bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The space-time architecture variation of the shallow magmatic plumbing systems feeding the Campi Flegrei and Ischia volcanoes (Southern Italy) from halogen constraints
Authors: Balcone-Boissard Hélène , Boudon Georges , Zdanowicz Géraldine , Orsi Giovanni , Webster James D. , Civetta Lucia , D’Antonio Massimo , Arienzo Ilenia
Published: August 2023

For active volcanoes, knowledge of the architecture of the plumbing system and the conditions of magma storage prior to an eruption are highly important, given their influence on the eruptive style and, thus, the management of future volcanic crises. Here, chlorine is used as a geobarometer for potassic alkaline magmas at the Campi Flegrei volcanic complex, revealing the shallowest depth of fluid-melt equilibration with respect to Cl. The results for representative fallout deposits of selected explosive eruptions show the existence of a multi-depth equilibration zone through time, including shallow magma storage. We describe evidence for the shallowest zone located at a depth equivalent to 65 MPa for the Agnano Monte Spina eruption (4482–4625 cal. yrs BP), at ~100 MPa for the Pomici Principali (11 915–12 158 cal. yrs BP), and the Astroni 6 (4098–4297 cal. yrs BP) eruptions, and close to 115 MPa for the last explosive eruption of Monte Nuovo (AD 1538). For comparison, the pressure estimated for a possible reservoir feeding the Cretaio eruption of Ischia island (AD 430), the only studied eruption on Ischia, is ~140 MPa. The pressure estimates for the two largest magnitude eruptions, the Campanian Ignimbrite (40 ka) and the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (14.9 ka), are also discussed with respect to available magma withdrawal models. The pressures estimated using the Cl geobarometer for the magma leading to the fallout phases of these two eruptions provide evidence for a low-volume, shallow domain (~40 MPa) for the Plinian phase of the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption and a main, deeper reservoir (~130–165 MPa) for the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff eruption. The inferred shallowest equilibration pressures are interpreted here as corresponding to transitory, short-lived magma apophyses, whose eruption may have been facilitated by optimum tectonic stresses, rheological behavior of the crust, and efficiency of volatile exsolution. Alternatively, these magma apophyses may represent an evolved, crystal-rich ponded magma into which a volatile-rich magma ascending from depth was injected. The transient nature of such very shallow reservoirs is suggested by the short timescales inferred from diffusion modeling on crystals available in the literature for the studied Campi Flegrei eruptions.

The influence of sulfur (S) on Cl solubility is assessed through Cl solubility modeling and applied to different eruptions. In addition, the pressure at which magmatic fluids and melts equilibrated with respect to Cl is shallower for the Campi Flegrei volcanic complex than the Somma-Vesuvio volcanic complex, erupting more homogeneous differentiated magma, of trachytic or phonolitic composition. This approach of using Cl to investigate the architecture of the plumbing system can be extended to all alkali-rich magma systems.
Lightweight Design and Finite Element Analysis of Brake Lever for Motorcycle Application
Authors: Puji Prasetyono Agus , Yudianto Aan , Adiyasa I Wayan
Published: August 2023

A lightweight component design contributes to the overall optimization of a system to be more effective and efficient. Then, it can lead to the contribution of a carbon footprint reduction. The research aimed to propose a novel lightweight brake lever design for motorcycle applications and numerically investigate its performance by comparing the proposed design with different utilized materials. The subject of the research was an optimized brake lever for motorcycle application. The materials used were aluminum alloy, structural steel, and titanium alloy. A Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis was employed to investigate the proposed brake lever design. Three proposed designs were introduced with the mass reduction in each optimization up to 50,9% of reduced mass. Maximum stress was observed on the most optimized design with a value of 297 MPa. The strain and total deformation were also investigated among the components. In the result, the stress-strain graph shows that the most optimized brake lever experiences the highest stress with the highest strain value. Furthermore, the highest safety factor is achieved with the utilization of titanium alloy, reaching the value of 6,28 for preliminary design and 3,1 for the most optimized component. However, the lightest component can be obtained using aluminum alloy.
O FLUXO MIGRATÓRIO DE VENEZUELANOS NA AMÉRICA LATINA E A PROTEÇÃO INTERNACIONAL DE DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: Silva Cesar , Cristina Nicolau Paola
Published: August 2023

O trabalho busca evidenciar os principais países de destino dos imigrantes venezuelanos na América Latina e os desafios comparativos enfrentados ao longo do processo de reconhecimento enquanto refugiado ou imigrante no que tange a preservação dos direitos humanos. A pesquisa é fundamentalmente baseada nos relatórios de organizações internacionais e não-governamentais e nas fontes de instituições políticas. Os resultados desse trabalho são parciais pois, ao se considerar a conjuntura política da Venezuela e o sucessivo aumento do êxodo de pessoas, infere-se que os países vizinhos ainda deverão continuar alocando e recebendo cada vez mais venezuelanos em seus territórios. Pondera-se a hipótese de que uma resposta regional conjunta dos países da América do Sul e uma reformulação de terminologias restritivas são alternativas que podem trazer benefícios para os solicitantes de refúgio e imigrantes venezuelanos e os países que os acolhem, visando um pleno respeito aos regimes internacionais de direitos humanos.
Exploratory Study of Differentially Expressed Genes of Peripheral Blood
Monocytes in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Chen Juhai , Xu Fengyan , Mo Xiangang , Cheng Yiju , Wang Lan , Yang Hui , Li Jiajing , Zhang Shiyue , Zhang Shuping , Li Nannan , Cao Yang
Published: August 2023

Background:

The abundance of circulating monocytes is closely associated with the
development of atherosclerosis in humans.

Objective:

This study aimed to further research into diagnostic biomarkers and targeted treatment
of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS).

Methods:

We performed transcriptomics analysis through weighted gene co-expression network
analysis (WGCNA) of monocytes from patients in public databases with and without CAS. Differentially
expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by R package limma. Diagnostic molecules were
derived by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machine
recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) algorithms. NetworkAnalyst, miRWalk, and Star-
Base databases assisted in the construction of diagnostic molecule regulatory networks. The Drug-
Bank database predicted drugs targeting the diagnostic molecules. RT-PCR tested expression profiles.

Results:

From 14,369 hub genes and 61 DEGs, six differentially expressed monocyte-related hub
genes were significantly associated with immune cells, immune responses, monocytes, and lipid
metabolism. LASSO and SVM-RFE yielded five genes for CAS prediction. RT-PCR of these
genes showed HMGB1 was upregulated, and CCL3, CCL3L1, CCL4, and DUSP1 were downregulated
in CAS versus controls. Then, we constructed and visualized the regulatory networks of
9 transcription factors (TFs), which significantly related to 5 diagnostic molecules. About 11
miRNAs, 19 lncRNAs, and 39 edges centered on four diagnostic molecules (CCL3, CCL4,
DUSP1, and HMGB1) were constructed and displayed. Eleven potential drugs were identified, including
ibrutinib, CTI-01, roflumilast etc.

Conclusion:

A set of five biomarkers were identified for the diagnosis of CAS and for the study of
potential therapeutic targets.
Unlocking New Approaches to Urolithiasis Management Via
Nutraceuticals
Authors: Singh Ravindra Pal , Mishra Anurag , Chandel Shailendra Singh , Agarwal Mohit , Chawra Himmat Singh , Singh Mithilesh , Dubey Gaurav
Published: August 2023

Urolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones, is characterized by the formation of
hard deposits in the urinary tract. These stones can cause severe pain and discomfort, and their
management typically involves a combination of medical interventions and lifestyle modifications.
According to the literature, 30% and 50% of urolithiasis cases recur. Between 9 and 12% of persons
in industrialised countries are predicted to have urolithiasis at some time. Due to the high
frequency of stone formation, recurrent nature, and prevalence in adults, it has a significant impact
on society, the person, and the health care system. Adopting the best prophylactic measures is
crucial in light of these developments to decrease the impact of urolithiasis on individuals and
society. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the potential role of nutraceuticals in
the management of urolithiasis. Nutraceuticals, such as herbal extracts, vitamins, minerals, and
probiotics, have gained recognition for their potential in promoting urinary health and reducing the
risk of urolithiasis. These compounds can aid in various ways, including inhibiting crystal formation,
enhancing urine pH balance, reducing urinary calcium excretion, and supporting kidney
function. Additionally, nutraceuticals can help alleviate symptoms associated with urolithiasis,
such as pain and inflammation. While medical interventions remain crucial, incorporating
nutraceuticals into a comprehensive management plan can offer a holistic approach to urolithiasis,
improving patient outcomes and quality of life. Therefore, nutraceuticals may be a desirable
choice for treating and avoiding recurring urolithiasis for patients and medical professionals.
Therefore, the present study has focused on nutraceuticals' role in preventing urolithiasis.
Natural Polyphenols in Cancer Management: Promising Role,
Mechanisms, and Chemistry
Authors: Upadhyay Prabhat Kumar , Singh Sonia , Vishwakarma Vishal Kumar
Published: August 2023

Background:

Although cancers emerge rapidly and cancer cells divide aggressively,
which affects our vital organ systems. Recently, cancer treatments are targeted immune systems
mediating intrinsic cellular mechanisms. Natural efficacious polyphenols have been exhibited to
help prevent most cancers and reverse the progression of cancers.

Methods:

Many resources have been used to know the promising role of polyphenols in preventing
and treating cancers. The electronic databases include Science Direct, Google, Google
Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. The search was limited to the English language only.

Results:

Polyphenols have been reported as anti-metastatic agents that explore the promising
role of these compounds in cancer prevention. Such agents act through many signaling pathways,
including PI3K/Akt and TNF-induced signaling pathways. The chemical modifications of
polyphenols and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) between polyphenols and anticancer
activities have also been discussed.

Conclusion:

Many research papers were reported to explain the anti-cancer potential of Polyphenols,
The SARs between polyphenols and anti-cancer activities, which correlate structures
of polyphenols with significant chemotherapeutic action. The mechanism of anti-cancer potential
is to be added for searching for new anti-cancer natural products.
Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Cyperus conglomeratus Root
Extract Inhibit Osteogenic Differentiation of Immortalized Mesenchymal
Stromal Cells
Authors: Alshamsi Mohamed A. H. , Mosa Kareem A. , Khan Amir Ali , Mousa Muath , Ali Muna A. , Soliman Sameh S.M. , Semreen Mohammad H.
Published: August 2023

Background:

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a focus of huge interest in biological
research, including stem cell research. AgNPs synthesized using Cyperus conglomeratus root extract
have been previously reported but their effects on mesenchymal stromal cells have yet to be
investigated.

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of C. conglomeratus-derived AgNPs
on adipogenesis and osteogenesis of mesenchymal stromal cells.

Methods:

AgNPs were synthesized using C. conglomeratus root extract, and the phytochemicals
involved in AgNPs synthesis were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS).
The cytotoxicity of the AgNPs was tested on telomerase-transformed immortalized human
bone marrow-derived MSCs-hTERT (iMSC3) and human osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63) using
MTT and apoptosis assays. The uptake of AgNPs by both cells was confirmed using inductively
coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Furthermore, the effect of AgNPs on
iMSC3 adipogenesis and osteogenesis was analyzed using stain quantification and reverse transcription-
quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Results:

The phytochemicals predominately identified in both the AgNPs and C. conglomeratus
root extract were carbohydrates. The AgNP concentrations tested using MTT and apoptosis assays
(0.5-64 µg/ml and 1,4 and 32 µg/ml, respectively) showed no significant cytotoxicity on iMSC3
and MG-63. The AgNPs were internalized in a concentration-dependent manner in both cell types.
Additionally, the AgNPs exhibited a significant negative effect on osteogenesis but not on adipogenesis.

Conclusion:

C. conglomeratus-derived AgNPs had an impact on the differentiation capacity of
iMSC3. Our results indicated that C. conglomeratus AgNPs and the associated phytochemicals
could exhibit potential medical applications.
Unfolded Protein Response Signaling in Hepatic Stem Cell Activation in
Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Salimi Zohreh , Rostami Mehdi , Milasi Yaser Eshaghi , Mafi Alireza , Raoufinia Ramin , Kiani Amirhossein , Sakhaei Fariba , Ghezelbash Behrooz , Butler Alexandra E. , Mohammad-Sadeghipour Maryam , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: August 2023

Frequent exposure to various external and internal adverse forces (stresses) disrupts cell
protein homeostasis through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) capacity saturation. This process leads to
the unfolded protein response (UPR), which aims to re-establish/maintain optimal cellular equilibrium.
This complex mechanism is involved in the pathogenesis of various disorders, such as
metabolic syndrome, fibrotic diseases, neurodegeneration, and cancer, by altering cellular
metabolic changes integral to activating the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The development of hepatic
fibrosis is one of the consequences of UPR activation. Therefore, novel therapies that target
the UPR pathway effectively and specifically are being studied. This article covers the involvement
of the UPR signaling pathway in cellular damage in liver fibrosis. Investigating the pathogenic
pathways related to the ER/UPR stress axis that contribute to liver fibrosis can help to guide future
drug therapy approaches.
Advanced Oral Drug Delivery Systems for Combating and Preventing Paediatric Periodontal Disease
Authors: Frank Amanda , Singh Preet Amol , Singh Komal , Arora Saahil , Sharma Rajiv , Bajwa Neha
Published: August 2023

:

The oral route is the most common route of administration of drugs. Over 90% of all the available
marketed pharmaceutical products are oral formulations. Oral drugs are used in different courses of
treatment including the prevention of tooth decay. Tooth decay is the permanent damage of the enamel
which leads to the formation of cavities. It can be prevented with good oral hygiene and enough fluorides
in the body. Fluorides can be administered both topically (toothpastes) and systemically (supplements).
Fluoride supplements fall under oral drug delivery systems. They come in the form of tablets, lozenges,
and liquids. However, challenges are faced when it comes to oral drug delivery in children. The development
of paediatric drugs is a difficult undertaking since many pharmaceutically active compounds have
low water solubility, instability, or an unpleasant taste. Children are unable to tolerate bitter or unpleasant-
tasting formulations, as well as huge pills and capsules. Due to various biological, biochemical, and
physical barriers faced by oral drug delivery systems, new approaches have been developed to address
these challenges such as the application of nanotechnology in drug development. Jellies for oral administration
on the other hand are a new approach for the delivery of drugs with bitter tastes as well as for age
groups such as children and elders. They are clear, translucent, or non-greasy semisolid products that can
be used both externally and internally. In-depth, aspects of these factors will be discussed in this review
paper including oral dosage forms for paediatrics, tooth decay and its pathogenesis, preventive measures
and setbacks of each measure as well as the future perspectives.
Dietary Factors Associated with Glycemic Control in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Zakarneh Sara , Khial Yasmin , Tayyem Reema
Published: August 2023

:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that results from the au-toimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, leading to insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. It is a common chronic disease in childhood, with a prevalence of 1 in 300 children in the United States and an increasing incidence of 2-5% annually, worldwide. Managing T1DM requires regular insulin administration, adjustment of food intake and exercise, and a comprehensive understanding of nutri-tion. This review aims to explore the relationship between dietary factors, physical activity, obesity, genetics, and glycemic control in children and adolescents with T1DM. To conduct this review, we conducted a thorough search of publications from December 2004 through April 2022 using Pub-Med, ScienceDirect, and Embase databases. Key topics included obesity, children, adolescents, nu-trients, carbohydrates, proteins, fat, water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins, dietary patterns, fruits and vegetables, physical activity, genetics, food habits, carbohydrate count and environmental factors.
The Effect of Shared Decision-making on Decision Self-efficacy and
Decisional Conflict of Women with Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial
Lesion in Cervical Cytology: An Experimental Study
Authors: Baharvand Saba , Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad , Nourizadeh Roghaiyeh , Jahdi Niloufar Sattarzadeh , Mehrabi Esmat , Shamsdanesh Shiva
Published: August 2023

Background:

Women often face decisional challenges and hesitation while choosing the appropriate method to follow up on their abnormal results of cervix cytology.

Objective:

The present study aimed to determine the effect of shared decision-making (SDM) on decision self-efficacy (DSE) and decisional conflict (DC) about follow-up methods among women with abnormal cervix cytology results.

Methods:

This interventional study was performed on 54 women referred to the subspecialty clinic of gynecologic oncology. The women were assigned into intervention and control groups using a randomized block design with block sizes of 4 and 6 and an allocation ratio of 1:1. The intervention group received counseling based on the SDM and a decision aid (DA) booklet. The data collection tools included the questionnaires of the demographic and obstetrics characteristics, DC, DSE, and Decision Regret. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS24 software, and independent t-tests and ANCOVA were used.

Results:

After the intervention, the total mean score of the DC in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group [MD: -22.84 with 95% CI: -23.52 to -21.95, (P <0.001)]. The mean score of DSE in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group [MD: 14.56 with 95% CI: 21.47 to 7.65, (P <0.001)].

Conclusion:

The present study results indicated that counseling based on the SDM effectively promotes DSE and reduces DC among women with minor abnormal cervical cytology. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare providers use SDM for women with abnormal cervical cancer screening results.
Predictors of Fertility Desire During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross
Sectional Study
Authors: Ghaffari Seyedeh Fatemeh , Hosseini-Tabaghdehi Monirolsadate , Nikbakht Roya , Jahanfar Shayesteh , Shahhosseini Zohreh
Published: August 2023

Background:

Fertility, the most important factor in population growth, is affected by various factors, including pandemics. COVID-19 (CV) was a global challenge that spread rapidly around
the world.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate predictors of fertility desire during the covid virus pandemic.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 315 women who visited health centers in northern Iran for vaccination against covid virus were recruited using convenient sampling. The participants completed the
sociodemographic information, Fertility Desire Scale, and Fear of covid virus scale. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the predictive factors of fertility desire.

Results:

The participants' mean age and marriage duration were 34.4 ± 6.7, and 7.3±11.5 years, respectively. It showed fertility desire among household women was about twofold more compared to
employed ones [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.96, p = 0.009)]. The fertility desire was decreased among more
educated women (OR = 0.43, p= 0.035), women with one child (OR = 0.44, p= 0.030), and women
with no infant gender preferences (OR = 0.53, p= 0.032). Fear of covid virus and any history of covid
virus infection in the participants or their close relatives did not change fertility desire (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, health policymakers should pay more attention to the potential effects of
women's employment, their educational status, and their attitude toward infant gender preferences on
fertility desire during the development of programs. Further research is needed to examine this empirical association on a global scale and its effect on trying to conceive.
To Explore the Mechanism of Maiwei Dihuang Decoction in the Treatment
of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer based on Network Pharmacology Combined
with LC-MS
Authors: Jiang Tao , Lu Yang , Yang Wanzhi , Xu Jinhong , Zhu Mingxing , Huang Yong , Bao Fang , Zheng Shengqi , Li Yongxia
Published: August 2023

Objective:

To explore the mechanism of Maiwei Dihuang decoction in the treatment of
non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by using network pharmacology and LC-MS technology.

Methods:

The effective components in Maiwei Dihuang decoction were detected by liquid chromatography-
mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Use the SuperPred database to collect the relevant targets
of the active ingredients of Mai Wei Di Tang, and then collect the relevant targets of nonsmall
cell lung cancer from GeneCards, DisgenNET and OMIM databases. On this basis, PPI
network construction, GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway annotation analysis were carried
out for target sites. Finally, AutoDock Vina is used for molecular docking.

Results:

We further screened 16 effective Chinese herbal compounds through LC-MS combined
with ADME level. On this basis, we obtained 77 core targets through protein interaction network
analysis. Through GO, KEGG analysis and molecular docking results, we finally screened out the
potential targets of Maiwei Dihuang Decoction for NSCLC: TP53, STAT3, MAPK3.

Conclusion:

Maiwei Dihuang decoction may play a role in the treatment of NSCLC by coregulating
TP53/STAT3/MAPK3 signal pathway.
Uncommon Location for a Common Disease, Simulating Cervical Cancer:
A Rare Case Report
Authors: Kumar Naina , Kalyani Kanikaram Poojitha , Sharma Abhimanyu , Sivakoti Sumitra , Mangla Mishu
Published: August 2023

Background:

Genital tuberculosis (GTB) is a common form of extra-pulmonary TB with
cervical TB being a rare entity accounting for 0.1-0.65% of all TB cases globally. It is usually asymptomatic
but may present with infertility, menstrual irregularities, dyspareunia, dysmenorrhoea, or vaginal
discharge.

Case Presentation:

The present case report briefs about a 39 years old nulliparous infertile woman
who presented with complaints of irregular menstrual cycles and amenorrhea with an erosive papillary
growth over the cervix simulating invasive cervical carcinoma. Her Pap smear report revealed the
presence of granulomas. On cervical punch biopsy also a large number of granulomas were seen and
on Ziehl Nielsen staining the diagnosis of TB was further confirmed by the presence of acid-fast rodlike
bacilli. The patient responded well to anti-tubercular drugs.

Discussion:

GTB in most of the cases remains asymptomatic with infertility being the most common
presenting complaint. Other symptoms include menstrual irregularities, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea,
dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain, and occasionally abnormal vaginal discharge. Tuberculous cervicitis
is difficult to diagnose clinically and many times mimics cervical malignancy.

Result and Conclusion:

Hence, cervical tuberculosis should be kept in the differential diagnosis of
cervical cancer especially in an infertile woman from a developing country.
Emergence of Monkeypox (MPX): A Close Relative of Small Pox During
COVID-19 Era
Authors: Kour Ivneet , Singhal Lipika , Mehta Sonia , Gupta Varsha
Published: August 2023

After the eradication of smallpox (SPX), a new zoonotic threat that can trigger outbreaks
has emerged. It may be fatal during the COVID19 outbreak. Humanity continues to be threatened due
to re-emergence of the outbreaks. In most cases, new emerging viral agents originate from nonhuman
hosts with zoonotic origins. Recent outbreaks of zoonotic infectious diseases with the potential to
cause epidemics and pandemics continue to pose a major threat to the health security of entire regions,
continents, and the world at large. Around five decades backthat Monkeypox (MPX) was reported for
the first time in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and was then confined to Central Africa
only. Over the time, it has spread to other regions of Africa as well as outside Africa. As of August
2022, 40398 infections have been confirmed in almost 68 countries that have never reported MPX
before. The majority of infections have been reported in Europe and Southeast Asia. On 23rd August
2022, MPX was declared a public health emergency of international concern, a step below declaring
any disease as a pandemic. The article discusses the recent history of MPX outbreaks, as well as the
evolving clinical manifestations of the disease, and the possible causes of the increase in cases, including
the cessation of SPX vaccinations.
miRNAs Delivery for Cancer-associated Fibroblasts’ Activation and Drug
Resistance in Cancer Microenvironment
Authors: Anajafi Sara , Paryan Mahdi , Khoshnazar Amineh , Soleimani Masoud , Mohammadi-Yeganeh Samira
Published: August 2023

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as a major component of cancer stroma contribute to diverse procedures of most solid tumors and might be a targeted cancer therapy approach. Their speci-fied features, related signaling pathways, distinct biomarkers, and sub-populations need to be deci-phered. There is a need for CAF extraction or induction for in vitro investigations. Some miRNAs could activate CAF-like phenotype and they also interfere in CAF-mediated drug resistance, aggressiveness, and metastatic behaviors of several cancer cell types. Due to the complex relevance of miRNA and CAFs, these non-coding oligonucleotides may serve as attractive scope for anti-cancer targeted thera-pies, but the lack of an efficient delivery system is still a major hurdle. Here, we have summarized the investigated information on CAF features, isolation, and induction procedures, and highlighted the miRNA-CAF communications, providing special insight into nano-delivery systems.
Development and Outlook for Self-priming Pumps
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Liu Dong
Published: August 2023

Background:

Self-priming pumps are a type of general mechanical equipment that is
widely used in the petroleum, chemical, electric power, metallurgy, mining, shipbuilding, light
industry, agriculture, civil defense, and other departments, and they play an important role in the
global economy. The pump system is the most common piece of equipment that consumes the
most electricity, and reducing the energy consumption of the pump will save a significant amount
of energy.

Objective:

For the benefit of scholars and engineers, this paper summarizes the most recent research
on self-priming pumps, analyzes their solutions to the problem of reducing energy consumption,
and discusses their advantages and disadvantages.

Methods:

The typical self-priming pump patents are outlined below based on the many functions
of the improved self-priming pump structure, including pump body protection, high efficiency,
and energy savings, ease of movement, and improved seal. The current self-priming pump patents
are used to examine the development trend for these pumps.

Results:

The fundamental issues with self-priming pumps are outlined and studied through comparisons
of various types and functions, and a future course for their development is suggested.

Conclusion:

The development of self-priming pump technology benefits from the improvement
of self-priming pump structure. A self-priming pump with a straightforward design, automation,
high efficiency, and energy conservation has a promising future.
Methicillin, β-lactams, and Clindamycin Resistance Profiles of Staphylococcus
aureus Strains Isolated from Patients with UTI in Bechar Province
(Algeria)
Authors: Benyagoub Elhassan
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterial pathogen responsible for many dis-eases. Multidrug resistance in S aureus has become common worldwide and is a serious clinical issue in the treatment and care of S. aureus-infected patients. S. aureus uropathogenic strains isolated from patients with UTI in Bechar province (Algeria) were phenotypically identified and evaluated for multiple drug resistance (MDR) patterns against recommended antimicrobial drugs.

Methods:

Through selective media, the uropathogenic S. aureus strains were isolated by analyzing a
total of 211 urine samples, then subjected to various biochemical identification tests. Multidrug resistance
pattern (MRSA, MLSB, and β-lactamase production) among Staphylococcus aureus uropathogenic
strains was performed using phenotypic tests.

:

A total of 50 S. aureus strains were isolated, i.e., 40,48% of all the isolated uropathogenic agents estimated
at 126 isolates. More than 69% of the women had a urinary tract infection, i.e., a sex ratio (SR)
of 0,43. The susceptibility test results showed that the isolated S. aureus strains were resistant to various
antibiotics of the β-lactams class (penicillin, cefoxitin, and oxacillin) and were susceptible to gentamicin,
chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, vancomycin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. Cefoxitin disk diffusion
and agar screening tests showed that all the isolated S. aureus strains were qualified as MRSA at
the rate of 100% (50/50), whereas a rate of 74% (37/50) was granted to MRSA using oxacillin disk
diffusion test. The highest percentage of MDR-MRSA was observed in class three of antibiotics 12
(24%). The lowest percentage was observed in classes 8 and 9 of antibiotics 1 (2%). For MDR-MRSA,
the MAR index ranged from 0,27 to 1,0.

Results::

Penicillin disk diffusion (DD) and DDST (PI/PIT) tests showed a production rate of β-lactamase
in the range of 94% and 80%, respectively. 85,1% (40/50) of penicillin-resistant strains were
positive for DDST. Thus, the D-test among MRSA strains shows a rate of 38% (19/50) of cMLSB and
no strain attributed to the iMLSB phenotype.

Conclusion:

This is an alarming rate, confirming the concern that is still being discussed within the medical teams of the national health sector as well as the Algerian antimicrobial resistance network, which requires prompt intervention to update a new strategy to fight antimicrobial re-sistance.
Enhancing Recommendation System using Ontology-based Similarity and
Incremental SVD Prediction
Authors: Mhammedi Sajida , Gherabi Noreddine , Massari Hakim El , Amnai Mohamed
Published: August 2023

Background:

With the explosion of data in recent years, recommender systems have become increasingly important for personalized services and enhancing user engagement in various industries, including e-commerce and entertainment. Collaborative filtering (CF) is a widely used approach for generating recommendations, but it has limitations in addressing issues such as sparsity, scalability, and prediction errors.

Methods:

To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel hybrid CF method for movie recommendations that combines an incremental singular value decomposition approach with an item-based ontological semantic filtering approach in both online and offline phases. The ontology-based technique improves the accuracy of predictions and recommendations. The proposed method is evaluated on a real-world movie recommendation dataset using several performance metrics, including precision, F1 scores, and MAE.

Results:

The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing methods in terms of accuracy while also addressing sparsity and scalability issues in recommender systems. Additionally, our approach has the advantage of reduced running time, making it a promising solution for practical applications.

Conclusion:

The proposed method offers a promising solution to the challenges faced by traditional CF methods in recommender systems. By combining incremental SVD and ontological semantic filtering, the proposed method not only improves the accuracy of predictions and recommendations but also addresses issues related to scalability and sparsity. Overall, the proposed method has the potential to contribute to the development of more accurate and efficient recommendation systems in various industries, including e-commerce and entertainment.
Investigation of the space debris environment for a sustainable evolution of the space around the earth
Authors: Muciaccia A.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. The sustainability of the space environment around the Earth is becoming an increasingly important issue in the space sector. Indeed, the space population is evolving over time. Therefore, careful mission design together with mitigation guidelines and policies are essential to regulate its evolution and to avoid the proliferation of derelict objects around the Earth. The main objective of this research is to connect different models that share the same goal: the sustainable evolution of the space environment around the Earth. In this view, the research focuses on the definition of metrics to assess the influence of missions (already occurred or planned) on the space environment and of a carrying capacity that the space can support, and on the characterization of in-orbit breakup events.
Acoustic metamaterial design for aeronautical purposes
Authors: Catapane G.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Labyrinth-shape quarter wavelength tubes are numerically studied under plane wave excitation, with analytical comparison. These labyrinth resonators (LRs) are tuned at 60, 90 and 120 Hz, and their sound absorption response exhibits maximum peak at those frequencies with high fidelity and performance. These objects can absorb tonal sources at very low frequencies, with an incredibly competitive thickness, resulting in the possibility of considering them for the design of acoustic liners for an aerospace engine, but also for the automotive and naval industries. They are put together to form an acoustic metamaterial which exhibits multiple tonal peaks, demonstrating that the performance of each resonator is not affected by their coupling.
Helicopter tracking error and input aggression for point tracking tasks under boundary avoidance situations
Authors: Xia Q.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Helicopters are broadly applied in complex and harsh task environment such as rescue mission and firefighting. These tasks require helicopters to operate in ground proximity, keep tracking the target while avoid obstacles to avoid trashing. The combination of point tracking and boundary avoidance tracking can be utilized to describe this task condition. This study implemented a simulation task on MATLAB and Simulink and utilized a simplified helicopter dynamic model to investigate point tracking and boundary avoidance tracking tasks. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis were used to analyze the effects of task conditions on participants' tracking error and input aggression. Results demonstrated that the overall tracking error had a negative correlation with input aggression, and that participants tended to have higher input aggression and lower tracking error near the boundary.
Exploring the use of a technology scouting methodology to integrate innovative solutions from startups into an aerospace industry
Authors: Carrera G.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Technological innovation is extremely important in the industrial world, as it allows companies to remain competitive and improve the efficiency, productivity, and sustainability of their activities. Companies that invest in technological innovation can obtain numerous advantages, including improved product quality, cost reduction, greater flexibility, and the ability to quickly respond to customer needs. An approach to open innovation that has become widespread in recent years is to conduct technology scouting through the vast array of solutions provided by innovative startups. With a large number of startups proposing new technologies in aerospace sector, could be challenging for companies to identify the most promising solutions. Therefore, a structured methodology for evaluating technology proposed by startups is essential to ensure the identification and implementation of the best solutions and the effective allocation of resources. This paper presents a case study that describes the process of technology scouting proposed by startups within an aerospace industry company, based on a company-defined roadmap.
Recent advances in dynamical modeling and attitude control of flexible spacecraft
Authors: Madonna D.P.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. This work is focused on some recent advances on spacecraft dynamical modeling and attitude control. First, the problem of correctly linearizing the elastic behavior of spinning flexible spacecraft is discussed, and an example is presented that addresses this topic from both the analytical and the numerical point of view. Then, attitude control is considered and a new feedback law for single axis alignment is presented, together with the inclusion of accurate modeling of the actuation dynamics. Moreover, numerical simulations for the reorientation of a flexible multibody spacecraft are provided.
A distributed nanosatellite attitude testing laboratory for joint research activities
Authors: Curatolo A.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. During the last decades, there has been an increase in the use of satellites of reduced dimensions. Among the others, microsatellites (mass from 11 to 200 kg) and nanosatellites (1 to 10 kg) have been the ones receiving increasing interest from Universities for educational activities [1], [2]. Their reduced cost, complexity and developing time compared to larger satellites make them particularly suitable for student projects. In this regard CubeSats (satellites of standardised dimensions, based on 1 unit, 10x10x10 cm) were developed at Caltech with the goal of having a low cost and fast to be developed satellite [3]. The CubeSat form factor has then been widely used also for scientific and commercial space missions [4]. Alongside the development of nanosatellites, there has been an increase in the need for better CubeSat testing for improving CubeSat reliability [5]. As reported in an extensive study on 855 CubeSats [4], at the year 2018 almost 25% of CubeSats missions failed in their early life stage (infant mortality). One of the subsystems more difficult to be tested is the Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS). This subsystem includes sensors for attitude determination, actuators for attitude control and an onboard controller. Integrated subsystem testing is a challenging task since the device under test should freely rotate under low torque conditions and sensors/actuators should be stimulated. A common way to provide a free rotational environment is to use an air bearing table [6].
Time domain aeroelastic analysis of wing structures by means of an alternative aeroelastic beam approach
Authors: Vindigni C.R.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. In this work an alternative beam finite element for rapid time-domain flutter analysis of wings equipped with trailing edge control surfaces, generally distributed along the span, is presented. The aeroelastic beam finite element proposed is based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, De St. Venant torsion theory and two-dimensional time-domain unsteady aerodynamics. The developed finite element model is attractive for preliminary aero-servo-elastic analyses and flutter suppression systems design purposes; moreover, the finite element matrices obtained could be easily included in existing aeroelastic optimization codes that already use beam modelling of lifting structures to carry out aeroelastic tailoring studies.
Development of accurate fluid-structure interaction models for aerospace problems
Authors: Rubino A.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. The research program deals with fluid-structure interaction (FSI), a challenging field of engineering, with a practical application on aerospace problems such as the flutter, an instability problem due to aeroelastic excitations. The research goal is to find a suitable way to deal with flutter in such a way the two macro fields, fluid and structure, are modelled with mid to high-level accuracy. Moreover, the creation of an interface could be useful to study other problems, such as the cabin comfort for an aircraft. To do that, the research activity is firstly split in two to study in depth the structural and the fluid problem, then they are merged together through the interface analysis: the main problem is that each field has an own scale and the union of both requests a suitable modelling and analysis. After a preliminary study on the state of the art of fluid-structure interaction in literature, which forms the pillar of the research project, the structural field is analysed first. The study of the structure system is carried out on the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF), which allows a reduced degrees of freedom model with the same accuracy of the classical Finite Element Method (FEM). Analysis on possible adaptive mesh methods is needed in order to match the proper scale at interface with fluid dynamics system. This work could be a milestone for future investigation in problems that need a mesh refinement, beyond the aeroelastic field. Then, the fluid system is studied and analysed through the Navier-Stokes equations. In particular, a Dual Time Stepping model for non-stationary Favre Average Navier-Stokes is used. More in general, considering different order of magnitude for the Reynold’s number, three different analysis could be done: Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) for only large-scale eddies resolved and other components modelled, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) which adds the resolution of the flux of energy with respect to the previous simulation and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) which resolves also the dissipating eddies, so representing the best performing simulation but with very high computational cost. Finally, a complete simulation of fluid-structure interaction is performed to find the flutter velocity and study the induced vibrations from turbulent boundary layer to the aircraft cabin and/or to the rocket nose.
On modelling damage in composite laminates using the Ritz method and continuum damage mechanics
Authors: Campagna D.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. In this work, a Ritz formulation for the analysis of damage initiation and evolution in composite plates under progressive loading is presented. The proposed model assumes a first order shear deformation theory and considers geometric non-linearities through the von Karman assumptions. The damage is modelled through Continuum Damage Mechanics. A set of results is presented to show the potential of the method and highlight some issues to be addressed by suitable developments of the method.
Integrated optical and X-ray pulsar methods for deep-space autonomous navigation based on an adaptive nonlinear filter
Authors: Chen S.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Recent technological advancement and the commercialisation of the space sector have led to a significant surge in the development of space missions for deep-space exploration. Currently, deep-space missions mainly rely on ground-based Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) operations involving human-in-the-loop processes. Although being reliable, the ground-based navigation approach is prone to prolonged periods of communication delay, lacking real-time capabilities and autonomy. In addition, the booming growth of users in space will unavoidably lead to saturation of ground slots, hindering the progression of space exploration. Reducing the dependence on ground operation by developing on-board autonomous navigation methods represents a potential solution for future deep-space missions. Currently, navigation based on optical and X-ray pulsar measurements represents the two prominent methods for achieving autonomous deep-space navigation and will be investigated in this paper.
iDREAM: A multidisciplinary methodology and integrated toolset for flight vehicle engineering
Authors: Narducci G.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. For the rapid prototyping of a flight engineering vehicle, data from various building blocks and the required engineering tools for designing critical subsystems are crucial elements. In this context, Politecnico di Torino developed an integrated methodology toolset capable of speeding up the design and validation of various space transportation systems, with a focus on microlaunchers and human landing systems. This research was carried out under the direction of the European Space Agency (ESA).
Photogrammetric analysis for inspection and damage detection: preliminary assessment and future extension to large-volume structures
Authors: Trombini M.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. This work aims to provide a preliminary understanding of the advantages of using visual techniques for the inspection and damage detection of large-volume structures. Some preliminary results provide a precise indication of tolerance of photogrammetric reconstructions and some indications to avoid the effect of reflectance of materials. Moreover, the overlap between reference CAD and the reconstructed model provides a picture of the most critical areas to cover with the camera. Finally, some colorband plots exploit the distribution of distances between reference and reconstructed models.
Simulation of flow field characteristics in gap between high-speed rocket sled slipper and track
Authors: Dang T.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Accurate simulation of flow field characteristics within the gap between the slipper and track is essential for the prevention of aerodynamic heat damage to high-speed rocket sleds. A three-dimensional structured mesh was utilized to establish the flow field model in the slipper-track gap, while computational fluid dynamics was employed for simulating the flow field movement. The results revealed that the bow shock wave at the head of the rocket sled has a significant influence on the flow field characteristics within the gap. Specifically, the velocity of the mainstream in the gap initially exhibited an increasing trend, followed by a decreasing trend, and then a re-increase. Conversely, the mainstream temperature displayed a decreasing trend initially, followed by an increasing trend, and then a decrease once more. The air compression within the slipper-track gap resulted in remarkably high temperatures, with the maximum temperature reaching 1160 K at Ma = 4 in the immediate vicinity of the slipper. The current investigation provides valuable insights that can guide future research on the structural characteristics of slippers in high-temperature environments.