bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Automation of Critical Path Method using Machine Learning: A Conceptual Study
Authors: Aljumaili Othman
Published: July 2021

This research aims to shed light on the use of machine learning in improving, developing and automating the critical path method, solving its problems, studying this effect and its dimensions, and discussing that from many aspects.

The research is divided into two theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is concerned with studying the critical path method and its advantages, problems and challenges, as well as studying machine learning and artificial intelligence and its dimensions, reviewing materials and sources related to this, and then presenting suggestions and future solutions based on this study. As for the practical section, it is a questionnaire that targeted a segment of engineers, in particular, and others who have sufficient experience in both the critical path method and machine learning, and seeking their opinions on both topics.

The result of the theoretical research was 14 theories or proposals that were presented based on the foregoing study. As for the practical questionnaire, a sample of 127 was taken. Through statistical analysis, the results were analyzed and discussed separately, and then a conclusion was drawn regarding them.
Financial Development, Financial Openness and Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Bassey Christian E. , Okoi Okoiarikpo Benjamin , Imoh Ikpe Kingsley
Published: July 2021

This study examined the impact of financial development and financial openness on economic growth in Nigeria between 1981 and 2019. This was done through the use of the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. In doing this, the ratio of credit to the private sector to the GDP and broad money to narrow money were used as measures of financial development and financial openness respectively. The study found that financial development has a positive and insignificant impact on economic growth in Nigeria in the long and short-run. The study also found that financial openness has a negative and insignificant impact on economic growth in Nigeria in the long-run. The results of the study further revealed that simultaneous existence of financial development and financial openness has an insignificant but positive impact on economic growth in Nigeria in the long-run. Based on the findings, the study recommended that the CBN should increase its efforts towards the regulation and supervision of the financial sector to reduce the incidence of financial distress. The study also recommended that efforts to develop the mortgage and insurance sector and the capital market should be intensified through regulatory improvements, improvements in the instruments in use in the market as well as public enlightenment programs to increase awareness of the potentials of the mortgage, insurance and capital markets. The final recommendation made by the study is that more restrictions should be placed on the inflow of capital in and out of the country to guard against sudden capital flow reversals.
Novel Approach for Forecasting Sugarcane Crop Yield: A Real-Time Prediction
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Kapil Anil Kumar
Published: July 2021

Agriculture is an environment in which there is considerable confusion. Crop development depends largely on several variables, including climate, temperature, genetics, politics and economics. In addition, a huge number of raw agriculture statistics are available, but study of those details for estimating crop yield is quite challenging. The most challenging job is therefore to include accurate details and awareness about the raw farm data. In order to evaluate cultivation yield, data mining could customize data expertise. The objective of this study was to predict crop yields through the use of data mining technological advances. Moreover, this paper compared various classification algorithms and it is expected that the results of the study may enhance the actual yields of sugarcane in a wide number of tropical fields. The specifications used in the forecast were plot (soil size, plant area, rain distance, previous year's plant yield), sugar-cane characteristics (cane class and sort), crop cultivation procedure (normal water resource size, cultivation technique, disease management process, sort / procedure of fertilizer) as well as rain quantity.
Applying Convolutional-GRU for Term Deposit Likelihood Prediction
Authors: Dutta Shawni , Bose Payal , Goyal Vishal , Bandyopadhyay Samir Kumar
Published: July 2021

Banks are normally offered two kinds of deposit accounts. It consists of deposits like current/saving account and term deposits like fixed or recurring deposits.For enhancing the maximized profit from bank as well as customer perspective, term deposit can accelerate uplifting of finance fields. This paper focuses on likelihood of term deposit subscription taken by the customers. Bank campaign efforts and customer detail analysis caninfluence term deposit subscription chances. An automated system is approached in this paper that works towards prediction of term deposit investment possibilities in advance. This paper proposes deep learning based hybrid model that stacks Convolutional layers and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) layers as predictive model. For RNN, Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) is employed. The proposed predictive model is later compared with other benchmark classifiers such as k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Decision tree classifier (DT), and Multi-layer perceptron classifier (MLP). Experimental study concludesthat proposed model attainsan accuracy of 89.59% and MSE of 0.1041 which outperform wellother baseline models.
Evaluasi Nutrisi Tepung Ikan Rucah yang Diolah Menggunakan Probiotik dan Precursor-Prebiotik dalam ransum Ayam Broiler
Authors: Hendalia E. , Manin F. , Adriani Adriani
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas nutrisi tepung ikan rucah (TI) yang diolah menggunakan probiotik bakteri asam laktat (PRO) dikombinasikan dengan precursor prebiotik berupa bungkil kelapa (BK) atau bungkil inti sawit (BIS) dalam ransum ayam broiler. Sebanyak 384 ekor ayam umur satu hari (MB 202-P) unsexed, didistribusikan ke dalam 32 unit kandang koloni (12 ekor/unit), menurut rancangan acak lengkap faktorial 2 x 3 dengan empat ulangan (kecuali kontrol 8 ulangan). Faktor pertama adalah penggunaan 2 jenis TI (TI-PRO-BK dan TI-PRO-BIS), sedangkan faktor ke-dua adalah 3 taraf penggunaannya di dalam ransum (5%; 7,5%; dan 10%) menggantikan TI-KOM. Ransum kontrol diformulasikan menggunakan TI-KOM 10% (tanpa TI-PRO). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan TI-PRO-BK 10% dan TI-PRO-BIS 10% dalam ransum ayam broiler menghasilkan performan pertumbuhan, bobot karkas, bobot daging dada, dan efisiensi penggunaan protein yang nyata lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibandingkan TI-KOM 10%, namun tidak nyata dalam mempengaruhi jumlah Lactobacillus dan E. coli di dalam cairan usus. Disimpulkan bahwa TI-PRO-BK dan TI-PRO-BIS memiliki kualitas nutrisi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan TI-KOM, sehingga berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai sumber protein sekaligus sumber probiotik, prebiotik dan postbiotic dalam pakan ayam broiler.
Penganruh Penambahan Virgin Coconut Oil, Minyak Ikan dan Minyak Zaitun dalam Pengencer Tris terhadap Kualitas Semen Cair Babi Landrace
Authors: Lawa A. B. , Hine T. M. , Nalley W. M.
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan kombinasi pengencer dan antioksidan terbaik dalam pengencer tris dalam mempertahankan kualitas semen cair babi landrace. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan: P0 (tris kuning telur), P1 (tris kuning telur + VCO 6%), P2(tris kuning telur + minyak iakan 6%) dan P3(tris kuning telur + minyak zaitun 12%) dengan 5 kali ejakulat dari 3 ekor ternak babi Landrace jantan berumur 3-4 tahun. Semen segar yang ditampung dievaluasi secara makrosopis dan mikroskopis kemuadian diencerkan dan holding time selam 2 jam. Setelah holding time kemudian disimpan pada suhu 18-200C dan dievaluasi setiap 8 jam terhadap motilitas, viabilitas dan membran plasma utuh (MPU) hingga motilitas 40%. Hasil penelitian ini disimulkan bahwa kombinasi pengencer dan antioksidan terbaik dalam pengencer tris untuk mempertahankan kualitas semen babi landrace hingga jam ke-56 adalah P3:tris kuning telur + minyak zaitun 12% (T-KT + MZ) karena memiliki presentasi motilitas (44.00±1.41%), viabilitas (54.78±1.50%) dan MPU (55.66±1.64%) yang tertinggi dibandingkan dengan kombinasi pengencer lainyan.
Fermentasi Alang-Alang (Imperata cylindrica) sebagai Pakan Ternak Kerbau Rawa
Authors: Laksono J. , Ibrahim W.
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas nutrisi alang-alang yang di fermentasi sebagai pakan ternak kerbau.  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Musi Rawas pada bulan Juni sampai dengan bulan September 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Non Faktorial. Adapun faktor perlakuan sebaga iberikut. L1 : Mol Bonggol Pisang 20 ml, L2 : Mol Bonggol Pisang 25 ml,, L3 : Mol Bonggol Pisang 30 ml, L4 : Mol Bonggol Pisang 35 ml, L5 : Mol Bonggol Pisang 40 ml, L6 : Mol Bonggol Pisang 45 ml. Data yang  penelitian ini akan di analisis menggunakanan alisisis ragam (ANOVA), jika terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antara perlakuan maka akan dilakukan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT). Berdasarkan analisa ragam, menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan alang - alang sebagai pakan  ternak kerbau rawa berbasis fermentasi berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0.01)  pada parameter (pH), Protein Kasar, berpengaruh nyata (P<0.05) pada perlakuan serat kasar dan berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0.05) pada parameter kadar air dan bahan kering. Hasil penelitian yang di lakukan  menunjukan pengaruh positif  terhandap penurunan pH, menaikan kandungan  nilai protein kasar dan menurunkan kandungan serat kasar pada  fermentasi alang-alang sebagai pakan ternak kerbau rawa.
NILAI-NILAI RELIGIUS DALAM TINDAK TUTUR PADA PROSESI TEMU MANTEN UPACARA PERNIKAHAN ADAT JAWA DI KOTA MADIUN
Authors: Hidaya Ardian Al
Published: July 2021

In general, this study aims to get a clear description of the events of speech acts in procession Temu Manten Javanese Traditional Wedding Ceremony containing prayers at every stage. The focus of this study include the stages of the procession Temu Manten, meaning each procession Temu Manten, and speech acts that occur at each stage of the procession Temu Manten containing prayers. This study was conducted over 6 months, in the City of Madiun. Based on research problems that have been set, the design of the study is a qualitative research design. The study looked at every procession that held in Temu Manten, and seek information from several informants or sources that exist. Informants in this study are the Messiah Rias and Shaman Manten. Data collection techniques used in this research is interview, observation, recording technique, refer to the technical, and engineering notes, whereas the data analysis technique used is an interactive model. From the research findings related to the focus of the research results as follows: (1) the stages of the procession retrieval manten on Marriage Indigenous Java from three different locations in the City of Madiun, all of them have a sequence of steps that together, (2) any procession Temu Manten has meaning that contain a request to Allah SWT (3) there is a non-verbal speech acts, namely the prayer said over the heart at any stage in the procession Temu Manten. Thus it can be concluded that there are religious values in the Speech Acts in procession Temu Manten Javanese Traditional Wedding Ceremony
jurnal Nur sukmawati. I
Authors: Sukmawati. Nur
Published: July 2021

Dalam hal Laporan Keuangan, sudah merupakan kewajiban setiap perusahaan untuk membuat dan melaporkan keuangan perusahaannya pada suatu periode tertentu. Laporan keuangan juga akan menentukan langkah apa yang dilakukan perusahaan sekarang dan ke depan, dengan melihat berbagai persoalan yang ada baik kelemahan maupun kekuatan yang dimilikinya. Tujuan penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi laporan keuangandalam bidang perusahaan sektor perdagangan, jasa dan investasi di masa covid-19.
Social Evolution as Moral Truth Tracking in Natural Law
Authors: Faria Filipe Nobre , Campos André Santos
Published: July 2021

Morality can be adaptive or maladaptive. From this fact come polarising disputes on the meta-ethical status of moral adaptation. The realist tracking account of morality claims that it is possible to track objective moral truths and that these truths correspond to moral rules that are adaptive. In contrast, evolutionary anti-realism rejects the existence of moral objectivity and thus asserts that adaptive moral rules cannot represent objective moral truths, since those truths do not exist. This article develops a novel evolutionary view of natural law to defend the realist tracking account. It argues that we can identify objective moral truths via cultural group selection and that adaptive moral rules are likely to reflect such truths.
Analisis Laporan keunangan Untuk Menilai Kinerja Pada PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk
Authors: Battung Yola
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian dilakukan untuk mengukur dan menganalisis kinerja keuangan PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dan menggunakan metode pengumpulan data yaitu teknik dokumentasi. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data laporan keuangan PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk yang dilaporkan kepada Bank Indonesia dan telah dipublikasikan oleh Bursa Efek Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data tersebut, diperoleh kesimpulan CAMEL sebagai analisis kesehatan bank yang menggunakan rasio CAR pada permodalan, rasio KAPpada kualitas aset, rasio NPM pada manajemen, rasio ROA dan BOPO pada rentabilitas,serta rasio LDR pada likuiditas. Dari hasil penilaian kinerja keuangan keuangan dan kaitannya dengan rasio CAMEL, maka dapatlah dikatakan bahwa selama 3 tahun terakhir (tahun 2019-2020) yang menunjukkan bahwa kinerja keuangan yang dicapai oleh PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk,berada pada predikat sehat.
Cảm nhận lịch sử theo cách của người có tuổi
Authors: Vuong Quan-Hoang
Published: July 2021

Hơn một thập kỷ nào phải ngắn, nếu không nói là rất dài. Với cầu thủ bóng đá, đó có thể là một thế hệ sân cỏ. Với một nhà nghiên cứu xã hội, thời gian đó có thể đủ (thậm chí dư) để hoàn thành những tác phẩm tâm nguyện cho đời mình. Ngẫm tiếp sẽ thấy sự kỳ diệu của đổi thay còn nhiều hơn thế nữa...
ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PT. PEGADAIAN (PERSERO)CABANG TALASALAPANG DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Aswad Nur Hajar
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja keuangan pada PT.Pegadaian (Persero) Cabang Talasalapang di Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif deskriptif yaitu menjelaskan rasio keuangan yang terdiri dari rasio likuiditas, rasio solvabilitas, rasio aktivitas, dan rasio profitabilitas yang terjadi dalam perusahaan pada tahun 2014-2017. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah laporan keuangan PT. Pegadaian (Persero) Cabang Talasalapang di Kota Makassar selama empat tahun terakhir (2014- 2017) sekaligus menjadi sampel pada penelitian ini. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara dan dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja keuangan pada PT.Pegadaian (Persero) Cabang Talasalapang di Kota Makassar selama empat tahun terakhir dalam kondisi baik. Pengukuran kinerja keuangan dengan menggunakan Rasio likuiditas yang terdiri dari current ratio dan quick ratio menunjukkan kinerja keuangan sangat baik karena berada di atas rata-rata standar industri. Namun cash rasio pada tahun 2015 dinilai dalam keadaan kurang baik karena dibawah rata-rata standar industri disebabkan oleh meningkatnya hutang lancar dibandingkan kas pada tahun sebelumnya. Rasio solvabilitas yang terdiridari debt to assets ratio perusahaan pada tahun 2015-2017 mengalami fluktuasi, jika rata-rata standar industri 35% maka kondisi perusahaan dinilai sangat baik. Rasio aktivitas yang terdiri dari total asset turn over dan perputaran persediaan menunjukkan kinerja keuangan perusahaan berdasarkan laporan keuangan pada tahun 2014-2017 dalam keadaan baik. Rasio profitabilitas yang terdiri dari Return on Assets dinilai dalam keadaan yang baik karena kemampuan aktiva yang diinvestasikan untuk berputar dalam menghasilkan laba sangat tinggi. Kinerja keuangan perusahaan tergolong sangat baik, bila diukur dengan menggunakan return on assets.
Perspektif Hukum Islam Terhadap Pasar Modal Syariah Sebagai Alternatif Investasi Bagi Investor
Authors: Taha Muh. Ridwan
Published: July 2021

Kehidupan sosial ekonomi Islam, termasuk investasi tidak dapat dilepaskan dari prinsip-prinsip syariah. Di pasar modal syariah, aktivitas mengejar harta kekayaan senantiasa dibarengi dengan mengingat Allah SWT. Penelitian ini mengkaji konsep investasi menurut hukum Islam, sehingga dapat diketahui perbedaan antara investasi dan spekulasi menurut syariah. Serta diketahui pula bagaimana perspektif hukum Islam terhadap pasar modal syariah. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif, analisisnya bersifat kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam investasi syariah unsur kemaslahatan dunia dan akhirat mempunyai prioritas yang utama, sehingga investasi bertujuan jangka panjang. Sementara spekulasi bertujuan hanya untuk mencari untung dalam jangka pendek tanpa memperhatikan kepentingan orang lain serta sering kali menggunakan cara-cara yang melanggar aturan yang berlaku. Hukum Islam sangat mendorong aktivitas investasi di pasar modal syariah. Hal ini didukung oleh konsep dasar hukum Islam dalam Al Quran, hadis, fikih dan pendapat para ulama.
Jejak Jalur Rempah Dalam Penamaan Nama Tempat Di Kawasan Banten Lama: Tinjauan Sejarah Dan Toponimi
Authors: Wibowo Tubagus Umar Syarif Hadi
Published: July 2021

Kawasan Banten Lama sepanjang Abad ke-16 merupakan pusat Kesultanan Banten yang mengalami kemajuan pesat dalam perniagaan sekaligus menjadi salah satu pusat jalur rempah dengan komoditi utama perdagangan ketika itu lada. Perannya sebagai kawasan jalur rempah sebagai titik penghubung (connecting point) dan titik perjumpaan (meeting point) antara masyarakat setempat (hinterland) dengan dunia luar (foreland). Konektivitas di sekitar jalur rempah itu membawa dampak pada akulturasi budaya masyarakat Banten yang majemuk. Salah satu dampaknya adalah Sejarah Penamaan nama tempat di Kawasan Banten Lama yang tidak dapat dilepaskan dari pengaruh aktivitas perdagangan jalur Rempah. Sejarah penamaan nama tempat (toponimi) tidak dapat dilepaskan dari keberadaan kawasan Banten Lama pada abad ke-16 sebagai pusat jalur rempah yang memberikan jejak yang cukup signifikan pada keberadaan nama tempat di Kawasan Banten Lama pada masa kini, seperti "Kampung Pamarican" yang berasal dari kata merica atau lada. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian sejarah dan toponimi yang bertujuan mendapatkan fakta sejarah penamaan nama tempat yang memiliki keterkaitan dengan jejak jalur rempah di Kawasan Banten Lama. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan sumber data yang ditemukan dari studi literatur dan studi lapangan. Hasil temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penamaan nama tempat yang dipengaruhi oleh jejak Jalur Rempah di Kawasan Banten Lama dapat terbagi dalam tiga kategori yaitu toponimi berdasarkan komunitas etnis yang bermukim, toponimi berdasarkan kegiatan perdagangan, dan toponimi berdasarkan elite perdagangan. Sebagian nama-nama tempat tersebut masih digunakan hingga kini bahkan beberapa masyarakat dari etnis luar Banten yang bermukim masih mewariskan tradisi leluhurnya
ANALISIS RASIO TERHADAP LIKUIDITAS, SOLVABILITAS, PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Lrns
Published: July 2021

ANALISIS RASIO TERHADAP LIKUIDITAS, SOLVABILITAS, PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
A Conceptual Review of Identity Integration Across Adulthood
Authors: Mitchell Lauren , Adler Jonathan M , Carlsson Johanna , Eriksson Py Liv , Syed Moin
Published: July 2021

Though Erikson recognized identity development as a lifelong project, most research on identity has focused on adolescents and emerging adults. Less is known about how the identity formed in adolescence is maintained and adapted across the adult lifespan. The purpose of the present paper is to provide a conceptual review and elaboration of Erikson's (1968) theory focused on identity integration, a construct that is particularly relevant to adult identity development. Identity integration describes the process of bringing together various aspects of one's self into a coherent whole, and the sense of self-continuity and wholeness that emerges as a result of these processes. Informed by the identity and lifespan development literatures, we present a conceptual framework that describes how identity integration is maintained across the adult lifespan, and how it is re-established when changing life circumstances present threats to an individual's identity. These maintenance and re-establishment processes help to support adults' well-being and adaptation to major life transitions and stressful events. This conceptual framework is intended to facilitate research on identity integration in adulthood, a time of life that has been less often studied in the identity literature, but that can involve identity dynamics that are just as critical as those in adolescence.
Maintained goal-directed control with overtraining on ratio schedules
Authors: Garr Eric , Padovan-Hernandez Yasmin , Janak Patricia , Delamater Andrew R
Published: July 2021

It is thought that goal-directed control of actions weakens or becomes masked by habits over time. We tested the opposing hypothesis that goal-directed control becomes stronger over time, and that this growth is modulated by the overall action-outcome contiguity. Despite group differences in action-outcome contiguity early in training, rats trained under random and fixed ratio schedules showed equivalent goal-directed control of lever pressing that appeared to grow over time. We confirmed that goal-directed control was maintained after extended training under another type of ratio schedule—continuous reinforcement—using specific satiety and taste aversion devaluation methods. These results add to the growing literature showing that extensive training does not reliably weaken goal-directed control and that it may strengthen it, or at least maintain it.
Development and Evaluation of the High-Intensity Interval Training Self-Efficacy Questionnaire
Authors: Eather Narelle , Beauchamp Mark R. , Rhodes Ryan E. , Diallo Thierno , Smith Jordan J , Jung Mary , Plotnikoff Ronald , Noetel Michael , Harris Nigel , Graham Emily , Lubans David
Published: July 2021

This study involved the design and evaluation of the High-Intensity Interval Training Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (HIIT-SQ). Phase 1: Questionnaire items were developed. Phase 2: Australian adolescents (N = 389, 16.0 ± 0.4 years, 41.10% female) completed the HIIT-SQ, and factorial validity of the measurement model was explored. Phase 3: Adolescents (N = 100, age 12–14 years, 44% female) completed the HIIT-SQ twice (1 week apart) to evaluate test–retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis of the final six items (mean = 3.43–6.73, SD = 0.99–25.30) revealed adequate fit, χ2(21) = 21, p = .01, comparative fit index = .99, Tucker–Lewis index = .99, root mean square of approximation = .07, 90% confidence interval [.04, .11]. Factor loading estimates showed that all items were highly related to the factor (estimates range: 0.81–0.90). Intraclass coefficients and typical error values were .99 (95% confidence interval [.99, 1.00]) and .22, respectively. This study provides preliminary evidence for the validity and reliability of scores derived from the HIIT-SQ in adolescents.
Tutorial: How to Generate Missing Data For Simulation Studies
Authors: Zhang Xijuan
Published: July 2021

Missing data are common in psychological and educational research. With the improvement in computing technology in recent decades, more researchers begin developing missing data techniques. In their research, they often conduct Monte Carlo simulation studies to compare the performances of different missing data techniques. During such simulation studies, researchers must generate missing data in the simulated dataset by deciding which data values to delete. However, in the current literature, there are few guidelines on how to generate missing data for simulation studies. Our paper is one of the first papers that examines ways of generating missing data for simulation studies. We emphasize the importance of specifying missing data rules which are statistical models for generating missing data. We begin the paper by reviewing the types of missing data mechanisms and missing data patterns. We then explain how to specify missing data rules to generate missing data with different mechanisms and patterns. We end the paper by presenting recommendations for generating missing data for simulation studies.
Matching batterer typologies with their risk of recidivism: Boosting the applicability of typological research
Authors: González-Álvarez José Luis , Soldino Virginia , Santos-Hermoso Jorge , Carbonell-Vayá Enrique J.
Published: July 2021

In order to improve the applicability of criminal typologies, Spanish intimate partner violence against women offender subtypes (i.e., high instability/high antisociality, HiHa; low instability/high antisociality, LiHa, high instability/low antisociality, HiLa; low instability/low antisociality, LiLa) were matched with their police recidivism outcomes in a longitudinal study of 9,672 cases extracted from the VioGén System. Individuals with high antisociality features showed the highest recidivism (26.5% HiHa; 22.6% LiHa) and multi-recidivism rates (10.7% HiHa; 8.1% LiHa), and were more likely to be reported for new severe violent episodes against their victims (8.1% LiHa; 7.7% HiHa;) and to violate the protective orders imposed (28.8% HiHa; 28.1% LiHa). Following risk-need-responsivity principles, HiHa and LiHa offenders should be assigned higher intensity treatment programs than LiLa and HiLa individuals. Additionally, the risk posed by all offender subtypes decreased during the follow-up period; however, HiHa offenders presented with the highest risk over time and had a longer police monitoring. Considering this, law enforcement agencies should deploy the most intense police protection measures for victims of HiHa individuals. With regard to prison data, individuals with greater antisociality (HiHa and LiHa) and criminal versatility (generalist batterers) were the most represented in prison; therefore, it would be advisable to include therapeutic ingredients for common offenders in prison-based batterer intervention programs.
Atypical genotype in a typical phenotype
Authors: D Shirodkar
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Usually, onset of thelarche heralds puberty. Delayed puberty is worrisome and needs medical attention. Our patient in her late adolescence presented with primary amenorrhea, whose evaluation left us surprised. Case report: An eighteen-year-old scholastically backward girl, presented with complaints of not attaining menarche. Physical examination included a height of 156 cm(10th-25thcentile),weight 51 kg(50th centile), wide carrying angle, multiple nevi and a broad chest, however no other Turner stigmata was noted. Her sexual maturity rating (SMR) was A2P2B1 Laboratory investigations revealed increased gonadotropins (FSH:77mIU/ml; LH:25.4mIU/ml), low estradiol (14 pg/ml) and vitamin-D deficiency (21ng/ml). Ultrasonography of abdomen-pelvis showed small infantile uterus with streak ovaries. Karyotype (50 metaphases) demonstrated mosaicism [47,XXX (29)/45,X(19)/46,XX(2)]. Hormone replacement therapy and vitamin D replacement was initiated. Conclusion: 30-40% of the Turner syndrome are mosaics, the most common being 45,X/46,XX. Mosaicism is the presence of 2 or more cell lines with different chromosomal constitutions. The cell lines are derived due mostly to postzygotic mitotic nondisjunction. X/XX/XXX can present with or without classical turner stigmata. Trisomy X has a spectrum of presentation from normal menses and fertility to recurrent abortions and primary/secondary amenorrhea (primary ovarian insufficiency). Varied clinical phenotype due to three cell lines in a Turner mosaic makes this case unique.
Sex hormones as an emerging weapon to combat COVID-19
Authors: Mukherjee Dattatreya
Published: July 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started as an epidemic in Wuhan in 2019 and was declared pandemic by WHO in March 2020. The virus has been identified and named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This novel coronavirus strain is the causative agent of COVID-19, and continues to rapidly spread worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 is a highly pathogenic and transmissible coronavirus that spreads through respiratory droplets and unprotected close contact. “COVID‑19 outbreak, which has caused >95 million confirmed infections and >2 million coronavirus related deaths, is one of the most disastrous worldwide crises in recent years. Several methods have been used to examine SARS-CoV-2 infections.” i.e. RT-qPCR for viral RNA detection, and rapid screening procedures for antibody or virus detection. COVID-19 shows an incubation period of 3–7 days globally. Approximately 80% of the cases remain mild or asymptomatic, 15% are severe and 5% infectious cases turn to critical, requiring ventilation [2]. Several clinical trials have been proposed for its treatment and management with supportive aim of mortality reduction [1]. By glancing a view on fig 1, it can be evidently seen that COVID-19 cases have started to rise significantly since last few months. Furthermore, as per World Health Organization (WHO), there have been 131,020,967 confirmed cases of COVID-19 at a global level recently.
Effects of Metformin on Clinical outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Covid-19
Authors: Mikhail Nasser
Published: July 2021

Background: The effects of metformin therapy on the prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are unclear. Objective: To review effects of metformin on clinical outcomes, particularly mortality, in patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19. Methods: Review of English literature by PUBMED search until April 20, 2021. Search terms included diabetes, COVID-19, metformin, Retrospective studies, meta-analyses, pertinent reviews, and consensus guidelines are reviewed. Results: All available studies in this area are retrospective. Two population-based studies did not find significant association between metformin use and susceptibility to COVID-19. Most, but not all studies, suggest that metformin use prior to hospital admission might be associated with significant decrease in mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19. Continuing metformin use after hospital admission did not have significant impact on COVID-19 related death but may decrease risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Meanwhile, in-hospital metformin administration may be associated with approximately 4.6 times increase risk of lactic acidosis in patients with severe symptoms of COVID-19, patients taking ≥2 gm/d of metformin, and patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 ml/min/1.73 kg/m2. Conclusions: Although most retrospective studies suggest that metformin administration may be associated with decreased risk of COVID-19 mortality, these data should be confirmed by randomized trials. In patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19 admitted to the hospital, metformin use should be avoided in presence of severe symptoms of COVID-19, kidney dysfunction (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2), and in daily doses of ≥ 2 gm due to increased risk of lactic acidosis.
Mechanistic Insights into Immunological Therapy for Targeting Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Qamar Imteyaz
Published: July 2021

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication amongst patients that have diabetes. It is a leading cause of blindness in middle age people. A large proportion of patients who have diabetes develop retinopathy. There are several immunological reasons associated with the pathophysiology of this disease. Role of several mediators that increase the oxidative stress and have a pro-inflammatory effect which leads to capillary occlusion and neovascularization (NV). Increased vasopermeability due to disruption of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) leading to diabetic macular edema (DME). Immunotherapies utilise different compounds and target various inflammatory molecules like TNF-α and pathways such as PPARγ for treatment of this progressive disease. Inflammatory and pro-inflammatory pathways are found to have an essential role in promoting DR; therefore, targeting them provides a useful technique for curing DR.
Thyroid Gland Abscess: Uncommon complication
Authors: Boumendil Ikrame
Published: July 2021

The thyroid gland is naturally resistant to infectious processes, which explains the rarity of thyroid abscess. It represent about 0.1% of the surgical thyroid pathology. We report in this article a case of thyroid gland abscess in a 61 year-old man who was followed for diabetes and hypothyroidism with poor adherence, who consulted in emergency department for acute neck swelling. CT scan showed a fluid collection of the left thyroid lobe. The patient was operated, and histopathological examination concluded of laryngeal carcinoma associated to thyroid papillary carcinoma.
Clinical Performance of Intramedullary Nailing system for Tibia Fractures: A Retrospective study
Authors: Kumar Prashant
Published: July 2021

Background: The tibia, or shinbone, is the common fracture long bone in body. There are two option includes, reamed and unreamed of surgical treatment of fractures. Reamed nail has some advantage but they significantly harmful the endosteal circulation. Unreamed nail surplus the endosteal circulation but provide a less stable fixation. Afterward, because of ability to lock the nail proximally and distally, closed intramedullary nailing turned into an acknowledged treatment for closed shaft cracks during the ninth decade. Aim: The main objective is to treat the tibia fractures by implanting the Intramedullary nailing system (Interlocking cannulated tibia nail and Expert tibia nail) manufactured by Auxein Medical Private Limited, Sonipat, India. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, studied the results of intramedullary tibia nail in treatment of tibia fracture. A total of 25 consecutive patients were included in this study (11male, 14 female and average age 42.9 years). Fracture type was classified as per the Muller AO classification of fracture. Results: The outcomes of clinical treatment were obtained in our study; No pain (92%), Mild pain (8%) after 2 year follow up. The follow up of patients were taken on 4-week, 1-year, 2-year according to VAS score. Paired t test was performed for statistical data analysis using Minitab and values of p<.05 were taken to indicate significant value with confidence interval of 95%. No implant related problem have been found like loosening, bending, corrosion etc. Conclusion: Our outcomes with interlocking cannulated and Expert tibial interlocking nailing are empowering and exhibit the advantages of new nailing framework. It has been concluded that intramedullary tibia nailing system is best method for treatment of tibia fracture with good results and outcomes.
Amelogenesis Imperfecta from Diagnosis to Rehabilitation-A Case Report
Authors: Andrade Rodrigo Soares de
Published: July 2021

During odontogenesis, enamel is normally synthesized as an extracellular matrix, a phenomenon known as amelogenesis. The failure of this process can lead to malformation of dental enamel, called Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI). AI, by causing a qualitative and/or quantitative deficiency of dental enamel, presents characteristics such as hypersensitivity, unsatisfactory aesthetics, reduced vertical dimension, anterior open bite, plaque accumulation, and greater susceptibility to caries and gingivitis. Thus, our objective is to report a case of AI, describing the main characteristics of the disease, the diagnosis and the rehabilitative treatment plan, aiming to improve the patient's aesthetics and reestablishing the function of the stomatognathic system. Patient M.A.S.B., female, 5 years old, leucoderma, was admitted at the University of Patos de Minas Dental Clinic with a complaint of pain in the teeth. During the clinical interview, the person in charge reported that the child's teeth had the same defects as those of her mother and brother. During clinical examination it was observed: generalized loss of tooth structure, color change, rough surfaces and hypersensitivity. Treatment involved restorations with glass ionomer cement and composite resin, extraction of residual roots from the maxillary incisors, and confection of a functional and aesthetic space maintainer. Early diagnosis associated with the correct treatment plan is essential for a more conservative approach focused on preventing the effects of AI. In advanced cases, restoring function and aesthetics is paramount to improve the patient's quality of life.
A Rare Successful Multidisciplinary Team Management of Pontine Hemorrhage in Third Trimester of Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Fessehaye Abraham
Published: July 2021

Pontine hemorrhage, a form of intracranial hemorrhage, is most commonly due to long standing poorly-controlled chronic hypertension. It carries a very poor prognosis. We report a 32 years-old pregnant mother who had a pontine hemorrhage in third trimester and was successfully managed with a multidisciplinary approach.
Microcontroller Implementation, Chaos Control, Synchronization and Antisynchronization of Josephson Junction Model
Authors: Fotsa Rolande Tsapla , Rodrigue Tchamda André , Kemnang Tsafack Alex Stephane , Takougang Kingni Sifeu
Published: July 2021

The microcontroller implementation, chaos control, synchronization, and antisynchronization of the nonlinear resistive-capacitive-inductive shunted Josephson junction (NRCISJJ) model are reported in this paper. The dynamical behavior of the NRCISJJ model is performed using phase portraits, and time series. The numerical simulation results reveal that the NRCISJJ model exhibits different shapes of hidden chaotic attractors by varying the parameters. The existence of different shapes of hidden chaotic attractors is confirmed by microcontroller results obtained from the microcontroller implementation of the NRCISJJ model. It is theoretically demonstrated that the two designed single controllers can suppress the hidden chaotic attractors found in the NRCISJJ model. Finally, the synchronization and antisynchronization of unidirectional coupled NRCISJJ models are studied by using the feedback control method.  Thanks to the Routh Hurwitz stability criterion, the controllers are designed in order to control chaos in JJ models and achieved synchronization and antisynchronization between coupled NRCISJJ models. Numerical simulations are shown to clarify and confirm the control, synchronization, and antisynchronization.
A validation & verification driven ontology: An iterative process
Authors: Espinoza Angelina , Del-Moral Ernesto , Martínez-Martínez Alfonso , Alí Nour
Published: July 2021

Designing an ontology that meets the needs of end-users, e.g., a medical team, is critical to support the reasoning with data. Therefore, an ontology design should be driven by the constant and efficient validation of end-users needs. However, there is not an existing standard process in knowledge engineering that guides the ontology design with the required quality. There are several ontology design processes, which range from iterative to sequential, but they fail to ensure the practical application of an ontology and to quantitatively validate end-user requirements through the evolution of an ontology. In this paper, an ontology design process is proposed, which is driven by end-user requirements, defined as Competency Questions (CQs). The process is called CQ-Driven Ontology DEsign Process (CODEP) and it includes activities that validate and verify the incremental design of an ontology through metrics based on defined CQs. CODEP has also been applied in the design and development of an ontology in the context of a Mexican Hospital for supporting Neurologist specialists. The specialists were involved, during the application of CODEP, in collecting quality measurements and validating the ontology increments. This application can demonstrate the feasibility of CODEP to deliver ontologies with similar requirements in other contexts.
Axillary staging should be routine in primary rhabdomyosarcoma of breast: A rare case report and review of literature
Authors: Bharath S. , Lodhi Naresh , Yadav Sanjay Kumar , Silodia Ashutosh , Baghel Arvind , Bhatia Neeta
Published: July 2021

INTRODUCTION: Primary rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of breast is an uncommon entity and axillary lymph node (ALN) involvement is exceedingly rare. METHODS: Herein, we are reporting a case of RMS of breast with ALN metastasis in an adolescent girl. We searched Pubmed and Cochrane databases with keywords rhabdomyosarcoma and breast. All studies published in English language literature were included. Articles describing metastatic involvement of breast with RMS were excluded. RESULT: The initial search yielded a total of 8468 studies, out of which 03 were found to be duplicate. 8420 studies were excluded based on title and abstract as they did not fulfill inclusion criteria. Full text of the remaining 48 studies was screened. After full text screening, 26 case reports describing primary breast RMS were included. Overall 21% patients had axillary lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION: Axillary staging should be considered in every patient undergoing surgery for breast RMS. However, it’s impact on recurrence and survival could not be determined based on current review.
Self-swelling tissue expander for soft tissue reconstruction in the craniofacial region: An in vitro and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Chang Yili , Zhang Fubao , Liu Feng , Shi Lianshui , Zhang Lin , Zhu Hongshui
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Craniofacial soft-tissue defects mostly have an impact on the treatment of various oral diseases. Tissue expander is an important technique for tissue reconstruction, especially for soft tissues in reconstructive surgery. OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to develop a new self-swelling tissue expander, namely hydrogel, for soft tissue reconstruction in craniofacial region. METHODS: In vitro, the chemical and physical characteristics of hydrogel were evaluated by SEM, swelling rate, mechanical testing, EDS, and FT-IR. In vivo, the craniofacial implant model of SD rats were divided into group A as control, group B with hydrogels for 1 week expansion, group C for 2 weeks and group D for 4 weeks (n = 5), and the effects were analyzed by HE staining, histological and radiographic evaluation. RESULTS: The in vitro results suggested that dry hydrogel possessed a uniform surface with micropores, the surface of post-swelling hydrogel formed three-dimensional meshwork. Within 24 hours, hydrogels expanded markedly, then slowed down. The mechanical property of hydrogels with longer expansion was better, whose main elements were carbon and oxygen. FT-IR also verified its molecular structure. In vivo, the wounds of rats recovered well, hydrogels could be removed as one whole piece with original shape and examined by radiographic evaluation, besides, the expanded skin and developed fibrous capsule formed surrounding hydrogels. CONCLUSION: The new expander was designed successfully with good chemical and physical characteristics, and could be applied in an animal model to help tissue reconstruction.
Qualitative Analysis of the Cognition and Flow (CoGFlowS) Study: An Individualized Approach to Cognitive Training for Dementia Is Needed
Authors: Beishon Lucy , Haunton Victoria , Subramaniam Hari , Mukaetova-Ladinska Elizabeta B. , Panerai Ronney B. , Robinson Thompson , Evley Rachel
Published: July 2021

Background: Cognitive training (CT) may have benefits for both healthy older adults (HC) and those with early cognitive disorders [mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia]. However, few studies have qualitatively evaluated home-based, computerized CT programs. Objective: We present the qualitative arm of a feasibility randomized controlled trial evaluating a CT program for HC and people living with MCI or dementia. Methods: Participants underwent semi-structured interviews after 12 weeks of CT. Where possible, participants were interviewed with their carers. The interview schedule and analysis were underpinned by the health belief model. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, open-coded, and categorized into themes. The analytical framework was developed, and themes were condensed under five major categories: benefits, barriers, threat, self-efficacy, and cues to action. Results: 37 participants underwent interviews. CT was feasible and acceptable to participants. Benefits included: enjoyment, improved awareness, benchmarking cognitive function, reassurance of abilities and giving back control. Barriers were more prevalent among those with dementia: problems with technology, frustration, conflict between patients and carers, apathy and lack of insight, anxiety or low mood, and lack of portability. HC and MCI perceived the severity of dementia risk as high, partially mitigated by CT. Participants living with dementia valued a more individualized approach to training, accounting for baseline characteristics. Conclusion: CT was a feasible intervention for HC and people living with dementia and MCI. Benefits were present, but the identified barriers need to be addressed for CT to be implemented successfully.
Homotopy perturbation approach for Ohmic dissipation and mixed convection effects on non-Newtonian nanofluid flow between two co-axial tubes with peristalsis
Authors: Eldabe Nabil T. , Abou-zeid Mohamed Y. , Abosaliem Adel , Elenna Ahmed , Hegazy Nada
Published: July 2021

In this study, the effects of internal heat generation and mixed convection with thermal radiation on peristaltic motion of a non-Newtonian fluid are investigated. The fluid used is third-grade model. The flow is through the gap between two co-axial vertical tubes under the effect of radially varying magnetic field. The outer tube is flexible with sinusoidal deformations. The problem is modulated mathematically by a system of partial differential equations which describes the equations of momentum, heat transfer and nanoparticles concentration which are simplified by using long wave length and low-Reynolds number assumptions. The closed solutions of fluid temperature and nanoparticle concentration are obtained, and the solution of velocity is obtained by using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The radially varying magnetic field effect on the axial velocity is discussed and it is shown that the increase of magnetic field parameter tends to reduce the fluid flow.