bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The wild boar Sus scrofa in northern Eurasia: a review of range expansion history, current distribution, factors affecting the northern distributional limit, and management strategies
Authors: Markov Niсkolay , Economov Alexander , Hjeljord Olav , Rolandsen Christer M. , Bergqvist Göran , Danilov Pjotr , Dolinin Vadim , Kambalin Victor , Kondratov Alexander , Krasnoshapka Nikolay , Kunnasranta Mervi , Mamontov Victor , Panchenko Danila , Senchik Alexander
Published: July 2022

The wild boar Sus scrofa is one of the most widely distributed large mammal species in the world, existing on all continents except Antarctica. In the late 20th Century, its geographical range expanded naturally and through intentional releases. Despite the environmental, social, and economic importance of the wild boar, its current distribution in northern Eurasia remains uncertain, and the factors that limit and promote expansion in northern ecosystems are unknown.

We aimed to summarise the history of wild boar range expansion and current distribution in the countries of northern Eurasia. We also assess the relative importance of climate (both harshness and warming), habitat (both current diversity and possible change), predators, releases, supplementary feeding, and hunting in limiting or promoting the distribution and range expansion of the species. We review hunting management and other regulations that may affect further northward expansion.

Information on wild boar expansion and distribution was collated from available scientific publications, official statistics, volunteer reports, and expert knowledge. The effects of natural factors (climate harshness, habitat variation, predators) and anthropogenic factors (climate warming, habitat change, releases, supplementary feeding, hunting) on wild boar distribution were assessed using estimates (scores) provided by experts from the target regions.

The wild boar in Europe is distributed up to 64°N. In Asia, the northern distributional limit is up to 61°N. The species' northern distributional limit is further north in the west than in the east of the geographic range.

Experts regarded climate harshness, habitat, and hunting as the most important factors limiting wild boar distribution. Important factors that promote the expansion of the wild boar's range include climate warming and supplementary feeding.

Our analysis of the official approaches to wild boar management suggests that the northern Eurasian countries do not have a united approach to the challenge of wild boar expansion. Collaboration between managers, policymakers, and researchers is needed for monitoring the wild boar distribution and range expansion throughout northern Eurasia. This data collection is especially important now, as parts of Europe and Asia are facing the challenge of African swine fever as well as other human–wildlife conflicts related to increasing wild boar populations.
Nanoarchitecture and molecular interactions of epithelial cell junction proteins revealed by super‐resolution microscopy
Authors: Naser Amna N. , Guiler William , Lu Qun , Chen Yan‐Hua
Published: July 2022

Epithelial cells are polarized with defined apical tight junctions (TJs), lateral adherens junctions (AJs), and basal integrin–matrix interactions. However, it is increasingly recognized that resident cell junction proteins can be found in varying locations and with previously unrecognized functions. Our study here presents the nanoarchitecture and nanocolocalization of cell junction proteins in culture and tissue by stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). The Z‐axial view of noncancerous MDCK‐II and PZ‐HPV‐7 cell–cell junctions resolved β‐catenin and p120ctn localizations to TJs and AJs, with p120ctn apical to β‐catenin and colocalizing with TJ protein claudin‐7. More basally, p120ctn and β‐catenin become colocalized. This topography was lost in isogenic Ras‐transformed MDCK cells and cancerous PC3 cells, where p120ctn becomes basally localized in relation to β‐catenin. Claudin‐7 gene conditional knockout (cKO) in mice also have altered polarity of p120ctn relative to β‐catenin, like that seen in normal‐to‐cancer cell phenotypic transformation. Additionally, claudin‐7 cKO resulted in redistribution and relocalization of other cell junction proteins, including claudin‐1, zonula occludens‐1, integrin α2, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK); specifically, integrin α2 and FAK were observed at the apical–lateral compartment. Our data show that STORM reveals regional cellular junction nanoarchitecture previously uncharacterized, providing new insight into potential trans‐compartmental modulation of protein functions.
Effect of Home‐based Telerehabilitation on the Postoperative Rehabilitation Outcome of Hip Fracture in the Aging Population
Authors: Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Zhang Yin‐Guang , Li Zhen , Li Shi‐Hao , Xu Wei‐Guo
Published: July 2022

Objective

To investigate the effects of home‐based telerehabilitation based on the Internet‐based rehabilitation management system on hip function, activities of daily living and somatic integrative ability of elderly postoperative hip fracture patients.

Methods

From June 2020 to November 2020, we recruited 58 elderly postoperative hip fracture patients and randomly assigned them to the telephone group (n = 29) and the telerehabilitation group (n = 29). Both groups received routine discharge instructions, and the former received telephone follow‐up after discharge, while the latter received remote rehabilitation based on the Internet‐based rehabilitation management system. The Harris hip score (HHS), functional independence measure (FIM), timed up‐and‐go test (TUG), and short physical performance battery (SPPB) were used to evaluate the patients' hip function, activities of daily living, and overall somatic ability.

Results

There was no significant difference between the baseline data of the two groups before the intervention (P > 0.05); no matter after hip replacement or internal fixation, the HHS score and FIM score of both groups increased gradually with the postoperative time, and the scores in the telerehabilitation group were higher than those in the telephone group at 1 and 3 months after the intervention, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05); for patients after hip replacement, the TUG and SPPB scores in the telerehabilitation group were better than those in the telephone group at 3 months after the intervention, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The Internet‐based rehabilitation management system applied to postoperative home rehabilitation of elderly hip fracture patients can improve the functional recovery of the hip joint and enhance the ability to perform activities of daily living and somatic integration to a certain extent. This seems to provide an effective option for conducting home rehabilitation.
Catastrophic Periprosthetic Osteolysis in Total Hip Arthroplasty at 20 Years: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Xing Dan , Li Rujun , Li Jiao Jiao , Tao Ke , Lin Jianhao , Yan Taiqiang , Zhou Diange
Published: July 2022

Background

Periprosthetic osteolysis is a serious complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, most orthopedic surgeons only focus on bone loss and hip reconstruction. Thus, it was required to understand the treatment algorithm for periprosthetic osteolysis integrally.

Case Presentation

A 52‐year‐old Asian male presented with chronic hip pain. A mass appeared on the medial side of the proximal left thigh at more than 20 years after bilateral THA. Radiographs revealed catastrophic periprosthetic osteolysis, especially on the acetabular side. Large amounts of necrotic tissue and bloody fluids were thoroughly debrided during revision THA. A modular hemipelvic prosthesis was used for revision of the left hip. Four years later, the patient presented with right hip pain, where a mass appeared on the medial side of the proximal right thigh. A primary acetabular implant with augment was used for revision of the right hip. Laboratory evaluation of bloody fluid retrieved from surgery revealed elevated levels of inflammatory markers.

Conclusion

Inflammatory responses to polyethylene wear debris can lead to severe bone resorption and aseptic loosening in the long‐term following THA. Therefore, in spite of revision THA, interrupting the cascade inflammatory might be the treatment principle for periprosthetic osteolysis.
The Difference of Sagittal Correction of Adult Subaxial Cervical Spine Surgery According to Age: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wu Jionglin , Guo Rui , Yang Canchun , Yan Haolin , Wang Zheyu , Chen Zhipeng , Peng Xiaoshuai , Zhang Di , Jiang Xu , Zhao Qiancheng , Li Bo , Hu Xumin , Gao Liangbin
Published: July 2022

Objective

At present, the true sagittal alignment of the cervical spine is uncertain, resulting in no standard reference for subaxial cervical surgery. So, we aimed to explore the age difference of normal cervical sagittal alignment and to further investigate the mid‐and long‐term changes of sagittal alignment after subaxial cervical spine surgery.

Materials and Methods

This was a retrospective study and 1223 asymptomatic volunteers and 79 patients undergoing subaxial cervical spine surgery were retrospectively reviewed in total. Asymptomatic volunteers and patients were divided into six subgroups: 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69 and ≥70 groups. The age difference and trend with age of cervical sagittal parameters of asymptomatic volunteers were assessed by cervical lateral radiography and analyzed by ANOVA test, and the regression equation of C2‐7 Cobb was established via multiple linear regression. Based on the C2‐7 Cobb regression equations of different ages, the theoretical value, deviation value, loss value of the C2‐7 Cobb, and JOA recovery rate of patients were calculated, and the correlation among the loss value, deviation value of the C2‐7 Cobb, and JOA recovery rate of the 79 patients was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis.

Results

For the asymptomatic volunteers, the C0‐2 Cobb decreased gradually with increasing age. The C2‐7 Cobb, C2‐7 SVA, T1S, NT, and TIA increased gradually with increasing age. The CBVA fluctuated with increasing age. T1S demonstrated a moderate correlation with C2‐7 Cobb (r = 0.60, p < 0.01); C0‐2 Cobb, C2‐7 SVA, CBVA, and TIA demonstrated a fair correlation with C2‐7 Cobb (r = −0.30, −0.33, 0.41, 0.40, p < 0.01); age demonstrated a poor correlation with C2‐7 Cobb (r = 0.19, p < 0.01). The regression equations of C2‐7 Cobb were established using C0‐2 Cobb, C2‐7 SVA, CBVA, and T1S. For the patients with subaxial cervical spine surgery, the loss of C2‐7 Cobb was moderately correlated with the deviation of C2‐7 Cobb (r = 0.33, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

The age difference of cervical sagittal alignment was obvious, and the C2‐7 Cobb increased with age especially. The closer the postoperative C2‐7 Cobb was to the theoretical value of corresponding age, the smaller the loss of correction angle was, and the better the mid‐ and long‐term outcomes. The personalized sagittal reconstruction should be performed according to age difference for subaxial cervical spine surgery.
Childhood lymphomatoid papulosis Type D, a rare and challenging diagnosis
Authors: Brown Danielle N. , Blessing Melissa M. , Marcogliese Andrea N. , Vega Francisco , Prose Neil , Metry Denise
Published: July 2022

A 10‐year‐old female with a several‐year history of pityriasis lichenoides (PL) presented with a new, asymptomatic, large, and necrotic ulcer of her right upper arm. Skin biopsy was consistent with lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) Type D, a recently recognized subtype of LyP that is distinguished histologically by marked epidermotropism and a perivascular infiltrate of medium‐sized pleomorphic lymphocytes with a cytotoxic phenotype (CD3+, CD8+). This is only the sixth reported case of LyP Type D in a child, and while the prognosis in children appears favorable, with no reports of progression to lymphoma to date, more experience in children with longer‐term follow‐up is needed. Our case highlights both the challenging clinical diagnosis, since in our patient the longstanding clinical presentation was indistinguishable from PL, as well as histopathologic diagnosis, which required expert opinion and consensus.
Rapid growth and slow involution of Reed nevus in a long‐term dermoscopic follow‐up
Authors: Fikrle Tomas , Pizinger Karel
Published: July 2022

We describe the rapid growth of a Reed nevus followed by its slow involution and present dermoscopic follow‐up images. The child was monitored for 10 years (from age 3 to 13 years) by digital dermoscopy. The Reed nevus completely lost its typical dermoscopic arrangement (starburst pattern) with involution and distinct changes in dermoscopic pattern.
Regulatory reforms, normative changes, and performance: Evidence from the electricity sector in Latin America
Authors: González Camilo Ignacio , Peci Alketa
Published: July 2022

Over the past three decades the Latin American region has experienced various regulatory reforms, and distinctive normative changes have been introduced in the framework, instruments, or procedures adopted by independent regulatory agencies (IRAs). While there is evidence that the establishment of an IRA positively affects regulated sector performance, little is known about the effects of these additional legal dispositions when incorporated in primary or secondary legislation. However, normative changes may shape IRAs' actual regulatory activities and the signals they send to their stakeholders, potentially influencing sectoral performance. This research traces the evolution of several instruments and procedures legally adopted by IRAs located in Latin America and comprehensively assesses the influence of these normative changes on the performance dimensions of the electricity sector. We built indexes that describe the adoption of specific legal dispositions in the region. These indexes reveal that the evolution of the normative dispositions varies in terms of extent, context, and timing of adoption. In addition, the changes are not equally or even positively associated with specific performance dimensions. While economic regulatory instruments shape many performance dimensions, “soft” procedural dispositions also play an important role in perceptions of quality in the electricity sector.
Pandemics and technology engagement: New evidence from m‐Health intervention during COVID‐19 in India
Authors: Rathi Sawan , Chakrabarti Anindya S. , Chatterjee Chirantan , Hegde Aparna
Published: July 2022

Information provision for social welfare via cheap technological media is now a widely available tool used by policymakers. Often, however, an ample supply of information does not translate into high consumption of information due to various frictions in demand, possibly stemming from the pecuniary and non‐pecuniary cost of engagement, along with institutional factors. We test this hypothesis in the Indian context using a unique data set comprising 2 million call records of enrolled users of ARMMAN, a Mumbai‐based nongovernmental organization that sends timely informational calls to mobile phones of less‐privileged pregnant women. The strict lockdown induced by COVID‐19 in India was an unexpected shock on engagement with m‐Health technology, in terms of both reductions in market wages and increased time availability at home. Using a difference‐in‐differences design on unique calls tracked at the user‐time level with fine‐grained time‐stamps on calls, we find that during the lockdown period, the call durations increased by 1.53 percentage points. However, technology engagement behavior exhibited demographic heterogeneity increasing relatively after the lockdown for women who had to borrow the phones vis‐à‐vis phone owners, for those enrolled in direct outreach programs vis‐à‐vis self‐registered women, and for those who belonged to the low‐income group vis‐à‐vis high‐income group. These findings are robust with coarsened exact matching and with a placebo test for a 2017–2018 sample. Our results have policy implications around demand‐side frictions for technology engagement in developing economies and maternal health.
Effectiveness of VISIA system in evaluating the severity of rosacea
Authors: Pan Yu , Jia Kaiyu , Yan Sihan , Jiang Xian
Published: July 2022

Background

Rosacea is a facial chronic inflammatory skin disease with almost 5.5% prevalence. Although there are various scales of rosacea, they are objective and discordant among different dermatologists. Noninvasive objective measurements such as VISIA system might play essential roles in the diagnosis and evaluation of rosacea. Here, we intended to reveal the effectiveness of VISIA system in rosacea.

Materials and methods

A number of 563 participants diagnosed with facial rosacea were enrolled in study. They all received both full‐face image‐shoot by VISIA system with quantitative analysis software and physician's assessment via five different scales, including investigator global assessment (IGA), clinician erythema assessment (CEA), numerical score, the National Rosacea Society (NRS) grading system and telangiectasis.

Results

Absolute score and percentile of red area had significant correlations with IGA and CEA, whereas red area had no significant correlation with numerical score, NRS and telangiectasis. Red area in erythematotelangiectatic rosacea patients demonstrated the highest correlation with IGA and CEA, especially in those aged between 51 and 60. Besides red area, pigmentation parameters in VISIA system (brown spot) also showed significant correlation with IGA and CEA.

Conclusion

VISIA system might be an effective measurement in the assessment of rosacea severity.
Effect of cover crops residue on weed control and yield in conservation tillage tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production
Authors: Samedani Batoul , Meighani Fariba
Published: July 2022

It has been proved that cover crops combined with minimal or no till in tomato production reduce weed pressure and simultaneously slow down soil erosion, conserve soil organic carbon, and improve soil fertility. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the interaction effects of cover crops including legumes, (Vicia villosa Roth and Vicia sativa L.), and legumes mixed with grasses (Secale cereale L. and X Triticosecale Wittmack), and cover crop biomass management (incorporation of residues into soil, strip tillage and no tillage) on weed control, tomato yield, nitrogen level of tomato leaf and soil, and soil organic carbon for 2 years. Generally, cover crops reduced weed dry weight in all tillage systems, and increased tomato leaf N level compared to that of conventional methods, but soil N and organic carbon contents were not affected throughout the experiments. In 2017, the highest tomato yield (40.5 and 41.1 t ha−1) was recorded in legumes and mixed legumes‐grasses treatments with no‐till management, respectively. However, in 2018, the tomato yield decreased about 41% in the latter treatment. Totally, legume treatments in incorporation residue into soil and no‐till systems with 61.3 and 61.2 t ha−1, and mixed legumes‐grasses treatments in strip‐till system with 62.2 t ha−1, respectively, had the highest tomato yield compared to that of other treatments. It seemed legumes‐grasses treatment in the strip‐till was generally more advantageous over the no‐till. Based on results, to make possible no‐till in vegetable systems, cover crops should provide an appropriate seedbed for tomato roots in the soil.
Performance improvement and decolourization in the high‐solid thermophilic anaerobic digestion of thermally pretreated sewage sludge
Authors: Takashima Masanobu , Yaguchi Junichi
Published: July 2022

This laboratory‐scale study attempted performance improvement and decolourization in the high‐solid thermophilic anaerobic digestion of thermally pretreated sewage sludge, as it tends to be disturbed by ammonia inhibition and colour generation. Sewage sludge was adjusted to 7%–8% total solids (TS), and pretreated at 150°C for 1 h. The digesters were operated at 55°C and 20 days hydraulic retention time. An addition of powdered activated carbon (approximately 2% of the feed TS) significantly contributed to the removal of propionate and reduced the colour in digested sludge by about 27%. Microbial analysis detected less abundance of bacterial Synergistia and archaeal Methanosarcina and implied more hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis with the activated carbon addition. Conditioning with ferric chloride for dewatering digested sludge mitigated the colour of dewatered liquor by about 67%. Therefore, these methods were demonstrated to be effective and partly overcome the above‐mentioned problems.
A belief-degree based multi-objective transportation problem with multi-choice demand and supply
Authors: Vandana Kakran  , Dhodiya Jayesh
Published: July 2022

This paper focusses on the development of a Multi-choice Multi-objective Transportation Problem (MCMOTP) in the uncertain environment. The parameters associated with the objective functions in MCMOTP are regarded as uncertain variables and the other parameters associated with supply capacity and demand requirements are considered under the multi-choice environment. In this paper, two ranking criteria have been utilized to convert the uncertain objectives into their crisp form. Using these two ranking criteria for the uncertain MCMOTP model, two deterministic models have been developed namely, Expected Value Model (EV Model) and Optimistic Value Model (OV Model). The multi-choice parameters in the constraints are converted to a single choice parameters with the help of binary variable approach. The EV and OV models are solved directly in the LINGO 18.0 software using minimizing distance method and fuzzy programming technique. At last, a numerical illustration is provided to demonstrate the application and algorithm of the models. The sensitivity of the objective functions in OV Model is also examined with respect to the confidence levels to investigate variation in the objective functions.
Efectividad y EVA del sector floricultor en Colombia, 2014-2019
Authors: Rivera Godoy Jorge Alberto , Arcila Bautista Diego Fernando , Rojas Murillo Diana Marcela
Published: July 2022

Esta investigación busca evaluar la efectividad financiera del sector floricultor en Colombia para lograr utilidades contables a sus inversionistas, además de determinar si generó valor económico agregado (EVA) en el período 2014-2019. Como metodología se empleó el análisis estático y de tendencias de indicadores de origen contable y de gestión de valor. Los resultados muestran que el sector aumentó las ventas, los activos y la utilidad neta logrando rentabilidades sobre el patrimonio, lo cual se debe más a la eficacia en el control de costos-gastos totales que a la eficiencia en el uso de los activos, y además al apalancamiento financiero. Este sector crea EVA en cuatro años, haciendo que su valor de mercado agregado resulte positivo. El EVA sigue la orientación de la rentabilidad después de impuestos del activo neto operacional, que en promedio es superior al costo de capital. Al compararse con empresas de mayores ventas se encuentra que todo el sector es inferior en la rentabilidad del patrimonio, por ser menos eficiente y eficaz y utilizar menor apalancamiento financiero, aunque mantiene una mayor estabilidad.
Strength and Power Testing of Athletes: Associations of Common Assessments Over Time
Authors: Lindberg Kolbjørn , Solberg Paul , Bjørnsen Thomas , Helland Christian , Rønnestad Bent , Thorsen Frank Martin , Haugen Thomas , Østerås Sindre , Kristoffersen Morten , Midttun Magnus , Sæland Fredrik , Eythorsdottir Ingrid , Paulsen Gøran
Published: July 2022

Purpose: This study examined the associations among common assessments for measuring strength and power in the lower body of high-performing athletes, including both cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Methods: A total of 100 participants, including both male (n = 83) and female (n = 17) athletes (21 [4] y, 182 [9] cm, 78 [12] kg), were recruited for the study using a multicenter approach. The participants underwent physical testing 4 times. The first 2 sessions (1 and 2) were separated by ∼1 week, followed by a period of 2 to 6 months, whereas the last 2 sessions (3 and 4) were also separated by ∼1 week. The test protocol consisted of squat jumps, countermovement jumps, jump and reach, 30-m sprint, 1-repetition-maximum squat, sprint cycling, and a leg-press test. Results: There were generally acceptable correlations among all performance measures. Variables from the countermovement jumps and leg-press power correlated strongly with all performance assessments (r = .52–.79), while variables from sprint running and squat-jump power displayed more incoherent correlations (r = .21–.82). For changes over time, the correlations were mostly strong, albeit systematically weaker than for cross-sectional measures. Conclusions: The associations observed among the performance assessments seem to be consistent for both cross-sectional data and longitudinal change scores. The weaker correlations for change scores are most likely mainly caused by lower between-subjects variations in the change scores than for the cross-sectional data. The present study provides novel information, helping researchers and practitioners to better interpret the relationships across common performance assessment methods.
Effects of Far-Infrared Radiation-Lamp Therapy on Recovery From Simulated Soccer Match Running Activities in Elite Soccer Players
Authors: Hsieh Chung-Chan , Nosaka Kazunori , Chou Tai-Ying , Hsu Sheng-Tsung , Chen Trevor C.
Published: July 2022

Purpose: The authors investigated whether far-infrared radiation (FIR) lamp therapy would reduce muscle damage and enhance recovery from multiple soccer-match-related running activities. Methods: Twenty-four elite female soccer players (20–24 y) were assigned into a FIR or a sham treatment group (n = 12/group). They performed a daily 90-minute Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) for 6 consecutive days. Maximal voluntary contraction torque of the knee extensors (KEs) and flexors, muscle soreness, plasma creatine kinase activity, countermovement jump, and several other performance measures (eg, 30-m dash, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1) were taken before the first LIST, 1 hour after each LIST, and 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after the last LIST. All participants received a 30-minute FIR or sham treatment on KEs and knee flexors, respectively, at 2 hour after each LIST and 25, 49, 73, and 97 hours after the last LIST. Results: All measures changed significantly (P < .05) at 1 hour after the first LIST without difference (P > .05) between groups. Maximal voluntary contraction torque (eg, the largest decrease of KE for FIR: 13% [4%], sham: 25% [5%]), countermovement jump height (4% [3%] vs 14% [4%]), and other performance measures (eg, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test: 11% [5%] vs 26% [5%]) decreased less, and peak muscle soreness (eg, KE: 26 [9] vs 51 [18] mm) and plasma creatine kinase activity (172 [32] vs 1289 [610] IU/L) were smaller for the FIR than for the sham group (P < .05), and they returned to the baseline earlier (P < .05) for the FIR group. Conclusions: These results suggest that the FIR therapy provided potent effects on reducing accumulated muscle damage and enhancing recovery.
Effect of the Level of Physical Activity on Prefrontal Cortex Hemodynamics in Older Adults During Single- and Dual-Task Walking
Authors: Germain Charles , Perrot Alexandra , Tomasino Christophe , Bonnal Julien , Ozsancak Canan , Auzou Pascal , Prieur Fabrice
Published: July 2022

The present study aimed to examine the impact of the level of physical activity on prefrontal cortex activation in older adults during single- and dual-task walking. Thirty physically inactive and 36 active older adults (60–85 years old) performed six 2-min tasks on a treadmill: two static cognitive tasks, two single-task walking tests, and two dual-task walking tests. Hemodynamics at the level of the prefrontal cortex were measured continuously using functional near-infrared spectroscopy to evaluate cortical activation. The perceived difficulty of the task, cognitive performance, and gait parameters were also measured. During the walking tasks, the level of prefrontal cortex activation, the perceived difficulty of the task, cognitive performance, and motor parameters were not significantly different between active and inactive older adults. This unchanged activation with physical activity was likely the consequence of a similar motor and cognitive load and cardiorespiratory fitness in both active and inactive older adults.
New Perspectives on Antimicrobial Agents: Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir for Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Atmar Robert L. , Finch Natalie
Published: July 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged to cause pandemic respiratory disease in the past 2 years, leading to significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. At the beginning of the pandemic, only nonspecific treatments were available, but recently two oral antivirals have received emergency use authorization from the U.S.
Subtyping Evaluation of
Salmonella
Enteritidis Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing with Nanopore Reads
Authors: Xian Zhihan , Li Shaoting , Mann David Ames , Huang Yixiao , Xu Feng , Wu Xingwen , Tang Silin , Zhang Guangtao , Stevenson Abigail , Ge Chongtao , Deng Xiangyu
Published: July 2022

Evaluation, standardization, and implementation of the ONT approach to WGS-based, strain-level subtyping is challenging, in part due to its relatively high base-calling error rates and frequent iterations of sequencing chemistry and bioinformatic analytics. Our study established a baseline for the continuously evolving nanopore technology as a viable solution to high-quality subtyping of
Salmonella
, delivering comparable subtyping performance when used standalone or together with short-read platforms.
Moving towards More Diverse and Welcoming Conference Spaces: Data-Driven Perspectives from Biology Education Research Scholars
Authors: Wilton Mike , Vargas Paloma , Prevost Luanna , Lo Stanley M. , Cooke James E. , Gin Logan E. , Imad Mays , Tatapudy Sumitra , Sato Brian
Published: July 2022

Academic conferences are integral to the dissemination of novel research findings and discussion of pioneering ideas across all postsecondary disciplines. For some participants, these environments are spaces to develop new collaborations, research projects, and social bonds; however, for others, conferences can be a place of marginalization and outright hostility.
The Acquisition and Retention of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus by Blood-Feeding Insects Is Influenced by the Source of Virus, the Insect Body Part, and the Time since Feeding
Authors: Sanz-Bernardo Beatriz , Suckoo Rey , Haga Ismar R. , Wijesiriwardana Najith , Harvey Alice , Basu Sanjay , Larner Will , Rooney Sara , Sy Victoria , Langlands Zoë , Denison Eric , Sanders Christopher , Atkinson John , Batten Carrie , Alphey Luke , Darpel Karin E. , Gubbins Simon , Beard Philippa M.
Published: July 2022

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a high consequence pathogen of cattle that is rapidly expanding its geographical boundaries into new regions such as Europe and Asia. This expansion is promoted by the mechanical transmission of the virus via hematogenous arthropods.
The Host Response to Influenza A Virus Interferes with SARS-CoV-2 Replication during Coinfection
Authors: Oishi Kohei , Horiuchi Shu , Minkoff Judith M. , tenOever Benjamin R.
Published: July 2022

The human population now has two circulating respiratory RNA viruses with high pandemic potential, namely, SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus. As both viruses infect the airways and can result in significant morbidity and mortality, it is imperative that we also understand the consequences of getting coinfected.
CDC50 Orthologues in Plasmodium falciparum Have Distinct Roles in Merozoite Egress and Trophozoite Maturation
Authors: Patel Avnish , Nofal Stephanie D. , Blackman Michael J. , Baker David A.
Published: July 2022

Malaria morbidity arises due to successive rounds of replication of
Plasmodium
parasites within red blood cells. Mature daughter merozoites are released from infected erythrocytes to invade new cells in a tightly regulated process termed egress.
Extracellular Loops of the Treponema pallidum FadL Orthologs TP0856 and TP0858 Elicit IgG Antibodies and IgG+-Specific B-Cells in the Rabbit Model of Experimental Syphilis
Authors: Delgado Kristina N. , Montezuma-Rusca Jairo M. , Orbe Isabel C. , Caimano Melissa J. , La Vake Carson J. , Luthra Amit , Hennelly Christopher M. , Nindo Fredrick N. , Meyer Jacob W. , Jones Letitia D. , Parr Jonathan B. , Salazar Juan C. , Moody M. Anthony , Radolf Justin D. , Hawley Kelly L.
Published: July 2022

Recent identification and structural modeling ofTreponema pallidum’s (Tp) repertoire of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) represent a critical breakthrough in the decades long quest for a syphilis vaccine. However, little is known about the antigenic nature of these β-barrel-forming OMPs and, more specifically, their surface exposed regions, the extracellular loops (ECLs).
Cross-Kingdom Infection of Macrophages Reveals Pathogen- and Immune-Specific Global Reprogramming and Adaptation
Authors: Sukumaran Arjun , Ball Brianna , Krieger Jonathan R. , Geddes-McAlister Jennifer
Published: July 2022

The relationship between the human microbiota and infectious disease outcome is a rapidly expanding area of study. Understanding how the host responds to changes in its symbiotic relationship with microbes provides new insight into how disruption can promote disease.
Computational Modeling of Macrophage Iron Sequestration during Host Defense against Aspergillus
Authors: Adhikari Bandita , Scindia Yogesh , Sordo Vieira Luis , de Assis Lopes Ribeiro Henrique , Masison Joseph , Yang Ning , Fonseca Luis L. , Wheeler Matthew , Knapp Adam C. , Mei Yu , Helba Brian , Atkinson Carl , Schroeder Will , Mehrad Borna , Laubenbacher Reinhard
Published: July 2022

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a major cause of death among immunosuppressed individuals despite the best available therapy. Depriving the pathogen of iron is an essential component of host defense in this infection, but the mechanisms by which the host achieves this are complex.
Genetic and Pathogenic Characterization of Avian Influenza Virus in Migratory Birds between 2015 and 2019 in Central China
Authors: Yao Zhongzi , Zheng Huabin , Xiong Jiasong , Ma Liping , Gui Rui , Zhu Gongliang , Li Yong , Yang Guoxiang , Chen Guang , Zhang Jun , Chen Quanjiao
Published: July 2022

Influenza virus surveillance in wild birds plays an important role in the early recognition and control of the virus. However, the AIV gene pool in wild birds in central China along the East Asian-Australasian flyway has not been well studied.
Melting of Titanium by a Shock Wave Generated by an Intense Femtosecond Laser Pulse
Authors: Khokhlov V. A. , Zhakhovsky V. V. , Inogamov N. A. , Ashitkov S. I. , Sitnikov D. S. , Khishchenko K. V. , Petrov Yu. V. , Manokhin S. S. , Nelasov I. V. , Shepelev V. V. , Kolobov Yu. R.
Published: July 2022

Laser shock peening with ultrashort laser pulses has been studied by hydrodynamic and atomistic simulations, as well as experimentally. It has been shown that, in contrast to traditional nanosecond pulses, ultrashort laser pulses allow one to increase the produced pressures by two or three orders of magnitude from 1–10 GPa to 1000 GPa (1 TPa). The physics of phenomena changes fundamentally because shock waves generating pressures exceeding the bulk modulus of a metal melt it. It has been shown for the first time that the shock melting depth at pressures about 1 TPa is an order of magnitude larger than the thickness of the melt layer caused by heat conduction. The appearance, propagation, and damping of a melting shock wave in titanium have been studied. The damping of the shock wave makes it possible to modify the surface layer, where the melting regime changes from a fast one in the shock jump to a slow propagation of the melting front in the unloading tail behind the shock wave. It has been shown experimentally that the ultrafast crystallization of the melt forms a solid layer with a structure strongly different from that before the action. The measured depth of this layer is in good agreement with the calculation.
Application of the Tikhonov Regularization Method in Problems of Ellipsometic Porometry of Low-K Dielectrics
Authors: Gaidukasov R. A. , Myakon’kikh A. V. , Rudenko K. V.
Published: July 2022

In the development of promising ULIS scaling technologies, one of the key roles is played by porous dielectrics with a low permittivity used to isolate interconnects in a metallization system. Condensation of gaseous products in the pores of such films makes it possible to solve the most important problem that prevents the integration of such films, to carry out low-damage plasma etching. However, methods for studying porosity are also based on the study of the adsorption isotherm during condensation in film pores. Therefore, the study of adsorption in pores is one of the most important practical problems arising in the creation of dielectrics with a low permittivity and the study of low-damaging methods for their structuring. The method of ellipsometric porosimetry is an easy-to-implement and accurate approach for obtaining an adsorption isotherm; however, its further analysis and determination of the pore size distribution are reduced to solving an integral equation and is an ill-posed problem. In this paper, we propose to apply Tikhonov’s regularization method to solve it. The method is verified on model data and used to study a low-k dielectric sample with an initial thickness of 202 nm and a permittivity of 2.3 based on organosilicate glass.
Association of hemoglobin A1c time in range with risk for diabetes complications
Authors: Mohr David C , Zhang Libin , Prentice Julia C , Nelson Richard E , Li Donglin , Pleasants Erin , Conlin Paul R
Published: July 2022

Introduction

We assessed the association between hemoglobin A1c time in range (A1c TIR), based on unique patient-level A1c target ranges, with risks of developing microvascular and macrovascular complications in older adults with diabetes.

Research design and methods

We used a retrospective observational study design and identified patients with diabetes from the Department of Veterans Affairs (n=397 634). Patients were 65 years and older and enrolled in Medicare during the period 2004–2016. Patients were assigned to individualized A1c target ranges based on estimated life expectancy and the presence or absence of diabetes complications. We computed A1c TIR for patients with at least four A1c tests during a 3-year baseline period. The association between A1c TIR and time to incident microvascular and macrovascular complications was studied in models that included A1c mean and A1c SD.

Results

We identified 74 016 patients to assess for incident microvascular complications and 89 625 patients to assess for macrovascular complications during an average follow-up of 5.5 years. Cox proportional hazards models showed lower A1c TIR was associated with higher risk of microvascular (A1c TIR 0% to <20%; HR=1.04; 95%) and macrovascular complications (A1c TIR 0% to <20%; HR=1.07; 95%). A1c mean was associated with increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications but A1c SD was not. The association of A1c TIR with incidence and progression of individual diabetes complications within the microvascular and macrovascular composites showed similar trends.

Conclusions

Maintaining stability of A1c levels in unique target ranges was associated with lower likelihood of developing microvascular and macrovascular complications in older adults with diabetes.
Guillain-Barré syndrome following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the UK: a prospective surveillance study
Authors: Tamborska Arina A , Singh Bhagteshwar , Leonhard Sonja E , Hodel Eva Maria , Stowe Julia , Watson-Fargie Taylor , Fernandes Peter M , Themistocleous Andreas C , Roelofs Jacob , Brennan Kathryn , Morrice Caroline , Michael Benedict D , Jacobs Bart C , McDonald Helen , Solomon Tom
Published: July 2022

Objective

To investigate features of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) following SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and evaluate for a causal link between the two.

Methods

We captured cases of GBS after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination through a national, open-access, online surveillance system. For each case, the certainty of GBS was graded using the Brighton criteria, and the relationship to the vaccine was examined using modified WHO Causality Assessment criteria. We compared age distribution of cases with that of prepandemic GBS cases and clinical features with the International GBS Outcome Study (IGOS).

Results

Between 1 January and 30 June 2021, we received 67 reports of GBS following the ChAdOx1 vaccine (65 first doses) and three reports following the BNT162b2 vaccine (all first doses). The causal association with the vaccine was classified as probable for 56 (80%, all ChAdOx1), possible for 12 (17%, 10 ChAdOx1) and unlikely for two (3%, 1 ChAdOx1). A greater proportion of cases occurred in the 50–59 age group in comparison with prepandemic GBS. Most common clinical variants were sensorimotor GBS (n=55; 79%) and facial diplegia with paraesthesias (n=10; 14%). 10% (n=7/69) of patients reported an antecedent infection, compared with 77% (n=502/652) of the IGOS cohort (p<0.00001). Facial weakness (63% (n=44/70) vs 36% (n=220/620); p<0.00001) and sensory dysfunction (93% (n=63/68) vs 69% (n=408/588); p=0.00005) were more common but disease severity and outcomes were similar to the IGOS study.

Interpretation

Most reports of GBS followed the first dose of ChAdOx1 vaccine. While our study cannot confirm or refute causation, this observation, together with the absence of alternative aetiologies, different than expected age distribution and the presence of unusual clinical features support a causal link. Clinicians and surveillance bodies should remain vigilant to the possibility of this very rare adverse event and its atypical variants.
The value of MRI for detecting subclinical joint inflammation in clinically suspect arthralgia
Authors: Boeren Anna M. P. , Oei Edwin H. G. , van der Helm - van Mil Annette H.M.
Published: July 2022

In the last decade, much research has focused on the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the symptomatic phase preceding the onset of clinical arthritis. Observational studies on imaging have revealed that subclinical joint inflammation in patients with arthralgia at risk for RA precedes and predicts the onset of clinically apparent arthritis. Moreover, the results of two placebo-controlled randomised proof-of-concept trials in patients with arthralgia and MRI-detected subclinical inflammation studies will soon be available. The initial results are encouraging and suggest a beneficial effect of DMARD treatment on subclinical inflammation. Since this may increase the necessity to detect subclinical joint inflammation in persons with arthralgia that are at risk for RA, we will here review what has been learnt about subclinical inflammation in at-risk individuals by means of imaging. We will focus on MRI as this method has the best sensitivity and reproducibility. We evaluate the prognostic value of MRI-detected subclinical inflammation and assess the lessons learnt from MRIs about the tissues that are inflamed early on and are associated with the clinical phenotype in arthralgia at risk for RA, for example, subclinical tenosynovitis underlying pain and impaired hand function. Finally, because long scan times and the need for intravenous-contrast agent contribute to high costs and limited feasibility of current MRI protocols, we discuss progress that is being made in the field of MRI and that can result in a future-proof way of imaging that is useful for assessment of joint inflammation on a large scale, also in a society with social distancing due to COVID-19 restrictions.
The acute effect of maximal exercise on arterial stiffness in adults with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Melo Xavier , Marôco João Luís , Pinto Rita , Angarten Vitor , Coimbra Manuel , Correia Duarte , Roque Mafalda , Reis Joana , Santos Vanessa , Fernhall Bo , Santa-Clara Helena
Published: July 2022

We compared central and peripheral arterial stiffness response patterns between persons with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) of different age groups at rest and following a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Fifteen young adults with and without IDD, and 15 middle-aged adults without IDD performed a CPET. Central and peripheral arterial stiffness were measured at rest and following CPET using estimates of carotid-femoral (cfPWV), carotid-radial (crPWV), and carotid-ankle (cdPWV) pulse wave velocity derived from piezoelectric mechano-transducers. cfPWV remained unchanged following CPET in adults with and without IDD but increased in middle-aged adults ( d = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.27–1.42 m·s–1, p = 0.005), whereas cdPWV was similarly reduced ( d = –0.77; 95% CI: –1.06 to –0.48 m·s–1, p < 0.001) in all groups. crPWV remained unchanged in all groups. These results were independent of exercise-related changes in mean arterial pressure. Overall group differences suggested that persons with IDD ( d = –1.78; 95% CI: –3.20 to –0.37 m·s–1, p = 0.009) and without IDD ( d = –1.84; 95% CI: –3.26 to –0.43 m·s–1, p = 0.007) had lower cfPWV than middle-aged adults. We found no evidence of early vascular aging and diminished vascular reserve following CPET in adults with IDD.
Modelling the effects of currents and migratory behaviours on the dispersal of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts in a coastal embayment
Authors: Quinn Brady K. , Trudel Marc , Wilson Brent M. , Carr Jonathan , Daniels Jason , Haigh Susan , Hardie David C. , Hawkes James P. , McKindsey Christopher W. , O'Flaherty-Sproul Mitchell , Simard Émilie , Page Fred
Published: July 2022

The post-smolt phase is considered a critical period for Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar). Hence, identifying migration routes used by post-smolts is needed to protect the habitats they require to successfully complete their life cycle. We used a biophysical model coupled with output from a water circulation model (FVCOM) to simulate dispersal of Atlantic salmon post-smolts in a semi-enclosed bay: Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick, Canada. The model was run with nine post-smolt behaviours and six swimming speeds, and then tested against acoustic telemetry data. While no modelled behaviour entirely captured observed salmon migration routes, we identified some behaviours that could allow salmon to successfully leave the bay and resulted in predictions that matched observations reasonably well (e.g., swimming southwest, negative, or tide-varying rheotaxis). We could also rule out several behaviours as unlikely to be used by Atlantic salmon post-smolts in this area (e.g., passive dispersal, orienting based on salinity or temperature, and positive rheotaxis). Hence, with suitable behaviours and models, this approach can provide estimates of the essential habitats and migration routes of wild post-smolts.