bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Radio Resource Allocation for V2X Communication
Authors: Masmoudi Ahlem , Mnif Kais , Zarai Faouzi
Published: October 2019

Thanks to the deployment of new techniques to support high data rate, high reliability, and QoS provision, Long-Term Evolution (LTE) can be applied for diverse applications. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is one of the evolving applications for LTE technology to improve traffic safety, to minimize congestion, and to ensure comfortable driving which requires stringent reliability and latency requirements. As mentioned in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), LTE-based Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is an enabler for V2X services to meet these requirements. Therefore, radio resource management (RRM) is important to efficiently allocate resources to V2X communications. In this paper, we present the V2X communications, their requirements and services, the V2X-based LTE-D2D communication modes, and the existing resource allocation algorithms for V2X communications. Moreover, we classify the existing resource allocation algorithms proposed in the literature and we compare them according to selected criteria.
Using the RISK-PCI Score in the Long-Term Prediction of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Mortality after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Savic Lidija , Mrdovic Igor , Asanin Milika , Stankovic Sanja , Krljanac Gordana , Lasica Ratko
Published: October 2019

Background/Aim. The RISK-PCI is a simple score for the prediction of 30-day major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality in patients treated with primary PCI (pPCI). The aim of the present study is to evaluate the prognostic performance of the RISK-PCI score in predicting MACE and mortality in the long-term follow-up of STEMI patients treated with pPCI. Method. The present study enrolled 2,096 STEMI patients treated with pPCI included in the RISK-PCI trial. Patients presenting with cardiogenic shock were excluded. The composite end-point MACE comprising cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal reinfarction and stroke. Patients were followed up at 6 years after enrollment. Results. One-year and 6-year MACE occurred in 229 (10.9%) and 285 (13.6%) patients, respectively; and 1-year and 6-year mortality occurred in 128 (6.2%) and 151 (7.2%) patients, respectively. The RISK-PCI score was an independent predictor for 1-year MACE (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1, 18–1.31, p<0.001), 6-year MACE (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.16–1.28, p<0.001), 1-year mortality (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.13–1.29, p<0.001), and 6-year mortality (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.15–1.31, p<0.001). The discrimination of the RISK-PCI score to predict 1-year and 6-year MACE and mortality was good: for 1-year MACE c-statistic 0.78, for 6-year MACE c-statistic 0.75, for 1-year mortality c-statistic 0.87, and for 6-year mortality c-statistic 0.83. The nonsignificant Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit estimates for 1-year MACE (p=0.619), 6-year MACE (p=0.319), 1-year mortality (p=0.258), and 6-year mortality (p=0.540) indicated a good calibration of the model. Conclusion. The RISK-PCI score demonstrates good characteristics in the assessment of the risk for the occurrence of MACE and mortality during long-term follow-up after pPCI.
New C-Terminal Conserved Regions of Tafazzin, a Catalyst of Cardiolipin Remodeling
Authors: Shilovsky Gregory A. , Zverkov Oleg A. , Seliverstov Alexandr V. , Ashapkin Vasily V. , Putyatina Tatyana S. , Rubanov Lev I. , Lyubetsky Vassily A.
Published: October 2019

Cardiolipin interacts with many proteins of the mitochondrial inner membrane and, together with cytochrome C and creatine kinase, activates them. It can be considered as an integrating factor for components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which provides for an efficient transfer of electrons and protons. The major, if not the only, factor of cardiolipin maturation is tafazzin. Variations of isoform proportions of this enzyme can cause severe diseases such as Barth syndrome. Using bioinformatic methods, we have found conserved C-terminal regions in many tafazzin isoforms and identified new mammalian species that acquired exon 5 as well as rare occasions of intron retention between exons 8 and 9. The regions in the C-terminal part arise from frameshifts relative to the full-length TAZ transcript after skipping exon 9 or retention of the intron between exons 10 and 11. These modifications demonstrate specific distribution among the orders of mammals. The dependence of the species maximum lifespan, body weight, and mitochondrial metabolic rate on the modifications has been demonstrated. Arguably, unconventional tafazzin isoforms provide for the optimal balance between the increased biochemical activity of mitochondria (resulting from specific environmental or nutritional conditions) and lifespan maintenance; and the functional role of such isoforms is linked to the modification of the primary and secondary structures at their C-termini.
Calculation of Active Earth Pressure for Narrow Backfill with a Curved Slip Surface
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Wu Aixiang , Wang Yiming
Published: October 2019

A method was proposed to calculate the earth pressure from a cohesionless backfill with a high aspect ratio (ratio of height to width of retaining wall). An exponential equation of slip surface was proposed first. The proposed nonlinear slip surface equation can be obtained once the width and height of the backfill as well as the internal friction angle of the backfill were given. The failure surface from the proposed formula agreed well with the experimental slip surface. Then, the earth pressure was calculated using a simplified equilibrium equation based on the proposed slip surface. It is assumed that the minor principal stress of the backfill near the wall and at its corresponding slip surface where the depth is the same is the same. Thus, based on the vertical force balance of the horizontal backfill strip, assuming the wall‐soil interface and the slip surface is in the limit equilibrium state, defined by the Mohr–Coulomb criterion, the differential equilibrium equation was obtained and numerically solved. The calculated results agreed well with the test data from the published literature.
Automatic Segmentation of Optic Disc and Cup in Retinal Fundus Images Using Improved Two‐Layer Level Set Method
Authors: Wang Ying , Yu Xiaosheng , Chi Jianning , Wu Chengdong
Published: October 2019

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions, which can seriously damage optic nerves because of an elevated intraocular pressure. Nowadays, glaucoma has become one of the principal causes of blindness that results in irreversible visual loss. Early screening and treatment of glaucoma can prevent further progression of optic nerve degeneration effectively. The vertical cup‐to‐disc ratio (CDR) is a commonly used measurement for the detection of glaucoma, and therefore accurate segmentation of optic disc (OD) and optic cup (OC) regions in retinal fundus images is of great significance. In this paper, we present a prior shape constraint‐based two‐layer level set method for OD and OC segmentation in fundus images. This method uses two different layers of one level set function to represent the OD and OC boundaries. In this method, the distance regularized term is designed to guarantee that the distance between the OD and OC varies smoothly. By introducing the prior shape constraint term energy, the final segmentation results of OD and OC are always in the shape of approximate ellipses. In addition, the proposed method has the property of dealing with the intensity inhomogeneity of fundus images through the local fitting energy embedded. Experiments on images from the Baidu Research database demonstrate that the proposed method has superior performance in terms of accuracy and effectiveness.
Design and Analysis of Sustainable and Seasonal Profit Scaling Model in Cloud Environment
Authors: Kumari Monika , Sahoo G.
Published: October 2019

Cloud is a widely used platform for intensive computing, bulk storage, and networking. In the world of cloud computing, scaling is a preferred tool for resource management and performance determination. Scaling is generally of two types: horizontal and vertical. The horizontal scale connects users’ agreement with the hardware and software entities and is implemented physically as per the requirement and demand of the datacenter for its further expansion. Vertical scaling can essentially resize server without any change in code and can increase the capacity of existing hardware or software by adding resources. The present study aims at describing two approaches for scaling, one is a predator-prey method and second is genetic algorithm (GA) along with differential evolution (DE). The predator-prey method is a mathematical model used to implement vertical scaling of task for optimal resource provisioning and genetic algorithm (GA) along with differential evolution(DE) based metaheuristic approach that is used for resource scaling. In this respect, the predator-prey model introduces two algorithms, namely, sustainable and seasonal scaling algorithm (SSSA) and maximum profit scaling algorithm (MPSA). The SSSA tries to find the approximation of resource scaling and the mechanism for maximizing sustainable as well as seasonal scaling. On the other hand, the MPSA calculates the optimal cost per reservation and maximum sustainable profit. The experimental results reflect that the proposed logistic scaling-based predator-prey method (SSSA-MPSA) provides a comparable result with GA-DE algorithm in terms of execution time, average completion time, and cost of expenses incurred by the datacenter.
Shear Strength of Compacted Clays as Affected by Mineral Content and Wet‐Dry Cycles
Authors: Charkley Frederick Nai , Zhang Kunyong , Mei Guoxiong
Published: October 2019

The behaviors of high‐plasticity clays depend largely on the clay mineral content. Recently, it has been observed that sudden slope failures of most clay slopes occur in regions pronounced with repeated rainfall and sunny climate. The reason for this is still unclear. Examining the effect of clay minerals and drastic weather changes on shear strength will be useful in predicting the performance of structures built in such soils and to take precautionary measures to improve the properties before failure. Therefore, a series of quick direct shearing tests were conducted on 11 artificial clay mixtures. The cohesion and frictional strength properties were determined and linked to the proportion of clay minerals and the number of wetting and drying cycles. The results show a significant reduction in shear strength after exposure to wetting and drying. Generally, montmorillonite‐dominated mixtures were less susceptible to the changes in cohesion strength than kaolin‐dominated mixtures, and the reduction in frictional strength was relatively insignificant.
Reliability Analysis for Bypass Seepage Stability of Complex Reinforced Earth‐Rockfill Dam with High‐Order Practical Stochastic Response Surface Method
Authors: He Jinwen , Zhang Ping , Li Xiaona
Published: October 2019

Practical stochastic response surface method (SRSM) using ordinary high‐order polynomials with mixed terms to approximate the true limit state function (LSF) is proposed to analyze the reliability of bypass seepage stability of earth‐rockfill dam. Firstly, the orders of random variable are determined with a univariate fitting. Secondly, nonessential variables are excluded to identify possible mixed terms. Thirdly, orthogonal table is used to arrange additional samples, and stepwise regression is conducted to achieve a specific high‐order response surface polynomial (RSP). Fourthly, Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is used to calculate the failure probability, and RSP is updated by arranging several additional samplings around the design point. At last, the Bantou complex reinforced earth‐rockfill dam was taken as an example. There are 6 random variables, that is, the upper water level and 5 hydraulic conductivities (HCs). The result shows that a third‐order RSP can ensure good precision, and the failure probability of bypass seepage stability is 3.680 × 10−5 within an acceptable risk range. The HC of concrete cut‐off wall and the HC of rockfill are unimportant random variables. Maximum failure probability at the bank slope has positive correlation with the HC of curtain and the upper water level, negative correlation with the HC of alluvial deposits, and less significance with the HC of filled soil. With the increase of coefficient of variation (Cov) of the HC of curtain, the bypass seepage failure probability increases dramatically. Practical SRSM adopts a nonintrusive form. The reliability analysis and the bypass seepage analysis were conducted separately; therefore, it has a high computational efficiency. Compared with the existing SRSM, the RSP of practical SRSM is simpler and the procedure of the reliability analysis is easier. This paper provides a further evidence for readily application of the high‐order practical SRSM to engineering.
The Impact of Neighborhood Economic and Racial Inequalities on the Spatial Variation of Breast Cancer Survival in New Jersey
Authors: Wiese Daniel , Stroup Antoinette M. , Crosbie Amanda , Lynch Shannon M. , Henry Kevin A.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Mapping breast cancer survival can help cancer control programs prioritize efforts with limited resources. We used Bayesian spatial models to identify whether breast cancer survival among patients in New Jersey (NJ) varies spatially after adjusting for key individual (age, stage at diagnosis, molecular subtype, race/ethnicity, marital status, and insurance) and neighborhood measures of poverty and economic inequality [index of concentration at the extremes (ICE)].

Methods:

Survival time was calculated for all NJ women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2010 and 2014 and followed to December 31, 2015 (N = 27,078). Nonlinear geoadditive Bayesian models were used to estimate spatial variation in hazard rates and identify geographic areas of higher risk of death from breast cancer.

Results:

Significant geographic differences in breast cancer survival were found in NJ. The geographic variation of hazard rates statewide ranged from 0.71 to 1.42 after adjustment for age and stage, and were attenuated after adjustment for additional individual-level factors (0.87–1.15) and neighborhood measures, including poverty (0.9–1.11) and ICE (0.92–1.09). Neighborhood measures were independently associated with breast cancer survival, but we detected slightly stronger associations between breast cancer survival, and the ICE compared to poverty.

Conclusions:

The spatial models indicated breast cancer survival disparities are a result of combined individual-level and neighborhood socioeconomic factors. More research is needed to understand the moderating pathways in which neighborhood socioeconomic status influences breast cancer survival.

Impact:

More effective health interventions aimed at improving breast cancer survival could be developed if geographic variation were examined more routinely in the context of neighborhood socioeconomic inequalities in addition to individual characteristics.
Clonality, Antigen Recognition, and Suppression of CD8+ T Cells Differentially Affect Prognosis of Breast Cancer Subtypes
Authors: Hammerl Dora , Massink Maarten P.G. , Smid Marcel , van Deurzen Carolien H.M. , Meijers-Heijboer Hanne E.J. , Waisfisz Quinten , Debets Reno , Martens John W.M.
Published: October 2019

Purpose:

In breast cancer, response rates to immune therapies are generally low and differ significantly across molecular subtypes, urging a better understanding of immunogenicity and immune evasion.

Experimental Design:

We interrogated large gene-expression data sets including 867 node-negative, treatment-naïve breast cancer patients (microarray data) and 347 breast cancer patients (whole-genome sequencing and transcriptome data) according to parameters of T cells as well as immune microenvironment in relation to patient survival.

Results:

We developed a 109–immune gene signature that captures abundance of CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and is prognostic in basal-like, her2, and luminal B breast cancer, but not in luminal A or normal-like breast cancer. Basal-like and her2 are characterized by highest CD8 TIL abundance, highest T-cell clonality, highest frequencies of memory T cells, and highest antigenicity, yet only the former shows highest expression level of immune and metabolic checkpoints and highest frequency of myeloid suppressor cells. Also, luminal B shows a high antigenicity and T-cell clonality, yet a low abundance of CD8 TILs. In contrast, luminal A and normal-like both show a low antigenicity, and notably, a low and high abundance of CD8 TILs, respectively, which associates with T-cell influx parameters, such as expression of adhesion molecules.

Conclusions:

Collectively, our data argue that not only CD8 T-cell presence itself, but rather T-cell clonality, T-cell subset distribution, coinhibition, and antigen presentation reflect occurrence of a CD8 T-cell response in breast cancer subtypes, which have been aborted by distinct T-cell–suppressive mechanisms, providing a rationale for subtype-specific combination immune therapies.
FDA Approval Summary: Palbociclib for Male Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Wedam Suparna , Fashoyin-Aje Lola , Bloomquist Erik , Tang Shenghui , Sridhara Rajeshwari , Goldberg Kirsten B. , Theoret Marc R. , Amiri-Kordestani Laleh , Pazdur Richard , Beaver Julia A.
Published: October 2019

On April 4, 2019, the FDA approved a supplemental new drug application for palbociclib (IBRANCE), to expand the approved indications in women with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in combination with an aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant, to include men. Palbociclib was first approved in 2015 for use in combination with letrozole for the treatment of estrogen receptor–positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer as initial endocrine-based therapy in postmenopausal women and subsequently in 2016 in combination with fulvestrant in women with HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer with disease progression following endocrine therapy. The current approval was primarily based on the results of the PALOMA-2 and PALOMA-3 trials and, supported by real-world data from electronic health records and insurance claims. To support the safety evaluation in male patients, data from two phase I studies with palbociclib and safety information from the global safety database, were also reviewed. This article summarizes FDA decision-making and data supporting the approval of palbociclib for the treatment of male patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced or MBC.
Atypical KRASG12R Mutant Is Impaired in PI3K Signaling and Macropinocytosis in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Hobbs G. Aaron , Baker Nicole M. , Miermont Anne M. , Thurman Ryan D. , Pierobon Mariaelena , Tran Timothy H. , Anderson Andrew O. , Waters Andrew M. , Diehl J. Nathaniel , Papke Bjoern , Hodge Richard G. , Klomp Jennifer E. , Goodwin Craig M. , DeLiberty Jonathan M. , Wang Junning , Ng Raymond W.S. , Gautam Prson , Bryant Kirsten L. , Esposito Dominic , Campbell Sharon L. , Petricoin Emanuel F. , Simanshu Dhirendra K. , Aguirre Andrew J. , Wolpin Brian M. , Wennerberg Krister , Rudloff Udo , Cox Adrienne D. , Der Channing J.
Published: October 2019

Allele-specific signaling by different KRAS alleles remains poorly understood. The KRASG12R mutation displays uneven prevalence among cancers that harbor the highest occurrence of KRAS mutations: It is rare (∼1%) in lung and colorectal cancers, yet relatively common (∼20%) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), suggesting context-specific properties. We evaluated whether KRASG12R is functionally distinct from the more common KRASG12D- or KRASG12V-mutant proteins (KRASG12D/V). We found that KRASG12D/V but not KRASG12R drives macropinocytosis and that MYC is essential for macropinocytosis in KRASG12D/V- but not KRASG12R-mutant PDAC. Surprisingly, we found that KRASG12R is defective for interaction with a key effector, p110α PI3K (PI3Kα), due to structural perturbations in switch II. Instead, upregulated KRAS-independent PI3Kγ activity was able to support macropinocytosis in KRASG12R-mutant PDAC. Finally, we determined that KRASG12R-mutant PDAC displayed a distinct drug sensitivity profile compared with KRASG12D-mutant PDAC but is still responsive to the combined inhibition of ERK and autophagy.

Significance:

We determined that KRASG12R is impaired in activating a key effector, p110α PI3K. As such, KRASG12R is impaired in driving macropinocytosis. However, overexpression of PI3Kγ in PDAC compensates for this deficiency, providing one basis for the prevalence of this otherwise rare KRAS mutant in pancreatic cancer but not other cancers.

See related commentary by Falcomatà et al., p. 23.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Metadata Concepts for Advancing the Use of Digital Health Technologies in Clinical Research
Authors: Badawy Reham , Hameed Farhan , Bataille Lauren , Little Max A. , Claes Kasper , Saria Suchi , Cedarbaum Jesse M. , Stephenson Diane , Neville Jon , Maetzler Walter , Espay Alberto J. , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Simuni Tanya , Karlin Daniel R.
Published: October 2019

Digital health technologies (smartphones, smartwatches, and other body-worn sensors) can act as novel tools to aid in the diagnosis and remote objective monitoring of an individual’s disease symptoms, both in clinical care and in research. Nonetheless, such digital health technologies have yet to widely demonstrate value in clinical research due to insufficient data interpretability and lack of regulatory acceptance. Metadata, i.e., data that accompany and describe the primary data, can be utilized to better understand the context of the sensor data and can assist in data management, data sharing, and subsequent data analysis. The need for data and metadata standards for digital health technologies has been raised in academic and industry research communities and has also been noted by regulatory authorities. Therefore, to address this unmet need, we here propose a metadata set that reflects regulatory guidelines and that can serve as a conceptual map to (1) inform researchers on the metadata they should collect in digital health studies, aiming to increase the interpretability and exchangeability of their data, and (2) direct standard development organizations on how to extend their existing standards to incorporate digital health technologies. The proposed metadata set is informed by existing standards pertaining to clinical trials and medical devices, in addition to existing schemas that have supported digital health technology studies. We illustrate this specifically in the context of Parkinson’s disease, as a model for a wide range of other chronic conditions for which remote monitoring would be useful in both care and science. We invite the scientific and clinical research communities to apply the proposed metadata set to ongoing and planned research. Where the proposed metadata fall short, we ask users to contribute to its ongoing revision so that an adequate degree of consensus can be maintained in a rapidly evolving technology landscape.
Can the Progression Angle before Labor Help to Predict Cesarean Section?
Authors: Alzola Irune , Murua Emerson , Rodríguez Javier , Burgos Jorge , Maiz Nerea
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to predict cesarean section on a single visit at term using a combination of maternal history and ultrasound markers, including some new markers such as the progression angle used to assess intrapartum progress. Study Design: This was an observational prospective cohort study of singleton term pregnancies that included 575 women. The maternal history and ultrasound markers were obtained on a single visit at 37–38 weeks’ gestation. Multivariable logistic regression was used for prediction of cesarean section. Results: Five hundred and seventy-five women were examined at a median gestational age of 38.3 weeks (range: 35.6–41.6) and a cesarean section was performed on 104 women (18%) – 24 for a fetal indication and 80 for a maternal indication. The risk of cesarean section increased with a previous cesarean section, assisted reproduction techniques, a higher estimated fetal weight, and a greater cervical length, and decreased with a greater maternal height, multiparity, and a wider progression angle. The detection rate for a 20% false positive rate was 69.9% for all cesarean sections, 54.2% for those with a fetal indication, and 77.2% for those with a maternal indication. Conclusions: Assessment at 37–38 weeks’ gestation of ultrasound markers such as the cervical length, progression angle, and estimated fetal weight, in combination with the maternal history, can predict a cesarean section in labor. Cesarean section for a maternal indication is better predicted than cesarean section for a fetal indication.
Macular Hole Surgery in the Case of Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treated with Intravitreal Aflibercept
Authors: Nowosielska Agnieszka
Published: October 2019

A 72-year-old male treated with aflibercept (Eylea) due to choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in his left eye developed a full-thickness macular hole (MH) after the second injection. The occurrence of MH in his left eye resulted in further visual acuity deterioration. As a consequence of having developed the MH, the patient was operated on. Phacoemulsification and vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling and 20% SF6 tamponade were performed. MH closure was achieved and best corrected visual acuity improved to the extent allowed by CNV. The patient continued anti-VEGF treatment with Eylea due to wet age-related macular degeneration in his left eye. The observation period of 2 years has been uneventful and visual acuity of 0.2 has remained stable.
STUDIES ON THE BREEDING STRUCTURE OF TREE SPECIES IN THE TROPICAL RAIN FOREST. I: FAMILY CLUMPS AND INTRAPOPULATION DIFFERENTIATION
Authors: SAKAI KAN-ICHI
Published: October 2019

BreedingÂ  structuresÂ  ofÂ  twoÂ  tropicalÂ  rainÂ  forestÂ  tree species,Â  AltingiaÂ  excelsaÂ  inÂ  JavaÂ  andÂ  Agathis borneensis inÂ  KalimantanÂ  wereÂ  investigated.Â  AssumingÂ  thatÂ  similarityÂ  inÂ  theÂ  assortmentÂ  patternÂ  ofÂ  the isoperoxidase bands tells genetic relationship between trees, on the one hand, and that inbreedingÂ  increases smallerÂ  valuesÂ  ofÂ  theÂ  disagreementÂ  counts,Â  onÂ  theÂ  other,Â  itÂ  hasÂ  beenÂ  concluded thatÂ  inbreedingÂ  occurs considerably in Altingia excelsa and to some extent in Agathis borneensis. Finding that trees showing very low disagreement counts are located close to each other, they were grouped as an assumptive family. It was found that different families were quite dissimilar with respect to isoperoxideÂ  constitution and in severalÂ  leaf characters as well. The distance between two trees at which they can mate is estimated to be 16 to 18 meters or 16.5 meters and the area one family occupies is 200 to 250 m^, assuming that a family clump can be a breeding unit in Altingia excelsa, within which trees mate at random. Some families were distributed mixed with each other withinÂ  the matingÂ  distance,Â  butÂ  theyÂ  wereÂ  foundÂ  stillÂ  genetically differentiatedÂ  fromÂ  eachÂ  other. This reproductiveÂ  isolationÂ  amongÂ  familiesÂ  isÂ  interpretedÂ  toÂ  beÂ  dueÂ  toÂ  geneticÂ  differencesÂ  betweenÂ  familiesÂ  in flowering time. In Agathis borneensis,Â  there was no indication of family clump formation. Related trees may have been widely scattered in the forest, and the inbreeding of the species may be due to self-fertilization of individual trees and not to outcrossing between relatives.
NOTES ON SOME FUSARIUM AND CYLINDROCARPON ON DIPTEROCARPACEAE OF INDONESIA*
Authors: ELQUARD CLAIRE
Published: October 2019

Six species of pathogenic fungi belonging to the genera Fusarium (Fusarium sacchari var. sacchari, F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. spl, F. sp2) and Cylindrocarpon (Cylindrocarpon destructans) on seeds, seedlings and saplings of Dipterocarpaceae in Sumatra and West Java were identified.
SHADING EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND PARTITIONING OF PLANT BIOMASS IN PASPALUM CONJUGATUM BERG
Authors: IPOR I,B
Published: October 2019

Glasshouse studies were carried out to determine the effect of shading on the growth and partitioning of plant biomass in Paspalum conjugatum Berg. The invidual leaf rate expansion, final leaf are, specific leaf area, and the whole plant vegetative growth pattern, dry-matter production, leaf area as well as biomass partitioning were significantly influenced by shading. At the 75% level of shading, P. conjugatum produced the highest values of leaf weightÂ  ratio,Â  specificÂ  leafÂ  areaÂ  andÂ  leafÂ  areaÂ  ratio.Â  IndividualÂ  leafÂ  assessmentÂ  revealedÂ  thatÂ  shading significantly increased the final leaf area, duration of leaf expansion and specific leaf area.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF DAMPING-OFF FUNGI OF AGOHO (CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA L.) USING ANTAGONISTIC BACTERIA
Authors: E.P. MILITANTE, M.U. GARC A.K. RAYMUNDO,
Published: October 2019

A series of laboratory and nursery experiments were conducted specifically to determine the efficacy of 85 strains of Bacillus species and 15 actinomycetes against six fungal pathogens isolated from damped-off agoho. These damping-off fungi were: Fusarium oxysporum Schet., Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn., Phytophthora parasitica Dastur, Pythium debaryanum Hesse, and two unidentified pathogens temporarily designated as Unk 1 and Unk 2. Preliminary test using the agar-plug technique revealed that 18 of the bacterial isolates could suppress two or more of the six damping-off fungi. Fusarium oxysporum was inhibited by 17 bacterial isolates, R. solani by 8 isolates, P. parasitica by 14 isolates and P. debaryanum by 15 isolates. The unidentified damping-off fungi Unk 1 and Unk 2 were inhibited by 13 and 9 isolates, respectively. Further screening using the agar-diffusion method disclosed that 10 isolates were effective antagonists with Bacillus subtilis (Code No. R060), Bacillus sp. (Code No. R071), and Streptomyces sp. (Code No. R086) as the consistent and most effective inhibitors. Application of the three most promising antagonistic bacteria as seed treatment s howed that they effectively inhibited the growth of the damping-off fungi in the laboratory as exhibited by an increase in percent germination. Bacillus subtilis however, was not able to antagonize the effect of P. debaryanum in this particular experiment. Seed germination and seedling survival were likewise improved with the application of the three most promising antagonistic bacteria as seed treatment. This was shown after three months under nursery conditions. There were possible mechanisms of control by the antagonistic bacteria against the damping-off fungi. The mycelium and spores of the pathogenic fungus may have been attacked and parasitized by the antagonist when they were simultaneously grown in culture media. There must have been a competitive interaction between the two microorganisms. Any essential requirement of microorganisms can serve as potentially possible basis for competition. Another was antibiosis which is an inhibitory effect exerted by an organism upon another organism through the production of antibiotic compounds. Moreover, several strains of bacteria are effective in lysing cell walls of pathogenic fungi under laboratory conditions. Lysis is often attributed to production of cell wall degrading enzymes like chitinase and gluconase that may hydrolyze major constituents of fungal cell walls.
THE POSSIBILITY OF CONTROLLING SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII ON SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX) USING TRICHODERMA AND TEBUCONAZOLE*)
Authors: DHARMAPUTRA OKKY S.
Published: October 2019

The possibility of controlling S. rolfsii on soybean (Glycine max) var. Rinjani using T. aureoviride and Tebuconazole under field conditions was studied. The experiment was conducted at the experimental plot of SEAMEO BIOTROP. The pathogen was mixed with the soil (2 kg/plot) 4 days before the inoculation of the antagonist (2.25 kg/plot). The measurement of each plot was 2.5 x 6 m2 . N, P and K (120 kg/ha) were applied at the same day with the inoculation of the pathogen. Soybean seeds were planted 7 days after the inoculation of the antagonist. The distance between plants and between plots were 20 and 40 cm, respectively. The fungicide at concentration of 100 g/ha (in vitro concentration) and 210 g/ha (field or recommended concentration) were applied using 2 methods, i.e. 1) spraying on the planting hole at the same day as the planting of soybean seeds, and 2) spraying on the soil surrounding the plants 7 days after planting. Soils that were neither inoculated with the antagonist nor the fungicide were used as controls. Three replications (3 plots) were used for each treatment (including the control). The results showed that the inoculation of the antagonist, the concentrations of the fungicide, and time of application gave very significant differences in the percentages of the plants infected by the pathogen and significant differences in seed production; while the interaction between the inoculation of the antagonist and the concentrations of the fungicide, between the concentrations of the fungicide and the time of application, and between the inoculation of the antagonist, the concentrations of the fungicide and the time of application did not give significant differences either in the percentages of the plants infected by the pathogen or seed production. The percentage of plants infected by the pathogen was lower on soil inoculated with the antagonist (31.6%) than on soil not inoculated with the antagonist (52.9%). The percentage of plants infected by the pathogen was lower on soil treated with the fungicide either at in vitro concentration (37.5%) or at field concentration (37.4%) than on the soil not treated
BROWN SPOT CAUSED BY CURVULARIA SPP., A NEW DISEASE OF ASPARAGUS
Authors: B. SALLEH B. SALLEH , SAFINAT A. , JULIA L. , TEO C.H.
Published: October 2019

The distribution, aetiology and symptomatology of a new disease on asparagus ferns, which we have termed brown spot, is described. Descriptions of and a key to identification of the causal organisms, Curvularia brachyspora, C. eragrostidis, C. lunata and C. pallescens, are also presented. Pathogenicity tests showed that C. lunata was the dominant and most virulent of the four species. Inoculation with conidial suspensions or mycelial transfers through wounded ferns were more effective in inducing the disease than inoculations on unwounded ferns. This is the first record of C. brachyspora in Malaysia and the first report of this disease on asparagus
Key words: Malaysia/Plant diseases/Brown spotJCurvularia brachyspora/Curvularia eragrostidts/Curvularialunata/Curvularia pallescens/Asparagus.
INFLUENCE OF MOISTURE CONTENT AND LENGTH OF STORAGE ON FUNGAL INVASION OF PADDY RICE *)
Authors: E. PADERES DANILO
Published: October 2019

The relationship of moisture content and storage period to fungal population, seed germination, grain whiteness and translucency was determined. Various fungal species predominated at different moisture conditions and storage periods. The fungi observed belong to the groups of Aspergillus flavus-oryzae, A. glaucus, A. mdulans. A. candidus, A. versicolor, A. terreus and A. niger andÂ  an unidentified species of Penicillium, Trichoconiella, Curvularia, Fusarium, SyncephalastrumÂ  and Verticillium. The predominant storage fungi were A. fla\iis-oryzae and A. candidus whereas, the predominant field fungi were Trichoconiella sp., Cun-ularia sp. and Syncepfialastrwn sp. A decrease in the number of field fungi and an increase in the number of storage fungi with storage time were observed. Storage fungi were noted as early as five weeks after storage at moisture contents from 9.3 to 18.33%. The percentage germination of paddy remained high when stored at moisture contents of 9.3 to 14% but decreased with storage time at 14.5 to 18.33% moistureÂ  content. TheÂ  percentage germination of paddyÂ  reachedÂ  a peakÂ  atÂ  10-15 weeks ofÂ  storage. AÂ  significant negative correlation between percent germination and moisture content was observed. At 14.5-18.33% moisture content, the germination of stored paddy decreased with a marked increase of storage molds. ChangesÂ  in grain whiteness wasÂ  notÂ  affected by moistureÂ  content. However,Â  aÂ  decreaseÂ  in percentÂ  whitenessÂ  and translucency was noted after 25 weeks of storage.Keywords:Â Â Â Â Â Â  Stored products pests / Rice / Moisture content / Storage / Time / Fungi / Aspergillus sp. / Penicillium sp. / Trichoconiella sp. / Curvularia sp. / Fusarium sp./ Syncephalastrum sp. / Verticillium sp.Â
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PROCECIDOCHARES CONNEXA IN WEST JAVA, INDONESIA : A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF CHROMOLAENA ODORATA
Authors: THTROSEMITO SOEKISMAN
Published: October 2019

Kirinyu (Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King and H. Robinson) was reported for the first time in 1934 from Lubuk Pakam North Sumatera. It grows vegetatively during the wet season, flowers and sets a high number of fruits at the end of the wet season, and senesces during the dry season. It may be controlled manually by uprooting the weed or by slashing, and chemically by spraying with herbicides. However, this has not been successful. Recently a biological control agent, Procecidochares connexa was introduced at Parung Panjang, West Java, as a biological control agent of C. odorata. This paper reports the successful establishment of Procecidochares connexa. Two releases of P. connexa colonies were made in Parung Panjang at the end of 1995. The colony was able to survive through a harsh dry season of 1997. When C. odorata was swept by fire, the emerging shoots soon were attacked by P. connexa. The population of C. odorata went down to 37.2% with 31.8% of its emerging shoots attacked by P. connexa in a 2-year period. When twigs were attacked byÂ  P. connexa,Â  the production of cypsellas was reduced by about 50% in one season. However, the survival of emerging flies was also affected by the death of twigs upon maturation of the cypsellas. Key words: Biological controUChromolaena odoratalProcecidochares connexa
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOME ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN ALGINATE BEADS IN PROMOTING THE GROWTH OF SEVERAL DIPTEROCARP SEEDLINGS
Authors: SUPRIYANTO SUPRIYANTO
Published: October 2019

The effectiveness of six species of ectomycorrhizal fungi (Scleroderma columnare, S.dictyosporum, Laccaria toccata, Rhizopogon luteolus, Amanita umbronata and Descomyces sp.) in alginate beads in promoting the growth of four species of dipterocarp seedlings (Shorea pinanga, S.leprosula, S.ovalis and Hopea odorata) were studied. Different sodium alginate concentrations of 5 g, 10 g, 15 g and 20 g/L were tested to find out the best bead's elasticity and spore germination. Seedling height, Relative Field Mycorrhizal Dependency, percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, nutrient absorption, and the formation of Hartig's net and mantle structure of dipterocarp seedlings were observed 4 months after inoculation. The best elasticity of alginate beads was found in the concentration of sodium alginate of 15 g/L. The best growth increment was found in Hopea odorata inoculated with Amanita umbronata (126.60 %) followed by Shorea pinanga inoculated with Descomyces sp. (27.10%), Shorea ovalis inoculated with Amanita umbronata (26.90 %) and Shorea leprosula inoculated with Descomyces sp. (24.20 %) over the control. The highest Relative Field Mycorrhizal Dependency was found in Hopea odorata followed by Shorea ovalis, S. pinanga and S. leprosula. The highest mycorrhizal colonization was obtained in Shorea pinanga inoculated with Descomyces sp. (75%), while inoculation with Amanita umbronata on S.leprosula, S.ovalis and Hopea odorata increased mycorrhizal colonization i.e. 64.5 %, 52.5%, and 46.2 %, respectively. Hartig's net and mantle structures were well formed in Shorea leprosula as well as S.ovalis seedlings with all mycorrhizal fungi tested, while in S.pinanga seedlings these structures were only well formed with Descomyces sp. There is no clear difference in P levels in the leaves following inoculation as compared to the controls. Key words: Mycorrhizas/AlginateÂ  beads/Scleroderma columnare/Scleroderma dictyosporumlLaccaria laccatalRhizopogon luteoluslAmanita umbronatalDescomycesÂ  sp./Growth/Dipterocarpace-ae/Seedlings.
THE OCCURRENCE OF INSECTS, FUNGI AND ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS IN STORED COFFEE BEANS IN LAMPUNG
Authors: S. DHARMAPUTRA OKKY , SUNJAYA SUNJAYA , RETNOWATI INA , AMAD MUHAMMAD
Published: October 2019

A survey on postharvest handling and technology processing of coffee beans at farmer, trader and exporter levels was conducted in West Lampung and Tanggamus regencies of Lampung province during harvest time (July 1998). Interviews and sampling of coffee beans were carried out during the survey. The number of respondents at farmer, trader and exporterÂ  levels was 22, 20 and 4, respectively, while the number of samples collected from each level was 20. All samples were analyzed for moisture content, physical quality, insect and fungal infestation, reducing sugar content, and coffee cupping. The results of the interviews indicated that postharvest handling and technology processing became better from farmers to exporters. Moisture contents of coffee beans collected from farmers and traders were higher than the tolerable limit recommended by SNI (13%). Physical quality of coffee beans collected from exporters was higher than that collected from farmers and traders. Insects were found on coffee beans collected from farmers, traders and exporters, but the number of species and the percentage of samples infested by insects from each level were relatively low. The predominant species was Liposcelis entomophila. The number of fungal species on coffee beans collected from farmers was higher thanÂ  that collected from traders and exporters. The predominant species at the three levels was Aspergillus niger, but the lowest percentage of beans infected by this fungus was found on coffee beans collected from exporters. The lowest percentage of samples infected by all fungi was also found on coffee beans collected from exporters. Reducing sugar content of coffee beans collected from exporters was lower than that from farmers and traders. Aroma and flavor values tended to increase from farmers through traders to exporters, while the body decreased. Some off-flavors (i.e. earthy, mouldy, fermented and woody) were encountered in a few coffee samples from farmers as well as from traders. There was no off-flavor encountered in the coffee samples from exporters. Key words:Â Â Â  Stored products pests/Postharvest handling/Technology processing/Moisture content Physical quality/Insect/Fungi/Reducing sugars/Coffee cupping/Coffee/ Lampung.
Litter Fall in A Primary and Two Logged-over Lowland Tropical Rainforests in Pasirmayang, Jambi.
Authors: WASRIN UPIK ROSALINA , PUTERA AGUS EKA
Published: October 2019

Litter accumulation in aÂ  primary and a logged-overÂ  lowland dipterocarpÂ  forest at Pasirmayang, Jambi was measured using the litter trap method. In the primary forest, traps were placed in four distinct areas, reflecting the succession stages of the forest from building to maturation. In the logged-over forest, litter production was measured at two different sites, one cut in 1979/1980 and the second in 1983/1984. In the primary forest, average litter production during the observation period was 925 g m"2yr'. In the logged-over forest, average litter production was 721 g m'2Â yr1Â for the site cut in 1979/1980 and 706 g m'2Â yr1Â for the site cut in 1983/1984. Leaves comprised the major contributor of litter with 67% of total litter produced in the primary forest, 67% of total litter in the 1979/1980 cut logged-over forest, and 65% of total litter in the 1983/1984 cut logged-over forest. The purpose of the study wasÂ  to use litter fall as a measure of forest productivityÂ  to assess the recovery of logged-over forests and, to provide a basis for comparison of forest-derived land practices for appropriate forest management strategies. Key words: Litter production/primary forest/logged-over forest/forest productivity/Pasirmayang/Jambi.
Novel Autoimmune IgM Antibody Attenuates Atherosclerosis in IgM Deficient Low-Fat Diet–Fed, but Not Western Diet–Fed
Apoe
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Mice
Authors: Cherepanova Olga A. , Srikakulapu Prasad , Greene Elizabeth S. , Chaklader Malay , Haskins Ryan M. , McCanna Mary E. , Bandyopadhyay Smarajit , Ban Bhupal , Leitinger Norbert , McNamara Coleen A. , Owens Gary K.
Published: October 2019

Objective:

Oxidized phospholipids (OxPL), such as the oxidized derivatives of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, and 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, have been shown to be the principal biologically active components of minimally oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein). The role of OxPL in cardiovascular diseases is well recognized, including activation of inflammation within vascular cells. Atherosclerotic
Apoe
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mice fed a high-fat diet develop antibodies to OxPL, and hybridoma B-cell lines producing natural anti-OxPL autoantibodies have been successfully generated and characterized. However, as yet, no studies have been reported demonstrating that treatment with OxPL neutralizing antibodies can be used to prevent or reverse advanced atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results:

Here, using a screening against 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine/1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, we generated a novel IgM autoantibody, 10C12, from the spleens of
Apoe

–/–

mice fed a long-term Western diet, that demonstrated potent OxPL neutralizing activity in vitro and the ability to inhibit macrophage accumulation within arteries of
Apoe

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mice fed a Western diet for 4 weeks. Of interest, 10C12 failed to inhibit atherosclerosis progression in
Apoe

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mice treated between 18 and 26 weeks of Western diet feeding likely due at least in part to high levels of endogenous anti-OxPL antibodies. However, 10C12 treatment caused a 40% decrease in lipid accumulation within aortas of secreted IgM deficient,
sIgM

–/–

Apoe

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, mice fed a low-fat diet, when the antibody was administrated between 32-40 weeks of age.

Conclusions:

Taken together, these results provide direct evidence showing that treatment with a single autoimmune anti-OxPL IgM antibody during advanced disease stages can have an atheroprotective outcome.