bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Particle identification in the Belle II experiment
Authors: Hartbrich Oskar
Published: April 2019

The Belle II experiment integrates two dedicated particle identification (PID) subdetectors for pion/kaon separation. The Aerogel Ring Image Cherenkov (ARICH) detector is a forward region PID detector based on two layers of aerogel read out by hybrid avalanche photo detectors. The Time of Propagation (TOP) detector is a novel Cherenkov barrel PID system built for the Belle II detector upgrade based on quartz radiator bars read out by Micro-Channel Plate PMTs. The readout electronics of the TOP system are built around a switched capacitor array waveform sampling ASIC operating at 2.7 GSa/s. Acquired waveforms are processed in real time in the front-end electronics, extracting the individual timing of detected photons to better than 100 ps. This contribution presents the concept of the Belle II particle identification systems with a focus on the current status of commissioning, calibration and operation of the Belle II TOP detector.
Dual-readout calorimetry
Authors: Ferrari Roberto , Pezzotti Lorenzo , Caccia Massimo , Santoro Romualdo , Antonello Massimiliano
Published: April 2019

We summarize the fundamental aspects of dual-readout calorimetry, a calorimetric technique able to overcome the non-compensation problem by means of two independent scintillation and Cherenkov light signals detection. The expected ultimate energy resolution for single-hadron detection, together with the excellent particle identification capability, makes a dual-readout fiber calorimeter one of the most promising options for future leptonic colliders. In this paper, we include the main benefits of a new silicon photomultiplier-based readout system that allows to sample showers with an unprecedented spatial resolution.
PASER: A Pattern-Based Approach to Service Requirements Analysis
Authors: Wang Ye , Wang Ting , Sun Jie
Published: April 2019

Inconsistent specification are an inevitable intermediate product of a service requirements engineering process. In order to reduce requirements inconsistencies, we propose PASER, a Pattern-based Approach to Service Requirements analysis. The PASER approach first extracts the process information from service documents via natural language processing (NLP) techniques, then uses a requirements modeling language – Workflow-Patterns-based Process Language (WPPL) — to build the process model. Finally, through matching with workflow patterns, the inconsistencies in service requirements are identified and resolved by checking against a set of checking rules. We have conducted a preliminary experiment to evaluate it. An ATM service case study is presented as a running example to illustrate our approach.
Nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces
Authors: Huttunen Mikko J. , Czaplicki Robert , Kauranen Martti
Published: April 2019

Nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces have recently attracted considerable interest, due to their potential for enabling nanoscale nonlinear optics. Here, we review the current progress in this topic while paying special attention to existing challenges. In order to limit our scope, we concentrate on nonlinear metasurfaces utilizing inter-particle and lattice effects and focus on metasurfaces operating close to visible and near-infrared frequencies. We will also critically discuss the short and longer term prospects of nonlinear metasurfaces to start rivaling traditional nonlinear materials in applications.
Analytical model for a single multiphoton absorption process
Authors: Kessi Ferhat , Naima Hamadouche
Published: April 2019

We present a theoretical analysis of a single [Formula: see text]-photon absorption process. We found an approximate analytical but closed-form expression of the normalized transmittance for a thin nonlinear material under an elliptic Gaussian incident beam. The obtained expression can be used to fit the experimental [Formula: see text]-scan traces, allowing the determination of material’s multiphoton absorption coefficient and Rayleigh lengths of the input elliptic Gaussian beam.
Adiabatic demagnetization at absolute negative temperature: Generation of quantum correlations
Authors: Furman Gregory B. , Goren Shaul D. , Meerovich Victor M. , Sokolovsky Vladimir L.
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we study behavior of the correlations, both quantum and classical, under adiabatic demagnetization process in systems of nuclear spins with dipole–dipole interactions in an external magnetic field and in the temperature range including positive and negative temperatures. For a two-spin system, analytical expressions for the quantum and classical correlations are obtained. It is revealed that the field dependences of the quantum and classical correlations at positive and negative temperatures are substantially different. This difference most clearly appears in the case of zero magnetic field: at negative temperature, the measures of quantum correlations tend to the maximum values with a temperature increase. At positive temperature, these quantities tend to zero at a decrease of magnetic field. It is also found that, for the nearest-neighboring spins in the same field, the values of concurrence and discord are larger at negative temperatures than at positive ones.
Like old times
Authors: MacLeod Ken
Published: April 2019

From the intersection of computational science and technological speculation, with boundaries limited only by our ability to imagine what could be.

The Furby singularity promises eternal conversation with the untimely departed.
Enterprise wi-fi
Authors: Bartoli Alberto , Medvet Eric , De Lorenzo Andrea , Tarlao Fabiano
Published: April 2019

Seeking to increase awareness of WPA2 Enterprise network security technology flaws and reduce risk to users.
A gray box manifesto for evolutionary combinatorial optimization
Authors: Whitley Darrell
Published: April 2019

It is almost an article of faith that most evolutionary algorithms utilize random mutation and random recombination operators. Often the mutation is uniform random and sometimes the recombination operator is also a type of "Uniform Crossover." However when solving classic combinatorial optimization problems, random mutation and recombination operators are often both unnecessary and unproductive.
EuroGP vs EvoCOP
Authors: Goranova Mila , Ochoa Gabriela , Tomassini Marco
Published: April 2019

Using an online database with bibliographic information on major computer science publications we have constructed collaboration networks for the two main EvoStar (the he leading European event on Bio-Inspired Computation) conferences: EuroGP (European Conference on Genetic Programming) and EvoCOP (Evolutionary Computation in Combinatorial Optimisation). In these networks two authors are connected if they have coauthored one or more papers appearing in these conferences since their inception until 2018. The networks are then visualised and analysed using a number of network statistics. Our main focus is to reveal and contrast the patterns of collaboration and the most active researchers in both conferences. EuroGP's network shows a large central component of connected authors, wherease EvoCOP authors appear to work in small groups without direct interaction between groups. This could be explained by the different origins and composition of these two communities.
How Maya Archaeologists Discovered the 99% Through the Study of Settlement Patterns
Authors: Sabloff Jeremy A.
Published: April 2019

This article presents an autobiographical perspective on the changing nature of Maya archaeology, focusing on the role of settlement pattern studies in illuminating the lives of commoners as well as on the traditional emphasis on the ruling elite. Advances in understanding the nature of nonelite peoples in ancient Maya society are discussed, as are the many current gaps in scholarly understandings of pre-Columbian Maya civilization, especially with regard to the diversity of ancient “commoners” and the difficulty in analyzing them as a single group.
The Genetics and Epigenetics of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Himeda Charis L. , Jones Peter L.
Published: April 2019

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), a progressive myopathy that afflicts individuals of all ages, provides a powerful model of the complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of chromatin regulation. FSHD is caused by dysregulation of a macrosatellite repeat, either by contraction of the repeat or by mutations in silencing proteins. Both cases lead to chromatin relaxation and, in the context of a permissive allele, aberrant expression of the DUX4 gene in skeletal muscle. DUX4 is a pioneer transcription factor that activates a program of gene expression during early human development, after which its expression is silenced in most somatic cells. When misexpressed in FSHD skeletal muscle, the DUX4 program leads to accumulated muscle pathology. Epigenetic regulators of the disease locus represent particularly attractive therapeutic targets for FSHD, as many are not global modifiers of the genome, and altering their expression or activity should allow correction of the underlying defect.
Contemporary Decision Methods for Agricultural, Environmental, and Resource Management and Policy
Authors: Johnson David R. , Geldner Nathan B.
Published: April 2019

Traditional top-down methods for resource management ask first what future conditions will be, then identify the best action(s) to take in response to that prediction. Even when acknowledging uncertainty about the future, standard approaches ( a) characterize uncertainties probabilistically, then optimize objectives in expectation, and/or ( b) develop a small number of representative scenarios to explore variation in outcomes under different policy responses. This leaves planners vulnerable to surprise if future conditions diverge from predictions. In this review, we describe contemporary approaches to decision support that address deep uncertainty about future external forcings, system responses, and stakeholder preferences for different outcomes. Many of these methods are motivated by climate change adaptation, infra-structure planning, or natural resources management, and they provide dramatic improvements in the robustness of management strategies. We outline various methods conceptually and describe how they have been applied in a range of landmark real-world planning studies.
Effects of Pulse Electroplating Parameters on Return Loss (S11) and Surface Roughness of Silver Coatings
Authors: BASARAN Caner , karakaya ishak
Published: April 2019

The highly conductive silver is widely used in the electronics industry, especially in microwave systems [1]. A silver-plated part will reduce loss at the highest microwave frequencies. In addition to this, it will carry extremely high current load. Surface roughness which distorts the propagation of electromagnetic waves is known to affect the uniformity of the current distribution of very good conductive metals such as silver [1]. The effects of duty cycle, frequency and average current density, which are pulsed silver-plating parameters, on the surface quality of coating have been investigated in this study. These effects have been examined by comparing the return loss (S11). S11 comparisons were made according to a reference gold plate. When S11 comparisons have been made, increasing return loss appears with increasing surface roughness. These effects have been characterized by SEM and XRD. [1] Balanis, C. A. (1989). Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics. John Wiley & Son 235th ECS Meeting Session: Industrial Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering Division General Session 1Symposium: F01 - Industrial Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering General SessionTechnical Interest Area: F - Electrochemical EngineeringDay: Wednesday, 29 May 2019
Dynamic airway constriction in rats: heterogeneity and response to deep inspiration
Authors: Phung Thien-Khoi N. , Sinclair Scott E. , Makena Patrudu , Molthen Robert C. , Waters Christopher M.
Published: April 2019

Airway narrowing due to hyperresponsiveness severely limits gas exchange in patients with asthma. Imaging studies in humans and animals have shown that bronchoconstriction causes patchy patterns of ventilation defects throughout the lungs, and several computational models have predicted that these regions are due to constriction of smaller airways. However, these imaging approaches are often limited in their ability to capture dynamic changes in small airways, and the patterns of constriction are heterogeneous. To directly investigate regional variations in airway narrowing and the response to deep inspirations (DIs), we utilized tantalum dust and microfocal X-ray imaging of rat lungs to obtain dynamic images of airways in an intact animal model. Airway resistance was simultaneously measured using the flexiVent system. Custom-developed software was used to track changes in airway diameters up to generation 19 (~0.3–3 mm). Changes in diameter during bronchoconstriction were then measured in response to methacholine (MCh) challenge. In contrast with the model predictions, we observed significantly greater percent constriction in larger airways in response to MCh challenge. Although there was a dose-dependent increase in total respiratory resistance with MCh, the percent change in airway diameters was similar for increasing doses. A single DI following MCh caused a significant reduction in resistance but did not cause a significant increase in airway diameters. Multiple DIs did, however, cause significant increases in airway diameters. These measurements allowed us to directly quantify dynamic changes in airways during bronchoconstriction and demonstrated greater constriction in larger airways.
Current paradigms and new perspectives on fetal hypoxia: implications for fetal brain development in late gestation
Authors: Wood Charles E. , Keller-Wood Maureen
Published: April 2019

The availability of oxygen to the fetus is limited by the route taken by oxygen from the atmosphere to fetal tissues, aided or diminished by pregnancy-associated changes in maternal physiology and, ultimately, a function of atmospheric pressure and composition of the mother’s inspired gas. Much of our understanding of the fetal physiological response to hypoxia comes from experiments designed to elucidate the cardiovascular and endocrine responses to transient hypoxia. Complementing this work is equally impactful research into the origins of intrauterine growth restriction in which animal models designed to restrict the transfer of oxygen from the maternal to the fetal circulation were used. A common assumption has been that outcomes measured after a period of hypoxia are related to cellular deprivation of oxygen and reoxygenation: an assumption based on a focus on what we can see “under the streetlights.” Recent studies demonstrate that availability of oxygen may not tell the whole story. Transient hypoxia in the fetal sheep stimulates transcriptomics responses that mirror inflammation. This response is accompanied by the appearance of bacteria in the fetal brain and other tissues, likely resulting from a hypoxia-stimulated release of bacteria from the placenta. The appearance of bacteria in the fetus after transient hypoxia complements the recent discovery of bacterial DNA in the normal human placenta and in the tissues of fetal sheep. An understanding of the mechanism of the physiological, cellular, and molecular responses to hypoxia requires an appreciation of stimuli other than cellular oxygen deprivation: stimuli that we would have never known about without looking “between the streetlights,” illuminating direct responses to the manipulated variables.
Inhibition of fibronectin polymerization alleviates kidney injury due to ischemia-reperfusion
Authors: Bowers Stephanie L. K. , Davis-Rodriguez Stephanie , Thomas Zachary M. , Rudomanova Valeria , Bacon W. Clark , Beiersdorfer Alex , Ma Qing , Devarajan Prasad , Blaxall Burns C.
Published: April 2019

Fibrosis is a common feature of chronic kidney disease; however, no clinical therapies effectively target the progression of fibrosis. Inhibition of fibronectin polymerization with the small peptide pUR4 attenuates fibrosis in the liver and heart. Here, we show that pUR4 decreases renal fibrosis and tissue remodeling using a clinically relevant model of kidney injury, unilateral ischemia-reperfusion. This work highlights the benefits of inhibiting matrix polymerization, alone or in conjunction with cell-based therapies, as a novel approach to diminish the maladaptive responses to ischemic kidney injury that lead to chronic renal failure.
Time course of functional changes in locomotor and sensory systems after spinal cord lesions in lamprey
Authors: Becker Matthew , Parker David
Published: April 2019

Changes in motor and sensory properties occur either side of spinal cord lesion sites from lower vertebrates to humans. We have previously examined these changes in the lamprey, a model system for studying recovery after spinal cord injury. These analyses were performed 8–12 wk after complete spinal cord lesions, a time when most animals have recovered good locomotor function. However, anatomical analyses have been performed at earlier and later times than this. Because there have been no functional studies at these times, in this study we have examined changes between 2 and 24+ wk after lesioning. Functional changes developed at different times in different regions of the spinal cord. Spinal cord excitability was significantly reduced above and below the lesion site less than 6 wk after lesioning but showed variable region-specific changes at later times. Excitatory synaptic inputs to motor neurons were increased above the lesion site during the recovery phase (2–8 wk after lesioning) but only increased below the lesion site once recovery had occurred (8 wk and later). These synaptic effects were associated with lesion-induced changes in connectivity between premotor excitatory interneurons. Sensory inputs were potentiated at 8 wk and later after lesioning but were markedly reduced at earlier times. There are thus time- and region-specific changes in motor and sensory properties above and below the lesion site. Although animals typically recover good locomotor function by 8 wk, there were further changes at 24+ wk. With the assumption that these changes can help to compensate for the reduced descending input to the spinal cord, effects at later times may reflect ongoing modifications as regeneration continues.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The lamprey is a model system for studying functional recovery and regeneration after spinal cord injury. We show that changes in spinal cord excitability and sensory inputs develop at different times above and below the lesion site during recovery. These changes may occur in response to the lesion-induced removal of descending inputs and may subsequently help to compensate for the reduction of the descending drive to allow locomotor recovery. Changes also continue once animals have recovered locomotor function, potentially reflecting adaptations to further regeneration at later recovery times.
Optimization of Structure Parameters of Airfield Jointed Concrete Pavements under Temperature Gradient and Aircraft Loads
Authors: Xu Bangshu , Zhang Wanzhi , Mei Jie , Yue Guangyao , Yang Laihua
Published: April 2019

Daily changing temperature causes significant thermal stress in concrete pavement. Tensile stress obtained can exceed flexural tensile strength when the concrete slabs are subjected to large temperature gradient and traffic loads, resulting in pavement damages. In this paper, maximum tensile stresses in concrete slabs with different slab sizes, thicknesses, and length to width (L/W) ratios were investigated by using the finite element (FE) method. The important parameters in the design of concrete pavement are the flexural tensile strength and the fatigue limit. By analyzing the comparison results between the maximum tensile stress and the fatigue limit, the optimum slab size and the critical thickness were determined. The results indicate that the maximum tensile stress obtained is higher for larger slab size with thin thickness. Furthermore, to reduce cutting work and the amount of dowel bars, the optimum slab sizes of the regional airport concrete pavement are recommended as 4 m × 4 m to 6 m × 6 m. The critical thicknesses of 4 m × 4 m slab and 6 m × 6 m slab are determined as 28.2 cm and 34.7 cm, respectively, based on the most unfavorable coupling between positive and negative temperature gradients and the Boeing 737–800 aircraft load. Moreover, the maximum tensile stress increases as the L/W ratio increases. When the slab length is less than 6 m, it is better to use square slab in airport jointed concrete pavement (JCP).
Meta-Analysis Comparing Renal Outcomes after Transcatheter versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Shah Kuldeep , Chaker Zakeih , Busu Tatiana , Shah Rishita , Osman Mohammed , Alqahtani Fahad , Alkhouli Mohamad
Published: April 2019

Background. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of aortic valve replacement. However, comparative on the incidence of (AKI) following transcatheter (TAVR) versus surgical valve replacement (SAVR) is sparse. Methods. We performed a meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials (RCT) and propensity-matched observational studies comparing (A) incidence of AKI and (B) incidence of dialysis-requiring AKI at 30 days after TAVR and SAVR. Results. Twenty-six studies (20 propensity-matched studies; 6 RCTs) including 19,954 patients were analyzed. The incidence of AKI was lower after TAVR than after SAVR (7.1% vs. 12.1%, OR 0.52; 95%CI, 0.39-0.68; p<0.001, I2=57%), but the incidence of dialysis-requiring AKI was similar (2.8% vs. 4.1%, OR 0.78; 95%CI, 0.49-1.25; p=0.31, I2=70%). Similar results were observed in a sensitivity analysis including RCTs only for both AKI ([5 RCTs; 5,418 patients], 2.0% vs. 5.0%, OR 0.39; 95%CI, 0.28-0.53; p<0.001, I2=0%), and dialysis-requiring AKI ([2 RCTs; 769 patients]; 2.9% vs. 2.6%, OR 1.1; 95%CI, 0.47-2.58; p=0.83, I2=0%). However, in studies including low-intermediate risk patients only, TAVR was associated with lower incidence of AKI ([10 studies; 6,510 patients], 7.6% vs. 12.4%, OR 0.55, 95%CI 0.39-0.77, p<0.001, I2=57%), and dialysis-requiring AKI, ([10 studies; 12,034 patients], 2.0% vs. 3.6%, OR 0.57, 95%CI 0.38-0.85, p=0.005, I2=23%). Conclusions. TAVR is associated with better renal outcomes at 30 days in comparison with SAVR, especially in patients at low-intermediate surgical risk. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of AKI on long-term outcomes of patients undergoing TAVR and SAVR.
New Generating Function Relations for the q-Generalized Cesàro Polynomials
Authors: Özmen Nejla
Published: April 2019

The main purpose of this paper is to examine a basic (or q-) analogue of the generalized Cesàro polynomials described here. We derive a bilateral q-generating function involving basic analogue of Fox’s H-function and q-generalized Cesàro polynomials.
A Preliminary Study of Uric Metabolomic Alteration for Postpartum Depression Based on Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Li , Zou Wei , Huang Yi , Wen Xiaoke , Huang Jianxi , Wang Yichao , Sheng Xiaoqi
Published: April 2019

Postpartum depression affects about 10-20% of newly delivered women, which is harmful for both mothers and infants. However, the current diagnosis of postpartum depression depends on the subjective judgment of a practitioner, which may lead to misdiagnosis. Hence, an appended objective diagnosis index may help the practitioner to improve diagnosis. A metabolomic study can find biomarkers as an objective index to facilitate disease diagnosis. Forty-nine postpartum depressed patients and 50 healthy controls were recruited into this study. The metabolites in urine were scanned with LC-Q-TOF-MS. The metabolomic data were analyzed with a multivariate statistical analysis method. Data from 40 patients and 40 controls were used for partial least square-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA). The urine metabolomic profiles of patients were different from those of controls. The PLS-DA model was validated by a permutation test, and the model could accurately classify the other 9 patients and 10 controls in T-prediction. Ten differentiating metabolites were found as main contributors to this difference, which are involved in amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter metabolism, bacteria population, etc. Some of these potential biomarkers, such as 4-hydroxyhippuric acid, homocysteine, and tyrosine, showed relatively high sensitivities and specificities. The metabolic profile alteration induced by postpartum depression was found, and some of the differentiating metabolites may serve as biomarkers to facilitate the diagnosis of postpartum depression.
Determination of Pyrethroids in Paris polyphylla Sample by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Using Ultrasound-Assisted Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhao Xin , Meng Hengling , Yang Jin , Wei Xiang , Min Yong
Published: April 2019

A novel ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction (UA-MSPE) was developed for the separation/preconcentration of trace amounts of pyrethroids (fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, deltamethrin, and bifenthrin) in Paris polyphylla sample using carbon nanotubes based on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@CNT MNPs), and high-performance liquid chromatography-UV is described. High recoveries of pyrethroids were obtained at a low MNPs concentration because sonication enhances the contact chances between magnetic nanoparticles and extractable analytes and promotes the extractability of the MSPE process. After the extraction, the adsorbent can be conveniently separated from the sample solution by an external magnet, and the adsorbed analytes were eluted from magnetic Fe3O4@CNT. The main factors influencing the extraction efficiency including the amount of the MNPs, the extraction time, the pH of sample solution, the sonicating time, and the desorption conditions were studied and optimized. Under the optimized experimental conditions, a good linearity was observed in the range of 1-100.0 ng mL−1 for all the analytes, with the correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.9962 to 0.9991. The limits of detection of the four pyrethroids are 0.53, 0.26, 0.47, and 0.67 ng mL−1, respectively. The recoveries of the method were in the range between 85.5% and 93.2%. This method is much faster and more effective than traditional SPE methods, and it is promising for the analysis of pyrethroids residues.
Plasma miR-22-5p, miR-132-5p, and miR-150-3p Are Associated with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Li Huixian , Zhang Pengxiang , Li Fangjiang , Yuan Guili , Wang Xiaoyuan , Zhang Aiai , Li Feixing
Published: April 2019

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases. Our study aimed to determine whether miR-22-5p, miR-132-5p, and miR-150-3p represent novel biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Plasma samples were isolated from 35 AMI patients and 55 matched controls. Total RNA was extracted, and quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA were performed to investigate the expressions of miRNAs and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), respectively. We found that plasma levels of miR-22-5p and miR-150-3p were significantly higher during the early stage of AMI and their expression levels peaked earlier than cTnI. Conversely, circulating miR-132-5p was sustained at a low level during the early phase of AMI. All three circulating miRNAs were correlated with plasma cTnI levels. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis suggested that each single miRNA had considerable diagnostic efficacy for AMI. Moreover, combining the three miRNAs improved their diagnostic efficacy. Furthermore, neither heparin nor medications for coronary heart disease (CHD) affected plasma levels of miR-22-5p and miR-132-5p, but circulating miR-150-3p was downregulated by medications for CHD. We concluded that plasma miR-22-5p, miR-132-5p, and miR-150-3p may serve as candidate diagnostic biomarkers for early diagnosis of AMI. Moreover, a panel consisting of these three miRNAs may achieve a higher diagnostic value.
Synthesis and Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of a New Norbornene Dicarboximide with a Pendant Carbazole Moiety
Authors: Pragliola Stefania , Botta Antonio , Troiano Rubina , Paradiso Veronica , Grisi Fabia
Published: April 2019

A new norbornene dicarboximide presenting a pendant carbazole moiety linked by a p-methylene benzyl spacer is synthesized. This carbazole-functionalized monomer is polymerized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization using Grubbs third-generation catalyst. Microstructural analysis of resulting polymers performed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) shows that they are stereoirregular. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and thermal (DSC) analysis indicate that polymers are also amorphous. With respect to the fluorescence analysis, both solution and film polymer samples exhibit only “normal structured” carbazole fluorescence, while excimer formation by overlap of carbazole groups is not detected.
Consequence of Two Protocols of Social Defeat Stress on Nicotine-Induced Psychomotor Effects in Mice
Authors: Domingues Liz Paola , Antonio Bruno de Brito , Oliveira Maria Gabriela Menezes de , Quadros Isabel Marian Hartmann de
Published: April 2019

Exposure to stress may contribute to enhanced vulnerability to drug use disorders, by altering sensitivity to drug-related reward and psychomotor effects. This study aimed to characterize the psychomotor effects of nicotine administration and then investigate the consequences of two types of repeated social defeat stress (episodic and continuous) on nicotine-induced psychomotor effects in mice. Adult male Swiss mice were treated for 13 days with daily injections of nicotine (0.1, 0.4, or 1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) and received saline and nicotine challenges (0, 0.1 and 0.4 mg/kg) after a withdrawal period. Dose-dependent effects were observed in locomotor response to nicotine, with trends for locomotor stimulation after intermittent (but not acute) administration of 0.1 mg/kg. Higher nicotine doses caused acute locomotor suppression (0.4 and 1.0 mg/kg) and tolerance after intermittent administration (0.4 mg/kg dose). In separate cohorts, experimental mice were daily defeated by aggressive mice, using the resident-intruder model, for 10 days. After brief confrontations, intruders returned to their home cage (episodic stress) or were continuously exposed to the aggressive resident for 24 h (continuous stress), until the following defeat. After the 10-day stress protocol, mice received saline and nicotine challenges (0 and 0.1 mg/kg, s.c.) in locomotor tests. Mice were also tested for methamphetamine-induced locomotor response (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.). Both defeat protocols induced short-term locomotor suppression (24h after stress), which was further suppressed by nicotine only in mice exposed to continuous defeat stress. Ten days after stress, locomotor behavior was no longer suppressed in defeated mice of either stress protocol. Mice exposed to continuous defeat stress showed a reduced stimulant response to methamphetamine, 12 days after termination of stress. Our findings indicate that exposure to continuous defeat stress facilitates nicotine-induced locomotor suppression shortly after stress and reduces methamphetamine-induced stimulation in the long term.
Metformin Delays Satellite Cell Activation and Maintains Quiescence
Authors: Pavlidou Theodora , Marinkovic Milica , Rosina Marco , Fuoco Claudia , Vumbaca Simone , Gargioli Cesare , Castagnoli Luisa , Cesareni Gianni
Published: April 2019

The regeneration of the muscle tissue relies on the capacity of the satellite stem cell (SC) population to exit quiescence, divide asymmetrically, proliferate, and differentiate. In age-related muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) and several dystrophies, regeneration cannot compensate for the loss of muscle tissue. These disorders are associated with the depletion of the satellite cell pool or with the loss of satellite cell functionality. Recently, the establishment and maintenance of quiescence in satellite cells have been linked to their metabolic state. In this work, we aimed to modulate metabolism in order to preserve the satellite cell pool. We made use of metformin, a calorie restriction mimicking drug, to ask whether metformin has an effect on quiescence, proliferation, and differentiation of satellite cells. We report that satellite cells, when treated with metforminin vitro, ex vivo,or in vivo, delay activation, Pax7 downregulation, and terminal myogenic differentiation. We correlate the metformin-induced delay in satellite cell activation with the inhibition of the ribosome protein RPS6, one of the downstream effectors of the mTOR pathway. Moreover,in vivoadministration of metformin induces a belated regeneration of cardiotoxin- (CTX-) damaged skeletal muscle. Interestingly, satellite cells treated with metformin immediately after isolation are smaller in size and exhibit reduced pyronin Y levels, which suggests that metformin-treated satellite cells are transcriptionally less active. Thus, our study suggests that metformin delays satellite cell activation and differentiation by favoring a quiescent, low metabolic state.
Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Inflammation by Inhibiting ROS Formation and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Wang Peng , Chen Fei , Wang Wenyan , Zhang Xue-Dong
Published: April 2019

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to protect against oxidative stress injury and inflammation in various high glucose-induced insult models. However, it remains unknown whether H2S protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE cells) from high glucose-induced damage. In the current study, cell viability, proinflammatory cytokines, ROS, and inflammasome markers were compared in a low glucose- and high glucose-induced cell culture system. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), NLRP3 siRNA, and NaHS were used to test RPE cell responses. The results demonstrate that compared with the low-glucose culture, high glucose triggered higher cell death and increased IL-18 and IL-1β mRNA expression and protein production. Furthermore, high glucose increased the mRNA expression levels of NLRP3, ACS, and caspase-1. Notably, NAC, a ROS scavenger, could attenuate high glucose-induced ROS formation and IL-18 and IL-1β mRNA and protein expression and block inflammasome activation. Silencing the NLRP3 gene expression also abolished IL-18 and IL-1β mRNA and protein expression. Intrudingly, H2S could ameliorate high glucose-induced ROS formation, IL-18 and IL-1β expression, and inflammasome activation. Taken together, the findings of the present study have demonstrated that H2S protects cultured RPE cells from high glucose-induced damage through inhibiting ROS formation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. It might suggest that H2S represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
A Deformation Prediction Approach for Supertall Building Using Sensor Monitoring System
Authors: Qiu Dongwei , Wang Tong , Ye Qing , Huang He , Wang Laiyang , Duan Mingxu , Luo Dean
Published: April 2019

Using high-precision sensors to monitor and predict the deformation trend of supertall buildings is a hot research topic for a long time. And in terms of deformation trend prediction, the main way to realized deformation trend prediction is the deep learning algorithm, but the accuracy of prediction result needs to be improved. To solve the problem described above, firstly, based on the conditional deep belief network (CDBN) model, the levenberg-marquardt (LM) was used to optimize the CDBN model; the LM-CDBN model has been constructed. Then taking CITIC tower, the tallest building in Beijing as the research object, the real-time monitoring data of the shape acceleration array (SAA) as an example, we used LM-CDBN model to analyse and predict the building deformation. Finally, to verify the accuracy and robustness of LM-CDBN model, the prediction results of the LM-CDBN model are compared with the prediction results of the CDBN model, the extreme learning machine (ELM) model, and the unscented Kalman filter-support vector regression (UKF-SVR) model, and we evaluated the result from three aspects: training error, fitness, and stability of prediction results. The results show that the LM-CDBN model has higher precision and fitting degree in the prediction of deformation trend of supertall buildings. And the MRE, MAE, and RMSE of the LM-CDBN model prediction results are only 0.0060, 0.0023mm, and 0.0031mm, and the prediction result was more in line with the actual deformation trend.
Detection Technology of Foamed Mixture Lightweight Soil Embankment Based on Ultrasonic Wave Transmission Method
Authors: Pu Shikun , Hong Baoning , Liu Xin , Xu Fenqiang , Shan Hao
Published: April 2019

This study attempted to establish a process that uses the ultrasonic wave transmission method to correlate the ultrasonic parameters with the material properties of Foamed Mixture Lightweight Soil (FMLS). The results were then applied for the defect detection of the FMLS embankment. First, the ultrasonic wave velocity (UPV) and amplitude (UPA) of FMLS with different mix proportions were collected continuously from 3rd day to 45th day in the curing age. The relationships between UPV versus FMLS elastic modulus, unconfined compressive strength, and density were calibrated. The variations in the ultrasonic parameters owing to the test distance and crack width were recorded. Then, the laboratory tests were reproduced through numerical simulation approach. Finally, the reliability and accuracy of the proposed detection method for FMLS were proved and validated through on-site tests. The proposed methodology, which is simple, stable, and reliable, was found to be suitable for the quality diagnosis of FMLS embankments after construction and during operation.
CD28 Homolog Is a Strong Activator of Natural Killer Cells for Lysis of B7H7+ Tumor Cells
Authors: Zhuang Xiaoxuan , Long Eric O.
Published: April 2019

The CD28–B7 family of receptor–ligand pairs regulates lymphocyte responses through costimulation and coinhibition. It includes checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-1, which limit antitumor and antivirus T-cell responses. CD28 homolog (CD28H) and B7H7 have been identified as a receptor–ligand pair in this family, which has costimulatory activity in T cells. Here, we show that CD28H is expressed in primary natural killer (NK) cells and that it is a strong activator of NK cells through selective synergy with receptors NKp46 and 2B4 to induce degranulation, lysis of target cells, and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Expression of B7H7 on target cells enhanced both natural and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of NK cells. Mutation of tyrosine 192 on the CD28H cytoplasmic tail abolished NK-cell activation through CD28H. As B7H7 is broadly expressed in tumor tissues, we engineered a CD28H chimeric antigen receptor (CD28H-CAR) consisting of full-length CD28H fused to the cytoplasmic domain of T-cell receptor ζ chain. Remarkably, expression of CD28H-CAR in NK cells triggered lysis of B7H7+ HLA-E+ tumor cells by overriding inhibition by the HLA-E receptor NKG2A. The cytoplasmic domains of CD28H and of the ζ chain were both required for this activity. Thus, CD28H is a powerful activation receptor of NK cells that broadens their antitumor activity and holds promise as a component of NK-based CARs for cancer immunotherapy.
Systemic Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type 1 due to 3 Novel Mutations in SCNN1Aand SCNN1BGenes
Authors: Cayir Atilla , Demirelli Yasar , Yildiz Duran , Kahveci Hasan , Yarali Oguzhan  , Kurnaz Erdal , Vuralli Doğuş , Demirbilek Huseyin
Published: April 2019

Objective: The systemic form of pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by defective sodium transport in multi-organ systems. Mutations in the genes encoding the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel, ENaC, account for genetic causes of systemic PHA1. We describe systemic PHA1 due to 4 novel variants detected in SCNN1A and SCNN1B in 3 cases from 3 unrelated consanguineous families. Patients and Methods: We evaluated the clinical presentations, biochemical and hormonal characteristics, and molecular genetic analysis results of 3 patients from 3 unrelated consanguineous families and parents from whom samples were available. Results: The ages at presentation were postnatal days 9, 10, and 5. The main presentation symptoms were vomiting, poor feeding, weakness, weight loss, and skin rash. All patients exhibited laboratory characteristics including severe hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, elevated plasma renin, elevated aldosterone, and positive sweat tests, suggesting a diagnosis of systemic PHA1. Molecular genetic analysis revealed 2 novel pathogenic variants [c.87C>A(p.Tyr29*)/IVS9 + 1G>A (c.1346 + 1G>A)] in SCNN1Bin case 1, a novel homozygous pathogenic variant [p.His69Arg(c.206A>G] in SCNN1Ain case 2, and a homozygous one-base duplication, p.A200Gfs*6 (c.598dupG), in SCNN1A in case 3. Conclusion: PHA1 should be considered at differential diagnosis in patients presenting with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis. The cases in this report involving 4 novel variants will add valuable insights into the phenotype-genotype relationship and will expand the mutation database.
No Difference in Prevalence of Transmitted Drug Resistance between Injection Drug Users and Non-Injection Drug Users: A Cross-Sectional Study among Antiretroviral Treatment-Naïve HIV Patients
Authors: Chen Rongfeng , Liang Bingyu , Wen Binbin , Huang Guanghua , Ning Chuanyi , Lao Chengyong , Jiang Junjun , Liu Jie , Zhou Bo  , Huang Jiegang , Chen Jinmei , Zang Ning , Liao Yanyan , Mo Dongsong , Ye Li , Liang Hao
Published: April 2019

Objectives: The epidemiological evidence is inconsistent about whether HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs) are at higher risk of developing antiretroviral resistance than any other HIV-positive populations. This study aims to investigate and compare transmitted drug resistance (TDR) between IDUs and non-IDUs in Lingshan County, an HIV-hit region in Guangxi, China, where IDU and heterosexual transmission were the two dominant transmission routes and roughly equally contributed to the local HIV transmission. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among newly diagnosed and antiretroviral-treatment (ART)-naïve HIV-1 patients from Lingshan County. The pol gene of HIV-1 from the individuals was sequenced followed by genotyping and TDR analysis. Results: Two dominant transmission routes, heterosexual contact and IDU, accounted for 49.2 and 45.9% of 183 HIV-1 infection cases, respectively. Three genotypes, including CRF08_BC (70.6%), CRF01_AE (24.4%), and CRF07_BC (5.0%), and three unique recombinant forms (1.6%), were identified. There was a significant difference in genotype distribution among the different transmission routes (F = 21.814, p < 0.001). The overall TDR prevalence was 5.5%. There were no significant differences in TDR prevalence among the different transmission routes (F = 1.420, p = 0.439). Conclusions: Injection drug use has little impact on TDR prevalence compared with other routes of transmission.
An Unusual Presentation of Cytomegalovirus Infection: Generalized Edema
Authors: Tuna Kirsaclioglu Ceyda , Hizal Gulin , Karakus Esra , Sayli Tulin Revide
Published: April 2019

Objective: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection may rarely lead to protein-losing gastropathy that presents with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and edema in immunocompetent children, but extremely rarely with only generalized edema. Clinical Presentation and Intervention: A previously healthy 5-year-old boy presented with generalized edema without any other symptoms. He had hypoalbuminemia but no proteinuria. He was evaluated for gastrointestinal protein loss, and hypertrophic gastropathy was revealed on esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Meanwhile, CMV infection was detected by serologic tests and polymerase chain reaction in the blood. He recovered spontaneously within a week. Conclusion: CMV-related protein-losing gastropathy may present with generalized edema without any gastrointestinal symptoms.
The Impact of a Leadership Development Program on Saudi University Students’ Perception of Leadership Skills
Authors: Alghamdi Amani Hamdan , Hattami Al-
Published: April 2019

This study was conducted to examine whether a leadership training program increases university students’ perception of leadership skills. Female students, like their male counterparts, have to play a central role in the economy of the country, regardless of the existing social constraints. Therefore, they need to be equipped with leadership skills in order to ensure that they are capable of making authentic changes in society. The survey included 42 components with seven subscales that were used to measure the following leadership skills: communication, planning, teamwork, decision-making, controlling, motivation and evaluation. The sample consisted of 36 female students who were randomly selected to participate in a two-day leadership training program at the University of Dammam. A questionnaire was distributed at the end of the program. This questionnaire was applied with the objective of estimating the students’ perception of the importance of leadership-related skills. The results demonstrate that this program significantly develops participants’ perceptions of leadership skills, as t(35) = 7.81, p 0.05, regardless of their area of academic specialization, their history of participation in organized social activities, any previous leadership roles that they may have held, and any previous leadership training that they may have received. The authors recommend that this study be replicated on a larger sample.
Teaching Efficacy in Inclusive Education (IE) in Indonesia and other Asia, Developing Countries: a Systematic Review
Authors: Kristiana Ika Febrian , Hendriani Wiwin
Published: April 2019

Inclusive education involving disable students has been applied in several countries including Asian countries. Nevertheless, teachers’ efficacy in implementing inclusive education remains out of sight. This review aims to summarize some facts depicting teachers’ efficacy in an inclusive education (IE) setting taking place in several Asian countries, particularly in developing countries. The search of e-literature was conducted to identify full-English articles published since 2004 concerning on teachers’ efficacy in teaching in inclusive programs/schools. The database used in searching the appropriate literatures was the database assembled in August  2017 which contained social-science articles such as PsycARTICLES, ERIC, Sciencedirect, SSCI, Springer Link, and Google Scholar. There were two studies identified using inclusive and exclusion criteria stipulation in this review. Teachers’ teaching efficacy in inclusive education (IE) in Indonesia and Bangladesh as developing countries in Asia – including efficacy in use inclusive instruction, efficacy in managing behavior, and efficacy in collaboration – was categorized in a good condition. Improving the measurement and research on teachers’ efficacy in teaching in an inclusive program/school will require greater investment in arranging several inclusive teachers’ professionalism enhancement and the increase in the number of disable students acquiring their education rights