bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 5 YEAR STUDY OF INDICATIONS FOR TRACHEOSTOMY IN THE LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Olubi O , N Jebbin E. , F.O Nwachukwu , S Oni K. , O.I Olorunyomi , D.M. Umoren
Published: July 2023

Background: The aim of this study is to identify the common indications for tracheostomy in the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital in a 5
year period (2017-2021) carried out by the ENT Department of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. A review of the Surgery Method:
records of all patients with tracheostomy over the study period (January 2017 to December 2021) using the records of the Main theatre, Intensive
Care unit and the private critical care unit of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital between 2017 and 2021 after ethical approval. Data
retrieved includes: Age, Sex, Indication for Surgery, type of tracheostomy (Emergency or elective) and method of Anaesthesia and data analyzed
using Microsoft Excel. In the study period, 89 tracheostomies were carried out of whi Result: ch 62(69.66%) were emergencies while 27(30.34%)
were electives. 51(57.3%) were done under General anaesthesia while 38(42.7%) were under local anaesthesia. 38(42.7%) of the patients were
females while 51(57.3%) were males. The common indications for tracheostomy were upper airway obstruction secondary to laryngeal
tumor(37.8%) and upper airway obstruction secondary to tracheomalacia (16.85%). Prolonged Huge multi-nodular Goitre with suspected
tracheomalacia (7.87%) and assess for anaesthesia(5.62%) were other indications for tracheostomy. Tracheostomy remains a live Conclusion:
saving procedure. Relief of upper airways obstructions secondary to laryngeal tumor and tracheomalacia were the common indications in our
study. Other common indications are prolonged huge multi-nodular goitre with suspected tracheomalacia and assess for anaesthesia.
A STUDY ON PEPTIC PERFORATION- RELATIONSHIP OF OPERATION TIME INTERVAL WITH MORTALITY
Authors: Sheth Dhruvesh , Patel Jatin , Chaudhary Arth
Published: July 2023

The peptic perforation (PUO) is one of the commonest abdominal surgical emergencies. Common causes are H.pylori, increased inadvertent use of NSAIDS, smoking and stress of modern life. During last few years there has been great revolution in availability of the newer broad spectrum antibiotics, better understanding of disease, effective resuscitation, prompt surgery under modern anaesthesia techniques, and intensive care unit resulted in reducing the mortality. However still many risk factors are associated with prognosis, so aim our study to nd out the signicance of the Perforation-Operation Interval with respect to prognosis, in patients with peritonitis which is caused by peptic ulcer perforation. Methods: A prospective randomized study was conducted of 50 patients in Narendra Modi Medical College (L.G. Hospital, Maninagar, Ahmedabad). All were indoor patients with diagnosis of peptic perforation in stomach and/or duodenum excluding other sites. Each patient was study in detail with relevant clinical history, examination, laboratory investigations and management. The perforation-operation interval was calculated from the time of onset of the symptoms like severe abdominal pain or vomiting till the time the patient was operated. Results: Out of the 50 patients 42 were males and 8 were females, with a male : female ratio of 5.2:1. Their ages ranged between 16-70 years. Out of the 50 patients, 26 patients (52%) presented within 12 hours of the onset of severe abdominal pain (Group A), 13 patients (26%) presented between 12-24 hours of the onset of severe abdominal pain (Group B) and 11 patients (22%) presented after 24 hours. There was no mortality in Group Aand the morbidity was more in Group B and Group C. There were 2(4%) deaths in Group C. Conclusion: The problem of peptic ulcer perforation with its complication, can be decreased by decreasing the perforation –operation time interval, which as per our study, appeared to be the single most important mortality and morbidity indicator in peptic ulcer perforation
DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN SMARTPHONE TERHADAP KARAKTER RELIGIUS PESERTA DIDIK DI KELAS II DI SDN 21/II RANTAU IKIL KEMATAN JUJUHAN
Authors: Lika Apreasta  , Darniyanti Yulia , Ela Pertiwi
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to see how the impact of using smartphones, the religious character of students and the efforts of teachers in instilling religious character in students. This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type, the informant selection technique was carried out by means of purposive sampling. Data collection techniques with in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation studies. Data analysis uses the Miles and Huberman models. The results of this study are in accordance with the formulation of the problem (1) the impact of using smartphones on the religious character of students, (2) the efforts of teachers in instilling religious character in students. Based on the formulation of the problem, it can be formulated that the impact of smartphone use greatly influences the religious character of students. As for the impact of using a smartphone, namely (a) likes to rebel or fight, (b) lack of interest in learning, (c) lazy to pray, (d) arrogant, (e) likes to be alone. These efforts were carried out by the teachers to shape the personality of students to be better, and have good character as well.
TRADUÇÃO DOS TERMOS NÚMERO E UNIDADE DO LIVRO I DO GENERAL TRATTATO DI NUMERI E MISURE DI NICCOLÒ TARTAGLIA
Authors: Bromberg Carla
Published: July 2023

Neste artigo, são traduzidos para o português os conceitos de número e de unidade apresentados por Niccolò Tartaglia (1500-1556) no Primeiro livro da sua obra General Trattato de’ numeri et misure e comparados com as respectivas definições fornecidas em obra anterior, qual seja, a tradução dos Elementos de Euclides.
A Literature Review on Data Monetization using Smart Contracts
Authors: Nishanth M  , Kavitha S
Published: July 2023

Blockchain technology is poised to change nearly every facet of our digital lives. Blockchain can be said as an immutable, and decentralized database. Data stored in the blockchain cannot be tampered, making it secure. Also, being decentralized, no central entity controls the blockchain, ensuring reliability. So, the data can be stored publicly, such that anyone could read the data. This vast availability of data could enable data scientists to perform various analytics over the large amount of data. This could result in many useful insights in many fields. But, when sensitive data such as healthcare data and reports are to be stored in the blockchain, it could raise several privacy issues. Medical reports or personal information cannot be stored in a way that anyone could access them. Thus, this paper suggests a way to store and perform analytics over sensitive data in blockchain. In this paper homomorphic encryption is used to store the sensitive data in blockchain. Computed results from homomorphic encryption on ciphertexts are encrypted. When the encrypted result is decoded, it produces a result that is identical to what would have happened if the operations had been carried out in plaintext. Thus, critical data are encrypted and stored in the blockchain, data analytics are performed over them, without knowing the actual data. Thus, the proposed system provides privacy of the data stored publicly and could also profit the data scientists with access to large amount of real time data directly from the owners of the data
Research on the Governance of the State-owned Proprietorship Companies
Authors: Qu Yuan
Published: July 2023

As a symbol of the innovation of modern enterprise system in China, the state-owned proprietorship company is a unique corporate form designed by the Company Law for the corporatization reform of all state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises. A solely state-owned company is a limited liability company established by the state with separate investment. Its unique equity structure and traditional governance experience of state-owned enterprises determine the uniqueness of its governance structure. In the process of establishing and improving modern enterprise systems, state-owned proprietorship companies have exposed many problems in governance, such as unclear responsibilities of investors, indistinguishable governance between government and enterprises, and incomplete corporate governance structure. The corporate governance structure is the core of a company, and without a sound corporate governance structure, it is not an excellent company, which directly affects its competitiveness. Improving the governance structure of state-owned proprietorship companies provides useful reference for the reform of state-owned enterprises in China, and is of great significance for enhancing the market competitiveness of state-owned enterprises and achieving the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets. Based on the analysis of the current situation and existing problems of the governance structure of state-owned proprietorship companies, countermeasures are proposed to improve the governance structure of state-owned proprietorship companies in China.
ایجاد معاملات بيتا للزوجة ودوال الديناميكا الحرارية للسريان اللزج لكل من هيدروكسيد الصوديوم وحمض الكبريتيك المركز اثناء مرور تيار متردد عند جهود کهربية مختلفة
Authors: المنصوري صابر السيد , الريس ابراهيم حسن حسیب , الربيعي ناظم عبد الكريم
Published: July 2023

تم في هذه الورقة دراسة التغير في اللزوجة لبعض الالكتروليتات القوية مثل حمض الكبريتيك المركز وهيدروكسيد الصوديوم تحت تأثير التيار المتردد، وبتطبيق الفولتات بين الصفر، 250 فولت عند تردد 50 هرتز. كما تم حساب معاملات بيتا للزوجة ودوال الديناميكا الحرارية للسريان اللزج لهذه المحاليل. ومن خلال هذه الدراسة تبين أن التيار المتردد المتماثل يعمل على تقليل اللزوجة للمحلول الالكتروليتي. ويعتمد انخفاض اللزوجة على خواص المحاليل تحت تأثير ممانعة المجال الكهربي . كما لوحظ من النتائج أن قيم اللزوجة ومعامل اللزوجة تنخفض مع زيادة الجهد الكهربي إلا أن طاقة التنشيط والانثالي تزداد بزيادة الجهد.
Hábitos alimentares e fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em caminhoneiros de uma cooperativa agropecuária
Authors: Silva Katielly Cardozo da , Rezende Antônio José de , Lins Tulio Cesar de Lima
Published: July 2023

Introdução: motoristas de caminhão possuem uma jornada de trabalho que pode favorecer o estilo de vida não saudável, tais como hábitos alimentares inadequados e sedentarismo. Esses fatores são desencadeadores de riscos cardiovasculares e incidência de doenças crônicas metabólicas nesses profissionais. Objetivo: investigar os hábitos alimentares e fatores de risco relacionados a doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em caminhoneiros de uma cooperativa agropecuária no Distrito Federal, Brasil. Métodos: dados foram coletados em formulários com perguntas sobre hábitos alimentares, questionário de frequência alimentar, patologias e histórico familiar. Avaliação antropométrica feita com aferição do peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura e abdominal.Resultados: participaram 40 motoristas com idade média de 42 anos e maioria (62,5%) com mais de 10 anos de profissão. Relataram fazer em média 4 refeições, sendo o almoço a mais frequente, realizado em maior parte do tempo em restaurantes ou churrascarias. Os hábitos alimentares foram inadequados em 62,5% dos participantes, destacando-se o alto consumo de refrigerante, suco artificial, carne bovina e salgado frito. O consumo de frutas e hortaliças também foi inadequado. A maioria se encontra com sobrepeso ou obesidade (75%) e apresenta risco cardiovascular pela circunferência de cintura e abdômen (72,5%). Porém, poucos relataram presença de doenças crônicas como hipertensão (17,5%), dislipidemia (5%) e diabetes (5%), apesar de prevalente no histórico familiar.Conclusão: os caminhoneiros possuem riscos para alimentação inadequada e para doenças cardiovasculares e metabólicas, necessitando de suporte aos cuidados da saúde e alimentação.
The role of leadership in transforming the business model
Authors: Emelian Vitalie
Published: July 2023

The relevance of the study is determined by the role of the leadership and the management team as a whole in ensuring the success of the company. We live in an ever-changing world, and every day brings new challenges for organizations. Organizations are obliged to face these challenges, to demonstrate competitiveness, to adapt permanently to those changes that occur in the external environment. We argue in this study that there are no single recipes. The nature of the change must be adjusted to suit the situation. The last decade has required organizations to transform, in the short term, even their business model in order to survive. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the need to achieve business transformation under the pressure of the internal and external environmental factors in which the company operates. In this sense we set out to analyse what business transformation presents and what is the interdependence with "business improvement", what are the types of business transformations. We argue the important role of leadership in the success of business model transformation. The research is carried out based on the study of the relevant bibliographic sources in the field, as well as the experience in the field of business management of the doctoral student.
Expressions of Digital Transformation in the Branding of Post-Soviet Universities
Authors: Soghomonyan Zaruhi
Published: July 2023

Despite the fact that there is a lot of discussion around the concept of digital transformation, a review of the literature shows that there are many different, often conflicting interpretations and definitions of this term. Some authors argue that digital transformation refers to the introduction of IT into the activities of the company, others consider it a natural, evolutionary process. Among the latter, one of the most complete and comprehensive concepts of digital transformation describes it as a natural process of development, in which digital technologies and opportunities are used to create business models that create value, as well as deliver more efficient services. It is also possible to consider digital transformation in terms of the interaction between organizational, structural, strategic and technological changes necessary to meet the requirements of the modern digital age.
Չնայած այն հանգամանքին, որ կան բազմաթիվ քննարկումներ թվային փոխակերպման (Digital transformation) հայեցակարգի շուրջ՝ գրականության ամբողջական ուսումնասիրությունը գալիս է փաստելու, որ կան նշյալ եզրույթի բազմաթիվ, երբեմն նաև իրար հակասող մեկնաբանություններ և սահմանումներ: Որոշ հեղինակներ պնդում են, որ թվային փոխակերպումը վերաբերում է ընկերության գործունեության մեջ ՏՏ լուծումների ինտեգրմանը, ոմանք այն համարում են բնական, էվոլյուցիոն գործընթաց: Վերջիններիս թվում թվային փոխակերպումների առավել համապարփակ և ամբողջական հայեցակարգերից մեկն այն նկարագրում է՝ որպես զարգացման բնականոն մի գործընթաց, որը թվային տեխնոլոգիաներն ու դրանց ընձեռած հնարավորություններն օգտագործում է արժեք ստեղծող բիզնես մոդելների գեներացման, ծառայությունների ավելի արդյունավետ մատուցման և այլնի համար: Հնարավոր է նաև թվային փոխակերպումը դիտարկել կազմակերպչական, կառուցվածքային, ռազմավարական և տեխնոլոգիական փոփոխությունների փոխազդեցության տեսանկյունից, որոնք անհրաժեշտ են ներկայիս թվային դարաշրջանի պահանջները բավարարելու համար:
Несмотря на то, что вокруг концепции цифровой трансформации (Digital transformation) ведется множество дискуссий, обзор литературы показывает, что существует множество различных, зачастую противоречащих друг другу интерпретаций и определений этого термина. Некоторые авторы утверждают, что цифровая трансформация относится к внедрению ИТ в деятельность компании, некоторые рассматривают ее как естественный, эволюционный процесс. Среди последних одна из наиболее полных и всесторонних концепций цифровых преобразований описывает ее как естественный процесс развития, в котором цифровые технологии и возможности используются для создания бизнес-моделей, создающих ценность, а также предоставления более эффективных услуг. Также можно рассматривать цифровую трансформацию с точки зрения взаимодействия между организационными, структурными, стратегическими и технологическими изменениями, необходимыми для удовлетворения требований современной цифровой эпохи.
Editorial
Authors: BOULIER Jean-François
Published: July 2023

Sustainable Finance has become at the forefront of present thinking and practices in Europe. Research on ESG and its impacts, which was develop at the beginning of the century by some pioneers, is now mainstream. Finance professionals and their colleagues embrace the many aspects of this new approach and sometimes struggle with the implementation challenges and the regulations. The ambition of Bankers Markets and Investors is therefore to publish relevant and top quality research bringing new insights on this field that could help practitioners to address these challenges.
Rational Dissent on Climate Change in Calgary: responding to Haney (2022)
Authors: Stirling Michelle
Published: July 2023

Social scientists have been active participants in assessing and debunking climate change denialism. This paper applies the Scientific Method (Armstrong & Green 2022) to deconstruct the work of Haney (2022) who theorized that the massive 2013 flood in the City of Calgary, home to many oil sands and oil/gas industry head offices, would be understood by those well-to-do energy industry executives, living alongside the rivers, as evidence of climate change. Haney’s analysis of interviews with 40 such individuals assumes that it is a case of confirmation bias related to their livelihood or fear of change that these people continue to hold dissenting views on climate. This paper will expose the bias, flaws, and lack of research integrity in Haney (2022). Stirling, the author of this paper, acknowledges a direct connection to Friends of Science Society, referred to by Haney, though this is an independent work of hersstudy aimed to investigate the predictive factors of stress on parents of primary school students during the Covid-19 pandemic in Oman.A total of 384 parents of primary school children participated in this study. By using survey data technique and was analyzed by using quantitative research method. The results showed that there is a significant difference in the level of stress between employed and unemployed parents. In addition, the study found a significant difference in the stress level between parents with different educational levels. Based on the findings and analysis of the data obtained, COVID-19 has been determined to influence students’ learning negatively. It has created an unpleasant atmosphere for them in this area. It has been discovered that children and their parents are confronted with various problems and hurdles, in addition to a poor education level and parental stress as a result of a lack of resources at home.The study recommends that the government and educational institutions provide support to parents, especially those who are unemployed or have low levels of education
Faithful translation in novel ‘City of Fallen Angels’
Authors: Haerani Fahrunnisa
Published: July 2023

Background:  Many young people now are starting to like reading novels. On this occasion, this research will discuss the translation of novels from English to Indonesian. Novel is a long prose narrative that deals with human life. In this research, the authors focus on faithful translation found in English novels and translated into indonesian. Focused on analyzing how faithful translation is applied by translators in translating novels using Newmark's theory.
Purpose: This research aims to determine faithful translation in the novel City of Fallen Angels In the English-Indonesia Version.
Design and methods: The method of this research was a descriptive method, using a quantitative approach. The researcher read the novel in both English and Indonesian as part of the data collection process, and then examined the faithful translation.
Results: The results obtained from this research indicate that there are thirty data which are of the faithful translation type. Faithful translation based on these findings it can be concluded that translators maintain grammatical and lexical degrees when translating cultural terms. The translator tries to communicate in the target language according to the story events that occur. The faithful translation method emphasizes the source language, it means trying to produce the contextual meaning of the source language but still with the grammatical structure of the target text.
PERANAN KELUARGA, SEKOLAH DAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMBENTUKKAN KARAKTER ANAK DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Ida Mariana
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this research is to analyze the role of family, school and society in shaping children's character education which is very important and cannot be separated. In the family, it is the duty of parents to educate their children to be good children and have good manners and morals as well. This research method uses a qualitative approach to literature. The results of this study state that there are binding regulations in the sense of the word when there are residents who violate these rules, they will be given sanctions from traditional leaders in the community.
DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN PONSEL TERHADAP KOMUNIKASI REMAJA DENGAN ORANGTUA DI KELURAHAN TANJUNG KOTA BIMA
Authors: Jufan Prabu Pratama  , Muhammad Sauki  , Ariani Rosadi
Published: July 2023

Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses komunikasi interpersonal remaja dalam pengaruh ponsel di kelurahan Tanjung kota Bima. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jumlah informan 10 orang yang terdiri atas remaja dan orang tua. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara (interview), observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis data Miles dan Huberman yang terdiri dari reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan yang dilakukan dengan metode tringulasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Proses komunikasi interpersonal menggunakan model two way process communication dimana proses tersebut dilakukan saat orang tua sebagai komunikator menyampaikan pesan berupa informasi atau nasehat yang mendidik kepada anak, lalu anak sebagai komunikan menerima pesan tersebut, memprosesnya, hingga memaknai pesan, sehingga anak dapat memberikan respon secepatnya. Lalu, tujuan dari orang tua tersampaikan dan efek yang terlihat pada anak dapat timbul, seperti ada yang diam, patuh, cuek, hingga membentak. Hambatan yang terlihat pada saat berlangsungnya proses komunikasi orang tua dengan anak adalah hambatan personal, hambatan media, hambatan Bahasa dan symbol. Efek positif yang terjadi adalah saat sang anak telah berhasil memahami maksud orang tua untuk berhenti atau mengurangi pemakaian ponsel-nya terlebih dahulu, lalu melakukan tindakan sesuai yang diinginkan orang tua sebagai komunikator. Efek negatif yang timbul dalam diri komunikan setelah mereka selesai berkomunikasi dengan orang tua mereka adalah cenderung membalas perkataan orang tua kearah yang negatif atau bisa dikatakan membentak. Bentuk komunikasi yang dilakukan orang tua dengan remaja dalam pengaruh ponsel menggunakan komunikasi verbal dan nonverbal. Komunikasi verbal lebih dijumpai dalam bentuk perkataan. Lalu beberapa bentuk yang digunakan dalam komunikasi nonverbal antara orang tua dengan anak, yaitu Body Movement, Posture, and Gesture (gerakan tubuh); Eye Contact (kontak mata);  Facial Expressions (raut atau ekspresi wajah); dan Vocal Cues (intonasi suara).
Transition from Analog to Digital Imaging for Image Guided Surgeries
Authors: Banerjee Satyaki
Published: July 2023

C-arms and Cath-labs are sophisticated medical imaging equipment that finds extensive use in various operating room settings for image guided surgeries. Cath-labs are generally used for cardio-vascular procedures like angiography, angioplasty, and complex neurosurgeries. Mobile C-arms find usage in predominantly orthopaedic, urology, spine and general surgeries.
Research on the Cognitive Degree of Pre-service School Mathematics Teachers for Application Consciousness Literacy
Authors: Ma Xiaofan , Yang Zezhong
Published: July 2023

Currently, the application of consciousness literacy has been widely concerned by all walks of life. Many scholars have studied the cultivation of application consciousness literacy, but there is no research on the cognitive degree of pre-service school mathematics teachers on application consciousness literacy. In this study, 37 postgraduate students of education in a university were investigated, and the cognitive degree of their application consciousness literacy was investigated by open interview. After that, through data analysis, it can be found that: 1. Pre-service school mathematics teachers have a wide range of application consciousness literacy and recognize most of the content; 2. The overall cognitive depth is low, and the cognition is not deep; 3. The overall cognitive clarity is low, and only a few people have a clear understanding of individual points. Therefore, it is suggested that: 1. Application consciousness literacy courses should be added to mathematics education-related majors in colleges and universities to increase their attention; 2. Pre-service school mathematics teachers should have a comprehensive and profound understanding of the relevant content of application consciousness literacy.
Association of Established Primary Care Use With Postoperative Mortality Following Emergency General Surgery Procedures
Authors: Roberts Sanford E. , Rosen Claire B. , Keele Luke J. , Kaufman Elinore J. , Wirtalla Christopher J. , Finn Caitlin B. , Moneme Adora N. , Bewtra Meenakshi , Kelz Rachel R.
Published: July 2023

Importance

Sixty-five million individuals in the US live in primary care shortage areas with nearly one-third of Medicare patients in need of a primary care health care professional. Periodic health examinations and preventive care visits have demonstrated a benefit for surgical patients; however, the impact of primary care health care professional shortages on adverse outcomes from surgery is largely unknown.

Objective

To determine if preoperative primary care utilization is associated with postoperative mortality following an emergency general surgery (EGS) operation among Black and White older adults.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a retrospective cohort study that took place at US hospitals with an emergency department. Participants were Medicare patients aged 66 years or older who were admitted from the emergency department for an EGS condition between July 1, 2015, and June 30, 2018, and underwent an operation on hospital day 0, 1, or 2. The analysis was performed during December 2022. Patients were classified into 1 of 5 EGS condition categories based on principal diagnosis codes; colorectal, general abdominal, hepatopancreatobiliary, intestinal obstruction, or upper gastrointestinal. Mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression was used in the risk-adjusted models. An interaction term model was used to measure effect modification by race.

Exposure

Primary care utilization in the year prior to presentation for an EGS operation.

Main Outcome and Measures

In-hospital, 30-day, 60-day, 90-day, and 180-day mortality.

Results

A total of 102 384 patients (mean age, 73.8 [SD, 11.5] years) were included in the study. Of those, 8559 were Black (8.4%) and 93 825 were White (91.6%). A total of 88 340 patients (86.3%) had seen a primary care physician in the year prior to their index hospitalization. After risk adjustment, patients with primary care exposure had 19% lower odds of in-hospital mortality than patients without primary care exposure (odds ratio [OR], 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72-0.92). At 30 days patients with primary care exposure had 27% lower odds of mortality (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.67-0.80). This remained relatively stable at 60 days (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.69-0.81), 90 days (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.69-0.81), and 180 days (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.70-0.81). None of the interactions between race and primary care physician exposure for mortality at any time interval were significantly different.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this observational study of Black and White Medicare patients, primary care utilization had no impact on in-hospital mortality for Black patients, but was associated with decreased mortality for White patients. Primary care utilization was associated with decreased mortality for both Black and White patients at 30, 60, 90 and 180 days
Conversion‐Type Cathode Materials for Aqueous Zn Metal Batteries in Nonalkaline Aqueous Electrolytes: Progress, Challenges, and Solutions
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Dihua
Published: July 2023

Aqueous Zn metal batteries are attractive as safe and low‐cost energy storage systems. At present, due to the narrow window of the aqueous electrolyte and the strong reliance of the Zn2+ ion intercalated reaction on the host structure, the current intercalated cathode materials exhibit restricted energy densities. In contrast, cathode materials with conversion reactions can promise higher energy densities. Especially, the recently reported conversion‐type cathode materials that function in nonalkaline electrolytes have garnered increasing attention. This is because the use of nonalkaline electrolytes can prevent the occurrence of side reactions encountered in alkaline electrolytes and thereby enhance cycling stability. However, there is a lack of comprehensive review on the reaction mechanisms, progress, challenges, and solutions to these cathode materials. In this review, four kinds of conversion‐type cathode materials including MnO2, halogen materials (Br2 and I2), chalcogenide materials (O2, S, Se, and Te), and Cu‐based compounds (CuI, Cu2O, Cu2S, CuO, CuS, and CuSe) are reviewed. First, the reaction mechanisms and battery structures of these materials are introduced. Second, the fundamental problems and their corresponding solutions are discussed in detail in each material. Finally, future directions and efforts for the development of conversion‐type cathode materials for aqueous Zn batteries are proposed.
Quaternary Ammonium Salts: Catalysts for Hydrosilylation of Alkynes with Hydrosilanes
Authors: Andoh Hiroki , Nakamura Kosuke , Nakazawa Yusuke , Ikeda‐Fukazawa Tomoko , Okabayashi Satoki , Tsuchimoto Teruhisa
Published: July 2023

Mixing i‐PrI and DABCO in solvent EtCN gave two quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) quantitatively, one of which is monocationic (QAS‐1) and the other is dicationic (QAS‐2). These QASs were found to catalyze hydrosilylation of alkynes with hydrosilanes (HAH) without the aid of metal and metalloid catalysts. This organocatalysis can be applied to a variety of alkynes: terminal/internal aryl and alkyl alkynes with/without a functional group. With dihydrosilanes (H2Si), the HAH occurred with high E‐selectivity through syn addition, which was exclusively observed when using terminal alkyl alkynes, irrespective of a hydrosilane used. A scalable HAH is also feasible. The H−Si unit remaining in alkenylsilanes derived from H2Si is available for dehydrogenative alkynylation and N‐heteroarylation under zinc–pyridine catalysis. This synthetic application delivers unique silicon compounds that have, for instance, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups in a single molecule. Mechanistic studies suggested that alkynes activated by QASs irreversibly react with hydrosilanes that become more nucleophilic by the coordination of EtCN. A radical pathway is unlikely. The QAS catalysts can be recovered and reused at least 5 times.
Combination of direct boiling and glass beads increases the purity and accuracy of bacterial DNA extraction
Authors: Li Shuaishuai , Liu Xiaolei , Li Ziye , Liu Hong , Hu Dawei
Published: July 2023

Extraction of DNA is a key step in molecular biology experiments and important for counting tiny microbial individuals. Direct boiling and mechanical cell lysis like glass beads are two independent physical extraction methods, thus crossing the barriers of thresholds of magnitude in popular reagent kits or traditional spread plate method when non‐equilibrium phenomenon is ongoing. The two approaches above were combined to generate a new one. In three typical microbial species, direct boiling with glass beads significantly increased the purity of DNA solution compared with some other methods (p < 0.05). The qPCR results of them were closer to direct microscopy counting than some other methods. Therefore, it provides a new choice in extracting bacterial DNA for specific circumstances.
Isolation of Sphingomonas paucimobilis from an ocular infection and identification using ribosomal RNA gene: First case report from Iran
Authors: Zeynali Kelishomi Fatemeh , Mohammadi Faezeh , Khakpoor Mohaddeseh , Malekmohammadi Rasoul , Nikkhahi Farhad
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical Message

Sphingomonas paucimobilis can cause infection in healthy people. As this bacterium is slow‐growing, special attention should be paid to the timely diagnosis and control of its antibiotic resistance to prevent the spread of resistant strains.

This study reports a case of ocular infection caused by Sphingomonas paucimobilis and its treatment with various antibiotics. A middle‐aged woman with prolonged purulent eye discharge was admitted to an ophthalmology clinic in Qazvin, Iran. A strain of S. paucimobilis was isolated from the patient. The sample was identified by Sanger sequencing of the 16s rRNA gene, and an antibiogram test was performed to determine its resistance profile. The patient was treated with ceftazidime and levofloxacin eye drops. The bacterial culture was negative 18 days after starting ceftazidime and levofloxacin treatment. The antibiogram results showed that the isolated bacterium was resistant to aminoglycosides and colistin. This study highlights that S. paucimobilis can cause disease even in immunocompetent individuals. Due to the different resistance profiles of this bacterium, treatment should be based on antibiogram results.
Bimetallic Molecular Catalyst Design for Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Gotico Philipp , Halime Zakaria , Leibl Winfried , Aukauloo Ally
Published: July 2023

The core challenge in developing cost‐efficient catalysts for carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion mainly lies in controlling its complex reaction pathways. One such strategy exploits bimetallic cooperativity, which relies on the synergistic interaction between two metal centers to activate and convert the CO2 substrate. While this approach has seen an important trend in heterogeneous catalysis as a handle to control stabilities of surface intermediates, it has not often been utilized in molecular and heterogenized molecular catalytic systems. In this review, we gather general principles on how natural CO2 activating enzymes take advantage of bimetallic strategy and how phosphines, cyclams, polypyridyls, porphyrins, and cryptates‐based homo‐ and hetero‐bimetallic molecular catalysts can help understand the synergistic effect of two metal centers.
Rational Design of Vinylene‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Modulating Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Qin Na , Mao Aojie , Li Linqiang , Lin Chao , Zhai Lipeng , Liu Jing , Zou Junhua , Cui Cheng‐Xing , Mi Liwei
Published: July 2023

Vinylene‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted enormous attention for photocatalytic H2 evolution from water because of their fully conjugated structures, high chemical stabilities, and enhanced charge‐carrier mobilities. In this work, two novel vinylene‐linked COFs with tuned cyano contents were successfully synthesized and then employed as photocatalysts for H2 generation. Notably, the photocatalytic H2 production rate of the COF with the higher cyano content reached 73 μmol h−1 under visible light irradiation, which is 2.4 times higher than that with the lower content (30 μmol h−1). Both the experimental and computational results demonstrated that the rational design incorporating cyano groups into COF skeletons could precisely tune the corresponding energy levels, expand the visible‐light absorption, and improve the photoinduced charge separation. This work not only provides a simple method for modulating the photocatalytic activities of COFs at the molecular level, but also affords interesting insights into the relationship between their structures and photocatalytic performance.
The role of human activities in the weakening of the propagation relationship between meteorological and hydrological droughts in the Heihe River Basin
Authors: Yang Haoyu , Ma Feng , Yuan Xing
Published: July 2023

Meteorological droughts could propagate into hydrological droughts and cause agricultural and societal damage. However, the quantitative impact of human activities on the drought propagation has not been well understood. Based on the precipitation and streamflow observational data and hydrological model simulations during 1961–2013, this study analysed the drought propagation characteristics and quantified the impact of human activities on the propagation in the upper and middle reaches of Heihe River Basin. The matched meteorological and hydrological drought events indicated that the drought propagation was characterized by a lagged onset, weakened drought severity and reduced development and recovery speeds. In the upstream area, the correlations between meteorological and hydrological droughts were significant, and human activities had a negligible impact on the drought propagation. In contrast, the impact from human activities was significant in the midstream area, and the effect was two‐fold. Specifically, human activities (e.g., reservoir regulation) reduced the propagation probability of one or several meteorological droughts propagating into a hydrological drought by 16%. Meanwhile, human activities had remarkable effects on long‐lasting and extreme hydrological droughts through reducing their duration and severity by 18% and 37% respectively. On the other hand, the occurrence probability of mismatched drought events, that is, meteorological droughts without causing hydrological droughts and hydrological droughts without preceding meteorological droughts, increased by 34% due to human interventions. Human activities also accelerated the development speed of slowly developing hydrological droughts. In addition, human activities increased the mean duration and severity of moderate hydrological droughts by 32% and 18%. The results are expected to provide scientific bases for understanding the formation and development process of hydrological drought and improving drought forecasting under global change.
CRISPR/Cas9‐based double‐strand oligonucleotide insertion strategy corrects metabolic abnormalities in murine glycogen storage disease type‐Ia
Authors: Samanta Ananya , George Nelson , Arnaoutova Irina , Chen Hung‐Dar , Mansfield Brian C. , Hart Christopher , Carlo Troy , Chou Janice Y.
Published: July 2023

Glycogen storage disease type‐Ia (GSD‐Ia), characterized by impaired blood glucose homeostasis, is caused by a deficiency in glucose‐6‐phosphatase‐α (G6Pase‐α or G6PC). Using the G6pc‐R83C mouse model of GSD‐Ia, we explored a CRISPR/Cas9‐based double‐strand DNA oligonucleotide (dsODN) insertional strategy that uses the nonhomologous end‐joining repair mechanism to correct the pathogenic p.R83C variant in G6pc exon‐2. The strategy is based on the insertion of a short dsODN into G6pc exon‐2 to disrupt the native exon and to introduce an additional splice acceptor site and the correcting sequence. When transcribed and spliced, the edited gene would generate a wild‐type mRNA encoding the native G6Pase‐α protein. The editing reagents formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) were delivered to the liver. Mice were treated either with one dose of LNP‐dsODN at age 4 weeks or with two doses of LNP‐dsODN at age 2 and 4 weeks. The G6pc‐R83C mice receiving successful editing expressed ~4% of normal hepatic G6Pase‐α activity, maintained glucose homeostasis, lacked hypoglycemic seizures, and displayed normalized blood metabolite profile. The outcomes are consistent with preclinical studies supporting previous gene augmentation therapy which is currently in clinical trials. This editing strategy may offer the basis for a therapeutic approach with an earlier clinical intervention than gene augmentation, with the additional benefit of a potentially permanent correction of the GSD‐Ia phenotype.
Effect of selected agents for ochratoxin A biocontrol on the colour, texture and volatile profile of dry‐cured fermented sausages
Authors: Álvarez Micaela , Núñez Félix , Cebrián Eva , Roncero Elia , Andrade María Jesús
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Traditional dry‐cured fermented sausages favour the growth of an autochthonous microbial population, which plays an important role in their sensory aspects. However, some moulds can produce mycotoxins such as ochratoxin A (OTA). The biocontrol agents (BCAs) Debaryomyces hansenii FHSCC 253H and Staphylococcus xylosus FHSCC Sx8 have been demonstrated to reduce OTA production in dry‐cured meat products, but their influence in the sensory characteristics of sausages has to be tested. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of these BCAs on the colour, texture and volatile profile of dry‐cured fermented sausages.

RESULTS

D. hansenii caused few differences in the tested parameters with respect to the control batch. S. xylosus modified the texture and colour, although the values found were within the range expected for dry‐cured fermented sausages ‘salchichón’. Additionally, the volatile profile revealed the potential antioxidant effect of both BCAs and their ability to produce compounds associated with the ripened aroma that could increase product acceptability.

CONCLUSION

The results indicate that there were no inconveniences in implementing both BCAs during the processing of dry‐cured fermented sausages ‘salchichón’. Moreover, D. hansenii FHSCC 253H could improve the volatile profile of this product. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Does the intention to purchase cause‐related products compared to charity donations indicate higher morality?
Authors: Adomaviciute Karina , Urbonavicius Sigitas
Published: July 2023

The growing competition among charity organizations provides individuals with a wide selection of ways how to support specific social causes. Donations to charity and purchase of cause‐related products are two forms of pro‐social behaviors that receive the most attention from researchers and practitioners. Though their aim (to help others) and many characteristics of campaigns are similar, usually these behaviors and factors affecting them are studied separately, using different theoretical backgrounds. This paper aims to investigate these two behaviors together on the basis of identity theory and analyze how moral identity and moral emotions impact them. Based on a survey of 571 respondents, SEM analysis disclosed the positive impact of the moral identity dimension internalization on the intention to purchase cause‐related products (a private prosocial act), whereas the impact of the symbolization dimension on the intention to donate (a public prosocial act) was not revealed. The results also show that purchase intentions of a cause‐related product are influenced by empathy, while donation intentions are influenced by guilt. The results indicate that although both behaviors can be explained using the same theoretical background (identity theory), the factors triggering them vary. Additionally, this study proposes several implications for non‐profit organizations and cause‐related marketing campaigns on how to make charity advertisements more appealing and increase consumers' direct and indirect donations.
Boosting Material Utilization via Direct Growth of Zn2(V3O8)2 on the Carbon Cloth as a Cathode to Achieve a High‐Capacity Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery
Authors: Ren Jie , Ran Yan , Yang Zhi Chao , Zhao Huaping , Wang Yude , Lei Yong
Published: July 2023

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted the attention of researchers because of their high theoretical capacity and safety. Among the many vanadium‐based AZIB cathode materials, zinc vanadate is of great interest as a typical phase in the dis‐/charge process. Here, a remarkable method to improve the utilization rate of zinc vanadate cathode materials is reported. In situ growth of Zn2(V3O8)2 on carbon cloth (CC) as the cathode material (ZVO@CC) of AZIBs. Compared with the Zn2(V3O8)2 cathode material bonded on titanium foil (ZVO@Ti), the specific capacity increases from 300 to 420 mAh g−1, and the utilization rate of the material increases from 69.60% to 99.2%. After the flexible device is prepared, it shows the appropriate specific capacity (268.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) and high safety. The method proposed in this work improves the material utilization rate and enhances the energy density of AZIB and also has a certain reference for the other electrochemical energy storage devices.
A Generalization of Szep’s Conjecture for Almost Simple Groups
Authors: Gill Nick , Giudici Michael , Spiga Pablo
Published: July 2023

We prove a natural generalization of Szep’s conjecture. Given an almost simple group G with socle not isomorphic to an orthogonal group having Witt defect zero, we classify all possible group elements $$x,y\in G\setminus \{1\}$$

x
,
y
∈
G
\
{
1
}

with $$G=\textbf{N}_G(\langle x\rangle )\textbf{N}_G(\langle y\rangle )$$

G
=

N
G

(

⟨
x
⟩

)

N
G

(

⟨
y
⟩

)

, where we are denoting by $$\textbf{N}_G(\langle x\rangle )$$

N
G

(

⟨
x
⟩

)

and by $$\textbf{N}_G(\langle y\rangle )$$

N
G

(

⟨
y
⟩

)

the normalizers of the cyclic subgroups $$\langle x\rangle $$

⟨
x
⟩

and $$\langle y\rangle $$

⟨
y
⟩

. As a consequence of this result, we classify all possible group elements $$x,y\in G\setminus \{1\}$$

x
,
y
∈
G
\
{
1
}

with $$G=\textbf{C}_G(x)\textbf{C}_G(y)$$

G
=

C
G

(
x
)

C
G

(
y
)

.
Unterrichtliche Transformationsforschung – Formen bildsamer Erfahrung im schulischen Unterricht
Authors: Lipkina Julia , Yacek Douglas
Published: July 2023

Der Beitrag setzt sich kritisch mit jüngsten Versuchen, die pädagogischen und unterrichtlichen Implikationen eines transformatorischen Bildungsbegriffs auszuarbeiten auseinander und problematisiert die Annahme, dass bildsame, transformative Erfahrungen im Unterricht lediglich unter dem Vorzeichen von Krisen und Irritationen initiiert werden können. Vor dem Hintergrund der Kritik am Konzept transformatorischer Bildung und seiner didaktischen Anwendung stellt der Beitrag alternative Ansätze vor, die es erlauben, die transformativen Momente im Unterricht jenseits von Krisen und Irritationen diskutieren zu können. In den Blick kommen dabei drei alternative Genren bildsamer Erfahrung, welche in den letzten fünf Jahren einen zunehmenden Einfluss auf die internationale bildungstheoretische Debatte ausgeübt haben: Die Begriffe der Artikulation (Taylor), der Resonanz (Rosa) und der Aspiration (Callard) werden in diesem Zuge erläutert und anschließend auf ihre Vor- und Nachteile für einetransformationssensibleUnterrichtsforschung geprüft. Ziel ist die Entwicklung eines analytischen Vokabulars, um im Rahmen einer bildungstheoretisch fundierten Unterrichtsforschung transformative Wirkungen des Unterrichts empirisch in den Blick nehmen zu können. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die unterschiedliche Erfahrungsformen – trotz mannigfacher Schwerpunktsetzungen und philosophischer Grundlegungen – in eingegenseitiges Ergänzungsverhältnisgebracht werden können, das einen besonderen empirischen Zugang zur Rekonstruktion der transformativen Momente des Unterrichts ermöglichen kann.