bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endotrophin as a risk marker of mortality and kidney complications in a type 1 diabetes cohort
Authors: Møller Alexandra Louise , Tougaard Ninna Hahn , Rasmussen Daniel Guldager Kring , Genovese Federica , Rønn Pernille Falberg , Hansen Tine Willum , Karsdal Morten Asser , Rossing Peter
Published: September 2023

Hyperglycemia triggers pathological pathways leading to fibrosis, where extracellular matrix (ECM) components are accumulated. We investigated the potential of endotrophin, a pro-fibrotic molecule generated during collagen type VI formation, as a risk marker for complications to type 1 diabetes. Endotrophin was measured in serum and urine from 1,468 persons with type 1 diabetes. Outcomes included a composite kidney endpoint, first major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), all-cause mortality, progression of albuminuria, incident heart failure, and sight-threatening diabetic eye disease. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for conventional risk factors were applied. A doubling of serum endotrophin was independently associated with the kidney endpoint (n= 30/1,462; hazard ratio 3.39 [95% CI: 1.98–5.82]), all-cause mortality (n= 93/1,468; 1.44 [1.03–2.0]), and progression of albuminuria (n= 80/1,359; 1.82 [1.32–2.52]), but not with first MACE, heart failure, or sight-threatening diabetic eye disease after adjustment. Urinary endotrophin was not associated with any outcome after adjustment. Serum endotrophin was a risk marker for mortality and kidney complications in type 1 diabetes. Biomarkers of ECM remodeling, such as serum endotrophin, may identify persons with active pro-fibrotic processes at risk for complications in diabetes and where antifibrotic agents may reduce this risk.
Protective effect of carbon dots derived from scrambled Coptidis Rhizoma against ulcerative colitis in mice
Authors: Mou Yanfang , Bai Xue , Ma Huagen , Li Tingjie , Zhao Yafang , Wu Tong , Zhang Yue , Qu Huihua , Kong Hui , Wang Xueqian , Zhao Yan
Published: September 2023

Graphical Abstract

Schematic diagram of the synthesis of SCR-CDs and diagram of the experimental protocol.
Impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on white matter microstructure integrity in mild cognitive impairment patients according to effect modifiers as risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kang Dong Woo , Wang Sheng-Min , Um Yoo Hyun , Kim Sunghwan , Kim TaeYeong , Kim Donghyeon , Lee Chang Uk , Lim Hyun Kook
Published: September 2023

Background

Little research exists on how individual risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affect the intermediate phenotype after transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), despite the importance of precision medicine-based therapeutic approaches.

Objective

To determine how an application of sequential tDCS (2 mA/day, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, 10 sessions) affects changes in white matter (WM) microstructure integrity in 63 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients with effect modifiers such as Aβ deposition, APOE ε4 carrier status, BDNF Val66Met polymorphism status, and sex.

Methods

We examined individual effect modifier-by-tDCS interactions and multiple effect modifiers-by-tDCS interactions for diffusion metrics. We also evaluated the association between baseline Aβ deposition and changes in WM microstructure integrity following tDCS.

Results

We found that APOE ε4 carrier status and sex had a significant interaction with tDCS, resulting in increased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right uncinate fasciculus (UF) after stimulation. Additionally, we observed multiple effect modifiers-by-tDCS interactions on WM integrity of the right UF, leading to a more pronounced increase in FA values in APOE ε4 carriers and females with Val66 homozygotes. Finally, baseline Aβ deposition was positively associated with a difference in FA of the left cingulum in the hippocampal area, which showed a positive association with the changes in the score for delayed memory.

Conclusion

Our study shows the differential impact of individual AD risk factors on changes in the early intermediate phenotype after sequential tDCS in MCI patients. This research emphasizes the importance of precision medicine approaches in tDCS for the prodromal stages of AD.
Low-frequency oscillations in the brain show differential regional associations with severity of cerebral small vessel disease: a systematic review
Authors: Thomas James , Jezzard Peter , Webb Alastair J. S.
Published: September 2023

Background

Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is associated with endothelial dysfunction but the pathophysiology is poorly understood. Low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) in the BOLD signal partly reflect cerebrovascular function and have the potential to identify endothelial dysfunction in cSVD. A systematic review was performed to assess the reported relationships between imaging markers of cSVD and LFOs.

Methods

Medline and EMBASE were searched for original studies reporting an association between LFOs and STRIVE-defined imaging markers of cSVD, including: white matter hyperintensities (WMH), enlarged perivascular spaces, lacunes, CADASIL, and cerebral microbleeds, from inception to September 1, 2022. Variations in LFOs were extracted, where available, on a global, tissue-specific, or regional level, in addition to participant demographics, data acquisition, methods of analysis, and study quality. Where a formal meta-analysis was not possible, differences in the number of studies reporting LFO magnitude by presence or severity of cSVD were determined by sign test.

Results

15 studies were included from 841 titles. Studies varied in quality, acquisition parameters, and in method of analysis. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in resting state fMRI was most commonly assessed (12 studies). Across 15 studies with differing markers of cSVD (9 with WMH; 1 with cerebral microbleeds; 1 with lacunar infarcts; 1 with CADASIL; 3 with multiple markers), LFOs in patients with cSVD were decreased in the posterior cortex (22 of 32 occurrences across all studies, p = 0.05), increased in the deep grey nuclei (7 of 7 occurrences across all studies, p = 0.016), and potentially increased in the temporal lobes (9 of 11 occurrences across all studies, p = 0.065).

Conclusion

Despite limited consensus on the optimal acquisition and analysis methods, there was reasonably consistent regional variation in LFO magnitude by severity of cSVD markers, supporting its potential as a novel index of endothelial dysfunction. We propose a consistent approach to measuring LFOs to characterise targetable mechanisms underlying cSVD.
Effect of probiotics intake on constipation in children: an umbrella review
Authors: Dong Mingyang , Wu Yuting , Zhang Mengzhen , Chen Pengjun , Zhang Zhiyang , Wang Shu
Published: September 2023

Based on existing systematic reviews and meta-analyse we conducted this comprehensive review to evaluate the quality, effectiveness, and bias of evidence regarding the relationship between probiotic intake and improved constipation outcomes in children. A total of nine meta-analyses and systematic reviews were extracted from 628 articles, summarizing seven effectiveness indicators and the incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment of constipation. According to the results, our study revealed that the intake of probiotics in children with FC significantly improved treatment success rate and defecation frequency, while decreased the recurrence rate of constipation. However, no significant association was detected between probiotics intake and frequency of abdominal pain, stool consistency, frequency of defecation pain, frequency of fecal incontinence of children with FC. The intake of probiotics did not increase the incidence of adverse reactions and demonstrated good safety.
Changes in the global burden of foreign body aspiration among under-5 children from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Wu Yuying , Zhang Xin , Lin Zaigang , Ding Chenyu , Wu Yuxuan , Chen Yue , Wang Desheng , Yi Xuehan , Chen Fa
Published: September 2023

Background

To evaluate the changes in the global burden of foreign body aspiration (FBA) among children under 5 years old at regional, age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI) levels between 1990 and 2019.

Methods

Data on FBA was derived from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 database on pulmonary aspiration and foreign body in airway. The means and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for incidence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). The temporal trends were represented by estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) using Joinpoint regression.

Results

Globally, FBA caused 109.6 (95% UI: 69.5, 175.7) per 100,000 incidence and 317.9 (95% UI: 270.7, 372.4) per 100,000 DALYs under 5 years old in 2019. Many European countries (such as Italy, Netherlands, Iceland, etc.) showed a high incidence rate, but did not cause a large disease burden (DALYs all less than 200 per 100,000). Compared to 1990, although a decrease in both incidence and DALYs occurred in 2019, the Joinpoint regression showed an increasing trend in incidence rate from 2014 to 2019 [APC: both (2.10), female (2.25), male (1.98), P < 0.05)], especially China, Netherlands, and Malta. Despite the lower incidence rate in early neonatal group and middle SDI areas, they instead resulted in higher DALYs than other age groups and areas.

Conclusion

Although declines occurred in incidence and DALYs of FBA among children under 5 years of age from 1990 to 2014, an upward trend began to emerge from 2014 to 2019. The incidence and DALY rates were correlated with age and SDI. Increased efforts are needed to improve the necessary monitoring and reporting systems, hazard assessment, and public education activities.
Genome of Phyllanthus emblica: the medicinal plant Amla with super antioxidant properties
Authors: Mahajan Shruti , Bisht Manohar S. , Chakraborty Abhisek , Sharma Vineet K.
Published: September 2023

Phyllanthus emblica or Indian gooseberry, commonly known as amla, is an important medicinal horticultural plant used in traditional and modern medicines. It bears stone fruits with immense antioxidant properties due to being one of the richest natural sources of vitamin C and numerous flavonoids. This study presents the first genome sequencing of this species performed using 10x Genomics and Oxford Nanopore Technology. The draft genome assembly was 519 Mbp in size and consisted of 4,384 contigs, N50 of 597 Kbp, 98.4% BUSCO score, and 37,858 coding sequences. This study also reports the genome-wide phylogeny of this species with 26 other plant species that resolved the phylogenetic position of P. emblica. The presence of three ascorbate biosynthesis pathways including L-galactose, galacturonate, and myo-inositol pathways was confirmed in this genome. A comprehensive comparative evolutionary genomic analysis including gene family expansion/contraction and identification of multiple signatures of adaptive evolution provided evolutionary insights into ascorbate and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways and stone fruit formation through lignin biosynthesis. The availability of this genome will be beneficial for its horticultural, medicinal, dietary, and cosmetic applications and will also help in comparative genomics analysis studies.
Diversity of soil seed bank and influencing factors in the nascent wetland of the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Zhu Tao , Fang Qing , Jia Luhao , Zou Yuhan , Wang Xuehong , Qu Chenyu , Yu Junbao , Yang Jisong
Published: September 2023

Soil seed bank is the growth and reproduction source of vegetation community, playing an important role in vegetation establishment, succession and renewal, biodiversity maintenance. This study has selected the nascent wetland in the Yellow River Delta (YRD) formed in 1996 as study area and investigated the diversity and key influencing factors of soil seed bank diversity. The study results show that: (1) The soil seed bank in the study area has a simple structure, containing relatively few species. A total of five plant species, which belong to four families and five genera, were found in this bank, with Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa being the dominant plants. (2) All species are herbs without woody species. One herb is annual herb and the others are perennial herbs. (3) From the sea to the river, the changes rules of the overall density and diversity of the seed bank are not obvious. (4) The dispersal distance from salt and freshwater has a significant influence on the density of the soil seed bank but has no significant influence on the diversity. Meanwhile, the soil salt content has a significant negative influence on the diversity of seed banks. (5) Aboveground vegetation did not closely relationship with diversity of soil seed bank. All above results can provide basic data and scientific evidence for the conservation of vegetation communities in the nascent wetlands and vegetation restoration in the degraded wetlands in the YRD.
History of the administration of psychedelics in France
Authors: Dubus Zoe , Grandgeorge Elise , Verroust Vincent
Published: September 2023

This article reviews the historical protocols for the administration of “classic” psychedelics in France, from the 1920s to the 1960s. Taking a chronological approach, it investigates the way mescaline, LSD, and psilocybin were administered, the subjects involved, the route of administration, the dosage, and the epistemological context of the research. From the 1930s, the Sainte-Anne school dominated French experimentation with psychedelics, inserting these studies on “hallucinogens” into a biological conception of therapeutics, where the notion of “shock” dominated. The sessions show particularly anxious experiences, sometimes described as “torture” by the patients who underwent them. With just a few rare cases of recovery reported, these substances were not considered as medicines, but rather as tools for exploration in the context of experimental research; thought of not aspsychedelics(“mind manifesters”) but aspsychodysleptics(“mind disruptors”). While these tools could be useful for the diagnosis of sick patients, French physicians did not manage to demonstrate clear therapeutic benefits in the use of psychedelics, perhaps because of their reluctance, in most cases, to determine an optimum dose, and also very often to appreciate the context of administration and the relationship with the patient. This article allows us to understand the reasons for the therapeutic failures reported by these early French psychedelic researchers, but also to help explain the current reluctance of French health professionals who in the face of the “psychedelic renaissance” remain strongly influenced by the very negative early representations of these substances.
Unchanging dynamics in posttraumatic growth in cancer patients: ways of coping and illness perception
Authors: Bayraktar Seda , Ozkan Mine
Published: September 2023

Introduction

This study aims to address the positive changes due to traumatic experiences, such as being diagnosed with cancer and experiencing this disease for a certain period. Within this purpose, socio-demographic and disease-related variables, coping ways and illness perceptions that affect posttraumatic growth in cancer patients were examined. Secondly, the findings of this study, which is one of the first studies on posttraumatic growth in cancer patients in Turkey, were compared with the findings of current studies on the subject.

Method

Datums were collected by an interview form and three scales (Posttraumatic Growth Scale, Ways of Coping Inventory and Illness Perception Scale-R) to 78 cancer outpatients in Istanbul University Oncology Institute in 2007.

Results

Results showed that cancer patients have higher posttraumatic growth levels than the mean. According to analysis, posttraumatic growth total score between confrontive coping (t = −2.344, p < 0.05), self-controlling (t = −3.704, p < 0.001), accepting responsibility (t = −3.032, p < 0.01), escape-avoidance (t = −2.285, p < 0.05), planful problem solving (t = −2.502, p < 0.05), positive reappraisal (t = −5.241, p < 0.001), and seeking social support (t = −3.527, p < 0.01) has relationship. Also, there is a relation between posttraumatic growth subscales and the Revised form of Illness Perception Questionnaire; Change in relationships with others subscale (t = 2.887, p < 0.01) and Change in self-perception subscale (t = 2.660, p < 0.01) between timeline (acute/chronic), Change in self-perception subscale between timeline (cyclical) (t = −2.788, p < 0.01) and uncontrollable body factors (t = −1.916, p < 0.05) Change in philosophy of life subscale between external attributions (t = −2.057, p < 0.05) and Change in relationships with others subscale (t = −2.920, p < 0.01) between chance factors. It was found that positive reappraisal (F = 78.290, p < 0.001), self-controlling (F = 39.814, p < 0.001), and distancing (F = 46.311, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of posttraumatic growth total score. Results showed that ways of coping and illness perceptions were essential variables in posttraumatic growth.

Discussion

Studies on posttraumatic growth in Turkey and the world have significantly increased in recent years. This study aimed to examine the findings obtained from cancer patients in 2007 in discussion with the findings in the current literature. In this context, it is seen that the relevant variables affecting posttraumatic growth in cancer patients in different cultures do not change.
Association of sodium intake with diabetes in adults without hypertension: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2018
Authors: Ming Li , Wang Duan , Zhu Yong
Published: September 2023

Background

Sodium is essential for human health, however the prevalence of various diseases is associated with excessive sodium intake, particularly cardiovascular disorders. However, in most countries, salt intake is much higher than the World Health Organization recommends. Several studies in recent years have revealed that high salt intake is associated with diabetes in the general population, but the association is uncertain in people who do not have hypertension. In this study, we aimed to find out whether high sodium intake increases the risk of diabetes in this particular population.

Method

Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2009–2018). Participants included adults aged over 20 years old who have undergone the diabetes questionnaire, and the hypertension population was excluded. In order to adjust the confounders, multivariate analysis models were built. Finally, subgroup analysis were conducted to investigate the association between sodium intake and diabetes separately.

Result

In the present study, 7,907 participants are included (3,920 female and 3,987 male), and 512 (6.48%) individuals reported diabetes. The median sodium intake of the participants was 3,341 mg/d (IQR: 2498, 4,364 mg/d). A linear association between sodium intake and the prevalence of diabetes was found (p = 0.003). According to the multivariate analysis models, the odds ratio of diabetes for every 1,000 mg sodium intake increment is 1.20 (OR: 1.20, 95% CI 1.07–1.35). The highest sodium intake quartile was 1.80-fold more likely to have diabetes than the lowest quartile (OR: 1.80, 95% CI 1.17–2.76).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that higher sodium intake is associated with an increased risk of diabetes in the population without hypertension, and for every 1,000 mg sodium intake increment, the risk of diabetes increased by 1.20-fold. To sum up, we have provided the clue to the etiology of diabetes and further prospective research is needed to contribute recommendations for the primary prevention of diabetes in the US.
Repurposing a SARS-CoV-2 surveillance program for infectious respiratory diseases in a university setting
Authors: King Kylie L. , Ham Rachel , Smothers Austin , Lee Isaac , Bowie Tyler , Teetsel Erika , Peng Congyue , Dean Delphine
Published: September 2023

Standard multiplex RT-qPCR diagnostic tests use nasopharyngeal swabs to simultaneously detect a variety of infections, but commercially available kits can be expensive and have limited throughput. Previously, we clinically validated a saliva-based RT-qPCR diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2 to provide low-cost testing with high throughput and low turnaround time on a university campus. Here, we developed a respiratory diagnostic panel to detect SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B within a single saliva sample. When compared to clinical results, our assay demonstrated 93.5% accuracy for influenza A samples (43/46 concordant results) with no effect on SARS-CoV-2 accuracy or limit of detection. In addition, our assay can detect simulated coinfections at varying virus concentrations generated from synthetic RNA controls. We also confirmed the stability of influenza A in saliva at room temperature for up to 5 days. The cost of the assay is lower than standard nasopharyngeal swab respiratory panel tests as saliva collection does not require specialized swabs or trained clinical personnel. By repurposing the lab infrastructure developed for the COVID-19 pandemic, our multiplex assay can be used to provide expanded access to respiratory disease diagnostics, especially for community, school, or university testing applications where saliva testing was effectively utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Strengthening adolescents’ critical health literacy and scientific literacy to tackle mis- and dis-information. A feasibility study in Switzerland
Authors: Fiordelli Maddalena , Diviani Nicola , Farina Ramona , Pellicini Paolo , Ghirimoldi Alberto , Rubinelli Sara
Published: September 2023

Objectives

We aimed to develop and test the feasibility of a critical health literacy (CHL) and science literacy (SL) training course targeting secondary school students in Switzerland.

Methods

Using a community-based participatory approach, we developed a two-block training program, the first centered on argumentation skills and the second on scientific skills. We combined an ex-cathedra and a flipped-classroom approach, providing students with a deep understanding of CHL and SL concepts and the translational capability of implementing theoretical notions to real case scenarios. The feasibility study was designed as a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experiment. Beyond socio-demographics, questionnaires included measures of CHL, SL, trust in science, and perceived quality of the course.

Results

The curriculum was feasible and well-accepted by the target groups, teachers, and students. Students convincingly specified their perceived personal benefits associated with a positive change in CHL and SL scores after the training course.

Conclusion

Training CHL and SL in secondary school students is feasible and can improve their competencies. Results from present study can inform a large-scale study.
Prevalence of voice handicap among nurses in intensive care units due to occupational noise during pandemic
Authors: Song Ziwei , Lee Pyoung-Jik , Jung HeeJung
Published: September 2023

Background

Healthcare workers have been identified as being at risk of occupational voice disorders. Among them, nurses working in intensive care units (ICUs) are particularly vulnerable due to the risk factors that are associated with their exposure to high levels of noise. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of voice disorders among ICU nurses.

Methods

A questionnaire was administered to 100 ICU nurses from four hospitals in China. The questionnaire assessed vocal-related symptoms, perceived voice handicap, frequently heard noise sources, and the quality of communications.

Results

Results indicate that the most frequently reported voice symptoms were ‘voice tiredness’ and ‘voiceless’. Nurses working more than 50 h per week experienced voice symptoms more frequently than nurses working for 40–50 h per week. The median value of the perceived voice handicap score (VHI-30) was 23, indicating mild voice handicap, while 24% of the nurses reported severe voice handicap. Longer working hours and working at patient wards were significantly associated with higher VHI-30 scores. The nurses also reported that the quality of verbal communication with patients and colleagues and voice problems worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion

More than 20% of nurses reported severe voice handicap, however, voice handicap among ICU nurses did not appear universally to all nurses. Further research is necessary to identify the risk factors associated with voice disorders and the mechanism behind such heterogeneity among ICU nurses.
Computers as a Tool to Empower Students and Enhance Their Learning Experience: A Social Sciences Case Study
Authors: Buentello-Montoya David Antonio
Published: September 2023

Computers in mathematics education help foster abstract concepts and solve problems that are unsolvable by hand. Moreover, students whose major does not have a mathematical background often struggle with the topic and may require learning aid. Although extensive research has been conducted on the effect of computers and different software in learning, students’ perception on computers to solve mathematical problems has scarcely been studied. In this work, a group of undergraduate social sciences students were given computers to learn mathematics and solve contextual real-life problems, with the aim of facilitating learning and providing empowerment. After the courses, the students were asked their perception of computers and mathematics to obtain descriptive results on their perception. Responses indicated that with computers, students felt learning and solving mathematics problems was easier (85% of the answers), they felt more confident about their skills (69%), and could think of new ways to solve problems (54%). Moreover, a text analysis was conducted using software to assess open-ended questions, and the results indicated that most answers were positive in nature. Additionally, the students were given the chance to rate the mathematics course using computers, and the course received a rating of 9.5/10, indicating the methodology was liked.
Effect of Cold and Hot Compounds Forming on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties in the Deformation Zone of Sharp-Edged High-Strength Steel Sections
Authors: Yao Wenqiu , Han Jingtao , Wu Chunjing , Cao Zhongqian
Published: September 2023

We researched the cold and hot composite-forming process, setting the forming speed at 2 m/min, the induction heating frequency at 40 KHz, and the induction current at 3000 A, and manufactured curtain wall steel with sharp corners. We analyzed the microstructure and mechanical properties of the deformation zone of the sharp-edged section using a tensile test, impact test analysis, metallographic observation (OM), fracture morphology observation, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The results show that the formed profile had a 96% reduction in the radius of the outer fillet and a 76% increase in the thickness of the corner compared to the pre-formed shape. The tensile strength increased by 3.6%, and the elongation after break increased by 13%. A forming temperature of 850 °C and forming deformation of 70% were determined as the optimum process parameters.
Experimental Study on the Curing Mechanism of Red Mud-Based Stabilized Soil Co-Modified by Nano-SiO2 and Gypsum
Authors: Chen Shengjin , Ou Xiaoduo , Jiang Jie , Tan Zhijie
Published: September 2023

In order to effectively utilize red mud and reduce its occupation of land resources, as well as its impact on the environment, experiments were conducted to develop stabilized soil materials using nano-SiO2 synergistically modified red mud and to investigate the curing mechanism of stabilized soil. The unconfined compressive strength, microscopic morphology, and curing mechanism of the red mud-based stabilized soil materials with different amounts of modified materials were investigated. The test results show that after 7 days of curing, the unconfined compressive strength of red mud-based stabilized soil meets the compressive strength requirement of road base material when nano-SiO2, gypsum, and cement are synergistically modified. In such cases, the soil structure has the lowest fracture rate and the best structural compactness when the amount of nano-SiO2 is 1%. It is found that the needle-like and columnar calcium alumina in the modified red mud-based stabilized soil increases, and the binding energy of hydration product ions in the modified material is improved. The chemical curing mechanism of modified red mud-based stabilized soil includes hydration reaction, pozzolanic reaction, promotion effect of nano-SiO2, and enhancement effect of gypsum. On this base, a model of the early start hydration process of red mud-based stabilized soil promoted by nano-SiO2 is established.
Comparsion of Catalyst Effectiveness in Different Chemical Depolymerization Methods of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Muszyński Marcin , Nowicki Janusz , Zygadło Mateusz , Dudek Gabiela
Published: September 2023

This paper presents an overview of the chemical recycling methods of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) described in the scientific literature in recent years. The review focused on methods of chemical recycling of PET including hydrolysis and broadly understood alcoholysis of polymer ester bonds including methanolysis, ethanolysis, glycolysis and reactions with higher alcohols. The depolymerization methods used in the literature are described, with particular emphasis on the use of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and ionic liquids, as well as auxiliary substances such as solvents and cosolvents. Important process parameters such as temperature, reaction time, and pressure are compared. Detailed experimental results are presented focusing on reaction yields to allow for easy comparison of applied catalysts and for determination of the most favorable reaction conditions and methods.
Glycosylation Contributes to Thermostability and Proteolytic Resistance of rFIP-nha (Nectria haematococca)
Authors: Liu Yusi , Hoppenbrouwers Tamara , Wang Yulu , Xie Yingying , Wei Xue , Zhang Haowen , Du Guoming , Imam Khandader Md Sharif Uddin , Wichers Harry , Li Zhen , Bastiaan-Net Shanna
Published: September 2023

Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins, contributing to protein function, stability and subcellular localization. Fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) are a group of small proteins with notable immunomodulatory activity, some of which are glycoproteins. In this study, the impact of glycosylation on the bioactivity and biochemical characteristics of FIP-nha (from Nectria haematococca) is described. Three rFIP-nha glycan mutants (N5A, N39A, N5+39A) were constructed and expressed in Pichia pastoris to study the functionality of the specific N-glycosylation on amino acid N5 and N39. Their protein characteristics, structure, stability and activity were tested. WT and mutants all formed tetramers, with no obvious difference in crystal structures. Their melting temperatures were 82.2 °C (WT), 81.4 °C (N5A), 80.7 °C (N39A) and 80.1 °C (N5+39A), indicating that glycosylation improves thermostability of rFIP-nha. Digestion assays showed that glycosylation on either site improved pepsin resistance, while 39N-glycosylation was important for trypsin resistance. Based on the 3D structure and analysis of enzyme cleavage sites, we conclude that glycosylation might interfere with hydrolysis via increasing steric hindrance. WT and mutants exerted similar bioactivity on tumor cell metabolism and red blood cells hemagglutination. Taken together, these findings indicate that glycosylation of FIP-nha impacts its thermostability and digestion resistance.
Mass Spectrometric Fingerprint Mapping Reveals Species-Specific Differences in Plant Polyphenols and Related Bioactivities
Authors: Vanhakylä Suvi , Salminen Juha-Pekka
Published: September 2023

Plant species show large variation in the composition and content of their tannins and other polyphenols. These large metabolites are not easy to measure accurately, but they are important factors for species bioactivity and chemotaxonomy. Here, we used an automated group-specific UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS tool to detect and quantify eight most common polyphenol groups in 31 chemically diverse plant species representing many types of growth forms and evolutionary ages. Ten replicate plants were used for each species and two polyphenol-related bioactivities, i.e., protein precipitation capacity and oxidative activity were measured in all samples as well. By the help of a novel 2D fingerprint mapping tool we were able to visualize the qualitative and quantitative differences between the species in hydrolysable tannins (galloyl and hexahydroxydiphenoyl derivatives), proanthocyanidins (procyanidins and prodelphinidins), flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin derivatives) and quinic acid derivatives together with the two bioactivities. The highest oxidative activities were found with species containing ellagitannins (e.g., Quercus robur, Geranium sylvaticum, Lythrum salicaria and Chamaenerion angustifolium) or prodelphinidin-rich proanthocyanidins (e.g., Ribes alpinum, Salix phylicifolia and Lysimachia vulgaris). The best species with high protein precipitation capacity were rich in gallotannins (Acer platanoides and Paeonia lactiflora) or oligomeric ellagitannins (e.g., Comarum palustre, Lythrum salicaria and Chamaenerion angustifolium). These types of tools could prove their use in many types of screening experiments and might reveal even unusually active polyphenol types directly from the crude plant extracts.
KLASIFIKASI MUTU BERAS MENGGUNAKAN K-NN BERBASIS BACKWARD ELIMINATION
Authors: Amrulloh Muhammad Faishol , Ali Muhammad Mahrus , Sirodjudin Mochamad
Published: September 2023

CLASSIFICATION RICE QUALITY USING K-NN BACKWARD-BASED ELIMINATIONRice is one of the most important agricultural products. And it is a strategic commodity because almost all Indonesian people need it. Because of the importance of the function of rice as a staple food ingredient, the quality of the rice to be consumed must be ensured to be of high quality. Determination of the quality or quality of rice until now has been done by many previous researchers. However, of the several methods that have been selected, the majority use image processing. Rice quality data processing using data mining is still rarely done. In this study, the dataset that will be used comes from the Probolinggo Regency Agriculture Service database which has 1 special attribute and 9 regular attributes. The attributes are: variety, length, shape, color, taste, rice planting technique, season, pests, PH and quality. The method that will be used in this study is the backward elimination-based K-NN method.From the results of the analysis and computation of several methods, it can be concluded that the backward elimination-based K-NN method used to increase the accuracy of rice classification resulted in several conclusions. Namely the attributes that affect the determination of rice quality are variety, shape, color, technique, season, pests and PH. While the features that are considered to have no effect are taste and length. As for the data as much as 4952, the best accuracy is 83.08% when k = 1, while for the data as much as 2000, then the best accuracy is 87.70% at k = 1, while for the data as much as 1000, the best accuracy is 98.60%, namely when k=1.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE RELIABILITY CENTERED MAINTENANCE PADA KOMPONEN KRITIS TURBIN UAP DI PT MADUBARU
Authors: Lelu Maria Eva Susanti , Setiafindari Widya
Published: September 2023

IMPLEMENTATION OF RELIABILITY CENTERED MAINTENANCE METHOD ON CRITICAL COMPONENTS OF STEAM TURBINE AT PT MADUBARUSteam turbine is a machine that can be used to convert heat energy from steam into mechanical energy so that it can produce electrical energy. As a source of electrical energy, PT Madubaru utilizes this steam turbine. The purpose of this research is to determine the Mean Time To Failure or MTTF and Mean Time To Repair or MTTR values and which components of this steam turbine have the highest Risk Priority Number (RPN) based on FMEA analysis. This study uses FMEA analysis and the Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) method. From the results of data processing that has been done it is known that the most critical component is the coupling component with a damage percentage level of 21.62% of the other components. Based on the calculation of the MTTF value, the result is 1863.74, this means that the coupling component needs to be maintained or checked after operating for 1863.74 hours or around 77,656 days. In addition, for the calculation of the MTTR value, the result is 0.7941 hours, which means that the coupling component takes 0.7941 hours to repair. While the FMEA analysis showed that the coupling component received the highest RPN value of 24 out of the other components. The cause that occurred was due to a broken coupling membrane which hampered the production process because it was necessary to repair the component.
Hukum Memberikan Rating dan Informasi yang Tidak Benar Perspektif Fatwa MUI No 24 Tahun 2017 pada Online Shop di Kota Medan
Authors: Khalisah Mutia , Zahara Fatimah
Published: September 2023

This study aims to comprehend the legal aspects related to providing inaccurate ratings and data according to the Fatwa MUI No. 24 of 2017 concerning online stores in the city of Medan. Several online business platforms like Shopi, Lazada, and Tokopedia offer rating and survey features visible to buyers. These ratings, usually represented by stars, and surveys reflect views or analyses of the service provided by the merchants. However, the presence of this evaluation feature can be detrimental to businesses if buyers give ratings and surveys that do not align with facts and lack clear reasons, even though the businesses have genuinely provided good customer service. The focus of this research is to analyze the legal aspects regarding the provision of inaccurate ratings and data that harm businesses, referring to the Fatwa MUI No. 24 of 2017 about online stores in the city of Medan. This study employs an exact juridical approach with an exploratory examination strategy that emphasizes valid investigation. The Fatwa explicitly highlights prohibited activities in web-based communication and entertainment for the Islamic community, including fraudulent actions, defamation, mutual insults, and threats.
Acesso à saúde por parte dos refugiados recolocados Estratégias de acolhimento e integração das instituições da sociedade civil portuguesa
Authors: Bäckström Bárbara , Gomes de Sousa Lúcio Manuel , Costa Paulo Manuel , Magano Olga , De Sousa Albuquerque Rosana
Published: September 2023

O texto aborda a saúde no contexto do processo de recolocação de refugiados em Portugal, a partir das instituições da sociedade civil que acolheram os refugiados, no contexto do processo de recolocação que ocorreu na sequência da crise de 2015. O olhar sobre a saúde debruça-se sobre a relação institucional com as entidades oficiais, com os serviços de saúde; as estratégias utilizadas no acesso aos cuidados de saúde; as principais dificuldades nesse acesso e os problemas de saúde referidos. Partimos quer das respostas aos questionários, quer das entrevistas realizados no âmbito de uma investigação sobre o papel e as práticas das instituições de acolhimento na integração de refugiados em Portugal entre 2017-2019. Concluímos que apesar do acesso à saúde estar previsto e garantido, surgem obstáculos no dia-a-dia, nos contextos reais locais, devido principalmente a barreiras linguísticas e culturais, falta de respostas no sistema de saúde público para algumas especialidades, sobretudo ao nível da saúde mental. A rede de apoio e o papel dos voluntários foram essenciais. Recomenda-se a criação de uma rede estruturada de mediadores interculturais e intérpretes para fazer o acompanhamento sistemático dos refugiados recolocados.
Fatalistic Tendency as a Predict of Disaster Preparedness Beliefs in University Students
Authors: DEMİRBİLEK Ömer , UZMAN Ersin
Published: September 2023

This study aims to examine whether fatalism tendency is a predictor of disaster preparedness belief in university students. In this study in which correlational research design was used, the data were obtained by convenience sampling method from the students studying at a university and voluntarily participating in the study. Demographic information form, fatalism scale and disaster preparedness belief scale were used as data collection tools. Data were collected through online forms. A total of 212 university students with an average age of 19.92±1.46 years, mostly 169 (79.72%) of whom were female, participated in the study. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyse the data. As a result of the study, fatalism tendencies of the students were found to be moderate and disaster preparedness belief levels were found to be high. When the relationships between the participants' fatalistic tendencies and disaster preparedness beliefs were analysed, a significant negative relationship was found between fatalistic tendency and disaster preparedness beliefs. The results showed that as the perception of personal control weakened and the belief in luck and superstition increased, the belief in disaster preparedness decreased. In addition, regression analysis revealed that the weak perception of personal control and the tendency to believe in luck and superstitious beliefs contributed to the belief in disaster preparedness.
Non-Steroid Anti-İnflmatuvar ilaç kullanımına bağlı multiorgan yetmezliği: Olgu sunumu
Authors: Mamiş Mehmet Selim , Uyanıkoğlu Ahmet
Published: September 2023

ÖZET
Bu olgu sunumunda acil servise bilinç bulanıklığı ile başvuran,
non-steroid anti-inflamatuar ilaç kullanımına bağlı multiorgan
yetmezliği gelişen hastayı sunmayı amaçladık. Acil servise 32
yaşında erkek hasta uykuya meyil ve bilinç bulanıklığı şikâyeti
ile getirildi. Bilinen kronik herhangi bir hastalığının olmadığı,
alkol kullanım ve madde bağımlılığı hikayesinin olmadığı
söylendi. Hasta yakınlarından alınan anamnezde son 1 yıldır
diş ağrıları için düzensiz ve kontrolsüz şekilde naproksen +
kodein (550 mg / 30 mg) içeren tablet ilaç kullandığı öğrenildi.
Genelde günde 1-4 tablet arasında kullanmak üzere, en son
acil servisimize başvurduğu gün 3 tablet kullandığı öğrenildi.
Yapılan fizik muayenesinde genel durumu orta, bilinci açık,
uykuya meyilli ve letarjik, konuşma bozukluğu, terleme,
pupillerinde bilateral miyozis saptandı. Oda havasında
oksijen saturasyonu (SaO2) 89’lara kadar düşüp nazal
oksijen desteği ile SaO2 >96 olması dışındaki vitalleri stabildi.
Bakılan laboratuvar sonuçlarında 10 katı geçen transaminaz
yüksekliği ve protrombin zamanında uzama saptanan hasta,
akut karaciğer yetmezliği ön tanısı ile hastanenin yoğun bakım
ünitesinde tedavi ve takibine devam edildi. Acil servise bilinç
bulanıklığı ile hastaneye başvuran, herhangi bir komorbid
hastalığı olmayan ve özellikle genç hastalarda ilaç kullanımının
sorgulanması unutulmamalıdır. Karaciğer yetmezliği tespit
edilen bu hastalarda, nakil yapılabilecek durumların gözden
kaçmaması gerekir. Transplantasyon endikasyonu olması
durumunda, organ nakillerinin yapıldığı merkezlerde tedavi ve
takipleri yapılmalıdır.
DESIGN AND EXPERIMENT OF SMALL VEGETABLE SEEDER WITH SINGLE DISC MULTI-ROW SEEDING AND INDEPENDENT AIRWAY
Authors: ZHANG Yinping , YANG Xin , LI Xiaoran , WANG Zhenwei , ZHOU Hua , WANG Jiasheng
Published: September 2023

In this paper, a small pneumatic vegetable precision seeder suitable for facility greenhouses was designed. Based on the traditional positive and negative pressure seed-metering device, the airway disc structure was designed, and the negative pressure air chamber was divided into three separate air chambers. The separate
air chambers could solve the problems of high-pressure requirements of traditional seed-metering device with large air chamber and suitable for small power machineries more. One, two, or three rows drill can be completed by replacing the seed plate and divider. The seed discharge process of the seed-metering device was analyzed and the bench test was performed. Results showed that the required pressure of the seedmetering device with the airway disk was 1 kPa less than traditional seed-metering device with large air chamber when the eligible rate of seed discharge was 95%. Field experiments were performed, results showed that the best performance were achieved under the speed of 3 km/h, for 3.72 % missed, 1.93% repeat and 94.35 % of inner ring, and 5.72%, 1.87% and 92.41% respectively of outer, meeting the requirements for vegetable seeding.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PRESSURE METHODS ON THE GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF BUCKWHEAT
Authors: LIU Yun , LV Weiran , LI Lihong , XU Bing , ZHENG Decong , LU Qi
Published: September 2023

In order to fully explore the influence of different pressure methods on the growth characteristics of buckwheat, a pressure test device with adjustable press force, and easy to replace the press wheel was designed. Using the dry matter quality of buckwheat roots, stems, leaves at seedling stage, plant height, number of main stem nodes, number of main stem branches, grain number per plant, grain weight per plant, and yield as evaluation indexes, single factor test on press force was carried out, and three-factor and three-level orthogonal test was carried out too with press wheel outer diameter, press force and press wheel type as factors. The results showed that the index values of buckwheat showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of press force. When the press force was 450 N, the growth and development of buckwheat performed best. The effects of press wheel outer diameter, press force, and press wheel type on growth characteristics of buckwheat was different. The effects of press force and press wheel type on the indexes were greater than that of press wheel outer diameter. The optimal pressure methods of buckwheat sowing are as follows: the press wheel outer diameter is 300 mm, the press force is 450 N, and the press wheel type is conical combined wheel. The results of this study could provide reference for the improvement of high-yield mechanized sowing technology of buckwheat and the design of rational pressure device.
OPTIMIZED DESIGN AND TESTING OF A PEANUT-PICKING DEVICE WITH A LARGE FEEDING VOLUME
Authors: LI Xu , SHANG Shuqi , HE Xiaoning , ZHAO Zelong , ZHANG Ning , HOU Yaxiu , ZHANG Jinbiao , WANG Dongwei
Published: September 2023

For a peanut picking device with a feeding rate greater than 5 kg/s, the problem of low picking rate and high damage rate will occur during the picking process. A discrete element model is developed to determine the range of values of the main influencing factors affecting the peanut picking device. A three-factor, three-level orthogonal combination test was carried out with feeding volume, drum speed, and peanut picking gap as test factors to investigate the effects of the main influencing factors on the quality of peanut picking operation of the peanut picking device. The results of the field trials showed that the best results were achieved at the optimum combination of drum speed of 508 r·min-1, peanut picking gap of 22 mm, and feeding volumes of 6.3 kg/s. At this time, the peanut picking rate was 99.17%, and the peanut breakage rate was 0.91, meeting the standard technical requirements for mechanized peanut harvesting. The study results provide a theoretical basis for further enhancing the development of peanut combine harvesting equipment.