bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prepare for It
Authors: Elder Angela Esco
Published: May 2023

This chapter explores weddings, war, and marriages at the beginning of the Civil War, when husbands enlisted by the thousands. While some men left behind wives that they had married decades before, other soldiers left spouses of mere weeks. The first shots of war carried with them a slew of hurried courtships, engagements, and weddings, as many couples made certain of their relationship status, particularly as they marched into an uncertain future. Exploring these marriages, the good and the bad, the deep and the superficial, uncovers exactly what wives lost when their husbands died at war. Their letters discussed a range of topics, including love, sex, duty, power, slavery, children, flirtations, and finances, and offer a rare look into the emotional expressions of a range of couples, spanning age, education, and geography. As the war grew long and battles grew bloodier, another topic joined the list, as soldiers increasingly reflected on war death and their own mortality.
I Must Be Taken Care Of
Authors: Elder Angela Esco
Published: May 2023

The nineteenth century work of reconstructing white widows’ lives did not begin with the end of the Civil War but with the end of a life. The death of a man triggered immediate and pressing decisions. This chapter explores how widows negotiated complicated politics and economic situations living in a war zone, leveraging their status as war widows when necessary. Widows not only were aware of the social capital they gained in widowhood but often used that capital for their own benefit during the war. Here, their ability to support the emotional regime of the Confederacy had real significance. Reconstructing a family also included the work of redefining households, as extended families debated who would retrieve a soldier’s body, where the body should be buried, where his widow should live both during the war and after, who would have what say in the raising of his children, and in some situations, who had the greater claim to grief. For some widows, remarriage came quickly, opening new avenues of support and criticism.
Beautiful Tributes Were Paid to Her
Authors: Elder Angela Esco
Published: May 2023

At the conclusion of the American Civil War, all widows made decisions about work, home, and possible remarriage. But in the former Confederacy, personal grief combined with communal mourning as memory, memorials, and monuments became a central concern for many white Southerners. This chapter explores Reconstruction and the part widows played in this project. While some elite widows, such as Emilie Todd Helm, sister of Mary Todd Lincoln, played starring roles, most widows did not. Economic class mattered; the widows of officers had more opportunities. Many war widows, too busy, tired, or emotionally spent, chose not to participate in formal memorialization organizations such as Ladies Memorial Associations. They also had nothing to prove. As Confederate widows they, by definition, had sacrificed in ways that intact families had not. They already had cultural standing. Together, this diversity in postwar mourning reveals that white women did not seamlessly work together to create a Lost Cause ideology and suggests that those the war hurt most had the least left to give.
A Fool’s Errand
Authors: Estes Steve
Published: May 2023

This chapter tells the story of the earliest surf shops on the Gulf Coast of Texas and chronicles the author’s effort to buy a used surfboard for the trip on Craigslist.
If Everybody Had an Ocean
Authors: Estes Steve
Published: May 2023

The author arrives in Galveston and discusses the relationship between surfing and commercial fishing on the Gulf Coast. This chapter also addresses the role of hurricanes in shaping waves and life on the barrier island communities where most southern surfing occurs.
Charlie Don’t Surf
Authors: Estes Steve
Published: May 2023

This chapter addresses the role of military bases and deployments in the coastal South that brought surfing from California and Hawaii to the region. The focus here is on the US Navy and Air Force bases near Pensacola and on the military service of southern surfers in the Vietnam War.
The Space Coast
Authors: Estes Steve
Published: May 2023

The author addresses competitive surfing, particularly the success of Cocoa Beach natives like eleven-time world champion, Kelly Slater, in the context of development of the “Space Coast” that accompanied the construction of NASA’s Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral during the Cold War. This chapter also addresses the challenges faced by women surfers.
Surf Local, Sell Global
Authors: Estes Steve
Published: May 2023

With the focus on Virginia Beach’s Wave Riding Vehicles, this chapter explores a small southern surf company that became a global industry leader. The chapter also addresses the rise of water parks in the Sun Belt and the improving technology of wave pools as well as the growing importance of surf camps for grooming young surfers.
To Sleep, Shop, or Serve?
Authors: Fleming Daniel T.
Published: May 2023

This chapter looks at the King Holiday during Bill Clinton’s second term, from 1997-2000. In this period, Clinton announced the One America dialogue on race, which encouraged American citizens to discuss their views on race and multiculturalism. The King Center and the Corporation for Community and National Services (CNCS) struggled, however, to connect the King Holiday to this nationwide discussion about race. Instead, a debate between the public, civil rights movement veterans, and the King family erupted, over who had the right to own and define King’s legacy. The King Estate licensed merchandising rights for King products, hoping to reach a global audience after the World Trade Organization finalized the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS) that globally protected and enforced intellectual property rights. At the same time, the King Estate and Time Warner company signed a deal to republish King’s works. The push to profit from King’s legacy concerned civil rights veterans like Jesse Jackson and John Lewis. Yet Dexter argued that republishing King’s work and the emerging Internet Technology would enable a new generation to access King’s ideas.
The Oikopolitic
Authors: Hernández Bernadine Marie
Published: May 2023

Chapter 1 argues that the trading of elite Californio female bodies made possible a political economy and capitalist expansion in the nineteenth-century borderlands. I draw on archive letters written by the daughters of wealthy Don José de la Guerra y Noriega, as well as testimonios and photographic collections from members of his family and those connected to him. I utilize the Greek understanding of oikonomia, which distinguishes the management of the household (or the domestic) from that of the state. De la Guerra’s oikonomia rests at the intersection of household management and political economy because of the ways in which he was able to use his daughters’ bodies (mostly through marriage) to gain economic leverage and political power. This meaning of the domestic and the political depended on biological reproduction and defined what were natural and proper forms of domestic labor. The de la Guerra household created the basis for racialized sexuality, which has always gone unseen and been abstract, but has also been both productive and reproductive. This precedent set the stage for constructions of “proper” femininity in opposition to racialized women who fell outside of these constructions.
Absent Presence
Authors: Hernández Bernadine Marie
Published: May 2023

Chapter 3 examines the archive of Josefa (Chipita) Rodríguez, hung by execution in San Patricio, Texas, in 1863. Rodríguez is largely absent from the historical archive, and her ghost, but never her actual body, is pursued in cultural productions after her death. Drawing on two books (the Texas Syndicated Press’s A Noose for Chipita and Eakin Press’s The Legend of Chipita: The One Woman Hanged in Texas, which left more gaps than they filled), as well as poetry and opera, Chapter 3 argues that Chipita is only visible through the economy of racially gendered violence she endured and invisible through her labor and capital accumulation.
Productive Racialized Sex
Authors: Hernández Bernadine Marie
Published: May 2023

Chapter 4 relies on court cases, short stories, and memoir to expose debt peonage as a sexual economy that built racialized civility and sexual capital, where idealized femininity and its counterpart, the fraught figure of poor and racialized Nuevomexicana and Hispana women— required not just to produce for their families but also the economic system of debt peonage— were tied to land and inheritance. While the first three chapters focus on the social history of sex and sexuality in the borderlands, this chapter marks a shift in this study to material effects of racialized sexuality in the court system and in the eyes of the law. The sexual economy produced by this system built both civility and capital, many times on the backs of lower-class Nuevomexicana bodies as opposed to the elite landholding Hispana body.
Filipinos Always Welcome
Authors: Khor Denise
Published: May 2023

This chapter considers the non-Japanese and working-class participants in Japanese film culture in the United States. Filipinos, in particular, were a sizable patronage for Japanese owned film theaters. Looking at the theaters catering to Filipino patrons, the chapter situates a film viewing public consolidated in opposition to intra-Asian relations and the racialized labor politics of Depression era California. The chapter considers the implications of Filipino presence in Japanese film culture in the United States not only as economically motivated, but also as constituting the sorts of cross-racial and localized encounters not easily incorporated into a singular conception of cinema, national or diasporic. In addition, Japanese played a role in exhibiting some of the earliest films from the Philippines to be seen in the continental United States and Hawaii. Tracing the circulation of Filipino films in the 1930s and 1940s, this chapter chronicles the transpacific movements of Tagalog talkies and their exhibition histories in Japanese owned theaters. Whereas the bulk of films under consideration were produced within the industry based in the Philippine archipelago, this chapter reveals a relatively unknown and no longer extant Filipino film made in San Francisco, California.
Let Us Continue
Authors: Kirkendall Andrew J.
Published: May 2023

Lyndon Johnson promised continuity, but many Kennedy aides feared that Johnson lacked a commitment to the democratic and reformist goals of the Alliance for Progress. A military coup in Brazil in 1964 and the US invasion of the Dominican Republic in 1965 suggested new directions for US policy.
The End of the Alliance for Progress and the Origins of the Human Rights Issue in U.S.-Latin American Relations
Authors: Kirkendall Andrew J.
Published: May 2023

The Nixon administration sought a return to Eisenhower era policies in Latin America. In response to the Vietnam War and a military coup in Chile, liberal Democrats begin to find in human rights a new issue around which to assert US moral leadership in the Cold War.
Butler ’ s Antebellum Journey
Authors: Leonard Elizabeth D.
Published: May 2023

This chapter examines Butler’s early career as a lawyer in Lowell, Massachusetts, his marriage to Sarah Hildreth and the family they created together, his involvement with the Massachusetts State Militia, and his growing interest and expanding participation in Democratic Party politics, both at the state level and, increasingly, nationally. The chapter closes with the Democrats’ 1860 Charleston convention at which—as a delegate—Butler famously and controversially threw his support behind Jefferson Davis. The chapter carefully revisits his reasoning for doing so.
New Orleans
Authors: Leonard Elizabeth D.
Published: May 2023

This chapter focuses exclusively on the months Butler commanded the U.S.’s occupation forces in rebel New Orleans, where the epithets “Beast Butler” and “Spoons Butler” (among others) were born. The details and quality of Butler’s leadership in New Orleans yielded both high praise and harsh criticism from residents and observers at the time, as well as from historians and Civil War enthusiasts since. This chapter carefully reexamines and reevaluates Butler’s record during the occupation, including his execution of William Mumford, his issuing of the “Woman Order,” his conflicts with unapologetic rebels and foreign consuls in the region, his efforts to protect the population from epidemic disease and uplift local Blacks and the poor, all while grappling with the complexities of his role in initiating national reconstruction and what to do about the enslaved people’s ongoing self-emancipation.
To Virginia and Beyond
Authors: Leonard Elizabeth D.
Published: May 2023

This chapter examines Butler’s wartime activities from the time he left New Orleans through the end of the war, focusing especially on his command of U.S. Colored Troops in the Army of the James. In conjunction with his previous exposure to slavery’s horrors and his establishment of the “contraband policy” at Fort Monroe early in the war, this experience cemented Butler’s commitment to Black Americans’ civil, political, and human rights for the duration of his life. This chapter also provides evidence of Butler’s administrative skills, which undeniably exceeded his skills as a field commander, but nevertheless represented a quality of military leadership that was of great importance to Union victory.
The Ogun Archetype in Jamaican Dancehall Music
Authors: Lettman Stacy J.
Published: May 2023

This chapter explores the ways in which Jamaican dancehall music harnesses the slave sublime aesthetic as a complicated agency, specifically the paradoxical and subversive power of the Yoruba god, Ogun through codes that blur the boundaries between literal and symbolic representations of violence. What has been absent until now is a reading of dancehall as a metalanguage. Signs are taken at face-value, thus overlooking the system of distorted meanings—strategies that are inherited from slavery to disguise encoded meanings from the master class. Jamaican dancehall music can be seen as a subaltern weapon initiated at the level of both sound and textuality: it serves as part of a long performative tradition in Jamaica, in which a revolutionary dialectic “waltzes” with nihilistic violence, performing (at times destructive) responses to state-sanctioned violence. While music more readily and forcefully gives voice to different types of violence than the literary text, allowing the musical agents to receive and deliver violence, it is critical to investigate how much of this has to do with (and plays into or manages to resist) the construction of black music as violence (noise).
The Death of Union and the Martyrdom of Elmer Ellsworth and Stonewall Jackson
Authors: Purcell Sarah J.
Published: May 2023

Public funerals during the Civil War, especially monumental public mourning rituals for Elmer Ellsworth and Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson, reinforced opposing Union and Confederate national identities. But public funerals also—even as they reinforced competing values—demonstrated the common cultural and political power of collective mourning. Public tears valorized dead, manly, white heroes; moved Americans and Confederates to fight one another; and also created common sets of rituals that could strengthen rival political identities.
George Peabody, Robert E. Lee, and the Boundaries of Reconciliation
Authors: Purcell Sarah J.
Published: May 2023

During Reconstruction, public funerals for the transatlantic philanthropist George Peabody and Confederate general Robert E. Lee created powerful scenes of reunification—both sectional and Anglo-American. Both men’s public funerals—Peabody’s in England and New England and Lee’s in Virginia—promoted visions of national reunion that favored Confederate forgiveness. Funeral rituals showed that many former Confederates wanted to rejoin the American nation on pro-Southern terms and that many Northerners let them.
Conclusion
Authors: Purcell Sarah J.
Published: May 2023

The public funerals for Congressman John Lewis in July 2020 show the durability of the forms of public memory discussed in this book, and the power of public funerals to help define US national identity in relation to the memory of the US Civil War. Many of the monuments and rituals discussed in the book have current-day echoes, especially as the COVID-19 pandemic has re-emphasized the importance of public mourning.
We Must Whip Them
Authors: Wert Jeffry D.
Published: May 2023

The Rapidan and Rappahannock rivers in central Virginia divided the winter camps of the opposing armies—the Union Army of the Potomac and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia. Officers and men in each army understood that active operations and engagements would resume with the spring weather. Relying on the letters and diaries of the foes, this chapter chronicles the sufferings and shortages endured by the soldiers during the winter of 1864 and the morale among them as they awaited the forthcoming campaign, which pitted the Civil War’s greatest generals—Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee—against each other.
Near to Momentous Happenings
Authors: Wert Jeffry D.
Published: May 2023

This chapter describes preparations for the main Union assault on the Mule Shoe. The initial success of Upton’s Assault convinced Ulysses S. Grant that a major offensive strike against the enemy defenses might result in a victory. He assigned the attack to Major General Winfield Scott Hancock’s Second Corps. Hancock’s 20,000-man command moved into position during the night of May 11-12, halting at the John and Elizabeth Brown farm located roughly three-fourths of a mile north of the Mule Shoe’s apex. Within the Rebel salient, Robert E. Lee removed twenty-nine cannons after receiving a report that the Federals were marching away from their lines, moving south. The information was, however, wrong, and Lee made a serious misjudgment.
The Situation Was Critical
Authors: Wert Jeffry D.
Published: May 2023

The successful Union breakthrough of the Confederate Mule Shoe defenses early on the morning of May 12, 1864, portended a crippling, if not decisive, defeat of Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia. This chapter examines the initial reactions of Lee’s veteran units to the enemy assault. John B. Gordon’s three brigades spearheaded the Southern counterattacks, driving the Yankees back to the salient’s apex and along the eastern and western faces. One of Lee’s finest division commanders, Robert E. Rodes, directed the response, ordering in Cullen Battle’s Alabama brigade and Stephen Dodson Ramseur’s North Carolina brigade. The opponents fought each other from both sides of the main breastworks and among the traverses, works that ran perpendicular to the outer line.
Against All Odds
Authors: Casavantes Bradford Anita
Published: May 2023

This chapter examines the period between 1933 and 1939, when American Jews responded to Adolf Hitler’s rise to power in Germany by seeking to bring one thousand co-religionist children out of the Third Reich and to the safety of American co-religionist foster homes. During the same period, American supporters of the Spanish republic came together to attempt to find temporary homes for five hundred Basque refugee minors in the United States. It explores the distinct worldviews, motives, and strategies adopted by Jewish and Basque children’s US advocates, as well as how changing notions of religion, race, and culture interacted with evolving understandings of the national interest to shape immigration law and policy in FDR’s America.
STUDI PERILAKU SEHAT, BERESIKO DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK PADA MAHASISWA ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Yohanes Diana Catharina , Muntasir Muntasir , Hinga Indriati A. Tedju
Published: May 2023

Perilaku sehat merupakan elemen yang paling penting bagi kesehatan dan keberadaan manusia. Perilaku hidup sehat mempunyai pengaruh positif terhadap terwujudnya status kesehatan masyarakat, termasuk mahasiswa. Mahasiswa cenderung untuk melakukan perilaku-perilaku tidak sehat yang dapat menimbulkan penyakit.  Mendiskripsikan perilaku kesehatan pada mahasiswa kesehatan masyarakat dari aspek perilaku kebersihan pribadi, perilaku makan, perilaku berisiko dan perilaku aktivitas fisik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh mahasiswa Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat FKM Undana berjumlah 1.257 mahasiswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara Stratified Random Sampling. Sampel sebanyak 93 mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku kebersihan baik sebesar 98,9%; perilaku kebersihan kurang baik sebesar 1,1%; mahasiswa yang memiliki perilaku makan baik sebesar 62,4% dan mahasiswa dengan perilaku makan kurang baik sebesar 37,6%, mahasiswa yang memiliki perilaku kurang berisiko sebesar 97,8% dan mahasiswa dengan perilaku berisiko sebesar 2,2%, mahasiswa yang memiliki aktivitas fisik aktif sebesar 78,5% dan mahasiswa dengan aktivitas fisik tidak aktif sebesar 21,5%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Mahasiswa Prodi IKM FKM Undana memiliki perilaku kesehatan yang baik. Diharapkan mahasiswa agar mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kesehatan dengan berperilaku yang sehat, serta para pimpinan fakultas untuk menyediakan fasilitas yang menunjang peningkatan status kesehatan mahasiswa dan civitas akademik.
INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE OF ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION IN SEVERE COVID-19 PATIENTS AT PKLI&RC
Authors: Salman Shahzad  , Muhammad Mohsin Ali  , Younas Tahira , Butt Yasir
Published: May 2023

Millions of people worldwide have been affected by the Coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) pandemic. Intensive care unit admissions are frequent and some patients with hypoxic respiratory failure need invasive mechanical ventilation. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 22 critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who required endotracheal intubation from March 2020 till August 2020 at our institute, a tertiary care government designated center for treating moderate and severely ill COVID patients. Patient’s demographics, clinical features, use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for intubation, intubation process, adverse events and anesthesiologist infection rate was determined. Patients intubated were elderly and comorbidities were common. We successfully intubated all patient using level-3 PPE. Hypoxia, hypotension, arrhythmias and unanticipated difficult airway were common events in peri-intubation period.
BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Ghazala Rubi
Published: May 2023

Biomedical Research encompass basic research to pre-clinical and then clinical research. Both preclinical and clinical research leads to drug development or certain innovations. As increased longevity of humans can be attributed to the advancement of medical research. Clinical Research involve human that include clinical trials. Applied research led to clinical research and it translate into product of research that expands in field of Medicine. But there is still a great need of better understanding of diagnostics and implications of advancement of medical research.

Among the major benefits of research are the development of vaccines of different infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, Polio, Measles, TB, Typhoid, and Hepatitis. Development of new surgical techniques as microsurgery have been increasingly successful in treatment of advanced diseases.1

Most of Medical Research is going on by Biomedical Scientists but significant discoveries have also been made by other Biologists. Research and publication play a very vital role in progress of sciences in any field.2 But this should always be kept in view that medical research on humans must be strictly followed the medical ethics, that has been found in World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.3 Therefore, scientific misconduct should be avoided while conducting biomedical research.
PERAN GURU SEBAGAI ORANG TUA ROHANI BERDASARKAN SURAT I DAN II TIMOTIUS
Authors: Nelly Nelly , Atonis Femi Mariance
Published: May 2023

The role of teachers in the quality education process needs to be improved. This is because the quality of teacher service can produce quality graduates. As Jesus was known as the Great Teacher and formed His disciples to continue the relay of the great commission of service, so did the Apostle Paul, following in the footsteps of Jesus Christ, formed his protÃ©gÃ© Timothy to become a good teacher of the church he served. This research is a literature review of Timothy's letter using descriptive methods about the role of teachers as spiritual parents and how teachers apply them. The conclusion is Paul's role as a spiritual parent for Timothy's protÃ©gÃ©, namely as an educator, mentor, encouragement, role model and friend. The results of this study are recommended to be applied to SDK Philia Ambulu Jember teachers. Keywords: The Role Of Teachers, Christian Religious Educators, Timothy, Spiritual Parents
Correlação entre ultrassonografia anorretal tridimensional e videolaparoscopia em mulheres com suspeita de endometriose profunda
Authors: Broch Luisa Rossetto , Lima Doryane Maria dos Reis , Morais Vinicius de Sousa , Yurk Thaylise Caroline , Mantovani Dânia de Camargo Lealdini
Published: May 2023

A endometriose é caracterizada por tecido glandular e endometrial fora da cavidade uterina. Que podem ser encontradas mais frequentemente na pelve, mas também podem ser achadas em vários locais, incluindo intestino, diafragma e cavidade pleural. Apesar de não ser maligno, o tecido endometrial ectópico e a inflamação, podem resultar em manifestações clínicas como constipação, dispareunia, dor crônica e infertilidade. A associação de sinais e sintomas, com os achados em exames de imagem de ultrassonografia anorretal e o procedimento cirúrgico de videolaparoscopia, podem presumir a presença de lesões endometrióticas. O diagnóstico definitivo de endometriose é histológico após biópsia ou ressecção da lesão por procedimento cirúrgico. Portanto, será desenvolvido um estudo retrospectivo e observacional, com uma amostra de mulheres portadoras de endometriose, submetidas a exames de imagem e presença de lesões.
La pérdida de valor de la industria automotora ABC Paulista
Authors: Yamauchi Gisele , Fróes de Borja Reis Cristina , De Oliveira Andrea
Published: May 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar la pérdida de valor de la industria automotora en el Gran ABC Paulista, Brasil, motor del crecimiento económico brasileño antes de la liberalización comercial y financiera de los 1990. A partir de la metodología histórico-estructural, en la tradición latinoamericana de los estudios centro y periferia, se evidencia que en las últimas tres décadas la región ha sufrido una reconfiguración productiva, en la que la industria automotora se redujo considerablemente, no sólo por las crisis económicas internas, sino también por las decisiones de gobernanza de las cadenas de valor de las grandes automotoras extranjeras.
El futuro de la cadena de valor global de la industria del automóvil: transformación y nuevos retos
Authors: Lampón Jesús F.
Published: May 2023

Este trabajo reflexiona sobre los principales retos que afronta la industria del automóvil y su impacto en los elementos de la cadena de valor global. La movilidad avanzada ligada al vehículo autónomo, la conectividad y la sostenibilidad han sido identificados como los factores clave que están reconfigurando la cadena de valor. Los nuevos actores ligados a esta movilidad avanzada han adquirido un elevado poder de decisión, posicionándose en los primeros niveles de suministro y participando de las actividades de mayor valor añadido e innovación tecnológica, reconfigurando el modelo de gobernanza y la geografía productiva de la cadena de valor global tradicional
Cadenas globales de valor: el auge (¿y caída?) De la globalización profunda
Authors: Kaplinsky Raphael
Published: May 2023

Este documento analiza el papel desempeñado por las cadenas globales de valor (CGV) en el mantenimiento a partir de los años ochenta del paradigma de la producción en masa, relacionando el declive de la participación de las CGV con la fractura de dicho paradigma. En la segunda parte, se analiza el surgimiento del nuevo paradigma tecno-económico de las TIC, concluyendo que, si bien no provocará el colapso de la globalización, sí cambiará su naturaleza. Las finanzas, la inversión, el conocimiento, la tecnología y los valores seguirán difundiéndose a escala mundial, pero la producción se acercará cada vez más al consumo. Pero las cadenas de valor transfronterizas seguirán expandiéndose, y serán predominantemente regionales y no mundiales
Ética e investigação em educação: a (in)visibilidade ético-epistemológica das crianças no consentimento informado
Authors: Pedro Ana Paula da Silveira Simões
Published: May 2023

De caráter qualitativo, este texto tem por objetivo essencial analisar, no âmbito da investigação em educação com crianças, a invisibilidade ou a visibilidade ético-epistemológica que lhes é dada. Pretende-se saber qual o modus operandi ético e epistemológico que os adultos, enquanto investigadores, demonstram relativamente às crianças, no que diz respeito a quatro dimensões específicas que se cruzam: 1) consentimento informado; 2) confidencialidade, anonimato e privacidade; 3) relações de poder entre adulto e crianças; 4) autoria da produção do conhecimento. Perante cada um destes aspetos, pretende-se saber se o investigador compreende e assume a sua tarefa fundamental neste processo de profundo questionamento crítico e de reflexividade ético-epistemológica que se impõe, tendo consciência de que não existe uma ética à la carte pronta a aplicar em qualquer circunstância.
Research on Evolutionary Game of Low-carbon Knowledge Sharing in Enterprise Strategic Alliance Considering Multiple Factors
Authors: Tang Xi , Feng Junwen , Feng Bo , Bai Zhenping
Published: May 2023

Knowledge sharing is an important way for enterprise strategic alliance to participate in enterprise learning and dissemination of low-carbon knowledge. According to the different enterprise size and knowledge level of strategic alliance participating enterprises, considering all kinds of influencing factors of knowledge sharing willingness of participating enterprises, this paper constructs enterprise strategic alliance knowledge sharing evolutionary game payment matrix and obtains evolutionary equilibrium solution. In view of the different values of the absorption and transformation ability coefficient of knowledge, the degree of complementarity of knowledge, and the degree of knowledge sharing, the influence of simulation on the knowledge sharing intention of enterprises is simulated. The research shows that the coefficient of knowledge absorption and transformation ability and the degree of knowledge complementarity have a great influence on the willingness of participating enterprises to knowledge sharing. The knowledge sharing willingness of enterprise strategic alliance participating enterprises is sensitive to the knowledge sharing degree of the two enterprises, and the sharing degree of enterprises with different knowledge levels has different effects on the knowledge sharing willingness of the two enterprises.
Integrating Technology in English Language Arts Teacher Education A Book Review
Authors: Walrond Honey
Published: May 2023

Integrating Technology in English Language Arts Teacher Education examines the significant challenges in English education when classroom teachers seek to incorporate technology into the English/ELA classroom.
Teachers' perceptions of parents in rural African communities
Authors: Oyinloye Bukola
Published: May 2023

Teachers’ perspectives of their pupils’ parents are a critical element of the relationship between schools, families, and communities. However, in various rural African communities, teachers’ views of parents’ perspectives and practices around schooling are primarily ones of deficit rather than strength. This paper deepens this literature by offering insight into teachers’ perspectives in two rural communities in Nigeria. Using an ethnographic approach and applying concepts from the capability approach, this paper explores teachers’ perceptions of  parents’ values in relation to their children’s schooling (parental functionings) and their views of the extent to which parents are able to pursue these functionings. The findings resonate with the existing deficit perspectives in the literature. In addition, the findings expand the literature by revealing an empathetic dimension to these deficit perspectives, suggesting that current evidence around teachers’ uniformly deficit perspectives of parents offers only a partial view. Illuminating the empathy that underpins teachers’ perspectives offers the possibility of finding common ground between schools and families which may widen opportunities for forging or deepening positive parent-teacher relationships which support children’s social, emotional, and academic development.
Social Media Effects on Academic Performance: Perceptions of Prospective Teachers
Authors: Zamir Sharik , Mujeeb Abdul
Published: May 2023

In today's modern society, technological advancement wrought the mosaic of social media. The evolved platform of social media has gained more currency and significance in everybody’s life. Social media is a platform for global communication, information sharing, and interaction among individuals and groups. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of prospective teachers of social media's effects on the academic performance of undergrads, strategies that improve academic performance, and the coping strategies that offset the negative influence of social media. In methodology, applying constructivist and interpretivist philosophical stances, the qualitative case study design was adopted. The sample was selected through a purposive sampling technique. The data collection was sourced from focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews. The data analysis was achieved by adopting within and cross-data thematic analysis processes. The study findings showcased social media’s dual influences on the academic performance of prospective teachers. The finding also suggested that social media serves as a platform to socialize and indirectly improve academic excellence. Time and mind management surfaced as key coping strategies to deter the negative influences of social media. The findings imply that students are now mentally more inclined to exploit social media offerings; however, in the absence of a proper support system, students and teachers will fail to tap into media technology and receive updates for teaching and learning. The recommendation necessitates that students maximize social media use to optimize academic activities that strengthen academic performance.
The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture Growth in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Hazrat , Rehman Abdur , Saddat Umme Ruqia , Manan Abdul , Qureshi Imran
Published: May 2023

Trade liberalization plays a vital role in the growth of any economy. However, the role of trade liberalization in the growth of Pakistan is not yet investigated. The main purpose of the current study is to evaluate the effect of trade liberalization on the enhancement of agricultural development in Pakistan. The secondary data for the 45 years from 1972 to 2016 have been drawn from the World Development Indicator and Pakistan Economic survey. The unit root tests, i.e., the Augmented Dicky Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) tests, were used to check the stationary level of the concerned variables. The ARDL framework was used to detect the short-run and long-run relationship of the variables. The study concluded that the reality of estimation exists for the long interval, which indicates that long-run correlations are present. The study further concluded that in the short and long run, trade liberalization, the consumer price index, and the numbers of tractors have a positive and significant impact on the growth of agriculture in the Pakistan economy. The diagnosis tests of different models show that the models are correct and stable.
Analyzing the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Participative Decision Making with Related Outcomes at Pakistani Higher Education
Authors: Zulfqar Asia , Valcke Martin , Hussain Bashir , Devos Geert
Published: May 2023

It is evident from the literature that transformational leadership [TL] and participative decision-making [PDM] is currently considered very dominating approaches in academia and significantly affect universities' performance. Both of these are also likely to be associated with other variables in the context of universities, such as teachers’ self-efficacy, motivation, and job satisfaction. Considering the significance of these variables, not much research has been conducted to examine the relationship between these variables in the context of Pakistani higher education. This study thus intends to measure the link between transformational leadership and participative decision-making with related outcomes of teachers’ self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation and job satisfaction. A survey was conducted to collect data from the teachers of four public and private universities in Pakistan. Through a stratified sampling technique, a sample of 218 teachers from public and private universities were collected to rate their leaders. Multiple regression analysis was carried out to conclude. Somewhat strange findings were inferred from the analyses. Our hypothesis is partially accepted as the impact of TL and PDM is associated with teachers’ job satisfaction in public and private universities. Moreover, the impact on intrinsic motivation is weak. These findings, to some extent, corroborated with earlier research and developed explanations of why Pakistani universities are different from other higher education institutes in view of adopting leadership and decision-making practices. It is, therefore, recommended that universities need to promote transformational leadership and engage teachers in participative decision-making to enhance their performance.
Perceptions of Students about Problem Based Learning at the College Level in Faisalabad
Authors: Ali Saif , Aslam Sadia , Qayyum Aminah , Hina Humaira , Nasir Hira , Saleem Rabia , Khan Sadaf I. , Manzoor Adeela , Nawaz Naima
Published: May 2023

Problem-based learning is viewed as more effective than the traditional learning approaches usually practices at the college level. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyse the perceptions of college students about problem-based learning followed by its advantages and impacts on the students. A total of 120 college students were selected from the two colleges (Government Postgraduate College Samanabad and Government Postgraduate College of Science) in the Faisalabad District of Punjab province. Considering the proportionate sampling, a total of 52 and 68 students from the Government Postgraduate College of Science and Government Postgraduate College Samanabad were selected respectively. Data were collected from the students using a questionnaire and collected data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The students had a high level of knowledge that Problem-Based Learning (PBL) motivated them, had positive impacts on the communication and leadership skills of the students and also fostered the knowledge, attitude and skills of students further improving the student’s academic performance. Creativity and adoption of advanced approaches (Mean: 4.03; Sd: 0.733), solution of any particular problem (Mean: 4.00; Sd: 0.889) and positive behaviour and character (Mean: 3.98; Sd: 0.957) were perceived as leading supporting factors towards the use of Problem-Based Learning Approach. This study concludes that PBL was more effective as compared to traditional approaches, thus it can be generalized at the colleges level to improve the knowledge, attitude and skills level of students. More research studies are also needed to explore the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the PBL at schools and colleges level.
Social Media Influence on Pakistani Youth’s Linguistic Expressions: A Predictive Study of Resultant Changes
Authors: Mehmood Arfa , Irfan Irsa , Hussain Muhammad Saboor
Published: May 2023

Social media has taken over our lives in this era of technology and globalization in many ways. Among many other impacts on the users, the language choices, and expressions, mostly preferred by youth, are manipulated and affected by such online platforms. With this in view, this research seeks to understand how social media has transformed the language expressions of young Pakistanis. It also focuses on the possible resultant changes in linguistic choices made by youth after being influenced by social media. Data was collected through previous papers to discover the research gaps, and an online survey/questionnaire was administered to fulfil this study's goal. Fifty participants were randomly selected from five educational institutions in Sialkot, Pakistan (Govt. College Women University, NISA College, University of Management and Technology, University of Central Punjab, and Govt. Murray Graduate College). The data was critically, qualitatively, and quantitatively evaluated and analyzed. Furthermore, the research findings have shown that social media language dominates youngsters' linguistic expressions in several ways. A shift could be observed from using the alphabet to signs and symbols impacting the youth's academic and formal linguistic expression in educational institutes.
LightAD: accelerating AutoDebias with adaptive sampling
Authors: Qiu Yang , Dong Hande , Chen Jiawei , He Xiangnan ,   School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science of Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
Published: May 2023

In recommendation systems, bias is ubiquitous because the data are collected from user behaviors rather than from reasonable experiments. AutoDebias, which resorts to metalearning to find appropriate debiasing configurations, i.e., pseudolabels and confidence weights for all user-item pairs, has been demonstrated to be a generic and effective solution for tackling various biases. Nevertheless, setting pseudolabels and weights for every user-item pair can be a time-consuming process. Therefore, AutoDebias suffers from an enormous computational cost, making it less applicable to real cases. Although stochastic gradient descent with a uniform sampler can be applied to accelerate training, this approach significantly deteriorates model convergence and stability. To overcome this problem, we propose LightAutoDebias (short as LightAD), which equips AutoDebias with a specialized importance sampling strategy. The sampler can adaptively and dynamically draw informative training instances, which results in better convergence and stability than does the standard uniform sampler. Several experiments on three benchmark datasets validate that our LightAD accelerates AutoDebias by several magnitudes while maintaining almost equal accuracy.
Impacto da água residuária de curtume no crescimento inicial da Atriplex nummularia Lindi cultivada em luvissolo.
Authors:   , Ferreira de Freitas Feitosa Jefferson
Published: May 2023

Diversas atividades humanas podem trazer como consequência à degradação do solo. Na pecuária destaca-se o processo do curtimento do couro como atividade potencialmente degradatória, pela deposição dos resíduos nas diferentes etapas, iniciadas com a salga que gera uma água residuária de elevada carga orgânica, geralmente depositada nas áreas do entorno dos matadouros. Buscar mecanismos para minimizar o impacto causado ao solo pela atividade é imprescindível, sendo a possibilidade do uso de plantas tolerantes aos elevados níveis de salinização uma importante estratégia de fitorremediação, a exemplo da erva sal (Atriplex nummularia L.). A pesquisa objetivou verificar o impacto da irrigação com água residuária de curtume no crescimento inicial da erva sal e realizar diagnóstico preliminar do solo da área de descarte de salmoura. Foi realizado um estudo de caso e uma pesquisa de campo em Sumé (PB), que constou da caracterização do solo da área e do estabelecimento das mudas de erva sal, irrigada com diferentes diluições (100%, 50%, 20%, 4,0% e 0,8% de salmoura). As mudas de atriplex foram plantadas em vasos de 5L, usando um Luvissolos, sem adição de matéria orgânica. Os resultados da análise do solo indicaram que os atributos químicos do solo da área de deposição da salga do couro apresentam teores de sódio, matéria orgânica e condutividade elétrica elevados no local e no entorno e que houve acréscimo dos teores de sais no solo dos vasos, sobretudo naqueles que receberam irrigação com 100%, 50% e 20% de salmoura (Na 161,7 - 91,3 - 22,6 cmolc dm-3 e CE 21,13 - 14,42 - 10,5 dS m-1 respectivamente). Embora com reduzido tempo de cultivo, foi possível evidenciar que a Atriplex nummularia apresentou potencialidades de expressiva tolerância ao desenvolvimento em solos de áreas contaminadas pela salinidade da salga de couro, respondendo ao incremento de salinidade da água de irrigação quando se consideram o aumento de produção de biomassa e do sistema radicular.
A alquimia da terra e a arte com barro na visão das louceiras da comunidade do Ligeiro de baixo Serra Branca (PB).
Authors:   , Guimarães Cristiane
Published: May 2023

A argila, matéria prima da atividade cerâmica ou louça de barro, é um material que proporciona oportunidades criativas diversas, em função da maleabilidade e flexibilidade que apresenta. A produção da louça de barro é uma atividade antiga, perfazendo costumes e valores da humanidade, presente nas diversas localidades, especialmente nos ambientes rurais, e, em que pese a beleza das peças e a importância da atividade como arte e gerador de trabalho e renda, a desvalorização das ceramistas é expressiva. A pesquisa objetivou analisar a percepção das louceiras da comunidade rural do Ligeiro de Baixo, em Serra Branca/PB sobre a sua arte, seus saberes e dificuldades, perspectivas e potencialidades, à luz da Etnopedologia, ciência que estuda a relação das pessoas com o solo. A metodologia usada foi baseada no registro etnográfico com entrevista não estruturada, dando liberdade ao pesquisador para ir além das respostas e a pesquisa teve caráter qualitativo. Os resultados verificados expressam como principais dificuldades das louceiras a ausência de apoio para a comercialização e fortalecimento da atividade. Percebeu-se ainda a necessidade de associativismo e de orientações para o empreendedorismo. Embora os desafios sejam cada vez mais expressivos, as louceiras continuam firmes em se definir como artesãs, manipulando com graça e transformando a argila em belas peças. Ressalta-se na pesquisa que o artesanato com barro no Cariri sobrevive por si só, ainda que encontre obstáculos para isso.