bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PPARG agonist pioglitazone influences diurnal kidney medulla mRNA expression of core clock, inflammation‐, and metabolism‐related genes disrupted by reverse feeding in mice
Authors: Izmailova Olga , Kabaliei Alina , Shynkevych Viktoriya , Shlykova Oksana , Kaidashev Igor
Published: December 2022

This study examined the influence of PPARG activation by pioglitazone (PG) on the mRNA of core clock, inflammation‐ and metabolism‐related genes in the mouse kidney medulla as well as urinary sodium/potassium excretion rhythms disrupted by reverse feeding. Mice were assigned to daytime feeding and nighttime feeding groups. PG 20 mg/kg was administered at 7 am or 7 pm. On day 8 of the feeding intervention, mice were killed at noon and midnight. Kidney medulla expression of Arntl, Clock, Nr1d1, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, Per2, Nfe2l2, Pparg, and Scnn1g was determined by qRT PCR. We measured urinary K+, Na+, urine volume, food, and H2O intake. The reverse feeding uncoupled the peripheral clock gene rhythm in mouse kidney tissues. It was accompanied by a decreased expression of Nfe2l2 and Pparg as well as an increased expression of Rela and Scnn1g. These changes in gene expressions concurred with an increase in urinary Na+, K+, water excretion, microcirculation disorders, and cell loss, especially in distal tubules. PG induced the restoration of diurnal core clock gene expression as well as Nfe2l2, Pparg, Scnn1g mRNA, and decreased Rela expressions, stimulating Na+ reabsorption and inhibiting K+ excretion. PG intake at 7 pm was more effective than at 7 am.
Implications of legalizing artisanal chainsaw milling on social welfare, income distribution and the economic performance of sawyers in Cameroon
Authors: Folefack A.J. Jaza , Darr D.
Published: December 2022

Cameroon has been at the centre of global concerns about illegal timber logging for several decades, much of which has been driven by the informal timber sector. Hence, this study was conducted with the objectives to assess the benefits gained by different sawyer categories undertaking
illegal timber logging and compare them to simulated legal benefits in order to envisage solutions to legalize the activity. Our results indicate that in spite of its supplementary tax expenses, legal timber logging would lead to higher net profit, profit margin, value added, social welfare
and a lower Gini coefficient because the legally produced timber avoids the payment of bribes, is sold at higher prices, induces higher labour productivity and positive externalities from safeguarded forests. Hence, the full enforcement of the provisions of the 1994 Forestry Law to legalize
artisanal chainsaw milling activities in Cameroon is recommended.
Climate change effects, adaptation and community-based forest management in the mid-hills of Tanahu and Kaski districts, Nepal
Authors: Karki G. , Kunwar R. , Bhatta B. , Devkota N. Raj
Published: December 2022

In order to appraise climate change effects and adaptation practices in the forestry sector in Nepal, community forests in Tanahu and Kaski districts, representing tropical and temperate bioclimates respectively, were studied through a literature review, field observation, questionnaire
survey and key informant interviews. Although it is clear that climate change is resulting in warmer temperatures, more erratic rainfall, deeper and more prolonged droughts, pervasive landslides and frequent floods and forest-fires, the effects are varied at the district level. The community
forests of Tanahu are less resilient as they have limited elevational and bioclimatic range, and forest plant species and habitats, and are vulnerable to forest fire and overgrazing, whereas that of Kaski district cover a wide range of altitude and bioclimate, harboring a diverse range of
plant species, habitats and traditional culture and, consequently, are highlighted for conservation by the forest authority. In order to make community forestry more resilient, embracing local adaptation is suggested with the aim of enhancing traditional forest management practices, lessening
climate change hazards and increasing conservation trade-offs through strengthening the ownership of local communities and improving the circularity of forest service generation and consumption.
DARS-AS1 modulates cell proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells by regulating miR-330-3p/NAT10 axis
Authors: Du Chunjuan , Han Xia , Zhang Yanyan , Guo Fengli , Yuan Haibin , Wang Feng , Li Mianli , Ning Fangling , Wang Weibo
Published: December 2022

The long noncoding RNA DARS-AS1 was aberrantly expressed and participated in several human cancer progressions, whereas whether DARS-AS1 is involved in human gastric cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of DARS-AS1 on gastric cancer progression and explore the potential regulatory network of DARS-AS1/miR-330-3p/NAT10. The expression levels of DARS-AS1, miR-330-3p, and NAT10 were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay were used to determine the cell viability, migration, and invasion capacities, respectively. The target association between miR-330-3p and DARS-AS1 or NAT10 was confirmed using a luciferase reporter assay. In result, DARS-AS1 levels were elevated in tumor tissues and associated with shorter overall survival in patients with gastric cancer. Knockdown of DARS-AS1 could hamper cell viability, migration, and invasion in gastric cancer cells. DARS-AS1 acts as a competitive endogenous RNA to regulate the NAT10 expression by sponging miR-330-3p in gastric cancer cells. In conclusion, DARS-AS1 was elevated in gastric cancer, and DARS-AS1/miR-330-3p/NAT10 signaling offered some new horizons for predicting prognosis and a novel therapeutic method for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Advancements in On-Site Oil Analysis Using Industry 4.0 Techniques
Authors: Williams Lisa , Price Randi
Published: December 2022

Advancements of on-site tools have brought oil analysis into the hands of reliability professionals and mechanics. Simple analytical tools and software enable engineers to make maintenance decisions more quickly and with confidence. Wear, physical properties, and contaminants can easily be detected using viscometers, infrared (IR) spectrometers, and wear particle analyzers. More specifically, in addition to the routinely trended IR parameters, advances in handheld IR technology now allow for trending of biodiesel fuel dilution, fluid integrity, and moisture content in greases. These advanced features allow users to flag fluid mix-ups or quickly detect whether contamination is present. With the large amount of data now being gathered on site, effectively managing these data has become increasingly important for on-site reliability professionals responsible for data application. To ensure high-quality reporting, enhanced software techniques are available utilizing the latest in Industry 4.0 techniques, enterprise tools, and prognostics features to establish trends, set alarm limits, and use machine learning to evaluate data.
Lubricant Condition Monitoring by Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Sosnovski Oleg , Vieira Marianna , Suresh Pooja , Hobbs Matthew G.
Published: December 2022

Varnish is produced by oxidative lubricant breakdown, and its detrimental impact on the performance and reliability of critical industrial systems is well established. Indeed, varnish leads to numerous problems, including filter plugging, restricted flow, poor heat transfer, valve sticking, and of particular impact in gas turbine applications, costly unit trips. For this reason, industrial lubricants contain antioxidant additives to protect their base oils from oxidation and the concomitant formation of harmful varnish deposits. Depleted antioxidant additive levels are among the turbine oil-replacement criteria outlined by ASTM D4378. Antioxidant levels are currently monitored directly and indirectly by ASTM D6971 and ASTM D2272, respectively. However, these techniques require expensive laboratory equipment, sample preparation, consumables, and operation by trained personnel. Moreover, linear sweep voltammetry is a relative measurement that requires antioxidants to be efficiently extracted from lubricant samples; in cases in which these additives are not fully extracted into the measurement solution, dubious results may be obtained. This paper discusses the development and application of an alternative technique using fluorescence spectroscopy that allows for more efficient, direct, and repeatable monitoring of antioxidant additive levels. Initially, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy was used to identify spectral regions of interest corresponding to remaining and spent antioxidants. The spectra obtained in these regions were shown to correlate with the breakdown of most commercially available turbine lubricants under lab conditions. Several hundred in-service turbine oil samples were also measured and used to develop “condition indicators” that can alert end users to impending oil-related problems. Critically, fluorescence spectroscopy is well suited to real-time, on-line monitoring of antioxidant levels and oil condition. The use of an on-line fluorescence-based sensor would allow end users to make better and more timely maintenance decisions than is possible using existing lab-based techniques.
Use of a High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig as a Condition Monitoring Tool to Measure Lubricity
Authors: Shah Raj , Colantuoni Vincent , Huq Nabill
Published: December 2022

The term “lubricity” is used to assess a fuel's ability to reduce the friction between contact surfaces under applied loads. Furthermore, the reduction of sulfur (a natural lubricating agent) in diesel fuel oil by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency makes it necessary to treat these fuels with lubricity enhancement agents and to monitor their effect. Without these additives, fuels would induce wear on a wide range of moving parts in the fuel injection system (pumps, injectors, etc.). As a result, it is important to quantify the lubricating properties of fuels and to monitor the effects of blend stocks and additives on fuels. Due to the compositional changes of fuels and the need to introduce lubricity improvement agents into fuels, ASTM D6079 has proven to be a robust and reliable test method to measure and monitor the lubricity of diesel fuel. This paper discusses ASTM D6079 and the lubricity requirements per ASTM D975. This paper also investigates recent advancements made involving HFRR instrumentation when used as a lubricity condition monitoring tool and evaluates the accuracy of these instruments through testing with standardized reference fluids.
Functional Criteria for Condition Monitoring Using Tribological Quantities
Authors: Woydt M. , Schneider A. , Novotny-Farkas F.
Published: December 2022

Conditioning monitoring of lubricants in operation usually considers different physical and chemical quantities but not functional properties. The identification of the induction time or offset point (“cliff” or “jumping-off point”), after which wear and friction will increase, and thus improve the reliability of judgments and extend the service life on a knowledge-based decision. Tribological quantities are therefore combined with analytical sciences (analysis, viscometrics, degradation, and water and fuel dilution). This approach is not limited to condition monitoring but can also be applied to oil development. The origins of the increase in friction and wear or the failure in bench or full-scale tests can be derived from SRV® testing of oil samples taken at different engine test times and correlating these with their friction, wear, and extreme pressure data in respect to depletion curves for specific additives or other oil properties. A root-cause analysis is enabled by plotting tribological SRV data versus oil properties. This methodology supports the interpretation of engine tests as an auxiliary method because it enhances the value of expensive engine tests.
Modernizing ASTM D2272 (RPVOT) Criteria for Long Service Life Duration Oils
Authors: Johnson Bryan , Bucci John , Engel Eugen , VanBergen William , Miiller Greg
Published: December 2022

Turbine and other large machines require lubrication where considerable volumes of oil remain in service for numerous years between replacements. The service life for these applications is primarily influenced by oxidation stability and the residues that this degradation creates. Oxidation stability is one of the most critical factors used in assessing the performance of fresh and in-service oils. A primary condition monitoring test method utilized to measure the oil oxidative stability is the rotating pressure vessel oxidation test (RPVOT), which is described in ASTM D2272. The oxidative resistance of modern turbine oils has increased dramatically over the last 50 years. Advances in lubrication technologies such as improved base oil formulations, additive synergy and synthetic oils have extended RPVOT test times from less than 300 min to over 3,000 min. This has caused extended testing runtime that exceeds the original intent of the method and the long test durations have potentially introduced errors that affect the accuracy and predictive capability of the test. As a result, the ability to properly trend and assess the relative oxidative health of the oil may be compromised. The D2272 Test Method was examined using alternative reporting criteria expected to improve test precision and provide a more accurate assessment of a lubricants condition. Reporting criteria based upon the true induction point and pressure drop at a specified time were examined. Efficacy of using pressure loss from the test maximum at 1,400 minutes for condition monitoring purposes was evaluated and holds promise. These changes would be expected to improve accuracy for full induction tests or lead to laboratory cost savings in that tests can be terminated earlier and without an induction occurring; effectively increasing laboratory throughput and provide the end user with more informative data that is more befitting for long life oils in use today.
Scores
Authors: Mills Mara , Alexander Neta
Published: December 2022

A prominent voice in the New Disability Arts movement, Carolyn Lazard is a multidisciplinary artist rethinking captioning and other access techniques as tools for composition. Reading several of Lazard’s works and collaborations, this essay theorizes the style of captions that functions as “scores”—open-ended scripts inviting audience members to activate the work, their bodies, and each other. As performance scores, these captions instruct or otherwise engage with readers/audiences, requesting their participation in the artmaking process. Lazard’s use of “scores” in works such as A Recipe for Disaster (2018), CRIP TIME (2018), and Notes from a Panorama (2021) carefully centers Black and brown, chronically ill, and other marginalized communities. As such, it uncovers the repetitive care labor of spectatorship as a form of survival.
A Survey on Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)
Authors: Bakni Michael , Hanbo Sandra
Published: December 2022

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is an internetwork protocol that is active at the internet layer according to the TCP/IP model, it was developed in 1981 within a project managed by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. In the following years, the use of IPv4 grew to dominate data networks around the world, becoming the backbone of the modern Internet. In this survey, we highlight the operation of the protocol, explain its header structure, and show how it provides the following functions: Quality of service control, host addressing, data packet fragmentation and reassembly, connection multiplexing, and source routing. Furthermore, we handle both address-related and fragmentation-related implementation problems, focusing on the IPv4 address space exhaustion and explaining the short and long terms proposed solutions. Finally, this survey highlights several auxiliary protocols that provide solutions to IPV, namely address resolution, error reporting, multicast management, and security.
Effect of steam explosion on the structural modification of rice straw for enhanced biodegradation and biogas production
Authors: Lotfi Aski Abolfazl , Borghei Alimohammad , Zenouzi Ali , Ashrafi Nariman , Taherzadeh Mohammad J.
Published: December 2022

The goal of this study was to develop an operational steam explosion pretreatment for effective modification of rice straw chemical structure in order to improve its biodegradability and methane yield. The parameters of pressure (5 bar to 15 bar), moisture (0% to 70%), and time (1 min to 15 min) were studied in steam explosion pretreatment. The steam explosion efficiency was investigated according to the changes in crystallinity structure and chemical composition on rice straw, as well as the methane yield from straw. Steam explosion changed the structure linkages between the lignin and carbohydrate, which was indicated by a reduction in the peak intensities in the bonds from 1648 cm-1 to 1516 cm-1. After pretreatment, the crystallinity index of the rice straw in the 10 bar-10 min cycle with no moisture and 15 bar-10 min cycle with 70% moisture increased from 22.9% to 28.3% and 28.6%, respectively. Steam explosion efficiently decreased the lignin. The highest reduction in the amount of lignin was observed with the 10 bar-10 min cycle, which reached from 18.6% to 13.0%. The methane yield increased with the cycles 10 bar-10 min and 15 bar-15 min with 35% moisture, and 15 bar-10 min with 70% moisture by 113%, 104%, and 147% compared to that of the untreated straw, respectively. Moreover, the highest biodegradation percent of the rice straw was obtained in these cycles.
Effect of pretreatment on the structure and properties of nanofibrillated cellulose from soybean residues
Authors: Li Peiyi , Wang Yumeng , Hou Qingqing , Liu Hezhen , Liang Chen , Li Xinping
Published: December 2022

Soybean residues were pretreated with 6% of HCl and NaOH, respectively, and then nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was prepared using the high pressure homogenization method. The effects of different pretreatment methods on the structure, properties, and NFC preparation of soybean residues were studied. Analysis of the X-ray diffraction, specific surface area, porosity, and thermal stability showed that pre-treatment of the soybean residues allowed the basic crystallinity to be maintained. Specific surface area, porosity, and thermal stability increased. Acid treatment led to the greatest increases. The soybean residues were treated with 6% hydrochloric acid at 80 °C for 1 h, and homogenized 15 times under a pressure of 60 MPa to obtain NFC.
Improved reactivity and derivatization of cellulose after pre-hydrolysis with commercial enzymes
Authors: Willberg-Keyriläinen Pia , Ropponen Jarmo , Lahtinen Manu , Pere Jaakko
Published: December 2022

Reactivity is an important parameter when considering the chemical modification or dissolution of cellulose. Different pretreatment methods affect cellulose reactivity by decreasing its degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity. In this study, the molar mass of cellulose was decreased via enzymatic pretreatment. Three commercial endoglucanase-rich products were tested. The target was to reduce the viscosity of the pulp to below 200 mL/g and, thus, increase the reactivity of the cellulose. For comparison, cellulose was also pretreated with ozone, and the effects of each pretreatment method on crystallinity and monosaccharide composition of the resulting pulps were investigated. Both enzymatically treated and ozone-treated pulps were esterified using homogeneous and heterogeneous methods, and the degrees of substitution for these treated pulps were much higher than the esters when the untreated pulp was used. Cellulose esters from the pretreated pulps formed films with good mechanical properties by solvent casting.
Surface and dynamic viscoelastic properties of cork from Quercus variabilis
Authors: Li Jingjing , Bi Junjie , Song Xiaozhou , Qu Wencheng , Lu Dongmei
Published: December 2022

Surface and dynamic viscoelastic properties of the reproduction cork from Quercus variabilis were studied in detail. There were 16 chemical elements in the Q. variabilis cork determined by the energy dispersive spectrometric (EDS) spectrum, and the contents of C and O were the highest. The mean colorimetric parameters L*, a*, and b* were 60.8, 14.0, and 30.6, respectively. The surface contact angles of Quercus variabilis cork were measured using an automatic contact angle meter. Three different types of liquid media (distilled water, formamide, and diiodomethane) were respectively dropped on the surface of corks using a microsyringe. The initial contact angles of water, formamide, and diiodomethane on the cork surface were 112.0°, 85.1°, and 75.2°, and the corresponding values decreased to 102.1°, 30.7°, and 72.1° when the liquids permeated the cork surface for 10 s. The moisture content values were 4.3%, 6.0%, and 9.0% when the dry cork samples were placed in the relative humidity conditions of 45%, 65%, and 85%, respectively, for 30 days. FT-IR spectra indicated the content of suberin in the sclereids and lenticels was much less than the content found in the pure corks. In the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) spectrum, three obvious relaxation processes could be observed in the tan δ curve.
Mild physical and chemical pretreatments to enhance biomass enzymatic saccharification and bioethanol production from Erianthus arundinaceus
Authors: Li Ao , Yang Qiaomei , Li Yu , Zhou Shiguang , Huang Jiangfeng , Hu Meng , Tu Yuanyuan , Hao Bo , Peng Liangcai , Xia Tao
Published: December 2022

Diverse cell wall compositions were subjected to pretreatment and saccharification to produce bioethanol from 20 Erianthus arundinaceus accessions. Using four typical pairs of biomass samples, various physical and chemical pretreatments were employed to extract cell wall polymers. Mild chemical pretreatment (2% NaOH and 50 °C) yielded complete biomass saccharification, whereas the liquid hot water pretreatment achieved the highest bioethanol yield with a full sugar-ethanol conversion rate. Notably, the extraction of the lignin p-coumaryl alcohol (H) monomer greatly enhanced biomass saccharification, which may be attributed either to the improved accessibility of cellulose to enzymes after effective removal of lignin or to the maintained native cellulose microfibrils from the relatively less co-extraction of hemicellulose. Hence, the results suggested that the H-monomer-rich lignin may slightly associate with cell wall networks for greatly enhanced lignocellulose enzymatic hydrolysis after mild pretreatments. The present findings provide a strategy for both cost-effective biomass process technology and precise lignocellulose modification for bioenergy.
Wood and lumber properties of Larix gmelinii var. olgensis planted in Japan
Authors: Ishiguri Futoshi , Iki Taiichi , Otsuka Kouhei , Takahashi Yusuke , Nezu Ikumi , Tumenjargal Bayasaa , Ohshima Jyunichi , Yokota Shinso
Published: December 2022

In order to promote plantation establishment of Larix gmelinii var. olgensis (syn. L. olgensis A. Henry), a ‘near threatened’ species, the wood and lumber properties were preliminary investigated for five trees from two clones of 57-year-old trees planted in Japan. The mean value of dynamic Young’s modulus of logs was 10.16 GPa. The mean values of annual ring width, latewood percentage, basic density, MOE, and MOR of five sample trees were 2.1 mm, 29.3%, 0.47 g•cm-3, 8.06 GPa, and 60.4 MPa, respectively. In addition, the MOE and MOR of 2 by 4 lumber were 10.43 GPa and 42.4 MPa, respectively. These values were similar to those obtained from other Larix species. Thus, construction lumber could be produced from the wood from plantation grown L. gmelinii var. olgensis.
A comparative study of the effects of chemical crosslinking agents on NBSK handsheet properties
Authors: Korpela Antti , Tanaka Atsushi , King Alistair W. T.
Published: December 2022

Chemical crosslinking is an established method for improving the wet performance of paper. In the chemical crosslinking process, covalent bonds are formed between cellulosic surfaces. The formed intra- and inter-fiber bonds increase the paper’s wet strength and reduce its water absorptivity. The majority of published studies concern crosslinking treatments with glyoxal, citric acid (CA), or with 1,2,3,4-butanetetra-carboxylic acid (BTCA). The most severe disadvantage of the crosslinking treatments with glyoxal, CA, and BTCA is that the formed crosslinks make the fibers and the paper more brittle. This downside effect has largely impeded the utilization of crosslinking in paper and paperboard making. In the present study, handsheets made from Nordic bleached softwood kraft pulp (NBSK) were crosslinked with methylated 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (mDMDHEU), which is commonly used in cotton fabric finishing. Similar to using glyoxal and citric acid, crosslinking with mDMDHEU notably increased the handsheet wet strength and decreased the water absorption. Compared to the use of glyoxal or CA, the crosslinking with mDMDHEU did not make the handsheets that brittle. These results suggest that mDMDHEU could be a more viable crosslinking agent for improving the wet performance of paper products.
La relación organización- entorno: Los aportes desde la ontología y la economía evolutiva de Kurt Dopfer
Authors: Castro-Ríos Guido Angello , Noguera Hidalgo Ángela Lucía
Published: December 2022

El artículo propone una perspectiva conceptual para la compresión de la relación organización-entorno (O-E), desde el marco evolutivo. La revisión acude a perspectivas de estudio relacionadas con este campo. La teoría evolutiva es utilizada como marco para la comprensión del comportamiento de los sistemas sociales. El trabajo referencia el marco ontológico evolutivo planteado por el economista evolutivo Kurt Dopfer, que entiende a la organización como un sistema de reglas. Finalmente, se establece la discusión sobre las contribuciones que se lograrían desde la perspectiva teórica propuesta, en el estudio del comportamiento organizacional, especialmente, comprendiendo a la organización como un sistema de actividades desarrolladas en ambientes cambiantes, en los que es posible la adaptación.
Características clínico-epidemiológicas de leishmaniasis visceral canina en un área endémica de Paraguay
Authors: Gonzalez Britez Nilsa Elizabeth , Boy Britos Lidia Graciela , Benitez Sheila Romina , Ferreira Coronel María Concepción , Ortiz Rolón Analía Concepción , Estigarribia Sanabria Gladys Mercedes , Ruoti de García de Zúñiga María Mónica
Published: December 2022

Objetivo Describir las características clínico-epidemiológicas asociadas a la transmisión de leishmaniosis visceral canina en un área endémica del departamento de Caaguazú, Paraguay.
Materiales y Métodos El estudio fue descriptivo observacional, de corte transversal. Se evaluaron 324 caninos seleccionados de 110 viviendas. Se realizó el examen clínico; se obtuvo aspirado de ganglio para el examen directo y muestra de sangre para la posterior detección de anticuerpos anti-Leishmania revelados en tiras inmunocromatográfias.
Resultados El 4,9% de la población canina dio positivo con antígeno recombinante rK39. Por la técnica de tinción con Giemsa, se obtuvo 4,3% de canes positivos, de los cuales 37,5% presentaron signos clínicos evidentes. Los signos más frecuentes encontrados en los perros infectados fueron adelgazamiento, onicogrifosis y alopecia (25%). La seroprevalencia fue mayor en perros entre 2 y 4 años de raza mestiza.
Conclusiones Los signos clínicos presentes confirmaron la infección parasitaria y el hallazgo indica el rol de los caninos en la epidemiologia de la leishmaniosis en Caaguazú, así como el riesgo que representan para la transmisión. Los resultados obtenidos podrían ayudar a formular un sistema de monitoreo y contribuir con la vigilancia de la leishmaniosis canina en la zona.
Síndrome de burnout em docentes universitários dos cursos de saúde
Authors: Oliveira Henry Johnson Passos de , Silva Victor Manoel Pereira da , Silva Raphael Alves da , Vasconcelos Selene Cordeiro , Oliveira Maria de Jesus Gabriela da Silva , Inácio Antônio Sávio , Lima Murilo Duarte da Costa , Silva Felicialle Pereira da
Published: December 2022

Objetivo A síndrome de burnout é definida como um fenômeno psicossocial em resposta crônica aos estressores interpessoais no ambiente de trabalho. Avaliar a síndrome de burnout em docentes dos cursos da área de saúde.
Método Estudo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Para coleta de dados foi utilizado o Maslach Burnout Inventory, além de um questionário socioeconômico. Utilizou-se do teste exato de Fisher para verificar se existe associação entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e a presença de burnout.
Resultados Participaram do estudo 57 docentes, a maior parte do sexo feminino (n=39; 68,4%) e com tempo de atuação profissional acima de 10 anos (n=30; 52,6%). A maioria possui outro vinculo (n=43; 75,4%) e dedica mais de 40 horas semanais ao trabalho (n=35; 61,4%). A variável lazer apresentou-se estatisticamente significante em relação a ter ou não burnout evidenciando maior proporção de adoecimento entre os que referiram não sair a lazer. Observou-se percentuais elevados de exaustão emocional, despersonalização e baixa realização profissional revelando uma alta prevalência da síndrome de burnout entre os docentes.
Conclusão Esses achados merecem atenção para o acompanhamento dos fatores psicossociais e organizacionais do processo laboral que possam intervir na qualidade de vida e nas condições de saúde desse trabalhador.
Ocorrência simultânea de uso abusivo de álcool e alimentação não saudável em adultos
Authors: Pita Ruiz Ana Maria , De Assumpçã Daniela , Contrera-Avila Jaqueline , Carvalho Malta Deborah , Stolses Bergamo Francisco Priscila Maria
Published: December 2022

Objetivo Estimar a prevalência da coocorrência do uso abusivo de álcool e alimentação não saudável em adultos brasileiros e verificar sua relação com o consumo alimentar, segundo o sexo.
Métodos Estudo com dados do inquérito telefônico Vigitel, 2016. Considerou-se uso abusivo de álcool: ingestão ≥5 doses/homens e ≥4/mulheres em uma única ocasião, pelo menos uma vez no último mês. Alimentação não saudável foi caracterizada a partir de um indicador composto por oito alimentos. Foram usados os testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Wald, com nível de significância de 5%, e razões de chances ajustadas com regressão logística.
Resultados A coocorrência dos fatores de risco (24,7% vs. 10,0%) foi superior nos homens, nos indivíduos com melhor escolaridade, sem cônjuge, com plano de saúde, nas mulheres que se declararam pretas, e foi menor nos adultos (40-59 anos) e idosos. A coocorrência associou-se com menores chances de consumo de hortaliças cruas e cozidas, frutas, suco, leite e frango (≥5 dias/semana), e com maiores chances de consumo de carne vermelha, refrigerante (≥3 dias/semana) e carnes com excesso de gordura.
Conclusão Os resultados mostram os prejuízos da coocorrência do uso excessivo de álcool e alimentação inadequada sobre os padrões alimentares da população adulta.
Adherencia a la ruta de atención en salud materno-perinatal en una institución hospitalaria, Valledupar, Colombia
Authors: Rojas Rangel Jhony , Medina Riascos Claudia , Pinto Ortiz Geny , Escobar Díaz Fabio A.
Published: December 2022

Objetivo Evaluar la adherencia de médicos y enfermeros a la ruta integral de atención materno-perinatal (RMP) en el Hospital Eduardo Arredondo Daza (HEAD) de Valledupar, Colombia, 2021.
Materiales y Métodos Investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva y transversal. Se aplicó una encuesta virtual a los profesionales de la salud que desarrollan la RMP. Adicionalmente, se usó una lista de chequeo a 505 historias clínicas (HC), evaluadas mediante los criterios de Cumple (C), No Cumple (NC) y No Aplica (NA) y confrontadas con un formato diseñado previamente por el HEAD.
Resultados La encuesta fue respondida por los 12 profesionales de la salud a cargo de la RMP. Un 58,3% tienen dificultades en la implementación de la RMP, el 91,7% de ellos resalta la importancia de recibir capacitaciones y el 45,5% solicita que estas capacitaciones tengan una frecuencia de 2 veces al año; en la evaluación de las historias clínicas, la adherencia fue de 77%.
Discusión La adherencia por parte de los profesionales a la RMP es deficiente. Se requiere fortalecer el entrenamiento y la capacitación para mejorar la ejecución de la ruta.
Implementación de un programa de alimentación escolar en una institución educativa durante la pandemia, Bogotá, 2021
Authors: Vela Hernández Sandra Patricia , Quintero-Zabala Sandra P. , Peluffo-Arias Neyla P. , Escobar-Díaz Fabio A.
Published: December 2022

Objetivo El Programa de Alimentación Escolar (PAE) en Colombia brinda un complemento alimentario para niños y adolescentes vinculados al sistema educativo público; sin embargo, debido a la pandemia por COVID-19, este tuvo que modificar su modalidad de entrega. Este estudio tuvo como propósito describir las estrategias del Colegio CEDID Ciudad Bolívar al implementar el PAE durante la pandemia por COVID-19.
Métodos Diseño metodológico cualitativo basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes, estudiantes y padres de familias, pertenecientes a este colegio. La información fue analizada de acuerdo con un conjunto de categorías establecidas previamente.
Resultados Los participantes coinciden en que el traslado de los padres por pérdida de empleo y el no tener dispositivos tecnológicos, influye en la deserción escolar. Por otra parte, el colegio se acogió a la modalidad transitoria del PAE, entregando bonos redimibles por mercado; sin embargo, afirman que no todos lograron acceder a este por desconocimiento del trámite. Se resalta por los participantes que es una ayuda alimentaria, económica y que logra beneficiar a toda la familia, pero se evidencia el alto costo de los alimentos, el desabastecimiento y las dificultades a la hora de redimirlos.
Conclusiones A pesar de la pandemia, la institución ha hecho esfuerzos para adaptar el PAE a las circunstancias epidemiológicas a fin de enfrentar el riesgo de deserción escolar y garantizar el complemento alimentario para los estudiantes, siendo valorado por ellos y sus familias.
Proyección de brecha de especialistas en nefrología en Uruguay 2020-2050: aplicación de un modelo de dinámica de sistemas
Authors: Cavalleri Ferrari Fiorella , Buglioli Marisa , Silvariño Ricardo , Boggia José
Published: December 2022

Objetivo Estimar el equilibrio/desequilibrio entre la oferta y la necesidad de nefrólogos en Uruguay para el año 2020 así como la tendencia hacia el 2050. Métodos Se desarrolló un modelo de simulación, aplicando la metodología de dinámica de sistemas con dos componentes: el de oferta y el de necesidad. Se definió 2020 como el año base y un horizonte de proyección hasta 2050. Se comparó la oferta y la necesidad en el periodo de proyección para establecer la brecha tanto en términos absolutos como relativos. Resultados La proyección de brecha para todos los escenarios considerados es de superávit en la mayor parte del periodo analizado. Conclusiones El trabajo aporta insumos respecto de aquellos parámetros sobre los que se puede incidir y que afectan a la oferta de especialistas. El valor de las proyecciones radica en su utilidad para identificar la situación actual y las tendencias futuras a las que deben responder los responsables de la formulación de políticas.
Barreras en acceso a control preventivo en padres migrantes de infantes en Santiago, Chile, 2018
Authors: Méndez Andrea , Toffoletto Cecilia , Labra Patricio , Hidalgo Gonzalo , Pérez Sofía
Published: December 2022

Objetivo Identificar barreras en el acceso a control preventivo de la Atención Primaria en padres migrantes de lactantes y preescolares en Santiago, Chile, en el año 2018.
Métodos Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, en una muestra no probabilística de 108 padres migrantes de lactantes y preescolares entre 0-4 años, 11 meses, 29 días, que asisten a jardines infantiles de la comuna de Santiago, en quienes se autoaplicó un cuestionario en español y creole, diseñado y validado en contenido y traducción de forma piloto, previa autorización de Comité de Ética, entre julio y octubre de 2018. Se midieron variables de caracterización sociodemográfica, asistencia a control preventivo y barreras.
Resultados Un 7,8% de padres manifestó que su hijo no asistía a control, y 48,5% de los padres indicó que tenía dificultades para asistir. Las barreras para asistir a control fueron en un 63% horario y tiempos de espera, en un 39,8% desconocimiento del funcionamiento del sistema y en un 11,1% transporte.
Conclusiones Son necesarias estrategias para mejorar el acceso a salud con una mirada desde los determinantes sociales de la salud.
Recursos y vulnerabilidades de comunidades migrantes en Chile para enfrentar la pandemia SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Cabieses Báltica , Obach Alexandra , Blukacz Alice , Carreño Alejandra , Pérez Claudia , Vicuña José Tomás , Stefoni Carolina , Avaria Andrea
Published: December 2022

Objetivo Conocer, en contexto de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2, las vulnerabilidades psicosociales y socioeconómicas de la población migrante internacional en Chile y los recursos y capitales sociales reportados desde la propia comunidad. Métodos Estudio cualitativo descriptivo. Se realizaron 40 entrevistas semiestructuradas a migrantes (N=30) e informantes claves (N=10), ejecutadas virtualmente durante el 2020. El material fue analizado mediante análisis temático. El proyecto fue aprobado por el Comitè de Ètica Científico de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad del Desarrollo. Resultados Como principales vulnerabilidades enfrentadas por parte de personas migrantes en pandemia se identifican: hacinamiento, precariedad laboral y necesidades económicas, uso del transporte público, desinformación y creencias en torno al COVID-19, discriminación, falta de redes de apoyo, y estatus migratorio. Como recursos se reconocen: contar con redes de apoyo, posibilidad de teletrabajo o salir a trabajar, acceso a información y a la red asistencial y municipal, apoyo gubernamental y de la sociedad civil. Adicionalmente, se reportan experiencias de diagnóstico de COVID-19, identificando dificultades en acceso a PCR y adaptaciones familiares y laborales como cambios en los hábitos de vida dentro y fuera del hogar. Discusión El estudio entrega información relevante e inédita para la construcción de políticas en salud para migrantes internacionales con foco en crisis sanitarias. Se destaca la necesidad de fortalecer adecuaciones interculturales en las estrategias de prevención del contagio y de promoción de la salud y aumentar la disponibilidad de respuesta en el acceso a salud en el marco de la pandemia, mitigando así la vulnerabilidad social en migrantes y potenciando sus recursos de afrontamiento.
The population aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic in 20 papers: an introduction
Authors: Di Giulio Paola , Goujon Anne , Marois Guillaume
Published: December 2022

The introduction to the 2022 Special Issue presents the 20 articles that discuss the demographic aspects and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. It synthesises the main findings from the contributions, emphasising the demographic, social and economic characteristics that influenced the spread of infections and determined the number of deaths. We highlight the specific focus on measurement issues, often with a comparative framework across several countries, and at the regional level as well, both within and beyond Europe. We also summarise the impact of the measures imposed to contain the spread of the virus, such as lockdowns. Moreover, we explore the impact of the pandemic on the quality of relationships, the intention and the motivation to have children, and realised fertility. In addition, we present the authors’ broader reflections on the risks faced by different communities of individuals, and the potential consequences for their life trajectories, including in relation to other current risks that overlap with the pandemic (recent armed conflicts), and for the achievability of the Sustainable Development Goals themselves.
Developing a local supply chain network: The case of Magyar Suzuki in Hungary
Authors: Natsuda Kaoru , Sass Magdolna , Csonka László
Published: December 2022

This study examines the role of Magyar Suzuki in the Hungarian automotive industry. It is the oldest foreign vehicle manufacturer and a symbol of modernisation in the post-communist era in Hungary. Due to EU's local content rule, Magyar Suzuki, in comparison with its counterparts in the region, has established a locally embedded supply chain network. Magyar Suzuki has facilitated process and product upgrading of the local suppliers in Hungary. Nevertheless, functional upgrading is relatively limited due to automotive multinational corporations' recognition of Hungary as a low-cost production location, a low level of R&D operation, and a small domestic market.
Látássérült nők anyaságélményei Magyarországon: a narratív identitás tematikus elemzése
Authors: Hankó Csilla , Lénárd Katalin , Bíró Boglárka , Pohárnok Melinda
Published: December 2022

Elméleti háttér: Az anyaság témakörét a fogyatékossággal kapcsolatban az eddigi kutatások két perspektívából közelítik meg. Az egyik egy szubjektív, az egyéni kiteljesedés szempontjából való megközelítés, a másik egy társadalmi nézeteket előnyben részesítő nézőpont, amely az emberi jogok oldaláról vizsgálja meg a gyermekvállalás témáját az érintettek körében. Célkitűzés: A tanulmány látássérült és látó nők anyasággal kapcsolatos tapasztalatait mutatja be azzal a céllal, hogy az egyéni identitás jellemzőit tárjuk fel az anyaságról alkotott egyéni reprezentációk szintjén látássérült anyák körében, fókuszálva a társadalmi hatások egyéni reprezentációkban való leképeződésére. Kutatásunkban két elméleti perspektívát – a narratív pszichológiát és a fogyatékosságtudományt – ötvözve vizsgáljuk az anyaság szubjektív értelmezését látássérült és látó nők körében. Módszerek: Kutatásunkban 20 látássérült és 21 látó anya vett részt. Az anyaság narratív pszichológiai megközelítésével félig strukturált interjúkat készítettünk személyesen, illetve telefonos úton. Az átírt interjúszövegeket tematikus elemzésnek vetettük alá, amelynek célja a látássérült és a látó anyák elbeszélésének összehasonlítása volt a tematikus kompozícióhoz. Az elemzés során a főtémákon belül altémákat határoztunk meg. Eredmények: Az anyaságértelmezéseket kilenc tematikus kategóriába, főtémába soroltuk, úgymint: (1) Érzelmek, (2) Folyamatosság, (3) Identitás, személyiség, szelfformálás, (4) Kapcsolat, kapcsolódás, (5) Nehézségek, (6) Partner, (7) Szerepek, (8) Fontos szülői elvek, (9) Hivatás, karrier. Kutatásunk az azonos és eltérő, vélhetően látássérültségre specifikus anyasággal kapcsolatos élményeket, tapasztalatokat kívánja bemutatni a látássérült és látó anyák körében. Míg néhány főtéma mentén azonosságok mutatkoztak meg a két csoportban, addig más témák mentén eltérések azonosíthatók az értelmezésben. Például mind a látássérült, mind a látó anyák körében megmutatkozott az anyaság egy új életcéllal való azonosítása. Eltérő volt azonban a szülői szereppel járó nehézségek értelmezése. A látássérült anyák körében nagyobb számban mutatkoztak meg a mindennapi élet során felmerülő nehézségek, kihívások, míg a látó anyák körében inkább a gyermek jövőjével kapcsolatban fogalmazódtak meg félelmek, kihívások. Következtetések: Tanulmányunkban látó és látássérült anyák anyasággal kapcsolatos tapasztalatait vizsgáltuk. Célunk az volt, hogy felhívjuk a figyelmet a sérültséggel élő anyák szociális inklúziójának fontosságára és kihívásaira.
A COVID–19-pandémia, halálszorongás és lelki egészség a terrormenedzsment-elmélet szemszögéből
Authors: Vona Gábor
Published: December 2022

A 2019 végén Kínából kiinduló, majd az egész világon szétterjedő COVID–19-járvány az emberiség meghatározó történelmi tapasztalata. Az emberek a koronavírussal háromféle formában találkoznak: a saját vagy a környezetükben történő megbetegedések által, a járványról szóló társadalmi diskurzus során és a különféle szigorítások, lezárások következményeként. Mindez pszichés terhet ró az emberekre, amelynek hatására kimutathatóan növekedik a halálszorongás és a mentális zavarok előfordulási gyakorisága. Jelen közlemény arra tesz kísérletet, hogy a pandémia pszichés hatásairól szóló tudományos kutatásokat a terrormenedzsment-elmélet (Terror Management Theory, TMT) szemszögéből mutassa be. A TMT központi gondolata, hogy az ember általános ősélménye a halálszorongás, amely egyfajta alapját képezi a lelki működésünknek, viselkedésünknek, egyúttal pszichés zavarainknak is. A halálszorongással szemben proximális és disztális formában védekezünk, megakadályozva, hogy annak növekedése komoly mentális zavarokat okozzon. Az elmélet rövid ismertetése után a TMT vizsgálati módszereivel készült legújabb kutatások és tanulmányok fényében bemutatásra kerül a koronavírus-járvány halálszorongásra és különféle pszichés zavarokra gyakorolt hatása. A pandémia a halálszorongás elleni mindkét megküzdési formát meggyengíti, amely a TMT égisze alatt végzett kutatások eredményei szerint nem csupán a halálszorongás közvetlen növekedéséért, de a különféle mentális zavarok erősödéséért is felelős. A pandémia és a mentális állapot pozitív irányú elmozdulásával kapcsolatban is születtek vizsgálati eredmények, ezek ismertetése után a tanulmányt egyes TMT-kutatók által megfogalmazott javaslatok zárják.
Constitutional identity, identities and constitutionalism in Europe
Authors: Allezard Laurianne
Published: December 2022

The notion of Constitutional Identity has attracted much scientific interest. However, it obscures, sometimes in a reductive manner, another legal reality: the existence of other identities, such as national, linguistic, and collective identities. Indeed, a reading of constitutions and constitutional court's decisions in Europe reveals a complex and evolving system of identities behind Constitutional Identity.

This paper argues that identity is not just a political argument but also a legal and normative one. From a constitutional law perspective, two main categories can be distinguished: a real identity existing prior to the constitutional norm, and a fictitious identity subsequent to the constitutional norm. These identities are interdependent and are linked to each other; the constitutional courts referring to Constitutional Identity in order to maintain this interweaving. Therefore, Constitutional Identity plays an argumentative function and, by determining the interpretation of constitutional norms and the meaning of constitutional concepts, it gives birth to different forms of constitutionalism in Europe.
Practices of peer inclusion
Authors: Burdelski Matthew , Cekaite Asta
Published: December 2022

This paper explores children’s practices of social inclusion by focusing on their recruitment of peers into play activities. Utilizing data of naturally occurring interaction in Swedish and Japanese preschools, it details four episodes in which children deployed multimodal resources in recruiting peers to begin or join play. The analysis reveals how children can lay the groundwork for recruitments through pre-sequences aimed at securing peer attention and availability. It shows how, when faced with rejection, they can transform their recruitment strategies. The analysis also reveals how children collaborate in recruiting peers, and how they deploy certain strategies, such as the assignment of roles in ways that treat the peer as a willing participant. The findings are discussed in relation to peer inclusion as potentially having a reciprocal nature: in attempting to include someone, one also tries to be included in shared activity.