bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immediate and midterm follow-up results of excimer laser application in complex percutaneous coronary interventions: Report from a single center experience
Authors: Tarsia Giandomenico , de Michele Mario , Viceconte Nicola , Takagi Kensuke , Biscione Carmine , del Prete Giuseppe , Polosa Domenico , Osanna Roccoaldo , Lisanti Pasquale
Published: March 2013

Objective

To assess the efficacy and safety of laser-assisted percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in an unselected population.

Methods

One hundred consecutive patients, who underwent a laser assisted PCI between January 2008 and March 2012, were included in the present study. Fifty-one patients underwent laser ablation for thrombus vaporization (Group 1), 36 patients for neointima/plaque debulking (Group 2) and 13 patients for lesion compliance modification in calcified lesions (Group 3).

Results

The rate of in-hospital serious events was 2%. The cumulative laser success was 82%, and it was significantly higher for Group 1 and Group 2 in comparison with Group 3 (p=0.001). Furthermore, the need for repeat revascularization was significantly higher in the Group 3 compared with the others two groups (46% vs. 8% for Group 1 and 11% for Group 2, p=0.03). The MACE rate was 14%. There was a trend toward a higher MACE rate in the Group 3 compared with others two groups (p=0.05).

Conclusions

Laser ablation is an effective and safe tool for complex PCI. Patients underwent laser for thrombus vaporization or for neointima/plaque debulking had better immediate success and better outcome at follow-up than patients underwent laser for lesion compliance modification.
Laser-assisted myringotomy versus conventional myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion in treatment of otitis media with effusion: Long-term follow-up
Authors: Youssef Tarek Fouad , Ahmed Mohamed Rifaat
Published: March 2013

Background

Otitis media with effusion is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in the pediatric population. Insertion of ventilation tubes with or without adenoidectomy is the accepted and standard surgical procedure. CO2 laser myringotomy without tube placement has been advocated as an alternative treatment.

Aim

To compare long-term follow-up results of laser versus classical myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion over five years.

Materials and Methods

86 patients with bilateral otitis media with effusion were divided into two groups: laser myringotomy group and myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion group, with follow-up in hearing results and recurrence rates over five years.

Results

The mean patency time of myringotomy in laser group was 23 days, while the mean patency time of the ventilation tubes ears was 4.0 months in myringotomy group. Twelve patients in laser group (13.9%) showed a recurrent otitis media with effusion compared to 9 patients in myringotomy group (10.4%).

Conclusion

Laser fenestration is a less effective alternative to myringotomy and tube placement. The recurrence rates after both procedures did not show statistical significance over long follow-up. It might be considered as an effective alternative to classical surgery and ideal for short-term ventilation.
Perinatal outcomes of idiopathic polyhydramnios
Authors: Taskin Salih , Pabuccu Emre Göksan , Kanmaz Ahkam Göksel , Kahraman Korhan , Kurtay Gülay
Published: March 2013

Objective

To investigate the perinatal outcomes of cases with idiopathic polyhydramnios.

Study Design

Retrospective analysis of 160 singleton pregnancies that were under routine surveillance at the department of obstetrics from 2008 to 2010 was performed to assess perinatal outcomes. Finally, 59 cases were included as idiopathic polyhydramnios, and 101 cases were included as controls. Preterm delivery (<37 weeks), gestational age at birth, low birth weight (<2500 g), very low birth weight (<1500 g), macrosomia (>4000 g), 1- and 5-min APGAR scores <7, small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses, large for gestational age (LGA) fetuses, C-section rates, number of fetal distress, admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) after delivery, neonatal death within the first 7 days, and deaths before the age of 1 year were selected as perinatal outcome variables.

Result

Significantly higher preterm labors and low 1- and 5-min APGAR scores were noted in the idiopathic polyhydramnios group compared with the control group.

Conclusion

Although perinatal outcomes are conflicting in literature, idiopathic polyhydramnios warrants close surveillance especially near term.
Porphyrin Dendrimers
Authors: Flores-Rojas Guadalupe G. , Martínez-Klimov Mark E. , Morales-Saavedra Omar G. , Martínez-García Marcos
Published: March 2013

Dendrons with a porphyrin core and π-conjugated dendron branches have been synthesized and characterized. The dendrons showed an all trans configuration. Cubic non-linear optical behavior of the styryl and porphyrin-containing dendrimers was tested viaZ-Scan measurements in spin-coated film samples.
Double core infrared (CdSeTe) / ZnS quantum dots Conjugated to IgG antibodies
Authors: Torchynska Tetyana V. , Casas Espinola Jose L. , Rodriguez Chetzyl Ballardo , Douda Janna , Gazaryan Karlen
Published: March 2013

Papers in the Appendix were published in electronic format as Volume 1534
Compression Deformation of Single-Crystal Pt3Al with the L12 Structure.
Authors: Hasegawa Yoshihiko , Okamoto Norihiko L. , Inui Haruyuki
Published: March 2013

The plastic deformation behaviour of single crystals of Pt3Al with a chemical composition of Pt-27 at.%Al was investigated in compression from 77K to 1,273K. The L12 structure is not stable below around 220 K, transforming into either D0c, D0c’ or Pt3Ga structures. {001} slip system was operative for most loading axis orientations while {111} slip system was operative for a narrow orientation region close to [001]. The CRSS for {111} slip gradually decreases in the temperature range where the L12 structure is stable, followed by a sharp decrease above 1,073 K, without showing positive temperature dependence. On the other hand, the CRSS for {001} slip gradually decreases below 673 K and moderately increases above 673 K. Dislocations on {111} tend to align along their screw orientation, suggesting high Peierls stress for their motion, while those on {001} are edge-oriented and fairly curved on a local scale, suggesting relatively low Peierls stress. Dislocations on both {111} and {001} with a Burgers vector b = [$\bar 1$01] dissociate into two collinear superpartials with b = 1/2[$\bar 1$01] separated by an anti-phase boundary.
Ab initio study of the effect of oxygen vacancy on magnetism in Co doped ZnO
Authors: Lardjane S. , Merad G. , Fenineche N. , Faraoun H.I. , Billard A.
Published: March 2013

The effect of oxygen vacancy (VO) on the electronic and magnetic properties of ZnCoO was studied with first principle methods based on density functional theory (DFT). Calculations were performed, on a periodic 3×3×3 wurtzite supercell of ZnO which consists of 108 atoms with two Co ions substituted for two Zn atoms, using the generalized gradient approximation with Hubbard U correction method (GGA+U). We have studied the interatomic exchange interaction with and without VO for different configurations with different magnetic atom lattice arrangements. The total energies, electronic structures and magnetic moments were calculated for each configuration.
Investigation and Research on Depth Distribution in Soil of Radionuclides Released by the TEPCO Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident
Authors: SATO Haruo , NIIZATO Tadafumi , AMANO Kenji , TANAKA Shingo , AOKI Kazuhiro
Published: March 2013

The accident of the TEPCO Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant occurred by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake on 11 Mar. 2011. It is estimated that totally 1.2-1.5x1016 Bq for 137Cs and 1.5-1.6x1017 Bq for 131I were released until the beginning of Apr. and those radionuclides (RN) were deposited on soil surface and forest etc. widely around Fukushima Pref. This work was carried out as one of the investigations for making the distribution maps of radiation dose rate and soil contaminated by RNs which the MEXT promotes. The Geoslicer investigation on the depth distribution of RNs in soil was performed after 3 months from the accident. The investigation was conducted at 11 locations in Nihonmatsu City, Kawamata Town and Namie Town, and soil samples of depth 50 cm to 1 m were taken. Both of 134Cs and 137Cs were detected in all investigated locations, and 129mTe and 110mAg were detected only in locations where radiation dose rates are high. At many locations investigated, radiocaesium more than 99 % distributed within a depth of 10 cm in soil in the surface layer. On the other hand, RNs tended to distribute to deeper part in soil at locations that are supposed to have been used as farmland than in soil in the surface layer, and radiocaesium more than 99 % in soil at locations that are supposed to have been used as farmland also distributed within a depth of around 14 cm. The apparent diffusion coefficients (Da) of RNs derived from penetration profiles near the surface layer showed a tendency to be higher in soil at locations that are supposed to have been used as farmland (Da=0.1-1.5x10-10 m2/s) than in soil in the surface layer (Da=0.65-4.4x10-11 m2/s), and most Da-values were nearly 10-11 m2/s. The distribution coefficients (Kd) by a batch method were in the range of Kd=2,000-61,000 ml/g for Cs and Kd=0.5-140 ml/g for I. Although the Kd-values are different between cation (Cs+) and anion (I-), the Da-values (134Cs, 137Cs, 129mTe and 110mAg) were similar levels. This is considered to be due to that the Da-values were controlled by dispersion by flow of rain water.
Downscaling technique uncertainty in assessing hydrological impact of climate change in the Upper Beles River Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Ebrahim Girma Yimer , Jonoski Andreja , van Griensven Ann , Di Baldassarre Giuliano
Published: March 2013

We investigate the uncertainty associated with downscaling techniques in climate impact studies, using the Upper Beles River Basin (Upper Blue Nile) in Ethiopia as an example. The main aim of the study is to estimate the two sources of uncertainty in downscaling models: (1) epistemic uncertainty and (2) stochastic uncertainty due to inherent variability. The first aim was achieved by driving a Hydrologic Engineering Centre-Hydrological Modelling System (HEC-HMS) model with downscaled daily precipitation and temperature using three downscaling models: Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM), the Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator (LARS-WG) and an artificial neural network (ANN). The second objective was achieved by driving the hydrological model with individual downscaled daily precipitation and temperature ensemble members, generated by using the stochastic component of the SDSM. Results of the study showed that the downscaled precipitation and temperature time series are sensitive to the downscaling techniques. More specifically, the percentage change in mean annual flow ranges from 5% reduction to 18% increase. By analyzing the uncertainty of the SDSM model ensembles, it was found that the percentage change in mean annual flow ranges from 6% increase to 8% decrease. This study demonstrates the need for extreme caution in interpreting and using the output of a single downscaling model.
Obstacle marks as palaeohydraulic indicators of Pleistocene megafloods
Authors: Herget Jürgen , Euler Thomas , Roggenkamp Thomas , Zemke Julian
Published: March 2013

Pleistocene megafloods generated several large-scale obstacle marks that could not be interpreted hydraulically with the present knowledge of submerged obstacles. Thus, flume and field data of classical obstacle marks, characterised by a frontal scour hole and an adjacent depositional ridge, are analysed to estimate flow velocities from obstacle mark geometry, especially scour depths, length, width and ridge width. These data reveal a consistency of correlations between obstacle mark morphometries across a wide spatial scale. Two existing analytical models, basically integrating obstacle size, flow velocity as well as sediment size and grading, are transformed so that the magnitude of individual geometric parameters can be used as variables for the estimation of mean and tip flow velocities. These reconstructed velocities have to be regarded as minimum velocities during the rising limb of the hydrograph, as peak discharge might not last long enough to significantly influence the obstacle mark dimensions. A universally applicable practical outline is developed for palaeohydraulic reconstruction. This framework is applied on three examples of obstacle marks generated by Pleistocene megafloods. The reliability and scale-invariance of these reconstructions is confirmed by similar results of velocity estimations by other independent approaches at the same locations.
Middle Holocene palaeoflood extremes of the Lower Rhine
Authors: Toonen Willem H. J. , de Molenaar Michiel M. , Bunnik Frans P. M. , Middelkoop Hans
Published: March 2013

A Chézy-based hydraulic model was run to estimate the magnitude of extreme floods of Middle Holocene age in the Lower Rhine Valley (Germany). Input parameters were gathered from the field and literature, and used in ten scenarios to calculate a best guess estimate for the minimum size of extreme floods. These events have been registered as slackwater deposits on elevated terrace levels and in a palaeochannel fill. The modelled minimum discharge is 13,250 m3 sec−1 for a Middle Holocene flood with an estimated recurrence interval between 1,250 and 2,500 years. A sensitivity analysis on different input parameters enables evaluation of factors which cause the relatively large range in modelled discharges. Understanding the origin of uncertainties in modelled discharges is important for making geologically based calculations of palaeoflood magnitudes important in modern flood frequency analyses, which generally lack information on the magnitudes of rare events.
Reassessing flood frequency for the River Trent through the inclusion of historical flood information since ad 1320
Authors: Macdonald Neil
Published: March 2013

The estimation of return periods for floods likely to have significant societal impact is challenging unless suitably long records exist. Relatively few sites across the UK provide a continuous record of river level or discharge over 50 years, whilst records extending back to the nineteenth century are rare. This represents a significant problem in providing robust and reliable estimates of flood risk, as relatively short records often fail to include an adequate sample of large floods. The inclusion of historical flood levels/magnitudes prior to instrumental river flow recording presents a valuable opportunity to extend this dataset. This paper examines the value of using historical data (both documentary and epigraphic) to augment existing gauged records for the River Trent in Central England, as part of a multi-method approach to assessing flood risk. Single station and pooled methods are compared with flood risk estimates based on an augmented historical series (1795–2008) using the generalised logistic and generalised Pareto distributions. The value of using an even longer, but less reliable, extended historical series (1320–2008) is also examined. It is recommended that modelling flood risk for return periods >100 years should incorporate historical data, where available, and that a multi-method approach increases confidence in flood risk estimates.
The Role of TRP Channels in Migraine
Authors: Oxford Gerry Stephen , Hurley Joyce Harts
Published: March 2013

TRP channels are members of a large family of non-selective cation channels. The family which numbers over 30 is classified into 6 groups based on amino acid sequence homology. TRP channels are distributed in many peripheral tissues as well as central and peripheral nervous system. These channels are important in sensing a wide range of chemical and physical stimuli. Several TRP channels, including TRPV1 and TRPA1 are important in pain transduction pathways. This review will focus on the function of TRP channels in the trigeminovascular system and other anatomical regions which are relevant to migraine. We will discuss the possible role of TRP channels in migraine, including the potential role of TRPV1 in the hypersensitivity and allodynia frequently observed in migraine patients. We will review the status of TRP channel drugs in migraine therapeutics. We will also discuss the possible roles of TRP channels in triggering migraine attacks, a process which is not well-understood.
Transient Receptor Potential Channels in Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy
Authors: Nassini Romina , Benemei Silvia , Fusi Camilla , Trevisan Gabriela , Materazzi Serena
Published: March 2013

Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) is a common dose-limiting side effect of many chemotherapeuticdrugs, including platinum-based compounds (e.g., cisplatin and oxaliplatin), taxanes (e.g., paclitaxel), vinca alkaloids (e.g., vincristine), and the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib. Among the various sensory symptoms of CIPN, paresthesia, dysesthesia, spontaneous pain, and mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity are prominent.
Inflammation, oxidative stress, loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers, modifications of mitochondria, and various ion channels alterations are part of the several mechanisms contributing to CIPN. Because attempts to mitigate chemotherapeutic- induced acute neuronal hyperexcitability and the subsequent peripheral neuropathy have yielded unsatisfactory results, a more in-depth understanding of the mechanism(s) responsible for the neurotoxic action of anticancer drugs is required.

Some members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of channels, as the TRPV1 and TRPV4 (vanilloid), TRPA1 (ankyrin) and TRPM8 (melastatin) are expressed on the plasma membrane of primary sensory neurons (nociceptors), where they are activated by an unprecedented series of physical and chemical stimuli. There is evidence that TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPA1 and TRPM8 are prominent contributors of mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in models of CIPN. In particular, in vitro and in vivo studies have pointed out the unique role of TRPA1 and oxidative stress in the
mechanism responsible for cold and mechanical hyperalgesia in rodent models of CIPN.
Targeting TRPM8 for Pain Relief
Authors: Fernández-Peña Carlos , Viana Felix
Published: March 2013

Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is a non-selective cation channel activated by cold temperature and cooling agents. TRPM8 is expressed in peripheral cold thermoreceptors and plays a fundamental role in sensing mild, cool temperatures. In addition, cumulative evidence obtained in humans and different animals models, combined with pharmacological and gene silencing techniques, suggest that TRPM8 may also play a role in cold discomfort and the pathophysiology of cold pain. This article reviews the available evidence in a critical fashion. In addition, the article reviews the possible role of TRPM8 in basal tearing, cold urticaria and airway irritation. Collectively, these results suggest that pharmacological modulators of TRPM8 could have potential indications in a variety of conditions, including dry eye disease, airway irritation, teeth hypersensitivity, migraine and neuropathic pain. However, additional studies, especially in humans, are needed to verify these preliminary observations. The paucity of potent, specific pharmacological TRPM8 antagonists available is a current limitation for further progress in this field.
Gender roles and gender stereotypes in teaching literature
Authors: Gordic-Petkovic Vladislava
Published: March 2013

Gender, identity and sexuality have to be more closely integrated into the
broader discussion of literature and language, which can be achieved only
through wider application of literary texts in the teaching process. Teaching
literature to students of English serves not only the purpose of building an
understanding of the human experience, but also tackles the issues of
femininity and masculinity and helps sensitize the students to the gender
differences and the codes of patriarchal society which result in male
dominance. Poems by Emily Dickinson, Sylvia Plath and Anne Sexton have proved
as valuable texts in teaching gender, as will be discussed in the paper,
which focuses on Plath?s ?Lady Lazarus? and the strategies the educator can
select in order to achieve the desired objective.
Taking of hostages as an offense in international law and Serbian regulations
Authors: Cmiljanic Bajo
Published: March 2013

In the development of international relations, hostage-taking was carried out
as an insurance against fraud, not keeping obligations, or according to the
rules of war law. Earlier taking hostages was more related to armed
conflicts, and in modern times it is more related to terrorist acts in
international terrorism. The taking of hostages is an international offense,
which has its essential elements and characteristics. It is a crime
punishable under the national legislation of many countries, and taking of
hostages in armed conflicts is a war crime for which the International
Criminal Court is responsible. International terrorism is manifested through
a variety of terrorist acts, which, through fear and panic aim to achieve a
political purpose. The range of these terrorist acts is wide and varied. One
of these terrorist activities is the taking of hostages. As an offense
established by the norms of international law, this unlawful act must be
specifically investigated and clarified, which is the goal of this paper.
This paper gives an overview of the features and elements of the offense in
the light of international law and the laws of the Republic of Serbia.
Accurate calculation of the eigenvalues of a new simple class of superpotentials in SUSY quantum mechanics
Authors: Fernández Francisco
Published: March 2013

We obtain accurate eigenvalues for two recently derived SUSY partner Hamiltonians. We improve the Rayleigh-Ritz variational method proposed by the authors and show how to apply the Riccati-Padé method to those particular partner potentials.
Antiepileptic effects of short-wave radiation in hypogeomagnetic conditions
Authors: Godlevsky Leonid , Tsevelev Semen , Polyasny Vyacheslav , Samchenko Igor , Muratova Tatyana
Published: March 2013

The work was dedicated to investigation of dynamics of epileptic activity in conditions of extremely high frequency electromagnetic waves (EHF) radiation (7,1 mm, 0,1 mW/cm2) upon focal epileptic activity. Epileptic activity was penicillin-induced (10,000 IU/ml) in the frontal region of the brain cortex in myorelaxed and artificially ventilated rats under acute experimental condition. Thermal effects were absent as far as absorbed dosage of energy did not exceed 0,1 J/ animal. It was established that preliminarily performed hypogeomagnetic period (3,0 h) with the inductivity of geomagnetic field at 5×10−8 Tesla caused the intensification of antiepileptic effects of EHF (15,0 min of exposure). It was pronounced in the form of decrease of foci intensity and significant reduction of lifespan of foci — up to 115,3±13,4 minutes, which was both significant when compared with separate effects of hypogeomagnetic influence (187,3±12,5 min) and EHF (15,0 minutes of exposure) effect (164,2±12,5 minutes) (P<0,05). Besides, EHF (15,0 min) which was made after 3,0 h exposure to hypogeomagnetic influence suppressed generalized seizures in amygdalarly kindled rats.
Comparison of anthocyanins present in grapes of Vitis vinifera L. varieties and interspecific hybrids grown in the Czech Republic
Authors: Balík Josef , Kumšta Michal , Rop Otakar
Published: March 2013

Anthocyanins present in the grapes of nine grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties and ten interspecific hybrids were compared. Total anthocyanin levels were determined in fresh grapes and the values ranged from 0.50 g kg−1 to 4.99 g kg−1. A total of twenty-two different anthocyanins were identified. Malvidin 3-glucoside was the most abundant anthocyanin, with concentrations ranging from 30 % to 64 % of the totals observed. The ratio of acetylated to coumaroylated malvidin and peonidin derivatives ranged from 0.09 (variety: Regent) to 1.34 (variety: Cerason), depending on the variety. Diglucosylated anthocyanins were not found in particular interspecific hybrids such as the teinturier XIV 26–56, Laurot, Merlan, and Nativa.
Does Acclimatization Have Any Impact On Primary Health Status Among Students Of Vit University, Vellore?
Authors: Ghosh Jhimli , Ghosh Asit Ranjan , Porchelvan P
Published: March 2013

Objective: The present study was undertaken to determine the overall prevalence of nutritional status among young adult of VIT University, Vellore with impact of psycho-somatic changes, primary health and climate change among fresh admission. Material & Methods: Study measured data on height and weight of adults aged 17-23 years of the newly admitted students (n=157; Girls=87 & Boys=70). One commonly used indicator i.e., body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) was used to evaluate the nutritional status of subjects. Based on BMI, chronic energy deficiency (CED) and obesity were determined accordingly. Results: The mean BMI varies from 21.828 to 23.223 among girls between 17-23 years of age while 23.493 to 24.265 among boys of 17-19 years of age. The mean magnitudes of BMI are between 23.497 and 22.563 respectively among students of 17 to 23 years old. The nutritional status of 57.32% of fresher is normal with the estimated BMI while 11.46 % are suffering from under-nutrition and 31.21% are with obesity. Overall prevalence of CED was (11.3 %). Among 87 girls, 58 (67.5%) and 27.1% of 70 boys are psychologically stressed. The study has also intervened the shifting of time management and utilization before and after to VIT system. Students either gained or lost their bodyweight during the first semester of academic courses; a total of 51 students (17 girls and 34 boys) lost their weight by 1-10 kg while a total of 36 students gained weight. Conclusion: Acclimatization has brought changes among studied students those who came from distant states. Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-3 No-3 (2012), Page -12-19 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i3.5687
Blood Glucose Levels in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Rajbhandari Ajay , Pandeya Dipendra Raj , Bhattarai Madhur Dev , Malla Ravi
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a potent risk factor for Coronary Artery Diseases, but Impaired Glucose Tolerance is increasingly known risk factor for Coronary Artery Diseases. The aim of this study was to correlate blood glucose level in the patients with Coronary Artery Diseases with Acute Coronary Syndrome and to determine the relati onship of other risk factors. Methods: This was a cross-secti onal prospecti ve study of consecutive patients admitted in coronary care unit of Bir Hospital and Shaid Gangalal National Heart Center, with diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Results: Total 209 patients were enrolled. 90.9% (190) had dyslipidemia, 78.5% were smokers with mean Standard Deviation of duration of smoking were 25.35 years. Abnormal waist to hip ratio in male and female are 56.3% and 76.1% respectively. 14.4 % (30) had Random Blood Glucose > 200mg%, 17.2 % had Impaired Fasting Glucose (110-126 mg% World Health Organizati on); 34.4% had Impaired Fasting Glucose (100-126 mg% American Diabeti c Associati on) 28.2% had Impaired Glucose Tolerance (postprandial blood glucose 140-200mg %).19.1% were old diabetes, 21.3% had recent diabetes mellitus, 52.7% had impaired glycemia.93.1% of total patients had Glucose Intolerance of any form. Conclusions: Almost all patients had diabetic or glucose intolerance of any form prior to coronary artery disease with acute coronary syndrome. This study consisted with Asian criteria of body mass index and Waist circumference for overweight or obesity. Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; Jan-June 2012/vol.11/Issue1/4-8 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v11i1.7758
Bacterial Pathogen Responsible For Urinary Tract Infection.
Authors: Chaudhary Raina , Ojha Chet Raj , Sijapati Khagendra , Singh Sunil Kumar
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the common medical conditions which seek the help of clinician and prompt intervention with suitable antibiotics to prevent morbid conditions. Therefore, identification of causative agent with their antibiotic sensitivity pattern is always mandatory for successful treatment of the cases. The main objective of the study was to identify the common bacterial pathogen responsible for causing Urinary Tract Infection with determination of sensitivity pattern of commonly used antibiotics. Methods: A total of 8270 urine samples were collected from the patient attending Outpatient Department and admitted as Inpatient in ward during the period of January 2011 to December 2011 in Shree Birendra Hospital. The samples were subjected to culture for identification of pathogen with their antibiotic sensitivity pattern following standard methodology. Results: Out of total, only1654 (20%) showed growth of pathogenic organisms. Among them positivity was highest in patient attending Outpatient Department. Eight different species of bacteria was isolated as causative agent. Among them Escherichia coli (67%) was predominantly higher in number followed by Proteus spp (22.24%), Klebsiellaspp (4.07%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(2.7%) and Citriobacterfreundii (2.3%). Among these organisms sensitivity was highest towards Amikacin (86%) & Gentamycin (69%) followed by Nitrofuranti on (60.5%). Conclusions: Causative agent of Urinary Tract Infection may vary in different situation. Definite identification of pathogen with their antibiotic sensitivity pattern is always key point for success of treatment. Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; Jan-June 2012/vol.11/Issue1/13-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v11i1.7760
Causes of Isolated Oculomotor Nerve Palsy in Patients Presenting to Eye Outpatient Department at Shree Birendra Hospital.
Authors: Gurung Anu , Bist Ramesh Raj , Rajkarnikar Sagar , Shrestha Ram
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Although oculomotor nerve palsy is associated with signifycant morbidity. The etiology of oculomotor nerve palsy are ischemic, trauma, aneurysm, tumors, inflammatory, idiopathic etc. The present study was performed to determine the etiology of isolated oculomotor nerve palsy in our population. Methods: The hospital data of patients of isolated oculomotor nerve palsy cases reported to the eye department of Shree Birendra Hospital from March 2009 to March 2011 were collected and retrospectively analyzed for the etiology of the disease. The detail history (ocular and medical), examination and investigations were collected from patient’s case records. All patients had been evaluated for hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Neuroimaging, MRI had been performed in all cases. The etiology of isolated oculomotor nerve palsy was classified into ischemia, idiopathic, trauma, aneurysm and neoplastic. Results: During the study period there were 16 eyes of 16 patients who were suffering from isolated oculomotor nerve palsy. The commonest cause was found to be ischemic in 7 patients (43.75%) followed by idiopathic in 5 patients (31.25%). Pupil was involved in 3 patients (18.75%). MRI was carried out in all 16 patients, but revealed positive only in two cases (one intracranial aneurysm and other Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma). Remaining 14 MRI were normal. Conclusions: Oculomotor nerve palsy is an uncommon disease and commonest cause was ischemic followed by idiopathic. The cause should be ruled out as the treatment depends on the cause. Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; Jan-June 2012/vol.11/Issue1/21-23 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v11i1.7762
CT-Guided Percutaneous Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Pulmonary Mass.
Authors: Shahi Rajive Raj , Shrestha Mukunda Singh , Pant Sujata , Singh Sunil , Maharjan Dinesh
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Following the first study of Computed tomography guided trans thoracic biopsy of lung lesion by Haaga and Alfidi in 1976, CT guided transthoracic biopsy has been widely used for confirming the diagnosis of suspicious lung lesions. This study is aimed to assess the effectiveness of Transthoracic percutaneous fi ne needle aspiration cytology and frequency of associated complications. Methods: A retrospective, hospital based study was performed between 11/06/2008 and 1/12/2009 at Department of Radiology, Shree Birendra Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Thirty nine consecutive cases of lung lesions who underwent Trans Thoracic Percutaneous Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (TTFNAC) under CT guidance were analysed. Smears of the aspirated material were evaluated by the pathology consultant (cytopathological evaluation) for adequacy. Results: There was adequate material for a cytopathological diagnosis in thirty four (87.18 %) cases. Two cases were hemorrhagic while three cases revealed only reactive cells thus inadequate and non representative case constituted (12.8 %). Eight cases were reported as benign (23.53 %). Twenty three samples (67.65%) were reported as definite malignant cases and three cases (8.82%) showed atypical cells, suggestive of malignancy. Squamous cell carcinoma was the single most frequent histological diagnosis (12 cases). Conclusions: The FNAC of lung is useful, safe and economical technique providing 87% diagnostic accuracy for lung mass without significant increase in complications. Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; Jan-June 2012/vol.11/Issue1/37-41 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v11i1.7766
Post Cholecystectomy Syndrome in a Patient due to Multiple Biliary Pathologies.
Authors: Thapa Bikash Bikram , Shah Kunda Bikram , Rawal Sushil Bahadur , Malla Srijan
Published: March 2013

Postcholecystectomy syndrome is the recurrence of symptoms after cholecystectomy. Postcholecystectomy syndrome due to a combination of cystic duct stump calculus and choledochal cyst with recurrent choledocholithiasis is a rare presentation. This is a case report of a patient who had developed recurrent common bile duct calculi despite endoscopic removal and eventully managed with Rou-en-Y Hepati cojejunostomy for having choledochal cyst 39 years postcholecstectomy. Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; Jan-June 2012/vol.11/Issue1/52-54 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v11i1.7792
Estimating Population Density of Himalayan Rangeland Weed Senecio chrysamthemoides DC.
Authors: Limbu Dil Kumar , Khatiwada Ram Prasad , Koirala Madan
Published: March 2013

Unpalatable and unwanted native or invasive plants that have adverse impact on the forage in the grazing area are rangeland weed. Climate change, introduction of new species, disturbance and fragmentation of land are causative factors for spreading native or invasive weed infestation on rangelands. Senecio chrysanthemoides is a serious obnoxious weed on Himalayan rangeland area. It is densely populated on plain and left places of shed constructed area consequent rangeland degraded, displacing desirable species, degrading systems, decreasing productivity and increase management costs. To arrest infestation of weed, mechanical control measure was followed but unplanned mechanical control measure was inadequate.  Up-rooting weed earlier flowering was more effective than other life form of weed.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7745
Extensive Net Cage Culture of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fingerlings in Nutrient-enriched Pond
Authors: Jiwyam W.
Published: March 2013

To investigate the potential of extensive net cage culture for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings, an experiment was conducted in net cages suspended in a fertilized pond. Mixed-sex population of Nile tilapia with an average initial body weight of 0.065 g was used to stock in experimental cages. Four treatments; non added-substrate without supplemental feeding (NSNF), non added-substrate with supplemental feeding (NSAF), added-substrate without supplemental feeding (ASNF), and added-substrate with supplemental feeding (ASAF) were tested. The results indicated that addition of substrates which gave an additional submerged surface area of approximately equal to the total cage surface area did not show significant effect on the growth (p > 0.05). The fish gross yield obtained from non added-substrate cages without supplemental feeding was 1.22 kg/m3 for a 56-day period.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7752
Field Observations on Stone Curlews in and around Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
Authors: Gupta R.C. , Kaushik T.K.
Published: March 2013

Stone Curlew, albeit claimed to be a wader bird of wetlands, is more biased towards dry or semi-dry shores of wetlands and open grasslands in Kurukshetra environs. Although, reported to be a nocturnal bird, it was often observed in day time here. The diurnal visibility of nocturnal Stone Curlews in Kurukshetra certainly points towards its distracted, disturbed, fragmented, scarce habitat so as to compel it to take shelter beside walls in a most unsafe state. The present studies hint towards the fact that, they are summer migratory often seen between April to September but certainly not in November, December and January. They shuttle between different spot in a given area indicating its habitat range up to 1 to 3 km or so. They are facing difficult circumstances due to loss of habitat; so much so, their feeding spots are not traceable at all. This study proves that the scattered and isolated groups of a nocturnal bird like Stone Curlew are compelled to retire in full view of one and all during daytime and hence are immensely vulnerable. Their survival is threatened. Given the continuance of present adverse conditions, they will no more be seen in the next 10-15 years in Haryana, specially in Kurukshetra. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7753
Environmental Controlling Factors of Tasar Silkworms Antheria mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera : Saturniidae)
Authors: Ranjan Amit , Poddar Anjana , Roy S.P.
Published: March 2013

The paper deals with the ovipositioin, hatchability, fecundity larval and pupal performances of a tropical variety of tasar silkworms Antheria mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera : Saturniidae). The Tasar silkworms have been cultured feeding on the leaves of Arjun (Terminalia arjuna) in the laboratory at temperature 30°C and humidity 86% which has been recorded congenial for the hatching of the larvae. It was estimated that a potent female laid 285 eggs which are all variable and hatched into first instar larvae i.e. of 7 days each. Such a high reproductive potential of tasar silkworms will be beneficial for tasar production which has high value in the trade and commerce.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7771
Fresh Fish Marketing Status in the Northwestern Bangladesh: Recommendations for Sustainable Management
Authors: Rahman Md. Mosaddequr , Hossain Md. Akhtar , Fatematuzzhura Dr , Tasnoova Shuraya , Ahamed Ferdous , Hossain Md. Yeamin , Ohtomi Jun
Published: March 2013

The present study was conducted in six fish markets of Rajshahi city during July 2011 to June 2012. The main objectives of this study was to investigate the marketing channel, marketing cost, marketing margin and the problems associated with fresh fish marketing in Rajshahi city in order to provide recommendations for better fish marketing system. Primary data were collected from 50 fish traders and 150 consumers through previously prepared questionnaires and the secondary source of information consist of published materials such as journals, textbooks, newspaper etc. The results of this study revealed 10 fish marketing channels in fresh fish marketing. The highest and lowest average fish price were recorded as USD 5.99/kg and USD 1.89/kg for cat fish and snake heads respectively. Average marketing cost was found as 6.27% of the final retail price. The market margins for all intermediaries varied from 23.37% for cat fish to 48.57% for prawn species with an average of 40.75%. In contrast, producers’ or fishermen’s share ranged from 51.43% for prawn species to 76.63% for cat fish with an average of 59.25%. The major problems associated with the fish marketing were- presence of long fish marketing channels, involvement of unnecessary middlemen, inadequate and unplanned infrastructural development, rough and unhygienic method of handling, improper and insufficient use of ice, contamination and lack of knowledge on quality aspects among fish traders, insufficient hygienic auction and retail spaces, absence of cold storage facility, inadequate drainage facilities and lack of modern weighing system. Introducing government fish shops, planned infrastructural development of fish markets, introduction of wholesaling and retailing facilities, provision for government and private funding assistance for fish traders, hygienic conditions of landing centers and markets, training and extension works in marketing and management of relevant market research, formation of fishermen or fish producers’ cooperative society, sufficient auction and retail places, improved sanitation and drainage system, digital weighing system, government run fish transportation system with proper storage facilities are recommended for more efficient fresh fish marketing system in Rajshahi city.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7773
Lead Toxicity, Adsorption and Resistance in Chlorella Sp.
Authors: Shakya Pawan Raj , Khwaounjoo Neena
Published: March 2013

These days, unicellular green microalgae have been widely used for removal of toxic heavy metals from contaminated soil and water bodies. In the present investigation, a lead resistant PbR-11 strain isolated from Chlorella sp. by EMS mutagenesis was compared against the wild type (WT) of the same species for Pb2+ accumulating capacity. Growth of both the tested algal cells, PbR-11 and WT (control) were found to be retarded with increasing Pb2+ concentrations in the medium. However, higher ID50 value of the PbR-11 exhibited some degree of resistance to the metal toxicity. When exposed to the liquid medium containing 50 mM Pb2+, kinetic experiments showed rapid removal and adsorption of the metal ions in both the algal cells during the first few hours. Compared to WT, the PbR-11 showed significantly higher percentage removal and adsorption of Pb2+ at 15 minutes and 48 hours interval of time respectively. Extracellular Pb2+ adsorption was found significantly higher than intracellular uptake in the tested algal cells although both the processes occurred simultaneously. Total Pb2+accumulation and distribution between the external and internal cell fractions of the PbR-11 were significantly higher to that of the WT. Thus, the strain appeared more useful for remediation of contaminated sites.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7778
Taxonomy and Diversity of Genus Pediastrum Meyen (Chlorophyceae, Algae) in East Nepal
Authors: Rai S.K. , Misra P.K.
Published: March 2013

Pediastrum Meyen is a green algae occurs frequently in lentic environment like pond, puddles, lakes etc. mostly in warm and humid terai region. Twenty taxa of Pediasturm have been reported from Nepal, mostly from central and western part of the country, hitherto. Among them, in the present study, ten taxa of Pediastrum are enumerated also from east Nepal. Taxonomy and diversity of each taxa have been described with photomicrography.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7779
Medico-ethnobotany of Magar Community in Salija VDC of Parbat District, Central Nepal
Authors: Thapa Shubhechchha
Published: March 2013

This paper documents the ethno-medicinal use of plant species among the Magar community of Salija Village Development Committee from Parbat District in the central mid-hills of Nepal. The study recorded the use of 75 species of medicinal plants belonging to 46 families and 72 genera for the treatment of 39 different ailments. The most frequently treated illness were gastrointestinal ailments followed by dermatological infection and skeleto-muscular problem. Local healers and the knowledgeable groups were the one who mostly make use of medicinal plant species. The traditional home remedy is less practiced compared to the past years, and also lacks the sharing of knowledge among the practitioners. Documenting such herbal folklore knowledge is useful for further pharmaceutical research.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7780
Effect of Different Substrates on the Production of Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.:Fr.) Karst.
Authors: Gurung O.K. , Budathoki U. , Parajuli G.
Published: March 2013

In this study, the effects of various kinds of sawdust and supplements on the yield of Ganoderma lucidum were investigated in artificial cultivation. The sawdust of Alnus nepalensis, Shorea robusta and Dalbergia sisoo and supplements of rice bran , wheat bran, corn flour and gram flour were used as substrates  in  Ganoderma lucidum cultivation . Sawdust alone  was used in control  as a substrate media in the cultivation. Significant differences (P< 0.05) were found among varieties of sawdusts and supplements. Similarly significant differences (P<0.05) were found in sawdust with supplements and without supplements in yield and biological efficiency. Dalbergia sisoo sawdust could not give yield in ambient condition; Shorea robusta gave very low yield and biological efficiency. Alnus nepalensis gave good yield and biological efficiency compared to the other sawdust.The highest yield and Biological efficiency were obtained from gram flour compared to the other brans. Alnus nepalensis sawdust supplemented with gram flour showed higher yield among all treatments. Supplementation showed positive role in mycelia growth and yield of mushroom.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7781
A Preliminary Account of the Diatom Flora of Koria, Chhattisgarh
Authors: Sirmour R. , Naik M.L. , Goutam M.P.
Published: March 2013

Water bodies contain a large number of microorganisms, like bacteria, algae, protozoa etc. Algae are the one of the very important group of the organisms. Diatoms are the well known water planktons belonging to family Bacillariophyceae (Hendy, 1980). Diatom flora of koria was observed by using acid digestion method. The present account is based on the collection of about 5 water samples from different place of koria. 18 species from 11 genera were identified from these collection sites; the genera include Achnanthes, Amphora, Cymbella, Eunotia, Fragilaria, Gomphonema, Hantizschia, Navicula, Nitzschia, Stauroneis and Synedra.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7782
Reproduction and feeding habits of the River Catfish Eutropiichthys vacha (Hamilton, 1822) (Siluriformes, Schilbidae) in an impacted habitat: Kotri hydrodam, River Indus, Pakistan
Authors: Soomro Anila Naz , Baloch Wazir Ali , Jafri Sayed Iftikhar Hussain , Burdi Ghulam Hussain , Fulanda Bernerd
Published: March 2013

Reproduction and feeding habits of Eutropiichthys vacha were studied in Kotri hydrodam, a man-made and human impacted stretch of the Indus River, Pakistan during 2005-2006. A total 303 specimens were sampled and analyzed for maturity stages and gonadal development and food and feeding habits assessed from gut contents. Results showed male dominance over females: sex ratio 1.16:1.0. Minimum size at sexual maturity was 13.9 cm total length (TL). Mean fecundity ranged 1.38x104 to 2.17 x 105. Gonado-somatic index (GSI) was 0.1-2.5 and 0.3-6.5 for males and females, respectively. Highest GSIs were recorded in April. We observe an ontogenic dietary shift in E. vacha: young are omnivorous with insects dominating diet while adults are omni-piscivores with Puntius ticto accounting for 35.4% of species. Other species were Colisa spp., juveniles of Channa spp. and some cyprinids. Feeding intensities were lowest in April at peak of spawning. The intensities increase rapidly after spawning indicating voracious feeding in E. vacha. Feeding intensities in adults are low during the cold season. These results provide for assessment of spatial-temporal variations in feeding intensity in E. vacha while GaSI and diet composition reveal information on environmental shifts and ecosystem fluctuations in the impacted habitats of the River Indus for sound fisheries management.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7795