bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening Europe in Australasia
Authors: Allen Julie K.
Published: May 2021

This book challenges the historical myopia that treats Hollywood films as always having dominated global film culture through a detailed study of the circulation of European silent film in Australasia in the early twentieth century. Before World War I, European silent feature films were ubiquitous in Australia and New Zealand, teaching Antipodean audiences about Continental cultures and familiarizing them with glamorous European stars, from Asta Nielsen to Emil Jannings. After the rise of Hollywood and then the shift to sound film, this history—and its implications for cross-cultural exchange—was lost. Julie K. Allen recovers that history, with its flamboyant participants, transnational currents, innovative genres, and geopolitical complications, and brings it vividly to life. She reveals the complexity and competitiveness of the early cinema market, in a region with high consumer demand and low domestic production, and frames the dramatic shift to almost exclusively American cinema programming during World War I, contextualizing the rise of the art film in the 1920s in competition with mainstream Hollywood productions.
Terrein Inhibits Aggressive Phenotype of A549 Human Lung Cancer Cell through Suppression of HIF-1α
Authors: BUACHAN Paiwan , NAMSA-AID Maneekarn , TANECHPONGTAMB Wanlaya
Published: May 2021

Terrein is a fungal metabolite that has already been reported with anticancer properties. However, the effect on the aggressive phenotype of cancer cells has not been elucidated yet.  In the present study, the cytotoxicity of terrein was first determined against lung cancer cells (A549) model and compared with several normal cell lines (Vero, L6, and H9C2 cells). The data demonstrated that terrein had a specific effect on A549 cells relative to normal cells with high selectivity index values. Then, the hypoxic model that recognized to induce aggressive abilities was established in A549 cells by cobalt chloride (CoCl2) stimulation. With this model, terrein could reduce HIF-1α, a marker of hypoxia, and inhibit both migration and invasion of which the effect on invasion is more explicit. Our results demonstrated that terrein has a potential new role as the anti-aggressive phenotype by inhibiting cancer cell migration and invasion through HIF-1α reduction.
HIGHLIGHTS

Terrein, a secondary bioactive metabolite extracted from Aspergillus terreus, demonstrates anticancer effect on lung cancer cells with less cytotoxic on normal cells
CoCl2 treatment was successfully used for creating hypoxic model which resulting in HIF-1a augmentation and aggressive abilities enhancement in lung cancer cells
Terrein could reduce HIF-1a expression and invasive ability of lung cancer cells demonstrated the potential role as anti-metastatic agent for lung cancer

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
THE PARALLELS OF TRADITIONAL AND CONSTRUCTIVE NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION
Authors: Lamanauskas Vincentas
Published: May 2021

It is obvious that the constructivist perspective is becoming a dominant paradigm in the field of the natural science education. “Constructivism” is not a specific pedagogy but a psychological theory of knowledge. The main idea of this theory is that humans construct knowledge and meaning from their experiences. Central to constructivism is the notion that learners play an active role in ‘constructing’ their own meaning. In general it is true. However, this theory can not be against the traditional way of teaching and learning. Constructivist approaches require learners to be active and confident in themselves and their abilities. However, learners may not always be active in the teach-ing and learning process. Quite often, learners` abilities are quite limited. In this situa-tion, a constructive approach is hardly effective. Why we want to have a behaviorally active learner? According A. Mayer (2004) educators produce materials that require learning to be behaviorally active and not be "cognitively active." Is it constructivist approach is OK nowadays? Are we sure? Who can deny that the traditional teaching / learning is wrong? Science curricula and teaching methods are changing continuously. Traditional teaching has also changed. Such teaching is fundamentally different compared to the teaching of a few decades ago. Both the curriculum and the context are different. Teaching and learning process is unthinkable without modern ICT. This itself requires a qualitatively new approach in science teaching from the teacher`s side. Our imagination that traditional education is the same as one hundred years ago is incorrect.
Is it reasonable to promote ‘constructivism’ as a theory appropriate for science teaching in an uncritical way? There is no universally correct theory. This question should be discussed as large as possible in different context by scholars and teachers.
Key words: constructivist approach, science education, traditional teaching.
Smart Health Care Monitoring System
Authors: Aher Asavari , Vazarde Gayatri , Nimse Amisha
Published: May 2021

Technology plays the major role in healthcare not only for sensory devices but also in communication, recording and display device. It is very important to monitor various medical parameters and post operational days. Hence the latest trend in Healthcare communication method using IOT is adapted. Internet of things serves as a catalyst for the healthcare and plays prominent role in wide range of healthcare applications. In this project the AVR microcontroller is used as a gateway to communicate to the various sensors such as temperature sensor and pulse oximeter sensor . The microcontroller picks up the sensor data and sends it to the network through Wi-Fi and hence provides real time monitoring of the health care parameters for doctors. The data can be accessed anytime by the doctor . The controller is also connected with buzzer to alert the caretaker about variation in sensor output. But the major issue in remote patient monitoring system is that the data as to be securely transmitted to the destination end and provision is made to allow only authorized user to access the data. The security issue is been addressed by transmitting the data through the password protected Wi-Fi module232 and the users/doctor can access the data by logging to the html webpage. At the time of extremity situation alert message is sent to the doctor through GSM module connected to the controller . Hence quick provisional medication can be easily done by this system.
Auto Smart Car Cover
Authors: Madki Faizan , Pawar Vrushali , Shribahadurkar Dr. S.D. , Upadhye Prof. P.A.
Published: May 2021

An Auto Smart Car Cover System is a car covering system which is invented for the purpose of protecting the vehicle here in this case vehicle is a car and this system can also be a good open Parking Solution. This system is guided by Electric Motors (Servo Motors), Sensor (IR or Ultrasonic Sensor), Bluetooth Module (HC-05), CP-2102 USB to TTL Module, A MC ATMega 328P on a Self Made ARD. Uno board. A Guiding Wire for guiding the Structure, and Software IDE (Arduino IDE) for Programming the MC. The Heart of the entire System is MC ATMega 328P which is completely responsible for entire operation of Cover from collecting data from sensors till Opening(Uncover) and Closing(Cover) of Vehicle.
A propósito da tradução da novela "A D´ócil", de Dostoiévski
Authors: Bianchi Maria de Fatima
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo procura apresentar, a partir de uma breve contextualização da recepção da literatura russa no Brasil, com destaque à obra de Dostoiévski, algumas das características e detalhes que se sobressaem em sua novela A dócil. Para transmitir espontaneidade ao discurso do narrador de A dócil e representar sua perturbação, confusão e espanto diante de um acontecimento inesperado em sua vida, Dostoiévski utiliza amplamente alguns recursos sintáticos, como partículas expletivas, repetições, travessão, reticências, itálico, dois pontos, diminutivos, que anotam como que o processo, ou o próprio ritmo da composição, e constituem verdadeiros desafios ao tradutor para a recriação de seu estilo em português.
Bridging the gap between machine translation output and images in multimodal documents
Authors: Pires Thiago Blanch , Espindola Augusto Velloso dos Santos
Published: May 2021

The aim of this article is to report on recent findings concerning the use of Google Translate outputs in multimodal contexts. Development and evaluation of machine translation often focus on verbal mode, but accounts by the area on the exploration text-image relations in multimodal documents translated automatically are rare. Thus, this work seeks to describe just what are such relations and how to describe them, organized in two parts: firstly, by exploring the problem through an interdisciplinary interface, involving Machine Translation and Multimodality to analyze some examples from the Wikihow website; secondly, by reporting on recent investigation on suitable tools and methods to properly annotate these issues from within a long-term purpose to assemble a corpus. Finally, this article provides a discussion on the findings, including some limitations and perspectives for future research.
Por que e como escrever histórias da tradução?
Authors: D'Hulst Lieven , Barbosa Helena Lúcia Silveira , Mhereb Maria Teresa
Published: May 2021

Tradução para o português brasileiro do artigo “Why and How to Write Translation Histories?”, de Lieven D’Hulst, publicado originalmente em inglês na edição especial da Revista Crop (v. 6, São Paulo, 2001) dedicada à história da tradução no Brasil. Retomando o hexâmetro mnemônico utilizado pela retórica clássica para abordar a oratória - quem (quis); o que (quid); onde (ubi); por quais meios (quibus auxiliis), por que (cur); como (quomodo); quando (quando) - e aplicando-o especificamente à história e à historiografia da tradução, D’Hulst aponta o que pode/deveria ser abordado por essa área dos estudos da tradução. Traduzir este artigo implicou também um trabalho de edição. Sendo o texto de abertura da referida edição especial, o autor faz menção a vários de seus artigos como exemplos de pesquisas realizadas; optamos por transferir tais menções para as notas de rodapé com o objetivo de conferir maior fluidez ao texto no contexto de uma nova publicação.
Dick, Philip K. Espere agora pelo ano passado. Tradução de Braulio Tavares. Rio de Janeiro: Suma, 2018, 266 p.
Authors: Ferreira Andressa Bezerra , Costa Walter Carlos
Published: May 2021

Dick, Philip K. Espere agora pelo ano passado. Tradução de Braulio Tavares. Rio de Janeiro: Suma, 2018, 266 p.
"Reinações de Narizinho" en Español, una propuesta: proyecto chileno de traducción y análisis comparativo de traducción latinoamericanas
Authors: Goellner Letícia Maria Vieira de Souza , Saavedra Pablo , Menares Vicente
Published: May 2021

El propósito de este artículo es presentar una discusión sobre las posibilidades de traducción al español de la obra Reinações de Narizinho (1931) de Monteiro Lobato, cotejando seis traducciones distintas de algunos cuentos presentes en esta edición. Fueron seleccionadas para este estudio y cotejo las traducciones publicadas en Chile el año 2020, en Perú el 2019, dos ediciones colombianas de este mismo año y dos versiones argentinas, una de 1944 y la otra de 2010. Exhibiremos algunos ejemplos que podrían ilustrar las estrategias usadas en nuestro proceso de traducción en Chile el cual buscó la aproximación del lector a la cultura fuente. Este análisis se enfoca en los neologismos, la estructura, el ritmo, y los culturemas presentes en la obra.
A Dynamic and Highly Configurable Crypto-Processor for brief communication interval
Authors:   Electronics and Telecommunication, College of Engineering, Pune, India., Bagul Riya , Karaguppi Atharva ,   Electronics and Telecommunication, College of Engineering, Pune, India., Karale Vishwas ,   Electronics and Telecommunication, College of Engineering, Pune, India., Singal Mudit ,   Electronics and Telecommunication, College of Engineering, Pune, India., Ingale Dr. Vaishali ,   Electronics and Telecommunication, College of Engineering, Pune, India.
Published: May 2021

In modern computing systems data security is of paramount importance. The data transfer must be made secure because it can be significantly sensitive for any organization involved. This paper expounds a SOC architecture to facilitate end to end secure data exchange for applications involving short communication intervals. This SOC has been designed to behave as a co-processor which along with a standard general-purpose processor would serve as a cryptosystem. The SOC employs two famous algorithms – RSA and AES for cryptography. In contrast to usual single key cryptographic systems, this paper tries to elaborate an innovative methodology involving dynamic security measures that makes the system distributed rather than making it central to a specific algorithm and hence a particular key. The methodology involves generating and using an AES key for data encryption and RSA key for secure transfer of the AES key between the point of transmission and reception.
Rewriting Dalit Gender Paradigms through the Viranganas and Femme Fatale Archetypes
Authors:   Department of English and Languages, Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham, Kochi Campus, India., Subbi Arsha , Kalamullathil Dr Balakrishnan ,   Department of English and Languages, Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham, Kochi Campus, India.
Published: May 2021

The true identity of the Femme Fatale character type has not yet been discovered despite the growing interest of authors and writers in this lethal woman archetype, whose extensive presence was seen in nineteenth and twentieth century literary and cultural texts. The Femme Fatale has acquired numerous forms since her arrival into the literary arena. Although typically villainous, or at least morally confusing, and always associated with a sense of mystification and unease, Femme Fatales have also appeared as an anti-heroine in some stories. Some narratives also end with a repenting Femme Fatale, who regrets her past villainy. Some Femme Fatales also pave way for greater good by ensnaring the villain and reforming him through her lethal treatments. Dalit viranganas are a group of warrior women characters who are comparatively novel portrayals within the arena of literature. These characters refurbish the entire ideologies governing the conventional patriarchy which often put women under the control of these patriarchal figures. She denies fitting into the roles of a dutiful wife and nurturing mother that the mainstream society prescribes for her. In these representations there is a blending of history and present and these women become symbols of pride for the community. They are often dressed in masculine manner and displays physical prowess, which is a quality often ascribed to men. She leaves behind a strong picture of an unremorseful, bold and daring woman who adheres to her own ideals rejecting the rules put forward by society.
Solving the Multi-Commodity Single-Stage Capacitated Warehouse Location Problem Using Bat Algorithm
Authors:   Operations Research, faculty of graduate studies for statistical research, Cairo University, Egypt, India., Abdullah Mhana Abdulgabbar , Ragaa Naglaa ,   Operations Research, faculty of graduate studies for statistical research, Cairo University, Egypt, India., Zaher Hegazy ,   Doctor in Operations Research, faculty of graduate studies for statistical research, Cairo University, Egypt, India., Sayed Heba ,   Doctor in Operations Research, faculty of graduate studies for statistical research, Cairo University, Egypt, India.
Published: May 2021

The warehouse location problem is so important in supply chains management. In concerns with optimize the assignment of warehouses in order to minimize the total costs related to transportation and service costs. In this paper, a mathematical model for the multi-commodity single-stage capacitated warehouse location problem is presented. A bat algorithm is developed for solving the problem and an illustrative example is presented to show its implementation. The computational results is done on a large sized problem to show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Recruitment process challenges within Eskom and its impact on service delivery : a case of Empangeni Zone
Authors:   ,   Durban University of Technology, Naidoo Irene
Published: May 2021

Eskom had an important role to play in South Africa’s transformation and economic development with new regulations that govern the electricity industry. Since the new democratic government of 1994, the underprivileged races were to be given equal opportunity. The Basic Conditions of Employment Act No. 75 of 1999, The Employment Equity Act No. 55 of 1998, The Constitution of The Republic of South Africa Act No. 108 of 1996 and The Labour Relations Act No. 66 of 1997, are some of the regulations that have had to be considered in the Eskom Recruitment and Selection Policy. This study investigates the challenges of recruitment and selection within Eskom and its impact on service delivery. The analyses of 100 valid responses was obtained through a questionnaire that was administered to respondents selected through a purposive sampling method, to determine if the recruitment and selection criterion has a significant effect on the organisation’s performance and service delivery. This study engaged in a quantitative approach which was required to gauge data rich responses from respondents. The analysis suggest that filling vacancies internally poses a challenge and impacts on service delivery. Moreover, service delivery is severely impacted as many employees are required to work overtime due to inadequate manpower. It is based on these findings that the study recommends, outsourcing of a qualified labour force which will positively impact on service delivery. As well as creating a less bureaucratic process in the recruitment and selection of potential employees
industrialization of potatoes and the socioeconomic development of family farming in Lima, Peru
Authors: Cervantes D. M. , Quevedo J. M.
Published: May 2021

Objectives: To analyze the factors that influence the industrialization of the potato and its role as an innovation for the socioeconomic development of small family farming in Lima, Peru. Methodology: This study is based on different information sources from public organizations in Peru to show that the industrialization of potatoes in Lima, Peru contributes to the socioeconomic development of family farming. On this basis, recommendations are made for a business model through cooperatives oriented mainly to family farming. Results: The determining factors that influence the industrialization of potatoes in Lima are, the use of certified seed and varieties suitable for processing, compliance with good agricultural practices in potato farms and the permissible limits of presence of agrochemicals in the tuber, the adaptation to the normative framework of DL 1062 Food Safety Law, allowing to enter a market that demands food with sanitary guarantee, which can be achieved through a cooperative organization of farmers. Conclusions: The industrialization of potatoes constitutes a business opportunity to increase the supply of processed potatoes through cooperatives, generating added value for small fresh potato producers in Lima.
Estación y número de parto en el rendimiento de la línea genética porcina Camborough 29
Authors: Moreno L. A. , Vega-Vilca J. F. , Arbañil O. E.
Published: May 2021

Objetivos: Evaluar los efectos de la estación del año y número de parto sobre las características reproductivas y productivas de la línea porcina Camborough 29. Metodología: Se evaluaron registros de 85 marranas de una granja comercial de la provincia de Huaral (Lima-Perú), durante tres años (2011-2013), para determinar el  efecto de la estación del año (EA, verano-invierno) y el número de parto (NP, 1 al 5) sobre las características reproductivas: Tasa de fertilidad (TF)  y tasa de parto (TP) y productivas: Intervalo destete concepción (IDC), lechones nacidos vivos (LNV), tamaño de camada al destete (TCD), peso promedio al destete (PPD) y porcentaje de lechones nacidos muertos (%LNM). Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba de Chi cuadrado y el análisis de varianza. Resultados: La EA no influyó (P>0,05) en la TF (97 vs 99%) y TP (96 vs 97%), mientras que si tuvo influencia (P<0,05) sobre el IDC (14,8 vs 9,4 días). El NP influyó (P<0,05) sobre los LNV (12,91; 12,90; 13, 87; 15,38 y 14,53), % LNM (3,09; 2,87; 2,39; 6,50 y 5,72) y en el PPD (6,04; 6,53; 6,64; 6,49 y 6,85 kg) y no influyó (P>0,05) en el TCD (11,46; 11,36; 11,42; 10,73 y 12,35). Conclusiones: La estación del año sólo influyó en el IDC mientras que el Número de parto tuvo efecto sobre LNV, % LNM y PPD.
Políticas editoriales
Authors: AUDITIO Equipo editorial
Published: May 2021

Este documento contiene las políticas editoriales que estarán vigentes desde su publicación en el Volumen 5 Número 2 hasta que se revisen y publiquen unas nuevas políticas. Las políticas editoriales se revisarán una vez al año. Las políticas editoriales actuales están disponibles en: https://journal.auditio.com/auditio/auditio2021/journalpolicies
MÜZİKLİ YARATICI DRAMA EĞİTİMİNİN OKUL ÖNCESİÇOCUKLARIN ÖZ GÜVEN DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: UMUZDAŞ Mehmet Serkan , DOĞAN Akanda
Published: May 2021

Bu araştırmada müzikli yaratıcı drama eğitimi almanın okul öncesi çocuklarda öz güven üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma 2019-2020 öğretim yılında Çorum Güneş Kreş’te okul öncesi eğitimi alan dört ve beş yaşlardaki çocuklar ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dört yaşında 25 öğrenci, beş yaşında 25 öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 50 öğrenciyle çalışma yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri, okul öncesi çocuklar için uygulanan Günalp öz güven gözlem testi ile toplanmıştır. 10 haftalık deney sürecinin sonunda yaratıcı drama eğitiminin okul öncesi çocuklarda öz güven üzerindeki etkisi test edilmiştir. Müzikli yaratıcı drama etkinliklerinin önceki ve sonraki öz güven durumlarının verileri analizinde SPSS 23 paket programından yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın yaratıcı drama çalışmaları sonucunda öz güven gelişimlerinde anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu görülmüş, müzikli yaratıcı dramanın okul öncesi öğrencilerin öz güvenlerine olumlu bir etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Manajemen Kwalitas Pelayanan Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Penumpang KM LAWIT Jurusan Semarang Karimunjawa
Authors: Sulistyowati  , Sumantri Andar Sri , Emha Faresh , Hure Yohanes Richard Moan
Published: May 2021

Minat penumpang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor diantaranya adalah fasilitas, pelayanan, promosi dan harga tiket. Keempatnya mempunyai peranan penting dalam mempengaruhi minat penumpang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh fasilitas, pelayanan, promosi dan harga tiket di KM. Lawit secara parsial. Sampel pada penelitian ini 80 responden yang merupakan penumpang kapal KM. Lawit sampling dengan menggunakan random sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Regresi Linier Berganda.

Dari persamaan regresi tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa variabel yang paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap minat penumpang adalah pelayanan dengan koefisien regresi 0,416. Dan uji R2 (Adjusted R Square) didapatkan hasil sebesar  0,714 atau 71,4% yang berarti bahwa minat penumpang di pengaruhi oleh variable fasilitas, pelayanan, promosi, harga tiket dan minat penumpang.

Kata kunci : Fasilitas, pelayanan, promosi, harga tiket dan Minat Penumpang.
A dialog and a communication: the contemporary problems of formation of the communicative competence of the artists (based on the examples of the art students)
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Ibragimov Aman ,   e-mail: aman.07@inbox.ru
Published: May 2021

This article reveals the issues of development and formation of communicative competence among students of an art specialty. The study revealed that an insufficient level of speech culture is typical for students of future artists and teachers. This problem is most acutely expressed by the excessive enthusiasm of students for art and visual activity with insufficient attention to the development of communication skills and a departure from professional self-determination. The purpose of the article is to identify the results of the formation of the subject communicative competence of students of art specialties in the learning process. The following methods were used in the study: theoretical (review, analysis and synthesis of literature); empirical (pedagogical observation, oral and written surveys, tests, pedagogical experiment). The study was conducted at the Institute of Arts, Culture and Sports of KazNPU named after Abai among students (17-19) years old. The data indicate that the formation of communicative competence needs pedagogical support in preparing students for professional activities. The problem of low speech culture of students, inability to communicate, express their thoughts, and sometimes vice versa, upholding the position of a human consumer negatively affects the professional development of the future artist and teacher. The analysis shows that against the background of a general drop in the level of literacy and speech culture of young people, the communicative competence of artists is an urgent problem for many specialties, including for students of pedagogical universities.
A Satellite Data-Driven Framework to Rapidly Quantify Air Basin-Scale NOx Emission and Its Application to the Po Valley during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sun Kang , Li Lingbo , Jagini Shruti , Li Dan
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The evolving nature of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitates timely estimates of the resultant perturbations to anthropogenic emissions. Here we present a novel framework based on the relationships between observed column abundance and wind speed to rapidly estimate air basin-scale NOx emission rate and apply it at the Po Valley in Italy using OMI and TROPOMI NO2 tropospheric column observations. The NOx chemical lifetime is retrieved together with the emission rate and found to be 15–20 h in winter and 5–6 h in summer. A statistical model is trained using the estimated emission rates before the pandemic to predict the trajectory without COVID-19. Compared with this business-as-usual trajectory, the real 2020 emission rates show two distinctive drops in March (−41 %) and November (−35 %) that correspond to tightened COVID-19 control measures. The temporal variation of pandemic-induced NOx emission changes qualitatively agree with Google and Apple mobility indicators. The overall net NOx emission reduction in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic is estimated to be 21 %.
Observations of Supermicron-Sized Aerosols Originating from Biomass Burning in South Central Africa
Authors: Miller Rose Marie , McFarquhar Greg M. , Rauber Robert M. , O'Brien Joseph R. , Gupta Siddhant , Segal-Rozenhaimer Michal , Dobracki Amie N. , Sedlacek Arthur J. , Burton Sharon P. , Howell Steven G. , Freitag Steffen , Dang Caroline
Published: May 2021

Abstract. During the three years of the ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES) campaign, the NASA Orion P-3 was equipped with a 2D-Stereo (2D-S) probe that imaged particles with maximum dimension (D) ranging from 10 < D < 1280 µm. The 2D-S recorded supermicron-sized aerosol particles (SAPs) outside of clouds within biomass burning plumes during flights over the Southeast Atlantic off Africa’s coast. Numerous SAPs with 10 < D < 1520 µm were observed in 2017 and 2018 at altitudes between 1230 m and 3500 m, 1000 km from the coastline mostly between 7–11° S. No SAPs were observed in 2016 as flights were conducted further south and further from the coastline. Number concentrations of black carbon (rBC) measured by a single particle soot photometer ranged from 200 to 1200 cm−3 when SAPs were observed. Transmission electron microscopy images of submicron particulates, collected on Holey carbon grid filters, revealed particles with potassium salts, black carbon and organics while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy spectra detected potassium, a tracer for biomass burning, indicating that the submicron particles originated from biomass burning in addition to black carbon. NOAA Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) three-day back trajectories show a source in northern Angola for times when large SAPs were observed. Fire Information for Resource Management System Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 6 active fire maps showed extensive biomass burning at these locations. Given the back trajectories, the high number concentrations of rBC, and the presence of elemental tracers indicative of biomass burning, it is hypothesized that the SAPs imaged by the 2D-S are examples of unburned plant material previously seen in biomass burning smoke close to the source.
Sea surface height anomaly and geostrophic velocity from altimetry measurements over the Arctic Ocean (2011–2018)
Authors: Doglioni Francesca , Ricker Robert , Rabe Benjamin , Kanzow Torsten
Published: May 2021

Abstract. In recent decades the decline of the Arctic sea ice has modified vertical momentum fluxes from the atmosphere to the ice and the ocean, thereby affecting the surface circulation. In the past ten years satellite altimetry has contributed to understand these changes. However, data from ice-covered regions require dedicated processing, originating inconsistency between ice-covered and open ocean regions in terms of biases, corrections and data coverage. Thus, efforts to generate consistent Arctic-wide datasets are still required to enable the study of the Arctic Ocean surface circulation at basin-wide scales. Here we provide and assess a monthly gridded dataset of sea surface height anomaly and geostrophic velocity. This dataset is based on Cryosat-2 observations over ice-covered and open ocean areas of the Arctic up to 88° N for the period 2011 to 2018, interpolated using the Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis (DIVA) method. Geostrophic velocity was not available north of 82° N before this study. To examine the robustness of our results, we compare the generated fields to one independent altimetry dataset and independent data of ocean bottom pressure, steric height and near-surface ocean velocity from moorings. Results from the comparison to near-surface ocean velocity show that our geostrophic velocity fields can resolve seasonal to interannual variability of boundary currents wider than about 50 km. We further discuss the seasonal cycle of sea surface height and geostrophic velocity in the context of previous literature. Large scale features emerge, i.e. Arctic-wide maximum sea surface height between October and January, with the highest amplitude over the shelves, and basin wide seasonal acceleration of Arctic slope currents in winter. We suggest that this dataset can be used to study not only the large scale sea surface height and circulation but also the regionally confined boundary currents. The dataset is available in netCDF format from PANGAEA at [data currently under review].
Validation of Terrestrial Biogeochemistry in CMIP6 Earth System Models: A Review
Authors: Spafford Lynsay , MacDougall Andrew Hugh
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The vital role of terrestrial biogeochemical cycles in influencing global climate change is explored by modelling groups internationally through Land Surface Models (LSMs) coupled to atmospheric and oceanic components within Earth System Models (ESMs). The sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) provided an opportunity to compare ESM output by providing common forcings and experimental protocols. Despite these common experimental protocols, a variety of terrestrial biogeochemical cycle validation approaches were adopted by CMIP6 participants, leading to ambiguous model performance assessment and uncertainty attribution across ESMs. In this review we summarize current methods of terrestrial biogeochemical cycle validation utilized by CMIP6 participants and concurrent community model comparison studies. We focus on variables including: the dimensions of evaluations, observation-based reference datasets, and metrics of model performance. To ensure objective and thorough validations for the seventh phase of CMIP (CMIP7) we recommend the use of a standard validation protocol employing a broad suite of certainty-weighted observation-based reference datasets, targeted model performance metrics, and comparisons across a range of spatiotemporal scales.
An emergency response model for evaluating the formation and dispersion of plumes originating from major fires (BUOYANT v4.20)
Authors: Kukkonen Jaakko , Nikmo Juha , Riikonen Kari , Westerholm Ilmo , Ilvessalo Pekko , Bergman Tuomo , Haikarainen Klaus
Published: May 2021

Abstract. A mathematical model called BUOYANT has previously been developed for the evaluation of the dispersion of positively buoyant plumes originating from major warehouse fires. The model addresses the variations of the cross-plume integrated properties of a rising plume in a vertically varying atmosphere and the atmospheric dispersion after the plume rise regime. We have described in this article an extension of the BUOYANT model to include a detailed treatment of the early evolution of the fire plumes, before the plume rise and atmospheric dispersion regimes. The model input and output consist of selected characteristics of forest or pool fires, and the properties of a source term for the plume rise module, respectively. The main model structure of this source term model is based on the differential equations for low-momentum releases of buoyant material, which govern the evolution of the plume radius, velocity and density differences. The model is also partially based on various experimental results on fire plumes. We have evaluated the refined BUOYANT model by comparing the model predictions against the experimental field-scale data of the Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment, RxCADRE. The predicted concentrations of CO2 agreed fairly well with the aircraft measurements conducted in the RxCADRE campaign. We have also compiled an operational version of the model. The operational model can be used for emergency contingency planning and for the training of emergency personnel, in case of major forest and pool fires.
DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF BANKING RISK MANAGEMENT
Authors: Chaikina Elena Vasilievna , Makhota Alina Nikolaevna
Published: May 2021

Banking risks are one of the most important problems of credit institutions, as they have a direct impact on the financial situation of a commercial bank and the entire financial system of our country. This article discusses the essence of banking risk, its types and causes. The reasons for the occurrence of bank risks of both external and internal nature are summarized. The principles of creating an effective risk management system are systematized. Strategic and tactical methods and tools of risk management are summarized. The mandatory elements of improving the efficiency of the bank risk management system are identified.
Los estudios sobre las mujeres de al-Andalus. Un estado de la cuestión
Authors: Boloix Gallardo Bárbara
Published: May 2021

El estudio de las mujeres de al-Andalus ha constituido un tema que ha generado un creciente interés científico multidisciplinar, pues ha sido cultivado tanto en el ámbito del arabismo como en otras ramas de las Humanidades y de las Ciencias Sociales del mundo académico nacional e internacional. Conscientes de la numerosa bibliografía que ha producido, el presente artículo pretende ofrecer un estado de la cuestión actualizado de los principales estudios dedicados a este asunto, rastreando sus antecedentes historiográficos en el siglo xix y repasando, tanto desde el punto de vista del contenido como desde una perspectiva metodológica, su desarrollo a lo largo del siglo xx y su consolidación en el xxi. También trata de identificar los puntos débiles de este tema que aún deben ser reforzados en futuros trabajos. Con esta revisión, pretendemos ofrecer una útil guía de referencia que pueda servir de orientación a investigadoras e investigadores interesados en esta línea de investigación.
El silencio y la escucha: métodos para la obtención del conocimiento en la literatura árabe formativa (ss. II-VIII/III-IX)
Authors: Samba Campos Estrella
Published: May 2021

Este artículo analiza las manifestaciones narrativas del silencio (ṣamt) y la escucha (istimāʿ) en la literatura árabe formativa (ss. II-VIII/III-IX), imbricada en la Antigüedad Tardía, que aborda la compleja relación entre lo oral y lo escrito. En el periodo abbasí temprano, aunque la palabra y el discurso (kalām, naqṭ) son el principal canal para comprender una revelación ininterrumpida (mutawātir) de la tradición profética (ḥadīṯ), el silencio y la escucha destacan como requisitos previos al habla, dentro de una conducta ejemplar. Según se observa en las colecciones exegéticas (muṣannaf) y en la temprana prosa educativa (adab), ambas nociones representan estados (cognitivos) de aprendizaje (taʿallum) en una sociedad paulatinamente urbana, cosmopolita y con carácter predominantemente masculino. A partir de la fenomenología del sonido –y la primacía de este como medio en una cultura auditiva– se concluye que las narrativas presentadas manifiestan (i) un desarrollo educativo «binaural», «por escucha» y en quienes «escuchan» y (ii) la transmisión y recepción del conocimiento (ʿilm) como una experiencia sonora.
Orientando conciencias… Política, ideología y opinión en un diario de provincias, "La Región"
Authors: Prada Rodríguez Julio
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se analiza el papel del periódico La Región en la configuración de una alternativa católica, conservadora y de orden desde su fundación en 1910 hasta 1945. Para ello se utiliza un amplio repertorio de fuentes documentales procedente de diferentes archivos públicos y privados que permite desvelar las estrategias de sus principales impulsores y las luchas entabladas por el control de la opinión pública ourensana. Se concluye destacando su relevante papel en numerosas operaciones políticas orquestadas desde diferentes sectores de la derecha y las claves de su centenaria supervivencia, relacionadas con el decisivo papel jugado por el clero y por sus socios protectores y la capacidad de adaptación demostrada frente a los cambios de gobiernos y de regímenes políticos.
Introducción
Authors: Bouzat Andrés , Navarro Pablo , Esandi Luis
Published: May 2021

El núcleo de los derechos individuales ha sido denominado como ‘el coto vedado’, para resaltar su independencia frente a argumentos políticos. Para las teorías que atribuyen derechos morales a los individuos, algunas de sus preocupaciones centrales son las siguientes: ¿qué consecuencias se derivan de esta asignación de derechos para el diseño institucional de una comunidad?; ¿de qué manera se puede proteger jurídicamente a este núcleo de derechos individuales?; ¿es conveniente introducir los derechos recogidos en el coto vedado en principios de rango constitucional? El presente volumen ofrece un análisis de estos problemas.
Cinco observaciones sobre validez y derogación
Authors: Guastini Riccardo
Published: May 2021

En este texto se sostiene que el fenómeno de las normas inválidas que resultan no obstante aplicables no tiene, a pesar del esfuerzo de Rodríguez, Oruneso y Sucar, nada de misterioso. A menos que se asuma (tácitamente) un concepto de validez tal que las normas inválidas deban, por definición, ser inaplicables, carentes de efectos jurídicos; a menos, en suma, que se identifique validez y aplicabilidad, o que se asuma que la validez sea condición necesaria y suficiente de la aplicabilidad.
Inconstitucionalidad, legalidad y orden jurídico
Authors: Perot Pablo Martín
Published: May 2021

En el presente trabajo se intentará efectuar algunas precisiones conceptuales respecto de la noción de “inconstitucionalidad”, para luego ofrecer reconstrucciones diversas del criterio de legalidad que presupone cada modelo de orden jurídico. Para finalizar, se planteará un interrogante que permite marcar cierta relación entre el orden jurídico depurado y los presupuestos del positivismo incluyente.
Sobre la prueba y el proceso penal
Authors: Ibáñez Perfecto Andrés
Published: May 2021

En este texto propongo una aproximación desde Taruffo, es decir desde su modo de entender la cuestión probatoria, a algunas cuestiones y tópicos de la justicia penal, tomando, claro está, las necesarias referencias, de la práctica actual los tribunales españoles.
Cristina Redondo sobre razones y normas
Authors: Moreso José Juan
Published: May 2021

El trabajo de Redondo está repleto de consideraciones valiosas y de cuestiones incidentales tratadas con agudeza suma. Sin embargo, voy a limitar este comentario a tres cuestiones planteadas por la autora: el trasfondo metafísico de la polémica entre universalismo y particularismo, las tres nociones de universalidad de las normas presentadas en el trabajo y, por último, un dilema que la autora plantea a Dworkin y al positivismo jurídico inclusivo (p. 57) y, que dicho ahora de modo muy simplificado, plantea la necesidad de que estas concepciones renuncien a la universalidad o bien de las razones jurídicas o bien de las razones morales. Al hilo de este dilema tendré ocasión de plantear aquella concepción más adecuada, en mi opinión, de las razones morales y de las razones jurídicas y, también, su lugar en el razonamiento práctico
Introducción a Derecho y Autoridad
Authors: Gaido Paula
Published: May 2021

El texto principal de esta discusión, a cargo de Carlos Rosenkrantz propone la discusión de una tesis fuerte, y esta es la que sostiene que no hay derecho sin autoridad; o, en otras palabras, que afirmar la existencia del derecho es afirmar su fuerza obligatoria. A su vez, extrema las conclusiones que de ella se derivan al sostener que hay circunstancias en las que el derecho puede vincular incluso a aquellos que son víctimas de la injusticia económica y social producida por las reglas de juego que el propio derecho genera. La empresa con la cual está comprometido Rosenkrantz es una filosófica y normativa. Es así como lo que le interesa es proponer un concepto de derecho que incluya la idea de autoridad, de manera tal que sea posible sostener que el derecho es fuente de razones pro tanto para actuar.

Lo discuten con diferentes argumentos Lucas Grosman, María Iglesias Vila, Jorge Rodríguez y Hugo Seleme
La autoridad del derecho y la injusticia económica y social
Authors: Rosenkrantz Carlos
Published: May 2021

El tema de este artículo es la relación entre el derecho y la injusticia económica y social. Me interesa analizar si el derecho posee un poder normativo tal que incluso en aquellas comunidades donde los recursos económicos y sociales están mal o injustamente distribuidos debemos obedecer al derecho, diferir nuestro juicio acerca de lo que hay que hacer y comportarnos del modo en que el derecho ordena que lo hagamos.
Infracción punible de deberes de tolerancia: el problema de la causalidad
Authors: Pérez Barberá Gabriel
Published: May 2021

El artículo discute los puntos principales del texto de Silva Sánchez, con especial énfasis en el problema de la causalidad
El fundamento jurídico de un derecho de necesidad
Authors: Bouzat Andrés , Cantaro Alejandro , Navarro Pablo
Published: May 2021

El artículo discute las ideas centrales en el trabajo de Silva Sánchez en este volumen
Martillos y clavos: una respuesta a “Normas penales y conflicto de deberes”, de Juan Pablo Alonso
Authors: De Urbina Gimeno Iñigo Ortiz
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo se mostrará que la especificación de los sistemas del juez y el ciudadano que realiza Juan Pablo Alonso en “normas penales y conflicto de deberes” es inadecuada (apartado II). Luego, se mostrará que también lo es su aplicación de la institución dogmática de la colisión de deberes al caso concreto (apartado III). El trabajo concluye con una sucinta reflexión final (apartado IV).
Las razones de la coherencia
Authors: Michelon Claudio
Published: May 2021

El artículo está centrado en dos problemas relacionados, a saber, los problemas del valor y de la insuficiencia de la coherencia como estándar de justificación racional. Sobre el valor de la coherencia, me parece que los argumentos generales presentados por Amaya, en particular el argumento epistémico, no son suficientes para justificar su conclusión. Aún más, existen argumentos que específicamente, en particular en el ámbito de la razón práctica, logran justificar con éxito el valor de la coherencia como criterio de racionalidad.
Tre osservazioni su diez tesis acerca de la coherencia en el Derecho
Authors: Schiavello Aldo
Published: May 2021

El artículo está dedicado a tres observaciones críticas sobre la concepción de la coherencia defendida por Amaya. Estas observaciones se refieren a: a) la supuesta incompatibilidad entre la coherencia y la concepción instrumental de la razón práctica; b) la aspiración a la best explanation y, finalmente, c) al vínculo entre la coherencia y la responsabilidad epistémica.
Acciones, medios y consecuencias. Algunas reflexiones acerca del dolo directo de segundo grado
Authors: Manrique María Laura
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se profundiza y discute el dolo directo de segundo grado que, a diferencia de otras figuras en la teoría del delito, no ha generado gran discusión en la dogmática penal. La dogmática penal se vería enriquecida si diera mayor importancia a la diferencia entre medios necesarios y consecuencias necesarias. Estos conceptos son útiles para despejar algunas ambigüedades que subyacen al tratamiento que la dogmática hace del dolo directo de segundo grado y de la idea de conexiones necesarias. En el texto se profundizan dichos conceptos.
Las dos vías del realismo moral
Authors: Luque Sánchez Pau
Published: May 2021

El realismo moral es una de las dos posiciones dominantes en el debate metaético (la otra sería el antirrealismo), tanto en la actualidad como a lo largo del siglo XX. Sostiene dos grandes tesis. Por un lado, el significado de los juicios morales es apto para ser evaluado en términos de verdad y de falsedad. Esta es la denominada tesis del cognitivismo semántico. Por otro lado, la segunda tesis afirma que tales juicios hacen referencia a la existencia de hechos o propiedades morales, que actúan como condiciones de verdad de los juicios morales. Esta segunda tesis es conocida como la tesis ontológica. El artículo explica y pone en cuestión las diferencias ontológicas y epistemológicas entre ambas tesis.
Distinciones y paralogismos. A propósito del escepticismo guastiniano
Authors: Lifante Vidal Isabel
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es señalar mis discrepancias con las dos tesis centrales de Guastini. A la primera la he denominado “tesis del segregacionismo discursivo” y, a la segunda, “escepticismo moderado”. Respecto a la segunda, el trabajo pretende señalar el carácter inconsistente de los argumentos en que Guastini basa, por un lado, su escepticismo (la omnipresente indeterminación jurídica y la ausencia de criterios de corrección) y, por otro, su carácter moderado (la existencia de significados previos que limitan la interpretación). El artículo intenta mostrar que esas inconsistencias hacen imposible sostener el escepticismo moderado en los términos en que Guastini lo defiende, pues si no se abandonan los presupuestos en que fundamenta su escepticismo, el mismo acaba resultando radical (negando la existencia de significados previos); y si se quiere mantener ese carácter moderado es necesario abandonar la tesis de la omnipresente indeterminación junto a la ausencia de criterios de corrección.
La clase interpretadora
Authors: Bouvier Hernán G.
Published: May 2021

Este artículo plantea tres cuestiones a “El escepticismo ante las reglas replanteado” de Riccardo Guastini. En primer lugar se hará una breve consideración con miras a proponer una clave de lectura sobre la “teoría” de Guastini. Incidentalmente se plantea una duda. Pero lo que más interesa aquí es realzar una forma de leer la propuesta general del texto bajo discusión. En segundo lugar, se hace foco en las consideraciones explicativas sobre la multiplicidad de interpretaciones y los condicionantes del pensamiento de quienes aplican las normas. En tercer lugar, se formula una pregunta genuina al autor.