bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different Light Radiation Intensities on Cotton: A Physiological Approach
Authors: Lisboa Lucas Aparecido Manzani , Nakayama Fernando Takayuki , Cia Edivaldo , Monteiro de Figueiredo Paulo Alexandre , Ramos Sérgio Bispo , Viana Ronaldo Da Silva , Vitorino Rodrigo , Celestrino Thiago De Souza , Ferrari Samuel
Published: May 2019

The luminosity and the temperature are factors that act directly in the photosynthetic process, where an elevation of the luminous intensity can cause a reduction of the assimilation of carbon, which consequently lowers the development of the cotton. The objective of this work was to assess the response of physiological parameters of cotton when subjected to different artificial light intensities. Two varieties of cotton IMA5801B2RF and IACRDN, were interacting with five artificial light intensities: 0 (control); 500; 1000; 1500 and 2000 μmol m−2 s−1 of photosynthetically active radiation provided by LED bulbs. The experiment was set in a randomized complete block design using a 2x5 factorial scheme. The variables measured were the rate of CO2 assimilation, transpiration, stomatal conductance, inner CO2 concentration in the substomatic chamber, and efficient use of water (for which a portable device of gas exchange was used). The cotton varieties responded positively to different luminous intensities until reaching the point of maximum saturation between 1400 and 1600 µmol m-1 s-1 of light, which provided a better rate of CO2 assimilation, concentration of CO2 in the substomatic chamber, and efficient use of water. Leaf transpiration and stomatal conductance showed a positive linear response with increasing light intensity. The ideal luminous intensity for the use of Infra-Red Gas Analyzer - IRGA was 1500 µmol m-1 s-1 for the tested cotton varieties.
Synthesis of Polytetrahydrofuran Using Protonated Kaolin as A Solid Acid Catalyst
Authors: Moumen Abdelhak , Hattab Zhour , Belhocine Youghourta , Guerfi Kamel , Rebbani Nacer
Published: May 2019

In this work, a non-toxic protonated kaolin clay exchanged with protons, was successfully applied as a solid acid catalyst for the polymerization of tetrahydrofuran (poly(THF)) at room temperature in the presence of acetic anhydride. Prior to using the kaolin as a catalyst, it was treated with HCl (0.1 M) and characterized using various analytical techniques. The amounts of catalyst and reaction time on the conversion of THF were investigated. Characterizations of nuclear magnetic Resonance of proton (1H-NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Optical Microscopy (OM), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) techniques were used to examine the resulting polymer. X-ray characterization and DSC data indicated that the obtained poly(THF) is a highly crystalline substance. The results showed that protonated kaolin (kaolin–H+) has a high catalytic activity for the polymerization of THF with a conversion rate of 50.02% after 20 hours.
Bio-kerosene and Bio-gasoil from Coconut Oils via Hydrocracking Process over Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 Catalyst
Authors: Al-Muttaqii Muhammad , Kurniawansyah Firman , Prajitno Danawati Hari , Roesyadi Achmad
Published: May 2019

In this study, hydrocracking of coconut oil over Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst was carried out in a batch reactor under different reaction temperature. Coconut oil is proposed as one of the potential feedstock for biofuel production. The Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method. The characterization of Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDAX), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The chemical composition of biofuel was analyzed by Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results from the GC-MS analysis showed that the hydrocracking reaction over 10 % (Ni-Fe)/HZSM-5 catalyst at temperature of 375 oC obtained the highest hydrocarbon content (contained 49.4% n-paraffin, 26.93 % isoparaffin, 3.58 % olefin) and the highest yield of bio-gasoil 38.6 % in the biofuel liquid hydrocarbon. Pentadecane (n-C15) and heptadecane (n-C17) were the most abundant hydrocarbon compounds in biofuel liquid hydrocarbon. Decarboxylation and/or decarbonylation was the dominant reaction pathways in this process. Based on the result, the reaction temperature had a significant effect on the distribution of biofuel composition and yield of biofuel from coconut oil.
Kinetic Study of Anaerobic Digestion of Ketchup Industry Wastewater in a Three-stages Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)
Authors: Sumantri Indro , Budiyono Budiyono , Purwanto Purwanto
Published: May 2019

The anaerobic digestion of the ketchup industry’s wastewater in a three-stage 60 L capacity baffled reactor has been studied. The effect of concentrations of the initial chemical oxygen demand (2727.3-12086.7 mg/L), on the ABR performance and kinetic models were investigated. The ABR performance was evaluated by measuring the concentrations of each compartment of the COD, calculating its percentage removal, and the acquired data were fitted to the kinetic models. From the initial input, the three-stage ABR successfully removed 90 % of COD, for the initial COD until the concentration was 5324.6 mg/L it achieved stationary phase with HRT 5-10 days, while for initial COD until the concentration was 12086.7 mg/L is attained, the stationary was at 10 days. The kinetic model of second order Grau was suitable for the data, with k2 of 0.6061 d-1 and R2 of 0.9955.
Kinetic of Anthocyanin Degradation in Roselle Extract Dried with Foaming Agent at Different Temperatures
Authors: Sasongko Setia Budi , Djaeni Mohamad , Utari Febiani Dwi
Published: May 2019

This research studied the effect of drying temperature on the kinetic of degradation anthocyanin in roselle extract drying with foam under dehumidified air at temperatures ranging 40-60 oC.  During the drying process, the anthocyanin content in the roselle extract was observed every 20 minutes for 120 minutes. The data was used for estimating the kinetic parameters of anthocyanin degradation namely constant of anthocyanins degradation rate and reaction order. The kinetic parameters were estimated and fitted with experimental data at various drying condition. Result showed that the anthocyanins degradation closed to the second order reaction. Meanwhile, the constant of anthocyanins degradation rate at various drying temperatures followed Arhenius correlation. With the result, retention of anthocyanin during the drying can be well estimated for various drying time and temperature.
Removal of Iron(II) Using Intercalated Ca/Al Layered Double Hydroxides with [α-SiW12O40]4-
Authors: Taher Tarmizi , Christina Mikha Meilinda , Said Muhammad , Hidayati Nurlisa , Ferlinahayati Ferlinahayati , Lesbani Aldes
Published: May 2019

Ca/Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) was successfully synthesized by co-precipitation method at pH 11 under room temperature condition then followed by calcination at 800 oC. The synthesized Ca/Al LDH was further intercalated with Keggin ion [α-SiW12O40]4- in order to prepare the intercalated form of Ca/Al LDH. The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and used as an adsorbent for iron(II) removal from the aqueous medium. The adsorption performance was investigated by studying the kinetics and thermodynamic properties of the adsorption process. The results showed that pristine Ca/Al LDH exhibited diffraction peak at 2θ about 20o which corresponds to the layer structure of the LDH material. For the intercalated Ca/Al LDH, the diffraction observed at 2θ around 30-40o indicated that the [α-SiW12O40]4- was successfully intercalated into the interlayer space of Ca/Al LDH. Furthermore, the intercalated Ca/Al LDH showed higher adsorption capacity toward iron(II) than the pristine form of Ca/Al LDH.
Preparation, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity of Tin (Antimony) Substituted and Lacunar Dawson Phosphotungstomolybdates for Synthesis of Adipic Acid
Authors: Guerroudj Mohamed Riad , Dermeche Leila , Mouheb Lynda , Mazari Tassadit , Benadji Siham , Rabia Chérifa
Published: May 2019

Tin (antimony) substituted and lacunar Dawson phosphotungstomolybdates (a1-K10P2W12Mo5ÿO61, a1-K8P2W12Mo5SnO61 and a-Cs4SnP2W12Mo6O62,and a-Cs3SbP2W12Mo6O62) were synthesized and characterized by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR), Visible Ultra Violet (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Their catalytic properties were examined in the oxidation reaction of cyclohexanone at 90 °C and that of cyclohexene at 70 °C to adipic acid (AA), in presence of hydrogen peroxide and in free solvent. The effects of catalyst/substrate molar ratios, hydrogene peroxide flow rate, heteropolysalt composition, and cyclohexanol addition on AA yields were studied. The Cs4SnP2W12Mo6O62 (the most efficient) led to 61 % of AA yield from the cyclohexanone oxidation using a catalyst/substrate molar ratio of 13.3×10-4, H2O2 flow rate of 0.5 mL/h, and a reaction time of 20 h.
Cyclohexanone Oxidation over H3PMo12O40 Heteropolyacid via Two Activation Modes Microwave Irradiation and Conventional Method
Authors: Idrissou Yasmina , Mouanni Sihem , Amitouche Dahbia , Mazari Tassadit , Marchal-Roch Catherine , Rabia Cherifa
Published: May 2019

The adipic acid (AA), important precursor for Nylon production, was synthesized from cyclohexanoneoxidation by two ways, microwaves irradiation and  conventional method (under reflux) using H3PMo12O40 heteropolyacid as catalyst in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. In the order to increase the AA yield, several parameters as cyclohexanone/catalyst ratio, H2O2 concentration, solvent nature (H2O, CH3CO2H, and CH3OH, CHCl3 and CH3CN) and cyclohexanol addition to cyclohexanone were examined.  For both activation modes, the highest AA yields are of 26-28%. Whereas, with microwaves irradiation, the time gain is much more attractive 30 min compared to 20 h.
Green Synthesis of [EMIm]Ac Ionic Liquid for Plasticizing MC-based Biopolymer Electrolyte Membranes
Authors: Ndruru Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo , Wahyuningrum Deana , Bundjali Bunbun , Arcana I Made
Published: May 2019

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are favorable power source devices at the last two decades, owing to high energy density, rechargeable, long life cycle, portable, safe, rechargeable, good performance and friendly environment. To support their development, in this research has been successfully prepared polymer electrolyte membrane, a main component of LIBs, based on 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIm]Ac) ionic liquid-plasticized methyl cellulose/lithium perchlorate (MC/LiClO4). [EMIm]Ac ionic  liquid was easy synthesized by metathesis reaction between 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([EMIm]Br) ionic liquid and potassium acetate (CH3COOK) at ambient temperature, for 1 hour. [EMIm]Ac ionic liquid was functional groups analyzed with Fourier Transform Infra-red (FT-IR) and structural analyzed with 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and 13C-NMR. [EMIm]Ac ionic liquid-plasticized MC/LiClO4 biopolymer electrolyte membrane was prepared by casting solution, with [EMIm]Ac ionic liquid content, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% (w/w). Effect of 15% (w/w) [EMIm]Ac ionic liquid incorporation to MC/LiClO4 showed the best condition and selected as the optimum condition with conductivity, tensile strength, elongation break, and thermal stability of 9.160×10-3 S.cm-1, 24.19 MPa, 36.43%, ~256 and ~370 ºC, respectively. These results confirm that [EMIm]Ac ionic liquid can plasticize biopolymer electrolyte membranes of MC/LiClO4 to be appealing performances to fulfill the LIB’s separator requirement. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved
The Optimised Statistical Model for Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Tapioca by Glucoamylase Immobilised on Mesostructured Cellular Foam Silica
Authors: Agustian Joni , Hermida Lilis
Published: May 2019

Enzymatic hydrolysis of starches using free glucoamylase to reducing sugars have difficulties in recovering and recycling of the enzyme, hence immobilisation on inert supports were widely studied. However, effectiveness of the immobilised glucoamylase were merely observed only on soluble starches. It was considered a valuable thing to know performance of glucoamylase on Mesostructured Cellular Foam (MCF) silica in hydrolysing of tapioca. An optimised study on enzymatic hydrolysis of tapioca using glucoamylase on MCF silica (9.2T-3D) and its kinetics were described including justification of the predicted model as it was required to develop in large scale operations. Central Composite Design was used to model the process by studying effects of three factors on DE values after enzyme immobilisation.  Immobilisation of glucoamylase on this support gave up to 82% efficiency with the specific activity of 1,856.78 U.g-1. Its used to hydrolysis of tapioca resulted DE values of 1.740-76.303% (w/w) where the highest DE was obtained at pH of 4.1, temperature of 70 ℃ and agitation speed of 140 rpm. The optimisation produced a polynomial quadratic model having insignificant lack-of-fit and low standard deviation, so that it was applicable and reliable in simulating the DE with only 0.80% of data were not described. Temperature affected the process highly, but the buffer pH, agitation speed and factorial interactions were considered not important. KM value for immobilised enzyme was better than the free glucoamylase, however, its reaction rate was slower than the free glucoamylase catalysis. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved
Synthesis of Chitosan/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Stabilized by Chitosan via Microwave Heating
Authors: Ahmad Yusof Nurul Amira , Mat Zain Norashikin , Pauzi Norlin
Published: May 2019

Nowadays, zinc oxide (ZnO) has attracted attention in research and development because of its remarkable antibacterial properties. Chitosan/ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via microwave heating. The objectives of this work were to investigate the effect of stabilizer, power heating and time heating on size of chitosan/ZnO nanoparticles and to determine antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria, where chitosan was used as a stabilizing agent. Chitosan/ZnO nanoparticles were analyzed  by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Zetasizer instrument. The power heating and time heating were varied from 400 to 800 Watt and 4 to 8 minutes, respectively. The presence of chitosan has role on preventing the nanoparticles from agglomeration by producing a milky solution of chitosan/ZnO nanoparticles without any suspensions. The increase of power  and time heating improved the size of nanoparticles. The peak in FTIR spectrum at around 427 cm-1 was confirmed the existence of the ZnO phase. XRD patterns showed that the chitosan/ZnO nanoparticles materials were pure phase with average crystalline size is 130 nm. FESEM revealed that chitosan/ZnO nanoparticles were uniformly distributed with the mean value of size is 70 nm and spherical shaped. Further impact of power and time heating on the size of the chitosan/ZnO nanoparticles can be shown by a nanoparticles size distribution with the average of 30 to 90 nm. The results showed that chitosan/ZnO nanoparticles have displayed an antibacterial inhibition zone against Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli which 16.0 and 13.3 mm, respectively. Chitosan/ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized in this work presented have potential application to prevent bacterial infections.
Ethanol Dehydrogenation to Acetaldehyde over Activated Carbons-Derived from Coffee Residue
Authors: Ob-eye Jeerati , Praserthdam Piyasan , Jongsomjit Bunjerd
Published: May 2019

This study focuses on the production of acetaldehyde from ethanol by catalytic dehydrogenation using activated carbon catalysts derived from coffee ground residues and commercial activated carbon catalyst. For the synthesis of activated carbon catalysts, coffee ground residues were chemical activated with ZnCl2 (ratio 1:3) followed by different physical activation. All prepared catalysts were characterized with various techniques such as nitrogen physisorption (BET and BJH methods), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD and NH3-TPD), X-ray Difraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dehydrogenation of vaporized ethanol was performed to test the catalytic activity and product distribution. Testing catalytic activity by operated in a fixed-bed continuous flow micro-reactor at temperatures ranged from 250 to 400 °C. It was found that the AC-D catalyst (using calcination under carbon dioxide flow at 600 °C, 4 hours for physical activation) exhibited the highest catalytic activity, while all catalysts show high selectivity to acetaldehyde (more than 90%). Ethanol conversion apparently increased with increased reaction temperature. At 400 ºC, the AC-D catalyst gave the highest ethanol conversion of 47.9% and yielded 46.8% of acetaldehyde. The highest activity obtained from AC-D catalyst can be related to both Lewis acidity and Lewis basicity because the dehydrogenation of ethanol uses both Lewis acid and Lewis basic sites for this reaction. To investigate the stability of catalyst, the AC-D catalyst showed quite constant ethanol conversion for 10 h. Therefore, the synthesized activated carbon from coffee ground residues is promising to be used in dehydrogenation of ethanol.
Evaluation of Low Cost-Activated Carbon Produced from Waste Tyres Pyrolysis for Removal of 2-Chlorophenol
Authors: Manirajah Kanchana , Sukumaran Sheela V. , Abdullah Nor Nasuha , Razak Hazirah A. , Ainirazali Nurul
Published: May 2019

A low cost Activated Carbon (AC) was prepared by using waste tyres as raw material for the removal of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP). The AC adsorbent was prepared and activated by pyrolysis process at 900 ºC under constant nitrogen flow. The physical properties of the AC produced was characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). The influence of initial adsorbate concentration, pH and adsorbent dosage on the removal of 2-CP in the batch-operational mode at ambient temperature were also investigated. The results obtained showed the AC presence of an amorphous carbon with high BET surface area and a total pore volume of 208 m2.g-1 and 0.5817 cm3, respectively. The highest adsorption capacity of 2-CP by the AC absorbent was achieved at an initial concentration of 10 mg.L-1, pH 5, and adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g in the first 10 min of contact time. This finding proves that the low cost-AC produced from waste tyres can be utilized for an effective removal of chemical plant wastewater containing toxic chlorine substances. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved
Highly Conductive and Soluble Polymer Synthesized by Copolymerization of Thiophene with Para-Methoxybenzaldehyde Using Clay Catalyst
Authors: Kherroub Djamal Eddine , Bouhadjar Larbi , Boukoussa Bouhadjar , Rahmouni Abdelkader , Dahmani Khadidja , Belbachir Mohammed
Published: May 2019

This present research focuses on the synthesis of a new conducting polymer based on the copolymerization of thiophene with para-methoxybenzaldehyde, using a clay as an ecologic catalyst named Maghnite-H+. The catalysis of the reaction by Maghnite-H+ can confer it important benefits, such as the green environment aspect. The reaction was carried out in dichloromethane as a solvent. The new copolymer obtained is a poly (heteroarylene methines) small bandgap polymers precursor. It can be considered as a useful model system for examining the impacts of π-conjugation length on the electronic properties of this type of conjugated polymers. The measurements of the electrical conductivity gave a value of order of 0.0120 W.cm-1, allowing its use in various important applications. The characteristics of the molecular structure and the thermal behavior of the conducting polymer obtained are also discussed using different methods of analysis, such as: proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA).
Kinetic Study of Saponin Extraction from Sapindus rarak DC by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Methods
Authors: Nafiunisa Aininu , Aryanti Nita , Wardhani Dyah Hesti
Published: May 2019

Saponin is an important plant-derived compound that is commonly found in sapindaceae plants, such as Sapindus rarak DC. Saponin is extensively used in plenty of industries as a detergent or emulsifying agent in cleansers, shampoos, and cosmetics. The extraction of saponin was previously studied and shows that the extraction assisted by ultrasonic waves was found to be an effective method. However, the previous studies have rarely examined the extraction kinetic study of the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). In the present study, the extraction of saponin from Sapindus rarak DC and its extraction kinetics is conducted. The results show that the highest saponin yield of 354.92 (mg of saponin per gram of dry feed) was obtained from the extraction using a solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio of 1:50 (w/v) at 50 °C. The amount of extracted saponin increased with the increase of extraction temperature as well as the solute ratio in the solution. However, increasing the temperature to 60 °C decreased the saponin yield. The results of a simple kinetics study of saponin extraction also show that the second-order kinetics model can better describe the UAE process, with an R2 value of 0.929 and a rate coefficient of 0.00495 L.g-1.min-1. The experimental results agree well with the practical calculations obtained using the second-order kinetics model based on an average error of 6.79%.
Synthesis of Enantioenriched 3‐Amino‐3‐Substituted Oxindoles by Stereoselective Mannich Reaction Catalyzed by Supported Bifunctional Thioureas.
Authors: Rodríguez‐Ferrer Patricia , Sanz‐Novo Miguel , Maestro Alicia , Andrés José M. , Pedrosa Rafael
Published: May 2019

Enantioenriched 3‐amino‐3‐substituted oxindoles have been obtained by addition of different nucleophiles to N‐Boc ketimines derived from isatin catalyzed by chiral bifunctional supported thioureas. The Mannich reaction occurs with excellent enantioselection, but poor diastereoselection when prochiral nucleophiles were used. The supported catalyst were recovered and reused for five times without loss of activity. The mixture of diastereoisomers formed when a prochiral structure was used as nucleophile was converted into a single enantioenriched pyrazolyl derivative.

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Use of a crossing suture to correct caudal septal deviations
Authors: Joo Yeon‐Hee , Cho Hyun‐Jin , Jeon Yung Jin , Kim Sang‐Wook
Published: May 2019

Background

Septoplasty usefully treats patients with nasal obstructions caused by septal deviations. However, correction of a caudal septal deviation remains surgically challenging; no standard procedure is available, although various procedures have been introduced. In this work we propose a simple, safe, and time‐saving technique for patients with caudal septal deviations.

Methods

The medical records of 50 patients with caudal septal deviations who underwent septoplasty using a crossing‐suture technique from October 2016 to October 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative nasal obstruction status and patient satisfaction with their surgical outcomes were subjectively evaluated using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score and telephone interview, respectively. Pre‐ and postoperative endoscopic findings were evaluated and postoperative complications developing during follow‐up were recorded.

Results

The NOSE scores of all patients improved after septoplasty. The mean score fell from 13.46 to 3.97, and this change was significant (p < 0.0001). No complication related to use of the crossing suture was encountered.

Conclusion

The crossing‐suture technique is a simple, safe, and useful surgical option for correction of caudal septal deviations.
Specific Generation of Singlet Oxygen through the Russell Mechanism in Hypoxic Tumors and GSH Depletion by Cu‐TCPP Nanosheets for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Chao , Cao Fengjuan , Ruan Yudi , Jia Xiaodan , Zhen Wenyao , Jiang Xiue
Published: May 2019

The generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) during photodynamic therapy is limited by the precise cooperation of light, photosensitizer, and oxygen, and the therapeutic efficiency is restricted by the elevated glutathione (GSH) levels in cancer cells. Herein, we report that an ultrathin two‐dimensional metal–organic framework of Cu‐TCPP nanosheets (TCPP=tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin) can selectively generate 1O2 in a tumor microenvironment. This process is based on the peroxidation of the TCPP ligand by acidic H2O2 followed by reduction to peroxyl radicals under the action of the peroxidase‐like nanosheets and Cu2+, and their spontaneous recombination reaction by the Russell mechanism. In addition, the nanosheets can also deplete GSH. Consequently, the Cu‐TCPP nanosheets can selectively destroy tumor cells with high efficiency, constituting an attractive way to overcome current limitations of photodynamic therapy.
Dependence or Independence: Which Is the Dirty Word?
Authors: Furlong Mark
Published: May 2019

We are suspicious of the mob, the gang, the enmeshed relationship. We also know no one can be an island. Our heroes tend to be loners – the solo detective, those who live free under the stars – but we esteem individuals who devote themselves to others. We want to belong, but we don't want to be owned. Like a game of Snakes and Ladders, there are trap‐doors and escalators in the theme Dependence or independence: Which is the dirty word? This paper explores the frisson and the conflicts in the complex relationships between dependence and independence. Following an introductory vignette, a schematic account is presented of the diverse ways ‘dependence’ and ‘independence’ can be theoretically interpreted including by systems theory. A deeper attention is then paid to honouring the importance of ‘dependence’ and ‘independence’ as key referents in everyday subjectivity. A first‐person account of mental illness is drawn on to illustrate this theme. A final section examines the implications for family therapy practice that arise from the above analysis.
Characterization of UV‐curable adhesives containing acrylate monomers and fluorosurfactant and their performance in dye‐sensitized solar cells in long‐term thermal stability tests
Authors: Chiang Tzu Hsuan , Chen Chun Hsiung , Wei Tzu‐Chien
Published: May 2019

Electrolytes were injected through holes in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and the holes were subsequently sealed with UV‐curable adhesives containing different types of acrylate monomers and different amounts of fluorosurfactants, which were found to affect the performance of the DSSCs during long‐term stability tests. The efficiency (η) of the DSSCs' conversion of light to electricity is an important parameter. The corrosion potential (Ecorr) toward the liquid electrolyte and the adhesion strength of the UV‐curable adhesives to fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) glass affected the efficiency of DSSCs during long‐term thermal stability tests. The UV‐curable adhesive containing 10.0 wt % of acrylic acid (AA) monomer and 3.0–4.0 wt % of fluorosurfactant, when used to seal DSSC devices, led to the best DSSC performance of η = 4.1% during a 45‐day long‐term thermal stability test. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47948.
Magnetically aligning multilayer graphene to enhance thermal conductivity of silicone rubber composites
Authors: Shi Yangyang , Ma Wenshi , Wu Li , Hu Dechao , Mo Jinpeng , Yang Bo , Zhang Shuanghong , Zhang Zhilin
Published: May 2019

The increasing demand for packaging materials calls for new technologies to achieve excellent thermal conductivity of polymer composites with low content of thermal conductive filler. This article prepared a kind of magnetically functionalized multilayer graphene (Fe3O4@MG) via electrostatic interactions, which efficiently enhanced the thermal conductivity of silicone rubber (SR) composites by the alignment of Fe3O4@MG in an external magnetic field. The morphology and structure of the Fe3O4@MG together with the thermal conductivity of corresponding Fe3O4@MG/SR composites were systematically investigated by SEM, TEM, XRD, elemental mapping, and thermal conductivity tester. The obtained results showed that Fe3O4@MG was induced to form chain‐like bundles in silicone rubber matrix under the applied magnetic field, which enhanced the MG–MG interaction, and formed effective thermal pathways in the alignment direction. Furthermore, as coating mass ratio of Fe3O4@MG increased, the thermal conductivity of randomly oriented Fe3O4@MG/silicone rubber composites (R‐Fe3O4@MG/SR) decreased gradually, whereas the through‐plane thermal conductivity of vertically aligned Fe3O4@MG/silicone rubber composites (V‐Fe3O4@MG/SR) increased even filled with same contents of thermal conductive filler. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47951.
Multiple colic intussusceptions
Authors: Tzedakis Stylianos , Flacs Meredith , Besse Benjamin , Goere Diane
Published: May 2019

Adult large bowel intussusception represents a small minority of intestinal intussusceptions. Main causes involve primary or secondary bowel malignancies. Although multiple small intestine intussusceptions have already been reported, simultaneous large bowel intussusceptions have not been described in the literature so far.
Ultrafine particle deposition in a realistic human airway at multiple inhalation scenarios
Authors: Dong Jingliang , Shang Yidan , Tian Lin , Inthavong Kiao , Qiu Dasheng , Tu Jiyuan
Published: May 2019

The scarcity of regional deposition data in distal respiratory airways represents an important challenge for current toxicology and pharmacology research. To bridge this gap, a realistic airway model extending from nasal and oral openings to distal bronchial airways with varying pathway length was built in this study. Transport and deposition characteristics of naturally inhaled ultrafine particles (UFPs) ranging from 1 to 100 nm were numerically investigated, and effects of different inhalation scenarios were considered. To enable intercase particle deposition comparison, an adjusted parameter, unified deposition enhancement factor (UDEF), was proposed for quantifying the localised deposition concentration. Results show that compartment particle deposition peaked around the ultrafine end of the considered size range, and it dropped rapidly with the increase of particle size. Different inhalation modes caused notable deposition changes in the extrathoracic region, while its effects in the TB airway are much less. For UFPs larger than 10 nm, predicted deposition efficiencies in all compartments are all at lowest levels among considered particle size range, implying UFPs ranging from 10 to 100 nm can travel through the whole respiratory airway model and escape to the alveolar region. Furthermore, high enhancement factors were observed at the vicinity of most bifurcation apexes, and more even UDEF distribution was observed from 1‐nm particle cases. While for 100‐nm cases, the deposited particles tend to concentrate at few “hot spots” (areas of high deposition concentration in relation to surrounding surfaces) with greater UDEF in the tracheobronchial airway.
Mono‐/Multinuclear Water Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Qiaoqiao , Guan Jingqi
Published: May 2019

Water splitting, in which water molecules can be transformed into hydrogen and oxygen, is an appealing energy conversion and transformation strategy to address the environmental and energy crisis. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is dynamically slow, which limits energy conversion efficiency during the water‐splitting process and requires high‐efficiency water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) to overcome the OER energy barrier. It is generally accepted that multinuclear WOCs possess superior OER performances, as demonstrated by the CaMn4O5 cluster in photosystem II (PSII), which can catalyze the OER efficiently with a very low overpotential. Inspired by the CaMn4O5 cluster in PSII, some multinuclear WOCs were synthesized that could catalyze water oxidation. In addition, some mononuclear molecular WOCs also show high water oxidation activity. However, it cannot be excluded that the high activity arises from the formation of dimeric species. Recently, some mononuclear heterogeneous WOCs showed a high water oxidation activity, which testified that mononuclear active sites with suitable coordination surroundings could also catalyze water oxidation efficiently. This Review focuses on recent progress in the development of mono‐/multinuclear homo‐ and heterogeneous catalysts for water oxidation. The active sites and possible catalytic mechanisms for water oxidation on the mono‐/multinuclear WOCs are provided.
Tripodal O‐N‐O Bis‐Phenolato Amine Titanium(IV) Complexes Show High in vitro Anti‐Cancer Activity
Authors: Abid Mohammed , Nouch Ryan , Bradshaw Tracey D. , Lewis William , Woodward Simon
Published: May 2019

The octahedral titanium(IV) complexes trans,mer‐[Ti{R3N(CH2C6H2‐2‐O‐4‐R2‐6‐R1)2}2] (R1 = Me, OMe, Cl; R2 = Me, OMe, F, Cl; R3 = Me, Et; not all combinations) are synthesised in two steps from simple phenols in 36–53 % overall yield. The highly crystalline (4 X‐ray structures) complexes are active against MCF‐7 (breast) and HCT‐116 (colon) cancer cell lines showing widely varying GI50 values in the range 1–100 µM depending on R1–R3. Highest activities are realised when R1 = OMe and R2, R3 = Me (GI50 ca. 1 µM for MCF‐7 and 2–3 µM for HCT‐116). These are respectively 8× and 3× times greater than the activities of cisplatin in the same cell lines. These titanium complexes show some significant selectivity for cancer cell lines; up to 7× higher in MCF‐7 compared to non‐cancer (MRC‐5) fibroblast cells. Details of cellular mode of action indicators (cell cycle perturbation, Annexin V, γ‐H2AX, and caspase studies) that point to an apoptosis mode for the most active compound (R1 = OMe and R2, R3 = Me) are also reported.||||||
Solid phase extraction of trace level Ag(I) using Coriolus versicolor immobilized magnetic nanoparticles and its determination by ICP‐OES
Authors: Serkan Yalçın M.
Published: May 2019

In the recent past, biosorbents of biological origin such as bacteria, algae, and fungus have found a specific application in the solid phase extraction as an alternative column packing material. It is feasible to use them in the column after their immobilization onto a convenient support material. In the present work, alternative biosorbent Coriolus versicolor immobilized γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared for the preconcentration of trace amounts of Ag(I) in environmental samples. The surface structure of C. versicolor immobilized γ‐Fe2O3 NPs were identified via the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the scanning electron microscope, and the energy dispersive X‐ray. Experimental parameters were investigated. The following elution with 1 mol/L HCl, Ag(I) was measured by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. The limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and preconcentration factor were achieved as 0.0018, 0.0062 ng/ml, and 100, respectively. The biosorption capacity of the biosorbent was found as 31.7 mg/g. In addition, γ‐Fe2O3 NPs without C. versicolor were tested and the results showed that the recovery value of Ag(I) was lower than 25%. The efficiency of the method was tested through recovery measurements of certificated reference materials and high recoveries (≥95%) with low‐relative standard deviation were obtained. Additionally, it was successfully used for the quantification recovery of Ag(I) in spiked environmental samples. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13151, 2019
Load effects on spatial working memory performance are linked to distributed alpha and beta oscillations
Authors: Proskovec Amy L. , Wiesman Alex I. , Heinrichs‐Graham Elizabeth , Wilson Tony W.
Published: May 2019

Increasing spatial working memory (SWM) load is generally associated with declines in behavioral performance, but the neural correlates of load‐related behavioral effects remain poorly understood. Herein, we examine the alterations in oscillatory activity that accompany such performance changes in 22 healthy adults who performed a two‐ and four‐load SWM task during magnetoencephalography (MEG). All MEG data were transformed into the time‐frequency domain and significant oscillatory responses were imaged separately per load using a beamformer. Whole‐brain correlation maps were computed using the load‐related beamformer difference images and load‐related accuracy effects on the SWM task. The results indicated that load‐related differences in left inferior frontal alpha activity during encoding and maintenance were negatively correlated with load‐related accuracy differences on the SWM task. That is, individuals who had more substantial decreases in prefrontal alpha during high‐relative to low‐load SWM trials tended to have smaller performance decrements on the high‐load condition (i.e., they performed more accurately). The same pattern of neurobehavioral correlations was observed during the maintenance period for right superior temporal alpha activity and right superior parietal beta activity. Importantly, this is the first study to employ a voxel‐wise whole‐brain approach to significantly link load‐related oscillatory differences and load‐related SWM performance differences.
Integrated Omics Reveals Tollip as an Regulator and Therapeutic Target for Hepatic Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury in Mice
Authors: Yan Zhen‐Zhen , Huang Yong‐Ping , Wang Xin , Wang Hai‐Ping , Ren Fei , Tian Rui‐Feng , Cheng Xu , Cai Jie , Zhang Yan , Zhu Xue‐Yong , She Zhi‐Gang , Zhang Xiao‐Jing , Huang Zan , Li Hongliang
Published: May 2019

Hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury is the leading cause of liver dysfunction and failure after liver resection or transplantation and lacks effective therapeutic strategies. Here, we applied a systematic proteomic analysis to identify the prominent contributors to IR‐induced liver damage and promising therapeutic targets for this condition. Based on an unbiased proteomic analysis, we found that toll‐interacting protein (Tollip) expression was closely correlated with the hepatic IR process. RNA sequencing analysis and phenotypic examination showed a dramatically alleviated hepatic IR injury by Tollip deficiency both in vivo and in hepatocytes. Mechanistically, Tollip interacts with apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and facilitates the recruitment of tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 6 (TRAF6) to ASK1, leading to enhanced ASK1 N‐terminal dimerization and the subsequent activation of downstream mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Furthermore, the Tollip methionine and phenylalanine motif and TRAF6 ubiquitinating activity are required for Tollip‐regulated ASK1–MAPK axis activation. Conclusion: Tollip is a regulator of hepatic IR injury by facilitating ASK1 N‐terminal dimerization and the resultant c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase/p38 signaling activation. Inhibiting Tollip or its interaction with ASK1 might be promising therapeutic strategies for hepatic IR injury.
The effect of modified electrospun PCL‐nHA‐nZnO scaffolds on osteogenesis and angiogenesis
Authors: Rahmani Amin , Hashemi‐Najafabadi Sameereh , Eslaminejad Mohamadreza Baghaban , Bagheri Fatemeh , Sayahpour Forough Azam
Published: May 2019

Large bone defects treatment is one of the challenges in current bone tissue engineering approaches. Various strategies have been proposed to address this issue, among which, prevascularization by coculturing of angiogenic and osteogenic cells on the scaffolds can alleviate this problem. In the present study, modified fibrous scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning and subsequent ultrasonication of polycaprolactone (PCL) containing nano‐hydroxyapatite (n‐HA), with/without nano‐zinc oxide (n‐ZnO), and polyethylene oxide [PEO] as a sacrificial agent. The physical, mechanical, and chemical characteristics of the scaffolds were evaluated. The results showed the presence of n‐ZnO, which in turn increased Young's module of the scaffolds from 5.5 ± 0.67 to 6.7 ± 1.77 MPa. Moreover, MTT, SEM, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, and real‐time RT‐PCR were utilized to investigate the biocompatibility, cell adhesion and infiltration, osteoconductivity, angiogenic properties, and expression of osteogenic and angiogenic related genes. ALP assay showed that the highest enzyme activity was noted when the modified scaffolds containing n‐ZnO were seeded with HUVEC:hBMSC at the cell ratio of 1:5. CAM assay showed induction of angiogenesis for the scaffolds containing n‐ZnO. Real‐time RT‐PCR results showed significant upregulation of angiogenic related genes. Thus, the scaffolds containing n‐ZnO may have great potential for osteogenesis and angiogenesis in tissue engineering applications.
Mass spectrometry combined with affinity probes for the identification of CP4 EPSPS in genetically modified soybeans
Authors: Devi Shobha , Chu Pei‐Yu , Wu Bo‐Hung , Ho Yen‐Peng
Published: May 2019

Sample preparation methods used for genetically modified organisms (GMOs) analysis are often time consuming, require extensive manual manipulation, and result in limited amounts of purified protein, which may complicate the detection of low‐abundance GM protein. A robust sample pretreatment method prior to mass spectrometry (MS) detection of the transgenic protein (5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase [CP4 EPSPS]) present in Roundup Ready soya is investigated. Liquid chromatography‐multiple reaction monitoring tandem MS (nano LC‐MS/MS‐MRM) was used for the detection and quantification of CP4 EPSPS. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and concanavalin A (Con A)‐immobilized Sepharose 4B were used as selective probes for the separation of the major storage proteins in soybeans. AuNPs that enable the capture of cysteine‐containing proteins were used to reduce the complexity of the crude extract of GM soya. Con A‐sepharose was used for the affinity capture of β‐conglycinin and other glycoproteins of soya prior to enzymatic digestion. The methods enabled the detection of unique peptides of CP4 EPSPS at a level as low as 0.5% of GM soya in MRM mode. Stable‐isotope dimethyl labeling was further applied to the quantification of GM soya. Both probes exhibited high selectivity and efficiency for the affinity capture of storage proteins, leading to the quantitative detection at 0.5% GM soya, which is a level below the current European Union's threshold for food labeling. The square correlation coefficients were greater than 0.99. The approach for sample preparation is very simple without the need for time‐consuming protein prefractionation or separation procedures and thus presents a significant improvement over existing methods for the analysis of the GM soya protein.
Compressive force‐induced autophagy in periodontal ligament cells downregulates osteoclastogenesis during tooth movement
Authors: Chen Liyuan , Mo Shenzheng , Hua Yongmei
Published: May 2019

Background

Autophagy has recently emerged as a protective mechanism in response to compressive force and an important process in maintenance of bone homeostasis. It appears to be involved in the degradation of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of compressive force‐induced autophagy in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in regulating osteoclastogenesis of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).

Methods

An OTM model and compressive force on PDL cells were employed to investigate the expression of autophagy markers in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Autophagosomes and autolysosomes were observed in PDL cells by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and autophagy LC3 double labelling. 3‐Methyladenine (3‐MA) and rapamycin were respectively used to inhibit and promote autophagy, and the effect of autophagy on osteoclastogenesis was explored via microcomputed tomography, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, histochemistry of titrate‐resistant acid phosphatase, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in vivo. Receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) was investigated by RT‐PCR and ELISA in vitro.

Results

Orthodontic force‐induced autophagy was prominent on the pressured side of PDL tissues. Administration of 3‐MA downregulated bone density and upregulated osteoclasts, while rapamycin had reverse results in OTM. The autophagy activity increased initially then decreased in PDL cells during compressive force application and responded to light force. In PDL cells, administration of 3‐MA upregulated while rapamycin downregulated the RANKL/OPG ratio.

Conclusion

Autophagy is activated by compressive force in PDL cells. Besides, it could modulate OTM by negatively regulating osteoclastogenesis and keep bone homeostasis via RANKL/OPG signaling.
Investigating functional properties of barberry species: an overview
Authors: Sarraf Mozhdeh , Beig Babaei Adel , Naji‐Tabasi Sara
Published: May 2019

The introduction of new crops and the development of the use of wild plants creates the potential to diversify global food production and better enable local adaptation to the diverse and changing environments that humans inhabit. Barberry is widely distributed worldwide and is recognized as a valuable plant. In this review, we summarize the functional compounds and nutraceutical features of barberry species. Barberry plants have fruits, flowers, leaves, stems and roots. All of these parts contain very important compounds, such as anthocyanins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, vitamins and minerals, etc., which have been used for many years in traditional medicine. These compounds have a strong impact on human health and can be used as a painkiller, as well as for the relief of fever, diarrhea and vomiting. They are also useful for curing liver and vascular problems and preventing many diseases. One of the most important functional compounds in the barberry plant is berberine, which exists in its different parts. Studies have shown that berberine in barberry reduces cholesterol and blood glucose. It can help to prevent Alzheimer's and neoplastic diseases. Furthermore, it has antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. According to the investigations, barberry plant derivations can be considered as useful additives and functional compounds in various industries, especially in the food industry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry