bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ewing Sarcoma and Osteosarcoma Have Distinct Immune Signatures and Intercellular Communication Networks
Authors: Cillo Anthony R. , Mukherjee Elina , Bailey Nathanael G. , Onkar Sayali , Daley Jessica , Salgado Claudia , Li Xiang , Liu Dongyan , Ranganathan Sarangarajan , Burgess Melissa , Sembrat John , Weiss Kurt , Watters Rebecca , Bruno Tullia C. , Vignali Dario A.A. , Bailey Kelly M.
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma are primary bone sarcomas occurring most commonly in adolescents. Metastatic and relapsed disease are associated with dismal prognosis. Although effective for some soft tissue sarcomas, current immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of bone sarcomas have been largely ineffective, necessitating a deeper understanding of bone sarcoma immunobiology.

Experimental Design:

Multiplex immunofluorescence analysis of immune infiltration in relapsed versus primary disease was conducted. To better understand immune states and drivers of immune infiltration, especially during disease progression, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of immune populations from paired blood and bone sarcoma tumor samples.

Results:

Our multiplex immunofluorescence analysis revealed increased immune infiltration in relapsed versus primary disease in both Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma. scRNAseq analyses revealed terminally exhausted CD8+ T cells expressing co-inhibitory receptors in osteosarcoma and an effector T-cell subpopulation in Ewing sarcoma. In addition, distinct subsets of CD14+CD16+ macrophages were present in Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma. To determine pathways driving tumor immune infiltration, we conducted intercellular communication analyses and uncovered shared mechanisms of immune infiltration driven by CD14+CD16+ macrophages and unique pathways of immune infiltration driven by CXCL10 and CXCL12 in osteosarcoma.

Conclusions:

Our study provides preclinical rationale for future investigation of specific immunotherapeutic targets upon relapse and provides an invaluable resource of immunologic data from bone sarcomas.
The C-terminus of Gain-of-Function Mutant p53 R273H Is Required for Association with PARP1 and Poly-ADP-Ribose
Authors: Lundine Devon , Annor George K. , Chavez Valery , Maimos Styliana , Syed Zafar , Jiang Shuhong , Ellison Viola , Bargonetti Jill
Published: September 2022

The TP53 gene is mutated in 80% of triple-negative breast cancers. Cells that harbor the hot-spot p53 gene mutation R273H produce an oncogenic mutant p53 (mtp53) that enhances cell proliferative and metastatic properties. The enhanced activities of mtp53 are collectively referred to as gain-of-function (GOF), and may include transcription-independent chromatin-based activities shared with wild-type p53 (wtp53) such as association with replicating DNA and DNA replication associated proteins like PARP1. However, how mtp53 upregulates cell proliferation is not well understood. wtp53 interacts with PARP1 using a portion of its C-terminus. The wtp53 oligomerization and far C-terminal domain (CTD) located within the C-terminus constitute putative GOF-associated domains, because mtp53 R273H expressing breast cancer cells lacking both domains manifest slow proliferation phenotypes. We addressed if the C-terminal region of mtp53 R273H is important for chromatin interaction and breast cancer cell proliferation using CRISPR-Cas9 mutated MDA-MB-468 cells endogenously expressing mtp53 R273H C-terminal deleted isoforms (R273HΔ381–388 and R273HΔ347–393). The mtp53 R273HΔ347–393 lacks the CTD and a portion of the oligomerization domain. We observed that cells harboring mtp53 R273HΔ347–393 (compared with mtp53 R273H full-length) manifest a significant reduction in chromatin, PARP1, poly-ADP-ribose (PAR), and replicating DNA binding. These cells also exhibited impaired response to hydroxyurea replicative stress, decreased sensitivity to the PARP-trapping drug combination temozolomide–talazoparib, and increased phosphorylated 53BP1 foci, suggesting reduced Okazaki fragment processing.

Implications:

The C-terminal region of mtp53 confers GOF activity that mediates mtp53–PARP1 and PAR interactions assisting DNA replication, thus implicating new biomarkers for PARP inhibitor therapy.
Anti-spike T-cell and Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Greenberger Lee M. , Saltzman Larry A. , Gruenbaum Lore M. , Xu Jun , Reddy Sneha T. , Senefeld Jonathon W. , Johnson Patrick W. , Fields Paul A. , Sanders Catherine , DeGennaro Louis J. , Nichols Gwen L.
Published: September 2022

The anti-spike T-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in patients with B-cell malignancies were examined in a real-world setting. A next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based molecular assay was used to assess SARS-CoV-2–specific T-cell responses. After the second dose, 58% (166/284) of seropositive and 45% (99/221) of seronegative patients display anti-spike T cells. The percentage of patients who displayed T-cell response was higher among patients receiving mRNA-1273 vaccines compared with those receiving BNT162b2 vaccines. After the third vaccination, 40% (137/342) of patients seroconverted, although only 22% displayed sufficient antibody levels associated with the production of neutralizing antibodies. 97% (717/738) of patients who were seropositive before the third dose had markedly elevated anti-spike antibody levels. Anti-spike antibody levels, but not T-cell responses, were depressed by B cell–directed therapies. Vaccinated patients with B-cell malignancies with a poor response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines may remain vulnerable to COVID-19 infections.

Significance:

This study represents the first investigation of SARS-CoV-2–specific immune responses to vaccination in a patient registry using an NGS-based method for T-cell receptor repertoire–based analysis combined with anti-spike antibody assessments. Vaccinated patients with B cell–derived hematologic malignancies are likely at higher risk of infection or severe COVID-19.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 476
Imagery Rescripting in der Behandlung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung
Authors: Ehring Thomas , Herzog Eva , Wittekind Charlotte E. , Wolkenstein Larissa
Published: September 2022

Imagery Rescripting ist eine in vielen psychotherapeutischen Richtungen und störungsspezifischen Behandlungsansätzen eingesetzte Technik, die auch im Rahmen der Therapie der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) Anwendung findet. Das Grundprinzip besteht in der imaginativen Aktivierung einer traumatischen Erinnerung, die in eine gezielte Veränderung des Geschehens in der Vorstellung mündet. Dieses Grundprinzip wird in verschiedenen Varianten und mit unterschiedlichen Zielen in der Behandlung der PTBS eingesetzt, unter anderem als Stand-Alone-Behandlung im Rahmen der Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy (IRRT) sowie dem Imagery Rescripting für PTBS. In der Kognitiven Therapie der PTBS wird es darüber hinaus als spezifischer Baustein zur Aktualisierung der Traumaerinnerung verwendet. Andere Varianten wurden zur Behandlung von Albträumen oder zur Reduktion eines Gefühls des Beschmutzt-Seins nach sexueller Traumatisierung entwickelt. Nach einem vergleichenden Überblick über die unterschiedlichen Einsatzmöglichkeiten werden zusammenfassend Ergebnisse der Wirksamkeitsforschung dargestellt. Der Artikel schließt mit einem Ausblick auf aktuelle Entwicklungen und zukünftige Perspektiven in Bezug auf Indikation, differenzielle Wirksamkeit und Wirkmechanismen von Imagery Rescripting zur Behandlung der PTBS. Zur Illustration der dargestellten Interventionen werden in einem Online-Supplement zwei Fallbeispiele beschrieben.
The Role of Sex and Age in Moderating the Outcome of In-Person and Computer-Based Brief Alcohol Interventions at General Hospitals: Reanalysis of a Brief Intervention Study
Authors: Baumann Sophie , Gaertner Beate , Bischof Gallus , Krolo Filipa , John Ulrich , Freyer-Adam Jennis
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study was to test whether brief alcohol interventions at general hospitals work equally well for males and females and across age-groups. Methods: The current study includes a reanalysis of data reported in the PECO study (testing delivery channels of individualized motivationally tailored alcohol interventions among general hospital patients: in PErson vs. COmputer-based) and is therefore of exploratory nature. At-risk drinking general hospital patients aged 18–64 years (N = 961) were randomized to in-person counseling, computer-generated individualized feedback letters, or assessment only. Both interventions were delivered on the ward and 1 and 3 months later. Follow-ups were conducted at months 6, 12, 18, and 24. The outcome was grams of alcohol/day. Study group × sex and study group × age interactions were tested as predictors of change in grams of alcohol/day over 24 months in latent growth models. If rescaled likelihood ratio tests indicated improved model fit due to the inclusion of interactions, moderator level-specific net changes were calculated. Results: Model fit was not significantly improved due to the inclusion of interaction terms between study group and sex (χ2[6] = 5.9, p = 0.439) or age (χ2[6] = 5.5, p = 0.485). Discussion: Both in-person counseling and computer-generated feedback letters may work equally well among males and females as well as among different age-groups. Therefore, widespread delivery of brief alcohol interventions at general hospitals may be unlikely to widen sex and age inequalities in alcohol-related harm.
Stem Cell Therapies for Gastrointestinal Anastomotic Healing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Results from Animal Studies
Authors: Gaitanidis Apostolos , Kandilogiannakis Leonidas , Filidou Eirini , Tsaroucha Alexandra , Kolios George , Pitiakoudis Michail
Published: September 2022

Background: Despite considerable progress in surgical techniques, anastomotic leak (AL) is a common complication after gastrointestinal surgery. Stem cells are a promising therapy to improve healing and have been used in gastrointestinal anastomoses. In this study, we perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of stem cell therapies in preventing ALs among animal studies. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. We considered all anastomoses of the gastrointestinal tract (excl. biliary) from the esophagus to the rectum. Outcomes included AL rates on postoperative day (POD) 7 and the latest time point reported. Results: Fourteen studies were identified, evaluating stem cells in gastrointestinal anastomoses, of which 1 was on esophageal, 2 on gastric, 2 on small intestinal, and 9 on colorectal anastomoses. Meta-analysis did not show significant differences in AL rates on POD 7 (odds ratio [OR] 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04–3.15, p = 0.248, I2 = 34.1%, 95% CI: 0–75.2%, Q = 6.07, df = 4, p = 0.194), but there was a nonsignificant trend for lower AL rates at the latest time point reported (OR 0.28, 95% CI: 0.08–1.01, p = 0.052, I2 = 34%, 95% CI: 0–70.8%, Q = 10.6, df = 7, p = 0.157). Conclusion: Stem cell therapy may be associated with lower AL rates in gastrointestinal anastomoses, though meta-analysis is severely inhibited by heterogeneous study design. More studies are needed to determine the therapeutic potential of stem cells.
Jornadas do judiciário na implementação da Lei Maria da Penha
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Direito de Ribeirão Preto, Severi Fabiana
Published: September 2022

Esta obra reúne resultados de pesquisas realizadas nos últimos anos sobre a atuação do Poder Judiciário brasileiro no enfrentamento à Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra as Mulheres (VDFM). A autora analisa o papel do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ) empenhado nos últimos quinze anos em criar e coordenar as políticas judiciárias em âmbito nacional voltadas à implementação da Lei Maria da Penha (LMP), na proposta de compreensão da trajetória dos processos decisórios de tal órgão, voltados à promoção de mudanças no modelo de resposta judicial aos casos de VDFM no país no período entre 2007 e 2021, orientadas pelo paradigma proposto pela LMP. O livro estimula a discussão do papel desempenhado pelo CNJ, uma inovação institucional dentro do Poder Judiciário, na produção dos resultados sociopolíticos e jurídicos delineados na LMP, outra inovação institucional no campo dos direitos humanos. Considerada uma das melhores leis sobre violência doméstica do mundo, sua aprovação configurou-se como uma resposta às obrigações internacionais assumidas pelo Estado ligadas à garantia dos direitos humanos das mulheres.
Gobernanza adaptativa y anticipatoria del agua en contextos de crisis: análisis de Cuencas en Argentina, Brasil y Uruguay.
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Energia e Ambiente, Jacobi Pedro Roberto
Published: September 2022

El Proyecto GovernAgua (junio 2019 - mayo 2022) fue coordinado por el Instituto Sudamericano para Estudios sobre Resiliencia y Sostenibilidad (SARAS), con sede en Uruguay, con financiación del Instituto Interamericano para la Investigación del Cambio Global (IAI), Programa de Pequeños Subsidios: el papel de los servicios ecosistémicos en la adaptación al cambio global para el bienestar humano (SGP-HW). El proyecto fue coliderado por el Instituto de Energía y Ambiente de la Universidad de Sao Paulo (USP) en Brasil, y en Argentina por el Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis (IMASL) de la Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL) y por el Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC-CONICET-CENPAT). Colaboraron investigadores de varios centros de investigación de renombre internacional. Los estudios de caso de GovernAgua se desarrollaron en contextos de crisis hídricas enfrentados en Valle Inferior de la Cuenca del Río Chubut y la Cuenca del Río Quinto (Argentina), las cuencas de los ríos Piracicaba-Capivari-Jundiaí y Paraíba do Sul (Brasil) y las cuencas de las Lagunas del Cisne y del Sauce (Uruguay).
Urban Spatial Accessibility of Primary Care and Hypertension Control and Awareness on Chicago’s South Side: A Study From the COMPASS Cohort
Authors: Luo Jiajun , Kibriya Muhammad G. , Zakin Paul , Craver Andrew , Connellan Liz , Tasmin Saira , Polonsky Tamar , Kim Karen , Ahsan Habibul , Aschebrook-Kilfoy Briseis
Published: September 2022

Background:

Understanding the relationship between hypertension and spatial accessibility of primary care can inform interventions to improve hypertension control and awareness, especially among disadvantaged populations. This study aims to investigate the association between spatial accessibility of primary care and hypertension control and awareness.

Methods:

Participant data from the COMPASS (Chicago Multiethnic Prevention and Surveillance Study) between 2013 and 2019 were analyzed. All participants were geocoded. Locations of primary care providers in Chicago were obtained from MAPSCorps. A score was generated for spatial accessibility of primary care using an enhanced 2-step floating catchment area method. A higher score indicates greater accessibility. Measured hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratio and 95% CI for hypertension status in relation to accessibility score quartiles.

Results:

Five thousand ninety-six participants (mean age, 53.4±10.8) were included. The study population was predominantly non-Hispanic black (84.0%), over 53% reported an annual household income <$15 000, and 37.3% were obese. Measured hypertension prevalence was 78.7% in this population, among which 37.7% were uncontrolled and 41.0% were unaware. A higher accessibility score was associated with lower measured hypertension prevalence. In fully adjusted models, compared with the first (lowest) quartile of accessibility score, the odds ratio strengthened from 0.82 (95% CI, 0.67–1.01) for the second quartile to 0.75 (95% CI, 0.62–0.91) for the third quartile, and further to 0.73 (95% CI, 0.60–0.89) for the fourth (highest) quartile. The increasing trend had a
P
<0.01. Similar associations were observed for both uncontrolled and unaware hypertensions. When stratified by neighborhood socioeconomic status, a higher accessibility score was associated with lower rates of unaware hypertension in both disadvantaged and nondisadvantaged neighborhoods.

Conclusions:

Better spatial accessibility of primary care is associated with improved hypertension awareness and control.
Nonadherence by Serum Drug Analyses in Resistant Hypertension: 7‐Year Follow‐Up of Patients Considered Adherent by Directly Observed Therapy
Authors: Halvorsen Lene V. , Bergland Ola U. , Søraas Camilla L. , Larstorp Anne Cecilie K. , Hjørnholm Ulla , Kjær Vibeke N. , Kringen Marianne K. , Clasen Per‐Erik , Haldsrud Renate , Kjeldsen Sverre E. , Rostrup Morten , Fadl Elmula Fadl Elmula M. , Opdal Mimi S. , Høieggen Aud
Published: September 2022

Background

Measurement of serum concentrations of drugs is a novelty found useful in detecting poor drug adherence in patients taking ≥2 antihypertensive agents. Regarding patients with treatment‐resistant hypertension, we previously based our assessment on directly observed therapy. The present study aimed to investigate whether serum drug measurements in patients with resistant hypertension offer additional information regarding drug adherence, beyond that of initial assessment with directly observed therapy.

Methods and Results

Nineteen patients assumed to have true treatment‐resistant hypertension and adherence to antihypertensive drugs based on directly observed therapy were investigated repeatedly through 7 years. Serum concentrations of antihypertensive drugs were measured by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry from blood samples taken at baseline, 6‐month, 3‐year, and 7‐year visits. Cytochrome P450 polymorphisms, self‐reported adherence and beliefs about medicine were performed as supplement investigations. Seven patients (37%) were redefined as nonadherent based on their serum concentrations during follow‐up. All patients reported high adherence to medications. Nonadherent patients expressed lower necessity and higher concerns regarding intake of antihypertensive medication (
P
=0.003). Cytochrome P450 polymorphisms affecting metabolism of antihypertensive drugs were found in 16 patients (84%), 21% were poor metabolizers, and none were ultra‐rapid metabolizers. Six of 7 patients redefined as nonadherent had cytochrome P450 polymorphisms, however, not explaining the low serum drug concentrations measured in these patients.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that repeated measurements of serum concentrations of antihypertensive drugs revealed nonadherence in one‐third of patients previously evaluated as adherent and treatment resistant by directly observed therapy, thereby improving the accuracy of adherence evaluation.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; unique identifier: NCT01673516.
Clinical Outcomes of Rhythm Control Strategies for Asymptomatic Atrial Fibrillation According to the Quality‐of‐Life Score: The CODE‐AF (Comparison Study of Drugs for Symptom Control and Complication Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation) Registry
Authors: Kim Ju Youn , Park Hyoung‐Seob , Park Hyung Wook , Choi Eue‐Keun , Park Jin‐Kyu , Kim Jin‐Bae , Kang Ki‐Woon , Shim Jaemin , Joung Boyoung , Park Kyoung‐Min
Published: September 2022

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of poor cardiovascular outcomes; appropriate rhythm control can reduce the incidence of these adverse events. Therefore, catheter ablation is recommended in symptomatic patients with AF. The aims of this study were to compare AF‐related outcomes according to a baseline symptom scale score and to determine the best treatment strategy for asymptomatic patients with AF.

Methods and Results

This study enrolled all patients who completed a baseline Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality‐of‐Life (AFEQT) survey in a prospective observational registry. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to AFEQT score at baseline; scores ≤80 were defined as symptomatic, whereas scores >80 represented asymptomatic patients. The primary outcome was defined as a composite of hospitalization for heart failure, ischemic stroke, or cardiac death. This study included 1515 patients (mean age: 65.7±10.5 years; 998 [65.9%] men). The survival curve showed a poorer outcome in the symptomatic group compared with the asymptomatic group (log‐rank
P
=0.04). Rhythm control led to a significantly lower risk of a composite outcome in asymptomatic patients (hazard ratio [HR], 0.47 [95% CI, 0.27–0.84],
P
=0.01). Rhythm control was associated with more favorable composite outcomes in the asymptomatic group with paroxysmal AF, left atrium diameter ≤50 mm, and CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score ≥3.

Conclusions

Symptomatic patients with AF experienced more adverse outcomes compared with asymptomatic patients. In asymptomatic patients with AF, a strategy of rhythm control improved the outcomes, especially with paroxysmal AF, smaller left atrium size, or higher stroke risk.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02786095.
Effects of Nicorandil Administration on Infarct Size in Patients With ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The CHANGE Trial
Authors: Qian Geng , Zhang Ying , Dong Wei , Jiang Zi‐Chao , Li Tao , Cheng Liu‐Quan , Zou Yu‐Ting , Jiang Xiao‐Si , Zhou Hao , A Xin , Li Ping , Chen Mu‐Lei , Su Xi , Tian Jin‐Wen , Shi Bei , Li Zong‐Zhuang , Wu Yan‐Qing , Li Yong‐Jun , Chen Yun‐Dai
Published: September 2022

Background

Nicorandil was reported to improve microvascular dysfunction and reduce reperfusion injury when administered before primary percutaneous coronary intervention. In this multicenter, prospective, randomized, double‐blind clinical trial (CHANGE [Effects of Nicorandil Administration on Infarct Size in Patients With ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention]), we investigated the effects of nicorandil administration on infarct size in patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods and Results

A total of 238 patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction were randomized to receive intravenous nicorandil (n=120) or placebo (n=118) before reperfusion. Patients in the nicorandil group received a 6‐mg intravenous bolus of nicorandil followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 6 mg/h. Patients in the placebo group received the same dose of placebo. The predefined primary end point was infarct size on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging performed at 5 to 7 days and 6 months after reperfusion. CMR imaging was performed in 201 patients (84%). Infarct size on CMR imaging at 5 to 7 days after reperfusion was significantly smaller in the nicorandil group compared with the placebo (control) group (26.5±17.1 g versus 32.4±19.3 g;
P
=0.022), and the effect remained significant on long‐term CMR imaging at 6 months after reperfusion (19.5±14.4 g versus 25.7±15.4 g;
P
=0.008). The incidence of no‐reflow/slow‐flow phenomenon during primary percutaneous coronary intervention was much lower in the nicorandil group (9.2% [11/120] versus 26.3% [31/118];
P
=0.001), and thus, complete ST‐segment resolution was more frequently observed in the nicorandil group (90.8% [109/120] versus 78.0% [92/118];
P
=0.006). Left ventricular ejection fraction on CMR imaging was significantly higher in the nicorandil group than in the placebo group at both 5 to 7 days (47.0±10.2% versus 43.3±10.0%;
P
=0.011) and 6 months (50.1±9.7% versus 46.4±8.5%;
P
=0.009) after reperfusion.

Conclusions

In the present trial, administration of nicorandil before primary percutaneous coronary intervention led to improved myocardial perfusion grade, increased left ventricular ejection fraction, and reduced myocardial infarct size in patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction.

Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03445728.
Impact of Socioeconomic Status and Residence Distance on Infant Heart Disease Outcomes in Canada
Authors: Olugbuyi Oluwayomi , Smith Christopher , Kaul Padma , Dover Douglas C. , Mackie Andrew S. , Islam Sunjidatul , Eckersley Luke , Hornberger Lisa K.
Published: September 2022

Background

Socioeconomic status (SES) impacts clinical outcomes associated with severe congenital heart disease (sCHD). We examined the impact of SES and remoteness of residence (RoR) on congenital heart disease (CHD) outcomes in Canada, a jurisdiction with universal health insurance.

Methods and Results

All infants born in Canada (excluding Quebec) from 2008 to 2018 and hospitalized with CHD requiring intervention in the first year were identified. Neighborhood level SES income quintiles were calculated, and RoR was categorized as residing <100 km, 100 to 299 km, or >300 km from the closest of 7 cardiac surgical programs. In‐hospital mortality at <1 year was the primary outcome, adjusted for preterm birth, low birth weight, and extracardiac pathology. Among 7711 infants, 4485 (58
.
2%) had moderate CHD (mCHD) and 3226 (41.8%) had sCHD. Overall mortality rate was 10.5%, with higher rates in sCHD than mCHD (13.3% versus 8.5%, respectively). More CHD infants were in the lowest compared with the highest SES category (27.1% versus 15.0%, respectively). The distribution of CHD across RoR categories was 52.3%, 21.3%, and 26.4% for <100 km, 100 to 299 km, and >300 km, respectively. Although SES and RoR had no impact on sCHD mortality, infants with mCHD living >300 km had a higher risk of mortality relative to those living <100 km (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.43 [95% CI, 1.11–1.84]). Infants with mCHD within the lowest SES quintile and living farthest away had the highest risk for mortality (aOR, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.08–2.81]).

Conclusions

In Canada, neither RoR nor SES had an impact on outcomes of infants with sCHD. Greater RoR, however, may contribute to higher risk of mortality among infants with mCHD.
Social Information and Educational Investment—Nudging Remedial Math Course Participation
Authors: Brade Raphael
Published: September 2022

Using field experiments, I investigate if provision of (social) information can increase incoming university students' attendance in a voluntary remedial math course. In Intervention 1, treated students receive an invitation letter with or without information about a past sign-up rate for the course. In Intervention 2, among those who signed up for the course, treated students receive reminder letters including or excluding information on how helpful the course had been evaluated by previous students. On average, no treatment increases participation in the course, but further analyses reveal that the effects in Intervention 1 are heterogeneous along two dimensions: First, suggesting salience as a mechanism, both types of information raise attendance among students who enroll late in their study program, which in turn increases their first-year performance and closes the achievement gap to early enrollees. Second, the effect of the letter with information about the past sign-up rate depends on the predicted ex-ante sign-up probability. Students whose probability falls just short of the past sign-up rate increase sign-up and participation, while the opposite is true for students whose sign-up probability exceeds the social information. Along this dimension, however, the changes in attendance do not carry over to academic achievements.
Compositional Generalization in Multilingual Semantic Parsing over Wikidata
Authors: Cui Ruixiang , Aralikatte Rahul , Lent Heather , Hershcovich Daniel
Published: September 2022

Semantic parsing (SP) allows humans to leverage vast knowledge resources through natural interaction. However, parsers are mostly designed for and evaluated on English resources, such as CFQ (Keysers et al., 2020), the current standard benchmark based on English data generated from grammar rules and oriented towards Freebase, an outdated knowledge base. We propose a method for creating a multilingual, parallel dataset of question-query pairs, grounded in Wikidata. We introduce such a dataset, which we call Multilingual Compositional Wikidata Questions (MCWQ), and use it to analyze the compositional generalization of semantic parsers in Hebrew, Kannada, Chinese, and English. While within- language generalization is comparable across languages, experiments on zero-shot cross- lingual transfer demonstrate that cross-lingual compositional generalization fails, even with state-of-the-art pretrained multilingual encoders. Furthermore, our methodology, dataset, and results will facilitate future research on SP in more realistic and diverse settings than has been possible with existing resources.
Paradigms Lost: Mission to the Kosmos in john and in David Bosch’s Biblical Models of Mission
Authors: Towner Philip H.
Published: September 2022

This study introduces David Bosch's paradigm-shift approach to a theology of mission, and questions particularly the biblical model of mission that controls his thought about mission, salvation and the church-world unity which he regards as the goal of mission. The question is whether his view of mission takes account of enough biblical models to be considered adequate. But his optimism regarding the world and mission (drawing mainly on one interpretation of Paul) is called into question by a Johannine theology of the kosmos and mission—one of the Paradigms Lost. The Johannine paradigm has not been taken into account, and the resulting model of mission lacks the biblical element of confrontation with and rejection by the world. By drawing attention to this particular biblical paradigm, the need to adjust the shape that Bosch gives to mission comes to light.
Description and phylogenetic relationships of a new, purple-flowered, endangered Schomburgkia (Laeliinae; Orchidaceae) from north-eastern Brazil
Authors: PESSOA EDLLEY M. , BRITO VINÍCIUS , RALF-NETO FRATERNO , FERNANDES GEYSLA , GOMES GUSTAVO , FRAGA ELMARY , BARROS MARIA CLAUDENE
Published: September 2022

We describe a new species of Schomburgkia, S. vandenbergiana, from north-eastern Brazil and provide a phylogenetic analysis and a summary of its conservation status. Our phylogenetic analyses indicate that S. vandenbergiana is most likely related to S. undulata and S. gloriosa. The species with dark purple flowers, S. elata, S. splendida, S. undulata and S. vandenbergiana, did not form a clade, and this trait seems to have multiple independent origins. Based on small flower size and number of keels on the disc of the lip, the new species is morphologically more similar to S. heidii, a species native to Colombia and Venezuela, but it differs in the shorter sepals and lip and erose clinandrium margin. The new species should be classified as endangered (EN) based on the IUCN criteria B1ab(i)+2ab(ii).
Hybrid Neural Network Models for Postprocessing Medium-Range Forecasts of Tropical Cyclone Tracks over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Cheung Hung Ming , Ho Chang-Hoi , Chang Minhee
Published: September 2022

Tropical cyclone (TC) track forecasts derived from dynamical models inherit their errors. In this study, a neural network (NN) algorithm was proposed for postprocessing TC tracks predicted by the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) for lead times of 2, 4, 5, and 6 days over the western North Pacific. The hybrid NN is a combination of three NN classes: 1) convolutional NN that extracts spatial features from GEFS fields; 2) multilayer perceptron, which processes TC positions predicted by GEFS; and 3) recurrent NN that handles information from previous time steps. A dataset of 204 TCs (6744 samples), which were formed from 1985 to 2019 (June–October) and survived for at least six days, was separated into various track patterns. TCs in each track pattern were distributed uniformly to validation and test dataset, in which each contained 10% TCs of the entire dataset, and the remaining 80% were allocated to the training dataset. Two NN architectures were developed, with and without a shortcut connection. Feature selection and hyperparameter tuning were performed to improve model performance. The results present that mean track error and dispersion could be reduced, particularly with the shortcut connection, which also corrected the systematic speed and direction bias of GEFS. Although a reduction in mean track error was not achieved by the NNs for every forecast lead time, improvement can be foreseen upon calibration for reducing overfitting, and the performance encourages further development in the present application.
Association of Serum γ-Glutamyltransferase With C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: He Yuanyuan , Huang Mengnan , Li Zhu , Cheng Qi , Liu Yijia , Xue Xiaoxue , Xu Yilan , Zheng Yanchao , Li Lin , Gao Shan , Yu Chunquan
Published: September 2022

Serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels have been shown to be associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Nevertheless, studies on this relationship in coronary heart disease (CHD) populations are limited. This study retrospectively assessed 17 523 patients with CHD undergoing GGT and CRP testing. They were divided into 3 groups according to GGT tertiles. The critical points for high CRP levels was 10.0 mg/L, which corresponded to the 75th percentile. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between GGT and CRP levels in CHD patients. The baseline analysis showed significant differences in related parameters among patients with CHD. Compared with GGT tertile 1 (T1), the odds ratio (OR) of T3 for GGT in CHD patients was 2.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.96–2.36). The association between GGT and CRP was higher in males (OR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.98–2.52) than in females (OR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.89–2.51). This study showed an association between serum GGT and CRP levels in patients with CHD. GGT may be an inflammatory marker and an additional measure for assessing cardiovascular risk.
Detailed Photophysical Studies of Poly(9,9-di-(2-ethylhexyl)-9-H-fluorene-2,7-vinylene) in Liquid Media and Thin Films
Authors: Khatun Rijia , Majhi Koushik , Sinha Subrata
Published: September 2022

For the present work, solvent (toluene, o-xylene, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and 1,2-dichloroethane) and concentration-dependent (∼10−6–10−3 g ml−1) photophysical properties of poly(9,9-di-(2-ethylhexyl)-9-H-fluorene-2,7-vinylene) (PEFV) were investigated in detail in liquid media as well as thin films. Also, temperature-dependent (3–60 oC) fluorescence emission measurements of PEFV were conducted in liquid media. The steady-state and time-resolved data indicate the existence of weak interchain interaction in liquid media at high concentration. However, both ground-state aggregation and interchain interaction are present for PEFV in thin film. The interchain interaction plays a dominant role on the fluorescence emission of PEFV in thin film on the red side of the spectra.
Grasping at the Root: Transforming Counseling Psychology
Authors: Reynolds Amy L.
Published: September 2022

In her 2022 Society of Counseling Psychology (SCP) Presidential Address, Amy L. Reynolds reflects on the need for transformation within counseling psychology through critical consciousness and radical action. With a focus on transforming our curriculum, centering Indigenous people and perspectives, and disrupting anti-Black racism and white supremacy in SCP policies, structures, and practice, Reynolds proposes using reparations and accountability as critical frameworks for counseling psychology.
Monsters, Michael Myers, and the Macabre as Tools to Explain Ideological Framing
Authors: Huft Justin
Published: September 2022

Framing as a metacommunicative device establishes the narrative of a given story and mobilizes emotional support. Within the framework of monster theory, horror movies are seen as a way of framing common fears about moral decay, concerns about the future, anxiety about outgroup members, and spiritual unknowns. In the classroom, we explore the monstrous body as a stand-in for the demonized (often literally) outgroup. Through tracing some of the historic roots of monsters, students are better able to see monsters as a recurring framing device for social fears. Utilizing the concepts of frame alignment (aligning individuals’ frames with larger social movement frames) and frame analysis (investigating the processes and mechanisms people utilize to make sense of situations), exploration of various subgenres of horror (including psychological horror, body horror, killers, monsters, zombies, and the paranormal) flesh out how frames are amplified, bridged, transformed, and extended.
Income Security for Vietnam-Era Veterans: A Research Note
Authors: Bass Elizabeth , Golding Heidi
Published: September 2022

Little is known about the financial security of Vietnam-era veterans now that most are over 65 and have left the labor force. Using 2018 survey data, we found that, on average, Vietnam-era veterans aged 63 to 78 had slightly less income than nonveterans of their ages: US$63,500 and US$65,000, respectively. Those veterans received more money from Social Security and retirement plans; nonveterans had more earnings and investment income. About 1.3 million Vietnam-era veterans collected an average of US$17,600 in disability compensation from the Department of Veterans Affairs, lifting their average total income above other veterans’ by about US$5,000. Overall, veterans were less likely to be poor or very wealthy than were nonveterans. Information on income provides insight to Congress and the public about the economic stability and, by extension, overall well-being of Vietnam-era veterans as they age.
Examining Beliefs About the Benefits of Self-Affirmation for Mitigating Self-Threat
Authors: Reeves Stephanie L. , Nguyen Tina , Scholer Abigail A. , Fujita Kentaro , Spencer Steven J.
Published: September 2022

Self-affirmation—reflecting on a source of global self-integrity outside of the threatened domain—can mitigate self-threat in education, health, relationships, and more. Whether people recognize these benefits is unknown. Inspired by the metamotivational approach, we examined people’s beliefs about the benefits of self-affirmation and whether individual differences in these beliefs predict how people cope with self-threat. The current research revealed that people recognize that self-affirmation is selectively helpful for self-threat situations compared with other negative situations. However, people on average did not distinguish between self-affirmation and alternative strategies for coping with self-threat. Importantly, individual differences in these beliefs predicted coping decisions: Those who recognized the benefits of self-affirmation were more likely to choose to self-affirm rather than engage in an alternative strategy following an experience of self-threat. We discuss implications for self-affirmation theory and developing interventions to promote adaptive responses to self-threat.
District Gifted Education Coordinators’ Leadership Roles and Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Guilbault Keri M. , JohnBull Ranjini M. , McCormick Kimberly M.
Published: September 2022

Gifted education coordinators play critical roles in administration and supervision of gifted education and accelerated learning programs in their districts. However, these roles are ill-defined in the literature. During the COVID-19 pandemic, leaders have been called upon to support educators and administrators in a variety of ways. This exploratory study sought to investigate the experiences of district gifted education coordinators during the first year of the pandemic. Qualitative data were collected from a national sample of 11 district gifted education coordinators through semi-structured interviews. An inductive thematic analysis revealed four categories that addressed their roles during this period: (a) professional responsibilities, (b) instructional leadership, (c) program management, and (d) communication and collaboration. The overarching theme across all interviews was the rapid need to pivot and adapt to constant change to ensure equitable access to advanced instruction. Implications for administrators of gifted education programs and areas for future study are addressed.
A giant aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva presenting with frequent syncopal attacks
Authors: Zanganehfar Mohammad Esmaeil , Shahandashti Farshad Jalili , Shriati Akram , Tayebi Aida , Saedi Sedigheh
Published: September 2022

Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is a rare congenital or acquired aortic root anomaly. The aneurysm has the potential to compress the adjacent structures or rupture to other cardiac chambers with fatal consequences. Patients might be asymptomatic or present with nonspecific cardiac symptoms. Once the diagnosis is made, prompt surgical repair is generally required. Here, we present a young woman with frequent syncope who was found to have a giant sinus of Valsalva aneurysm as the underlying etiology.
Maternal-child overweight relationship, assessment of maternal perception of child weight status and feeding behaviours
Authors: Khatamnejad Mozhgan , Akhlaghi Masoumeh
Published: September 2022

Background

Parents play a key role in constructing children’ behaviours. We studies maternal-child overweight relationship and compared maternal perception of child weight status and feeding behaviours between groups of normal-weight and overweight children.

Methods

The cross-sectional study was conducted on 192 girls aged 10–13 years and their mothers. They were divided to two groups of overweight (n = 94) and normal-weight (n = 98) children. Anthropometric characteristics were measured for children and mothers. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between child overweight and tertiles of maternal body mass index (BMI). Maternal perception of child's weight status and her engagement in promoting child's healthy behaviours was assessed.

Results

BMI and waist circumference was significantly higher in children (P < 0.001) and mothers (P < 0.01) of overweight compared to normal-weight group. There was a significant relationship between children's overweight and tertiles of maternal BMI, which remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders. Mothers of overweight children were more concerned for their child's overeating and overweight, and for compelling the child to diet to maintain a desirable weight (P < 0.001). In contrast, mothers of normal-weight children restricted sugar-sweetened drinks (P = 0.008), offered fruit and vegetables (P = 0.035), and helped their children to get enough physical activity (P = 0.022) and night sleep (P = 0.001) more than mothers in other group.

Conclusions

This study showed a strong relationship between children and mothers’ overweight. Despite being more concerned about their child weight status, mothers of overweight children reported behaviours which were less encouraging the children for healthy eating and lifestyle than mothers of normal-weight children.
Book review: Sreeram Chaulia, Crunch Time: Narendra Modi’s National Security Crises
Authors: Bhat Tahir Rashid
Published: September 2022

Sreeram Chaulia, Crunch Time: Narendra Modi’s National Security Crises (New Delhi: Rupa Publications, 2022), lviii + 277 pp.
Book review: Geetanjali Srikantan, Identifying and Regulating Religion in India: Law, History and the Place of Worship
Authors: Dube Ayushi
Published: September 2022

Geetanjali Srikantan, Identifying and Regulating Religion in India: Law, History and the Place of Worship (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020), viii + 251 pp.
Book review: Sreejith K., The Middle Class in Colonial Malabar: A Social History
Authors: Murali Sreejith
Published: September 2022

Sreejith K., The Middle Class in Colonial Malabar: A Social History (New Delhi, Manohar Books, 2021), xiv + 191 pp.
The Influence of Legal Mandates on Public Participation
Authors: Olsen Jared , Feeney Mary K.
Published: September 2022

Legal mandates are a common mechanism to stimulate government agencies to engage the public. Research shows managerial efforts can also affect civic engagement. We first examine whether local government departments that are legally mandated to engage the public have more public participation than departments that are not mandated to do so. We then explore the relationship between manager perceptions of public participation and the frequency of public participation. Finally, we analyze the interactive effect of legal mandates and managerial perceptions. To investigate our research questions, we use regression models on data from a 2018 nationally representative survey of 527 local government managers in the United States. The results indicate legal mandates are not significantly related to public participation, but managerial perceptions are a key factor. These findings support pursuing a managerial approach to advance public participation in local government.
Case report of double superior vena cava and double odd vein with hypoplastic left brachiocephalic vein
Authors: Lu Haowei , Wang Heren , Huo Xingfa , Li Guoyuan
Published: September 2022

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a common venous variation that is usually accompanied by an absence of the left brachiocephalic vein, and displays a higher incidence in patients with congenital heart disease. Here, the case of a 57-year-old male patient who was found to have PLSVC on chest computed tomography (CT) during screening for gastric cancer metastasis at the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, is described. Further coronal CT and three-dimensional reconstruction of the chest revealed the patient's double superior vena cava (DSVC), double odd veins, and left brachiocephalic vein dysplasia. The patient did not have congenital heart disease and the case was associated with dysplasia of the left brachiocephalic vein, indicating an unusual and rare venous abnormality. At the time of writing, the patient was receiving antitumour therapy.
Perioperative corneal abrasions: A report of 42 cases from the webAIRS database
Authors: Bright Matthew R , White Leigh D , Concha Blamey Sandra I , Endlich Yasmin , Culwick Martin D
Published: September 2022

Corneal abrasions are an uncommon complication of anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to identify potential risk factors, treatment and outcomes associated with corneal abrasions reported to the web-based anaesthesia incident reporting system (webAIRS), a voluntary de-identified anaesthesia incident reporting system in Australia and New Zealand, from 2009 to 2021. There were 43 such cases of corneal abrasions reported to webAIRS over this period. The most common postoperative finding was a painful eye. Common features included older patients, individuals with pre-existing eye conditions, general anaesthesia and procedures longer than 60 minutes. Most cases were treated with a combination of lubricating eye drops or aqueous antibiotic eye drops. The findings indicate that patients who sustain a perioperative corneal abrasion can be reassured that in many cases it will heal within 48 hours, but they should seek earlier review if symptoms persist or deteriorate. None of the cases in this series resulted in permanent harm. Well established eye protective measures are important to utilise throughout the perioperative period, including the time until the patient has recovered in the post-anaesthesia care unit.