bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sv. Jurij na Legnu – zgodnjesrednjeveška cerkev in grobišče
Authors: Modrijan Zvezdana , Strmčnik Gulič Mira
Published: July 2020

Med raziskavami v notranjosti današnje podružnične cerkve Sv. Jurija na Legnu pri Slovenj Gradcu so bili odkriti ostanki zgodnjesrednjeveške cerkve in grobišča. Zgodnjesrednjeveška cerkev je pravokotnega tlorisa, na vzhodni strani ima polkrožno apsido, ki je na zunanji strani pravokotno obzidana, na zahodni strani pa vhodno vežo. Okrog cerkve se je širilo sočasno grobišče. Večina grobov je bila odkrita v notranjosti današnje cerkve. Zgodnjesrednjeveški grobovi so bili močno poškodovani med gradnjo romanske cerkve, z njenimi kasnejšimi prezidavami ter srednjeveškimi in novoveškimi pokopi. Kljub temu nekatere grobne celote in posamični predmeti omogočajo datacijo cerkve in pripadajočega grobišča v čas zadnje tretjine 9. in predvsem v 10. st. Predhodnica Sv. Jurija je tako ena redkih raziskanih zidanih cerkva iz tega obdobja na območju jugovzhodnih Alp.
Ostanki velikih sesalcev holocenske starosti iz jame Stenašca/Grotta dell’Edera na Tržaškem Krasu (izkopavanja v letih 1990–2001)
Authors: Boschin Francesco
Published: July 2020

Predstavljeni so rezultati zooarheološke in tafonomske analize ostankov velikih sesalcev iz jame Stenašca/Grotta dell’Edera) na Tržaškem Krasu. Najstarejše človekove sledi so datirane v mezolitik (sovterjen). Ljudje so se namreč v jami občasno zadrževali že v predborealu, intenzivneje pa so jo začeli obiskovati v borealu in v začetku atlantika. Zadnja faza prisotnosti mezolitskih skupin je časovno umeščena v kastelnovjen. Označujejo jo ostanki domačih in lovnih živali, pri čemer večji del kosti izkazuje sledi neposredne izpostavljenosti vremenskim pojavom. To bi lahko pričalo o razmeroma počasnem odlaganju omenjene plasti, ki je povzročilo nastanek palimpsesta, vendar bi dokončna razjasnitev problematike terjala več geoarheoloških podatkov. Za skupek živalskih ostankov iz neolitskih in eneolitskih plasti je značilna očitna prevlada kosti in zob drobnice, pa tudi postopna rast števila najdb domačega prašiča in goveda. Na podlagi prisotnosti posameznih kosti ovčjih in/ali kozjih zarodkov je mogoče sklepati na naraven pogin teh živali. Slednje kliče k previdnosti pri oceni starostnih profilov domestikatov z najdišč, ki so bila uporabljana kot staje.
Podzemelj – železnodobno središče v Beli krajini v luči novih raziskav
Authors: Grahek Lucija , Kovač Otmar
Published: July 2020

V prispevku predstavljamo železnodobno središče v Podzemlju. Kronološki pregled starih raziskovanj naselja in pripadajočih grobišč dopolnjujemo s predstavitvijo prvih rezultatov novih naselbinskih izkopavanj na južnem vrhu Kučarja, kjer sta bili odkriti dve stopnji halštatske poselitve. Prvič so bile raziskane ostaline obrambnega nasipa, najverjetneje ruševine zidu, s katerim je bil južni vrh obdan šele v mlajši fazi. Na tem območju so bile ohranjene tudi sledi poselitve iz mlajše železne dobe.

Raziskave na južnem vrhu Kučarja in odkritje grobišča na Pezdirčevi njivi na zahodni strani naselja pomembno dopolnjujejo naše vedenje o razvoju železnodobnega središča v Podzemlju.

Na grobišču, najverjetneje planem, ki še ni v celoti raziskano in zamejeno, sta bili odkriti dve skupini grobov, ki ju datiramo na sam konec halštatskega obdobja in v mlajšo železno dobo, pri čemer slednja nedvomno sodi v viniško kulturno skupino.

Obe raziskavi sta še v teku in bosta celovito predstavljeni v prihodnjih letih.
Interdisciplinarne raziskave železarskega središča Cvinger pri Dolenjskih Toplicah iz starejše železne dobe
Authors: Črešnar Matija , Mušič Branko , Horn Barbara , Vinazza Manca , Leskovar Tamara , Harris Samuel E. , Batt Catherine M. , Dolinar Nejc
Published: July 2020

Prazgodovinski kompleks Cvinger pri Dolenjskih Toplicah leži na strateški točki na prehodu med Dolenjsko in Belo krajino. Tukaj odkrite najdbe so imele pomembno vlogo pri opredelitvi mlajšega halštatskega obdobja v jugovzhodnih Alpah. Prav tako pomembno je odkritje železarsko-talilniškega območja.

V zadnjih letih pa je bil Cvinger predmet interdisciplinarnih raziskav, ki so povezale sodobne tehnike daljinskega zaznavanja, kot so zračno lasersko skeniranje in geofizikalne meritve, s tradicionalnimi arheološkimi metodami. Rezultati so pripeljali do novih dognanj o celotnem kompleksu, vključno z natančnejšo datacijo talilniškega območja, pridobljeno z metodo arheomagnetnega datiranja.
An Adult Patient with Suspected of Monkeypox Infection Differential Diagnosed to Chickenpox
Authors: Tumewu Junis , Wardiana Maya , Ervianty Evy , Sawitri  , Rahmadewi  , Astindari  , Anggraeni Sylvia , Widia Yuri , Amin Mochamad , Sulichah Siti Rochmanah Oktaviani , Kuntaman K. , Juniastuti  , Lusida Maria Inge
Published: July 2020

Background: Monkeypox is a zoonosis. The disease has a similar appearance to chickenpox caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). On May 9th 2019, there was one laboratory-confirmed case of monkeypox reported in Singapore. A man was also suspected of having monkeypox on June 1st 2019 in Surabaya, Indonesia, a neighboring country. Objective: To report on a suspected case of monkeypox with differential diagnosis to chickenpox. Case: A 51-year-old male was suspected of having monkeypox after a differential diagnosis of chickenpox. His chief complaint was multiple blisters on his body. From the dermatological status on his facial, trunk and extremity regions, there were multiple pleiomorphic vesicles, some with umbilication, with a centripetal distribution, and crusts. Methods and Results: A PCR using VZV specific primers, followed by genome sequencing showed homologies of more than 99 % to other VZVs and less than 50% to Monkeypox sequences. Conclusion: Molecular laboratory techniques have confirmed the case as chickenpox.
Performance Comparison of Two Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test with Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Gold Standard of Microscopy Detection Method
Authors: Wardhani Puspa , Butarbutar Trieva Verawaty , Adiatmaja Christophorus Oetama , Betaubun Amarensi Milka , Hamidah Nur , Aryati
Published: July 2020

Background: The diagnostic test for malaria is mostly based on Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and detection by microscopy. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is also a sensitive detection method that can be considered as a diagnostic tool. The outcome of malaria microscopy detection depends on the examiner's ability and experience. Some RDT has been distributed in Indonesia, which needs to be evaluated for their results. Objective: This study aimed to compare the performance of RightSign RDT and ScreenPlus RDT for detection of Plasmodium in human blood. We used specific real-time polymerase chain reaction abTESTMMalaria qPCRII) and gold standard of microscopy detection method to measure diagnostic efficiency. Methods: Blood specimens were evaluated using RightSign RDT, ScreenPlus RDT, Microscopy detection, and RT-PCR as the protocol described. The differences on specificity (Sp), sensitivity (Sn), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were analyzed using McNemar and Kruskal Wallis analysis. Results: A total of 105 subjects were recruited. Based on microscopy test, RightSign RDT had sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV, 100%, 98%, 98.2%, 100%, respectively. ScreenPlus showed 100% sensitivity, 98% specificity, 98.2% PPV, 100% NPV. The sensitivity of both RDTs became lower (75%) and the specificity higher (100 %) when using real-time PCR. Both RDTs showed a 100% agreement. RT-PCR detected higher mix infection when compared to microscopy and RDTs. Conclusion: RightSign and ScreenPlus RDT have excellent performance when using microscopy detection as a gold standard. Real-time PCR method can be considered as a confirmation tool for malaria diagnosis.
Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transmitted Drug Resistance among Treatment-Naive Individuals Residing in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Khairunisa Siti Qamariyah , Megasari Ni Luh Ayu , Rahayu Retno Pudji , Witaningrum Adiana Mutamsari , Ueda Shuhei , Yunifiar M Muhammad Qushai , Indriati Dwi Wahyu , Kotaki Tomohiro , Rusli Adria , Nasronudin  , Kameoka Masanori
Published: July 2020

The presence of transmitted drug resist- ance (TDR) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected individuals naive to antiretroviral therapy, may affect the effectiveness of treatment. Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, recorded the high- est number of cumulative HIV infection cases in the country. This study aimed to identify on the appearance of TDR, as well as to identify HIV-1 subtypes circulating among treatment-naive individuals in Jakarta. Whole blood samples collected from 43 HIV-1 infected, treatment-naive individuals. Viral subtyping and drug resist- ance testing were performed on HIV-1 pol genes amplified using nested polymerase chain reaction. CRF01_AE was detected most frequently in Jakarta (73.08%). Drug resistance-related major mutation was not detected in protease fragments of pol gene, but two major mutations, K103N (6.67%) and Y181C (6.67%), were detected in reverse transcriptase fragments of pol gene. Our results suggest that TDR was emerged in Jakarta at a certain extent, thus further surveillance study to monitor the TDR prevalence and circulating HIV-1 subtypes in this region is considered to be necessary.
Analysis of Lymphocyte T(CD4+) Cells Expression on Severe Early Childhood Caries and Free Caries
Authors: Luthfi Muhammad , Rachmadi Priyawan , Oki Aqsa Sjuhada , Indrawati Retno , Sosiawan Agung , Rifa’i Muhaimin
Published: July 2020

Early childhood caries (ECC) is still one of the many diseases found in children throughout the world. Cariogenic bacteria are a significant risk factor for ECC associated with early colonization and high levels of cariogenic microbes (Streptococcus mutans, S. mutans). Lymphocyte T (CD4+) cells known as helper T cells, are effector cells for mediated host immunity. Naive T cells (CD4+) must be activated to initiate effector function. This activation occurs through interaction with professional antigen- presenting cells (pro-APC), especially dendritic cells that lead to intracellular pathways that regulate T cell receptor (TCR) more specifically against antigen in T cells. Lymphocyte cells from samples were collected from severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and Free caries aged 5 to 6 years. The subjects were instructed to gargle 10 mL of sterile NaCl 1.5% solution for 30 seconds, and expectorate it into a sterile glass then analyzing T lymphocyte cell (CD4+) expression using flow cytometry. Lymphocyte T (CD4+) cell expression at SECC (6.2525 ± 64482) while in free caries (8.4138 ± 1.10397) with P-value (P = 0. 000). Conclusion of lymphocyte T (CD4+) cells expression at S-ECC is lower than that occurring in free caries.
Frequency and risk factors of bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity in South Indian patients with germ-cell tumors
Authors: Thakkar Dimpal N. , Ramasamy Kesavan , Adithan Subathra , Selvarajan Sandhiya , Dubashi Biswajit
Published: July 2020

Aim:

Bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) regimen is the standard treatment for germ-cell tumors (GCTs). Bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity (BPT) is fatal and dose-limiting toxicity associated with this regimen. In this study, we aimed to identify the frequency and risk factors of BPT in South Indian GCT patients receiving BEP regimen.

Patients and Methods:

The study was carried out in the Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre at a tertiary care hospital in South India. All the patients with GCT (testicular and ovarian) who were receiving BEP regimen from December 2014 to May 2018 were included in the study. BPT was defined as the presence of radiological features and/or clinical symptoms during or post-treatment.

Results:

BPT was observed in 11 (27%) patients of 41 analyzed patients. Five (12%) patients developed BPT during treatment whereas six (15%) patients developed BPT post-treatment. Cumulative bleomycin dose ≥240 mg (relative risk 3.8, confidence interval: 1.2–12.2,P =0.02) was found to increase the risk of BPT. Three-year overall survival in patients with and without toxicity was 82% and 93%, respectively.

Conclusions:

The frequency of BPT in the study population is 27%, and cumulative bleomycin dose ≥240 mg has been found to be associated with increased risk of developing BPT. BPT does not negatively impact survival outcome in GCT patients receiving BEP regimen.
Convexity of power functions and bilinear embedding for divergence-form operators with complex coefficients
Authors: Carbonaro Andrea , Dragičević Oliver
Published: July 2020

We introduce a condition on accretive matrix functions, called

p

-ellipticity, and discuss its applications to the

L^p

theory of elliptic PDEs with complex coefficients. Our examples are: (i) generalized convexity of power functions (Bellman functions), (ii) dimension-free bilinear embeddings, (iii)

L^p

-contractivity of semigroups, and (iv) holomorphic functional calculus. Recent work by Dindos and Pipher established close ties between

p

-ellipticity and (v) regularity theory of elliptic PDEs with complex coefficients. The

p

-ellipticity condition arises from studying uniform positivity of a quadratic form associated with the matrix in question on the one hand, and the Hessian of a power function on the other. Our results regarding contractivity extend earlier theorems by Cialdea and Maz’ya.
Isolated Dislocation of the Distal Radioulna Joint: An Unrecognized Emergency
Authors: Fanjalalaina Ralahy , Zakarimanana Randimbinirina , Florelia Andrianimaro , Amboara Rohimpitiavana , Henri Razafimahandry
Published: July 2020

Dislocation of the isolated distal radioulna joint (DRUJ) is rare. The clinical and radiological signs are not suggestive, making diagnosis difficult and sometimes late. Care remains disparate for both recent and neglected forms. To illustrate the management of these lesions in light of data from literature, we report two cases of isolated dislocation of the distal radioulna joint. The first patient was a 22-year-old woman who presented with a recent palmar traumatic dislocation of the left DRUJ whose reduction followed by immobilization restored the function and mobility of the wrist. The second patient was a 34-year-old man with dorsal dislocation from the DRUJ who received Sauvé-Kapandji intervention, with a markedimprovement in wrist mobility. DRUJ dislocations must be diagnosed and reduced early as neglected or recurrent lesions require surgery. For this case, intervention with Sauvé-Kapandji had a good result.

Keywords: Dislocation, Distal Radioulna, Sauvé-Kapandji, Surgery, Wrist
CT Pre-Operative Imaging of the Esophagus: Is Inclusion of Abdomen Necessary?
Authors: Kamanda Martin Ian
Published: July 2020

Background: Esophageal carcinoma is the third commonest tumor in Kenya with one of the highest mortality rates. Locally, the 2019 Kenya National Cancer Treatment Protocols recommend CT chest and abdomen as the basic imaging tool. The aim of this study was to determine the necessity of including the abdomen while scanning patients with cancer of the esophagus.

Methods: Fifty consecutive patients with esophageal cancer who underwent CT imaging were included.

Results: 32 male patients (64%) and 18 (36%) female patients. 4 patients (8%) had a CT diagnosis of upper third cancer of the esophagus; 20 patients (40%) had middle third cancer; and 26 patients (52%) had lower third cancer. Patients with middle and lower third esophagus tumors had nodal and distant metastases to the upper abdomen.

Conclusion: Preoperative CT with the inclusion of abdomen is essential for patients with middle and lower third tumors. None of the patients with upper third tumors had metastases to the abdomen. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to assess the necessity of including abdomen in CT scan in these patients.

Keywords: Esophageal cancer, CT scan, Abdomen, Diagnostic yield
Utility of World Society of Emergency Surgery Sepsis Severity Score in Predicting Outcomes of Intra-abdominal Infections
Authors: Mwenda Kinyua Isaiah , Ojuka Daniel , Awori Mark
Published: July 2020

Background: Intra-abdominal infections are classified as simple or complicated. Many tools have been studied to predict risk factors and outcomes of patients with intra-abdominal infections. None of these tools has been adopted for patient care at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Kenya.

Objective: To determine the utility of the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) Sepsis Severity Score in predicting short-term outcomes of patients managed for complicated intra-abdominal infections.

Methods: We conducted a hospital-based prospective cohort study. Patients aged 18 years and above with complicated intra-abdominal infections were recruited. Data were obtained on demographics, condition at admission, time to source control, origin of infection, immune suppressants and complications. IBM SPSS version 21.0 was used to obtain means and standard deviations while logistic regression was used for associations.

Results: A sepsis severity score of 6.5, best predicted mortality having a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 20.9% were obtained. For each unit increase in the WSES scores, the odds of mortality were 2.1, organ dysfunction 2.2, CCU admission 2.1.

Conclusion: Our sepsis severity score has demonstrated good performance in our adult population, and also ability to predict adverse outcomes other than mortality in patients managed for intra-abdominal sepsis.

Keywords: WSES, Sepsis, Sepsis severity score, Intra-abdominal infections
Ifá Divination System as an Embodiment of both the Internalist and Externalist bases of Justification in African Epistemology
Authors: Nwosimiri Ovett
Published: July 2020

An essential part of the concept of knowledge is the belief that the basic premises for knowledge must be justified. This means that for a knowledgeclaim to be true, there is a need for its justification. In African epistemology, the justification of beliefs and epistemic claims has mostly been considered from an externalist perspective such that justification appears to be one dimensional. Since epistemic claims can be justified using either the internalist or externalist perspective, this paper aims at showing that there are internalism and externalism in African epistemology and that Ifá divination system embodies both the internalist and externalist basis of justification in African epistemology.

Keywords: Internalism, Externalism, African Epistemology, (Ifá) divination, Justification
Granulometry, heavy mineral and geochemical studies of stream sediments around Bula, Dass District, Northeast Nigeria
Authors: Adamu C. I. , Okon E.E. , Inyang D.O.
Published: July 2020

Active stream sediments generally consist of broken-down fragments of pre-existing rocks by the action of river (stream) flow. This makes them target materials for routine geochemical surveys and provenance analysis. Fifteen (15) stream sediment samples were collected in some parts of Bula and its environs, northeastern Nigeria, in order to determine their textural characteristics, heavy mineral and elemental composition. The sediments were subjected to granulometric, heavy mineral and elemental analyses. The result of granulometric analysis show that the streamsediments are poorly to moderately well sorted, very platykurtic to leptokurtic, fine to medium grained and positively skewed. Zircon, rutile and tourmaline are the dominant heavy mineral species occurring in the sediments. The computed Zircon-Tourmaline-Rutile (ZTR) index values for the samples range from 59.18 - 83.53, indicating mineralogical maturity. The geochemical data of the stream sediment samples show that the mean contents of the trace elements [Ti (0.73 ± 0.74%), Fe (0.39±0.19%), Cr (816±639ppm), Ni (258±108ppm), Pb (48±12.37ppm) and Zn (502±126ppm)] were higher than their respective average crustal values except for Fe. Computed threshold values indicate possible mineralization containing Fe and Ti. The elements have variable spatial distribution. The study shows that the trace elements composition of the stream sediments is majorly lithogenic. Because mineralization in rocks and sediments are often characterized by considerable variation in their trace elements contents, the metal concentrations in these sediments are large enough for Ilmenite and Rutile mineralization to be suspected within the study area.
Effect of ethanol extract of Aframomum angustifolium seeds on potassium bromate induced liver and kidney damage in Wistar rats
Authors: Ebhohimen I.E. , Ebhomielen J.O. , Edemhanria L. , Osagie A.O. , Omoruyi J.I.
Published: July 2020

The continued use of potassium bromate in some food and cosmetic products in Nigeria against regulatory provision has continually exposed Nigerians to its deleterious effect. The mechanism of bromate induced damage in the liver and kidney is through oxidative stress. Phytochemicals have antioxidant capacity and have gained research interest in the management of oxidative stress. In this study, the effect of the ethanol extract of Aframomum angustifolium seed on kidney and liver damage induced by exposure to an acute dose of potassium bromate was measured using appropriate biomarkers. Eighteen male Wistar rats, randomly divided into 3 groups were used for the study. Group I (normal control) received distilled H2O; Group II (positive control) received 400 mg/kgbw bromate once while Group III (test) received same acute dose as Group II but thereafter treated with an oral dose of ethanol extract (750 mg/kgbw) for 10days. Half the populations of each group were sacrificed on day 3 while the remaining was sacrificed on day 10 of treatment. Liver and kidney tissues as well as blood samples were collected for analysis. Biochemical parameters; malondialdehyde, creatinine, electrolytes (Na+ and K+) concentration as well as catalase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities were measured using standard spectrophotometric procedures. In the kidney tissue, malondialdehyde concentration increased significantly in all groups from day 3 to day 10 but was highest in Group II. A similar trend was observed in the liver tissue but only group III increased significantly. Catalase activity was inhibited in Group II in both kidney and liver tissues and was significantly lower than test group. Serum Na+ decreased and K+ increased respectively but Group III were comparable to the Group I. Creatinine concentration increased in all groups but was highest in Group II though it was not significant. ALP activity was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Group III on day 3 compared to Group I but was not significantly different (p>0.05) on day 10. The results of this study suggests that ethanol extract of Aframomum angustifolium seeds can accelerate the in vivo repair of bromate induced hepato- and reno- toxicity in Wistar rats.

Keywords: Aframomum angustifolium, bromate toxicity, malondialdehyde, antioxidant, phytochemicals.
Foraminiferal analysis and paleoenvironments of sediments in well -Aa, deepwater offshore, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Enamekere Umoh Ekaete , Oluwaseyi Fasina Peace
Published: July 2020

Foraminiferal analysis was carried out on twenty five (25) ditch cutting samples from well -AA, offsore Niger Delta covering a depth interval of 9000ft-11025f. The study was aimed at age deduction, zoning the well, and interpreting the paleoenvironment of deposition. Lithostratigraphic description carried out on the sample revealed that the bulk lithofacies constitute shale with streaks of sand (fine-medium) between 9170ft - 9210ft and 9360ft -9380ft. The entire analysed interval was barren of planktonic foraminifera while depth 9960ft revealed a spot occurrence of Lagena spp,representing the only calcareous benthic foraminifera recovered in the entire interval. Few to common occurrences of deepwater agglutinated foraminifera were found in the well, dominated by some species of Haplophragmoides spp and Haplophragmoides narivaensis. Other foraminifera with rare and scattered occurrence includes, Cribrostomides spp, Bathysiphon spp, Troahammina spp, Cyclammina spp, Cyclammina cancellata, Valvulina spp, and Glomospira spp. The only microfaunal associated accessory recovered is ostracod at depth 1080ft. The analysed intervals was assigned a Middle – Late Miocene (N17 and older age) based on the FDO of Haplophragmoides narivaensis. The  environment of deposition is based on the distribution of typical deep water arenaeceous foraminifera species recovered in the study. The predominance of the arenaeceous forms over calcareous forms suggest outer shelf environment of deposition.

Keywords: Foraminifera, Palaeoenvironment, Niger delta, Biostratigraphy.
Traditional Theatrical Practices in a Receding Economy: A Focus on TombianaEgbelegbeFestival of Rivers State
Authors: Ikiroma-Owiye Somieari Jariel
Published: July 2020

Lack of cultural reality has often led to recession in most developing societies as perceived in cultural studies. However, traditional adaptations are often deployed to cushion and possibly reverse the severity of recession across time and space. Instances of such reversals include the Chinese reversal to Confucianism, the Indian resort to Hinduism and the traditional African invocation of ancestral myths, religious observances and festivals. From the re-enactment of the procreative Tombiana Egbelegbe festival we have seen that traditional value creates order and social cohesion in African societies. A reversal to these traditional means of social reengineering will endear these creative practices that create order and social cohesion in African societies. Thus, the theoretical position of Marxist cultural inquiry will be applied as the theoretical framework for this paper. The Methodology applied in this study is research participant observation and sources of data were primary and secondary sources. The findings revealed that consistently, festivals are efforts of man to alleviate human suffering, create order and control his environment through creativity and cultural resourcefulness in performance. It was recommended that given the reality that is subsisting in most Nigerian communities, agrarian festivals, innovative, resourceful and masked designs, costumes, make-up, craftsmanship, dance, and music, drum communication should be encouraged. It was thus concluded that continuous performance will lead to preservation, packaging, promotion and transmission of cultural values from one generation to another which will in turn lead to cultural tourism. Cultural tourism can lead nations out of recession and economic dependence as was experienced in the Indian and Chinese cultural revolutionary experience.

Key Words: Traditional theatrical practices, recession, human capacity development, TombianaEgbelegbe Festival
Tradition of Concubine Holding in Hausa Society (Nigeria), 1900 – 1930
Authors: Oladejo Mutiat Titilope
Published: July 2020

This paper examined the tradition of holding women as concubine in Muslim societies of the Hausa. Concubine holding changed the status of women and was acquired by slavery. This paper analysed concubine holding as a phenomenon that challenged female status in Hausa society. It put into perspective, the trajectories of concubine holding from the legends in the tradition of origin. It analysed the rights and privileges accrued to a concubine. And by the beginning of the twentieth century, the question of concubine holding was conveniently desirable under Islamic law and while the British law attempted to change the practices as part of efforts to abolish slavery. Thus, the paper contended that; concubine holding was part of the accepted norms in the sexual notions, which specifically privileged women to change their status and negotiate power in Hausa society. The paper adopted the historical approach by analysing court records, archival materials of the Nigerian National Archives, Kaduna, as well as books and journals relevant to the theme.

Keywords: Concubine holding, British law, Islamic law, Hausa society
Nationalising Intangible Cultural Heritage in Nigeria for Optimised Cultural Tourism: The Zangbeto Model
Authors: Okure Dominic Uduakabasi
Published: July 2020

This paper evaluates developments in the intangible cultural heritage (ICH) discourse with particular reference to Nigeria, with a view to identifying  challenges to its proper conservation and management on the one hand, and projecting its potential for optimised cultural tourism on the other. Along with an overview of the ICH industry in Nigeria, the Zangbeto masked tradition of the Ogu of south-western Nigeria was proposed as an  example of the nation’s many intangible cultural heritage models and expressions that could be engineered through nationalisation for enhanced cultural tourism, national development and unity, and international collaboration. Through a triangulation of the phenomenological and case study approaches, complemented by a hermeneutical investigation of some significant themes on the subject, this paper explored the background to the UNESCO Convention on ICH and the attendant conceptual developments and critical junctures in the ICH discourse. It also examined the issue of ICH’s under representation in micro and macro strategies for social and economic development, reconceptualise nationalisation to accommodate specific anthropological concerns, and went on to propose a nationalisation-based analysis and management framework for the celebration, evaluation, effective conservation, preservation and management of Nigeria’s ICH with the Zangbeto tradition as a cultural model.

Key Words: Nationalisation; Zangbeto; Intangible Cultural Heritage; Cultural Tourism;Analysis and Management Frameworks.
Amino acids profile of catfish, crayfish and larva of edible dung beetle
Authors: Oriolowo O.B. , John O.J. , Mohammed U.B. , Joshua D.
Published: July 2020

Protein is an important nutrient for growth and development of humans and its quality depends on the types and composition of its amino acids. The amino acid profile of dung beetle larva was determined and compared with those of catfish and crayfish by HPLC using Applied PTH Biosystem amino acid analyzer. The data obtained were analyzed with inferential statistics of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and means separated using LeastSignificance Difference (LSD). The results showed that there were significant differences in the samples for all the set criteria for amino acid quality: total amino acid (F = 219.9), percentage amino acid (F = 1095.4), 2, 6 2, 6 essential amino acid score (F = 2588.4), essential to non-essential amino acid ratio (F = 236.7) and predicted 2, 6 2, 6 protein efficiency ratio (F = 1049.4) all at P < 0.05. About 66.7% of the essential amino acids in dung beetle 2, 6larva satisfy human nutritional requirement while amino acids like tryptophan, histidine and threonine were significantly higher in dung beetle. The amino acid score of this insect was higher as it has the potential of over 100% protein synthesis as against 68.2% and 80.9% respectively for catfish and crayfish. Moreover, a consumption of 46 g of dung beetle larva can effectively satisfy the daily human amino acid requirement. The study concluded that the protein quality of insects especially dung beetle larva compared favorably with commonly consumed human protein diets like catfish and crayfish. Therefore entomophagy should be encouraged in the face of the present dwindling availability of animal protein food sources.

Keywords: Amino acid score, Entomophagy, Protein energy malnutrition, Dung beetle
Effect of activated carbons from rubber seed shell on Crystal Violet removal
Authors: Anegbe B. , Emeribe R.C. , Okuo J.M.
Published: July 2020

Dyes are complex organic compounds which are used by various industries to add colour to their products. Water bodies are polluted when these industries dispose their effluents to the environment. In this study, powdered activated carbon was prepared from rubber seed shells (RSS) and was employed in the removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution. The rubber seed shell was first activated using ammonium chloride, shared into two portions and was carbonized at 500 and 300o C respectively. They were characterized in terms of bulk density, ash and moisture contents, surface area and IR Spectroscopy. Batch adsorption process which involved the use of these rubber seed shells was employed in the removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution. The effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, pH and dye concentration were investigated. The results showed that o maximum adsorption capacity of 500 C carbonized rubber seed shell was 97.93 % at 75 mins. The adsorbent dose, pH and optimum concentration were respectively 5.0 g, 10 and 10 mg/l. The maximum adsorption  capacity of 300o C carbonized rubber seed shell was 96.73 % at 30 mins with an adsorbent dose of 5.0 g; pH of 10 and optimum concentration of 10 mg/l. The experimental data obtained were fitted into Freundlich,Langmuir, Temkin and Frumkin adsorption isotherms and was found to fit into the four isotherms. However,  the rubber seed shell carbonized at 500o C was found to be more effective in the removal of crystal violet from o aqueous solution than that carbonized at 300o C. This might probably be due to the larger surface area.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Rubber Seed Shell and Crystal Violet
Quantization of the one-dimensional free harmonic oscillator as an example of the application of the node theorem and the Macdonald-Hylleraas-Undheim theorem
Authors: Adegoke Kunle , Olatinwo A.
Published: July 2020

Using heuristic arguments alone, based on the properties of the  wavefunctions, the energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator are obtained. This approach is considerably simpler and is perhaps more intuitive than the traditional methods of solving a differential equation and manipulating operators.

Keywords: Time-independent Schrödinger equation, MacDonald-Hylleraas-Undheim theorem, Node theorem, Hermite polynomials,  energy eigenvalues
Serum electrolytes and renal histology of Wistar rats treated with seed extract of Citrullus lanatus
Authors: Ovuakporaye Simon Irikefe , Enaohwo Taniyohwo Mamerhi , Mordi Joseph Chukwufumnaya , Naiho Alex Obidike
Published: July 2020

Medicinal plants are frequently used in healthcare delivery in Sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of the world because of their bioactive compounds, thus accounting for about 80% of African medicine. The kidneys are involved in one of the body’s most important homeostasis. This study evaluated the effects of Citrullus lanatus fruit juice on serum electrolytes and histology of the kidney in Wistar rats. Seventy (70) male Wistar rats were used for the study and categorized into four groups (n=9). Group 1 (control group) were fed with growers mash and water only. Animals in groups 2, 3 and 4 were given 2.5 mg/kg, 5 ml/kg and 10 ml/kg of the extract along with growers mash respectively. Findings showed a dose dependent increase in bodyweight (expressed in percentage) in all groups. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in serum Na+, Cl-, creatinine, HCO3 and urea in animals given watermelon seed extract (81.69±13.08; 85.22±8.25; 4.80±0.04; 27.78±5.48; 7.05±0.25) when compared with control group (102.62±7.40; 86.78±7.61; 26.90±2.46; 7.52±0.59; 28.26±5.24). However, there was significant increase in serum K+ level in animals given watermelon seed extract of 2.5 ml/kg group (3.77±0.12) when compared with control group (3.49±0.08). In addition, significant increase was observed in urea level in 2.5 ml/kg experimental animals (49.27±7.38) when compared with control (28.26±5.24). In conclusion, administration of Citrullus lanatus seed extract did not affect serum electrolytes level, except serum potassium, however, it caused an increase in the bodyweight of Wistar rats but show no significant alteration in histological architecture of the kidney when compared to control.

Keywords: Serum electrolyte; Renal histology; Citrullus lanatus
Quality assessment of brands of erythromycin stearate tablets marketed in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Mustapha Kudirat B. , Ekpo Marlene D. , Galadima Isa H. , Kirim Rukaiyatu A. , Odeniran Olubukola A. , Ache Theophilus A.
Published: July 2020

Erythromycin is one of the most frequently prescribed antibiotics. With the increasing number of pharmaceutical industries, the possibility of  purchasing a substandard product is on the high side. This makes it necessary to subject various commercially produced brands of erythromycin to quality evaluation in order to ascertain the quality. In this quality assessment study, six (6) brands of erythromycin tablets were subjected to physicochemical assay using standard physical methods and UV/VIS spectrophotometric analysis at 480 nm. The calibration curve for reference erythromycin was linear over a concentration range of 10-100 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.999. All the brands had standard deviation of weight greater than ±5 for the weight uniformity test. 66.67% of the brands passed the test for content of active ingredient. 83.33% of the brands examined passed the hardness test. All the brands failed the friability test because the percentage weight loss are greater than 1% as specified in the official book.

Keywords: Erythromycin stearate; Tablets; Brands; Pharmaceutical Industries
Gender and racial trauma in Angelou’s I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings
Authors: Adhikary Ramesh Prasad
Published: July 2020

This paper analyses racial and gender trauma evoking the tormented state of the narrator, Maya in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Based on the cultural trauma, the researcher analyses the experiences of depressed African American women without identities. The narrator struggles to develop her dignified self and nonconformist outlook comes to block her after she was raped by her mother’s boyfriend Mr. Freeeman. The mysterious murder of her rapist creates the guilt, shame in her psychic as she thinks that she is responsible for his murder. The narrator suffering from the guilt and self-loathing results in her psychic turmoil. She stops speaking to people except her brother, Bailey. In the novel, Angelou tries to raise the voice of Black women to achieve dignified identity in the white racist and sexist America looking back on her childhood experiences. In this regard, this research aims to show reasons that cause the traumatic situation in the narrator due to several events that erupt in African American societies. Not only this, this research work explores issues related to the cause of racial and gender trauma and discusses how the narrator succeeds in working through trauma while in some cases the narrator just acts out it.

Key Words: Race, Gender, Cultural trauma, Psychic turmoil, identity, self
Women, protest and social change in Julie Okoh’s Edewede
Authors: Nutsukpo Margaret Fafa
Published: July 2020

The 21st century African society is rife with oppressive and retrogressive customs and values that oppress and subjugate women. As a result, African women writers have embraced literary forms and subjects that highlight these issues and advocate for their elimination from society. Among these writers is Julie Okoh, a playwright, who projects her concerns about the dangers of female circumcision in her play, Edewede. Using feminism as a theoretical framework, this article interrogates Okoh’s adoption of the principles of two opposing feminist perspectives─African and radical feminism─with a view to revealing their impact in rousing her female characters from subservience, ignorance and passivity, to revolt against their oppression through social protest. It is discovered that education, consciousness-raising, sisterhood, female solidarity and resilience are powerful tools for women’s empowerment in the play. It is recommended that women should not be context bound in their choice and expression of feminist perspectives, strategies or weapons in the fight against gender inequality, oppression and exploitation; they should be open to contemporary avenues and progressive choices that will pave the way to their emancipation and social change.
Effect of Salt Stresses on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Camelina sativa L.
Authors: Yohannes Gebremedhn , Kidane Leul , Abraha Berhanu , Beyene Tadesse
Published: July 2020

Camelina sativa is a promising low-input, high yielding biodiesel crop that can be suitable to grow on marginal lands and is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. But, saltiness is an overall issue of agriculture that constrains the germination, development and productivity of plant because of osmotic and ionic poisonous quality impacts. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of salinity (NaCl and KCl) on germination and early seedling growth of Camelina sativa. Camelina sativa seeds were obtained from agricultural research sector of Wachemo University. In the laboratory, six salinity levels of NaCl and KCl (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 g/L) were prepared and arranged in completely randomized design with four replications. The result of the study revealed that C. sativa seedlings were differ significantly (p<0.05) on speed of germination, germination percentage, germination index, shoot length, root length, vigor index, root shoot ratio and seedling fresh weight, relative injury rates  of NaCl and KCl, shoot height reduction and root height reduction. However, there is no significant effect between salt type versus salinity level and salt type in all parameters tested except shoot length and shoot height reduction at 5% significant level. The increase in both salts (NaCl and KCl) concentration in culture medium causes a significant decreases in speed of germination, germination percentage, germination index, shoot length, root length, vigor index, root shoot ratio and seedling fresh weight of the salt treated C. sativa seeds as compared with the control (C. sativa seeds watered with distilled water). Similarly, relative injury rates NaCl and KCl shoot height reduction, root height reduction were highly increased as salinity level increases. Generally, as the concentration of NaCl and KCl was increased the overall germination and early seedling performance of C. sativa decreased. The effect of salinity on physiology, molecular and biochemical of properties of C. sativa should be studied.

Keywords: Camelina sativa, Salinity effect, NaCl, KCl, Seed germination, Seedling growth.
MHD Partial Slip Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids through a Porous Medium Over a Stretching Sheet with Convective Boundary Condition
Authors: Yirga Yohannes
Published: July 2020

This paper investigates the boundary layer analysis for magnetohydrodynamic partial slip flow and heat transfer of nanofluids through porous media over a stretching sheet with convective boundary condition. Four types of nanoparticles, namely copper, alumina, copper oxide and titanium oxide in the ethylene glycol (50%, i.e., Pr = 29.86) and water (i.e., Pr = 6.58) based fluids are studied. The governing highly nonlinear and coupled partial differential equations are solved numerically using fourth order Runge-Kutta method with shooting techniques. The velocity and temperature profiles are obtained and utilized to compute the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number for different values of the governing parameters viz. nanoparticle volume fraction parameter, magnetic field parameter, porosity parameter, velocity slip parameter and convective parameter. It is found that the velocity distribution of the nanofluids is a decreasing function of the magnetic parameter, porosity parameter, and velocity slip parameter. However, temperature of the nanofluids is an increasing function of magnetic field parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction parameter, porosity parameter, velocity slip parameter and convective parameter. The flow and heat transfer characteristics of the four nanofluids are compared. Moreover, comparison of the numerical results is made with previously published works for special cases and an excellent agreement is found.

 Keywords: Magnetohydrodynamics, Partial Slip, Porous medium, Convective boundary, Nanofluid.
Second Degree Generalized Successive Over Relaxation Method for Solving System of Linear Equations
Authors: Hailu Firew , Gofe Gonfa Genanew , Muleta Chemeda Hailu
Published: July 2020

In this paper, a second degree generalized successive over relaxation iterative method for solving system of linear equations based on the decomposition 

A= Dm+Lm+Um  is presented and the convergence properties of the proposed method are discussed. Two numerical examples are considered to show the efficiency of the proposed method. The results presented in tables show that the Second Degree Generalized Successive Over Relaxation Iterative method is more efficient than the other methods considered based on number of iterations, computational running time and accuracy. Keywords: Second Degree, Generalized Gauss Seidel, Successive over relaxation, Convergence.
Thermal Radiation and Variable Pressure Effects on Natural Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Fluid Flow in Porous Medium
Authors: Isah B.Y. , Altine M.M. , Ahmad S.K.
Published: July 2020

The study investigates the interaction of free convective flow with thermal radiation and variable pressure on natural convective heat and mass transfer fluid flow in porous medium. Solutions for time dependent energy, concentration and momentum equations were obtained by the perturbation series method after transforming into ordinary differential equations. The effect of various flow parameters such as: suction/injection ( δ) radiation (R ) magnetic field (M ) heat source (S ) chemical reaction ( Rc) on the skin friction, rate of heat transfer, velocity, temperature, and concentration profile influencing the physical situation were discussed with the aid of line graphs.

Keywords: Thermal Radiation, Variable pressure, Perturbation, Natural Convection
Isolation of Epicatechin from the Stem Bark of Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance (Chrysobalanaceae)
Authors: Yusuf A.J. , Abdullahi M.I. , Musa A.M. , Haruna A.K. , Mzozoyana V. , Sanusi A.
Published: July 2020

Neocarya macrophylla has a wide range of medicinal uses in traditional medicine. The aim of the study was to isolate and characterize compound from the stem bark of the plant. (-)-Epicatechin (a flavan-3-ol) was isolated from the ethylacetate soluble fraction of the methanol stem bark extract of the plant using a combination of silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The structure of the compound as (-)-epicatechin was confirmed on the basis of chemical test, 1D- & 2D-NMR spectroscopy and comparison with existing data in literature. This is the first report of isolation of epicatechin from the stem bark of the plant.

Keywords: Neocarya macrophylla, stem bark, (-)-Epicatechin, NMR analysis
Modelling Subsidy as a Cooperative Advertising Channel Coordination Mechanism
Authors: Ezimadu P.E.
Published: July 2020

This work considers the use of subsidy as channel coordination strategy in vertical cooperative advertising in which the manufacturer is the Stackelberg game leader and the retailer is the follower. While the retailer is directly involved in advertising, the manufacturer is indirectly involved through the provision of subsidy to aid the retailer in advertising the product. The work models the demand function using a multiplicative advertising-price-demand function, and obtains the players’ prices, the retail advertising effort, the manufacturer’s subsidy rate and the payoffs. The work observes that with increasing subsidy, the manufacturer’s price margin increases while that of the retailer reduces and eventual becomes zero with total subsidy. However, the manufacturer should not totally subsidise retail advertising since it would be counterproductive for him, while at the same time would lead to very large retail payoff. Thus with appropriate subsidy strategy, the prices and the payoffs, and eventually the entire channel can be coordinated.

Keywords: Channel coordination, Vertical cooperative advertising, Stackelberg game, Advertising price-demand function, Subsidy rate.