bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A culturally sensitive educational intervention to improve the acceptance and sustained use of safer cooking stoves in the Guatemalan highlands
Authors: Nagib Nancy , Chen Ruisu , Noriega Juan Pablo , Turner Randell , Kashyap Rahul
Published: April 2023

This study introduces a culturally sensitive educational intervention to households that use open-fire cooking methods in order to improve the acceptance and sustained use of a safer cooking stove. A wood-burning stove with a closed firebox was introduced in two villages in the highlands of Guatemala. Usage rates were measured over a seven-month period after the stoves were built. Although higher initial acceptance rates were seen in the village that received the educational intervention, households in both villages showed acceptance and sustained usage rates of the stoves. This finding supports the premise that culturally sensitive educational interventions as well as community-based programmes lead to higher acceptance of initiatives, and news of these improvements spreads through culturally accepted routes.
“The People Who Leave Here Are Not the People Who Arrived.”: A Qualitative Analysis of the Therapeutic Process and Identity Transition in the Offender Personality Disorder Pathway
Authors: Blagden Nicholas , Evans Jacquie , Gould Lloyd , Murphy Naomi , Hamilton Laura , Tolley Chloe , Wardle Kyra
Published: April 2023

Individuals with personality disorder are often construed as difficult to treat, and sometimes even “untreatable.” In this study, 24 men who had completed treatment on the offender personality disorder treatment pathway participated in focus groups at a high-security prison in the United Kingdom. The results of the data analysis revealed three superordinate themes that captured the impact and experience of the therapeutic process. The three themes were “A self-reconstructed,” which focused on the reconstruing and reconstructions of participants’ identity and how intervention assisted with a coherent narrative of self. The second superordinate theme, “Relational resilience and dealing with abandonment,” relates to the attachment to therapists and the negotiation of relational boundaries and resilience. The third theme, “Reimagining and re-experiencing trauma,” focuses on participants’ exploration and reliving of trauma, and how group processes allowed for shared understanding and a reconstruing of their trauma. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Conditions of well-posedness for planar conewise linear systems
Authors: Namdar Daniyal , Özgüler Arif Bülent
Published: April 2023

A planar (2D) conewise linear system (CLS) is considered. This is a piecewise linear system of two states and multiple modes, where each mode is linear with its state-space constrained into a polyhedral, finitely generated, convex cone. It is allowed to have a discontinuous vector field and sliding modes. Alternative conditions for well-posedness of Caratheodory solutions of this system that have intuitive interpretations with respect to eigenvectors and cone-boundary vectors are derived. It is also shown that a well-known condition for well-posedness of bimodal systems also applies to two adjacent modes of this system without any change.
Development of sensitivity to beat gesture and contrastive accenting in support of word learning in early childhood in boys and girls
Authors: Morett Laura M. , Nelson Cailee M. , Hughes-Berheim Sarah S. , Scofield Jason
Published: April 2023

This research investigated whether observing beat gesture and hearing contrastive accenting with novel words enhances their learning in early childhood and whether these effects differ by sex in light of sex differences in the pace of language development. Fifty-three 3- to 5-year-old boys and girls learned pairs of novel words with contrasting referents with beat gesture, contrastive accenting, both, or neither. Knowledge of these words was then tested via a referent identification task. Novel word learning did not differ by beat gesture or contrastive accenting, nor did use of these cues to support word learning differ by age. However, 3-year-old boys were better able to identify the referents of novel words learned with rather than without beat gesture, and boys’ ability to identify the referents of novel words learned without beat gesture improved from ages 3 to 5 years. By contrast, no such effects of beat gesture on novel word learning by age were observed for girls. These results suggest that, for 3-year-old boys, beat gesture may compensate for difficulty deducing contrast from speech alone, and that their reliance on beat gesture as a cue to contrast decreases as their ability to deduce contrast from speech improves during early childhood. Thus, beat gesture may serve as a visual cue to contrast that scaffolds young children’s learning of words with contrasting meanings by supplementing the use of cues to contrast conveyed via speech.
Salivary Duct Carcinoma Originated from the Inferior Turbinate: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Wu Ying-Jie , Xiong Jian , Xiao Gui-Xiang , Tian Yuan , Yue Jian-Xin , Cheng Qing , Wang Miao , Zhou Liu-Qing , Zhou Tao
Published: April 2023

Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an uncommon but highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. SDC mainly arises from the major salivary glands, typically the parotid gland. Here, we report a rare case of sinonasal SDC in a 54-year-old male patient that might have originated from the inferior turbinate. The patient presented with left nasal congestion and rhinorrhea. Following an endoscopic intervention, the histopathological examination revealed a diagnosis of SDC, characterized by the formation of solid cancer nests and central comedo-type necrosis. Given the highly aggressive nature and unfavorable prognosis of SDC, it is essential to consider it as a differential diagnosis for unilateral nasal tumors.
Are You Satisfied? Examining Positive Interaction and Satisfaction in Romantic Relationships
Authors: Vasquez Taylor S. , Moss Chelsea , Harris Victor , Visconti Brian
Published: April 2023

Relationship satisfaction has consistently been associated with numerous important intrapersonal, interpersonal, and familial outcomes. In accordance with affection exchange theory, positive interaction between romantic partners should contribute to greater relationship satisfaction. However, what is less understood is the specific theoretical mechanism through which this process might occur. This study’s findings reveal that affectionate communication (given and received) positively predicted relationship satisfaction indirectly via the serial mediation of partner commitment and couple quality. This model was tested using a sample of participants of the ELEVATE relationship education program ( N = 2235). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, including a call for further exploration of other theoretical pathways that may impact relationship education program evaluation.
Defibrillator electrode placement in the pleural cavity for a child
Authors: Maeda Toshi , Yoshizawa Kosuke , Watanabe Kentaro , Mori Otohime , Toyota Naoki
Published: April 2023

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators are implanted in children to prevent sudden death due to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Transvenous electrode placement is difficult for children because of the small vessel size. Especially, defibrillator electrode placement requires other innovative techniques. We successfully implanted a defibrillator electrode in the pleural cavity using a thoracoscopic approach for a 4-year-old child with sodium channelopathy.
The short-term influences of paediatric smartphone use on the eye
Authors: Cavdar Ercument , Bilgin Sinan , Cetin Ogulcan
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the effect of smartphone use on the eye. Twenty-two children, aged 8-16 years, participated in this study. A self-administered questionnaire about smartphone usage time, outdoor activities, and sleep time to obtain dry eye was applied to the child and parents. An ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear break-up time (TBUT), blink time, autorefractometer, optical biometry, accommodation, contrast sensitivity, and optical coherence tomography tests were applied before a 5-min video watching, and during the video session we counted the complete -incomplete blinks. After video watching, we did the tests. After the tests, we again applied a 5-min video watching and after the video we tested all the parameters again, and finally, following a 5-min resting period, we tested the parameters again. We found no difference between the groups in terms of OSDI scores. Children with punctate epithelial erosions and time spent on the phone have a statistical relation. TBUT also differs statistically before and after test periods ( p = .014), since complete blinks did not differ but incomplete blinks differed before and after video watching. The nearpoint of convergence also differs after video watching ( p = .008) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) decreases even after the short-time video watching period. On the contrary, we did not find any effect of short-time smartphone watching on auto-keratometer values and retinal-choroidal thickness. This is the first comprehensive study on the short-term effects of smartphone on the paediatric age group. Even 10 min of smartphone can have an effect on TBUT, incomplete blinks, nearpoint of convergence break-recovery, and ACD. During this coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, we must be mindful of the time our children spend on the phone and keep in mind that even 10 min can have ocular effects.
Uterine artery embolization for postpartum hemorrhage with placenta accreta spectrum
Authors: Jeon Go Un , Jeon Gyeong Sik , Kim Young Ran , Ahn Eun Hee , Jung Sang Hee
Published: April 2023

Background

The reported success rate of uterine artery embolization (UAE) for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) differs by the cause of bleeding; in some reports, UAE shows less successful results in patients with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).

Purpose

To evaluate the outcome of UAE for treating PPH associated with PAS.

Material and Methods

From September 2011 to September 2021, 227 patients (mean age = 34.67±4.06 years; age range = 19–47 years) underwent UAE for managing intractable PPH. Patients were divided into two groups: those with PAS (n = 46) and those without PAS (n = 181). Delivery details, embolization details, and procedure-related outcomes were compared between the two groups. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

The technical success rate was 96.9% (n = 222) and the clinical success rate was 93.8% (n = 215). There were no significant differences in outcome of UAE between the two patient groups. The technical success rate was 95.7% (n = 44) in patients with PAS and 98.3% (n = 178) in patients without PAS ( P = 0.267). The clinical success rate was 91.3% (n = 42) in patients with PAS and 95.6% (n = 173) in patients without PAS ( P = 0.269). There were 24 cases of immediate complications, including pelvic pain (n = 20), urticaria (n = 3), and puncture site hematoma (n = 1). No major complication was reported.

Conclusion

UAE is a safe and effective method to control intractable PPH for patients with or without PAS.
Impact of Old Age on an Occupation’s Image Over 210 Years: An Age Premium for Doctors, Lawyers, and Soldiers
Authors: Ng Reuben , Indran Nicole
Published: April 2023

As older adults continue to contribute to the labor force, it is critical that perceptions of them reflect these contributions. We explore whether portraying older adults based on their occupational roles instead of their age is linked to more positive sentiments and test the possibility of an age premium. We created the largest historical corpus of American English—a 600-million-word dataset with over 150,000 texts—spanning 210 years (1810–2019). Top descriptors ( N = 675,213) of nouns related to age, occupation, and age × occupation over 21 decades were compiled and rated for valence (negative-positive) on a 5-point scale. Occupational role-based framing was associated with more positive portrayals than age-based framing. Positive portrayals of older lawyers increased by 22.6% over 210 years. Older doctors (−1.4%) and older soldiers (−10.7%) experienced a decline in positive portrayals, though sentiments toward older doctors, lawyers, and soldiers remained more positive than those toward older adults.
A Minimally Invasive, Outpatient, Office Procedure for Severe Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women: Luksenburg Systems LSG3
Authors: Luksenburg Ariel , Barcia Juan J. , Gaviria Jorge , Sergio Roberto , Palacios Santiago , Pelosi Marco A. , Pelosi Marco A.
Published: April 2023

The worldwide prevalence of female urinary incontinence (UI) is reported at 55%, and about 27% of UIs are severe. The complications in cases of severe UI treated surgically and the ineffective or incomplete results of prolonged treatments with thermal energies motivated us to develop an innovative treatment. Our hypothesis was based on correcting the descent and/or urethral hypermotility and repositioning the descended bladder urethral junction. We have designed a system for the development of a dense and resistant fibrosis that supports the urethra and can correct the alterations of severe UI, Luksenburg systems procedure, LSG3. A group of 652 women between the age of 46 and 74 years, post-menopausal, with more than 2 vaginal births and severe UI, documented by the clinical presentation and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) score index, were enrolled. Originally developed polycaprolactone threads were placed in suburethral space using specific designed tools (LSG3). Immediate results—24 hours (P < .05): 469 patients without clinical UI (72% efficacy), 122 patients with grade 1 UI (drops) (18% improvement), and 59 patients with grade 3 UI (unchanged 9%). Thirty-day results (P < .05): 560 patients without UI (86% efficacy), 58 patients with grade 1 UI (drops) (9% improvement), and 34 patients with grade 3 UI (unchanged 5%). Fifteen-month results (P < .05): 542 patients without UI (83%), 74 patients with grade 1 UI (drops) (11%), and 36 patients with grade 3 UI (6%). No complications or secondary effects were found after the procedure in the 15 months of follow-up. We have developed an innovative system called “suburethral spider web” to treat and cure severe (grade 3) UI in office, as outpatient, that is effective, safe, and cheap.
Misogyny in election discourse: Analysing the 2019 General Elections in India
Authors: Vincent Aparna , Kumari Ria
Published: April 2023

This article examines misogynist comments on women politicians as part of the campaign discourse for the 2019 General Elections in India. The objective is to understand and critically examine the broad patterns of misogynist discourse during election times and the socio-cognitive interface that enables such misogyny. Using a Critical-Feminist-Socio-Cognitive-Discourse Analysis, which combines Lazar’s Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis and Van Dijk’s Socio-Cognitive Approach, we analyse the explicit stating and implied underpinnings of 22 misogynist comments and identify 4 broad patterns and 8 sub-patterns. We argue that, while sharing similarities with global patterns and stereotypes of misogyny, election misogyny in India originates in socio-cognitive and cultural tropes unique to its patriarchal society. When reproduced in misogynist verbal attacks directed at female politicians, these historically rooted misogynist tropes further reinforce the dominant patriarchal culture and add to the attempts to delegitimize Indian women’s political representation and agency.
Interoperability and governance in the European Health Data Space regulation
Authors: Terzis Petros , Santamaria Echeverria (Enrique) OE
Published: April 2023

The proposal for a regulation on the European Health Data Space (EHDS) is a much-awaited project. It aspires to create a harmonised framework – a common European data space – for the administration of health data (primary use) across Member States and the promotion of healthcare research and innovation (by establishing rules for the secondary use of health data). As such, although the EHDS proposal is a legal document, in its essence, it includes provisions that introduce not only legal, but also institutional, and technical-infrastructural changes. Overall, together with the Regulation 2017/745 on medical devices, the Data Governance Act (DGA), the Data Act, the AI Act, and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the EHDS proposal will complete the regulatory canvas for the use of health data in the European Union. Although we are supportive of the EHDS initiative, there are aspects of the proposal that require further debate, reconsideration, and amendments. Following previous work on potential power asymmetries encapsulated in the Proposal, in this commentary, we focus on the provisions of/for interoperability of the Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems (Ar. 14–32) as well as the provisions on the structure of Health Data Access bodies and their cross-border organisation (section 3). We recommend a series of amendments to orientate the EHDS project better to its constitutive goals: the promotion of public health research and respect for the rights of the individuals.
Human rights and foetal impairment grounds for abortion: Crowter v Secretary of State for Health and Social Care [2022] EWCA Civ 1559
Authors: Tongue Zoe Louise
Published: April 2023

This commentary discusses the Court of Appeal’s decision in Crowter v Secretary of State for Health and Social Care handed down on 25 November 2022. The appellants argued that s.1(1)(d) of the Abortion Act 1967, the foetal impairment ground for abortion, was incompatible with Articles 8 and 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights for perpetuating discriminatory attitudes towards people with disabilities. The appeal was unsuccessful. In rejecting their argument, the Court of Appeal considered European and international human rights standards on discrimination, and distinguished between the direct and social impacts of discrimination. This commentary will engage with these arguments, and situate the decision within the broader context of recent changes to abortion laws in the United Kingdom and worldwide.
Parameter identification for a model for multi-functional materials with hysteresis and thermodynamic compatibility
Authors: Hossain Md Sakhawat , Iyer Ram , Clemente Carmine Stefano , Davino Daniele , Visone Ciro
Published: April 2023

Multifunctional materials have tremendous potential for engineering applications as they are able to convert mechanical to electromagnetic energy and vice-versa. One of the features of this class of materials is that they show significant hysteresis, which needs to be modeled correctly in order to maximize their application potential. A method of modeling multifunctional materials that exhibit the phenomenon of hysteresis and is compatible with the laws of thermodynamics was developed recently. The model is based on the Preisach hysteresis operator and its storage function and may be interpreted as a two-input, two-output neural net with elementary hysteresis operators as the neurons. The difficulty is that the parameters in the model appear in a non-linear fashion, and there are several constraints that must be satisfied by the parameters for thermodynamic compatibility. In this article, we present a novel methodology that uses the rate-independent memory evolution properties of the Preisach operator to split the parameter estimation problem into three numerically well-conditioned, linear least squares problems with constraints. The alternative direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm and accelerated proximal gradient method are used to compute the Preisach weights. Numerical results are presented over data collected from experiments on a Galfenol sample. We show that the model is able to fit not only experimental data for strain and magnetization over a wide range of magnetic fields and stress but also able to predict the response for stress and magnetic fields not used in the parameter estimation.
Hospice Capacity to Provide General Inpatient Care: Emergency Department Utilization and Live Discharge Among Cancer Patients
Authors: Chung Kyusuk , Hughes M. Courtney , Koushkaki Sara Rahmanian , Risberg Mia Richelle , Alcantara Michelle , Amico Jennifer M
Published: April 2023

General inpatient (GIP) hospice care is used only minimally for hospice patients, and more than a quarter of Medicare hospice facilities do not provide GIP care. To determine the impact of hospices’ capacity to provide on emergency department use during hospice enrollment and live discharge from hospice, we used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked data and CMS Provider of Services data from 2007 to 2013 from ten states and two metropolitan regions. Grouping hospices into three GIP care provision categories: 1) no-GIP; 2) GIP-contract; and 3) GIP-IHF where hospices directly provide GIP care in their own inpatient hospice facility (IHF), we built a multilevel logistic model that accounted for unobserved hospice characteristics. Nearly 9% of the study sample received GIP care, of which 82% received such care in the last week of discharge. GIP-IHF hospices had lower live discharge rates than no-GIP hospices (AOR: .61; 95% CI: .47-.79; P < .001) and GIP-contract hospices (AOR: .84; 95% CI: .70-1.00; P < .05). Similarly, GIP-contract hospices were also associated with a decreased risk of live discharge, compared to no-GIP hospices (AOR: .76; CI: .62-.92; P < .05). There was no difference in emergency department use between no-GIP hospices and hospices with such capacity. Our results suggest that hospices capable of providing GIP care have lower live discharge rates than their counterparts. However, the fact that GIP care tends to be provided too close to death limits its effectiveness in preventing avoidable emergency department use
Autologous Tooth Transplantation in Craniofacial Malformations
Authors: Naros Andreas , Schulz Matthias , Finke Hannah , Reinert Siegmar , Krimmel Michael
Published: April 2023

Objective

To evaluate the applicability of transplanted teeth in young patients with craniofacial anomalies

Design

Observational study

Setting

Comprehensive Centre for Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Malformations

Patients/Participants

Patients with craniofacial anomalies who underwent tooth transplantation. Only children with complete clinical and radiological documentation and a follow-up period of at least 1.5 years were included.

Interventions

Tooth transplantation

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Retrospective evaluation of clinical records, pre- and postoperative radiographs, and operative charts. Clinical characteristics of patients, preoperative parameters and postoperative outcome parameters were collected.

Results

A total of 17 patients with 23 tooth transplantations were included. The median follow-up period was 6.7 years. The pooled survival and success rates were 91%. Notably, one out of two teeth that were transplanted into the bone grafted alveolar cleft site had to be extracted, which might indicating a higher risk for this procedure. In total, two transplanted teeth had to be extracted during the follow-up period, one due to external resorption and the other one due to perio-endo lesion. One patient needed endodontic treatment due to pulp necrosis.

Conclusion

We consider tooth transplantation to be a reliable and suitable procedure in the dental rehabilitation of young patients with craniofacial anomalies and fitting concomitant circumstances. We encourage craniofacial teams to reconsider this option more frequently in appropriate cases.
Segregation and “Out-of-Placeness”: The Direct Effect of Neighborhood Racial Composition on Police Stops
Authors: Schenker Laura , Sylvan David , Arcand Jean-Louis , Bhavnani Ravi
Published: April 2023

Differential police conduct may be attributed both to residential racial segregation and more general discriminatory attitudes and policies. We draw upon ethnographic and other studies of everyday policing to propose that police, in the context of racially segregated neighborhoods, intensively surveil individuals who are “out of place” in terms of their race and the local geographical context in which they are found. We then use statistical evidence from the New York City Police Department to compare stops in different neighborhoods. We find that the NYPD indeed carries out “stops” that differentially target African Americans and Hispanics present in predominantly white precincts, with the degree of surveillance increasing as precincts become more white, and as stops become more generic and less about specific, identifiable crimes.
Infertility Among Counselor Education and Supervision Doctoral Students: Expectations, Experiences, and Knowledge
Authors: Ansell Andrew , Tadros Eman
Published: April 2023

Females are disproportionately affected by infertility, and Counselor Education and Supervision (CES) doctoral students are predominantly female. Using phenomenological approach female CES doctoral students with infertility diagnoses were interviewed. Six themes emerged from the interviews: younger is better for conception; familial and societal messages; infertility knowledge; triggers; academics and infertility; something wrong with me, regret, and others don’t understand. Clinical implications and future directions are provided to promote social justice by bringing awareness and amplifying the voices of people suffering from a disability and a disease that is rarely recognized as either.
UAV-based operational modal analysis method using improved homography-based perspective rectification method
Authors: Luo Jun , Tang Kaisen , Hu Yuan , Zhong Yongli , Liu Xinpeng , Yan Zhitao
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a new dynamic photogrammetry method using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is proposed and the UAV-based operational modal analysis method is established. The presented dynamic photogrammetry method can measure the dynamic displacements of structure using one or two cameras. However, it is difficult to use fixed cameras or handheld cameras to measure the dynamic responses for some outdoor structures, because it is hard to reach for measurement or maintenance sometimes. Therefore, UAV is an effective alternative and the homography-based perspective rectification method can be used to correct the UAV images. However, the presented methods use only four calibration points. Additionally, there is still obvious signal drift in the extracted dynamic responses. In this paper, a new time varying homography matrix, calculated using n calibration points, is proposed here for the first time to correct the perspective distortion for image at different time and the relative displacements are used to eliminate the influence of UAV in-plane motion. The influence analysis of UAV vibration and the method to eliminate the UAV vibration are the novelty of this paper. And then, the UAV-based operational modal analysis method is proposed. The proposed method is verified using a plane frame structure in laboratory. The results show that the proposed method can effectively eliminate the vibration of UAV and identify the structural modal parameters. Under the impulse excitation and white noise excitation, when the calibration points n is larger than 60, the relative errors of natural frequency and damping ratio are less than 0.4% and 5.45%, respectively. And the MAC values are all greater than 0.99. Meanwhile, the influence of the number of adopted calibration points on modal parameters identification is considered in the experiment and the advised value is given.
Exploring Trauma Literacy Quotient Among Indian Journalists and a Way Forward in Post-Pandemic Era: A Case Study of India
Authors: Shilpa K. , Kumari A. , Das M. M. , Sharma Tanushree , Biswal S. K.
Published: April 2023

The American Psychological Association defines trauma as “an emotional response to a terrible event. . . .” Trauma can be experienced as a response to either physical or emotionally disturbing circumstances. The Journalism and the Pandemic Project from the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ) and the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia University, in their global survey of journalists, have studied the impact of the pandemic on journalists across the globe. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused varying degrees of disruptions in the personal and professional lives of journalists. Traumatic experiences like covering traumatic events up close, COVID-induced health issues, job loss, pay cuts, and insecurity at the workplace have consumed journalists like never before. Overwhelming emotions like shock, helplessness, loneliness, depression, and anxiety are some of the reactions observed by mental health experts. Indian journalists, too, like their counterparts across the globe, have had to take on the challenges posed by this unprecedented crisis. This article intends to study the impact of the pandemic on Indian journalists both from physical and emotional perspectives. The objectives of the study include—(a) to analyze the journalists’ response to traumatic experiences during the pandemic, (b) to study the nature of trauma experienced by journalists during the pandemic, (c) to analyze how traumatic experiences affected the journalists, and (d) to explore and analyze how journalists managed to cope with the traumatic experiences. The study adopts social cognitive theory (SCT) as the framework. SCT comprises four goal realization processes: self-observation, self-evaluation, self-reaction, and self-efficacy. The four components are interrelated, and all influence motivation and goal attainment. Social cognition includes diverse processes linking the perception of social information with a behavioral response, including perception, attention, decision-making, memory, and emotion. The post-traumatic reactions include re-experiencing the traumatic event in flashbacks, recurrent nightmares, and intrusive memories, hypervigilant arousal, impaired concentration, depression, sleep disturbances, self-devaluation, avoidance of reminders of traumatic experiences, emotional detachment from others, and disengagement from aspects of life that provide meaning and self-fulfillment, which impair intrapersonal, interpersonal, and occupational functioning. The scope of the study covers the journalists’ responses to traumatic experiences specific to the pandemic. The study adopts a mixed research method with a thematic analysis of the qualitative data from interviews of journalists followed by a factor analysis of the quantitative data from the survey of the journalists.
Telepresence for surgical assistance and training using eXtended reality during and after pandemic periods
Authors: Wisotzky Eric L , Rosenthal Jean-Claude , Meij Senna , van den Dobblesteen John , Arens Philipp , Hilsmann Anna , Eisert Peter , Uecker Florian Cornelius , Schneider Armin
Published: April 2023

Existing challenges in surgical education (See one, do one, teach one) as well as the COVID-19 pandemic make it necessary to develop new ways for surgical training. Therefore, this work describes the implementation of a scalable remote solution called “TeleSTAR” using immersive, interactive and augmented reality elements which enhances surgical training in the operating room. The system uses a full digital surgical microscope in the context of Ear–Nose–Throat surgery. The microscope is equipped with a modular software augmented reality interface consisting an interactive annotation mode to mark anatomical landmarks using a touch device, an experimental intraoperative image-based stereo-spectral algorithm unit to measure anatomical details and highlight tissue characteristics. The new educational tool was evaluated and tested during the broadcast of three live XR-based three-dimensional cochlear implant surgeries. The system was able to scale to five different remote locations in parallel with low latency and offering a separate two-dimensional YouTube stream with a higher latency. In total more than 150 persons were trained including healthcare professionals, biomedical engineers and medical students.
Clinical outcomes of chronic limb-threatening ischemia due to inflammatory nonatherosclerotic versus atherosclerotic etiologies undergoing revascularization
Authors: Iida Osamu , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Kodama Akio , Yamaoka Terutoshi , Soga Yoshimitsu , Mano Toshiaki
Published: April 2023

Background:

The scope of clinical guidelines for the management of chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is limited to atherosclerotic disease of the lower-extremity arteries. This study aimed to reveal the clinical features and prognoses of CLTI due to inflammatory nonatherosclerotic etiologies undergoing revascularization.

Methods:

DECOPON (DatabasE of ChrOnic limb-threatening ischemia Presenting ischemic ulcer and gangrene due to nON-atherosclerotic disease) is a multicenter retrospective study that evaluated 465 limbs of 414 patients with CLTI undergoing revascularization for ischemic tissue loss with inflammatory nonatherosclerotic etiologies between 2010 and 2020. Clinical features and prognoses were compared with 930 limbs of 809 patients with atherosclerotic CLTI during the same period.

Results:

The frequency of conventional atherosclerotic risk factors was significantly lower in the inflammatory nonatherosclerotic group. The inflammatory nonatherosclerotic group had more severe WIfI (wound, ischemia, and foot infection) W and fI grades, and more frequent infrapopliteal and inframalleolar artery diseases with a rarer presence of arterial calcification (all p < 0.05). Adjunctive therapy was more frequently performed in the inflammatory nonatherosclerotic group ( p < 0.05). The inflammatory nonatherosclerotic group had a lower incidence rate of wound healing (0.64-fold, p < 0.001) and a higher incidence rate of major reintervention (2.30-fold, p = 0.006), whereas the risk ratio of all-cause mortality was 0.83-fold ( p = 0.067). The association of inflammatory nonatherosclerotic disease with the delayed wound healing and the susceptibility to major reintervention remained significant even after adjustment for covariates (both p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Patient, limb, and lesion characteristics of inflammatory nonatherosclerotic CLTI were considerably different from those of atherosclerotic CLTI. Inflammatory nonatherosclerotic CLTI was less likely to heal than atherosclerotic CLTI.
Parental alienation – a valid experience?
Authors: Meland Eivind , Furuholmen Dag , Jahanlu David
Published: April 2023

Background:

The phenomenon of ‘parental alienation’ is controversial and little explored in the Nordic countries. We wanted to investigate whether parental alienation is a valid concept and how it is perceived in a Nordic context.

Material and method:

The study was based on an online survey where the participants were self-recruited. We received responses from 1212 participants. Bivariate and multivariate models were used to test the associations between parental alienation and gender, other intimate partner violence, depressive health problems and reduced well-being.

Results:

Visitation sabotage and parental alienation are realities for both fathers and mothers. It was most frequently directed at fathers, but such behaviour is not gender specific. Eight different alienation strategies have high internal reliability, and all items contribute to high Cronbach’s alpha. Construct validity was confirmed by the fact that parental alienation is strongly associated with visitation sabotage and with other forms of destructive relational behaviour. Visitation sabotage and false accusations increase gradually with the degree of parental alienation. The construct validity of parental alienation was also confirmed by dose–response associations with both mental ill-health and impaired well-being in adjusted analyses.

Conclusions:

The phenomenon of parental alienation is recognized among parents as a form of harmful behaviour where both mothers and fathers suffer. The construct validity was supported in this study. Such behaviour should be recognized as a form of domestic violence by professional communities in health and social services and be subject to legal action.
Anticipated suicidal and death ideation in response to an imagined dementia diagnosis: A qualitative study
Authors: Maxfield Molly , Peckham Allie , James Dara L , Lathrop Laura , Fiske Amy
Published: April 2023

Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias are prevalent, highly impactful, and feared diagnoses. A mixed methods study using semi-structured interviews was conducted to clarify causes of dementia-related anxiety. Fifty community-dwelling adults aged 58 to 89 ( M = 70.92, SD = 6.08) were recruited from a university participant registry and Memory Clinic; none had dementia diagnoses. Analyses revealed that 42% ( n = 21) of participants anticipated suicidal or death ideation if diagnosed with dementia. Among participants endorsing anticipated suicidal or death ideation, responses ranged from active, specific plans, including interest in physician-assisted suicide, to more passive wishes to hasten death rather than continue to live with dementia. Within reports of both anticipated suicidal and death ideation, three subthemes emerged. Participants reported concerns about becoming a burden to others, the devaluation of life/loss of self with dementia, and the desire for (and anticipated thwarting of) personal control as factors contributing to their anticipated responses to a dementia diagnosis. Statements of anticipated suicidal and death ideation were contingent on a dementia diagnosis and may reflect errors in affective forecasting. Nevertheless, given the prevalence of dementias and older adults’ elevated rates of suicide, the intersection of these two public health issues warrants greater attention.
Radiation Protection of Polydatin Against Radon Exposure Injury of Epithelial Cells and Mice
Authors: Chen Huiqin , Luo Fajian , Song Huisheng , Long Huiqiang , Chen Na , Sun Liang , Cui Fengmei , Wan Jun , Tu Yu
Published: April 2023

Radon exposure is significantly associated with lung cancer. Radon concentration is currently reduced mainly by physical methods, but there is a lack of protective drugs or biochemical reagents for radon damage. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of polydatin (PD) on the radon-exposed injury. The results showed that PD can significantly reduce ROS level, raise SOD activity, weaken the migration ability, increase E-cad, and decrease mesenchymal cell surface markers (FN1, Vimentin, N-cad, α-SMA, and Snail) in radon-exposed epithelial cells. In vivo, PD increased the mice weight, promoted SOD activity, and decreased MDA content, the number of bullae, pulmonary septum thickness, lung collagenous fibers, and mesenchymal cell surface markers. Furthermore, PD inhibited p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR expression. Compared with directly adding PD on radon-exposed cells, adding PD before and after radon exposure could more obviously improve the adhesion of radon-exposed cells, significantly alleviate the migration ability, and more significantly reduce mesenchyme markers and p-AKT and p-mTOR. These results indicate that PD can reduce oxidative stress, weaken epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lung fibrosis in radon-exposed cells/mice, and have good radiation protection against radon injury. The mechanism is related to the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Spatial attention modulates multisensory integration: The dissociation between exogenous and endogenous orienting
Authors: Wu Yingnan , Gao Min , Wang Xueli , Tang Xiaoyu
Published: April 2023

Previous studies have separately found that exogenous orienting decreases multisensory integration (MSI), while endogenous orienting enhances MSI. It is currently unclear, however, why the two orientations have opposite effects on MSI. In the current study, we investigated the interaction between spatial attention and MSI in two experiments based on the cue–target paradigm. Experiment 1 separated exogenous and endogenous orienting to investigate the effect of spatial attention on MSI by varying the predictability of the cue. Experiment 2 further explored the effect of endogenous orienting on MSI. We found that exogenous orienting induced by the directionality of the cue decreased MSI, while endogenous orienting induced by the predictability of the cue enhanced MSI. The role of spatial orienting need and spatial attention bias in the modulation of MSI by exogenous and endogenous orienting was discussed. The present study sheds new light on how spatial attention modulates MSI processes.
Severe lupus flare is associated with a much higher risk of stroke among patients with SLE
Authors: Chang Kuo-Cheng , Lin Ching-Heng , Chen Po-Lin , Wu Yu-Hsuan , Hou Chung-Wei , Huang Jin-An
Published: April 2023

Background and aim:

There are few data on the influence of lupus flare on stroke risk in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we examined whether a severe lupus flare further increases the risk of stroke among SLE patients.

Methods:

Using the Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, we conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study from 2000 to 2016. Each patient with SLE was matched to a non-SLE subject in age, sex, and index date. A severe flare of lupus was identified when an SLE patient was admitted for pulse therapy with intravenous methylprednisolone greater than 250 mg in a single hospitalization. SLE patients were divided into severe flare and non-severe flare groups.

Results:

In total, 334 of 10,006 patients with SLE had a severe lupus flare, and the remaining 9672 patients were assigned to the non-severe flare group. Ischemic stroke occurred in 29 (8.7%), 485 (5%), and 384 (3.8%) of the patients in the severe flare, non-severe flare, and control groups, respectively. Hemorrhagic stroke occurred in 9 (2.7%), 123 (1.3%), and 37 (0.4%) of patients in the severe flare, non-severe flare, and control groups, respectively. Compared with patients in the non-severe flare group, patients with severe flare had a significantly higher risk of ischemic stroke (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 7.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.93–11.25 vs aHR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.26–1.83) and hemorrhagic stroke (aHR = 22.49, 95% CI: 10.09–50.12 vs aHR = 4.47, 95% CI: 2.90–6.90).

Conclusion:

Severe lupus flare is associated with a much higher risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes among SLE patients.
Sight settings for archers shooting up and down hills
Authors: Park James L
Published: April 2023

Field archery is conducted on an archery course similar in layout to a golf course. Archers shoot at targets placed one after another, usually involving the archers shooting up, down and across slopes. Archers need accurate sight settings if they are to obtain high scores. However, the required sight settings for slopes differ from those on flat ground. One method used by archers is to set the sight to the horizontal distance to the target (the ‘rifleman’s rule’). It has been shown that method does not provide the required precision. It has also been shown that a simple ‘percentage distance cut’ is not viable. An alternative method is provided.
An Ode to Humans From The Mouth of Coal
Authors: Haddox John Christopher
Published: April 2023

Appalachia and coal have a historically challenging relationship with each other. Coal has been the backbone of many Appalachian economies. Along with the economic benefits of coal have come many negative impacts. Political campaigns, from local to federal, have won and lost based on their positions and ties to coal. For a variety of reasons, the coal industry in Appalachia, especially in the Appalachian state of West Virginia, is declining, and will continue to decline, despite the rhetoric from those whose livelihoods—daily and politically—depend on coal. In this paper the author places himself in the black shoes of coal and offers a lyrical and musical response from coal itself to the rhetoric around the future of coal that rang loudly in his hometown of Logan, West Virginia during the 2016 presidential campaign.
Making algorithmic management safe and healthy for workers: Addressing psychosocial risks in new legal provisions
Authors: Cefaliello Aude , Moore Phoebe V , Donoghue Robert
Published: April 2023

The increasing deployment of algorithmic management in the workplace poses significant occupational safety and health risks for workers. In this article, we argue that existing and proposed EU regulatory frameworks are inadequate to address these risks, especially psychosocial risks, created or exacerbated by algorithmic management. While existing and proposed regulatory frameworks have significant implications for employers’ obligations to mitigate these risks, we identify several psychosocial risks created or exacerbated by algorithmic management and show how the current and proposed regulatory frameworks fall short of adequately addressing these risks. We observe that these frameworks, based largely in the ‘safety by design’ tradition, focus on the design phase of the technology life cycle. This focus does not adequately address risks that arise in the use or deployment stage of algorithmic management. There is therefore a need for a stand-alone piece of legislation at the EU level on algorithmic management. To address these shortcomings, we outline suggestions for provisions necessary for safe and healthy digitally managed work.
Mortality of multiple sclerosis in Iceland population-based mortality of MS in incidence and prevalence cohorts
Authors: Eliasdottir Olöf , Kjartansson Ólafur , Olafsson Elias
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Mortality is an important feature of the natural history of multiple sclerosis (MS). We report the mortality of all individuals with MS in Iceland, identified in a nationwide population-based study.

Patients and Methods

The results are based on a prevalence cohort and an incidence cohort. The prevalence cohort consisted of all patients with MS (n = 526) living in Iceland on the 31 December 2007. The incidence cohort consisted of all residents of Iceland (n = 222) diagnosed with MS during 2002 to 2007. Mortality was determined by following both the incidence cohort (from diagnosis) and the prevalence cohort (from the prevalence day) until death or 31 December 2020. The mortality, associated with MS, was compared with that expected in the Icelandic population ( standardized mortality ratio (SMR)).

Results

(a) Prevalence cohort (n = 526). The mean follow up was 12.0 years (range 0.3–13.0). The SMR was 1.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–2.0). (b) Incidence cohort (n = 222). The mean follow up was 15.4 years (range 3.7–18.5). The SMR was 1.2 (95% CI 0.6–2.2).

Conclusion

During the follow-up period, there was a substantial increase in mortality among the patients with MS, compared with the general population. There was no increase in mortality among the incidence cohort, when followed for up to 18.5 years following diagnosis.