bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling U Gem Outbursts: Light Curve Analysis and Exploring Correlations of Outburst Mechanism
Authors: Zobair Talha , Hasan S.M. Fuad
Published: September 2024

As a nova-typed cataclysmic star, U Gem exhibits outbursts in brightness and stars like this have left astronomers puzzled about the underlying mechanism. By analyzing U Gem’s light curve (a graph representing its changing magnitude over time which reveals the outburst cycle), spectrums, and the temperature variation of its white dwarf component, we gained a bit of understanding of these outbursts. Using professional data sites like The American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) and the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we gathered light curves to identify different phases of outbursts as well as collected the visible spectrums and UV spectrums. During the narrow and wide outbursts, it brightened about an average of 4.7 mags, and 5.6667 mags respectively in Vis. band, the radial velocity increased 314.486 ± 11.2 km/s from the quiescence phase to the decline phase, and the WD cools from a temperature of ~41,500 K, 15 days after the peak of the outburst, to ~36,250 K, 56 days after the peak of the outburst. By studying periods of outbursts, we have linked them to material activities in U Gem. The Balmer spectral lines were also investigated to follow the variations in radial velocity during outburst phases. Correlating these phases with variations in radial velocity, derived from spectral line shifts, and white dwarf temperature changes during quiescence provides crucial insights into the system's behavior and helps to understand the dynamics of the accretion disk and the evolution of cataclysmic variable stars. This, I hope, is going to make it easier for others who may wish to study further about cataclysmic variable stars and the intricate dynamics of peculiar stars like this one to do so.
Maternal oral reading expressiveness in relation to toddlers’ concurrent language skills across a continuum of early language abilities
Authors: Zuk Jennifer , Davison Kelsey E. , Doherty Laura , Manning Brittany L. , Wakschlag Lauren S. , Norton Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

Purpose: A rich body of evidence has illuminated the importance of caregivers’ use of prosody in facilitating young children’s language development. Although caregiver-child shared reading has been repeatedly linked to children’s language skills, caregiver prosody during shared reading interactions (i.e., oral reading expressiveness) has been largely overlooked in research to date. Here we investigated whether maternal oral reading expressiveness is associated with language skills among late-talking and typical-talking toddlers.Method: 40 mother-child dyads, with toddlers classified as either late talkers (n = 18) or typical talkers (n = 22), engaged in a shared reading interaction. Acoustic measures of oral reading expressiveness (mean fundamental frequency (fo), rate) were compared between mothers of late versus typical talkers. Whole-group analyses then examined oral reading expressiveness in relation to toddlers’ concurrent receptive and expressive language skills across the continuum.Results: Between-group comparisons of mothers of late versus typical talkers revealed no group differences in oral reading expressiveness. Yet, whole-group, continuous analyses of maternal oral reading expressiveness in relation to toddler’s concurrent language skills revealed that maternal oral reading expressiveness, specifically mean fo, significantly contributed to the prediction of toddlers’ receptive language skills, accounting for demographic and socioeconomic factors.Conclusion: Initial findings suggest that maternal oral reading expressiveness is associated with children’s emerging language skills and warrant further investigation of how this relates to broader aspects of children’s home language environments. This work carries implications for oral reading expressiveness as one facet of shared reading with potential to facilitate early language skill development.
Victim-Help Seeking Patterns and How They Can Inform Future Support Services for Victims of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)
Authors: Trafford Lucy , Le Ba Linh
Published: September 2024

This research seeks to explore victims help-seeking behaviours using data from a representative general population sample of 2,048 German participants, 420 (20.5%) of which experienced IPV within their lifetime. It considers variations in victims' help-seeking strategies and the type of help sought (informal, formal, both or neither) based on victims' individual and situational characteristics. Victims were asked about who they sought help from (if anyone) and how long they had been in the relationship prior to seeking help for abuse, as well as the total duration of abuse suffered. Statistical tests were used to test the association between victim demographics, abuse duration and help-seeking behaviours. The key finding emerging from this research is that abuse duration is positively correlated with time taken to seek help. Where victims are unable to seek help for abuse suffered during the earlier stages of their relationship, they are likely to stay within the abusive relationship for a longer time. Victims in shorter abusive relationships are more likely to seek help from friends and family, while those in longer relationships seek help from professional services more often. Male victims are more likely to seek help from health services, while women are more likely to confide in family and friends. Older victims are the least likely to seek help from anyone. Furthermore, the complexity of relationships appears to affect victims help-seeking, as victims are more likely to be in longer relationships as their age and number of children increase. These findings indicate the importance of bolstering victims’ informal support networks and understanding why victims seek help from different places - at various stages - to improve formal support services.
Temperature and Sex Ratios at Birth
Authors: Abdel Ghany Jasmin , Wilde Joshua K. , Dimitrova Anna , Kashyap Ridhi , Muttarak Raya
Published: September 2024

Human sex ratios at birth (SRBs) shape population composition and are closely linked to maternal health and gender discrimination. In the context of climate change, SRBs may theoretically be skewed by physiological or behavioral responses to exposure to global warming. However, evidence for this is limited. In this study, we estimate the effect of prenatal exposure to temperature on birth sex by linking survey data on 5 million live births in 33 sub-Saharan African countries and India with high-resolution temperature data. To distinguish between spontaneous and induced abortions, we exploit sociodemographic differentials, exposure timing, and regional differences in son preference. We find that days with a maximum temperature above 20°C are negatively associated with male births in both regions. In sub-Saharan Africa, we observe fewer male births after high first trimester temperature exposure, consistent with increased spontaneous abortions from maternal heat stress. This is particularly true for births by mothers in rural areas, with little formal education, and for higher birth orders. By contrast, in India we find second trimester temperature exposure is associated with fewer male births, consistent with reductions in induced sex-selective abortions against girls. As expected, these reductions are concentrated in higher birth orders and older mothers. We also find large reductions in male births by sonless mothers in northern Indian states, where son preference is greater. These findings demonstrate that climate change harms maternal health, increases prenatal mortality, and reduces engagement with the health system, leading to a complex effect on sex ratios at birth.
Supervised learning outperforms unsupervised learning only for categories of intermediate difficulty
Authors: Bröker Franziska , Plaut David C , Holt Lori L.
Published: September 2024

Humans learn about the world both when supervision is present and when it is absent. The degree to which existing internal representations align with task demands affects how supervised and unsupervised learning progress. However, mixed results in the literature demand a systematic test of whether supervision is particularly beneficial when tasks align (or misalign) with internal representations. We assessed a large sample (N=662) of participants in an auditory category learning task in which we manipulated supervision and alignment. Our results replicate both that supervised and unsupervised learning are more successful when representations and task demands align, and that supervised learning is generally beneficial. Importantly, our results also indicate that the benefit of supervision is inversely U-shaped, such that it is greatest when tasks are challenging but diminishes when tasks are too easy or too difficult. We explain how our results reconcile the mixed findings in the literature, and speculate how other aspects of learning could further modulate the influence of alignment. Our demonstration that assessment of representation-to-task alignment affects supervised and unsupervised learning to different degrees has implications for instructional design.
Patterns of help-seeking for mental health problems in 1,001 neurodivergent adolescents who self-harm
Authors: Skripkauskaite Simona , Geulayov Galit , Fazel Mina , Borschmann Rohan
Published: September 2024

Background. The prevalence of self-harm is higher in neurodivergent than in neurotypical individuals. Help-seeking is an important component of the management of mental health problems and self-harm, but neurodivergent individuals report encountering multiple barriers in accessing support.Aims. To understand whether and how neurodivergent adolescents who self-harm seek, receive, and perceive mental health support in comparison to their peers.Method. Participants were 12,209 adolescents (aged 11-18 years) from the OxWell 2023 Student Survey in English schools. Of these, 1,001 (8.2%) identified as neurodivergent and reported self-harm. We conducted three separate mixed-effect models to examine (1) help-seeking, (2) receipt, and (3) perceived helpfulness of the support. Results. Proportionally more adolescents who reported both self-harm and neurodivergence sought help compared to their peers who reported no self-harm and/or no neurodivergence. All adolescents were more likely to seek support from informal than formal sources and least likely to seek support online. Yet, neurodivergent adolescents who self-harm were more likely to seek formal support than their peers. When support was sought, adolescents in all groups were likely to receive it. However, those who reported either self-harm or neurodivergence were less likely to perceive the support received as helpful, especially from formal sources.Conclusion. Neurodivergent adolescents who self-harm report greater unmet need for mental health support, but not due to a lack of help-seeking. These findings, instead, point to issues with the appropriateness and acceptability of support received. This highlights the need for tailoring existing interventions to suit the specific needs of this population.
The social self in the developing brain
Authors: Grossmann Tobias
Published: September 2024

The notion that the self is fundamentally social in nature and develops through social interactions has a long tradition in philosophy, sociology, and psychology. However, to date, the early development of the social self and its brain bases in infancy has received relatively little attention. This presents a review and synthesis of existing neuroimaging research, showing that infants recruit brain systems, involved in self-processing and social cognition in adults, when responding to self-relevant cues during social interactions. Moreover, this review draws on recent research, demonstrating the early developmental emergence and social embeddedness/dependency of the default-mode network in infancy, a brain network considered of critical importance to the sense of self and social cognition. This stands in contrast to research pointing to the relatively late ontogenetic emergence of the conceptual self, by about 18 to 24 months of age, as seen in the mirror-self recognition test. Based on this review and synthesis, the social self first hypothesis (SSFH) is formulated, presenting an integrated view, arguing for the early ontogenetic emergence of the social self and its brain basis. This developmental account informs and extends existing evolutionary thinking, emphasizing the primary role that social interdependence has played in the evolution of the human mind.
Unraveling the mind wandering-ADHD connection: The differential impact of subjective feelings of inattention and remembered mind wandering on symptoms and well-being.
Authors: Yeo Liam , Fernando Emma , Brosowsky Nicholaus P.
Published: September 2024

Mind wandering is frequently associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet the precise nature of this relationship remains elusive. The current study applies a novel approach from mind wandering research to the context of ADHD, distinguishing between remembered mind wandering (explicitly recalling off-task thoughts) and subjective feelings of inattention (sensing one's mind has wandered without recalling specific thoughts). We investigated how these distinct aspects of inattention relate to ADHD symptomatology and well-being. Participants from university and online ADHD communities completed the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) incorporating our thought probe methodology, along with measures of ADHD symptoms and well-being. Results revealed a double dissociation: subjective feelings of inattention predicted overall ADHD symptomatology, inattention symptoms, and measures of well-being and daily impairment, while remembered mind wandering only predicted hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. Our findings suggest that the link between mind wandering and ADHD is best characterized as an association between subjective feelings of inattention and inattention symptoms. We propose that this association can be explained in terms of executive dysfunction, which may underlie both increased subjective feelings of inattention and symptoms of ADHD. This nuanced perspective provides novel insights into the complex relationship between mind wandering and ADHD, underscoring the importance of considering multiple dimensions of inattention in both research and clinical contexts.
Greek validation of the Scale on Beliefs about Children’s Adjustment in Same-Sex Families (SBCASSF)
Authors: Daoultzis Konstantinos Christos , Kordoutis Panos
Published: September 2024

The aim of the study is to validate the Greek version of the Beliefs about Children’s Adjustment in Same-Sex Families Scale (BCASSFA, Frias-Navarro & Monterde-i-Bort, 2012, 2017). Participants (n = 361) living in Greece, responded also to Beliefs about the Etiology of Sexual Orientation, to Opinions About the Rights of Individuals with a Homosexual Sexual Orientation, and to theoretically relevant demographic variables. Exploratory and Confirmatory Analyses identified two types of attitudes against same-sex parenting: individual opposition and normative opposition, supporting the internal structure of the original tool. Reliability of the BCASSFA in a Greek population was also established. The findings also demonstrated that personal contact, liberal political opinions and supporting the civil rights of gay people correlated negatively with the attitudes towards same-sex parents. On the other hand, conservative political beliefs, religiosity, and the belief that homosexuality is learned correlated positively with rejection of same-sex parents. Overall, the findings suggest that the Greek translation of the BCASSFA is suitable for research use, and it can be useful in planning intervention programs focusing on certain factors including religiosity, political conservatism, and interpersonal contact.
Unraveling Human Social Evolution: The Influence of Patriarchy in Sexual Dynamics
Authors: Pater Ciprian Florin
Published: September 2024

This paper re-examines the foundations of human social structures by integratingempirical data, advanced statistical analyses, and interdisciplinary research from an-thropology, psychology, sociology, neurobiology, and evolutionary biology. It exploreshow factors such as sexual dynamics, neurobiological drivers—particularly the role ofdopamine—cooperation, environmental pressures, resource allocation, and mutual ben-efit have shaped human societies. By incorporating case studies, refined mathematicalmodels, and advanced statistical methods, the study enhances methodological rigorand formulates testable predictions. It addresses alternative explanations, considersconfounding variables like economic conditions and technological access, and expandsthe theoretical framework to include evolutionary psychology and social learning the-ory. Ethical considerations and cultural sensitivity are emphasized throughout. Thismultifaceted approach provides a nuanced understanding of human social evolution andunderscores the importance of interdisciplinary integration and empirical validation inexamining the complex factors that have shaped human societies.
शाहजहाँको इच्छा कविताको लयविधान
Authors: अधिकारी Adhikari अनिल Anil , रेग्मी Regmi रेखा Rekha , कार्की Karki बेनुबहादुर Benu Bahadur , ढकाल Dhakal निर्मला Nirmala
Published: September 2024

यो लेख शाहजहाँको इच्छा कवितामा लयविधान विषयक मूलसमस्याको समाधानमा केन्द्रित छ । गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान, पाठविश्लेषण ढाँचा र विश्लेषणात्मक विधिको प्रयोग हुने यस लेखमा लयविधान सैद्धान्तिक आधार हो । कवितामा एक मात्रादेखि अर्को मात्रासम्म पुग्दा लाग्ने अवधि लय हो भने यसको उत्पत्ति गति, यति, प्रवाह र विश्रामको नियमित र क्रमबद्ध सङ्घातबाट हुने गर्दछ । काव्यिक सङ्कथनमा ध्वनितत्त्वको व्यवस्थित संयोजनबाट निर्माण हुने साङ्गीतिक अन्तप्र्रवाह नै लयका रूपमा स्थापित हुन्छ भने छन्दोबद्ध कवितामा यसप्रकारको अन्तप्र्रवाह अनुच्छेद योजना र पङ्क्तिविन्यास, आवृत्ति/समानान्तरता, विचलन, लोप, लेख्यचिह्न तथा शब्दको वैपरीत्यमूलक प्रयोगजस्ता सूक्ष्म पक्षले सिर्जना गर्ने समध्वन्यात्मक उच्चार, ध्वनिसङ्गीत, लयात्मकता र तिनको अन्तर्सम्बन्ध अन्तर्साङ्गीतिकलालाई थप सशक्त तुल्याउने आधार बन्दछन् । प्रस्तुत कविता मात्रा छन्दमा संरचित सघन ध्वन्यात्मक साङ्गीतिकता प्रवाहित कविता हो । यस कवितामा रकारादि अन्तस्थ तथा स्पर्शी वर्णको प्रचूर आवृत्तिले काव्यिक लयप्रवाहमा ध्वन्यात्मक साङ्गीतिकता सिर्जना गर्दै कवितालाई माधुर्य गुणसम्पन्न तुल्याएको छ भने निनादपूर्ण सुललित कोमल पदावलीको संयोजनले काव्यिक भाव र लयबीच तादात्म्य सम्बन्ध स्थापित गरी सन्तुलित विश्राम र आवृत्तिलाई व्यवस्थित तुल्याउन प्रयोग गरिएका लेख्यचिह्न तथ वैपरीत्यमूलक शब्दविन्यास रहेको प्रस्तुत कविता उच्चतम ध्वनिसाङ्गीतिकताका कारण गीत्यात्मकतातर्फ अभिमुख कविता रहेको विषयमा विमर्श भएको छ ।
Dividend policy of Nepalese non-financial enterprises
Authors: Dhital Yubaraj
Published: September 2024

This study examines the effect of Market price per share, earnings per share, net profit margin, return on assets and degree of leverage on dividend per share and dividend payment ratio of Nepalese non-financial enterprises. The samples used in this research are manufacture companies, hydropowers and hotels & others listed in Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE). Earnings per share, net profit margin, return on assets and degree of leverage are independent variables and market price per share, dividend per share and dividend payout ratio used as dependent variables. The study examines a total of 17 Nepalese non-financial enterprises with 124 observations during the period from 2066/67 to 2075/76 B.S. The descriptive and correlation models are estimated to test the significance and importance of Market price per share, earnings per share, net profit margin, return on assets, degree of leverage on dividend policy of Nepalese non-financial firms. The result showed that market price per share, earning per share, net profit margin, return on assets, have significant positive effect on dividend policy. Similarly, debt equity ratio has negative impact on dividend policy. Likewise, earning per share has negative impact on dividend payout ratio. The results of this study are expected to be implemented by the financial managers in improving market price per share and signaling effect of dividend policy.
Caracterización de los pacientes atendidos con accidente ofídico en el Hospital Regional de la Orinoquía
Authors: Mateus Fontecha Ana Marcela , Rubiano Sánchez Claudia Juliana , Ríos Tinoco Ingrid Paola , Vacca Carvajal Bryan Felipe , Vargas Rodríguez Ledmar Jovanny , García Agudelo Lorena , Noguera Fonseca Juliana
Published: September 2024

Introduction: an ophidian accident is an intoxication due to snakebite venom inoculation. In Colombia, venomous snakes belong to the Viperidae, Elpidae and Colubridae genus. The bite causes tissue damage and characteristic clinical manifestations, including variable local and systemic pathophysiological alterations. Objective: to characterize patients with ophidian accidents treated at Hospital Regional de la Orinoquia (HORO) of Yopal, Colombia. Materials and methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study, was conducted. All patients with snakebites who attended HORO between January 1, 2014, and May 30, 2020, were included. Results: 571 patients affected by an ophidian accident were identified; 70.1% were males; the minimum age at occurrence was 2 years and the maximum age, 89 years; most cases occurred in 2018 (19.5%). These accidents happened more often when walking along trails (31.2%) and in agricultural activities (29.6%). Bites predominantly involve the lower limbs (70.2%). Conclusions: ophidian accidents are a major public health problem, due to their frequency and outcomes. They are featured by tissue lesions and pathophysiological alterations, which can lead to critical illness and death.
Percepción de aprendizajes esperados en estudiantes de enfermería para el cuidado del paciente en situaciones críticas
Authors: Buitrago Buitrago Carmen Yaneth , Castiblanco-Montañez Ruth Alexandra , Torres Vega Jenniffer , Velásquez Garzón Jeimmy Lorena , Parra Calderón Jonatan
Published: September 2024

Objective: to describe the expected learning outcomes perceived by fifth semester student nurses of the Health Sciences University Foundation –FUCS- Bogotá, Colombia, regarding critical care, after the implementation of a problem-based learning (PBL) didactic unit. Method:  descriptive quantitative cross-sectional study in which, a Likert-type questionnaire designed Ad hoc, was applied. A sample of 43 students was obtained by convenience sampling. Results: we evaluated four dimensions: expected learning, care management, didactics and PBL. The highest score was obtained by care management, and expected learning received the lowest score. The first two dimensions, which were focused on learning and care management, obtained an average score of 4.11/5, and their relationship is very close to the achievement of competencies; on the other hand, the last two, aimed at evaluating the development of the PBL didactic unit, obtained an average score of 4/5. Conclusions: the use of the PBL methodology as a strategy in the teaching-learning process for the development of skills and competencies for care in critical situations was perceived as positive by students, thus, the institution should strengthen this type of training.
Patología placentaria en restricción del crecimiento fetal y trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo
Authors: Potosí García Jorge Andrés , Ortiz Martínez Roberth Alino , Bermudes Roa Jesús Ramón , Castro Castillo Miguel Ángel , Ijaji Piampa Jhon Edinson
Published: September 2024

Introduction: hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and fetal growth restriction are conditions which have a great impact, sharing their pathogenesis in abnormal placentation. The histological study of the placenta allows understanding part of these phenomena, besides having academic, medical, and legal implications. Objective: to characterize placental anatomopathological findings in women diagnosed with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and/or fetal growth restriction in a high complexity hospital in Popayán, Colombia. Methods: a cross-sectional observational study, including a population of women who during their pregnancy were diagnosed with fetal growth restriction and / or hypertensive disorders, between 2019 and 2020, in whom a placental anatomopathological examination was performed. Results: of the 155 cases analyzed, 99.35% evidenced maternal vascular malperfusion, 70.97% fetal vascular malperfusion, 4.52% delayed villous maturation, and.35% inflammation. Conclusions: this study revealed high prevalence of abnormal histopathological findings which correlate to those reported in the literature.
Konflik Subkultur Komunitas Seni Grafiti di Indonesia
Authors: Saleh Andri , Kinanti Annisa Shafa , Husaini Azis
Published: September 2024

Seni grafiti adalah salah satu seni visual jalanan yang akhir-akhir ini digandrungi oleh anak-anak muda. Dalam perkembangannya, anak-anak muda tersebut membentuk komunitas seni grafiti di wilayahnya masing-masing sebagai wadah dalam menyalurkan kreativitas, aktualisasi diri, dan eksistensi diri. Seiring berjalannya waktu, komunitas seni grafiti ini semakin bertambah banyak sedangkan ruang publik untuk memajang karya seni visual mereka sangat terbatas. Hal ini justru memicu konflik internal di antara mereka. Masing-masing komunitas membuat wilayah teritorial mereka sendiri dan mengklaimnya sebagai wilayah kekuasaan mereka. Kondisi seperti ini membuat mereka saling merebut wilayah teritorial tersebut. Akhirnya, konflik ini berujung pada insiden penusukan salah satu anggota komunitas seni grafiti yang sedang berselisih dan masuk dalam ranah pidana. Penelitian ini membahas latar belakang konflik antar komunitas seni grafiti dan bagaimana penyelesaian dari konflik tersebut ditinjau dari sudut pandang ilmu komunikasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus intrinsik. Adapun teknik pengumpulan datanya adalah melalui in-depth interview terhadap tujuh orang anggota komunitas seni grafiti, observasi lapangan, dan pengumpulan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa insiden penusukan terhadap salah satu anggota komunitas seni grafiti yang sedang berkonflik itu disebabkan oleh motif eksistensi kelompok. Mereka ingin menunjukkan jati diri, kekuasaan daerah teritorial, sekaligus mendapatkan pengakuan dari sesama komunitas seni grafiti dalam berkarya seni.
Lesbian and Gay Liberation in Canada: Making Canadian LGBTQ2+ History Accessible
Authors: Dangoisse Pascale , Basmechi Farinaz , Schwartz Michelle , Crompton Constance , Lipski Candice
Published: September 2024

Background: Since 2011, the Lesbian and Gay Liberation in Canada project has sought to make the history of the LGBTQ2+ movement in Canada more accessible to a wide range of users.

Analysis: We review approaches we have taken to further our vision, from digitization to graph databases, ontology development, and public engagement through Wikipedia edit-a-thons.

Conclusions and implications: Having created a robust interface for sharing LGBTQ2+ history, we are able to focus our attention on building up publicly available information on marginalized communities, while also strategizing for the long-term sustainability of our project.
Statistician’s Blues: A Methodological Critique of Measuring the Association between Police and Crime
Authors: Andresen Martin A. , Hodgkinson Tarah , Henderson Samantha
Published: September 2024

Melanie S.S. Seabrook and colleagues (Police funding and crime rates in 20 of Canada’s largest municipalities: A longitudinal study, Canadian Public Policy 49(4) (2023): 383–98) have investigated the relationship between per capita police budgets and crime for 20 of Canada’s largest municipalities. The authors state that there is no consistent relationship between these two variables and question the utility of increased police spending. Their questioning of increased police spending is not necessarily unjustified, particularly given the expansive research that demonstrates that investing in prevention is far more cost effective. However, we scrutinize their data and methods to make such a claim. After reproducing their results, we use more appropriate data and methods to interrogate this relationship. We find support for an association between police officers per capita and lower crime but caution against any causal connection. We discuss the implications of this relationship, if present, and alternative ways to address crime and its prevention.
The role of alexithymia in attachment and binge eating
Authors: Iqbal Sahar , Zachariades Fotini , Obeid Nicole , Jansman Rosanne
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Binge eating is characterized by eating large quantities of food and experiencing lack of control in a discrete time period. Obesity is widespread and causes health and psychosocial problems and is costly to the health care system and society. A possible predisposing factor is early attachment style and its relationship to emotion regulation later in life. When a child is insecurely attached, they may be at risk for developing maladaptive coping strategies such as eating pathology. A possible mechanism related to emotion regulation is alexithymia, a personality trait which co-occurs with insecure attachment and binge eating. To develop a more effective treatment for binge eating in obese individuals, it is important to learn more about relevant psychological factors, thereby improving long-term treatment outcomes.

Methods:

This study utilized a cross-sectional cohort design. Data collected from 92 individuals who completed three self-report questionnaires—Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), Binge Eating Scale (BES), and Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised questionnaire (ECR-R)—which were analyzed using SPSS.

Results:

Results show a significant relationship between insecure attachment and binge eating, and this relationship is mediated by alexithymia in both anxious and avoidant attachment styles. Simple mediator model analyses display that the total indirect effect of the mediator was significant, indicating that alexithymia is a significant partial mediator in the relationship between attachment style and binge eating behaviours.

Conclusions:

This study extends the existing literature on possible predisposing factors and mechanisms in binge eating symptomatology among obese individuals and examined the possible role of alexithymia.
Screening Teachers Effectively Across Roles and Classrooms
Authors: Bruno Paul
Published: September 2024

A growing literature points to the conclusion that information collected while screening applicants has the potential to improve teacher hiring decisions. However, this work sheds little light on the extent to which the predictive validity of screening assessments varies across teacher types or teaching contexts. The author uses information on applicant teachers’ performance on prehire screening assessments in the Los Angeles Unified School District to see whether the relationship between performance on specific screening assessments and the outcomes of hired teachers varies across teacher types or student characteristics. The author finds little evidence that the predictive validity of screening instruments varies between elementary or single-subject teachers, or when teachers serve larger proportions of low-income students or English learners. However, the author finds suggestive evidence that screening instruments predict teachers’ outcomes somewhat differently in special education contexts. Taken as a whole, these results suggest teacher screening systems do not need to be highly differentiated to be useful or can be adapted relatively easily. This bolsters the case for using prehire screening to improve teacher quality and may also indicate the skills and attributes that define teacher quality are largely similar across roles and contexts.
Pediatric Disaster Science: Understanding Needs, Highlighting Imperatives, and Leveraging Opportunities
Authors:   Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Dixon Cinnamon A. , Kwok Richard K. ,   National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Ludwig Lorah ,   Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Peek Lori ,   University of Colorado Boulder, Newton Christopher ,   University of California San Franscisco Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Upperman Jeffrey ,   Vanderbilt University Medical Center, White Jonathan ,   Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, Weiner Debra L. ,   Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Published: September 2024

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) Symposium on Pediatric Disaster Science, which was led by the Action Collaborative for Disaster Research, was held August 1st and 2nd, 2022, in Washington, DC. The meeting convened a broad representation of subject matter experts, including federal and nonfederal partners, with the goal of presenting the scope of perspectives, information, and scientific needs related to disasters affecting children. Meeting goals were achieved through formal presentations and facilitated discussions that identified high level pediatric disaster research priorities, opportunities for synergistic scientific efforts, and considerations and strategies to effectively advance pediatric disaster science to improve outcomes for children in disasters. This three-part discussion paper is part of the Symposium collection of works as a compilation of perspectives, ideas, and discussions shared during the Symposium, with follow-on considerations for the field. Part 1 focuses on pediatric disaster science throughout the disaster cycle; Part 2 addresses the scope of translational science in pediatric disaster management; and Part 3 addresses opportunities for building the infrastructure and workforce to support current and future pediatric disaster science efforts. Associated articles in this Symposium collection of works were submitted after the meeting by experts in the field; these pieces augment some of the themes and key concepts identified throughout the Symposium.
Opportunities for Strengthening Climate Education for Clinical Health Professionals
Authors:   University of Colorado School of Medicine, Lemery Jay , O’Connor Terry ,   University of Colorado School of Medicine, Gillespie Elizabeth ,   University of Colorado School of Medicine, Blackburn Hayley ,   University of Montana Skaggs School of Pharmacy, Demorest Shanda ,   Health Care Without Harm, Philipsborn Rebecca ,   Emory University School of Medicine, Chekuri Bhargavi ,   University of Colorado School of Medicine
Published: September 2024

As we bear witness to increasing disease, injury, disruption, and displacement from a changing climate, health professional education is finally coalescing around the imperative to upgrade training programs to address this health threat. There remains a conspicuous knowledge gap within health care on basic environmental health linkages, health vulnerabilities susceptible to climate change, health care system sustainability and resiliency, and climate health communication and leadership. The authors will review successful examples and demonstrable impacts of current efforts to scale-up a climate-savvy health care workforce and will close with a review of opportunities ahead for this urgent educational movement.
The effect of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on Polysulfone membrane for Pb (II) ions removal in an aqueous solution
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Ismail Nurul Qistina , Yusoff Abdul Hafidz ,   Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Shoparwe Noor Fazliani ,   Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Yusof Nur Nabihah ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Noorazlan Muhammad ,   University Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Ameram Nadiah ,   Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Fares Mohammad M. ,   Jordan University of Science & Technology
Published: September 2024

An unsustainable level of contamination increase is driven by industrialization, population growth and growth in developing countries. Contamination of heavy metal ions in wastewater such as Pb (II) are non-biodegradable and poses a serious threat to human health and other living things. One of the major methods for treating heavy metals contamination is by chemical precipitation. However, it produced hazardous sludge that requires further treatment and used a significant quantity of chemicals during the heavy metals treatment process due to its low impact on the environment. As a result, a membrane filtration method as an alternative treatment for treating heavy metals in wastewater has been investigated. In this study, the membranes were fabricated using the wet phase inversion method approach by incorporating polysulfone (PSF) polymer with dimethylacetamide (solvent) and inclusion of different concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (M1= 0 wt%, M2= 0.5 wt%, M3= 1.0 wt%, M4= 1.5 wt%, M5= 2.0 wt%). The fabricated membranes were tested to remove 50 mg/L Pb (II) ions in aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphological structures of membranes. Moreover, the structural characteristics of fabricated membranes were evaluated according to these parameters; contact angle, porosity and mean pores radius. Furthermore, the performance of the membrane was also evaluated for permeation and rejection flux by using dead-end cell filtration. The results indicate that the M4 membrane with 1.5 wt% SDS had the highest rejection rate (90.52%) for Pb (II) ions. This is likely due to the presence of macrovoids and a porous structure, as shown by SEM analyses. Other supporting evidence includes a lower contact angle (63.91o), higher water uptake (43.58%), higher porosity (85.21%), and a lower mean pore radius (6 nm) for the M4 membrane. The fouling mechanism model suggests that the complete blocking observed in the experimental data indicates that porous blockage occurred on the membrane's surface during the absorption of Pb (II) ions. In conclusion, compared to the pure membrane, it becomes evident that the addition of SDS into the membrane solution enhanced the properties of the membranes. The M4 membrane with a composition of 1.5 wt% concentration SDS demonstrated optimal filtration for removing Pb (II) ions in a water treatment process due to excellent properties mentioned above.
Teaching Mobilities from Where?
Authors: Adey Peter , Cook Simon
Published: September 2024

In this article, we take seriously where we teach mobilities from and why that matters. “Where from?” asks vital questions about how teaching and learning in mobilities are located in various traditions, spaces and bodies that shape knowledges co-produced in the classroom, application beyond it, and the future of the field more widely. Asking “where from?” helps identify how our mobilities pedagogies are situated and the perspectives they emphasize and those they overlook. In this article, we reflect on the creation and evolution of a mobilities course and confront its “where-ing” in four ways, exploring the disciplinary, institutional, positionality, and spatial influences on our pedagogies. We explore why these matter, strategies for negotiating them, and why asking “where from?” is key for anyone teaching mobilities.
Moving (with) Texts
Authors: Peterle Giada
Published: September 2024

If we understand texts both as “spatial events” that take place otherwise in different spatio-temporal contexts but also as “mobile events” that activate mobilities of different kinds, how does this approach influence our teaching of literary geographies? This paper is inspired by the idea that a mobile approach to literary geography may move our pedagogical practices, mobilising creatively our didactics and activating new experimental and performative ways for teaching (with) texts. The article begins by discussing the opportunities and issues related to the teaching of literary geographies through a mobility-centred approach, inspired by mobility studies and creative pedagogies in the geohumanities. Then it discusses empirical examples of teaching activities set in the Italian contexts and imagined for “moving (with) texts” in and outside the classroom.
Human Rights and Journalism in FATA
Authors: Syed Areeja , Gull Azka
Published: September 2024

Journalism in Pakistan is a challenging profession for various reasons; however journalism in the tribal region is an entirely different story. Journalists of the erstwhile FATA endanger their lives every day to earn a minimal amount, some don't even get paid. The past years particularly in 2017 and 2018 saw a renewed wave of violence against the media personnel. The constitutional amendment has been passed and FATA reforms are in play, it is time for the policymakers to work along extending PEMRA laws to the tribal districts, Tribal journalists face intimidation, threats, and pressure from the military as well as the militants. Government and state institutions need to ensure their safety, end the violence against them, end financial exploitation, and work on rehabilitating the displaced journalists from the tribal belt.
Study of roméite solubility in the fluid immiscibility region of the NaF–H2O system at 800°C, 200 MPa
Authors: Redʹkin A. F. , Kotova N. P. , Shapovalov Yu. B. , Nekrasov A. N.
Published: September 2024

New data on roméite (CaNa)Sb2O6F solubility in the NaF–H2O system of P–Q type in a wide range of sodium fluoride concentrations (from 0 to 25 wt. % NaF) have been obtained. The concentration of antimony, in equilibrium with roméite and fluorite, in the range of NaF concentrations from 1 to 8 mol kg−1 H2O (25 wt. % NaF), is in the interval of 0.02–0.2 mol kg−1 H2O. According to the data obtained, the concentration of antimony in the L1 and L2 phases in the fluid immiscibility region of the NaF–H2O system at 800°C, 200 MPa and f(O2) = 50 Pa, specified by the Cu2O–CuO buffer, is 0.4 and 2.1 wt. % Sb, respectively. For the first time, during these experiments, the formation of fluorite skeletal forms and an intermetallic compound Pt5Sb of a hexagonal crystal system with lattice parameters (LP): a = b = 4.56(4), c = 4.229(2) Å, α = β = 90°, γ = 120° was established. Pentaplatinum antimonide is formed on the surface of Pt ampoules at 800°C, P = 200 MPa and f(O2) ≤ 10−3.47 Pa (Cu–Cu2O buffer) in experiments on the incongruent dissolution of romeite, which causes a sharp decrease (more than 1000 times) the concentration of antimony in solution.
Effect of pH, CO2 and organic ligands on the kinetics of talc and lizardite dissolution
Authors: Karaseva O. N. , Lakshtanov L. Z. , Khanin D. A. , Proskuryakova A. S.
Published: September 2024

Natural sheet magnesium silicates are potential sources of divalent cations, which are necessary for the mineralization of CO2 in the carbonates. In order to study the influence of inorganic (HCO3−) and organic (oxalate and citrate) ligands on the kinetics of dissolution of talc and serpentine, experiments were performed in a flow-through reactor at 25°C. Dissolution rates of natural silicates r (mol cm−2 s−1) in solutions of various compositions were calculated at the stationary stage of dissolution after a rapid initial stage, which is characterized by the formation of a surface leached layer depleted in magnesium. The presence of ligands increases the dissolution rate of magnesium silicates due to the formation of surface complexes, which leads to separation of magnesium from the surface and transition into solution. Initial incongruent stage may be the most promising for the development of carbonation technologies, since the minimum removal of the network-forming elements prevents the undesirable formation of secondary minerals (for example, clays), which exclude divalent cations from the carbonation process and greatly reduce the permeability of rocks.
The influence of atmospheric circulation on the seasonal dynamics of the chemical composition of snow cover in the Pechora-Ilychsky reserve
Authors: Vasilevich M. I. , Smirnov N. S.
Published: September 2024

The analysis of the layer-by-layer dynamics of snow chemical parameters in one of the observation points in the Pechora-Ilych biosphere reserve (Yaksha village) in the winter period 2019–2020 was carried out. It is shown that the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation is more affected by long-range transport of substances. The peculiarities of atmospheric circulation and the regions from which air masses are transferred determine the saturation of precipitation with certain chemical components. The calculation of the trajectories of reverse transport of air masses allowed us to show the regions where air masses can form that come to the research area, carry substances and potentially form the chemical composition of precipitation. It is shown that the calculation of trajectories allows us to estimate the regions that are sources of pollutants entering the atmosphere. In general, this method of studying the chemical composition of snow is very informative and allows you to better understand the factors of its formation.
Comparative effectiveness of Arctic region development projects
Authors: Potravny I. M. , Novoselov A. L. , Novoselova I. Yu.
Published: September 2024

The article deals with the design and development of scientific tools for evaluating investment projects in the Arctic zone of Russia, taking into account the specific features of their application in the region. The necessity is substantiated and a mechanism is proposed for a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of investment projects implemented in the Arctic zone to select the highest priority projects, which is based on specific indicators that allow taking into account the peculiarities of the development of the Arctic regions. The system of component indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of projects is proposed. It is based on federal methods and supplemented with special indicators characterizing the regions of the Arctic zone, which allows describing the economic, social, environmental components of efficiency, ensuring state income, regional development, contribution to the national project and the country’s defence capability. The recommended set of indicators can be adjusted, which will not affect the developed algorithm for assessing the priority of projects. The authors developed a mechanism for determining the comparative effectiveness of projects based on their cost characteristics and expert assessments that allow determining the developed set of indicators. Experts’ assessments in the form of interval numbers are used for calculations. An algorithm for such an assessment of the effectiveness of development projects in the Arctic regions is proposed, including calculation of indicators that make up the assessment of the comparative effectiveness of the projects, determination of the integral assessment of such projects, as well as calculation of the comparative effectiveness of the analyzed projects. A numerical example is given, which makes possible to implement the developed mechanism for calculating the comparative effectiveness of projects in the Arctic zone of the country, taking into account environmental, social, ecological and other factors. The scientific results of the study include the development of economic and mathematical tools for ranking and selecting projects in assessing comparative efficiency in the industrial development of the Arctic. An approach to accounting and evaluating ethnological aspects in determining the effectiveness of projects in the Arctic is proposed.