bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dental implants: a potential cause of bone marrow edema in the jaw—preliminary report
Authors: Muraoka Hirotaka , Hirahara Naohisa , Ito Kotaro , Kondo Takumi , Ichiki Shungo , Kaneda Takashi
Published: March 2021

Background

Different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences are frequently used to examine bone marrow in the jaw, including short tau inversion recovery (STIR). MRI is a sensitive method for detecting bone marrow lesions. Currently, pantomography and computed tomography (CT) are used frequently for preoperative dental implant treatment. However, no study has evaluated bone marrow edema around dental implants using MRI. This study aimed to assess bone marrow edema in the jaw around dental implants using brain magnetic resonance images.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study was approved by our university ethics committee (EC19-011). A total of 17 patients (170 sites) who underwent brain MRI between April 2010 and March 2016 were analyzed. All subjects underwent scanning more than 3 years after implant placement. This study investigated two bone marrow signals (with implant site and without implant site). These two groups were then compared using Fisher’s exact test. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to analyze bone marrow signal intensity as the dependent variable and the long and short-axis diameters of the implant as the independent variables.

Results

The were 22/31 sites (71%) and 38/139 sites (27%) of bone marrow edema in the dental implants and without dental implants groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between bone marrow signal intensity and the short-axis diameter of the implant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The signal intensity in the bone marrow sites in the jaw with dental implants was significantly higher than that in the sites without dental implants. The present study findings suggest that dental implants are a potential cause of bone marrow edema in the jaw.
Identification, characterization, and expression profiles of the GASA genes in cotton
Authors: QIAO Kaikai , MA Changkai , LV Jiaoyan , ZHANG Chaojun , MA Qifeng , FAN Shuli
Published: March 2021

Background

GASA (Giberellic Acid Stimulated in Arabidopsis) gene family plays a crucial role in the phytohormone signaling pathway, growth and development, and stress responses in plants. Many GASA homologs have been identified in various plants. Nevertheless, little is known about these proteins in cotton.

Results

In the current study, we identified 19, 17, 25, 33, and 38 GASA genes via genome-wide analyses of Gossypium herbaceum, G. arboreum, G. raimondii, G. barbadense, and G. hirsutum, respectively, and performed comprehensive bioinformatics and expression analyses. According to our results, 132 GASA proteins shared similar protein structures and were classified into four groups based on the phylogenetic tree. A synteny analysis suggested that segmental duplication was a key driver in the expansion of the GASA gene family. Meanwhile, the cis-element and protein interaction analyses indicated that GhGASA proteins play a significant role in the hormone responses. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR (Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction) analyses revealed diverse expression profiles of the GhGASA genes in different organs under abiotic stresses, indicating that some GhGASA genes possibly participate in fiber development and abiotic-stress responses.

Conclusions

The GASA genes in cotton were systematically identified and analyzed for the first time in this paper, and it suggested that the GASA genes are important to the development and growth of cotton. These results will support future exploration of the functions of GASA genes in cotton.
Correlation analysis of stem hardness traits with fiber and yield-related traits in core collections of Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: RAZA Irum , HU Daowu , AHMAD Adeel , LI Hongge , HE Shoupu , NAZIR Mian Faisal , WANG Xiaoyang , JIA Yinhua , PAN Zhaoe , ZHANG Peng , YASIR Muhammad , IQBAL Muhammad Shahid , GENG Xiaoli , WANG Liru , PANG Baoyin , DU Xiongming
Published: March 2021

Background

Stem hardness is one of the major influencing factors for plant architecture in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Evaluating hardness phenotypic traits is very important for the selection of elite lines for resistance to lodging in Gossypium hirsutum L. Cotton breeders are interested in using diverse genotypes to enhance fiber quality and high-yield. Few pieces of research for hardness and its relationship with fiber quality and yield were found. This study was designed to find the relationship of stem hardness traits with fiber quality and yield contributing traits of upland cotton.

Results

Experiments were carried out to measure the bending, acupuncture, and compression properties of the stem from a collection of upland cotton genotypes, comprising 237 accessions. The results showed that the genotypic difference in stem hardness was highly significant among the genotypes, and the stem hardness traits (BL, BU, AL, AU, CL, and CU) have a positive association with fiber quality traits and yield-related traits. Statistical analyses of the results showed that in descriptive statistics result bending (BL, BU) has a maximum coefficient of variance, but fiber length and fiber strength have less coefficient of variance among the genotypes. Principal component analysis (PCA) trimmed quantitative characters into nine principal components. The first nine principal components (PC) with Eigenvalues > 1 explained 86% of the variation among 237 accessions of cotton. Both 2017 and 2018, PCA results indicated that BL, BU, FL, FE, and LI contributed to their variability in PC1, and BU, AU, CU, FD, LP, and FWPB have shown their variability in PC2.

Conclusion

We describe here the systematic study of the mechanism involved in the regulation of enhancing fiber quality and yield by stem bending strength, acupuncture, and compression properties of G. hirsutum.
Stroboscopic exclusion process: A first-moment–driven dynamics
Authors: Debin Bryan , Granet Etienne
Published: April 2021

We define a new variant of exclusion processes in discrete time that has jump probabilities that depend on the last jump performed. In a particular limit for the jump probabilities and in suitable scaling limits for space and time, we compute the time evolution of the particle density starting from an arbitrary initial configuration, with closed boundary conditions. The core of the argument is the analysis of the time evolution of the moments. Numerical results are compared with the prediction and give excellent agreement.
Ciências da atividade física como protagonista de uma agenda multisetorial de pesquisa e advocacy na promoção da mobilidade ativa
Authors: Oliveira Ricardo Brandão de , Silva Rodolfo Guimarães da
Published: March 2021

No epicentro da pandemia, as cidades enfrentam desafios econômicos e na saúde. Para lidar com a crise e reduzir os riscos de infecção nos transportes coletivos, o uso de transportes ativos passou a receber atenção de governos locais. Adotando como referencial o conceito de “Saúde em Todas as Políticas”, o presente ensaio teórico teve como objetivo discutir oportunidades causadas pela pandemia da COVID-19, considerando as relações entre o uso de transportes ativos e seus impactos sobre a prevenção de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, a mobilidade urbana e o meio-ambiente. Dentro deste contexto, destacamos a importância de se mensurar as influências e externalidades da indústria automotiva, caracterizando-a como um ator a ser enfrentado nas políticas de promoção da saúde e mobilidade ativa. Neste sentido, acreditamos que as Ciências da Atividade Física podem exercer um protagonismo na formação de uma agenda multisetorial de pesquisa e advocacy, que objetivem reorientar os sistemas de transporte, de desenho urbano e de uso do solo.
Dynamic Path Planning Of Unmanned Surface Vehicle Based On Genetic Algorithm With Sliding Curve Guidance System
Authors: Kadir Rusdhianto Effendie Abdul , Sahal Mochammad , Gamayanti Nurlita , Pratama Fian Ilham
Published: April 2021

Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) is an unmanned ship that is controlled through a remote control system (manual) or automatic control system (autopilot), move due to the thrust force from thruster machine and can turning due to the deflection angle of rudder. The USV path planning system becomes an important task so that the ship can make the global trajectory with the minimum travel distance according to the desired navigation while at the same able to avoid various obstacles from local dangerous situations that have the potential for collisions. To be able to do dynamic USV path planning, the Genetic Algorithm method with a sliding curve guidance system and PID MRAC controller is used. The use of this method gives smooth ship track performance with shortest distance in a 400x400 square meter map with static and dynamic obstacles. In a dynamic environment, the path replanning process that takes place in 0,98 seconds is able to find a new path that does not collide the obstacles. For the purposes of algorithm validation, the simulation is performed using MATLAB software with real ship parameters of 6 meters length USV.
FACES: An Advocacy Intervention for African American Parents of Children With Autism
Authors: Pearson Jamie N. , Meadan Hedda
Published: April 2021

Children with autism and their families often face challenges accessing early intervention and related services. African American children face additional challenges due to disparities in diagnoses and access to services. These disparities present a great need for parent advocacy to combat culturally insensitive service delivery and strained parent-professional partnerships. In this sequential mixed methods study, we piloted a 6-week parent-training intervention (FACES) among African American parents of children with autism and evaluated participants' empowerment, advocacy, and partnerships pre- and postintervention. Results indicated that parents' advocacy, sense of empowerment, and community support were strengthened, following the FACES program. Participants also described the FACES intervention as socially valid. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Elementary autonomous surface microfluidic devices based on laser-fabricated wetting gradient microtextures that drive directional water flows
Authors: Shchedrina N. N. , Kudryashov S. I. , Moskvin M. K. , Odintsova G. V. , Krylach I. V. , Danilov P. A. , Bondarenko A. G. , Davydova E. A. , Fokina M. I. , Olekhnovich R. O. , Uspenskaya M. V. , Veiko V. P.
Published: April 2021

Topography-dependent tuning of water wettability was achieved on a stainless steel surface textured by nanosecond-laser pulses at different laser fluences, with the minimal contribution of the surface chemical modification. Such differently-wet neighboring surface spots were demonstrated to drive an autonomous directional water flow. A series of elementary microfluidic devices based on the spatial wetting gradients were designed and tested as building blocks of “green”, energy-saving autonomous microfluidic circuits.
Structuring a terahertz beam by using a 3D-printed n-faced pyramid lens
Authors: Huang Qian , Liu Wei , Yang Yongqiang , Xiao Long , Yang Zhengang , Liu Jinsong , Wang Kejia
Published: March 2021

Using 3D-printed n-faced pyramid lenses, we generate a series of structured diffraction free terahertz (THz) beams. Based on angular spectrum theory, analytical solutions of the output THz beams from these lenses can be obtained. Furthermore, we experimentally realize these non-diffraction THz beams, showing that the measured results are consistent with theory. It is believed that our structured non-diffraction THz beams can be used in THz imaging with large depth of focus.
Deep learning polarimetric three-dimensional integral imaging object recognition in adverse environmental conditions
Authors: Usmani Kashif , Krishnan Gokul , O’Connor Timothy , Javidi Bahram
Published: March 2021

Polarimetric imaging is useful for object recognition and material classification because of its ability to discriminate objects based on polarimetric signatures of materials. Polarimetric imaging of an object captures important physical properties such as shape and surface properties and can be effective even in low light environments. Integral imaging is a passive three-dimensional (3D) imaging approach that takes advantage of multiple 2D imaging perspectives to perform 3D reconstruction. In this paper, we propose a unified polarimetric detection and classification of objects in degraded environments such as low light and the presence of occlusion. This task is accomplished using a deep learning model for 3D polarimetric integral imaging data captured in the visible spectral domain. The neural network system is designed and trained for 3D object detection and classification using polarimetric integral images. We compare the detection and classification results between polarimetric and non-polarimetric 2D and 3D imaging. The system performance in degraded environmental conditions is evaluated using average miss rate, average precision, and F-1 score. The results indicate that for the experiments we have performed, polarimetric 3D integral imaging outperforms 2D polarimetric imaging as well as non-polarimetric 2D and 3D imaging for object recognition in adverse conditions such as low light and occlusions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for polarimetric 3D object recognition in low light environments and occlusions using a deep learning-based integral imaging. The proposed approach is attractive because low light polarimetric object recognition in the visible spectral band benefits from much higher spatial resolution, more compact optics, and lower system cost compared with long wave infrared imaging which is the conventional imaging approach for low light environments.
Terahertz dual-band asymmetric transmission for a single cross-polarized linear wave
Authors: Tao Xiang , Qi Limei , Hu Haifeng , Fu Tao , Uqaili Junaid Ahmed
Published: March 2021

The reported dual-band asymmetric transmission is usually an effect of mutual polarization conversion, where one polarized wave is converted to its cross-polarization in the first band while the other polarized wave is converted to its cross-polarization in the second band. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a dual-band asymmetric transmission effect only for one-polarized linear wave in the terahertz band. It is measured that the cross-polarization transmission coefficient T
yx
reaches two peaks of 0.715 and 0.548 at the frequency of 0.74 THz and 1.22 THz, respectively. While the transmission coefficient T
xy
is lower than 0.2 in the wide-band from 0.5 THz to 1.5 THz. Firstly, the multiple interference model is used to discuss the physical mechanism of the dual-band asymmetric transmission. However, the second band of the calculated spectrum is offset due to the strong near field coupling between the two metal layers. The coupled-mode theory is then introduced and the fitting result of the coupled-mode theory is in good agreement with that of the experiment in the two bands. This research would provide new theoretical instructions in designing and analyzing multiband asymmetric transmission in the terahertz, microwave or the optical bands.
Attenuation investigation influenced by the temperature and strain in an optical fiber composite low voltage cable
Authors: Ashfaq Ahsan , Chen Yu , Jia Feng , Yao Kai , Yu Jing , Cheng Yonghong
Published: April 2021

Optical fiber composite low voltage cable (OPLC) is an optimal way of connecting the smart grid with the load. In this paper, the field distribution of temperature and stress is simulated by applying the finite element method. At the overload condition, the fiber unit’s temperature rises to 59°C that generates the strain of 387 µε. This strain and temperature together result in the additional attenuation of 0.053 dB/km in the optical fiber. Temperature and strain are termed as the major contributing factors towards the attenuation in the optical fiber as temperature caused 16.03% while strain caused 80.56% of the total loss.
Flat-top supercontinuum generation via Gaussian pulse shaping
Authors: Song Minje , Han Sang-Pil , Park Jaegyu , Choi Hyunjong , Kim Sungil , Tran Thanh Tuan , Kim Hyun Deok , Song Minhyup
Published: March 2021

We present the flat-top supercontinuum source with high repetition rate over a broad bandwidth. The flatness and high repetition rate are achieved by iterative optical line-by-line spectrum shaping on electro-optic optical frequency combs. By applying Gaussian apodized pulse train to a highly nonlinear medium with optimized Gaussian coefficient and nonlinear polarization rotation techniques, we implemented here a flat-top supercontinuum with a 47.7 nm bandwidth at 3 dB and 30 GHz repetition rate. The generation of high repetition rate supercontinuum sources with smooth and coherent spectrum is the critical challenging task for many applications such as optical communications and the optical arbitrary waveform generation. This work leads us to new possibilities for generating hundreds or thousands of flattened coherent optical carriers with a simple configuration.
Characterization of the optical encoder angular noise from terrestrial laser scanners
Authors: Kermarrec Gaël , Hartmann Jens
Published: March 2021

Rigorous statistical testing of deformation using a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) can avoid events such as structure collapses. Such a procedure necessitates an accurate description of the TLS measurements’ noise, which should include the correlations between angles. Unfortunately, these correlations are often unaccounted for due to a lack of knowledge. This contribution addresses this challenge. We combine (i) a least-square approximation to extract the geometry of the TLS point cloud with the aim to analyze the residuals of the fitting and (ii) a specific filtering coupled with a maximum likelihood estimation to quantify the amount of flicker noise versus white noise. This allows us to set up fully populated variance covariance matrices of the TLS noise as a result.
Accelerating trajectory manipulation of symmetric Pearcey Gaussian beam in a uniformly moving parabolic potential
Authors: Lin Zejia , Xu Chuangjie , Huang Haiqi , Wu You , Qiu Huixin , Fu Xinming , Chen Kaihui , Yu Xin , Deng Dongmei
Published: April 2021

We derive analytical solutions that describe the one-dimensional displaced and chirped symmetric Pearcey Gaussian beam in a uniformly moving parabolic potential. The multiple effective manipulations of the beam, which are originated from the diverse configurations of the dynamic parabolic potential, are demonstrated. On the whole, the accelerating trajectory can transform into a linear superposition form of the oblique straight line and the simple harmonic motion. Meanwhile, we discuss the further modulation of the accelerating trajectory characteristics such as slope, amplitude and phase shift. Additionally, the extension into a two-dimensional scenario is also proposed. Our results theoretically improve the practical value of the Pearcey beam, and lead to potential applications in trajectory manipulation and particle manipulation.
Efficacy, safety and complications of autologous fat grafting to the eyelids and periorbital area: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Fan , Ji Zhaohua , Peng Liwei , Fu Ting , Liu Kun , Dou Wenjie , Li Jing , Li Yuejun , Long Yong , Zhang Weilu
Published: April 2021

Background

In recent years, autologous fat grafting (AFG), also known as fat transfer or lipofilling, has been widely performed for periorbital rejuvenation and defect correction, although the evidence regarding its efficacy and safety is still lacking. Besides, with respect to the periorbital region, it is invariably the earliest appearance area of the facial aging phenomenon. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis is needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this technique.

Methods

A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library databases on November 20, 2020, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, to identify all relevant articles. Then, a data extraction and standardization process was performed to assess all outcome data. Ultimately, the data were assessed using a random effects regression model with comprehensive meta-analysis software.

Results

Thirty-nine studies consisting of 3 cohorts and 36 case series with a total of 4046 cases were included. Meta-analysis revealed a relatively high satisfaction rate of 90.9% (95% CI, 86.4%–94.0%). Frequent complications in 4046 patients receiving AFG were edema, chemosis, and contour irregularity, with an overall complication rate of 7.9% (95% CI, 4.8%–12.8%).

Conclusion

This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that AFG for rejuvenation of eyelids and periorbital area provided a high satisfaction rate and did not result in severe complications. Therefore, AFG might be performed safely for periorbital rejuvenation and reconstruction.
Interpreting blood GLUcose data with R package iglu
Authors: Broll Steven , Urbanek Jacek , Buchanan David , Chun Elizabeth , Muschelli John , Punjabi Naresh M. , Gaynanova Irina
Published: April 2021

Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) data play an increasing role in clinical practice as they provide detailed quantification of blood glucose levels during the entire 24-hour period. The R package iglu implements a wide range of CGM-derived metrics for measuring glucose control and glucose variability. The package also allows one to visualize CGM data using time-series and lasagna plots. A distinct advantage of iglu is that it comes with a point-and-click graphical user interface (GUI) which makes the package widely accessible to users regardless of their programming experience. Thus, the open-source and easy to use iglu package will help advance CGM research and CGM data analyses. R package iglu is publicly available on CRAN and at https://github.com/irinagain/iglu.
Cost-effectiveness of a “treat-all” strategy using Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs) for Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 at different fibrosis stages
Authors: Suenaga Riichiro , Suka Machi , Hirao Tomohiro , Hidaka Isao , Sakaida Isao , Ishida Haku
Published: April 2021

Aim

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of therapeutic strategies initiated at different stages of liver fibrosis using three direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), sofosbuvir-ledipasvir (SL), glecaprevir-pibrentasvir (GP), and elbasvir plus grazoprevir (E/G), for Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) genotype 1.

Methods

We created an analytical decision model reflecting the progression of liver fibrosis stages to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of alternative therapeutic strategies applied at different fibrosis stages. We compared six treatment strategies: treating all patients regardless of fibrosis stage (TA), treating individual patients with one of four treatments starting at four respective stages of liver fibrosis progression (F1S: withholding treatment at stage F0 and starting treatment from stage F1 or higher, and three successive options, F2S, F3S, and F4S), and administering no antiviral treatment (NoRx). We adopted a lifetime horizon and Japanese health insurance payers’ perspective.

Results

The base case analysis showed that the incremental quality-adjusted life years (QALY) gain of TA by SL, GP, and E/G compared with the strategies of starting treatments for patients with the advanced fibrosis stage, F2S, varied from 0.32 to 0.33, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were US$24,320, US$18,160 and US$17,410 per QALY, respectively. On the cost-effectiveness acceptability curve, TA was most likely to be cost-effective, with the three DAAs at the willingness to pay thresholds of US$50,000.

Conclusions

Our results suggested that administration of DAA treatment for all Japanese patients with genotype 1 CHC regardless of their liver fibrosis stage would be cost-effective under ordinary conditions.
Facial memory ability and self-awareness in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy after anterior temporal lobectomy
Authors: Hosokawa Hiroaki , Kanno Shigenori , Nishio Yoshiyuki , Kawasaki Iori , Hirayama Kazumi , Sunaga Atsuko , Shoji Naotake , Iwasaki Masaki , Nakasato Nobukazu , Tominaga Teiji , Suzuki Kyoko
Published: April 2021

Anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) is the most common surgical treatment for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Right ATL has been reported to reduce facial memory ability in patients with TLE, as indicated by poor performance on the Warrington Recognition Memory Test for Faces (RMF), which is commonly used to evaluate visual memory in these patients. However, little is known about whether patients with TLE exhibit difficulties in identifying faces in daily life after ATL. The aim of this study was to investigate facial memory ability and self-awareness of face identification difficulties in patients with TLE after ATL. Sixteen patients with TLE after right ATL, 14 patients with TLE after left ATL, and 29 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. We developed the multiview face recognition test (MFRT), which comprises a learning phase (one or three frontal face images without external facial feature information) and a recognition phase (frontal, oblique, or noise-masked face images). Facial memory abilities were examined in all participants using the MFRT and RMF, and self-awareness of difficulties in face identification was evaluated using the 20-item prosopagnosia index (PI20), which has been widely used to assess developmental prosopagnosia. The MFRT performance in patients with TLE after ATL was significantly worse than that in healthy controls regardless of the resected side, whereas the RMF scores in patients with TLE were significantly worse than those in healthy controls only after right ATL. The MFRT performance in patients with TLE after both left and right ATL was more influenced by working memory load than that in healthy controls. The PI20 scores revealed that patients with TLE after left ATL were aware of their difficulties in identifying faces. These findings suggest that patients with TLE not only after right ATL but also after left ATL might have difficulties in face identification.
The global viralization of policies to contain the spreading of the COVID-19 pandemic: Analyses of school closures and first reported cases
Authors: Nazif-Muñoz José Ignacio , Peña Sebastián , Oulhote Youssef
Published: April 2021

Background

On January 30th 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a international health emergency due to the unprecedented phenomenon of COVID-19. After this declaration countries swiftly implemented a variety of health policies. In this work we examine how rapid countries responded to this pandemic using two events: the day in which the first case of COVID-19 was reported, and first day in which countries used school closure as one of the measures to avoid outbreaks. We also assessed how countries’ health systems, globalization, economic development, political systems, and economic integration to China, Republic of Korea and Italy increased the speed of adoption.

Methods

We compiled information from multiple sources, from December 31st 2019 to June 1st 2020, to trace when 172 countries reported their first COVID-19 case and implemented school closure to contain outbreaks. We applied cross-national Weibull survival analysis to evaluate the global speed of detection of first COVID-19 reported cases and school closure.

Results

Ten days after WHO declared COVID-19 to be an international emergency, relative to seven days from this declaration, countries were 28 (95% CI: 12–77) times more likely to report first COVID-19 cases and 42 (95% CI: 22–90) times more likely to close schools. One standard deviation increase in the epidemic security index rises the rate of report first cases by 37% (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.37 (95% CI: 1.09–1.72) and delays the adoption for school closures by 36% (HR 0.64 (95% CI:0.50–0.82). One standard deviation increase in the globalization index augments the adoption for school closures by 74% (HR 1.74 (95% CI:1.34–2.24).

Conclusion

After the WHO declared a global emergency, countries were unprecedently acting very rapidly. While countries more globally integrated were swifter in closing schools, countries with better designed health systems to tackle epidemics were slower in adopting it. More studies are needed to assess how the speed of school closures and other policies will affect the development of the pandemic.
Clinical features of acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia: An early histologic pattern of various acute inflammatory lung diseases
Authors: Onishi Yasutaka , Kawamura Tetsuji , Higashino Takanori , Mimura Rokuro , Tsukamoto Hiroaki , Sasaki Shin
Published: April 2021

Background

Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) is a rare histologic pattern of acute lung involvement with intra-alveolar fibrin deposition. However, the clinical significance of the pathological findings of AFOP remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the clinical significance of AFOP through a comprehensive clinical examination.

Methods

The medical records of patients with lung diseases accompanied by the pathological finding of intra-alveolar organization between January 2010 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical and radiological findings were compared between the groups with and without the histologic pattern of AFOP.

Results

We identified 34 patients with AFOP (AFOP group) and 143 without AFOP (non-AFOP group). The underlying diseases of the AFOP group were as follows: 19 patients had cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (OP), 5 had connective tissue diseases, 3 had radiation pneumonitis, 3 had chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, 2 had myelodysplastic syndromes, and 2 had drug-induced pneumonia. Fever was more common, the time from symptom onset to biopsy was shorter, and the serum C-reactive protein level was higher in the AFOP group than in the non-AFOP group. On high-resolution computed tomography, 85% of patients had OP pattern, and halo sign was more common in the AFOP group. Corticosteroids were effective in 94% of the patients in the AFOP group; however, recurrences were more frequent, and a higher corticosteroid dose was needed during recurrence.

Conclusions

AFOP might be an early phase of a histologic pattern associated with known etiologies. In addition, it could be a marker indicating intense inflammatory diseases with a tendency of recurrence.
Oncogenic mutation or overexpression of oncogenic KRAS or BRAF is not sufficient to confer oncogene addiction
Authors: Ito Reina E. , Oneyama Chitose , Aoki Kazuhiro
Published: April 2021

Oncogene addiction is a cellular property by which cancer cells become highly dependent on the expression of oncogenes for their survival. Oncogene addiction can be exploited to design molecularly targeted drugs that kill only cancer cells by inhibiting the specific oncogenes. Genes and cell lines exhibiting oncogene addiction, as well as the mechanisms by which cell death is induced when addicted oncogenes are suppressed, have been extensively studied. However, it is still not fully understood how oncogene addiction is acquired in cancer cells. Here, we take a synthetic biology approach to investigate whether oncogenic mutation or oncogene expression suffices to confer the property of oncogene addiction to cancer cells. We employed human mammary epithelium-derived MCF-10A cells expressing the oncogenic KRAS or BRAF. MCF-10A cells harboring an oncogenic mutation in a single-allele of KRAS or BRAF showed weak transformation activity, but no characteristics of oncogene addiction. MCF-10A cells overexpressing oncogenic KRAS demonstrated the transformation activity, but MCF-10A cells overexpressing oncogenic BRAF did not. Neither cell line exhibited any oncogene addiction properties. These results indicate that the introduction of oncogenic mutation or the overexpression of oncogenes is not sufficient for cells to acquire oncogene addiction, and that oncogene addiction is not associated with transformation activity.
On the occurrence of some species of the mustard family (Cruciferae) in certain regions of Mongolia
Authors: German Dmitry A.
Published: March 2021

On the basis of analysis of relevant literature as well as herbarium collections of LE and MW, unreliability of recent record of four Cruciferae species from easternt Mongolia is proved, viz. Alyssum desertorum (Middle Khalkha), Crucihimalaya mollissima, Sisymbrium brassiciforme (both – East Mongolia), and Meniocus linifolius (Great Khingan). It is found that the species could not be collected in 1987 and false findings are based on the confusion with labels of the season 1984 with similar field numbers, a conclusion further supported by the information from relevant field diaries. It is documented that herbarium collections of joint Soviet-Mongolian biological expedition kept in UBA are mislabeled in a way that at least part of gatherings attributed to 1987 actually represent material collected in 1984 in western Mongolia. This fact should be considered when making floristic and taxonomic research in Mongolia; besides, the need of re-labeling of relevant material in UBA is stressed.
Karyotype analysis and chromosome number for two Cirsium taxa (Asteraceae) in Iran
Authors: Babaee Zohreh , Norouzi Maryam , Mosaferi Samaneh , Keshavarzi Maryam
Published: March 2021

Cirsium Mill. contains more than 250 species in the world mainly distributed in the Northern hemisphere. Different chromosome numbers with different ploidy levels were reported in this genus. In this study, karyotype details and chromosome numbers were established for two Cirsium taxa in Iran. C. ciliatum subsp. szovitsii and C. echinus had the mitotic chromosome numbers of 2n = 2x = 34. Karyotype analyses showed that chromosomes were generally metacentric and sub-metacentric. In C. echinus, Lowshan population had the longest chromosome (19.10 µm) and Heyran Canyon population (4.73 µm) the shortest one while in C. ciliatum, the longest chromosome was observed in Urmia to Salmas population (14.67 µm) and the shortest one (4.71 µm) in Doshanlu population. Total haploid chromosome length ranged from 275.29 to 376.42 µm in populations studied. Both taxa were grouped in 2B class. B-chromosomes were recorded for two taxa studied too. Chromosome type, mitotic chromosome numbers and occurrence of B-chromosomes were in agreement with previous results (Albers, Pröbsting, 1998; Lövkvist, Hultgård, 1999; Yüksel et al., 2013; Yildiz et al., 2016).
Chromosome numbers of invasive and potentially invasive species in the flora of the Republic of Altai. IV
Authors: Zykova Elena Yu. , An’kova Tatyana V. , Lomonosova Maria N.
Published: March 2021

Chromosome numbers (2n) in 10 invasive and potentially invasive plant species from the families Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Oxalidaceae, Poaceae and Solanaceae are reported on the samples collected in the Republic of Altai. To determine the ploidy levels, we used methods of direct chromosome counting and flow cytometry in some cases. Among them, chromosome complements were first examined in Russia for Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa (2n = 22). Psammophiliella muralis (2n = 34), Medicago sativa subsp. varia (2n ≈ 32; 2C = 4.8 pg) and Solanum nigrum (2n = 48) were first studied from Siberia. Malva verticillata (2n = 42), Oxalis dillenii (2n = 24), Lolium perenne (2n = 14) and Setaria faberi (2n = 36) were first studied from the Republic of Altai. Tetraploid cytotype and genome size of Picris hieracioides (2n = 4x = 20; 2C = 8.89 pg) were discovered for the first time. Common distribution and the history of floristic findings of these species in the Republic of Altai are given. Previously published data on chromosome numbers from Russia are cited.
New records for the flora of Fujairah Emirate (United Arab Emirates)
Authors: Byalt Vyacheslav V. , Korshunov Michail V.
Published: March 2021

During floristic research in 2017–2020 in the Emirate of Fujairah in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), we made new findings that complement the species composition of the flora of vascular plants in the territory of the Emirate and the UAE as a whole. The article provides data on 7 new ergasiophytes and ergasiophygophytes, alien to the Emirate of Fujairah: Asystasia gangetica T. Andersson (Acanthaceae) found growing wild in Dibba, A. gangetica subsp. micrantha (Nees) Y. F. Deng et N. H. Xia (Acanthaceae), as a weed in the nurseries of Dibba, Rul Dadna and Al Bidiya, Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (Apiaceae), as a weed in Dibba town, Basella alba L. (Basellaceae) cultivated and becomes wild in Dibba town, Citrus ×limon (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae) cultivated and often found growing wild in Dibba, the village of Sharm and other settlements of the Emirate, Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. cultivated and becomes wild in Dibba, Rul Dadna, Al Bidiya and other places, and M. paniculata (L.) Jack (Rutaceae) cultivated and becomes wild in plant nurseries in Dibba and Al Bidiya. Asystasia gangetica, A. micrantha, and Centella asiatica are new alien species for Fujairah Emirate and the UAE, and Basella nigra, Murraya koenigii and M. paniculata are new also for Arabia as a whole. A brief history of the study of the flora of the UAE and a preliminary summary of its species diversity are also given.
New records of alien species of the family Urticaceae in the Fujairah Emirate (UAE)
Authors: Byalt Vyacheslav V. , Korshunov Michail V.
Published: March 2021

During floristic research in 2017–2020 in the Emirate of Fujairah in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the authors made new findings of species from family Urticaceae that complement the species composition of the flora of vascular plants in the territory of the emirate and the UAE as a whole. The article presents data on 4 new to the UAE alien ergasiophytes from Urticaceae – Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew. (a weed in the plant nursery in Al Bidiya), Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. (a weed in nurseries in Al Dibba and Al Bidiya), Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn. (a weed in the seaside promenade of city of Al Fujeirah), and Pilea microphylla and Pouzolzia zeylanica also for Arabia in general. A preliminary assessment of the species diversity of family Urticaceae in the Arabian Peninsula is also given. Taking into account new records, 7 species from 6 genera belonging to this family have been identified in the UAE. The herbarium materials were transferred to the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE, Saint-Petersburg, Russia), the duplicates – to the Herbarium of Altai State University (ALTB, Barnaul, Russia) and the Scientific Herbarium of Fujairah (FSH, Wadi Wuraya, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates).
Floristic findings in the Upper Yenisei basin: Krasnoyarsk Territory, Republic of Tuva
Authors: Shaulo Dmitry N. , Zykova Elena Yu. , Tupitsyna Natalia N. , Molokova Nina I. , Sonnikova Alexandra E. , Saak Nadezhda V. , Shanmak Rada B. , Sambuu Anna D. , Ankipovich Evgeny S. , Shmakov Alexander I.
Published: March 2021

During field research, viewing materials stored in the herbaria of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS (NS), Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V. P. Astafyev (KRAS), the “Sayano-Shushensky” State Natural Biosphere Reserve (SSHZ) and the “Azas” State Nature Reserve, clarified information on the distribution of rare plant species in the Upper Yenisei basin. For the first time in the flora of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 4 species were found: Allium eduardi, Ephedra gerardiana, Lappula tuvinica, Taraxacum sajanense; there are 5 species in Tuva: Kochia scoparia, Microstigma sajanense, Polygonum salsugineum, P. turkestanicum, Potentilla canescens. For the first time, 3 species were registered in the Western Sayan mountain system: Astragalus brevifolius, Kochia scoparia and Taraxacum sajanense. For 13 rare species, new locations were noted and the boundaries of the ranges were specified: Astragalus macroceras, Dontostemon pinnatifidus, Elymus pendulinus, Fritillaria dagana, Lappula heteracantha, L. semiglabra var. dsharkentica, L. tuvinica, Orchis militaris and others. The new ones for the “Sayano-Shushensky” State Natural Biosphere Reserve were 4 species: Allium eduardi, Elymus pendulinus, Ephedra gerardiana, Lappula tuvinica. Orchis militaris was first found for the “Azas” State Nature Reserve.
Studies of urban flora in Russia: current state and prospects
Authors: Tretyakova Alyona S. , Baranova Olga G. , Senator Stepan A. , Panasenko Nikolay N. , Sutkin Aleksey V. , Alikhadzhiyev Magomed Kh.
Published: March 2021

An overview of Russian literature sources of urban flora studies. The authors analyze the history of urban floral research in Russia and provide definitions of terms – urban flora, native, indigenous, apophytic, alien, synanthropic species. The overview provides a description of methods and approaches used in different studies of urban flora. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the biological diversity of native and alien plants and the features of their spatial distribution in urban habitats. The authors raise problems of protection of biodiversity in cities and show the role of urban protected natural areas. The conclusion of the work outlines the prospects for further study of urban flora. The authors highlight an importance and necessity of creation of a unified database of vascular plants in the urbanized territories of Russia. Further usage of the database will allow to conduct a comparative analysis of the species composition of urban flora and to identify the degree of their homogenization and originality.
Sergey Vladimirovich Saksonov: in memoriam
Authors: Senator Stepan A. , Rozenberg Gennadiy S. , Vasjukov Vladimir M. , Golub Valentin B.
Published: March 2021

The article is dedicated to the memory of the famous researcher of the Middle Volga region flora, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Sergey Vladimirovich Saksonov. A brief analysis of the works and the main publications are given.
Taxonomic revision of the family Geraniaceae in the flora of Mongolia
Authors: Troshkina Victoria I.
Published: March 2021

The species composition of the Geraniaceae family in the flora of Mongolia is revised as a result of a critical study of collections of the Herbarium of V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (LE), the D. P. Syreischikov Herbarium of Biological Faculty of Moscow State University (MW), the N. V. Tzitzin of the Main Botanical Garden (MHA), of the M. G. Popov Herbarium of Central Siberian Botanical Garden (NSK), of the I. M. Krasnoborov Herbarium of Central Siberian Botanical Garden (NS), Herbarium of the Tomsk State University (TK), Herbarium of the South Siberian Botanical Garden (ALTB), Herbarium of the Institute of General and Experimental Biology of the Academy of Sciences of Mongolia (UBA), of the Martin-Luther University Herbarium (HAL), and own gatherings. The species Geranium pamiricum Ikonn. is identified for the first time in the flora of Mongolia. The areas of some species are clarified; maps of distribution over the territory of Mongolia are given.
Hieracium pilosella L. – a new adventive species for the flora of the Tian Shan (Kazakhstan)
Authors: Ivashchenko Anna A. , Abidkulova Karime T.
Published: March 2021

Information is given about the finding of Hieracium pilosella L. in the Issyk River valley on the northern slope of the Zailiysky Alatau ridge. The habitat of the species, the composition of the plant community with its participation are described, the data on the population density of the species, the ratio of generative and vegetative individuals are provided. The appearance of this adventive species in the immediate vicinity of Almaty in the last decade is most likely due to the increasing recreational load on this territory.
New records of lichens from the Russian Far East. III. Lichens of coastal habitats
Authors: Davydov Evgeny A. , Yakovchenko Lidia S. , Galanina Irina A. , Paukov Alexander G. , Frolov Ivan V. , Ahti Teuvo
Published: March 2021

Aspicilia subepiglypta, Buellia subdisciformis, Calogaya arnoldii, Flavoplaca flavocitrina, Lecanora swartzii, and Lecidella scabra are reported as new records for the Russian Far East. Rinodina gennarii and Lecidella asema are newly recorded for the mainland of the Russian Far East. Rare lichens Cladonia subconistea and Leptotrema litophila are newly found in coastal habitats; Caloplaca atroflava is new for Sakhalin Island, and Umbilicaria vellea is new for Kuril Islands.
Floristic findings in the Maya River basin (Khabarovsk Territory)
Authors: Vernoslova Maria I.
Published: March 2021

The article provides an information about floristic findings in the Maya Aldanskaya River basin. As a result of expeditionary researches, new locations of 25 species and 1 subspecies of vascular plants were revealed, including for the Aldan floristic region – 9 species: Bupleurum scorzonerifolium, Cardamine prorepens, C. macrophylla, Gentiana macrophylla, Linum komarovii, Medicago lupulina, Packera heterophylla, Triglochin maritima, Valeriana alternifolia; for the Maya River valley – 9 species and 1 subspecies: Campanula punctata, Iris laevigata, Leontopodium conglobatum, Linaria acutiloba, Lysimachia thyrsiflora, Micranthes staminosa, Polemonium boreale, Rhodiola rosea, Saxifraga cernua, Hypericum ascyron subsp. gebleri; in the Red Data Books of the Regions and the Russian Federation – 7 species: Aconogonon amgense, Alyssum obovatum, Anemone tamarae, Borodinia macrophylla, Ephedra monosperma, Hedysarum dasycarpum, Saxifraga lactea.
Communities of Festuca komarovii – endemic of cryo-arid Pleistocene vegetation of the Eastern Sayan
Authors: Namzalov Bimba-Tziren B. , Telyatnikov Michail Yu. , Budazhapov Lubsan-Zondy V. , Namzalov Maksar B.-Ts.
Published: March 2021

The identity of the highland vegetation of the eastern part of the ridge East Sayan is due to the history of the formation of flora and vegetation in the late Pleistocene, as well as to the features of underlying rocks, mainly represented by limestones. As a result, endemic plant species and communities formed on these ancient alignment surfaces. One of these species is Festuca komarovii Krivot. (Komarov fescue). The relictness of Festuca komarovii is confirmed by the systematic position of the species in the generic complex; it belongs to the distinctive section Leocopoa (Griseb.) Krivot. The section combines only three species – Festuca sibirica, F. hubsugulica, F. komarovii, of which the last two are endemic of the Hangai-Sayan center. The Komarov fescue in the modern vegetation of the East Sayan shows itself as a coenogen and indicator of paleocryogenic landscapes. The research results showed a high coenotic role of this fescue in the vegetation of the studied territory, in particular the syntaxa of the cryophyte-steppe florocenotype (unions Kobresion myosuroidis Mirkin et al. 1983 em. Hilbig 2000 and Potentillo niveae–Caricion pediformisТеlyatnikov 2011). We also described the new association Ptilagrosto mongholicae–Festucetum komarovii Namzalov ass. hoc loco, floristically and coenotically related to the associations of the union Dryadion oxyodontae Zhitlukhina et Onishchenko ex Chytrý et al. 1993, which belongs to the class Carici rupestris–Kobresietea bellardii Ohba 1974. However, one important feature should be noted that the Komarov fescue in communities of associations of tundra and subalpine forest vegetation is noted in a small abundance as an accompanying species. To some extent, this confirms the initial coenogenetic proximity of Festuca komarovii to grass ecosystems – cryophytic stepoids of the periglacial Pleistocene complex.