bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La situation de la psychiatrie en 2022
Authors: Pelissolo Antoine
Published: April 2022

La psychiatrie est une spécialité médicale majeure du fait de son impact humain et social, qui traverse depuis des années une crise grave restée longtemps ignorée. Certains mouvements sociaux dans les hôpitaux et l’augmentation des besoins depuis la pandémie de la Covid-19 ont conduit à mettre en lumière les dysfonctionnements de ce secteur, et à amorcer des plans et des mesures spécifiques. Parmi celles-ci, depuis 2017, on peut citer la création d’une délégation ministérielle à la santé mentale et à la psychiatrie, l’élaboration d’une feuille de route comportant plusieurs dizaines de mesures organisationnelles, et de nouvelles annonces fin 2021 lors des Assises de la santé mentale en présence du président de la République. Même s’il est encore trop tôt pour en apprécier les effets réels, on peut considérer d’un côté que ces mesures marquent une attention assez inédite à ce domaine trop souvent délaissé, mais de l’autre que les efforts annoncés sont loin d’être suffisants pour résorber tous les manques et retards accumulés sur l’ensemble du territoire et dans toutes les populations concernées. De plus, on peut déplorer l’absence de vision à long terme d’une politique de santé mentale englobant tous ses aspects médicaux, sociaux et éthiques qui devraient faire l’objet d’une loi-cadre spécifique et d’une programmation interministérielle.
Grand âge : quel bilan du quinquennat ?
Authors: Rapp Thomas , David-Bertrand Astrid , Sicsic Jonathan
Published: April 2022

Malgré l’absence de réforme du grand âge et de l’autonomie, le quinquennat qui s’achève a vu la réalisation de nombreuses actions, dont les plus importantes resteront les revalorisations salariales des métiers du grand âge et la création de la branche autonomie de la Sécurité sociale. On peut néanmoins regretter l’absence d’une stratégie globale pour appréhender les enjeux de la transition démographique. En effet, la multiplication des missions, rapports, expérimentations, mesures, et annonces a créé une certaine confusion dans l’orientation de la stratégie gouvernementale. Par ailleurs, trois chantiers restent entiers à la fin du quinquennat : pérenniser le financement de l’autonomie, lutter contre l’isolement des seniors, et « désinstitutionnaliser » le secteur.
Phase-separation phenomena in polymer solutions
Authors:   , Koenhen Dirk Marinus
Published: April 2022

In this thesis work on some aspects of phase separation phenomena in polymer solutions is reported.
Enhancement of Students’ Learning Outcomes through Interactive Multimedia
Authors: Hadi Waluyo , Yuksafa Royana , Yarmi Gusti , Safitri Desy , Lestari Ika , Suntari Yustia , Umasih  , Marini Arita , Sudrajat Ajat , Iskandar Rossi
Published: April 2022

Purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using animated video media on student learning outcomes in Solar System science subjects and to determine the improvement in student learning outcomes in class VI SDN Padurenan Jaya.The research design used is a quantitative technique using a quasi-experimental method in the form of Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. The variables in this study are, the independent variable is the use of animation media, while the dependent variable is student learning outcomes. The subjects of this study were students of class VI A and VI B at SDN Padurenan Jaya, totaling 52 students. The sample was determined by purposive sampling, namely, 28 students as the experimental group (VI A) and 26 students as the control group (VI B). Data collection techniques in this study used multiple choice tests in the form of pretest and posttest. Testing the requirements of the hypothesis using normality test (using chi squared analysis technique) and homogeneity test. The validity of the test items was carried out by expert judgment and testing instruments. The reliability of the instrument was test calculated by the Kuder-Richardson formula (KR-20) obtained r = 0.893 which means the reliability of the instrument is very high. The data analysis technique used was a separate group t-test (independent sample test). The t-test was used to determine differences in the level of student learning outcomes.Based on the results of the study, the average score for the pretest control class was 46.54 and the average posttest was 64.04; while in the experimental class the average value of the pretest was 48.39 and the average value of the posttest was 74.82. The increase in learning outcomes for the control class was 17.50 and the experimental class was 26.43. Analysis using all results posttest and tested by t-test with the acquisition of t count > t table (4.775 > 2.021), indicating that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, from these results it can be concluded that student learning outcomes using animated video media are greater than the results. Student learning using conventional methods (lectures or blackboards).
Developing a Virtual Nature Laboratory of Faculty Social Science (LAV-FIS) to Assists Field-Based Learning during Pandemic: A Need Analysis Review
Authors: Kurniawan Bayu , Shrestha Rajendra Prasad , Astina I Komang , Hadi Nur , Irawan Listyo Yudha , Kurniawati Elya , Wiradimadja Agung
Published: April 2022

The Covid-19 outbreak has affected several aspects of field-based learning. The best way to ensure the survival and safety of everyone involved in field-based learning is to adapt and integrate technology. In response to this problem, numerous innovations in learning technology that lead to the virtualization of the learning environment have begun to emerge. However, the various application products developed have fallen short of the expectations of students. As a result, in order to design the optimal virtual application for use in field-based learning, a needs analysis must be done. This study offers an understanding of student needs for virtual field-based learning applications. An online survey of 140 active university students was carried out to do so. The results showed that students require applications with sophisticated features that resemble the real world for the implementation of online field-based learning. They expect the incorporation of online meeting features, 360 Virtual Reality Panorama, access to learning videos, augmented reality, learning materials, chatbox, and multimedia into the software that will be developed.
The Effectiveness of Darask Platform as E-Learning Tool to Improve the Educational Process during COVID-19
Authors: Abutaieh Khaled , AlMohtadi Reham , Almazaydeh Laiali
Published: April 2022

The globe is grappling with the COVID-19 pandemic, which has enslaved the economy, including the educational sector. This epidemic has caused recent changes and disruptions in all aspects of life, this pandemic has compelled educational systems all across the world to find altarenate methods to keep the process of education going on. To cope with the current case, Darasak platform is authorized by Jordanian Ministry of Education to be an alternative choice for proceeding with the educational process. The goal of the current study is to know the impact of Darasak platform to be compensate tool to perform the educational process during Covid 19. The data were collected by questionnaires and distributed by webs side to students, teachers and parents. The result of the study shown that Darasak platform was a new application to students so it was found that facilities, flexibility appropriateness and effectiveness of Darasak platform were not up to expectation.  Students were not satisfied about the performance of Darasak platform.
A Novel Approach to Support Scalable Multicast Routing in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Qabajeh Mohammad M.
Published: April 2022

Nowadays, group communications over Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) have received significant attention. Multicasting plays an important role in simultaneous delivery of information to group of receivers. Thus, it is necessary to design efficient and effective multicast routing protocol to support group communication applications. Several efforts have been put to improve multicast routing. However, they do not consider scalability issue. This paper introduces a a novel Scalable Geographic Multicast Routing Protocol (SGMRP). The main objective of this protocol is to design a lightweight scalable multicast routing scheme irrespective of the number of multicast members and network size. To achieve this, a virtual clustering strategy has been introduced. This strategy based on partitioning the network into sectorial zones. The proposed solution performs efficient packet forwarding with reduced communication overhead. The proposed scheme eliminates the duplicate packets between clusters and reduces the number of participating nodes
A Rural Healthcare Mobile App
Authors: Ahmed Afaq , Khan Ahmad Ali , Shah Ismail , Tahir Muhammad Ali , Mumtaz Rafia
Published: April 2022

This chapter presents a voice-enabled mobile application that provides preliminary medical diagnosis of non-fatal diseases. It operates in Urdu language, asking questions from the user and responding in the form of a voice-based dialogue. It addresses the problem of lack of hospitals and medical facilities, especially in rural areas. Furthermore, due to the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, people are wary of visiting the over-crowded government hospitals. The mobile application developed by the authors provides a quick and inexpensive preliminary diagnosis and medical advice. In case of emergency, it recommends a nearby hospital/doctor. As the system is in Urdu language and voice based, it is well-suited to the Pakistani population's low literacy rate. The application user interface is engineered to be intuitive and simple to use.
Accessing Empathy and Humility to Become a Better Advisor Across Cultures
Authors: Salas Kandy Mink
Published: April 2022

This chapter examines the use of empathy and humility when connecting with students who are different from advisors' own social identities. The best advisors and counselors demonstrate deep caring for students and an appreciation for their experiences and circumstances. Great advisors also have a deep understanding of their own identities. Therefore, this chapter explores ways to learn to access and practice empathy and gives examples of how humility can lead to the development of nuanced advising and counseling skills. Numerous real-life examples of mistakes and missteps from the experience of the author are described, and the deep learning that resulted is revealed. The role of the COVID-19 pandemic is also explored as current societal situation calls for higher education leadership to practice compassion, empathy, and grace. The role of courage, authenticity, and transparency in higher education practice is also reviewed.
Surviving the Mourning
Authors: Harris Vincent T.
Published: April 2022

Supporting our Black men and men of color attending American historically non-Black colleges and universities requires a good ole down south recipe filled with a variety of approaches, and empathy is only one of the necessary ingredients. This epistolary personal narrative autoethnography is self-focused, yet also tethered to the lived narratives of real Black men and men of color undergraduates and graduate students. Readers can use these weaved reflections to inform, challenge, and empower them to do the real homework of shaping best into better the homework that starts within.
Empathy-MInded Practice in Higher Education
Authors: Pruitt Emily , Pinchbeck Kristen
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the needs and background of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer+ (LGBTQ+) community within higher education including a sense of belonging, struggles with mental health, and lack of opportunities experienced among the LGBTQ+ community due to persistent bias, prejudice, and discrimination. With the focus on what educators can do to better support the LGBTQ+ community, the authors provide suggestions that connect empathy, as an intra-and inter-personal skill, to effective daily practice. Three ways of putting empathy into practice are presented: (1) creating a safe environment, (2) confronting biases and addressing the margins of education where so many students remain, and (3) outward demonstrations of care.
Leaning In With Empathy
Authors: Figueroa Maruth , Lemus Daisy R.
Published: April 2022

In the face of COVID-19, higher education in the United States was challenged to deliver virtual lectures and services in ways never imagined. The need to pay close attention to the psychological well-being of students became even more evident both in and out of the classroom. During the past two years, students experienced tremendous uncertainty and loss. Moreover, studies continue to show students who are first-generation, historically underrepresented, and from low-income backgrounds were most adversely affected. To expect students to return to campuses in the same way they entered in prior years would be unrealistic. This means educational leaders must lean into ways of creating spaces for students to feel seen, heard, and validated. Utilizing principles of servant-leadership and emotional intelligence, educational leaders can redefine their purpose to empathically serve their campus communities considering the effects of COVID-19 and the racial and social injustices the pandemic revealed.
Optimization of Dry-Sliding Wear Parameters on Lanthanum Hexa Aluminate Reinforced Magnesium AZ91E Composites Using Grey Relation Analysis
Authors: Ynv Sai Ram , Tara Sasanka C. , Prabakaran J.
Published: April 2022

This work confers to the preparation of Magnesium metal matrix composites reinforced with Lanthanum Hexa-aluminate nanoparticles by a stir casting technique and the tribological characteristics of the composites in dry condition were investigated. A Comparison is also made with AZ91E magnesium alloy and the prepared composites for the assessment of wear behavior. A design of experiments based on the Taguchi technique is used to collect data in a controlled manner. A L25 orthogonal array is used to investigate the effect of wear parameters such as Percentage of Reinforcement, Sliding Speed, Applied Load, and Sliding Distance on dry sliding wear of composites. The aim of the model was to investigate dry sliding wear with "smaller is better" characteristics. The results showed that sliding distance has the largest effect on wear, while the load is the most important factor in friction response. In GRA analysis, the combined effect of wear and frictional force is considered and the optimum combination is identified (S5 L1 D1 R4). The percent of the contribution of load, L (60.97 %) was known to be the most important factor influencing performance to wear. The % reinforcement, R (31.17%) was found to be the 2nd most influencing factor, followed by sliding distance, D (4.81%), and sliding velocity S (0.25%). The worn surfaces of fabricated composites in the best and worst conditions were examined using scanning electron microscopy for understanding the wear mechanism.
Preparation and Testing of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites Embedded with Lithium-Ion Polymer Batteries
Authors: Shang Yu Xiang , Lei Zhen Kun , Mao Rui
Published: April 2022

Vehicle lightweight promises to drive down the maintenance quality and increase energy efficiency in transportation with the safe and strength performance. The use of fiber reinforced polymer composite materials structural battery vehicles is recognized as an essential enabling technology for achieving high bearing capacity and energy storage capacity. At the same time it improves the energy storage capacity, the overall structural energy storage and space utilization of new energy vehicles. In this study we bring an idea to fabricate composites with integrated lithium-ion pouch batteries. The whole preparation process was carried out at room temperature to prevent thermal damage on battery. Experimental results indicate that the cyclic working voltage and capacity of CFRP structure battery are basically consistent with the monomer lithium-ion polymer battery which obtained from Xinwei battery testing equipment. Therefore, the fabrication process does not damage the lithium-ion polymer battery.
Fabrication and Performance Test of Flexible Supercapacitors Based on Three-Dimensional Graphene Hydrogel
Authors: Ren Zhi Meng , Di Jian Yu , Lei Zhen Kun , Mao Rui
Published: April 2022

Flexible supercapacitors have attracted more and more attention and research because they can be used as energy storage devices for future flexible electronic devices. In the existing research, graphene has been used to make supercapacitor electrodes, but usually these electrodes have very low specific capacitance or flexibility. Here, a three-dimensional graphene hydrogel for the fabrication of flexible supercapacitors was presented, and the preparation of flexible supercapacitors based on three-dimensional graphene hydrogels was given. Through the research, we find that the prepared flexible supercapacitor has excellent capacitance characteristics, such as high specific capacitance of 168F/g and excellent mechanical flexibility. This study shows that the three-dimensional graphene macro structure has great potential in the preparation of high-performance flexible energy storage devices.
Synthesis of Padina tetrastromatica Seaweed Mediated Silver Nanoparticles and its Toxicological Evaluation against Brine Shrimp Artemia
Authors: Low Shin Yi , Lean Jo Sze , Yu Ke Xin , Wong Ching Lee , Ng Jeck Fei
Published: April 2022

The present study evaluates the toxicity of AgNPs synthesised from Padina tetrastromatica (P-AgNPs) through Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay. The aqueous Padina seaweed extract was treated with AgNO3 to synthesise P-AgNPs, and these NPs were then characterised by multiple analytical techniques. The UV-Vis spectra displayed characteristic SPR peaks of AgNPs at about 409.5 nm. The TEM and particle size distribution results verified the formation of polydisperse spherical P-AgNPs with a dominant size of around 48 nm. Zeta potential analysis indicates the moderate stability of P-AgNPs. The FTIR spectrum of P-AgNPs reveals the presence of organic functional groups, suggesting the involvements of seaweed organic matters in capping and stabilising AgNPs. Though the 24-h mortality test showed a dose-dependent increase in Artemia death, the results imply a non-toxic property in P-AgNPs (LC50 value: 4300 mg/L; >1000 mg/L). These findings conclusively suggest the acute exposure to P-AgNPs has no substantial risk to marine organisms.
TiO2/ Graphene Nanotube Arrays with Enhanced Photoelectric Properties
Authors: Zhang Feng Ling , Xue Xiang Xin
Published: April 2022

Highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays were prepared by two-step anodic oxidation, and the graphene was assembled on them via the solvothermal method. The photoelectric performance was investigated, the results indicated the TiO2/rGO nanocomposites with higher photocurrent response compared with pure TiO2, and the cyclic voltammetry of the TiO2/rGO at different scan rates of 10 to 200 mV/S showed a good electrochemical capacitance. The crystal structure, morphology, and chemical composition of the samples were also characterized by XRD, SEM, and XPS.
Raman Spectroscopy Investigation on the Stability of C-Isotope Labeled Twisted and AB-Stacked Bilayer Graphene
Authors: Shen Chang Qing , Stehle Richard C. , Li Xue Song
Published: April 2022

Bilayer graphene has been widely studied in recent years due to its intriguing physical properties and potential engineering applications. Here, we report on the stability measurements of isotope-labeled bilayer graphene with different stacking sequences. The results showed evidence of different defect intensity after the Ar plasma treatment. We found that the AB stacked bilayer graphene shows better stability when compared to twisted bilayer and monolayer graphene. However, for the protection of the under layer graphene, the twisted bilayer graphene showed better results. Our work demonstrates that the stability of bilayer graphene strongly depends on the layer stacking sequence.
The Application of Aggregation-Induced Emission in Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Jin Chu Xuan , Jin Rui Xin
Published: April 2022

Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) has gone through a rapid development since it’s discovery back in 2001. It is a famous research topic as it shows many advantages compared with traditional fluorescent material struggling with the issue of Aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), since it only emits fluorescence when gathered. AIE material can provide better sensitivity, better photobleaching resistance and SNR compared with traditional material. AIE material can be applied in the fields of biosensing and bioimaging to replace traditional material with a better performance. This article describes the concept and structure of AIE material, shows types of the material with examples, also introduces the application of AIE material in photodynamic therapy, this article talks about the concept, usage, advantages and drawbacks of applying material with AIE characteristics in photodynamic therapy.
Influence of Heating Stage Parameters on the Joint Strength of Rotary Friction Welded AISI 1045 and AISI 304 Steels: A Polynomial Model
Authors: Firmanto Hudiyo , Candra Susila , Hadiyat Mochammad Arbi , Haryono Yon
Published: April 2022

Rotary friction welding (RFW) result is much affected by heating and joining stage parameters. Heating stage is the period where friction takes place to generate heat at the interface. Parameters that alter the heating are friction pressure, friction time and rotation speed. In this work, experiment of RFW AISI 1045 and AISI 304 under different friction pressure and friction time was carried out. The objective was to investigate the relation between those parameters with the welding strength. The experiments were performed using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) strategy. A polynomial model of relation between joint strength with friction pressure and friction time was developed. Welding efficiency of 81.7% from the AISI 304 base metal was attained. Optimum setting friction pressure of under constant friction time was 40 bar, whereas the optimum setting friction time under constant friction pressure was 5 seconds.
Numerical Study of Single Molecular Charge Sensing by FET-Integrated Nanopore Biosensor
Authors: Zhu Xin , Li Xiao Jie , Liu Yang , Guo Xi Shan , Zheng Yin Fei
Published: April 2022

This report studies the charge-based sensing modality of FET-embedded nanopore biosensors through FEM simulation. PNP equation is solved to analyze the mirror charge introduced by charged biomolecule while threading through the nanopore-FET sensor. Negative and positive charged molecules are analyzed respectively. Obvious local potential change induced by the presenting of charged molecules nearby is observed. In addition, the transport-induced descreening effect is observed under intensive bias, which might explain the capability of charge sensing even under high concentrations such as 1 M for FET-nanopore biosensors.
Nanosilica from Rice Husk Synthesized by a Simple Heating Method and its Characterization
Authors: Wibowo Singgih , Roziafanto Achmad Nandang , Farizi Ichsan , Tirta Ardina Purnama , Rahman Arif , Subagio Agus
Published: April 2022

Nanosilica from rice husk ash (RHA) has been synthesized by a simple heating method. The obtained nanosilica was characterized by several techniques such as x-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourirer transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and simultaneous thermal analysis (STA). The products had white color indicating that there were no impurities such as carbon or other elements. The XRD showed that the obtained nanosilica exhibited the pattern of amorphous silica material. FTIR spectra confirmed Si-O-Si and Si-O bonds in the obtained nanosilica. SEM images displayed the agglomeration of nanosilica particles with the average diameter of about 12 nm. STA showed that acid treatment was needed to remove carbon or mettalic ellements from nanosilica during the heating process. These results were important in supporting the utilization of rice husk to convert into other more valuable products with a simple method.
Preparation of a UV Curable Coating Modified by Several Inorganic Particles
Authors: Da Ya Ling , Liu Jian Xing , Xue Xiang Xin
Published: April 2022

A UV curable coating modified by several inorganic particles was prepared and characterized. Several kinds of inorganic particles including glass powder, mica, alumina, talcum powder and polyimide were introduced to epoxy acrylate (EA) as fillers and mixed with reactive diluent, photoinitiators, and other additives to obtain an organic-inorganic ultraviolet (UV) curable coating. Different kinds of inorganic powders were mixed in proportion to the formula and ground in a ball mill for 16 h to obtain smaller particles. The particle size and morphology of inorganic powders were characterized by laser particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the particle size of inorganic powders was reduced effectively after ball-milled. The morphology of the synthesized UV curable organic-inorganic composite coating was observed, and the mechanical and thermal properties of the coating were tested. Pure organic EA coating without the addition of inorganic particles was also characterized as controls. The distribution of inorganic particles in the coating was homogeneous and the surface of the cured coating was smooth. The results of mechanical properties tests showed that the addition of inorganic particles improved the hardness of the coating, but the effect on adhesion and flexibility was not significant. And the TGA curves showed that the thermal stability of the coating modified by inorganic particles was significantly improved compared with the pure organic coating.
Research Progress on Adsorption of Water Pollutants by Nano Materials
Authors: Hu Chen Xue
Published: April 2022

With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials, as a key emerging material, are more and more widely used. The basic structure of nanomaterials determines that they have strong adsorption capacity. Therefore, nanomaterials have a wide application prospect as adsorbents to remove pollutants in water environment. This paper summarizes the relevant research data at home and abroad in recent years, briefly introduces the functions of different kinds of nanomaterials, summarizes the application of nanoadsorption technology in sewage treatment, and explores the adsorption mechanism of various nanomaterials on various pollutants in water, At the same time, the research progress of several common nanoadsorption materials in removing water pollutants is summarized, and the risks existing in the application of nanomaterials are pointed out. On this basis, the development direction of nanowater treatment technology is prospected.
Considerazioni psichiatrico-forensi in tema di psicoterapie. Commento alla luce della legge 18-2-89 N. 56
Authors: Scapati Francesco
Published: April 2022

L'autore esprime alcune considerazioni psichiatrico-forensi in tema di psicoterapie alla luce della Legge 56/1989. Si sofferma in particolare sui temi inerenti la responsabilità professionale dello psicoterapeuta e sul complesso problema della preparazione necessaria allo svolgimento dell'attività psicoterapeutica da parte di medici e psicologi.
"Spiegazioni filosofiche" di Robert Nozick: Implicazioni bioetiche
Authors: Palazzani Laura
Published: April 2022

Il presente lavoro si propone di esaminare il pensiero di Robert Nozick (uno degli esponenti della corrente statunitense contemporanea denominata "etica pubblica"), riferendosi all'opera Spiegazioni filosofiche (1981), nella quale l'autore delinea le premesse filosofiche che supportano il suo intervento in ambito giuridico e sociale. La teoria metafisica dell'"autosussunzione riflessiva", la teoria epistemologica del "rintraccio" e la teoria etica della "spinta" e della "attrazione" convergono nell'affermazione soggettivista che sta alla base del relativismo pluralistico morale e del libertarismo politico. L'articolo mira ad evidenziare le implicazioni, implicite ed esplicite, di tali teorie nel dibattito bioetico al fine di riproporre il riferimento al personalismo realista quale autentico fondamento per una proposta in ambito pubblico che tuteli la persona nella sua globalità.
La comunità terapeutica per tossicodipendenti: Origine, sviluppo, modelli di intervento
Authors: Calamo Specchia Francesco , Scapigliati Andrea , Terzani Alessandro
Published: April 2022

In questa nota gli Autori passano in rassegna i diversi modelli di intervento terapeutico che si sono affermati nelle comunità per tossicodipendenti in Italia e all'estero, sulla scorta delle prime esperienze internazionali di assistenza non coercitiva. Vengono evidenziate, nelle diverse comunità, importanti differenze operative, modelli di riferimento diversi, differenti obiettivi terapeutici e molteplici interpretazioni delle problematiche legate alla droga.
Board of Certification Examination Achievement Gaps as a Barrier to Diversifying the Athletic Training Profession
Authors: Harris Nicolette A. , Eberman Lindsey E.
Published: April 2022

Context

Achievement gaps have been well documented in the medical and health professions. Previous researchers have indicated that individuals from underrepresented minority groups consistently fall short of White candidates in performance on standardized credentialing examinations.

Objective

To determine the relative risk of failure by ethnicity and first-time and retake pass rates on the Board of Certification (BOC) examination.

Design

Descriptive study.

Setting

Professional master's degree athletic training programs.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 3742 unique candidates with 4425 attempts between examination windows 1 of 2011–2012 (April) and 5 of the 2019–2020 (February) cycle of the BOC examination.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Ethnicity as self-selected by the candidates, attempt number, result of each attempt, year, and testing window.

Results

Examination candidates self-identified as White (60.4%, n = 2261/3742), unknown (ie, withheld an ethnicity selection; 10.6%, n = 395/3742), Hispanic (8.6%, n = 320/3742), or African American (8.4%, n = 313/3742). On the first attempt, White candidates passed at a rate of 93.2% (2107/2261), African American candidates at 74.8% (234/313), and Hispanic candidates at 86.9% (278/320; overall first-time pass rate for this subsample = 90.5%, 2619/2894). The relative risk of first-attempt failure was higher for African Americans than for both White (relative risk = 3.706, 95% CI = 2.903, 4.730; P < .001) and Hispanic (relative risk = 1.923, 95% CI = 1.368, 2.703; P > .001) candidates. For Hispanic candidates, the relative risk of first-attempt failure was about 50% lower than for White candidates (relative risk = 0.519, 95% CI = 0.377, 0.715; P < .001).

Conclusions

Achievement gaps existed between White candidates and those from ethnic minority groups in athletic training. Diversification of the athletic training workforce will require ensuring equity in preparation for and success on the BOC examination.
Neuroendocrine Tumors of Gastrointestinal Tract With Special Reference to Immunohistochemistry Markers at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Abdullah Hilal , Wani Zahid , Nabi Zarkah , Shah Parveen , Bhat Shuaeb
Published: April 2022

Background:

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are epithelial neoplasms that originate from the endocrine cells, contain cytoplasmic granules, and secrete a variety of biogenic amines, which are responsible for a variety of signs and symptoms produced by these tumors. Endocrine cells are interspersed within the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and are also present in a variety of other viscera such as pancreas, adrenal gland, lung, and thyroid. The present study included forty cases of NETs of the GIT (excluding pancreas) reported in the Department of Pathology at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Kashmir. The objectives of this study were to study the histopathological spectrum of NETs of the GIT and to evaluate the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of chromogranin, synaptophysin (SYP), neuron-specific enolase, and Ki-67 (MIB) in these tumors.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted at the SKIMS, Srinagar, Kashmir, in the Department of Pathology. It was a prospective study for a period of 1½ years starting from July 2015 to December 2016 and retrospective study for 3½ years from January 2012 to June 2015. The study included all cases of NETs of GIT with or without nodal metastasis.

Results:

Most of the tumors were well-differentiated NETs (45% G1 and 25% G2). Stomach was the most common site (27.5%) followed by duodenum (25%). Regional lymph node involvement was present in 25% of the cases. Liver was the most common site for distant metastasis. There was a slight female predominance (57.3%). On IHC, SYP, chromogranin-A, and neuron-specific enolase were positive in 100%, 77.5%, and 85% of cases, respectively. Ki-67/MIB-1 index was used to grade the neuroendocrine neoplasms and 45% were graded as G1 NETs, 25% as G2 NETs, and 30% as NEC.

Conclusion:

Lately, there has been a surge in the number of cases being diagnosed as NETs most probably due to advancement in various diagnostic modalities and increasing knowledge about these tumors which have helped in diagnosing more of these tumors early and correctly.
Varied Profile in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Shah Chetsi , Bhende Punam , Ghosh Labani M. , Mannari Jyoti G.
Published: April 2022

Objective:

The objective was to study the clinical profiles of patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG).

Setting and Design:

It was a cross-sectional retrospective study of 207 patients who have undergone CAG at B and M Cardiac Centre, Shree Krishna Hospital, from study period of September 2018 to April 2019.

Materials and Methods:

The patients included were those undergoing CAG of more than 20 years of age. Those who underwent coronary artery bypass graft in the past or re-do CAG and those under 20 years of age were excluded. Data were entered and analyzed with Epi Info version 7.

Statistical Analysis:

Association between categorical variables was tested with Chi-square test.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Observations and Results:

Males were higher in the age group of 50–59 years while females predominated in the higher age groups. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (43.48%) followed by diabetes. Males presented predominantly with anterior and inferior wall myocardial infarction (MI) whereas non-ST-elevation MI, unstable angina, chronic cardiac failure, and atypical presentation were higher in females. Twenty-two percent had normal electrocardiogram whereas a CAG was normal in 22.7% of the patients. Left anterior descending (LAD) involvement was predominant in both males (78.81%) and females (78.57%). Single-vessel disease (SVD) was significantly higher in females (45%). Chest pain (87.4%) and dyspnea (23.2%) were the most common complaints. Smoking was the most significantly associated addiction (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The most common presentation is unstable angina followed by anterior wall MI (AWMI). SVDs are common in females, but when presented with AWMI, triple-vessel disease was found to be most commonly associated with AWMI in females than males. As age progresses, the number of vessels involved increases. Echo is best correlated with anterior and inferior wall MI. LAD is the most common culprit vessel in both males and females. Multiple vessel involvement was common in diabetics. SVD was most common in hypertensives.
Assessment of Knowledge and Practice Trends about COVID-19 Disease and Vaccination among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Attending an Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Swain Jayshree , Manglunia Ankit , Mangaraj Swayamsidha , Singh Jaspreet , Sravya S. L. , Jadhao Pooja
Published: April 2022

Background:

COVID-19 pandemic has been the most challenging health-care crisis of modern times which has severely impacted the health-care and economic infrastructure of all affected nations. Diabetic people are at an increased risk of morbidity as well as mortality from COVID-19 infection. Efforts to stop the spread of any pandemic depend upon the people's knowledge regarding the preventive measures as well as their attitudes and healthy practices. The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and healthy practices of the diabetic population in our part of the country toward COVID-19 pandemic as well as toward ongoing vaccination drive in our country.

Materials and Methods:

This is an observational study, face-to-face interview with the type 2 diabetes patients attending our endocrine outpatient department regarding the knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire. The knowledge questionnaire took into account the current knowledge regarding COVID-19 and its relationship with diabetes mellitus as well as healthy practices to be followed during pandemic.

Results:

Among our study population, around 78% of the participants had an average knowledge while 10% still had below-par knowledge. There was significant discordance between knowledge and healthy practices among the studied subjects. Even when patients had knowledge about the precautions to be taken, they were not following it strictly. In our study, nearly 54% of the subjects expressed confidence over the efficacy of the vaccine. Similarly, 53% of the subjects knew that they are supposed to follow social distancing norms and wear masks even after vaccination to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

Conclusion:

The knowledge of our diabetic population related to COVID-19 pandemic is still average. Even with average knowledge, there is a wide gap between knowledge and health practices. The attitude of the diabetic population toward vaccination is still below par which could have implications regarding vaccine acceptability.
Red, Necrotic Papule and Lymphadenopathy in an Immunocompromised Patient
Authors: Clarke Emily L. , Willenbrink Tyler J. , Keeling Brett
Published: April 2022

Immunocompromised patients, including those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), are susceptible to a variety of opportunistic infections, cutaneous malignancies, and other skin lesions, which can present with nonspecific cutaneous findings. Herein, we present the case of a 28-year-old male with AIDS who presented with fatigue, left axillary lymphadenopathy, and a necrotic, red papule on the left upper arm. This case reviews the differential diagnosis of this presentation in an immunosuppressed patient including the key pathological findings.
Observational Study on Saveng Protocol of Glucose Control in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Saseedharan Sanjith , Udhoji Prasad , Kadam Vaijyanti , Chiluka Annapurna , Mathew Elizabeth J. , Talwalkar Pradeep G. , Argikar Arvind , Boraskar Anil , Phatak Ragunath , Kulkarni Nikhil , Baghel Paritosh , Patil Adwait , Gadgil Yatin , Patil Kiran , Jain Shailesh Kumar
Published: April 2022

Background:

Hyperglycemia (>180 mg/dL or >10.0 mmol/L) has serious health implications in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The aim of the present study was to explore the effectiveness of SavenG (Sanjith's Very Easy Nurse managed glucose control) protocol in the maintenance of glucose concentration in ICU patients.

Materials and Methods:

In this observational study, a total of 108 patients admitted to the ICU unit of SL Raheja hospital, a tertiary care institute in Mumbai, were enrolled. The patients received insulin therapy as proposed in SavenG protocol. The glucose in serum was measured using a glucometer and was categorized into three levels: <150 mg/dL, 150–200 mg/dL, and >200 mg/dL. The collected data were statistically analyzed by using SPSS version 24.0.

Results:

Patients were primarily male (69%), with an average age of 63.96 ± 13.14 years, reporting at least two complications (1.49 ± 1.03), and with a greater risk of hypertension (60%). Higher doses of insulin (~59.9 units) were administered on the first two days of protocol. By day 5, the requirement of insulin dose was gradually decreased to 36.8 units. The insulin was administered for totally seven days. The insulin dosing that was administered was sufficient to maintain the glucose level of 150–200 mg/dL for 12 h (F = 79.35, P < 0.01) and this sugar level showed a comparatively lower level of variation within a day (F = 13.123, P < 0.01). Further, the sugar level was not influenced by demographic characteristics such as age, gender and concomitant complications such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease, coronary artery bypass grafting, and kidney disease.

Conclusion:

The proposed SavenG protocol validates the effectiveness of insulin doses to regulate and maintain the glucose level at 150–200 mg/dL for 12 h within a day in ICU patients.
Management of Hyperglycemia in Critical Care
Authors: Chawla Rajeev , Gangopadhyay Kalyan Kumar , Lathia Tejal Bipin , Punyani Hitesh , Kanungo Alok , Sahoo Abhay Kumar , Seshadri Krishna G.
Published: April 2022

Hyperglycemia is a common complication in critically ill patients. It is associated with an increased length of hospital stay, infection, and mortality rate. Hence, management of hyperglycemia in critical care settings is important. A literature search from inception till July 2019 using relevant keywords (hyperglycemia and critical illness) was performed with Medline (PubMed), and all the pertinent articles were selected to extract the literature describing the management of hyperglycemia in critically ill patients. Extensive evidence is available, which conclusively demonstrates that hyperglycemia is a marker of severity of illness in critically ill patients. Studies support the use of intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients both with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). Glycemic variability and hypoglycemia contribute to the worsening condition. Hence, it is important to use the tools that monitor glycemic variability and hypoglycemia in critical care setting. In addition, consideration should be given for an insulin therapy, which lowers the glycemic variability and avoids hypoglycemia. While using insulins, nutrition plays an important role. Evidence supports the use of enteral nutrition over parenteral nutrition due to the low risk of infections and mortality. A transition from intravenous to subcutaneous (SC) insulin is required in certain patients for whom SC basal–bolus insulin therapy is preferred over a sliding-scale insulin regimen. Appropriate glycemic target and determining glycemic threshold for initiating insulin therapy are essential for the management of hyperglycemia in critically ill patients. Moreover, continuous blood glucose monitoring and appropriate medical nutrition therapy improve the patient outcomes.
Evaluation of Serum 1,5-Anhydroglucitol Levels as Hyperglycemic Indicator in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Vanagamudi Ashok , Padmini Jeyarajan
Published: April 2022

Background and Objectives:

1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is an emerging marker in the acute assessment of glycemia. 1,5-AG has been shown to be associated with glycemic excursions and also been found to have association with microvascular complications of diabetes and atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate serum 1,5-AG concentration in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients and find the correlation between serum 1,5-AG concentration and blood glucose concentration.

Materials and Methods:

The study group consisted of 60 type 2 diabetes patients aged 35–55 years and 60 age- and sex-matched controls. 1,5-AG plasma level, HbA1c, fructosamine, and blood glucose were measured in all subjects. Data analysis was done using SPSS software.

Results and Discussion:

1,5-AG levels were significantly lower in patients with diabetes mellitus when compared with the control group. 1,5-AG serum level negatively correlated with postprandial blood glucose. The linear regression analysis revealed that 1,5-AG had a linear association with postprandial blood glucose.

Conclusion:

Serum 1,5-AG levels significantly decreased with an increase in plasma glucose concentrations in patients with diabetes mellitus. Thus monitoring of serum 1,5-AG level may be useful for evaluating glycemic control in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus.
Equivalence trials
Authors: Ranganathan Priya , Pramesh C. S. , Aggarwal Rakesh
Published: April 2022

In an equivalence trial, researchers aim to show that a new intervention is more or less similar to an existing standard of care, i.e., the two are “equivalent”. In this article, we discuss some aspects of the design, analysis, interpretation and reporting of equivalence trials.
Brain tuberculoma in a Colombian indigenous child
Authors: Jurado Leonardo F. , Hernández-Gómez Victor , Arias Jaime
Published: April 2022

Despite global efforts to eradicate tuberculosis (TB), 10 million new cases are reported each year. Indigenous communities are at greater risk of developing TB. We report a 7-year-old indigenous boy who presented with neurological symptoms. An intracranial neoplasm was suspected based on imaging findings and he underwent neurosurgical resection. The final diagnosis was intracranial tuberculoma. Anti-TB therapy was administered and the patient recovered completely.
Development of Mathematical and Computer Models of Fiber-optic Sensors, Based on Periodic Bragg Structures
Authors: Kalizhanova Aliya , Kunelbayev Murat , Kozbakova Ainur , Aitkulov Zhalau , Orazbekov Zhassulan
Published: April 2022

In the article there have been considered the issues of mathematical and computer modeling of fiber Bragg granting’s, using the method of transfer matrix. Method of transfer matrix allows specify the spectral characteristics of optical components, based on theory of bound modes and matrix description of electromagnetic wave, passing through optic fiber. There have been analyzed fiber Bragg granting’s with different lengths in accordance with spectral characteristics, such as, transmittance and reflection spectra. As well, there was carried out the experiment with influence of various parameters at fiber Bragg granting’s spectral characteristics. Fiber Bragg granting’s spectral characteristics were studied and optimal grating parameters were selected for developing the fiber-optic sensors, based on fiber Bragg granting’s. Developed and studied a computer model of flow-diagram of communication modes theory and Transfer Matrix Method. From the studied model it might be noticed, that in MATLAB software, selected for modeling, were formed for implementation into the MATLAB code. As well, in MATLAB software there were used fiber Bragg granting’s principal features and selected for studying influence of external factors, such as deformation, strain and temperature at FBG sensor’s reflection spectrum.