bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wirklichkeitsnahe und vollständige Bemessung von Ankerplatten einschließlich der Befestigungsmittel – neue Bemessungssoftware auf Basis wirklichkeitsnaher Annahmen
Authors: Fitz Mario , Appl Jörg , Geibig Oliver
Published: December 2018

Eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für die Anwendung der geltenden Bemessungsvorschriften für Befestigungsmittel, die in Beton verankert werden, ist die Annahme einer biegesteifen Ankerplatte, wenn die Beanspruchung der Befestigungsmittel nach der Elastizitätstheorie bestimmt wird. Jedoch gibt es hierzu keine klaren Regelungen, ab wann eine Ankerplatte als ausreichend biegesteif anzusehen ist. Die notwendige Überprüfung dieser Annahme am Ende einer Bemessung erfolgt demzufolge in aller Regel nicht bzw. durch sehr aufwendige Berechnungen von Hand. In diesem Artikel wird die Thematik umfassend beleuchtet. Es werden die aktuellen Bemessungsvorschriften für Befestigungsmittel in Kombination mit flexiblen, d. h. nicht unendlich biegesteifen Ankerplatten näher betrachtet. Darüber hinaus werden Konsequenzen aufgezeigt, die bei einer als vermeintlich biegesteif angenommenen Ankerplatte entstehen können. Schließlich werden Lösungswege aufgezeigt, wie der komplette Fußpunkt einschließlich Profil, Schweißnähte, Steifen, Ankerplatte, Dübel und Beton gesamthaft modelliert werden kann. In der Folge kann der Fußpunkt vollständig bemessen und über unterschiedliche Parameter optimiert werden. Die Autoren bedienen sich dabei der komponentenbasierten FE‐Methode. Wichtig ist, dass alle getroffenen Annahmen für die Bemessung der einzelnen Komponenten der vollständigen Verbindung sich nicht widersprechen dürfen. Hierzu war zum Teil weitere Forschungs‐ und Entwicklungsarbeit erforderlich.
Baulicher Brandschutz im Stahl‐ und Verbundbau in der Schweiz
Authors: Mensinger Martin
Published: December 2018

Der bauliche Brandschutz und die Heißbemessung von Stahl‐ und Verbundbauteilen besitzt in der Schweiz eine Tradition, die bis in die 50er‐Jahre des letzten Jahrhunderts zurückreicht. Im Aufsatz wird ein Überblick über aktuelle Regelungen bezüglich des erforderlichen Feuerwiderstands, den Umgang mit passiven Brandschutzmaßnahmen sowie neuere Entwicklungen bei der Heißbemessung von Stahl‐ und Verbundkonstruktionen gegeben.
Rokumigan alleviates oxaliplatin‐induced cold hypersensitivity by suppression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 and subfamily A member 1
Authors: Shimizu Kanako , Kato Yoshinori , Nakamura Hiroyoshi , Yamada Harumi
Published: December 2018

Aim

Oxaliplatin (Oxp) is a chemotherapeutic agent that is used to treat advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer. Oxp causes cold hypersensitivity in the acute therapy stage, however, by overexpression of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily melastatin, member 8 (TRPM8) and subfamily ankyrin, member 1 (TRPA1) ion channels, which sense low temperatures. In this study, we examined the effect of rokumigan (RG) on Oxp‐induced cold hypersensitivity.

Methods

We examined withdrawal response to cold stimulation and analyzed the expression of TRPM8 and TRPA1 mRNA in the 4th–6th lumbar vertebrae dorsal root ganglia of rats treated with RG, orally, at 1 g/kg/day for 12 days and Oxp, i.p., at 4 mg/kg twice per week, using quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.

Results

The withdrawal response to cold stimulation at 4 and 10°C was significantly improved with RG–Oxp co‐treatment. Overexpression of TRPM8 and TRPA1 mRNA induced by treatment with Oxp was restored to a level similar to that of the vehicle group by co‐treatment with RG.

Conclusion

The six herbs that constitute RG may potentially alleviate Oxp‐induced cold hypersensitivity. Further research is necessary to analyze the effect of each herbal component of RG on the expression of TRP channels.
Using Semantic Web technologies in the development of data warehouses: A systematic mapping
Authors: Gacitua Ricardo , Mazon Jose N. , Cravero Ania
Published: December 2018

The exploration and use of Semantic Web technologies have attracted considerable attention from researchers examining data warehouse (DW) development. However, the impact of this research and the maturity level of its results are still unclear. The objective of this study is to examine recently published research articles that take into account the use of Semantic Web technologies in the DW arena with the intention of summarizing their results, classifying their contributions to the field according to publication type, evaluating the maturity level of the results, and identifying future research challenges. Three main conclusions were derived from this study: (a) there is a major technological gap that inhibits the wide adoption of Semantic Web technologies in the business domain;(b) there is limited evidence that the results of the analyzed studies are applicable and transferable to industrial use; and (c) interest in researching the relationship between DWs and Semantic Web has decreased because new paradigms, such as linked open data, have attracted the interest of researchers.

This article is categorized under:

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Information Repositories

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Knowledge Representation

Algorithmic Development > Web Mining
Advances in the measurements of the mass attenuation coefficients
Authors: Ménesguen Yves , Dulieu Christophe , Lépy Marie‐Christine
Published: December 2018

The knowledge of atomic fundamental parameters, such as mass attenuation coefficients or fluorescence yields with low uncertainties, is of decisive importance in elemental quantification involving X‐ray fluorescence analysis techniques. Several databases providing the mass attenuation coefficients are accessible and frequently used within a large community of users. These compilations are most often in good agreement for photon energies in the hard X‐ray ranges. However, they significantly differ for low photon energies and around the absorption edges of the elements. Mass attenuation coefficients of several elements were determined experimentally in the photon energy range from 100 eV to 35 keV by using monochromatized radiation at the SOLEIL synchrotron (France). The application of high‐accuracy experimental techniques resulted in low uncertainty mass attenuation coefficients. The results are compared with tabulated data.
Analysis of convective heat transfer in channel flow with arbitrary rough surface
Authors: Ahn Jaewook , Choi Jung‐Il , Kang Kyungkeun
Published: December 2018

We consider forced convective heat transfer in a channel flow with a rough boundary. The roughness of the domain is expressed as the product of length scale ε and arbitrary smooth function h. The boundaries of the channel are assumed as hot (top) and cold (bottom) walls. We derive an effective model reflecting the rough boundary effects, and analyze the average Nusselt number and wall laws (effective boundary conditions). Consequently, we provide the criterion for the shape of the rough boundary to enhance the heat transfer. We further confirm that the Robin–type effective boundary condition is sufficient to describe the effect of the rough layer on the heat transfer.
Our Rationale of Initiating Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: A Proposal of Criteria for “Borderline Resectable” in the Field of Surgery for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Matsuyama Ryusei , Morioka Daisuke , Mori Ryutaro , Yabushita Yasuhiro , Hiratani Seigo , Ota Yohei , Kumamoto Takafumi , Endo Itaru
Published: December 2018

Background

The concept of “borderline resectable” was recently introduced to the field of surgery for pancreatic cancer, and surgical outcomes for this disease with extremely dismal prognosis have improved since the introduction of this concept. However, no such concept has yet been introduced to the field of surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCca).

Aim

To determine a definition and criteria for “borderline resectable” in the field of surgery for HCca.

Patients and methods

Retrospective analysis of 88 patients undergoing curative‐intent surgery for HCca at our institution between May 1992 and December 2008 to clarify independent prognostic factors.

Results

Survival outcomes were obtained for these 88 patients, with a 5‐year overall survival rate of 31.8%. Independent factors predictive of cancer death were determined by multivariate analysis to be the presence of regional lymph node metastasis (LNM) and pathological confirmed vascular invasion (VI). Cumulative survival rates of 23 patients with both LNM and VI who underwent surgery were significantly worse than those of the remaining 65 surgically treated patients and similar to those of 26 patients who were considered to have unresectable disease and treated with non‐surgical multidisciplinary treatment during the same study period.

Conclusion

Outcomes of surgery for cases of HCca showing regional LNM and VI were no better than those of non‐surgical treatment for unresectable disease. Coexistence of these two factors indicates oncologically dismal condition and thus such cases should be considered “borderline resectable.” Treatments additional to surgery are required for “borderline resectable” cases to obtain better outcomes.
Regional and Multimodal Analgesia to Reduce Opioid Use after Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Narrative Review
Authors: Soffin Ellen M. , Wu Christopher L.
Published: December 2018

Background

Elective total joint arthroplasty may be a gateway to long-term opioid use.

Questions/Purpose

We sought to review the literature on multimodal and regional analgesia as a strategy to minimize perioperative opioid use and control pain in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

We conducted a narrative review to assess the state of the evidence informing opioid-sparing analgesics for THA and TKA. A PubMed search was conducted for English-language articles published before April 2018. We preferentially included well-designed randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Where the highest levels of evidence were not yet apparent, we evaluated retrospective and/or observational studies.

Results

Multimodal analgesia emphasizing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and acetaminophen is associated with decreases in perioperative opioid use for THA and TKA. Regional analgesia, including peripheral nerve blocks and local infiltration analgesia, is also associated with decreased perioperative opioid use for THA and TKA. Emerging topics in post-arthroplasty analgesia include (1) the value of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, (2) the use of peripheral nerve catheters and extended-release local anesthetics to prolong the duration of opioid-free analgesia, and (3) novel peripheral nerve blocks, exemplified by the IPACK (interspace between the popliteal artery and posterior capsule of the knee) block for TKA.

Conclusions

The use of multimodal analgesia with regional techniques may decrease perioperative opioid use for patients undergoing THA and TKA. These techniques should be part of a comprehensive perioperative plan to promote adequate analgesia while minimizing overall opioid exposure.
Thermal Stability of Rolled Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel 1.4307 Studied Using Positron Annihilation
Authors: Dryzek E. , Sarnek M. , Wróbel M.
Published: December 2018

Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) was used in the study of cumulative isochronal and isothermal annealing of rolled 1.4307 (EN) stainless steel (SS). Due to different rolling temperatures, the SS samples varied in the α′-martensite volume fraction from 0.09 to 0.91. The measurements of positron annihilation characteristics, i.e., Doppler broadening (DB) of the annihilation line, showed a gradual annealing of vacancies in the temperature range between 200 °C and 400 °C, which indicated the first stage of recovery. This first stage of recovery did not change the microhardness. In the temperature range from 475 °C to 600 °C, a decrease in the microhardness and generation of new open volume defects accompanying the reversion of α′-martensite to austenite was observed. The amount of these defects correlated with the initial α′-martensite volume fraction. Their formation could be related to the volume contraction occurring during bcc/fcc transformation. The different chemical surroundings suggested that the positron trapping defects were associated with the metal carbide precipitates.
Occupancy detection in non-residential buildings – A survey and novel privacy preserved occupancy monitoring solution
Authors: Ahmad J. , Larijani H. , Emmanuel R. , Mannion M. , Javed A.
Published: December 2018

Buildings use approximately 40% of global energy and are responsible for almost a third of the worldwide greenhouse gas emissions. They also utilise about 60% of the world’s electricity. In the last decade, stringent building regulations have led to significant improvements in the quality of the thermal characteristics of many building envelopes. However, similar considerations have not been paid to the number and activities of occupants in a building, which play an increasingly important role in energy consumption, optimisation processes, and indoor air quality. More than 50% of the energy consumption could be saved in Demand Controlled Ventilation (DCV) if accurate information about the number of occupants is readily available (Mysen et al., 2005). But due to privacy concerns, designing a precise occupancy sensing/counting system is a highly challenging task. While several studies count the number of occupants in rooms/zones for the optimisation of energy consumption, insufficient information is available on the comparison, analysis and pros and cons of these occupancy estimation techniques. This paper provides a review of occupancy measurement techniques and also discusses research trends and challenges. Additionally, a novel privacy preserved occupancy monitoring solution is also proposed in this paper. Security analyses of the proposed scheme reveal that the new occupancy monitoring system is privacy preserved compared to other traditional schemes.
Government Responsiveness under Majoritarian and (within) Proportional Electoral Systems
Authors: Ferland Benjamin
Published: December 2018

Government responsiveness to citizens’ preferences is considered a sign of a well-functioning representative democracy. While the empirical literature has grown significantly, scholars have given less scrutiny to the conceptualization of government responsiveness and its relationship to policy/ideological congruence. We show that government responsiveness represents dynamic changes from governments in order to improve policy/ideological congruence. In addition, we consider how electoral systems influence governments’ incentives to be responsive as well as their capacity to be responsive. Building on a veto player approach, we argue that government responsiveness decreases as the number of parties in cabinet increases. We examine government responsiveness to citizens’ ideological preferences in 16 advanced democracies in 1980–2016 with respect to social spending. In line with our veto player framework, we show, first, that governments are generally more responsive under majoritarian than PR electoral systems and, second, that government responsiveness decreases under PR electoral systems as the number of parties increases in cabinet.
Structure of the hydraulic jump in convergent radial flows
Authors: Ivanova K. A. , Gavrilyuk S. L.
Published: December 2018

We are interested in the modelling of multi-dimensional turbulent hydraulic jumps in convergent radial flow. To describe the formation of intensive eddies (rollers) at the front of the hydraulic jump, a new model of shear shallow water flows is used. The governing equations form a non-conservative hyperbolic system with dissipative source terms. The structure of equations is reminiscent of generic Reynolds-averaged Euler equations for barotropic compressible turbulent flows. Two types of dissipative term are studied. The first one corresponds to a Chézy-like dissipation rate, and the second one to a standard energy dissipation rate commonly used in compressible turbulence. Both of them guarantee the positive definiteness of the Reynolds stress tensor. The equations are rewritten in polar coordinates and numerically solved by using an original splitting procedure. Numerical results for both types of dissipation are presented and qualitatively compared with the experimental works. The results show both experimentally observed phenomena (cusp formation at the front of the hydraulic jump) as well as new flow patterns (the shape of the hydraulic jump becomes a rotating square).
Differential Experience of Peer Victimisation Among Children With Learning Disabilities in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Jacob Yuichung , Ryan Courtney M. , Fung Annis L.C. , Gerstein Lawrence H. , Kinsey Rebecca M.
Published: December 2018

Children with learning disabilities (LDs) are often targets of peer bullying. Studies have confirmed the distress associated with victimisation impairs academic performance. Research has also shown that boys experience victimisation differently than girls. This study examined whether students with LDs were more likely to be victimised, whether there was a gender difference in victimisation, and how students were victimised. Hong Kong children participated (162 with and 162 without LDs). Results indicated that students with LDs experienced increased levels of victimisation, and boys compared to girls with LDs sustained more physical victimisation. Academic performance did not significantly mediate the relationship between LDs and victimisation. Prevention and intervention strategies are discussed for this population.
Human Rights Under Attack: What Comes Next?
Authors: Ishay Micheline
Published: December 2018

Samuel Moyn argues that the human rights movement, which thrived in the 1970s and peaked after the Cold War, became dominated by a misplaced focus on sufficiency rather than equality, ultimately abetting neoliberalism. He deplores the rise and fall of an egalitarian and redistributive worldview, from the Jacobin era to the slow decline of socialism in the twentieth century, culminating in ineffectual and unambitious human rights endeavors. Here Moyn cavalierly dismisses the enormous achievements of the human rights movement in many countries, overlooking the contributions of unsung heroes who fought for human rights at the peril of their lives. Even readers who share Moyn's political perspective will find little solace, either in the form of lessons learned or in forward-looking strategies for addressing socioeconomic inequity and other human rights violations of our time.
Particular Webs:Middlemarch,Typologies, and Digital Studies of Women's Lives
Authors: Booth Alison
Published: December 2018

[H]e was enamoured of that arduous invention which is the very eye of research, provisionally framing its object and correcting it to more and more exactness of relation … to pierce the obscurity of those minute processes.

—George Eliot,Middlemarch

It would be hard to discover a theoretical or aesthetic approach to George Eliot'sMiddlemarchthat is not already anticipated in some way by the novel's sagacious narrator. Possibly that persona, the quintessential Victorian polymath, does not foresee digital humanities as we know it. But critics have been struck as much by Eliot's prototyping of information systems, semiotics, and network analysis as by her humanist ethics. Casaubon does not invent the database of myths any more than Lydgate discovers DNA, or than Marian Evans Lewes rivals Ada Lovelace and Charles Babbage. As I illustrate a kind of digital research that adjusts to the minute particulars of narrative, I hope to keep sight of historical distances between the 1830s, the 1870s, and the era of feminist Victorian studies that I sketch here. Lydgate's penetrative “invention,” in the epigraph, is associated elsewhere in the novel with his actual “flesh-and-blood” vitality: “He cared not only for ‘cases,’ but for John and Elizabeth, especially Elizabeth” (Middlemarch, chap. 15). He is as dedicated to evidence as the narrator, in many scientific analogies, counsels readers to be, and yet he approaches his own life story and the characters of women with a kind of prejudgment that filters out most data. Eliot's readers, seeing Lydgate's errors, are flattered into believing we miss no signals and see all analogies. Can contemporary readers appreciate both numerical cases and individual stories of women? In this article I try to outline a feminist criticism that encompasses both typological classifications and flesh-and-blood individuality, both digital research and interpretative advocacy.
Linking with W. R. Bion
Authors: Christoff Alicia Jean Mireles
Published: December 2018

In his evocatively named “Attacks on Linking,” originally published in theInternational Journal of Psycho-Analysisin 1959, W. R. Bion describes patients who produce symptoms—hallucinations, stutters, sleepiness—designed, unconsciously, to destroy closeness with the analyst. In a numbered list of “clinical examples,” Bion describes incidents from his own practice: one patient sees a blue haze filling the room. Another reports two probability clouds floating in the air. A third tries to agree with what Bion has said, but stammers so markedly that he cannot get the words out. A fourth hallucinates that a piece of iron falls to the floor. The haze, the clouds, the stuttering, the “dead piece of iron,” initially inexplicable, become in Bion's hands “attacks on linking”: ways not to see, not to speak, not to connect, not to think.
Why Beauty Matters
Authors: Levine George
Published: December 2018

For those of us for whom “literary Darwinism,” which bases its “scientific” approach to literary criticism on evolutionary psychology, has seemed an intellectual disaster, but who continue to believe that it is important to incorporate science cooperatively into our study of literature; for those who are concerned about how art and literature matter in a world so troubled and dangerous; for those convinced Darwinians who find themselves skeptical about and uneasy with the mechanico-materialist version of Darwinism that Richard Dawkins and Daniel Dennett have made popular; for those who find that the science they credit is yet inadequately attentive to women's perspectives, Richard Prum'sThe Evolution of Beautyoffers a potentially marvelous option. A distinguished ornithologist, Prum has undertaken an enormously ambitious project, whose implications run from evolutionary biology to aesthetics. From the perspective of a very unscientific literary guy and a wannabe birder, I slightly distrust my enthusiasm for the book. But Prum's arguments are creatively provocative and brilliantly argued, even when they get rather iffily hypothetical; his ornithological studies are intrinsically fascinating, even to nonbirders, and at the same time they have potentially transformative implications. What he has to say, even if his inferences can and should be challenged, deserves the most serious engagement.
Neural architectures for open-type relation argument extraction
Authors: Roth Benjamin , Conforti Costanza , Poerner Nina , Karn Sanjeev Kumar , Schütze Hinrich
Published: December 2018

In this work, we focus on the task of open-type relation argument extraction (ORAE): given a corpus, a query entity Q, and a knowledge base relation (e.g., “Q authored notable work with title X”), the model has to extract an argument of non-standard entity type (entities that cannot be extracted by a standard named entity tagger, for example, X: the title of a book or a work of art) from the corpus. We develop and compare a wide range of neural models for this task yielding large improvements over a strong baseline obtained with a neural question answering system. The impact of different sentence encoding architectures and answer extraction methods is systematically compared. An encoder based on gated recurrent units combined with a conditional random fields tagger yields the best results. We release a data set to train and evaluate ORAE, based on Wikidata and obtained by distant supervision.
Characterizing the Effects of Sex, APOE ɛ4, and Literacy on Mid-life Cognitive Trajectories: Application of Information-Theoretic Model Averaging and Multi-model Inference Techniques to the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention Study
Authors: Koscik Rebecca L. , Norton Derek L. , Allison Samantha L. , Jonaitis Erin M. , Clark Lindsay R. , Mueller Kimberly D. , Hermann Bruce P. , Engelman Corinne D. , Gleason Carey E. , Sager Mark A. , Chappell Richard J. , Johnson Sterling C.
Published: December 2018

Objectives: Prior research has identified numerous genetic (including sex), education, health, and lifestyle factors that predict cognitive decline. Traditional model selection approaches (e.g., backward or stepwise selection) attempt to find one model that best fits the observed data, risking interpretations that only the selected predictors are important. In reality, several predictor combinations may fit similarly well but result in different conclusions (e.g., about size and significance of parameter estimates). In this study, we describe an alternative method, Information-Theoretic (IT) model averaging, and apply it to characterize a set of complex interactions in a longitudinal study on cognitive decline. Methods: Here, we used longitudinal cognitive data from 1256 late–middle aged adults from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention study to examine the effects of sex, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele (non-modifiable factors), and literacy achievement (modifiable) on cognitive decline. For each outcome, we applied IT model averaging to a set of models with different combinations of interactions among sex, APOE, literacy, and age. Results: For a list-learning test, model-averaged results showed better performance for women versus men, with faster decline among men; increased literacy was associated with better performance, particularly among men. APOE had less of an association with cognitive performance in this age range (∼40–70 years). Conclusions: These results illustrate the utility of the IT approach and point to literacy as a potential modifier of cognitive decline. Whether the protective effect of literacy is due to educational attainment or intrinsic verbal intellectual ability is the topic of ongoing work. (JINS, 2019, 25, 119–133)
Climate change: reshaping mortality differences within the United Kingdom?
Authors: Naqvi R. , Hall M.
Published: December 2018

Older people are higher contributors to mortality excess and most sensitive to environmental influences, e.g. temperature. As the population ages, variability in temperature is liable to impact a large proportion of life insurance or pension policies in a portfolio. Climate change is projected to significantly affect future mean temperatures. Moreover, future changes in mean temperature are estimated to vary across different regions of the United Kingdom. Accordingly, the present paper investigates the potential impact of future mean temperature changes on older-age mortality in England & Wales and Scotland. The corresponding effect on older-age mortality differences between England & Wales and Scotland is also investigated.
Herbicide-Resistant Kochia (Bassia scoparia) in North America: A Review
Authors: Kumar Vipan , Jha Prashant , Jugulam Mithila , Yadav Ramawatar , Stahlman Phillip W.
Published: December 2018

Kochia [Bassia scoparia(L.) A. J. Scott] is a problematic annual broadleaf weed species in the North American Great Plains.Bassia scopariainherits unique biological characteristics that contribute to its propensity to evolve herbicide resistance. Evolution of glyphosate resistance inB. scopariahas become a serious threat to the major cropping systems and soil conservation practices in the region.Bassia scopariapopulations with resistance to four different herbicide sites of action are a concern for growers. The widespread occurrence of multiple herbicide–resistant (HR)B. scopariaacross the North American Great Plains has renewed research efforts to devise integrated weed management strategies beyond herbicide use. In this review, we aim to compile and document the growing body of literature on HRB. scopariawith emphasis on herbicide-resistance evolutionary dynamics, distribution, mechanisms of evolved resistance, agronomic impacts, and current/future weed management technologies. We focused on ecologically based, non-herbicidal strategies such as diverse crop rotations comprising winter cereals and perennial forages, enhanced crop competition, cover crops, harvest weed seed control (HWSC), and tillage to manage HRB. scopariaseedbanks. Remote sensing using hyperspectral imaging and other sensor-based technologies would be valuable for early detection and rapid response and site-specific herbicide resistance management. We propose research priorities based on an improved understanding of the biology, genetic diversity, and plasticity of this weed that will aid in preserving existing herbicide resources and designing sustainable, integrated HRB. scopariamitigation plans.
Arten und Häufigkeiten von Komplikationen bei Midline-Kathetern und PICCs in einem Südtiroler Bezirkskrankenhaus – eine retrospektive Kohortenstudie
Authors: Kostner Roman , Mairvongrasspeinten Hanna , De Martin Polo Andrea , Vittadello Fabio , Ausserhofer Dietmar , Mantovan Franco
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung.Hintergrund: Bei der Insertion und Pflege peripher eingeführter Zentralvenenkatheter (Peripherally Inserted Central venous Catheters / PICCs) und Midline-Katheter spielen in angelsächsischen Ländern spezialisierte Krankenpflegepersonen eine zentrale Rolle. Aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum liegen keine Daten zur Verwendung von PICCs und Midline-Kathetern vor. Ziel: Ziel war es, die Arten und Häufigkeiten von Komplikationen bei PICCs und Midline-Kathetern zu beschreiben, welche von spezialisierten Krankenpflegepersonen in einem Südtiroler Bezirkskrankenhaus angelegt wurden. Methoden: Es wurde eine retrospektive Kohortenstudie im Rahmen eines Implementierungsprojekts für die im Zeitraum 2013 bis 2015 in einer chirurgischen Abteilung angelegten PICCs und Midline-Katheter durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Es wurden die Daten von insgesamt 900 Kathetern (421 Midline-Katheter und 479 PICCs) bei insgesamt 686 erwachsenen Patientinnen und Patienten (404 Frauen, 282 Männer) analysiert. Die kumulative Inzidenz lag bei 29,2 % Komplikationen für Midline-Katheter (Inzidenzdichte: 13 Komplikationen / 1000 Kathetertage) bzw. 16,0 % für PICCs (Inzidenzdichte: 3 Komplikationen / 1000 Kathetertage). Die häufigste Komplikation war die Selbstentfernung der Katheter (PICCs: 6,7 %; Midline-Katheter: 15,7 %). Weniger häufig kamen mechanische Komplikationen, Okklusionen, Infektionen und Thrombosen vor. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Komplikationsarten und -häufigkeiten für PICCs und Midline-Katheter lagen im Rahmen der internationalen Literatur. Spezialisierte Krankenpflegepersonen könnten auch im deutschsprachigen Raum erweiterte Rollen bei der Insertion und Pflege von PICCs und Midline-Kathetern entwickeln.
Global Seismic Nowcasting With Shannon Information Entropy
Authors: Rundle John B. , Giguere Alexis , Turcotte Donald L. , Crutchfield James P. , Donnellan Andrea
Published: December 2018

Seismic nowcasting uses counts of small earthquakes as proxy data to estimate the current dynamical state of an earthquake fault system. The result is an earthquake potential score that characterizes the current state of progress of a defined geographic region through its nominal earthquake “cycle.” The count of small earthquakes since the last large earthquake is the natural time that has elapsed since the last large earthquake (Varotsos et al., 2006, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.74.021123). In addition to natural time, earthquake sequences can also be analyzed using Shannon information entropy (“information”), an idea that was pioneered by Shannon (1948, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538‐7305.1948.tb01338.x). As a first step to add seismic information entropy into the nowcasting method, we incorporate magnitude information into the natural time counts by using event self‐information. We find in this first application of seismic information entropy that the earthquake potential score values are similar to the values using only natural time. However, other characteristics of earthquake sequences, including the interevent time intervals, or the departure of higher magnitude events from the magnitude‐frequency scaling line, may contain additional information.
Characteristics of Coastal Low‐Level Jets in the Bohai Sea, China, During the Early Warm Season
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhang Qinghong , Du Yu , Kong Hoiio
Published: December 2018

We investigate coastal low‐level jets (CLLJs) in the early warm season during 2006–2011 over the Bohai Sea using a 9‐km horizontal resolution output data from the Weather Research and Forecasting model. CLLJs mainly occur in May when large‐scale low is located over land to the north and the Pacific high is located to the southeast of the study area. The occurrence of the CLLJs exhibits an obvious diurnal cycle with two different peaks: one at night, located mainly in the central region, and the other in the afternoon, located in the northern region with mountains at both eastern and western sides. A momentum budget analysis shows that inertial oscillations, triggered by land‐sea thermal contrast, results in the formation of nocturnal CLLJs in the Bohai Sea. In addition, sensitivity experiments show that the enhanced atmospheric baroclinicity, caused by unbalanced solar radiation over the western mountain of the northern region, dominates the occurrence of afternoon CLLJs in the northern area of the Bohai Sea. Besides that, the eastern topography plays a main role as barrier and, therefore, traps CLLJs by topography blocking to its western side.
Genomic and regulatory characteristics of significant transcription factors in colorectal cancer metastasis
Authors: Zhou Bin , Guo Rui
Published: December 2018

The dysregulation of transcription factors has an important impact on the oncogenesis and tumor progression. Nonetheless, its functions in colorectal cancer metastasis are still unclear. In this study, four transcription factors (HNF4A, HSF1, MECP2 and RAD21) were demonstrated to be associated with the metastasis of colorectal cancer in both RNA and protein levels. To comprehensively explore the intrinsic mechanisms, we profiled the molecular landscape of these metastasis-related transcription factors from multiple perspectives. In particular, as the crucial factors affecting genome stability, both copy number variation and DNA methylation exerted their strengths on the expression of these transcription factors (except MECP2). Additionally, based on a series of bioinformatics analyses, putative long non-coding RNAs were identified as functional regulators. Besides that, rely on the ATAC-Seq and ChIP-Seq profiles, we detected the target genes regulated by each transcription factor in the active chromatin zones. Finally, we inferred the associations between the target genes by Bayesian networks and identified LMO7 and ARL8A as potential clinical biomarkers. Taken together, our research systematically characterized the regulatory cascades of HNF4A, HSF1, MECP2 and RAD21 in colorectal cancer metastasis.
Use of the Normalized Difference Road Landside Index (NDRLI)-based method for the quick delineation of road-induced landslides
Authors: Zhao Yinjun , Huang Yuying , Liu Hanhu , Wei Yongping , Lin Qing , Lu Yuan
Published: December 2018

Recognition and classification of road-related landslides are a critical requirement in pre- and post-disaster hazard analysis. They are primarily done through field mapping or manual image interpretation from commercial satellites images. This paper developed a Normalized Difference Road Landside Index (NDRLI)-based method to delineate road-induced landslides and enhance their presence in remotely sensed digital imagery based on free Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) sources. The NDRLI-based method includes NDRLI, Shape Index of Spectral Curve (SISC), and other optimizing steps such as deleting shadow and slope <20° area to recognise landslides. The test results show that the NDRLI-based method is effective in extracting road-induced landslide information, although the Kappa coefficient should be further improved.
Inverse Doppler Effects in Pipe Instruments
Authors: Zhai S. L. , Zhao J. , Shen F. L. , Li L. L. , Zhao X. P.
Published: December 2018

Music is older than language, and for most of human history music holds our culture together. The pipe instrument is one of the most popular musical instruments of all time. Built on the foundation of previous flute and flute-like acoustic metamaterial models, we herein report the experimental results of the inverse Doppler effects discovered in two common pipe instruments - recorder and clarinet. Our study shows that the inverse Doppler effects can be detected at all seven pitches of an ascending musical scale when there is a relative motion between a microphone (observer) and abovementioned two pipe instruments (source). The calculated effective refractive indices of these two pipe instruments are negative and varying across a set of pitches, exhibiting a desired characteristic of broadband acoustic metamaterials. This study suggests that recorder and clarinet may be the earliest man-made acoustic metamaterials known so far, offering a new explanation why pipe instruments have enjoyed wide popularity in Europe and Asia over the past hundreds and thousands years. This newly discovered phenomenon would also offer a clue into designing next-generation smart broadband double-negative acoustic metamaterials with varying refractive index.
Sox9 regulates cell state and activity of embryonic mouse mammary progenitor cells
Authors: Kogata Naoko , Bland Philip , Tsang Mandy , Oliemuller Erik , Lowe Anne , Howard Beatrice A.
Published: December 2018

Embryonic mammary cells are a unique population comprised of undifferentiated, highly plastic progenitor cells that create normal mammary tissues. The mammary gland continues to develop after birth from descendants of embryonic mammary cells. Here, we establish cell lines from mouse mammary organs, immediately after they formed during prenatal development, to facilitate studies of primitive mammary cells, which are difficult to isolate in sufficient quantities for use in functional experiments. We show that some lines can be induced to secrete milk, a distinguishing feature of mammary epithelial cells. Targeted deletion of Sox9, from one clone, decreases the ability to respond to lactogenic stimuli, consistent with a previously identified role for Sox9 in regulating luminal progenitor function. Sox9 ablation also leads to alterations in 3D morphology and downregulation of Zeb1, a key epithelial–mesenchymal transition regulator. Prenatal mammary cell lines are an invaluable resource to study regulation of mammary progenitor cell biology and development.
Evidence for diffusing atomic oxygen uncovered by separating reactants with a semi-permeable nanocapsule barrier
Authors: Omlid Sara M. , Dergunov Sergey A. , Isor Ankita , Sulkowski Kathryn L. , Petroff John T. , Pinkhassik Eugene , McCulla Ryan D.
Published: December 2018

Ground-state atomic oxygen [O(3P)] is an oxidant whose formation in solution was proposed but never proven.
Effect of hydrogen bonding on innocent and non-innocent axial ligands bound to iron porphyrins
Authors: Singha Asmita , Mittra Kaustuv , Dey Abhishek
Published: December 2018

Most known heme enzymes utilize hydrogen bonding interactions in their active sites to control electronic and geometric structures and the ensuing reactivity.
Evidence of proton-coupled mixed-valency by electrochemical behavior on transition metal complex dimers bridged by two Ag+ions
Authors: Tadokoro Makoto , Isogai Kazuo , Harada Shohei , Kouchi Takaya , Yamane Takeshi , Sugaya Tomoaki , Kamebuchi Hajime
Published: December 2018

H-Bonded metal complex dimers with reversible redox behavior connected by an LBHB can provide a unique mixed-valency state. However, the metal complexes substituted two H-bonding protons to two Ag+ions electrochemically have no mixed-valency state.
In situ growth of metallic Ag0 intercalated CoAl layered double hydroxides as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solutions
Authors: Deng Xiaolong , Huang Jinzhao , Chen Fashen , Wan Hao , Lin Yifan , Xu Xijin , Ma Renzhi , Sasaki Takayoshi
Published: December 2018

Metallic Ag0 intercalated CoAl LDHs synthesized via a facile redox process exhibited excellent ORR activity through a four-electron reduction process.
Bis(bipyridine) ruthenium(ii) bis(phosphido) metalloligand: synthesis of heterometallic complexes and application to catalytic (E)-selective alkyne semi-hydrogenation
Authors: Takemoto Shin , Kitamura Manami , Saruwatari Shuhei , Isono Atsutaka , Takada Yoko , Nishimori Rie , Tsujiwaki Mina , Sakaue Naoki , Matsuzaka Hiroyuki
Published: December 2018

The first (bpy)2Ru(ii) phosphido complex serves as an effective bidentate metallophosphine ligand to generate catalytically active heterobimetallic species.
Enhancement in lifespan of halide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Qiong , Phung Nga , Di Girolamo Diego , Vivo Paola , Abate Antonio
Published: December 2018

All inorganic perovskite solar cells lead to extended device lifespan in an accelerated ageing test.
Hot carriers generated by plasmons: where are they generated and where do they go from there?
Authors: Khurgin Jacob B.
Published: December 2018

A physically transparent unified theory of optically- and plasmon-induced hot carrier generation in metals is developed with all of the relevant mechanisms included.
Azulenes with aryl substituents bearing pentafluorosulfanyl groups: synthesis, spectroscopic and halochromic properties
Authors: Webster Stephen J. , López-Alled Carlos M. , Liang Xinxing , McMullin Claire L. , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele , Lyall Catherine L. , James Tony D. , Wenk Jannis , Cameron Petra J. , Lewis Simon E.
Published: December 2018

Azulenes with SF5-containing substituents gave significantly different spectroscopic responses to protonation depending on the regioisomer in question.
Rare earth element, Sm, modified graphite phase carbon nitride heterostructure for photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Li Lingjiao , Yu Hai , Xu Jing , Zhao Sheng , Liu Zeying , Li Yanru
Published: December 2018

A new type of Sm2O3@Ni7S6/g-C3N4 composite has high photocatalytic activity and stability.
Intramolecular trapping of ammonium ylides with N-benzoylbenzotriazoles in aqueous medium: direct access to the pseudoindoxyl scaffold
Authors: Devi Lalita , Shukla Rashmi , Rastogi Namrata
Published: December 2018

The present work documents an operationally simple, clean and practical method for accessing the 2,2-disubstituted indolin-3-one (pseudoindoxyl) scaffold.
Inhomogeneous assembly of driven nematic colloids
Authors: Pagès Josep M. , Straube Arthur V. , Tierno Pietro , Ignés-Mullol Jordi , Sagués Francesc
Published: December 2018

Colloidal particles are assembled into different states of aggregation driven by liquid-crystal-enabled electrokinetic propulsion.
TLR4 and MMP2 polymorphisms and their associations with cardiovascular risk factors in susceptibility to aortic aneurysmal diseases
Authors: Li Tan , Jing Jingjing , Sun Liping , Jiang Bo , Xin Shijie , Yang Jun , Yuan Yuan
Published: December 2018

Background: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) play important roles in aortic pathophysiology. We aimed to evaluate the contribution of TLR4 and MMP2 polymorphisms individually and complex interactions between gene and risk factors in susceptibility to aortic aneurysm (AA) and its subtypes. Methods: KASP method was adopted to detect TLR4rs11536889, rs1927914 and MMP2rs2285053 polymorphisms in 498 controls and 472 AA patients, including 212 abdominal AA (AAA) and 216 thoracic AA (TAA). Results: In the overall analysis, MMP2rs2285053 TC genotype was correlated with TAA risk (P = 0.047, OR = 1.487). Stratified analysis revealed an increased AA risk in males with TLR4rs1927914 TC genotype, while MMP2rs2285053 TC conferred an elevated AA risk in the subjects ≤60 years, and its TC genotype and dominant model were associated with TAA in the subjects ≤60 year. The interaction between TLR4rs1927914 and MMP2rs2285053 was associated with AAA risk (Pinteraction = 0.028, OR = 2.913). Furthermore, significant interaction between TLR4rs11536889 and dyslipidemia was observed for TAA risk, while TLR4rs1927914 could interact with hypertension and diabetes to increase the risk of AA or its subtypes. Two-way interaction effect of TLR4rs1927914 and MMP2rs2285053 was enhanced by diabetes or dyslipidemia. Conclusion: TLR4 and MMP2 polymorphisms and their complex interactions with cardiovascular risk factors contributed to aortic aneurysmal diseases.
The relationship between tooth loss and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular diseases, and coronary heart disease in the general population: systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Peng Juxiang , Song Jukun , Han Jing , Chen Zhu , Yin Xinhai , Zhu Jianguo , Song Jinlin
Published: December 2018

Background: The association of tooth loss with mortality from all causes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and coronary heart disease (CHD) has been studied for many years; however, the results are inconsistent.

Method: PubMed, Embase, Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane Oral Health Group’s Trials Register databases were searched for papers published from 1966 to August 2018. We conducted dose–response meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the relation between tooth loss and risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, and CHD.

Results: In the present study, 18 prospective studies conducted until August 2018 were considered eligible for analysis. In the analysis of linear association, the summarized relative risk (RR) values for each 10-, 20-, and 32-tooth loss for all-cause mortality were 1.15 (1.11–1.19), 1.33 (1.23–1.29), and 1.57 (1.39–1.51), respectively. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed consistent results. A linear relationship was found among all-cause mortality, with Pnonlinearity = 0.306. The susceptibility to all-cause mortality increased by almost 1.48 times at very high tooth loss (28–32), and slight flattening of the curve was noted. However, the summarized RR values for increment for 10-, 20-, and 32-tooth loss were not or were marginally related to increased risk of mortality from CVD/CHD. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses revealed inconsistent results. Tooth loss showed linear association with CHD mortality but not with CVD mortality. The susceptibility to all-cause mortality increased by almost 1.48 and 1.70 times for CVD and CHD, respectively, at very high tooth loss (28–32). The curve exhibited slight flattening; however, no statistical significance was detected.

Conclusion: In the meta-analysis, our findings confirmed the positive relationship between tooth loss and susceptibility to all-cause mortality, but not for circulatory mortality. However, the finding that tooth loss might play a harmful role in the development of all-cause mortality remains inconclusive. Tooth loss may be a potential risk marker for all-cause mortality: however, their association must be further validated through large prospective studies.