bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
γ‐irradiation hardness investigations of (PANI)1−x(Bi2Te3)x composites for thermistor applications
Authors: Shalaby Mustafa Saeed , Abdelhaleem Soraya , Taha Eman O. , Yousif Nashwa M.
Published: November 2022

The (PANI)1−x(Bi2Te3)x composites were successfully synthesized. These composites have a simple physical combination of intrinsic conducting polymer and nanocrystal topological insulator materials which are promising new materials for unusual applications. The influence of γ‐irradiation (100 kGy doses) on the performance of the (PANI)1−x(Bi2Te3)x composites was described by atypical techniques to assess the radiation hardness of the samples. X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements show the semi‐crystalline phases, the other structural parameters, and the phonon modes. The compositional analysis and the morphological properties were investigated by energy‐dispersive X‐ray, while transmission electron microscopy imaging confirmed the morphology of the dopants of Bi2Te3 nanoparticles into the polyaniline (PANI) matrix, which shows the accumulation of the particles. Thermogravimetric analysis figured out the degradation behavior of the compositions. The representative electron spin resonance (ESR) signal exhibits a narrow single‐line ESR spectrum for PANI/Bi2Te3 nanoparticle concentrations. (PANI)1−x(Bi2Te3)x illustrates unexpected ferromagnetic behavior that confirms the magnetic performance of the samples without introducing any magnetic dopants. The obtained materials showed promising performance for using such hybrid materials as a positive temperature coefficient thermistor.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Cyclopelta obscura (Lepeletier & Serville, 1825) (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea: Dinidoridae) and phylogenetic analysis of Pentatomoidea species
Authors: Yan Baorong , Chen Shunde
Published: November 2022

Cyclopelta obscura is a crop pest, which mainly damages legumes, especially Robinia pseudoacacia and Cercis chinensis. In recent years, many mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences of C. obscura have been sequenced and used for phylogenetic inference. However, the complete mitogenome has not been reported yet and studies on the phylogenetic relationships within Dinidoridae are rare. In this study, we sequenced the mitogenome of C. obscura and conducted comparative mitogenomic analyses of seven Dinidoridae species based on several different factors. The length of the mitogenome is 15,426 bp, which includes 37 typical mitochondrial genes (13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs) and a control region (796 bp long), as well as 13 intergenic spacers and 8 overlapping regions. Most PCGs of C. obscura began with the classical start codon ATN, while cox1 and nad4l used TTG, and nad1 used GTG. The Dinidoridae mitogenomes are highly conserved in terms of nucleotide composition, the codon usage of PCGs, and the secondary structure of tRNA. Phylogenetic analysis based on four datasets with two methods recovered the Dinidoridae as a monophyletic group with strong support values. All results indicate that Dinidoridae formed a sister group to Tessaratomidae, and (Tessaratomidae + Dinidoridae) formed a sister group to Cydnidae in most of the phylogenetic trees. Additionally, seven species within the Dinidoridae, we observed the following relationship: (Eumenotes sp. + (Cyclopelta parva + C. obscura)) + ((Megymenum gracilicorne + Megymenum brevicorne) + (Coridius chinensis + Coridius brunneu)).
Genomic strategies to untangle the etiology of autism: A primer
Authors: Vashisth Shayal , Chahrour Maria H.
Published: November 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in communication, diminished social skills, and restrictive and repetitive behaviors and interests. ASD affects approximately 2.3% of the population and is highly heterogeneous, both phenotypically and genetically. As genomic technologies advance, our understanding of the genetic architecture of ASD is becoming clearer, encompassing spontaneous and inherited alterations throughout the genome, and delineating alterations that are either rare or common in the population. This commentary provides an overview of the genomic strategies and resulting major findings of genetic alterations associated with ASD.
Genetic ablation of Toll‐like Receptor 4 seems to activate the apoptosis pathway in the skeletal muscle of mice after acute physical exercise
Authors: Marafon Bruno B. , Pinto Ana P. , de Vicente Larissa G. , da Rocha Alisson L. , Simabuco Fernando M. , Ropelle Eduardo R. , de Moura Leandro P. , Cintra Dennys E. , Pauli José R. , Silva Adelino S. R. da
Published: November 2022

Many conditions, such as inflammation and physical exercise, can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Toll‐like Receptor 4 (TLR4) can trigger inflammation and ER stress events. However, there are still no data in the literature regarding the role of TLR4 in ER stress during exercise in skeletal muscle. Therefore, the current investigation aimed to verify the responses of ER stress markers in wild‐type (WT) andTlr4global knockout (KO) mice after acute and chronic physical exercise protocols. Eight‐week‐old male WT and KO mice were submitted to acute (moderate or high intensity) and chronic (4‐week protocol) treadmill exercises. Under basal conditions, KO mice showed lower performance in the rotarod test. Acute high‐intensity exercise increased eIF2α protein in the WT group. After the acute high‐intensity exercise, there was an increase inCasp3andDdit3mRNA for the KO mice. Acute moderate exercise increased the cleaved Caspase‐3/Caspase‐3 in the KO group. In response to chronic exercise, the KO group showed no improvement in any performance evaluation. The 4‐week chronic protocol did not generate changes in ATF6, CHOP, p‐IRE1α, p‐eIF2α/eIF2α, and cleaved Caspase‐3/Caspase‐3 ratio but reduced BiP protein compared with the KO‐Sedentary group. These results demonstrate the global deletion ofTlr4seems to have the same effects on UPR markers of WT animals after acute and chronic exercise protocols but decreased performance. The cleaved Caspase‐3/Caspase‐3 ratio may be activated by another pathway other than ER stress inTlr4KO animals.
Ultrathin origami accordion‐like structure of vacancy‐rich graphitized carbon nitride for enhancing CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Jia Guangri , Wang Zhongxu , Gong Ming , Wang Ying , Li Lu Hua , Dong Yilong , Liu Lulu , Zhang Lei , Zhao Jingxiang , Zheng Weitao , Cui Xiaoqiang
Published: November 2022

Retaining the ultrathin structure of two‐dimensional materials is very important for stabilizing their catalytic performances. However, aggregation and restacking are unavoidable, to some extent, due to the van der Waals interlayer interaction of two‐dimensional materials. Here, we address this challenge by preparing an origami accordion structure of ultrathin two‐dimensional graphitized carbon nitride (oa‐C3N4) with rich vacancies. This novel structured oa‐C3N4 shows exceptional photocatalytic activity for the CO2 reduction reaction, which is 8.1 times that of the pristine C3N4. The unique structure not only prevents restacking but also increases light harvesting and the density of vacancy defects, which leads to modification of the electronic structure, regulation of the CO2 adsorption energy, and a decrease in the energy barrier of the carbon dioxide to carboxylic acid intermediate reaction. This study provides a new avenue for the development of stable high‐performance two‐dimensional catalytic materials.
A suggested data structure for transparent and repeatable reporting of bibliographic searching
Authors: Haddaway Neal R. , Rethlefsen Melissa L. , Davies Melinda , Glanville Julie , McGowan Bethany , Nyhan Kate , Young Sarah
Published: November 2022

Academic searching is integral to research activities: (1) searching to retrieve specific information, (2) to expand our knowledge iteratively, (3) and to collate a representative and unbiased selection of the literature. Rigorous searching methods are vital for reliable, repeatable and unbiased searches needed for these second and third forms of searches (exploratory and systematic searching, respectively) that form a core part of evidence syntheses. Despite the broad awareness of the importance of transparency in reporting search activities in evidence syntheses, the importance of searching has been highlighted only recently and has been the explicit focus of reporting guidance (PRISMA‐S). Ensuring bibliographic searches are reported in a way that is transparent enough to allow for full repeatability or evaluation is challenging for a number of reasons. Here, we detail these reasons and provide for the first time a standardised data structure for transparent and comprehensive reporting of search histories. This data structure was produced by a group of international experts in informatics and library sciences. We explain how the data structure was produced and describe its components in detail. We also demonstrate its practical applicability in tools designed to support literature review authors and explain how it can help to improve interoperability across tools used to manage literature reviews. We call on the research community and developers of reference and review management tools to embrace the data structure to facilitate adequate reporting of academic searching in an effort to raise the standard of evidence syntheses globally.
An accurate fake news detection approach based on a Levy flight honey badger optimized convolutional neural network model
Authors: Dixit Dheeraj Kumar , Bhagat Amit , Dangi Dharmendra
Published: November 2022

People can quickly acquire the news through a variety of sources, including websites, blogs, and social media, among others. The spread of fake news has become easier as a result of the availability of these platforms. Anybody with access to these networks generates and distributes fake news for professional or personal gain. Numerous studies relying on supervised and unsupervised learning techniques are available to address the issue of recognizing fake news. All of those studies, though, have one flaw: they all deliver mostly inaccurate or unmatched results. Poor accuracy is attributed to a variety of factors, including imbalanced datasets, inefficient parameter tuning, poor feature selection, and so on. To tackle these issues, we proposed a novel approach for fake news detection. Initially, the data were obtained from the ISOT dataset and data cleaning is performed. After that, preprocessing is done which includes three major steps such as stemming, stop word removal, and tokenization are carried out. Next to preprocessing, various features that involve name entity recognition‐based features are selected during feature extraction. From this, the short dimensionality features are selected with the help of the ensemble modified independent component analysis model. Finally, the hybrid convolutional neural network‐based Levy flight‐based honey badger algorithm detects fake news. The experiments are simulated using python software with various performance metrics such as accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, precision, and F‐scores to validate the performance of the proposed method. The proposed model offers a precision, recall, and accuracy value of 95%, 97%, and 98% when evaluated with the ISOT dataset. When compared to the existing state‐of‐art methods, the proposed method yielded superior detection results and higher accuracy rates.
An optimized adaptive ensemble model with feature selection for network intrusion detection
Authors: Yang Zhongjun , Liu Zhi , Zong Xuejun , Wang Guogang
Published: November 2022

Network intrusion detection system (NIDS) is a key component to identify abnormal behavior of network systems and plays an important role in preventing the occurrence of network attacks. Although a considerable number of machine learning methods have been applied in the field of intrusion detection, it is still a challenge for existing solutions to achieve a good classification performance. The existing traffic datasets generally have redundant and irrelevant features, which hinder classifiers from making more accurate predictions. Furthermore, a single classifier has limited classification performance and may not be able to achieve a better detection performance overall in the face of unbalanced multi‐category traffic data. Therefore, in order to improve the classification performance of intrusion detection models, this paper proposes an adaptive ensemble model by combining feature selection techniques and effective ensemble methods. Firstly, a heuristic feature selection algorithm (NRS‐SSA) is proposed by introducing the neighborhood dependency degree of the neighborhood rough set (NRS) into the salp swarm algorithm (SSA). Then, an improved adaptive weighted voting algorithm is designed. The SSA is introduced to optimize the weight matrix when setting the voting weight. Finally, we use the designed voting algorithm to combine the classification advantages of homogeneous classifiers and heterogeneous classifiers, respectively, and propose an M‐Tree algorithm and an adaptive ensemble model. The experimental results on multiple intrusion detection datasets show that the proposed adaptive ensemble model achieves an advanced detection level.
Dewetting Behavior of Random Copolymer Films Induced by Solvent Vapor Annealing
Authors: Zhang Wang , Wen Gangyao , Li Hongfei
Published: November 2022

In recent years, the dewetting behavior of block copolymer films has been studied a lot, but that of random copolymer films was rarely studied. In this study, effects of film thickness and solvent vapor annealing duration (0 s–24 h) on the dewetting behavior of the spin‐coated poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (SAN) random copolymer films were mainly investigated by atomic force microscopy and contact angle method for the first time. The film thicknesses of the SAN films prepared at different concentrations were characterized by X‐ray reflectometry to be 6–34 nm. With the annealing of acetone vapor, the SAN films first appear holes and then rupture into droplets which fuse and break periodically. The periodic evolutions of the droplets are due to the preferred affinity of acetone molecules with the AN segments and the change of surface energy. This phenomenon is different from the single evolutions in the spin‐coated polystyrene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS‐b‐PMMA) block copolymer films. This illustrates the interactions between AN segments and the substrate are stronger than those between PMMA segments and the substrate in the spin‐coated films.
Inclusion of Transgender and Gender Diverse People in Phase III Trials: Examples from HIV Pharmacologic Prevention Studies
Authors: Cirrincione Lauren R. , Grieve Victoria Luna Brennan , Holloway Jay , Marzinke Mark A.
Published: November 2022

Although at least 25 million adults are transgender worldwide, few phase III clinical trials have enrolled transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people. HIV is the only therapeutic area to include TGD people intentionally in phase III randomized clinical trials during the development of certain newer HIV pharmacologic prevention interventions. Pharmacologic assessments for HIV prevention efficacy in TGD populations are important, as there may be specific considerations for product use and potential interactions with hormone therapies. Herein, we summarize ongoing and completed phase III HIV trials that included TGD people as part of the study population, we examine investigators’ strategies for recruiting and engaging TGD priority populations in these phase III trials, and we comment on the implications of these studies for prioritizing TGD populations in clinical pharmacology research within the phase III clinical trial landscape.
TAEffect: Quantifying interaction risks in trust‐enabled communication systems
Authors: Lu Yunfeng , Fan Xinxin , Jing Quanliang
Published: November 2022

The interactive risks of different devices, serving as clients or servers, have increasingly attracted huge attention in various communication systems, such as wireless sensor networks, wireless communication networks, and mobile crowd‐sensing. At present, lots of countermeasures had been proposed and deployed accordingly. Nevertheless, the investigation on the interaction risks between different devices is still very limited to date. In this paper, we propose a novel adverse effect inference mechanism TAEffect for malicious behaviors of devices emerged in various decentralized and open communication systems/networks through network‐percolation theory. At first, four typical malicious interactional behaviors are mapped into four topologies, then, upon which a network influence‐inspired approach is employed to quantify the adverse effect. Finally, multifacet experiments using five real‐world datasets and a synthetic testbed are performed to validate the efficiency and effectiveness. The experimental results show our proposed approach is significant and rational to quantitatively calculate and qualitatively mirror the four kinds of malicious interactional behaviors in diverse misbehavior‐emerged communication systems.
Community phylogeny and spatial scale affect phylogenetic diversity metrics in a species‐rich rainforest in Borneo
Authors: Okuno Seiya , Yin Tingting , Nanami Satoshi , Matsuyama Shuhei , Kamiya Koichi , Tan Sylvester , Davies Stuart J. , Mohamad Mohizah , Yamakura Takuo , Itoh Akira
Published: November 2022

Community phylogenetic analysis is an effective approach to understanding the process of community formation. The phylogenetic tree of the species pool is reconstructed in the first step, and the phylogenetic tree obtained in the second step is used to analyze phylogenetic diversity. Sythetic trees have often been used in the construction of phylogenentic trees; however, in tropical rainforests with many closely related species, synthetic trees contain many unresolved nodes, which may affect the results of phylogenetic structure analysis. Here, we constructed a phylogenetic tree using DNA barcode sequences (rbcL,matK,trnH‐psbA) for 737 tree species from the rainforests of Borneo, which have a high‐species diversity and many closely related species. The phylogenetic tree had fewer polytomies and more branch length variations than the Phylocom synthetic trees. Comparison of community phylogenetic analyses indicated that values of the standardized effect size of mean pairwise distance (SES–MPD) were highly correlated between Phylocom and DNA barcode trees, but less so for the standardized effect size of mean nearest taxon distance (SES–MNTD), suggesting that caution is needed when using synthetic trees for communities containing many congeneric species, especially when using SES–MNTD. Simulation analysis suggested that spatial dependence on phylogenetic diversity is related to the phylogenetic signal of the species' habitat niche and the spatial structure of habitat, indicating the importance of detailed phylogeny in understanding community assembly processes.
It's raining species: Rainwash eDNA metabarcoding as a minimally invasive method to assess tree canopy invertebrate diversity
Authors: Macher Till‐Hendrik , Schütz Robin , Hörren Thomas , Beermann Arne J. , Leese Florian
Published: November 2022

Forest canopies are highly diverse ecosystems, but despite several decades of intense research, there remain substantial gaps in our knowledge of their biodiversity and ecological interactions. One fundamental challenge in canopy research is the limited accessibility of the ecosystem. Consequently, previous studies have relied on the application of either highly invasive methods such as chemical knockdown, or on time‐consuming and expensive setups such as canopy walkways or cranes. Therefore, time‐ and cost‐efficient, ideally minimally invasive yet comprehensive applications are required to help close this knowledge gap. High‐throughput metabarcoding of environmental DNA (eDNA) collected from water, soil, or air provides a minimally invasive method for biodiversity assessment, yet its potential for canopy biodiversity monitoring has not been explored. Herein, we conducted metabarcoding of eDNA washed off the canopy via rainwater to explore its potential for biodiversity monitoring and ecological research. We placed four 1 m2 rain samplers beneath the canopies of four different trees (beech, oak, larch, and pine) prior to a major rain event, filtered eDNA from the collected rainwater, and performed cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene metabarcoding to profile the invertebrate community. Additionally, we collected and identified all specimens present in the rainwater to assess if eDNA only came from specimens physically present in the rainwater. We detected 50 invertebrate species by eDNA metabarcoding, of which 43 were not physically present in the water sample, thus likely representing true canopy biodiversity signals. Furthermore, we observed distinct species occurrence patterns corresponding to the four trees, suggesting that ecological patterns such as host specificity can potentially be assessed using the method. In conclusion, our study provides a proof of principle that rainwash eDNA metabarcoding offers a minimally invasive and comprehensive method for biodiversity monitoring in tree canopies.
Heart failure in patients with atrial fibrillation: Insights from Polish part of the EORP‐AF general long‐term registry
Authors: Budnik Monika , Gawałko Monika , Lodziński Piotr , Tymińska Agata , Ozierański Krzysztof , Grabowski Marcin , Peller Michał , Wancerz Anna , Kiliszek Marek , Opolski Grzegorz , Lenarczyk Radosław , Kalarus Zbigniew , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Balsam Paweł
Published: November 2022

Aims

This study aimed to determine the impact of heart failure (HF) on clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods and results

We analysed data from Polish participants of the EURObservational Research Programme‐AF General Long‐Term Registry. The primary endpoint was all‐cause death, and the secondary endpoints included hospital readmissions, cardiovascular (CV) interventions, thromboembolic and haemorrhagic events, rhythm control interventions, and other CV or non‐CV diseases development during one‐year follow up. Overall, 688 patients with available data on HF were included into analysis; 51% (n = 351) had HF; of these 48% (n = 168) had reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), 22% (n = 77) mid‐range EF (HFmrEF), and 30% (n = 106) preserved EF (HFpEF). Compared with patients without HF, those with HF had higher mortality rate (aHR 5.61; 95% CI 1.94–16.22, P < 0.01). Patients with HF (vs. without HF) had more often CV interventions (10% vs. 5.4%, P = 0.046) and events (14% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.02), and had less often atrial arrhythmia‐related hospital admissions (6.8% vs. 15%, P < 0.01). Over follow‐up, patients with HFmrEF and HFpEF had similar mortality rate versus HFrEF (aHR 0.45, 95% CI 0.13–1.57, P = 0.45 for HFmrEF and aHR 0.54, 95% CI 0.20–1.48, P = 0.54 for HFpEF). Mortality rate was similar among rhythm versus rate control group (aHR 0.34; 95% CI 0.10–1.16; P = 0.34).

Conclusions

AF patients with HF have greater mortality rate and more CV interventions/events. No statistically significant difference in long‐term outcomes between patients with HFrEF, HFmrEF, and HFpEF highlights the need to develop therapeutic strategies targeting functional status and survival for patients with HF and AF.
Cultural group norms for harmony explain the puzzling negative association between objective status and system justification in Asia
Authors: Owuamalam Chuma Kevin , Tan Chee Meng , Caricati Luca , Rubin Mark , Spears Russell
Published: November 2022

Why do poorer and less educated Asians trust their institutions of governance more than their richer and well educated counterparts, despite their disadvantaged position within society? System justification theory (SJT) assumes that this trust is driven by a system‐level motivation that operates independently from social identity needs. In two nationally representative surveys spanning several years (Ntotal = 221,297), we compared SJT's explanation with a newer social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA): that system justification amongst disadvantaged Asians is driven by a group norm for harmony, especially amongst those who are strongly invested in their national ingroup. The results supported SIMSA more than SJT. Specifically, a strong sense of national identification boosted trust in systems of governance amongst poorer and less‐educated Asians, both when societal norms for harmony (Study 1), and personal endorsement of this norm (Study 2) were strong. Hence, social identity needs help to explain stronger system justification among objectively disadvantaged Asians.
Techno‐economic evaluation of regional CCUS implementation: The STRATEGY CCUS project in the Ebro Basin (Spain)
Authors: Fernández‐Canteli Álvarez Paula , García Crespo Jesús , Martínez Orío Roberto , Mediato Arribas Jose Francisco , Ramos Adriá , Berrezueta Edgar
Published: November 2022

STRATEGY CCUS (Strategic Planning of Regions and Territories in Europe for Low‐Carbon Energy and Industry through CCUS) is a 3‐year project (2019‐2022) funded by the European Commission to support the development of low‐carbon energy and industry in eight regions of Southern and Eastern Europe by 2050. Among the three most promising regions selected was Ebro Basin (Spain) where local development plans (or scenarios) were defined for CO2 capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) technologies implementation based on an industrial cluster approach. Potential regional impact analysis of these CCUS implementation plans was carried out based on the environmental impact assessment, social‐economics factors, social acceptance and in‐depth techno‐economic analysis.

The Ebro Basin region is located at the north‐east (NE) of Spain and was selected based on its level of CO2 industrial emissions, estimated geological storage capacity and well‐defined transport network (pipelines, roads, rail and ports). The base scenario presented was built with the aim of covering the most extensive CO2 network but limited by the storage possibilities in the area. It covers the 15 largest emitters in the region, 3 storage sites and a complete transportation network including trucks, pipelines and ships. An alternative scenario was also proposed considering only those industries where CCUS technologies are already included in their decarbonisation strategy.

The economic analysis of proposed scenarios is presented as an in‐depth set of key performance indicators (KPIs), as cost per tonne of CO2 avoided, allowing an effective comparison of the scenarios, understanding the real potential for CCUS implementation in the area and pointing out key needs for making it possible. © 2022 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The eventuality of diffusiophoresis and chemical reaction in a flow with variable fluid properties through an upright channel
Authors: Kalita Bhrigu K. , Choudhury Rita
Published: November 2022

The quintessence of this article encompasses the effect of diffusiophoresis, chemical reaction, and varying viscosity as well as thermal conductivity on a fully developed dissipative flow through an upright channel. The fluid is electrically conducting undergoing mixed convection. The governing equations, after transfiguring into dimensionless formation, are solved through a numerical procedure for boundary value problems incorporating MATLAB solver. Imperative scrutiny is made to visualize associative impacts of flow parameters, namely, magnetic parameter, the Brinkmann number, the Schmidt number, variable viscosity parameter, variable thermal conductivity parameter, chemical reaction parameter, diffusiophoretic parameter, and particle diffusion parameter, on the flow. The velocity field, the temperature field, the solute concentration field, the particle concentration field, the skin friction, the Nusselt number, the Sherwood number, and the particle concentration gradient are assessed in view of alteration of the aforesaid parameters with the help of visual illustrations in graphical form and tabular form. Solute mass transposition and colloidal particle locomotion are the fresh inclusions to the scrutiny of upright channel flow in light of solving scheme of bvp4c. Chemical reaction engulfs both solute and particle concentration. Growing viscosity hinders the fluid velocity and heats up the flow encouraging interlayer friction.
MHD convective rotating flow of viscoelastic fluid past an infinite vertical oscillating porous plate with Hall effects
Authors: Raju G. , Hari Babu B. , Rama Mohan Reddy L. , Varma S. V. K.
Published: November 2022

It is considered the unsteady and incompressible magnetohydrodynamic rotating free convection flow of viscoelastic fluid with simultaneous heat and mass transfer near an infinite vertical oscillating porous plate under the influence of uniform transverse magnetic field and taking Hall current into account. The governing equations of the flow field are then solved by a regular perturbation method for a small elastic parameter. The expressions for the velocity, temperature, and concentration have been derived analytically and also its behavior is computationally discussed with reference to different flow parameters with the help of graphs. The skin friction on the boundary, the heat flux in terms of the Nusselt number, and the rate of mass transfer in terms of the Sherwood number are also obtained and their behavior discussed. The resultant velocity enhances with increasing Hall parameter and rotation parameter. The reversal behavior is observed with increasing viscoelastic parameters. The resultant velocity enhances and experiences retardation in the flow field with increasing radiation parameters, whereas the secondary velocity component increases with increasing rotation parameters. The temperature diminishes as the Prandtl number and/or the frequency of oscillations. The concentration reduces at all points of the flow field with the increase in the Schmidt number.
On the wisdom and utility of (under)sociality: A consumer psychology perspective
Authors: Silver Ike , Small Deborah A.
Published: November 2022

Kumar and Epley (2023) review robust evidence for an intriguing hypothesis: That people fail to appreciate the benefits of everyday social behaviors and thus hesitate to connect with others in ways that would increase well‐being. In this commentary, we discuss how consumer research can enrich theory and application in this emerging line of inquiry. We suggest (a) that the hedonic implications of undersociality can be integrated with reputational signaling insights to generate new questions about the wisdom and utility of social behavior, and (b) that undersociality has interesting implications for a consumption domain of particular interest to maximizing welfare: charitable giving.
The Predictive Value of Myocardial Native T1 Mapping Radiomics in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Study in a Chinese Population
Authors: Zhang Jian , Xu Yuanwei , Li Weihao , Zhang Chao , Liu Wentao , Li Dong , Chen Yucheng
Published: November 2022

Background

Investigation of the factors influencing dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) prognosis is important as it could facilitate risk stratification and guide clinical decision‐making.

Purpose

To assess the prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics analysis of native T1 mapping in DCM.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Three hundred and thirty consecutive patients with non‐ischemic DCM (mean age 48.42 ± 14.20 years, 247 males).

Field Strength/Sequence

Balanced steady‐state free precession and modified Look‐Locker inversion recovery T1 mapping sequences at 3 T.

Assessment

Clinical characteristics, conventional MRI parameters (ventricular volumes, function, and mass), native myocardial T1, and radiomics features extracted from native T1 mapping were obtained. The study endpoint was defined as all‐cause mortality or heart transplantation. Models were developed based on 1) clinical data; 2) radiomics data based on T1 mapping; 3) clinical and conventional MRI data; 4) clinical, conventional MRI, and native T1 data; and 5) clinical, conventional MRI, and radiomics T1 mapping data. Each prediction model was trained according to follow‐up results with AdaBoost, random forest, and logistic regression classifiers.

Statistical Tests

The predictive performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and F1 score by 5‐fold cross‐validation.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 53.5 months (interquartile range, 41.6–69.5 months), 77 patients with DCM experienced all‐cause mortality or heart transplantation. The random forest model based on radiomics combined with clinical and conventional MRI parameters achieved the best performance, with AUC and F1 score of 0.95 and 0.89, respectively.

Data Conclusion

A machine‐learning framework based on radiomics analysis of T1 mapping prognosis prediction in DCM.

Level of Evidence

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Screening and identification of 3‐aryl‐quinolin‐2‐one derivatives as antiviral agents against influenza A
Authors: Cheng Huimin , Fu Liangbing , Yang Xia , Yang Yujian , Zhang Zhening , Tao Yuan , Wan Junting , Tu Zhengchao , Chen Jianxin , Li Yingjun
Published: November 2022

Quinolin‐2‐one represents an important and valuable chemical motif that possesses a wide variety of biological activities; however, the anti‐influenza activities of quinolin‐2‐one‐containing compounds were rarely reported. Herein, we describe the screening and identification of 3‐aryl‐quinolin‐2‐one derivatives as a novel class of antiviral agents. The 3‐aryl‐quinolinone derivatives were synthesized via an efficient copper‐catalyzed reaction cascade that we previously developed. Using this synthetic method, preliminary structure–activity relationships of this scaffold against the influenza A virus infection were systematically explored. The most potent compound 34 displayed IC50 values of 2.14 and 4.88 μM against the replication of H3N2 (A/HK/8/68) and H1N1 (A/WSN/33) strains, respectively, without apparent cytotoxicity on MDCK cells. We further demonstrated that 27 and 34 potently inhibited the plaque formation of the IAV, rendering this scaffold attractive for pursuing novel anti‐influenza agents.
Concomitant diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections and human monkeypox in patients attending a sexual health clinic in Milan, Italy
Authors: Rizzo Alberto , Pozza Giacomo , Salari Federica , Giacomelli Andrea , Mileto Davide , Cossu Maria Vittoria , Mancon Alessandro , Gagliardi Gloria , Micol Bianchi , Micheli Valeria , Capetti Amedeo , Antinori Spinello , Gismondo Maria Rita , Olivieri Pietro , Lombardi Alessandra
Published: November 2022

In 2022, many monkeypox (MPX) outbreaks have been documented in countries where MPX was not endemic. It spread all around the world, especially in European Union and United States. While MPX is classically considered to be transmitted through close contact with lesions, the hypothesis of sexual transmission has been proposed. This study considered a total of 49 patients suspected for MPX that were also tested for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Trichomonas vaginalis.

The data from coinfected patients suggested that MPXV and STIs might share the same route of inoculum, corroborating the hypothesis of possible sexual transmission for the emerging poxvirus. And like any other STI, MPX should be considered without stigmatization.
Physical Models from Physical Templates Using Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomers as Morphologically Programmable Inks For 3D Printing
Authors: Prévôt Marianne E. , Ustunel Senay , Freychet Guillaume , Webb Caitlyn R. , Zhernenkov Mikhail , Pindak Ron , Clements Robert J. , Hegmann Elda
Published: November 2022

Advanced manufacturing has received considerable attention as a tool for the fabrication of cell scaffolds however, finding ideal biocompatible and biodegradable materials that fit the correct parameters for 3D printing and guide cells to align remain a challenge. Herein, a photocrosslinkable smectic‐A (Sm‐A) liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) designed for 3D printing is presented, that promotes cell proliferation but most importantly induces cell anisotropy. The LCE‐based bio‐ink allows the 3D duplication of a highly complex brain structure generated from an animal model. Vascular tissue models are generated from fluorescently stained mouse tissue spatially imaged using confocal microscopy and subsequently processed to create a digital 3D model suitable for printing. The 3D structure is reproduced using a Digital Light Processing (DLP) stereolithography (SLA) desktop 3D printer. Synchrotron Small‐Angle X‐ray Diffraction (SAXD) data reveal a strong alignment of the LCE layering within the struts of the printed 3D scaffold. The resultant anisotropy of the LCE struts is then shown to direct cell growth. This study offers a simple approach to produce model tissues built within hours that promote cellular alignment.
Cyanate Ester Polymerization: Overview of Mechanistic and Kinetic Aspects
Authors: Galukhin Andrey , Vyazovkin Sergey
Published: November 2022

This article reviews both time‐honored and most recent studies of the mechanisms and kinetics of cyanate esters polymerization. Different types of processes, including catalytic, non‐catalytic, bulk, solution, and nanoconfined ones are covered. The mechanistic and empirical models suitable for describing the kinetic and diffusion regimes of polymerization are discussed at length. Recent advances in methodology of the analysis of multistep polymerization reactions by means of model‐fitting and isoconversional techniques are considered as applied to cyanate esters. The importance of the calorimetric measurements in polymerization studies is emphasized.
Exploring the price anchoring effect in mobile commerce: An experimental study
Authors: Lin Hsin‐Hui , Chen Pin‐Han , Wu Chih‐Lun
Published: November 2022

This study explores the influence of external reference price and store brand awareness on consumers' internal reference price, transaction utility, purchase intention, and search intention in mobile commerce. A 3 × 2 two‐factor experimental design for both utilitarian and hedonic products was adopted to collect the sample data. A total of 189 valid responses were analyzed using a MANOVA approach. The results indicate that for the utilitarian product context, external reference price affects consumers' internal reference price, transaction utility, and purchase intention but does not affect search intention and that store brand awareness affects consumers' internal reference price, transaction utility, purchase intention, and search intention. Further, store brand awareness has a moderating effect on the relationship between external reference price and internal reference price. For the hedonic product context, external reference price affects consumers' internal reference price and transaction utility but does not affect purchase intention or search intention, while store brand awareness affects consumers' internal reference price, transaction utility, purchase intention, and search intention. Also, store brand awareness has a moderating effect on the relationship between external reference price and search intention. These findings provide several important theoretical and practical implications for mobile commerce pricing decisions.
The dual role of state shareholders in disclosed corporate misconduct: Evidence from China
Authors: Hu Chenhao
Published: November 2022

By adopting a legitimacy perspective rooted in institutional theory, this study investigates the dual role of state ownership in corporate misconduct in emerging economies: monitoring role constraining misconduct commission and patronage role leading to less disclosure. Using a sample of listed firms in China, we find a negative relationship between state ownership and corporate misconduct. Furthermore, the negative effect of state ownership on misconduct will be stronger when the firm affiliation is high and the firm has politically connected executives. The impact will be weaker when the number of local listed firms is greater and the regional inspection is intense.
Evaluation of rs1748195 ANGPTL3 gene polymorphism in patients with angiographic coronary artery disease compared to healthy individuals
Authors: Afkhami Nafise , Aghasizadeh Malihe , Ghiasi Hafezi Somayeh , Zare‐Feyzabadi Reza , Saffar Soflaei Sara , Rashidmayvan Mohammad , Rastegarmoghadam–Ebrahimian Arezoo , Khanizadeh Khashayar , Safari Nilufar , Ferns Gordon A. , Esmaily Habibollah , Darban Reza Assaran , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid
Published: November 2022

Subject

The Angiopoietin‐like 3 (ANGPTL3) gene has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular risk. This study is designed to compare the genetic variant (rs1748195) of the ANGPTL3 gene and the presence of a coronary artery occlusion of >50% in Iranian nation.

Method

In this study, 184 patients underwent angiography and 317 healthy individuals were evaluated for polymorphism of rs1748195 the ANGPTL3 gene using Tetra‐ARMs PCR. Coronary patients who experience angiography were categorized into two groups: 54 patients who had an angiography indication for the first time and coronary occlusion was <50% (Angio−) and 134 patients who formerly underwent coronary stent implanting at least 1 month before with coronary occlusion of ≥50% that again have an angiography indication (Angio+).

In addition, individuals with angio+ are categorized in two groups: (1) non‐in‐stent restenosis (NISR); patient with a patent stent (N = 92). (2) in‐stent restenosis (ISR); in‐stent stenosis >50% (N = 42).

Result

The fundamental of characteristics of our study design population was categorized based on undergoing angiography or not. In the present study, we investigated that the CC genotype, and also the A allele corresponding to rs1748195 at the ANGPTL3 gene loci, was associated with negative angiogram and directly related to the risk of coronary occlusion >50%. In contrast, this result was not significant in genotypes of ANGPTL3 between non‐ISR and ISR groups.

Conclusion

The outcomes of this study showed that rs1748195 polymorphism at the ANGPTL3 gene loci is associated with an elevated risk for the existence of a coronary occlusion of >50%.
The Dietary Isothiocyanate Erucin Reduces Kidney Cell Motility by Disturbing Tubulin Polymerization
Authors: Guerreiro Íris , Vidovic Bojana , Costa João G. , Martins Marta , Ferreira Sandra , Oliveira Nuno G. , Saraiva Nuno , Fernandes Ana S.
Published: November 2022

Scope

Epidemiological evidence associates the consumption of cruciferous vegetables with reduced risk of several cancers, including renal cell carcinoma. Erucin can be generated by in vivo reduction of sulforaphane or by enzymatic hydrolysis of glucoerucin. Contrarily to sulforaphane, only limited studies have addressed the anticancer properties of erucin. This study aims at evaluating the impact of erucin on renal cell biology.

Methods and Results

The effects of erucin were assessed in 786‐O and Vero‐E6 cells, representative of human renal cancer and non‐ cancer kidney cells, respectively. Erucin induced a concentration‐dependent decrease in cell viability and cell cycle arrest at G2/Mitosis. In Vero‐E6 cells erucin modestly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels while in 786‐O no effects were detected. After erucin treatment, both cell lines revealed altered morphology, with a concentration‐dependent change from an elongated shape towards a smaller round conformation. Moreover, erucin affected cell adhesion and strongly altered the tubulin network structure and specifically microtubule polymerization. These results are in line with the observed decrease in collective and single cell migration and G2/Mitosis arrest.

Conclusions

Overall, erucin may have a beneficial impact in reducing the motility of renal cancer cells. Our results contribute to explore possible dietary approaches for secondary/tertiary renal cancer chemoprevention.
Learning CT projection denoising from adjacent views
Authors: Hong Zixuan , Zeng Dong , Tao Xi , Ma Jianhua
Published: November 2022

Background

Many learning‐based low‐dose (LD) computed tomography (CT) imaging methods require large paired full‐ and low‐dose datasets for training, which are usually unavailable in clinic. Whereas models trained on simulated data often face the generalization problem on real clinical data.

Purpose

To develop an unsupervised learning technique to acquire clean CT projection from its adjacent LD projections.

Methods

Given a sequential LD projection set, the method extracts out the middle projection as the target and treats the rest ones as the input. The model is trained with the mean absolute error with proposed inter‐view gradient constraint term, which helps to suppress outliers and preserve edges in the denoised projection. The simulated low‐dose CT grand challenge dataset and a real physical torso phantom dataset were employed for experiment. The peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) were calculated for quantitative evaluation.

Results

In experiments with both the simulated and real datasets, visual comparisons reveal that the proposed method obtained images superior to unsupervised and supervised methods working in both image and projection domain. For numerical comparison, our method obtains larger SSIMs than other unsupervised methods at quarter and eighth dose levels. As for PSNR, our method obtains larger value at eighth dose whereas smaller value at quarter dose. The supervised models obtain better numerical results than all unsupervised models on simulated datasets.

Conclusion

The proposed method can reduce the noise in CT projections effectively, making it an attractive tool for practical LDCT pre‐processing.
Effect of temperature on the tribological properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene/Kevlar fabric/phenolic composites
Authors: Li Jialun , Liu Jian , Li Weibo , Peng Shuaihao , Du Sanming , Zhang Yongzhen
Published: November 2022

The Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/Kevlar fabric/phenolic composites have been widely used as self‐lubricating materials owing to their excellent properties. In this study, the tribological properties of PTFE/Kevlar fabric composites under different temperatures (25–150°C) were studied showing the lowest wear rate and friction coefficient at 75°C. The effect of temperature on wear behavior of fabric/phenolic composites was revealed through the analysis of friction surfaces, wear debris, and transfer films. To be specific, the improvement of tribological properties occur in a temperature range of 25–75°C being predominantly caused by the abrasive wear, whereas in the range of 75–150°C, the tribological properties decreased because of the adhesive wear. According to this phenomenon, the friction and wear test of the fabric composite after pre‐grinding at 75°C shows a great improvement of coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate about 30%. The study of the wear behavior at different temperatures is important for the application and properties improvement of self‐lubricated composites.