bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Utility of Mid-Pelvic Dimensions Via Plain Radiography in Predicting Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Bello A.  , Usman J. D.
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Studies on the role of pelvimetry in predicting the mode of delivery have yielded mixed results. The aim of this study is to determine utility of the mid-pelvic measurement in predicting the mode of delivery in a cohort of women attempting vaginal delivery.

Study Design and Methods: With this prospective cohort study, we evaluated the use of x-ray in predicting the delivery outcome of women attempting to deliver vaginally. Women were recruited before labor at >36 weeks gestational age and X-ray pelvimetry was performed after delivery.  The exposures of interest were mid pelvic measures including anteroposterior diameters, transverse diameters and circumferences. The outcome measures were whether the women delivered via vaginal route or had cesarean delivery. We estimated the distribution and calculated measures of central tendency and spread of each pelvic dimension. Area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC) was used to estimate the overall predictive ability for each pelvic dimension and the optimal cut-point was estimated using the method of Liu. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors for mode of delivery. The Hosmer – Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was used to estimate the overall fit while the AUC was used to estimate the overall prediction of the final model.

Results: A total of 426 women met the inclusion criteria. The mean gestational age at delivery was 40 (±6.0) weeks and the majority were black parturient (62.6%0. A slight majority were nulliparous (52.1%). In all, 127 women (29.8%) were delivered by cesarean delivery. All the pelvic inlet and mid pelvic dimensions were approximately normally distributed. The AUC ranged from 0.62 to 0.86. While the pelvic inlet and mid pelvic diameters had equivalent AUC, the optimal cut-point of the mid pelvic anteroposterior diameter (10.8cm) had both higher sensitivity and specificity than the pelvic inlet anteroposterior diameter (10.2cm) (95% and 85% versus 90% and 80%, respectively). There was an inverse relationship between the mid pelvic anteroposterior diameter and mode of delivery by cesarean section, with a 100% risk among women with a diameter of 9cm or less. However, the multivariable model developed had an AUC of 0.90, indicating overall good and higher predictive ability than the mid-pelvic anteroposterior diameter alone.

Conclusions: In this large cohort study, the mid pelvic anteroposterior diameter best predicted mode of delivery by cesarean section.
Correlation Analysis of Watermelon Price among Markets in Yobe State, Nigeria
Authors: Waziri-Ugwu, P. R.  , Hassan B. K.  , Tiku, N. E.
Published: September 2023

The study was aimed at determining the price relationship among major watermelon markets in Yobe State, Nigeria. Three (3) Local Government Areas (lGAs) were purposively selected i.e. Nguru, Bade and Potiskum. The main objective of the study was to calculate the magnitude and direction of the prices of watermelon in the 3 LGAs, this will assist the marketers know which market to supply to for more earnings. The correlation coefficient and Johansen and Juselius co-integration test was employed as the analytical tools. The descriptive result revealed a mean age of 41years, 8 number of person per household, and 18 years of business experience. The Pearson Correlation matrix showed that the prices between Nguru and Bade was 0.097, Nguru and Potiskum -0.012. This expresses clearly that there was a very weak relationship. Also, the Johansson Co-integration test results revealed that the prices were not integrated. The paper concluded that the three watermelon markets were very independent of each other. It was recommended that watermelon fruits should be transformed into other forms to attract better prices and open up more markets for it.
Mighty Millets: Bespoke for Multi Nutrients
Authors: Shukla Preeti , Bhise Suresh
Published: September 2023

Small-grained millets are warm-weather, annual cereals in the grass family. The three most significant millets grown in India are ragi (finger millet), bajra (pearl millet), and jowar (sorghum). Proso (Cheena), Kodo (Kodra, Arikelu), Fox tail (Kangni/Korra), Barnyard (Varai, Sawa), and little millet (Kutki) are only a few of the small millets that are grown in our nation. Millets have grown to be significant crops in Asia, and their global output has sharply increased. Less biotic and abiotic stress can affect them. In comparison to other major cereals, millet grains provide a particularly noteworthy source of minerals (iron and zinc), fibre, and carbohydrates. To promote millets' production and consumption, the Indian government declared them Nutri-Cereals in April 2018. Millets included are Sorghum (Jowar), Pearl Millet (Bajra), Finger Millet (Ragi/Mandua) & Minor Millets namely; Foxtail Millet (Kangani/Kakun), Proso Millet (Cheena), Kodo Millet (Kodo), Barnyard Millet (Sawa/Sanwa/ Jhangora), Little Millet (Kutki) and two Pseudo -millets viz Buckwheat (Kuttu) and Amaranthus (Chaulai). The UN declared 2023 the International Year of Millets (IYoM-2023) in order to increase domestic and international demand and to supply people with nutrient-rich meals. The significance of millets in the current environment is emphasised in this overview, along with the nutritional advantages and other health advantages of the main millet crops grown in India. Millets may show to be a crop with the ability to contribute to the security of food and nutrition.
Study of Pharmacological Profile of Chloroform Leaf Extract of Ludwigia perennis - A Wetland Plant
Authors: Syamkumar T. S.  , S Geethalakshmi. , Augustine Anu
Published: September 2023

Aim: The main objective of this study was to find out various therapeutic properties of chloroform leaf extract of the wetland plant Ludwigia perennis.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biotechnology, Sree Narayana Guru College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, Scigen Research and Innovation in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu; and the Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences in Osudu, Pondicherry between April 2023 and August 2023.

Methodology: Chloroform leaf extract of Ludwigia perennis was employed for evaluating the antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-nutritional, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties, respectively.

Results: The DPPH assay found that the IC50 for the leaf extract was 48.78µg/mL, while the IC50 for the standard was 49.74µg/mL. The IC50 for the phosphomolybdenum test was 32.31µg/mL for the leaf extract and 33.73µg/mL for the standard. The IC50 values for the hydroxyl radical scavenging experiment were 55.6µg/mL for the standard and 47.54µg/mL for the leaf extract. The IC50 of the standard in the α-amylase inhibitory assay is 394.48µg/mL, and the extract's IC50 is 330.38µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 of the standard in the α-glucosidase inhibitory assay was 394.06µg/mL, and the extract's IC50 was 335.45µg/mL, respectively. Antinutrient content such as alkaloids was 21.4%, oxalate was 6.6%, phytate was 4.18%, and saponin was 30%, respectively. The IC50 of HeLa cells treated with leaf extract was 180µg/mL. After 4hours of treatment with chloroform leaf extract, the inhibition was 51.75% when 50mg/kg was used and 58.74% when 250mg/kg was used. Here, the inhibitory percentage of indomethacin is 59.45%. This means that the leaf extract has anti-inflammatory activity. Chloroform leaf extracts produced significant antipyretic effects in 250 and 500mg/kg doses.

Conclusion: Therefore, the chloroform leaf extract of Ludwigia perennis has shown to have anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-nutrient, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyretic activities. These evidences suggest the plant is a potential source for developing new drugs.
A Review on Crop Regulation in Guava Fruit
Authors: Yadav Swatantra , Pratap Ravi , Yadav Aranav , Yadav Lalit , Chaudhary Akhil Kumar , Verma Shikhar , Ramdutt  , Tyagi Ankur
Published: September 2023

The influence of crop regulation on guava fruit quality (Psidium guajava) manifests in various dimensions, including physical appearance, nutritional integrity, yield, and overall productivity. This investigation explores the systematic integration of conventional and modern practices in regulating the characteristics of guava fruit. Physical appearance, including size, shape, color, and texture, is primarily influenced by targeted pruning and meticulous nutrient and water regulation. Nutritional content, encompassing essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, can be enhanced and preserved through a combination of soil management, precision irrigation, and genetic engineering. Crop regulation's interplay with yield and productivity highlights the vital role of balanced pruning, efficient water and nutrient delivery systems, and modern techniques such as precision agriculture. A key finding reveals a complex challenge in maintaining a quality-quantity balance, necessitating innovation and sustainable practices for long-term benefits. This study underscores the multifaceted impacts of crop regulation on guava fruit quality and lays the groundwork for further research, emphasizing the development of integrated and sustainable strategies for optimizing both the quality and economic value of this globally significant fruit.
Adoption of Agronomic Practice Wise Green Technologies Utilization Behaviour of Trichy and Madurai District Farmers in Rice-Based Ecosystem
Authors: Deepika M. , Jeevapriya A.  , Brinly Sasitha S
Published: September 2023

The current study was carried out in Madurai and Trichy districts of Tamil Nadu. Two blocks from each district were chosen. For this study, a total sample size of 240 people was used. More than half (60.00%) of the farmers had fully adopted the seed treatment practices in which 62.50 per cent of Trichy district farmers had fully adopted and more than half (57.50%) of Madurai district farmers had fully adopted the above practices. More than three-fourths (83.33%) of the farmers had fully adopted in which 86.66 per cent followed by 80.00 per cent of Trichy and Madurai district farmers had fully adopted the application of farm yard manure respectively. Exactly half of the Trichy district respondents (50.00%) had fully adopted summer ploughing followed by 52.50 per cent of Madurai farmers.
Microbial Filtrates Improved Growth Parameters of In vitro PVX Infected Potato Plantlets
Authors: Shehata Rania S. , Moawod Hanan , Dawoud Rehab A.
Published: September 2023

This study focuses on utilizing the phenomenon of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to control plant viruses and increased growth in vitro. The study demonstrated the induction of SAR in potato plantlets against Potato Virus X by using bacterial culture filtrates invitro. These biotic inducers included Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. The study observed the occurrence of induced resistance and enhanced growth in potato plantlets treated with culture filtrates containing these microorganisms. This was evident through a reduction in PVX infection, disease severity and associated biochemical changes (such as elevated levels of endogenous salicylic acid, protein content, chlorophyll content, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities), as well as improvements in growth parameters.
Clinico-Epidemiological Study Done at a Tertiary Care Centre in Western Ghats of South India and Outcome of Snakebite Cases
Authors: Karanth Jnanaprakash B. , Maribashetti Kiran , Karanth Gangapooja
Published: September 2023

Background & Objectives: Snakebite is a neglected public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical geographical zones. Management of snakebites require through examination, careful monitoring of vitals and assessment of envenomation. The epidemiological and clinical management data will provide an insight on the critical management issues and varied presentation.

Methods: A retrospective observation study was conducted at Shripad Hegde Kadave Institute of Medical Sciences, Sirsi, Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka. Patients admitted to the hospital during the period from January 2019 to August 2022 were included for the study.

Results: The data from a total of 78 participants was included for the analysis. The mean age was 38.56±17.28 years.  Of the participants, 50 (64.10%) were male and 43 (52.12%) farmers by occupation. Majority of cases had haematotoxic symptoms (42.2%) followed by myotoxicity (33.3%). Predominant neurotoxicity was seen in only 2 (2.56%) of patients. 57 (73%) of participants had elevated INR ratio. Sixty-seven (85.9%) participants were medically managed and 10 (12.82%) required surgical intervention. Three (18.75%) participants had acute kidney injury. With respect to the final outcome, 71(91%) of participants were discharged after recovery.

Interpretation and Conclusion: This study provided the vital insight on clinical presentation and management of snakebite in Western Ghats of South India. Snakebite majorly affected male and middle-aged people. Farmers were most affected and bites occurred more during monsoon season. Due to variation in local distribution of species of snakes’ predominantly higher variants of vipers (lower number of krait and cobra) haematotoxic symptoms and signs were the major clinical presentation.
Water Flow Analysis of the Kayanga-Anambé-Lake Waïma Hydrological Complex by Flow-flow Correlation and Rainfall-flow Modeling Approaches
Authors: Thiaw Ibrahima
Published: September 2023

This article presents an assessment of the surface water resources of the Kayanga-Anambé hydrological complex, located in West Africa. This hydrological complex, one of the main characteristics of which is exclusively agricultural and pastoral, is subject to a changing climate and strong anthropogenic pressures leading to resource use conflicts. Therefore, a better knowledge of water availability is essential to guide policies for the management and adaptation of this geosystem. Two approaches are used to estimate the contributions from the different sub-watersheds of the Kayanga: (i) a correlation between the flow rates of Wassadou and those of the other hydrometric stations of the Management and Planning Unit (UGP) of Casamance and eastern Senegal – in particular for filling the gaps observed in the data series from the Wassadou, Niandouba and Vélingara Pakane stations – and (ii) the implementation of a rainfall-runoff modeling approach at monthly time intervals, with the GR2M model, to reconstruct seasonal flows and contributions from the Kayanga-Anambé-Lake Waïma complex. The results show correlation coefficients which vary from 0.24 to 0.96 depending on the stations, showing a strong relationship between the flow rates of the Kayanga at Wassadou and those of the other stations. The maximum correlation coefficient is noted at the Mako station (0.96), on the Gambia river. Furthermore, a Nash of 0.86 was obtained with the GR2M model. Thus, the parameters X1 and X2 of the model were used to reconstruct the seasonal flows and contributions from the Kayanga-Anambé-Lac Waïma complex. This made it possible to have long enough time series of flow rates for a better estimation of water resources and their temporal fluctuation.
Currículo Cultural Em Educação Física: por Uma Cidadania Ética
Authors: Alviano Jr Wilson
Published: September 2023

O presente artigo busca estabelecer o diálogo entre o chamado Currículo Cultural em Educação Física e os conceitos de Ética, Moral e Cidadania. Para tanto, elabora uma análise a partir da pesquisa de Neira realizada com docentes que afirmam trabalhar com o chamado Currículo Cultural e destaca os pontos que evidenciam a relação com as diferenças. Posteriormente, dialoga sobre a Experiência Estética e o Olhar Periférico, de acordo com Alves, Almeida e Santos, que ampliam a possibilidade de diálogo com os conceitos de Ética, Moral e Cidadania conforme texto de Almeida, subsidiado por Dussel e Ricouer. Ao final, destaca similitudes e aponta as possibilidades de uma Cidadania Ética relacionada ao Currículo Cultural da Educação Física.
Contação de história e seus enlaces: literatura, prática leitora e criatividade
Authors: REGIS PAIVA ANTONIA SARA SAMMILY , Da Conceição Soares Bezerra Keutre Gláudia
Published: September 2023

A literatura e sua prática são apresentadas como meio para desen- volver inúmeras habilidades, dentre elas o autoconhecimento, a autonomia e a criatividade. Diante disso, é possível perceber o quanto ela pode ser essencial na sala de aula de alfabetização, sendo trabalhada de forma pra- zerosa e instigante, através da contação de história. O presente artigo parte de um estudo realizado com crianças em fase de alfabetização, que mostra como a contação de história trabalhada como deleite pode incentivá-las a desenvolver a prática leitora e seu amor pelos livros. É um trabalho de abordagem qualitativa, que utiliza como procedimento metodológico a obser- vação participante e a aplicação de questionário para seu desenvolvimento. O objetivo é incentivar e compreender a prática da leitura como formadora do leitor por prazer, propiciar a autonomia dessas crianças; a ampliação da criatividade e da imaginação infantil através da contação e do reconto de histórias, formando leitores que possam interpretar e compreender o que leem; despertar a curiosidade e possibilidade de diferenciação do mundo da fantasia do mundo em que vivem, instigando, assim, a prática leitora. Os resultados foram obtidos diante dos dados encontrados durante a contação de história desenvolvida e do questionário de pesquisa aplicado. A conclusão mostra a grande relevância da prática leitora que só passa a existir quando se tem um elo entre família e escola, e sobretudo quando a criança é colocada como ator principal nessa perspectiva, e também enfoca como o potencial da imaginação e da criatividade tende a expandir quando aliado à literatura.
Universidade, arte e cultura: primórdios de uma relação ancestral
Authors: Santana Portela Cristiano , Rocha Sampaio Sônia Maria , Goulart Mota Garcia Rosa Flávia
Published: September 2023

Resumo: O presente artigo tem o objetivo de traçar uma síntese histórica das relações entre universidade, arte e cultura, desde os primórdios do ensi- no superior até os dias atuais. Pretende-se entender de que forma a cultura e a arte estão imbricadas com o ensino superior desde o seu nascedouro e como essa relação se desenvolveu ao longo do tempo. Como objetivo secun- dário, o artigo dedica atenção ao histórico artístico-cultural da Universidade Federal da Bahia, situando-a no panorama da inserção da arte e cultura nas universidades brasileiras. Conclui-se que há um entrelaçamento atávico entre o ensino de arte e cultura e a emergência do ensino superior desde os mais antigos períodos. No Brasil, a dimensão da cultura nas universidades esteve associada, historicamente, ao panorama político-cultural de ocasião, flutuando ao sabor das ideologias dominantes.
Poder-saber na Política Curricular do PROEJA: análise do curso FIC em Operador de Computadores no Instituto Federal do Tocantins, campus Araguaína
Authors: Sousa Janderson Henrique Mota de , Morais Sônia Eduardo de
Published: September 2023

Este artigo científico analisa os saberes presentes na política curricu- lar do PROEJA, programa que integra a Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na Modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Com enfoque no Plano de Curso do curso FIC em Operador de Computadores do Instituto Federal do Tocantins, campus Araguaína, a pesquisa adota uma abordagem metodológica baseada em análise bibliográfica e documental, embasada teoricamente em Michel Foucault. O objetivo central é compreender o funcionamento discursi- vo e as concepções de verdade que sustentam a relação poder-saber presentes nos documentos analisados. O estudo destaca a relevância do PROEJA como estratégia de inclusão social e acesso ao mercado de trabalho para jovens e adultos excluídos do sistema educacional. Os resultados revelam que os saberes do programa são influenciados por relações econômicas, políticas e culturais, evidenciando a integração curricular como uma arena de conflitos e disputas. Além disso, são discutidos o papel da resistência como estratégia de poder e a importância de considerar a diversidade de experiências e saberes dos alunos. Percebeu-se que o currículo do PROEJA atua como uma tecnolo- gia de poder que regula os saberes e estabelece relações de dominação, mas também encontra resistência por parte dos sujeitos envolvidos, destacando a necessidade de uma abordagem educacional inclusiva e democrática.
O jogo digital como estratégia de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional para o público infantil
Authors: Moitinho Julianna , Barreto Mércia Ferreira
Published: September 2023

Os jogos digitais têm ocupado um espaço em grande proporção no cotidiano das crianças, sobretudo no período de confinamento obrigatório pela pandemia do novo coronavírus. Neste contexto, percebe-se a emergência da utilização de jogos digitais como ferramenta de Educação Alimentar e Nutri- cional (EAN). O que se pretende neste estudo é avaliar o desenvolvimento de jogo digital como uma ferramenta para a prática da EAN para o público infantil. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo descritivo, sendo dividido em duas etapas: a primeira consistiu-se em uma pesquisa bibliográfica para identificar a metodologia dos artigos que descreviam o desenvolvimento de um jogo digital como uma ferramenta para a prática da EAN. A segunda etapa tratou de analisar o jogo Picnic do Chapeuzinho por meio de um questionário com perguntas sobre: objetivos do jogo, público-alvo, do que se trata o jogo, métodos para seu desenvolvimento. A avaliação da literatura permitiu destacar pontos positivos e negativos que caracterizavam o desenvolvimento de um jogo e mostrar o potencial a ser alcançado, caso o jogo Picnic do Chapeuzinho seja utilizado como uma ferramenta digital para a prática da EAN. A realização desta pesquisa pôde trazer contribuições sobre o conhecimento de jogos e aprendizagem, ampliando o olhar sobre as possibilidades de torná-los métodos eficientes à prática de EAN.
A comprehensive evaluation of advanced dose calculation algorithms for brain stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Yoon Jihyung , Jung Hyunuk , Tanny Sean M. , Lemus Olga Maria Dona , Milano Michael T. , Hardy Sara J. , Usuki Kenneth Y. , Zheng Dandan
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Accurate dose calculation is important in both target and low dose normal tissue regions for brain stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). In this study, we aim to evaluate the dosimetric accuracy of the two advanced dose calculation algorithms for brain SRS.

Methods

Retrospective clinical case study and phantom study were performed. For the clinical study, 138 SRS patient plans (443 targets) were generated using BrainLab Elements Voxel Monte Carlo (VMC). To evaluate the dose calculation accuracy, the plans were exported into Eclipse and recalculated with Acuros XB (AXB) algorithm with identical beam parameters. The calculated dose at the target center (Dref), dose to 95% target volume (D95), and the average dose to target (Dmean) were compared. Also, the distance from the skull was analyzed. For the phantom study, a cylindrical phantom and a head phantom were used, and the delivered dose was measured by an ion chamber and EBT3 film, respectively, at various locations. The measurement was compared with the calculated doses from VMC and AXB.

Results

In clinical cases, VMC dose calculations tended to be higher than AXB. It was found that the difference in Dref showed > 5% in some cases for smaller volumes < 0.3 cm3. Dmean and D95 differences were also higher for small targets. No obvious trend was found between the dose difference and the distance from the skull. In phantom studies, VMC dose was also higher than AXB for smaller targets, and VMC showed better agreement with the measurements than AXB for both point dose and high dose spread.

Conclusion

The two advanced calculation algorithms were extensively compared. For brain SRS, AXB sometimes calculates a noticeable lower target dose for small targets than VMC, and VMC tends to have a slightly closer agreement with measurements than AXB.
Hyperacute autonomic and cortical function recovery following cardiac arrest resuscitation in a rodent model
Authors: Guo Yu , Gharibani Payam , Agarwal Prachi , Cho Sung‐Min , Thakor Nitish V. , Geocadin Romergryko G.
Published: September 2023

Objective

There is a complex interaction between nervous and cardiovascular systems, but sparse data exist on brain–heart electrophysiological responses to cardiac arrest resuscitation. Our aim was to investigate dynamic changes in autonomic and cortical function during hyperacute stage post‐resuscitation.

Methods

Ten rats were resuscitated from 7‐min cardiac arrest, as indicators of autonomic response, heart rate (HR), and its variability (HRV) were measured. HR was monitored through continuous electrocardiography, while HRV was assessed via spectral analysis, whereby the ratio of low−/high‐frequency (LF/HF) power indicates the balance between sympathetic/parasympathetic activities. Cortical response was evaluated by continuous electroencephalography and quantitative analysis. Parameters were quantified at 5‐min intervals over the first‐hour post‐resuscitation. Neurological outcome was assessed by Neurological Deficit Score (NDS, range 0–80, higher = better outcomes) at 4‐h post‐resuscitation.

Results

A significant increase in HR was noted over 15–30 min post‐resuscitation (p < 0.01 vs.15‐min, respectively) and correlated with higher NDS (rs = 0.56, p < 0.01). LF/HF ratio over 15–20 min was positively correlated with NDS (rs = 0.75, p < 0.05). Gamma band power surged over 15–30 min post‐resuscitation (p < 0.05 vs. 0–15 min, respectively), and gamma band fraction during this period was associated with NDS (rs ≥0.70, p < 0.05, respectively). Significant correlations were identified between increased HR and gamma band power during 15–30 min (rs ≥0.83, p < 0.01, respectively) and between gamma band fraction and LF/HF ratio over 15–20 min post‐resuscitation (rs = 0.85, p < 0.01).

Interpretations

Hyperacute recovery of autonomic and cortical function is associated with favorable functional outcomes. While this observation needs further validation, it presents a translational opportunity for better autonomic and neurologic monitoring during early periods post‐resuscitation to develop novel interventions.
Objective sleep was longitudinally associated with brain amyloid burden in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Kimura Noriyuki , Sasaki Yuuki , Masuda Teruaki , Ataka Takuya , Eguchi Atsuko , Kakuma Tatsuyuki , Matsubara Etsuro
Published: September 2023

Objective

Understanding the longitudinal association of objective sleep and physical activity with brain amyloid burden and cortical glucose metabolism has critical clinical and public health implications for dementia prevention in later life.

Methods

We enrolled 118 individuals aged ≥65 years with mild cognitive impairment, who were followed up on from August 2015 to September 2019. All participants continuously wore an accelerometer sensor for 7 consecutive days every 3 months and received annual 11C‐Pittsburgh compound‐B and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET). Sleep and physical activity parameters were assessed using accelerometer sensor data and PET imaging was quantified using a standardized uptake‐value ratio. Fifty‐seven participants (48.3%) completed a lifestyle factor assessment and PET imaging over the 3‐year period. A linear mixed‐effects model was applied to examine the longitudinal association of sleep and physical activity parameters with PET imaging over the 3‐year period, controlling for potential confounders.

Results

Sleep efficiency was inversely associated with amyloid uptake in the frontal lobe. Although sleep duration was positively associated with global amyloid uptake, particularly in the frontal lobe, their impact was extremely small. However, physical activity parameters were not significantly associated with the 11C‐Pittsburgh compound‐B‐uptake. Furthermore, sleep and physical activity parameters were not significantly associated with cortical glucose metabolism.

Interpretation

Lower sleep efficiency could be an early symptom of greater brain amyloid burden at the mild cognitive impairment stage. Therefore, the assessment of sleep may be useful for identifying individuals at higher risk for brain amyloid burden. Future longer term observational studies are required to confirm these findings.
NIAAA at work: Funding for research on alcohol use disorder
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2023

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) issued the following funding opportunities recently.
Near‐Infrared Optical Synapses Based on Multilayer MoSe2 Moiré Superlattice for Artificial Retina
Authors: Yang Hongying , Hu Yunxia , Zhang Xin , Ding Yanan , Wang Shuai , Su Zhen , Shuai Yong , Hu PingAn
Published: September 2023

Near‐infrared (NIR) synaptic devices have attracted great attention in the field of NIR vision sensors due to their highly parallel sensing and memory functions, which emulate the basic biomimetic behaviors of the human visual system. However, it is a great challenge for the 2D material to achieve NIR light response and integration, which obstructs the progress of NIR synaptic devices. Hence, a two‐terminal NIR synaptic device based on a multilayer MoSe2 moiré superlattice is reported. The moiré structure dominated by interlayer excitons significantly enhances the interlayer coupling of multilayer MoSe2, resulting in a narrower band gap nearly to that of bulk to achieve NIR light response and broadband absorption from 240 nm to 1700 nm. The existence of Se vacancies in MoSe2 moiré superlattice makes the device show the fundamental synaptic performance. Furthermore, a 10×10 integrated retinal morphologic device array is constructed. Under the 100 s light pulse stimulation of 1060 nm, the pattern obtained after attenuation of 50 s still has a memory level of 14.84%, reflecting the excellent storage function under NIR illumination. This research opens up a new avenue for the realization of NIR artificial retina and bionic eye based on 2D materials.
Separation Effect of Graphene Sheets with N, O Codoping and Molybdenum Clusters for Reversible Lithium–Iodine Batteries
Authors: Chen Qianwu , Chen Song , Ma Jizhen , Ding Siyu , Zhang Jintao
Published: September 2023

Lithium–iodine (Li–I2) batteries with ideal discharge potential plateau and abundant iodine resources have attracted considerable attention. However, the poor electrical conductivity of iodine with high solubility in organic electrolytes, and the Li dendrite issue have severely limited the practical application of Li–I2 batteries. Herein, this work demonstrates that the bifunctionalization of polypropylene (PP) separator with molybdenum clusters on N, O codoped graphene nanosheets (Mo‐rGO@PP) is efficient to promote the reversible redox reactions of polyiodides to suppress the shuttle effect, and enhance the Li affinity for the uniform Li plating/stripping. Typically, the Li symmetric battery assembled with Mo‐rGO@PP separator exhibits an ultralong lifespan of >2000 h with a low overpotential of <25 mV at 10 mA cm−2. With such a separation effect to effectively suppress the polyiodide shuttle and dendrite growth, the Li–I2 battery delivers a long cycle life of over 6000 cycles with a reversible capacity of 170 mAh g−1 at 10 C. With deep insights into the ion flux and redox regulation, this work demonstrates the promising advances via the separation effect for developing high‐performance redox batteries.
Versatile, Stable, and Scalable Gel‐Like Aerophobic Surface System (GLASS) for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Kang Yunseok , Lee Seunghyun , Han Seongsoo , Jeon Dasom , Bae Misol , Choi Yuri , Lee Dong Woog , Ryu Jungki
Published: September 2023

Facile removal of adsorbed gas bubbles from electrode surfaces is crucial to realize efficient and stable energy conversion devices based on electrochemical gas evolution reactions. Conventional studies on bubble removal have limited applicability and scalability due to their reliance on complex and energy/time‐intensive processes. In this study, a simple and versatile method is reported to fabricate large‐area superaerophobic electrodes (up to 100 cm2) for diverse gas evolution reactions using the gel‐like aerophobic surface system (GLASS). GLASS electrodes are readily and uniformly fabricated by simple spin‐coating and cross‐linking of polyallylamine on virtually any kinds of electrodes within 5 min under ambient conditions. Intrinsically hydrophilic gel overlayers with interconnected open pores allow the physical separation of bubble adhesion and catalytic active sites, reducing bubble adhesion strength, and promoting the removal of gas bubbles. As a result, GLASS electrodes exhibit greatly enhanced efficiency and stability for diverse gas evolution reactions, such as hydrogen evolution, hydrazine oxidation, and oxygen evolution reactions. This study provides deeper insights into understanding the effect of the hydrophilic microenvironment on gas evolution reactions and designing practical electrochemical devices.
Chiral Recognition: A Spin‐Driven Process in Chiral Oligothiophene. A Chiral‐Induced Spin Selectivity (CISS) Effect Manifestation
Authors: Stefani Andrea , Salzillo Tommaso , Mussini Patrizia Romana , Benincori Tiziana , Innocenti Massimo , Pasquali Luca , Jones Andrew C. , Mishra Suryakant , Fontanesi Claudio
Published: September 2023

In this paper it is experimentally demonstrated that the electron‐spin/molecular‐handedness interaction plays a fundamental role in the chiral recognition process. This conclusion is inferred comparing current versus potential (I–V) curves recorded using chiral electrode surfaces, which are obtained via chemisorption of an enantiopure thiophene derivative: 3,3′‐bibenzothiophene core functionalized with 2,2′‐bithiophene wings (BT2T4). The chiral recognition capability of these chiral‐electrodes is probed via cyclic voltammetry measurements, where, Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) capped with enantiopure BT2T4 (BT2T4@AgNP) are used as the chiral redox probe. Then, the interface handedness is explored by recording spin‐polarized I–V curves in spin‐dependent electrochemistry (SDE) and magnetic‐conductive atomic force microscopy (mc‐AFM) experiments. The quality of the interfaces is thoroughly cross‐checked using X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy, Raman, electrodesorption measurements, which further substantiate the metal(electrode)‐sulfur(thiophene) central role in the chemisorption process. Spin‐polarization values of about 15% and 30% are obtained in the case of SDE and mc‐AFM experiments, respectively.
PdCux Bimetallic Nanoalloys with “Hand‐in‐Hand” Collaboration in POD‐like Activity and “Back‐to‐Back” Confrontation in SPR Effect for Tumor Redox System Control
Authors: Fang Linyang , Zhang Yangyang , Ding He , Liu Shikai , Wei Jianye , Feng Lili , He Fei , Gai Shili , Dong Yuze , Yang Piaoping
Published: September 2023

In reactive‐oxygen‐species‐mediated tumor therapy, the generation and accumulation of ·OH is highly dependent on peroxidase (POD)‐like enzymatic activities and the antioxidant tumor microenvironment. As noble metal nanoalloys can enhance the POD‐like enzymatic activity by improving electron transfer and upgrading active sites, PdCux (x = 0.6–1.2) bimetallic nanoalloys with optimized enzymatic activity, enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency, and altered glutathione (GSH) consumption ability are synthesized by a facile co‐reduction method. The electron transfer between Pd and Cu in the PdCux nanoalloys and their new Cu+ catalytic centers contribute to a “hand‐in‐hand” collaboration in their POD‐like enzymatic activities, while their photothermal properties remain almost unchanged because of the “back‐to‐back” confrontation occurring owing to the excess Cu produced by the surface plasmon resonance effect. Moreover, the intrinsic GSH consumption of those nanoalloys and heat from their surface plasmon resonance effect tilt the tumor redox steady state. Therefore, the PdCu0.9 nanoalloy show excellent POD‐like enzymatic activity resulting from a bimetallic catalytic route, which involves electron transfer from electron‐enriched Pd to hydrogen peroxide and heat‐enhanced Cu+/Cu2+‐coupled Fenton‐like reactions. The synthesized PdCux bimetallic nanoalloys can shed light on the mechanism responsible for enhancing the POD‐like activity in nanoalloys and offer a typical model for constructing next‐generation alloy nanozymes.
Oxygen‐Induced Lattice Strain for High‐Performance Organic Transistors with Enhanced Stability
Authors: Sun Shougang , Zhu Jie , Wang Zhongwu , Huang Yinan , Hu Yongxu , Chen Xiaosong , Sun Yajing , Li Liqiang , Hu Wenping
Published: September 2023

Integrating the merits of low cost, flexibility, and large‐area processing, organic semiconductors (OSCs) are promising candidates for the next‐generation electronic materials. The mobility and stability are the key figures of merit for its practical application. However, it is greatly challenging to improve the mobility and stability simultaneously owing to the weak interactions and poor electronic coupling between OSCs molecules. Here, an oxygen‐induced lattice strain (OILS) strategy is developed to achieve OSCs with both high mobility and high stability. Utilizing the strategy, the maximum mobility of dinaphtho[2,3‐b:2′,3′‐f]thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (DNTT) organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) rises to 15.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and the contact resistance lowers to 25.5 Ω cm. Remarkably, the thermal stability of DNTT is much improved, and a record saturated power density of ≈3.4 × 104 W cm−2 is obtained. Both the experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the lattice compressive strain induced by oxygen is responsible for their high performance and stability. Furthermore, the universality of the strategy is manifested in both n‐type and p‐type small OSCs. This work provides a novel strategy to improve both the mobility and the stability of OSCs, paving the way for the practical applications of organic devices.
One‐Stop Fabrication of Flexible Sensors Based on Aqueous Printable Triboelectric Layer‐Electrode Integrated Ink with Enhanced Heat‐Resistance
Authors: Dong Haoran , Jiang Saihua , Wu Hao , Wang Yuanxin , Zhong Xiaodi , Jiang Haocheng , Qian Xiaodong , Shi Congling
Published: September 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) sensors can meet various application‐scenario requirements for their portability and sustainability. However, the multiple steps from manufacturing to assembly are generally tedious and manpower‐consuming, limiting further development of TENGs in industrialization. Herein, a printable heat‐resistant triboelectric layer‐electrode integration ink is prepared by doping MXene into Polyvinylpyrrolidone and methyl cellulose system for the first time, which is simple and environmentally friendly. And a facile method for manufacturing integrated‐forming TENG (IF‐TENG) sensors without additional electrode assembly based on 3D printing technology is reported, the resulting TENG is flexible and heat‐resistant (≤200 °C). On this basis, IF‐TENGs with simple and complex patterns are rapidly constructed without manual assembly, which can perceive different pressures and bending angles of arms efficiently in high‐temperature conditions. To improve the sensing accuracy, the prepared IF‐TENG sensors are implanted on the four main stress positions on an insole. The support vector machine (SVM) is used to process and analyze the output signals to improve the accuracy of gaits recognition. The mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.99 is obtained after parameter optimization by the GridSearch algorithm, and the recognization of various gaits achieves a high accuracy of 96.7%. This work provides an advanced fabrication strategy for TENG with low labor costs and thermal stability, demonstrating great prospects of TENG in mass manufacturing and safety motion monitoring in high‐temperature environments.
High‐Performance Synaptic Phototransistor Using A Photoactive Self‐Assembled Layer toward Ultralow Energy Consumption
Authors: Wu Ya‐Shuan , Chang Ai‐Chun , Chen Wei‐Cheng , Ercan Ender , Weng Yi‐Hsun , Lin Bi‐Hsuan , Liu Cheng‐Liang , Lin Yan‐Cheng , Chen Wen‐Chang
Published: September 2023

Artificial synapses have gained great interest in the past few years because of their importance in deep learning and image recognition. To fulfill device miniaturization and reduce the energy consumption of device operation, a series of silane‐based photoactive/conjugated self‐assembled molecules (CSAMs), including isoindigo (IID), diketopyrrolopyrrole, and benzodithiophene, are used as the charge‐trapping layers in synaptic phototransistors. The devices comprising CSAM demonstrate excellent short‐term/long‐term memory behaviors and can emulate the paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF) function. Notably, the IID‐based device shows the highest photoresponse, and this performance is highly related to the charge transfer efficiency and the photophysics lifetimes derived from the time‐resolved photoluminescence and the transient absorption characterizations. Therefore, IID produces the highest PPF ratios of 139% to blue light and 144% to green light. In addition, the energy consumption of 0.029 fJ at an operating voltage of −0.1 mV is achieved, which is the lowest value in synaptic phototransistors so far. Notably, neural networks of supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms are demonstrated in the device studied to process a pattern recognition system. Collectively, using conjugated self‐assembled materials as a charge‐trapping layer is a promising way for synaptic phototransistor applications to reduce energy consumption and fulfill the device miniaturization.
Injection Molding Plastic Solar Cells
Authors: Burgués‐Ceballos Ignasi , Pinyol‐Castillo Paula , López‐Porta Aina , Pascual Enric , Syrový Tomáš , Syrova Lucie , Josefik Frantisek , Dhuiège Benjamin , Serrano Irene , Lacharmoise Paul D. , López‐Mir Laura
Published: September 2023

While organic photovoltaics are accessing specific application sectors taking advantage of their unique properties, it is important to identify as many differentiators as possible to expand the market penetration and consolidation of this technology. In this work, for the first time, the large‐scale fabrication of organic photovoltaic modules embedded into structural plastic parts through industrial injection molding is demonstrated. Thermoplastic polyurethane is chosen as the injected material to show that this additional processing step can yield flexible, lightweight photovoltaic modules with enhanced device robustness and virtually unchanged performance. The critical optomechanical and physico‐chemical material properties, as well as the plastic processing parameters to enable in‐mold plastic solar cells with improved performance and stability, are discussed and provided with perspective.
Hydrazine‐Assisted Acidic Water Splitting Driven by Iridium Single Atoms
Authors: Luo Fang , Pan Shuyuan , Xie Yuhua , Li Chen , Yu Yingjie , Bao Haifeng , Yang Zehui
Published: September 2023

Water splitting, an efficient technology to produce purified hydrogen, normally requires high cell voltage (>1.5 V), which restricts the application of single atoms electrocatalyst in water oxidation due to the inferior stability, especially in acidic environment. Substitution of anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) effectually reduces the overall voltage. In this work, the utilization of iridium single atom (Ir‐SA/NC) as robust hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and HzOR electrocatalyst in 0.5 m H2SO4 electrolyte is reported. Mass activity of Ir‐SA/NC is as high as 37.02 A mgIr−1 at overpotential of 50 mV in HER catalysis, boosted by 127‐time than Pt/C. Besides, Ir‐SA/NC requires only 0.39 V versus RHE to attain 10 mA cm−2 in HzOR catalysis, dramatically lower than OER (1.5 V versus RHE); importantly, a superior stability is achieved in HzOR. Moreover, the mass activity at 0.5 V versus RHE is enhanced by 83‐fold than Pt/C. The in situ Raman spectroscopy investigation suggests the HzOR pathway follows *N2H4→*2NH2→*2NH→2N→*N2→N2 for Ir‐SA/NC. The hydrazine assisted water splitting demands only 0.39 V to drive, 1.25 V lower than acidic water splitting.
Spring barley yield and potential northward expansion under climate change in Canada
Authors: Jégo Guillaume , Crépeau Marianne , Jing Qi , Grant Brian , Smith Ward , Cannon Alex J. , Lafond Jean , Dyck Miles , Qian Budong
Published: September 2023

Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), being a cold‐tolerant crop, may not benefit as much from a warmer climate and a lengthening of the growing season due to climate change though its suitable production area could expand further north. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of climate change on barley yields across Canada for both current production regions and potential northern crop expansion regions in the future. Three crop models (DeNitrification and DeComposition, Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer, and Simulateur mulTIdisciplinaire pour les Cultures Standard) and 18 climate scenarios (1981–2100) were used to simulate the effect of climate change on potential (non‐water and non‐nitrogen limited) and rainfed (non‐nitrogen limited) spring barley yields for 32 locations across Canada. For the currently planted spring barley regions characterized by a humid summer in Eastern Canada (growing season precipitation >500 mm), potential and rainfed yields were projected to slightly increase in the future (<+0.2 t ha−1). In western regions where precipitation amount is lower (growing season precipitation <500 mm), changes in the potential yield varied slightly (−0.1 to +0.2 t ha−1), while the rainfed yield was projected to increase (0.2–1.0 t ha−1) mainly due to a reduction in water stress under elevated CO2. Finally, in northern regions where future expansion may occur, projected yield increases were generally large (up to 2.8 t ha−1 for potential yield), but the risk of crop failure usually remained high. Our findings suggest that future climate change will present both opportunities and regionalized risks for spring barley producers with the potential to further expand barley production northward.