bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential analyses for RNA-seq: transcript-level estimates improve gene-level inferences
Authors: Soneson Charlotte , Love Michael I. , Robinson Mark D.
Published: February 2016

High-throughput sequencing of cDNA (RNA-seq) is used extensively to characterize the transcriptome of cells. Many transcriptomic studies aim at comparing either abundance levels or the transcriptome composition between given conditions, and as a first step, the sequencing reads must be used as the basis for abundance quantification of transcriptomic features of interest, such as genes or transcripts. Various quantification approaches have been proposed, ranging from simple counting of reads that overlap given genomic regions to more complex estimation of underlying transcript abundances. In this paper, we show that gene-level abundance estimates and statistical inference offer advantages over transcript-level analyses, in terms of performance and interpretability. We also illustrate that the presence of differential isoform usage can lead to inflated false discovery rates in differential gene expression analyses on simple count matrices but that this can be addressed by incorporating offsets derived from transcript-level abundance estimates. We also show that the problem is relatively minor in several real data sets. Finally, we provide an R package (tximport) to help users integrate transcript-level abundance estimates from common quantification pipelines into count-based statistical inference engines.
Social and cultural determinants of self-realization in today’s service
Authors: Шекелета Владислав , Shekeleta Vladislav , Ивахнов Василий , Ivakhnov Vasiliy , Герасимова Ирина , Gerasimova Irina
Published: February 2016

In article through the prism of social and cultural approaches to human personality and human activities, authors examine the nature of self-realization of the individual. The authors defend an original theory of the determinationproducing abilities cultural derivatives. On the other hand, the person, as shown in the article is the major determinant of the productive forces of society. The authors of the article rehabilitate in a certain sense the Marxist approach to the relation of individual and society, where the ability of the human is the product of work alienated from the worker; this product can be considered in the context of the categories of “service”, “product of social production” and so on. The article shows the conjugation of the three spectrums of solving the problems of human abilities; they are using the methodology of socio-cultural approach, using the perspective of philosophical anthropology, in the categorical field of psychological discourse. It’s provided by a person who acts simultaneously as an object and as a subject of social relationships, as a result, active life position, a certain strategy of behavior, a tendency to a kind of unique activities have great value towards socialization. The importance of such consideration is connected, on the one hand, with the need of “translating” philosophical problems of psychology and management in the modern language services sector, on the other hand with need to determine conditions for self-realization, and other spiritual factors of human existence in the modern capitalist production. Following consideration of the accompanying considered problem issues (psychological culture, professional development, optimization services and others.); the authors conclude that the social and cultural determination of personality self-actualization creates a dynamic variety of life strategies prejudicing a persons’ ability to realize adequately them in the market in the post-capitalist socio-economic formation.
Methodological issues of evaluation and rating for the development of rural tourism
Authors: Трухачев Александр , Trukhachev Aleksandr
Published: February 2016

To date, there are developed methodological tools for the training of managerial decisions on development of rural tourism at both the Federal and regional levels. Existing estimates of the development of rural tourism, definition and characteristics of its potential contribution to the development of tourism in General, predictive estimates have mainly an expert nature. At the same time, scientific and methodological justification of the choice of the leading regions for the development of rural tourism are poorly developed. In the present article the author examines the methodological issues of evaluation and rating of territories for the development of rural tourism. The results can be used by entrepreneurs and regional tourist administrations with the justification of decisions in tourism specialization areas, as well as tourism zoning and division into districts in general. The author picks out three methodological stages: assessing potential for development of rural tourism, definition of priority species and subspecies of rural tourism, identification of priority areas for the development of rural tourism.
The project «national center of restoration of musical instruments» in the context of preservation of material heritage of musical culture
Authors: Брызгалов Михаил , Bryzgalov Mikhail , Жилкова Юлия , Zhilkova Yuliya
Published: February 2016

The article discusses the functioning of organizations and the increasing social and economic significance of the

results of activity of economic entities in the sphere of culture. In this case, the orientation of the management

of cultural institutions is in the direction of higher levels of economic activity, utility and profitability. In this

regard, there is the question about the effectiveness of the institutions of culture not only in economic but also

in social sphere. The need for the implementation of the project “national centre of restoration of musical

instruments” as a scientific-educational center is proved by the fact that the budgetary allocation for its creation

and development will support the unique mission of the center for the broadcast world tradition of preserving

material heritage of musical culture. On the other hand, it will contribute to a social result, which is expressed

in the effectiveness of the protection events of the musical objects of cultural heritage. A separate issue is the

preservation of cultural heritage, including tangible objects and music culture through a series of government

support measures. However, in recent years, there is a tendency to stagnation in the share of expenditure on

culture. The article presents the planned expenditures of the budgetary system, which is planned spending on

culture be left at 0.5% of GDP. On the other hand, financing of applied scientific research in the field of culture

has increased. This decision is connected with the growing social and economic significance of the results of

activity of economic entities in the sphere of culture in the direction of higher levels of economic activity, utility

and profitability. The feasibility of the implementation of the project “national centre of restoration of musical

instruments” as a scientific-educational center is to broadcast the world’s traditions of preservation of material

heritage of musical culture and assist in attracting private investment in projects and activities for restoration

and examination of objects of musical culture.
‘We have this day, expell’d our Men the Stage’: Dating the Prologue and Epilogue of The Parson’s Wedding
Authors: Miyoshi Riki
Published: February 2016

Scholars of Restoration theatre have given contradictory accounts as to which all-female production of Thomas Killigrew’s The Parson’s Wedding the existing prologue and epilogue belong to. This note argues that out of the two productions in the Restoration period – the first of which took place in October 1664 and the second in June 1672 – the surviving prologue and epilogue were most likely written for the second production. Combining evidence gathered from historical records as well as from textual analysis, this note is the first study to comprehensively investigate this conundrum.    
A Performance Studies Approach to The Tragedy of Mariam
Authors: McCutcheon Rebecca
Published: February 2016

This essay offers insights from workshops exploring Elizabeth Cary’s The Tragedy of Mariam in a range of contrasting sites. The Tragedy of Mariam has a slender performance history, a fact which arguably presents barriers to production and reception in traditional theatre settings. This lack of practice-based understanding makes future performance less likely, and consequently limits appreciations of the play. The workshops in four sites documented here create new lenses through which to view Mariam. By taking a performance studies approach, valuing what Carol Chillington Rutter terms the excess of meaning generated through performance of play-texts, this article aims to contribute performance and practitioner insights to the current Cary discourse.
Inducing Environmental Disclosures: A Dynamic Mechanism Design Approach
Authors: Wang Shouqiang , Sun Peng , de Véricourt Francis
Published: February 2016

This paper studies the design of voluntary disclosure regulations for a firm that faces a stochastic environmental hazard. The occurrence of such a hazard is known only to the firm. The regulator, if finding a hazard, collects a fine and mandates the firm to perform costly remediation that reduces the environmental damage. The regulator may inspect the firm at any time to uncover the hazard. However, because inspections are costly, the regulator also offers a reward to the firm for voluntarily disclosing the hazard. The reward corresponds to either a subsidy or a reduced fine, depending on whether it is positive or negative. Thus, the regulator needs to dynamically determine the reward and inspection policy that minimizes expected societal cost in the long run. We model this problem as a dynamic adverse selection problem with costly state verification in continuous time. Despite the complexity and generality of this setup, we show that the optimal regulation policy follows a very simple cyclic structure, which we fully characterize in closed form. Specifically, the regulator runs scheduled inspections periodically. After each inspection, the reward level decreases over time until a subsequent inspection takes place. If a hazard is not revealed, the reward level is reset to a high level, restarting the cycle. In contrast to the reward level, the mandated remediation level is constant over time. Nonetheless, when subsidies are not allowed in the industry, we show that the regulator should dynamically adjust this remediation level, which then acts as a substitute for a subsidy. Our analysis further reveals that optimal inspection frequency increases not only when the inspection accuracy decreases, but also when the penalty for not disclosing the hazard increases.
The Interplay of Reflective and Experimental Spaces in Interrupting and Reorienting Routine Dynamics
Authors: Bucher Silke , Langley Ann
Published: February 2016

When organization members strive to radically change routines, they face a puzzle: How can they bring about change in performances when these are guided by pre-existing ideas on how to perform the routine, that are themselves recursively reproduced? Drawing on insights from longitudinal case studies of two initiatives to change patient processes in hospitals, this paper suggests that two types of “spaces”—bounded social settings characterized by social, physical, temporal, and symbolic boundaries—are important mechanisms through which actors engage in deliberate efforts to alter both performances (performative aspect) and abstract understandings (ostensive aspect) of a given routine. Specifically, whereas reflective spaces are set apart by social, physical, and temporal boundaries and involve interactions that are geared toward developing novel conceptualizations of a routine, experimental spaces enable the integration of new actions into routine performances by locating them within the original routine, while establishing symbolic and temporal boundaries that signal the provisional and localized nature of experimental performances. As both types of spaces contribute to achieving change in complementary ways, they need to be enacted iteratively in relation to each other. The study offers a model of intentional routine change that articulates the role of spaces in interrupting and reorienting their recursive dynamics.
Funding for SEN reforms welcome
Authors: Batten Amanda , Donaldson Courteney , Reitemeier Bob
Published: February 2016

MA Education Ltd, St Jude's Church, Dulwich Road, London, SE24 0PB. neil.henty@markallengroup.com
Time to work together
Authors: Lee Maureen , Matthews Sandra , Fielden Deborah
Published: February 2016

In the latest instalment of her series on effective leadership and management practice, Maureen Lee invites Deborah Fielden and Sandra Matthews to share their approaches to early years collaboration.
Mountains, moose, ice
Authors: Sabine Alex , Lutas Jo
Published: February 2016

Introducing children to forest school activities has many benefits, but to truly understand its power, it is necessary to travel abroad and gain broader experiences, such as those provided in Friluftsbarnehages.
Time to address holiday childcare
Authors: Redmond Imelda
Published: February 2016

With many working parents finding that out-of-school-hours provision is an obstacle to finding work, it is time we found a joined up-solution to tackle the age-old shortage of holiday childcare.
Closing the gap at a premium
Authors: Merrick Beatrice
Published: February 2016

Next month, will be the first anniversary of the introduction of Early Years Pupil Premium, funding designed to help settings reduce the attainment gap. So what have we learned from this first year?
Get active for Sport Relief
Authors: Clarke Jo
Published: February 2016

With Sport Relief just around the corner on Friday 18th March, there is still plenty of time to plan some fundraising fun! Jo Clarke, school engagement coordinator at Comic Relief, offers suggestions.
Fossils and old bones
Authors: Sargent Marianne
Published: February 2016

In this third extract from Planning for Learning through Dinosaurs, we use rock-bound remains as inspiration for a range of activities linked to all areas of learning in the Early Years Foundation Stage.
Studies on Sinapine Removal in Surface-Active Substances Extracted from Defatted Rapeseed Cake
Authors: Lee Eui-Seok , Kim San-Seong , Shin Jung-Ah , Chun Jin-Hyuk , Kim Sun-Ju , Lee Ki-Teak , Hong Soon-Taek
Published: February 2016

In this study, the process of sinapine removal from surface-active substances extracted from defatted rapeseed cake was established by using a mixed organic solvent system (diethylether:ethyl acetate = 1:1, v/v). The emulsifying properties of the purified surface-active substances were investigated. Thin layer chromatogram showed that sinapine was removed and purified surface-active substances were found to have better emulsifying properties compared to a non-purified one or commercial soy lecithin. As for interfacial tension data, purified surface-active substances showed values lower (10-1 wt%: 3.20±0.57 mN/m) than the non-purified ones (10-1 wt%: 14.16±0.27 mN/m). In addition, we found that fat globule size in emulsions with purified surface-active substances was much smaller than in emulsions with non-purified substances or commercial soy lecithin. These results could be attributable to the increased amount of phospholipids in purified substances following sinapine-removal.
Preparation of Sun-dried Salt Containing GABA by Co-crystallization of Fermentation Broth and Deep Sea Water
Authors: Choi Bu-Young , Cho Seok-Cheol
Published: February 2016

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)-containing salt was prepared by crystallization of a mixture of salt water from deep sea and fermentation broth by lactic acid bacteria that contained GABA converted from glutamic acid. Salt from deep sea water has a lower sodium content but higher calcium, potassium and magnesium contents than commercial salt. Instead of monosodium glutamate (MSG), glutamic acid was used for solving the residual MSG problem. Fermentation by a lactic acid bacterium converted 90% of added glutamic acid (5%, w/v) to GABA, and continuous production of colorless fermentation broth containing more than 3% (w/v) GABA was achieved by using an activated carbon. Mixtures of salt water and fermentation broths with various GABA concentrations were co-crystallized and the GABA content was analyzed. This analysis showed that more than 90% of GABA from broth was adsorbed to salt. The appearance and surface of this prepared GABA-containing salt were examined with an image analyzer and scanning electron microscope. No difference was found with commercial sun-dried salt and no separated particles were detected, which indicates that the co-crystallization process used is suitable for the production of GABAcontaining salt.
Emergency readmissions to paediatric surgery and urology: The impact of inappropriate coding
Authors: Peeraully R , Henderson K , Davies B
Published: February 2016

Introduction

In England, emergency readmissions within 30 days of hospital discharge after an elective admission are not reimbursed if they do not meet Payment by Results (PbR) exclusion criteria. However, coding errors could inappropriately penalise hospitals. We aimed to assess the accuracy of coding for emergency readmissions.

Methods

Emergency readmissions attributed to paediatric surgery and urology between September 2012 and August 2014 to our tertiary referral centre were retrospectively reviewed. Payment by Results (PbR) coding data were obtained from the hospital’s Family Health Directorate. Clinical details were obtained from contemporaneous records. All readmissions were categorised as appropriately coded (postoperative or nonoperative) or inappropriately coded (planned surgical readmission, unrelated surgical admission, unrelated medical admission or coding error).

Results

Over the 24-month period, 241 patients were coded as 30-day readmissions, with 143 (59%) meeting the PbR exclusion criteria. Of the remaining 98 (41%) patients, 24 (25%) were inappropriately coded as emergency readmissions. These readmissions resulted in 352 extra bed days, of which 117 (33%) were attributable to inappropriately coded cases.

Conclusions

One-quarter of non-excluded emergency readmissions were inappropriately coded, accounting for one-third of additional bed days. As a stay on a paediatric ward costs up to £500 a day, the potential cost to our institution due to inappropriate readmission coding was over £50,000. Diagnoses and the reason for admission for each care episode should be accurately documented and coded, and readmission data should be reviewed at a senior clinician level.
An audit of consent for allograft use in elective orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Mullan CJ , Pagoti R , Davison H , McAlinden MG
Published: February 2016

Introduction

Patients receiving musculoskeletal allografts may be at risk of postoperative infection. The General Medical Council guidelines on consent highlight the importance of providing patients with the information they want or need on any proposed investigation or treatment, including any potential adverse outcomes. With the increased cost of defending medicolegal claims, it is paramount that adequate, clear informed patient consent be documented.

Methods

We retrospectively examined the patterns of informed consent for allograft bone use during elective orthopaedic procedures in a large unit with an onsite bone bank. The initial audit included patients operated over the course of 1 year. Following a feedback session, a re-audit was performed to identify improvements in practice.

Results

The case mix of both studies was very similar. Revision hip arthroplasty surgery constituted the major subgroup requiring allograft (48%), followed by foot and ankle surgery (16.3%) and revision knee arthroplasty surgery (11.4%) .On the initial audit, 17/45 cases (38%) had either adequate preoperative documentation of the outpatient discussion or an appropriately completed consent form on the planned use of allograft. On the re-audit, 44/78 cases (56%) had adequate pre-operative documentation. There was little correlation between how frequently a surgeon used allograft and the adequacy of consent (Correlation coefficient -0.12).

Conclusions

Although the risk of disease transmission with allograft may be variable, informed consent for allograft should be a routine part of preoperative discussions in elective orthopaedic surgery. Regular audit and feedback sessions may further improve consent documentation, alongside the targeting of high volume/low compliance surgeons.
FORMATION CONTROL OF MULTIPLE UNICYCLE-TYPE ROBOTS USING LIE GROUP
Authors: Dong Youwei , Rahmani Ahmed
Published: February 2016

In this paper the formation control of a multi-robots system is investigated. The proposed control law, based on Lie group theory, is applied to control the formation of a group of unicycle-type robots. The communication topology is supposed to be a rooted directed acyclic graph and fixed. Some numerical simulations using Matlab are made to validate our results.
HYBRID REASONING FOR MULTI-ROBOT DRILL PLANNING IN OPEN-PIT MINES
Authors: Mansouri Masoumeh , Andreasson Henrik , Pecora Federico
Published: February 2016

Fleet automation often involves solving several strongly correlated sub-problems, including task allocation, motion planning, and coordination. Solutions need to account for very specific, domaindependent constraints. In addition, several aspects of the overall fleet management problem become known only online. We propose a method for solving the fleet-management problem grounded on a heuristically-guided search in the space of mutually feasible solutions to sub-problems. We focus on a mining application which requires online contingency handling and accommodating many domainspecific constraints. As contingencies occur, efficient reasoning is performed to adjust the plan online for the entire fleet.
Por uma leitura topológica das políticas curriculares
Authors: Macedo Elizabeth
Published: February 2016

O texto é construído em torno de dois desejos que me aproximaram ao longo dos anos da obra de Stephen Ball — de entender a política como significação parcial em formações históricas e culturais específicas e de conceber os agentes políticos para além da determinação estrutural. A partir do diálogo entre a noção de rede das obras mais recentes de Ball e a teoria do discurso como formulada por Ernesto Laclau e Chantal Mouffe,  argumento em favor de uma análise topológica da política. Defendo-a como forma de melhor compreender tanto as conexões entre os nominados “contextos de política” quanto as relações entre a estrutura social [topológica] e os agentes políticos. Ainda que meu foco aqui sejam os diálogos teóricos com os quais venho operando, utilizo fragmentos de minhas  pesquisas sobre a centralização curricular nas recentes políticas no Brasil como indícios que me ajudam a produzir meu argumento.
Interview with Stephen J. Ball: Analysing his contribution to education policy research
Authors: Avelar Marina
Published: February 2016

This interview aims to explore Stephen J. Ball’s main contributions to the research field of education policy, while discussing the potentialities for researchers in different contexts of using his work, especially in Latin American countries. So firstly, we consider Ball’s epistemological position, to then explore some of his main concepts and tools. This is followed by a discussion about the possibilities and limitations of transposing Ball's analytical tools and using his work in countries other than England. We then examine the limitations of the nation state as a framework in current education policy research. In doing so, we analyze some implications for education policy research of what Ball calls global education policy networks, which includes the work of new actors from business and philanthropy in education. Winding up, we consider the importance of research context in education policy research, to then finish with brief comments about education in Latin America.
Examination of Routine Activities Theory by the property crime
Authors: Argun Uğur , Dağlar Murat
Published: February 2016

The studies on crime prevention, causes of crime and the theories associated with it are very essential topics in criminology. Routine Activities Theory (RAT) is also the basis for the many criminological theories. Although it has some shortcomings it is very usual that the theorists and practitioners on crime prevention can benefit from such a strong theory. This study explains the applicability of Routine Activities Theory in prevention and reducing of property crimes in the context of some parameters related to burglary and auto theft incidents in US. The study aims to give some information of the routine activity theory and investigate its relationship with prevention of property crimes. The results of study suggest that Routine Activity Theory may be used as a useful tool by crime reduction or prevention practitioners to evaluate crime problems and also take routine precautions and measures that reduce crime opportunities in people’s daily activities.
Cover
Authors: Cover Front and Back
Published: February 2016

Flowing City Map of Cairo, by Istvan. See Visual Fields on for more details and images of other cities.
Assessment of an Impact of Mechanical Regulation on Selected Morphometric and Productive Parameters of Invasive Species Solidago Canadensis Population in Agricultural Land
Authors: Končeková Lýdia , Zahradníková Eva , Pintér Eduard , Halmová Daniela
Published: February 2016

Repeated mowing is considered as one of the effective control methods against species of the genus Solidago. This paper evaluates the impact of the repeated mowing on selected morphometric and productive characteristics of the invasive neophyte Solidago canadensis in the district of Rimavská Sobota in Central Slovakia. Permanent research plots (PRPs) were established within anthropogenic habitat on an abandoned land that was divided into two variants. In the first variant, the mechanical regulation - mowing was applied. The second variant was without the regulation. The mechanical regulation of the populations was carried out in June and August during the growing season 2011. The results showed that the mechanical regulation did not have a clear impact on the population density. The decreasing trend of the number of shoots within the mowed variant was found only in one research plot (PRP3). The other plots showed an increase in the number of individuals by 2.7 and 32.7% between the mowings. Statistically highly significant differences in terms of the mowing impact on the height of the individuals were found in all PRPs. The difference in the weight of dry aboveground biomass between the mowings was 221.87 g, which represents 36.41%. Double the difference (48.8%) was recorded in the dry weight of the underground biomass in the regulated stand compared with the unregulated stand (165.1 and 322.5 g/m2, respectively). Although there was a short-term success achieved by the application of the two mowings during the growing period, the pursued objective was not reached.
Impact of Genetically Modified Stacked Maize NK603 × MON810 on the Genetic Diversity of Rhizobacterial Communities
Authors: Ondreičková Katarína , Kraic Ján
Published: February 2016

Field trials with the genetic modified (GM) maize stacked hybrid NK603 × MON810 performed in two different locations in the Czech Republic were used for evaluation of genetic diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. Statistically significant differences in the number of terminal restriction fragments (i.e. bacterial richness) between GM and non-GM maize were not detected. Diversity indices (Gini-Simpson and Shannon’s) revealed higher bacterial diversity in non-GM sample from location Ivanovice na Hané and in the GM maize from location Probluz, but statistical significant differences between GM and non-GM samples were not detected. Additionally, using principal component analysis and cluster analysis, no substantial variation in the composition of bacterial communities between GM and conventional maize were observed but the differences among individual collection sites were recorded.
The Selected Aspects of Application of Monetary Policy in the Economic and Monetary Union Pre-And-Post 2008
Authors: Vojtaššák Marek
Published: February 2016

Purpose of the article is to present in two parts the selected aspects of application of monetary policy in the euro area pre and post 2008 as well as insitutional adaptations brought by the EU legislator.

Methodology/methods In order to better explain these points, the article relies partially on a comparison with the framework and application of the monetary policy by the Federal Reserve as well as on a historic method when outlining the influence of definition of financial stability from the ECB/Eurosystem towards other prominent central banks.

Scientific aim The article presents selected aspects of the monetary policy in the part of the EU where single currency was introduced in order to outline state of the art governance structure as well as a certain institutional creativity in application of powers conferred upon the central banks by the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and Protocol on the Statute of the European System of Central Banks and of the European Central Bank. The goal is to prove (i) the hypothesis of robustness of the framework and (ii) present the limits that can only be pushed further by the legislative power.

The conclusions confirm on the one hand that the framework of monetary policy based on strong institutional safeguards such as legislative power and independence is very resilient and can prove efficient and creative enough to stabilise an innovative monetary system, however, on the other hand, validate the hypothesis that certain adaptations can only be performed on the basis of a legislative adaptations.
Novel synthesis and reactions of pyrazolyl-substituted tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]isoquinoline derivatives
Authors: Zaki Remon M. , El Dean Adel M. Kamal , El Monem Maisa I. Abd , Seddik Mohamed A.
Published: February 2016

Treatment of isoquinolinecarboxamide 4a with triethyl orthoformate, chloroacetyl chloride or carbon disulfide afforded the pyrimidinone 7, oxopyrimidinethione 12 and chloromethylpyrimidinone 18, respectively. These products were used as versatile starting materials for synthesis of other heterocyclic compounds. The heterocyclic hydrazide 6 was also obtained.
A study on the relationship of sociocultural characteristics, menstrual hygiene practices and gynaecological problems among adolescent girls in Eastern India
Authors: Mishra Shailendra Kumar , Dasgupta Doyel , Ray Subha
Published: February 2016

Objective:

The present study aims to understand the relationship of socioeconomic characteristics, menstrual hygiene practices and gynaecological problems among adolescent girls residing in rural and urban areas in the state of West Bengal, India.

Methods:

The study was based on a sample of 715 adolescent girls from rural (325) and urban (390) areas of West Bengal, a state in Eastern India. These girls belong to the Bengali-speaking Hindu community. Data on socioeconomic characteristics, menstrual hygiene practices (such as type of absorbents used and mode of cleaning of genitals during days of menstrual discharge) and gynaecological problems were collected using pretested questionnaires.

Results:

Rural and urban girls differ (p<0.01) for age at menarche, menstrual hygiene practices and prevalence of gynaecological problems. Urban girls have better menstrual hygiene practices (β=0.343, p<0.01) than rural girls. A similar trend is noted for gynaecological problems (β=0.080, p<0.01) among the study participants. Apart from socioeconomic characteristics, menstrual hygiene (β=–0.121, p<0.01) remains a significant predictor of gynaecological problems. The results of path analysis also indicate that girls of higher socioeconomic status have better menstrual hygiene practices which subsequently reduce the prevalence of gynaecological problems among them.

Conclusion:

A concerted effort from parents, educational institutions and existing healthcare institutions along with media may ensure safe and secure reproductive health prospects for adolescents in the region.
Optimization of Process Parameters in Micro-EDM of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Krishnaraj V.
Published: February 2016

Titanium alloys are categorized as light weight materials posse greater strength and toughness and are usually known to create major challenges during conventional and non-conventional machining. In general, these alloys are referred as difficult to machine materials. Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) suffers poor machinability for most cutting processes, especially the generation of micro-holes using traditional machining methods. Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is suitable for machining titanium alloys, although selection of machining parameters for higher machining rate and accuracy is a challenging task in machining micro-holes. Discharge current, pulse ON time and Flushing pressure were considered as the major influencing machining parameters and Material Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR) and Hole Taper were considered as the performance criteria. It is observed that machining performances are affected mostly by the peak current and pulse-on time during micro-electro discharge machining of titanium alloy. Mathematical models have been developed using multiple regression analysis, to establish the relationship between various significant process parameters and micro-EDM performance criteria. Also, studies have been made to examine the influence of various process parameters on the quality of the machined micro-hole.
A study of interaction of materialism and money attitude and its impact on car purchase
Authors: Rimple Manchanda , Srikant Manchiraju , Naseem Abidi , Jitendra Kumar Mishra
Published: February 2016

The present study investigates how the interaction of materialism and money attitude affects individuals choice of car price range in recent purchases (i.e., within the past six months). Car purchase behavior in terms of car price range has also been tested for different income groups, age groups and gender in National Capital Region (India). The data was collected through judgment sampling from 164 respondents, who recently purchased a new car for their personal use. The findings revealed that there is a significant association between materialism and different attitudes regarding the amount of money used by the respondents to purchase a car during the last six months. Level of materialism varies across different income levels and money attitude differs between males and females. Income was found to be the only variable that had significant association with choice of car price range. Age and gender did not seem to affect the car purchase behavior. This research has implications for the automobile industry and organizations in allied business activities, policy makers and marketers.
Crystal structure of poly [μ2-acetato-κ3-O,O′:O′)diaqua(μ3-isophthalato-κ4
O,O′:O′′:O′′′)cerium(III)] monohydrate (C10H13O9Ce)
Authors: Zhang Rui , Li Shi-Hui
Published: February 2016

C10H13O9Ce, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 10.5139(13) Å, b = 12.5642(15) Å, c = 10.4197(13) Å, β = 93.813(1)°, V = 1373.4(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0197, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0505, T = 296(2) K.
Tailoring the in vitro characteristics of poly(vinyl alcohol)-nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Kaur Tejinder , Thirugnanam Arunachalam , Pramanik Krishna
Published: February 2016

Poly(vinyl alcohol) reinforced with nanohydroxyapatite (PVA-nHA) composite scaffolds were developed by varying the nHA (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%, w/v) composition in the PVA matrix by solvent casting technique. The developed composite scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and contact angle measurement. The stability of the composite scaffolds in physiological environment was evaluated by swelling and degradation studies. Further, these composite scaffolds were tested for in vitro bioactivity, hemolysis, biocompatibility, and mechanical strength. SEM micrographs showed a homogenous distribution of nHA (3%, w/v) in the PVA matrix. XRD and ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed no phase contamination and the existence of the chemical bond between PVA-nHA at approximately 2474 cm-1. PVA-nHA composite scaffolds with 3% (w/v) concentration of nHA showed nominal swelling and degradation behavior with good mechanical strength. The mechanical strength and degradation properties of the scaffold above 3% (w/v) of nHA was found to deteriorate, which is due to the agglomeration of nHA. The in vitro bioactivity and hemolysis studies showed improved apatite formation and hemocompatibility of the developed scaffolds. In vitro cell adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and Alizarin red S staining confirmed the biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds.
Synthesis of spherical porous cross-linked glutaraldehyde/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels
Authors: Araki Sadao , Shirakura Yuko , Suzuki Harufumi , Yamamoto Hideki
Published: February 2016

Spherical glutaraldehyde cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels (G-PVA) were prepared in three steps: gelatification, cross-linking, and removal of alginate. Gelatification was carried out by dropping a solution of alginate, PVA, and glutaraldehyde into a calcium chloride solution to form calcium alginate. Calcium alginate gels were prepared at 20°C, 40°C, 60°C, and 80°C to study the effect of gelatification temperature on the formation of pores on the surface of G-PVA. The effect of the alginate content was studied. PVA and glutaraldehyde were cross-linked by immersion of the gels in a solution of H2SO4 and Na2SO4. The effect of sodium alginate and inorganic salts, such as MgSO4 and K2SO4, on the formation of pores on the surface of G-PVA was confirmed.
Structural chemistry of anionic fluoride and mixed-ligand fluoride complexes of indium(III)
Authors: Davidovich Ruven L. , Fedorov Pavel P. , Popov Artur I.
Published: February 2016

A total of 88 crystal lattice structures of indium(III) anionic fluoride and mixed-ligand fluoride complexes have been discussed and systematized. Most of these structures have been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques, but some were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction methods. The presented crystallography data were compared with known isotypical compounds. This paper offers a discussion of the geometry of indium and outer sphere cation coordination polyhedra; the association of indium atoms in dimer, oligomer, and polymer formations (chains, layers, frameworks); types of cation-anion interactions; and their contributions in actual three-dimensional crystal structures including types of the crystal lattices formed. We also used structural examples of potassium fluoroindates(III) to describe the basics of the structural depolymerization model for fluoride compounds, which is used to depict the formation and transformation of complex metal fluorides and predict structural types of novel or uncharacterized fluorides in the corresponding compound series. For the readers’ convenience, we have compiled structural information in a single table containing phase compositions and corresponding standard crystallographic data (such as crystal system, space group, unit cell parameters, number of formula units per cell [
Negative Energies in the Dirac Equation
Authors: Dvoeglazov Valeriy V.
Published: February 2016

It is easy to check that both algebraic equation

D
e
t
(

p
^

 
−
 
m
)
 
=
 
0

$Det(\hat p\, - \,m)\, = \,0$

and

D
e
t
(

p
^

 
+
 
m
)
 
=
 
0

$Det(\hat p\, + \,m)\, = \,0$

for u– and v– 4-spinors have solutions with

p
0

 
=
 
±

E
p

 
=
 
±
 

p

2

 
+
 

m
2

.

${p_0}\, = \, \pm {E_p}\, = \, \pm \,\sqrt {{{\bf{p}}^2}\, + \,{m^2}} .$

The same is true for higher-spin equations. Meanwhile, every book considers the equality p
0=E

p
for both u– and v– spinors of the (1/2, 0)⊕(0, 1/2) representation only, thus applying the Dirac–Feynman–Stueckelberg procedure for elimination of the negative-energy solutions. The recent Ziino works (and, independently, the articles of several others) show that the Fock space can be doubled. We reconsider this possibility on the quantum field level for both s=1/2 and higher-spin particles.
Seleção a campo de rizóbios nativos para cornichão
Authors: Stroschein Marcos Roberto Dobler , Wallau Marcelo Osório , Sá Enilson Luiz Saccol de , Binz Andréia , Dall’Agnol Miguel
Published: February 2016

O cornichão (Lotus corniculatus L.) tem sido apontado como uma das forrageiras mais promissoras para o uso no Rio Grande do Sul. No entanto, pouco se conhece a respeito da interação dessas plantas com os rizóbios nativos em condições de campo. Este estudo visou a avaliar a eficiência das interações entre rizóbios e plantas de Lotus corniculatus cv. 'São Gabriel' em condições de campo. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental Agronômica da UFRGS com delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos estudados foram: dois controles sem inoculação (um com a adição de 80kg ha-1 de nitrogênio na forma de uréia e outro sem a adição de nitrogênio); inoculação com rizóbios: estirpes SEMIA 816, recomendada no Brasil, U510, recomendada no Uruguai, U512, em estudo no Uruguai, e quatro isolados de rizóbios nativos (UFRGS Lc322, UFRGS Lc349, UFRGS Lc269 e Iso 7). O isolado UFRGS Lc322 e a estirpe U510 são mais eficientes do que a estirpe SEMIA 816, recomendada para cornichão no país. Além disso, a produção de forragem das plantas inoculadas com o isolado UFRGS Lc322 e a estirpe U510 superou a obtida com a adição de 80kg ha-1 de nitrogênio.
Romanian Roma: An Institutional Ethnography of Labour Market Exclusion
Authors: Breimo Janne Paulsen , Baciu Loreni Elena
Published: February 2016

Roma individuals are struggling to access the formal labour market in Romania. Previous research occupied with this issue has traditionally been dominated by quantitative studies of socio-economic indicators that cling to the characteristics of the ethnic group. The study presented here, however, uses institutional ethnography as a method of social inquiry to demonstrate that this issue needs to be studied from a bottom-up perspective. The article illustrates that there are factors connected to how the system of occupational integration operates that must be taken into consideration in order to explain the difficulties Roma individuals face when trying to enter the labour market in Romania. We argue that these structural barriers create and reinforce processes of minoritising that increase marginalization and discrimination and thereby hinder work inclusion for Roma individuals.
The Exact Estimates of Fourier-Haar Coefficients of Functions of Bounded Variation
Authors: Shchitov Alexander N.
Published: February 2016

The exact values of the upper bounds of the modulus of Fourier-Haar coefficients of functions of one variable has been obtained on the classes of functions of boundary variations KVp(1≤p<∞). The behavior of Fourier-Haar coefficients of functions of several variables has been investigated for functions of boundary variations from the classes Vp,d(IId), KVp,d(1≤p<∞) and KV*1,d. On these classes of functions of several variables the exact results has been obtained.
Adubação nitrogenada em cobertura no feijoeiro em sucessão ao milheto solteiro e consorciado com guanduanão
Authors: Silva Ranieri Martins , Araújo Lucas Da Silva , Cunha Paulo César Ribeiro da , Silveira Pedro Marques da , Almeida André Cirilo de Sousa
Published: February 2016

Considerando que elevadas quantidades de nitrogênio (N) são requeridas pelo feijoeiro em sucessão a resíduos culturais de gramíneas solteiras e/ou consorciadas com leguminosas, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar o desempenho agronômico do feijoeiro, cultivar Pérola, sob irrigação, em função de doses de N em cobertura, em sucessão aos cultivos de milheto solteiro e consorciado com guandu-anão. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. As duas parcelas foram constituídas pelo cultivo do feijoeiro em sucessão aos cultivos de milheto solteiro e consorciado com guandu-anão; e, nas subparcelas, foram aleatorizadas as doses de N (0, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1). Avaliou-se a produtividade de fitomassa seca das plantas de cobertura; no feijoeiro avaliou-se: número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade de grãos. O milheto solteiro e milheto consorciado com guandu-anão apresentaram produtividade de fitomassa seca semelhante. Apenas a produtividade de grãos foi afetada pelas culturas antecessoras, sendo superior na sucessão ao consórcio de milheto com guandu-anão. Em relação à adubação nitrogenada, a massa de 100 grãos e a produtividade de grãos aumentaram linearmente com as doses de N em cobertura. A dose de 180 kg ha-1 de N não foi suficiente para promover a máxima expressão do potencial para massa de 100 grãos e produtividade do feijoeiro.
Ajuste de modelos matemáticos a contração volumétrica unitária e da massa dos grãos de soja
Authors: Smaniotto Thais Adriana de Souza , Resende Osvaldo , Cabral de Oliveira Daniel Emanuel , Cambuy Siqueira Valdiney , Aparecida Sousa Kelly
Published: February 2016

O índice de contração volumétrica pode variar entre os produtos agrícolas. Normalmente, grãos como os de soja, que apresentam estruturas morfológicas simples e teor de água reduzido, apresentam baixos índices de contração no momento da secagem. No entanto, a sua quantificação e determinação podem contribuir para otimizar o processo de secagem. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o ajuste de diferentes modelos matemáticos, identificando o que melhor representa o fenômeno da contração volumétrica unitária e da massa dos grãos de soja submetidos à secagem em duas temperaturas. Foram utilizados grãos de soja (Glycine Max L.), cultivar M7211RR, com teor de água inicial de 0,31 (base seca, b.s.). Os grãos foram submetidos à secagem em estufa de circulação de ar forçada, nas temperaturas de 50 e 90 ± 1 °C até o teor de água de aproximadamente 0,13 (b.s.), determinando-se os teores de água do produto pelo método da estufa a 105 ± 1 oC. Acompanharam-se os teores de água por meio da perda de massa. Para cada teor de água pré-estabelecido, determinou-se o volume dos grãos por meio das medidas dos eixos ortogonais. Dentre os modelos analisados por meio do coeficiente de determinação, qui-quadrado, erro médio relativo e erro médio estimado, o modelo linear foi selecionado para descrição do fenômeno em questão devido a sua menor complexidade comparado aos demais. O modelo linear é capaz de descrever com eficácia a contração volumétrica unitária e da massa dos grãos de soja nas temperaturas de 50 e 90 ºC.