bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The social construction of sexual violence for female politicians
Authors: Putri Tri Vena , Suyanto Bagong
Published: September 2021

The phenomenon of sexual violence is illustrated as the iceberg phenomenon. Every year the number of cases of sexual violence increases. Among the victims of sexual violence, women are the most common ones. This study aimed to examine how the social construction of sexual violence from the side of women as female politicians. The research method was qualitative. Primary data were obtained through observation and in-depth interviews. The theory employed was the social construction theory by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann. The results showed that in the externalization process, sexual violence is a reality that still has weaknesses in its handling in Indonesia due to the existence of patriarchal values in society. The objectification process resulted in a debate between the use of the KUHP and the Elimination of Sexual Violence Bill (RUU PKS) as the legal basis for sexual violence. The internalization process is a reinterpretation of sexual violence after externalization and objectivation. This study concludes, in this process, female politicians interpret sexual violence as an act of attacking the sexuality of the victim which damages the physical and psychological aspects.
The genus Phyllocyclus (Gentianaceae) in Thailand
Authors:   Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand., Sisakhon Kotchaphan , Chayamarit Kongkanda ,   Forest Herbarium, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, 61 Phahonyothin Road, Ladyao, Chatuchak,  Bangkok 10900, Thailand, Wongkantrakorn Narong ,   Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, Middleton David ,   Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569, Kiewbang Wittawat ,   Forest Economics Bureau, Royal Forest Department, 61 Phahonyothin Road, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, Salee Watchara ,   Office of National Park, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, Vajrodaya Srunya ,   Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Published: September 2021

An account of the genus Phyllocyclus (Gentianaceae) for Thailand is presented. Three species are recognized, including two recently reported species, Phyllocyclus petelotii and P. parishii. A key to the Thai species, descriptions, illustrations, and conservation status are provided.
New enzymatic method for estimating fumaric acid in wines
Authors: Fernández-Vázquez Daniel , Rozès Nicolas , Canals Joan Miquel , Bordons Albert , Reguant Cristina , Zamora Fernando
Published: September 2021

This work aims to develop a new enzymatic method for analysing fumaric acid in wines. Fumaric acid is a very effective lactic acid bacteria inhibitor that is widely used in the food industry as an additive (E297). Using it to inhibit malolactic fermentation has recently been authorized by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV). However, the official analytical method for fumaric acid involves the classical HPLC method for organic acids, which is overly complicated for use in wineries. This research proposes a very simple and efficient enzymatic method that allows the simultaneous determination of L-malic acid and fumaric acid. The method uses a commercial enzymatic kit for L-malic acid and adds a supplementary step in which the fumarase enzyme is added to transform fumaric acid into L-malic acid. The results obtained show that this method could be used in different media (synthetic solution, white wine, red wine and white grape juice). This article also proposes a modification of the enzymatic method to be applied when the L-malic acid concentration of the sample is very high.
Adaptive modeling of experimental conditions in the processing of food products (chilled fish) by the flow of accelerated electrons
Authors: Timakova R. T.
Published: September 2021

The use of mathematical modeling in various branches of the food industry as an effective tool for the policy of resource conservation of food systems is an innovative solution in the field of improving the efficiency of existing food production technologies based on established patterns in the production process. The issues of operational quality control in the process of processing food products with a stream of accelerated electrons in the absence of radiation doses regulated by standards, except for certain types of spices, to ensure the safety and quality of food products, in particular chilled fish, require a constructive approach with the general predictability of technological parameters in specialized radiation centers – operators of the irradiator. It was found that the dose absorbed by the samples of common carp scales with a high degree of correlation of 0.94 depends on the actual radiation dose and increases to 7.51±0.04 kGy when irradiated with a dose of 12 kGy or 25.9 times compared to samples treated with a stream of accelerated electrons with a radiation dose of 1 kGy. It is revealed that the operational quality is determined by the reproducibility of the results under the established conditions of the production processing process. As a result of experimental testing, mathematical models of various types were developed to predict the absorbed dose from experimental conditions on the example of samples of chilled carp scales: polynomial, 3D-graph and arccos. The practical significance is determined by the possibility of designing experimental conditions for processing chilled fish with a stream of accelerated electrons without performing trial processing of small batches of food products in radiation centers and using emitters as a model for technological runs.
Complex estimation system for smokeless nicotine containing products
Authors: Shkidyuk M. V. , Don T. A. , Bedritskaya O. K.
Published: September 2021

Smokeless nicotine containing products are very diverse and offered in flavored tobacco/non tobacco forms, packed in portioned sachets of different mass, dimensions, and colors, with different nicotine content. In RF of chewing tobacco is regulated by Federal law № 268, sucking tobacco (snus) is prohibited for wholesale and retail trade according to FL № 456. Federal law № 303 equates consuming of non tobacco nicotine containing products for chewing and sucking to tobacco consumption. Absence of regulations for nicotine containing products with similar package, but different in composition and physiological effect requires elaboration methods for complex estimation of smokeless products with methods verification in order to their control. Monitoring of studies conducted in various scientific centers on the issue of toxicological assessment of smokeless tobacco / non-tobacco nicotine-containing products has been carried Analysis of consumer’s indicators of smokeless products includes organoleptic testing and measuring nicotine content as toxicity indicator. It is discovered that nicotine content in studied samples varies from 0.3 to 7.6 %. Quantity of absorbed nicotine during cigarette smoking is criterion of sufficient nicotine concentration in smokeless products, extracted through oral mucosa. Base (carrier) for non tobacco products is usually powdered microcrystal cellulose or grinded plant matter (peppermint) of different flavor and color. Structure of smokeless products is defined and their identification features are offered, including extra feature – tobacco presence in product, defined by presence of tobacco specific nitrosamines. As the result of the researches adoption of nicotine content limit of 20 – 30 mg per portion is offered. Complex estimation system for smokeless products is elaborated. It includes: organoleptic testing of consumer’s properties, spectrophotometric method for nicotine content measuring, thermogravimetric determination of the mass fraction of moisture, optical microscopy and luminiscence analysis for defining product structure in order to its identification, gas chromatography for defining humectants and LC-MS for measuring content of tobacco specific nitrosaminescontent.
Development of a probiotic consortium for people with cancer
Authors: Vesnina A. D. , Prosekov A. Y. , Kozlova O. V. , Kurbanova M. G. , Kozlenko E. A. , Golubtsova Y. V.
Published: September 2021

According to the World Health Organization, oncological diseases are a common cause of mortality in the population, as a result of which the development of measures aimed at the prevention of carcinogenesis is urgent. This study is devoted to obtaining a probiotic consortium consisting of bacteria isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a healthy person, with the further prospect of its use in anticancer therapy in the form of a biologically active additive (BAA) in specialized food products. The object of the study was bacteria isolated from the feces of a healthy person, and consortia based on them. The identification of bacteria and the study of antimicrobial, antioxidant activity, antitumor properties, resistance to antibiotics, acidic medium and bile of bacteria and consortia based on them were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The results of the study are the formation of consortia of isolated and identified bacteria: № 1 – B. bifidum, B. breve, L. plantarum, L. acidophilus, № 2 – B. bifidum, B. breve, L. plantarum, L. fermentum, № 3 – B. breve, L. fermentum, S. salivarius, № 4 – B. breve, L. fermentum, S. thermophiles exhibiting probiotic properties. Consortium № 2 showed antimicrobial activity to the largest number of test cultures; moderate resistance to the largest number of antibiotics – № 1 and № 2; the highest antioxidant activity – № 1, the most pronounced anti-cancer properties in relation to HepG2, LBR2, MDA-MB-231, U87 and Panc-1 – № 4, and to MCF-7 – № 3; the greatest resistance to environments with low acidity and bile – № 2. According to the results of the study, it can be said that the isolated strains, like the consortia based on them, had antimicrobial, antioxidant activity, showed an antitumor effect, resistance to antibiotics, bile and an acidic environment, so that they can be used as probiotic agents in the form of dietary supplements and specialized lactic acid products for the prevention of carcinogenesis.
Biopolymers and its application as electroactive polymers
Authors: Olvera Bernal Rigel Antonio , Uspenskaya M. V. , Olekhnovich R. O.
Published: September 2021

Smart materials are a group of materials that exhibit the ability to change their composition or structure, their electrical and/or mechanical properties, or even their functions in response to an external stimulus such as heat, light, electricity, pressure, etc. Some of the advantages of these materials are: lightweight, flexibility, low cost of production, high energy density, fast response and compact size. One of the promises in the area of smart materials can be found in “smart polymer”. Polymers have many attractive characteristics, such as: lightweight, inexpensiveness, fractures tolerant, and pliable. Furthermore, they can be configured into almost any conceivable shape and their properties can be tailored according to the required needs. The capability of electroactive polymers (EAPs) to respond to electrical stimuli with a mechanical response, is attracting the attention of the scientific community from a wide range of disciplines. Biopolymers in recent decades have been studied as potential electroactive materials. These groups of polymers are extracted from a natural source; thus, they are eco-friendly, additionally they stand as a cheaper solution for the development of smart materials.The present manuscript will explore some of its applications as EAPs.
Features of property management of corporations of the military-industrial complex in the production of high-tech products
Authors: Rogov N. V. , Kazmina I. V.
Published: September 2021

In the context of the systemic reform of the Russian economy, there is a tendency to the emergence of corporations in various sectors of the national economy. The military-industrial complex is no exception. The article deals with the specifics of property management of corporations of the military-industrial complex in the production of high-tech products. To achieve the strategic goals of the corporation, it is necessary to develop a strategy based on objective forecasts of the development of the arms market, taking into account potential external and internal risks, as well as an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the corporation. Corporate governance is based on the existing norms in the field of financial activities, securities, labor relations in the labor market, contractual obligations, and contractual activities between enterprises. It is proved that the adaptive development of corporations of the military-industrial complex directly depends on the competent organization of financial activities, as well as within its framework of credit and investment activities. The article presents the balance sheet model of financing of the defense industry corporation, which allows to form the budget of the defense industry corporation, based on the allocation of financial resources for the operation and development of the main activities of the defense industry corporation. One of the most important tasks of managing the property of corporations of the military-industrial complex is to provide opportunities for scientific and technological development, which, after commercialization, can create key strategic competitive advantages for enterprises of the defense industry corporation.
Mathematical model of the process of ultrafiltration concentration of secondary milk raw materials in tubular membrane devices with filtering elements of BTU 05/2 type
Authors: Rodionov D. A. , Lazarev S. I. , Protasov D. N. , Abonosimov O. A. , Polyansky K. K.
Published: September 2021

For the qualitative application of ultrafiltration processes for the concentration and purification of food solutions, both experimental studies and a mathematical description of the processes of the membrane separation process of solutions from the standpoint of the development of computational mathematical models are required. In this work, by analytical solution of equations, that is, by the method of finite differences, mathematical equations are solved. To obtain the system, the flow continuity equations, convective diffusion equations, Navier-Stokes equations and flow equations with boundary conditions were solved in order to build a mathematical model of the process of ultrafiltration protein concentration in cheese whey in the production of rennet cheeses. As a result of the analytical solution of the equations, a system of mathematical equations was obtained that allows one to construct a profile of changes in the flow rates of the solution along the cross-section of the intermembrane channel and to determine the protein concentration in cheese whey along the length of the tubular ultrafiltration element BTU 05/2 of industrial type. The obtained mathematical model makes it possible to theoretically describe the process of ultrafiltration protein concentration in cheese whey along the entire length of the membrane channel of the tubular element under laminar and transient regimes of solution flow. The resulting system of mathematical equations makes it possible to find the numerical values of the mass flow rate of cheese whey, make it possible to calculate the specific output flow when the transmembrane pressure changes and to calculate the concentration of solutes in the secondary milk raw materials on the left and right ultrafiltration membrane of the intermembrane channel. The adequacy of the developed mathematical model was carried out by comparing the calculated and experimental data on the specific output flow when the transmembrane pressure in the intermembrane channel changes from 0.1 to 0.25 MPa with ultrafiltration concentration of cheese whey. The deviation of the calculated data found by the mathematical model from experimental studies obtained on a semi-industrial tubular ultrafiltration plant BTU 05/2 using semipermeable membranes, in which the active layer is made of fluoroplastic, hemisulphone and polyethersulfone, did not exceed 10%.
Mutual effect of labour market development and COVID-19 pandemic progression
Authors: Shishkina N. V. , Mamistova E. A. , Sabetova T. V.
Published: September 2021

This paper tackles the economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the labor markets and human capital. Specifically, it looks into the issues the pandemic brought upon the human resources and personnel during coronavirus lockdowns. The high level of globalization characteristic of the modern economy has only exacerbated the negative impact of the pandemic. At the moment, it remains impossible to assess the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the damage caused to the economies of countries and regions by this event. However, it is possible to identify the main directions of analysis of the consequences of the pandemic, including in terms of the impact on the state of the labor market, which was the main goal of this study. In particular, the authors highlight a number of consequences, the work on overcoming which is still to be done by the Russian socio-economic system. The most obvious of them is the growth of unemployment, the release of part of the employed and the reduction in the number of jobs, and this is observed extremely unevenly across the sectors of the economy. Nevertheless, the authors point out that the problem of staff release is aggravated by the size of the share of informal employment in the labor market, especially in the sectors of public catering, leisure and tourism that have been most affected by the pandemic. As the second important problem, the authors point to ineffective staff reduction, the dismissal of useful and valuable employees of some organizations while maintaining an unnecessarily bloated staff of others. It also mentions the reasons and forms of staff retention, some of which, being either forced or economically and technologically attractive, give rise to additional problems. The authors call an important social consequence of the pandemic a reduction in the number and level of personal contacts in society, in particular, in working groups. As a result, the author's vision of the long-term consequences of current events for the state of the labor market, employment of the population and the economy as a whole is proposed.)
Study of the kinetic regularities of the grain extrusion process in the production of highly digestible feed with protected protein for cattle
Authors: Afanasiev V. A. , Frolova L. N. , Sizikov K. A. , Ostrikov A. N. , Vasilenko V. N.
Published: September 2021

The problem of developing of highly digestible compound feeds with protected protein for cattle is due to the specifics of the gastric tract of cows and the peculiarities of protein assimilation. Due to the importance of preliminary moisture-heat treatment of grain for the subsequent course of the extrusion process, it was carried out by steam at a pressure of 0.6 МРа before moistening the feed to a humidity of 17–20% and heating to a temperature of 70–80° C. It is established that heat treatment has a significant effect on the carbohydrate complex of grain: heating it at high temperatures causes the destruction of starch, accompanied by the formation of easily soluble carbohydrates, which has a positive effect on the digestibility of feed. The kinetic regularities of the processes of moisture-heat treatment, grinding and extrusion of grain in the production of highly digestible feed with protected protein for cattle were studied. The degree of dextrinization and the digestibility of starch increased with the heating temperature of corn and its mixtures with wheat up to 100–110° C, when the performance of the extruder was 300–320 kg/h, the digestibility of starch extruded corn and grain mixture is increased to 85 and 68 mg of glucose per 1 g of the product (hereinafter mg/g), respectively. For wheat, this indicator is lower and, accordingly, is 50 mg/g. When heated during the extrusion of corn to a temperature of up to 120–140° C, the digestibility of starch was 100–110 mg/g, and for the grain mixture – 80–83 mg/g. At this temperature, the digestibility of the starch of extruded wheat corresponded to 60–65 mg/g. The optimal moisture content of feed in the process of extrusion for the purpose of forming pellets is 18%. Studies of the extrusion effect on the carbohydrate complex of processed feed have shown that the destruction of starch in the extruded product increases. Thus, the content of soluble carbohydrates increases by 27–32%, and the digestibility of starch increases twice in extruded feed compared to unprocessed.
Methods for optimizing the delivery of goods to consumers by several vehicles
Authors: Bugaev Y. V. , Korobova L. A. , Gudkov S. V.
Published: September 2021

Freight transport is one of the most important sectors of the national economy. The increase in the efficiency of the logistics company is ensured by the accurate organization of supplies, as well as the timely delivery of goods to the points of the route. That is why there is a need to optimize the delivery of goods. A delivery task is a transport task of delivering oversized cargo from a distribution center to a multitude of recipients located in the area of operation of a transport company. It is a generalization of the well-known traveling salesman problem, from which it differs in the condition of the limited carrying capacity of the vehicle used and, as a consequence, the need to repeatedly return to the base to replenish the transported cargo. This article proposes to supplement the traditional formulation of the problem with the requirement to distribute customers among several simultaneously operating vehicles (TC) so that the maximum lead time is minimal. This takes into account not only the interests of the delivery contractor, but also the customers. The solution to the problem consists of two stages. On the first one, in some known way, rational ring routes for each vehicle are determined, minimizing the total mileage. Based on the results of the stage, the time for passing each route is calculated. At the second stage, the problem of reducing the maximum travel time of routes is solved by using several vehicles delivering at the same time. To do this, it is necessary to optimally distribute vehicles along individual routes. It is proposed to use the algorithm for solving the well-known problem "Packing items into containers" to solve this problem. This problem belongs to the class of NP-hard problems in the strong sense and does not have an exact solution algorithm for arbitrary input data. This paper proposes a complex solution method combining the well-known First fitted (FF) algorithm, the original First fitted with reordering (FFR) algorithm, and S. Martello's lower bounds and P. Thoth to control the optimality of the obtained solution. Test calculations have shown the effectiveness of this approach for a moderate dimension of the problem.
Specifics of economic security of entrepreneurship
Authors: Zhurkina T. A. , Narolina J. V. , Ponomarenko M. V.
Published: September 2021

Entrepreneurship, being the basis of the market economy and developing steadily, contributes to the strengthening of economic stability in the country, to the full satisfaction of the needs of the population. The issues of economic security of entrepreneurship are poorly covered in the economic literature. Many scientists believe that the economic security of production is part of the system of economic security of the state, since without a normally functioning economy it is impossible to ensure the economic security of any type of entrepreneurial activity. Economic security in a broad sense reflects the ability of an enterprise to ensure its sustainable development while minimizing the negative impact of internal and external threats. This is a kind of barrier or protection against threats and losses. The authors have analyzed the economic security of the activities of Borodinskoye LLC in the Belgorod region. The internal and external factors of economic security have been studied in detail in the course of the SWOT analysis, the strengths and weaknesses of the enterprise's activities in the framework of ensuring its economic security have been identified. The proposed measures aimed at minimizing losses, reducing threats and increasing the sustainability of the enterprise. In the authors’ opinion, special attention should be paid to human resources and the development of an effective personnel motivation system. The authors have calculated the possibility of introducing progressive production technology, paying special attention to pricing policy. According to the forecast, revenue by 2022 will increase by 38%, the cost of the main types of products will decrease by 5–25%, profit will increase 2.3 times, and the profitability level will be 25.1%.
Building an innovative QMS and its functioning using a digital platform
Authors: Denisova Y. V. , Sopin V. F. , Kachmarzhik А. А.
Published: September 2021

In today's economic environment, businesses are forced to operate in a highly competitive, complex and volatile environment. A distinctive feature of the current conditions is also the fact that in addition to the increasing demand for goods and services of high quality among consumers, the demand for innovative products is increasing. Against the background of the continuous development of technologies in various fields, enterprises began to actively introduce them to create innovative products. At the same time, enterprises striving to strengthen their positions in the market faced the problem of constantly reducing the development and production of innovative products while maintaining a high level of quality. It is currently impossible to solve this problem without digitalization of enterprises, which means the introduction of digital technologies not only in production and technology, but also in financial and organizational and managerial areas. From these positions, it seems relevant to develop organizational and management methods aimed at improving the innovative development of the enterprise. The authors of the article presented a model of an innovative QMS, built on the basis of the integration of a quality management system and an innovation management system using a digital platform as a basis for the creation and effective functioning of a modern enterprise. Within the framework of this model, the possibility of applying the process approach to the construction of an innovative QMS was considered, measures for its creation were developed, and an assessment of the planned economic effect from the introduction of an innovative QMS was given.
Modeling of mass transfer processes during dehydration of air-dried fish
Authors: Ershov M. A. , Ershov A. M. , Lyzhin E. V. , Grohovskiy V. A. , Dimova Z. G.
Published: September 2021

The study addresses the problems of the Fisheries industry development in the Murmansk region. It has been acknowledged that the percentage of the frozen fish in the output of hydrobionts food products is about 90 %. The focus areas for the Russian Fisheries industry are the increasing share of products with high added value and the development of the domestic consumer market of fishery products. It has been found that the air-dried and dried fish products with defined organoleptic properties is traditionally in strong demand with the population. However, the range of air-dried and dried fish products available for the consumers is rather limited. Moreover, there is a very small part of air-dried and dried fish in the total volume of hydrobionts food products. It is possible to increase the efficiency of air-dried and dried fish production by using the scientific-based process solutions, which allow to reduce the production costs and improve the consumer properties of the finished products. This paper presents the aspects of generalization of the dehydration processes in the production of dried, air-dried and smoked fish. A link between the initial, critical moisture content of fish and the potential conductivity of mass transfer coefficients has been established. A mathematical relation for calculating the duration and modeling the kinetics of drying processes in production of dried and air-dried fish has been determined. The equations for calculating the water diffusion coefficients in the critical points of the kinetics curve have been obtained. The combined use of the received patterns allows to model the dehydration processes when producing the air-dried and dried fish products, calculate the drying time, determine the moisture diffusion coefficients and build dependencies of water distribution in the thickness of the processed object.
Development of technology of highly accessible compound feeds with vacuum spraying of liquid components
Authors: Afanasiev V. A. , Ostrikov A. N. , Bogomolov I. S. , Filiptsov P. V. , Frolova L. N.
Published: September 2021

The technology of production of compound feeds for agricultural (pigs) and unproductive (dogs, cats) animals, as well as for fur-bearing animals (minks, arctic foxes, sables) and valuable fish (sturgeon, trout, etc.), in which the replacement of expensive components of animal origin (fish meal, meat and bone meal, blood meal, offal), for extruded vegetable high-protein components (soy, sunflower or rapeseed meal, lupine, peas, soy) is carried out. The use of vacuum spraying of thermolabile liquid components (amino acids, protein-vitamin-mineral additives, vitamins, fats) on the surface of extruded pellets will allow you to obtain highly digestible feed. The kinetic regularities of the studied processes of humidification and steaming, extrusion, drying/cooling and draining are determined, and their rational modes are revealed. The technological scheme of the line for the production of highly digestible compound feeds has been developed, which includes the following equipment: hopper; extruder; dryer-cooler; liquid component injection plant, draining machine; conveyor and finished product hopper. According to the technical characteristics (overall dimensions, weight, occupied area, drive power, uniformity of application of fat on the surface of granules), the manufactured coating machine and the liquid component injection unit exceed the best world analogues. The technology of vacuum mixing with the introduction of liquid components will ensure their uniform distribution over the entire volume, reduce the duration of mixing, which will increase the productivity of the vacuum mixer and reduce energy consumption. The developed technology and promising types of technological equipment (mixer, extruder, vacuum sprayer, dryer-cooler) will make it possible to obtain highly digestible feed of a new generation with a protein content of 60 %, fat content of 40 %, with the introduction of growth stimulants, biologically active additives. An increase in the protein and fat complex will increase the digestibility of compound feeds by 10-12 %, increase weight gain by 10-12 % and reduce feed conversion by 15 %.
Diffusion Analysis With High and Low Concentration Regions by Finite Difference Method, Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System, and Bilayered Neural Network Method
Authors: Shao Qike , Faizollahzadeh Ardabili Sina , Mafarja Majdi , Turabieh Hamza , Zhang Qian , Band Shahab S. , Chau Kwok-Wing , Mosavi Amir
Published: September 2021

The diffusion of molecules in aqueous solutions in the domain of membrane technology is very critical in the efficiency of chemical engineering and purification processes. In this study, the diffusion in high and low concentration regions is simulated with finite difference method (FDM), and then the results of numerical computations are coupled with adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and bilayered neural network method (BNNM). Machine learning approach can individually predict diffusion phenomena across the domain based on understanding of the machine instead of the discretization of an ordinary differential equation (ODE). The findings of the machine learning method are in good agreement with those of FDM at different times of the simulation. In addition to numerical computation, the error of the system is computed for different iterations. The results show that by increasing the number of iterations and training datasets, all errors reduce significantly for both training and testing. BNN method is also used to train the prediction process of diffusion for a more accurate comparison. This technique is similar to ANFIS method in terms of prediction capability. According to the findings, ANFIS approach predicts diffusion slightly better than BNN method. In this regard, ANFIS technique produces R>0.99 while BNN method produces R around 0.98. Both machine learning methods are accurate enough to predict diffusion throughout the domain for different time steps. The computational time for both algorithms is less than that of FDM method to predict low and high concentrations in the domain. Besides, based on the results, artificial intelligence (AI) can find the relationship between inputs and outputs and determine which input has the main influence on the output in this study to optimize the process. As such, future studies can be focused on AI and other methods for faster prediction and optimization processes.
Efficient Data Sorting Introducing a New Method
Authors: Devidas Raghavendra , Kulkarni Aishwarya
Published: September 2021

The efficiency of data sorting algorithms is the key aspect which determines the speed of data processing and searching. The best known efficiency of sorting algorithm has been Log (N) if there are N terms. All of the well-known sorting algorithms use various techniques to sort data. The basis for most of these are comparing the data terms with each other. In this manuscript, we are introducing a new approach for sorting data. This method is postulated to have the highest efficiency ever achieved by any of the sorting algorithms. We achieve this by sorting data without comparing the data terms. Or achieving results of data comparison without comparing the terms explicitly.
Inverse spectral boundary problem Sturm Liouville type with constant delay and non-zero initial function
Authors: Pikula Milenko , Nedić Dragana , Kalco Ismet , Kvesić Ljiljanka
Published: September 2021

This paper is dedicated to solving of the direct and inverse spectral problem for Sturm Liouville type of operator with constant delay from 𝜋/2 to 𝜋, non-zero initial function and Robin’s boundary conditions. It has been proved that two series of eigenvalues unambiguously define the following parameters: delay, coefficients of delay within boundary conditions, the potential on the segment from the point of delay to the right-hand side of the distance and the product of the starting function and potential from the left end of the distance to the delay point.
Comparison of Single Linkage, Complete Linkage, and Average Linkage Methods on Community Welfare Analysis in Cities and Regencies in East Java
Authors: Reinaldi Yanuwar , Ulinnuha Nurissaidah , Hafiyusholeh Moh.
Published: September 2021

Community welfare is one of the important points for a region and is also the essence of national development. The welfare of the people in Indonesia is fairly unequal, especially in East Java. To be able to map an area to the welfare of its people in East Java, one way that can be used is to use clustering. The hierarchical clustering method is one of the clustering methods for grouping data. In hierarchical clustering, single linkage, complete linkage, and average linkage methods are suitable methods for grouping data, which will compare the best method to use. The results of the calculation show that the average linkage method with three clusters is the best calculation with a silhouette index value of 0.6054, with the 1st cluster there are 23 regions, namely the city/district with the highest community welfare, the 2nd cluster there are 11 regions, namely cities/districts with moderate social welfare, and in the third cluster there are 4 regions, namely cities/districts with the lowest community welfare.
Spatially resolved transcriptomics reveals gene signatures underlying the vulnerability of human middle temporal gyrus in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chen Shuo , Chang Yuzhou , Li Liangping , Acosta Diana , Morrison Cody , Wang Cankun , Julian Dominic , Hester Mark , Serrano Geidy , Beach Thomas , Ma Qin , Fu Hongjun (Harry)
Published: September 2021

Human middle temporal gyrus (MTG) is a vulnerable brain region in early Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this regional vulnerability. Here we use the 10x Visium platform to define the spatial topography of gene expression in the MTG from both early AD and control cases. We identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enriched pathways that may contribute to the layer-specific vulnerability of AD pathology. Also, gene co-expression analyses reveal four gene modules, which significantly change their co-expression patterns in the presence of variations of AD pathology. Furthermore, we validate the changes of key representative DEGs that are associated with AD pathology using single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization. In summary, we provide a rich resource for the spatial transcriptomic profile of the human MTG, which will contribute to our understanding of the complex architecture and AD pathology of this vulnerable brain region.
Intragenerational Social Mobility and Preventive Behaviors regarding COVID-19: A Case Study of the Slum and Non-Slum People in Dhaka City
Authors: Azad Abul Kalam Azad , Mohinee Anika Nowrin Khan Mohinee , Shamme Shamme Akter , Tanvir Md. Tanvir Mahtab , Iqbal PhD Md. Hafiz
Published: September 2021

Background: The policy design for eliminating health inequality from social mobility perspective has been prioritized in the sociological studies. The World Economic Forum has also developed Global Social Mobility Index taking into account the fixing of social inequality including health inequality. Unfortunately, the policy design and explanation for preventive behavior gap regarding COVID-19 from social mobility perspective has hitherto been an unexplained phenomenon in Bangladeshi context. This study, hence, evaluates the effectiveness of Health Belief Model (HBM) in explaining the preventive behavior gap index (PBGI) regarding COVID-19 in relation to Blau and Duncan’s socioeconomic status (SES) index and explores other extraneous factors. Methods: The study follows explanatory sequential mixed-method approach. In the first phase, the study has conducted pilot test for confirmatory factor analysis. The second phase is also quantitative in nature which follows the perfectly experimental research design. In this regard, the study first used SPSS software (Windows version 25) and then converting into CSV format linked with SmartPLS 3 for developing structural equation model. In the third phase, qualitative data were collected using key informant interview to explore other extraneous factors that can explain the preventive behaviors of slum and non-slum peoples of Bangladesh regarding COVID-19.Results: The high SES index score of non-slum people have positively significant effect on their PBGI regarding COVID-19 mediated through perception gap index (PGI) while the low SES index score of slum people have negatively non-significant effect on the same constructs. Conclusions: The HBM as dysfunctional should be revisited in line with the free provision of protective equipment for understanding the health behavior of those people who live from hands to mouth.
Persistence of antibodies against Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 in health care workers post double dose of BBV-152 and AZD1222 vaccines
Authors: Choudhary Hari Ram , Parai Debaprasad , Dash Girish Chandra , Kshatri Jaya Singh , Mishra Narayan , Choudhary Prasanta Kumar , Pattnaik Dipti , Panigrahi Kumudini , Behera Susmita , Sahoo Nihar Ranjan , Podder Sreeparna , Mishra Adyasha , Raghav Sunil Kumar , Mishra Sanjeeb Kumar , Pradhan Subrat Kumar , Sahoo Subrat Kumar , Pattnaik Matrujyoti , Rout Usha Kiran , Nanda Rashmi Ranjan , Mondal Nityananda , Kanungo Srikanta , Palo Subrata Kumar , Bhattacharya Debdutta , Pati Sanghamitra
Published: September 2021

Rationale: Vaccine rollout in India was initiated in mid-January, 2021 and is supposed to be the only antidote against SARS-CoV-2 as of now.Objectives: To study the dynamicity of vaccine-induced IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2.Methodology: The present cross-sectional cohort study was undertaken to determine IgG antibody among health care workers with completed dose of either Covaxin or Covishield and were followed for 24 weeks after first dose of either vaccine to record the periodic changes in titre, concentration, clinical growth and persistence of vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.Results: Serum samples were collected from 614 participants during each follow-up and tested them in two CLIA-based platforms for testing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies both qualitatively and quantitatively. Among these participants, 308 (50.2%) were Covishield recipient and rest 306 (49.8%) took Covaxin. A total of 81 breakthrough cases was recorded among the cohort participants for whom infection post vaccination acted as booster. The rest 533 heath care workers without any history of post-vaccination infection showed significant antibody waning either from T3 (Covaxin recipient) or T4 (Covishield recipient).Conclusion: The clinical implications of waning antibody levels post vaccination are not well understood, and it remains crucial to establish S-antibody thresholds associated with protection against clinical outcomes.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Bolivia (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Rogner Holger , Quirós-Tortós Jairo , Angulo-Paniagua Jam
Published: September 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to energy system modelling, causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Bolivia, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020-2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Analysis of Klotho Protein Level in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Concurrent Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Different Manifestations
Authors: Kespleri E. V. , Polunina O. S. , Аkhmineeva A. Kh. , Polunina E. А. , Voronina P. N.
Published: September 2021

The objective: to compare the level of Klotho protein in patients with myocardial infarction (M I) and concurrent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and patients with COPD only with consideration of specific manifestations of COPD (severity of symptoms and risk of exacerbations).Subjects and Methods. 144 patients were examined and divided into the following groups: MI + COPD Group - patients with MI and concurrent COPD (60 patients), COPD Group - patients with COPD (54 patients) and HI Group - somatically healthy individuals (30 people). The patients were divided into subgroups (A, B, C, D) according to the GOLD 2019 classification. Enzyme immunoassay was used to test the level of Klotho.Results. A statistically significant lower level of Klotho was detected in patients in MI + COPD Group compared to COPD Group and healthy individuals. Patients in the subgroups with severe symptoms (B and D) in both the COPD and MI + COPD Groups had statistically significantly lower levels of Klotho compared to those in the subgroups with no symptoms (A and C). Among patients with MI + COPD in subgroups A, B, C, D, the Kloto level was statistically significantly lower versus the patients of the corresponding subgroups in COPD Group. The lowest level of Klotho was detected in MI + COPD and COPD Groups in patients of subgroup D, that was in patients with severe symptoms and frequent exacerbations of COPD. The data obtained were confirmed by correlation analysis results. It was found that in MI + COPD and COPD Groups, the level of Klotho had a negative correlation with both the severity of symptoms and number of COPD exacerbations. Correlations were the strongest between the level of Klotho and parameters characterizing the severity of COPD symptoms.
Fermionic duality: General symmetry of open systems with strong dissipation and memory
Authors: Bruch Valentin , Nestmann Konstantin , Schulenborg Jens , Wegewijs Maarten
Published: September 2021

We consider the exact time-evolution of a broad class of fermionic open
quantum systems with both strong interactions and strong coupling to
wide-band reservoirs. We present a nontrivial fermionic duality relation
between the evolution of states (Schrödinger) and of observables
(Heisenberg).
We show how this highly nonintuitive relation can be understood and
exploited in analytical calculations within all canonical approaches
to quantum dynamics, covering Kraus measurement operators, the
Choi-Jamiołkowski state, time-convolution and convolutionless quantum
master equations and generalized Lindblad jump operators. We discuss the
insights this offers into the divisibility and causal structure of the
dynamics and the application to nonperturbative Markov approximations
and their initial-slip corrections. Our results underscore that
predictions for fermionic models are already fixed by
fundamental principles to a much greater extent than previously thought.