bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring Customer Satisfaction When Dining at a Casual Restaurant: An Application of Kisang's Model
Authors: Dr. Raheem Bux Soomro , Noor Ahmed Brohi , Khair Muhammad Memon , Rehman Gul Gilal
Published: January 2020

The culinary business is being increased rapidly in Pakistan. Usually, Pakistani consumers prefer to eat meals at homes cooked by female members owing to cultural, social and religious reason. In order to bridge up the gap in existing hospitality literature, the objective of this research manuscript is to find out the relation among dimensions of quality (food quality, service quality and quality of physical environment), customer satisfaction, restaurant image, behavioral intentions and customer perceived value in casual restaurants in Sukkur city. Data for this research study have been collected from customers of restaurants located in Sukkur city through convenience sampling. SPSS (24) and Smart PLS (3.0) versions were used for data analysis. Service quality dimensions of causal restaurant were found important determinants of the restaurant image and customer perceived value followed by physical environment and service quality; whereas, the physical environment quality was not found to be a significant factor of perceived value of customer. Additionally, food quality is measured as an important restaurant’s product. Another outcome of the present study exhibited that quality of physical environment holds a substantial positive effect on restaurant image. The findings indicate quality in food and service is highly important to satisfy customers and make their behavior positive about casual restaurant. Further, as an average temperature remains above 400 in Sukkur city, internal environment of the restaurant is significant as it will affect the mood and perception of customers when they dine in the casual restaurant.
Formation of an Innovative Competitiveness Management System of the Enterprise: On the Case of Ukraine's Healthcare
Authors: Makarenko Serhii , Oliinyk Nataliia , Danko Vladyslav , Kaplina Yevheniia
Published: January 2020

In modern conditions, the priority task for Ukraine is the institutional transformation of the economy, the main purpose of which is to ensure sustainable socio-economic development. The article discusses the theoretical and methodological foundations and develops scientific and practical recommendations for the formation of an innovative competitiveness management system based on the example of healthcare institutions in Ukraine. Based on the analysis, the main characteristics of the innovative development of health care institutions are determined, interaction schemes for participants in the innovation process in the health care system and the mechanism for developing and implementing competitive strategies in the health care institution management system are developed. The calculation of the integral indicator of assessing the effectiveness of the use of labor resources as the most important component of assessing the level of competitiveness of an enterprise.
Sobre los sentidos y lugares del aprender en la vida de los docentes y sus consecuencias para la formación del profesorado
Authors: Hernández-Hernández Ferenando , Sancho-Gil Juana María
Published: January 2020

El contenido de este artículo se basa en una investigación cuya finalidad era explorar cómo el profesorado de secundaria aprende a lo largo, ancho y profundo de la vida. La utilización de métodos visuales (cartografías), las narrativas de los 28 participantes en la investigación, la documentación visual de los procesos y las notas de campo, nos permitieron profundizar en sus lugares de aprendizaje, sus movimientos entre el dentro y el fuera de la institución y el sentido que le dan al aprender. El trabajo de campo se centró en dos talleres con los grupos de docentes (11, 8, 7 y 3) y el diálogo continuado con ellos. De las evidencias obtenidas, se han seleccionado aquellas en las que el profesorado hace referencia a las relaciones pedagógicas y los entornos de formación a los que se vinculan sus aprendizajes. De su ordenación y del diálogo interpretativo realizado se deriva que aprender es para los docentes una experiencia atravesada por los afectos. Afectos que se entrelazan en las relaciones con antiguos profesores, familiares, alumnado, colegas y aquellos con quienes se encuentran en entornos no formales. En estas experiencias se tejen saberes no necesariamente académicos, que terminan confluyendo en la práctica profesional y en la vida del profesorado fuera de los centros educativos. Esta consideración amplia y compleja del aprender conduce a una serie de consideraciones que pueden contribuir a plantear la formación inicial y permanente del profesorado como una trama de procesos que están en constante devenir.
La autoeficacia percibida en los futuros docentes de inglés de Educación Primaria
Authors: Fernández- Viciana Ana , Fernández- Costales Alberto
Published: January 2020

Resumen:Los estudios de Grado de Maestro de Primaria, mención de inglés, tienen como objetivo habilitar a los futuros docentes para impartir la asignatura de Lengua Inglesa al alumnado comprendido entre los 6 y 12 años. Este artículo analiza la percepción que los futuros docentes tienen sobre la formación recibida con relación a la competencia en comunicación lingüística y competencia metodológica en didáctica de la lengua inglesa. El objetivo principal de la investigación es tener un mejor conocimiento de la autoeficacia percibida por los futuros docentes, una línea que permanece relativamente inexplorada en España y que, sin duda, requiere mayor atención por la posible influencia de este constructo en el rendimiento de los docentes y en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Los participantes, 37 estudiantes del último año del Grado de Maestro de Primaria, mención de inglés, de la Universidad de Oviedo, completaron un cuestionario de 50 ítems que medía su autoeficacia lingüística y metodológica. Se realizaron análisis de la varianza para explorar posibles diferencias en las respuestas de los encuestados. El principal hallazgo de la investigación es que los participantes con competencia en comunicación lingüística más alta mostraron los valores más bajos en los ítems de autoeficacia metodológica, mientras que aquellos cuya competencia lingüística es menor reportaron porcentajes más elevados de autoeficacia metodológica. Estos resultados proporcionan una nueva perspectiva sobre las creencias relacionadas con la formación lingüística y metodológica recibida en la universidad, y ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de profundizar en el concepto de autoeficacia docente.
La formación de la competencia digital en los docentes
Authors: Lores Gómez Beatriz , Sánchez Thevenet Paula , García Bellido María Rosario
Published: January 2020

Resumen:El presente trabajo describe la brecha entre la formación en la Competencia Digital (CD) que recibe y la que debería recibir el docente de Educación Primaria de la provincia de Castellón (España), para dar respuesta a las necesidades de enseñanza aprendizaje del ciudadano en la actualidad. Esta descripción se ha realizado considerando la perspectiva de los expertos en esta materia y de los docentes de dicho nivel educativo con un diseño de investigación que combina la metodología cuantitativa de carácter descriptivo, exploratorio y de corte transversal y, la metodología cualitativa de corte etnometodológico. Para ello, se han empleado técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas de investigación. Han participado del estudio 289 docentes de Educación Primaria y 29 expertos en la CD y comunicación. Se ha caracterizado la formación inicial y continua del profesorado, las opiniones y, las necesidades formativas del ciudadano de las primeras décadas del siglo XXI, con relación a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC). Los resultados muestran un déficit de formación en la CD de los docentes derivado de una oferta formativa puramente instrumental y teórica sobre las TIC, carente de un aprendizaje basado en la resolución de problemas, la gestión de la sobreinformación, la posesión de sentido crítico y de conciencia ética, entre otras necesidades. Por ello, la comunidad docente y los agentes responsables de la gestión y toma de decisiones sobre el ámbito educativo deberían considerar la formación del docente en CD basada en la gestión de la información y el aprendizaje participativo.
The Effect of Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Methods on Mathematical Communication Ability Viewed Based on Student Personality
Authors: Yeubun Islah Ziauddin Sardar , Noornia Anton , Ambarwati Lukita
Published: January 2020

This study uses a quasi-experimental method with the final design control test of mathematical communication skills in terms of student personality through personality tests. The sample of this study was students of class XI-IPS in MAN 6 Kampung Dukuh and MAN 6 Cibubur East Jakarta in the odd semester 2018/2019 Academic Year as many as 88 people. The instrument used in this study is a description question and personality questionnaire. The results showed that 1) The ability of mathematical communication students who got the cooperative jigsaw method was higher than the students who received conventional learning, 2) There were interactions between learning methods and personalities on mathematical communication skills, 3) Mathematical communication skills of students with extroverted personalities given jigsaw cooperative method treatment is higher than those given conventional learning treatment, 4) Mathematical communication skills of students with introverted personalities treated with cooperative jigsaw methods are lower than those given conventional learning treatments. Thus, jigsaw cooperative learning is better applied to students with an extracurricular personality.
The Role of Aptitude Treatment Interaction Instructional Model with Task and Forced Instructional Strategy on Student Mathematical Reasoning Ability
Authors: Serlina Serlina , Leonard Leonard
Published: January 2020

This research was conducted to determine the effect of aptitude-treatment interaction (ATI) instructional models with task and forced instructional strategy to mathematical reasoning abilities. Mathematical reasoning ability is an ability that belongs to the goals of national education, but its achievement is still fairly low. The method used in this study is a quasi-experimental method with a posttest-only research design. Sampling in this study using purposive sampling technique. The study sample consisted of 60 students divided into two classes (30 experimental classes and 30 control classes). This research was conducted in the school of SMK Perintis 1 Depok and SMK Fajar Depok. The experimental class uses aptitude-treatment interaction (ATI) learning model with task and forced learning strategies, while the control class uses conventional methods. The collected data is then analyzed using the calculation of chi-square test, Fisher test, and hypothesis testing. The results of the data analysis showed that the average value of students who learned using aptitude-treatment interaction (ATI) learning model with task and forced learning strategies was higher than the average value of students who learned using conventional methods. Based on the results of hypothesis testing shows that there is an influence of aptitude-treatment interaction (ATI) learning model with task learning strategies and forced on students' mathematical reasoning abilities.
Open Science in phonetics and phonology
Authors: Coretta Stefano
Published: January 2020

Open Science is a movement that stresses the importance of a more honest and transparent scientific attitude by promoting a series of research principles and by warning from common, although not necessarily intentional, questionable practices and misconceptions. The term Open Science as a whole refers to the fundamental concepts of 'openness, transparency, rigour, reproducibility, replicability, and accumulation of knowledge' (Cruwell 2018). The goodness of the latter depends in great part on the reproducibility and replicability of the studies that contribute to knowledge accumulation.
Community participation tourist attraction development in Jabal Kelor - a case study
Authors: Nugroho Dhimas Setyo , Hermawan Hary , Putr Emmita Devi Hari , Mayasari Citra Unik
Published: January 2020

Community-based tourism is an evolutionary form of the concept of mass tourism. One of the primarykeys to developing community-based tourism is community participation. The process of developingJabal Kelor tourism destinations has created several types of community participation. The researchersused a semi-structured interview with key informants involved in developing Jabal Kelor. Observationand documentation was used to check data validity. Interactive data analysis techniques took placecontinuously the data reached saturation point. The research results indicate that communityparticipation in developing Jabal Kelor tourism destinations consists of participation of the communityin areas such as inter alia such as idea formulation, participation, physical participation, skills andeducation participation, and also financial participation. The originality of this paper is the identificationof community participation in efforts to develop Jabal Kelor tourism destinations. The less optimal formof community participation in Jabal Kelor is participation education and skills, and financial participation.The reasonfor this is the lack of community insight, and the people there are weak economiccommunities and they battle to make a livelihood. original source ; https://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_30_vol_9_1__2020_indonesia.pdf
OSF Prereg Template
Authors: Bowman Sara D. , DeHaven Alexander Carl , Errington Timothy M. , Hardwicke Tom Elis , Mellor David Thomas , Nosek Brian A. , Soderberg Courtney K.
Published: January 2020

Preregistration is the act of submitting a study plan, ideally also with analytical plan, to a registry prior to conducting the work. Preregistration increases the discoverability of research even if it does not get published further. Adding specific analysis plans can clarify the distinction between planned, confirmatory tests and unplanned, exploratory research. This preprint contains a template for the “OSF Prereg” form available from the OSF Registry. An earlier version was originally developed for the Preregistration Challenge, an education campaign designed to initiate preregistration as a habit prior to data collection in basic research, funded by the Laura and John Arnold Foundation (now Arnold Ventures) and conducted by the Center for Open Science. More information is available at https://cos.io/prereg, and other templates are available at: https://osf.io/zab38/
Deglacial landforms and Holocene vegetation trajectories in the northern interior cedar-hemlock forests of British Columbia
Authors: Gavin Daniel Girard , White Ariana , Sanborn Paul , Hebda Richard
Published: January 2020

The northern Rocky Mountain Trench of eastern British Columbia is a broad valley mantled by glaciolacustrine terraces supporting a complex mix of mesic-temperate (“interior wetbelt”) forests that are strongly affected by terrain and substrate. Neither the geomorphic history during early-Holocene deglaciation nor the vegetation history of the origin of the Tsuga heterophylla and Thuja plicata populations in the interior wetbelt forest is well understood. Sediment cores were obtained from two lakes, 10 km apart and occupying different terraces (83 m elevational difference) and compared to existing fire-history and paleoclimate reconstructions. Radiocarbon dates and a mapped terrain classification indicate the upper terrace formed as a lacustrine and glaciofluvial kame terrace hundreds of years prior to a lower terrace formed by glaciolacustrine sediments of a proglacial lake. The minimum limiting ages of these terraces correlate with dated jökulhlaup deposits of the Fraser River. The upper site’s first detectable pollen at > 11.0 ka was dominated by light-seeded pioneer taxa (Poaceae, Artemisia, and Populus) followed by a peak in Pinus and finally dominance by Betula at 10.2 ka. Pollen data suggest an earlier invasion of T. heterophylla than previously understood. Wetlands on extensive poorly drained glaciolacustrine soils promoted the persistence of boreal taxa and open forests (e.g., Picea mariana) while the better-drained upper kame terrace promoted development of closed-canopy shade-tolerant taxa. Invasion and expansion of mesic cedar-hemlock taxa progressed since at least the middle Holocene but was highly constrained by edaphic controls.
Subarctic shores without an ice foot: Low extremes in intertidal temperature during winter
Authors: Scrosati Ricardo Augusto
Published: January 2020

On marine shores that freeze in winter, the intertidal zone becomes covered by an ice foot. Stable ice foots insulate intertidal organisms against highly negative air temperatures. On subpolar intertidal habitats that do not freeze, the periodic inundation with seawater at temperatures near its freezing point also prevents benthic organisms from experiencing highly negative temperatures. However, low tides do expose ice-free intertidal habitats to aerial conditions, but information on how negative temperature gets there during the winter is lacking. Using data loggers, this study measured the daily lowest temperature in rocky intertidal habitats on the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, Canada (which does not freeze), during the winter. As a control, temperature was also monitored above the intertidal zone (on tree branches). Intertidal temperature was almost as low as supratidal temperature, as the seasonal averages of daily minimum temperature were -4.2 °C and -6.4 °C (with absolute minima of -14.1 °C and -19.1 °C), respectively. The study site on the Atlantic coast is climatically similar to a site surveyed on the Gulf of St. Lawrence coast of Nova Scotia. However, the Gulf of St. Lawrence coast, which freezes in winter, showed milder intertidal temperatures, with a winter average of daily minimum temperature of -1.9 °C and an absolute minimum of only -6.8 °C. Therefore, despite tidal influences, the absence of an ice foot exposes subpolar intertidal habitats to highly negative air temperatures.
Performing a task jointly enhances the sound-induced flash illusion
Authors: Wahn Basil , Rohe Tim , Gearhart Anika , Kingstone Alan , Sinnett Scott
Published: January 2020

Our different senses are stimulated continuously. Through multisensory integration, different sensory inputs may or may not be combined into a unitary percept. Simultaneous with this stimulation, people are frequently engaged in social interactions, but how multisensory integration and social processing combine is largely unknown. The present study investigated if, and how, the multisensory sound-induced flash illusion is affected by a social manipulation. In the sound-induced flash illusion, a participant typically receives one visual flash and two auditory beeps and she/he is required to indicate the number of flashes that were perceived. Often, the auditory beeps alter the perception of the flashes such that a participant tends to perceive two flashes instead of one flash. We tested whether performing a flash counting task with a partner (confederate), who was required to indicate the number of presented beeps, would modulate this illusion. We found that the sound-induced flash illusion was perceived significantly more often when the flash counting task was performed with the confederate compared to performing it alone. Yet, we no longer find this effect if visual access between the two individuals is prevented. These findings, combined with previous results, suggest that performing a multisensory task jointly - in this case an audiovisual task - lowers the extent to which an individual attends to visual information - which in turn affects the multisensory integration process.
Remembering to go to the polls: A study of planning in a naturalistic context
Authors: Hostler Tom
Published: January 2020

Research into planning in naturalistic settings is limited in comparison to its laboratory-based counterpart, which hinders the investigation of how age, planning, and ecological validity interact. The present study investigated planning in the naturalistic context of remembering to vote at a polling station in a general election. Surveys were distributed the day after the 2017 UK general election, and participants reported on how they had planned to remember to go and vote. Whilst the majority of participants were motivated and successfully remembered to vote, the findings showed large variation in the extent and type of plans that participants made. The main finding was that increasing age predicted less detailed planning. In addition, a large proportion of participants formed ‘activity-based’ intentions to vote in contrast to the ‘event-based’ and ‘time-based’ intentions commonly researched in laboratory studies of delayed intentions. Future directions for planning research in light of these findings are discussed.
Fear and Legitimacy in São Paulo, Brazil: Police-Citizen Relations in a High Violence, High Fear City
Authors: Jackson Jonathan , Pósch Krisztián , Oliveira Thiago Rodrigues , Bradford Ben , Mendes Silvia M. , Natal Ariadne Lima , Zanetic André
Published: January 2020

We examine consensual and coercive police-citizen relations in São Paulo, Brazil. According to procedural justice theory, popular legitimacy operates as part of a virtuous circle, whereby normatively appropriate police behavior encourages people to self-regulate, which then reduces the need for coercive forms of social control. But can consensual and coercive police-citizen relations be so easily disentangled in a city in which many people fear crime, where the ability to use force can often be palpable in even mundane police-citizen interactions, where some people fear police but also tolerate extreme police violence, and where the image of the military police as “just another (violent) gang” has significant cultural currency? Legitimacy has two components—assent (ascribed right to power) and consent (conferred right to govern)—and consistent with prior work from the US, UK and Australia, we find that procedural justice is key to the legitimation of the police. Yet, the empirical link between legitimacy and legal compliance is complicated by ambivalent authority relations, rooted in part in heightened cultural expectations about police use of force to exercise power. We finish the paper with a discussion of the theoretical and policy implications of these findings.
Science’s moral economy of repair: replication and the circulation of reference
Authors: Penders Bart , de Rijcke Sarah , Holbrook J. Britt
Published: January 2020

Responding to the so-called reproducibility crisis, various disciplines have proposed -- and some have implemented -- changes in research practices and policies. These changes have been aligned with a restricted and rather uniform conceptualisation of what science is, and knowledge is made. However, knowledge-making is not a uniform affair. Here, we reflect on a salient fault line running through Wissenschaft (the whole of academic knowledge making, spanning the sciences and humanities), grounded in the relationship between the acts of research and writing, separating research as reporting from research as writing. We do so to demonstrate that replication and replicability cannot be treated as uniformly applicable and that assessment and improvement of research quality invites various tools and strategies. Among those, replication is important, but not omnipresent. Considering these other tools and strategies in context allows us to situate the value of replication for knowledge making as a whole.
A Changing Landscape of Health Opportunity in the United States: Increases in the Strength of the Association Between Childhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Adult Health Between the 1990’s and the 2010’s
Authors: Fuller-Rowell Thomas E , Nichols Olivia I. , Jokela Markus , Kim Eric S. , Yildirim Elif D. , Ryff Carol D.
Published: January 2020

The strength of the association between childhood socioeconomic disadvantage (SED) and adult health is an important indicator of health stratification and the degree to which health outcomes are determined early in life. However, changes in the strength of this association over historic time are largely unexamined in the United States. Utilizing data from two independent national samples of adults collected 17 years apart (1995 and 2012), the current study examined changes in the strength of the association between childhood SED and adult health. Childhood SED was scored as an aggregate index from measures of parent occupational prestige, childhood poverty exposure, and parent education. Five measures of adult health were considered: BMI, waist circumference, chronic conditions, functional limitations, and self-rated health. Results indicated that the association between childhood SED and all five health outcomes was significantly stronger in the 2012 sample than the 1995 sample, with the magnitude of the association being more than twice as large in the more recent sample for four out of five outcomes. Findings persisted after adjusting for age, sex, race, marital status, and number of children. Results suggest that the socioeconomic circumstances of childhood have become a stronger predictor of adult health in recent decades. Replication and examination of mechanisms for these effects vis-à-vis changing pathways from childhood SED to adult health through adult status attainments, work environment characteristics, or unfair treatment, is warranted.
Gender, Parenthood, and Hiring Intentions in Sex-Typical Jobs: A Survey Experiment
Authors: Mari Gabriele , Luijkx Ruud
Published: January 2020

We ran a survey experiment with Dutch employers to investigate hiring discrimination in sex-typical jobs. We ask if women are especially discriminated against when they have children, whether discrimination applies similarly in different occupations, and whether statistical discrimination or status-characteristic theories best account for discriminatory practices (if any).Employers rate fictitious candidates for either a female-typical job (primary-school teacher) or a male-typical job (software engineer). Employers are found to display a slight preference for female candidates when filling a teacher post, although such bias is less strong for female applicants with children. No such ranking is found for a software engineer vacancy, nor do we find different salary offers across candidates and across vacancies. Employers do not appear to favour men over women for positions likely to be on the career track, as predicted by statistical discrimination theories, nor do they expect women to be less capable than men, as posited by status-characteristic theory. Female candidates with children, however, are expected to be less committed to their job and work fewer hours, especially in the teacher experiment. Such expectations seem to have small consequences for the hiring decisions and salary offers Dutch employers make in our study.
Measuring the availability of “good jobs” in the United States for working-class men during the Great Recession and recovery
Authors: Dill Janette , Francis Robert
Published: January 2020

In this study, we use the 2004, 2008, and 2014 panels of the Survey for Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to measure the impact of the Great Recession and recovery on the availability of “good jobs” for men without a college degree. We define “good jobs” using a cluster of job quality measures, including wage thresholds of at least $15, $20, or $25 per hour, employer-based health insurance, full-time work hours, and protection from layoff. We find that the Great Recession and aftermath (2008-2015) resulted in a 1-10% reduced probability of being in a “good job” across most industries, with especially large losses in manufacturing, retail, transportation, and food service (compared to 2004-2007). In the 2014 panel, there is only a slight post-recession recovery in the predicted probability of being in a “good job,” and the probability of being in a “good job” remains well below 2004 levels. Although the probability of being on layoff from a “good jobs” does decrease substantially in the 2014 cohort as compared to the rate of layoff during the Great Recession, our clustered measure of job quality shows that access to “good jobs” remains limited for most working-class men and that the recovery from the Recession has largely not reached the working-class.
Outdoor Women: Thinking about Gender, Self, and Environment through Outdoor Enskillment Programs
Authors: Asselin Jodie
Published: January 2020

Becoming an Outdoors-Woman (BOW) is a North American program that focuses on developing hunting, fishing and wilderness skills among women. BOW participant engagement offers a window onto gendered responses to environmental uncertainty, an awareness of the constraints of illegitimate peripheral participation, and multifaceted self-expression. Through their own bodily engagement and dialogues, participants disassembled the dualisms inherent in single-gender-dominated activities such as hunting. The contrasting desires, incentives and apprehensions of BOW participants were shared through an active process of self-reflection and reveal the ways in which this group of women navigated the tensions that are part of their daily lives.
Encountering Chiefs in (a Search for) the State
Authors: Sade Alexis Tucker
Published: January 2020

Since Pacific islands began achieving independence in the 1960s, the fate of traditional politics amid the adoption of Western governance systems and global economic integration has attracted anthropological attention. Four decades on, while some version of Western liberal democratic statehood is commonplace, customary institutions and ideologies remain salient in the fabric of many Pacific island societies. Rather than spelling their demise, introducing foreign political orders has, in places, brought about a revival and reimagining of traditions in reaction to the experiences of decolonisation and global politico-economic incorporation. In Solomon Islands, at independence, the constitution acknowledged the importance of customary practices and leadership in shaping the country’s path forward. However, there has been minimal formalisation within modern politics, prompting the question: What is the relationship between chiefs and the state in Solomon Islands? Chiefs, more often, are seen as guardians of custom, concerned with matters outside the realm of modern statehood or, in some cases, in opposition to it. This characterisation, however, hinges on particular conceptualisations of the state, thereby excluding other interpretations of modern political organisation including the roles that traditional political forms play in constituting relations referred to as the state.
Disciplining Devotion: Buddha Representations and Ideologies of Materiality in Sri Lankan Buddhism
Authors: Dean Melanie
Published: January 2020

This article revisits the theologically problematic nature of representations of the Buddha (statues and pictures) that serve as focal points for meditation, devotional respect (bhaktiya) and worship (pūjā) for Sri Lankan Buddhists. It shows how Sri Lankan Buddhist institutional authorities highlight the metaphysical distance between such representations and their enlightened referent, the Buddha, by means of disciplinary technologies that maintain a physical and tactile distance between devotee and representation. While devotees do seem to avoid identification of the Buddha with his likenesses, this does not mean that they treat such representations as mere symbols. Rather, Buddha representations become understood as powerful objects – materialisations of the karmic merit (pin) and sin (pau) attendant on the histories of their devotion.
Ethnographic Life: Method for an Ex Post Facto Anthropology
Authors: De Renó Machado Igor José
Published: January 2020

Every ethnography has a beginning and an end, decided more or less arbitrarily by the anthropologist. In general, it has a simultaneously temporal and spatial beginning. Currently, spatial issues have been relaxed, but temporal issues are still a definite limit. This article reflects on the constitution of anthropological knowledge when the field has no such limits. What if any moment of our experiences can be seen a period of “ex post facto” ethnographic fieldwork? Is it possible to perform an ethnography without borders? What methods should we articulate to build knowledge without the separation between life and ethnography? Why is ethnography a life experience, when we do not often think of life as an ethnographic experience? And what happens if we think that life is indeed an ethnographic experience? This article deals with anthropological knowledge without borders and memory as a methodological resource.
Nondomination and the Limits of Relational Autonomy
Authors: Wenner Danielle M.
Published: January 2020

Relational autonomy theorists attempt to accommodate social embeddedness within a conception of autonomy. These attempts are conceptually messy, at best, and category errors, at worst. Rejecting the liberal conception of autonomy due to feminist concerns is more helpfully answered by the neorepublican notion of freedom as nondomination. The conception of freedom as nondomination captures the values that motivate the relational turn in moral and political theory and does so in a conceptually neater way than attempting to accommodate those concerns in our accounts of autonomy.
Negative Aspects of Using Social Networks in Education: A Brief Review on WhatsApp Example
Authors: YILMAZSOY Burak , KAHRAMAN Mehmet , KÖSE Utku
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study is to examine negative effects of using WhatsApp social network application in educational processes and to create a conceptual framework in this manner. In order to examine the literature related to the research topic, sources in different databases were evaluated and research works after especially 2010 have been considered accordingly. A holistic framework regarding negative results of using WhatsApp in education has been tried to be established by examining the sources in detail. There is currently not too many scientific research works on benefits and disadvantages of using WhatsApp in long-term. But since this application has been accepted by many researchers as an instant messaging approach, it appears to be a small number of studies analyzing the effects of over-use of instant messaging take place in the associated literature. When the data obtained within this research is examined it is possible to express that the students addicted to instant messaging are inadequate in academic processes, they cannot control the time spent for messaging, they neglect their homework and they are also less disciplined compared to other students. Additionally, it is also seen these students’ comprehension levels, learning skills, productivity and academic achievements have been affected negatively. It is also remarkable that students using instant messaging during reading tasks can increase the time required for completing reading, and may even feel sleepiness during daytime.
Design Thinking Applications in Teaching Programming to Gifted Students
Authors: AVCU Yunus Emre , ER Kemal Oğuz
Published: January 2020

The study aimed to present suggestions for how a design thinking (DT) approach can be applied in the processes of teaching programming to gifted students and to reveal its effects on the teaching process. The case study method was used. 5 different DT tasks were defined to create solutions for an unstructured problem by using programming tools and DT processes. DT activities were applied to 25 gifted students (13 girls, 12 boys) at the Science and Art Center (BİLSEM) in the city center through the summer term. Data were collected through interviews, observation forms, and the DT Rubric which was developed by the researchers. The findings showed that gifted students improved their DT skills to a certain level, learned the academic content, enjoyed the process itself, and experienced some problems working in teams. At the end of the teaching process, the students emphasized that a good designer should be a respectful person who can work well within a team. Additionally, according to the students' views, different programming tools and environments namely Scratch, Arduino IDE and Lego Mindstorms EV3 can be used in the prototyping phase of the DT processes. Updating DT tasks to include DT mindsets and taking into account the leadership qualities of gifted students during the implementation process may be suggested.
ELT Teachers Attitude towards Language Learning Strategies Used in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Khaliq Abdul , Ali Akbar , Hanan Fazal
Published: January 2020

The present study throws light on language learning strategies, their effect on learning and instructors attitude in this respect .It defines that a learning strategy is a learners approach of understanding and employing particular skills in order to accomplish learning task efficiently. It also stresses that todays learner is smart enough to devise ways and methods to accelerate learning process. Learners use these techniques according to their needs and stage of learning. In parallel, it also explains that these techniques effect the behavior of instructor and his teaching methods as well. The researcher collected data from 110 participants of different schools, colleges and universities of Dera Ghazi (DG) Khan through questionnaire. This study shows that almost all the learners andteachers are inclined to use different learning techniques and improve their performance in this way. The researcher also identified strategies that are commonly used by learners and teachers to facilitate learning and teaching.
Interactive Teaching to EFL Learners in Saudi Arabia and ESL Learners in Pakistan: Issues and Implications
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Sabboor , Farid Aisha , Shahbaz Muhammad
Published: January 2020

The study aims to explore how far interactive teaching can produce desirable learning outcomes in educational institutions in Saudi Arabia with EFL paradigm and no scope of social interlocutions in English language in most of the areas. This is in sharp contrast to ESL paradigm as is observed in Pakistan. It points out possible implications of interactive teaching with the contrastive analysis of EFL and ESL paradigms. Using mixed method research design, a survey from learners and teachers in Pakistan and KSA, observations and interviews, it finds out that most of EFL/ESL learners and teachers realize the importance of interactive teaching in optimizing language learning; however, there are certain administrative, psychological and social factors that discourage its application: too much stress on class discipline, the anxiety faced by the learners on their turn of speaking, and the negative social image of the language specially in the context of Saudi Arabia.
Money, Politics and Gender Equality: An Analysis of Assets of Women Legislators in Pakistan (2002-13)
Authors: Muhammad Sher , Bhatti Muhammad Nawaz , Awan Muhammad Waris
Published: January 2020

This paper studies the economic status of Women legislators through data from their assets submitted to the Election Commission of Pakistan from 2002-2013. The findings indicate that strong financial status is an important pre-requisite for successful entry into the politics. This study found that the majority of elected women belong to an elite class. It is also evident that the common Pakistani woman is still miles away from the corridors of power because she does not have sufficient economic resources to participate in politics.
Demystifying the Myth of Genderlect through Intertextuality in Global Media Discourse
Authors: Rauf Aisha , Mazhar Shumaila , Akhtar Shabana
Published: January 2020

This article outlines a gender-based analysis at the connection of critical discourse analysis and intertextuality, with the aim of providing a rich analyses of the multifaceted mechanisms of power and ideology in discourse in supporting hierarchically gendered social orders. The focus of this research is to identify how gender is socially constructed through linguistic choices (especially intertextuality) and discursive practices in media discourse and how these discursive practices in media discourse contribute to create a feminist perspective. The present article has collected 60 talk shows, panel discussions and interviews from 5 global news channels. A corpus is built and a linguistic analysis is conducted where Faircloughs Intertextuality is used as research Methodology. Moreover, Van Dijks socio-cognitive model is used as research framework in which data is analysed on us versus them dichotomy and at micro and macro level of discourse. It is observed that through the use of intertextuality, dominant ideology is (re)- created in feminist media discourse.
Understanding Pashtunwali and the Manifestation of Pashtun Nationalism in Pakistan: A Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Khan Surat , Faheem Muhammad , Gul Saima
Published: January 2020

This paper describes the key elements of Pashtunwali and the manifestation of Pashtun nationalism, especially in Pakistan. This study on Pashtun nationalism finds that Pashtunwali is a centuries-old primordial customary code of life and it is important in the context of nationalism as it strengthens the sentiments and feelings of closeness and affinity; central to the phenomenon of nationalism, among the Pashtuns. This paper also highlights two different aspects of Pashtun nationalism in Pakistan. In the formative phase of Pakistans independence, the stance of Pashtun nationalists was more inclined towards the idea of a separate state for the Pashtuns. However, as a result of various factors; including state policies, currently the manifestation of Pashtun nationalism has adopted the internal dimension of highlighting and struggling for the rights of the Pashtuns in the ambit of the Pakistani constitution and by remaining an integral and constitutional part of the country.
Policy Considerations for Designing Effective Anti-Corruption Strategies in Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Baig Saranjam
Published: January 2020

This article focuses on analyzing essential ingredients to initiate and sustain a successful anticorruption strategy. The basic objective of this policy paper is to recommend a set of policies based on the lessons drawn from the success of anti-corruption strategies in other countries. Taking Pakistan as the test-bed, it relates to the design, initiation, and pursuit of anti-corruption activities. The article elaborates a six-step anti-corruption strategy suggesting that to eradicate corruption effectively, the country must initiate these preconditions. It should: (1) restore the public confidence by showing political will to fight corruption; (2) restructure its main anti-corruption agency; (3) establish an anti-corruption inter-agency coordinating board; (4) reform the police, (5) initiate programs and curriculum for anti-corruption awareness; (6) establish a watchdog from the civil society with an advisory role. The strategies suggested in this article are based on the successes of anti-corruption agencies in Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia, and Georgia.
Effects of Principals’ Leadership Styles on Teachers’ Performance at Secondary Schools in Dera Ismail Khan
Authors: Yasmin Farhat , Imran Muhammad , Sultana Maria
Published: January 2020

This learning was directed acts discover the effect of Principals leadership strategies on teachers act of secondary school in D.I.Khan. The research was cross sectional and parametric in nature. The record was collected by both from principals and teachers of secondary school located in the district. The outcomes were fascinatingly opposing to the assumed statements i.e in this broadsheet the impact of transactional and transformational guidance style has been found contrary on teachers enactment. The reason for such phenomena has been deliberated in this broadsheet. The study concluded that both leadership styles i.e transformational and transactional styles of principles of the school understudy have been found not supporting in improvement in teachers performance
Identification and Analysis of Commissive Speech Acts to Decode Indirect Messages in News Headlines
Authors: Rustam Rabiah , Ali Akbar , Imran Muhammad
Published: January 2020

Headlines carry more indirect messages than the direct ones. The present article aims to explore the indirect messages in CNN headlines written about a variety of political, diplomatic and security affairs in Pakistan. It also investigates the role of the linguistic as well as the contextual elements in the identification of the indirect messages carried by the headlines in the form of speech acts. The research finds that the headlines have pragmatically encoded meanings. The headlines are not just pieces of information, but they are associated with communicating a range of messages related commitment to future actions, possible future actions, announcing future actions, expressing speaker intentions regarding future activities and pledging for future. The linguistic devices and the contexts associated with the headlines play a significant role in the identification and analysis of the indirect messages in the headlines.
Moral Suasion or Policy Reforms? How to Tackle Sectarian Violence in Pakistan: The Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan
Authors: Baig Saranjam Muhammad
Published: January 2020

The existing literature in social sciences and humanities analyzing root causes of sectarian and religious conflicts focus mostly on micro-factors. The inability of market and state factors to control sectarian conflict for last seven decades remains understudied by the contemporary literature. This article aims at filling that gap and seeks to identify certain market and government failures that have implications on sectarian and religious conflicts. More specifically, it identifies four market failures namely asymmetries of information, externalities, equity and public goods and three government failures, which include democracy failure, bureaucratic failure and implementation failure. In contrast to the literature shedding light on the impact and gravity of sectarian and religious violence in the country, the purpose here remains to highlight important aspects of public policy reforms for peace making and peace building. This article, based on the aforementioned market and government failures, suggests a whole new set of policy reforms.
Prevalence of Physical Abuse at Primary School Level in District Faisalabad
Authors: Rafique Nadia , Naoreen Bushra , Buzdar Muhammad Ayub
Published: January 2020

Physical abuse in schools is quite visible in developing countries like Pakistan; it is being covered by maintaining discipline in schools which instigated to conduct this study as a dire need of the time to cope with physical abuse at the primary school level. A multi-stage sampling technique was used. Two hundred and forty-five teachers and 23 head teachers and 500 students were selected from the Primary Section of Higher Secondary Schools of two tehsils (City & Sadar) of District Faisalabad. A Likert type scale for teachers and headteachers and a dichotomous questionnaire for students were used as research instruments. Mean, Standard Deviation, ANOVA, ttest, frequency, Mann-Whitney u test were applied to analyze data. Teachers and headteachers’ perceptions indicated that physical abuse exists moderately whereas students’ responses explored the presence of a high level of physical abuse by the teachers in the schools.