co—were consolidated by sintering in a hydrogen atmosphere. Vickers indentation using a test force of 294 N was used for the determination of fracture toughness. The type of crack that occurred as a consequence of the applied load on the corners of the Vickers indentations was analysed with optical microscopy before and after repolishing the samples. Different crack models, Palmqvist and radial-median, were applied for the calculation of KIc. Instrumented indentation testing was used to determine the modulus of elasticity of the consolidated samples. From the research it was found that near-nano and nanostructured cemented carbides with 9 and 6 wt. % Co do not exhibit median cracking and the indenter cracks remain radial in nature, while near-nano and nanostructured cemented carbides with 4 wt. % Co exhibit both radial and median cracking. Accordingly, it was concluded that the critical amount of the binder phase in near-nano and nanostructured WC-Co at which the crack changes its geometry from Palmqvist to radial-median is around 4 wt. % Co. Comparing different models it was found that KIc values are not consistent and differ for each method used. Models from Exner crack resistance for the Palmqvist crack showed good agreement. Radial-median crack models showed significant KIc deviations for the same testing conditions for all samples.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Activity Evaluation of Cu(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) and Pt(II) Complexes with Isoniazid-Derived Compound
Authors: Pahonțu Elena , Ilieș Diana-Carolina , Shova Sergiu , Oprean Camelia , Păunescu Virgil , Olaru Octavian , Rădulescu Flavian , Gulea Aurelian , Roșu Tudor , Drăgănescu Doina
Published: April 2017

Hydrazone complexes of Cu(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) and Pt(II) with N-isonicotinoyl-N′-(3-metoxy-2 hydroxybenzaldehyde)-hydrazone (HL) were synthesized and characterized by different physico-chemical techniques including elemental and thermal analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurements, molar electric conductivity, as well as IR (infrared), 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR (hydrogen and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, UV-Vis (ultraviolet-visible), FAB (fast atom bombardment), EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance), and mass spectroscopies. The crystal structure of ligand was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Spectral data showed that hydrazone behaves as an ONO tridentate ligand through the azomethine nitrogen, phenolate and keto oxygen atoms. For the copper(II) complexes, metal–ligand bonding parameters were evaluated from the EPR spectra. These parameters indicate the presence of in-plane π bonding. In addition, the f values of complexes 1–4 indicate small distortion from planarity. The effect of these complexes on proliferation of human breast cancer (MCF-7 and SKBR-3), human melanoma (A375), lung adenocarcinoma cells (NCI-H1573) and their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans strains were studied and compared with those of free ligand. The ligand and complexes 1–3 showed significant antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans in comparison to the control drugs. The complexes 2–4 could be potential antitumor agents, leading to a significant improvement of the cytotoxic activity when compared with HL.
Parallel Agent-as-a-Service (P-AaaS) Based Geospatial Service in the Cloud
Authors: Tan Xicheng , Guo Song , Di Liping , Deng Meixia , Huang Fang , Ye Xinyue , Sun Ziheng , Gong Weishu , Sha Zongyao , Pan Shaoming
Published: April 2017

To optimize the efficiency of the geospatial service in the flood response decision making system, a Parallel Agent-as-a-Service (P-AaaS) method is proposed and implemented in the cloud. The prototype system and comparisons demonstrate the advantages of our approach over existing methods. The P-AaaS method includes both parallel architecture and a mechanism for adjusting the computational resources—the parallel geocomputing mechanism of the P-AaaS method used to execute a geospatial service and the execution algorithm of the P-AaaS based geospatial service chain, respectively. The P-AaaS based method has the following merits: (1) it inherits the advantages of the AaaS-based method (i.e., avoiding transfer of large volumes of remote sensing data or raster terrain data, agent migration, and intelligent conversion into services to improve domain expert collaboration); (2) it optimizes the low performance and the concurrent geoprocessing capability of the AaaS-based method, which is critical for special applications (e.g., highly concurrent applications and emergency response applications); and (3) it adjusts the computing resources dynamically according to the number and the performance requirements of concurrent requests, which allows the geospatial service chain to support a large number of concurrent requests by scaling up the cloud-based clusters in use and optimizes computing resources and costs by reducing the number of virtual machines (VMs) when the number of requests decreases.
MBES-CARIS Data Validation for Bathymetric Mapping of Shallow Water in the Kingdom of Bahrain on the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Bannari Abderrazak , Kadhem Ghadeer
Published: April 2017

Sound navigating and ranging (SONAR) detection systems can provide valuable information for navigation and security, especially in shallow coastal areas. The last few years have seen an important increase in the volume of bathymetric data produced by Multi-Beam Echo-sounder Systems (MBES). Recently, the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) released these MBES dataset preprocessed and processed with Computer Aided Resource Information System (CARIS) for public domain use. For the first time, this research focuses on the validation of these released MBES-CARIS dataset performance and robustness for bathymetric mapping of shallow water at the regional scale in the Kingdom of Bahrain (Arabian Gulf). The data were imported, converted and processed in a GIS environment. Only area that covers the Bahrain national water boundary was extracted, avoiding the land surfaces. As the released dataset were stored in a node-grid points uniformly spaced with approximately 923 m and 834 m in north and west directions, respectively, simple kriging was used for densification and bathymetric continuous surface map derivation with a 30 by 30 m pixel size. In addition to dataset cross-validation, 1200 bathymetric points representing different water depths between 0 and −30 m were selected randomly and extracted from a medium scale (1:100,000) nautical map, and they were used for validation purposes. The cross-validation results showed that the modeled semi-variogram was adjusted appropriately assuring satisfactory results. Moreover, the validation results by reference to the nautical map showed that when we consider the total validation points with different water depths, linear statistical regression analysis at a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05) provide a good coefficient of correlation (R2 = 0.95), a good index of agreement (D = 0.82), and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.34 m. However, when we consider only the validation points (~800) with depth lower than −10 m, both R2 and D decreased to 0.79 and 0.52, respectively, while the RMSE increased to 1.92 m. Otherwise, when we consider exclusively shallow water points (~400) with a depth higher than −10 m, the results showed a very significant R2 (0.97), a good D (0.84) and a low RMSE (0.51 m). Certainly, the released MBES-CARIS data are more appropriate for shallow water bathymetric mapping. However, for the relatively deeper areas the obtained results are relatively less accurate because probably the MBSE did not cover the bottom in several deeper pockmarks as the rapid change in depth. Possibly the steep slopes and the rough seafloor affect the integrity of the acquired raw data. Moreover, the interpolation of the missed areas’ values between MBSE acquisition data points may not reflect the true depths of these areas. It is possible also that the nautical map used for validation was not established with a good accuracy in the deeper regions.
Evaluation and Improvement of SMOS and SMAP Soil Moisture Products for Soils with High Organic Matter over a Forested Area in Northeast China
Authors: Jin Mengjie , Zheng Xingming , Jiang Tao , Li Xiaofeng , Li Xiao-Jie , Zhao Kai
Published: April 2017

Soil moisture (SM) retrieval from SMOS (the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission) and SMAP (the Soil Moisture Active/Passive mission) passive microwave data over forested areas with required accuracy is of great significance and poses some challenges. In this paper, we used Ground Wireless Sensor Network (GWSN) SM measurements from 9 September to 5 November 2015 to validate SMOS and SMAP Level 3 (L3) SM products over forested areas in northeastern China. Our results found that neither SMOS nor SMAP L3 SM products were ideal, with respective RMSE (root mean square error) values of 0.31 cm3/cm3 and 0.17 cm3/cm3. Nevertheless, some improvements in SM retrieval might be achievable through refinements of the soil dielectric model with respect to high percentage of soil organic matter (SOM) in the forested area. To that end, the potential of the semi-empirical soil dielectric model proposed by Jun Liu (Liu’s model) in improving SM retrieval results over forested areas was investigated. Introducing Liu’s model into the retrieval algorithms of both SMOS and SMAP missions produced promising results. For SMAP, the RMSE of L3 SM products improved from 0.16 cm3/cm3 to 0.07 cm3/cm3 for AM (local solar time around 06:00 am) data, and from 0.17 cm3/cm3 to 0.05 cm3/cm3 for PM (local solar time around 06:00 pm) data. For SMOS ascending orbit products, the accuracy was improved by 56%, while descending orbit products improved by 45%.
Examining Supportive Evidence for Psychosocial Theories of Aging within the Oral History Narratives of Centenarians
Authors: Heinz Melinda , Cone Nicholas , Da Rosa Grace , Bishop Alex , Finchum Tanya
Published: April 2017

Oral history provides researchers opportunities to assess narratives and compare them to existing theories of aging. Oftentimes the discussion of psychosocial theories of aging does not include the oldest-old. The purpose of this study was to assess evidence of psychosocial theories of aging within oral history narratives from a subsample of 20 centenarians from the Oklahoma 100 Year Life Oral History Project. Analysis utilized seven theories: Activity Theory, Continuity Theory, Disengagement Theory, Theory of Gerotranscendence, Modernization Theory, Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC) Theory, and Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST). Researchers used content analysis to assess each oral history narrative and noted Activity Theory and Gerotranscendence had the most evidence. Most centenarians described how they were extremely active well into older adulthood. Common themes across oral history narratives indicated that centenarians maintained a preference for activity such as formal work. Centenarians also reported a readiness for death and little fear of it. In addition, increased time spent reflecting on spirituality and religion indicated changes in self-discovery. Identification of Disengagement and Socioemotional Selectivity were sparse in the transcripts. It is possible that to reach such longevity, centenarians relied on their communities and support networks to achieve this status. It is also possible that centenarians outlived individuals in their social networks who were emotionally fulfilling. Further qualitative work should assess evidence of psychosocial theories among other long-lived older adults.
San Antonio 360: The Rise and Decline of the Concentric City 1890–2010
Authors: Caine Ian , Walter Rebecca , Foote Nathan
Published: April 2017

This paper catalogs the suburban expansion of San Antonio, Texas by decade between the years 1890 and 2009, a time frame that saw the city reorganize its morphological structure four times. The city inhabited a 36-square mile grid until the late nineteenth century; expanded radially along streetcar lines during the early twentieth century; grew concentrically along automotive ring roads during the mid-twentieth century; and has assumed a polycentric organization within the past two decades. This research places San Antonio’s recent demographic and geographic boom into historical perspective, utilizing construction completions in host Bexar County to answer the following question: how did the form, location, and type of suburban growth shift over 120 years? The research reveals three trends: first, that historically concentric growth patterns began to assume a polycentric configuration in the late twentieth century; second, that patterns of centrifugal expansion began to accelerate dramatically during the same time period; and third, that the relative increase of multifamily completions has surpassed that of single-family completions in five of the last six decades. These findings suggest that the City of San Antonio, in order to establish a sustainable growth model, must prioritize the opportunities and constraints associated with polycentric suburban expansion.
Dust-polarization Maps and Interstellar Turbulence
Authors: Caldwell Robert R. , Hirata Chris , Kamionkowski Marc
Published: April 2017

Perhaps the most intriguing result of Planck’s dust-polarization measurements is the observation that the power in the E-mode polarization is twice that in the B mode, as opposed to pre-Planck expectations of roughly equal dust powers in the E and B modes. Here we show how the E- and B-mode powers depend on the detailed properties of the fluctuations in the magnetized interstellar medium (ISM). These fluctuations can be decomposed into slow, fast, and Alfvén magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves, which comprise a complete basis that can be used to describe linear fluctuations of a magnetized fluid. They can alternatively be decomposed in terms of one longitudinal and two transverse components of a fluid-displacement field. The intensity (T) and E- and B-mode amplitudes induced by each of the three types of waves, in both decompositions, are then calculated. To illustrate how these tools can be applied, we consider a toy model of the ISM in which dust traces a single component of plasma, and obtain the EE/BB ratio and TE correlation for several ansatzes for the power in slow/fast/Alfvén waves and in longitudinal/transverse waves. Although our model may be too simplistic to properly describe the nonlinear structure of interstellar magnetic fields, we find that the observed EE/BB ratio (and its scale invariance) and positive TE correlation—as well as the observed power-law index for the angular spectrum of these fluctuations—are not easily accommodated in terms of simple MHD turbulence prescriptions for the expected powers in slow, fast, and Alfvén waves. We speculate that the ∼0.1–30 pc length scales probed by these dust-polarization measurements are not described by MHD turbulence, but rather probe the large-scale physics that drives ISM turbulence. We find that a slightly anisotropic spectrum of random fluid displacements produces

and a positive TE cross-correlation. Furthermore, we find that large EE/BB and positive TE are due primarily to longitudinal, rather than transverse, modes in the random-displacement field, providing, perhaps, some clue to the mechanism that stirs the ISM. Future investigations involving the spatial dependence of the EE/BB ratio, TE correlation, and local departures from statistical isotropy in dust-polarization maps, as well as further tests of some of the assumptions in this analysis, are outlined. This work may also aid in the improvement of foreground-separation techniques for studies of cosmic microwave background polarization.
Radial Surface Density Profiles of Gas and Dust in the Debris Disk around 49 Ceti
Authors: Hughes A. Meredith , Lieman-Sifry Jesse , Flaherty Kevin M. , Daley Cail M. , Roberge Aki , Kóspál Ágnes , Moór Attila , Kamp Inga , Wilner David J. , Andrews Sean M. , Kastner Joel H. , Ábrahám Peter
Published: April 2017

We present ∼0.″4 resolution images of CO(3–2) and associated continuum emission from the gas-bearing debris disk around the nearby A star 49 Ceti, observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA). We analyze the ALMA visibilities in tandem with the broadband spectral energy distribution to measure the radial surface density profiles of dust and gas emission from the system. The dust surface density decreases with radius between ∼100 and 310 au, with a marginally significant enhancement of surface density at a radius of ∼110 au. The SED requires an inner disk of small grains in addition to the outer disk of larger grains resolved by ALMA. The gas disk exhibits a surface density profile that increases with radius, contrary to most previous spatially resolved observations of circumstellar gas disks. While ∼80% of the CO flux is well described by an axisymmetric power-law disk in Keplerian rotation about the central star, residuals at ∼20% of the peak flux exhibit a departure from axisymmetry suggestive of spiral arms or a warp in the gas disk. The radial extent of the gas disk (∼220 au) is smaller than that of the dust disk (∼300 au), consistent with recent observations of other gas-bearing debris disks. While there are so far only three broad debris disks with well characterized radial dust profiles at millimeter wavelengths, 49 Ceti’s disk shows a markedly different structure from two radially resolved gas-poor debris disks, implying that the physical processes generating and sculpting the gas and dust are fundamentally different.
Vécu psychologique et enjeux du départ à la retraite
Authors: Arbuz Georges
Published: April 2017

Le départ à la retraite est souvent décrit comme une épreuve. Mais il n’a pas que des aspects négatifs. Lorsque le retraité accepte de prendre un temps pour comprendre et situer l’événement dans sa trajectoire de vie, il lui devient possible de mieux vivre le passage, d’en découvrir des aspects précédemment négligés, de mieux faire face aux autres changements, transitions et ruptures du dernier tiers de l’existence, de changer son regard sur soi et de revoir ses priorités. Tel est le sujet de cet article qui, après la description des bouleversements des modes d’être et de penser que provoque le départ, présente les profits que peut retirer la personne d’une réflexion sur le passage de la vie professionnelle à celle de retraité.
La retraite ou la négativité du travail
Authors: Talpin Jean-Marc
Published: April 2017

La retraite est abordée comme révélateur d’un certain nombre des enjeux latents liés au travail et à l’emploi. Ces enjeux seront développés autour des axes suivants : organisation de la temporalité, soutien d’un objet d’investissement stable, soutien narcissique sous l’angle de la valorisation et de l’identité, soutien des liens sociaux et amicaux, régulation de la vie de couple et de famille. Ces différentes fonctions sont mises en lien avec la question de la modification des ressources financières lors du passage à la retraite. Ces axes sont plus ou moins étroitement intriqués les uns aux autres. De ce fait, le travail est pensé comme un facteur de compensation psychique, la perte du travail pouvant participer à une décompensation du sujet dès lors qu’il doit porter pour son propre compte ce qu’il avait délégué au cadre professionnel, y déposant ses angoisses relatives au narcissisme et à l’investissement.
Re-traiter sa vie aujourd’hui au Québec
Authors: Mercier Lucie , Rhéaume Jacques
Published: April 2017

Bien des changements caractérisent le passage au statut social dit de « retraité ». Dans un premier temps sont brièvement présentées certaines statistiques et quelques particularités des politiques canadiennes et québécoises sur la retraite : données sociodémographiques, financement public et privé, lien d’emploi, soins de santé… Toutefois, il sera principalement question des dimensions psychosociologiques de l’expérience de la retraite vécue par des personnes qui franchissent cette importante transition. Cette analyse s’appuie sur des données produites dans le cadre d’une expérience des auteurs, pendant une douzaine d’années, dans la conduite de séminaires de recherche-formation fondée sur la méthodologie des récits de vie individuels ou en groupe. Différentes figures de « retraitement » de la vie sont présentées, une certaine typologie des parcours de retraite, tout en soulignant le caractère singulier de l’expérience vécue de la personne.
L’institution et la régulation de la relation d’aide
Authors: Blondel Frédéric
Published: April 2017

Les institutions sociales, si elles doivent garantir aux professionnels de la relation d’aide sociale une liberté d’action dans la conduite de l’accompagnement des publics qui leur sont confiés, devraient aussi les protéger de la tentation souveraine qui peut potentiellement se déployer du fait de l’asymétrie des positions dans l’« entre soi » de la relation d’accompagnement. En effet, quel que soit son statut par rapport à la personne, l’aidant, en entrant dans le « monde » de la relation d’aide aux personnes vulnérables, endosse, à son corps défendant, la position du souverain, du puissant, dans l’entre soi du colloque singulier. Le garde-fou contre l’exercice d’une telle souveraineté qui peut être destructrice réside, au-delà du déploiement des qualités éthiques des personnes, dans le regard collégial et collectif porté sur les pratiques. Cet article analyse l’intérêt de concevoir démocratiquement des dispositifs de régulation collective au sein desquels la créativité, potentiellement destructrice ou contre-productive, puisse être mise en débat et trouver à se convertir en créativité bienveillante au service de la relation d’aide.
Développement durable et management : Quel lien ? Pour quelle performance ? Cas de six entreprises industrielles marocaines
Authors: Barmaki Loubna , Aitcheikh Driss
Published: April 2017

L’histoire dévoile que le management est lié à la société et à son évolution (Robbins et al., 2011), il devient logique qu’avec l’institutionnalisation du développement durable, l’entreprise socialement responsable ne peut plus limiter ses actions aux seules finalités de satisfaction des clients et de maximisation du profit mais doit les inscrire aussi dans la durabilité en préservant son environnement et en répondant aux attentes de ses parties prenantes (steackholders) internes et externes. L’intérêt de cet article est d’essayer d’apporter des éléments de réponse aux deux questions suivantes : quel lien peut-on établir entre le développement durable et le management ? Pour quelle performance ? Puis, d’analyser si six (6) grandes entreprises industrielles marocaines, intègrent le développement durable au niveau de leur management et si elles sont à la recherche d’une performance globale.
Planifier et organiser la diversification économique en Afrique centrale
Authors: Ngangoue François
Published: April 2017

En concentrant leurs efforts sur l’exportation des produits de base dont la valeur représente une faible « élasticité » des prix et des revenus par rapport à la demande, les pays d’Afrique centrale mettent leurs économies en état de déséquilibre réel. Ce phénomène de distorsion réelle entre l’offre et la demande des produits primaires accroît la vulnérabilité aux chocs internes et externes. Pour surmonter les défaillances structurelles de leurs économies, ces pays devraient opérer des choix rationnels en organisant et en planifiant la diversification de leurs économies. L’objectif de l’étude est donc de proposer des pistes d’action capables de transformer structurellement les économies d’Afrique pour une meilleure insertion internationale, source de croissance durable et d’appropriation du processus de développement.
Du symbolisme des liquides
Authors: Costa Iacopo
Published: April 2017

L’article offre l’édition d’un sermon sur le ravissement de saint Paul au troisième ciel. Le sermon est probablement l’œuvre d’un franciscain et remonte sûrement au dernier quart du xiii e siècle. L’étude qui accompagne l’édition se propose d’analyser les sources du sermon et notamment l’usage, qui y est fait, d’un complexe apparat symbolique ; celui-ci exploite notamment des symboles « liquides » ou « fluides » : eau, larmes, rosée, vin, etc. On propose également une interprétation de la « psychologie du raptus » esquissée dans le texte.
D’une voie sans issue par une voix sans éclat
Authors: Perrin Christophe
Published: April 2017

De la solitude chez Levinas, la doctrine a déjà été ressaisie, mais non point les origines — par-delà Heidegger et Husserl, Proust et surtout Estaunié –, ni d’ailleurs la double ambiguïté – thématique et axiologique — comme la double ambivalence — méthodologique et thétique. C’est là le but de cette étude qui s’appuie aussi bien sur les textes publiés par l’auteur que sur ses premiers inédits, tous faisant mieux apprécier, parmi les grands penseurs de la tradition, la solitude de Levinas.
Michel Henry, lecteur des Pères de l’Église
Authors: Perrot Arnaud
Published: April 2017

Le présent article s’intéresse à Incarnation de Michel Henry comme témoignage d’une lecture philosophique contemporaine des « Pères de l’Église ». L’analyse porte d’abord sur la façon dont l’auteur construit les rapports entre les chrétiens et l’hellénisme, par l’usage matriciel du Discours de Paul à l’Aréopage, selon une lecture créative. Elle traite ensuite de l’interprétation henryenne du « consensus des Pères » comme « la séquence idéelle » du combat pour la réalité de l’Incarnation, et met enfin en évidence l’appropriation de la pensée d’Irénée, de Tertullien et d’Augustin par l’exégèse philosophique, mais aussi du Nouveau Testament lui-même.
L’incarnation dilatée
Authors: Riparelli Enrico
Published: April 2017

Le dominicain français Claude Geffré est l’un des théologiens les plus connus qui se sont consacrés à étudier l’impact de la globalisation sur l’expression de la foi chrétienne. Cette étude entend mettre en évidence son importante contribution en tant que réponse aux défis auxquels le christianisme est confronté dans ce monde de plus en plus interconnecté. Après avoir présenté les travaux des plus célèbres penseurs qui ont compris à quel point la rencontre entre la théologie et les données historiques était nécessaire, on verra comment, aujourd’hui, dans le sillage de Claude Geffré, on doit se concentrer sur les coordonnées géographiques en vue de construire un christianisme réellement universel.
Effect of fluorides on tricalcium aluminate at high temperatures
Authors: Toporow - , Volkonskij - , Sadkow -
Published: April 2017

Not available
Gamma Factors, Root Numbers, and Distinction
Authors: Matringe Nadir , Offen Omer
Published: April 2017

We study a relation between distinction and special values of local invariants for representations of the general linear group over a quadratic extension of p-adic fields. We show that the local Rankin–Selberg root number of any pair of distinguished representation is trivial, and as a corollary we obtain an analogue for the global root number of any pair of distinguished cuspidal representations. We further study the extent to which the gamma factor at 1/2 is trivial for distinguished representations as well as the converse problem.
Clinicoepidemiologic characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival analysis of patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and Leishmania in an area of Madrid, Spain.
Authors: Lopez-Velez R , Perez-Molina J A , Guerrero A , Baquero F , Villarrubia J , Escribano L , Bellas C , Perez-Corral F , Alvar J
Published: April 2017

From 1987 to 1995, a retrospective case study was conducted at the Ramon y Cajal Hospital in Madrid, Spain, a public teaching hospital with 1,100 beds, to determine the clinicoepidemiologic characteristics, survival, and prognostic factors of patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The prevalence of VL in HIV+ patients compared with HIV- patients was studied. Epidemiologic, clinical, and parasitologic characteristics, as well as the effects of treatment, prognosis, and survival in 54 HIV+ patients (90 episodes) with VL were defined. Comparative survival studies among patients with and without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining criteria and multivariate analysis of survival risk factors were performed. The prevalence of VL in patients with AIDS was much higher than in immunocompetent individuals. In spite of a good initial response to treatment for VL, 60.6% of the patients had relapsed by the end of one year. Mortality from the first episode was 18.5%, and 24% died in the first month after diagnosis of any VL episode. The mean survival of the 29 patients who died was 10.27 months. Survival in patients with and without AIDS at the time of the first episode of VL was compared at 30 months: 53.7% versus 20.5% (P = 0.00149). We found no significant difference (P = 0.24) in the survival of HIV+ patients who had died of VL without AIDS at the time of the first episode of VL compared with those of a control group of 413 dead patients with AIDS without VL. A diagnosis of AIDS at the time of the first episode of VL and thrombocytopenia were the only risk factors found related to survival. We conclude that in AIDS patients, VL is a recurrent disease that is highly prevalent and whose clinical course is modified by HIV.
Short- and long-term action of multiple doses of ivermectin on loiasis microfilaremia.
Authors: Kombila M , Duong T H , Ferrer A , Perret J L , Marion M C , Nguiri C , Gaxotte P , Manfoumbi M , Richard-Lenoble D
Published: April 2017

One hundred nine Gabonese patients infected with Loa loa microfilariae were treated with ivermectin (200 microg/kg of body weight) at the Parasitology, Mycology and Tropical Medicine Department (Faculte de Medecine et des Sciences de la Sante, Libreville, Gabon). Each was given one dose per month for six consecutive months. The peripheral blood microfilaria (mf) count before and after each dose showed an average decrease in the microfilaremia of 87.3% (short-term-single dose). An annual single-dose mass treatment with 200 microg/kg of ivermectin was sufficient to control the parasite in populations with low (< 400/ml) L. loa mf counts. One month after the sixth dose (short-term-multiple doses), the average microfilaremia rate had decreased by 99.2% compared with the initial infection (35 patients). Samples were taken from 28 patients one month after the first dose and one month after the sixth dose. The average mf count decreased by 96.4% after the first dose and by 99.6% after the sixth dose (average residual mf counts = 13.7 and 1.5 mf/ml, respectively). The mf count after the sixth dose was only 11.2% of the count after the first dose. The low mf count persisted for more than six months after the sixth treatment (long-term-multiple doses). Thus, mass treatment with multiple doses is more appropriate for areas where the blood mf count is very high. These results show that the number of the annual treatments used in mass chemotherapy with ivermectin can be adapted to each population to provide efficient protection.
Income inequality, the wage share, and economic growth
Authors: Dutt Amitava Krishna
Published: April 2017

It has long been argued that an increase in inequality increases the rate of economic growth by increasing the share of income going to profit recipients, whose saving contributes to capital accumulation, so that growth is profit-led. A more recent tradition argues that an increase in equality and a rise in the wage share can increase growth by increasing consumption and investment demand, so that growth is wage-led. Bhaduri and Marglin and others argue, however, that even if economic activity is demand-determined, a shift in income distribution towards profits can increase output and growth. This paper examines how a reduction in inequality affects economic growth, thereby contributing to the debate on wage-led and profit-led growth and broadening it to focus on inequality rather than the profit share. It does so by reviewing and re-examining the cases in which workers save, the determinants of investment, and the open economy, three issues that have been emphasized in the literature.
Government spending composition, aggregate demand, growth, and distribution
Authors: Tavani Daniele , Zamparelli Luca
Published: April 2017

We study a demand-driven growth and distribution model with a public sector, both without and with government debt. Government spending is used to finance the accumulation of public capital and to pay wages to public employees. The interaction between public capital and induced technical change makes long-run growth: (i) hump-shaped in the composition of government spending, (ii) wage-led, and (iii) government-spending-led. Provided that the interest rate on government bonds is kept below the growth rate, the size of government debt is irrelevant for long-run growth.
Bayesian inverse modeling of the atmospheric transport and emissions of a controlled tracer release from a nuclear power plant
Authors: Lucas Donald D. , Simpson Matthew D. , Cameron-Smith Philip , Baskett Ronald L.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Probability distribution functions (PDFs) of model inputs that affect the transport and dispersion of a trace gas released from a coastal California nuclear power plant are quantified using ensemble simulations, machine learning algorithms, and Bayesian inversion. The PDFs are constrained by observations of tracer concentrations and account for uncertainty in meteorology, transport, diffusion, and emissions. Meteorological uncertainty is calculated using an ensemble of simulations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model that samples five categories of model inputs (initialization time, boundary layer physics, land surface model, nudging options, and reanalysis data). The WRF output is used to drive tens of thousands of FLEXPART dispersion simulations that sample a uniform distribution of six emissions inputs. Machine learning algorithms are trained on the ensemble data, and used to quantify the sources of ensemble variability and to infer, via inverse modeling, the values of the 11 model inputs most consistent with tracer measurements. We find a substantial ensemble spread in tracer concentrations (factors of 10 to 103), most of which is due to changing emissions inputs (about 80 %), though the cumulative effects of meteorological variations are not negligible. The performance of the inverse method is verified using synthetic observations generated from arbitrarily selected simulations. When applied to measurements from a controlled tracer release experiment, the most likely inversion results are within about 200 meters of the known release location, 5 and 50 minutes of the release start and duration times, respectively, and 22 % of the release amount. The inversion also estimates probabilities of different combinations of WRF inputs of matching the tracer observations.
Development of a portable cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometer for the measurement of ambient NO3 and N2O5: experimental setup, lab characterizations, and field applications in a polluted urban environment
Authors: Wang Haichao , Chen Jun , Lu Keding
Published: April 2017

Abstract. A small and portable incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometer (IBBCEAS) for NO3 and N2O5 measurement has been developed. The instrument features a mechanically aligned non-adjustable optical mounting system, and the novel design of the optical mounting system enables a fast setup and stable operation in field applications. To remove the influence of the strong nonlinear absorption by water vapour, a dynamic reference spectrum through NO titration is used for the spectrum analysis. The wall loss effects of the sample system were extensively studied, and the total transmission efficiencies were determined to be 85 and 55 % for N2O5 and NO3, respectively, for our experimental setup. The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 2.4 pptv (1σ) and 2.7 pptv (1σ) at 1 s intervals for NO3 and N2O5, respectively. The associated uncertainty of the field measurement was estimated to be 19 % for NO3 and 22–36 % for N2O5 measurements from the uncertainties of transmission efficiency, absorption cross section, effective cavity length, and mirror reflectivity. The instrument was successfully deployed in two comprehensive field campaigns conducted in the winter and summer of 2016 in Beijing. Up to 1.0 ppb NO3+N2O5 was observed with the presence of high aerosol loadings, which indicates an active night-time chemistry in Beijing.
Antimicrobial effect of selected lactic acid bacteria against microorganisms with decarboxylase activity
Authors: Purevdorj Khatantuul , Maršálková Kristýna , Březinová Iva , Žalková Adéla , Pleva Pavel , Buňková Leona
Published: April 2017

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of twenty-one bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria (12 strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, 4 strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, 3 strains of Lb. helveticus and 2 strains of Lb. acidophilus, LAB) against 28 Staphylococcus and 33 Enterococcus strains able to produce tyramine, putrescine, 2-phenylethylamine and cadaverine. The antimicrobial activity of cell-free supernatants (CFS) from tested LAB was examined by an agar-well diffusion assay. Nine out of twenty-one strains (33%) showed the inhibitory effect on tested enterococci and staphylococci, namely 9 strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. The diameters of inhibition zones ranged between 7 mm and 14 mm. The biggest diameter of 14 mm inhibition was obtained with the CFS's from strains CCDM 670 and CCDM 731 on Enterococcus sp. E16 and E28. The cell-free supernatants from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CCDM 71 and from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CCDM 731 displayed the broadest antibacterial activity (52% inhibition of all tested strains). On the other hand, the cell-free supernatants from the screened Lactobacillus strains did not show any inhibitory effect on the tested Staphylococcus and Enterococcus strains. Nowadays, the great attention is given to the antibacterial substances produced by lactic acid bacteria. With the ability to produce a variety of metabolites displaying inhibitory effect, the LAB have great potential in biopreservation of food.
Microbiological quality of chicken breast meat after application of thyme and caraway essential oils
Authors: Kunová Simona , Zeleňáková Lucia , Lopašovský Ľubomí­r , Mellen Martin , Čapla Jozef , Zajác Peter , Kačániová Miroslava
Published: April 2017

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of selected types of antimicrobial essential oils to the various groups of microorganisms during storage of chicken meat. The samples of chicken breast meat were used in the experiment. The number of lactobacilli, Pseudomonas spp., anaerobic plate count and Enterobacteriaceae after application of caraway and thyme essential oils (EO) at concentration 1% v/w in a combination with the ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) solution 1.5% w/w and vacuum packaging were evaluated. The samples were analyzed at 0, 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th day of storage of chicken meat at temperature 4 °C. Another aim was to determine the species of isolated microorganisms from samples of chicken meat by MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper (matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry). The number of Lactobalillus spp. ranged from 1.35 log CFU.g-1 in all groups to 3.04 log CFU.g-1 on 0th day to 3.04 log CFU.g-1 on 4th day in control group stored in air. The Pseudomonas spp. was not found in all tested samples at the start of the experiment, the highest number of Pseudomonas spp. was in the control group on 16th day (2.68 log CFU.g-1). Presence of Pseudomonas spp. were not found during storage in groups after treatment with caraway and thyme EO. The values of anaerobic plate count ranged from 2.81 log CFU.g-1 on 4th day in control group with vacuum packaging to 5.19 log CFU.g-1 on 16th day in control group in air condition. The Enterobacteriaceae was not found in all tested samples on 0th day and ranged to 4.46 log CFU.g-1 on 12th day in control group in air condition. From Lactobacillus spp., the most often identified species was Lactobacillus paracasei, from genus Pseudomonas, there were identified Pseudomonas fluorescens in two cases. From anaerobic plate count, there were isolated Staphylococcus warneri from control goup stored in air condition, Kocuria rhizophila from control group with vacuum packaging, Staphylococcus warneri, Aeromonas salmonicida and Aeromonas popoffii from control group treated with EDTA, Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus epidermidis from group treated with caraway essential oil.  From Enterobacteriaceae, the most bacteria were isolated from control group in air condition and from control group treated with EDTA.