bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Impact Assessment of National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) On Employees’ Productivity in Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Aisha Pariya Umar , Umar Nasiru A.
Published: March 2022

This study assessed the impact of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) on employee productivity. The study utilized data from the Federal College of Education (FCE, Yola) and American University of Nigeria (AUN) using a structured questionnaire. A sample of 200respondents was drawn from the two institutions. Count data models were used to examine the effects of the benefits offered by NHIS on the productivity of workers. The findings from this study reveals that awareness and prevention campaign, drug quality, health treatment and dental care service reduce the probability of a worker falling sick and missing work days. The result shows 61% of workers who are insured have never missed work due to sickness in the last 12 months. The study recommends that, the services offered by the NHIS should be more strengthened and sustained since they are found to be impacting much on workers. Thus, proper monitoring and supervision of the programme are important to ensure that the goal of the scheme is attained. Awareness and prevention campaigns should be conducted at regular intervals to bridge the information asymmetric among individuals. When workers are enlightened and informed about certain diseases, for example, diabetes, blood pressure, cancer, etc. They will be able to take both preventive and curative measures. Health treatment should also be improved at the various healthcare centers enrolled in NHIS scheme to ensure that there is efficiency and effectiveness in the treatment given to the beneficiaries.
 
Keywords: Productivity, Health Insurance, NHIS
The Economics of Conflicts: Natural Resources and The Dynamics of Conflicts in Post-Colonial West African Sub-Region
Authors: Oligbi Blessing Ose , Agara Tunde
Published: March 2022

Of all the sub-regions in Africa, the West Africa sub-region has become very notorious concerning conflict over natural resources. This has become rather endemic with virtually all the states making up the sub-region involved. Although the spate of conflicts has reduced somewhat over the years, especially with the interventionist policy of ECOWAS, however, the conflicts have presented us with domestic, regional as well as international dimensions. While it is crucial to understand the impact which these different trajectories have on the nature, dimensions, direction and dynamics of conflicts in West Africa, it is critical also to understand the role played by natural resources in both escalating and resolving conflicts in this area. While we are aware that, as at anywhere else in the world, these conflicts in the sub-region may be multidimensional and complex in nature, they nevertheless stem from socioeconomic, psychological, and political conditions internal to the respective nations. However, the paper argues that while the internal dimension can always be resolved among contenders, it become probably and takes longer time because of the external dimension which globalization has introduced. Thus, not only has globalization engendered new forms of conflict but it has also made certain that its resolution may not be possible and what we may be at best a reprieve.
 
Keywords: Conflicts, Dynamics, Globalization, Natural Resources, Sub-Region, West Africa
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Covid-19 Pandemic and Foreign Bank Performance in Asia-Pacific
Authors: Mulyaman Darynaufal , Julianto Farhan
Published: March 2022

The covid-19 pandemic affects all aspects of human life, including the economy. Investments, transactions, and other financial services got a surprising shock as the effects of the pandemic. However, as time goes by, the pandemic starts to re-normalize turning into a new normal. Even, some countries in the Asia Pacific commencing a new-normal life, like, China, South Korea, and Singapore. Despite the good news, it seems the grassroots is not fully recovered from the shock. Therefore we argue that the positive outlook may not give a lot of positive senses and confidence, hence skepticism in the economy persists, especially in economic growth, despite some aspects, such as international banks or financial institutions in Asia set an optimist target. Further, this paper would like to explain the Behavioral Political Economy perspective and the case of CIMB Group in Indonesia for capturing regional political economy explanation and analyzed the relation of grassroots condition and the target’s positivism post the pandemic, as Indonesia is the second-largest market in the Asia Pacific and CIMB is one of the prominent universal bank groups in ASEAN and beyond.
Walk on the wild side: The application of environmental isolates in microbiological testing
Authors: Sandle Tim
Published: March 2022

Environmental isolates are commonly used in the pharmaceutical sector to challenge microbial test methods and to release culture media. Does the use of these organisms add value? There are arguments in favour of this practice (broadening the test panel and with the assumption that some ‘wildtype’ characteristics are retained) and against (such as environmental isolates being difficult to standardise and the expectation that ‘wildtype’ characteristics are lost at some time point or they are not retained at all with the first subculture onto laboratory media). This paper considers these arguments.
Hand movements respond to any motion near the endpoint
Authors: Crowe Emily M. , Smeets Jeroen B. J. , Brenner Eli
Published: March 2022

Hand movements are pulled in the direction of motion near their planned endpoints. Is this an automatic response to motion signals near those positions, or do we consider what is moving? To find out, we asked participants to hit a target that moved rightward across a patterned surface when it reached an interception zone that was indicated by a circle. The circle was initially at the center of a square. The square was either filled, occluding the patterned surface (tile), or open, such that the patterned surface was not occluded (frame). The square briefly moved leftward or rightward shortly after the target appeared. Thus, participants were either aiming to hit the target on the surface that moved (the tile) or to hit the target on the patterned surface that did not move. Moving the two types of squares produced very similar local motion signals, but for the tile this could be interpreted as motion of an extended surface, while for the frame it could not. Motion onset of the two types of squares yielded very similar responses. Increasing the size of the square, and thus the eccentricity of the local motion signal, reduced the magnitude of the response. Since this reduction was seen for both types of squares, the surface on which the interception zone was presented was clearly not considered. We conclude that the response is driven by local motion signals near the endpoint of the action without considering whether the local surface is moving.
ISOLASI FUNGI ENDOFIT UMBI TALAS (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus SECARA KLT-BIOAUTOGRAFI
Authors: Suleman Abdul Wahid , Arna A. Nurnadya , Safaruddin
Published: March 2022

Fungi endofit yang berasal dari tumbuhan dapat menghasilkan senyawa metabolit sekunder sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengisolasi fungi endofit Umbi Talas (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan staphylococcus aureus secara KLT-Bioautografi. Isolat diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode tanam langsung endofit Umbi Talas (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) pada media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada fermentasi supernatan ekstrak eter terdapat zona hambat pada penampakan noda ke-7 dengan diameter zona hambat 13,1 mm terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli, pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus tidak terdapat zona hambatan, sedangkan pada ekstrak n-butanol terdapat zona hambatan pada penampakan noda ke-1 dengan diameter zona hambatan 15,1 mm terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus terdapat zona hambatan pada penampakan noda ke-2 dengan diameter zona hambatan 15,4 mm dari hasilKLT yang telah dilakukan senyawa bioaktif dari ekstrak fermentasi supernatan yang bertindak sebagai antibakteri yaitu senyawa alkaloid dan flavonoid.
Thrust Chamber Dynamic and Propulsive Performance of Biofuels Under Detonation Combustion
Authors: Izham Izzat Ismail  , Muhammad Hanafi Azami
Published: March 2022

Detonation is a shock wave obtained from the energy that releases after the combustion. Chapman-Jouguet(CJ) theory can be used to identify the behaviour of the detonation in gasses. Pulse Detonation Engines (PDEs) is one of the engines that implement the detonation in its combustion system. The Humphrey cycle is the thermodynamic cycle which is similar to the Pulse Detonation Engines (PDEs). It is the modification of the Brayton cycle where the constant-pressure heat addition process of the Brayton cycle is replaced by a constant-volume heat addition process. The Humphrey cycle can provide the pressure rise combustion by utilizing the shock inside the combustion chamber. Compared to the Brayton cycle, the Humphrey cycle has higher thermodynamic efficiency. However, the detonation process has unsteady combustion which makes it more difficult to handle. The purpose of the study is to calculate the performance of the aircraft by using alternative fuel in the ZND model. An analytical model is started by having the molecular structure of each biofuel and it has been used to determine detonation velocity, Mach number at C-J point, temperature ratio, pressure ratio, density ratio, Brayton and Humphrey efficiency, specific impulse, and specific thrust. In addition, the physical properties of the flow are investigated by changing the initial temperature, initial pressure, and mass flux. The pressure ratio, temperature ratio, and density ratio will all decrease as the initial pressure varies. The variation of mass flux and initial temperature, on the other hand, generates the opposite outcome as the change of pressure. The feasibility of the fuels in the detonation combustion can be known as they show high propulsive performance after the initial condition is changing.
Multiepoch Optical Spectroscopy of the Post-AGB Star HD 161796
Authors: Puķītis Kārlis , Začs Laimons , Grankina Aija
Published: March 2022

The evolutionary rate of the pulsating post–asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) star HD 161796 was suspected to be high. Spectra of HD 161796 acquired during a time span of 18 yr are analyzed with the main goal of determining the evolutionary increase in temperature and comparing it with the latest post-AGB star evolutionary models. Inspection of the spectra reveals splitting and significant temporal variation in strong absorption lines, suggesting the presence of shock waves in the atmosphere of the pulsating star. The Hα profiles point to variable incipient mass loss. Most medium-strength lines have variable blue wings, while the red wings remain stationary, presumably due to variations in the warm outflow from the stellar surface. The modeling of the spectra suggests the average value for the effective temperature to be 7275 K, and for surface gravity, a value of log g = 0.7. Different iron abundances are found for different spectra, probably due to the inability to model the pulsating photosphere with stationary atmospheric models. On average, we arrive at [Fe/H] = −0.06. The observed underabundance in neutron capture and some other elements is inferred to be a consequence of dust–gas separation. It is confirmed that, during pulsation, the stellar surface is hotter when the star is smaller in size. The spectra show a 420 K range in effective temperature—a smaller variation than can be found from pulsation-related changes in color. No significant rate of evolution is seen, contrary to earlier suggestions. The initial mass of the star is evaluated to be ⪅2 M
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Cosmic-Ray Transport near the Sun
Authors: Strauss R. D. , van den Berg J. P. , Rankin J. S
Published: March 2022

The strongly diverging magnetic field lines in the very inner heliosphere, through the associated magnetic focusing/mirroring forces, can, potentially, lead to highly anisotropic galactic cosmic-ray distributions close to the Sun. Using a simplified analytical approach, validated by numerical simulations, we study the behavior of the galactic cosmic-ray distribution in this newly explored region of the heliosphere and find that significant anisotropies can be expected inside 0.2 au.
Hydrogen Lyman β, γ, and Balmer β Spectral Lines in Strong Uniform Magnetic and Electric Fields
Authors: Liu F. L. , Zhao L. B.
Published: March 2022

This paper reports computational results on hydrogen Lyman β, γ, and Balmer β spectral lines in the presence of parallel magnetic and electric fields. A two-dimensional B-spline approach is adopted in the current calculations. This approach was originally developed to treat high-lying states but was found to be also effective for low-lying states. Wavelengths and oscillator strengths are presented for a total of 31 transitions in magnetic and electric fields with field strengths ranging, respectively, from 23.5 to 2350 MG and from 0 to 108 V m−1. These spectral data are compared to available results from other theoretical methods, and good agreement is clearly visible. Our calculations show that in the scope of field strengths we are concerned with, Lyman β and γ spectral lines lie in the ultraviolet region, while the Balmer β lines lie in the ultraviolet and visible-light regions. Furthermore, Zeeman spectral lines related to atomic states in the n = 4 manifold may be blue- or redshifted by a strong electric field, dependent on the transitions as well as on magnetic field strengths. Atomic spectral data of the 31 transitions listed are applicable for modeling discrete spectra of magnetic white dwarfs when a strong electric field exists in the hydrogen-dominated atmospheres of these celestial objects.
Approximating Stellar Metallicity Using Photometric Machine Learning
Authors: Ghosh Rik , Saha Soham
Published: March 2022

Stellar metallicity is an important metric in analyzing stellar evolution. Measuring metallicity (e.g., [Fe/H]) usually requires spectroscopic data, but difficulties associated with gathering spectra for distant objects severely reduces the number of stars for which metallicity can be calculated. The Sloan Expedition for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE) spectroscopic surveys are one of the most abundant public-sources of objects with spectra. Despite cataloging over 106 objects, the SEGUE data makes up only 0.4% of the data in SDSS photometric surveys. To overcome the limited spectra, this machine-learning method can approximate [Fe/H] from the 5 SDSS photometric filters with a root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of 0.277 dex. The RMSE from this method is similar to the scatter expected in [Fe/H] measurements from low-resolution spectra. Therefore, this method achieves similar accuracy to low-resolution spectra but can be applied to a few orders of magnitude more stars than what the current spectroscopic surveys allow.
Blue Marble, Stagnant Lid: Could Dynamic Topography Avert a Waterworld?
Authors: Guimond Claire Marie , Rudge John F. , Shorttle Oliver
Published: March 2022

Topography on a wet rocky exoplanet could raise land above its sea level. Although land elevation is the product of many complex processes, the large-scale topographic features on any geodynamically active planet are the expression of the convecting mantle beneath the surface. This so-called “dynamic topography” exists regardless of a planet’s tectonic regime or volcanism; its amplitude, with a few assumptions, can be estimated via numerical simulations of convection as a function of the mantle Rayleigh number. We develop new scaling relationships for dynamic topography on stagnant lid planets using 2D convection models with temperature-dependent viscosity. These scalings are applied to 1D thermal history models to explore how dynamic topography varies with exoplanetary observables over a wide parameter space. Dynamic topography amplitudes are converted to an ocean basin capacity, the minimum water volume required to flood the entire surface. Basin capacity increases less steeply with planet mass than does the amount of water itself, assuming a water inventory that is a constant planetary mass fraction. We find that dynamically supported topography alone could be sufficient to maintain subaerial land on Earth-size stagnant lid planets with surface water inventories of up to approximately 10−4 times their mass, in the most favorable thermal states. By considering only dynamic topography, which has ∼1 km amplitudes on Earth, these results represent a lower limit to the true ocean basin capacity. Our work indicates that deterministic geophysical modeling could inform the variability of land propensity on low-mass planets.
Approaches to Modernizing the Land Forces of Selected Countries
Authors: Vyklický Vladimír , Pikner Ivo , Procházka Josef
Published: March 2022

The modernization of armaments and military technology is one of the ways to increase the combat potential of the Armed Forces and has implications at all levels of the Armed Forces. Its main purpose is to replace obsolete technology with new ones to prepare the Armed Forces to meet the new challenges of the future security environment. New technologies play a key role in this regard. Not only the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic, but also other NATO and EU member states have planned significant modernization projects for conventional military conflict but also unconventional, asymmetric and hybrid conflicts. The authors examine approaches to the modernization of the Land Forces of selected countries. Finally, the armament strategy of selected countries is compared with the armament strategy of the Czech Republic's Land Forces.
Material assets of the mobilization of Armed forces of the Czech Republic at the beginning of the 21st century
Authors: Dosoudil Petr
Published: March 2022

This article focuses on the identification of key factors of material resources in the field of equipment, armaments and military vehicles within the Czech state needed for effective mobilization. The primary goal is to answer the question of whether the Army of the Czech Republic still has adequate supplies of these key resources and whether it has the ability to increase these resources in crisis situations without significant dependence on foreign imports. The above analysis revealed mostly sufficient stocks, but at the same time significant limitations were identified in some categories, especially in their technical and moral quality (obsolescence, respectively), especially in most types of military vehicles. The issue of dependence on foreign imports concerning raw materials then changes considerably, from the minimum (combat dress) to the almost maximum (ballistic helmet) level.
Experiences of Getting Reproductive Health Information from Friends as the Most Influenced Factor on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Risk Behavior in Adolescents
Authors: Kusumaningrum Tanjung Anitasari Indah , Kusumawati Yuli , Setiyadi Noor Alis , Samphors Sim , Gita Anggi Putri Aria , Rohmawaty Novida , Selena Hestia
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Adolescents are a vulnerable group to reproductive health and sexuality problems. The problem of drug use and premarital sexual behavior is the focus of attention for adolescents because it can be a risk of HIV transmission. Providing information from various parties regarding reproductive health is expected to reduce adolescents risk of carrying out HIV risk behaviors.

AIM: This study purpose was to analyze the experience of obtaining reproductive health information (from friends, parents, community, community leaders, social media, and organizations) that most influence HIV risk behavior in adolescents.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescents aged 15–19 years living with their parents in Surakarta. The research sample was 450 teenagers. The sampling used convenience sampling technique and data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test in bivariate analysis and logistic regression in multivariate analysis.

RESULTS: Information from friends is the most influential factor on HIV risk behavior in adolescents (OR = 0.314, CI = 0.090–1.102). Teenagers who get information from friends tend to carry out HIV risk behaviors because the information is not credible and comprehensive and is more toward the negative, namely, pornography.

CONCLUSION: Reproductive health information from friends is not necessarily correct. Efforts to improve the skills of adolescents to find credible sources of information on reproductive health and sexuality are needed to reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
Preparation and Characterization of Sumatriptan Timed Delivery System Using Combination of Natural and Synthetic Polymers
Authors: Al-anbagi Mina Shihab , Rajab Nawal A. , Aljodah Mohammed Abd-Alhussein , Al-Attar Zaid
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Pulsatile drug delivery systems are time-controlled dosage forms that release active pharmaceutical component after a predefined period in order to synchronize circadian cycle of illness. Migraine has a diurnal cycle, with episodes peaking between 6 a.m. and 8 a.m. Sumatriptan acts as a selective agonist for 5-Hydroxytryptamine1 (serotonin) receptors. Thus, it is an effective therapy for acute migraine episodes.

AIM: The objective of the study is to create a time-controlled press-coated tablet containing two sumatriptan pulses. The first pulse demonstrated 100% active component release within 2 min, followed by the second sumatriptan pulse after just 5.5-h lag period.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prepared eleven formulations for rapid dissolving core tablets and thirty-three formulations for press-coated tablet that were manufactured by direct compression technique. The third layer was then squeezed onto press-coated tablet to create a two-pulse-time-controlled system. The qualities of core tablets and coatings were examined using a variety of criteria.

RESULTS: The formula F7 of core tablet was chosen because it had the lowest disintegration duration (8.8 s) with the quickest drug release within 2 min. In addition, formula C28 of the pectin-containing press-coated tablet: EC 100 mpa.s: HPMCK4M in concentrations of 20mg, 100 mg, and 80 mg were chosen as optimal coating layer.

CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing pulsatile delivery system for sumatriptan is an effective strategy in resolving migraine attacks.
Criminal Liability of People with Mental Disorders: Health Law Perspective
Authors: Rizka Rizka , Budiono Arief , Prasetyo Yogi , Praja Chrisna Bagus Edhita , Khairunnisa Hasna Atikah , Khairunnisa Hasna Atikah , Iriani Dewi , Hakim Hary Abdul
Published: March 2022

Criminal liability is a mechanism to determine whether or not a suspect may be held responsible for an action. Mental disorders are conditions that prevent someone from having the ability to take responsibility for their actions. The Indonesian Criminal Codes I and II provide a guide on the criminal liability of people with mental disorders. This is normative legal research with a focal point on inventorying written positive laws under legal principles and doctrines to discover the law in a case. The result shows that the judge has full authority to sentence offenders with mental disorders. Otherwise, they have to consider the facts at the trial and ask expert witnesses. We argue that imposing the sanction for perpetrators with mental disorders is not in line with Lex Neminem Cogit Ad Impossibilia, which is embedded in the Indonesian criminal code. Moreover, the judge needs to involve the psychiatrists to manage the suspect with a mental disorder in their decision.
Evaluation of the Implementation of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness in Special Region of Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia
Authors: Haryanti Fitri , Laksanawati Ida Safitri , Arguni Eggi , Widyaningsih Suci Ardini , Ainun Nurulita Alma , Rastiwi Nisa
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Child mortality rate in Indonesia is now fluctuating. The Province of the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) had fluctuated infant mortality rate in the recent years. As a result, guidelines of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) are still required to improve the health of Indonesian children.

AIM: This study aimed to explore the implementation of IMCI in DIY Province in terms of input, process, and output components.

METHODS: A case study approach with a qualitative method was conducted among implementers of IMCI in the DIY Province. The data were obtained from secondary sources, such as the reports, attendance lists, and focus group discussion video recordings.

RESULTS: The results were differentiated by input, process, and output components. Most IMCI implementers have not received special training (input); there were no specific guidelines for sick children during the COVID-19 pandemic (process); and the IMCI implementation target has not been achieved with the percentage below 60–70% (output).

CONCLUSION: The implementation of IMCI in Yogyakarta Province is still required to improve the quality of services provided to sick children.
Prospective Comparative Study of Fixing Displaced Transverse Patellar Fracture by Tension Band Wiring Versus Cannulated Screws with Wiring
Authors: Malakh Hayder Kadhem , Al-Sharaa Mohammed Bagir , Al-Shahwanii Zaid W. , Al-Edanni Mohammed
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Transverse fractures of the patella are important fractures with a wide variety of subtypes, the common incidence in the age group of 20–50 years. Surgical interference aims to achieve a perfect alignment of the joint surface, in addition to rigid fixation of the fracture for early re-habitation and early movement to retain the extensor mechanism of the knee joint.

AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the radiological and functional outcomes of the displaced transverse patella fracture in adult patients treated by ORIF using tension band wiring versus cannulated screws with wiring.

METHODS: A prospective analytic comparative study was conducted in Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital/Baghdad/Iraq for 18 months from April 1, 2019, to October 1, 2020. It included 32 patients with isolated displaced transverse patellar fracture AO type 34-C1. The patients have undergone operative fixation with two different surgical techniques divided randomly by choosing every other patient into two groups. Group A, the fracture was fixed by cannulated screws with wiring and Group B, the fracture was fixed by two K-wires and with tension band technique. Postoperatively, assessment of the knee function by Lysholm score, the visual analog scale for pain intensity, and active flexion range of movement were measured in degree as primary outcomes, while time to union in weeks assessed radiographically as secondary outcomes.

RESULTS: The patients’ age was ranging from 26 to 49 years, with males predominant. Low-energy falls occupying a major part of the mechanism of injury in both groups. Lysholm score was significantly increased after 3, 6, and 12 months compared to that after 1 month in both groups with no statistical differences. The mean visual analog score significantly decreased in Group A after 1 month than that in Group B with no significant change in the other follow-up periods. There were no statistically significant differences in both groups regarding the range of knee movement and the radiographic assessment of fracture healing.

CONCLUSION: Both techniques are good and effective with taking into consideration that open reduction and cannulated screws fixation with wiring technique is shown to be associated with lower post-operative pain and a lower frequency of complications mainly surgical site infection.
Preliminary results on the bird protection effectiveness of animal deflectors on railway overhead lines based on electrical current evaluation
Authors: Kornhuber Stefan , Pampel Hans-Peter , Görlich Jana , Leiblein-Wild Marion , Jöckle Christoph
Published: March 2022

In contrast to other transportation systems, railway systems feature special characteristics, which may cause specific hazards to birds. Among other things, there is the risk of electrocutions resulting from short circuits. To protect the birds and minimize these short circuit events, the DB Netz AG has installed so-called animal deflectors on the insulators of the overhead lines. Since this effort, the number of short-circuit events in the respective sections has decreased, according to DB Netz AG. The principal mechanism of action of the animal deflectors is based on mechanical defense, combined with electrostatic discharge on contact. Although the number of short circuit events has been reduced by using animal deflectors, the detailed function of the animal deflector in different environmental conditions has not been investigated up to now. This research project aims to determine whether, and to what extent, the use of animal deflectors in retrofitting overhead lines may contribute to bird protection and which currents can be measured at retrofitted insulators under different environmental conditions. Hence the current should be measured when using animal deflectors on railway overhead lines for different isolator states and body resistances (5 kΩ, 3 kΩ, 1kΩ, 0.5 kΩ). The results show an influence of measured current depending on the insulator state. Our preliminary results indicate that the use of an animal deflector (KTA) to the tested polymeric insulator and pollution severity can be recommended, since, based on the investigations, no danger to small birds and small animals can be identified. However, the use of the animal deflector (KTA) for the tested porcelain insulator and pollution severity should not be recommended as they showed high animal hazards during pollution and fog conditions. However, these results cannot be transferred to other different insulator types and pollution severities. Investigating the electrical current to the type of insulator used and the expected pollution severity is recommended.
Exploring 15 years of brown bear (Ursus arctos)-vehicle collisions in northwestern Greece
Authors: Psaralexi Maria , Lazarina Maria , Mertzanis Yorgos , Michaelidou Danai-Eleni , Sgardelis Stefanos
Published: March 2022

Road networks provide several benefits to human societies; however, they are also one of the major drivers of fragmentation and habitat degradation. Their negative effects include wildlife-vehicle collisions which are associated with increased barrier effects, restricted gene flow, and increased local extinction risk. Large carnivores, such as the brown bear (Ursus arctos), are vulnerable to road mortality while they also put human safety at risk in every collision. We recorded approximately 100 bear-vehicle collisions during the last 15 years (2005–2020) in northwestern Greece and identified common aspects for collisions, i.e., spatial, or temporal segregation of collision events, road features, and age or sex of the involved animals. We recorded collisions in both the core distribution area of brown bears, as well as at the periphery, where few individuals, mostly males, disperse. According to our findings, there are four collision hotspots which include ca. 60% of total collisions. Bear-vehicle collisions occurred mostly in periods of increased animal mobility, under poor light conditions and low visibility. In most cases, we deem that a collision was unavoidable at the time of animal detection, because the driver could not have reacted in time to avoid it. Appropriate fencing, in combination with the retention of safe passages for the animals, can minimize collisions. Therefore, such mitigation measures, wildlife warning signs and other collision prevention systems, such as animal detection systems, should be adopted to decrease the number of bear-vehicle collisions and improve road safety.
Demography of an invading forest insect reunited with hosts and parasitoids from its native range
Authors: Krivak-Tetley Flora E. , Sullivan-Stack Jenna , Garnas Jeff R. , Zylstra Kelley E. , Höger Lars-Olaf , Lombardero María J. , Liebhold Andrew M. , Ayres Matthew P.
Published: March 2022

The Sirex woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), a widespread invasive pest of pines in the Southern Hemisphere, was first detected in North America in 2004. This study assessed the impacts of life history traits, host resistance and species interactions on the demography of S. noctilio in New York, Pennsylvania and Vermont, then compared key metrics to those found in the native range in Galicia, Spain. Many trees naturally attacked by S. noctilio in North America produced no adult woodwasps, with 5 of 38 infested trees (13%) sampled across six sites yielding 64% of emerging insects. Reproductive success was highest in the introduced host scots pine, Pinus sylvestris, but native red pine, Pinus resinosa, produced larger insects. Sirex noctilio required one or sometimes two years to develop and sex ratios were male biased, 1:2.98 ♀:♂. Body size and fecundity were highly variable, but generally lower than observed in non-native populations in the Southern Hemisphere. Hymenopteran parasitoids killed approximately 20% of S. noctilio larvae and 63% of emerging adults were colonized by the parasitic nematode Deladenus siricidicola, although no nematodes entered eggs. Demographic models suggested that S. noctilio in the northeastern USA have a higher potential for population growth than populations in the native range: estimated finite factor of increase, λ, was 4.17–4.52 (depending on tree species colonized), compared to λ = 1.57 in Spain.
Constitution des groupes en éducation physique et sportive : les filles et les garçons au prisme de la cohésion opératoire et fonctionnelle
Authors: Nakas Raffi
Published: March 2022

Cette étude a pour but d’identifier les critères d’appariement des élèves français en cours d’éducation physique et sportive dans une situation où la cohésion opératoire et fonctionnelle est privilégiée. Par comparaison avec des processus de cohésion socioaffective où les recherches montrent qu’en général les élèves de même sexe se choisissent, l’idée est d’observer si ces choix sont identiques dans des situations orientées vers une tâche. À l’aide de questionnaires sociométriques ( n = 291) et d’entretiens ( n = 40), nous avons interrogé des élèves âgés de 11 ans et de 15 ans. Les sociogrammes témoignent qu’avec ce type de cohésion, les logiques sexuées restent prédominantes, mais les entretiens révèlent des différences entre les sexes : aux garçons le prestige et aux filles l’affinité.
« Ça lit pas » : l’enseignant face à l’énigme de l’élève. Une étude de cas
Authors: Cadiou Sandra , Mothes Patricia , Terrisse André
Published: March 2022

Le travail que nous présentons ici est centré sur le cas d’Irène. En tant qu’enseignante en cycle 2, Irène est confrontée à la difficulté d’une de ses élèves, Sally. Sally est d’une intelligence normale, elle ne présente aucun déficit diagnostiqué. Et pourtant, Sally ne lit pas. Comment Irène réagit-elle à cette difficulté ? Qu’est-ce que cet impossible de Sally met en jeu chez elle ? Pendant l’entretien clinique de Irène, nous sommes questionné·e·s par le discours de cette enseignante qui semble se focaliser sur l’attitude corporelle de ses élèves plutôt que sur les difficultés de Sally. Au sein des sciences de l’éducation, la didactique clinique centre son regard sur le sujet et, en tant qu’entrée d’orientation psychanalytique propose d’autres pistes compréhensives à la situation didactique. Dans ce cas, à un endroit où la didactique a trouvé ses limites et peine à expliquer et solutionner les difficultés de Sally, la didactique clinique, notamment au travers de l’utilisation du discours du maître de Lacan et du concept de plus-de-jouir, propose un autre regard sur la position de l’enseignante Irène, ce qui permet d’extrapoler des ouvertures vers la formation des maîtres.
Les appropriations hétérodoxes des œuvres dans l’éducation artistique et culturelle. Le cas d’un dispositif d’éducation au théâtre jeune public
Authors: Deslyper Rémi
Published: March 2022

Dans le prolongement de différents travaux qui ont déjà souligné que les appropriations effectives des objets et pratiques culturels non conformes aux attentes des responsables et intervenants des dispositifs d’éducation artistique et culturelle ne sont pas rares, notamment dans les populations adolescentes de milieux populaires, cet article se penche sur les appropriations effectives des œuvres par des enfants inscrits dans un dispositif d’éducation au théâtre jeune public. Après avoir montré que les enfants s’approprient les pièces auxquelles ils assistent selon une perspective éthico-pratique très éloignée du rapport formel-esthétique aux œuvres attendu dans le cadre du dispositif, nous nous penchons sur les causes de cette appropriation hétérodoxe. Nous mettons alors en évidence les difficultés du dispositif à transmettre, chez les enfants qui ne le possèdent pas déjà, et à activer, chez ceux qui y sont pourtant disposés, ce rapport formel-esthétique attendu face aux œuvres présentées.
Traité du management socio-économique
Authors: Harbi Nouria , Savall Henri , Zardet Véronique , Ziani Ridha
Published: March 2022

SEGESE est une application informatique majeure conçue au sein de l’ISEOR en 1987 pour supporter la réalisation de diagnostics socio-économiques. La méthode de conception de cette application et le rôle clé des utilisateurs dans le développement initial et dans l’enrichissement permanent depuis 35 ans de la base de connaissances sont des caractéristiques majeures et originales. Cet outil illustre le principe d’une numérisation « apprivoisée », les adaptations de rôles et de méthodes de travail des experts informatiques et des utilisateurs-experts en management socio-économique.
Traité du management socio-économique
Authors: Roche Alexis
Published: March 2022

Ce chapitre présente l’apport des thèses de doctorat préparées dans le centre de recherche international ISEOR depuis 46 ans. Il met en avant les contributions des thèses et de la recherche-intervention pour une science citoyenne, au service des praticiens et pas seulement des chercheurs. Il montre la variété des entreprises et organisations dans lesquelles ont été réalisées les recherches-interventions, ainsi que la diversité des problématiques traitées selon l’approche systémique du centre de recherche. Il présente enfin une grande variété de thématiques qui intéressent les entreprises et les organisations.
Traité du management socio-économique
Authors: Pérez Roland
Published: March 2022

Cette contribution tente de répondre aux questions suivantes : qu’est-ce qu’une école de pensée en sciences humaines et sociales en général et dans le champ des sciences économiques et de gestion plus particulièrement ? Comment se construisent-elles ? Comment se développent-elles ? Que deviennent-elles ? En utilisant cette grille d’analyse, comment situer l’ISEOR comme école de pensée dans le domaine socio-économique ? Pour celle-ci sont rappelées les conditions de sa création, son développement sur plusieurs décennies, ses activités et produits, sa reconnaissance institutionnelle
Traité du management socio-économique
Authors: Paysac Laurent , Paysac Bertrand , Sanchez Mélissa
Published: March 2022

Si l’on en croit la théorie marxiste, la recherche de profits conduit à l’exploitation capitaliste et à la lutte des classes. La théorie socio-économique montre au contraire que la recherche de performance économique est indissociable de la performance sociale. Ce chapitre présente le cas d’une PME lyonnaise, SLB Médical, qui conçoit et commercialise des dispositifs médicaux et articles de suremballage de produits médicaux. L’ISEOR accompagne cette PME depuis 2016 dans l’amélioration des conditions de vie professionnelle et le toilettage du fonctionnement interne. Ses réalisations marquantes illustrent qu’il est effectivement possible de gagner plus en travaillant mieux.
Traité du management socio-économique
Authors: Raphan Pierre-Alain
Published: March 2022

C’est en plantant des graines que l’on peut espérer admirer un jour la forêt. En politique, les réflexions, les idées, les projets sont ces graines qui permettent de cibler les causes racines de nos maux, de libérer les énergies, d’appréhender les grandes transitions (écologique, technologique, économique, managériale), de préparer le futur et de pouvoir envisager un monde durable. C’est tout le sens de chacune de ces actions au service des objectifs de développement durable. Ce quotidien politique démontre la complexité d’un système construit par les humains, qui pourrait les empêcher, à terme, d’assumer leurs responsabilités vis-à-vis des générations futures. J’espère que cette expérience en inspirera d’autres.
Traité du management socio-économique
Authors: Bertrand Laurent , Petit Renaud
Published: March 2022

L’écoute et la médiation sont des puissants leviers de succès pour la conduite de changement organisationnel. La transformation des nombreux conflits et résistances individuels, phénomènes naturels dans les organisations, en coopération est la principale réponse managériale pour obtenir la performance collective. Les résultats qualitatifs, quantitatifs et financiers remarquables de la mise en œuvre combinée du management socio-économique et de l’approche de la Communication Non Violente, au sein d’une institution du secteur sanitaire et social, en attestent. Le bon dosage des rôles de méthodologue/médiateur/thérapeute des managers est déterminant pour la réussite durable et continue de la coopération en milieu professionnel.
Traité du management socio-économique
Authors: Fernández Ruvalcaba Martha M. , Carrillo González Graciela
Published: March 2022

L’objectif du chapitre est d’analyser le projet d’un groupe de professeurs-chercheurs de la UAM dont le but était d’adopter et d’adapter la méthodologie ISEOR aux organisations mexicaines, pour expliquer les processus de changement à long terme dans des contextes dynamiques et fortement institutionnalisés. Nous étudions les apports de: E. Morin (Systèmes complexes); H. Maturana (Les organisations en tant que système social humain); et Powell & DiMaggio (Changement organisationnel selon le néo-institutionnalisme). On en conclut que l’évolution des institutions a généré un découplage entre les intérêts des professeurs et les objectifs du projet. Cependant, l’application de la théorie et du management socio-économiques a été préservée dans leurs recherches et cours.
Traité du management socio-économique
Authors: Bonnet Marc , Gourine Réda
Published: March 2022

Ce chapitre a pour objet de présenter le cas d’une école qui partage avec l’ISEOR une conception aristotélicienne de la science et de l’enseignement. Il s’agit de l’École des Hautes Études en Assurance d’Alger, avec laquelle l’ISEOR est en relation dont le directeur a préparé et soutenu sa thèse de doctorat de gestion dans le cadre du laboratoire ISEOR. Ce chapitre montre aussi l’importance de ce type d’école pour contribuer à l’évolution des professions et à la prospérité d’un pays.
Traité du management socio-économique
Authors: Baker Charles Richard , Cohanier Bruno
Published: March 2022

En utilisant une approche historique de la théorie des organisations, le but de ce chapitre est de montrer que les germes de l’Approche Socio-Économique du Management (SEAM) peuvent être repérés dès les travaux fondateurs sur la motivation au travail de l’École des Relations Humaines dans les années 1920. L’objectif principal de ce chapitre est de montrer que la théorie socio-économique contribue à gérer le problème de la réconciliation des aspects sociaux et économiques du management des entreprises que l’École des Relations Humaines n’a pas correctement traité et pour laquelle elle a été critiquée.
Traité du management socio-économique
Authors: Eid Jocelyne B. , El-Rahbani George N.
Published: March 2022

La notion de conformité et de respect des lois et des règlements a été reconnue sur le marché comme n’étant pas une simple fonction de back-office, mais comme quelque chose qui doit être intégré dans le tissu de l’organisation, en alignement avec les objectifs de performance, de manière à ce que l’organisation dans son ensemble puisse répondre aux obligations des différentes parties prenantes (Simons, 1994). Deux projets de recherche d’intervention socio-économique ont été entrepris dans une banque privée libanaise et une petite société de courtage d’assurance familiale (SFIBF) visant à améliorer la gestion de normes et de standards complexes. Deux interventions socio-économiques innovantes ont été conduites pas deux intervenants chercheurs, l’un interne et l’autre consultant, camarades de classe, qui partagent le même processus et l’expérience d’apprentissage. Ce double rôle a enrichi les résultats de l’intervention et le processus global.
Traité du management socio-économique
Authors: Peretti Jean-Marie , Frimousse Soufyane
Published: March 2022

Dans le contexte actuel d’accélération des transformations, les organisations doivent devenir agiles et mettre en place un écosystème d’apprenance, pour développer continuellement de nouvelles compétences de leurs collaborateurs et de les rendre talentueux. Il faut pour cela que chaque collaborateur devienne un « Serial Learner ». Le Serial Learner est celui qui possède la capacité de se former et d’apprendre en sortant des sentiers battus. L’essentiel est de créer les conditions pour que chacun apprenne. La question n’est plus de savoir quoi apprendre, mais comment susciter une dynamique d’apprentissage permanent. Comment faire pour que chaque situation de travail devienne apprenante et réduise les coûts cachés ? Il y a de nombreuses proximités entre l’apprenance et la formation intégrée développée par l’équipe de l’ISEOR sous la conduite du Professeur Savall.
Foi et raison : impossible réconciliation ?
Authors: Mendola Carmelo
Published: March 2022

La crise sanitaire a fait ressurgir le vieux clivage entre raison scientifique et foi religieuse. Mais de quelle foi et de quelle raison parlons-nous ? Cet article, fruit d’une conférence d’un pasteur au programme de formation interconvictionnel Emouna, s’attarde sur la nécessité de clarifier les termes du débat. Après avoir explicité les notions, un survol historique met en évidence plusieurs formes de relations entretenues au sein du couple raison et foi. Des précisions épistémologiques supplémentaires conduisent à souligner enfin les apports potentiels réciproques dans ce couple.
À propos des positions publiques de l’Ofii sur les soins dans les pays d’origine
Authors: Mestre Claire
Published: March 2022

Depuis 2017, les médecins de l’Ofii instruisent les demandes de séjour pour soins : les cliniciens et tous ceux qui accompagnent les étrangers malades ont alors vu le taux d’acceptation chuter. Ces rejets concernent particulièrement les maladies mentales ; des cliniciens s’en sont inquiétés. En effet, les avis rendus entrent en contradiction avec l’état clinique des patients soignés et les conditions envisageables pour leur amélioration. Quels sont les arguments brandis par les médecins de l’Ofii et en quoi appellent-ils à une nécessaire discussion ?