bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New cross section measurements on tungsten isotopes around 14 MeV neutrons and their excitation functions *
Authors: Li Yong , Zhou Fengqun , Hao Yajuan , Ma Xiaoqiang , Ji Pengfei , Zhang Xiaopeng , Yuan Shuqing
Published: January 2022

New cross sections of the 183W(n,α)180mHf, 186W(n,d*)185Ta, 182W(n,p)182Ta, 184W(n,p)184Ta, 182W(n,2n)181W, 184W(n,α)181Hf, and 186W(n,α)183Hf reactions were measured in the neutron energy range of 13.5-14.8 MeV via the activation technique to improve the database and resolve discrepancies. Monoenergetic neutrons in this energy range were produced via the T(d,n)4He reaction on a solid Ti-T target. The activities of the irradiated monitor foils and samples were measured using a well-calibrated high-resolution HPGe detector. Theoretical calculations of the excitation functions of the seven nuclear reactions mentioned above in the neutron energies from the threshold to 20 MeV were performed using the nuclear theoretical model program TALYS-1.9 to aid new evaluations of cross sections on tungsten isotopes. The experimental data obtained were analyzed and compared with that of previous experiments conducted by other researchers, and with the evaluated data available in the five major evaluated nuclear data libraries of IAEA (namely ENDF/B-VIII.0 or ENDF/B-VII.0, JEFF-3.3, JENDL-4.0u+, CENDL-3.2, and BROND-3.1 or ROSFOND-2010), and the theoretical values acquired using TALYS-1.9 nuclear-reaction modeling tools. The new cross section measurements agree with those of some recent experiments and theoretical excitation curves at the corresponding energies. The consistency of the theoretical excitation curves based on TALYS-1.9 with these experimental data is better than that of the evaluated curves available in the five major nuclear data libraries of IAEA.
V0644 Ser: An Active Ultrashort Period Contact Binary Star
Authors: Xu Hu-Shan , Zhu Li-Ying , Thawicharat Sarotsakulchai , Boonrucksar Soonthornthum
Published: January 2022

The photometric solutions of the ultrashort period close binary V0644 Ser based on our new complete BVRI light curves are derived by the Wilson–Devininney code. The results show that V0644 Ser is a W-type shallow contact binary, and the third light was found in the R and I bands. Compared with the light curves in 2011, the amplitude variation of the secondary maximum can be explained by the temperature change from hot to cold in the local region of the star surface caused by magnetic activity or convective instability. Combined with the Gaia parallax, the absolute parameters of this system are obtained: M
1 = 0.29(4) M
⊙, M
2 = 0.56(9) M
⊙, R
1 = 0.48(3) R
⊙, R
2 = 0.65(3) R
⊙, L
1 = 0.11(2) L
⊙, L
2 = 0.16(2) L
⊙. To study the period variation, we fitted the SuperWASP, CSS, ASAS-SN and ZTF survey timing data to obtain light minima times spanning 14 yr. Through O − C analysis, we find that the orbital period of this system has a long-term period decrease and periodic oscillation. The long-term period decrease can be explained by the mass transfer from more-massive component to less one and angular momentum loss via magnetic stellar wind. With the period decrease, this system is evolving from the present shallow contact phase to a relatively deeper stage predicted by the thermal relaxation oscillation theory. Periodic oscillation can be explained by the light-time effect of the cool third body. This third body may play an important role in the early formation and evolution of the binary system by removing angular momentum.
Process design and simulation of industrial-scale biodiesel purification using membrane technology
Authors: Kusumocahyo S P , Redulla R C , Fulbert K , Iskandar A A
Published: January 2022

Biodiesel is commonly produced through a transesterification reaction of vegetable oil with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst to produce fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The reaction also produces glycerol as a by-product that must be separated from the FAME to obtain a biodiesel product that meets international standards. The common method to remove glycerol from FAME is washing with water. However, it produces a vast amount of wastewater and consumes much energy. Membrane technology is a promising separation technique for removing glycerol from biodiesel on an industrial scale since the separation using membrane does not produce wastewater and the energy consumption is low. In this work, the application of membrane technology to separate biodiesel and glycerol was studied through a process design and simulation of an industrial scale biodiesel purification process with a production capacity of 723 kL/day. A multistage feed-and-bleed microfiltration membrane system was designed to purify biodiesel from glycerol, and the process simulation was carried out using computer programming. The result of the process simulation showed that purified biodiesel could be produced by using the multistage microfiltration membrane system. The minimum membrane area required for the separation process in each stage could be calculated using the computer program. It was found that the total membrane area decreased with the increasing number of stages. A reduction of the total membrane area of 37% was achieved using ten stages microfiltration system. The optimum number of the stages could be determined through a tradeoff analysis of the cost to minimize the capital cost of the multistage membrane system. For the case study in this work, a stage number of 4 was found as the optimum stage number of the microfiltration system. This result showed that the membrane technology has great potential to be applied for the industrial-scale biodiesel purification process.
Potential of biomass and coal co-firing power plants in Indonesia: a PESTEL analysis
Authors: Sugiyono A , Febijanto I , Hilmawan E , Adiarso
Published: January 2022

Biomass co-firing technology for coal power plants has been widely applied in developed countries. The government of Indonesia is currently encouraging the implementation of biomass co-firing to achieve the target of 23% new and renewable energy (NRE) share in the national energy mix by 2025. Although only a few technical issues are left on the implementation of biomass co-firing in coal power plants, the challenges for the large-scale application and the long-term sustainability of the technology still need to be investigated. To identify and overcome these challenges, this paper applies the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal (PESTEL) framework to analyze the business prospects for biomass co-firing for coal power plants. There is potential for biomass co-firing in 114 units of coal power plants with a total capacity of 18.1 GW spread across various locations in Indonesia. As a consequence, it requires around 9 million tons of biomass per year. This huge potential market of biomass opens opportunities for people to participate in supplying the raw materials. The biomass market as co-firing fuels will push agricultural and industrial waste management to be used more efficiently. The biomass supply chain needs to be well developed so that the biomass supply can be sustainable at an economically feasible price, to ensure that electricity prices generated from utilities are affordable for the public. The technical specifications for biomass need to be standardized. The 10% co-firing acceleration of the total coal power plant capacity, or equivalent to around 1.81 GW, can directly contribute to the achievement of the NRE target for the electricity sector and simultaneously reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The government needs to prepare related supporting instruments such as technical regulations, technological and economic aspects, and policy support.
Energy balance analysis on increasing the capacity of a sugar factory in Indonesia
Authors: Wibowo A
Published: January 2022

Sugar is one of the important commodities for Indonesia, whose consumption is increasing along with the increasing population. On the other hand, domestic sugar production stagnated and forced an increase in sugar imports. To overcome this, the government is revitalizing sugar factories to increase national sugar production capacity. The Rendeng Sugar Factory, in Kudus, Central Java, Indonesia, is one of the sugar factories whose capacity has been increased from 2800 TCD to 4000 TCD. This capacity increase, of course, has consequences for an increase in energy consumption for the production process. As a self-sufficient energy system with a source of biomass fuel from bagasse, an energy balance analysis is needed to ensure that the production process can run well. After this capacity increase, the sugar factory will produce 51.27 tons of bagasse/hour used as boiler fuel. There are two boilers, each of which produces superheated steam of 40 tons/hour for Boiler-I and boiler 50 tons/hour for Boiler-II. The superheated steam then flows to several turbines as a power plant and prime mover. The residual steam from the turbine is then used as a heat source in the process, with a requirement of 81.8 tons/hour. With this analysis, energy self-sufficiency with bagasse as fuel can still be fulfilled, and there are even energy reserves.
Copyrolysis of rice husk and plastic bags waste from low-density polyethylene (LDPE) for improving pyrolysis liquid product
Authors: Wijayanti H , Irawan C , Aulia N
Published: January 2022

Rice husk is an agricultural waste from the rice milling process that results in environmental problems during its handling. Biomass (such as rice husk) can be transformed into biofuel via pyrolysis. Pyrolysis is a thermal decomposition of organic compounds in biomass at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. The main difference of pyrolysis liquid compared to fossil fuel is the significant amount of oxygen (O) content instead of its carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). Thus, making pyrolysis liquid has a lower heating value and inferior properties limiting its direct fuel application. On the other hand, plastic bag waste from low-density polyethylene (LDPE) contains a high C and H with almost no O content. This study conducted co-pyrolysis of rice husk and LDPE at a different percentage (%weight) of LDPE (0, 5, 15, 25, 50, and 75). The pyrolysis temperature was measured using a comparison of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of rice husk powder and LDPE. The pyrolysis liquid resulted was collected and analyzed. The results show that the increase of LDPE content caused the yield of the organic phase (desired as fuel) of pyrolysis liquid to increase. The properties in the term of heating value also increased while the viscosity and density of pyrolysis liquid decreased. These properties were almost similar to diesel fuel with a slightly lower heating value. However, at 50 % LDPE composition, the wax was formed. Therefore, the optimum composition was 25% of LDPE, resulting in 41.69 MJ/kg of heating value.
Fabrication and characterization of FITC-modified naturalbased silica nanoparticles using sol-gel method
Authors: Sifana N O , Jenie S N A
Published: January 2022

This research aimed to synthesize fluorescent silica nanoparticles (SiFITC) modified with the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dye using sol-gel method. The FITC dye was used as the fluorophore to produce fluorescent silica nanoparticles. The precipitate from geothermal power plant containing SiO2 was used as a precursor and added with NaOH at 90°C generating sodium silicate. FITC solution was added with various concentrations ranging from 0.1, 0.2, 1, 5 to 10 mg/mL and the mixture was allowed to age for 18 hours. Characterization of SiFITC was measured using fluorescence spectrophotometer to obtain the fluorescence intensity, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy to determine the functional group of SiFITC, Brauner Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption method to calculate the specific area of the nanoparticles, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to analyze the crystallographic phases. Fluorescent intensity showed that SiFITC with 1 mg/mL of FITC had the lowest fluorescence intensity indicating self-quenching mechanism due to the overloading of the dye in the silica matrix. The FT-IR spectra showed vibration at wavenumber of 956 (Si-O); 1073 and 798 (Si-O-Si); 3396 (OH) and 1631 cm−1 (Si-OH). BET analysis showed that the specific surface of the SiFITC 480 m2/g and XRD results showed that the samples were in amorphous phase with uniform pore distribution. The results showed that the FITC-modified silica nanoparticles have great potential for further investigation in biosensing applications, particularly fluorescence or optical based detection of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Synthesis of silica-cellulose aerogel derived from bagasse through impregnation and ambient pressure drying methods as thermal insulator
Authors: Silviana S , Sa’adah A N , Deastuti R P , Ramadhani N C , Simarmata N , Arianto L E , Tiurma M Y , Rahmaningrum J , Fauzi F , Mahmud M A S
Published: January 2022

The trend of research and development of technological advancement in thermal insulators involves using renewable materials, selecting manufacturing processes that require the lowest possible energy, or using waste materials that may help subdue the reduction of petroleum reserves. This review discusses the potential substitution of petroleum by natural materials in thermal insulation manufacturing. This review presents an overview of the definition, properties, materials, and methods that can be used in the manufacture of thermal insulators based on results reported in the literature. Many materials are currently being investigated to produce thermal insulator such as cellulose. Cellulose fiber has a big potential to be used in the manufacture of thermal insulators because cellulose possesses many advantageous properties over petroleum-based polymers, i.e. biocompatibility, biodegradability, thermal stability, chemical stability, and low cost. Another material that may be used is silica, as it has high temperature resistance and low thermal expansion. Bagasse containing high cellulose and silica with the composition of 32-44% cellulose and 55.5%-70% silica. Therefore, bagasse proves appealing to be processed into thermal insulator. Aerogels are among the best thermal insulating materials known. This review proposes the impregnation method followed by the ambient pressure drying (APD) method to synthesize cellulose-silica aerogel. The impregnation of silica into cellulose aerogel will increase mechanical strength, flexibility, and the resulting silica-cellulose aerogel will be transparent with a very low thermal conductivity.
Effect carbon black and modified kaolin hybrid filler on the curing and physic-mechanical properties of natural rubber-styrene butadiene rubber blends
Authors: Susanto T , Rahmaniar  , V Putra V. G. , Sari T I , Farida  , Roni K A , Puspitasari G
Published: January 2022

Carbon black is known as an excellent reinforced filler for rubber compounding, this petroleum based product needs to be substituted using renewable or mineral filler due to some negative adverse. In this paper, natural rubber (NR) – styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) (50/50) phr binary blends based on polyethylene glycol-modified kaolin (PEG-K) and carbon black CB hybrid filler were synthesized. The rubber formulation was designed for idler roller for charcoal conveyor in open peat mining application. The present study investigates the effect of PEG-K and CB composition on curing, physical, tensile and oil, and acid resistance of the binary blends. The effect was examined by varying the composition of PEG-K/CB as follows: 50/0; 40/10; 30/20; 20/30; 10/40; 0/50 phr/phr of the hybrid filler. The rubber compounding was conducted in accordance with the ASTM D3142, and the testing procedures were analyzed based on international standards. The vulcanizates were prepared by heating press at 140 °C for about 25 minutes. The results showed that the processing-ability of a single filler is easier than the higher hybrid filler. The rheological analysis showed that the higher PEG-K may increase the cure rate index, but the lower PEG-K might improve cross-linking density. The higher loading CB improved the specific gravity and hardness, tensile strength slightly, while there is less significant effect on decreasing compression set, abrasion resistance, and elongation at break. Meanwhile, the higher number CB of binary blends has better oil and acid resistance than the PEG-K. Compared to idler roller specification in the market, the vulcanizates in this research have better quality.
Separation of proanthocyanidin from red sorghum seed extract using macroporous resin
Authors: Musdzalifah M , Fahrurrozi M , Sediawan W B , Susanti D Y
Published: January 2022

Proanthocyanidin has been extracted from red sorghum seed with Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction using an aqueous-based solvent. Proanthocyanidin concentration in the extract is relatively low mixing with other compounds. The adsorption method was chosen to separate proanthocyanidin compounds due to the relatively simple operation to recover targeted solutes from low concentration solutions. The purpose of this study was to find an efficient adsorbent for separating proanthocyanidin from red sorghum seed extract. Two types of macropore resin were investigated, namely macropore resin AB-8 and D101. Besides the slight difference in average pores diameter, D101 is non-polar while AB-08 is weak polar resin. The initial concentration of proanthocyanidin compounds in the extract was 0.872 mg/ml. Adsorption processes were performed to reach equilibrium. AB-8 and D101 macropore resins showed adsorption capacity of 34.65 mg/g and 30.36 mg/g with the percent recovery of 79.64% and 69.79%, respectively. Macropore resin AB-8 offers a higher adsorption capacity than macropore resin D101. Additionally, adsorption with AB-8 could reach equilibrium after 24 hours, while D101 took significantly longer to reach equilibrium after 48 hours. While both AB-8 and D101 macropore resins demonstrated reasonable performance as potential adsorbents for recovering proanthocyanidin from red sorghum extract, AB-8 showed better performance in terms of capacity and adsorption rate.
Computational study of the acetic acid extraction process from an aqueous solution with the aid of biological buffer
Authors: Altway S , Ramli N B , Maulidia M I , Soeprijanto S , Zuchrillah D R , Tiwikrama A H
Published: January 2022

The liquid-liquid extraction of acetic acid from an aqueous solution with 1-heptanol as an extraction solvent in the extraction column and mixer-decanter at 30°C and atmospheric pressure was simulated using Aspen Plus. A Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) based model was developed by minimizing maximum-likelihood objective function. In the simulation of the extraction column and mixer-decanter, the effect of the number of stages and the flow rate of the solvent on the percent recovery can be seen. In addition, a comparison of the percent recovery value between acetic acid extraction systems using EPPS (4-(2-hydroxyehtyl)-1-piperazine propanesulfonic acid) and HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1 piperazineethanesulfonic acid) buffers was also carried out with systems without buffers. In this study, an economic analysis was also carried out for the acetic acid extraction system using an extraction column and a mixer-decanter. Based on the simulation results, the acetic acid extraction system with the addition of HEPES buffer using extraction column with the number of stages = 8 and solvent to feed mass ratio = 1.6 was the most optimal and efficient extraction process obtained in this study. This system has the capital cost of 180,729,262.67 USD with the percent recovery up to 99.83% and the mass fraction of acetic acid in the raffinate phase is 0.0002 which is also extremely low.
Removal of ammonia in raw water taken from Surabaya river using biofiltration process
Authors: Said N I , Widayat W , Yudo S , Kholiq M A , Setiyono
Published: January 2022

Research on the removal of ammonia in raw water taken from the Surabaya river has been carried out. The study was conducted by operating a biofilter pilot plant consisting of lamella type-sedimentation tanks and biofilter reactors filled with honeycomb type-plastic media. The results of the study showed that the biofilter process which consists of sedimentation tanks and biofilter reactors can reduce turbidity, ammonia, and nitrite inside raw water. Generally, the longer the retention time in the biofilter pilot plant is, the greater the efficiency is in eliminating turbidity, ammonia, and nitrite in the raw water. With the total retention time of 81 minutes in the biofilter test model, the efficiency of turbidity, ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite was 33.83%, 57.84%, 16.40%, and 59.41%, respectively. Based on the results of the research above, it was found that with the ammonia load of 1 until 5 gr/m3. Hours (24 until 120 gr/m3.day), it efficiently reduced the ammonia compounds by 30%-50%. In the chlorination process, chlorine compounds can react with ammonia compounds in the raw water, so by decreasing the concentration of ammonia, the consumption of chlorine will be reduced, resulting in lower production costs. With the reduced use of chlorine compounds, the potential formation of micropollutant compounds due to the chlorination process will also be reduced.
Economic analysis on the potential of palm oil empty fruit bunch pellets as alternative fuel to reduce the cost of the government’s 3 kg LPG subsidy and its role in achieving sustainable development goals
Authors: Dewanjaya L A , Yuliansyah A T , Suyono E A
Published: January 2022

Government subsidies related to 3 kg LPG per year are significant in the last three years if averaged up to IDR 50 trillion per year. Even though the number of users continue to increase, unfortunately, there are still many shortages of 3 kg LPG in areas outside Java; even in Java, there is still a scarcity. The Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources has issued Ministerial Decree No. 128 K / 70 / MEM / 2020 concerning the Task Force on Energy Security and Energy Utilization. In the second statement point, d stipulates the LPG Import Reduction Working Group. The purpose of this study is to calculate the economic value of the empty fruit bunch (EFB) pellet business as a recommendation to the government and the private sector. The method used is the calculation of NPV, MIRR, PBP, and ROI. In addition, ethical business and distribution models are used to deliver products to the end-user (customer) and guaranteed availability. Therefore, a breakthrough is needed to process empty fruit bunches (EFB) into industrial-scale solid fuel (pellets) that can replace 3 kg LPG, especially for poor people.
Study of domestic wastewater in oil and gas field: A case study in the Cangkring river, Tuban, East Java
Authors: Patimah A S , Prasetya A , Murti S H
Published: January 2022

Mudi Field, Tuban is an oil and gas producing area in East Java. Pad B Mudi Field is an office area for the oil and gas industry. The oil and gas industrial office area in Pad B Mudi Field produces domestic wastewater, which is channeled into the Cangkring River. Domestic wastewater flows directly into rivers. This study aims to determine the water quality of the Cangkring River region, which is mixed with domestic wastewater from Pad B Mudi Field. Samples of river water were taken at 3 points along with the river flow. Sample evaluation included physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Sample test results were adjusted according to domestic wastewater quality standards and water quality standards. Parameters tested include temperature, TSS, pH, BOD5, COD, ammonia (NH3), phosphate (PO4
3-), chromium, oils and fats, and total coliforms. The highest values of the three samples for each parameter were temperature of 20.8 °C, TSS of 13 mg/L, pH of 7.8, BOD5 of 6.53 mg/L, COD of 17.38 mg/L, ammonia (NH3) of 6.13 mg/L, phosphate (PO4
3-) of 1.15 mg/L, chromium of 0.01 mg/L, oils and fats of 1.6 mg/L, and total coliform of 2400/100 mL. The values of the three points of the Cangkring River water test results met all the parameters of the domestic wastewater quality standards. In testing water quality standards, Cangkring River water met all parameters of class 4 water quality standards, namely water quality that can be used to irrigate agriculture. So it can be concluded that the condition of the Cangkring River water is safe for the community but is not suitable for drinking water, recreational infrastructure, and aquaculture.
Utilization of gambier leaf extract (Uncaria gambier roxb) as antibacterial and natural dyes in making liquid bath soap with natrium lauryl ether sulfate
Authors: Nurhayati C , Susilawati N , Susanto T , Marthalia W , Nugroho A K
Published: January 2022

Research has been carried out on the liquid soap formulation of Gambier leaf extract (Uncaria gambierRoxb) from the by-product of the Gambier Industry with natrium lauryl ether sulfate as raw material. Gambier extract contains catechins and catechu tannic acids which have antibacterial, pharmacological, and other toxic properties. In addition, it contains tannins for natural dyes. The purpose of this research is to develop a liquid bath soap formulation with Gambier extract, which has high antibacterial properties using stable, safe, and comfortable natural dyes according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). This research went through several stages using 6 (six) variations of gambier extract waste as follows: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%. The quality testing of liquid soap used chemical and physical properties tests, including pH, viscosity, foam stability, total plate number, specific gravity, free alkaline, texture, color, and aroma, then compared to SNI 4085-2017 about the quality requirements for liquid bath soap. The results showed that the usage of by-products of the gambier production process, not only used as natural dyes, would also strengthen bacterial inhibition which was indicated by a decrease in the value of the Total Bacterial Plate Number. The more the gambier waste concentration, the more the red color and antiseptic indicated by decreasing of the total plate number. The best treatment in this study was A4 treatment (addition of 6% gambier waste) with pH value 8.8, viscosity 170.98 cP foam stability (t0=95.6mm, t5=77.1mm), total bacterial plate number 1.05 x 102colonies/g, specific gravity 1.0404 mg/L, free alkaline <0.008%, preferable hedonic (texture, color, and aroma).
Disinfection of wastewater with ultraviolet light on devices of the cyclic principle of action
Authors: Ovchinnikov A S , Bocharnikov V S , Bocharnikova O V , Pustovalov E V , Denisova M A , Repenko T V
Published: January 2022

The article presents a diagram of a device for ultraviolet disinfection of wastewater of a cyclic principle of action, which allows you to control the time of liquid processing and, accordingly, the dose of ultraviolet radiation. The device consists of the following structural elements: round-section body; ultraviolet lamps attached to the inner surface of the housing walls; inlet and outlet pipelines with shut-off and control valves; level gauge made in the form of a float. One cycle of operation of the device consists of filling the body, processing (disinfecting) the original liquid, and emptying the body. Control tests of this device were carried out in the process of purifying wastewater from a cattle breeding complex. During the tests of this device, it was revealed that the effluents treated with ultraviolet light with a generally accepted radiation dose of 30 mJ/cm2 do not meet the requirements of sanitary and hygienic standards, since the number of viable helminth eggs at the outlet is 54.2% of their initial value, and the effect of complete deworming can be achieved only at a dose of ultraviolet radiation of at least 45 mJ/cm2.
The use of wastes from the fat-and-oil industry in feeding calves in order to improve environmental safety
Authors: Yu Bryukhno O , Nikolaev S I , Yu Agapov S , Lipova E A , Agapova V N , Spiridonov D N
Published: January 2022

The present article provides the results of the commercial farm-based scientific trial conducted in calves up to six months of the age. In the rearing period of young animals, a promising technology would be the way, when premixes are included in the diet in the dairy period. The conducted study showed that the use of fat and oil industry waste as the basis for premixes helps to solve several problems, namely, to expand the ingredient list and provide alternative materials for farm animals, which allows to increase the protein level in animal diet, as well as to solve the problem of disposal the waste from the fat-and-oil industry. The experiment carried out on the Holstein dairy cows positively estimated the studied premix ZP61-2S. The results show that giving it to the calves had a beneficial effect on the digestibility of dry matter, which was better in the animals of the experimental group by 2.1% than in the control and amounted to 75.2%. Nitrogen utilization by animals in both control and experimental groups were not reduced, and the balance was positive. Thus, the ZP61-2S premix in the compound feed for young cattle increases the average daily gain of animals by 6.85%.
Eco-friendly ways to feed pigs without antibiotics
Authors: Komlatsky V I , Komlatsky G V , Mosolov A A , Struk A N , Spivak M E
Published: January 2022

The reduction in the use of feed antibiotics in animal husbandry to prevent a number of diseases and increase the productivity of pigs predetermined the need to search for alternative means in feeding that could be similar to antibiotics in terms of their effect on the pigs’ organism. In this regard, the widespread use of acidifiers based on organic acids. Due to the biological characteristics of pigs, piglets aged 28-30 days after weaning from sows produce an insufficient amount of hydrochloric acid in the body. The introduction of acidifiers helps to increase the digestibility of feed, and has an antimicrobial effect. A positive effect on the increase in live weight gain and the safety of piglets was shown by the results of the use of feed concentrate “Furor-T” for growing and fattening. This feed additive, obtained using a special technology from natural organic substances, is a mixture of fulvic and humic acids. The introduction of concentrate into feed in an amount of 5 to 20 g per 1 kg of feed in different periods of growth increases the average daily gain by 10-13% and ensures 100% safety of the livestock.
Improving the quality of broiler chicken meat without the use of antibiotics
Authors: Slozhenkina M I , Fedotova A M , Knyazhechenko O A , Fedotova G V , Mosolov A A , Frolova M V
Published: January 2022

The article presents impact study results of probiotic feed additives “Laktumin-1” and “Laktuvet-1” on growth, productive characteristics of broiler chickens of the “Cobb-500” cross and quality their meat. Study of meat quality and productivity of the chickens raised by technology without the use of antibiotics on the basis of experimental vivarium of Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-And-Milk Production was carried out in October 2020. The chickens were divided into three groups of one hundred chicks each and were raised up to 37 days of age. As a result of the studies, it was found that from the first ten-day periodof the experiment, broiler chickens receiving “Lactumin-1” and “Laktuvet-1” surpassed the analogs of the control group in live weight. In the experimental meat samples taken from their pectoral muscles, protein content was higher than in the control group.
Protein and prebiotic feed additives: influence on the quality indicators of rabbit meat
Authors: Zolotareva A G , Struk A N , Mosolov A A , Gorlov I F , Slozhenkina M I , Knyazhechenko O A
Published: January 2022

Feeding is one of the key factors affecting the growth and development of rabbits, as well as the quality of the meat obtained. The article discusses the possibility of joint use of additives in the form of a suspension of chlorella, which contains a large amount of protein and vitamins, as well as “Lactuvet”, which includes a powerful prebiotic lactulose. In the course of the study, the dynamics of the growth of animals was analyzed, an assessment of the hematological and biochemical parameters of blood, as well as the main physicochemical parameters of meat was carried out. As a result, it was concluded that the proposed additives have a positive effect on the weight gain of animals, as well as on the nutritional value of the resulting meat.
The kombucha infusion use prospects in as an environmentally friendly food product
Authors: Kleschevnikova V V , Zlepkina N A , Skorokhodov E A , Gorbunov A V , Avoyan I A , Chuchunov V A
Published: January 2022

The Medusomyces gisevi (combucha) culture has long been widely used by the population for food purposes, as well as a natural prophylactic and medicinal agent. The detoxification, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating, hypolipidemic properties etc. are among the proven properties of kombucha. Researches by a number of authors have proven a pronounced bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of kombucha metabolites against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. In this work we conducted research on the fish pickling technology on the basis of vinegar obtained from the cultural liquid of the kombucha. We studied the organoleptic and physicochemical indicators of the experimental pickled fish batches, according to the results of which it was noted that in the course of autoleptic changes when pickling by the proposed method, the proteins undergo a stronger denaturation.
Evaluation of quality indicators of fermented milk product based on sheep’s milk enriched with vegetable ingredients
Authors: Kolosov Y A , Shirokova N V , Chamurliev N G , Kolosova N N , Shperov A S , Vorontsova E S
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is a comprehensive assessment of the quality of yogurt enriched with vegetable ingredients. The object of research is a fermented milk product, the main ingredient of the formulation is sheep’s milk. The unique composition of sheep’s milk makes it a promising raw material for obtaining food products with high biological and nutritional value. Milk thistle meal, ground walnut and chokeberry syrup were selected as vegetable fortifiers for the yogurt under study. Experimental studies were conducted in the Don State Agrarian University. Traditional yogurt based on cow’s milk without fillers was selected as control samples. When analyzing the results of studies of the fatty acid composition of the samples of the fermented milk product, it was revealed that the prototype in terms of the content of some fatty acids exceeds the values of the control, due to the replacement of cow’s milk and the introduction of vegetable ingredients. The study assessed the quality indicators of yogurt samples, such as organoleptic, physico-chemical, biochemical and microbiological. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that it is advisable to enrich the fermented milk product with vegetable ingredients.
Cleaning of grain sowing material from weed seeds for the sustainable development of agriculture
Authors: Alekseev V V , Mitrukhin L K , Fadeev I V , Uspensky I A , Yukhin I A
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the optimization of cleaning grains and seeds of agricultural crops from weed seeds. The process of cleaning grain material by one-dimensional horizontal vibrations depends on the friction coefficients of the seeds against each other. It is optimized by selecting the amplitude and angle, relative to the vertical, under which the cylindrical container containing the grain mixture is located. Experiments were carried out with almost all types of seeds most widely used in the domestic agricultural industry. The cleaning process was investigated only at amplitudes smaller than the seed size. The seeds of cultivated plants and weeds move upward or downward, depending on the specific gravity. Calculations show that with correctly selected values of the amplitude and angle, the average trajectories of the grains are practically straight lines parallel to the generatrix of the cylinder containing the seeds. Studies have shown that the maximum cleaning speed is achieved under the condition that the angle of inclination of the cylindrical vessel is equal to the natural slope of the seeds with the highest specific gravity.
Intra-farm transportation of easily damaged agro food products for sustainable development of agricultures
Authors: Borychev S N , Uspensky I A , A Yukhin I , Golikov A A , Kosorukov D I
Published: January 2022

The article presents some aspects of the issue of damage to easily damaged agricultural products during intrafarm transportation, as well as the results of a patent and license review of the scientific and technical groundwork of the authors of the article in this research area. Based on the results new scientifically grounded technical solutions of devices for increasing the safety of agricultural products during transportation are proposed, in particular containers, to reduce the damage of products during their transportation by increasing the area of contact between fruits and the container, as well as reducing the space for free movement of products.
Improving the design of a root crop harvester in order to increase the sustainability of agriculture
Authors: Ulyanov M V , Skripkin D V , Kharlashin A V , Ulyanova A V , Ayugin N P , Sh Khalimov R
Published: January 2022

Cultivating agricultural crops assumes the use of mechanical means to accelerate the performance of technical operations in a reasonable agrotechnical amount of time. Vegetable growing is one of the industries where it is necessary to use modern automated and robotized machinery. Technologies and technical means have been considered which are used in enterprises engaged in cultivating tuberous roots at the moment and their disadvantages have been revealed. As a result, a technology of harvesting tuberous roots has been proposed, which is based on the use of the combine-harvester developed. The design solutions of the combine-harvester have been considered, which allow to solve the problem of the vegetable growers, and the technical process of harvesting tuberous roots has been described. The substantiation of a drum cutter bar has been presented and the coefficient of chaff feed to the transporter, the traction force of the conveyor motion and the power at the drive of the chain slatted conveyors have been determined. As a result of the researches carried out, it was determined that the use of the combine-harvester for tuberous roots shall allow to increase the level of mechanization and the productivity at enterprises, which are engaged in cultivating vegetable crops.
Reducing damage of melons and gourds during automated harvesting
Authors: Shaprov M N , Sedov A V , Sedova O P , Ulyanov M V , Gurba A V
Published: January 2022

Agricultural enterprises where harvesting is manual contribute significantly to the production of cucurbit crops in modern economic conditions. Their low automation level of harvesting is explained by the absence of modern highly productive machine-harvesters. The goal of the present study is to model the process, wherein cucurbit crops roll in on the floating skid of the guide of a pickup platform without being damaged. An analytical model was composed in order to model the process of interaction between the crops and the floating skid, which allowed to carry out the theoretical substantiation of the technical process. The study carried out resulted in modeling the technical process, wherein crops roll on the floating skid of the guide of a platform, as well as in a theoretical substantiation of the condition, at which the force of impact interaction between a crop and the floating skid must not exceed the ultimate pressure on a crop, which would result in its destruction. The value of this force depends above all on the strength properties and the size and weight characteristics of crops, as well as on the kinematic and structural parameters of the rolling-in device.
Ultra-short optical pulse generation in micro OLEDs and the perspective of lasing
Authors: Lenstra Daan , Fischer Alexis P A , Ouirimi Amani , Chime Alex Chamberlain , Loganathan Nixson , Chakaroun Mahmoud
Published: January 2022

We report experimental and theoretical investigations with an in-house fabricated tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline)‐aluminum (Alq3)-based high-speed micro-organic light-emitting diodes (μ-OLEDs) and demonstrate very promising optical pulse responses as short as 400 ps. With a model for an electrically pumped OLED, we simulate the emission of sub-nanosecond optical pulses. The model includes field-dependent (Poole-Frenkel) Langevin recombination and reabsorption of photons by singlets (Stokes-shifted), and by triplets (TA). The good agreement between the measurement and the simulation is the basis for further study of the prospects on the ps time scale, i.e. stimulated emission and conditions for laser operation. For an Alq3-based micro-OLED with high-Q optical cavity, we predict pulsed laser operation with damped relaxation oscillations in the GHz regime and several orders of magnitude linewidth narrowing, but only during 3 ns at most. The simulated current density threshold values vary from 10 kA cm−2 for Q= 500 to less than 1 kA cm−2 for Q = 1000. No continuous-wave (CW) lasing is found due to the accumulation of triplet excitons for t > 5 ns, which has two deteriorating effects, (a) suppression of the gain-providing singlet excitons due to singlet-triplet absorption and (b) suppression of the photon density due to photon absorption by triplets (TA). Prospects for CW-lasing with other organic molecules are discussed.
Synthesis of CuO/rGO nanocomposites for carcinogenic Congo red photodegradation
Authors: Dat Do Quang , Phuong Vo Thi Lan , Van Nang Lam , Van Toan Nguyen , Van Duy Nguyen , Duc Hoa Nguyen
Published: January 2022

Removal of carcinogenic Congo red from polluted water is challenging because of its chemical stability and inertness. Here, CuO microsphere assembled rGO nanosheets were successfully fabricated by a simple hydrothermal method for photocatalytic degradation of Congo red. The morphology and microstructure of the CuO/rGO nanocomposites were studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the produced CuO has a spherical flower like structure that crystallised in the monoclinic crystal phase with a diameter of about 5 μm, combined with thin rGO nanoplates. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the existence of chemical bonds and vibrational modes of both CuO and rGO. The effect of H2O2 content on the photocatalytic characteristics of as-prepared samples was investigated. The results showed that H2O2 played a key factor in the photocatalytic efficiency. The content of 1 ml H2O2 (30%) exhibited the highest photocatalytic efficiency toward Congo red dye degradation in CuO/rGO (50 mg) under UV light radiation, where it completely removed over 95% Congo red in 100 ml of solution (20 mg L−1) after 120 min of illumination.
Anisotropic exciton diffusion in atomically-thin semiconductors
Authors: Thompson Joshua J P , Brem Samuel , Verjans Marne , Schmidt Robert , Michaelis de Vasconcellos Steffen , Bratschitsch Rudolf , Malic Ermin
Published: January 2022

Energy transport processes are critical for the efficiency of many optoelectronic applications. The energy transport in technologically promising transition metal dichalcogenides is determined by exciton diffusion, which strongly depends on the underlying excitonic and phononic dispersion. Based on a fully microscopic theory we demonstrate that the valley-exchange interaction leads to an enhanced exciton diffusion due to the emergence of a linear excitonic dispersion and the resulting decreased exciton-phonon scattering. Interestingly, we find that the application of a uniaxial strain can drastically boost the diffusion speed and even give rise to a pronounced anisotropic diffusion, which persists up to room temperature. We reveal that this behaviour originates from the highly anisotropic exciton dispersion in the presence of strain, displaying parabolic and linear behaviour perpendicular and parallel to the strain direction, respectively. Our work demonstrates the possibility to control the speed and direction of exciton diffusion via strain and dielectric engineering. This opens avenues for more efficient and exotic optoelectronic applications of atomically thin materials.
Flexible and stretchable printed conducting polymer devices for electrodermal activity measurements
Authors: Hagler Jo’Elen , Kim ChiHyeong , Kateb Pierre , Yeu JeeYeon , Gagnon-Lafrenais Noémy , Gee Erin , Audry Sofian , Cicoira Fabio
Published: January 2022

Highly stretchable and flexible bioelectronics should form close contact with skin and tissues while being able to withstand the stresses and strains endured by the body in order to reliably monitor physiological signals over time. Here, we report highly stretchable poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene: polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) films printed on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrates. We established the stabilityof the device conductivity under high strains up to 600%. The printed PEDOT:PSS film enabled the fabrication of printed organic electrochemical transistors with an ON/OFF ratio of ∼450 on a flexible substrate. We also acquired physiological signals from measuring the skin conductance arising from changes in sweat volume by directly interfacing a printed PEDOT:PSS-based sensor on TPU with human skin. Stretchable printed PEDOT:PSS films on TPU provide a facile method of producing highly stable stretchable sensors for bioelectronic applications, enabled with simple and direct printing fabrication.
Intermittent structures and quasi-stationary equilibrium in a simple magnetized torus in open field line configuration
Authors: Alex Prince , Barni Ruggero , Roman Hector Eduardo , Riccardi Claudia
Published: January 2022

A steady regime dominated by intermittent blob and hole structures is identified in the plasma state of a simple magnetized torus by achieving a quasi-stationary equilibrium using an open magnetic field line configuration. The open helical field line configuration is characterized by a connection length,

L

c

=
2
a

B

φ

B

z

≳
1750

cm, and pitch ratio,

r

B

=

B

z

B

φ

≲
0.01
.

This is realized by superposing a vertical magnetic fied,

B

z

,

to the toroidal field,

B

φ

,

and the regime is achieved for

B

z

≤
0.4

mT. The combined effect of plasma rotation, arising from a substantial radial electric field, together with an open field line, results in vertically elongated plasma profile and an asymmetric sheared poloidal flow. The analysis shows the existence of density fluctuations exhibiting universal statistical properties, dominated by non-Gaussian blob events in the edge region and holes in the core plasma, separated by a region ascribed as blob birth zone corresponding to a velocity shear layer. Two-dimensional conditional averaging analyses of fluctuations indicate that blobs form in the sheared layer, when the leading edge of an elongated coherent structure breaks off by differential stretching exerted by the background fluctuating field. Convection of this isolated blob out of the contour corresponding to the maximum radial electric field in the low field side, leads to its ejection while holes move along the same contour driven back into the main plasma. The corresponding potential structure shows counter-rotating

E
×
B

velocity field within oppositely charged structures, where the embedded electric field is consistent with the observed structure propagation. A comparison with cross-correlation analysis yields a similar conclusion except for a slight overestimation of the structure size and lifetime.