bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vortex confinement through an unquantized magnetic flux
Authors: Kim Geunyong , Yun Jinyoung , Yang Jinho , Yang Ilkyu , Wulferding Dirk , Movshovich Roman , Cho Gil Young , Kim Ki-Seok , Hahn Garam , Kim Jeehoon
Published: September 2024

Geometrically confined superconductors often experience a breakdown in the quantization of magnetic flux owing to the incomplete screening of the supercurrent against field penetration. In this study, we report that magnetic field confinement occurs regardless of the dimensionality of the system, even extending to 1D linear potential systems. By using a vector-field magnetic force microscope, we successfully create a vortex‒antivortex pair connected by a 1D unquantized magnetic flux in ultrathin superconducting films. Through an investigation of the manipulation and thermal behavior of the vortex pair, we uncover a long-range interaction mediated by the unquantized magnetic flux. These findings suggest a universal phenomenon of unquantized magnetic flux formation, independent of the geometry of the system. Our results present an experimental route for investigating the impact of confinement on superconducting properties and order parameters in unconventional superconductors characterized by extremely low dimensionality.
GATA3 and markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition predict long-term benefit from tamoxifen in ER-positive breast cancer
Authors: Sandström Josefine , Bomanson Jens , Pérez-Tenorio Gizeh , Jönsson Carolin , Nordenskjöld Bo , Fornander Tommy , Lindström Linda S. , Stål Olle
Published: September 2024

GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) is essential for normal development of the mammary gland and associated with ER-positive breast cancer. Loss of GATA3 has been associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in experimental studies. We investigated tumoral GATA3 in a cohort of postmenopausal patients with lymph-node negative breast cancer, randomized to adjuvant tamoxifen or control. Nuclear GATA3 expression was assessed with immunohistochemistry and GATA3 gene expression with Agilent microarrays. High GATA3 nuclear expression was associated with a lower rate of distant recurrence in ER-positive breast cancer (HR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.39–0.93). Low gene expression of GATA3 was associated with limited long-term benefit from adjuvant tamoxifen (interaction: p = 0.033). GATA3 gene expression was associated with the epithelial markers CDH1 (E-cadherin) and FOXA1, whereas negatively associated with several mesenchymal markers. Low expression of CDH1 was associated with marginal tamoxifen benefit (HR = 0.80 (0.43–1.49)), whereas patients with higher expression showed a significant benefit (HR = 0.33 (0.20–0.55), interaction: p = 0.029). In ER-positive breast cancer, diminished expression of GATA3 is associated with markers of EMT and poor long-term benefit from tamoxifen.
Common neural choice signals can emerge artefactually amid multiple distinct value signals
Authors: Frömer Romy , Nassar Matthew R. , Ehinger Benedikt V. , Shenhav Amitai
Published: September 2024

Previous work has identified characteristic neural signatures of value-based decision-making, including neural dynamics that closely resemble the ramping evidence accumulation process believed to underpin choice. Here we test whether these signatures of the choice process can be temporally dissociated from additional, choice-‘independent’ value signals. Indeed, EEG activity during value-based choice revealed distinct spatiotemporal clusters, with a stimulus-locked cluster reflecting affective reactions to choice sets and a response-locked cluster reflecting choice difficulty. Surprisingly, ‘neither’ of these clusters met the criteria for an evidence accumulation signal. Instead, we found that stimulus-locked activity can ‘mimic’ an evidence accumulation process when aligned to the response. Re-analysing four previous studies, including three perceptual decision-making studies, we show that response-locked signatures of evidence accumulation disappear when stimulus-locked and response-locked activity are modelled jointly. Collectively, our findings show that neural signatures of value can reflect choice-independent processes and look deceptively like evidence accumulation.
Continental-scale associations of Arabidopsis thaliana phyllosphere members with host genotype and drought
Authors: Karasov Talia L. , Neumann Manuela , Leventhal Laura , Symeonidi Efthymia , Shirsekar Gautam , Hawks Aubrey , Monroe Grey ,   Pathodopsis Team, Barragán A. Cristina , Bezrukov Ilja , Friedemann Claudia , González Hernando Alba , Habring Anette , Hildebrandt Julia , Kersten Sonja , Lang Patricia , Latorre Sergio M. , Lucke Miriam , Lundberg Derek S. , Lutz Ulrich , Paul Fiona , Rabanal Fernando A. , Regalado Julian , Srikant Thanvi , Waithaka Bridgit , Wibowo Anjar T. , Yuan Wei , Exposito-Alonso Moisés , Bergelson Joy , Weigel Detlef , Schwab Rebecca
Published: September 2024

Plants are colonized by distinct pathogenic and commensal microbiomes across different regions of the globe, but the factors driving their geographic variation are largely unknown. Here, using 16S ribosomal DNA and shotgun sequencing, we characterized the associations of the Arabidopsis thaliana leaf microbiome with host genetics and climate variables from 267 populations in the species’ native range across Europe. Comparing the distribution of the 575 major bacterial amplicon variants (phylotypes), we discovered that microbiome composition in A. thaliana segregates along a latitudinal gradient. The latitudinal clines in microbiome composition are predicted by metrics of drought, but also by the spatial genetics of the host. To validate the relative effects of drought and host genotype we conducted a common garden field study, finding 10% of the core bacteria to be affected directly by drought and 20% to be affected by host genetic associations with drought. These data provide a valuable resource for the plant microbiome field, with the identified associations suggesting that drought can directly and indirectly shape genetic variation in A. thaliana via the leaf microbiome.
Probiotics and magnesium orotate for the treatment of major depressive disorder: a randomised double blind controlled trial
Authors: Strodl Esben , Bambling Matthew , Parnam Sophie , Ritchie Gabrielle , Cramb Susanna , Vitetta Luis
Published: September 2024

Following on from our pilot studies, this study aimed to test the efficacy of a combination of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Streptococcus thermophilus), magnesium orotate and coenzyme 10 for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) through a double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. The participants were 120 adults diagnosed with MDD randomised to daily oral administration, over 8 weeks, of either the intervention or placebo, with a 16-week follow-up period. Intent-to-treat analysis found a significantly lower frequency of the presence of a major depressive episode in the intervention group compared with placebo at the end of the 8-week treatment phase, with no difference between the two conditions at 8-week follow-up. Both the categorical and continuous measure of depressive symptoms showed a significant difference between the two conditions at 4 weeks, but not 8 and 16 weeks. The secondary end-point was demonstrated with an overall reduction in self-rated symptoms of anxiety and stress in the active treatment group compared with placebo. These findings suggest that the combination of probiotics, magnesium orotate and coenzyme 10 may be an effective treatment of MDD over an 8-week period.
PROTAC-mediated conditional degradation of the WRN helicase as a potential strategy for selective killing of cancer cells with microsatellite instability
Authors: Tejwani Vikram , Carroll Thomas , Macartney Thomas , Bandau Susanne , Alabert Constance , Saredi Giulia , Toth Rachel , Rouse John
Published: September 2024

Multiple studies have demonstrated that cancer cells with microsatellite instability (MSI) are intolerant to loss of the Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), whereas microsatellite-stable (MSS) cancer cells are not. Therefore, WRN represents a promising new synthetic lethal target for developing drugs to treat cancers with MSI. Given the uncertainty of how effective inhibitors of WRN activity will prove in clinical trials, and the likelihood of tumours developing resistance to WRN inhibitors, alternative strategies for impeding WRN function are needed. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are heterobifunctional small molecules that target specific proteins for degradation. Here, we engineered the WRN locus so that the gene product is fused to a bromodomain (Bd)-tag, enabling conditional WRN degradation with the AGB-1 PROTAC specific for the Bd-tag. Our data revealed that WRN degradation is highly toxic in MSI but not MSS cell lines. In MSI cells, WRN degradation caused G2/M arrest, chromosome breakage and ATM kinase activation. We also describe a multi-colour cell-based platform for facile testing of selective toxicity in MSI versus MSS cell lines. Together, our data show that a degrader approach is a potentially powerful way of targeting WRN in MSI cancers and paves the way for the development of WRN-specific PROTAC compounds.
Fuzzy inference system enabled neural network feedforward compensation for position leap control of DC servo motor
Authors: Huang Zhiwen , Yan Yuting , Zhu Yidan , Shao Jiajie , Zhu Jianmin , Fang Dianjun
Published: September 2024

To improve dynamic performance and steady-state accuracy of position leap control of the direct current (DC) servo motor, a fuzzy inference system (FIS) enabled artificial neural network (ANN) feedforward compensation control method is proposed in this study. In the method, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is used to generate the baseline control law. Then, an ANN identifier is constructed to online learn the reverse model of the DC servo motor system. Meanwhile, the learned parameters are passed in real-time to an ANN compensator to provide feedforward compensation control law accurately. Next, according to system tracking error and network modeling error, an FIS decider consisting of an FI basic module and an FI finetuning module is developed to adjust the compensation quantity and prevent uncertain disturbance from undertrained ANN adaptively. Finally, the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method are verified by the tracking experiments of step and square signals on the DC servo motor testbed. Experimental results show that the proposed FIS-enabled ANN feedforward compensation control method achieves lower overshoot, faster adjustment, and higher precision than other comparative control methods.
Developing survival prediction models in colorectal cancer using epigenome-wide DNA methylation data from whole blood
Authors: Fan Ziwen , Edelmann Dominic , Yuan Tanwei , Köhler Bruno Christian , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann
Published: September 2024

While genome-wide association studies are valuable in identifying CRC survival predictors, the benefit of adding blood DNA methylation (blood-DNAm) to clinical features, including the TNM system, remains unclear. In a multi-site population-based patient cohort study of 2116 CRC patients with baseline blood-DNAm, we analyzed survival predictions using eXtreme Gradient Boosting with a 5-fold nested leave-sites-out cross-validation across four groups: traditional and comprehensive clinical features, blood-DNAm, and their combination. Model performance was assessed using time-dependent ROC curves and calibrations. During a median follow-up of 10.3 years, 1166 patients died. Although blood-DNAm-based predictive signatures achieved moderate performances, predictive signatures based on clinical features outperformed blood-DNAm signatures. The inclusion of blood-DNAm did not improve survival prediction over clinical features. M1 stage, age at blood collection, and N2 stage were the top contributors. Despite some prognostic value, incorporating blood DNA methylation did not enhance survival prediction of CRC patients beyond clinical features.
No evidence of increased forest loss from a mining rush in Madagascar’s eastern rainforests
Authors: Devenish Katie , Willcock Simon , Goodenough Kathryn M. , Heriniaina Rio , Rakotonarivo O. Sarobidy , Jones Julia P. G.
Published: September 2024

Artisanal and small-scale mining is an important livelihood activity in many biodiversity hotspots. There is substantial international concern about the negative impact of artisanal and small-scale mining on biodiversity, yet in most places this remains poorly understood. We explore the impacts of a high-profile mining rush: the 2016 sapphire rush at Bemainty, Eastern Madagascar, where tens of thousands of miners descended on a protected forest. Media coverage claimed the rush caused hundreds of hectares of deforestation and threatened lemur populations. Using the synthetic control method to estimate counterfactual outcomes, we find no evidence that mining increased forest loss or degradation. Supported by informal interviews and a lemur survey, we argue that mining at Bemainty had limited impacts on the surrounding forest, relative to other threats. Our results highlight the heterogeneity of environmental impacts from artisanal and small-scale mining and emphasize the need for more robust evaluations to inform context-specific policies.
Mixtures of organic micropollutants exacerbated in vitro neurotoxicity of prymnesins and contributed to aquatic toxicity during a toxic algal bloom
Authors: Escher Beate I. , Ahlheim Jörg , Böhme Alexander , Borchardt Dietrich , Brack Werner , Braun Georg , Colbourne John K. , Dann Janek Paul , Gessner Joern , Jahnke Annika , König Maria , Klüver Nils , Krauss Martin , Lee Jungeun , Li Xiaojing , Lips Stefan , Orsini Luisa , Rinke Karsten , Schmitt-Jansen Mechthild , Scholz Stefan , Schulze Tobias , Spahr Stephanie , Ulrich Nadin , Weitere Markus , Varga Elisabeth
Published: September 2024

Prymnesins produced by an algal bloom of Prymnesium parvum led to the death of several hundred tons of freshwater fish in the Oder River in summer 2022. We investigated effects on aquatic life and human cell lines from exposure to extracts of contaminated water collected during the fish kill. We detected B-type prymnesins and >120 organic micropollutants. The micropollutants occurred at concentrations that would cause the predicted mixture risk quotient for aquatic life to exceed the acceptable threshold. Extracts of water and filters (biomass and particulates) induced moderate effects in vivo in algae, daphnids and zebrafish embryos but caused high effects in a human neuronal cell line indicating the presence of neurotoxicants. Mixture toxicity modelling demonstrated that the in vitro neurotoxic effects were mainly caused by the detected B-type prymnesins with minor contributions by organic micropollutants. Complex interactions between natural and anthropogenic toxicants may underestimate threats to aquatic ecosystems.
Systematic re-review of WASH trials to assess women’s engagement in intervention delivery and research activities
Authors: Caruso Bethany A. , Ballard April M. , Sobolik Julia , Patrick Madeleine , Dsouza Janice , Sinharoy Sheela S. , Cumming Oliver , Wolf Jennyfer , Ray Isha
Published: September 2024

Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions significantly reduce health risks in low- and middle-income countries. Many rely on women, but the extent of women’s engagement remains undocumented. Here we conducted a re-review of papers from two systematic reviews that assessed the effectiveness of water, sanitation and/or handwashing with soap interventions on diarrhoeal disease and acute respiratory infections to assess women’s roles in WASH research and intervention activities. A total of 133 studies were included. Among studies that specified gender, women were the most sought-after group for engagement in research (n = 91/132; 68.9%) and intervention (n = 49/120; 40.8%) activities. Reporting time burden for research (n = 1; 1%) and intervention activities (n = 3; 2.5%) was rare. All interventions were classified as gender unequal (36.7%) or gender unaware (63.3%) according to the World Health Organization Gender Responsiveness Assessment Scale, indicating exploitative engagement. Women play a critical but instrumentalized role in WASH, and both research and interventions need to change to enable, and not hinder, gender equality.
Development of a highly sensitive CNT-metal graphene hybrid nano-IDA electrochemical biosensor for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Rahman M. Mahabubur , Sarkar Bappa , Rahman Md Tareq , Jin Gyeong J. , Uddin M. Jalal , Bhuiyan Nabil H. , Shim Joon S.
Published: September 2024

In this work, a novel CNT-metal-porous graphene hybrid nano-interdigitated array electrochemical 8-well biosensor has been developed for the successful early-stage diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease from blood using e-ELISA enzyme by-product PAP.
Programmable bionanomaterials for revolutionizing cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Sharma Ayushi , Bhatia Dhiraj
Published: September 2024

Cancer immunotherapy involves a cutting-edge method that utilizes the immune system to detect and eliminate cancer cells.
Oral bomb effect nanotherapeutics alleviate ulcerative colitis through coordinated anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving strategies
Authors: Yang Mei , Zhu Yuanyuan , Wei Xiaodan , Feng Jinteng , He Yingli , Jiang Jue , Zhou Qi , Zhang Mingzhen , Zhang Guangjian , Ma Wenqi
Published: September 2024

Orally nano-bomb system with siCD98 and Ac2-26 alleviates ulcerative colitis via anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, restores intestinal barrier function and promotes M1 to M2 macrophage polarization.
Physiological evaluation and transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to reveal the anti-aging and reproduction-promoting mechanisms of glycitein in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Lei Jianping , Cao Longbifei , Li Yifeng , Kan Qixin , Yang Lixin , Dai Weijie , Liu Guo , Fu Jiangyan , Chen Yunjiao , Huang Qingrong , Ho Chi-Tang , Cao Yong , Wen Linfeng
Published: September 2024

The Caenorhabditis elegans model combined with transcriptomic and proteomic technologies was used to evaluate and explore the anti-aging and reproduction-promoting effects of glycitein in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Different morphologies of super-balls obtained to form photonic crystals of cholesteryl benzoate liquid crystals
Authors: Rusen Edina , Mocanu Alexandra , Dinescu Adrian , Boldeiu Adina , Romanitan Cosmin , Iordanescu Sergiu , Aldrigo Martino , Somoghi Raluca , Mitran Raul , Ghebaur Adi
Published: September 2024

The current study highlights the synthesis and characterization of some nanocomposite materials formed by polymer particles and liquid crystals.
Combined optical and electrical control of a low-power consuming (∼fJ) two-terminal organic artificial synapse for associative learning and neuromorphic applications
Authors: Mishra Amrita Bharati , Thamankar R.
Published: September 2024

Optoelectronic synaptic devices outperform electrical synapses in speed, energy efficiency, and integration density.
On the origin of the surface superhydrophobicity of rough-textured inorganic materials with intrinsic hydrophilicity
Authors: Wen Ruihang , Chen Xiaobing , Qi Gaocan , Li Wenbin , Yuan Zhihao
Published: September 2024

Studies on typical rough-textured inorganic materials showed that the superhydrophobicity of intrinsically hydrophilic inorganic materials originates from a O22− predominant O2 molecular adsorption layer induced by anion vacancies.
Direct decarboxylative C–N coupling with dioxazolones mediated by a base
Authors: Niu Bai-Hua , Xia Xi-Rui , Ran Lu , Zhang Yu-Xing , Jiang Yuan-Ye , Jiang Hong , Cheng Wan-Min
Published: September 2024

By reacting carboxylic acids with dioxazolones in the presence of a base, a wide variety of amides, particularly acylated chiral amines, can be synthesized through decarboxylative amidation.
An AIE probe for the fluorescence and colorimetric sensing of La3+
Authors: Lin Wan-Ying , Zong Zi-Ao , Wang Jing , Huang Qi , Xing Zhi-Yong , Fan Chuan-Bin , Li Na-Na
Published: September 2024

A colorimetric fluorescent sensor named N, which exhibited solid state emission, was developed for the fluorescence colorimetric sensing of La3+ in water and in the solid state with high selectivity and sensitivity.
UV-driven self-replenishing liquid-infused surface with promising anti-algal adhesion performance
Authors: Kong Shuai , Wei Hao , Zhang Yan , Rao Qingqing
Published: September 2024

A robust slippery surface with lubricant self-replenishing ability under UV irradiation.
Experimental and theoretical studies of the electronic transport of an extended curcuminoid in graphene nano-junctions
Authors: Cardona-Lamarca Teresa , Baum Thomas Y. , Zaffino Rossella , Herrera Daniel , Pfattner Raphael , Gómez-Coca Silvia , Ruiz Eliseo , González-Campo Arántzazu , van der Zant Herre S. J. , Aliaga-Alcalde Núria
Published: September 2024

Experimental and theoretical analysis of the charge transport behavior of a curcuminoid-based polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecule (PAH-CCMoid) once the system is placed on graphene electrodes created by feedback-controlled electro-burning.
A 15-crown-5-ether-based supramolecular hydrogel with selection ability for potassium cations via gelation and colour change
Authors: Chabatake Yuta , Tanigawa Tomoki , Hirayama Yuto , Taniguchi Ryo , Ito Akitaka , Takahashi Kiyonori , Noro Shin-ichiro , Akutagawa Tomoyuki , Nakamura Takayoshi , Izumi Masayuki , Ochi Rika
Published: September 2024

We developed a benzo-15-crown-5-ether (B15C5)-based supramolecular hydrogel, which exhibits colour change and gelation in response to colourless potassium cations (K+) via sandwich complexation of B15C5/K+/B15C5.
Grain boundary optimization in Li–Mg alloy anodes via controlled cooling rates and cold rolling
Authors: Yeom Chae Yeon , Choi Woo Seok , Lee Seung Ho , Joo Sin Hyong , Kim Jong Hoon , Lee Jong Hyeon
Published: September 2024

The performance effects of Li–Mg alloys depending on grain boundary density, with the formation of a Li-rich Li–Mg phase at the grain boundaries.
Insights into the conversion mechanism of the restriction strategy and self-activation enabled high-performance manganese fluoride anodes
Authors: Wu Jun , Hao Jiamao , Wang Chengdeng , Shi Haofeng , Zhu Fang , Yang Lu , Bai Zhiming , Yan Xiaoqin , Gu Yousong
Published: September 2024

A growth-limited and self-polymerizing carbon layer-coated fluoride electrode creates refined nanodomains during cycling that cooperate with amorphous phases to promote Li+ conduction, providing excellent cycling life and specific capacity.
Unraveling electrochemo-mechanical aspects of core–shell composite cathode for sulfide based all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Han Su Cheol , Ali Mukarram , Kim Yoon Jun , Park Jun-Ho , Lee You-Jin , Park Jun-Woo , Park Heetaek , Park Gumjae , Lee Eungje , Kim Byung Gon , Ha Yoon-Cheol
Published: September 2024

Multi-core–shell Li6PS5Cl@LiNbO3@LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 composite cathode can achieve high capacity, high rate, and long cycle-life sulfide based all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs).
When electrocatalytic nitrate reduction meets copper-based atomic site catalysts
Authors: Liu Xiaoqian , Xiang Tianyi , Liang Yuntao , Zhou Xiangqin , Wang Zihao , Liu Jianbin , Cheng Min , Zhou Chengyun , Yang Yang
Published: September 2024

This manuscript comprehensively reviews the recent advancements in Cu-based atomic site catalysts in the NO3RR, following a sequential order with six sections: Introduction, Mechanism, Cu-based SACs, Cu-based SAAs, Cu-based DACs, and Perspectives.
A melamine–formaldehyde resin nanosphere interlayer as a “Li+ redistributor” to stabilize Li metal anodes
Authors: He Liang , Ren Qingjuan , Zhang Peng , Wang Yujia , Hao Ruirui , Liu Kai , Shi Zhiqiang
Published: September 2024

The MFNS interlayer was rich in abundant pyrrolic N and pyridinic N functional groups, as a “Li+ redistributor”, exhibited a strong attraction to Li+, regulated the uneven Li+ flux, resulting in uniform Li+ distribution and Li deposition.
Mass transport control over a conductive MOF 3D thin film to improve gas sensing
Authors: Pan Yu , Sun Wei , Chen Junxiang , Lin Yuan , Chen Yong-Jun , Wen Zhenhai , Xu Gang
Published: September 2024

A combination of theoretical simulation and experimental testing was employed to investigate the influence of the microstructure of a c-MOF 3D thin film on mass transport in heterogeneous reactions.
A regenerative dual-functional platform combining dendritic silica and anthraquinone amide: advancing seawater lithium detection and recovery with biosensing capabilities
Authors: Choudhary Nishu , Yadav Sanjay , Patel Tulsi R. , Wakchaure Padmaja D. , Sonpal Vasavdutta , Ganguly Bishwajit , Paital Alok Ranjan
Published: September 2024

A novel material with a dendritic silica substrate and anthraquinone amide ligand enables simultaneous lithium detection and adsorption in water, offering green-emissive sensing, high adsorption capacity, fast kinetics, and biosensing.
Cu MOF-based electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products
Authors: Liu Li-Xia , Qin Chengyu , Deng Taojiang , Sun Liming , Chen Zifan , Han Xiguang
Published: September 2024

The latest progress of Cu MOF-based electrocatalysts (Cu-based MOFs, Cu-based MOF composites, and Cu-based MOF derivatives) for the CO2RR to C2+ products was discussed with a focus on strategies and mechanisms for enhancing catalytic performance.
Advancements in DNA computing: exploring DNA logic systems and their biomedical applications
Authors: Zhao Yuewei , Li Xvelian , Zhou Yan , Tian Xiaoting , Miao Yayou , Wang Jiayi , Huang Lin , Meng Fanyu
Published: September 2024

DNA computing is a key molecular method in biological analysis. This review highlights advancements in DNA logic systems, material innovations, and applications in imaging, diagnosis, and treatment, addressing challenges and future directions.
Resolving and imaging ultra-low H concentrations in partially protonated Mg:α Al2O3 using FRET and the luminescence lifetime of Cr3+
Authors: Jones Daniel C. , Jollands Michael C. , Jin Shiyun , Stewart-Barry Sebastian S. , Dale Matthew W. , Green Ben L.
Published: September 2024

Lifetime spectroscopy has been used to measure hydrogen in corundum on the order of 10’s ppb. In contrast to FTIR and other techniques this shows significantly higher sensitivity, and resolution, with the expanded capability of 3D imaging.
Design and implementation of an infrared artificial visual neural synapse based on a p-WSe2/n-Ta2NiS5 van der Waals heterojunction
Authors: Hou Pengfei , Tan Shiwen , Zheng Shuaizhi
Published: September 2024

Inspired by human visual synapses, high performance and versatile infrared vision synapses can be achieved in the p-WSe2/n-Ta2NiS5 van der Waals heterojunction by introducing narrow band gap materials and bias-induced band bending.
Investigating energy transfer in lanthanide-doped double perovskites exhibiting visible and near-infrared emission
Authors: Cao Jueran , Tang Baoling , Li Tianrui , Wei Mingkai , Zhang Xuejie , Zheng Mingtao , Dong Bin , Li Xinming , Cong Yan , Molokeev Maxim S. , Lei Bingfu
Published: September 2024

Sb3+–Tm3+ co-doped Cs2NaInCl6 double perovskite that emits in the near-infrared (NIR) region at 1220 nm was synthesized and studied. Its application in visible and near-infrared pc-LEDs for optoelectronic devices was investigated.
Sulfur-based cathodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Yuwei , Zhu Jiaxiong , Li Chuan , Zhang Shaoce , Zhang Rong , Li Pei , Hong Hu , Nian Qingshun , Lv (Lyu) Haiming , Zhi Chunyi
Published: September 2024

We propose strategies for sulfur-based cathodes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries, using molecular engineering, adsorption-catalysis, and electrolyte chemistry to boost performance, conductivity, and stability, making them ideal for grid energy storage.
Gravitational collapse at low to moderate Mach numbers: The relationship between star formation efficiency and the fraction of mass in the massive object
Authors: Saavedra-Bastidas Jorge , Schleicher Dominik R. G. , Klessen Ralf S. , Chon Sunmyon , Omukai Kazuyuki , Peters Thomas , Prole Lewis R. , Reinoso Bastián , Riaz Rafeel , Solar Paulo
Published: September 2024

The formation of massive objects via gravitational collapse is relevant both for explaining the origin of the first supermassive black holes and in the context of massive star formation. Here, we analyze simulations of the formation of massive objects pursued by different groups and in various environments, concerning the formation of supermassive black holes, primordial stars, as well as present-day massive stars. We focus here particularly on the regime of small virial parameters, that is, low ratios of the initial kinetic to gravitational energy, low to moderate Mach numbers, and the phase before feedback is very efficient. We compare the outcomes of collapse under different conditions using dimensionless parameters, particularly the star formation efficiency є*, the fraction ƒ* of mass in the most massive object relative to the total stellar mass, and the fraction ƒtot of mass of the most massive object as a function of the total mass. We find that in all simulations analyzed here, ƒtot increases as a function of є*, although the steepness of the increase depends on the environment. The relation between ƒ* and є* is found to be more complex and also strongly depends on the number of protostars present at the beginning of the simulations. We show that a collision parameter, estimated as the ratio of the system size divided by the typical collision length, allows us to approximately characterize whether collisions are important. A high collision parameter implies a steeper increase in the relation between ƒtot and є*. We analyze the statistical correlation between the dimensionless quantities using the Spearman coefficient and further confirm via a machine learning analysis that good predictions of ƒ* can be obtained from є* together with a rough estimate of the collision parameter. This suggests that a good estimate of the mass of the most massive object can be obtained once the maximum efficiency for a given environment is known and an estimate for the collision parameter has been determined.
Electromagnetic signatures of black hole clusters in the center of super-Eddington galaxies
Authors: Abaroa Leandro , Romero Gustavo E.
Published: September 2024

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the centers of active galaxies are fed by accretion disks that radiate from the infrared or optical to the X-ray bands. Several types of objects can orbit SMBHs, including massive stars, neutron stars, clouds from the broad- and narrow-line regions, and X-ray binaries. Isolated black holes with a stellar origin (BHs of ∼10 M⊙) should also be present in large numbers within the central parsec of the galaxies. These BHs are expected to form a cluster around the SMBH as a result of the enhanced star formation rate in the inner galactic region and the BH migration caused by gravitational dynamical friction. However, except for occasional microlensing effects on background stars or gravitational waves from binary BH mergers, the presence of a BH population is hard to verify. In this paper, we explore the possibility of detecting electromagnetic signatures of a central cluster of BHs when the accretion rate onto the central SMBH is greater than the Eddington rate. In these supercritical systems, the accretion disk launches powerful winds that interact with the objects orbiting the SMBH. Isolated BHs can capture matter from this dense wind, leading to the formation of small accretion disks around them. If jets are produced in these single microquasars, they could be sites of particle acceleration to relativistic energies. These particles in turn are expected to cool by various radiative processes. Therefore, the wind of the SMBH might illuminate the BHs through the production of both thermal and nonthermal radiation.
Renewable self electricity generation techniques by hydro turbine
Authors: Kalidas N. , Goshteeswaran S. , Sanduru Bhanuteja , Kotha Mahesh , Fallah Mohammed H.
Published: September 2024

In order to meet the world’s energy needs while reducing environmental effect, the search for renewable energy sources has grown in importance. Hydro turbines are essential for utilising the power of flowing water to generate hydroelectric power, which is a particularly promising source of renewable energy. The design, implementation, and performance assessment of hydro turbine systems are the main topics of this study, which investigates the viability and efficiency of using them to generate energy on their own. An overview of renewable energy sources is given in the literature review, with special attention to the importance of hydroelectric power as a clean and sustainable energy source. The potential for hydro turbines to significantly contribute to renewable energy goals is highlighted by reviewing prior research on the technology as well as developments in self-electricity generation approaches. The selection criteria for hydro turbine sites, design factors, and integration strategies are all included in methodology, with a focus on modelling and simulation approaches to maximise system performance. The Hydro Turbine Technology section discusses several kinds of hydro turbines, their working principles, and efficiency developments, providing background information for the design and implementation stages. The site evaluation, turbine selection, and system integration—taking into account both grid-connected and independent setups—are the main focuses of the design and implementation process. To guarantee the sustainable implementation of hydro turbine systems, regulatory and environmental compliance considerations are also taken into account. Metrics for performance evaluation, such as case studies of systems that have been put into place and techniques for gathering data, are developed to evaluate the performance of turbines. There is an identification of challenges, along with suggested remedies and mitigating measures, pertaining to environmental effect, technological constraints, and economic feasibility. Looking ahead, new developments in hydro turbine systems are examined, along with possible avenues for further study and legislative suggestions to encourage the use of renewable energy. This study concludes by highlighting the potential of hydro turbines for producing power on their own and offering a thorough analysis of the design, implementation, and performance evaluation aspects. Hydro turbines provide a dependable and sustainable way to meet energy needs while lowering dependency on fossil fuels, which has important ramifications for the renewable energy industry.
IoT Integrated Dynamic Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicle with Authentication and Billing
Authors: Bezawada Pangedaiah , Shiva V. , Kamakshi D. , Venkat Sandeep V.
Published: September 2024

The Dynamic Wireless Charging System with Customized Billing (DWCS) revolutionizes electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. Integrating wireless power- transmitting coils and IoT control, it offers two payment options: Option 1 charges 100 rupees for 100mW, and Option 2 charges 200 rupees for 200mW. Users select their preferred plan through a mobile app, ensuring fair and customized charging experiences. The system provides real- time updates on power usage and remaining balance. Prevents overcharging, and promotes sustainable mobility. This project showcases an innovative approach to wireless EV charging, providing a seamless and user-friendly solution for the evolving electric vehicle ecosystem.
Fast Charging Electrical Vehicle Using PSCAD
Authors: Pragathi B. , Mosaad Mohamed I. , Ramasekhara Reddy M. , Manoj Vasupalli , Swathi Aakula , Sudhakar Uppada
Published: September 2024

The increased demand in transportation for plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) made the expansion of charging stations mandatory to keep up with this developing technology. The main drawback of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) is the long charging time of the battery. The design of The DC fast-charging station (DCFCS) of electric vehicles overcomes this problem. In this proposed work different technology gaps in electric vehicle charging stations have been discussed. The control algorithms have been implemented for controlling the switching operation of the power electronic converter mitigating the harmonics in the source current. The different available multi-level power levels for charging electric vehicles are demonstrated. A DC fast charging station is implemented in power system computer-aided design and their electromagnetic transient response in DC (PSCAD)/EMTDC.
Variable Structure Control by Discontinuous versus Continuous Signal in a DFIG
Authors: Achar Abdelkader , Djeriri Youcef , Singh Jethi Govind , Hanafi Salah , Benbouhenni Habib , Bajaj Mohit
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces a control strategy for effectively managing the active and reactive power of a double-feed induction generator (DFIG) by employing a Variable Structure Control by Continuous Signal (VSC-CS). Unlike Variable Structure Control by Discontinuous Signal (VSC-DS), which suffers from the undesirable chattering effect caused by the abrupt control signal changes along the sliding surface, the proposed VSC-CS technique mitigates this issue while maintaining the robustness to DFIG parametric variations offered by the VSC-DS approach. To validate the effectiveness of the VSC-CS control approach, extensive simulations using MATLAB/Simulink software demonstrate substantial improvements in power quality and a significant reduction in chattering phenomenon.
PV-Wind-Diesel based Grid Connected Water Pumping System Driven by Induction Motor
Authors: Mosaad Mohamed I. , Manoj Vasupalli , Pragathi B. , Guntreddi Venkataramana , Babu Damala Rajesh , Swathi Aakula
Published: September 2024

The increasing need for sustainable and efficient water pumping solutions in remote and rural regions has led to the investigation of hybrid renewable energy systems. This document offers an extensive analysis of a grid-connected water pumping system that utilizes a combination of photovoltaic, wind, and diesel energy sources, powered by an induction motor. The suggested system utilizes the synergistic characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy sources, augmented by a diesel generator to guarantee uninterrupted and dependable functionality. We commence by outlining the system architecture, which incorporates PV panels, a wind turbine, and a diesel generator linked via a shared DC bus, interfacing with an AC grid. The water pump is powered by an induction motor, selected for its durability and minimal maintenance requirements. Sophisticated power electronic converters and controllers are utilized to regulate energy transfer and ensure optimal operating conditions. The study’s essential components encompass the modeling and simulation of the hybrid system across diverse environmental and load scenarios. We evaluate performance indicators including energy efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. The control strategy integrates Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for both the PV and wind subsystems, thereby optimizing the use of available renewable resources to their fullest potential. Furthermore, the diesel generator serves as a supplementary power source during times of inadequate renewable energy, thus improving the overall reliability of the system. The findings indicate that the suggested hybrid system markedly decreases reliance on fossil fuels, reduces operational expenses, and offers a sustainable alternative for water pumping applications. The environmental benefits, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions, are also highlighted. The research culminates in a discourse regarding the scalability and practicality of implementing such systems across various geographical regions, as well as potential enhancements and avenues for future investigation.
Hyper Heuristic Memetic-Algorithm Based Optimization of Solar Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Deshmukh Rajesh Keshavrao , Shrivastav Mohit
Published: September 2024

For identifying maximum power tracking by using a solar PV system, a modified solar panel is designed with the support of reflector. Based on diameter and size, reflector is selected. This reflector helps for tracking the sun radiation towards the solar panel with the variation of environmental conditions. As a result, it minimizes the wastage of power generation from the solar panel and attains optimized Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) with an increase in output power. In this study, Hyper-Heuristic Memetic Optimization (HHMO) technique for MPPT is introduced. The main aim of proposed technique is to optimize MPP. Here, the maximum power is identified through memetic optimization. The solar irradiance and temperatures on panel get varied at different time Period.
Water Cycle Algorithm Tuned Cascade Controller for the Frequency Control of a Nonlinear Hydrothermal Power System with PEV Integration
Authors: Sai Kalyan Ch. Naga , Gopi Pasala , Singh Jethi Govind , Reddy K. Harinath , Bajaj Mohit
Published: September 2024

In this paper, a new cascade (C) fractional order (FO) proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and proportional-integral (PI) (CFOPID-PI) controller is designed based on the optimization technique of the water cycle algorithm (WCA) for the frequency regulation of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) integrated dual area non-linear hydrothermal (DANLHT) system. The PEVs integrated DANLHT system has two areas: thermal, hydro, and PEVs integration, and the system dynamic analysis is initiated for the step load disturbance (SLD) of 10% in area 1. However, the performance efficacy of the proposed CFOPID-PI controller is demonstrated by the performances of other reported controllers in the literature. Further, the impact of considering the PEV integration on the performance of the DANLHT system is showcased. Furthermore, the high-voltage direct current (HVDC) line is enacted as the tie-line with the PEVs integrated DANLHT system to obtain an improvement in system dynamical behavior. Simulation analysis revealed an enhancement in system performance with the deployment of the HVDC line as the tie-line with the PEVs integrated DANLHT system.
A Case Study On Solar Automobiles Considering a Time Dependent Variable On Casson Tetra Hybrid Nanofluids Flow Under the Influence of a Magnetic Field and Thermal Radiation
Authors: Akindele A. O. , Obalalu A. M. , Bhakuni Abhijit Singh , Bajaj Mohit , Oladapo O. A. , Abdul-Yekeen A. M.
Published: September 2024

This study examines the properties of tetra hybrid nanofluids (HNF4) using the Blasius Rayleigh- Stokes time-dependent variable model to aid solar automobile engineers. It explores the behavior of hybrid nanofluids under various conditions, focusing on the effects of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity. Copper (Cu), Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3), and Iron Oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are studied with ethylene glycol (EG) as the base fluid. The governing PDEs were transformed into non- dimensional equations, resulting in a set of coupled nonlinear ODEs, solved numerically using Homotopy Analysis Methods (HAM). Results indicate that HNF4 exhibit enhanced velocity and improved thermal conductivity and stability compared to ternary hybrid nanofliuds (HNF3), due to the presence of magnetite nanoparticles. These findings are significant for designing efficient and sustainable solar aeronautic systems, emphasizing the importance of considering variable properties in their development.
IoT-Enabled Cabin Designed for The Mobility Challenged
Authors: Raj Spandana N. , Amuthabala K. , Devi Patil Shantala
Published: September 2024

The IoT-Enabled Smart Cabin for People with Disabilities project aims to improve the living experience for individuals with mobility and sensory challenges. By using the Internet of Things (IoT), the project creates an intelligent living space that adapts to the unique needs of people with disabilities, enhancing their independence, safety, and overall quality of life. The smart cabin uses a network of sensors to monitor the environment and automatically adjust lighting, temperature, and other conditions to meet residents’ preferences. Customizable living spaces with adaptable furniture and infrastructure allow residents to tailor their environment to their specific needs. User-friendly communication interfaces ensure easy interaction within the cabin and with the outside world. Additionally, the system uploads data to the cloud for efficient monitoring and management. This project represents a major step toward creating inclusive and accessible living environments, empowering individuals with disabilities and promoting universal design principles.
Blockchain-Based Solution for Mitigating Overproduction and Underproduction of Medical Supplies
Authors: Bindushree V. T. , Devi Patil Shantala , Amuthabala K.
Published: September 2024

Overproduction and underconsumption of medical goods have led to billions of dollars in losses over the past decade. The lack of accountability, transparency, traceability, auditing, assessment, security, and trust in the current healthcare supply chain system typically causes these issues. It is crucial to prevent unnecessary waste and ensure equitable distribution of medical supplies. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based approach that ensures the accountability and dedication of all participants to prevent excess waste. We introduce five phases for accurate and fair waste assessment: production, delivery, consumption, commitment, and registration. We developed four smart contracts that automatically record all activities on an immutable ledger, ensuring data provenance, transparency, security, and accountability. To address the issue of massive data storage, we use off-chain decentralized storage. We detail five methods and thoroughly explain each step of the proposed solution, including testing, validation, and full implementation. To ensure our smart contracts are secure and free from vulnerabilities, we perform security analyses. The code for the smart contracts is available to the public on GitHub..
Automation and manufacturing of smart materials in additive manufacturing technologies using Internet of Things towards the adoption of industry 4.0
Authors: Kumar Voruganti Naresh , Hassan Muntather M. , Pant Ruby , Hima Bindu V. , Sivasankar G.
Published: September 2024

Business 4.0 emphasizes mass personalization and customisation. Even though additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are capable of producing single items, they are not suitable for 3D printing in large quantities. They are at a disadvantage because they can’t finish the industrial process in big volumes. As a result, all activity utilizing additive manufacturing techniques in industrial manufacturing is cautious. Thus, that is the basis of this study. In order to increase the dependability of additive manufacturing procedures and large-scale 3D printing of smart products for global businesses, the research attempts to identify and take advantage of Industry 4.0 technologies. Our study focuses on the requirements of Industry 4.0 technology in data science and additive manufacturing applications. Technologies (ITs) are used in additive manufacturing. Business 4.0 emphasizes mass personalization and customisation. Even though additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are capable of producing single items, they are not suitable for 3D printing in large quantities. They are at a disadvantage because they can’t finish the industrial process in big volumes. As a result, all activity utilizing additive manufacturing techniques in industrial manufacturing is cautious. Thus, that is the basis of this study. In order to increase the dependability of additive manufacturing procedures and large-scale 3D printing of smart products for global businesses, the research attempts to identify and take advantage of Industry 4.0 technologies. Our study focuses on the requirements of Industry 4.0 technology in data science and additive manufacturing applications. Technologies (ITs) are used in additive manufacturing.