bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacoepidemiology of Clinically Relevant Hypothyroidism and Hypertension from Sunitinib and Sorafenib
Authors: Walko Christine M. , Aubert Ronald E. , La-Beck Ninh M. , Clore Gosia , Herrera Vivian , Kourlas Helen , Epstein Robert S. , McLeod Howard L.
Published: February 2017

Background

Thyroid dysfunction and hypertension (HTN) have been sporadically reported with sunitinib (SUN) and sorafenib (SOR). Determination of the side effect incidence will enhance monitoring and management recommendations.

Methods

An observational cohort study was performed using deidentified pharmacy claims data from a 3-year period to evaluate patients prescribed SUN, SOR, or capecitabine (CAP; comparison group). The primary outcome was time to first prescription for thyroid replacement or HTN treatment. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

A total of 20,061 patients were eligible for evaluation of thyroid replacement therapy, which was initiated in 11.6% of those receiving SUN (HR, 16.77; 95% CI, 13.54–20.76), 2.6% of those receiving SOR (HR, 3.47; 95% CI, 2.46–4.98), and 1% of those receiving CAP, with median time to initiation of 4 months (range, 1–35 months). A total of 14,468 patients were eligible for evaluation of HTN therapy, which was initiated in 21% of SUN recipients (HR, 4.91; 95% CI, 4.19–5.74), 14% of SOR recipients (HR, 3.25; 95% CI, 2.69–3.91), and 5% of CAP recipients, with median time to initiation of 1 month (range, 1–18 months) for SOR and 2 months (range, 1–25 months) for SUN.

Conclusion

SUN and SOR significantly increased the risk for clinically relevant hypothyroidism; the risk was at least 4 times greater with SUN than with SOR. Patients receiving SUN and SOR had a similar elevated risk for clinically relevant HTN. These data provide robust measures of the incidence and time to onset of these clinically actionable adverse events.
The industry of testing and mutual recognition in southern Europe
Authors: Cruz Joaquin Manuel
Published: February 2017

Following the publication of the Common European Framework of Reference, Spain’s central government has been unable to unify common policies for foreign language requirements in Spanish Higher Education. Language requirements are in Spain both partially unregulated and deemed compulsory to finish Higher education degrees. In the absence of national policies, different areas of the country have implemented different policies in this respect and, inevitably, Spanish universities have developed their own internal legislation, high-quality suites of language tests and mutual recognition systems. These vary greatly from university to university, and are now competing in the industry of testing at both a national and a global level. The universities in Andalusia, one of the 17 autonomous communities of Spain, have been able to agree on a set of unified criteria which favors mutual recognition of language certifications for +13K candidates on a yearly basis and have driven policy makers’ attention to their network, which is being regulated a posteriori.
Eloquent silence: the transformation of Spain in British balladry between the Peninsular War and the Carlist Wars
Authors: Valdés Miyares J. Rubén
Published: February 2017

Among the ten items labelled “Peninsular War ballads” in the website Broadside Ballads Online of the Bodleian Libraries two evidently date from the First Carlist War, and show a different mood. The remaining eight items related to the 1807-1815 period are actually only five, as two of them are different editions of the same songs, and another is merely about the setting in the Horse Guards Parade, London, of a memorial to the lifting of the siege of Cádiz in 1812. While the five true Peninsular War ballads represent it as a patriotic enterprise on behalf of brave Spaniards fighting tyrannical invaders, the two set in the Carlist War portray a more individualized adventure of soldiers of fortune. This new approach after 1815 suggests a more limited popular understanding of Spanish politics. Spain is no longer a scenario for the defence of universal principles, but for the reckless adventure of particular men.
The Weird Sisters and the Circean Myth of Femininity in Geoffrey Wright’s Macbeth/Las brujas, Circe y el mito de la feminidad en el Macbeth de Geoffrey Wright
Authors: Marino-Faza Maria
Published: February 2017

One of the typical figures used to construct monstrosity in terms of gender is that of the witch and, probably, one of the best well-known portrayals of these women appears in Shakespeare's Macbeth. Written at the beginning of the seventeenth-century, soon after James I became king of England, this theatre play echoes contemporary beliefs on witchcraft and portrays the weird sisters as the characters that set in motion all the events in the play. The witch is understood as an abject figure and gender becomes a key element in this construction of monstrosity. Accordingly, Geoffrey Wright’s adaptation to the screen, uses the mythological figure of Circe as a basis for this contemporary representation of femininity, stressing not only witches’ threatening potential but also the danger their highly erotized nature poses.
La gobernanza de la biodiversidad marina en zonas fuera de la jurisdicción nacional: desafíos y perspectivas
Authors: Ariche Mohamed
Published: February 2017

La adopción de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar (en adelante, CNUDM) en 1982 marcó un antes y un después en la historia de la gobernanza de los océanos. Sin embargo, más de 30 años después, es evidente que muchas de sus ambiciosos objetivos aún no se han podido cumplir, especialmente en lo que se refiere a la protección y preservación del medio marino y la conservación de la biodiversidad en zonas fuera de la jurisdicción nacional (en adelante, ZFJN). Por eso se inició un proceso desde 2006 en el marco de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas para adoptar un instrumento vinculante en virtud de la CNUDM - Acuerdo de aplicación - que subsana las lagunas a nivel de regulación y de gobernanza de la biodiversidad marina en ZFJN. En este artículo destacaremos dichas lagunas y propondremos una serie de medidas que el futuro Acuerdo de aplicación debería contener para poder subsanarlas.
Cuestión de inconstitucionalidad y tutela judicial efectiva
Authors: Requejo Rodríguez Paloma
Published: February 2017

La evolución de la jurisprudencia constitucional sobre el control de las leyes singulares, que corrige la insatisfacción que desde la perspectiva de la tutela judicial efectiva generaba en sus destinatarios no saber si se llevaría a cabo y en qué términos, puede incidir en el papel que el propio Tribunal ha otorgado a las partes de un proceso a la hora de plantear una cuestión de inconstitucionalidad contra cualquier tipo de ley que sea de aplicación en el mismo y de cuya validez dependa el fallo. El tradicional protagonismo del Juez ordinario en detrimento de unas partes que tan sólo pueden solicitar el planteamiento de la cuestión puede ponerse en entredicho atendiendo al origen concreto de este procedimiento y a la mencionada jurisprudencia sobre las leyes singulares, no tan alejada de este supuesto como parece.
Una aproximación a los problemas actuales del blanqueo de capitales y el delito fiscal
Authors: Carrión Morillo David
Published: February 2017

El delito de blanqueo de capitales y el delito fiscal han sufrido varias modificaciones desde su recepción en la legislación penal española, siendo especialmente importantes las que han afectado a algunos de sus aspectos esenciales. Algunas de ellas han sido muy contestadas por la doctrina, sobre todo la amnistía fiscal amparada en el texto del Real Decreto-ley 12/2012, de 30 de marzo, por el que se introducen diversas medidas tributarias y administrativas dirigidas a la reducción del déficit público. En este artículo se tratará de iluminar las sombras de estos delitos y de su relación, además de tratar de despejar algunas dudas sobre su más plausible interpretación.
Los principios que rigen las relaciones entre la unión europea y los entes descentralizados de los estados federales. La problemática de las comunidades autónomas españolas
Authors: Fondevila Marón Manuel
Published: February 2017

Los dos principios básicos que rigen las relaciones entre la Unión Europea y los Estados son el principio de primacía y el principio de subsidiariedad. En tanto que las Comunidades Autónomas no son sujetos de Derecho Comunitario estos no cambian, pero sí pueden tener lugar ciertas paradojas jurídicas cuando los Estados son condenados por la acción o inacción de los entes descentralizados en la ejecución de la normativa europea. En algunos Estados como Austria, Bélgica, o Italia se ha consagrado a nivel constitucional un poder de sustitución de la Federación con el fin de evitar el ilícito internacional. Nuestra Constitución no estableció esta competencia en favor de los órganos del poder central pero sí estableció (art. 149.3), que el Derecho del Estado era, en todo caso, de aplicación supletoria. Sin embargo, una consolidada jurisprudencia de nuestro Tribunal Constitucional redujo la aplicación de esta cláusula, de acuerdo con el principio de competencia que debe regir las relaciones entre el Estado central y los miembros en todo Estado políticamente descentralizados, a unos estrechos márgenes que no permite tal interpretación. Por ello abogamos por una reforma constitucional, necesaria, por lo demás, en otros aspectos, que incluya este poder de sustitución en favor de los órganos del poder central.
D-002 Ameliorates Histological Changes in Rats with Bile Reflux-Induced Esophagitis
Authors: Noa Miriam , Mas Rosa , Mendoza Sarahí , Zamora Zullyt , Molina Vivian , Valle Maikel
Published: February 2017

Reflux esophagitis, a common gastrointestinal disease, may be induced by duodeno gastroesophageal-reflux, and by duodeno-esophageal reflux (DER), the reflux of the biliary content only. D-002, a mixture of six higher primary alcohols purified from the beeswax, has exhibited gastric and esophageal protection experimentally. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of D-002 on the esophageal histological changes in rats with DER-induced esophagitis. Rats were randomized into six groups: a negative control and five with DER: a positive control, three D-002- (50, 200 and 400mg/kg, respectively) and one omeprazole (20 mg/kg) group, treated for 14 days. Microscopic studies of esophagus were performed looking for reflux esophagitis indicators, such as basal cell hyperproliferation, papillae elongation, inflammatory cell infiltrates, epithelial erosions and ulcerations. The thickness of esophageal epithelium was measured and leukocytes were counted. Histological characteristics of esophagitis were evaluated. Negative controls had normal esophagus, while positive controls exhibited marked esophagitis. The values of the histological score, thickness of the esophageal epithelium and leukocyte infiltration in the positive control group were higher (p <0.001) than in the negative control. D-002 (50 - 400 mg/kg) reduced significantly (p <0.01) the histological scores versus the positive control group. D-002 lowered significantly the epithelium thickness and abolished (p <0.001) leukocytes infiltration versus the positive control. Compared with the positive control, omeprazole reduced (p <0.01) the histological score, the epithelium thickness and leukocytes infiltration. Repeated doses of D-002 ameliorated the histological changes in rats with DER-induced esophagitis.
Compassionate Communities and their Role in End-of-Life Care
Authors: Russell Christopher
Published: February 2017

AbstractDeath is a universal experience that has often been underrepresented in discussion between loved ones and the healthcare system. Given the need for support throughout all aspects of end-of-life care, an emerging paradigm shift shows Compassionate Communities as a new standard for placing responsibility back in the community and promoting respectful and compassionate care. Development of Compassionate Communities promotes quality end-of-life care designed to meet the individualized needs of the dying as well as their caregivers. RésuméLa mort est une expérience universelle qui a souvent été sous-représentée lors de discussions entre les proches d’une personne mourante et le système de soins de santé. Étant donné le besoin de soutien au niveau des diverses facettes des soins de fin de vie, un changement émergent de paradigme démontre que les Communautés bienveillantes sont dorénavant la norme pour confier à nouveau la responsabilité aux communautés, et pour promouvoir des soins respectueux et compatissants. Le développement des Communautés Bienveillantes promeut des soins de fin de vie de qualité, conçus pour répondre aux besoins particuliers des personnes mourantes ainsi que de leurs aides.
3D Printing for 21st Century Medical Learners: Opportunities for Innovative Research and Collaboration
Authors: Wang AiLi , Chung Talia , Anis Hanan , Jalali Alireza
Published: February 2017

AbstractWith the commercialization of accessible 3D printers, using 3D printing for creation of personalized medical interventions has become a rapidly expanding area of research. In keeping with these developments, the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Ottawa has purchased 3D printers (Makerbot Replicator 2X and Ultimaker 2 Extended +) and launched a collaboration with Makerspace and the Health Sciences Library to investigate local opportunities to incorporate 3D printing into education, simulations and research. This article aims to summarize some of the recent developments in 3D printing and introduce readers to how one could use 3D printing for personalized medicine. RésuméAvec la venue de la commercialisation d’imprimantes 3D accessibles, l’emploi de l’impression 3D pour la création d’interventions médicales personnalisées est un domaine de recherche en développement rapide. Afin de rester à jour avec ces développements, la Faculté de Médecine de l’Université d’Ottawa s’est procuré des imprimantes 3D (Makerbot Replicator 2X et Ultimaker 2 Extended +) et a entamé une collaboration avec Makerspace et la Bibliothèque des Sciences de la Santé, pour examiner des opportunités locales visant à incorporer l’impression 3D à l’éducation, aux simulations et à la recherche. Cet article vise à résumer certains des développe- ments récents en impression 3D et à présenter aux lecteurs la manière dont celle-ci peut être utilisée pour la médecine personnalisée.
Being a Leader: An Interview with a Leading Clinician-Scientist, Dr. Shawn Aaron
Authors: Faraz Mohammad Ali , Hiranandani Rashi Raju
Published: February 2017

Dr. Shawn Aaron is a professor of medicine, senior scientist, principal investigator at the University of Ottawa, and the Chief of the Division of Respirology at The Ottawa General Hospital. He is also the Director of the Canadian Respiratory Research Network, a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Emerging Research Network. Dr. Aaron’s clinical and research interests include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and cystic fibrosis (CF). We had the pleasure to speak with Dr. Aaron about his clinical and research experiences. He shared information about his medical, academic, and leadership roles. Finally, he also provided some advice for medical trainees in their path towards practicing medicine.
Serum vitamin D and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in Moroccan patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: El Omri Naoual , Mekouar Fadwa , Sekkach Youssef , Jira Mohamed , El Qatni Mohamed , Assoufi Naoufal , El Khader Salaheddine , Amezyane Taoufik , Ghafir Driss , Eljaoudi Rachid
Published: February 2017

Background: Vitamin D plays an important role in the immunomodulation and could be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). The study of the polymorphism of the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene may be of interest in explaining the pathophysiology of SLE.Methods: In this study, we aimed to examine the characteristics of VDR gene BsmI polymorphism for the first time in Moroccan patients with SLE and their relationship with clinical manifestations of the disease. We also measured the serum level of 25-hyroxyvitamin D3 to assess its relation to such polymorphism.Results: The study included 66 SLE patients and 91 healthy controls. Our results showed that there were no differences observed in VDR genotypes and allelic distribution within the two groups. Both groups were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, with no significant P values for the observed and expected genotype frequencies. 25-hyroxyvitamin D3 serum levels were the same in the two groups.Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study. We cannot verify any association between VDR gene BsmI polymorphism and SLE. This polymorphism could not be regarded as a genetic marker of the SLE. A larger study examining BsmI and other VDR gene polymorphisms is needed.
Hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Melothria perpusilla against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in albino rats
Authors: Yengkhom Nokul S. , Gunindro Ngangom , Kholi Sania M. , Moirangthem Rakesh S. , Rajkumari Bharati D.
Published: February 2017

Background: In absence of reliable hepatoprotective drug in modern medicine, the traditional herbal medicines have been emphasized. Present study was designed to assess hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Melothria perpusilla (AEMP) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury.Methods: Five groups of animals with 6 rats in each were treated for 7 days.  Group I received 1% gum acacia in distilled water (1 ml/200 g p.o.) daily.  Group II, III, IV and V received CCl4 in liquid paraffin (1 ml/kg s.c.) on day 2, 4 and 6. Group III, IV and V were treated respectively with silymarin (100 mg/kg p.o.), AEMP- 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o. daily. On day 8, liver injury was assessed by measuring serum ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin.Results: ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin were significantly reduced in groups receiving both CCl4 and AEMP when compared with CCl4 treated group.Conclusions: AEMP produced hepatoprotective effect against CCl4 induced liver injury.
La preocupación por la naturaleza, ¿un proceso natural para la política pública? Cómo promover que los temas vinculados con el desarrollo sostenible sean considerados en las agendas ambientales de las ciudades
Authors: Barrionuevo Mora María de los Ángeles
Published: February 2017

Ecuador es un país líder a nivel mundial por el reconocimiento de los derechos de la naturaleza y de la ciudad en su Constitución. Dado que Quito, su capital, se ha posicionado como uno de los pocos municipios que a nivel mundial han logrado acreditarse por cumplir compromisos internacionales en temas de cambio climático, se convierte en un caso relevante de estudio. A partir de la experiencia de este municipio se pretende identificar los principales factores que influyen para que un gobierno local asuma una agenda ambiental que procure la sostenibilidad. Aunque los contextos nacional e internacional intervienen para posicionar estos temas, factores como el liderazgo, la influencia de redes internacionales, el nivel de especialización del aparato burocrático y la normatividad local han permitido promover los temas vinculados con el desarrollo sostenible a nivel local y así visibilizar a las ciudades como actores relevantes para la procura de un modelo de sostenibilidad.
Remote Usability Testing in Portal Web Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia.
Authors: Zuntriana Ari
Published: February 2017

Portal Web Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia(PNRI) or Indonesian National Library Web Portal is one of the best resources that support education in Indonesia. With the large collection of librarians, PNRI can reach millions of librarian with various education background and area. To ensure its sustainability, we need to conduct research to know how good is the usability this web portal to the remote user. One of the way is using web usability testing. By using this test, PNRI will get the information about what is needed to be fixed and for the next step it can be used as recommendation in redesigning of the portal. PNRI web portal test will be held using remote usability test method. The research is conducted by combining inquiry with formal usability test, like giving a task to the participant. The sampling method used is random sampling by using 32 participant. Data gathering technique used is using online questionnaire.  The research result shows that: (1) most of the participant get difficulties in finding information about service schedule; (2) most of the participant dissatisfied in interface design and arrangement in the homepage of PNRI portal. This research is intended as the starting research. It needs the next research to deepen and complete the information and research findings, especially about portal efficiency.
Digital Preservation of Photo Journalism (Case Study of the Kompas Daily)
Authors: Rahmawati Yuli
Published: February 2017

Newspaper provides many information from politics, economics, cultures, and sports for society. Newspaper reports important events in the world. Besides the news, there also some pictures portraying those events. So readers will easilly to see what happen visually. According to the journalistic concept, photos has comply as a reference source. Kompas daily, firstly published on 1965, and published many historical photos both paper and digital format. The digitize process is done by kompas information center, through scanning, indexing, and syncronizing. Two most important issues are standardization of metadata and integrated retrieval systems. Standarization of metadata was design based on publishing standard,  IIM and was modified with IPTC news codes. Information retrieval systems was built by inserting information about publication. This system connecting photo creating data, storage systems, and retrieval systems. For kompas daily, the availability if digital object  such as photo can trigger the innitiatives of re-publishing historical momments in thematical rubrics. Digitize will give benefits for information disemination.
Evaluation of The Library and Archives of East Java’s Workshop as A Knowledge Sharing Form of Jawatimuran Local Wisdom Preservation
Authors: Atmi Ragil Tri
Published: February 2017

Local wisdom possessed by the East Java is a form of culture that represents the identity of the Jawatimuran that does not shared by other regions, but the social dynamics and development of information technology make the knowledge of local wisdom faded and forgotten, so that the next generation remains to know, love and proud in the culture of their own country, then that knowledge must be preserved. The Library and Archives of East Java has organized several workshops. Those workshops are a form of knowledge sharing as an effort to preserve local wisdom of Jawatimuran through writing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the workshops conducted by The Library and Archives of East Java. The methodology used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The results of this study show that knowledge sharing can improve the productivity of the authors and creates integration between authors, publishers and The Library and Archives of East Java in an effort to preserve local wisdom in East Java. The conclusion is that The Library and Archives of East Java should be a bridge for the writers to continue to produce writings based on the local wisdom.
Digital Library and Institutional Repository for Supporting Information Literacy
Authors: Munawaroh Munawaroh , Prayitno Dio Eka
Published: February 2017

Development of information technology, easy to get from smartphone or personal digital assistant (PDA) influence behavioral users to access information at library, that change behavioral users to access information effect of habit users“Every time with smartphone”. Example Users want to get information from book, they will copy or note but now they just take with their smartphone and access information from library they use laptop, gadget which connection internet. This condition a lot of librarian to develop their library became “Digital Library” (DL) and “Institutional Repository” (IR). The goal of DL and IR are to provide information which more easy to access, especially local contents the
Media Transformation Model by Digitization: Case Study of Cartography Material At Badan Arsip dan Perpustakaan Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Authors: Narendra Albertus Pramukti
Published: February 2017

The rapid growth of information is supported by the development of information and communication technologies, especially digital information. On the other hand, the information that hasn’t been digitalized but has long-term benefit values in order to persist through the media transfer processes. The library and archive institution playing the role to manage the various documents so that people can access them needs to preserve the documents in order to give benefits for the future generation. The library and archive institution of Central Java as the institution managing the information has preserved various documents such as cartography documents. This case study research focused on the transformation model of cartography documents in which its contents should be preserved through scanning processes. The results showed that the processes, facilities, technical specification, application tool of the media transformation activities, and storage process of the preserved documents were to preserve the information values within.
Fabrication of dye natural as a photosensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC)
Authors: Hardani Hardani , Hendra Hendra , Darmawan Muh. Iman , Cari C , Supriyanto Agus
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to obtain optical properties (absorption spectrum) and electrical properties (photoconductivity) of organic dyes in DSSC performance. optical and electrical properties were tested by using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer and Elkahfi 1601 PC 100 / IV meter, respectively, while Keithley Type 2600A is used for the characterization of DSSC. This study is a great base to explore and investigate the development of DSSC solar cells using natural dyes (organic). Spectra optimal absorption and photoconductivity produced by natural dyes (organic). The results of this study indicate that the absorption spectrum of natural dyes (organic) in the range of 300-500 nm. electrical characteristics (I-V) of the increase in linear dye under illumination. I-V characteristics of DSSC from organically produced natural dyes to color the biggest-mangosteen obtained Voc of 565 mV; JSC = 1.52 A / m2; FF = 0.12; and η_ef is approximately 0.09%, respectively,. The conclusion of this study, natural dyes (organic) can be an attractive alternative as a dye.
Low-Rheology Thermal Cement Design for Long Lateral Production Casing: Case History from the Duvernay Formation
Authors: Ahmady Afshin , Fyten Glen , Stuber Jason , Suarez Nino , Driller Chris
Published: February 2017

This paper presents the design challenges and improvements made to cementing long lateral wells in the Duvernay formation. Low-rheology thermal cement slurries were designed and successfully pumped in more than 30 production jobs. These new designs were coupled with a lower-modeled pumping pressure at higher flow rates that were previously unattainable with conventional designs.

A long lateral production-casing design was used in the Duvernay formation to maximize hydrocarbon production and net present value (NPV). Generally, the lateral horizontal length of a well is increased to enhance wellbore contact with the reservoir. In many cases, the total depth is over 6,000 m, with a lateral section of approximately 3,000 m. Additionally, the typical wellbore diameter is reduced with the goal of decreasing the well cost and, consequently, the unit development cost (UDC).

Sufficient zonal isolation is essential for production casing. Designing low-rheology, thermal cement blends is complex and must meet all slurry-property requirements from both the regulatory board and those required to achieve a competent zonal isolation. These requirements include: Adequate silica content to prevent thermal retrogression500-psi compressive strength in 48 hoursZero free fluidFluid loss of less than 100 cc/30 minLow sedimentation

This paper discusses the primary design changes that led to the improved cement slurry designs, including: Formation fracturingLoss of circulation during cementing and displacementPoor cement quality owing to channeling caused by low flow ratesFailure to bump the top dart for cemented sleeves

A computational fluid dynamics and finite-element simulator was used to evaluate the impact of conventional and improved designs. Improvements led to two new single-slurry designs. These single-slurry designs replaced the previous two slurry jobs (lead and tail), while maintaining the same, or higher, overall well hydrostatic pressure. The newly developed, field-trialed slurries with two different densities (1,675 or 1,750-kg/m3) and low rheology were designed to control the ECD below an acceptable value (fracture gradient = 21 kPa/m) at effective pump rates during both the placement and displacement of the cement slurries. The cement design also allowed for more cost-effective completions, further increasing the well NPV.
Nanoscale Free Gas Transport in Shale Rocks: A Hard-Sphere Based Model
Authors: Xu Jinze , Wu Keliu , Yang Sheng , Cao Jili , Chen Zhangxin
Published: February 2017

Shale gas is a very important energy resource for humans in the 21st century. However, the mechanism underlying the transoport behavior of shale gas in nanopores (typically 1 nm to 100 nm) remains a huge challenge in industries, as well as in research. In this study, we investigated the free gas transport in nanopores of shale rocks by using the real gas equation of state (EOS) and elastic hard-sphere (HS) model. Excellent results were obtained from the validation of the real gas model on the basis of molecular simulation and experimental data. This paper discusses the following: (1) the model efficiently and reasonably describes the known gas transport behavior in nanopores by establishing the relationship among real gas effect, molecular interactions and collisions, and gas transport behavior; (2) the use of real gas HS EOS considers repulsion, which reduces Knudsen diffusion and laminar slip flow conductance. In addition, packing fraction in EOS provides minimum boundaries for Knudsen number and flow regime; (3) the molecule-wall collision is mainly dominated by pore diameter, and the intermolecular collision is mainly dominated by pressure in nanopores. Under 10 MPa, the molecule-wall collision dominates in nanopores. Otherwise, the intermolecular collision dominates; (4) the laminar slip flow conductance increases with the corresponding increase in strength of intermolecular collision. With increased strength in the molecule-wall collision, Knudsen diffusion conductance increases, thereby improving the transport efficiency, as shown by apparent permeability.
An Evaluation of EOR Potential in the Elm Coulee Bakken Formation, Richland County, Montana
Authors: Todd Burt J. , Reichhardt David K. , Heath Leo A.
Published: February 2017

Low primary recovery percentages from unconventional reservoirs have long motivated interest in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) for these reservoirs, resulting in numerous simulation studies and injection pilots. However, performance from injections pilots has typically been disappointing compared to the simulations, suggesting that reservoir permeability and heterogeneity are not adequately described in the reservoir simulation models.

In this study, a simulation and history-matching approach was used to quantify the permeability matrix over a six-section, nine-well area. Twelve years of production data were history-matched, using a combination of pressure-dependent permeability and enhanced permeability to represent natural fractures or other high-permeability features. Also, the performance of a failed injection pilot was history-matched to determine the level of reservoir heterogeneity needed to explain the pilot failure.

Based on this study, a reservoir description capable of matching twelve years of production and injection history has been developed. Formation properties in the high-permeability streaks capable of causing the disappointing injection pilot performance have been quantified. Recovery has been forecast to depletion, and EOR under hydrocarbon gas injection has been forecast for a variety of scenarios. Optimal operating strategies and recommendations for technology development to mitigate early breakthrough are made. Realistic cost estimates were made for each scenario, and economics were run for each recovery method. These results give insight into the economic potential of enhanced oil recovery in the Elm Coulee Bakken formation. Recommendations for favorable tax treatment and scheduling of expenses/investments are made.

Developing the permeability matrix using the history matching approach is a novel and versatile way of quantifying unconventional reservoir properties. However, it is important to match both injection and production data, since the permeability vector appears to have pressure-dependent effects. The effect of controlling injection thief zones by controlling local wellbore outflow is quantified, and a need for in situ permeability modification of fracture thief zones has been determined.
Improved Oil Recovery in Tight Oil Formations: Results of Water Injection Operations and Gas Injection Sensitivities in the Bakken Formation of Southeast Saskatchewan
Authors: Ghaderi S. M. , Clarkson C. R. , Ghanizadeh A. , Barry K. , Fiorentino R.
Published: February 2017

Conventional oil production has occurred from the Bakken Formation in Saskatchewan since the mid-1950s. However, with successful implementation of multi-fractured horizontal well (MFHW) technology, the low-permeability (unconventional) Bakken has experienced ever increasing E&P activity on both sides of the US/Canada border. Prior to 2005, the Bakken in Saskatchewan had less than 100 active producers in the region but has increased to more than 2,500 producing wells since then (Sekar, 2015).

Although improvement in hydraulic fracture properties and infill drilling remain the focus of recovery enhancement from the Bakken, low oil recoveries and steep initial oil decline rates are experienced using primary recovery operations, even after application of MFHW technology. Therefore, many pilots have been executed to determine the viability of waterflooding for maintaining oil rates and improving recoveries through reservoir pressure maintenance and sweep efficiency enhancement.

This paper presents the performance results from one of the waterflood pilots in the Viewfield Bakken. MFHWs were used as both injectors and producers for this pilot. Five years of production/injection volumes for these wells, along with pressure data, were matched using a black-oil simulator. The calibrated model was then used to predict the long-term performance of the pilot. Finally, this model was used for further investigation of parameters affecting the performance of the waterflood operation along with assessment of EOR (gas injection) schemes applicable to the Bakken Formation.

Two important conclusions can be derived from this study: 1) waterflooding can be effective in tight oil reservoirs using MFHWs as injectors and producers and, 2) careful characterization of vertical changes in reservoir quality using laboratory-based measurements are important for improving the quality of the history match and resulting forecast scenarios. For 2), permeability heterogeneity was quantified using profile permeability measurements corrected to ‘in-situ’ stress conditions.
Evaluation of Downhole Multi-Cycle Sleeve Technology for Re-Frac Completions in Southwest Manitoba
Authors: Swain Curtis , Kozelj Chris , McArthur Kevin , MacArthur Nils , Stadnyk Shawn , Powell Jesse
Published: February 2017

A new down hole multi-cycle sleeve completion system that was run in a well allowed the operator to re-frac all previously stimulated zones along the horizontal section of a wellbore with relative ease. The technology utilizes sleeves that can be closed and opened for the life of the well and re-defines the way re-frac completions can be done. Risks are significantly reduced and efficiencies improved compared to other re-completion techniques

Coiled tubing (CT) equipped with a resettable frac plug bottom hole assembly (BHA) was deployed in a well that was originally fractured from the toe interval back to the heel. Unlike conventional completion systems where the frac sleeves are left open after each stage, these particular sleeves were closed immediately after each frac was complete. Once all the stages were stimulated, CT was then moved back down the well to re-open all the sleeves from the toe to the heel and allow the well to produce. This method is described as the Shift-Frac Close (SFC) sequence and is discussed in more detail in the paper. Both the original and re-completion were done in this nature. Well details along with original and re-frac designs will also be discussed in the paper

The subject well consisted of 25 stages along the HZ section. The original completion from start to finish took ~ 56 hours to complete where each interval was fractured successfully with fairly small tonnages and low rates. After poor production results the operator decided to re-frac all intervals with a more aggressive frac design placing more sand in each interval at faster rates and higher bottom hole sand concentrations. It was estimated that the re-frac completion took ~38 operating hours. This represents significant improvement when compared to other systems where trying to re-complete a well may require drilling out ball seats, re-perforating and/or using risky isolation or diversion techniques. In addition, being able to close the sleeves after each frac has shown added benefits in the prevention of proppant flow back. This was noted in both the original stimulation and re-completion performed on this particular well that in turn saved money in potential sand cleanouts and possibly eliminated the use for resin coated sands.

The paper documents this first ever application of executing re-fracs through re-closeable sleeves, and discusses the importance of sleeve reliability and longevity. Having the flexibility with this completion system also allows customers the option to frac intervals out of sequence, which has been hypothesized to reduce effective fracture spacing and effectively tap into a natural fractured network (Sharma et al 2013).
Comparison of PKN, KGD, Pseudo3D, and Diffusivity Models for Hydraulic Fracturing of the Horn River Basin Shale Gas Formations Using Microseismic Data
Authors: Yousefzadeh Abdolnaser , Li Qi , Virues Claudio , Aguilera Roberto
Published: February 2017

We present a comparison of three different hydraulic fracture models as well as an anisotropic diffusivity model with the observed microseismic data from shale gas reservoirs in the Horn River Basin of Canada. We investigated the validity of these models in the prediction of hydraulic fracture geometries using tempo-spatial extension of microseismic data. In the study area, ten horizontal wells were drilled and hydraulically fractured in multiple stages in the Muskwa, Otter Park, and Evie shale gas formations in 2013. The treatments were monitored by downhole microseismic measurements.

We integrated microseismic analyses, geomechanical information extracted from well logs, and fracturing treatment parameters performed in the area. We compared fracture geometry predicted by Perkins-Kern-Nordgren (PKN), Khristianovic-Geertsma-de Klerk (KGD), and a Pseudo-3D (P3D) fracturing models as well as an anisotropic diffusivity model with actual fracture geometries derived from microseismic records in more than one hundred fracturing stages.

For the study area, we find that there are no barriers to hydraulic fracture vertical growth between the Muskwa, Otter Park and Evie shales. Therefore, the fracture height to length ratio is higher than unity in many stages. Large fracturing heights suggest that the PKN model might be more suitable for fracture modeling than the KGD model. However, our analyses show that the fracture length predicted by the KGD model is closer to, but still far less than the fracture length illustrated by microseismic events. Pseudo 3D model also predicts fracture lengths which are slightly larger than the modeled fracture lengths by the KGD and PKN equations and still significantly smaller than the microseismic fracture lengths.

These differences are observed throughout all stages suggesting that these methods are not able to perfectly predict the hydraulic fracturing behavior in the study wellpad. Vertical extension of microseismic data with linear patterns into the Keg River formation below the shale formations suggests the presence of natural fractures in the study area.

This study presents a distinctive insight into the complex hydraulic fracture modeling of shales in the Horn River basin and suggests that diffusivity mapping is a simple, but powerful tool for hydraulic fracture modeling in these formations. Observed microseismic fracture lengths are significantly higher than lengths predicted by the geomechanical models and closer to diffusivity models, which suggests the possibility of increasing well-spacing in future development using diffusivity equation for improving treatment design.
Suppression in the Bubble Points of Oils in Shales Combined Effect of Presence of Organic Matter and Confinement
Authors: Pathak Manas , Kweon Hyukmin , Panja Palash , Velasco Raul , Deo Milind D.
Published: February 2017

The shale plays have drastically increased production of oil and gas in the US and North America in general. In the past couple of years, there has been tremendous research on understanding the dynamics and phase behavior of fluids at the pore scale in shale rock. The change in bubble point of oils in liquid rich shale play because of the effect of confinement of oils in nano pores has caught attention of the researchers. Our prior research based on modeling and experiments show that kerogen interacts with the oil that leads to changes in bubble point of oils. There has not been any experimental work to account for the presence of kerogen (organic matter) in vapor-liquid equilibrium calculation. Experiments have been performed in this work that show the combined effect of kerogen presence and confinement on oil bubble point.

In the current work, kerogen is isolated from a shale sample by series of acid treatments. The shale rock sample was collected from a prolific US shale play. The isolated kerogen is nano porous and was swelled with light sweet Wyoming crude oil. Differential Scanning Calorimetry is used to measure the changes in bubble point of oil in kerogen. The work, thus accounts for the effect of oil confinement and kerogen-oil interactions on the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) properties of oil. Results show that the bubble point temperatures are suppressed in the nano pores and in the vicinity of kerogen. The changes in the bubble point of oils in shales affect properties like produced gas-oil ratio, volumes and rates of recovery of petroleum reserves.
A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of Proppant Placement in Hydraulic Fracture Networks
Authors: Kong Xianhui , McAndrew James
Published: February 2017

This study aims to study the driving mechanism of proppant transport from wellbore to hydraulic fracture networks (HFN) by fracturing fluid, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). We simulated multiphase slurry flow containing proppant based on the Euler-Euler multiphase flow model. Foam rheology was modeled using non-Newtonian power-law model in simulation. We investigated the propping performance of different fluid and proppant for various types of fracture network, such as T- shaped and cross-shaped. Sensitivity studies show that the fracture width, fluid viscosity, and sand load has the most significant impact on final proppant placement in the fracture networks. The sand particle size and density are secondary factors in the distribution of proppant in fracture networks. The fracture network shape (i.e. factors such as bends and angles) does not impact proppant movement to an appreciable extent. We also confirmed the benefit of using high proppant load on proppant placement.
THE DETERMINANT OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ON INDONESIAN LGs WEBSITE
Authors: Utomo Kurniawan Cahyo , Aryani Y Anni
Published: February 2017

This research aims to find out the effect of size, leverage, wealth, audit opinion, liquidity, and press visibility of Local Governments (LGs) on the financial information disclosure through Indonesian LGs website. Center for Regional Information Study (Pattiro) states that only 28% of LGs disclose their financial information through website, and this proves lack of public transparency. This research method is using multiple linear regression. The population is 456 Local Governments (LGs) in Indonesia, with the research sample as many as 187 LGs conducted using purposive sampling method. The type of research data is secondary data. Empirical results show that size and wealth have positive effect on the financial information disclosure through website. Press visibility has negative effect on the financial information disclosure through website. While leverage, audit opinion, and liquidity do not have effect on the financial information disclosure through website. The implication of this research is that The Ministry of Home Affairs could develop a system of reward and punishment to motivate the LGs to improve their level of financial information disclosure through the website.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE USE OF FORENSIC ACCOUNTING SERVICES AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON INDONESIAN BANKS
Authors: Bayu Aji Seto Satriyo , Urumsah Dekar
Published: February 2017

The increase in fraud action against financial reports make many people uneasy and considering to use Forensic Accounting Services to prevent and detect fraud. This study aimed to analyse the factors affecting The Intention to Use Forensic Accounting Services in the Banking Industry in Yogyakarta. This research used the survey method and used primary data, which obtained from the population of heads of division and internal auditor staff. This research used SmartPls 2.0 to processed the data with 110 data has been processed.Results of the study find that The Perceived Benefits of Using Forensic Accounting Services affects the Attitudes towards Forensic Accounting Services. Additionally Attitudes toward Forensic Accounting Services, Government Pressure and Internal Control Systems affect the Intention to Use Forensic Accounting Services. Researchers also found that there is no affect of Perceived Risks of Forensic Accounting Services on The Attitudes towards Forensic Accounting Services, as well as Stakeholder Pressure and Time budget Pressure does not affect The Intention to Use Forensic Accounting Services.