bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying urban sources as cause of elevated grass pollen concentrations using GIS and remote sensing
Authors: Skjøth C. A. , Ørby P. V. , Becker T. , Geels C. , Schlünssen V. , Sigsgaard T. , Bønløkke J. H. , Sommer J. , Søgaard P. , Hertel O.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. We examine here the hypothesis that during flowering, the grass pollen concentrations at a specific site reflect the distribution of grass pollen sources within a few kilometres of this site. We perform this analysis on data from a measurement campaign in the city of Aarhus (Denmark) using three pollen traps and by comparing these observations with a novel inventory of grass pollen sources. The source inventory is based on a new methodology developed for urban-scale grass pollen sources. The new methodology is believed to be generally applicable for the European area, as it relies on commonly available remote sensing data combined with management information for local grass areas. The inventory has identified a number of grass pollen source areas present within the city domain. The comparison of the measured pollen concentrations with the inventory shows that the atmospheric concentrations of grass pollen in the urban zone reflect the source areas identified in the inventory, and that the pollen sources that are found to affect the pollen levels are located near or within the city domain. The results also show that during days with peak levels of pollen concentrations there is no correlation between the three urban traps and an operational trap located just 60 km away. This finding suggests that during intense flowering, the grass pollen concentration mirrors the local source distribution and is thus a local-scale phenomenon. Model simulations aimed at assessing population exposure to pollen levels are therefore recommended to take into account both local sources and local atmospheric transport, and not to rely only on describing regional to long-range transport of pollen. The derived pollen source inventory can be entered into local-scale atmospheric transport models in combination with other components that simulate pollen release in order to calculate urban-scale variations in the grass pollen load. The gridded inventory with a resolution of 14 m is therefore made available as supplementary material to this paper, and the verifying grass pollen observations are additionally available in tabular form.
The impact of global warming on seasonality of ocean primary production
Authors: Henson S. , Cole H. , Beaulieu C. , Yool A.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. The seasonal cycle (i.e. phenology) of oceanic primary production (PP) is expected to change in response to climate warming. Here, we use output from 6 global biogeochemical models to examine the response in the seasonal amplitude of PP and timing of peak PP to the IPCC AR5 warming scenario. We also investigate whether trends in PP phenology may be more rapidly detectable than trends in PP itself. The seasonal amplitude of PP decreases by an average of 1–2% per year by 2100 in most biomes, with the exception of the Arctic which sees an increase of ~1% per year. This is accompanied by an advance in the timing of peak PP by ~0.5–1 months by 2100 over much of the globe, and particularly pronounced in the Arctic. These changes are driven by an increase in seasonal amplitude of sea surface temperature (where the maxima get hotter faster than the minima) and a decrease in the seasonal amplitude of the mixed layer depth and surface nitrate concentration. Our results indicate a transformation of currently strongly seasonal (bloom forming) regions, typically found at high latitudes, into weakly seasonal (non-bloom) regions, characteristic of contemporary subtropical conditions. On average, 36 yr of data are needed to detect a climate change-driven trend in the seasonal amplitude of PP, compared to 32 yr for mean annual PP. We conclude that analysis of phytoplankton phenology is not necessarily a shortcut to detecting climate change impacts on ocean productivity.
Long-term nitrogen addition decreases carbon leaching in nitrogen-rich forest ecosystems
Authors: Lu X. , Gilliam F. S. , Yu G. , Li L. , Mao Q. , Chen H. , Mo J.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays a critical role in the carbon (C) cycle of forest soils, and has been recently connected with global increases in nitrogen (N) deposition. Most studies on effects of elevated N deposition on DOC have been carried out in N-limited temperate regions, with far fewer data available from N-rich ecosystems, especially in the context of chronically elevated N deposition. Furthermore, mechanisms for excess N-induced changes of DOC dynamics have been suggested to be different between the two kinds of ecosystems, because of the different ecosystem N status. The purpose of this study was to experimentally examine how long-term N addition affects DOC dynamics below the primary rooting zones (the upper 20 cm soils) in typically N-rich lowland tropical forests. We have a primary assumption that long-term continuous N addition minimally affects DOC concentrations and effluxes in N-rich tropical forests. Experimental N addition was administered at the following levels: 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Results showed that seven years of N addition significantly decreased DOC concentrations in soil solution, and chemo-physical controls (solution acidity change and soil sorption) rather than biological controls may mainly account for the decreases, in contrast to other forests. We further found that N addition greatly decreased annual DOC effluxes from the primary rooting zone and increased water-extractable DOC in soils. Our results suggest that long-term N deposition could increase soil C sequestration in the upper soils by decreasing DOC efflux from that layer in N-rich ecosystems, a novel mechanism for continued accumulation of soil C in old-growth forests.
Using multi-model averaging to improve the reliability of catchment scale nitrogen predictions
Authors: Exbrayat J.-F. , Viney N. R. , Frede H.-G. , Breuer L.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Hydro-biogeochemical models are used to foresee the impact of mitigation measures on water quality. Usually, scenario-based studies rely on single model applications. This is done in spite of the widely acknowledged advantage of ensemble approaches to cope with structural model uncertainty issues. As an attempt to demonstrate the reliability of such multi-model efforts in the hydro-biogeochemical context, this methodological contribution proposes an adaptation of the reliability ensemble averaging (REA) philosophy to nitrogen losses predictions. A total of 4 models are used to predict the total nitrogen (TN) losses from the well-monitored Ellen Brook catchment in Western Australia. Simulations include re-predictions of current conditions and a set of straightforward management changes targeting fertilisation scenarios. Results show that, in spite of good calibration metrics, one of the models provides a very different response to management changes. This behaviour leads the simple average of the ensemble members to also predict reductions in TN export that are not in agreement with the other models. However, considering the convergence of model predictions in the more sophisticated REA approach assigns more weight to previously less well-calibrated models that are more in agreement with each other. This method also avoids having to disqualify any of the ensemble members.
CLM4-BeTR, a generic biogeochemical transport and reaction module for CLM4: model development, evaluation, and application
Authors: Tang J. Y. , Riley W. J. , Koven C. D. , Subin Z. M.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. To improve regional and global biogeochemistry modeling and climate predictability, we have developed a generic reactive transport module for the land model CLM4 (called CLM4-BeTR (Biogeochemical Transport and Reactions)). CLM4-BeTR represents the transport, interactions, and biotic and abiotic transformations of an arbitrary number of tracers (aka chemical species) in an arbitrary number of phases (e.g., dissolved, gaseous, sorbed, aggregate). An operator splitting approach was employed and consistent boundary conditions were derived for each modeled sub-process. Aqueous tracer fluxes, associated with hydrological processes such as surface run-on and run-off, belowground drainage, and ice to liquid conversion were also computed consistently with the bulk water fluxes calculated by the soil physics module in CLM4. The transport code was evaluated and found in good agreement with several analytical test cases using a time step of 30 min. The model was then applied at the Harvard Forest site with a representation of depth-dependent belowground biogeochemistry. The results indicated that, at this site, (1) CLM4-BeTR was able to simulate soil–surface CO2 effluxes and soil CO2 profiles accurately; (2) the transient surface CO2 effluxes calculated based on the tracer transport mechanism were in general not equal to the belowground CO2 production rates with the magnitude of the difference being a function of averaging timescale and site conditions: differences were large (−20 ~ 20%) on hourly, smaller (−5 ~ 5%) at daily timescales, and persisted to the monthly timescales with a smaller magnitude (<4%); (3) losses of CO2 through processes other than surface gas efflux were less than 1% of the overall soil respiration; and (4) the contributions of root respiration and heterotrophic respiration have distinct temporal signals in surface CO2 effluxes and soil CO2 concentrations. The development of CLM4-BeTR will allow detailed comparisons between ecosystem observations and predictions and insights to the modeling of terrestrial biogeochemistry.
Numerical issues associated with compensating and competing processes in climate models: an example from ECHAM-HAM
Authors: Wan H. , Rasch P. J. , Zhang K. , Kazil J. , Leung L. R.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the need for appropriate numerical techniques to represent process interactions in climate models. In two versions of the ECHAM-HAM model, different time integration methods are used to solve the sulfuric acid (H2SO4) gas evolution equation, which lead to substantially different results in the H2SO4 gas concentration and the aerosol nucleation rate. Using convergence tests and sensitivity simulations performed with various time stepping schemes, it is confirmed that numerical errors in the second model version are significantly smaller than those in version one. The use of sequential operator splitting in combination with long time step is identified as the main reason for the large systematic biases in the old model. The remaining errors of nucleation rate in version two, related to the competition between condensation and nucleation, have a clear impact on the simulated concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the lower troposphere. These errors can be significantly reduced by employing an implicit solver that handles production, condensation and nucleation at the same time. Lessons learned in this work underline the need for more caution when treating multi-time-scale problems involving compensating and competing processes, a common occurrence in current climate models.
Monthly hydrometeorological ensemble prediction of streamflow droughts and corresponding drought indices
Authors: Fundel F. , Jörg-Hess S. , Zappa M.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Streamflow droughts, characterized by low runoff as consequence of a drought event, affect numerous aspects of life. Economic sectors that are impacted by low streamflow are, e.g., power production, agriculture, tourism, water quality management and shipping. Those sectors could potentially benefit from forecasts of streamflow drought events, even of short events on the monthly time scales or below. Numerical hydrometeorological models have increasingly been used to forecast low streamflow and have become the focus of recent research. Here, we consider daily ensemble runoff forecasts for the river Thur, which has its source in the Swiss Alps. We focus on the evaluation of low streamflow and of the derived indices as duration, severity and magnitude, characterizing streamflow droughts up to a lead time of one month. The ECMWF VarEPS 5-member ensemble reforecast, which covers 18 yr, is used as forcing for the hydrological model PREVAH. A thorough verification reveals that, compared to probabilistic peak-flow forecasts, which show skill up to a lead time of two weeks, forecasts of streamflow droughts are skilful over the entire forecast range of one month. For forecasts at the lower end of the runoff regime, the quality of the initial state seems to be crucial to achieve a good forecast quality in the longer range. It is shown that the states used in this study to initialize forecasts satisfy this requirement. The produced forecasts of streamflow drought indices, derived from the ensemble forecasts, could be beneficially included in a decision-making process. This is valid for probabilistic forecasts of streamflow drought events falling below a daily varying threshold, based on a quantile derived from a runoff climatology. Although the forecasts have a tendency to overpredict streamflow droughts, it is shown that the relative economic value of the ensemble forecasts reaches up to 60%, in case a forecast user is able to take preventive action based on the forecast.
Prediction of dissolved reactive phosphorus losses from small agricultural catchments: calibration and validation of a parsimonious model
Authors: Hahn C. , Prasuhn V. , Stamm C. , Lazzarotto P. , Evangelou M. W. H. , Schulin R.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Eutrophication of surface waters due to diffuse phosphorus (P) losses continues to be a severe water quality problem world-wide, causing the loss of ecosystem functions of the respective water bodies. Phosphorus in runoff often originates from a small fraction of a catchment only. Targeting mitigation measures to these critical source areas (CSA) is expected to be most efficient and cost-effective, but requires suitable tools. Here we investigated the capability of the parsimonious Rainfall-Runoff-Phosphorus (RRP) model to identify CSA in grassland-dominated catchments based on readily available soil and topographic data. After simultaneous calibration on runoff data from four small hilly catchments on the Swiss Plateau, the model was validated on a different catchment in the same region without further calibration. The RRP model adequately simulated the discharge and dissolved reactive P (DRP) export from the validation catchment. Sensitivity analysis showed that the model predictions were robust with respect to the classification of soils into "poorly drained" and "well drained", based on the available soil map. Comparing spatial hydrological model predictions with field data from the validation catchment provided further evidence that the assumptions underlying the model are valid and that the model adequately accounts for the dominant P export processes in the target region. Thus, the parsimonious RRP model is a valuable tool that can be used to determine CSA. Despite the considerable predictive uncertainty regarding the spatial extent of CSAs the RRP can provide guidance for the implementation of mitigation measures. The model helps to identify those parts of a catchment where high DRP losses are expected or can be excluded with high confidence. Legacy P was predicted to be the dominant source for DRP losses and thus, in combination with hydrologic active areas, a high risk for water quality.
Salinity in the Sicily Channel corroborates the role of the Adriatic–Ionian Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS) in shaping the decadal variability of the Mediterranean overturning circulation
Authors: Gačić M. , Schroeder K. , Civitarese G. , Cosoli S. , Vetrano A. , Eusebi Borzelli G. L.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Previous studies have demonstrated that the salinity in the Levantine basin depends on the intensity of the Atlantic water (AW) inflow. Moreover, its spreading eastward (to the Levantine basin) or northward (to the Ionian Sea) is determined by the Ionian circulation pattern, i.e. by the Adriatic–Ionian Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS) mechanism. The aim of this paper is to relate salinity variations in the Levantine basin to the salt content variability in the core of the Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) passing through the Sicily Channel (SC) and its possible impact on the Western Mediterranean Transition – WMT (i.e. the sudden salinity and temperature increase in the deep layer of the Algero-Provençal subbasin occurring since 2004). From the historical data set MEDAR/MEDATLAS in the Levantine and northern Ionian, we present evidence of decadal occurrences of extreme salinities associated with the varying influx of AW over the last 60 yr. Furthermore, we show that the salinity variations in the two subbasins are out of phase. High-salinity episodes in the Levantine are a pre-conditioning for the potential occurrence of the events like the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT). Cross-correlation between the salinity time series in the Levantine basin and in the SC suggests that the travel time of the LIW is between 10 and 13 yr. Comparing the timing of the salinity increase associated with the WMT and the salinity in the LIW core in the SC, we estimate that the total time interval needed for the signal propagating from the Levantine to reach the deep mixed layers of the Algero-Provençal subbasin is about 25 yr. We also showed that the extra salt input from the eastern Mediterranean contribute up to about 60% to the salt content increase in the bottom layer of the western Mediterranean.
Assessment of MERIS ocean color data products for European seas
Authors: Zibordi G. , Mélin F. , Berthon J.-F. , Canuti E.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. The accuracy of marine data products from the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) operated onboard the Envisat platform, is investigated with the aid of in situ geographically distributed measurements from different European seas. The assessment focusses on standard products from the 2012 data update commonly identified as 3rd Reprocessing. Results indicate atmospherically corrected data affected by a negative bias of several tens percent at the 413 nm center-wavelength, significantly decreasing to a few percent at 560 nm and increasing again at 665 nm. Such an underestimate at the blue center-wavelengths leads to an average overestimate of the algal-1 MERIS pigment index largely exceeding 100% for the considered European seas. A comparable overestimate is also observed for the algal-2 pigment index independently determined from top-of-atmosphere radiance through the application of neural networks.
Considering Glass Ceiling in Turkey: Ideas of Executives in Education Sector Regarding Women in the Workplace
Authors: Ayranci Evren , Gurbuz Tamer
Published: January 2013

The purpose of this study is to determine, taking the “glass ceiling” into account, which factors contribute to the ideas of top education executives regarding women in the workplace and to identify whether these ideas vary depending on the executives’ demographic profile. This research included top state high school executives from Istanbul. An important conclusion was that the participants took into consideration only the “executive” qualities of the women in their workplace. In other words, they were already thinking about women in executive positions when participating. The participants had positive opinions regarding female executives and thoughts on the ability of female executives to create a balance between home and work. To a significant extent, these ideas varied depending on the participants’ gender. When considering the participants’ number of children, the ideas also generated differences. Age and marital status did not influence the participants’ ideas about female executives.
The Use of Aids for Teaching Language Components
Authors: Alduais Ahmed Mohammed
Published: January 2013

Purpose: To present briefly the basic used phases when using aids to teach language components and also to outline the possible aids that could be used to support the teaching of each language component.   Method: Related literature about the teaching of language components and use of aids were thoroughly consulted. On the basis of this, the study did not include any data-collection, investigated hypotheses, or whatever! It is just a descriptive study. Results: The descriptive discussion of the above raised issue indicated that three phases are to be minimally considered when using aids to teach the sound system component: discrimination and recognition, repletion and/or imitation, and free-production; three phases also for grammatical structures, namely: mechanical-drills, meaningful-exercises, and communicative exercises; and three also for vocabulary: form, meaning, and contextual usage and collocations. Besides, the major possible aids for teaching each language component were outlined and followed with the use of conventional labs, radio and TV¾for teaching language components. The last part introduced computer-assisted language learning CALL, its uses and the advantages of using it for teaching language components in particular and language skills in general.   Conclusions: The use of aids whether they were conventional or modern is inexorably required so that language teachers can achieve what could have never been achieved through non-aid use teaching methods and/or strategies. Keywords: Language components, aids for teaching language components, , sound system, vocabulary, grammatical structures, computer-assisted language learning, aids-use teaching approach, non-aids-use teaching approach
Gender-based Failure to Infer Implicatures from Pre-TOEFL Listening
Authors: Hasan Arifuddin , Susanto Susanto
Published: January 2013

Inferring conversational implicatures could be difficult for foreign language learners. Some studies show that English proficiency of Indonesian English students, teachers and lecturers are low. Unfortunately, none of the studies dealt with factors which determine the learners’ failures to interpret each type of implicature questions on the basis of gender. The present study aimed at exploring types of implicature question of aural short conversations in Pre-TOEFL failed to be answered correctly and their causes experienced by a) males b) females students of EEPUM. Data were collected through  Part A Pre-TOEFL test, Inventory of Determining Factors of Failure, Interview Protocol, Recording  and Note-taking and analysed with  a cyclical qualitative analysis on the basis of  Brown & Yules’s theory,  Anderson’s model and Goh’s five factors affecting listening. Types of implicature questions failed to be answered correctly and their determining factors are shown. Key words: Inferring, Implicature, Proficiency, Gender, Failure.
Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance of Corporations: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Nadeem , Ahmad Naveed , Basheer Nauman Ahmad , Nadeem Muhammad
Published: January 2013

This paper estimates the relationship of corporate social responsibility, financial performance, market value of the share and financial leverage . In this particular study, 156 listed companies on Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) from textile sector, chemical sector, cement sector and the tobacco sector are taken. The observations are taken for the entire period of 2010 and 2011 from the published resources of state bank of Pakistan. In aggregate, the results of the study conclude that corporate social performance (CSR) has no effect on financial performance (CFP) . It is obvious from the results that CSR has negative effect on the market value of the share but no relationship to D/E behavior of the firm, significantly. Moreover, the investors do not have the same level of information as the information is captured by the management about the company affairs. In addition, the debt singling hypothesis indicates that the further incorporation of debt into capital structure should influence the behavior of the investor, regarding to the investment in the shares positively, but due to information asymmetry, it is negative. This study further provides the room to test the model of effect of CSR on stock returns in a portfolio construction. Key words: Corporate Social Responsibility, Financial Performance, Market Performance, Market Value.
Turkish Vocational School Students’ Perception of 5E Teaching Model
Authors: Kazu Ibrahim Yasar , Bozu Emine
Published: January 2013

This purpose of this study is to determine perception of students about implementation of 5E teaching model, one of the applications of constructivist approach in classroom environment, in vocational schools. For this purpose a 32-question survey was administered. 631 students were surveyed, including 227 male, 404 female studentsof 13 different programmes in Tunceli Vocational School of Tunceli University during the 2011-2012 academic year. Average, t-test, standard deviation, frequency and percentage distribution were used for the analysis of the research data. According to the results of the study, significant variations by gender were detected in 6 items, including “Supporting learning by revealing pre-knowledge”, “Defining the wrong points in the developed hypotheses ”, “Considering as unnecessary the instructor’s encouragement tolearn”, “Listening to the explanations of my friends”, “Giving opportunity for peer-review among students” and “Giving answers to questions with admissible evidences”. Affirming with their replies, the students revealed the applicability of the model. However further studies are necessary to see the implementation of the phases of the 5E model respectively, and it is considered that different researches should be performed with the purpose ofobserving that necessarypre-learning for each phase has been carried out.
Customer Perception Regarding Car Loans in Islamic and Conventional Banking
Authors: Hassan M. Taimoor , Ahmed Mehtab , Imran Muhammad , Naeem Azhar , Waheed Mudassir , Ahmed Shahbaz
Published: January 2013

Purpose: To see the customer perception regarding car loans in Islamic and conventional banking. Methodologies: This study is based on primary data. These followed by only Bahawalpur corporate customers are taken as the sample research. Firstly the persons have been identified of the selected banks that are the financial affairs of those banks. When these people show their willingness then questionnaire has been filled by them and the required data has been collected. The statistical technique chi-square had been adapted for analysis the data. Findings: Total 120 questionnaires have been distributed among different banks and out of which 104 were get completed and returned. Peoples prefer conventional banks for car loans as compared to Islamic banks.   Key Words: Islamic Banking, Corporate Customer, Car Financing.
An Application of the Theory of Planned behavior (TBP) in describing Customers’ Use of Cash Cards in Points of Sale (POS)
Authors: Haghighi Mohammad , Rahrovy Elnaz , Vaezi Hadi
Published: January 2013

This paper aims to investigate the use of cash cards in points of sale (POS), applying the theory of planned behavior. A field survey was conducted in Tehran, Iran. Data was collected and analyzed from 163 customers who have referred to chain stories in the area of Tehran. Findings indicate that the theory of planned behaviour is a suitable instrument to predict using cash cards by customers. In addition, multiple regression analysis revealed that attitude towards cash cards, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control have a positive and significant impact on intention to use cash cards by customers. Managers should consider various facets of customer decision-making process and try to enhance quality of provided payment services to satisfy customers. Key­words: Cash card, Consumer behavior, Service quality, Tehran
The Influence of Household Procurement Strategies on Food Intake and Nutritional Status of Pre-school Children in Rural Western Kenya
Authors: Walingo Mary K. , Kidake Francis M.
Published: January 2013

A cross sectional survey design was set up to assess the influence of household procurement strategies on food intake and nutritional status of preschool children in from 196 households in Vihiga County, Kenya. Dietary diversity was positively correlated with food availability (p<0.05). Increased consumption of bread and cereals, and, fruits and vegetables was influenced by food availability and food consumption (dietary diversity) (<0.05). Roots and tubers, legumes and pulses, and carbonated drinks were the main contributors to food procurement strategies and availability (F= 3.419, F sig=0.02). Nutrition outcome was influenced by household socioeconomic status (R= 0.189, p value = 0.012) and income levels of households (R= 0.246, p value= 0.002), while procurement strategies had no effect on the nutritional status of the pre-school child. Household income levels determined food availability, diversity and intake.
Two Integral Operators Defined with Bessel Functions on the Class N(β)
Authors: Nicoleta Ularu
Published: January 2013

Using Bessel functions of first kind we introduce new integral operators and show that these operators are in the class N(β).
Les descendants d’immigrés en couple mixte au prisme de l’enquête « Trajectoires et Origines »
Authors: Collet Beate , Santelli Emmanuelle
Published: January 2013

Cet article décrit l’option conjugale « mixte » des descendants d’immigrés d’origine maghrébine, sahélienne et turque en France. Il articule les facteurs culturels et sociaux contribuant au choix conjugal. L’enquête Trajectoires et Origines (INED-INSEE, 2008) fournit des résultats statistiques concernant les options conjugales (couples endogames ou mixtes) et permet de les confronter aux couples entre Français sans ascendance migratoire. Les « couples mixtes » se démarquent des couples endogames et aussi des couples témoins. Tandis que pour leur mise en couple (lieux de rencontres, cohabitation hors mariage) ils correspondent au groupe témoin, ils ressemblent plus aux couples endogames en ce qui concerne leur situation résidentielle et leur inscription religieuse.
Utilisation des langues chez des couples interculturels à Hong Kong : quels impacts sur les constructions identitaires?
Authors: Dervin Fred
Published: January 2013

Partant du contexte d’une des régions administratives spéciales de la République populaire de Chine, Hong Kong, cette étude s’intéresse aux constructions identitaires de trois couples interculturels ayant recours à une lingua franca (l’anglais mais aussi d’autres langues) pour communiquer au quotidien. Ce contexte, peu étudié, peut apporter de nouvelles pistes dans l’étude des relations intimes interculturelles. La recherche est fondée sur une approche antiessentialiste, mais constructionniste de l’identité, qui permet de faire émerger certains malentendus et jeux identitaires dans les discours des couples.
The cytochrome P450 complement (CYPome) of Mycosphaerella graminicola
Authors: Newsome Alun W. , Nelson David , Corran Andrew , Kelly Steven L. , Kelly Diane E.
Published: January 2013

Mycosphaerella graminicola is a key fungal pathogen of wheat and a major target for azole fungicides, many of whose central mode of action is through inhibition of cytochrome P450 51 (lanosterol 14α‐demethylase) in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway. The range of activities of other fungal CYPs is thought to be a reflection of the differences between different organisms and their range of secondary metabolic pathways as a response to their niche environments, for example, in the production of mycotoxins. The present study collates information from a range of databases, to classify the CYPs found in M. graminicola and assign them an internationally recognized nomenclature, which, when referenced to the recent publication of the JGI version 2.0 genome model, creates a current, robust model for the CYP complement (CYPome) of M. graminicola. These CYPome data, which examined 82 CYPs and one pseudo‐gene, may be utilized not only to further characterize and describe the physiology of the organism but also to enhance our understanding of CYP function and diversity.
Synthesis and characterization of vinyl‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes based molecular imprinted polymer for the separation of chlorpyrifos from aqueous solutions
Authors: Anirudhan Thayyath S. , Alexander Sheeba
Published: January 2013

Background

The present study reports the functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with vinyl groups through nitric acid oxidation along with reaction with allylamine. MWCNTs based imprinted polymer (MWCNT‐MIP) were synthesized by means of methacrylic acid (MAA) as the monomer, trimethylol propane trimethacrylate (TRIM) as the cross linker, α, αʹ‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator and chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphate pesticide molecule as the template.

Results

The prepared material was characterized by means of FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis. The competence of MWCNT‐MIP to adsorb CPF from aqueous solutions was calculated. The maximum adsorption was found to be at pH 7.0 and adsorption capability attained saturation in 3 h. The kinetic information was found to follow pseudo‐second‐order model, indicating chemisorption. The strong conformity of equilibrium data with the Langmuir isotherm model confirms the monolayer coverage of CPF on the MWCNT‐MIP surface. The maximum adsorption ability based on the Langmuir isotherm model was found to be 38.14 mg g−1 at 30°C. The spent adsorbent was successfully regenerated by means of 0.1 mol L−1 CH3COOH.

Conclusion

Analysis revealed that MWCNT‐MIP could be a useful substance for the removal of CPF from aqueous solutions. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
New onset of atrial fibrillation in the hospitalized patient
Authors: Bhave Prashant D. , Kamel Hooman
Published: January 2013

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common dysrhythmia that clinicians often encounter while caring for hospitalized patients. Although many patients will have carried a diagnosis of AF prior to hospital admission, this review will pertain to patients for whom a first documented episode of AF occurs during hospitalization. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:154–158. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Steric hindrance in cationic and neutral rhodamine 6 G molecules adsorbed on Au nanoparticles
Authors: Yajima Toru , Yu Yingying , Futamata Masayuki
Published: January 2013

The adsorption of cationic and neutral R6G molecules on Au nanoparticles was elucidated by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The steric hindrance at hydroethyl amino (‐N(H)Et) groups in R6G was evidenced by the observation that R6G+ adsorb on as‐prepared gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) only with electrostatic forces, in contrast to the electrostatic and chemical adsorption of R123+ with dihydro amino (‐NH2) groups on as‐prepared AuNPs. Large steric hindrance at the amino groups in R6G yielded saturated coverage of 700 molecules/AuNP for R6G+ significantly fewer than 1000 molecules/AuNP for R123+. In addition, neutral R6G0 on AuNPs showed markedly enhanced peaks at 1200–1600 cm−1, which were not observed in Raman spectra of R6G0 in bulk solution, and also in SERS of R6G+ on AuNPs. These bands are attributed to vibrational modes of an outer phenyl ring and ethyl amino groups, which are vertical to a xanthene plane, on the basis of theoretical analysis of molecular vibrations. Thus, Raman scattering of these bands is enhanced under an inclined orientation of R6G0 molecules chemisorbed on AuNPs via lone pair electrons at amino groups. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PV demand and supply in China
Authors: Li H. L. , Chen D. P. , Zhao L. , Zhou Ch. L. , Liu Zh. G. , Wang W. J.
Published: January 2013

There is a large gap between photovoltaic (PV) demand and PV supply in China. For a long time, more than 90% of the PV cells were exported to other countries, mainly to European and US region. But in 2012, US government decided to impose high tariffs on solar modules from China, then European Commission will announce their tariffs in 2013. In this context, we discussed the question on how the supply in China will be driven by demand in the following years by analyzing the driving forces for domestic demand in past 10 years, the structure and status of PV supply chain in China, and the future domestic demand to 2020. The point made by this study is that about half of current capacity in China will survive to next wave of strong demand. But the premise is that Chinese government should make more efforts to clear technical and nontechnical barriers for grid connection. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When does ownership matter? Board characteristics and behavior
Authors: Desender Kurt A. , Aguilera Ruth V. , Crespi Rafel , GarcÍa‐cestona Miguel
Published: January 2013

We develop a contingency approach to explain how firm ownership influences the monitoring function of the board—measured as the magnitude of external audit fees contracted by the board—by extending agency theory to incorporate the resource dependence notion that boards have distinct incentives and abilities to monitor management. Analyses of data on Continental European companies reveal that while board independence and audit services are complementary when ownership is dispersed, this is not the case when ownership is concentrated—suggesting that ownership concentration and board composition become substitutes in terms of monitoring management. Additional analysis shows that the relationship between board composition and external audit fees is also contingent upon the type of the controlling shareholder. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How firms respond to mandatory information disclosure
Authors: Doshi Anil R. , Dowell Glen W. S. , Toffel Michael W.
Published: January 2013

Mandatory information disclosure regulations seek to create institutional pressure to spur performance improvement. By examining how organizational characteristics moderate establishments' responses to a prominent environmental information disclosure program, we provide among the first empirical evidence characterizing heterogeneous responses by those mandated to disclose information. We find particularly rapid improvement among establishments located close to their headquarters and among establishments with proximate siblings, especially when the proximate siblings are in the same industry. Large establishments improve more slowly than small establishments in sparse regions, but both groups perform similarly in dense regions, suggesting that density mitigates the power of large establishments to resist institutional pressures. Finally, establishments owned by private firms outperform those owned by public firms. We highlight implications for institutional theory, managers, and policymakers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parenting advantage in the MNC: An embeddedness perspective on the value added by headquarters
Authors: Nell Phillip C. , Ambos Björn
Published: January 2013

What determines the value anMNC's headquarters adds to its own affiliates? In this paper, we shed light on this question by linking the embeddedness view of the multinational corporation to the literature on parenting advantage. We test our hypotheses on an original dataset of 124 manufacturing subsidiaries located in Europe. Our results indicate that the external embeddedness of theMNCis an antecedent to headquarters' value creation. We find that headquarters' investments into their own relationships with the subsidiaries' contexts are positively related to the value added by headquarters. Furthermore, this relationship is stronger when the subsidiary itself is strongly embedded. We discuss implications for theMNCliterature, embeddedness research, and the literature on parenting and headquarters' roles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How much to make and how much to buy? An analysis of optimal plural sourcing strategies
Authors: Puranam Phanish , Gulati Ranjay , Bhattacharya Sourav
Published: January 2013

While many theories of the firm seek to explain when firms make rather than buy, in practice firms often make and buy the same input—they engage in plural sourcing. We argue that explaining the mix of external procurement and internal sourcing for the same input requires a consideration of complementarities across and constraints within modes of procurement. We create analytical foundations for making empirical predictions about when plural sourcing is likely to be optimal and why the optimal mix of internal and external sourcing may vary across situations. Our framework also proves useful for assessing the possible estimation biases in transaction level make‐or‐buy studies arising from ignoring complementarities and constraints. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perioperative Nursing Care of the Patient Undergoing Bariatric Revision Surgery
Authors: Neil Janice A.
Published: January 2013

Obesity has become a major health concern in the United States. The number of patients seeking bariatric surgery has grown exponentially in recent years because of the proven success of weight‐loss surgery, greater public acceptance, and the increasing number of insurers who will pay for these surgeries. Patients may seek bariatric revision procedures if the primary procedure does not achieve the desired results, if he or she gains back the weight lost after the primary procedure, if the comorbid conditions associated with obesity were not resolved, or if severe adverse effects and complications have occurred as a result of the primary bariatric procedure. Perioperative nurses must be knowledgeable about how to care for bariatric surgery patients with skill and compassion.
Implementing a Bariatric Surgery Program
Authors: Ide Patricia , Fitzgerald‐O'Shea Claire , Lautz David B.
Published: January 2013

The number of people who are obese or morbidly obese is increasing in the United States. Currently, the most effective means of losing a substantial amount of weight and maintaining the weight loss is bariatric surgery, and health care providers, especially those in surgical services, must be able to safely care for patients undergoing these surgeries. Financial implications of starting a bariatric surgery program and the ongoing costs must be fully understood and supported by both administrators and employees. Special equipment and supplies are needed to handle the higher weight of bariatric patients, and careful planning is required for adequate medical and nursing expertise, staffing, equipment, supplies, facility resources, and patient support services.
Care of the Older Adult in Surgery
Authors: Stein Patricia
Published: January 2013

Care of the Older Adult in Surgery, AORN, Inc, Ciné‐Med, producer, 2012, DVD, http://cine‐med.com/index.php?nav=aorn&cat=Clinical+Topics&id=1955
Global Genomic Arrangement of Bacterial Genes Is Closely Tied with the Total Transcriptional Efficiency
Authors: Ma Qin , Xu Ying
Published: January 2013

The availability of a large number of sequenced bacterial genomes allows researchers not only to derive functional and regulation information about specific organisms but also to study the fundamental properties of the organization of a genome. Here we address an important and challenging question regarding the global arrangement of operons in a bacterial genome: why operons in a bacterial genome are arranged in the way they are. We have previously studied this question and found that operons of more frequently activated pathways tend to be more clustered together in a genome. Specifically, we have developed a simple sequential distance-based pseudo energy function and found that the arrangement of operons in a bacterial genome tend to minimize the clusteredness function (C value) in comparison with artificially-generated alternatives, for a variety of bacterial genomes. Here we extend our previous work, and report a number of new observations: (a) operons of the same pathways tend to group into a few clusters rather than one; and (b) the global arrangement of these operon clusters tend to minimize a new “energy” function (C+ value) that reflects the efficiency of the transcriptional activation of the encoded pathways. These observations provide insights into further study of the genomic organization of genes in bacteria.
Appropriate use criteria for amyloid PET: A report of the Amyloid Imaging Task Force, the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, and the Alzheimer's Association
Authors: Johnson Keith A. , Minoshima Satoshi , Bohnen Nicolaas I. , Donohoe Kevin J. , Foster Norman L. , Herscovitch Peter , Karlawish Jason H. , Rowe Christopher C. , Carrillo Maria C. , Hartley Dean M. , Hedrick Saima , Pappas Virginia , Thies William H.
Published: January 2013

Positron emission tomography (PET) of brain amyloid β is a technology that is becoming more available, but its clinical utility in medical practice requires careful definition. To provide guidance to dementia care practitioners, patients, and caregivers, the Alzheimer's Association and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging convened the Amyloid Imaging Taskforce (AIT). The AIT considered a broad range of specific clinical scenarios in which amyloid PET could potentially be used appropriately. Peer‐reviewed, published literature was searched to ascertain available evidence relevant to these scenarios, and the AIT developed a consensus of expert opinion. Although empirical evidence of impact on clinical outcomes is not yet available, a set of specific appropriate use criteria (AUC) were agreed on that define the types of patients and clinical circumstances in which amyloid PET could be used. Both appropriate and inappropriate uses were considered and formulated, and are reported and discussed here. Because both dementia care and amyloid PET technology are in active development, these AUC will require periodic reassessment. Future research directions are also outlined, including diagnostic utility and patient‐centered outcomes.
Medizinische Versorgungszentren – eine Idee setzt sich durch
Authors: Amelung Volker E. , Wolf Sascha
Published: January 2013

Einleitung

Kaum eine andere neue Versorgungsform hat bei Ihrer Einführung so sehr polarisiert wie Medizinische Versorgungszentren (MVZ). Doch die Befürchtungen der Kritiker haben sich als unbegründet erwiesen. Weder die Verdrängung gewachsener Praxisstrukturen durch finanzstarke Konzerne noch die bewusste Mengenausweitung im stationären Bereich durch klinikbetriebene Einrichtungen ist erfolgt. Stattdessen haben MVZ einen evolutorischen Prozess angestoßen und leisten einen Beitrag zur Vermeidung von Unterversorgung und befördern integrierte Therapieabläufe.
Regional variation in the terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene radiocarbon record of eastern North America
Authors: Miller D. Shane , Gingerich Joseph A.M.
Published: January 2013

In this paper we use radiocarbon dates to evaluate the signature of the Younger Dryas Chronozone (YDC) in eastern North America. Using an approach that examines radiocarbon dates by region, we argue that the northeastern United States shows a better overall representation of radiocarbon dates when compared to the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast. These data result in a peak in summed probability distributions during the YDC, which is often interpreted as evidence of population growth. Further examination of these distributions, however, illustrates that differential standard deviations, varying sample size, and the effect of taphonomic and research biases likely overwhelm any demographic signatures in our study sample. Consequently, the frequency of radiocarbon dates by itself is insufficient for understanding the relationship between climate, culture and demography in eastern North America.