bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing a 3D virtual test platform for evaluating prosthetic knee joint performance during the walking cycle
Authors: Haider Saif M. J. , Takhakh Ayad M. , Al-Waily Muhannad
Published: October 2022

This article introduced a three-dimension CAD model of a prosthesis testing platform using SolidWorks software to conduct a kinematic and dynamic analysis of the transfemoral prosthesis of the virtual model. Concurrently, the event-based motion simulation (EBMS) procedure was carried out on the CAD model. The concept of the operational strategy of the test platform was clarified through the machine’s real-life experience before being constructedin vitro. The platform model is capable of reproducing two active movements to simulate the locomotion of the thigh angle and hip vertical displacement for assessing the artificial knee angle motion during the gait cycle. These motions were controlled by two rotary forces (motors) that are utilized to implement control actions in EBMS. The prosthetic knee joint was built with a single axis that performs flexion and extension via the axial force of the spring. The simulation results of the thigh angle motion ranged from20°2{0}^{^\circ }to−15°-1{5}^{^\circ }, while the maximum flexion of the prosthetic knee joint was (46°4{6}^{^\circ }). The mean absolute error was (2.727°2.72{7}^{^\circ }) and (8.338°8.33{8}^{^\circ }) for the thigh and knee joints, respectively. In conclusion, the findings can be utilized to facilitate the design and development of prostheses.
Geochemical characteristics and genesis of natural gas in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin
Authors: Tan Kaijun , Chen Juan , Yao Jun , Wu Qingpeng , Shi Jianglong
Published: October 2022

In recent years, the geochemical characteristics, genesis and sources of natural gas in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin have received extensive attention, but their genesis and sources are still controversial. In this study, taking the natural gas from the Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin as an example, the source and genesis of the natural gas have been systematically analyzed. The results show that the natural gas of the Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin is dominated by methane, followed by a small amount of CO2 and N2; only the southern Sichuan area contains a small amount of H2S, which comes from the supply of the underlying carbonate source rocks. Except for the western Sichuan Basin, the drying coefficient of the natural gas is generally less than 0.95 (wet gas). Furthermore, the composition of the natural gas is mainly controlled by the maturity of source rocks. The carbon isotope of ethane in natural gas ranges from −33.9 to −21.5‰, and the hydrogen isotope of methane ranges from −188‰ to −151‰. The carbon and hydrogen isotope values are higher in the western Sichuan Basin than in the central, northeastern and southern Sichuan Basin. The identification of the origin of natural gas and the comparison of gas sources show that the natural gas in the Xujiahe Formation is mainly coal-derived gas from its own coal-measure source rocks; the natural gas in the northern part of the southern Sichuan Basin is oil-derived gas originating from the Changxing Formation and the Silurian marine source rocks; however, the natural gas in the northeastern Sichuan Basin is a mixture of coal-derived and oil-derived gases. In addition, the carbon and hydrogen isotopes in some natural gas samples from the Xujiahe Formation have inversions of δ13C1 > δ13C2, δ13C2 > δ13C3, δ13C3 > δ13C4, and δD2 > δD3, and the magnitude of the inversions is small. It is considered to be caused by the mixing of gases from the same source, as well as the mixing of coal-derived and oil-derived gases.
Study on the evaluation method and application of logging irreducible water saturation in tight sandstone reservoirs
Authors: Tan Lihong , Wu Hongliang , Cai Ming , Zhang Chengguang , Xin Yi , Tang Jun
Published: October 2022

Taking into consideration the difficulties in predicting the properties of liquid production and evaluating the irreducible water saturation of low-porosity and ultra-low-permeability sandstone reservoirs, the relationships between the irreducible water saturation and logging reservoir evaluation parameters are explored based on a large number of core mercury injection experiment. When the permeability cumulative contribution value reaches 99.9%, the lower limit of pore throat radius is determined as 0.025 μm and the corresponding irreducible water saturation is more accurate. The experimental results of 77 samples in the research area showed that the irreducible water saturation has a good correlation with the median pore throat radius which has a good correlation with the porosity. The irreducible water saturation is consistent with the nuclear magnetic experiment results. Therefore, a new method to determine the irreducible water saturation based on logging data is established. The application results of this method in tight sandstone reservoirs in the Keshen area show that the fluid types identified by the relationship between the calculated irreducible water saturation and total water saturation are consistent with the actual test results, which confirms the accuracy and feasibility of this method. This method solves the problem of irreducible water saturation evaluation in low-porosity and ultra-low-permeability sandstone reservoirs. In the field or other situations where core testing is lacking, accurate irreducible water saturation can be obtained based on only porosity. It also lays a foundation for further improving the prediction accuracy of fluid properties, which has broad application prospects.
A study on solvability of the fourth-order nonlinear boundary value problems
Authors: Gou Haide
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the paper is devoted to proving the solvability of the fourth order boundary value problem. Firstly, we build a maximum principle for the corresponding linear equation, by the use of this maximum principle, we develop a monotone iterative technique in the presence of lower and upper solutions to solve the nonlinear equation, secondly, the existence and uniqueness results for the problem is obtained. In addition, an example is presented to show the application of our main results.
Complexity trade-offs and equi-complexity in natural languages: a meta-analysis
Authors: Bentz Christian , Gutierrez-Vasques Ximena , Sozinova Olga , Samardžić Tanja
Published: October 2022

In linguistics, there is little consensus on how to define, measure, and compare complexity across languages. We propose to take the diversity of viewpoints as a given, and to capture the complexity of a language by a vector of measurements, rather than a single value. We then assess the statistical support for two controversial hypotheses: the trade-off hypothesis and the equi-complexity hypothesis. We furnish meta-analyses of 28 complexity metrics applied to texts written in overall 80 typologically diverse languages. The trade-off hypothesis is partially supported, in the sense that around one third of the significant correlations between measures are negative. The equi-complexity hypothesis, on the other hand, is largely confirmed. While we find evidence for complexity differences in the domains of morphology and syntax, the overall complexity vectors of languages turn out virtually indistinguishable.
Displacement structure of the DMP inverse
Authors: Zhong Jin , Yang Hong
Published: October 2022

A matrix

A

A

is said to have the displacement structure if the rank of the Sylvester displacement

A
U
−
V
A

AU-VA

or the Stein displacement

A
−
V
A
U

A-VAU

is much smaller than the rank of

A

A

. In this article, we study the displacement structure of the DMP inverse

A

d
,
†

{A}^{d,\dagger }

. Estimations for the Sylvester displacement rank of DMP inverse are presented under some restrictions. The generalized displacement is also discussed. The general results are applied to the core inverse.
LncRNA SNHG3 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via regulating miR-151a-3p/PFN2 axis
Authors: Ren Tiejun , Wang Dingyi , Gu Jinjin , Hou Xiaozhen
Published: October 2022

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. The dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is closely related to the tumorigenesis and progression of ESCC. However, the effects of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 (lncRNA SNHG3) in ESCC are still unclear. Therefore, a series of experiments methods, such as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, function gain/loss experiments, western blots, and animal xenograft tumor model, were employed to explore the biological function and molecular mechanism of SNHG3 in ESCC. As results, we first reported that SNHG3 was significantly up-regulated in ESCC tissues and cells. SNHG3 knockdown obviously inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted apoptosis. Mechanism analysis revealed that SNHG3 sponged miR-151a-3p to regulate PFN2. Inhibition of miR-151a-3p and overexpression of PFN2 attenuated the positive effect of SNHG3 knockdown on suppressing tumor progression. Furthermore, the anti-tumor effects of SNHG3 knockdown were also observed in vivo. In summary, our results indicated that SNHG3 knockdown suppressed tumor development via the miR-151a-3p/PFN2 axis, and targeting SNHG3 may provide a new opportunity for ESCC patients.
Comparison of Boron-Added Detergents in Terms of Stain Removal and Fabric Performance Loss
Authors: Değirmenci Züleyha
Published: October 2022

For the sustainability of the world, it is very important to use environmentally friendly products for cleaning textile products. Boron-added detergents, which are in the category of detergents used for this purpose, have also started to become popular. On the other hand, the cleanliness of the detergent and its effect on the quality of the product are equally important for the user. In this study, the effects of boron-added detergent on both stain removal and fabric performance were investigated. The research was conducted by comparing it with popular detergents preferred by users. Sample knitted fabric made of 100 % cotton was used for the analysis. The sample fabric was stained with tea, coffee, mud, and ketchup under favorable conditions and washed repeatedly in a household washing machine identical to the literature. After washing, the level of removal of stains, performance losses, and dimensional change were examined. The performance of boron-added detergent was compared with other detergents, and it was tried to analyze whether this detergent was usable. During the study, a household front-loading washing machine was used for washing, Truburst bursting strength tester was used to detect the strength of samples, an SDL Atlas stability template templer and ruler were used to evaluate the dimensional stability, and grayscale was used to compare stain removal. For analyzing the test results, graphs and scales were used. One-way ANOVA test was applied via the Design Expert 13.0 package program used for the interpretation of the test results.
Miniature C(T) Specimens—Pinhole Eccentricity and the Effect of Crack Opening Displacement Measurement Location
Authors: Sirkiä L. , Kuutti J. , Virkkunen I.
Published: October 2022

This paper focuses on the quality criteria for miniature compact tension (C(T)) specimens. The continuously diminishing volume of reference materials for fracture toughness surveillance testing encourages research on the usability of miniature-sized test specimens, and consequently, it is of great interest in the nuclear power plant field. Sufficient quality criteria and applicability are investigated experimentally and numerically by varying the pinhole locations to investigate the importance of the eccentricity of pinholes and its effect on measurement results. Additionally, the effect of measuring the crack opening displacement (CMOD) from the load line versus the front face and the effect of side grooving are studied with experimental arrangements. The results show that neither the eccentricity of pinholes within the studied offset values nor the location of the CMOD gauge imposes limits on the applicability of miniature C(T) specimens. With eccentric pinholes or any CMOD gauge placement, the fracture toughness results are valid.
Resisting vs. Persisting: Different Types of Self-Control Predict Different Outcomes Following Incarceration
Authors: Blalock Dan V. , Schrader Shannon W. , Stuewig Jeffrey , Tangney June P. , Masicampo E. J.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Trait self-control is one of the most robust predictors of important life outcomes. Recent evidence suggests at least two domains of self-control: inhibitory self-control (refraining from more attractive but goal-inconsistent behaviors) and initiatory self-control (engaging in and persisting in less attractive but goal-consistent behaviors). Methods: We examined longitudinal associations between these two self-control domains and subsequent post-incarceration behaviors in 492 jail inmates with a combination of self-reported questionnaires and official arrest records. Results: The two constructs were moderately associated, evidencing a similar-yet-distinct association of the same magnitude as depression and anxiety. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that inhibitory self-control uniquely predicted less recidivism and substance dependence, and better community adjustment. Initiatory self-control uniquely predicted less recidivism and better community adjustment. As expected, inhibitory self-control was a significantly better predictor of substance dependence than initiatory self-control. Discussion: These results have theoretical implications for the measurement of self-control and practical implications for the prediction of impactful post-incarceration behaviors and more precise interventions targeting specific self-control deficits.
MÉTODOS DE AVALIAÇÃO ANTIMICROBIANA DE EXTRATOS DE DIFERENTES VARIEDADES DE Olea europaea L.: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: De Almeida Martins Otávia , Kutscher Ripoll Márcia , Bressan Waller Stefanie , Da Gama Osório Luiza , Reis Gomes Angelita , Osório de Faria Renata , Carlos Araújo Meireles Mário , Braga de Mello João Roberto
Published: October 2022

A oliveira (Olea europaea) é uma árvore característica da Região Mediterrânea, conhecida mundialmente pelo seu fruto, a azeitona. É um dos cultivos mais antigos, principalmente devido a fácil adaptação às adversidades ambientais. No estado do Rio Grande do Sul, seu cultivo teve início em 1948 e vem apresentando grande destaque. Entre outros compostos produzidos pela oliveira, os fenólicos, especialmente os polifenóis hidroxitirosol e a oleuropeína, demonstraram ação antimicrobiana in vitro, porém existem poucos relatos sobre a atividade antifúngica. O objetivo desta revisão foi relatar a atividade antimicrobiana de O. europaea e comparar os resultados dos testes realizados com as distintas variedades e extratos. Foram selecionados onze trabalhos publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2018. Os experimentos avaliados neste estudo permitiram concluir que os diferentes extratos da oliveira, preparados através de uma extração simples, apresentaram uma satisfatória atividade antimicrobiana in vitro. A variedade Arbequina e o método de difusão em ágar foram os mais utilizados nos experimentos analisados. Os extratos da oliveira têm demonstrado resultados promissores relacionados a efeitos anti-inflamatórios, antioxidantes e antimicrobianos. Estudos in vivo são necessários para confirmar a atividade terapêutica dos diversos compostos da árvore.
ANÁLISE MICROBIOLÓGICA EM OSTRAS (Bivalvia, Ostreidae) DE AMBIENTE NATURAL EM LAGUNA, SANTA CATARINA, BRASIL
Authors: Silvestre Nuernberg Samuel , Marinho de Quadros Rosileia , Tietz Marques Sandra Márcia , De Aguiar Boff Larissa , De Lima Miguel Rafael
Published: October 2022

Os bivalves constituem estoques naturais de recursos renováveis que dependem de um ecossistema em equilíbrio. Alimentam-se principalmente de microrganismos presentes na água, como são organismos filtradores, concentram em seus tecidos, sobretudo nas brânquias, materiais de diversas naturezas, desde substâncias químicas a contaminantes, por esse motivo são considerados bioindicadores da qualidade da água. Durante o período de novembro de 2020 a junho de 2021, 103 ostras foram coletadas manualmente, em ambiente natural, na Ponta da Barra, Lagoa do Noca, na cidade de Laguna, litoral sul do estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. As brânquias foram retiradas, submetidas em meios de cultura para crescimento e identificação de microrganismos. Treze espécies de bactérias indicadoras da presença de coliformes foram identificadas em 73,79% (76/103) das amostras. As mais prevalentes foram Escherichia coli, Citrobacter koseri, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Proteus mirabilis, com percentuais de 21,05%, 13,16%, 13,16% e 11,84%, respectivamente. A presença desses microrganismos em ambientes aquáticos pode levar ao aparecimento de doenças transmitidas de forma direta, pela ingestão dos agentes patogênicos, ou indireta, pela ingestão de toxinas bacterianas. Dessa forma, levam perigos às espécies de níveis tróficos superiores, como também ao ser humano, representando um grave risco à saúde pública.
BASELINE DATA ON HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS FOR THE USE OF WILD JUVENILE BROAD-SNOUTED CAIMAN (Caiman latirostris) AS BIOINDICATORS IN ATLANTIC FOREST, SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL
Authors: Cardoso Nóbrega Yhuri , Curbani Flávio , Paulino Alvarenga Fernando , Quadros de Menezes Paulo , Targino da Silva Thassiane , Abreu da Fonseca Leandro , De Deus Santos Marcelo Renan , Srbek-Araujo Ana Carolina
Published: October 2022

Crocodilians are considered as good indicators of ecosystem health since environmental conditions will influence them at individual (body condition and health parameters) and populational levels (population dynamics and behavior). Despite that, there are few attempts to use crocodilians as bioindicators and the lack of baseline health parameters is an impediment to this. Here, hematological and biochemical reference values for free-ranging Caiman latirostris (broad-snouted caiman) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, one of the most threatened biomes in the world, are proposed. Young caiman are more sensitive to environmental variations, besides being more abundant and more easily captured, when compared to adults, which facilitates their use as bioindicators. Furthermore, problems that affect young caimans may represent future population problems. The data obtained is an important tool in assessing the health of free-living populations, contributing to the use of C. latirostris as a bioindicator of health in the Atlantic Forest aquatic ecosystem.
Whole-Brain Propagation Delays in Multiple Sclerosis, a Combined Tractography-Magnetoencephalography Study
Authors: Sorrentino P. , Petkoski S. , Sparaco M. , Troisi Lopez E. , Signoriello E. , Baselice F. , Bonavita S. , Pirozzi M.A. , Quarantelli M. , Sorrentino G. , Jirsa V.
Published: October 2022

Two structurally connected brain regions are more likely to interact, with the lengths of the structural bundles, their widths, myelination, and the topology of the structural connectome influencing the timing of the interactions. We introduce anin vivoapproach for measuring functional delays across the whole brain in humans (of either sex) using magneto/electroencephalography (MEG/EEG) and integrating them with the structural bundles. The resulting topochronic map of the functional delays/velocities shows that larger bundles have faster velocities. We estimated the topochronic map in multiple sclerosis patients, who have damaged myelin sheaths, and controls, demonstrating greater delays in patients across the network and that structurally lesioned tracts were slowed down more than unaffected ones. We provide a novel framework for estimating functional transmission delaysin vivoat the single-subject and single-tract level.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis article provides a straightforward way to estimate patient-specific delays and conduction velocities in the CNS, at the individual level, in healthy and diseased subjects. To do so, it uses a principled way to merge magnetoencephalography (MEG)/electroencephalography (EEG) and tractography.
Authoritarian Hegemonic Masculinities and Gendered Rhetorics of the Protest
Authors: Grančayová Michaela , Kazharski Aliaksei
Published: October 2022

This article uses the gender perspective to compare the 2020 Belarus protests and the Arab Spring and its aftermath in Egypt (2011–13). It argues that in both cases authoritarian militarized hegemonic masculinities, articulated through authoritarian body politics, attempted to suppress the protest movements. The latter, in turn, drew on a number of gendered images and symbols to perform its counter-hegemonic practices of resistance. The study employs discourse analysis and visual analysis methods and draws on a broad selection of data from Egyptian and Belarusian online newspapers and social media for the respective periods. The article concludes that, despite historical and cultural differences between the two countries, there are notable similarities in the ways gender is politicized and performed by both the regimes and the protest movements. These findings suggest a close connection between authoritarianism and militarized hegemonic masculinities, which can be established cross-regionally and cross-culturally.
Fallstricke der linearen Regression am Beispiel der langfristigen Aktienmarktprognose
Authors: Hillebrand Dietmar , Foos Christian
Published: October 2022

Die statistische Inferenz in der linearen Regressionsanalyse ist an verschiedene Annahmen gebunden. Insbesondere bei Zeitreihen sind diese häufig verletzt. Am Beispiel der langfristigen Prognose von Aktienmärkten mit Hilfe des von Robert Shiller eingeführten zyklisch angepassten Kurs-Gewinn-Verhältnisses (CAPE) wird aufgezeigt, wie eine unüberlegte Anwendung der Regressionsanalyse zu falschen Schlussfolgerungen führen kann. Für den Fall von heteroskedastischen und autokorrelierten Fehlern werden die Standardfehler nach dem Verfahren von Newey/West berechnet, welche auch in dieser Situation statistische Tests über die Regressionsparameter erlauben.
Die Befragung als Instrument in der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit
Authors: Lehmann Günter
Published: October 2022

Die Befragung ist in Master-, Diplom- und Bachelorarbeiten ein oft benutztes Instrument der empirischen Forschung. Sie hilft beim Gewinnen und Prüfen von Hypothesen, beim Beantworten von Forschungsfragen oder beim Absichern von Erkenntnissen. Mit Hilfe des strukturierten Fragebogens in Schriftform oder des Interviewleitfadens werden Daten erhoben. Die dabei gewonnenen Aussagen erheben häufig den Anspruch der Repräsentation einer definierten Grundgesamtheit. Oft scheitern sie aber am kritischen Prüfstein des Gutachters bzw. Lesers der Arbeit. Fehler beim Bestimmen der Grundgesamtheit, beim Bilden der Stichprobe oder beim Aufbau des Fragebogens können die Aussagekraft der Ergebnisse mindern. Der vorliegende Text möchte deshalb Empfehlungen für die Arbeit mit einem strukturierten schriftlichen Fragebogen geben, um die Erfolgschancen zu erhöhen.
I’m not that Shallow – Different Zooplankton Abundance but Similar Community Composition Between Habitats in the San Francisco Estuary
Authors:   California Department of Water Resources, Hartman Rosemary , Barros Arthur ,   California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Avila Michelle ,   California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Bowles Christy ,   California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Ellis Dan ,   California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Tempel Trishelle ,   California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sherman Stacy ,   California Department of Fish and Wildlife
Published: October 2022

Wetland restoration is a key management tool for increasing food availability for at-risk fishes in the San Francisco Estuary. To characterize the benefits of restoration sites, it is critical to quantify the abundance and composition of fish food resources in and near the wetlands. Characterization of zooplankton communities is considered particularly important, but accurate analysis of zooplankton samples is time-consuming and expensive. The recently established Fish Restoration Program (FRP) Monitoring Team assessed whether data from existing long-term monitoring surveys could be used to characterize shallow-water zooplankton communities before restoration. During the springs of 2017 to 2019, the FRP collected zooplankton samples near the mouth of tidal wetland sites, or immediately outside future restoration sites, and compared them to concurrent samples collected in deep water by existing long-term monitoring surveys. We found very few differences in community composition between shallow and deep samples, though a few taxa were more abundant in shallow water. Seasonal and interannual differences in composition and abundance showed that restoration sites provide varying food resources over time. There was significantly higher total abundance of zooplankton in deep versus shallow water, which may be a result of differences in zooplankton production, migration, or fish predation. Inconsistencies in towing speed and gear type may also be driving this result, rather than true habitat differences. This study indicates that monitoring of wetland restoration sites must rely on multiple years of data collected on the site—rather than relying on adjacent open-water sampling—and should include monitoring of epiphytic and epibenthic invertebrates as well as zooplankton.
TECNOLOGIAS, EDUCACIÓN VENEZOLANA, AUTOMATISMOS Y CRECIENTE VIRTUALIDAD: MATICES DE UNA NUEVA ERA
Authors: Briceño-Montilla Luis Alfonso , Barrios-Uzcátegui Roselia C. , Barrios-Uzcátegui Roselia C.
Published: October 2022

Las tecnologías digitales y el universo de la red ofrecen un aporte informacional, dinámico, interactivo y pragmático inconmensurable. Sin embargo, también constituyen una amenaza a nivel social, cognitivo, económico, político, psíquico y académico, capaz de posicionar tal lógica al sector pedagógico. Así, la inteligencia artificial, algoritmos y Big Data, han comenzado a demostrar el gran poder que dichas tecnologías ostentan, en una sociedad cada día más orientada hacia automatismos, presencia de dispositivos inteligentes y conexiones entre los sujetos y las cosas. Por ello, el propósito de estas reflexiones interpretativas (analógicamente) gira en torno a la configuración que supone un renovado híbrido educativo, particularmente dentro del contexto venezolano, sumado al fenómeno de la automatización y las tecnologías inteligentes, debido al impacto global de la pandemia Covid-19 y sus repercusiones.
Efecto de los incendios sobre la cobertura vegetal, almacenamiento de carbono y biomasa vegetal en un humedal costero
Authors: Ramirez Dámaso W. , Lértora Gustavo , Vargas Raúl , Aponte Héctor
Published: October 2022

Introducción: Los humedales se encuentran entre los ecosistemas más productivos, pero actualmente están siendo degradados o eliminados a un ritmo acelerado por múltiples actividades antrópicas. En la costa central de Perú, los humedales sufren incendios recurrentes, y los efectos poco estudiados incluyen el nivel de emisiones y el secuestro de carbono por quema. Objetivo: Estimar el carbono en la biomasa aérea afectada por el fuego y el carbono recuperado por la vegetación al cabo de un año. Métodos: Trabajamos en el humedal costero Los Pantanos de Villa (Lima, Perú) y comparamos áreas quemadas (32 cuadrantes, 1 m2) y no afectadas (33 cuadrantes). Resultados: La vegetación afectada fue predominantemente herbácea y dominada por Phragmites australis, Schoenoplectus americanus, Typha dominguensis y Cladium jamaicense. El incendio afectó 1 147.0 t de biomasa vegetal que almacenó 381.8 t de carbono, generando la emisión de 1 397.1 t de CO2 a la atmósfera. Al cabo de un año se había recuperado el 79 % de la cobertura vegetal, pero solo el 26 % de la biomasa vegetal viva y el 12.8 % del carbono contenido en la vegetación. Conclusiones: Los indicadores apropiados de la resiliencia de los humedales al fuego deben considerar que los humedales afectados por el fuego recuperan rápidamente la cobertura vegetal, pero no el almacenamiento de carbono y la biomasa vegetal.
Distribución geográfica de la familia de caracoles terrestres Spiraxidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) en México
Authors: Maldonado-Sánchez César Fabricio , Venegas-Barrera Crystian Sadiel , Horta-Vega Jorge Victor , Rodríguez-Castro Jorge Homero , Correa-Sandoval Alfonso
Published: October 2022

Introducción: Spiraxidae es la familia de gasterópodos terrestres más diversa de México con una distribución principalmente neotropical. Sin embargo, la influencia de las condiciones ambientales de esta región en su distribución aún es poco conocida. Objetivo: Determinar las afinidades zoogeográficas y la influencia de factores ambientales en la distribución de Spiraxidae en México. Métodos: Compilamos registros de distribución de museos y usamos modelos para establecer áreas con composición de especies, concentración de especies, afinidades y relaciones con variables ambientales similares. Resultados: Encontramos 231 especies y subespecies, 96 en el estado de Veracruz y 74 en la Sierra Madre Oriental. La principal afinidad zoogeográfica fue neotropical. El bosque mesófilo de montaña tuvo la mayor cantidad de especies y subespecies (93). Tres de los grupos zonales tienen una composición particular de especies y el 67 % de las especies son especialistas de hábitat. La presencia de especies sigue un gradiente ambiental, con la cubierta de árboles de hoja perenne de hoja ancha y la precipitación media anual como variables determinantes. Las especies del norte tuvieron mayor tolerancia a la aridez y menor cobertura de hojas. Conclusiones: Spiraxidae tiene su mayor diversidad en los estados del Sur de México; sin embargo, la zona nororiental tiene más registros de especies. Estos caracoles se encuentran principalmente en bosques mesófilos de montaña y bosques tropicales siempre verdes. Las especies del norte de México tuvieron una mayor tolerancia a los sitios con poca lluvia y menos cobertura de árboles de hoja perenne de hoja ancha que las especies del sur.
 
Palabras clave: Zoogeografía; riqueza de especies; MaxEnt; análisis multivariados; segregación espacial.
Hematological reference values for Alouatta palliata (Primates: Atelidae) and Cebus imitator (Primates: Cebidae) from the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica
Authors: Chaves Ramírez Andrea , Nuñez Vega Genuar , Arguedas Porras Randall , Bonilla Vargas José , Silva de la Fuente Sandra , Arias-Echandi María , Gutiérrez-Espeleta Gustavo
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Wildlife hematological patterns are fundamental for health monitoring, and allows elucidating variations both within and between populations. Among these, hematological parameters are particularly valuable to evaluate the health status of neotropical primate species in the wild. Objective: To define hematological reference values for two species of monkeys in Costa Rica. Methods: During 2014, we collected blood samples from free-ranging mantled howler monkeys, Alouatta palliata (17 females, 18 males) and white-faced capuchin monkeys, Cebus imitator (5 females, 7 males) in seven localities of the Costa Rican Pacific coast. Results: For both species, the hematological values were higher in males, and howler monkey populations differed significantly except for platelets. Conclusions: These hematological values, which differ by sex and locality, will help evaluate the health status of these neotropical primate populations.
Which variables influence the herbivory amount on Montrichardia spp. (Araceae) in aquatic ecosystems?
Authors: Fares Ana Luisa Biondi , De Carvalho Wendell Vilhena , Michelan Thaisa Sala , Teodoro Grazielle Sales
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The study of herbivory is fundamental in ecology and includes how plants invest in strategies and mechanisms to reduce herbivore damage. However, there is still a lack of information about how the environment, plant density, and functional traits influence herbivory in aquatic ecosystems. Objective: To assess if there is a relationship between herbivory, environmental variables, and plant traits two species of Montrichardia, a neotropical aquatic plant. Methods: In September 2018, we studied 78 specimens of Montrichardia arborescens and 18 of Montrichardia linifera, in 18 sites in Melgaço, Pará, Brazil. On each site, we measured water depth, distance to the margin, and plant density. From plants, we measured plant height and leaf thickness, and photographed the leaves to calculate the specific leaf area and percentage herbivory. To identify anatomical structures, we collected fully expanded leaves from three individuals per quadrat. Results: For M. arborescens, plants with thicker leaves and higher specific leaf area have less herbivore damage. For M. linifera, plants from deeper sites and with thicker leaves had more herbivore damage, while plants that grew farther from the margin had less damage. We found anatomical structures related to defense, such as idioblast cells with phenolic compounds, and cells with solid inclusions that can contribute to avoiding severe damage. Conclusions: Herbivory in these Montrichardia species canbe explained by a combination of plant and environmental traits (patch isolation and water depth). The main plant traits are leaf thickness and area, but chemical compounds and solid inclusions also help Montrichardia to sustain less damage than other macrophytes.
Patterns of vertebrate biodiversity in a tropical dry and mangrove forest matrix
Authors: Yaney-Keller Adam , Santidrián Tomillo Pilar , Jordan Mark A. , Lopez Navas Javier Francisco , Paladino Frank V.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Tropical dry forests and mangroves, two of the world’s most endangered ecosystems, each host a different set of environmental conditions which may support unique assemblages of species. However, few studies have looked at the unique vertebrate biodiversity in regions where both habitats occur side-by-side. Objective: To assess the vertebrate diversity and patterns of habitat usage in a mangrove and tropical dry forest matrix in an unprotected region of Northwestern Costa Rica. Methods: The study was conducted in a 7 km2 matrix of mangrove and tropical dry forests between Cabuyal and Zapotillal bays in Northwestern Costa Rica, South of Santa Rosa National Park. From September 2017 to March 2018, we used 13 automatic camera traps over 1 498 trap days to capture species utilizing the region and assess their patterns of habitat usage both spatially and temporally. Results: Seventy vertebrate species from 42 families in 27 orders were detected, including several globally threatened species. Over half of all species were detected in only one habitat, particularly amongst avian (78 %) and mammalian (42 %) species. Tropical dry forests hosted the greatest number of unique species and supported a greater percentage of herbivores than mangrove or edge habitats, which were dominated by carnivorous and omnivorous species. Mean detections per camera trap of all species increased significantly from the coldest and wettest month (Oct) to the hottest and driest months (Jan & Feb) in tropical dry forests. Sample-based rarefaction analysis revealed that survey length was sufficient to sample the tropical dry forest and edge habitats, though mangroves require further sampling. Conclusions: Taxa found to utilize different forest types may utilize each for different stages of their life cycle, moving between areas as environmental conditions change throughout the year. General patterns of global biodiversity favoring carnivore and omnivore usage of mangrove forests was confirmed in our study.
Impact of plot size on tropical forest structure and diversity estimation
Authors: Silveira Alan Bernardes da , Carvalho Samuel de Padua Chaves e , Nicoletti Marcos Felipe , Silva Carlos Alberto , Drescher Ronaldo , Carvalho Mariana Peres de Lima Chaves e , Madi Joao Paulo Sardo , Topanotti Larissa Regina , Zeviani Walmes Marques , Andrade Valdir Carlos Lima de
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Inventories are essential for forest management, but, in the Amazon region, the absence of standardization produces information loss, low accuracy, and inconsistent measurements. This prevents valid comparisons and compromises the use of information in networks and software. Sampling unit size is of key importance in the inventory of native forests, particularly regarding accuracy and costs. Objective: To identify a plot size that provides adequate precision for dendrometric parameters in the Amazon. Methods: In Cotriguaçu, Mato Grosso, Brazil, we tested four plot sizes with six repetitions each: 2 500, 5 000, 7 500, and 10 000 m². We measured diameter at breast height, population density, basal area, and biomass. We applied Shannon and Jaccard indexes; Weibull 2P and Gamma functions to fit the diametric distribution; and the Akaike Information Criterion for the best model. Results: There was a directly proportional relationship between plot area and population similarity, but diversity did not indicate significant alterations. Plot size did not affect dendrometric attributes and diametric distribution. Larger plot areas led to lower coefficients of variation and smaller confidence intervals. The Gamma function was the best model to represent the distributions of different plot sizes. Conclusions: For similar forests, we recommend the 2 500 m² plot to evaluate diameter at breast height, population density, basal area, and biomass.
Disponibilidad y utilización de los recursos poliníferos por Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) en el este de las Yungas de Jujuy (Argentina)
Authors: Méndez Magali Verónica , Sánchez Ana Carina , Lupo Liliana Concepción
Published: October 2022

Introducción: El conocimiento de la riqueza vegetal y la estacionalidad alrededor de los apiarios de Apis mellifera es una herramienta de planificación indispensable para los apicultores. Debe incluir la disponibilidad de recursos, las preferencias alimenticias y el comportamiento de búsqueda de alimento. Dicha información no está disponible para las Yungas argentinas, uno de los ecosistemas forestales más estacionales de América del Sur. Objetivo: Evaluar la disponibilidad de recursos tróficos a través de un calendario de floración y su relación con las cargas de polen de A. mellifera en las Yungas. Métodos: En El Fuerte, Jujuy, recolectamos muestras mensuales de septiembre a marzo (2014-2015 y 2015-2016) utilizando trampas de polen. Utilizamos técnicas estandarizadas para los análisis palinológicos e índices de asociación para el uso de recursos. Las fenofases fueron Inicio de floración, Plena floración y Fin de floración. Resultados: Se identificaron 47 especímenes botánicos a nivel de especie y 9 a nivel de género. En ambos períodos hubo una oferta moderada de flores al inicio de la primavera, representada igualmente por plantas arbustivas y herbáceas, con un pico de floración en noviembre. Posteriormente, hubo una caída en la disponibilidad, con un pico de floración nuevamente al final de la temporada. En cinco especies de plantas hubo una asociación de media a alta entre la especie vegetal disponible y la presencia de ésta en el espectro polínico de la muestra de polen corbicular recolectada (Vachellia aroma, Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Cantinoa sp., Vernonanthura sp. y Zanthoxylum coco). Conclusión: En esta región hay una oferta moderada de flores de plantas arbustivas y herbáceas a principios de la primavera, con un pico de floración en noviembre y al final de la temporada. Solo cinco, de casi 50 especies de plantas, muestran una asociación de disponibilidad y uso por parte de las abejas.
Dinámica espacio-temporal de la pesquería artesanal en el Golfo de Santa Elena, Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica (2010-2019)
Authors: Farías-Tafolla Beatriz , Arias-Zumbado Fausto , Chaves-Zamora Isaac , Alvarado-Ruiz Carlos , Espinoza Mario
Published: October 2022

Introducción: El Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica es una región diversa y productiva; sin embargo, tenemos un escaso conocimiento sobre el estado de los recursos marinos y la dinámica pesquera, particularmente de la pesca artesanal en el Golfo de Santa Elena, uno de los principales caladeros de la zona. Objetivo: Caracterizar la dinámica de esta pesquería. Métodos: Se analizaron los datos recopilados por el Instituto Costarricense de Pesca y Acuicultura y las facturas pesqueras de los sitios de desembarque para el período 2010-2019. Resultados: Hubo una alta variación en la biomasa desembarcada, sin embargo, la captura total por unidad de esfuerzo (CPUE; kg/día) y de las principales especies objetivo no disminuyó significativamente. En general, hubo una CPUE más baja en los meses de surgencia (diciembre-abril). De las 42 especies comerciales reportadas, la mayor biomasa provino del pargo mancha (Lutjanus guttatus; 22 % de la biomasa), el pargo seda (L. peru; 18 %), las cabrillas (Epinephelus spp.; 15 %) y el pulpo (Octopus spp., 13 %). Conclusiones: La CPUE en Santa Elena no ha disminuido significativamente de 2010 a 2019, pero disminuye en la época de surgencia.
Effects of habitat loss on three insect assemblages in modified ecosystems of foothills of the Colombian Orinoquia
Authors: Carvajal-Cogollo Juan E. , Martínez David Camilo
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The effects of habitat transformation have been widely studied and the effects are well-known at different levels of biological organization. However, few studies have focused on responses to this process at the level of multiple taxa in diverse taxonomic and functional groups. Objective: To determine variations in insect assemblages in a landscape mosaic of Colombian Orinoquia foothills. Methods: We assessed amount of natural habitat and landscape composition in four types of vegetation of Colombian foothills in the Orinoquia region (three each on the highest and lowest rain periods). We collected butterflies with hand nets and used baited pitfall traps for dung beetles and ants. Results: Precipitation caused species turnover to different degrees in the three taxa; and connectivity between different types of plant cover, amount of natural habitat, and pasture type play a fundamental role in the maintenance of insect biodiversity in modified ecosystems of the foothills of the Colombian Orinoquia. However, the assemblages responded differently to habitat change. Conclusions: While connectivity, natural habitat, and pastures affect insect assemblages, the lack of a common pattern shows that several insect groups must be studied for monitoring biodiversity and for conservation.
First pages - Presentation - Dedication
Authors: Aguilar Mora Sergio
Published: October 2022

Our journal publishes scientific articles that increase our understanding of biology, conservation, and biomedical life sciences in the tropics. Selection criteria are the quantity and quality of new information and its potential interest to the general audience as well as to specialists. The studied ecosystems, or at least the organisms, must be tropical.
Proporción sexual y hermafroditismo del molusco, Anadara tuberculosa (Bivalvia: Arcidae) en Panamá
Authors: Robles P. Yolani A. , Vega Angel Javier , Diaz Leysi del Carmen
Published: October 2022

Introducción: El bivalvo Anadara tuberculosa es un recurso pesquero y económico importante en el Pacífico Este Tropical. La proporción sexual varia a lo largo de su área de distribución, con casos de aparición de hermafroditismo, ocasional para algunas poblaciones, normal en otras. Estas características podrían ser una respuesta a presiones antropogénicas y ambientales. Objetivo: Evaluar la proporción sexual y el hermafroditismo en la especie en el Pacífico de Panamá. Métodos: Se analizó información reproductiva de A. tuberculosa generada entre 1994 y 2020 para el Golfo de Montijo, así como datos de 2017 para el manglar de David. Se aplicaron procedimientos macroscópicos, contrastados con histológicos y se generó un factor de corrección para ajustar la proporción sexual macroscópica, debido al efecto, sobre la proporción sexual, que ocasiona los organismos indeterminados. Resultados: Para el Golfo de Montijo, la histología indicó una proporción sexual hembra a macho de 1:1 hasta 3.2:1, entre 1994 y 2017, mientras que la macroscopía varió de 1.9:1 a 5.1:1 entre 2004 y 2020. Para el manglar de David, la histología indicó una proporción sexual de 3.7:1, y de 7.9:1 por macroscopía en el 2017. En ambas localidades, especímenes más grandes mostraron mayor variación en la proporción sexual, pese a la técnica implementada, así como hermafroditismo protándrico no casual en el 2017. Conclusiones: La aparición del hermafroditismo protándrico y los cambios en la proporción sexual indican que la población de A. tuberculosa, en ambas localidades, está respondiendo a presiones antropogénicas y ambientales.
Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection and parasite DNA in free-range chickens in Aguascalientes, Mexico
Authors: Aguilar-Marín Juan , Cruz-Vázquez Carlos , Vitela-Mendoza Irene , Medina-Esparza Leticia , De Velasco-Reyes Isabel , Ramos-Parra Miguel
Published: October 2022

The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in free-range chickens in Aguascalientes, Mexico, its association with certain risk factors, and the frequency of parasite DNA in the heart. Eighty-one small rural family farms were included, and blood and heart samples were taken from 150 clinically healthy, adult, free-range chickens. Serum samples were processed by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test considering a dilution of 1:16 as a positive reaction, while the DNA detection was done by PCR. The correlation between the presence of antibodies and the potential risk factors was estimated with logistic regression. The overall seroprevalence in the examined populations was 67%, with a range from 33% to 100% among municipalities, and 78% of the farms having at least one seropositive bird. The PCR test identified the presence of parasite DNA for one case only. Among the variables, the presence of cats and the presence of other animal species on the farm were the ones that had the highest values, while the presence of feral cats and the presence of noxious fauna were also identified as potential risk factors. The results indicate high soil contamination by T. gondii oocysts, which implies the active role of cats living on the farms.
Unamuno corrige a Ortega y Gasset
Authors: Abad Francisco
Published: October 2022

El artículo supone una pequeña aportación a la historia de las ideas y de las letras españolas en nuestra centuria. Se rehace, aunque sea esquemáticamente, el circuito discursivo que arranca en Aristóteles, contra cuyo realismo reaccionaba el idealismo cartesiano. A su vez, Ortega y Gasset propone una idea vitalista contraria a ese idealismo y Unamuno aportaba una idea biológico-psicológica de lo humano que iba más a la raíz de los hechos y la realidad que Ortega. El cuadro se completa con la alusión a autores actuales que entroncan con la línea de Unamuno.
Una imagen distorsionada de Europa: Miguel Hernández y su viaje a la Unión Soviética
Authors: Cano-Ballesta Juan
Published: October 2022

El autor interpreta, en el seno de las circunstancias vitales y temporales que vivía el poeta, los escritos que realizó durante su viaje a la Unión Soviética en el verano de 1937 para participar en el V Festival de Teatro Soviético. El viaje está marcado por la trágica situación que atravesaba España, y su visión de Rusia se ve mediatizada por la amistad, la solidaridad y los gestos de apoyo al país.
El comentario lingüístico de textos periodísticos (II): lingüística y retórica del artículo editorial
Authors: Casado-Velarde Manuel
Published: October 2022

El artículo analiza por extenso el editorial titulado “La tragedia de Líbano”, La Vanguardia, Barcelona, 9 de agosto de 1972, centrándose en el discurso interpretativo y valorativo, la sintaxis argumentativa, la determinación del tema: áreas lexicosemánticas, deixis y presuposición de conocimiento previo o la estructura argumental, para ofrecer unas conclusiones finales del mismo.