bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stellar mass-metallicity relation throughout the large-scale structure of the Universe: CAVITY mother sample
Authors: Domínguez-Gómez Jesús , Pérez Isabel , Ruiz-Lara Tomás , Peletier Reynier F. , Sánchez-Blázquez Patricia , Lisenfeld Ute , Bidaran Bahar , Falcón-Barroso Jesús , Alcázar-Laynez Manuel , Argudo-Fernández María , Blázquez-Calero Guillermo , Courtois Hélène , Duarte Puertas Salvador , Espada Daniel , Florido Estrella , García-Benito Rubén , Jiménez Andoni , Kreckel Kathryn , Relaño Mónica , Sánchez-Menguiano Laura , van der Hulst Thijs , van de Weygaert Rien , Verley Simon , Zurita Almudena
Published: December 2023

Context. Void galaxies are essential for understanding the physical processes that drive galaxy evolution because they are less affected by external factors than galaxies in denser environments, that is, in filaments, walls, and clusters. The stellar metallicity of a galaxy traces the accumulated fossil record of the star formation through the entire life of the galaxy. A comparison of the stellar metallicity of galaxies in various environments, including voids, filaments, walls, and clusters can provide valuable insights into how the large-scale environment affects the chemical evolution of the galaxy.

Aims. We present the first comparison of the relation of the total stellar mass versus central stellar metallicity between galaxies in voids, filaments, walls, and clusters with different star formation history (SFH) types, morphologies, and colours for stellar masses between 108.0 to 1011.5 solar masses and redshift 0.01 < z < 0.05. We aim to better understand how the large-scale structure affects galaxy evolution by studying the stellar mass-metallicity relation of thousands of galaxies, which allows us to make a statistically sound comparison between galaxies in voids, filaments, walls, and clusters.

Methods. We applied non-parametric full spectral fitting techniques (pPXF and STECKMAP) to 10 807 spectra from the SDSS-DR7 (987 in voids, 6463 in filaments and walls, and 3357 in clusters) and derived their central mass-weighted average stellar metallicity ([M/H]M).

Results. We find that galaxies in voids have slightly lower stellar metallicities on average than galaxies in filaments and walls (by ∼0.1 dex), and they are much lower than those of galaxies in clusters (by ∼0.4 dex). These differences are more significant for low-mass (∼109.25 M⊙) than for high-mass galaxies, for long-timescale SFH (extended along time) galaxies than for short-timescale SFHs (concentrated at early times) galaxies, for spiral than for elliptical galaxies, and for blue than for red galaxies.
Modeling the propagation of coronal mass ejections with COCONUT: Implementation of the regularized Biot-Savart law flux rope model
Authors: Guo J. H. , Linan L. , Poedts S. , Guo Y. , Lani A. , Schmieder B. , Brchnelova M. , Perri B. , Baratashvili T. , Ni Y. W. , Chen P. F.
Published: December 2023

Context. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are rapid eruptions of magnetized plasma that occur on the Sun. They are known to be the main drivers of adverse space weather. The accurate tracking of their evolution in the heliosphere in numerical models is of the utmost importance for space weather forecasting.

Aims. The main objective of this paper is to implement the regularized Biot-Savart law (RBSL) method in a new global corona model, called COCONUT. This approach has the capability to construct the magnetic flux rope with an axis of arbitrary shape.

Methods. We present the implementation process of the RBSL flux rope model in COCONUT, which is superposed onto a realistic solar wind reconstructed from the observed magnetogram around the minimum of solar activity. Based on this, we simulate the propagation of an S-shaped flux rope from the solar surface to a distance of 25 R⊙.

Results. Our simulation successfully reproduces the birth process of a CME originating from a sigmoid in a self-consistent way. The model effectively captures various physical processes and retrieves the prominent features of the CMEs in observations. In addition, the simulation results indicate that the magnetic topology of the CME flux rope at around 20 R⊙ deviates from a coherent structure and manifests as a mix of open and closed field lines with diverse footpoints.

Conclusions. This work demonstrates the potential of the RBSL flux rope model in reproducing CME events that are more consistent with observations. Moreover, our findings strongly suggest that magnetic reconnection during the CME propagation plays a critical role in destroying the coherent characteristics of a CME flux rope.
Electron moments derived from the Mercury Electron Analyzer during the cruise phase of BepiColombo
Authors: Rojo M. , Persson M. , Sauvaud J.-A. , Aizawa S. , Nicolaou G. , Penou E. , Barthe A. , André N. , Mazelle C. , Fedorov A. , Yokota S. , Saito Y. , Heyner D. , Richter I. , Auster U. , Schmid D. , Fischer D. , Horbury T. , Owen C. J. , Maksimovic M. , Khotyaintsev Y. , Louarn P. , Murakami G.
Published: December 2023

Aims. We derive electron density and temperature from observations obtained by the Mercury Electron Analyzer on board Mio during the cruise phase of BepiColombo while the spacecraft is in a stacked configuration.

Methods. In order to remove the secondary electron emission contribution, we first fit the core electron population of the solar wind with a Maxwellian distribution. We then subtract the resulting distribution from the complete electron spectrum, and suppress the residual count rates observed at low energies. Hence, our corrected count rates consist of the sum of the fitted Maxwellian core electron population with a contribution at higher energies. We finally estimate the electron density and temperature from the corrected count rates using a classical integration method. We illustrate the results of our derivation for two case studies, including the second Venus flyby of BepiColombo when the Solar Orbiter spacecraft was located nearby, and for a statistical study using observations obtained to date for distances to the Sun ranging from 0.3 to 0.9 AU.

Results. When compared either to measurements of Solar Orbiter or to measurements obtained by HELIOS and Parker Solar Probe, our method leads to a good estimation of the electron density and temperature. Hence, despite the strong limitations arising from the stacked configuration of BepiColombo during its cruise phase, we illustrate how we can retrieve reasonable estimates for the electron density and temperature for timescales from days down to several seconds.
Feedback from protoclusters does not significantly change the kinematic properties of the embedded dense gas structures
Authors: Zhou J. W. , Dib S. , Wyrowski F. , Liu T. , Li S. H. , Sanhueza P. , Juvela M. , Xu F. W. , Liu H. L. , Baug T. , Peng Y. P. , Menten K. M. , Bronfman L.
Published: December 2023

A total of 64 ATOMS sources at different evolutionary stages were selected to investigate the kinematics and dynamics of gas structures under feedback. We identified dense gas structures based on the integrated intensity map of H13CO+ J = 1−0 emission, and then extracted the average spectra of all the structures to investigate their velocity components and gas kinematics. For the scaling relations between the velocity dispersion, σ, the effective radius, R, and the column density, N, of all the structures, σ − N * R always has a stronger correlation compared to σ − N and σ − R. There are significant correlations between velocity dispersion and column density, which may imply that the velocity dispersion originates in gravitational collapse, also revealed by the velocity gradients. The measured velocity gradients for dense gas structures in early-stage sources and late-stage sources are comparable, indicating gravitational collapse through all evolutionary stages. Late-stage sources do not have large-scale hub-filament structures, but the embedded dense gas structures in late-stage sources show similar kinematic modes to those in early- and middle-stage sources. These results may be explained by the multi-scale hub-filament structures in the clouds. We quantitatively estimated the velocity dispersion generated by the outflows, inflows, ionized gas pressure, and radiation pressure, and found that the ionized gas feedback is stronger than other feedback mechanisms. However, although feedback from HII regions is the strongest, it does not significantly affect the physical properties of the embedded dense gas structures. Combined with the conclusions in our previous work on cloud-clump scales, we suggest that although feedback from cloud to core scales will break up the original cloud complex, the substructures of the original complex can be reorganized into new gravitationally governed configurations around new gravitational centers. This process is accompanied by structural destruction and generation, and changes in gravitational centers, but gravitational collapse is always ongoing.
GDF9 gene polymorphism and its relation to litter size in East Java Pote goat germplasm
Authors: Imaniah Nida’ul Husna , Susilorini Tri Eko , Kuswati Kuswati , Wahyuni Rini Dwi
Published: December 2023

Pote goat is one of the local Indonesian goats from Bangkalan, Madura, which has not been clumped. Procurement of Pote goat breeds as germplasm in enriching genetic diversity can be done by genetic selection. This study aims to identify the GDF9 gene associated with litter size traits of Pote goats. The materials used in this study were 48 female goats that had given birth with a range of permanent incicivi (0,1,2,3,4), and with healthy conditions. This research method uses survey methods and observations in the laboratory. Sampling was done by purposive sampling. Pote goat blood samples were taken from a smallholder farm in Soket Laok Village, Bangkalan Regency, Madura, East Java. GDF9 gene has a length of 490 bp. DNA fragments were amplified and genotyped using PCR-RFLP method using Msp1 restriction enzyme. This study resulted in two genotype types (AG, and GG), and two alleles (A and G). Genotype frequencies of AG, and GG were 0.40, and 0.60. The frequencies of alleles A and G are 0.40 and 0.80. The a.2912 A>G mutation was significant with the litter size. The results showed an association between GDF9 gene diversity found with litter size traits in Pote goats (p<0.05). Polymorphisms in the GDF9 gene are associated with litter size of Pote goats, and can be used as genetic markers for selection on the litter size trait of Pote goats.
Evaluation of Gynura procumbens cutting cultivation using miko-seedcookies
Authors: Mulyati Welas Sri , Karti Panca Dewi Manu Hara , Martin Rima Shidqiyya Hidayati , Kumalasari Nur Rochmah
Published: December 2023

This research was conducted to evaluate the growth and production of Gynura procumbens with the miko-seedcookies addition usage. This research was use a randomized block design (RBD) with four treatments of miko-seedcookies diameter which included P0 (control), P1 (4 cm), P2 (5 cm), and P3 (6 cm) and five blocks which included K1, K2, K3, K4, K5. The research used 120 Gynura procumbens stem cuttings with an average diameter of 1.30 ± 0.13 cm and a planting length of 19.07 cm. The parameters were the percentage of germinating cuttings, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight, and mycorrhizal colonization. The results showed that the miko-seedcookies utilization increased plant height; number of leaves; fresh weight of shoot, mature leaves, edible stems; dry weight of mature leaves, edible stems; and mycorrhizae colonization. The use 6 diameter of miko-seedcookies could enhance the growth, production, and mycorrhizae colonization continuously.
The use of gambier as a tanner for fur-tanned rabbit skin
Authors: Andini Roselini Agustia , Pertiwiningrum Ambar , Abidin Mohammad Zainal
Published: December 2023

Rabbit fur skin is an exotic skin group and a by-product of slaughtering animal houses. The tanning process is a process for processing. This vegetable tanning can be used as vegetable tanning materials derived from materials obtained from nature. examples of vegetable tanners are gambier and mimosa. The material used for research was rabbit fur 15 pieces and gambier. The research used in this experiment was a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications, and there were significant influences would be tested by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test Method. The treatment of this research used mimosa 4% (T0), gambier 3% (T1), 4% (T2), 5% (T3) dan 6% (T4). The result showed that using gambier as tanning material has a significant effect on tensile strength, tear strength, thickness, and flexibility. The best result of this research was T4 using 6% of gambier as a tanning agent. The tanned skin had 34,43 N/mm2 tensile strength, 8,25 Kg/cm, tear strength of 2,33 mm thickness, and 77,09% flexibility. The conclusion of this research is gambier can be added as a tanning agent for rabbit fur and gives good quality.
The physical quality of cream cheese influenced by the addition of encapsulated Lactococcus lactis
Authors: Mei Figaliah Feronika , Manab Abdul , Eirry Sawitri Manik , Dewi Andriani Ria
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to determine the best treatment of Lactococcus lactis encapsulated with gelatin and Na-Alginat at different concentrations of : T_0 0% had (w/v); T_1 1% had (w/v); T_2 2% had (w/v), and T_3 3% had (w/v). The research was conducted in Animal Product Technology Laboratory. The material used was cream cheese made from pasteurized milk and added Lactococcus lactis starter culture encapsulated. Lactococcus lactis starter was obtained from the Center for Food and Nutrition Studies, Gadjah Mada University, encapsulated with Haqiqi brand beef gelatin and Food Grade brand Na-alginate. The method of this research was an experimentally designed completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications. The parameter observed in this research were water content, water binding power, syneresis, free oil, emulsion stability, emulsion activity, emulsion index, and turbidity of cream cheese. The result showed that the addition of Lactococcus lactis encapsulated did not have a significant effect on water content, water binding power, syneresis, free oil, emulsion stability, emulsion activity, emulsion index, and turbidity of cream cheese (P>0.05). It can be concluded that the best cream cheese was achieved with the addition of 3% Lactococcus lactis encapsulated with the 55.11% water content, 76.80% water holding capacity, 19.03% syneresis, 45.28% free oil respectively, 64.88% emulsion stability, 1.54 m^2/g emulsion activity, 3,68% emulsion index, and 2.19% turbidity.
Associations between polymorphisms in the growth hormone locus and reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle in Pujon
Authors: Dzikrullah A. , Budiarto Agus , Maylinda Sucik
Published: December 2023

Selection using genetic markers (MAS) is carried out in an effort to accelerate livestock breeding programs, through molecular studies individual superior livestock can be detected earlier so that the selection program can be directed and controlled. This study aims to analyze genetic diversity at the growth hormone locus that is thought to have a relationship with reproductive and production traits in Friesian Holstein Crossed (FHC) dairy cattle through the polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) method. The study was conducted in Pujon subdistrict using 53 FHC cattle samples. The results showed that at the GH gene locus only one genotype was found, AA with an allele frequency of 1.00. Based on these results, it was concluded that the GH gene in FHC cattle is monomorphic. The information in this study can be used as a reference in formulating livestock breeding programs.
The effect of leguminous leaf meal substitution as a tannin source in complete feed on Rumen Degradable Protein (RDP), Rumen Undegradable Protein (UDP), and Digestible Energy (DE) using in vitro analysis
Authors: Chuzaemi Siti , Mashudi Mashudi , Ndaru Poespitasari Hazanah , Sudarwati Herni , Agustina Lilia Putri
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to assess the impact of substituting concentrate with leguminous leaf meal as a source of tannins in complete feed on Rumen Degradable Protein (RDP), Rumen Undegradable Protein (UDP), and Digestible Energy (DE) content in vitro. The complete feeds were formulated using ingredients such as corn stover, soybean meal, copra meal, cassava meal, rice bran, pollard, molasses, minerals, calliandra meal, gamal meal, and indigofera meal. The experiment included ten treatments, each replicated three times. The treatments were as follows: T1 complete feed (60% corn stover + 40% concentrate), T2 complete feed (60% corn stover + (35% concentrate + 5% calliandra meal), T3 complete feed (60% corn stover + (35 % concentrate) + 5% indigofera meal), complete feed T4 (60% corn stover + (35% concentrate + 5% gamal meal), T5 complete feed (60% corn stover + (30% concentrate + 10% calliandra meal), T6 complete feed (60% corn stover + (30% concentrate + 10% indigofera meal), complete feed T7 (60% corn stover + (30% concentrate + 10% gamal meal), complete feed T8 (60% corn stover + (25 ) % concentrate + 15% calliandra meal), complete feed T9 (60% corn stover + (25% concentrate + 15% indigofera meal), complete feed T10 (60% corn stover + (25% concentrate + 15% gamal meal). The conclusion of this study reveals that the addition of 15% calliandra meal reduced RDP by 46.56% and increased UDP by 53.44%. Furthermore, the inclusion of 15% gliricidia meal led to an increase in DE value by 3.46 MJ/KgDM.
Multi-group analysis of Minor Actinides transmutation in a Fusion Hybrid Reactor
Authors: Murgo Stefano , Ciotti Marco , Lomonaco Guglielmo , Pompeo Nicola , Panza Fabio
Published: December 2023

New nuclear technologies are currently being study to face High Level Waste treatment and disposal issues. Generally, GEN-IV fission Fast Reactors (FR) are considered the waste-burners of the future. In fact, a fast flux turns out to be the best choice for actinides irradiation in critical reactors because of favorable cross section conditions. Differently, Fusion Fission Hybrid Reactors (FFHR) are futuristic devices based on the combination of fusion and fission systems and could represent an alternative to FRs. In such systems, the choice spectrum of the neutron flux that irradiates HLW may be non-obvious due to some operational constraints which have to be considered. To design and optimize these systems as waste-burners, one should fully understand the transmutation dynamics occurring into the fission region. A multi-energy-group analysis by FISPACT-II code has been set to analyze the conversion processes in scenarios characterized by different neutron energy spectra and fluences. The results of this study show that, despite fast fluxes are characterized by better behaviors in terms of radiotoxicity treatment, the difficulties of reaching high reaction yields may require solutions involving moderators or broadened neutron fluxes to increase the reactions probabilities and, consequently, actinides mass conversion yield.
Impact of deficit irrigation on the physiological and agronomic traits of 24 safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes grown in Iran
Authors: Seify Seyed Mohammadreza , Madani Hamid , Pourdad Seyyed Saeid , Nour-Mohammadi Ghorban , Changizi Mahdi
Published: December 2023

The impact of two irrigation regimes (well-watered versus water limited conditions) on yield and grain composition of 24 safflower genotypes was compared in a two-year field trial arranged as a split plot design. Safflower genotypes at limited irrigation had higher total chlorophyll and proline levels compared with well-watered irrigations. In term of total chlorophyll content, safflower genotypes G17 (1.4 mg g-1 FW), G24 (1.37 mg g-1 FW) and G7 (1.36 mg g-1 FW) were statistically higher relative to other genotypes under well water conditions. In contrast, under limited irrigation conditions, G15 (1.76 mg g-1 FW) had the highest total chlorophyll suggestive of differential response among genotypes. The highest plant height and leaf dry weight were detected in G3 (84.4 cm and 13.3 g plant-1, respectively) under limited irrigation. Difference in number of heads plant-1 under well-watered (29.5 plant-1) was observed compared to limited irrigation (20.5 plant-1) among genotypes. Under well-watered (49.8 g) and limited irrigation (44.1), G2 and G9 showed the highest 1000 seed weight, respectively. Among accessions, G24 yielded more seed compared to other genotypes under well-watered (2342 kg ha-1) and limited irrigation (1137 kg ha-1) posing it as potential line for further breeding. With regards to seed oil yield, G23 was the highest under well-watered (735 kg ha-1) and water limited conditions (356 kg ha-1), with water limited conditions found to reduce seed oil content by ca. 1.5% among lines. Under both well-watered and water limited conditions, highest biological yield (14003 and 11238 kg ha-1, respectively) and lowest harvest index (6.9% and 6.1%) were detected in G3 genotype. Based on this experiment, it is could be concluded that under well and limited irrigation, high seed yield and oil yield was achieved in G23, while seed oil concentration did not change remarkably by stress conditions.
Use of a drone-based gamma-ray spectrometry system to assess point or extended radioactive sources
Authors: Corbacho J.A. , Baeza J.A. , Caballero J.M.
Published: December 2023

In recent times, the utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has emerged as a novel tool for a wide range of tasks associated with radiological protection in hazardous situations. This article presents the development of a rotary-wing drone-based system equipped with a LaBr3(Ce) detector, enabling highly accurate quantification of both point and extended radiation sources. The drone’s capability to precisely measure H*(10) and the activity levels of the involved radionuclides has been assessed through real-world testing in two scenarios. The results demonstrate uncertainties of less than 20%.
Association between Serum Follistatin-Like Protein 1 Levels and
Disease Activity in Behçet’s Disease
Authors: Demir Mesut , Batmaz Ibrahim , Sarıyıldız Mustafa Akif , Ekinci Aysun , Akar Zeynel Abidin , Batmaz Oznur , Karakoç Mehmet
Published: December 2023

Introduction This study sought to determine the serum levels of
follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL-1), a glycoprotein of mesenchymal origin shown
to be involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, for example
Behçet’s disease (BD), and to investigate its association with
disease activity.

Material and Methods The study included 45 patients followed for newly
diagnosed Behçet’s disease who met the 1990 International Study
Group criteria for BD and a control group of 36 healthy volunteers who were age-
and gender-matched. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients
and control groups. Serum FSTL-1 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay. The disease activity was assessed using the
Behçet’s Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF).

Results A comparison of serum FSTL-1 levels in the patient and control
groups found significantly higher levels of FSTL-1 in the patient group. Serum
FSTL-1 levels were significantly higher in female patients compared with male
patients. Female patients exhibited significantly higher BDCAF scores compared
with male patients (p=0.008). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum
FSTL-1 levels were positively correlated.

Conclusion Serum FSTL-1 levels may play a role in the aetiopathogenesis of
BD and can also be a useful biomarker for determining disease activity.
Herzschrittmacher, Organ oder Gehstock? Vorher-Nachher-Befragung zur
subjektiven Wahrnehmung eines Gerätes zur Tiefen
Hirnstimulation
Authors: Krug Henriette , Scharf Anna , Weber Karsten , Kühn Andrea A. , Krause Patricia , Haug Sonja
Published: December 2023

Ziel der Studie Es wird eine Studie im Prä-Post-Design mit einer
Befragung von Patient*innen vorgestellt, bei denen zur Therapie einer
neurologischen Bewegungsstörung die Indikation für eine Tiefe
Hirnstimulation (THS) gegeben war. Die Patient*innen wurden vor und nach
der THS-Operation zu ihren präoperativen Assoziationen bzw.
postoperativen Wahrnehmungen im Umgang mit einem Hirnschrittmacher befragt. Ziel
der Untersuchung ist, die bisherige Praxis der ärztlichen
Aufklärung vor einer THS-Intervention um Angaben zur subjektiven
Erlebnisqualität dieser Intervention ergänzen zu
können.

Methodik Es wurde eine Längsschnittstudie mit
Patient*innen (n=132) durchgeführt, in der die
Teilnehmenden zweizeitig schriftlich zu Imaginationen zu ihrer subjektiven
Erlebnisqualität von THS befragt wurden. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten
beim präoperativen Screening (Prä-OP) sowie beim
Ein-Jahres-Follow-Up (Post-OP).

Ergebnisse Präoperativ gab die Mehrheit der Befragten die
Assoziation Herzschrittmacher an. Postoperativ wählten nur weniger als
ein Drittel diese Option, gleich häufig wie die Assoziationen Gehstock
oder Brille.

Schlussfolgerung Die Erlebnisqualität von THS im eigenen
Körper scheint sich mittels individuell verschiedener Assoziationen
vergleichen zu lassen, wobei postoperativ der Vergleich mit nicht invasiven
Hilfsmitteln überwiegt. Im Aufklärungsgespräch kann die
Thematisierung dieser Beschreibungen bei den Patient*innen zu einem
realitätsnahen Erwartungshorizont vor THS beitragen.
Postoperative Bracing after Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Schaver Andrew L. , Tranovich Meaghan A. , O'Reilly Olivia C. , Bollier Matthew J. , Duchman Kyle R. , Wolf Brian R. , Westermann Robert W.
Published: December 2023

It is unclear if bracing is necessary after isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLr) for recurrent patellar instability. We hypothesize that patients who did not use a brace will have similar outcomes to those who were braced postoperatively. A retrospective review of patients who underwent isolated MPFLr from January 2015 to September 2020 at a single institution was performed. Those with less than 6 weeks of follow-up were excluded. The braced group was provided a hinged-knee brace postoperatively until the return of quadriceps function, which was determined by the treating physical therapist (brace, “B”; no brace, “NB”). Time to straight leg raise (SLR) without lag, recurrent instability, and total re-operations were determined. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to evaluate outcomes (statistical significance, p < 0.05). Overall, 229 isolated MPFLr were included (B: 165 knees, 146 patients; NB: 64 knees, 58 patients). Baseline demographics were similar (all p > 0.05). Median time to SLR without lag was shorter in the NB group (41 days [interquartile range [IQR]: 20–47] vs. 44 days [IQR: 35.5–88.3], p = 0.01), while return to sport times were equivalent (B: 155 days [IQR: 127.3–193.8] vs. NB: 145 days [IQR: 124–162], p = 0.31). Recurrent instability rates were not significantly different (B: 12 knees [7.27%] vs. NB: 1 knee [1.56%], p = 0.09), but the re-operation rate was higher in the brace group (20 knees [12.1%] vs. 0 [0%], p = 0.001). Regression analysis identified brace use (odds ratio [OR]: 19.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.43–269.40, p = 0.026) and female patients (OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.01–7.34, p = 0.049) to be associated with needing reoperation. Recurrent instability rates and return to sport times were similar between patients who did or did not use a hinged knee brace after isolated MPFLr. Re-operation rates were higher in the braced group. Retrospective Comparative Study, Level III
Synthesis of New 5- or 7-Substituted 3-Nitroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine Derivatives Using SNAr and Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions To Explore Antiparasitic Structure–Activity Relationships
Authors: Primas Nicolas , Vanelle Patrice , Paoli-Lombardo Romain , Bourgeade-Delmas Sandra , Sournia-Saquet Alix , Castera-Ducros Caroline , Jacquet Inès , Verhaeghe Pierre , Rathelot Pascal
Published: December 2023

To study the antikinetoplastid structure–activity relationships in a 3-nitroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine series, we explored the substitution of positions 5 and 7 of the scaffold, developing nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions and palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura, Sonogashira, and Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling reactions that had never been reported at these positions in this series. In four steps from 2-amino(bromo)pyridines, 33 original compounds were obtained, allowing a better definition of the antiparasitic pharmacophore.
The Sleep Parameters of Olympic Athletes: Characteristics and
Assessment Instruments
Authors: de Mello Marco Túlio , Stieler Eduardo , Grade Isadora , Filho André Fernandes Chaves , Mendes Gabriel , Ituassu Natália , Silva Andressa
Published: December 2023

This systematic review aims to identify the sleep parameters of Olympic athletes
and the instruments used to assess and monitor the sleep of these athletes. The
search was conducted until February 2023 and was performed in PubMed, Web of
Science, and Scopus databases. This systematic review has included studies that
investigated at least one of the following sleep parameters: total sleep time
(TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep efficiency (SE), awakenings after sleep
onset (WASO), quality of sleep, daytime sleepiness, and chronotype; the
participants were Olympic athletes. The search returned a total of 280 studies.
After screening based on exclusion and inclusion criteria, 11 studies were
included. The main results demonstrate that Olympic athletes have TST of
06:10 h, SE of 84%, SOL of 28 min, and WASO of 49 min. The most predominant
chronotype is indifferent; over half of the athletes have poor sleep quality and
complaints. Furthermore, actigraphy was the most used method to assess sleep. It
is concluded that Olympic athletes have TST, SE, and WASO poor than the
recommended values. In addition, sleep complaints and poor sleep quality were
also observed. Among the objective sleep assessment methods, actigraphy was the
method most frequently used in this population.
Only the Best of the Bunch—Sperm Preparation Is Not Just about Numbers
Authors: Gallagher Meurig T. , Krasauskaite Ingrida , Kirkman-Brown Jackson C.
Published: December 2023

In this Seminar, we present an overview of the current and emerging methods and technologies for optimizing the man and the sperm sample for fertility treatment. We argue that sperms are the secret to success, and that there are many avenues for improving both treatment and basic understanding of their role in outcomes. These outcomes encompass not just whether treatment is successful or not, but the wider intergenerational health of the offspring. We discuss outstanding challenges and opportunities of new technologies such as microfluidics and artificial intelligence, including potential pitfalls and advantages. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the importance of sperm in fertility treatment and suggests future directions for research and innovation.
Inefficiency in Delivery of General Surgery to Black Patients: A National Inpatient Sample Study
Authors: Bliton John N.
Published: December 2023

Background Racial disparities in outcomes among patients in the United States are widely recognized, but disparities in treatment are less commonly understood. This study is intended to identify treatment disparities in delivery of surgery and time to surgery for diagnoses managed by general surgeons—appendicitis, cholecystitis, gallstone pancreatitis, abdominal wall hernias, intestinal obstructions, and viscus perforations.

Methods The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was used to estimate and analyze disparities in delivery of surgery, type of surgery received, and timing of surgery. Age-adjusted means were compared by race/ethnicity and trends in treatment disparities were evaluated from 1993 to 2017. Linear modeling was used to measure trends in treatment and outcome disparities over time. Mediation analysis was performed to estimate contributions of all available factors to treatment differences. Relationships between treatment disparities and disparities in mortality and length of stay were similarly evaluated.

Results Black patients were less likely to receive surgery for appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, and hernias, and more likely to receive surgery for obstructions and perforations. Black patients experienced longer wait times prior to surgery, by 0.15 to 1.9 days, depending on the diagnosis. Mediation analysis demonstrated that these disparities are not attributable to the patient factors available in the NIS, and provided some insight into potential contributors to the observed disparities, such as hospital factors and socioeconomic factors.

Conclusion Treatment disparities are present even with common indications for surgery, such as appendicitis, cholecystitis, and gallstone pancreatitis. Black patients are less likely to receive surgery with these diagnoses and must wait longer for surgery if it is performed. Surgeons should plan institution-level interventions to measure, explain, and potentially correct treatment disparities.
Existence of solutions of exponential model in Born–Infeld nonlinear electrodynamics
Authors: Dai Bingbing , Zhang Ruifeng
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we discuss the existence of solutions to a nonlinear problem involving an exponential model of the Born–Infeld nonlinear electromagnetism. We establish an existence theorem by variational methods and mathematical analysis. We also show that the solutions obtained are nonnegative.
Air stable plasma passivation of GaAs at room temperature
Authors: Kauppinen Christoffer
Published: December 2023

GaAs surfaces require electrical and chemical passivation for semiconductor devices, but in order to have air stable passivation, high temperatures have been previously required in the passivation step. Here, we demonstrate air-stable, ex situ plasma passivation of GaAs using consecutive hydrogen and nitrogen plasmas at room temperature. No pre-clean using deoxidizing wet chemistry or other means is required. The hydrogen plasma step removes surface oxides and As, which leaves a Ga-rich layer that the nitrogen plasma then turns to GaN. The formed GaN layer efficiently passivates the surface. The plasma-passivated GaAs shows upto 5× room-temperature photoluminescence after 1 year, and room-temperature time-resolved photoluminescence demonstrates robust passivation even after 3 years, both comparisons to similarly aged unpassivated GaAs. Atomic force microscopy was used to confirm that the passivated surfaces can be made smooth enough for microelectronic applications. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction indicated that the nitride films are amorphous, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy was used to estimate the nitrogen content. We used a common inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching system for plasma passivation, thus enabling the rapid adoption of this technique.
Physically realistic, parametric model for excitonic critical point parabolic band oscillators
Authors: Frye Bailey , Podraza Nikolas J.
Published: December 2023

Critical point parabolic band (CPPB) oscillators are often useful to model the optical response of semiconductor materials, such as hybrid organic–inorganic lead halide-based perovskites, to incident photons in the form of the complex dielectric function (ε=ε1+iε2) spectra. Some models of ε using CPPB oscillators are not guaranteed Kramers–Kronig (KK) consistent (and therefore not physically realistic), may have excess or arbitrary parameter values, or may require prohibitively long computational time when used to fit ellipsometric spectra. For excitonic CPPBs, commonly used to describe the optical response of hybrid organic–inorganic lead halide-based perovskite materials, a physically realistic, parametric model of ε is developed from the KK relationship between ε1 and ε2 for a number of CPPB oscillators with an Urbach tail below the lowest direct transition. This parametric model is shown to produce the same line shape reported from previous works accurately and more quickly than other available KK-consistent CPPB models.
Magnetic reconnection during sawteeth crashes
Authors: Igochine Valentin
Published: December 2023

Sawteeth oscillations are periodic relaxations of the core plasma density and temperature in tokamaks. The rise of the temperature due to external heating is terminated by the crash phase, which involves magnetic reconnection. This is the case of fast magnetic reconnection in collisionless plasmas (Lundquist number S≥108) with a strong guide field. (The toroidal magnetic field in a tokamak is a few orders larger compared to the reconnected helical field.) Experimental measurements show non-linear behavior before and during the crash phase. Simplified single-fluid models are not able to explain the reconnection dynamics during the crash, and two-fluid effects have to be considered. In this case, numerical simulations give good agreement with the observations for the crash duration. At the same time, the present simulations explain experimentally observed phenomena only partially, and several questions remain an area of active research: evolution during the crash, the onset of the fast phase, the existence of the post-cursors, the degree of stochasticity, and others. This overview paper summarizes the current understanding of the crash process, highlights remaining problems, and shows connections to magnetic reconnection research in other plasmas.
Effect of chemical short-range ordering on thermodynamics, structure, and dynamics of ZrCu-based metallic glass-forming liquids
Authors: Soni Kamal G. , Anadani Jayraj P. , Lad Kirit N.
Published: December 2023

Chemical-ordering in metallic liquid alloys affects important structural, thermodynamic, and dynamical factors governing the kinetics of the glass formation process and the glass-forming ability. The present study on Zr50Cu50, Zr50Cu45Al5, and Zr50Cu45Ag5 metallic glass-forming liquids reveal that minor addition of Al/Ag in Zr50Cu50 leads to different chemical short-range orders due to the hetero-coordination tendency of Al in Zr50Cu45Al5 and homo-coordination tendency of Ag in Zr50Cu45Ag5. Different chemical short-range ordering causes qualitatively different topological short-range orders in the two ternary alloys. Results of inherent structure energy and excess entropy indicate modification of the potential energy landscape such that the local minima (metabasins) on the landscape of Zr50Cu45Al5 become deeper and less rugged, whereas the metabasins become shallower and more rugged in Zr50Cu45Ag5. Single-particle dynamics investigations clearly demonstrate the effect of difference in the chemical-ordering, topological short-range order, and the potential energy landscape on the atomic diffusion, structural relaxation, and dynamic heterogeneities in the ternary alloys. It signifies that the dynamics of the studied glass-forming alloys is closely linked with the structure and thermodynamics. The study also provides a very useful insight of the correlation between the chemical-ordering and the short-time dynamical features in the studied metallic glass-forming liquids.
Resonant scattering of surface acoustic waves by arrays of magnetic stripes
Authors: Au Y. , Latcham O. S. , Shytov A. V. , Kruglyak V. V.
Published: December 2023

Owing to magnetoelastic coupling, surface acoustic waves (SAWs) may be scattered resonantly by magnetic elements, such as nickel stripes. The scattering may be further enhanced via the Borrmann effect when the elements are organized into an array that matches the acoustic wavelength. We use finite-element modeling to consider single- and double-layer stripes patterned on top of a lithium niobate surface that carries Love surface waves. We do observe enhancement in the coupling for single-layer stripes, but only for Gilbert damping below its realistic value. For double-layered stripes, a weak yet clear and distinct signature of Bragg reflection is identified far away from the acoustic band edge, even for a realistic damping value. Double-layered stripes also offer better magnetic tunability when their magnetic period is different from the periodicity of elastic properties of the structure because of staggered magnetization patterns. The results pave the way for the design of magnetoacoustic metamaterials with an enhanced coupling between propagating SAWs and local magnetic resonances and for the development of reconfigurable SAW-based circuitry.
Enhanced electron–phonon coupling by delocalizing phonon states for desirable interlayer transfer of excited charges in MoSSe/WS2 heterobilayer
Authors: Zheng Yahui , Zhao Honglian , Li Weibo , Chen Zhao , Zhu Weiduo , Liu Xiaofeng , Tang Qiong , Wang Haidi , Wang Chunhua , Li Zhongjun
Published: December 2023

Regulating the interlayer transfer of excited charges is challenging but crucial for high-efficiency photoelectric conversion devices based on semiconductor heterojunction. In this work, the interlayer transfer and recombination of excited charges are investigated for the heterobilayers based on monolayer MoSSe and WS2 by combining density functional theory calculation with nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulation. Our results reveal that the heterobilayers possess type-II band alignments and the interface engineering from S–Se to S–S stacking configuration reverses the spatial distribution of valence and conduction bands from MoSSe and WS2 to WS2 and MoSSe layers, respectively, which produces interlayer transfer of excited charges in opposite direction. The interface engineering also causes the delocalization of out-of-plane phonon states from the WS2 layer to both WS2 and MoSSe layers. This delocalized character in S–S configuration facilitates the simultaneous coupling of out-of-plane phonon states with the localized donor and acceptor electronic states, accelerates the motion of interface atoms, and reduces the band energy differences, which synergistically promote interlayer transfer of excited charges. As a result, the interlayer transfer of excited charges in S–S configuration is faster than that in S–Se configuration. Our investigation demonstrates that delocalizing phonon states through interface engineering can regulate electron–phonon coupling and interlayer transfer of excited charges.
Introduction of strain-relaxed 90° domain structure by lattice mismatch in tetragonal ferroelectric (Bi,K)TiO3 epitaxial films grown hydrothermally below Curie temperature
Authors: Kubota Rurika , Hu Yuxian , Shiraishi Takahisa , Tateyama Akinori , Ito Yoshiharu , Kurosawa Minoru , Funakubo Hiroshi
Published: December 2023

Epitaxial (Bi, K)TiO3 films with 800- to 900-nm thicknesses were grown hydrothermally at 200 °C on SrTiO3 substrates covered with SrRuO3 layers. Perfectly (001)-oriented films grew on (100)SrTiO3 due to good lattice matching. Films on (110)SrTiO3 had mixed orientations of dominant (110) and minor (101), while three types of (111) orientations with in-plane 120° rotation were observed for the film on (111)SrTiO3. The (101) and (110) orientations of the film deposited on (110)SrTiO3 were tilted by approximately 2.6° and 1.6°, respectively, from surface normal due to the formation of a 90° domain with a twinning plane. The plane-view measurement for the film deposited on (111)SrTiO3 showed nine spots. These are explained by the presence of 15 possible spots resulting from the relaxed 90° domain combination and by overlapping. The lattice parameters of these films explain the tilting angles of these domains. These results reveal the formation of perfectly relaxed 90° domain structures for films grown on (110) and (111)SrTiO3. This differs from our previous data for tetragonal Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films grown above TC on (110) and (111)SrTiO3 because the present films directly grow the ferroelectric films below TC without phase change. The tilting angle of the polar-axis and the volume fraction of the 90° domain can explain the piezoelectric responses of these films assuming that films have purely an up-state. This suggests that these films show almost pure up-state polarization without 180° domains, at least along surface-normal directions. These data show that these films have domain structures different from the well-known ones for the tetragonal Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films.
First principles phase diagram and electronic structure estimation of ZnO1-xSex photoanodes
Authors: Kar Arini , Balasubramaniam K. R. , Monder Dayadeep S.
Published: December 2023

Terminal solid solutions in the ZnO1−xSex system (0≤x≤0.15,0.95≤x≤1) exhibit extreme bandgap reduction attributable to band anti-crossing (BAC). In this work, we perform a theoretical investigation of alloying in this system (0≤x≤1). The temperature-composition phase diagram of ZnO1−xSex is obtained via first principles and cluster expansion-based Monte–Carlo simulations. For 0≤x≤0.05, a solid solution in the wurtzite structure and for 0.5≤x≤1, a solid solution in the sphalerite structure is obtained. The alloy system exhibits a miscibility gap in the range of 0.05≤x≤0.5. Only the solid solutions are seen to obey bandgap reduction predicted by BAC. The bandgap of the alloys, calculated using the Δ-sol method, shows a bowing behavior as predicted by the BAC model. Difference in the electronegativities of O and Se atoms in the lattice leads to hybridization of O-2p and Se-4p electronic states. Interaction between these electronic states also leads to a split in the valence band edge at the O-rich end and a split in the conduction band edge at the Se-rich end. The effective mass, estimated from the density of states, of holes at the O-rich end and that of electrons at the Se-rich end, increases with alloying. These fundamental insights should help in choosing suitable alloy compositions for optimal photocurrent density when these materials are used as photoanodes.
SQUID-based superconducting microcalorimeter with in situ tunable gain
Authors: Schuster C. , Kempf S.
Published: December 2023

Cryogenic microcalorimeters are outstanding tools for x-ray spectroscopy due to their unique combination of excellent energy resolution and close to 100% detection efficiency. While well-established microcalorimeter concepts have already proven impressive performance, their energy resolution has yet to improve to be competitive with cutting-edge wavelength-dispersive grating or crystal spectrometers. We hence present an innovative SQUID-based superconducting microcalorimeter with an in situ tunable gain as alternative concept that is based on the strong temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth of a superconductor operated close to its critical temperature. Measurements using a prototype device show no sign for any hysteresis effects that often spoil the performance of superconducting microcalorimeters. Moreover, our predictions of the achievable energy resolution show that a competitive energy resolution O(300 meV) with a suitable combination of absorber and sensor material should be easily possible.