bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proximate and mineral analysis of Atlantic salmon (Salmo Salar) cultivated in Bulgaria
Authors: Atanasoff A. , Nikolov G. , Staykov Y. , Zhelyazkov G. , Sirakov I.
Published: October 2013

Problem statement: Only limited information exists on nutrients in salmonoids
meat in Bulgaria, which may to be different and vary to a greater extent than
the nutrient composition of other fish items. The present paper is aimed to
determine the proximate composition, macro and trace elements of Atlantic
salmon`s meat. These data could be helpful in judging the value of nutrient
composition data as a base for dietary recommendations. Organisms: 12 species
of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Approach: The aim of this study was to
determine the proximate composition and levels of iron, potassium, sodium,
calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, selenium and zinc in Atlantic salmon
cultivated for the first time in Bulgaria. The content of protein, fat and
ash and concentrations of iron, potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus,
magnesium, copper, selenium and zinc were determined by automatic systems and
electro thermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) after microwave
digestion. Mean values and their respective coefficients of variation were
calculated from the measured concentrations. Conclusion: In order to provide
an accurate overview and to be able to calculate reliable dietary intakes, it
is important to know the fish composition data.
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) as a potential link in the epidemiological chain mycoses originating from water reservoirs
Authors: Dynowska Maria , Meissner Włodzimierz , Pacyńska Justyna
Published: October 2013

Swabs sampled from beaks and cloaca of 123 live Mallard ducks (also referred to as wild ducks) were subjected to routine mycological diagnostics. Out of 246 samples analysed, positive results were noted in 210 (85.4%) cases. The taxonomic analysis revealed 30 species of yeast and yeast-like fungi and 24 species of mould fungi, included 35 classified to BSL categories. The most frequently isolated species were: Candida albicans, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, Cryptococcus neoformans, Cr. laurentii, Rhodotorula rubra, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, and Fusarium solani. The results demonstrated that wild duck breeding in the proximate vicinity of man constitutes a rich reservoir of potentially-pathogenic fungi and a significant link in epidemiology of many mycotic diseases.
Selected acute phase proteins, oxidative stress biomarkers, and antioxidants in aborting and non-aborting goats infected with Border disease virus
Authors: Balikci Engin , Yildiz Atilla , Gurdogan Fuat
Published: October 2013

Goats were grouped into three health categories based on the clinically and serologically proven cases: infected nonaborting (group A) (n = 10), infected aborting (group B) (n = 10), and non-infected (group C) (n = 10). In all groups, blood samples were collected and analysed for malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in plasma, haptoglobin (Hp) and amyloid A (SAA) in serum, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in erythrocytes. A statistically significant decrease in GSH-Px and SOD activities and increase in MDA, NO, Hp, and SAA levels were observed in groups A and B compared to group C. Additionally, MDA, NO, Hp, and SAA levels of the aborting goats were significantly higher, whereas SOD levels were lower than those of the non-aborting groups.
Toll-like receptor-4, but not toll-like receptor-2 mediates secretion of tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin-8 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse mammary epithelial cells
Authors: He Chang-Liang , Yi Qiong , Li Yuan-Fang , Yang Hang , Wang Lu
Published: October 2013

Mammary epithelial cells (MECs) from Kunming mice were isolated and stimulated in vitro with 10 μg/mL of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The release of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) into culture supernatants was measured by ELISA. Furthermore, blocking experiments with Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 antibodies were performed to verify whether cytokine secretion depended on LPS-induced activation of TLR2 or TLR4. The results revealed that LPS-stimulated mouse MECs significantly secreted TNF-α and IL-8. Blocking of the TLR4 pathway inhibited the secretion of TNF-α and IL-8, while inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-8 production was not observed when TLR2 was blocked. Thus, TLR4 can mediate the LPS-induced expression of cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-8 in mouse MECs.
Expression of p16 (INK4a), cytokeratin 19, and Ki-67 in canine laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kandefer-Gola Małgorzata , Ciaputa Rafał , Nowak Marcin , Madej Janusz A.
Published: October 2013

The study aimed at morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas and their metastases in canine lymph nodes and lungs. Tissue sections were stained using classical technique with haematoxylin and eosin. In addition, immunohistochemical studies were performed with p16, cytokeratin, and Ki-67 antibodies. An expression of all examined antigens was detected in laryngeal tumours, while in tumour metastases only expression of p16 protein and cytokeratin was demonstrated. The results pointed to higher proliferative potential of the primary tumour than of their metastases.
Effect of feeding genetically modified maize and soybean meal to sows on their reproductive traits, haematological indices and offspring performance
Authors: Świątkiewicz Małgorzata , Bednarek Dariusz , Markowski Jan , Hanczakowska Ewa , Kwiate Krzysztof
Published: October 2013

The effect of Roundup Ready MON-40-3-2 soybean meal and Bt maize MON810 on sows performance and haematological indices, including parameters of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and trombocytes, as well as the piglets rearing indices were evaluated in the experiment carried out on 24 sows and their progeny. After mating sows were divided into groups: I - control, conventional soybean meal and conventional maize; II - genetically modified (GM) soybean meal and conventional maize; III - conventional soybean meal and GM maize; IV - GM soybean meal and GM maize. All used feed mixtures were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic, however differed in presence or absence of genetically modified maize MON810 (5% for pregnant and 8% for lactating sows) and/or soybean meal MON-40-3-2 (4% for pregnant and 14% for lactating sows). Born piglets were allotted to the same group as their mothers. The study showed that feeding pregnant and lactating sows with mixtures containing genetically modified RR soybean or/and meal Bt maize did not significantly affect their reproductive characteristics and offspring performance. There was no effect of dietary treatment on haematological indices. Transfer of transgenic DNA from GM feed to blood was not confirmed.
Effectiveness of obstetric procedures in miniature dogs
Authors: Max Andrzej , Jurka Piotr
Published: October 2013

The aim of the study was to evaluate the course of labour, incidence, and causes of dystocia and effectiveness of obstetric aid for minimising the neonatal loss in bitches that belong to miniature breeds. Fifty parturitions proceeded under obstetric supervision from the first to last puppy born. Most of the bitches (n = 34) belonged to the Chihuahua breed. Others included Yorkshire terrier (n = 14), Shih Tzu (n = 1), and Miniature Schnauzer (n = 1). Obstetric procedures consisted of conservative aid in the form of medication, manual manipulations and combination of both, or caesarean section. The litter size was 3.58 on average. Dystocia occurred in 68% of cases, mostly caused by foetomaternal disproportion. The condition took place less frequently in multiparas than in primiparas. A caesarean section was performed in 20 cases (40%), while remaining 30 bitches delivered puppies through genital tract using manual assistance, oxytocin injections or both procedures simultaneously. The shortening of expulsive stage using conservative aid or timely performed caesarean section resulted in low stillbirth rate (5.59%). The kind of obstetric aid used in the study was related to the specificity of miniature dogs enabling successful conservative treatment. However, conservative obstetric procedures require skills, clinical experience, and are time-consuming. These may be the reasons for a frequent overuse of caesarean section. It was concluded that both surgical and conservative treatment methods, if chosen appropriately, are effective at the same level.
The EU Battlegroups (EUBGs) – a successful story or a paper tiger?
Authors: Šmaguc Beatrica
Published: October 2013

After decades of reliance upon NATO in security matters, the EU ought to develop security assets of its own in order to protect its interests and citizens. The Common Foreign and Security Policy as an expression of EU readiness and willingness to play a more significant role in security matters on the international stage led to the creation of the European Security and Defence Policy, thus putting at the EU’s disposal civilian and military capabilities for dealing with the crisis spots around the world. The EUBG concept originated with the first member states’ pledges in November 2004 which gave added value to the EU in the security and defence area, at least on paper, while so far no EUBG has been deployed in the theatre of operations.
Social Investment as a New Paradigm of Social Policy
Authors: Dudová Iveta
Published: October 2013

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the importance and potential benefits of social investment, particularly during times of economic imbalance. Social investment represents a new paradigm of social policy and a new approach to the economic challenges we are currently facing. The investigation concludes that this concept is based mainly on modernizing Europe’s social protection systems to ensure their sustainability, while enabling them to respond to new social needs. In times of crisis, the concept of social investment allows it to be seen in a new context as a new opportunity, because the crisis puts pressure on European countries to change their social models. In terms of long-term social policy, there must be a collective investment strategy that shapes the ability of individuals and families so that they can cope with new social risks and new economic conditions. A social investment pact should promote a positive path for the development of public policies in a situation where European states are facing budget deficits and a debt crisis. The modernizing of social policy requires that decisions on funding are led by results ex ante and systematically address the role of social policies in the various stages of an individual’s life.
Impact of CD133 positive stem cell proportion on survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Kase Marju , Minajeva Ave , Niinepuu Kristi , Kase Sandra , Vardja Markus , Asser Toomas , Jaal Jana
Published: October 2013

Background. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of CD133-positive (CD133+) cancer stem cell proportions on treatment results of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients.

Patients and methods. Patients with GBM (n = 42) received postoperative radiotherapy (± chemotherapy). Surgically excised GBM tissue sections were immunohistochemically examined for CD133 expression. The proportions of CD133+ GBM cells were determined (%). The proportion of CD133+ GBM stem cells was established by 2 independent researchers whose results were in good accordance (R = 0.8, p < 0.01). Additionally, CD133 expression levels were correlated with patients overall survival.

Results. The proportion of CD133+ cells varied between patients, being from 0.5% to 82%. Mean and median proportions of CD133+ cells of the entire study group were 33% ± 24% (mean ± SD) and 28%, respectively. Clinical data do not support the association between higher proportion of stem cells and the aggressiveness of GBM. Median survival time of the study group was 10.0 months (95% CI 9.0-11.0). The survival time clearly depended on the proportion of CD133+ cells (log rank test, p = 0.02). Median survival times for patients with low (< median) and high (≥ median) proportion of CD133+ cells were 9.0 months (95% CI 7.6-10.5) and 12.0 months (95% CI 9.3-14.7), respectively. In multivariate analysis, the proportion of CD133+ cells emerged as a significant independent predictor for longer overall survival (HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-3.8, p = 0.04).

Conclusions. In patients with higher stem cell proportion, significantly longer survival times after postoperative radiotherapy were achieved. Underlying reasons and possible higher sensitivity of GBM stem cells to fractionated radiotherapy should be clarified in further studies.
Effect of ionizing radiation on human skeletal muscle precursor cells
Authors: Jurdana Mihaela , Cemazar Maja , Pegan Katarina , Mars Tomaz
Published: October 2013

Background. Long term effects of different doses of ionizing radiation on human skeletal muscle myoblast proliferation, cytokine signalling and stress response capacity were studied in primary cell cultures.

Materials and methods. Human skeletal muscle myoblasts obtained from muscle biopsies were cultured and irradiated with a Darpac 2000 X-ray unit at doses of 4, 6 and 8 Gy. Acute effects of radiation were studied by interleukin - 6 (IL-6) release and stress response detected by the heat shock protein (HSP) level, while long term effects were followed by proliferation capacity and cell death.

Results. Compared with non-irradiated control and cells treated with inhibitor of cell proliferation Ara C, myoblast proliferation decreased 72 h post-irradiation, this effect was more pronounced with increasing doses. Post-irradiation myoblast survival determined by measurement of released LDH enzyme activity revealed increased activity after exposure to irradiation. The acute response of myoblasts to lower doses of irradiation (4 and 6 Gy) was decreased secretion of constitutive IL-6. Higher doses of irradiation triggered a stress response in myoblasts, determined by increased levels of stress markers (HSPs 27 and 70).

Conclusions. Our results show that myoblasts are sensitive to irradiation in terms of their proliferation capacity and capacity to secret IL-6. Since myoblast proliferation and differentiation are a key stage in muscle regeneration, this effect of irradiation needs to be taken in account, particularly in certain clinical conditions.
Gentrification on the Example of Suburban Parts of the Szczecin Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Foryś Iwona
Published: October 2013

Gentrification is a term first used by Ruth Glass in 1964 in reference to the process of taking over and revitalizing the degraded housing resources in the London Borough of Islington by their middle class owners. Ruth Glass discerned the impact of the improved living conditions in the gentrified area on ownership conditions, the appreciation of prices of land and houses, and changes in the social class structure. Nowadays, we can observe three types of changes taking place in gentrified parts of cities: economic, social and cultural ones.

The author of this article presents the evolution of gentrification and points out the advantages and threats brought about by this process, including its effect on urban space and real property prices. She identifies the gentrification processes in Poland and their social impact, and verifies the hypothesis that contemporary gentrification, apart from being a physical process, is above all, a social and cultural one. On the example of some parts of the Szczecin urban agglomeration, she shows that gentrification, extending into the suburbs and rural areas, results in irreversible changes in land use and social structure.
The free one-generated left distributive algebra: basics and a simplified proof of the division algorithm
Authors: Laver Richard , Miller Sheila
Published: October 2013

The left distributive law is the law a· (b· c) = (a·b) · (a· c). Left distributive algebras have been classically used in the study of knots and braids, and more recently free left distributive algebras have been studied in connection with large cardinal axioms in set theory. We provide a survey of results on the free left distributive algebra on one generator, A, and a new, simplified proof of the existence of a normal form for terms in A. Topics included are: the confluence of A, the linearity of the iterated left division ordering <L of A, the connections of A to the braid groups, and an extension P of A obtained by freely adding a composition operation. This is followed by a simplified proof of the division algorithm for P, which produces a normal form for terms in A and is a powerful tool in the study of A.
Imaging Approach to Malignant Bone Tumors
Authors: Subbarao K
Published: October 2013

Nepalese Journal of Radiology / Vol.3 / No.1 / Issue 4 / Jan-June, 2013 / 1-13 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v3i1.8712
Torsion of a Wandering Spleen Presenting as a Painful Pelvic Mass Post Pregnancy: Imaging Diagnosis
Authors: Abbey Pooja , Aarushi A , Andley M , Anand R
Published: October 2013

A ‘wandering’ spleen is an uncommon condition most often found in young women, and may be incidentally detected or present acutely with splenic torsion. We report the case of a young woman who noticed an abnormal suprapubic lump after her first pregnancy, and subsequently presented seven months later with acute pain and sudden increase in size of the mass due to torsion of a pelvic spleen. We highlight the typical ultrasound and CT (computed tomography) imaging findings which helped to make a confident pre-operative diagnosis. Splenectomy was performed and confirmed the development of splenic infarction. Nepalese Journal of Radiology / Vol.3 / No.1 / Issue 4 / Jan-June, 2013 / 84-88  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v3i1.8819
Encrucijadas del 98: Larreta y Rodó o el nacionalismo en el Río de la Plata
Authors: del Rocío Oviedo y Pérez de Tudela María
Published: October 2013

Résumé - Après la commotion de 1 898, ressentie différemment en Espagne et en Amérique, on constate de nombreuses coïncidences chez les idéologues des deux côtés de l'océan, qui, à partir de sources identiques, élaborent leur théorie de l'identité et de la nationalité.
Note sur un poème inédit de Bonifacio Byrne
Authors: Guicharnaud-Tollis Michèle
Published: October 2013

Résumé - Une autre dimension de 1898 : la désillusion de l'époque républicaine à Cuba. Recouvrance et analyse d'un poème inédit de Bonifacio Byrne, qui avait été le poète de la guerre d'Indépendance. Amère méditation poétique sur le destin de la nation cubaine.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AUTOMATIC PILOT FLIGHT ASSESSMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Masiulionis Tadas , Stankūnas Jonas
Published: October 2013

This article deals with the various aspects of automatic pilot flight assessment system methods. Different types of flight corridors are examined: circling, left and right superelevation drawing (number eight), and others. The advantages and disadvantages of each of them are discussed. Limit line calculations of the corridor turns are presented. The aim is to develop new flight assessment methods.
Synchronous and Asynchronous Interactions
Authors: Chow Anthony S.
Published: October 2013

This chapter explores similarities and differences between synchronous and asynchronous communication in online learning through the lens of both instructor and student using social communication, usability, and learning theory as conceptual frameworks. Each construct is defined and explored, with a discussion of how each is experienced by instructors and students. Online activity and user preferences are explained using concepts from usability and how the interactions, communications, and information processing differences lead to student learning as defined by contemporary learning theory. Best practices, within the context of available technology, are recommended.
Evolving Technology, Evolving Roles for Distance Education Librarians
Authors: Abbott Lisa , Kreszock Martha , Ochoa Louise , Purpur Geraldine
Published: October 2013

This chapter explores technologically driven changes to distance education librarianship and their impact on the job responsibilities of librarians. It examines the necessary skills in the areas of technology, communication, networking, and roles that have emerged in distance education librarianship both globally and at Appalachian State University (ASU). These include: virtual reference librarian, Web librarian, course-integrated and/or instructional librarian, avatar librarian, and marketing librarian. Also discussed are collaboration and leadership opportunities for distance education librarians within the library and campus-wide, as a result of knowledge and expertise gained from providing library support to distance education students. This chapter will be relevant to administrators and practitioners as they make choices concerning library science curricula, hiring, and continuing education decisions.
Technology Competencies
Authors: Luo Lili
Published: October 2013

This chapter presents a case study on how incoming students are prepared to be technologically competent at the School of Library and Information Science at San Jose State University. A one credit hour, self-paced course is offered that covers online instructional technologies students will be using to receive their education, helpful online information resources for their coursework, and skills that are essential to being able to learn in an online educational environment. Students were positive about the value of the course and considered it important to their success in the program. The peer mentors participating in the course were also positive about their role in helping new students receive this preparation. I am grateful to Debbie Faires and Emily Weak for their help in completing this work. Note: Transcriptions of students’ comments are entered verbatim.
The Master’s in Library and Information Studies Program via Distance at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
Authors: Shapiro Debra
Published: October 2013

A narrative history of the development of the online Master’s degree at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Library and Information Studies (SLIS), from its inception in collaboration with an Illinois public library system, to its current, fully online iteration is given. In addition, course delivery methods, from videoconferencing to Web-based methods, are outlined, and other details of the program are described.
The Effect of Online Distance Education on LIS Programs
Authors: Ballard Robert M. , Tang Yingqi
Published: October 2013

Distance education is experiencing rapid growth in academic institutions. Faculty and students accept Distance Education (DE) as an alternative to classroom instruction. In this chapter, the authors discuss emerging issues concerning DE and how they have affected traditional education in the LIS school. Regardless of the form of education delivered, the essential purposes of instruction remain unchanged: disseminating knowledge and providing quality education for students.
Blended Learning in a Digital Library Learning Programme
Authors: Virkus Sirje
Published: October 2013

This chapter introduces a blended learning approach within a joint international Erasmus Mundus master programme on Digital Library Learning (DILL) at the Institute of Information Studies (IIS) of Tallinn University. IIS has experimented with technology-based teaching and learning methods and tools since the early 1990s. The DILL programme has been designed to offer ways to integrate traditional strategies with methods offered by the current technology for teaching and learning. The pedagogic approach used advocates using a variety of technology and media for content delivery, communication, collaboration, and student support to meet the needs of diverse student groups and improve the quality of teaching. The chapter introduces using the virtual learning environment, social media tools, open educational resources, and video interactions with remote experts within this programme. A virtual collaboration initiative (Entrepreneurship Seminar on European Virtual Venturing) between the Ecole Supérieure d'Informatique, Réseaux et Systèmes d'Information (ITIN) in Cergy-Pontoise, France, and IIS in Spring 2010 and 2011 within the Human Resource Management Module of this programme is also considered.
Equity of Experience
Authors: Carroll Mary , Reynolds Sue , Terrell John , Welch Bernadette , Mercieca Paul
Published: October 2013

This chapter examines some of the issues encountered by academics while developing online delivery of the Master of Information Management (MIM) program at RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia. RMIT is a multi-campus university of technology and design founded in the 1880s as a “working man's college” and now operating in a global environment. This global context, along with the challenges confronting Australian higher education and professional training, means that considering the issues arising from the design, development, and delivery of non-traditional delivery modes, such as the online environment, is essential in the quest to provide sustainable quality education. The experience of the educators involved in developing the MIM program may assist others in creating similar programs and provide insights into issues associated with implementing best practice for online instruction.
Energy-Efficient Wireless Cellular Communications through Network Resource Dynamic Adaptation
Authors: Lorincz Josip
Published: October 2013

Cellular networks represent one of the major energy consumers of communication networks and their contribution to the global carbon footprint and energy consumption continuously and rapidly increases. Improving energy efficiency of the cellular access networks become an important requirement and has recently gained considerable attention of the research community and operators. In this paper, improving cellular networks energy efficiency through dynamic adaptation of network resources is presented with foundations which justify practical realization of such approach. Paper gives insight into how the traffic pattern variations and transmitted power scaling influence on the instantaneous power consumption of the base stations. Also, impact of the base stations Tx power on two prominent energy efficiency metrics of the cellular access network is discussed. Results of a proposed optimization approach which is based on dynamic adaptation of the base stations on/off activity and the transmitted power in accordance with the spatial and temporal variations of traffic are presented. According to obtained results, dynamic adaptation of network resources can offer significant monthly energy savings on the level of complete cellular access network.
The TREND Meter
Authors: Chiaraviglio Luca , Bruschi Roberto , Cianfrani Antonio , Ortiz Olga Maria Jaramillo , Koutitas George
Published: October 2013

In this paper the authors detail the TREND meter, a tool for monitoring the power and the utilization of networked devices. Their solution is based on standard measurements and data export methods. The TREND meter provides graphed energy consumption and load information of each measured device. After detailing the TREND meter architecture, the authors reported the main results that they had obtained by collecting measurements from a variety of devices. Their solution represents the starting point towards a more complex tool able to monitor a network infrastructure and to trigger energy saving techniques when traffic conditions change.
A Fig-Based Method for Prediction Alumina Concentration
Authors: Yi Jun , Peng Jun , Li Taifu
Published: October 2013

Existing prediction model can not be established accurately as a result of there is often a lot of redundant information in observed values of alumina concentration. A prediction method based on fuzzy information granulation for alumina concentration is proposed to solve above problem. In the proposed approach, theory of fuzzy information granulation was used to granulate time-series data of alumina cell. Granulated data can not only reflect the characteristics of original but also reduce redundant information. Support vector machine was employed as predictor. The experimental results using real data of 170KA operating aluminum cell from a factory demonstrate the efficiency of the designed method and the viability of the technique.
Assessing eLearning Systems Success
Authors: Edrees Mohamed E.
Published: October 2013

The traditional context of learning is experiencing a radical change. Along with the advancement of information technology, the electronic learning (eLearning) has played an important role in teaching and learning, which has become more and more popular not only in different levels of schools but also in various commercial or industrial companies. Measuring and evaluating eLearning systems have become a priority for both schools and commercial or industrial companies to justify investments, assess impacts, and better meet learner and teacher expectations. In context of eLearning, few studies have been conducted to assess the success of eLearning systems. This study provides the first empirical test for an adaption of Delone and McLean’s information systems success model considering both parts of the model, dimensions and relationships, to assess eLearning systems success from educators’ perspective. Data collected by questionnaire from 74 higher education educators that using eLearning systems in Bahrain was analyzed. Except for the link system quality to user satisfaction, the hypothesized relationships between the six success variables are significantly or marginally supported by the data. The findings show several important implications for eLearning research and practice.
Out-Coupling Efficiency Improvement in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Inverted Pyramid Glass Substrates
Authors: Yan Rong , Wang Jun , Li Wei Zhi , Wang Chong
Published: October 2013

The external quantum efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) was suppressed by the wave guide mode in the glass substrate and organic layers. In this paper, a mechanism is developed to simulate the optical luminous field for OLEDs based on inverted pyramid substrate structure. Monte Carlo method was used to optimize the structural parameters to enhance the external quantum efficiency of device by changing the substrate structure. A considerable enhancement in the extraction efficiency of the OLED is expected theoretically, and near 42% out-coupling efficiency was achieved in experiment without affecting the electroluminescent spectrum.
Evaluation Study on Mechanical Properties of Submarine Structural Steel at High Temperatures
Authors: Kwon In Kyu , Kim Hyung Jun , Kim Heung Youl , Cho Bum Yean , Cho Kyung Suk
Published: October 2013

Steel framed structures have been increasingly built in Korea since the early 1970s and the use of submarine structural steel is being increased thanks to the easiness in welding and superior seismic performance. But, the risk of fire outbreak goes up because of the increase in fire load density. The evaluation of the structural stability of the structural frames at high temperatures can be done based on the mechanical properties of the applied steel at the high temperatures. In this paper, in order to get the fundamental data as to the structural stability of the steel frames built with submarine structural steel at high temperatures, coupon tests for SM 400, SM 490 and SM 520 at high temperatures were conducted and the results were compared with each other and with those of the euro-code for verification.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sintered Fibrous Monolith Cemented Carbide
Authors: Liu Xue Quan , Ding Cun Guang , Li Chang Hai , Li Yi , Li Li Xin , Li Jin Pu
Published: October 2013

A fibrous monolith cemented carbide with WC-6Co as cell and WC-20Co as cell boundaries was produced through hot co-extrusion process in this paper. The density, hardness, bending strength and fracture toughness of the fibrous monolith cemented carbide were tested, and the fracture and crack propagation were observed by metalloscope and SEM. The results showed that the bending strength and fracture toughness of the fibrous monolith cemented carbides was remarkably improved 71.91% and 45.7% respectively, while the hardness was slightly decreased 1% compared with WC-6Co composites. It is the reason that the tougher shell WC-20Co with higher bending strength and fracture toughness can absorb more fracture energy, which can slow down and prevent the crack propagating from brittle core WC-6Co.
Experimental Study on the Hydrogen Storage Properties of LaNi5 Alloy in Repeated Hydriding/Dehydriding Cycles
Authors: Cao Xin Xin , Yang Fu Sheng , Wu Zhen , Wang Yu Qi , Zhang Zao Xiao
Published: October 2013

LaNi5 alloy is one of the promising materials for hydrogen storage. It has good activation property, fast reaction rate and moderate plateau pressure. However, some of its hydrogen storage properties will change after repeated hydriding/dehydriding cycles, which limits its practical application. Therefore, this paper investigated the cycling properties of LaNi5 alloy by volumetric method. The results showed that the reaction rate increased with cycling. The hydriding/dehydriding hydrogen content decreased with cycling. For hydriding reaction, the equilibrium pressure increased with cycling, while it decreased for dehydriding at 40°C and 60°C. After 100 cycles, the LaNi5 alloy has been severely pulverized and oxygenated. The oxidation products include LaNiO2, La2NiO4, La2NiO4.18 and LaNiO3. The JMA model was found to fit the kinetic data well, suggesting a nucleation and growth controlling mechanism. The intrinsic reaction rate constant ka increases from 21.87 s-1to 24.81 s-1, while the activation energy decreases from the initial value of 19459 to 19373 J/mol after 100 cycles.
Fatigue Reliability Analysis of Connecting Rod Made of Powder and Steel Forging Material
Authors: Ye Jian , Gao Wei , Liu Chun Wu , Zeng Zhao Qiang
Published: October 2013

A three dimensional model of connecting rod has been made and drawn meshes. The load and boundary conditions were determined and the stress was calculated with finite element software. Safety of connecting rod was discussed using the safe coefficient. The rod made of powder forging is better in mechanical and technological properties.
Studies on Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction Technology of Flavonoid from Orange Peel
Authors: Min Li Jing , Zhao Min Xing
Published: October 2013

[ObjectivTo study the extraction technology of flavonoids from orange peel in order to provide some theoretical guidance for the industrial production of flavonoids from orange peel. [Metho Taking orange peel as raw material, which was citrus fruit processing waste and the flavonoid yield as index, with ultrasonic assisted extraction, through single factor experiments and orthogonal tests to optimization of the extraction technology, obtain optimum process conditions of orange flavonoid by ultrasonic assisted extraction. [Result As for ultrasonic assisted extraction, the yield of orange flavonoid reached 9.6% under extraction conditions of extracting time 30 min, alcohol concentration 60%, sedimentation ratio 1:25.
Microwave Promoted Synthesis of 2-(1H-Benzoimidazol-2-Yl-4-Phenol)-5-Aryl-1,3,4-Oxadiazoles
Authors: Lei Ying Jie , Li Hao , Ding Mei , Wu Xin Shi
Published: October 2013

A series of 2-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl-4-phenol)-5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles by the reaction of 3-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid, prepared from 3-formyl-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid and o-phenylendiamine in the presence of sodium bisulfite, with (un) substituted benzoic acid hydrazides using PEG supported dichlorophosphate as dehydration reagent under microwave-accelerated solvent-free condition has been developed. Structures of the corresponding products were elucidated by IR and 1HNMR spectra and elemental analysis.
Microstructural Characterization in Metallurgical Grade Silicon after Treatment by CaO-SiO2 and Na2O-SiO2 Slags
Authors: Fang Ming , Lu Cheng Hao , Huang Liu Qing , Lai Hui Xian , Chen Juan , Li Jin Tang , Ma Wen Hui , Shen Jian Ning , Sheng Zhi Lin , Luo Xue Tao
Published: October 2013

The microstructure and impurities distribution in metallurgical grade silicon with treated by CaO-SiO2 and Na2O-SiO2 slags were investigated. An exhaustive analysis of the transformation of precipitated phase at grain boundaries has been carried out. Prior to slag treatment, Si-Fe system intermetallic was the primary precipitated phase in metalllurgical grade silicon. After treated by CaO-SiO2 slag, Si-Ca system intermetallic became the main precipitated phase, such as Si-Ca, Si-Ca-Ti, Si-Ca-Al and Si-Fe-Ca. But Na2O-SiO2 slag had another result on refining metallurgical grade silicon; only Si-Fe-Ti phase was generated in precipitated phase and the low level of sodium in treated silicon was obtained.
Effects of Mg2+  and Ti4+ Doping on Performance of LiFePO4 for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Xiao Peng , Yang Chao , Yao Yao Chun
Published: October 2013

Stoichiometric Mg2+and Ti4+with different proportions were doped to prepare the LiFe1-x-yMgxTiyPO4cathode materials by high temperature solid state method. The samples were investigated with XRD, SEM and charge/discharge measurements. Results show that doping of Mg2+and Ti4+distinctly changes the paticle sizes and morphologies, which leads to a improvement of electrochemical performance. The mix-doped LiFe0.98Mg0.01Ti0.01PO4material shows the best electrochemical performance due to its smaller crystalline particles and lower the polarization. At the discharge rate of 0.1C, the initial specific capacity of LiFe0.98Mg0.01Ti0.01PO4is 105.78 mAh·g-1, its high-rate performance is also better.
Synthesis of Core-Shell Cu-Au Nanoparticles via a Redox-Transmetalation Method in Reverse Microemulsion
Authors: Jing Jun Jie , Xie Ji Min , Chen Gao Yuan , Li Wen Hua , Zhang Ming Mei
Published: October 2013

Core-shell Cu-Au nanoparticles were chemically synthesized through a redox-transmetalation method in reverse microemulsion. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the presence of crystalline gold and copper and the absence of any copper oxides or other byproducts. The core shell structure could be clearly observed by the transmission electron microscope (TEM). In addition, the Cu cores and the gold shells were further verified by the high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The diameter of the nanoparticles ranged from 15 to 25 nm, with 5-10 nm core diameters and 10-15 nm shell thickness. The UV-visible absorption spectra of these nanoparticles showed a red shift (relative to pure gold nanoparticles), also in agreement with the gold shell morphology.
Research on Condensing Lining Structure of Large Scale Submerged-Arc Furnace for Ferronickel Production
Authors: Jia Yan Hua , Zeng Shi Lin , Nong Wei Jian , Chen Fang , Chen Qi Zhi , Ruan Fu Xian , Huang Ke Lin , Xie Qing Ruo
Published: October 2013

In China, the application of condensing lining in submerged arc furnace for producing high-carbon ferromanganese started with the introduction of Ucar technology from USA through Shanxi Yi Wang Ferroalloy Co. Ltd. At present, the technology and service can be also provided by Henan Fang Yuan Group. However, it is still applied in submerged arc furnace for producing high-carbon ferromanganese. The application of condensing lining in large-scale submerged arc furnace for producing ferronickel is still in the exploration stage. In this article, based on communicating with technician worked in ferronickel corporation, enterprises devoted effort to the research & development of condensing lining and summarizing nickel iron production experiences, referenced advices for structure and design of condensing lining were put forward.
The Mechanical Properties for the Attenuation of Shock Wave Interaction with Watery Foam Material
Authors: Zhou Jie , Tao Gang
Published: October 2013

For understanding the dynamic behavior of watery cellular foam subject to a shock wave, this paper through experiments, to gain a deeper understanding of the incidence, reflection and transmission of a shock wave when it interacted with watery foam. Moreover, by analyzing the loss of the peak overpressure and positive impulse, we were able to respectively know the positive impulse of the incidence, reflection and transmission shock wave. The experimental results indicated that the attenuation capability for watery foam to the shock wave was caused by the internal friction and the water atomization, which would absorb the energy of the shock wave. Therein, the higher percentage of water in the cellular foam, the more obvious attenuation phenomenon for the shock wave was presented. However, the mechanical processes of cellular foam with different water percentages subject to the shock wave were not completely consistent.
Cubic-Shaped Al-Doping MgO Powders Used in PDPs
Authors: Xiao Jian Ting , Li Jun Jian , Yin Yi , Lin Zu Lun , Qi Kang Cheng , Wang Xiao Ju , Cao Gui Chuan
Published: October 2013

In order to improve the secondary electron emission coefficient of MgO, we propose to dope Al into MgO. The precursor was obtained by hydrothermal method in the condition of different reaction temperature, different filling volume and different reaction time by using urea, Mg (CH3COO)2and AlCl3. The Al-doping MgO crystallites powders were obtained by calcining the precursor. The crystal phase and morphology of the products were characterized by XRD and SEM. The results showed that the Al-doping MgO powders were cubic-shaped crystallites. The discharge characteristics of Al-doping MgO powders were tested in a chamber as when the panel was sealed in Ne and 7% Xe at 450 torr. As expected, the discharge voltage of the panel is lower with the Al-doping MgO protective layer than without that.
Effects of Gas Property on Quality of NiCoCrAlY Coating by Cold Gas Dynamic Spraying
Authors: Feng Sheng Qiang , Ma Bing , Wang Xiu Ling , Ling Guo Ping
Published: October 2013

Known from the gas dynamic model of cold spraying, the properties of process gas including gas temperature, gas pressure and gas source have great influence on the critical velocity of powder. The influences of the three kinds of gas properties on the quality of the NiCoCrAlY coating on the magnesium substrate by the experiments of the cold gas dynamic spraying were discussed in this study. The results of the experiments show that, when the pressure value of process gas is 3.5MPa, the density of the coating is perfect, and there are obvious layered structures. The porosity is only 0.45%. The influence of gas temperature on the coating quality is the influence of that on the oxygen content. When the temperature of the process gas is confined to 600°C~700°C, the oxygen content is low and the coating comprehensive quality is best. On the premise that other parameters are kept constant, when nitrogen and helium gas are used together, the coating quality is better.
Mechanical Milling and its Influence on Microstructure and Electric Conductivity of High Mass Fraction TiC / Cu Composites
Authors: Yan Jie , Jiang Kai Yong
Published: October 2013

The TiC-Cu composites with different mass fraction were prepared by powder metallurgy method. The effect of ball milling time and sintering temperature on the morphology, relative density and electrical conductivity of TiC/Cu composites has been investigated. As-milled sintered compacts were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and conductivity measurements. The results demonstrate that under laboratory conditions with the milling time increasing grains are remarkable refined. Mechanical milling can bring about changes of lattice parameters, the grain size first decrease and then increase as milling time increasing. Relative density showed strong dependency on the milling time. The effect of the grain being refined by ball milling is helpless to improve electrical conductivity of composites. For the composites with TiC content<50wt.%, as milling time prolonging the electric conductivity decreases while for the 50%TiC-Cu the conductivity are not be impacted.
A New Method for Measuring the Soil-Water Retention Curve of Red Clay
Authors: Chen Pan , Wei Chang Fu
Published: October 2013

Red clay is normally used in the area of Guangxi for roadbed filling and slope overburden. The engineering properties of red clay are closely related with the hydraulic characteristics. A new rapid method is adopted for measuring the soil-water retention curve of the red clay based on the dynamic multi-step outflow tests. The static soil-water retention curve is obtained through the non-equilibrium changes of soil-water under each step of matric suction. Compared with the traditional measured methods, the new method can save much time for determining the hydraulic characteristic functions, especially for clay soils. Several experiments are done under different suction steps and load time on the same red clay sample for verifying the effectiveness of the new rapid method. The experimental results show that the static soil-water data are largely dependent on the initial several suction steps and load time in the dynamic multi-step outflow tests. If the suitable loading scheme is adopted in the dynamic multi-step outflow method, the time can be saved greatly for obtaining the soil-water characteristic curve and hydraulic conductivity function of red clay. The significance of the rapid method will great for the engineering design and evaluation related with unsaturated red clay.
Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of TP347H Austenitic Stainless Steels at Room Temperature
Authors: Zhou Hong Wei , He Yi Zhu , Cen Yu Wan , Jiang Jian Qing
Published: October 2013

Low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were performed with different strain amplitudes from 0.4% to 1.2% at room temperature (RT) to investigate fatigue life and fracture morphology of TP347H austenitic stainless steels. The results show that there is initial cyclic hardening for a few cycles, followed by continuous softening until fatigue failure at all strain amplitudes in stress response curves. The fatigue life of the steels follows the strain-life Coffin-Manson law. Fracture morphology shows that fatigue cracks initiate from the specimen free surface instead of the interior of the specimen, and ductile fracture appears during LCF loading. More sites of crack initiation and quicker propagation rate of fatigue crack at high strain amplitudes than those at low strain amplitudes are responsible for reduced fatigue life with the increasing of strain amplitude.
Electron Transitions between Grain Boundaries in the (La1.85Sr0.15CuO4)1-x(La0.5Sr0.5MnO3)x Composites
Authors: Dong Xue Guang , Zhang Hong Guang , Li Yong Tao , Liu Hao , Chen Kai , Hou Qing Teng , Li Qi
Published: October 2013

The composites of polycrystalline (La1.85Sr0.15CuO4)1-x(La0.5Sr0.5MnO3)x were prepared by solid state reaction method. By means of X-ray absorption spectroscopy, it is found that electrons can transit at grain boundaries from La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 to La0.5Sr0.5MnO3. Additional holes are formed in La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 when the electron transitions happen. The experimental results of both X-ray absorption near edge structure and extended X-ray absorption fine structure excluded the possibility of that the electron transitions are induced by local lattice structure. According to the X-ray absorption experimental results of O K-edge of the La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 and La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 materials, a possible mechanism of the electron transitions and a phenomenological model of the band structure around Fermi level are proposed to explain the transition behavior.