bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An exploratory survey about using ChatGPT in education, healthcare, and research
Authors: Hosseini Mohammad , Gao Catherine A. , Liebovitz David M. , Carvalho Alexandre M. , Ahmad Faraz S. , Luo Yuan , MacDonald Ngan , Holmes Kristi L. , Kho Abel
Published: April 2023

Objective ChatGPT is the first large language model (LLM) to reach a large, mainstream audience. Its rapid adoption and exploration by the population at large has sparked a wide range of discussions regarding its acceptable and optimal integration in different areas. In a hybrid (virtual and in-person) panel discussion event, we examined various perspectives regarding the use of ChatGPT in education, research, and healthcare. Materials and Methods We surveyed in-person and online attendees using an audience interaction platform (Slido). We quantitatively analyzed received responses on questions about the use of ChatGPT in various contexts. We compared pairwise categorical groups with Fisher's Exact. Furthermore, we used qualitative methods to analyze and code discussions. Results We received 420 responses from an estimated 844 participants (response rate 49.7%). Only 40% of the audience had tried ChatGPT. More trainees had tried ChatGPT compared with faculty. Those who had used ChatGPT were more interested in using it in a wider range of contexts going forwards. Of the three discussed contexts, the greatest uncertainty was shown about using ChatGPT in education. Pros and cons were raised during discussion for the use of this technology in education, research, and healthcare. Discussion There was a range of perspectives around the uses of ChatGPT in education, research, and healthcare, with still much uncertainty around its acceptability and optimal uses. There were different perspectives from respondents of different roles (trainee vs faculty vs staff). More discussion is needed to explore perceptions around the use of LLMs such as ChatGPT in vital sectors such as education, healthcare and research. Given involved risks and unforeseen challenges, taking a thoughtful and measured approach in adoption would reduce the likelihood of harm.
Species abundances often conform to ‘abundant-centre’ patterns depending on dispersal capabilities
Authors: Panter Connor T. , Bachman Steven P. , Baines Oliver , Bruelheide Helge , Kambach Stephan , Sporbert Maria , Field Richard , Schrodt Franziska
Published: April 2023

A shared goal within macroecology, biogeography and population ecology research is to understand biodiversity patterns and the processes driving them across spatial and taxonomic scales. A common approach to study macroecological patterns and processes involves developing and testing ecogeographical rules or hypotheses. The much-debated ‘abundant-centre’ hypothesis posits that species’ abundances are highest in their range centres and decline towards their range edges. We perform the largest global test of the hypothesis to date, on 3,675 species, using 6,055,549 abundance observations. Using meta-analytical approaches, we summarised species-level abundance–distance correlations exploring the effects of dispersal-related species traits on abundance–distance relationships. Overall, animals did not follow abundant-centre patterns, whereas plants tended to. Larger-bodied mammals were more likely to conform to abundant-centre patterns, as were mammals and freshwater fishes from higher latitudes. Perennial life cycles and large range sizes were significant predictors of abundant-centre patterns in plants. Trees and shrubs with larger seeds showed more support for abundant-centre patterns. Accounting for species dispersal improves models of abundant-centre patterns across geographic space. Assuming abundant-centre patterns represent optimal equilibria within nature, our findings suggest that abundant-centre relationships are not a general ecological phenomenon but tend to manifest only in species with higher dispersal capabilities.
A mobile app for chronic disease self-management for individuals with low health literacy: A multisite randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ownby Raymond L , Waldrop Drenna , Davenport Rosemary , Simonson Michael , Caballero Joshua , Thomas-Purcell Kamila , Purcell Donrie , Ayala Victoria , Gonzalez Juan , Patel Neil , Kondwani Kofi
Published: April 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a mobile app designed to improve chronic disease self-management in older adult patients with low health literacy and who had at least one chronic health condition, and to assess the impact of delivering information at different levels of reading difficulty.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was completed at two sites. Individuals 40 years of age and older screened for low health literacy who had at least one chronic health condition were randomly assigned to a tailored information multimedia app with text at one of three grade levels. Four primary outcomes were assessed: patient activation, chronic disease self-efficacy, health-related quality of life, and medication adherence.

Results

All groups showed overall increases in activation, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life, but no change in medication adherence. No between-group differences were observed.

Conclusions

The mobile app was effective in increasing participants’ levels of several psychosocial variables, but reading difficulty level was not significantly related to outcomes.

Registered atclinicaltrials.govNCT02922439.
Predicting In-hospital Mortality Using Elixhauser Comorbidity in Patients Underwent Single and Multiple Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Li Renxi
Published: April 2023

Background

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery is a high-risk surgery (mortality rate between 2-4 percent) performed in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Cardiovascular diseases are strongly associated with comorbidities. This study aimed to assess the prediction of in-hospital mortality by comorbidities in patients who underwent single, double, triple, or quadruple and more CABG.

Methods

The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was used to extract patients who received 1, 2, 3, or 4+ CABG between the last quarter of 2015 and 2020. Best-fit model by logistic regressions was used to predict in-hospital mortality by Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI). Moreover, age was adjusted in ECI prediction.

Results

In-hospital mortality was best predicted by ECI in patients who underwent 3 CABG (c-statistic = 0.6325, 95% CI = 0.6151-0.6499), followed by 4+ CABG (c-statistic = 0.6308, 95% CI = 0.5997-0.6620), 1 CABG (c-statistic = 0.6194, 95% CI = 0.6108-0.6281), and 2 CABG (c-statistic = 0.6193, 95% CI = 0.6069-0.6317). After adjusting for age, ECI adequately predicted in-hospital mortality in 4+ CABG (c-statistic = 0.7196, 95% CI = 0.6916-0.7477) and 3 CABG (c-statistic = 0.6937, 95% CI = 0.6774-0.7101). The predictive power for age-adjusted ECI was comparable in 1 CABG (c-statistic = 0.6674, 95% CI = 0.6594-0.6755) and 2 CABG (c-statistic = 0.6664, 95% CI = 0.6549-0.6780).

Conclusions

This study showed that ECI alone was a moderate (c-statistic 0.6-0.7) predictor of in-hospital mortality in all CABG. Age-adjusted ECI could effectively predict in-hospital mortality, especially in patients who underwent 3 and 4+ CABG.
A visual approach to support process analysts in working with process improvement opportunities
Authors: Kubrak Kateryna , Milani Fredrik , Nolte Alexander
Published: April 2023

Purpose

When improving business processes, process analysts can use data-driven methods, such as process mining, to identify improvement opportunities. However, despite being supported by data, process analysts decide which changes to implement. Analysts often use process visualisations to assess and determine which changes to pursue. This paper helps explore how process mining visualisations can aid process analysts in their work to identify, prioritise and communicate business process improvement opportunities.

Design/methodology/approach

The study follows the design science methodology to create and evaluate an artefact for visualising identified improvement opportunities (IRVIN).

Findings

A set of principles to facilitate the visualisation of process mining outputs for analysts to work with improvement opportunities was suggested. Particularly, insights into identifying, prioritising and communicating process improvement opportunities from visual representation are outlined.

Originality/value

Prior work focuses on visualisation from the perspectives – among others – of process exploration, process comparison and performance analysis. This study, however, considers process mining visualisation that aids in analysing process improvement opportunities.
Impact of corporate social responsibility on carbon emission reduction in supply chains
Authors: Zhou Weijie , Zhu Jianhua , Zhang Ce
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to introduce corporate social responsibility into the green supply chain and analyse the impact of different decision makers’ decision-making schemes on carbon emission reduction in the supply chain.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a two-stage low-carbon supply chain composed of a manufacturer and retailer as the research object. It uses the Stackelberg game model to analyse optimal carbon emission reduction and its influence under different decision-making modes.

Findings

Increased consumer green preferences and trust can improve the manufacturing enterprises’ carbon emission reduction rate. The carbon emission reduction rate decreases with increased green innovation costs. When green technology innovation costs remain constant, the greater the market capacity, the higher the carbon emission reduction rate. Market capacity has the most significant impact on the optimal carbon emission reduction rate without considering social responsibility decisions and has the least impact on the optimal carbon emission reduction rate while fully considering the social responsibility decision. To achieve decarbonisation production, the market capacity must be small, and when green innovation costs are high, it is the optimal choice without considering social responsibility. To achieve a higher level of carbon emission reduction, when the market capacity is low and the research and development cost is high or when the market capacity is large, it is the optimal choice.

Originality/value

The results provide scientific policy decisions and management significance for governments and enterprises in low-carbon subsidies and supply chain management. The findings also provide a basis for future theoretical research and enterprise practice.
Effects of member similarity on group norm conformity, group identity and social participation in the context of social networking sites
Authors: Wang Edward , Liao Yu-Ting
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Facilitating members' continual participation in a community is crucial for ensuring the community's long-term survival. However, knowledge regarding whether member similarity is related to member participation and the mechanism underlying this relationship is limited. Drawing on similarity–attraction, social exchange and social identity theories, this study explored the influences of different facets of similarity (i.e. value, personality and goal similarity) on group norm conformity, group identity and social participation.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 444 Taiwanese members of social networking sites (SNSs), and structural equation modeling was employed to examine the hypothesized relationships.

Findings

The results revealed that value similarity directly affected group norm conformity but did not directly affect group identity; personality similarity influenced group identity but not group norm conformity. Goal similarity had positive influences on group norm conformity and group identity. Moreover, group norm conformity had direct and positive influences on group identity and social participation; group identity also had a positive influence on social participation.

Originality/value

On the basis of the aforementioned findings, this study contributes to the understanding of factors facilitating SNS members' participation from the perspective of similarity. These findings can serve as a reference for SNS administrators to facilitate social participation by emphasizing member similarity.
Career progression of women auditors in Tanzania: coping with the masculinity in audit firms
Authors: Mzenzi Siasa Issa
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This paper examines the career progression of women auditors working in auditing firms in Tanzania and the strategies employed by women auditors to cope with the masculine nature of audit firms.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with current and former female and male auditors in two auditing firms. A thematic approach to the analysis is adopted.

Findings

The study reveals that career progression of women auditors studied is constrained by gender-related barriers such as motherhood, pregnancy, maternity leave and limited coaching and networking, as well as household and caring responsibilities. These barriers are facilitated by the patriarchal system, which regards women as wives and mothers rather than professional workers. As a result, women auditors balanced work and family responsibilities by employing various coping strategies including establishing informal network organization, hiring nannies, living with family members, enrolling children to boarding schools and lobbying in the allocation of audit assignments. Despite employing these strategies, very few women reach top positions in audit firms in Tanzania.

Practical implications

The findings reveal a need for wider engagement on the role of women and men in society, particularly to address the gender-related barriers faced by women in the accountancy profession.

Originality/value

Most previous studies of gender in the accountancy profession have focused on Western contexts. This is one of few to examine the phenomenon in an African context.
Complements, substitutes or neither? A review of the relation between corporate social responsibility and corporate tax avoidance
Authors: Jemiolo Shannon , Farnsel Curtis
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This review analyzes the existing theoretical and empirical research on the relation between corporate taxation and corporate social responsibility (CSR). By synthesizing the current literature regarding the directional relation between tax avoidance and CSR, the authors are able to identify areas where further research on this relation should be targeted to maximize the public interest.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conduct a literature review of articles published in leading journals in the fields of accounting, finance and management. Reputable working papers are included to support emerging trends in the research and suggest meaningful paths forward.

Findings

The literature reveals a complex relation between corporate tax avoidance and CSR. The published research offers theoretical and empirical support for both a substitutive and a complementary directional relation. An actionable takeaway from this review is that corporate taxation must be considered jointly with CSR when seeking to maximize the public interest.

Originality/value

The authors find a rapid influx of research over the past decade that explores the complex directional relation between corporate tax avoidance and CSR. This review will be useful to researchers that are interested in moving beyond a directional characterization of this relation. By synthesizing both established and emerging literature, the authors provide a foundation and direction for future research to examine issues that may directly inform tax or firm policies to increase overall stakeholder welfare.
The rugged landscape of product stewardship: Does it invoke the double-edged effect of knowledge acquisition?
Authors: Paulraj Antony , Rajkumar Christopher , Blome Constantin , Faruquee Murtaza
Published: April 2023

Purpose

That knowledge acquisition from external sources can play a pivotal role in product design is a well-known fact. However, knowledge acquisition need not play a pivotal role in every context; it is also documented to have a dark side (i.e. negative impacts). Specifically, given that product stewardship, by definition, calls on each party in the product life cycle – including suppliers – to share responsibility for the environmental impact of products, the purpose of this study is to answer the question “whether knowledge acquired from suppliers plays a beneficial role in the context of product stewardship?”

Design/methodology/approach

This study focuses on the effect of knowledge acquisition on product stewardship and its subsequent effect on environmental performance. Given that the effect of knowledge acquisition could be moderated by firm-specific and relational factors, this study also considers the moderating role of knowledge exploitation and supplier opportunism. Using primary data, the hypotheses are tested using two-stage hierarchical ordinary least squares regression models involving valid instruments.

Findings

Though extant research doubts that knowledge acquisition will always be beneficial, this study adheres to the tenets of knowledge-based view and hypothesize that knowledge acquisition is pivotal to product stewardship and its subsequent impact on environmental performance. But the results suggest an intriguing double-edged effect of knowledge acquisition; while its direct effect on product stewardship is nonsignificant, it seemed to have a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between product stewardship and environmental performance. But whenever knowledge exploitation and supplier opportunism are maintained at ideal levels, this double-edged effect of knowledge acquisition is successfully negated.

Originality/value

While knowledge acquisition is key for new product design, its specific role in the product design that incorporates environmental considerations is still not clear. By proposing that knowledge acquisition could instead have a double-edged effect within the unique context of product stewardship, the study makes an invaluable contribution to the extant literature on knowledge management within supply chain relationships.
Monitoring and modelling the effects of ecosystem engineers on ecosystem functioning
Authors: Losapio Gianalberto , Genes Luísa , Knight Christopher J. , McFadden Tyler N. , Pavan Lucas
Published: April 2023

Biodiversity is crucial for supporting ecosystem functioning, yet some species play a disproportionate role in maintaining complex ecological processes. Ecosystem engineers are species that directly influence ecosystems by modifying biophysical environments, creating novel habitats, altering biogeochemical cycles, increasing biodiversity and/or modulating ecological processes. Although these species may substantially influence ecosystem functioning, their role is often overlooked and difficult to quantify. Understanding the status, dynamics and trends of ecosystem engineers is essential for mitigating biodiversity loss and maintaining healthy ecosystems.

This review reveals the common but underappreciated roles that ecosystem engineers play in ecosystem functioning across many different taxa, biomes and ecological processes. We first synthesise how knowledge of ecosystem engineering improves our understanding of species interactions and the ecological processes underlying both ecosystem functioning and BEF relationships. We provide a conceptual model for addressing the effects of ecosystem engineers in BEF research and ecological dynamics.

We provide a ‘how to’ analytical framework for monitoring and quantifying changes in ecosystem engineers and their effects on ecosystem functioning. This framework includes (i) what variables to measure, how and at which scale; (ii) experiments involving species exclusion or removal, introduction and comparative designs when experimental manipulation is not feasible and (iii) statistical, data‐driven and theory‐driven models.

We discuss how to leverage ecosystem engineering in the context of current global change and ecosystem restoration efforts. Including ecosystem engineers in conservation and restoration programs, when implemented in the appropriate context and supported by an understanding of ecological mechanisms and processes, may be crucial for sustaining biological diversity and functional ecosystems.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Has Chinese Certified Emission Reduction trading reduced rural poverty in China?
Authors: Zhang Yue‐Jun , Liu Jing‐Yue , Woodward Richard T.
Published: April 2023

Consolidating and expanding poverty alleviation while simultaneously reducing carbon emissions has become one of the main issues facing China. The Chinese Certified Emission Reduction (CCER) trading programme is an important supplementary mechanism to China's carbon trading market. Based on the data of 1782 counties in China from 2006 to 2017 and a difference‐in‐differences model, this study investigates the rural poverty reduction effect of CCER trading. We find that: (1) during the sample period, CCER trading has increased the per capita net income of rural residents by at least 2.5% or 187.5 RMB (about 27.8 USD or 39.3 AUD) per year. (2) The poverty reduction effect of CCER trading in poor counties is greater than that in nonpoor counties. (3) Some relevant heterogeneous effects are also measured. We find that CCER trading of hydropower projects has played a significant poverty reduction effect; the poverty reduction effect is further enhanced when the county has additional CCER projects; we also identify regional differences with CCER trading having a greater poverty reduction effect in the western and central regions. (4) Compared with the implementation of the CCER project, trading the emission reductions generated by the CCER project has brought more significant poverty reduction effects.
Spontaneous hospitalization in the immediate aftermath of the manchester arena bombing
Authors: Bartolucci Andrea , Magni Michele
Published: April 2023

The distribution of the patients among available hospitals is pivotal to effectively manage a terrorist attack. Unfortunately, by the time of the arrival of the first relief unit, victims self‐present to the hospital outside any distribution plan (spontaneous hospitalization). This paper presents an evidence‐based investigation of victims' spontaneous hospitalization and distribution of patients in the immediate aftermath of the Manchester Arena Bombing with a focus on patients who self‐presented at the local hospitals by nonambulance vehicles. Despite the quick arrival of the relief units, 85 patients (61%) made their own way to the hospitals, self‐presenting at an emergency department outside the dispersal framework. Results of this paper show that, differently from the literature, survivors not always decided to go to the closest hospital but, for people living close to the event (less than 15 miles) the decision is to go toward the most familiar hospital close to their home rather than the event. This paper can be used to improve response plans after terrorist attacks that consider victims' behavior and the phenomena of “reverse triage” and “wave of casualties”; without such consideration, in fact, a planned distribution and the consequently management plan effectiveness and efficacy are lower.
Migrant remittances, agriculture investment and cropping patterns
Authors: Ali Ubaid , Mughal Mazhar , de Boisdeffre Lionel
Published: April 2023

We investigate how the receipt and amount of domestic or international transfers influences household decisions regarding farm investment and the selection of capital and labour‐intensive crops. We argue that, even though recipient households may use additional income to increase agricultural investment, investment can fall in the short run if labour constraints arising from the migrant member's absence are binding and capital accumulation is suboptimal. Employing a set of endogenous treatment estimates, we test this hypothesis on data from 5636 rural households in Pakistan. Our findings show a substantial difference between recipient and non‐recipient households in terms of their economic behaviour. Recipient households make 100% less agricultural investment and generate 82% less production compared to non‐recipient households. The estimates are found to be robust when tested with alternate empirical techniques (Heckman Selection and matching). The impact is stronger in the case of households that receive domestic transfers, with 100% less farm investment and 77% less production than non‐recipient households. Remittances result in a decrease in production of both capital‐ and labour‐intensive crops, reflecting a decline in overall farm activity. Similar farm investment and cropping patterns are observed relative to the amount of remittances received. The results are robust to different model specifications and estimation procedures.
COL19A1 is a predictive biomarker for the responsiveness of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients to immune checkpoint therapy
Authors: Liu Jian‐Hua , Lin Ju‐Ze , Qiu Qianhui , Zhu Changbin , Li Weiwei , Li Qian , Huang Zhan , Xia Xueer , Qiao Guibin , Tang Jiming
Published: April 2023

Background

The use of neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy has revolutionized the management of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. Nevertheless, patients who would maximally benefit from these therapies have not been identified.

Methods

We collected postoperative specimens from 103 ESCC patients, of which 66 patients comprised a retrospective cohort and 37 comprised a prospective cohort. Patient specimens were subjected to applied multi‐omics analysis to uncover the mechanistic basis for patient responsiveness to cancer immunotherapy. The tumor microenvironment characteristics of these patient specimens was explored and identified by multiplex immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry.

Results

Results demonstrated high COL19A1 expression to be a novel biomarker for successful immunotherapy (COL19A1high, odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.31 [0.10–0.97], p = 0.044). Compared with COL19A1low patients, COL19A1high patients benefited more from neoadjuvant immunotherapy (p < 0.01), obtained better major pathological remissions (63.3%, p < 0.01), with a trend toward better recurrence‐free survival (p = 0.013), and overall survival (p = 0.056). Moreover, analysis of an immune‐activation subtype of patients demonstrated increased B cell infiltration to be associated with favorable patient survival and a better response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy.

Conclusions

The findings of this study provide insight into the optimal design of individual treatments for ESCC patients.
Detection of Ureaplasma diversum in the upper airways of Australian feedlot cattle
Authors: Barnewall RJ , Marsh IB , Cusack PMV , Galea F , Sales N , Quinn JC
Published: April 2023

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) exerts a major impact on the beef cattle industry nationally and worldwide, with a range of aetiological factors impacting its pathogenesis. Previous research has focussed on an increasing number of bacteria and viruses that have been shown to play a role in eliciting disease. Recently, additional agents have been emerging as potential contributors to BRD, including the opportunistic pathogen Ureaplasma diversum. To determine if U. diversum was present in Australian feedlot cattle and if that presence was linked to BRD, nasal swabs were collected from a cohort of 34 hospital pen animals and compared to 216 apparently healthy animals sampled contemporaneously at feedlot induction and again after 14 days on feed at an Australian feedlot. All samples were subjected to a de novo polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting U. diversum in combination with other BRD agents. U. diversum was detected at a low prevalence in cattle at induction (Day 0: 6.9%, Day 14: 9.7%), but in a significantly greater proportion of cattle sampled from the hospital pen (58.8%). When considering the presence of other BRD‐associated agents, co‐detection of U. diversum and Mycoplasma bovis was most common in hospital pen animals receiving treatment for BRD. These findings suggest that U. diversum may be an opportunistic pathogen involved in the aetiology of BRD in Australian feedlot cattle, in combination with other agents, with further studies are warranted to identify if a causal relationship exists.
Targeting muscarinic receptors for the treatment of alcohol use disorders: Opportunities and hurdles for clinical development
Authors: Walker Leigh C. , Huckstep Kade L. , Becker Howard C. , Langmead Christopher J. , Lawrence Andrew J.
Published: April 2023

Emerging evidence suggests muscarinic acetylcholine receptors represent novel targets to treat alcohol use disorder. In this review, we draw from literature across medicinal chemistry, molecular biology, addiction and learning/cognition fields to interrogate the proposition for muscarinic receptor ligands in treating various aspects of alcohol use disorder, including cognitive dysfunction, motivation to consume alcohol and relapse. In support of this proposition, we describe cholinergic dysfunction in the pathophysiology of alcohol use disorder at a network level, including alcohol‐induced adaptations present in both human post‐mortem brains and reverse‐translated rodent models. Preclinical behavioural pharmacology implicates specific muscarinic receptors, in particular, M4 and M5 receptors, as potential therapeutic targets worthy of further interrogation. We detail how these receptors can be selectively targeted in vivo by the use of subtype‐selective allosteric modulators, a strategy that overcomes the issue of targeting a highly conserved orthosteric site bound by acetylcholine. Finally, we highlight the intense pharma interest in allosteric modulators of muscarinic receptors for other indications that provide an opportunity for repurposing into the alcohol use disorder space and provide some currently unanswered questions as a roadmap for future investigation.
Extracellular vesicles in tumor angiogenesis and resistance to anti‐angiogenic therapy
Authors: Ye Zi‐Wu , Yu Zi‐Li , Chen Gang , Jia Jun
Published: April 2023

Tumor angiogenesis plays an important role in the development of cancer as it allows the delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors as well as tumor dissemination to distant organs. Although anti‐angiogenic therapy (AAT) has been approved for treating various advanced cancers, this potential strategy has limited efficacy due to resistance over time. Therefore, there is a critical need to understand how resistance develops. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano‐sized membrane‐bound phospholipid vesicles produced by cells. A growing body of evidence suggests that tumor cell‐derived EVs (T‐EVs) directly transfer their cargoes to endothelial cells (ECs) to promote tumor angiogenesis. Importantly, recent studies have reported that T‐EVs may play a major role in the development of resistance to AAT. Moreover, studies have demonstrated the role of EVs from non‐tumor cells in angiogenesis, although the mechanisms involved are still not completely understood. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the role of EVs derived from various cells, including tumor cells and non‐tumor cells, in tumor angiogenesis. Moreover, from the perspective of EVs, this review summarized the role of EVs in the resistance to AAT and the mechanisms involved. Due to their role in the resistance of AAT, we here proposed potential strategies to further improve the efficacy of AAT by inhibiting T‐EVs.
Recent advances of benzimidazole as anticancer agents
Authors: Venugopal Sneha , Kaur Balwinder , Verma Anil , Wadhwa Pankaj , Magan Muskan , Hudda Sharwan , Kakoty Violina
Published: April 2023

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, with 9.6 million deaths yearly. As a life‐threatening disease, it necessitates the emergence of new therapies. Resistance to current chemotherapies drives scientists to develop new medications that will eventually be accessible. Because heterocycles are so common in biological substances, compounds play a big part in the variety of medications that have been developed. The “Master Key” is the benzimidazole nucleus, which consists of a six‐membered benzene ring fused with a five‐membered imidazole/imidazoline ring, which is an azapyrrole. One of the five‐membered aromatic nitrogen heterocycles identified in American therapies that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Our results show that benzimidazole's broad therapeutic spectrum is due to its structural isosteres with purine, which improves hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions with topoisomerase complexes, intercalation with DNA, and other functions. It also enhances protein and nucleic acid inhibition, tubulin microtubule degeneration, apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, and other functions. Additionally, readers for designing the more recent benzimidazole analogues as prospective cancer treatments.
Healthcare professionals' experiences of situations during a procedure with a child with autism spectrum disorder in the high‐technology environment
Authors: Pettersson Emelie , Christensen Berit Møller , Berglund Ingalill Gimbler , Huus Karina
Published: April 2023

Background

High technological environments can be challenging for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), because they can be sensitive to new environments, new faces and changes in daily routines. Those children are frequent visitors in those settings, and due to their heightened healthcare needs and their comorbidities, it could constitute a challenge for healthcare professionals to encounter those children. Exploring the healthcare professionals' experiences can contribute to facilitate the procedure for a child with ASD.

Method

A qualitative descriptive retrospective design with a critical incident technique has been used to capture the situations. Twenty healthcare professionals were interviewed about situations affecting the procedure in the high‐technology environments, defined as anaesthesia and radiology departments.

Result

The findings revealed both favourable situations and unfavourable situations affecting the procedure in the high‐technology environment. The situations described by the healthcare professionals often involved their interactions with the child and the parents. The interactions were influenced by the parents' attitudes to the procedure and also the healthcare professionals and the parents' different expectations on the procedure. Other experiences described by the healthcare professionals were the unpredictability in different situations. Those situations were related to the child's unpredictable behaviour in those environments and also to the unpredictable effect of premedication provided to the child. Moreover, the result revealed the organizational prerequisites for facilitating a procedure, such as not feeling any time pressure when leading a child through a procedure.

Conclusions

Interactions between healthcare professionals, children with ASD and parents in the high‐technology environment are complex. Unpredictability characterizes situations when leading a child with ASD through a procedure. This place demands on the healthcare professional, the environment and the organization.
Deep Learning for Scene Flow Estimation on Point Clouds: A Survey and Prospective Trends
Authors: Li Zhiqi , Xiang Nan , Chen Honghua , Zhang Jianjun , Yang Xiaosong
Published: April 2023

Aiming at obtaining structural information and 3D motion of dynamic scenes, scene flow estimation has been an interest of research in computer vision and computer graphics for a long time. It is also a fundamental task for various applications such as autonomous driving. Compared to previous methods that utilize image representations, many recent researches build upon the power of deep analysis and focus on point clouds representation to conduct 3D flow estimation. This paper comprehensively reviews the pioneering literature in scene flow estimation based on point clouds. Meanwhile, it delves into detail in learning paradigms and presents insightful comparisons between the state‐of‐the‐art methods using deep learning for scene flow estimation. Furthermore, this paper investigates various higher‐level scene understanding tasks, including object tracking, motion segmentation, etc. and concludes with an overview of foreseeable research trends for scene flow estimation.
The impact of organisational factors on treatment outcomes for those seeking alcohol or other drug treatment: A systematic review
Authors: Hobden Breanne , Freund Megan , Lawson Samuel , Bryant Jamie , Walsh Justin , Leigh Lucy , Sanson‐Fisher Rob
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Organisational factors have been found to be associated with health outcomes in a number of health‐care settings. Despite likely being an important influence on the quality of care provided within alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment centres, the impact of organisational factors on AOD treatment outcomes have not been extensively explored. This systematic literature review examines the characteristics, methodological quality and findings of published studies exploring the association between organisational factors and client AOD treatment outcomes.

Methods

Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and the Cochrane database were searched from 2010 to March 2022 for relevant papers. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria underwent quality assessment using the Joanna Brigg's Institute critical appraisal tool for cross‐sectional studies, followed by data extraction of key variables pertaining to the aims. A narrative summary was used to synthesise the data.

Results

Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Organisational factors examined included cultural competency, organisational readiness for change, directorial leadership, continuity of care practices, service access, service to needs ratios, dual diagnosis training, therapeutic optimism and the funding model/health‐care system that treatment was delivered in. Outcome measures included duration, completion or continuation of treatment; AOD use; and patient perceptions of treatment outcomes. Seven out of nine papers found a significant interaction between at least one organisational variable and AOD treatment outcomes.

Discussion and Conclusions

Organisational factors are likely to impact treatment outcomes for patients seeking treatment for AOD. Further examination of the organisational factors that influence AOD outcomes is needed to inform systemic improvements to AOD treatment.
The basis and implications of diverging approaches to colorectal adenoma surveillance in the West
Authors: Ow Tsai‐Wing , Tse Edmund , Iyngkaran Guru , Macrae Finlay
Published: April 2023

Algorithms for the surveillance of colorectal adenomas have recently undergone revision in Australia and abroad. Despite a shared evidence base, significant differences are observed and optimal intervals for surveillance remain controversial. We sought to explore their differences in relation to current evidence, practical aspects and how we may improve our own approach to adenoma surveillance in Australia.
Digital sustainable business models: Using digital technology to integrate ecological sustainability into the core of business models
Authors: Böttcher Timo Phillip , Empelmann Sarah , Weking Jörg , Hein Andreas , Krcmar Helmut
Published: April 2023

When presented with the latest statistics on global warming, it becomes evident that ecological sustainability will be equally important as economic sustainability for companies. A new wave of start‐ups shows that ecological sustainability can be integral to a business model (BM) without compromising economic success. Like start‐ups that designed their BMs to be ecologically and economically sustainable, incumbents also need to undergo two fundamental transformations in parallel: digital and sustainable BM transformation. While each transformation alone is considered demanding, we examined 31 start‐ups to develop a taxonomy of digital sustainable BMs to understand how companies can master these complementary challenges and provide guidelines on achieving ecological and economic sustainability by implementing digital BMs. We use this taxonomy to derive four distinct archetypes of how sustainability can be an integral part of the BM: Sustainable Software Solutions, Sustainable Product‐Service Systems, Sustainability Intelligence, and Digital Sustainable Platforms. For each archetype, we reveal the role of digital technology in creating ecological BMs and how these BMs create sustainable value from an ecological, economic, and technological perspective. Therefore, we go beyond using digital technology to optimise production or logistics or enable remote work and implement sustainability as an integral part of the core logic of the organisation and its identity. For practice, our strategy guidelines contribute to creating a sustainable reality based on digital technology implemented in the BMs.
Delegation of insulin administration to non‐registered healthcare workers in community nursing teams: A qualitative study
Authors: Stenner Karen , Shore Colin B. , Maben Jill , Mold Freda , Winkley Kirsty , Cook Angela
Published: April 2023

Aims

To explore stakeholder perspectives on the benefits and/or disadvantages of the delegation of insulin injections to healthcare support workers in community nursing services.

Design

Qualitative case study.

Methods

Interviews with stakeholders purposively sampled from three case sites in England. Data collection took place between October 2020 and July 2021. A reflexive thematic approach to analysis was adopted.

Results

A total of 34 interviews were completed: patients and relatives (n = 7), healthcare support workers (n = 8), registered nurses (n = 10) and senior managers/clinicians (n = 9). Analysis resulted in three themes: (i) Acceptance and confidence, (ii) benefits and (iii) concerns and coping strategies. Delegation was accepted by stakeholders on condition that appropriate training, supervision and governance was in place. Continuing contact between patients and registered nurses, and regular contact between registered nurses and healthcare support workers was deemed essential for clinical safety. Services were reliant on the contribution of healthcare support workers providing insulin injections, particularly during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Benefits for service and registered nurses included: flexible team working, increased service capacity and care continuity. Job satisfaction and career development was reported for healthcare support workers. Patients benefit from timely administration, and enhanced relationships with the nursing team. Concerns raised by all stakeholders included potential missed care, remuneration and task shifting.

Conclusion

Delegation of insulin injections is acceptable to stakeholders and has many benefits when managed effectively.

Impact

Demand for community nursing is increasing. Findings of this study suggest that delegation of insulin administration contributes to improving service capacity. Findings highlight the essential role played by key factors such as appropriate training, competency assessment and teamwork, in developing confidence in delegation among stakeholders. Understanding and supporting these factors can help ensure that practice develops in an acceptable, safe and beneficial way, and informs future development of delegation practice in community settings.

Patient or Public Contribution

A service user group was consulted during the design phase prior to grant application and provided comments on draft findings. Two people with diabetes were members of the project advisory group and contributed to the study design, development of interview questions, monitoring study progress and provided feedback on study findings.
Importance of catchment hydrological processes and calibration of hydrological‐hydrodynamic rainfall‐runoff models in small rural catchments
Authors: David Amrei , Rodriguez Ernesto Ruiz , Schmalz Britta
Published: April 2023

In recent years, many two‐dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic models have been extended to include the direct rainfall method (DRM). This allows their application as a hydrological‐hydrodynamic model for the determination of floodplains in one model system. In previous studies on DRM, the role of catchment hydrological processes (CaHyPro) and its interaction with the calibration process was not investigated in detail. In the present, case‐oriented study, the influence of the spatiotemporal distribution of the processes precipitation and runoff formation in combination with the 2D model HEC‐RAS is investigated. In a further step, a conceptual approach for event‐based interflow is integrated. The study is performed on the basis of a single storm event in a small rural catchment (low mountain range, 38 km2) in Hesse (Germany). The model results are evaluated against six quality criteria and compared to a simplified baseline model. Finally, the calibrated improved model is contrasted with a calibrated baseline model. The results show the enhancement of the model results due to the integration of the CaHyPro and highlight its interplay with the calibrated model parameters.
Maternal Adaptive Capacity: A Strengths‐Based Theory to Guide Maternal Health Research
Authors: Mollard Elizabeth , Cottrell Constance
Published: April 2023

The United States is experiencing a rise in maternal morbidity and mortality that disproportionately affects marginalized groups. Maternal health research is often designed through a lens of deficit, which perpetuates bias and negatively affects care. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of the theory of maternal adaptive capacity, a strengths‐based approach to maternal health research that has the potential to promote new discovery in research, reduce biases, empower individuals and improve health outcomes. Walker and Avant's approach to theory derivation is applied to the framework of vulnerability to climate change, a theory commonly used in environmental research. In this derivation the authors explore the parallels between the concept of adaptive capacity related to climate change and maternal health. The new theory of maternal adaptive capacity should be applied and tested in various research modalities to confirm its utility.
Re‐Envisioning a Hierarchy of Leadership Behaviours Using Insights from the Psychological Literature on Personality Traits
Authors: Anderson Marc H. , Sun Peter Y. T.
Published: April 2023

The current body of research on leadership styles is plagued with the problem of a bewildering number of styles that overlap conceptually and empirically, and whose dimensionality is contested. In this paper, we use analogical reasoning to argue that recommendations based on the personality psychology literature could be used to overcome these and related problems to substantially advance the literature on leadership styles. We argue that scholarly understanding of leadership styles needs to be redeveloped by theoretically identifying root behaviours and then seeing how they aggregate into higher‐level dimensions and meta‐categories. We offer a roadmap that will help facilitate such progress and enable future research to cumulate into a more comprehensive, coherent, and empirically justifiable hierarchical model of leadership behaviours. We also discuss how personality research raises a variety of other interesting analogous questions about leadership behaviours, including how to incorporate situational influences and whether patterns of characteristic leader behaviours develop over time.