bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIONSHIP OF GOD, HUMAN BEİNG AND NATURE IN TOPONIMIC LEGENDS: IN EXAMPLE OF ISSYK-KUL
Authors: Satıcıoğlu H.
Published: May 2022

People from the very beginning of their existence set the goal to understanding and interpretation the nature and environment. Within this goal, humanity instinctively created toponymic legends to explain the complex and unknown and to connect the cause. Legends are oral literary treasures that have emerged in the direction of interpreting human social events, natural events and forms. It`s important that in myths the heroes of events are ordinary people or animals, with a supernatural power that carry out extraordinary events.
In the nomadic Kyrgyz culture the legends describe the relationship of human - God, human - nature and nature - God relations by kneading with many philosophical thoughts. It should be noted that describing this, both the old Turkic mythology and elements of Islamic beliefs and motives are used. In the life of ancient Turks the cult of places and water plays an important role, it is manifested in the names of places in the Turkic world. In the context of this belief, when the Turks called the places where they lived, and the water bodies they used, they usually associated them with an unusual event, giving it a special spirit and meaning. As in many parts of the Turkic world, in Kyrgyzstan almost every mountain, stone, water body and settlement in the surrounding region is explained by one or more myths. Researching the toponymic legends of Kyrgyzstan, in our work we touched upon the relationship between god, nature and man.
NEW GLOBAL CHALLENGES OF OUR TIME AND PROBLEMS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STATE POWER
Authors: Tolobaev M.Sh. , Bapiev A.S.
Published: May 2022

The article examines the problems of the effectiveness of public administration in a pandemic. Analyzes new threats in the context of globalization. The authors assess the actions of the authorities in the context of a pandemic. The features of authoritative and democratic systems are revealed.
THE MAIN CAUSES OF DAMAGE AND DESTRUCTION OF LOW-RISE BUILDINGS
Authors: Mamatov Zh.Y. , Kojobaev J.Zh. , Sydykov Y.K. , Baky u. N.
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the main causes of damage and destruction of low-rise buildings built of local materials. In the operation of buildings, as a rule, in most cases, the operation is carried out by personnel who do not have the appropriate qualifications and skills in construction.
INCREASING OF HOLOGRAPHIC INTERFEROMETER SENSITIVITY BY DIGITAL METHODS
Authors: Tynyshova T.D. , Ismanov Y.Kh.
Published: May 2022

The development of methods for increasing the sensitivity of interferometers intended for studying complex phase media, which are characterized by abrupt changes in internal inhomogeneities, is a very urgent task.
The aim of the study, the results of which are presented in the article, is a theoretical analysis of the possibility of improving the sensitivity of the output data of a holographic interferometer using digital methods of processing optical information. The research results showed that the presence of digital information about the object and reference waves and about the interference pattern recorded by the CCD matrix allows performing various mathematical operations on these data, after which they can again be displayed on the screen, i.e., visualized. These operations can be carried out both in the sections from the object to the output plane, and at the output of the system, directly with the intensity distribution, which is fixed by the CCD matrix.
A sequence of numerical operations is proposed, which makes it possible to increase the sensitivity of the holographic system by a factor of 2m , where m  0,1, 2, 3,.... It is also shown that the increase in sensitivity according to the indicated scheme is limited only by possible speckle noise, which can worsen the contrast of the fringes of the interference pattern.
The proposed method for increasing the sensitivity of the interferometer, in contrast to the known ones, does not rely on hardware changes in interferometric systems, which is associated with high costs, but digitally improves the characteristics of the output data of low-sensitivity interferometers.
The results of the work can be used in studies of complex phase media.
PECTIN SUBSTANCES
Authors: Alieva Dj.E. , Kiiikbaeva A.Y. , Moldokanova D.A.
Published: May 2022

This article provides information about pectin substances. Information is given on the chemical structure of pectin macromolecules, their physiological activity and physicochemical properties. Clause contains the data, concerning applications of pectin in medicine and pharmacology. Pectin is effective detoksicant, possesses selective properties in relation to cations polyvalent, heavy and radioactive metals. It is used as plasmasubstitude of gemostatika.
One-shot beam-forming with adaptively weighted compound of multiple transmission angles and subbands
Authors: Saito Yuta , Tagawa Norio
Published: May 2022

We previously proposed a beamformer that adaptively compounds echoes for different subbands and transmission angles. This methodology requires the transmission and reception of multiple plane waves. Thus, in the present study, we examine a method that approximates the previous method with one transmission and reception. We assign different subbands to each transmission direction angle and simultaneously transmit one shot as a chirp signal; hence, echoes for all subbands can be received simultaneously. Then, through pulse compression, the received echo is separated into each subband, and we apply our previously proposed compound procedure to achieve imaging using one-shot beamforming. The evaluation of the method performance was conducted by finite element simulation. The results show that the obtained image is almost the same resolution as the original beamformer, but with a worse contrast. The cause and solution of the contrast deterioration are also reported in this paper.
A Study 0n discourse showed in 『Shuo Yuan』tales
Authors:   The Society For Chinese Humanities In Korea, KIM YOUNG-SIK
Published: May 2022

『Shuo Yuan(說苑)』is a famous classic that was compiled by Liu xiang(劉向) in Han dynasty period. The book is called the collection of historical tales appeared in ancient Chinese history. Liu xiang was not only concerned contents(that is, story), but also was interested in expression(that is, dicourse). 『Shuo Yuan』made good use of various rhetoric, for example a metaphor, simile, hyperbole, and allegory and so on. As a result, he skillfully delivered his intention. So made his work get literary effectiveness. Moreover 『Shuo Yuan』used many dialogues which progress tales. So role of dialogues is considerable in the work. Especially Liu xiang showed personality of characters by means of dialogues. As a result, made the work have liveliness. Liu xiang, in addition, well used depiction which made the work have literary atmosphere. This method of expression made 『Shuo Yuan』free from historical narrative on the one hand, and made 『Shuo Yuan』have literary atmosphere on the other hand. As a result, let us feel 『Shuo Yuan』involve many literacy characteristics.
A Study on the Scientific Technology and Literary Imagination of Chinese Science Fictions
Authors:   The Society For Chinese Humanities In Korea, . .
Published: May 2022

This article analyzes the relationship between scientific technology and literary imagination in Chinese Science Fictions and attempts to understand the social significance of these novels at the time. This Science Fictions reflects the science and social reality of China and shows the world of literary imagination. China's Science Fictions reflect the “Chinese dream” of realizing a space project for the moon and space by developing new science and technology amid the growth of politics and economy of the time. Not only can the prototype of Chinese Science Fiction be found in ancient myths and legends, but it was also developed by intellectuals who wanted to discover the future of modern 'New China'. In the early 20th century, Science Fictions also developed as modern writers such as Liang Qichao, Lu Xun, and La She promoted new literary enlightenment projects. In addition, Western science fiction works such as Mary W. Shelly, Jules Verne, and Herbert George Wells were translated and accepted in China, which had a great influence on the development of Science Fictions in China. To understand the development and meaning of Science Fictions of the time in China, this article analyzed the representative works of Liu Cixin, Hao Jingfang, and Wang Weilian. Chinese Science Fictions created literary works by exerting scientific imagination on dark social problems caused by urbanization and capitalization. In addition, it is looking for prospects and alternatives for the future society, reflecting the crises of mankind and the Earth. Thus, human life through scientific knowledge and imagination is reconstructed into literary imagination.
A study of The family theory(六親論) in Zipíng Mingli Science
Authors:   The Society For Chinese Humanities In Korea, . .
Published: May 2022

In The position family theory(宮位六親論) of Zipíng Mingli Science, the distribution of brothers to Wolju(月柱) was controversial, but since Jin So-am, who emphasizes Confucian hierarchical order and humanity, excluded brothers from Wolju(月柱), it has been established as a single theory and continues to this day. But In The Sipseong family theory(十星六親論) there are two major opposing views. At the heart of the debate is whether or not to view children as . The majority theory is the view of children as  and that is advocated by Seo Ja-pyeong and continued to Seo Dae-seung in the Southern Song, Yugi in the Ming Dynasty, and Shim Hyo-cheom in the Qing Dynasty. It can be said to be The children government theory(子女官星說). The minority family theory is a view of parents as  and raised by Jin So-am in the early Qing Dynasty and followed by Im Cheol-cho at the end of the Qing Dynasty. It can be said to be The parental seal ribbon theory(父母印綬說). The new family theory proposed by Jin So-am and Lim Cheol-cho is a viewpoint from the Confucian upper and lower order and human justification and There are two problems, one is against the principle of yin and yangs. the other is that A derivative contradiction newly occurred.
On the translation strategies of Shandong dialect words in the Korean translation of Liaozhaizhiyi
Authors:   The Society For Chinese Humanities In Korea, . .
Published: May 2022

Although Liaozhaizhiyi is written in classical Chinese, it does not make people feel obscure and difficult to understand. It is known as the “peak of classical classical Chinese short stories” in the history of Chinese traditional literature. The work also skillfully uses dialects, especially those in Pu Songling's hometown Zichuan, Shandong. As a special language variant, dialect is not only the specific manifestation of regional characteristics at the language level, but also has social and other language characteristics, which brings great challenges to translation. Based on the achievements of relevant papers on Liaozhaizhiyi dialect and reference books such as Shandong dialect research and Zichuan dialect chronicles, this paper extracts and counts the Shandong dialect vocabulary in Liaozhaizhiyi, and further uses the four dialect translation strategies summarized by Wang Baorong (2016) to explore the translation strategies of the extracted Shandong dialect vocabulary in the Korean translation of Jinhui Jing in Liaozhaizhiyi, This will have a certain reference significance for the translation strategy of dialect vocabulary and the selection of translation strategy of external translation of classics.
RETROPERITONEAL HIGH-GRADE SARCOMA IN A 76-YEARS-OLD MAN: Case Report.
Authors: Maria Maruca Alberto , Sani Valentina , De Troia Alessandro , Traina Luca , Oppici Dario , Carcoforo Paolo
Published: May 2022

Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas (RPS) are rare tumours which account for approximately 12-15% of all
soft tissue sarcomas with a mean incidence of 2.7 per million. RPS are frequently incidental ndings in the
work-up for non-related symptoms or diseases and can grow to an extremely large size in the retroperitoneum before symptoms or
signs of abdominal pain, back pain, bowel obstruction or a palpable abdominal mass develop. Surgical resection is the only hope
for cure and is therefore the treatment of choice for localized disease. After tumour grade, the long-term survival following RPS
resection is most dependent on the completeness of surgical resection. Other important factors are patient age, tumour subtype,
tumour size, multifocality and centralized multidisciplinary management in a specialist sarcoma centre.
The authors present a 76-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and a palpable mass in the right hemiabdomen.
The abdomen CT scan revealed a voluminous retroperitoneal neoformation at the level of the right side, with axial diameters of
17x12 cm and cranio-caudal extension of 15 cm. He underwent an incisional abdominal biopsy of the neoformation with an
eco-guided retroperitoneal surgical access. The histological diagnosis revealed the presence of a poorly differentiated
malignant neoplasm, epithelioid-like, apparently mesenchymal, so the medical team decides to subject the patient to surgery
to remove the neoformation in the right hemi-abdomen.
The removed mass is then sent to the pathological anatomy and the histological diagnosis subsequently conrms the
diagnosis of high-grade sarcoma with a well-differentiated liposarcoma component.
ARSENIC INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN GLYCOGEN AND LIPID DURING TESTICULAR CYCLE OF A FRESHWATER SILUROID, MYSTUS (M.) VITTATUS (BL.)
Authors: Shukla Anuradha , Kumar Payasi Yogendra , Shukla J.P.
Published: May 2022

The increasing order in the glycogen and lipid content was observed during preparatory and spawning
phase but decrease in these biochemical parameters was during post-spawning phase of testicular cycle
in Mystus (M.) vittatus, a freshwater siluroid. Less signicant alteration in glycogen and lipid was noticed after 15 days of
exposure but highly signicant decrease was observed after 30 days of exposure in SLC (Sublethal concentration) of trivalent
arsenic as AsCl3. causes for decline in these biochemical parameters have been discussed.
ROLE OF INFORMED CONSENT IN CLINICAL DECISION MAKING
Authors: Ahmed Ilyas Shoeb
Published: May 2022

In recent decades, the clinical procedures surrounding informed consent in healthcare settings have
experienced a revolution for the better. However, the method by which doctors get informed consent is still
challenging. The causes of this ambiguity are numerous. Part of the doubt stems from the intellectual dullness of key
foundational notions. The complexities of therapeutic communication, the importance of autonomy, and the changing nature of
the doctor-patient relationship have all contributed to the ongoing uncertainty in many clinical settings. Many patients who face
medical dilemmas are unsure of which therapy options to take. The informed consent helps in minimizing uncertainty and
empowering patients’ in choosing clinical decisions.
A RARE PRESENTATION OF INFECTED URACHAL SINUS IN AN ADULT – CASE REPORT
Authors: Santhi B. , Karthikmuthuram S. , Arulraj C.
Published: May 2022

Urachal anomalies are infrequent in adult population. Few cases of urachal sinuses are reported and are
usually asymptomatic unless a complication occurs, most likely infectious. Clinical manifestations
include purulent umbilical discharge, abdominal pain and periumbilical mass. We report a rare case of late presentation of an
infected urachal sinus in a male adult. Antibiotic therapy was followed by surgical excision. Histological examination revealed
no signs of malignancy.
ACUTE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC VESSEL THROMBOSIS CAUSING BOWEL ISCHEMIA – A 5 CASE SERIES
Authors: Santhi B. , Thirunavukkarasu S. , Jayapalanivel V.
Published: May 2022

Background: Acute mesenteric ischemia consists of the sudden, partial or complete, interruption of the
blood ow in superior or inferior mesenteric vessels that result in intestinal ischemia. The incidence was
exponentially increasing with age and no difference has been observed between sexes.
Aim: The Aim of this case series was to highlight clinical presentation, the difculty in diagnosis and importance of early
intervention and the prognosis of superior mesenteric vessel thrombosis with bowel ischemia. This article presented a case
series of intestinal infarction through obstruction of superior mesenteric vessels – three cases of acute mesenteric artery
thrombosis, two case of acute mesenteric vein thrombosis.
Materials and methods: The materials for this case series was collected from patients diagnosed and admitted as acute
superior mesenteric vessel thrombosis in various surgical units in Department of General Surgery, Govt. Kilpauk Medical
College & Hospital & Govt Royapettah Hospital,Chennai. All 5 cases have been analyzed for this study during period of 18
months from March 2020 to Augest 2021. All Cases with superior mesenteric vessels thrombosis were included.No exclusion
criteria.
Results: This case series consisted of 5 cases, three cases of acute mesenteric artery thrombosis and two case of acute
mesenteric vein thrombosis. In this case series, superior mesenteric artery thrombosis was more common with male
preponderance. 4 out of 5 cases were male in which Superior mesenteric artery was more common when compared to vein
thrombosis. Out of 5 cases, 2 cases were asymptomatic with mild abdominal discomfort. Most common complaints of 5 cases
were sudden onset of abdominal pain with or without vomiting. Abdominal distension/ Constipation were not seen in all cases.
Out of 5 cases, 2post- operative stay and no complications after surgery. 2 cases developed postop complications.1 case had
deceased because of late presentation.
Conclusion: The diagnosis of AMI is difcult and mostly delayed resulting in irreversible bowel ischemia which requires
emergency intervention. Mortality and morbidity for AMI remains high, and in patients requiring extensive bowel resection the
survival rate was low. As AMI mostly affects the elderly population physicians have to be aware of the possibility of this
condition when facing the elderly patient even with mild sudden onset of abdominal pain complaints. An interdisciplinary
collaboration is must, since patients are not initially evaluated by surgeons.
Study of hippocampal size and age
Authors: Dias Duarte Machado Luiz Gabriel , Mevorach Lior , De Oliveira Corrêa Victor , Martins Publio Correa Maria Eugênia , Phillip Sinibaldi Eagers Gabriel , Rodrigues Guidoni Guilherme , Santoro Antonio , Pires de Aguiar Paulo Henrique
Published: May 2022

Objective (or background): The hippocampus is a thoroughly studied structure of the temporal lobe. In contrast to our current knowledge of hippocampal anatomy, neurophysiology and pathophysiology, scientific literature on the relationship between the hippocampal size and age is limited. Our study aims to further the understanding of this relationship. Methods: 16 hippocampi were anatomized, photographed, measured and analyzed in comparison to age and gender using Pearson and bootstrap analyses with IBM SPSS®. Results: The results for all three independent variables of size, age and gender were not statistically significant. Conclusions: We were unable to show a statistically significant result on the correlation between the size of the hippocampus and age due to small sample size.
Elongated styloid process: literature review and morphometric data on a collection of dried skulls
Authors: Guarna Massimo , Lorenzoni Paola , Volpi Nila , Aglianò Margherita
Published: May 2022

The styloid process is a subtle process of variable length that originates from the petrous part of temporal bone . From the process originate three muscles: the stylopharyngeus,the styloglossus, the stylohyoideus and two ligaments :stylohyoid and stylomandibular . The styled process of the temporal bone has a variable length as demonstrated for studies conducted in three-dimensional computed tomography or dental panoramic three-dimensional scanning,and in dried skulls The normal length of the styloid process is particularly important to establish for the relations of closeness with vascular and nervous structures and their possible compression by an elongated styloid process.Several studies have focused on the effects of changes in length and course of the styloid process, highlighting the relations of the carotid artery and the glossopharyngeal nerve to explain cerebrovascular symptoms or Eagle’s syndrome characterized by neck pain and dysphagia .However the association for the abnormal length of styloid process and Eagle’s syndrome is not always present and many cases are asymptomatic. In the present study we propose a review of the studies performed with different in vivo radiological techniques and on dried skull collections on the normal and pathological length of the stiloyd process and on its association with the Eagle’s syndrome. We also present a morphometric study carried out in dried skulls of our museum collection.The results are discussed in light of the possible variations in the muscular and ligamentous structures consequent to the elongation of the styloid process.
Saphenous Vein Graft between Brachial Artery and Cephalic Vein in Antebrachial Arteriovenous Anastomosis – Simulation of the Procedure
Authors: Banceviča Lilija , Kažoka Dzintra , Maļcevs Aleksandrs , Pilmane Māra
Published: May 2022

Patients with chronic renal failure and vascular diseases require the vascular access for hemodialysis procedure to be performed with the most possible comfort for the patient. Native vein graft has a longer-lasting term in the patients’ limb, lower risk of graft infection and lower price. Native vein graft is constructed from the great saphenous vein, if the diameter of the vessel is smaller than the diameters of vessels (brachial artery, cephalic vein) it is connected to the cubital fossa region due to the risk of graft folding, that might occur, if the graft diameter is bigger than the diameter of one or both vessels, on which anastomosis is made. The most important sizes, that were taken before graft placement, are the length of the forearm compartment, the distance between the brachial artery and cephalic vein in the cubital fossa region, distance from an expected incision in the brachial artery to the middle of the forearm compartment, the distance between incision in cephalic vein to the middle of the forearm compartment, length of the great saphenous vein (the graft) and diameters of blood vessels, used in the procedure. Finally, the right position of the graft should be determined for the successful outcome of anastomosis creating procedure.
USO VARIÁVEL DA CONCORDÂNCIA VERBAL EM CONSTRUÇÕES DE VOZ PASSIVA SINTÉTICA NA ESCRITA DE TEXTOS JORNALÍSTICOS CEARENSES
Authors: Magalhães Hugo Leonardo Pereira , Carvalho Hebe Macedo de
Published: May 2022

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a variação da concordância verbal em construções de voz passiva sintética, à luz dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Sociolinguística Variacionista (LABOV, 2008 [1972]). Os dados foram coletados em dois jornais da cidade de Fortaleza, considerando os gêneros textuais: editorial, artigo de opinião e notícia. Os resultados indicam que 59,5% das ocorrências apresentam o verbo com marca explícita de plural em relação ao sintagma nominal posposto no plural. Formas verbais perifrásticas e infinitivas favorecem a não concordância verbal, nesse tipo de construção. O gênero notícia desponta com maior percentual de formas verbais sem marca flexional de plural em relação ao SN posposto.

Palavras-chave: concordância verbal; voz passiva sintética; jornais cearenses.
AVALIAÇÃO E ATITUDES SOCIOLINGUÍSTICAS NO PORTUGUÊS EUROPEU MADEIRENSE
Authors: Bazenga Aline
Published: May 2022

Esta pesquisa apresenta análises sobre avaliação linguistica no português europeu madeirense, através de corpora (entrevistas sociolinguísticas selecionadas a partir da amostra Funchal do CORPORAPOT e Corpus Sociolinguístico do Funchal (CSF)) e de questionários no âmbito de trabalhos de investigação realizados por Andrade (2014), Rodrigues (2018) e Nunes (2019). Foram selecionadas para um exame mais detalhado, duas variáveis sociolinguísticas, objeto de estudos anteriores focados na produção linguística: a realização anafórica de OD (variantes não padrão - ele, lhe e realização nula - e variante padrão, com clítico o) e as construções existenciais (variante não padrão - com ter - e variante padrão - com haver). O objetivo central é contribuir para o conhecimento mais aprofundado da sociedade insular, amplamente heterogênea do ponto de vista sociodemográfico e linguístico. Pretende-se, ainda, refletir sobre a possível influência dos significados sociais dos usos linguísticos e dos mecanismos subjacentes a esta inter-relação, de modo a melhor perceber se estamos perante uma comunidade de fala madeirense ou de uma pluralidade de comunidades de fala locais, geográfica e socialmente situadas na ilha da Madeira. Os resultados mostram, por um lado, que os falantes madeirenses têm consciência da diversidade linguística existente no território insular e do seu significado social, e, por outro, existe uma tendência à correlação entre variáveis sociolinguísticas e variáveis sociais (idade e nível de escolaridade dos participantes) que deverá ser levada em conta nos futuros trabalhos de investigação.

Palavras-Chave: Avaliação Sociolinguística; Variáveis Linguísticas; Português Madeirense.
AVALIAÇÃO DA VARIAÇÃO TER/HAVER EXISTENCIAIS E DA CONCORDÂNCIA VERBAL COM HAVER EXISTENCIAL NA LÍNGUA ESCRITA
Authors: Vitório Elyne Giselle de Santana Lima Aguiar
Published: May 2022

Com o objetivo de analisarmos se há significados sociais positivos, negativos ou neutros associados ao uso dos verbos ter e haver em contextos existenciais na língua escrita, mensuramos as normas subjetivas de estudantes universitários do sertão alagoano em relação à variação ter e haver em sentenças existenciais e à variação na concordância verbal com haver existencial na escrita. Para tanto, recorremos à Teoria da Variação Linguística (LABOV, 2008 [1972]) e adotamos uma abordagem direta (FASOLD, 1996; MORENO FERNÁNDEZ, 1998), considerando sete parâmetros de julgamento social: formal, conservador, sofisticado, bonito, escrever bem, ler muito e nível de estudo. Os dados mostram uma avaliação mais neutra para o uso do verbo ter, mas uma avaliação mais positiva para a pluralização do verbo haver existencial. O uso do verbo ter é mais associado à escolarização mais baixa, não ser formal e não ser conservador, ao passo que a pluralização de haver é mais avaliada como formal, sofisticada e associada ao nível mais alto de estudo.

Palavras-chave: Variação linguística. Avaliação linguística. Sentenças existenciais.
MULTILINGUISMO NOS PALOP: PERFIL SOCIOLINGUÍSTICO E AVALIAÇÃO LINGUÍSTICA EM GUINÉ-BISSAU
Authors: Rubio Cássio Florêncio
Published: May 2022

Nos Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa (PALOP), o português encontra-se em situação de contato com outras idiomas e, em determinados contextos, com línguas étnicas, já presentes naqueles territórios em período pré-colonial. Considerando essas situações de contato linguístico, buscamos apresentar reflexões sobre o contexto sociolinguístico de falantes multilíngues de Guiné-Bissau, associando a caracterização sociolinguística da comunidade à avaliação das línguas em contato. Como subsídio teórico principal, amparamo-nos nos pressupostos da Sociolinguística Variacionista (LABOV, 1966, 2008). Os resultados empregados na discussão provêm de corpus composto de 100 inquéritos coletados entre estudantes guineenses no Brasil e em Guiné-Bissau (RUBIO; CÁ, 2019; CÁ; RUBIO, 2019). Aponta-se, na comunidade, status elevado da língua portuguesa, apesar do emprego de outras línguas locais em situações do dia a dia. Constata-se uma divisão funcional de uso das línguas entre os falantes multilíngues inseridos nesta realidade.

Palavras-chave: Multilinguismo. Contato linguístico. Português. Crioulo guineense. Línguas étnicas.
COMPORTAMENTO DA NASAL PALATAL /ɲ/: ANÁLISE VARIACIONISTA
Authors: Hora Dermeval da , Pedrosa Larissa Moraes
Published: May 2022

A posição de ataque silábico, em geral, é preenchida por poucas consoantes que estão sujeitas a processos de variação. Dessas consoantes, destacam-se as oclusivas dentais /t,d/ e as soantes palatais /ɲ, ʎ/. Este texto trata da nasal palatal. O objetivo principal é discutir o comportamento desse segmento na comunidade de João Pessoa – PB - Brasil, considerando restrições sociais e estruturais. Como objetivos específicos são delineados: (a) identificar quais as condições estruturais e sociais que podem condicionar a variação da nasal palatal /ɲ/; (b) identificar qual a preferência do falante em relação às variantes, se o apagamento ou manutenção da nasal palatal; (c) identificar o estágio em que se encontra o processo de variação que envolve esse segmento, se variação estável ou indício de mudança linguística em progresso. Os dados trabalhados foram retirados do Projeto Variação Linguística no Estado da Paraíba – VALPB (1993), de onde foram selecionados 34 falantes, estratificados de acordo com o sexo, a faixa etária e os anos de escolarização. Ao lado das restrições sociais, foram controladas restrições estruturais. O tratamento estatístico foi realizado com a utilização do Programa Goldvarb X que selecionou como relevantes para o apagamento da nasal palatal as restrições estruturais (contexto fonológico precedente, contexto fonológico seguinte, número de sílabas, tonicidade, categoria gramatical) e as restrições sociais (sexo, faixa etária e anos de escolarização).

Palavras-chave: Nasal palatal. Variação linguística. Projeto VALPB. Restrições linguísticas. Restrições sociais.
O ENSINO DE PORTUGUÊS COMO LÍNGUA MATERNA NA PERSPECTIVA DA SOCIOLINGUÍSTICA: UMA PROPOSTA INTERDISCIPLINAR COM LETRAS DE MÚSICA DE CAPOEIRA
Authors: Torres Fábio Fernandes , Cruz Munirah Lopes da
Published: May 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre o ensino de língua portuguesa como língua materna, numa perspectiva sociolinguística e interdisciplinar, a partir de elementos da cultura afro-brasileira relacionados às diversidades linguística e cultural do país. Metodologicamente, a partir de letras de músicas de capoeira, propõem-se questões com o propósito de despertar a consciência dos alunos sobre os processos históricos associados à formação da nossa sociedade e de nossa variedade linguística, sobre a diversidade do português brasileiro e sobre os preconceitos sociais presentes em nossa sociedade, dentre eles, o linguístico. As reflexões baseiam-se nos pressupostos da Sociolinguística, introduzidos por Labov (2008), e nas contribuições desse modelo para o ensino de língua materna (BORTONI-RICARDO, 2004; FARACO, 2008, 2015, BAGNO, 2002, entre outros). As conclusões decorrentes dessas reflexões sugerem, como forma de despertar a consciência linguística dos fenômenos variáveis e combater o preconceito linguístico, a abordagem de questões sociais e culturais relacionadas à formação das variedades linguísticas e da realidade sociolinguística brasileira.

Palavras-chave: sociolinguística, língua portuguesa, ensino.
An Insurance Structure to Encourage Investment in Preventative Health Care
Authors: Georgakopoulos Nicholas
Published: May 2022

The incentives for investments in Americans' health are poorly aligned. Health insurers are not sufficiently motivated to invest for the long term. The structure of health insurance does not compensate insurers for investments in lasting health, such as measures preventing chronic disease. If an American changes insurers, the new insurer reaps the benefits of the good health the prior insurer's investment produced. This Essay explores insurers' incentives to invest in health, illustrates how those incentives fail, explores possible improvements, and shows that subsequent insurers should have an obligation to compensate the prior insurer for the averted expenses of expected diseases that did not emerge. This gives insurers the full incentive to prevent chronic disease while strengthening the incentives to develop cures.
Iron Man of the Rules
Authors: Higginbotham Patrick
Published: May 2022

To grasp Professor Cooper's contribution to rulemaking, it is helpful to review issues that the Advisory Committee confronted during his tenure. I will focus on the first four of his twenty years of service.
Protecting the Right of Citizens to Aggregate Small Claims against Businesses
Authors: Carrington Paul
Published: May 2022

Two years ago I ranted against the Supreme Court's subversion of the Rules Enabling Act and its opposition to the benign aims of the twentieth-century progressive law reformers expressed summarily in Rule 1 of our Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. I observed then that the majority of the Justices of the Supreme Court appeared to have joined the Chamber of Commerce, aligning themselves also with Vice President Dan Quayle's 1989 Council on Competitiveness that denounced effective civil procedure as an enemy of economic development. I was then commenting adversely on what the Court had done to transform Rule 8. I renewed my accusation last year in South Carolina while commenting on the Court's ruling protecting a manufacturer from the local enforcement of New Jersey tort law by shortening the reach of that state's courts' jurisdiction over the claim of a local plaintiff who sought compensation for an injury caused by the defendant's negligent construction of a tool shipped to New Jersey with the help of its insolvent marketing distributor. Now, for the third time in two years, I find myself protesting the Court's identification with the Quayle Commission and the Chamber of Commerce in its 2011 subversion of Rule 23(b) (3), which provides for the aggregation of small claims.
Toward Genuine Tribal Consultation in the 21st Century
Authors: Routel Colette , Holth Jeffrey
Published: May 2022

The federal government's duty to consult with Indian tribes has been the subject of numerous executive orders and directives from past and current U.S. Presidents, which have, in turn, resulted in the proliferation of agency-specific consultation policies. However, there is still no agreement regarding the fundamental components of the consultation duty. When does the consultation duty arise? And what does it require of the federal government? The answers to these questions lie in the realization that the tribal consultation duty arises from the common law trust responsibility to Indian tribes, which compels the United States to protect tribal sovereignty and tribal resources, as well as to provide certain services to tribal members. In that respect, the federal government's duty to consult with Indian tribes has a unique foundation that distinguishes it from decisions to consult with State governments or encourage public participation through the Administrative Procedures Act. This Article argues that the duty to consult with Indian tribes is properly viewed as a procedural component of the trust responsibility. It further argues that a more robust, judicially enforceable consultation requirement would be the most effective way to ensure that the federal government fulfills the substantive components of its trust responsibility to Indian tribes, while avoiding the difficult line-drawing that would be inherent in direct enforcement of those components. In this way, the consultation duty could become a powerful tool to ensure that federal agencies know and consider the impacts their actions will have on Indian people, before those actions are taken.
Federal Incarceration by Contract in a Post-Minneci World: Legislation to Equalize the Constitutional Rights of Prisoners
Authors: Waks Allison
Published: May 2022

In the 2012 case Minneci v. Pollard, the United States Supreme Court held that federal prisoners assigned to privately-run prisons may not bring actions for violations of their Eighth Amendment right against cruel and unusual punishment and may instead bring actions sounding only in state tort law. A consequence of this decision is that the arbitrary assignment of some federal prisoners to privately-run prisons deprives them of an equal opportunity to vindicate this federal constitutional right and pursue a federal remedy. Yet all federal prisoners should be entitled to the same protection under the United States Constitution-regardless of the type of prison to which they are assigned. This Note discusses the national trend toward prison privatization and the current asymmetry in legal protections and remedies available to prisoners depending on whether they are assigned to federally-run or privately-run prisons. It concludes by proposing federal legislation that would provide uniformity in the protection of federal prisoners against cruel and unusual punishment.
The Transformative Potential of Attorney Bilingualism
Authors: Rathod Jayesh
Published: May 2022

In contemporary U.S. law practice, attorney bilingualism is increasingly valued, primarily because it allows lawyers to work more efficiently and to pursue a broader range of professional opportunities. This purely functionalist conceptualization of attorney bilingualism, however, ignores the surprising ways in which multilingualism can enhance a lawyer's professional work and can strengthen and reshape relationships among actors in the U.S. legal milieu. Drawing upon research from psychology, linguistics, and other disciplines, this Article advances a theory of the transformative potential of attorney bilingualism. Looking first to the development of lawyers themselves, the Article posits that attorneys who operate bilingually may, over time, enjoy cognitive advantages such as enhanced creative thinking and problem-solving abilities, a more analytical orientation to language, and greater communicative sensitivity. Moreover, the existence of lawyers who are fully immersed in the bilingual practice of law will transform and invigorate interactions between attorneys and limited English proficient (LEP) clients and, more broadly, among attorneys, the parties to a proceeding, and legal decision makers. Although many U.S. lawyers possess non-English language ability, few are equipped with the complement of knowledge, skills, and values needed to utilize that language ability effectively in a professional setting. Therefore, the Article also calls upon the legal profession to adopt a more rigorous approach to bilingual training and instruction and outlines a set of competencies that underlie effective bilingual lawyering. These competencies relate broadly to cross-cultural interactions, knowledge of foreign legal systems, specialized and versatile language ability, and verbal and nonverbal communication skills.
TINGKAT KECEMASAN MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DENGAN DISMENOREA PADA REMAJA DI PANTI ASUHAN AISYIYAH TUNTANG KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Sunarti Nining Tunggal Sri , Winarsih Winarsih
Published: May 2022

Anxiety levels during the COVID-19 pandemic with dysmenorrhea in adolescents at the AISYIYAH Orphanage, TUNTANG, SEMARANG REGENCY
Adolescence is a period that has many problems and requires adjustment caused by changes in social expectations, roles and behavior. The COVID-19 pandemic is a challenge for adolescents in dealing with menstruation. Teenagers become uncomfortable, causing anxiety when approaching the time of menstruation and during menstruation. The anxiety experienced by adolescents in facing all these challenges cannot be separated from the incidence of dysmenorrhea which is the most common disorder in adolescents. This study used the DASS-42 questionnaire to determine the relationship between anxiety levels and dysmenorrhea. The results show p value = 0.015. This study concludes that there is a significant relationship between the level of anxiety and dysmenoea.
Keywords: Level of anxiety, COVID-19 pandemic, dysmenorrhea, adolescents
PENGARUH POSISI MENYUSUI SECARA BIOLOGIC NURTURING BABY LED FEEDING TERHADAP PENURUNAN RASA NYERI POST SECTIOCAESAREA DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM SEMBIRING DELITUA TAHUN 2020
Authors: Sutejo Joko , Tane Reisy
Published: May 2022

The Effect of Biologic Nurturing Baby Led Feeding Position on The Decrease in Post Sectio Caesarean Pain at Sembiring Delitua Hospital in 2020. Undergraduate Thesis. Nursing Study Program, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Deli Husada Delitua Health Institute. Abdominal pain is a major problem in post-caesarean section mothers. Many post sectio mothers do not want to breastfeed their babies because of pain. As well breast milk is very good for newborns. This study aims to determine the effect of the position of biologic nurturing baby led feeding on the decrease in post sectio caesarean pain. This research uses quantitative design with a quasi experimental design with one group pretest posttest design without any comparison or control group. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. There were 38 available samples taken by purposive sampling method. The data were collected by using observation sheets of 38 respondents. The results with univariate analysis showed that 12 people (31.6%) had severe pain (31.6%) and moderate pain (68.4%). The results of the bivariate analysis obtained a p-value of 0.000 <0.05, which means that there is an effect of the position of biologic nurturing baby led feeding on the decrease in post-caesarean section maternal pain at Sembiring Delitua Hospital in 2020. We can conclude that it can be applied both in hospital services and in the community, or even as a learning entry in dealing with post sectio caesarean pain.
THE INFLUENCE OF ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR ON MENARCHE READINESS IN SMP NEGERI 1 BARUMUN TENGAH PADANG LAWAS DISTRICT
Authors: Siregar Fatima
Published: May 2022

The youth group in the world is estimated at 1.2 billion (18%). Female puberty is marked by the arrival of menstruation for the first time (Menarche). Menarche in adolescent girls usually occurs in the age range of 10-16 years. How is the influence of behavior, knowledge, attitudes, and actions of young women towards readiness to face Menarche in SMP Negeri 1 Barumun Tengah. This type of quantitative research with cross sectional approach. The study was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Barumun Tengah starting from February-April 2020 with a total sample of 56 students. The results of this study can be known that the variable of knowledge influences the readiness of students in facing Menarche with p = 0.001. While the attitude and action variables are not influential on the readiness of students in the face of Menarche. Students with neutral knowledge were not ready to face Menarche by 84.7%. It is expected that students of SMP N 1 Barumun Tengah to improve their behavior regarding the readiness to face menstruation by asking questions such as mothers or midwives so that their behavior will be good in the face of menarce. Teachers are expected to provide counseling guidance to help with menstrual problems so that they are ready to face menstruation more mature and better.
Retos y dificultades de docente de nivel secundaria en tiempos de Covid-19
Authors: Chan Chi Gladis Ivette , Rodríguez Pech Juanita de la Cruz
Published: May 2022

This article aims to describe some of the main experiences that teachers at the secondary level had, derived from the exercise of the teaching function during the covid-19 pandemic. The results were analyzed by categorizing their responses into five aspects: 1. Difficulties faced 2. Challenges of virtual teaching, 3. Technological tools used, 4. Strengths detected and 5. Achievements. Among the results, it was found that participants faced difficulties associated with student connectivity, communication, the lack of teacher training and among the challenges, teaching practice, the management of different application being that distance education in emergency by Covid-19 mainly involved the use of videoconferencing applications, thus posing new challenges to teachers for their effective management. However, important strengths in teachers´ attitudes and skills are recognized, that favored the achievement of the students´ learning, as well as the improvement of capacities for virtual teaching. It´s concluded the importance of reassessing the personal dimension of teaching, as a relevant element in teaching in emergency situation.
RISK MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OIL COMPANY
Authors:   Russian University of Economics named after G. V. Plekhanov, Moscow, Russia, Filin Sergei A. , Gareeva Alina M. ,   Russian University of Economics named after G. V. Plekhanov, Moscow, Russia, Ivashkova Daria D. ,   Russian University of Economics named after G. V. Plekhanov, Moscow, Russia
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the article is to develop measures to reduce the risks of implementing the project in an oil production company. The paper used theoretical and practical research methods. Theoretical methods include analysis, synthesis, classification, generalization, grouping. Assessment, comparison, observation, description, measurement are used as practical methods. An analysis of the risks associated with the implementation of the environmental project was carried out, recommendations for their minimization were proposed. The implementation of the environmental project will ensure rational environmental management, use safer technologies from a technological point of view and, thereby, reduce the level of technological impact on the environment and other possible risks.
PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT: STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE FOR THE COMPANY
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Sidorov Nikolay V.
Published: May 2022

The article analyzes the issues of personnel management that almost every organization has to solve, since at present personnel management is becoming a strategic necessity for any company, which is also related to the situation on the labor market. The purpose of the study is to analyze and determine the main directions for optimizing the processes of recruitment and development of personnel at the enterprise. A sociometric study was conducted to determine the interaction and relationships of the company's employees to identify its organizational culture. The positive and negative aspects of personnel selection at the enterprise are highlighted and the main directions of its improvement are determined. Additional methods for the development of the company's personnel are also proposed. The conclusion is made about the need to optimize the activities of the Personnel Management of the enterprise.
APPLYING EMBEDDED REAL OPTIONS FOR INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPANY
Authors:   Russian University of Economics named after G. V. Plekhanov, Moscow, Russia, Shadrina Ekaterina E.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations to stimulate investment in the innovative development of enterprises. The article uses general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge: systemic, investment and dynamic analysis. The peculiarities and advantages of using the built-in real options are analyzed, as well as a form of strategic partnership with their use in the implementation of innovative programs and projects of enterprises is proposed. A system of economic mechanisms of strategic management of innovative programs and projects of enterprises has been proposed. It was concluded that the use of the mechanism of builtin real options in the implementation of the investment portfolio, which includes traditional and innovative projects, allows to reduce the risk of investments, limit the capital intensity of investments for enterprises and make it fundamentally possible to invest in high-risk innovative programs and projects.