bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pituitary macroadenoma apoplexy as a rare complication of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor in chronic lymphoid leukaemia
Authors: Gomaa Aysha , Skelly Robert
Published: October 2023

Background

Pituitary apoplexy is a neurosurgical emergency and is a known yet rare complication of pituitary macroadenoma. Patients typically present with visual field defects, headache and altered sensorium. There are multiple risk factors for this complication and a thorough drug history is essential to exclude iatrogenic causes of disease. We present an extremely rare case of newly diagnosed pituitary insufficiency unveiled by ibrutinib therapy (a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor). Furthermore, after initial withdrawal of ibrutinib because of the erroneous diagnosis of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH), its re-administration led to the development of classical pituitary apoplexy 4 months after treatment was restarted.

Case presentation

A male patient in his 60s with a background of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) on ibrutinib and venetoclax presents with acute confusion and deranged electrolytes. He is found to be hyponatraemic and is diagnosed with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) and treated with fluid restriction. He represents again 3 weeks later with hyponatraemia and further investigations reveal pituitary insufficiency and macroadenoma. He was restarted on ibrutinib and venetoclax at the time of discharge.

Four months later, he presents with sudden retro-orbital headache associated with vomiting. Clinical findings include cranial nerve III, IV and XI palsy. Humphrey’s visual field examination revealed a left visual field index (VFI) of only 1% while the right was 64% with temporal hemianopia. Both pupils were mid-dilated and poorly reactive to light. MRI pituitary with contrast showed features of pituitary apoplexy and optic nerve compression. He was urgently referred to the neurosurgical team and underwent an emergency trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy with circumferential excision of the macroadenoma. Post-operative recovery was uneventful with marked improvement in vision bilaterally.

The patient was restarted on ibrutinib and venetoclax 2 weeks post-operatively. Approximately 1 year post-treatment, he remains in radiological, clinical and biochemical remission from CLL and all medications have been withdrawn.

Conclusions

This is a unique and rare case of pituitary macroadenoma apoplexy following the commencement of ibrutinib for CLL. Central nervous system haemorrhage is a rare side effect of ibrutinib due to its platelet dysfunction effects. A thorough assessment is required to assess the risks and benefits of using ibrutinib in patients with pituitary macroadenoma to avoid serious complications.
Predictors of culture-negative peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis: a single center, retrospective study
Authors: Shima Hisato , Okamoto Takuya , Tashiro Manabu , Inoue Tomoko , Wariishi Seiichiro , Bando Hiroyasu , Azuma Hiroyuki , Iwasaka Naohito , Ohara Takuji , Doi Toshio , Okada Kazuyoshi , Minakuchi Jun
Published: October 2023

Background

Empirical antibiotic treatment against peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis should be immediately initiated before PD effluent culture results are obtained. As culture results guide the choice of antibiotics, culture-negative peritonitis (CNP) is a serious issue. In addition, the identification of the causative organism often indicates a possible source of infection. This study aimed to clarify the predictors of CNP.

Methods

This single-center, retrospective study was conducted from November 2007–December 2018 in patients undergoing PD with peritonitis at our institution, where 204 peritonitis episodes (57 culture-negative, 147 culture-positive) were investigated based on demographics, and clinical parameters. CNP predictors were investigated using logistic regression.

Results

CNP rate was significantly higher in female and in patients with higher platelet counts, lower dialysate cell counts at peritonitis diagnosis, and higher serum β2-microglobulin levels. In multivariate logistic regression, female sex (odds ratio [OR] 2.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31–5.54), dialysate cell count at diagnosis (OR0.99, 95% CI 0.99–0.99), and serum β2-microglobulin level (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00–1.07) were significantly associated with CNP. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for female patients, dialysate cell counts at diagnosis of peritonitis, serum β2-microglobulin level, and female patients + dialysate cell counts at diagnosis of peritonitis + serum β2-microglobulin level were 0.604, 0.694, 0.603, and 0.751, respectively.

Conclusions

Female sex, dialysate cell counts at peritonitis diagnosis, and serum β2-microglobulin levels may be predictors of CNP.
Metformin reduces the cellular DNA repair capacity and enhances the effect of curcumin on the induction of apoptosis in AGS gastric cancer cells
Authors: Zarei Ehsan , Saadat Iraj
Published: October 2023

Background

Cancer results from the accumulation of mutations in critical genes, such as DNA repair genes. But these genes are a double-edged sword, because the basis of current cancer treatment is DNA damage from chemotherapy and radiation, and the repair system can slow the healing process by repairing the induced damage. Therefore, any substance that can reduce the DNA repair capacity of cancer cells can make the cells more sensitive to treatment. Metformin and curcumin, as low-complication compounds, can play this role well.

Methods

In the present work, changes in the expression of CASP3, BAX, and BCL2L1 apoptotic genes, and nine genes involved in DNA repair pathways (XRCC1, XRCC2, XRCC3, XRCC4, XRCC5, XRCC6, XRCC7, BRCA1 and BRAC2) were measured comparatively by real-time PCR in AGS gastric cancer cell line under single and co-treatments with metformin and curcumin.

Results

Our findings showed that co-treatment of metformin and curcumin induced decreasing the expression of anti-apoptotic BCL2L1 and increasing expression of proapoptotic CASP3 and BAX. Metformin decreased the expression levels of seven genes, while curcumin did not alter the expression levels. The co-treatment of metformin and curcumin showed that although the XRCC2, XRCC3, XRCC4, XRCC5, XRCC6, XRCC7, BRCA1, and BRCA2 were down-regulated, there was no difference between metformin and co-treatment for mRNA levels.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that metformin increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer drugs by suppressing several DNA repair pathways and that curcumin may induce apoptosis.
A meta-analysis and review on genetic mapping of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iraq
Authors: Musafer Karar N. J. , Rava Mohammad , Chobok Ali Sabah , Shamsuddin Shaharum , Al-Mousawi Masar Riyadh Rashid , Hayup Fahrul
Published: October 2023

Background

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing rapidly in Iraq over the past few decades. Identifying the most significant factors contributing to the development of T2DM is crucial to reducing its prevalence in this region. Genetics and epigenetics have been shown to play a role in the initiation of T2DM, making it essential to study the genetic variations of diabetic patients to identify common biomarkers associated with this disorder in Iraq.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data to identify potential pathological indicators associated with T2DM in Iraq. We searched various databases and included studies that reported the association between genetic biomarkers and T2DM in Iraqi patients. We then analyzed the data using a random-effects model to estimate the overall effect size and identify the most common biomarkers associated with the risk of T2DM.

Results

We identified 31 explored genes in 41 studies that exhibited the most common biomarkers with a strong association with the risk of T2DM in Iraq. Our exploration embraced genomic, demographic, and sensitivity analyses, enriching insights.

Conclusions

Our study provides valuable insight into the genetic SNPs associated with T2DM in Iraq and offers a foundation for future research in this area. The identified SNPs can help in the development of personalized treatment options, leading to better disease management and improved patient outcomes. The study also highlights the need for further investigation into potential genetic SNPs and factors that may contribute to the development of T2DM in Iraq. While our study is limited by the sample sizes of some of the included studies, it provides a starting point for researchers seeking to identify common diagnostic markers for T2DM in Iraq.
Recent Bendamustine Treatment Before Apheresis Has a Negative Impact on Outcomes in Patients With Large B-Cell Lymphoma Receiving Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy
Authors: Iacoboni Gloria , Navarro Víctor , Martín-López Ana África , Rejeski Kai , Kwon Mi , Jalowiec Katarzyna Aleksandra , Amat Paula , Reguera-Ortega Juan Luis , Gallur Laura , Blumenberg Viktoria , Gutiérrez-Herrero Sara , Roddie Claire , Benzaquén Ana , Delgado-Serrano Javier , Sánchez-Salinas Mario Andrés , Bailén Rebeca , Carpio Cecilia , López-Corral Lucia , Hernani Rafael , Bastos Mariana , O'Reilly Maeve , Martín-Martín Lourdes , Subklewe Marion , Barba Pere
Published: October 2023

PURPOSE

Approximately 30%-40% of patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) infused with CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells achieve durable responses. Consensus guidelines suggest avoiding bendamustine before apheresis, but specific data in this setting are lacking. We report distinct outcomes after CAR T-cell therapy according to previous bendamustine exposure.

METHODS

The study included CAR T-cell recipients from seven European sites. Safety, efficacy, and CAR T-cell expansion kinetics were analyzed according to preapheresis bendamustine exposure. Additional studies on the impact of the washout period and bendamustine dose were performed. Inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) and propensity score matching (PSM) analyses were carried out for all efficacy comparisons between bendamustine-exposed and bendamustine-naïve patients.

RESULTS

The study included 439 patients with R/R LBCL infused with CD19-targeted commercial CAR T cells, of whom 80 had received bendamustine before apheresis. Exposed patients had significantly lower CD3+ cells and platelets at apheresis. These patients had a lower overall response rate (ORR, 53% v 72%; P < .01), a shorter progression-free survival (PFS, 3.1 v 6.2 months; P = .04), and overall survival (OS, 10.3 v 23.5 months; P = .01) in comparison with the bendamustine-naïve group. Following adjustment methods for baseline variables, these differences were mitigated. Focusing on the impact of bendamustine washout before apheresis, those with recent (<9 months) exposure (N = 42) displayed a lower ORR (40% v 72%; P < .01), shorter PFS (1.3 v 6.2 months; P < .01), and OS (4.6 v 23.5 months; P < .01) in comparison with bendamustine-naïve patients. These differences remained significant after IPTW and PSM analysis. Conversely, the cumulative dose of bendamustine before apheresis did not affect CAR-T efficacy outcomes.

CONCLUSION

Recent bendamustine exposure before apheresis was associated with negative treatment outcomes after CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy and should be therefore avoided in CAR T-cell candidates.
Identifying, Understanding, and Minimizing Unconscious Cognitive Biases in Perioperative Crisis Management: A Narrative Review
Authors: Yan Luying , Karamchandani Kunal , Gaiser Robert R. , Carr Zyad J.
Published: October 2023

Rapid clinical decision-making behavior is often based on pattern recognition and other mental shortcuts. Although such behavior is often faster than deliberative thinking, it can also lead to errors due to unconscious cognitive biases (UCBs). UCBs may contribute to inaccurate diagnoses, hamper interpersonal communication, trigger inappropriate clinical interventions, or result in management delays. The authors review the literature on UCBs and discuss their potential impact on perioperative crisis management. Using the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA), publications with the most relevance to UCBs in perioperative crisis management were selected for inclusion. Of the 19 UCBs that have been most investigated in the medical literature, the authors identified 9 that were judged to be clinically relevant or most frequently occurring during perioperative crisis management. Formal didactic training on concepts of deliberative thinking has had limited success in reducing the presence of UCBs during clinical decision-making. The evolution of clinical decision support tools (CDSTs) has demonstrated efficacy in improving deliberative clinical decision-making, possibly by reducing the intrusion of maladaptive UCBs and forcing reflective thinking. Anesthesiology remains a leader in perioperative crisis simulation and CDST implementation, but spearheading innovations to reduce the adverse impact of UCBs will further improve diagnostic precision and patient safety during perioperative crisis management.
Supraglottic Jet Oxygenation and Ventilation to Minimize Hypoxia in Patients Receiving Flexible Bronchoscopy Under Deep Sedation: A 3-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wei Juan , Zhang Xiaowei , Min Keting , Zhou Huanping , Shi Xuan , Deng Huimin , Mo Wei , Wei Huafeng , Gu Yang , Lv Xin
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Hypoxia often occurs due to shared airway and anesthetic sedation-induced hypoventilation in patients receiving flexible bronchoscopy (FB) under deep sedation. Previous evidence has shown that supraglottic jet oxygenation and ventilation (SJOV) via Wei nasal jet tube (WNJ) reduces the incidence of hypoxia during FB. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which SJOV via WNJ could decrease the incidence of hypoxia in patients under deep sedation as compared to oxygen supplementation via WNJ alone or nasal catheter (NC) for oxygen supplementation during FB.

METHODS:

This was a single-center 3-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT). Adult patients scheduled to undergo FB were randomly assigned to 3 groups: NC (oxygen supplementation via NC), low-pressure low-flow (LPLF) (low-pressure oxygen supplementation via WNJ alone), or SJOV (high-pressure oxygen supplementation via WNJ). The primary outcome was hypoxia (defined as peripheral saturation of oxygen [Spo
2] <90% lasting more than 5 seconds) during FB. Secondary outcomes included subclinical respiratory depression or severe hypoxia, and rescue interventions specifically performed for hypoxia treatment. Other evaluated outcomes were sore throat, xerostomia, nasal bleeding, and SJOV-related barotraumatic events.

RESULTS:

One hundred and thirty-two randomized patients were included in 3 interventions (n = 44 in each), and all were included in the final analysis under intention to treat. Hypoxia occurred in 4 of 44 patients (9.1%) allocated to SJOV, compared to 38 of 44 patients (86%) allocated to NC, with a relative risk (RR) for hypoxia, 0.11; 98% confidence interval (CI), 0.02–0.51; P < .001; or to 27 of 44 patients (61%) allocated to LPLF, with RR for hypoxia, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.04–0.61; P < .001, respectively. The percentage of subclinical respiratory depression was also significantly diminished in patients with SJOV (39%) compared with patients with NC (100%) or patients with LPLF (96%), both P < .001. In SJOV, no severe hypoxia event occurred. More remedial interventions for hypoxia were needed in the patients with NC. Higher risk of xerostomia was observed in patients with SJOV. No severe adverse event was observed throughout the study.

CONCLUSIONS:

SJOV via WNJ effectively reduces the incidence of hypoxia during FB under deep sedation.
Εξατομίκευση του σχεδιασμού θεραπείας στο διακρανιακό μαγνητικό ερεθισμό του εγκεφάλου με τη χρήση υπολογιστικών τεχνικών
Authors: Τζηρίνη Μαρία
Published: October 2023

Ο διακρανιακός μαγνητικός ερεθισμός (transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS) αποτελεί μια μη επεμβατική μέθοδο διέγερσης του νευρικού συστήματος, η οποία στηρίζεται στο φαινόμενο της ηλεκτρομαγνητικής επαγωγής και χρησιμοποιείται είτε για διαγνωστικούς είτε για θεραπευτικούς σκοπούς σε διάφορες νευροψυχιατρικές παθήσεις. Κατά την εφαρμογή της, ένα ηλεκτρομαγνητικό πηνίο τοποθετείται εξωτερικά στο κεφάλι. Καθώς διαρρέεται από ηλεκτρικό ρεύμα, το μαγνητικό πεδίο που δημιουργείται προκαλεί με τη σειρά του δευτερεύοντα ρεύματα σε περιοχές του εγκεφάλου. Η ανάγκη εξατομίκευσης του διακρανιακού μαγνητικού ερεθισμού προκύπτει από την ποικιλομορφία στη γεωμετρία των ιστών και την ανάγκη προσέγγισης διαφορετικών περιοχών ενδιαφέροντος. Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή μελετά το ρόλο της ανθρώπινης ανατομίας στο TMS και εξετάζει τη χρήση διαφορετικών πηνίων, υπολογίζοντας αριθμητικά την επαγόμενη κατανομή του ηλεκτρικού πεδίου στον εγκέφαλο ποικίλων τρισδιάστατων μοντέλων, μέσα από ηλεκτρομαγνητικές προσομοιώσεις. Αρχικά, διερευνά το πώς τα προσωπικά ανατομικά χαρακτηριστικά δύνανται να επηρεάσουν το επαγόμενο πεδίο, προσομοιώνοντας ένα πηνίο ειδικά σχεδιασμένο για εν τω βάθει διακρανιακό μαγνητικό ερεθισμό σε μοντέλα υγιών εθελοντών. Ταυτόχρονα, εξετάζει τη δυνατότητα εδραίωσης μιας διαδικασίας παραγωγής προσωποποιημένων μοντέλων, καθώς στην προκειμένη περίπτωση τα αναφερόμενα μοντέλα κατασκευάστηκαν μέσω μιας ημιαυτόματης διαδικασίας διαχωρισμού των ιστών, με βάση τις μαγνητικές τομογραφίες των εθελοντών. Στη συνέχεια, ελέγχει την αποτελεσματικότητα διαφορετικών πηνίων στη διέγερση του μετωπιαίου λοβού, συγκρίνοντας τις επαγόμενες κατανομές από τρία μοντέλα εγκεκριμένων εμπορικών πηνίων. Έπειτα, αξιολογεί τα αποτελέσματα της παραπάνω σύγκρισης στο πλαίσιο θεραπείας της ιδεοψυχαναγκαστικής διαταραχής. Τέλος, καταλήγει στην ανάγκη ένταξης των προσωποποιημένων μοντέλων σε κλινικές μελέτες και προτείνει μια διαδικασίας βασισμένη σε υπολογιστικά εργαλεία, που επιτρέπει την ποσοτικοποίηση της κατανομής του επαγόμενου ηλεκτρικού πεδίου στον εγκέφαλο του κάθε ασθενούς με αφετηρία τα δεδομένα ιατρικής απεικόνισης του, ώστε να μπορεί να προσαρμόσει το TMS και να αυξήσει την αποτελεσματικότητά του πριν την πραγματική εφαρμογή˙ διατηρώντας ταυτόχρονα την ισορροπία μεταξύ ταχύτητας και ακρίβειας, προκειμένου να μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί σε μελέτες με σημαντικό πλήθος συμμετεχόντων.
Voces femeninas en la minificcion griega del siglo XXI
Authors: Φουέντες-Μπουσταμάντε Λουίσα-Μαρισόλ
Published: October 2023

Η παρούσα διατριβή με τίτλο «Voces femeninas en la minificción griega del siglo XXI: Una aproximación al microrrelato griego contemporáneo», είναι μια πρωτότυπη έρευνα, εφόσον μέχρι σήμερα δεν υπάρχει ανάλογη μελέτη στην ισπανική γλώσσα, αλλά ούτε στα ελληνικά. Αναφέρεται στη θεωρία της έμφυλης προσέγγισης της λογοτεχνίας, καθώς και στους ρόλους που επωμίζονται οι γυναικείοι λογοτεχνικοί χαρακτήρες στη σύγχρονη ελληνική μικρομυθοπλασία. Παρουσιάζει για πρώτη φορά ένα corpus, που περιλαμβάνει 40 σημαντικές πρωτοπόρες Ελληνίδες συγγραφείς που γεννήθηκαν από το 1930 ως το 1986 και 45 μικροδιηγήματα μεταφρασμένα από τα ελληνικά στα ισπανικά, από τα οποία τα 25 είναι ήδη μεταφρασμένα από την ερευνήτρια και τα 20 από Έλληνες μεταφραστές.Για την παρούσα έρευνα, τα κριτήρια επιλογής του δείγματος καθορίστηκαν με βάση Ελληνίδες συγγραφείς που συμμετέχουν σε βιβλία και ανθολογίες που έχουν εκδοθεί από το 2000 μέχρι σήμερα και οι οποίες έχουν μεταφραστεί σε περισσότερες από μία γλώσσες και συμμετέχουν ενεργά στα κοινωνικά δίκτυα. Σκοπός της έρευνας είναι να διερευνήσει και να αναλύσει τον λογοτεχνικό γυναικείο λόγο, καθώς και τον πολυδιάστατο ρόλο της γυναίκας ως συγγραφέως μικρών διηγημάτων μέσα από την οπτική της μελέτης του φύλου και της γυναικείας λογοτεχνικής κριτικής. Η παρούσα μελέτη προωθεί τον κριτικό διάλογο για ένα πρωτοποριακό λογοτεχνικό είδος που έχει σημαντική παρουσία στη σύγχρονη ελληνική λογοτεχνία. Για την επίτευξη αυτού του σκοπού θα προηγηθεί αρχικά η κριτική ανάλυση των διατυπωμένων σχετικών θεωριών. Γενικά, η επιλογή της εκπόνησης μιας διδακτορικής διατριβής με έρευνα προσανατολισμένη στη θέση της μικρομυθοπλασίας των γυναικών της Ελλάδας του 21ου αιώνα, έρχεται να καλύψει ένα μεγάλο κενό σε θεωρητικό επίπεδο, καθώς φιλοδοξεί να δώσει λόγο στις φωνές που εκφράζουν την ιδιαιτερότητα του γυναικείου στοιχείου και που αναδεικνύουν τη σημαντική συμβολή τους στη δικαίωση της γυναικείας φωνής στην Ελλάδα.
Ανάπτυξη σύνθετων δεικτών κλιματικών παραμέτρων και ποιότητας ατμοσφαιρικού αέρα
Authors: Αλιμήσης Αναστάσιος
Published: October 2023

Η παρούσα διατριβή έχει ως αντικείμενο τη δημιουργία συνθετικών χρονοσειρών, εφαρμόζοντας μία μεθοδολογία βάσει της οποίας πραγματοποιούνται εκτιμήσεις τιμών περιβαλλοντικών παραμέτρων με σύγχρονες τεχνικές (μοντέλα μηχανικής μάθησης) και αυτές οι εκτιμήσεις εισέρχονται στις υπάρχουσες βάσεις δεδομένων παρατηρήσεων. Με αυτό τον τρόπο προτείνεται ένα νέο μεθοδολογικό πλαίσιο για τη γεφύρωση του κενού που παρατηρείται ανάμεσα στις βάσεις δεδομένων πειραματικών μετρήσεων με τη χρήση κατάλληλων οργάνων, με τα δεδομένα που προκύπτουν μέσω στατιστικής επεξεργασίας, εξυπηρετώντας την ανάγκη για πληρότητα των δεδομένων, χωρίς να αλλοιώνεται η φυσική τους σημασία. Επιπλέον, η διατριβή εστιάζει στη χρήση αυτών των συνθετικών χρονοσειρών ως βάση ανάπτυξης συνδυαστικών περιβαλλοντικών δεικτών, που ενσωματώνουν την πληροφορία από ένα σύνολο κλιματικών μεταβλητών και παραμέτρων ποιότητας αέρα. Οι σύνθετοι περιβαλλοντικοί δείκτες αποτελούν τη βέλτιστη επιλογή για την περιγραφή με εύληπτο τρόπο των πολύπλοκων αλληλεπιδράσεων των αερίων και σωματιδιακών ρύπων με κλιματικές παραμέτρους. Η μεθοδολογία που προτείνεται μπορεί να λειτουργήσει ως μία σύγχρονη μορφή δείκτη που θα μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί και για εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων σε μελλοντικά σενάρια για τις κλιματικές συνθήκες. Οι προτεινόμενοι δείκτες αποτελούν μία νέα προσέγγιση σε σχέση με τους ήδη υπάρχοντες δείκτες ποιότητας αέρα και θα επιτρέψουν τη μελέτη της φυσικής του κλίματος από μία άλλη οπτική γωνία, ενώ ταυτόχρονα μπορούν να αποτελέσουν ένα σημαντικό εργαλείο για την πρόγνωση καταστάσεων που δύναται να επιφέρει το μελλοντικό κλίμα.
Δρόμοι από άσφαλτο
Authors: Βασιλοπούλου Χριστίνα
Published: October 2023

Η παρούσα διατριβή φιλοδοξεί να συμπληρώσει το κενό αναφορικά με τη μελέτη του οδικού δικτύου ως πεδίο εγγραφής πολιτισμικών μετασχηματισμών της Νεωτερικότητας, εξειδικεύοντας στη διαλεκτική χώρου - χρόνου, όπως αυτή καλλιεργείται και σταδιακά προϋποτίθεται εντός του νεωτερικού παραδείγματος. Αναγνωρίζοντας την αυτοκίνηση ως κυρίαρχο μοντέλο μεταφορών και μετακινήσεων κατά τη Νεωτερικότητα, οι υποθέσεις της έρευνας εστιάζουν στους τρόπους με τους οποίους το οδικό δίκτυο, ως περίπτωση χώρου, συνδέεται με τις αντιλήψεις και την εμπειρία του χρόνου, όπως αυτή κατασκευάζεται και καταγράφεται από νεωτερικούς ιστορικούς και στοχαστές. Η διατριβή εστιάζει στην περίπτωση της Ελλάδας μεταξύ της ίδρυσής της ως ανεξάρτητο κράτος και του τέλους της δεκαετίας του 1960, συνεισφέροντας από τη μία στην ιστορική τεκμηρίωση της συγκρότησης του νεωτερικού οδικού δικτύου της και από την άλλη στη θεμελίωση του γενικότερου θεωρητικού σχήματος που επιχειρεί. Πέραν της βιβλιογραφίας, εξετάζονται αρχειακές πηγές, εγχειρίδια οδοποιίας και οδικής συμπεριφοράς, τύπος της εποχής, περιηγητικά κείμενα. Η διατριβή διαρθρώνεται σε τρία βασικά κεφάλαια, τα οποία λειτουργούν ως επάλληλα επίπεδα ανάλυσης του νεωτερικού οδικού δικτύου και βασίζονται στα τεχνικά χαρακτηριστικά του. Η διαστρωμάτωση που επιχειρείται, μέσα από την εξέταση της γεωμετρίας, της υλικότητας και των λόγων εγκαθίδρυσης της κανονικότητας του νεωτερικού οδικού δικτύου, κατασκευάζει περισσότερο έναν αστερισμό πολιτισμικών ιχνών ενός νέου τρόπου να βρίσκεται κανείς μέσα στον κόσμο, παρά μια συμπαγή επιστημονική μέθοδο. Τα συμπεράσματα της έρευνας συνδέουν τα επιμέρους ευρήματα με τις πολιτισμικές μεταλλαγές στο πεδίο αντίληψης και εμπειρίας του χώρου και του χρόνου, επιτρέποντας σε φαινόμενα που απασχολούν τους νεωτερικούς στοχαστές, όπως η κοινωνική επιτάχυνση, η θραυσματικότητα της αντίληψης, η μεταλλαγή των εννοιών του παρόντος και του μέλλοντος, κ.α., να αναδυθούν μέσα από το ίδιο το έδαφος της καθημερινότητας.
A comparative study on oxidative stress indices among cattle and buffalo with foreign body syndrome
Authors: Gomaa N , Gomaa NA , Nassif NM , Fawzy S
Published: October 2023

This study compared the oxidative stress indices in cattle and buffalo with foreign body syndrome (FBS). The study included 60 animals (32 buffalo and 28 cows). The animals were divided into the control group (10 healthy cows and 10 healthy buffalo). The diseased animals were divided based on the clinical signs and duration of illness as well as radiographic and ultrasonographic findings into the chronic traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP) group (13 cows and 12 buffalo), acute TRP group (5 buffalo), and traumatic pericarditis (TP) group (5 cows, 5 buffalo). Full case histories were obtained, and thorough clinical examinations were performed. Blood samples were obtained for hematological and biochemical analysis. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in all diseased animals’ groups, while the reduced glutathione (GSH) activity significantly decreased in all diseased animals’ groups than in the control group. The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity increased dramatically in cows with chronic TRP and significantly decreased in buffalo with chronic TRP and not significantly changed in the groups with acute TRP and TP. The catalase activity only increased in buffalo with TP. The total antioxidant capacity increased significantly in cows with chronic TRP and buffalo with acute TRP, indicating oxidative stress with the compensated antioxidant mechanism. Finally, both cattle and buffalo with acute and chronic TRP and TP showed an existing antioxidant capacity despite oxidative stress. There was a significant difference between cattle and buffalo in their response to oxidative damage, in which buffalo with chronic TRP showed a decompensation of the antioxidant capacity leading to chronic damage and fibrosis.
Pakistani and Bangladeshi heritage mothers’ provision of primary education to their children in England during COVID-19: recommendations for involving mothers in policy decision-making processes
Authors: Khalid Aliya , Kamphausen Lavinia , Spencer-Bennett Kate
Published: October 2023

During COVID-19, children have suffered learning losses across the world which will likely be carried forward to the future. In England, research and various reports were conducted to understand the extent of learning loss so policy could be improved for a more equitable educational provision. Two key areas were highlighted because of these investigations. Firstly, children in marginalised communities suffered the greatest share of educational disadvantages during COVID-19. Secondly, there is a scarcity of knowledge around the processes surrounding educational environments of learners. This study focused on mothers as partners and facilitators of education especially during COVID-19. Interviews were conducted with eight mothers in England with Pakistani and Bangladeshi heritage exploring their experiences of educating their primary school-aged children during COVID-19. The perspectives of mothers shared with the researchers were analysed by focusing on the physical spaces and the psychological aspects that were experienced since the inception of the pandemic. The findings reveal that mothers were working at multiple fronts to help their children transition smoothly to a new way of learning and living by making a series of contributions. Firstly, mothers adapted the physical spaces so they would suit their children’s learning needs. Secondly, they structured time to bring some normalcy to the disrupted patterns of living. Thirdly, they drew on social relations to compensate for the socio-emotional gaps that lockdown situations were creating for children. Lastly, they redefined the meaning of education and its advantages and integrated the social and cultural with the formal aspect of education. The findings suggest that policy reform to rehabilitate an equitable education system will need to draw on these rich perspectives. It will be essential for policy discussions in the future to include the lived experiences of mothers in providing timely and tailored educational support to their children.
Defining and developing data literacy
Authors: Kuhn Deanna
Published: October 2023

Courses in data literacy, along with electronic tools to support them, have quickly sprung up for students from elementary through college levels, prompted in part by an increasingly apparent need for people of all ages to interpret data they encounter in popular media, as a requisite for responsible citizenship. What and how do students learn with the aid of such tools? As valuable as these may be in presenting data in varying transformable formats, they can be at most a beginning tool in a developmental progression toward data literacy that needs to be identified. Might at least the early phases of this development be accomplished as well or better without such tools? Data literacy does not emerge in one piece. What challenges do students encounter as they advance in a learning progression? Relevant to how they may do so is research on the development of higher-order inductive reasoning, in particular the coordination of theory and evidence in causal and explanatory reasoning. Possibly, very simple data displays provide young students all the complexity they need to address the initial conceptual challenges awaiting them.
EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS ON YIELDS OF SPRING BARLEY
Authors: Khabibrakhmanov Damir , Kolesar Valeria , Safin Radik
Published: October 2023

The results of field researches on the experimental fields of the Agrobiotechnopark of KSAU conducted in 2020-2022 are given. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of double treatment during the growing season with various biological preparations on the formation of the crop and the quality of spring barley grain. The objectives of the research included studying the nature of changes in the biometric parameters of plants, leaf surface area, yield and protein content in grain when using a biofungicide and biofertilizer. The variety of spring two-row barley Kamashevsky was the object of research. Biopreparations were studied - biofungicide Orgamica S (biological agent - Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) and biofertilizer Organit P (biological agent - Bacillus megaterium). The treatment was carried out twice during the growing season - in the tillering phase and in the earing phase with a working fluid flow rate of 200 l/ha. The preparations were used separately and as part of a tank mixture. The studies were carried out on a gray forest highly cultivated soil. The agro-climatic conditions of vegetation during the years of the study varied significantly. In 2021, soil-air drought was noted, and in 2020, and especially in 2022, the moisture conditions were favorable for the growth and development of spring barley plants. It has been established that the treatment of spring barley crops with biological preparations contributes to an increase in the length of the ear, stems and roots. This effect was especially significant when using a biofertilizer in the tillering phase, and a biofungicide during the heading of barley. The use of all treatment schemes with biological preparations showed an increase in the area of spring barley leaves and, at the same time, the development of root rots of the crop decreased by an average of 50%. The greatest increase in yield (by 0.56 t/ha), the maximum protein content in the grain and the best profitability indicators were obtained using a treatment scheme in which Organit biofertilizer was used during the tillering period, and Orgamica S biofungicide during the heading period. Especially significant positive effect from treatment with biological preparations was in the conditions of a well-moistened 2022, but even in the conditions of a drought in 2021, treatment with biological preparations showed high efficiency.
A case of mistaken identity
Authors: Berdine Gilbert , Ramos Jose
Published: October 2023

Images that demonstrate large and obvious abnormalities sometimes distract the provider from the careful review necessary to make the correct diagnosis. In situations in which the differential diagnosis has a leading diagnosis that is correct almost all time, it is easy to be misled by more obvious possibilities, failing to spend enough time to see the important details, and pursuing therapy that might not result in a good patient outcome. The purpose of this case report is to help readers from making analogous errors in future cases similar to this one.
 
Key words: pleural effusion, endobronchial obstruction, lung cancer, complications, chest tube
High risk for obstructive sleep apnea and risk of hypertension in military personnel: The CHIEF sleep study
Authors: Liu Wei-Nung , Lin Ko-Huan , Tsai Kun-Zhe , Chu Chen-Chih , Chang Yun-Chen , Kwon Younghoon , Lin Gen-Min
Published: October 2023

Rehabilitation of lower limb amputation in developing countries is quite challenging. Though there are basic to highly advanced prostheses available in India, the set-up is still facing difficulties in developing countries. Prosthetic management is difficult due to lack of availability of prostheses and reduced affordability among low income populations. In this review we highlighted the lower limb amputation and prosthetic rehabilitation status in India. Currently, India is advancing well in the rehabilitation field, but further studies are required to provide more evidence and recommendation.
Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of congenital infantile fibrosarcoma and congenital hemangioma: Three case reports
Authors: Liang Ru-Na , Jiang Jue , Zhang Jie , Liu Xi , Ma Miao-Yan , Liu Qian-Long , Ma Li , Zhou Lei , Wang Yun , Wang Juan , Zhou Qi , Yu Shan-Shan
Published: October 2023

Rehabilitation of lower limb amputation in developing countries is quite challenging. Though there are basic to highly advanced prostheses available in India, the set-up is still facing difficulties in developing countries. Prosthetic management is difficult due to lack of availability of prostheses and reduced affordability among low income populations. In this review we highlighted the lower limb amputation and prosthetic rehabilitation status in India. Currently, India is advancing well in the rehabilitation field, but further studies are required to provide more evidence and recommendation.
Pharmacogenomics-based individualized treatment of hypertension in preterm infants: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Tang Lian-Fang , Xu Ao , Liu Kai
Published: October 2023

Rehabilitation of lower limb amputation in developing countries is quite challenging. Though there are basic to highly advanced prostheses available in India, the set-up is still facing difficulties in developing countries. Prosthetic management is difficult due to lack of availability of prostheses and reduced affordability among low income populations. In this review we highlighted the lower limb amputation and prosthetic rehabilitation status in India. Currently, India is advancing well in the rehabilitation field, but further studies are required to provide more evidence and recommendation.
Bladder stone due to late clip migration after prostatic urethral lift procedure: A case report
Authors: Bozkurt Ali Seydi , Ekici Ozgur , Keskin Ercüment , Kocoglu Fatih
Published: October 2023

Rehabilitation of lower limb amputation in developing countries is quite challenging. Though there are basic to highly advanced prostheses available in India, the set-up is still facing difficulties in developing countries. Prosthetic management is difficult due to lack of availability of prostheses and reduced affordability among low income populations. In this review we highlighted the lower limb amputation and prosthetic rehabilitation status in India. Currently, India is advancing well in the rehabilitation field, but further studies are required to provide more evidence and recommendation.
The Social Consequences of the Global Expansion of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Arseienko Anatolii , Butkaliuk Vitalina
Published: October 2023

Based on a class analysis, the article shows the failure of the commercialized health care system in the Global North and South to address the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, the article investigates the dynamics, consequences, and prospects of the struggle by developed countries to overcome the coronavirus crisis, revealing the extremely low effectiveness and class limitations of the measures taken. The stumbling block in the way of curbing the pandemic on a global scale has been the refusal by developed countries to help developing countries vaccinate their populations. The brunt of the COVID-19 problem has been shifted by the capitalist state and monopolies onto the working class, leading to increased exploitation, excess mortality, and widening inequality. On the basis of an analysis of the health crisis in the capitalist world, the article concludes that global civilization must move toward a more just and democratic world order that is able to put the health of workers before monopoly profits, and to guarantee everyone the right to live with dignity.
New Directions in the Historiography of Indonesia's Mass Killings, 1965–66
Authors: Cribb Robert
Published: October 2023

Abstract: The article traces developments in the historiography of the mass killing of Indonesian communists in 1965–66. The first, journalistic analysis often suggested that the killings were a reflection of primitive savagery in Indonesia. The first scholarly analysis, by contrast, suggested that there had been a unique, acute polarization in Indonesian society which created an atmosphere of kill-or-be-killed. Subsequent research showed that the Indonesian army played a major role in directing the killings and in fomenting antagonism with false stories of communist brutality. More recent research indicates the importance of local antagonisms, often not directly related to ideology, in leading people to use the pogroms as a chance to advance their own interests. This development is similar to the shift in the historiography of the holocaust from intentionalism to functionalism.
Glimpses of Indonesia's 1965 Massacre through the Lens of the Census: The Role of Civilian Organizations in the Mass Anti-Communist Killings of 1965–66 in East Java
Authors: Chandra Siddharth , Zhang Teng
Published: October 2023

Abstract: The role of civilian allies of the Indonesian Army is an important theme in narratives of the anti-Communist killings of 1965-66 in Indonesia. There is an ongoing debate about the extent to which these organizations were involved in the killings. Spatial analysis can provide clues about the degree to which these organizations may have been involved in different locations. The aim of this paper is to use spatial analytics to answer two questions: first, is there evidence that politico-religious allies of the Indonesian Army in the province of East Java were involved in the killings across the province? And second, if there are indications of variation in the degree to which these two organizations were involved in different parts of the province, what do these variations tell us about the interplay between the military and these organizations in the killings? In order to answer these questions, we use kecamatan-level estimates of population loss associated with the violence of 1965-66 in conjunction with information on the locations of major army command centers and centers of politico-religious organization in East Java to test propositions about whether the degree of population loss is systematically associated with the locations of these centers. While the methods cannot prove involvement of specific individuals or organizations, the results are consistent with much of what is known about key players in the violence. They also identify hot spots for which there are indications of possible involvement by either the military or its civilian allies or both.
The 1965–66 Violence in Upland East Java: A Reflexive Reassessment
Authors: Hefner Robert W.
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This essay draws on comparative ethnographic and historical research on the 1965–1966 violence in Indonesia to reassess the course and consequences of the violence in upland areas of the Pasuruan and Malang regencies (kabupaten) in the province of East Java. The essay seeks to reframe and update my earlier analysis of the violence in this territory by juxtaposing it to recent paradigm-changing studies carried out by a new generation of scholars examining the 1965-1966 violence and its aftermath. The essay makes five main points. First, it demonstrates that, even within rural settings separated by only a few kilometers, the timing and scale of the anti-communist violence varied significantly. Second, it shows that a key influence on this variation was not merely army ambitions or the relative strength of local Muslim militias, but the nature of the relationship between local Indonesian Nationalist (PNI) and Communist Party (PKI) activists in the years leading up to the killings. Third, the study reveals that, in some rural communities, there was significant ambivalence in NU circles about joining in the anti-communist campaign, because NU preachers worried that participation in the killings might undercut their recently-initiated programs of Islamic appeal (dakwah) in abangan villages. Fourth, the study confirms the demographic findings of Siddharth Chandra and Mark Winward concerning the scale and contemporary significance of the population movement within rural Java set in motion by the killings. Fifth, the essay argues that although a "conservative turn" in Muslim society since the early 2000s has set back efforts to promote reconciliation between Muslim organizations and survivors of 1965–1966 killings, the prospects remain for a modest but still thoughtful public discussion of the violence and its legacies.
Teachers' Narratives about the Possibility to Teach Controversial History of the 1965 Affair in Indonesia
Authors: Pratama Stephen
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Some Indonesian teachers have entangled alternative versions in their teachings on the 1965 affair, a controversial vicious and political event in Indonesia, to counterbalance or even contest the communist coup narrative in the history lesson curriculum and school textbooks. Employing the sociological tools of Margaret Somers, this paper dissects the stories of eleven high school history teachers about what enables them to teach multiple interpretations of the 1965 affair. The inclusion of different accounts in their teachings is navigated by various narratives of the affair that they acquired or fabricated in certain socio-historical and political settings. However, teaching is far from an independent pedagogical action. Accordingly, the extent to which each teacher could easily teach multiple versions was related to surrounding actors inside or outside of the school and their narratives of the 1965 affair and communism, as well as perceived absence of any institutional practice to veto such teachings.
Sacred-in-Practice: A Framework for Teaching Religion, Health, and Medicine
Authors: Saunders Barry F.
Published: October 2023

abstract: This essay proposes an unconventional approach to teaching "religion and medicine" to American medical students. Received frameworks for such teaching—articulated around faith denomination or "spirituality"—may imply that religiosities and their health effects are grounded in theology or transcendence, respectively. These frameworks may reify, or misrepresent relationships between, religion and science—for example, in supporting notions of conflict, or of an essentially secular character of technical progress. They can neglect ways in which biomedicine and its institutions are themselves engaged with and productive of religious values. In order to move toward fuller student appreciation of diverse religious materialities and embodiments in health and biomedicine, the essay proposes " the sacred, in practice " as an organizing rubric. This pedagogical intervention pivots on notions of sacrality in anthropologies of religion and offers students a wide path to consider a spectrum of material, gestural conditions, and activities—transformative techniques, intensely valued objects, trusted texts, rituals—that mark and propagate religious valences and commitments within and around contemporary biomedicine. This sacred-in-practice approach meshes with standard theological and spiritual framings of the religion/health/medicine nexus, yet offers more capacious and flexible connections to work for which medical students are training, involving vulnerable bodies and material technologies of tremendous life- and world-shaping potency.
Careful the Things You Say, Children Will Listen: Parents, Adolescents, and Fairytales
Authors: Benedetti Daniel J. , Wilfond Benjamin S.
Published: October 2023

abstract: Being a parent is hard, particularly parenting adolescents, who need to be given choices and allowed the space to learn how to make choices for themselves, even when those choices result in negative consequences. This essay explores how Steven Sondheim and James Lapine's 1987 musical Into the Woods provides relatable stories of the challenges of being a parent, the challenges of parenting adolescents, and just how messy parents and families can be despite everyone trying their best. The stories of Little Red Riding Hood, Rapunzel, Jack, and Cinderella show us various stages, trajectories, and occasional tragedies of adolescents' emerging autonomy, while the Baker's and the Witch's struggles becoming and being parents encapsulate how disorderly and untidy parenting often is. Pediatricians and clinical bioethicists, who are often in a position to scrutinize the choices of parents and teens, should remember that parents and adolescents are almost always motivated by good intentions and doing the best that they can. Perhaps the best we can do is accompany them on their journey "into the woods."
Four-bands high-resolution integrated spectrometer
Authors: Ahdab Ranim el , Nabki Frederic , Ménard Michaël
Published: October 2023

We present the concept and design of a novel integrated optical spectrometer able to operate over four different optical bands in the infrared that cover over 900 nm of aggregated bandwidth. The device, named integrated optical four bands spectrometer (IOFBS), consists of a single planar concave grating with 4 inputs waveguides, each corresponding to a different wavelength band, and 39 output channels that can be implemented on a silicon nitride platform. The inputs waveguides (IWGs) are optimized so that the echelle grating works in different diffraction orders to create constructive interference at the fixed output waveguides. The grating facets are engineered to maximize the diffraction efficiency of the beam launched from any of the four IWGs. The IOFBS works in the near infrared, the O-band, part of the S&E bands and the L-band. The simulated spectra feature an average insertion loss of -1.69 dB across the four bands and a crosstalk better than -32 dB with a 3-dB resolution as low as 0.37 nm and a channel spacing of ∼2.1 nm. The entire device covers an area of 5 mm x 4 mm. The versatility of the proposed design can reduce the cost of integrated spectrometers and make on-chip spectral analysis more accessible by taking advantage of batch fabrication to build a compact device with numerous potential applications.