bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Rotation Number on Parameter of Fertilisation of Poligamously Mating Domestic Pigeons (Columba Livia L.)
Authors: Nwosu C. C. , Beuing R.
Published: March 2021

In the rotation method to break the monogamous mating habits, 24 male and 24 female racing pigeons were used. They were didved into three groups, each consisting of 8 male and 8 feamle pigeons put separated in three huts A, B, C. At the first rotation (second mating) female pigeons of hut a were moved to hut B; all female pigeons of hut B to hut C while female pigeons of hut C took the place of female pigeons of hut A. The females were rotated sequentially three times and the male pigeons three times also. With regard to percentage fertilization and productivity rate, there were no significant differences at 5% level (P>0.05) among the rotations. The regression (b - 0.72%) of percentage fertilization on rotation number and the regression (b - 0.89%) of productivity rate on rotation number were found not to be significantly different from zero. The correlation coefficients attached to both regressions (r 0.41 and r -0.34) respectively were not significant at 5% level. The rotational mating method did not depress the parameters of fertility tested and is, as such a useful tool to induce pigeons to sequential polygamy.
ANIMAL PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA AND FEED SUPPLIES
Authors: Fetuga B. L.
Published: March 2021

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OPTIMUM PROTEIN AND ENERGY LEVELS FOR FINISHING BROILER CHICKENS IN A TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Olomu M. J.
Published: March 2021

Three experiments were conducted to determine the optimum protein and energy levels for finishing broiler chickens in a tropical environment. Dietary protein levels (20, 23 and 26 percent) and energy levels (2800, 3000 and 3200 Kcal/kg diet) tested had no significant effects on performance of finishing chickens fed fishmeal-containing rations. Rations based on cereals and groundnut meal, without fishmeal, did not support maximum liveweight gain and feed efficiency at dietary protein levels below 26 percent. Dietary treatments had no significant effects on carcass dressing percentages. Based on the present results, a protein level of 20 percent(for fishmeal containing rations) and 23 or 26 percent (for rations based on groundnut meal without fishmeal) and energy levels of 2800 to 3000 Kcal/Kg diet are tentatively recommended for finishing broiler chickens raised in a tropical country like Nigeria.
THE VALUE OF CARBADOX (METHYL 3-2 QUINOXALINY – LMETHYLENE) CARBAZATE N1, N4DIOXIDE) IN THE DIETS OF WEANER PIGS IN THE HUMID TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Babatunde G. M. , Fetuga B. I. , Amubode F. O.
Published: March 2021

Two experiments were carried out with 108 weaner pigs of the large White and Large X Landrace breeds, to determine the effects of feeding graded levels of Carbadox (Mecadox), a relatively new synthetic feed medicant with bactericidal and growth promotion properties, to weaner pigs on their levels of performance and their nutrient utilization abilities in the hot humid tropical environment. Two management conditions, a clean and an untidy conditions were tried. The basal diet was a 19% crude protein diet to which were added 0.0, 10.0, 25.0 and 50.0ppm levels of Carbadox to give a total of our diets which were fed either individually or in groups to the piglets within each of the four treatment group. Digestibility trial was carried out in the middle of experiment 1 only. In both experiments, pigs on the 50 ppm diet grew at a faster rate than the pigs on the other diets, but significantly faster in experiment 2 only. Feed consumption was slightly stimulated by the presence of Carbadox though not significantly, while the efficiency of feed utilization was significantly improved in experiment 2, being best for the 50 ppm diet and worst for the control Carbadox diet. The difference in the nutrients digestion coefficients and nitrogen retention, all of which were close for all treatments, with no consistent trends
EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS SUPPLEMENTATION ON PREGNANCY IN WHITE FULANI (BUNAJI) CATTLE
Authors: Molokwu E. C. I. , Umunna N. N. , Dennis S. M.
Published: March 2021

THE effect of bone meal supplementation on pregnancy and plasma phosphorus level in White Fulani (Bunaji) cattle was investigated over a 13-month period. The monthly mean plasma levels of inorganic phosphorus for supplemented Cows varied from 4.63mg/100ml in dry season to 8.09mg/100ml in the rainy season in contrast to 3.07 to 7.09/100ml in the dry and rainy seasons respectively, for the controls. Bonemeal supplementation resulted in earlier conception and calving. Fifty percent of the supplemented cows calved by the end of the period of supplementation in contrast to 25 percent of the controls. By two months after the study period, 100% of cows that received the supplementation had conceived compared with 87.50% of the controls. It is concluded from the study that bonemeal is a practical method for improving the fertility of White Fulani cattle in the grazing areas of Nigeria where soil and forage are deficient in phosphorus
STUDIES ON PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS OF STEERS
Authors: Ikhatua U. J. , Olubajo F. O.
Published: March 2021

Comparative studies lasting between 59 - 63 days were carried out using the N-balance method to investigate the effect of groundnut cake supplementation on N-metabolism and digestible crude protein (DCP)requirements of three breeds of steers maintained on all-roughage rations of hay and fresh dry of Cynodon rulenfuensis var robustus The results indicated that N intake (/day) Increased ed appreciably with supplementation. The percentage Increases li the intake were 16.4.40.0 and 18.0 for the White Fulani, crossbred and German Brown Steer respectively. Apparent digestibility coefficients for N also increased by 10%0.6.8% and 7.1% for these steers respectively. Faucal nitrogen output (/day) Increased slightly with supplementation with all breedy of steen, while urinary nitrogen loss decreased with the White Fulani, increased with the German Brown and showed no difference with the crossbreed. Absorbed nitrogen (g/day), N-balance (g/day) und N-retention (%) all increased with supplementations Mean values for both metabolic f al ultrogen (MEN) (N/kgDM consumed und endogenous urinary nitrogen (EUN) (/day/wkg 0.75) decreased with supplementation while the mean Hological value (BV) (197) Increased. The values were 2.4 6N/kg DM consumed, 0.11/dm/wg 0.75 and 75.87 respectively. Digestible crude protein requirements (DCP) decreed with supplementation in all the breeds of steen. The values were 1.06, 0.38 and 0.81 (0.75 + 0.20)/day/wkg 0.75) by the N-balance methods and 1.08, 0.51 und 1.20 (0.93 = 0.21) 2DCP/day/wkg 0.75 by the Nuctoriul methody. The DCP requirements therefore range from 0.75 - 0.93 /day/weg 0.75 for these breeds of steers, While there were decreases of approximately 13.14%. 1.99 and 6.4% In the mean DM Intake.
SELECTION IN HEREFORD CATTLE I. SELECTION INTENSITY, GENERATION INTERVAL AND INDEXES IN RETROSPECT
Authors: Nwakalor L. N. , Brinks J. S. , Richardson G. V.
Published: March 2021

Selection intensity and generation interval were evaluated in a Hereford cattle herd of 14 inbred lines and 14 linecross groups corresponding to the lines of inbred sire at the San Juan Basin Research Centre, Hesperus, Colorado. Selection indexes practised were calculated in retrospect. The records analysed were weaning weight and postweaning traits in males and females collected from 1946 through 1973. Analyses were performed by line for the inbreds and pooled analyses for the inbred and linecross populations. From records of 1,239 calves weaned, age of sire averaged 3.75 years compared with 4.52 years for age of dam, showing faster generation turnover for sires than for dams. Generation interval determined 98 actual age of midparent was 4.13 years.Selection applied, evaluated as annual selection differentials within inbred lines and then pooled over all lines, averaged .55 standard deviations per generation for sires for weaning weight. Selection of females was much less. Midparent selection differential amounted to .33 standard deviations per generation. Pooled standardized selection differentials per generation over all lines for sires were .49, .46, 40, -.20, -.10, and .69, respectively, for initial weight, final weight, feed consumption, unadjusted feed efficiency, adjusted feed efficiency, and average daily gain. Selection of females for postweaning traits was not intense. Selection Indexes actually practiced in retrospect were: for sires, IS = .4661(WW) -.0092(FE) + .6126(ADG); for inbred dams, ID = .1824(WW) -.0284 (12W) + .0736 (18W) - 1097 (SPW) -.1097 (FAW); for linecross dams, ID= .2693 (WW) - 2960 (12W) + .0147 (18W) + 1185 (SPW) -.0354 (FAW). The corresponding index selection differentials were .818, 203, and .209. Sire index selection differentials represent about 79 percent of the total selection differentials.
EFFECTS OF MILK FEEDING ON BLOOD GLUCOSE AND UREA LEVELS OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF (FOUTA DJALLON) KIDS.
Authors: Awah A. A. , Mba A. U. , Adeleye I. O. A.
Published: March 2021

SIXTEEN West African dwarf (Fouta Djallon) kids were maintained on four dietary treatments from the 4th day to 52 weeks of age in order to study the concentrations of glucose and urea in the plasma with advancing age_ The diet comprised fresh cow's milk and fresh goat's milk supplemented with chop­ped giant star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis var robustus) plus creep and post-creep feeds. Post-absorption glucose concentration was generally higher than the pre-feeding level in all treatment groups. Glucose concentrations in the plasma were generally higher when kids were on milk feeding than when milk feeding was stopped. Kids on ad. lib. milk feeding had higher plasma glucose concentration one hour before and after feeding and grew faster than those on restricted amounts of milk feeding. This however tended to level off by the 52nd week of age. The concentration of glucose in the plasma declined consistently with age across all treatment groups. Kids consuming goat's milk showed a tendency for lower urea concentration in the plasma than those consuming cow's milk.
CASE REPORT AWARENESS TO PROLAPSE OF THE EYE IN BABY
Authors: Purnasari Athi , Doemilah Ratna , Zuhria Ismi
Published: March 2021

Corneal perforation may be associated with prolapse of ocular tissue. We present a rare case reportan11 months-old female presented prolapsed of right eye. She was earlier diagnosedwithright corneal ulcer anddescemetocele. Physicalexamination revealed perforatedcornea.On ultrasound examination showedvitreous hazzinessand membranous opacity assumed due to inflammation. Based on examinationswe suspectedmalignancy process and performed enucleation withautogenous Dermis Fat Graft (DFG) which harvested onthigh region.Histopathology examination revealed chronic inflammation process.Hence, determining the causative factors of the prolapsed eye is the key for better management and prognosis.
CASE REPORT WAARDENBURG SYNDROME TYPE I WITH IRIS AND RETINAL COLOBOMA
Authors: Lestari Atina Yustisia , Prastyani Reni
Published: March 2021

We present a rare case report, Waardenberg syndrome type I, and ocular abnormalities related to the disease. A Boy, 11 months, presented with blue and hole in inferior iris. Patien also controlled to pediatric and ENT departement according his global developmental delayed, and unresponsiveness to sound stimulus since birth. Patient presented with distophia cantrorum, bilateral iris coloboma, brilliant blue iris, and retinal coloboma. Others systemic condition were skin hypopigmentation, bilateral sensorineural hearing lost, and global developmental delay equal to 6 months old baby. According to manifestations, this supporting diagnosis for Waardenberg syndrome type I. The management consists in treating the symptoms accordingly.  Careful follow up and work up is important to improve patient quality of life
A Compact Rayleigh Autonomous Lidar (CORAL) for the middle atmosphere
Authors: Kaifler Bernd , Kaifler Natalie
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The Compact Rayleigh Autonomous Lidar (CORAL) is the first fully autonomous middle atmosphere lidar system to provide density and temperature profiles from 15 to approximately 90 km altitude. From October 2019 to October 2020, CORAL acquired temperature profiles on 243 out of the 365 nights (66 %) above Río Grande, southern Argentina, a cadence which is 3–8 times larger as compared to conventional human-operated lidars. The result is an unprecedented data set with measurements on 2 out of 3 nights on average and high temporal (20 min) and vertical (900 m) resolution. The first studies using CORAL data have shown, for example, the evolution of a strong atmospheric gravity wave event and its impact on the stratospheric circulation. We describe the instrument and its novel software which enables automatic and unattended observations over periods of more than a year. A frequency-doubled diode-pumped pulsed Nd:YAG laser is used as the light source, and backscattered photons are detected using three elastic channels (532 nm wavelength) and one Raman channel (608 nm wavelength). Automatic tracking of the laser beam is realized by the implementation of the conical scan (conscan) method. The CORAL software detects blue sky conditions and makes the decision to start the instrument based on local meteorological measurements, detection of stars in all-sky images, and analysis of European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts Integrated Forecasting System data. After the instrument is up and running, the strength of the lidar return signal is used as additional information to assess sky conditions. Safety features in the software allow for the operation of the lidar even in marginal weather, which is a prerequisite to achieving the very high observation cadence.
OBSTÁCULOS EPISTEMOLÓGICOS E VÍCIOS INTELECTUAIS
Authors: Velanes David
Published: March 2021

Este artigo evidencia a noção de obstáculo epistemológico, de Gaston Bachelard, e o conceito de vícios intelectuais, de Quassim Cassam, a fim de demonstrar que ambos os conceitos se relacionam entre si, na medida em que remetem a condições psicológicas do sujeito epistêmico. Entretanto, como a noção bachelardiana se desdobra em duas origens, a saber, a psicológica e a social, sustentamos que os vícios estabelecem relações com a primeira, e que favorecem a uma melhor especificação a respeito dos modos pelos quais os obstáculos podem assumir na busca do conhecimento. Também consideramos que se Bachelard, por um lado, limitou suas análises ao sujeito das ciências e Cassam, por outro, ao sujeito da vida comum, seus estudos se complementam, porquanto ampliam o campo de investigação acerca das dificuldades que permeiam o processo de aquisição do saber em diferentes domínios.
The Impact of Co-Curricular Activity Assessment on Male University Students’ Course Performance: A Case Study of The Natural Sciences Course
Authors: Abuelenain Gehan , Farooq Muhammad , Sarr Makhtar
Published: March 2021

Our objective was to examine if a co-curricular activity incorporated with assessment methods affected students’ competence in a course. Natural Sciences (201) was chosen as a candidate course for this study. Students’ grade breakdown was examined and analyzed using SPSS and MINITAB software over four academic years from Fall 2012-13 to Fall 2015-16. The number of failed male students was significantly lower (p<0.05) in Fall semesters when compared with the number of failed male students in Spring semesters. A further analysis was attempted as an approach to understand the reasons for the remarkable elevation of success in the Fall semesters. Hence, a questionnaire was given to 121 students and the data showed that the ‘Science Communicators Program’, metaphorically the Science Festival, played a key role in the students’ achievements. The excellence of performance in the Natural Sciences course was detected during the Fall semesters. Thus, this research paper recommends the accommodation of off-campus co-curricular activities in other courses taught at the university.
Current Concepts in the Management of Dupuytren Disease of the Hand
Authors: Gil Joseph A. , Akelman Matthew R. , Hresko Andrew M. , Akelman Edward
Published: March 2021

Dupuytren disease is a fibroproliferative disorder of the palmar fascia of the hand. Little agreement and remarkable variability exists in treatment algorithms between surgeons. Because the cellular and molecular etiology of Dupuytren has been elucidated, ongoing efforts have been made to identify potential chemotherapeutic targets that could modulate the phenotypic expression of the disease. Although these efforts may dramatically alter the approach to treating this disease in the future, these approaches are largely experimental at this point. Over the past decade, the mainstay nonsurgical options have continued to be percutaneous needle aponeurotomy and collagenase Clostridium hystoliticum, and the most common surgical option is limited fasciectomy.
Wear and Corrosion Properties of Plasma Transferred Arc Ni-based Coatings Reinforced with NbC Particles
Authors: CHENG Qian , CHEN Haiyan , HOU Yue , FAN Li , DONG Lihua , YIN Yansheng
Published: March 2021

The wear and corrosion resistance of Ni-based niobium carbide (NbC) coatings were investigated via scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction, electrochemical polarization, electrochemicl impedance spectroscopy, digital microhardness testing and wear testing. The results showed that the substrate was mainly composed of a γ-Cr (Fe) solid solution, and the composite coating was composed of FeNi, NbC, and Ni. In addition, the hardness of the coating increased gradually with increasing NbC content. The optimal corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the coating were realized at an NbC content of 20%.
Learning Styles and Their Relationship with Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy among Nursing Students in Qazvin
Authors: Razaghpoor Ali , Namdar Peyman , Panahi Rahman , Yekefallah Leili , Javanmardi Erfan , Dehghankar Leila
Published: March 2021

Background: Learning styles, as individual characteristics, form and evolve as we grow older, which in turn may improve the students' educational outcomes. Identifying factors that contribute to learning styles helps us further to better achieve this goal. Objectives: The present study aimed to, firstly, determine learning styles and, secondly, investigating their relationship with self-esteem and self-efficacy. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 150 nursing students were selected through a convenience sampling method. Data were collected using VARK standard questionnaire, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and Sherer self-efficacy scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS v22 by descriptive and analytical tests. Results: The mean age of participating students was 21.04 ± 3.43 years. Overall, 83.2% of them preferred one learning style. The most common preferred style was "auditory style". Mean scores of self-esteem and self-efficacy were 21.25 ± 5.07 and 62.66 ± 7.31, respectively. No significant relationship was observed between students' self-esteem and self-efficacy with their learning styles (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Determining students’ preferences for learning style is the first step to improve their educational outcomes.
Boletín 1
Authors: San Martín Javier
Published: March 2021

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20 años de historia: cambios en la cobertura informativa de los Juegos Olímpicos
Authors: Martínez Martínez Silvia
Published: March 2021

Los Juegos Olímpicos de verano son un acontecimiento informativo de primer orden y se han convertido en un campo de experimentación de nuevos medios y avances tecnológicos. En los 20 años que median entre los Juegos de Barcelona de 1992 y los que se celebrarán en Londres en julio de 2012, los principales cambios han venido de la mano de la distribución digital del mensaje.
Kony2012 y Loewe: dos monedas de la misma cara
Authors: Sivera Sílvia
Published: March 2021

Marzo fue un mes intenso para los apasionados de la viralidad. Cuando todavía no nos habíamos recuperado del ciber-terremoto que supuso el vídeo documental sobre el guerrillero ugandés Joseph Kony (el más visto en la historia digital, al superar el centenar de millones de visitas en seis días), la marca madrileña Loewe se convertía en trending topic en nuestro país por un documental publicitario aparentemente incoherente con la imagen construida desde 1846.
Google: ¿el fin de los oligopolios documentales o el inicio de otro?
Authors: López-Borrull Alexandre
Published: March 2021

Dejando aparte los catálogos bibliotecarios, colectivos o no, la mayoría de grandes bases de datos documentales han sido tradicionalmente de pago, por la calidad y por la inversión llevada a cabo por editoriales o sociedad denominadas a veces “no de lucro”. Esto ha provocado que, para grandes estadísticas, búsquedas documentales exhaustivas e incluso para la evaluación por parte de instituciones públicas, hayan sido referentes. Sería el caso, por ejemplo, de Chemical Abstracts, ahora reconvertido en la mayoría de usuarios como Scifinder.
Jaume Ripoll: "filmin es la respuesta de la industria al 'problema' de Internet"
Authors: Clares Gavilán Judith
Published: March 2021

Esta es la primera entrega de la entrevista que mantuvimos con Jaume Ripoll, socio fundador de filmin, el pasado 1 de marzo en Barcelona. En ella abordamos cuestiones clave para el sector del Video on Demand (VoD) como son la piratería y la vulneración de los derechos de autor en Internet, el papel de los teleoperadores, la importancia de las redes sociales para darse a conocer y generar comunidad, o la situación del mercado del VoD en Europa y en Estados Unidos. El curso 2012-13, filmin se convertirá en partner de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) para poner en marcha el primer posgrado que se ofrece en España sobre distribución audiovisual y nuevos modelos de negocio, que contará con la participación de los principales portales de VoD activos en nuestro país.
Do closeness, support, and reciprocity influence trust in friendship?
Authors: Firmansyah Muh Reza , Faturochman Faturochman , Minza Wenty Marina
Published: March 2021

Prior qualitative research by Faturochman and Minza (2014) on trust in Indonesia found that trust is influenced by relational attributes, including closeness, support, and reciprocity. This study aims to examine whether the findings of the previous research can be applied in specific forms of relationships, e.g. friendship. The survey method is used in this study, involving 97 males and 123 (N = 220) females who completed a scale related to the variables studied. We found that support and reciprocity significantly predicted the score of trust. However, closeness did not. It was also found that the effect of support is higher than reciprocity. Based on the research, we created the regression model with the contribution of support to the trust 37.8%, then reciprocity addition which was analyzed together with support gave a total contribution to the trust 41.5%. The implication of this study is further discussed.
Signed and unsigned reward prediction errors dynamically enhance learning and memory
Authors: Rouhani Nina , Niv Yael
Published: March 2021

Memory helps guide behavior, but which experiences from the past are prioritized? Classic models of learning posit that events associated with unpredictable outcomes as well as, paradoxically, predictable outcomes, deploy more attention and learning for those events. Here, we test reinforcement learning and subsequent memory for those events, and treat signed and unsigned reward prediction errors (RPEs), experienced at the reward-predictive cue or reward outcome, as drivers of these two seemingly contradictory signals. By fitting reinforcement learning models to behavior, we find that both RPEs contribute to learning by modulating a dynamically changing learning rate. We further characterize the effects of these RPE signals on memory and show that both signed and unsigned RPEs enhance memory, in line with midbrain dopamine and locus-coeruleus modulation of hippocampal plasticity, thereby reconciling separate findings in the literature.
Loss of circadian protection against influenza infection in adult mice exposed to hyperoxia as neonates
Authors: Issah Yasmine , Naik Amruta , Tang Soon Y , Forrest Kaitlyn , Brooks Thomas G , Lahens Nicholas , Theken Katherine N , Mermigos Mara , Sehgal Amita , Worthen George S , FitzGerald Garret A , Sengupta Shaon
Published: March 2021

Adverse early-life exposures have a lasting negative impact on health. Neonatal hyperoxia that is a risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia confers susceptibility to influenza A virus (IAV) infection later in life. Given our previous findings that the circadian clock protects against IAV, we asked if the long-term impact of neonatal hyperoxia vis-à-vis IAV infection includes circadian disruption. Here, we show that neonatal hyperoxia abolishes the clock-mediated time of day protection from IAV in mice, independent of viral burden through host tolerance pathways. We discovered that the lung intrinsic clock (and not the central or immune clocks) mediated this dysregulation. Loss of circadian protein, Bmal1, in alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells recapitulates the increased mortality, loss of temporal gating, and other key features of hyperoxia-exposed animals. Our data suggest a novel role for the circadian clock in AT2 cells in mediating long-term effects of early-life exposures to the lungs.
tRNA sequences can assemble into a replicator
Authors: Kühnlein Alexandra , Lanzmich Simon A , Braun Dieter
Published: March 2021

Can replication and translation emerge in a single mechanism via self-assembly? The key molecule, transfer RNA (tRNA), is one of the most ancient molecules and contains the genetic code. Our experiments show how a pool of oligonucleotides, adapted with minor mutations from tRNA, spontaneously formed molecular assemblies and replicated information autonomously using only reversible hybridization under thermal oscillations. The pool of cross-complementary hairpins self-selected by agglomeration and sedimentation. The metastable DNA hairpins bound to a template and then interconnected by hybridization. Thermal oscillations separated replicates from their templates and drove an exponential, cross-catalytic replication. The molecular assembly could encode and replicate binary sequences with a replication fidelity corresponding to 85–90 % per nucleotide. The replication by a self-assembly of tRNA-like sequences suggests that early forms of tRNA could have been involved in molecular replication. This would link the evolution of translation to a mechanism of molecular replication.
Unraveling the history of limb bones
Authors: Woodward Holly N
Published: March 2021

Ancient fossils give clues as to when features of modern tetrapod bones emerged.
Bone age is not just for kids
Authors: Cauley Jane A , Shoback Dolores M
Published: March 2021

More informed discussions between physicians and older adults about the consequences of an initial osteoporotic fracture could encourage more patients to consider treatments that protect against future fracture.
Examining long-term natural vegetation dynamics in the Aral Sea Basin applying the linear spectral mixture model
Authors: Su Yiting , Wang Dongchuan , Zhao Shuang , Shi Jiancong , Shi Yanqing , Wei Dongying
Published: March 2021

Background

Associated with the significant decrease in water resources, natural vegetation degradation has also led to many widespread environmental problems in the Aral Sea Basin. However, few studies have examined long-term vegetation dynamics in the Aral Sea Basin or distinguished between natural vegetation and cultivated land when calculating the fractional vegetation cover.

Methods

Based on the multi-temporal Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, this study examined the natural vegetation coverage by introducing the Linear Spectral Mixture Model to the Google Earth Engine platform, which greatly reduces the experimental time. Further, trend line analysis, Sen trend analysis, and Mann–Kendall trend test methods were employed to explore the characteristics of natural vegetation cover change in the Aral Sea Basin from 2000 to 2018.

Results

Analyses of the results suggest three major conclusions. First, the development of irrigated agriculture in the desert area is the main reason for the decrease in downstream water. Second, with the reduction of water, the natural vegetation coverage in the Aral Sea Basin showed an upward trend of 17.77% from 2000 to 2018. Finally, the main driving factor of vegetation cover changes in the Aral Sea Basin is the migration of cultivated land to the desert.
Comparison of circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection rates with epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and cell surface vimentin (CSV) antibodies in different solid tumors: a retrospective study
Authors: Gao Yang , Fan Wan-Hung , Song Zhengbo , Lou Haizhou , Kang Xixong
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Status of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) varies from tumors to tumors. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and cell surface vimentin (CSV) are the most common used targets for isolating epithelial and mesenchymal CTCs, respectively. This study aimed to identify a suitable CTC capturing antibody for CTC enrichment in each solid tumor by comparing CTC detection rates with EpCAM and CSV antibodies in different solid tumors.

Methods

Treatment-naive patients with confirmed cancer diagnosis and healthy people who have performed CTC detection between April 2017 and May 2018 were included in this study. CTC detection was performed with CytoSorter® CTC system using either EpCAM or CSV antibody. In total, 853 CTC results from 690 cancer patients and 72 healthy people were collected for analysis. The performance of CTC capturing antibody was determined by the CTC detection rate.

Results

EpCAM has the highest CTC detection rate of 84.09% in CRC, followed by BCa (78.32%). CTC detection rates with EpCAM antibody are less than 40% in HCC (25%), PDAC (32.5%) and OC (33.33%). CSV has the highest CTC detection rate of 90% in sarcoma, followed by BC (85.71%), UC (84.62%), OC (83.33%) and BCa (81.82%). CTC detection rates with CSV antibody are over 60% in all 14 solid tumors. Except for CRC, CSV has better performances than EpCAM in most solid tumors regarding the CTC detection rates.

Conclusion

EpCAM can be used as a target to isolate CTCs in CRC, LC, GC, BCa, EC, HNSCC, CC and PCa, especially in CRC, while CSV can be used in most solid tumors for isolating CTCs.
The regulatory roles and mechanisms of the transcription factor FOXF2 in human diseases
Authors: Wu Qiong , Li Wei , You Chongge
Published: March 2021

Many studies have focused on the relationship between transcription factors and a variety of common pathological conditions, such as diabetes, stroke, and cancer. It has been found that abnormal transcription factor regulation can lead to aberrant expression of downstream genes, which contributes to the occurrence and development of many diseases. The forkhead box (FOX) transcription factor family is encoded by the FOX gene, which mediates gene transcription and follow-up functions during physiological and pathological processes. FOXF2, a member of the FOX transcription family, is expressed in various organs and tissues while maintaining their normal structural and functional development during the embryonic and adult stages. Multiple regulatory pathways that regulate FOXF2 may also be controlled by FOXF2. Abnormal FOXF2 expression induced by uncontrollable regulatory signals mediate the progression of human diseases by interfering with the cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, invasion, and metastasis. FOXF2 manipulates downstream pathways and targets as both a pro-oncogenic and anti-oncogenic factor across different types of cancer, suggesting it may be a new potential clinical marker or therapeutic target for cancer. However, FOXF2’s biological functions and specific roles in cancer development remain unclear. In this study, we provide an overview of FOXF2’s structure, function, and regulatory mechanisms in the physiological and pathological conditions of human body. We also discussed the possible reasons why FOXF2 performs the opposite function in the same types of cancer.
Los límites del reconocimiento indígena en Chile neoliberal. La implementación del Convenio 169 de la OIT desde la perspectiva de dirigentes Mapuche Williche
Authors: Aguas Javier , Nahuelpan Moreno Héctor
Published: March 2021

El Convenio 169 de la OIT fue ratificado por Chile en el 2008, luego de diecisiete años de tramitación en el congreso. Su entrada en vigencia abrió expectativas en algunas organizaciones indígenas, principalmente por su carácter vinculante para el Estado y por contemplar, entre otros aspectos, el derecho a consulta a los pueblos indígenas sobre materias que les afectan. En este artículo se sostiene que la ratificación e implementación del Convenio 169 de la OIT, debe comprenderse en el contexto de las políticas de reconocimiento a la diferencia cultural asumidas tardía y superficialmente por el Estado en Chile, las que forman parte del giro multicultural neoliberal que se produjo en América Latina durante las tres últimas décadas. En razón de lo anterior y a casi una década de la entrada en vigencia de este Convenio, el artículo efectúa un balance de su implementación desde los puntos de vista y perspectivas de dirigentes mapuche williche, quienes advierten sobre las debilidades en el reconocimiento de derechos y expresan los límites de la “versión chilena” del multiculturalismo neoliberal respecto a trastocar las estructuras históricas y actuales de poder y subordinación que viven los pueblos indígenas.
Para ser Colombianos por Siempre: esferas privadas y públicas para la génesis y construcción de un colectivo migrante en Temuco
Authors: Burón Rodríguez Lucero Paz , Diaz Crovetto Gonzalo Rodrigo
Published: March 2021

El trabajo en comunidades migrantes en Chile es amplio y diverso. Sin embargo, el rol de colectividades migrantes que buscan visibilizar, representar, e incidir en las políticas públicas ha sido poco explorado. Este artículo aborda la génesis y conformación de la colectividad migrante Colombianos por Siempre. Planteamos que esta construcción se desarrolla a partir de procesos de reterritorialización, marcados por las esferas privadas y públicas, a partir de las cuales los/las colombianos integrantes transforman su desterritorialización cultural, a partir de la elaboración de sentidos de pertenencia que les permiten generar auto-representaciones propias y para otros. La creación de esta colectividad migrante surge como una forma de contestar y marcar presencia frente a problemáticas que los afectan y frente a las representaciones que otros generan sobre ellos. La experiencia de Colombianos por Siempre como colectivo social, cultural y político permite observar también posibilidades y propuestas en torno a la construcción de ciudadanías en contextos de diversidad cultural.
Acercamientos a la historia y reconstrucción de memorias de las mujeres indígenas de la zona austral de Chile
Authors: Bustamante Danilo Javiera
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo dar cuenta de los resultados de la investigación Huellas femeninas del sur del mundo. Aportes para la memoria e historia de las mujeres selknam, aonikenk, yámanas y kawésqar desarrollado entre los años 2014 y 2016 en la zona austral de Chile. Particularmente se exponen los resultados del trabajo de revisión de archivos locales y regionales, escritos y visuales, basado en un enfoque metodológico etnohistórico y etnográfico. Éstos tienen una cualidad descriptiva, y son entendidos como aproximaciones y acercamientos para comprender la condición y situación histórica de las mujeres indígenas y su contexto de actuación en el universo sociocultural del extremo sur. Del conjunto de hallazgos, se han seleccionado ejes temáticos claves que permiten comprender tres aspectos principales: a) Formas y discursos de representación de las mujeres indígenas plasmados en las crónicas y memorias efectuadas en el marco del proceso civilizatorio de los pueblos ancestrales del fin del mundo, b) Reconstrucción de las historias y memorias de las mujeres indígenas canoeras y terrestres, enfatizando en los dominios femeninos, dinámicas socioculturales y universos simbólicos y c) Impacto del proyecto colonizador y civilizatorio del siglo XX en las tramas culturales de los grupos indígenas.
Luces y sombras en la jurisprudencia: la invocación del elemento espiritual de la tierra de la Comunidades Indígenas
Authors: Iglesias Vázquez Maria del Angel
Published: March 2021

El trabajo “Luces y sombras en la jurisprudencia: la invocación del elemento espiritual de la tierra de las Comunidades Indígenas” analiza y trata de poner de relieve la diferencia habida entre los pronunciamientos de las instancias regionales americana, europea y africana ante las cuales, las comunidades indígenas (CCII) han acudido cuando se ha producido la vulneración de sus derechos, en concreto el de la propiedad de las tierras ancestrales cuya dimensión y significado no sólo es material sino eminentemente espiritual. A fin de llegar a la conclusión que da título al trabajo se estudian las peticiones y consiguientes decisiones de las cortes regionales desde la década de los ochenta del pasado siglo XX hasta la actualidad, si bien inevitablemente en el caso europeo se mencionan las tomadas localmente y por el Comité de Derechos Humanos de la ONU. La presente aportación tiene ante todo un propósito comparativo entre cortes regionales y así, si en los asuntos planteados por los samis en sede judicial europea una sombra parece cernirse en la jurisprudencia regional, una luz aparece en las instancias africana e interamericana. El elemento espiritual de la tierra es una constante en las peticiones y decisiones que las CCII han planteado en estas dos sedes regionales, lo que contrasta con las presentadas ante el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos. Así, en esta aportación se pretende constatar que no sólo las decisiones pronunciadas sino el contenido o fondo de las demandas planteadas, el cómo proceden a plantear la vulneración del derecho a sus tierras, difieren significativamente. Para ello se recurre a un método analítico tanto de las solicitudes como del resultado de estas lo que se completa con las pertinentes aportaciones doctrinales.
“Mundos y epistemologías en resistencias: el caso del Pueblo Mapuche”
Authors: Quidel Lincoleo José
Published: March 2021

El presente escrito, aborda desde la perspectiva mapuche algunas consideraciones para pensar una posibilidad anclada en la resistencia. Así como valorar la dimensión espiritual lugar donde se mueven las principales fuentes de ese kimün (conocer mapuche). Deslizamos una trayectoria de algunos conceptos mapuche, así como las implicancias que ellas tienen en la actualidad frente a la embestida neoliberal extractivista.
CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF ERANDA PATRADI PUTPAKA IN VATAJA ABHISHYANDA: A REVIEW
Authors: Chaudhari Suhasini Atmaram , Kotangale Pundge Sumedha Yogesh , Kotangale Yogesh T
Published: March 2021

Our ancient seers have given prime importance to eye by considering it as most vital sense organ among all sense organ. It says that “sarvendriyaanam madhye nayanasy pradhanatavata” Nowadays due to exposure to dust and irritants, eye hygiene is not properly maintained. In addition to these habits like excessive work on computer and excessive use of mobile phones have increased incidence of diseases of eye like dry eye syndrome, allergic conjunctivitis, glaucoma, computer vision syndrome, diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy which are caused due to defective lifestyle. In Ayurveda the local treatment procedures of eye are explained as Netra Kriyakalpas. Ancient acharyas have explained 5 Kriyakalpas which alleviate the disease and to strengthen the proper functioning of eye, Putpaka is one among them. Putpaka is highly modified procedure for ophthalmic medication in which Putpaka rasa is used in the same mode of Tarpana. Vataja abhishyanda is one of Sarvagata rogas. According to modern ophthalmology Vataja abhishyanda can be correlated with allergic conjunctivitis. Allergic conjunctivitis is the most common type of eye allergy.
WOUND MANAGEMENT BY SUSHRUTA IN A COMPLETE MANNER: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Bhandare Madhuri Vitthalrao , Mhatre Sagar Raghunath , Bhandare Pooja Vitthalrao
Published: March 2021

Wound and its management is one of the most important basic principle of surgery. In modern surgery text wound is described in detail but first evidences are available in ancient Indian system of medicine namely Ayurveda as Vrana and Vrana Ropana (wound healing). Most of the acharyas described it in Samhitas but Sushruta described it in a complete manner which is also practically implemented in various types of wound and specially very useful in non-healing wound where modern surgery has some limitations. Hence in this review article wound management by Sushruta is focused and collected in one article which is scattered in various Adhyaya of Sushruta Samhita.
A REVIEW ON GARBHADHAN VIDHI: A UNIQUE CONCEPT OF AYURVEDA
Authors: Dansana Sudha , Kadam Sujata
Published: March 2021

Procreation is a religions duty enjoined on the Hindu to pay back his ancestral debt. Giving birth to a high-quality progeny is the demand of the today society and holistic Garbhadhan Vidhi as described in classical text fulfil this demand. Ayurveda describes simple methods to procure a healthy offspring and the planning of which starts from the selection of partner. These methods are popularised as Garbhadhan Samskara. In Ayurveda text Garbhadhan sacrament elaborated related to environmental factors, specific diet and cleansing measures which might influence the reproductive capabilities and have great physiological and psychological significance.
SIGNIFICANCE OF ASHTAMAHADOSHAKARABHAVAS IN PANCHAKARMA: A REVIEW
Authors: B Nagalakshmi , K N Vinaykumar
Published: March 2021

Chikitsa is a process which not only aims at the radical removal of the causative factors of the disease, but also at the restoration of the Dhatu Samyata. It is broadly classified into Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa. Panchakarma considered under Shodhana Chikitsa includes a specially designed five procedures for internal purification of the body. Panchakarma helps in reversal of the pathology by drawing morbid doshas from Shakha to Koshta and eliminating the same through the nearest possible route. In this process, there will be influence of the procedure at both Somatic and Psychological levels. In order to get optimum therapeutic effect of Panchakarma, in order to provide a favorable environment for the procedure to act on the body as well as to ensure the safety of the patient in preventing any complications that may arise either during or after the treatment, a set of rules and regulations pertaining to Ahara, Vihara and Manasika bhavas are to be followed by the client undergoing the Panchakarma. Among these, the Ashtamahadoshakarabhavas also called as Ashtamahavarjyakarabhavas are of paramount importance and creating the awareness in the patient undergoing panchakarma to avoid these eight impediments facilitates the attainment of optimum therapeutic effect without any complications. Henceforth, it is very important to have a thorough knowledge of Ashtamahadoshakarabhavas and its complications as well as its treatment.
EFFECT OF GOVERNMENTAL ANNOUNCEMENT AND DECISIONS DURING COVID-19 ON INDONESIAN SECTORAL INDEXES
Authors: Adriatama Irshad , Rahadi Raden Aswin
Published: March 2021

Global economy is suffering from a crisis due to COVID-19, during few months after the virus had begun to spread stock prices had been falling drastically all over the world. This paper aim to analyze what is happening to the stock market in Indonesia during the period of COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis will be done by looking at the historical data of several composite index from different sectors during the period of pandemic. We will take notes of important dates during this pandemic such as: first confirmed case, first death, work-from-home policy date, and other dates, to see whether these events can affect the index price during this pandemic by analyzing abnormal return on a certain period near those dates.
Improved the Comprehensive Properties of Low‐Temperature Co‐Fired Ceramic Composites Based on ZnO–B2O3–Na2O–Al2O3–SiO2 Glass by Introducing AlN Nano particles
Authors: Lv Yuanyuan , Zhang Lan , Yang Shuquan , Wang Zhihua , Chen Lin , Sun Jun , Li Xiaoxiao , Ding Jianjun , Zheng Kang , Gong Yi , Zhang Xian , Tian Xingyou
Published: March 2021

ZnO–B2O3–Na2O–Al2O3–SiO2 (ZBNAS) glass/Al2O3/AlN biphasic ceramics are prepared by a standard tape casting process and solid phase sintering. The low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) tapes are sintered at 850 °C for 2 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. The new phase of ZnAl2O4 is formed by the reaction between glass phase and ceramic fillers during the sintering process. The addition of AlN improves the comprehensive properties of the ZBNAS glass/Al2O3 composites. The samples with 30 wt% AlN exhibit a thermal conductivity of 5.48 W m−1 K−1, a low dielectric constant of 2.99 and a dielectric loss of 0.029 at 18 GHz, and a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 6.98 × 10−6 °C−1. The obtained composite ceramic with good comprehensive performance may be the promising candidates for high‐power devices.
Mechanical Manipulation of Nano‐Twinned Ferroelectric Domain Structures for Multilevel Data Storage
Authors: Hou Pengfei , Chen Cheng , Li Bo , Zheng Shuaizhi , Wang Jinbin , Zhong Xiangli , Liao Min
Published: March 2021

Ferroelectric materials feature a switchable spontaneous electric polarization and can enable low‐power logic and nonvolatile memories. These applications require reliable and precise control of ferroelectric domains and domain walls in ferroelectric thin films. Mechanical manipulation is a promising route to engineer ferroelectric domains, but it has proved ineffective when going beyond a critical thickness. Here, multi‐step 90° switching polarization reversal processes in (111)‐oriented PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 thin films by applying mechanical forces along the direction parallel to the domain bands are reported. By probing the interrelationships between the relevant order parameters, coupled lattice distortion and piezoelectricity is revealed to facilitate domain switching from downward to upward in PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3, a mechanism that is supported by the evolution of domains and electrical performances at different temperatures and under varying pressures, respectively. The multi‐step domain reversal processes render PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 thin films an excellent candidate for multilevel data storage. The study's results have implications for the manipulation of polarization switching in ferroelectrics and open an avenue to domain reversal driven by mechanical loads for the development of next‐generation ferroelectric devices.