bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Typology of metro structures for the tasks of geotechnical risk classification
Authors: Potapova E. V.
Published: April 2021

Risk management is an important part of a modern enterprise activity. Currently, risk management should be included in the overall quality management system of a construction organization. Geotechnical construction, for instance, construction of metro, should also be carried out taking into account possible risks. Metro construction is connected with a number of uncertainties related to enclosing rock mass conditions, and specific geotechnical risks, which can lead to materialization of hazards with various consequences. Predicting possible hazards at all stages of a metro structure life cycle requires the ability to manage risks. The effectiveness of risk management requires detailed risk identification, which precedes the stage of determining the probability of risk (the risk assessment stage). To identify an object, it is required to determine its composition, properties, physical origin. The method of such risk cognition with division into groups through determining the essential features (grounds) is classification. To date, different classifications of risks in construction activity have been developed. The paper discusses various approaches to the classification of risks in underground construction, analyzes the feasibility of adapting these classifications to the analysis of geotechnical risks in the construction of metro facilities. The principles of classification of geotechnical risks were proposed. The typology of metro structures has been substantiated as the basis for the classification of geotechnical risks in the construction of metro facilities. The results of the development of a general form for classification of geotechnical risks during a metro construction have been presented.
Bilateral tension pneumothorax during endoscopic submucosal dissection under general anesthesia diagnosed by point-of-care ultrasound - A case report -
Authors: Oh Seok Kyeong , Cho Seung Inn , Won Young Ju , Yun Jin Hee
Published: April 2021

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection has become popular. However, this can cause serious complications. In this case, esophageal perforation caused bilateral tension pneumothorax.Case: A 60-year-old man with esophageal adenoma underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection under general anesthesia. The peak airway pressure was 25 cmH2O after induction but abruptly increased to 40 cmH2O after 30 min. Respiratory sounds were barely heard. The lack of lung sliding in either (right-dominant) lung on ultrasound. Within minutes, oxygen saturation and systolic blood pressure decreased to 52% and 70 mmHg. Emergent needle thoracostomy, followed by chest tube insertion, was performed on right chest and his vital signs stabilized. Upon transfer to intensive care unit, oxygen saturation and blood pressure decreased again; therefore, a left chest tube was inserted. Conclusions: Pneumothorax due to esophageal perforation can lead to life-threatening tension pneumothorax. Anesthesiologists should be aware of the risks and emergency treatment. Ultrasound can be useful for immediate bedside patient-care decisions.
Tensile and transverse strength of novel copolymers for denture base
Authors:   Prosthodontics Department, Dentistry College, Mosul University, Iraq., Al-Ali SettingsAhmed Asim Saeed , Al-Noori Ammar k. ,   Prosthodontics Department, Dentistry College, Mosul University, Iraq., Taqa Amer A. ,   Basic Science Department, Dentistry College, Mosul University, Iraq.
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Compare tensile and transverse strength of new copolymers for denture base. Materials and methods: The specimens were prepared from heat cured acrylic resin with three types of additives: Acryester B, Ethoxycarbonylethylene, and Propenoic acid at a percentage of 5% and 10%. The tensile and transverse strains were tested, recorded and compared. Results: The analysis of variance display statistically significant difference. The p-value was 0.001 for each of tensile and transverse strain tests. Conclusions: The tensile strength of the novel copolymers increased. The transverse strength of some of the novel copolymers increased.
Evaluation of the effect of coating Vertex denture lining ma terial with plant oils on microbial growth and hardness
Authors:   Prosthetic Dept. College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Iraq., Ali Hala Khuder , Mustafa Eman Aziz ,   Dept of Dental Basic Sciences, Dentistry College, Mosul University, Iraq., Shehab Marwah Marwan ,   Prosthetic Dept. College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Iraq.
Published: April 2021

Aims: To evaluate the effect of surface coating with natural plant oils (Salvia officinalis, ginger and eucalyptus) on Candida growth and the hardness of Vertex denture lining material. Materials and method: Forty five specimens were prepared from soft acrylic lining material, twenty five of which were 10x10x2mm in size for testing antifungal activity, and twenty samples were 20mm in diameter and 12mm in thickness, for testing shore A hardness after coating samples with three types of natural oils (Salvia officinalis, ginger and eucalyptus oils). Significant differences among the groups at (p≤0.05) level of significance were determined statistically with one way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test Result: Antifungal assay showed a significant difference between five groups regarding Candida albicans growth (p≤ 0.05). For the hardness test, comparing different times of storage in water (1, 7, 14, 30 days) revealed a significant difference within all groups (p≤0. 05). While comparing the groups coated with natural oils with the control group, significant differences were found between different times of storage in water (1, 7, 30 day) (p≤0.05), except at 14 days of water storage there was no significant difference between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: All tested natural oils were effective as fungicidal agents and increased the softness and duration of soft acrylic lining material.
COVID-19: When recovery does not mean a return to health
Authors: Wood Neil H
Published: April 2021

The number of COVID-19 cases in South Africa is steadily increasing. The reports and daily updates we receive from the National Department of Health and from the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) reflect the daily numbers of new cases, of deaths, and the number of recoveries.

It is the latter category that is more ominous than the label implies. What does it mean when "recoveries" are reported? Those cases that have not demised as a direct result of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and whom have surpassed the number of days to be considered free from SARS-CoV-2 infection, are listed as having recovered from COVID-19.
In the face of COVID-19, SADA continues to deliver to its members
Authors: Makhubele KC
Published: April 2021

SADA is proud to be amongst the small elite group of professional associations representing healthcare practitioners, fully recognised worldwide. Recently we held both the SADA Annual General and National Council Meeting virtually through a meetings electronic platform - Zoom.
COVID-19 Enfeksiyonu ile Komplike Gebe Hastalarda Maternal ve Neonatal Sonuçların Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KILINÇDEMİR Ümran , BAYHAN Gökhan
Published: April 2021

Özet

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı; gebelik sırasında maternal Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) enfeksiyonunun anne sağlığı üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi ve neonatal sonuçlar üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesidir.

Gereç- yöntem: Bu çalışmada, 1 Şubat 2020- 1 mart 2021 tarihleri arasında yayınlanmış makalelerin, Pubmed ve Google Scholar üzerinden kapsamlı bir literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler ‘COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, pregnancy, maternal complications, fetal complications, maternal mortality, fetal mortality’ şeklinde olup ingilizce dil kısıtlaması yapılmıştır. Bu kriterlere uygun 8 çalışma dahil edilmiştir. Toplam 724 nazal sürüntü örneğinde polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) ile COVID-19 enfeksiyonu doğrulanmış gebe hasta ve kontrol grubu olarak nazal sürüntü örneğinde COVID-19 PCR ile enfeksiyon olmadığı kanıtlanmış olan 6001 gebe dahil edilmiştir. Analiz edilen değişkenler: maternal yaş, eşlik eden komorbidite durumu, COVID-19 hastalık semptomları, pnömoni varlığı, maternal yoğun bakım ihtiyacı, maternal mortalite, abortus varlığı, preterm doğum oranı, doğum şekli, yenidoğan yoğun bakım ihtiyacı, yenidoğan COVID-19 PCR durumu ve COVID-19‘a bağlı yenidoğan mortalite oranıdır.

Bulgular: Maternal COVID-19 enfeksiyonu vakalarının %50’sinde asemptomatik seyretti. Klinik semptomlar %39 ile öksürük, %34 ateş, %24 koku kaybı, %16 dispne şeklindedir. Maternal enfeksiyonda hastaların %13’ünde hastanede yatış gerekliliği belirlendi. Akciğer tutulumu %14 olup, hastaların %2’si yoğun bakım şartlarında tedavi edilmiştir. Maternal mortalite %0,7 olarak saptanmıştır. Maternal ve neonatal sonuçlar için yenidoğan yoğun bakım ihtiyacı oranı dışında anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Yenidoğan COVID-19 PCR taramasında %2 pozitiflik saptanmasına rağmen COVID-19 enfeksiyonuna bağlı yenidoğan ölümü saptanmadı.

Sonuçlar: COVID-19 enfeksiyonu ile komplike gebe hastalarda, maternal ve neonatal sonuçların kötüleştiğine dair belirgin ilişki saptanmadı. Doğum şekli obstetrik endikasyonlara göre belirlenmelidir. Anneden bebeğe vertikal geçiş gösterilmemekle beraber %2 yenidoğan PCR ile pozitiflik oranı bildirilmiştir. Hiçbir yenidoğanda hastalık bulgusu saptanmadı ve ölüm bildirilmedi.
Çocuklarda Covid 19 İlişkili Multisistem İnflamatuar Sendrom Patofizyolojisi
Authors: AKKUZU Emine
Published: April 2021

Koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19) salgını ilk kez Asya'da rapor edildiğinde ve ardından tüm dünyaya yayıldığında, ilk bulgular enfeksiyonun çocuklarda daha hafif semptomlarla görüldüğü şeklindeydi. Ancak Nisan 2020 ortalarında önce İngiltere, ardından İtalya, İspanya, Amerika olmak üzere bir çok ülkeden çoklu organ yetmezliği bulgularıyla başvuran hastalar rapor edildi ve yeni bir hiperinflamatuar sendrom olan çocuklarda multisistem inflamatuar sendrom (MIS-C) tanımlandı. MIS-C’nin erişkinlerdeki şiddetli akut respiratuvar sendromu koronavirüsü 2 (SARS-CoV-2) piklerinden 4-6 hafta sonra görülme sıklığı artması nedeniyle bir enfeksiyon sonrası süreç olduğu düşünülmektedir. MIS-C Kawasaki hastalığı, sitokin salınım sendromu, makrofaj aktivasyon sendromu ile benzerlikleri olsa da ayrı bir immün fenotipe sahiptir. MIS-C patofizyolojisi ve neden bazı çocuklarda gelişip diğerlerinde gelişmediği net bilinmemektedir. Çocuklarda genellikle asemptomatik veya hafif semptomlarla geçen erken enfeksiyon, makrofaj aktivasyonuna ve ardından yardımcı T hücrelerin uyarılmasına neden olur. Bunun sonucunda tümör nekrozis faktör (TNF), interlökin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-23, IL-18, IL-12 ve interferon (IFN) gibi sitokinlerin salınımına/fırtınasına, makrofajların, nötrofillerin ve monositlerin uyarılmasına neden olur. MIS-C patogenezini anlamak ve COVID-19 pandemisi yeni piklerle devam ederken tedavisine ve önlenmesine rehberlik etmek için daha fazla araştırma yapılması zorunludur.
L'assistenza sanitaria basata sul valore
Authors: Zito Giovanni Battista
Published: April 2021

In the last decades, paternalistic medicine based on the principles of “science and conscience”, has been definitively replaced by evidence-based medicine, in order to ensure that only interventions with strong evidence of clinical efficacy/utility will be used. Evidence-based medicine, however, has two main limitations. The first one is that it fits with difficulty to the individual pa-tient. To overcome this limitation, precision medicine has been founded. The second and main limitation is that evidence-based medicine and the related concept of clinical appropriateness do not consider the costs of health services. Clinical appropriate-ness should therefore be closely associated with organizing appropriateness, to give absolute relevance to both the concepts of risk/effectiveness and cost/effectiveness of the healthcare. Accordingly, every intervention aimed at improving individual and public health should include evidence-based decision making, quality improvement and cost reduction. These features are all nec-essary but not sufficient. A new approach is emerging, called value-based healthcare, which aims to privilege activities capable of generating value, in a new model of healtcare in which interventions are reimbursed on the base of the results obtained on the whole community health.
Spettroscopia nel vicino infrarosso (NIRS) e alterazioni dell’emodinamica cerebrale in corso di fibrillazione atriale
Authors: Saglietto Andrea , Scarsoglio Stefania , Canova Daniela , Piccotti Alessandro , Franzin Simone , Gaita Fiorenzo , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Ridolfi Luca , Anselmino Matteo
Published: April 2021

The growing epidemiological burden of atrial fibrillation (AF) warrants urgent clarification of the mechanisms at the basis of the independent association between the arrhythmia and cognitive decline/dementia. Several mechanisms have been proposed, such as silent cerebral lesions (subclinical ischemia or micro-haemorrages), a chronic reduction in mean cerebral blood flow, AF-associated pro-inflammatory status and cerebral endothelial dysfunction. However, a new hypothesis based on computational da-ta has recently emerged, which claims that AF irregular rhythm itself may promote direct deleterious beat-to-beat effects, which translates into critical hemodynamic events in the distal cerebral circle. To overcome the limitations of the currently adopted techniques in the study of cerebral circle (transcranial Doppler and Arterial Spin Labeling MRI), we recently demonstrated that cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with high sampling frequency (20 Hz) may provide beat-to-beat hemodynamic in-sights from the cerebral microcirculation, paving the way for the assessment of distal cerebral hemodynamics during AF. Should the computational findings be confirmed, it will be fundamental to evaluate whether the most aggressive rhythm control strate-gies (such as transcatether ablation) may contribute to reduce cognitive burden in AF patients.
Malattie cardiovascolari: è tempo di pensare alla prevenzione nelle donne
Authors: Longo Marcella , Bellotti Alessia , Valente Ivana , Giampaoli Simona
Published: April 2021

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in women but for many years the problem has been under-estimated. Because of the protective action of hormones, women present the event about 10 years later than men and often women have worse prognosis due to advanced age, comorbidities, delay in the diagnosis and less aggressive treatment. For these reasons it is important to increase primary prevention policies, even in populations considered to be at low risk such as women. In fact, there are strong data in literature that shows how the maintenance of a favorable risk profile, by modifying lifestyles, is associated with a drastic reduction in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. The goal is to maintain "cardiovascular health", defined by 4 life-style-related parameters (non-smoking, BMI < 25 kg/ m2, physical activity, nutrition) and 3 biohumoral factors (BP < 120/80 mmHg, CT < 200 mg / dl, blood sugar < 100 mg / dl). In this context, we present a review on heart disease in women, about the epidemiological data of our country, and we propose primary prevention strategies in outpatients setting where it is possible to set up multidisciplinary teams and opportunistic screening of risk factors.
Gestione delle patologie cardiovascolari croniche in ambiente ambulatoriale: primi dati di un ambulatorio Hub della regione Lombardia
Authors: Longo Marcella , Valerio Cristiana
Published: April 2021

Chronic diseases are the main cause of death and hospitalizations in the world. In 2005 World Health Organization estimated that over 60% of all annual deaths were due to chronic diseases, even with a high neconomic impact. For these reasons chronic illness care is one of the most difficult challenge for the health service: the management of chronic patients needs a different set-ting, as compared with the “hospital – based model” used for acute conditions. In this work, we described the first data of a Hub cardiology out-patient clinic of Azienda Socio Sanitaria Milano Nord, of Lombardia region. Between August 1, 2015 and August 31, 2016, we evaluated 2956 clinical examinations and 4364 instrumental tests. The five main diagnoses were: hypertension (25%), diabetes (17%), chronic coronary syndromes (12%), atrial fibrillation (14%), chronic heart failure (4%). Our results show the high volume of activities of cardiology service and demonstrate the important role of territorial cardiology for chronic cardiovascular disease management.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Visual Acuity and Depression Before and After Surgery in Patients with Senile Cataract: A Multicenter Study
Authors: BEYOĞLU Abdullah , BEYOĞLU Muhammed Mustafa , URFALIOGLU Selma , AVCI Dilek , ŞAHİN Hüseyin , TEKİN Serek
Published: April 2021

Aim: To evaluate the relationship between quality of life associated with visual acuity and depression in patients with senile cataracts before and after surgery.

Methods: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was administered preoperatively and one month after surgery to patients scheduled for surgery with a diagnosis of senile cataract in Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Karaman State Hospital ophthalmology clinic. All demographic and systemic diseases data of patients, and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) results before and after the operation were recorded. SPSS 22.0 statistics program was used to evaluate the data. P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Result: 53 of the patients were female (53%) and 47 of them were male (47%). The mean age was 68.32 ± 9.20 (50-91 years old). According to the Snellen scala, Preoperative BCVA was 0.1 ± 0.11 (0.05-0.3) and postoperative was 0.80 ± 0.16 (0.05-1.0) (p
Mobile Journalists as Traceable Data Objects: Surveillance Capitalism and Responsible Innovation in Mobile Journalism
Authors: Salzmann Anja , Guribye Frode , Gynnild Astrid
Published: April 2021

This article discusses how Shosana Zuboff’s critical theory of surveillance capitalism may help to understand and underpin responsible practice and innovation in mobile journalism. Zuboff conceptualizes surveillance capitalism as a new economic logic made possible by ICT and its architecture for extracting and trading data products of user behavior and preferences. Surveillance is, through these new technologies, built into the fabric of our economic system and, according to Zuboff, appears as deeply anti-democratic and a threat to human sovereignty, dignity, and autonomy. In Europe, the framework of responsible research and innovation is promoted as an approach and a meta-concept that should inform practice and policy for research and innovation to align with societal values and democratic principles. Within this approach, ICT is framed as a risk technology. As innovation in mobile journalism is inextricably tied to the technologies and infrastructure of smartphones and social media platforms, the apparent question would be how we can envision responsible innovation in this area. Zuboff provides a critical perspective to study how this architecture of surveillance impedes the practice of mobile journalism. While the wide adoption of smartphones as a key tool for both producing and consuming news has great potential for innovation, it can also feed behavioral data into the supply chain of surveillance capitalism. We discuss how potentially harmful implications can be met on an individual and organizational level to contribute to a more responsible adoption of mobile technologies in journalism.
Critical Theory and Being Critical: Connections and Contradictions
Authors: Gutsche, Jr. Robert E.
Published: April 2021

This editorial responds to a professionalization and constrained notion of “critical theory” to argue for an academic and humanist-centered approach to developing debates and discussions around the future of critical theory and “being critical.”
Perceived locus of causality: theoretical significance and the problem of measurement
Authors: Klein K.G.
Published: April 2021

This work is aimed at summarizing the theoretical progress made in understanding the role of perceived locus of causality in various activities The problem of the method of measuring the perceived locus of causality is analyzed. It is emphasized that for this design it is a multidimensional approach to measurement, which considers all types of causality locus as separate constructs, turns out to be the most promising one. Particular attention is paid to determinants and correlates, such as motivational regulation, in the context of educational activities, which attracts a multidimensional approach in its measurement oftener than in the analysis of other forms of activity.
Crime and Its Elements: Issues of Doctrinal Assessment
Authors: Khilyuta V. V.
Published: April 2021

The paper examines the doctrinal problems of crime as the central institution of criminal law. The essence and content of the concept of "crime" and its features are revealed from ontological positions: an act, social danger, wrongfulness, guilt and punishability. A differentiated approach to assessing the wrongfulness and social danger of an act determines the emergence of many concepts of crime and its characteristic elements (features). The legal concept of a crime is based on the fact that the act reflects and characterizes the crime and it is the act that has a set of objective and subjective features. The author outlines some trends in the development of the doctrine of crime in the context of the global instrumentalization of criminal law and the unification of modern legal systems. The main conclusion is that the concept of a crime should be formulated through the definition of social danger and unlawfulness (a crime is socially dangerous and unlawful behavior). It is the combination of public danger and wrongfulness that forms the concept of a crime and the rest of the features are derivatives. Socially dangerous behavior contains a set of objective and subjective features of wrongfulness, which are directly enshrined in the criminal law, which also provides for an element of punishment as a measure of state influence.
Forensic Investigation of Origin of Lies
Authors: Podvoyskiy K. V.
Published: April 2021

The genesis of the origin of lies in the paper is considered in two aspects: from the point of view of its socio-psychological nature (the reasons for the emergence of lies as a phenomenon of interpersonal communication in general) and from the point of view of its appearance in a criminal case (the reasons for the lies of participants in criminal proceedings). Through the prism of the historical development of a person as a biological species (phylogeny) and as a separate representative of this species (ontogeny), a lie is a person’s communication skill acquired in the process of socialization and demanded by society, a system of interactions of psychophysiological components of his body, functioning according to a certain, spontaneously formed in the process individual development patterns. The consequence of the individuality of a lie is the absence of its universal feature. The analysis of the motivating reasons for the lies of the participants in criminal proceedings was carried out on a comprehensive basis. The paper describes specific factors that determine the appearance of lies in a criminal investigation, such as the situation of interaction; peculiarities of relationships and communication between subjects of communication; the personality and activity of the person at whom the lie is directed; the personality of the subject of lies, his motivation, individual psychological, moral and other features, his assessment of the situation of interaction, etc. In a structured form, possible motives for the lies of participants in criminal proceedings are given.
Transformation of the Financial Law Method in Conditions of Digitalization of Economy
Authors: Papaskua G. T.
Published: April 2021

The paper examines the influence of digitalization on the method of financial law. The recent widespread introduction of new digital technologies leads to a change in the internal essence of the processes of influencing public relations, to the expansion and transformation of ways of influencing the behavior of participants of such relationships. By supplementing traditional ways of legal regulation by technical means of ensuring their implementation, the State increases the effectiveness of the mechanism of legal regulation. Digital technologies provide law with the possibility of regulating public relations in fundamentally new ways, expanding the variability of the tools of the method of financial law. This also causes increased discretion (dispositivity) in the process of regulating financial relations. Digital technologies also contribute to the regulation of cross-border relations, in particular information exchange between different jurisdictions. The author believes that the trends discussed in the paper will only increase, leading to a change in the content of the method of financial law.
Reference medical datasets (MosMedData) for independent external evaluation of algorithms based on artificial intelligence in diagnostics
Authors: Pavlov Nikolay A. , Andreychenko Anna E. , Vladzymyrskyy Anton V. , Revazyan Anush A. , Kirpichev Yury S. , Morozov Sergey P.
Published: April 2021

The article describes a novel approach to creating annotated medical datasets for testing artificial intelligence-based diagnostic solutions. Moreover, there are four stages of dataset formation described: planning, selection of initial data, marking and verification, and documentation. There are also examples of datasets created using the described methods. The technique is scalable and versatile, and it can be applied to other areas of medicine and healthcare that are being automated and developed using artificial intelligence and big data technologies.
Quantitative and qualitative changes in blood cells associated with COVID-19
Authors: Evtugina N G , Sannikova S S , Peshkova A D , Safiullina S I , Andrianova I A , Tarasova G R , Khismatullin R R , Abdullaeva Sh M , Litvinov R I
Published: April 2021

Aim. To establish the relationship of hematological disorders with the pathogenesis, course and outcomes of COVID-19.

Methods. We examined 235 hospitalized patients with moderate and severe forms of acute COVID-19 receiving anticoagulants and immunosuppressive drugs. We studied the full blood cell counts and morphology along with the platelet function by flow cytometry in comparison with the clinical features and synthesis of inflammatory markers. To assess platelet contractility, blood clot contraction (retraction) kinetics was used in combination with scanning electron microscopy of platelets and blood clots.

Results. Hemolytic anemia, neutrophilia and lymphopenia were associated with immature erythrocytes and leukocytes, indicating activation of hematopoiesis. Contraction of blood clots in COVID-19 was impaired, especially in severe and lethal cases, as well as in the presence of comorbidities, including myeloproliferative and coronary heart diseases and acute cerebrovascular disease. In male patients, the changes in clot contraction were more pronounced. Suppression of clot contraction correlated directly with anemia and coagulopathy, including a high D-dimer level, which confirms the pathogenetic significance of blood clot contraction in COVID-19. A decrease in platelet contractility was due to moderate thrombocytopenia in combination with chronic platelet activation and secondary platelet dysfunction. The structure and cellular composition of blood clots depended on the extent of contraction; clots with impaired contraction were porous, had a low content of deformed polyhedral erythrocytes (polyhedrocytes) and an even distribution of fibrin.

Conclusion. Blood cells undergoing both quantitative and qualitative changes are involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19; the suppressed platelet-driven contraction of intravital blood clots may be a part of the prothrombotic mechanisms.
The glutathione system in bone tissue under the action of copper-zinc ore components and antioxidants administration
Authors: Kuramshina G R , Kamilov F Kh
Published: April 2021

Aim. To study changes in the glutathione system in bone tissue during chronic intoxication with elements contained in copper-zinc pyrite ore and antioxidant vitamin administration.

Methods. 36 mature male white rats were divided into three groups (control, comparison, experimental). The rats of the experimental and comparison groups received intragastrically copper-zinc pyrite ore powder in a 2% starch solution as a suspension at a dosage of 60 mg/100 g bodyweight daily for three months. During the last month, the experimental group received an antioxidant vitamin preparation (the complex of vitamins with a trace element) containing -tocopherol, -carotene, ascorbic acid and selenium. The content of reduced glutathione, free thiol groups in proteins, the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, glutathione reductase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were determined in homogenates derived from femoral epiphysis. The statistical analysis of the results was performed using Statistica 6.0 software. The median (Me) and percentiles (Q1 and Q2) were calculated, a non-parametric MannWhitney U test was carried out to compare study groups.

Results. Chronic intoxication with elements contained in copper-zinc pyrite ore causes impairment of the glutathione system in bone tissue. Intoxicated rats showed a decrease in the reduced glutathione content to 71.9% (р=0.014) and free sulfhydryl groups of proteins to 77.8% (р=0.0143), inhibition of glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes activities, and disruption of the glutathione reduction system in tissues, compared to the control group. Antioxidant vitamin administration increased the levels of reduced glutathione and free thiol groups of proteins, activated the enzymes involved in the glutathione system: the reduced glutathione content increased to 94.8% (p=0.2132), glutathione peroxidase activity to 85.7% (p=0.0432), glutathione transferase up to 94.3% (p=0.5251), glutathione reductase up to 86.1% (p=0.0442) compared to the control group.

Conclusion. Chronic intoxication with metals contained in copper-zinc pyrite ore leads to decreasing the content of reduced glutathione and free thiol groups of proteins in bones along with reducing glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities, inhibition of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase; an antioxidant vitamin administration increases the activity of glutathione reduction enzymes in bone tissue, the content of reduced glutathione and free sulfhydryl groups of proteins, the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase.
A case report of psoriasis exacerbation following COVID-19
Authors: Khaliullina D R , Abdrakhmanov R M
Published: April 2021

The article presents a clinical case of severe exacerbation of psoriasis after a novel coronavirus infection. A 60 years old patient who has recovered from Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was admitted to the Republican Skin and Venereal Disease Dispensary of the Republic of Tatarstan for inpatient treatment with a diagnosis Large plaque psoriasis involving palms and soles. Progressive stage. Scalp psoriasis. Nail psoriasis. This was the first time the patient had experienced psoriasis exacerbation of this severity in his medical history. Presumably, exacerbation of psoriasis was due to the use of hydroxychloroquine. The exacerbation of psoriasis during the pandemic outbreak of Coronavirus disease can be explained by the following reasons: use of hydroxychloroquine, excessive inflammatory response to COVID-19, psychological stress, anxiety, depression, the decline in household income, limited outdoor activities. It is necessary to focus attention of physicians to the fact that patients who have suffered from COVID-19 may develop exacerbation of psoriasis.
The effectiveness of kinesio taping in edema-reducing treatment for fractures of the lower jaw
Authors: Gasimzade D K , Takhavieva F V , Ksembaev S S , Ivanov O A
Published: April 2021

Aim. To assess the effect of Kinesio taping on edema reduction among the patients with fractures of the mandible (lower jaw) in the early postsurgical period of osteosynthesis.

Methods. Patients with unilateral mandibular angle fractures with displacement of fragments (49 men at the age of 1850 years), divided into 2 groups: the main group 26 patients (with the inclusion of Kinesio taping in the complex of treatment) and the control group 23 patients (the traditional complex of treatment). All patients underwent splinting of the jaw and miniplate osteosynthesis. Kinesio tapes were applied the next day after surgery to the skin above and below the surgical wound. Three out of five standard landmarks were used to measure edema on the 1st and 5th days after osteosynthesis. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Student's test. In all cases, the level of statistical significance was 5% (p 0.05).

Results. On the day after osteosynthesis, the patients of the main group showed a statistically significant (р 0.003) increase in the measured length for all three landmarks compared with the intact side due to pronounced postoperative edema. On the 5th day after the inclusion of Kinesio taping in the complex of treatment, there was a reduction in edema the indicators of the fractured and intact sides did not differ significantly from each other (р 0.05). In patients of the comparison group, the decrease in the parameters of postoperative edema on the 5th day of observation was negligible and insignificant in all measurements (р 0.05).

Conclusion. The results indicate the effectiveness of using Kinesio taping for mandibular fractures in the early postoperative period of osteosynthesis, which makes it possible to achieve a significant reduction in postoperative edema; Kinesio taping is a promising, easy-to-perform method that can be used to reduce inflammatory edema in fractures of the mandible.
On the history of management of the third stage of labor in Kazan (to the 155th anniversary of the birth of Professor V.S. Gruzdev)
Authors: Kozlov L A
Published: April 2021

The article aims to show the experience of the Kazan Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic named after V.S. Gruzdev for replacing the obstetric operation manual removal of the placenta with other techniques to prevent serious postpartum complications. Research methods the historical study of primary literature sources. Manual removal of the placenta always associated with the risk of infection and developing puerperal sepsis. That is why obstetricians are constantly looking for a replacement for this operation. In 1895, even in the pre-Kazan period of work, professor Gruzdev successfully performed a method of inserting saline into the umbilical vessels to speed-up placental separation in the third stage of labor. While working in Kazan, on his proposal, doctor L.S. Sidorova (1936), and then Professor P.V. Manenkov (1942, 1948, 1955) and doctor M.V. Korotkova (1958) thoroughly studied and implemented the method of Budimilich in the work of the maternity ward of the clinic. This method involves replacing the saline solution with the crude alum solution. The second measure, preventing hemorrhage in the third stage of labor and avoiding manual removal of the placenta, was the successfully testing intravenous pituitrin (oxytocin) injection by Z.N. Yakubova, completed with the defense of her doctoral dissertation (1962). The high efficiency of these methods allowed us to recommend to them for widespread obstetric practice.
Modeling of the increased intraocular pressure effect on changes in the stress state of the eyeball’s internal structures
Authors: Takhtaev Yuri V. , Shliakman Roman B.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was creating a model and evaluating the effect of elevated IOP in the anterior chamber during phacoemulsification on the changes in the stress state of various ocular structures.

Materials and methods.A simplified axial symmetrical anatomical model of the eyeball was created using the finite element method. Using the Deform software package, the deformation problem was worked out by calculating the redistribution of the excess pressure in the anterior chamber during phacoemulsification, on the changes in the stress state of different ocular structures.Results. At processing of modeling results, data were obtained on redistribution of the excess pressure delivered to the anterior chamber towards its decrease in the posterior pole area. The pressure level amounted to 0.85 % of excess pressure applied. The findings are supported by few animal experiments.

Conclusions.Proposed model of the increased IOP level effect on changes in the stressed state of various ocular structures demonstrates that the autoregulation mechanism maintaining ocular blood flow at a constant level includes a compensating mechanism for a steep IOP increase due to elastic properties of the vitreous body. This model allows calculating the redistribution of pressure in different parts of the eyeball, depending on the state of resilient-elastic properties of the vitreous, as well as on avitreal eyes, and in patients with silicone oil tamponade.
Strategi Pendampingan Sebagai Upaya Pemenuhan Hak Anak Korban Kekerasan di Kota Pasuruan
Authors: Widyaswari Monica , Hardika Hardika , Dayati Umi
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji strategi pendampingan anak korban kekerasan di Kota Pasuruan. Upaya Kota Pasuruan dalam mengakomodir hak-hak anak korban kekerasan secara medis, yuridis, dan psikologis. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Informan dalam penelitian ini meliputi DP3AKB dan P2TP2A. Prosedur pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan model Spradley. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kota Pasuruan berkomitmen untuk memenuhi hak anak korban kekerasan melalui melalui enam strategi diantaranya: (1) supporting parents, caregivers and families yaitu sosialisasi kepada para orangtua dan sekolah, serta penyediaan pendamping anak secara terlatih; (2) helping children and adolescents manage risk and challenges melalui pendampingan psikososial; (3) changing attitudes and social norms that encourage violence and discrimination melalui pemberian informasi kepada korban dan keluarga; (4) promoting and providing support services for children yaitu ditandai dengan penyediaan lembaga pemerhati anak dan dukungan layanan dari SKPD lainnya; (5) implementing laws and policies that protect children yaitu adanya peraturan dan kebijakan perlindungan anak dari tingkat nasional hingga daerah; dan (6) carrying out data collection and research dilakukan pemetaan kekerasan anak berdasarkan karakteristik. Data juga akan dilaporkan ke tingkat nasional.
Teaching Recording and Documentation to BSW Students: An Exploratory Study of Field Instructors' Views
Authors: Ames Natalie
Published: April 2021

This exploratory study examined field instructors' perspectives on teaching recording skills to BSW students. The author used structured interviews with open-ended questions to gather data from 16 experienced social work field instructors. The study sought to explore (1) field instructors' methods of teaching about recording and the content of that instruction, and (2) the foundation knowledge and skills that would be helpful before students enter field. The findings suggest some avenues for developing content on recording within the BSW curriculum as well as for opening a dialogue between social work educators and field instructors on how to coordinate instruction on this critical topic.
Exploring Baccalaureate Social Work Students and Web-Based Learning
Authors: Kulkin Heidi , Williams June , Ahn Bonnie
Published: April 2021

This inquiry explored quantitative and qualitative items in relation to Web-based instruction for undergraduate courses in social work. A questionnaire including demographics items, 5-point Likert scale items, and open-ended questions was used to explore and describe students' comfort level in taking the Web-based courses, perceptions of best forums for learning in the Web-based courses, and students' developmental learning level.
Lifestyle Problems of Nontraditional BSW Students in an Urban University
Authors: Onolemhemhen Durrenda , Rea Natalie , Bowers Cassandra
Published: April 2021

Forty-five nontraditional BSW students attending an urban university in the Midwest were surveyed to determine the lifestyle problems that serve as barriers to completion of their undergraduate programs. The study found that role conflict was a major problem. Financial problems were also identified as a lifestyle stressor. Nontraditional students received support from their families that included childcare, money, and housework. When compared to traditional students (n=20) in the same environment, nontraditional students relied less on their families for financial support. The literature, however, showed that traditional and nontraditional students experience similar lifestyle issues in nonurban settings. The article concludes with recommendations for the teaching of nontraditional urban social work students and for institutional assistance.
Who Benefits From Gerontological Curriculum Enrichment? A Comparison of BSW and MSW Student Outcomes
Authors: Dorfman Lorraine , Ingram Jerry , Murty Susan , Li Han
Published: April 2021

This study compares outcomes of a gerontological social work curriculum enrichment project for baccalaureate (BSW; n=70) and master's in social work (MSW; n=97) students at a major Midwestern state university. The project was supported by the John A. Hartford Foundation. Evaluation instruments included quantitative pre- and posttests to assess change in BSW and MSW students' attitudes about aging and their knowledge and skills competencies in working with elders. Independent samples t tests indicated that MSW students showed marginally more positive attitudes toward older people, were significantly more knowledgeable about aging, and rated their skills at communicating with elders more highly than did BSW students at pretest only. Results suggest a more positive effect of the gerontological curriculum enrichment intervention on BSW than on MSW students, and implications are discussed.
Promoting Undergraduate Student Research Collaboration: Faculty Perceptions of Benefits and Challenges
Authors: Tompkins Catherine , Rogers Anissa , Cohen Harriet
Published: April 2021

Social work faculty from across the country (N=95) were surveyed to explore their perceptions about involving undergraduate students in their research projects. Results indicated that 58% of the respondents used undergraduate students in their research. Reported benefits of this involvement included that students brought enthusiasm, a willingness to learn, and a fresh vision to the research process. Students also brought social work skills and were helpful in conducting literature reviews, designing and pilot testing instruments, collecting and analyzing data, assisting with manuscripts, and presenting at conferences. Challenges reported by respondents included time and financial constraints for students and faculty as well as students' lack of understanding of and confidence about the research process. Implications are discussed, and further research questions are proposed.
Assessing Critical Thinking: The Use of Literature in a Policy Course
Authors: Miller Shari , Harnek Hall Diane , Tice Carolyn
Published: April 2021

This article presents results from a pre- and posttest study designed to assess the degree to which students' critical thinking skill levels changed as a result of enrollment in a one-semester undergraduate social policy course that employed literary works to enhance critical thinking. Data were gathered from 124 students over the course of two years. The Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal, a standardized instrument, was used to operationalize the construct. No significant differences were found in the sample from pre- to posttest. Differences in mean scores were found between White students and students of color. Implications for social work education and for the defining and measuring of the critical thinking construct are discussed.
Social Work Students and Homophobia: What Are Their Attitudes?
Authors: Kulkin Heidi , Williams June , Boykin Lolita , Ahn Bonnie
Published: April 2021

This study explored homophobic attitudes of baccalaureate-level social work students at a rural southern university. Students (N=151) were asked to complete an assessment that included the Hudson & Ricketts (1980) Index of Homophobia scale and an original sociodemographic questionnaire. Results suggest that the majority of students were homophobic (84%). Implications of this research and effective teaching strategies to combat homophobic attitudes are discussed.
Defining Criteria on Professional Suitability for Social Work Practice
Authors: Tam Dora , Coleman Heather
Published: April 2021

Social work educators are responsible for ensuring that social work students demonstrate the required practice competencies before they graduate and enter the profession. However, the lack of concrete criteria for evaluating student suitability poses challenges to social work educators. This article reports the results from a questionnaire survey mailed to BSW field instructors asking them to define criteria for professional suitability in social work. Of the 190 questionnaires that were returned, 142 contained qualitative responses defining criteria for professional suitability. Emerging from these responses were five categories consisting of 30 items defining professional suitability. They were personal suitability, practice suitability, ethical suitability, interpersonal suitability, and social consciousness suitability. Implications for social work education and future research are discussed.
Multicultural Competence: Are BSW Students Adequately Prepared?
Authors: Walls Patricia
Published: April 2021

Using a survey instrument based on Lum's approach for measuring multicultural competence and the Multicultural Awareness-Knowledge-Skills Survey, researchers assessed senior-level social work students' cultural competence to determine effectiveness of BSW multicultural curricula in undergraduate education. Research questions included whether (1) BSW students are adequately prepared for multicultural competent practice, (2) multicultural curriculum content in social work increases cultural competence, and (3) sociodemographic variables such as race/ethnicity, age, and gender are significant predictors of self-reported multi-cultural competence. Results indicate that BSW students receive some instruction on cultural awareness, but such instruction may not translate into multicultural competence. Implications for clarifying the social work educator's role in the preparation of social workers who are multiculturally competent are discussed.
Social Work Students' Perceptions of Fathers' and Mothers' Warmth and Control: Implications for Pedagogy and Research
Authors: Veneziano Robert
Published: April 2021

This study explores undergraduate social work students' relationships with maternal and paternal caregivers and students' perceptions of contemporary maternal and paternal roles. The research is based on a convenience sample of 96 undergraduate social work students attending 3 public state universities. Results show that students experienced significantly less warmth and nurturance from their fathers than their mothers. Students also experienced paternal rejection at rates higher than those reported by respondents in other studies. These findings add to research that demonstrates relationship difficulties in social work students' families of origin. Social work students also tend to hold a range of traditional and nontraditional views of maternal and paternal roles that indicate sensitivity to variations in parental roles and behaviors within and across genders. Implications for pedagogy and research are discussed.