bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Comisión de la Verdad en Colombia: conocimiento, percepción, eficacia y emociones asociadas
Authors: Ruiz José Ignacio , Castro-Abril Pablo , López-López Wilson , Páez Darío , Méndez Lander , Castro-Molinares Suly , Yadira-Cepeda Zulma , Caicedo-Bucheli María Alejandra , Amaris María del Carmen , Moncayo Jorge Eduardo , Camelo-Mendoza Rossana , Orduz-Gualdron Frank Steward , Beltrán-Espitia Manuel , Mongui Zulma Lorena , Domínguez Elsy , Alejo-Riveros Argemiro , Pérez-Cervantes Luís Eduardo , Orozco Castillo Carolina , Alvarado-Pinzón Laura , Restrepo-Soto Jaime Alberto , Alejo-Castillo Edgar , Orejuela Johnny , Rocha Areli , Pérez Arizabaleta Mar
Published: December 2021

La Comisión de la Verdad en Colombia se estableció a partir del modelo de justicia transicional. Su función es servir como medida de reconocimiento de los hechos violentos durante el conflicto armado, que han dejado más de nueve millones de víctimas. En este marco, se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional (N=1166) con una muestra de 22 departamentos del país para evaluar el conocimiento, la aprobación y la efectividad percibida de los primeros años de la Comisión a partir de aspectos psicosociales: victimización, emociones colectivas, reconciliación, memoria colectiva. El 58% eran víctimas directas. Los resultados indican altos niveles de aprobación y de disposición a participar en las actividades de la Comisión, así como cierto escepticismo sobre su utilidad y una baja confianza en las disculpas oficiales de los grupos en conflicto. También se encuentra un alto índice de emociones positivas relacionadas con la comisión y una baja confianza en las instituciones gubernamentales. Lo encontrado en este estudio, coincide con experiencias previas de comisiones de la verdad en Latinoamérica, y abre el debate sobre las especificidades del contexto colombiano en la búsqueda de paz y las implicaciones del trabajo de la comisión en el proceso de reparación.
Factores académicos y cognitivo-afectivos como predictores de la intención de titularse con tesis en estudiantes de psicología
Authors: Capa-Luque Walter , Vallejos-Flores Miguel Ángel , Pardavé Livia Yovana , Mayorga-Falcon Luz Elizabeth , Bello-Vidal Catalina , Hervias Guerra Edmundo
Published: December 2021

Se examina un modelo predictor sobre la intención de titularse con tesis, a partir de factores académicos y cognitivo-afectivos, en una muestra de 198 estudiantes de primero a quinto año de psicología. El modelo estructural puesto a prueba mediante Path Analysis presentó un ajuste adecuado (CFI >.95 y RMSEA <.08), observándose que el engagement y la actitud hacia la estadística regulan de modo indirecto la intencionalidad de realizar una tesis, en tanto que la autoeficacia y las competencias metodológicas tienen efectos directos sobre la intencionalidad. Cuando se tiene adecuadas competencias metodológicas el pronóstico de realizar una tesis es 82.6%, en tanto que una actitud favorable hacia la estadística pronostica en 80.6% el interés de titularse con tesis.
Gerontological Studies on the Micrometry of Liver of Bakerwali Goat
Authors: Sethi Lovish , Suri Shalini , Sasan Jasvinder Singh
Published: December 2021

Background: Goat husbandry has been playing an important role in the economy of our country with special reference to milk, meat, manure and hide production. Bakerwali goat constitutes about 50% of the total goat population of J and K. The liver is an extremely important organ in the body of mammals performing numerous functions. The liver is much heavier in young animals than older animals as it atrophies with age. The present study has been planned to record the micrometrical data about the liver of Bakerwali goat during different age groups. Methods: Liver samples were collected from slaughter houses of Nagrota in and around Jammu city of UT of J and K during 2019-20. The samples were divided into young (below 1 year), adult (2-3 years) and senile (4 years and above) as per the dentition of the goats. Six samples from each age group were collected. The micrometrical observations were recorded on H and E stained sections with the help of an ocular micrometer duly calibrated with stage micrometer. Result: The capsule showed maximum thickness in adults followed by the young and senile age group. The maximum thickness of the capsule was seen at upper part of main lobe (UPOML) in the liver of young and adult whereas, in the senile group, the maximum thickness was seen at middle part of main lobe (MPOML). The diameter of the central vein showed the highest values in adults, followed by young and senile probably due to increased liver functions in adult. The mean values of length of hepatocytes ranged between 13.50 to 22.50 µm in all regions of the liver of irrespective of age groups. The mean values showed higher values in adult and senile age groups. The nuclear diameter of the hepatocytes ranged between 9.00 to 13.50 µm with mean values varying between 9.72±0.58 to 10.05±0.50 µm in all the three age groups. The maximum number of portal triads per field was seen at ventral part of main lobe (VPOML) in the senile group whereas the minimum number was observed at MPOML in the young group. In general, several portal triads per field were highest in the senile group followed by adult and young.
Residual Effects of Red Gram [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] on Growth, Yield and Quality of Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Devaraj G. Anjana , Isaac Sheeba Rebecca
Published: December 2021

Background: Bio-recycling of crop residues is contemplated as an environment friendly soil enrichment and conservation practice that sustains agricultural productivity in the long run. Legume residues are privileged by the unique nitrogen fixing capacity and rhizospheric properties that enhance soil fertility, thereby reducing the need for chemical nutrient inputs. The present study was conducted to evaluate the residual effect of red gram on fodder maize cultivated as succeeding crop in the southern laterites of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, India. Methods: The field experiment to assess the effect of red gram residue incorporation on the growth and yield of fodder maize was carried out in the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala during June - August 2019. Fodder maize (African tall) was sown in the plots after incorporation of crop residues of red gram varieties (APK 1 and Vamban (Rg) 3) grown under different planting geometry (40 cm x 20 cm and 60 cm x 30 cm) and NPK doses (40:80:40, 30:60:30 and 20:40:20 kg NPK ha-1) and compared with the package of practices recommendation and in randomized block design (RBD) replicated thrice. Result: Significantly higher quantities of red gram residues were realised and incorporated in the treatments involving a planting geometry of 40 cm x 20 cm and an NPK dose of 40:80:40 kg NPK ha-1 in both varieties used, Vamban (Rg) 3 and APK 1 (T7 and T1). Nutrient contents in the residues and decomposition in T1 and T7 resulted in the maximum additions in soil, available N, P and K status and dehydrogenase activity. Evaluation of the residual effects of the legume on fodder maize revealed the significantly highest growth and yields in maize raised with chemical fertilizers as per package recommendation and, among the residue incorporated treatments, maximum plant height and fodder yields were recorded in the treatment in which residues of Vamban (Rg) 3 raised at 40 cm x 20 cm spacing and fertilised with 40:80:40 kg NPK ha-1 were incorporated, on par with variety APK 1 raised under same management practice. The green fodder yield with residue incorporation was 80-90 per cent that under chemical fertilizer managed treatment. Among the quality parameters, crude protein (9.30%) was the highest with chemical fertilizer application while carbohydrate content (66.23%) was the lowest.
Análisis costo-beneficio del aprovechamiento y la recirculación de los residuos en un sistema productivo de cacao
Authors: Bonilla Montero Jeannina , Guzmán Hernández Tomás Jesús , Gutiérrez Castro Danny Jesús
Published: December 2021

Se realizó un análisis costo-beneficio de la inversión en un sistema sostenible de procesamiento y secado de grano de cacao para chocolate orgánico por medio de un horno híbrido diseñado por el ITCR y la construcción de un biodigestor familiar que produzca el volumen necesario para cubrir la demanda de biogás del horno y de la planta de manufactura, a partir de datos proporcionados por una empresa familiar productora de chocolate orgánico. Se estimaron los indicadores de rentabilidad convencionales para calificar la factibilidad de la inversión. La TIR se estimó en un 37,13%, cuya tasa es superior a los índices de rendimiento esperado en el sector, lo cual propicia la aplicación a posibles financiamientos para cubrir la inversión inicial. El VAN se estimó en ₡24 267 557,56 dando un retorno de 9,35% anual sobre la inversión inicial de ₡18 289 745,76 lo cual es rentable para las generaciones presentes (GP), y adicionalmente para las generaciones futuras (GF) se estimó un VAN por medio de la tasa de descuento hiperbólica y dio un valor de ₡40 983 896,51 con un retorno anual de 3,00% lo cual es rentable tanto para las GP y las GF.
Caracterización de cultivos neuronales de hipocampo murino como modelo de estudio de la señalización NRGs/ErbB4
Authors: Monge-Mora Luis Felipe , Soto Bernardini María Clara
Published: December 2021

Las neuregulinas (NRGs) son una familia de factores de crecimiento tipo epidérmico que actúan modulando diversas respuestas celulares a través de la interacción con receptores ErbBs. NRG1 y NRG2 son las principales en el Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC) y su principal receptor en el cerebro es el ErbB4. La señalización NRG1/ErbB4 ha sido involucrada en procesos relevantes para la formación y mantenimiento del SNC como migración de interneuronas, mielinización, neurotransmisión, y modulación de sinapsis, entre otras. Por otro lado, NRG2 también se une y activa a ErbB4. Sin embargo, la señalización NRG2/ErbB4 ha sido menos explorada. Existe evidencia de que alteraciones funcionales en estos módulos de señalización podrían provocar disfunciones en redes neuronales. Por lo tanto, contar con modelos in vitro para el estudio de estas proteínas, caracterizados en cuanto a la proporción de tipos de neuronas donde estas se expresan y a la expresión de sus genes, es de gran importancia. En el presente trabajo se determinó una proporción aproximada de 85% de neuronas glutamatérgicas y 15% de interneuronas GABAérgicas en cultivos primarios de neuronas de hipocampo de ratones C57BL/6 en día embrionario (E) 18, similar a lo que se ha reportado en el hipocampo in vivo. Además, se determinó que para el día in vitro (DIV) 7, los genes Nrg1 tipo III, Nrg2 y ErbB4 son expresados, siendo la expresión de Nrg1 tipo III mayor que Nrg2. Esto sugiere que los cultivos pueden ser utilizados como modelos in vitro válidos para el estudio de la señalización de las NRGs.
İncir (Ficus carica L.) Genotipleri Arasındaki Fenotipik Varyasyonun Kümeleme ve Temel Bileşen Analizi Metodu İle Belirlenmesi
Authors: DOĞAN Adnan , KURT Haydar , ÖZRENK Koray
Published: December 2021

İncir (Ficus carica L.), dünyada yaygın olarak yetiştirilen en eski kutsal meyvelerdendir. Güneydoğu Anadolu’nun, incir gen merkezi olarak özel bir yere sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu araştırmada, Siirt (Türkiye) yöresinde yetiştirilen incir (F. carica L.) genotiplerinin 21 kalitatif ve kantitatif özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile incir genotiplerinin fenotipik karakterizasyonu yapılmış olup, incelenen genotipler arasında yüksek düzeyde fenotipik çeşitlilik saptanmıştır. İncelenen özelliklerin çoğunun varyasyon katsayısı (VK) % 20.00’dan yüksek bulunmuş olup, parametrelerin VK değerleri % 10.79-62.78 aralığında değişkenlik göstermiştir. İrdelenen karakterlerin birbiriyle olan ilişki düzeyleri ile her bir faktörün incir meyvesini tanımlamadaki etki oranları belirlenmiştir. En yüksek kaliteye sahip genotiplerin; E-42, E-19, E-26, E-27, E-30 ve E-20 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Mevcut çalışmanın sonuçları, incir genetik kaynaklarının uygun bir şekilde yönetilmesi ve korunması bağlamında özgün bir değere sahiptir. Üzerinde çalışılan genotiplerin gelecekteki ıslah programları için önemli bir gen kaynağı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Gıda Ambalajlarındaki Etiket Bilgilerine ve Logolara Yönelik Tüketici Duyarlılığı: Samsun İli Örneği, Türkiye
Authors: KILIÇ Osman , AYDIN ERYILMAZ Gamze
Published: December 2021

Günümüzün değişen sosyo-ekonomik koşulları ve artan gıda kaynaklı rahatsızlıklar, toplumsal bilinçlenmeyi ve tüketicilerin gıda satın alırken daha duyarlı olmalarını sağlamaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, tüketicilerin gıda satın alma kararında önemli oranda etkisi olan ambalajlardaki etiket bilgilerine ve logolara yönelik tüketici duyarlılığının tespit edilmesidir. Araştırma materyalini, Samsun ili kentsel alanda ikamet eden 384 tüketiciyle yapılan anketlerden elde edilen veriler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçları; son kullanma tarihi (4.50), ambalaj dayanıklılığı (4.11) ve ürün adı (3.92) tüketicilerin gıda satın alırken en fazla dikkat ettikleri konular olduğunu göstermektedir. Tüketicilerin gıda ambalajı üzerindeki logolardan en fazla bildikleri; Türk Standardları Enstitüsü (TSE) (% 31.8), helal gıda (% 26.6) ve geri kazanılabilir ambalaj (% 25.3) olarak belirlenmiştir. Gıda ambalajlarındaki etiket bilgileri ve logolar, tüketicilerin satın alma kararlarında en kolay ulaşılabilir bilgilendirme araçlarıdır. Bu nedenle etiket bilgileri ve logolar, tüketicilerin geneli tarafından doğru anlaşılabilir nitelikte olmalıdır. Bu konuda tüketicilerin bilinçlendirilmesinde, günümüzde yaygın olarak kullanılan kitle iletişim araçlarından daha fazla yararlanılabilir. Ayrıca tüketiciler arasındaki geniş iletişim ağının sağladığı gücün dikkate alınması ve tüketici beklentilerine odaklı pazarlama anlayışının belirlenmesi, gıda üreticisi firmalara önemli rekabet üstünlüğü sağlayacaktır.
Cancer-directed surgery in malignant pleural mesothelioma: extrapleural pneumonectomy and pleurectomy/decortication
Authors: Housman Brian , Wolf Andrea S.
Published: December 2021

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a primary solid malignancy related to inhalational asbestos exposure. Despite advances in therapy, MPM remains challenging to treat with a post-treatment survival of only 15% at 5-year. In recent years, extra-pleural pneumonectomy has decreased in popularity due to a high morbidity rate and mortality compared to pleurectomy/decortication and other therapeutic alternatives. In this review, we will discuss both procedures, outcomes, ongoing studies, and the roles of surgery in the future treatment of this disease.
Dosimetric Characterization of Small Radiation Therapy Electron Beams Collimated by Tubular Applicators With the New Micro-Silicon Detector
Authors: Russo Serenella , Bettarini Silvia , Grilli Leonulli Barbara , Esposito Marco , Alpi Paolo , Ghirelli Alessandro , Barca Raffaella , Fondelli Simona , Paoletti Lisa , Pini Silvia , Scoccianti Silvia
Published: December 2021

High-energy small electron beams generated by linear accelerators are used for radiotherapy of localized superficial tumors. The aim of the present study is to assess the dosimetric performance under small radiation therapy electron beams of the novel PTW microSilicon detector by comparison with commercially available dosimeters. Relative dose measurements of circular fields with 20, 30, 40 and 50 mm aperture diameters were performed for 4 to 12 MeV energy range of electron beams generated by an Elekta Synergy linac. Percentage depth dose, transverse profiles and output factors normalized to the 10 × 10 cm2 reference field were measured. All dosimetric data were collected in a PTW MP3 motorized water phantom at SSD of 100cm by using the novel PTW microSilicon detector. The PTW diode E and the PTW microDiamond were also used in all beam aperture for benchmarking. Data for the biggest field size were also measured by the PTW Advanced Markus ionization chamber.Measurements performed by the microSilicon are in good agreement with the reference values for all the tubular applicators and beam energies, within the stated uncertainties. This confirms the reliability of the microSilicon detector for relative dosimetry of small radiation therapy electron beams collimated by tubular applicators.
Plant Economy in the Westernmost Territory of the Roman State Through Waste: The Wet Site of O Areal (Vigo, Spain)
Authors: Teira-Brión Andrés
Published: December 2021

The Roman economy of the Iberian Peninsula has habitually been characterised in terms of prestige goods and economic activities such as trade, mining and metallurgy. The analysis of plant-based foods –less prestigious but more essential in everyday life– has commonly been marginalised in state-of-the-art reviews. The O Areal saltworks is exceptional in terms of the large number of organic materials it preserves, and the excellent state of that preservation. After its abandonment (end of the 3rd/4th century AD), the saltworks was briefly used as a dumping ground for the surrounding area. The site's archaeobotanical remains, preserved under anoxic, waterlogged conditions, consist of the building materials used at the saltworks, tools and other artefacts, organic objects employed in activities such as fishing, and refuse. The assemblage suggests a wide diversity of species to have been introduced into northwestern Iberia during the Roman Period, including the mulberry, peach, fig, plum, grapevine, and melon. The notable presence of other edible fruit species that normally grew wild during this period, such as chestnut, walnut, stone pine, and cherry trees, might be related to the start of their cultivation.
Derkezlî’nin Hülâsatü’l-‘ucâle İsimli Eserinde Lahn ve Çağdaş Oryantalist Yaklaşımda Kur’an Tilâveti Konusu
Authors: KIZILASLAN İshak
Published: December 2021

Dilin oluşumu, dil, lügat ve lisân arasındaki irtibata dair hem filozoflar hem de filologlar farklı yaklaşımlar geliştirmişlerdir. Zira insan düşüncesini oluşturan temel unsur; kavramlardır. Bu kavramların oluşumu, onları ortaya çıkaran inanç dünyası ve kültürle doğrudan irtibatlıdır. Her topluluk, kendi karakterini açığa çıkaran kavramları ve dil yapısını korumayı gaye edinmiştir. Bunu başaran milletler, diğer topluluklar arasında saygınlıklarını daima muhafaza etmişlerdir. Bu çalışma, tecvîd ilminin eksen kavramlarından lahn meselesini Derkezlî’nin Hülâsatü’l-‘ucâle isimli eserini merkeze alarak incelemeyi hedeflemektedir. Her ne kadar bu kavram üzerinde çok çalışmalar yapılmış olsa da Derkezlî’nin konuların ele alınış tarzı ve ulaştığı sonuçlar açısından türünün diğer örneklerinden farklı bir üslûbu içeren eseri ilk defa incelenmektedir. Dolayısıyla kavram üzerinde oluşmuş olan yaklaşımlara genel çerçevesi ile bakış atmak bir mukayese imkânı vermesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmanın bir diğer önemli başlığı, modern/çağdaş oryantalist metinlerde Kur’an tilâvetinin ele alınış tarzının incelenmesidir. Oryantalist yaklaşım, tecvîd kurallarının belirlenmesini okuyuşta birliktelik sağlamaya yönelik bir çaba olarak görmektedir. Aynı zamanda siyâsî birliğin sağlanmasında bu tür ilmî çalışmaların önemli işlev gördüğünü iddia etmektedir. Özellikle çağdaş oryantalist çalışmalarda Endonezya gibi bazı nüfusu yoğun İslam ülkelerinde Kur’an tilâvetinin toplumda oluşturduğu etkiye dair incelemeler yapılmaktadır. Bu makalede, çağdaş oryantalist araştırmaların konunun kültürel ve toplumsal yansımalarına dair tahlilleri de incelenecektir.
Complications of the Early Neonatal Period in Children from Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Orazmuradov Agamurad , Bekbaeva Irina , Arakelyan Gayane , Minaeva Anastasia , Akhmatova Anastasiya , Haddad Khalid , Suleymanova1 Zhasmin , Kyrtikov Sergey , Zokirova Nozimabonu , Aleksey A. Lukaev Aleksey
Published: December 2021

Background: Changes in the course of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at the present stage determine the emergence of a certain spectrum of completely new problems associated with the health status of newborns from mothers with GDM. The aim of the study was to investigate early neonatal complications in newborns from mothers with GDM. Methods and Results: The study included 404 pregnant women (gestational age of 37.0–41.0 weeks) with GDM. All patients with GDM were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 188 patients receiving insulin therapy; Group 2 included 216 patients receiving a well-balanced diet. The control group (Group 3) consisted of 68 pregnant women without disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. In Group 1, macrosomia occurred in 44(23.4%) newborns, in Group 2 - in 48(22.0%) newborns; in newborns from mothers of the control group, the frequency of macrosomia was only in 7.35% of newborns (P=0.01). Morpho-functional immaturity of newborns had the highest frequency of occurrence, despite the fact that all children were born on time; 80(42.6%) newborns from mothers of Group 1 and 77(35.6%) newborns from mothers of Group 2 had signs of morpho-functional immaturity. Conclusion: Diabetic fetopathy in newborns from mothers with GDM is manifested by morpho-functional immaturity of organs and systems developing in unfavorable hyperglycemic conditions.
Modern Clinical and Epidemiological Features and New Technological Possibilities in the Treatment of Bleeding Gastroduodenal Ulcers
Authors: Barannikov Sergey , Cherednikov Evgeniy , Yuzefovich Igor S. Yuzefovich , Banin Igor , Polubkova Galina , Vysotskaya Anastasiya , Maleev Yuri , Ovsyannikov Evgeniy , Chernykh Aleksandr
Published: December 2021

The aim of this research was to study the current clinical and epidemiological features of ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding (GDB) and to evaluate the outcomes of using new technological approaches in patients with bleeding from acute (symptomatic) and chronic (peptic ulcer disease) gastroduodenal ulcers (GDUs). Methods and Results: The present study involved 221 patients with bleeding GDUs. Depending on the source of bleeding, all patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 143 patients with acute symptomatic GDUs; Group 2 consisted of 78 patients with peptic ulcer disease complicated by bleeding. In the complex treatment of patients of all the studied groups, an individual approach was used that included the innovative technologies of endoscopic cytoprotective treatment of GDB, based on the combined use of traditional means of EH in combination with the use of endoscopic pneumoinsufflation of biologically active drainage sorbent of a new generation Aseptisorb-D and powdered hemostatic Zhelplastan. Our analysis showed that acute symptomatic GDUs prevailed in the structure of GDB – 143(64.7%) patients; PUD complicated by bleeding was diagnosed in 78(35.3%) cases. The use of new technological approaches, including cytoprotective treatment of bleeding defects with biologically active draining sorbents of a new generation in combination with local hemostatics in the complex therapy of patients with ulcerative GDB, has significantly improved the results of treatment, which is confirmed by high rates of final hemostasis (95.0%), indicators of the effectiveness of primary EH in type FIA-IB (93.1%) and prevention of recurrence of FIIA-IIB bleeding (92.5%), with a low frequency of repeated bleeding (4.07%), emergency surgeries (2.7%), and mortality (3.2%). Conclusion: Currently, in the structure of ulcerative GDB, acute symptomatic GDUs are the most common – 64.7%, and the share of PUD complicated by bleeding accounts for 35.3% of cases only. PUD and GDUs complicated by bleeding have certain clinical and epidemiological features, which must be taken into account when treating these patients. Symptomatic GDUs are more difficult to treat, which shows the need to develop new complex technologies for their treatment.
The Possible Role of Herpesviruses in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Kotova Julia
Published: December 2021

Cardiovascular diseases are still the dominant cause of death worldwide. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease and the leading cause of death for both men and women. Coronary atherosclerosis underlies multiple clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to stable angina, acute coronary syndrome, MI, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. The prerequisites for a closer study of the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic process were the development of atherosclerotic vascular lesions at a younger age and the rapid progression of the process. Currently, it is generally accepted that CAD is a multifactorial disease. Attention is drawn to hereditary disorders of the receptor apparatus, endothelial dysfunction, and lipid metabolism disorders. In addition, latent viral infections are one of the etiopathogenetic factors in the development of atherosclerosis. A number of scientific studies have confirmed the relationship between infectious agents and the development of atherosclerotic vascular lesions. The viral etiology of the development and progression of atherosclerosis is the subject of debate among scientists around the world.
Physical Exercise and Falling among Older Patients with Diabetes: A Narrative Review
Authors: Abdelbasset Walid
Published: December 2021

Both diabetes mellitus (DM) and aging have an effect on gait behavior, balance, muscle performance, and other medical complications related to the development of diabetic neuropathy, hypoglycemia, hypotension, cognitive impairment, pain, disturbed proprioceptions, and polypharmacy. The main goal of the present review study was to identify risk variables for hypoglycemia-influenced falling in DM older people, to suggest protective interventions to reduce the occurrence and to explore the effect of physical exercise on falling among elderly individuals with DM. In July 2021, these keywords were used to search Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase: falling in elderly, DM complications, insulin, hypoglycemia, and physical exercise. Because falls are so common during activities, it is critical to figure out what elements influence balance and walking activity. Multi-medications, cognitive dysfunction, dementia, urinary incontinence, depression status, and hypoglycemia are just some of the issues that can affect the elements of controlling balance directly during motion. Others, such as multi-medications, cognitive dysfunction, dementia, urinary incontinence, depression status, and hypoglycemia, can affect balance control indirectly by disrupting posture mobility. Exercise training has been shown to increase body performance and reduce joint discomfort, as well as improve psychological status and quality of life, muscular strength and balance, lower the chance of falling, and improve overall health in the aged and older adults.
A Novel Approach for Near Wellbore Stimulation and Deposits Removal Utilizing Thermochemical Reaction
Authors: Alharith Abdullah , Albassam Sulaiman , Al-Zahrani Thamer
Published: December 2021

Organic and inorganic deposits play a major issue and concern in the wellbore of oil wells. This paper discusses the utilization of a new and novel approach utilizing a thermochemical recipe that shows a successful impact on both organic and inorganic deposits, as an elimination agent, and functions as stimulation fluid to improve the permeability of the near wellbore formation.

The new recipe consists of mixing nitrite salt with sulfamic acid in the wellbore at the target zone. The product of this reaction includes heat, acidic salt, and nitrogen gas. The heat of the reaction is enough to liquefy the organic deposits, and the acidic salt will tackle the carbonate scale in the tube and will increase the permeability of the near wellbore area. The nitrogen gas is an inert gas; it will not affect the reaction and will help to flow back the well after the treatment.

The experimental work shows an increment in the temperature by 65 °C when mixing the two chemicals. The test was conducted at room conditions and the temperature reached around 90 °C. Adding another 65 °C to the wellbore temperature is enough to melt asphaltene and wax, the acidic salt tackles carbonate scale. As a result, the mixture works on eliminating both the organic and inorganic deposits. The permeability of the limestone sample shows an increment of 65% when treated by the mixture of the reaction recipe.

The uniqueness of the new thermochemical recipe is the potential of performing three objectives at the same time; the heat of the reaction removes the organic deposits in the wellbore, the acidic salt tackles carbonate scale, and improves the permeability of the near wellbore zone.
Characterization of Oil Well Cement Performance during Early Hydration under Simulated Borehole Conditions
Authors: Li Z. , Vandenbossche J. M. , Iannacchione A. T. , Vuotto A.
Published: December 2021

Experiments on oil well cement (OWC) slurries were performed using the newly developed laboratory-scale wellbore simulation chamber (WSC). The WSC can simulate hydrostatic pressure reduction in the cemented annulus and possible gas migration under representative conditions. Forensic analysis shows that pressurized fluids can result in porous cement and gas channeling during cement slurry gelation. The effects of different factors on slurry pore pressure were also studied, including formation permeability, initial overburden pressure (OBP) representing the depth of interest, wellbore temperature, water/cement (w/c) ratio, cement composition, and the use of a calcium chloride (CaCl2)-based accelerator. By analyzing the temperature history of hydrating cement using degree of hydration, the evolution of cement hydration was characterized for slurry designs cured at different hydration rates. This provides the opportunity to parameterize the slurry designs and other important factors associated with wellbore conditions.
The PROactive Cohort Study: Rationale, Design, and Study Procedures
Authors: Vlist Merel. M Nap-van der , Hoefnagels Johanna W. , Dalmeijer Geertje W. , Moopen Neha , Ent van der Cornelis K. , Swart Joost F. , de Elise M. Putte van , Nijhof Sanne L.
Published: December 2021

Children with a chronic condition face more obstacles than their healthy peers, which may impact their physical, social-emotional, and cognitive development. The PROactive cohort study identifies children with a chronic disease at high risk of debilitating fatigue, decreased daily life participation and psychosocial problems, as well as children who are resilient and thrive despite the challenges of growing up with a chronic condition. Both groups will teach us how we can best support children, adolescents and parents to adapt to and manage a disease, as well as tailor interventions to their specific needs. This cohort follows a continuous longitudinal design. It is based at the Wilhelmina Children's Hospital (WKZ) in the Netherlands and has been running since December 2016. Children with a chronic condition (e.g. cystic fibrosis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, chronic kidney disease, or congenital heart disease) as well children with medically unexplained fatigue or pain in a broad age range (2-18 years) are included, as well as their parent(s). Data are collected from parents (of children between 2-18 years) and children (8-18 years), as well as data from their electronic health record (EHR). Primary outcome measures are fatigue, daily life participation, and psychosocial well-being, all assessed via patient- and proxy-reported outcome measures. Generic biological/lifestyle, psychological, and social factors were assessed using clinical assessment tools and questionnaires. In the PROactive cohort study the research assessment is an integrated part of clinical care. Children are included when they visit the outpatient clinic and are followed up annually.
Elderly´s Malnutrition, Processes/health Outcomes in Primary Health Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Taveira Adriana Sofia , Sousa Bárbara , Costa Patrício , Macedo Ana Paula
Published: December 2021

Objectives - The aim of this study, as the first review directed at Primary Health Care, is identifying screening/intervention tools/health outcomes that validate malnutrition in the elderly. Methods - Following PRISMA, searches were conducted in 4 electronic databases on observational, qualitative, quantitative, or mixed studies, written in Portuguese, Spanish or English language, with participants aged 65 years or older. Results - 483 studies were identified, 16 were considered eligible. The Mini Nutritional Assessment showed the highest criteria of choice, however, health systems do not demonstrate standardized practices in the screening´s use. Studies are more oriented towards the relationship´s analysis of mortality/morbidity and malnutrition than its effects on the person´s quality of life. Discussion - Malnutrition is one of the modifiable factors and contributes to the frail elderly condition, with serious effects, especially when related to other comorbidities. Yet, several authors argue that Primary Health Care intervention can improve health outcomes.
Phylogenetic Analysis And Searching Bovine Papillomaviruses In Teat Papillomatosis Cases In Cattle By Histopathological, Immunohistochemical And Transmission Electron Microscopy Methods
Authors: Yıldırım Yakup , Kale Mehmet , Özmen Özlem , Çağırgan Abdurrahman Anıl , Hasırcıoğlu Sibel , Küçük Ali , Usta Ayşegül , Sökel Sevinç
Published: December 2021

Papillomaviruses are epitheliotropic viruses causing proliferations in skin, mucosa and various internal organs in different animal species. Especially due to lesions it causes in teats of cattle, it leads to important economical losses in milk sector. In this study, the aim was to diagnose bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) causing teat papillomas in cattle by immunohistochemical, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular methods and to detect the defect on tissues by the virus using histopathological method. In addition to this, sequence analysis of the isolated field strains were to be carried out and their genetic and phylogenetic closeness with the strains within the literature were to be detected. After confirming teat papillomatosis in the collected samples using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods, other diagnosis methods were then used. During the TEM examination of teat lesions, intranuclear virus particles were seen in epithelium cells. After carrying out PCR using degenerate primers and type specific primers, 7 samples were detected as positive for BPV and these samples were used for typing using sequence analysis/PCR with type-specific primers. Within these analysis, three out of seven BPV isolates we collected from infected teat tissues of different cattle were detected as BPV-6, two as BPV-10, one as BPV-2 and one as BPV-8. Five isolates we isolated during sequence analysis of positive samples were found in Xipapillomavirus 1 genus, one in Epsilonpapillomavirus 1 genus and another in Deltapapillomavirus genus. As a result, in molecular diagnosis of BPV that takes place in etiology of teat papillomas, using type specific primers proved to be useful following the usage of genotyping in molecular diagnosis of BPV and generate primers in characterization. Detecting BPV types and their prevalence, taking biosafety measures in animal breeding and giving importance to vaccine studies was considered essential.
PTEBL Teaching Method Combined with Caesar (Trauma Patient Simulator) Versus Traditional Teaching Method in The Training of Outstanding Doctoral Candidates in STB Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chen Shuangyi , Li Jinfei , DiNenna Michael A. , Gao Chen , Chen Shijie , Wu Song , Tang Xiaohong , He Jinshen
Published: December 2021

Background: The “Stop The Bleed” (STB) campaign has achieved remarkable results since it launched in 2016, but there is no report on the application of a STB course combined with a trauma patient simulator. This study proposes the “problem-, team-, and evidence-based learning” (PTEBL) teaching method combined with Caesar (trauma patient simulator) based on the STB course, and compares its effect with the traditional teaching method in outstanding doctoral candidates training of hemostasis skills.Method: Seventy-eight outstanding doctoral candidates program students (five-years and eight-years) were selected as the research subjects and were randomly divided into a control group (traditional teaching method, n=34) and an experimental group (PTEBL teaching method combined with Caesar, n=44). Their confidence of hemostasis skills and willingness to rescue were investigated before and after the course in both groups.Result: Students’ self-confidence of STB skills and willingness to rescue in both groups were improved after the class. Compared with the control group, students in the experimental group were more confident in compressing with bandages and compressing with a tourniquet after a class (compressing with bandages: control group 3.9±0.8 vs. experimental group 4.3±0.7, P=0.014; compressing with a tourniquet: control group 3.9±0.4 vs. experimental group 4.5±0.8, P=0.001) More students in the experimental group than the control group thought that the use of Caesar for scenario simulation could improve learning (control group 55.9% vs. experimental group 81.8%, P=0.024), and showed higher teacher-student interaction (control group 85.3% vs. experimental group 97.7%, P=0.042) The overall effectiveness of the teaching was better in the experimental group than the control group (control group 85.3% vs. experimental group 97.7%, P=0.042). There was a significant positive correlation between teacher-students interaction and overall effectiveness of teaching (R=1.000; 95%CI, 1.000-1.000; P<0.001).Conclusion: The PTEBL teaching method combined with Caesar can effectively improve students' mastery of STB skills, and overcome the shortcomings of traditional teaching methods, which has a certain promotional value in the training of outstanding doctoral candidates in STB skills.
Histological Origin and Clinicopathological Analysis of Primary Ovarian Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Shi Yuxiang , Li Li , Fan Luyao , Huang Zheng , Xie Yonghui , Hongfeng Zhang
Published: December 2021

Purpose

To investigate the histological origin and clinical and pathological features of primary ovarian neuroendocrine neoplasms.
Methods

We retrospectively analyzed nine cases of ovarian neuroendocrine neoplasms diagnosed at our hospital from January 2009 to January 2021.
Results

The mean age of the nine patients was 44.9 ± 15.2 years (range, 28–68 years). Six cases manifested ovarian carcinoid cancer, and the pathological types were insular and trabecular carcinoid; microscopic observation showed that the carcinoid components were limited and that stromal reaction was slight. Four cases showed teratomas, with the carcinoid components not displaying adjacent mucinous glands; and the other cases exhibited carcinoid cancer as the only tumor component, without adjacent or migratory epithelial components. The six patients were followed up for 76.6 ± 41.2 (6–123) months after resection, without disease. Two cases manifested adenocarcinoma admixed with neuroendocrine carcinoma, and the intermigration of neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma components could be observed; and one case was an isolated small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with no epithelial proximity or migration observed. Adenocarcinoma admixed with neuroendocrine carcinoma and small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma exhibited an obviously promoted interstitial reaction and damaging infiltration: these three patients underwent radical surgery supplemented by postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and follow-up lasted 34.6 ± 24.2 (7–52) months; two patients died and one showed recurrence.
Conclusions

Ovarian neuroendocrine neoplasms may reflect multiple tissue origins, carcinoid and simple neuroendocrine neoplasms with no adjacent, transitional epithelium, and may originate from original/transformed neuroendocrine cells or stem cells of the ovarian stroma. In addition, the adenocarcinoma admixed with neuroendocrine carcinoma may originate from dedifferentiated epithelium. The prognosis with carcinoid cancer is favorable, while the prognosis for neuroendocrine carcinoma is poor.
Adsorption and Reduction from Modified Polypyrrole Enhance Electrokinetic Remediation of Hexavalent Chromium-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Wang Jiangyuan , Yu Qiu , Zheng Yi , Li Jing , Jiao Binquan , Li Dongwei
Published: December 2021

Heavy metal pollutant Cr(Ⅵ) in the environment will pose a severe threat to animal and human health. In this work, Fe3O4@PPy, Arg@PPy, and Arg/Fe3O4@PPy were prepared to enhance adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) by doping Fe3O4 nanoparticles and amino radicals into the original PPy structure. Their characteristics were investigated by FTIR, SEM, EDS, BET analysis, and batch adsorption experiments. And they were used as permeable reaction barriers (PRB) to combine with electrokinetic remediation (EKR) to remediate Cr-contaminated soil. Adsorption experiment results showed that the maximum adsorption capacities of PPy, Fe3O4@PPy, Arg@PPy, and Arg/Fe3O4@PPy for Cr(Ⅵ) were 60.43 mg/g, 67.12 mg/g, 159.86 mg/g, and 141.50 mg/g, respectively. All of them followed the kinetic pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir isothermal model with a monolayer adsorption behavior. In EKR/PRB system, the presence of Fe3O4@PPy, Arg@PPy, and Arg/Fe3O4@PPy obtained the higher Cr(Ⅵ) removal efficiency near the anode than that of the PPy, increasing by 74.60%, 26.04%, 68.64%, respectively. A strong electrostatic attraction between anion contaminants and protonated modified PPy and a reduction from Cr(Ⅵ) to Cr(Ⅲ) appeared in the EKR remediation process under acid conditions. This study opened up a prospect for applying modified PPy composites to treat heavy metal contaminated soil.
Contribution of Soil Physical Propreties in The Assessment of Flood Risks in Tropical Areas. Case of The Mbo Plain
Authors: FENGUIA Sylvie Noelle DJUKEM , Nkouathio David Guimolaire
Published: December 2021

Flooding occurs when water is in excess and can no longer be evacuated normally. The nature of the soil has been identified as one of the major causes of flooding, hence this study aimed is to show the influence of the physico-chemical properties of the soil on the recurrence of flooding in the Mbo plain. Four soil profiles were carried out on the alluviums according to the altitudes. These profiles were described and undisturbed soil samples were taken. Then, measurements of the infiltration rate of water in the soil by the Porchet method were carried out in sixteen sites. Finally, soil samples taken by auger and core sampling were studied in the laboratory. Physico-chemical parameters such as grain size, porosity, moisture, pH, compactness and organic matter were determined. Infiltration tests carried out in situ using the Porchet method revealed a hydraulic conductivity between 10−5 and 10−7 m/s, characteristic of a semi-permeable soil. This low value of permeability results from the morpho-structural arrangement and the chemical composition of the soils of the plain. These soils are hydromorphic, which means that they are constantly flooded and temporarily waterlogged. They are more or less sandy-clay on the surface, and very clayey at depth, generally from 25 cm. The very clayey soils at the base considerably slow down infiltration and act as a real barrier layer that prevents water from infiltrating, resulting to intense runoff. These soils are very porous and compact with a fairly high water content of up to 71%. This work allows us to conclude on the role of intrinsic soil properties on the genesis of floods in lowland areas. As in many plains in Africa and in the world, the nature of the soil in the Mbo plain is a natural predisposing factor to flood risks. The methods used can be applied in areas with the same characteristics as the Mbo Plain.
Lactic Acid Metabolism And Transporter Related Three Genes Predict The Prognosis of Patients With Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Guo Tuanjie , Zhang Jian , Wang Tao , Yuan Zhihao , Tang Heting , Zhang Dongliang , Zhang Encheng , Chen Siteng , Wang Xiang
Published: December 2021

Background: Lactic acid was previously considered a waste product of glycolysis, and has now become a key metabolite for cancer development, maintenance and metastasis. So far, numerous studies have confirmed that tumor lactic acid levels are associated with increased metastasis, tumor recurrence and poor prognosis. However, the prognostic value of lactic acid metabolism and transporter related genes in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma has not been explored.Results: We selected lactic acid metabolism and transporter related twenty-one genes for LASSO cox regression analysis in the E-MTAB-1980 cohort, and finally screened three genes (PNKD, SLC16A8, SLC5A8) to construct a clinical prognostic model for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Based on the prognostic model we constructed, the over survival (hazard ratio = 4.117, 95% CI: 1.810 - 9.362, p < 0.0001) of patients in the high-risk group and the low-risk group in the training set E-MTAB-1980 cohort had significant differences, and similar results (hazard ratio = 1.909, 95% CI: 1.414 - 2.579 p < 0.0001) were also observed in the validation set TGCA cohort. Subsequently, survival prediction was carried out based on the survival prognosis model we constructed. In the E-MTAB-1980 cohort, the area under ROC curve (AUC) of 1-, 3- and 5- years was 0.71, 0.72, and 0.77, respectively. The AUC of 1-, 3- and 5- years in TCGA cohort was 0.65, 0.65, and 0.63, respectively. Using CIBERSORT algorithm to analyze the differences in immune cell infiltration in different risk groups, we found that dendritic cells and CD4+ memory cells in the high-risk group were significantly lower than those in the low-risk group, while Treg cells were higher than in the low-risk group. Finally, through gene enrichment analysis, we found that the signal pathway that is strongly related to the prognostic model is the cell cycle. Conclusions: We constructed a prognostic model using lactic acid metabolism and transporter related genes, which can accurately predict the prognosis of patients. The poor prognosis of the high-risk group may be related to the regulation of cell cycle by lactic acid metabolism.
High PON1 Expression Predicts Poor Prognosis In Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Chenxia , Zhang Xinyu , Li Xiaoyan , Li Jia , Huang Hua
Published: December 2021

Background: Relevant study had demonstrated that Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) had relationship with occurrence and development of tumors which suggested that PON1 was a key gene in promoting tumor progression. However, the relationship between PON1 and Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is still unclear so far. Methods: We downloaded relevant data about KIRC from TCGA dataset and compared it with normal renal tissues. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to analyze the expression of PON1. Univariate cox regression analysis and multivariate cox regression analysis were also utilized to analyze independent factors associated with prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted to find the signaling pathways of PON1 in KIRC. Finally, we also investigated whether PON1 had relationship with immunity. Results: As shown in results, PON1 expression was decreased in KIRC compared with adjacent paracancer tissues. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was utilized to find the expression of PON1. After survival analysis, the high expression of PON1 was significantly related to overall survival (P<0.001). Univariate/Multivariate cox regression analysis both revealed that PON1 could serve as an independent prognostic factor. To analyze overall survival (OS) of patients with KIRC, nomogram was developed. GSEA revealed that PON1 was correlated with homologous recombination. Besides, PON1 had few relationships with immunity. Conclusions: Our results revealed that PON1 could serve as an independent prognostic factor for KIRC, providing a novel target for KIRC future treatments.