bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Sufficiency of Scripture
Authors: Hathaway William L.
Published: February 2021

This article provides an introduction to the special issue on the sufficiency of Scripture. The special issue examines the biblicist approach to the sufficiency of Scripture and offers alternative understandings or examples of the how the sufficiency of Scripture relates to counseling. The introduction notes the issue includes contributions from integrationist, theological, Christian psychology, and Biblical counseling perspectives that share both a commitment to a high view of Biblical authority and an openness to resources for counseling offered by the contemporary mental health professions.
An Exercise for Conveying Equal Employment Opportunity Concepts for Industrial-Organizational Psychology Courses
Authors: Semanko Anna M. , Hinsz Verlin B.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Equal employment opportunity guidelines and concepts are important for increasing equity in the workplace. Given the large number of undergraduate students currently in or entering the workforce, it is critical to convey these concepts in a manner that increases student understanding of appropriate organizational behavior.

Objective:

We present and discuss an exercise and corresponding in-class discussion aimed at conveying equal employment opportunity concepts to undergraduate students.

Method:

An exercise was developed using vignettes based on cases that demonstrate key equal opportunity concepts. Student understanding of equal employment opportunity was assessed pre- and post-exercise.

Results:

Overall, the post-exercise measures suggested greater student understanding of equal employment opportunity concepts in comparison to their pre-exercise understanding.

Conclusion:

The exercise described herein is an impactful and effective means of engaging students in content related to equal employment opportunity.

Teaching Implications:

Instructors can use this active exercise in their courses to aid students in their understanding of equal employment opportunity concepts. As a result, students’ knowledge of equal employment opportunity may encourage them to combat and prevent occurrences of discrimination in the workplace.
Paul, the Praetorium and the Saints from Caesar’s Household: Philippians Revisited in Light of Migration Theory
Authors: Omerzu Heike
Published: February 2021

This article premises that Paul wrote the letter to the Philippians while he was detained in Ephesus, not Rome as has been the traditional view, and that the πραιτώριον mentioned in Phil. 1.13 is a topographical reference – that is, a reference to a Roman administrative building, not the Imperial Guard in Rome. This πραιτώριον is likely also the place where Paul met the members of ‘Caesar’s household’ mentioned in Phil. 4.22. Engaging with Michael Flexsenhar III’s recent study Christians in Caesar’s Household (2019a), I explore the social profile of this group of imperial slaves as well as Paul’s place as a social actor in the Eastern Mediterranean in light of recent trends in Migration Studies. Both Paul himself and also the members of the familia Caesaris to whom he refers embody typical features of migration such as interconnectedness, multiple belongings and super-diversity; these are shown to be important prerequisites for Paul’s conception of early Christian identity formation.
Salvage Eustachian Tube Cartilage Chip Insertion After Multiple Transnasal Shim Operations in Intractable Patulous Eustachian Tube
Authors: Lee Wei-Ting , Hsu Heng-Jui
Published: February 2021

This article presents 2 cases of extremely intractable patulous Eustachian tube following multiple transnasal shim insertion. These cases highlight the disadvantages of repeat transnasal shim operations, including enlargement of the Eustachian tube lumen, frequent dislocation, repeat surgery, recurrent middle ear infection, and shim misswallowing. The patients in these cases were successfully treated with Eustachian tube cartilage chip insertion through a postauricular approach. We describe the surgical technique and advantages of this promising management method.
Safe Removal of a Centipede From the Ear By Using an Innovative Practicable Method: A Case Report
Authors: Ding Meng-Chang , Tsai Yao-Te , Tsai Ming-Shao , Hsu Cheng-Ming , Chang Geng-He
Published: February 2021

Arthropods may become lodged inside the ear and cause considerable emotional and physical trauma. Cases of centipedes being lodged in the external auditory canal have rarely been reported. In this article, we present the case of woman who had a centipede lodged inside her right external auditory canal. Removal using a topical local anesthetic can lead to vigorous activity of the centipede, which can cause harm to the patient and clinicians. Therefore, we developed and successfully applied a practicable method that involved using a modified plastic bottle for safe centipede removal. In conclusion, centipedes can express distinct and threatening behavior, and clinicians should pay attention to the activity of the lodged centipede and possibly use the proposed method to safely remove it.
Not just for the money? An examination of the motives behind physicians’ sharing of paid health information
Authors: Yang Yulin , Zhu Xuekun , Song Ruidi , Zhang Xiaofei , Guo Feng
Published: February 2021

Online platforms make it possible for physicians to share online information with the public, however, few studies have explored the underlying mechanism of physicians’ sharing of paid health information. Drawing on motivation theory, this study developed a theoretical framework to explore the effects of extrinsic motivation, enjoyment, and professional motivation on the sharing of paid information, as well as the contingent role of income ratio (online to offline) and online reputation. The model was tested with both objective and subjective data, which contain responses from 298 physicians. The results show that extrinsic motivation, enjoyment, and professional motivation play significant roles in inducing physicians to share paid information. Furthermore, income ratio can moderate the effects of motives on paid information sharing. Besides, the effect of professional motivation can be more effective in certain situations (low-level income ratio or high online reputation). This study contributes to the literature on knowledge sharing, online health behaviour, and motivation theory, and provides implications for practitioners.
The Relation of Helicopter Parenting to Maladaptive Perfectionism in Emerging Adults
Authors: Hayes Katey N. , Turner Lisa A.
Published: February 2021

Helicopter parenting may contribute to the development of children’s maladaptive perfectionism. This relationship may be salient in emerging adulthood, a time characterized by decision-making and navigating novel situations. This cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the relation of helicopter parenting and maladaptive perfectionism. Emerging adult college students ( n = 264) completed measures of helicopter parenting and a measure of maladaptive perfectionism. Factor analysis of the helicopter parenting measures yielded two factors: the perceived parental behavior factor included items about parents intervening in the emerging adults’ lives and the affective response factor included items about how the emerging adults felt about the reported parental intervention. Findings supported a mediation model where parental behavior was related to maladaptive perfectionism through the construct of affective response. These findings document the importance of understanding behaviors associated with helicopter parenting as well as individual differences in how emerging adults interpret and respond to those behaviors.
Are oral rehydration solutions optimized for treating diarrhea?
Authors: Cheuvront Samuel N , Kenefick Robert W , Luque Laura , Mitchell Katherine M , Vidyasagar Sadasivan
Published: February 2021

Background:

A historical turning point occurred in the treatment of diarrhea when it was discovered that glucose could enhance intestinal sodium and water absorption. Adding glucose to salt water (oral rehydration solution, ORS) more efficiently replaced intestinal water and salt losses.

Aim:

Provide a novel hypothesis to explain why mainstream use of ORS has been strongly recommended, but weakly adopted.

Methods:

Traditional (absorptive) and novel (secretory) physiological functions of glucose in an ORS were reviewed.

Results:

Small amounts of glucose can stimulate both intestinal absorption and secretion. Glucose can exacerbate a net secretory state and may aggravate pathogen-induced diarrhea, particularly for pathogens that affect glucose transport.

Conclusion:

A hypothesis is made to explain why glucose-based ORS does not appreciably reduce diarrheal stool volume and why modern food science initiatives should focus on ORS formulations that replace water and electrolytes while also reducing stool volume and duration of diarrhea.
Laterality of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis after colectomy: A retrospective study using the national inpatient sample
Authors: Saraiva Ivan E , Kato Hirotaka
Published: February 2021

Background and aims

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is known to occur preferentially on the left lower extremity. The renowned surgeon Denis Burkitt advanced the theory that a heavy sigmoid colon would compress the left pelvic veins and predispose to DVT. Our study aimed to evaluate this hypothesis by comparing the laterality distributions with and without a prior colectomy.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of the 2016 National Inpatient Sample database by stratifying the patients at any age with acute DVT of lower extremity by history of prior colectomy, thereby eliminating local gut mechanical factors in the development of DVT. We compared the laterality distribution (i.e., left, right, bilateral, and unspecified) between the patients with and without a prior colectomy. We also conducted a subgroup analysis by the sex category to examine the difference in laterality distribution for male and female patients. Chi-square test for independence was used. P value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

We found an estimated total of 342,525 cases. Among patients without a prior colectomy, 136,605 (41.6%) were left-sided DVT versus 119,555 (36.4%) right-sided, with 55,555 bilateral and 16,865 unspecified. Among patients with a prior colectomy, 5,750 (41.2%) were left-sided, 5,000 (35.9%) were right-sided, 2,345 were bilateral and 850 were unspecified. The laterality distribution between the two groups was not significantly different ( p = .167). The left-side predominance disappeared only in males with a prior colectomy (37.1% for left vs. 38.9% for right, p = .027).

Conclusions

Our findings did not confirm the Burkitt’s hypothesis. The left-side predominance of lower extremity DVT was attenuated only in male patients with a prior colectomy.
The effect of foot orthoses on balance, foot function, and mobility in rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Gaino Juliana Zonzini , Bértolo Manoel Barros , Nunes Caroline Silva , Barbosa Cecília de Morais , Landim Síbila Floriano , Sachetto Zoraida , Magalhães Eduardo de Paiva
Published: February 2021

Objectives:

To compare balance, foot function and mobility in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with and without foot orthoses.

Design:

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

Outpatient rheumatology clinic.

Subjects:

A total of 94 subjects with rheumatoid arthritis were randomized; of these, 81 were included in the analyses (Intervention group: 40; Control group: 41).

Intervention:

The Intervention Group received custom-made foot orthoses while the Control Group received none intervention.

Main measure:

The “Foot Function Index,” the “Berg Balance Scale,” and the “Timed-up-and-go Test” were assessed at baseline an after four weeks. The chosen level of significance was P < 0.05.

Results:

Average (standard deviation) participant age was 56.7 (±10.6) years old and average disease duration (standard deviation) was 11.4 (± 7.2) years. Groups were similar at baseline, except for comorbidity index and race. After four weeks, significant interaction group versus time was observed for Foot Function Index (change: Intervention group: −1.23 ± 1.58; Control group: −0.12 ± 1.16 – P = 0.0012) and for Berg Balance Scale (change: Intervention group: 2 ± 3; Control group: 0 ± 3 – P = 0.0110), but not for the Timed-up-and-go Test (change: Intervention group: −1.34 ± 1.99; Control group: −0.84 ± 2.29 – P = 0.0799).

Conclusion:

Foot orthoses improved foot function and balance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
The effect of the Take Charge intervention on mood, motivation, activation and risk factor management: Analysis of secondary data from the Taking Charge after Stroke (TaCAS) trial
Authors: McNaughton Harry , Weatherall Mark , McPherson Kathryn , Fu Vivian , Taylor William J , McRae Anna , Thomson Tom , Gommans John , Green Geoff , Harwood Matire , Ranta Annemarei , Hanger Carl , Riley Judith
Published: February 2021

Objective:

To use secondary data from the Taking Charge after Stroke study to explore mechanisms for the positive effect of the Take Charge intervention on physical health, advanced activities of daily living and independence for people after acute stroke.

Design:

An open, parallel-group, randomised trial with two active and one control intervention and blinded outcome assessment.

Setting:

Community.

Participants:

Adults ( n = 400) discharged to community, non-institutional living following acute stroke.

Interventions:

One, two, or zero sessions of the Take Charge intervention, a self-directed rehabilitation intervention which helps a person with stroke take charge of their own recovery.

Measures:

Twelve months after stroke: Mood (Patient Health Questionnaire-2, Mental Component Summary of the Short Form 36); ‘ability to Take Charge’ using a novel measure, the Autonomy-Mastery-Purpose-Connectedness (AMP-C) score; activation (Patient Activation Measure); body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP) and medication adherence (Medication Adherence Questionnaire).

Results:

Follow-up was near-complete (388/390 (99.5%)) of survivors at 12 months. Mean age (SD) was 72.0 (12.5) years. There were no significant differences in mood, activation, ‘ability to Take Charge’, medication adherence, BMI or BP by randomised group at 12 months. There was a significant positive association between baseline AMP-C scores and 12-month outcome for control participants (1.73 (95%CI 0.90 to 2.56)) but not for the Take Charge groups combined (0.34 (95%CI −0.17 to 0.85)).

Conclusion:

The mechanism by which Take Charge is effective remains uncertain. However, our findings support a hypothesis that baseline variability in motivation, mastery and connectedness may be modified by the Take Charge intervention.
Personal and social factors that influence physical activity levels in community-dwelling stroke survivors: A systematic review of qualitative literature
Authors: Espernberger Karl R , Fini Natalie A , Peiris Casey L
Published: February 2021

Objectives:

To determine the personal and social factors perceived to influence physical activity levels in stroke survivors.

Data sources:

Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed and Embase) were searched from inception to November 2020, including reference and citation list searches.

Study selection:

The initial search yielded 1499 papers, with 14 included in the review. Included articles were peer-reviewed, qualitative studies, reporting on the perceived factors influencing physical activity levels of independently mobile community-dwelling adults, greater than 3 months post stroke.

Data extraction:

Data extracted included location, study aim, design, participant and recruitment information and how data were collected and analysed.

Data synthesis:

Thematic analysis was undertaken to identify meanings and patterns, generate codes and develop themes. Five main themes were identified: (i) Social networks are important influencers of physical activity; (ii) Participation in meaningful activities rather than ‘exercise’ is important; (iii) Self-efficacy promotes physical activity and physical activity enhances self-efficacy; (iv) Pre-stroke identity related to physical activity influences post-stroke physical activity; and (v) Formal programmes are important for those with low self-efficacy or a sedentary pre-stroke identity.

Conclusions:

Physical activity levels in stroke survivors are influenced by social activities and support, pre-stroke identity, self-efficacy levels and completion of activities that are meaningful to stroke survivors.
Cocaine-specific speed-accuracy trade-off during anti-saccade testing differentiates patients with cocaine use disorder who achieve initial abstinence during treatment
Authors: de Dios Constanza , Suchting Robert , Webber Heather E , Yoon Jin H , Yammine Luba , Vincent Jessica , Weaver Michael F , Stotts Angela L , Schmitz Joy M , Lane Scott D
Published: February 2021

Background:

The response time speed-accuracy trade-off (SATO) is an established index of information processing ability, but rarely examined as a variable in association with treatment of substance use disorder (SUD).

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to test baseline information-processing ability differences between individuals who respond to treatment for cocaine use disorder v. those who do not.

Methods:

Eighty patients enrolled in a clinical trial for cocaine use disorder completed a baseline drug-specific eye-tracking (anti-saccade) assessment prior to treatment, which included trials with both cocaine-related and neutral stimuli. SATO functions were computed for treatment responders v. non-responders.

Results:

Unexpectedly, responders demonstrated statistically different SATO functions, showing poorer accuracy when executing faster response times. This difference was present on trials that presented cocaine stimuli only.

Conclusions:

SATO during performance of an eye-movement task may be useful for predicting differential response to substance use disorder treatment. However, in the present study, results were specific to cocaine cues rather than an overall SATO performance decrement.
ErbB3 is a critical regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics in brain microvascular endothelial cells: Implications for vascular remodeling and blood brain barrier modulation
Authors: Wu Limin , Islam Mohammad R , Lee Janice , Takase Hajime , Guo Shuzhen , Andrews Allison M , Buzhdygan Tetyana P , Mathew Justin , Li Wenlu , Arai Ken , Lo Eng H , Ramirez Servio H , Lok Josephine
Published: February 2021

Neuregulin (NRG)1 - ErbB receptor signaling has been shown to play an important role in the biological function of peripheral microvascular endothelial cells. However, little is known about how NRG1/ErbB signaling impacts brain endothelial function and blood-brain barrier (BBB) properties. NRG1/ErbB pathways are affected by brain injury; when brain trauma was induced in mice in a controlled cortical impact model, endothelial ErbB3 gene expression was reduced to a greater extent than that of other NRG1 receptors. This finding suggests that ErbB3-mediated processes may be significantly compromised after injury, and that an understanding of ErbB3 function would be important in the of study of endothelial biology in the healthy and injured brain. Towards this goal, cultured brain microvascular endothelial cells were transfected with siRNA to ErbB3, resulting in alterations in F-actin organization and microtubule assembly, cell morphology, migration and angiogenic processes. Importantly, a significant increase in barrier permeability was observed when ErbB3 was downregulated, suggesting ErbB3 involvement in BBB regulation. Overall, these results indicate that neuregulin-1/ErbB3 signaling is intricately connected with the cytoskeletal processes of the brain endothelium and contributes to morphological and angiogenic changes as well as to BBB integrity.
Symptoms, disc position, occluding pairs, and facial skeletal characteristics of older patients with temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Zhao Xiaokai , Xiong Xin , Sun Wei , Shu Chang , Gu Jinning , Liu Yang
Published: February 2021

Objective

To describe the proportions of different osseous diagnoses in older patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and to analyze the symptoms, disc position, occluding pairs, and facial skeletal characteristics of patients with bilateral osteoarthrosis (BOA) and bilateral normal joints (BNJ).

Methods

This retrospective cross-sectional study constituted 88 older patients (age ≥60 years). The osseous diagnosis, symptoms, disc position, occluding pairs, and facial skeletal characteristics were evaluated. Variables in BOA patients and BNJ patients were compared using the t-test and chi-square test.

Results

Forty-eight patients had BOA, 7 had unilateral osteoarthrosis, 11 had intermediate osteoarthrosis, and 22 had BNJ. The prevalence of disc displacement without reduction (DDw/oR) in BOA patients was significantly higher than in BNJ patients. BOA patients exhibited greater ANB angle, PP-MP, U1-NPo, L1-NPo, and facial convexity angle; shorter posterior cranial base; and decreased ramus height.

Conclusion

BOA patients with associated DDw/oR had more complaints of orofacial pain and exhibited a shorter posterior cranial base, and greater mandibular retrusion, anterior tooth protrusion, and protruded profile than BNJ patients.
The ecobiopolitics of environmental mitigation: Remaking fish habitat through the Savannah Harbor Expansion Project
Authors: Carse Ashley
Published: February 2021

Environmental mitigation has become a catch-all term for efforts to avoid, minimize or compensate for the adverse impacts of development. Through an analysis of the expensive and complex plan developed to mitigate the anticipated impacts of deepening Savannah Harbor, I develop an ecobiopolitical approach to mitigation. Environmental mitigation is triage, involving difficult choices about which entities are worthy of concern and, thus, candidates for intervention – and, by extension, which are not. It involves decisions about which among the chosen deserve strict protection and which merit looser forms of care. As these processes move to center stage in twenty-first-century governance and politics, it has become important to understand what kinds of environments mitigation generates. What survives? What dies? What flourishes? This article focuses on initiatives designed to maintain minimally suitable conditions for non-human life. Insomuch as the object of habitat mitigation is the animal milieu, rather than the body or population, it can be understood as a form of ecobiopolitics. By contrasting the projected fates of three fish in the post-mitigation ecology of the Savannah River, I argue that the ecobiopolitics of habitat mitigation can be conceptualized at four registers. The first, comparity, highlights the value-laden processes through which some entities become candidates for mitigation and others do not. The second, hierarchy, underscores how candidates for mitigation are ranked in ways that shape the interventions pursued. The third, nonfungibility, foregrounds how problems of commensuration are negotiated in mitigation practice. The fourth, overflow, emphasizes how mitigation aimed at one entity can lead to other ecological changes.
Capability of the variogram to quantify the spatial patterns of surface fluxes and soil moisture simulated by land surface models
Authors: Garrigues S , Verhoef A , Blyth E , Wright A , Balan-Sarojini B , Robinson EL , Dadson S , Boone A , Boussetta S , Balsamo G
Published: February 2021

Up to now, relatively little effort has been dedicated to the quantitative assessment of the differences in spatial patterns of model outputs. In this paper, we employed a variogram-based methodology to quantify the differences in the spatial patterns of root-zone soil moisture, net radiation, and latent and sensible heat fluxes simulated by three land surface models (SURFEX/ISBA, JULES and CHTESSEL) over three European geographic domains – namely, UK, France and Spain. The model output spatial patterns were quantified through two metrics derived from the variogram: i) the variogram sill, which quantifies the degree of spatial variability of the data; and ii) the variogram integral range, which represents the spatial length scale of the data. The higher seasonal variation of the spatial variability of sensible and latent heat fluxes over France and Spain, compared to the UK, is related to a more frequent occurrence of a soil-moisture-limited evapotranspiration regime during summer dry spells in the south of France and Spain. The small differences in spatial variability of net radiation between models indicate that the spatial patterns of net radiation are mostly driven by the climate forcing data set. However, the models exhibit larger differences in latent and sensible heat flux spatial variabilities, which are related to their differences in i) soil and vegetation ancillary datasets and ii) physical process representation. The highest discrepancies in spatial patterns between models are observed for soil moisture, which is mainly related to the type of soil hydraulic function implemented in the models. This work demonstrates the capability of the variogram to enhance our understanding of the spatiotemporal structure of the uncertainties in land surface model outputs. Therefore, we strongly encourage the implementation of the variogram metrics in model intercomparison exercises.
LCA and LCC of dried and shredded food waste as an alternative fuel for the cement industry
Authors: Mathioudakis Dimitrios , Karageorgis Panagiotis , Papadopoulou Konstantina , Lyberatos Gerasimos
Published: February 2021

The scope of this paper is to examine the environmental and economic performance of an alternative household fermentable waste (HFW) management paradigm, developed within the framework of the HORIZON 2020 project Waste4think. In Greece, the business-as-usual scheme for the management of HFW is its disposal in landfills as part of mixed waste. Waste4think developed an alternative approach based on the benefits of source separation. Specifically, source separated HFW is taken to a drying/shredding plant, located in the municipality, for the production of a high-quality biomass product called FORBI. Alternative approaches have been examined for the exploitation of FORBI. In this work, the use of FORBI as an alternative fuel for the cement industry is assessed using life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) tools. The results show that the proposed HFW management framework performs better than the baseline scenario both in economic and environmental terms. However, focus should be given to the optimisation of the drying/shredding process in order to reduce its energy intensity and environmental loadings.
Efficacy of a Second-Grade Science Program: Increasing Science Outcomes for All Students
Authors: Doabler Christian T. , Therrien William J. , Longhi Maria A. , Roberts Greg , Hess Katherine E. , Maddox Steven A. , Uy Jasmine , Lovette Gail E. , Fall Anna-Maria , Kimmel Georgia L. , Benson Sarah , VanUitert Victoria J. , Emily Wilson Sarah , Powell Sarah R. , Sampson Victor , Toprac Paul
Published: February 2021

This study, which was reviewed through the Registered Report process, examined the initial efficacy of the Scientific Explorers program (Sci2) on second-grade students’ science achievement. Sci2 is grounded in the growing body of empirical research on science instruction, embedding principles of explicit instruction within a guided inquiry-based design framework. Eighteen second-grade classrooms were randomly assigned to treatment or control conditions. A cluster randomized controlled trial was employed, with 294 students nested within classrooms and classrooms nested within condition. The Sci2 program was implemented for a total of 10 lessons (5 hr) in treatment classrooms, whereas control classrooms provided business-as-usual science instruction. Overall treatment effects were observed on three of four science outcome measures. The reported effects were moderate to large, with effect sizes (Hedges’ g) ranging from 0.48 to 0.94. Moderation analyses indicated that science knowledge at pretest did not moderate Sci2’s effects. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Cooperation between universities and SMEs: A systematic literature review
Authors: Pereira Rosivalda , Franco Mário
Published: February 2021

This study aims to present the relationship between universities and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) through a systematic literature review. SMEs play an important role in economic development. Similarly, universities are important actors in the innovation system. To fulfil the study objective, data were collected from the Scopus database. The bibliometric results found, using bibliometrix software, reveal that this topic first appeared in the literature in 1995 and entered a growth stage in 2014. Systematically, studies have focused mostly on European countries and the emphasis in cooperation is on knowledge transfer. In addition, the results show that SMEs form cooperative relationships with universities in search of competitive results. However, the main difficulty with regard to the establishment of such relationships is a lack of knowledge in SMEs about university programmes that can support them and about how to access such programmes. Therefore, it is suggested that universities should establish more effective communication channels in order to reach this type of firm.
A transparent and intumescent phosphaphenanthrene/phenylpyrazole-containing epoxy resin system and its flame retardancy
Authors: Luo Zijin , Chen Zhe , Wei Jun , Wang Dongchao , Chen Han , Chen Rui
Published: February 2021

A novel intumescent flame retardant, PPMD, was designed from phosphaphenanthrene and nitrogen heterocycles through the two-step gut reactions of 1,4-phthalaldehyde and 3-methyl-1-phe-nylpyrazol-5-ylamine. After determination of its structure by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared analyses, PPMD was added to an epoxy resin (EP) to facilitate a curing process. Thus, EP/PPMD samples with excellent transparency and flame retardancy were acquired. For example, the EP sample satisfied the UL-94 V-0 standard and achieved a limiting oxygen index value of 30.5% because of the incorporation of 5 wt% PPMD. The cone calorimeter test of the EP/5% PPMD sample revealed that its total smoke production (TSP) and total heat release (THR) values of EP/5% PPMD was only 22.5% and 56.4% of the control group, respectively. Moreover, the average effective heat of combustion (av-EHC) value of EP/5% PPMD was reduced by 34.1%, indicating that PPMD possessed high flame-inhibition activity and smoke suppression efficiency. The flame-retardant mechanisms of PPMD were also investigated in gas phase by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and in condensed phase by XPS and IR.
Front steering design guidelines formulation for e-scooters considering the influence of sitting and standing riders on self-stability and safety performance
Authors: Paudel Milan , Fah Yap Fook
Published: February 2021

E-scooters are a recent trend and are viewed as a sustainable solution to ease the first and last mile problem in modern transportation. However, an alarming rate of accidents, injuries, and fatalities have caused a significant setback for e-scooters. Many preventive measures and legislation have been put on the e-scooters, but the number of accidents and injuries has not reduced considerably. In this paper, the current design approach of e-scooters has been analyzed, and the most common range of design parameters have been identified. Thereafter, validated mathematical models have been used to quantify the performance of e-scooters and relate them with the safety aspects. Both standing and seated riders on e-scooters have been considered, and their influence on the dynamic performance has been analyzed and compared with the standard 26-in wheel reference safety bicycle. With more than 80% of the accidents and injuries occurring from falling or colliding with obstacles, this paper tries to correlate the dynamics of uncontrolled single-track vehicles with the safety performance of e-scooters. The self-stability, handling, and braking effect have been considered as major performance matrices. The analysis has shown that the current e-scooter designs are not as stable as the reference safety bicycle. Moreover, these e-scooters have been found unstable within the most common range of legislated riding velocity. The results corroborate with the general perception that the current designs of e-scooters are less stable, easy to lose control, twitchy, or wobbly to ride. Furthermore, the standing posture of the rider on the e-scooter has been found dangerous while braking to avoid any disturbances such as potholes or obstacles. Finally, the front steering design guidelines have been proposed to help modify the current design of e-scooters to improve the dynamic performance, hence the safety of the e-scooter riders and the surroundings.
Cell membrane enveloped polymeric nanosponge for detoxification of chlorpyrifos poison: In vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Altaf S , Muhammad F , Aslam B , Faisal MN
Published: February 2021

Organophosphates are highly toxic compounds as they are involved in irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, causing various neurotoxic effects via acetylcholine accumulation throughout the nervous system. Traditional treatments for organophosphate poisoning are not effective enough to overcome all the toxic effects. There is a need for alternate treatment of life threatening poisoning of organophosphates. For this purpose a biomimetic nanosponge of poly (lactic- co-glycolic acid) is prepared, characterized and analysed as an antidote for organophosphate poisoning. In this nanosponge red blood cell membranes are used for coating poly lactic co-glycolic acid nanoparticles. In vitro studies are conducted to investigate the retention of acetylcholinesterase activity on the prepared nanosponge as well as to assess the scavenging ability of prepared nanosponge for model organophosphate, chlorpyrifos. In vivo studies are conducted to evaluate the detoxification potential of nanosponge in rabbit model, poisoned with chlorpyrifos. Hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity of nanosponge/chlorpyrifos complex is also studied in survived rabbits and the data is analysed statistically.
Diaphragmatic rupture and massive pneumoperitoneum after cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Lee Hyeong Seok , Sung Won Young
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Although cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an emergency life‐saving procedure, the intervention itself can cause major and often fatal injuries, with diaphragmatic rupture being very rare. This report describes a patient who experienced bilateral pneumothoraces, left diaphragmatic rupture, and pneumoperitoneum after extended cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Case presentation:

A 90‐year‐old woman experienced a cardiac arrest. Spontaneous circulation was restored after 49 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed by a bystander, emergency medical service providers, and emergency department staff. Imaging showed bilateral pneumothoraces, left diaphragmatic rupture, and massive pneumoperitoneum. The patient's guardian refused to permit surgery for the diaphragmatic rupture, and the patient died despite chest and abdominal decompression and post‐cardiac arrest care.

Discussion and conclusion:

Procedures to restore spontaneous circulation in patients experiencing cardiac arrest may result in fatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation–related injuries. Clinicians providing post‐cardiac arrest care should plan management for these iatrogenic injuries.
Narrating the Immigrant Experience: Three Adult Educators’ Perspectives
Authors: Gnanadass Edith , Murray-Johnson Kayon , Alicia Vetter María
Published: February 2021

In this collaborative autoethnography, three immigrant adult education scholars examine diverse ways in which their experiences with racialization as immigrants in the United States have informed their scholarship and practice. The three authors originate from different parts of the world and use different theoretical frameworks—critical literary studies; critical theory; and postcolonial and Critical Race Theory, respectively—to complicate the immigrant Self and story. They argue that the use of autoethnography in adult education has the potential to illuminate issues of class, race, gender, and nationality to disrupt the typical immigrant narrative and allow for the advent of new immigrant stories and Subjects. Each narrative is unique; however, they do share the following commonalities: Critique of the postcolonial condition and the colonization of the Subject and culture; complicating the Black–White binary paradigm of race; centering anti-racist praxis; and suggestions for decolonizing the Self and adult education. The authors engage in this anti-racist work in solidarity with the Black Lives Matter movement, in an effort to dismantle systemic inequities and give voice to the subaltern. Patterns arising from their examination of these issues reveal new questions adult educators could consider as we teach, learn with, and from immigrant adult learners, whose cultural-historical contexts remain multi-layered and complex, rather than linear.
The Potential of Personalized Virtual Reality in Palliative Care: A Feasibility Trial
Authors: Perna, MSc, MSW Letizia , Lund Sam , White Nicola , Minton Ollie
Published: February 2021

Background:

Virtual Reality can help alleviate symptoms in a non-palliative care population. Personalized therapy can further alleviate these symptoms. There is little evidence in a palliative care population.

Aim:

To understand the feasibility of repeated personalized virtual reality sessions in a palliative care population.

Design:

A feasibility randomized control trial. Intervention: personalized virtual reality, Control: non-personalized virtual reality. All participants completed a 4-minute virtual reality session for 4 weeks. At each point, the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-Revised (scored 0 = none up to 100 = worst) was completed pre- and post- each session. A time-series regression analysis was completed for the overall effect.

Setting/Participants:

The research took place in one hospice. The main inclusion criteria was: (1) under the care of the hospice (2) advanced disease (3) over 18 years (4) physically able to use virtual reality set (5) capacity (6) proficient English.

Results:

Twenty-six participants enrolled, of which 20 (77%) completed all sessions. At baseline, the intervention group had a mean pre- score of 26.3 (SD 15.1) which reduced to 11.5 (SD 12.6) after the first session. At the same time point, the control group had a mean pre- score of 37.9 (SD 21.6) which reduced to 25.5 (SD 17.4) post-session. The mean scores dropped following each session, however this was not significant (mean difference = −1.3, 95% CI: −6.4 to 3.7, p = 0.601).

Conclusions:

It is feasible to complete repeated virtual reality sessions within a palliative care population. Future research should explore the structure and effectiveness of virtual reality in a fully powered trial.
Administration of Single-Dose Antibiotic Does Not Decrease Oronasal Fistula Rates After Primary Palatoplasty
Authors: Mamidi Ishwarya Shradha , Mantilla-Rivas Esperanza , Ichiuji Brynne A. , Rana Md Sohel , Ramirez Karen I. , Stein Jason R. , Aivaz Marudeen , Manrique Monica , McGrath Jennifer , Rogers Gary F. , Oh Albert K.
Published: February 2021

Objective:

Oronasal fistula (ONF) is a known complication after primary palatoplasty (PP). Studies investigating the effect of perioperative antibiotics on fistula rates after PP are limited by inadequate sample size or reliance on self-reporting through national databases. In this study, the authors evaluated the association between single-dose perioperative antibiotics and postoperative fistula rates after PP at a single institution.

Design:

A retrospective study.

Participants:

Children younger than 2 years who underwent PP from April 2009 to September 2019 were included.

Interventions:

Patients were divided into 2 categories: Group 1 received a single intraoperative dose of IV antibiotic, while group 2 did not.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Outcome measures included ONF formation, length of stay (LOS), and 30-day readmission rates. Multivariable firth logistic regression, quantile regression, and χ2 tests were performed.

Results:

Of the 424 patients, 215 and 209 patients were in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The overall ONF rate was 1.9% among all patients. Patients in group 1 experienced an ONF rate of 3.3%, while patients in group 2 had an ONF rate of 0.5%. After correcting for confounding variables, the difference in ONF rates was not statistically different ( P = .68). Median LOS was 35.7 hours and 35.5 hours ( P = .17), while the rate of readmission within 30 days was 4.7% and 2.4% for group 1 and 2, respectively ( P = .96).

Conclusions:

Administration of a single-dose perioperative antibiotic did not decrease fistula formation after PP, nor did it affect the patient’s LOS or 30-day readmission rate.
Parenting Children With a Cleft Lip With or Without Palate or a Visible Infantile Hemangioma: A Cross-Sectional Study of Distress and Parenting Stress
Authors: van Dalen M. , Leemreis W.H. , Kraaij V. , De Laat P.C.J. , Pasmans S.G.M.A. , Versnel S.L. , Koudstaal M.J. , Hillegers M.H.J. , Utens E.M.W.J. , Okkerse J.M.E.
Published: February 2021

Objective:

Parents of children with a medical condition and a visible difference can experience challenging situations. We evaluated distress and parenting stress in parents of children with a cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) or a visible infantile hemangioma (IH).

Setting:

This cross-sectional study took place in an academic medical hospital in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Participants:

Three-hundred nine parents (mean age = 40.30, 56.00% mothers) of children with CL±P and 91 parents (mean age = 36.40, 58.24% mothers) of children with IH.

Main Outcome Measures:

The Dutch version of the Parenting Stress Index – Short Form and the subscales Anxiety, Depression, and Hostility of the Symptom Checklist – 90.

Results:

One sample t tests and mixed linear modeling were used. On average, parents of children with CL±P and of children with IH showed significantly lower parenting stress compared to normative data. Anxiety was significantly lower in parents of children with CL±P than that in the norm group. Visibility of the condition was not related to distress or parenting stress. Child behavioral problems were positively related to parenting stress, depression, and hostility.

Conclusions:

Parents of children with CL±P and IH report less distress and parenting stress compared to the norm. On average, these parents seem well adjusted. A practical implication is to monitor parents of children with behavioral problems.
“The Rise of the Phoenix”: Empowering Learners to Create Their Own Learning Cultures and Transform Their School
Authors: McCallister Cynthia
Published: February 2021

An account of a persistently failing New York City high school’s rapid transformation. Urban Assembly School for Green Careers had a 39% graduation rate in 2013 and ranked in the bottom 1% of high schools citywide. As a transformation strategy, the school employed an innovative educational design known as Learning Cultures, which distributes responsibility for learning to learners. After the first year of implementation the graduation rate rose by 11%. After two years of implementation the school received a “well developed” rating on its external quality review. After 4 years the graduation rate doubled. This report describes the school design and provides an account of educational outcomes.
Factor Structure, Measurement Invariance, and Concurrent Validity of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire Across Development, Psychopathology, and Culture
Authors: Liu Kevin , Nijmeh Joseph S. , Warren Stacie L.
Published: February 2021

The Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) is a widely used assessment of excessive worry. American undergraduate samples have predominately been used to evaluate its factor structure, which may not generalize to other developmental, cultural, and psychopathology populations. The present study tested the PSWQ’s factor structure across three diverse samples: American undergraduate students ( n = 3,243), Dutch high school students ( n = 3,906), and American adults with psychopathology ( n = 384). Exploratory, confirmatory, and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Measurement invariance and concurrent validity were also tested. Method-factor and two-factor models were largely equivalent and superior to a one-factor model. Invariance tests supported configural and metric invariance but only partial scalar invariance. Positively worded items but not negatively worded items demonstrated concurrent validity with anxiety and depression symptom measures and diagnoses. Overall, the PSWQ appears to measure a unitary construct. Present results warrant further testing of the PSWQ across diverse samples.
Heart Matters: Cardiac Dysfunction and Other Autonomic Changes in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Gonçalves Valeria C. , Cuenca-Bermejo Lorena , Fernandez-Villalba Emiliano , Martin-Balbuena Sebastian , da Silva Fernandes Maria Jose , Scorza Carla A. , Herrero Maria-Trinidad
Published: February 2021

It has been more than 200 years since James Parkinson made the first descriptions of the disease that bears his name. Since then, knowledge about Parkinson’s disease has been improved, and its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatments are well described in the scientific and medical literature. However, there is no way to prevent the disease from its progressive nature yet and only its symptoms can be minimized. It is known that the process of neurodegeneration begins before the onset of motor signs and symptoms of the disease, when diagnosis is usually made. Therefore, recognizing manifested non-motor symptoms can make an early diagnosis possible and lead to a better understanding of the disease. Autonomic dysfunctions are important non-motor manifestations of Parkinson’s disease and affect the majority of patients. Importantly, heart failure is the third leading cause of death in people suffering from Parkinson’s disease. Several evidences have shown the correlation between Parkinson’s disease and the preexistence of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, cardiovascular monitoring and identification of its dysfunctions can have a prodromal role for Parkinson’s disease. This review presents studies of the literature that can lead to a better understanding of Parkinson’s disease with special attention to its relation to heart and cardiovascular parameters.