bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Klasifikasi dan Klastering Penjurusan Siswa SMA Negeri 3 Boyolali
Authors: Nugroho Yusuf Sulistyo
Published: February 2017

SMA N 3 Boyolali merupakan salah satu sekolah menengah di kota Boyolali yang saat ini telah memiliki 2 jurusan yaitu IPA dan IPS. Penjurusan siswa ini dapat mengarahkan peserta didik agar lebih fokus dalam mengembangkan kemampuan diri dan minat yang dimiliki. Pemilihan jurusan yang tidak tepat bisa sangat merugikan siswa terhadap minat dan karir mereka di masa mendatang. Dengan penjurusan tersebut diharapkan dapat memaksimalkan potensi, bakat atau talenta individu, sehingga dapat memaksimalkan nilai akademisnya. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, maka dengan menerapkan teknik data mining diharapkan dapat membantu siswa untuk menentukan jurusan yang tepat sesuai dengan kriteria yang ditetapkan. Adapaun teknik data mining yang digunakan dalam penentuan jurusan ini menggunakan 3 buah metode yaitu Algoritma C4.5, Naive Bayes dan Algoritma K-Means. Sedangkan atribut yang digunakan terdiri dari Gender, Minat, Rata-rata nilai IPA, Rata-rata nilai IPS, nilai Psikotest IPA, nilai Psikotest IPS, Asal Sekolah dan Jurusan. Analisis dilakukan dengan bantuan aplikasi RapidMiner 5 untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai perbandingan terhadap metode yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menggunakan perbandingan 3 metode menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan nilai precision, metode naive bayes lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode yang lain dengan nilai 77,51%. Sedangkan berdasarkan nilai recall dan accuracy, decision tree lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode yang lain dengan nilai recall sebesar 90,80% dan nilai accuracy sebesar 79,14%. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh dalam menentukan penjurusan yaitu rata-rata nilai IPA sehingga perlu dijadikan pertimbangan bagi pihak sekolah untuk menentukan jurusan siswa.
WORKING SHIFT DIFFERENCES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON EMPLOYEESâ€™ JOB FATIGUE LEVELS: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM HOTEL INDUSTRY IN SURABAYA
Authors: Alvionita Ch Priscillia , Angelina T Frederica , Wijaya Serli
Published: February 2017

Bisnis pada sektor jasa memiliki keunikan tersendiri dalam pengelolaan karyawannya. Pembagian jamÂ kerja yang sesuai menentukan tingkat kualitas dari bisnis tersebut. Studi ini meneliti pengaruh perbedaanÂ shift kerja terhadap tingkat kelelahan karyawan pada industri perhotelan di Surabaya. Metode penelitian yangÂ digunakan adalah ANOVA. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa responden yang bekerja pada shift pagi danÂ siang menunjukkan tingkat kelelahan kerja yang berbeda secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan merekayang bekerja pada shift malam, khususnya dalam hal kelelahan emosional, kelelahan umum dan kelelahanÂ keterampilan.Kata Kunci: shift kerja, kelelahan kerja, hotel, Surabaya.
ANALISIS JUMLAH KENDARAAN BERMOTOR DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA (1990â€“2012)
Authors: Wantara I Agus
Published: February 2017

In the last few years, traffic congestions are often occurred in Yogyakarta. This situation is caused byÂ the increasing number of vehicles in Yogyakarta.This study evaluates the effect of the gross regional domesticproduct (PDRB), the people of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (JP), and region income (PD) to the number ofÂ vehicles in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (JKB). The model consists of one behavioral equation: the numberÂ of vehicles equation. The estimation technique uses Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). MacKinnon, White, andÂ Davidson test (MWD test) is used to choose between the two models: linear regression model or log-linearregression model.The sample covers observations for 23 years (1990 - 2012). The data are obtained from (1)Â Bank Indonesia (2) Badan Pusat Statistik DIY and various other sources. It is found that individually lnJP andlnPD are statistically significant (positive) except ln PDRB on the basis of (separate) t test. It is also found that onÂ the basis of the F test collectively all the regressors have a significant effect on the regressand lnJKB.Keywords: the number of vehicles, traffic congestion, linear regression model, log-linear regression model.
DAMPAK IMPLEMENTASI RGEC TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN YANG GO PUBLIC DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: , Wardoyo , Agustini Rizki Muti
Published: February 2017

This research aims to find and analyze influence risk profile, good corporate governance, earnings, andÂ capital on the banking sector companies in Indonesia public company. Based on the completeness of data, thereÂ are only 14 banks to the period observation in 2009-2011 that able to be analyzed. The analysis used is multipleÂ regression. The research results show that risk market and risks reputation impact on value of enterprise, whileÂ credit risk, risk liquidity, operational risk, risk law, and risks compliance have not been affecting the value ofÂ enterprise. Size of the board of commissioners, independence of the board of commissioners, size of the boardÂ of directors, and the number of audit committee have not been affecting the value of enterprise. While, ROEÂ impacts on value of enterprise. In the other hands, ROA, BOPO, and CAR values have not been affecting theÂ value of enterprise.Keywords: corporate value, tobinâ€™s Q, risk profile, good corporate governance, earnings.
DAMPAK STRUKTUR PASAR DAN EFSIENSI TERHADAP KINERJA BANK PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH
Authors: Yudaruddin Rizky
Published: February 2017

Conditions Regional Development Bank (BPD) in terms of Business Growth, Markets and CompetitivenessÂ within the last three years shows an alarming condition. The study aims to assess the impact of market structureÂ and efficiency of the performance of the BPD in Indonesia. The data used is secondary data in the form of financialÂ statements of banks BPD in 2004-2013. The analytical tool used in this research is panel data regression. TheÂ results found that the banking industry in particular BPD in Indonesia supports the traditional hypothesis thatÂ assumes that the concentration is a proxy of market power (market power). Variable efficiency is not significantÂ positive effect on the performance.Keywords: market structure, efficiency, performance, regional development banks
IMPLEMENTASI PERDA 8 TAHUN 2010 TENTANG PENGALIHAN BPHTB UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PAD KABUPATEN JOMBANG
Authors: Ermayanti Dwi
Published: February 2017

AbstrakBea Perolehan Hak Atas Tanah Dan Bangunan (BPHTB) merupakan salah satu sumber pendapatan daerah. Pengalihan BPHTB menjadi pajak daerah diawali dengan perumusan kebijakan yang dituangkan dalam UU Nomor 28 Tahun 2009 tentang Pajak Daerah dan Retribusi Daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui implementasi UU NO. 8 Tahun 2010 serta mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi untuk meningkatkan PAD Kabupaten Jombang. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah Implementasi Perda No. 8 tahun 2010 tentang Pengalihan BPHTB, berhasil mencapai tujuannya yaitu meningkatkan PAD di Kabupaten Jombang. Peneliti berharap selanjutnya Pemerintah Kabupaten Jombang lebih menekankan lagi Peraturan Daerah BPHTB dan membuat kebijakan bagi wajib pajak yang melanggar peraturan yang ada.Kata kunci: BPHTB, PBB, Pajak dan Retribusi DaerahAbstractRegional autonomy has broad implications on the regional authority to explore and manage local revenue sources. Tax on Acquisition of Land and Building (BPHTB) is one source of local revenue. The BPHTB diversion becomes the local tax started by the policies formulation that set forth in Law No. 28, 2009 on Taxes and Retribution Regional. This study aims to determine the implementation of Law NO. 8 of 2010 on BPHTB to increase Jombang district PAD and determine the factors that affect the implementation of Law NO. 8 of 2010 on BPHTB, to improve Jombang district PAD. The conclusion of the study is the implementation of Regulation No. 8, 2010 on BPHTB diversion, succeeded in achieving its goal of increasing PAD in Jombang. The researchers hope to the Jombang District Government to emphasizes again the BPHTB Regional Regulation and create taxpayers policies for anyone violate the rulesKeywords: Tax on Acquisition of Land and Building, Taxes and Retribution Regional
Pacific Media Watch and protest in Oceania: An investigative free media case study
Authors: Robie David
Published: February 2017

In the past three decades, global and regional media freedom advocacy and activist groups have multiplied as risks to journalists and media workers have escalated. Nowhere has this trend been so marked as in the Oceania region where some four organisations have developed a media freedom role. Of these, one is unique in that while it has had a regional mission for almost two decades, it has been continuously based at four university journalism schools in Australia, Fiji, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. Pacific Media Watch was founded as an independent, non-profit and non-government network by two journalism academics in the Australian Centre for Independent Journalism (ACIJ) at the University of Technology, Sydney. Its genesis was the jailing of two Taimi ‘o Tonga journalists, ‘Ekalafi Moala and Filokalafi ‘Akau’ola, and a ‘whistleblowing’ pro-democracy member of Parliament in Tonga, ‘Akilisi Pohiva, for alleged contempt in September 1996. PMW played a role in the campaign to free the three men. Since then, the agency has developed an investigative journalism strategy to challenge issues of ethics, media freedom, industry ownership, cross-cultural diversity and media plurality. One of PMW’s journalists won the 2013 Dart Asia-Pacific Centre for Journalism and Trauma Prize for an investigation into torture and social media in Fiji. This article presents a case study of the PMW project and examines its history and purpose as a catalyst for independent journalists, educator journalists, citizen journalists and critical journalists in a broader trajectory of Pacific protest.Figure 1: A Pacific Media Watch Fiji torture and social media investigation series won the Dart Asia-Pacific Centre trauma journalism prize in 2013.
REVIEW: Drone killings on a par with mafia hitmen
Authors: Robie David
Published: February 2017

We Kill Because We Can: From Soldiering to Assassination in the Drone Age, by Laurie Calhoun. London: Zed Books. 2016. 400pp. ISBN 978-1-78360-547-7 pbk.
Interictal diffusion and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging features of cats with familial spontaneous epilepsy
Authors: Mizoguchi Shunta , Hasegawa Daisuke , Hamamoto Yuji , Yu Yoshihiko , Kuwabara Takayuki , Fujiwara-Igarashi Aki , Fujita Michio
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the usefulness of diffusion and perfusion MRI of the cerebrum in cats with familial spontaneous epilepsy (FSECs) and identify microstructural and functional deficit zones in affected cats.

ANIMALS 19 FSECs and 12 healthy cats.

PROCEDURES Diffusion-weighted, diffusion tensor, and perfusion-weighted MRI of the cerebrum were performed during interictal periods in FSECs. Imaging findings were compared between FSECs and control cats. Diffusion (apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy) and perfusion (relative cerebral blood volume [rCBV], relative cerebral blood flow [rCBF], and mean transit time) variables were measured bilaterally in the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, parietal cortex gray matter, and subcortical white matter. Asymmetry of these variables in each region was also evaluated and compared between FSECs and control cats.

RESULTS The apparent diffusion coefficient of the total amygdala of FSECs was significantly higher, compared with that of control cats. The fractional anisotropy of the right side and total hippocampus of FSECs was significantly lower, compared with that of control cats. The left and right sides and total hippocampal rCBV and rCBF were significantly lower in FSECs than in control cats. The rCBV and rCBF of the parietal cortex gray matter in FSECs were significantly lower than in control cats.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In FSECs, diffusion and perfusion MRI detected microstructural changes and hypoperfusion (lowered function) in the cerebrum during interictal periods from that of healthy cats. These findings indicated that diffusion and perfusion MRI may be useful for noninvasive evaluation of epileptogenic foci in cats.
Female Madness in the Age of Neo-Liberalism in Charlotte Roche’s NovelsWetlandsandWrecked
Authors: Volkhausen Petra
Published: February 2017

This essay examines female madness in Charlotte Roche’s novels Wetlands and Wrecked as the (failed) attempt to conform to the twenty-first-century image of a successful woman who can have everything if only she tries hard enough. Saturated by neo-liberal maxims of individual agency and self-optimization, the protagonists perceive their madness to be an issue and flaw they have to manage on their own. Through the employment of a “neo-liberal madness,” Roche disconnects women’s psychological issues from the wider context in which they are embedded, failing to criticize the larger societal structures that continue to prevent German women from achieving true equality. Roche’s novels are a recent expression of the feminist literary tradition of critical madness – with the difference that Roche’s protagonists are madwomen not in the eye of society but in their own understanding.
A Possible Future Return to the Past
Authors: Rios Josh
Published: February 2017

This text treats a specific Doctor Who storyline, The Aztecs (1964), as a catalyst for questioning Enlightenment-era notions of rationality, progress, and technologic advancement in relation to colonial constructions of non-European societies as static and futureless. Moreover, it looks at the role geography and travel (including time travel) have played in reifying Modernity as a series of traceable, enclosed steps leading from the primitive to the contemporary. To this end, postcolonial speculative fiction is formulated as a testing ground to interrogate past and current modes of imperialism, as well as explore various alternative pasts and futurities. Clearly, reconfigurations of erased histories and ethnic traumas are necessary to formulate counter-narratives against colonialist logics of repression; however, recuperative projects also need to be undertaken with the utmost criticality and self-reflexivity. The fiction of Chicanx cyberpunk writer Ernest Hogan serves to expose the fraught nature of reclaiming pre-colonial or Indigenous pasts. Lastly, this text supposes that representation and cultural constructions have real effects in the world. As such, symbols are never merely symbolic; they aid in the creation of both justifications for marginalization as well as powerful correctives capable of transforming our social spheres and social lives in potent ways.
Influence of the Water-Cooled Heat Exchanger on the Performance of a Pulse Tube Refrigerator
Authors: Wang Wei , Hu Jianying , Xu Jingyuan , Zhang Limin , Luo Ercang
Published: February 2017

The water-cooled heat exchanger is one of the key components in a pulse tube refrigerator. Its heat exchange effectiveness directly influences the cooling performance of the refrigerator. However, effective heat exchange does not always result in a good performance, because excessively reinforced heat exchange can lead to additional flow loss. In this paper, seven different water-cooled heat exchangers were designed to explore the best configuration for a large-capacity pulse tube refrigerator. Results indicated that the heat exchanger invented by Hu always offered a better performance than that of finned and traditional shell-tube types. For a refrigerator with a working frequency of 50 Hz, the best hydraulic diameter is less than 1 mm.
Dust Climatology of the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC) in Lancaster, California, USA
Authors: Pokharel Ashok , Kaplan Michael
Published: February 2017

Abstract: A 15-year (1997–2011) climatology of dust events at the NASA DFRC in Lancaster, California, USA, was performed to evaluate how the extratropical systems were associated with dust storms over this region. For this study, we collected meteorological data for Edwards Air Force Base (EAFB) in Lancaster, California, which is very close to NASA DFRC, from wunderground.com, National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), NCEP/Hydro-meteorological Prediction Center/National Weather Service (NWS), and Unisys analyses. We find that the dust events were associated with the development of a deep convective boundary layer, turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) ≥3 J/kg, a deep unstable lapse rate layer, a wind speed above the frictional threshold wind speed necessary to ablate dust from the surface (≥7.3 m/s), a presence of a cold trough above the deep planetary boundary layer (PBL), a strong cyclonic jet, an influx of vertical sensible heat from the surrounding area, and a low volumetric soil moisture fraction <0.3. The annual mean number of dust events, their mean duration, and the unit duration per number of event for each visibility range, when binned as <11.2 km, <8 km, <4.8 km, <1.6 km, and <1 km were calculated. The visibility range values were positively correlated with the annual mean number of dust events, duration of dust events, and the ratio of duration of dust events. The percentage of the dust events by season shows that most of the dust events occurred in autumn (44.7%), followed by spring (38.3%), and equally in summer and winter with these seasons each accounting for 8.5% of events. This study also shows that the summer had the highest percentage (10%) of the lowest visibility condition (<1 km) followed by autumn (2%). Neither of the other two seasons—winter and spring—experienced such a low visibility condition during the entire dust events over 15 years. Winter had the highest visibility (<11.2 km) percentage, which was 67% followed by spring (55%). Wind speed increasing to a value within the range of 3.6–11 m/s was typically associated with the dust events.
Epigenetics in Stroke Recovery
Authors: Kassis Haifa , Shehadah Amjad , Chopp Michael , Zhang Zheng
Published: February 2017

Abstract: While the death rate from stroke has continually decreased due to interventions in the hyperacute stage of the disease, long-term disability and institutionalization have become common sequelae in the aftermath of stroke. Therefore, identification of new molecular pathways that could be targeted to improve neurological recovery among survivors of stroke is crucial. Epigenetic mechanisms such as post-translational modifications of histone proteins and microRNAs have recently emerged as key regulators of the enhanced plasticity observed during repair processes after stroke. In this review, we highlight the recent advancements in the evolving field of epigenetics in stroke recovery.
The Relationship between Neighbourhood Green Space and Child Mental Wellbeing Depends upon Whom You Ask: Multilevel Evidence from 3083 Children Aged 12–13 Years
Authors: Feng Xiaoqi , Astell-Burt Thomas
Published: February 2017

Recent reviews of the rapidly growing scientific literature on neighbourhood green space and health show strong evidence for protective and restorative effects on mental wellbeing. However, multiple informants are common when reporting mental wellbeing in studies of children. Do different informants lead to different results? This study utilised nationally representative data on Goodman’s 25-item Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire reported by 3083 children (aged 12–13 years old), and their parents and teachers. Multilevel models were used to investigate whether similar associations between child mental wellbeing (as measured using the total difficulties score and the internalising and externalising subscales) and neighbourhood green space quantity and quality are obtained regardless of the informant. After adjustment for confounders, higher green space quantity and quality were associated with consistently more favourable child mental wellbeing on all three measures, regardless of the informant. However, associations with green space quantity were statistically significant (p < 0.05) only for the parent-reported total difficulties score and the internalising subscale. Significant associations with green space quality were consistently observed for both parent- and child-reported outcomes. Teacher-reported outcomes were not significantly associated with green space exposure. Future studies of green space and child health should acknowledge when different informants of outcomes could lead to different conclusions.
A Comparison of the Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride on Ocular Surfaces between C57BL/6 and BALB/c Mice
Authors: Yang Qian , Zhang Yafang , Liu Xiuping , Wang Nan , Song Zhenyu , Wu Kaili
Published: February 2017

Models of benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced ocular disruption have been created and are widely used in various animals. This study aimed to compare the effects of BAC on the ocular surfaces of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were treated separately with BAC eye-drops at different concentrations. Eyes were evaluated by scoring epithelial disruption, corneal opacity and neovascularization in vivo, and by histological assays with hematoxylin/eosin (H/E) and periodic acid-Schiff stainings and by determining the expression of inflammatory factors in vitro on Days 7 and 14. The in vivo corneal epithelial disruption, corneal edema/opacity and neovascularization, which were in accordance with the results of the H/E staining and peaked at Day 7, were observed in a dose-dependent manner in the BAC-treated mice, with more severe signs in the C57BL/6 mice than the BALB/c mice. The loss of conjunctival goblet cells in the conjunctivas and the increasing expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), growth-regulated protein alpha (GROa) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1a) in the corneas were found in a dose-dependent manner in both strains of mice. Topical application of BAC can dramatically disrupt the ocular surfaces of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, and the disruptions were much more severe in the C57BL/6 mice that received high doses of BAC.
Low-Temperature, Solution-Processed, Transparent Zinc Oxide-Based Thin-Film Transistors for Sensing Various Solvents
Authors: You Hsin-Chiang , Wang Cheng-Jyun
Published: February 2017

A low temperature solution-processed thin-film transistor (TFT) using zinc oxide (ZnO) film as an exposed sensing semiconductor channel was fabricated to detect and identify various solution solvents. The TFT devices would offer applications for low-cost, rapid and highly compatible water-soluble detection and could replace conventional silicon field effect transistors (FETs) as bio-sensors. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of the TFT ZnO channel to sense various liquids, such as polar solvents (ethanol), non-polar solvents (toluene) and deionized (DI) water, which were dropped and adsorbed onto the channel. It is discussed how different dielectric constants of polar/non-polar solvents and DI water were associated with various charge transport properties, demonstrating the main detection mechanisms of the thin-film transistor.
Influences on Dietary Choices during Day versus Night Shift in Shift Workers: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Bonnell Emily , Huggins Catherine , Huggins Chris , McCaffrey Tracy , Palermo Claire , Bonham Maxine
Published: February 2017

Shift work is associated with diet-related chronic conditions such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to explore factors influencing food choice and dietary intake in shift workers. A fixed mixed method study design was undertaken on a convenience sample of firefighters who continually work a rotating roster. Six focus groups (n = 41) were conducted to establish factors affecting dietary intake whilst at work. Dietary intake was assessed using repeated 24 h dietary recalls (n = 19). Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and interpreted using thematic analysis. Dietary data were entered into FoodWorks and analysed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test; p < 0.05 was considered significant. Thematic analysis highlighted four key themes influencing dietary intake: shift schedule; attitudes and decisions of co-workers; time and accessibility; and knowledge of the relationship between food and health. Participants reported consuming more discretionary foods and limited availability of healthy food choices on night shift. Energy intakes (kJ/day) did not differ between days that included a day or night shift but greater energy density (EDenergy, kJ/g/day) of the diet was observed on night shift compared with day shift. This study has identified a number of dietary-specific shift-related factors that may contribute to an increase in unhealthy behaviours in a shift-working population. Given the increased risk of developing chronic diseases, organisational change to support workers in this environment is warranted.
Iron Intake and Dietary Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study
Authors: Samaniego-Vaesken Mᵃ , Partearroyo Teresa , Olza Josune , Aranceta-Bartrina Javier , Gil Ángel , González-Gross Marcela , Ortega Rosa , Serra-Majem Lluis , Varela-Moreiras Gregorio
Published: February 2017

Background: Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional problems in the world. It is frequent in both developed and developing countries and mainly affects women of childbearing age and children. Methods: Results were derived from the ANIBES cross-sectional study using a nationally-representative sample of the Spanish population (9–75 years, n = 2009). A three-day dietary record, collected by means of a tablet device, was used to obtain information about food and beverage consumption and leftovers. Results: Total median dietary iron intake was 9.8 mg/day for women and 11.3 mg/day for men. Highest intakes were observed among plausible adolescent reporters (13.3 mg/day), followed by adults (13.0 mg/day), elderly (12.7 mg/day), and children (12.2 mg/day). Prevalence of adequacy for iron intakes as assessed by EFSA criteria was higher than for the Spanish Recommended Iron Intake values in all age groups. Females had lower adequacy than males for both criteria, 27.3% and 17.0% vs. 77.2% and 57.0% respectively. Cereals or grains (26.7%–27.4%), meats and derivatives (19.8%–22.7%), and vegetables (10.3%–12.4%) were the major iron contributors. Conclusion: Higher iron intakes were observed in adolescents and were highest for non-heme iron. The prevalence of adequate iron intake according to EFSA criteria was higher than compared to national recommendations, and women had the lowest intakes. Therefore, there is a need to define standard dietary reference intake to determine inadequate iron intakes in the Spanish population.
The Risk of Being Obese According to Short Sleep Duration Is Modulated after Menopause in Korean Women
Authors: Doo Miae , Kim Yangha
Published: February 2017

We previously reported that women with short sleep duration consumed more dietary carbohydrate and showed an increased risk for obesity compared to those who slept adequately, but not for men. Using a cross-sectional study of 17,841 Korean women, we investigated the influence of sleep duration on obesity-related variables and consumption of dietary carbohydrate-rich foods in relation to menopausal status. Premenopausal women with short sleep duration had significantly greater body weight (p = 0.007), body mass index (p = 0.003), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p = 0.028 and p = 0.024, respectively), prevalence of obesity (p < 0.016), and consumption of more carbohydrate-rich foods such as staple foods (p = 0.026) and simple sugar-rich foods (p = 0.044) than those with adequate sleep duration after adjustment for covariates. Premenopausal women with short sleep duration were more obese by 1.171 times compared to subjects adequate sleep duration (95% confidence interval = 1.030–1.330). However, obesity-related variables, dietary consumption, and odds of being obese did not differ according to sleep duration for postmenopausal women. The findings suggest that the increased risk for obesity and consumption of dietary carbohydrate-rich foods with short sleep duration appeared to disappear after menopause in Korean women.
Mathematical Analysis of Replication by Cash Flow Matching
Authors: Natolski Jan , Werner Ralf
Published: February 2017

The replicating portfolio approach is a well-established approach carried out by many life insurance companies within their Solvency II framework for the computation of risk capital. In this note,weelaborateononespeciﬁcformulationofareplicatingportfolioproblem. Incontrasttothetwo most popular replication approaches, it does not yield an analytic solution (if, at all, a solution exists andisunique). Further,althoughconvex,theobjectivefunctionseemstobenon-smooth,andhencea numericalsolutionmightthusbemuchmoredemandingthanforthetwomostpopularformulations. Especially for the second reason, this formulation did not (yet) receive much attention in practical applications, in contrast to the other two formulations. In the following, we will demonstrate that the (potential) non-smoothness can be avoided due to an equivalent reformulation as a linear second order cone program (SOCP). This allows for a numerical solution by efﬁcient second order methods like interior point methods or similar. We also show that—under weak assumptions—existence and uniqueness of the optimal solution can be guaranteed. We additionally prove that—under a further similarly weak condition—the fair value of the replicating portfolio equals the fair value of liabilities. Based on these insights, we argue that this unloved stepmother child within the replication problem family indeed represents an equally good formulation for practical purposes.
An Improved Automatic Algorithm for Global Eddy Tracking Using Satellite Altimeter Data
Authors: Sun Miao , Tian Fenglin , Liu Yingjie , Chen Ge
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we propose a new hybrid mesoscale eddy tracking method to enhance the eddy tracking accuracy from global satellite altimeter data. This method integrates both physical and geometric eddy properties (including the distance between eddies, the area and amplitude of eddy, and the shape of the eddy edge) via the output of detection and the calculation of Hausdorff distance, which could describe the similarity between eddy boundaries. We applied the proposed hybrid method to several previously reported eddies and compared the results with those from two traditional tracking methods. A quantitative comparison indicates that the hybrid algorithm can better reveal eddy signals in terms of their spatial scale, amplitude, lifespan, and splitting. The hybrid method was used for global mesoscale eddies tracking from 1993 to 2015. Global distributions of net eddy numbers revealed that the sources of eddies are located along the eastern boundaries of the world oceans, while the sinks of eddies are located along the western boundaries. The lifespan distribution of eddies exhibited steep growth from high and low latitudes to middle latitudes. A clear divergent pathway demonstrates that cyclonic/anticyclonic eddies tend to travel poleward/equatorward in the world oceans.
SAR-PC: Edge Detection in SAR Images via an Advanced Phase Congruency Model
Authors: Xiang Yuming , Wang Feng , Wan Ling , You Hongjian
Published: February 2017

Edge detection in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images has been a challenging task due to the speckle noise. Ratio-based edge detectors are robust operators for SAR images that provide constant false alarm rates, but they are only optimal for step edges. Edge detectors developed by the phase congruency model provide the identification of different types of edge features, but they suffer from speckle noise. By combining the advantages of the two edge detectors, we propose a SAR phase congruency detector (SAR-PC). Firstly, an improved local energy model for SAR images is obtained by replacing the convolution of raw image and the quadrature filters by the ratio responses. Secondly, a new noise level is estimated for the multiplicative noise. Substituting the SAR local energy and the new noise level into the phase congruency model, SAR-PC is derived. Edge response corresponds to the max moment of SAR-PC. We compare the proposed detector with the ratio-based edge detectors and the phase congruency edge detectors. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and visual effects are used to evaluate the performance. Experimental results of simulated images and real-world images show that the proposed edge detector is robust to speckle noise and it provides a consecutive edge response.
The Electrostatically Formed Nanowire: A Novel Platform for Gas-Sensing Applications
Authors: Shalev Gil
Published: February 2017

The electrostatically formed nanowire (EFN) gas sensor is based on a multiple-gate field-effect transistor with a conducting nanowire, which is not defined physically; rather, the nanowire is defined electrostatically post-fabrication, by using appropriate biasing of the different surrounding gates. The EFN is fabricated by using standard silicon processing technologies with relaxed design rules and, thereby, supports the realization of a low-cost and robust gas sensor, suitable for mass production. Although the smallest lithographic definition is higher than half a micrometer, appropriate tuning of the biasing of the gates concludes a conducting channel with a tunable diameter, which can transform the conducting channel into a nanowire with a diameter smaller than 20 nm. The tunable size and shape of the nanowire elicits tunable sensing parameters, such as sensitivity, limit of detection, and dynamic range, such that a single EFN gas sensor can perform with high sensitivity and a broad dynamic range by merely changing the biasing configuration. The current work reviews the design of the EFN gas sensor, its fabrication considerations and process flow, means of electrical characterization, and preliminary sensing performance at room temperature, underlying the unique and advantageous tunable capability of the device.
On the Incompleteness of Ibragimov’s Conservation Law Theorem and Its Equivalence to a Standard Formula Using Symmetries and Adjoint-Symmetries
Authors: Anco Stephen
Published: February 2017

A conservation law theorem stated by N. Ibragimov along with its subsequent extensions are shown to be a special case of a standard formula that uses a pair consisting of a symmetry and an adjoint-symmetry to produce a conservation law through a well-known Fréchet derivative identity. Furthermore, the connection of this formula (and of Ibragimov’s theorem) to the standard action of symmetries on conservation laws is explained, which accounts for a number of major drawbacks that have appeared in recent work using the formula to generate conservation laws. In particular, the formula can generate trivial conservation laws and does not always yield all non-trivial conservation laws unless the symmetry action on the set of these conservation laws is transitive. It is emphasized that all local conservation laws for any given system of differential equations can be found instead by a general method using adjoint-symmetries. This general method is a kind of adjoint version of the standard Lie method to find all local symmetries and is completely algorithmic. The relationship between this method, Noether’s theorem and the symmetry/adjoint-symmetry formula is discussed.
Detection of Viable Bacteria during Sludge Ozonation by the Combination of ATP Assay with PMA-Miseq Sequencing
Authors: Tian Shaonan , Tian Zhe , Yang Hong , Yang Min , Zhang Yu
Published: February 2017

Using sludge obtained from municipal sewage treatment plants, the response of viable bacterial populations during the sludge ozonation process was investigated by a combination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay and propidium monoazide (PMA)-Miseq sequencing. The ATP assay was first optimized for application on sludge samples by adjusting the sludge solid contents and reaction time. PMA-modified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also optimized by choosing the suitable final PMA concentration. The quantity and composition of viable bacterial populations during sludge ozonation were further elucidated using the optimized ATP and PMA-modified PCR methods. The results indicated that after the sludge was exposed to ozone (O3) at 135 mg·O3/g total suspended solids (TSS), the viable biomass displayed a substantial decrease, with a reduction rate reaching 70.89%. The composition of viable bacterial communities showed a faster succession, showing that an ozone dosage of 114 mg·O3/g TSS is enough to significantly change the viable bacterial population structure. Floc-forming genera, such as Zoogloea, Ferruginibacter, Thauera and Turneriella, are sensitive to ozonation, while the relative abundances of some functional bacterial genera, including SM1A02, Nitrospira and Candidatus Accumulibacter, remained constant or increased in the viable bacterial population during sludge ozonation, indicating that they are more resistant to ozonation.
Relating Complexity and Error Rates of Ontology Concepts
Authors: Zheng Ling , Perl Yehoshua , Halper Michael , Coronado Sherri de , Ochs Christopher , Min Hua
Published: February 2017

Objectives: Ontologies are knowledge structures that lend support to many health-information systems. A study is carried out to assess the quality of ontological concepts based on a measure of their complexity. The results show a relation between complexity of concepts and error rates of concepts.

Methods: A measure of lateral complexity defined as the number of exhibited role types is used to distinguish between more complex and simpler concepts. Using a framework called an area taxonomy, a kind of abstraction network that summarizes the structural organization of an ontology, concepts are divided into two groups along these lines. Various concepts from each group are then subjected to a two-phase QA analysis to uncover and verify errors and inconsistencies in their modeling. A hierarchy of the National Cancer Institute thesaurus (NCIt) is used as our test- bed. A hypothesis pertaining to the expected error rates of the complex and simple concepts is tested.

Results: Our study was done on the NCIt’s Biological Process hierarchy. Various errors, including missing roles, incorrect role targets, and incorrectly assigned roles, were discovered and verified in the two phases of our QA analysis. The overall findings confirmed our hypothesis by showing a statistically significant difference between the amounts of errors exhibited by more laterally complex concepts vis-à-vis simpler concepts.

Conclusions: QA is an essential part of any ontology’s maintenance regimen. In this paper, we reported on the results of a QA study targeting two groups of ontology concepts distinguished by their level of complexity, defined in terms of the number of exhibited role types. The study was carried out on a major component of an important ontology, the NCIt. The findings suggest that more complex concepts tend to have a higher error rate than simpler concepts. These findings can be utilized to guide ongoing efforts in ontology QA.
The H i Chronicles of LITTLE THINGS BCDs. III. Gas Clouds in and around Mrk 178, VII Zw 403, and NGC 3738
Authors: Ashley Trisha , Simpson Caroline E. , Elmegreen Bruce G. , Johnson Megan , Pokhrel Nau Raj
Published: February 2017

In most blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies, it remains unclear what triggers their bursts of star formation. We study the H i of three relatively isolated BCDs, Mrk 178, VII Zw 403, and NGC 3738, in detail to look for signatures of star formation triggers, such as gas cloud consumption, dwarf–dwarf mergers, and interactions with companions. High angular and velocity resolution atomic hydrogen (H i) data from the Very Large Array (VLA) dwarf galaxy H i survey, Local Irregulars That Trace Luminosity Extremes, The H i Nearby Galaxy Survey (LITTLE THINGS), allow us to study the detailed kinematics and morphologies of the BCDs in H i. We also present high-sensitivity H i maps from the NRAO Green Bank Telescope (GBT) of each BCD to search their surrounding regions for extended tenuous emission or companions. The GBT data do not show any distinct galaxies obviously interacting with the BCDs. The VLA data indicate several possible star formation triggers in these BCDs. Mrk 178 likely has a gas cloud impacting the southeast end of its disk or it is experiencing ram pressure stripping. VII Zw 403 has a large gas cloud in its foreground or background that shows evidence of accreting onto the disk. NGC 3738 has several possible explanations for its stellar morphology and H i morphology and kinematics: an advanced merger, strong stellar feedback, or ram pressure stripping. Although apparently isolated, the H i data of all three BCDs indicate that they may be interacting with their environments, which could be triggering their bursts of star formation.
The Interstellar Medium in High-redshift Submillimeter Galaxies as Probed by Infrared Spectroscopy∗
Authors: Wardlow Julie L. , Cooray Asantha , Osage Willow , Bourne Nathan , Clements David , Dannerbauer Helmut , Dunne Loretta , Dye Simon , Eales Steve , Farrah Duncan , Furlanetto Cristina , Ibar Edo , Ivison Rob , Maddox Steve , Michałowski Michał M. , Riechers Dominik , Rigopoulou Dimitra , Scott Douglas , Smith Matthew W. L. , Wang Lingyu , Werf Paul van der , Valiante Elisabetta , Valtchanov Ivan , Verma Aprajita
Published: February 2017

Submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at

are luminous in the far-infrared, and have star formation rates, SFR, of hundreds to thousands of solar masses per year. However, it is unclear whether they are true analogs of local ULIRGs or whether the mode of their star formation is more similar to that in local disk galaxies. We target these questions by using Herschel-PACS to examine the conditions in the interstellar medium (ISM) in far-infrared luminous SMGs at

–4. We present 70–160 μm photometry and spectroscopy of the [O iv]26 μm, [Fe ii]26 μm, [S iii]33 μm, [Si ii]34 μm, [O iii]52 μm, [N iii]57 μm, and [O i]63 μm fine-structure lines and the S(0) and S(1) hydrogen rotational lines in 13 lensed SMGs identified by their brightness in early Herschel data. Most of the 13 targets are not individually spectroscopically detected; we instead focus on stacking these spectra with observations of an additional 32 SMGs from the Herschel archive—representing a complete compilation of PACS spectroscopy of SMGs. We detect [O i]63 μm, [Si ii]34 μm, and [N iii]57 μm at

in the stacked spectra, determining that the average strengths of these lines relative to the far-IR continuum are

,

, and

, respectively. Using the [O iii]52 μm/[N iii]57 μm emission line ratio, we show that SMGs have average gas-phase metallicities

. By using PDR modeling and combining the new spectral measurements with integrated far-infrared fluxes and existing [C ii]158 μm data, we show that SMGs have average gas densities, n, of

and FUV field strengths,

(in Habing units:

), consistent with both local ULIRGs and lower luminosity star-forming galaxies.
A Closer Look at the Alpha Persei Coronal Conundrum
Authors: Ayres Thomas R.
Published: February 2017

A ROSAT survey of the Alpha Per open cluster in 1993 detected its brightest star, the mid-F supergiant α Persei: the X-ray luminosity and spectral hardness were similar to coronally active late-type dwarf members. Later, in 2010, a Hubble Cosmic Origins Spectrograph SNAPshot of α Per found the far-ultraviolet (FUV) coronal-proxy Si iv unexpectedly weak. This, and a suspicious offset of the ROSAT source, suggested that a late-type companion might be responsible for the X-rays. Recently, a multifaceted program tested that premise. Ground-based optical coronography and near-UV imaging with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide-Field Camera 3 searched for any close-in faint candidate coronal objects, but without success. Then, a Chandra pointing found the X-ray source single and coincident with the bright star. Significantly, the Si iv emissions of α Per, in a deeper FUV spectrum collected by the HST Cosmic Origin Spectrograph as part of the joint program, are aligned well with chromospheric atomic oxygen (which must be intrinsic to the luminous star), within the context of cooler late-F and early-G supergiants, including Cepheid variables. This pointed to the X-rays as the fundamental anomaly. The overluminous X-rays still support the case for a hyperactive dwarf secondary, albeit now spatially unresolved. However, an alternative is that α Per represents a novel class of coronal source. Resolving the first possibility now has become more difficult, because the easy solution—a well-separated companion—has been eliminated. Testing the other possibility will require a broader high-energy census of the early-F supergiants.
Nonlinear Force-free Coronal Magnetic Stereoscopy
Authors: Chifu Iulia , Wiegelmann Thomas , Inhester Bernd
Published: February 2017

Insights into the 3D structure of the solar coronal magnetic field have been obtained in the past by two completely different approaches. The first approach are nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolations, which use photospheric vector magnetograms as boundary condition. The second approach uses stereoscopy of coronal magnetic loops observed in EUV coronal images from different vantage points. Both approaches have their strengths and weaknesses. Extrapolation methods are sensitive to noise and inconsistencies in the boundary data, and the accuracy of stereoscopy is affected by the ability of identifying the same structure in different images and by the separation angle between the view directions. As a consequence, for the same observational data, the 3D coronal magnetic fields computed with the two methods do not necessarily coincide. In an earlier work (Paper I) we extended our NLFFF optimization code by including stereoscopic constrains. The method was successfully tested with synthetic data, and within this work, we apply the newly developed code to a combined data set from SDO/HMI, SDO/AIA, and the two STEREO spacecraft. The extended method (called S-NLFFF) contains an additional term that monitors and minimizes the angle between the local magnetic field direction and the orientation of the 3D coronal loops reconstructed by stereoscopy. We find that when we prescribe the shape of the 3D stereoscopically reconstructed loops, the S-NLFFF method leads to a much better agreement between the modeled field and the stereoscopically reconstructed loops. We also find an appreciable decrease by a factor of two in the angle between the current and the magnetic field. This indicates the improved quality of the force-free solution obtained by S-NLFFF.
Diversity of Abundance Patterns of Light Neutron-capture Elements in Very-metal-poor Stars∗
Authors: Aoki Misa , Ishimaru Yuhri , Aoki Wako , Wanajo Shinya
Published: February 2017

We determine the abundances of neutron-capture elements from Sr to Eu for five very-metal-poor stars (

) in the Milky Way halo to reveal the origin of light neutron-capture elements. Previous spectroscopic studies have shown evidence of at least two components in the r-process; one referred to as the “main r-process” and the other as the “weak r-process,” which is mainly responsible for producing heavy and light neutron-capture elements, respectively. Observational studies of metal-poor stars suggest that there is a universal pattern in the main r-process, similar to the abundance pattern of the r-process component of solar-system material. Still, it is uncertain whether the abundance pattern of the weak r-process shows universality or diversity, due to the sparseness of measured light neutron-capture elements. We have detected the key elements, Mo, Ru, and Pd, in five target stars to give an answer to this question. The abundance patterns of light neutron-capture elements from Sr to Pd suggest a diversity in the weak r-process. In particular, scatter in the abundance ratio between Ru and Pd is significant when the abundance patterns are normalized at Zr. Our results are compared with the elemental abundances predicted by nucleosynthesis models of supernovae with parameters such as electron fraction or proto-neutron-star mass, to investigate sources of such diversity in the abundance patterns of light neutron-capture elements. This paper presents that the variation in the abundances of observed stars can be explained with a small range of parameters, which can serve as constraints on future modeling of supernova models.