bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVNLP: A Multisource COVID-19 Dataset for Natural Language Processing
Authors: Adekanmbi Olubayo , Oyewusi Wuraola , Warrie Warrie , Odukoy Adedayo , Olawale Abimbola , Osakuade Opeyemi , Salami Mary
Published: February 2024

In this work, we propose COVNLP, a novel dataset for natural language processing tasks. The openly available dataset consists of 3,199 de-identified peer-to-peer messages shared across different channels like Whatsapp, SMS and Social media channels from volunteers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. The messages were labelled by both participants at submission and independent data annotators after submission under three (3) major themes; message genuity, type and impact. We discovered that the most trusted source of information for the participants during the COVID-19 pandemic were international stations, social media and websites. 31.20% of the messages received by volunteers were labelled to have psychological effects such as emotional disturbance, depression, stress, mood alterations. The dataset is available here as part of our experimentation, we developed a basic machine learning model to classify the messages into misinformation, disinformation and rumour classes based. The best performing algorithm was Logistic Regression with count vectorizer with Area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.813 compared to Naive Bayes Classifier (0.716 ) and Random Forest Classifier(0.710).
Performance Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms Clinical Diagnoses of the Risk of Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA)
Authors: Catherine Olayemi O. , Olayemi Olasehinde O. , Dayo Alowolodu O.
Published: February 2024

Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is a deteriorating sickness that affects human knee joints leading to impaired quality of life with no curative treatments. Early detection of Knee Osteoarthritis will ensure its proper management, prevent cartilage damage and slow down its progression. Machine Learning (ML) techniques have been used to learn and discover useful patterns from patient datasets to diagnose diseases and infections. This study models five diagnostic models using a dataset of patient information from the Federal Medical Centre, Ido-Ekiti, located in the South-Western part of Nigerian. The result from the study showed a diagnostic accuracy that ranges from 82.79% to 87.93% among the five diagnoses models. The evaluation of the models with the OAI dataset showed an improved diagnostic accuracy compared to existing similar research in the literature.
Nonreciprocal superconducting transport and the spin Hall effect in gyrotropic structures
Authors: Kokkeler Tim , Tokatly Ilya , Bergeret F. Sebastian
Published: February 2024

The search for superconducting systems exhibiting nonreciprocal transport and, specifically, the diode effect, has proliferated in recent years. This trend has encompassed a wide variety of systems, including planar hybrid structures, asymmetric SQUIDs, and certain noncentrosymmetric superconductors. A common feature of such systems is a gyrotropic symmetry, realized on different scales and characterized by a polar vector. Alongside time-reversal symmetry breaking, the presence of a polar axis allows for magnetoelectric effects, which, when combined with proximity-induced superconductivity, results in spontaneous non-dissipative currents that underpin the superconducting diode effect. With this symmetry established, we present a comprehensive theoretical study of transport in a lateral Josephson junction composed of a normal metal supporting the spin Hall effect, and attached to a ferromagnetic insulator. Due to the presence of the latter, magnetoelectric effects arise without requiring external magnetic fields. We determine the dependence of the anomalous currents on the spin relaxation length and the transport parameters commonly used in spintronics to characterize the interface between the metal and the ferromagnetic insulator. Therefore, our theory naturally unifies nonreciprocal transport in superconducting systems with classical spintronic effects, such as the spin Hall effect, spin galvanic effect, and spin Hall magnetoresistance. We propose an experiment involving measurements of magnetoresistance in the normal state and nonreciprocal transport in the superconducting state. Such experiment would, on the one hand, allow for determining the parameters of the model and thus verifying with a greater precision the theories of magnetoelectric effects in normal systems. On the other hand, it would contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying microscopic origins that determine these parameters.
Leveraging influencer marketing for banks: An empirical study on young consumers in Vietnam
Authors: Minh Sang Nguyen
Published: February 2024

This study examines the role of influencer marketing for banks in Vietnam with the objective of reaching to the demographic of young customers between the ages of 18 and 35. A quantitative methodology was utilized in this study, which involved the distribution of an online survey to a total of 732 young banking consumers in Vietnam. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicated significant positive indirect effects on the intention to use influencer marketing in relation to influencer credibility, trustworthiness, expertise, friendliness, similarity, and attractiveness. The impacts mentioned were mediated by the individual’s attitude toward the influencer. Favorable attitudes toward an influencer boosted respondents’ intention to use endorsed banking products/services. Similarly, positive attitudes toward influencers directly increased usage intentions. The results offer innovative empirical proof that partnering with influencers on social media can serve as a successful marketing tactic for banks to positively impact the acceptance of their services among young consumers in Vietnam’s digital landscape. The study provides practical recommendations for banks to effectively identify and collaborate with influencers who have the strongest appeal to youth target audiences.
AcknowledgmentI would like to express my gratitude to those of you who took part in the survey and to the Ho Chi Minh University of Banking for their assistance in enabling me to finish my research.
Risk factors for the presence of antibody against anaplasma spp. In dogs in Poznan.
Authors: WŁODAREK JAN , SELL-KUBIAK EWA , NOWAK TOMASZ , RYBSKA MARTA
Published: February 2024

The aim of the study was to identify the incidence of antibodies against Anaplasma spp. in dogs living in Poznań. Canine anaplasmosis is a tick-borne dog disease caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum or A. platys infection. To identify the prevalence of antibodies against Anaplasma spp. in dogs, we analyzed blood samples collected from 349 client-owned dogs living in Poznań (Poland). Using an immunochromatographic rapid test (Caniv-4, VetExpert, Poland), antibodies against Anaplasma spp. were detected in 32 (9.2%) dogs aged over two years. Sex, hair length, and location (region of Poznań) were not identified as statistically significant risk factors for the presence of antibodies against Anaplasma spp. The odds ratio for antibodies against Anaplasma spp. in large breed dogs vs small breed dogs was 3.76. The results of the study suggest a growing presence of Anaplasma spp. in dogs living in big cities in Poland.
Distinct and combined impacts of future climate and land use change on the flow of river Rwizi in Uganda, East Africa
Authors: Sempewo Jotham Ivan , Kyeyune Joseph , Nyenje Philip M. , Nkwasa Albert , Mugume Seith N. , Tsegaye Seneshaw , Eckart Jochen
Published: February 2024

Although many studies have assessed the singular impacts of future land use and climate change on river hydrology, few studies have investigated the distinct and combined impacts of land use and climate change on river flows particularly in developing countries faced with a challenge of limited data. This study addressed the aforementioned gap and applied the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and an ensemble of six CORDEX Regional Climate Models under the moderate (RCP4.5) and high (RCP8.5) emission scenarios in the river Rwizi catchment area in western Uganda for the period 2021–2050. The isolated impacts of land use change and the combined impacts showed an increase in future total annual river flows. However, the isolated impacts of climate change showed a reduction in future total annual flow. The influence of land use changes on total annual runoff was more dominant than that of climate change. The results show that climate change is the dominant factor impacting future high-flow quantiles while future annual flow and extreme low-flow variations were attributed mainly to land use changes. These findings point to the need to plan and implement prudent land use and water resource management practices to mitigate associated risks.
An integrated geospatial and analytical hierarchy process approach for sustainable water management in the Amravati District, India
Authors: Kathe Pranali , Tripathi Gaurav , Diwate Pranaya , Kanga Shruti , Singh Suraj Kumar , Chand Kesar , Kumar Pankaj , Meraj Gowhar
Published: February 2024

Groundwater is crucial for agriculture, domestic use, and industry. This study represents groundwater potential zones in the Amravati district, Maharashtra, India, using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and multi-influencing factor (MIF) techniques. These techniques are employed for a detailed spatial analysis, which is essential for sustainable groundwater management. The study integrates data layers including lithology, geomorphology, land use/land cover, drainage density, lineament density, rainfall, soil, elevation, and slope to evaluate the groundwater potential. The resulting groundwater potential map classifies the area into five categories: poor, fair, moderate, good, and excellent based on groundwater availability. The study reveals that 9% of the area has poor groundwater potential, 37% fair, 28% moderate, 13% good, and 13% excellent. This map is instrumental for stakeholders and policymakers, as it aids in resource allocation and the formulation of sustainable groundwater management strategies. Through the application of AHP and MIF techniques, this study effectively maps the groundwater potential, providing an essential tool for evidence-based decision-making for water resource management in the Amravati district.
MiRNAs as Promising Therapeutic Targets for Breast Cancer
Authors: Fakhry Morkoss , Abdel-Hamed Asmaa R. , Mesbah Noha M. , Abo-Elmatty Dina M. , Sayed-Ahmed Mohamed M. , Osman Abdel-Moneim M. , Ahmed Ola S.
Published: February 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of cancer-related death and is the malignancy most frequently diagnosed in females worldwide. BC incidence is predicted to continue increasing worldwide. Without interventions, annual new cases will reach over 3 million by 2030. Genetic abnormalities account for almost 70% of all BC cases worldwide. Biological pathways implicated include non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). MiRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that play a role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They can function as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes, and their role depends on the specific miRNA and target genes affected. The research on miRNA-based cancer treatments has yielded promising results. Depending on recent data, the goal of this review was to summarize the mechanisms that explain the role of some miRNAs in BC pathogenesis and drug resistance. However, highlighting the areas needing further exploration and more research is required before using microRNAs in clinical settings.
How College Students Used Information From Institutions of Higher Education in the United States During COVID-19: Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Peprah Emmanuel , Amesimeku Etornam , Angulo Brian , Chhetri Himani , Fordjuoh Judy , Ruan Christina , Wang Cong , Patena John , Vieira Dorice , Ryan Nessa , Iloegbu Chukwuemeka , Gyamfi Joyce , Odumegwu Jonathan
Published: February 2024

Background

The start of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions by US institutions of higher education at an unprecedented level. During the backdrop of an emerging pandemic, younger adults (eg, college students) had an overall lower risk for severe outcomes for SARS-CoV-2, making this population a potential source of transmission for age groups with high susceptibility and negative health outcomes. We examine how college students’ level of concern for COVID-19 was influenced by different sources of information, their living status, income level, and other demographic identifiers and its association with prevention behavior change.

Objective

We sought to examine the level of concern, defined as the extent to which the participant would take corrective action to mitigate contracting or spreading the virus (to family or friends) by using personal protective equipment such as a face mask, practicing social distancing, and following other public health recommendations, among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted in 2021 among 185 college students aged 18-41 years, with most living in New York City and the United States (n=134, 72.4%). Out of 185 college students, 94 provided their zip codes, with 51 of those college students indicating they lived in New York City areas. The participants completed the survey via a QR code. Study participants who did not complete the full survey or were not college students in any US college or university were excluded. Analyses were conducted using R (version 4.2.2; R Foundation for Statistical Computing).

Results

Of 185 respondents participated in the study, 25 (13.5.%) used emails from their schools, 51 (27.6%) used mainstream media, and 109 (58.9%) used social media and other sources to obtain information about COVID-19. Of the 109 participants who learned about the pandemic from social media, 91 (83.5%) were concerned; however, only 63% (32/51) and 60% (15/25) of the participants who sourced information from mainstream media and their schools’ email, respectively, were concerned. Further, the participants who received information from social media and other sources were about 3 times more likely to be concerned about COVID-19 than participants who received information from the university via email (P=.036; OR=3.07, 95% CI: 1.06-8.83)..

Conclusions

College students who received information from social media and other sources were more likely to be concerned about COVID-19 than students who received information from their school via emails.
Proses Adaptasi Komunitas Wisata untuk Mencapai Ketahanan di Kampung Wisata Rejowinangun Yogyakarta Selama Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Asyila Safira
Published: February 2024

The social and economic aspects of Rejowinangun Tourism Village, which comprises five tourism clusters, were significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study seeks to comprehend how the tourism community in Rejowinangun Tourism Village reacted to the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the issues mentioned above. Conducting this research is crucial to identifying the determinants of tourism resilience in tourist villages amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employs a qualitative descriptive methodology. The data collection procedure comprised a literature review, semi-structured interviews, and field observations. The tourism industry reacted to the COVID-19 pandemic by implementing human resource capacity-building initiatives, demonstrating adherence to health protocols, and implementing digitization innovations. In addition to the tourism village community comprising the community and the tourism cluster, the government plays a significant role in shaping the tourism community's resilience in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Reduced Chemical Kinetic Models of DME Based on Variance Filtering Method
Authors: Xia Xiaoqiao
Published: February 2024

Based on the variance value of each species concentration during the combustion process, a new chemical mechanism reduction method is proposed. The data sets which are the molar concentration of each species are generated based on numerical results of zero-dimensional homogeneous ignition process using detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms under various operating conditions. By calculating and analyzing the variance value of each species concentration during the combustion process to determine the contribution of each species to the combustion process, and by selecting a suitable threshold value to determine whether the species and elementary reactions are removed or not. The skeletal mechanisms of DME generated by using the present VFM method are compared to those generated by the path flux analysis (PFA) method and the detailed mechanism. The comparisons of the temperature and the concentration of important species showed that with either the same or significantly smaller number of species, the skeletal mechanisms generated by the present VFM method are more accurate than that of PFA in a broad range of initial pressures, temperatures and equivalence ratios. In addition, the reduction speed of VFM is one orders of magnitude faster than that of PFA.
Design Analysis of an IoT based Early Flood Detection and Alerting System
Authors: Obinna Okeke Remigius , Mathew Ehikhamenle
Published: February 2024

This study aims to develop and implement an Internet of Things (IoT) based early flood detection system that utilizes weather API parameters to trigger SMS alerts. The system employs an ESP32 microcontroller, integrated with sensing circuitry to measure water levels, and a GSM module responsible for sending timely SMS alerts to both residents and emergency response units in the event of critical flooding. Additionally, the system incorporates a liquid crystal display (LCD) to indicate the current system status and provide real-time weather parameter readings from the digital temperature and humidity module 11 (DHT11). To facilitate efficient monitoring and data access, the system is integrated with the Blynk mobile app, which offers unrestricted access to real-time water level and weather parameter data for both the controller chief and the forecasting unit.
Comprehensive Survey on Disease Detection in Retinal Imaging through Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Deore Nikhil , Inamdar Vedant , Nimkar Anurag , Jagdale Gaurav , Kolambe Prof. Nikita
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Millions of people around the world suffer from visual impairment and blindness that could have been prevented or diagnosed earlier. To tackle this issue, we’ve introduced a groundbreaking approach to detect multiple eye diseases using retinal imaging. Our study involves a unique combination of various advanced deep learning models through ensemble learning.We present a detailed examination of deep learning models in the context of multi-disease classification using the Retinal Fundus MultiDisease Image Dataset (RFMiD). The objective is to assess the performance of these models and identify the most effective one for accurate and reliable disease diagnosis.We begin by preprocessing the RFMiD dataset to enhance image quality and extract relevant features, ensuring a robust input for our models. Subsequently, each model undergoes a comprehensive training and finetuning process to optimize its parameters for disease classification. The evaluation metrics include accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, providing a comprehensive understanding of model performance.We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each model, shedding light on factors influencing their performance. The insights gained from this comparative analysis can guide researchers and practitioners in selecting an appropriate model for retinal disease diagnosis based on specific requirements and constraints.In addition, we explore potential avenues for future research, including ensemble methods and hybrid architectures, to further improve classification accuracy. The paper includes discussion on the practical implications of our findings and their significance in advancing the field of medical image analysis, particularly in the context of retinal disease diagnosis.
Information Technology Security and Privacy Protection in Vehicular Networks (VANETs)
Authors: Hiremath Madhu N , B Rahima
Published: February 2024

Abstract: As Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) become more sophisticated, the importance of integrating data protection and IT Security is increasingly evident. This paper offers a comprehensive investigation into the challenges and solutions associated with the privacy implications within VANETs, rooted in an intricate landscape of cross-jurisdictional data protection regulations. Our examination underscores the unique nature of VANETs, which, unlike other ad-hoc networks, demand heightened security and privacy considerations due to their exposure to sensitive data such as vehicle identifiers, routes, and more. Through a rigorous exploration of pseudonymization schemes, with a notable emphasis on the Density-based Location Privacy (DLP) method, we elucidate the potential to mitigate and sometimes sidestep the heavy compliance burdens associated with data protection laws. Furthermore, this paper illuminates the IT Security vulnerabilities inherent to VANETs, proposing robust countermeasures, including secure data transmission protocols. In synthesizing our findings, we advocate for the proactive adoption of protective mechanisms to facilitate the broader acceptance of VANET technology while concurrently addressing regulatory and IT Security hurdles.
Analytical Approximate Solution of a Coupled Two Frequency Hill\'s Equation
Authors: Dongari Namratha , Kansal Anuranjan , Saxena Varun
Published: February 2024

Abstract: A coupled two frequency Hill's equation is solved. Analytically approximate solution correct up-to first order is derived using modified Lindstedt-Poincare perturbation method. For a wide range of controlling parameters, we compare the numerical and analytical solutions. The solution is the first step towards developing a comprehensive understanding of the electrodynamics of charged particles in a combinational ion trap utilizing both electrostatic DC and RF fields along with a constant static magnetic field with prospects of confining antimatter such as anti-hydrogen for a reasonably long durations of time.
A Review on Buildings having Telecommunication Tower at Roof
Authors: Katare Shantilal
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Strong towers are relied upon for effective communication, as they have been used worldwide. Telephonic communication is dependent on this, as it is the sole means to connect different networks. They can be installed above structures and on the ground, but critical communication breakdowns can be caused by the failure of such structures during hazardous conditions. In this study, different reviews based on telecommunication towers installed on tall buildings worldwide has given in this paper. Typically, four-legged towers are used for ensuring good communication and for transferring the load. Different reviews are based on tower analysis alone and focus on the response of the host structure on which the tower rests. Valuable insights and conclusions are provided by this literature review to identify the problems associated with the placement of telecommunication towers over buildings and the locations where they need to be placed. From this study, it is to be noted that previous studies were based on the location that was optimal for the host structure, but the worst-case scenario of tower placement was not used till date if it was necessary to provide it at that location. As a result, the conclusive outcome is known to aim at providing technical insights and recommendations for future research in this area
Enhancing Seismic Performance of Semi-Commercial Apartment having Telecommunication Tower at Roof
Authors: Katare Shantilal
Published: February 2024

Abstract: When studying the impact of seismic activities on a structure, we focused on the efficient case and didn't consider the worst-case scenario. If a telecommunication tower is planned on a multistoried building in the future, and the tower is in the worst possible location, certain measures need to be taken to stabilize it and adjust the parametric values. In this research, we analyzed a total of 5 semi-commercial apartment building cases with G+19 floors, each having different telecommunication tower locations. After the analysis, we identified the worst case and implemented an outrigger system, as discussed in the graphical representations in the discussion section. In conclusion, we compared parametric results and observed that Case TTD is very efficient, while Case TTA is the worst among all the cases. We also improved the stability of the worst-case TTA and transformed it into Case TTO through the implementation of the outrigger system, as indicated by our results and discussions.
Teoria do direito em debate
Authors: Fadel Anna Laura Maneschy
Published: February 2024

Trata-se de um livro que busca problematizar uma visão tradicional da Teoria do Direito, possibilitando uma visão com perspectiva de gênero dessa disciplina. Para tanto, o livro se divide em quatro capítulos que discutem uma nova visão do ensino jurídico e igualmente direciona uma crítica ao pensamento hartiano.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BERHITUNG MENGGUNAKAN METODE JARIMATIKA PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IV SDK 051 WAIGETE
Authors: Yani Yustina , Dhema Magdalena Dhema , Anomeisa Agnesia B.
Published: February 2024

This study aims to improve the ability to calculate multiplication operations using the Jarimatika method for fourth-grade students at SDK 051 Waigete. The variable that is the target of change in the research is the increase in numeracy skills using the Jarimatika method in the multiplication operation material, the action research used is the Jarimatika method. The research method is classroom action research which is carried out in two cycles, namely, cycle I and cycle II. The subject of the study was directed to all fourth-grade students with a total of 23 students. Data collection techniques were tests and observations. The data analysis technique used was the descriptive data analysis technique.From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the ability to count using the Jarimatika method in the multiplication operation material for fourth-grade students at SDK 051 Waigete is in the highly improved category. In the initial conditions before taking the action, the average value of students who passed was 61.30 and the percentage who passed was 30.43%, the first cycle the average value of students who passed was 61.86 and the pass percentage was 47.82%. and the second cycle average value obtained by students who passed was 92.13 and the percentage value that passed was 91.30%. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of the Jarimatika method can improve the arithmetic ability of multiplication operations in fourth-grade students at SDK 051 Waigete.
Aprendizaje de las matemáticas en tiempos del covid-19: Una mirada de la percepción de estudiantes de una Institución de Educación Superior en Barranquilla-Colombia
Authors: Padilla Escorcia Iván André , González Tinocco Nohemy Esther , Consuegra Pacheco Salomón David
Published: February 2024

La contingencia ocasionada por el virus COVID -19, ocasionó que los centros educativos se vieran obligadas a cambiar sus modalidades de enseñanza, el principal cambio radicó en que los estudiantes debían recibir sus clases desde su casa, así como los profesores utilizar las mediaciones tecnológicas para llevar a cabo el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En ese orden, el uso de recursos tecnológicos durante las clases se hizo notorio. Por tal motivo, esta investigación se centró en caracterizar las percepciones de los estudiantes de una Institución de Educación Superior acerca de la enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas en tiempos de la Covid-19 durante el año 2020. La investigación se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cualitativo y un diseño descriptivo, en el que se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructurada y cuestionarios a 84 estudiantes de una institución de educación superior de diversos ciclos: técnico, tecnólogo y universitario de las carreras de Ingeniería y que cursaron asignaturas como: Estadística, Álgebra y Trigonometría y Cálculo en tiempos de pandemia. Se encontró como principal hallazgo que los estudiantes percibieron un buen ambiente en el aprendizaje de las asignaturas, debido a que sus profesores hicieron uso de recursos tecnológicos con fines de enseñanza. Se concluyó que el conocimiento tecnológico y conocimiento pedagógico tecnológico del profesor es clave para la enseñanza de las matemáticas en tiempos de pandemia, y que esto repercute en la motivación con la que los estudiantes reciben las clases a diario.
Estrategia pedagógica ambiental sobre la relación consumo-contaminación por causa del incremento de nacimientos en madres adolescentes. Estudio de caso en una Institución Educativa de la Ciudad de Cali.
Authors: TORRES RAMÍREZ PAOLA ANDREA , REIRE TIGREROS MARÍA EUFEMIA F , Gutiérrez Salazar César Augusto
Published: February 2024

La investigación que se plantea a continuación tuvo por objetivo determinar a través de una estrategia pedagógica la relación que existe entre la problemática ambiental y el crecimiento poblacional generado por los nacimientos en madres adolescentes. Se realizó con estudiantes de los grados de 9° y 10° de Bachillerato del Colegio Manuel María Mallarino de Santiago de Cali, bajo una investigación cualitativa descriptiva, tipo estudio de caso; con lo que se pudo desarrollar una capacitación transversal entre educación sexual y ambiental. Para este estudio, se plantearon acciones específicas como a) Registro de los embarazos en adolescentes en los últimos 10 años a nivel nacional, b) Revisión bibliográfica sobre fuentes relacionadas con el estudio del acelerado crecimiento poblacional y las implicaciones ambientales de este fenómeno, c) Propuesta educativa transversal entre educación ambiental y educación sexual, que generó una perspectiva que se evaluó con una encuesta escala Likert, el nivel de comprensión de las temáticas tratadas, cuyo resultado muestra que el 93% de los participantes, logran comprender la relación, causa y efecto que se genera de los nacimientos en madres adolescentes y las implicaciones que esto conlleva en el medio ambiente.
Internal tide variability off Central California: multiple sources, seasonality, and eddying background
Authors: Cai Tongxin , Zhao Zhongxiang , D'Asaro Eric A , Wang Jinbo , Fu Lee-Lueng
Published: February 2024

Two moorings deployed for 75 days in 2019 and long-term satellite
altimetry data reveal a spatially complex and temporally variable
internal tidal field at the SWOT Cal/Val site off central California due
to the interference of multiple seasonally-variable sources. Coherent
tides account for $\sim$45\% of the
potential energy. The south mooring exhibits more energetic semidiurnal
tides, while the north mooring displays stronger mode-1 M$_2$ with an
amplitude of $\sim$5.1 mm. These findings from in situ
observations align with the analysis of 27-year altimetry data. The
altimetry results indicate that the complex internal tidal field is
attributed to multiple sources. Mode-1 tides primarily originate from
the Mendocino Ridge and the
36.5\textendash37.5$^\circ$N
California continental slope, while mode-2 tides are generated by local
seamounts and Monterey Bay. The generation and propagation of these
tides are influenced by mesoscale eddies and seasonal stratification.
Seasonality is evident for mode-1 waves from three directions. Southward
components from the Mendocino Ridge consistently play a dominant role
($\sim$268 MW) yearlong. We observed the strongest
eastward waves during the fall and spring seasons, generated remotely
from the Hawaiian Ridge. Westward waves from the
36.5\textendash37.5$^\circ$N
California continental slope are weakest during summer, while those from
the Southern California Bight are weakest during spring. The highest
variability of energy flux is found in the westward waves
($\pm 22\%$), while the lowest is in
the southward waves ($\pm 13\%$). These
findings emphasize the importance of incorporating the seasonality and
spatial variability of internal tides for the SWOT internal tidal
correction.
Mechanistic Links Between Climatic Forcing and Model-based Plankton Dynamics in the Strait of Georgia, Canada
Authors: Suchy Karyn D. , Allen Susan E. , Olson Elise Marie Black
Published: February 2024

Large scale climate indices such as the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation
(NPGO) have been linked to variability in both phytoplankton and
zooplankton, yet the mechanisms by which they are linked remain unknown.
We used a three-dimensional coupled biophysical model, SalishSeaCast, to
determine the mechanistic links between the NPGO and plankton dynamics
in the Strait of Georgia, Canada. First, we compared bottom-up processes
during NPGO positive (cold-phase) and negative (warm-phase) years. Then,
we conducted a series of model experiments to determine the effects of
the NPGO on local physical drivers by switching individual parameters
between a typical warm and cold year. The model showed that higher SST
and weaker winds contributed to an earlier increase in spring diatom
biomass during warm-phase years. Due to the conditions set up during the
spring, warm-phase years exhibited lower overall summer diatom biomass
and an earlier shift to nanoflagellate-dominance compared to cold-phase
years. Our systematic model experiments revealed that variability in
wind-driven resupply of nutrients to the surface waters during the
summer had the most significant impact on diatom biomass, and ultimately
on the food available to zooplankton grazers. The Z1 and Z2 model
classes grazed on a higher proportion of nanoflagellates during the
summer of warm-phase years, suggestive of a poorer quality diet consumed
during warm years. Results from this study are relevant in the context
of other climate signals (e.g., El Niño) favouring weaker winds or
increased stratification, which would limit the amount of nutrients
being replenished to the surface waters.
Vertically propagating seiches and standing modes preclusion in a steep-bottom tropical reservoir
Authors: Posada-Bedoya Andres , Giraldo Andrés Gómez , Roman-Botero Ricardo
Published: February 2024

This work investigates observations of gradual upward phase shifting of
temperature oscillations in a steep tropical reservoir, which differ
from the π radians sharp shifts that are usually accepted for the
description of baroclinic motions in terms of normal modes. Supported on
numerical modeling and theoretical inviscid wave ray tracing, we show
that the gradual upward phase shifting is the signature of vertically
propagating seiches, which refer to basin-scale oscillations that are
stationary in the horizontal but propagate downwards in the vertical. We
show that the vertically propagating seiche occurs due to the
predominant supercritical reflection of the internal wave rays at the
lake boundaries, which focuses the internal wave energy downwards with a
minor fraction of the energy reflected upwards, resulting in a net
downward energy propagation. The net downward energy flux precludes the
formation of standing waves, with potential implications for the common
framework of the energy flux path at the interior of stratified lakes.
The analysis supports that vertically propagating seiches and standing
mode preclusion are expected to occur in any given lake, but their
signatures are more evident in steep sided lakes, with a wide
metalimnion and/or for lower forcing frequencies, characteristic of
higher order vertical modes.
Gulf Stream Moisture Fluxes Impact Atmospheric Blocks Throughout the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Mathews Jamie , Czaja Arnaud , Vitart Frederic , Roberts Christopher David
Published: February 2024

In this study, we explore the impact of oceanic moisture fluxes on
atmospheric blocks using the ECMWF Integrated Forecast System.
Artificially suppressing surface latent heat flux over the Gulf Stream
region leads to a significant reduction (up to 30%) in atmospheric
blocking frequency across the northern hemisphere. Affected blocks show
a shorter lifespan (-6%), smaller spatial extent (-12%), and reduced
intensity (-0.4%), with an increased detection rate (+17%). These
findings are robust across various blocking detection thresholds.
Analysis indicates a resolution-dependent response, with resolutions
lower than Tco639 (~18km) showing no significant change
in some blocking characteristics, even with reduced blocking frequency.
Exploring the broader Rossby wave pattern, we observe that diminished
moisture flux favours eastward propagation and higher zonal wavenumbers,
while air-sea interactions promotes stationary and westward-propagating
waves with zonal wavenumber 3. This study underscores the critical role
of western boundary current’s moisture fluxes in modulating atmospheric
blocking.
Zasoby i wykorzystanie siły roboczej w gospodarstwach korzystających z kredytu dla "młodych rolników"
Authors: Mańko Stanisław
Published: February 2024

Głównym celem badań jest analiza zasobów pracy i poziomu ich wykorzystania oraz zbadanie produktywności ekonomicznej pracy w gospodarstwach rolnych prowadzących rachunkowość rolną. Wyniki badania wskazują, że wykorzystanie pracy rodziny zależy w dużej mierze od jej rezerw. Jednak w przypadku znacznych rodzinnych zasobów pracy, nawet w gospodarstwach relatywnie dużych, nie jest możliwe zapewnienie pełnego samozatrudnienia w gospodarstwie. Potencjalna nadwyżka siły roboczej w takich gospodarstwach stanowi aż połowę ogólnej liczby osób w wieku produkcyjnym. Ponadto z ustaleń wynika, że zarówno wyniki produkcyjne, jak i osiągane dochody są skorelowane z zasobami pracy i wielkością ekonomiczną gospodarstw.
Restructure of Quantum Mechanics by Duality, the Extensive Quantum Theory and Applications
Authors: YF Chang
Published: February 2024

Reconstructing quantum mechanics has been an exploratory direction for physicists. Based on logical structure and basic principles of quantum mechanics, we propose a new method on reconstruction quantum mechanics completely by the waveparticle duality. This is divided into two steps: First, from wave form and duality we obtain the extensive quantum theory, which has the same quantum formulations only with different quantum constants H; then microscopic phenomena determine H=h. Further, we derive the corresponding commutation relation, the uncertainty principle and Heisenberg equation, etc. Then we research potential and interactions in special relativity and general relativity. Finally, various applications and developments, and some basic questions are discussed.
Review on Pharmaceutical Gelling Agents
Authors: AR Nannar
Published: February 2024

Topical gels are semisolid solutions with a liquid phase contained inside a three-dimensional polymeric matrix composed of gum, which can be synthetic or natural and has a high degree of cross-linking, either chemically or physically. Topical gels' behaviour in the midst of liquid and solid components makes them a great option for a variety of applications. Topical gels have garnered a lot of attention recently since scientists in industry, research and development, education, drug control administration, and professional domains are interested in this issue. The purpose of this page is to go over the classification and preparation methods for topical gels, as well as their most recent advancements. A separate section covers the application of hydrogel in drug delivery systems. Classification, preparation methodology, and assessment criteria receive special attention.
Galileu Galilei e a peste bubônica: desenvolvimento científico em tempos de reclusão
Authors: Gaudêncio Jéssica da Silva
Published: February 2024

A história de grandes cientistas foi marcada pelo acontecimento da peste bubônica, um grande entrave repentino em um período de intenso desenvolvimento científico. Atualmente enfrentamos a pandemia do novo coronavírus, que revolucionou a nossa forma de trabalhar e fazer pesquisa, fazendo com que tivéssemos a possibilidade de produzir de forma isolada e remota. A partir deste contexto, o artigo reúne passagens históricas sobre um outro período de isolamento e contemplação silenciosa dentro de um modelo de fazer ciência em tempos de crise, o caso do matemático, astrônomo e físico Galileu Galilei (1564 – 1642). Suas descobertas ocorreram durante o enfrentamento da peste bubônica, com uma forte epidemia que acometeu Florença entre os anos de 1630 e 1633, período que representa os mais importantes e turbulentos anos da vida de Galileu.
Evolução de Grandes Ideias em Química
Authors: Rodrigues Sérgio Paulo Jorge
Published: February 2024

Faz-se uma revisão breve da evolução de alguns conceitos e ideias fundamentais em Química, nomeadamente os que são relativos aos elementos químicos e átomos, moléculas e iões e compostos, geometria molecular, estrutura eletrônica, e ligação química, interações e reações químicas que desembocam no conceito de “Grandes Ideias” em Química. É apresentada uma lista simplificada de “Grandes Ideias” comum às propostas analisadas e baseada na evolução histórica dos conceitos em Química.
Uma República de cientistas na Era Vargas: A atuação científica e política de Carlos Estêvão de Oliveira (1930-1945).
Authors: Guimarães Leal Diego Rodrigo
Published: February 2024

Diego Rodrigo Guimarães Leal
Resumo
O presente artigo situa-se no campo da História das Ciências e se propõe analisar a trajetória de Carlos Estêvão de Oliveira no aparelho estatal da Era Vargas após a Revolução de 1930. O intelectual pernambucano atuou por mais de uma década a frente desta instituição e estabeleceu parcerias interinstitucionais com órgãos e conselhos técnicos federais em um contexto em que estava sendo reorganizado o campo patrimonial brasileiro e sendo definido novas diretrizes para a sua salvaguarda. Essa análise busca contribuir para a compreensão da estreita relação que se estabeleceu entre intelectuais e o Estado, caracterizado pela disputa de poder e interesses pessoais. Além disso, ao buscar compreender a atuação de Carlos Estêvão de Oliveira no governo Vargas, procura-se dar ênfase de como a instituição administrada por ele passou a se tornar uma preocupação do poder central.
Palavras-chave: Cientistas. Museu Goeldi. Era Vargas.
Abstract
This article is set in the field of the History of Science and aims to Carlos Estêvão de Oliveira's career in the state apparatus of the Vargas Vargas era after the 1930 Revolution. O Pernambuco intellectual worked for more than a decade at the head of this institution and established inter-institutional partnerships and federal technical councils in a context in which the Brazilian reorganizing the Brazilian heritage field and defining new guidelines for its safeguarding. This analysis seeks to contribute to understanding the close relationship that was established between intellectuals and the state, characterized by power struggles and personal interests. interests. In addition, by seeking to understand Carlos Estêvão de Oliveira in the Vargas government, it seeks to emphasize how the institution he managed became a concern of the central power.
Keywords: Scientists. Goeldi Museum. Vargas Era.
Josef Rotblat e as Conferências Pugwash
Authors: Martines Ivan
Published: February 2024

Em tempos em que o fantasma de uma guerra nuclear reaparece em um novo conflito militar em solo europeu, convém retomar a discussão sobre ciência e guerra. Vale a lembrança de Josef Rotblat (1908-2005), cientista de origem judaica, nascido em Varsóvia e radicado na Inglaterra. Doutorado em Física (1938) na Polônia, Rotblat trabalhou com pesquisa em radioatividade artificial e ganhou reputação como um competente experimentalista. Mudou-se para Liverpool em 1939 para trabalhar com o físico James Chadwick (1891-1974), enquanto a Europa se aproximava da Segunda Guerra. Logo a Inglaterra iniciava pesquisas atômicas e Rotblat e outros cientistas britânicos se juntaram aos americanos em Los Álamos em janeiro de 1944, no “Projeto Manhattan”.

No decorrer do projeto, alega-se que Rotblat percebera indícios de que o objetivo maior seria o de ameaçar a URSS, já no preâmbulo da Guerra Fria, o que, somado a aspectos pessoais e a desconfiança americana de que ele pudesse repassar informações aos russos, teria influenciado seu pedido de renúncia e retorno a Liverpool em janeiro de 1945, onde se dedicou à medicina nuclear, visando aplicar seu trabalho em benefício da humanidade, que viu bombas caindo sobre Hiroshima e Nagasaki. Rotblat foi um dos signatários do Manisfesto Russel-Einstein  (1955) , contra armas nucleares, junto com outros cientistas e  juntou-se a Bertrand Russel (1872-1970) na criação das Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, iniciativa de caráter pacifista na busca pelo banimento de armas nucleares, químicas e biológicas, ganhando reconhecimento mundial com o Nobel da Paz de 1995.
O Experimento da Indução Eletromagnética de Michael Faraday: construção de réplicas de aparatos históricos para promoção da abordagem da história da ciência
Authors: Dos Santos Sartori Paulo Henrique , Nascimento de Oliveira Marcio
Published: February 2024

Resumo

Este trabalho apresenta o processo de pesquisa e produção de um conjunto de materiais elaborados a partir da análise detalhada do episódio histórico ‘Experimento de Indução Eletromagnética’ realizado em 1831 pelo cientista inglês Michael Faraday, em especial, a construção de réplicas dos aparatos anel-bobina, galvanômetro e bateria cocho, os quais foram confeccionados de modo artesanal, baseado em textos e imagens das obras originais do cientista. Alinhado a alguns pressupostos sobre as formas de utilização da abordagem Histórico-Investigativa, buscou-se retratar o processo de construção similar ao que teria sido vivenciado pelo próprio Faraday, contemplando as principais etapas envolvidas e os desafios enfrentados, contextualizando o experimento em si, os aparelhos elaborados por ele e instrumentos científicos utilizados na época. A busca por informações relevantes e consistentes pautou-se pelo uso de fontes primárias e secundárias confiáveis, acessíveis e respaldadas por instituições renomadas. A confecção dos aparatos, considerando a perspectiva da Replicação de Aparatos e Experimentos Científicos Históricos, possibilita uma imersão histórico-científica sobre o fazer ciência e a consequente implicação na construção do conhecimento científico, com potencial didático para fomentar o senso crítico e criativo dos estudantes.

 

Palavras-chave: Abordagem Histórico-Investigativa. Aparato Científico Histórico. Réplicas. Episódios da Ciência. Michael Faraday.
História da Ciência e Ensino: um material paradidático para o ensino de emissões radioativas
Authors: Cecelotti Lorena , Marques Deividi Marcio
Published: February 2024

Resumo

A radioatividade é um assunto presente em nossos dias, desde seu uso na medicina para o tratamento de tumores cancerígenos ao uso da geração de energia elétrica. Além disso, é um  tema  presente  nos  currículos  e  nos  livros  didáticos  nas  aulas  de Química e Física na Educação Básica. Devido aos poucos materiais que trazem contextualizações históricas sobre radioatividade se mostrou necessário a criação de um material paradidático contendo imagens dos experimentos, dos(as) cientistas envolvidos(as) na elaboração das diferentes ideias sobre esses processos e suas aplicações com intuito de contribuir para discussões em sala de aula

 

Palavras-chave: Ensino, Radioatividade, História da ciência

Abstract

Radioactivity is a subject that is prevalent in our modern world, from its use in medicine for treating cancerous tumors to its utilization in electricity generation. Additionally, it is a recurring theme in curricula and textbooks in Chemistry and Physics classes at the basic education level. Because there are limited materials that provide historical contextualization about radioactivity, it became necessary to create a supplementary educational resource containing images of experiments and the individuals involved in developing various ideas about these processes and their applications. This resource aims to enhance classroom discussions.

 

Keywords: Teaching, Radioactivity, History of science