bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnicity Coding Revisited: Right‐Wing Parties as Catalysts for Mobilization Against Immigrant Welfare Rights
Authors: Arndt Christoph , Thomsen Jens Peter Frølund
Published: June 2019

Ethnicity coding means that threat‐based views of ethnic minority members spur opposition to specific welfare programmes. To advance knowledge of the influence of political parties on ethnicity coding, we apply a dynamic approach. Longitudinal analyses show that: a) because right‐wing political parties persistently frame state pensions as benefitting native majority members, a perceived ethnic threat increases support for this welfare scheme, and b) a perceived ethnic threat reduces support for social assistance when right‐wing political parties frame it as favouring immigrants. Extending these findings, we show that opposition to immigrant welfare rights prompts electoral realignment, as left‐wing voters increasingly switch to right‐wing parties. More generally, political parties are capable of stimulating opposition to parts of the welfare state, including electoral mobilization against immigrant welfare rights. We utilize unusually rich mass‐level survey data from Denmark, covering a 25‐year period (1990‒2015). The broader implications of our findings for theories of ethnicity coding, political elite persuasion, and welfare state development are discussed in the conclusion.
Religious Freedom and Religious Antidiscrimination
Authors: Trispiotis Ilias
Published: June 2019

This article develops a theoretical framework that prompts a new understanding of the role of religious freedom and religious antidiscrimination in human rights law. Proceeding from the prevailing theoretical and doctrinal uncertainty over the relationship between the two rights, which are currently seen as either synonymous or as distinct and in competition, the article develops an account of the moral right to ethical independence and argues that religious freedom and religious antidiscrimination share their main normative basis on that moral right. However, religious freedom and religious antidiscrimination have different emphasis, and both are essential to secure fair background circumstances for the pursuit of different individual plans of life. The proposed framework illuminates the relationship of individual and collective aspects of religious freedom with discrimination law. The analysis has crucial implications for human rights interpretation in cases involving state interference with liberty, in relation to religion or belief, and more broadly.
Campgrounds as service hubs for the marginally housed
Authors: Kearns Robin , Collins Damian , Bates Laura , Serjeant Elliott
Published: June 2019

The service hub concept is strongly associated with deprived areas of North American inner cities, where agglomerations of low‐cost housing and service providers form a space of survival for marginalised populations. In this paper, we contend that service hubs can take other forms, including as small‐scale sites of housing and service provision, informally networked across an urban region. We develop this argument with reference to suburban campgrounds in Auckland, New Zealand—a city experiencing a severe housing affordability crisis. Both individually and collectively, campgrounds enable vulnerable households, as well as tourists, to inhabit an increasingly exclusionary urban environment. Drawing on interviews with 24 resident campers and eight managers, we highlight the role of campgrounds in supporting residents through the provision of informal housing and on‐site services. This provision also benefits the facilities' owners and managers, by creating a year‐round rental income stream. We find that campgrounds are critically important for those whose lives are rendered precarious by the housing market.
Elizabeth Sheridan's Post‐Celebrity
Authors: Jones Robert W.
Published: June 2019

This article explores the post‐celebrity career of Elizabeth Sheridan, revealing her involvement in politics and scandal, alongside her experiences of disease, disaster and disappointment. Rather than become merely the object of distant adoration after her marriage, Sheridan entered into ‘secret service' for the Whigs. While her activities are significant, the article focuses on Sheridan's tactical appropriation of ‘privacy'. It was by claiming to be private that Sheridan justified her diverse endeavours. Her dextrous self‐presentation reveals not just the critical importance of privacy but also the ways in which it was deployed within the competing cultures of celebrity and Whig politics.
Automatic detection of vessel signatures in audio recordings with spectral amplitude variation signature
Authors: Reis Clausius D. G. , Padovese Linilson Rodrigues , de Oliveira Maria C. F.
Published: June 2019

Sound emissions by ships and boats can strongly impact marine life, with potential to affect communications, breeding and prey and predator relationships. Automatic detection of boat signatures in underwater audio recordings is thus an important task. Automated solutions are particularly relevant for monitoring preservation areas where the presence of watercrafts is usually regulated. The task is particularly challenging because it requires distinguishing multiple overlapping acoustic events in typically noisy audio recordings.

In this paper, we introduce an algorithm for boat and ship detection which computes an acoustic signature that captures the variance in the frequency amplitudes observed over the duration of the signal.

We evaluated the algorithm on a database of underwater recordings collected at two conservation areas in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, with very good results, and also compared it with an existing solution.

Besides being effective, the algorithm requires limited user input and no parameter fine tuning to handle diverse situations. It thus provides a solution to automate the detection of vessels, with potential applications for monitoring marine preservation areas.
Editorial: reciprocal interaction between HCV direct‐acting anti‐virals (DAA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)—a negative impact of HCC on sustained virologic response not of DAA on HCC
Authors: Hollande Clémence , Pol Stanislas
Published: June 2019

Linked Content

This article is linked to Mecci et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15296.
The technology and production of glazed ceramics from Middle Islamic Jerash, Jordan
Authors: Ting C. , Lichtenberger A. , Raja R.
Published: June 2019

Jerash in northern Jordan was, despite a focus on its classical heritage, also active in the Middle Islamic period, but little is known about actual developments during this period. This study represents the first study on the Middle Islamic glazed pottery from the site using scanning electron microscopy energy‐dispersive spectrometry (SEM‐EDS) and thin‐section petrography. The results show that two production traditions existed, each with different provenances. The local production is characterized by a non‐calcareous ceramic body and the use of a high‐lead glaze coloured with iron and copper oxides, whereas the turquoise‐glazed samples, likely imported from Mesopotamia, have a calcareous ceramic body and alkali or alkali‐lead glaze.
Association of gene mutations with time‐to‐first treatment in 384 treatment‐naive chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients
Authors: Hu Boyu , Patel Keyur P. , Chen Hsiang‐Chun , Wang Xuemei , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Routbort Mark J. , Kanagal‐Shamanna Rashmi , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Yin C. Cameron , Zuo Zhuang , Ok Chi Y. , Loghavi Sanam , Tang Guilin , Tambaro Francesco P. , Thompson Philip , Burger Jan , Jain Nitin , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Bose Prithviraj , Estrov Zeev , Keating Michael , Wierda William G.
Published: June 2019

This study correlated somatic mutation results and known prognostic factors with time‐to‐first treatment (TTFT) in 384 treatment‐naïve (TN) chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients to help determine disease‐specific drivers of early untreated CLL. CLL DNA from either peripheral blood or bone marrow underwent next generation targeted sequencing with a 29‐gene panel. Gene mutation data and concurrent clinical characteristics, such as Rai/Binet stage, fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), ZAP70/CD38, karyotype and IGHV mutation, status were analysed in univariable and multivariable analyses to identify associations with TTFT. TTFT was defined as time from diagnosis to initial treatment. In univariable analyses, mutated ATM (P < 0·001), NOTCH1 (P < 0·001) and SF3B1 (P = 0·002) as well as unmutated IGHV (P < 0·001), del(11q) (P < 0·001) and trisomy 12 (P < 0·001) by hierarchal FISH and advanced Rai (P = 0·05) and Binet (P < 0·001) stages were associated with shorter TTFT. Importantly, del(17p), mutated TP53 and complex karyotype were not associated with shorter TTFT. In a reduced multivariable analysis, mutated ATM (P < 0·001) and unmutated IGHV status (P < 0·001) remained significant, showing their importance in early leukaemogenesis. High‐risk prognostic markers such as del(17p), mutated TP53 and complex karyotype, were not correlated with TTFT, suggesting that these abnormalities have limited roles in early disease progression but are more important in relapsed CLL.
Attachment disorders diagnosed by community practitioners: a replication and extension
Authors: Allen Brian , Schuengel Carlo
Published: June 2019

Background

While considered a rare diagnosis, reactive attachment disorder (RAD) is simultaneously the subject of considerable debate. A recent report suggested that RAD is overdiagnosed in community settings and that conduct problems may be used to make a diagnosis of RAD (Woolgar & Baldock, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 20, 2015, 34–40). This study seeks to replicate and extend these findings.

Method

Clinical assessment data from 100 consecutive admissions of maltreated foster and adopted children (ages 3–17) to a specialty treatment clinic in the United States were reviewed. Measures included semi‐structured interviews of RAD and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) symptoms and caregiver‐report questionnaires of emotional problems, conduct problems, and the quality of the parent–child relationship.

Results

Of the 100 cases reviewed, 39 presented with a diagnostic history of RAD, DSED, or ‘attachment disorder’. Of these cases, three were diagnosed in‐clinic with DSED; no cases met diagnostic criteria for RAD according to DSM‐5 criteria. However, analyses found that those diagnosed with RAD by community‐based clinicians were significantly more likely to display conduct problems and to be adopted (as opposed to in foster care).

Conclusions

These findings confirm those of Woolgar and Baldock (Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 20, 2015, 34–40). It appears that the diagnostic criteria of RAD are commonly being inaccurately applied in general community‐based practice. Clarification of diagnostic criteria for RAD in recent revisions of diagnostic taxonomies, the accumulation of empirical data on RAD, and improved instrumentation are either poorly disseminated or inadequately implemented in community‐based practice settings.
Parents Influence the Visual Learning Environment Through Children's Manual Actions
Authors: McQuillan Maureen E. , Smith Linda B. , Yu Chen , Bates John E.
Published: June 2019

The present research studied children in the second year of life (N = 29, Mage = 21.14 months, SD = 2.64 months) using experimental manipulations within and between subjects to show that responsive parental influence helps children have more frequent sustained object holds with fewer switches between objects compared to when parents are either not involved or over‐involved. Regardless of parental involvement, sustained holds were visually rich, based on the size, centeredness, and dominance of the held object relative to other objects. These findings are important because they suggest not only that the child's body creates visually rich scenes across play contexts but also that a responsive parent can increase the frequency of these visually rich and informative moments.
Does intra‐operative flexible endoscopy reduce anastomotic complications following left‐sided colonic resections? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Aly M. , O'Brien J. W. , Clark F. , Kapur S. , Stearns A. T. , Shaikh I.
Published: June 2019

Aim

Postoperative anastomotic leakage (AL) or bleeding (AB) significantly impacts on patient outcome following colorectal resection. To minimize such complications, surgeons can utilize different techniques perioperatively to assess anastomotic integrity. We aim to assess published anastomotic complication rates following left‐sided colonic resection, comparing the use of intra‐operative flexible endoscopy (FE) against conventional tests used to assess anastomotic integrity.

Methods

PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase online databases were searched for non‐randomized and randomized case–control studies that investigated postoperative AL and/or AB rates in left‐sided colonic resections, comparing intra‐operative FE against conventional tests. Data from eligible studies were pooled, and a meta‐analysis using Review Manager 5.3 software was performed to assess for differences in AL and AB rates.

Results

Data from six studies were analysed to assess the impact of FE on postoperative AL and AB rates (1084 and 751 patients respectively). Use of FE was associated with reduced postoperative AL and AB rates, from 6.9% to 3.5% and 5.8% to 2.4% respectively. Odds ratios favoured intra‐operative FE: 0.37 (95% CI 0.21–0.68, P = 0.001) for AL and 0.35 (95% CI 0.15–0.82, P = 0.02) for AB.

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis showed that the use of intra‐operative FE is associated with a reduced rate of postoperative AL and AB, compared to conventional anastomotic testing methods.
Leveraging conservation action with open‐source hardware
Authors: Hill Andrew P. , Davies Alasdair , Prince Peter , Snaddon Jake L. , Doncaster C. Patrick , Rogers Alex
Published: June 2019

Data collection by conservation biologists is undergoing radical change, with researchers collaborating across disciplines to create bespoke, low‐cost monitoring equipment from open‐source hardware (OSH). Compared to commercial hardware, OSH dramatically reduces participation costs. Four barriers currently hold back its wide adoption: (1) user inexperience inhibits initial uptake; (2) complex and costly manufacturing/distribution procedures impede global dissemination; (3) lack of creator support results in lapsed projects; and (4) lack of user support degrades continued utility in the field. Here, we propose a framework to address these barriers, illustrating how OSH offers a route to rapid expansion of community‐driven conservation action.
Headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the detection of volatile organic compounds released from Ganoderma boninense and oil palm wood
Authors: Zainol Hilmi Nur Hailini , Idris Abu Seman , Mohd Azmil Mohd Noor
Published: June 2019

Basal stem rot disease caused by the white‐rot fungus Ganoderma boninense is a major threat to the oil palm industry, and hence, the ability to detect infections at an early stage of development is desired. In this study, a headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) method coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) was employed to analyse the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from G. boninense cultures and infected oil palm wood. We examined VOCs released from three types of samples: G. boninense mycelium, oil palm wood and oil palm wood colonized by G. boninense. This preliminary study led to the tentative identification of 57 VOCs, including alcohols, alkanes, volatile acids, ketones, aldehydes, esters, sesquiterpenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon groups. Aliphatic compounds with eight‐carbon atoms, such as 1‐octen‐3‐ol, 3‐octanone, 1‐octanol and (E)‐2‐octenal, were the most abundant constituents of the Ganoderma samples, whereas furfural and hexanal were the major compounds detected in the oil palm wood samples. Chemometric analyses using cluster heat maps and principal component analyses were used to discriminate between the VOC profiles. The results indicated that the novel method described here could be used to detect Ganoderma disease and, more generally, for chemoecological studies of plant–pathogen interactions.
Transforming youth mental health services in a large urban centre: ACCESS Open Minds Edmonton
Authors: Abba‐Aji Adam , Hay Katherine , Kelland Jill , Mummery Christine , Urichuk Liana , Gerdes Cindy , Snaterse Mark , Chue Pierre , Lal Shalini , Joober Ridha , Boksa Patricia , Malla Ashok , N. Iyer Srividya , Shah Jai L.
Published: June 2019

Aim

This paper outlines the transformation of youth mental health services in Edmonton, Alberta, a large city in Western Canada. We describe the processes and challenges involved in restructuring how services and care are delivered to youth (11‐25 years old) with mental health needs based on the objectives of the pan‐Canadian ACCESS Open Minds network.

Methods

We provide a narrative review of how youth mental health services have developed since our engagement with the ACCESS Open Minds initiative, based on its five central objectives of early identification, rapid access, appropriate care, continuity of care, and youth and family engagement.

Results

Building on an initial community mapping exercise, a service network has been developed; teams that were previously age‐oriented have been integrated together to seamlessly cover the age 11 to 25 range; early identification has thus far focused on high‐school populations; and an actual drop‐in space facilitates rapid access and linkages to appropriate care within the 30‐day benchmark.

Conclusions

Initial aspects of the transformation have relied on restructuring and partnerships that have generated early successes. However, further transformation over the longer term will depend on data demonstrating how this has impacted clinical outcomes and service utilization. Ultimately, sustainability in a large urban centre will likely involve scaling up to a network of similar services to cover the entire population of the city.
Improving mental health services for homeless youth in downtown Montreal, Canada: Partnership between a local network and ACCESS Esprits ouverts (Open Minds), a National Services Transformation Research Initiative
Authors: Abdel‐Baki Amal , Aubin Diane , Morisseau‐Guillot Raphaël , Lal Shalini , Dupont Marie‐Ève , Bauco Pasquale , Shah Jai L. , Joober Ridha , Boksa Patricia , Malla Ashok , Iyer Srividya N.
Published: June 2019

Aim

In many parts of the world, there is growing concern about youth homelessness. Homeless youth are particularly vulnerable to psychological distress, substance use and mental disorders, and premature mortality caused by suicide and drug overdose. However, their access to and use of mental health care is very limited.

Methods

The Réseau d'intervention de proximité auprès des jeunes (RIPAJ), a Montreal network of over 20 community stakeholders providing a wide array of cohesive services, was created to ease homeless youth's access to mental health and psychosocial services. Its philosophy is that there should be no “wrong door” or “wrong timing” for youth seeking help. In 2014, the network partnered with the pan‐Canadian transformational research initiative, ACCESS Esprits ouverts.

Results

Created through this partnership, ACCESS Esprits ouverts RIPAJ has been promoting early identification through outreach activities targeting homeless youth and agencies that serve them. An ACCESS Clinician was hired to promote and rapidly respond to help‐seeking and referrals. By strengthening connections within RIPAJ and using system navigation, the site is working to facilitate youth's access to timely appropriate care and eliminate age‐based transitions between services. A notable feature of our program, that is not usually evident in homelessness services, has been the engagement of the youth in service planning and design and the encouragement of contact with families and/or friends.

Conclusion

Challenges remain including eliminating any remaining age‐related transitions of care between adolescent and adult services; and the sustainability of services transformation and network coordination. Nonetheless, this program serves as an example of an innovative, much‐needed, community‐oriented model for improving access to mental health care for homeless youth.
Transforming child and youth mental health care: ACCESS Open Minds New Brunswick in the rural Francophone region of the Acadian Peninsula
Authors: Dubé Anik , Iancu Penelopia , Tranchant Carole C. , Doucet Danielle , Joachin Aduel , Malchow Julie , Robichaud Sophie , Haché Martine , Godin Isabelle , Bourdon Laure , Bourque Jimmy , Iyer Srividya N. , Malla Ashok , Beaton Ann M.
Published: June 2019

Aim

This paper describes how the transformation of youth mental health services in the rural Francophone region of the Acadian Peninsula in New Brunswick, Canada, is meeting the five objectives of ACCESS Open Minds.

Methods

Implementation of the ACCESS Open Minds framework of care in the Acadian Peninsula of New Brunswick began in 2016 at a well‐established volunteer centre and community‐based mental health organization. Through focus groups with youth aged 14 to 22 (n = 13), community mapping was used to describe the youth‐related mental health service transformation, followed by thematic analysis, validation by member checking and triangulation.

Results

Preliminary results show a generally successful implementation of the ACCESS Open Minds model, as evidenced by the transformation of mental health service provision, the enhancement of capacity in human resources and the participation of youth. Transformation was evidenced across the five objectives of mental healthcare of ACCESS Open Minds, albeit to variable extents. Several facilitating factors and challenges are identified based on youths' accounts.

Conclusions

It is possible to successfully implement the ACCESS Open Minds model among francophones living in a minority setting and despite the constraints of a rural area. Most key components of the framework were implemented with high program fidelity. The rural context presents unique challenges that require creative and effective use of resources, while offering opportunities that arise from a culture of resourcefulness and collaboration.
ACCESS Open Minds at the University of Alberta: Transforming student mental health services in a large Canadian post‐secondary educational institution
Authors: Vallianatos Helen , Friese Kevin , Perez Jessica M. , Slessor Jane , Thind Rajneek , Dunn Joshua , Chisholm‐Nelson Jessica , Joober Ridha , Boksa Patricia , Lal Shalini , Malla Ashok , Iyer Srividya N. , Shah Jai L.
Published: June 2019

Aim

Demands for mental health services in post‐secondary institutions are increasing. This paper describes key features of a response to these needs: ACCESS Open Minds University of Alberta (ACCESS OM UA) is focused on improving mental health services for first‐year students, as youth transition to university and adulthood.

Methods

The core transformation activities at ACCESS OM UA are described, including early case identification, rapid access, appropriate and timely connections to follow‐up care and engagement of students and families/carers. In addition, we depict local experiences of transforming existing services around these objectives.

Results

The ACCESS OM UA Network has brought together staff with diverse backgrounds in order to address the unique needs of students. Together with the addition of ACCESS Clinicians these elements represent a systematic effort to support not just mental health, but the student as a whole. Key learnings include the importance of community mapping to developing networks and partnerships, and engaging stakeholders from design through to implementation for transformation to be sustainable.

Conclusions

Service transformation grounded in principles of community‐based research allows for incorporation of local knowledge, expertise and opportunities. This approach requires ample time to consult, develop rapport between staff and stakeholders across diverse units and develop processes in keeping with local opportunities and constraints. Ongoing efforts will continue to monitor changing student needs and to evaluate and adapt the transformations outlined in this paper to reflect those needs.
Urea and creatinine levels in saliva of patients with and without periodontitis
Authors: Gaál Kovalčíková Alexandra , Pančíková Alexandra , Konečná Barbora , Klamárová Tatiana , Novák Bohuslav , Kovaľová Eva , Podracká Ľudmila , Celec Peter , Tóthová Ľubomíra
Published: June 2019

Despite the fact that saliva contains measurable concentrations of urea and creatinine, it is not widely used in clinical nephrology. One of the reasons is the high inter‐ and intra‐individual variability in the salivary markers of kidney function. We hypothesized that gingival bleeding in patients with periodontitis could contribute to this variability by increasing the concentration of salivary urea or creatinine. Samples were collected from 25 patients with periodontitis and 29 healthy controls. In addition, saliva samples from five healthy volunteers were artificially contaminated with blood. The concentration of urea, but not that of creatinine, was more than twice as high in patients with periodontitis than in controls. Artificial contamination of saliva with blood did not affect the salivary concentration of creatinine. Salivary urea increased only with very high levels of contamination (≥2.5% blood in saliva), but that did not occur in patients. In conclusion, periodontitis increases the concentration of salivary urea, but this is not likely to be a result of contamination with blood. Future studies should investigate the composition of the oral microbiome, specifically regarding how it affects the concentration of salivary urea. Salivary creatinine seems to be a more robust non‐invasive marker of renal functions than salivary urea.
Light‐induced complex formation of bacteriophytochrome RpBphP1 and gene repressor RpPpsR2 probed by SAXS
Authors: Papiz Miroslav Z. , Bellini Dom , Evans Kate , Grossmann J Günter , Fordham‐Skelton Tony
Published: June 2019

Bacteriophytochrome proteins (BphPs) are molecular light switches that enable organisms to adapt to changing light conditions through the control of gene expression. Canonical type 1 BphPs have histidine kinase output domains, but type 3 RpBphP1, in the bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris (Rps. palustris), has a C terminal PAS9 domain and a two‐helix output sensor (HOS) domain. Type 1 BphPs form head‐to‐head parallel dimers; however, the crystal structure of RpBphP1ΔHOS, which does not contain the HOS domain, revealed pseudo anti‐parallel dimers. HOS domains are homologs of Dhp dimerization domains in type 1 BphPs. We show, by applying the small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) technique on full‐length RpBphP1, that HOS domains fulfill a similar role in the formation of parallel dimers. On illumination with far‐red light, RpBphP1 forms a complex with gene repressor RpPpsR2 through light‐induced structural changes in its HOS domains. An RpBphP1:RpPpsR2 complex is formed in the molecular ratio of 2 : 1 such that one RpBphP1 dimer binds one RpPpsR2 monomer. Molecular dimers have been modeled with Pfr and Pr SAXS data, suggesting that, in the Pfr state, stable dimeric four α‐helix bundles are formed between HOS domains, rendering RpBphP1functionally inert. On illumination with light of 760 nm wavelength, four α‐helix bundles formed by HOS dimers are disrupted, rendering helices available for binding with RpPpsR2.
Synthesis of In‐House Produced Calibrated Silver Phosphate with a Large Range of Oxygen Isotope Compositions
Authors: Lécuyer Christophe , Fourel François , Seris Magali , Amiot Romain , Goedert Jean , Simon Laurent
Published: June 2019

The large range of stable oxygen isotope values of phosphate‐bearing minerals and dissolved phosphate of inorganic or organic origin requires the availability of in‐house produced calibrated silver phosphate of which isotopic ratios must closely bracket those of studied samples. We propose a simple protocol to synthesise Ag3PO4 in a wide range of oxygen isotope compositions based on the equilibrium isotopic fractionation factor and the kinetics and temperature of isotopic exchange in the phosphate–water system. Ag3PO4 crystals were obtained from KH2PO4 that was dissolved in water of known oxygen isotope composition. Isotopic exchange between dissolved phosphate and water took place at a desired and constant temperature into PYREX™ tubes that were placed in a high precision oven for defined run‐times. Samples were withdrawn at desired times, quenched in cold water and precipitated as Ag3PO4. We provide a calculation sheet that computes the δ18O of precipitated Ag3PO4 as a function of time, temperature and δ18O of both reactants KH2PO4 and H2O at t = 0. Predicted oxygen isotope compositions of synthesised silver phosphate range from −7 to +31‰ VSMOW for a temperature range comprised between 110 and 130 °C and a range of water δ18O from −20 to +15‰ VSMOW.
Dispersion and properties of zirconia suspensions for stereolithography
Authors: Li Xingbang , Zhong He , Zhang Jingxian , Duan Yusen , Bai Hainan , Li Jingjing , Jiang Dongliang
Published: June 2019

Stereolithography is an attractive technique for the fabrication of complex‐shaped ceramic components with high dimensional accuracy. One of the challenges in this technology is the development of high solid loading, low viscosity photosensitive ceramic suspension. In this study, the dispersion of zirconia in photocurable resin and the slurry properties were intensively investigated. Rheological measurements showed that DISPERBYK‐103 proved to be an effective dispersant. 42 vol% ZrO2suspension was successfully prepared using 3.5 wt% DISPERBYK‐103 as the dispersant, with a suitable viscosity (4.88 Pa·s) below the maximum allowable viscosity value (5 Pa·s) for stereolithography applications. The adsorption behavior of DISPERBYK‐103 on the surface of zirconia powders was characterized by TG and FT‐IR, confirming the dispersion effect of dispersant. Contact angle measurements were also conducted to show that the adsorption of DISPERBYK‐103 could help to improve the wettability between powder and photocurable resin. Results showed that DISPERBYK‐103 was effective for the preparation of suitable slurries for the development of ZrO2ceramics through stereolithography.
In vitro gastrointestinal digestion of mango by‐product snacks: Potential absorption of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity
Authors: Bertha Cruz‐Trinidad , Alberto Sánchez-Burgos Jorge , Tovar Juscelino , Sáyago‐Ayerdi Sonia Guadalupe , Zamora‐Gasga Victor Manuel
Published: June 2019

Mango by‐products are considered cheap sources of valuable foods and nutraceutical ingredients. In this work, antioxidant capacity (AOX), and potential absorption ability (PAA) of extractable polyphenols (EP) from mango by‐product snacks (MB‐S) were evaluated at different stages of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. A wheat and oat‐based control snack and three MB‐S formulations (F1, F2 and F3) were prepared. Mango by‐products were added at the expense of wheat in MB‐S (paste‐peel‐seed): F1 (70‐30‐0), F2 (70‐15‐15), F3 (70‐7.5‐22.5). The highest release of polyphenols was observed after the gastric digestion. In the intestinal stage, MB‐SF1 was the snack with the highest EP content (23.39 mg GAE/g db), two times greater than the control. Gallic acid and mangiferin were the main polyphenols identified in MB‐S. The incorporation of mango seed in the MB‐S reduced the polyphenols PAA by 10.29%. However, compared with the control snack, consumption of 30 g MB‐SF1 provided additional 45 mg polyphenols.
Impact of supercritical carbon dioxide turmeric extract on the oxidative stability of perilla oil
Authors: Lee Kyo‐Yeon , Gul Khalid , Kim Ah‐Na , Rahman M. Shafiur , Lee Myoung Hee , Kim Jung In , Kwak Doyeon , Shin Eui‐Cheol , Kim Hyun‐Jin , Kerr William L. , Choi Sung‐Gil
Published: June 2019

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of supercritical carbon dioxide turmeric extract (STE) on the oxidative stability of perilla oil (PO), as measured by acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV) and oxidation induction time and compared to control and α‐tocopherol containing PO as a positive control. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH, ABTS and FRAPS assays and individual bioactive compounds identified by chromatography. STE demonstrated significantly higher antioxidant activity than the α‐tocopherol. The major components of the STE were identified as ar‐turmerone, turmerone, curlone and bisabolene by GC‐MS and curcumin and demethoxycurcumin by UPLC‐Q‐TOF MS. During thermal treatment at 65 °C for 24 h, the PO containing STE at different concentrations (100, 300, 500 and 1000 μg mL−1) had significantly lower AV and PV, and at least 1.5 times higher induction period than those of the control and α‐tocopherol‐incorporated PO.
Uniform colloidal spheres for RE3BO6 (RE = Eu‐Yb, Y) and excitation‐dependent luminescence of Y3BO6:Eu3+ red phosphor
Authors: Zhu Qi , Fan Zhenshu , Wang Shuo , Xiahou Junqing , Li Ji‐Guang
Published: June 2019

Phosphor particles of spherical shape and uniform size are desired for high‐definition displays to improve the resolution and the overall luminescent performance. However, the synthesis of RE3BO6 spherical particles is a considerable challenge in materials science. Here, uniform spheres of RE3BO6 (RE = Eu–Yb, Y) have been converted from their colloidal precursor spheres synthesized via homogeneous precipitation. The amorphous precursor spheres are solid particles with decreased boron going from the surfaces to the cores. Smaller particles were observed at decreased ionic radius from Eu3+ to Ho3+ (including Y3+), but particles with nearly unvaried sizes were observed by further decreasing the ionic radius from Ho3+ to Yb3+. They crystallized in monoclinic RE3BO6 at 900°C, with maintaining the spherical shape of precursors. However, the crystal growth and the densification toward the particle surfaces resulted in the formation of hollow spheres for smaller particles and core‐shell structured spheres for larger particles. The parameters, a, b, and c, increase nearly monotonically with increasing the radius of rare earth ions. The uniform spheres of Y3BO6:Eu3+ exhibited a typical red emission at ~613 nm (5D0 → 7F2 electric dipole transition of Eu3+), with an intensity ratio I(5D0 → 7F2)/I(5D0 → 7F1) of ~3.5. The luminescence behavior of Y3BO6:Eu3+ phosphor is dependent on the excitation wavelength, which is closely related to the Eu3+ ions at different coordination sites. Driven by a 460‐nm blue‐LED chip, the Y3BO6:Eu3+ spheres exhibited a red emission with the CIE coordinates of (~0.65, ~0.35), indicating that they are an excellent red‐emitting phosphor candidate for application in white‐LEDs.
Sex matters: men with melanoma have a worse prognosis than women
Authors: el Sharouni M.A. , Witkamp A.J. , Sigurdsson V. , van Diest P.J , Louwman M.W.J. , Kukutsch N.A.
Published: June 2019

Background

In Europe, one of the highest melanoma incidences is found in the Netherlands. Like in several other European countries, females are more prone to develop melanoma as compared to males, although survival is worse for men.

Objective

To identify clinicopathological gender‐related differences that may lead to gender‐specific preventive measures.

Methods

Data from the Dutch Nationwide Network and Registry of Histopathology and Cytopathology (PALGA) were retrieved from patients with primary, cutaneous melanoma in the Netherlands between 2000 and 2014. Patients initially presenting as stage I, II and III without clinically detectable nodal disease were included. Follow‐up data were retrieved from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Gender‐related differences were assessed, and to compare relative survival between males and females, multivariable relative excess risks (RER) were calculated.

Results

A total of 54.645 patients were included (43.7% men). In 2000, 41.7% of the cohort was male, as compared to 47.3% in 2014 (P < 0.001). Likewise, in 2000, 51.5% of the deceased cohort was male compared to 60.1% in 2014 (P < 0.001). Men had significantly thicker melanomas at the time of diagnosis [median Breslow thickness 1.00 mm (interquartile range (IQR): 0.60–2.00) vs. 0.82 mm (IQR: 0.50–1.50) for females] and were significantly older at the time of diagnosis, more often had ulcerated melanomas and melanomas localized on the trunk or head and neck. Over time, survival for females improved while that of men decreased (P < 0.001). RER for dying was 1.37 (95% CI: 1.31–1.45) for men in multivariable analysis.

Conclusion

There are evident clinicopathological differences between male and female melanoma patients. After multivariable correction for all these differences, relative survival remains worse for men. Clinicians as well as persons at risk for melanoma should be aware of these differences, as awareness and prevention might lead to a lower incidence and mortality of melanoma. This indicates the need of prevention campaigns integrating and targeting specific risk profiles.
Internal and External Factors Underlying Variations in Adolescents’ Daily Optimal Experiences
Authors: Tavares Dionísia , Freire Teresa , Faria Susana
Published: June 2019

This study investigated how the internal psychological states (i.e., challenge–skill perception, positive and negative affect, and effortless attention) and contextual features (i.e., activity and company) of momentary experiences relate to optimal experience in adolescents’ lives. Data were collected from 245 Portuguese adolescents (14–19 years old, 63% female) by using the experience sampling method. Multilevel modeling revealed that challenge–skill and positive affect were positively associated with optimal experience, while negative affect was negatively associated with optimal experience. Effortless attention mediated the associations between internal states and optimal experience, while activity and company only moderated some of these associations. These findings will inform practitioners about the factors that should be addressed in interventions with adolescents to promote optimal experiences in their lives.
Equipping School Health Personnel for Diabetes Care with a Competency Framework and Pilot Education Program
Authors: Berget Cari , Nii Pamela , Wyckoff Leah , Patrick Kathleen , Brooks‐Russell Ashley , Messer Laurel H.
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

Schools struggle to support health needs of students with diabetes due to limited funding/resources. A competency framework can help individual schools clarify the knowledge and skills required for school‐based diabetes care within their unique context, and inform the development of standardized diabetes education for health staff.

METHODS

A consensus‐building technique, known as the Delphi method, was used to create a competency framework for diabetes care at school with a panel of 37 stakeholders. A continuing education program based on the resultant framework was developed and pilot‐tested with school nurses. Pretest and post‐test scores on knowledge, perceived competence, and self‐efficacy were compared to evaluate the effectiveness of the program.

RESULTS

Consensus was obtained for a total of 70 competencies: 22 competencies for health aids, 36 additional competencies for school nurses, and 12 additional competencies for diabetes resource nurses. Thirty school nurses completed the continuing education program and demonstrated significant improvement in diabetes knowledge, self‐efficacy, and competence in pathophysiology and diabetes care tasks (p < .01 for all).

CONCLUSIONS

Developing a consensus framework is an excellent starting place for stakeholders to identify the skills and knowledge required for various school personnel and to ensure that all school health staff members receive adequate diabetes education.
Soft Words for Strident Times
Authors: Clegg Jennifer
Published: June 2019

This commentary considers what the three different issues that the authors combine have in common, what the evidence is for them, and social science research that reveals the complexity of conversations between doctors and patients about serious health conditions. It examines their implicit claim that there are no questions to answer about the quality of life experienced by people with all types of ID and their families, and what labelling these three issues as “eugenics” is likely to achieve.
Pregnancy‐Related Mortality and Severe Maternal Morbidity in Rural Appalachia: Established Risks and the Need to Know More
Authors: Hansen Anna , Moloney Mairead
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology have called for researchers to further elucidate medical and social determinants of pregnancy‐related death and severe maternal morbidity. This report begins to answer this call in the context of rural Appalachia.

Methods

This report identifies risk factors exposing women in rural Appalachia to pregnancy‐related death and severe maternal morbidity. We also use CDC WONDER data to illustrate rural‐urban differences in pregnancy‐related death.

Findings

Rural women nationally die of pregnancy‐related causes at a greater rate than urban women. It is unknown how rurality specifically influences pregnancy‐related death, but rural women more often embody multiple risk factors associated with negative maternal outcomes. Established risk factors, including high rates of chronic illness and substance abuse, place rural women at risk for severe maternal morbidity and pregnancy‐related mortality. These women may also lack the resources to mitigate these risks, including access to high‐risk obstetric care.

Next steps

To address these issues and the concerning lack of data, we propose 4 directions for future study: (1) a determination of the prevalence of pregnancy‐related death and severe maternal morbidity in this population; (2) an examination of how rural women utilize existing pre‐ and perinatal resources; (3) better validation concerning surveillance methods of pregnancy‐related death and severe maternal morbidity in rural areas; and (4) an exploratory qualitative study of rural women and health care providers.
Niche overlap and dietary resource partitioning in an African large carnivore guild
Authors: Vogel John T. , Somers Michael J. , Venter Jan A.
Published: June 2019

Understanding and quantifying a large carnivores’ feeding behaviour is a key component in determining its functional significance in an ecosystem, both in terms of its top‐down influence on prey species, but also its relationships with sympatric carnivores. Dietary overlap is one of the numerous niche dimensions used to characterize resource partitioning and potential competition within a community. We characterize the diet, potential dietary niche overlap and prey preference of a large African carnivore guild on small fenced protected areas. To quantify the potential inter‐ and intraspecific foraging competition, we analysed 5,128 kills, representing 35 prey species made by African wild dogs Lycaon pictus (n = 553), cheetahs Acinonyx jubatus (1,427), lions Panthera leo (2,648) and leopards P. pardus (500). Our results show that large African carnivores in small protected areas are exposed to considerable overlap in dietary resource utilization. At the interspecific level, African wild dogs and cheetahs displayed the greatest vulnerability to potential dietary competition. Lions exhibited marked differences in prey preference, mass and species utilization compared to the other carnivores. African wild dogs and cheetah females with dependent offspring occupied the greatest potential for dietary competition within the large carnivore guild. Using a case study based on the preferred biomass of prey available, we estimate the sustainable density of large carnivores at a small fenced prospective African wild dog reintroduction site. African wild dogs displayed the lowest mean predicted density compared to all sympatric predators with an expected population size of 7 individuals. Our research highlights the need to assess the influence of competitive forces in structuring and restoring large predators to portions of their historical range by identifying species most vulnerable to a potential reintroduction attempt. In the absence of controlled experiments, elucidating the influences of exploitation competition is challenging, and only through manipulating sympatric species presence and densities can these complex interactions be fully understood.
Animal studies and the eighteenth century: The nature of the beast
Authors: Cole Lucinda
Published: June 2019

This essay offers an overview of important historical and theoretical issues in animal studies scholarship on the long eighteenth century, 1660–1750. It draws connections among the theological, social, and ontological debates of the early modern period and discusses how these debates helped to shape current questions in posthumanist and animal studies research. Recent works in animal studies about the eighteenth century explore anthropocentrism and the human–animal divide; sensibility and anti‐cruelty legislation; thing theory and personhood; and literary subjectivity in the broader context of more‐than‐human ecologies.
Reading politics through emotions: ontological ressentiment as the emotional basis of current politics in Turkey
Authors: Tokdoğan Nagehan
Published: June 2019

For almost sixteen years now, politics in Turkey have been analysed with reference to the theme of victimhood. It is true that the political discourse of Turkey's Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi or AKP) gained its power by the mass response to its victimhood claims. Nevertheless, as this article argues, the legitimacy of the victimhood claim rests mainly on the already‐existing emotions of masses, aroused and triggered by political elites. Thus, Turkish politics during the AKP period cannot be thoroughly understood without taking into consideration the emotions of both political elites and the masses. This article shares insights into the sixteen‐year‐long AKP reign of power based on Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's appeals to such emotions as humiliation, envy, disgust, hatred, anxiety, and anger. It further argues that these emotions reveal a much deeper and stronger emotional trait which we identify as ontological ressentiment.