bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structurally and functionally distinct early antibody responses predict COVID-19 disease trajectory and mRNA vaccine response
Authors: Chakraborty Saborni , Gonzalez Joseph C. , Sievers Benjamin L. , Mallajosyula Vamsee , Chakraborty Srijoni , Dubey Megha , Ashraf Usama , Cheng Bowie Yik-Ling , Kathale Nimish , Tran Kim Quyen Thi , Scallan Courtney , Sinnott Aanika , Cassidy Arianna , Chen Steven T. , Gelbart Terri , Gao Fei , Golan Yarden , Ji Xuhuai , Kim-Schulze Seunghee , Prahl Mary , Gaw Stephanie L. , Gnjatic Sacha , Marron Thomas U. , Merad Miriam , Arunachalam Prabhu S. , Boyd Scott D. , Davis Mark M. , Holubar Marisa , Khosla Chaitan , Maecker Holden T. , Maldonado Yvonne , Mellins Elizabeth D. , Nadeau Kari C. , Pulendran Bali , Singh Upinder , Subramanian Aruna , Utz Paul J. , Sherwood Robert , Zhang Sheng , Jagannathan Prasanna , Tan Gene S. , Wang Taia T.
Published: May 2021

A damaging inflammatory response is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 but mechanisms contributing to this response are unclear. In two prospective cohorts, early non-neutralizing, afucosylated, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG predicted progression from mild, to more severe COVID-19. In contrast to the antibody structures that predicted disease progression, antibodies that were elicited by mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were low in Fc afucosylation and enriched in sialylation, both modifications that reduce the inflammatory potential of IgG. To study the biology afucosylated IgG immune complexes, we developed an in vivo model which revealed that human IgG-FcγR interactions can regulate inflammation in the lung. Afucosylated IgG immune complexes induced inflammatory cytokine production and robust infiltration of the lung by immune cells. By contrast, vaccine elicited IgG did not promote an inflammatory lung response. Here, we show that IgG-FcγR interactions can regulate inflammation in the lung and define distinct lung activities associated with the IgG that predict severe COVID-19 and protection against SARS-CoV-2.

One Sentence Summary

Divergent early antibody responses predict COVID-19 disease trajectory and mRNA vaccine response and are functionally distinct in vivo.
Retinal organoids derived from rhesus macaque iPSCs undergo accelerated differentiation compared to human stem cells
Authors: Lopez Antonio Jacobo , Kim Sangbae , Qian Xinye , Rogers Jeffrey , Stout J. Timothy , Thomasy Sara M. , Torre Anna La , Chen Rui , Moshiri Ala
Published: May 2021

Purpose

To compare the timing and efficiency of the development of non-human primate (NHP) derived retinal organoids in comparison to those derived from human embryonic stem cells.

Methods

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced-pluripotent stem cells (rhiPSCs) derived from non-human primates (Macaca mulatta) were differentiated into retinal organoids by using an established differentiation protocol. Briefly, embryoid bodies were formed from pluripotent stem cells and induced into a neural lineage with neural induction media with the addition of BMP4. Thereafter, self-formation of optic vesicles was allowed to form in a 2D culture in retinal differentiation media (RDM). Optic vesicles were then manually harvested and cultured in suspension in 3D-RDM media until analysis. Differences in the timing of differentiation and efficiency of retinal organoid development were assessed by light microscopy, electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and single-cell transcriptomics.

Results

Generation of retinal organoids was achieved from both human and several NHP pluripotent stem cells lines. All rhiPSC lines resulted in retinal differentiation with the formation of optic vesicle-like structures similar to what has been observed in hESC retinal organoids. NHP retinal organoids had laminated structure and were composed of mature retinal cell types including cone and rod photoreceptors. Single cell RNA sequencing was conducted at two time points, which allowed identification of cell types and characterization of developmental trajectory in the developing organoid. Important differences between rhesus and human cells were measured regarding the timing and efficiency of retinal organoid differentiation. While the culture of NHP-derived iPSCs is relatively difficult compared to human stem cells, the generation of retinal organoids is feasible and may be less time consuming due to an intrinsically faster timing of retinal differentiation.

Conclusions

Retinal organoids produced from iPSCs derived from Rhesus monkey using established protocols differentiate through the stages of organoid development faster than those derived from human stem cells. The production of NHP retinal organoids may be advantageous to reduce experimental time and cost for basic biology studies in retinogenesis as well as for preclinical trials in NHPs studying retinal allograft transplantation.
Assembly and levels of P-TEFb depend on reversible phosphorylation of cyclin T1
Authors: Huang Fang , Nguyen Trang T. T. , Echeverria Ignacia , Ramachandran Rakesh , Cary Daniele C. , Paculova Hana , Sali Andrej , Weiss Arthur , Peterlin B. Matija , Fujinaga Koh
Published: May 2021

The positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) is a critical co-activator for transcription of most cellular and viral genes, including those of HIV. While P-TEFb is regulated by 7SK snRNA in proliferating cells, it is absent in quiescent and terminally differentiated cells, which has remained unexplored. In these cells, we found that CycT1 not bound to CDK9 is rapidly degraded. Moreover, productive CycT1:CDK9 interactions require phosphorylation of two threonine residues (Thr143 and Thr149) in CycT1 by PKC. Conversely, PP1 dephosphorylates these sites. Thus, PKC inhibitors or removal of PKC by chronic activation results in P-TEFb disassembly and CycT1 degradation. This finding not only recapitulates P-TEFb depletion in resting CD4+ T cells but also in anergic T cells. Importantly, our studies reveal mechanisms of P-TEFb inactivation underlying T cell quiescence, anergy, and exhaustion as well as proviral latency and terminal differentiation of cells.
GmSALT3 expression improves reactive oxygen species detoxification in salt-stressed soybean roots
Authors: Qu Yue , Yu Lili , Guan Rongxia , Berkowitz Oliver , David Rakesh , Whelan James , Ford Melanie , Wege Stefanie , Qiu Lijuan , Gilliham Matthew
Published: May 2021

Soybean plants are salinity (NaCl) sensitive, with their yield significantly decreased under moderately saline conditions. GmSALT3 is the dominant gene underlying a major QTL for salt tolerance in soybean. GmSALT3 encodes a transmembrane protein belonging to the plant cation/proton exchanger (CHX) family. It is currently unknown through which molecular mechanism(s) the ER-localised GmSALT3 contributes to salinity tolerance, as its localisation excludes direct involvement in ion exclusion. In order to gain insights into potential molecular mechanism(s), we used RNA-seq analysis of roots from two soybean NILs (Near Isogenic Lines); NIL-S (salt-sensitive, Gmsalt3) and NIL-T (salt-tolerant, GmSALT3), grown under control and saline conditions (200 mM NaCl) at three time points (0h, 6h, and 3 days). Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that NIL-T has greater responses aligned to oxidation reduction. ROS were shown less abundant and scavenging enzyme activity was higher in NIL-T, consistent with the RNA-seq data. Further analysis indicated that genes related to calcium signalling, vesicle trafficking and Casparian strip (CS) development were upregulated in NIL-T following salt treatment. We propose that GmSALT3 improves the ability of NIL-T to cope with saline stress through preventing ROS overaccumulation in roots, and potentially modulating Ca2+ signalling, vesicle trafficking and formation of diffusion barriers.

Highlight

RNA-seq analysis revealed that GmSALT3, which confers improved salt tolerance on soybean, improves reactive oxygen species detoxification in roots.
Gaining or cutting SLAC: the evolution of plant guard cell signalling pathways
Authors: Sussmilch Frances C. , Maierhofer Tobias , Herrmann Johannes , Voss Lena J. , Lind Christof , Messerer Maxim , Müller Heike M. , Bünner Maria S. , Ache Peter , Mayer Klaus F. X. , Becker Dirk , Roelfsema M. Rob G. , Geiger Dietmar , Schultz Jörg , Hedrich Rainer
Published: May 2021

The evolution of adjustable plant pores (stomata), enabling CO2 acquisition in cuticle wax-sealed tissues was one of the most significant events in the development of life on land. But how did the guard cell signalling pathways that regulate stomatal movements evolve? We investigate this through comparison of fern and angiosperm guard cell transcriptomes. We find that these divergent plant groups share expression of similar genes in guard cells including biosynthesis and signalling genes for the drought stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA). However, despite conserved expression in guard cells, S-type anion channels from the SLAC/SLAH family – known for ABA-mediated stomatal closure in angiosperms – are not activated by the same pathways in ferns, highlighting likely differences in functionality. Examination of other land plant channels revealed a complex evolutionary history, featuring multiple gains or losses of SLAC activation mechanisms, as these channels were recruited to a role in stomatal closure. Taken together, the guard cells of flowering and non-flowering plants share similar core features, but also show lineage-specific and ecological niche-related adaptations, likely underlying differences in behaviour.
Oxytocin modulates neurocomputational mechanisms underlying prosocial reinforcement learning
Authors: Martins Daniel , Lockwood Patricia , Cutler Jo , Moran Rosalyn , Paloyelis Yannis
Published: May 2021

Humans often act in the best interests of others. However, how we learn which actions result in good outcomes for other people and the neurochemical systems that support this ‘prosocial learning’ remain poorly understood. Using computational models of reinforcement learning, functional magnetic resonance imaging and dynamic causal modelling, we examined how different doses of intranasal oxytocin, a neuropeptide linked to social cognition, impact how people learn to benefit others (prosocial learning) and whether this influence could be dissociated from how we learn to benefit ourselves (self-oriented learning). We show that a low dose of oxytocin prevented decreases in prosocial performance over time, despite no impact on self-oriented learning. Critically, oxytocin produced dose-dependent changes in the encoding of prediction errors (PE) in the midbrain-subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) pathway specifically during prosocial learning. Our findings reveal a new role of oxytocin in prosocial learning by modulating computations of PEs in the midbrain-sgACC pathway.
Membrane architecture and adherens junctions contribute to strong Notch pathway activation
Authors: Falo-Sanjuan Julia , Bray Sarah J.
Published: May 2021

The Notch pathway mediates cell-to-cell communication in a variety of tissues, developmental stages and organisms. Pathway activation relies on the interaction between transmembrane ligands and receptors on adjacent cells. As such, pathway activity could be influenced by the size, composition or dynamics of contacts between membranes. The initiation of Notch signalling in theDrosophilaembryo occurs during cellularization, when lateral cell membranes and adherens junctions are first being deposited, allowing us to investigate the importance of membrane architecture and specific junctional domains for signaling. By measuring Notch dependent transcription in live embryos we established that it initiates while lateral membranes are growing and that signalling onset correlates with a specific phase in their formation. However, the length of the lateral membranesper sewas not limiting. Rather, the adherens junctions, which assemble concurrently with membrane deposition, contributed to the high levels of signalling required for transcription, as indicated by the consequences from depleting α-Catenin. Together, these results demonstrate that the establishment of lateral membrane contacts can be limiting for Notch trans-activation and suggest that adherens junctions play an important role in modulating Notch activity.
Local food communities: exploring health-related adaptivity and self-management practices
Authors: Birtalan Ilona Liliána , Neulinger Ágnes , Bárdos György , Rigó Adrien , Rácz József , Boros Szilvia
Published: May 2021

Purpose

While many characteristics of food consumption have been examined, little attention has been given to the health potential of consuming from local food communities. Local food communities, including community supported agriculture (CSA) are food initiatives, which try to respond to the healthy food, environmental or socioeconomic challenges of the food system. As a step toward understanding local food communities, this study sets out to examine the health-related adaptivity and self-management practices of CSA participation.

Design/methodology/approach

The qualitative research approach, which included semi-structured interviews (n = 35), was designed to discover the potential for being healthy: the ability to adapt and to self-manage among CSA participants. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Findings

The results suggest that local food communities can influence health-related adaptivity and self-management in the following themes: awareness of product origins; enhanced food-management capability; expanding applicability and usability of the food environment; and strengthening one's food-related self-image.

Practical implications

Increasing the presence of local food communities might be part of developing strategies to evaluate the health effects of the local food environment and to encourage consumers to take responsibility for their own health.

Originality/value

This study extends the food consumption literature to include new knowledge about how local food communities facilitate individual efforts to enhance their own potential for health as well as improving understanding of the mechanisms that underpin a healthy diet.
Dual-rail–guided vehicle scheduling in an automated storage and retrieval system with loading and collision-avoidance constraints
Authors: Ma Changpu , Zhou Binghai
Published: May 2021

Purpose

The use of multiple-capacity rail-guided vehicles (RGVs) has made automated storage and retrieval system (AS/RS) optimization more complex. The paper performs dual-RGV scheduling considering loading/unloading and collision-avoidance constraints simultaneously as these issues have only been considered separately in the previous literature.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper proposes a novel model for dual-RGV scheduling with two-sided loading/unloading operations and collision-avoidance constraints. To solve the proposed problem, a hybrid harmony search algorithm (HHSA) is developed. To enhance its performance, a descent-based local search with eight move operators is introduced.

Findings

A group of problem instances at different scales are optimized with the proposed algorithm and the results are compared with those of two other high-performance methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can efficiently solve realistically sized cases of dual multi-capacity RGV scheduling problems in AS/RSs.

Originality/value

For the first time in the research on dual multi-capacity RGV scheduling in an AS/RS, two-sided loading/unloading operations and collision avoidance constraints are simultaneously considered. Furthermore, a mathematical model for minimizing the makespan is developed and the HHSA is developed to determine solutions.
Relationship between clinical governance and hospital performance: a cross-sectional study of psychiatric hospitals in Ghana
Authors: Azilaku Joshua Cobby , Abor Patience Aseweh , Abuosi Aaron Asibi , Anaba Emmanuel Anongeba , Titiati Abraham
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Clinical governance (CG) is crucial for healthcare quality of care improvement and safeguarding high standards of care. Little is known about CG in sub-Saharan Africa. The authors assessed health workers' perceptions of CG and hospital performance in Ghana's psychiatric hospitals.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 230 health workers across two psychiatric hospitals in Ghana. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire and analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23.0.

Findings

The majority (59.5%) of the respondents were females. The authors found that less than five in ten respondents felt that the hospitals have adopted measures to promote quality assurance (43.2%) and research and development (43.7%). However, a little above half of the respondents felt that the hospitals have adopted measures to promote education and training (57.7%); clinical audit (52.7%); risk management (50.7%) and clinical effectiveness (68.6%). The authors also found a statistically significant association between CG and hospital performance (p < 0.05).

Research limitations/implications

There was a positive relationship between CG and hospital performance. Therefore, investing in CG may help to increase hospital performance.

Originality/value

This is the maiden study to investigate CG and hospital performance in Ghana's psychiatric hospitals and one of the few studies in Africa. This study makes a modest contribution to the global discourse on the subject matter.
Exploring governments' role in mergers and acquisitions using IVIF MULTIMOORA-COPRAS technique
Authors: Opoku-Mensah Evans , Yin Yuming , Asiedu-Ayeh Love Offeibea , Asante Dennis , Tuffour Priscilla , Ampofo Sandra Asantewaa
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Existing studies have found that most merger and acquisition (M&A) activities do not create the intended synergy. These studies have mainly investigated how firms' internal factors contribute to M&A successes or failures. The current study differs from the earlier ones by exploring how governments' activities can contribute to the creation of acquisition synergy.

Design/methodology/approach

A novel technique based on multi-objective optimization by ratio analysis and complex proportional assessment method under an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy (IVIF) environment is proposed to prioritize these government roles needed during the M&A process focusing on the Chinese M&A market.

Findings

Enactments of regulations and loan guarantees are the most important strategies to help Chinese acquirers overcome acquisition failures. While tax relief ranks third, government training support ranks fourth. Finally, the result shows that government institutional support is the least to help acquirers overcome acquisition failures.

Practical implications

The government has a role to play in the acquisition success. Although this study has prioritized governments' role in relative importance order, the authors recommend that governments capable of providing all these strategies should do so without any specific order. However, if otherwise, governments should not neglect the strategies with less weight completely but rather consider reducing capital allocations to such strategies. Moreover, this study shows how firms with stronger business ties with government officials may enjoy success during acquisition activities. The authors recommend that firms intending to make acquisitions develop stronger ties with governments in order to benefits from governments.

Originality/value

This is the first study to develop a theoretical framework showing how government can contribute to M&A success. The study achieves this by extending Keynesian's arguments and identifies five (5) ways in which governments can ensure acquisition success. Second, within fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (F-MCDM) research, this study is the first to show the applicability of integrated multi-objective optimization by ratio analysis (MULTIMOORA) and complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) techniques in an IVIF environment. The novel methodology proposed in this study offers an insightful research method to future studies focusing on group decision problems.
Determinants of the number of deaths from COVID-19: differences between low-income and high-income countries in the initial stages of the pandemic
Authors: Valero Magali , Valero-Gil Jorge Noel
Published: May 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to understand the factors that contribute to the number of reported coronavirus (COVID-19) deaths among low-income and high-income countries, and to understand the sources of differences between these two groups of countries.

Design/methodology/approach

Multiple linear regression models evaluate the socio-economic factors that determine COVID-19 deaths in the two groups of countries. The Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition is used to examine sources of differences between these two groups.

Findings

Low-income countries report a significantly lower average number of COVID-19 deaths compared to high-income countries. Community mobility and the easiness of carrying the virus from one place to another are significant factors affecting the number of deaths, while life expectancy is only significant in high-income countries. Higher health expenditure is associated with more reported deaths in both high- and low-income countries. Factors such as the transport infrastructure system, life expectancy and the percent of expenditure on health lead to the differences in the number of deaths between high- and low-income countries.

Social implications

Our study shows that mobility measures taken by individuals to limit the spread of the virus are important to prevent deaths in both high- and low-income countries. Additionally, our results suggest that countries with weak health institutions underestimate the number of deaths from COVID-19, especially low-income countries. The underestimation of COVID-19 deaths could be affecting a great number of people in poverty in low-income economies.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the emerging literature on COVID-19 and its relation to socio-economic factors by examining the differences in reported between deaths between rates in low-income and high-income countries.
The wheel of fortune as a novel support for constructive alignment and transformative sustainability learning in higher education
Authors: Noy Sue , Capetola Teresa , Patrick Rebecca
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Education for Sustainability in Higher Education (ESHE) sits within and across disciplinary settings that share the need for a framework that provides a basis for pedagogy, assessment and learning outcomes (Kalsoom, 2019). ESHE strives to create transformative learning spaces that help students gain the knowledge and skills they need to understand and contribute to shaping a world based on communities living within the limits of earth’s resources. This paper aims to offer a novel solution to the challenge of teaching students from different disciplines struggling with the complexity of sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper explores the development of an interdisciplinary subject designed for undergraduate students from four faculties. It presents a case study of pedagogy that moves away from three pillars/concentric circles approaches towards practices based in systems thinking and interactive transformative learning. It describes the iterative process of developing and implementing an infographic: the “Sustainability Wheel of Fortune” (Wheel), to support constructive alignment of content, assessment tasks and learning outcomes.

Findings

The Wheel provides a holistic, interconnected and dynamic focus for framing content and teaching. The pedagogy aligns with sustainability competencies, builds in flexibility in response to changing times and student experiences and provides teachers and students with a common framework for interrogating the possibilities for sustainable futures.

Originality/value

The Wheel is a novel learning tool for contemporary sustainability education. It captures key elements of approaches to and concepts about sustainability, visually reinforces the idea of a holistic interconnected approach and provides a framework that supports the constructive pedagogy of an interdisciplinary sustainability subject.
Learning from rivals: the memory-inconsistent strategy
Authors: Jiang Chuandi , Muldoon Jeffrey , Alhorr Hadi
Published: May 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of competitive memory that assists the new ventures to overcome challenges due to the liability of newness in the strategic adaptation stage.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual paper. Through a critical literature review on new venture survival and organizational memory, the authors identified the possibility for new ventures to learn from other firms from organizational learning and resource-based perspectives.

Findings

The authors found that new ventures can acquire and analyze the existing rivals' strategic moves documented in multiple sources, such as published yearbook, financial report, media, etc., and develop their own strategies. New ventures can also benefit from the relatively high degree of organizational inertia of existing rivals.

Practical implications

New venture survival and performance are substantially affected by the initial organizational learning and strategic decision-making. Applying the memory-inconsistent strategy (MIS), new ventures that lack competitive experiences can learn from their rivals by internalizing the rivals' competitive memory as strategic resources and utilizing such resources to develop a competitive strategy.

Originality/value

New venture research in competitive markets focuses on the challenges and difficulties due to the lack of experiences, neglecting the fact that new ventures can learn from competitive memories of existing rivals. However, the lack of competitive experiences also means a lower degree of organizational inertia and other strategic commitments. The authors introduce the MIS and suggest that new ventures can benefit from strategic flexibility and create a temporary competitive advantage by surprising existing firms.
Exploring eudaimonia through meaningful work narratives within work integration social enterprises
Authors: Bilbija Tamara , Rendall Jack Stout
Published: May 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide new evidence on the different dimensions of well-being that can occur in work integration social enterprises (WISEs). This study aims to call for a future discussion on the role of meaningful work (MW) and its impact upon well-being beyond satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

Explorative interviews were undertaken with professional workers and beneficiaries within a Spanish WISE. These interviews aimed to uncover similarities and differences across aspects of what makes work meaningful to them as workers. Both eudaimonic and hedonic dimensions of well-being were used to analyse the data.

Findings

Different groups of employees show that professional employees (those working in the WISE, not because of their disadvantages in the labour market) create their narratives based on MW experiences (eudaimonic well-being), whereas beneficiaries (those working in the WISE because of their disadvantages in the labour market) often describe how satisfied they are at work (hedonic).

Originality/value

The concept of MW within WISEs to achieve well-being for both beneficiaries and professional workers could be enhanced through discussion of the different types of well-being that are being realised in such settings. Engaging with the concept of “eudaimonia” helps the authors to achieve this aim.
The case of a management institute in India: recrafting the vision and mission
Authors: Singh Abhinava S. , Shah Mayur Dashrathlal
Published: May 2021

Theoretical basis

The fundamental concepts in strategic management including vision, mission and setting objectives, external and internal environment analysis, SWOT, stakeholders in strategic management, deliberate and emergent strategy and strategic leaders have been addressed through the case.

Research methodology

The case was developed using primary data gathered from observations, interviews and the experiences of the authors at Chimanbhai Patel Institute of Management and Research (CPIMR) and published sources.

Case overview/synopsis

This case is about CPIMR, a management institute in Ahmedabad, India, which was required to recraft their vision and mission statements in light of the compliance requirements of the All India Council for Technical Education and the other challenges including new skills requirement especially because of Industry 4.0 changes and competition in the business education market. The case examines the external and internal environment challenges faced by the institute director and the emerging issues: how should CPIMR recraft the vision and mission? What could go wrong? How to make them actionable? How to disseminate them? The case would help the participants to understand the process of external and internal environment analysis, formulation of the vision and mission statements, their key purpose of informing stakeholders and setting objectives. The case also encourages the participants to put themselves in the position of the director for undertaking the process of recrafting the vision and mission statements of the management institute in the event of a strategic change. While the case setting is that of a management institute, it might also be useful for discussion in other organization settings.

Complexity academic level

Course: Strategic Management Level: Post Graduate Level.
Upland grassland habitats and agri‐environment schemes change soil microarthropod abundance
Authors: Arnott Amy , Riddell Gillian , Emmerson Mark , Caruso Tancredi , Reid Neil
Published: May 2021

Agricultural intensification is a major driver of biodiversity loss, with the implementation of Agri‐Environment Schemes (AESs) being a widespread policy designed to prevent further loss, and to maintain or restore ecosystem health. Upland grassland soils are disproportionately impacted by intensification including drainage, artificial fertiliser use, compaction and erosion while the effect of AES management on below‐ground microarthropods, which mediate a range of ecosystem processes, is largely unknown.

This study tested the effects of AES management of upland grasslands on microarthropod communities using a large‐scale factorial field experiment. The study focused on microarthropods with distinct taxa‐specific responses observed.

Oribatid mite abundance was associated with wetter, more extensive pastures with native grasses characteristic of semi‐improved grassland managed by AESs, whereas Collembola abundance was associated with drier, more intense, reseeded (Lolium perennedominated) pastures characteristic of conventionally managed improved grasslands.

Differences in taxa responses may be driven by life‐history traits and resilience to disturbance. There was no net effect of management, habitat or their interaction on total microarthropod family diversity or abundance.

Synthesis and Applications. Results from this study suggest that in floristically simple upland agroecosystems the impact of agri‐environment measures on below‐ground soil biota are context‐dependent (differing between contrasting grassland types), and taxa‐specific, rather than leading to general increases in biodiversity per se, and the responses of soil microarthropods are driven by environmental variation caused by overall management of grassland fields. Measures should aim to increase the availability of areas of semi‐improved grassland, with native plant mixtures, adjacent to improved grasslands, to maximise the habitats available to soil microarthropods.
A personal commentary on J.W. Perry, M.D., and introduction to ‘Reconstitutive process in the psychopathology of the Self’
Authors: Kirsch Jean
Published: May 2021

John Weir Perry’s influence on the understanding of the psychotic process through his research in San Francisco between 1950 and 1981 was groundbreaking, because it both verified and expanded upon C.G. Jung’s research at the Burghölzli Hospital in Switzerland in the early 1900’s. The author explores both the brilliance of Perry’s contribution as a psychiatrist and Jungian analyst and also shows the flawed human, who, with his rare sensitivity to the psychotic process, devoted his life work to the schizophrenic population and their often ill‐fated search for meaning. She tells how his creative engagement with the analytic processes of Self discovery eventually led to analytic boundary violations, which ultimately resulted in his indefinite suspension from membership in his local Jungian community. Further, this paper describes her reflections on the innovative work that influenced both the treatment of this population, as well as educating candidates in analytical training to be receptive to and cognizant of psychotic affects and imagery. The archetypal field of the psychotic process, its influence on the development of analytical psychology relative to the psychotic process, and one man’s impact on the analytic community are considered.
Psychosis, symbol, affectivity 2: another perspective on the treatment of psychotic disorder
Authors: Marchese Fulvio , Bonanno Barbara , Borinato Daniele , Burgio Sofia , Mangiapane David , Matranga Marco , Saputo Epifania , La Barbera Daniele
Published: May 2021

This is the second of two papers concerning our study into an integrated approach to psychotic disorders conducted at the University Psychiatry Unit of Palermo’s Polyclinic over approximately 15 years; this paper concentrates on the clinical phenomena. The study aimed to find the best possible treatment and to improve the prognosis of this patient group. We have explored the efficacy of a range of psycho‐therapeutic (cognitive‐behavioural, systemic‐relational, psychodynamic, group and others), psycho‐pharmaceutical, psychiatric rehabilitative and psycho‐educational treatments, with a hermeneutic approach instead of a systematic one. The study’s conclusions, described in the paper, are that all psychotic functions start with a nuclear psychic issue connected to emotional development. We describe how the most significant symptoms of acute psychotic manifestations (delusions and misperceptions) make use of an encrypted psychological meaning that can be decoded through the patient’s symbolic language. This language is a key element in diagnosis and in the choice of treatment. The paper describes how we revised our understanding of psychosis from being a brain disease to being a process aimed at the rearrangement of psychic functioning. Our significant results are described.
A preliminary sketch of a Jungian socioanalysis – an emerging theory combining analytical psychology, complexity theories, sociological theories, socio‐ and psycho‐analysis, group analysis and affect theories1
Authors: Odde Dorte , Vestergaard Arne
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a preliminary sketch of what we have termed a Jungian socioanalysis – an emerging theory combining analytical psychology, complexity theories, sociological theories, socio‐ and psycho‐analysis, group analysis and affect theories. Our assumption is that Jungian theory and practice need to attend to and focus more on social contexts, sociality and the influence of societal developments. But also, on the other hand, that analytical psychology, primarily Jung’s theory of individuation and the transcendent function as well as the broad complexity perspective of his theory of psyche, can be extended to a ‘socio’ and not just a ‘psycho’ perspective. The paper presents five foundational assumptions for a Jungian socioanalysis, with the following headings: 1) A Jungian socioanalysis calls for a complex psychology; 2) (Un)consciousness is social and sociality has a dimension of (un)consciousness; 3) A Jungian socioanalysis explores social fields ‘from within’ by smaller groups; 4) A Jungian socioanalysis enables and is enabled by emerging metaphors and affect‐imagery; 5) Socio‐cultural fields have an impulse toward individuation. This is the first of two papers in the present edition of the journal – the second paper gives socio‐clinical illustrations of our thesis in this paper.
Prepare for Impact: Space Debris and Statistics
Authors: Tarran Brian
Published: May 2021

About 28,000 items of space debris can be tracked orbiting the Earth. But estimates suggest there are many millions more pieces of debris, too small to see, that pose a danger to satellites and other spacecraft. Brian Tarran hears how statistical models inform our understanding of this growing problem
Understanding Differential Privacy
Authors: Kurz Christoph
Published: May 2021

Differential privacy promises to strike a balance between the protection of privacy for individuals and the generation of insights from data. But how exactly does it work? Christoph F. Kurz works through a simple hypothetical example
Editorial: What are registered reports and why are they important to the future of human resource management research?
Authors: Timming Andrew R. , Farndale Elaine , Budhwar Pawan , Wood Geoffrey
Published: May 2021

Human Resource Management Journal (HRMJ) is proud to offer a registered reports pathway to publication. A registered report is an innovative method of publication in which authors submit a research proposal for peer review prior to the collection and analysis of the data. At Stage 1, the Introduction, Literature Review, Theory, Hypotheses and a detailed Research Methods Protocol are peer reviewed. If the paper is accepted ‘in principle’ at this stage, the authors can then proceed to Stage 2, in which they collect and analyse the data according to the agreed protocol and write up the Results and Discussion sections of the study. The primary purpose of a registered report is to obviate the use of questionable research practices and insidious p‐hacking. For this reason, only deductive (theory‐testing) research is appropriate for this pathway to publication. Research published via a registered report is conceptually and methodologically robust, falsifiable and less likely to fall victim to irreproducibility. This article explains what registered reports are, why they are good for scientific discovery, how the human resource management (HRM) field can benefit from offering this pathway to publication and how HRM scholars can submit a registered report to HRMJ.
Inter‐observer variability of experts and trainees for the diagnosis of reflux esophagitis: Comparison of linked color imaging, blue laser imaging, and white light imaging
Authors: Lee Sang Pyo , Kae Sea Hyub , Jang Hyun Joo , Koh Dong Hee , Jung Eun Suk
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Diagnosis of reflux esophagitis according to the Los Angeles classification minimal change (LA‐M) has a low inter‐observer agreement. We aimed to investigate whether the inter‐observer agreement of reflux esophagitis was better when expert endoscopists read the endoscopic images, or when the linked color imaging (LCI) or blue laser imaging (BLI)‐bright mode was used. In addition, whether the inclusion of LA‐M in the definition of reflux esophagitis affected the consistency of the diagnosis was investigated.

Methods

During upper endoscopy, endoscopic images of the gastroesophageal junction were taken using white light imaging (WLI), BLI‐bright, and LCI modes. Four expert endoscopists and four trainees reviewed the images to diagnose reflux esophagitis according to the modified LA classification.

Results

The kappa values for the inter‐observer variability for the diagnosis of reflux esophagitis were poor to fair among the experts (κ =  0.22, 0.17, and 0.27 for WLI, BLI‐bright, and LCI, respectively) and poor among the trainees (κ =  0.18, 0.08, and 0.14 for WLI, BLI‐bright, and LCI). The inter‐observer variabilities for the diagnosis of reflux esophagitis excluding LA‐M were fair to moderate (κ =  0.42, 0.35, and 0.42 for WLI, BLI‐bright, and LCI) among the expert endoscopists and moderate among the trainees (κ = 0.48, 0.43, and 0.51 for WLI, BLI‐bright, and LCI).

Conclusions

The inter‐observer agreement for the diagnosis of reflux esophagitis was very low for both the expert endoscopists and the trainees, even using BLI‐bright or LCI mode. However, when reflux esophagitis LA‐M was excluded from the diagnosis of esophagitis, the degree of inter‐observer agreement increased.
MSI deliberations and context: The influence of Southeast Asian business systems on member justifications and approaches to anti‐corruption
Authors: Murphy Luisa
Published: May 2021

Multi‐stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) convene stakeholders from different contexts to deliberate on corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues. Extant research focuses on the deliberative potential of internal governance structures yet neglects the influence of broader sociopolitical contexts on the members that participate in them. Anti‐corruption is one CSR issue that MSIs increasingly address which is particularly context dependent. Therefore, this study examines how different sociopolitical contexts influence members’ justifications and approaches to anti‐corruption during MSI deliberations and ultimately, how this impacts the MSI’s approach to anti‐corruption. Through a single case study of an MSI, the ASEAN CSR Network which is situated in Southeast Asia with members representing business and CSR organizations in six different countries, the findings show that the different National Business Systems clearly influence the member justifications and approaches to anti‐corruption. Further, the MSI reinforces and promotes the adoption of the different national business system‐related justifications and approaches ultimately, leading to an MSI approach to anti‐corruption which is a composite of the different national business system‐related approaches. This paper makes three contributions to the literature on MSI deliberations. First, it proposes a novel framework that links the influence of national business systems to member justifications and approaches to anti‐corruption during MSI deliberations by leveraging the orders of worth framework. Second, it shows that the concept of compromise may be more relevant to understanding and evaluating MSI deliberations than the notion of consensus. Third, it contributes through the empirical study of an MSI developed in Southeast Asia addressing anti‐corruption.
Non‐transplantable cord blood units as a source for adoptive immunotherapy of leukaemia and a paradigm of circular economy in medicine
Authors: Koukoulias Kiriakos , Papadopoulou Anastasia , Kouimtzidis Anastasios , Papayanni Penelope‐Georgia , Papaloizou Andri , Sotiropoulos Damianos , Yiangou Minas , Costeas Paul , Anagnostopoulos Achilles , Yannaki Evangelia , Kaloyannidis Panayotis
Published: May 2021

Advances in immunotherapy with T cells armed with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR‐Ts), opened up new horizons for the treatment of B‐cell lymphoid malignancies. However, the lack of appropriate targetable antigens on the malignant myeloid cell deprives patients with refractory acute myeloid leukaemia of effective CAR‐T therapies. Although non‐engineered T cells targeting multiple leukaemia‐associated antigens [i.e. leukaemia‐specific T cells (Leuk‐STs)] represent an alternative approach, the prerequisite challenge to obtain high numbers of dendritic cells (DCs) for large‐scale Leuk‐ST generation, limits their clinical implementation. We explored the feasibility of generating bivalent‐Leuk‐STs directed against Wilms tumour 1 (WT1) and preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) from umbilical cord blood units (UCBUs) disqualified for allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. By repurposing non‐transplantable UCBUs and optimising culture conditions, we consistently produced at clinical scale, both cluster of differentiation (CD)34+ cell‐derived myeloid DCs and subsequently polyclonal bivalent‐Leuk‐STs. Those bivalent‐Leuk‐STs contained CD8+ and CD4+ T cell subsets predominantly of effector memory phenotype and presented high specificity and cytotoxicity against both WT1 and PRAME. In the present study, we provide a paradigm of circular economy by repurposing unusable UCBUs and a platform for future banking of Leuk‐STs, as a ‘third‐party’, ‘off‐the‐shelf’ T‐cell product for the treatment of acute leukaemias.
The Trajectory of Adaptation: A Review of Psychoanalytic Conceptualization of the Working Through and Acceptance of Disability
Authors: Heled Eyal
Published: May 2021

Disability is a long‐term physically or mentally, limiting condition that significantly impacts various life domains. It is associated with a trajectory of emotional adaptation that encompasses diverse internal and external processes. Though rare, psychoanalytic views on adaptation to and acceptance of disability have been proposed, with potential value for rehabilitation. Freud's relatively brief contributions to this field inspired later theorists to elaborate on his concepts and adjust them to address the phenomenology of disability. The majority of these theorists focused on ego and self formulations, while taking external reality into account. Psychopathology in disability was also addressed, as well as acceptance as a primary goal of adaptation. Authors have emphasized the uncertainty of acceptance, highlighting the importance of attunement to individual patient needs and suggesting that psychoanalytic formulation can help psychotherapists to better understand and treat individuals with disability. The meanings and implications of the various conceptualizations are integrated and illustrated through a case example.
Significant reduction of lymphoceles after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection
Authors: Pose Randi M. , Knipper Sophie , Würnschimmel Christoph , Tennstedt Pierre , Michl Uwe , Maurer Tobias , Graefen Markus , Steuber Thomas
Published: May 2021

Objectives

To reduce the risk of symptomatic lymphocele (SLC), we present a technique using peritoneal fenestration that allows lymphatic fluid to drain into the abdomen, as SLC formation after open retropubic radical prostatectomy (ORP) with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) is a common adverse event.

Patients and Methods

We identified 1513 patients who underwent ORP with PLND between July 2018 and November 2019. Of those, 307 patients (20.3%) received peritoneal fenestration and 1206 (79.7%) no fenestration. The rate of LCs and the necessity for intervention were analysed by uni‐ and multivariable logistic regression (MLR) models. A propensity score matching was performed, as well.

Results

The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 65 (60–70) years. A median (IQR) of 16 (10–22) lymph nodes were dissected, 22 vs 14 lymph nodes in the fenestration vs non‐fenestration group (P < 0.001). Overall, 189 patients (12.5%) were diagnosed with a LC after ORP, while 21 patients (6.8%) in the fenestration and 168 (13.9%) in the non‐fenestration group had LCs (P = 0.001). In 70 patients (4.7%), LCs required further intervention, categorised as Clavien–Dindo Grade IIIa/b, with a smaller proportion in the fenestration group (2.9% vs 5.0% in the non‐fenestration group, P < 0.001). There were no Clavien–Dindo Grade IV or V complications, in particular no abdominal complications in association with peritoneal fenestration observed. In MLR, peritoneal fenestration was associated with a reduced risk of LCs (odds ratio [OR] 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2–0.5; P < 0.001). The risk reduction was also shown after propensity score matching (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.21–0.68; P = 0.001). The number needed to treat was 14.

Conclusions

Peritoneal fenestration may decrease the rate of SLC after ORP with (extended) PLND. Therefore, it should be part of the operative strategy.