bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A ‘Rights-Based’ Approach to Optimal Tax Policy
Authors: Zambrano Eduardo
Published: December 2017

In this chapter I propose a comprehensive framework for the evaluation of policy reforms that have both winners and losers. The starting point of the analysis is the identification of what individuals have a right to. The next step is the identification of principles of efficiency, fairness, and robustness out of which a social ordering function can be constructed for the ranking of social states. The resulting methodology gives priority in the social evaluation to the situation of those individuals who are being treated the most unfairly by policies, relative to what they have a right to. The chapter aims to illustrate how to implement the methodology in a situation involving tax reform.
Introducing the Study
Authors: Baron Alan , Hassard John , Cheetham Fiona , Sharifi Sudi
Published: December 2017

The chapter explains how the main aim of this book is to examine the culture of a ‘compassionate organization’—an English hospice—through the eyes of its members. The investigation is related to its social and historical context and, from these data, some conclusions are suggested about the relationship between organizational culture, identity, and image. Many previous studies have examined these fundamental elements within formal (frequently private and public sector) work organizations, but none has done so within the singular (third sector) setting of a hospice—which deals with issues of care and compassion, death and dying on a daily basis. The examination of these aspects of organizational life within such a unique social institution has allowed the authors to analyse the many and varied relationships between the case Hospice and its stakeholders, including staff and volunteers, those within the wider healthcare community, and members of the general public.
Organization Culture
Authors: Baron Alan , Hassard John , Cheetham Fiona , Sharifi Sudi
Published: December 2017

The study of an English hospice commences by first examining the literature on organizational culture. The extensive and often contested literature on two major and competing epistemological positions is explored. The first is associated with realism and positivism and the second with nominalism and interpretivism. In the former, culture is seen as an instrumental aspect of organizational life—an independent variable capable of manipulation by the organizational members. In the latter, culture has a much more ambiguous ontology, being conceptualized as a tacit framing device or meanings dimension that allows for sense-making amongst the organization’s stakeholders. This divergence of views is often expressed in terms of whether culture is something the organization has or something the organization is. Such views are often seen as being at opposite (objectivist versus subjectivist) ends of a continuum of social science philosophy.
Researching Ethnographically
Authors: Baron Alan , Hassard John , Cheetham Fiona , Sharifi Sudi
Published: December 2017

This chapter discusses the research approach employed in exploring the organization; that is, how the authors went about collecting and analysing the data on the case Hospice. It starts by stating that the authors have adopted an interpretivist rather than a positivist view. It follows the classic work of Berger and Luckmann who, by the title of their best-known work, see reality as ‘socially constructed’. The approach chosen for this research, therefore, allows the authors to explore something of this intersubjective world within a wider reflexive interpretation of the organizational culture under investigation. Following this discussion, the philosophical underpinnings that support this methodological choice are examined. The final sections of the chapter examine some of the more practical aspects of the research process, including how the data were collected, collated, coded, and analysed.
Understanding Hospice Life
Authors: Baron Alan , Hassard John , Cheetham Fiona , Sharifi Sudi
Published: December 2017

This chapter presents a reflexive account of life in a hospice—one that will reveal how the members see, feel, and think about the culture of their organization. During the period of data collection the authors had extended conversations with staff from all disciplines and with a number of people who regularly volunteer at the Hospice. They also attended many meetings and observed working practices to give a greater insight into what the Hospice means to those who work there. The chapter examines how dealing with issues of death and dying as part of everyday work can impact on the members and stakeholders of the Hospice. Wider discussion of some of the major ideas in the literature, and their application to the Hospice setting, provides evidence to support some of the main theories reviewed.
Discussing the Discussions
Authors: Baron Alan , Hassard John , Cheetham Fiona , Sharifi Sudi
Published: December 2017

This chapter discusses the findings of the study through the lens of the academic literature on management and organization. Initially the authors revisit the questions that form the basis of this research and examine the relative inaccessibility of the culture concept and the challenges this brings for ethnographic researchers. They then examine the nature of the relationship between culture, identity, and image as supported by the results of this investigation and frame the analysis within a broader contextual discussion of hospice history and tradition. Finally they offer further reflections on organization culture as variously an integrating, differentiating, and ambiguous phenomenon, and on the image of the hospice as seen through the eyes of significant ‘others’ in its institutional environment, and notably other healthcare professionals.
Conclusions
Authors: Baron Alan , Hassard John , Cheetham Fiona , Sharifi Sudi
Published: December 2017

The final chapter brings together a series of conclusions based on the preceding study of workplace attitudes, behaviour, and experiences within an English hospice. Initially it examines the nature of relationships between the three concepts that form the analytical core of this study—culture, identity, and image. This includes a wide-ranging critical review of these concepts in relation to the relevant fields of literature in management and organization theory. Subsequently a number of limitations are considered with regard to the use of Schein’s well-known three-level model of culture as a framework for guiding empirical research. The chapter ends by discussing some metaphorical issues relevant to the study and specifically makes proposals for perceiving organization culture as something that is philosophically fluid, uncertain, and in flux.
Ultimacy
Authors: Wildman Wesley J.
Published: December 2017

This chapter introduces the study as a work of philosophical theology that adopts the morality of inquiry prevalent within the modern research university. This requires seeking knowledge without privileging the special interests of religious or anti-religious individuals or groups, doctrines, or traditions. The inquiry operates comparatively and evaluatively; it is post-foundationalist, coherentist, and fallibilist in its approach to argumentation, evidence, belief, and knowledge; and it is conducted within an apophatic frame of reference that promotes precision and play. A key term is defined: Ultimate reality is reality as it is most truly, most simply, most comprehensively, most significantly; it is the final word on reality. The chapter introduces three “Great Models” of ultimate reality and three cosmological frameworks that help to connect those models to empirical and experiential considerations. The result is six viable combinations, of which three form the focus of the reverent comparative competition presented in the book.
Agential-Being Models of Ultimate Reality
Authors: Wildman Wesley J.
Published: December 2017

Agential-being models of ultimate reality affirm that ultimate reality is an aware, agential being. The Central Result of the scientific study of religion—that human beings will spontaneously create anthropomorphic supernatural agents to believe in, and to make religious use of, whether or not those agents actually exist—erodes the plausibility of any belief in supernatural agents, without proving such beliefs false, so it imposes a heavy burden on proponents of agential-being theism to show that the agential-being God hypothesis is plausible in light of all relevant information, and convincingly superior to competitor views. Agential-being ultimacy models resist the Rational Practicality and Narrative Comprehensibility dimensions of anthropomorphism to some degree but continue to employ the Intentionality Attribution dimension of anthropomorphism, resulting in a strategy of judicious anthropomorphism. Variations, strengths, and weaknesses of the agential-being class of ultimacy models are discussed.
Subordinate-Deity Models of Ultimate Reality
Authors: Wildman Wesley J.
Published: December 2017

Subordinate-deity models of ultimate reality affirm that God is Highest Being within an ultimate reality that is neither conceptually tractable nor religiously relevant. Subordinate-deity models ceded their dominance to agential-being models of ultimate reality by refusing to supply a comprehensive answer to the metaphysical problem of the One and the Many in the wake of the Axial-Age interest in that problem, but they have revived in the twentieth century due to post-colonial resistance to putatively comprehensive explanations. Subordinate-deity ultimacy models resist the Intentionality Attribution and Narrative Comprehensibility dimensions of anthropomorphism to some degree but continue to employ the Rational Practicality dimension of anthropomorphism, resulting in a strategy of judicious anthropomorphism. Variations, strengths, and weaknesses of the subordinate-deity class of ultimacy models are discussed.
Conclusion
Authors: Wildman Wesley J.
Published: December 2017

This study described the three classes of ultimacy models under discussion, noting internal variations within each class, eliminating inferior members, and retaining the most compelling representatives. It identified strengths and weaknesses, focusing on the most salient respects of comparison. No knock-down arguments for or against any of the three classes of models were detected, which is expected for Great Models of ultimate reality. But a couple of dozen comparative criteria were identified, which collectively constitute the basis upon which the relative plausibility of the competing ultimacy models is determined. When results are tallied, ground-of-being ultimacy models have a slight advantage over agential-being and subordinate-deity models. This process of comparative analysis directs subsequent debate to the relative importance of comparative criteria, which is always the most salient consideration in any well-formed comparison.
Shape as understood by performing musicians
Authors: Prior Helen M.
Published: December 2017

Recent studies of musicians’ use of the concept of shape have examined its multimodal characteristics and expression; its link with musical identity; and its function as one of many heuristics for achieving a particular effect rapidly and without cumbersome amounts of conscious thought. This chapter analyses interview data, leading to the construction of a model encompassing the levels at which shaping was discussed, triggers for musical shaping, heuristics, technical modifications, and the resulting change in sound. An overview of the data is provided through an explanation of each component, and the distribution among the participants of the use of each idea discussed. The model is then used to represent selected parts of the data to give an insight into how the components of the model were combined in the interviews. Finally, the model is discussed in relation to its potential for generalization embracing other performing musicians.
Reflection
Authors: Desbruslais Simon
Published: December 2017

During a rehearsal of Johann Sebastian Bach’s Cantata BWV 51 in Oxford in 2008, a colleague, whom I had invited to listen and to observe, advised quite simply: more shapes. The aim, I believe, was to lift the notes further from the page to create a more nuanced and stylish performance. This suited both the contrapuntal edifice of Bach’s music and the period instruments that we were using. On this occasion I was leading the ensemble and therefore in possession of greater authority than usual. I have nonetheless had similar subsequent experiences of this piece, and of similar repertoire, where I have possessed artistic licence to create a microcosm of musical shapes not found in the notated score. Indeed, I have found that such practice continues to be strongly encouraged within this genre....
Reflection
Authors: Applebaum Mark
Published: December 2017

The Metaphysics of Notation (2008) is a 72-foot-wide, hand-drawn pictographic score divided into twelve continuous panels.1 It is accompanied by no instruction regarding its interpretation. The work aspires to elicit a musical response from a performer, but despite its profusion of concrete, detailed glyphs it advocates nothing specific about the nature of their aural realization. Furthermore, I heard no sound in my head while composing the piece. This is a radical departure from the approach to composition I was taught, in which the composer’s job is to imagine—preferably with exacting resolution—a sound object, and then, through the deft application of the most relevant notation (whether traditional or invented—but if the latter, surely a defined one) to produce a specification from which a performer (burdened or invigorated by a marginal or essential role as interpreter) can realize this imagined sound....
Reflection
Authors: Hwang I-Uen Wang
Published: December 2017

In twenty-first-century atonal music, tonality is more than the organization of musical components: it also includes timbres, texture, instrumentation, articulation and additional elements which will be discussed in a moment. In modern art since the era of impressionism, painting has developed towards a synaesthetic scheme in which tonality is considered to be a succession of movements. Modern art also places a greater emphasis on the use of colours to depict emotions. Traditional subjects are often superseded by geometric patterns. Abstract art is thus akin to atonal music, which replaces tonal centres with alternative methods of structuring the twelve notes....
Music and shape in synaesthesia
Authors: Ward Jamie
Published: December 2017

People with synaesthesia have extra percept-like experiences that are automatically elicited by certain stimuli: for instance, some synaesthetes experience music visually as well as via hearing. Although this has historically been labelled as ‘coloured hearing’, there is far more to the experience than colour: the visions also tend to have shape, movement, texture and location. The chapter starts with a general overview of synaesthesia and then goes on to consider auditory–visual synaesthesia in particular, concentrating on what little is known about shape. Whereas most psychological research has focused on the shapes of individual notes (e.g. high-pitch notes being spiky), synaesthetes report that shape is important at multiple levels in music: from single notes, through to whole compositions and performances. The final part of the chapter contains first-person accounts of synaesthetes describing the shape of music.
Reflection
Authors: Reuben Alex
Published: December 2017

I have a background as a DJ and in art and design. I feel there’s a rhythm in a group of people and how they move, a sense of contagion through improvisation and structure passing from one to another, a group experience. My films feature dance and are directed to and by sound. When I DJed, the music spatially cut up the nightclub for me: it created a sculptural sensation, a form, a conjoined physical, emotional weight....
Reflection
Authors: Holter Julia
Published: December 2017

Most of the time I find that once a piece of music I have made has a ‘shape’—or as I say it, has a ‘form’—it is finished, regardless of what shape it is. But it’s hard to say how I know at what point it has a shape—it’s obviously a subjective thing. I think I have in my mind a kind of closed rounded figure whose shape changes continuously, like an amoeba or something. But it can (and always will) stretch and morph into something new with every experience of listening to the piece; all the parts inside are alive and will move around and change. It’s just important that it is closed. That closure and the fact that things within it can change but always remain within is what makes it a piece....
Intervention
Authors: Arditti Irvine
Published: December 2017

Leader of the internationally renowned Arditti String Quartet, Irvine Arditti reflects on how he came to form the quartet, the virtues of working with living composers, and the distinction between composers’ and performers’ responsibilities. He closes with a reference to a prominent music critic who complained in print about the problems of trying to review new music when the performers are so persuasive that they make even bad music sound good.
Intervention
Authors: Saunders James , Limbrick Simon
Published: December 2017

This Intervention traces, through email exchanges and blog correspondence, the evolution of a piece for percussion (surfaces) written by James Saunders for Simon Limbrick. The full piece is intended to last twenty-four hours in performance, and involves the sonic activation and exploration of a variety of materials by means of a whole array of techniques. The collaborative development of surfaces is documented in words and images over the ten months from first ideas to first performance, revealing the intertwining of material, conceptual, practical and aesthetic considerations in the creative process.
Intervention
Authors: Payne Emily
Published: December 2017

Collaboration is usually associated with the co-presence of those involved; but in this Intervention Emily Payne discusses a more complex and convoluted process extending over forty years, and involving different performers. Payne’s account of Antony Pay’s 2013 recording of Alexander Goehr’s Paraphrase for solo clarinet, premiered by Alan Hacker in 1969, reveals a ‘back story’ that casts new light on the network of distributed relationships that lies behind this unusual collaborative project.
Intervention
Authors: Croft John
Published: December 2017

The virtues of collaboration have been much trumpeted, but on what basis is it seen to have advantages for composition, and is the enthusiasm for it warranted? In this Intervention, composer John Croft exposes some of the underlying reasons for the focus on collaboration, among them spurious business models, misconceived notions of research, a culture of accountability and the confusion of innovation with originality. He concludes by highlighting the virtues of solitariness, the resistance to influence and single-mindedness in composition.
Improvisation as composition
Authors: Maw David
Published: December 2017

The close connection between improvisation and composition in the French organ school over several centuries warrants analysis of these practices in similar terms, and the advent of recording has afforded the means for carrying it out. This chapter analyses the work of Charles Tournemire and Louis Vierne, who were amongst the earliest organists to record improvisations. Highly accomplished composers and improvisers, they were also noted teachers, and the terms in which they taught improvisation serve to contextualize analysis of their own practice. Vierne emphasized a schematic approach, while Tournemire focused on spontaneity. This difference is mirrored in the contrast of their compositional styles. However, for both men their improvisational practice demonstrates a need to manifest itself self-consciously by exceeding the bounds of compositional convention.
Intervention
Authors: Heyde Neil , Redgate Christopher , Redgate Roger , Wright Matthew
Published: December 2017

Four highly experienced contemporary musicians—cellist, violinist, oboist and turntablist—who had never previously played together as a quartet discuss a public performance of free-improvisation. The conversation ranges across unpredictability and technology, composition and improvisation, and the rewards of getting to know one another through music.
Dementia, Selves, and Stories
Authors: Hydén Lars-Christer
Published: December 2017

This chapter provides information on the social and cultural background of dementia from the early twentieth century into the early twenty-first century. The chapter presents an overview of the discussions about dementia, self, and identity, with a particular emphasis on research on narrative and dementia. The ideas around identity in dementia, from Kitwood to Sabat and Kontos, are discussed, together with research on storytelling in dementia. A general conclusion from this chapter is that although persons with dementia over time will become increasingly challenged as storytellers, they are still active meaning-makers. They are obviously still engaged in the never-ending activity of making sense of their social as well as physical world—events in the world, as well as what people are saying and doing. Telling stories is central to this endeavor, which entails “world-making” as well as “self-making” through constructing, presenting, and negotiating a sense of self and identity.
Dementia
Authors: Hydén Lars-Christer
Published: December 2017

This chapter focuses on the changing brain of individuals living with dementia and the challenges produced by these changes. It is argued that to better understand what persons with changing brains can do as storytellers, together with other persons, it is necessary to add a social psychological perspective to more traditional psychological knowledge, which often is centered on a decontextualized individual and that person’s diseased brain. The chapter discusses the brain’s role in storytelling. Storytelling is a ubiquitous and important everyday activity, but also a very complex social activity taking many different resources into account; cognitive as well as semiotic resources are used, together with a host of emotional resources, to regulate social interaction. The focus is on the limitations of the clinical understanding of the effects of brain injuries and the theoretical concepts that are needed to understand how the brains of persons with dementia are affected.
The nineteenth-century English chronometer: a guide to assessing and dating
Authors: Betts Jonathan
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an accessible and detailed narrative which will enable collectors, dealers, museum curators and auction house staff to assess and ascribe a date (or dates) to a given instrument. The narrative is chronological and describes, decade by decade, how the technical and aesthetic features of the chronometer movement, box fittings and dial all changed over the course of the century. It also emphasises the importance of recognising that these functional instruments were frequently updated and improved over their many years of service, and that this has to be borne in mind when dating, and that such updates and improvements should be considered as part of the objects valid history and not something to be removed.
Characteristics Associated With Treatment Response and Satisfaction in Women Undergoing OnabotulinumtoxinA and Sacral Neuromodulation for Refractory Urgency Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Richter Holly E. , Amundsen C. L. , Erickson S. W. , Jelovsek J. E. , Komesu Y. , Chermansky C. , Harvie H. S. , Albo M. , Myers D. , Gregory W. T. , Wallace D.
Published: December 2017

(Abstracted from J Urol 2017;198:890–896)

Primary treatment approaches for women with urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) include medications and behavioral therapy. Patients with UUI refractory to primary treatments may be offered third-line treatment options such as sacral neuromodulation (SNM) or onabotulinumtoxinA.
Effect of Unilateral Tubal Abnormalities on the Results of Intrauterine Inseminations
Authors: Cochet Tiffany , Gatimel Nicolas , Moreau Jessika , Cohade Clémentine , Fajau Carole , Lesourd Florence , Parinaud Jean , Léandri Roger
Published: December 2017

(Abstracted from Reprod Biomed Online 2017;35:314–317)

While intrauterine insemination (IUI) is one of the first lines of infertility treatments and assisted reproductive techniques, the mean delivery per insemination rate is 10.7% and varies widely from one center to another, according to the French registry. This variation could be attributed to the heterogeneity of the treated population, especially with regard to fallopian tube status.
Association of Short Antenatal Corticosteroid Administration-to-Birth Intervals With Survival and Morbidity Among Very Preterm Infants: Results From the EPICE Cohort
Authors: Norman Mikael , Piedvache Aurelie , Børch Klaus , Huusom Lene Drasbek , Bonamy Anna-Karin Edstedt , Howell Elizabeth A. , Jarreau Pierre-Henri , Maier Rolf F. , Pryds Ole , Toome Liis , Varendi Heili , Weber Tom , Wilson Emilija , van Heijst Arno , Cuttini Marina , Mazela Jan , Barros Henrique , van Reempts Patrick , Draper Elizabeth S. , Zeitlin Jennifer
Published: December 2017

(Abstracted from JAMA Pediatr 2017;171(7):678–686)

Prenatal administration of antenatal corticosteroids (ANSs) reduces neonatal morbidity and mortality in preterm infants and is recommended for women at risk of delivery before 34 weeks' gestation. There is consensus that neonatal benefits are maximized when ANSs are administered 24 hours to 7 days before delivery, but the latest point at which ANSs can be used effectively is unknown.
Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Comparing 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate and Vaginal Progesterone for the Prevention of Recurrent Spontaneous Preterm Delivery
Authors: Oler Elizabeth , Eke Ahizechukwu C. , Hesson Ashley
Published: December 2017

(Abstracted from Int J Gynecol Obstet 2017;138:12–16)

Although the incidence of preterm delivery is decreasing in the United States, it is a leading cause of long-term disability, in addition to contributing to maternal adverse events and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The decreasing incidence of preterm delivery is thought to be due in part to the use of progesterone therapy, including vaginal progesterone and intramuscular 17α-hydroxyprogesterone acetate (17α-OHP).
Preterm Stress Behaviors, Autonomic Indices, and Maternal Perceptions of Infant Colic
Authors: Gardner Fumiyuki C. , Adkins Cherie S. , Hart Sarah E. , Travagli R. Alberto , Doheny Kim Kopenhaver
Published: December 2017

Background:

While biological and behavioral stress response systems are intact in early gestation, preterm infants' behaviors are often more subtle and difficult to interpret compared with full-term infants. They are also more vulnerable for regulatory issues (ie, colic) that are known to impact caregiver–infant interactions. Biobehavioral measures such as behavioral responsivity and heart rate variability (HRV), particularly cardiac vagal tone, may help elucidate preterm infants' stress/regulatory systems.

Purpose:

To test the hypotheses that preterm infants' consoling behaviors and high-frequency (HF) HRV in the first week of life are significantly associated and they are inverse correlates of future colic risk.

Methods/Search Strategy:

Thirty preterm (mean ± SE = 32.7 ± 0.3 weeks postmenstrual age [PMA]) infants underwent direct NIDCAP (Newborn Individualized Development and Assessment Program) observation during routine care and had HRV measurements during their first week postbirth. Sixty-three percent of mothers completed the Infant Colic Scale at 6 to 8 weeks adjusted postnatal age. Nonparametric tests were used to determine associations among behaviors, HRV, and maternal perceptions of infant colic.

Findings/Results:

Self-consoling behaviors were positively associated with HF-HRV (vagal tone). In addition, stress behaviors were positively associated with low-frequency/high-frequency HRV (sympathetic dominance). Infants who displayed more stress behaviors also demonstrated more self-consoling behaviors. No significant associations were found with colic.

Implications for Practice:

HF-HRV provides information on the infant's capacity to modulate stress and is a useful, noninvasive measure when behaviors are more difficult to discern.

Implications for Research:

Further study in a larger sample is needed to determine whether behavioral stress measures and HF-HRV may be useful to determine colic risk.
Hospitals’ adoption of medical device registers: Evidence from the German Arthroplasty Register
Authors: Sternkopf Jan , Schultz Carsten
Published: December 2017

Background:

Hospitals in many countries do not record and analyze artificial hip and knee joint surgeries systematically, leading to a lack of reliable quality assurance data. Arthroplasty registers have the potential to alleviate this and improve quality of care and health care expenditures. In Germany, the current introduction of the Arthroplasty Register acts as a prototype for various medical device registers. However, participation is voluntary for hospitals in most countries, leading to problems with nonadoption.

Purpose:

Implementing successful registers requires adoption by most relevant hospitals. Therefore, we assess variables influencing medical device register adoption.

Methodology:

We collect longitudinal data from 343 hospitals that are potential adopters of the German Arthroplasty Register in two surveys. The first survey on the implementation process is conducted in 2014; the second survey is conducted in 2016 to collect data on actual adoption of the surveyed hospitals in 2014. The survey data are matched with published hospital characteristics and administrative data. The hypotheses are tested with a mediated regression model, using partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings:

Hospital specialization positively affects adoption, directly and indirectly, depending on top management support and user involvement. Quality benefits and hospital size impact adoption positively; economic benefits impact adoption negatively.

Conclusion:

Important factors influencing adoption of medical device registers for the first time were revealed in this study, providing a starting point to influence adoption proactively and avoid nonadoption.

Practice Implications:

The results provide important guidelines for decision-makers at hospitals, registers, and health insurance companies and policy makers about how to foster register adoption and encourage hospitals toward adopting medical device registers.
Work–family culture within hospitals: An interdepartmental analysis of employee engagement and retention
Authors: Perrigino Matthew B. , Dunford Benjamin B. , Troup Matt , Boss R. Wayne , Boss David S.
Published: December 2017

Background:

Helping employees balance their work and family needs is increasingly pivotal for attracting, engaging, and retaining key talent in health care. Yet, emerging theory and anecdotal evidence suggest that, within organizations, there is considerable variation between departments or units regarding how employees’ lives outside work are supported. Despite top management’s efforts to develop a unified organizational work–family culture, departments have a tendency to take on their own culture, norms, and traditions such that some are more supportive than others.

Purpose:

We investigate whether more positive work–family cultures improve functioning within hospital departments.

Methodology/Approach:

We surveyed 680 hospital employees nested within 60 departments at a hospital located in the southeastern United States.

Results:

Departments with a more (vs. less) positive work–family culture tend to have higher levels of (a) employee engagement, (b) pride in their organization, (c) confidence in management and leadership, and (d) intention to remain with the organization. Our analyses were robust when splitting the sample between clinical (e.g., nurses and physicians) and nonclinical (e.g., office, clerical, and support services) roles.

Conclusion:

Our study sheds further light on the importance of a positive work–family culture within hospitals. The key to instilling a positive, organization-wide work–family culture may be through a department-by-department focus.

Practice Implications:

Benefits of positive work–family cultures within departments can extend beyond job-related attitudes and can potentially enhance recruitment strategies, improve a hospital’s external image to the public, and lead to improvements in patient care and more positive patient experiences.
Role of reinnervation in the management of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury: current state and advances
Authors: Fancello Virginia , Nouraei S.A. Reza , Heathcote Kate J.
Published: December 2017

Purpose of review

To present the current state of knowledge concerning different laryngeal reinnervation procedures for unilateral and bilateral vocal palsy.

Recent findings

Recent reports show positive outcomes on both unilateral and bilateral reinnervations. The phrenic nerve is the most commonly used donor for bilateral vocal palsy, but use of the superior laryngeal nerve has also been suggested.

Reinnervation of the larynx is a complex undertaking that can be performed by ENT surgeons with skills in microsurgery. Advances in this this field represent a paradigm shift in laryngeal rehabilitation and a prerequisite for laryngeal transplantation. Advances in basic understanding of nerve regeneration and in particular the need to surgically manage competitive reinnervation make the results of laryngeal reinnervation more predictable.
Opioid Use in Pregnancy, Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome, and Childhood Outcomes: Executive Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Academy of Pediatrics, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the March of Dimes Foundation
Authors: Reddy Uma M. , Davis Jonathan M. , Ren Zhaoxia , Greene Michael F.
Published: December 2017

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2017;130(1):10–28)

This article provides a summary of the “Opioid Use in Pregnancy, Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome, and Childhood Outcomes” workshop convened by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development on April 4 and 5, 2016, and cosponsored by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the March of Dimes. Expert speakers from diverse fields and workshop participants identified scientific opportunities to advance the understanding of opioid use disorders in pregnancy and to improve outcomes for affected women, their children, and their families.
Quality and Safety in Health Care, Part XXXVI
Authors: Harolds Jay A.
Published: December 2017

There have been numerous publications in the scientific literature based on data from the PINNACLE Registry. The current article includes PINNACLE studies on cardiology outpatients regarding anticoagulation therapy, the relationship between weight loss and atrial fibrillation, and the usefulness of the registry information for training cardiac fellows.
18F-FDG-PET/CT for the Visualization of Inflammatory Component of Radiation-Induced Lung Injury After Stereotactic Radiotherapy
Authors: Roengvoraphoj Olarn , Pazos-Escudero Montserrat , Eze Chukwuka , Dantes Maurice , Manapov Farkhad
Published: December 2017

Visualization and metabolic analysis of acute inflammation in the lung parenchyma plays a crucial role for the prediction and diagnosis of radiation-induced lung injury and is particularly important in medically inoperable patients because of a priori very limited pulmonary function. This case confirms that a radiation-induced lung injury is accompanied by acute inflammatory reaction in the lung parenchyma irradiated with a total dose of 12–40 Gy. This well-defined inflammation component could be exactly characterized with 18F-FDG-PET/CT.
Prognostic Value of 99mTc-Sestamibi Parathyroid Scintigraphy in Predicting Future Surgical Eligibility in Patients With Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Cheng Zhaoting , Zou Sijuan , Peng Dan , Zhang Guopeng , Zhu Xiaohua
Published: December 2017

Purpose

Patients with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism might have a positive 99mTc-sestamibi parathyroid but do not meet criteria for surgical resection when the disease is diagnosed. However, many of these asymptomatic patients will become symptomatic or meet criteria for surgery later on. The aim of this study was to determine whether a positive sestamibi scan can precede future surgical eligibility in these patients.

Methods

This retrospective study reviewed the records of 94 asymptomatic patients who had hyperparathyroidism and underwent 99mTc-sestamibi study with SPECT/CT imaging. Among them, 35 patients, including 12 with positive and 23 with negative sestamibi parathyroid scan, did not meet the criteria for surgery at the time of imaging, and follow-up record for at least 1 year was assessed on these patients. The imaging findings and the eligibility for surgery at the end of the follow-up were compared.

Results

With a median follow-up of 2.4 years (range, 1–4 years), among all 35 patients who were initially not eligible for surgery, 6 of 12 patients with a positive sestamibi scan became eligible for surgery, whereas 20 of 23 patients with negative scans remained ineligible for surgery.

Conclusions

Positive parathyroid SPECT/CT predicted a higher possibility of meeting surgical criteria over time in asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism patients who are not surgery eligible at the time of presentation.
Use of open and endovascular surgical techniques to manage vascular injuries in the trauma setting: A review of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma PROspective Observational Vascular Injury Trial registry
Authors: Faulconer Edwin R. , Branco Bernardino C. , Loja Melissa N. , Grayson Kevin , Sampson James , Fabian Timothy C. , Holcomb John B. , Scalea Thomas , Skarupa David , Inaba Kenji , Poulin Nathaniel , Rasmussen Todd E. , Dubose Joseph J.
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Vascular trauma data have been submitted to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma PROspective Observational Vascular Injury Trial (PROOVIT) database since 2013. We present data to describe current use of endovascular surgery in vascular trauma.

METHODS

Registry data from March 2013 to December 2016 were reviewed. All trauma patients who had an injury to a named artery, except the forearm and lower leg, were included. Arteries were grouped into anatomic regions and by compressible and noncompressible region for analysis. This review focused on patients with noncompressible transection, partial transection, or flow-limiting defect injuries. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the relationships between study variables.

RESULTS

One thousand one hundred forty-three patients from 22 institutions were included. Median age was 32 years (interquartile range, 23–48) and 76% (n = 871) were male. Mechanisms of injury were 49% (n = 561) blunt, 41% (n = 464) penetrating, and 1.8% (n = 21) of mixed aetiology. Gunshot wounds accounted for 73% (n = 341) of all penetrating injuries. Endovascular techniques were used least often in limb trauma and most commonly in patients with blunt injuries to more than one region. Penetrating wounds to any region were preferentially treated with open surgery (74%, n = 341/459). The most common indication for endovascular treatment was blunt noncompressible torso injuries. These patients had higher Injury Severity Scores and longer associated hospital stays, but required less packed red blood cells, and had lower in hospital mortality than those treated with open surgery. On multivariate analysis, admission low hemoglobin concentration and abdominal injury were independent predictors of mortality.

CONCLUSION

Our review of PROOVIT registry data demonstrates a high utilization of endovascular therapy among severely injured blunt trauma patients primarily with noncompressible torso hemorrhage. This is associated with a decreased need for blood transfusion and improved survival despite longer length of stay.

Level of Evidence

Therapeutic/care management, level III.
Fully unsupervised online spike sorting based on an artificial spiking neural network
Authors: Bernert Marie , Yvert Blaise
Published: December 2017

Spike sorting is a crucial step of neural data processing widely used in neuroscience and neuroprosthetics. However, current methods remain not fully automatic and require heavy computations making them not embeddable in implantable devices. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel method based on an artificial spiking neural network designed to process neural data online and completely automatically. An input layer continuously encodes the data stream into artificial spike trains, which are then processed by two further layers to output artificial trains of spikes reproducing the real spiking activity present in the input signal. The proposed method can be adapted to process several channels simultaneously in the case of tetrode recordings. It outperforms two existing algorithms at low SNR and has the advantage to be compatible with neuromorphic computing and the perspective of being embedded in very low-power analog systems for future implantable devices serving neurorehabilitation applications.
RAB-35 and ARF-6 GTPases Mediate Engulfment and Clearance Following Linker Cell-Type Death
Authors: Kutscher Lena M. , Keil Wolfgang , Shaham Shai
Published: December 2017

Clearance of dying cells is essential for development and homeostasis. Conserved genes mediate apoptotic cell removal, but whether these genes also control non-apoptotic cell removal is a major open question.Linkercell-typedeath (LCD) is a prevalent non-apoptotic developmental cell death process with features conserved fromC. elegansto vertebrates. Using microfluidics-based long-term in vivo imaging, we show that unlike apoptotic cells, theC. eleganslinker cell, which dies by LCD, is competitively phagocytosed by two neighboring cells, resulting in cell splitting. Subsequent cell elimination does not require apoptotic engulfment genes. Rather, we find that RAB-35 GTPase is a key coordinator of competitive phagocytosis onset and linker cell degradation. RAB-35 binds CNT-1, an ARF-6 GTPase activating protein; removes ARF-6, a degradation inhibitor, from phagosome membranes; and recruits RAB-5 and RAB-7 GTPases for phagolysosome maturation. We propose that RAB-35 and ARF-6 drive an evolutionarily conserved program eliminating cells dying by LCD.
YAP repression of the WNT3 gene controls hESC differentiation along the cardiac mesoderm lineage
Authors: Estarás Conchi , Hsu Hui-Ting , Huang Ling , Jones Katherine A.
Published: December 2017

Activin/SMAD signaling in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) ensures NANOG expression and stem cell pluripotency. In the presence of Wnt ligand, the Activin/SMAD transcription network switches to cooperate with Wnt/β-catenin and induce mesendodermal (ME) differentiation genes. We show here that the Hippo effector YAP binds to the WNT3 gene enhancer and prevents the gene from being induced by Activin in proliferating hESCs. ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation [ChIP] combined with high-throughput sequencing) data show that YAP impairs SMAD recruitment and the accumulation of P-TEFb-associated RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) C-terminal domain (CTD)-Ser7 phosphorylation at the WNT3 gene. CRISPR/CAS9 knockout of YAP in hESCs enables Activin to induce Wnt3 expression and stabilize β-catenin, which then synergizes with Activin-induced SMADs to activate a subset of ME genes that is required to form cardiac mesoderm. Interestingly, exposure of YAP−/− hESCs to Activin induces cardiac mesoderm markers (BAF60c and HAND1) without activating Wnt-dependent cardiac inhibitor genes (CDX2 and MSX1). Moreover, canonical Wnt target genes are up-regulated only modestly, if at all, under these conditions. Consequently, YAP-null hESCs exposed to Activin differentiate precisely into beating cardiomyocytes without further treatment. We conclude that YAP maintains hESC pluripotency by preventing WNT3 expression in response to Activin, thereby blocking a direct route to embryonic cardiac mesoderm formation.
PhotonDiag2017 workshop: introductory overview
Authors: Cocco Daniele , Moeller Stefan , Ploenjes Elke , Zangrando Marco
Published: December 2017

This issue of the Journal of Synchrotron Radiation is a special issue including papers from the PhotonDiag2017 workshop. Here, a brief introduction is given.
Multislice imaging of integrated circuits by precession X-ray ptychography
Authors: Shimomura Kei , Hirose Makoto , Takahashi Yukio
Published: December 2017

A method for nondestructively visualizing multisection nanostructures of integrated circuits by X-ray ptychography with a multislice approach is proposed. In this study, tilt-series ptychographic diffraction data sets of a two-layered circuit with a ∼1.4 µm gap at nine incident angles are collected in a wideQrange and then artifact-reduced phase images of each layer are successfully reconstructed at ∼10 nm resolution. The present method has great potential for the three-dimensional observation of flat specimens with thickness on the order of 100 µm, such as three-dimensional stacked integrated circuits based on through-silicon vias, without laborious sample preparation.
A note on “a multi-objective programming approach to solve grey linear programming”
Authors: Mahmoudi Amin , Feylizadeh Mohammad Reza , Darvishi Davood
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the shortcomings and problems associated with the method proposed by Razavi Hajiagha et al. (2012).

Design/methodology/approach

A multi-objective approach is proposed to solve the grey linear programming problems. In this method, the grey linear problem is converted into a multi-objective problem and then solved.

Findings

According to the numerical example presented in the study by Razavi Hajiagha et al. (2012), this method does not have a correct solution because the solution does not satisfy the constraints and the upper bounds of the variables are equal or less than their lower bound.

Originality/value

In recent years, various methods have been proposed for solving grey linear programming problems. Razavi Hajiagha et al. (2012) proposed a multi-objective approach to solve grey linear programming problems, but this method does not have a correct solution and using this method in other researches studies can reduce the value of the grey system theory.