bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geochemical Characteristics of Surface Sediments in the Xunmei Hydrothermal Field (26°S), Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Implications for Hydrothermal Activity
Authors: Yang Peng , Li Chuanshun , Dang Yuan , Fan Lei , Yang Baoju , Guan Yili , Zhao Qiukui , Du Dewen
Published: August 2023

The compositions of metalliferous sediments which is associated with hydrothermal vents can provide reliable geochemical indicators for the exploration of seafloor sulfides. In this study, surface sediments from the Xunmei hydrothermal field (HF) on the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge (SMAR) were selected, and their major and trace elements were analysed. The results showed that the sediments are composed of pelagic material (calcium biogenic components), basaltic debris, iron-manganese oxides, and a mixture of hydrothermal components. Additionally, the sediments were found to be significantly enriched in Cu, Zn, Fe and Co derived from hydrothermal sources, as well as Mn, V, Mo, U and P, which are primarily scavenged from seawater. The Cu and Zn concentrations are highest in the northeastern part of Xunmei, while the northeastern, northern, and southern parts are characterized by great inputs of hydrothermal Fe. Manganese and Mo are mainly enriched in the western and southern parts and show a strong positive correlation, indicating that Mo is mainly scavenged by Mn oxides. There are high positive correlations among U, P, and Fe, indicating their coprecipitation with Fe from hydrothermal plumes. Vanadium and Co are introduced into sediments in two ways, i.e., V is scavenged and coprecipitates from hydrothermal plumes, and Co is derived from sulfide debris. Based on the variations in Cu and Zn contents and in the Cu/Fe (0.159), Zn/Fe (0.158), and Fe/Mn (1440) ratios, it can be inferred that a high-temperature hydrothermal vent existed in northeastern Xunmei. In combination with the distribution patterns of the above elements, the hydrothermal vents in the southern part ceased erupting after a short period of activity. In addition, the high Mn anomaly and the high U/Fe ratios at the boundaries of the investigated area indicate the presence of a relatively oxidized environment in southwestern Xunmei.
A Novel Asynchronous Sliding Mode Design for Switched Systems under Input-Output Finite-Time Stability
Authors: Zhao Haijuan , Ma Juan , Xu Qinqi
Published: August 2023

This work investigates the sliding mode control (SMC) problem for a class of uncertain switched systems subject to asynchronous switching and an assigned finite time constraint. Two important issues are how to ensure the reachability of state trajectories within the assigned time and the input-to-output finite-time stability (IO-FTS) of the closed-loop switched systems during the whole phase under asynchronous switching. To achieve these objectives, an asynchronous sliding mode controller with adjustable parameters is constructed to drive the state trajectories onto the sliding surface during the assigned finite-time interval. By means of the partitioning strategy, sufficient conditions for the IO-FTS of the closed-loop switched are derived during the whole phase [0,T] using the multiple Lyapunov function (MLF) approach. Additionally, the asynchronous characteristics are detailedly investigated while analyzing the reachability of a specified sliding surface. Finally, an illustrative example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Host and HBV Interactions and Their Potential Impact on Clinical Outcome
Authors: Jose-Abrego Alexis , Roman Sonia , Laguna-Meraz Saul , Panduro Arturo
Published: August 2023

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a challenge for global health services, affecting millions and leading hundreds to end-stage liver disease each year. This comprehensive review explores the interactions between HBV and the host, examining their impact on clinical outcomes. HBV infection encompasses a spectrum of severity, ranging from acute hepatitis B to chronic hepatitis B, which can potentially progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI), characterized by low HBV DNA levels in hepatitis B surface antigen-negative individuals, can reactivate and cause acute hepatitis B. The identification of diverse HBV genotypes reveals distinct geographical distributions and associations with clinical outcomes. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the host genome have been linked to several clinical outcomes, including cirrhosis, HCC, OBI, hepatitis B reactivation, and spontaneous clearance. The immune response plays a key role in controlling HBV infection by eliminating infected cells and neutralizing HBV in the bloodstream. Furthermore, HBV can modulate host metabolic pathways involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and bile acid absorption, further influencing disease progression. HBV clinical outcomes correlate with three levels of viral adaptation. In conclusion, the clinical outcomes of HBV infection could result from complex immune and metabolic interactions between the host and HBV. These outcomes can vary among populations and are influenced by HBV genotypes, host genetics, environmental factors, and lifestyle. Understanding the degrees of HBV adaptation is essential for developing region-specific control and prevention measures.
Assessment of Precipitation and Evapotranspiration in an Urban Area Using Remote Sensing Products (CHIRP, CMORPH, and SSEBop): The Case of the Metropolitan Region of Belem, Amazon
Authors: Paca Victor Hugo da Motta , Souza Everaldo Barreiros de , Queiroz Joaquim Carlos Barbosa , Espinoza-Dávalos Gonzalo E.
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to assess precipitation (P) by analyzing data from in situ stations compared with those from solely remote sensing products CHIRP and CMORPH, with a reference station in the city. The evapotranspiration (ET) was analyzed directly using SSEBop. The region chosen for this study was the Metropolitan Area of Belem (MAB), close to the estuary of the Amazon River and the mouth of the Tocantins River. Belem is the rainiest state capital of Brazil, which causes a myriad of problems for the local population. The monthly best fit is shown here. In this study, we analyzed P and ET from local stations and compared them with those from satellite products. The main metrics RMSE, NRMSE, MBE, R2, Slope, and NS were used. For the reference station, the automatic and conventional CHIRP and CMORPH results, in mm/month, were as follows: automatic CHIRP: RMSE = 93,3, NRMSE = 0.32, MBE = −33,54, R2 = 0.7048, Slope = 0.945, NS = 0.5668; CMORPH: RMSE = 195,93, NRMSE = 0.37, MBE = −52,86, R2 = 0.6731, Slope = 0.93, NS = 0.4344; conventional station CHIRP: RMSE = 94.87, NRMSE = 0.32, MBE = −33.54, R2 = 0.7048, Slope = 0.945, NS = 0.5668; CMORPH: RMSE = 105.58, NRMSE = 0.38, MBE = −59.46 R2 = 0.7728, Slope = 1.007, NS = 0.4308. This was compared with the pixel and in situ station data. The ET ranges, on average, between 83 mm/month in the Amazonian summer and 112 mm/month in the Amazonian winter. This work concludes that, although CMORPH has a coarser resolution of 0.25° compared to CHIP’s 0.05° for MAB at a monthly resolution, the remote sensing products were reliable. SSEBop also showed reliable performance. For analyses of the consistency of precipitation time series, these products could provide more accurate information.
Implantable Devices, Nano-, and Micro-Capsules for Future Nanomedicine and Life Sciences Nano-Tools
Authors: Gomez Palacios Luna Rocio , Amé Martin , Martinez Sofia , Tettamanti Cecilia , Amé María Valeria , Quinteros Daniela , Bracamonte Angel Guillermo
Published: August 2023

In this communication the concept of functional materials is understood such as real modified substrates for nanomedicine applications. Functional and modified substrates focused on microcapsules and devices for new nanomedicine diagnosis and treatments. Cases of different materials are shown to support the functionality strategy, as in particular chemicals, pharmacophores, and controlled nano-chemistry for the design of nanoplatforms. Recent studies have reported hybrid inorganic/organic compositions for biocompatible, biodegradable, and support materials added to particular physical properties such as conductive, semiconductive, and high electromagnetic fields from the near field within the nanoscale to far-field applications and new nano-pharmacophores and nanomedicine therapeutics. New approaches are shown from the nano-scale to the micro- and higher sizes of substrates for improved therapeutic strategies. Micro-capsules for biosensing and drug delivery applications were developed. In addition, we report recent and novel research centered on implantable, portable, and wearable devices applied to future treatments.
The Design and Testing of a Text Message for use as an Informational Nudge in a Novel Food Insecurity Intervention
Authors: Royer Michael F. , Wharton Christopher
Published: August 2023

Background: Food insecurity is an ongoing problem in the U.S. with implications for health problems and social disadvantages. Past food insecurity intervention studies have targeted barriers to accessing healthy food. Although, information barriers have not been adequately addressed by food insecurity interventions. Methods: This qualitative study involved testing a text message as an informational nudge through interviews among adults in the southwest U.S. (n = 10). Interview questions focused on the message content, persuasiveness, relevancy, clarity, and details that participants liked and disliked. A qualitative content analysis of interview responses then highlighted any necessary modifications to the text message. Results: Interview responses highlighted that the message conveyed details about how to access food assistance resources. The message was perceived as informative, clear, and friendly. Participants highlighted the need for better spacing in the message layout, more details about the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and why SNAP is relevant. Conclusion: Text message readability and informativeness were common concerns raised during interviews. Participant-informed modifications to the text message were applied in preparation for using the message in a food insecurity intervention. Future food insecurity research efforts should similarly test novel interventions to ensure the intervention is acceptable for the target population.
The Role of Government Support in the Relationship between Corporate Entrepreneurship and Innovation Performance
Authors: Hong Susie , Yang Jong-gon
Published: August 2023

The study of the effect of corporate entrepreneurship(CE) which is a key indicator of success in corporate innovation performance(IP) is a central research topic. However, an empirical study on whether various types of government support(GS) have a moderating effect between these two variables is of new interest. This study empirically analyzed the effects of CE on IP and analyzed the indirect effects of GS on CE and IP based on 4000 Korean manufacturing firms. The results showed that all five factors of CE (innovativeness, risk-taking, proactiveness, autonomy, and competitive aggressiveness) had a positive effect on IP. In addition, the moderating effect of GS on the relationship between CE and IP was validated in seven categories: taxation, subsidies, financial support, human resources, technology, certification, and procurement. The results showed that five types of GS, other than financial support and technical support, strengthened the effect of CE on IP. This study provides a basis for establishing a strategy for strengthening organizational entrepreneurship and for selecting and focusing on various types of GS. It can be concluded that for more effective government support policies, direct government financial support or technical support should be more elaborately implemented.
MIIM Rectenna with a Meta-lens for Enhanced IR Energy Scavenging at 28.3 THz
Authors: Yahyaoui Ali , Elsharabasy Ahmed , Yousaf Jawad , Hakim Bandar , Al-Zahrani Abdulaziz , Rimili Hatem , Aguili Taoufik aguili
Published: August 2023

This work presents the design and analysis of a novel metal-insulator-insulator-metal (MIIM) rectenna with an added meta lens on top of it for efficient and robust infrared (IR) energy harvesting at 28.3 THz. To ensure maximum transfer of the captured IR radiations by an antenna with better impedance matching, the log-spiral antenna terminals are used as rectenna electrodes while two different insulators are placed between its feeding terminals to form the MIIM rectenna. A split ring-based resonating metasurface is designed and placed on the top of the MIIM rectenna to focus the incoming electromagnetic radiations. The characterization of the MIIM rectenna with added meta lens, in terms of absorbed E-field, is performed for the four different work function metals (gold aluminum, silver, and copper) as well as four combinations of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, and copper oxide as insulators. The focusing of illuminating IR radiations by the integrated meta lens to the rectenna structure enhances its field-capturing characteristic by more than 400% as compared to conventional structures. In addition, the proposed design shows improved rectification properties in terms of better impedance matching and rectification efficiency, particularly for the best configuration of Au-Al2O3-Cu2O-Cu rectenna with added metasurface. Future applications of this study include the development of efficient IR energy harvesting systems for remote sensing, wireless communication, and other IoT devices.
Early Diagnostic Markers of Late-Onset Sepsis of the Newborn
Authors: Gatseva Preslava Radoslavova , Blazhev Alexander , Yordanov Zarko , Atanasova Victoria
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the potential of early inflammatory markers to diagnose late-onset neonatal sepsis - procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and endocan (ESM-1), and to compare them with routinely used markers. A prospective (January, 2022 – January, 2023) clinical-epidemiological study was conducted in a third level NICU in Pleven, Bulgaria. Patients with suspected nosocomial infection and healthy controls were tested. A sandwich ELISA method was used to measure the serum concentrations. Sixty newborns with an average gestational age of 29.75 ± 3.61 gestational weeks were included, of which 35 % were symptomatic and infected, 33.3 % were symptomatic but uninfected, and 31.7 % were asymptomatic controls. The mean values of PCT, IL-6, I:T index and PLT differ significantly in the three groups. For ESM-1, IL-8 and CRP, the difference was statistically insignificant. The best sensitivity (78%) and negative predictive value (84%) was found for IL-6. The combination of PCT + IL-6 + I:T+ PLT demonstrated high precision (78%) and best sensitivity (94%) and negative predictive value (95%). The introduction into routine practice of indicators such as PCT and IL-6 may provide an opportunity to promptly optimize the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to LOS.
Comparing the Performance of RF Photonic Transversal Signal Processors Based on Microcombwith Discrete Components and Integrated Chips
Authors: Moss David
Published: August 2023

RF photonic transversal signal processors, which combine reconfigurable electrical digital signal processing and high-bandwidth photonic processing, provide a powerful solution for achieving adaptive high-speed information processing. Recent progress in optical microcomb technology provides compelling multi-wavelength sources with compact footprint, yielding a variety of microcomb-based RF photonic transversal signal processors implemented by either discrete or integrated components. Although operating based on the same principle, processors in these two forms exhibit distinct performance. This letter presents a comparative investigation into their performance. First, we compare the performance of state-of-the-art processors, focusing on the processing accuracy. Next, we analyze various factors that contribute to the performance differences, including tap number and imperfect response of experimental components. Finally, we discuss the potential for future improvement. These results provide a comprehensive comparison of microcomb-based RF photonic transversal signal processors implemented using discrete and integrated components and provide insights for their future development.
An Integrated Support System for People with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Papadogiorgaki Maria , Grammalidis Nikos , Grammatikopoulou Athina , Apostolidis Konstantinos , Bei Ekaterini S. , Grigoriadis Kostas , Zafeiris Stylianos , Livanos George , Mezaris Vasileios , Zervakis Michalis E.
Published: August 2023

People with Intellectual Disability (ID) encounter several problems in their daily living regarding their needs, activities, interrelationships, and communication. On this concept, an interactive platform is proposed, aiming to provide personalized recommendations for information and entertainment, including creative and educational activities, tailored to the special users’ needs of this population. Furthermore, the proposed platform integrates capabilities of automatic recognition of health related emergencies, such as fever, oxygen saturation decline and tachycardia, as well as location tracking and detection of wandering behavior based on smartwatch/smartphone sensors, while providing automated assistance and appropriate alerts and notifications to the caregivers.
Evaluation of DSSI Effects on the Dynamic Response of Bridges to Traffic Loads
Authors: Farrag Sharef , Gucunski Nenad
Published: August 2023

This paper presents results from numerical simulations validated by experimental results related to the effects of DSSI on the dynamic response of bridges. An in-service overpass was shaken using the T-Rex, a large-amplitude mobile shaker from the National Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) facilities. Studies implementing Finite Element Modeling to develop time histories, response spectra, and eigenmodes were conducted in a forward-modeling problem setup. Two models were created to assess the DSSI effects on the dynamic response of the bridge. One model included elements that incorporate DSSI effects, while the other had fixed-base boundary conditions. The response from the DSSI FEM model matched the field results better than the fixed-base model, in terms of the peak response amplitudes and identified natural frequencies and modes. The influence of a series of factors, such as the soil shear wave velocity, bridge height, bridge foundation embedment depth and the corresponding rigidity, slenderness, and embedment ratios, on the bridge response is presented.
Detecting Minor Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease in the Wild Using Bi-LSTM with Attention Mechanism
Authors: Skaramagkas Vasileios , Boura Iro , Spanaki Cleanthi , Michou Emilia , Karamanis Georgios , Kefalopoulou Zinovia , Tsiknakis Manolis
Published: August 2023

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor impairment with various implications on patients’ quality of life. Since currently available therapies are only symptomatic, identifying individuals with prodromal, preclinical or early-stage PD is crucial, as they would be ideal candidates for future disease-modifying therapies. Our analysis aims to develop a robust model for accurate PD detection using accelerometer data collected from PD and non-PD individuals with mild or no tremor during phone conversations. An open-access dataset comprising accelerometer recordings from 22 PD patients and 11 healthy controls (HC) was utilized. The data were pre-processed to extract relevant time, frequency and energy-related features, and a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) model with attention mechanism was employed for classification. The performance of the model was evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation, and metrics of accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and f1-score were computed. The proposed model demonstrated high accuracy (98%), precision (99%), recall (98%), specificity (96%), and f1-score (98%) in accurately distinguishing PD patients from HC. Our findings indicate that the proposed model outperforms existing approaches and holds promise for detection of PD with subtle symptoms, like tremor, in the wild. Such symptoms can present in the early or even prodromal stage of the disease, and appropriate mobile-based applications may be a practical tool in real-life settings to alert individuals at risk to seek medical assistance or give patients feedback in monitoring their symptoms.
Nutritional Security: Carbohydrate Profile and Folk Remedies of Rare Edible Mushrooms to Diversifying Food and Diet: Thailand Case Study
Authors: On-Nom Nattira , Suttisansanee Uthaiwan , Chathiran Wimonphan , Charoenkiatkul Somsri , Thiyajai Parunya , Srichamnong Warangkana
Published: August 2023

The aimed of this study was to explore the current state of knowledge of agrobiodiversity to improve nutrition and health. The study focused on wild mushrooms commonly consumed in North-Eastern of Thailand in term of ecology, cooking and preservation method and folk remedies. The monosaccharide, sugar alcohol, glucans and carbohydrate polymer content and the glycemic index of these wild mushrooms was determined using Enzymatic method. The mushrooms collected were belong to three biological groups and mostly saprotrophic and symbiotic. The most abundant mushrooms are Amanita, Boletus and Russula and followed by Calostoma sp., Astraeus asiaticus C. Phosri and Astraeus odoratus C. Phosri. Wild edible mushrooms can be used include food and medicinal purpose. Cooking methods utilized in the area are steaming, boiling and grilling. The carbohydrate profiles results showed that glucose is the major monosaccharide detected in mushroom samples. Xylitol and inositol was found in all mushroom sample while mannitol and arabitol was detected in some samples. Glucan was presented in all mushroom samples ranged from 8.03-31.1 mg/g DW. All mushrooms are classified as low GI food. Therefore, this finding provide important information that may be adopted to enhance and promote the utilization of wild mushroom to improve nutrition security and sustainability.
Gene-disease association: pathogenic potential/pathogenic feature assessment
Authors: Liao WeiPing , Bian Wen-Jun , Wang Jie , Li Bin , Gao Liang-Di , Zhang Wen-Jun , Liang Xiao-Yu , Liu Liu , Fan Cui-Xia , Yan Li-Min , Liu Li-Hong , Jiang Mi , Liang De-Hai , Wang Juan , Ye Zi-Long , Tang Xue-Qing , Li Huan , Luo Sheng , Shen Nan-Xiang , Su Tao , Liu Xiao-Rong , He Na , Shi Yi-Wu , Yi Yonghong
Published: August 2023

Determining gene-disease association is a major challenge of genetics and also the precondition for evaluating the pathogenicity of variants. With considerations on the genetic dependent features and the clinical/genetic characteristics that are associated with gene-disease association, we proposed a pathogenic potential and pathogenic feature assessment (PPA) system to evaluate the gene-disease association. In addition to case/variant number, PPA evaluates the clinical-genetics evidence from phenotypic specificity, inheritance pattern, genotype-phenotype correlation, and sub-molecular implication of variants, which represent the pathogenic feature of gene. In experimental aspects, PPA refers evidence of the pathogenicity of gene/variant and the genetic dependent features that are directly related to gene-disease association, including gene expression and knockout, and functional consequence of variants. We collected data of all potentially functioning genes (19,711) and assessed those with clinical data available, and 3,623 genes were evaluated as “pathogenic”/“possible pathogenic”. The pathogenic features of these genes were summarized, which provided critical information for evaluating pathogenicity of variants. PPA evaluates whether (pathogenic potential) and how (pathogenic feature) a gene is associated with a disease, and avoided bias potentially caused by variants of special genotype or inheritance. PPA is expected to be referred as a framework in future studies in defining the gene-disease association.
Larger nations benefit more from the stabilizing effects of crop diversity
Authors: Wang Shaopeng , Meng Bo , Yang Qi , Mehrabi Zia
Published: August 2023

Diversifying crops has increasingly been recognized as key means to stabilizing national food production to a variety of shocks including extreme weather events. However, different nations may benefit differentially from this strategy simply because of the scale dependency of both crop diversity and yield stability. Using crop production data from 131 nations over six decades (1961-2020), we explore the spatial scale dependence of the crop diversity–stability relationship, drawing on new ecological theory and a range of complementary analytical approaches. Our results show that as the total national harvested area increases, yield stability and average crop stability within nations both increases. Crop diversity contributes to stabilizing national yield stability, but such stabilizing effects are weaker in smaller countries. Our findings suggest that enhancing crop diversity at the national level may not provide a de facto universal strategy for increasing yield stability across all countries, simply because larger countries can more easily buffer shocks.
Visible lymph node irradiation (VNRT) of the low-risk neck levels inpatients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: An exploratory trial protocol
Authors: Liao Wenjun , Zhao Yue , Zhang Jun , Peng Guang , Deng Yue , Zhang Xudong , Ren Jing , Zhang Shichuan
Published: August 2023

Background
The long-term complications in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) caused by radiotherapy can be decreased by reducing the volume of neck irradiation. We are proposing a new approach of neck prophylactic irradiation based on selective upper-neck irradiation, called VNRT (visible lymph node (LN) irradiation of the low-risk neck levels). Visible LNs are defined as any LN that doesn’t fulfill the diagnostic criteria for positive LNs but is greater than or equal to 3 mm in maximum diameter. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of VNRT in NPC.
Methods
In this exploratory trial, 20 patients will be included with histologically proven T1-3N0-1 NPC. Our proposed VNRT will include two clinical target volumes (CTVs) for the neck: LN levels of prophylactic irradiation (CTVln) and all visible LNs (CTVnd). For N0 patients and N1 patients who only have ipsilateral or bilateral positive retropharyngeal LNs, the CTVln will include bilateral level II, and the CTVnd will include all visible LNs in bilateral levels III and Va. For N1 patients who have positive LNs in neck level II, the CTVln will include bilateral level II and ipsilateral levels III and Va. Additionally, for these patients, the CTVnd will include all visible LNs located in ipsilateral levels IV and Vb and contralateral levels III and Va. For N1 patients who have positive LNs in neck levels II and III, the CTVln will include bilateral level II and ipsilateral levels III, IV, and V. The CTVnd for these patients will include all visible LNs located contralateral III and Va. The main study endpoint is 2-year regional relapse-free survival.
Discussion
This trial will explore visible lymph node irradiation(VNRT) of the low-risk levels in patients with NPC .And this novel treatment will significantly reduce the volume of neck irradiation and dose in organs at risk ,thus reducing radiation related long-term toxicities.And our study might provide a deeper understanding of the lymph node metastasis in NPC.
Trial registration:
This trial was registered in the China clinical trial registration center (Registration number: ChiCTR2300067783).
PRESOLRE: Study protocol for a primary school-based, cluster randomised controlled trial of three sun exposure risk prevention strategies on Reunion Island
Authors: Dugast Charline , Bruneau Léa , Fianu Adrian , Ferdynus Cyril , Boussaid Karim , Vuichard Juliette , Duloutre Floreana , Dumez Jessica , Sultan-Bichat Nathalie , Bertolotti Antoine
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Reunion Island, a French overseas department, is located in the southern hemisphere, close to the Capricorn tropic in the same range of latitudes as Australia. This island has a multi-cultural and multi-ethnicpopulation of 860,000 inhabitants, a quarter of whom are at high risk of developing skin cancer due to intense ultraviolet radiation. Melanoma is responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths. The early prevention of melanoma is based on sun protection in childhood, but Reunion Island complies with the regulations of mainland France, which are not adapted to the environmental conditions of this tropical region.
Objective:
The main objective of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of three sun protection programs conducted in Reunionese primary schools through a pupil knowledge questionnaire.
Trial design:
PRESOLRE is an interventional, open-label, cluster-randomised controlled trial, in 4 parallel arms, that is being conducted throughout 2022-2023 on Reunion Island. The trial design assumes an escalation interventional effect using: first, a control arm without proposed intervention (arm 1); second, an arm whose classes of pupils are encouraged to use the validated educational program ‘Living with the sun’ (arm 2); third, an arm whose classes of pupils are encouraged to use both ‘Living with the sun’ combined with MiSolRé's sun protection awareness program (arm 3); fourth, an arm whose classes of pupils are encouraged to use ‘Living with the sun’ combined with MiSolRé's sun protection awareness program, and who receive a distribution of hats, sunglasses and sun creams (arm 4). In all, 1,780 pupils from eighty classes of 20 pupils, on average, will be included. Randomisation applies to the classes of pupils (so defined as clusters). The analysis of the primary outcome is based on the proportion of correct answers to the knowledge questions after the awareness program, compared between the 4 arms using a linear mixed model with random intercept.
Implications for public health:
The public health perspective of this interventional research protocol is to scale up the best sun protection programs for both the entire Reunion Island territory and the other tropical French overseas departments.
Trial registration number: ID: NCT05367180
Designing renewable and socially accepted energy systems for astronomical telescopes: A move towards energy justice
Authors: Valenzuela-Venegas Guillermo , Lode Maria Luisa , Viole Isabelle , Felice Alex , Alonso Ander Martinez , Camargo Luis Ramirez , Sartori Sabrina , Zeyringer Marianne
Published: August 2023

Remote astronomical telescopes without access to the national electricity grid rely mostly on fossil fuels. Climate change concerns and fuel price vulnerability drive the transition to renewable energy sources. Astronomical facilities are usually designed without considering the surrounding communities’ social and energy needs or using renewable energy sources to power them. This study proposes a socially accepted renewable energy system for a future telescope in the Atacama Desert, combining an energy system model with a participatory multi-criteria analysis. Our findings highlight that various stakeholders prioritize emission reduction, security of supply, and electricity costs. The results reveal that a renewable energy system supplying the telescope could also cover 66% of the nearby San Pedro de Atacama community’s energy needs without additional capacity. Replicating similar energy systems at nearby telescopes could reduce fossil fuel-based energy generation by over 30GWh annually, cutting emissions of the area by 17-23ktCO2eq, while contributing to energy justice.
Comparing the effect profile of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in individuals of East Asian and European ancestries
Authors: Dunca Diana , Chopade Sandesh , Gordillo-Maranon Maria , Hingorani Aroon , Kuchenbaecker Karoline , Finan Chris , Schmidt Amand
Published: August 2023

CETP is a lipid drug target under development for coronary heart disease (CHD) in both European and East Asian populations. Previous drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) studies conducted in East Asians failed to show a CHD effect, which has been interpreted as lack of effectiveness of CETP inhibition for CHD prevention in this population. Nevertheless, CETP inhibitors are currently being evaluated in East Asian participants. Capitalizing on recent increases in sample size of East Asian GWAS, we therefore conducted a drug target MR to estimate and compare ancestry-specific effects of on-target CETP inhibition. Employing cross-ancestry colocalization, we found strong evidence of a shared causal CETP variant affecting HDL-C in both populations, which was not observed for LDL-C. WE conducted drug target MR, scaled to a standard deviation increase in HDL-C, and found that lower CETP was associated with lower LDL-C, Lp[a], systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure in both groups, with more pronounced effects in Europeans individuals (interaction p-values < 1.9×10 − 3). Lower CETP was protective against CHD, angina, intracerebral haemorrhage and heart failure in both ancestries, for example for CHD in East Asians (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.84;0.94) compared to Europeans (OR 0.95, 95%CI 0.92;0.99, interaction p-value = 0.05). In conclusion, on-target inhibition of CETP is anticipated to decrease cardiovascular disease in individuals of both European and East Asian ancestries.
High population frequencies of MICA copy number variations originate from independent recombination events
Authors: Klussmeier Anja , Putke Kathrin , Klasberg Steffen , Kohler Maja , Sauter Jürgen , Schefzyk Daniel , Schöfl Gerhard , Massalski Carolin , Schäfer Gesine , Schmidt Alexander , Roers Axel , Lange Vinzenz
Published: August 2023

MICA is a stress-induced ligand of the NKG2D receptor that stimulates NK and T cell responses and was identified as a key determinant of anti-tumor immunity. The MICA gene is located inside the MHC complex and is in strong linkage disequilibrium with HLA-B. While an HLA-B*48-linked MICA deletion-haplotype was previously described in Asian populations, little is known about other MICA copy number variations. Here, we report the genotyping of more than two million individuals revealing high frequencies of MICA duplications (1%) and MICA deletions (0.4%). Their prevalence differs between ethnic groups and can rise to 2.8% (Croatia) and 9.2% (Mexico), respectively. Targeted sequencing of more than 70 samples indicates that these copy number variations originate from independent nonallelic homologous recombination events between segmental duplications upstream of MICA and MICB. Overall, our data warrant further investigation of disease associations and consideration of MICA copy number data in oncological study protocols.
Non-contact Transfer of Liquid Metal from an Anode to Cathode without Short Circuiting
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , He Yahua , You Jing , Dickey Michael
Published: August 2023

Liquid metals attached to an anode in an electrochemical cell moves toward the cathode due to Marangoni forces since electrochemical oxidation of the metal lowers the interfacial tension of the metal. Yet, when the droplet reaches cathode, it wraps around the cathode but does not touch it despite the strong electrostatic attraction between the positively charged liquid metal and negatively charged cathode. The combination of electrochemical oxidation of the surface of the liquid metal anode and hydrogen production on the cathode prevents contact, thus avoiding a short-circuit between the two electrodes. Consequently, liquid metal continues to flow toward the cathode and surrounds it until finally the liquid metal completely detaches from the anode and transfers to the cathode. Such manipulation depends on the distance between cathode and liquid metal; only the closest droplet will detach and transfer. During this process, the liquid can adopt surprising shapes that resemble tentacles due to the low tension of the metal. We demonstrate and characterize the unique ability to detach and transfer liquid metal in a non-contact manner with a low applied voltage.
Coupling structural, chemical and stress fluctuations with
relaxation dynamics in metallic glasses
Authors: Şopu Daniel , Yuan Xudong , Spieckermann Florian , Eckert Jürgen
Published: August 2023

Understanding the atomistic mechanisms of relaxation dynamics in metallic glasses remains a longstanding challenge. Using microsecond time scale molecular dynamics simulations, three main relaxation stages in metallic glasses are identified. At about 0.6Tg chemical effects play a dominant role in the relaxation, manifested by stress accumulation and only minimal variations in the structure. As Tg approaches, the combined structural and chemical effects play the role in the decoupling the relaxation mechanisms. At this temperature, both structure and stress relax to lower levels. In the supercooled liquid regime, an extensive increase in the number of the closed-packed icosahedral clusters is responsible for the accelerated structural relaxation while their packing frustration leads to the accumulation of intrinsic residual stresses in the glass. New insights into the atomic origin of these dynamic relaxation modes is given and discussed in terms of structural, chemical and stress variations.
Dimethoate degrading efficiency of Bacillus paramycoides isolated from pesticide influenced rhizospheric soil of sugarcane field in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sur Saheli , Sathiavelu Mythili
Published: August 2023

Pesticides are inevitable part of Indian agriculture. Statistically, India is one of the top producer of pesticide over the world. As a developing country, abundance use of pesticide is quite common and organophosphates (OPP) being one of them. Known for causing acute toxicity, OPPs are needed to be used controllably and residues released into the environment should be treated to render harmless. Biological degradation is one of the effective ways to achieve that. However, exploring potential candidate for the purpose is still not sufficient compared to the necessity to alleviate OPP from environment. In this study, dimethoate, a subclass of OPP has been studied for microbial degradation using bacteria Bacillus paramycoides, isolated from rhizospheric soil of sugarcane cultivation fields pre-exposed to pesticide dimethoate for considerable long time. The strain has been extensively studied to check its prospect on environmental stress, pesticide tolerance and degradation efficiency. The isolate was found to degrade dimethoate by 97.6% in 5 days with a tolerance of 1000ppm of targeted pesticide. Emphasis have also been made to detect the secondary metabolites produced by the isolate using GCMS analysis and the functional groups were confirmed by FTIR. Significant biologically important metabolites obtained from B.paramycoides were also reported in this study which are known to have having anticancerous, antibacterial properties. This work presumably is the first communication prospecting B.paramycoides for dimethoate degradation.
Investigation of Rock Mechanics Characteristics and Strength in a Squeezing Tunnel: A Case Study of the Haba Snow Mountain Tunnel
Authors: Zhao Jinpeng , Tan Zhongsheng , Li Zonglin , Zhang Baojin , Wang Fengxi
Published: August 2023

Determining the rock mechanics characteristics and strength is crucial in the effective design of tunnels, particularly in challenging conditions such as squeezing stratum. The focus of this study is on metamorphic basalt, especially its behavior in the Haba Snow Mountain Tunnel Project, which has experienced severe extrusion deformation and collapse of 189m long secondary lining structure. This project is currently the most severely squeezing tunnel in China. Understanding the rock strength in such conditions is of utmost importance. To analyze the rock's properties, thin section identification, XRD diffraction, and scanning electron microscope tests were conducted to determine the mineral composition and microscopic characteristics. Subsequently, the rock's strength was assessed through uniaxial compression, point load, and rebound strength tests. Alongside, the study investigates the mechanical properties of metamorphic basalt and explores the relationship between different rock strength test methods. The findings demonstrate a significant linear correlation between the uniaxial compressive strength, rebound strength, and point load strength of the rocks. The relationship between the point load index and uniaxial compressive strength is represented as y=10.97x, exhibiting a strong correlation coefficient of 0.93. Conversely, the relationship between rebound strength and uniaxial compressive strength is described by y=1.26x-7.39, with a correlation coefficient of 0.76, slightly lower than the point load. Furthermore, as the rock's point load index increases, the confidence region of the relationship between the point load index and uniaxial compressive strength expands. Similarly, the confidence region of the relationship between rebound strength and uniaxial compressive strength initially decreases and then increases with increasing rebound strength. These research findings have significant implications for tunnel design, specifically in understanding the mechanical properties of metamorphic basalt and how different rock strength test methods relate to each other. By considering these relationships, engineers can design tunnels effectively and mitigate potential risks in squeezing stratum conditions.
Anatomy of the superior laryngeal nerve space: Cadaveric evaluation and its clinical implication for regional anesthesia in the airway management
Authors: Yeo In-Seung , Cho Tae-Hyeon , Yang Yunil , Kim Shin Hyung , Yang Hun-Mu
Published: August 2023

This present study was designed to visualize the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) space and investigate the spreading patterns of the agent in the SLN space using three-dimensional (3D) micro-computed tomography (CT), histologic study, and cadaveric evaluation. Thirteen non-embalmed human cadavers were used in this study. Micro-CT images of the larynx and the surrounding structures were obtained, and 3D images were reconstructed. The structure of the SLN space was verified via histological examination and manual dissection. To evaluate anatomical findings, 1 and 3 mL of dye were injected into the SLN space with unilateral or midline approach under ultrasound guidance, and the dye spreading patterns were investigated. Micro-CT and histological findings revealed that the SLN space was delimited between the infrahyoid muscle groups anteriorly and the thyroid membrane attached closely to the pretracheal fascia posteriorly. The ipsilateral internal branch of the SLN was fully stained by injecting 1 mL of dye unilaterally and furthermore, the ipsilateral external branch and recurrent laryngeal nerve were also frequently involved when 3 mL of the dye was used. A single injection of 3 mL dye through the midline approach was sufficient to involve internal branches of the SLN of both sides. The SLN space should be an anatomical target for the internal branch of the SLN block. In addition, this space provides potential pathways for the spread of injectate to the adjacent nerves that innervate the airway.
COP-22 alleviates D-galactose-induced brain aging by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in mice
Authors: Ma Yazhong , Wang Xiaotong , Li Xin , Chen Xi , Teng Zhifeng , Wang Xuekun , Yang Jie , Liu Guoyun
Published: August 2023

Aging is a natural and inevitable process of organisms. With the intensification of population aging, research on aging has become a hot topic of global attention. The most obvious manifestation of human aging is the aging of brain function, which has been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, COP-22, a mono-carbonyl curcumin derivative, was evaluated for its anti-aging ability, especially its ability to resist brain aging in mice induced by D-galactose (D-gal). For brain protection, COP-22 could resist D-gal-induced oxidative stress by increasing the activity of anti-oxidative defense enzymes and enhancing antioxidant capacity in the brain tissue; COP-22 could improve the dysfunction of the cholinergic system through decreasing the increased activity of acetylcholinesterase and increasing the reduced content of acetylcholine induced by D-gal; and COP-22 could protect nerve cells of the brain. Further, the western bolt was used to determine related protein of the brain. We found that COP-22 could effectively protect against brain injury (SIRT1, p53, p21 and p16) by inhibiting oxidative stress (Nrf2 and HO-1), inflammation (IL-6 and TNF-α) and apoptosis (Bax and Caspase-3) in D-gal-induced aging mice. Additionally, COP-22 demonstrated the ability to reduce oxidative stress in serum and liver caused by D-gal, as well as relieve the damages of liver and kidney induced by D-gal. These results indicated that COP-22 had potential anti-aging activity, and could be used in the therapy of aging and aging-associated diseases like Alzheimer disease.
Soil loss modelling in Himalayan region; A case of Tuirial Basin, Mizoram
Authors: Lawmchullova Imanuel , Rao Udaya Bhaskara , rinkimi Lal
Published: August 2023

Soil loss is most common phenomenon everywhere but it is more peculiar in the eastern Himalayan extension region like Mizoram due to its rugged terrain composed of sedimentary rock. As the region falls under moist tropical climate, erosion is assumed to be very high due to existence of steep slopes and loose sedimentary terrain, which needs attention for soil conservation and other management practices to check at least to minimize further erosion. An attempt was made in Tuirial watershed in the northeastern part of Mizoram based on the integration of the factors like R, K, LS and C in GIS environment. The estimated average annual soil loss ranges from 0.0 to 1519.52 thousand t ha− 1y− 1. Soil loss in this watershed was classified into seven zones of erosion intensity. Among all, high to very severe zones occupy large area of about 13027.53 ha. which is 9.35% of the total area. The use of geospatial technologies in the quantification of soil loss through the integration of R, K, LS, C and P factors for better resource planning in order to implement appropriate conservation measures is found to be effective.