bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia May Prevent Accurate Core Temperature Measurement by Tympanic Membrane Thermometer
Authors: Yeo SeonAe , Scarbough Millie
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of exercise-induced hyperthermia on brain and deep trunk temperature measurement in order to determine the optimal temperature site of the body for varying nursing practices in outpatient clinical settings. Eight women, 18 to 50 years old (30.9 +/- 12.6; mean +/- SD), participated in the study. Subjects were asked to perform their regular aerobic exercise in a natural environment while body temperature (ear and rectal) and heart rate (HR) were measured simultaneously and repeatedly before, during, and after exercise. Glass mercury rectal thermometers were used for measurement of deep trunk temperature, an infrared tympanic membrane thermometer for measurement of brain temperature, and a portable heart rate monitor for monitoring heart rate. Rectal temperature was higher than ear temperature for all but one of the 40 pairs of observation. The time pattern varied for the two modes of temperature (F=9.67; df 4,28; p<.001). Rectal temperature changed over time (F=7.86; df 4, 28;p<.002), and ear temperature did not (F=1 .5; df 4,28; p=.25), indicating that ear temperature did not respond to exercise. While rectal temperature was strongly correlated with HR (r=.60), ear temperature did not correlate either with rectal temperature (r=.02) or with HR (r=.08). Thus deep trunk temperature responds to exercise at moderate levels. On the other hand, ear temperature does not increase due to exercise. Ear temperature is not a valid indicator of trunk temperature during and immediately after exercise.
Development and Testing of a Measure of Perceived Caregiver Rewards in Adults
Authors: Fulton Picot Sandra J. , Youngblut JoAnne , Zeller Richard
Published: September 2018

Assessment of the rewards of caregiving is pertinent to a holistic view of the caregiving experience and design of health promotion interventions for caregivers. Few measures of caregiver positive appraisals exist. This paper describes the development and pilot testing of the Picot Caregiver Rewards Scale (PCRS) for adult caregivers. Derived from the choice and social exchange theory, caregiver interviews, and literature, 25 items compose the scale. Psychometric testings of the PCRS were conducted in a nonrandom sample of 83 Black female caregivers and a random sample of 256 Black and White female and male caregivers. Alphas of .83 and .88 demonstrated acceptable internal consistency of the revised 16-item PCRS. Construct validity was demonstrated by support of hypothesized relationships with caregiving demands, palliative coping, depression, and caregiver burden, as well as confirmatory factor analysis. Further psychometric study of the PCRS is recommended.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Russian Language Version of the Resilience Scale
Authors: Aroian Karen J. , Schappler-Morris Nancy , Neary Susan , Spitzer Ada , Tran Thanh V.
Published: September 2018

The Resilience Scale (RS) was developed by Wagnild and Young (1993) to measure a personality characteristic or coping resource that facilitates adaptation. The RS, however, has not been evaluated with foreign-born populations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to report the factor structure, internal consistency, and concurrent validity of a Russian language version of the RS in a sample of 450 recent former Soviet immigrants. The 25-item 2-factor solution obtained by Wagnild and Young (1993) was not supported by the Russian data. However, a modified 12-item Russian language version of the RS was, for the most part, reliable and valid: The standardized factor loadings and goodness of fit indices obtained from confirmatory factor analysis were acceptable, the internal consistency of one of the two subscales was very good, and the correlations between scores from the RS subscales and various measures of constructs that are theoretically linked with adaptation were in the expected direction and statistically significant.
Measures of Body Size Based on Height, Weight, and Reported Ideal Weight: Conceptual Distinctions and Empirical Demonstrations
Authors: Nies Mary A. , Cook Tom H. , Hepworth Joseph T.
Published: September 2018

Using height, weight, and self-reported weight, eight additional measures of body size were computed. The purpose of this paper was to specify conceptual distinctions and test hypothesized relationships among those newly constructed measures. Using a sample of healthy African American and European American women, correlations among the measures and race differences were assessed. High correlations suggested only two independent constructs, but theoretical considerations would suggest retaining, in addition to the traditional measure of body mass index, three new constructs: ideal body mass, a discrepancy measure, and a desirability measure. The only significant race difference was on ideal body mass. African American women reported a larger ideal body mass index than European American women. The use of actual versus self-report measures of height and weight, different conceptualizations of ideal weight, and clinical implications also were discussed.
Measuring Patient Satisfaction Outcomes Across Provider Disciplines
Authors: Marsh Gene W.
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this methodological research was to modify and test an instrument measuring patient satisfaction outcomes with primary care providers who represent different disciplines. The Patient Satisfaction with Health Care Provider Scale (PSHCPS) was adapted from a questionnaire indexing four satisfaction dimensions: Access, Humaneness, Quality, and General Satisfaction (Gherkin, Hart, & Rosenblatt, 1988). Following modification, the PSHCPS was administered to 167 adults with NP or MD providers at a university-based, managed-care setting for the medically indigent. The total scale Cronbach’ s alpha was .93. Factor analysis supported an unidimensional scale with 18 items loading above .40 and 43% explained variance.
Preliminary Testing of the Episode-Specific Interpretations of Exercise Inventory
Authors: Schneider Joanne K.
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop the Episode-Specific Interpretations of Exercise Inventory (ESIE). Through a qualitative analysis of women’s exercise experiences, episode-specific interpretations were defined operationally as consisting of five themes (Somatic Sensations, Affirmations, Connectedness, Explanations, and Reflections), each containing several categories. Nine-point adjectival scales were generated to represent these five qualitative themes. Older women (N = 364; mean age 69.5 ± 6.7) completed the ESIE, the Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale (EBBS), and three counterbalanced exercise behavior measures. Common factor analyses of the ESIE items resulted in nine factors. This measurement model was trimmed to six factors using structural equation modeling. Correlations with EBBS subscales and differences between high and low exercisers supported construct validity of the ESIE subscales.
Development of a Russian Satisfaction With Prenatal Care Scale
Authors: Ivanov L. Louise , Champion Victoria L.
Published: September 2018

Patient satisfaction with health services is used as a measure of the quality of patient care received. The emphasis on accountability and patient as consumer has contributed to the growing interest in studying patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction with prenatal care services has not been extensively studied including instrumentation to develop a satisfaction scale. The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and valid scale to measure satisfaction with prenatal care services in St. Petersburg, Russia, using the 6 satisfaction dimensions in Aday and Andersen’s Theoretical Framework (1974). It was conducted under the auspices of the World Health Organization, Healthy Cities Project. Although the study was conducted internationally, it provides a basis for further testing of reliability and validity in the United States. A convenience sample of 397 women with uncomplicated pregnancies and normal deliveries was studied (86% response rate). Content, construct, and predictive validity, and reliability testing using Cronbach’s alpha was conducted. The scale was found to be an adequate and theoretically sound measure of satisfaction with prenatal care services in Russia. However, rather than the 6 hypothesized satisfaction dimensions, Russian women identified 2 satisfaction subscales or measures for quality of prenatal care received. One was, as hypothesized, convenience, and the other was the doctor’s behavior.
Measurement of Sleep in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Richards Kathy C. , O’Sullivan Patricia S. , Phillips Robin L.
Published: September 2018

Research to evaluate interventions to promote sleep in critically ill patients has been restricted by the lack of brief, inexpensive outcome measures. This article describes the development and testing of an instrument to measure sleep in critically ill patients. A convenience sample of 70 alert, oriented, critically ill males was studied using polysomnography (PSG), the gold standard for sleep measurement, for one night. In the morning the patients completed the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ), a five-item visual analog scale. Internal consistency reliability of the RCSQ was .90 and principal components factor analysis revealed a single factor (Eigenvalue = 3.61, percent variance = 72.2). The RCSQ total score accounted for approximately 33% of the variance in the PSG indicator sleep efficiency index (p < .001). The data provide support for the reliability and validity of the RCSQ.
Item Response Theory in Affective Instrument Development: An Illustration
Authors: Beck Cheryl T. , Gable Robert K.
Published: September 2018

The benefits of item response theory (IRT) analysis in obtaining empirical support for construct validity make it an essential step in the instrument development process. IRT analysis can result in finer construct interpretations that lead to more thorough descriptions of low- and high-scoring respondents. A critical function of IRT is its ability to determine the adequacy with which the attitude continuum underlying each dimension is assessed by the respective items in an instrument. Many nurse researchers, however, are not reaping the benefits of IRT in the development of affective instruments. The purpose of this article is to familiarize nurse researchers with this valuable approach through a description of the Facets computer program. Facets uses a one parameter (i.e., item difficulty) Rasch measurement model. Data from a survey of 525 new mothers that assessed the psychometric properties of the Postpartum Depresssion Screening Scale are used to illustrate the Facets program. It is hoped that IRT will gain increased prominence in affective instrument development as more nurse researchers become aware of computer programs such as Facets to assist in analysis.
Psychometric Testing of the Depressive Cognition Scale in Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zauszniewski Jaclene A. , Chung ChaeWeon , Krafcik Karen , Sousa Valmi D.
Published: September 2018

Depression is prevalent in young and middle-aged diabetic women. Although cognitive depressive symptoms precede the development of depression, there is no screening instrument to measure these symptoms in diabetic patients. This study tested the psychometric properties of the Depressive Cognition Scale (DCS) in a convenience sample of 83 women with Type 2 diabetes. Alpha coefficient for the 8-item scale was .85, and the average inter-item correlation coefficient was .42. Construct validity was supported by correlations in the expected directions between the DCS and measures of learned resourcefulness, depressive symptoms, and health practices. Factor analysis presented a single dimension of 8 items. These findings suggest that the DSC will be useful in identifying patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes who are at risk for the development of clinical depression.
Documenting Patterns of Nursing Interventions Using Cluster Analysis
Authors: O’Connor Nancy A. , Kershaw Trace , Hameister Alicia D.
Published: September 2018

Use of inferential statistics in research applications of the Nursing Intervention Classification has been rare, yet use of these statistical techniques is needed to answer questions related to intervention patterns. Using data from a descriptive study of 3,733 visits documented by 19 adult nurse practitioner students, hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis was used to determine whether meaningful nursing intervention patterns could be depicted. Eight intervention clusters were derived, replicated, and validated. Clusters of intervention classes differed in the type of nursing and medical diagnosis, amount of time the nurse spent during the visit, cost of visit, and the age of the patient. Clustering supported the utility of standardized nursing diagnosis and intervention typologies to identify actual practice patterns of adult nurse practitioner students. Cluster analysis is a valuable data analysis strategy when analyzing multiple related variables.
Sensation and Distress of Pain Scales: Reliability, Validity, and Sensitivity
Authors: Good Marion , Stiller Catherine , Zauszniewski Jaclene A. , Anderson Gene C. , Stanton-Hicks Michael , Grass Jeffrey A.
Published: September 2018

Psychometric properties of the Sensation and Distress of Pain Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) are compared to dual numerical rating scales (NRS) with data from a randomized controlled trial of postoperative patients. On postoperative days 1 and 2, 15-minute test-retest reliability was .73 to .82 for the VAS and slightly lower for the NRS, r = .72 to .78, while convergent validity of the scales ranged from r = .90 to .92; construct validity of sensation and distress ranged from r = .72 to .85; and discriminant validity was lower, r - .65 to .78. Both instruments were significantly associated with pain reduction following treatment, p < .05 to .01. The VAS scores were significantly lower, p < .01 to .001, and more evenly distributed than NRS scores. It is recommended that the VAS be used in research to produce continuous scores that are more suited to parametric analysis.
Psychometric Assessment of the Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory in a Sample of Low-Income Single Mothers
Authors: Lutenbacher Melanie
Published: September 2018

The Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI) is a 32-item inventory widely used to identify adolescents and adults at risk for inadequate parenting behaviors. It includes four subscales representing the most frequent patterns associated with abusive parenting: (a) Inappropriate Expectations; (b) Lack of Empathy; (c) Parental Value of Corporal Punishment; and (d) Parent-Child Role Reversal. Although it has been used in a variety of samples, the psychometric properties of the AAPI have not been examined in low-income single mothers. The purposes of this study were to: (a) examine the reliability and validity of the Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI) in a sample of 206 low-income single mothers; (b) assess the mother’s risk for inadequate parenting by comparing their AAPI subscale scores with normative subscale scores on the AAPI; (c) assess the construct validity of the AAPI by testing the hypothesis that mothers with lower AAPI scores have a higher level of depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem in comparison to mothers with higher AAPI scores; and (d) determine whether the 4-factor structure proposed by Bavolek (1984) could be replicated. AAPI scores indicated these mothers were at high risk for child abuse when compared with normative data for parents with no known history of abuse. Higher risk for abusive parenting was associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms, less education, and unemployment. The subscales, Inappropriate Expectations and Parental Value of Corporal Punishment demonstrated poor internal consistency with Cronbach’s alphas of .40 and .54, respectively. Hypothesis testing supported the construct validity of the AAPI. Bavolek’s 4-factor structure was not supported. A 19-item modified version of the AAPI with three dimensions was identified. This modified version of the AAPI may provide a more efficacious tool for use with low-income single mothers.
Screening for Mental Illness: The Merger of Eugenics and the Drug Industry
Authors: Hassner Sharav Vera
Published: September 2018

The implementation of a recommendation by the President’s New Freedom Commission (NFC) to screen the entire United States population—children first—for presumed, undetected, mental illness is an ill-conceived policy destined for disastrous consequences. The “pseudoscientific” methods used to screen for mental and behavioral abnormalities are a legacy from the discredited ideology of eugenics. Both eugenics and psychiatry suffer from a common philosophical fallacy that undermines the validity of their theories and prescriptions. Both are wed to a faith-based ideological assumption that mental and behavior manifestations are biologically determined, and are, therefore, ameliorated by biological interventions. NFC promoted the Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP) as a “model” medication treatment plan. The impact of TMAP is evident in the skyrocketing increase in psychotropic drug prescriptions for children and adults, and in the disproportionate expenditure for psychotropic drugs. The New Freedom Commission’s screening for mental illness initiative is, therefore, but the first step toward prescribing drugs. The escalating expenditure for psychotropic drugs since TMAP leaves little doubt about who the beneficiaries of TMAP are. Screening for mental illness will increase their use.
Workforce Development Policy: Unrealized Potential for Americans with Disabilities
Authors: Thomas P. Golden , Susanne M. Bruyère , Arun Karpur , Zafar Nazarov , Sara Vanlooy , Beth Reiter
Published: September 2018

Individuals with disabilities have lower rates of workforce participation and lower earnings than their nondisabled peers. This article traces the history of the U.S. workforce development policy framework, including the Workforce Investment Act of 1998; the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended; and the impact of the Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999 on both of these policies. Reviewing literature and administrative data, we discuss how these policies have impacted current rehabilitation practice and identify remaining service delivery gaps. We conclude with a set of recommendations for enhancing the current workforce development policy and practice environment.
Translating Knowledge Through Blended Learning: A Comparative Analysis of Face-To-Face and Blended Learning Methods
Authors: Thomas P Golden , Arun Karpur
Published: September 2018

This study is a comparative analysis of the impact of traditional face-to-face training contrasted with a blended learning approach, as it relates to improving skills, knowledge and attitudes for enhancing practices for achieving improved employment outcomes for individuals with disabilities. The study included two intervention groups: one participated exclusively in a half-day traditional face-to-face training program entitled Disability is Diversity; the other participated in both the traditional program and also accessed a series of additional online tutorials to reinforce knowledge translation. The pre-/post-analysis of participants indicated a statistically significant increase in knowledge and intentions of improving employment outcomes for people with disabilities across both groups. A six-month post-training follow-up provided important details about the continued impact of training on improving employment for individuals with disabilities. Specifically, participants who participated in the blended learning model were more likely to advocate the use of leading practices compared to those who attended only the traditional program. Thus, use of a blended learning model appears to increase capacity building of practicing professionals as they approach employment issues for people with disabilities as an issue of diversity, leading toward improved employment outcomes.
Migrasi Bugis dan Madura di Selatan Papua Barat: Perjumpaan Etnis dan Agama di Minoritas Muslim
Authors: Wekke Ismail Suardi
Published: September 2018

Bugis and Madura already reach eastern part of Nusantara since 15th century. Both Indonesian ethnic have migration tradition as the common identity. With traditional transportation, they explore Makassar to Banda, and from Sampang to Surabaya. This research was conducted for six months. It was extended to three months. Therefore, research duration was nine months. Observation and in-depth interview were conducted to collect data. This research was conducted in Eastern part of Indonesia. Papua Island, Maluku, and surrounding islands those locate from capital city. It is known small island, big issues of criminality and others notorious issues. On the other hand, it is a peaceful area and multicultural society. Bugis and Madura among reside on those islands. They mainly concerned with fishing, business, and maritime activities. The notion of social interaction in economic activities sees cooperation and recognition. This research also argues that religious interaction and collective life emerge between Bugis and Madura and other ethnics. They construct new identity as Papua Bugis and social harmony Madura of Java. They establish migration on the basis of economic and social interest. Furthermore, this article concludes that they participate and construct as citizens in the society at large.
Pengaruh Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Inkuiri pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII di SMP Nurul Iman Palembang
Authors: Sakti Dinsa Iman
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini berjudul: Pengaruh penerapan metode pembelajaran inkuiri pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa kelas VIII di SMP Nurul Iman Palembang. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pembelajaran masih berpusat pada guru itu sendiri, sehigga pembelajaran PAI lebih menekankan aspek kognitif melalui kegiatan menghafal dalam upaya menguasai materi, dalam hal ini juga siswa kurang diarahkan untuk membangun pengetahuan sendiri, dengan kegiatan yang melibatkan siswa secara aktif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pertama, Penerapan metode pembelajaran inkuiri pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam siswa kelas VIII di SMP Nurul Iman Palembang berada dalam kategori tinggi, yakni sebesar 60% (44 orang). Kedua, Aktivitas belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di kelas VIII di SMP Nurul Iman Palembang. Berdasarkan hasil observasi kriteria aktivitas belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam memperoleh skor 4 atau 80% sebanyak 35 orang termasuk kategori tinggi. Ketiga, Pengaruh penerapan metode pembelajaran inkuiri pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas belajar siswa kelas VIII di SMP Nurul Iman Palembang. Hal ini dilihat dari hasil uji hipotesis yang diperoleh dalam perhitungan (yaitu t0 = 8.656) adalah lebih besar dari pada tt (baik pada taraf signifikasi 5% maupun pada taraf signifikasi 1%.
La identidad de la hojarasca de árboles tropicales determina la riqueza de hongos saprobios y la pérdida de biomasa
Authors: Gómez-Cornelio Sergio , Morón Ríos Alejandro
Published: September 2018

La descomposición de la hojarasca y la liberación de nutrimentos depende de múltiples factores como la identidad y características de la hojarasca, las condiciones ambientales y los organismos involucrados, entre ellos la comunidad fúngica. El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre la hojarasca de Piscidia piscipula, Bursera simaruba y Cedrela odorata con la pérdida de biomasa y la colonización fúngica, bajo condiciones de laboratorio a corto plazo. Se establecieron tratamientos monoespecí cos y en las combinaciones posibles de las hojas de las especies arbóreas mencionadas. Se aplicó humedad a cada tratamiento y se analizó la pérdida de biomasa de cada especie de hojarasca, así como la identidad de las especies de hongos en cada tratamiento. Se diferenciaron 48 morfoespecies de hongos, con mayor número de morfoespecies exclusivas para Cedrela odorata. La presencia de Cedrela odorata en las mezclas, incrementó la riqueza de morfoespecies de hongos para las otras especies de árboles, mientras que la presencia deBursera simaruba, disminuyó esta variable, posiblemente por su composición química. A pesar del corto tiempo, se encontró pérdida de biomasa signi cativa en las mezclas de hojas con Cedrela odorata mientras que en las mezclas con Piscidia piscipula y Bursera simaruba no se encontraron diferencias signi cativas. También se observó que la pérdida de biomasa y la riqueza de morfoespecies de hongos fue determinada por la identidad de la hojarasca, más que por el número de especies en las mezclas de hojas.
Áreas Voluntarias de Conservación y la extracción de leña en núcleos agrarios de Oaxaca
Authors: Silva Aparicio Marisa , Castro Ramírez Adriana Elena , Perales Rivera Hugo Rafael
Published: September 2018

El combustible principal en poblaciones rurales de diversas entidades de México es la leña. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el efecto de la certificación de ADVC en la extracción de leña de las ADUC en tres núcleos agrarios de Oaxaca. Se realizaron entrevistas abiertas semiestructuradas y encuestas a ejidatarios y líderes comunitarios de manera aleatoria en San Pedro Huamelula, Unión Zapata y San Marcos Arteaga (regiones Istmo-Costa, Valles Centrales y Mixteca) de Oaxaca, así como a los directores regionales de la CONANP donde se ubican las ADVC. Además, se hicieron muestreos sistemáticos de las especies leñosas en las áreas (ADVC y ADUC), de los tres sitios y se estimó su Valor de Importancia Relativa (VIR). Entre 14 y 26 fue el número de especies utilizadas para leña en los núcleos agrarios (15% de las registradas en los muestreos); las preferidas para este fin corresponden mayoritariamente a vegetación secundaria. Si bien, en las ADVC se limita el acceso y uso de los recursos vegetales, lo que reduce la superficie de donde extraen la leña, no significó sobre explotar los recursos de las ADUC.
¿Son los pigmentos fotosintéticos buenos indicadores de la relación del nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio en frijol ejotero?
Authors: Chávez Esteban Sánchez , Ruiz Juan Mauel , Romero Luis , Preciado-Rangel Pablo , Flores-Córdova María Antonia , Márquez-Quiroz César
Published: September 2018

El objetivo fue conocer si los pigmentos foliares son buenos indicadores del estado nutricional del N, P y K en plantas de frijol ejotero. Se realizaron tres estudios independientes,en el primero, el N se aplicóa la solución nutritiva en la forma de NH4NO3en dosis crecientes de 0 a 24.0 mM de N. En el segundo experimento, el P se aplicó en la forma H3PO4en dosis crecientes de 0 a 8.0 mM de P, y en el tercer experimento, el K se aplicó en la forma KSO4en dosis crecientes de 0 a 16.0 mM de K. Los parámetros analizados en tejido foliar fueron: concentración de N, P y K, biomasa, concentración de pigmentos foliares y sus relaciones. Los resultados indican que la aplicación de N favoreció la acumulación de clorofila a, b y carotenos, presentándose la máxima concentración en la dosis de 18 mM, de la misma manera la aplicación de P favoreció la acumulación de pigmentos, presentando la dosis de 4.0 mM, la mayor acumulación; mientras que la aplicación de K presentó un comportamiento inverso al N y P, presentando la mayor acumulación de pigmentos en la dosis de 1.0 mM. La concentración de clorofila a y b, y clorofila total tuvo correlación positiva y significativa con el estado nutricional del N. Los modelos matemáticos polinomial pudieran ser un instrumento para la toma de decisiones para el manejo nutricional sustentable de la fertilización de N, P y K.
Precious Metal Enrichment at the Myra Falls VMS Deposit, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Marshall Daniel , Nicol Carol-Anne , Greene Robert , Sawyer Rick , Stansell Armond , Easterbrook Ross
Published: September 2018

Gold, present as electrum, in the Battle Gap, Ridge North-West, HW, and Price deposits at the Myra Falls mine, occurs in late veinlets cutting the earlier VMS lithologies. The ore mineral assemblage containing the electrum comprises dominantly galena, tennantite, bornite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and rare stromeyerite is defined as an Au-Zn-Pb-As-Sb association. The gangue is comprised of barite, quartz, and minor feldspathic volcanogenic sedimentary rocks and clay. Deposition of gold as electrum in the baritic upper portions of the sulphide lenses occurs at relatively shallow water depths beneath the sea floor. Primary, pseudosecondary, and secondary fluid inclusions, petrographically related to gold, show boiling fluid inclusion assemblages in the range of 123 to 173 °C, with compositions and eutectic melt temperatures consistent with seawater at approximately 3.2 wt% NaCl equivalent. The fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures are consistent with boiling seawater corresponding to water depths ranging from 15 to 125 metres. Slightly more dilute brines corresponding to salinities of approximately 1 wt% NaCl indicate that there is input from very low-salinity brines, which could represent a transition from subaqueous VMS to epithermal-like conditions for precious metal enrichment, mixing with re‑condensed vapour, or very low-salinity igneous fluids.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Ameliorated Diabetic Nephropathy by Autophagy Induction through mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ebrahim Nesrine , Ahmed Inas A. , Hussien Noha I. , Dessouky Arigue A. , Farid Ayman Samir , Elshazly Amal M. , Mostafa Ola , El Gazzar Walaa Bayoumie , Sorour Safwa M. , Seleem Yasmin , Hussein Ahmed M. , Sabry Dina
Published: September 2018

Background: diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and a common cause for end stage renal disease. Autophagy has a defensive role against kidney damage caused by hyperglycemia. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived exosomes are currently considered as a new promising therapy in chronic renal injury. However, the renal protective mechanism of exosomes on DN has not been completely understood. We examined the potential role of MSCs derived exosomes in enhancement of autophagy activity and its effect on DN. In our study we used five groups of rats; control, DN, DN treated with exosomes, DN treated with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (inhibitors of autophagy) and DN treated with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine and exosomes groups. We assessed renal functions, morphology and fibrosis. Moreover, autophagy markers; mTOR, Beclin-1, light chain-3 (LC3-II), and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were detected. Additionally, electron microscopy was used for detection of autophagosomes. Results: Exosomes markedly improved the renal functions and showed histological restoration of renal tissues with significant increase in LC3 and Beclin-1 besides the significant decrease in mTOR and fibrotic markers expression in renal tissue. All previous effects were partially abolished by the autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine and 3-MA. Conclusions: we conclude that autophagy induction by exosomes could attenuate DN in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
A Note on Modified Degenerate Gamma and Laplace Transformation
Authors: Kim Yunjae , Kim Byung Moon , Jang Lee-Chae , Kwon Jongkyum
Published: September 2018

Kim-Kim ([9]) studied some properties of the degenerate gamma and degenerate Laplace transformation and obtained their properties. In this paper, we define modified degenerate gamma and modified degenerate Laplace Transformation and investigate some properties and formulas related to them.
Delays in Initial Referral, Diagnosis and Treatment in Children with Cancer
Authors: Pourfeizi Abbasali Hosein , Hosseini Rana , Sheervaliloo Roghayeh , Mehranfar Sahar
Published: September 2018

Background: Cancer has been one of the most critical health problems during the past decades which require serious consideration, especially in developing countries. Methods: 80 parents of the children with different types of cancers were studied via both questionnaire and person-to-person interview after announcing their informed consent. Results: The highest delay in patients' initial referral was due to the following factors: lack of attention or ignoring the first symptoms, delay in referring to the physician, low economic status and even lack of family support for the patient. In addition, visiting several doctors after the initial diagnosis, uncertainty about the first proposed method, and high cost of treatment can be mentioned as the main causes of delays in the start of treatment. Conclusion: Education plays an important role in identifying the signs of cancer. In addition, proper relationship and cooperation between the health system and physicians as well as provision of adequate information to patients could lead to the long-term cooperation of these patients in continuing their treatment.
Effect of Modification in Flow Distributor Valve Geometry on the Pressure Drop and Chamber Pressures, in Numerical and Analytical Way, in ORBIT Motor HST Unit
Authors: Roy Debanshu , Kumar Amit , Maiti Rathindranath , Das Prasanta Kumar
Published: September 2018

In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze the effect of spool port/ groove geometry on the pressure drop and chamber pressures which effect the performance parameters of the flow distributor valve. The work mainly involves formulation of detailed mathematical model of the valve and compare them on the same platform. For mathematical modelling, Matlab has been used. The size of the orifices is considered same throughout the model for better comparison. Initially the construction and functioning of flow distributor valve along with working principles of hydrostatic motor (Rotary Piston) is shown. Next shown the analytical analysis of area change and pressure drops due to different geometry of the spool valve ports. After that the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis has been shown. A complete mathematical model to describe such flow distributor valve is developed after having a comprehensive knowledge of orifice characteristics, flow interactions based on valve geometry. Equations of flow through different orifices (fixed and variable area) of the valve have been developed based on the relationships obtained earlier.
El nacimiento de un municipio industrial en la Bahía de Santander: Astillero (Cantabria) entre los siglos XIX y XX
Authors: Cueto Alonso Gerardo
Published: September 2018

A mediados del siglo XIX, Astillero, un pequeño y tranquilo pueblo al Suroeste de la Bahía de Santander, era un lugar de veraneo frecuentado por la burguesía santanderina e incluso por algunas familias madrileñas. Las casas de baños, las quintas de recreo y los establecimientos hoteleros formaban parte de su paisaje. Sin embargo, en poco tiempo todo cambió; el desarrollo minero e industrial fue paulatinamente haciendo desaparecer este idílico paisaje, que fue sustituido por chimeneas y almacenes industriales, cargaderos de mineral y petróleo, diques para la construcción de barcos… En definitiva, la pujanza de estas nuevas actividades económicas desterró los usos turísticos como ocurría en esos años en otros núcleos del Norte de España.
Modelos predictivos en Biogeografía: aplicación para la modelización de nichos ecológicos en Geografía Física
Authors: Gutiérrez Hernández Oliver , Cámara Artigas Rafael , Senciales González José María , García Luis V.
Published: September 2018

La Biogeografía está en el origen de la Geografía moderna. Desde el principio, el estudio de la distribución de los seres vivos y la interpretación de los nichos ecológicos ha constituido uno de los frentes más activos de la Geografía Física. Sin embargo, en algunos países, los geógrafos abandonaron el enfoque ecológico en los estudios de biogeográficos. En este artículo, se propone un flujo de trabajo general para integrar la modelización de nichos ecológicos en el contexto de la Biogeografía como ciencia geográfica que estudia patrones de biodiversidad. El estudio de caso aborda la predicción del nicho ecológico fundamental del alcornoque en Andalucía.
First-time versus repeat visitors’ behavior patterns: a GPS analysis
Authors: Galí Espelt Núria , Donaire Benito José A.
Published: September 2018

Past research conducted on visitors' behavior has highlighted the differences between first-time and repeat visitors in urban and natural settings. To determine whether these differences also exist in a monumental city, we have studied visitor behavior in the historic city of Girona (Spain). Data from 1288 GPS tracking were recorded. Of these, 928 were first-time visitors, and the remaining 360 corresponded to repeat visitors. Findings show that there is very little difference in how first-time and repeat visitors act, compared to visitor behavior in other types of tourist destinations. Nevertheless, the results do demonstrate differences between low frequency visitors (between 1 and 4 visits) and high frequency visitors (more than 4 visits). These results suggest that sightseeing creates very homogeneous behavior pattern between first-time and repeat visitors, and highlight the need to differentiate repeat visitors according to the number of visits done in the monumental city.
Studying the influence of livestock pressure on gully erosion in rangelands of SW Spain by means of the UAV+SfM workflow
Authors: Gómez Gutiérrez Álvaro , Schnabel Susanne , Lavado Contador Francisco , De Sanjosé José Juan , Atkinson Alan D. J. , Pulido Fernández Manuel , Sánchez Fernández Manuel
Published: September 2018

Gully erosion in agrosilvopastoral systems of SW Spain represents a common degradation process, but has been hardly analysed. The suitability of using the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Structure from Motion photogrammetry (SfM) workflow to map small valley-bottom gullies in these landscapes was tested. The results showed centimetre-level accuracy. Observed strengths and limitations of the UAV+SfM workflow in the study areas are discussed. The resulting cartography allowed mapping soil erosion forms at outstanding spatial scales. All study areas showed evidences of degradation.
Espacios agrarios y justicia de género: un caso de estudio en el País Vasco
Authors: Urkidi Azkarraga Leire
Published: September 2018

El artículo explora la intersección entre espacio agrario y feminismo, a partir de un caso de estudio en Usurbil (País Vasco). El objetivo es visibilizar y analizar las experiencias, desigualdades e identidades de la mujer agricultora –agente social ausente en nuestras narrativas– en el contexto del Norte Global. Se analizan las múltiples injusticias de género en relación a la división sexual del trabajo, las relaciones de poder, la participación y el reconocimiento (ausente/estereotipado), para concluir con las especificidades de estas injusticias para el espacio agrario y para el caso vasco.
Los procesos de metropolitanización dispersa: Castro Urdiales (Cantabria) en la región urbana de Bilbao
Authors: Delgado Viñas Carmen
Published: September 2018

Castro Urdiales (Cantabria) es un ejemplo paradigmático de la problemática de los actuales procesos de urbanización, del crecimiento de los pequeños núcleos periféricos de una aglomeración urbana a partir de la descentralización y dispersión intrametropolitana, del cambio morfológico de los espacios urbanos a consecuencia del "estallido" de la ciudad y la diseminación de fragmentos construidos de la misma por las áreas rurales más o menos próximas. No obstante, también presenta algunas singularidades provenientes, sobre todo, de su pertenencia político-administrativa a una Comunidad Autónoma distinta de aquélla en la que se encuentra el núcleo central y las demás entidades integrantes de la región urbana, el País Vasco. Los límites autonómicos no parecen haber sido un obstáculo para la configuración funcional del área metropolitana más allá de los confines que deslindan el territorio político-administrativo, pero sí producen "efectos de frontera” como consecuencia de las actuaciones de las administraciones implicadas, locales y autonómicas, en materia urbanística y de dotación de infraestructuras, servicios y equipamientos.
Traditional and modern methods used in phylogenesis and protection of native middle-European bee in Poland
Authors: MADRAS-MAJEWSKA BEATA , SKONIECZNA ŁUCJA
Published: September 2018

In Poland, as in the whole world, there is a growing risk of extinction of the honeybee, especially the subspecies of the native middle-European bee. The main factors for the disappearance of native bee lines are environmental degradation, diseases and pathogens, as well as the introduction of imported queen bees of other breeds into domestic breeding. In this situation, it is particularly important to protect the genetic resources of native bees, which currently live in small areas covered by protection programs. The aim of this work is to review the possibilities offered by morphological and genetic examinations in the conservation breeding of native honey bee lines. It was found that the implementation of programs for the protection of native middle-European bees should be continued because of the growing risk of losing or diluting the valuable gene pool of native bees. Only the combination of phenotypic analysis and analysis based on DNA markers can effectively contribute to the protection of the native middle-European bee..
Surface Modification by Nanobiomaterials for Vascular Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Hung Huey-Shan , Hsu Shan-hui
Published: September 2018

Treatment of cardiovascular disease has achieved great success using artificial implants, particularly synthetic-polymer made grafts. However, thrombus formation and restenosis are the current clinical problems need to be conquered. New biomaterials, modifying the surface of synthetic vascular grafts, have been created to improve long-term patency for the better hemocompatibility. The vascular biomaterials can be fabricated from synthetic or natural polymers for vascular tissue engineering. Stem cells can be seeded by different techniques into tissue-engineered vascular grafts in vitro and implanted in vivo to repair the vascular tissues. To overcome the thrombogenesis and promote the endothelialization effect, vascular biomaterials employing nanotopography are more bio-mimic to the native tissue made and have been engineered by various approaches such as prepared as a simple surface coating on the vascular biomaterials. It has now become an important and interesting field to find novel approaches to better endothelization of vascular biomaterials. In this article, we focus to review the techniques with better potential improving endothelization and summarize for vascular biomaterial application. This review article will enable the development of biomaterials with a high degree of originality, innovative research on novel techniques for surface fabrication for vascular biomaterials application.
Simultaneous Electrochemical Evaluation of Ascorbic Acid, Epinephrine and Uric Acid at Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrode: Highly Sensitive Determination in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Liquids by Differential Pulse Voltammetry
Authors: Levent Abdulkadir , Önal Günay
Published: September 2018

Aim and Objective:

As is known, AA, EP and UA can also coexist in biological fluids.
Therefore, the determination of the levels of these compounds in biological fluids is extremely
important both for the diagnosis and treatment of the related diseases. In the presence of many
interfering substances in biological fluids such as blood and urine samples, it is very important that
these compounds can be selectively analyzed.

Materials and Methods:

All electrochemical experiments were performed using an Autolab
PGSTAT 128N potentiostat. Before beginning the electrochemical measurements, the PGE was
activated. The electrochemical pretreatment of PG was exercised by anodically +1.40 V for 60 s.
Then, measurements were performed with CV (-0.4 V to 1.2 V) and DPV (-0.2 V to 0.7 V) for single
and simultaneous voltammetric behaviour of AA, EP, and UA in the electrochemical method.

Results:

The anodic peak potentials of AA and UA were observed at about +0.32 V and +0.62 V,
respectively. On the other hand, for EP, while anodic peak potential was observed at about +0.53 V,
in the reverse scan, cathodic peak potentials were observed at about +0.41 V and +0.007 V. The
reduction peak observed at +0.3 V with the oxidation peak observed at +0.53 V are the reversible
peaks. In the method developed for the electrochemical simultaneous determination of AA, EP and
UA using PGE with DPV technique in BR buffer solution (pH 4.0), the anodic peak potentials are
sufficiently separated from each other.

Conclusion:

A voltammetric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of AA, EP
and UA with PGE for the first time. Here, the most important thing is that the simultaneous
determination of AA, EP and UA was successfully achieved with that targeted voltammetric method
which was sensitive, low-cost, practical and well-repeated; and that these were proven to be
selectively applicable in pharmaceutical products and biological liquids.
DNA Repair Proteins as Therapeutic Targets in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: López-Camarillo César , Rincón Dolores G. , Ruiz-García Erika , Astudillo-de la Vega Horacio , Marchat Laurence A.
Published: September 2018

Epithelial ovarian cancer is a serious public health problem worldwide with the highest mortality rate of all gynecologic cancers. The current standard-of-care for the treatment of ovarian cancer is based on chemotherapy based on adjuvant cisplatin/carboplatin and taxane regimens that represent the first-line agents for patients with advanced disease. The DNA repair activity of cancer cells determines the efficacy of anticancer drugs. These features make DNA repair mechanisms a promising target for novel cancer treatments. In this context a better understanding of the DNA damage response caused by antitumor agents has provided the basis for the use of DNA repair inhibitors to improve the therapeutic use of DNA-damaging drugs. In this review, we will discuss the functions of DNA repair proteins and the advances in targeting DNA repair pathways with special emphasis in the inhibition of HRR and BER in ovarian cancer. We focused in the actual efforts in the development and clinical use of poly (ADPribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the intervention of BRCA1/BRCA2-deficient ovarian tumors. The clinical development of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations and sporadic high-grade serous ovarian cancer is ongoing. Some phase II and phase III trials have been completed with promising results for ovarian cancer patients.