bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
24-month clinical, immuno-virological outcomes and HIV status disclosure in adolescents living with perinatally-acquired HIV in the COHADO cohort, in Togo and Côte d’Ivoire, 2015-2017
Authors: Revegue Marc Harris Dassi Tchoupa , Takassi Elom , Eboua François Tanoh , Desmonde Sophie , Amoussou-Bouah Ursula Belinda , Bakai Tchaa Abalo , Jesson Julie , Dahourou Désiré Lucien , Malateste Karen , Raynaud Jean-Philippe , Arrivé Elise , Leroy Valériane
Published: October 2019

Background: Adolescents living with perinatally-acquired HIV (APHIV) face challenges including timely disclosure of their HIV-serostatus that was explored in the West-African COHADO cohort. We assessed the 24-month outcomes in COHADO, among APHIV in relation to the disclosure of their own HIV-serostatus.Methods: Nested within the International epidemiologic Database to Evaluate AIDS pediatric West African prospective cohort (IeDEA pWADA), the COHADO cohort included antiretroviral (ART)-treated APHIV aged 10–19 years, enrolled in HIV-care <10 years, in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) and Lomé (Togo) in 2015. A favorable 24-month outcome was defined when combining being retained in care, without progression to WHO-AIDS stage, with CD4 cell count > baseline CD4 (± 10%) and with virological suppression (viral load [VL] <50 copies/mL). We investigated correlates of APHIV favorable 24-month outcome using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Overall, 209 APHIV were included, 51.6% in Abidjan, 54.5% were females. At inclusion, median CD4 cell count was 521/mm3 (IQR[281-757]); only 29.6% had a VL measurement of whom 3.2% in virological suppression. APHIV were younger in Lomé (median age: 12 years (interquartile range [IQR]:11-15) compared to Abidjan (14 years (IQR:12-15, p=0.01). Full HIV-disclosure increased from 41.6% at inclusion to 74.1% after 24 months. After 24 months of follow-up, 6 (2.9%) died, 8 (3.8%) were lost to follow-up, 4 (1.9%) were transferred out. Overall, 73.7% did not progress to WHO-AIDS stage, 62.7% had CD4 count above (± 10%) of the baseline value (48.6% in Abidjan versus 69.0% in Lomé, p<0.001). Among the 83.7% with VL measurements, 48.8% were in virological suppression (Abidjan: 45.4%, Lomé: 52.5%, p<0.01). The 24-month combined outcome was favorable for 45% (29.6% in Abidjan and 61.4% in Lomé, p<0.01). Adjusted on sex, age, a 24-month favorable outcome was not associated with HIV-disclosure status but was significantly higher for APHIV living in Lomé compared to those living Abidjan (adjusted odds ratio =4.41, 95%CI:2.29-8.50). Conclusions: 24-month favorable outcome rates were low among West-African APHIV and differed accross countries. HIV-disclosure frequency improved over time but remained low. Context-specific responses are urgently needed to improve adolescent’s care to reach the UNAIDS 90% target of virological success for those on ART.
Climate change impacts on extreme rainfall frequency prediction
Authors: Alahmadi Fahad S. , Rahman Norhan Abd
Published: October 2019

The full integration between the computation of climate change effects and the prediction of extreme rainfall frequency is not yet well developed. In this study, the maximum daily rainfall of 26 stations in the western Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are extracted covering an area of 180,000 km2 for processing and analyzing. Discordancy test (Di) showed that some stations are discordant, and the selected study area needs to be subdivided in order to reduce the inherent discordance. The rainfall stations are subdivided into three sub-regions based on a new approach by using L-Skewness parameter value (low, moderate, and high). Five probability distribution functions (PDFs) are evaluated using goodness of fit (Zdist) test and L-moment ratios diagram (LMRD). It was found that for sub-regions A, B, and C, the best fits are generalized Pareto (GPA), Pearson type III (PE3) and generalized extreme value (GEV) PDFs, respectively. Regional growth curves for each sub-region are developed and the predicted extreme rainfall for 100 years' return periods are computed for each station. Finally, climate change impact is evaluated using the emission scenario A2 which is about +40% and the predicted extreme rainfall frequency is computed taking into consideration the climate change impacts.
Power law distribution characteristics of daily streamflow in the Yellow River Basin under a changing environment
Authors: Wang Xiu-Jie , Yuan Pei-Xian , Yuan Xi-Min , Tian Fu-Chang , Chen Xing-tong
Published: October 2019

Natural streamflow series usually exhibit a power law tail with a magnitude–frequency relationship; however, it is not known how the power law distribution of daily streamflow varies under the influence of climate change and human activities. Based on the annual streamflow series of Toudaoguai, Longmen, Sanmenxia, Huayuankou, Gaocun, and Lijin stations located in the Yellow River in China, the Mann–Kendall and Mann–Whitney–Pettitt methods were used to identify change-points. Thereafter, the power law distributions of the daily streamflow series before and after abrupt changes were studied based on the two-parameter power law distribution method. The results reveal that, firstly, under the influence of human activities, abrupt changes have taken place in the streamflow series of the Yellow River, mainly in the storage year of large reservoirs. Secondly, the daily streamflow series at four out of six stations obey a power law distribution, however, with short tails. The power law characteristics of the series before the abrupt change are essentially consistent with the entire streamflow series; however, these characteristics gradually disappear after abrupt changes. Thirdly, human activities are the main factors underlying the variations in the power law distribution of daily streamflow in different periods. This study provides a way for the study of streamflow changes in the Yellow River and may also offer a scientific basis for water resources development and ecological restoration.
Occurrence and molecular characterization of Torque teno virus (TTV) in a wastewater treatment plant in Tehran
Authors: Tavakoli Nick Shadi , Mohebbi Seyed Reza , Hosseini Seyed Masoud , Mirjalali Hamed , Alebouyeh Masoud
Published: October 2019

Torque teno virus (TTV) is a single-stranded DNA virus which is predominantly transmitted by the fecal–oral route and may be excreted in the absence of the clinical symptoms. TTV was previously considered a probable cause of hepatitis, but further studies could not strongly connect TTV to any serious health problem. TTV is highly resistant to water and wastewater treatment processes and can be a useful indicator for determining the fecal contamination of water. The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence and molecular characterization of TTV in treated wastewater in Tehran. Thirteen effluent samples were collected monthly from the biggest wastewater treatment plant in Tehran, Iran (from September 2017 to August 2018). The presence of the TTV was monitored in the samples by the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The TTV genome was found in 76.9% of the samples, and TTV of groups 1 and 3 were determined using phylogenetic analysis. Therefore, treated wastewater can play a key role in the transmission of TTV and the usage of treated wastewater as a source of potable water needs to be carefully controlled.
Pecularities of M&A Process in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Russia and China
Authors: Ovchinnikova L. S.
Published: October 2019

Emerging markets remain attractive for foreign investors due to their rapid economic growth rates and possibilities for profit-making. One of the methods to make investments into foreign countries are the M&A deals. The article discusses the M&A markets of China and Russia as the key representatives of emerging markets. In the article condition and development dynamics are analyzed. The author exposes main investor and deal types and key sectors that are the most attractive for participants of M&A deals. The article also reveals features of M&A deals realizations and legislative limitations for such deals in Russia and China. The author makes comparison between Chinese and Russian M&A markets and draws conclusion that M&A markets of these countries have much in common because of institutional peculiarities expressed in excessive government interference and imperfect legislation. At the same time the author outlines that Chinese M&A market surpasses the Russian one, that is connected with the economic development level and dynamics of the key macroeconomic indicators of China that also outstrip the Russian ones.
Propagation of pariparoba (Piperaceae) by different types of stem cuttings and substrates
Authors: Ferriani Aurea Portes , Krinski Diones
Published: October 2019

Piper cernuum Vell., a native species known as pariparoba, presents essential oil with potential properties and significant growth in clearings, being indicated for the recovery of degraded areas. Prospecting studies for new botanical matrices need the development of specific essays of plant propagation for future domestication of the species. This work aimed to evaluate the rooting of different types of cuttings using different substrates to develop a seedling production protocol. Stem cuttings with one or two nodes were installed on three types of substrates (medium sifted sand, vermiculite of medium granulometry and commercial substrate [Tropstrato HP®]) and maintained in greenhouse for 60 days to evaluation of the percentages of survival, mortality, sprouts, rooting, average number and average length of the roots. The results showed interaction between cutting types and substrates for rooting percentage and sprouting cuttings. The largest rooting percentages were observed in apical cuttings planted in sand and vermiculite (57.0 and 55.25%, respectively). Cuttings with two nodes presented higher performance than those with one node when compared for the analyzed variables.
Perdas irreparáveis: conflito bélico mundial, cultura material e patrimônio
Authors: Schossler Joana Carolina , Carvalho Aline Vieira Vieira
Published: October 2019

Este artigo ensaístico apresenta algumas reflexões acerca de conflitos bélicos e das perdas patrimoniais ocasionadas em ações de disputa entre grupos culturais, Estados nacionais ou outros agentes. Com base na angústia gerada pela ideia de perda, o texto propõe uma reflexão sobre o significado de cultura material, mostrando historicamente como as disputas de poder atingiram o patrimônio material das civilizações. Desse modo, discutiremos a ideia de memória e patrimônio, trazendo exemplos de personalidades que resistiram à intervenção alemã e promoveram ações significativas para a proteção dos bens culturais em seus países, e traçaremos, ainda, caminhos alternativos para pensar a tríade guerra, memória e patrimônio. O artigo ensaístico também discute as convenções criadas pela ONU a partir de 1954 e a prática dessas convenções perante as perdas irreparáveis da cultura material.
Lopinavir Loaded Spray Dried Liposomes with Penetration Enhancers for Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Maniyar Mithun , Chandak Ashok , Kokare Chandrakant
Published: October 2019

Objective:

HIV protease inhibitors (HIV-PI) are the drugs utilized for the treatment of
HIV. However, their effectiveness is limited due to lack of bioavailability and they need to be coadministered
with another drug. In this study single lopinavir (LPV) loaded phospholipid vesicles
were prepared by the spray-drying method. The LPV-loaded spray-dried powder (L-SDP) was
transformed into vesicles and then entrapped in a cream base with peppermint and olive oil.

Method:

It is an Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) membrane
fluidity study that is used to predict oil’s effect on skin. The central composite design was used to
optimize the L-SDP cream formulation. Ex-vivo drug release, skin deposition study, and cell proliferation
assays were carried out using cancer cell lines of breast, lung, and skin melanoma.
Analysis of DNA by flow cytometry on human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was carried
out. The fluorescence microscopy, histopathological study, and in-vivo bioavailability studies
were performed to measure the penetration and inertness of cream in animals.

Results:

A membrane fluidity study revealed the effectiveness of oils as penetration enhancers.
The L-SDP cream showed comparatively superior (%) drug deposition and permeability . Fluorescence
images further confirm the penetration ability of the L-SDP cream which showed promising
antiproliferative action on breast and lung cancer cells. The histopathological study demonstrates
the inertness of cream while in-vivo bioavailability studies showed the many-fold increase
in bioavailability of LPV.

Conclusions:

The liposomal drug delivery system of LPV has the potential to expose skin to systemic
circulation and is useful for treating cancer.
La violencia terrorista como espectáculo en internet
Authors: Cano Paños Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2019

La presencia del terrorismo islamista en internet ha cambiado cuantitativa y cualitativamente en los últimos años como consecuencia de la irrupción del autodenominado Estado Islámico. Nunca hasta ahora había resultado tan fácil acceder a toda clase de propaganda extremista, en especial, en las redes sociales. Los estrategas mediáticos de Estado Islámico han conseguido convertir el terror más atroz en un espectáculo hollywoodiense, que logra captar la atención de jóvenes de religión musulmana que habitan en Occidente. A partir de estas consideraciones, el presente trabajo analiza los distintos canales en línea a través de los cuales el movimiento islamista está llevando a cabo tareas de propaganda, captación, adoctrinamiento y adiestramiento de nuevos miembros de esta ideología pan-islámica radical dispuesta a extender el terror por todo el planeta.
Pengembangan Modul Radiator Trainer untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Mesin UNESA
Authors: Ariyanto Sudirman Rizki , Arsana I Made , Ulum Riyadlul
Published: October 2019

This study aims to develop modules as a learning media to facilitate the students in their learning of heat transfer. The study also tries to obtain an overview of the developed modules’ feasibility. This is development research which aim is to produce a learning module. This module was tested in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Surabaya State University. Fifteen students were randomly selected as respondents. The stages carried out in the development of this module comprise of the following phases: defining, designing, and development. Analysis of the data obtained from students’ learning outcome after attending the study using the "Radiator Trainer Heat Transfer Module" shows an increased performance. The post-test proofed that there is an increase in students’ marks compared to the pre-test outcome. The average of the increment is 93% of all students. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran berupa modul yang berguna untuk mempermudah mahasiswa dalam mempelajari ilmu perpindahan panas. Selain itu, kajian ini memperoleh gambaran tentang kelayakan modul yang dikembangkan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah modul pembelajaran. Uji coba modul ini dilakukan di Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Responden penelitian sejumlah 15 mahasiswa yang dipilih secara acak. Tahap-tahap yang dilakukan dalam pengembangan modul ini meliputi tahap pendefinisian, tahap perancangan dan tahap pengembangan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang diperoleh hasil belajar mahasiswa setelah mengikuti pembelajaran dengan menggunakan “Modul Perpindahan Panas Radiator Trainer” menjadi lebih meningkat, terbukti dari hasil perbandingan pre-test dan post-test terjadi peningkatan dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 93% dari seluruh mahasiswa.
Pengaruh Kecepatan Pemotongan dan Ketebalan Bahan Terhadap Kekerasan dan Kekasaran Permukaan Baja AISI 1045 Menggunakan CNC Plasma Arc Cutting
Authors: Rahmawati Ami Rima , Anis Samsudin , Rusiyanto Rusiyanto
Published: October 2019

This experimental study aims to determine the effect of cutting speed and material thickness on the surface hardness and roughness resulting from the cutting of AISI-1045 steel using CNC Plasma Arc Cutting. The data analysis technique being used was descriptive statistics. The variables of cutting the AISI-1045 steel for the cutting speeds are 75 mm/min, 100 mm/min, and 125 mm/min. The variables for material thickness are 5 mm, 9 mm, and 13 mm. The experiment carried out were the hardness test using Micro-hardness Tester M800 and roughness test using Surfcorder SE-1700. The results show that the lower the cutting speed, the higher the surface hardness and roughness value, and vice versa. The great thickness of the material, the hardness produced and the roughness value is higher. When the cutting speed and thickness of the material value are high, the workpiece cannot be cut off. The lowest hardness and surface roughness values were 261.33 HV and 10.3 µm, respectively, using a cutting speed of 125 mm/min and the material thickness of 5 mm. The highest hardness value is 319.66 HV, using a cutting speed of 75 mm/min and a material thickness of 13 mm. The highest surface roughness value is 26.8 µm, which were obtained using a cutting speed of 75 mm/min and material thickness of 9 mm.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecepatan pemotongan dan ketebalan bahan terhadap kekerasan dan kekasaran permukaan hasil pemotongan baja AISI-1045 menggunakan CNC Plasma Arc Cutting. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah statistika deskriptif pada pemotongan baja AISI-1045 dengan kecepatan pemotongan 75 mm/min, 100 mm/min, 125 mm/min dan tebal bahan 5 mm, 9 mm, dan 13 mm. Pengujian kekerasan dilakukan menggunakan microhardness terster M800 dan pengujian kekasaran dilakukan menggunakan Surfcorder SE-1700. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin rendah kecepatan pemotongan maka nilai kekerasan semakin tinggi dan nilai kekasaran permukaan semakin tinggi atau sebaliknya. Semakin besar ketebalan bahan yang digunakan maka nilai kekerasan yang dihasilkan semakin tinggi dan nilai kekasaran semakin tinggi atau sebaliknya. Semakin tinggi kecepatan pemotongan dan ketebalan bahan, benda kerja tidak dapat terpotong. Nilai kekerasan dan kekasaran permukaan paling rendah yaitu 261,33 HV dan 10,3 µm dengan kecepatan pemotongan 125 mm/min dan ketebalan bahan 5 mm. Nilai kekerasan yang paling tinggi yaitu 319,66 HV dengan menggunakan kecepatan pemotongan 75 mm/min dan ketebalan bahan 13 mm dan nilai kekasaran permukaan paling tinggi yaitu 26,8 µm dengan kecepatan pemotongan 75 mm/min dan ketebalan bahan 9 mm.
Pengembangan Transferable Skills dalam Pembelajaran Produktif Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan di Era Industri 4.0
Authors: Wibowo Yulianto Eko , Syamwil Rodia
Published: October 2019

The demand for industries in the fulfilment of labour is more complex because it must be suitable for the competencies in hard skills and soft skills. Vocational High School (SMK) becomes pivotal in fulfilling the needs of industrial labour. The transferable skills to be developed are communication, cooperation, discipline and responsibility. The purpose of this study is to analyze those transferable skills in the learning process of a productive course at vocational high school and how much have the students absorb those soft skills. This research is descriptive research using a mixed-method approach. The results show the soft skills in productive-course learning in numbers: communication ability 87.18 % (very good criteria), cooperation 86.14 % (very good criteria), discipline 89.64 % (very good criteria), and responsibility 86.78 % (very good criteria). Whereas for the absorption of the soft skills: communication 83.37 % (good criteria), cooperation 86.16 % (very good criteria), discipline 80.43 % (good criteria) and responsibility 82.07 % (good criteria). The implementation of transferable skills in productive-course learning in SMK has succeeded and is following the objectives and demands of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. This can be reinforced by accustomization of character and behaviour of the students so that they always communicate actively, be cooperative, have discipline and show responsibility in the learning process.Tuntutan industri dalam pemenuhan tenaga kerja era Industri 4.0 bernilai lebih kompleks karena harus disesuaikan dengan kompetensi hard skills maupun soft skills. SMK menjadi point penting dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan tenaga kerja industri. Transferable skills yang dikembangkan adalah komunikasi, kerjasama, dan kedisiplinan dan tanggung jawab. Tujuannya adalah untuk menganalisis pengembangan transferable skills dalam pembelajaran produktif di SMK dan keterserapan soft skills siswa SMK. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif pendekatan mix methods. Transferable skills dalam pembelajaran produktif SMK menghasilkan pengembangan soft skill kemampuan berkomunikasi mencapai 87.18% kriteria sangat baik, soft skill kerjasama mencapai 86.14% kriteria sangat baik, soft skill disiplin 89.64% kriteria sangat baik dan soft skill tanggung jawab 86.78% kriteria sangat baik. Keterserapan soft skill kemampuan berkomunikasi mencapai 83.37% kriteria baik, soft skill kerjasama mencapai 86.16% kriteria sangat baik, soft skill disiplin mencapai 80.43% kriteria baik, dan soft skill tanggung jawab 82.07 kriteria baik. Transferable skills dalam pembelajaran produktif SMK di Kota Semarang sudah dilaksanakan dengan baik sesuai tujuan dan tuntutan era Industri 4.0. Hal ini perlu dikuatkan dengan pembiasaan sifat dan sikap siswa untuk selalu aktif berkomunikasi, bekerjasama, disiplin dan bertanggung jawab dalam proses pembelajaran.
Methods in Making Steel-Copper Sandwich Laminates Materials
Authors: Soemowidagdo Arianto Leman , Tiwan Tiwan
Published: October 2019

This research is aimed at developing a method to make steel-copper sandwich laminate materials. The research focused on the method of developing the sandwich material. In a method I, the steel plate arrangement is heated up to austenite temperature and subsequently, a molten copper is poured into it. In method II, the steel plate arrangement is immersed into a molten copper in a temperature of 1200 °C. The result shows that in the method I, the diffusion on the interface layer of steel-copper sandwich laminate is unemployed because of an occurrence of oxidation on the steel surface. On the contrary, in method II the diffusion on the interface of steel-copper sandwich laminate is indicated by higher shear stress, which is 231.88 N/mm2. However, the immersing method needs to be improved to give better products, since cavities caused by trapped air still exist and are reducing the quality of the laminates.Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengembangkan metode pembuatan laminat baja-tembaga. Penelitian difokuskan pada metode pembuatan laminat. Pada metode I, susunan pelat baja dipanaskan hingga suhu austenit dan kemudian tembaga cair dituangkan. Metode II adalah merendam susunan pelat baja ke dalam tembaga cair bersuhu 1200 0C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada metode I tidak terjadi difusi pada lapisan antarmuka laminat baja-tembaga karena permukaan baja mengalami oksidasi saat dipanaskan. Sebaliknya, metode II menunjukkan terjadi difusi pada antarmuka laminat baja-tembaga dengan tegangan geser tertinggi 231,88 N/mm2. Namun, metode II harus diperbaiki untuk memberikan produk yang lebih baik karena masih terdapat rongga akibat udara yang terjebak dan mengurangi kualitas laminat.
Leiomiosarcoma peritoneal en un canino: reporte de caso
Authors: Julieta Esperanza Ochoa Amaya  , Daniel Eduardo Zambrano  , Anita Isabel Roque Rodriguez  , Nicolle Queiroz-Hazarbassanov  , María Lucia Zaidan Dagli
Published: October 2019

El propósito de este estudio fue para presentar y documentar un leiomiosarcoma peritoneal en un canino y sus hallazgos histopatológicos e Inmunohistoquímica. El paciente, una hembra de 5 años de edad, de raza Chow-Chow, fue llevada a la Clínica Veterinaria de la Universidad de los Llanos, debido a pérdida de peso, postración y baja condición corporal. Al examen físico presentó mucosas pálidas, aumento de la silueta abdominal con contenido de fluido serosanguinolento. A la palpación se evidenció en el epigastrio craneal una masa no dolorosa, de consistencia dura, de superficie irregular y desplazable caudalmente. Anormalidades bioquímicas séricas incluyeron proteínas totales plasmáticas aumentadas, globulina y creatinina. Así, una laparotomía exploratoria fue realizada, identificando una masa en el mesenterio unida a la porción de intestino grueso. En el reporte se señalaron los siguientes hallazgos macroscópicos: una masa firme de 18 cm de longitud y 13 cm de ancho, con una superficie irregular, gran vascularización. Las muestras de tejido fueron fijadas en formalina buferada al 10% para análisis histopatológico e Inmunohistoquímica. Las muestras fueron procesadas por los métodos de rutina para microscopía y coloración con hematoxilina-eosina (HE), tricrómico de Masson, anticuerpos anti-citoqueratina CK5, anti-actina de músculo liso, vimentina y KIT(CD117). En conclusión, el tumor fue clasificado por histopatología como de origen mesenquimal e inmunopositividad citoplasmática difusa interna de células neoplásicas para actina de músculo liso, vimentina y negatividad para KIT, condujo al diagnóstico de leiomiosarcoma.
Evaluation of a Custom-Developed Computer Game to Improve Executive Functioning in 4- to 6-Year-Old Children Exposed to Alcohol in Utero: Protocol for a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Louw Jacobus Gidion , Olivier Leana , Skeen Sarah , van Heerden Alastair , Tomlinson Mark
Published: October 2019

Background

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is one of the most common causes of preventable intellectual disability, and the key associated deficits are in executive function (EF). Aspects of EF can be improved using cognitive training interventions. The highest prevalence of FASD globally (at a rate of 135.1 per 1000) has been found in a South African population in the Western Cape province. There is a shortage of specialized health service personnel, and there are limited remedial services. Computer-based cognitive training, if age and culturally appropriate, could be an effective way to provide the interventions with minimal need for skilled personnel and other resources. The Foundation for Alcohol Related Research has developed such a program for the South African context.

Objective

This protocol aimed to evaluate whether it is feasible to use computerized cognitive training in a resource-poor context to improve cognitive function in children exposed to alcohol in utero.

Methods

We are conducting a randomized controlled trial in the Saldanha Bay Municipal area, evaluating a custom-developed cognitive training program to improve the cognitive function of children aged between 4 and 6 years who were exposed to alcohol in the prenatal stage. Participants will be recruited from local Early Childhood Development centers. Community workers will interview biological mothers to identify alcohol-exposed pregnancies. Alcohol-exposed children will be randomized into an intervention or a control group of 40 participants each using block randomization. A group of 40 children not exposed to alcohol will be included in a normative group using individual randomization. The intervention group will play the game for 6 months (40 sessions). Normative and control groups will receive no intervention. Neurodevelopmental assessments will be done at baseline and upon completion of the study with all participants.

Results

The intervention has started, and all baseline assessments have been done at the time of submission.

Conclusions

This study will provide insight into whether computerized cognitive training is viable and effective in the South African context. It has the potential to provide a means of intervention globally and in other resource-poor context and expand the knowledge base regarding executive functioning and FASD. This paper presents the research protocol and intervention design of the study.

Trial Registration

ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN17244156; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17244156.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/14489
Vitality in Teenagers and Adolescents: Dynamics and Determinants
Authors: Куфтяк Елена , Kuftyak Elena
Published: October 2019

The author explores human vitality as an indicator of people’s ability to develop, adapt and maintain stability/balance in challenging life situations. The concept of vitality embraces two aspects: susceptibility to negative circumstances and subsequent successful adaptation or positive outcome. The core factors of human vitality are considered personal traits, social competence, and available external support. The paper reflects the procedure of adapting and testing the psychometric indicators of the questionnaire aimed at assessing the vitality factors. It describes the findings of the study focused on the development of vitality in teenagers and adolescents. It is assumed that vitality differs across age groups at different stages of ontogeny, and personality traits and social relations are either protective or risk factors. It is shown that vitality differs across different age groups of young people, including by gender. The author discusses the personal development of junior schoolchildren with different levels of vitality. The group of viable younger adolescents expresses the “high IQ” factor (V), and “low-vitality” adolescents feel a high level of anxiety (factor O).
International Conference “Experiments and Experimentality in Anthropology and Interdisciplinary Studies” (Moscow, May 15–16, 2018)
Authors: Функ Дмитрий , Funk Dmitry , Игнатьев Роман , Ignatyev Roman , Филатова Василиса , Filatova Vasilisa
Published: October 2019

The conference debated about a wide range of issues, such as scientific experiments and experiments with science; interdisciplinary labs as a way of cooperation; observer’s position in the journey, in the expedition, in the experiment; general (and therefore incredibly challenging in theory and in practice) issues of the experiment ethics in anthropology. Along with these issues, “private” topics were discussed, for example, the museum as a lab.
International Academic Conference Soviet-Spanish Relations during the Spanish Civil War in 1936–1939 (Moscow, 12–14 September, 2018)
Authors: Гранцева Екатерина , Granceva Ekaterina
Published: October 2019

In September 2018, the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of World History, together with MGIMO of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, ADAR and the Association of Russian Diplomats, the Council of War and Labor Veterans, arranged the International Academic Conference Soviet-Spanish Relations during the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939. The participants discussed documentary evidence and the most crucial issues related to the study of this period, as well as preservation of historical memory in Russia and Spain.
5th Russian National Academic Conference The Economic History of Siberia in the 20th — Early 21st Century (Barnaul, 29–30 June, 2018)
Authors: Демчик Евгения , Demchik Evgeniya
Published: October 2019

The 5th Russian National Academic Conference The Economic History of Siberia of the 20th — Early 21st Century reviewed the key issues of the region’s economic development: actors and models of agar manufacture; highways and industrial powerhouses as components of modernization processes; changes in the relationship of the government, business and society, motives of work in different historical periods; everyday economy of urban and rural populations.
International Academic Workshop Kant’s Philosophy and Relevant Issues of the Modern Science and Politics (Kaliningrad, 4–5 May, 2018)
Authors: Дмитриева Нина , Dmitrieva Nina , Луговой Сергей , Lugovoy Sergey
Published: October 2019

The international academic workshop held in the Institute for the Humanities, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, with representatives of different philosophical areas, debated over the relevance of concepts inspired by the European Enlightenment, and especially Kant’s philosophy, in the search for answers to the global challenges of our time. In their reports and discussion, the participants reviewed the possibilities and restrictions of applying Kant’s transcendental philosophy to solving the modern issues of science and applied ethics, law and politics, as well as the importance of modified educational rationality for modern education, the development of critical thinking and the restoration of socially responsible communication between science and society amidst today’s global challenges. One of the focuses was the Kant’s concept of man and its heuristic capabilities in the era of the booming robotics, genetic and biomedical engineering, and in the conditions of the ever-growing human dehumanization.
Outlook and Analytical Research of Interconnections between the Employment Sector and Professional Education in Russia
Authors: Коровкин Андрей , Korovkin Andrey , Долгова Ирина , Dolgova Irina , Единак Екатерина , Edinak Ekaterina , Королёв Иван , Korolev Ivan
Published: October 2019

The project focuses on the interrelated dynamics between the employment sector and the educational system in the Russian Federation and across regions, identifies structural and regional features of such interconnection. It dwells upon the analysis, simulation and forecasting the process of coordinating the demand for talent and the supply of workforce with different levels of education in the national and regional labor markets. The authors provide insights into the factors and conditions that determine the peculiar interaction of demand for labor and its supply, taking into account the education of the workforce, including, across the regions. The research reviews the findings of simulating the process that coordinates the demand for talent and the supply of workforce with different levels of professional education. It shows the interaction of talent demand and supply with due regard to workforce education in individual regional labor markets.
Global Processes and the Modern World
Authors: Саямов Юрий , Sayamov Yuriy
Published: October 2019

The paper describes key takeaways and conclusions concerning international relations in the context of global processes. International relations, with their more obvious globalization, are reviewed not only and not so much in the traditional way as a certain amount of national policies and histories of international communication, but rather as an environment and space, which during their evolution have been increasingly saturated with emerging global political processes. The analysis and research of political processes and applied tools, techniques and technologies in international relations are of great importance because they help not only to reveal the global political “inside”, but also to anatomize its components for the purposes of de­ve­loping overseas political actions and forecasting their outcomes.
Transformation of Universities and Think Tanks Based in the Asian Countries
Authors: Колдунова Екатерина , Koldunova Ekaterina
Published: October 2019

The paper is a comparative study of the interconnection between the economic growth of Asia (especially its Pacific part) and the fast-paced growth of a number of Asian universities and think tanks amidst the overall process of developing science and education in Asia. It describes the unparalleled success of Japan, Singapore, South Korea and China from the point of view of their leading universities included in the top global rankings (which, from a formal point of view, is reflected in their top positions in the three major world university rankings), and general and specific issues of their today’s development.

The quantitative and qualitative data included in the paper prove two main points. First, there is a significant differentiation between the Asian countries in terms of creating excellent universities, which, apparently, will have a long-term impact on the overall development of these countries. Second, even those Asian countries that have already achieved success in developing their own universities will soon face new challenges related to the exhaustion of the export-focused model of economic growth and the onset of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
Minority Indo-Aryan Languages of North India: Kullui Language
Authors: Мазурова Юлия , Mazurova Yuliya
Published: October 2019

The project aims at documenting the Indo-Aryan Kullui language. This unwritten minor language of the Himachali Pahari group is common in Kullu district in Himachal Pradesh (India). The core objective of the project is to describe Kullui through field methods in linguistics. The study includes the collection of sociolinguistic information, grammar description, compi­ling a dictionary, as well as recording texts. The project run by A.S. Krylova, Yu.V. Mazurova, E.A. Renkovskaya, E.M. Shuvannikova (Knyazeva) is carried out under the auspices of the Institute of Linguistics, the Russian Academy of Sciences.

During the linguistic expeditions to Himachal Pradesh, the researchers collected insights into the sociolinguistic situation: types of multilingualism, areas of use of the main languages in the region — Kullui, Hindi, English, etc.; studied the language features of different generations. The research shows the dynamics of the linguistic situation: in the older generation, especially, among women, there are cases of monolingual language — knowledge of the local language alone; the middle generation, as a rule, speaks several languages — Hindi, one or several local languages/dialects, some also know English (its Indian version). In addition, some people know Punjabi, Urdu, Nepali to some extent, which is associated with the geographic location and history of Himachal Pradesh. Young people and schoolchildren demonstrate the onset of a language shift: many people know Himachali languages and use them in everyday life; however, the use of minor languages is gradually restricted to communication with older family members. The key communication tool for the younger generation is Hindi, for educated youth — both Hindi and English.

A detailed description of minor languages is relevant right now, while they still retain their authenticity and used by all generations. It is crucial to document them using new modern technologies (voiced dictionaries, gloss texts with audio and video recordings). Existing as a means of oral communication, Kullui and other minor languages of Himachal Pradesh currently lack standardized writing. The research team has developed a phonological transcription based on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) for recording oral speech, as well as morphological parsing for grammatical material.
Russian National Scientific Conference with International Participants “The Age of Archaeology: Discoveries — Tasks — Prospects” (Moscow, April 10–12, 2019)
Authors: Вдовиченко Марина , Vdovichenko Marina
Published: October 2019

Held in Moscow, the scientific conference brought together archaeologists from Russia, Germany, Italy, France, Kazakhstan; it provided ample key complete and future promising achievements of the 100-year development of the Russian academic archaeology. The exhibition dedicated to the anniversary conference announced top-line findings of archaeological research during this period.
Revolution and Sovereign Tradition in Alexander Pushkin’s Early Works (“Ode to Liberty”)
Authors: Гулин Александр , Gulin Aleksandr
Published: October 2019

The paper explores the “Ode to Liberty” (1817) as the focus for the state problems in the early Pushkin’s works. In the process of analysis, it is comprehensively substantiated that the extraordinary stability and inclusiveness of Pushkin's ode is in the supra-obstinacy of its moral ideal, which surpasses the political realities of our time. As early as at the onset of the poet’s creativity, the Russian Orthodox Empire is considered the most important source of Pushkin’s ideal views, which he himself opposes only at first sight. It is concluded that Pushkin’s view of the problem of freedom and tyranny, his understanding of universal historical processes belong not to the rebel consciousness, but are related to purely Russian enlightenment, which became especially obvious to the contemporaries of the 1812 war. Pushkin’s creative inspiration is largely imperial and does not expect any other favourable conditions for itself, but comes true in the inevitably dramatic Russian world of the New Age.

In the course of the project, the author obtained insights into one of the key issues of humanitarian knowledge in Russia: determined the unbiased place of Pushkin in the state life of the country, studied the diverse directions of the national ideal of the homeland service in the fate and work of the greatest Russian poet, historiographer and political thinker. The research reflects the dialectical complexity of paths of discovery and perfect expression of Pushkin’s spiritual nature, the mystical foundations of the age-old Russian statehood across all areas of his creative nature.
Концепции биоморфизма и параметризма в современной архитектуре: проблемы и перспективы
Authors: Dobritsyna Irina
Published: October 2019

В статье рассмотрены новейшие явления в архитектуре, вызванные возможностями новой цифровой технологии. Особое внимание уделено концепции «параметризма», предложенной германо-британским философом Патриком Шумахером (архитектурное бюро «Заха Хадид Арчитектс»). Показано, что Шумахер предлагает экономически выгодный и сверхбыстрый в исполнении принцип проектирования для сферы массовой городской застройки, основанный на математике «параметризма» и позволяющий массовое про­дуцирование вариаций архитектурной формы в пределах программы.

Кратко оценена книга Шумахера «Автопоэзис архи­тектуры», которая несёт пафос прагматики, построена на матрице теории систем и одновременно - на теории коммуникации социолога Никласа Лумана, рассматри­вающего социальные системы по аналогии с системами биологическими. Термин «автопойезис», означающий самовоспроизводство, заимствован Луманом у нейро­биологов. Социальная система, по мнению социолога, аналогична биологической и способна производить и воспроизводить все свои части из себя самой. Показано, что - в свою очередь - термин «аутопойезис» заимствован у социолога Лумана философом Патриком Шумахером в теоретической работе «Автопоэзис архитектуры». Под­черкивается, что размышления Шумахера соответственно предстают: во-первых, в коммуникативной и, во-вторых, в биологической логике. И тем самым уходят от формаль­но-пространственной логики архитектурной профессии, построенной сегодня на цифровом основании, устремляясь к прагматике экономики пост-фордизма.

Автор настоящей статьи рассматривает данную концеп­цию критически, поскольку заявленный принцип противо­речит онтологическому началу человеческого поселения, превращая городскую застройку из «города для людей» в сотообразное «подобие подобий».

В критике автор статьи опирается на собственные доводы и на концепции теоретиков архитектуры: американца Кристо­фера Хайта, британца Марио Карпо, голландца Нильса Прака.
MULTICOMPONENT SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF DELAPRIL AND INDAPAMIDE IN TABLETS
Authors: Todeschini Vitor , Leite Regiane , Sangoi Maximiliano , Oliveira Paulo , Barth Thiago
Published: October 2019

A multicomponent ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of delapril (DEL) and indapamide (IND) in tablets employing the partial least squares regression (PLSR) approach. The PLSR method was developed by a multilevel factorial design using 25 synthetic mixtures of drugs and a significant predict model (p < 0.05) were obtained at 225 nm for DEL (r2 = 0.9992) and 243 nm for IND (r2 = 0.9997). Validation parameters such as the specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness were evaluated in accordance with the ICH requirements, giving satisfactory results within the acceptable range. The proposed PLSR method was successfully applied for simultaneous determination of DEL and IND in fixed dose combinations and can be used as simple alternative to separation techniques.
MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CEFPIROME IN RAW MATERIAL AND INJECTABLE PREPARATION
Authors: Oppe Tércio Paschke , Menegola Julia , Schapoval Elfrides E.S.
Published: October 2019

Cefpirome is a fourth-generation cephalosporin active against a broad spectrum of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial infections. The present work describe the development and validation of a simple, sensitive and specific agar diffusion bioassay applying cylinder-plate method for quantification of cefpirome in raw material and powder for injectable preparation. The validation method yielded good results and included linearity, precision, accuracy and specificity. The assay is based on the inhibitory effect of cefpirome upon the strain of Kocuria rizophila ATCC 9341 as the test microorganism. The result of assay were treated statistically by ANOVA and the response graphs for standard and sample solutions were linear (r = 0.9948) in the range of 0.3 – 1.2 µg mL-1, precise (intra-assay: RSD = 0.11; inter-assay: RSD = 0.18) and accurate (mean recovery value = 99.41%). A preliminary stability study of cefpirome showed that the microbiological assay is specific for the determination cefpirome in the presence of its degradation products. The proposed microbiological method allows the quantitation of cefpirome in pharmaceutical dosage form and raw material and can be used for the drug analysis in routine quality control.
FEASIBILITY OF DIRECT SOLID SAMPLING FOR ARSENIC DETERMINATION IN SULFUR-CONTAINING ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS BY GF AAS
Authors: Flores Erico Marlon Moraes , Duarte Fabio Andrei , Druzian Gabriel Toneto , Nascimento Mariele Samuel , Barin Juliano Smanioto , Bolzan Rodrigo Cordeiro
Published: October 2019

A method for As determination in sulfur-containing active pharmaceutical ingredients (SC-APIs) by direct solid sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption (DSS-GF AAS) was developed. The proposed method was successfully applied to three SC-APIs (hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide and sulfadiazine). Palladium was used as chemical modifier as well as hydrogen during the pyrolysis allowing the direct determination of As in the SC-APIs without interferences caused by gaseous sulfur species. Sample masses (hydrochlorothiazide) from 0.4 to 3 mg were used and calibration with aqueous standard solutions was feasible. The limit of quantification was 0.033 mg g-1 and the calibration ranged from 0.1 to 1.6 ng As. Recoveries for As solutions added directly to the solid samples were between 95 and 103%, showing a good accuracy. The method validation highlighted its robustness, since variation in pyrolysis and atomization temperatures, as well as in Pd and sample masses, did not change significantly the results. Additional experiments showed that this method can be applied to other SC-APIs (as e.g., furosemide and sulfadiazine). Arsenic concentration in hydrochlorothiazide samples ranged from 0.13 to 0.48 mg g-1, while in furosemide and sulfadiazine samples it was from 0.49 and 0.54 mg g-1, respectively. The use of DSS-GF AAS does not require previous sample digestion and As could be directly determined in the solid samples providing some advantages, as lower risks of contamination and analyte losses, good accuracy and limits of quantification.