bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co w Polsce wiemy o blokadzie Leningradu?
Authors: Pawletko Beata
Published: May 2021

Prezentowany artykuł zawiera obszerny komentarz do tłumaczenia niektórych fragmentów książki Etyka blokady. Wyobrażenia o moralności w Leningradzie w latach 1941–1942 [Блокадная этика: представление о морали в Ленинграде в 1941–1942 гг.] Siergieja Jarowa. Autorka szkicu pokazuje, jak zmieniła się optyka postrzegania oblężenia w Rosji w okresie powojennym, zwłaszcza po upadku Związku Radzieckiego. Na tym tle prezentowane są polskie publikacje poświęcone blokadzie Leningradu.
Żydowskie dziedzictwo religijne w koncepcji krajobrazu konfliktu Materialne świadectwa Zagłady i działań zbrojnych na przykładzie Nowego Cmentarza Żydowskiego w Łodzi
Authors: Majewska Anna
Published: May 2021

Krajobraz konfliktu to koncepcja przykuwająca obecnie uwagę w studiach krajobrazowych. Kierunkuje analizy przede wszystkim w ramach archeologii współczesności, stanowiąc jeden z kluczy odczytywania historii ze struktur otaczającego nas krajobrazu kulturowego. W artykule przedstawiono propozycję rozszerzenia koncepcji krajobrazu konfliktu w dyskursie o żydowskim materialnym dziedzictwie religijnym. Humanistyczne zwrócenie się ku materialności odsłania nowe konteksty Zagłady, w tym jej nie-ludzkie, bo krajobrazowe reprezentacje. Adaptację koncepcji w studiach nad żydowskim dziedzictwem religijnym przedstawiono na przykładzie badań przeprowadzonych w przestrzeni Nowego Cmentarza Żydowskiego w Łodzi. W pracy omówiono wyniki analiz dotyczących wybranych elementów krajobrazu konfliktu stanowiących składowe m.in. substancji nagrobkowej nekropolii. W badaniach wykorzystano metodykę nieinwazyjnej dokumentacji terenowej oraz wykonano analizę komparatystyczną danych fotogrametrycznych i teledetekcyjnych (m.in. chmury punktów z lotniczego skaningu laserowego, zdjęć lotniczych). Na tej podstawie skonstruowano przestrzenne modele zinwentaryzowanych struktur dziedzictwa materialnego, stanowiących historyczne palimpsesty, i wyodrębniono elementy krajobrazu konfliktu.
Współczujący świadek – ocalający Trzeci Przekaz traumy w polsko-żydowskiej rodzinie w trylogii postpamięciowej Ewy Kuryluk
Authors: Borowicz Jan
Published: May 2021

Tekst stanowi analizę funkcji pełnionej przez etnicznych Polaków w międzypokoleniowym przekazie traumy Zagłady w polsko-żydowskich rodzinach. Przedmiotem badania jest literatura postpamięciowa Ewy Kuryluk, teksty-świadectwa drugiego pokolenia o mieszanej genealogii: to znaczy rodziców, z których jedno przeżyło Zagładę, drugie natomiast po wojnie stało się powiernikiem tajemnicy i pomagało opracowywać traumatyczne doświadczenia. W opisie złożonego opracowywania traumy Zagłady pomocne wydaje się psychoanalityczne rozumienie przekazu międzypokoleniowego, a także pojęcia „trzeciego”: współczującego świadka i medium doświadczenia, dzięki któremu możliwe jest ocalenie. Bliskie czytanie trylogii postpamięciowej Ewy Kuryluk pozwala na przybliżenie nieopisywanego dotąd aspektu międzypokoleniowego przekazu traumy.
Zatrzymane w pamięci. Epistolograficzne studium wojennego dramatu
Authors: Łoboz Małgorzata
Published: May 2021

Recenzentka scharakteryzowała cel opisywanej książki, którym (jak zasugerowała autorka) jest opis i kodyfikacja listu obozowo-więziennego w jego aspekcie teoretyczno-praktycznym. Ważnym aspektem rozważań jest zatem deskrypcja interakcji adresata i odbiorcy, analiza funkcji dialogu listowego oraz relacji interpersonalnych.

Podstawą źródłową badanych przez Sadzikowską tekstów są unikatowe zbiory listów obozowych i więziennych z okresu 1939–1945. Pochodzą one z różnych obozów koncentracyjnych, nie tylko w Polsce, ale i w Europie w ogóle. Ich lektura stanowi integralną część odkrywania i opisywania (z różnych perspektyw badawczych, przy wykorzystaniu zróżnicowanych metodologii) wojennego dramatu, wyrastającego z doświadczeń totalitaryzmu. Listy obozowe stanowią wyjątkowe (bo bardzo zindywidualizowane) świadectwo losu wszystkich ofiar poniżonych i upokorzonych przez rzeczywistość obozu koncentracyjnego. W pewnym sensie listy więźniów są echem wewnętrznych zmagań o sprawiedliwość oraz ocalenie godności i człowieczeństwa. Co ciekawe – autorka zainicjowała inspirującą metodę odczytywania tej epistolografii w kontekście indywidualnych losów nadawców i adresatów tej korespondencji.

W opinii recenzentki nieocenioną wartość mają dokumenty źródłowe (zamieszczone w Aneksach). Są to: Listy obozowe Franciszka Ogona (Aneks I) oraz wspomnienie Alojzego Frosa o Franciszku Ogonie (Aneks II).

Recenzentka wysoko ocenia poziom merytoryczny i naukowe walory monografii, podkreślając, że autorka na podstawie intrygującego materiału epistolograficznego stworzyła efektowną, ciekawą syntezę, uwzględniającą rozmaite perspektywy interpretacyjne. Wypełniła tym samym niedostatek podobnych opracowań w polskim literaturoznawstwie.
The Jewess Hana, or Antisemitism in the Soviet Bloc
Authors: Kamusella Tomasz
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the first novel of the Sorbian writer Jurij Koch entitled Židowka Hana [The Jewess Hana], published in 1963. Curiously, it contains in its title the ethnonym “Jewess,” which breached the antisemitic line then adopted across the Soviet bloc. Perhaps, this ideological transgression explains why this novel was not translated into German or the bloc’s other languages during the communist period. Sorbian-language novels were (and still are) few and apart, so the East German authorities, for the sake of the official promotion of minority cultures, supported thetranslation of them into German and other “socialist languages.” But not in this case. The important work languished half-forgotten in its Upper Sorbian original and in the 1966 Lower Sorbian translation. Only three decades after the fall of communism and the reunification of Germany, the author prepared and successfully published the German-language version of this novel in 2020.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Pre-Veterinary Opportunities and Recommendations for DVM Admissions
Authors: Trivedi Shweta , Clark Jessica C. , Royal Kenneth D.
Published: May 2021

During the summer of 2020, a survey-based study was conducted at North Carolina State University, a land-grant university, to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on pre-veterinary students’ ability to gain experience hours for Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) admissions. Of the 286 respondents (47% of the respondent pool), 92% reported losing at least one animal, veterinary, research, extracurricular, or work opportunity due to COVID-19, and 59% were not able to find a replacement. Of the lost experiences, 74 (20.8%) were for academic credit, resulting in 131 total academic credit hours lost, while only 12 credit hours were gained via alternative experiences. Of respondents, 30% (29.7%) identified as applicants of the 2020–2021 Veterinary Medical College Application Service (VMCAS) cycle. More than half (52.6%) of the sample identified being concerned about the strength of their VMCAS experiences due to these lost opportunities. Many respondents reported considering delaying application submissions by taking a gap year (17.5%) or having had their intended graduation timeline affected (14.8%). Since the majority of veterinary colleges utilize a holistic review process, this study provides a basis for understanding the effects of COVID-19 on the duration, depth, and diversity of experiences gained by future DVM applicants. This article also provides recommendations for DVM admissions adaptations based on the outcomes of the data.
Implementation of a Fine Needle Aspirate Simulation Model
Authors: Stowe Devorah M. , Fiebrandt Kate E. , Druley Gail E. , Taylor Abi J.
Published: May 2021

Being able to appropriately perform fine needle aspiration (FNA) collecting techniques and sample preparation is essential in obtaining a diagnostic sample, which is a critical skill for veterinary practitioners. Collection and preparation of cytologic samples are skills gained through practice. Experience leads to refinement of technique and improved diagnostic quality. Using live patients for mass skills training is not feasible; therefore, an aspiration simulation model and laboratory session was developed to reinforce physical exam skills, appropriate selection of sample collection supplies, and collection technique. Materials for the models include Ping-Pong balls, silicone, instant vanilla pudding mix, water, and stuffed animals. The laboratory session allows veterinary students to practice lesion identification, isolation, aspiration, and successful preparation. Subsequent submission of the collected sample involves being able to expel and spread the sample on a slide and proper labeling. While the simulation experience was initially developed for a short course with 12 students, it has recently been incorporated into the required clinical pathology clinical year rotation for up to 100 fourth-year veterinary students. The model is inexpensive and efficient and allows for technique development and immediate instructor assessment and feedback.
Efficiency of application of biotechnology in poultry farming
Authors:   Moscow Financial and Industrial University Synergy, Sayenko M.Yu.
Published: May 2021

In a market economy, many poultry enterprises and farms suffer large economic losses due to poultry diseases and stressful effects, while unjustifiably using antibiotics and growth promoters. The modern market requires the receipt of environmentally friendly products. The use of hormonal drugs, growth stimulants and strong antibiotics threatens not only the health of the animal itself, but also the health of people who eat these products on a daily basis. The article considers the need for the development and implementation of biotechnology aimed at improving the viability of poultry, as well as ensuring biological protection and high productivity of poultry.
Plant immunity and crop insurance
Authors:   Samara State Agrarian University, Zhichkin K.A. , Nosov V.V. ,   Moscow State University of Technology and Management named after K.G. Razumovsky, Zhichkina L.N. ,   Samara State Agrarian University
Published: May 2021

Agricultural insurance with state support (in crop production) creates conditions for stable and effective activity in the cultivation of basic agricultural crops, which is especially important in conditions of uncertain weather factors typical for the risky agriculture zone, which includes the Samara region. Dry summers, frosty winters with a minimum of precipitation make agricultural production largely dependent on natural and climatic factors. The study purpose is to substantiate the need to take into account the characteristics of individual varieties when insuring agricultural crops with state support. It is necessary to solve the following tasks: - to formulate the biological characteristics of individual varieties of agricultural crops; - to classify all emergencies according to the type of impact on plants; - substantiate (using the spring barley example) the need to correct the existing approach when signing agricultural insurance contracts with state support in crop production. When developing an insurance algorithm, it is necessary to take into account the breeding potential of both agricultural crops and individual varieties associated with their genetic characteristics. The widespread use of the achievements of genetics, realized in the form of the formation of plant immunity, makes it possible to achieve a significant degree of resistance to abiotic and biotic factors that have a compensated and uncompensated nature. As can be seen from the presented calculation, it cannot be said that the presence of a variety in the State Register of Breeding Achievements is a prerequisite for its successful cultivation. Therefore, it is necessary for each agricultural crop to identify a number of features, the presence of which makes this variety resistant to the totality of all factors of the given microregion.
Dynamics of grain production and export in Russia and neighboring countries
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – MSKhA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Mukhametzyanov R.R. , Besshaposhniy M.N. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – MSKhA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Dzhancharova G.K. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – MSKhA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Platonovskiy N.G. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – MSKhA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Vorontsova N.V. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – MSKhA named after K.A. Timiryazev
Published: May 2021

Grain farming is a strategically important sector of the economy of many countries of the world. The food independence of the state, political stability in the country, export earnings, and the functioning of other branches of the agro-industrial complex depend on the degree of its development. The situation on the national grain market is fundamental for the formation of the conjuncture of many other markets for agricultural products, including food products. In the process of research, based on the use of statistical data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for 1992-2019 the physical volumes of grain production in Russia and neighboring countries were analyzed. The tendencies of changes in the volume of its exports from the countries of this region of the world are also considered. In Russia, as in other independent states that emerged after the collapse of the USSR, over the past three decades there have been significant changes in the development of grain farming. Practically in all of them, except for Belarus, Georgia, Armenia, Kazakhstan, in 2019 there is a higher level of gross grain harvest compared to 1992. On a per capita basis, a significant increase (two or more times) is observed in the Baltic countries, Tajikistan, Ukraine. The same indicator has almost doubled in Azerbaijan, Moldova and Uzbekistan, while more modest results are characteristic for Russia. Nevertheless, the achievements obtained in the grain industry of our country in terms of increasing gross harvests and grain exports are undoubtedly a positive fact. However, not all experts are unequivocally positive about the current situation in this branch of agriculture in Russia.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Google Classroom Terhadap Efektifitas Pembelajaran
Authors: Nainggolan Aser Paul , Manalu Rizki Bastanta B
Published: May 2021

Google classroom adalah media pembelajaran e-learning  dengan menggunakan sistem WebCT. Adanya Google classroom selama masa pandemi Covid-19 ini mampu berfungsi dalam memberikan kemudahan bagi sekolah-sekolah dengan sistem belajar dapat diakses kapan dan dimana saja tanpa harus tertatap muka secara langsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan google classroom terhadap efektifitas pembelajaran di SMP Cahaya Pengharapan Abadi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas VII dan VIII yang mengikuti mata pelajaran pendidikan jasmani dengan menggunakan google classroom yang berjumlah 31 siswa. Instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa tes belajar dan lembar angket tentang efektifitas pembelajaran dengan alat bantu angket yaitu google form. Analisis data dengan menggunakan regresi linear berganda, kemudian diolah dengan SPSS 18. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Terdapat hasil positif persepsi kemudahan, kemanfaatan  terhadap penggunaan google classroom di SMP Cahaya Pengharapan Abadi dengan nilai R-adjusted sebesar 0.475. Tingkat kemudahan yang diberikan oleh aplikasi google classroom akan memberikan respon yang positif oleh siswa terhadap penggunaan google classroom. Terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan kemudahan, kemanfaatan terhadap efektifitas pembelajaran dengan nilai R-adjusted sebesar 0.475. Artinya kemudahan dalam memanfaatkan google classroom akan mampu menyebabkan efektifitas pembelajaran. Kemudahan menjadikan motivasi bagi siswa untuk terus bersemangat mengikuti pembelajaran. Sedangkan guru mampu memberikan semangat dan dukungan bagi siswa agar tetap belajar walaupun dalam kondisi tidak bertatap muka. Terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan penggunaan google classroom terhadap efektifitas pembelajaran dengan nilai sebesar 0.244.
Northernmost records of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in northwestern Russia
Authors: Khalin A.V. , Aibulatov S.V.
Published: May 2021

The northernmost records of all 47 mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) recorded from northwestern Russia, are reviewed and mapped for the first time, based on the recently collected original material, the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the available published data. All records of Aedes rossicus Dolbeskin, Gorickaja et Mitrofanova, 1930, Ae. caspius (Pallas, 1771) and Ae. detritus Haliday, 1833 in northwestern Russia are considered as doubtful.
La kétamine en pratique militaire
Authors: Dubourg O. , Dubecq C. , de Rocquigny G. , Patey E. , Pasquier P. , Aigle L. , Dubourg R. , Travers S.
Published: May 2021

La gestion de la douleur en milieu militaire est primordiale, en particulier sur le terrain, puisqu’elle impacte la sérénité de la prise en charge en contexte hostile ainsi que la réalisation de l’évacuation médicale, notamment par hélicoptère. Le blessé au combat typique est un homme jeune porteur de lésions pénétrantes souvent hémorragiques conduisant à un état de choc hémodynamique. La littérature montre que la prise en charge de la douleur n’est pas suffisamment systématique dans sa phase initiale, alors qu’elle est un facteur indépendant d’augmentation de la morbimortalité chez ce patient. Depuis plusieurs années, on constate un recours croissant à la kétamine par les médecins militaires sur le terrain, à visée d’analgésie-sédation. Les recommandations de plusieurs instances médicales militaires ont évolué dans le même sens, préconisant l’usage de la kétamine pour le blessé en état d’instabilité hémodynamique ou respiratoire. En milieu civil d’urgence, plusieurs études soulignent la sécurité d’emploi et l’efficacité antalgique de cette drogue lors de la prise en charge initiale du patient traumatisé en choc. Son administration par voie intranasale semble une piste particulièrement intéressante pour la médecine militaire comme pour la médecine de catastrophe, ajoutant une facilité d’administration à un profil de sécurité et d’efficacité bien documenté. La poursuite de travaux de recherche est cependant impérative pour mieux préciser la place et les modalités d’emploi de la kétamine en préhospitalier militaire.
Parties, Movements, Brokers
Authors: McKeever David
Published: May 2021

This article is a study of the consequences of brokerage for movements, and particularly for the role of political parties within social movements. My findings indicate that brokerage creates opportunities for minor groups to play a crucial role in mobilization, something that comes at a cost to a movement’s structure. I make my case with a study of brokerage in action, based on activist interviews, events data, and network data collected from the Scottish independence movement. Results demonstrate that the likelihood of the governing Scottish National Party participating in movement events only increases with the number of participating movement organizations. As the movement organizations transitioned from a referendum campaign to an autonomous movement, under-resourced peripheral groups took the lead in brokering the Nationalist movement.
Book Reviews
Authors: Louwagie Fransiska , Crucifix Benoît
Published: May 2021

Ewa Stańczyk, ed., Comic Books, Graphic Novels and the Holocaust: Beyond Maus. (Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 2020). 142 pp. ISBN: 9780367585921 (£29.59)

Vittorio Frigerio, Bande dessinée et littérature: Intersections, fascinations, divergences (Macerata: Quodlibet, 2018). 96 pp. ISBN: 9788822902573 (€10.00)
Bilateral Moraxella Keratitis in a Healthy Person after an Episode of Conjunctivitis: A Case Report
Authors: Bajracharya Leena , Singh Rana Rachana
Published: May 2021

Moraxella species are gram-negative diplobacilli and are rare cause of bacterial keratitis. We report a case of a 55-year-old woman presented with pain, redness and profound decrease in vision in both eyes for 2 weeks. One month back she had been treated as acute follicular conjunctivitis elsewhere. She had been treated with ofloxacin drops. On examination, she had central oval full-thickness infiltrate with thinning of cornea and hypopyon in both eyes. She had pseudomembrane in the tarsal conjunctiva. Corneal culture, done separately, showed isolation of Moraxella species, which was resistant to fluoroquinolones. She responded to fortified amikacin and ulcer healed with best-corrected vision of 6/24 and 6/18 in right and left eye respectively. Moraxella keratitis can cause severe keratitis. Conjunctivitis may be complicated by keratitis. Antibiotic resistance can cause problem. Bilateral keratitis should be referred promptly to higher centers if not responding well to treatment.
Rheumatic Heart Disease among Pregnant Women with Cardiac Diseases in a Tertiary Care Center of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sharma Basant , Koirala Eliza , Regmi Sudhir , Dhungana Jaya , Neupane Bandana Khanal , Bhattarai Suraj
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Cardiac disease in pregnancy is a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity in women, particularly in resource limited countries like Nepal. Rheumatic Heart Disease is the commonest cardiac disease complicating pregnancy. There is very limited data and evidence from Nepal regarding rheumatic heart disease complicating the pregnancy. The study aims to find out the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease among cardiac disease patients in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 41 women with cardiac disease who delivered babies at Chitwan Medical College from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2019, after taking ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. A convenient sampling method was used. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used for data analysis. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Among 41 pregnant women with cardiac disease, 32 (78%) (95% Confidence Interval = 65.32-90.68) had rheumatic heart disease. The mean age of the affected pregnant women was 24.9±4.49 years. Out of 32 patients with rheumatic heart disease, postpartum haemorrhage was the most common maternal complication 5 (15.6%) followed by hypertension 4 (9.7%).
Conclusions: Rheumatic Heart Disease was highly common among pregnant women with cardiac disease.
Postpartum Hemorrhage in Pregnancy beyond 40 Weeks of Gestation in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bastakoti Gaire Rashmi , Raj Tamrakar Suman , Singh Dongol Anjana
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Postpartum hemorrhage is defined as a blood loss of 500ml or more within 24 hours after birth. It is the leading cause of maternal mortality in low-income countries and the primary cause of nearly one-quarter of all maternal deaths globally. It occurs in up to 18% of total births. Post-dated pregnancy is a high-risk pregnancy with increased maternal morbidity. This study aims to determine the prevalence of postpartum hemorrhage in pregnancy beyond 40 weeks of gestation in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women beyond 40 weeks in Dhulikhel hospital from October 2016 to March 2017. The study was conducted after ethical clearance from the hospital research committee (reference number#128/16). The sample size was calculated and convenient sampling was done. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences is used for analysis. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data.
Results: Out of 465 ladies enrolled in this study postpartum hemorrhage was seen in 6 (1.29%) (95% Confidence Interval = 0.267-2.31), and the mean age was 24.25+4.8. About 346 (74.4%) had a normal delivery, 104 (22.36%) had cesarean section and 15 (3.22%) had instrumental delivery.
Conclusions: Postpartum haemorrhage prevalence is low among the pregnant women beyond 40 weeks compared to the standard study. Postpartum hemorrhage is the common leading cause of maternal mortality. So high-risk cases should be identified and active management should be done to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Septorhinoplasty among Patients who Visited the Outpatient Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mahato Nain Bahadur , Regmi Deepak , Bista Meera
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The nose is the central most part of the face, so any nasal deformities may cause a high level of psychological distress on one’s quality of life. Septorhinoplasty is a surgical procedure used to correct both functional as well as aesthetic problems of the nose. It enhances facial harmony and increases self-confidence. The objective of this study is to find out the prevalence of out-patients who underwent septorhinoplasty in a tertiary care centre in Nepal.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among 5,760 patients who visited the outpatient department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of Kathmandu Medical College from April 2019 to September 2020. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Committee of Kathmandu Medical College. A convenient sampling technique was used. The preoperative and postoperative assessment was done with the help of a rhinoplasty outcome evaluation questionnaire. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences is used for analysis. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: The prevalence of septorhinoplasty was 117 (2.03%) during the study period (95% Confidence Interval= 1.66-2.40). Among 117 patients, 67 (57.3%) were males and 50 (42.7%) were females. Among 117 patients, 85 (72.6%) patients underwent an open approach, while 32 (27.4%) patients underwent closed approach rhinoplasty for the correction of both aesthetic and functional problems.
Conclusions: This study concludes the prevalence of septorhinoplasty is low which may be due to the COVID-19 pandemic during the study period.
Poderes de veto presidencial: Guía Introductoria 14 para la Elaboración Constitucional
Authors: Bulmer Elliot
Published: May 2021

Los diferentes volúmenes de las Guías Introductorias para la Elaboración Constitucional pretenden contribuir a los procesos nacionales de elaboración o reforma constitucional ayudando a los ciudadanos, partidos políticos, organizaciones de la sociedad civil, funcionarios públicos y miembros de asambleas constituyentes a tomar decisiones constitucionales informadas. Además proporcionan orientación al personal de las organizaciones intergubernamentales y a otros agentes externos en su intento de apoyar de manera informada y relevante al contexto a los decisores políticos locales. Las Guías se han concebido como introducción para lectores no especializados y como recordatorio útil para lectores con conocimientos previos o experiencia en elaboración constitucional. Las Guías, organizadas temáticamente en torno a las decisiones prácticas que deben tomar los contribuyentes a la elaboración constitucional, tienen como objetivo explicar cuestiones constitucionales complejas de manera rápida y sencilla.
PROBLEMS OF FORMATION OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES OF THE UKRAINIAN BANKING IN CONDITIONS OF FINANCIAL INSTABILITY
Authors:   Khmelnitskyi National University, LARIONOVA K. , KAPINOS H. , BALAKTIONOVA D. ,   Khmelnitskyi National University
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study is to highlight theoretical approaches to the essence of financial resources of banking institutions, disclosure of their role and significance, analysis and evaluation of current trends and features of the formation of financial resources of the banking system of Ukraine. The article examines the concept of financial resources of the banking system of Ukraine, their importance and features of the formation of financial instability in modern conditions, their role in managing the resources of banks. It is shown that financial resources play a decisive role in the activities of banking institutions, because the success of banking activities and the development of the banking system of Ukraine as a whole depend on their condition. The difference between the concepts of “bank resources”, “financial resources of the bank” and “resource base of the bank” is studied and the own definition of “financial resources of the bank” is given both at the micro and macro level. The dynamics of financial resources of Ukrainian banks in 2016-2019 and their individual components are analyzed in detail. Much attention is paid to the analysis of the dynamics of the structure of liabilities of banking institutions of Ukraine, as well as indicators of the level of capitalization of domestic banks. The peculiarities of using the financial resources of the banking system of Ukraine are singled out, in particular the problems of resuming lending by banking institutions to the real sector of the economy, increasing the duration of long-term loans, investing in government securities (IGLBs and NBU certificates of deposit), insufficient capitalization of the banking system. The main directions of improving the formation of financial resources of Ukrainian banks are proposed.
MANAGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE WITH ORIENTATION ON THE PURPOSE, POSSIBILITIES, EFFICIENCY AND INNOVATION
Authors:   Odessa National Economic University, LITVINOV O. , MITSENKO N. ,   Lviv University of Trade and Economics
Published: May 2021

The work is devoted to the substantiation of the system of management decisions to increase the level of development of intellectual capital of the enterprise as a whole and its individual components with a focus on goals, opportunities, efficiency and innovation. Determined following criteria for selection of measures to increase the level of development of certain types of intellectual capital of the enterprise: the size of vertical development reserves, the size of horizontal development reserves, the efficiency of investment in reproduction. Economic and statistical tools are recommended to formalize the task of forming a system of measures taking into account determined criteria. Approaches to setting thresholds for selection criteria depending on the characteristics of the internal and external environment of the enterprise, management targets are proposed. The expediency of checking the implemented measures for pareto-optimality in order to prevent the implementation of measures that will have a negative impact on the development of certain types of intellectual capital of the enterprise is revealed. The expediency of using the cost of reproduction of intellectual capital of the enterprise as an indicator of investment efficiency is substantiated. Proposed to use single-criteria optimization for the selection of specific measures on the principle of the highest cost effectiveness for their implementation. The structural and logical model of achieving the target settings of intellectual capital development management of the enterprise, which takes into account internal and external conditions, management objectives and results of performance evaluation, levels and reserves of intellectual capital development and its components, is presented in six stages. A system of standard measures to increase the level of development of certain components of the intellectual capital of the enterprise is recommended.
MONITORING OF PERSONNEL DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE-ACTIVE ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Vinnytsia Institute of Trade and Economics of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, BABCHINSKA О.
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the monitoring of personnel development of an innovatively active enterprise as an essential component of personnel management. The paper presents the principles of monitoring staff development such as comprehensiveness, relevance, timeliness, acceptability, dynamism, evidence, flexibility, systematicity, comprehensiveness, independence and objectivity. Under the monitoring of personnel development it is advisable to understand a specially organized, systematic monitoring of the state of personnel development of the enterprise in order to assess and adjust its quality characteristics. Any monitoring is characterized by its own parameters. Based on the classification of costs, the main parameters of personnel development monitoring are determined, which include the scope of the goal, the stage of implementation of management, frequency, form of organization, type of information used; implementation methods. When forming the strategy of the enterprise it is a question of strategic monitoring of personnel development. If it is necessary to assess the situation for a certain period of time, or at the end of some activities, we need to talk about tactical monitoring. When it comes to assessing the development of employees, it is worth talking about operational monitoring. All these parameters create the contours of monitoring the development of personnel development, but the content depends on the structure, ie on what exactly is embedded in the concept of personnel development and personnel development management. The key areas of monitoring are identified in accordance with the understanding of staff development as a combination of professional, social and personal. Professional development of staff takes place in the process of acquiring skills and abilities, as well as direct training and is to reveal his professional potential. It is worth noting that the purpose of professional development is the accumulation of potential, not just its disclosure, ie activation. In turn, professional potential consists of qualification, psychophysiological, personal. Thus for development of the personnel of the innovatively active enterprise development of all directions is important. Monitoring of personnel development should be carried out comprehensively, taking into account the need for development not only of qualification characteristics, but also of values, stability and adaptability of employees to environmental conditions.
ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF THE DOMESTIC MARKET AND EXPORTS OF DAIRY AND MEAT INDUSTRIES OF UKRAINE
Authors:   National Research Center of the Institute of Agrarian Economics, Shapoval B.
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes the dairy and meat industries of Ukraine, their condition and potential vectors of development. The place of the meat and dairy industry in the country’s economy and its influence on the general development of the economy were determined. General trends in dairy and meat production, their development and prospects. The current state of the dairy industry, the level of dairy production by type, sees of the sales and sales in retail and wholesale trade. The change in production in combination with the last years, the level of sales for the last three years in percentage terms and export of dairy products to other countries are analyzed. The meat industry of Ukraine, its current state and prospects of development were also studied. The production of products for years and types, the size of wholesale sales of such products on the Ukrainian market are highlighted. The indicators of retail trade in food and mixed products in the context of recent years have been studied, as well as trends in increasing and decreasing production, sales on the domestic market and exports of meat and dairy products have been identified. The countries to which Ukraine exports the most meat, meat products, sausages and dairy products, including condensed and powdered milk, cheese and whey, have been identified. For comparison, the indicators of meat and dairy exports to Ukraine, Ireland, New Zealand and Poland were taken. These countries were selected in connection with similar conditions of development of the meat and dairy market. In terms of exports and production of the meat and dairy industry, the above countries are not leaders in the world market, but are certainly role models. Recommendations for further actions for meat and dairy producers for successful entry into foreign markets are provided.
THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF RESOURCE SUPPORT OF THE SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Khmelnytskyi National University, Matiukh S. , Asamoah-Kyeremeh J. ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: May 2021

The article considers the definitions of “economic security of the enterprise” within the approaches: protective (protection from unwanted changes (threats) / protection of interests), evolutionary (development-related), resource (directly related to resource provision and their effective use to prevent / threat leveling), process (emphasis on the processes of ensuring the economic security of the enterprise) and sustainable (emphasis on measures to ensure the stability of the economic system / business entity). The approaches of different authors to the selection of components of the economic security of the enterprise are considered and a list of components is formed, which is most often mentioned in scientific papers. These include: environmental, information or information and communication, personnel, technological or technical-technological, political-legal or legal, power and financial. It is concluded that in the process of ensuring economic security, the management of enterprises is most interested in resource aspects related to the prevention of threats and challenges, both internal and external environment. And also, finding the optimal ratio between the final result in the form of security, and the resources spent on its achievement. The article defines the concepts: “enterprise resources” and “resource provision of the economic security of the enterprise”. The resources of the enterprise are all possible means necessary to achieve the goals of the enterprise. Resource support of the economic security of the enterprise – all possible means in sufficient quantities necessary for the protection, safe operation and development of the enterprise. In addition, a general list of components of the economic security of the enterprise (power, financial, personnel, information and communication, technological, environmental, political and legal) and their resource composition (information, financial, labor, material, intellectual, investment, technical, technological) , energy). The system of economic security of the enterprise provides for the establishment of effective control of resources spent on the operation of the enterprise.
METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF RESEARCH OF THE BUDGET FINANCING SYSTEM
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Tytarchuk І.
Published: May 2021

The subject of the study is the methodological principles of the study of the budget financing system in the conditions of economic transformation. The purpose of the article is to form a methodological toolkit of the budget financing system, which includes principles, forms, approaches to the analysis of this concept. The following methods are used in the article: analysis and synthesis, generalization – in the study of literature sources on the research topic; abstractions, inductions, deductions, ascent from the abstract to the concrete – in the disclosure of the methodological bases of budget financing systems taking into account the laws of dialectics, application of systemic and functional approaches. In the course of research the forms of budgetary financing and their features are defined, the structural-logical scheme of methodological maintenance of system of budgetary financing is constructed. The article reveals the methodological essence of the formation of budget expenditures as the basis of the budget financing system, which consists in applying tools to the formation of budget expenditures on the principles of scientificity, validity, transparency, economy, traceability. It is determined that the problems significantly affect and adjust the state of the budget system, so when forming budget expenditures it is necessary to take into account these problems and implement measures to maximize their leveling with further adjustment of expenditures. The relationship between the philosophical categories of the spheres of life and the sphere of the essence of budget expenditures in the process of formulating the theoretical foundations of budget financing is clearly traced. The study allowed to form a new methodological tradition in modern financial theory, which consists in the formation of not only practical but also philosophical approaches, abandonment of the search for a single concept of budget financing and unambiguous methods of its construction, the use of advanced methods of economic research etc.
ENSURING STRATEGIC COMPETITIVENESS IN HEALTH CARE
Authors:   Odessa National Medical University, Rogachevskyi O.
Published: May 2021

Achieving competitiveness is an important task for the national health care sector, as today the national health care system is inefficient and inefficient compared to the systems of other countries. In the overall world rankings, the Ukrainian healthcare industry occupies one of the last places, which indicates the low performance of its activities. The purpose of the article is to form a theoretical and methodological basis for ensuring competitiveness in the field of health care for its development. In the course of the research materials of own researches, and also separate scientific publications of national and foreign authors concerning methods and tools of competitiveness management are used. The author used such scientific methods as analysis and synthesis, empirical approach. The author has developed theoretical foundations for ensuring competitiveness in the field of health care on the analysis of existing theories and concepts of competitiveness management. The role of competition in healthcare is analyzed. Factors influencing health competitiveness have been studied. The focus of strategic transformations in the healthcare sector is formed on the basis of competitiveness methodology. The role of strategic potential in ensuring the competitiveness of the healthcare sector has been studied. According to the results of the study, it is proved that the basis for ensuring competitiveness in the field of health care is monitoring and evaluation of its strategic potential, which reflects the opportunities focused on a complex, sound, integrated and interconnected system of components that are purposefully formed – ensuring the availability and quality of medical services and the introduction of medical innovations.
MODERN DIRECTIONS OF ENSURING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Kharkiv Petro Vasylenko National Technical University of Agriculture, Zaitsev Yurii , Khaolin Liu ,   Kharkiv Petro Vasylenko National Technical University of Agriculture
Published: May 2021

Competitiveness should be understood as the ability of an individual entity to function successfully in a competitive environment, having an absolute or relative advantage over the “main players” – key competitors in the market. It is determined that the competitiveness of products is associated with the appropriate level of its quality, which is better than analogues to meet the needs of consumers. Another component is the cost of products, the nature of which is more variable compared to quality, which explains the formation of quality throughout the production cycle under the influence of mostly objective factors. The cost of production, which consists of cost and profit, has a higher level of variability due to the dependence of the level of profit on the state of market demand. In terms of profit, the competitiveness of products is closely linked to the success of the enterprise, its stability and development potential. Another aspect of product competitiveness is considered market parameters. Thus, “hard” and “soft” factors of product competitiveness were distinguished, where the first group is represented by the quality and cost of production, and the second – profit and marketing. The analysis of the existing criteria of competitiveness of goods allowed to add to the identified factors the following: social targeting, consumer novelty, informativeness, reliability, safety for consumers and the environment, product image. Features of ensuring the competitiveness of products in the agricultural sector are considered. The dependence of agricultural specialization on the location determines the critical dependence of product quality on the resource potential, which requires preservation and reproduction. This necessitates the inclusion of environmentally responsible components of responsible land use in the ways of ensuring the competitiveness of products. It is determined that the most difficult factor in managing the competitiveness of agricultural products is the price due to the peak load in the collection of crops and the need for significant storage reserves for storage of products for a long time. Ways to manage this factor are proposed to consider the development of commodity exchanges, the use of financial instruments, risk insurance. Horizontal integration for small farms and vertical integration for agricultural enterprises are recognized as additional ways to ensure the competitiveness of agricultural products.
IDENTIFICATION OF INFLUENCE FACTORS ON THE INVESTMENTS EFFICIENCY IN AUTOMATION OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF BUSINNES CLUSTERS FORMATION
Authors:   Khmelnytskyi National University, LYSAK V.
Published: May 2021

The formation of the ERP is a complex and time-consuming process, and therefore for the successful completion of the project it is necessary to develop a strategic plan for management automation and the use of modern approaches to assess its effectiveness. An important aspect of the formation of an effective ERP is to identify, analyze and assess the impact of external and internal factors that affect the satisfaction of future users of the implemented system – staff and managers at all levels. The article analyzes common approaches to identifying factors influencing the effectiveness of projects for automation of industrial enterprise management. The application of common approaches to assessing the effectiveness of an automated enterprise management system at different levels of maturity of its IT infrastructure, indicating their main advantages and disadvantages, and gives priority to the total cost of ownership as a key. It is proved that to increase the productivity and efficiency of ERP-system enterprises should take into account the factors that affect user satisfaction. At present, it is actually possible to determine the effectiveness of IT investments for Ukrainian enterprises is the analysis of whether it is possible to achieve the set goals at the expense of funds allocated for automation, formulated not in the form of their return coefficient, but in terms characterizing the parameters of automated processes. In general, for most modern enterprises before the implementation of AMS it is necessary to conduct an audit and reorganization of their activities to create rational technologies and business processes. Reorganization in this case does not necessarily mean a change in the organizational structure of the enterprise, but the optimization of processes to achieve greater productivity at lower cost. Prospects for the development and maintenance of the system are important for domestic enterprises, which are mainly determined by the developer (supplier) of the automated system, as well as a set of standards that is embedded in the system and its components. In addition, an important role in choosing a supplier is the form of its presence in the domestic market, which is formed by the presence of a network of certified technical support centers, authorized training centers, “hotlines” for consultations and more.