bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From the “Nationals of the Superior Country” to the “Scumbags”: The Reversal of the Image of Chinese in Korea at the Late 19th Century (1896–1899)
Authors: Wang En-Mei
Published: May 2019

After the end of the First Sino-Japanese War, the social status of the Chinese in Korea changed dramatically, and so did their image. They were viewed as the nationals of the superior country beforehand, but were considered “unruly,” “uncivilized,” “barbaric,” and “unsanitary and dirty” thereafter. This research aims to explore how and why this reversal of image happened by focusing on the reportages of the Independent from 1896 to 1899. The Independent, or Tongnip Sinmun, was one of the modern newspapers influenced by the Western civilization. Published fully in Korean, the Independent was meant to enlighten the Korean multitudes by reporting the situation of the nation to the general public. From 1896 to 1899, the Chinese were put in a position of “nationals without treaty,” which led to the fall of their status in Korea due to lack of protection of their country. Their image was further damaged because of the rise of Korean nationalism, which was elaborated along with the modernization. By examining the Chinese in Korea at the end of 19th century and the change of their image, this research tries to illustrate an intensive case of “Othering,” (that is, the birth of the Overseas Chinese) for the reason that they were considered to be not only superior, but also “Us” in the Hua-Yi system（華夷體系）before the War, and foreigners because of the Korean nationalism.
Function Words of Arabic Origin in Hausa
Authors: Zając Patryk
Published: May 2019

The aim of this paper is to analyse Hausa function words of Arabic origin which act as grammatical elements within sentence structure. The twenty-one items identified in Hausa dictionaries as Arabic loans have been presented with reference to their grammatical status (nouns, particles, phrases) and function (co- and subordinators, prepositions). The descriptive features of the Arabic forms and their Hausa counterparts have been taken from reference grammars and verified contextually in regard to their functioning in sentences extracted from texts published on the BBC web-site. As a result, the function words of Arabic origin in Hausa were divided into groups according to their grammatic or pragmatic/stylistic functions. The analysis shows that the Hausa function words are result of contextual adaptation of the Arabic words to the Hausa grammar rather than simply lexical borrowings.
Manqabad: A Crucial Satellite of Ancient Asyut. A Preliminary Outline Through the Archaeological Data
Authors: Pirelli Rosanna
Published: May 2019

The Italian-Egyptian project at the Monastery of Abba Nefer at Manqabad started in 2011. The first three campaigns, carried out between 2011 and 2013, were actually brief surveys, strongly affected by the political instability of the country. During these surveys, the mission identified most of the structures already brought to light and recorded by previous investigations. Finally, during the campaign of autumn 2014, it was possible to work longer and to start the topographical survey and the investigation of the numerous structures still extant on the site.

During the same season, the study of the previously discovered findings was also started. By analysing the two inventories kept in El-Ashmunein and Asyut (Shutb), it was possible to determine the number and nature of all the finds and their conservation status.

Comparing the archaeological observations on the site and the studies of these last years on the finds (especially ceramics, and architectural elements) and on some written sources, this paper presents a synthesis of the results achieved so far, with a new focus on the pre-Christian phases.

These results lead us to rethink and partially reformulate the articulation of the project and to broaden its final objectives.
Il ḏikr nella ṭarīqa Burhāniyya secondo l’insegnamento di Muḥammad ‘Uṯmān ‘Abduhu al-Burhānī
Authors: Leccese Francesco Alfonso
Published: May 2019

The ḏikr, the remembrance of God, is a Sufi ritual that is common to many Sufi orders and is performed by each of them in accordance to precise rules. While the rules may differ in its practice, the final aim is the same: coming near God through the repetition of His beautiful names.

My paper is focused on the method introduced by šayḫ Muḥammad ‘Uṯmān ‘Abduhu al-Burhānī, a Sudanese Sufi master who lived and spread his teachings during the 20th century.

Collective ḏikr is also an important element of the procedure of ḥaḍra, a traditional sufi ceremony which is performed regularly by the disciples of Burhāniyya once a week, as well as on important occasions, such as the mawlid in commemoration of the birth of the Prophet and of Sufi saints. Today the participation in this ritual has a crucial meaning for the Burhāniyya adherents, as it represents the affirmation of their Sufi identity within contemporary Muslim world.
Painted Inscriptions and Graffiti in the Jewish Catacombs of Venosa: An Annotated Inventory
Authors: Lacerenza Giancarlo
Published: May 2019

Since the official discovery of the Jewish catacombs of Venosa, Italy, in 1853, about 80 epitaphs and graffiti written in Hebrew, Greek and Latin have been found. These epitaphs constitute a unique source of information on the lives, family relationships and social status of the Jews living in late ancient Venusia. Although almost all of these inscriptions have long been accessible in published form, many doubts nonetheless persist as to their exact locations in the catacombs, and whether or not they remain in situ today. This article presents the results of a general survey undertaken in the catacombs in recent years, showing what has been lost and what actually remains.
Economic Populism and Producerism: European Right-Wing Populist Parties in a Transatlantic Perspective
Authors: Ivaldi Gilles , Mazzoleni Oscar
Published: May 2019

This article aims to develop a conceptual framework to address the economic dimension of right-wing populism. Moving beyond classic left-right economics and the divide between economic and cultural approaches, it argues that the political economy of right-wing populists is intertwined with cultural values in the construction of the ‘true’ people as an economic community whose well-being is in decline and under threat, and therefore needs to be restored. Looking at populist traditions across Europe and the United States, the paper emphasizes the significance of ‘producerist’ frames in economic populism. This is illustrated through an empirical analysis of differences and similarities in the economic policies and discourses of three established right-wing populist parties based in Europe (FN, SVP and UKIP), and the Tea Party and Donald Trump in the United States. We find that economic populist frames are common to all of the parties under scrutiny, albeit subject, however, to different interpretations of the producerist antagonism and groups. Our findings confirm that the intersection between economic populism and producerism provides a new—and fruitful—perspective on right-wing populism, while simultaneously demonstrating the relevance of a transatlantic approach to the study of the populist phenomenon.
A new species of the genus Xysticus C. L. Koch from Turkey (Araneae: Thomisidae)
Authors: DEMİR HAKAN , TOPÇU AYDIN , TÜRKEŞ TUNCAY
Published: May 2019

A new species of Xysticus C. L. Koch, 1835 is described from Turkey. Differences between the new species and related species are discussed.
Descriptions of a new species of Idaea Treitschke and the female of Scopula vojnitsi Inoue (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae) from the Russian Far East
Authors: BELJAEV EUGENE A.
Published: May 2019

Idaea khankaensis, sp. n., and the female of Scopula vojnitsi Inoue from Primorsk Territory (southern Russian Far East) are described and illustrated. The taxonomic positions of both species are discussed briefly.
Four new species of the genus Coelotes (Araneae: Amaurobiidae) from China
Authors: XU XIANG , LI SHUQIANG
Published: May 2019

Four new Coelotinae species are reported: Coelotes capacilimbus spec. nov., C. conversus spec. nov., C. indistinctus spec. nov. and C. introhamatus spec. nov. A detailed description and illustrations of each new species are presented and differences with related species are discussed. A distribution map of all four new species is provided.
Rivulus kayapo n. sp. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): a new killifish from the serra dos Caiapos, upper rio Araguaia basin, Brazil
Authors: COSTA WILSON J.E.M.
Published: May 2019

Rivulus kayapo, new species, a member of the Rivulus punctatus species group from the rio Caiapó drainage, upper rio Araguaia basin, is described. It is similar to R. pinima by the absence of bars on the caudal fin and flank in both sexes, in having longitudinal rows of red dots along the entire flanks in both sexes, and in having longitudinally elongated white mark above the caudal spot in females. Rivulus kayapo differs from R. pinima in having more caudal-fin rays, the dorsal-fin origin more posteriorly placed, and fewer scales in the longitudinal and transverse series; and differs from all congeners of the R. punctatus species group by possessing a unique reticulate color pattern on the flanks in males. A key for identification of species of Rivulus from the rio Araguaia-Tocantins basin is provided.
A new species of the genus Thalassaphorura from East China (Collembola: Onychiuridae)
Authors: YAN HAIJUAN , SHI SHIDI , CHEN JIANXIU
Published: May 2019

A new onychiurid species, Thalassaphorura qixiaensis sp. nov., is reported from Jiangsu Province of East China. Morphologically, it is very similar to the widely-spread and definitely parthenogenetic species Th. encarpata (Denis, 1931). The new species is gamogenetic and differs from the latter in labial palp and proximal setae. A key to the Chinese species of the genus is given.
A new species of Brazilian Dendrocephalus (Anostraca, Thamnocephalidae)
Authors: RABET NICOLAS
Published: May 2019

Dendrocephalus thieryi nov. sp., discovered in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, is described. The new species is defined by a unique morphology of its male frontal appendage and of the endopodites of the first four thoracopods. A dichotomous key to all known Dendrocephalus species based on male morphology is presented.
Revision of world species of the genus Heptascelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea, Platygastridae)
Authors: JOHNSON NORMAN F. , MASNER LUBOMÍR , MUSETTI LUCIANA , NOORT SIMON VAN , K. RAJMOHANA , DARLING D. CHRISTOPHER , GUIDOTTI ANTONIA , POLASZEK ANDREW
Published: May 2019

The world species of the genus Heptascelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea, Platygastridae) are revised. The generic concept is expanded and the genus is redescribed. Eighteen species are recognized, of which only two were described previously: H. lugens Kieffer (Philippines) and H. striatosternus Narendran & Ramesh Babu (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Madagascar). Both species are redescribed, and H. punctisternus Narendran & Ramesh Babu is considered a junior synonym of H. striatosternus (new synonymy). The following species are described as new: H. albipes Masner, van Noort & Johnson, n.sp. (Cameroon, Gabon, Uganda); H. anthonyi Masner & Johnson, n.sp. (Zimbabwe); H. aquilinus Masner & Johnson, n.sp. (South Africa); H. bivius Johnson & Masner, n.sp. (Indonesia); H. castor Masner & Johnson, n.sp. (Indonesia, Malaysia); H. dayi Masner & Johnson, n.sp. (Indonesia); H. dispar Masner & Johnson, n.sp. (Botswana, Namibia, South Africa); H. hamatus Masner & Johnson, n.sp. (Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan); H. lateralis Johnson, van Noort & Masner (Central African Republic, Gabon); H. noyesi Masner & Johnson, n.sp. (Madagascar); H. orarius Johnson & Masner, n.sp. (Madagascar); H. paralugens Masner & Johnson, n.sp. (Philippines); H. sicarius Johnson & Musetti, n.sp. (Madagascar), H. strigatus Masner, Johnson & van Noort, n.sp. (Gabon, Central African Republic); H. teres Johnson & Masner, n.sp. (Madagascar), and H. watshami Masner & Johnson, n.sp. (Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Zimbabwe). Heptascelio watshami has been reared from the eggs of Plagiotriptus pinivorus Descamps (Orthoptera: Thericleidae), a pest of pine. An electronic version of the identification key is available at WaspWeb at http://www.waspweb.org/ Platygastroidea/Keys/. The electronic version of this document has been formatted with embedded links to additional resources available online via the internet both to enhance the content and as a demonstration of the utility of international standards for biodiversity informatics.
First record of the tribe Diglottini from South America with description of Diglotta brasiliensis n. sp. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)
Authors: CARON EDILSON , RIBEIRO-COSTA CIBELE STRAMARE
Published: May 2019

The tribe Diglottini Eichelbaum, 1909 comprises two halophilous rove beetle genera Diglotta Champion, 1899, and Paradiglotta Ashe & Ahn, 2004. The tribe contains eight known species distributed in the Nearctic and West-Palaearctic regions, and also Fiji Islands and New Zealand. This tribe is recorded for the first time from South America with the description of a new species, Diglotta brasiliensis n. sp. from southern Brazil (Paraná). Characters of the mouthparts, aedeagus and spermatheca of the new species are illustrated and compared with other Diglotta species. Sexual dimorphism is reported for the first time in the genus.
Two new species of Hainokisaruzo Yoshitake & Colonnelli from China, with a checklist of the species of the genus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchinae)
Authors: HUANG JUNHAO , YOSHITAKE HIRAKU , ZHANG RUNZHI , ITO MOTOMI
Published: May 2019

Hainokisaruzo wuyishanensis Huang, Yoshitake & Zhang, sp. n., and H. fulvus Huang, Yoshitake & Zhang, sp. n., are described from the Wuyishan Mountains of Fujian Province, southeastern China. Hainokisaruzo wuyishanensis is characterized by a slender rostrum, narrow brownish scales covering the elytra, three white bands of narrow scales, large apical mucrones on the mid and hind tibiae in the male, and a large, deep, semicircular concavity on the male ventrite V. In addition, the female pygidium lacks a carina, the spiculum gastrale is robust and bent leftward in dorsal view and the aedeagal body is roundly broadened before the apex and then constricts rapidly and projects acutely apicad. Hainokisaruzo fulvus is characterized by a stouter rostrum, narrow black scales covering the elytra, three white bands of elliptical scales, large apical mucrones on the middle and hind tibiae in the male, shallowly concave pygidia in both sexes, a large, deep, transverse, kidney-shaped concavity on the male ventrite V, a slender spiculum gastrale that is bent rightward in dorsal view and an aedeagal body that is gradually constricted and bluntly projected toward the apex. A checklist of the genus is also provided.
Review of the East-Asian genus Reticulaphis (Aphididae: Hormaphidinae), with two new species
Authors: YEH HSIN-TING , KO CHIUN-CHENG , HSU TUNG-CHING
Published: May 2019

Reticulaphis species (Aphididae: Hormaphidinae: Nipponaphidini) feed mainly on Ficus species as secondary hosts, and are endemic to eastern Asia. The fauna of this genus was surveyed in Taiwan, and material from East Asian countries borrowed from the Natural History Museum, London. Taxonomic problems associated with variation between samples are discussed, and as a result four subspecies of R. distylii (van der Goot) are recognized as independent species: asymmetrica Hille Ris Lambers & Takahashi, fici (Takahashi), foveolatae (Takahashi), and rotifera Hille Ris Lambers & Takahashi. R. distylii subsp. minutissima Hille Ris Lambers & Takahashi is synonymised with R. foveolatae (Takahashi); the taxonomic position of subsp. similis remains ‘incertae sedis’. Two new species are described based on apterous adult females: R. inflata sp.n. from Taiwan and Hong Kong, and R. septica sp. n. from Taiwan. An illustrated key is provided to the eight recognized species, but excluding the type species, R. shiiae Takahashi that remains known only from its description.
Species of the Protohermes sabahensis group (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) from eastern Malaysia
Authors: LIU XINGYUE , HAYASHI FUMIO , YANG DING
Published: May 2019

The Protohermes sabahensis species–group is newly proposed from eastern Malaysia. All species of this group are described and illustrated as new to science.
When starvation challenges the tradition of niche conservatism: On a new speciesof the saxicolous genus Phymaturus from Patagonia Argentina withpseudoarboreal foraging behaviour (Iguania, Liolaemidae)
Authors: SCOLARO JOSÉ ALEJANDRO , IBARGÜENGOYTÍA NORA RUTH , PINCHEIRA-DONOSO DANIEL
Published: May 2019

The genus Phymaturus is known on the basis of almost twenty species with clear tendency to conserve saxicolous or terrestrial, and herbivorous niche. In this work, we present the description of a remarkable new Phymaturus species, Phymaturus agilis, with the peculiar ability to climb on large shrubs to feed on fresh flowers and fruits. This new species is a member of the Phymaturus patagonicus clade, restricted to Patagonia Argentina. Phymaturus agilis occurs at about 1100m of elevation in a volcanic rocky plateau close to Ingeniero Jacobacci, in the south western area of Rio Negro Province, Argentina. Comparative analyses conducted on morphological and coloration traits revealed substantial differences from Phymaturus spectabilis, the only Phymaturus species living in sympatry with P. agilis. Individuals of both species had recently been recognized as members of a single taxon with broad phenotypic variation.
Two new Neotropical spiders of the genera Oecobius and Platoecobius (Araneae: Oecobiidae)
Authors: SANTOS ADALBERTO J. , GONZAGA MARCELO O.
Published: May 2019

Two new species of Oecobiidae are described from Central and South America, representing the first native members of the family recorded south of Mexico. Oecobius eberhardi sp.nov. is described based on male and female specimens collected from two localities in Costa Rica. Platoecobius kooch sp.nov., the second species in the genus, is described from female specimens collected in Southern Argentina. A new diagnosis is proposed for the genus Platoecobius Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935, which now includes one species endemic to the south-eastern USA and another from Argentinean Patagonia.
Thysanoptera of Southeastern U.S.A.: A checklist for Florida and Georgia
Authors: DIFFIE STAN , EDWARDS G. B. , MOUND LAURENCE A.
Published: May 2019

A list is presented of 275 species of the Order Thysanoptera known from Florida and 202 species from Georgia; only 122 of these species are from both states. The list was compiled from museum collections, literature reviews, and records of recent introductions. More than 60 exotic species are from the Caribbean basin, with a few recently introduced species from the Oriental region. The lack of available North American faunal information concerning thrips is emphasized (this being derived from haphazard collecting and in only a few areas), as well as the lack of reliable literature for identifying native North American Thysanoptera.
Check-List of the South-African Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda)
Authors: SMIRNOV N. N.
Published: May 2019

Examination of about 290 samples collected within 25–34.5° S, 18–33° E and consideration of the previous publications revealed about 112 species of Cladocera. Newly recorded species are 18 (including not yet described taxa). Endemics (including not yet described species) are 16, making about 7% of known species. A rather wide representation of species occurring in the Palearctic is remarkable.
A new genus and species of mites of the family Caraboacaridae (Acari: Heterostigmata) associated with carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Iran
Authors: HAJIQANBAR HAMIDREZA , KHAUSTOV ALEXANDER , KAMALI KARIM , SABOORI ALIREZA , KAMALI HASHEM
Published: May 2019

A new genus and species of mites of the family Caraboacaridae (Acari: Heterostigmata), Minicaraboacarus quadridiscalis Hajiqanbar and Khaustov n. gen., n. sp. associated with Cymbionotum semelederi (Chaudoir, 1851) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) is described from Iran. The leg chaetotaxy and solenidiotaxy of mites of the family Caraboacaridae are discussed.
Azana atlantica, n.sp., with reduced mouthparts and two ocelli: first record of Azana for the Neotropical region (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Sciophilinae)
Authors: DE SOUZA AMORIM DALTON , OLIVEIRA SARAH SIQUEIRA , BALBI MARIA ISABEL P. A.
Published: May 2019

A new Sciophilinae—Azana atlantica, sp.n.—is described from the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. The species has a number of distinctive apomorphic features, including loss of the mid ocellus, reduced mouthparts, Sc short and incomplete, first section of Rs missing, r-m elongated, longitudinal in position, aligned with the second section of Rs (R 5 ), unforked medial and cubital veins, R 4 missing, M 4 entirely absent, gonostyle triangular, with an inner row of elongated spines and a basal, digitiform inner projection. Some of these features are shared with other genera of the Azana- group of Sciophilinae. The shape of the scutum and the strong spines on the gonostyle make it clear that the species belongs in Azana, despite the features that are distinctive from the remaining species in the genus. There are ten species described in Azana to date, from United States, Europe, Sri Lanka, Canary Islands, tropical Africa and Baltic amber. This is the first Neotropical species belonging to the genus. The complete loss of M 4 and the separated gonocoxites suggest that Azana atlantica, sp.n. forms a monophyletic group with the Afrotropical species of the genus. Azana, Morganiella, Neoaphelomera, Neotrizygia, and Trizygia are shown to compose a small clade within the Azana-group of genera. The division of the genus into two subgenera—A. (Azana) and A. (Jugazana)—most probably renders A. (Azana) paraphyletic and it is suggested that this should be for the time being abandoned.
Molecular evidence for a polyphyletic genus Japonia (Architaenioglossa: Cyclophoridae) and with the description of a new genus and two new species
Authors: LEE YEN-CHEN , LUE KUANG-YANG , WU WEN-LUNG
Published: May 2019

Cyclophoridae is the dominant family of operculated terrestrial snails in East Asia. The group consists of four subfamilies and approximately 300 species that are currently classified into 34 genera. The species occupy various habitatsand show a high morphological diversity. The molecular phylogenetic relationships of this group have not previously been discussed. In order to uncover the relationships within the family, we sequenced parts of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and of the 16S rRNA gene from 32 species of 10 genera of cyclophorid and established the phylogenetic tree using neighbor joining, Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses to construct phylogenetic trees. The results based on mtDNA sequences suggest that the genera Cyclophorus, Cyclotus, Leptopoma, and Cyathopoma are monophyletic while the traditional genus Japonia appeared polyphyletic and then J. zebra should be moved to the new genus Pilosphaera. In addition, Pilosphaera yentoensis n. sp. and Japonia boonkioensis n. sp. are described in this paper.
A new species of Velarifictorus Randell, 1964 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllnae: Modicoryllini) bearing similarities to the Landrevinae from China
Authors: MA LIBIN , QIAO MIN , ZHANG TAO
Published: May 2019

Three species of Velarifictorus bear similarities to those of the Landrevinae. They are V. elephas Gorochov, 1992, V. bubalus Gorochov, 1992 and V. gradifrons Ingrisch, 1998. They are stout, reddish or chocolate brown colored. Here, another similar new species is described from China.
Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change Assessment: Part I: Detection and Attribution
Authors: Knutson Thomas , Camargo Suzana J. , Chan Johnny C. L. , Emanuel Kerry , Ho Chang-Hoi , Kossin James , Mohapatra Mrutyunjay , Satoh Masaki , Sugi Masato , Walsh Kevin , Wu Liguang
Published: May 2019

An assessment was made of whether detectable changes in tropical cyclone (TC) activity are identifiable in observations and whether any changes can be attributed to anthropogenic climate change. Overall, historical data suggest detectable TC activity changes in some regions associated with TC track changes, while data quality and quantity issues create greater challenges for analyses based on TC intensity and frequency. A number of specific published conclusions (case studies) about possible detectable anthropogenic influence on TCs were assessed using the conventional approach of preferentially avoiding type I errors (i.e., overstating anthropogenic influence or detection). We conclude there is at least low to medium confidence that the observed poleward migration of the latitude of maximum intensity in the western North Pacific is detectable, or highly unusual compared to expected natural variability. Opinion on the author team was divided on whether any observed TC changes demonstrate discernible anthropogenic influence, or whether any other observed changes represent detectable changes. The issue was then reframed by assessing evidence for detectable anthropogenic influence while seeking to reduce the chance of type II errors (i.e., missing or understating anthropogenic influence or detection). For this purpose, we used a much weaker “balance of evidence” criterion for assessment. This leads to a number of more speculative TC detection and/or attribution statements, which we recognize have substantial potential for being false alarms (i.e., overstating anthropogenic influence or detection) but which may be useful for risk assessment. Several examples of these alternative statements, derived using this approach, are presented in the report.
Organizational Political Ideology and Corporate Openness to Social Activism
Authors: Gupta Abhinav , Briscoe Forrest
Published: May 2019

This paper argues that organizations tend to be more “open” or “closed” as a function of their members’ political ideologies and that this variation can help explain firms’ responses to social activism. Integrating research on social activism with political psychology, we propose that when firms experience activists’ protests, a liberal-leaning firm will be more likely to concede to activists’ demands than its conservative-leaning counterpart, because its decision makers will more readily accept the interconnectedness of the firm’s activities with the activists’ claims. Building on this core concept, we examine how factors that increase the salience of an organization’s ideology also amplify its effect on responses to protests. Based on a longitudinal sample of 558 protest events directed against Fortune 500 firms from 2001 to 2015, our results support the notion that liberal-leaning firms concede more to activism, an effect that exists after accounting for the ideological valence of the protest issues. When an organization’s members are more proximate to the corporate headquarters, this effect of its ideology is heightened. The same is true when the firm’s ideology is incongruent with that of its local community or its industry. These findings inform research on the organizational implications of political ideologies, as well as on social movements, institutional complexity, and non-market strategy.
Sovereignty Rupture as a Central Concept in Quantitative Measures of Civil War
Authors: Sambanis Nicholas , Schulhofer-Wohl Jonah
Published: May 2019

Empirical studies of the causes or consequences of civil war often use measures that do not correspond to theory and results are sensitive to small changes in the coding of civil wars. Civil war is an instance of “sovereignty rupture” and is inherently a polity-level phenomenon, but that understanding of civil war is not reflected in data in which civil war is coded as a dyadic conflict—the state fighting a domestic challenger. We demonstrate the consequences of conceptual ambiguity about which conflicts to code as civil war and when to code the start and end of a civil war. Using a new data set of civil wars from 1945 to 2016 that is consistent with the concept of sovereignty rupture, we replicate several studies and find that their results are often overturned or weakened when we use our data. We advocate for greater deliberateness in data selection in civil war studies, focusing on the fit between the question of interest and the concept of civil war that is underlying a given data set.
Salispheres from Different Major Salivary Glands for Glandular Regeneration
Authors: Lee H.W. , Hsiao Y.C. , Chen Y.C. , Young T.H. , Yang T.L.
Published: May 2019

Dysfunctional salivary glands (SGs) are a clinical challenge due to the lack of effective treatments. Cell therapy with stem/progenitor cells may improve this situation by providing promising therapeutic solutions. Therefore, exploring abundant cellular sources is important. Three major pairs of SGs are located in different anatomic regions: the parotid glands, the submandibular glands, and the sublingual glands. Although SG stem/progenitor cells can be isolated and cultivated from all major SGs as salispheres, the differences among SG origins remain unclear. In this study, salispheres were successfully isolated from all major SGs. The salispheres demonstrated unique cellular features that originated from their native tissues. The characteristic expression profiles and cellular features of SG stem cells were demonstrated in all salispheres. When they were transplanted into irradiated animals, the salispheres were all capable of improving the saliva secretion that was disrupted by irradiation. Typical histologic structures could be observed in most parts of the treated glands, and the fibrotic environments of irradiated submandibular glands were remodeled by all salispheres regardless of origins. This study characterized the cellular features and in vivo effects of salispheres that were derived from different anatomic origins. The results suggest the possibility of functional redundancy among distinct pairs of major SGs, which is useful for the design of cell therapy to treat dysfunctional glandular organs.
Yes, We Can! Palestinian-Israeli Teachers in Jewish-Israeli Schools
Authors: Jayusi Wurud , Bekerman Zvi
Published: May 2019

The goal of this study is to gain a better understanding of the experiences of Palestinian-Israeli minority1 teachers when teaching at majority state Hebrew secular schools in Israel. Specifically, the objective is to describe and analyze the role of the teachers’ work-related experiences in shaping their sense of self-efficacy, job satisfaction, acculturation process, and how all these affect their feelings regarding their potential role in helping break down stereotypes and misconceptions about the Palestinian-Israeli minority. Data were gathered from 15 interviewees, who described their experiences, feelings, and perspectives about their work. Findings indicate that Palestinian-Israeli teachers experience a strong sense of self-efficacy, satisfaction, and positive relationships with students, parents, and colleagues. Participants expressed the belief that their work helps reduce prejudice and increases mutual understanding among the groups in conflict, through successful acculturation, despite some difficulties. It is suggested that stakeholders should strengthen efforts to recruit and retain these teachers, through strong administrative support.
Paralytic rabies: An acute flaccid myelitis after inadequate post exposure prophylaxis
Authors: Pannu Ashok Kumar , Kumar Raichur Vijay , Vijaykumar Deeksha , Priya Lakshmi , Singh Harpreet , Bhalla Ashish
Published: May 2019

Rabies has two distinct clinical syndromes, encephalitic (or ‘furious’) and paralytic (or ‘dumb’). The paralytic form presents as acute flaccid myelitis and is more common in patients who received post-exposure anti-rabies vaccination without rabies immunoglobulins. We have recently had the opportunity to manage a middle-aged man presenting as ‘dumb’ paralytic rabies.
Syntactic abilities and verbal memory in monolingual and bilingual children with High Functioning Autism (HFA)
Authors: Meir Natalia , Novogrodsky Rama
Published: May 2019

The aim of the current study was two-fold. First, it evaluated the influence of bilingualism on syntactic abilities and verbal memory of children with High Functioning Autism (HFA). Second, it explored the relationship between syntactic abilities and verbal memory of children with HFA and typical language development (TLD). Eighty-six monolingual Hebrew-speaking and bilingual Russian–Hebrew speaking children aged 4;6–9;2 years participated: 28 with HFA (14 monolingual and 14 bilingual) and 58 with TLD (28 monolingual and 30 bilingual). Syntactic abilities were assessed using Sentence Repetition tasks (bilingual children were tested in both languages). Verbal memory was evaluated using Forward Digit Span for verbal short-term memory and Backward Digit Span for verbal working memory. As a group, children with HFA scored lower than their TLD peers on measures of syntactic abilities and verbal memory. However, some children with HFA, monolingual and bilingual, showed intact syntactic abilities, while others scored at-risk for Language Disorder (LD). Importantly, syntactic abilities in children with HFA were not associated with their verbal memory skills. Furthermore, no differences in verbal memory were found between children with HFA who were at-risk for LD and children with no risk. Bilingualism did not influence Sentence Repetition scores when vocabulary was controlled for, and it did not affect verbal memory scores. The study demonstrated that (1) syntactic difficulties in children with HFA are not attributable to deficient verbal memory; moreover (2), regardless of languages status, children with HFA at-risk for LD exhibit impaired syntax similarly to those reported in the literature for children with Developmental Language Disorder. Finally, the findings show that bilingualism affects children with TLD and HFA similarly, demonstrating that bilingualism does not impede language and cognitive development in children with HFA.
The unnoticed monism of Judith Shklar’s liberalism of fear
Authors: Fives Allyn
Published: May 2019

Judith Shklar’s liberalism of fear, a political and philosophical standpoint that emerges in her mature work, has ostensibly two defining characteristics. It is a sceptical approach that puts cruelty first among the vices. For that reason, it is considered to be both set apart from mainstream liberalism, in particular the liberalism of J. S. Mill and John Rawls, but also an important source of influence for political realists and nonideal theorists. However, I argue here that, in putting cruelty first among the vices, Shklar also offers a value monist approach to political thought, one that she shares with Mill and Rawls as well. Each claims to have identified the general rule for the resolution of moral conflicts, although they disagree about what that rule is. Therefore, Shklar’s mature work combines scepticism with value monism. As such, it represents a radical departure from the value pluralist (and sceptical) approach to moral conflict evident in her early work. Her commentators have not noticed either her mature monism or the move away from her earlier value pluralism, and this is explained by a tendency to see her mature work as offering simply a sceptical alternative to mainstream liberalism.
The Impact of Coaching on Teacher-Delivered Behavior-Specific Praise in Pre-K–12 Settings: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ennis Robin Parks , Royer David James , Lane Kathleen Lynne , Dunlap Kristin Diane
Published: May 2019

In this systematic literature review, we examined the effects of coaching (e.g., written, emailed, visual, video, and self-monitored performance feedback; in vivo bug-in-ear prompting; combinations) teachers and other educators to increase their use of behavior-specific praise, a low-intensity teacher-delivered strategy previously determined to be a potentially evidence-based practice based on Council for Exceptional Children’s (CEC) Standards for Evidence-Based Practices in Special Education. Research has shown that traditional lecture-style short-duration professional development does not typically lead to lasting change in teacher behavior, but follow-up observations with continued support (e.g., school-wide professional development for all, small group support for some, individualized support for a few) are much more likely to produce desired outcomes. As such, we examined the evidence base for coaching educators to increase behavior-specific praise by applying CEC quality indicators and standards, and concluded that coaching educators to increase behavior-specific praise meets CEC guidelines to be considered an evidence-based practice. Educational implications, limitations, and future directions are presented.
Comparison of the responsiveness of the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation (USER) and the Barthel Index in stroke patients
Authors: van Meijeren-Pont Winke , Volker Gerard , Vliet Vlieland Thea , Goossens Paulien
Published: May 2019

Objective:

To compare the responsiveness of the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation (USER) to the responsiveness of the Barthel Index in stroke patients in an inpatient rehabilitation facility.

Design:

Observational study.

Setting:

Inpatient rehabilitation facility.

Subjects:

Consecutive stroke patients admitted for clinical rehabilitation.

Interventions:

Not applicable.

Main measures:

The USER and the Barthel Index were administered by a nurse at admission and discharge. The Effect Size and Standardized Response Mean (SRM) were calculated as measures of responsiveness.

Results:

From 198 (78%) of the 254 patients who were included in the study period, both admission and discharge data were available. At admission the mean score of the USER subscale Functional independence was 43.1 ( SD = 18.9) and at discharge the mean score was 59.3 ( SD = 13.8). The mean score of the Barthel Index at admission was 13.3 ( SD = 5.4) and at discharge 18.4 ( SD = 3.3). The Effect Size of the USER subscales Mobility, Self-care, Cognitive functioning, Pain, Fatigue and Mood were 0.85, 0.77, 0.48, 0.19, 0.40 and 0.28, respectively, and of the Barthel Index 0.94. The results for the SRM were in the same range.

Conclusion:

In inpatient rehabilitation after stroke, the USER was less responsive than the Barthel Index.
Cytokine levels and their role in the etiopathogenesis of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Kishore Jaimala , Shaikh Fouzia , Mirza Sana , Raffat Muhammad Arsalan , Ikram Sana , Akram Zohaib
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Burning Mouth Syndrome is characterized by variable symptoms that include pain, burning and paraguesia in an otherwise healthy-appearing oral mucosa. Although the etiopathogenesis of Burning Mouth Syndrome is unknown, some studies provide evidence of subclinical inflammation leading to disrupted cytokine levels.

Aim

To investigate the expression of cytokines and role in the etiopathogenesis of Burning Mouth Syndrome.

Methods

Online databases (MEDLINE and EMBASE) were searched from November 1986 to November 2018 for case control/cross-sectional studies comparing the levels of cytokines in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome and healthy controls.

Results

A total of eight studies were included in the current review. Four studies were of high and four studies were of moderate quality. Seven studies evaluated IL-6, out of which four showed comparable results, two showed higher levels and one study reported lower levels in Burning Mouth Syndrome patients compared to controls. Four studies assessed IL-2, out of which two reported comparable results whereas one study reported higher levels and one study reported lower levels in Burning Mouth Syndrome patients compared to controls. IL-10 levels were measured in three studies that reported no significant differences in the levels between Burning Mouth Syndrome and healthy controls.

Discussion and conclusion

The etiopathogenesis of Burning Mouth Syndrome is multifactorial. Studies have provided scientific evidence that inflammation plays a key role in Burning Mouth Syndrome pathogenesis. However, whether up-regulation or down-regulation of specific cytokines contribute to the etiopathogenesis of Burning Mouth Syndrome remains debatable. Further high-quality studies with larger sample size and assessing a wider array of cytokines are warranted in order to obtain strong conclusions.
Body-, Eating-, and Exercise-Related Comparisons During Eating Disorder Recovery and Validation of the BEECOM-R
Authors: Saunders Jessica F. , Eaton Asia A. , Fitzsimmons-Craft Ellen E.
Published: May 2019

Social comparison tendencies are strongly associated with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. In the current study, we quantitatively examined the structure and predictive value of these constructs during eating disorder recovery. We revised an existing measure of body-, eating-, and exercise-related social comparisons, the Body, Eating, and Exercise Comparison Orientation Measure (BEECOM), to improve psychometric properties. We also assessed the psychometric properties of the shortened Body, Eating, and Exercise Comparison Orientation Measure-Revised (BEECOM-R) in a comparison sample, resulting in an abbreviated measure suitable for recovering, clinical, and non-clinical samples. Finally, we used the revised measure to examine the additive influence of body-, eating-, and exercise-related comparisons on shape and weight dissatisfaction and disordered eating cognitions among 150 women (ages of 18–35 years) in self-identified recovery. Results suggest that body-, eating-, and exercise-related social comparisons all continue to correlate with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating during recovery. A minority of participants reported these comparisons to be helpful during the recovery process. We recommend social comparison as a clinical target for most women seeking support for eating pathology. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/ 10.1177/0361684319851718
Experimental study on combustion characteristics of blended fuel pool fires
Authors: Wang Xuehui , Zhou Tiannian , Chen Qinpei , He Junjiang , Zhang Zheng , Wang Jian
Published: May 2019

Liquid–vapor phase equilibrium theories are used to analyze boiling processes of blended fuel pool fires, and the results show that there are two boiling mechanisms (azeotropism and non-azeotropism) for blended fuels compared with single-component fuels. A series of pool fire experiments were conducted to investigate the combustion characteristics of blended fuel pool fires. The experimental results showed that the two boiling mechanisms have different effects on the burning process of the fuel blends. The boiling temperature and composition varied for the non-azeotropic blends during the burning process and remained steady for azeotropic blends. Furthermore, the boiling temperature of azeotropic blends is lower than that of its components and ranges from a specific temperature to the boiling point of the less volatile component. The flame radiant fraction of the azeotropic blend was also relatively constant during the burning process, whereas that of the non-azeotropic blend varied in different stages of the burning process. Heskestad’s flame height model and flame axial temperature distribution model are applicable for pool fires of azeotropic and non-azeotropic blends.
Quartz fiber cloth-reinforced semi-aromatic thermosetting polyimide composite with high-frequency low dielectric constant
Authors: Wang Zhen-he , Yang Hai-xia , Yang Shi-yong
Published: May 2019

We report a series of semi-aromatic thermosetting polyimide (PI) resins that can be used as matrix for copper-clad laminates for high-frequency applications. The poly(amic ester) (PAE) resins derived from the diester of 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, aromatic diamines (the mixture of 2,2′-dimethylbenzidine and 2,2′-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane), and the monoester of nadic anhydride were synthesized by Polymerization of Monomer Reactants (PMR) method. The structure conversion of PAE resins at different temperatures was investigated and the B-stage PI powders prepared by thermally baking the PAE resins at 220°C are nearly fully imidized. The viscosities of the B-stage PI powders and the mechanical and thermal properties of the cured PI resins were optimized by varying the molar ratio of the two diamines. The cured PI resins possess low and steady dielectric constants ( Dk) below 3.0 and dielectric dissipation factors ( Df) of less than 0.01 at high frequency of 1–12 GHz. Furthermore, the quartz fiber cloth-reinforced semi-aromatic thermosetting PI composites (QF/PI) exhibit excellent dielectric performance, good heat resistance, and mechanical properties. At a high frequency of 1–12 GHz, the Dk of QF/PI-4 is stable in the range of 3.16–3.2, and the Df is stable in the range of 0.0026–0.0046. These results suggest the potential of the semi-aromatic QF/PI for use in high-frequency IC boards.
Sizing process, aerodynamic analysis, and experimental assessment of a biplane flapping wing nano air vehicle
Authors: Ghommem Mehdi , Hassanalian Mostafa , Al-Marzooqi Majed , Throneberry Glen , Abdelkefi Abdessattar
Published: May 2019

The design, manufacturing, experimentation, performance analysis, and flight test for a biplane flapping wing nano air vehicle, capable of both forward and hovering flight are presented. To design this nano air vehicle, a comprehensive sizing method based on theoretical and statistical analyses is proposed and experimentally verified. Then, aerodynamic analyses based on quasi-steady and strip theory methods are conducted to select the optimum values for the kinematics. To evaluate the proposed conceptual design obtained from the sizing methodology and aerodynamic analyses, an experimental setup deploying strain gauges mounted on a thin aluminum plate is implemented. This setup is also deployed to identify the wing configuration resulting in the highest thrust generation and lowest power consumption. The experimental results are found in a good agreement with the aerodynamic simulations. To ensure the stability of the air vehicle and a smooth transition between the different flying modes, magnetic coils are mounted on the tail to actuate the elevator and rudder. A flight test was successfully performed indoor to demonstrate the flying capabilities of the air vehicle and the camera showed a clear visual inspection of the area. It showed stable behavior especially during the transition from forward flight to hovering and superior flight endurance in comparison to similar air vehicles reported in the literature. The proposed and applied design methodologies along with the manufacturing process are expected to provide useful guidelines to design and manufacture different types of flapping wings to support various applications.