bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety and Clinical Activity of a Combination Therapy Comprising Two Antibody-Based Targeting Agents for the Treatment of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Results of a Phase I/II Study Evaluating the Immunoconjugate Inotuzumab Ozogamicin With Rituximab
Authors: Fayad Luis , Offner Fritz , Smith Mitchell R. , Verhoef Gregor , Johnson Peter , Kaufman Jonathan L. , Rohatiner Ama , Advani Anjali , Foran James , Hess Georg , Coiffier Bertrand , Czuczman Myron , Giné Eva , Durrant Simon , Kneissl Michelle , Luu Kenneth T. , Hua Steven Y. , Boni Joseph , Vandendries Erik , Dang Nam H.
Published: January 2013

Purpose

Inotuzumab ozogamicin (INO) is an antibody-targeted chemotherapy agent composed of a humanized anti-CD22 antibody conjugated to calicheamicin, a potent cytotoxic agent. We performed a phase I/II study to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of INO plus rituximab (R-INO) for treatment of relapsed/refractory CD20+/CD22+ B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).

Patients and Methods

A dose-escalation phase to determine the MTD of R-INO was followed by an expanded cohort to further evaluate the efficacy and safety at the MTD. Patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma (FL), relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), or refractory aggressive NHL received R-INO every 4 weeks for up to eight cycles.

Results

In all, 118 patients received one or more cycles of R-INO (median, four cycles). Most common grade 3 to 4 adverse events were thrombocytopenia (31%) and neutropenia (22%). Common low-grade toxicities included hyperbilirubinemia (25%) and increased AST (36%). The MTD of INO in combination with rituximab (375 mg/m2) was confirmed to be the same as that for single-agent INO (1.8 mg/m2). Treatment at the MTD yielded objective response rates of 87%, 74%, and 20% for relapsed FL (n = 39), relapsed DLBCL (n = 42), and refractory aggressive NHL (n = 30), respectively. The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 68% (median, not reached) for FL and 42% (median, 17.1 months) for relapsed DLBCL.

Conclusion

R-INO demonstrated high response rates and long PFS in patients with relapsed FL or DLBCL. This and the manageable toxicity profile suggest that R-INO may be a promising option for CD20+/CD22+ B-cell NHL.
Palliative Radiation Therapy Practice in Patients With Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium (CanCORS) Study
Authors: Chen Aileen B. , Cronin Angel , Weeks Jane C. , Chrischilles Elizabeth A. , Malin Jennifer , Hayman James A. , Schrag Deborah
Published: January 2013

Purpose

Randomized data suggest that single-fraction or short-course palliative radiation therapy (RT) is sufficient in the majority of patients with metastatic cancer. We investigated population-based patterns in the use of palliative RT among patients with metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients and Methods

From patients diagnosed with lung cancer from 2003 to 2005 at a participating geographic or organizational site and who consented to the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium study, we identified patients with metastatic NSCLC who had complete medical records abstractions. Patient characteristics and clinical factors associated with receipt of palliative RT and RT intensity (total dose and number of treatments) were evaluated with multivariable regression.

Results

Of 1,574 patients with metastatic NSCLC, 780 (50%) received at least one course of RT, and 21% and 12% received RT to the chest and bone, respectively. Use of palliative RT was associated with younger age at diagnosis and receipt of chemotherapy and surgery to metastatic sites. Among patients receiving palliative bone RT, only 6% received single-fraction treatment. Among patients receiving palliative chest RT, 42% received more than 20 fractions. Patients treated in integrated networks were more likely to receive lower doses and fewer fractions to the bone and chest.

Conclusion

When palliative RT is used in patients with metastatic NSCLC, a substantial proportion of patients receive a greater number of treatments and higher doses than supported by current evidence, suggesting an opportunity to improve care delivery.
Hospital and Surgeon Volume in Relation to Survival After Esophageal Cancer Surgery in a Population-Based Study
Authors: Derogar Maryam , Sadr-Azodi Omid , Johar Asif , Lagergren Pernilla , Lagergren Jesper
Published: January 2013

Purpose

The influence of hospital and surgeon volume on survival after esophageal cancer surgery deserves clarification, particularly the prognosis after the early postoperative period. The interaction between hospital and surgeon volume, and the influence of known prognostic factors need to be taken into account.

Methods

A nationwide Swedish population-based cohort study of 1,335 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophageal resection in 1987 to 2005, with follow-up for survival until February 2011, was conducted. The associations between annual hospital volume, annual surgeon volume, and cumulative surgeon volume and risk of mortality were calculated with multivariable parametric survival analysis, providing hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs. HRs were mutually adjusted for the surgery volume variables and further adjusted for the prognostic factors age, sex, comorbidity, calendar period, tumor stage, tumor histology, and neoadjuvant therapy.

Results

There was no independent association between annual hospital volume and overall survival, and hospital volume was not associated with short-term mortality after adjustment for hospital clustering effects. A combination of higher annual and cumulative surgeon volume reduced the mortality occurring at least 3 months after surgery (P trend < .01); the HR was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.92) comparing surgeons with both annual and cumulative volume above the median with those below the median. These results remained when hospital and surgeon clustering were taken into account.

Conclusion

Because surgeon volume rather than hospital volume independently influences the prognosis after esophageal cancer surgery, centralization of this surgery to fewer surgeons seems warranted.
Patients’ views on improving sickle cell disease management in primary care: focus group discussion
Authors: Aljuburi Ghida , Phekoo Karen J , Okoye Nv Ogo , Anie Kofie , Green Stuart A , Nkohkwo Asaah , Ojeer Patrick , Ndive Comfort , Banarsee Ricky , Oni Lola , Majeed Azeem
Published: January 2013

Objectives

To assess sickle cell disease (SCD) patient and carer perspectives on the primary care services related to SCD that they receive from their general practitioner (GP).

Design

A focus group discussion was used to elicit the views of patients about the quality of care they receive from their primary healthcare providers and what they thought was the role of primary care in SCD management. The focus group discussion was video recorded. The recording was then examined by the project team and recurring themes were identified. A comparison was made with notes made by two scribes also present at the discussion.

Setting

Sickle Cell Society in Brent, UK.

Participants

Ten participants with SCD or caring for someone with SCD from Northwest London, UK.

Main outcome measures

Patients’ perceptions about the primary care services they received, and a list of key themes and suggestions.

Results

Patients and carers often bypassed GPs for acute problems but felt that GPs had an important role to play around repeat prescriptions and general health care. These service users believed SCD is often ignored and deemed unimportant by GPs.

Conclusion

Participants wanted the health service to support primary healthcare providers to improve their knowledge and understanding of SCD. Key themes and suggestions from this focus group have been used to help develop an educational intervention for general practice services that will be used to improve SCD management in primary care.
The effects of age on patient-reported outcome measures in total knee replacements
Authors: Williams D. P. , Price A. J. , Beard D. J. , Hadfield S. G. , Arden N. K. , Murray D. W. , Field R. E.
Published: January 2013

We present a comparison of patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) in relation to patient age, in patients who had received a total (TKR) or unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR). The outcome was evaluated using the Oxford knee score (OKS), EuroQol (EQ-5D) and satisfaction scores. Patients aged 65 to 84 years demonstrated better pre-operative function scores than those aged < 65 years (OKS, p = 0.03; EQ-5D, p = 0.048) and those aged ≥ 85 years (OKS, p = 0.03). Post-operative scores were comparable across age groups, but a linear trend for greater post-operative improvement in OKS and EQ-5D was seen with decreasing age (p < 0.033). The overall mean satisfaction score at six months was 84.9, but those aged <  55 years exhibited a lower mean level of satisfaction (78.3) compared with all other age groups (all p < 0.031). The cumulative overall two-year revision rate was 1.3%. This study demonstrates that good early outcomes, as measured by the OKS and EQ-5D, can be anticipated following knee replacement regardless of the patient’s age, although younger patients gain greater improvement. However, the lower satisfaction in those aged < 55 years is a concern, and suggests that outcome is not fully encapsulated by the OKS and EQ-5D evaluation, and raises the question whether the OKS alone is an appropriate measure of pain and function in younger, more active individuals.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:38–44.
Arthroscopic hip preservation surgery
Authors: Bedi A. , Kelly B. T. , Khanduja V.
Published: January 2013

The technical advances in arthroscopic surgery of the hip, including the improved ability to manage the capsule and gain extensile exposure, have been paralleled by a growth in the number of conditions that can be addressed. This expanding list includes symptomatic labral tears, chondral lesions, injuries of the ligamentum teres, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), capsular laxity and instability, and various extra-articular disorders, including snapping hip syndromes. With a careful diagnostic evaluation and technical execution of well-indicated procedures, arthroscopic surgery of the hip can achieve successful clinical outcomes, with predictable improvements in function and pre-injury levels of physical activity for many patients.

This paper reviews the current position in relation to the use of arthroscopy in the treatment of disorders of the hip.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:10–19.
Iatropathic brachial plexus injury
Authors: Jeyaseelan L. , Singh V. K. , Ghosh S. , Sinisi M. , Fox M.
Published: January 2013

We present our experience of managing patients with iatropathic brachial plexus injury after delayed fixation of a fracture of the clavicle. It is a retrospective cohort study of patients treated at our peripheral nerve injury unit and a single illustrative case report. We identified 21 patients in whom a brachial plexus injury occurred as a direct consequence of fixation of a fracture of the clavicle between September 2000 and September 2011.

The predominant injury involved the C5/C6 nerves, upper trunk, lateral cord and the suprascapular nerve. In all patients, the injured nerve was found to be tethered to the under surface of the clavicle by scar tissue at the site of the fracture and was usually associated with pathognomonic neuropathic pain and paralysis.

Delayed fixation of a fracture of the clavicle, especially between two and four weeks after injury, can result in iatropathic brachial plexus injury. The risk can be reduced by thorough release of the tissues from the inferior surface of the clavicle before mobilisation of the fracture fragments. If features of nerve damage appear post-operatively urgent specialist referral is recommended.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:106–10.
Segmental mobility, disc height and patient-reported outcomes after surgery for degenerative disc disease
Authors: Johnsen L. G. , Brinckmann P. , Hellum C. , Rossvoll I. , Leivseth G.
Published: January 2013

This prospective multicentre study was undertaken to determine segmental movement, disc height and sagittal alignment after total disc replacement (TDR) in the lumbosacral spine and to assess the correlation of biomechanical properties to clinical outcomes.

A total of 173 patients with degenerative disc disease and low back pain for more than one year were randomised to receive either TDR or multidisciplinary rehabilitation (MDR). Segmental movement in the sagittal plane and disc height were measured using distortion compensated roentgen analysis (DCRA) comparing radiographs in active flexion and extension. Correlation analysis between the range of movement or disc height and patient-reported outcomes was performed in both groups. After two years, no significant change in movement in the sagittal plane was found in segments with TDR or between the two treatment groups. It remained the same or increased slightly in untreated segments in the TDR group and in this group there was a significant increase in disc height in the operated segments. There was no correlation between segmental movement or disc height and patient-reported outcomes in either group.

In this study, insertion of an intervertebral disc prosthesis TDR did not increase movement in the sagittal plane and segmental movement did not correlate with patient-reported outcomes. This suggests that in the lumbar spine the movement preserving properties of TDR are not major determinants of clinical outcomes.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:81–9.
Predicting the cost-effectiveness of total hip and knee replacement
Authors: Jenkins P. J. , Clement N. D. , Hamilton D. F. , Gaston P. , Patton J. T. , Howie C. R.
Published: January 2013

The aim of this study was to perform a cost–utility analysis of total hip (THR) and knee replacement (TKR). Arthritis is a disabling condition that leads to long-term deterioration in quality of life. Total joint replacement, despite being one of the greatest advances in medicine of the modern era, has recently come under scrutiny. The National Health Service (NHS) has competing demands, and resource allocation is challenging in times of economic restraint. Patients who underwent THR (n = 348) or TKR (n = 323) between January and July 2010 in one Scottish region were entered into a prospective arthroplasty database. A health–utility score was derived from the EuroQol (EQ-5D) score pre-operatively and at one year, and was combined with individual life expectancy to derive the quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare QALYs gained between procedures, while controlling for baseline differences. The number of QALYs gained was higher after THR than after TKR (6.5 vs 4.0 years, p < 0.001). The cost per QALY for THR was £1372 compared with £2101 for TKR. The predictors of an increase in QALYs gained were poorer health before surgery (p < 0.001) and younger age (p < 0.001). General health (EQ-5D VAS) showed greater improvement after THR than after TKR (p < 0.001). This study provides up-to-date cost-effectiveness data for total joint replacement. THR and TKR are extremely effective both clinically and in terms of cost effectiveness, with costs that compare favourably to those of other medical interventions.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:115–21.
Should all twins and multiple births undergo ultrasound examination for developmental dysplasia of the hip?
Authors: Barr L. V. , Rehm A.
Published: January 2013

Twins are often considered to be at an increased risk of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH); we therefore investigated whether multiple births have a higher incidence of DDH, and if selective ultrasound scanning should be considered for these infants.

We reviewed our records of all live births between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2008 and included 25 246 single and 990 multiple births.

Multiple births did not have a significantly higher incidence of DDH compared with single births (0.0030 vs 0.0023, p = 0.8939). Of the 990 multiple births, 267 had neonatal ultrasound scans and one case of DDH was diagnosed and treated successfully with a Pavlik harness. There were two late-presenting cases at eight and 14 months of age, neither of whom had risk factors for DDH and consequently had not had a neonatal scan. Whereas selective ultrasound scanning of multiple births would have led to earlier detection and treatment of the late-presenting cases, they did not have a significantly higher incidence of DDH compared with single births.

We conclude that being a twin or triplet in itself is not a risk factor for DDH and that selective ultrasound scanning is not indicated for this population.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:132–4.
A comparative study of the outcomes of primary and revision lumbar discectomy surgery
Authors: Patel M. S. , Braybrooke J. , Newey M. , Sell P.
Published: January 2013

The outcome of surgery for recurrent lumbar disc herniation is debatable. Some studies show results that are comparable with those of primary discectomy, whereas others report worse outcomes. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of revision lumbar discectomy with that of primary discectomy in the same cohort of patients who had both the primary and the recurrent herniation at the same level and side.

A retrospective analysis of prospectively gathered data was undertaken in 30 patients who had undergone both primary and revision surgery for late recurrent lumbar disc herniation. The outcome measures used were visual analogue scales for lower limb (VAL) and back (VAB) pain and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).

There was a significant improvement in the mean VAL and ODI scores (both p < 0.001) after primary discectomy. Revision surgery also resulted in improvements in the mean VAL (p < 0.001), VAB (p = 0.030) and ODI scores (p < 0.001). The changes were similar in the two groups (all p > 0.05).

Revision discectomy can give results that are as good as those seen after primary surgery.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:90–4.
Severe open tibial fractures in combat trauma
Authors: Penn-Barwell J. G. , Bennett P. M. , Fries C. A. , Kendrew J. M. , Midwinter M. J. , Rickard R. F.
Published: January 2013

The aim of this study was to report the pattern of severe open diaphyseal tibial fractures sustained by military personnel, and their orthopaedic–plastic surgical management.The United Kingdom Military Trauma Registry was searched for all such fractures sustained between 2006 and 2010. Data were gathered on demographics, injury, management and preliminary outcome, with 49 patients with 57 severe open tibial fractures identified for in-depth study. The median total number of orthopaedic and plastic surgical procedures per limb was three (2 to 8). Follow-up for 12 months was complete in 52 tibiae (91%), and half the fractures (n = 26) either had united or in the opinion of the treating surgeon were progressing towards union. The relationship between healing without further intervention was examined for multiple variables. Neither the New Injury Severity Score, the method of internal fixation, the requirement for vascularised soft-tissue cover nor the degree of bone loss was associated with poor bony healing. Infection occurred in 12 of 52 tibiae (23%) and was associated with poor bony healing (p = 0.008). This series characterises the complex orthopaedic–plastic surgical management of severe open tibial fractures sustained in combat and defines the importance of aggressive prevention of infection.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:101–5.
Exam Corner – January 2013
Authors: Khanduja V.
Published: January 2013

The FRCS (Tr & Orth) examination has three components: MCQs, Vivas and Clinical Examination. The Vivas are further divided into four sections comprising Basic Science, Adult Pathology, Hands and Children’s Orthopaedics and Trauma. The Clinical Examination section is divided into Upper and Lower limb cases. The aim of this section in the Journal is to focus specifically on the trainees preparing for the exam and to cater to all the sections of the exam. The vision is to complete the cycle of all relevant exam topics (as per the syllabus) in four years.
From Motorcars to Surgery: A Historical Review of the Late Lord Nuffield
Authors: Boulton R , Handa A
Published: January 2013

Medical and surgical practices have changed considerably over the last century. The discovery of antibiotics and vaccines dramatically reduced mortality, and advancements in anaesthesia and imaging led to the possibility of increasingly complex and lengthy surgical procedures. This period in the history of medicine coincides neatly with the British motorcar revolution, of which William Morris was at the forefront. As one of Britain's most generous philanthropists, Morris shaped the advancement of medicine and education.
Assessing the Accuracy of Clinical Coding in Orthopaedic Day Surgery Patients
Authors: Razik A , Venkat-Raman V , Haddad FS
Published: January 2013

The NHS is funded via a 'payment by results' system, whereby hospitals are paid for the work they do instead of being allocated a certain amount to spend each year. Every patient treated in hospital is coded to a Healthcare Resource Group (HRG) based on the specifics of his or her admission. There are numerous HRGs, with each one reflecting particular levels of resources that would have been used.
Introduction to Theatre and Basic Surgical and Anaesthetic Skills: A New Theatre Induction Course for Medical Students
Authors: Knight WRC , Glaysher MA , Wheble GAC
Published: January 2013

Traditionally, the operating theatre is a suboptimal educational setting for medical students. It is an unfamiliar learning environment for those new to clinical medicine, with its own rituals, protocols and etiquette. Learning objectives are not defined clearly and many students perceive the time spent in the operating department as being of little or no educational benefit. Furthermore, most students receive very little or no formal induction into the theatre environment and this has a negative impact on learning behaviours and, indeed, patient safety.
Consultant Versus Trainee Laparoscopic Pyloromyotomy: Is there a Difference in Outcome?
Authors: Zaman S , Lee ACH , Curry JI
Published: January 2013

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is a common cause of vomiting in infants. IHPS was a condition with significant associated mortality until 1912 when ramstedt introduced the operative procedure pyloromyotomy. Since then, mortality rates have reduced significantly owing to early recognition, correction of associated biochemical abnormalities and operative treatment. More recently, the management of IHPS has been modified by the introduction of the laparoscopic pyloromyotomy, first described almost two decades ago.
Family matters
Authors: Williams Norman
Published: January 2013

I and my colleagues from Barts and the London recently applied to the National institute for Health Research (NIHR) and were shortlisted for a HealthTechnology Cooperative grant to help forge better links with the medical technology industry. In doing so, we hope together to develop innovative techniques to treat gastrointestinal disorders and implement them on a much wider scale.
The new tri-collegiate specialty dental membership examinations – an update
Authors: Ibbetson Richard
Published: January 2013

The Royal College of Surgeons devotes considerable resources to running high-quality examinations. This reflects their commitment to maintaining and developing standards of patient care while also supporting colleagues through their professional development.
Peri-Operative Strategies in the Management of Patients with Proximal Femur Fractures in 2011: A National Survey of Orthopaedic Specialist Trainees
Authors: Forrester R , Refaie R , Bonner T , Eardley W
Published: January 2013

Currently estimated at 70,000 per annum, the incidence of hip fractures in the UK is predicted to reach over 91,000 by 2015. Despite this burden of injury, a relative evidence void exists regarding the basic global peri-operative care of patients with proximal femur fractures managed in orthopaedic units across the UK.
Report from the Sheffield Documentary Film Festival, 2009
Authors: Bingham Adam
Published: January 2013

A report of the international Sheffield Documentary Film Festival 2009.
Shall We Depart from Globalization Ring? Hollywood Remakes of East Asian Films and the Emergence of Cultural Reinvasion
Authors: Wang Shaojung Sharon
Published: January 2013

From the global perspective, remakes of foreign movies are of concern in that what is made is not merely a story, but a whole host of cultural signifiers (Schneider, 2002). The accelerating interest of Hollywood studios in East Asian blockbuster remakes, and their recent successes,
has prompted Hollywood to widely expand its horizon in the East and also has raised global awareness of East Asian talents. More importantly, despite the film remake business being economically driven, it has inevitably evolved the discussion on the changing dynamic of American film hegemony
under the weight of global information flow. This paper begins by clarifying what is meant by a movie remake and providing examples of recent Hollywood remakes of East Asian movies. Three films will then be evaluated and synopsized to reveal key socio-cultural aspects of East Asian cinema.
Through a globalization discourse, this paper sets out to illustrate the danger of cultural reinvasion to the Asian popular culture industry.
Living on the Edge: The Vestigial World of Adoor Gopalakrishnan's Elippathayam/Rat Trap
Authors: Ganguly Suranjan
Published: January 2013

Set against the backdrop of his native Kerala-the locale of virtually all his films—Adoor Gopalakrishnan has produced a loose trilogy which focuses on the vestiges of feudalism. The trio-Elippathayam/Rat Trap (1981), Vidheyan/ The Servile (1993), and Kathapurushan/The Man of the
Story (1995)—feature men from land—owning families who grapple with the challenge of living in a post—feudal society. These films are, in effect, is a study of a consciousness shaped by the destructive ideology of a system that has lost its historical frame of reference.
To make a mockery of keeping such a system alive is to court neurosis and perversion.
From the Archives of a Cinéphile: On the Stuff Dreams Are Made of
Authors: Cooper Darius
Published: January 2013

This article explains how the author's love of cinema developed from his early childhood years spent living in India.
Emergent National Discourses: Mythmaking and the National Story in Taiwanese Roadtrip Films
Authors: Lo Dennis
Published: January 2013

The Taiwanese New Cinema (TNC) seems as fresh and relevant today in academic circles as the films actually were in the 1980s and early 1990s, with the rapidly rising popularity of Sinophone cinema studies. Relatively little emphasis, however, seems to be placed on the harsh reality
that the TNC is by all practical measures, a relic of a currently non-existent Taiwanese film industry. The year 2007 saw the concomitant releases of not one, but a series of roadtrip films. Roadtrip narratives are as effective in one mythical space over another when it comes to the production
of "national" discourses.
Knots in the Head: Interview with Michael Glawogger
Authors: MacDonald Scott
Published: January 2013

An interview with Michael Glawogger whose documentary practice takes him where the dirty work of the world is done. In his “Globalization Trilogy,” including the recent Whores’ Glory, he often puts himself in harm’s way to reveal the surreality of what for much of the world is the normal.
Eclectic Dialectics: William Klein’s Documentary Method
Authors: O’Rawe Des
Published: January 2013

This essay examines the relations between documentary style and political sensibility in the cinema of William Klein. It is structured around cultural phenomena that have remained integral to his artistic career, and encourages a more thorough engagement with the work of this diverse, inventive, and important filmmaker.
Alcune riflessioni sull' ἐνάργεıα dall' Ars rhetorica di Pseudo-Dionigi di Alicarnasso
Authors: Berardi Francesco
Published: January 2013

Many modern scholars have studied in detail the phenomenon of vividness (gr. ἐνάργεıα; lat. evidentia) in ancient rhetorical texts; however, they have neglected to examine two important testimonies included in an Ars rhetorica ascribed to Dionysius of Halicarnassus, but in fact to be ascribed to an anonymous rhetorician who probably lived in the third century AD.

In these two passages the anonymous rhetorician faces some issues concerning the stylistic evidence that have not been previously studied. He analyzes the relationship between the vividness of the text and the use of everyday language, aimed to enhance realistic effects of discourse. This paper aims to present a detailed analysis of the comments offered by the anonymous rhetorician, that will help to define some peculiar aspects of stylistic vividness of the language in discourse.
“What Need is There of Words?” The Rhetoric of Lű's Annals (Lűshi chunqiu)
Authors: Garrett Mary M.
Published: January 2013

This essay introduces Lű's Annals (Lűshi chunqiu), a classical Chinese text with a wealth of material on rhetoric. Not only does the text evaluate numerous examples of persuasion and sophistry, it also lays out a system of rhetorical precepts grounded in a distinctive ontology, that of correlative cosmology. After outlining the cosmology, epistemology, and theory of language of Lű's Annals, I trace how these shape its rhetorical theory and practices. I then consider how the text itself works as a persuasive artifact in the light of its own strictures. The essay closes with some reflections on why this valuable resource for Classical Chinese rhetoric has been neglected.
The GH-releasing effect of acylated ghrelin in normal subjects is refractory to GH acute auto-feedback but is inhibited after short-term GH administration inducing IGF1 increase
Authors: Benso A , Gramaglia E , Olivetti I , Tomelini M , Gigliardi V Ramella , Frara S , Calvi E , Belcastro S , St Pierre D H , Ghigo E , Broglio F
Published: January 2013

Objective

GH secretion is regulated by an interplay between GH-releasing hormone (GHRH), somatostatin (SST), and other central and peripheral signals. Acylated ghrelin (AG) amplifies GH pulsatility acting, at least partially, independently from GHRH and SST. The GH response to GHRH is inhibited by recombinant human GH (rhGH), likely due to a SST-mediated negative GH auto-feedback. The effect of exogenous rhGH on the GH-releasing effect of AG has never been tested.

Design and methods

In six healthy volunteers, we studied the GH response to acute AG administration (1.0 μg/kg i.v.) during saline or rhGH infusion (4.0 μg/kg per h i.v.) or after 4-day rhGH (10.0 μg/kg s.c.) administration.

Results

Compared with saline, rhGH infusion increased GH levels (P<0.01). During saline, acute i.v. AG induced a marked increase (P<0.01) in GH levels similar to those observed after AG administration during rhGH infusion. During s.c. rhGH, IGF1 levels rose from day 0 to day 5 (P<0.01). After 4-day s.c. rhGH, i.v. AG increased (P<0.01) GH levels, though significantly (P<0.05) less than on day 0.

Conclusions

The marked somatotroph-releasing effect of AG is refractory to a direct GH auto-feedback whereas is markedly inhibited after 4-day rhGH administration, suggesting the possibility of a selective IGF1-mediated inhibitory feedback.
Characteristics of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in Preschool Children
Authors: Theunissen Meinou H.C. , Vogels Anton G.C. , de Wolff Marianne S. , Reijneveld Sijmen A.
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVES:

Validated questionnaires help the preventive child healthcare (PCH) system to identify psychosocial problems. This study assesses the psychometric properties and added value of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for the identification of psychosocial problems among preschool-aged children by PCH.

METHODS:

We included 839 children (response 66%) 3 to 4 years of age undergoing routine health assessments in 18 PCH services across the Netherlands. Child healthcare professionals interviewed and examined children and parents. Before the interview, parents completed the SDQ and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). We assessed the internal consistency, the scale structure, and validity (correlation coefficients, sensitivity, and specificity), with CBCL and treatment status as criteria, and the degree to which the SDQ could improve identification solely on the basis of clinical assessment.

RESULTS:

The internal consistency of the SDQ total difficulties score was good (Cronbach’s α, 0.78), but it was worse for some subscales of the SDQ (range, 0.50–0.74). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve using the CBCL as a criterion was 0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.91–0.97), and sensitivity and specificity were 0.79 and 0.93, respectively. The SDQ added information to the clinical assessment; the odds ratio was 36.48 for added information by using the CBCL as a criterion.

CONCLUSIONS:

The SDQ is a valid tool for the identification of psychosocial problems in preschool-aged children by PCH. However, the low reliability of some SDQ subscales does not justify use of these subscales for decisions about further treatment.
Developmental Function in Toddlers With Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Armstrong F. Daniel , Elkin T. David , Brown R. Clark , Glass Penny , Rana Sohail , Casella James F. , Kalpatthi Ram V. , Pavlakis Steven , Mi Zhibao , Wang Winfred C. ,   for the Baby Hug Investigators
Published: January 2013

BACKGROUND:

Neurocognitive impairment occurs in children and adults with sickle cell anemia, but little is known about neurodevelopment in very young children. We examined the neurodevelopmental status of infants participating in the Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (Baby Hug) to determine relationships with age, cerebral blood flow velocity, and hemoglobin concentration.

METHODS:

Standardized measures of infant neurodevelopment were administered to 193 infants with hemoglobin SS or hemoglobin S-β0 thalassemia between 7 and 18 months of age at the time of their baseline evaluation. Associations between neurodevelopmental scores and age, family income, parent education, hemoglobin concentration, and transcranial Doppler velocity were examined.

RESULTS:

Mean functioning on the baseline neurodevelopment scales was in the average range. There were no mental development scores <70 (impaired); 22 children had scores in the clinically significant range, 11 with impaired psychomotor scores and 11 with problematic behavior rating scores. Significantly poorer performance was observed with older age at baseline. Behavior rating scores were an average of 2.82 percentile points lower per month of age, with similar patterns observed with parent report using adaptive behavior scales. Parent-reported functional abilities and hemoglobin were negatively associated with higher transcranial Doppler velocities.

CONCLUSIONS:

Whereas overall functioning was in the normal range, behavioral and adaptive function was poorer with older age, even in this very young group of children. Explanatory mechanisms for this association between poorer developmental function and older age need to be identified.
The Burden of Influenza in Young Children, 2004–2009
Authors: Poehling Katherine A. , Edwards Kathryn M. , Griffin Marie R. , Szilagyi Peter G. , Staat Mary A. , Iwane Marika K. , Snively Beverly M. , Suerken Cynthia K. , Hall Caroline B. , Weinberg Geoffrey A. , Chaves Sandra S. , Zhu Yuwei , McNeal Monica M. , Bridges Carolyn B.
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE:

To characterize the health care burden of influenza from 2004 through 2009, years when influenza vaccine recommendations were expanded to all children aged ≥6 months.

METHODS:

Population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed influenza was performed among children aged <5 years presenting with fever and/or acute respiratory illness to inpatient and outpatient settings during 5 influenza seasons in 3 US counties. Enrolled children had nasal/throat swabs tested for influenza by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and their medical records reviewed. Rates of influenza hospitalizations per 1000 population and proportions of outpatients (emergency department and clinic) with influenza were computed.

RESULTS:

The study population comprised 2970, 2698, and 2920 children from inpatient, emergency department, and clinic settings, respectively. The single-season influenza hospitalization rates were 0.4 to 1.0 per 1000 children aged <5 years and highest for infants <6 months. The proportion of outpatient children with influenza ranged from 10% to 25% annually. Among children hospitalized with influenza, 58% had physician-ordered influenza testing, 35% had discharge diagnoses of influenza, and 2% received antiviral medication. Among outpatients with influenza, 7% were tested for influenza, 7% were diagnosed with influenza, and <1% had antiviral treatment. Throughout the 5 study seasons, <45% of influenza-negative children ≥6 months were fully vaccinated against influenza.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite expanded vaccination recommendations, many children are insufficiently vaccinated, and substantial influenza burden remains. Antiviral use was low. Future studies need to evaluate trends in use of vaccine and antiviral agents and their impact on disease burden and identify strategies to prevent influenza in young infants.
M13 Bacteriophage-Assisted Biomineralization of Copper Sulfide
Authors: Zaman Mohammed Shahriar , Haberer Elaine D.
Published: January 2013

Combinatorial phage display with a pVIII library of M13 bacteriophage was used to identify a peptide sequence capable of recognition and mineralization of copper sulfide. The six sequences isolated from the final biopanning round were rich in basic, hydrophobic, and polar amino acids compared to the phage display library. The peptide sequence, DTRAPEIV, was used to biomineralize copper sulfide on the pVIII major coat protein thus producing linear chains of nanoparticles. Electron microscopy revealed that the phage was capable of controlling the size of the nucleated nanoparticles in an aqueous solution at room temperature and that the mineralized material was copper sulfide. Phage-templated biomineralization is a low temperature, aqueous-based approach to synthesis of copper sulfide nanoparticles with hierarchical order.
Surface Energy-mediated Protein and Osteoblast Responses on Nanostructured Stiff Surfaces
Authors: Yang Lei , Sihlabela Maswazi , Sheldon Brian W. , Webster Thomas J.
Published: January 2013

Nanostructured surfaces have demonstrated extraordinary capacity to influence protein adsorption and cellular responses, although the mechanisms behind such capacity are still not clear to date. In the present study, the role of surface energy associated with nanostructured stiff surfaces in modulating fibronectin and consequently osteoblast (OB, bone forming cells) responses was investigated. Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) and submicron crystalline diamond (SMCD) films with controllable surface energy were prepared by microwave-enhanced plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) techniques. Fibronectin adsorption on the diamond films with varied surface energy values was measured via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the relationship between the surface energy and fibronectin adsorption was studied. OB aggregates (each containing 30∼50 cells) on the NCD with varied surface energy values were also studied. The results indicated that fibronectin adsorption on nanostructured surfaces was closely related to both surface energy and material microstructures, and osteoblast spreading and migration on stiff nanosurfaces are surface energy-driven processes.
Dipolar and J- Derived Solid State NMR Techniques and First Principles Calculations Applied to the Structure of Silicophosphates and to the Characterization of Phosphonate Grafting on Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Coelho Cristina , Benharbya Nadia , Gervais Cristel , Azaïs Thierry , Bonhomme-Coury Laure , Laurent Guillaume , Mauri Francesco , Bonhomme Christian
Published: January 2013

J-derived (HMQC, INEPT) and D-derived (double and triple resonance) experiments were applied to the detailed characterization of crystalline and amorphous silicophosphate derivatives. 31P/29Si and 1H/31P/29Si CP MAS experiments were suitable for the description of complex silicophosphate gels, which can act as precursors for biocompatible materials. First principles calculations involving the GIPAW approach (first developed by Mauri and Pickard) were applied for the determination of CSA (29Si, 31P, 17O) and quadrupolar (17O) parameters. Excellent agreement between experimental and calculated data was obtained.
NMR Characterisation of the Organic/SiO2 Interfaces in Templated Porous Silica.
Authors: Baccile Niki , Laurent Guillaume , Azaïs Thierry , Babonneau Florence
Published: January 2013

This paper illustrates the use of a 1H-29Si-1H double CP sequence to investigate different organic/SiO2 interfaces in templated porous silica. The advantage of this sequence is to selectively edit, in a one-dimensional experiment, the protons that are in close proximity with the Si surface sites. In order to maximize the polarization transfer efficiency, some experiments have been recorded at lower temperature (238 K). Examples will concern surfactant/silica interactions in mesostructured silicas and the behavior of benzoic acid and 4-methoxychlorophenol, a common pesticide, encapsulated in mesoporous silica.
Variações anatômicas das cavidades paranasais à tomografia computadorizada multislice: o que procurar?
Authors: Miranda Christiana Maia Nobre Rocha de , Maranhão Carol Pontes de Miranda , Arraes Fabiana Maia Nobre Rocha , Padilha Igor Gomes , Farias Lucas de Pádua Gomes de , Jatobá Mayara Stephanie de Araujo , Andrade Anna Carolina Mendonça de , Padilha Bruno Gomes
Published: January 2013

A tomografia computadorizada multislice é, atualmente, a modalidade de imagem de escolha para a avaliação dos seios paranasais e das estruturas adjacentes. Ela tem sido cada vez mais utilizada para a avaliação das variações anatômicas, identificando-as de forma precisa e com elevados detalhes anatômicos. Algumas variações anatômicas podem predispor a sinusopatias e constituir regiões de alto risco para lesões e complicações durante atos operatórios. Portanto, o reconhecimento dessas variações é de fundamental importância no pré-operatório de cirurgia endoscópica.
The delivery of bulk liquids as aerosols in granular soils for engineering purposes
Authors: Dyer M. , Glew N. , Viganotti M.
Published: January 2013

This letter presents preliminary results from a series of laboratory tests that demonstrate the potential for aerosols to deliver bulk liquids in dry or partially saturated sand and gravel. The tests were carried out using soil columns of 50 mm internal diameter and 400 mm length. The soil columns were tested dry or partially saturated with distilled water with maximum moisture contents of 4–5%. Methanol was chosen as the bulk liquid in the first series of tests. Liquid methanol was injected as an aerosol using medical jet nebulisers. The tests results demonstrated that droplet sizes of between approximately 0·5 and 5 μm of methanol were transported through the soil column with the remaining aerosol retained either on the surface of the grains or dissolved in aqueous menisci between soil grains. A second series of tests using only distilled water as both pore liquid and aerosol revealed hydrophobic behaviour during the initial wetting of dry soil samples. This initial dry state was followed by an almost total retention of aerosols, which eventually reached a plateau of between 70 and 80% mass of aerosol retained. This behaviour suggests the droplets were primarily deposited at a finite number of interparticle menisci.
Does exogenous carbon extend the realized niche of canopy lichens? Evidence from sub‐boreal forests in British Columbia
Authors: Campbell Jocelyn , Bengtson Per , Fredeen Arthur L. , Coxson Darwyn S. , Prescott Cindy E.
Published: January 2013

Foliose lichens with cyanobacterial bionts (bipartite and tripartite) form a distinct assemblage of epiphytes strongly associated with humid microclimatic conditions in inland British Columbia. Previous research showed that these cyano‐ and cephalolichen communities are disproportionately abundant and species‐rich on conifer saplings beneath Populus compared to beneath other tree species. More revealing, lichens with cyanobacterial bionts were observed beneath Populus even in stands that did not otherwise support them. We experimentally test the hypothesis that this association is due to the interception of glucose‐rich nectar that is exuded from Populus extra‐floral nectaries (EFN). Using CO2 flux measurements and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis with experimental applications of 13C6‐labeled glucose, we demonstrate that cyano‐ and cephalolichens have a strong respiratory response to glucose. Lichens treated with glucose had lower net photosynthesis and higher establishment rates than control thalli. Furthermore, lichens with cyanobacterial bionts rapidly incorporate exogenous 13C into lichen fatty acid tissues. A large proportion of the 13C taken up by the lichens was incorporated into fungal biomarkers, suggesting that the mycobiont absorbed and assimilated the majority of applied 13C6 glucose. Our observations suggest that both cyanolichens and cephalolichens may utilize an exogenous source of glucose, made available by poplar EFNs. The exogenous C may enable these lichens to become established by providing a source of C for fungal respiration despite drought‐induced inactivity of the cyanobacterial partner. As such, the mycobiont may adopt an alternative nutritional strategy, using available exogenous carbon to extend its realized niche.
Identifying Factors Controlling the Continuous Corn Yield Penalty
Authors: Gentry Laura F. , Ruffo Matias L. , Below Fred E.
Published: January 2013

It is widely accepted that yields decline when corn (Zea mays L.) is grown continuously vs. in rotation with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], although causes for the yield reduction are unclear. The primary objective of this study was to elucidate the source(s) of the continuous corn yield penalty (CCYP). The experiment was conducted from 2005 to 2010 in east‐central Illinois beginning with third‐year continuous corn (CC) or a soybean–corn (SC) rotation at six N fertilizer rates. Averaged across all years, yield at the agronomic optimum N rate for CC was 8.84 Mg ha−1 and for SC was 10.20 Mg ha−1, resulting in a CCYP of 1.36 Mg ha−1; values ranged yearly from 0.47 to 2.23 Mg ha−1. Using a regression model, three significant and independent predictors explained >99% of the variability in the CCYP: unfertilized CC yield (0NCCYD), years in CC (CCYRS), and the difference between CC and SC delta yields (maximum yield – unfertilized yield) (DELTADIFF). The strongest predictor, 0NCCYD, reflects net soil N mineralization and demonstrates that it decreases in CC systems. The CCYRS was strongly and positively correlated with CCYP, indicating that the CCYP increased through Year 7. We believe that CCYRS measures the effects of accumulated corn residue in CC systems. Finally, we consider DELTADIFF to be a measure of the interaction between yearly weather patterns and crop rotation, which results in more negative yield responses for CC than SC under hot or dry conditions. This study concluded that the primary causative agents of the CCYP are N availability, corn residue accumulation, and weather.