bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recovery Residences Are an Innovative Site for HIV Prevention Interventions Targeting People Who Inject Drugs: Preliminary Data From Project HOMES
Authors: Wilkerson J. Michael , Atkinson John , Akkala Sreelatha , Zoschke I. Niles , Anosike Michael U. , Gallardo Kathryn R. , Rodriguez Serena A. , Brown Henry S. , Cazaban Cecilia Ganduglia , Yang James , Herrera Estevan , Howell Jason , McCurdy Sheryl
Published: December 2024

Of 1.2 million Americans who would benefit from pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), only 36% were prescribed PrEP in 2023. Project HOMES is an ongoing study that evaluates recovery residences for individuals in medication-assisted recovery from opioid use disorder across five Texas cities. Behavioral and psychosocial survey data and biomarkers were collected with a focus on the history of HIV testing, PrEP awareness, and willingness to engage in preventive treatments from a subsample of participants. Preliminary results demonstrated varying levels of HIV testing (83%), PrEP awareness (51%), and willingness to use PrEP (44%) among residents. Willingness to use PrEP was further differentiated by the method of administration, including the preference for pills (40%) and injections (40%). The findings underscore the critical role that recovery residences could play in PrEP access and addressing health care disparities among people with a history of injecting drugs.
A Differentiated HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Delivery Model for High-Risk Groups in Nanning City, South China: Findings from a Pilot Program
Authors: Wu Yufei , Chen Huanhuan , Zhan Junyu , Liu Junhui , Li Yanjun , Cai Wenlong , Liu Shuaifeng , Liang Nengxiu , Lan Guanghua
Published: December 2024

In China, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among men who have sex with men (MSM) and HIV-serodiscordant couples is low. We offered differentiated PrEP options tailored to MSM in a community-based organization (CBO) setting, and to HIV-serodiscordant couples attempting conception in a specialized HIV care clinic. The CBO facilitated PrEP by linkage with a telemedicine platform for virtual consultation; additional online follow-up on social media was conducted by peers. PrEP was taken properly in 88.7% of visits. Retention was 82.4% at Month 6. MSM having HIV-infected partners over the past 6 months were more likely to adhere to PrEP; ≥ 50 years old and daily oral PrEP were significant predictors for failing in retention. Five pregnancies were reported in the clinic. A peer-led and social media, telemedicine-assisted PrEP model within a CBO is a feasible approach to roll out PrEP among MSM. Integrated PrEP in specialized HIV clinics is appropriate for serodiscordant couples attempting conception.
Factors Associated With PrEP Utilization and Access in the United States
Authors: David Hollie M. , Martin Thomas , Wells Alan , Little Susan J. , Mehta Sanjay
Published: December 2024

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a cornerstone of the Ending the HIV Epidemic plan. We evaluated sociodemographic factors associated with PrEP use in jurisdictions with high HIV diagnosis rates between the initial years of PrEP rollout in the U.S. Data were abstracted from AIDSVu, U.S. Census Bureau, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Election Lab data for years 2012–2019. Linear mixed methods modeling was used to correlate county-level PrEP rates and correlational analysis for state-level PrEP rates (PrEP use per 100,000 persons) with year, HIV diagnoses, income, insurance coverage, proportion of Democratic votes for president in 2020, race, and geographic location. Sociodemographic factors such as income, race, and political affiliation were significantly associated with county- and state-level PrEP use. Further research to understand policy differences that lead to inequitable provision of PrEP is needed.
Deconstructing Detachment: Contrasting Trait Profiles in Community Adults With Schizoid Versus Avoidant Personality Styles
Authors: Urer Feyza , Bornstein Robert F.
Published: December 2024

The degree to which schizoid and avoidant personality styles represent unique variants of interpersonal detachment remains controversial. This study contrasted core traits associated with schizoid versus avoidant personalities in a mixed-sex sample of 221 community adults, using the five traits that comprise the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD). The International Personality Disorders Examination Screening Questionnaire was used to assess schizoid and avoidant personality traits; the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 was used to assess negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism. As expected, schizoid and avoidant scores were both positively associated with AMPD detachment scores (rs were .68 and .57, respectively). Regression analyses confirmed that, in addition to detachment, high levels of negative affectivity and low levels of disinhibition were uniquely predictive of avoidant personality traits, whereas low levels of antagonism were uniquely predictive of schizoid personality traits. The present findings support the distinctiveness of these two contrasting expressions of detachment.
Differential Mapping of Psychopathic Traits and General Psychopathology in a Large Young Adult Sample
Authors: Carlisi Christina O. , Fielder Jennifer C. , Knodt Annchen R. , Romer Adrienne L. , Hariri Ahmad R. , Viding Essi
Published: December 2024

Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by affective-interpersonal features and an impulsive-antisocial lifestyle. Psychopathy commonly co-occurs with other forms of psychopathology, but current understanding of how behavioral features of psychopathy co-occur with, or are distinct from, other mental health problems is limited. In this study, we analysed data from a large sample of young adults to study the relationship between different facets of psychopathic traits and general psychopathology (“p”). Data were collected between 2010 and 2016 and included 1,324 U.S. undergraduate students (Mage = 19.7 years; 57% female). Linear regression models revealed that the antisocial facet of psychopathy was distinct from p, while the lifestyle facet was correlated with p and externalizing behavior. Interpersonal and affective facets were correlated with internalizing behaviors. Collectively, these findings suggest that psychopathic traits of severe, premeditated antisocial behavior are distinct from general psychopathology, whereas impulsive and uninhibited lifestyle traits are a shared feature of psychopathology.
Auditory Hallucinations in Borderline Personality Disorder and Schizophrenia: A Quantitative Comparison Using Patient Records
Authors: Phillips Jonathan , Whitehead Thomas , Barrera Alvaro
Published: December 2024

The phenomenological differences in auditory hallucinations between schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are unclear in the existing literature, in part due to underpowered studies and heterogeneous research populations that do not represent those in the acute clinical setting. This study addresses this by using patient records to compare auditory hallucinations at the point of clinical psychiatric assessment for 341 unique patients, 165 with BPD and 176 with schizophrenia. Patients with BPD were found to have more subjectively distressing and objectively negative hallucinations, as well as more command hallucinations. Furthermore, they possessed more insight and were less likely to incorporate hallucinations into delusions. These results support the hypothesis that, while descriptively similar, auditory hallucinations are interpreted differently between the two groups. This study also supports that electronic records of patient assessments are a feasible way to assess large numbers of reports of auditory hallucinations.
When the Others Are Dangerous: Paranoid Presentations in Subclinical Forms of Personality Disorders
Authors: Fanti Erika , Di Sarno Marco , Di Pierro Rossella
Published: December 2024

The discriminant validity of paranoid personality disorder has been recently questioned, and paranoid presentations are now conceived of as transdiagnostic features of personality disorders (PDs). However, empirical results are inconsistent. This study investigated the link between subclinical personality disorders (except paranoid PD) and paranoid presentations, exploring how the severity of personality functioning affects this relationship. Nonclinical participants (N = 270, females: n = 194; 71.9%) completed self-report measures of the constructs of interest. In multiple regression analyses, subclinical borderline PD was primarily related to a wide range of paranoid presentations. Moreover, the severity of personality functioning increased the strength of the association between subclinical BPD and severe paranoid presentations. Results suggest that, when exploring unique contributions, paranoid presentations are especially associated with subclinical forms of BPD and highlight the importance of considering personality dysfunction severity. Additionally, the findings demonstrate that paranoid presentations are a relatively transdiagnostic dimension.
ARQUEOLOGIA EXPERIMENTAL APLICADA AO ESTUDO DAS BOLEADEIRAS PRÉ-COLONIAIS DA REGIÃO PLATINA
Authors: Garcia Anderson Marques , Da Silva Bruno Gato
Published: December 2024

Resumo: A boleadeira é um dos artefatos arqueológicos mais conhecidos na região platina, não só pela comunidade acadêmica, como também pela população em geral. Seu processo produtivo continua envolto por muitas suposições, que em sua maioria não resistem a provações empíricas. Tendo em vista esta situação, foi realizado um levantamento das origens pré-coloniais desse artefato, uma busca bibliográfica de relatos de cronistas sobre esse instrumento, e em seguida, relata-se uma atividade de produção e uso desse instrumento de forma experimental. Ao final, expõem-se a sequência operatória apreendida na experimentação e as considerações desse processo aplicadas ao estudo de coleções arqueológicas.Abstract: The boleadeira is one of the most popular archaeological artifacts of the Plata region, not only by the academic community but also by the general population. Its production process remains surrounded by many assumptions, most of them do not resist empirical trials. In view of this situation, a survey of pre-colonial origins of this artifact was provided, as well as a literature survey of chronicles reports of that instrument, and then reported an activity of production and use in an experimental way. At the end, it is presented the operational sequence of the experimentation and the considerations of this process applied to the study of archaeological collections.
OS PIONEIROS E SEU LEGADO NA CONSTRUÇÃO DA ARQUEOLOGIA DO MARANHÃO
Authors: Bandeira Arkley Marques
Published: December 2024

Resumo: Este artigo aborda a história da arqueologia do Maranhão e o papel dos pioneiros na construção do conhecimento sobre o passado. Para tanto, serão abordados dois momentos que caracterizaram a trajetória da disciplina: o Período Descritivo (séculos XVII a XIX), que produziu os relatos mais significativos sobre as populações indígenas do Estado, fonte inesgotável de inspiração e conhecimento sobre o passado local e o período Descritivo-Classificatório (século XX), onde foram registrados e descritos os principais sítios arqueológicos observados em distintas regiões do Maranhão. Além disso, caracterizou-se como um momento singular da história da arqueologia maranhense, pelo caráter pioneiro de alguns pesquisadores em abordar temas atuais, como a proteção e preservação do patrimônio arqueológico para as gerações futuras, socialização do conhecimento e ensino e pesquisa.Abstract: This article discusses the history of archeology and the role the pioneers of Maranhão in the construction of knowledge about the past. To this end, two moments that will be addressed characterized the trajectory of the discipline: Description Period (XVII – XIX), which produced the most significant reports on indigenous peoples of the state, inexhaustible source of inspiration and knowledge about the local past and period Description -Qualifier (XX), which were recorded and described the main archaeological sites observed in different regions of Maranhão. Moreover, it was characterized as a singular moment in the history of archeology of Maranhão because the pioneer character of some researchers to address current issues such as the protection and preservation of archaeological heritage for future generations, knowledge socialization and education and research.
RESENHA DO LIVRO “DEIXE ESTAR: PATRIMÔNIO, ARQUEOLOGIA E LICENCIAMENTOS AMBIENTAIS” DE GISLENE MONTICELLI
Authors: Maciel Letícia Nörnberg
Published: December 2024

Resumo: Resenha do livro Deixe estar: Patrimônio, Arqueologia e Licenciamentos Ambientais, de Gislene Monticelli, publicado em 2010, o qual busca trazer à tona a discussão que há anos ocorre dentro da arqueologia brasileira sobre a chamada, dentre outros nomes, Arqueologia por Contrato. Monticelli faz inicialmente uma macroanálise do contexto histórico, político e econômico da implementação de grandes obras no Brasil, valendo-se também de exemplos internacionais.Abstract: Gislene Monticelli's book Heritage, Archeology and Environmental Licensing, published in 2010, which seeks to bring to the fore the discussion that has been going on for years in Brazilian archeology about the call, among other names, Archeology by Contract. Monticelli initially makes a macro-analysis of the historical, political and economic context of the implementation of major works in Brazil, also using international examples.
DOCUMENTOS MAMBEMBES: OS DIFERENTES SUPORTES DE MEMÓRIA EM UM CASO DE PESQUISA COM O CIRCO-TEATRO
Authors: Marchi Darlan De Mamann , Porto Nogueira Isabel
Published: December 2024

Resumo: A diversidade de suportes de memória se coloca como fonte à pesquisa por duas óticas: as inúmeras possibilidades que oferecem e os desafios que as escolhas implicam. Como exemplo disso, aborda-se a pesquisa sobre o Teatro do Bebé, um circo-teatro familiar do Rio Grande do Sul, e que tem se dado através da junção de algumas fontes documentais e fotográficas familiares, anúncios de jornais e reportagens sobre o grupo/família, mas principalmente através da produção de documentos, ou seja, de entrevistas e de pesquisa de campo junto ao espaço da lona onde o grupo mambembe se apresenta. Quando a pesquisa relaciona-se a trajetória de um grupo, ou de uma atividade humana em processo, não tendo como base específica um arquivo ou um espaço fixo organizado que reúna os documentos necessários, ela é também uma forma de unir as diferentes fontes documentais em um acervo específico. O processo de pesquisa torna-se assim, constituidor de um acervo sobre determinado assunto, acervo esse organizado segundo as lógicas e os objetivos do pesquisador.Abstract: The diversity of storage media stands as a source of research for two points of view: the countless possibilities they offer and the challenges that involve choices. As an example, it deals with the research on the Teatro do Bebé, a circus-theater family of Rio Grande do Sul, which has been given by the inclusion of some familiar photographic and documentary sources, newspaper advertisements, and news about the group / family, but mainly through the production of documents, i.e., interviews and field research in the area of the canvas where the traveling theater group does its presentations. When the research is related to the trajectory of a group, or a human activity in the process, not based on one specific file or a fixed space organized to gather the necessary documents, it is also a way to unite the different documentary sources on one specific collection. The research process becomes thus constitutive of a collection on a given subject, this collection organized according to the logic and goals of the researcher.
LA TERRITORIALIDAD DE LOS PUEBLOS ORIGINARIOS: UNA HISTORIA DE DESPOJOS Y VIOLACIONES EN EL ABYA YALA
Authors: Gonzáles-Muños Jenny
Published: December 2024

Resumo: El territorio para los pueblos autóctonos implica una relación de identidad y de auto-construcción y el reconocimiento de su espacio comuntario que sintetiza los elementos implicados dentro de un pasado común, es decir, histórico, es la visión del mundo como el lugar donde se desarrollan todas las relaciones sociales esenciales para la continuidad cultural en una larga eventualidad de derechos y deberes colectivos. Para los pueblos indígenas de América Latina la territorialidad tiene que ver con la herencia ancestral, y no solamente como un lote de tierra capitalizable, su valor es sagrado y comunitario, y no económico. Desde el siglo XV estos pueblos han sufrido la violencias y el despojo de sus tierras ancestrales, una situación que incluso en el siglo XXI está presente.Résumé: Le territoire pour les populations autochtones implique une relation d'identité et de l'auto-construction et la reconnaissance de soi l'espace communautaire qui synthétise les éléments impliqués dans un passé commun, c'est à dire historique, c’est la vision du monde comme l'endroit où il fait toutes les relations sociales essentielles enregistré pour la continuité culturelle dans un large éventail de droits et des devoirs collectifs. Pour les peuples indigènes d'Amérique latine, la territorialité a à voir avec l'héritage ancestral, et pas seulement un morceau de terre capitalisés, sa valeur est sacrée et communautaire, et non économique. Depuis le XVe siècle, ces peuples ont souffert le viol et la dépossession de leurs terres ancestrales, une situation que même dans le XXIe siècle reste bien réel.
UM SISTEMA DOCUMENTAL PARA ACERVOS ARQUEOLÓGICOS APLICADO AO LABORATÓRIO DE ESTUDOS E PESQUISAS ARQUEOLÓGICAS/UFSM
Authors: Ballardo Luciana Oliveira Messeder , Milder Saul Eduardo Seiguer
Published: December 2024

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta a implantação de um sistema de documentação para o patrimônio material abrigado pelo Laboratório de Estudos e Pesquisas Arqueológicas da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LEPA/UFSM). O sistema procura atender as necessidades documentais do acervo seguindo parâmetros técnicos e utilizando mecanismos que auxiliem na organização e recuperação dos objetos, tanto fisicamente como as informações a eles relacionadas. Previamente, o artigo apresenta uma análise bibliográfica acerca da documentação museológica em acervos de Patrimônio Material de forma geral, e também, especificamente a documentação de patrimônio arqueológico. Em seguida, o processo de documentação que está sendo utilizado no laboratório. E por fim, aponta as contribuições para esta área de estudo, que podem ser usadas como referencial na elaboração de novos sistemas para documentação de Patrimônio Material Arqueológico. Abstract: This article presents the implantation of a documentation system for Laboratory of Archaeological Studies and Research from the Federal University of Santa Maria (LEPA/UFSM). The system seeks to attend the needs from collection, following technical parameters and using mechanisms that assist in the organization and find the objects and the information about them. Previously, the article shows a bibliography analysis about museological documentation of Material Patrimony in general and archaeological heritage documentation. Right away, the documentation process is being used in the laboratory. In conclusion, it shows the contributions to be a referential in future work in this thematic.
A TRADIÇÃO CERAMISTA TUPIGUARANI NA PLANÍCIE COSTEIRA CENTRAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL
Authors: Pestana Marlon Borges
Published: December 2024

Resumo: Este artigo é um resumo expandido da Dissertação de Mestrado, defendida por nós, em Março de 2007, na Universidade do vale do Rio dos Sinos – Unisinos. A posição geográfica da Planície Costeira Central é dos 30º 15’ aos 32º 15’ e 50º 15’ a 52º 05’. É uma área de formação geológica Quaternária com solo arenoso, vegetação rasteira sobre dunas e matas litorâneas, hidrografia composta de lagoas, laguna e arroios. Os sítios arqueológicos da tradição cerâmica Tupiguarani encontram-se, na sua maioria, erodidos sobre dunas (31), bem como nos “cerritos” (01), sambaquis marinhos (03) e lacustres (04), além dos de campo aberto (09) (Mentz Ribeiro, 1994-1998). Ao estabelecermos um quadro comparativo, obtivemos os seguintes resultados: O material encontrado na planície costeira central assemelha-se nas técnicas de confecção ao material encontrado no restante do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, o material cerâmico tem como características principais a decoração predominante do corrugado. Abstract: This paper is an expanded abstract of our dissertation, concluded in March 2007; at the University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos – Unisinos. The geographical position of the central coastal plain is 30°15’ to 32°15’S and 50°15’ to 52°05’. It is an area of a Quaternary geological formation with sandy ground, underbrush, coastal forests; hydrography composed by lagoons, lakes and streams. The archaeological sites of the Tupiguarani pottery tradition are located, the most of then, eroded over dunes (31), as well the mounds called “cerritos” (01), marine shell mounds (03) and lagoon shell mounds (04) and open-field sites (09). To establish an analog framework, the results obtained were: The material found in the central coastal plain is similar in manufacture techniques to the material around the Rio Grande do Sul State. The main aspects of pottery are, predominantly, corrugated decoration.
RELATÓRIO DA INTERVENÇÃO DE RESTAURO DE UM LEQUE MANDARIM, ACERVO DO MUSEU MUNICIPAL PARQUE DA BARONESA, PELOTAS-RS
Authors: Torino Isabel Halfen , Lacerda Bachettini Andréa
Published: December 2024

Resumo: O presente relatório descreve as etapas de restauração de um leque chinês do século XIX, acervo do Museu Municipal Parque da Baronesa, localizado em Pelotas-RS. O trabalho observou as técnicas construtivas, a caracterização e o comportamento dos materiais constituintes da peça, concentrando-se na diversidade de matérias primas integradas neste objeto e suas interações no processo de restauro. A intenção deste estudo foi a de contribuir para a conservação e orientar para as práticas adequadas de recuperação de acervos desta tipologia para Pelotas e região. Résumé: Ce rapport décrit les étapes de restauration d’un éventail chinois du XIXe siècle, fonds du Musée Municipal Parc de la Baronne, situé à Pelotas, RS, Brésil. Ce travail a observé les techniques constructives, la caractérisation et le comportement des materiaux constituants  de la pièce, en se concentrant dans la diversité de matières premières integrées dans cet objet et ses interactions dans le procès de restauration. L’intention de cet étude a été de contribuire pour la conservation et de orienter pour les pratiques adéquates de récupération de fonds de cette typologie pour Pelotas et pour la région.Abstract:  This report describes the stages of restoration of a Chinese fan of the 19th century, a collection of the Baronesa Park Municipal Museum, located in Pelotas, RS. The work observed the constructive techniques, the characterization and the behavior of the constituent materials of the piece, concentrating on the diversity of raw materials integrated into this object and their interactions in the restoration process. The intention of this study was to contribute to conservation and guide the appropriate practices of recovery of collections of this typology for Pelotas and region.
Interpopulation variation in seed dormancy of Dipterygium glaucum
Authors: Gairola Sanjay , Alketbi Asma , Phartyal Shyam S. , Alketbi Fatima , Mahmoud Tamer
Published: December 2024

Dipterygium glaucum is a widespread plant in the sandy desert ecosystem; however, we have minimal information on its seed ecology. This study investigated the effects of scarification, temperature (25/15, 30/20 and 35/25°C), and light (12 hours light and 24 hours dark) on
dormancy break and germination of its seeds collected from three populations in the United Arab Emirates. The imbibition curves exhibited varying patterns across the seeds of the studied populations, with little differences observed between intact and scarified seeds. Fresh scarified seeds
germinated in significantly higher proportions than intact seeds among the tested temperature treatments. D. glaucum from two populations have a continuum of non-dormant (ND) and dormant (D) seeds, while the third population only have dormant seeds. Since scarification weakens physiological
dormancy (PD), especially non-deep PD, we inferred the proportions of dormant seeds likely to possess non-deep PD. Neither light nor dark conditions strictly promoted or inhibited germination substantially at any tested temperature regimes, indicating the species is well adapted to the fluctuating
climatic conditions of arid desert ecosystems. Interpopulation variations in seed germination suggest plants may have microclimate-based regeneration strategies, highlighting the need to consider these variations in seed traits for effective restoration.
Dyspareunia is rarely assessed in rodent models of endometriosis and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Nunez-Badinez Paulina , Shah Razneen , Demetriou Lysia , De Leo Bianca , Meijlink Jane , Birch Judy , Schmidt Nicole , Nagel Jens , Vincent Katy
Published: December 2024

Dyspareunia, or pain during sex, is a common and often debilitating symptom in individuals with endometriosis and/or interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Despite its significant impact on quality of life, it is frequently overlooked in research. This review evaluates how dyspareunia has been addressed in preclinical investigations of these conditions. A systematic search was conducted using Embase from 1998 to 2021, identifying original in vivo preclinical studies using female rodents to model (i) endometriosis and (ii) IC/BPS. The search aimed to identify studies that assessed dyspareunia. Study quality and risk of bias were evaluated using a modified CAMARADES checklist. Our analysis found 1,286 studies modelling endometriosis and 674 modelling IC/BPS, but only 18 and 1, respectively, measured dyspareunia. The most common method involved vaginal distention in rats, assessed by either behavioural escape responses or visceromotor reflexes of abdominal muscles. Despite the high prevalence of dyspareunia in these conditions, it is rarely measured in preclinical studies. We identify a significant gap in the literature and offer succinct recommendations for future translational research to address this important symptom.

Lay summary

Dyspareunia describes pain occurring before, during or after sexual intercourse. This poorly understood symptom is particularly common in people suffering from two chronic pain-related conditions: endometriosis and IC/BPS, severely impacting their quality of life. Therefore, effective treatments addressing painful sex in people with these conditions are needed. To see the benefits of medical research at the patient’s bedside, it is important to build from basic science research to preclinical animal studies then to human studies. Our study aims to assess the work that has been done so far at the ‘preclinical’ stage. Developments have been made in the methodology used to investigate this symptom in animals, and a summary of all the key findings may help build a platform to design future studies. Given the urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies, attention given to painful sex by scientific medical researchers and physicians needs to improve.
Veikalas apie XX a. antrosios pusės – XXI a. pradžios knygotyrinės mokslinės draugijos veiklą Lenkijoje
Authors: Navickienė Aušra
Published: December 2024

Koredczuk, Bożena. Badania nad książką, biblioteką i informacją w kręgu towarzystw naukowych. Komisja Bibliologii i Bibliotekoznawstwa Wrocławskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego (1953‒2003). Wrocław-Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego; Komitet Historii Nauki i Techniki Pan, 2021. 506 S.
EVOLUTION OF METFORMIN IN BREAST CANCER THERAPY IN LAST TWO DECADES: A REVIEW
Authors: SARATHI R. , SARUMATHY S. , DURAI MAVALAVAN V.M.
Published: December 2024

Among women, breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers. The disease has a complex etiology, with multiple biological pathways contributing to its development. As insulin signaling has mitogenic effects, glucose is a necessary cellular metabolic substrate, and the growth and metastasis of breast cancer are closely related to cellular glucose metabolism. Anti-diabetic medications have drawn increased attention as a potential treatment for breast cancer. Metformin lowers cancer incidence and death rates in patients with type 2 diabetes, according to epidemiologic studies. Preclinical studies conducted in vivo and in vitro offer fascinating new insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying metformin oncostatic action. We present an overview of the mechanisms of anticancer effects of metformin and discuss its potential function as an adjuvant in the treatment of breast cancer.
ROLE OF RIBONUCLEASES IN THE REGULATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSE
Authors: SHLYAKHOVENKO V. , SAMOYLENKO O. , VERBINENKO A. , GANUSEVICH I.
Published: December 2024

Ribonucleases (RNases) perform many different functions in living systems. They are responsible for the formation and processing of various ribonucleic acids (RNAs), including the messenger RNA and all types of microRNAs, and determine the duration of the existence of different RNAs in the cell and extracellular environment. RNases are ubiquitously expressed in many tissue types. This short review discusses the major types and main functions of RNases, their homeostatic functions, influence of transcription, immunomodulation, and the role of extracellular RNases in the immune defense mechanisms
PROSTATE CANCER DIAGNOSTICS MODELING USING THE INFRARED IMAGING METHOD
Authors: PARTSVANIA B. , SULABERIDZE T. , KHUSKIVADZE A. , ABAZADZE S.
Published: December 2024

Background. Imaging plays an important role in the identification of prostate cancer (PCa). However, a shortcoming of the current imaging techniques is their inability to detect PCa at an early stage of development when tumor volume is small. This led us to explore new and improved imaging methods. The phenomenon that infrared (IR) light penetrates biological tissues caused our efforts to utilize IR rays for PCa visualization. The aim of this study was to conduct model experiments to demonstrate how IR light could be used in the future to detect PCa in vivo. Materials and Methods. Experiments were carried out on prostates obtained after radical prostatectomy. The study was approved by the ethical commission of the Georgia-Israel Joint Clinic “Gidmedi”. We developed a device that uses IR light to illuminate a prostate from the inside. In order to get IR images of the prostate, we developed a device with an IR-sensitive charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The model experiments showed that the intensity of IR light passing through noncancerous and malignant prostate tissues is significantly different allowing their distinguishment. The visualization device can detect PCa lesions as small as several millimeters. Conclusion. These results suggest that our device could be useful for the detection of small PCa lesions.
Caregivers’ Views of a Pediatric Inpatient Intervention to Address Health-Related Social Risks
Authors: Abramsohn Emily M. , Mendoza Tania A. , Bartlett Allison H. , Glasser Nathaniel J. , Grana Mellissa , Jerome Jessica , Miller Doriane C. , Murphy Jeff , O’Malley Christine , Waxman Elaine , Tessler Lindau Stacy
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

To understand the experiences of parents and caregivers of hospitalized children with CommunityRx-Hunger, a social care intervention designed to address food insecurity and other health-related social risks (HRSRs). Perspectives on how clinicians can sensitively deliver information about HRSRs in the pediatric inpatient setting were also elicited.

METHODS

In-depth, semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted (April 2022 through April 2023) with caregivers of children hospitalized at an urban academic medical center. Caregivers (N = 23) were purposefully sampled from the intervention arm of the double-blind CommunityRx-Hunger randomized controlled trial (NCT4171999). Initiated during hospital discharge, CommunityRx-Hunger includes 3 evidence-based components: education about HRSRs, delivery of HRSR-related resource information, and ongoing support to boost the intervention over 12 months. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis.

RESULTS

Most caregivers identified as the child’s mother (n = 20) and as African American or Black (n = 19) and were partnered (n = 14). Three main themes emerged: (1) positive experiences with CommunityRx-Hunger, including the sentiment that caregivers were unaware of the amount of community resources available to address HRSRs and perceptions that caregivers “were set up for success once we left the hospital”; (2) barriers to integrating social care with medical care, including concern that clinicians “are gonna use [disclosure of HRSRs] against me”; and (3) recommendations for optimizing social care delivery, including a prevalent suggestion to “just give the information” to caregivers, without asking about risks or needs.

CONCLUSION

CommunityRx-Hunger was mostly well received by caregivers. Routinely providing resource information to all caregivers of hospitalized children, regardless of need, could help alleviate concerns about disclosing HRSRs.
Two concurrent systems of nominal classification in Ngəmba (Eastern Grassfields)
Authors: Mekamgoum Solange , Kießling Roland
Published: December 2024

Alongside a reduced gender system of the Bantoid type, the Eastern Grassfields language Ngəmba (Cameroon) of the Ghomala’ cluster operates an incipient numeral classifier system that is restricted to a given set of nouns. The present paper provides a first analysis of its semantic, morphosyntactic and etymological profile and explores its relation to the concurrent gender system following the model of Fedden & Corbett 2017. Semantically, Ngəmba numeral classifiers categorize counted items for their shape and texture (saliently one-dimensional long and rigid vs. two-dimensional flat shape vs. three-dimensional globular), their partition (morsel vs. lump vs. slice) and their arrangement or aggregation (pile vs. bunch vs. tuft) with an instance of conflation with the notion of counterexpectual scantiness and inferior quality (meagre portion). On the etymological level, Ngəmba numeral classifiers develop from ordinary generic nouns denoting concepts such as head, horn, grain, stick, pod, pile and lump. Eventual loss of nominal properties indexes an incipient functional split of the lexical source item and the newly emergent word class of numeral classifier. While Ngəmba conforms with the profile of numeral classifier systems found in other Bantoid languages such as Tiv (Angitso 2020) and beyond (Kießling 2018) in these respects, it diverges by its morphosyntax in establishing a close bond between classifier and numeral to the exclusion of the enumerated noun.
Thematic review of financial education and financial literacy in the digital age
Authors: Kovács Levente , Terták Elemér
Published: December 2024

Today's world is characterised by the rapid spread of digital technology in the financial industry. Strongly connected with this development, financial products have become increasingly complex. Globalisation has increased the number of financial products offered worldwide, and almost every daily decision has a financial aspect. Thus, for the last three decades, a widening government-level agreement has emerged that individuals, particularly young people, need appropriate financial literacy to handle their finances successfully, prevent financial exclusion, and protect themselves against possible financial fraud. This deficiency is even more severe in the CEE countries, where savings, borrowing opportunities, and financial self-care options were limited; financial markets were practically non-existent.

This paper reviews the existing efforts in financial education, drawing lessons from traditional methods and established channels. It also highlights recent initiatives that aim to bolster financial literacy.
Vocabulary in automotive technology
Authors: Coxhead Averil
Published: December 2024

Learning the technical vocabulary of an academic field, profession or trade is an important, and demanding, element of higher education or training for a profession. Students encounter technical vocabulary in course readings and classrooms and are expected to use it in speaking and writing in their studies and later in their professional practice. For tutors and learners in the trades, this vocabulary is central to learners’ development as ‘tradies’ (in New Zealand English) and signals belonging to the field. For English for Specific Purposes (ESP) teachers, there are few resources which identify the technical vocabulary of a field such as automotive technology. This article introduces an Automotive Technology Word List and accompanying lists of technical abbreviations (e.g. WOF, 4WD) and proper nouns. The three main aims of this article are as follows: (1) to outline features of technical vocabulary that are important for automotive technology; (2) to examine high-, mid- and low-frequency vocabulary in automotive technology, and how each of these frequency bands can present particular issues for L2 learners in the trades; and (3) to provide an evaluation of the Automotive Technology Word List. The article ends with suggestions on ways to use the list for planning, testing and strategy training and for production of teaching and learning materials.
Pharmacological profiling and phytochemical analysis of fractionated extracts of Euphorbia royleana
Authors: NAHEED Neelum , BIBI Yamin , IMRAN Sehrish , AKHTAR Shamin , ALARFAJ Abdullah A. , ANSARI Mohammad J. , QAYYUM Abdul
Published: December 2024

Euphorbia royleana belongs to family Euphorbiaceae, with great therapeutic potential. The present study is aimed to validate its traditional uses. GC-MS analysis of Euphorbia royleana crude and fractionated extracts were performed. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by Brine shrimp lethality (BSL) assay. Plant extract antioxidant activity was performed through in vitro multidimensional assays. Plant elemental analysis was performed through atomic absorption spectroscopy. In addition, the extract antibacterial activity against two gram negative i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Xanthomonas campestris, and two gram-positive bacterial strains i.e. Escherichia. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae with agar well diffusion assay was performed. GC-MS analysis of n-hexane fraction revealed the presence of 16 phytocomponents. Phytochemical investigation led to identification and quantification of phenols, glycol cyanide, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids. Highest phenol and flavonoid content (1.886±0.02 µg/mg, 0.855±0.01 µg/mg, 0.551±0.01 µg/mg and 0.090±0.01 µg/mg respectively) was quantified in plant extract and in n-hexane fraction. Crude and fractionated extracts (n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity 81%, 71%, 52.5%, 57.5% and 51.5% respectively against brine shrimp nauplii with LD50 values of 168.46 and 220.30%. Plant extracts also showed scavenging activity ranging from 23-61% at 25-400 µg/mL. E. royleana consist of various compounds and minerals, namely K +, Na+, Fe+2, Co+3, Mn+2, Cu+3, Cr+3, and Cd+2. The antimicrobial activity revealed that the plant crude extract and n-hexane fraction comparatively exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Xanthomonas campestris. This study evaluated the plant's potential as a source of antimicrobials and antioxidants for future application in treating infectious disorders.
Characterization of different orchid species and rheological properties of orchids solutions
Authors: DEVELIOGLU-ARSLAN Aysen , SAGDIC Osman , TEKIN-CAKMAK Zeynep H. , KARASU Salih , KAYACAN-CAKMAKOGLU Selma , YAMAN Mustafa
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the physicochemical, bioactive, and rheological properties of salep obtained from ten different wild orchids collected from different regions of Turkey (Anacamptis pyramidalis, Orchis isaura, Anacamptis palustris subsp. palustris, Orchis morio, Serapias vomeracea subsp. artemisiae, Orchis italica, Ophrys mammosa, Orchis sancta, Dactylorhiza euxina, Ranunculus ficaria subsp. calthifolius, and commercial salep). Firstly, the salep samples were ground and their color, pH, bioactive components, and FTIR spectrum were determined. The color and pH properties of salep differed due to the different species (p≤0.05). Two strong peaks were observed at 1618 and 1422 cm-1 due to asymmetric and symmetric stretching of the ester groups in salep glucomannan. According to salep species, there was a significant difference in the TPC (total phenolic content), % DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity, and CUPRAC values (p≤0.05), which were 5.29-26.84 mg GAE/g, 5.02-12.2%, and 0.81-3.82 mg TE/g, respectively. The FTIR findings revealed that the spectrum peaks did not change between commercial salep and other salep species. In the second part of the study, we prepared 1%, 2%, and 3% aqueous solutions of salep and examined their flow behavior, dynamic rheological properties, and 3-ITT (3-Time Interval Thixotropic Test) rheological behavior. A significant difference was observed between the values (p≤0.05). All salep solutions had a flow behavior index (n) value below 1, indicating that all samples exhibited shear-thinning behavior. The consistency coefficient (K) value significantly changed (p≤0.05) and was determined to be 0.003-2.91 Pa.sn, 0.003-28.81 Pa.sn, and 0.017-94.134 Pa.sn at salep concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%, respectively. Salep is a preferred stabilizer due to its functional properties, bioactive components, and polysaccharide structure. As a result, when the rheological properties of salep samples are evaluated, it is shown that especially Anacamptis pyramidalis, Orchis morio, Orchis sancta species can be used as stabilizers in the food industry.
Enhancing quality characteristics and controlling gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea in strawberries fruits using various edible abiotic coatings
Authors: SAUD JALAL Areej , ALI Ayat M. , ABOU-ZEID Mohamed A. , ALROBAISH Shouaa A. , ALMANZALAWI Enas A. , ALQAHTANI Tahani M. , ABD EL MONEIM Diaa , THABET Marian
Published: December 2024

The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of chitosan, potassium silicate, and calcium chloride as edible abiotic coatings in controlling the postharvest gray mold disease of strawberries caused by Botrytis cinerea, reducing the use of chemical fungicides and managing fruit decay. Two pure isolates of B. cinerea were extracted from strawberry fruits of cv. ‘Festival’, identified based on morphological features, and their rDNA sequences were sequenced using BLAST and phylogenetic analysis, showing 98.9-100% equivalence. The ITS sequences have been deposited in Gene Bank and assigned accession numbers MT708074 and MT704983. In vitro, all treatments inhibited linear growth of both isolates, with chitosan and potassium silicate were the most effective against the two isolates. In vivo test showed a significant decrease in gray mold incidence and severity. The study revealed that potassium silicate significantly reduced disease incidence in strawberry fruit cultivars ‘Fortuna’ and ‘Festival’ from Qalyubia governorate, while chitosan achieved the greatest reduction in disease severity in samples from Beheira governorate. Both treatments increased the total phenolic and peroxidase activity. The study found that application of potassium silicate and chitosan to strawberry fruit in ‘Fortuna’ and ‘Festival’, resulted in higher sugar and ascorbic acid content, increased fruit firmness, and decreased respiration rate, suggesting that these treatments could potentially reduce postharvest decay and enhance fresh strawberry fruit quality.
Divergence analysis of Cucurbita pepo L. population for seed oil production
Authors: TOMIĆ Dalibor , RADOVANOVIĆ Mirjana , MARJANOVIĆ Miloš , ĐUROVIĆ Vesna , STEVOVIĆ Vladeta , PAVLOVIĆ Nenad , LAZAREVIĆ Đorđe , ZORNIĆ Vladimir , MADIĆ Milomirka
Published: December 2024

The work aim was to analyze the divergence of the genotypes of common pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) and to select suitable parents for the breeding program to increase the production of cold-pressed oil. For the analysis of the yield components of the genotypes, the fruits of the common pumpkin were collected in autumn and winter 2021-2022 in central and Western Serbia. There were 19 genotypes (G1-G19) collected randomly in a larger geographical area. The following analyses were carried out: fruit weight, seed weight per fruit, seed number per fruit, thousand seeds weight, percentage of seeds in the total weight of the fruit, percentage of kernel in the total weight of the seed and seed oil content. The results revealed highly significant differences between the common pumpkin genotypes for analyzed traits at a significance of P≤0.05, indicating the presence of sufficient, considerable genetic variability between the different genotypes. The most significant seed yield components in the pumpkin fruit itself were in significant positive correlations with the oil content in the seeds. The genotypes were divided into 5 clusters. The highest seed weight per fruit and seed oil content were represented in G16, G9 and G12. The results indicate that crossing parents G13, G7, G14, G6, G8, G4, G3, G11 on one side and G16, G9, G12 on the other side is expected to result in high heterosis and a high probability of new combinations to obtain higher yielding cultivars of common pumpkin with higher oil content.
Effects of rice landraces as cultivation media on yield and physiochemical properties of common split gill mushroom (Schizophyllum commune Fr.) cultivation
Authors: CHOKTHAWEEPANICH Hathairat , AUVUCHANON Anyamanee , HINJAN Subin , PHANSAK Piyaporn
Published: December 2024

The common split gill mushroom is not only a source of food for humans but also plays a medicinal role. Mushroom cultivation typically uses sawdust as a medium, which often leads to contamination. This study investigated five Thai rice cultivars (Oryza sativa): cv. ‘Homdokmali’ (including regular Homdokmali and parboiled, known as Hang-Homdokmali), ‘Riceberry’ (including regular Riceberry and parboiled, known as Hang-Riceberry), ‘Mun-Pu’ ‘Jao-Daeng’ and ‘Jao-Luang’ – as culture media for aseptic mushroom cultivation to evaluate the yield and chemical properties of this mushrooms. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The analyses indicated that cv. ‘Jao-Daeng’ media significantly influenced the fresh weight, dry weight, yield percentage, and biological efficiency of the common split gill mushroom more than the other media. Moreover, this medium was also effective in producing antioxidant activities in both DPPH and FRAP assays compared to other media. Although mushrooms cultivated with cv. ‘Riceberry’ media exhibited the highest total glucan and β-glucan contents when evaluated and considered based on dry weight, ‘Jao-Daeng’ media also demonstrated the highest total glucan. Correlation analysis revealed that yield positively correlated with biological efficiency, while β-glucan content negatively correlated with FRAP reducing potential. The findings of this research show the potential benefits of ‘Jao-Daeng’ rice landraces for mushroom cultivation, making it an appropriate option to enhance the quality and production of bioactive compounds in cultivated mushrooms.