bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Spectrum of Ocular Manifestations among Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Jain Apoorva , Sen Snigdha , Bhadauria Dharmendra Singh , Jain Anu , Imchen Merensoba T.
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

The study aims to report various ocular manifestations among renal transplant recipients.

Methods:

The cross-sectional study was conducted on renal transplant patients, with at least 4 months of posttransplant duration, attending a nephrology clinic. A comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation was performed to record various ocular manifestations. The statistical association between ocular findings and pretransplant as well as posttransplant duration was assessed.

Results:

One hundred and twenty-three eyes of 62 patients, with a mean age of 37.6 ± 8.2 years and functional graft, were included in the study. Diabetic nephropathy was found to be the most common underlying cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and renal transplant. Hypertensive retinopathy (37.4%) was found to be the most frequent ophthalmic manifestation, followed by diabetic retinopathy (24.39%), dry eye (22.76%), cataract (18.69%), and change in refractive error (17.89%). The occurrence of hypertensive retinopathy and refractive power change was found to be significantly associated with pretransplant dialysis duration. In contrast, concerning the posttransplant period, the frequency of all the major ocular manifestations, except the dry eye, was observed to be statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Patients with ESRD and renal transplant should be advised to undergo regular comprehensive eye examinations. Many ocular manifestations are preventable and/or treatable, thus interdisciplinary partnership between nephrologists and ophthalmologists is warranted to improve vision and quality of life in transplant recipients.
A Descriptive Study on the Morphometric Aspects of the Articular Facets for the Talus in the Human Calcanei
Authors: Bhandare Vrushali Sachin , Methepatil Supriya Sarjerao
Published: March 2024

Background:

Subtalar joints stability is greatly dependent on the facets on the calcaneus for talus articulation. Understanding the various variances in these features will help clinicians develop a more effective and individualized strategy that will yield the greatest outcomes. Our study aimed to examine the morphometry and morphology of the articular facets for the talus on the calcanei in humans.

Methodology:

In the present descriptive study, an analysis was conducted on 300 calcanei, dry bones of human adults of undetermined sex and age. The facet on every calcaneus for articulation with the talus was studied meticulously. Statistical analysis was done to determine the percentage and P value.

Results:

In the present study out of 300 calcanei studied, type IB with a nonconstricted articular facet pattern was found in 49.67% of calcanei, followed by type I A with a constricted articular facet present in 27% of calcanei. This was followed by type IIA in 14% of calcanei, type IIB in 5.67% of calcanei, type II C was found in only 0.67% of calcanei, type III was found in 2.33% of calcanei, and Types IV and V were found in 0.33%.

Conclusion:

This research elucidates the interrelationship among the articular facets of the talus and its clinical implications. Identifying distinct facet types is crucial for implementing suitable interventions to prevent injuries and ensure optimal joint function. Understanding the morphometric characteristics of these facets will undoubtedly aid orthopedic surgeons in managing disorders of the ankle and subtalar joints effectively.
An Observational Study on Factors Causing Variable Response to Therapeutic Doses of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Acute Immune-Mediated Polyneuropathy: A Tertiary Care Center Experience
Authors: Quazi Zuber Ali , Sardana Vijay , Maheshwari Dilip , Bhushan Bharat
Published: March 2024

Context:

Immune-mediated neuropathies, notably Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) and its subtypes, exhibit diverse clinical presentations. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a standard treatment for these conditions, but the variable clinical course complicates outcome prediction. Despite standard IVIG dosing, some patients continue to deteriorate.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the factors responsible for variable response to therapeutic doses of immunoglobulins in acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy.

Settings and Design:

This was a prospective, observational study.

Materials and Methods:

Acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy cases within 14 days of symptom onset and receiving IVIG were recruited. Hughes disability score (HDS), modified Erasmus GBS outcome score (mEGOS), and modified Rankin score (mRS) were assessed before IVIG, immediately after IVIG, and 4 weeks thereafter.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Categorical variables are expressed as percentages, and continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Relationships between parameters were assessed using analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of covariance. Correlations were measured using Pearson’s correlation, and proportions were compared using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test.

Results:

Among 60 GBS patients, the median age was 38 years, with upper respiratory tract infection as the most common antecedent infection (60%). The most common variant was pure motor type, while demyelinating (88.33%) was the most common electrophysiological subtype. Outcome correlated with post-IVIG scores of HDS and mRS. Linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between onset-to-treatment duration and HDS and mEGOS scores after 4 weeks of IVIG, while mRS showed minimal correlation. No significant correlations were found between antecedent infection, gender, nerve conduction study pattern, GBS variant, and scores of HDS, mEGOS, and mRS.

Conclusions:

The study highlights the significance of onset-to-treatment duration. Factors with unfavorable course were age, delay in receiving IVIG, respiratory involvement, dysautonomia, cranial nerve involvement, and those with higher mEGOS scores at the 7th day of admission. Seasonal trends should not be overlooked. Serial evaluation of disability scores can predict the varying response to IVIG.
The Role of Androgen Receptors in Mediation of Nandrolone Effects on Spatial Memory and Neuronal Response of Pyramidal Neurons in the Hippocampal CA1 Area
Authors: Rezakhani Leila , Zarei Fatemeh , Khazaei Mozafar , Moradpour Farshad , Salimi Zahra
Published: March 2024

Background:

Previously we have reported that intracerebroventricular microinjection of nandrolone decanoate (ND) improves spatial memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity, but the underlying mechanism has not been clearly evaluated. The aim of this study was evaluated the role of androgen receptors (ARs) in the mediation of ND effects on spatial memory and neuronal response of pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA1 area.

Materials and Methods:

In the current study, the rats were divided into four groups: the control group received DMSO, while other experimental groups received ND (60 μg/2.5 μL), nilutamide (5 μg/2.5 μL), and co-administration of nilutamide (5 μg/2.5 μL) + ND (60 μg/2.5 μL) for 4 days. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated through the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Moreover, we test the electrophysiological properties of hippocampal plasticity by in vitro field potential recordings. In electrophysiological investigations, the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) and population spikes were recorded from the hippocampal slices taken from different groups.

Results:

At the behavioral level, our studies exhibited that escape latency and traveled distance in ND-treated rats significantly decreased during the MWM test’s training period, whereas administration of nilutamide before ND had no significant effect on escape latency and traveled distance in the MWM task. Furthermore, the results of field potential recording showed that the magnitude of fEPSP-long-term potentiation (LTP) of the ND-treated group was higher than the control group, while preadministration of nilutamide abolished the ND improvement effect on the magnitude of fEPSP-LTP.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that the administration of ND induces improvement in spatial memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity through activation of central ARs.
Visual outcome of methanol toxic optic neuropathy after erythropoietin treatment in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrobaian Malek , Alkhuraiji Arwa , Almohanna Rema , Alshehri Mohammed , Alyahya Bader
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the visual response of methanol-induced optic neuropathy to management with erythropoietin (EPO) along with conventional therapy.

METHODS:

This retrospective case series examines the ophthalmological data of patients diagnosed with methanol-induced optic neuropathy between 2020 and 2021 at two centers, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Patients’ characteristics and the results of initial and final ophthalmological examinations were documented and compared between patients who received EPO in addition to conventional management and those who received only conventional management.

RESULTS:

A total of nine cases were reviewed, of which eight (88.9%) were males and one was female (11.1%). The mean age was 37.7 years. At presentation, funduscopic examination revealed optic disc edema in four eyes (two patients), and 14 eyes had normal appearance (seven patients). Among the nine patients who received conventional management, 5 (55.6%) additionally received intravenous EPO during the treatment course. There was no clinically or statistically significant difference in terms of visual outcome between the two groups. The mean visual acuity at the final presentation was 1.32 ± 0.79 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) in the EPO group and 1.36 ± 0.85 LogMAR in the non-EPO group. Optical coherence tomography indicated that the EPO group had an average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of 48.13μm (±6.2), at the final assessment.

CONCLUSION:

Managing the visual impairments in individuals with methanol-induced optic neuropathy using intravenous EPO resulted in similar final visual outcomes compared to conventional management.
Assessment of refractive outcomes in eyes that underwent intraocular lens implantation in the posterior chamber but not “in-the-capsular bag:” A comparative retrospective study
Authors: Bin Helayel Halah , Balbaid Nasser T. , Fairaq Rafah , Bin Dakhil Turki A. , Al-Blowi Mohammed , Al-Swailem Samar A. , Khandekar Rajiv , AlMutlak Mohammed
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study was to report visual and refractive outcomes in eyes that underwent intraocular lens (IOL) fixation in the absence of capsular support.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective chart review of cases undergoing posterior chamber iris-fixated IOL (IFIOL) and scleral-fixated IOL (SFIOL) implants from June 2014 to March 2020 with more than 3 months of follow-up and having a preoperative best-corrected visual acuity of 20/80 and more.

RESULTS:

Records of 120 eyes of 112 patients were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 46.9 ± 22.3 (14.4–98.0) years, and 62% (n = 70) of participants were male. Most of the eyes (102: 85%) were aphakic at the time of surgery. The mean follow-up was 22.95 ± 17.1 months. The efficacy index of sutured IFIOL and glued SFIOL outperformed sutured SFIOL at 3 months and final visits postoperatively (P < 0.001). All techniques studied here resulted in a similar safety index at 3 months (P = 0.4). The mean predictive error (postoperative spherical equivalent refraction minus intended target refraction) was +0.07 ± 1.5 D and −0.12 ± 1.4 D at 3 months and the final postoperative visit, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

The studied techniques have relatively good visual and refractive outcomes in this series. In addition, techniques involving a small corneal incision with foldable IOL fixation to the iris or scleral tissue have superior efficacy and safety indices compared to creating large corneoscleral wounds for rigid IOL fixation techniques.
Comparative assessment of the corneal endothelium following phacoemulsification surgery in patients with type II diabetes and nondiabetes
Authors: Akansha  , Yadav Ramyash S.
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose is to assess the corneal endothelial changes after phacoemulsification surgery in diabetic patients and compare with those of nondiabetic subjects.

METHODS:

The study compared the corneal endothelial changes in diabetics and nondiabetics after phacoemulsification surgery. The study population included 40 patients with diabetes mellitus with good glycemic control and 40 nondiabetic patients who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification surgery. Central corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), central corneal thickness (CCT), and percentage of hexagonality percentage coefficient of variation (%CV) were measured preoperatively and postoperatively (at 4 and 12 weeks) using a specular microscope.

RESULTS:

Mean ECD loss (%) was measured as 9.85% and 8.41% at 4 weeks and 12 weeks postoperatively in the diabetic group while ECD loss percentage was 7.09% and 5.74% in the control group at the same time intervals, respectively. Furthermore, a significant difference was noted on comparing mean ECD measurements between the two groups at the postsurgical visits (4 weeks and 12 weeks). While the CCT was found to be similar in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients, increase was observed in the values of (%CV in both the groups at postoperative 4 weeks’ and 12 weeks’ follow-up. The values of both %CV and percentage hexagonality showed statistically significant differences between the diabetic and nondiabetic group before surgery and at 4 weeks’ and 12 weeks’ postoperative examinations.

CONCLUSION:

The patients with diabetes suffered greater endothelial damage despite good glycemic control as compared to nondiabetic patients which indicates the necessity of far more care to protect cornea endothelium in patients with diabetes.
Monoclonal antibodies in neuro-ophthalmology
Authors: Keehn Caroline C. , Yazdian Arman , Hunt Patrick J. , Davila-Siliezar Pamela , Laylani Noor A. , Lee Andrew G.
Published: March 2024

Neuro-ophthalmologic diseases include a broad range of disorders affecting the afferent and efferent visual pathways. Recently, monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies have emerged as a promising targeted approach in the management of several of these complex conditions. Here, we describe the mechanism-specific applications and advancements in neuro-ophthalmologic mAb therapies. The application of mAbs in neuro-ophthalmologic diseases highlights our increasing understanding of disease-specific mechanisms in autoimmune conditions such as neuromyelitis optica, thyroid eye disease, and myasthenia gravis. Due to the specificity of mAb therapies, applications in neuro-ophthalmologic diseases have yielded exceptional clinical outcomes, including both reduced rate of relapse and progression to disability, visual function preservation, and quality of life improvement. These advancements have not only expanded the range of treatable neuro-ophthalmologic diseases but also reduced adverse events and increased the response rate to treatment. Further research into neuro-ophthalmologic disease mechanisms will provide accurate and specific targeting of important disease mediators through applications of future mAbs. As our understanding of these diseases and the relevant therapeutic targets evolve, we will continue to build on our understanding of how mAbs interfere with disease pathogenesis, and how these changes improve clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients.
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia following radial artery cardiac catheterization approach: An unusual presentation
Authors: Daryabari Seyed H. , Mosavi Seyed A. , Sharoubandi Seyed H. , Zarei Hooman
Published: March 2024

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) may happen following percutaneous coronary intervention and angiography. However, no reports of INO during radial artery angioplasty were reported yet. We report a rare case in a 47-year-old man presenting with diplopia after radial artery angioplasty. Although the symptoms were resolved after 60 days, diagnosing this obstacle is necessary to reduce the patient and physician’s anxiety.
Clinical profile of amblyopia in a tertiary care facility without proper vision screening in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alfreihi Shatha , Alsoby Rana , Haimed Latifah Abu , Asiri Omar , Meeli Mohammed A.
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the clinical profile of amblyopia among patients referred to a tertiary care facility in Saudi Arabia.

METHODS:

All patients between 1 and 14 years presenting to the amblyopia clinic from 2016 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Amblyopia was defined as visual acuity <0.2 LogMAR (20/30) in the worse eye or two-line difference between the two eyes. We classified patients into strabismic, refractive, mixed strabismic, and refractive and deprivation amblyopia. We subclassified our cohort according to age (< and ≥5 years).

RESULTS:

Three hundred and eighty-three patients (199 male 54%) were seen in our clinic. Seventeen patients were excluded because they did not meet our inclusion criteria. The mean age at presentation was 5.05 ± 2.49 years. Strabismic amblyopia was found in 180 (49%), refractive in 101 (27.6%), mixed in 69 (19%), and deprivation in 16 (4.2%). Anisometropia in 85.25% and isometropia in 14.75%. Hyperopic astigmatism was the most common refractive error in 246 (67.2%). Esotropia was the most common deviation (90%). Strabismic amblyopia was significantly higher in the <5 years group (62.4% vs. 36.7%). While refractive amblyopia was significantly higher in ≥5 years group (38.8% vs. 15.7%) (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

Strabismic amblyopia was the most commonly diagnosed in our cohort, especially among patients <5 years of age. Refractive amblyopia was more common in older patients and may be under-detected due to the lack of proper vision screening. The implementation of proper vision screening should help in early detection and successful treatment at an early age.
Patients' and Surgeon's Perspectives of Second Eye Phacoemulsification Under Augmented Topical Anaesthesia
Authors: Ramakrishna Swati , Vindya K. M , Dharwadkar Sandhya
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

To compare patient's comfort score, pain perception score as perceived by the patient; and patient's anxiety score, cooperation score assessed by the operating surgeon; and duration of surgery of the second eye phacoemulsification under augmented topical anaesthesia with the first eye surgery performed using the same technique, before. Secondary objectives were to find out if these parameters are associated with patient's age, gender, education, or occupation and the time gap between the two-eye surgeries.

Settings and Design:

Prospective, cross-sectional observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital for three months duration.

Methods and Material:

82 patients with visually significant cataract were included in the study. Group A (n= 45) patients underwent phacoemulsification under augmented topical anaesthesia of the first eye and Group B (n= 37) underwent phacoemulsification of the second eye, who had already undergone the first eye surgery using the same technique.

Results:

Mean patient's comfort score 4.595 ± 0.4977, cooperation score 4.784 ± 0.4173, and duration of surgery 10.892 ± 1.2424 were higher in group B; whereas pain perception score 0.756 ± 0.7733 and patient's anxiety score 0.378 ± 0.5756 were higher in group A when the groups were compared.

Conclusions:

There were no statistically significant differences in patients' comfort, pain perception score, patient's anxiety, cooperation score, and duration of surgery of the first and the second eye phacoemulsification under augmented topical anaesthesia. These scores were not significantly associated with age, gender, education, occupation, or the time gap between the first and the second eye surgeries.
Multifocal Ocular Haemorrhages Secondary to COVID-19-related Immune Thrombocytopenia—Report of a Rare Case
Authors: Divya K. , Raghuram A. , Padmanaban S. , Menon Sujaya
Published: March 2024

We report a rare case of subconjunctival, optic nerve head and retinal haemorrhages secondary to immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A previously healthy 17-year-old male presented with a 2-day history of generalized rash, dysphagia and redness of right eye. Physical examination revealed diffuse petechiae, peritonsillar mucosal bleeding and subconjunctival haemorrhage in right eye. Investigations revealed anaemia with severe thrombocytopenia, and patient was COVID-19 positive. Ophthalmic evaluation during hospital course revealed subconjunctival haemorrhage in right eye and extensive haemorrhages over the optic nerve head and retinal nerve fibre layer in both eyes. A diagnosis of subconjunctival and retinal haemorrhages secondary to COVID-19-induced immune thrombocytopenia was made. Patient was managed conservatively, and spontaneous resolution was noted at follow-up. COVID-19-induced ITP can rarely present with ocular manifestations. Systemic treatment and correction of hematologic parameters lead to resolution and a successful outcome.
Raised Intraocular Pressure Secondary to Vitreoretinal Procedures: A Literature Review
Authors: Panda Amita , Panigrahi Pradeep Kumar , Pattnaik Lolly
Published: March 2024

The anatomical proximity of anterior and posterior segment structures and the familiar microcirculatory milieu make both susceptible to arduous complications when either is surgically handled. Because of the complex haemodynamic reciprocity between vitreous, retina, choroid, and aqueous humour, any trivial alteration in one can present a catastrophic consequence in the other. A good number of evidence.based studies have already substantiated that postoperative rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) is a well-recognised complication after vitreoretinal surgeries like scleral buckling, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), intravitreal gas and silicon oil injection as well as intravitreal steroid and antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection. The cause is multifactorial. Determining the cardinal pathophysiological mechanism is very decisive as it provides the ultimate guide to opting for the suitable treatment modality. The superimposing clinical features mystify the diagnosis, and pre.existing conjunctival scars and episcleral explants make any further surgical management very tough. In many cases, anti-glaucoma medications are beneficial for managing the temporary rise in IOP. However, the options of laser treatment and filtration surgeries can be considered in resistant cases, and glaucoma drainage devices are the last resort for refractory patients where filtration surgeries fail. In this review, we provide fundamental insight into the possible pathogenic mechanisms, specifically focusing on how to discriminate among them and strategically approach the management with secondary elevation in IOP following vitreoretinal surgeries.
Random finite noncommutative geometries and topological recursion
Authors: Azarfar Shahab , Khalkhali Masoud
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we investigate a model for quantum gravity on finite noncommutative spaces using the theory of blobbed topological recursion. The model is based on a particular class of random finite real spectral triples

{(\mathcal{A}, \mathcal{H}, D, \gamma, J)}

, called random matrix geometries of type

{(1,0)}

, with a fixed fermion space

{(\mathcal{A}, \mathcal{H}, \gamma, J)}

and a distribution of the form

{e^{- \mathcal{S} (D)}\, {\mathrm{d}} D}

over the moduli space of Dirac operators. The action functional

{\mathcal{S} (D)}

is considered to be a sum of terms of the form

{\prod_{i=1}^s \mathrm{Tr} ({D^{n_i}})}

for arbitrary

{s \geqslant 1}

. The Schwinger–Dyson equations satisfied by the connected correlators

{W_n}

of the corresponding multi-trace formal 1-Hermitian matrix model are derived by a differential geometric approach. It is shown that the coefficients

{W_{g,n}}

of the large

N

expansion of

{W_n}

’s enumerate discrete surfaces, called stuffed maps, whose building blocks are of particular topologies. The spectral curve

{( {\Sigma, \omega_{0,1}, \omega_{0,2}} )}

of the model is investigated in detail. In particular, we derive an explicit expression for the fundamental symmetric bidifferential

{\omega_{0,2}}

in terms of the formal parameters of the model.
Evaluating the Use of Crude and Synthetic Gossypol as Reproduction Bio-control Agents in Coptodon zillii and Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Jegede Oluwatosin Helen Tope
Published: March 2024

Select this text, right click and click Merge Formatting (B) from the paste options. Two hundred (200) Coptodon zillii and Oreochromis niloticus (10g ±0.13) were subjected to an investigation to uncover the efficiency of crude and synthetic gossypol as reproduction bio-control agents. The treatment groups were five (5) altogether with twenty (20) fish per treatment (male and female 1:1). Each treatment was replicated twice and subjected to the same condition. The fish were fed with five isoproteic experimental diets of 37.5% crude protein for 90 days. In the diets, cottonseed meal (CSM) and synthetic gossypol (GSP) were used to replace soyabean meal (SBM) at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively. Histological sections of testes in O. niloticus and C. zillii showed a decline in spermatozoa with increasing inclusion of crude CSM and synthetic gossypol. Diets four and five which has the highest inclusion of both crude and synthetic gossypol (327g CSM/Kg diet, 436g CSM/Kg diet) exhibited spent and empty seminiferous lumina. Ovarian section in C. zillii and O. niloticus showed distortion with increasing inclusion rates of crude CSM and synthetic gossypol; to the point that most of the eggs were still in their early phases of embryonic formation after 90 days trial with prominent vitellogenic stages for 0% 0g (CSM/kg diet) and 25% (109 CSM/kg diet); atretic oocytes for 75% (327g CSM/Kg diet) and 100% (436g CSM/Kg diet). Milt and egg production of both O. niloticus and C. zillii all declined as the dietary inclusion of crude and synthetic gossypol increased. Overall results showed that dietary crude and synthetic gossypol destroyed the spermatocytes and oocytes; lumina was devoid of spermatozoa, subsequent reproduction was inhibited; the eggs were unable to finish their cytological cycles which would have led to fertilization. There were fewer offspring in crude gossypol-based diet treatments and there was no reproduction at all in all the synthetic gossypol-based diet treatments.
Development and Characterization of 12 Microsatellite Markers for an Economically Important Fish, Caranx ignobilis, in the Philippines
Authors: Torres Shenna Kate M. , Mangonon Verinna Charisse B. , Tengco Maria Theresa T. , Santos Brian S.
Published: March 2024

The giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis) is an important food fish that faces increasing demand due to human population growth, necessitating genetic monitoring. This study intends to spearhead the development of microsatellite markers to assess the genetic variation of C. ignobilis populations. A total of 150 C. ignobilis specimens from six localities in the Philippines were analyzed. Based on next-generation sequencing data, 12 primer pairs were developed with high amplification rates and polymorphism across different loci. This study introduces the first microsatellite markers exclusively for C. ignobilis, which can be used for monitoring and management purposes.
Are Protoperidinium knipowitschii from the Sea of Azov and the Western Mediterranean P. paulseni (Dinoflagellata: Peridiniales) Synonymous?
Authors: Krakhmalnyi Aleksandr F. , Okolodkov Yuri B. , Terenko Galyna V. , Krakhmalnyi Maxim A.
Published: March 2024

Thecal morphology and morphometry of the planktonic dinoflagellate Protoperidinium paulseni (Pavill.) Balech were studied in samples taken in the northwestern Black Sea (Odessa Bay). Using epifluorescence microscopy and SEM, data on the apical pore complex, apical intercalary, sulcal and cingular plates were obtained for the first time; the presence of the hypothecal pore in the 1”’ plate is also reported for the first time. The epitheca morphology was clarified (para 1’ and hexa 2a plates). Cells are 50.3-65.4 μm long and 38.5-52.4 μm wide (n=15). Light and scanning electron micrographs of the examined cells are presented. A comparison between the original descriptions and illustrations of P. paulseni, P. knipowitschii, our cells from Odessa Bay, as well as P. fatulipes and P. saltans (the species mentioned in the literature as morphologically similar to the former two), was made. The results showed that Protoperidinium knipowitschii (Usachev) Balech 1974 (basionym: Peridinium Knipowitschii Usachev 1927) described from the Sea of Azov can be considered synonymous to Protoperidinium Paulseni (Pavill.) Balech 1974 (basionym: Peridinium paulseni Pavill. 1909). Data on the geographical distribution of P. paulseni are provided.
Research on Trajectory Tracking of Autonomous Vehicle Based on
Lateral and Longitudinal Cooperative Control
Authors: Huang Bin , Ma Liutao , Yang Nuorong , Ma Minrui , Wei Xiaoxu
Published: March 2024

Autonomous vehicles require the collaborative operation of multiple modules
during their journey, and enhancing tracking performance is a key focus in the
field of planning and control. To address this challenge, we propose a
cooperative control strategy, which is designed based on the integration of
model predictive control (MPC) and a dual proportional–integral–derivative
approach, referred to as collaborative control of MPC and double PID (CMDP for
short in this article).The CMDP controller accomplishes the execution of actions
based on information from perception and planning modules. For lateral control,
the MPC algorithm is employed, transforming the MPC’s optimal problem into a
standard quadratic programming problem. Simultaneously, a fuzzy control is
designed to achieve adaptive changes in the constraint values for steering
angles. In longitudinal control, a dual control strategy comprising
position-type PID and velocity-type PID is used, decoupling lateral and
longitudinal calculations. The collaborative control strategy links lateral and
longitudinal aspects, aiming to reduce computational complexity while enhancing
control effectiveness. For local path planning, a fifth-degree polynomial is
employed for path optimization to improve stability in responding to controller
commands. Simulation experiments conducted on the CARLA-ROS joint simulation
platform in realistic scenarios show that the model exhibits high accuracy and
minimal tracking error under dual lane-changing conditions. Comparative
experiments demonstrate superior control performance of the proposed model over
traditional MPC controllers.
The universal vector extension of an abeloid variety
Authors: Maculan Marco
Published: March 2024

Let $A$ be an abelian variety over a complete non-Archimedean field $K$. The universal cover of the Berkovich space attached to $A$ reflects the reduction behaviour of $A$. In this paper the universal cover of the universal vector extension $E(A)$ of $A$ is described. In a forthcoming paper ( arXiv:2007.04659), this will be one of the crucial tools to show that rigid analytic functions on $E(A)$ are all constant.

Comment: This is the first part of arXiv:2007.04659 which is now split into two
Evaluation of Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department in terms of Sociodemographic Characteristics, Diagnosis Codes and COVID-19 Diagnosis
Authors: Tekir Özlem , Bayraktar Ali Kamil
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the emergency department in terms of their sociodemographic characteristics and diagnosis codes and to examine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on presentations to the emergency department and its functioning.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective, descriptive study was conducted in the emergency department of an 1100-bed hospital between March 11, 2020 and March 31, 2021.

Results: According to the distribution of emergency service admissions during the year, the number of patients admitted to the pandemic outpatient clinic was the lowest in June and the highest in November. Considering the distribution of monthly presentation figures by age, the highest number of admissions were in the 15-29 and 30-44 age groups, and the least number of admissions was in the 0-14 age group. The number of inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 was the highest in April and November. The months with the highest rate of positive test results compared to the total admissions were October (15.3%), January (15.5%), and March (17.1%). In the gender-based distribution of the COVID-19 positive cases, the values were generally close to each other; however, when the 13-month average was considered, it was found 4.40% in females and 4.45% in males.

Conclusion: The study data showed the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency service admissions and functioning. Besides, they will contribute to the necessary education, planning, and organization processes for similar situations.
INFLUENCE OF TEAM DIVERSITY ON TEAM EFFECTIVENESS: IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC HEALTH
Authors: Nikolić Maja , Stanković Aleksandra , Nikolić Natalija
Published: March 2024

Work group diversity, the degree to which there are differences between group members, may affect group process and performance positively, as well as negatively. Research on the relationship between work –group diversity and work- group effectiveness has yielded inconsistent results in many disciplines, as well as in medical science. To address this problem, the authors examined different perspectives on work-group diversity and work-group effectiveness within the health care system. We reviewed the PubMed literature on work-group diversity and its effectiveness to assess the current state and to identify key issues for future research. This review points to the need for more complex conceptualizations of diversity and effectiveness in the work-group environment in the health care system, as well as the need for more empirical attention to the processes that are assumed to underlie the effects of diversity on group process and performance and the contingency factors of these processes.
PLUĆNO KRVARENJE U NOVOROĐENČETA I MOGUĆNOSTI PREVENCIJE
Authors: Veković Borko
Published: March 2024

Plućno krvarenje predstavlja teško akutno pogoršanje koje ima visoku stopu neonatalnog mortaliteta i morbiditeta. Nekoliko faktora rizika koji dovode do plućnog krvarenja je identifikovano ali tačna  patogeneza nije poznata. Značajnu ulogu u nastanku plućnog krvarenja u neonatologiji ima razvoj plućnog edema koji obično nastaje usled povećanog plućnog protoka. Hemodinamski značajni duktus arteriozus, prematuritet, intrauterusni zastoj rasta i primena plućnog surfaktanta značajno doprinose povećanoj incidenci plućnog krvarenja. Specifična terapija ne postoji. U ovom članku posebna pažnja je posvećena identifikaciji faktora rizika i aktuelnim stavovima o tretmanu  kao  mogućnostima za  prevenciju plućnog krvarenja kod novorođenčeta.
PREVENCIJA GOJAZNOSTI I DIABETES MELLITUS-A TIP II KOD DECE
Authors: Ćuk Tomislav
Published: March 2024

Tokom proteklih decenija došlo je do značajnog povećanja prevalence gojaznosti kod dece kao i oboljenja udruženih sa gojaznošću, npr.:diabetes mellitus, hipertenzija i hiperlipidemija. Ovo se naročito odnosi na razvijene zemlje, kao i zemlje u razvoju.

U promociji zdravih životnih navika u detinjstvu trebalo bi da učestvuju zdravstvene i obrazovne institucije kako bi se prevenirala gojaznost i sa njom udružene bolesti koje se javljaju u  adolescenciji i odraslom dobu.
OUR PROGRESS AGAINST POLIO - ERADICATION STILL REMAINS CHALLENGE
Authors: Đurić-Filipović Ivana , Filipović Đorđe , Tasić Milica , Živković Zorica
Published: March 2024

Polioviruses are enteroviruses that are transmitted direct from person to person or following excretion in feces or pharyngeal secretions. Because the poliovirus receptor is only expressed on human cells or on cells of few subhuman primate species, eradication is possible.  In 1988 the Global Initiative for Polio Eradication (GIPE) at the 41st WHO summit announced that the main goal for 2000 is complete polio eradication.  According the CDC reports the aim has not been reached yet, although the incidence of polio cases were decreased from 350,000 cases of wild polio virus in more than 125 endemic countries in 1988 to only 400 cases of polio reported in only 3 endemic countries (Nigeria, Afghanistan and Pakistan) in 2000. The last case of wild polio virus (wPV) was detected in 1997 in Serbia.  In order to eradicate polio virus two vaccines are used- inactivated and live-attenuated polio vaccines. According to the studies oral polio vaccine has better efficacy and immunogenicity profile in comparison to inactivated polio vaccines, but due to safety reasons inactivated polio vaccine is now widely used (there is no risk of vaccine associated paralytic polio - VAPP and vaccine derived polio virus- VDPV). Although there are very effective and immunogenic vaccines available all over the world the polio eradication is not a simple project, in undeveloped and developing countries vaccines are not available, whereas in developed countries parents refused to vaccinate their children.
NENAMERNE POVREDE KOD DECE ŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA
Authors: Višnjevac Danilo , Petrović Vesna , Rožek Mitrović Tanja , Višnjevac Slavica
Published: March 2024

Uvod. Povrede ubijaju decu, nanose im bol i ostavljaju sa posledicama i nesposobnostima.

Cilj rada. Cilj rada je da se utvrdi broj nenamernih povreda kod dece školskog uzrasta, tip povrede, ozbiljnost kao i uzrasna i polna struktura povređenih.

Metode rada. Studija preseka u kojoj su praćena deca osnovnih i srednjih škola sa teritorije Opštine Inđija. Praćena su deca uzrasta 6-19 godina koja su posetila školski dispanzer u Inđiji, u periodu januar-decembar 2015.godine.

Rezultati. Nenamerne povrede registrovane su kod 294 pacijenta, odnosno kod 10,9% ukupnog broja pacijenata. Registrovano je 467 prvih pregleda radi povrede, što čini 7,1% od ukupnog broja  pregleda. Više je bilo dečaka 61,5%, a kod njih je i češće registrovano više od jedne povrede. Devojčice su činile 38,5%. Nenamerne povrede najčešće su kod dece uzrasta 10-14 godina. Najčešće su registrovane povrede gornjih ekstremiteta 35,65%,donjih ekstremiteta 27,19% i povrede glave kod 17,06%. Najčešće su povred nastale kod kuće i okolini 37,9%, u školi 31% i na sportu 25,3%, a povrede u saobraćaju zadobilo je 5,78% ispitanika. Gotovo polovina ispitanika 49,8% izostajalo je iz škole. Kod 18,4% urađen je rendgenski snimak, a 32,1% upućeno je na dalju dijagnostiku i lečenje.

Zaključak. Nenamerne povrede su čest problem kod dece školskog uzrasta. Dečaci se češće povređuju, i češće imaju više od jedne povrede u toku godine. Učestalost povreda se smanjuje sa uzrastom. Najčešće nastaju kod kuće i u okolini i u najvećem broju radi se o povredama ekstremiteta.

Sprovođenjem preventivnih mera moguće je značajno smanjiti broj povreda kod dece. Pored lekara u prevenciju povreda moraju se uključiti i drugi akteri.
NOVINE U PREVENCIJI I LEČENJU ALERGIJSKE KIJAVICE KOD DECE
Authors: Živković Zorica , Jocić Stojanović Jasmina , Veković Vesna , Ostojić Olivera
Published: March 2024

Alergijski rinitis pogađa više od 500 miliona ljudi širom sveta I  može se smatrati vodećim hroničnim respiratornim poremećajem zbog svoje učestalosti, uticaja na kvalitet života,ekonomske važnosti, uticaja na radne/školske sposobnosti, kao i povezanosti sa astmom. Prevalencija alergijskog rinitisa je i dalje u porastu.

Terapijske mogućnosti AR rinitisa (ARIA) su brojne i  podrazumevaju : 1) edukaciju pacijenta; 2) prevenciju izlaganja alergenima iz okoline i iritansima; 3) farmakološku terapiju; 4) imunoterapiju. Ipak, oko 20%  pacijenta  lečenih prema smernicama vodiča za AR nemaju adekvatnu kontrolu simptoma bolesti, te terapija AR i dalje predstavlja izazov za kliničare. Zbog toga treba imati na umu i duge terapijske mogućnosti, te poboljšati dostupnost imunoterapije i  novih modaliteta u lečenju AR.
EFEKTIVNOST TRENINGA SNAGE KOD DECE I ADOLESCENATA SA PREKOMERNOM TELESNOM MASOM ILI GOJAZNOŠĆU
Authors: Radovanović Dragan
Published: March 2024

Uvod: Deca i adolescenti sa prekomernom telesnom masom ili gojaznošću suočavaju se sa mnogobrojnim zdravstvenim i psihosocijalnim rizicima. Trening snage je vrsta vežbanja koji omogućava ovoj zdravstveno-rizičnoj grupi da se istakne i time pokazuje potencijalno pozitivno delovanje na njihovo fizičko i psihičko zdravlje.

Cilj: Sistematski pregled prethodno objavljenih istraživanja koja su se bavila efektima treninga snage na telesni sastav, mišićnu snagu i psihosocijalni status dece i adolescenata sa prekomernom telesnom masom ili gojaznošću.

Materijal i metode: Originalni i pregledni radovi, kao i meta-analize, iz najznačajnijih elektronskih baza podataka (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, ProQuest, Cochrane library) su istraženi i uključeni u pregled.

Rezultati: Trening snage ima malu do umerenu efikasnost na smanjenje procenta telesnih masti kod  dece i adolescenata sa prekomernom telesnom masom ili gojaznošću, ali nema uticaj na druge mere gojaznosti. Trening snage ima umerenu do veliku efikasnost na povećanje snage velikih mišićnih grupa kod  dece i adolescenata sa prekomernom telesnom masom ili gojaznošću. Trening snage ima pozitivne uticaje na psihosocijalni status dece i adolescenata sa prekomernom telesnom masom ili gojaznošću, ali je broj istraživanja ograničen.

Zaključak: Trening snage je efikasan način vežbanja za postizanja zdravijeg telesnog sastava kod dece i adolescenata sa prekomernom telesnom masom ili gojaznošću, kroz povećanje bezmasne telesne mase i smanjenje procenta masnog tkiva, uz potencijalno pozitivne efekte na njihov psihosocijalni status.
RAZLOZI NEIMUNIZOVANJA DECE U AP VOJVODINI, SRBIJA
Authors: Ristić Mioljub , Vukas Ankica , Medić Snežana , Petrović Vladimir
Published: March 2024

Uvod: Imunizacija ima značajnu ulogu u prevenciji oboljenja u dečijem uzrastu. Uprkos tome, određen broj dece ostaje neimunizovan. Cilj studije je bio da se procene obuhvati imunizacijom i utvrde razlozi koji su doprineli obuhvatima imunizacijom u AP Vojvodini, Srbija.

Metodologija: Upotrebom podataka Instituta za javno zdravlje Vojvodine i svih ostalih šest Zavoda za javno zdravlje u AP Vovodini, analizirani su obuhvati obaveznim vakcinama i razlozi propuštenih imunizacija u AP Vojvodini u periodu od 1997. do 2015. godine.

Rezultati: Obuhvati svim obaveznim vakcinama u AP Vojvodini bili su visoki (preko 95%), ali je obuhvat drugom dozom MMR vakcine bio između 87% (1997-2006. godine) i 93% (2007-2015. godine). Među nemedicinskim razlozima neimunizovanja, najveće procentualno učešće kod propuštenih primovakcinacija protiv difterije, tetanusa, velikog kašlja, dečije paralize, malih boginja, zaušaka i rubeole imalo je neodazivanje na vakcinaciju. Nedostatak vakcine je bio glavni razlog propuštenih imunizacija HB, Hib i vakcinama koje se daju pre ulaska dece u školske kolektive (OPV, druga doza MMR vakcine).

Zaključak: Uspostavljanje kontinuirane dostupnosti svim vakcinama i intenziviranje edukacije o bezbednosti vakcina među zdravstvenim radnicima i roditeljima dece glavni su preduslovi održivosti i povećanja obuhvata imunizacijom u AP Vojvodini.
PREVENCIJA SPINALNOG DISRAFIZMA PRIMENOM FOLNE KISELINE
Authors: Cokić Bojana
Published: March 2024

Uvod: Folna kiselina je neophodna za funkcionisanje svake ćelije i za izgradnju svih novih ćelija, za konverziju nekih aminokiselina, ima i važnu ulogu u eritropoezi. Značajna je za normalan razvoj  neuralne cevi i zbog toga je veoma značajna za normalan razvoj ploda. Prenatalna primena folne kiseline, u primarnoj i sekundarnoj prevenciji defekata neuralne cevi, poznata je unazad nekoliko decenija. U radu prikazujemo  poznate dokaze o dejstvu  folne kiseline na prevenciju nastanka defekata neuralne cevi, ali i na pravilnu suplementaciju u trudnoći, te mogućnost dejstva  suplementacije folnom kiselinom na druge ishode trudnoće.

Metodologija: Istraživanje je sprovedeno u Opštini Zaječar. U porodilištu Zdravstvenog centra Zaječar,  u periodu od 1987. do 2015. godine rođeno je  22 145. dece. Od tog broja 13-ro dece sa defektom neuralne cevi ili 0,587/1000  živorođene dece. Majke čija deca su imala Spinu bifidu nisu koristile u toku trudnoće folnu kiselinu. Od 2012. godine, kada je uvedena primena folne kiseline,  nije rodjeno nijedno dete sa ovom kongenitalnom anomalijom.

Rezultati: Rezultati istraživanja govore da je broj dece sa defektom neuralne cevi u padu, nakon  primene folne kiseline.

Zaključak: Pokazan je značaj primene folne kiseline kod trudnica sa ciljem prevencije urodjenih anomalija neuralne cevi.
PLANIRANJE FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI ZA DECU I ADOLESCENTE SA PREKOMERNOM TELESNOM TEŽINOM ILI GOJAZNOŠĆU: PRINCIPI, SMERNICE I PREPOPRUKE
Authors: Radovanović Dragan , Ignjatović Aleksandar
Published: March 2024

U strukturi „novog morbiditeta“ mlade populacije u savremenim društvima prekomerna telesna masa i gojaznost, pored zloupotrebe psihoaktivnih supstanci, poremećaja reproduktivnog zdravlja, povreda i nasilja, predstavlja vodeći uzrok oboljevanja. Redovna fizička aktivnost treba da bude sastavni deo svakodnevnog života u kombinaciji sa pravilnom ishranom. Naročito tokom adolescencije, fizička aktivnost igra važnu ulogu u fizičkom, socijalnom i mentalnom razvoju.

Dva glavna principa u planiranju fizičke aktivnosti decе i adolescenаtа sa prekomernom telesnom masom ili gojaznošću su: stvaranje pozitivnih iskustava kroz različite oblike fizičke aktivnosti i uključivanje fizičke aktivnosti u svakodnevni život.

Opšte smernice za planiranje fizičke aktivnosti decе i adolescenаtа sa prekomernom telesnom masom ili gojaznošću obuhvataju: dnevnu učestalost, umeren do energičan intezitet, trajanje 60 i više minuta dnevno, postepeno povećanje od 10% nedeljno i kao obavezni dodatak smanjenje sedaternih aktivnosti (TV, PC, Internet) u slobodnom vremenu na manje od dva sata dnevno.

Najčešće preporuke u planiranju fizičke aktivnosti decе i adolescenаtа sa prekomernom telesnom masom ili gojaznošću su da epizode vežbanja treba da traju najmanje 15 minuta, te najveći deo treba da čine aerobne aktivnosti. Međutim, višak telesne mase deluje kao otežavajući faktor tokom aerobnih fizičkih aktivnosti umerenog do visokog intenziteta (npr. trčanje i sportovi sa loptom), a pored toga povećavaju rizik od nastanka oštećenja mišićnoskeletnog sistema koji se klasifikuju kao sindromi preopterećenja. Zbog toga se poslednjih godina preporučuje trening sa opterećenjem, kao vrsta vežbanja koji omogućava ovoj zdravstveno-rizičnoj grupi da se istakne, čime pokazuje potencijalno pozitivno delovanje na njihovo fizičko i psihičko zdravlje. Pozitivna socijalna iskustva gojaznih mladih osoba tokom treninga sa opterećenjem mogu da povećaju njihove individualne sposobnosti samokontrole, samopoštovanje i unutrašnju motivaciju za vežbanje.

Osnovne škole, srednje škole i univerziteti su verovatno najpodesnija mesta za promovisanje obrazaca fizičke aktivnosti i pravilne ishrane, a takođe pružaju mogućnosti za angažovanje roditelja i šire društvene zajednice.