bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactions Between Jews and Christians in Later Medieval Provence
Authors: Smail Daniel Lord
Published: April 2022

This study uses an extensive body of archival evidence from Latin-Christian sources to explore economic and social interactions between Provençal Jews and Christians. Evidence discussed in section one indicates that the city's Jewish and Christian communities interacted to a significant degree, and not just in the domain of moneylending. Data derived from a network analysis suggests that Jews were prominent in providing brokerage services. In the second section, analysis of a small sample of Jewish estate inventories indicates that the material profiles of Jewish and Christian families were very similar. In the third section, an analysis of a register of debt collection shows that Jews were involved in credit relations at a rate that was proportional to their population. Jewish moneylenders filled an economic niche by providing Christians with the liquidity to pay off structural debts generated by the political economy of rents and taxes.
EFISIENSI PENYERAPAN LOGAM BESI (FE) MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN CANGKANG TELUR AYAM DENGAN SISTEM BATCH
Authors: Amalia Vivian Novia
Published: April 2022

Cangkang telur ayam merupakan limbah yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan rumah tangga dan industri makanan. Cangkang telur memiliki kandungan protein asam mukopolisakarida dan kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) yang dapat dijadikan sebagai adsorben.  Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan adsorpsi adsorben dari limbah cangkang telur ayam terhadap logam besi (Fe) dengan sistem batch serta variasi dosis adsorben dan waktu pengadukan yang paling efektif. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan variasi waktu pengadukan 30 menit dan 60 menit, sedangkan massa adsorben sebesar 0,5gr, 1,0gr, 1,5gr, 2,0gr dan 2,5gr. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil rata-rata adsorpsi pada variasi waktu kontak 30 menit dan 60 menit berturut-turut sebesar 74,87% dan 91,94%. Hasil rata-rata adsorpsi pada variasi massa adsorben 0,5gr, 1,0gr, 1,5gr, 2,0gr dan 2,5gr berturut-turut sebesar 32,09%, 89,55%, 97,55%, 98,65% dan 99,21%. Massa adsorben 1,5 gr dengan waktu kontak 60 menit mempunyai efisiensi penyerapan yang paling tinggi, yaitu 99,65%. Berdasarkan hasil di atas, diketahui bahwa adsorben cangkang ayam dapat menurunkan kadar besi (Fe) dengan variasi waktu pengadukan dan massa adsorben.
ANALISIS LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN SATUAN NAPAL KEREK BERDASARKAN DATA STRATIGRAFI, KARAKTERISTIK LITOLOGI DAN ANALISIS STRUKTUR SEDIMEN DAERAH WONOSEGORO DAN SEKITARNYA KECAMATAN KARANGGGEDE, KABUPATEN BOYOLALI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Purnamawati Dwi
Published: April 2022

Secara administrasi daerah penelitian terletak di Daerah Wonosegoro dan sekitarnya, Kecamatan  Karanggede, Kabupaten Boyolali, Provinsi Jawa Tengah dan secara astronomi terletak pada koordinat 07017’30’’ LS–07022’30’’ LS dan 110037’30” BT–110042’30” BT. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui lingkungan pengendapan satuan Napal Kerek. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan pemetaan geologi permukaan diantaranya tahapan pra lapangan meliputi studi pustaka dan survei tinjau. Tahap penelitian lapangan meliputi pengamatan litologi, geomorfologi, pengukuran penampang stratigrafi. Tahap pengolahan data stratigrafi, karakteristik litologi dan struktur sedimen. Lingkungan pengendapan satuan Napal Kerek diendapkan melalui mekanisme pengendapan arus turbidit (low turbidite current) hingga pengendapan suspensi. Satuan batuan terendapkan pada sedimen kipas bawah laut (submarine fan) tepatnya pada lingkungan kipas bawah (lower fan).
STUDI EVALUASI SISTEM PENYEDIAAN AIR BERSIH DI KAMPUS I INSTITUT SAINS & TEKNOLOGI AKPRIND YOGYAKARTA DALAM UPAYA MENDUKUNG KAMPUS BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Purnawan Purnawan , Suseno Hadi Prasetyo , Charlie Demetrius
Published: April 2022

Mengingat pentingnya kebutuhan air bersih pada suatu gedung maka sistem plambing penyediaan air bersih merupakan bagian yang tidak dapat terpisahkan agar distribusi air bersih ke seluruh bagian yang memerlukan dapat terpenuhi dengan debit dan tekanan yang sesuai.

Dengan perkembangan fungsi dan kebutuhan maka terjadi pengembangan gedung tanpa dilakukan analisis kesesuaian sistem penyaluran air bersih sehingga akan mengakibatkan sistem penyediaan air bersih menjadi kurang efisien dan efektif dan berdampak pada biaya operasional yang tinggi.

Sistem plambing penyediaan air bersih pada gedung meliputi sistem penyediaan air bersih, instalasi air bersih, analisa perhitungan kebutuhan air bersih yang meliputi mengetahui perkiraan jumlah penghuni, mengetahui pemakaian air bersih dalam sehari, dan mengetahui berapa pemakaian air bersih berdasarkan jenis dan jumlah alat plambing, analisa perhitungan perencanaan pipa air bersih yang meliputi mengetahui dimensi pipa air bersih dari ground water tank ke roof tank, dengan menggunakan sumber air tanah maupun PDAM.

Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan didapatkan hasil jumlah Unit Beban Alat Plambing di kampus 1 IST AKPRIND berjumlah 332 buah dengan debit pemakaian jam puncak sebesar 440 L/menit, pompa suplay dengan sumber air tanah menggunakan pompa sumur dalam, merk Sanyo Model PD-WH200 B, daya 200 watt, daya hisap 27 m, tinggi aliran maks 50 m, pipa 1 ¼ inch, debit 27 liter/menit sehingga tidak dapat memenuhi kebutuhan debit jam puncak. Untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan di suplai dari sumber PDAM dengan biaya rata-rata Rp 2.071.000,- per bulan.

Untuk effisiensi biaya operasional dapat dilakukan dengan penggantian pompa air tanah yang sesuai dan menghentikan suplai air bersih dari PDAM, alternatif pompa yang dapat dipergunakan : pompa sentrifugal merk Shouwfou Type SPM 232 L dengan spesifikasi Daya 1,5 KW, 2 HP, 1 Phase, 220 V, Diameter pipa suplay 1,5 Inch, Max head 46 m, Debit 220 L/menit.
Advances in perforator imaging through holographic CTA and augmented reality: a systematic review
Authors: Phan Robert , Chae Michael P , Hunter-Smith David J , Rozen Warren M
Published: April 2022

**Introduction** Free tissue transfer has become a mainstay in reconstructive plastic surgery, and techniques to plan such surgery continue to evolve. Novel technologies and increases in computational power have enabled computed tomographic angiography (CTA) data augmentation onto patients to assist in pedicle identification and dissection. Given the rapidly evolving field and research in this domain, a systematic review was un-undertaken to establish the evidence for its usefulness in pedicle identification and dissection.**Methods** An extensive search using keywords in EMBASE and PubMed® with bibliographic linkage following PRISMA guidelines was performed. We identified 107 articles. Duplicate articles were removed prior to review. Two reviewers independently screened the titles for appropriate topic relevance. Full articles were then screened for review. **Results** Eleven articles were appropriate for review. Two articles analysed the time taken to identify perforators using augmented reality (AR) compared to Doppler ultrasound. The remainder of the articles analysed time to perforator identification, differences between projected location and dissected perforator location, qualitative feedback from surgeons on the use of AR systems for perforator identification and proof of concept and the usefulness of AR in perforator flap surgery. **Conclusion** This review demonstrates that while established methods of data rendering and projection can achieve holographic projection and AR, there is a lack of objective outcome data to demonstrate its usefulness. This, combined with a cost analysis, are the main obstructions to this technology being more widely adopted.
A Retrospective View of Asunam in Sangam Literature: The Animal or Bird?
Authors: P Balasubramanian
Published: April 2022

Sangam literature is celebrated as the traditional literature of Tamil. Contemporary scholars are re-reading the Sangam literature from a new perspective over time. Sangam literature can be called a biodiversity volume when it comes to ecological thinking. The creators of the Sangam period have identified the land-based creatures of his time in poetry. Numerous of them became extinct over time or have been renamed. In particular, the article discusses the search for a creature called Asunam that has been spoken of in Sangam poems, the poetic record, and the commentary of the narrators.
Sambumaali Vathai Padalam - A Rereading
Authors: P Balasubramanian
Published: April 2022

Tamil Poetry has a long historical tradition. Although the literature appears to be up to date, not all have survived. Only a few works are being read in a new perspective in the contemporary political and social context. When Re -Reding a work in a multifaceted way without a biased reading, it is possible to get closer to the author’s focus. On that basis, the Kambaramayana is subjected to the Rereding of the Chambumalivathai Padalam in the Sundarakanda.
Revisiting digital inclusion: A survey of theory, measurement and recent research
Authors: Sharp Matthew
Published: April 2022

Focusing on the internet as a foundational technology, this paper begins by summarising recent developments in digital inclusion theory, particularly as this relates to developing countries. It sets out a framework of core components of digital inclusion - including ac-cess/use, quality of access/use, affordability, and digital skills - and briefly considers policy implications. The paper then surveys the ways these components are currently measured in household and firm surveys and by international organisations, highlighting some of the often-overlooked weaknesses of current measures, and suggesting possible improvements. The paper also reflects on potential applications of (and risks associated with) new ways of measuring digital inclusion using big data. Lastly, building on the framework developed, the paper reviews the empirical literature on ‘digital divides’ in developing countries, and makes suggestions for how future research could become more rigorous and useful.
HISTORIC HERITAGE CASE STUDY OF THE LUGOJ CAVALRY BARRACKS
Authors: Baldea Maja
Published: April 2022

The Lugoj Cavalry Barracks are located in Timis county, part of the Banat region located in the west of Romania. Considering their historical and architectural value, the Lugoj Cavalry Barracks were studied as part of the classification procedure for their inclusion in the national Historical Monuments Registry. The barracks are an architectural ensemble that consist of several distinct buildings. The aim was to completely diagnose the barracks as a whole and follow their individual evolution, in order to establish which of them is relevant for classification. Also, in order to understand the cavalry barracks� impact on the town of Lugoj, a wider historic context was studied, based on an analytical view of historical development, both in terms of events as well as the urban development of the city�s historical core. One of the main aims of the study was to identify which of the barracks� components have historical relevance. The findings pointed out that the historically relevant parts were the U-shaped buildings on site, as well as the fact that the barracks in its current shape went through several building phases, the most relevant being the one dating from the late 18th - early 19th Centuries. The study method implied a historical analyze of the evolution of the barracks based on historical resources as well as a diagnose of the existing buildings based on direct field investigations. The current paper aims to present mainly the first part of this extended study, respectively the findings based on the historical resources.
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ON THE RENAISSANCE ARTISTIC ORNAMENTATION OF THE ROMANIAN COUNTRIES IN THE XV-XVII CENTURY
Authors: Pop Marlena , Hostiuc Constantin , Horatau Dorina
Published: April 2022

The Renaissance is a pinnacle of European humanistic culture that can only be erased from human history at the risk of destroying the very meaning of history. Of the same evidence, however, is the fact that the rinascita was due to a series of political, cultural and social conditions that, emerging from the Italian land, were different in all countries where it was propagated, and almost absent, appearing in short, decorativ spurts, in others. What united them in the most concrete way was the generous idea of humanism, respect or recovery of man in his capacity as a measure of all things. Whether we are talking about the Voivodeship of Transylvania, Moldavia or Wallachia, these Roman provinces timidly felt the influence of the Florentine Renaissance during its development, but a lot stronger much later, between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Transylvania, being under Habsburg or Hungarian domination, was the first to take over the innovative cultural elements, through Catholic monks and bishops, since the 15th century, and the humanist spirit led to an effervescence in the modernization of social life. Numerous cult and civil constructions appeared after 1330 in Wallachia and after 1359 in Moldavia, at the same time as the development of cities. But the elements of the Italian Renaissance were later taken over by craftsmen brought from Transylvania and Italy. The work presents examples of Renaissance ornamentation in secular and cult architectural sculpture, Renaissance elements of decorations in the applied arts of the time, as a result of a general bibliographic study that is the basis for an in situ exploratory research on Renaissance ornamentation in Romanian countries.
RE-NAISSANCE OF RENAISSANCE. FIRST STEPS TOWARD A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF REAPPEARING FORMS OF ITALIAN RENAISSANCE GARDEN DESIGN AT THE TURN OF THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES IN HUNGARY AND ITALY
Authors: Solyom Barbara
Published: April 2022

This paper aims to give an overview on a starting research process. The research aims to study correlations between the Renaissance Revival garden design in Italy and Hungary. The turn of the 19th and 20th centuries is characterized by an urge to seek a definition of national identity and also by Historicism with the revival of former artistical styles all over in Europe. Evoking the Italian Renaissance in Hungary has historical roots and special meanings. Italian models appear in main artworks emerged in Renaissance Revival style in Hungary are more articulated and known in architecture. Garden art examples are to be examined. In Italy this period brought the reappearence of the Revival too, with a plenty of (still existing) garden artworks, designed by Italian, British and American architects or horticulturists. In the 19th century garden design was not yet an autonomous discipline and art tended to be complexive, hence architecture�art�garden history might be examined paralelly.
For accessibility reasons diagnostic research (publications, online archives) was started on historical context as a first step. In problem analysis we must define the regions to be focused on. After a short explorative study on Hungarian material (map-plan-site analysis), have we planned a survey and as soon as possible of Italian material. Fieldwork adhere to better comprehension of geomorphologial circumstancies, compositional principles, built and plant elements, use of materials. Through case studies a comparative analysis is planned to lead to conclusions and results. A three-time level comparison (survey-plan-execution) is optimal.
Sources already showed similar Renaissance Revival design allusions in Buda Castle garden and Tuscan villa gardens.
GREATNESS IN FALL. KAREL VAN MANDER�S APPROACH TO CREATIVE FAILURE
Authors: De Mambro Santos Ricardo
Published: April 2022

The paper examines Karel van Mander�s consistent descriptions of artistic incompetence, technical mediocrity, and creative failure in Het Schilder-Boeck � or The Book of Painting, first published in Alkmaar 1604 � in the attempt to understand the functionality of his remarks � from an aesthetic, ethical, and pedagogical standpoint � as cautionary tales for apprentices and young patrons. It will be argued that, by establishing a sharp distinction between �excellent masters� and �mediocre painters,� Van Mander�s narrative validates the instructional legitimacy of mentioning, along with the careers of noble, successful, and ingenious artists, the disheartening experiences of those painters who, for reasons that Van Mander does not neglect to point out, have missed their original calls and betrayed what the author refers to as their �predestined inclination,� consequently leading a life of despair, misery and deprivation. The essay will explore, in particular, the vocabulary used by Van Mander to describe these cases of creative as well as ethical misconduct in relation to a metaphor recurrently adopted in those pages: the climbing of a mountain and the unforeseeable � and yet essential � explorations within the �labyrinth of painting� (Picturams Labyrinthus).
Arts and sciences appear as two intertwined domains in Karel van Mander�s Schilder-Boeck, or Book of Painting, for they are both based on the same quest of continual investigation in order to provide a better understanding, or a more visually-compelling representation of, Nature.1 It should come as no surprise, therefore, if Van Mander praises the paintings created by the forerunner of the Northern tradition, that is, Jan van Eyck, as �noble inventions� (edel inventie) and compares them, metaphorically, to the astounding, deafening invention of explosive powders by the alchemist called Bartholdus Schwartz.2 According to this analogy, both creators should be described as �quick-thinking spirits� (werckende wacker gheesten).3 Stimulated by their inquisitive spirits, they have created something really good.
THE ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE FROM THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE RENAISSANCE UP TO THE DIGITAL BUILDING INFORMATION MODELL A STUDY ON THE ITERATIVE METHODS OF VISUALIZING BUILDING PLANNING
Authors: Stange Matthias
Published: April 2022

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is one of the most promising current design methods and plays a vital role in visualising the architectural process from the early design phase up to the use of the buildings. However, there is a large gap in research on the evolutionary steps of architectural visualization from the outstanding discoveries of the Renaissance up to digital building information model we use nowadays. Particularly in response to the question: Which fundamental developments in architectural visualization have made possible the currently used Building Information Model since the revolutionary discoveries of the Renaissance, and what are the prospects? With the help of an extensive literature review, this study examines the developmental stages of architectural practice and architectural visualization since the Renaissance, as well as their communicative achievements and culture-creating or culture-changing effects. The analysis focuses on the triggers of significant developments, their importance for subsequent methods and the transmission of knowledge across epochs.
AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE MARKET IN EUROPE AND ROMANIA
Authors: Regep Alina Claudia , Barna Flavia , Regep Horatiu Dan
Published: April 2022

The experience of developed countries demonstrated that without a strong agriculture insurance market you cannot have a modern and strong agriculture industry in your country. For a farmer, in order to work the land intensive with high quality technology they need big investments. Taking into account these big investments it is very important that the farmer should take into account the associated climate risk which if it is not insured can be very devastating for the farmer. In the last decade the climate change a lot and the intensity and frequency of this risk increased. As example in Romania, the risk of drought did many damages in country in the 2020 and 2019. Many farmers were affected around 80% from their total yield and only with the support of the state they continued their activity. The insurance products are considered an important instrument in climate risk mitigation for the farmers but it is very important that that these products are part from an insurance state scheme. In all type of countries, developed or emerging, state scheme exists but are very different from country to country. These schemes have a direct influence in the development of the agriculture insurance market. By analyzing the insurance market from different countries we identified which are the most important factors that influence the market: the objectives of the state schemes, access of farmers to different investments programs, cost of the insurance programs, subsidies of the insurance offered by the state.
In this paper we presented how the local Romanian agriculture insurance market is influenced by different factors like: implementation of national subsidies, enter on the market of new specialized insurers or climate change. Due to these factors farmers reacted in different ways, but anyway the agriculture insurance market in Romania has a big potential as only approximately 20% of the Romanian agriculture land is insured.
FACTORS INFLUENCING INNOVATION CLUSTERS DEVELOPMENT IN ROMANIA
Authors: Fleaca Bogdan , Militaru Andreea Maria Gabriela , Rotarescu Andreea-Mihaela , Fleaca Elena
Published: April 2022

The main field of study for the article topic is the innovation clusters concept, a brief history about clusters and how are becoming more and more essential for innovation development. The functioning of innovation is based on cooperation and collaboration between entities, allowing orchestration of activities, new technologies and adopting solutions based on the market needs. Proximity is often correlated with cooperation, better use of infrastructure and built of science and tech parks as a way of increasing economies.
The scope of this analysis leads towards a focus on types of factors which help development of innovation (innovative clusters) in general, with a focus on the technology and research and development environment in Romania. The methodology applied is summarized as follows: analysis of existing literature on the topic of innovative clustering, main contributions, the linkage with innovation and main trends worldwide, and interpretation of data gathered from the Global Innovation Index (GII) and local secondary sources, identifying the main factors which could influence forming potential innovation cluster on the Romanian territory.
Analyzing the context which the linkages across innovation ecosystems and sectors are thriving and growing can further give some insight over the economies evolution further on.
EXCELLENCE-BASED PREDICTORS OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS� METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS
Authors: Barta Andrea , Tamas Borbala , Galfi Bernadette , P�ka Tunde , Szamoskozi Istvan
Published: April 2022

Metacognitive processes influence not only success in learning, but also contribute to career success. One of the main aims of education is the improvement of higher-order cognitive abilities like metacognition. Earlier studies demonstrated that extracurricular activities, such as experiences acquired during competitions, improve metacognitive skills. The aim of our correlational, cross-sectional study is the establishment of the explanatory power of different types and levels of competitions for the variability of metacognitive awareness. Students of Babe?-Bolyai University participated in the study, their demographic and competition-related characteristics were recorded, and metacognitive awareness was assessed via the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory. Based on our hierarchical regression model, controlling demographical variables, participation in competitions explain 32.9% of the variance of metacognitive awareness. Participation in institution-level competitions, art and sports competition attendance are not significant predictors of metacognitive awareness, but participation in science subjects and humanities county level or national Olympiads have a significant unique contribution to the model. Our results suggest that science subjects and humanities competition attendance empowers students with experiences which may contribute to the progress of their metacognitive knowledge and regulation strategies.
SENSITIZING FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN SOCIAL ECONOMY
Authors: Szabo Bela
Published: April 2022

Mankind has always been preoccupied with the issue of sustainability. In today�s social context, however, it seems to be an increasingly important issue that what and how we produce can be sustained in the long run. This is not just a key issue for a market economy. This paper addresses the issue of sustainability that arises for organizations with different social missions. An international research project will be presented, dealing with sustainability management and green controlling in the social economy. The project�s partnership consists from four universities and two companies from Austria, Czech Republic, Germany and Romania, funded by Erasmus+. The main aim is to develop a teaching module for the qualification of future managers in the social economy on the topic of sustainability. Also, to form a multi-professional cooperation between researchers and practitioners within the framework of a strategic partnership which enables to develop practical content on the basis of the latest research. The results will be available for open access.
ANALYSIS OF PUPIL'S SOLUTION OF RESEARCH CHARACTER IN THE TRAINING OF FUTURE TEACHERS
Authors: Krpec Radek , Barot Tomas
Published: April 2022

In the frame of the realized research based on the constructivist approach to teaching mathematics at primary and secondary schools, among other aspects, the idea was to focus on one of the key and important activities of the teacher, such as the analysis of pupils' problem solving. In this contribution, the written form of the pupils� solutions has been focused and shown. According to the missing practical experiences in the mathematical areas, pupils investigated some properties (principles) in a series of mathematical problems bound to the mathematical research character, i.e., in the frame of solving these tasks.
In these series, problems focused on the investigation and justification, the phenomenon periodical appeared by a division of pairs of natural numbers with the rational number as their result. The sample of the population was, instead of the students, who have been prepared for the professional position of the primary and secondary school math teacher. Each student received various series of problems; however, the level of the series was similar.
In the frame of the research, analysis the thinking movements from the first task to the second task, from the second task to the third task in the frame of the same series, and to the fourth task and summarize the thinking movement across the whole series. The further aim is the comparison, how the thinking movements are being differed in the frame of the partial movements of each considered student. Due to the scope, we limited ourselves to comparing two students.
EVALUATION OF THERAPEUTIC AND THERAPEUTIC-EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS IN ADDICTOLOGY
Authors: Valenta Milan , V�vra Jakub
Published: April 2022

The article focuses on the evaluation of therapeutic and therapeutic-educational approaches from the perspective of patients of psychiatric units (Military Hospital Olomouc, Psychiatric Hospital Kromeriz) in the process of addiction treatment (drugs and drug-alcohol combinations). The subject of the research is the factor of evaluation of semantic differential of the following interventions: dramatherapy, progressive stages of treatment (0-3), medication, psychotherapeutic group, self-management - therapeutic community, point system, activity therapy, autogenic training. The researchers' interest has focused primarily on the evaluation of the dramatherapy intervention in comparison with other treatment modalities. Data collection was supported by the semantic differential method at the factor level of evaluation.
COUNTRY BULLYNG AND PUBLIC SHAMING FOR OUTDOOR TOILETS
Authors: Coman Claudiu , Repanovici Angela , Scarlat Anca Diana , Lautaru Anca
Published: April 2022

In the context of political correctness, we can also discuss the bullying to which some countries and populations are subjected, about the individual one. The problem of the toilet in the yard can be approached also from this perspective of bullying and public shame, not only as an economic indicator. The fact that the evolution of the development of countries is measured in relation to the number of households or people who still have a toilet in the yard has become a discriminating factor for populations in less developed countries, causing demoralization of citizens in countries with most rural. We often find in the media and social media formulations that mark the equality between shame, poverty, lack of civilization and the toilet in the yard. However, in countries such as Romania, Bulgaria or other countries in Southeast Europe, not only the poverty or lack of development of sewerage and water supply infrastructure have maintained the toilet in the yard, but the tradition. In the traditional rural communities, in Romania, one can observe a degree of reluctance towards the transition to the sewerage and running water supply system, on the one hand, due to the lack of autonomy that such a connection to networks, and on the other hand, we even notice a predilection for choosing the traditional toilet, placed outside the home, for reasons of hygiene, saving resources, neighbouring the principles of the green economy to which we are heading today, through the Green Deal. Most people who keep the toilet outdoor, even after connecting to the water supply and sewerage networks or after building toilets inside the house, motivate the choice by the fact that it is cleaner, more hygienic, more economical, and safer, in case something can happen to the toilet inside the house or to the sewer system. Thus, pushing, bullying and public shaming do not affect those who keep their toilet outside out of conviction, not because they would not have other hygiene solutions. In other words, measuring the degree of poverty and civilization by the number of toilets in the yard is a false clue, but it stilll remains a matter of bullyng.
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND COVID CHALLENGES IN TERTIARY EDUCATION
Authors: Velinov Emil , Sanchez-Garcia Javier , Daderska Renata Ochoa , Siguencia Luis Ochoa , Akarcay Yeliz Nur
Published: April 2022

Digital technology development has been emerging in the last couple of years. Moreover, the pandemic period has accelerated the implementation of various video conferencing systems. Nowadays, virtual collaboration became imperial not only in the secondary, but in the higher education as well. Wide variety of digital platforms have become common practice in adult education regardless the age category of learners and educators. Furthermore, the digital disruption radically has changed how the educators and learners perceive the entire process of education. The digital technology considerably has affected the relationship between education providers and learners on the other side due to the different way of teaching and learning process in comparison to the pre-COVID era.
Technological advancements have changed the relationship between learners and educators. Also, it helped the education to become more accessible. This is especially true after the disruption of COVID-19 and the global switch to online learning. Paper findings show that digital skills vary a lot among the selected EU and non-EU countries as the dynamics of digital skills and social inclusion are constantly changing with fast pace.
PREGNANCY AND CKD: ALWAYS A CHALLENGE!
Authors: Ciciu Elena , Pasatu-Cornea Ana-Maria , Nutu Magda , Grosu Andreea , Tuta Liliana- Ana
Published: April 2022

Pregnancy associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a significant fetal and maternal risk, including developing preeclampsia, prematurity and progress of renal function. Is CKD a barrier in conception? The aim of the study was to monitor the maternal and fetal evolution and complications occurring during pregnant patients with different degrees of CKD. Our study used a descriptive and prospective plan for analyzing pregnancies of women with CKD and the fetal and maternal impact of it. A total of 23 patients were included in the study and were followed for three years. Results: Of total number of 104 patients with renal pathology included in studied group, 23 had chronic kidney disease (22%) and the rest of it had acute renal insufficiency or infectious renal pathology. Depending on the evolution of CKD there were 8 cases with acute deterioration of renal function and 15 cases in which the renal function remained stationary. The underlying renal disease was represented by autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, chronic pyelonephritis, glomerular nephropathies, and women who have already been on hemodialysis therapy. Urinary tract infections, nephrotic syndrome and preeclampsia were the main causes of acute on CKD. Complications were represented by spontaneous abortions, prematurity, septic shock and, in some cases, followed by progression of CKD stage. Conclusions: Pregnancy associated with CKD represents a challenge for physicians, even in early stages, and it is necessary to be monitored in a multidisciplinary team, for reducing fetal and maternal risks.
SILICA DUST EXPOSURE, STILL PRESENT ISSUE FOR DOCTORS
Authors: Smarandescu Raluca Andreea , Rascu Agripina , Otelea Marina-Ruxandra , Handra Claudia-Mariana , Calutu Iulia-Maria
Published: April 2022

The secondary interstitial lung diseases have been an intensely debated topic lately. Recent research describes increasingly more associations between various occupational hazards and the incidence of pulmonary fibrosis. Even the well-known category of pneumoconioses, in which silicosis has a long-established inclusion, continues to raise challenges and create delays in diagnosis while affecting the patient's psychological and social wellbeing. The diagnosis delay also avoids the decision to end the exposure that modifies the rate of progression of the disease.
Prolonged exposure to free crystalline silica dust causes silicosis through its deposition in the lung tissue. On the one hand, the diagnosis difficulties rely on the ignorance of the occupational exposure, and the other hand, on the lack of a specific clinical picture and biomarkers.
Next, we describe the diagnose trajectory of a non-smoking male patient, 56-year-old, from a rural area, who worked for 12 years in a cast iron and steel foundry. Before being admitted in Occupational Medicine Department, the patient checked in repeatedly with the territorial pulmonology services since 2008. The presumptive diagnoses were pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer, without conclusive diagnostic proof for any of these entities. His clinical status deteriorated, and his anxiety continued to rise in the face of a death prognostic due to an, in reality, inexistent lung cancer. After 11 years of uncertainty, the actual diagnosis became apparent during the hospitalization in the Occupational Medicine Clinic.
Finally, we discuss the possibilities of reducing the delay in diagnosis, including some novel biomarkers that might be relevant.
IN REGARDS OF THE COMPETENCE ORIENTATION OF THE MODERN GEOGRAPHY TRAINING IN BULGARIA
Authors: Vasileva Maya
Published: April 2022

The basis of the country's educational policy today is the competence approach. It is enshrined in the state�s educational standard and respectively in the new curricula in all subjects: through the indicated expected learning outcomes in the form of competencies; through the proposed recommended percentage distribution for the different lessons; through guidelines for specific assessment methods and forms; through the sample activities that support the acquisition of key competencies and the implementation of interdisciplinary links. What is the specific application of this approach in geography education? What specific competencies are set in the curricula in geography and economics? What are the possibilities for them to be formed through the subject training? What training from the teacher�s side is needed for this? The answer to these questions is sought in the present study. The answer to these questions is extremely important for the study of geography in Bulgaria at this stage. In this regard, the study focuses on geographical competence, understood as a stage in the development of geographical culture of students in the process of teaching geography and designed at several levels: first - in the relevant normative documentation on the subject (curricula, state educational requirements for education content and assessment, educational standards); second - in the educational process and third - in the methods and forms of control. At the level of educational process the focus is on the specific conditions and opportunities for planning and formation of geographical competence of students in the teaching of geography and economics. The leading role and limitations of the state educational framework are outlined. The contradiction between the competence orientation of geographical education and its standardization is clearly highlighted.
HUMAN HEALTH RISK CAUSED BY COMMON SOURCES OF IONIZING RADIATION
Authors: Sinovsky Jan , Bencikova Eleonora , Astaryova Ivana
Published: April 2022

The effects of ionizing radiation on the basis of cellular losses of radiation to the body can cause disease changes of various kinds, which can manifest themselves over several days, weeks, and others over the years to decades. From the point of view of an integrated organism, the effects of ionizing radiation extinguish deterministic effects, where the effect occurs naturally after reaching a certain radiation dose and stochastic effects, where the probability of damage increases as the radiation dose increases. The paper introduces all the common natural and artificial sources of radioactive radiation. The focus is on factors influencing the effect of radiation on living systems, acute radiation and later postradiation syndromes described, as well as the acute radiation sickness. Both deterministic and stochastic effects of radiation in relevance to human health described together with cellular deformation originated in the radioactive affection. Neurovascular, haematological, gastrointestinal, toxemic and cardiovascular systems suffer as the result of high radiation dozes. DNA deformation cause genetic defects for generations.
Experiencia de educación a distancia durante el confinamiento del COVID-19
Authors: Román Wanda , De La Cruz Doris , Martínez Judith
Published: April 2022

The objective of this research was to carry out a diagnosis of the development of the distance education experience through the emergence of COVID-19, at the Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (UASD), San Francisco de Macorís, Santiago and Puerto Plata campuses and at the La Vega Center. The methodology implemented corresponds to the quantitative, descriptive, bibliographic and field approach. Among the most important results, it can be mentioned that 62% of the students responded that they were only receiving distance teaching in some of the subjects selected in the 2020-1 semester, while 16% indicated that they were receiving teaching in all subjects. In conclusion, the university platform is not used due to the lack of knowledge that teachers and students have about its implementation. Among the recommendations is the creation and strengthening of technological units to support teaching and students at all campuses and centers.
Clima social familiar y síntomas psicopatológicos en universitarios confinados por pandemia en Nueva Cajamarca
Authors: Pérez-Bringas Alexander Alonso
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre las dimensiones de clima social familiar y los síntomas psicopatológicos en universitarios confinados durante la pandemia en una universidad de la ciudad de Nueva Cajamarca. Materiales y métodos: la muestra estuvo conformada por 103 estudiantes universitarios de ambos sexos, entre los ciclos segundo y séptimo de la carrera de psicología. Se utilizó un diseño transversal de tipo correlacional. Asimismo, se empleó la Escala de Clima Social Familiar (FES) y el Cuestionario de 90 síntomas (SCL-90-R). En cuanto al análisis de los datos se aplicó la estadística descriptiva mediante tablas de frecuencia y para la comprobación de hipótesis se usó el estadístico inferencial Tau b de Kendall. Resultados: se encontró relación negativa entre la dimensión estabilidad de Clima Social Familiar y Síntomas Psicopatológico. También se halló relación entre las dimensiones relación y desarrollo de clima social familiar con las dimensiones ideación paranoide, ideas obsesivas y depresión. Conclusión: los hallazgos indican que si la familia presenta una estructura y normas deficientes es posible que los jóvenes presenten tendencia a sentirse inferiores a los demás. Además, puedan desarrollar depresión, ansiedad, hostilidad, ansiedad fóbica y psicoticismo. Igualmente, la forma en que la familia interactúa y fomenta el desarrollo en el hijo puede ocasionar que presente miedo a perder el control, la autonomía, desarrollando paranoia e ideas obsesivas y compulsivas.
KARAKTERISTIK BALITA PENDERITA MALARIA DI DAERAH HIPOENDEMIS
Authors: Siahaan Lambok
Published: April 2022

Malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Balita adalah salah satu
kelompok yang berisiko mengalami infeksi penyakit ini. Pengenalan karakteristik penderita
malaria dapat membantu memutus rantai penularan penyakit malaria. Penelitian ini bertujuan
untuk mengetahui karakteristik balita penderita malaria di daerah hipoendemis. Penelitian ini
merupakan penelitian longitudinal dimana setiap sampel penelitian diamati selama dua bulan.
Penelitian dilakukan pada masyarakat yang telah tinggal menetap di wilayah penelitian yang
memiliki beberapa faktor risiko malaria. Diagnosis malaria ditentukan dengan pemeriksaan
mikroskopis secara serial. Hasil penelitian terdapat balita penderita malaria dengan proporsi
tertinggi adalah penderita malaria klinis. Penyebab malaria tersering adalah Plasmodium
vivax. Ditemukan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan kadar hemoglobin pada balita penderita
malaria dengan non-penderita malaria. Pada penelitian tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang
signifikan pada parameter perlindungan diri dan perilaku. Diagnosis malaria pada anak di
bawah lima tahun tidak dapat ditentukan hanya berdasarkan gejala klinis demam dan tanda
klinis anemia, tetapi harus dilakukan pemeriksaan mikroskopis secara serial.
EFEKTIVITAS ASAP CAIR KULIT KOPI (Coffea sp) SEBAGAI ANTISEPTIK
TERHADAP MIKROBA SECARA IN VITRO dan IN VIVO
Authors: Saepul Anzar Irawan , Pitrianingsih Sindi , Sodikin Ahmad , Fadhila Feldha , Maryana Yayan , Rumidatul Alfi
Published: April 2022

Penyakit infeksi dapat disebabkan oleh bakteri dan jamur, pencegahannya dapat diatasi
dengan antiseptik tetapi penggunaan antiseptik dapat menimbulkan efek samping seperti
iritasi ringan sampai kerusakan jaringan sehingga diperlukan antiseptik alternatif. Asap cair
kulit kopi berpotensi sebagai antiseptik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas
asap cair kulit kopi sebagai antiseptik terhadap pertumbuhan mikroba secara in vitro dengan
menggunakan uji daya hambat dan in vivo menggunakan metode swab test pada telapak
tangan. Hasil uji in vitro diperoleh zona hambat asap cair kulit kopi terhadap Escherichia coli
ATCC 25922 adalah 1,16 mm (konsentrasi 50%), 1,6 mm (konsentrasi 75%), dan 2,1 mm
(konsentrasi 100%). Pada Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 adalah 2,0 mm (konsentrasi
50%), 2,8 mm (konsentrasi 75%), dan 3,3 mm (konsentrasi 100%), pada Aspergilus flavus
ATCC 9643 dan Candida albicans ATCC 10231 belum mampu menghambat. Hasil uji in
vivo menunjukkan efektivitas penurunan pertumbuhan pada bakteri sebesar 72,75 % dan
jamur sebesar 65,75% sedangkan dari data kuesioner responden diperoleh hasil 75%
responden menyukai warna, 50% menyukai aroma, 91,67% tidak menimbulkan kekeringan,
dan 75% tidak menimbulkan efek gatal dan rasa terbakar. Asap cair kulit kopi mampu
menghambat bakteri karena adanya interaksi antara senyawa fenol dalam asap cair dengan
protein pada dinding sel mikroba sehingga menyebabkan lisis pada membran sel. Berdasarkan
hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa asap cair kulit kopi (Coffea sp) berpotensi sebagai
antiseptik.
PEMERIKSAAN FORENSIK KLINIK PADA PASIEN TERKONFIRMASI POSITIF
COVID-19 YANG MENGALAMI KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS
Authors: Suryadi Taufik , Pratiwi Riska , Dianti Sukma Wulan , Chamisa Alda Olivia , Mereli Alifi Endrian
Published: April 2022

COVID-19 dapat menginfeksi korban kecelakaan lalu lintas. Kewaspadaan dokter dan
petugas kesehatan untuk selalu berhati-hati menangani pasien diperlukan pada masa pandemi
ini. Peningkatan kewaspadaan dilakukan dengan screening awal ketika pasien akan masuk ke
rumah sakit. Dilaporkan sebuah kasus cedera multipel akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas pada
seorang laki-laki berumur 19 tahun. Kecelakaan yang terjadi menyebabkan dua orang
penumpang yang duduk di barisan depan dan pengemudi terhempas keluar mobil dan
ditemukan pada jarak 2 meter di belakang mobil. Benturan kuat yang terjadi saat kecelakaan
menyebabkan terjadinya fraktur pada beberapa tempat seperti pada tulang hidung dan tulang
bahu kanan. Pada saat akan dirawat di rumah sakit, pasien diperika swab RT-PCR dengan
hasil positif COVID-19 dan disiolasi di ruangan new emerging dan re-emerging (PINERE).
Penumpang lain terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19 sementara pengemudi negatif COVID-19.
Pemeriksaan forensik klinik dilakukan untuk penerbitan visum et repertum. Pemeriksaan
forensik klinik dilakukan cara pemeriksa dan korban tidak berhadapan langsung melainkan
dibatasi dengan pembatas kaca dalam ruangan berbeda. Pemeriksaan forensik klinik pada
korban yang menderita COVID-19 dilakukan dengan prinsip meminimalisir paparan infeksi
COVID-19 di masa pandemi. Pemeriksaan forensik klinik pada korban kecelakaan lalu lintas
yang terinfeksi virus COVID-19 dapat dilakukan dengan memodifikasi pemeriksaan sehingga
pemeriksa terlindungi dengan tetap menjalankan prinsip-prinsip pembuktian medikolegal.
Perancangan Sistem PPIC dan Penempatan Barang Di Gudang Perusahaan Roti X
Authors: Cahyadi Calvino , Octavia Tanti
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk perancangan Production Planning and Inventory Control (PPIC) pada perusahan Roti X. Hingga saat ini perusahaan masih belum memiliki rancangan PPIC. Selain permasalahan peramalan gudang penyimpanan bahan baku perusahaan Roti X juga masih kurang rapi sehingga diperlukan perbaikan layout dari gudang penyimpanan. Perancangan PPIC pada penelitian ini meliputi peramalan, pembuatan master production schedule (mps), perencanaan agregat, pembuatan material requirement planning (mrp), dan perhitungan lotsizing. Metode permalan yang terpilih pada penelitian ini adalah metode winter multiplicative dan weighted moving average. Perhitungan biaya pengadaan material dengan metode wagner whitin sebesar Rp 267,162,595.53. Pembuatan VBA seletah perancangan sistem PPIC dilakukan untuk memudahkan dalam mengakses data dan pengambilan keputusan. Penelitian lain yang dilakukan adalah perbaikan layout gudang dengan menggunakan metode ABC Analysis. Hasil dari perbaikan layout gudang adalah penurunan nilai perpindahan momen sebesar 4.2708 % atau penurunan jarak material handling dari 480 m menjadi 459.5 m.