bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single‐reference coupled cluster methods for computing excitation energies in large molecules: The efficiency and accuracy of approximations
Authors: Izsák Róbert
Published: September 2019

While methodological developments in the last decade made it possible to compute coupled cluster (CC) energies including excitations up to a perturbative triples correction for molecules containing several hundred atoms, a similar breakthrough has not yet been reported for excited state computations. Accurate CC methods for excited states are still expensive, although some promising candidates for an efficient and accurate excited state CC method have emerged recently. This review examines the various approximation schemes with particular emphasis on their performance for excitation energies and summarizes the best state‐of‐the‐art results which may pave the way for a robust excited state method applicable to molecules of hundreds of atoms. Among these, special attention will be given to exploiting the techniques of similarity transformation, perturbative approximations as well as integral decomposition, local and embedding techniques within the equation of motion CC framework.

This article is categorized under:

Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods

Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Monitoring, sampling, and automated analysis
Authors: Aryal Niroj , Deng Dongyang , Jha Manoj K. , Ofori‐Boadu Andrea
Published: September 2019

A review of the literature published in 2018 on topics related to monitoring, sampling, and automated analysis is presented. The review includes current developments in monitoring, sampling, and analysis of water, wastewater, and groundwater. This review includes the following sections: brief introduction; sample preparation and extraction techniques; real‐time, high‐frequency, and/or in situ monitoring (microbiological, inorganic, organic, metals, and others); passive monitoring; and the biosensors. In the end, the authors have discussed future of the topic.

Practitioner points

Advances in monitoring, sampling and automated analysis of water and wastewater are summarized.

Real‐time, high‐frequency, and in‐situ monitoring and analysis of pollutants are summarized.

Topics include sample preparation and extraction and passive monitoring, and biosensors for pollutants.
The optimal regularity criterion for the Navier‐Stokes equations in terms of one directional derivative of the velocity
Authors: Namlyeyeva Yuliya , Skalak Zdenek
Published: September 2019

We study the regularity criterion for the Navier‐Stokes equations in terms of one directional derivative of the velocity field. Using a suitable multiplicative Sobolev inequality we extend the results by Kukavica & Ziane, Cao and Zhang.
Scattering of spinning black holes from exponentiated soft factors
Authors: Guevara Alfredo , Ochirov Alexander , Vines Justin
Published: September 2019

Abstract

We provide evidence that the classical scattering of two spinning black holes is controlled by the soft expansion of exchanged gravitons. We show how an exponentiation of Cachazo-Strominger soft factors, acting on massive higher-spin amplitudes, can be used to find spin contributions to the aligned-spin scattering angle, conjecturally extending previously known results to higher orders in spin at one-loop order. The extraction of the classical limit is accomplished via the on-shell leading-singularity method and using massive spinor-helicity variables. The three-point amplitude for arbitrary-spin massive particles minimally coupled to gravity is expressed in an exponential form, and in the infinite-spin limit it matches the effective stress-energy tensor of the linearized Kerr solution. A four-point gravitational Compton amplitude is obtained from an extrapolated soft theorem, equivalent to gluing two exponential three-point amplitudes, and becomes itself an exponential operator. The construction uses these amplitudes to: 1) recover the known tree-level scattering angle at all orders in spin, 2) recover the known one-loop linear-in-spin interaction, 3) match a previous conjectural expression for the one-loop scattering angle at quadratic order in spin, 4) propose new one-loop results through quartic order in spin. These connections link the computation of higher-multipole interactions to the study of deeper orders in the soft expansion.
The chiral SYK model
Authors: Lian Biao , Sondhi S. L. , Yang Zhenbin
Published: September 2019

Abstract

We study the generalization of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model to a 1 + 1 dimensional chiral SYK model of N flavors of right-moving chiral Majorana fermions with all-to-all random 4-fermion interactions. The interactions in this model are exactly marginal, leading to an exact scaling symmetry. We show the Schwinger-Dyson equation of this model in the large N limit is exactly solvable. In addition, we show this model is integrable for small N ≤ 6 by bosonization. Surprisingly, the two point function in the large N limit has exactly the same form as that for N = 4, although the four point functions of the two cases are quite different. The ground state entropy in the large N limit is the same as that of N free chiral Majorana fermions, leading to a zero ground state entropy density. The OTOC of the model in the large N limit exhibits a non-trivial spacetime structure reminscent of that found by Gu and Kitaev [1] for generic SYK-like models. Specifically we find a Lyapunov regime inside an asymmetric butterfly cone, which are signatures of quantum chaos, and that the maximal velocity dependent Lyapunov exponent approaches the chaos bound 2π/β as the interaction strength approaches its physical upper bound. Finally, the model is integrable for (at least) N ≤ 6 but chaotic in the large N limit, leading us to conjecture that there is a transition from integrability to chaos as N increases past a critical value.
CP violating effects in coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering processes
Authors: Aristizabal Sierra D. , De Romeri V. , Rojas N.
Published: September 2019

Abstract

The presence of new neutrino-quark interactions can enhance, deplete or distort the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS) event rate. The new interactions may involve CP violating phases that can potentially affect these features. Assuming light vector mediators, we study the effects of CP violation on the CEνNS process in the COHERENT sodium-iodine, liquid argon and germanium detectors. We identify a region in parameter space for which the event rate always involves a dip and another one for which this is never the case. We show that the presence of a dip in the event rate spectrum can be used to constraint CP violating effects, in such a way that the larger the detector volume the tighter the constraints. Furthermore, it allows the reconstruction of the effective coupling responsible for the signal with an uncertainty determined by recoil energy resolution. In the region where no dip is present, we find that CP violating parameters can mimic the Standard Model CEνNS prediction or spectra induced by real parameters. We point out that the interpretation of CEνNS data in terms of a light vector mediator should take into account possible CP violating effects. Finally, we stress that our results are qualitatively applicable for CEνNS induced by solar or reactor neutrinos. Thus, the CP violating effects discussed here and their consequences should be taken into account as well in the analysis of data from multi-ton dark matter detectors or experiments such as CONUS, ν-cleus or CONNIE.
The BPS limit of rotating AdS black hole thermodynamics
Authors: Cassani Davide , Papini Lorenzo
Published: September 2019

Abstract

We consider rotating, electrically charged, supersymmetric AdS black holes in four, five, six and seven dimensions, and provide a derivation of the respective extremization principles stating that the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is the Legendre transform of a homogeneous function of chemical potentials, subject to a complex constraint. Extending a recently proposed BPS limit, we start from finite temperature and reach extremality following a supersymmetric trajectory in the space of complexified solutions. We show that the entropy function is the supergravity on-shell action in this limit. Chemical potentials satisfying the extremization equations also emerge from the complexified solution.
Polarized vector boson scattering in the fully leptonic WZ and ZZ channels at the LHC
Authors: Ballestrero A. , Maina E. , Pelliccioli G.
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Isolating the scattering of longitudinal weak bosons at the LHC is an important tool to probe the ElectroWeak Symmetry Breaking mechanism. Separating polarizations of W and Z bosons is complicated, because of non resonant contributions and interference effects. Additional care is necessary when considering Z bosons, due to the γ/Z mixing in the coupling to charged leptons. We propose a method to define polarized signals in ZZ and W
+
Z scattering at the LHC, which relies on the separation of weak boson polarizations at the amplitude level in Monte Carlo simulations. After validation in the absence of lepton cuts, we investigate how polarized distributions are affected by a realistic set of kinematic cuts (and neutrino reconstruction, when needed). The total and differential polarized cross sections computed at the amplitude level are well defined, and their sum reproduces the full results, up to non negligible but computable interference effects which should be included in experimental analyses. We show that polarized cross sections computed using the reweighting method are inaccurate, particularly at large energies. We also present two procedures which address the model independent extraction of polarized components from LHC data, using Standard Model angular distribution templates.
Sequence Characterization of 3-Dimensional Riordan Arrays and Some Application
Authors: Słowik Roksana
Published: September 2019

We propose the characterization of 3-dimensional Riordan arrays with use of three sequences that is analogous to the representation of 2-dimensional Riordan arrays with use of A and Z-sequence. We also suggest an application of this representation for finding totally positive matrices.
Use of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Intraoperative Tissue Differentiation During Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Authors: Hillary Sarah L. , Brown Brian H. , Brown Nicola J. , Balasubramanian Saba P.
Published: September 2019

Background

Electrical impedance (EI) measures tissue resistance to alternating current across several frequencies and may help identify tissue type. A recent rabbit model demonstrated that electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) may facilitate identification of parathyroid glands and potentially improve outcomes following surgery. This study looks at the EI patterns of soft tissues in the human neck to determine whether parathyroid tissue can be accurately identified.

Methods

This was a phase 1, single‐arm interventional study involving 56 patients undergoing thyroid and/or parathyroid surgery. Up to 12 EI readings were taken from in vivo and ex vivo thyroid and parathyroid glands, adipose tissue and muscle of each patient. Each reading consists of a series of measurements over 14 frequencies from each tissue. EI patterns were analysed. Two patients were excluded due to data loss due to device malfunction.

Results

The median age of participants was 53.5 (range 20–85) years. Thirty‐five participants had surgery for thyroid pathology, 17 for parathyroid pathology and four for both. Six hundred and six EIS spectra were reviewed for suitability. One hundred and eighty‐four spectra were rejected leaving 422 spectra for analysis. The impedance patterns of the soft tissues differed by histological type. The EI ratio of low (152 Hz) to high (312 kHz) frequencies demonstrated a significant difference between the soft tissues (p = 0.006). Using appropriate thresholds, parathyroid tissue can be distinguished from thyroid tissue with a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 60%.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the feasibility of using EIS to aid parathyroid identification and preservation. Further changes to the device and modelling of the EI patterns across the range of frequencies may improve accuracy and facilitate intraoperative use.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02901873).
The impact of health symptoms on health-related quality of life in early-stage breast cancer survivors
Authors: de Ligt K. M. , Heins M. , Verloop J. , Ezendam N. P. M. , Smorenburg C. H. , Korevaar J. C. , Siesling S.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

In breast cancer patients, treatment-related health symptoms can occur that may affect their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aimed to determine the impact of health symptoms on HRQoL in breast cancer patients up to 5 years after diagnosis.

Methods

Females surgically treated for early-stage breast cancer diagnosed between 2012 and 2016 (n = 876) were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and invited for a survey about current health symptoms (‘Symptoms and Perceptions questionnaire’, SaP) and HRQoL (‘EORTC-QLQ-C30’). From the latter, functioning and global health were included. Mean scores were compared to norm population scores (T test). Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association between health symptoms and global health and functioning.

Results

404 patients (46%) responded. The median age was 62.2 ± 10.9 years. Respondents had significantly lower mean scores for role, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning than the general population. The most frequently reported health symptoms were musculoskeletal (including pain/complaints in lower/upper extremities/back/neck; 71%) and central nervous system symptoms (including concentration impairment, dizziness, neuralgia; 66%), and fatigue (63%). While most symptoms affected functioning, irrespective of time since diagnosis, especially fatigue, musculoskeletal, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with lower functioning.

Conclusions

The majority of health symptoms that occur after breast cancer treatment were associated with lower functioning of patients in daily life. This paper urges healthcare providers to support breast cancer patients in alleviating or coping with health symptoms, even years after end of treatment, to improve their functioning.
Spirituality and Mental Health Care in a Religiously Homogeneous Country: Definitions, Opinions, and Practices Among Polish Mental Health Professionals
Authors: Charzyńska Edyta , Heszen-Celińska Irena
Published: September 2019

This qualitative study involved a sample of 121 Polish mental health professionals who were interviewed about their definitions of spirituality and their opinions and practices concerning the inclusion of clients’ spirituality in therapy. Using inductive content analysis, we identified seven categories regarding the definitions of spirituality: (1) relationship, (2) transcendence, (3) dimension of functioning, (4) a specific human characteristic, (5) searching for the meaning of life, (6) value-based lifestyle, and (7) elusiveness and indefinability. The majority of respondents claimed to include elements of spirituality in therapy. However, some participants included spirituality only under certain circumstances or conditions, or did not include it at all, citing lack of need, lack of a clear definition of spirituality, their own insufficient knowledge, lack of experience, fear, or concern over ethical inappropriateness. Implicit techniques were primarily used when working on clients’ spirituality. This article deepens the knowledge on including spirituality in mental health care, with special consideration for a specific context of a highly religious and religiously homogenous culture.
Solving q-Virasoro constraints
Authors: Lodin Rebecca , Popolitov Aleksandr , Shakirov Shamil , Zabzine Maxim
Published: September 2019

We show howq-Virasoro constraints can be derived for a large class of (q, t)-deformed eigenvalue matrix models by an elementary trick of inserting certainq-difference operators under the integral, in complete analogy with full-derivative insertions for$$\beta $$β-ensembles. From free field point of view, the models considered have zero momentum of the highest weight, which leads to an extra constraint$$T_{-1} \mathcal {Z} = 0$$T-1Z=0. We then show how to solve theseq-Virasoro constraints recursively and comment on the possible applications for gauge theories, for instance calculation of (supersymmetric) Wilson loop averages in gauge theories on$$D^2 \times S^1$$D2×S1and$$S^3$$S3.
Experimental Investigation of the Delay Time in Galactic Cosmic Ray Flux in Different Epochs of Solar Magnetic Cycles: 1959 – 2014
Authors: Iskra Krzysztof , Siluszyk Marek , Alania Michael , Wozniak Witold
Published: September 2019

In the present article, we analyze long-term changes in the intensity of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) in different polarity epochs of the solar magnetic cycles from 1959 to 2014. Our purpose is to carry out a study of the delay time (DT) between the changes of the GCR intensity and various parameters characterizing the conditions in the heliosphere. We prove the existence of varying DTs between the changes of GCR intensity and the parameters characterizing solar activity, such as sunspot number and tilt angle. Based on our investigation, we obtained different DTs in epochs with different global solar magnetic field polarities. We conclude that the observed DTs are very important parameters for the study of GCR transport in the heliosphere.
Weaknesses in the Law Protecting the United Kingdom’s Remarkable Underwater Cultural Heritage: The Need for Modernisation and Reform
Authors: Martin Josh B. , Gane Toby
Published: September 2019

Despite the United Kingdom (UK) having been regarded as one of the richest hotspots for underwater cultural heritage (UCH), its policy and practice regarding its protection has displayed some areas of weakness. This paper makes a case to review the legal framework and its overall administration in the UK, in order to protect and preserve any remaining UCH before it is further lost or damaged. First, we introduce some of the flaws in the UK’s legal system protecting UCH, demonstrating how it has led to a considerable loss of cultural heritage and underlining how it is in need of modernisation. This includes discussion of issues raised in a number of recent cases, including the proposedVictory(1744) recovery project, the proposed Goodwin Sands dredging licence and various cases relating to the illegal recovery of material. We then map out how policy is implemented in practice and the role played by various institutions involved with its administration, where we find a schism between what policy intends and what it is achieving in practice. This takes us towards a broader discussion on how legislative reform might look, including a more proactive and ambitious approach to the future management and enjoyment of the UK’s impressive UCH. Here we argue the need for better engagement at the global and regional negotiating table, as well as in favour of adopting a unified and consistent policy which aims to be more sustainable, precautionary, proportionate and inclusive.
Finite-difference time domain (FDTD) modeling of ground penetrating radar pulse energy for locating burial sites
Authors: Akinsunmade Akinniyi , Karczewski Jerzy , Mazurkiewicz Ewelina , Tomecka-Suchoń Sylwia
Published: September 2019

Analysis of the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) numerical simulation of ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurement for locating burial sites is described in this paper. Effective, efficient, and reliability interpretation of GPR field data obtained from clandestine sites is very crucial in forensic investigations. The main goal of the study is the prediction of the change in the interaction of the electromagnetic incident on changes in buried bodies with time. In order to achieve this, the research involves the modeling of the GPR electromagnetic pulse energy responses to simulated changes in buried body with time with a view to understand what the results of real field measurement will give. The field measurements were conducted with GPR system manufactured by Mala Geoscience with antennae frequency of 500 MHz, 250 MHz, and 100 MHz. Responses from both synthetic and field radargrams depict the target was intercepted at same time (approximately 25 ns). The results have demonstrated that FDTD modeling is an important tool for enhancing the reliability of GPR data interpretation particularly for forensic study.
Troika of Posture, Occlusion and Airway
Authors: Dasgupta Sanghmitra , Rozario Joe E.
Published: September 2019

Good posture means spine is neutral. Posture is dictated by the existing occlusion, especially the relation between the maxillary and mandibular permanent first molars. Overloading the spine due to bad posture is the precursor of many ailments. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome is one of them. Compromised airway is found to be a major contributory factor in sleep apnea cases. Restoring the dental anatomy to its normal has been found to reduce the load on the spine, improving ones posture. It also facilitates the compromised airways to attain normalcy.
Effects of Cannabinoids on Female Sexual Function
Authors: Lynn Becky , Gee Amy , Zhang Luna , Pfaus James G.
Published: September 2019

Introduction

With the legalization of both medical and recreational marijuana in some countries and a few US states, its use has become more widely prevalent. Both exogenous cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) have been shown to affect female gonadotropin pathways and female sexuality. Yet, our understanding of the mechanisms and effects on female sexual function is limited.

Aim

To review the literature regarding the effects of both endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids on female sexual function in both animals and humans.

Methods

We performed a PubMed search for English-language articles in peer-reviewed journals between 1970 and 2019. We used the following search terms: “cannabinoids,” “endocannabinoids,” “marijuana,” “cannabis,” and “female sexual function” or “sexual function.” The main outcomes of the papers were reviewed.

Main Outcome Measure

The main outcome measure was sexual function in females.

Results

A total of 12 human studies and 8 animal studies that evaluated the relationship between cannabinoids and female sexual function were included. Study types in animals were blinded, prospective, placebo-controlled trials. Human studies were based primarily on questionnaire data. The data indicate dose-dependent effects on female sexual desire and receptivity, such that low doses generally facilitate or have no effect but high doses inhibit.

Conclusions

More research is needed to develop a better understanding of the effects of cannabinoids on female sexual function. There does appear to be an effect on both animals and humans, but whether the effect is positive or negative along dose and species lines requires more study. With the legalization of marijuana occurring in more countries and more US states, there needs to be more well-controlled studies evaluating the effects.
Perceptions of precision medicine among diverse dementia caregivers and professional providers
Authors: Gaugler Joseph E. , McCarron Hayley R. , Mitchell Lauren L.
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Underrepresented groups experience health disparities and a history of exploitation by researchers and the health‐care system that may contribute to distrust of new treatments and technologies. This study aims to understand how diverse family caregivers and health‐care professionals view the benefits and risks of precision medicine as well as cultural dimensions to consider when developing and implementing precision medicine interventions in dementia care.

Methods

Eight focus group sessions and one individual interview were conducted over a 6‐month period. Fifty‐four focus group participants included African‐American, American Indian, rural Caucasian, Latino, and West African caregivers and health professionals. The majority of participants were female (73%) and were of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity (68%). About a third of participants identified their race as white. Participants were presented with four hypothetical scenarios related to precision medicine diagnostic and treatment approaches in dementia care: (1) genetic testing for dementia risk, (2) health‐care informatics to determine individualized medication dosages based on health and family history, (3) a smartphone application providing dementia caregiving tips, and (4) remote activity monitoring technology in the home. Focus groups' responses were coded using thematic analysis.

Results

Participants indicated skepticism regarding the use of precision medicine in their communities. Concerns included cost of precision medicine and insurance coverage; lack of alignment with cultural norms; fraught relationships between communities, health professionals, and researchers; data ownership and privacy; and the trade‐off between knowing risk and treatment benefit.

Discussion

Establishing relationships with underserved communities is crucial to advancing precision medicine in dementia care. Appropriate engagement with diverse racial, ethnic, and geographic communities may require significant investment but is necessary to deliver precision medicine effectively.
Dissociating the Person Case Constraint from its “repair”
Authors: Yokoyama Tomohiro
Published: September 2019

In French ditransitive sentences, certain person combinations of the two internal arguments cannot be expressed with two co-occurring clitics (a phenomenon referred to as the Person Case Constraint or PCC). To fill the interpretational gap created by this restriction, there is an alternative construction characterized as a “repair”, where the goal is realized as an independent phrase. The fact that the double-clitic construction and the repair construction are in complementary distribution led to a proposal of an interface algorithm that provides a way to repair a non-convergent structure. This article proposes an alternative account of the PCC, and claims that the complementarity between the PCC and its repair is instead accidental and is an artefact of the feature structure of arguments. The proposed account explains the unavailability of certain clitic combinations and some repairs independently, without resorting to a trans-derivational device like the previously proposed algorithm.
WHO ARE THE INFLUENTIALS IN CHINA'S CYBERSPACE AND WHAT DO THEY SAY ABOUT THE ISSUE OF SINO-JAPANESE RELATIONS?
Authors: Guan Tianru
Published: September 2019

This research note explores an increasingly prominent, but often neglected, communication group in China's cyberspace—the online “influential” (big Vs or verified users)—who shape public perceptions, including on foreign policy issues. Examining threads on Sino-Japanese relations on Weibo reveals a diverse ecosystem that includes not only established media agencies and government agencies, but public intellectuals, whose role and presence are quite central. An analysis of the content of posts finds that influentials have similarly diverse viewpoints on Sino-Japanese relations; some have broken with the conflict-focused discourses that have prevailed on Weibo, reflecting a competing narrative espousing the need for greater pragmatism towards Japan. The findings call into question the argument that social media necessarily trends toward greater nationalism.
When inspiration does not fit the bill: Charismatic leadership reduces performance in a team crisis for followers high in self-direction
Authors: Wegge Jürgen , Jungbauer Kevin-Lim , Shemla Meir
Published: September 2019

We extend charismatic leadership research by identifying conditions under which charismatic leadership reduces individual performance. Previous research found a positive impact of charismatic leadership, especially in crisis situations. However, we expect that followers with high self-determination reject charismatic leadership so that performance is reduced. In a laboratory experiment built as a brainstorming competition, 88 participants were randomly assigned to a condition with a team crisis or a control condition. Half of the participants received a charismatic leadership intervention after the crisis, which led to the ostentatious departure of a group member, while the other half was led laissez-faire. The results support our hypotheses. Although charismatic leadership was overall beneficial in a team crisis, our study provides experimental evidence of how charismatic leadership reduces the performance of certain team members in crises. Future research should investigate how leadership can best meet the specific needs of followers in different types of critical team situations.
Lost in Revision: Gender Symbolism in Vision 3 and Similitude 9 of the Shepherd of Hermas
Authors: Walsh Lora
Published: September 2019

This article investigates the early development of gendered Christian symbolism by focusing on discrepancies between two sections of the Shepherd of Hermas. Using close textual analysis and contemporary feminist theological frameworks, I identify the seemingly subtle, yet crucial and conspicuous, transformations of gender symbolism in the revision of Vision 3 into Similitude 9. These transformations include replacing the feminine Church with the Shepherd, the Tower, and the Son of God; dividing seven women (Faith and her genealogical descendants) into twelve virgins and their twelve vicious counterparts; and erasing “waters” and “the deep” from the Church’s foundation, while emphasizing tall rocks and level ground. Scholars typically have considered these revisions to be products of deeper and more systematic theological reflection, or mere elaborations and expansions in a “literary unity” drawn from oral composition. I argue instead that the revisions are rooted in embedded cultural patterns that consistently exclude maternal figures and their associated imagery. This re-evaluation of the revision process in Hermas complements other approaches to studying women in early Christian history, supplying a critical account of the evolving conceptual and symbolic structures that supported declines in the ecclesiastical status and symbolic significance of women.
THE MATERIALITY OF MARRIAGE IN THE ARTISAN COMMUNITY OF RENAISSANCE VERONA
Authors: FARRELL ZOE
Published: September 2019

The implicit view in many studies of Renaissance culture is that only the very wealthy were able actively to participate in, and to influence, the changing market for consumer goods. However, in recent years there has been an increasing awareness of the importance of studying the material culture of the non-elite. Building on the work of historians such as Sandra Cavallo, Paula Hohti, and Isabella Palumbo Fossati Casa, this article explores the items within the dotal inventories of the wives and daughters of artisans in sixteenth-century Verona. Through an analysis of 100 inventories, it will be argued that during the sixteenth century, artisans and their families played an active role in the burgeoning market for consumer goods. Even in provincial cities such as Verona, artisans were able to own vast numbers of commodities, which were at once practical, luxurious, and devotional, that functioned to increase both the comfort and splendour of the household. Dotal inventories are an underused source; however, this article will demonstrate how they can shed light on the material culture of the non-noble classes in the Renaissance.
Losing ground: Decline of Angkor's middle-level officials
Authors: Lustig Eileen , Lustig Terry
Published: September 2019

We argue in this article that the social and economic conditions in the Angkorian society of the tenth century or earlier contributed to the decline in status of some middle-level officials, as is evident from the mid-eleventh century. Many Angkorian inscriptions written between the late ninth and late twelfth centuries record purchases and donations of lands acquired for religious foundations. The texts often contain details of transactions and disputes seeking to validate title to these holdings. The buyers include middle-rankingloñandvāp, and increasingly, higher-ranking officials. An analysis of the roles and activities of the officials reveals something of their relative status and helps explain the disappearance ofvāpfrom the inscriptions in the eleventh century, and the relegation ofloñto temple roles by the twelfth century. The transfer of communal lands and lands owned by these officials to elites is attributed to hierarchical restrictions on land purchases, a reduction in fiscal immunities, and the need for taxes to be paid to the centre with high-value goods in Angkor's moneyless economy.
Mapping ethnicity in nineteenth-century Burma: When ‘categories of people’ (lumyo) became ‘nations’
Authors: Candier Aurore
Published: September 2019

Successive wars and the establishment of a border between the kingdom of Burma and British India in the nineteenth century challenged Burmese conceptions of sovereignty and political space. This essay investigates how European, and more specifically Anglo-American, notions of race, nation, and consular protection to nationals, progressively informed the Burmese concepts of ‘categories of people’ (lumyo) and ‘subject’ (kyun). First, I present the semantic evolution of these concepts in the 1820s–1830s, following the annexation of the western Burmese province of Arakan by British India in 1824. Then, I argue that the Burmese concept of lumyo was progressively associated with the European concept of ‘nations’ in the 1850s–1860s, following the annexation of Lower Burma in 1852. Finally, I uncover developments in the 1870s, when British consular protection extended to several freshly categorised ‘nations’, such as Shan, Karenni, and Kachin.
The social character of moral reasoning
Authors: Chater Nick , Zeitoun Hossam , Melkonyan Tigran
Published: September 2019

May provides a compelling case that reasoning is central to moral psychology. In practice, many morally significant decisions involve several moral agents whose actions are interdependent – and agents embedded in society. We suggest that social life and the rich patterns of reasoning that underpin it are ethical through and through.
Cautiously optimistic rationalism may not be cautious enough
Authors: Landy Justin F.
Published: September 2019

May expresses optimism about the source, content, and consequences of moral judgments. However, even if we are optimistic about their source (i.e., reasoning), some pessimism is warranted about their content, and therefore their consequences. Good reasoners can attain moral knowledge, but evidence suggests that most people are not good reasoners, which implies that most people do not attain moral knowledge.
Rationalization, controversy, and the entanglement of moral-social cognition: A “critical pessimist” take
Authors: Zheng Robin
Published: September 2019

I raise two worries about the Debunker's and Defeater Dilemmas, respectively, and I argue that moral cognition is inextricable from social cognition, which tends to rationalize deep social inequality. I thus opine that our moral-social capacities fare badly in profoundly unjust social contexts such as our own.
Do framing effects debunk moral beliefs?
Authors: McDonald Kelsey , Yin Siyuan , Weese Tara , Sinnott-Armstrong Walter
Published: September 2019

May argues that framing effects do not undermine moral beliefs, because they affect only a minority of moral judgments in small ways. We criticize his estimates of the extent of framing effects on moral judgments, and then we argue that framing effects would cause trouble for moral judgments even if his estimates were correct.
Humean replies to Regard for Reason
Authors: Sinhababu Neil
Published: September 2019

First, I argue that the Humean theory is compatible with the commonsense psychological explanations May invokes against it. Second, I explain why desire provides better-integrated explanations than the mental states May describes as sharing its effects. Third, I defend individuating processes by relata, which May rejects in arguing that anti-Humean views are as parsimonious as the Humean theory.
The faces of pessimism
Authors: Doris John M.
Published: September 2019

In this commentary on May's Regard for Reason in the Moral Mind, I argue that many of the interdisciplinary moral psychologists whom May terms “pessimists” are often considerably more optimistic about the prospects for progress in moral inquiry than he contends.
Imitation: Neither instinct nor gadget, but a cultural starting point?
Authors: Powell Lindsey J.
Published: September 2019

Heyes asks whether cultural learning mechanisms are cognitive instincts or cognitive gadgets. I argue that imitation does not fall into either category. Instead, its acquisition is promoted by its value in social interactions, which is evident across phylogeny and ontogeny and does not depend on the role of imitation in cultural learning.
A FLEMISH VENUS IN MILAN: GASPAR VAN WEERBEKE’S MISSA O VENUS BANT
Authors: Pavanello Agnese
Published: September 2019

The mass O Venus bant by Gaspar van Weerbeke enjoyed notable fame and diffusion, as shown by the considerable number of surviving copies. This study formulates a new hypothesis about the origin of the mass. An examination of the transmission of the mass suggests a new scenario for its composition in Milan in connection with a major political event: the alliance of the Duchy of Milan and the Duchy of Savoy with Charles the Bold in 1475. The choice of a Flemish cantus firmus is thus linked to a specific occasion related to the region in which the melody originated. Since some compositional elements can be read as intentional references to the L’Homme armé tradition, the specific context proposed for the performance of the polyphonic cycle seems particularly plausible because it can be linked to the court of Burgundy both in terms of historical and political events, as well as on the compositional and symbolic level. Finally, the possibility that Gaspar van Weerbeke was the initiator of the musical tradition of polyphonic settings of the chanson O Venus bant is explored.
Pathophysiologic mechanisms, neuroimaging and treatment in wake-up stroke
Authors: Elfil Mohamed , Eldokmak Mohamed , Baratloo Alireza , Ahmed Nada , Amin Hardik P. , Koo Brian B.
Published: September 2019

Wake-up stroke (WUS) or ischemic stroke occurring during sleep accounts for 14%–29.6% of all ischemic strokes. Management of WUS is complicated by its narrow therapeutic time window and attributable risk factors, which can affect the safety and efficacy of administering intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). This manuscript will review risk factors of WUS, with a focus on obstructive sleep apnea, potential mechanisms of WUS, and evaluate studies assessing safety and efficacy of IV t-PA treatment in WUS patients guided by neuroimaging to estimate time of symptom onset. The authors used PubMed (1966 to March 2018) to search for the term “Wake-Up Stroke” cross-referenced with “pathophysiology,” ‘‘pathogenesis,” “pathology,” “magnetic resonance imaging,” “obstructive sleep apnea,” or “treatment.” English language Papers were reviewed. Also reviewed were pertinent papers from the reference list of the above-matched manuscripts. Studies that focused only on acute Strokes with known-onset of symptoms were not reviewed. Literature showed several potential risk factors associated with increased risk of WUS. Although the onset of WUS is unknown, a few studies investigated the potential benefit of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in estimating the age of onset which encouraged conducting clinical trials assessing the efficacy of MRI-guided thrombolytic therapy in WUS.
THE AUTHORITY OF MORAL OVERSIGHT: ON THE LEGITIMACY OF CRIMINAL LAW
Authors: Bennett Christopher
Published: September 2019

An influential view in recent philosophy of punishment is that the apparatus of criminal justice should be geared at least in part to state censure of wrongdoing. I argue that if it were to be so geared, such an apparatus would make ambitious claims to authority, and that the legitimacy of the relevant state would then depend on whether those claims can be vindicated. This paper looks first at what kind of authority is being claimed by this apparatus. The criminal law, I argue, cannot merely be thought of as claiming a right to rule and to be obeyed. Rather, its authority is better understood as the authority of moral oversight: a power to alter, at will (though within certain limits), citizens’ liability to answer for their compliance with—and to be officially censured for their failure to comply with—a designated set of pre-existing moral 7reasons. The paper then looks at whether a state could realistically be expected to possess such authority—that is, whether a state that claims to have such a power could ever be legitimate.
Assessing the impact of food insecurity on HIV medication adherence in the context of an integrated care programme for people living with HIV in Vancouver, Canada
Authors: Koehn Katrina , McLinden Taylor , Collins Alexandra B , McDougall Patrick , Baltzer-Turje Rosalind , Miewald Christiana , Wang Lu , Li Jenny , Salters Kate A , Hogg Robert S , Parashar Surita
Published: September 2019

Objective:

Food insecurity, or self-reports of inadequate food access due to limited financial resources, remains prevalent among people living with HIV (PLHIV). We examined the impact of food insecurity on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) adherence within an integrated care programme that provides services to PLHIV, including two meals per day.

Design:

Adjusted OR (aOR) were estimated by generalized estimating equations, quantifying the relationship between food insecurity (exposure) and cART adherence (outcome) with multivariable logistic regression.

Setting:

We drew on survey data collected between February 2014 and March 2016 from the Dr. Peter Centre Study based in Vancouver, Canada.

Participants:

The study included 116 PLHIV at baseline, with ninety-nine participants completing a 12-month follow-up interview. The median (quartile 1–quartile 3) age was 46 (39–52) years at baseline and 87 % (n 101) were biologically male at birth.

Results:

At baseline, 74 % (n 86) of participants were food insecure (≥2 affirmative responses on Health Canada’s Household Food Security Survey Module) and 67 % (n 78) were adherent to cART ≥95 % of the time. In the adjusted regression analysis, food insecurity was associated with suboptimal cART adherence (aOR = 0·47, 95 % CI 0·24, 0·93).

Conclusions:

While food provision may reduce some health-related harms, there remains a relationship between this prevalent experience and suboptimal cART adherence in this integrated care programme. Future studies that elucidate strategies to mitigate food insecurity and its effects on cART adherence among PLHIV in this setting and in other similar environments are necessary.
Assessing the economic viability of integrated crop−livestock systems in Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: dos Reis Júlio César , Kamoi Mariana Y. T. , Latorraca Daniel , Chen Rafael F. F. , Michetti Miqueias , Wruck Flávio Jesus , Garrett Rachael D. , Valentim Judson Ferreira , Rodrigues Renato de Aragão Ribeiro , Rodrigues-Filho Saulo
Published: September 2019

Population growth and rising incomes have led to increasing global demand for meat products. Meeting this demand without converting remaining natural ecosystems or further degrading ecosystems is one of the largest global sustainability challenges. A critical step to overcoming this challenge is to increase the productivity of livestock grazing systems, which occupy the largest land area of any type of agriculture globally. Integrated crop−livestock systems (iCL), which re-couple crop and livestock production at the farm scale, have been considered a promising strategy to tackle this challenge by restoring degraded pasturelands and providing supplemental nutrition to livestock. However, few studies have analyzed the economic viability of such systems, especially in Brazil, an important player in global food systems. This paper presents an economic analysis of iCL in Mato Grosso, Brazil, the largest grain and beef producer in the country, which spans the ecologically diverse Amazon, Cerrado and Pantanal biomes. We compare the economic performance of an integrated soybean/corn and beef cattle system to a continuous crop (soybean/corn) system and a continuous livestock (beef cattle) production system from 2005 to 2012. We use empirical case study data to characterize a ‘typical’ farm for each production system within the study region. We find that the integrated crop−livestock system has a higher annual net present value (NPV) per hectare (ha) than continuous cropping or livestock under a range of discount rates. However, under a scenario of substantially higher crop prices, the continuous cropping outperforms iCL. While iCL is not feasible in all regions of the Amazon and Cerrado, our results indicate that in places where the biophysical and market conditions are suitable for production, it could be a highly profitable way to intensify cattle production and potentially spare land for other uses, including conservation. Nevertheless, additional credit and technical support may be needed to overcome high upfront costs and informational barriers to increase iCL areas as a sustainable development strategy for agriculture in the Amazon and Cerrado regions.
Introduction to the Kornai 90 Symposium
Authors: Piroska Dóra , Rosta Miklós
Published: September 2019

This introduction to the Kornai 90 Symposium briefly overviews János Kornai's rich scholarship with the aim of highlighting those features of Kornai's work that are of particular interest to institutional economists. Above all, the introduction browses through some of his main works, such asOvercentralization,Anti-Equilibrium, andEconomics of Shortage, with a special emphasis on the soft budget constraint,The Socialist System, and Kornai's latest writings on Hungary's U-turn. We invoke the political contexts of these works to suggest their impact on Kornai's diverse questions, changing methods, and the constraint they put on his conclusions as well as on the reception of the research results. In the end, we underline that Kornai was an independent scholar with an interest in a variety of methods and approaches, who nevertheless, or maybe consequently, had a remarkable impact on the thinking of social scientists and practitioners alike. The four papers presented in the symposium are testimonies to the living impact of Kornai'soeuvreon institutionalist analysis today.
Meta-waveguide analysis and implementation for using as a slot array antenna
Authors: Fallah Mahmoud , Khalaj-Amirhosseini Mohammad
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a novel concept named meta-waveguide structures to design slot array antennas based on metasurface. The proposed method investigates the geometrical parameters of the embedded metasurface and their relations to build up the engineered electric and magnetic fields to introduce efficient slot array antennas. This approach eliminates the necessity of using the well-known offsets in typical slot arrays, which can be benefited from linear array theorem. This idea is realized by employing successive filed curvature along the propagation direction, utilizing periodic metasurfaces. Thereafter, a step-by-step algorithm is recommended to design an efficient slot array antenna. Finally, a prototype is fabricated and tested experimentally validating the theoretical calculations.