bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Results from a new linear O3 scheme with embedded heterogeneous chemistry compared with the parent full-chemistry 3-D CTM
Authors: Monge-Sanz B. M. , Chipperfield M. P. , Cariolle D. , Feng W.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. A detailed full-chemistry 3-D chemistry and transport model (CTM) is used to evaluate the current stratospheric O3 parameterisation in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model and to obtain an alternative version of the ozone scheme implicitly including heterogeneous chemistry. The approach avoids the inaccurate treatment currently given to heterogeneous ozone chemistry in the ECMWF model, as well as the uncertainties of a cold-tracer. The new O3 scheme (COPCAT) is evaluated within the same CTM used to calculate it. It is the first time such a comparison has been possible, providing direct information on the validity of the linear parameterisation approach for stratospheric ozone. Simulated total column and O3 profiles are compared against Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) observations. COPCAT successfully simulates polar loss and reproduces a realistic Antarctic O3 hole. The new scheme is comparable to the full-chemistry in many regions for multiannual runs. The parameterisation produces less ozone over the tropics around 10 hPa, compared to full-chemistry and observations. However, this problem can be ameliorated by choosing a different ozone climatology for the scheme. The new scheme is compared to the current ECMWF scheme in the same CTM runs. The Antarctic O3 hole with the current ECMWF scheme is weaker and disappears earlier than with the new COPCAT scheme. Differences between the current ECMWF scheme and COPCAT are difficult to explain due to the different approach used for heterogeneous chemistry and differences in the photochemical models used to calculate the scheme coefficients. Results with the new COPCAT scheme presented here show that heterogeneous and homogeneous ozone chemistry can be included in a consistent way in a linear ozone parameterisation, without any additional tunable parameters, providing a parameterisation scheme in better agreement with the current knowledge of stratospheric O3 chemistry than previous approaches.
Substrate effects in the photoenhanced ozonation of pyrene
Authors: Styler S. A. , Loiseaux M.-E. , Donaldson D. J.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. We report the effects of actinic illumination on the heterogeneous ozonation kinetics of solid pyrene films and pyrene adsorbed at air-octanol and air-aqueous interfaces. Upon illumination, the ozonation of solid pyrene films and pyrene at the air-aqueous interface proceeds more quickly than in darkness; no such enhancement is observed for pyrene at the air-octanol interface. Under dark conditions, the reaction of pyrene at all three interfaces proceeds via a Langmuir-Hinshelwood-type surface mechanism. In the presence of light, Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics are observed for solid pyrene films but a linear dependence upon gas-phase ozone concentration is observed at the air-aqueous interface. We interpret these results as evidence of the importance of charge-transfer pathways for the ozonation of excited-state pyrene. The dramatically different behaviour of pyrene at the surface of these three simple reaction environments highlights the difficulties inherent in representing complex reactive surfaces in the laboratory, and suggests caution in extrapolating laboratory results to environmental surfaces.
Global satellite analysis of the relation between aerosols and short-lived trace gases
Authors: Veefkind J. P. , Boersma K. F. , Wang J. , Kurosu T. P. , Krotkov N. , Chance K. , Levelt P. F.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. The spatial and temporal correlations between concurrent satellite observations of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and tropospheric columns of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and formaldehyde (HCHO) from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) are used to infer information on the global composition of aerosol particles. When averaging the satellite data over large regions and longer time periods, we find significant correlation between MODIS AOT and OMI trace gas columns for various regions in the world. This shows that these enhanced aerosol and trace gas concentrations originate from common sources, such as fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning, and organic compounds released from the biosphere. This leads us to propose that satellite-inferred AOT to NO2 ratios for regions with comparable photochemical regimes can be used as indicators for the relative regional pollution control of combustion processes. Indeed, satellites observe low AOT to NO2 ratios over the eastern United States and western Europe, and high AOT to NO2 ratios over comparably industrialized regions in eastern Europe and China. Emission databases and OMI SO2 observations over these regions suggest a much stronger sulfur contribution to aerosol formation than over the well-regulated areas of the eastern United States and western Europe. Furthermore, satellite observations show AOT to NO2 ratios are a factor 100 higher over biomass burning regions than over industrialized areas, reflecting the unregulated burning practices with strong primary particle emissions in the tropics compared to the heavily controlled combustion processes in the industrialized Northern Hemisphere. Simulations with a global chemistry transport model (GEOS-Chem) capture most of these variations, although on regional scales significant differences are found. Wintertime aerosol concentrations show strongest correlations with NO2 throughout most of the Northern Hemisphere. During summertime, AOT is often (also) correlated with enhanced HCHO concentrations, reflecting the importance of secondary organic aerosol formation in that season. We also find significant correlations between AOT and HCHO over biomass burning regions, the tropics in general, and over industrialized regions in southeastern Asia. The distinct summertime maximum in AOT (0.4 at 550 nm) and HCHO over the southeastern United States strengthens existing hypotheses that local emissions of volatile organic compounds lead to the formation of secondary organic aerosols there. GEOS-Chem underestimates the AOT over the southeastern United States by a factor of 2, most likely due to too strong precipitation and too low SOA yield in the model.
Carbon balance of South Asia constrained by passenger aircraft CO2 measurements
Authors: Patra P. K. , Niwa Y. , Schuck T. J. , Brenninkmeijer C. A. M. , Machida T. , Matsueda H. , Sawa Y.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. Quantifying the fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems in all their diversity, across the continents, is important and urgent for implementing effective mitigating policies. Whereas much is known for Europe and North America for instance, in comparison, South Asia, with 1.6 billion inhabitants and considerable CO2 fluxes, remained terra incognita in this respect. We use regional measurements of atmospheric CO2 aboard a Lufthansa passenger aircraft between Frankfurt (Germany) and Chennai (India) at cruise altitude, in addition to the existing network sites for 2008, to estimate monthly fluxes for 64-regions using Bayesian inversion and transport model simulations. The applicability of the model's transport parameterization is confirmed using SF6, CH4 and N2O simulations for the CARIBIC datasets. The annual carbon flux obtained by including the aircraft data is twice as large as the fluxes simulated by a terrestrial ecosystem model that was applied to prescribe the fluxes used in the inversions. It is shown that South Asia sequestered carbon at a rate of 0.37±0.20 Pg C yr−1 (1Pg C = 1015 g of carbon in CO2) for the years 2007 and 2008. The seasonality and the strength of the calculated monthly fluxes are successfully validated using independent measurements of vertical CO2 profiles over Delhi and spatial variations at cruising altitude over Asia aboard Japan Airlines passenger aircraft.
Relation between methanogenic archaea and methane production potential in selected natural wetland ecosystems across China
Authors: Liu D. Y. , Ding W. X. , Jia Z. J. , Cai Z. C.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from natural wetland ecosystems exhibit large spatial variability at regional, national, and global levels related to temperature, water table, plant type and methanogenic archaea etc. To understand the underlying factors that induce spatial differences in CH4 emissions, and the relationship between the population of methanogenic archaea and CH4 production potential in natural wetlands around China, we measured the CH4 production potential and the abundance of methanogenic archaea in vertical soil profiles sampled from the Poyang wetland in the subtropical zone, the Hongze wetland in the warm temperate zone, the Sanjiang marsh in the cold temperate zone, and the Ruoergai peatland in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the alpine climate zone. The top soil layer had the highest population of methanogens (1.07–8.29 × 109 cells g−1 soil) in all wetlands except the Ruoergai peatland and exhibited the maximum CH4 production potential measured at the mean in situ summer temperature. There is a significant logarithmic correlation between the abundance of methanogenic archaea and the soil organic carbon (R2 = 0.72, P < 0.001, n = 13) and between the abundance of methanogenic archaea and the total nitrogen concentrations (R2 = 0.76, P < 0.001, n = 13) in wetland soils. This indicates that the amount of soil organic carbon may affect the population of methanogens in wetland ecosystems. While the CH4 production potential is not significantly related to methanogen population (R2 = 0.01, P > 0.05, n = 13), it is related to the dissolved organic carbon concentration (R2 = 0.31, P = 0.05, n = 13). This suggests that the methanogen population might be not an effective index for predicting the CH4 production in wetland ecosystems. The CH4 production rate of the top soil layer increases with increasing latitude, from 273.64 μg CH4 kg−1 soil d−1 in the Poyang wetland to 664.59 μg CH4 kg−1 soil d−1 in the Carex lasiocarpa marsh of the Sanjiang Plain. We conclude that CH4 production potential in the freshwater wetlands of Eastern China is mainly affected by the supply of methanogenic substrates rather than temperature; in contrast, low summer temperatures at high elevations in the Ruoergai peatland of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau result in the presence of dominant species of methanogens with low CH4 production potential, which in turn suppresses CH4 production.
Influence of bioturbation on the biogeochemistry of littoral sediments of an acidic post-mining pit lake
Authors: Lagauzère S. , Moreira S. , Koschorreck M.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. In the last decades, the mining exploitation of large areas in Lusatia (Eastern Germany) but also in other mining areas worldwide has led to the formation of hundreds of pit lakes. Pyrite oxidation in the surrounding dumps makes many such lakes extremely acidic (pH < 3). The biogeochemical functioning of these lakes is mainly governed by cycling of iron. This represents a relevant ecological problem and intensive research has been conducted to understand the involved biogeochemical processes and develop bioremediation strategies. Despite some studies reporting the presence of living organisms (mostly bacteria, algae, and macro-invertebrates) under such acidic conditions, and their trophic interactions, their potential impact on the ecosystem functioning was poorly investigated. The present study aimed to assess the influence of chironomid larvae on oxygen dynamics and iron cycle in the sediment of acidic pit lakes. In the Mining Lake 111, used as a study case since 1996, Chironomus crassimanus (Insecta, Diptera) is the dominant benthic macro-invertebrate species and occurs at relatively high abundances in shallow water. A 16-day laboratory experiment using microcosms combined with high resolution measurements (DET gel probes and O2 microsensors) was carried out. The burrowing activity of C. crassimanus larvae induced a 3-fold increase of the diffusive oxygen uptake by sediment, indicating a stimulation of the mineralization of organic matter in the upper layers of the sediment. The iron cycle was also impacted (e.g. lower rates of reduction and oxidation, increase of iron-oxidizing bacteria abundance, stimulation of mineral formation) but with no significant effect on the iron flux at the sediment-water interface, and thus on the water acidity budget. This work provides the first assessment of bioturbation in an acidic mining lake and shows that its influence on biogeochemistry cannot be neglected.
Spatial interpolation of hourly rainfall – effect of additional information, variogram inference and storm properties
Authors: Verworn A. , Haberlandt U.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. Hydrological modelling of floods relies on precipitation data with a high resolution in space and time. A reliable spatial representation of short time step rainfall is often difficult to achieve due to a low network density. In this study hourly precipitation was spatially interpolated with the multivariate geostatistical method kriging with external drift (KED) using additional information from topography, rainfall data from the denser daily networks and weather radar data. Investigations were carried out for several flood events in the time period between 2000 and 2005 caused by different meteorological conditions. The 125 km radius around the radar station Ummendorf in northern Germany covered the overall study region. One objective was to assess the effect of different approaches for estimation of semivariograms on the interpolation performance of short time step rainfall. Another objective was the refined application of the method kriging with external drift. Special attention was not only given to find the most relevant additional information, but also to combine the additional information in the best possible way. A multi-step interpolation procedure was applied to better consider sub-regions without rainfall. The impact of different semivariogram types on the interpolation performance was low. While it varied over the events, an averaged semivariogram was sufficient overall. Weather radar data were the most valuable additional information for KED for convective summer events. For interpolation of stratiform winter events using daily rainfall as additional information was sufficient. The application of the multi-step procedure significantly helped to improve the representation of fractional precipitation coverage.
Seismicity dynamics and earthquake predictability
Authors: Sobolev G. A.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. Many factors complicate earthquake sequences, including the heterogeneity and self-similarity of the geological medium, the hierarchical structure of faults and stresses, and small-scale variations in the stresses from different sources. A seismic process is a type of nonlinear dissipative system demonstrating opposing trends towards order and chaos. Transitions from equilibrium to unstable equilibrium and local dynamic instability appear when there is an inflow of energy; reverse transitions appear when energy is dissipating. Several metastable areas of a different scale exist in the seismically active region before an earthquake. Some earthquakes are preceded by precursory phenomena of a different scale in space and time. These include long-term activation, seismic quiescence, foreshocks in the broad and narrow sense, hidden periodical vibrations, effects of the synchronization of seismic activity, and others. Such phenomena indicate that the dynamic system of lithosphere is moving to a new state – catastrophe. A number of examples of medium-term and short-term precursors is shown in this paper. However, no precursors identified to date are clear and unambiguous: the percentage of missed targets and false alarms is high. The weak fluctuations from outer and internal sources play a great role on the eve of an earthquake and the occurrence time of the future event depends on the collective behavior of triggers. The main task is to improve the methods of metastable zone detection and probabilistic forecasting.
Comparison of direct and geodetic mass balances on an annual time scale
Authors: Fischer A. , Schneider H. , Merkel G. , Sailer R.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. Very accurate airborne laserscanning (ALS) elevation data was used to calculate the annual volume changes for Hintereisferner and Kesselwandferner in the Ötztal Alps, Austria for 2001/2002–2008/2009. The comparison of the altitude of 51 recently GPS surveyed ground control points showed that the accuracy of the ALS DEMs is better than 0.3 m. The geodetic mass balance was calculated from the volume change using detailed maps of the firn cover and applying corrections for the seasonal snow cover. The maximum snow height at the time of the elevation data flight was 0.5 m averaged over the glacier surface. The volume change data was compared to in situ mass balance data for the total area and at the stakes. For the total period of 8 yr, the difference between the geodetic and the direct mass balance is 2.398 m w.e. on Hintereisferner and 1.380 m w.e. on Kesselwandferner, corresponding to about two times the mean annual mass balance. The vertical ice flow velocity was measured and found to be on the same order of magnitude as the mass balance at KWF. This is an indicator that volume change data does not allow the calculation of ablation or accumulation rates without detailed measurements or models of the vertical ice flow velocity. Therefore, only direct mass balance data allow process studies or investigation of the climatic controls of the resulting mass changes.
Chronique historique
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Comptes rendus
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Bibliographie
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Publications recentes
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Lettres à nos lectures
Authors: Michael Colette
Published: February 2011

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Mark C. Taylor, Tears
Authors: Kisiel Theodore
Published: February 2011

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Annonces et Nouvelles
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Vue de France
Authors: D'Hondt Jacques
Published: February 2011

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The Creativity of Translation and its Universality in the Hermeneutic Process
Authors: Kisiel Theodore
Published: February 2011

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Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, De la justice de la Révolution et dans l'Eglise
Authors: Logue William
Published: February 2011

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Bibliographie partielle de oeuvres de philosophie en langue française pour l'annee 1989
Authors: Racevskis Karl , Jezerinac Rebecca
Published: February 2011

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Croisade contre la différence: le règne de la "terreur linquistique"
Authors: Mésavage Ruth M. , Massé Sylvain
Published: February 2011

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De la légitimité
Authors: Molnar Thomas
Published: February 2011

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Theodore Jouffrey: Precursor of Ordinary Language Philosophy
Authors: Manns James W.
Published: February 2011

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La monarchie et les républicains
Authors: Molnar Thomas
Published: February 2011

none
Ambiguite des process staliniens: interpretation de la pensée de Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Pryor Patrick J.
Published: February 2011

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Objectivité scientifique et réductionnisme chez Jacques Monod
Authors: Spassov Spas
Published: February 2011

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Univers physique, mondes culturels: le meme et les different
Authors: Caws Peter
Published: February 2011

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Thomas de Konnick et Guy Planty-Bonjour (eds.), La question de Dieu selon Aristote et Hegel
Authors: Molnar Thomas
Published: February 2011

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Jean-Jacques Wunenburger, L'imagination
Authors: Molnar Thomas
Published: February 2011

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David Sprintzen, Faut-il parler d'une philosophie d'Albert Camus?
Authors: Morot-Sir Edouard
Published: February 2011

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Andre Lalande, Vocabulaire technique et critique de la philosophie
Authors: Rosenthal Estelle
Published: February 2011

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J. Claude Evans, Strategies of Deconstruction
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Andre Wyss, La Lange de Rousseau: Formes et emplois
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Rene Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Jean-Claude Dumoncel, Le jeu de Wittgenstein
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Sonia Kruks, Situation and Human Existence: Freedom, Subjectivity, and Society
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Paul Edwards (ed.), Voltaire Selections
Authors: Michael Colette
Published: February 2011

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Preface
Authors: Stewart David
Published: February 2011

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G.S. Rousseau (ed.), The Languages of the Psyche: Mind and Body in Enlightenment Thought
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Jean-Luc Marion, Dieu sans l'être
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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Interview avec Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Reagan Charles E.
Published: February 2011

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Synthesis and Category: The Synthesis of the Heterogenous in Ricoeur and Kant
Authors: Lewis J J
Published: February 2011

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Selected Bibliography of Ricoeur's English Works
Authors: Vansina Frans
Published: February 2011

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David Kolb, Postmodern Sophistications: Philosophy, Architecture, and Tradition
Authors: Harries Karsten
Published: February 2011

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Leo Strauss, Qu'est-ce que la philosophie politique?
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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S.H. Clark, Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2011

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L'Abbé Jean-Baptiste Dubos et la presse
Authors: Sanko Hélène
Published: February 2011

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Sartre, Existentialism Psychoanalysis and the Nature of Neurosis
Authors: Mirvish Adrian
Published: February 2011

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Une Premiere Approche de Vérité et Existence
Authors: Simont Juliette
Published: February 2011

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"Socialist Morality" in Sartre's Unpublished 1964 Rome Lecture: A Summary and Commentary
Authors: Bowman Elizabeth A. , Stone Robert V.
Published: February 2011

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Choosing Emotions: The Late Sartre and the Early Flaubert
Authors: Caws Peter
Published: February 2011

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Agir do enfermeiro no exercício da liderança em enfermagem: dificuldades da prática
Authors: Nascimento Cintia Domingos , Santos Ilva Santana , Moura Samara Bruno , Servo Maria Lucia
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTObjective: to identify the difficulties found by the nurse in the exercise of leadership among nursing team. Methods: literature review study. The search was in the Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO - and in the Latin American and Caribbean Sciences of the Health Literature - Lillacs, in the year 2007, using articles of the period 1997 to 2007. Results: they identified the difficulties related to lead, knowledge, communicated, creativity, determination, responsibility, influence and knowledge to hear. Conclusion: the study suggests that it is necessary changes in behaviour, search for new knowledge and dedication with responsibility in the development of skills essential to leadership, from nurses as leaders of the nursing staff. Descriptors: nursing; organization; administration.RESUMOObjetivo: identificar as dificuldades encontradas pelo enfermeiro no exercício da liderança junto à equipe de Enfermagem. Métodos: estudo de revisão sistemática de literatura. Foi efetuada uma pesquisa na Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO - e na base de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde - LILACS, no ano de 2007, utilizando-se artigos do período de 1997 a 2007. Resultados: identificaram-se as dificuldades relacionadas à ação de liderar, conhecimento, comunicação, criatividade, determinação, responsabilidade, influência e o saber ouvir. Conclusão: o estudo aponta que é necessário mudanças de comportamentos, busca de novos conhecimentos e dedicação com responsabilidade no desenvolvimento de habilidades essenciais para a liderança, por parte dos enfermeiros como líderes da equipe de enfermagem. Descritores: enfermagem; organização; administração.RESUMENObjetivo: identificar las dificultades encontrados en el ejercicio de liderazgo entre el equipo de Enfermería. Métodos: estudio de revisión de la literatura. Se hizo una búsqueda en el Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO - y en la base de datos Literatura Latino-Americana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud - LILACS, en el año 2007, utilizando los artículos del período 1997 a 2007. Resultados: fueron identificados los problemas relacionados con la acción de liderar, los conocimientos, comunicarse, la creatividad, determinacíon, responsabilidad, influencia y conocimiento para escuchar. Conclusíon: el estudio sugiere que es necesario cambios en el comportamiento, la búsqueda de nuevos conocimientos y dedicacíon con responsabilidad en el desarrollo de habilidades esenciales para el liderazgo, de las enfermeras como líderes del personal de enfermería. Descriptores: enfermería; organizacíon; administración.
Ciclo gravídico puerperal e a enfermagem: proposta de protocolo
Authors: Meneghin Andréia Cristina , Tapia Carmen Elisa Villalobos
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTObjective: to accomplish the literature review with the main phases of the woman's development. Methods: bibliographical study, from retrospective approach, in books and national and international newspapers in the sites of the Latin American and Caribbean Sciences of the Health Center - BIREME - and database Latin American and Caribbean Sciences of the Health Literature - LILACS. Results: they were found twenty one bibliographies. Conclusion: the woman goes by several transformations in her life and that the nurse has capacity to attend her in the best possible way, but, is important to be update and to elaborate tools to optimize the work process and to favor the woman a quality service. Descriptors: obstetric nursing; postpartum; sexual maturation.RESUMOObjetivo: realizar revisão da literatura com as principais fases de desenvolvimento da mulher. Métodos: estudo bibliográfico, de caráter retrospectivo, em livros e periódicos nacionais e internacionais, em sites do Centro Latino Americano e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde - BIREME - e base de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde - LILACS. Resultados: foram encontradas 21 referências. Conclusão: a mulher passa por várias transformações em sua vida e o enfermeiro tem capacidade para assisti-la da melhor forma possível, mas para isso, é importante estar atualizado, e elaborar ferramentas para otimizar o processo de trabalho e favorecer a mulher um atendimento de qualidade. Descritores: enfermagem obstétrica; puerpério; maturação sexual.RESUMEN Objetivo: realizar una revisión bibliográfica con las principales fases del desarrollo de la mujer. Métodos: estudio bibliográfico, de carater retrospectivo, logrado a partir de libros y periódicos nacionales e internacionales, en la Centro Latino Americano y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud - BIREME - y en la base de datos Literatura Latino-Americana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud - LILACS. Resultados: fueron encontradas veinte y una bibliografías. Conclusión: la mujer pasa por várias transformaciones en su vida y que el enfermero tiene la capacidad para asistir de la mejor manera posible, pero para esto, es importante la constante actualización y elaboración de herramientas para optimizar el proceso de trabajo y favorecer un atendimiento de calidad. Descriptores: obstetricia enfermería; puerperio; maduración sexual.
Pressupostos da construção de um novo currículo para o curso de enfermagem
Authors: Albuquerque Verônica Santos , Tanji Suzelaine , Gomes Andréia Patrícia , Siqueira-Batista Rodrigo
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTObjective: to present the construction assumptions of the new curriculum for the nursing course of the Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos. Methodology: theoretical essay, founded on the literature regarding to the education and formative experience in the health area. Results: it were found fourteen assumptions that directed the curriculum change. Conclusion: these assumptions lead to a professional formation committed with the necessities of the Brazilian population, as well as with the consolidation of the Health System (SUS), and with integrality-the ruling principle of SUS- and the Meaningful Learning theory. Descriptors: nursing; curriculum; health professional formation.RESUMOObjetivo: apresentar os pressupostos da construção de um novo currículo para o curso de enfermagem do Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos. Metodologia: ensaio teórico fundamentado na literatura referente à educação e à formação profissional em saúde. Resultados: foram estabelecidos os quatorze pressupostos que nortearam a mudança curricular. Conclusão: esses pressupostos encaminham para a formação profissional comprometida com as necessidades da população brasileira, com a consolidação do sistema de saúde, com a integralidade e com a aprendizagem significativa. Descritores: enfermagem; currículo; formação profissional.RESUMENObjetivo: presentar los presupuestos de la construcción de un nuevo currículo para el curso de enfermería del Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos. Metodología: análisis teórico basado en referir la literatura a la educación y la formación profesional en la salud, en la cual. Resultados: fueron presentados los catorce presupuestos que habían dirigido el cambio curricular. Conclusión: estos presupuestos dirigen para una formación profesional con compromiso a las necesidades de la población brasileña, con la consolidación del sistema de la salud, con lo completo y aprender significativo. Descriptores: enfermaría; currículo; formación profesional.
Preparation and Analysis of Proteins and Peptides Using MALDI TOF/TOF Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Dave Keyur A. , Headlam Madeleine J. , Wallis Tristan P. , Gorman Jeffrey J.
Published: February 2011

Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF/TOF‐MS) is a valuable tool for the analysis of peptides and proteins. Particularly useful features include high sensitivity, fast data acquisition, ease of use, and robust instrumentation. Although MALDI is relatively tolerant to buffers and other impurities, substantial sensitivity enhancement can be achieved through removal of non‐analyte components of samples. Therefore, sample processing to remove buffers and impurities can greatly improve the quality of results obtained by MALDI experiments. This unit describes optimized procedures for enzymatic digestion, preparation of MALDI target plates, thin layer matrix preparation, on‐target sample cleanup, and capillary HPLC‐MALDI co‐spotting of analyte and matrix. Procedures are also described for analysis of on‐membrane proteins by MALDI‐TOF/TOF‐MS before tryptic digestion. Some of these procedures are also applicable to protein spots from two‐dimensional (2‐D) gels. Guidance is also provided for acquisition and interpretation of MS and MS/MS spectra. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 63:16.13.1‐16.13.21. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Doxorubicin Nanocarriers Based on Magnetic Colloids with a Bio‐polyelectrolyte Corona and High Non‐linear Optical Response: Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties
Authors: Bakandritsos Aristides , Mattheolabakis George , Chatzikyriakos George , Szabo Tamas , Tzitzios Vasilis , Kouzoudis Dimitris , Couris Stelios , Avgoustakis Konstantinos
Published: February 2011

Magnetic drug nanocarriers are synthesized following an arrested mineralization of magnetic spinel iron oxides in the presence of the biopolymer of sodium carboxymethylcellulose. Based on the experimental results, the polyelectrolyte corona probably attains a brushlike configuration around the magnetic particles. The inner core of these colloids may be constituted of polymer‐associated nanocrystallites, forming nanogel colloids. The hybrid colloids are endowed with a high loading capacity for the anticancer agent doxorubicin and pronounced pH responsiveness. They also display a dramatic increase in non‐linear optical response as compared to previous studies of similar materials. Furthermore, as cell studies indicate, the blank nanocarriers are cytocompatible and the drug retains its activity after loading in the nanocarriers.
Corrigendum: Simple Methodology for Heck Arylation at C‐8 of Adenine Nucleosides
Authors: Lagisetty Pallavi , Zhang Li , Lakshman Mahesh K.
Published: February 2011

For the full paper by Pallavi Lagisetty, Li Zhang and Mahesh K. Lakshman, in Issue 4, 2008, pp 602–608 (DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700418), the Supporting Information has been corrected to rectify errors in the HR‐MS analysis, such as the technique used for obtaining the data.
Sweet and Umami Taste: Natural Products, Their Chemosensory Targets, and Beyond
Authors: Behrens Maik , Meyerhof Wolfgang , Hellfritsch Caroline , Hofmann Thomas
Published: February 2011

Much of our appreciation of food is due to the excitement of the perception of “sweet” and “umami” taste. With a special focus on natural products, this Review gives a summary of compounds that elicit and modulate “sweet” or “umami” taste responses. It will be discussed how the interaction of these molecules with the oral sweet and umami taste receptors stimulates receptor cells to secrete neurotransmitters to induce neural activity that is conveyed to the cerebral cortex to represent sweet and umami taste, respectively. Recent data also show that a sweet taste is metabolically relevant for fuel homeostasis and linked to appetitive ingestive behavior.
Copolymerization of acrylonitrile with N‐(substituted phenyl)itaconimide
Authors: Abdel‐Naby Abir S.
Published: February 2011

Acrylonitrile was copolymerized with four N‐(substituted phenyl)itaconimide in dimethyl formamide using azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The structural characterization of the copolymers was done using FTIR, UV/vis, and elemental analysis. Thermal characterization of the copolymers was done using thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) data, which showed a remarkable improvement in the thermal behavior of the investigated copolymers. The acrylonitrile/bromophenyl itaconimide copolymer possessed the best thermal property. The investigation of the dyeing properties of the acrylonitrile‐N‐(substituted phenyl)itaconimide showed good affinity toward basic dyes as well as appreciable improvement in their color fastness toward UV light. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Incidence and predictors of urotoxic adverse events in cyclophosphamide‐treated patients with systemic necrotizing vasculitides
Authors: Le Guenno Guillaume , Mahr Alfred , Pagnoux Christian , Dhote Robin , Guillevin Loïc ,   French Vasculitis Study Group
Published: February 2011

Objective

To assess hemorrhagic cystitis and urinary tract cancer incidence and predictors in cyclophosphamide (CYC)–treated patients with systemic necrotizing vasculitis (SNV).

Methods

The French Vasculitis Study Group database, which contains longitudinal data on SNV patients, was searched for urinary tract cancer and/or hemorrhagic cystitis occurrences in patients diagnosed as having Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), microscopic polyangiitis, Churg‐Strauss syndrome, or polyarteritis nodosa. The observed incidence of urinary tract cancer was compared to the expected incidence in the general population by calculating standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). Relationships between urinary tract cancer and/or hemorrhagic cystitis and 10 variables, including CYC dosage and administration route, were investigated by survival analyses for a nested subgroup of patients for whom detailed information on CYC exposure was available.

Results

Among the 805 patients observed over 4,230 patient‐years (mean followup 5.3 years), 22 cases of hemorrhagic cystitis and 7 of urinary tract cancer were identified in 27 patients. The SIRs for urinary tract cancer were 5.00 for all patients with SNV (P = 0.001) and 5.96 for patients with WG (P = 0.03). Based on 467 patients with detailed CYC information, cumulative CYC dose (hazard ratio [HR] for 10‐gm increments 1.09; P = 0.03), ever‐oral CYC administration (HR 5.50; P = 0.001), and WG (HR 2.96; P = 0.01) independently predicted urinary tract cancer and/or hemorrhagic cystitis. According to univariate analyses, smoking (ever) (HR 8.20; P = 0.02) and a prior hemorrhagic cystitis episode (HR 5.20; P = 0.046) significantly predicted urinary tract cancer.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that CYC treatment of SNV is associated with a 5‐fold higher risk of developing urinary tract cancer. Urotoxicity risk in SNV is associated with the cumulative CYC dose and its oral administration, and might be higher in WG.
Two‐Photon Probes for Zn2+ Ions with Various Dissociation Constants. Detection of Zn2+ Ions in Live Cells and Tissues by Two‐Photon Microscopy
Authors: Danish Isravel Antony , Lim Chang Su , Tian Yu Shun , Han Ji Hee , Kang Min Young , Cho Bong Rae
Published: February 2011

A series of Zn2+‐selective two‐photon fluorescent probes (AZnM1−AZnN) that had a wide range of dissociation constants (KdTP=8 nm‐12 μM) were synthesized. These probes showed appreciable water solubility (>3 μM), cell permeability, high photostability, pH insensitivity at pH>7, significant two‐photon action cross‐sections (86–110 GM) upon complexation with Zn2+, and can detect the Zn2+ ions in HeLa cells and in living tissue slices of rat hippocampal at a depth of >80 μm without mistargeting and photobleaching problems. These probes can potentially find application in the detection of various amounts of Zn2+ ions in live cells and intact tissues.
Two relay controller for real time trajectory generation and its application to inverted orbital stabilization of inertia wheel pendulum via quasi‐continuous HOSM
Authors: Estrada Antonio , Aguilar Luis T. , Iriarte Rafael , Fridman Leonid
Published: February 2011

A quasi‐continuous high‐order sliding mode (QC‐HOSM) control is developed to solve the tracking control problem for an inertia wheel pendulum. A first step towards the solution of the tracking control problem in underactuated systems is to find the set of reference trajectories. A reference model based on the two relay controller idea is then developed for generating a set of desired periodic trajectories for the pendulum centered at its upright position. The two relay controller produces oscillations at the scalar output of the reference underactuated system where the desired amplitude and frequency are reached by choosing its gains. The HOSM will be capable of making the pendulum move, tracking the prescribed reference signals determined by the trajectory generator. Performance issues of the controller constructed are illustrated in an experimental study.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
A parameter condition for ruling out multiple equilibria of the photosynthetic carbon metabolism
Authors: Lei Hong‐Bo , Wang Xin , Wang Ruiqi , Zhu Xin‐Guang , Chen Luonan , Zhang Ji‐Feng
Published: February 2011

In this paper, we propose a reduced molecular network for the photosynthetic carbon metabolism, which can describe the following key characteristics: Calvin cycle, utilization of photosynthate, and photorespiration. Taking the concentrations of the nine major metabolites as variables, we represent the reduced network by deriving a nonlinear differential‐algebraic system with 48 parameters, and theoretically study the multi‐equilibrium property in the photosynthetic carbon metabolism. Specifically, we equivalently transform the original 9‐dimensional system into an independent 2‐dimensional subsystem with ten parameters, and show that the original system has no more than one physiologically feasible equilibrium when the ten parameters of the subsystem stay in a certain field around the nominal value of each parameter, no matter what values the other 38 parameters in the original model are taken. Such a theoretical result not only provides profound insights for qualitatively understanding of the dynamic features of the photosynthetic carbon metabolism, but also can be used to make an accurate judgement on a correct strategy for improving the photosynthesis in plants.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Bounds on the optimal quantization performance of dynamically quantized linear systems with bounded noise
Authors: Ling Qiang , Gu Huihui , Lin Hai , Kang Yu
Published: February 2011

This paper studies a class of quantized linear control systems with diagonalizable system matrices and perturbed by bounded noise. The quantization performance of such systems is measured with the supremum of the quantization error sequence. Our goal is to improve this performance (reduce the quantization error) through designing appropriate quantization policies. Due to their efficiency, the dynamic quantization policies are considered in this paper. A lower bound on the optimal (minimum) quantization error is provided. We also propose a new quantization policy, whose quantization error is an upper bound on the optimal one. A more tractable upper quantization error bound is derived from the new policy. It is shown through simulations that the new policy's quantization error is very close to the lower bound, which confirms both the tightness of the lower bound and the efficiency of the new policy. The achieved lower and upper quantization error bounds, together with the quantization error of the new quantization policy, may provide a good indication on the optimal quantization performance.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
A deadlock prevention approach for flexible manufacturing systems with uncontrollable transitions in their Petri net models
Authors: Zhu Rongming
Published: February 2011

Deadlocks are a highly undesired situation in a fully automated flexible manufacturing system, whose occurrences are tied to the existence of shared resources that are competed by different production processes. In the last two decades, a fair amount of research has been done on deadlock analysis and control for flexible manufacturing systems, leading to a variety of strategies in the literature. Petri nets are a promising mathematical tool to handle deadlock problems in flexible manufacturing systems. However, most deadlock control policies based on a Petri net formalism assume that all the transitions in a plant model are controllable. However, uncontrollability of events are a natural feature in a real‐world production system. This paper proposes a deadlock prevention policy for a class of Petri nets by considering the existence of uncontrollable transitions. Deadlocks are prevented by adding monitors to a plant Petri net model, whose addition does not inhibit the firings of uncontrollable transitions. Linear programming techniques are employed to find transitions to which a monitor points in order that a more permissive liveness‐enforcing Petri net supervisor can be found. A number of manufacturing examples are used to demonstrate the proposed methods.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
ExponentialH∞filtering for nonlinear discrete‐time switched stochastic systems with mixed time delays and random missing measurements
Authors: Zhang Dan , Yu Li , Zhang Wen‐An
Published: February 2011

This paper is concerned with the exponentialH∞filtering for a class of nonlinear discrete‐time switched stochastic hybrid systems with mixed time delays and random missing measurements. The switched system under study involves stochastic disturbance, time‐varying discrete delay, bounded distributed delay and nonlinearity. Attention is focused on the design of a mode‐dependent filter that guarantees the exponential stability in the mean‐square sense and a prescribedH∞noise attenuation level for the filtering error dynamics. By constructing a new Lyapunov functional and using the average dwell time scheme, a new delay‐dependent sufficient condition for the existence of the filter is presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example is finally given to show the effectiveness of the proposed design method.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Comparison of procedures to assess non‐linear and time‐varying effects in multivariable models for survival data
Authors: Buchholz Anika , Sauerbrei Willi
Published: February 2011

The focus of many medical applications is to model the impact of several factors on time to an event. A standard approach for such analyses is the Cox proportional hazards model. It assumes that the factors act linearly on the log hazard function (linearity assumption) and that their effects are constant over time (proportional hazards (PH) assumption). Variable selection is often required to specify a more parsimonious model aiming to include only variables with an influence on the outcome. As follow‐up increases the effect of a variable often gets weaker, which means that it varies in time. However, spurious time‐varying effects may also be introduced by mismodelling other parts of the multivariable model, such as omission of an important covariate or an incorrect functional form of a continuous covariate. These issues interact. To check whether the effect of a variable varies in time several tests for non‐PH have been proposed. However, they are not sufficient to derive a model, as appropriate modelling of the shape of time‐varying effects is required. In three examples we will compare five recently published strategies to assess whether and how the effects of covariates from a multivariable model vary in time. For practical use we will give some recommendations.
Enhancement of recombinant human EPO production and sialylation in chinese hamster ovary cells through Bombyx mori 30Kc19 gene expression
Authors: Wang Zesong , Park Ju Hyun , Park Hee Ho , Tan Wensong , Park Tai Hyun
Published: February 2011

Productivity and sialylation are two important factors for the production of recombinant glycoproteins in mammalian cell culture. In our previous study, we found that silkworm hemolymph increased the sialylation of recombinant secreted human placental alkaline phosphatase in the insect cells, promoted the transfer of sialic acids onto the glycoprotein oligosaccharides in an in vitro asialofetuin sialylation system, and enhanced recombinant protein production in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. These beneficial effects were mainly due to the 30K proteins, which consist of five isoforms. Among the 30K proteins, 30Kc19 was determined to be the major component. In this study, the 30Kc19 gene was introduced into a CHO cell line producing recombinant human erythropoietin, and its effects on productivity and sialylation were investigated. The transient expression of 30Kc19 significantly improved the production and sialylation of EPO. A stable cell line containing 30Kc19 was also established to investigate the effect of 30Kc19 gene expression. The stable expression of 30Kc19 increased the production and sialylation by 102.6% and 87.1%, respectively. The enhanced productivity from 30Kc19 expression is believed to occur because the 30Kc19 protein suppresses the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and consequently improves the generation of intracellular ATP. In addition, the positive effect of 30Kc19 expression on sialylation is believed to be due to its ability to maintain sialyltransferase activity. In conclusion, 30Kc19 expression is a novel approach to improve the production and sialylation of recombinant glycoproteins in CHO cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1634–1642. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.