bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF POWER LOSSES IN PHASES IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS AT LOAD IMBALANCE
Authors: Allaev Kakhraman Rakhimovich , Musinova Gulasalkhon Foziljon kizi
Published: July 2020

In this paper is being presented the problem of power quality in low voltage networks. Also is being considered the estimation of additional power losses caused by the asymmetry of the load in phases in distribution networks. The load imbalance in phases leads to a significant irrational increase in power losses in the power system. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the correct phasing of loads, in order to prevent significant imbalance, in order to prevent, among other things, significant excess losses in the systems.
RESEARCH ON GENDER ASPECTS IN MANAGEMENT
Authors: Mihajlova Tatiana Viktorovna , Balashkevich Inna Vyacheslavovna
Published: July 2020

The article reveals the gender aspects of leadership at the present stage of society development, which have an unconditional impact on the specifics of organization management. Gender stereotypes are considered as a set of generally accepted ideas, simplified thoughts and judgments about the role and place of women and men in society, their norms of behavior, motives and needs, which become an obstacle to changes and the state of Affairs in the field of gender relations. The research of Russian scientists on the study of gender differences in the management sphere is analyzed. To understand the impact of gender mechanisms on the organization's management system, the difference in the approach of women and men to management is identified. The characteristics and features of women's and men's leadership styles, their attitude to the staff are given. As a result of the analyzed material, the author concludes that, depending on gender, the Manager tends to choose the appropriate management style, while women managers tend to choose the democratic style, and men the authoritarian one.
CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF 36 OVARIAN DYSHERMIN OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Adenova G.A. , Abdyldaev T.A. , Sakkaraeva S.D.
Published: July 2020

This is a retrospective review of treatment results of 36 patients with ovarian dysgerminomas.
PENINGKATAN EKONOMI DESA MELALUI PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN DAN POTENSI DESA DI DESA MEKAR RAHAYU KECAMATAN MARGAASIH KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: Sudirno Dadang , Kholiq Abdul , Masduki Masduki , Dani Umar , Nahdi Dede Salim , Mulyani Hani Sri , Suparto L.
Published: July 2020

Pentingnya peranan masyarakat sebagai komponen penunjang perkembangan bangsa, membuat setiap kelompok masyarakat memiliki keharusan untuk terus berkembang. Dari beberapa kelompok masyarakat tersebut, masyarakat desa merupakan masyarakat yang paling jarang tersentuh oleh gelombang pembangunan dan pertumbuhan karena perkembangan masyarakat saat ini didominasi oleh perkembangan di perkotaan. Mahasiswa sebagai salah satu komponen dalam masyarakat dituntut untuk menjadi pihak yang menjembatani kesenjangan perkembangan tersebut. Dengan kata lain, wujud nyata yang harus dilakukan oleh mahasiswa adalah membantu masyarakat desa untuk mengembangkan kemampuan yang telah ada dalam diri masyarakat agar dapat menyokong pembangunan secara adil tanpa ada kesenjangan tingkat perkembangan antara desa dan kota.
PENGUATAN LITERASI MATEMATIKA DAN JIWA KEWIRAUSAHAAN MELALUI MATRIKULASI
Authors: Adirakasiwi Alpha Galih
Published: July 2020

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat bertujuan melalui matrikulasi ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi matematis dan jiwa kewirausahaan siswa SMK.  Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini melalui pretest, pemberian materi dan latihan soal, postest dan terakhir evaluasi kegiatan. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatnya kemampuan literasi matematis dan jiwa kewirausahaan siswa sebesar 43.72%. berdasarkan level jiwa kewirausahaan berada pada level 1 – Employee ( Littele Risk).
A dignidade da pessoa humana e sua adequação estatal no âmbito da microcefalia causada pela SCZv
Authors: Fernandes David Augusto
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho objetivou trazer à tona a necessidade de determinar as causas que impediram as pessoas portadoras de microcefalia de terem respeitado seu direito a atendimento digno por parte do Poder Público municipal, durante o período gestacional de suas mães contaminadas pelo vírus da Zika (SCZv), com fundamento no direito à dignidade da pessoa humana. A metodologia para alcançar o objeto da pesquisa foi realizada através de pesquisa bibliográfica, bem como a pesquisa de campo, visando determinar se houve ou não a implementação da lei no caso em comento, junto aos órgãos municipais de Macaé-RJ, ligados à área de saúde, entre 2015/2018. Como resultado da pesquisa, foi detectada a falta de comunicação entre os hospitais da cidade e a Vigilância Epidemiológica, inibindo o atendimento pleno para aquelas famílias possuidoras de menores com SCZv, situação que afeta seu desenvolvimento e fere a dignidade desses menores.
A comprehensive review on: Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in cancer treatment
Authors: Pal Bikash , Chattaraj Bornika , Agrawal Purnima
Published: July 2020

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells or CAR T-cell therapy is a newly discovered method that has shown great promise for the global patient population to cure cancer. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells are generally prepared by removing T-cells from the patients’ blood and modifying them using genetic engineering, to express a Chimeric Antigen Receptor on their surface. The studies done so far have shown its major effectiveness against Beta-cell malignancy, ovarian carcinoma, and lymphoblastic leukemia. The therapy can cause Cytokine Release Syndrome, neurotoxicity syndrome, tumor lysis, etc. as its major adverse event. But recent improvements in the therapy has proved that these adverse events can be effectively minimized to a great extent. The future of CAR T-cell therapy is very promising and is expected to fulfil all global regulatory requirements as well as overcome any manufacturing and toxicological obstacles and become available for a large number of populations. This review is based on the overall prospects of CAR T-cell therapy, the major toxicity related problems, and the prospect of this therapy.
手术切口感染与手术室护理管理的关系及防范措施分析
Authors: 傅 莲
Published: July 2020

目的：于手术患者中切口感染同手术室护理管理之间的关系和防范措施进行分析。方法：对2018年4月至2020年3月来我院手术的100例患者进行分组(双盲法)研究,乙组和甲组,各50例。乙组以常规手术室护理管理为主,甲组以优质手术室护理管理为主,比较患者满意度和手术切口感染率。结果：实施不同手术室护理管理后,甲组总满意度大于乙组(P＜0.05)；甲组手术切口感染率小于乙组(P＜0.05)。结论：于手术患者中,切口感染同手术室护理管理存在一定关系,实施优质手术室护理管理,可针对手术切口感染发生原因实施防范措施,而降低手术切口感染发生率,并提高患者的满意度。
中药智能产业的ABCD与区块链的关键作用
Authors: 曹 婷婷 , 王 耘
Published: July 2020

针对中药产业面临着资源高度分散、质量影响因素众多、难以实现连续自动化、需求个体差异明显等产业难题,作者团队通过信息化与中药产业的融合与应用研究,提出以人工智能-区块链-云计算-大数据(ABCD AI-Blockchain-Cloud Computing-Big Data)信息技术体系为核心的解决方案,并对相关技术方案进行了研究与探索,构建了中药智能产业技术框架。在此框架中,区块链技术对于实现企业间的合作、数据资源共享、促进中药智能产业的落地具有重要意义。
Studies on Alum as Milk Coagulating Agent in the Manufacture of Paneer – An Indian Cottage Cheese
Authors: Dwarakanath H. , Gurumoorthi P. , Jayaraj Rao K. , Pagote C.N.
Published: July 2020

Alum is a white crystalline double sulphate of aluminum and potassium that is commonly used as an astringent. Utilising its protein binding property, alum was studied as coagulating agent of milk in the preparation of paneer. Paneer is a soft variety of cottage cheese very popular in Indian sub-continent, used in various culinary dishes. Its   preparation essentially involves acid coagulation of hot milk and pressing of the hot coagulum to form a compact block which is then cooled by immersing in chilled water. Citric acid and vinegar are commonly used as coagulating agents of milk during paneer manufacture. However, when alum was used as a coagulating agent, it was observed that most of the proteins were amalgamated during coagulation process resulting in enhanced yield of paneer. It also resulted in reduced solids losses in whey. However, use of alum resulted in a slight astringency in paneer, hence it was recommended to be used in combination with common coagulant i.e. citric acid. The solids content (losses) in whey were 6.62, 6.08, and 6.32 %, respectively for citric acid, alum and citric acid + alum mixture used as coagulating agents. Similarly, the yields of paneer were 16.42, 19.04 and 16.99 %. The alum coagulated paneer looked glossy and attractive which was indicated by reflectance values of 83.75% as against 79% for control paneer sample. The paneer made by alum coagulation had slightly brittle texture.
Bottleneck Detection and Reduction Using Simulation Modeling to Reduce Overcrowding of Hospital Emergency Department
Authors: Peng Qingjin , Yang Jie , Strome Trevor , Weldon Erin , Chochinov Alecs
Published: July 2020

Overcrowding is a common problem in hospital emergency departments (EDs) where the ED service cannot meet care demands within reasonable time frames. This paper introduces a quantitative approach using computer simulation modeling for hospital decision makers to explore trade-offs between efficiency, workload and capacity of EDs. A computer simulation model is built based on the ED of a local hospital to improvement efficiency of the ED patient flow. Bottlenecks of the emergency care process are detected using the built model. The ED performance is examined by applying alternative strategies to reduce patient waiting time and length of stay. The proposed method can be applied to improve the operation efficiency of healthcare systems in the current pandemic, COVID -19.
Internal Factors Influencing the Profitability of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh
Authors: Hosen Md. Zakir
Published: July 2020

The profitability of commercial banks is influenced by a number of internal and external factors. This paper attempts to identify the internal factors which significantly influence the profitability of commercial banks in Bangladesh. In this study, profitability is measured by ROA and ROE which may be significantly influenced by the internal factors such as IRS, NIM, CAR, CR, DG, LD, CTI and SIZE of the bank. Data are collected from published annual reports during 2014--2018 of 23 commercial banks. Using simple regression model, it is found that CR has significant effect on the profitability and CAR has significant influence on ROA only. In addition to this, DG has significant effects on PCBs’ profitability (ROE only) where as IRS and CTI have significant influence on profitability (ROA only) of ICBs. Further, none of these variables have significant effects on the profitability of SCBs but CAR and CR are correlated with profitability (ROA only) and the causes may be the nature of services provided by SCBs to its clients. The internal policy makers should manage the influential internal factors of the banks in order to increase their profitability so that they can meet stakeholders’ expectations.
房屋建筑土建监理的质量控制要点及措施探讨
Authors: 徐 瑛瑛
Published: July 2020

当下，我国加大了改革开放的力度，从而推动了社会经济水平的显著提升，在这种形势下人们的生活水平得以提升。房屋建筑是我国城市化建设工作中的一项重要工作，要想对房屋建筑土建施工工作实施全面的管控，那么需要我们对施工监理工作给予重点关注，利用有效的方式方法来提升监理工作的整体水平，确保工程施工整体质量。增强房屋建筑土建监理质量控制工作的力度，最为重要的就是需要对监理工作进行全面的了解，监理工作人员不但需要拥有较强的工作责任心，并还需要具备良好的专业能力以及丰富的实践经验，制定出切实可行的工作方案，从根本上提升房屋建筑土建监理质量控制效果，推动整个房屋建筑工程行业的持续健康发展。
高层建筑主体结构施工技术要点及质量控制
Authors: 李 炳康
Published: July 2020

在社会飞速发展的带动下，使得各个行业都的得到了良好的发展和壮大，在这个过程中土地资源匮乏的问题越发的凸现出来。为了提升土地资源的利用效率，大量的高层建筑应时而生。高层建筑相对于普通建筑来说整体规模更为巨大，所以需要主体结构拥有良好的载荷能力。当下我国正在全面推进城市化建设工作的实施，高层建筑是当前人们最为关心的建筑工程项目，务必要切实的运用主体结构施工技术并且辅以良好的施工控制工作，这样才能从根本上确保高层建筑工程施工质量，提升施工效率，从而为整个高层建筑工程行业的稳定健康发展给予保障。高层建筑工程尽管能够提升土地资源的利用效率，为人们创造良好的生活环境，但是与其他普通建筑工程相对比来说，在施工过程中对施工技术的要求相对较高。高层建筑主体结构建造是高层建筑施工中的关键点，主体结构施工质量往往与高层建筑整体施工质量密切相关。所以，在组织开展高层建筑主体结构施工工作的时候，务必要切实的对施工技术加以把控，从各个细节入手对施工质量加以保证。
变频器供电对永磁电机振动噪声源的影响研究
Authors: 孟 游
Published: July 2020

永磁电机应用广泛，为我国各项生产生活带来极大便利，但在其运行工作中，由于外部因素施加影响，电机振动产生噪声，对生产环境造成不利影响。文章基于变频器的不同供电效果展开分析，对气隙磁场、电磁激振力做以详细探讨，针对不同种的供电环境下，结合案例分析做出电机振动频率、频次的相关数据，对三维声场进行有限元计算。最终得出具体结论，给永磁电机工作中的降噪处理工作提出理论支持。
电动汽车电机驱动系统设计研究
Authors: 曾 源
Published: July 2020

文章从设计要求、核心控制模块设计、功率驱动模块设计等角度入手，分析了电动汽车电机驱动系统的硬件设计策略；对电动汽车电机驱动系统的软件设计进行了分析；围绕开环试验与闭环试验两个部分，进行了电动汽车电机驱动系统的设计实验。
THE APPLICATION OF PAPERLESS AND GREEN THEORY IN NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA: A CONCEPTUAL STUDY
Authors: Mohamed Hasan Al-Banna , Mohamad Mohd Hamran , Ab Ghani Sayuti , Baker Rogis , Lamin Kamarulzaman , Mohaiyadin Norlaila Mazura , Mardzuki Khairunnisa
Published: July 2020

The green environment through electronic government is seen increasingly more useful in today’s economy and business due to its effectiveness and applicability in various fields. Paperless is the reduction of paper usage practiced by the employees in many workplaces which is an important element in national electronic government today. Despite the rapid acculturation of paperless systems in many organizations, researchers have argued that it is yet to promote and establish a paperless practice that leads to sustainable and reliable approaches especially in the working environment at the National Defense University of Malaysia (NDUM) due to high perceived profitability by the stakeholders. Evidence shows that the traditional use of the paper-based process in daily working practices leads to many weaknesses, risks, and financial burdens. This implies that it will be very important to truly embed behavioral intention (desire towards paperless practice) within a community of NDUM if individual perceptions of the use of information technology (IT) in the e-government service is the motivator factor. The paper aims to propose a study on the relationship of perceived organizational support dimensions (IT, management and peer supports) within the paperless context which is grounded by a famous theory namely Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). A literature study is used as a method to yield related findings. Thus, this paper provides a research model (conceptual) to extend the knowledge of how organizational support influences employees’ behavioral intention in practicing paperless. This study is then constructed into possible research hypotheses for future empirical researches.  The model of research will provide a beneficial guideline for strategies determination in promoting e-government services, particularly the paperless based service.
Three-dimensional co-culture model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia bone marrow microenvironment predicts patient-specific response to mobilizing agents
Authors: Federica Barbaglio  , Daniela Belloni  , Lydia Scarfò  , Francesca Vittoria Sbrana  , Maurilio Ponzoni  , Lucia Bongiovanni  , Luca Pavesi  , Desiree Zambroni  , Kostas Stamatopoulos  , Valeria R. Caiolfa  , Elisabetta Ferrero  , Paolo Ghia  , Cristina Scielzo
Published: July 2020

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) cells disseminate into supportive tissue microenvironments. To investigate the mechanisms involved in leukemic cell tissue retention we developed a 3D bone marrow (BM) microenvironment that recreates CLL - BM-stromal cells interactions inside a scaffold within a bioreactor. Our system allows the parallel analysis of CLL cells retained inside the scaffold and those released in the presence/absence of pharmacological agents, mimicking tissue and circulating cell compartments, respectively. CLL cells can be retained within the scaffold only in the presence of microenvironmental elements, which through direct contact down-regulate the expression of HS1 cytoskeletal protein in CLL cells. Consist with this, the expression of HS1 was lower in CLL cells obtained from patients' BM versus CLL cells circulating in the PB. Moreover, we demonstrate that CLL cells with inactive-HS1, impaired cytoskeletal activity and a more aggressive phenotype are more likely retained within the scaffold despite the presence of Ibrutinib, whose mobilizing effect is mainly exerted on those with active-HS1, ensuing dynamic cytoskeletal activity. This differential effect would not otherwise be assessable in a traditional 2D system and may underlie a distinctive resistance of single CLL clones. Notably, CLL cells mobilized in the peripheral blood of patients during Ibrutinib therapy exhibited activated HS1, underscoring that our model reliably mirrors the in vivo situation. The 3D model described herein is suitable to reproduce and identify critical CLL-BM interactions, opening the way to pathophysiological studies and the evaluation of novel targeted therapies in an individualized manner.
MYB bi-allelic targeting abrogates primitive clonogenic progenitors while the emergence of primitive blood cells is not affected
Authors: Zahir Shah  , Elena S. Filonenko  , Vasily Ramensky  , Chenyu Fan  , Cuihua Wang  , Hanif Ullah  , Baoyun Zhang  , Pavel Volchkov  , Igor M. Samokhvalov
Published: July 2020

MYB is a key regulator of definitive hematopoiesis and it is dispensable for the development of primitive hematopoietic cells in vertebrates. To delineate definitive versus primitive hematopoiesis during differentiation of human embryonic stem cells, we have introduced reporters into the MYB locus and inactivated the gene by bi-allelic targeting. To recapitulate the early developmental events more adequately, the mutant and wild type human embryonic stem cell lines were differentiated in defined culture conditions without the addition of hematopoietic cytokines. The differentiation of the reporter cell lines demonstrated that MYB is specifically expressed throughout emerging hematopoietic cell populations. Here we show that the disruption of the MYB gene leads to severe defects in the development and proliferation of primitive hematopoietic progenitors while the emergence of primitive blood cells is not affected. We also provide evidence that MYB is essential for neutrophil and T cell development and the upregulation of innate immunity genes during hematopoietic differentiation. Our results suggest that the endothelial origin of primitive blood cells is direct and does not include the intermediate step of primitive hematopoietic progenitors.
Impaired nodal shrinkage and apoptosis define the independent adverse outcome of NOTCH1 mutated patients under ibrutinib therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Giovanni Del Poeta  , Annalisa Biagi  , Luca Laurenti  , Annalisa Chiarenza  , Federico Pozzo  , Idanna Innocenti  , Massimiliano Postorino  , Francesca Maria Rossi  , Maria Ilaria Del Principe  , Riccardo Bomben  , Paolo de Fabritiis  , Antonio Bruno  , Maria Cantonetti  , Francesco Di Raimondo  , Antonella Zucchetto  , Valter Gattei
Published: July 2020

The introduction of agents inhibiting the BCR-associated kinases such as ibrutinib has dramatically changed treatments algorithms of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) as well as the role of different adverse prognosticators. We evaluated the efficacy of ibrutinib as single agent, in a real-life context, on 180 patients with CLL mostly pre-treated, recruited from three independent cohorts from Italy. Patients received 420 mg oral ibrutinib once daily until progression or occurrence of unacceptable side effects. Seventy-three patients discontinued ibrutinib for progression or for adverse events. NOTCH1 mutations (M) were correlated with a reduced redistribution lymphocytosis, calculated at 3 months on ibrutinib (p=0.022). Moreover, NOTCH1 mutated patients showed inferior nodal response at 6 months on ibrutinib compared to NOTCH1 wild type patients (p<0.0001). Significant shorter progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were observed in NOTCH1 mutated patients (p=0.00002 and p=0.001). Interestingly, NOTCH1 M plus lower bax/bcl-2 ratio identified a CLL subset showing the worst PFS and OS (p=0.0002 and p=0.005). In multivariate analysis of PFS and OS, NOTCH1 M were confirmed an independent prognosticator (p=0.00006 and p=0.0039). In conclusion, NOTCH1 M are strongly associated with lower bax/bcl-2 ratio, consistent with a defective apoptosis, lower redistribution lymphocytosis and lower nodal shrinkage under ibrutinib treatment, this last responsible for partial responses, subsequent relapses, shorter PFS and OS. The therapeutic options for NOTCH1 mutated patients could be represented by either new small molecules combination approaches or from antibodies targeting NOTCH1.
Dynamics of mutations in patients with essential thrombocythemia treated with imetelstat
Authors: Elisabeth Oppliger Leibundgut  , Monika Haubitz  , Bart Burington  , Oliver G. Ottmann  , Gary Spitzer  , Olatoyosi Odenike  , Michael A. McDevitt  , Alexander Röth  , David S. Snyder  , Gabriela M. Baerlocher
Published: July 2020

In a phase-2 study, the telomerase inhibitor imetelstat induced rapid hematologic responses in all patients with essential thrombocythemia who were refractory or intolerant to prior therapies. Significant molecular responses were achieved within 3-6 months in 81% of patients with phenotypic driver mutations in JAK2, CALR and MPL. Here, we investigated the dynamics of additional somatic mutations in response to imetelstat. At study entry, 50% of patients carried 1-5 additional mutations in the genes ASXL1, CBL, DNMT3A, EZH2, IDH1, SF3B1, TET2, TP53 and U2AF1. Three patients with baseline mutations also had late-emerging mutations in TP53, IDH1 and TET2. Most clones with additional mutations were responsive to imetelstat and decreased with the driver mutation, including the poor prognostic ASXL1, EZH2 and U2AF1 mutations while SF3B1 and TP53 mutations were associated with poorer molecular response. Overall, phenotypic driver mutation response was significantly deeper in patients without additional mutations (P = 0.04) and correlated with longer duration of response. In conclusion, this detailed molecular analysis of highly pretreated and partly resistant patients with essential thrombocythemia reveals a high individual patient complexity. Moreover, imetelstat demonstrates potential to inhibit efficiently co-incident mutations occurring in neoplastic clones in patients with essential thrombocythemia. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01243073. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:920-928, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1503479.)
Genetic manipulation of primary human natural killer cells to investigate the functional and oncogenic roles of PRDM1
Authors: Gehong Dong  , Yuping Li  , Logan Lee  , Xuxiang Liu  , Yunfei Shi  , Xiaoqian Liu  , Alyssa Bouska  , Qiang Gong  , Lingbo Kong  , Jinhui Wang  , Chih-Hong Lou  , Timothy W. McKeithan  , Javeed Iqbal  , Wing C. Chan
Published: July 2020

Extra-nodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTCL) is a highly aggressive lymphoma, where the tumor suppressor gene (TSG) PRDM1 is frequently lost/inactivated. We employed two different CRISPR/Cas9 approaches to generate PRDM1-/- primary NK cells to study its role in NK-cell homeostasis. PRDM1-/- NK cells showed a marked increase in cloning efficiency, higher proliferation rate and less apoptosis compared with their wild type counterparts. Gene expression profiling demonstrated a marked enrichment in pathways associated with proliferation, cell cycle, MYC, MYB and TCR/NK signaling in PRDM1-/- NK cells, but pathways associated with normal cellular functions including cytotoxic functions were down-regulated, suggesting that the loss of PRDM1 shifted NK cells toward proliferation and survival rather than the performance of its normal functions. We were also able to further modify a PRDM1 deleted clone to introduce heterozygous deletions of common TSG in ENKTCL such as TP53, DDX3X, or PTPN6. We have established an in vitro model to elucidate the major pathways through which PRDM1 mediates its homeostatic control of NK-cells. This approach can be applied to the study of other relevant genetic lesions and oncogenic collaborations in lymphoma pathogenesis.
Effect of HBB genotype on survival in a cohort of transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients in Cyprus
Authors: Petros Kountouris  , Kyriaki Michailidou  , Soteroula Christou  , Michael Hadjigavriel  , Maria Sitarou  , Anita Kolnagou  , Marina Kleanthous  , Paul Telfer
Published: July 2020

Initiation of regular transfusion in transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) is based on the assessment of clinical phenotype. Pathogenic HBB variants causing β-thalassemia are important determinants of phenotype and could be used to aid decision making. We investigated the association of HBB genotype with survival in a cohort study in the four thalassemia centres in Cyprus. HBB genotype was classified as severe (β0/β0 or β+/β0), moderate (β+/β+), or mild (β0/β++ or β+/β++). Risk factors for mortality were evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression.
537 subjects were followed for a total of 20,963 person years. 80.4% (95% CI 76.4-84.7) of individuals survived to 50 years of age with increasing rates of liver, infection and malignancy-related deaths observed during recent follow-up. We evaluated non-modifiable risk factors and found worse outcomes associated with male sex (Hazard ratio 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.0, p=0.01) and milder genotype (Hazard ratio 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3, p=0.02). The effect of genotype was confirmed in a second model, which included treatment effects. Patients with a milder genotype initiated transfusion significantly later and had reduced blood requirements compared to those with moderate or severe genotypes, although pre-transfusion hemoglobin levels did not differ between genotypes. Our results suggest that early treatment decisions to delay transfusion and different long-term treatment strategies in milder genotypes have led to adverse long-term effects of under-treated thalassemia and worse survival. We propose that HBB genotype determination and use of this information to aid in decision making can improve long-term outcomes of thalassaemia patients.
Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization for Cold Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Biswas PS , Khatun H , Anisuzzaman M
Published: July 2020

Cold stress affects growth and development of rice plants from germination to reproductive stages. Thirty breeding lines/varieties including tolerant and susceptible check varieties were evaluated for cold tolerance at seedling and reproductive stage using artificially induced low temperature situations to understand the genetic relationship among them and to identify promising donors for cold tolerance. Three breeding lines, BR8253-9-3-4-3, IR77497-31-2-3-1and IR2266-42-6-2 demonstrated higher cold tolerance for the seedling stage (LD score <3.0). Molecular analysis revealed 68% genetic similarity among the genotypes. On average 64% of the breeding lines shared common alleles at any given locus ranging from 27% (RM22870) to 97% (RM186). UPGMA dendrogram showed that majority of the breeding lines showing 4-5 degrees of LD were grouped together. Two breeding lines, BR8258-7-1-5-2B2 and BR8258-7-1-5-2B3 having 86% common alleles showed low leaf discoloration (LD: 4) at seedling stage coupled with relatively low reduction in spikelet fertility (45.8% and 48.1%) and grain yield (43.3% and 39.1%). The gene diversity and PIC value revealed that seven SSR loci (RM1282, RM600, RM5349, RM6972, RM5847, RM5911, and RM511) might be the best markers to differentiate between tolerant and susceptible genotypes at reproductive stage. The breeding lines with tolerance to cold stress at the seedling and the reproductive stages identified from this study, and the SSR markers mentioned above could be useful for developing cold tolerance rice.

Bangladesh Rice j. 2019, 23(2): 1-15
Agroclimatic Indices of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Influenced by Different Planting Times
Authors: Sultana A , Shaikh NY , Zahan MS , Akter R , Islam SA , Issak M
Published: July 2020

Meteorological variables have an important role in rice production. Considering this study was carried out in Aman season of 2016 at the research field of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur. The research was conducted in order to investigate the effects of planting time on various agrometeorological indices viz., accumulated growing degree days (GDD), heliothermal units (HTU), photo thermal units (PTU), and heat use efficiency (HUE) the yield of advanced/variety grown under different time of transplanting in the Gazipur climatic zone (AEZ, 28). The research was conducted as a split plot using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. In this research, three planting times (1st Aug, 16th Aug, and 31th Aug) and the Advanced lines/varieties BR (Bio) 9786-BC2-119-1-1, BR (Bio) 9786-BC2-132-1-3 and BRRI dhan49 (check variety) were used in the experiment. The results showed that planting time significantly affected on grain yield. Among the genotypes, BR (Bio) 9786-BC2-119-1-1 and BR (Bio) 9786-BC2-132-1-3 produced significantly higher grain yield than check variety BRRI dhan49 in all the planting times. The variety (BRRI dhan49), transplanted at the first August, took maximum calendar days (136 days) to attain different phenological stages till physiological maturity coupled with highest growing degree days (2420 degree day) for maturity, lowest heat use efficiency (2.25 kg ha-1 c-1 day-1), highest heliothermal units (15141.01 degree day hours) and lowest photothermal units (29678.81 degree day hours) resulting lower yield. Among the advanced lines the line BR (Bio) 9786-BC2-119-1-1 took higher calendar day (134 days) to attain different phenological stages till physiological maturity coupled with higher growing degree days (2393 degree day) for maturity, heat use efficiency (2.76 kg ha-1 c-1 day-1), heliothermal units (13759.75 degree day hours) and photothermal units (30112.51 degree day hours) resulting higher yield. Taken together, the results indicate that the advanced line, BR (Bio) 9786-BC2-119-1-1, could be select as a best advanced line to release as a variety due to its higher grain yield.

Bangladesh Rice j. 2019, 23(2): 87-94
Common Drugs Abused by The Drug Addicted Young People in Dhaka City
Authors: Rahman Farial Naima , Ahmad Mushtaq , Rahman Md Zubaidur , Mohammad Ali -
Published: July 2020

Background: Drug addiction is a burning problem in Bangladesh affecting a majority of population especially the youths. Multiple drug use has aggravated the overall situation affecting our personal, economical, social life and impairing health status.

Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the variety of common drugs used by drug addicted young population in Dhaka City.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was performed during July 2016 to December 2016 at five drug addiction treatment and rehabilitation centre in Dhaka. A total of 57 habitual drug addicted young people aged 15 to 24 years were selected by purposive and convenient method of sampling. The primary data was collected by repeated visit to centers and face to face interview with addicts and their family members using a pre tested semi structured questionnaire containing both closed and open ended query. Collected data were compiled and analyzed.

Results: Most 45(78.95%) of the drug addicted were male and among them 12(21.05%) belonged to age group 15-17 years. Considering occupation, majority were students 14(24.56%) followed by unemployed 12(21.05%). Thirty five (61.40%) were the lone earning member of the family. Thirty seven (75.51%) collected money for drug from family members and stealing from house followed by criminal activities 26(53.06%). Majority of the addicts (85.96%) started taking drugs after being influenced by friends. Causes of drug addiction included unemployment 12(21.05%) followed by peer pressure 9(15.79%). The commonly used drugs included-Barbiturates/Sedatives 32(56.14%), Yaba 28(49.12%), Toluene/Aica 22(38.59%).

Conclusion: The dangers of drug addiction have affected all class population of our country. Preventive measures for drug smuggling and addiction are needed to be taken. More drug addiction treatment and rehabilitation centres are required to combat present situation.

KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-2, July 2020, Page 73-76
Persepsi Perawat sebagai Edukator Berhubungan dengan Implementasi Discharge Planning
Authors: Pakpahan Martina , Rangga Fransiska Denata , Vasquien Sandra , Octaria Martha
Published: July 2020

Perawat sebagai edukator berperan penting dalam implementasi discharge planning (perencanaan pulang). Implementasi Discharge planning yang tidak optimal dapat meningkatkan lama rawat, angka rawat ulang, dan pembiayaan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan persepsi perawat sebagai edukator terhadap implementasi Discharge Planning oleh perawat. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah total sampling dengan jumlah responden adalah 43 orang perawat  di ruang rawat inap di satu Rumah Sakit Swasta Indonesia Bagian Tengah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan melakukan observasi. Analisa data dalam bentuk univariat dan bivariat. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square. Pada analisis univariat didapatkan sebesar 40 (93,02%)  responden  memiliki persepsi negatif dan sebesar 36 (83,72%) responden  tidak melaksanakan discharge planning sesuai standar prosedur operasional. Pada analisis bivariat didapatkan adanya hubungan antara persepsi perawat sebagai edukator dengan implementasi discharge planning oleh perawat di Rumah Sakit Swasta Indonesia Bagian Tengah ( p value  0,001).  Rumah sakit dapat membangun persepsi positif perawat sebagai edukator melalui pelatihan dan pendampingan dalam melaksanakan discharge planning sesuai standar. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat meneliti hubungan variabel lainnya terhadap implementasi discharge planning.
Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Keterampilan Masyarakat dalam Pencegahan COVID-19 di DKI Jakarta
Authors: Utami Ressa Andriyani , Mose Ria Efkelin , Martini Martini
Published: July 2020

Penyakit virus Corona 2019 (COVID-19) telah ditetapkan sebagai pandemik global oleh WHO, penyakit ini disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2. Program penatalaksanaan yang telah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia adalah Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) dan sekarang adalah Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru (AKB) atau new normal. Upaya ini dilakukan untuk mengurangi penyebaran COVID-19. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku masyarakat provinsi DKI Jakarta terhadap pencegahan penularan SARS-CoV-2. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif, mendistribusikan pertanyaan tertutup dalam kuesioner online secara acak ke 5 Kota di Provinsi DKI Jakarta melalui jaringan media sosial. Responden penelitian ini berjumlah 1021. Data dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif dengan menghitung frekuensi, persentase, dan tabulasi silang. Penelitian menunjukkan 83% memiliki pengetahuan yang baik, 70,7% sikap yang baik dan 70,3% keterampilan yang baik dalam pencegahan COVID 19. Perlu upaya promosi kesehatan dan pemantauan lapangan yang ketat dan masif di masyarakat agar pandemik ini segera berakhir.
Predisposição à eventos adversos em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Nascimento Káren Maria Borges , Carvalho Rhanna Emanuela Fontenele Lima de , Girão Ana Lívia Araújo , Freitas Gislene Holanda de
Published: July 2020

Este estudo objetivou identificar a predisposição à ocorrência de eventos adversos em unidades de terapia intensiva. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem quantitativa, transversal, do tipo survey. O estudo foi realizado no Centro de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital de referência do estado do Ceará. A população do estudo foi composta pelos enfermeiros que atuavam na assistência das três UTI adulto. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um instrumento que avalia a predisposição da unidade à eventos adversos por meio da percepção de enfermeiros. O domínio Estrutura obteve uma média percepção de aspectos que podem predispor a ocorrência de eventos adversos. Já o domínio Processo obteve uma baixa percepção de aspectos que podem predispor a ocorrência de eventos adversos. Espera-se que em ambos os domínios obtenham uma baixa percepção de aspectos que possam predispor à ocorrência de eventos adversos. A assistência encontra-se comprometida quanto ao domínio Estrutura, tendo como destaque algumas fragilidades específicas, como a capacitação continuada da equipe de enfermagem, que deve ser reforçada, assim como é necessário a comissão de educação continuada se fazer presente no ambiente da assistência, principalmente no CTI. Quanto aos aspectos de processo presentes na assistência, de um modo geral, os enfermeiros mostraram uma baixa percepção da presença de tais aspectos que pudessem predispor à ocorrência de eventos adversos. Desta forma, deve-se fortalecer aspectos de processo.
Machine Learning-Guided Dual Heuristics and New Lower Bounds for the Refueling and Maintenance Planning Problem of Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Dupin Nicolas , Talbi El-Ghazali
Published: July 2020

This paper studies the hybridization of Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) with dual heuristics and machine learning techniques, to provide dual bounds for a large scale optimization problem from an industrial application. The case study is the EURO/ROADEF Challenge 2010, to optimize the refueling and maintenance planning of nuclear power plants. Several MIP relaxations are presented to provide dual bounds computing smaller MIPs than the original problem. It is proven how to get dual bounds with scenario decomposition in the different 2-stage programming MILP formulations, with a selection of scenario guided by machine learning techniques. Several sets of dual bounds are computable, improving significantly the former best dual bounds of the literature and justifying the quality of the best primal solution known.
Lifetime Considerations for Electrospray Thrusters
Authors: Thuppul Anirudh , Wright Peter L. , Collins Adam L. , Ziemer John K. , Wirz Richard E.
Published: July 2020

Ionic liquid electrospray thrusters are capable of producing microNewton precision thrust at a high thrust–power ratio but have yet to demonstrate lifetimes that are suitable for most missions. Accumulation of propellant on the extractor and accelerator grids is thought to be the most significant life-limiting mechanism. In this study, we developed a life model to examine the effects of design features, operating conditions, and emission properties on the porous accelerator grid saturation time of a thruster operating in droplet emission mode. Characterizing a range of geometries and operating conditions revealed that modifying grid aperture radius and grid spacing by 3–7% can significantly improve thruster lifetime by 200–400%, though a need for explicit mass flux measurement was highlighted. Tolerance analysis showed that misalignment can result in 20–50% lifetime reduction. In addition, examining the impact of electron backstreaming showed that increasing aperture radius produces a significant increase in backstreaming current compared to changing grid spacing. A study of accelerator grid bias voltages revealed that applying a reasonably strong accelerator grid potential (in the order of a kV) can minimize backstreaming current to negligible levels for a range of geometries.
Impact of Coherent Laser Irradiation on Germination and Mycoflora of Soybean Seeds—Innovative and Prospective Seed Quality Management
Authors: Klimek-Kopyra Agnieszka , Dłużniewska Joanna , Ślizowska Anna , Dobrowolski Jan Wincenty
Published: July 2020

Laser irradiation is considered a new technology in agriculture; however, the success of irradiation depends on the selection of precise parameters for the light source and exposure. In this study, the impact of laser stimulation on germination and the occurrence of mycoflora in soybean seeds was assessed. The following factors were considered: (1) irradiation using blue and red coherent lights, (2) irradiation of seeds only (a), use of Bradyrhzobium japonicum vaccine only (b), and irradiation of the seeds plus the Bradyrhzobium japonicum vaccine (c). The germination index, seedling weight and seeds infected by fungus were determined. It was found that the laser treatment of seeds increased germination and seedling weight. Laser irradiation affected the abundance of species Phoma glomerata, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizopus nigricans and Gliocladium roseum. The use of blue laser (LB—514 nm) reduced the number of the non-pathogenic species, R. nigricans and G. roseum.
Influence of Rice Husk Biochar and Compost Amendments on Salt Contents and Hydraulic Properties of Soil and Rice Yield in Salt-Affected Fields
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Thi Kim , Khoi Chau Minh , Ritz Karl , Linh Tran Ba , Minh Dang Duy , Duc Tran Anh , Sinh Nguyen Van , Linh Thi Tu , Toyota Koki
Published: July 2020

Soil salinity may damage crop production. Besides proper management of irrigation water, salinity reduction can be achieved through soil amendment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of rice husk biochar and compost amendments on alleviation of salinity and rice growth. Field experiments were conducted at two salt-affected paddy rice fields located in distinct sites for five continuous crops. Treatments, with four replicates, consisted of continuous three rice crops per year (RRR), two rice crops rotated with fallow in spring–summer crop (FRR), FRR plus compost at 3 Mg ha−1 crop−1 (FRR + Comp), and biochar at 10 Mg ha−1 crop−1 (FRR + BC). Salt contents and hydraulic properties of soils, plant biomass, and plant uptake of cations were investigated. Soil bulk density (BD), exchangeable sodium (Na+), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were reduced remarkably by biochar application. Biochar application significantly increased other soil properties including total porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), soluble and exchangeable potassium (K+), K+/Na+ ratio, available P, and total C. Compost application also improved BD, total porosity, and available P, but not exchangeable Na+ and ESP. Total aboveground biomass of rice showed a trend of FRR + BC > FRR + Comp > FRR > RRR. Relatively higher K+ uptake and lower Na+ uptake in rice straw in FRR + BC resulted in a significant two times higher K+/Na+ ratio over other treatments. Our results highlight that biochar amendment is a beneficial option for reducing ESP and providing available K+ and P under salinity-affected P-deficient conditions, hence improving straw biomass.
Maintenance of Photosynthesis as Leaves Age Improves Whole Plant Water Use Efficiency in an Australian Wheat Cultivar
Authors: Kretzler Bailey , Rodrigues Gabriel Sales Cristina , Karady Michal , Carmo-Silva Elizabete , Dodd Ian C.
Published: July 2020

Leaf-level water use efficiency (WUEi) is often used to predict whole plant water use efficiency (WUEwp), however these measures rarely correlate. A better understanding of the underlying physiological relationship between WUEi and WUEwp would enable efficient phenotyping of this important plant trait to inform future crop breeding efforts. Although WUEi varies across leaf age and position, less is understood about the regulatory mechanisms. WUEi and WUEwp were determined in Australian (cv. Krichauff) and UK (cv. Gatsby) wheat cultivars. Leaf gas exchange was measured as leaves aged and evaluated in relation to foliar abscisic acid (ABA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) concentration, chlorophyll content and Rubisco activity. Carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation (A) declined more rapidly as leaves aged in the lower WUEwp genotype Gatsby. Both ACC concentration and Rubisco activity declined as leaves aged, but neither explained the variation in A. Further, stomatal conductance (gs) and stomatal sensitivity to ABA were unchanged as leaves aged, therefore WUEi was lowest in Gatsby. Maintenance of A as the leaves aged in the Australian cultivar Krichauff enabled greater biomass production even as water loss continued similarly in both genotypes, resulting in higher WUEwp.
Morphological and Immunohistochemical Examination of Lymphoproliferative Lesions Caused by Marek’s Disease Virus in Breeder Chickens
Authors: Stamilla Alessandro , Messina Antonino , Condorelli Lucia , Licitra Francesca , Antoci Francesco , Lanza Massimiliano , Loria Guido Ruggero , Cascone Giuseppe , Puleio Roberto
Published: July 2020

Marek’s disease is widely controlled by vaccination programs; however, chickens are not totally protected, especially immediately after the vaccination when a strong challenge could interfere with the effectiveness of vaccination in the absence of proper biosecurity practice. This case report describes the occurrence of Marek’s disease (MD) observed in a breeder chicken flock reared southeast of Sicily. MD outbreak occurred from 32 to 47 weeks with an increase in weekly mortality rate (+0.4–0.6%). Overall, mortality rate related to Marek’s disease was about 6% at the end of the cycle. Carcasses of chickens found during the occurrence of disease underwent necropsy, and tissues were collected to confirm the infection. Gizzard, cecal tonsil, intestine, spleen and tumor mass were collected and analyzed from a carcass of one hen, 32 weeks old and apparently asymptomatic. Multiplex real-time PCR performed on spleen tissues detected the presence of MD virus pathogenic strain. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of the rest of the samples confirmed the neoplastic disease. Moreover, the immunophenotype of the tumor cells was identified as CD3 positive by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The vaccinated flock had become rapidly infected with the MD virus, which proves that the challenge of the MD virus was too strong in the rearing house at the beginning of the cycle, causing the outbreak.
Captive Dwarf and Mouse Lemurs Have Variable Fur Growth
Authors: Crowley Brooke Erin
Published: July 2020

Researchers typically assume constant fur and hair growth for primates, but the few studies that have investigated growth explicitly suggest this may not be the case. Instead, growth may vary considerably among individuals and across seasons. One might expect this variability to be most pronounced for species that have seasonally variable activity patterns (e.g., Madagascar’s Cheiorogaleidae). In particular, dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus spp.) undergo considerable changes in their daily activity levels (torpor) in the austral fall, when nights get shorter. I monitored regrowth of shaved fur patches for eight adult captive fat-tailed dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus medius) and gray mouse lemurs (Microcebusmurinus) on a bi-weekly basis for 21 months in total. Regrowth varied considerably both within and among individuals. Overall, fur regrew in spurts and was faster for mouse lemurs (0–14 to 215–229 days) than dwarf lemurs (27–40 to 313–327 days). There were significant differences between species and an obvious influence of season for dwarf lemurs, but no clear influence of shave location, age, or sex. Similar trends have been previously reported for captive lemurids, suggesting that seasonal fur growth may be widespread across Lemuroidea. Researchers are cautioned against using primate fur or hair to investigate variables confounded by seasonality (such as diet and body condition) until patterns of growth are better understood.
The Stomach Capacity is Reduced in Intrauterine Growth Restricted Piglets Compared to Normal Piglets
Authors: Lynegaard Julie C. , Hales Janni , Nielsen Marlene N. , Hansen Christian F. , Amdi Charlotte
Published: July 2020

Selection for increased litter sizes have decreased the average birth weight of piglets and up to 30% of newborn piglets in Danish herds show signs of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). It has been reported that around 48% of liveborn piglets dying between birth and weaning have empty stomachs, and that IUGR piglets do not ingest the recommended amount of colostrum to survive. The aim of this study was to investigate how much colostrum could be administrated depending on whether they were IUGR compared to normal piglets. Seventy-two piglets within 24 h of farrowing were classified as either IUGR or normal based on their head morphology. Stomach weight, length and capacity were measured along with bodyweight (BW). The results displayed a decreased BW, empty stomach weight and capacity in IUGR piglets, as well as a decreased relative stomach capacity in IUGR compared with normal piglets. In conclusion, birth weight is not the only factor influencing stomach capacity, and IUGR piglets have a smaller stomach capacity compared with normal piglets. It is estimated that IUGR piglets have the capacity to be given a bolus of 25 mL per kg/BW, whereas a normal piglet have a higher capacity (30 mL per kg/BW).