bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La integración del momento de la técnica en el proceso de estudio de campos de problemas de matemáticas
Authors: Bosch M. , Gascón Pérez J.
Published: June 2021

This article provides a model of mathematical activity which describes it in terms of the study of fields of problems. This model helps us to analyze some didactical phenomena which are characteristic of the present systems of mathematics teaching. Special emphasis is devoted to the relation between the absence of so-called technique work, and some paradoxes about «mathematical creativity». A new didactical device is proposed, the workshop of mathematical practice, in order to bring the technique work alive in the classrooms as an integrating force in the study of mathematical problems. Finally, as an example, one of the workshops designed and tested is described.
El trabajo didáctico de los obstáculos, en el corazón de los aprendizajes científicos
Authors: Astolfi Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2021

The great deal of preconceptions that have been collected in the past ye:ars by sience education researchers, usually lacks the epistemological component. To consider this component will lead us to a more accurate analysis of the obstacles that a student has to overcome through her/his instruction. Is this paper, Astolfi shows the differences between obstacle and preconception, the three stages to overcome an obstacle, and how to use the concept of objective-obstacle to improve science teaching.
Materia inerte/ Materia viva ¿tienen ambas constitución atómica?
Authors: Mondelo Alonso Matilde , García Barros Susana , Martínez Losada Cristina
Published: June 2021

Familiarity with and the correct use of the atomic molecular theory is essential for understanding chemical and biological concepts, and students' knowledge of this question has important pedagogical implications. Both of these aspects are dealt with in this work.
Simulación mediante ordenador de movimientos bidimensionales en medios resistentes
Authors: Martínez-Jiménez P. , León Álvarez J. , Pontes Pedrajas Alfonso
Published: June 2021

We have accomplished a simulation program of mechanics; it is developed in laboratory practice by students in their first years of physics studies at a University level. Its aim is a better understanding of the influence of the variable forces of friction in bidimensional movements. We have verified the effectiveness of this teaching method through the evaluation of the students' progress during the courses in which we have carried out this practice.
Análisis de errores conceptuales en geología a partir de las expresiones gráficas de los estudiantes
Authors: Lillo Beviá José
Published: June 2021

Detection of misconceptions by pupil's drawings permits us to have evidence of some misconceptions wich would have gone unnoticed interpreting only their vocal or writing expressions. Investigation on fossil and fossilisation, internal structure of the Earth, origin of mountains and others, reinforces the previous affirmation and permits us to recommend the non -utilisation of sequential drawings containing high conceptual charge, in order to simplify complex geological processes, because that simplification generates new misconceptions.
Introducción de demostraciones prácticas para la enseñanza de la física en las aulas universitarias
Authors: Vázquez Dorrío J. B. , García Parada E. , González Fernández P.
Published: June 2021

An analysis about utility, characteristics and structure of the so called «practical dernonstrations» is presented in order to introduce a dynamic element in the classroom. Although in apparent contradiction with didactic modern trends that proclaim «what students are able to do by themselves, teachers should not do», practical demonstrations should be placed in an active methodological approach as a complement in the exposition of the contents, getting some importance concerning student passivity, lack of didactic facilities and high number of students per classroom.
Química orgánica para estudiantes de ingeniería de minas e ingeniería metalúrgica
Authors: Maurelia Gómez R.
Published: June 2021

Organic Chemistry is usually related to agricultural, pharmaceutical, alimentary, petroleum and derivate industries among others. However, the use of organic substances in other different industrial fields, like mining and metallurgy has increased and it is hoped that this increment will go on in the future. In this paper, a brief review of this kind of substances was realized. Besides, an Organic Chemistry Program for Mining and Metallurgy Engineering students is proposed.
La necesidad de un cambio metodológico en la enseñanza del equilibrio químico: limitaciones del principio de Le Chatelier
Authors: Quílez Pardo J. , Solaz Portolés Joan Josep , Castelló Hernández M. , Sanjosé López V.
Published: June 2021

This paper studies the didactic approach used in teaching Le Chatelier's Principle, showing that its usual formulation is ambiguous, and reports the way Chemistry textbooks use this principle in some specific cases with no mention of its limitations. The second part of this work analyses the strategies carried out by chemistry teachers when dealing with a specific equilibrium problem. It is shown how the usual methodology practised in both cases may lead to very important misconceptions, so a new methodological performance is proposed to achieve a real significative learning.
Redes conceptuales: base teórica e implicaciones para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje
Authors: Galagovsky Lydia R.
Published: June 2021

A more precise set of recommendations concerning the known technique of constructing conceptual maps is presented. N. Chomsky 's psycholinguistic theory brings the concept of nuclear sentence, which is the milestone for constructing —the now named— conceptual nets. Studies on neuropsychology and research done at different educational levels support the evolution of maps into nets, and explain their big help as an instrument for significant learning.
Concepciones de los alumnos de 15-18 años sobre la estructura interna de la mateiral en el estado sólido
Authors: Posada José María de
Published: June 2021

A questionary of free answers has been used in order to elicit pupils' ideas about the internal structure of some substances. The 15-16 years old pupils (22 de SUP) use an atomic framework with a gas and a non atomics one with solids. The differences between melting points are explained by pupils using macroscopic reasonings, atomic arguments, or mixting both of them.
"El café tiene cafeína y nos despierta, nos da energía": concepciones sobre la energía química, una buena razón para poner de acuerdo a los profesores de Física y Química y ciencias Naturales
Authors: Gallástegui Otero J. R. , Lorenzo Barral F. M.
Published: June 2021

A research was carried on students* conceptions about chemical energy. The experimental sample were students from primary level to university. Word association tasks and a paper and pencil question were used as instruments for collecting data. The test revealed that some students share certain alternative conceptions about chemical energy, and that most of them use ideas about chemical energy in a similar way to what people without formal instruction in this issue would do. Some implications for science teaching -learning are suggested.
Las ideas del alumnado sobre el concepto de célula al finalizar la Educación General Básica
Authors: Caballer Senabre Mª Jesús , Giménez I.
Published: June 2021

This work presents research on children's ideas concerning cells. The concept of the cell is studied from 13 years onwards and is developed in many biology textbooks at this level. The autor's hypothesis is that the concept of the cell is very complex and that it is not possible to understand the functioning as a living organism, nor is it possible to understand the functioning of its organs until a basic knowlege of biochemistry, respiration and photosyntesis is acquired.
Aproximación a los conocimientos que tiene el alumnado al finalizar COU acerca de los materiales geológicos
Authors: Vila Sanz F. , Alberola Giner C.
Published: June 2021

The answers given by 200 Geology students to a set of Multiple Choice questions on geological materials (both: rocks and minerals) are presented. The result of this test shows that there are some relevant aspects that remain unsufficiently known by the students after finishing COU. The necessity of reducing the syllabuses to avoid this fact is pointed out.
La historia de la ciencia como herramienta para la enseñanza de física en secundaria: un ejemplo en calor y temperatura
Authors: Pessoa de Carvalho Anna M. , Castro R. S.
Published: June 2021

In this work we suggest and analyze some stages of a course on heat and temperature which knowledge of the past of the ideas and the solution provided can enable a better understanding of the content, The hypothesis that guided the planning of activities was that the scientific content studied throughout its history comes closer to the cognitive universe, not only of the student, but of man himself.
Los estudiantes y la propagación de las señales mecánicas: Dificultades de una situación de varias variables y procedimientos de simplificación
Authors: Maurines L.
Published: June 2021

This paper analyses the general ways of reasoning used by students when learning the propagation of a signal on a string. Tendencies towards a reduction of the number of variables can be brought out. On the one hand, students tend to combine the variables into a single notion. Their reasoning seems to be based on the idea of a material object (here the bump on the string), described through this single notion. On the other hand, they consider simultaneously never more than two variables so that relations they have learned are changed into binary associations. From this analysis, some pedagogical implications are derived.
Los exámenes de Física en la enseñanza por transmisión y en la enseñanza por investigación
Authors: Alonso Sánchez Manuel , Gil D. , Martínez Torregrosa Joaquín
Published: June 2021

In this paper we show the results of a comparativo andysis between ordinary tests of Physics and Chemistry and the ones used from a constructivist view. The study is focused in two aspects: firstly, it aims to show that the constructivist conception of learning imposes considerable modifications in the tests content; secondly it highlights the deficiencies found in the tests designed after constructivist teaching. These deficiencies will just be solved by an investigation mainly aimed to assessment transformation.
Las ideas de los alumnos y alumnas acerca de la estructura celular de los seres vivos
Authors: Caballer Senabre Mª Jesús , Giménez I.
Published: June 2021

In this article we analyse the spontaneous ideas of students of different levels (EGB, BUP, Teacher Training), in relation to the concept of pluricellularity. The results obtained show the low level of input of academic intruction in the teaching of the cellular structure of living creatures, despite the fact that this subject is treated repeatedly in primary, secondary and teacher training school.
El modelo constructivista y las relaciones ciencia/técnica/sociedad
Authors: Solbes Jordi , Vilches Amparo
Published: June 2021

The importance of the relations Science/Technology/Society with teaching and its convergence with the constructivist model in the science teaching -learning process, is shown in this paper. In the same way, the consequences to the students arisen from the lack of these relations in the daily teaching, are also shown.
Aproximación al conocimiento práctico personal de los profesores de Matemáticas de EGB
Authors: Blanco Nieto L.
Published: June 2021

This work is placed in the teacher thinking paradigm and wants to show some outcomes from a research in teacher training in order to study the teachers' personal practical knowledge. We have used the qualitative method, mainly, the classroom observation, the interview, and the stimulated recall. It is specifically about two examples of mathematics teaching: the teaching of mathematical concepts and problem solving in primary schools.
Participation des maîtres aux modes de raisonnement des élèves
Authors: Viennot L. , Kaminski W.
Published: June 2021

This paper analyses the relationship between teachers and students' reasoning.
L'homme du troisième millénaire face a l'incertitude. Quelle formation pour affronter l'incertitude?
Authors: Viard J.
Published: June 2021

In this paper we intend to establish the idea that a scientific formation can be an adequate background for future citizens to face the uncertainties of their own time. However, this requires questioning the distorted view of science given by society and, more particularly, by education. This article analyzes the origin of the contradiction between scientists activity and its interpretation in society and education and presents some alternative proposals to overcome it.
La generación autónoma de "conflictos cognoscitivos" para favorecer cambios de paradigmas en el aprendizaje de la física.
Authors: Colombo de cudmani L. , Salinas de Sandoval J.
Published: June 2021

Researches agree to show that students have their own conceptual, not instructional schemata, that they use to interpret reality. The learning of Physics would then consist of producing conceptual changes from spontaneous to scientific paradigms. In this work it is outstanding that the learning will be significant not only when such a change is achieved, but fundamentally when it develops in the students strategies and skills that allow them modify the interpretative schemata in an autonomous way whenever the situation requires so. Starting from these ideas we dig into the characteristics of a learning mode significant and operative autonomous and self -generated, and we propose didactic strategies that could favour autonomy in learning.
El reto de un cambio insoslayable. La formación del profesorado de ciencias
Authors: Sáez Mª J.
Published: June 2021

This work is an analysis of science teacher training needs according to the model put forward by the educational authorities and the problems arising in the school experimenting the new curricular design.
Evoluçao da avaliaçao curricular paradigmas e práticas
Authors: Krasilchik M.
Published: June 2021

The paper describes the evolution of curriculum evaluation during the last three decades in order to identify external and internal pressures that affected research. The classical psychometric curriculum research evaluation is contrasted with naturalistic studies and the recent international projects evaluation. Changes in procedures and paradígms are strongly influenced by academic and professional institutions and funding agencies. Being aware of different sources of pressures researchers have more freedom to make options and take decisions about their work.
Contra las interpretaciones simplistas de los resultados de los experimentos realizados en el aula
Authors: Lucas A.M. , García-Rodeja I.
Published: June 2021

This paper is about the importance of the students' interpretation of experiments made in the school. Examples are given of the students' interpretations of specific activities, and possibles classroom strategies bases on these interpretations are suggested.
La comprensión de lectura en textos de Ciencias Naturales
Authors: Santelices L.
Published: June 2021

There are many linguistic factors and pre -scientific notions related to the process of reading comprehension of written materials used in science teaching. This paper shows these factors and proposes some strategies for increasing the reading comprehension of texts related to science teaching.
¿Quién estudia Ciencia en nuestra Universidad?
Authors: Escudero Escorza Tomás
Published: June 2021

The analysis of psychological and educational initial characteristics of students of science and technology in the Spanish University —in contrast with the characteristics of students of other fields— and the relationship with later achievement, is the purpose of the present article. Comparisons between male and female students ara also included.
Velocidades moleculares en sistemas gaseosos macroscópicos
Authors: Pérez Bustamante J. A. , Hidalgo J. L.
Published: June 2021

A considerable number of well-known textbooks written in different languages have been examined in connection with the treatment of the molecular velocities. A surprisingly high number of inconsistencies have been disclosed relating to erroneous concepts, incorrect denominations and notation problems. Suggestions are put forward to circumvent such inconsistencies inequivocally.
Primeros pasos en Química. Una entrevista con Lavoisier
Authors: Cardoso Ferreira N.
Published: June 2021

Some didactic experiments which are presented to students are based on those carried out by the scientists who worked on the topic. Yet, continuous repetition of those in textbooks often distorts the original ideas. This paper, written as a hypothetícal interview with Lavoisier, uses his very words to criticise an experiment on combustion usually found in textbooks.
Procesos de la ciencia y desarrollo cognitivo en Bachillerato
Authors: Palacios C. , López F. , Garrote Flores R. , Montes P.
Published: June 2021

The study described in this report was designed to investigate the relationship between integrated process skills and formal thinking in high school students. Paper and pencil measurement of both variables was made using a sample of 189 students, the average age being, 15 years. The resulting correlation showed a Pearson's of 0.68. An empirical analysis of the cognitive demand of different science process skills was carried out. Some implications for Science Education are, finally, discussed.
Resultados de aplicabilidad pedagógica de una investigación cognitiva en el aprendizaje del análisis matemático
Authors: Álvarez Calvo J. A. , Panizza Mabel
Published: June 2021

We rewiew some results of an investigation on the cognitive process involved in situations of mathematical learning. The issues have been selected because of their importance on the development of a didactical teaching of mathematics, centered in the characteristics of the subject learning that particular domain. Following this criterium we present the most important features and applications that can be proposed by a cognitive study of: the influence of previous naive concepts on the representation of a cognitive domain; aspects related to problem representation; and error as a diagnostic instrument.
Ver y hablar como Tolomeo y pensar como Copérnico
Authors: Lanciano Nicoletta
Published: June 2021

No practical reasons exist to avoid in teaching Ptolemy's planetary model by suggesting the possibility of «seeing and speaking the way Ptolemy did» though we think as Copernicus.
La contribució de la teoria del flogiste a l'estructuració actual de la ciència química. Implicacions didàctiques
Authors: Izquierdo i Aymerich Mercè
Published: June 2021

In this article, the meaning of the Theory of Plogiston is analyzed in the context of the period in which it was formulated. Certain aspects of this theory, which contributed to the structuring of modern concepts of Chemistry are pointed out, as is the inappropriateness of linking this theory to a dark period of the Science of Chemistry —a step back from a former situation— overcome thanks to A.L. Lavoisier, who rejected the theory. Similarly, it must be taken into account that some of the children's ideas about chemical phenomena, though not coincidental with currently accepted scientific theories, are valid starting points for planning an appropriate learning strategy which will lead to the understanding of present-day science.
Física básica: Incidencia de la instrucción sobre los errores conceptuales
Authors: Salinas de Sandoval J. , Cudmani Leonor C. de , Pesa de Danón M.
Published: June 2021

The incidence of some instructional aspects on the persistency of preconcepts and errors has been analized. Confusions, derived from both, the no -integration of friction forces into the introductory experiencies to the mechanic laws study and the fact of not taking into account quantitative criterions to control the laws and models validity, are particulary studied.
Resolución de problemas y creatividad : implicaciones para el currículo de ciencias
Authors: Garrett R. M.
Published: June 2021

This paper deals, mainly, with three questions: why is problem solving seen as an essential activity to be enhanced in schools? What can we understand by problem solving? and, which are the implications for science teaching of a problem solving orientation?
Los exámenes referidos al criterio y al concepto de ciencias : un nuevo sistema de evaluación
Authors: Satterly D. , Swann N.
Published: June 2021

Some of the processes and effects of the change from norm referenced to criterium referenced testing in science are faced.
Imagen de las asignaturas de ciencias en la transición de la educación básica a la secundaria
Authors: Arana Pérez J. , Escudero Escorza Tomás , Garcés R. , Palacian E.
Published: June 2021

This article shows the analysis of the didactic image of natural science disciplines in the last year of General Basic Education and the first year of Secondary Education, as perceived by the students of those courses and the third year of Secondary Education. Difficulty, importance and amusement, compared with other disciplines, are the three components of the didactic image. The opinions of the students of the third year are used to study the temporal consistency of that image.
Estilo cognoscitivo y su importancia para la enseñanza de la ciencia
Authors: Niaz M.
Published: June 2021

This paper tries to look into the field depenleve of students' performance in Piagetians tasks based on different types of reasoning. The results show that over 50% of introductory courses of Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics and Biology are field dependent.
Sobre la formación de los conceptos geométricos y sobre el léxico geométrico
Authors: Medici D. , Speranza F. , Vighi P.
Published: June 2021

Geometric lexicon is related to an equivalence criterion between figures —normally given by a transformation group (Klein)—. There can be a conflict between ordinary language, traditional geometric lexicon and the equivalence criterion that a given specific situation may suggest. In this paper we analyze the results of a set of questions aiming at discovering the equivalence criteria chosen by pupils between 9 and 11, and the influence of their lexicon. We have noted a considerable influence of the criteria based on the group of translations, and on the group of homoteties and translations. We have also observed the influence of «standard models» (i.e., figures appearing normally in their books), and some difficulties of conceptualization.
Tendencias en la investigación sobre la enseñanza/aprendizaje de la Biología
Authors: Lucas A.M.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, rather than attempting to review the literature of biological education in an exhaustive way, we try to give a map of the fiel, to suggest different ways of conceiving biological education research, and to refer to particular studies as illustration.
Evaluación de una experiencia didáctica en la línea del descubrimiento dirigido para la enseñanza de la Física en 2º de BUP
Authors: Pérez de Landazábal Mª C. , Rubio Royo F.
Published: June 2021

The refusal attitude to Physics of our secondary ievel pupils and the poor achievements obtained in our classrooms makes it indispensable to experiment new teaching styles. This paper shows a directed  discovery approach to Physics learning that is conformed to academical needs of our Secondary Schools. The effectiveness of the learning process has been studied by means of an experimental design that compares two instructional modes. The results of the statistical analysis are discussed.
La historia de las ciencias : una herramienta para la enseñanza
Authors: Gagliardi R. , Girodan A.
Published: June 2021

Some examples from the history of Biology are used to show teaching applications of the history of sciences.
Estudio de los conocimientos pre-adquiridos sobre las nociones de color y temperatura en alumnos de 10 a 15 años
Authors: Macedo de Burghi B. , Soussan G.
Published: June 2021

This is a research work on the field of teaching scientific notions to students. Heat and temperature were the no:ions studied. The goal was to analize the ideas children and adolescents had about them, their (previously) acquired knowledge and the way they used such notions. The research was carried out both in France and in Uruguay on a total population of 1255 students. It took into account different parameters such as the students' age, their social -economic and cultural background, and their mother tongue (Spanish or French). The mentioned work made it possible to analize the conditions which can favour the passage from the students' intuitive notions to their scientific notions bearing in mind the natural limits due to the psychological development stage of the students concerned.
El uso de los mapas conceptuales en la corrección de preguntas abiertas en Biología
Authors: Nieda Juana , Díaz Mújica Mª V. , García Barquero P. , Ortega Núñez P. , Bonilla Mangas I. , Aguirre de Carcer I.
Published: June 2021

The use of open-ended questions to assess student knowledge on a particular subject is discussed. Metric characterists of those questions are analized in relation o their desirable characteristics for formative and summative evaluation. A procedure for rating open-ended questions using «concept maps» is described providing data on its content validity and reliability. Ways of using the procedure in formative evaluation are also described. As an application the procedure was used to analyze the reliability of Biology exercises (Universidad Autónoma Madrid Entrance Examinations).
Preconcepciones sobre el calor en 2º de BUP
Authors: García Hourcade J. L. , Rodríguez de Ávila C.
Published: June 2021

There are some ill ways of designating concepts and processes, in both the textbooks and the language we, teachers of Physics and Chemistry, commonly use in our lessons. This is an obstacle to attain our aims. Furthermore, we do not usually take into account in our educational practice, the alternative frameworks our students have, which makes our «teaching productivity» alarmingly low in the scientific field. Such situation is analysed in this report, and some suggestions for classroom practice and science teaching are offered.
Influencia del nivel cognoscitivo en el desempeño en el laboratorio
Authors: Tagliaferri A. A. , Ure J. E. , Dibar Ure María Celia
Published: June 2021

In a laboratory session which integrated the concepts of diffraction, interference and diffraction grating, planned for students in their third semester of elementary physics we detected that a relatively large percentage of students did not adequately separate nor control the intervening variables. We then correlated this cognitive ability to the performance in one section of the laboratory work which was evaluated separately.
La reconstrucción de la lección: un estímulo para el aprendizaje de las ciencias en Educación Básica
Authors: Casas Peláez J. , Escudero Escorza Tomás , Puey Bernues M. L.
Published: June 2021

The research reported below is an attempt to measure the value of «lesson reconstruction» as a didactic stimulus. More than one hundred students, belonging to three classes of the seventh year of Basic Education, participated in this study. The subject matter was Natural Sciences and, more specifically, Physics. The treatments of the two experimental groups were two different types of «lesson reconstruction», one of them based on the questioning by the teacher, and the other based on questionnaires applied to small groups of students. The third group of students was the control group. The results, reported for individuals and groups, show that these treatments can be effective after an accommodation period, more significantly in the treatment based on questionnaires.
Las pruebas de matemáticas en los exámenes de acceso
Authors: Pastor J.
Published: June 2021

First, we describe the organization pe'culiarities of the Final test papers for Secondary Schools in various countries with regards to mathematics. In the second part of our paper we consider some relevant cases including, of course, the Spanish one. Finally, we offer different alternatives in order to írnprove the above mentioned test papers.
Los símbolos y la representación de la evolución en los conocimientos químicos
Authors: López Cancio J. A.
Published: June 2021

The symbols are primarily a creation of human unconcious, and even now they belong to our cerebral background. The concrete symbols have served to represent the changing mentality about the chemical knowledge. There is a repeted use of determined geometrical figures, especialy triangles and circles. This article rewiews the development of chemical symbolism, its changing role, from the ancient civilization to the modern notational systems.
Las actitudes científicas de los futuros maestros en relación con sus conocimientos
Authors: Escudero Escorza Tomás , Lacasta Zabalza E.
Published: June 2021

This work attemps to analyze in depth scientific attitudes and their relationship with scientific knowledge in Physics, in students of Science in a Teacher Training School. The influence of sex and the differences with a sample of American students are considered in detail.
La nueva ciencia del movimiento de Galileo : una génesis difícil
Authors: Azcárate Carmen
Published: June 2021

The study of Galileo's difficulties in proving the law of quadratic proportion space-time in the falling of graves, kernel of his New Science of Movement, suggests some didactical considerations about the role of History in the teaching of Physics.
La investigación en un laboratorio de didáctica de la ciencias físicas
Authors: Tiberghien A.
Published: June 2021

This is a description of the work carried out in a research laboratory on the didactics or Physics in Paris -VII University. The description includes general orientations, fields under research, researchers involved, materials issued.... This is so both in the field oí innovation and didactic investigation as such.
Hacia un nuevo currículum de física y química para el bachillerato : una consulta al profesorado
Authors: Universidad de Valencia Seminario permanente de Física y Quími
Published: June 2021

The test consists in a questionnaire about basic criteria in order [o estabiish a Physics and Chemistry curriculum, which leads to know the teachers' orientations and to analyse the different proposals of the currimulum itself later on.
La historia de las ciencias y la enseñanza : una selección bibliográfica
Authors: Navarro Brotons Víctor
Published: June 2021

A bibliographical list, which is not meant to be exhaustive, is presented, being thought as usefull to know the role of the History of Sciences in teaching.
Tres paradigmas básicos en la enseñanza de las ciencias
Authors: Gil Pérez D.
Published: June 2021

In this paper we put forward a form of science teaching as investigation, which tries to integrate coherently the most relevan( contributions of the educational research. It also criticises two other paradigms which guide the usual science teaching practice.
Matemáticas e informática : unos ejemplos
Authors: Borrás Eliseo
Published: June 2021

The possibility of acquiring a micro -computer in our secondary schools begins to cause reactions, for and against it, amongst the teachers. This paper tries to provide some experience on a concrete subject: the teaching of statistics in secondary schools.
What is the level of satisfaction with maternity care in Poland? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kiersnowska Iwona , Doroszewska Antonina , Baranowska Joanna , Baranowska Barbara
Published: June 2021

Background: A positive experience of childbirth, as outlined by the WHO, consists of giving birth to a healthy child, and meeting the expectations of the woman based on her beliefs, previous experiences, and cultural conditions.
Aim of the study: To evaluate the mother’s satisfaction with childbirth, satisfaction with the expectations of giving birth, and the care received during and after birth.
Material and methods: This study used a questionnaire for data collection that was validated by a panel of experts using the Delphi method. The Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis rank tests with post-hoc comparisons were used for the analysis. Correlations were examined using the Spearman’s R test.
Results: For the whole study group (n = 444), the mean score for satisfaction with childbirth was 3.83 (± 1.25), and the assessment of care during childbirth (n = 444) and care in the maternity unit (n = 427) were 4.11 (± 1.12) and 3.60 (± 1.22), respectively. Satisfaction with childbirth in the whole study group was significantly correlated with emotional support (r = 0.55, p < 0.001) and communication with staff (r = 0.53, p < 0.001) during delivery, provision of intimacy (r = 0.44, p < 0.001), pain relief (r = 0.43, p < 0.001), contact with the newborn after birth (r = 0.43, p < 0.001), support for breastfeeding (r = 0.37, p < 0.001), and accommodation and sanitary conditions during delivery (r = 0.37, p < 0.001). The largest statistically significant differences regarding fulfillment of the women’s expectations were observed between groups describing their childbirth as frightening and painful, and groups describing their childbirth as expected, positive and pleasant.
Conclusions: Women had a worse opinion of care after childbirth compared to care during childbirth, which may be due to the lack of expectations concerning emotional support and assistance in breastfeeding that were reported by the respondents.
Skin-to-skin contact after caesarean section: impact on the occurrence of problems during the initiation of lactation
Authors: Kameduła Nela , Węgrzyn Piotr , Bączek Grażyna
Published: June 2021

Background: Breastfeeding is the best method to feed newborns, infants and young children. A caesarean section may have a negative impact on breastfeeding success which, given the high percentage of surgical deliveries in Poland, is alarming. A beneficial effect of skin-to-skin contact after a cesarean section on breastfeeding indicators has been reported.
Aim of the study: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the type of first contact between mother and child after a surgical delivery, and the occurrence of problems during the lactation initiation period.
Materials and methods: 256 women that had a cesarean section at one of the Warsaw hospitals during a six-month period were included in the study. Women who had a delivery earlier than 37 weeks of pregnancy were excluded. A questionnaire designed by the author was used for data collection.
Results: Newborns without skin-to-skin contact or those who experienced a delayed contact required more frequent top-up feeding and their mothers more often experienced a sense of insufficient breast milk supply. Newborns who experienced skin-to-skin contact in the operating theatre also required less frequent top-up feeding compared to than those who experienced skin-to-skin contact in the recovery room.
Conclusions: The type of first contact between mother and child after a cesarean section affects the occurrence of problems during the lactation initiation period. Despite the demonstrated benefits of skin-to-skin contact, it is not executed frequently enough after birth.
Überlegungen für eine nachhaltige Personalentwicklung (NPE) in Kommunalverwaltungen – jetzt in der Pandemie beginnen!
Authors: Wiegel Julia , Brüggemann Nils , Erdenberger Christoph
Published: June 2021

Aktuelle gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen sowie (Mega-)Trends stellen das Personalmanagement vor eine Vielzahl von Herausforderungen. Eine Strategie, um diesen progressiv zu begegnen, ist das Konzept einer nachhaltigen Personalentwicklung (NPE), welches eine langfristige Planung voraussetzt. Im Vorfeld müssen Ziele, Zielgruppen und Methoden ausgewählt sowie auf Nachhaltigkeit geprüft werden. Hierbei gilt es, mögliche Zielkonflikte durch nachhaltige Lösungen zu überwinden. Die konkreten Personalentwicklungsmaßnahmen müssen zum jeweiligen Mitarbeitenden passen und auf dessen individuelle Bedürfnisse abgestimmt werden. Zudem haben sie zwingend dazu beizutragen, seine Kompetenzen optimal sowie nachhaltig zu fördern. Ein wichtiges Element hierbei ist die Motivation der Beteiligten im Spannungsfeld aus Nachhaltigkeits-Können, -Wollen und -Dürfen. Spätestens bei der Betrachtung von möglichen Transferhemmnissen ist dazu immer eine umfassende Evaluation vorzunehmen. Letztere macht Hürden, Hemmnisse sowie Probleme sichtbar und ermöglicht Personalverantwortlichen diese bei der Planung weiterer Personalentwicklungsmaßnahmen zu berücksichtigen. Somit ist der „Weg“ zu einer nachhaltigen Personalentwicklung (NPE) das Ziel.
Graphical representation of the body of the evidence: the essentials for understanding the evidence gap map approach
Authors: Schuller-Martínez Bastián , Meza Nicolás , Pérez-Bracchiglione Javier , Ariel Franco Juan Víctor , Loezar Cristóbal , Madrid Eva
Published: June 2021

The significant increase in scientific evidence production has led to the creation of methods to facilitate evidence review and synthesis. This has turned, this has resulted in the emergence of different designs depending on the review’s objective. Evidence gap maps constitute a novel approach for literature review. They are thematic collections of a broad field of evidence, using a systematic search strategy that identifies gaps in knowledge and engages, early on, the target audience to design a friendly graphic product. Evidence maps are a tool to be considered in the roster of options available for research funders in that they are particularly useful for evidence-based decision-making and evidence-based policy development. The most commonly used formats to display the findings of evidence gap search designs are the bubble plot and the intervention-outcome framework. This article corresponds to the sixth of a series of narrative reviews on general topics of biostatistics and clinical epidemiology. The purpose of this review is to describe the principal features of evidence gap maps, highlighting their main objectives and utility, exploring the most commonly used mapping formats, and comparing this approach with other evidence synthesis designs.
Selecting a Keel Appendage for a Cruising Yacht From a Standard Keel Series
Authors: Berman Deborah W.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of model tests for a series of three keels; two at constant draft; two at constant aspect ratio; all at constant taper ratio and thickness ratio. These keels form part of a standard series developed by Pierre De Saix at Davidson Laboratory, Stevens Institute of Technology in 1974 and originally tested on a 5.5 meter hull (1).

The three keels were all tested on the model of a small cruising yacht over a range of heel angles, leeways and speeds. An analysis is made of the expanded model data and a comparison presented of the forces and moments operating on the deepest keel and the two keels of constant draft.
Yacht Structural Design for Light Scantlings
Authors: Herreshoff Halsey C.
Published: June 2021

The structural design of adequately strong, light weight yachts is studied with emphasis upon optimum strength to weight tempered by the practical considerations of cost, durability and construction capabilities. The properties and relative weights of the principal construction materials are reviewed. Design philosophy and its implementation for the hull, deck and hard points are developed. Specific examples of interest for rational design are offered. Builder's problems of materials and craftsmanship are discussed.
The Evolving Role of the Towing Tank
Authors: Kirkman Karl L.
Published: June 2021

The towing tank has been used regularly to attempt to refine sailing yacht forms almost since its introduction as a Naval Architectural tool.

Unfortunately, the yachtsman's affair with tank testing has run hot and cold based upon misunderstandings of the correct role of model testing and economic considerations.

Recent research work has caused profound change in the method for using the tank for design assistance, but the tank retains a necessary and economically suitable place in the design cycle if properly used.

The paper explains the changing role of the tank and appropriate means of using model tests in light of our contemporary understanding of scale effects.
Design Development of a 40m Sailing Yacht
Authors: Benford Jay R.
Published: June 2021

The development of the design of the 40 meter (131 foot) ketch ANTONIA is followed from the com­mission to the beginning of construction. The requirements of the client are reviewed against the final design. The scantlings for the basic structure are presented, along with their evolution. The progression of the rig from the original thoughts to the final version is presented. The stability and floodable Iength curves are shown. Lines, construction, sail plan, and accommodations drawings are pubIished, in addition to a call for designers to resume a more constructive attitude towards publishing original design work for the advancement of the profession.
RED HERRING, High Performance Cruising Ketch
Authors: Hubbard David W.
Published: June 2021

The design, construction and performance of a narrow, fast cruising 55 foot cat ketch is discussed. Stability is provided by ballast on a long blade that can be tilted laterally and also lifted to achieve shoal draft. A parametric design procedure and a graphical performance method is presented.
A Design Guide for Estimating Speed Made Good for a Sailing Yacht
Authors: Berman Deborah W.
Published: June 2021

This study develops a simplified comparative procedure for use in preliminary yacht design to predict Equilibrium sideforce, resistance, leeway angle and speed made good to windward for a canoe hull sailing yacht within specific form parameters on any of five standard series keels.

These forces, angles and speeds are predicted for any yacht hull resembling one of nine models - ranging from light to medium-heavy length to displacement ratio - (190 to 351) - of the Delft Systematic Series for which there is numerical data. The forces are calculated at speed to length ratio of 1. 3 and heel angle of 30° to enable the designer to make use of existing comparative sail plan and rigging data.

The five keels of varying aspect and area ratio, spanning current design practice, are part of a matrix developed at the Davidson Laboratory.

In this paper, a canoe yacht hull form similar to Model 7 of the Delft Series is tank tested on 3 Standard Series keels and compared to results obtained from testing a 5.5 m hull, which is similar to Model 8, on the same keels. A prediction procedure is developed and checked against test results.

A few Equations, selected values from included tabulations, a calculator, pencil and paper will yield quantitative information for the yacht designer in the selection of a keel for the hull of a sailing yacht.
Managing the remains of citizen soldiers
Authors: Douchet Adrien , Garibian Taline , Pouget Benoît
Published: June 2021

The aim of this article is to shed light on the conditions under which the funerary management of human remains was carried out by the French authorities during the early years of the First World War. It seeks to understand how the urgent need to clear the battlefield as quickly as possible came into conflict with the aspiration to give all deceased an individualised, or at the very least dignified, burial. Old military funerary practices were overturned and reconfigured to incorporate an ideal that sought the individual identification of citizen soldiers. The years 1914–15 were thus profoundly marked by a clash between the pragmatism of public health authorities obsessed with hygiene, the infancy of emerging forensic science, the aching desire of the nation to see its children buried individually and various political and military imperatives related to the conduct of the war.
SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES: THE IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS ON ECONOMIC ROWTH WITH REFERENCE TO THE CHINESE MODEL
Authors: Marjanac Dražen , Alfirević Ana Marija
Published: June 2021

The subject of the research is related to the analysis of the impact of special economic zones on the economic growth of countries that have applied the aforementioned concept of economic development, with reference to the Chinese model. The research goals are to provide the scientific and expert public with an overview of the mechanism of special economic zones and the implications on targeted macroeconomic parameters. The research was conducted by analyzing the relevant literature, the method of deduction and quantification of the impact of special economic zones on economic growth. The research will provide an answer to the research problem that is sublimated in the question: Do special economic zones stimulate economic growth of the national economy and how? The results of the research will show that there is a strong relationship and a degree of determination between special economic zones and targeted macroeconomic parameters. This will confirm the basic hypothesis that special economic zones have a significant impact on sustainable and inclusive economic growth of the national economy ceteris paribus as well as the access to high technology, innovations and know-how.
Is Skrei a Historical Norwegian Figure? The Nomadic Symbiosis of Fish and Humans in the Lofoten Islands
Authors: Papacharalampous Nafsika
Published: June 2021

This paper draws from short ethnographic fieldwork and collected oral histories in the Lofoten Islands in Northern Norway in 2019. In this paper I follow “skrei”, the Norwegian codfish (Gadus morhua). I explore what I call the “nomadic symbiosis” of islanders and skrei via their diachronic entanglements, as these appear in historical and present narratives, in changing ideas around economic development and progress, but also in the changes in the physical and political landscapes. These moments of connection, all challenge human-centric views arguing for skrei’s agency in cuisine-making, but also vis-à-vis identity-making, as skrei became recognized conjuring a newfound sense of belonging and becoming part of an imagined community within the Lofoten islands and beyond. I argue that these meaningful interactions create worlds that decenter human agency and revisit the notion of cuisine and nation-building processes as truly multispecies entanglements.