bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Reprogramming in Glioblastoma: A Rare Case of Recurrence to Scalp Metastasis
Authors: Behrooz Amir Barzegar , Latifi-Navid Hamid , Zolfaghari Narges , Piroozmand Somayeh , Nazar Elham , Bourbour Mahsa , Jusheghani Fatemeh , Aghaei Mahmoud , Azarpira Negar , Mollasalehi Fatemeh , Alamdar Sedigheh , Nasimian Ahmad , Lotfi Jabar , Shojaei Shahla , Pour-Rashidi Ahmad , Ghavami Saeid
Published: October 2024

Background
Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis, often limiting survival to 1.5-2 years. Despite standard treatment, most patients experience local recurrence within the first year, with metastasis, particularly extracranial, being exceptionally rare. The mechanisms driving GB metastasis remain poorly understood, but metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a potential factor in enhancing survival and invasiveness. This study reports a rare case of recurrent GB with scalp metastasis and explores the metabolic mechanisms behind this aggressive behavior using systems biology.
Methods
Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was employed to analyze amino acid profiles in both the recurrent and metastatic stages of GB. Systems biology approaches were used to uncover genetic alterations and metabolic reprogramming associated with the progression from recurrence to metastasis.
Results
Our analysis revealed distinct amino acid utilization patterns in a patient with a molecular phenotype of wild-type IDH-1&2, TERT mutation, non-mutated BRAF and EGFR, and non-methylated MGMT. Significant differences in amino acid profiles were observed between blood and CSF samples during recurrence and metastasis. Additionally, protein-protein interaction analysis identified key genomic drivers potentially responsible for the transition from recurrent to metastatic GB.
Conclusions
Beyond established risk factors such as craniotomy, biopsies, ventricular shunting, and radiation therapy, our findings suggest that metabolic reprogramming plays a crucial role in the transition from recurrent to metastatic GB. Targeting these metabolic shifts could provide new avenues for managing and preventing extracranial metastasis in GB, making this an important focus for future research.
Multiomics analyses reveal adipose-derived stem cells inhibit the inflammatory response of M1-like macrophages through secreting lactate
Authors: Horie Tetsuhiro , Hirata Hiroaki , Sakamoto Takuya , Kitajima Hironori , Fuku Atsushi , Nakamura Yuka , Sunatani Yumi , Tanida Ikuhiro , Sunami Hiroshi , Tachi Yoshiyuki , Ishigaki Yasuhito , Yamamoto Naoki , Shimizu Yusuke , Ichiseki Toru , Kaneuji Ayumi , Iwabuchi Kuniyoshi , Osawa Satoshi , Kawahara Norio
Published: October 2024

Background
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are widely used in the field of regenerative medicine because of their various functions, including anti-inflammatory effects. ADSCs are considered to exert their anti-inflammatory effects by secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines and extracellular vesicles. Although recent studies have reported that metabolites have a variety of physiological activities, whether those secreted by ADSCs have anti-inflammatory properties remains unclear. Here, we performed multiomics analyses to examine the effect of ADSC-derived metabolites on M1-like macrophages, which play an important role in inflammatory responses.
Methods
The concentration of metabolites in the culture supernatant of ADSCs was quantified using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. To evaluate their effects on inflammatory responses, M1-like macrophages were exposed to the conditioned ADSC medium or their metabolites, and RNA sequencing was used to detect gene expression changes. Immunoblotting was performed to examine how the metabolite suppresses inflammatory processes. To clarify the contribution of the metabolite in the conditioned medium to its anti-inflammatory effects, metabolite uptake was pharmacologically inhibited, and gene expression and the tumor necrosis factor-α concentration were measured by quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively.
Results
Metabolomic analysis showed large amounts of lactate in the culture supernatant. The conditioned medium and lactate significantly suppressed or increased the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory gene expressions. However, sequencing and immunoblotting analysis revealed that lactate did not induce polarization from M1- to M2-like macrophages. Based on a recent report that the immunosuppressive effect of lactate depends on epigenetic reprogramming, histone acetylation was investigated, and H3K27ac expression was upregulated. In addition, 7ACC2, which specifically inhibits the monocarboxylate transporter 1, significantly inhibited the anti-inflammatory effect of the conditioned ADSC medium on M1-like macrophages.
Conclusions
Our results showed that ADSCs suppress pro-inflammatory effects of M1-like macrophages by secreting lactate. This study adds to our understanding of the importance of metabolites and is also expected to elucidate new mechanisms of ADSC treatments.
Effects of Changes in the Economic Lifespan of Residential Buildings on CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Japan
Authors: Matsushima Sora
Published: October 2024

Residential buildings in Japan have shorter lifespans than those of buildings in other countries. Although it is customary for residential buildings to lose value in the real-estate market when they cross their statutory lifetimes, this rapid reconstruction cycle poses an environmental burden. However, an increase in the proportion of new housing units built according to strict energy-saving standards could have a positive environmental impact. Research on the economic lifetime of buildings remains insufficient, and the trade-offs between the impact of demand in the national housing stock on CO2 emissions and the impact of reconstruction on CO2 emissions throughout an economic lifetime remain under-researched. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of the economic lifetime of detached wooden residential buildings in Japan on CO2 emissions during the manufacturing and use phases. Specifically, it estimates the economic lifetime of detached wooden residential buildings based on real estate transaction data, and assesses the effects of changes in CO2 emissions during the manufacturing and use phases by altering the average lifetime. The results show that a shorter economic lifetime of residential buildings significantly contributes to an increase in CO2 emissions, whereas extending the lifespan gradually contributes to a decrease, thereby making a strong case for reassessing the statutory useful life of residential buildings in Japan. This study provided evidence that maintaining the economic lifetime of buildings and transitioning to ambitious extensions are crucial aspects of environmental policies.
The Problem of Sports and The International Olympic Movement Politicization in the Light of the Anti-Russian Sanctions of 2022
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Government, Poroshin Dmitry A.
Published: October 2024

The article examines the current aspects of the modern sports politicization on the example of the 2015–2022 event series, during which unprecedented restrictions (sanctions) were imposed against the Russian Federation in terms of their scale and intensity, preventing Russian athletes from participating in international sports competitions. A new stage of the restrictions imposed against Russian athletes has turned out to be associated with the beginning of a special military operation on the territory of the Ukraine. The increasing political pressure on Russian athletes and Russian sports organizations raises the question of politics penetration into modern sports and the use of restrictions in the field of admission to sports competitions as an instrument of geopolitical struggle. In this regard, it is advisable to consider ways to neutralize these negative processes and return the full participation of Russian athletes and Russian sports organizations in the international Olympic movement. The object of the study is the totality of international sports relations arising in the sphere of the introduction of restrictive measures (sanctions) as a means of political influence on individual states and sports organizations. The subject of the study is international sports sanctions against Russia aimed at limiting the participation of Russian athletes in the international sports movement. The methodology of the research is based on the use of the resources of event analysis, content analysis, general scientific methodology (analysis, synthesis, inductive-deductive method), the principle of objectivity. The author concludes that the only full-fledged tool for achieving the goal of lifting sanctions by international sports organizations remains the possibility of judicial and legal counteraction to these sanctions. In the light of the events of 2022, the need to develop a system of priorities for the implementation of the policy of the Russian state in the field of lifting sanctions against Russian athletes is being actualized. In this regard, there is a need to adopt guiding documents defining the strategy of the country’s sports diplomacy. This challenge should become an organizing impulse that will consolidate the efforts of state bodies to achieve national interests in this area.
Application of Compound Oil-Containing Collectors in the Process of Foam Separation of Diamonds
Authors:   Institut “Yakutniproalmaz”, Diamond Minig Company “ALROSA”, Kovalenko Evgeny G.
Published: October 2024

The object of this study is the process of diamond-containing kimberlites’ enrichment by foam separation. The subject of research is compound collectors for diamond flotation. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the possibility and choice of conditions for the use of Machchobin oil as a component of the base collector in the foam separation of diamonds. The objectives of the research are to establish the physico-chemical characteristics of Machchobin oil, fuel oil and their mixtures; assess their collecting ability; select the optimal composition of the collector; determine the effectiveness of a compound collector use in the technological process. The methods of rectification analysis of fractional composition, visiometric analysis of structure and phase composition, vibrational viscometry have been used to establish the physical and chemical characteristics of Machchobin oil, fuel oils and their mixtures. To estimate the collecting ability of the compound collector the methods of flotation and foam separation of diamonds and minerals of kimberlite on the laboratory installations of foamless flotation and foam separation have been applied. To determine the efficiency of the compound collector an automated foam separation unit has been used. Conducted physico-chemical studies have shown that when mixing fuel oil F-5 and degassed Machchobin oil, the dissolution of asphaltenes of fuel oil in low–molecular fractions of oil, and paraffins of oil – in medium-molecular fractions of fuel oil is observed. The formation of finely dispersed and colloidal solutions of high-molecular components of oil increases the adhesive activity and leads to an increase in the collecting capacity of the compound collector. The flotation studies have shown that the greatest extraction of diamonds into concentrate is achieved when using a mixture of fuel oil F-5 and Machchobin oil as a base collector at a ratio from 3:1 to 1:1. The tests carried out during the enrichment of the ore of the Aihal tube by foam separation have established an increase in diamond extraction using a compound collector by 1.1–2.1 %. By replacing the fuel oil fraction with oil, a reduction in reagent costs has also been achieved.
Development of an expert system for technological support of required roughness when machining hardened steel parts on numerically controlled machines
Authors: Kuznetsova E. M. , Ovsyannikov V. E. , Nekrasov R. Yu. , Putilova U. S.
Published: October 2024

This work addresses the problem of improving the surface quality of parts of rotation bodies, which are made of hardened steels, in the course of their machining on lathes with numerical program control. The research object was the surface roughness of parts. The methodology involved system analysis and synthesis, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, experiment, and processing of experimental results. A decomposition scheme for the expert system structure was developed, which can be used as the basis for formulating requirements to a future expert system for monitoring and prediction of roughness parameters. It was established that the models currently applied to describe the relationship between surface quality and the technological regimes used to ensure the technological level of roughness give a high error of over 20%. The possibility of using models that apply artificial intelligence and contain neural network blocks and decision-making devices based on fuzzy logic is substantiated. It is shown that such a combination makes it possible to customize the system for processing parts of a certain production range, as well as a more correct assessment of the onset of catastrophic wear of cutting tools. The neuro-fuzzy model was confirmed to have an error of less than 10%, which is significantly lower than when using spectral or correlation models. According to the testing results, the proposed expert system for monitoring and prediction of roughness parameters enables a 2.5-fold reduction in the scatter of roughness parameters under an increase in tool wear, compared to without its application. Thus, the proposed system makes it possible to assess the level of cutting tool wear more correctly and determine the onset of its limit state.
Drill bit hydraulic system for oil and gas boreholes
Authors: Melnikov A. P. , Buglov N. A.
Published: October 2024

We set out to improve the existing design of a polycrystalline diamond bit with a steel or matrix body with the purpose of creating a hydro-monitoring effect. The research object was the hydraulic system of a diamond bit with a near-bit jet pump. The near-bit ejector system was studied by a theoretical analysis of the operation of the bit hydraulic system by means of canonical dependencies and hypotheses. A hydraulic system for a polycrystalline diamond bit is proposed. This system includes a high-pressure jet pump, which enhances the hydro-monitoring effect at the bottomhole. The main hydraulic characteristics of the bit flushing system with a jet pump are as follows: at a drilling pump feed of 18.4 l/s and a drilling fluid density of 1180 kg/m3, the working coefficient of jet pump injection equals 0.34; the working nozzle diameter equals 10.3 mm; the mixing chamber is 11.9 mm, bit hydromonitor nozzles are 11.1 mm; the number of hydromonitor nozzles is 3; the velocity at the exit of hydromonitor nozzles is 85.0 m/s; the pressure drop at the bit is 15.7 MPa. The possibility of using the hydro-monitoring effect enhanced by a near-bit jet pump was substantiated, since the velocity at the exit from the hydro-monitoring nozzles is sufficient to destroy most rocks (sandstone, limestone, dolomites, rock salt, gypsum stone, basalt, marble, granite). The jet pump in the proposed design of a polycrystalline diamond bit creates an additional circulation circuit above the bottomhole, injects cuttings from the annular space and feeds them to the hydro-monitor nozzles. This enables a more efficient destruction of the bottomhole rock. The power of hydro-monitor jets is sufficient to improve drilling performance.
Methodology for selecting optimal wire grade and cross-section based on an integrated technical and economic criterion
Authors: Savina N. V. , Varygina A. О.
Published: October 2024

The aim was to develop a methodology for selecting an optimal wire grade and cross-section for overhead power lines with a voltage of above 1 kV under intensive development of power grid systems. This aim was solved using the authors’ previously developed methods: selection of an optimal wire grade based on hierarchy analysis and selection of an optimal wire cross-section by optimizing the specific discounted costs during the entire period of construction and operation of overhead power lines. In the present study, these methods are integrated into a single methodology. It is proposed to implement wire inspections prior to the stage of technical and economic calculations, since the necessary data has already been taken into account during the selection of a wire grade and its cross-section. The proposed methodology was tested on a typical example of reconstruction of the Zapadnaya– Davydovka 110 kV overhead line, which creates limitations in the power supply of Primorsky Krai due to insufficient wire capacity and its operation beyond the normative period. SENILEK AT3/C 150/24 wire was selected as a solution for the example under consideration. The application of this wire grade allows not only the overhead line capacity to be increased by 151% without replacing the existing supports, but also active and reactive power losses in the electric network to be reduced by 18.9 and 2.5%, respectively. The proposed methodology enables selection of an optimal grade and cross-section of any wire design, taking the dynamically changing operational conditions of power grid systems into account. The solutions found by the proposed methodology may contribute to a more efficient operation of power lines due to increasing their transmission capacity, reducing the number of used supports, replacing the line wire without replacing supports, decreasing ice formation on wires, and reducing power losses.
Hydrothermal precipitation of copper from leaching solutions of metallurgical dusts
Authors: Kovyazin A. A. , Timofeev K. L. , Maltsev G. I. , Krayukhin S. A.
Published: October 2024

In this work, we aim to establish the main regularities of hydrothermal precipitation of copper from the previously unstudied sulfuric-nitric acid and sulfate solutions of atmospheric and autoclave processing of metallurgical dusts. Pyrite was used as a sulfidizer. The elemental composition of the products was determined by X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and atomic absorption analysis. It was found that copper precipitation by the proposed technology enables its recovery at a level of more than 95%. For sulfate solutions with a high arsenic concentration, a two-stage scheme of oxidation-hydrothermal treatment with the following parameters was proposed: temperature 180°С, duration 2 h, oxygen consumption 0.026 dm3/g pyrite (for the 1st stage), and 200°С and 2 h (for the 2nd stage). Extraction in the cake amounted to 95.4% of copper (in the form of Cu2S) and 91.4% of arsenic (in the form of FeAsO4), which allowed further separation of these metals by flotation. An autoclave treatment of a Cu–Zn–Fe–As–NO3 solution in the presence of pyrite at 180–220°С produced the activation energy values (kJ/mol) corresponding to the kinetic regime calculated by the two methods: 64.6 by the conventional method and 60.5 by the shrinking core model. The kinetic parameters of CuSO4–H2SO4–FeS2–H2O and CuNO3–H2SO4–FeS2–H2O systems were also determined. Flotation enrichment of copper autoclave precipitation cake was shown to result in a high degree of Cu and As separation, with the recovery amounting to Cu ˃ 95% and As ˂ 5%. Precious metals contained in pyrite are transferred to a flotation concentrate by 92.7% (Au) and 96.5% (Ag). The composition of the resulting flotation concentrate comprised (%): 12 Cu; 37 Fe; 38 S; 13 other elements. It is shown that, in order to obtain a product with the required content of copper, flotation concentrate should be separated into pyrite and copper concentrates followed by an additional flotation of primary copper concentrate in an alkaline medium in the presence of lime. Hence, our study has established the main regularities of hydrothermal precipitation of copper from the sulfuric-nitric acid and sulfate solutions of atmospheric and autoclave processing of metallurgical dusts.
Potential of elites in consolidation of public opinion in eastern and western approaches
Authors: Kirillina N. V. , Rodionov M. A. , Volkova T. A.
Published: October 2024

The authors proceed from the classical understanding of the elite as a social group endowed with power and capable of influencing public opinion. The paper represents the examination of the role of elites – political, economic and social – in the formation of public ideas, values and political attitudes. The problem is conditioned, on the one hand, by the intensification of geopolitical confrontation and the formation of polar ideological concepts on both sides of the ocean, on the other hand – by the dynamic change in characteristics of media environment, which lead to increased centrifugal processes and polarization of public opinion on current events, values and ideology. The authors take into account the widely accepted hypothesis of relative homogeneity of elites (Huntington, Sklair) in the sense that cultural differences and stereotypes influence decision-making in this environment the least. This assumption became the starting point in choosing the topic, predetermined the search for possible points of contact in building a public dialogue, and, in general, served as the basis for a conceptual assessment of the ability of elites to resolve insurmountable contradictions between different segments of the political media space. The authors identified similarities and differences in the understanding of the social and political role of elites in the East and West and proposed possible routes for the development of dialogue. The study is based on the works of the classics of the theory of elites, as well as on modern research in the field of social communication and media.
Event communication of university museums and scientific organizations (based on the experience of the “Night of Museums – 2024” in St. Petersburg)
Authors: Arkannikova M. S.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the consideration of event communication using the example of participation in the all-Russian event “Night of Museums” by museums of universities and scientific organizations of St. Petersburg in 2024. A sociological survey of St. Petersburg residents showed sufficient awareness of the “Night of Museums” event: every second person knows both about the event and about its holding in 2024 in the Northern capital. However, those wishing to take part in it in 2024 did not exceed 20%, especially to visit museums of universities and scientific institutions (2%). Analyzing the category ‘event communication’ at the intersection of methodological approaches of political science and discourse science, the author considers it promising to study the mutual influence of three discursive constructs: museum discourse – discourse of state memory policy – discourse of national identity, considered in relation to modern political realities of Russia in the context of the implementation of the national security strategy.
Potential of media resources in popularizing volunteer activities
Authors: Alekseenok A. A. , Putilina Yu. Yu. , Muzalevsky V. I.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the potential of mass media in popularization of volunteering among students. Development of media technologies inevitably influences the process of socialization. Digital media resources have a strong influence on the formation of behavior patterns, norms and rules, and therefore their capabilities can be used to develop a prosocial orientation in the behavior of young people. Promotion of volunteer activities involves an appropriate choice of channels and methods of presenting information in the mass media, taking into account the characteristics of the audience. Effective constructs in this process can be strategies that involve the possibility of influencing decision-making at the subconscious level, including on the basis of priming, framing, imprinting by focusing the audience's attention on strategically important moments and situations. The combination of social, cognitive and information technologies makes it possible to include manipulative techniques in the communicative and information space that contribute to the formation of an attractive image of volunteering and motivation of corresponding behavioral attitudes.
The Illustrated Student: Creating a Taxonomy of Imagery Derived from a First-Year Visualisation Exercise
Authors: Johns Francis , Morgan Adam
Published: October 2024

In 2019 the University of Technology Sydney developed a research project to assess the variety of students’ state of mind in their first year. The context was implementing transition pedagogy and determining if it was possible to visually map the range of student responses to transition from high school to university. The aim was to be in a better position to anticipate transition challenges for our students. The methodology involved asking first year students across all faculties to express their experience of their first year at university in a drawing, accompanied by a Likert scale self-assessment with an optional text reflection. The data gathered comprised over 550 drawings. Further, we documented and compared a range of examples of this type of research in other institutions. We noticed images common to all the different research projects appeared. The question we asked ourselves was whether it is possible to develop a taxonomy of images which could be relied upon in subsequent iterations of the exercise. We wanted to know whether we could create categories of symbols or images which could be objectively understood. The key outcomes were despite common use of images in these projects there are challenges in creating such a taxonomy. Interpretation is subjective and a classification system might be observer constructed, and not reflect the subject’s true intention. While our own data included the Likert scale and the opportunity to add text to the response, the triangulation is only apparently helpful in determining meaning because the difficulties remained. The added information does not overcome the inherent subjectivity of interpretation. The importance of this paper is it is an admission the exercise does not establish an ability to develop a definitive taxonomy. Instead, it cautions against an attempt at a taxonomy because it risks being ultimately unfaithful to the data.
Unveiling Diversity: Decolonizing and Disrupting First-Year Drawing Education
Authors: Hugo Cheri , Wicomb Samuel , Cronje Johannes
Published: October 2024

The literature on decolonizing the curriculum highlights a significant distinction between diversity and decolonization. Diversity involves promoting the inclusion of various individuals in reading lists as well as the staff and student body. At the same time, decolonization goes further by dismantling colonial forms of knowledge, particularly practices that categorize and racialize people. This article presents an ongoing arts-based action research project conducted by the graphic design department of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) in South Africa (Cromhout, Duffett, & Steenkamp, 2021). The research program aims to revamp the department's historically Eurocentric curriculum using decolonisation and feminist theories. The primary goal is to integrate African design concepts into a predominantly Western pedagogical framework to acknowledge the valuable knowledge our diverse student body possesses. The main issue revealed through the collected data is the curriculum's overwhelming emphasis on a Western perspective, which fails to adequately consider our students' real-life experiences in the field of design in South Africa. Our study utilizes an asset-based approach to drawing (a topic covered in the Visual Communication Design curriculum) as a response, providing a platform for meaningful integration of indigenous knowledge. This study seeks to illuminate the subjective experiences of first-year students in the field, specifically focusing on how their indigenous knowledge is incorporated. Based on its findings, the study proposes embracing diversity and restructuring the education provided to students. It is driven by a commitment to valuing students' real-life experiences as it strives to guide them from the familiar to the unfamiliar in graphic design.
Indian Farmers and Blockchain: Changing Paradigms of Equity Throughout our Sustainability Dialogues
Authors: Vartak Sushrut , Somwanshi Gaurav
Published: October 2024

When discussing sustainability and fair equity in agriculture, the focus often overlooks the plight of Indian farmers, particularly those with small landholdings. Annually, thousands of farmer suicides occur in India, highlighting a crisis often shadowed by concerns over organic certification. Moreover, the credibility of the information presented and the education on the necessity of transparency are critical. Blockchain technology addresses these issues by enhancing the transparency of the food value chain. Over 5.2 million QR codes have been printed on food items and cotton clothing, accessible to anyone globally, regardless of age, literacy, or technical prowess. Scanning these QR codes allows consumers to view complete details of the agricultural products, fostering trust through transparency. This initiative aims to encourage consumer support for such transparent practices and introduces farmers to digital tools, enhancing their engagement with technology. Our project with Sahyadri Farms in Nashik, which includes a live cotton-to-t-shirts initiative, underscores the importance of design in conveying accurate information creatively. This approach involved extensive customer surveys, field visits, consultations with design experts, and the development of frameworks. The insights and outcomes from this comprehensive project form the core of our paper.
Favorite Lecturer Characters of Elementary Education Teacher Prospective Students
Authors: Zulaikhah Zulaikhah , Hidayati Ani , Chikmah Lailatul , Wahyuningsih Sri , Jarong Koree , Malik Muh Syauqi
Published: October 2024

This research aims to discover the character aspects of lecturers most preferred by Elementary education students and the impacts and implications on the character of prospective teacher students. The method used in this research is qualitative field research with phenomena studies. Primary data were obtained from students through a questionnaire using a form instrument and unstructured interviews with an open pattern. The results showed that of the 13 aspects of lecturer character that were the most favored aspects of prospective Elementary School teacher students mapped from lecturer personality and educational competencies, namely lecturers who were able to place themselves, had high self-confidence, were tolerant, and understood students' character. The impact on students is increased motivation and self-confidence, more positive relationships, increased academic achievement, and development of student soft skills. The implications of the character of a favorite lecturer for the character of prospective teacher students are the formation of an Inclusive Learning environment, increased student psychological well-being, and strengthening of a positive academic culture.
Utilization of Computer-Based Testing Technology to Optimize Cognitive-Based Assessment Literacy in the Learning of Islamic Elementary School Students
Authors: Cahyaningsih Esty , Shaleh Shaleh , Fitriyanti Ade
Published: October 2024

The focus of 21st-century learning is on developing students' critical thinking, real-world application of knowledge, mastery of information technology, communication, and collaboration skills. Therefore, it is important to integrate information technology into the learning process and assessment of learning outcomes. This research aims to explore how Computer-Based Testing (CBT) can enhance the quality of cognitive assessment procedures based on literacy and improve learning evaluations for students at Islamic Elementary School. This study adopted a qualitative case study design and was conducted at Islamic Elementary School Al Wathoniyah 10 East Jakarta in the second semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The researcher used interviews, observations, and documentation as data collection methods. The findings of this research show that literacy-based cognitive assessment using CBT can optimize the quality of learning evaluation. Teachers and students are accustomed to using information and communication technology devices in learning activities. There are five stages of the procedure in literacy-based cognitive assessment using CBT to optimize the quality of learning evaluation, including the planning stage, item question development stage, validation stage, implementation stage, and evaluation stage. The investigative conducting procedure truly optimizes the quality of learning evaluation. Islamic Elementary School Al Wathoniyah 10 utilizes CBT, which has literacy-based characteristics. CBT used in learning evaluation is equipped with meaningful stimuli and various forms of questions. The questions in CBT are made as similar as possible to the national assessment questions. The educational report results in the 2023 national assessment, especially in the cognitive domain, have shown improvement. The literacy and numeracy skills of students at Islamic Elementary School Al Wathoniyah 10 have achieved good and moderate results. Both have obtained top rankings nationally.
Microbiological evaluation of beef sold in Brazil and consumer knowledge about food safety
Authors: Pereira das Neves Caroline , Lameiro Rodrigues Kelly , Fagundes de Mello Jozi , Kuka Valente Gandra Tatiane , Avila Gandra Eliezer
Published: October 2024

Meat is highly perishable and is often associated with foodborne disease outbreaks. The risk associated with handling food at home is underestimated, as consumers generally associate foodborne disease outbreaks with food from food services. This study aimed to quantify Escherichia coli, coagulase-positive staphylococci, mesophilic aerobic bacteria, and Salmonella spp. in ground beef samples sold at commercial establishments in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, and to evaluate the knowledge of food safety among consumers in the region. Microbiological analyses were performed on 70 ground beef samples, and the knowledge of 92 meat consumers was analyzed using an online questionnaire based on the World Health Organization (WHO) safe food guidelines. Fifty percent of the meat samples had aerobic mesophilic microorganism counts above the limit established by Brazilian legislation, indicating unacceptable food quality. Only two samples (2.86%) had counts of coagulase-positive staphylococci above those allowed by legislation. The consumer knowledge regarding food safety showed that items related to “cook thoroughly” and “keeping food at safe temperatures” had the lowest percentage of correct answers. Dissemination of information about temperatures that ensure food safety is essential for consumers, especially considering that even with high levels of contamination, most microorganisms are destroyed by heat.
Multivariate approach in the evaluation of performance and carcass traits of Suffolk crossbred lambs
Authors: Antonio Soukef Gobbi Vitor , Ferraz Nathalia , Ferreira Figueiredo Bittar Joely , Resende Bittar Eustáquio , Costa Venturini Guilherme
Published: October 2024

Evaluate associations between economically important traits is crucial as it considers the intensity of the relationship between variables and aids in excluding redundant traits, thereby facilitating the early selection of animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between performance and carcass traits of crossbred lambs and to identify a trait that demonstrates higher discriminatory power, to assisting in the selection of animals. Was used 61 male lambs were used to assess trait associations via Pearson correlation, Euclidean distance, and principal components (PC). With cluster analysis, we observed the formation of two distinct groups (Euclidean distance), indicating significant dissimilarity between the groups. This dissimilarity was attributed to the group of variables RP, TD, TW, and RW, while the other group was characterized by LP, SW, HCW, and ECC. It was observed that performance with carcass traits presented linear correlations between 0.28 to 0.63. Through multivariate analysis, it was possible to 4 PCs selected that together explained 78.35% of the total variance of the data, with eigenvalues greater than 0.70. Through the first principal component, which retains the highest percentage of total variance (38.94%), redundant or non-discriminant descriptors were discarded. Within this component, four traits (SW, ECC, RW, and HCW) were considered the most important in describing the variability of the dataset studied. However, slaughter weight would be the selectable variable to represent the other carcass traits, due to greater discriminatory power. This trait can be considered easier to measure and more economical for breeders.
Evaluation of body temperature by infrared thermography in calves under different thermal states
Authors: Harumi Seino Caroline , Santos Rossi Rodolfo , Aparecida Bombardelli Juliana , Alves Reis Gabriela , de Lara Shecaira Carolina , Batista dos Santos Rogério , Ricardo Azedo Milton , José Benesi Fernando
Published: October 2024

The first 30 days of calves' life is a critical period for dairy farming due to the incidence of diseases that can result in high rates of mortality and morbidity. Fever is an early clinical sign of illness; however, the use of a rectal thermometer to measure body temperature in large herds is impractical. Research using a thermographic camera has demonstrated the availability of obtaining the superficial temperature without contact the evaluated local. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of infrared thermography to measure body temperature in calves ≤ 30 days old, identifying the body regions that present a high correlation between superficial infrared temperature (IRT) and rectal temperature. Nineteen Holstein calves were enrolled in this study. An infrared thermography camera was used to obtain thermographic images of the following body regions: hooves, eyes, forehead, muzzle, and mouth. Thermographic images were obtained at 3, 5, 10±2, 15±2 , 20±2, 25±2, and 30±2 days after birth. Maximum (Tmax), minimum (Tmin), and mean (Tmean) temperatures were obtained for each body region. Calves were categorized as hyperthermic or euthermic animals based on rectal temperature. Correlations between IRT and rectal temperature varied according to each body region and rectal temperature category. The maximum temperatures of left and right eyes measured by infrared thermography showed a higher correlation with rectal temperature, regardless of rectal temperature category (hyperthermia or euthermia). In general, Tmax and Tmean had a higher correlation with rectal temperatures than Tmin.
Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Ogoe Matthew
Published: October 2024

The green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) represents a revolutionary shift in nanotechnology, aligning with sustainability and environmental conservation principles. Traditional methods for synthesizing AuNPs often involve toxic chemicals and harsh conditions, raising concerns about their environmental and health impacts. Green synthesis leverages natural resources such as plant extracts, microorganisms, and benign chemical agents to produce AuNPs in an eco-friendly manner. This chapter covers the basic ideas and historical development of green chemistry concerning the synthesis of nanoparticles. Critical analysis is given to several biological, chemical, and physical approaches to green synthesis, emphasizing the mechanisms of stabilization and reduction made possible by phytochemicals and biomolecules. This chapter further discusses important analytical methods for determining the physicochemical characteristics of green synthesized AuNPs and assuring their appropriateness for various applications. The benefits of green synthesis are highlighted, including improved biocompatibility, cost-effectiveness, and environmental benefits. The chapter also covers the extensive applications of AuNPs in biomedicine, environmental remediation, and industrial catalysis, demonstrating their versatile utility. Notwithstanding the promising perspectives, issues with scalability, repeatability, and regulatory barriers still exist. Future directions on how cutting-edge technology like machine learning and artificial intelligence can be used to optimize green synthesis processes are discussed. The potential of green synthesis to transform the production of nanoparticles and support technological innovation and sustainable development is highlighted in this chapter, to facilitate the adoption and application of green synthesis in nanotechnology by tackling existing constraints and investigating potential avenues for advancement.
Biomedical applications of green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Rai Sarita
Published: October 2024

Nanotechnology has emerged as a pivotal domain in the realm of science and technology, finding diverse applications across electronics, imaging, industry, and healthcare. In the healthcare sector, nanotechnology has proven instrumental in disease diagnostics, treatment, drug delivery, and the formulation of innovative pharmaceuticals. Among the myriad nanoparticles (NPs), Cerium Oxide (CeO2) NPs stand out due to their distinctive surface chemistry, robust stability, and biocompatibility. Recent advancements have witnessed the synthesis of CeO2 NPs through various bio-directed methods, leveraging natural and organic matrices as stabilizing agents. This approach aims to create biocompatible CeO2 NPs, thereby addressing safety concerns and establishing conducive conditions for their efficacious utilization in biomedicine. In the pursuit of green synthesis, CeO2 NPs have been successfully generated using plant extracts, microbial organisms, and other biological derivatives. Plants have proven to be a highly efficient source owing to their abundance, inherent safety, and rich reservoir of reducing and stabilizing agents. Different parts of plants, including leaves, flowers, and stems, have been harnessed for synthesizing CeO2 NPs, with a predominant focus on leaves in existing green synthesis studies. Characterization of the synthesized NPs has been accomplished through various techniques such as UV spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Thermal methods (TG/DTA), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) techniques. The applications of CeO2 NPs across diverse biological fields have been explored and discussed in this context.
Conventional and green synthesis techniques of carbon nanotubes and its environmental/biomedical applications
Authors: Madankar Rohit S.
Published: October 2024

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are popularly known for their incredible applications because of their outstanding physicochemical properties like high surface area, scaffold morphology, functional versatility, high electrical and thermal conductivity. The production of CNTs on a large scale is very costly and non-environmentally. Nonetheless, few methods of scalable fabrication are existed, besides an eco-friendly and cost-effective fabrication of CNTs. An eco-friendly fabrication includes microbes-mediated, plant extracts-mediated and agricultural bio-wastes-mediated. Moreover, research community ought to adopt some natural and renewable sources for CNTs production in large scale. Indeed, these approaches provides a cost-effectiveness, ecofriendly, straightforward, environmental benefits and so forth. Moreover, the properties of CNTs can be improved by doping with some precious transition metals for their advanced applications like environmental and biomedical. Therefore, with this perspective the present chapter is focuses on the conventional and eco-friendly synthesis, types of CNTs, environmental and biomedical applications.
ASEAN Centered Regional Architecture in Managing Sustainable Investment Under the RCEP
Authors: Koesrianti Koesrianti
Published: October 2024

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) that consist of 15 Asian member countries established in 2021 which to achieve a trade liberalization in the region. The Asian countries have been recognized as the motor of global regionalism and have heightened the Asian region become the center of global economy. This article aims to examine the provisions of RCEP on trade in investment whether it supports sustainability of investment in the region. The region will become a seamlessly market as the region is a market with free flow of goods, services, and investment. While the result of the Pact has not identified yet, this agreement constitutes as a significant effort of ASEAN as one entity, taking the lead of the implementation RCEP, in this current legal regime to gain leverage over its dialogue trade partners. In light of this, the current article’s objective is to observe and evaluate the overall role of ten ASEAN Member States (AMS) which work together to collectively in advancing their part in RCEP by comparing RCEP with International Partnership Economic Framework (IPEF). This study is multidisciplinary research using collected research materials include data and information that have been analyzed from legal and economic perspectives using qualitative descriptive method and found that RCEP investment provisions are utilized to support, realize and attain the ASEAN’ grand strategy to achieve and maintains sustainability of investment in this new Asian regionalism.
Szószólók – Nemzetiségi képviselet a magyar Országgyűlésben 2014 és 2022 között
Authors: Kállai Péter
Published: October 2024

Magyarországon a 2014-es országgyűlési választásokon debütált a nemzetiségek kedvezményes mandátumszerzési lehetősége, melynek következtében 2014 és 2018 között 13 nemzetiségi szószóló, 2018 és 2022 között 12 szószóló és a német nemzetiségi képviselő ült be a parlamentbe. A két parlamenti ciklusban tett 377, plenáris ülésen elhangzott felszólalás elemzése segít feltérképezni, hogyan dolgoznak a nemzeti és etnikai kisebbségek képviselői. Miről szólnak a szószólók? Képviseletnek tekinthetjük-e a szószólóságot? Hatékony képviseletnek számít-e? Mit csinálnak, miről beszélnek, kihez beszélnek, miről kérdeznek a nemzeti és etnikai kisebbségek képviselői? Mely témákra fordítják a legtöbb figyelmet a nemzetiségek képviselői, és melyekkel nem foglalkoznak inkább maguk sem? Kállai Péter, az ELTE Társadalomtudományi Kar adjunktusa második kötetében ezekre a kérdésekre keresi a választ.