bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapy-Assisted Growth after Parental Suicide: From a Personal and Professional Perspective
Authors: Dalke David
Published: May 2005

This article depicts the experiences of two young girls and their coping and growing strategies following the suicide of their father. Carolyn and Kristin were five and nine years old respectively at the time of their dad's death. After three years of intensive counseling they and their therapist, wrote this article concerning ways children and adolescents can adjust to a parental suicide. Hallmarks of meaningful growth and healing include embracing all confused feelings, i.e., guilt, anger, abandonment, embarrassment, sadness, fear of losing the surviving parent, and changes. The underlying theme of the adjustment is found in the therapist's belief that the girls can and will make it through the traumatic event, as they endeavor to reaffirm their own lives. Hope is found in dealing with their father's suicide openly and honestly.
Children, Death, and Fairy Tales
Authors: Lamers Elizabeth P.
Published: May 2005

This article examines the evolution and transformation of themes relating to death and dying in children's literature, using illuminating parallels from historical demographics of mortality and the development of housing. The classic fairy tale “Little Red Riding Hood” is used to draw these trends together.
Crisis Intervention in Acute Grief
Authors: Williams W. Vail , Polak Paul , Vollman Rita R.
Published: May 2005

This paper describes a clinical research project2 beginning its third year of operation at the Fort Logan Crisis Unit which is designed to test the hypothesis that primary preventive intervention around the specific crisis of sudden and accidental death can actually decrease the risk of psychiatric illness, medical illness, and social disturbance experienced by families exposed to the crisis.
Technical versus Non-Technical Students: Does Emotional Intelligence Matter?
Authors: Fatt James Poon Teng
Published: May 2005

Intellectual Quotient (IQ) has long been considered in education as the deciding factor in a person's success but have we overlooked emotional intelligence (EI) in determining one's success in life? In my attempt to reexamine the acceptance of EI, I studied the difference in EI between different groups of undergraduates in Singapore in terms of their field of study, gender and university. The sample comprised undergraduates from Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and National University of Singapore (NUS), with a fair mix of gender and field of study. From their responses to an EI questionnaire, it was found that there was no significant difference in EI between undergraduates who study technical and non-technical courses, as well as between undergraduates of NTU and NUS, although male undergraduates achieved higher EI scores than female undergraduates.
The Form of the Experimental Paper: A Realization of the Myth of Induction
Authors: Gross Alan G.
Published: May 2005

The experimental paper is conventionally organized into four sections: Introduction, Methods and Materials, Results, and Discussion. Why these particular sections? Why this particular order? My answer is that the experimental paper is an instantiation of a myth that induction is philosophically unproblematic, that it can lead unproblematically to reliable knowledge about the natural world. Because induction as a path to reliable knowledge is, in fact, problematic, scientists need to retain this myth to continue to do science undeterred by doubts concerning the value of their task.
Effects of a Psychiatric Liaison Program on Internists' Ability to Assess Psychosocial Problems
Authors: Thompson Troy L. , Stoudemire Alan , Mitchell Wayne D.
Published: May 2005

The ability to assess psychosocial problems of a group of primary care internal medicine residents education in a relatively unstructured psychiatric liaison program was compared to a group of internists who had no specialized psychiatric training. The primary care residents did not demonstrate a superior ability to assess patients' psychosocial problems when compared to internists without such training. The effectiveness of such unstructured liaison experiences (i.e., the Balint model of group supervision and teaching conferences) is questioned. The authors suggest that the main benefit of such informal approaches may lie in gaining initial attitudinal and administrative acceptance by nonpsychiatric physicians of liaison teaching programs. Formally structured, supervised learning experiences are probably necessary to effectively enhance internists' clinical skills and behaviors in dealing with the psychosocial and psychiatric aspects of medical care.
A Factor Analytic Inquiry into the Multidimensionality of Death Anxiety
Authors: Nelson L. D. , Nelson C. C.
Published: May 2005

The multidimensionality of the concept of death anxiety is highlighted and previous attempts to clarify the concept are reviewed. Advantages of the factor analytic method of concept elaboration are presented. A study is reported in which four dimensions of death anxiety were identified and a test instrument for the measurement of each dimension constructed. A group of 135 students and a statewide probability sample of 1279 respondents were used in the study. The dimensions of death anxiety identified are death avoidance, death fear, death denial and reluctance to interact with the dying. Relationships between factor scores and unfactored index scores are discussed.
Cadaveric Renal Transplant Failure: The Short-Term Sequelae
Authors: Rodin Gary , Voshart Karen , Cattran Daniel , Halloran Phillip , Cardella Carl , Fenton Stanley
Published: May 2005

Quality of life was evaluated in 103 patients initially when each was placed on the waiting list for a cadaveric transplant. Patients who were not transplanted were reassessed six months after being placed on the waiting list. Patients who received a transplant were reassessed six months after the surgery. Cadaveric transplantation was performed in sixty-three patients by the time of follow-up. The mortality rate of 12.7 percent in transplanted patients after six months was more than twice that in patients who remained on the waiting list without a transplant, but this difference was not statistically significant. There was a graft failure rate of 23.6 percent among transplanted patients who survived six months. Graft failures were associated with some deterioration in subsequent physical activity ( F = 5.4, p < 0.03) but not in psychosocial functioning. Successful cadaveric transplants were associated with a marked and significant improvement in psychosocial well-being ( F = 10.5, p < 0.002) after six months even though physical activity did not increase. These findings suggest that 1) a successful cadaveric transplant is associated with an improved quality of life, 2) the graft failure rate of 23 percent with cadaveric transplantation is still appreciable but 3) graft failure is not necessarily associated in the short term with deterioration in psychosocial well-being.
Emotional Intelligence and Task Performance
Authors: Schutte Nicola S. , Schuettpelz Edward , Malouff John M.
Published: May 2005

Theory and some empirical research suggest that there is a relationship between emotions and performance on cognitive tasks. The construct of emotional intelligence may provide a vehicle for exploring the connection between emotions and cognitive task performance. The present study tested the hypotheses that: a) individuals with higher emotional intelligence would perform better on cognitive tasks; and b) they would be better able to deal with the frustration or helplessness that may result from encountering very difficult tasks. Participants recruited from community and university settings participated in a study in which their emotional intelligence was assessed and they worked on three sets of anagrams. The first set of anagrams was moderately difficult, the second set was very difficult, and the third set was again moderately difficult. The first hypothesis was supported in that participants higher in emotional intelligence solved more problems on the first set of moderately difficult anagrams. The second hypothesis was supported in that the participants higher in emotional intelligence solved more problems after encountering a very difficult and frustrating set of problems, even when initial performance was held constant. The results suggest that study of the emotional intelligence construct holds promise for better understanding and perhaps in the future enhancing cognitive task performance.
Adolescents' Perception of HIV/AIDS and Their Attitude to its Prevention in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Asuquo P. N. , Ekuri E. E. , Asuquo A. E. , Bassey D. A.
Published: May 2005

The study investigated adolescents' perception of HIV/AIDS and their attitude to preventive programs. Subjects were 500 students (220 males and 280 females), ages 13 to 16 years, drawn from 10 secondary schools in Calabar, Nigeria. Data were obtained using a questionnaire developed by the researchers. Data analysis indicates that significant gender differences exist in terms of perception of HIV/AIDS in favor of the males. Significant positive relationship also was found between adolescents' perception of HIV/AIDS and attitude toward HIV/AIDS preventive programs.
Diagnosis and Management of Late Life Depression: A Guide for the Primary Care Physician
Authors: Conn David K. , Steingart Allan B.
Published: May 2005

Objective:

The purpose of this article is to provide a brief and practical approach for the primary care physician regarding the recognition, diagnosis, and management of depression in elderly patients.

Method:

Empirical evidence and current recommendations regarding the recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of depression are reviewed as the basis for this approach. Appropriate modifications for geriatric depression are added where indicated.

Results:

The recommendations are listed by category and briefly explained.

Conclusions:

It is important to be vigilant for the variety of depressive presentations that occur in older primary care patients. Neurological causes of depression (such as stroke), suicide, and a longer time to recovery are all more frequent concerns in older depressed patients.
Loss of the Kin-Keeper?: Sibling Conflict Following Parental Death
Authors: Fuller-Thomson Esme
Published: May 2005

This study explores the relationship between sibling conflict and parental loss. Logistic regression analysis of the first wave of the National Survey of Families and Households ( n = 8,654), indicates that respondents who have experienced the death of at least one parent and those who have a parent in ill-health are more likely to report that they do not get along well with a sibling. Older respondents, African Americans, Hispanics, and respondents in good or excellent health are less likely to have conflict with a sibling. Sibling conflict may have serious consequences for the exchange of sibling support in old age. Implications of these findings for research, practice, and policy are discussed.
Death, Grief, and Solidarity: The Polytechnique Case
Authors: Lévy Joseph J. , Sansfaçon Daniel , Samson Jean-Marc , Champagne Louise
Published: May 2005

Following the massacre of fourteen women at Ecole Polytechnique, in December 1989, the content (affective, social, religious, feminist, and anti-masculinist) of 690 condolence messages written by the public at two French universities (Université de Montréal and Université du Québec à Montréal) were compared. The results show that this event did not trigger a homogeneous social reaction, but rather different ones, according to sex and university, suggesting that social investment factors play a role in the codification of events related to public deaths.
Psychotropic Drugs in Somatic Disorders
Authors: Solow Charles
Published: May 2005

Current trends in the employment of psychotropic medication in somatic illness are considered, and some of the theoretical issues raised by this practice are explored. While much further clinical investigation is needed, a review is made of currently available knowledge regarding psychopharmacotherapy in specific clinical settings: pain, delirium, ischemic heart disease, gastrointestinal disorders, dermatological illness, and in renal, hepatic and pulmonary insufficiency.
Powerlessness in Terminal Care of Demented Patients: An Exploratory Study
Authors: A˚kerlund Britt Mari , Norberg Astrid
Published: May 2005

Five caregivers in dementia care were interviewed about their ambivalent feelings toward spoon-feeding a severely demented patient. The caregivers were first inclined to recommend the use of a naso-gastric tube, but after a thorough discussion of the ethical aspects of this subject, they became more and more reluctant to use tube-feeding. Although tube-feeding was regarded as an easier way to provide nourishment, spoon-feeding was preferred because it provides more human contact and love. The act of spoon-feeding could be interpreted as a symbolization of love.
A Multicomponent Minimal Intervention Health Promotion Program: Preliminary Results
Authors: Spoth Richard , Dush David M.
Published: May 2005

This article reports two preliminary studies examining whether a minimal intervention cardiac risk education program incorporating behavioral components to enhance self-efficacy could effectively change health behaviors. The first study utilized a quasi-experimental design in evaluating workshop outcome among 131 AFL-CIO union members. A MANCOVA performed on self-report and physiological outcome measures suggested a significant difference between treatment and waiting list control groups, primarily in the area of nutrition. In the second true experimental study, participants were 307 “at-risk” employees of a local school system. A MANCOVA at a four month follow-up revealed significant differences in several reported health behaviors including Type A behavior, smoking, and nutrition. Results also showed the program's effectiveness was consistent across sex, age, and severity of participants' health risk. Implications for further research on the cost-effectiveness of brief health promotion interventions are discussed in light of the observed impact and the high level (80%) of employee interest and participation.
The Application of Competency-Based Education to Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry: II. Intervention Knowledge and Skills
Authors: Houpt Jeffrey L. , Weinstein Harvey M. , Russell Michael L.
Published: May 2005

Although psychological and pharmacological intervention is an important aspect of the treatment of patients seen in consultation on medical and surgical wards, little attention has been directed to the method of training psychiatric residents in these areas. In this paper, the authors continue the application of the competency-based model of training to the problems of clinical intervention. Behavioral objectives are presented as a focus for residency supervision and their application to a clinical situation is illustrated. The objectives are designed to consider the activities of the consulting psychiatrist as he relates to the patient as well as other members of the treatment milieu.
Health Educators: Change Agents or Techno/Peasants?
Authors: Collin David F.
Published: May 2005

Technology has become such a potent force in industrialized society that it influences virtually every aspect of our daily lives. Electronics, energy and genetic engineering are having major effects on society and the individual. Yet the role of technology in health largely has been ignored in public health literature, research and training. Health education has a valuable part to play in the process of this technological application but health educators need to become better informed about the nature of current technologies and their accompanying social issues. They also need to learn how to apply new technology to their profession. The question is whether the change agents to the future will be the educators, organizers, activists and human helpers who have trained for the task of fostering social and individual change or the technocrats who change our social fabric almost inadvertently in the process of inventing a more competitive microchip or mutant bacterium?
United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Contributions to International Population Programs
Authors: Ravenholt Reimert T.
Published: May 2005

Since its inception in 1965, and especially since passage of the Title X Amendment to the Foreign Assistance Act in 1968, the population program of the United States Agency for International Development (AID) has grown rapidly to become the principal source of assistance to population and family planning programs in developing countries. At the current annual level of $125 million, AID provides more than 60 per cent of the resources available for international population program assistance. AID obligations for this program now total more than $0.5 billion. This paper describes the allocation of these resources by six functional categories: (a) demographic and social data, (b) population policy, (c) fertility control research, (d) family planning services, (e) information, education, and communication systems, and (f) manpower and supportive institutions. Noteworthy projects in each category are discussed. With continued strong support from the United States and increasing contributions from other countries, it should be possible for the world community to make great strides toward making family planning information, and the most effective and acceptable means of fertility control fully available to all persons of reproductive age in the developing world during the current decade.
A Selected Review of the Literature of Adjustment to Hemodialysis
Authors: Blodgett Christopher
Published: May 2005

The manner in which dialysis patients respond to the stress of chronic renal failure has been focused on in an active body of research. The general approach to the concept of adjustment is critically reviewed and its implications for research considered. A number of important selected factors are reviewed and conclusions in each of the areas are presented. Specific problems are defined and alternative approaches proposed.
Firewalking versus Hypnosis: A Preliminary Study concerning Consciousness, Attention, and Fire Immunity
Authors: Pekala Ronald J. , Ersek Barrett
Published: May 2005

This study assessed the subjective effects associated with firewalking, and compared them with the subjective effects associated with hypnosis and a baseline condition (eyes closed sitting quietly). Twenty-seven subjects, who walked over hot coals during a firewalk ceremony, completed questionnaires about what they subjectively experienced during the firewalk. Their experiences were subsequently compared with those of subjects ( n = 246) who experienced hypnosis and a baseline condition. The data suggested that firewalking, as assessed across all subjects, is characterized by high levels of volitional control and rationality, and a very absorbed attentional style wherein the mind is one-pointed, and consciousness is characterized by strong feelings of joy and high levels of internal dialogue. Firewalking was also found to be associated with significantly more joy, one-pointedness of thought, absorption, and internal dialogue than hyponosis or the baseline condition. In addition, a cluster analysis suggested two subgroups of firewalkers based on their subjective experiences of the firewalk. Interestingly, analyzing the attentional experiences among these firewalkers who got slightly burned, versus those who did not, revealed significant differences. A one-pointed and absorbed attentional focus may be the critical variable for the fire immunity observed in firewalking.
The Expression of Bipolar Affective Disorders in Brain Injured Patients
Authors: Zwil Alexander S. , McAllister Thomas W. , Raimo Eric
Published: May 2005

Objective:

A prospective study was designed to investigate the varied presentations of major affective disorders in patients with organic brain disease.

Method:

Patients admitted to our neuropsychiatry service, with affective and behavioral disturbances, and known neurological disorders, were classified, on phenomenological grounds, into the following groups: 1) elated mania; 2) irritable mania; 3) affective lability with periods of irritability, but without other symptoms pathognomonic for mania; and 4) intermittent psychosis with absent or ambiguous mood changes.

Results:

A majority of patients in all four groups responded to pharmacotherapy with anti-cycling agents.

Conclusions:

It is proposed that these groups represent different expressions of mania in brain injured persons, and that these expressions range through a spectrum of phenomenology, included elated mania, irritable mania, episodic psychosis and explosive organic personality disorder. The DSM-III-R classification of these disorders, and approaches to their clinical management, are discussed.
Moral Imagination in Long-Term Care Workers
Authors: Black Helen K.
Published: May 2005

Our study focused on the cultural construction of dying and death in long-term care facilities. This article centers on direct care workers' perspective of residents' deaths. The data on which this article is based were gathered in a multi-year, multi-site study through formal ethnographic interviews, informal conversations, and on-site observations of residents and staff members. During fieldwork, we noticed an aptitude of direct care workers to deal with residents' deaths, which we named “moral imagination.” The term is borrowed from other disciplines to describe a “way of seeing” residents. The case studies presented—that of three direct care workers: a dietary aide, a nurse aide, and an assistant activities director—are suggestive of workers in each category. Our study offers implications for future research concerning direct care workers' value to residents' quality of life. We also propose questions for long-term care facilities about standards of formal caregiving at the end of life.
Health Behavior Research toward Health for All: Issues and Schema
Authors: Li Virginia C.
Published: May 2005

Health behavior research is concerned with the social, cultural and psychological determinants of health. Implicit in this is a focus on action that will lead to real-world improvements in health for the individual and in the community. Research in this area should not lose this focus. Programmatic needs must be understood if support is to be gained from policy makers. Along with the relevance of research, staff training is a key part of bridging the gap between the discovery of new knowledge and action to improve health.
The Impact of Urbansim on Death and Dying among Black People in a Rural Community in Middle Tennessee
Authors: Hill Arthur C.
Published: May 2005

Urbanism and technology brought profound and far-reaching changes in the manner in which black people in the rural South prepare for and celebrate the funeral ritual. The moment of death, the funeral rituals, and the period of mourning afterwards have all been affected by urbanism. Hard-surfaced roads and the telephone have accelerated the spread of the “bad news.” The automobile has made possible much larger attendance at funerals, and the airplane has dramatically reduced the period of “mourning” for the dead. Perhaps nowhere else have these changes been more evident than in an obscure community in the Cumberland Mountains of middle Tennessee.
Psychological Aspects of Life Support
Authors: Swensen Clifford H.
Published: May 2005

Psychologists have done little research on the psychological aspects of life support. Research in other areas of psychology has produced results applicable to the life support situation, however. The results of directly and indirectly applicable research indicate that both patients and their intimates suffer less psychological distress if those who have a close positive relationship with the patient maintain emotional closeness to the patient and participate in making decisions concerning life support. Decisions to end treatment are difficult because ending treatment changes the social structure and identity of the survivors. Death is less stressful if the death comes at the right time of life, and the process of dying is neither too long nor too short. People feel less distress if they have appropriate information concerning the situation and have some control.
Computer Applications in an Aviation Training Environment
Authors: Trollip Stanley R. , Johnson William B.
Published: May 2005

Computers have been gradually integrated into an aviation curriculum in both pilot and maintenance training. Applications cover a wide range from Computer-Managed Instruction through simulation, particularly in the area of maintenance troubleshooting and instrument flying. Planned integration of these applications into the traditional curriculum, combined with an empirical formative evaluation process, has contributed to overwhelming acceptance and instructional effectiveness.
Production of a Multisource, Real-Time, Interactive Lesson in Anatomy and Surgery: Corn Demonstration
Authors: Dev Parvati , Srivastava Sakti , Gutierrez David , Senger Steven , Jones Neil F. , Steadman Randolph H. , Relan Anju , Wilkerson Luann , Smith Chadwick F. , Akeson Wayne H. , Johansen W. Edward
Published: May 2005

During Internet2's 2002 Fall Member Meeting in Los Angeles, the California Orthopaedic Research Network (CORN) demonstrated a unique distributed learning environment that sought to enrich medical student understanding of hand anatomy and surgery. Live, streaming video of an orthopedic surgical procedure at UCLA Medical Center was combined with related stereoscopic “virtual hand” images from Stanford, to teach participants at a third location. Medical students, anatomists, and surgeons at these remote but connected sites valued the simultaneous real-time interactions among the different venues. A number of technical issues were resolved during this exercise. This article describes the process of arranging such a demonstration and summarizes the lessons learned from our experience so that this innovative pedagogical approach can be successfully adopted on a broader scale.
A Not So Modest Proposal: Technology and Tomorrow's School
Authors: David Brother Austin
Published: May 2005

This paper examines the use of the technology of the electric typewriter and the electronic calculator in the curriculum of the elementary school. Each technology will be looked at in context of the historical development of the skill which each technology implies, viz., communication and calculation respectively.

A summary section will discuss the significance of each technology as it pertains to current and future curricula. As controversy waxes and wanes periodically over the training of future writers, this paper points out an interesting issue, instruction in elementary school.
Does Widowhood or Remarriage have the Greater Impact on the Academic Achievement of Children?
Authors: Jeynes William H.
Published: May 2005

Using the NELS data set from the 1988–1992 period, the results of this study indicate that how one views the relative effects of widowhood and remarriage may depend largely on two factors: 1) at what age the children are studied and 2) whether one controls for SES. First, parental widowhood and remarriage exerted a greater downward impact on academic achievement for the 8th grade cohort than the 12th grade cohort. Second, whether SES variables were used in the analysis had a small impact. Parental widowhood exerted greater downward pressure on academic achievement when SES variables were not included in the analysis than when they were included. Overall, parental remarriage had a greater negative impact on the academic achievement of children than parental widowhood did. These results are somewhat different from the results found in a similar study which examined the relative effects of divorce and remarriage following divorce (Jeynes, 1998a). The possible reasons for both of these differing effects are discussed.
Scientific Jargon, Good and Bad
Authors: Hirst Russel
Published: May 2005

Scientific and technical jargon—specialized vocabulary, usually Latinate—plays a vital role in scientific and technical communication. But its proper use continues to be a point of discussion because of our concern with audience adaptation, rhetorical exigence, rhetorical purpose, and ethics. We've focused on teaching students—and on convincing scientists, engineers, and other writers/speakers—to gear their specialized language to the recipients of their communication, to the occasion calling for their communication, to what they wish to accomplish through their communication, and to the ethical goals of safety, helpfulness, empowerment, and truth. These are exactly the sorts of things we should be doing. My contribution to this conversation is a reinforce ment and, I hope, an extension of the argument that we should also be teaching and convincing students and professionals: 1) to fully appreciate what makes jargon either good or bad; 2) to carefully distinguish jargon usage from other aspects of scientific and technical style; and 3) to recognize that in every context, even in communication among experts, jargon should be used judiciously—that is, in the most helpful, least taxing way.
The Concept of Participation in a Program of Bronchial Asthma Control
Authors: Westphal Marcia Faria , Marcondes Ruth Sandoval , Sampaio Magda Maria S. Carneiro
Published: May 2005

An experiment involving the participation of mothers of asthmatic children was carried out at the Child Institute of the University of São Paulo, Brazil, a Children's Teaching Hospital. The experiment emphasized an intensive educational program input based on dialogue and problem solving involving both mothers and health professionals. The study demonstrated the possibilities of adoption of an open educational attitude by health professionals which permits participation of patients in a self-care process. It also helped to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practice of the mothers of asthmatic children.
Who Dies after Widow(Er)Hood? A Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Bowling Ann
Published: May 2005

A random sample of 503 elderly widowed people was flagged by the British Office of Population Censuses and Surveys for six years after their bereavement. Excess mortality after widow(er)hood was found for males aged seventy-five and over, in comparison with males of the same ages in the general population. Bivariate analyses showed a relationship between social, demographic, psychological, and some physiologically related variables (e.g., medication taking) and mortality. Multivariate analysis showed that the most powerful discriminating variables, independently associated with mortality, were: age seventy-five plus, a low happiness rating by interviewers, social class I and II, male sex, and having no one to telephone. It appears that those in older age groups and males may be more vulnerable after bereavement; it is also possible that certain social contact and a happier disposition may have modifying effects on the stress of bereavement and risk factors associated with subsequent mortality.
The Evaluation of Health and Safety Training
Authors: Vojtecky Michael A. , Berkanovic Emil
Published: May 2005

A national survey of individuals responsible for health and safety training at the workplace was conducted by self-administered mailed questionnaires in 1982–83. This analysis examines the responses to the questions on evaluation. Descriptive data on the extent to which health and safety training programs are being evaluated, the types of evaluation that are done, and the technical approaches used are presented. Results suggest that the majority of current training programs are being evaluated in some way, but also that a substantial portion of these evaluations are not rigorous and do not validly assess the extent to which training is effective.
Self-Reported Allergy-Related Symptoms and Psychological Morbidity in Primary Care
Authors: Euba R. , Chalder T. , Wallace P. , Wright D. J. M. , Wessely S.
Published: May 2005

Objective:

To examine the relationship between allergy-related symptoms, food intolerance and psychological distress in primary care.

Methods:

Two thousand three hundred and thirty two adults in five General Practices in the South of England completed questionnaires regarding allergy and psychological health.

Results:

There was a weak link between allergy-related symptoms and psychological symptoms, but no association was demonstrated between a history of diagnosed or treated asthma, eczema or hay fever and psychological morbidity. Cases of food intolerance had lower levels of psychological distress than expected compared to hospital samples. Current, but not past wheezing and eczema, was associated with an excess of life stresses in the previous six months.

Conclusions:

The association between psychological distress and the label of food allergy/intolerance found in specialist care does not extend to primary care.
Distinguishing Depression and Trait Anxiety in Terms of Basic Dimensions of Temperament
Authors: Mehrabian Albert
Published: May 2005

The PAD Temperament Model provides a framework for the analysis of adjusted and maladjusted personality characteristics. Extrapolating from findings bearing on the model, it was hypothesized that Trait Anxiety and Depression have substantial similarities, but differ with respect to Trait Arousability. Consistent with the hypotheses, Depression involved unpleasant and submissive characteristics and a marginal positive contribution from Trait Arousability. Trait Anxiety also involved unpleasant and submissive temperament attributes, but included a stronger positive contribution from Trait Arousability. Thus, the anxious were significantly more arousable than the depressed. Furthermore, the depressed were found to be significantly more submissive than the anxious. Findings were related to alternative theoretical approaches to depression and anxiety. Implications regarding suicide risks and drug treatments of the two conditions were discussed.
The Balance between AID for Social and Economic Development and AID for Population Control
Authors: Revelle Roger
Published: May 2005

The rich countries can best help the poor ones to lower their rates of population growth by providing assistance, including assistance for family planning, that will help to improve the conditions of life for the majority of the population in such a way that they will want and have fewer children. Although there is considerable empirical evidence for this position, it cannot be either proven or disproven on statistical grounds and must be based on political and moral reasons, as well as statistical ones. For the people most directly concerned, a reduction in the rate of population growth is not an end in itself, but only one of the factors needed to improve their conditions of life. These factors include, besides a lower ratio of children to adults, the following: rational urbanization, rising incomes, introduction of modern agricultural practices, more education, improved health services, higher levels of employment and education for women, better communications, greater opportunities for socioeconomic mobility, and reductions in infant and child mortality. Undue concentration on population control will be counterproductive in the long run, even in purely pragmatic terms, and it can have little moral justification.
When Our Clients Sing their Blues
Authors: Ellis Richard R. , Dick Lois C.
Published: May 2005

Some grievers find it helpful to interact with a grief counselor, someone who is effective in aiding the grieving process. Here, we examine the parallels found between the interactions of grievers with their grief counselors and those of musical blues performers with their audiences. There is a traditional musical/lyrical form known as the blues; there are conventional instrumental musical accompaniments within the blues form; and there are accepted interactive behaviors between blues performers and their audiences. Similar conventions and traditions exist in grief counseling. The wellspring of the traditional blues/blues performance and of grief/grief counseling is the human need for expression.
Designing a Quick Reference Guide: A Teaching Case
Authors: Goodwin Dave
Published: May 2005

Designing a good quick reference guide is a complex rhetorical act. To motivate software users to read a quick reference guide, writers must “prove” to readers that it is not just an abbreviated user's manual in disguise, but a different rhetorical form entirely, one visually structured to allow readers to move about the text easily and effectively. Such a structure provides readers with a sense of progress: as they need fewer visual cues to find pertinent information, they demonstrate an “advance” in their skill and knowledge as users. Professional writers from Bell Northern Research, enrolled in the University of Waterloo's Language and Professional Writing Program, successfully attempted to meet this rhetorical challenge. They designed a quick reference guide for in-house use, and then provided a theoretical framework to ground and explain their visual design choices. This article is a teaching case: it offers a summary of the students' quick reference project, as well as the instructor's theoretical reflections on how visual design can motivate readers to read and use documentation.
Attrition of Women Business Majors in an Urban Community College
Authors: Karlen Janice M.
Published: May 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify intervention protocols that would reduce the attrition of women Business Administration and Business Management majors at an urban community college. Academic progress data were reviewed and surveys conducted to determine common bases for leaving the institution. College programs designed to improve persistence were examined in light of these findings. The need for support mechanisms throughout the freshman year and extending into the second year of a student's academic program was identified.
The Lithium Toxic Patient in the Medical Hospital: Diagnostic and Management Dilemmas
Authors: Ramchandani Dilip , Schindler Barbara A.
Published: May 2005

Objective:

Patients with lithium toxicity can pose difficulties in diagnosis and management in the general hospital setting. The authors examined patients who were referred to the Psychiatric Consultation-Liaison Service with suspicion of lithium overdose to delineate and characterize medical and psychiatric risk factors for toxicity and to follow the course and resolution of their toxicity.

Method:

The authors reviewed the charts of patients with lithium levels >1.5 mEq/L who were admitted consecutively to a general hospital over an 18-month period.

Results:

Of twelve patients, eight were found to have developed lithium toxicity due to incidental and iatrogenic factors. These patients presented with a variety of confusing signs and symptoms. Hypothyroidism and coexisting organic illness contributed to the lack of clarity in their clinical picture.

Conclusion:

The widening scope of indication for lithium therapy leads to increased risk of toxic reactions which challenge the diagnostic skills of the consulting psychiatrist in a general hospital setting.
How Students and School Counselors Use College Computer Search Programs Differently
Authors: Bodenhorn Nancy
Published: May 2005

The ways in which students use a computer college search program on their own are compared with the ways in which school counselors use the same program. Twelve high school juniors completed two computer searches using the Peterson's College Quest Program, one alone and one with a counselor. Three major areas of differences were found. The lists of colleges resulting from the searches differed as a result of the factors selected. The use and understanding of the search process options presented in the computer program differed. Finally, the level of student frustration differed, which affected the decision-making approach. All students expressed more comfort and confidence in the search conducted with the counselor. School counselors need to recognize the potential difficulties that students using the computer college search independently experience in order to best utilize this technological tool.
Cognitive Failure and Chronic Pain
Authors: Dufton Brian D.
Published: May 2005

Relationships between pain variables, emotional functioning, and cognitive inefficiency as assessed by the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) were investigated. In general, the tendency to make cognitive errors was found to be related to emotional difficulties but to be unrelated to pain variables. Four explanations were proposed: First, that increased reports of cognitive and affective difficulties may reflect a “complaining” response set; second, that the constructs of cognitive inefficiency and affective distress overlap while the constructs of the former and pain do not; third, cognitive and affective dysfunction exist in a circular relationship; and finally, that high rates of cognitive failure may predispose pain patients to have subsequent difficulties with low mood.
Transforming Large Introductory Classes into Active Learning Environments
Authors: Duffrin Nancy , Dawes William , Hanson David , Miyazaki Joan , Wolfskill Troy
Published: May 2005

Faculty at the University at Stony Brook are transforming passive students in large introductory economics and chemistry classes and biology laboratories into active learners in that discipline. These classes are integrating the development of process learning skills into their course content. Important thinking and communicating skills are developed through cooperative group activities and projects, peer and self-assessment. Improving student skills essential to success in a discipline becomes a goal as explicit as the expectations for learning the conceptual content of the discipline. This article presents the specific projects in each of the three disciplines and some of the faculty development needed to effect change.
A Comparative Study of Student Teachers' Computer Use during the Practicum
Authors: Wang Yu-Mei
Published: May 2005

This study compared student teachers' computer use in two universities. Teacher education in the two universities took a different approach in providing computer training to preservice teachers. One offered a stand-alone computer training core course. The other integrated computer training into methods courses. The results revealed that student teachers' computer use was limited in both universities. The author discussed the implication of the result and various ways of computer integration in teacher education programs.
The ‘Research Magnificent’ in Late Life: Psychiatric Epidemiology and the Primary Health Care of Older Adults
Authors: Gallo Joseph J. , Rabins Peter V. , Iliffe Steve
Published: May 2005

Objective:

Primary care occupies a strategic position in the evaluation, treatment, and prevention of the mental disturbances of later life. This article highlights four themes that are crucial to understanding mental disturbances among older adults: 1) subsyndromal depression, 2) coexisting depression and anxiety, 3) comorbidity of depression and chronic medical conditions, and 4) risk factors for cognitive impairment.

Method:

The literature was selectively reviewed for each theme to ask the central question, “What can primary care physicians learn about mental disturbances of their older patients from epidemiologic and community studies?”

Results:

The primary care setting itself is an important venue for an examination of aging issues and mental health. Workers in the “middle ground of psychiatric epidemiology”—primary health care—have not yet reached a full appreciation for the value of research in the primary care setting for enhancing our understanding of the mental disturbances of late life, and how these intersect with other salient factors.

Conclusions:

Primary care physicians and others who work in primary care should advocate for further mental health integration and research in primary care. Research is needed that will lead to new ways of maximizing the health and quality of life of older adults and their families.
Archaeological Site Survey: Some Sociocultural Perspectives
Authors: Naylor Larry L.
Published: May 2005

Basically, this paper concentrates on two major ideas: 1) archaeologists have not utilized informants as much as they could or perhaps should in site survey; and, 2) the use of serious amateur archaeologists as sources of information on sites and site locations may be more efficient and effective than traditional site survey techniques that tend to emphasize only on-ground visitations. The paper stresses the idea that survey results can be improved upon given the development of increased sensitivity to the social/cultural environment in which the survey is to be undertaken and by broadening survey skills to encompass the identification, locating and interviewing of local informants.
Psychological Management of the CCU Patient
Authors: Hackett Thomas P. , Froese Arthur P. , Vasquez Ernesto
Published: May 2005

This Medical Psychology Forum deals with the response of a patient to the symptoms of myocardial infarction, to hospitalization and convalescence. The problem of delay is examined in the prehospital phase of the illness. The assessment of anxiety and depression in the CCU is discussed as is the role of denial.
Passive Smoking: Directions for Health Education among Malaysian College Students
Authors: Kurtz Margot E. , Johnson Shirley M. , Ross-Lee Barbara
Published: May 2005

This study investigated knowledge, attitudes, and preventive efforts of Malaysian college students regarding health risks associated with passive smoking, as well as possible directions for intervention and health education programs. Students responded anonymously to a structured written questionnaire. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine (1) differences in knowledge, attitudes, and preventive efforts between smokers and nonsmokers and between men and women; (2) the relationship between smoking by parents, siblings, and friends, and students' knowledge, attitudes, and preventive efforts; and (3) relationships between knowledge, attitudes, and preventive efforts. Peer groups and siblings had a substantial influence on students' attitudes toward passive smoking and their preventive efforts when exposed to passive smoke. A regression analysis revealed a statistically significant linear dependence of preventive efforts on knowledge and attitudes, with the attitude component playing the dominant role. This research suggests that educational efforts on passive smoking, directed toward young college students in developing countries such as Malaysia, should concentrate heavily on changing attitudes and reducing the effects of peer group and sibling influences.
Developing the Computer User Self-Efficacy (Cuse) Scale: Investigating the Relationship between Computer Self-Efficacy, Gender and Experience with Computers
Authors: Cassidy Simon , Eachus Peter
Published: May 2005

The article describes the development and validation of the 30-item Computer User Self-efficacy (CUSE) Scale. Self-efficacy beliefs have been identified as a factor which may contribute to the success with which a task is completed. Because of the increasing reliance on computer technologies in all aspects of life, it is important that the construct is measured accurately and appropriately. In particular, the article focuses on the measurement of computer self-efficacy in student computer users and its relevance to learning in higher education. The scale was found to have high levels of internal and external reliability and construct validity. Results also showed there to be significant positive correlations between CSE and computer experience, familiarity with computer software packages (which were significant predictors of CSE) and that owning a computer and computer training increased CSE. In addition, males showed significantly higher CSE than females. It is suggested that the scale may be used to identify individuals, in particular students, who will find it difficult to exploit a learning environment which relies heavily on computer technologies. Once identified, motivational and personal control issues can be addressed with these individuals.