bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the sustainable development efficiency of environment and energy in China
Authors: Ding Ru-Xi , Li Ming-Yi , Yang Bing , Zhao Xiaojing
Published: December 2024

With the increasing global demand for sustainable development, China, being one of the world’s most populous countries, is confronted with increasingly prominent challenges in sustainable development of environment and energy, specifically in terms of environmental protection and energy transformation. To promote sustainable development in China’s environment and energy sector, this paper constructs an evaluation indicator system for sustainable development of environment and energy by integrating the relevant Sustainable Development Goals outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The data envelopment analysis slack-based measure model is used for static analysis of the sustainable development efficiency, and dynamic analysis is conducted using the Malmquist index, aiming to reveal regional differences and trends in the efficiency of sustainable development from 2016 to 2022. The results indicate that there is a significant disparity in the sustainable development efficiency of environment and energy among the 31 provinces in China. China has seen a slight overall improvement in the sustainable development of environment and energy, with a promotion of environment-friendly development patterns. Moreover, technological innovation proves to be a key element in achieving more efficient and environment-friendly development. In addition, the decomposition of technical efficiency change also makes the management level and factor allocation be attached importance.
A Rare Etiology İn An Infant Presenting With Ecchymosis: Acute Infantile Hemorrhagic Edema
Authors: Kuzucu Selin
Published: December 2024

Acute Infantile Hemorrhagic Edema (AIHE) is a rare leukocytoclastic vasculitis that primarily affects small vessels in the skin, commonly seen between the ages of 6 and 24 months. It is characterized by ecchymosis, purpura, and edema on the skin. The condition presents a benign course and typically resolves within 1-3 weeks. This article presents the case of a 9-month-old girl who presented with widespread ecchymosis and edema in her legs, was diagnosed with Acute Infantile Hemorrhagic Edema, and received intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone treatment. AIHE is an important differential diagnosis to consider in young children presenting with ecchymosis. Awareness about this condition is of utmost importance.
Decolonising the South African Criminal Procedure: Towards a Critical Approach to the Use of Ubuntu in Sentencing
Authors: Nortje Windell
Published: December 2024

South African Criminal Procedure has colonial roots which are yet to be fully uprooted. While several sections of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 have been declared unconstitutional, much of the Act remains steeped in colonial legacies. Moreover, the minimum sentencing legislation, passed after democracy, also resembles the laws enforced by colonisers. This article challenges the colonial nature of the South African Criminal Procedure Regime and calls for its decolonisation. It proposes and endorses the use of ubuntu in sentencing proceedings to promote a culture of decolonisation. uBuntu is an African value which confronts the retributive and colonial nature of Criminal Procedure. The article builds on the current literature on decolonisation in South African law by focussing specifically on the decolonisation of Criminal Procedure and on how ubuntu can be adopted to assist in the process. While the Constitutional Court in Makwanyane 1995 3 SA 391 (CC) was praised for its interpretation of ubuntu in the abolition of the death penalty, subsequent criminal courts have been loath to apply it. This needs to change. The article is presented in four parts. Firstly, it looks at the concepts of colonisation, decolonisation and ubuntu. It then examines the historical colonial roots of sentencing in South Africa from 1652 up until the enactment of the Criminal Procedure Act, the current regime. Thirdly it analyses how ubuntu can be utilised and applied by presiding officers during sentencing. The study concludes by making several recommendations.
Evaluation the body conformation of Limousin candidate bulls in farm performance test
Authors: Tőzsér János , Fazekas Natasa , Szűcs Márton
Published: December 2024

Authors studied the conformation of Limousin candidate bulls (n=311, farms=30) in 2021. Six body measures – height at withers, cm, rump / tail height, cm, length of back, cm, width of shoulders, cm, width at hip bone, cm, pin width, cm – and two conformation traits (muscularity, score, leg, score) and live weight were analysed.
Live weight of bulls taking part in the study (mean: 455 kg, age: 420±30 days) was in concordance with previous French and Hungarian data. Tail height (132 cm) being higher than wither’s height (123 cm) suggest young bulls still maturing, their height is going to grow. Minimum (63 cm) and maximum (94 cm) values of back length mean that animals are well developed according to their age. Current data of hip and pin width of candidate bulls prove a good base for maintaining cow’s calving ease in the breed when going to be used for stud. Mean conformation score for muscularity and feet was around 7. Feet score 6 was accompanied with muscularity scores 6 and 7, with at least 440 kg average live weight. Animals scored 8 for feet got scores 7 or 8 for muscularity, with 460 kg live weight. Mean score 8 was paired with more advantageous, lower SE value.
Evaluating live weight by wither’s height categories, taking into consideration muscularity and feet scores suggests that live weight increased by increasing wither’s height in all categories. Positive, moderate correlations of live weight with wither’s height (r=0,613) and tail height (r=0,593) are in concordance with literature data. The correlations of conformation scores with live weight and body measures were different direction and loose.
Maturity, body measure data, muscularity and feed structure of animals studied give a chance significantly improving the production of the consecutive if the best ones are going to be used for stud.
Különböző apiterápiás házak bemutatása és fogyasztói megítélése
Authors: Simonné Agócs Kata Eszter , Szabó Rubina Tünde
Published: December 2024

Apiterápiának nevezzük a méhek által termelt anyagok gyógyászatban való felhasználását. A méhesházak is ezt a célt szolgálják, ahol a rezgés, a hőmérséklet és a kaptár illata fejti ki hatását a szervezetre. Munkánk során célunk volt bemutatni apiterápiás méhesházakat, illetve kérdőív segítségével felmérni a fogyasztók ismereteit ezen apiterápiás lehetőséggel kapcsolatban. Három apiterápiás ház tulajdonossal készült interjú. Az első, felkeresett apiterapeuta, csupán a gyógyításra használja fel egyszemélyes méhesházát. Magyarország legnagyobb ház tulajdonosánál is készült felmérés, ahol lehetőség van csoportokkal is látogatni a házat, de betegeket is fogad kúraszerűen. Erdélyben felkeresett méhész kicsi, két személyes házában fogadja ingyenesen a súlyos betegeket, de turistaként is látogatható a ház. Kérdőívet 184 résztvevő töltötte ki. Válaszokból látható, hogy igény van az apiterápia közelebbi megismerésre. Lengyel kutatás szerint a felmérésben résztvevők egyharmada, míg a saját eredményeink szerint több mint kétharmada élne a kipróbálás lehetőségével. A kitöltők ajánlásai alapján az ismeretterjesztés legjobb módja a közösségi oldalakon keresztüli informálás lenne. Emellett nyílt napokkal, különböző programokkal, ismeretterjesztő előadásokkal lehetne hatást elérni.
Magyar házibivallyal való legeltetés hatásainak felmérése száraz gyepeken, mint potenciális élőhelykezelési módszer
Authors: Fűrész Attila , Fintha Gabriella , Szentes Szilárd , Wagenhoffer Zsombor , Szalai Ferenc , Penksza Károly
Published: December 2024

Napjainkban az éghajlatváltozás hatásai miatt a mezőgazdasági területek fenntarthatósága komoly kihívássá vált. Ezen területek fenntartásáért a legeltetett állatállomány, mint például a magyar házibivaly, nagyon fontos szerepet játszhat. Kutatásunk célja az volt, hogy a magyar házivízibivalyok által legeltetett Szurdokpüspöki területek több éves vegetációjának adatait cönológiai felmérésekkel összehasonlítsuk, a növényzet változását a relatív ökológiai mutatók, a természetvédelmi értékek alapján nyomon kövessük, valamint a gyepterületek takarmányozási értékeinek különbségeit megállapítsuk. A felméréseket három olyan mintaterületen végeztük el, ahol 2, 4 és 6 éve cserjeirtás zajlik. A gazdaságilag fontos pázsitfűfélék és hüvelyesek száma, illetve borítottsága egyaránt növekedett. A cserjések magas aránya eltolódott a gyepfajok felé. A domináns faj a Festuca valesiaca volt. A Pignatti-féle életforma-rendszer alapján a terület nem volt túllegeltetve. Az eredmények alapján a magyar házibivalyokkal történő legeltetés mind természetvédelmi, mind gazdasági szempontból sikeresen működött. A kutatást az Innovációs és Technológiai Minisztérium ÚNKP-22-3-I-MATE/2 kódszámú Új Nemzeti Kiválósági Programjának a Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovációs Alapból finanszírozott szakmai támogatásával készült, valamint a kutatást a AKGF-119-1-202 projekt támogatta
Nuclei isolation from human frozen adipose tissue for single-nuclei RNA-sequence. Adapted from two published articles. v1
Authors: Dileepan Mythili , Burnlohr David , Robbins and Laura Niedernhofer Paul , not provided lniedern
Published: December 2024

This is a protocol for isolating nuclei from human visceral adipose tissue and it was adapted from two published articles.
Western blotting v1
Authors: White Alexandria
Published: December 2024

Sampson/Caudle Lab Western blot protocol.
Mind Controlled Bionic Arm with Sense of Touch [8 class version] v1
Authors: Shaw Dhruva , Sengupta Arittrabha , Baswaraj Khaple Jay , Choudhary Bhavya , Raam Dheep Dr.
Published: December 2024

Advancements in bionic technology are transforming the possibilities for restoring hand function in individuals with amputations or paralysis. This paper introduces a cost-effective bionic arm design that leverages mind-controlled functionality and integrates a sense of touch to replicate natural hand movements. The system utilizes a non-invasive EEG-based control mechanism, enabling users to operate the arm using brain signals processed into PWM commands for servo motor control of the bionic arm. Additionally, the design incorporates a touch sensor (tactile feedback) in the gripper, offering sensory feedback to enhance user safety and dexterity. The proposed bionic arm prioritizes three essential features: 1. Integrated Sensory Feedback: Providing users with a tactile experience to mimic the sense of touch (signals directly going to the brain). This capability is crucial for safe object manipulation by arm and preventing injuries 2. Mind-Control Potential: Harnessing EEG signals for seamless, thought-driven operation. 3. Non-Invasive Nature: Ensuring user comfort by avoiding invasive surgical procedures. This novel approach aims to deliver an intuitive, natural, and efficient solution for restoring complex hand functions.
Chromium adsorption using a composite adsorbent of corn waste and bentonite
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Herrera-Gavidia Miguel , Carbonel Dalia ,   Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Chirinos-Collantes Hugo ,   Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería
Published: December 2024

Chromium, a highly toxic heavy metal, poses significant risks to both human health and environmental quality. Its adsorption in wastewater using low-cost, easily implementable technologies has emerged as a crucial solution for mitigating its harmful impact. This study explores the effectiveness of a composite adsorbent made from bentonite and corn waste for chromium adsorption. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory-scale batch system. The research examined the adsorption kinetics and equilibrium, process optimization, and the mechanisms of chromium adsorption. For optimization, a response surface methodology was applied considering three variables: adsorption time (min), adsorbent dosage (g/L), and initial chromium concentration (mg/L). The findings suggest that the adsorption kinetics fit best with the pseudo-first-order model (R2 = 0.968), and the adsorption equilibrium fits with the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.997). During optimization, the adsorbent dosage emerged as the most critical factor for chromium removal. The optimal operating conditions were determined to be 103 minutes, 29.71 g/L of adsorbent, and an initial chromium concentration of 31.13 mg/L. The results indicate that chromium adsorption is a multifaceted process involving diffusion and subsequent interaction at the surface and edges of the bentonite layers. Chemical analysis, coupled with changes in the FTIR spectrum, suggests an interaction between chromium and the silicon and aluminum components of the bentonite. These findings underscore the potential of the composite adsorbent for effective chromium removal.
IDENTIFICATION OF QTL CONFERRING ADULT PLANT RESISTANCE TO WHEAT STRIPE RUST IN BREAD WHEAT LANDRACE BWLR-2347
Authors: Tehseen Muhammad Massub , Aykut Tonk Fatma , Kurtulus Ezgi , Özseven İzzet , Habib Madiha , Nazari Kumarse
Published: December 2024

Stripe rust is among the most destructive foliar diseases affecting wheat globally. The identification of novel
adult plant resistance loci represents a critical strategy for mitigating the substantial yield losses attributed to
stripe rust across diverse regions worldwide. Wheat landraces possess untapped genetic resources for abiotic
and biotic stresses including diseases like stripe rust. This study was conducted to identify the genetic basis of
adult plant resistance response in bread wheat landrace BWLR-2347 conserved at ICARDA gene bank. The
mapping population of 178 F2 individuals was genotyped with high quality genotype-by-sequencing derived
SNPs. The phenotypic disease assessment was carried out in F2:3 families derived from the cross between
resistant bread wheat landrace BWLR-2347 and susceptible Avocet “S” in the field under artificial inoculation
with a mixture of stripe rust races. Seven QTLs were identified for resistance to YR at the adult plant growth
stage and mapped on five chromosomes. The QTLs were detected on the 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, and 5A regions. The
phenotypic variance explained by an individual QTL ranged from 2.01% to 5.59%. The study validated the six
previously identified QTL and reported a novel QTL at chromosome 5A. The information obtained from the
study will be helpful in wheat breeding programs towards the development of stripe rust resistant cultivars.
FORMATION OF THE SYSTEM FOR ENSURING INFORMATION-PSYCHOLOGICAL SECURITY AS AN ELEMENT OF NATIONAL SECURITY: THEORETICAL ASPECT
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, SHAPOVALOV Andrii
Published: December 2024

Background. Today, the dominant factor that determines the level of global and national security is the transformation of the international relations system and national and international security systems in all spheres of modern society. Simultaneously, there is a destruction of existing systems and the creation of more effective ones in responding to contemporary security challenges. One of them is the system of ensuring the information-psychological component of national security. In its formation, a number of interdependent factors should be taken into account, including the peculiarities of the dynamics of information-psychological security challenges through the prism of implementing the potential of destructive strategic communications at the national, regional, and global levels, as well as the trends in the formation of a multipolar world. The necessity of this a system is primarily due to the emergence and influence of new threats of an information-psychological nature on individual, group, and public consciousness. The goal of the article is to define the range of tasks for developing the theoretical foundations for the formation of a system to ensure the information-psychological component of Ukraine's national security.

Methods. Systemic, synergistic, dialectical logic, comparative, structural-functional methods, and generalization were used.

Results. The practical value of the expected scientific results lies in the fact that the obtained theoretical provisions, conclusions, and suggestions can be used to solve theoretical and practical problems related to ensuring the information-psychological security of individuals, society, public administration and administration subjects in various spheres of their activities, as a determining condition for ensuring sufficient effectiveness of Ukraine's national security system under modern statehood conditions.

Conclusions. The study of information-psychological security is a complex problem of modern society that requires further research. It is important to identify threats, develop a conceptual model, and a system of measures to ensure information-psychological security. The results of the research and the development of the concept of the system of ensuring information-psychological security can contribute to the creation of effective strategies and policies in the field of information security, which will help ensure national security and sustainable development of society.
PECULIARITIES OF THREATS TO THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF UKRAINE in conditions of globalization
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, TARAN Yevhenii
Published: December 2024

Background. The article examines the processes of globalization that are taking place in the world and have a critical impact on Ukraine's economic security. It is indicated that globalization processes don't only bring positive changes, but also, at the same time, create unfavourable conditions for the economic security of the state.

Methods. A number of general and special methods of scientific research were used in the research. Thus, in the study of the legal framework of the security sphere, the dialectical method was used, which allowed to isolate economic threats. With the help of a systematic method, a set of threats to the economic security of Ukraine was investigated, and in the conclusions, recommendations were proposed for the application of measures to counteract the negative impact on the economic security of Ukraine.

Results. The current state of economic development requires an adequate response to these challenges in order to ensure stable development in a competitive position of the national economy of Ukraine. It is with globalization that traditional threats to economic security are complicated, and new ones emerge that are directly related to globalization. The phenomenon of economic security from different approaches is analysed and it is determined that economic security is a state of economy provided by effective methods of prevention and solution of potential and existing threats to the internal and external environment of the country. It is pointed that today there is an issue of creating new models of national economic security that would meet the requirements of the time and would be derived from modified global threats. The current legislation of Ukraine identifies the main real and potential threats to Ukraine's national security, including in the economic sphere, at the present stage.

Conclusions. From the mentioned above we can conclude that the current conditions of state security are characterized by new requirements and threats that require improvement and implementation of new measures to counter the negative impact of major threats to economic security. Due to it is important today to improve the system of state regulation in the field of economic security.
SPESIFICS OF RELIGIOUS SECURITY IN THE (PRE)WAR CONDITIONS IN UKRAINE: THE TASK FOR HUMANITARIAN POLICY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, KHARKOVSHCHENKO Yevhen , TURENKO Vitalii ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2024

B a c k g r o u n d . The article is dedicated to the analysis of the specifics of religious security in Ukraine in the context of Russia's full-scale aggression. The authors examine the role of religion in shaping national identity and its impact on national security, particularly during the hybrid warfare conducted by Russia. Special attention is paid to the strategic use of religious factors by external forces to destabilize Ukrainian society.

M e t h o d s . The article employs interdisciplinary approaches, including content analysis, comparative analysis, as well as the analysis of sociological data and religious studies sources. The research utilizes empirical and theoretical methods to examine the religious situation in Ukraine before and after the autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine.

R e s u l t s . The key threats to Ukraine's religious security in the context of hybrid warfare have been identified, including the use of religious conflicts to undermine state sovereignty. The autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine emerged as a significant factor that intensified interfaith tensions, while simultaneously strengthening national identity. State policy in the religious sphere plays a crucial role in ensuring religious security by balancing religious freedom with national interests.

C o n c l u s i o n s . Based on the analysis, the authors conclude that it is necessary to develop an effective humanitarian policy that takes into account both the preservation of religious freedoms and protection from external threats. This will help strengthen Ukraine's national security amidst ongoing Russian hybrid aggression.
BACKGROUND FOR THE APPEARANCE OF THE PERIODICAL PUBLICATION "THE WATCHTOWER"
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, ORLOVSKYI Roman
Published: December 2024

B a c k g r o u n d . The article examines the prerequisites for the emergence of the Watchtower magazine, which has been regularly published for more than a century, and today disseminates the teachings of the religious organization of Jehovah's Witnesses in hundreds of languages with millions of copies. In particular, the study traces the period of spiritual growth and development of Charles Taze Russell as an independent religious figure and the founder of this now recognizable periodical.

M e t h o d s . To achieve the results of the research, the following scientific methods were applied: historical, casual, comparative and biographical.

R e s u l t s . It is determined that the beginning of the break in the harmonious cooperation of the editors of the "Herald of Morning", Nelson Barbour and Charles Russell, was disappointment in the expected ascension of the faithful to heaven in the spring of 1878. It was found that Charles Russell explained the disappointment experienced by the fact that the ascension should not be perceived as a momentary event, but as a long process. It is established that Nelson Barbour disagreed with Russell's interpretation, and the conflict between them subsequently manifested itself regarding the classical Protestant doctrine of "Substitutionary Ransom." Nelson Barbour declared the idea of Substitution to be unbiblical, and Charles Russell considered this doctrine to be perhaps the most important concept, the foundation of the Christian faith. It has been established that one of the expressions of the conflict between them was the opposing assessments of the holding of the Prophetic Conference on the topic of the premillennial view of the second coming of Christ. Subsequently, Charles Russell realized the need to create a separate periodical. This act escalated into Nelson Barbour's open accusations against his younger colleague.

C o n c l u s i o n s . All of these events tested Charles Russell's religious faith and led to his rise as an independent religious leader and the publication of The Watchtower. It is noted that in this conflict Russell showed the strength of his religious beliefs and respect for his older colleague. It was also in these events that his religious identity was crystallized. And, despite the fact that the views of Charles Russell were quite different from the beliefs of traditional Protestant churches in the United States, the Watchtower periodical emphasized the importance of the doctrine of Substitution as a central point of the Christian faith.
Indexing of the negative sentiment of the Ukrainian text by “TextAttributor 1.0”
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, DARCHUK Nataliia , ZUBAN Oksana ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, ROBEIKO Valentyna ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, TSYHVINTSEVA Yuliia ,   Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2024

Background. In the twenty-first century, the information space is a full-fledged battlefield. In the Ukrainian information space, the problem of text toxicity and hate speech is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, the interest of researchers in markers of negative textual tone, especially in media texts, is constantly growing. The article describes the structure and results of a separate module of the automatic system of statistical parameterization of Ukrainian-language texts “TextAttributor 1.0” – determination of the text toxicity index.

The tasks are solved by two methods: the method of dictionaries and rules (calculation of statistical parameters) and the method of machine learning.

The results of the study are based on the material of the corpus of online media texts of political discourse with a volume of 10 million word occurrences. To achieve this goal, a lexicographic database was created, including three dictionaries: Emotiogens, Hate Speech, and Toxic Compounds, and training and control samples of texts were formed to estimate the parameters of the selected model using machine learning. The project chose a computationally efficient architecture based on the fastText methodology and tools. The toxicity index is calculated by verbally identifying the negative sentiment of the text based on the linguistic and software-generated and is detected by the system-generated linguistic examination of the text, which displays a statistical map of semantic classes of negative vocabulary by classification markers of lexicographic lists, and the output of the neural network.

Сonclusions.The “TextAttributor 1.0” system is at the stage of testing and improving its functionality, so the article describes an intermediate β-version of the system, but the results obtained in determining toxicity show that the developed methodology for quantifying verbal means by semantic parameters (negative emotionality) using dictionaries and rules and machine learning is effective in achieving the tasks set and makes it possible not only to determine the boundary between toxic and neutral text but also to approach the solution of the problem based on the lexical categories inherent in the text. The methodology for developing a module for determining the toxicity of media text in the “TextAttributor 1.0” system was described and published on the web application page in April 2024, but this information is published for the first time in the form of a research article.
DESAFIANDO-SE OS QUADROS DE USO DA FORÇA, DOS CONFLITOS ARMADOS E DO CIBERESPAÇO: DRONES E SISTEMAS DE INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL
Authors: PRETO RITA , Alves Serrão Beatriz
Published: December 2024

Este artigo versa sobre a utilização cada vez mais recorrente de tecnologias na prossecução de ações militares. A primeira parte foca-se na metodologia dos assassinatos seletivos, mas de um ponto de vista dual: num primeiro momento, com a análise das mortes de Qassem Soleimani e Ayman al-Zawahiri, destacam-se os desafios que o uso de drones para eliminar alvos em Estados terceiros colocam no quadro do jus ad bellum; num segundo momento, o foco passa a ser a tecnologia em si mesma, descrevendo-se o assassinato de Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, que foi perpetrado por uma arma imbuída por um sistema de AI que nos leva a refletir sobre o futuro da guerra moderna, e a possibilidade próxima de armas totalmente autónomas. Por fim, a segunda e última parte é direcionada para o uso da tecnologia no ciberespaço, salientando-se os obstáculos que levantam no âmbito do princípio da distinção, inerente ao regime do jus in bello. Conclui-se que o atual quadro jurídico-legal tem de continuar a tentar adaptar-se a um novo paradigma de guerra sem, contudo, se descaracterizar.
Regulação da Indústria de Alimentos Ultraprocessados no Brasil
Authors: Coutinho Diogo Rosenthal , Rebêlo Ferreira Alexandre , Levy Piza Fontes Mariana , Piva Adami Mateus , Do Carmo Baumgratz de Paula Pedro
Published: December 2024

O artigo analisa a regulação dos ambientes alimentares no Brasil a partir da premissa de que a garantia do direito à alimentação e nutrição depende da capacidade do poder público desempenhar certos papéis efetivamente. Supõe, ainda, que a regulação é resultado de disputas público-privadas, sendo influenciada pelo lobby ou argumentos jurídicos que limitam as opções do Estado. A partir de casos envolvendo publicidade, rotulagem nutricional e o regime tributário de bebidas açucaradas, o texto busca analisar os papeis que a regulação tem desempenhado no campo dos ambientes alimentares, em especial nos alimentos ultraprocessados.
Risk-Targeted Design Spectra for Uniform Risk Seismic Design
Authors: Wang Cong , Lu Da-Gang
Published: December 2024

The uniform hazard response spectrum only considers the seismic hazard of a site, without taking into account the seismic fragility of the structure. As a result, structures designed based on this spectrum may exhibit varying levels of collapse risk under earthquakes in different regions. To this end, first, various cases are employed to determine a first-order approximation of the seismic hazard function H(x), followed by a validation of its rationality. Subsequently, with the objective of achieving uniform collapse risk, considering both seismic hazard and structural fragility, single anchor point, double anchor points, and multiple anchor points methods are proposed to construct the risk-targeted seismic design spectra for frequent earthquake (FE), design basis earthquake (DBE), maximum considered earthquake (MCE), and very rare earthquake (VRE). Furthermore, a comprehensive study is conducted to analyze the risk-targeted seismic design spectra corresponding to different seismic design levels, site classes, and characteristic periods constructed using the multiple anchor points method. In addition, a comparative analysis is conducted on the risk-targeted seismic design spectra constructed using different methods. The study indicates that determining H(x) based on DBE and VRE is reasonable, and the relative difference between the risk-targeted ground motion (RTGM) derived from this case and the RTGM obtained by determining H(x) based on probabilistic seismic hazard analysis is within 4%. The risk-targeted seismic design spectra constructed using three different methods show overall similarity. The single anchor point method offers simplicity in calculations and ensures that the uniform risk seismic design spectrum aligns with the uniform hazard seismic design spectrum in terms of spectral shape. Although the multiple anchor points method involves increased computational effort, it allows for the consideration of seismic hazard at multiple periods.
Decoding the Narrative of the Chilean coup d’état Through the Seismograms of September 1973
Authors: Leon-Rios Sergio , Gutierrez Crocco Ignacio , Riffo Valdebenito Sebastian , Perez Marcela , Madariaga Raúl , Comte Diana , Ruiz Sergio
Published: December 2024

This study reveals the seismic signature of the 1973 Chilean coup d’état by analyzing historical paper seismograms from September 1973. The continuous traces of the seismic activity preceding, during, and after the military coup were recorded by a Teledyne Geotech seismometer installed near (∼2 km) the presidential palace La Moneda. Our analysis revealed that distinct seismic patterns corresponded to specific societal activities, such as the morning commute and nighttime quietness. The seismic records captured the upheaval caused by the coup, including the military intervention, the bombing of La Moneda palace, and the subsequent imposition of a national curfew. The latter led to a significant reduction in anthropogenic noise making it easier to detect seismic events with enhanced clarity. To reconstruct the events of September 1973, we combined the seismic data with the historical archives of the Museo de la Memoria y los Derechos Humanos (Museum of Memory and Human Rights Foundation). This research offers a unique perspective on the recent history of Chile. It also highlights the importance of seismic and scientific records as elements of cultural heritage worthy of preservation and recognition. In addition, it underlines the close link between Chile’s seismological characteristics and the profound influence they have had on the shaping of the country’s identity serving as an invaluable source of inspiration for artistic representations of natural hazards and disasters. Finally, the article emphasizes the imperative of preserving historical scientific records, not only as invaluable resources for advancing scientific understanding, but also as foundational elements for fostering transdisciplinary collaborations. The safeguarding of these records facilitates the interplay between science and art, creating new pathways for the dissemination of complex scientific knowledge, while inspiring creative expressions that engage with and reflect on Chile’s cultural and natural history.
Derechos culturales de las comunidades afrocolombianas en el Departamento del Magdalena
Authors: Robles Manjarres Viannis Clareth , De Jesus Romero Echeona Celina Margarita
Published: December 2024

In Colombia, culture is a right enshrined in the Political Constitution, the indigenous and Afro-Colombian population are sheltered under this constitutional and legal recognition, so the duty to safeguard their integrity is not limited to the physical or territorial, but to reestablish, rebuild, promote and protect the intangible values ​​that surround their traditions, which were threatened and almost destroyed due to the internal armed conflict, which also hit the department of Magdalena.
The armed conflict generated in the indigenous groups a significant loss of their traditions, but around them different protection and recovery actions have been deployed that are quite visible in the Magdalena, however, the Afro-Colombians - blacks, palanqueros and Raizales - being an ethnic community Like the indigenous, it is completely unknown what type of reconstruction exercises are carried out for them, since today they present a serious problem of loss of cultural identity, which motivated the research project, aimed at determining what measures have been taken by the Colombian government at the national, departmental and district levels to guarantee the cultural rights of the Afro-Colombian peoples of Magdalena, for this a research approach will be implemented where qualitative and quantitative data converge applying field research techniques, such as the survey and the interview for Afro associations of the department of Magdalena, hoping to obtain results that clarify the panorama regarding the implementation of guarantees for the effective enjoyment of the cultural rights of the Afro community in Magdalena.
Reflexiones sobre la investigación científica en el programa de Derecho de la Fundación Universitaria de Popayán
Authors: Gutiérrez Pisso Julián Andrés , Caldón Palechor Johanna Fabiola
Published: December 2024

Traditionally, scientific research in the country's law schools has been scarce, due to the formalistic tradition that influences the teaching of legal science and despite the current guidelines of the Ministry of National Education that requires University Education programs to produce scientific each increasingly qualified, the results are not very encouraging, so it is relevant to address the factors that influence this phenomenon. This article presents some reflections that focus on the difficulties faced by Law students of the Popayán University Foundation in the generation of investigative competences during their professional training process, which were evidenced in the experiences shared in a space called Focus Group, an activity that was carried out in 2020, within the framework of a comprehensive research project that aims to strengthen investigative and innovation capacities in Social Law. The analysis of the results obtained will also be developed from the bibliographic review that addresses topics such as research in Law, the role of scientific production and teaching in Law Faculties.
Aproximación al modelo económico de Colombia: revisión histórica y teórica desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX
Authors: Arboleda Ramírez Paulo Bernardo , Orozco Henao Eliana Andrea
Published: December 2024

In this article, the result of research, the models of economic development in Colombia are identified from the second half of the 20th century, a period in which the State initiates a political, social and economic reconfiguration around the relations between the traditional political class with the business and industrial sector of the country. However, the bibliographic or documentary method is applied through a qualitative research approach that allows the bibliographic sources analyzed to be assessed in a rigorous and pertinent manner. It is concluded that the lack of investment in the agrarian and industrial apparatus in the country, as well as the little investment in technological development by the State and the private sector, are the basis of retardation measures in the country's economic model, in this way the Colombian economy lags behind the emerging economies.
Análisis del objetivo de desarrollo Sostenible 11 desde la felicidad urbana y el emprendimiento: desafío para la política pública
Authors: Jiménez-Coronado Angélica , Hernández-Palma Oona , Restrepo-Pimienta Jorge Luis
Published: December 2024

The objective of this research was to analyze Sustainable Development Goal 11 from the perspective of urban happiness and entrepreneurship in order to identify the challenges that emerge for public policy. For this purpose, a qualitative methodology was applied, using documentary analysis and interviews as data collection techniques. In the analysis of the categories studied, key elements were identified that allowed finding the main results; one of them is that the development plan of the city of Barranquilla is aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) specifically goal 11 which has been worked on the sustainable development of the city through the improvement of urban infrastructure, creation of new jobs and entrepreneurial ideas. As a result of this, challenges presented by public policy in terms of sustainable development in cities were identified.
Enhancing Obesity Detection Through SMOTE -based Classification Models: A comparative Study
Authors: Kamwele Mutinda John , Langat Amos , Marcel Djaha Regis Konan , Ndoto Munyao Jackson , Whitaker Lee , Auma Omondi Millicent
Published: December 2024

Objective: To use SMOTE to enhance class balance and compare the performance of different classification methods before and after applying SMOTE.
Methods: The study used a dataset from Kaggle. Consisted of several health-related features linked to obesity prediction. Checking for class imbalance within the dataset affected initial model performance. SMOTE was applied to synthetically increase the representation of minority classes,  reducing the class imbalance. It was conducted in two stages: 1. Training and testing the classification algorithms before applying SMOTE. 2. Training and testing the same models after applying SMOTE to enhance class balance. The performance of all models was evaluated based on metrics before and after the SMOTE application.
Results: Models Logistic Regression and Naive Bayes struggled with low sensitivity and specificity, and KNN (k=5) showed poor specificity. Significant improvements were observed across all models after applying SMOTE. Logistic Regression, despite a decrease in accuracy(-8.8), sensitivity and specificity increased substantially(+56.7%), with balanced accuracy improving(+16.6%). Naive Bayes saw a modest accuracy increase(+2.3%), with sensitivity and specificity improving(+47.9%). The KNN classifier exhibited a transformative enhancement with sensitivity and specificity increasing(+96.0%) and balanced accuracy(+28.3%). Deep Learning showed a significant increase in sensitivity (+69.8%), balanced accuracy (+29.4%), and an improvement in precision and F1-score despite a slight decrease in specificity(-10.9%).
Conclusion: The results demonstrate that while there might be slight trade-offs, the overall improvements in key metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, balanced accuracy, precision, and F1-score affirm the utility of SMOTE in enhancing model performance for imbalanced datasets
DEGRADAÇÃO DE SUPERFÍCIE DE UMA RESINA NANOPARTICULADA APÓS EXPOSIÇÃO A ENXAGUATÓRIOS BUCAIS CONTENDO ÁLCOOL E AGENTES CLAREADORES
Authors: Ohanna Oliveira Scarlet , Soares Luís Eduardo Silva
Published: December 2024

Atualmente, existe uma grande busca por estética dental, tanto por parte dos cirurgiões dentistas, quanto dos pacientes. Dentre tantas opções de tratamento, encontram-se disponíveis e de fácil acesso aos pacientes diversos tipos de enxaguatórios bucais. Entretanto, os efeitos destes agentes nas resinas compostas são amplamente discutidos e questionados. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar, através da análise de micro fluorescência de raios x por energia dispersiva (µ-EDXRF) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), os efeitos dos enxaguatórios bucais clareadores e contendo álcool, na superfície de uma resina composta de nanopartículas. Foram preparadas 50 amostras de resina composta (Z350, cor EA3) e divididas em 5 grupos: SA - saliva artificial (controle negativo); CP - enxaguatório sem álcool Colgate Plax (controle positivo); L - enxaguatório com álcool Listerine; OW – enxaguatório clareador Oral B e CW - enxaguatório clareador Colgate. As amostras foram imersas em 2ml de enxaguatório e saliva por 24h. Mapeamentos em área da superfície da amostra foram realizados por µ-EDXRF (20 x 20). Comparações dos valores médios da porcentagem em peso de Zircônia (Zr) e Sílica (Si) foram realizadas. Ocorreu aumento da porcentagem em peso de Si e Zr em todos os grupos. O grau de exposição da matriz inorgânica foi maior na ordem CW > OW > L > CP >SA. Os produtos CW e OW resultaram em uma maior exposição de nanoclusters do que os outros grupos. Todos os enxaguatórios causaram alteração na resina composta após utilização simulada de 2 anos
DIFICULDADES VIVENCIADAS PELOS PAIS DE CRIANÇAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA DE GLICOSE-6-FOSFATO DESIDROGENASE
Authors: Campos Farias Lavínia , Santos Chaves Lindamar , Eduarda Gobis da Cruz Livia , Furtado Valadão Analina , Morgana de Souza Lana Karoline
Published: December 2024

A deficiência de glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase (G6PD) é uma eritroenzimopatia que torna os eritrócitos mais suscetíveis à ocorrência de crises hemolíticas quando expostos aos agentes pró-oxidantes. O objetivo desse estudo é compreender as dificuldades vivenciadas por pais de pacientes portadores de DG6PD, a partir do diagnóstico da deficiência, no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, longitudinal retrospectivo com abordagem quantitativa, mediante a técnica exploratória em um período de dezembro de 2022 a fevereiro de 2023.Foi utilizado amostra não-probabilística por conveniência, recrutado por meio de redes sociais. O questionário próprio contou com 291 respondentes. Dentre as dificuldades mais apontadas destaca-se que 52% da amostra encontram impasses em identificar os sintomas de hemólise. Foi observado que 76,6% realizaram o diagnóstico na rede privada. Sobre como foi ter apoio dos órgãos públicos 67% relataram que foi difícil, onde 141 pessoas tiveram dificuldade em encontrar apoio desses órgãos. Dentre as adversidades vivenciadas pelos pais de crianças com deficiência G6PD, têm-se como principais a dificuldade de encontrar informações sobre essa eritroenzimopatia, conhecer os sintomas de hemólise e identificar os alimentos prontos que são isentos de corantes restritos, bem como a carência de apoio por parte dos órgãos públicos. Dessa forma, para minimizar essas dificuldades relacionadas ao cuidado, evidenciam-se a necessidade de maior divulgação das informações aos pais, tais como pelas redes sociais em destaque na presente pesquisa. Ademais, faz-se necessário uma ampliação de políticas públicas de apoio não somente a criança, mas também aos pais.
Description of elderly people with frailty in the city of Pereira, 2021
Authors: Arboleda-Campo Víctor Hugo , Muñoz-Rodríguez Diana Isabel , Cardona-Arango Doris , Segura-Cardona Ángela María , Robledo-Marín Carlos , Segura Alejandra , Giraldo-Gallo Erika
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Across the world, aging in the elderly is accompanied by an increase in pathologies, caused by mobility restrictions, physical and psychological problems that characterize the fragile state. Objetive: To analyze the spatial distribution of frail people aged ≥60 years in Pereira, a Colombian city. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 505 participants. Regarding geolocation, Google Earth and Qgis 2.16 software were used to create maps by neighborhoods and blocks and maps according to frailty. Results: In total, 4.4% of the people aged ≥60 years were classified as at risk of frailty, of which a significant relationship was found with disability, nutritional status and falls with a mean age of 71 years. Frailty distribution was shown to be unequal in the city’s neighborhoods, with women being more frequently affected. Conclusions: The information will favor public health decision makers to plan and manage strategies to meet the needs of the population, whose geolocation will allow to provide better living conditions in old age.
Validity and reliability of instruments for global measurement of disability: Systematic literature review
Authors: Rodríguez-Guevara Camila , Mera-Mamián Andry Yasmid , Muñoz-Rodríguez Diana Isabel , Montenegro-Martínez Gino , Roa-Urrutia Pablo Esteban , Giraldo-Gallo Erika Alejandra
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Various theoretical and conceptual frameworks have historically shaped the measurement of disability, many focusing on activity limitations due to impairments in bodily functions or structures. However, these perspectives do not comprehensively address other components, such as environmental factors and participation in life situations under various health conditions, which would provide a more holistic measurement of global disability. Objective: This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the available instruments for assessing disability using the ICF model. Additionally, the study sought to examine the validity and reliability of assessment procedures applied to these instruments. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed in Ovid, Embase, LILACS, Scopus, Rehabilitation Reference Center, and Google Scholar from 2012 to 2022. Independent reviewers performed screening, selection, and data extraction. Risk of bias assessment according to COSMIN and GRADE level of evidence was applied. Results: A total of 1,998 articles were identified, 188 were reviewed in full text, and 3 were included in the review. The identified scales for assessing global disability were WHODAS 2.0 and IMPACT-S. The quality of measurement properties for the first scale was indeterminate for structural validity and internal consistency and sufficient for hypothesis testing; the level of evidence was moderate. The IMPACT-S was indeterminate for structural validity and sufficient for internal consistency, reliability, criterion validity, and hypothesis testing. Conclusions: The most widely used instrument for measuring global disability is WHODAS 2.0, which has proven preventable across different contexts and populations.