bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unitary signings and induced subgraphs of Cayley graphs of $\mathbb{Z}_2^{n}$
Authors: Alon Noga , Zheng Kai
Published: November 2020

Boolean functions play an important role in many different areas of computer science. The _local sensitivity_ of a Boolean function $f:\{0,1\}^n\to \{0,1\}$ on an input $x\in\{0,1\}^n$ is the number of coordinates whose flip changes the value of $f(x)$, i.e., the number of i's such that $f(x)\not=f(x+e_i)$, where $e_i$ is the $i$-th unit vector. The _sensitivity_ of a Boolean function is its maximum local sensitivity. In other words, the sensitivity measures the robustness of a Boolean function with respect to a perturbation of its input. Another notion that measures the robustness is block sensitivity. The _local block sensitivity_ of a Boolean function $f:\{0,1\}^n\to \{0,1\}$ on an input $x\in\{0,1\}^n$ is the number of disjoint subsets $I$ of $\{1,..,n\}$ such that flipping the coordinates indexed by $I$ changes the value of $f(x)$, and the _block sensitivity_ of $f$ is its maximum local block sensitivity. Since the local block sensitivity is at least the local sensitivity for any input $x$, the block sensitivity of $f$ is at least the sensitivity of $f$.

The next example demonstrates that the block sensitivity of a Boolean function is not linearly bounded by its sensitivity. Fix an integer $k\ge 2$ and define a Boolean function $f:\{0,1\}^{2k^2}\to\{0,1\}$ as follows: the coordinates of $x\in\{0,1\}^{2k^2}$ are split into $k$ blocks of size $2k$ each and $f(x)=1$ if and only if at least one of the blocks contains exactly two entries equal to one and these entries are consecutive. While the sensitivity of the function $f$ is $2k$, its block sensitivity is $k^2$. The Sensitivity Conjecture, made by Nisan and Szegedy in 1992, asserts that the block sensitivity of a Boolean function is polynomially bounded by its sensivity. The example above shows that the degree of such a polynomial must be at least two.

The Sensitivity Conjecture has been recently proven by Huang in [Annals of Mathematics 190 (2019), 949-955](https://doi.org/10.4007/annals.2019.190.3.6). He proved the following combinatorial statement that implies the conjecture (with the degree of the polynomial equal to four): any subset of more than half of the vertices of the $n$-dimensional cube $\{0,1\}^n$ induces a subgraph that contains a vertex with degree at least $\sqrt{n}$. The present article extends this result as follows: every Cayley graph with the vertex set $\{0,1\}^n$ and any generating set of size $d$ (the vertex set is viewed as a vector space over the binary field) satisfies that any subset of more than half of its vertices induces a subgraph that contains a vertex of degree at least $\sqrt{d}$. In particular, when the generating set consists of the $n$ unit vectors, the Cayley graph is the $n$-dimensional hypercube.
Varieties of Extremism and their Influence on the Social and Political Life of Russia
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of the FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Naydenko Vitaly N.
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes the varieties of extremism that affect and will negatively affect the socio-political situation in Russia in the next five to seven years. Ethnoreligious extremism received the highest expert assessment of danger (5), manifesting itself mainly as Islamic extremism and terrorism. A sufficiently high destructive effect on Russian society (4) will be exerted by ethno-national extremism and social extremism. The average rating in the rating of negative influence (3) was received by right-wing political extremism and state extremism of foreign countries. The least destructive effect on Russian society (2) is exerted by left-wing political extremism, religious extremism, and environmental extremism. The study showed a high probability of growing threats of left-wing political extremism and social extremism in the next five to seven years, due to the negative consequences of the spread of the coronavirus pandemic, a collapse in world oil prices, a depreciation of the ruble, a deepening economic crisis, and rising unemployment.
Political and economic aspects of digital network welfare state. Between «glorious» past and uncertain future
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Lyublinsky Viktor V.
Published: November 2020

The new social reality puts issues related to the welfare state on the political agenda primarily in 3 main contexts. That is the formation of a new model of governance based on the principles of efficiency and participation, expanding the possibility of citizens’ influence on current and strategic policy; transforming the sphere of labor and employment; changing the system of social support for citizens and ensuring their socio- economic and political rights. The activity of social networks around the state is not an indicator of its social effectiveness, since the situation does not change fundamentally. The struggle of diff erentpolitical, social and economic groups unfolds around the state. Meanwhile, in modern world the state must play a new role in accordance with the new reality in order to support democratization of political relations, maximize results of social interactions and minimize conflicts. Digitalization produces internal effects of modernization of the welfare state. Network and remote management of the welfare sphere is being developed, which can streamline and optimize development everywhere, including Russia. In the new reality the tasks of social policy are changing, but in many respects they remain the same. Poverty does not disappear, it transforms and expands. The uncertainty is increasing. Obviously, a civilized and moral society cannot afford to abandon the universal character of social policy, since it has become an important factor in solving social and other problems. The issue of improving the quality of human capital comes to the fore, as well as improving the system of vocational training, because competition is becoming more acute in all major areas, including labor and employment. Therefore, a social development model is needed that rejects the primacy of the market-insurance principles in favor of the universal support, ensuring growth of incomes and welfare of all citizens and taking into account differences in capabilities of everyone.
Perceptions of Social Problems and the Protest Activity in the Republics (the Case of Sakha [Yakutia])
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Arutyunova Ekaterina M.
Published: November 2020

Based on a representative sociological survey and expert interviews in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the article examines the perception of various social problems, as well as the protest potential of the population. It is revealed that the most disturbing problems of residents of Yakutia are related to social causes, low living standards, the amount of housing and utilities tariff s, reduced access to social benefits and, to a lesser extent, the problems of inability to fight for their rights, as well as corruption, unemployment, etc. It is shown that there are some differences in the perception of problems of Sakha (Yakuts) and ethnic Russians, as well as residents of the Republic of other ethnicities, but in general, the hierarchies of problems are similar. It was found that residents of the capital of the Republic often perceive problems in a similar way, and there is a more noticeable differentiation in the perception of problems by Yakuts and ethnic Russians in industrial areas. The declared protest activity in the Republic at the time of the study was recorded higher than at that time in the country as a whole, which is due to a complex of systemic social factors, as well as situational factors for the Republic.
Female Alcohol Consumption as a Form of Adaptation to Modern Conditions: Age Features
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Briuno Viktoriia V. , Pozdniakova Margarita E. ,   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

The aim of the work is to consider the features of alcoholic behavior of a modern woman. The situation with the involvement of women of young, middle and older ages in alcohol consumption is analyzed on the basis of quantitative and qualitative long — term studies conducted by the team of Sector of Sociology of Deviant Behavior of ISRAS — FCTAS RAS at the end of the 20th century, at the turn of the century — in the “zero” years and in modern times. The surveys were accompanied by an analysis of statistical data and a secondary analysis of sociological data on the studied issues. It is shown that, despite the steady decline in the incidence of alcoholism and the prevalence of drug-related disorders associated with alcohol consumption, the involvement of Russians in alcohol consumption remains at a sufficiently high level. The results of comparative studies have revealed that the process of feminization of alcohol consumption recorded at the end of the 20th century continues steadily at the present time. An analysis of female alcohol habits has shown that over the past few years, women who drink alcohol at high risk have increased in all age groups. The greatest changes occurred among young and middle-aged women. It was found that alcohol problems occurring in adolescents, young women, middle-aged and older women are caused by different risk factors. Some factors are present throughout the entire life cycle of a woman, while others are characteristic only for certain life stages.
Globalization: the New Challenges to the Sciences
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Yanitsky Oleg N.
Published: November 2020

Our world including Russia as well as all sciences have recently encountered with unprecedented critical situation. Actually, it’s already a hybrid war against humanity, and a technologically-constructed world is incapable to meet a couple of the above challenges. The interactions of the political, economic, social, climatic and biological processes are clearly showed that a mono-disciplinary method of global studies has been insufficient. The globalization should be investigated as an interdisciplinary phenomenon which is developing in the space– time parameters. Accordingly, humanity isn’t an object of their complex impact but as the active agent of their prevention. And this agent is a union of various sciences, political forces and civil organizations. If nowadays a biological challenge came to the forefront but tomorrow it may be replaced by the geopolitical or climatic issues. But up to now humanity rejects to recognize the natural forces are the same factor of global transformations as a business, politics, sciences and new technologies. It’s one more reason to see the current situation as the critical one. We have to understand that we aren’t in an economic or political crises but it’s a do crucial state of humanity and its living environment. Therefore, recently, our main goal not a sustainable development but the mobilization of all resources at hands in order to save humanity combines with critical comprehension of current global geopolitics and scientific and technological achievements. I’m deeply convinced that Russian sociology is able to play a leading role in that work.
Problems of Social Group Forming in Regions of the Russian Federation with Different Level of Socio-Cultural Modernization: Adequate Responses to Strategic Challenges
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Tihonov Alexander V.
Published: November 2020

The subject is methodological approaches to the study of the laws of social group forming in the system of relations between civil society and power-management structures in regions with different levels of socio-cultural modernization. The program of our research is the relevance of the transition from a crisis situation to a post-crisis one, which should affect the balance between the interests of power and society. Such an important conclusion from empirical sociological studies before the pandemic, more than once voiced and disputed in the scientific literature, of course, requires additional work. The threat to the life and health of citizens from coronavirus becomes an irreparable factor that creates new conditions for the development of a new “civil contract,” taking into account the appearance of a possible new logic of “challenges and answers”. There is being investigated the problem of the appearance of poor-quality institutions in Russia, which manifests itself in the phenomenon of “unworthy government,” imposing the most significant restrictions on the implementation of the project of socio-cultural modernization. It is argued that the search for rent in Russia is not just a side effect of corruption and inefficiency, but also the main reason for the phenomenon of “unworthy management” of the state, the result of which inevitably becomes the spread of our poor quality of social group formation.
Fulfilling Life Goals: Subjective Evaluation
Authors:   FCTAS RAS,Moscow, Russian Federation, Kozyreva Polina M. , Smirnov Aleksander I. ,   Institute of Sociology of the FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

This article features the results of a study which examines the factors of success or lack thereof when it comes to Russians achieving their life goals. The analysis is based on data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE). The study revealed that diminishing confidence in their abilities and in their chance to attain their life goals has over the last few years become a significant component in the attitudes of a considerable amount of Russian people. Achieving them at one stage of life or another does not always make people satisfied with life in general or with its specific aspects. How people assess their chances for attaining success in life is negatively affected during a time of crisis by a decrease in living standards and quality of life in Russia, an increase in anxiety and negative expectations, which in turn are caused by increasingly uncertain life circumstances. However, success in achieving life goals is linked primarily to personal resources rather than external factors. Opportunities for success grow considerably with an increase in age and professional status. In the process of fulfilling one’s goals, health condition, professional qualification, aid from relatives and friends, as well as helpful connections — these are all much more substantial determinants than one’s material security. On the other hand, the importance of such a factor as material prosperity rises from the utmost minimum for young people to near the top in regards to the elderly. Success in life is more often achieved by determined, persistent people who are confident in their own abilities, who possess a wide array of adaptation resources, and who are able to plan ahead.
Between the Temptation by New Theories and Social Practice
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of the FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Drobizheva Leokadia M.
Published: November 2020

The article reveals the eff orts of Russian academic community to depoliticize ethnicity, to change the theory of ethnic, and to create new approaches to ethnicity research following main trends of world science. The article shows the influence of science on institutional space such as changing the name of disciplines and associations, and the new politic of identity developing. The analyzing of that changes influenced the idea of the importance of ethnicity in the mass consciousness is made based on data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE) an FCTAS RAS project “The Dynamics of Social Transformation of Modern Russia’s Socioeconomic, Political, Sociocultural and Ethnoreligious Contexts”. The author makes a conclusion that influence of science on public opinion about ethnicity is limited by the ambivalence of Russian politics of identity policy in 2000s, and by the inertia of mass consciousness.
Dancing around the Cauldron with Rangda, the Balinese widow-witch: Exploring gender relations and attitudes toward women and children in Southeast Asia
Authors: Nadeau Kathleen
Published: November 2020

By taking a cross-cultural approach based on library research, content analysis, and fieldwork in the Philippines, this paper compares Southeast Asian and European tales. The Southeast Asian tales are rooted in local philosophical and cultural traditions. Balinese literature is replete with descriptions of rituals to ward off vampires. The flying half-bodied Aswangs in the Philippines, like their Malaysian sisterlings, can be shown to bear some resemblance to Balinese witches who culminate in the Rangda, the queen of witches. The Balinese ritual battle between the troubled widow witch Rangda and the gentle Barong offers a circular view of history that arguably holds to a universal notion of good and evil. In contrast, European witch tales can be traced back to the hysterical witch hunts and persecution of female midwives and healers in Medieval times that were perceived as threatening the power and authority of male doctors, priests, and landed government officials. The conclusion is that Southeast Asian lore connotes a different set of gender relations and attitudes toward women and children than European origin.
Impact of Green Initiatives on the Financial Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises: The Case of Manufacturing Firm in Central Luzon
Authors: DIAZ ROWELL , Alfaro Ma. Teresa
Published: November 2020

This study was conducted to propose the Green Economic Development Plan for Manufacturing S.M.E.s based on financial performance and operations thru Green Initiatives. The descriptive survey method used to gather data to determine the green initiative's implementation of small and medium (S.M.E.s) manufacturing enterprises. Green initiatives use as a basis for crafting a green economic development plan. Document analysis was also employed to obtain data from any available printed materials and records provided by the respondents. Such methods of gathering information used to validate data gathered from local and foreign-related literature. The observation also employed to survey the assets owned and validate any green initiatives practiced, including their implementation. The study's findings show that among the green initiatives implemented by SMMEs, which resulted in the reduction of total costs and expenses, were the proper disposal and segregation of waste materials, water management by recycling wastewater and using water-efficient equipment, natural resources, and raw materials management. SMMEs should encourage active participation and support of suppliers and customers in achieving G.E.D.'s objectives by developing incentive schemes.Furthermore, SMMEs should continue to benchmark with G.E.D. Practitioners are operating locally and abroad to adopt best greening strategies and regularly network with concerned government agencies for continuous updating on G.E.D. Initiatives that may benefit the firm. Further research may be conducted on green initiatives implemented by small and medium enterprises in other industry sectors.
Reliability of the Scale of Barriers for Cardiac Rehabilitation in the Colombian Population
Authors: Jácome Hortúa Adriana Marcela , Angarita Fonseca Adriana , Dutra de Souza Hugo Celso , Martínez Marín Rocio del Pilar , Villamizar Jaimes Carmen Juliana , de Paula Facioli Tábata , Sánchez Delgado Juan Carlos
Published: November 2020

Purpose: Determine the internal consistency and reproducibility test-retest of the Barrier Scale for Cardiac Rehabilitation (BSCR) in Colombian population. Methods: 190 patients (67% men, average age = 65 ± 12 years) completed the scale in two moments, with an average of eight days between applications. Cronbach's Alpha and Intraclass Correlation (ICC) coefficients were calculated. Results: The internal consistency of the Colombian version of the BSCR was good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.85). The ICC of the instrument was 0.69 (95% CI 0.61-0.76), 0.78 (95% CI 0.71-0.84) when used in the interview type, and 0.47 (95% CI 0, 21-0.67) when it was self-completing. Conclusions: The EBRC has an acceptable reliability in the Colombian population, however, its reproducibility decreases when it is self-directed. Identifying barriers using this scale will allow developing strategies to increase participation and adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programs focused on the real needs of patients.
Desafios do tempo presente na escolarização de jovens, adultos e idosos: agenda para a nova década
Authors: Barbosa Carlos Soares , Silva Jaqueline Luzia da , Souza José Carlos Lima de
Published: November 2020

Este artigo analisa a Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) na vertente da escolarização, identificando, na concepção dos professores, os principais desafios que se apresentam à modalidade no tempo presente. As reflexões tecidas são resultados da pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, que estabeleceu como procedimento metodológico e campo de investigação a observação participativa de dois cursos de extensão promovidos pela Faculdade de Educação da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), destinados aos professores da EJA do Ensino Fundamental e do Ensino Médio, das redes municipal e estadual de ensino do Rio de Janeiro, respectivamente. As principais considerações do estudo abordam os desafios para a afirmação da EJA enquanto direito social e subjetivo; o retrocesso das políticas públicas destinadas aos jovens, adultos e idosos interditados do direito à educação após o golpe de 2016 e as implicações dos desafios das políticas públicas, inclusive da formação docente, nas práticas pedagógicas.
Peningkatan Kinerja Kelompok Usaha Pengolahan Ikan Air Tawar di Kabupaten Sleman
Authors: Rahayu Wiwit , Marwanti Sri , Agustono Agustono , Ferichani Minar , Khairiyakh Refa'ul , Nurhidayati Indah
Published: November 2020

Freshwater fish farming is one of the efforts made by the people of Sindumartani Village, Ngemplak Sub-district, Sleman Regency. The battle for water and land has made most people cultivate freshwater fish, especially tilapia. This makes fish products abundant. This condition is the initiative of the Mina Mandiri Women Farmer Group to process the fish production into several processed fish products such as fish chips and shredded fish. One of the obstacles faced in the effort to develop this processing business is that the group's performance has not been optimal due to a lack of knowledge about group business interests and how to create a solid group with good performance. This community service is carried out in order to solve these problems by conducting group dynamics training both in theory and practice. The group dynamics training that was carried out made women members of the Mina Mandiri Women Farmer Group understand the importance of group business, the factors that are the strengths and weaknesses of groups and working in groups (teamwork). The understanding and skills obtained from community service activities increase the group's performance. This can be seen from the increasing number of members who attend monthly meetings, the increasing frequency of production activities, the increasing types of processed fish products and the wider the marketing area.
EVALUASI PROGRAM DIKLAT PRAJABATAN CPNS GOLONGAN I DAN II DI PUSAT PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN BADAN METEOROLOGI KLIMATOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA
Authors: Malik Asep Jamaludin
Published: November 2020

Penelitian evaluasi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penyelenggaraan program Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Prajabatan CPNS Golongan I dan II pola ANEKA di Pusdiklat BMKG dengan menggunakan model evaluasi 4 level yang dikembangkan oleh Kirkpatrick, meliputi: reaksi, belajar, perilaku dan hasil. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrumen observasi, kuesioner, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil evaluasi level reaksi berupa tingkat kepuasaan peserta diklat terhadap penyelenggaraan program Diklat Prajabatan CPNS Golongan I dan II pola ANEKA, dimana tingkat kepuasaan yang tinggi dapat memotivasi peserta untuk mengikuti kegiatan diklat lebih lanjut. Hasil evaluasi level belajar berupa tingkat pencapaian hasil belajar peserta dalam memahami materi diklat dan mengaktualisaikan dalam kegiatan aktualisasi, dimana yang diharapkan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan dari peserta Diklat Prajabatan CPNS Golongan I dan II pola ANEKA. Hasil evaluasi level perilaku berupa perubahan perilaku positif peserta diklat dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan di unit kerjanya, dengan mengimplementasikan nilai-nilai dasar profesi PNS. Evaluasi level hasil  merupakan dampak yang ditimbulkan setelah mengikuti diklat terhadap peningkatan kinerja dan produktivitas alumni peserta diklat dan unit kerjanya.
O uso de ferramentas de geoprocessamento de imagens para análise da morfologia da praia de Balneário Piçarras- Santa Catarina
Authors: Oliveira Emerson
Published: November 2020

A utilização de sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG) surge como uma ferramenta útil para compreender as alterações ambientais, uma vez que permite uma análise rápida, fiável e de baixo custo através de técnicas especializadas de processamento de imagens.  Este artigo, demonstra a aplicação de ferramentas de geoprocessamento para identificar características básicas relacionadas à morfologia costeira. estudos. A área de estudo, a planície costeira do Balneário Piçarras, apresenta problemas associados aos processos de erosão costeira, que acarreta perdas econômicas que requerem, constantemente, o controle de intervenções humanas ou mitigação dos danos associados. O transporte de sedimentos não consolidados causa mudanças em diferentes escalas de tempo geológicas em um equilíbrio de variáveis ​​naturais e antropogênicas. A área de estudo foi limitada a um polígono obtido a partir de uma imagem de satélite (Quickmapservice /Google Satélite). A localização dos elementos e pontos de amostragem, com destaque para a importância da inserção de polígonos e pontos, foi realizada por meio do software Q-GIS 3.10. A vetorização e detalhamento das imagens permitiram reconhecer melhor os aspectos da área estudada, pela criação de diferentes camadas para o estudo da morfologia da faixa arenosa da praia central do Balneário Piçarras. a partir de imagens de satélite predefinidas, usando a camada de base Google Quickmapservices disponível no Q-GIS 3.10. O mapa resultante produzido serve de base para novos estudos e aprendizados durante a área de processos destacada.
Material Upgradation in Sulphur Granulation Plant Due to Severe Corrosion in Aluminum Components
Authors: Al Ameri Mohamed , Al Hajeri Nuha , Pandey Shyam , Madeina Antonio
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this paper to emphasize the lessons learned by ADNOC Sour Gas of material upgrading in the Shah Sulphur Granulation plant due to severe corrosion of Aluminium components. The Sulphur Granulation plant was commissioned in 2015, the granulation unit consists of a total of 12 packaged granulating systems used for solidifying and granulating the liquid sulphur. The study focused on the corroded areas which are the GX Plenum chambers, lower section of Granulator exhaust stack, Scrubber inlet and discharge ducting.

Root Cause Analysis (RCA) was undertaken to understand and identify the cause of the corrosion. The study indicated that the corrosion of Aluminium components is typical of wet acidic attack. Wet acid is being produced in the granulator drum where atomised liquid sulphur is quenched by demineralized water to produce sulphur granules. The highly acidic vapours further travel to the exhaust stack through scrubber. The paper discusses the typical damage mechanism indicating the source of acidic species, their generation, corrosive attack and mitigation under plant operating conditions.

It has been observed that under full capacity the plant utilized all the 12 granulators, therefore insufficient time for cleaning and acid water disposal. Therefore, Aluminium which is a universally recommended material for sulphur granulation plant is suffering severe material degradation. This has led to go for a detailed material review with process requirement. Entire plant equipment was segregated in 2 parts as per severity of corrosion. After the engineering study, the Plenum chamber and associated piping to scrubber duct will be upgraded with Stainless Steel SS316L having less severe corrosion. The Outlet piping from scrubber to FD fan and Exhaust Stack were affected the most, and it was recommended to replace these areas recommended with GRVE.

The current arrangement with upgradedmaterial will assist all new projects to design plants either with enough unit redundancies for routine cleaning or use more resistant material to combat corrosion.
Complex Stimulation Approach to Low Temperature Carbonate Formation Revitalizes Bahrain Brownfield
Authors: AlJanahi Ahmed , Abdelrady Sayed , AlMannai Hassan , AlTawash Feras , Yudin Alexey , Qadir Waqas , Al-Jalal Ziad , Guleryuzlu Metin
Published: November 2020

Carbonate formations often require stimulation treatments to be developed economically. Sometimes, proppant fracturing yields better results than acid stimulation. Carbonates are seldom stimulated with large-mesh-size proppants due to admittance issues caused by fissures and high Young's modulus and narrow fracture width. The Magwa formation of Bahrain's Awali brownfield is a rare case in which large treatments using 12/20-mesh proppant were successful after the more than 50 years of field development.

To achieve success, a complex approach was required during preparation and execution of the hydraulic fracturing campaign. During the first phase, the main challenges that restricted achieving full production potential in previous stimulation attempts (both acid and proppant fracturing) were identified. Fines migration and shale instability were addressed during advanced core testing. Tests for embedment were conducted, and a full suite of logs was obtained to improve geomechanical modeling. In addition, a target was set to maximize fracture propped length to address the need for maximum reservoir contact in the tight Magwa reservoir and to maximize fracture width and conductivity.

Sufficient fracture width in the shallow oil formation was required to withstand embedment. Sufficient conductivity was required to clean out the fracture under low-temperature conditions (124° F) and to minimize drawdown along the fracture considering the relatively low energy of the formation (pore pressure less than 1,000 psi). Understanding the fracture dimensions was critical to optimize the design. Independent measurement using high-resolution temperature logging and advanced sonic anisotropy measurements after fracturing helped to quantify fracture height. As a result of the applied comprehensive workflow, 18 wells were successfully stimulated, including three horizontal wellbores with multistage fracturing - achieving effective fracture half-lengths of 450-to 500-ft. Oil production from the wells exceeded expectations and more than doubled the results of all the previous attempts. Production decline rates were also less pronounced due to achieved fracture length and the ability to produce more reservoir compartments. The increase in oil recovery is due to the more uniform drainage systems enabled by the conductive fractures.

The application of new and advanced techniques taken from several disciplines enabled successful propped fracture stimulation of a fractured carbonate formation. Extensive laboratory research and independent geometry measurements yielded significant fracture optimization and resulted in a step-change in well productivity. The techniques and lessons learned will be of benefit to engineers dealing with shallow carbonate reservoirs around the world.
Fishbone Stimulation a Game Changer for Tight Carbonate Productivity Enhancement, Case Study of First Successful Implementation at Adnoc Onshore Fields
Authors: Rachapudi R. V. , Al-Jaberi S. S. , Al Hashemi M.. , Punnapala S.. , Alshehhi S. S. , Talib N.. , Loayza A. F. , Al Nuimi S.. , Elbekshi A.. , Quintero F.. , Yuliyanto T.. , Abd Rashid A. Bin , Alkatheeri F. Omar , Gutierrez Daniel , Chehabi W.. , Hussain Ali Ba
Published: November 2020

Productivity enhancement of tight carbonate reservoirs (permeability 1-3 md) is critical to deliver the mandated production and to achieve the overall recovery. However, productivity improvement with conventional acid stimulation is very limited and short-lived. Tight reservoirs development with down spacing and higher number of infill wells can increase the oil recovery. Nevertheless, poor vertical communication (Kv/Kh < 0.5) within the layered reservoir is still a challenge for productivity enhancement and needs to be improved.

First time successful installation of fishbone stimulation technology at ADNOC Onshore targeted establishing vertical communication between layers, in addition to maximizing the reservoir contact. Furthermore this advanced stimulation technology connects the natural fractures within the reservoir, bypasses near well bore damage and allows the thin sub layers to produce. This technology requires running standard lower completion tubing with Fishbone subs preloaded with 40ft needles, and stimulation with rig on site. This paper presents the case study of the fishbone stimulation technology implemented at one of the tight-layered carbonate reservoir.

A new development well from ADNOC Onshore South East field was selected for implementation of this technology. The well completion consisting of 4 ½ liner with 40 fishbone subs was installed, each sub containing four needles at 90 degrees phasing capable of penetrating the reservoir up to 40 ft. While rig on site, acid job was conducted for creating jetting effect to penetrate the needles into the formation. Upon completion of jetting operation, fishbone basket run cleaned the unpenetrated needles present in the liner to establish the accessibility up to the total depth. Overall, application of this technology improved the well production rate to 1600 BOPD compared to 400 BOPD of production from nearby wells in the same PAD and reservoir. In addition the productivity of the candidate well improved by 2.5 times with respect to near-by wells in the same PAD. Currently, long-term sustainability testing preparation is in progress. This paper provides the details of candidate selection, completion design, technology limitations, operational challenges, post job testing and lessons learned during pilot implementation. In summary, successful application of this technology is a game changer for tight carbonate productivity enhancement that improves the overall recovery along with optimizing the drilling requirements. Currently, preparation for implementation of 10 pilots in one of the asset at ADNOC Onshore fields is in progress.
Reducing Carbon Footprint Through Wellsite Processing
Authors: Innes Gareth , Morris Andrew
Published: November 2020

Global carbon emission reduction targets and how to meet them are high on operators’ agendas. Quantifying greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions created across every segment of the hydrocarbon extraction and production value chain is an essential step in this process.

It's already widely acknowledged by operators on the UK Continental Shelf that drill cuttings treatment at the well site can materially reduce costs and improve safety by avoiding the need to collect, contain and transfer cuttings by sea and road freight to a specialist processing facility onshore, as required using the traditional "skip and ship" method. It's also widely accepted that by reducing the transport and logistics involved in skip and ship processing, carbon emissions are also greatly reduced, but by exactly how much had not been precisely quantified.

In order to support operators’ understanding of their carbon footprints towards drilling waste management specifically, TWMA performed a study to establish the comparative carbon footprint for a portable thermal processing drill cuttings processing unit, treating drill cuttings on a standard offshore platform, versus that of a typical skip and ship to shore operation.

The study investigated the carbon footprinting process, interpreted recognised guidance and set system boundaries and emission scopes. The carbon footprint associated with each method of treatment was then calculated, based on carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) per tonne of drill cuttings functional unit. Furthermore, a carbon calculator was created to establish a carbon footprint comparison capability for any well within the North Sea.

The results revealed that the carbon footprint of the current skip and ship operation is 53% higher than that of a portable unit treating drill cuttings at typical North Sea well site. Furthermore, and based on the lower estimate of drill cuttings produced on the UK Continental Shelf, additional benefits will include: the diversion of 28,000 tonnes of waste powder from landfill; the recovery of 6000 m3 of produced oil for re-use in the offshore drilling system; and 6000 m3 of water that requires no further wastewater treatment.

This study is the first of its kind to show a direct CO2 comparison between offshore processing and the skip and ship cuttings disposal method. It has increased the awareness of the CO2e emissions associated with each process. As the industry moves towards a lower carbon future, it provides a solution to significantly reduce the carbon emissions of drilling operations whilst also improving safety and reducing well cost.
Utilizing Natural Frequency Monitoring and Machine Learning to Monitor and Predict Structural Integrity and Minimize the Cost of Fixed Offshore Platform Intervention
Authors: Falsetta Anthony , Whiteley Elaine , Dickinson Craig , Zhou George , Sundararaman Shankar
Published: November 2020

The objective of this paper is to present a method for monitoring the natural frequency of a fixed offshore platform and to utilize the raw data to proactively monitor and predict structural degradation of the platform using machine learning. This can enable operators to predict critical member failure and guide timing of operational decisions and interventions, thus helping reduce cost of ownership, particularly for ageing assets.

A Natural Frequency Response Monitoring (NFRM) system utilizes accelerometers and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to measure the sway and torsional frequencies of a fixed offshore platform. A significant structural event is detected by a shift in the natural response of the platform.

A machine learning model (or digital twin) can be trained on this accelerometer data to replicate the platform response and determine the fatigue damage accumulation in platform members. The model, which can be re-trained to maintain accuracy, acts as a near real-time fatigue tracker with the NFRM system acting as a verification tool.

A proof of concept case study is presented and demonstrates how Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations and measured data can be used to develop a machine learning model.

The combination of an NFRM system with machine learning has the potential to assist operators in the prediction and identification of structural changes prior to them becoming critical. Knowledge of the actual fatigue damage in key platform members on a near real-time basis allows for proactive planning of inspections or repairs, as well as confidence in the structural performance of the platform, which can justify life extension.
Petroleum System Evaluation for Onshore Se Abu Dhabi, through the Integration of Five Sub Surface Discipline Studies
Authors: Doucette Neil , Mohamed Al Ghafri Thuraya , Van Laer Pierre , Galluccio Laura , Wix Jonathan Robert , Cranswick Joanne , Needham Tim , Bastow Mark Andrew , Jacobs Matthew , Walmsey Tim
Published: November 2020

The assessment of a Petroleum System includes several steps, which comprise: detailed evaluation ofsource rock, charge history, trap, seal and reservoir. As a result, a multi-scale and multi-disciplinary approach was necessary to obtain a final cohesive product. This paper aimed to improve basin modelling and prospectivity evaluation thanks to the integration of structural geology analysis, geochemical analysis, petrophysical analysis, geophysical interpretation of seismic data, stratigraphic correlations and reservoir quality evaluations. An area in onshore SE Abu Dhabi was chosen for the 12-months Petroleum System Study, where fiveteams underwent rigorous technical work independently and in combination. All the analyzed data were combined to define potential leads and prospects and assess the areal risking at different stratigraphic intervals. The limitation of data availability on the eastern side of the study area, affected the confidence of the main results, but we were able to accomplish an advanced view of the risk and opportunity in the exploration for hydrocarbons within onshore SE Abu Dhabi.

The Thamama F reservoir, TH_LK_3 (Lekhwair Formation), has been identified as a key explorationtarget. Thamama F is also a good regional migration carrier bed due to (1) high continuity and very good reservoir properties and, (2) it has a thick very continuous regional top seal. The Thamama B reservoir zone (TH_KH_2 – Kharaib Formation), Thamama A reservoir zone (TH_SH_1 – Shuaiba Formation) and Habshan Formation (HA_2, Sequence 3) also have good exploration potential but the POS at these intervals is relatively lower.

Overall, leads in the SSE Abu Dhabi are impacted by a higher risk on hydrocarbon charge, principally due to long distance migration from the source kitchen to the north. Stratigraphic leads have been identified in the Shuaiba Formation, specifically the Upper Bab Member (TH_SH_3) and the Habshan (HA_2). They are high risk but high reward exploration opportunities, which require further work to de-risk.

A detailed study of this kind has not been conducted before within onshore SE Abu Dhabi. The outcome of this extensive technical work resulting from the integration of the six distinct sub-surface disciplines and the integrated approach allow us to mature drillable prospects, which will surely be of interest for any other operating company in the same area or in different areas.
4D Geomechanical Research in Hydraulic Fracturing of Unconventional Resources - A Case Study From Junggar Basin, China
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhou Wei , Ten Weiwei , Xu Hanbing , Lian Liming , Li Xiang , Zhou Qing , Pang Yanqin , Yang Zhenbing , Yang Xing , Yang Shengjian , Song Wenfeng
Published: November 2020

The application of MHFHW (multistage hydraulic fracturing horizontal well) enormously contributes to the dramatic increasing production of low permeability reservoir. Geomechanics is the key factor for fractured well by influencing SRV (stimulated reservoir volume) and post-stimulation production. Stress variation and distribution characteristics along with real-time fracturing are simulated based on 4D (four-dimension) geomechanics research, providing the effective technical support for the designing and optimization of hydraulic fracturing scheme to get larger SRV and higher post-stimulation production. 1D (one-dimension) geomechanics model is firstly built using data from drilling, mud log, well log, mini fracture and well testing, and then verified by comparing with drilling events and laboratory test of core samples. Furthermore, Project team combines 1D geomechanics model with additional data including 3D structural model, fault distribution and seismic data to achieve the regional 3D (three-dimension) geomechanics model. 3D Geomechanics model only represents the original stress field that before hydraulic fracturing, which will be changed by pumping massive fracturing fluids into reservoir. 3D geomechanics model study is integrated with the data from real-time fracturing and micro- seismic monitoring to generate 4D geomechanics model, enabling the characterization of variation of geomechanics model with real-time fracturing. 4D Geomechanical research result clearly characterizes the stress model variation and reduces the uncertainties in reservoir stimulation operation. The model helps to optimize pressure pumping rate, volume of proppant and fracturing fluids, eventually maximizes the increase of fracture flow conductivity and post-stimulation production., This case study discusses the multi-stages fracturing treatment scheme optimization of horizontal well H84001 based on the 4D Geomechanical research of this low permeability reservoir. H84001 production has improved 184.2% compared with the offset well without fracturing treatment optimization. This project established the mathematical relationships between reservoir deformation and strain, upgrading geomechanical study methods from static to dynamic. The research finding provides technical guidance to develop low permeability reservoir in an economical and efficiency stimulation scheme.
Excellence Execution During Challenging Phase an Apple and Banana Principle
Authors: Mishra Kishore , Satheesh Bindu
Published: November 2020

Will oil and gas operating companies or EPC industries attempt to invest in a new project in this difficult market situation, when they are not sure about the success of the projects due to high uncertainty of the market and changing priorities of the market? Any success of the organization/project expects business value such as measurable improvement to revenue, profits or net income, automation to improve productivity, new product release, reduce inventory costs or some other targeted outcome. Our paper delves into the interconnection between the above two statements.

The Standish Group 2015 CHAOS Report (ref-1) states that, out of 50,000 projects in the study, 71% failed to meet the major success factors viz: on time delivery, completion within budget, and satisfactory results. The problem is even worse for big projects. When 91% of Medium-sized projects failed, the failure for larger projects reached a whopping 94%. That is scary since PwC reported that capital projects and infrastructure spending between 2014 and 2020 could reach $29 trillion. Does this mean that $27 trillion is at some risk? That's crazy! Are we doing anything about this? This 71% failure rate reflects the expected outcome of all project including small, medium, and large.

A project/organization that does not meet or exceed expected business value is considered as a failed project/organization. Our view of project success is relatively straightforward. If you do what you are asked to do as per the project scope, then you should be on time and on-budget. If you deliver what you have committed to deliver, then you should achieve or exceed the business value promised. Of course, this is in the assumption that the bid is made properly. Proper bidding is very important for the successful execution of the project up on award. Clear understanding of the scope, identifying the major risks if any, defining the execution strategy including the execution centers (100% local, 100% overseas or blend of local and overseas execution centers) etc. are the important aspects that should be well thought of and defined in detail in the proposal submitted to client. An efficient hand over of the proposal to the execution team up on award should be done to ensure that the assumptions, execution strategy etc. are effectively communicated to the execution team.