bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma osteopontin may predict neuroinflammation and the severity of pediatric traumatic brain injury
Authors: Gao Ning , Zhang-Brotzge Xiaohui , Wali Bushra , Sayeed Iqbal , Chern Joshua J , Blackwell Laura S , Kuan Chia-Yi , Reisner Andrew
Published: March 2019

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death in children and adolescents in developed countries, but there are no blood-based biomarkers to support the diagnosis or prognosis of pediatric TBI to-date. Here we report that the plasma levels of osteopontin (OPN), a phosphoprotein chiefly secreted by macrophages and/or activated microglia, may contribute to this goal. In animal models of TBI, while OPN, fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were all readily induced by controlled cortical impact in the brains of one-month-old mice, only OPN and GFAP ascended in the blood in correlation with high neurological severity scores (NSS). In children with TBI (three to nine years of age, n = 66), the plasma levels of OPN, but not GFAP, correlated with severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Score ≤ 8) and intracranial lesions at emergency department. In addition, the plasma OPN levels in severe pediatric TBI patients continued to ascend for 72 h and correlated with mortality and the days requiring ventilator or intensive care unit support, whereas the plasma GFAP levels lacked these properties. Together, these results suggest that plasma OPN outperforms GFAP and may be a neuroinflammation-based diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in pediatric TBI.
Stepping-up: ‘Urban’ and ‘queer’ cultural capital in LGBT and queer communities in Kansai, Japan
Authors: Wallace Jane
Published: March 2019

This article argues that the Bourdieusian concepts of field, habitus and cultural capital open up theoretical space in which to analyse the hierarchical nature of LGBT and queer communities living in the Kansai region of Japan. Drawing upon data collected during ethnographic fieldwork, this article will show how ‘urban’ and ‘queer’ forms of LGBT-activist practice acted as a kind of cultural capital (in the form of symbolic capital) within the groups studied. The possession of and ability to engage in specific ways with these cultural capitals determined the respondents’ positions in the field. However, access is not universal, and is determined by context. Furthermore, the processes involved in a renegotiation of an individual’s position in the field can bring multiple habitus into contact, resulting not only in instances of successful transfer, but also tension and rupture. This article provides an original and timely contribution to sexuality and gender studies of Japan, by adding a detailed analysis of the ways in which cultural capital plays out in the field using ethnographic data.
Descriptive Analysis of Graduate Enrollment Trends at Hispanic-Serving Institutions: 2005-2015
Authors: Garcia Gina A. , Guzman-Alvarez Alberto
Published: March 2019

Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs) are postsecondary institutions that enroll 25% Latinx undergraduate students, with little emphasis on graduate enrollment. Graduate enrollment was explored at HSIs, looking at trends over 10 years. Descriptive analyses and data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) were used, shedding light on enrollment inequities between Latinx undergraduate and graduate students. This study has implications for graduate HSIs, which can become primary educators of a diverse, highly educated future workforce.
An optimal analysis for Darcy–Forchheimer three-dimensional Williamson nanofluid flow over a stretching surface with convective conditions
Authors: Dawar Abdullah , Shah Zahir , Islam Saeed , Khan Waris , Idrees Muhammad
Published: March 2019

The augmented thermal conductivity is significant in betterment of heat transfer behavior of fluids. A number of other physical quantities such as density, viscosity, and specific heat play the key role in fluid flow behavior. Investigators have shown that the nanofluids have not only superior heat conductivity but also have better convective heat transfer capability than the base fluids. In this article, the analysis of three-dimensional Williamson fluid has been carried out under investigation. The fluid flow is taken over a linear porous stretching sheet under the influence of thermal radiation. The transformed system of equations has been solved by homotopy analysis method. The impact of embedded parameters on the fluid flow has shown graphically. The velocity profile in x-direction is decreased with the augmented stretching, Williamson, coefficient of inertia, and porosity parameters. The velocity profile in y-direction is increased with the enlarged stretching parameter, while reduced with the augmented Williamson, coefficient of inertia, and porosity parameters. The temperature profile is increased with the enlarged stretching, radiation, thermophoresis, parameter and Brownian motion parameters, and Biot number while decreased with the increased Prandtl number. The concentration profile is increased with the increased thermophoresis parameter and Biot numbers, while decreased with the enlarged stretching and Brownian motion parameters.
Spiritual Well-Being in Sport and Exercise Psychology
Authors: Roychowdhury Dev
Published: March 2019

Research indicates that spirituality plays a cardinal role in enhancing sporting performance, personal growth, and well-being. Numerous researchers have attempted to examine the nexus of religion, spirituality, and psychological constructs to understand their role in sport and exercise performance and contexts. Despite the findings that spiritual well-being plays a crucial role in athletic excellence and as a buffer against a wide range of stressors and negative behaviors, it has received scant attention in the sport and exercise psychology literature. This present commentary examines the role of spirituality in sport psychology literature and proposes that spiritual well-being be incorporated into sport and exercise psychology training and consultancy to improve and enhance service delivery. This article also identifies a number of key areas for future research and practice.
Partial Capitate Shortening Osteotomy and Its Impact on Lunate Revascularization: Mid-Term Results
Authors: Tahta Mesut , Zengin Eyup C. , Ozturk Tahir , Mete B. Dirim , Gunal İzge , Sener Muhittin
Published: March 2019

Background:

Treatment of Kienböck disease is still a clinical challenge. The treatment used in each instance is decided according to stage of the disease at presentation. Good clinical and radiological results could be obtained with partial capitate shortening osteotomy. However, mid-term results of this technique and its effect on lunate revascularization are not well known.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to report our results of partial capitate shortening osteotomy in the treatment of stage II and IIIA Kienböck disease.

Methods:

Ten patients were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 37.7 years old (standard deviation [SD] = 9.6). Patients were evaluated clinically in terms of range of motion, DASH and VAS scores, satisfaction with the outcome, and grip/tip/palmar/key pinch strength compared to the contralateral side. Radiological evaluation consisted of Lichtman staging on plain radiographs and lunate revascularization on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at both preoperative and postoperative evaluations.

Results:

The mean duration of follow-up was 55.2 (SD = 24) months. The mean DASH and VAS scores were 14.3 (SD = 6.7) and 1.5 (SD = 1.3), respectively. For patient satisfaction, the mean score was 3.6 (SD = 0.6). The Lichtman stage of 7 patients remained unchanged. Lunate revascularization was detected with MRI in 6 patients.

Conclusions:

Although the number of patients in the study prevents more strict conclusions, our results are promising, and the technique presented offers minimally but observable lunate revascularization and high success rates in preventing the progression of the disease.
Including the Student Voice: Experiences and Learning Outcomes of a Flipped Communication Course
Authors: Kantanen Helena , Koponen Jonna , Sointu Erkko , Valtonen Teemu
Published: March 2019

In this article, we present a study focusing on the learning experiences of business students in an organizational and marketing communication course. The pedagogical approaches of a flipped classroom, collaborative inquiry, and communication in the disciplines guided the planning of the course. A mixed-methods approach was used. The key findings include positive student evaluations of the pedagogies utilized. Moreover, a wide variety of learning outcomes was reported, particularly in the fields of crisis communication and workplace communication. The pedagogies utilized enabled a comprehensive model for teaching communication and contributed to relevant learning experiences and skill development for the 21st century.
Examining the role of funders in ensuring value and reducing waste in research: An organizational case-study of the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute
Authors: Whitlock Evelyn P. , Selby Joe V. , Dunham Kelly M. , Fernandez Alicia , Forsythe Laura P. , Norquist Grayson
Published: March 2019

International experts have recommended actions that funders can take to improve the value of research investments. They state that self-assessment and public sharing are the basis for accountability and improvement. We examined our policies and practice to determine the extent to which the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute’s (PCORI) policies and practices as a research funder align with international best practice recommendations. A self-audit of current policies and practice against 17 recommendations and 35 sub-recommendations representing five major stages of research production, based on adapted methods used for self-assessment by another funder, was performed.  Fit of existing PCORI policies and practices with 35 sub-recommendations, qualitative assessment of adequacy (area of strength; area of partial strength; area of growth; not applicable) for 17 recommendations for five stages of research production was assessed. Of the 17 recommendations, 15 were applicable to PCORI’s research mission and focus.  PCORI has policies and practices in place for all elements of six recommendations (“area of strength”) and policies that address each element but with some still in active development for three (“area of partial strength”). PCORI is partially addressing six of the 15 relevant recommendations (“area of growth”). Areas for growth include making study protocols publicly available, improving policies on data sharing, and enhancing collaboration with other funders to reduce redundant funding. A voluntary consortium of international funders is underway to encourage further progress, including additional self-assessment and public sharing for accountability. These findings indicate PCORI has undertaken efforts to align its funding practices with international recommendations to ensure the value of public dollars invested in research.  Further efforts will likely require additional coordination and collaboration between funders and stakeholders.
Aerosol delivery of dry powder synthetic lung surfactant to surfactant-deficient rabbits and preterm lambs on non-invasive respiratory support
Authors: Walther Frans J. , Gupta Monik , Lipp Michael M. , Chan Holly , Krzewick John , Gordon Larry M. , Waring Alan J.
Published: March 2019

Background: The development of synthetic lung surfactant for preterm infants has focused on peptide analogues of native surfactant proteins B and C (SP-B and SP-C). Non-invasive respiratory support with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) may benefit from synthetic surfactant for aerosol delivery.

Methods: A total of three dry powder (DP) surfactants, consisting of phospholipids and the SP-B analogue Super Mini-B (SMB), and one negative control DP surfactant without SMB, were produced with the Acorda Therapeutics ARCUS® Pulmonary Dry Powder Technology. Structure of the DP surfactants was compared with FTIR spectroscopy, in vitro surface activity with captive bubble surfactometry, and in vivo activity in surfactant-deficient adult rabbits and preterm lambs. In the animal experiments, intratracheal (IT) aerosol delivery was compared with surfactant aerosolization during nCPAP support. Surfactant dosage was 100 mg/kg of lipids and aerosolization was performed using a low flow inhaler.

Results: FTIR spectra of the three DP surfactants each showed secondary structures compatible with peptide folding as an α-helix hairpin, similar to that previously noted for surface-active SMB in other lipids. The DP surfactants with SMB demonstrated in vitro surface activity <1 mN/m. Oxygenation and lung function increased quickly after IT aerosolization of DP surfactant in both surfactant-deficient rabbits and preterm lambs, similar to improvements seen with clinical surfactant. The response to nCPAP aerosol delivery of DP surfactant was about 50% of IT aerosol delivery, but could be boosted with a second dose in the preterm lambs.

Conclusions: Aerosol delivery of DP synthetic surfactant during non-invasive respiratory support with nCPAP significantly improved oxygenation and lung function in surfactant-deficient animals and this response could be enhanced by giving a second dose. Aerosol delivery of DP synthetic lung surfactant has potential for clinical applications.
The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC): an update on the enrolled sample of index children in 2019
Authors: Northstone Kate , Lewcock Melanie , Groom Alix , Boyd Andy , Macleod John , Timpson Nicholas , Wells Nicholas
Published: March 2019

The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a prospective population-based study. Initial recruitment of pregnant women took place in 1990-1992 and the health and development of the index children from these pregnancies and their family members have been followed ever since. The eligible sampling frame was constructed retrospectively using linked recruitment and health service records. Additional offspring that were eligible to enrol in the study have been welcomed through major recruitment drives at the ages of 7 and 18 years; and through opportunistic contacts since the age of 7. This data note provides a status update on the recruitment of the index children since the age of 7 years with a focus on enrolment since the age of 18, which has not been previously described. A total of 913 additional G1 (the cohort of index children) participants have been enrolled in the study since the age of 7 years with 195 of these joining since the age of 18. This additional enrolment provides a baseline sample of 14,901 G1 participants who were alive at 1 year of age.
Czy sens ma debata nad istotą kulturoznawstwa?
Authors: Paleczny Tadeusz
Published: March 2019

DOES IT MAKE SENSE TO DEBATE THE ESSENCE OF CULTURAL STUDIES?The article raises a number of questions regarding the purpose of developing new approaches in research on culture. One of them is provided by cultural studies. The rapidly changing reality due to globalisation processes, high technologies and modern forms of communications, inter alia, has forced us to modify and work out new forms of description. New cultural studies constitute, on the one hand, opposition to traditional cultural sciences, while, on the other hand, becoming complementary in the areas in which the traditional approach has proved to be insufficient with its methodological, epistemological, axiological or terminological resources.
Social surfing as a model of youth lifestyle
Authors: Ilyin Vladimir I.
Published: March 2019

Inspired by Z. Bauman’s ideas this empirical study attempts to analyze the structure and logic of a way of life corresponding to the “liquid modernity” emerging both in Western countries and modern Russia. It is described by the metaphor of social surfing. One of the key characteristics of this way of life, mainly typical for young people, is overcoming the effect of social inertia (individual path dependency) in all spheres: education, labor market, professional activities, housing strategy, leisure, and private life. Following the logic of Grounded Theory and using a series of biographical semi-structured interviews with residents of large cities, mostly aged 17 to 35 years, the author constructs a model of social surfing as a way of life. The theoretical sample primarily consists of informants demonstrating the elements of the lifestyle under consideration (social surfers). Such a nature of the sample precludes generalizations applicable to the entire Russian youth. The social surfing model consists of two main blocks: (a) the logic of social surfing in different spheres of life, and (b) the factors that increase the probability of choosing such a lifestyle. The model of social surfing includes several levels that permeate all spheres: 1) macro-level institutional shifts (flexibilization of structures), 2) patterns of social surfers’ practices, and 3) surfer’s personal characteristics.
Consumption among young activists
Authors: Arif Elvira M.
Published: March 2019

There are two main approaches to study youth consumption. The first one considers consumption as viewed by a group of people of a certain age who differ from other age groups. Cultural differences are not taken into account. In the second approach consumption is seen as one of structure-forming elements of youth communities and practices. In that case, researchers study subcultures and youth leisure activities. However, those young people who are not engaged in subcultures and whose consumption patterns do not define their group identities are poorly studied. The article analyzes the importance of consumption among young persons and examines the ideological vectors of youth solidarity. The database consists of 28 biographical interviews with young activists from St Petersburg. The emphasis is placed on value priorities and the significance of labor for young activists. Thus, the meaning of consumption is considered through the prism of values and labor using the notion of “cultural repertoire of consumption”.  Based on the interview results, five repertoires were singled out: anti-reconsumption, ethical, pro-Soviet, anti-consumption and politicized repertoires. Special attention is given to young activists’ reinterpretation of exclusiveness within the dominant consumption discourse. The analysis provides the grounds for reviewing the content of the solidarity vector and the substitution of “consumption - asceticism” direction for the “critical – internalized consumption”.
Acknowledgement. The author expresses gratitude to Elena L. Omelchenko, director of NRU HSE Center for Youth Studies, and Yana N. Krupets, project manager, for the provided materials. Special thanks go to all the colleagues who took part in the tool design and data collection, discussion and analysis.
Promoting mathematical reasoning and problem solving through inquiry-based relevance focused computer simulations: a stoichiometry lab
Authors: Gupta Tanya
Published: March 2019

Simulations model concepts and phenomena. Several researchers have called for an intuitive and user-friendly simulation design to foster conceptual understanding of users. Simulations can also be used to promote mathematical thinking and problem-solving skills of students in various chemistry courses. An example of such use of simulations would be teaching reaction stoichiometry and underlying dimensional analysis for determining the quantity of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction. In this paper, the author presents an innovative model of a guided-inquiry based simulation for promoting mathematical thinking in chemistry by incorporating mathematical thinking as a component of simulation design. The simulation was implemented in an introductory organic chemistry laboratory course in which a significant gain in pre- and post-test was observed for participating students.
Progression of Meiosis Is Coordinated by the Level and Location of MAPK Activation Via OGR-2 in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Achache Hanna , Laurent Lévana , Hecker-Mimoun Yaël , Ishtayeh Hasan , Rappaport Yisrael , Kroizer Eitan , Colaiácovo Monica P , Tzur Yonatan B
Published: March 2019

During meiosis, a series of evolutionarily conserved events allow for reductional chromosome division, which is required for sexual reproduction. Although individual meiotic processes have been extensively studied, we currently know far less about how meiosis is regulated and coordinated. In the Caenorhabditis elegans gonad, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling drives oogenesis while undergoing spatial activation and deactivation waves. However, it is currently unclear how MAPK activation is governed and how it facilitates the progression of oogenesis. Here, we show that the oocyte and germline-related 2 (ogr-2) gene affects proper progression of oogenesis. Complete deletion of ogr-2 results in delayed meiotic entry and late spatial onset of double-strand break repair. Elevated levels of apoptosis are observed in this mutant, independent of the meiotic canonical checkpoints; however, they are dependent on the MAPK terminal member MPK-1/ERK. MPK-1 activation is elevated in diplotene in ogr-2 mutants and its aberrant spatial activation correlates with stages where meiotic progression defects are evident. Deletion of ogr-2 significantly reduces the expression of lip-1, a phosphatase reported to repress MPK-1, which is consistent with OGR-2 localization at chromatin in germ cells. We suggest that OGR-2 modulates the expression of lip-1 to promote the timely progression of meiosis through MPK-1 spatial deactivation.
La biografía del señor presidente: sujetos políticos y racialización en ¡Ecce Pericles! de Rafael Arévalo Martínez
Authors: Delgado Aburto Leonel
Published: March 2019

Este artículo analiza el libro de Rafael Arévalo Martínez, ¡Ecce Pericles! (1945) enfatizando la unidad de sus dos partes: la biografía del dictador Manuel Estrada Cabrera y la narración del movimiento civil que lo derroca en 1920, agrupado en torno al Partido Unionista. El argumento principal es que la forma biográfica escogida por Arévalo está en consonancia con la interpretación del movimiento opositor como minoritario e impotente en relación al predominio de lo que el autor entiende como atavismo racial indígena que condena a Guatemala a la permanente dictadura. En este sentido, el artículo enfatiza los componentes biopolíticos de tal postura.
Delivering offsite modular construction in the water sector: a Scottish case study
Authors: Weston Steve , Livingston Mark
Published: March 2019

Offsite-manufactured modular water treatment plants can improve water quality and safety as well as deliver certainty and savings in time, costs, resources, logistics and emissions. This paper describes the collaborative design and delivery of a new 1·3 Ml/d Lochmaddy water treatment works for Scottish Water on the remote island of North Uist in the Outer Hebrides. By changing the treatment method to nanofiltration and using an offsite modular approach, the project team cut costs and programme by over a third. The 12 modules for the treatment building were designed, fabricated, assembled, tested and pre-commissioned in the factory before delivery to site, where they were installed in just 4 weeks.
Pleito pendiente internacional. Una mirada desde la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Gonz Andr
Published: March 2019

ResumenEste artículo aborda el elemento de admisibilidad convencional y reglamentario de "no pleito pendiente internacional" y se propone para ello una investigación basica, descriptiva y deductiva, que parte de la pregunta (,Que debe entenderse por pleito pendiente internacional? y el objetivo general de identificar las lineas de argumentación de la comisión, cuando un Estado propone la inadmisibilidad de la petición por la existencia de un pleito pendiente; reconociendo que este implica que haya identidad entre las partes, el objeto, la base legal de la petición, y ademas, se tramite ante un órgano internacional cuyo mandato sea convencional y su procedimiento sea adjudicativo, contencioso y contradictorio. AbstractThis article address the "no international pending proceeding" conventional and statutory element of admissibility. Through a basic, descriptive and deductive research, and it born of the question What should be understood international pending proceeding? And the general objective of identifying the lines of argumentation of the Commission when a State proposes the inadmissibility of a petition based on the existence of a pending proceeding. As a result, we find out that we have a pending proceeding when there is an identity between the parties, the object, the legal foundation of the petition and, moreover, it is processed by an international body which has a conventional mandate and an adjudicative, contentious and contradictory procedure.
El enfoque de competencias en la formación del abogado para el siglo XXI
Authors: Clavijo C Darwin
Published: March 2019

ResumenEl presente articulo de investigación es el resultado de una revisión teórica del concepto de competencias en la educación superior, para confrontar la forma como las universidades de Colombia estan actuando en la orientación dada a los programas de Derecho. La tendencia mundial, traida desde el Espacio Europeo de la Educación Superior (EEES), es la formación de profesionales orientados por el enfoque de las competencias. En Latinoamerica, se han desarrollado un conjunto de acciones con el fin de determinar las competencias generales y especificas propias de cada profesión; en el caso del Derecho el Proyecto Tuning, del que hicieron parte 65 instituciones de educación superior, presentó una propuesta de competencias especificas para la disciplina, las que categorizó en orden de importancia. En suma, es una Investigación en la que predomina el análisis documental armonizado con elementos propios de la investigación juridica, de naturaleza descriptiva, explicativa y expositiva. AbstractThis research report is the result of a study in which a theoretical review of the concept of competence in higher education was carried out to confront how Colombia's universities are acting on the guidance given to Law programs. The worldwide trend, brought from the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), is the training of professionals guided by the focus on compe- tencies. In Latin America, we have developed a set of actions in order to determine the general and specific competence for each profession; law in the case of the Tuning Project, in which 65 institutions of higher education were part of presented a proposal for the discipline specific competences, which were categorized in order of importance. Finally, It is a study in which predominates the harmonized document analysis with elements of legal, descriptive, exposi- tory and explanatory research.
La nacionalidad como un derecho humano: El caso Satya de Ecuador
Authors: Figuera Vargas Sorily Carolina , Robles Arias Johana
Published: March 2019

La nacionalidad es un derecho humano universal consagrado en las principales convenciones internacionales vigentes en el continente americano. Luego que la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador dictó la Sentencia N° 184-18-SEP-CC, en fecha 29 de mayo de 2018, relativa al caso Satya, el siguiente análisis resulta relevante en cuanto al estudio de la nacionalidad, su definición, sus principios, su regulación internacional, cuáles han sido algunos de los criterios de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en relación con esta figura jurídica y cómo Ecuador regula la nacionalidad en su sistema legal. Finalmente se procederá a la disertación sobre la mencionada sentencia en lo referente a la nacionalidad como derecho humano, su conexión con  el derecho a la identidad y el interés suprior de las niñas y niños. Así pues, se desarrollará un método de investigación jurisprudencial para llegar a las conclusiones sobre este debate.
Genealogía de la mediación comunitaria en México
Authors: Sauceda Villeda Brenda Judith , Gorjón Gómez Gabriel De Jesús
Published: March 2019

El presente estudio lo hemos confeccionado a fin de realizar un análisis de contenido de la mediación comunitaria a fin de comprenderla y aplicarla en forma integral en la solución de conflictos urbano-comunitarios. El artículo plantea una propuesta conceptual de la mediación comunitaria, asimismo se proponen elementos de carácter subjetivo y objetivo que instrumentan la especialización en esta materia, encontrando que algunos autores mencionan que el objeto de este tipo de mecanismo alternativo de solución de conflictos es dirimir conflictos comunitarios, sin precisar mayor indicativo o elemento que lo distinga de otros tipos de mediación. En términos generales, se concluye que la mediación comunitaria fortalece el tejido social, mejora la calidad de vida de los vecinos, empoderándolos para que gestionen por sí mismos la solución de sus conflictos, brindando un espacio que permite la sana convivencia, así como la creación de políticas sociales efectivas en base a las necesidades individuales y colectivas de la comunidad a la que pertenecen y finalmente el estudio de sus elementos sirven para dimensionar los alcances prácticos en su implementación como lo es determinar el perfil del mediador comunitario.
Programa de prevención de desórdenes músculo-esqueléticos en trabajadores que usan videoterminales en una caja de compensación familiar
Authors: Osorio Rivera María Natalia , Ospina Rodríguez Claudia Ximena , Satizabal Medina María Mónica , Calvo Soto Andrea Patricia
Published: March 2019

Los desórdenes músculo esqueléticos inciden en las estadísticas de incapacidad laboral a nivel mundial, las empresas buscan evitar que estos desórdenes se presenten y también mitigar su impacto en la salud. Se presenta un programa de prevención de desórdenes músculo-esqueléticos en trabajadores que usan videoterminales en una caja de compensación familiar. Objetivo: Evaluar el riesgo ergonómico y diseñar un programa de prevención de desórdenes músculo-esqueléticos en trabajadores que usan videoterminales en una caja de compensación familiar. Métodos: Aplicación de encuesta sobre variables sociolaborales y evaluación de video terminales según la guía para la verificación ergonómica de puestos de trabajo a 63 trabajadores. Se uso de la metodología Sobane sobre la percepción del riesgo. Resultados: La presencia del tipo de dolor osteomuscular reportada fue: cervicalgia (n= 12), lumbalgia (n= 10), síndrome de túnel carpiano y dolor de manos (n= 8), otros problemas en miembros superiores y parestesias en miembros inferiores. En cuanto a la video terminal hubo mayores problemas ergonómicos con el ordenador y la mesa. La metodología Sobane expuso problemas con el espacio, mobiliario y participación del personal en las actividades. Conclusión: se propusieron acciones de prevención primaria, secundaria y terciaria a la población trabajadora para la prevención de desórdenes musculo-esqueléaticos por el uso de videoterminal, incluyendo aspectos individuales, colectivos y empresariales, además de evaluar las medidas de intervención aplicadas.
Análisis de riesgos en toxicología industrial: Método MAS
Authors: López-Hernández Enrique
Published: March 2019

La literatura experta es prolífica en métodos de análisis de riesgos en higiene y seguridad industrial Incluso en ergonomía física, aunque para este caso, el análisis es sobre las actividades del puesto de trabajo. En contraparte, los procedimientos para el análisis de riesgos en toxicología industrial, son muy escasos. Por ello, la toxicología ocupacional suele considerarse como eminentemente teórica. Objetivo: Dar a conocer un multidisciplinario procedimiento de análisis de riesgos en toxicología industrial. Incluye aspectos metodológicos de la propia toxicología industrial, higiene ocupacional y medicina del trabajo. Evalúa peligrosidad de sustancias mediante investigación documental y de campo. Métodos: Se halla estructurado en seis fases: a) Más tóxica (toxicología industrial), b) más frecuente (higiene industrial), c) más contacto (higiene industrial), d) más intenso (higiene industrial), e) más efectos (medicina del trabajo) y f) sumario (peligrosidad comparada de las sustancias evaluadas). El método jerarquiza un listado de sustancias evaluadas, de mayor a menor peligrosidad, considerando las tres disciplinas utilizadas. Conclusiones: El procedimiento hace indispensable la investigación de campo y aunque no propone estrategias de intervención para evitar o mitigar los efectos de los agentes químicos evaluados, si establece una plataforma de datos básicos que permite planificar las medidas a emplear, para controlar los agentes más peligrosos a la salud del personal ocupacionalmente expuesto.
Maternal tobacco use and risk for congenital anomalies
Authors: Hiremath Prabhuswami , Patange R. P. , Salunkhe J. A. , Mohite Vaishali R. , Pawar Ajit , Mulani Afsana
Published: March 2019

Background: Over a period of decades non genetic causes are controlled and mortality and morbidity is considerable reduced due to malformation. Although 50% of causes for malformation are unknown origin, but, with primary prevention 50% of birth defects could be prevented. Research for finding the risk factors are continuous and such results would help to implement preventive strategies to improve maternal and child health.Methods: This is cross sectional; hospital based study, conducted in Krishna Hospital Karad, included all the Pregnant Mother diagnosed to have congenital birth defected foetus through antenatal examinations, delivered baby with diagnoses of congenital malformation, who were admitted at tertiary care hospital Karad.Results: Total 283 cases were diagnosed with birth defects. Parent’s history for tobacco use states that 16 (5.7%) mothers and 149 (53%) of fathers of malformed babies used tobacco. Among these 16 (5%) tobacco user mothers, maximum babies 5 (1.7 %) babies had born with neural tube defect and among fathers 149 (53%) maximum babies 41 (14%) circulatory system defect.Conclusions: There is a need to make the rural women aware about hazardous effects of use of mishri through health education sessions to wean them out of this addiction, which is passed from one generation to the next as a tradition at an early age.
ANALISIS ISI LAMBUNG IKAN TAWES (Barbonymus gonionotus) DI HILIR SUNGAI BENGAWAN SOLO KABUPATEN LAMONGAN
Authors: Buwono Nanik Retno
Published: March 2019

Analisis isi lambung ikan dapat memberikan gambaran antara komposisi pakan alami dalam lambung dengan habitatnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan mengenai makanan alami ikan Tawes (Barbonymus gonionotus) dengan melihat isi lambung ikan, pola pertumbuhan dan faktor kondisi ikan di bagian hilir Sungai Bengawan Solo Kabupaten Lamongan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dengan pengambilan sampel dua minggu sekali selama 2 bulan. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa ikan tawes merupakan ikan herbivora. Rasio panjang relatif usus ikan tawes berkisar antara 2,0-2,1 cm yaitu panjang usus ikan tawes lebih panjang dari panjang total tubuhnya  yang menunjukkan ikan tawes bersifat herbivora. Frekuensi kejadian makanan ikan tawes didominasi dari jenis plankton Chlorophyta yaitu Akistrodesmus (100%) pada semua lambung yang teramati serta Ulotrix (94,4%) yang ditemukan di beberapa lambung yang teramati. Kisaran panjang tubuh ikan tawes antara  104,8-280,1 gram dan  memiliki pola pertumbuhan  allometrik  negatif. Faktor kondisi pada ikan  tawes betina dengan nilai rata-rata 1,4 dan pada ikan tawes jantan dengan nilai rata-rata 0,8. Faktor kondisi ikan tawes di Sungai Bengawan Solo memiliki faktor kondisi yang cukup tinggi hal ini berarti adanya kecocokan antara ikan dengan lingkungannya.
PENGGUNAAN BUBUK ABATE UNTUK MENURUNKAN DERAJAT INFESTASI DAN MERUSAK ORGAN PARASIT Argulus YANG MENGINFESTASI IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Ulkhaq Mohammad Faizal
Published: March 2019

Kematian ikan akibat serangan parasit Argulus dikarenakan ikan mengalami emasiasi sehingga dapat menurunkan sistem kekebalan tubuh ikan, selain itu munculnya luka pada kulit ikan akan dimanfaatkan sebagai port of entry bagi agen infeksi sekunder seperti jamur, bakteri dan virus. Pengendalian penyakit argulosis dengan bahan kimia yang tidak tepat dosis dapat mencemari lingkungan, sehingga perlu dicari alternatif bahan kimia yang aman terhadap lingkungan, yaitu abate. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui efektivitas perendaman abate untuk menurunkan derajat infestasi dan merusak organ parasit Argulus yang menginfestasi ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio). Perlakuan yang diberikan terdiri dari lima perlakuan dengan empat kali ulangan yaitu pemberian abate dengan konsentrasi 0 ppm (kontrol), 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm, dan 100 ppm yang direndam selama 30 menit. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini yaitu derajat infestasi Argulus yang menempel pada ikan mas, kerusakan organ Argulus dan nilai kualitas air pada awal dan akhir perendaman sebagai parameter pendukung. Data derajat infestasi Argulus pada ikan mas dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan ANOVA 5% yang dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT 5% sedangkan kerusakan organ Argulus dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk gambar dan tabel serta dihubungkan dengan parameter pendukung. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa perendaman abate tidak efektif untuk menurunkan derajat infestasi menginfestasi ikan mas (C. carpio), akan tetapi dapat menimbulkan kerusakan organ Argulus pada perlakuan 100 ppm. Kerusakan organ Argulus yang ditimbulkan yaitu rontoknya kaki ke-3 dan 4, abdomen yang menyatu serta produksi telur prematur. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan meningkatkan dosis abate (lebih dari 100 ppm) serta waktu inkubasi yang lebih lama (lebih dari 30 menit). Selain itu perlu diamati perubahan fisiologis ikan selama dilakukan perendaman dalam abate.
Gap Balancing, Measured Resection, and Kinematic Alignment
Authors: Mercuri John J. , Pepper Andrew M. , Werner Jordan A. , Vigdorchik Jonathan M.
Published: March 2019

» Although total knee arthroplasty is a successful and well-established surgical intervention, there is renewed interest in evaluating its theoretical underpinning and surgical techniques in order to identify areas for potential improvement in patient outcomes.

» The practice of using mechanical limb alignment for total knee arthroplasty arose from the design of the modern condylar knee prosthesis, with the goal of equally distributing stresses across the articulating surfaces of the prosthesis.

» With the kinematic alignment technique, the restoration of normal joint kinematics is based on 3 goals: (1) restoring the native tibiofemoral articular surfaces, (2) restoring the native limb and knee alignment, and (3) restoring the native laxity of the knee.

» With the gap-balancing technique, knee balance is primarily achieved through osseous resection and removal. Ligament releases may be necessary prior to completion of the bone resections in order to correct fixed deformities or to restore neutral mechanical alignment before determining component rotation.

» With measured resection, either the femur or the tibia can be resected first and in its entirety because all bone resections are independent of one another. Bone resections are fixed on the basis of osseous landmarks, implant dimensions, and patient anatomy.
The micronucleated erythrocytes in speeies of Iraqi fish as indieator of dilution
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The micronucleated erythrocytes in fish was used to detect water pollution by genotoxic agents. Fish belonging to different species were collected from three regions from Baghdad during three months (December/2000,January and February/2001 ).The micronucleated erythrocytes was observed in all the specimens. It was concluded that the genotoxic activity' in one region was less than in die other two regions.?
Effect of Welded Joints Design on the Joint Strength During Statie and Dynamie Loading with Different Current and Type of Wire Welding
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The aim of this research is to study the effect of welded joint design (Butt joint and lap joint) on thejoint strength during tension and fatigue loading with different current of welding (40,50,60,70,80) ^per, and different type of wire welding. The result of this research is showed that the effect of fatigue loading on the type of joint is more than the effect of tension loading on it. And the butt joint welding is better than the lap joint welding during the fatigue loaded.The experimental results of the effect of W'elding current showed that more increasing and more decreasing the value of the heat input, during the welding was found to produce mechanical brittleness on the buttjoint welding during the static and dynamic loading. Also it was found that welded lap joint properties are improved when the welding current is increase during the static and dynamic loading. Results indicate too that the more effect of the type of wires welding on the welded joint during the static and dynamic loading.?
Effect of Methotrexate on the Liver Enzymes and Lipid Profile in Adult Female Albino Mice
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Methotrexate (MTX) was used for treatment of malignancies and now is widely used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In this research the evaluation of the effects of MTX on some liver enzymes and lipid profile was studied. Twenty four adult female mice divided into three groups (8 mice each). The first two groups were treated with MTX while the third group was used as a control. MTX was intraperitoneally given at 50 µg/ml and 75 µg/ml to the first and second groups respectively for 35 days ,whereas the control group was intraperitoneally injected with normal saline. The results showed a significant (p
Synthesis and Identification of Some New Derivative of Trimethoprim and Paracetemol Drugs
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this research two series of the new derivatives of Trimethoprim and paracetamol drugs have been prepared which known as a high medicinal effectiveness. Series (A) is including the interaction of diazonium salt of trimethoprim and coupling with some substituted phenol compounds (2-amino phenol, 3-ethyl phenol, 1-naphthol, 2-nitro phenol, Salbutamol). Series (B) is including the interaction coupling alkali solution of paracetamol with diazonium salt of some substituted aniline compounds (Benzedine, 2, 3-di chloro aniline, Trimethoprim, Anilinium chloride, 2-nitro- 4-chloro aniline).Chemical structures of all synthesized compounds were confirmed by UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopy.
Survey study of intestinal parasites on Fresh vegetables collected from some Baghdad Sales and its role in human infection
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Fresh vegetables are an important part of a healthy diet. The consumption of raw vegetables without cooking or good washing can be a major rout of transmission to the parasitic infection. The goal of this study was to determine the intestinal parasitic contamination of fresh vegetables from vegetables sales markets in Baghdad province during the different above months of the year. A total of 303 samples of different vegetables were randomly selected from three wholesale markets distributed through different regions in Baghdad (East, West and South) and then were examined by a floatation method. The present study showed that the collected vegetables were contaminated with 12 species of intestinal parasites, and the total percentage of contamination was 161 (53.1%) . ZnSo4 solution showed the highest percentage of contaminated vegetables (31.2%) while sucrose showed the lowest percentage (8.9%).
Synthesis and Characterization of Five, Sevene Heterocyclic Membered Rings
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

New compounds containing heterocyclic units have been synthesized. These compounds include 2-amino 5- phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole (1) as starting material to prepare the Schiff bases 2N[3-nitrobenzylidene -2 hydroxy benzylidene and 4-N,N-dimethyl aminobenzylidene] -5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole (2abc) , 2N[3-nitrophenyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl or 4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl] 3-]2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole]-2,3-dihydro-[1,3]oxazepine-benzo-4,7-dione] (3abc), 2N[3-nitrophenyl,2-hydroxyphenyl,4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl]-3-[2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl]-2,3-dihydro-[1,3]oxazepine-4,7-dione[(4abc), 2-N-[3-nitrophenyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl or 4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl]-3-[2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2yl]-1,2,3-trihydro-benzo-[1,2-e][1,3] diazepine-4,7-dione (5abc) ,2N[2-(3-nitrophenyl,2-hydroxyphenyl or 4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidine-3-yl]-2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole (6abc), 2-N-[5-(3-nitrophenyl,2-hydroxyphenyl or 4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-tetrazolo-1-yl]-2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole (7abc) , 2-N-[5-(3-nitrophenyl,2-hydroxyphenyl or 4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-3-[2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl]-2,3-dihydro-[1,3]oxazepine-benzo-4,7-dithione (8abc) , 2-N-[5-(3-nitrophenyl,2-hydroxyphenyl or 4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-3-[2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl]-2,3-dihydro-[1,3]oxazepine -4,7-dithione -5-ene (9abc) and 2-N-[5-(3-nitrophenyl,2-hydroxyphenyl or 4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-3-[2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl] -1,2,3-trihydro-benzo-[1,2-e][1,3] diazepine -4,7-dithione - (10abc) . the structures of these compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H,13C-NMR,Uv/vis spectroscopy and the melting points were determined besides the evaluation of its biological activity.
Estimation of Testosterone, Estradiol and some Markers in Sera of Iraqi Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common disease and major cause of morbidity in elderly men which may lead to bladder outflow obstruction and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Although sex steroid hormones play fundamental roles in prostate growth, their clinical significance is not completely clear. In the present study we assessed whether serum hormones levels as markers of prostate disease. This study includes (40) patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and (40) control group with age rang (41-79) and (42-71) years respectively. The following biochemical investigations have been studied: Testosterone, Estradiol (E2), and Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) levels using ELISA method which correlated with the disease. Also body mass index (BMI), the prostate size by digital rectal examination (DRE), flow rate, and American Urology Association Symptoms Index (AUASI), of the patients which correlate hormones levels with age. The testosterone concentrations were significantly lower in patients with BPH than control group (p?0.05), while the Estradiol and PSA concentrations were significantly higher in patients with BPH than control group (p?0.05). The net result is a significant decrease in the T/E2 ratio allowing the imbalance between androgens and estrogen regulation of prostate growth to shift towards estrogen dominance. It has been proposed that increased estrogenic stimulation of the prostate in the aging male may lead to reactivation of growth and subsequent hyperplasia transformation