bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Copper–Formate Framework Showing a Simple to Helical Antiferroelectric Transition with Prominent Dielectric Anomalies and Anisotropic Thermal Expansion, and Antiferromagnetism
Authors: Shang Ran , Chen Sa , Wang Zhe‐Ming , Gao Song
Published: October 2014

We present here the compound [NH4][Cu(HCOO)3], a new member of the [NH4][M(HCOO)3] family. The Jahn–Teller Cu2+ ion leads to a distorted 49⋅66 chiral Cu–formate framework. In the low‐temperature (LT) orthorhombic phase, the Cu2+ is in an elongated octahedron, and the ${{\rm NH}{{+\hfill \atop 4\hfill}}}$ ions in the framework channel are off the channel axis. From 94 to 350 K the ${{\rm NH}{{+\hfill \atop 4\hfill}}}$ ion gradually approaches the channel axis and the related modulation of the framework and the hydrogen‐bond system occurs. The LT phase is simple antiferroelectric (AFE). The material becomes hexagonal above 355 K. In the high‐temperature (HT) phase, the Cu2+ octahedron is compressed, and the ${{\rm NH}{{+\hfill \atop 4\hfill}}}$ ions are arranged helically along the channel axis. Therefore, the phase transition is one from LT simple AFE to HT helical AFE. The temperature‐dependent structure evolution is accompanied by significant thermal and dielectric anomalies and anisotropic thermal expansion, due to the different status of the ${{\rm NH}{{+\hfill \atop 4\hfill}}}$ ions and the framework modulations, and the structure–property relationship was established based on the extensive variable‐temperature single‐crystal structures. The material showed long range ordering of antiferromagnetism (AFM), with low dimensional character and a Néel temperature of 2.9 K. Therefore, within the material AFE and AFM orderings coexist in the low‐temperature region.
Riboflavin Interactions with Oxygen—A Survey from the Photochemical Perspective
Authors: Insińska‐Rak Małgorzata , Sikorski Marek
Published: October 2014

In this short review we provide some insights to the main processes that riboflavin is involved in upon absorption of a photon. We describe riboflavin properties in its interactions with oxygen, comparing them to the properties of some other singlet oxygen sensitizers. Data are provided on riboflavin photosensitizing properties in vivo and in vitro, and its properties as an endogenous singlet oxygen sensitizer are discussed. We additionally report flavin catalytic role in organic synthesis and photochemical reactivity in solutions of riboflavin and some of its derivatives.
Cathepsin‐B Induced Controlled Release from Peptide‐Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: de la Torre Cristina , Mondragón Laura , Coll Carmen , Sancenón Félix , Marcos María D. , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón , Amorós Pedro , Pérez‐Payá Enrique , Orzáez Mar
Published: October 2014

New capped silica mesoporous nanoparticles for intracellular controlled cargo release within cathepsin B expressing cells are described. Nanometric mesoporous MCM‐41 supports loaded with safranin O (S1‐P) or doxorubicin (S2‐P) containing a molecular gate based on a cathepsin B target peptidic sequence were synthesized. Solids were designed to show “zero delivery” and to display cargo release in the presence of cathepsin B enzyme, which selectively hydrolyzed in vitro the capping peptide sequence. Controlled delivery in HeLa, MEFs WT, and MEFs lacking cathepsin B cell lines were also tested. Release of safranin O and doxorubicin in these cells took place when cathepsin B was active or present. Cells treated with S2‐P showed a fall in cell viability due to nanoparticles internalization, cathepsin B hydrolysis of the capping peptide, and cytotoxic agent delivery, proving the possible use of these nanodevices as new therapeutic tools for cancer treatment.
Design of Enzymatically Cleavable Prodrugs of a Potent Platinum‐Containing Anticancer Agent
Authors: Ding Song , Pickard Amanda J. , Kucera Gregory L. , Bierbach Ulrich
Published: October 2014

Using a versatile synthetic approach, a new class of potential ester prodrugs of highly potent, but systemically too toxic, platinum–acridine anticancer agents was generated. The new hybrids contain a hydroxyl group, which has been masked with a cleavable lipophilic acyl moiety. Both butanoic (butyric) and bulkier 2‐propanepentanoic (valproic) esters were introduced. The goals of this design were to improve the drug‐like properties (e.g., logD) and to reduce the systemic toxicity of the pharmacophore. Two distinct pathways by which the target compounds undergo effective ester hydrolysis, the proposed activating step, have been confirmed: platinum‐assisted, self‐immolative ester cleavage in a low‐chloride environment (LC‐ESMS, NMR spectroscopy) and enzymatic cleavage by human carboxylesterase‐2 (hCES‐2) (LC‐ESMS). The valproic acid ester derivatives are the first example of a metal‐containing agent cleavable by the prodrug‐converting enzyme. They show excellent chemical stability and reduced systemic toxicity. Preliminary results from screening in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (A549, NCI‐H1435) suggest that the mechanism of the valproic esters may involve intracellular deesterification.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the New Indide La8Co2In3.
Authors: Dzevenko M. , Bigun I. , Pustovoychenko M. , Kalychak Ya.
Published: October 2014

Single crystals of the title compound are grown from an arc‐melted composition of La55Co22.5In22.5 by annealing under argon (Ta foil in evacuated quartz ampoule, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Reinvestigation and Characterization of the Magnesium Borate Fluoride Mg5(BO3)F.
Authors: Bai Chunyan , Han Shujuan , Pan Shilie , Bian Qiang , Yang Zhihua , Zhang Xingwen , Lin Xiaoxia , Jing Qun
Published: October 2014

The title compound is prepared by a two‐step process starting with heating a mixture of MgO, H3BO3, and Na2CO3 (Pt crucible, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of the Calcium Pyrophosphate Monohydrate Phase (Ca2P2O7·H2O): Towards Understanding the Dehydration Process in Calcium Pyrophosphate Hydrates.
Authors: Gras Pierre , Ratel‐Ramond Nicolas , Teychene Sebastien , Rey Christian , Elkaim Erik , Biscans Beatrice , Sarda Stephanie , Combes Christele
Published: October 2014

Single crystals of Ca2P2O7·H2O are prepared by diffusion of separate aqueous CaCl2 and Na4P2O7 solutions into a Na2SiO3·5H2O gel (room temperature, 14 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of Hydrates of Simple Inorganic Salts. Part 2. Water‐Rich Calcium Bromide and Iodide Hydrates: CaBr2·9H2O, CaI2·8H2O, CaI2·7H2O and CaI2·6.5H2O.
Authors: Hennings Erik , Schmidt Horst , Voight Wolfgang
Published: October 2014

Single crystals of the title compounds are prepared from their respective aqueous solutions at low temperatures (187‐298 K).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of the Electron‐Poor II—V Semiconductor ZnAs.
Authors: Fischer Andreas , Ekloef Daniel , Benson Daryn E. , Wu Yang , Scheidt Ernst‐Wilhelm , Scherer Wolfgang , Haeussermann Ulrich
Published: October 2014

ZnAs is prepared by hot isostatic pressing of Zn and As (BN capsule, complex heating schedule up to 1273 K, 6 GPa).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Ln3Fe0.5GeS7 (Ln: Y, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm).
Authors: Daszkiewicz M. , Pashynska Yu. O. , Marchuk O. V. , Gulay L. D. , Kaczorowski D.
Published: October 2014

The title compounds are characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, and magnetic measurements in the temperature range 1.72—400 K in external fields up to 5 T.
ChemInform Abstract: An Alginic Acid Assisted Rheological Phase Synthesis of Carbon Coated Li3V2(PO4)3 with High‐Rate Performance.
Authors: Wu Yue , Tang Zhiyuan , Guo Xuyun , Du Chenqiang , Zhang Xinhe
Published: October 2014

A nanoscaled Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium ion batteries is prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of V2O5, Li2CO3, and NH4H2PO4, and certain amounts of alginic acid as the carbon source and ethylene glycol as a dispersant (80 °C for 5 h, 350 °C for 4 h, and 800 °C for 8 h under N2).
ChemInform Abstract: Dimensional and Coordination Number Reductions in a Large Family of Lanthanide Tellurite Sulfates.
Authors: Lin Jian , Diefenbach Kariem , Kikugawa Naoki , Baumbach Ryan E. , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: October 2014

Twenty‐two new lanthanide tellurite sulfates are characterized by single crystal XRD, UV/VIS/NIR and fluorescence spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis of Spinel AV2O4 (M: Mg, Mn, Fe, and Co).
Authors: Gutierrez Arturo , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: October 2014

Low valent metastable MV2O4 (M: Mg, Mn, Fe, Co) are prepared by a low‐temperature microwave‐assisted solvothermal (MW‐ST) process using appropriate amounts of M(O‐Ac)2 and VO(O‐iPr)3 in tetraethylene glycol (microwave reactor, 300 °C, 15‐25 bar, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Pb4V6O16(SeO3)3 (H2O), Pb2VO2(SeO3)2Cl, and PbVO2(SeO3)F: New Lead(II)—Vanadium(V) Mixed‐Metal Selenites Featuring Novel Anionic Skeletons.
Authors: Cao Xue‐Li , Kong Fang , Hu Chun‐Li , Xu Xiang , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: October 2014

The new compounds (III), (VI), and (VII) are characterized by single crystal XRD, UV/VIS and IR spectroscopy, second harmonic generation measurements, and DFT electronic structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Detailed Characterization, and Theoretical Understanding of Mononuclear Chromium(III)‐Containing Polyoxotungstates [CrIII(HXVW7O28)2] 13‐ (X: P, As) with Exceptionally Large Magnetic Anisotropy.
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Christian Jonathan H. , Al‐Oweini Rami , Bassil Bassem S. , van Tol Johan , Atanasov Mihail , Neese Frank , Dalal Naresh S. , Kortz Ulrich
Published: October 2014

Compounds (IV) and (VI) are characterized in the solid state by single crystal XRD, IR spectroscopy, EPR, magnetic measurements, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: New Kagome Metal Sc3Mn3Al7Si5 and Its Gallium‐Doped Analogues: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Physical Properties.
Authors: He Hua , Miiller Wojciech , Aronson Meigan C.
Published: October 2014

Single crystals of the new title compound are prepared from a Sc/Mn/Al/Si mixture with a molar ratio of 3:3:30:5 using Al as a reactive flux (alumina crucible, 1100 °C, 8 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese Terpyridine Artificial Metalloenzymes for Benzylic Oxygenation and Olefin Epoxidation.
Authors: Zhang Chen , Srivastava Poonam , Ellis‐Guardiola Ken , Lewis Jared C.
Published: October 2014

A novel heme‐binding protein/manganese terpyridin artificial metalloenzyme is prepared and applied to selective oxygenations and olefin epoxidations.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Benzimidazole‐Derived Bidentate P,N‐Ligand for Enantioselective Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenations.
Authors: Weemers Jarno J. M. , Sypaseuth Fanni D. , Baeuerlein Patrick S. , van der Graaff William N. P. , Filot Ivo A. W. , Lutz Martin , Mueller Christian
Published: October 2014

Both enantiomers of the novel benzimidazole‐derived bidentate P,N‐ligand (I) are synthesized (not shown) and applied to Ir‐catalyzed hydrogenation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Transfer Reaction of Phenyl to Aldehydes Using L‐Proline‐Derived Amino Alcohols as Chiral Ligands.
Authors: Liu Yongmin , Bo Rongcheng , Wu Nan , Qiao Yuehua , Li Yong , Wu Hui , Xu Zhou
Published: October 2014

An efficient method for the synthesis of optically active diarylmethanols with very high enantiomeric excess (up to 98%) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple, Efficient and Green Procedure for Michael Addition Catalyzed by [C4dabco]OH Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Keithellakpam Sanjoy , Laitonjam Warjeet S.
Published: October 2014

A DABCO‐based ionic liquid is used as catalyst for the Michael addition under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: (D,L)‐10‐Camphorsulfonic‐Acid‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Diaryl‐Fused 2,8‐Dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes from 2‐Hydroxychalcones and Naphthol Derivatives.
Authors: Jiang Xiaolong , Song Zilan , Xu Chang , Yao Qizheng , Zhang Ao
Published: October 2014

For the first time, aryl‐ and aza‐aryl‐fused 2,8‐dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes are prepared using a tandem one‐pot Friedel—Crafts alkylation/double cyclization process.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes or Ketones with 1‐Acetoxy‐1,2‐benziodoxole‐3(1H)‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Iinuma Masataka , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo
Published: October 2014

A wide range of primary and secondary alcohols are oxidized using derivatives of 1‐acetoxy‐1,2‐benziodoxole‐3(1H)‐one having electron‐deficient substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented Iron‐Catalyzed Ester Hydrogenation. Mild, Selective, and Efficient Hydrogenation of Trifluoroacetic Esters to Alcohols Catalyzed by an Iron Pincer Complex.
Authors: Zell Thomas , Ben‐David Yehoshoa , Milstein David
Published: October 2014

Trifluoroacetic esters are reduced by hydrogen in the presence of an iron pincer complex to the corresponding alcohols and trifluoroethanol, for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Passerini and Passerini—Knoevenagel Reactions with vic‐Diketo Amides.
Authors: Rossbach Jan , Harms Klaus , Koert Ulrich
Published: October 2014

Vicinal diketo amides react with isonitriles and carboxylic acids to α‐acyloxy β‐keto carboxamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Lipase‐Catalyzed Knoevenagel Condensation Between α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes and Active Methylene Compounds.
Authors: Wang Zhi , Wang Chun‐Yu , Wang Hao‐Ran , Zhang Hong , Su Ya‐Lun , Ji Teng‐Fei , Wang Lei
Published: October 2014

Optimum reaction conditions (type of lipase, solvent, water content in the reaction mixture) are examined for the lipase‐catalyzed title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: A de novo Stereocontrolled Approach to syn‐ and anti‐Disubstituted Acyclic β2,3‐Amino Acid Enantiomers.
Authors: Cherepanova Maria , Kiss Lorand , Forro Eniko , Fueloep Ferenc
Published: October 2014

Starting from racemic bicyclic β‐lactam (I), a simple and efficient stereocontrolled procedure is developed for the synthesis of enantiomeric β2,3‐amino acid derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Chloride‐Mediated Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopropanecarboxamides from γ,δ‐Epoxy Malonates Through a Domino Cyclopropanation/Lactonization/Aminolysis Process.
Authors: Marques Marcelo V. , Sa Marcus M.
Published: October 2014

A mild and operationally simple method for the title synthesis is developed tolerating a large variety of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis of Functionalized Benzocyclobutenones.
Authors: Chen P.‐h. , Savage Nikolas A. , Dong Guangbin
Published: October 2014

A modified access to the benzocyclobutene motif via [2 + 2] cycloaddition between benzynes generated from dehydrohalogenation of aryl halides and acetaldehyde enolate in situ generated from THF is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Alkylation of Allyl Acetates Using Tartrate‐Derived Bioxazoline Ligands.
Authors: Jayakumar Samydurai , Prakash Muthuraj , Balaraman Kaluvu , Kesavan Venkitasamy
Published: October 2014

The bisoxazoline (BOX) is found to be an efficient ligand in Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Aerobic Direct Olefination of Polyfluoroarenes.
Authors: He Chun‐Yang , Qing Feng‐Ling , Zhan Xingang
Published: October 2014

Optimal conditions are elaborated for the synthesis of polyfluoroarene‐alkene structures via direct olefination of fluoroarenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Production of Enaminones from Terminal Alkynes via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Reaction of Formamides with N‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles.
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Funakoshi Yuuta , Tanaka Takamasa , Murakami Masahiro
Published: October 2014

The novel one‐pot procedure for the synthesis of α‐amino enamines involves 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of alkynes with mesyl azide and subsequent reaction of the resulting 1,2,3‐triazoles with formamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Catalyzed Synthesis of Amino Acids by an MIO‐Cofactor Independent Pathway.
Authors: Lovelock Sarah L. , Lloyd Richard C. , Turner Nicholas J.
Published: October 2014

An enantioselective synthesis of phenylalanine derivatives from the corresponding cinnamic acids by phenylalanine ammonia lyase is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—O Bond Formation of 2‐Acyl Phenols and 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with Ethers: Direct Access to Phenol Esters and Enol Esters.
Authors: Park Jihye , Han Sang Hoon , Sharma Satyasheel , Han Sangil , Shin Youngmi , Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Kwak Jong Hwan , Lee Cheong Hoon , Lee Jeongmi , Kim In Su
Published: October 2014

This protocol provides an efficient preparation of phenol esters and enol esters in good yields with high chemoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd/C‐Mediated Arylation Followed by I2‐Catalyzed Hydration Strategy: Preparation of Functionalized Novel Indanone Derivatives.
Authors: Dulla Balakrishna , Kolli Sunder Kumar , Chamakura Upendar Reddy , Deora Giridhar Singh , Raju R. Ramesh , Pal Manojit
Published: October 2014

In an in vitro study, compound (IIIa) shows inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 4B and binding with this protein in silico.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cooperative N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Chiral Phosphate Catalysis System for Allenolate Annulations.
Authors: Lee Anna , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: October 2014

A highly efficient asymmetric [3 + 2] annulation reaction of α,β‐alkynals and α‐ketoesters is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot C—H Insertion/Olefination Sequence for the Formation of α‐Alkylidene‐γ‐butyrolactones.
Authors: Lloyd Matthew G. , Taylor Richard J. K. , Unsworth William P.
Published: October 2014

The key C‐H insertion process of various diazo substrates is achieved in the presence of a dirhodium carboxylate catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Enolate Umpolung: Cyclative Diacetoxylation of Alkynyl Cyclohexadienones Promoted by a Pd/SPRIX Catalyst.
Authors: Takenaka Kazuhiro , Mohanta Suman C. , Sasai Hiroaki
Published: October 2014

An example of an enantioselective version of this method is also presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Remarkable Switch of Regioselectivity in Diels—Alder Reaction: Divergent Total Synthesis of Borreverine, Caulindoles, and Flinderoles.
Authors: Dethe Dattatraya H. , Erande Rohan D. , Dherange Balu D.
Published: October 2014

A remarkable switch of reactivity of the Diels—Alder dimerization of indole substituted butadienes is discovered.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Squaramide‐Catalyzed Domino Mannich—Cyclization Reaction of Isatin Imines.
Authors: Wang Xi‐Bo , Li Tian‐Ze , Sha Feng , Wu Xin‐Yan
Published: October 2014

A efficient procedure using a bifunctional squaramide catalyst is presented for the domino Mannich cyclization of isatin imines and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds (II) and (IV) to produce 3‐amino‐2‐oxindoles in high yields and excellent stereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)—Lewis Acid‐Mediated Regioselective Umpolung Formal [3 + 2] Annulations of Alkynyl Aldehydes with Isatins.
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lu Yingyan , Tang Weifang , Lu Tao , Du Ding
Published: October 2014

In most cases, the title reactions proceed via a3‐d3 umpolung of alkynyl aldehydes (I) and (V) resulting in spirooxindole butenolides (III) and (VI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Pyrrolizine‐Based Triheterocycles by Organocatalytic Cascade Aza‐Michael—Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Lee Hyo‐Jun , Cho Chang‐Woo
Published: October 2014

Unique chiral pyrrolizine‐based triheterocycles are obtained by enantio‐ and diastereoselective cascade aza‐Michael—aldol reaction of 2‐(trifluoroacetyl)pyrroles with α‐branched α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Series of Enantiopure Polyhydroxylated Bicyclic N‐Heterocycles from an L‐Erythrose‐Derived Nitrone and Alkoxyallenes.
Authors: Jasinski Marcin , Moreno‐Clavijo Elena , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich
Published: October 2014

The initiatory reaction between nitrone (I) and alkoxyallenes yields novel bicyclic 2H‐1,2‐oxazine derivatives (III), which are obtained as single diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐(Methylthio)tetrazoles as Versatile Synthons in the Stereoselective Synthesis of Polycyclic Pyrazolines via Photoinduced Intramolecular Nitrile Imine—Alkene 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition.
Authors: Pla Daniel , Tan Derek S. , Gin David Y.
Published: October 2014

The title reaction is successfully applied to the concise total synthesis of the natural alkaloids (.+‐.)‐newbouldine (XXII) and withasomnine (XXIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Trisubstituted Imidazoles via Aerobic Copper Catalyzed Ligand‐Free [3 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Li Wei , Tian Weixiang Jiao Wan , Lei Ming
Published: October 2014

A simple and facile method for the synthesis of highly functionalized imidazole derivatives by aerobic [3 + 2] cycloaddition of amidines with nitroolefins is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Keto‐1,2,3‐triazoles Through Copper Iodide Catalyzed Oxygenation.
Authors: Nawratil Swantje , Grypioti Maria , Menendez Christophe , Mallet‐Ladeira Sonia , Lherbet Christian , Baltas Michel
Published: October 2014

Copper catalyzed oxidation of benzyltriazoles with tBuOOH proceeds at room temperature to afford α‐keto‐1,2,3‐triazoles in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Spiro‐ and Bicycloannulation of Sulfoximine‐Substituted 2‐Hydroxy‐dihydropyrans: Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiroketals, Spiroethers, and Oxabicycles and Structure of Dihydropyran Oxocarbenium Ions.
Authors: Lejkowski Michal , Banerjee Prabal , Raabe Gerhard , Runsink Jan , Gais Hans‐Joachim
Published: October 2014

The synthesis of spiroketals, spiroethers, and oxabicylcles is achieved via enantioselective cyclization of functionalized enones like (VII) to dihydropyrans followed by ring closing metathesis, Prins reaction, or spiroketalization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Building Blocks of Benzosuberone Bearing Coumarin Moieties and Their Evaluation as Potential Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Yadagiri Bandi , Holagunda Uma Devi , Bantu Rajashaker , Nagarapu Lingaiah , Kumar C. Ganesh , Pombala Sujitha , Sridhar B.
Published: October 2014

Title compound (IIIa) exhibits promising cytotoxicity against all the four cancer cell lines tested, while derivative (IIIb) shows significant cytotoxicity against HeLa and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Amounts of Triarylaminium Salt Initiated Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of N‐Aryl Tetrahydroisoquinolines.
Authors: Huo Congde , Wang Cheng , Wu Mingxia , Jia Xiaodong , Wang Xicun , Yuan Yong , Xie Haisheng
Published: October 2014

A novel stable radical cation is found to induce aerobic oxidative α‐C—H functionalization of tetrahydroisoquinolines (I) to form C—C and C—P bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction in Aqueous Micellar Medium: An Easy Route to Chromeno[2,3‐b]quinolinedione.
Authors: Ghosh Jaydip , Biswas Pritam , Sarkar Tapas , Drew Michael G. B. , Bandyopadhyay Chandrakanta
Published: October 2014

The reaction of aldehyde (I) with anilines and dimedone is performed in a reusable aqueous tetrabutylammonium bromide solution to give the title compounds in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐ZrP: A Highly Efficient Catalyst for Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Pyrimido[5′,4′:5,6]pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidinetetraone and 4‐Arylacridinedione Derivatives.
Authors: Abdolmohammadi Shahrzad
Published: October 2014

Zr(HPO4)2·H2O is shown to be an efficient catalyst for the condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes with 1,3‐dimethylbarbituric acid (I) or dimedone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Biginelli Reaction Catalyzed by Double Axially Chiral Bisphosphorylimides.
Authors: An Dong , Fan Yan‐Sen , Gao Yang , Zhu Zi‐Qian , Zheng Liang‐Yu , Zhang Suo‐Qin
Published: October 2014

Double axially chiral bisphosphorylimides like (I) are synthesized and applied as catalyst in enantioselective Biginelli reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Cinnamoyl‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Kolosov Maksim A. , Kulyk Olesia G. , Shvets Elena G. , Orlov Valeriy D.
Published: October 2014

Two alternative approaches for the synthesis of 5‐cinnamoylpyrimidin‐2‐ones are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Pseudo Five‐Component Synthesis of 5‐Phenyldihydrospiro[diindenopyridine‐indenoquinoxaline]dione Derivatives via a One‐Pot Condensation Reaction
Authors: Amanpour Tayebeh , Bazgir Ayoob , Ardekani Ali M. , Ghahremanzadeh Ramin
Published: October 2014

using TosOH as inexpensive, nontoxic, and easily available catalyst
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Oxidative Tandem Reactions with Molecular Oxygen: Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzoxazinone Derivatives from Indoles.
Authors: Yamashita Mitsuaki , Iida Akira
Published: October 2014

The use of an additive after the oxidative reaction is crucial for this reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: π‐Insertion Reactions of Benzynes into P=N and P=S Double Bonds.
Authors: Lopez‐Leonardo Carmen , Raja Rosalia , Lopez‐Ortiz Fernando , Angel del Aguila‐Sanchez Miguel , Alajarin Mateo
Published: October 2014

By adding 2.6 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic Diterpenes from Roots of Crossopetalum gaumeri, a Celastraceae Species from Yucatan Peninsula.
Authors: Miron‐Lopez Gumersindo , Bazzocchi Isabel L. , Jimenez‐Diaz Ignacio A. , Moujir Laila M. , Quijano‐Quinones Ramiro , Quijano Leovigildo , Mena‐Rejon Gonzalo J.
Published: October 2014

Four new diterpenes crossogumerins A—D (I)—(IV), are isolated along with six known ones from the root bark of Crossopetalum gaumeri.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Alkaloid from the Mycelium of Inonotus obliquus.
Authors: Zhang Lin‐Yan , Bai Ha‐Bo , Shan Wei‐Guang , Zhan Zha‐Jun
Published: October 2014

The new alkaloid inotopyrrole (I) is isolated from the mycelium of Inonotus obliquus.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Comparative Study of Homoisofagomines and Analogues as Glycosidase Inhibitors.
Authors: Basak Ranjan Kumar , Vankar Yashwant D.
Published: October 2014

Among a wide range of synthesized compounds, azepane (I) shows the highest activity against α‐mannosidase (jack beans) and azepane lactam (II) exhibits an inhibition value in the micromolecular range for β‐galactosidase (bovine liver).
ChemInform Abstract: Vibrational Circular Dichroism Study for Natural Bioactive Schizandrin and Reassignment of Its Absolute Configuration
Authors: Zhu Huajie , et al. et al.
Published: October 2014

the absolute configuration of (+)‐schizandrin is assigned as (7S,8R)
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Total Synthesis of Biologically Active Frutinones via Tributylphosphine‐Catalyzed Tandem Acyl Transfer‐Cyclization.
Authors: Yoshida Masahito , Saito Koya , Fujino Yuta , Doi Takayuki
Published: October 2014

The lewis‐base catalyzed tandem acyl transfer‐cyclization reaction of carbonates (I) results in formation of 3‐alkoxycarbonylflavones (II).
ChemInform Abstract: (NH4) 4Sn2S6·3H2O: Crystal Structure, Thermal Decomposition, and Precursor for Textured Thin Film.
Authors: Noerby Peter , Overgaard Jacob , Christensen Per S. , Richter Bo , Song Xin , Dong Mingdong , Han Anpan , Skibsted Joergen , Iversen Bo B. , Johnsen Simon
Published: October 2014

(NH4) 4Sn2S6·3H2O (I) as a more environmentally friendly alternative to the hydrazinium analogue in solution processed advanced Sn(IV) sulfide based films for electronic devices.
ChemInform Abstract: State of the Art of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthesis on Surfaces
Authors: Chen Yabin , Zhang Yingying , Hu Yue , Kang Lixing , Zhang Shuchen , Xie Huanhuan , Liu Dan , Zhao Qiuchen , Li Qingwen , Zhang Jin
Published: October 2014

Review: 187 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Collinear Magnetism Induced by Frustration in Transition‐Metal Nanostructures Deposited on Surfaces
Authors: Lounis S.
Published: October 2014

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Inorganic Nanomaterials for the Consolidation of Wall Paintings and Stones
Authors: Baglioni P. , Giorgi R.
Published: October 2014

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Template‐Directed Synthesis of Metal—Organic Materials
Authors: Zhang Zhenjie , Zaworotko Michael J.
Published: October 2014

Review: [50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Corroles: Synthesis, Functionalization and Application as Chemosensors
Authors: Santos Carla I. M.
Published: October 2014

Review: 4 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Base Catalysis of Three n—π* Mediated Reactions with N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs), Isothioureas, Bicyclic Tertiary Amines, and Electron‐Rich Pyridyls
Authors: Candish Lisa , Nakano Yuji , Lupton David W.
Published: October 2014

Review: [74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Desymmetrization as a Strategy in Asymmetric Halocyclization Reactions
Authors: Hennecke Ulrich , Wilking Michael
Published: October 2014

Review: [22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,8‐Diheterobicyclo[3.2.1]octane Ring Systems: Natural Occurrence, Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Flores MariFe , Diez David
Published: October 2014

Review: [102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Metal—Organic Frameworks in Heterogeneous Supramolecular Catalysis
Authors: Liu Jiewei , Chen Lianfen , Cui Hao , Zhang Jianyong , Zhang Li , Su Cheng‐Yong
Published: October 2014

Review: [99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Discovery and Development of the N‐Substituted trans‐3,4‐Dimethyl‐4‐(3′‐hydroxyphenyl)piperidine Class of Pure Opioid Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Carrol F. Ivy , Dolle Roland E.
Published: October 2014

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfonyl Acetylenes as Alkynylating Reagents under Radical or Anionic Conditions
Authors: Garcia Ruano Jose Luis , Aleman Jose , Parra Alejandro , Marzo Leyre
Published: October 2014

Review: [71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modern Multicomponent Reactions for Better Drug Syntheses
Authors: Zarganes‐Tzitzikas Tryfon , Doemling Alexander
Published: October 2014

Review: 17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkali and Transition Metal Phospholides
Authors: Bezkishko I. A. , Zagidullin A. A. , Milyukov V. A. , Sinyashin O. G.
Published: October 2014

Review: 184 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Syntheses of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinolines, 2,3‐Dihydro‐4(1H)‐quinolinones and 4(1H)‐Quinolinones Using Domino Reactions
Authors: Nammalwar Baskar , Bunce Richard A.
Published: October 2014

Review: 134 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of Water in CO Oxidation on Gold Catalysts
Authors: Fujitani T. , Nakamura I. , Haruta M.
Published: October 2014

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclodextrin‐Based Systems for the Stabilization of Metallic(0) Nanoparticles and Their Versatile Applications in Catalysis
Authors: Noel Sebastien , Leger Bastien , Ponchel Anne , Philippot Karine , Denicourt‐Nowicki Audrey , Roucoux Alain , Monflier Eric
Published: October 2014

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethanepolyphosphonates: Convenient One‐Pot Syntheses of Esters, Acids, and Salts with High Yields and Their Properties
Authors: Haegele Gerhard
Published: October 2014

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Phosphaindolizines
Authors: Sogani Nidhi , Maheshwari Pooja , Bansal Raj K.
Published: October 2014

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescent Metal—Organic Frameworks for Chemical Sensing and Explosive Detection
Authors: Hu Zhichao , Deibert Benjamin J. , Li Jing
Published: October 2014

Review: 214 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Pros and Cons of Lignin Valorisation in an Integrated Biorefinery
Authors: Strassberger Zea , Tanase Stefania , Rothenberg Gadi
Published: October 2014

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Protein Interactions with Polymer Coatings and Biomaterials
Authors: Wei Qiang , Becherer Tobias , Angioletti‐Uberti Stefano , Dzubiella Joachim , Wischke Christian , Neffe Axel T. , Lendlein Andreas , Ballauff Matthias , Haag Rainer
Published: October 2014

Review: recent developments in analytical, biochemical, and theoretical techniques that lead to a better understanding of polymeric biomaterials for applications as bioinert and biospecific surface coating materials in biomedical systems; 292 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Catalysis and the Challenges of Powering the Planet, Securing Chemicals for Civilised Life, and Clean Efficient Utilization of Renewable Feedstocks
Authors: Thomas John Meurig
Published: October 2014

Review: [138 refs.
A Novel Technology for Natural Gas Conversion by Means of Integrated Oxidative Coupling and Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: Thybaut Joris W. , Marin Guy B. , Mirodatos Claude , Schuurman Yves , van Veen Andre C. , Sadykov Vladislav A. , Pennemann Helmut , Bellinghausen Rainer , Mleczko Leslaw
Published: October 2014

A novel process concept for the oxidative coupling of methane followed by the oligomerization to liquids has been developed within the frame of the EU integrated project OCMOL. This technology is based on process intensification principles via cutting‐edge structured microreactor technology. It is also a fully integrated industrial process through the re‐use and the recycling of by‐products, in particular CO2, at every process stage. The focus of this contribution is on the reaction engineering aspects of the core steps, i.e., catalysts, kinetics and reactor design for the methane coupling and reforming.
General β‐Jacobi Corners Process and the Gaussian Free Field
Authors: Borodin Alexei , Gorin Vadim
Published: October 2014

We prove that the two‐dimensional Gaussian free field describes the asymptotics of global fluctuations of a multilevel extension of the general β‐Jacobi random matrix ensembles. Our approach is based on the connection of the Jacobi ensembles to a degeneration of the Macdonald processes that parallels the degeneration of the Macdonald polynomials to the Heckman‐Opdam hypergeometric functions (of type A). We also discuss the β → ∞ limit. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Billion‐Fold Enhancement in Sensitivity of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Magnesium Ions in Solution
Authors: Gottberg Alexander , Stachura Monika , Kowalska Magdalena , Bissell Mark L. , Arcisauskaite Vaida , Blaum Klaus , Helmke Alexander , Johnston Karl , Kreim Kim , Larsen Flemming H. , Neugart Rainer , Neyens Gerda , Garcia Ruiz Ronald F. , Szunyogh Daniel , Thulstrup Peter W. , Yordanov Deyan T. , Hemmingsen Lars
Published: October 2014

β‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is highly sensitive compared to conventional NMR spectroscopy, and may be applied for several elements across the periodic table. β‐NMR has previously been successfully applied in the fields of nuclear and solid‐state physics. In this work, β‐NMR is applied, for the first time, to record an NMR spectrum for a species in solution.31Mg β‐NMR spectra are measured for as few as 107magnesium ions in ionic liquid (EMIM‐Ac) within minutes, as a prototypical test case. Resonances are observed at 3882.9 and 3887.2 kHz in an external field of 0.3 T. The key achievement of the current work is to demonstrate that β‐NMR is applicable for the analysis of species in solution, and thus represents a novel spectroscopic technique for use in general chemistry and potentially in biochemistry.
Simplified quasi‐Z source indirect matrix converter
Authors: Liu Shuo , Ge Baoming , Jiang Xinjian , Abu‐Rub Haitham , Peng Fang Zheng
Published: October 2014

Conventional matrix converters have a limited voltage gain less than 0.866 and also require many power switches and additional input filter that ensures a low input current harmonics to the grid. Quasi‐Z source (qZS) indirect matrix converter can provide high voltage gain and ensure a sinusoidal input current without additional input filter, which requires 12 power switches in rectifier stage. In this paper, a simplified qZS indirect matrix converter is proposed to overcome aforementioned limitations and achieve (1) higher voltage gain than 0.866, (2) less power switches, and (3) LC‐filter function integrated in qZS network to avoid additional filter. The new converter's operating principle and equivalent circuits are analyzed, and the modulation method is presented. The input current closed‐loop control is employed to implement sinusoidal input current waveform even though the proposed converter has less power switches and without extra input filter. A test bench is used to verify the simplified qZS indirect matrix converter and control methods. Simulation and experimental results identically validate the proposed converter system with wide voltage gain range and low input current harmonics. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An improved password‐based authentication scheme for session initiation protocol using smart cards without verification table
Authors: Farash Mohammad Sabsinejad
Published: October 2014

Authentication schemes have been widely deployed access control and mobility management in various communication networks. Especially, the schemes that are based on multifactor authentication such as on password and smart card come to be more practical. One of the standard authentication schemes that have been widely used for secure communication over the Internet is session initiation protocol (SIP). The original authentication scheme proposed for SIP was vulnerable to some crucial security weaknesses. To overcome the security problems, various improved authentication schemes have been developed, especially based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). Very recently, Zhang et al. proposed an improved authentication scheme for SIP based on ECC using smart cards to overcome the security flaws of the related protocols. Zhang et al. claimed that their protocol is secure against all known security attacks. However, this paper indicates that Zhang et al. protocol is still insecure against impersonation attack. We show that an active attacker can easily masquerade as a legal server to fool users. As a remedy, we also improve Zhang et al. protocol by imposing a little extra computation cost. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A prediction model for sudden cardiac death in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Adabag Selcuk , Rector Thomas S. , Anand Inder S. , McMurray John J. , Zile Michael , Komajda Michel , McKelvie Robert S. , Massie Barry , Carson Peter E.
Published: October 2014

Aims

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for ∼ 25% of all deaths in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, strategies to identify HFpEF patients at a higher risk of SCD have not been developed.

Methods and results

We studied 4128 patients with HFpEF enrolled in the Irbesartan in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction (I‐PRESERVE) trial. All SCDs were adjudicated by a clinical endpoint committee. Cumulative incidences of SCD were estimated counting other deaths as competing risks. Cox regression analysis was used to generate a risk model for SCD. During a mean follow‐up of 4.1 years, 231 (5.6%) patients died suddenly and 650 (15.7%) died non‐suddenly. A multivariable model in 3480 patients including age, gender, history of diabetes and myocardial infarction, LBBB on ECG, and the natural logarithm of NT‐proBNP identified a subgroup of 837 (24%) patients with ≥10% cumulative incidence of SCD over 5 years, accounting for other deaths as competing risk (Harrell's C index 0.75). The 5‐year cumulative incidences of SCD in the higher and lower risk groups were 11% and 4%, respectively. In the higher risk group, 32% of deaths were SCD compared with 26% in the entire I‐PRESERVE cohort.

Conclusions

A multivariable prediction model identified patients with HFpEF who have a ≥10% risk of SCD over 5 years, similar to the risk of SCD in the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure (SCD‐Heft) trial. This model may be useful for selecting patients with HFpEF for SCD prevention trials.
An Insight into the Complexation of Pyrazine‐Functionalized Calix[4]arenes with Am3+ and Eu3+ – Solvent Extraction and Luminescence Studies in Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Ansari Seraj A. , Mohapatra Prasanta K. , Sengupta Arijit , Nikishkin Nicolai I. , Huskens Jurriaan , Verboom Willem
Published: October 2014

The complexation behaviour of six pyrazine‐functionalized calix[4]arenes, containing substituents such as carbamoyl dioctyl (L‐1, L‐2), diisopropyl phosphonate (L‐3, L‐4) and diphenyl phosphoryl (L‐5, L‐6), with Am3+ and Eu3+ ions was investigated by solvent extraction as well as by luminescence spectroscopy (only for Eu3+) in room‐temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), [Cnmim][NTf2] (1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium, n = 4, 6, and 8). The spectacular enhancement in the extraction values of the trivalent metal ions in RTILs, as compared to those reported in a molecular diluent from 3 M HNO3, was rather unusual and was further investigated by luminescence studies. Luminescence studies involving Eu3+ and performed with L‐4 and L‐6 confirmed the 1:1 stoichiometry of the extracted species (Eu3+ L) with log β values of 4.42 ± 0.51 and 5.18 ± 0.38 for L‐4 and L‐6, respectively. Judd–Ofelt parameters, which give information about the nature of bonding as well as the coordinating environment, were computed from the emission spectra of the Eu3+ L‐4 and Eu3+ L‐6 complexes.
RhIII‐Catalysed Hydrazine‐Directed C(sp2)–H Amination of Phenidones with N‐Alkyl‐O‐benzoyl‐hydroxylamines
Authors: Xue Yu , Fan Zhoulong , Jiang Xiaolong , Wu Kui , Wang Meining , Ding Chunyong , Yao Qizheng , Zhang Ao
Published: October 2014

A RhIII‐catalysed ortho C–H amination of phenidones under mild conditions was developed using N‐alkyl‐O‐benzoyl‐hydroxylamines as aminating agents, and with a cyclic hydrazine moiety as a directing group, yields of up to 97 % and a high functional group tolerance were observed. This strategy offers an alternative route for the synthesis of amino analogues of the 5‐lipoxygenase inhibitor phenidone, and the products are valuable for further functional group transformations.
Synthesis of β‐Lapachone, a Potential Anticancer Agent from the Lapacho Tree
Authors: Katoh Takeru , Monma Hiromitsu , Wakasugi Jun , Narita Koichi , Katoh Tadashi
Published: October 2014

A pharmaceutically important natural product, β‐lapachone, was efficiently synthesized in four steps in 70 % overall yield starting from commercially available 1,4‐naphthoquinone. The key step of the synthesis was the direct conversion of 2‐prenyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone into β‐lapachone through an advantageous cyclization/hydration/oxidation cascade process.
Review of Smartphone Applications for the Treatment of Eating Disorders
Authors: Juarascio Adrienne S. , Manasse Stephanie M. , Goldstein Stephanie P. , Forman Evan M. , Butryn Meghan L.
Published: October 2014

mHealth tools may be a feasible modality for delivering evidence‐based treatments and principles (EBPs), and may enhance treatment for eating disorders (EDs). However, research on the efficacy of mHealth tools for EDs and the extent to which they include EBPs is lacking. The current study sought to (i) review existing apps for EDs, (ii) determine the extent to which available treatment apps utilize EBPs, and (iii) assess the degree to which existing smartphone apps utilize recent advances in smartphone technology. Overall, existing ED intervention apps contained minimal EBPs and failed to incorporate smartphone capabilities. For smartphone apps to be a feasible and effective ED treatment modality, it may be useful for creators to begin taking utilizing the abilities that set smartphones apart from in‐person treatment while incorporating EBPs. Before mHealth tools are incorporated into treatments for EDs, it is necessary that the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy be evaluated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Elevated major ion concentrations inhibit larval mayfly growth and development
Authors: Johnson Brent R. , Weaver Paul C. , Nietch Christopher T. , Lazorchak James M. , Struewing Katherine A. , Funk David H.
Published: October 2014

Anthropogenic disturbances, including those from developing energy resources, can alter stream chemistry significantly by elevating total dissolved solids. Field studies have indicated that mayflies (Order Ephemeroptera) are particularly sensitive to high total dissolved solids. In the present study, the authors measured 20-d growth and survivorship of larval Neocloeon triangulifer exposed to a gradient of brine salt (mixed NaCl and CaCl2) concentrations. Daily growth rates were reduced significantly in all salt concentrations above the control (363 µS cm−1) and larvae in treatments with specific conductance >812 µS cm−1 were in comparatively earlier developmental stages (instars) at the end of the experiment. Survivorship declined significantly when specific conductance was >1513 µS cm−1 and the calculated 20-d 50% lethal concentration was 2866 µS cm−1. The present study's results provide strong experimental evidence that elevated ion concentrations similar to those observed in developing energy resources, such as oil and gas drilling or coal mining, can adversely affect sensitive aquatic insect species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:167–172. © 2014 SETAC
A novel contact prediction‐based routing scheme for DTNs
Authors: Zhang Lichen , Wang Xiaoming , Lu Junling , Ren Meirui , Duan Zhuojun , Cai Zhipeng
Published: October 2014

Delay/disruption tolerant networks (DTNs) make opportunistic communications by utilising the mobility of nodes. The characteristics of high mobility of nodes and high dynamicity of network topology result in an absence of instantaneous end‐to‐end path from any source to a destination and thus make routing a challenge in DTNs. To deal with this issue, researchers have investigated a variety of routing schemes for DTNs based on the prediction of future contacts, in which node mobility is explored and used. However, the previous works did not consider the instant contact information such as the last contact duration time and the instant separation time since the last contact whilst making routing decisions, leading to less prediction accuracy of future contacts and thus worse routing performance. In this paper, a novel contact prediction‐based routing scheme is proposed for DTNs to increase delivery ratio by considering the instant contact information. Specifically, to predict the contact probability of two nodes accurately, the statistical contact information, the instant contact information and the contact transitivity are comprehensively considered. The simulation evaluations show that the proposed contact prediction‐based routing substantially improves delivery ratio and reduces delivery latency and delivery overhead compared with traditional DTN routing schemes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative investigation of air gaps entrapped in multilayer thermal protective clothing in low‐level radiation at the moisture condition
Authors: Fu Ming , Weng Wenguo , Yuan Hongyong
Published: October 2014

The effects of air gaps entrapped within the multilayer protective clothing system on the thermal performance were studied during low‐level radiation (2–10 kW/m2). A bench‐scale apparatus was designed to produce the liquid droplets and simulate human sweat transferring through the multilayer fabric system. Two air gaps located between the outer shell and the moisture barrier (Gap A) and between the moisture barrier and the thermal liner (Gap B) were used with different gap sizes (0, 2, and 5 mm). The thermal resistance analysis for the heat transfer with a multilayer flat wall was used to interpret the effects of air gap. The results show that the total thermal resistance of a multilayer clothing system and the thermal resistances of the two air gaps are linearly related with the level of heat flux. It is also indicated that the air gap position affects the beneficial effect of the gap size. The effect of Gap B to improve the thermal performance is better than that of Gap A. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.