bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excess heat production of the pair annihilation of ionic vacancies in a copper redox reaction using a double bipolar MHD electrode
Authors: Miura Makoto , Sugiyama Atsushi , Oshikiri Yoshinobu , Morimoto Ryoichi , Mogi Iwao , Miura Miki , Yamauchi Yusuke , Aogaki Ryoichi
Published: January 2024

Through a copper double bipolar magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) electrode (MHDE) producing twice the amounts of ionic vacancies than a conventional single MHDE, the molar excess heat of the pair annihilation of ionic vacancies, 702 kJ mol−1 at 10 T on average was obtained in a copper redox reaction. It was about twice as large as that of a single MHDE, 387 kJ mol−1 at the same magnetic field. This result strongly suggests that a multi-channel bipolar MHDE will produce much greater excess heat. To conserve the linear momentum and electric charge during electron transfer in an electrode reaction, ionic vacancies are created, storing the solvation energy in the polarized core of the order of 0.1 nm, and the pair annihilation of the vacancies with opposite charges liberates the energy as excess heat. The promoted excess heat by the double bipolar MHDE with a diffuser at 10 T was 710 ± 144 kJ mol−1, whereas as mentioned above, 702 ± 426 kJ mol−1 was obtained by the same electrode without such a diffuser. From the theoretical excess heat of 1140 kJ mol−1, the collision efficiencies in pair annihilation were 0.623 ± 0.126 and 0.616 ± 0.374, respectively. From these results, the reproducibility of the thermal measurement was experimentally validated. At the same time, it was concluded that at magnetic fields beyond 10 T, the concentration of ionic vacancy and the collision efficiency take constant uppermost values.
Coastal bathymetry in central Dronning Maud Land controls ice shelf stability
Authors: Eisermann H. , Eagles G. , Jokat W.
Published: January 2024

Knowledge of the bathymetry of Antarctica’s margins is crucial for models and interpretations of ice-ocean interactions and their influence on ongoing and future sea level change, but remains patchy where ice shelves and multi-year sea ice block measurements. Here, we present a bathymetric model for the central Dronning Maud Land margin, based on a constrained inversion of airborne gravity data. It shows the cavities beneath the region’s two ice shelves to be much deeper than in existing bathymetric compilations, but to be shielded from Warm Deep Water ingress and basal melting by the presence of shallow bathymetric sills along the continental shelf. Over areas of multi-year sea ice, the model returns bathymetric estimates of similar accuracy to gravity interpolation-based methods over open water. Airborne gravity thus presents an opportunity to bathymetrically map hundreds of thousands of square kilometres of the most inaccessible margins of Antarctica at resolutions adequate for regional and global oceanographic and glaciological modelling and interpretation.
Early stage black pepper leaf disease prediction based on transfer learning using ConvNets
Authors: Kini Anita S. , Prema K. V. , Pai Smitha N.
Published: January 2024

Plants get exposed to diseases, insects and fungus. This causes heavy damages to crop resulting in various leaves diseases. Leaf diseases can be diagnosed at an early stage with the aid of a smart computer vision system and timely disease prevention can be targeted. Black pepper is a medicinal plant that is extensively used in Ayurvedic medicine because of its therapeutic properties. The proposed work represents an intelligent transfer learning technique through state-of-the-art deep learning implementation using convolutional neural network to predict the presence of prominent diseases in black pepper leaves. The ImageNet dataset available online is used for training deep neural network. Later, this trained network is utilized for the prediction of the newly developed black pepper leaf image dataset. The developed data set consist of real time leaf images, which are candidly taken from the fields and annotated under supervision of an expert. The leaf diseases considered are anthracnose, slow wilt, early stage phytophthora, phytophthora and yellowing. The hyperparameters chosen for tuning in to deep learning models are initial learning rates, optimization algorithm, image batches, epochs, validation and training data, etc. The accuracy obtained with 0.001 learning rate ranges from 99.1 to 99.7% for the Inception V3, GoogleNet, SqueezeNet and Resnet18 models. Proposed Resnet18 model outperforms all model with 99.67% accuracy. The resulting validation accuracy obtained using these models is high and the validation loss is low. This work represents improvement in agriculture and a cutting edge deep neural network method for early stage leaf disease identification and prediction. This is an approach using a deep learning network to predict early stage black pepper leaf diseases.
Comparative genomics of monotremes provides insights into the early evolution of mammalian epidermal differentiation genes
Authors: Steinbinder Julia , Sachslehner Attila Placido , Holthaus Karin Brigit , Eckhart Leopold
Published: January 2024

The function of the skin as a barrier against the environment depends on the differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes into highly resilient corneocytes that form the outermost skin layer. Many genes encoding structural components of corneocytes are clustered in the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC), which has been described in placental and marsupial mammals as well as non-mammalian tetrapods. Here, we analyzed the genomes of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) and the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) to determine the gene composition of the EDC in the basal clade of mammals, the monotremes. We report that mammal-specific subfamilies of EDC genes encoding small proline-rich proteins (SPRRs) and late cornified envelope proteins as well as single-copy EDC genes such as involucrin are conserved in monotremes, suggesting that they have originated in stem mammals. Monotremes have at least one gene homologous to the group of filaggrin (FLG), FLG2 and hornerin (HRNR) in placental mammals, but no clear one-to-one pairwise ortholog of either FLG, FLG2 or HRNR. Caspase-14, a keratinocyte differentiation-associated protease implicated in the processing of filaggrin, is encoded by at least 3 gene copies in the echidna. Our results reveal evolutionarily conserved and clade-specific features of the genetic regulation of epidermal differentiation in monotremes.
Evaluation and optimization of ecological spatial resilience of Yanhe River Basin based on complex network theory
Authors: Hou Quanhua , Li Qingze , Yang Yuxuan , Zhou Jizhe , Du Yang , Zhang Yahui
Published: January 2024

The loess hilly and gully areas have broken terrain, vertical and horizontal ravines and fragile ecological environments. Improving the resilience of the regional ecological space is conducive to improving the quality of the local ecological environment. With the ecological space of the Yanhe River Basin selected as the research object, this paper constructs a research framework of "network identification topology-resilience evaluation-spatial optimization" and uses morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR) to identify ecological spatial networks. Based on circuit theory, the ecological pinch point is identified, the ecological spatial network is optimized, and scenario simulation is performed. Through complex network theory and related indicators, the ecological spatial resilience of the basin is evaluated, and the hierarchical optimization strategy of the ecological space is confirmed. According to the ecological function of the source area and the results of the resilience evaluation, the boundaries of the protected control area, guidance development area, remediation area, and maintenance and improvement area of the basin are delineated. The importance of ecological source and corridor protection is classified, and corresponding protection strategies are proposed. The research results can provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the territorial spatial planning and ecological space construction of the Yanhe River Basin and provide a reference for the ecological restoration, resource development and environmental governance of the Yanhe River Basin.
Evaluating YOLO architectures for detecting road killed endangered Brazilian animals
Authors: Ferrante Gabriel Souto , Vasconcelos Nakamura Luis Hideo , Sampaio Sandra , Filho Geraldo Pereira Rocha , Meneguette Rodolfo Ipolito
Published: January 2024

Wildlife roadkill is a recurring, dangerous problem that affects both humans and animals and has received increasing attention from environmentalists worldwide. Addressing this problem is difficult due to the high investments required in road infrastructure to effectively reduce wildlife vehicle collisions. Despite recent applications of machine learning techniques in low-cost and economically viable detection systems, e.g., for alerting drivers about the presence of animals and collecting statistics on endangered animal species, the success and wide adoption of these systems depend heavily on the availability of data for system training. The lack of training data negatively impacts the feature extraction of machine learning models, which is crucial for successful animal detection and classification. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of several state-of-the-art object detection models on limited data for model training. The selected models are based on the YOLO architecture, which is well-suited for and commonly used in real-time object detection. These include the YoloV4, Scaled-YoloV4, YoloV5, YoloR, YoloX, and YoloV7 models. We focus on Brazilian endangered animal species and use the BRA-Dataset for model training. We also assess the effectiveness of data augmentation and transfer learning techniques in our evaluation. The models are compared using summary metrics such as precision, recall, mAP, and FPS and are qualitatively analyzed considering classic computer vision problems. The results show that the architecture with the best results against false negatives is Scaled-YoloV4, while the best FPS detection score is the nano version of YoloV5.
Construction of an immune-related risk score signature for gastric cancer based on multi-omics data
Authors: Wang Ying , Huang Wenting , Zheng Shanshan , Wang Liming , Zhang Lili , Pei Xiaojuan
Published: January 2024

Early identification of gastric cancer (GC) is associated with a superior survival rate compared to advanced GC. However, the poor specificity and sensitivity of traditional biomarkers suggest the importance of identifying more effective biomarkers. This study aimed to identify novel biomarkers for the prognosis of GC and construct a risk score (RS) signature based on these biomarkers, with to validation of its predictive performance. We used multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas to analyze the significance of differences in each omics data and combined the data using Fisher's method. Hub genes were subsequently subjected to univariate Cox and LASSO regression analyses and used to construct the RS signature. The RS of each patient was calculated, and the patients were divided into two subgroups according to the RS. The RS signature was validated in two independent datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus and subsequent analyses were subsequently conducted. Five immune-related genes strongly linked to the prognosis of GC patients were obtained, namely CGB5, SLC10A2, THPO, PDGFRB, and APOD. The results revealed significant differences in overall survival between the two subgroups (p < 0.001) and indicated the high accuracy of the RS signature. When validated in two independent datasets, the results were consistent with those in the training dataset (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001). Subsequent analyses revealed that the RS signature is independent and has broad applicability among various GC subtypes. In conclusion, we used multi-omics data to obtain five immune-related genes comprising the RS signature, which can independently and effectively predict the prognosis of GC patients with high accuracy.
The impact of local pinning sites in magnetic tunnel junctions with non-homogeneous free layers
Authors: Jenkins Alex. S. , Martins Leandro , Benetti Luana C. , Schulman Alejandro , Anacleto Pedro , Claro Marcel S. , Caha Ihsan , Deepak Francis Leonard , Paz Elvira , Ferreira Ricardo
Published: January 2024

Pinning at local defects is a significant road block for the successful implementation of technological paradigms which rely on the dynamic properties of non-trivial magnetic textures. Here, a comprehensive study of the influence of local pinning sites for non-homogeneous magnetic layers integrated as the free layer of a magnetic tunnel junction is presented, both experimentally and with corresponding micromagnetic simulations. The pinning sites are found to be extremely detrimental to the frequency controllability of the devices, a key requirement for their use as synapses in a frequency multiplexed artificial neural networks. In addition to describing the impact of the local pinning sites in the more conventional NiFe, a vortex-based magnetic tunnel junction with an amorphous free layer is presented which shows significantly improved frequency selectivity, marking a clear direction for the design of future low power devices.
Exploring structure, temperature and activity correlations in the selective oxidation of lower olefins over Bi–Mo–Co–Fe–O catalysts by spatial reactor profile measurements
Authors: Klag Linda , Weber Sebastian , Horn Raimund , Sheppard Thomas L. , Grunwaldt Jan-Dierk
Published: January 2024

Improving process efficiency in selective oxidation of lower olefins over mixed metal oxide catalysts requires profound knowledge of the dynamic behaviour of exothermic reactions along the reactor.
Transferrin-inspired iron delivery across the cell membrane using [(L2Fe)2(μ-O)] (L = chlorquinaldol) to harness anticancer activity of ferroptosis
Authors: Abeydeera Nalin , Mudarmah Khalil , Pant Bishnu D. , Krause Jeanette A. , Zheng Yao-Rong , Huang Songping D.
Published: January 2024

Don't waste good iron for nails (or good men for soldiers) but save it for treating cancer! The lipophilic Fe(iii) chelator chlorquinaldol has the remarkable ability to transport iron across the cell membrane afford potent broad-spectrum in vitro anticancer activity against a panel of cancer cell lines.
A series of viologen complexes containing thiophene and Br− dual fluorescent chromophores for continuous visual sensing of pH and Hg2+
Authors: Li Kai , Ying Jun , Liu Tao , Tian Aixiang , Wang Xiuli
Published: January 2024

Complexes 1–3 exhibited excellent pH sensing and Hg2+ sensing capabilities in both methanol and PBS buffer solutions. The interaction between Br−, the thiophene S atoms and Hg2+ in complexes 2–3, resulted in a distinctive dual-signal mode.
Cu(ii) complexes with a salicylaldehyde derivative and α-diimines as co-ligands: synthesis, characterization, biological activity. Experimental and theoretical approach
Authors: Selaković Snežana , Rodić Marko V. , Novaković Irena , Matić Ivana Z. , Stanojković Tatjana , Pirković Andrea , Živković Lada , Spremo-Potparević Biljana , Milčić Miloš , Medaković Vesna , Dimiza Filitsa , Psomas George , Anđelković Katarina , Šumar-Ristović Maja
Published: January 2024

Copper(ii) complexes with a salicylaldehyde derivative and α-diimines as co-ligands show a wide variety of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anticancer activities.
Aluminum ion intercalation in mesoporous multilayer carbocatalysts promotes the conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Li Mingfu , Jiang Liqun , Feng Sufei , Huang Junsheng , Zhang Pingjun , Zhang Jian
Published: January 2024

In this study, an efficient modification strategy was proposed by facile loading of trace aluminum ions and p-toluene sulfonic acid (p-TSA) in carbon materials to improve their catalytic activity.
Au-decorated Sb2Se3 photocathodes for solar-driven CO2 reduction
Authors: Dela Cruz John Mark Christian M. , Balog Ádám , Tóth Péter S. , Bencsik Gábor , Samu Gergely F. , Janáky Csaba
Published: January 2024

A nano-structured photoelectrode made from Sb2Se3 was prepared and was utilized for CO2 reduction. Au nanoparticle catalysts were deposited to facilitate CO formation.
Effect of processing Verdejo grape must by UHPH using non-Saccharomyces yeasts in the absence of SO2
Authors: Escott Carlos , Vaquero Cristian , del Fresno Juan Manuel , Topo Angelo , Comuzzo Piergiorgio , Gonzalez Carmen , Morata Antonio
Published: January 2024

Ultra-High Pressure Homogenization (UHPH) is an emerging non-thermal technology that can eliminate wild microorganisms from grape juice facilitating the use of non-competitive non-Saccharomyces yeast in fermentation to modulate the sensory profile.
A blue phase liquid crystal film based on an interpenetrating network and its sensitive humidity response performance
Authors: Hu Wentuo , He Wanli , Wang Kainan , Zhang Changli , Yang Zhou , Li Yuzhan , Cao Hui , Wang Dong
Published: January 2024

A humidity-responsive blue phase liquid crystal polymer film (alkalized-acrylic-BP) based on an interpenetrating polymer system has been fabricated.
Molecular stacking mode-directed mechanical compliance and room-temperature phosphorescence achieved by polymorphic 4-cyanobenzamide crystals
Authors: Wang Di , Tang Hui-Min , Ding Bo , Wang Xiu-Guang , Xie Haijiao , Yang En-Cui
Published: January 2024

Two 4-cyanobenzamide polymorphs are identified by well-organization of hydrogen-bond interactions, exhibiting molecular stacking mode-dependent mechanical responses and RTP emissions.
Enhanced photocatalysis of metal/covalent organic frameworks by plasmonic nanoparticles and homo/hetero-junctions
Authors: Liu Yannan , Huang Shengyun , Huang Xing , Ma Dongling
Published: January 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) photocatalysts face challenge in poor photocatalytic efficiency, which was promoted by the introduction of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) and junctions.
Improved capacitive energy storage performance in hybrid films with ultralow aminated molybdenum trioxide integration for high-temperature applications
Authors: Zeng Tan , Li Qiao , Liu Dongduan , Fu Jing , Zhong Lipeng , He Jinliang , Li Qi , Yuan Chao
Published: January 2024

The interaction between A-MoO3 dianhydride monomer of PEI results in the establishment of an intrinsic electric field between the PEI matrix and A-MoO3, effectively inhibiting the release of trapped electrons.
Superior energy storage properties in SrTiO3-based dielectric ceramics through all-scale hierarchical architecture
Authors: Zuo Chengyang , Xu Jialing , Yang Shilin , Cao Zhiqin , Yu Hongtao , Liu Jingsong , Wei Xianhua
Published: January 2024

Improving the energy storage performance of SrTiO3-based ceramics through all-scale architectures combining the effects of atomic-level doping, nanoscale domain engineering, submicroscale grain size regulation, and sample thinning.
Recent advances in the synthesis of dibenzofurans
Authors: Alami Mouad , Provot Olivier
Published: January 2024

This review deals with the different accesses leading to the dibenzofuran nucleus in the last fifteen years.
Thiocyanate promoted difunctionalization and cyclization of unsaturated C–C bonds to construct 1-sulfur-2-nitrogen-functionalized alkenes and 2-thiocyanate indolines
Authors: Qin Hong , Chen Feng , Du Jinze , Yang Xiaobing , Huang Yiping , Zhu Kai , Yue Changhai , Fang Zheng , Guo Kai
Published: January 2024

A facile approach to construct C–N and C–S bonds simultaneously and access various disubstituted alkenes and 2-thiocyanate indolines was developed.
Non-covalent interactions in the diastereoselective synthesis of cis-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans: experimental and computational studies
Authors: Jamis-Oliva Omar , López Roger , Galdámez Antonio , Gallardo-Fuentes Sebastián , Vilches-Herrera Marcelo
Published: January 2024

The diastereoselective synthesis of 2,3-DHBs can be afforded via an intramolecular Michael addition reaction using Cs2CO3.
Preparation and properties of phase-change materials with enhanced radial thermal conductivities based on anisotropic graphene aerogels
Authors: Huang Jinhui , Sun Xuejiao , Liang Bing , Li Ziyao , Zheng Danyang , Yang Banglong , Xu Jiatao , Zhu Yongchuang
Published: January 2024

In this study, anisotropic graphene aerogels are prepared using the heat-flow method.
Exploring the effect of boron on the grain morphology change and spectral properties of Eu3+ activated barium tantalate phosphor
Authors: İlhan Mustafa , Güleryüz Lütfiye Feray , Katı Mehmet İsmail
Published: January 2024

The effect of the grain morphology on the photoluminescence, charge transfer band, and decay properties was investigated by xEu3+, yB3+ (x = 10 mol%, y = 0, 5, 15, 30, 50, 70, and 100 mol%) co-doped BaTa2O6 ceramics fabricated by solid-state reaction.
Phosphorus doping of nickel–cobalt boride to produce a metal–metalloid–nonmetal electrocatalyst for improved overall water splitting
Authors: Sivagurunathan Amarnath T. , Seenivasan Selvaraj , Kavinkumar T. , Kim Do-Heyoung
Published: January 2024

A phosphorus-doped nickel–cobalt boride (P-NCB) electrocatalyst designed based on a unique metal–metalloid–nonmetal configuration results in solitary structures with excellent bifunctional properties for the HER and OER under strongly alkaline conditions.
Potassium ferrite nanosheets with tin doping for enhanced large-current-density H2 production and ultra-long life rechargeable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Jian Juan , Wang Zhuo , Qiao Yu , Yao Fen , Wang Meiting , Chang Limin , Nie Ping
Published: January 2024

Self-supported Sn-KFO exhibits high-efficiency trifunctional activities in stable Zn–air batteries and large-current-density H2 production, of which, the enhanced electrochemical properties mainly attribute to the introduced tin.
Near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield in zero-dimensional lead-free indium-based hybrid perovskites by antimony doping
Authors: Nie Jingheng , Yun Xiangyan , Cheng Fangrui , Lan Ban , Cao Renping , Wang Jing
Published: January 2024

High-performance broadband emission with a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield of ∼99.3% was observed in (C4H12N)2InC5·DMF:Sb3+ hybrid perovskites, which can be attributed to the self-trapped excitons of the [SbCl5·DMF]2− polyhedron.
Correction: Wheat peptides inhibit the activation of MAPK and NF-κB inflammatory pathways and maintain epithelial barrier integrity in NSAID-induced intestinal epithelial injury
Authors: Feng Zhiyuan , Wei Ying , Zhang Zhuoran , Li Mingliang , Gu Ruizeng , Lu Lu , Liu Wenying , Qin Huimin
Published: January 2024

Correction for ‘Wheat peptides inhibit the activation of MAPK and NF-κB inflammatory pathways and maintain epithelial barrier integrity in NSAID-induced intestinal epithelial injury’ by Zhiyuan Feng et al., Food Funct., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3FO03954D.
Articulatory and Vocal Fold Movement Patterns During Loud Speech in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Nip Ignatius S. B.
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

Speech motor control changes underlying louder speech are poorly understood in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The current study evaluates changes in the oral articulatory and laryngeal subsystems in children with CP and their typically developing (TD) peers during louder speech.

Method:

Nine children with CP and nine age- and sex-matched TD peers produced sentence repetitions in two conditions: (a) with their habitual rate and loudness and (b) with louder speech. Lip and jaw movements were recorded with optical motion capture. Acoustic recordings were obtained to evaluate vocal fold articulation.

Results:

Children with CP had smaller jaw movements, larger lower lip movements, slower jaw speeds, faster lip speeds, reduced interarticulator coordination, reduced low-frequency spectral tilt, and lower cepstral peak prominences (CPP) in comparison to their TD peers. Both groups produced louder speech with larger lip and jaw movements, faster lip and jaw speeds, increased temporal coordination, reduced movement variability, reduced spectral tilt, and increased CPP.

Conclusions:

Children with CP differ from their TD peers in the speech motor control of both the oral articulatory and laryngeal subsystems. Both groups alter oral articulatory and vocal fold movements when cued to speak loudly, which may contribute to the increased intelligibility associated with louder speech.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24970302
Counting short cycles of QC‐LDPC codes in base graph
Authors: Wang Liqian , Zou Jingke , Zhu Miao , Zhao Yatong
Published: January 2024

The performance of quasi‐cyclic low‐density parity‐check codes is closely tied to the number of short cycles. Here, a method is proposed to accurately count short cycles within the base matrix. By searching for all distinct and non‐redundant cyclic paths and combining the number of cycles from each path, the total number of short cycles is obtained. These results demonstrate that the complexity of our algorithm is independent of the code length and directly proportional to the number of edges in the base graph. Moreover, as the lifting degree of the codes increases, the proposed algorithm achieves faster cycle counting.
An adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system optimized by genetic algorithm for brain tumour detection in magnetic resonance images
Authors: Ghahramani Marzieh , Shiri Nabiollah
Published: January 2024

An adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system is presented which is optimized by a genetic algorithm to classify normal and abnormal brain tumours. The classifier is fast and simple, named genetic algorithm‐adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system, and the determined learning rules minimize its error and improve its accuracy. The presented system follows five steps including preprocessing, morphological operation, feature extraction, feature selection, and classification. Morphological operators segment the abnormal regions and calculate the tumour area. The statistical features and the grey‐level co‐occurrence matrix are employed for feature extraction. Magnetic resonance images are considered and 12 statistical features are extracted, then the genetic algorithm‐based selection technique helps to select features and reduce the extracted features and improves the accuracy and decision time. So, the high dimensionality and the computational complexity of the adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system are reduced, and the classifier decides more efficiently. The input data are the figshare brain tumour dataset with 670 abnormal and 670 normal magnetic resonance images, and the classifier requires 10.788 s for classification. The efficient performance of the genetic algorithm‐adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system is confirmed by the accuracy of 99.85%, sensitivity of 99.7%, specificity of 100%, precision of 100%, and mean square error of 0.0027.
Terrain Factors Induced Slope Instability in CNG 37 – Ghat section, Panthalur, The Nilgiris
Authors: Mani S. , Prasanna Venkatesh S. , Saranaathan S.E.
Published: January 2024

— Landslides are short-lived phenomena but can cause extraordinary changes in the landscape, destroying life and property. Mitigation and management of natural disasters are important issues. Recognising this, the United Nations in the year 2004 made gout “Learning from today’s disaster for tomorrow’s hazards”(UNISDR website). The Nadugani Hill is situated in SE of Panthalur taluk, Nilgiris District. The ghat section is 6.5 km in length. The region has moderate climatic conditions. The average rainfall in this ghat section is 3500mm. In this ghat section, two major activities, like tea plantation and heavy truck movement, lead to slope instability during heavy monsoon season. The study mainly aimed to use terrain factors and identify land susceptibility zonation. In this context, a detailed investigation was carried out using geomorphology, parent rock weathering, structural mapping, runoff and anthropogenic activities. The ghat section is covered by a thick Reserve Forest, a tea plantation and a smaller area enclosed by settlement. Hornblende biotitic gneiss and patches of charnockite in some places cover the study area. The gneissic rocks are highly fissile in nature. NE - SW fault controls the drainage systems, contributing to landslides. The structural data delineated from IRS-RS2, L-IV data and the lineaments are oriented in NE - SW. Morphology is one of the prime factors that cause which is landslides. Satellite imageries identify structural and fracture valleys in this study area. The thematic maps were converted into a digital format using ARC Map (10.2v) software. GIS-based Decision Support System provides advanced models of a system to identify land susceptibility zonation. Based on the analysis, the study area has been categorized into low, moderate, high and very high classes.
Experimental Study on Low-Cost Sensor Sensitivity of Inspection Quadcopter’s Anti-Collision System
Authors: Chandran Navaneetha Krisnan , Basri Adi Azriff , Basri Ernnie Illyani , Sultan Mohammed Thariq Hameed
Published: January 2024

This manuscript presents the experimental study on low-cost sensor sensitivity of inspection quadcopter’s anti-collision system. This inspection quadcopter is designed to be operated in aerodrome or hanger for the inspection of wide body aircraft for lightning strikes. One of most important features that the inspection quadcopter must equipped with is anti-collision system. The anti-collision system will ensure the inspection quadcopter maintain a safe distance from the aircraft and other structures during the inspection process. As one of the project’s objectives is to design and develop an anti-collision system for the inspection quadcopter, it is aimed at developing using low-cost sensors and components. Experiments were done to choose the best low-cost sensor to be used as the rangefinder in the inspection quadcopter’s anti-collision system. The sensitivity of the low-cost sensors were tested by comparing the measured distance and the actual distance of obstacles. The percentage error reflects the sensitivity of the sensor under certain circumstances. The second objective of this research is integrating the best low-cost sensors the anti-collision system. The anti-collision system was programmed using Arduino IDE software. Lastly, the third object of this research, which is to experiment the performance of anti-collision system was achieved by performing the ground test on the anti-collision system of the inspection quadcopter. The performance of anti-collision was shown on the PWM correction signal generated by the anti-collision system. In conclusion, this paper shows the engineering approach on an industrial problem on developing an anti-collision system using low-cost sensors.
Advanced Pultrusion Techniques as Alternatives in Aerospace Composite Manufacturing: A Review
Authors: Balakrishnan Thinesh Sharma , Sultan Mohamed Thariq Hameed , Shah Ain Umaira Md , Shahar Farah Syazwani , Najeeb Muhammad Imran
Published: January 2024

Pultruded FRP composites’ production and use in aerospace applications have grown over time as a result of its superior strength-to-weight ratio, enhanced durability, reduced labour costs, high productivity, corrosion resistance, and nonconductive qualities. In this regard, the pultrusion process has undergone several improvements enhancing its adaptability in producing composite products used in a variety of sectors. This review examines prospective uses for advanced pultruded FRP composites in the aviation and aerospace sectors as well as technological improvements in pultrusion.
Crude Volatile Oil Derived from Sphaeranthus Indicus Linn (Asteraceae) Comparative Insecticidal Activity Against Agriculture Pests Spodoptera Litura and Plutella Xylostella
Authors: A Nisha , Vasantha-Srinivasan Prabhakaran
Published: January 2024

The goal of this work is to compare the Larvicidal activity of plant-derived essentialoils against Spodoptera litura and Plutella xylostella and eliminate the chemical burden in managing agricultural pests. Pest rearing, homology modelling, and molecular docking are among of the approaches used in this study. The G Power value is set at 0.8, with two sets of five sample sizes each. At 500 ppm, the death rate was highest in all instars: 93.1% (II instar), 85.2% (III instar), and 81.2% (IV instar). The death rate was lower at the lowest dose of 100 ppm across all larval instars. Both pests’ second instar larvae were more vulnerable at 500 ppm and was considerably different from other treatment dosages. On third instar larvae, the fatal values (LC50 and LC90) were 213.17 and 421.88 ppm, respectively. When compared to other chemical compounds, essential oil extracted from Sphaeranthus indicus Linn (Asteraceae) has effective insecticidal action against agricultural pests Spodoptera litura and Plutella xylostella.
The Association Between Excessive Smartphone Use, Insomnia, and Academic Performance Among Middle School Adolescents in Morocco
Authors: Meskini Nadia , Ftih Zakaria , El aameri Mohammed , Lamtai Mouloud , Sfendla Anis , Ouahidi Moulay Laarbi
Published: January 2024

The study focuses on the intricate relationship between excessive smartphone use, insomnia, and academic performance among middle school adolescents in Kenitra, Morocco. It also seeks to understand how gender and school type influence these variables and what implications this may have for the well-being of adolescents. Data were collected through specific questionnaires assessing smartphone usage (SAS), levels of insomnia (measured by the ISI score), and academic performance (S2 grades) among adolescents from various schools, both public and private. These data were then subjected to statistical analyses, such as the Mann-Whitney test and the Student’s t-test, using the SPSS software. The results reveal significant trends. Among Kenitra adolescents, 37.4% are excessive smartphone users, with a higher prevalence among boys (37.7%) compared to girls (31.9%). Additionally, belonging to a private school is associated with a higher rate of excessive smartphone usage compared to public schools. Furthermore, excessive smartphone users exhibit significantly higher insomnia scores (11.015) than non-excessive users (9.272). Regarding academic performance, excessive smartphone users obtain significantly lower averages (13.915) than non-excessive users (14.949). These findings highlight the concerning impact of excessive smartphone use on insomnia and academic performance among middle school adolescents in Kenitra, Morocco. They also underscore the importance of considering gender and school type in awareness and intervention programs. To promote a healthy balance between technology and adolescents’ well-being, educational and preventive measures are necessary. In conclusion, these results call for action to preserve the well-being of adolescents in the specific context of Kenitra, Morocco.
Development of the drone frame kit made up of natural fiber
Authors: Guinda Rajoo Previndran , Basri Adi Azriff , Basri Ernnie Illyani , Thariq Mohamed , Sultan Haji Hameed
Published: January 2024

Increased environmental consciousness and demand for sustainable materials have encouraged the use of more renewable and environmentally acceptable resources as reinforcement, for the natural fiber like the (Pineapple Leaf Fiber) PALF and Kenaf fiber material. These materials are natural fiber which are environmental friendly and biodegradable. This environmental friendly resources has been a demand in all industries including the aerospace industry. So, this project is to develop a drone frame kit made up of natural fiber. There are very less studies on the drone frame kit made up of natural fiber. Drones are mostly made up of synthetic fiber which is not biodegradable. Three designs of the drone frame kit had been designed by Fusion 360 software where the best frame kit with least stress distribution, least total deformation and least strain will be chosen to develop the frame. Ansys simulation can be used to analyze the frame kits for the finite element analysis. In the Ansys simulation the static structural part had been chosen to make the analysis where few boundary conditions added, and the mesh dependency test was done to get the best result. PALF and Kenaf had be chosen to be analyzed because those natural fiber having high tensile strength compared to other natural fiber. So as the project is to build a drone, there had been an idea of developing the frame kit natural fiber like the PALF and the Kenaf material. In conclusion, each and every design having their own uniqueness where the best design with least stress was the design with circular shape.
Neurotoxicity Evaluation of Rutin Trihydrate vs. Metformin in Zebrafish Larvae: A Comparative Risk Assessment Study
Authors: Tejaswini R. , Praveen Kumar I.
Published: January 2024

To examine the neurotoxicity induced by the novel drug Rutin trihydrate and metformin in the zebrafish larvae model. Test solutions for the exposure groups were prepared by diluting the stock solution with egg water. These solutions contained 30 µM metformin in combination with 9.5 µM of the innovative drug rutin trihydrate. Maintenance of zebrafish and egg collection: Breeding groups were chambered in a specific spawning tank in a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. The spawning tank is provided with a box and with mesh as the bottom base to collect the zebrafish embryos and to protect the zebrafish embryos from the adult fish. Embryotoxicity assay: This work includes 2 groups and a total sample size of 30. Group 1 underwent examination using the novel drug Rutin trihydrate, which exhibits solubility in 0.01% of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), while Group 2 was subjected to examination using metformin, soluble in 100µl of DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide) combined with 99% water, both assessments conducted on larval zebrafish. Embryos were segregated for each exposure in groups in petri plates with n= 15 embryos per plate and were exposed to the novel drug Rutin trihydrate from 4 - 96 hpf (Hours Post Fertilization). Other conditions required for the validation of this study were maintained as stated by the OECD (Organization for Economic All the experiments were carried out in triplicate. Statistical analysis: SPSS software facilitated the determination of statistical significance between the two groups. The parameters adhered to a confidential ratio of 95%, a threshold of 0.05, G power at 80%, and an enrolment ratio of 1. Results indicated a significant neuroprotective effect of rutin trihydrate-treated larvae (27.77±1.15) compared to metformin-treated larvae (18.0±0.68), displaying a statistical significance of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05).
The role of social media in engaging young people in environmental issues
Authors: Hajri Oumaima , Daife Younès
Published: January 2024

Social media is a privileged information medium for political and public actors due to the ease of participation and interaction it offers. These new media can promote both political and societal mobilization among citizens. Which is particularly important in addressing environmental issues and achieving sustainable development goals. To this end, Morocco has emphasized in its new development model the importance of involving all stakeholders, including young people, in environmental initiatives to ensure a green transition. This prompted us to question the role of social media in engaging young people in environmental issues. For this purpose, we opted for a quantitative survey, focusing on the #b7arblaplastic operation organized by the Mohamed VI Foundation for Environmental Protection, which literally translates to “plastic-free beach”. This initiative primarily targets young people. Our study revealed that our sample group is concerned about environmental issues and follows environmental news, mainly through social media. However, our study has shown that not all of participants were aware of the #b7arblaplastic operation. While the Foundation did use social media to reach out to young people, only a small percentage of participants saw the hashtag circulating on these platforms. This leads us to conclude that it’s not enough to simply use social media, it is also essential to know how to effectively leverage them to reach our target audience. Hence the need for a well-thought-out, relevant communications strategy. This will not only allow political and public actors to dematerialize their communications and reduce their environmental impact, but also enable them to involve and mobilize youth, through a means of communication with which they are familiar.
Self-treatment in a health environment marked by social vulnerability: The case of sexually transmitted infections in Morocco
Authors: Nacer Nezha , Rkha Samia , Chouikh Jaouad , Mejdouli Hicham , Ouzennou Nadia
Published: January 2024

Sexually transmitted infections are a major public health problem. Most of these infections can be easily diagnosed and treated. The treatment and management of these infections require the mobilization of all health professionals and the active participation of patients. Self-treatment of sexually transmitted infections is common but little studied in Morocco. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the factors associated with self-treatment and its effects on the duration of symptoms of sexually transmitted infections before medical management. A cross-sectional interview survey of 1,100 women of childbearing age in health facilities in the province of Essaouira was carried out in search of factors associated with self-treatment in the presence of signs of sexually transmitted infections. In this context, self-medication in the presence of signs of STI was reported by 16.3% of women of childbearing age surveyed. This self-medication was statistically associated with the woman’s level of education (p = 0.000), diagnosis of an STI syndrome after examination (p < 0.01), marital status (p < 0.05), decision to seek treatment (p < 0.05), distance from the nearest health facility (p < 0.05), age of first sexual intercourse (p < 0.001), and monthly family income (p < 0.05). Age, place of residence, and multiple sexual partners in the last 12 months were not associated with self-medication (> 0.05). Finally, self-medication is common among patients with sexually transmitted infections, but these individuals are limited by a lack of information about the adverse effects, interactions, and contraindications of these drugs.
Synergistic Antibacterial Efficacy of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Prepared Using Methanolic Stem Extract of Tinospora Cordifolia and Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Narmada K. , Raja Mamilla R. Charan
Published: January 2024

The research is aimed to assess the joint antibacterial effects of hydrogen peroxide and methanolic stem extract (SNP-MSE)-prepared silver nanoparticles against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Utilizing MSE under sunlight, biogenic silver nanoparticles were produced, with their properties characterised using FTIR and UV-Visible spectroscopies. Turbidimetry determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of SNP-MSE, H2O2, and their varied combinations at different concentrations. Agar well diffusion assessed the zone of inhibition. The study comprised three groups: Group 1 assessed SNP-MSE, Group 2 H2O2, and Group 3 their combination. A sample size of 9 (3 per group) was determined with an 80% pretest G power. At 1 μg/ml SNP-MSE, no inhibition zone was observed; for 0.625 mM H2O2, it measured 7.81 ± 0.464 mm; and for the combined treatment, 14.01 ± 0.478 mm. The combined treatment significantly (p=<0.001, p<0.05) outperformed SNP-MSE and H2O2 alone in antibacterial efficacy. Additionally, the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) index, below 1, signified synergy between SNP-MSE and H2O2. These findings suggest their collaborative action in eradicating K. pneumoniae. Their synergistic potency proposes a potential novel antibacterial agent, potentially reducing H2O2 side effects, expediting infection recovery, and enhancing overall health.
Performance of nanofillers in epoxy resin for corrosion protection coating on metallic substrates
Authors: Rajeswari N. , Sunitha K. , Balasubramanian K.
Published: January 2024

The paper combines and reviews the experimental studies on performance of various potential nanofillers elements incorporated in the epoxy polymer resin that are used as protective coating for metal substrate. The epoxy composite formed by dispersing the nano sized secondary elements namely silica oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, graphite oxide and nano clay in the epoxy matrix are studied in the perspective of corrosion resistance, adhesion strength and dispersion properties. The paper encompasses the study on epoxy nanocomposite with single element reinforcement particles and also the hybrid of two different elements that are used as reinforcement fillers. The discussion witness’s various corrosive protection assessing techniques such as electrochemical studies, pull of adhesion test, salt spray test and their results are studied and analyzed in the prospect of overviewing the performance of nanofillers in epoxy matrix.
Artificial intelligence for the optimization of marine aquaculture
Authors: Er-rousse Omar , Qafas Ahlam
Published: January 2024

In recent years, artificial intelligence has become an inevitable player in the field of development and international competition. Artificial intelligence (AI) has made moves across all industries, and marine aquaculture as one of the pillars of the blue economy of high production growth is no exception. The integration of artificial intelligence into marine aquaculture management and conservation is revolutionizing the intensification and expansion of sustainable aquaculture production systems. AI-powered systems help aquaculturists optimize their operations, production and management of marine aquaculture farms, develop innovative applications for monitoring, control and prediction of marine ecosystems, and to reduce waste and minimize their environmental impact. The adoption of AI technologies in aquaculture will be essential to ensure the long-term sustainability of the industry and the health of our oceans. Overall, AI is proving to be an essential tool for optimizing aquaculture development plans and conservation strategies for marine ecosystems. By providing early warning of environmental changes, identifying and protecting threatened species, and monitoring water quality, AI helps ensure that marine ecosystems remain healthy and vibrant.
Study on Cracking Causes of One 500 kV SSY Type Equipment Clamp
Authors: Zheng Jianjun , Wei Yong , Liu Xiaokai , Han Kuo
Published: January 2024

One SSY type equipment clamp serviced in a 500 kV station was found to be cracked. In this paper, the crcaked cause and mechanism is investigated by means of macroscopic morphology observation, fracture surface morphology observation, X-ray digital detection, metallographic observation. The results indicated that the main reason for the fracture of the equipment clamp this time is that the terminal board is a cast part, which contains a large number of casting defects such as porosity and shrinkage, resulting in a decrease in its effective cross-sectional area and load-bearing capacity. In addition, insufficient modification treatment of the terminal board led to insufficient toughness due to needle or rod-shaped eutectic silicon in the organization. Finally, under the combined action of dynamic load and self weight caused by the swinging of the wire in the wind, the terminal board was brittle fractured along the bolt hole with obvious stress concentration effect.