bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chaperonin GroEL hydrolyses ortho-nitrophenyl β-galactoside
Authors: Hashim P. K. , Dokainish Hisham M. , Tamaoki Nobuyuki
Published: July 2023

A serendipitous finding that the chaperonin GroEL hydrolyses ortho-nitrophenyl β-galactoside (ONPG), a well-known substrate of the enzyme β-galactosidase.
Synthesis and post-polymerization modification of star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polydehydroalanine block copolymers: a versatile template for designing multifunctional polymers
Authors: Mons Peter J. , Poudel Purushottam , Hingel Marius , Schacher Felix H.
Published: July 2023

We present the synthesis and solution properties of multifunctional star-shaped graft block copolymers via post-polymerization modification.
Barium silicate nanoparticles, an efficient catalyst for one-pot green synthesis of α-benzyl amino coumarin derivatives as potential chemotherapeutic agents
Authors: Taghrir Hadi , Faghih Zeinab , Ghashang Majid , Emami Leila , Dalili Shadi , Khabnadideh Soghra
Published: July 2023

A new, simple, and efficient method for synthesis of α-benzyl amino coumarin and its derivatives (1–24) via a one-pot reaction and, their appropriate ADMET properties.
Preparation of Ru/N-doped carbon catalysts by induction of different nitrogen source precursors for the hydroprocessing of lignin oil
Authors: Zhong Yudan , Ma Yulong , Sun Yonggang , Wang Liqiong , Li Yuanyuan , Lin Feng , Zhu Yingbo
Published: July 2023

The lignin oil produced by rapid pyrolysis of lignin is considered a promising liquid fuel source.
Spectroscopic in-depths of upconverting NaZr2(PO4)3 phosphors for LIR-based thermometry
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Lakshmi , Pattnaik Sasank , Rai Vineet Kumar
Published: July 2023

This study employed that the green-emitting Er3+-Yb3+:NaZr2(PO4)3, NASICON phosphors are very much promising in optical thermometry applications.
Coconut power: a sustainable approach for the removal of Cr6+ ions using a new coconut-based polyurethane foam/activated carbon composite in a fixed-bed column
Authors: Tomon Tomas Ralph B. , Estrada Renz John R. , Fernandez Rubie Mae D. , Capangpangan Rey Y. , Lubguban Alona A. , Dumancas Gerard G. , Alguno Arnold C. , Malaluan Roberto M. , Bacosa Hernando P. , Lubguban Arnold A.
Published: July 2023

To attain superior Cr6+ elimination from an aqueous solution, a novel composite adsorbent has been developed and utilized in a fixed-bed column.
Harnessing the potential of CsPbBr3-based perovskite solar cells using efficient charge transport materials and global optimization
Authors: Hossain M. Khalid , Bhattarai Sagar , Arnab A. A. , Mohammed Mustafa K. A. , Pandey Rahul , Ali Md Hasan , Rahman Md. Ferdous , Islam Md. Rasidul , Samajdar D. P. , Madan Jaya , Bencherif H. , Dwivedi D. K. , Amami Mongi
Published: July 2023

Here we have done SCAPS simulation for optimizing the performance of CsPbBr3-based PSC. We first optimized the BMC with HTL connected mode and then optimized the CsPbBr3, TiO2, & CFTS layers' various parameters in both with-HTL and without-HTL modes.
Stable biogenic silver nanoparticles fromSyzygium nervosumbud extract for enhanced catalytic, antibacterial and antifungal properties
Authors: Lan Pham Thi , Dat Doan Van , Le Dang Quang , Anh Nguyen Tuan , Huong Nguyen Thi Lan , Thuy Tran Thi Dieu , Lan Nguyen Thi Phuong , Anh Vo Thi Kieu , Huy Nguyen Trung , Lam Tran Dai
Published: July 2023

Stable BioAgNPs were synthesized utilizingSyzygium nervosumbud extract without using any additional commercial chemicals. The BioAgNPs exhibit promising potential as a catalyst for nitrophenol treatment and as an effective agent for disease treatment and crop protection.
Design, synthesis, in silico, and in vitro evaluation of benzylbenzimidazolone derivatives as potential drugs on α-glucosidase and glucokinase as pharmacological targets
Authors: Santos-Ballardo Cress Lumadhar , Montes-Ávila Julio , Rendon-Maldonado José Guadalupe , Ramos-Payan Rosalio , Montaño Sarita , Sarmiento-Sánchez Juan I. , Acosta-Cota Selene de Jesús , Ochoa-Terán Adrián , Bastidas-Bastidas Pedro de Jesús , Osuna-Martínez Ulises
Published: July 2023

An in silico assay was designed, and generated compounds were studied to delimitate the synthesis by microwave irradiation–conventional heat combination. In vitro evaluation as antihyperglycemic and hypoglycemic agents were made, where 2s has good potential.
Fe3O4@ABA-aniline-CuI nanocomposite as a highly efficient and reusable nanocatalyst for the synthesis of benzothiazole-sulfide aryls and heteroaryls
Authors: Sun Mingzhe , Liu Wei , Wu Wei , Li Qun , Shen Li
Published: July 2023

Studying diaryl sulfides and benzothiazoles is important in organic synthesis because numerous natural and medicinal products contain these scaffolds.
Biochar production from cellulose under reductant atmosphere: influence of the total pyrolysis time
Authors: Santos J. L. , Centeno M. A. , Odriozola J. A.
Published: July 2023

Today's rising energy costs, coupled with increasing energy demand, make it necessary to search for more efficient energy processes.
Dielectrophoretic trapping of nanosized biomolecules on plasmonic nanohole arrays for biosensor applications: simple fabrication and visible-region detection
Authors: Fujiwara Satoko , Hata Misaki , Onohara Ikumi , Kawasaki Daiki , Sueyoshi Kenji , Hisamoto Hideaki , Suzuki Masato , Yasukawa Tomoyuki , Endo Tatsuro
Published: July 2023

In this study, we experimentally demonstrated a simple, label-free, rapid, cost-effective biomolecules' trapping in visible region with combination developed gold nanohole arrays and dielectrophoresis.
Ultrafine Ru nanoparticles integrated on ordered mesoporous carbon for solvent-free hydrogenation of nitroarenes
Authors: Liao Hui , Weng Peiqi , Huang Haigen , Tan Ruoxia , Zhu Rui , Liu Yao , Wang Zhijun
Published: July 2023

The hydrogenation of nitroarenes to aromatic amines with H2 under solvent-free conditions in place of organic solvents is a crucial process for the synthesis of fine chemicals.
Sequence rules for gold-binding peptides
Authors: Janairo Jose Isagani B.
Published: July 2023

Classification based on association rules was applied to a dataset of decapeptides and their binding affinities for AuNPs. The sequence rules can accurately differentiate high-binding from low-binding affinity peptides.
The effects of ionic liquids on the ethanolysis of a chloroacenaphthene. Evaluation of the effectiveness of nucleofugality data to predict reaction outcome
Authors: Hsieh Andrew Y. , Haines Ronald S. , Harper Jason B.
Published: July 2023

The rate constant for ethanolysis of an acenapthyl chloride in mixtures containing ionic liquids is estimated, demonstrating the potential for quantitative prediction of ionic liquid solvent effects.
Dual catalytic activity of hexagonal Mg–Sr codoped ZnO nanocrystals for the degradation of an industrial levafix olive reactive dye under sunlight and biosensing applications
Authors: F. M. Sanakousar , C. C. Vidyasagar , D. B. Shikandar , Mounesh  , C. C. Viswanatha , Hosamani Gururaj , K. Prakash , N. K. Manjunatha
Published: July 2023

Doping with alkaline earth metals has been found to be more efficient than doping with transition metals in lowering a semiconductor's photothreshold energy.
Continuous flow synthesis of pyridinium salts accelerated by multi-objective Bayesian optimization with active learning
Authors: Dunlap John H. , Ethier Jeffrey G. , Putnam-Neeb Amelia A. , Iyer Sanjay , Luo Shao-Xiong Lennon , Feng Haosheng , Garrido Torres Jose Antonio , Doyle Abigail G. , Swager Timothy M. , Vaia Richard A. , Mirau Peter , Crouse Christopher A. , Baldwin Luke A.
Published: July 2023

Human-in-the-loop experimentation enables interactive machine learning for continuous flow chemistry reaction planning and optimization.
Impact of electrolyte decomposition products on the electrochemical performance of 4 V class K-ion batteries
Authors: Hosaka Tomooki , Matsuyama Tatsuo , Tatara Ryoichi , Gossage Zachary T. , Komaba Shinichi
Published: July 2023

KPF6-based electrolytes decomposed on K metal, producing oligocarbonates, which deteriorated the cathode performances. In contrast, KFSA electrolytes predominantly produced FSA-derived products, which improved the coulombic efficiency of anodes.
Accelerating explicit solvent models of heterogeneous catalysts with machine learning interatomic potentials
Authors: Chen Benjamin W. J. , Zhang Xinglong , Zhang Jia
Published: July 2023

Active learning of machine learning interatomic potentials enables dynamic modelling of adsorption and reactions at explicitly solvated heterogeneous catalyst interfaces with near ab initio accuracy and greatly reduced computational cost.
2,5-disubstituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes as rigidified cyclopentane variants
Authors: Paul Shashwati , Adelfinsky Daniel , Salome Christophe , Fessard Thomas , Brown M. Kevin
Published: July 2023

Identification of rigid counterparts for common flexible scaffolds is crucial to the advancement of medicinal chemistry. Herein, synthesis of new bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes to act as rigidified cyclopentanes is described.
Effects of receptor properties on particle internalization through receptor-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Billah Md Muhtasim , Deng Hua , Dutta Prashanta , Liu Jin
Published: July 2023

Without clathrin, ligand–receptor interactions can only partially drive particle internalization.
Operandoinvestigation of aqueous zinc manganese oxide batteries: multi-stage reaction mechanism revealed
Authors: Wu Daren , King Steven T. , Sadique Nahian , Ma Lu , Ehrlich Steven N. , Ghose Sanjit , Bai Jianming , Zhong Hui , Yan Shan , Bock David C. , Takeuchi Esther S. , Marschilok Amy C. , Housel Lisa M. , Wang Lei , Takeuchi Kenneth J.
Published: July 2023

A multi-stage Mn dissolution–conversion charge storage mechanism in aqueous Zn/α-MnO2batteries was revealedvia operandosynchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well asex situRaman spectroscopy.
Enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of metal–organic frameworks in the oxygen evolution reaction by introducing high-valent metal centers
Authors: Dong Jie , Boukhvalov Danil W. , Lv Cuncai , Humphrey Mark G. , Zhang Chi , Huang Zhipeng
Published: July 2023

The OER electrocatalytic activity of a conductive 2D MOF was significantly enhanced by introducing high-valent metal speciesviamicrowave synthesis.
A Si(111)-(7 × 7) surface as a natural substrate for identical cluster catalysts
Authors: Guo Yu , Zhao Yanyan , Pei Wei , Zhou Si , Zhao Jijun
Published: July 2023

We for the first time demonstrate that the Si(111) surface with 7 × 7 reconstruction, a commonly available material in the laboratory, is an ideal substrate to prepare subnanometer identical clusters for catalytic applications.
Reversibility limitations of metal exsolution reactions in niobium and nickel co-doped strontium titanate
Authors: Weber Moritz L. , Sohn Yoo Jung , Dittmann Regina , Waser Rainer , Menzler Norbert H. , Guillon Olivier , Lenser Christian , Nems̆ák Slavomír , Gunkel Felix
Published: July 2023

Reversible metal exsolution and re-dissolution of metal cations in perovskite host lattices hold the potential for the development of regenerable metal-oxide catalysts. However, the reversibility of metal exsolution reactions is often limited.
Engineering asymmetric multifunctional phase change composites for improved electromagnetic interference shielding and wireless personal thermal therapy
Authors: Hu Xinpeng , Quan Bingqing , Ai Bin , Sheng Mengjie , Liu Shuang , Huang Xianrong , Wu Hao , Lu Xiang , Qu Jinping
Published: July 2023

A series of layered asymmetric multifunctional PCCs with MXene layers and phase change layers were fabricated, and the PCCs show great potential in EMI shielding, thermal therapy, and antibacterial applications.
Dual-functional reduced graphene oxide decorated nanoporous polytetrafluoroethylene metafabrics for radiative cooling and solar-heating
Authors: Luo Zhuo , Li Bai-Xue , Sun Hao , Liu Ji , Zhao Hao-Yu , Yu Zhong-Zhen , Yang Dongzhi
Published: July 2023

A sandwich-structured dual functional reduced graphene oxide decorated nanoporous PTFE metafabric integrating radiative cooling, solar heating, and satisfactory wearability is designed for multi-scenario personal thermal management.
The structural transformation of metal–organic frameworks towards 2D carbon for a desirable supercapacitor
Authors: Ma Yu , Ge Yanfeng , Gao Degong , Li Zepeng , Du Mingrun , Xing Xiaoqin , Feng Ribao , Han Yingdong
Published: July 2023

2D carbon materials with porous structures based on Zn-BTC obtained by a convenient interfacial synthesis were reported. The as-constructed supercapacitors achieved a specific capacitance of 62.5 F g−1 and cycling stability (30 000 cycles).
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Vocabulary Interventions for Deaf/Hard of Hearing Children and Adolescents
Authors: Aldemir Hülya , Solís-Campos Adrián , Saldaña David , Rodríguez-Ortiz Isabel R.
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

The development of vocabulary size in deaf/hard of hearing (DHH) children and adolescents can be delayed compared to their peers due to lack of access to early language input. Complementary vocabulary interventions are reported in the literature. Our aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention methods for their vocabulary improvement.

Method:

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched five databases for peer-reviewed journal articles in English, published between 2000 and 2022 (inclusive), reporting vocabulary interventions for 2- to 18-year-old DHH children and adolescents without comorbidities. We conducted separate meta-analyses using a random-effects model on receptive oral vocabulary, expressive oral vocabulary, and signed vocabulary. We assessed the methodological quality of each paper. This review is preregistered in PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) with ID CRD42021243479.

Results:

We included 25 group studies in this review out of 1,724 identified records. The quality assessment of the studies revealed risk of bias ranging from some concerns to high risk. Experimental vocabulary instruction produced improvement in receptive oral vocabulary (Hedges's
g
= 1.08, 95% CI [0.25, 1.90],

I
2

= 93.46,
p
= .01), expressive oral vocabulary (Hedges's
g
= 1.00, 95% CI [0.18, 1.83],

I
2

= 96.37,
p
= .02), and signed vocabulary (Hedges's
g
= 1.88, 95% CI [1.09, 2.66],

I
2

= 96.01,
p
< .001) in the experimental groups. Written vocabulary and general vocabulary skills are also reported as a synthesis of results.

Conclusions:

Multisensory and multimodal explicit vocabulary instruction for DHH children and adolescents is helpful in improving vocabulary acquisition with respect to baseline levels. However, its effectiveness must be carefully interpreted due to the lack of proper control groups and details on
treatment as usual
reported in the studies.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23646357
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire Into Kannada
Authors: Narasimhan Srirangam Vijayakumar , Sahana Kashyap , Yashaswini Govinda , Divyashree Dhanashekar
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

As there are no questionnaires to assess the experience and proficiency of bilingual/multilingual Kannada speakers, this study aimed to adapt and validate the Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q) into the Kannada language cross-culturally.

Method:

A nonrandomized, prospective cross-sectional design with purposive sampling was used in the study. The cross-cultural adaptation was performed using a standard guideline for developing the questionnaire. The Kannada version of the LEAP-Q (KLEAP-Q) was administered to three groups of participants. Group 1 included 200 bilingual participants (first language [L1]-Kannada, second language [L2]-English), Group 2 included 25 participants with good proficiency in Kannada, and Group 3 consisted of 25 participants with Telugu as L1, English as L2, and Kannada as third language. Responses from the participants were further tabulated and subjected to various statistical analyses to assess the psychometric properties of the questionnaire.

Results:

Results showed a high test–retest reliability for the KLEAP-Q. The factor analysis results yielded eight factors with eigenvalues of more than 1.8 and had a Cronbach's alpha ranging from .61 to .95, signifying a good internal consistency of the KLEAP-Q. Mann–Whitney
U
test revealed significant differences between the speakers with good proficiency and speakers with low proficiency in Kannada, indicating a good known groups discriminant validity.

Conclusion:

As the KLEAP-Q has good reliability and validity, it can be used as a supplementary tool with other objective measures to document the experience and proficiency of Kannada-speaking bilingual individuals.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23631519
Forecasting patient demand at urgent care clinics using explainable machine learning
Authors: Susnjak Teo , Maddigan Paula
Published: July 2023

Urgent care clinics and emergency departments around the world periodically suffer from extended wait times beyond patient expectations due to surges in patient flows. The delays arising from inadequate staffing levels during these periods have been linked with adverse clinical outcomes. Previous research into forecasting patient flows has mostly used statistical techniques. These studies have also predominately focussed on short‐term forecasts, which have limited practicality for the resourcing of medical personnel. This study joins an emerging body of work which seeks to explore the potential of machine learning algorithms to generate accurate forecasts of patient presentations. Our research uses datasets covering 10 years from two large urgent care clinics to develop long‐term patient flow forecasts up to one quarter ahead using a range of state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. A distinctive feature of this study is the use of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) tools like Shapely and LIME that enable an in‐depth analysis of the behaviour of the models, which would otherwise be uninterpretable. These analysis tools enabled us to explore the ability of the models to adapt to the volatility in patient demand during the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdowns and to identify the most impactful variables, resulting in valuable insights into their performance. The results showed that a novel combination of advanced univariate models like Prophet as well as gradient boosting, into an ensemble, delivered the most accurate and consistent solutions on average. This approach generated improvements in the range of 16%–30% over the existing in‐house methods for estimating the daily patient flows 90 days ahead.
An energy‐efficient floating‐point compute SRAM with pipelined in‐memory bit‐parallel exponent and bitwise mantissa processing
Authors: Mai Yangzhan , Wang Mingyu , Zhong Baiqing , Zhang Chuanghao , Zhang Yicong , Yu Zhiyi
Published: July 2023

The promise of compute‐in‐memory (CIM) for energy‐efficient deep neural network (DNN) tasks has been demonstrated. However, most previous CIM works typically focus on low‐precision DNN computing. To enable high‐precision DNN computing, this work presents a novel SRAM‐CIM design that fully supports half‐precision floating‐point (FP16) MAC operations. To maximize the energy efficiency, an efficient in‐memory bit‐parallel approach for conducting exponent operations and the bitwise in‐memory booth encoder for reducing mantissa multiplication latency are proposed. Moreover, by enabling the pipeline of exponent and mantissa processing, the hardware utilization is improved with high throughput achieved. The proposed design is analyzed in 40 nm CMOS technology. The evaluation shows that the SRAM‐CIM achieves a frequency of 714 MHz and a peak energy efficiency of 1.53 TFLOPS/W.
The sharpest view on the high-mass star-forming region S255IR
Authors: Fedriani R. , Caratti o Garatti A. , Cesaroni R. , Tan J. C. , Stecklum B. , Moscadelli L. , Koutoulaki M. , Cosentino G. , Whittle M.
Published: July 2023

Context. Massive stars have an impact on their surroundings from early in their formation until the end of their lives. However, very little is known about their formation. Episodic accretion may play a crucial role in the process, but only a handful of observations have reported such events occurring in massive protostars.

Aims. We aim to investigate the outburst event from the high-mass star-forming region S255IR where the protostar NIRS3 recently underwent an accretion outburst. We follow the evolution of this source both in photometry and morphology of its surroundings.

Methods. We performed near infrared adaptive optics observations on the S255IR central region using the Large Binocular Telescope in the Ks broadband as well as the H2 and Brγ narrow-band filters with an angular resolution of ~07″.06, close to the diffraction limit.

Results. We discovered a new near infrared knot north-east of NIRS3 that we interpret as a jet knot that was ejected during the last accretion outburst and observed in the radio regime as part of a follow-up after the outburst. We measured a mean tangential velocity for this knot of 450 ± 50 km s−1. We analysed the continuum-subtracted images from H2, which traces jet-shocked emission, and Brγ, which traces scattered light from a combination of accretion activity and UV radiation from the central massive protostar. We observed a significant decrease in flux at the location of NIRS3, with K = 13.48 mag being the absolute minimum in the historic series.

Conclusions. Our observations strongly suggest a scenario where the episodic accretion is followed by an episodic ejection response in the near infrared, as was seen in the earlier radio follow-up. The ~2 µm photometry from the past 30 yr suggests that NIRS3 might have undergone another outburst in the late 1980s, making it the first massive protostar with such evidence observed in the near infrared.
Bayesian evidence for two slow-wave damping models in hot coronal loops
Authors: Arregui I. , Kolotkov D. Y. , Nakariakov V. M.
Published: July 2023

We computed the evidence in favour of two models, one based on field-aligned thermal conduction alone and another that includes thermal misbalance as well, to explain the damping of slow magneto-acoustic waves in hot coronal loops. Our analysis is based on the computation of the marginal likelihood and the Bayes factor for the two damping models. We quantified their merit to explain the apparent relationship between slow mode periods and damping times, measured with SOHO/SUMER in a set of hot coronal loops. The results indicate evidence in favour of the model with thermal misbalance in the majority of the sample, with a small population of loops for which thermal conduction alone is more plausible. The apparent possibility of two different regimes of slow-wave damping, if due to differences between the loops of host active regions and/or the photospheric dynamics, may help to reveal the coronal heating mechanism.
Convergence analysis of time-domain PMLS for 2D electromagnetic wave propagation in dispersive waveguides
Authors: Bécache Éliane , Kachanovska Maryna , Wess Markus
Published: July 2023

This work is dedicated to the analysis of generalized perfectly matched layers (PMLs) for 2D electromagnetic wave propagation in dispersive waveguides. Under quite general assumptions on frequency-dependent dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability we prove convergence estimates in homogeneous waveguides and show that the PML error decreases exponentially with respect to the absorption parameter and the length of the absorbing layer. The optimality of this error estimate is studied both numerically and analytically. Finally, we demonstrate that in the case when the waveguide contains a heterogeneity supported away from the absorbing layer, instabilities may occur, even in the case of the non-dispersive media. Our findings are illustrated by numerical experiments.
Gründe von Menschen ab 60 Jahren in Deutschland, sich nicht
gegen Covid-19 impfen zu lassen
Authors: Hajek André , Kretzler Benedikt , von Rüden Ursula , Orth Boris , König Hans-Helmut
Published: July 2023

Ziel Darstellung der Gründe von Menschen ab 60 Jahren in
Deutschland, sich nicht gegen Covid-19 impfen zu lassen.

Methoden Daten der Studie „Kommunikation der Corona-Schutzimpfung
in Deutschland“ (CoSiD). Dies ist eine Repräsentativbefragung
der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Datenerhebung war im Juli/August 2021.
Der Fokus wurde in unserer Arbeit auf Individuen ab 60 Jahren gelegt
(n=1 281 Personen).

Ergebnisse Ca. 92% der Personen 60 Jahre und älter waren
bereits gegen Covid-19 geimpft. Unter den älteren Ungeimpften waren
knapp 60% gegen eine Impfung. Wesentliche Gründe bei
älteren (und auch jüngeren) Ungeimpften, sich „eher
nicht impfen“/“auf keinen Fall“ gegen Covid-19
impfen lassen zu wollen, waren: (1) die Impfstoffe sind zu wenig/kurz
erforscht (knapp die Hälfte) sowie (2 und 3) kein
Vertrauen/allgemeine Skepsis bzw. wegen der Nebenwirkungen (jeweils gut
ein Viertel der befragten Gruppe).

Schlussfolgerung Zur Steigerung der Impfrate sind Maßnahmen
notwendig, die diesen drei Argumenten kommunikativ z. B. im Kontext der
ärztlichen Versorgung entgegentreten.
Selen und das humane Mikrobiom
Authors: Stoll Günther
Published: July 2023

Störungen des Mikrobioms sind verbunden mit eingeschränkter
Immunresponse, metabolischen Erkrankungen, Reizdarmsyndrom,
entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen, Autoimmun- und neurologischen
Erkrankungen. Zwischen den gastrointestinalen Mikroorganismen und Selen bestehen
zahlreiche Wechselwirkungen. Das Spurenelement aktiviert die Immunantwort und
fördert die physiologische Entzündungsaktivität mit
funktionaler Downregulation. Es beeinflusst die Zusammensetzung des Mikrobioms.
Bei Selenmangel entzieht dieses seinem Wirt zusätzlich Se, bei
ausreichender Versorgung versorgt das Mikrobiom ihn mit. Eine adäquate
Supplementation trägt zu einer Eubiose bei, wodurch auch die Wirksamkeit
einer tumorreduktiven Chemotherapie unterstützt wird. Die Bestimmung des
Selenspiegels und ggf. Supplementation sind sowohl im Rahmen einer Therapie als
auch routinemäßig bei Vorsorgeuntersuchungen wichtig.

Das essenzielle Spurenelement Selen reguliert aufgrund seiner physikochemischen
Sonderstellung in der zellulären Biochemie eine Vielzahl zentraler
Stoffwechselwege. Es bestehen wichtige und teilweise konträr verlaufende
Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem Spurenelement und den gastrointestinalen
Mikroorganismen.
Mitochondrien – Funktion und funktionelle
Störungen
Authors: Müller Kurt E.
Published: July 2023

Mitochondrien sind Ort der ATP-Synthese, haben Funktionen im Abwehrsystem und
produzieren Pregnenolon als Ausgangssubstanz der Sexualhormone. Bei
unzureichender Regeneration des verbrauchten ATP kommt es zu energetischer
Erschöpfung und Manifestation depressiver Symptomatik durch
Überlastung der neuroendokrinen Stressachse. Mögliche Ursachen
sind andauernder Stress, chronische Entzündungen und Umweltschadstoffe,
die die Atmungskette beeinträchtigen und Membranen schädigen.
Oxidativer und nitrosativer Stress haben protektive Bedeutung, können
bei langer Dauer aber dem Organismus schaden. Die Beatmung von
COVID-19-Patienten bewirkt durch die Sauerstoffzufuhr einen nicht mehr
kontrollierbaren oxidativen Stress, der wahrscheinlich zum Tod durch
Mitochondriopathie führt.
Can the ACL Cross-Sectional Area Be Predicted? Size Correlation and Proportion between the ACL Cross-Sectional Area and the Femoral Intercondylar Notch Area
Authors: Iriuchishima Takanori , Goto Bunsei
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to reveal the correlation and proportion between the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) cross-sectional area and the femoral intercondylar notch area. Sixty-three subjects (33 female and 30 male) less than 50 years old were included in this study. All subjects complained of knee pain, although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no structural damage of the knee. Using the T2 axial slice of the MRI perpendicular to the bone shaft, the ACL cross-sectional area and the femoral intercondylar notch area were measured. Measurements were made at the most proximal (S1), ⅓ (S2), ⅔ (S3), and the most distal (S4) Blumensaat's line levels. The correlation and the proportion between the ACL cross-sectional area and the notch area were calculated. The ACL cross-sectional area was: S1: 35.9 ± 10mm2, S2: 59.9 ± 14mm2, S3: 67.2 ± 19.5mm2, and S4: 70.7 ± 20.3mm2. The notch area was: S1: 215.5 ± 43mm2, S2: 311.8 ± 65mm2, S3: 453.8 ± 86mm2, and S4: 503.7 ± 99.8mm2. The ACL cross-sectional area and the notch area were found to be significantly correlated at the S3 (Pearson's coefficient correlation: 0.510, p = 0.000) and S4 (Pearson's coefficient correlation: 0.529, p = 0.000) levels. The proportion of the ACL cross-sectional area to the notch area was 15% in S3 and 14% in S4. The ACL cross-sectional area was found to be significantly correlated with the femoral intercondylar notch area at the distal level of the Blumensaat's line. The ACL cross-sectional area was found to be approximately 15% of the notch area. The ACL cross-sectional area can be predicted by measuring the femoral intercondylar notch area. This finding can be useful for achieving greater accuracy in anatomical ACL reconstruction.

Level of Evidence III.
How many Latino studies programs are there? Tracking departmental growth, stagnation, and invisibility 1960–2020
Authors: Mora G. Cristina , Vargas Nicholas , Cedillo Dominic
Published: July 2023

This study provides the first systematic analysis of the founding and growth of Latino studies programs across the country. Drawing on a unique data set compiled from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), we show that even though Latinos now constitute close to 20% of the US population, less than 4% of all four-year colleges and universities have an established Latino studies program. Most Latino studies programs/departments in existence today were founded in the 1960s and 1970s, during the height of the Chicano and Puerto Rican youth movements. Since then, the rate of new program establishment has fallen considerably, despite substantial growth in the Latino college student population and Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs). Of the small number of programs founded since 2000, we find that nearly half have one or fewer core faculty allocated to them, and most are at private schools. Beyond tracking growth rates, we also provide insight into how Latino studies programs represent themselves on their websites and find a significant decline in racial and social justice discourse in recently established programs. Overall, the data shows that Latino studies departmental/programmatic growth is tenuous at best. Implications for understanding Latino public knowledge, the Latino academic pipeline, and the future of ethnic and racial relations more generally are discussed.
Chinese Aid Projects and Local Tax Attitudes: Evidence from Africa
Authors: Adera Abreham
Published: July 2023

The provision of Chinese aid to Africa is characterized by a policy of minimal conditions, whereby aid is extended to African leaders in response to their requests. This approach may afford African leaders greater discretion in expediting the implementation of Chinese aid projects. However, it also renders Chinese aid vulnerable to corruption, as leaders may exploit it to secure political favor for a specific region without the need to adjust government tax and spending policies. Such a characteristic of Chinese aid projects may ultimately shape local attitudes towards taxation and, thereby, influence state–society relations. This paper puts this claim to an empirical test using data from the Afrobarometer surveys and the AidData. The results indicate that exposure to Chinese aid projects creates negative perceptions among citizens regarding the state’s tax enforcement behavior. Interestingly, the study also reveals a positive association between Chinese aid and tax morale or compliance among citizens residing around Chinese aid projects. Noteworthily, these results are confined only to less democratic settings. A similar analysis for World Bank aid projects does not exhibit such a relationship. The findings suggest a tradeoff associated with Chinese aid. On the one hand, it promotes compliance among beneficiaries. On the other hand, it engenders weak tax enforcement perceptions. The implication is that if the negative consequences outweigh the positive ones, Chinese aid has the potential to undermine the government’s reputation for fiscal responsibility, which in turn poses challenges to the development of state capacity through robust fiscal contracts.
Undergraduate cosmic ray muon decay experiments with computer interfacing
Authors: Sutton C. Sean , MacIntire Douglas A. , Egan Susan J. , Caraley Anne
Published: July 2023

The physics departments of a consortium of higher education in Western Massachusetts, the Five Colleges Incorporated, are developing an advanced undergraduate laboratory course. The participating institutions are Amherst College, Mount Holyoke College, Smith College, and the University of Massachusetts. The course is designed to expose students to a variety of state-of-the-art equipment that would normally exceed reasonable financial commitments and faculty expertise of a single institution. The course is divided into experimental modules, one of which is the cosmic ray muon decay module developed at Smith College. The module is designed to investigate the dependence of the muon lifetime as a function of the medium in which it decays. Useful background information and a description of the module is given in this article.
Optimization of e+/e− pair yield during the interaction of a Doppler-boosted laser with a solid-density plasma
Authors: Hui De-Xuan , Hu Zhang-Hu , Mei Xian-Xiu , Wang You-Nian
Published: July 2023

The interaction of a Doppler-boosted laser with a solid-density plasma is investigated with two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, with special attention paid to the influences of laser incident angle on the yield of e+/e− pairs. With normal laser incidence, it is found that parts of plasma electrons are accelerated by the reflected laser and radiate high-energy γ-photons, which further make nearly head-on collisions with the subsequent incoming laser pulses. The nonlinear quantum parameters of the produced photons can reach 4.6, and the yield of e+/e− pairs increases by a factor of 4 compared to an incident angle of 45°. The optimization is easy to implement and can improve the signal-to-noise ratio in the experiments.
Frequency fluctuation in resonant circuit due to spatial movement of plasma
Authors: Yambe Kiyoyuki , Ishizawa Naomasa , Ohyama Iwao
Published: July 2023

In an electrical circuit with plasma generation, the resistance and reactance components on the circuit cause a phase difference between the applied voltage and the power supplied current. The resistance and reactance components are determined by the dielectric, working gas, and plasma that make up the circuit. While each component of the dielectric and working gas is constant, the plasma component varies depending on its properties. As a result, the resonant frequency in the circuit varies depending on the plasma properties. In a configuration where plasma is emitted from a quartz tube and irradiated onto a copper disk, the reactance component is inductive when the plasma is generated in a single shot. When the intensity of the dynamic electric field generated by the plasma charging on the copper disk exceeds the intensity of the dynamic electric field formed by the power supplied electrode, the reactance component is capacitive because the plasma reciprocates between the electrode and the copper disk.
Treatment with the immunocontraceptive vaccine, GonaCon, induces temporary fertility control in free-ranging prairie dog populations in Colorado, USA
Authors: Shiels Aaron B. , Runte Jackson , Ruell Emily W. , Eckery Douglas C. , Witmer Gary W. , Salkeld Daniel J.
Published: July 2023

Context Prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) are rodents enjoyed by some humans; yet, they cause crop and property damage, and carry zoonotic disease. Non-lethal control of prairie dogs is of interest in urban/suburban settings. The injectable immunocontraceptive vaccine GonaCon (active ingredient is gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH]) has been shown to be effective at reducing fertility in equine and deer, and is a US EPA-registered vaccine for use in these ungulate species. Aims To conduct a replicated field study to test efficacy of GonaCon in black-tailed prairie dogs (C. ludovicianus), and if found to be efficacious, to help facilitate the EPA registration of this product for prairie dog management in urban/suburban areas. Methods Prairie dogs were live-trapped in October–December 2018 in three treatment and three control sites. Every captured female ≥660 g was injected with 0.4 mL of either GonaCon (0.032% w/w GnRH) at treatment sites or a sham vaccine (absent of GnRH) at control sites. Juveniles and adults were counted at all six sites to establish juvenile:adult (ratio) and juvenile density in May–June 2019 (determining initial GonaCon effectiveness) and 2020 (determining persistence of contraception). Key results In 2019, the juvenile:adult ratio was significantly reduced (P = 0.0022) in GonaCon (mean ± s.e.: 0.23 ± 0.01) relative to the sham (1.10 ± 0.58) sites. Juvenile density was three times greater in sham than GonaCon sites. In 2020, GonaCon sites produced equal offspring to nearby sham sites. Conclusions GonaCon is highly effective during the first year (2019) but not in the second year (2020) if only a small area (0.6–2.8 ha) or small proportion of females in a colony is treated, such as was undertaken in this study. Implications In 2022, GonaCon−Prairie Dogs was EPA-registered. Treating whole colonies of prairie dogs at once is favoured; yet, if small or partial colony treatment is desired, then annual GonaCon treatment may be needed.
Endowing smart self-reporting epoxy composites with superior electrical properties from ultralow-content electron-donating encapsulated microsensors
Authors: Gao Jian , Wu Kangning , Zhang Zhuolin , Li Jianying , Li Shengtao
Published: July 2023

Smart self-reporting dielectrics (SRDs) have been extensively utilized for intelligentizing and miniaturizing next-generation advanced electrical and electronic devices. However, switchable structures towards the self-reporting function commonly damage electrical properties, severely undermining the reliability and practicality of SRDs. Herein, the smart self-reporting function and superior electrical properties are simultaneously achieved by incorporating ultralow content microsensors with electron-donating encapsulation into the epoxy matrix. The microsensor is a leuco dye system for self-reporting temperature anomalies through thermochromism. The strong electron-donating melamine–formaldehyde encapsulation of microsensors serves to confine the switchable structures and enhance electrical properties by constructing the interfacial barrier effect through triboelectrification. Under an ultralow doping content of 0.5 phr, the electrical conductivity of SRDs is considerably reduced by about 80% at the elevated temperature of 80 °C compared to that of the widely recognized epoxy insulation. The reduction efficiency is far superior to those of numerous micro- and nanofillers. The interfacial barrier effect can be supported by the significantly reduced trapped charge density and trap levels in SRDs based on thermal stimulated depolarization current results. Consequently, the charge injection and transport in SRDs can be distinctly inhibited, realizing the enhancement of electrical properties. The results of this study could provide a facile and efficient strategy for achieving high-performance SRDs, which is appealing and vital for widespread applications of SRDs.
The influence of annealing atmosphere on sputtered indium oxide thin-film transistors
Authors: Xiao Na , Yuvaraja Saravanan , Chettri Dhanu , Liu Zhiyuan , Lu Yi , Liao Chehao , Tang Xiao , Li Xiaohang
Published: July 2023

Indium oxide (In2O3) thin films sputtered at room temperature were annealed under different atmospheres and examined for thin-film transistor (TFT) active channel applications. The annealing process was performed in a rapid thermal annealing system at 350 °C under O2, Ar, forming gas (FG, 96% N2/4% H2), and N2. It was found that the annealed In2O3 TFTs exhibited high field-effect mobility (μ
FE > 40 cm2 V−1s−1), high on/off current ratio (I
on/off∼ 108), and controlled threshold voltage (V
TH) for the enhancement- and depletion-mode operations. Note that the annealing atmosphere has a significant effect on the electrical performance of the In2O3 TFTs by inducing changes in oxygen-related species, particularly oxygen vacancies (VO) and hydroxyl/carbonate species (O–H/C–O). For the O2-, Ar-, FG-, and N2-annealed TFTs, μ
FE was in increasing order accompanied by a negative shift in V
TH, which is a result attributed to the larger VO in the In2O3 thin films. Furthermore, the ΔV
TH of the FG-, and N2-annealed TFTs in a positive bias stress test was greater than that of the O2-, Ar-annealed devices, attributing to their lower density of O–H/C–O groups in the In2O3 thin films. Our results suggest that the annealing atmosphere contributes to the internal modifications of the In2O3 structure and in turn altered the electrical characteristics of TFTs. These annealed In2O3 TFTs with high performance are promising candidates for realizing large-area, transparent, and high-resolution displays.
Higher order topology in a Creutz ladder
Authors: Lahiri Srijata , Basu Saurabh
Published: July 2023

A Creutz ladder, is a quasi one dimensional system hosting robust topological phases with localized edge modes protected by different symmetries such as inversion, chiral and particle-hole symmetries. Non-trivial topology is observed in a large region of the parameter space defined by the horizontal, diagonal and vertical hopping amplitudes and a transverse magnetic flux that threads through the ladder. In this work, we investigate higher order topology in a two dimensional extrapolated version of the Creutz ladder. To explore the topological phases, we consider two different configurations, namely a torus (periodic boundary) and a ribbon (open boundary) to look for hints of gap closing phase transitions. We also associate suitable topological invariants to characterize the non-trivial sectors. Further, we find that the resultant phase diagram hosts two different topological phases, one where the higher order topological excitations are realized in the form of robust corner modes, along with (usual) first order excitations demonstrated via the presence of edge modes in a finite lattice, for the other.
Optical nonreciprocity in multilayer nanoisland systems of [Ag–Al2O3]
N
Authors: Noskova D , Pudonin F , Sherstnev I , Kostsov D , Boltaev A
Published: July 2023

We study the effect of optical nonreciprocity in [Ag–Al2O3]
N
multilayer structures. The percolation threshold for Ag films was found to be

d
∗

≈
2

nm

. An anomalously large optical nonreciprocity effect was found in the structures with Ag island layers. This effect appeared as a change in the reflected light polarization (

Δ
ω

) when the sample was rotated around its axis from the initial position by 180∘. The effect magnitude reached

Δ

ω

m
a
x

≈

7

∘

. We suggest that a possible mechanism for the optical nonreciprocity effect in these structures can be related to the excitation of localized plasmons in Ag islands. We show that

Δ
ω

essentially depends on the interlayer and intralayer interaction between Ag layers in multilayer structures and is suppressed in the case of strong intralayer and interlayer interaction of plasma oscillations.
High accuracy detection technique for information data under the influence of multiple factors based on fractional partial differential equations
Authors: Yanhong Zuo , Hua Cheng
Published: July 2023

In engineering practice, several factors affect the various types of information during the collection process. For example, information data measurement errors are caused by equipment performance and the working environment. During the transmission of detection information, signal distortion caused by energy loss and signal interference causes unpredictable detection errors in collected data. Through the study of fractional calculus theory, it was found that it is suitable for studying nonlinear, noncausal, and nonstationary signals, and has the dual functions of improving detection information and enhancing signal strength. Therefore, under the influence of many factors, we applied the fractional difference algorithm to the field of information-data processing. A multisensor detection data fusion algorithm based on the fractional partial differential equation was adopted to establish online detection data. A multi-sensor detection data fusion algorithm based on a fractional partial differential equation was established, which effectively fuses the information data detection errors caused by various influencing factors and significantly improves the detection accuracy of information data. The effectiveness of this method was experimentally demonstrated by its application.
Effect of dual sintering with laser irradiation and thermal treatment on printed copper nanoparticle patterns
Authors: Chowdhury Rajib , Young Karl , Poche Thomas J , Jang Seonhee
Published: July 2023

The dual sintering of copper (Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) was introduced to produce conductive patterns suitable for flexible electronics applications. In this method, laser irradiation using a Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm was performed at laser powers of 400, 600 and 800 mJ. The laser irradiation time was 15 and 30 s for each laser power. After laser irradiation, all of the Cu NP patterns were thermally sintered under formic acid vapors. The temperature and time for thermal treatment were selected as 260 °C and 15 min, respectively. The resultant physical, chemical, electrical and mechanical properties were evaluated and compared considering the six different dual sintering conditions. The Cu NP patterns sintered using 800 mJ for 30 s showed increased necking and coalescence compared to the other patterns and featured a microstructure with increased density. Despite being oxidized, the Cu NP patterns sintered with 800 mJ for 30 s showed the lowest electrical resistivity of 11.25 μΩ cm. The surface of every sintered Cu pattern was oxidized, and mechanical hardness increased with increasing laser power. The Cu NP pattern sintered with 800 mJ for 30 s demonstrated the highest hardness of 48.64 N mm−2. After sintering using the six different conditions, the Cu NP patterns exhibited a weight loss of 0.02–3.87 wt%, and their roughness varied in the range of 26.15–74.08 nm. This can be attributed to the effective removal of organic residues and the degree of particle agglomeration. After performing folding tests up to 50 cycles, Cu NP patterns showed an upward trend in resistance with increasing laser power and time. The highest and lowest resistance ratios were observed as 3.97 and 17.24 for the patterns sintered at 400 mJ for 15 s and 800 mJ for 30 s, respectively.