bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of lateral cyclic loading on the piled-raft foundation embedded in layered soil
Authors: Saleh Wafaa A. , Abbas Jasim M.
Published: February 2021

The work includes an experimental analysis was performed to determine the impact of several variables on the behavior of laterally loaded piled raft model (2×2) having a ratio of length to diameter (L/D=40) and a diameter spacing (S / D) ratio of 3, 5 and 7 at frequency (0.2) Hz embedded in layered soil. The results are submitted as load-deflection curves and bending moment profiles. The effects of degree of saturation, number of cycles, level of cyclic loads, and the location of piles in a row are studied in this work. The results illustrated that increasing degree of saturation for clay soil (mid-layer) decreasing the lateral resistance of this model by about (25%, 31%, and 39%) for S/D=3, 5, and 7 respectively and bending moment by about (7%, 15%, and 17%) for S/D=3, 5, and 7 respectively. The piles in the front rows resist the soil with its full capacity, while in the trailing rows (i.e back) the shadowing effect tends to cause a reduction in soil resistance. The results clarified that maximum bending moment for trailing row less than the leading row by about 7%. The presence of vertical loads lead to an improvement in the lateral resistance of the model with dry clay soil about (28%, 26% and 12%) for S/D=3, 5, and7 respectively, whereas the increase in the horizontal resistance of the model with partially saturated clay soil about (40%, 45%, and 44%) for S/D=3, 5, and 7 respectively, compared with the absence of vertical loads.
Proposing a new type of DPC to control moisture movements in brick walls
Authors: Assi Malik. H. , Taresh Noor S. , Aboud Ghufraan Mohammed
Published: February 2021

This paper reviews several traditional and modern damp-proof courses (DPCs) techniques that have been used worldwide and show the limitation(s) of each technique. It also presents a new waterproofing technique employing the principles of capillary breaking layers (CBLs) used widely in earth structures. The paper presents the results of a study on rising damp based upon a practical one-year-long tests. The short and the long term hygrothermal behavior of the proposed technique was also investigated numerically using WUFI simulation program. It has been found that a capillary breaking layer can be successfully utilized to create a capillary barrier that is capable of blocking moisture rise in a brick wall and enhancing wall breathability at the level of treatment.
Evaluation of Contractors Performance in Iraqi Construction Projects Using Multiple Criteria Complex Proportional Assessment Method (COPRAS)
Authors: Jasim Nidal Adnan
Published: February 2021

The construction industry is a significant part of every economy and that performance assessment holds the key to its success in national socio-economic goals. Successful Construction projects are closely related to contractor’s performance, where increases a suitable contractor the chances of satisfactory completion of a project in time, cost and quality specified. Contractors’ performance can provide robust benchmarks for contractors and help to identify ways towards performance improvement. Contractor performance can be defined by the level and quality of projects delivered to clients. he objective of this research work is to study evaluate contractor performance for construction projects, and how it can be employed technical grounds (The Method Of Multiple Criteria Complex Proportional Assessment) in the assessment of contractors Performance for construction projects, through the identification of criteria used to select the best contractor in terms performance as well as determining the list contractors of to choose the optimal contractor of these terms. For achieving the goal of the research its data collecting from the literature that addressed the factors Affecting Contractor Performance and method of multiple criteria complex proportional assessment (COPRAS), and finally personal interviews of engineers, contractors and owners qualified. The results of data analysis for the sample and then Rank Order Centroid method (ROC) and distinctive in their application showed that criteria of the quality of work, project management, technical knowledge, and timeliness of performance are the most important criteria for bilateral comparisons between contractors. Finally, and by calculating the relative importance, priorities of alternatives, and the benefit degree we find that the C1 has received the largest share of the benefit and importance.

In the end, was a set of conclusions and recommendations of various aspects of the topic from accelerating the application of techniques of decision- making multi-criteria in the evaluation of contractors performance in addition to expediting the application of the systems proposed by the researcher for the evaluation of contractors performance.
Flexural Behavior of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams with Super elastic Wire Under Repeated Loading
Authors: Salman Mohammed Munqith , Khalaf Noor Ayaad , Alobaidi Maan K
Published: February 2021

This paper investigates the effect of polypropylene fiber (PPM-12) and nitinol (NiTi) superelastic Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires in concrete beams under flexural repeated loading. For this purpose, nine of simply supported beams with dimensions of (1000 mm length, 80 mm width and 125 mm depth) were considered. Test specimens were divided into three groups (G1, G2 and G3). Specimens in group G2 and G3 were reinforced with different ratios of PPM-12 fiber (0.5%and 0.75%) by volume of concrete and threaded (NiTi) superelastic SMA wires. Group G1 was reinforced with traditional steel rebar and SMA wires without PPM-12 fiber. The results revealed that the addition of PPM-12 fiber to concrete have a negative effect on the mechanical properties of concrete with respect to load carrying capacity in the other side the addition of fiber led to a controlled crack propagation in concrete and increased the fatigue life of concrete. The (NiTi) superelastic threaded wires were active in some specimens in which some displacement recovery was noticed. The importance of study is how to enhance concrete life and reducing crack propagation in concrete by using polypropylene fiber and NiTi wire as reinforcement in concrete.
Effect of Laying Service longitudinal and Transverse Openings on Reinforced Concrete Hollow Beam Web under Flexural Loadings
Authors: Abu Altemen Ahmed Abbas Ghali , Sharba Amjad Ali K , Al Ameri Raad Abdulkadim Naser , Ibrahim Mohammed Kahlil , Ozakca Mustafa
Published: February 2021

Laying of service pipes such as sewage pipes, electricity pipes, and sometimes water pipes ducts and others had presented some problems especially if it gathered in one place. One of the best solutions to minimize the problems and solve the piping and other services is using longitudinal and transverse opening in beams (BLTO), especially when high strength concrete (HSC) is used. HSC beam that performed experimentally by a researcher and implemented in this study by finite element method. ANSYS software was utilized to prove the experimental results with using the same properties, geometry, materials, and conditions which the comparison included the force-displacement relationship ultimate load capacity, maximum displacement, and crack pattern. The verification process between the experimental program and theoretical one demonstrated that there is a good convergence between the obtained results between the two results. The similarity in the outcomes showed that the matching between the experimental and numerical in force by (99%) and in displacement by (94%). These variances were due to the small difference in the condition of experimental and theoretical side which the numerical considered ideal condition. Also, this study examined the behavior of (RC) beam have longitudinal and transverse opening. The registered failure mode of beam was flexural failure although of presence of shear cracks but the flexural cracks were the controller in the behavior.
Shear strength and Characterization of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams -A Review
Authors: Sharba Amjad Ali K , Hussain Hussain Dhafir , Alkhafaji Sura Faleh A
Published: February 2021

Reinforced concrete deep beams are structural elements that primarily pass-heavy gravity loads to their supports by shearing action. High shear strength is a significant feature of deep beams. This is due to the tied-arch internal a mechanism which transmits the load directly via concrete compressive struts to the supports. Various researchers and codes of practice that vary in principle have suggested different meanings for RC deep beams. Several researchers have also developed different shear strength prediction models and codes for the calculation of the shear strength of deep beams by analytical models and comprehensive services for exams. There seems to be, however, no consensus on which description properly classifies what a deep beam is and which paradigm creates a great result that similar to experimental values, the value of shear strength of beams. The research compared the concepts and evaluated deep beam shear capacity models based on data from 210 deep beams according to different code provisions acquired in literature. The ACI-318 code description concept was found to provide the most practical characterization of a deep beam, while its shear strength model, based on the method of the strut-and-tie model, offers the best estimate for a deep beam’s shear strength.
Behavior of eccentrically loaded normal weight concrete encased steel columns at elevated temperature
Authors: Al-Talqani Noor Al-Huda , Al-Thairy Haitham
Published: February 2021

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the behavior of normal weight concrete encased steel (CES) columns eccentrically loaded and exposed to different elevated temperature using an electrical furnace. Four CES columns were tested with cross section dimensions of 150 ×150 mm (width× depth) and 1250mm total length and encased a steel section with dimensions of 70×60× 4×4 mm (total height× flange width× flange thickness× web thickness. The top and bottom ends of the columns were designed as corbels to prevent the premature local bearing failure at the concrete due to axial load. The corbels had a cross section dimensions equal to 240mm ×150mm (width × depth) with a distance between them equal to750mm. The experimental results have revealed that all CES columns have failed by flexural buckling failure mode with concrete crushing at the middle third of the compression side column accompanied with local buckling of the steel section flange. Analysis of the test results has also indicated that when the exposed temperature increases, the failure load considerably decreases. Where, the failure load of the CES columns has decreased by 53.6%, 61.2%, and 63.6% compared to the control CES column when they exposed to temperature of 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, respectively.
Novel methods to extract and quantify sensors based on single wall carbon nanotube fluorescence from animal tissue and hydrogel-based platforms
Authors: Hofferber Eric , Meier Jakob , Herrera Nicolas , Stapleton Joseph , Ney Kayla , Francis Becca , Calkins Chris , Iverson Nicole
Published: February 2021

Sensors that can quickly and accurately diagnose and monitor human health are currently at the forefront of medical research. Single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) based optical biosensors are a growing area of research due to the high spatiotemporal resolution of their near infrared fluorescence leading to high tissue transparency and unparalleled sensitivity to analytes of interest. Unfortunately, due to the functionalization requirements of SWNT-based sensors, there are concerns surrounding accumulation and persistence when applied in vivo. In this study, we developed protocols to extract and quantify SWNT from complex solutions and show an 89% sensor retention by hydrogel platforms when implanted in vivo. Animal tissues of interest were also extracted and probed for SWNT content showing no accumulation (0.03 mg l−1 SWNT detection limit). The methods developed in this paper demonstrated one avenue for applying SWNT sensors in vivo without concern for accumulation.
Nuclear clocks for testing fundamental physics
Authors: Peik E , Schumm T , Safronova M S , Pálffy A , Weitenberg J , Thirolf P G
Published: February 2021

The low-energy, long-lived isomer in 229Th, first studied in the 1970s as an exotic feature in nuclear physics, continues to inspire a multidisciplinary community of physicists. It has stimulated innovative ideas and studies that expand the understanding of atomic and nuclear structure of heavy elements and of the interaction of nuclei with bound electrons and coherent light. Using the nuclear resonance frequency, determined by the strong and electromagnetic interactions inside the nucleus, it is possible to build a highly precise nuclear clock that will be fundamentally different from all other atomic clocks based on resonant frequencies of the electron shell. The nuclear clock will open opportunities for highly sensitive tests of fundamental principles of physics, particularly in searches for violations of Einstein’s equivalence principle and for new particles and interactions beyond the standard model. It has been proposed to use the nuclear clock to search for variations of the electromagnetic and strong coupling constants and for dark matter searches. The 229Th nuclear optical clock still represents a major challenge in view of the tremendous gap of nearly 17 orders of magnitude between the present uncertainty in the nuclear transition frequency (about 0.2 eV, corresponding to ∼48 THz) and the natural linewidth (in the mHz range). Significant experimental progress has been achieved in recent years, which will be briefly reviewed. Moreover, a research strategy will be outlined to consolidate our present knowledge about essential 229mTh properties, to determine the nuclear transition frequency with laser spectroscopic precision, realize different types of nuclear clocks and apply them in precision frequency comparisons with optical atomic clocks to test fundamental physics. Two avenues will be discussed: laser-cooled trapped 229Th ions that allow experiments with complete control on the nucleus–electron interaction and minimal systematic frequency shifts, and Th-doped solids enabling experiments at high particle number and in different electronic environments.
First-principles study of cubic alkaline-earth metal zirconate perovskites
Authors: Lamichhane Aneer , Ravindra N M
Published: February 2021

Zirconate perovskites are known for their ionic conductivity. First principles study are performed to analyze the structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of zirconate perovskites. The effects of alkaline earth metal cation substitution on their overall properties are further investigated. The calculations are performed using the projector augmented wave (PAW) within GGA-PBE and HSE06 formalism. The obtained results not only predict the properties in accord with the experimental ones, but also compare the efficacy of these two functionals.
Experiential investigation on the effect of heavy fuel oil substitution by high sulfur petcoke on the physico-mechanical features and microstructure of white cement composites
Authors: Abdelzaher M A
Published: February 2021

The current research paper study the effects of producing white cement using high sulfur petroleum coke (WCPC) instead of using HFO (WCHFO). White Cement production needs huge amounts of thermal units from HFO and it the most consumed energy all over the world. There are many interest to burn alternative energy sources aiming to decrease in combustion cost and secure the surround environment. Current combustion technologies allow the burning of fuel With a high percentage of sulfur such as PC, to have the least environmental damage and generate the least amount of fly ash. HFO contains one third or less of sulfur (S) than high sulfur PC. High concentration of sulfur in white cement/clinker granules cause a series of adverse effects on its applications due to formation of big amounts of anhydrite (CaSO4-insoluble) & aphthitalite (3K2SO4·Na2SO4) and reduce the formation of thenardite (Na2SO4) leaves cracks, endearments and yellowish color for skin coat, painting and decoration applications. High sulfur content in white cement (WCPC) comes from high sulfur in fuel and accordingly increases the setting time, compressive strength, workability and sodium equivalent (Na2OEq) content, while it reduce cement whiteness reflection (Ry) degree. XR, XRD and physical properties of fuels are performed reflected high sulfur and alkali concentration. SEM morphology analysis has been tested showing improving in WCpC microstructure.
Dynamic electrical measurement of biomolecule behavior via plasmonically-excited nanogap fabricated by electromigration
Authors: Morita Akihiro , Sumitomo Takayuki , Uesugi Akio , Sugano Koji , Isono Yoshitada
Published: February 2021

The dynamic motion of DNA oligomers at the nanoscale gap between nanoelectrodes is measured under plasmonic excitation using laser irradiation. The use of a nanogap enables highly sensitive detection of individual molecules using an electrical readout or an optical readout such as Raman spectroscopy. However, the target molecule must reach the nanogap in order to be detected. This study focuses on the use of plasmonic excitation to trap molecules at the nanogap surface. The nanogap electrode is fabricated by electromigration and is, therefore, a much smaller nanogap than the top-down fabrication in the conventional plasmonic trapping studies. To demonstrate the individual molecule detection and to investigate the molecular behavior, the molecules are monitored using an electrical readout under a bias voltage instead of an optical readout used in the conventional studies. The conductance change due to DNA oligomer penetration to the nanogap is observed with the irradiated light intensity of over 1.23 mW. The single-molecule detection is confirmed irradiating the laser to the nanogap. The results suggest that DNA oligomers are spontaneously attracted and concentrated to the nanogap corresponding to the detection point, resulting in high detection probability and sensitivity.
Impact of shear mixing time of epoxy-silica nanocomposites on its electrical and mechanical properties
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Sukesh Babu Myneni , Velmurugan R , Imai Takahiro , Sarathi R
Published: February 2021

The shear mixing time was varied to study its influence on electrical and mechanical behaviour of epoxy-silica nanocomposites. Epoxy resin along with 1 wt.% of silica nanofillers were subjected to shear mixing at different time spans. Water droplet-initiated corona inception voltage (CIV) was observed to increase with the shear mixing time, under AC and DC voltages. A marginal increase in contact angle a function of shear mixing time was noticed. The CIV due to water droplet and the contact angle has shown a direct correlation. The epoxy-silica nanocomposite sample fabricated with 7 h of shear mixing time has led to 46.68% increment in CIV under AC voltage and 24.81% increment in contact angle compared to base epoxy resin. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the Young’s modulus of nanocomposites have increased with shear mixing time and at 7 h of shear mixing time has shown increase in ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus of 45.78% and 43.77%, respectively, as compared to base epoxy resin. The strain versus time plot obtained from the digital image correlation (DIC) studies has shown that maximum strain occurs at a time period before breakdown has increased with shear mixing time up to 7 h. The time at which the maximum strain occurs has increased to 91.49% before the breakdown of epoxy-silica nanocomposite sample which was prepared with 7 h of shear mixing time as compared to base epoxy resin.
A framework for association rule learning with social media networks
Authors: Kruse Ryan , Lokukatagoda Tharindu , Alkhushayni Suboh
Published: February 2021

We present an application of association rule learning to analyze Twitter account follow patterns. In doing so, we develop a basic framework and tutorial for future researchers to build on, which takes advantage of the Twitter API. To demonstrate the method, we take samples of Twitter accounts following Joe Biden and Donald Trump. For each account in our sample population, we pull the account’s 100 most recently followed accounts. This data is cleaned and formatted for use with Python’s apyori package, which uses the well-known apriori algorithm to learn association rules for a given dataset. This work has two objectives: (1) demonstrate the application association rule learning to social media networks and (2) perform exploratory analysis on the resulting association rules. We successfully demonstrate association rule learning in a Jupyter-notebook environment with Python. The resulting association rules indicate some interesting similarities and differences in the networks of Biden’s and Trump’s Twitter followers. The demonstrated method can be generalized to any non-private Twitter account(s). Extensions of our work can apply the method to larger datasets, with a focus on analyzing the learned association rules. Our study demonstrates an innovative application of association rule learning outside of the traditional use cases, which suggests similar opportunities in fields such as politics, education, public health, and more.
Uniform in time estimates for the weak error of the Euler method for SDEs and a pathwise approach to derivative estimates for diffusion semigroups
Authors: Crisan D. , Dobson P. , Ottobre M.
Published: February 2021

We present a criterion for uniform in time convergence of the weak error of the Euler scheme for Stochastic Differential equations (SDEs). The criterion requires (i) exponential decay in time of the space-derivatives of the semigroup associated with the SDE and (ii) bounds on (some) moments of the Euler approximation. We show by means of examples (and counterexamples) how both (i) and (ii) are needed to obtain the desired result. If the weak error converges to zero uniformly in time, then convergence of ergodic averages follows as well. We also show that Lyapunov-type conditions are neither sufficient nor necessary in order for the weak error of the Euler approximation to converge uniformly in time and clarify relations between the validity of Lyapunov conditions, (i) and (ii).

Conditions for (ii) to hold are studied in the literature. Here we produce sufficient conditions for (i) to hold. The study of derivative estimates has attracted a lot of attention, however not many results are known in order to guarantee exponentially fast decay of the derivatives. Exponential decay of derivatives typically follows from coercive-type conditions involving the vector fields appearing in the equation and their commutators; here we focus on the case in which such coercive-type conditions are non-uniform in space. To the best of our knowledge, this situation is unexplored in the literature, at least on a systematic level. To obtain results under such space-inhomogeneous conditions we initiate a pathwise approach to the study of derivative estimates for diffusion semigroups and combine this pathwise method with the use of Large Deviation Principles.
Proteo-chemometrics interaction fingerprints of protein–ligand complexes predict binding affinity
Authors: Wang Debby D. , Xie Haoran , Yan Hong
Published: February 2021

Motivation

Reliable predictive models of protein–ligand binding affinity are required in many areas of biomedical research. Accurate prediction based on current descriptors or molecular fingerprints (FPs) remains a challenge. We develop novel interaction FPs (IFPs) to encode protein–ligand interactions and use them to improve the prediction.

Results

Proteo-chemometrics IFPs (PrtCmm IFPs) formed by combining extended connectivity fingerprints (ECFPs) with the proteo-chemometrics concept. Combining PrtCmm IFPs with machine-learning models led to efficient scoring models, which were validated on the PDBbind v2019 core set and CSAR-HiQ sets. The PrtCmm IFP Score outperformed several other models in predicting protein–ligand binding affinities. Besides, conventional ECFPs were simplified to generate new IFPs, which provided consistent but faster predictions. The relationship between the base atom properties of ECFPs and the accuracy of predictions was also investigated.

Availability

PrtCmm IFP has been implemented in the IFP Score Toolkit on github (https://github.com/debbydanwang/IFPscore).

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Polystyrene Immobilized Sol–Gel Ground Silica Monolith Particles Using One-Pot Reaction of Enhanced Separation Efficiency
Authors: Sun Genlin , Lu Yao
Published: February 2021

The stationary phase based on sol–gel ground silica monolith particles has been produced by one-pot polymerization method incorporation of styrene and ethylene dimethacrylate. First, the ground silica monolith particles were prepared by a sol–gel process followed by sedimentation. The particles were then subjected to modify with styrene ligand via one-pot polymerization, whereas ethylene dimethacrylate was used as the cross-linker. The glass lined stainless steel columns (1 mm internal diameter, 150 mm length) were packed with the above phase for estimation of the chromatographic performance in high-performance liquid chromatography. An average number of theoretical plates of as high as 39,300 plates/column was obtained under the optimized elution condition. The column-to-column reproducibility was proved satisfactory in separation efficiency and retention factor. The experimental results indicate that sol–gel ground silica particles prepared by an aid of one-pot modification can provide a better way for preparation of highly efficient stationary phase.
Orientation of the right superior pulmonary vein affects outcome after pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Szegedi Nándor , Vecsey-Nagy Milán , Simon Judit , Szilveszter Bálint , Herczeg Szilvia , Kolossváry Márton , Idelbi Hana , Osztheimer István , Klaudia Nagy Vivien , Tahin Tamás , Széplaki Gábor , Delgado Victoria , Bax Jeroen J , Maurovich-Horvat Pál , Merkely Béla , Gellér László
Published: February 2021

Aims

Controversial results have been published regarding the influence of pulmonary vein (PV) anatomical variations on outcomes after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). However, no data are available on the impact of PV orientation on the long-term success rates of point-by-point PVI. We sought to determine the impact of PV anatomy and orientation on atrial fibrillation (AF)-free survival in patients undergoing PVI using the radiofrequency point-by-point technique.

Methods and results

We retrospectively included 448 patients who underwent initial point-by-point radiofrequency ablation for AF at our department. Left atrial computed tomography angiography was performed before each procedure. PV anatomical variations, ostial parameters (area, effective diameter, and eccentricity), orientation, and their associations with 24-month AF-free survival were analysed. PV anatomical variations and ostial parameters were not predictive for AF-free survival (all P > 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that female sex (P = 0.025) was associated with higher rates of AF recurrence, ventral-caudal (P = 0.002), dorsal-cranial (P = 0.034), and dorsal-caudal (P = 0.042) orientation of the right superior PV (RSPV), on the other hand, showed an association with lower rates of AF recurrence, when compared with the reference ventral-cranial orientation. On multivariate analysis, both female sex [odds ratio (OR) 1.83, 95% CI 1.15–2.93, P = 0.011] and ventral-caudal RSPV orientation, compared with ventral-cranial orientation, proved to be independent predictors of 24-month AF recurrence (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.19–0.71, P = 0.003).

Conclusion

Female sex and ventral-caudal RSPV orientation have an impact on long-term arrhythmia-free survival. Assessment of PV orientation may be a useful tool in predicting AF-free survival and may contribute to a more personalized management of AF.
Transplantation of donor hearts after circulatory death using normothermic regional perfusion and cold storage preservation
Authors: Vandendriessche Katrien , Tchana-Sato Vincent , Ledoux Didier , Degezelle Karlien , Rex Steffen , Neyrinck Arne , Jochmans Ina , Monbaliu Diethard , Vandenbriele Christophe , Cleemput Johan Van , Meyns Bart , Rega Filip
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVES

Hearts donated after circulatory determination of death are usually preserved with normothermic machine perfusion prior to transplantation. This type of preservation is costly, requires bench time adding to warm ischaemia, and does not provide a reliable evaluation of the unloaded donor heart. We report on 4 successful donation after circulatory death (category III) hearts transplanted after thoraco-abdominal normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) and static cold storage.

METHODS

After life sustaining therapy was withdrawn and death was declared, perfusion to thoraco-abdominal organs was restored using extracorporeal circulation via cannulas in the femoral artery and vein and clamping of supra-aortic vessels. After weaning from extracorporeal circulation, cardiac function was assessed. Once approved, the heart was retrieved and stored using classic static cold storage. Data are expressed as median [min–max].

RESULTS

Donor and recipient ages were 44 years [12–60] (n = 4) and 53 years [14–64] (n = 4), respectively. Time from the withdrawal of life sustaining therapy to start of NRP was 22 min [18–31]. Cold storage time was 72 min [35–129]. Thirty-day survival was 100% with a left ventricle ejection fraction of 60% [50–60].

CONCLUSIONS

Donation after circulatory death heart transplantation using thoraco-abdominal NRP and subsequent cold storage preservation for up to 129 min was safe for 4 procedures and could be a way to expand the donor heart pool while avoiding costs of machine preservation.
De Novo Whole-Genome Assembly of the Swede Midge (Contarinia nasturtii), a Specialist of Brassicaceae, Using Linked-Read Sequencing
Authors: Mori Boyd A , Coutu Cathy , Chen Yolanda H , Campbell Erin O , Dupuis Julian R , Erlandson Martin A , Hegedus Dwayne D
Published: February 2021

The swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii, is a cecidomyiid fly that feeds specifically on plants within the Brassicaceae. Plants in this family employ a glucosinolate-myrosinase defense system, which can be highly toxic to nonspecialist feeders. Feeding by C. nasturtii larvae induces gall formation, which can cause substantial yield losses thus making it a significant agricultural pest. A lack of genomic resources, in particular a reference genome, has limited deciphering the mechanisms underlying glucosinolate tolerance in C. nasturtii, which is of particular importance for managing this species. Here, we present an annotated, scaffolded reference genome of C. nasturtii using linked-read sequencing from a single individual and explore systems involved in glucosinolate detoxification. The C. nasturtii genome is similar in size and annotation completeness to that of the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor, but has greater contiguity. Several genes encoding enzymes involved in glucosinolate detoxification in other insect pests, including myrosinases, sulfatases, and glutathione S-transferases, were found, suggesting that C. nasturtii has developed similar strategies for feeding on Brassicaceae. The C. nasturtii genome will, therefore, be integral to continued research on plant-insect interactions in this system and contribute to effective pest management strategies.
Goal Changes and Healthy Aging
Authors: Heckhausen Jutta , Brandstätter Veronika , Fishbach Ayelet , Freund Alexandra M , Lachman Margie E , Robert Philippe
Published: February 2021

This article discusses ways in which aging individuals respond to physical, social, and environmental changes and constraints by modifying their goals. We review aging-related trends, which we derive from several theoretical approaches, including goal systems theory, the motivational theory of life-span development and its action-phase model, and the Selection, Optimization, and Compensation model. These theories explain how biological and social role changes in later adulthood prompt individuals to make changes to the content, orientation, and composition of their goals, including disengaging from and adjusting previously central goals. They also help identify individual differences in the capacity to do so effectively. We review several motivation-related interventions that address the challenges in goal adjustment and call for more research on identifying processes of goal changes conducive to healthy aging, more interventions, and modifications of societal and institutional (e.g., workplace, nursing home) operations that support adaptive goal change in older adults.
Systematic Studies on Temperature-Dependent In Vitro Stability during Storage and Smoking of the Synthetic Cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-P7AICA
Authors: Walle Nadja , Doerr Adrian A , Laschke Matthias W , Menger Michael D , Meyer Markus R , Schmidt Peter H , Schaefer Nadine
Published: February 2021

Metabolism studies have shown that the synthetic cannabinoid (SC) 5F-MDMB-P7AICA is predominantly degraded by ester hydrolysis to 5F-MDMB-P7AICA dimethyl butanoic acid. To investigate the stability of 5F-MDMB-P7AICA during storage for a certain period of time or smoking, in vitro stability tests were performed. Blood and serum samples were collected repeatedly during a toxicokinetic study using a pig model and were retested after a 5- and 12-month storage at different temperatures (−20°C, 4°C or room temperature (RT)). Analysis was performed using fully validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods following liquid–liquid extraction and protein precipitation. One set of samples was analyzed immediately following the experiment (without storage (WS)). In the WS samples, 5F-MDMB-P7AICA and 5F-MDMB-P7AICA dimethyl butanoic acid were present in every sample collected throughout the whole experiment. Analysis of the blood and serum samples stored for 5 and 12 months at −20°C and 4°C revealed relatively stable concentrations of the parent substance and the dimethyl butanoic acid metabolite. Regarding the samples stored at RT, the concentrations of 5F-MDMB-P7AICA decreased, while the concentrations of the hydrolysis product increased. This change could particularly be observed in samples with a high initial concentration of the analytes. A further screening of the samples stored at RT revealed no other degradation products. In conclusion, the SC 5F-MDMB-P7AICA could be detected even after 12 months of storage at RT and therefore seems to be more stable than its isomer, 5F-ADB. Regarding the smoke condensate, besides the parent compound, only trace amounts of dimethyl butanoic acid were found.
Imaging simulation of charged nanowires in TEM with large defocus distance
Authors: Shi Te , Liu Shikai , Tian H , Ding Z J
Published: February 2021

In transmission electron microscope (TEM), both the amplitude and the phase of electron beam change when electrons traverse a specimen. The amplitude is easily obtained by the square root of the intensity of a TEM image, while the phase affects defocused images. In order to obtain the phase map and verify the theoretical model of the interaction between electron beam and specimen, a lot of simulations have to be performed by researchers. In this work, we have simulated defocus images of a SiC nanowire in TEM with the method of electron optics. Mean inner potential and charge distribution on the nanowire have been considered in the simulation. Besides, due to electron scattering, coherence loss of the electron beam has been introduced. A dynamic process with Bayesian optimization was used in the simulation. With the infocus image as input and by adjusting fitting parameters, the defocus image is determined with a reasonable charge distribution. The calculated defocus images are in a good agreement with the experimental ones. Here, we present a complete solution and verification method for solving nanoscale charge distribution in TEM.
C1-2 cyst presenting with syringobulbia: a case report
Authors: Yang Michael J , Arkun Knarik , Kryzanski James T
Published: February 2021

Extradural atlantoaxial cysts are typically related to C1-2 degeneration. Intradural cysts may cause secondary syringobulbia depending on the size and cerebrospinal fluid flow obstruction. However, medullary syrinxes have not been previously described with extradural cysts. Treatment of symptomatic lesions involves surgical resection, often via a far-lateral approach, with consideration of fusion if C1-2 instability is present. We present a case of an extradural C1-2 cyst with intradural extension causing syringobulbia. Effective surgical resection was accomplished via a far-lateral, partial transcondylar approach without fusion. It is important to recognize that cysts of extradural origin may exhibit intradural extension and compress critical neurovascular structures.
Long-term Effectiveness of Microwave Thermoablation in Persons With Residual Limb Hyperhidrosis: A Case Series
Authors: Kravitz Shena A , Lannan Ford M , Simpson Meagan M
Published: February 2021

Excessive sweating or focal hyperhidrosis (HH) of the residual limb in persons with amputations is thought to be a significant contributor to residual limb dermatoses, prosthesis dysfunction, and decreased quality of life. Treatment algorithms used for HH in persons without amputation do not effectively translate to residual limb HH, and research in this area is sparse. We discuss the long-term outcomes of three patients treated with microwave thermoablation (MT) on their residual limbs who had previously been unsuccessfully managed with topical antiperspirants and botulinum toxin injections. On average, there was a decrease of two points in the Hyperhidrosis Severity Scale score among the three patients 4-6 years after treatment. Although the reported side effects of post-procedure edema and prolonged time out of a prosthesis are challenging, MT of the residual limb appears to be a promising treatment modality for persons with amputation. Further investigations for standardized treatment guidelines are required to improve management of residual limb HH with MT.
Stellar-mass microlensing of gravitational waves
Authors: Cheung Mark H Y , Gais Joseph , Hannuksela Otto A , Li Tjonnie G F
Published: February 2021

When gravitational waves (GWs) pass through the nuclear star clusters of galactic lenses, they may be microlensed by the stars. Such microlensing can cause potentially observable beating patterns on the waveform due to waveform superposition and magnify the signal. On the one hand, the beating patterns and magnification could lead to the first detection of a microlensed GW. On the other hand, microlensing introduces a systematic error in strong lensing use-cases, such as localization and cosmography studies. By numerically solving the lensing diffraction integral, we show that diffraction effects are important when we consider GWs in the LIGO frequency band lensed by objects with masses $\lesssim 100 \, \rm M_\odot$. We also show that the galaxy hosting the microlenses changes the lensing configuration qualitatively, so we cannot treat the microlenses as isolated point mass lenses when strong lensing is involved. We find that for stellar lenses with masses $\sim \! 1 \, \rm M_\odot$, diffraction effects significantly suppress the microlensing magnification. Thus, our results suggest that GWs lensed by typical galaxy or galaxy cluster lenses may offer a relatively clean environment to study the lens system, free of contamination by stellar lenses, which can be advantageous for localization and cosmography studies.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Dose-Response and Risk Factors for Obliteration of Arteriovenous Malformations Following Radiosurgery: An Update Based on the Last 20 Years of Published Clinical Evidence
Authors: Zhu Shaoyu , Brodin N Patrik , Garg Madhur K , LaSala Patrick A , Tomé Wolfgang A
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a congenital lesion that can potentially lead to devastating consequences if not treated. Many institutional cohort studies have reported on the outcomes after radiosurgery and factors associated with successful obliteration in the last few decades.

OBJECTIVE

To quantitatively assess the dose-response relationship and risk factors associated with AVM obliteration using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach.

METHODS

Data were extracted from reports published within the last 20 yr. The dose-response fit for obliteration as a function of marginal dose was performed using inverse-variance weighting. Risk factors for AVM obliteration were assessed by combining odds ratios from individual studies using inverse-variance weighting.

RESULTS

The logistic model fit showed a clear association between higher marginal dose and higher rates of obliteration. There appeared to be a difference in the steepness in dose-response when comparing studies with patients treated using Gamma Knife radiosurgery (Elekta), compared to linear accelerators (LINACs), and when stratifying studies based on the size of treated AVMs. In the risk-factor analysis, AVM obliteration rate decreases with larger AVM volume or AVM diameter, higher AVM score or Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade, and prior embolization, and increases with compact AVM nidus. No statistically significant associations were found between obliteration rate and age, sex, prior hemorrhage, prior aneurysm, and location eloquence.

CONCLUSION

A marginal dose above 18 Gy was generally associated with AVM obliteration rates greater than 60%, although lesion size, AVM score, SM grade, prior embolization, and nidus compactness all have significant impact on AVM obliteration rate.
Vegans report less mood disturbance than omnivores
Authors: Beezhold Bonnie , Schiappa Jessica
Published: February 2021

The vegetarian diet is increasingly perceived as an alternative for individuals seeking to improve their health. Vegans, particularly, have lower intakes of long‐chain n‐3 fats available primarily in fish that are critical for mental health. Recent studies investigating vegetarian mood have yielded conflicting results. We examined the relationship between self‐reported mood and intake of major plant sources of n‐3 fats (ALA) in adults attending a vegan festival. Participants (n=350) were surveyed regarding demographics, lifestyle, major ALA source intakes, and mood using the short Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Participants who reported mental disorders or use of psychotropic meds/supplements were excluded from analysis; participants were grouped according to reported animal food intake: vegans (VG n=132), vegetarians including fish (FISH n=36) or dairy/eggs (VEG n=90), and omnivores (OMN n=78). VG reported higher intakes of major ALA sources than OMN and VEG (p=.000 and p=.008; one‐way ANOVA). VG also reported lower mean anxiety and total scores than OMN (DASS‐A: 3.02±0.34 vs 4.97±.0.65, p=.014; DASS‐total:12.80±1.12 vs 19.10±2.06, p=.016). Soy intake was related to anxiety scores in vegans (r=.235, p=.008). Our data indicate that vegans have relatively high major ALA source intakes; factors influencing mood in vegans warrant further investigation. This research was supported by BenU Nutr Dept.
Disclosure after medical error
Authors: Spanakis Spiro G.
Published: February 2021

Purpose of review

Disclosure after medical error is a complex process that goes beyond a single provider and the patient. The types and severity of errors occurring in the practice of anesthesiology may have more implications for patients, requiring a thoughtful approach to the patient, their families and the healthcare system as a whole.

Recent findings

Tenants of the disclosure have been established. Simulation for trainees and practitioners allows for education and preparation for such events.

Despite education and systems-based improvements in quality and safety in medicine, errors will undoubtably occur. Communication with patients and their families after an event is key in maintaining trust in the therapeutic relationship. A concerted effort is required by a team to ensure a well-executed disclosure
Nervous Nipple: Pseudopolythelia Caused by a Neurofibroma of the Areola
Authors: Caputo Alessandro , Addesso Maria , D'Antonio Antonio
Published: February 2021

The presence of a supernumerary nipple inside the original areola is a rare condition termed intra-areolar polythelia. Rarely, a lesion can macroscopically resemble a nipple. We report a case of a solitary neurofibroma (by itself rare in the areola) mimicking a second, twin nipple. In this case, these 2 rare conditions merge resulting in pseudopolythelia. The relevant literature on polythelia and neurofibromas of the breast is briefly reviewed.
Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient With Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Bostan Ecem , Akdogan Neslihan , Gokoz Ozay
Published: February 2021

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare dermatologic disorder that is characterized by skin-colored-to-light brown flat, discrete or confluent papules resembling verruca plana. EV is divided into 2 forms: a classical genetic form and an acquired form. Classical genetic EV is caused by mutations in EVER1 and EVER2 genes. Acquired EV develops in immunocompromised patients such as HIV-positive patients and transplant recipients. Patients with a prior history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have tendency to develop generalized verrucosis. We report an extraordinary case of disseminated epidermodysplasia verruciformis seen in a 7-year-old boy diagnosed with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome who had undergone HSCT. He had plane, brown papules involving his face, forearms, neck, anterior chest, nape, back, and knees. Cutaneous biopsy showed typical characteristic findings of EV: large cells with gray–blue cytoplasm and keratohyaline granules of different sizes in the granular and spinous layers. Herein, we present an unusual case of disseminated EV in a HSCT patient with typical histopathologic findings and treatment options.
Genetics of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kim Jitae A. , Chelu Mihail G. , Li Na
Published: February 2021

Purpose of review

Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. In addition to traditional risk factors, it is increasingly recognized that a genetic component underlies atrial fibrillation development. This review aims to provide an overview of the genetic cause of atrial fibrillation and clinical applications, with a focus on recent developments.

Recent findings

Genome-wide association studies have now identified around 140 genetic loci associated with atrial fibrillation. Studies into the effects of several loci and their tentative gene targets have identified novel pathways associated with atrial fibrillation development. However, further validations of causality are still needed for many implicated genes. Genetic variants at identified loci also help predict individual atrial fibrillation risk and response to different therapies.

Continued advances in the field of genetics and molecular biology have led to significant insight into the genetic underpinnings of atrial fibrillation. Potential clinical applications of these studies include the identification of new therapeutic targets and development of genetic risk scores to optimize management of this common cardiac arrhythmia.