bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overweight and obesity in public schools' adolescents from Fortaleza: an exploratory study
Authors: Damasceno Marta Maria Coelho , Silva Ana Roberta Vilarouca da , Vasconcelos Hérica Cristina Alves de , Araújo Márcio Flávio Moura de , Almeida Paulo César , Freitas Roberto Wagner Júnior Freire de
Published: October 2022

Nowadays overweight is a condition that prepares adolescents to several chronical diseases in the future. Thus, the objective was to find out overweight and obesity cases in public schools' adolescents from Fortaleza. 720 students between 14 and 19 years of age were investigated in the months of February and March, 2006, by means of a form application in which socio-demographic features, weight, height, Body Mass Rate (BMR) were recorded. Results highlighted that 65.8% were between 14-17 years old, 81% attended highschool, 59.3% belonged to the female gender and 12.9% had an above normal BMR. Out of these, 10.3% were overweight, 2.6% were obese, 7.6% belonged to the female gender and 8.4% were between 14-17 years old. Overweight/obesity predominance was higher in those with lower income, although a statistically significant association was not found (p=0.342). However, there was a significant association between BMR and age (p= 0.003). It was inferred that the raise of overweight cases among the investigated may be related to the adoption of a predisposing lifestyle. In this context, the nurse should implement intervention and prevention actions such as education in health and early detection of overweight cases.
Incidence of retinopathy and neonatal nurse practioner’s role in prevention of blindness due to retinopathy of prematurity at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil – prospective observational descriptive study
Authors: Costa Marlene Coelho da , Eckert Gabriela Unchalo , Valiatti Fabiana Borba , Bonomo Pedro Paulo , Fortes Filho João Borges
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity is a leading cause of blindness in children in middle-income countries. Recent improvements in the intensive neonatal cares allied with better personal qualification for assistance to the pre-term neonate increased survival rates among very low birth weight infants. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of the disease in premature children born at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Brazil, and also to describe the neonatal nurse practioner’s in prevention of blindness at this institution. Methods: A prospective observational descriptive study was conducted on 329 premature children born with birth weight ≤ 1.500 grams and/or ≤ 32 weeks of gestational age between October of 2002 and October of 2006. All of the children were examined by indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy after pupil dilation with association of Tropicamide 0.5% and Phenylephrine 2.5%, eye drops. The ophthalmological examination was first conducted between the 4th and the 6th weeks of life and repeated according the findings based in the international classification. Results: Retinopathy was diagnosed in 84 of the neonates with an incidence rate of 25.5% (84/329). Eighteen of the 329 screened children (5.5%) reached threshold disease and 17 of them needed diode laser treatment to prevent the disease progression. One patient missed the treatment. Conclusions: The incidence of retinopathy was similar to other international results as well as the occurrence of 5.2% of treatable disease. Only one of the infants developed the disease up to the most serious stage (ROP 5), resulting in a 0.3% of blindness due to the retinopathy at the institution since 2002.
Women resident in a female student housing: verse and reverse of self-care
Authors: Brusamarello Tatiana , Fegadoli Débora , Labronici Liliana Maria , Mantovani Maria de Fátima
Published: October 2022

Cancer is the most frequently occurring neoplasia among women worldwide, followed by cervix uteri cancer whose main agent is the human papilloma virus. This research had as general goal: get to know women’s health self-care among female undergraduates who live in a public university housing in Paraná State/ Brazil. Specific goals were as follows: to survey the frequency of breast self-exam, of gynecologic appointments, of colposcopic exam; to identify sexual life-related activities, preventive methods concerning sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and contraception. This study has a quantitative approach and was carried out with a sample of 71 women. Data were gathered by means of a questionnaire and descriptively analyzed. The analysis evidenced that women ranged 18 to 33 years of age; 71.83% can undertake breast self-exam but 86.36% are unwilling to do that. It was still evidenced that 24.19% did not undergo the colposcopic exam after they became sexually active; 87.32% said they were previously sexually active; 53.22% disclosed that they did not always use any preventive methods for STD and 33.87% reported that they did not use them through the sexual intercourse. It can be concluded that those female students have access to information, however they are not risk-aware to undertake self-care.
The Obligation to Register with the Tax Authorities in the conditions of Digitalization
Authors: Lyutova O. I.
Published: October 2022

The paper deals with topical issues of the development of legal regulation of the obligations for physical and legal entities to register with tax authorities due to the digital transformation of tax administration. It is noted that the main principles of providing services for registration with the tax authority in electronic form include accessibility, information openness, as well as its competitiveness. The paper highlights the need for the development of legislation on taxes and fees and ensuring the possibility for private subjects of tax law to provide services for registration with tax authorities entirely in the format of electronic interaction. The paper also focuses on the value of the formation of a digital format of relations between taxpayers and tax authorities for accounting process. Particular attention is paid to the issues of fulfilling the obligation to register self-employed persons, including those who are payers of professional income tax, using the mobile application «My Tax» for registration.
Non-Conventional Trademarks: Classification and Features of International Legal Protection
Authors: Sultimova E. B.
Published: October 2022

The paper is devoted to the types and issues of non-conventional trademark protection. In order to understand the reasons for the emergence of such a category as a ‘non-conventional trademark’, the author studies the history of trademark development. The author examines the provisions of the main international treaties providing for trademark protection. The paper pays particular attention to the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks 2006, which is the first international treaty to explicitly extend its scope to non-conventional trademarks. The paper considers one of the main problems in the registration of non-conventional trademarks related to the form of their submission for registration. Finally, the author makes a conclusion about the need to improve international legal regulation in order to unify approaches to non-conventional trademarks and ensure non-conventional trademark protection in the world.
Features of the organization of medical care for patients with skin cancer using radiation therapy
Authors: Vinogradova Lyubov  V. , Polunin Valeriy S. , Polunina Natalya  V.
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:Malignant skin diseases occupy the 2ndplace in the frequency of prevalence after breast cancer. Basal cell carcinoma of the skin (basal cell carcinoma of the skin) is most often diagnosed, its share is 6080% of all malignant skin diseases. Squamous cell skin cancer is much less common and accounts for 1825%. The annual increase in cancer incidence with localization of the process on the skin is from 3 to 10%.
AIM: This study aimed to investigate the features of the organization of medical care for patients with skin cancer using radiation therapy in Moscow and to develop recommendations for its improvement.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analysis of the results of treatment with short-focus radiation therapy of 461 patients with skin cancer in a large multidisciplinary hospital was carried out.
RESULTS: The health status of patients with skin cancer was studied, in which 88.0% of cases had basal cell skin cancer, and 12.0% had squamous cell skin cancer; 90.1% of these patients were over 50 yr old. Medical care was provided in the radiotherapy department. The condition of patients after a course of short-focus radiation therapy allowed to obtain a positive cosmetic effect, and relapses occurred in 3.0% of patients. Measures have been identified to improve the organization of medical care for patients with skin cancer and to improve the quality of treatment results.
CONCLUSION: The most effective strategy for the treatment of skin cancer with the best cosmetic result is to accelerate the process of determining treatment methods before the start of radiation therapy and conducting short-focus radiation therapy four times a week.
Eye Biometry Shift after Scleral Buckling Procedure
Authors: Kulikov A. N. , Danilenko E. V. , Kuznetsov A. R.
Published: October 2022

Background. There are a great number publications presenting results of various types of optical and ultrasound biometry before and after scleral buckling (SB).

Patients and methods. Biometry was performed for 22 eyes of 22 patients before and after surgical treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. We used 4 types of optical (IOLMaster 500, IOLMaster 700, Lenstar LS 900 and REVO SOCT Copernicus) and 2 types of ultrasound biometry (A- and B-scan).

Results. According to the all biometry data, there was an increase in the axial lens (AL) (the maximum value of eye elongation according to IOLMaster 500 data was 0.84 ± 0.69 mm, p = 0.000), swallowing of the anterior chamber depth (ACD) in regard to IOLMaster 700 (0,48 ± 0,32 mm, p = 0.000) and lens thickness (LT) augmentation (according to A-scan data the largest thickening was 0.17 ± 0.59 mm, p = 0.064).

Conclusions. The anatomy of the eye reliably changes after SB implantation due to increase in the AL, ACD swallowing and an LT augmentation, that makes changes in IOL power calculation with modern formulas during combined surgery. Lenstar LS 900 is the preferred method of biometry when planning simultaneously lens exchange with SB procedure.
Application of Micro-Pulse and Continuous Laser Radiation in Navigation Topographically-Oriented Treatment of Focal Diabetic Macular Edema Based
Authors: Volodin P. L. , Ivanova E. V. , Polyakova E. Yu. , Fomin A. V. , Batalov A. I.
Published: October 2022

Purpose: to evaluate the clinical efficacy of subthreshold laser treatment of focal DME in continuous and micro-pulse modes using a navigation system based on OCT-A data.

Methods. 33 patients (33 eyes) with focal DME were under observation before and after laser treatment. All patients underwent high-resolution OCT-A using the HD Angio Retina 6×6 mm protocol on RTVue-100 XR Avanti (Optovue, USA) and SOLIX (Optovue, USA) devices. The height of edema in the fovea averaged 304.5 ± 5.4 um in the group, in the area of edema outside the fovea — 336.5 ± 7.5 um. The initial best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.75 ± 0.06. The central retinal sensitivity (CRS) before treatment was 24.10 ± 0.48 dB. The treatment was carried out on the NAVILAS 577S navigation laser system (“OD-OS”, Germany). The results were evaluated within 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment.

Results. 1 month after laser treatment, the average CRT in the group was: in the fovea — 294.00 ± 5.38 um, outside the fovea — 318.50 ± 6.44 um. The BCVA increased on average to 0.80 ± 0.06; the CRS to 24.65 ± 0.47 dB. After 3 months, a further decrease in the height of edema was observed (CRT in the fovea was 252.50 ± 2.19 microns, outside the fovea 280.50 ± 3.75 microns). The BCVA increased on average in the group to 0.85 ± 0.06, CRS — 25.50 ± 0.30 dB. After 6 months, the average CRT in the group was: in the fovea — 246.50 ± 1.81 microns, outside the fovea — 273.50 ± 4.56 microns. A stable increase in the BCVA indicators was achieved — 0.85 ± 0.06 and CRS — 26.65 ± 0.16 dB. At the time of 1.3 and 6 months after treatment, an increase in vascular density was observed in the deep vascular complex and the superficial vascular plexus.

Conclusion. The preliminary results obtained by us indicate the effectiveness of navigation sub-threshold laser treatment of DME in the micro-pulse and continuous modes, based on targeted topographicallyoriented laser exposure according to OCT angiography.
The Possibilities of Modern Ultrasound Scanning in Uveal Melanoma Extrascleral Growth Detection
Authors: Amiryan A. G. , Saakyan S. V. , Zakharova G. P. , Tsygankov A. Yu.
Published: October 2022

Purpose. To determine the possibilities of modern ultrasound methods in the detection of uveal melanoma (UM) extrascleral growth (EG).

Patients and methods. The work is based on the results of the examination and treatment of 170 patients with UM who underwent enucleation, including 106 (62.5 %) women and 64 (37.5 %) men aged 15 to 81 years (average — 52.9 ± 12.5). All patients underwent standard and special ophthalmological examinations, including grey scale echography and color Doppler Imaging on ultrasound system Voluson ® 730Pro device using a linear format probe with a central scanning frequency of 10–16 MHz. In all cases, a morphological study was carried out, and in 30 — a molecular genetic study.

Results. UM EG was confirmed histologically in 33 patients — 19.4 % of 170 removed eyes. EG was recorded in all morphological types of UM, but more often in its more aggressive types-epithelioid cell and mixed cell types (χ2 = 6.236, p = 0.044). Significant correlations of EG presence with choroidal localization of UM (r = 0.150, p = 0.048), histological type (r = 0.151, p = 0.05) were revealed. In patients with EG, domed and irregular tumors were more often detected. The results of densitometric analysis of the tumor in patients with and without EG showed significantly higher acoustic density in patients with EG in the area of the base (A1) and central part (A2) of the tumor. In 16 (48.5 %) patients with EG, the growth was detected preoperatively — during ultrasound examination, in other cases-in 17 (51.5 %) patients, EG was established only intraoperatively or after pathohistological examination. The sensitivity of the high-resolution ultrasound technique for detecting EG was 48.5 %, specificity — 97.8 %, accuracy — 87.6 %, efficiency — 71.6 %, prognostic value of positive and negative results — 83.3 % and 97.8 %, respectively. The ROC analysis showed a clinical significance of 0.890 (95 % CI). A characteristic feature of patients with EG in the CDC mode was the visual determination of the total vascularization of the intraocular and extrascleral foci. Of the 30 patients who underwent molecular genetic testing, ERA was detected in 5 cases. All five patients had monosomy of chromosome 3.

Conclusions. The paper presents the characteristic echographic (B-scan and color Doppler mapping) signs of extrascleral tumor growth, which allow us to adjust the tactics of surgical treatment. Data on the full or partial monosomy of chromosome 3 in the studied tumor samples in the presence of its extrascleral growth are presented.
Analysis of the Significance of Keratotopography, Keratopachymetry and Optical Coherence Tomography of the Cornea in the Differential Diagnosis of Pellucid Marginal Corneal Degeneration and Keratoconus
Authors: Vasilieva I. V. , Kostenev S. V. , Vasiliev A. V.
Published: October 2022

Purpose. To analyze the significance of keratotopography, keratopachymetry and optical coherence tomography of the cornea in the differential diagnosis of pellucid marginal corneal degeneration with keratoconus.

Patients and methods. A retrospective analysis of data from outpatient medical records of 62 patients (62 eyes) with keratectasias and the presence of a crab claw keratotopogram was carried out. Optical coherence tomography of the cornea was performed in all eyes and the parameters of keratopachymetry and corneal elevation were studied on the Pentacam.

Results. Optical coherence tomography allowed in all cases to determine the localization of the corneal thinning zone. Only 5 out of 13 indicators of keratopachymetry had statistically significant intergroup differences and can be used in the differential diagnosis of keratectasias.

Conclusion. The analysis showed that, in contrast to keratotopography, keratopachymetry and optical coherence tomography of the cornea make it possible to differentiate the type of primary keratectasia.
Clinical and Functional Results of the Use of Suspension of Autologous Mononuclear Leucocytes in the Surgical Treatment of Bullous Keratopathy
Authors: Denisko M. S. , Krivosheina O. I. , Ivanova E. V.
Published: October 2022

The purpose: to explore the clinical effectiveness of a new cell-based surgical method for the treatment of bullous keratopathy that includes intrastromal injection of autologous mononuclear leukocytes into the posterior third of the cornea stroma.

Material and methods. The study included 58 patients with diagnosis of bullous kerathopathy. They were divided into 2 groups — the main group received surgical treatment by the presented method; and the comparison group received a course of conservative therapy.

Results. In 10 days the patients in the main group had a normal structure of the cornea epithelium, slight edema of the stroma, thin folds of the Descemet’s membrane and moderate edema of the endothelium. Similar results in the comparison group were achieved in 1 month, and it was the best condition of the cornea. Later corneal edema increased. In 3 months the patients of the main group had a normal structure of corneal epithelium, single thin folds of the Descemet’s membrane, slight edema of the posterior third of the stroma only in the optical zone, and slight edema of the endothelium. The achieved results were preserved for 12 months. The best correct visual acuity (BCVA) in the main group was achieved by the 6th month. It increased 10 times from the initial level, and the corneal thickness decreased by 27 % from the initial level by the 9th month. In the comparison group, the BCVA was achieved by the 1st month. It increased 2.7 times from the initial level; the maximum decrease in the index of pachymetry by 6.7 % was achieved by the 3rd month from the initial level, and then these parameters increased.

Conclusion. The using of a surgical method for the treatment of bullous keratopathy, including intrastromal injection of suspension of autologous mononuclear leukocytes, contributes to the relief of corneal syndrome, increases the transparency of the cornea and restores its normal thickness. These changes are accompanied by increase of BCVA in the postoperative period compared to the course of conservative therapy.
Effect of Lactoferin on the Rate of Defect Epithelization and Growth of Pathogenic Microflora in Corneal Erosions in the Experiment
Authors: Kolesnikov A. V. , Kirsanova I. V. , Tumanova N. S. , Averina M. M.
Published: October 2022

Corneal lesions account for at least 1/4 of all ocular pathologies. This frequency is due to the fact that the outer eye’ shell is constantly exposed to adverse environmental factors and is quickly involved in the pathological process. The most spread disease is corneal erosion, the main treatment of which is the prevention of infectious complications. The widespread prevalence of corneal erosion and antibiotic resistance, which develops with the use of antibacterial drugs, led to the search for alternative therapies, one of which is lactoferrin.

The purpose of our work was to study the effect of lactoferrin solution on the rate of corneal erosion epithelization in the experiment, to assess the effect of lactoferrin solution on the growth of pathogenic microflora against the background of corneal deepithelization in the experiment. An experimental model of corneal erosion was reproduced on 12 male chinchilla rabbits, divided into 2 groups (lactoferrin group and placebo group). Total scarification of the cornea was performed with an eye scalpel after preliminary epibulbar anesthesia with 0.4 % oxybuprocaine solution. Inoculations from the conjunctiva of the rabbits’ eyes to whey broth were carried out on the 0th, 3rd and 7th days of the experiment using sterile glass rods in the clinical diagnostic center of the city of Ryazan. Complete epithelialization of the cornea occurred in group 1 from 3 to 5 days, in group 2 — from 4 to 7 days. The average period of epithelialization in group 1 was 3.75 ± 0.62 days. In the second group — 5.42 ± 0.79 days. The use of a lactoferrin solution at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml 3 time per day led to an acceleration of corneal epithelialization. In both groups, regardless of therapy, complete epithelialization of the cornea occurred by the 7th day. As a result of the experiment, there was no growth of microflora against the background of corneal de-epithelialization. Our data indicate that the use of a lactoferrin solution led to the suppression of the growth of pathogenic microflora, while placebo did not affect the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.
Liquid Biopsy for Uveal Melanoma. Does It Make Sense?
Authors: Ovanesyan V. E. , Likhvantseva V. G. , Rychkova S. I. , Selkov S. A.
Published: October 2022

Purpose: to study the informativeness and appropriateness of liquid biopsy in uveal melanoma (UM).

Material and methods. Performed a liquid biopsy (synonym: vitreous fluid biopsy, CST) of enucleated eyes with UM. CST samples were used to quantify the concentration of pro-(IL-8, angiogenin, TNF-α, VEGF, bFGF) and antiangiogenic (IFN-α, TGF-β, IFN-γ) growth factors by multiplex flow cytometry. Compared with the indicators of patients with senile cataracts.

Results. Liquid biopsy provided valuable and reliable information about the spectrum of cytokines and their quantitative indicators in the CTZ of the eyes with UM. Compared with senile cataracts in the vitreous fluid of the eyes with UM, there was a significant increase in the frequency of detection and level of proangiogenic cytokines TNF-α (80.0 % vs. 47.5 %, p < 0.05; Msr ± m: 4.3 ± 1.1 pg/ml against 1.4 ± 0.3 pg/ml, p < 0.05), IL-8 (100 % vs. 75 %, p < 0.01; 323.2 ± 227.9 pg/ml versus 8.5 ± 1.5 pg/ml, r < 0.001), angiogenin (11704.9 ± 1767.7 pg/ml versus 2820.15 ± 1404.90 pg/ml, r < 0.01), VEGF (100.0 % vs. 68.2 %; p < 0.05; 471.49 ± 154.60 pg/ml vs. 18.4 ± 3.2 pg/ml, p < 0.05; 471.49 ± 154.60 pg/ml vs. 18.4 ± 3.2 pg/ml, p < 0.05) and bFGF (60.0 % vs. 26.7 %, p < 0.05; Msr: 44.6 ± 16.2 vs. 2.7 ± 1.0, p < 0.001). In both groups of patients, the antiangiogenic factor TGF-β was not detected, but the concentration of IFN-γ was found in five of the eight samples at the level of 14.9 ± 12.2 pg/ml, and the levels of IFN were 4 times higher: 17.6 ± 3.9 pg/ml against 4.4 ± 0.4 pg/ml (p < 0.05).

Conclusions. Liquid eye biopsy with UM using multiplex flow cytometry can be a valuable and highly informative tool for studying UM phenotypes, in the development and selection of molecular targets for antiangiogenic or other targeted therapies. Elevated levels of proangiogenic growth factors (IL-8, angiogenin, TNF-α, VEGF and bFGF) in vitreous fluid in UM indicate the presence simultaneously of three mechanisms for stimulating angiogenesis, two of which are independent of VEGF, act independently, and may show synergism. Insufficiently high levels of interferons (IFN-γ and IFN-α) against the background of the absence of TGF-β in the vitreous fluid allow us to think that the secretion and control of the regulation of the natural angiostatic link of angiogenesis in the eyes with choroidal melanoma is suppressed. High levels of cytokines with pluripotent (proangiogenic and pro-inflammatory) properties indicate that in choroidal tumors, inflammation may play the role of a promoter of angiogenesis.
Comparative Assessment of the Dynamics of Visual Performance of a Patient with Visually Intense Work with Binocular Cataract after Various Technologies of Cataract Phacoemulsification
Authors: Pokrovsky D. F. , Medvedev I. B. , Ovechkin N. I. , Ovechkin I. G. , Pavlov A. I.
Published: October 2022

Purpose. Comparative assessment of the dynamics of visual performance (VP) of a patient with visually intense work with binocular cataract after various technologies of cataract phacoemulsification (PEC).

Methods. There were 300 patients with binocular cataract under our observation. Patients were divided into three equals in number (n = 100), age (from 38 to 66 years, mean age 55.8 ± 1.3 years), gender (78 % — men; 22 % — women), refractive values of the group who underwent PEС using the following technologies: delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery (DSBCS), immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery according to the traditional (trISBCS) and developed algorithms (maISBCS). Examination of the state of vision of patients in all groups was performed before and 3 months after surgery according to clinical (BCVA in terms of the difference between the first and second eye) and the following ophthalmo-ergonomic indicators, which were assessed using special computer programs: “Visual productivity”, “Glazomer”, “Visual search”.

Results. Differences between the clinical outcomes of the first and second eyes with maISBCS and DSBCS are practically insignificant (UDVA within 0.02 rel. units), after trISBCS they are statistically significant (by 0.08–0.09 rel. units, p < 0.05). After the operation, a pronounced (p < 0.001) increase in VP was noted in all groups. At the same time, there were differences between the groups of patients who underwent maISBCS and trISBCS, manifested by a decrease in VP in the trISBCS group according to the “Visual Search” and “Eye Meter” tests, by 16.1–22.1 % (p < 0.05).

Conclusion. The postoperative level of VR achieved during maISBCS and and DSBCS is almost identical. It has been determined that with an increase in the level of complexity of the ophthalmo-ergonomic tests presented (“signal-response”; “selection of a signal from several — response”; “selection of a signal in conditions of time pressure”), there is a corresponding increase in the difference in the level of SR between groups of patients who were maISBCS and trISBCS, were performed (by 1.5 %, p > 0.05; 16.1 %, p < 0.05; and 22.1 %, p < 0.05, respectively), which may be associated with the occurrence of postoperative anisometropia.
Evaluation of Blood Flow Parameters of the Macular Area and Optic Disc in Patients with Combination of Glaucoma and Axial Myopia
Authors: Eskina E. N. , Belogurova A. V. , Zinina V. S. , Gvetadze A. A. , Smirnova-Sotmari V. B.
Published: October 2022

Purpose. To analyze the indicators of blood flow in the macular region and the peripapillary region in patients with a combination of glaucoma and axial myopia.

Patients and methods. The paper analyzes the results of a study of 186 patients (343 eyes): 51 patients (92 eyes) with axial myopia (mean AVR 26.3 ± 1.9 mm) and diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma of various stages (Glaucoma + Myopia group), 42 patients (78 eyes) with axial myopia (mean AVR 26.5 ± 1.8 mm) without other ophthalmopathology (Myopia group), 48 patients (86 eyes) with refraction close to emmetropic and primary open-angle glaucoma of various stages (Glaucoma group), 45 patients (87 eyes) without any ophthalmopathology and refraction close to emmetropic (Emmetropia group).

Results. With the development of glaucoma, a decrease in the density of capillary perfusion and the density of vessels of the superficial plexus in the macular region was revealed, with a predominant decrease in the parameter in the lower sector, with a progressive decrease with the glaucoma severity. More pronounced deviations from the indicators of the control groups were recorded in the group of combined glaucoma and axial myopia. In the peripapillary region of patients with glaucoma, a decrease in capillary perfusion density and capillary flow index in the upper and especially in the lower sector was recorded, with more pronounced changes in the combination of the disease with axial myopia.

Conclusion. The tomographic indicators of blood flow in the macular and peripapillary areas from this study can be used to obtain the most complete picture of the course of the glaucoma process in patients with different types of refraction, as well as for differential diagnosis and staging of glaucoma in high myopic eyes.
Clinical Phenotypes of Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Poor Response to Aflibercept Treatment
Authors: Likhvantseva V. G. , Gevorgyan A. S. , Kapkova S. G. , Nekrasova E. Yu.
Published: October 2022

The purpose: to identify and describe the clinical phenotypes of patients depending on their response to treatment with Aflibercept.

Material and methods. The study had a prospective cohort design, including 92 eyes (n = 84) with a newly diagnosed diagnosis of nAMD and signs of disease activity. According to the OCT, the activity and type of macular neovascularization (MNV) were verified. Disease activity was monitored by central retinal thickness (CRT), the presence of subretinal and intraretinal fluid (SRF, IRF), and pigment epithelial detachment (PED). Eyes showing fresh hemorrhage ophthalmoscopically, OCT signs of SRF, IRC or sub-RPE, and dye leakage on the FAG were classified as having active nVMD. Treated with intravitreal injections (IVI) of Aflibercept 40 mg/ml in the “treat and extend” mode. The group with an unsatisfactory response to treatment was divided into 5 subgroups: true non-responders (without changes in activity throughout the course of treatment); partial nonrespondents (minimal regression of SRF and/or IRF) during treatment; dependent on anti-VEGF (complete regression on the background of injections, relapse after 4 weeks (increase in SRF/IRF, sub-RPE fluid, PED size); progression of anatomical changes, with exudation or hemorrhage, despite treatment; decreased response to treatment over time. Studied differences in baseline characteristics between the eyes among respondents and non-respondents and in five subgroups of incomplete respondents.

Results. In the OCT characteristic, 45.5 % of eyes with tachyphylaxis showed normal CRT, lack of SRF (90.9 %) and IRF (90.9 %), high prevalence of fibrovascular PED (90.9 %); 90.0 % of the eyes showed type 1 MNV. In the subgroup of non-respondents with anatomical deterioration, type 2 and 3 of MNV were more often present (p = 0.00001) and fibrovascular-hemorrhagic PED was present in every sixth eye. Half (51.2 %) of the VEGF-dependent eyes (p = 0.0139) had the phenotype SRF+ and IRF- (91.3 % vs. 57.9 %, p = 0.0123), dominated by the OCT phenotype: SRF+/IRF-, as well as type 1 and 2 of MNV (91.3 % and 8.7 %, respectively). The eyes are partially non-respondent in 32 % had normal CRT, in 40 % of the eyes SRF+, in 24 % of IRF+, different types of PED, 1 and 3 types of MNV were present.

Conclusion. The presented descriptions of clinical phenotypes of eyes with nVMD depending on their response to treatment with Aflibercept may be useful in predicting the response to treatment.
Stromal Herpetic Keratitis with Ulceration Associated with Reactivation of Epstein–Barr Virus and Human Herpes Virus Type 6: Experience of Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Chernakova G. M. , Kleshcheva E. A. , Shchegoleva V. I.
Published: October 2022

Objective: to study the clinical manifestations of herpetic stromal keratitis with ulceration associated with EBV and HHV-6 reactivation.

Patients and methods. 172 patients with anterior ophthalmic herpes were under observation, of which 43 patients had herpetic stromal keratitis with ulceration with an average duration of complaints of more than 60 days. Tear, saliva, blood and urine samples were used as a material for PCR (qualitative and quantitative) for the presence of HSV, VZV, CMV, EBV, HHV-6, HHV-7 DNA. Local therapy of the acute period included instillation of antiviral, anti-inflammatory agents and lubricants. Systemic antiherpetic therapy included oral use of selective nucleoside analogues: valacyclovir and famciclovir in increased daily dosages.

Results. 87 cumulative positive results were obtained, of which the proportion of EBV and HHV-6 DNA detection was 23 % and 28 %. Complex local therapy with the inclusion of heparin-containing lubricant and a drug containing 5 % dexpanthenol (“Corneregel”) combined with systemic therapy with nucleoside analogues in increased daily dosages led to complete relief of objective symptoms within 14 to 28 days.

Conclusions. EBV and HHV-6 were detected in more than 50 % of cases, which determines systemic antiviral therapy in increased daily dosages and a prolonged course. The pathogenesis of ulcerative defects may be associated with the direct reactivation of HHV-6 and EBV, which requires the use of active reparative therapy from the first days of curation. The phenomenon of a transient viral “surge” detected by PCR during disease course can be observed by adequate systemic therapy and is a normal laboratory pattern indicating the correct tactics.
Application of the MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Method in the Determination of the Causative Agent of Endophthalmitis. Clinical Case
Authors: Lizunov A. V. , Ponomarev V. O. , Kazaykin V. N. , Rozanova S. M. , Kirf M. V. , Hasanova D. G.
Published: October 2022

Infectious endophthalmitis (EF) is a serious problem in modern ophthalmology, which can lead to irreversible consequences for the patient’s visual functions. Timely diagnosis and timely treatment are the “key” to the successful resolution of the process. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization method using matrix laser desorption/ionization. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry, or MALDI-TOF MS, aimed at determining the mass of the investigated “unknown” molecules by ionization, followed by separation and determination of the ratio of their mass to charge (m/z) with positive and negative signs. The method allows ionizing biological macromolecules (peptides, proteins, DNA, oligonucleotides, oligo- and lipopolysaccharides, etc.) as part of a special substance — a matrix — under the influence of a laser. The resulting ions are separated during the time-of-flight analyzer due to different velocity of movement, inversely proportional to the mass of the ion. Based on the source of the ionization source before the detector, the speed of movement and the ratio of mass to charge (m/z) for each ion are calculated: the heavier the molecule, the longer its flight duration. To identify bacteria, the spectrum of proteins is determined directly from the bacterial cell without preliminary long-term sample preparation. For each type of microorganism, a characteristic set of proteins (biomarkers) is formed, obtained on the basis of analysis of at least 50 mass spectra of this type (almost 100 % accuracy). This mechanism leads to the fact that different biological microorganisms form patterns, or spectra, which makes it possible to identify them by the type of “fingerprint”, while the research time itself is usually not several minutes. This article presents a clinical case of the use of MALDI-TOF MS in the diagnosis of endophthalmitis.
Antonio Gramsci y la cuestión nacional italiana: Un análisis de los artículos de L’Ordine Nuovo (1919-1920)
Authors: Palacio Martín Jorge del
Published: October 2022

El presente artículo aborda la cuestión nacional italiana en los artículos publicados por Antonio Gramsci en el semanario socialista L’Ordine Nuovo en el periodo 1919-1920. De manera general, la apropiación de la idea de nación italiana por parte del discurso del PCI se identifica con la política de nacionalización del partido que dirige Palmiro Togliatti después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Sin embargo, el presente trabajo quiere mostrar que el Gramsci de L’Ordine Nuovo del periodo 1919-1920 se caracteriza por ofrecer un lugar de privilegio a la nación en su estrategia de superación del orden liberal y realización del comunismo. En particular, este artículo analizará la cuestión nacional italiana según Gramsci en conexión con las posiciones de Marx, Engels y Lenin sobre la materia, la cuestión meridional italiana y la crítica del Risorgimento como revolución «incompleta» o «traicionada».
El control de convencionalidad en Colombia. Estudio de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional y el Consejo de Estado
Authors: Castaño Peña Jairo Andrés
Published: October 2022

Este estudio presenta una revisión exhaustiva de la adopción y análisis del control de convencionalidad en la jurisprudencia colombiana, tanto en la Corte Constitucional como en el Consejo de Estado. En primer lugar, se explica la evolución de la noción de control de convencionalidad desarrollada por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y las obligaciones que se han derivado de su desarrollo. Y, en segundo lugar, se presentan las decisiones más importantes de la Corte Constitucional en la materia, que ha sido reacia a aplicar el control de convencionalidad como fundamento de sus decisiones; esta situación será contrastada con los desarrollos jurisprudenciales del Consejo de Estado, donde la noción ha tenido una aplicación directa como mecanismo para adoptar sus decisiones. Finalmente, presentaremos una reflexión sobre la importancia que tiene la adopción de esta noción a la hora de fundamentar las decisiones por parte de los tribunales internos para garantizar el cumplimiento de la Convención Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.
La política de cohesión y la gestión de los fondos europeos en el periodo de programación 2021-2027: ¿Continuidad, inflexión o disrupción?
Authors: Sanz Gómez María Mercedes , Martínez Alarcón María Luz
Published: October 2022

La política de cohesión es la principal manifestación del principio de solidaridad en la Unión Europea. Se trata de uno de los ámbitos más relevantes de la acción política de la integración. Este artículo analiza el Reglamento (UE) 2021/1060 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 24 de junio de 2021, con el objeto de discernir cuáles han sido los cambios producidos en su misión y en la gestión de los fondos para el periodo de programación 2021-2027.
A case of clinically malignant rapid-progressive cardiac myxoma after COVID-19 infection
Authors: Tsoi E. I. , Falkovskaya A. Yu. , Evtushenko V. V. , Mordovin V. F.
Published: October 2022

This article presents a clinical case of urgent, life-saving surgical intervention in a 69-year-old woman with left atrial myxoma with rapid morphological and clinical progression and a history of COVID-19 and breast cancer in remission. However, the concurrent (perhaps secondary) thrombophilic condition facilitated the complication development in the form of superior vena caval orifice thrombosis in the early postoperative period. For this complication, repeated surgery in the volume of thrombectomy was performed, which resulted in stabilization of the patient’s condition.
Efficacy of secondary prevention and rehabilitation programs with distant support in patients with atrial fibrillation after intervention procedures: impact on psychological status
Authors: Pogosova N. V. , Badtieva V. A. , Ovchinnikova A. I. , Sokolova O. Yu. , Vorobyeva N. M.
Published: October 2022

Aim      To evaluate the effectivity of secondary prevention/rehabilitation programs with remote support for the psychological condition of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) following interventional procedures (radiofrequency catheter ablation and cryoablation).

Material and methods  This prospective, controlled, randomized clinical study was performed in three parallel groups. Each group consisted of 45 patients with AF after interventional procedures. In groups 1 and 2, secondary prevention/rehabilitation programs with remote support were performed, including a single individual in-hospital counseling (on risk factors of AF and their control and on major aspects of the disease, treatment and prevention of complications) and three months of remote support (by phone in group 1 and by e-mail in group 2). Patients of group 3 (control group) received standard recommendations at discharge from the hospital. The psychological status was evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the PHQ-9 questionnaire, the Spielberg-Hanin scale for reactive and personal anxiety, and the visual analogue scale for stress assessment. The follow-up duration was 12 months.

Results At the end of the follow-up period, the proportion of patients with anxiety symptoms considerably decreased in both intervention groups (р<0.001 for each group) and was significantly less than in the control group (р<0.001 for both comparisons). Also, in intervention group 1, the proportion of patients with clinically pronounced anxiety symptoms was significantly decreased. For 12 months of follow-up, the severity of depressive symptoms significantly decreased in all three groups. However, in both intervention groups, this decrease was significantly greater than in the control group (р<0.001 for group 1 and р=0.020 for group 2). In both intervention groups at 12 months, the stress level was significantly reduced whereas in the control group, it remained practically unchanged. The greatest (50% on average) decrease in the stress level was observed in intervention group 2.

Conclusion      Secondary prevention and rehabilitation programs with remote support during a 12-month follow-up resulted in improvement of the psychological status in patients with AF after interventional procedures.
Sustainable consumer behavior: research through the prism of generational theory
Authors: Timokhina G. S. , Mkhitaryan S. V. , Skorobogatykh I. I. , Koryagina I. A. , Lukina A. V.
Published: October 2022

Purpose: to present an author-designed methodology for measuring sustainable consumer behavior and the results of its practical evaluation for the verbal modelling of behavior of consumers of generations X, Y and z in conditions of unstable socio-economic and environmental systems.Methods: the study is grounded in the application of methods of content analysis of secondary information and statistical analysis of primary data. Results and implications of the research study are grounded in the use of the author-designed system of indicators of sustainable consumer behavior in the marketing study of the extent of manifestation of such behavior by consumers of generations X, Y, z on a representative sample of 1195 units who reside in more than 200 large cities in Russia.Results: the author-designed customized methodology for measuring sustainable consumer behavior that is grounded in a system of qualitative indicators, classified by clusters of interrelated objectives on sustainable societal development (socio-economic, social and socio-environmental), has been developed. The study findings enabled the authors to identify significant differences in indicators of sustainable behavior of consumers of different generations and to determine their proclivity to exhibit sustainable behavior in the future. The detected differences served as the basis for demonstration of both the verbal models of sustainable behavior of consumers of generations X, Y and z and the possibility to identify generational groups as large market segments for the purposes of differentiating sustainable marketing strategies.Сonclusions and Relevance: the results of testing of the author-designed methodology for measuring sustainable behavior of consumers from different generational groups confirmed the provisions of the generational theory on differences in their behavior, which manifested itself in differentiation of the contribution of consumers of the X, Y, z generations to achieving socio-economic, social and environmental objectives in the country through productive (destructive) behavioral patterns. Therefore, application of generational theory provisions will be instrumental in identifying large target market segments, corresponding to the generational groups with different profiles and models of sustainable behavior, which will require differentiated approach in sustainable marketing.
Digital ecosystem models in business: challenges of management theory and practice
Authors: Gudkova T. V. , Kuznetsov G. Yu.
Published: October 2022

Purpose: this article is aimed at identifying the economic effects arising out of the integration of companies within the framework of the digital business ecosystem.Methods: the article is based on the concept of the evolution of organizational systems in the context of the ecosystem approach, as well as on the provisions of the economic theory of network effects. The main methods of scientific research are represented by the structural- logical, bibliographic, computational-constructive and graphic method.Results: the review of current publications related to the issue being considered showed that in the era of the Internet and digital technologies, the main factor of economic benefit is the network effect or the demand scale effect, as well as the fact that a new source of competitive advantage and market dominance pertains to the ecosystem of users. It is revealed that the strategy of unification within the framework of digital business ecosystem allows companies to provide additional value for customers and meet the utmost number of their needs. Due to the analysis presented in this research, other economic effects, as well as the risks of integration strategies with the digital business ecosystem based on the example of the market of mobile applications designed to pay for fuel in Russia have been identified.Сonclusions and Relevance: currently, companies are increasingly adopting an ecosystem-oriented format of work when creating their business models, which allows them to scale their business at low cost and minimal investments, enter new markets, increase the customer's lifecycle and gain additional profit. Digital technologies bring the participants of business ecosystems to a new level of interaction thus leading to the reduction of barriers which prevent the synergetic effects from partner integration. The empirical analysis in the study also exposed potential risks of cooperation with the digital business ecosystem, as well as an alternative way of the organization's development strategy, which allows creating its own digital ecosystem in the future. The results have been tested in the process of improving the integration strategies of the company "Benzuber" and despite the fact that the analysis has a number of limitations, the findings might have practical implications for optimizing the development strategies of other companies.