bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pencegahan Breast Cancer dan Cervical Cancer dengan Penggunaan Pembalut Sehat
Authors: Nurhaliza Nabila , Azmar Kurnia Dwiva , Nursamsi Nursamsi , Anggraeni Enita
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Breast cancer (carcinoma mammae) is a type of cancer that can affect both women and men, especially women. This breast cancer grows in the glands, fatty tissue, or connective tissue of the breast. One way to prevent breast cancer is to do breast self-examination (BSE). This behavior can be done by all women. Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor in women that attacks the female reproductive organs, namely the vaginal mucosa and the area around the cervix, commonly known as the lower part between the female reproductive organs and the uterus. Cervical cancer is caused by the HPV virus. One way to prevent cervical cancer is to use healthy pads.
Objective: This health education will provide education on prevention of breast cancer with BSE behavior and cervical cancer by using healthy sanitary napkins for female students of SMPN 1 Cikoneng so that they understand and understand how to prevent these two diseases.
Method: Counseling was carried out at one of the schools in Ciamis Regency, namely SMP Negeri 1 Cikoneng which was the main target of this counseling. The partners in this health consultation were 61 female students at SMP Negeri 1 Cikoneng. The method used is a quantitative method, seminars and interviews that begin with conducting a survey to explore the level of knowledge of the students about the prevention of breast cancer and cervical cancer. Then, preparing material to be delivered in powerpoint form and preparing questionnaires to be worked on by the students.
Result: The results of the counseling survey involved 61 participants using interviews in the pre-test and questionnaires in the post-test. The researcher analyzed the completed questionnaires to determine the level of knowledge of students about preventing breast cancer and cervical cancer by using sanitary pads before and after health education activities.
Conclusion: Health education Increase awareness of adolescents to pay more attention to sanitary pads during menstruation to avoid cervical cancer and to always perform BSE behavior every month on the 7th-10th from the first day of menstruation so that they know signs of breast cancer.
Factors associated with cognitive decline and delirium after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: Preliminary evidence
Authors: Ghezzi Erica S. , Psaltis Peter J , Loetscher Tobias , Davis Daniel , Boord Monique S , Greaves Danielle , Montarello Joseph , Lau Jerrett K , Delacroix Sinny , Bourke Alice , McLoughlin James , Keage Megan , Keage Hannah AD
Published: May 2023

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become the standard for treating severe symptomatic aortic stenosis in those with prohibitive surgical risk. Cognitive complications, including delirium and cognitive decline are common following TAVI, yet an understanding of pre-procedural factors associated with these outcomes is lacking. This prospective observational study set out to identify geriatric pre-procedural factors associated with post-procedural delirium and cognitive decline in patients undergoing TAVI.

Methods

Cognitive outcomes of TAVI patients aged ≥60 years (N=32) were measured over one-year post-TAVI. Pre-procedural measures included frailty, gait, visual symptoms, voice pitch, dysphagia, blink rate, mood, and sleep. Primary outcomes were post-procedural delirium and cognitive decline.

Results

Delirium was present in 25% of patients over two days following TAVI and 26% experienced cognitive decline in the year post-TAVI. Daily physical activity was a protective factor against cognitive decline, and worse baseline visual memory was associated with delirium. While non-significant and with very large confidence intervals, moderate to large effect sizes were found for associations between slowed gait speed, pre-existing atrial fibrillation, and dysphagia for delirium, and slower gait speed, higher blink rate, pre-existing atrial fibrillation for cognitive decline.

Conclusion

Though underpowered, measures of considerable effect size were identified (although non-significant and with large variability). In larger studies, these novel geriatric factors could further be explored for predicting cognitive complications following TAVI. Improvement of risk prediction for cognitive decline and delirium following TAVI could assist with early identification of those at risk, informing clinical decision-making and allowing for targeted intervention to reduce post-procedural incidence of these complications.
SenRev: Measurement of Personal Information Disclosure in Online Health Communities
Authors: Shezan Faysal Hossain , Long Minjun , Hasani David , Wang Gang , Tian Yuan
Published: May 2023

With life style shifting during the pandemic, online health communities start to attract more users (including healthcare workers and patients) to discuss health-related questions. While such online platforms provide convenience to users, with health-related information shared broadly over text and images (e.g., X-Ray scans, photocopies of documents), they also raise questions regarding privacy. In this paper, we propose SenRev to systematically measure the leakages of sensitive information in those publicly available discussions. We use SenRev to analyze 1,894,900 multi-modal and multi-lingual data elements from four different online health communities. We find that sensitive data leakages are common; overall 1,324,064 (69.88%) pieces of evidence of data leakages are detected, with 23,587 (1.78%) of them involving identifiers and 1,300,477 (98.22%) involving quasi-identifiers. Surprisingly, leakages through medical images occur more frequently in the community of healthcare professionals compared with the other communities. Finally, based on our results, we discuss the potential directions for countermeasures.
"My face, my rules": Enabling Personalized Protection Against Unacceptable Face Editing
Authors: Xiao Zhujun , Cryan Jenna , Yao Yuanshun , Cheo Yi Hong Gordon , Shu Yuanchao , Saroiu Stefan , Zhao Ben Y. , Zheng Haitao
Published: May 2023

Today, face editing is widely used to refine/alter photos in both professional and recreational settings. Yet it is also used to modify (and repost) existing online photos for cyberbullying. Our work considers an important open question: 'How can we support the collaborative use of face editing on social platforms while protecting against unacceptable edits and reposts by others?' This is challenging because, as our user study shows, users vary widely in their definition of what edits are (un)acceptable. Any global filter policy deployed by social platforms is unlikely to address the needs of all users, but hinders social interactions enabled by photo editing. Instead, we argue that face edit protection policies should be implemented by social platforms based on individual user preferences. When posting an original photo online, a user can choose to specify the types of face edits (dis)allowed on the photo. Social platforms use these per-photo edit policies to moderate future photo uploads, i.e., edited photos containing modifications that violate the original photo's policy are either blocked or shelved for user approval. Realizing this personalized protection, however, faces two immediate challenges: (1) how to accurately recognize specific modifications, if any, contained in a photo; and (2) how to associate an edited photo with its original photo (and thus the edit policy). We show that these challenges can be addressed by combining highly efficient hashing based image search and scalable semantic image comparison, and build a prototype protector (Alethia) covering nine edit types. Evaluations using IRB-approved user studies and data-driven experiments (on 839K face photos) show that Alethia accurately recognizes edited photos that violate user policies and induces a feeling of protection to study participants. This demonstrates the initial feasibility of personalized face edit protection. We also discuss current limitations and future directions to push the concept forward.
Losing Less: A Loss for Differentially Private Deep Learning
Authors: Shahin Shamsabadi Ali , Papernot Nicolas
Published: May 2023

Differentially Private Stochastic Gradient Descent, DP-SGD, is the canonical approach to training deep neural networks with guarantees of Differential Privacy (DP). However, the modifications DP-SGD introduces to vanilla gradient descent negatively impact the accuracy of deep neural networks. In this paper, we are the first to observe that some of this performance can be recovered when training with a loss tailored to DP-SGD; we challenge cross-entropy as the de facto loss for deep learning with DP. Specifically, we introduce a loss combining three terms: the summed squared error, the focal loss, and a regularization penalty. The first term encourages learning with faster convergence. The second term emphasizes hard-to-learn examples in the later stages of training. Both are beneficial because the privacy cost of learning increases with every step of DP-SGD. The third term helps control the sensitivity of learning, decreasing the bias introduced by gradient clipping in DP-SGD. Using our loss function, we achieve new state-of-the-art tradeoffs between privacy and accuracy on MNIST, FashionMNIST, and CIFAR10. Most importantly, we improve the accuracy of DP-SGD on CIFAR10 by 4% for a DP guarantee of 𝜀 = 3.
Differential Privacy for Black-Box Statistical Analyses
Authors: Kohli Nitin , Laskowski Paul
Published: May 2023

We formalize a notion of a privacy wrapper, defined as an algorithm that can take an arbitrary and untrusted script and produce an output with differential privacy guarantees. Our novel privacy wrapper, named TAHOE, incorporates two design ideas: a type of stability under subsetting, and randomization over subset size. We show that TAHOE imposes differential privacy for every possible script. When the data alphabet is finite and small enough, TAHOE can be practically run on a single computer. Performance simulations show that TAHOE has greater accuracy than a benchmark algorithm based on a subsample-and-aggregate approach for certain scenarios and parameter values.
In-vitro Effectiveness of Herbal Mouthwashes on the Force Degradation of Two Orthodontic E-chains
Authors: Reddy V. Sowmya , Priya C. V. Padma , Bhupathi P. Arun , Datla Praveen Kumar Varma , Manda Anoosha , Kandikatla Pradeep , Alla Rama Krishna
Published: May 2023

Background: Plaque build-up around fixed orthodontic appliances might lead to clinical problems. Even though mouthwashes are recommended during orthodontic treatment, the magnitude of force loading and unloading in elastomeric chains is significantly affected by alcohol-containing mouthwashes.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of herbal mouthwashes on the force degradation of two orthodontic E-chains.

Materials and Methods: Chlorhexidine, Hiora-K and Triphala were used in the study. Ninety pieces of closed clear E-chains with five loops each of AO and 3M companies were collected and divided into three groups (n=30) namely Chlorhexidine, Hiora-K and Triphala. Each group was divided into two sub-groups based on the E-chain brands (n=15). On day 1, the original force was recorded by stretching the E-chain up to 25mm using universal testing machine and the load was recorded in kilograms and converted to grams. The E-chains were subjected to their respective mouthwashes daily for one minute. The force was again recorded on the 21st and 30th days. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 16.0 version.

Results: The 3M E-chain showed a significant(p=0.000) difference compared with AO. Hiora and Triphala showed lesser force degradation than Chlorhexidine (p=0.013). Further, there was a significant (p=0.001) reduction in force degradation from baseline to the first month.

Conclusion: Force degradation was more significant from the1st to the 21st day. 3M E-chain showed less force decay than AO E-chain. Hiora-K and Triphala mouthwash groups showed less force decay than the Chlorhexidine.
Nuclear Fractal Dimension in Diagnosing Oral Cancer- A Systematic Review
Authors: Salwaji Supraja , Pasupuleti Mohan Kumar , Manyam Ravikanth , Pasupuleti Swetha , Alapati Naga Supriya , Birajdar Smita Shrishail , Mounika R.
Published: May 2023

Background: Fractal analysis, which derives from fractal geometry, is used to put a number on the degree of shape complexity. Recent research have looked at the use of fractal analysis for tumour characterization.

Objective: The systematic review's goal is to determine whether using the fractal dimension as a diagnostic tool can help detect oral squamous cell cancer in its earliest stages.

Methodology: By adhering to three main criteria, all research articles published between the years of 2008 and 2020 in three major scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were included. The selection criteria for the investigation were based on fractal dimension analysis in diagnosing oral cancer, nuclear fractal dimension analysis in identifying the nuclear structure before and after treatment of oral carcinomas.

Results: Use of nuclear fractal analysis by dental professionals will help in diagnosing oral cancer at an early stage itself which further has its effect on treatment outcome. All the ten included studies have shown that fractal geometry is a useful objective tool in diagnosing oral cancer.  The risk was assessed done by Cochrane risk assessment model based on the several domains used was roughly 53% low risk, 30% ambiguous, and 15% high risk of bias.

Conclusion: All three of the objectives of this systematic study that were used as benchmarks improved as a result of the fractal dimension technique. Early detection of the healthy and sick architecture of the nucleus in cases of oral cancer was made possible by the use of fractal dimension principles. It also helps in assessing and comparing nuclear characteristics of cancer cases before and after treatment.

Significance: Applying the principles of nuclear fractal dimension improves the diagnosis of oral carcinomas at early stages.
Prevalence of delayed tooth eruption of permanent maxillary anterior teeth among Ukrainian children: retrospective radiographic study using CBCT data
Authors: Dakhno Larysa , Malashenko Nataliia , Lykhota Kostiantyn
Published: May 2023

Background. Tooth eruption is a complex, multi-staged, and well-regulated biological and age specific process that can be affected and influenced by many systemic and local factors. The deviation more than ±2SD from the established norm of tooth eruption terms, while also taking account racial, ethnic, and gender factors, is important for the clinician.

Objective. To estimate the prevalence of delayed tooth eruption (DTE) of permanent maxillary anterior teeth among Ukrainian children sample and to investigate the epidemiology distribution of delayed eruption cases according to their causes based on CBCT data.

Materials and Methods. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) data sets of 684 children (304 boys and 380 girls) aged 7–14 years old, who previously have sought for orthodontic diagnostics in Central Laboratory Diagnosis of the Head (CLDH), were collected and examined to detect any delayed eruption of the permanent maxillary anterior teeth. Signs of delayed eruption were identified considering tooth developmental stages, relationships between the chronologic age and dental developmental age, eruption sequence.

Results. The total prevalence of delayed tooth eruption of permanent maxillary anterior teeth among the 684 children was 42.84%. 293 children (155 boys and 138 girls) had at least one impacted or retained tooth. The maxillary canines the most frequently demonstrated signs of delayed eruption and compiled 30.7% of all examined cases and 71.67% of all delayed eruption cases, followed by the lateral incisors of the maxilla – 6.58% and 15.36% respectively, and the central incisors – 5.56% and 12.97% respectively. Loss of space in dental arch and the ectopic eruption pathway were the most causative factor of delayed eruption of permanent maxillary anterior teeth.

Conclusions. Delayed tooth eruption of permanent maxillary anterior teeth is frequently seen in everyday orthodontic practice and requires a multidisciplinary approach of diagnostics to avoid many treatment-related complications. CBCT data is essential for timely diagnostics of DTE and primary for the causative factors identification in order to provide optimal and effective management plan for each patient.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON PHYTOCHEMICALS AND MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF PUTRANJIVA ROXBURGHII WALL
Authors: Naik Akanksha , Pandya Pujan , Mankad Archana
Published: May 2023

Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. is known for its medicinal properties and credited with a significant role in Ayurvedic texts as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-rheumatic herb, that is also useful to treat gynaecological and fertility disorders. Almost all parts of the plant, i.e, root, stem, leaves, fruits, and seeds contain numerous secondary metabolites such as phenolics, glycosides, triterpenes, and flavonoids. The presence of these phytochemicals imparts significant therapeutic activities to the plant such as anti-hyperglycaemic, analgesic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiparasitic properties, and hence, the plant parts and its extracts can be used as a cure for varied diseases, including cancer.
The role of Muslim guardians in caring for people with special needs, A study in Islamic law compared to Yemeni law
Authors:   Professor of Jurisprudence and its Fundamentals College of Education || Al- Dhalea, University of Aden || Yemen|| Tel: 00967770964574, Moqbel Saleh Abdullah , Ahmed Al- Uqbi Taha ,   Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence || College of Education and Arts || Imran University|| Yemen. Email: alogbi08@hotmail.com  || Tel: 77038503300967
Published: May 2023

The Summary of Study: The study aimed to identify the situation of people with special needs and their suffering, and to clarify their rights, and the role of guardians in their care in Islamic law compared to Yemeni law. The nature of the study required that it consist of an introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion, the first topic: Defining the guardians and people with special needs, mentioning their types and the causes of disability.2- The second included: caring for people with special needs and their status. And the third included: the responsibility placed on guardians towards people with special needs. The results of the study showed that the concept of people with special needs is called people who have had a physical or mental disability as a result of acquired genetic or environmental factors. The category and its care and the lifting of injustice from them, as well as the Yemeni law had the most prominent role in caring for this category and granting them all their rights, according of the results, the study presented a set of recommendations and suggestions. key words: The role of guardians in caring for people with special needs A comparative study in Islamic law- Yemeni law. الملخص: هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على أوضاع ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة ومعاناتهم، وبيان حقوقهم، ودور ولاة الأمور في رعايتهم في الشريعة الإسلامية مقارنة بالقانون اليمني. واستخدم الباحثان المنهج الاستقرائي الوصفي، بالرجوع إلى المصادر الإسلامية مع الأدلة من الكتابِ والسُّنَّةِ، ومعرفة وجهة نظر القانون اليمني. وقد اقتضت طبيعة الدراسة بأن تكون من مقدمة وثلاثة مباحث وخاتمة، وذلك على النحو الآتي: المبحث الأول: تعريف الولاة، وذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة مع ذكر أنواعهم، وأسباب الإعاقة، وتضمَّنَ المبحث الثاني رعاية ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة ومكانتهم في الشريعة والقانون، بينما تضمَّنَ الثالث المسؤولية الملقاة على ولاة الأمور تجاه ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة. وبيَّنَتْ نتائج الدراسة أنَّ مفهوم ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة يُطلقُ على الأشخاص الذين أُصِيبُوا بإعاقة جسدية أو ذهنية؛ نتيجة عوامل وراثية أو بيئية مكتسبة، كما بيَّنَتْ الدراسة- أيضًا- عناية القرآن الكريم والسُّنَّة النبوية بذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة، وبيان حقوقهم وتكريمهم، والقيام بأمرهم، كما أوجبت الشريعة الإسلامية على ولاة الأمور الاهتمام بهذه الفئة ورعايتهم، ورفع الظلم عنهم، وكذا القانون اليمني كان له الدور الأبرز في رعاية هذه الفئة، ومنحهم جميع حقوقهم. وفي ضوء النتائج قدمت الدراسة مجموعة من التوصيات والمقترحات. الكلمات المفتاحية: دور ولاة الأمور في رعاية ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة، دراسة في الشريعة الإسلامية مقارنة بالقانون اليمني.
Whistleblowing System Dan Surprise Audit: Strategi Pencegahan Fraud
Authors: Dwi Urip Wardoyo  , Muhammad Arya  , Desiana Woro Pawestri  , Bethari Shakuntala
Published: May 2023

This study aims to examine the strategy of a company in preventing fraud, using a whistleblowing system and a surprise audit. When the Covid-19 pandemic entered Indonesia, many companies experienced a decline in sales so that company revenues decreased. If the company was indicated by fraud, the company's survival would be threatened. Therefore, it is very important for a company to have a fraud prevention strategy which can go through a whistleblowing system and a surprise audit. This study uses a qualitative method. This type of research is included in a literature review study related to fraud prevention strategies, whistleblowing systems and surprise audits
Perlakuan Balita Dengan Manajemen Terpadu Balita Sakit (MTBS) Di Puskesmas Sukadana
Authors: Eko Saputro  , Ersa Tri Fitriasari
Published: May 2023

To provide standard services in Public Health Center takes a commitment from the Head of the Public Health Center and the commitment of the doctors as a motivator for nurses and midwives in addition to being a supervisor and receiving referrals. The continuity of the implementation of IMCI services is to maintain and to improve the quality of IMCI services by remaining consistent in improving the health facilities of the Public Health Center so that people who are far from the Public Helath Center can get the standard IMCI services and continue to innovate in developing utilization by developing human resources that are not only providing services to patients but also being able to realize the vision and mission of Public Health Center. The result of Poly IMCI research has been carried out have several points: 1) the customer comfort factor in receiving services by making several changes to the physical appearance of the room, 2) the completeness factor for supporting physical examination equipment (measuring height and body length, weighing infants and toddlers, measuring upper arm circumference), and 3) implementing innovation in the process of recording and classifying diseases using the IMCI application.
The Séance of Reading. Uncanny Designs in Modernist Writing
Authors: Cousineau Thomas J.
Published: May 2023

The essays gathered here for the shared purpose of conjuring the uncanny return of archaic building-rituals in modern literary works began as a series of guest-lectures that took place in various Romanian universities over a period of several years. I owe my regular visits to the country that has become the center of my professional life since retiring from Washington College in 2013 to The Romanian – U.S. Fulbright Commission, whose offer of an appointment as a Fulbright Scholar brought me to the University of Bucharest in the Fall of 2014. Weekly meetings with the students who participated in the master’s seminar that I offered there were crucial to the gradual shaping of a project that has now achieved its final form – a process that, in the words of William Butler Yeats, involved “much stitching and unstitching,” especially because I wanted the completed work to seem, again with Yeats in mind, the expression of “a moment’s thought.” Among the many Romanian colleagues who invited me to speak to their students, I would like especially to thank Diana Banea, Ilinca Diaconu, Elena Ionescu, Rodica Mihaila, Roxana Oltean, Ioan Panzaru, and Lidia Vianu of the University of Bucharest; Ovidiu Matiu, Ana-Karina Schneider, and Gentiana Stanisor of Lucian Blaga University; Ruxandra Cesereanu and Simona Jisa of Babes-Bolyai University; Mihnea Dobre of the University of Bucharest’s Institute for Research in the Humanities; and Gabriela Toma of The National Museum of Romanian Literature.
Derecho civil algorítmico
Authors: Trezza Remo
Published: May 2023

La contribución pretende ofrecer un examen de la variedad multifacética de algoritmos, identificar su naturaleza y tratar de construir una “prueba de mérito” para sistemas inteligentes. Pasamos del análisis ontológico de los sistemas (jurídicos y electrónicos) a la inseparable dicotomía “valores jurídicos-variables algorítmicas”. Además, tratamos de profundizar, a través de ejemplos concretos, cuál debe ser la funcionalización de los nuevos sistemas de inteligencia artificial y cuáles, en cambio, deben ser los principios sobre los que debe basarse una IA se debe fundar una orientación ética y personalista. Llegamos finalmente a un estatuto responsable de los sistemas inteligentes y de las nuevas configuraciones civiles que, en la era misma de la IA desbocada, deben estar dirigidas a la promoción y protección de la persona humana y de su íntima dignidad.
الاستكشافات الجغرافية واثرها على افريقيا واوروبا
Authors: الكوفي ا.م. محمد عبد الحميد جاسم , كاظم م. رشا فاضل
Published: May 2023

اكتسبت الاستكشافات الجغرافية لقارة افريقيا اهمية خاصة لما تميزت به من دور مهم في التوغل للوصول الى طريق الهند التي كانت الهدف المنشود لدول اوروبا لتحقيق الغرض الاستعماري. وقد اسهمت مجموعة من العوامل الموضوعية التي دفعتنا لاختيار الموضوع منها انه موضوعا لم تتناوله الدراسات الاكاديمية في البحث فضلا عن اهميته في تسلط الضوء على ما جرت اليه الاستكشافات الجغرافية من اثر على مختلف الجوانب في الواقع الافريقي والاوروبي مما جعلني اتصدى لدراسته في مقدمة وخمس نقاط وخاتمة. تناولت النقطة الاولى :( تأخر كشف افريقيا واسبابه)، فيما تناولت النقطة الثانية: (العوامل التي ادت الى الاستكشافات الجغرافية)، وشملت النقطة الثالثة :( مراحل كشف افريقيا)، فضلا عن دورها في توالي الرحلات حتى الوصول الى طريق الهند، وبحثت النقطة الرابعة: (اهم الدول التي تزعمت حركات الاستكشاف)، وابرز اسباب اسبقيتها للوصول الى سواحل افريقيا او تأخرها، وتضمنت النقطة الخامسة:(نتائج حركة الاستكشافات الجغرافية) واستغلال دول اوروبا لمناطق افريقيا في شتى المجالات لتحقيق الهدف الاستعماري. وجاءت الخاتمة لتوضح اهم النتائج التي توصل اليها البحث، وتم الاعتماد على مجموعة من الكتب يقف في مقدمتها كتاب شوقي الجمل، عبد الله عبد الرازق ابراهيم: (تاريخ افريقيا الحديث والمعاصر)، الذي يعد مصدرا مهما في تغطية الموضوع، اضافة الى رفد البحث بالمعلومات القيمة الموجودة في الرسائل والاطاريح فكان ابرزها اطروحة الدكتوره للباحث حسين جبار شكر: (التطورات السياسية في الكونغو)، اهمية في اعانة الباحثة بالحصول على المعلومات.
Greetings in Iraqi Arabic: An Auditory Study
Authors: Al-Riyahi Dr. Alaa Abdul-Imam
Published: May 2023

Iraqi Arabic includes the use of different types of politeness, such as greetings. Greetings are essential parts of everyday interaction. These polite sayings are produced on different intonational patterns. The speech of 48 Iraqi Arabic speakers is recorded to examine the intonational patterns of greetings. The participants are divided into three groups: educated, partly educated and uneducated participants. Each group includes eight men and eight women. The intonational system of Halliday and Greaves (2008) is adopted to describe the intonational patterns used. study concludes that greetings in Iraqi Arabic are formal or informal depending on the relationship between the speaker and addressee in addition to the context of the situation. In respect to intonation, men use falling tones more than women do on formal and informal greetings. The study requires a modification of Halliday and Greaves’ system of intonation (2008) by adding new symbols to account for the intonational patterns observed in Iraqi Arabic.
Dispensing of psychotropic medications to Australian children and adolescents before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic, 2013–2021: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wood Stephen J , Ilomäki Jenni , Gould Jacqueline , Tan George SQ , Raven Melissa , Jureidini Jon N , Grzeskowiak Luke E
Published: May 2023

Objective

To determine longitudinal patterns of dispensing of antidepressant, anxiolytic, antipsychotic, psychostimulant, and hypnotic/sedative medications to children and adolescents in Australia during 2013–2021.

Design

Retrospective cohort study; analysis of 10% random sample of Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) dispensing data.

Participants, setting

People aged 18 years or younger dispensed PBS‐subsidised psychotropic medications in Australia, 2013–2021.

Main outcome measures

Population prevalence of dispensing of psychotropic medications to children and adolescents, by psychotropic class, gender, and age group (0–6, 7–12, 13–18 years).

Results

The overall prevalence of psychotropic dispensing to children and adolescents was 33.8 per 1000 boys and 25.2 per 1000 girls in 2013, and 60.0 per 1000 boys and 48.3 per 1000 girls in 2021. The prevalence of psychotropic polypharmacy was 5.4 per 1000 boys and 3.7 per 1000 girls in 2013, and 10.4 per 1000 boys and 8.3 per 1000 girls in 2021. Prevalent dispensing during 2021 was highest for psychostimulants (boys, 44.0 per 1000; girls, 17.4 per 1000) and antidepressants (boys, 20.4 per 1000; girls, 33.8 per 1000). During 2021, the prevalence of dispensing was higher than predicted by extrapolation of 2013–2019 data for many classes, including antidepressants (boys: +6.1%; 95% CI, 1.1–11.1%; girls: +22.2%; 95% CI, 17.4–26.9%), and psychostimulants (boys: +14.5%; 95% CI, 8.0–21.1%; girls: +27.7%; 95% CI, 18.9–36.6%). The increases were greatest for girls aged 13–18 years (antidepressants: +20.3%; 95% CI, 16.9–23.7%; psychostimulants: +39.0%; 95% CI, 27.9–50.0%).

Conclusions

The prevalence of both psychotropic dispensing and psychotropic polypharmacy for children and adolescents were twice as high in 2021 as in 2013. The reasons and appropriateness of the marked increases in psychotropic dispensing during the COVID‐19 pandemic, particularly to adolescent girls, should be investigated.
Gambaran Self Efficacy Pada Keluarga Penderita Diabetes Melitus Dalam Menjalankan Upaya Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus
Authors: Firdaus Nugraha , Kurniawan Titis , Pebrianti Sandra
Published: May 2023

Family with diabetes mellitus is a group that has the biggest risk to get diabetes mellitus. Nonetheless, a few families are found to do a prevention effort towards this issue. Self-efficacy is one of the factors that determines one’s behavior. This research purpose is to identify family with diabetes mellitus self-efficacy on carrying diabetes mellitus prevention effort.This research used quantitative descriptive with cross sectional method, involving 138 families with diabetes mellitus (siblings or descendant) who live on Tarogong public health center work area. The respondents were selected by using purposive sampling technique. The data was collected by using diabetes mellitus prevention self-efficacy questionnaire. The instrument was developed by the author based on related literature and had been tested for validity by two lecturers working in the field of diabetes mellitus. The collected data were analyzed as a description and displayed in percentage, frequency, mean. The general findings showed that the family’s self-efficacy for preventing diabetes mellitus was on high category (54,3%). Smoking and physical activity domain were found as the highest mean score, while exercise and health check-up were identified as the lower ones.The research result can be concluded that the family self-efficacy in preventing diabetes mellitus belongs to high category. Nevertheless, it is still important for community health center to develop a certain program that can involve family to improve low self-efficacy domain such as exercise and medical check-up. Keywords          : Diabetes Mellitus, family, prevention, self-efficacy
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KESIAPAN BENCANA (DISASTER PREPAREDNESS)
Authors: Agustini Siti Yulipah , Prawesti Ayu , Pebrianti Sandra
Published: May 2023

Garut Regency is one of the regencies in West Java that is prone to disasters, floods, landslides, earthquakes, fires and tornado winds. Readiness is part of the initial step for disaster. Readiness is an activity carried out to anticipate disasters through organizing activity with appropriate steps. The purpose of this research was find out the description of community knowledge on disaster readiness in Garut Regency. This research method used descriptive quantitative. The instrument in collecting data used questionnaires, with cluster random sampling technique by processing data using slovin formula as many as 84 people based on frequency distribution. The results showed that the knowledge of community in five districts of Garut Regency with the highest category was bad category 47 (56.0%). The majority of disaster readiness knowledge in Garut Regency showed that most public knowledge was bad, it needs to be given information and counseling related to the concept of disasters and how to prevent them. Disaster readiness is very important in disaster safety. The results of this study were expected to be used as a basic material and experience for the provision and knowledge of disaster readiness, with the aim of saving the lives, property and reducing casualties.Keywords  : Disaster Readiness, Knowledge
HUBUNGAN KADAR KOLESTEROL DENGAN DERAJAT HIPERTENSI
Authors: Sulastri Diah
Published: May 2023

Hipertensi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang besar dan serius bagi dunia di karenakan prevalensinya yang tinggi dan cenderung meningkat dari masa ke masa. Penyebab kenaikan tekanan darah tinggi sendiri sulit dipastikan untuk setiap individu karena faktor pemicunya sangat banyak dan spesifik. Kurangnya aktivitas fisik merupakan salah satu penyebab kenaikan tekanan darah tinggi karena dapat meningkatkan kadar kolesterol dalam tubuh, dimana tingginya kadar kolesterol dapat menjadi faktor risiko penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah. Tujuan penelitian diketahui hubungan kadar kolesterol dengan derajat hipertensi di Puskesmas Simbarwaringin Kecamatan Trimurjo Kabupaten Lampung Tengah Tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif, desain penelitian analitik menggunakan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi penelitian seluruh penderita hipertensi di Puskesmas Simbarwaringin Kecamatan Trimurjo Kabupaten Lampung Tengah sebanyak 300 orang, dengan tehnik purposive sampling sebanyak 172 orang. Analisa data yang digunakan uji statistik Chi Square. Hasil penelitian respon den mengalami Hipertensi Derajat II yaitu sebanyak 93(54,1%). Responden memiliki kadar kolesterol sedang yaitu sebanyak 77 (44,8%). Ada hubungan antara kadar kolesterol dengan derajat hipertensi di Puskesmas Simbarwaringin Kecamatan Trimurjo Kabupaten Lampung Tengah tahun 2018 dengan p-value = 0,000 (p-value 0,05). Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk memberikan penyuluhan tentang faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penyakit hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Simbarwaringin Trimurjo Lampung Tengah, misalnya dengan mengadakan penyuluhan tentang perlunya menghindari faktor resiko hipertensi yaitu mengurangi konsumsi makanan yang mengandung lemak dan kolesterol, melakukan aktifitas olahraga secara rutin untuk meningkatkan pembakaran lemak dan kolesterol sehingga dapat mencegah kejadian hipertensi di masyarakat.  Kata Kunci     :    Kadar Kolesterol, Derajat Hipertensi
LITERATURE REVIEW : PENGARUH TANAMAN HERBAL TERHADAPPENURUNAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TAHUN 2021
Authors: Sumartini Rina , Susila Arif
Published: May 2023

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease group characterized by increased blood sugar levels as a result of a metabolic system disorder in the body, where the pancreas is unable to produce the hormone insulin according to the body's needs. DM is a disease that can reduce the patient's quality of life to the point of death. Continuous treatment will have an impact on finances and side effects in DM patients. Lowering blood sugar levels can be done by using herbal plants, because herbal therapy has no side effects, is affordable and easy to obtain. Herbal plants commonly used are bay leaf, onion, turmeric, and saffron. The approach method used is to collect and analyze research articles on herbal plants to reduce blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. Articles were collected through the EBSCO electronic database and Google schoolar using the keywords: herbal plants, diabetes mellitus and blood glucose. The criteria for articles used are those published in the period 2015-2020. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Herbal Plants
THE EFFECT THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION AND MUSIC THERAPY ON ANXIETY OF PREOPERATIVE PATIENTS IN JENDERAL AHMAD YANI METRO CITY IN 2021
Authors: Sormin Tumiur , Puri Anita , Vivinarti Septia
Published: May 2023

Data in the world shows that 61% of perioperative patients experience anxiety for fear of experiencing pain during the operatio, if not overcome it can even delay the implementation of operation. This study aims to determine the effect of therapeutic communication and nusic therapy on preoperative patient anxiety, This type of research is quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a pretest-postest with control group design. This sampling technique used accidental sampling. The population of this study was 80 respondents with a sample of 32 respondents devided into two group, namely the experimental group of 16 respondents and the control group of 16 respondents. The research was carried out in may-June at RSUD jenderal Ahmad Yani metro City in 2021. The results of this study indicate anxiety in the experimental group with the average value before being given action is 24,56, (SD= 3,741), (Min =19), (Max = 32), while the average value the average after being given the action was 12,13, (SD=1,544), (Min=10), (Max=15)., an the anxiety result in the control group with the average value before being given the actin is 15,13, (SD=2,680), (Min=11), (Max=20). It was concluded that there was a significant effect of therapeutic communication and music therapy  on prepperative patient anxiety with a p-value of 0,001. Therefore, it is recommended to the Jenderal Ahmad Yani Metro City to make therapeutic communication techniques and music therapy as companion therapy or additional relaxation therapy in preoperative patient.Keywords           : Therapeutic Communication, Music Therapy, Anxiety
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan Dengan Kelelahan Kerja Pada Perawat Di RSUD dr.H.BOB Bazar Kalianda Kabupaten Lampung Selatan
Authors: Oksandi Hendro Renaldi , Karbito Achmad
Published: May 2023

Perasaan kelelahan kerja adalah salah satu dari beberapa gejala yang sering ditemukan di pusat- pusat medis dan rumah sakit, yaitu sekitar 20-40% dari populasi mengeluh kelelahan kerja yang parah. Beberapa penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia memperoleh 30-40% orang yang bekerja sebagai penyedia layanan kesehatan yang bersifat teknis dan beroperasi selama 8-24 jam sehari mengalami kelelahan. Ini karena ada pola kerja yang berputar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kelelahan kerja pada perawat di RSUD Dr.H.Bob Bazar Kalianda Kabupaten Lampung Selatan.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan peneliti adalah kuantitatif. Desain dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan survei analitik dan peneliti menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua perawat di RSUD Dr.H.Bob Bazar Kalianda Kabupaten Lampung Selatan pada tahun 2018 yang berjumlah 298 orang. Sehingga dalam mendapatkan sampel sebanyak 71 responden. Dalam penelitian ini teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling.Berdasarkan  hasil  uji  statistik,  ada  faktor  yang  berhubungan  dengan  kelelahan  kerja  pada perawat di RSUD Dr.H.Bob Bazar Kalianda Kabupaten Lampung Selatan pada tahun 2018 (Usia = 0,014, jenis kelamin = 0,016, status gizi = 0,038, beban kerja = 0,032). Diharapkan petugas kesehatan yang ada di RSUD Dr. Bob Bazar dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan dengan mengawasi setiap ruangan terkait kepatuhan dan sikap perawat tentang kepatuhan dalam bekerja.Kata kunci: Kelelahan Kerja, Beban Kerja, Status Gizi
Hubungan Pemberian Informasi Obat Dengan Kepuasaan Pasien Di Puskesmas Kalibalangan Kecamatan Abung Selatan Kabupaten Lampung Utara
Authors: Djamal HD , Safitri Gustia
Published: May 2023

Hasil pra-survei terhadap 10 pasien di Puskesmas Kalibalangan, Kecamatan Abung Selatan menunjukkan bahwa 50% pasien tidak puas dengan layanan farmakologi termasuk layanan minum obat, informasi yang kurang jelas, dan pasien mengeluh bahwa staf kesehatan tidak segera  diproses  kwitansi  medis  telah  diserahkan dan  tidak  ada  informasi yang  diberik an mengenai  obat. Tujuan dari  penelitian  ini  adalah  untuk  mengetahui hubungan pemberian informasi obat dengan kepuasan pasien di Puskesmas Kalibalangan Kecamatan Bung Selatan di Kabupaten Lampung Utara.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi adalah 321 pasien yang mengunjungi Puskesmas Kalibalangan, Kecamatan Abung Selatan. 76 sampel responden diambil dengan menggunakan accidental sampling.Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa ada korelasi pemberian informasi obat dengan kepuasan pasien di Puskesmas Kalibalangan Kecamatan Abung Selatan di Kabupaten Lampung Utara pada tahun 2018 (p-value 0,024 0,05). Petugas kesehatan diharapkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan kesehatan terutama mengenai pentingnya memberikan informasi obat-obatan dan melakukan pengawasan di bangsal yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan medis dan sikap petugas kesehatan tentang produktivitas kerja.Kata kunci: informasi, kepuasan pengobatan, obat
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan Dengan Perilaku Merokok Pada Siswa Kelas X Dan XI Di SMA N 1 Mesuji
Authors: Elbands Erwan Sani , Noviansyah Noviansyah
Published: May 2023

Merokok  merupakan  suatu  kebiasaan  yang  merugikan  bagi kesehatan.  Rokok  diketahui  banyak mengandung racun/ zat kimia berbahaya yang dapat menimbulkan berbagai penyakit seperti penyakit jantung, stroke dan kanker.Meskipun  sudah diketahui akibat negatif dari perilaku merokok itu sendiri tetapi jumlah perokok bukan semakin menurun tetapi semakin meningkat  dan usia perokok semakin bertambah muda termasuk siswa sekolah menegah atas (SMA). Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan  yang dilakukan  di SMAN 1 Mesuji didapatkan  70 % siswa laki-laki  yang merokok di sekitar lingkungan sekolah  dan  masih  mengenakan seragam  sekolah.  Tujuan  penelitian  ini  diketahuinya  faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku merokok pada siswa kelas X dan XI SMAN 1 Mesuji tahun 2018. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian   kuantitatif dengan metode survei analitik, menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional.Populasi  penelitian adalah seluruh siswa laki- laki kelas X dan XI SMAN 1 Mesuji tahun 2018 yang berjumlah  74 siswa. sedangkan  sampel penelitian  yaitu 50 siswa dengan teknik pengambilan sampel proportionate stratified random sampling, pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuisioner dan dianalisis dengan analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil  penelitian  didapatkan  66  %  atau  sebanyak  33  responden  dari  50  responden  merokok.  Ada hubungan antara sikap (pvalue =0,001 : OR= 0,1) dan lingkungan sosial (p-value =0,000 : OR=14,6) dengan perilaku   merokok. Tidak  terdapat   hubungan antara pengetahuan  (p-value   =1,000) dan penerapan KTR (p-value =0,673) dengan perilaku merokok pada siswa kelas X dan XI di SMAN 1 Mesuji  2018. Sebagai  saran  agar  pihak  sekolah dapat berkoordinasi  dengan dinas  kesehatan  dan puskesmas  setempat untuk mensosialisasikan tentang bahaya  merokok  kepada orang tua dan siswa. Untuk siswa agar tidak terpengaruh oleh teman yang merokok serta dapat memberitahu kepada teman yang lain tentang bahaya merokok.Kata kunci : Perilaku, merokok, siswa
Hubungan Umur dan Obesitas Sentral dengan Kadar Kolesterol Total Penduduk Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Mukhlidah Hanun , Fatmah Fatmah , Sartika RAD
Published: May 2023

Kadar kolesterol total merupakan salah satu indikator terbaik untuk memprediksi risiko penyakit jantung pada seseorang. Untuk itu, perlu memastikan agar kadar kolesterol total selalu pada ambang batas yang disarankan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui determinan yang dominan berhubungan dengan kadar kolesterol total berdasarkan data Riskesdas tahun 2013 pada kelompok umur 18-59 tahun. Desain penelitian Cross Sectional dengan sampel 21.055 orang, dan data dianalisis dengan metode Regresi Logistik Berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa umur, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, obesitas sentral, dan aktivitas fisik berhubungan dengan kadar kolesterol total. Umur  dan obesitas sentral menjadi determinan utama yang berhubungan dengan kadar kolesterol total. Disarankan kepada masyarakat usia 18-59 tahun, seiring dengan pertambahan umur perlu untuk menjaga agar tidak obesitas sentral dengan mengikuti pedoman gizi seimbang. Kata Kunci : kadar kolesterol total, umur, obesitas sentral
Gambaran Pengetahuan Perilaku Merokok di Masa Pandemi COVID-19 pada Kalangan Remaja Laki-Laki di Wilayah Jabodetabek Tahun 2020
Authors: Ardiyanti Putri Dwi , Harzani Septia , Rahmah Syifa Aulia , Putri Zalfa Maharani , Putri Zalma Nur Khadijah , Mustakim Mustakim
Published: May 2023

Menurut WHO, Indonesia merupakan negara ketiga dengan jumlah perokok terbesar di dunia setelah Cina dan India. Merokok dapat menyebabkan seorang perokok mengalami Covid-19 yang berat dan 58% penderita Covid-19 di China adalah laki-laki yang merupakan perokok aktif. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif, titik populasi pada penelitian ini adalah remaja laki-laki berusia 15-24 tahun yang tinggal di Jabodetabek dengan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Terdapat hasil sebanyak 90,2% responden dalam penelitian ini merokok pada usia 11-19 Tahun dan termasuk dalam kategori ringan. Disarankan kepada para remaja untuk mengelola stress dengan baik guna terbangunnya motivasi untuk berhenti merokok.Kata Kunci : Remaja, Merokok, Covid-19, Laki-laki
Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Perilaku Pemakaian Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) pada Perawat di Lampung
Authors: Rukmana Nova Mega , Putri Juniarti Mega , Novariana Nana
Published: May 2023

Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 66 tahun 2016 tentang kesehatan keselamatan kerja di Rumah Sakit , menyatakan bahwa Rumah Sakit merupakan tempat kerja yang memiliki risiko tinggi terhadap keselamatan dan kesehatan sumber daya manusia rumah sakit, pasien, pendamping pasien, pengunjung maupun lingkungan Rumah Sakit.Prevalensi hepatitis di provinsi Lampung meningkat dari tahun 2007 yaitu 0,3% menjadi 1% pada tahun 2014 dan prevalensi HIV 66%.Dengan Menggunakan ADP maka akan mencegah timbunya penyakit. Desain penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh tenaga kesehatan di RSIA. Puri Betik Hati Bandar Lampung  , dengan jumlah sampel adalah 35 orang. Uji analisis univariat menggunakan chi-square. Hasil Penelitian diperoleh ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku tenaga kesehatan dalam pemakaian APD (p-value = 0,000 dan OR = 24,7), Saran bagi kepala ruangan untuk meningkatkan pengawasan dalam penggunaan alat pelindung diri secara rutin dalam melakukan pelayanan kesehatan terhadap pasien di RS.Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Pemakaian Alat Pelindung Diri, Perawat.