bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Youth Work in Turkey: A Sector Newly Emerging and Marked by Political Competition
Authors: Lüküslü Demet , Osmanoğlu Berrin
Published: February 2018

Youth work is a very recent field in Turkey and the evolution of the field has been very much influenced by the European institutions, especially with the European Union candidacy process of Turkey. Youth work in Turkey can be analyzed in three different layers since the central government, local government (municipalities) and civil society organization all have youth work activities. During our Horizon 2020 PARTISPACE research project, we conducted ethnographic research to shed light on the local characteristics of youth work in a central Anatolian city in Turkey. The cases we discuss in the scope of this paper based on our ethnographic research includes two youth centers, one run by a central government agency, the Ministry of Youth and Sports, the other by a local municipality run by the party of opposition. The study reveals the influence of local dynamics and political competition in the development of youth policy and youth work. Our research demonstrates that, even if youth work is not a priority in the public policy agenda, it has become an object of political competition in Turkey.
The Economic Determinants of Bioenergy Trade Intensity in the EU-28: A Co-Integration Approach
Authors: Alsaleh Mohd , Abdul-Rahim Abdul
Published: February 2018

This paper examines the dynamic effect of the economic determinants on bilateral trade intensity of the European Union (EU) region’s bioenergy industry outputs. The authors adopt the panel co-integration model approach to estimate annual trade intensity data of the EU-28 countries’ bioenergy industry outputs from 1990 to 2013. This study investigated the long-term influence of the rate of real exchange, gross domestic product (GDP), and export price on the trade intensity of bioenergy industry applying fully modified oriented least square (FMOLS), dummy oriented least square (DOLS), and pooled mean group (PMG) models. In the current study, the findings boost the empirical validity of the panel co-integration model through FMOLS, indicating that depreciation has improved the trade intensity. This study has further investigated, through the causality test, a distinct set of countries. FMOLS estimation does find proof of the long run improvement of trade intensity. Thus, the result shows that the gross domestic product (GDP) and the real exchange rate have a positive and noteworthy influence on the EU-28 region trade intensity of the bioenergy industry. Moreover, the export price affects negatively and significantly the trade intensity of the bioenergy industry in the EU-28 countries.
Europe 2020 Implementation as Driver of Economic Performance and Competitiveness. Panel Analysis of CEE Countries
Authors: Radulescu Magdalena , Fedajev Aleksandra , Sinisi Crenguta Ileana , Popescu Constanta , Iacob Silvia Elena
Published: February 2018

The Europe 2020 strategy is the EU strategy for sustainable and inclusive growth, for fighting the structural weaknesses of the European economies, and for improving their competitiveness. In this paper, we determined the most important ratios of the Europe 2020 Strategy impacting on economic performance expressed as the growth of the GDP per capita, and on economic competitiveness expressed as the share of the countries’ exports in total world exports for some selected Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries (Poland, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Romania) using co-integration tests and OLS panel estimations with a dataset between 2004 (after four of these selected countries acceded to EU) and 2015 (the latest available data for all the ratios we used in our analysis). Our findings show that the tertiary level of education is the most important factor, positively correlated with both endogenous variables mentioned above. Other important factors for achieving the economic performance and competitiveness goals are the school dropout ratio, the share of renewable energy in final energy consumption, and the employment rate.
An Empirical Study on the Manufacturing Firm’s Strategic Choice for Sustainability in SMEs
Authors: Suh Chang , Lee In
Published: February 2018

To survive in the current competitive, unpredictable business environment, it is significant for firms to search and enforce capabilities that lead them to adapt and cope with dynamic changes of environment for their sustainability. We try to connect operation issues with sustainability in this paper. From the perspective of the dynamic capabilities of the firm, this study suggests a conceptual model that presents relationships among supply chain visibility, modular design, supply chain flexibility, and agility. We do not focus on the module buyer but on the small and middle-sized enterprises (SMEs). An empirical study is performed to verify the relationships proposed, using datasets collected from 232 manufacturing SMEs as module suppliers in South Korea. We used SPSS to analyze data and structural equation modeling to verify the hypotheses of the research model. The important contributions of this study are as follows. Firstly, we suggest relationships among supply chain visibilities and a modular design for supply chain flexibility and agility in sustainable performance. Secondly, we show that supply chain visibility directly leads firms to implement modular design in sustainable development. Thirdly, we verify the importance of supply chain visibility, not for module buyers, but for module suppliers by switching views in terms of SMEs’ sustainability. Lastly, this study shows that the suppliers’ modular design affects supply chain flexibility and agility, which is consistent with the findings presented in the literature.
A Method of Evaluating Ecological Compensation Under Different Property Rights and Stages: A Case Study of the Xiaoqing River Basin, China
Authors: Yang Yuheng , Zhang Xi , Chang Leran , Cheng Yufei , Cao Shengle
Published: February 2018

To solve the problem of unitary ecological compensation standards in river basins by scientifically clarifying the compensation for ecological protection investments and for pollution, this research divided ecological environment property relations between the upstream and downstream into three types: downstream ecological compensation for the upstream, upstream ecological compensation for the downstream and sharing the rights of the ecological environment. The various compensation standards were divided into three stages according to the location quotient and pollutant concentration. Calculation and analysis were performed for the ecological compensation of the Xiaoqing River Basin at the junction of Jinan City and Binzhou City of Shandong Province as an example. The results showed that: (1) the downstream compensations for the three stages were 2.139 billion yuan, 2.349 billion yuan and 2.489 billion yuan when only the downstream ecological compensation for the upstream was considered; (2) the compensations for the three stages were 88 million yuan, 107 million yuan, 124 million yuan when only the upstream ecological compensation for the downstream was considered; and (3) the compensations in the three stages were 2.051 billion yuan, 2.242 billion yuan, 2.365 billion yuan when ecological environment rights were shared. Under this property relation, the ecological compensation standard considering water quality and water yield and the goal of ecological environmental protection are clear and the content of compensation is complete, which is easily accepted by all parties.
Meningococcal Vaccines: Current Status and Emerging Strategies
Authors: McCarthy Pumtiwitt C. , Sharyan Abeer , Sheikhi Moghaddam Laleh
Published: February 2018

Neisseria meningitidis causes most cases of bacterial meningitis. Meningococcal meningitis is a public health burden to both developed and developing countries throughout the world. There are a number of vaccines (polysaccharide-based, glycoconjugate, protein-based and combined conjugate vaccines) that are approved to target five of the six disease-causing serogroups of the pathogen. Immunization strategies have been effective at helping to decrease the global incidence of meningococcal meningitis. Researchers continue to enhance these efforts through discovery of new antigen targets that may lead to a broadly protective vaccine and development of new methods of homogenous vaccine production. This review describes current meningococcal vaccines and discusses some recent research discoveries that may transform vaccine development against N. meningitidis in the future.
Synthesis and stability of strongly acidic benzamide derivatives
Authors: Diness Frederik , Bjerrum Niels J , Begtrup Mikael
Published: February 2018

Reactivity studies of strong organic acids based on the replacement of one or both of the oxygens in benzoic acids with the trifluoromethanesulfonamide group are reported. Novel derivatives of these types of acids were synthesized in good yields. The generated N-triflylbenzamides were further functionalized through cross-coupling and nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. All compounds were stable in dilute aqueous solutions. Studies of stability under acidic and basic conditions are also reported.
Strong Evidence against a Non-degenerate Companion in SN 2012cg
Authors: Shappee B. J. , Piro A. L. , Stanek K. Z. , Patel S. G. , Margutti R. A. , Lipunov V. M. , Pogge R. W.
Published: February 2018

Even though SN 2012cg is one of the best-studied Type Ia supernovae to date, the nature of its progenitor system has been debated in numerous studies. Specifically, it is difficult to reconcile recent claims of the detection of a ∼6

MS companion with recent deep, late-time

flux limits. In this study we add three new constraints. (1) We analyze a new high-signal-to-noise, nebular-phase, Large Binocular Telescope/MODS spectrum of SN 2012cg and place an upper limit on the amount of low-velocity, solar-abundance material removed from a possible companion of

. (2) We use Swift X-ray observations to constrain the pre-explosion mass-loss rate to be

for

. (3) We carefully reanalyze a prediscovery MASTER image, and with published light curves of SN 2012cg we estimate the time of first light and conservatively constrain the radius of a Roche-lobe overflowing companion to be

. These observations disagree with a large nearby companion, and when considered with other studies of SN 2012cg’s progenitor system, essentially rule out a non-degenerate companion.
Effect of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 on loose stools in healthy volunteers
Authors: Hatanaka M. , Yamamoto K. , Suzuki N. , Iio S. , Takara T. , Morita H. , Takimoto T. , Nakamura T.
Published: February 2018

Ingestion of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 spores (C-3102) has relieved the symptoms of diarrhoea in piglets and changed the composition of gut microbiota in humans. Recently, it was suggested that the composition of the human gut microbiota affects stool consistency. In this study, a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to assess the preventive effects of chronic diarrhoea in healthy volunteers with loose stools by ingestion of C-3102. The results showed that oral doses of C-3102 tablets significantly decreased the Bristol Stool Scale score and stool frequency, and also significantly improved abdominal sounds. With regard to gut microbiota, the relative abundance of Lachnospira, Actinomyces and SMB53 were significantly changed. This study shows that C-3102 could be effective for treating loose stools (Trial registration: UMIN000022583, http://tinyurl.com/ya4refqn).
Classification Technique of Interviewer-Bot Result using Naïve Bayes and Phrase Reinforcement Algorithms
Authors: Sarosa Moechammad , Junus Mochammad , Hoesny Mariana Ulfah , Sari Zamah , Fatnuriyah Martin
Published: February 2018

Students with hectic college schedules tend not to have enough time repeating the course material. Meanwhile, after they graduated, to be accepted in a foreign company with a higher salary, they must be ready for the English-based interview. To meet these needs, they try to practice conversing with someone who is proficient in English. On the other hand, it is not easy to have someone who is not only proficient in English, but also understand about a job interview related topics. This paper presents the development of a machine which is able to provide practice on English-based interviews, specifically on job interviews. Interviewer machine (interviewer bot) is expected to help students practice on speaking English in particular issue of finding suitable job. The interviewer machine design uses words from a chat bot database named ALICE to mimic human intelligence that can be applied to a search engine using AIML. Naïve Bayes algorithm is used to classify the interview results into three categories: POTENTIAL, TALENT and INTEREST students. Furthermore, based on the classification result, the summary is made at the end of the interview session by using phrase reinforcement algorithms. By using this bot, students are expected to practice their listening and speaking skills, also to be familiar with the questions often asked in job interviews so that they can prepare the proper answers. In addition, the bot’ users could know their potential, talent and interest in finding a job, so they could apply to the appropriate companies. Based on the validation results of 50 respondents, the accuracy degree of interviewer chat-bot (interviewer engine) response obtained 86.93%.
The Effects of Static and Dynamic Visual Representations as Aids for Primary School Children in Tasks of Auditory Discrimination of Sound Patterns. An Intervention-based Study.
Authors: Tejada Jesus , Serra Delia
Published: February 2018

It has been proposed that non-conventional presentations of visual information could be very useful as a scaffolding strategy in the learning of Western music notation. As a result, this study has attempted to determine if there is any effect of static and dynamic presentation modes of visual information in the recognition of sound patterns. An intervention-based quasi-experimental design was adopted with two groups of fifth-grade students in a Spanish city. Students did tasks involving discrimination, auditory recognition and symbolic association of the sound patterns with non-musical representations, either static images (S group), or dynamic images (D group). The results showed neither statistically significant differences in the scores of D and S, nor influence of the covariates on the dependent variable, although statistically significant intra-group differences were found for both groups. This suggests that both types of graphic formats could be effective as digital learning mediators in the learning of Western musical notation.
The Effect of Using Flipped Classroom Strategy on the Academic Achievement of Fourth Grade Students in Jordan
Authors: Elian Shereen Mazen , Hamaidi Diala Abdul Hadi
Published: February 2018

This study aimed at investigating the effect of flipped classroom strategy on the academic achievement in the subject of science among fourth grade students in Jordan. The study population consists of all fourth grade students in the Directorate of Private Education in Amman area, totaling 2134 students during the second semester of the academic year 2015-2016. The study sample consists of 44 male and female students who were chosen purposely from the study population. The study sample was distributed into two groups: the experimental group that consisted of 22 students, who has studied according to flipped classroom strategy, and the control group that consisted of 22 students, who has studied in the ordinary method. To achieve the objectives of the study, an achievement test was prepared and its validity and reliability were checked. ANCOVA, Means, and Standard Deviations were used to analyze the collected research data. The study deduced the following results: 1) There are statistically significant differences in the Means on the educational achievement test attributed to the teaching strategy, in favor of the members of the experimental group, and 2) there are no statistically significant differences in the Means on the academic achievement test attributed to gender. In light of the findings, the study recommended encouraging science teachers to teach students using teaching strategies emanated from the use of modern technologies, particularly the flipped classroom strategy. In addition, the study suggested that colleges of education should train prospective teachers on the use of teaching strategies stemming from modern educational theories and strategies such as the flipped classroom strategy during the period of preparing them to teach. Furthermore, the study recommended re-applying this experience and identifying its effectiveness at other schools stages and other subjects in other content areas.
Perceived Promoters of and Barriers to Use of a Learning Management System in an Undergraduate Nursing Program
Authors: Alhosban Fuad , Ismaile Samantha
Published: February 2018

Effective presentation of information is essential in teaching and learning. We assessed the promoters of and barriers to utilization of a learning man-agement system, namely Blackboard (Blackboard Inc., Washington DC, USA), by undergraduate nursing students. We investigated their utilization of Blackboardand provided recommendations to improve their teaching and learning. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 304 women in their second to fourth years of study using a validated questionnaire that evalu-ated their perceptions of Blackboard utilization. Data were collected be-tween January and February 2017 and analyzed using descriptive and com-parative statistics. The response rate was 67.5%. The most frequently report-ed promoters of Blackboard utilization were factors related to obtaining course specifications, materials, and grades (means: 3.54  1.18, 3.54  1.25, and 3.55  1.34, respectively). The most commonly mentioned barriers to Blackboard utilization were factors related to loss of communication and feedback from educators (mean: 4.21  1.05). Our results revealed that students experiences of using such systems are often negative, especially in terms of communication, interaction, and feedback. Investment in staff training and creation of new roles to monitor, maintain, and audit the quali-ty of such systems are recommended.
Construction and Implementation of Teaching Mode for Digital Mapping based on Interactive Micro-course Technology
Authors: Gao Ning
Published: February 2018

The era of “Internet + education” has caused reforms in teaching ideas, teaching modes, and learning styles. The emergence of micro-course technology provides new strategies for integrating learning styles. Task-driven digital mapping teaching, known as traditional classroom organization, has poor teaching effect due to single learning style and strategy. A new teaching mode for digital mapping was constructed in this study based on micro-course technology by combining interactive micro-course technology and digital mapping teaching to adapt to the demands of modern teaching. This teaching mode mainly included four modules, namely, micro-courseware, micro-video, micro-exercise, and micro-examination. It realized the hierarchical teaching of knowledge points in digital mapping course, simplification of basic principles, simulation of engineering cases, and self-evaluation of learning outcomes. The teaching mode was applied to 114 students from the Mapping Engineering Department of Henan University of Urban Construction. Results indicate that the proposed teaching mode based on interactive micro-course technology promoting the independent after-class learning of the students, stimulating their learning enthusiasm, enhancing their practical abilities of the students, and improving the effect of teaching. This mode of teaching provides a new concept for the teaching mode reform of other courses in mapping engineering.
Taxonomic revision of Leiosoma cribrum species group (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae)
Authors: Pedroni Guido
Published: February 2018

The species of the genus Leiosoma Stephens, 1829 close to Leiosoma cribrum (Gyllenhal, 1834) are reviewed. The Leiosoma cribrum species group is proposed. Leiosoma cribrum (Gyllenhal, 1834) and Leiosoma concinnum Boheman, 1842 are redescribed; lectotypes are designated for both species. Neotypes are designated for Liosoma carpathicum Brancsik, 1899 and Liosoma isabellae Tschapeck, 1874. Four new species are described: Leiosoma diottii n.sp. (southern Italy), Leiosoma komovicum n.sp. (Montenegro), Leiosoma kostali n.sp. and Leiosoma senex n.sp. (Romania). A key to the species of the group is provided. Observations on the ecology and remarks for each species are reported. The species of the Leiosoma cribrum group are mostly spread over high-mountain ecosystems.
Volatility and risk of equity in retirement portfolios
Authors: Snyman Paul , Smith Nico
Published: February 2018

Financial planners often manage volatility believing that it is the same as managing risk. The FTSE/JSE Top 40 Index (Topi) and the FTSE/JSE All Share Index (Alsi) were used as samples to investigate volatility and risk in equity investments. A target return was determined as a benchmark for required return. The volatility analysis indicated that investments in the Topi and the Alsi were too risky for a retirement portfolio. Five sets of actual investments in the Topi and Alsi were then simulated. The internal rate of return (IRR) of each investment was determined and compared with the target return. This revealed that the risk of each of the five simulated sets of investments was acceptable for a retirement portfolio. It was concluded that volatility analysis of monthly returns was not suitable to determine the risk of equity investments in retirement portfolios.
Creating value in accounting education with a qualitative research methodology
Authors: Rhodes Nadia
Published: February 2018

This article reports on the transformative design principles that were generated during the process of better aligning accounting education with accounting practice. Managing the risk of a disparity between accounting education and practice by matching the dynamics of the workplace and education arena could create value for the accounting graduate and the employer. In the process of change necessary for the integration of accounting software skills in accounting education transformation design principles were identified as imperative ground rules. The development and conceptualisation of the transformation design principles were drawn from iterative cycles, unique coding and analysis from the infusion of two research methods. The infusion of the two research methods contributed to the development of the transformative design principles, which led to the reform of accounting education in higher education. The transformative design principles developed are demonstrated to have generic properties that could be applied to other environments.
Non-recognition of internally generated brands: implications for the usefulness of financial statements
Authors: Van Aardt Van Der Spuy Pieter
Published: February 2018

International Accounting Standard 38 (IAS38) prohibits the recognition of internally generated brands as assets. This article explores the implications of this prohibition for the usefulness of financial statements, focusing on the implications for note-disclosure. A theoretical doctrinal research approach is taken in which the literature on intangible assets and current accounting standards is examined and evaluated. The article highlights the information content relevant to unrecognised brand assets that is not currently disclosed to users of financial statements. Furthermore, the article argues and explains how this situation may compromise the usefulness of financial statements. Practitioners compiling financial statements may find the conclusions and recommendations useful in improving voluntary note-disclosure when a reporting entity owns significant unrecognised brand assets. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) may find the article useful in reviewing IAS38’s mandatory note-disclosure requirements in order to improve the usefulness of financial statements.
Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Children in Coastal Kenya
Authors: Heath Claire J. , Nayakwadi-Singer Monica , King Charles H. , Malhotra Indu , Mutuku Francis , Mukoko Dunstan , LaBeaud A. Desiree
Published: February 2018

Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) is a leading cause of child mortality globally, killing around half a million children aged 5 years and less per year. Nasopharyngeal carriage of SP is a prerequisite to disease, and the prevalence of colonization reaches 100% within the first few years of life. Serotype prevalence varies geographically, impacting the serotype coverage of pneumococcal vaccines, and serotype prevalence data are limited from large regions of the world, including sub-Saharan Africa. We enrolled 323 unvaccinated children, aged 4–7 years from coastal Kenya and obtained nasopharyngeal swab samples before and after vaccination with the 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine. Vaccination did not reduce the overall prevalence of pneumococcal carriage in our cohort, with 65 (20%) children colonized before vaccination and 63 (19.4%) colonized postvaccination. However, the prevalence of vaccine-included serotypes (vaccine strains) declined from 43% to 19% of positive swabs, whereas non-vaccine serotypes increased from 46% to 73%. This study contributes to the few data available regarding pneumococcal carriage and serotype prevalence in Kenya and is in concordance with reports of dynamic serotype replacement, driven by vaccine pressure.
Religious Humor in Evangelical Christian and Mormon Culture
Authors: McIntyre Elisha
Published: February 2018

Incorporating perspectives from religious studies, humor studies, cultural and film studies, and theology, as well as original data from textual analysis and the voices of religious comedians, this book critically analyses the experiences of believers who appreciate that their faith is not necessarily a barrier to their laughter.

It is often thought that religion and humor are incompatible, but Religious Humor in Evangelical Christian and Mormon Culture shows that humor is not only a popular means of entertainment, but also a way in which an individual or community expresses their identity and values. Elisha McIntyre argues that believers embrace their sense of humor, actively producing and consciously consuming comic entertainment that reflects their own experiences.

This process is not however without conflict. The book argues that there are specific characteristics that indicate a unique kind of humor that may be called ‘religious humor’. Through an examination of religious humor found in stand-up comedy, television sitcoms, comedy film, and satirical cartoons, and drawing on interview data, the book outlines the main considerations that Christians take into account when choosing their comedy entertainment. These include questions about ideology, blasphemy, taboos around the body, and the motives behind the joke.
Retroactivity and Contemporary Art
Authors: Staff Craig
Published: February 2018

Contemporary art is often preoccupied with time, or acts in which the past is recovered. Through specific case studies of artists who strategically work with historical moments, this book examines how art from the last two decades has sought to mobilize these particular histories, and to what effect, against the backdrop of Modernism.

Drawing on the art theory of Rosalind Krauss and the philosophies of Paul Ricoeur, Gerhard Richter, and Pierre Nora, Retroactivity in the Work of Contemporary Art interprets those works that foreground some aspect of retroactivity – whether re-enacting, commemorating, or re-imagining – as key artistic strategies.

This book is striking philosophical reflection on time within art and art within time, and an indispensable read for those attempting to understand the artistic significance of history, materiality, and memory.
Sacred Spaces and Transnational Networks in American Sufism
Authors: Xavier Merin Shobhana
Published: February 2018

This book sheds light on the Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship (BMF), one of North America's major Sufi movements, and one of the first to establish a Sufi shrine in the region. It provides the first comprehensive overview of the BMF, offering new insight into its historical development and practices, and charting its establishment in both the United States and Sri Lanka.

Through ethnographic research, Sacred Spaces and Transnational Networks in American Sufism shows that the followers of Bawa in the United States and Sri Lanka share far more similarities in the relationships they form with spaces, Bawa, and Sufism, than differences. This challenges the accepted conceptualization of Sufism in North America as having a distinct “Americanness”, and prompts scholars to re-consider how Sufism is developing in the modern American landscape, as well as globally.

The book focuses on the transnational spaces and ritual activities of Bawa’s communities, mapping parallel shrines and pilgrimages. It examines the roles of culture, religion, and gender and their impact on ritual embodiment, drawing attention to the global range of a Sufi community through engagement with its distinct Muslim, Hindu, Jewish, and Christian followers.
Death, Ritual and Belief
Authors: Davies Douglas
Published: February 2018

Death, Ritual and Belief, now in its third edition, explores many important issues related to death and dying, from a religious studies perspective, including anthropology and sociology. Using the motif of 'words against death' it depicts human responses to grief by surveying the many ways in which people have not let death have the last word, not simply in terms of funeral rites but also in memorials, graves, and in ideas of ancestors, souls, gods, reincarnation and resurrection, whether in the great religious traditions of the world or in more local customs. He also examines bereavement and grief, experiences of the presence of dead, near-death experiences, pet-death and the symbolic death played out in religious rites.

Updated chapters have taken into account new research and include additional topics in this new edition, notably assisted dying, terrorism, green burial, material culture, death online, and the emergence of Death Studies as a distinctive field. Case studies range from Anders Breivik in Norway, to the Princess of Wales, and to the Rapture in the USA. A new perspective is also brought to his account of grief theories

Providing an introduction to key authors and authorities on death beliefs, bereavement, grief and ritual-symbolism, Death, Ritual and Belief is an authoritative guide to the perspectives of major religious and secular worldviews
A proteção ambiental como efeito indireto do sistema de gestão de energia ISO 50001
Authors: Linck Bassani Matheus , Serrano Osorio Ricardo
Published: February 2018

O artigo possui o objetivo de analisar o alcance da proteção ambiental internacional mediante a adoção, implementação e certificação da norma ISO 50001, que trata sobre Sistemas de Gestão de Energia (SGE). A problemática de pesquisa parte do fato que a dependência energética global está aumentando pela constante aposta pelos recursos derivados de combustíveis fósseis, o que o direciona à necessidade de explorar novas fontes de energia, assim como a implementação de novos instrumentos de gestão empresarial ambiental que salvaguardem tanto os interesses operacionais das organizações, quanto a sua responsabilidade socioambiental com todos os agentes que estejam sobre seu entorno de negócios. De fato, se as fontes de energia não são renováveis, os recursos naturais são exauríveis e podem desaparecer num futuro próximo. Para evitar essa tendência de infortúnio, surge a necessidade de adotar novos padrões de eficiência energética na sua geração e consumo para alcançar maior proteção ambiental de alcance global. Nesse contexto, parte-se da hipótese de que a norma ISO 50001 para SGE poderia contribuir sim na redução de consumo de energia propriamente mediante maior eficiência energética. Mediante método dedutivo, chegou-se ao resultado de que a ISO 50001 não é uma fonte do direito ambiental global em razão de apresentar efeitos indiretos na proteção ambiental, já que sua natureza é uma norma de gestão ou procedimento e não uma norma de desempenho, dificultando o compliance e o enforcement, e sua finalidade está fundada na procura da otimização dos custos de produção dos bens produzidos, isto é, sobre a redução de todos seus custos de transações operacionais localizados a cadeia de valor organizacional.
O civilizador gentil das Américas: considerações em torno da obra The Hidden History of International Law in the Americas: Empire and Legal Networks, de Juan Pablo Scarfi
Authors: Luz Cicero Krupp da
Published: February 2018

O criativo título do livro de Juan Pablo Scarfi faz uma promessa incendiária: desvelar a história não contada da formação do direito internacional nas Américas. Após promover a curiosidade, o subtítulo indica a reflexões sobre conceitos de império e de redes jurídicas. Este último pretende promover diferenciada relevância ao redor de associações de intelectuais, políticos e juristas que, de acordo com o autor, colaboraram de maneira irrefutável para formação do direito internacional nas Américas. Já o império faz referência ao modo hegemônico de civilizador gentil dos Estados Unidos da América na incipiente construção do direito internacional, que embora índole legalista, nunca deixou de ter um caráter de dominação, como no forjar das diferenças entre orientais e ocidentais, da obra inaugural do pensamento pós-colonialista, de Edward Said: “Há ocidentais, e há orientais. Os primeiros dominam; os últimos devem ser dominados, o que geralmente significa ter suas terras ocupadas, seus assuntos internos rigidamente controlados, seu sangue e seu tesouro colocados à disposição de uma ou outra potência ocidental.”
Cloud and aerosol radiative effects as key players for anthropogenic
changes in atmospheric dynamics over southernWest Africa
Authors: Deetz Konrad , Vogel Heike , Knippertz Peter , Adler Bianca , Taylor Jonathan , Coe Hugh , Bower Keith , Haslett Sophie , Flynn Michael , Dorsey James , Crawford Ian , Kottmeier Christoph , Vogel Bernhard
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Southern West Africa (SWA) undergoes rapid and significant socioeconomic changes associated with a massive increase in air pollution. Still, the impact of atmospheric pollutants, in particular that of aerosol particles, on weather and climate in this region is virtually unexplored. In this study, the regional-scale model framework COSMO-ART is applied to SWA for a summer monsoon process study on 2–3 July 2016 to assess the aerosol direct and indirect effect on clouds and the atmospheric dynamics. The modeling study is supported by observational data obtained during the extensive field campaign of the project DACCIWA (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa) in June–July 2016. As indicated in previous studies, a coastal front is observed that develops during daytime and propagates inland in the evening (Atlantic Inflow). Increasing the aerosol amount in COSMO-ART leads to reduced propagation velocities with frontal displacements of 10–30 km and a weakening of the nocturnal low-level jet. This is related to a subtle balance of processes related to the decrease in near-surface heating: (1) flow deceleration due to reduced land-sea temperature contrast and thus local pressure gradient, (2) reduced turbulence favoring frontal advance inland and (3) delayed stratus-to-cumulus transition of 1–2 h via a later onset of the convective boundary layer. The spatial shift of the Atlantic Inflow and the temporal shift of the stratus-to-cumulus transition are synergized in a new conceptual model. We hypothesize a negative feedback of the stratus-to-cumulus transition on the Atlantic Inflow with increased aerosol. The results exhibit radiation as the key player governing the aerosol affects on SWA atmospheric dynamics via the aerosol direct effect and the Twomey effect, whereas impacts on precipitation are small.
Development of an incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer for in situ measurements of HONO and NO2 in China
Authors: Duan Jun , Qin Min , Ouyang Bin , Fang Wu , Li Xin , Lu Keding , Tang Ke , Liang Shuaixi , Meng Fanhao , Hu Zhaokun , Xie Pinhua , Liu Wenqing
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Gaseous nitrous acid (HONO) is an important source of OH radical in the troposphere. However, its source, especially that during daytime hours remains unclear. We report hereby a home-built instrument for simultaneous unambiguous measurements of HONO and NO2 with high time resolution based on incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS). To achieve robust performance and system stability under different environment conditions, the current IBBCEAS instrument has made significant improvements in terms of efficient sampling as well as resistance against vibration and temperature change, and the IBBCEAS instrument also has low-power consumption and a compact design that can be easily deployed on different platforms powered by a high-capacity lithium ion battery. The effective cavity length of the IBBCEAS was determined using the absorption of O2-O2 to account for the shortening effect caused by the mirror purge flows. The wall loss for HONO was estimated to be 2 % via a HONO standard generator. Measurement precisions (2σ) for HONO and NO2 are about 180 ppt and 340 ppt in 30 s, respectively. A field inter-comparison was carried out at a rural suburban site in Wangdu, Hebei Province, China. The concentrations of HONO and NO2 measured by IBBCEAS were compared with a long optical path absorption photometer (LOPAP) and a NOx analyzer (Thermo Electron Model 42i), and the results showed very good agreement, with correlation coefficients (R2) of HONO and NO2 being ~ 0.89 and ~ 0.95, respectively, in addition, vehicle deployments were also tried to enable mobile measurements of HONO and NO2, demonstrating the promising potential of using IBBCEAS for in situ, sensitive, accurate and fast simultaneous measurements of HONO and NO2 in the future.
Closing the Energy Balance using a Canopy Heat Capacity – A
physically based Approach for the Land Component JSBACHv3.11
Authors: Heidkamp Marvin , Chlond Andreas , Ament Felix
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Land surface-atmosphere interaction is one of the most important characteristic for understanding the terrestrial climate system, as it determines the exchange fluxes of energy and water between the land and the overlying air mass. In several current climate models, it is common practice to use an unphysical approach to close the surface energy balance within the uppermost soil layer with finite thickness and heat capacity. In this study, a different approach is investigated by means of a physical based estimation of the canopy heat capacity SkIn+. Therefore, in a first step, results of an offline simulation of the land component JSBACH of the MPI-ESM – constrained with atmospheric observations – are compared to energy- and water fluxes derived from eddy covariance measurements observed at the CASES-99 field experiment in Kansas where only shallow vegetation prevails. This comparison of energy and evapotranspiration fluxes with observations at the site-level provides an assessment of the model's capacity to correctly reproduce the coupling between the land and the atmosphere throughout the diurnal cycle. In a further step, a global coupled land-atmosphere experiment is performed using an AMIP type simulation over thirty years to evaluate the regional impact of the SkIn+ scheme on longer time scale, in particular, in respect to the effect of the canopy heat capacity. The results of the offline experiment show that SkIn+ leads to a warming during the day and to a cooling in the night relative to the old reference scheme, thereby improving the performance in the representation of the modeled surface fluxes on diurnal time scales. In particular: nocturnal heat releases unrealistically destroying the stable boundary layer disappear and phase errors are removed. On the global scale, for regions with no or low vegetation and a pronounced diurnal cycle, the nocturnal cooling prevails due to the fact that stable conditions at night maintain the delayed response in temperature, whereas the daytime turbulent exchange amplifies it. For the tropics and boreal forests as well as high latitudes, the scheme tends to warm the system.
Tool selection method based on transfer learning for CNC machines
Authors: Zhou Jingtao , Zhao Han , Wang Mingwei , Shi Bingbo
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Owing to the changes in product requirements and development of new tool technology, traditional tool selection approach based on the human experience is leading to time-consuming and low efficiency. Under the cooperation of historical data resource accumulated by manufacturing enterprises, with human expert resource, a new tool selection mechanism can be established. In this paper, we apply transfer learning to tool selection issue. Starting from the foundation of migration, we showed a unified expression of expert experience and process case in a multi-source heterogeneous environment. Then, we propose a transfer learning algorithm (TLrAdaBoost) based on AdaBoost, which uses a small amount of target domain data (expert experience sample) and a large number of source domain low-quality data (process case sample), to build a high-quality classification model. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Pore morphology of polar firn around closure revealed by X-ray tomography
Authors: Burr Alexis , Ballot Clément , Lhuissier Pierre , Martinerie Patricia , Martin Christophe L. , Philip Armelle
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Understanding the slow densification process of polar firn into ice is essential in order to constrain the age difference between the ice matrix and entrapped gases. The progressive microstructure evolution of the firn column with depth leads to pore closure and gas entrapment. Air transport models in the firn usually include a closed porosity profile based on available data. Pycnometry or melting-refreezing techniques have been used to obtain the ratio of closed to total porosity and air content in closed pores, respectively. X-ray computed tomography is complementary to these methods, as it enables to obtain the full pore network in 3D. This study takes advantage of this non-destructive technique to discuss the morphological evolution of pores on four different Antarctic sites. The computation of refined geometrical parameters for the very cold polar sites Dome C and Lock In (the two Antarctic plateau sites studied here) provides new information that could be used in further studies. The comparison of these two sites shows a more tortuous pore network at Lock In than at Dome C which should result in older gas ages in deep firn. A comprehensive estimation of the different errors related to X-ray tomography and to the sample variability has been performed. The procedure described here may be used as a guideline for further experimental characterization on firn samples. We show that the closed to total porosity ratio, which is classically used for the detection of pore closure, is strongly affected by the sample size, the image reconstruction and by spatial heterogeneities. In this work, we introduce an alternative parameter, the connectivity index, which is practically independent on sample size and image acquisition conditions, and that accurately predicts the close-off depth and density. Its strength also lies in its simple computation, without any assumption on the pore status (open or close). The close-off prediction is obtained for Dome C and Lock In, without any further numerical simulations on images (e.g. by permeability or diffusivity calculations).
Libertades subterráneas: rastros y herencias en El túnel y The Collector
Authors: Arango Vallejo Álvaro , Botero Camacho Manuel
Published: February 2018

El propósito de este artículo es establecer las posibles conexiones literarias y filosóficas entre El túnel de Ernesto Sábato (1948) y The Collector de John Fowles (1963). Para lograr esto se estudiarán motivos y situaciones comunes en ambas novelas a través del marco filosófico del existencialismo de Jean Paul Sartre. Los puntos principales que se consideran serán las visiones sartrianas de libertad, amor y poder. Para lograr un concepto más o menos claro de dichas ideas, se tendrán en cuenta obras tanto filosóficas como literarias del intelectual francés, y se procederá a investigar hasta qué punto la influencia de Sartre se presenta evidentemente en las novelas objeto de este estudio, ya sea a través de referencias directas al filósofo, o a leitmotifs recurrentes en las obras.
A VISUALIDADE INCORPORADA EM LA BÊTE DE WAGNER SHWARTZ
Authors: Duarte Sarah Marques
Published: February 2018

Partindo da observação/participação na obra La Bête (2013-) de Wagner Shwartz, o escrito desenvolve reflexão acerca dos modos particulares em que se instala a produção de sentido nesta ação de caráter participativo. Para o estudo pretendido, se utilizará como vetor de análise os conceitos de antimimesis e antiteatralidade,  a partir da abordagem de Luiz Fernando Ramos (2015), e de visualidade na práxis cênica com base em algumas reflexões surgidas no encontro com prof. Dr. Eduardo Tudella, durante o seminário Práxis cênico- espetacular e visualidades (primeiro semestre de 2017).  Posteriormente descreverá a ação proposta por Shwartz aos espectadores para refletir acerca da participação nesta experiência espetacular.
Family Ownership, Auditor Choice and Audit Fees: Evidence from Hong Kong
Authors: Lei Adrian C.H. , Lam Samuel W. K.
Published: February 2018

Purpose –The primary purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of family control/ownership on auditor choice and audit fees in Hong Kong. Besides, this paper also addresses the impact of multiple directorship of audit committee members on these two external auditing dimensions.Design/methodology/approach –Panel data technique is used to perform analysis. The unbalanced panel data set consists of 2,724 firm-year observations for nine years from year 2001 to 2009.Findings –The results indicate that family firms have a higher likelihood to appoint Big 5 auditors, it supports the signaling hypothesis. Contrasting the perceived higher audit risk, they incur lower audit fees. The results also show the independent audit committee members with multiple directorships are not affected by their busyness. Our results are also robust to the alternative definition of family firms and by using the sub-sample within 2004 - 2009. We also find that the firms controlled by recognized Big family in Hong Kong society incur higher audit fees but no support for family firm incurring higher non audit fee.Originality/value–First, our paper responds to the recent call for research for auditor choice and audit fees within the context of emerging economies. Secondly, this paper also explores other determinants of auditor choice and audit fees in HK such as the characteristics of the audit committee and multiple directorships. Thirdly, our findings contribute to the family firms’ literature by shedding light on family firms do enhance their external auditing function to improve the credibility of financial reporting of the firms which is expected to help investors and public in HK to know more about the effect of family control on the external auditing to protect their interest. The findings in this paper are also valuable to regulators who might concern the corporate governance and informativeness in family firms.