bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ozone and DNA active UV radiation changes for the near global mean and at high latitudes due to enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations
Authors: Eleftheratos Kostas , Kapsomenakis John , Fountoulakis Ilias , Zerefos Christos S. , Jöckel Patrick , Dameris Martin , Bais Alkiviadis F. , Bernhard Germar , Kouklaki Dimitra , Tourpali Kleareti , Stierle Scott , Liley J. Ben , Brogniez Colette , Auriol Frédérique , Diémoz Henri , Simic Stana , Petropavlovskikh Irina
Published: April 2022

Abstract. This study analyses the variability and trends of ultraviolet-B (UV-B, wavelength 280–320 nm) radiation that can cause DNA damage, which are caused by climate change due to enhanced greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations. The analysis is based on DNA active irradiance, total ozone, total cloud cover, and surface albedo calculations with the EMAC Chemistry-Climate Model (CCM) free running simulations following the RCP-6.0 climate scenario for the period 1960–2100. The model output is evaluated with DNA active irradiance ground-based measurements, satellite SBUV (v8.7) total ozone measurements and satellite MODIS/Terra cloud cover data. The results show that the model reproduces the observed variability and change of total ozone, DNA active irradiance, and cloud cover for the period 2000–2018 quite well. Between 50° N–50° S, the DNA-damaging UV radiation is expected to decrease until 2050 and to increase thereafter, as it was shown previously by Eleftheratos et al. (2020). This change is associated with decreases in the model total cloud cover and insignificant trends in total ozone after about 2050. The new study confirms the previous work by adding more stations over low and mid-latitudes (13 instead of 5 stations). In addition, we include estimates from high latitude stations with long-term measurements of UV irradiance (2 stations in the northern high latitudes and 4 stations in the southern high latitudes greater than 55°). In contrast to the predictions for 50° N–50° S, it is shown that DNA active irradiance will continue to decrease after the year 2050 over high latitudes because of upward ozone trends. At latitudes poleward of 55° N, we estimate that DNA active irradiance will decrease by 10.6 ± 3.7 % from 2050 to 2100. Similarly, at latitudes poleward of 55° S, DNA active irradiance will decrease by 4.8 ± 2.9 % after 2050. The results for the high latitudes refer to the summer period and not to the seasons when ozone depletion occurs, i.e., in late winter and spring. The contributions of ozone, cloud and albedo trends on the DNA active irradiance trends are estimated and discussed.
Study of Serum Magnesium Level in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Relation to Its Microvascular Complication
Authors: Naqvi Dr. Abbas , Shadani Dr. A.K. , Gupta Dr. Shubhangi
Published: April 2022

Magnesium is an essential element and has a fundamental role in carbohydrate metabolism in general and in the insulin action in particular. Magnesium is a cofactor in both glucose transport mechanism of the cell membranes and for various intracellular enzymes involved in carbohydrate oxidation the concentrations of magnesium in serum of healthy people are remarkably constant, whereas 25-39% of diabetics have low concentrations of serum magnesium.
Magnesium depletion has a negative impact on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes, as well as on the evolution of complications such as ischemic heart disease, arterial atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, hyper triglyceridemia, hypertension, retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy. Moreover, low serum magnesium is a strong, independent predictor of development of type 2 diabetes.
The study is one and half year observational comparative hospital based study conducted in patients attending the Medicine OPD. Randomly chosen 100 Type 2 diabetic patients, and 100 non diabetic age/sex matched controls were included.
In this study significant correlation is found between Hypomagnesemia and Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 with Hypomagnesemia is associated with more microvascular complications. Serum Magnesium level also found to be correlated with Lipid profile in Diabetics and significant correlation was also found between Hypomagnesemia and Hypertension.

Keywords: Serum Magnesium Level, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Microvascular Complication.
COVID-19 Associated Hemorrhagic Gastritis Treated Successfully with Hemospray
Authors: Brennan Gregory , Patel Riddhi
Published: April 2022

COVID 19 is associated with many gastrointestinal manifestations including gastrointestinal hemorrhage. There is limited data regarding endoscopic interventions in patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage and COVID-19. Here we present a case of hemorrhagic gastritis associated with COVID 19 successfuly treated with hemospray.
Kritik Metan Yoğunluğu Tespit Robotu Prototip Tasarımı ve Üretimi
Authors: ŞENEL Oğuzhan , SAMTAŞ Gürcan
Published: April 2022

Metan, evsel atıkların çürümesi esnasında metanojen isimli arke bakteriler tarafından üretilen, rengi ve kokusu olmayan bir gazdır. Doğal gazın da ana bileşenlerinden biri olan metan gazı iyi bir yakıttır ve belirli koşullarda patlayıcı özellik gösterebilmektedir. Metan gazına özellikle çöplükler, geri dönüşüm tesisleri ve madenler gibi ortamlarda sıkça rastlanır. Bu ortamlarda kontrolünün sağlanamaması bugüne kadar yüzlerce patlama ve yangına sebebiyet vermiştir. Bu patlama ve yangınlar ciddi can ve mal kayıplarına yol açabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada metan gazının kontrol altında tutulmasını sağlayan mobil bir robot geliştirmek, böylece ülkemizde metan gazı kaynaklı olası patlamaların önüne geçmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ortamdaki metan yoğunluğunu ölçerek patlama koşullarını önceden tespit eden ve patlama gerçekleşmeden gerekli birimlere durumu bildiren bir robot tasarlanmış ve üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada gaz tespitinden farklı olarak özellikle metan gazının kontrolü üzerine odaklanılmış, robotun tasarımı metan gazının karşılaşıldığı ortamlarda kullanılmaya uygun şekilde yapılmıştır. Olası yangın durumlarında robotun deformasyona uğrama süresini uzatmak adına gövdesi 310 çelik sacdan üretilmiş ve iç yüzeyine seramik fiber ile yalıtım işlemi uygulanmıştır.
تحليل جغرافي سياسي لجائحة كارونا وعلاقتها باقتصاديات الدول المملكة العربية السعودية وقطر نموذجاﹰ
Authors: سعدون علي
Published: April 2022

بمطلع عام 2020 عاش العالم ازمة جديدة في ظل انتشار جائحة كارونا COVID-19 ، اذ انطلقت الشرارة الاولى للجائحة من ثاني اكبر الاقتصاديات العالمية ومحرك النمو الاقتصادي العالمي وهو الاقتصاد الصيني وما نتجه عنها من تأثيرات اقتصادية واسعة النطاق على الاقتصاد العالمي بكافة جوانبه كانهيار البورصات العالمية وانخفاض اسعار النفط في الاسواق العالمية بشكل لم يسبق له مثيل رغم المحطات التاريخية التي مرت على تذبذب اسعار النفط العالمية ، واغلاق تام لأغلبية الشركات والاسواق العالمية والقطاعات اقتصادية المختلفة كالسياحة والطيران والتجارة  وفرض الحظر الكلي أو الجزئي على انتقالات الأفراد لمنع انتشار الفايروس ، كان الهدف من الدراسة التعرف على اهم التحديات والاثار السلبية الاقتصادية التي واجهت المملكة العربية السعودية ودولة قطر في ظل جائحة كارونا ، وقد انطلقت هذه الدراسة بجملة من الفرضيات اهمها حصول بعض التداعيات الاقتصادية على المملكة العربية السعودية  ودولة قطر نتيجة انخفاض اسعار النفط باعتباره يمثل المورد الاساسي لهذه الدول ، وتوصلت الدراسة الى جملة من النتائج اهمها ان الاقتصاد السعودي والقطري يواجهان تحديان جوهريان في ان واحد كما هو الحال في الاقتصادات الريعية وهي انتشار جائحة كارونا  COVID 19والانخفاض الحاد في اسعار النفط العالمية الدول المنتجة ومنها المملكة العربية السعودية ودولة قطر، اذ بلغت إجمالي الإيرادات الفعلية بنحو)  728 ) مليار ريال  بانخفاض عن الميزانية المعتمدة والبالغة( 833) مليار ريال عام 2020 في المملكة العربية السعودية ،اما دولة قطر ففي عام 2019 بلغ إجمالي الإيرادات الفعلية بموازنتها نحو) 217) مليار ريال انخفض عام 2020 الى نحو ) 171,2) مليار ريال بسبب جائحة كارونا وانخفاض اسعار النفط فقد بلغ سعر برميل النفط عالمياﹰ بنحو (55)  دولار في شهر فبراير (الثاني ) عام 2020 انحدرت الى ادنى مستوياتها في شهر ( الرابع ) اذ بلغت نحو ( 17,7) دولار للبرميل من العام نفسه، وقد استخدم الباحث المنهج التحليلي الذي يقوم بتحليل قوة الدولة من الناحية الجغرافية والاقتصادية وتأثير ظاهرة جائحة كورونا COVID-19 وتداعياته الاقتصادية على المملكة العربية السعودية ودولة قطر.
23 TEMMUZ HÜRRİYET BAYRAMI VE TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ’NİN İLK YILLARINDAKİ YANSIMALARI (1909-1935)
Authors: YÜMLÜ Murat
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışma dini bayramların dışında anlam ve önem kazanan ulusal bayramlar arasında ilk niteliğini taşıyan 23 Temmuz Hürriyet Bayramı’nın Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk yıllarına yansımalarını konu almaktadır. Dini bayramlar arasında Ramazan ve Kurban bayramları (Iyd-ı Fitr ve Iyd-ı Adha) ve gayrımüslimlerin kutladığı bayram örnekleri yer almıştır. Çalışmada ulusçuluk düşüncesinin yansımaları ışığında Cumhuriyet’in ilanı sonrasında bayramın kutlanma biçimleri incelenmektedir. Çalışmada bu kutlanma biçimlerine bakarak dönemlere göre zihniyet tarihi çözümlemelerinin yapılması gerekliliği vurgulanmaktadır. II. Meşrutiyet’in ilanını takip eden süreçte ulusal bayramın temel yapı taşlarının Cumhuriyet dönemine yansımaları ve genç Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk yıllarındaki kutlama biçimleri ulus-devletin kimlik çerçevesini oluşturan ulusal kimlik ve kültür incelemeleri açısından önem taşımıştır. Böylece kısa ve özlü bir taslak ışığında çalışmada Türkiye’de Anayasa’nın ulusal kutlama günü olarak 23 Temmuz Hürriyet Bayramının kutlanmaya başlaması, bayramları etkileyen içsel ve dışsal dinamikler ve bayramların Cumhuriyet’in çağdaşlık vizyonunu belirleyen Atatürk ilke ve devrimleri karşısındaki konumu ele alınmaktadır.
Konstruksi Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah Berbasis Pancasila
Authors: Bararoh Tantri
Published: April 2022

Pada akhir pengantar ini, kami berharap para pembaca mendapatkan untaian mutiara hikmah pembelajaran yang disampaikan oleh penulis. Bagaimana sistem pengelolaan keuangan daerah berbasis Marhaenisme ini mampu dilaksanakan secara lebih efektif dan efisien tanpa adanya praktik kolusi dan korupsi karena mengandung nilai-nilai moral dan spiritual. Dengan demikian harapan para pengambil kebijakan untuk keberpihakan kepada “wong cilik” melalui pemberdayaan ekomomi rakyat dapat mewujud.
Comparison of Splenectomy Indications According to Clinicopathological Variables
Authors: KALAYCI Tolga , YENİ Mustafa
Published: April 2022

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative differences in patients who underwent splenectomy for benign and malignant diseases.

Materials and Methods: Adult patients (18 years and older) who underwent splenectomy in a tertiary health center between January 2015 and January 2021 were searched retrospectively. The patients were divided into two main indication groups: patients who underwent splenectomy for benign diseases (n=35) and patients who underwent splenectomy during malignancy surgery (n=45). In addition, benign indications were also divided into three subgroups. Clinicopathological variables obtained from the patients' medical records were compared between both main groups and subgroups.

Results: The mean age of 80 patients who met the study criteria was 53.47±18.28 (18-86), and 44 patients (55%) were female. The mean age of the patients, laparoscopic surgery rate, elective surgery rate, postoperative complication rate, need for erythrocyte suspension and fresh frozen plasma, length of hospital stay and length of stay in the intensive care unit were higher in the malignancy group. In addition, splenectomy cases due to malignancy were proportionally higher in recent years. Another important result of the study was that traumatic splenectomies require longer hospitalization, and the management of these patients' clinics is more difficult than other benign splenectomy causes.

Conclusion: Among all splenectomy cases, malignant splenectomy cases and benign splenectomy cases who underwent traumatic splenectomy are difficult to manage because of longer hospital stay, more need for blood products, and high morbidity rates.
Sigara ve Renklendirici İçeceklerin Mine-Dentin Kompleksinin Rengi ve Refraktif İndeksi Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: DEĞİRMENCİ Alperen , KARA Emine
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı sigara, çay, kahve, kola ve yapay tükürüğe maruz bırakılan mine-dentin kompleksinde meydana gelen refraktif indeks ve renk değişiminin incelenmesidir.
Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya sadece periodontal nedenler ile çekimi gerçekleştirilen 50 adet maksiller santral dahil edildi. Dişlerin labial yüzlerine dokunulmadan ve kron formu korunarak 2 mm’lik mine-dentin kompleksi haline getirildi. Dişler, rastgele bir şekilde 5 gruba ayrıldı; Kontrol, Çay, Kahve, Kola ve Sigara (n=10). Renk ölçümleri için spektrofotometre, kırılma indisi ölçümleri için abbe refraktometre kullanıldı. Numuneler 48 saat boyunca 37°C’de içeceklere maruz bırakıldı. Sigara grubunda ise 10 dakika boyunca sigara dumanına maruz bırakıldı. Sigara dumanı için özel bir makine tasarlandı. Normal dağılan verilerin karşılaştırılmasında Welch testi kullanıldı ve çoklu karşılaştırmalar Tamhane’s T2 testleriyle gerçekleştirildi. Normal dağılmayan verilerin karşılaştırılmasında Kruskal Wallis testi kullanıldı ve çoklu karşılaştırmalar Dunn testiyle incelendi. Normal dağılmayan veriler arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesinde Spearman’s rho korelasyon katsayısı kullanıldı. Önem düzeyi P <0,05 olarak alındı.
Bulgular: Welch testi sonuçlarına göre maruz bırakılan sigara ya da içeceğe bağlı olarak mine-dentin kompleksinin ∆E değerinde istatistiksel seviyede anlamlı bir farklılık gözlemlenmiştir (P <0,001). En yüksek medyan değeri 14,540 ile kola grubunda tespit edilmiştir. Bunu sırasıyla sigara, çay ve kahve grupları izlemiştir. Maruziyet öncesi örneklerin başlangıç refraktif indeksini ifade eden RI1 değerinini ortalaması gruplara göre istatistiksel bir fark sergilememiştir (P =0,051). Bununla birlikte maruziyet sonrası ölçülen RI2 değerleri arasında önemli bir fark tespit edilmiştir (P <0,001).
Sonuç: Değerlendirilen ajanların içerisinde mine-dentin kompleksinde en fazla renk değişimine ve en fazla refraktif indeks düşüşüne sebep olan en düşük pH ya sahip olan koladır.
Hochschulische Planungsprozesse
Authors: Rabacher Gerald , Schopper Monika
Published: April 2022

Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit Entwicklungsmaßnahmen und Handlungsmöglichkeiten im Gefüge zukünftiger hochschulischer Planungsprozesse. Futures Literacy – nach Angaben der UNESCO eine bedeutende Kompetenz des 21. Jahrhunderts – spiegelt sich in organisationaler Hinsicht als Vorwegnahme von Strukturentwicklungen wider. Struktur schafft Rahmenbedingungen innerhalb derer gesellschaftliche Bedeutungsräume für professionelle Handlungsmöglichkeiten entstehen. Dazu liefert Giddens (1984, 1988) mit seiner Sozialtheorie und der darin thematisierten „Dualität von Handlung und Struktur“ die theoretische Grundlage. Professionelles Handeln von Lehrenden an Pädagogischen Hochschulen findet in besonderer Weise Ausdruck in lehrenden und forschenden Formaten. Ergänzend sind in diesem Kontext auch planerische, kooperative, administrative und evaluierende Handlungsfelder notwendig, damit befriedigende und erfolgreiche Begegnungen in Bezug auf selbst- und fremdgestellte Anforderungen möglich sind. Wo finden sich Lehrende von Hochschulen in einem Handlungs-Struktur-Geflecht? Was wird unter Strukturen im Zuge hochschulischer Planungsprozesse verstanden? Diese und andere Fragen begleiten Analyse, Prozess und Weiterentwicklung einer hochschulischen Lehrplanung.
Results of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Surgery among Patients with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Zulfiqar Farrukh , Rehmani Muhammad Asim Khan , Shibli Zaheen , Zeeshan Qazi Muhammad , Kumar Ramesh , Ali Muhammad Faaiq
Published: April 2022

Objective: An evaluation of the outcomes and risk factors for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus patients treated with Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt Methods: The retrospective analysis of 72 patients who were hospitalized to our institution and diagnosed with suspected idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) were included. All of the patients in this research had VP-shunt surgery with a programmable valve, and their results were evaluated six months and two years following surgery, respectively, by means of the modified Rankin scale (mRS) and the Krauss index. Both multivariate and univariate regression analysis were used to recognize the factors of prognosis. Results: 54 men and 18 women were among the 72 patients with probable iNPH, with an average age of 70.4 ± 7.2 years. Symptoms lasted an average of 22.5±17.9 months. In the majority of patients, gait imbalance was the most prevalent presenting symptom. 90.3 percent of patients reported gait imbalance, urinary incontinence in 66.6%, and 52.7 percent had cognitive impairment. 126.8± 37.2 mm H2O was the average lumbar opening pressure. During shunt implantation, the initial pressure of the valve was determined depending on the surgeon's preference and lumbar opening pressure. The average starting valve pressure was 94.80± 21.88 mm H2O. Six months following surgery, 58 percent of the 72 patients improved their mRS scores, with 60 percent improving one step and 15.7 percent improving two steps. At 6 months after surgery, the proportion of subjects who were able to live independently (mRS score 1–2) augmented from 55.5 to 86.1 percent. The Krauss index after two years was 0.55 ± 0.29; 21 (65.2%) subjects had an index >0.5 and 68.1% of 38 patients were living independently (mRS 0–2). Particularly, at 6-month and 2-year results later to VP-shunt surgery did not vary substantially (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with iNPH who underwent VP-shunts reported that their surgical therapy was well tolerated. The majority of patients reported a reduction in the severity of their preoperative symptoms. Patients with iNPH should be evaluated for the presence of several parallel co-morbidities, which must be regarded as unfavourable factor of prognosis. Keywords: comorbidities, prognostic factors, normal pressure hydrocephalus, outcomes, ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Selected Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from High Vaginal Swab
Authors: Hassan Zaidi Syed Zahoor Ul , Mahmood Arshad , Qasim Khan Syed Muhammad , Khan Malook , Irshad Kiran , Islam Roohul , Irshad Awan Muhammad Junaid , Zaidi Syed Saoud , Naseem Uroosa , Khan Asmat Ullah
Published: April 2022

The study determines the prevalence and resistance among pathogenic bacteria against used antibiotics. The isolates were identified biochemically and subjected to antibiotic sensitivity using disk-diffusion method. A total of 210 bacterial isolates were tested, 175 (83.3%) were reported positive whereas 35 (16.6%) were found negative for HVS. The isolates were initially identified on colonies morphology and later via biochemical tests. The gram positive bacteria isolates i,e Staphylococcus aureus was found 48 (23.3%), followed by lactobacillus and least value belonged to Staphylococcus epidermidis i.e, 7 (3.3%). While gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli were 56 (26.6%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 36 (17.14%) and least value was of Proteus vulgaris. i.e, 7 (3.3%). All the isolates were subjected to antibiotics susceptibility testing. At least six antibiotics were shown to be resistant in bacterial isolates. Antibiotic resistance was found in considerable abundance in the clinical isolates, according to the findings. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and surveillance are essential on a regular basis to avoid treatment failure and the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
Treatment of Duodenal Atresia with Kimura’s Diamond-Shaped-Duodeno-Duodenostomy (DSD)
Authors: Hussain Abid , Rehman Abdul , Butt Tahir Mahmood , Khan Jehangir , Chaudhry Abid Rafique , Khan Muhammad Daraz
Published: April 2022

Background: Kimura’s diamond shaped duodeno-duodenostomy (DSD) is a well-recognized treatment for the management of duodenal atresia. Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine and share the experience of diamond shaped duodeno-duodenostomy and an overview of the benefits of this procedure. Place and Duration: In the Pediatric Surgery department of Govt. Sardar Begum Teaching Hospital Sialkot and Bacha Khan Medical Complex Swabi for five and half years from January 2016 to November 2021. METHODS: 42 neonates were surgically treated for duodenal atresia by Kimura’s technique. The transverse incision was given in the proximal dilated duodenum and longitudinal incision was given in the distal part of duodenum. Results: On 5th to 8 th day post-operatively, oral feeding was started (mean 6.2 days), full oral feeds were commenced between 7th to10th day (mean 9.2), peripheral intravenous fluids were discontinued 7th day to 10th day (mean 9.2), and hospital stay varies from 7th to 21st day (mean 10.8). The complications such as anastomosis leakage 1(2.4), infection 1(2.4), abnormal duodenal morphology 6(14.2) and Gastroesophageal reflux in 2(4.8) of patients. In prenatal ultrasonography of the fetus, obstruction of the duodenum was diagnosed in 31/42 (73.9%) and polyhydramnios in 19/42 (45.2%) cases. Conclusion: DSD offers a valuable technique to guard the ampulla of Vater from injury and blind loop can be avoided by this technique. The outcomes exhibited that patients of DSD attain complete per-oral nutrition in a very brief duration after surgery and subsequently the extent of hospital stay is reduced significantly.
Role of Conservative Management in the Treatment of Acute Non-Complicated Appendicitis
Authors: Nauman Fazal-E- , Ullah Inam , Hassan Muhammad , Hussain Fazal , Sadiq Muhammad Attique , Rehman Khalil Ur
Published: April 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficiency of non-operative management of acute non-complicated appendicitis in terms of cost effectiveness, as well as related morbidity and mortality. Study Design: A prospective observational research. Place and duration: In the Surgical Unit of Islam Medical College and Teaching Hospital Sialkot for one-year duration from January 2021 to December 2021. Methodology: The study included 110 patients with early acute non-complicated appendicitis who were identified by clinical history, physical, and laboratory testing. 110 patients were given intravenous antibiotics for two days, followed by oral antibiotics for seven days. A proforma was used to collect the data. Several morbidities were recognized and tracked in patients. Results: There were 72 men and 38 women, with an average age of 20 years. Right iliac fossa pain, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia were the most frequent symptoms, whereas fever, tachycardia, and rebound tenderness in the right iliac fossa were the most common signs. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. After an uneventful stay of 2 to 4 days. Patients in Group 1 (36.4 percent) who were treated conservatively had no problems and were discharged after a hospital stay of 2 to 4 days. Within four months, 5 patients (12.5%) and three patients (3%) experienced recurrence within six months. They had appendicectomies done in the traditional way. Wound infection was the sole postoperative complication in one patient (5%). Their hospital stay lasted anywhere from three to six days. Two (2.9%) patients with perforated/gangrenous appendix with appendicolith was found in Group-2 patients who had standard appendicectomy. Wound infection occurred in 4 individuals (5.7 percent), pelvic collection in 3 (4.3 percent), and subsequently small intestinal obstruction (adhesive) in two patients (2.8 percent). Their hospital stay lasted anywhere from four to nine days. Conclusion: Patients who were treated conservatively with antibiotics had minor discomfort and required fewer analgesics. Although surgery-related morbidity, death, and costs were averted, the recurrence rate was not insignificant. Keywords: Acute appendicitis, Conservative management, Recurrence
Investigation of Published Postgraduate Theses on Individuals with Down Syndrome in the Field of Sport Sciences in Turkey
Authors: Kurt Yusuf , Özcan Ümit Hadi , Aslan Burhan Aykut , Gül Abdullah
Published: April 2022

Background: Sports activities are one of the most important factors that play a role in the rehabilitation of individuals with special needs and their reintegration into society. Individuals with special needs can take the opportunity to protect and develop their existing abilities with the sports activities they participate in. In this context, studies on individuals with Down syndrome in the field of sports sciences gain more importance. Aim: The aim of this research is to examine the postgraduate theses on individuals with down syndrome in the field of sports sciences in Turkey. Methods: In the literature, review studies are generally carried out with three different methods: systematic review, traditional review and meta-analysis. This research was designed using the systematic review method. A total of 176 theses were reached as a result of the search made by scanning the keyword "Down Syndrome" between 20.03.2022 and 30.03.2022 on the database of the Turkish National Thesis Center. As a result of the first evaluation made within the framework of the inclusion criteria of the research, it was determined that 165 theses were outside the field of sports sciences and these theses were not included in the research within the scope of exclusion criteria. Within the scope of the inclusion criteria of the study, it was determined that there were 11 postgraduate theses and these theses were grouped as the theses suitable for the purpose of the research and included in the research. Results: Physical activity, exercise and games improve motor skills of individuals with Down syndrome. The happiness and anxiety levels of parents who participate in practices such as physical activity and exercise increase. Practices such as physical activity and exercise positively affect the psychomotor, cognitive and social development of individuals with Down syndrome. Sportive performance parameters of individuals with Down syndrome vary according to characteristics such as age, height, and gender. Recreational activities in special education and rehabilitation centers positively affect the health, perception and self-behavior levels of children with Down syndrome. Therapeutic recreational activities positively affect the socialization of individuals with Down syndrome. Conclusion: As a result, it can be said that participation physical activities can positively affect the cognitive, affective and physical levels of individuals with Down syndrome. Keywords: Down Syndrome, Sports Sciences, Individuals with Special Needs
Theoretical Difference and the Significance of Experimental Setting in Nursing Education
Authors: John Saira , Farooq Noor Ul Ain
Published: April 2022

Aim: The medical classroom management has been validated as an important component of a nursing curriculum, providing learners with different learning knowledge in which classroom philosophy in addition abilities are pushed to limit in real-life scenarios. Methods: This researcher used a mixed qualitative cross-sectional methodology that lasted a year, from October 2020 to September 2021. Topics were readily chosen from among the accessible students in the Lahore’s six primary health centers. Results: According to the data, the majority of students (58.4 percent) remained enrolled in senior stage of program. Here seemed to be clear consensus (Mean 4.6, t = 9.2) among student nurses concerning the function of environment accessibility in narrowing the hypothesis gap, with the procedure of orientation to the site of training capturing the highest score (mean= 5.8, 79 percent). From the other hand, the survey found high borderline disagreement (4.6, 69 percent) concerning the presence of simulated labs at nursing colleges, which may represent the existing decreased existence of simulator in several nursing institutions in Lahore. Conclusion: There is really no doubt that the discrepancy occurrence exists and has advantages and disadvantages that may then remain enhanced through harmonizing theoretical nursing method only through patient care methodology and providing chances for both medical teachers also students to collaborate in the somewhat extra creative medical setting. Keywords: medical classroom management, real-life scenarios, nursing education.
Screening of Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Properties of Recombinant pQE-HAS113 Clone Derived from Streptococcus Equi
Authors: Mohaini Mohammed Al , Farid Arshad , Alsalman Abdulkhaliq J. , Hawaj Maitham A. Al , Alhashem Yousef N. , Ghazanfar Shakira , Muzammal Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Hashim , Dadrasnia Arezoo , Ismail Salmah
Published: April 2022

Objective: Streptococcus equi has been identified to contain the hyaluronan synthase gene (HAS), which could have a role in the cell proliferation activity. The objective of this research was to determine anticancer properties of HAS113 recombinant clone. Methodology: The intracellular and extracellular portions of the expressed gene products of pQE-HAS113 were harvested and evaluate for anticancer properties against prostate cancer cell (PC3) and breast cancer cell (MCF-7). To evaluate anti-proliferative properties of pQE-HAS113, two assays were carried out: MTT assay, which was used for assessing percent cell inhibition and apoptosis assay, through the AO/EB stain of living, apoptotic, as well as necrotic cells. For evaluation of the immunomodulatory properties of pQE-HAS113 on RAW264.7 in terms of IL-6, IFN-γ & IL-8 expression, flow cytometry examination was done. The harvested intracellular and extracellular portions of pQE-HAS113 were tested. Results: The results indicated that the percentage proliferation of both the prostate cancer and breast cancer cells were 2.1% and 7.2% respectively against the intracellular portions of pQE-HAS113. While in case of the extracellular portions of pQE-HAS113 the proliferation rate of both the prostate cancer and breast cancer cells were 6.5% and 6.7% respectively. The PQE-HAS113 intracellular clone gene has shown proinflammatory activity by stimulating the expression of IL-6, INF-γ, & IL-8 in the RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Conclusion: Thus, the results from the present study indicated that the expressed product of recombinant clone of HAS 113, pQE-HAS113 has potential to be used as anti-proliferative and apoptosis inducing substance for prostate and breast cancer. Keywords: Streptococcus equi; breast cancer; cell proliferation; apoptosis ass
Level of Awareness Regarding COVID-19 Among Laborers, Maintenance and Sanitary workers
Authors: Ullah Himayat , Mustafa Ghulam , Ashraf Muhammad , Ali Niaz , Shabbir Muhammad , Nasrallah Yasser Salem , Hussain Shabir
Published: April 2022

Background: COVID-19 is a global pandemic and the most serious health issue worldwide now a day. There is a lot of research going on regarding this issue. Many sectors of the community are focussed but some are still not properly approached like those with poor socioeconomic status, with high exposure to the community. This study was aimed at one of such group i.e., labourers, maintenance and sanitary workers. Methodology: It was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. The questionnaire contained multiple choice questions based on simple laymen knowledge regarding covid-19. The sampling technique was non-probability consecutive sampling. The sample size (169) and the questionnaire were filled in by the one health professional in face-to-face interview. Results: Total 169 participants, all males, were included in this study. The age range was 18-60 years (median 36 years). Most of the participants were sanitary workers (89.9%) with a major chunk from Bangladesh (82.8%) followed by India (15.4%). The level of awareness was considered good, average and poor with more than 20 (80%), 15 to 20 (58- 79%), and less than 15 (54%) correct replies, respectively. Only 35 participants (20.7%) ranked as good while 110(65.1%) had average and 24(14.2%) had poor knowledge. Conclusion: The level of awareness among labour class of the society is quite low. Educating them regarding COVID-19 is very important in order to control this pandemic. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Awareness, Prevention
Frequency of Common Hematological Diseases in Paediatric Patients Presenting with Clinical Features Indicative of Bone Marrow Examination
Authors: Abbas Sumira , Khan Saba , Shah Mian Mufarih , Basir Sidra , Khan Shah Taj
Published: April 2022

Background: Haematological disorders are quite common in children. Bone marrow examination is a very important investigation for the diagnosis of many haematological and non haematological diseases. Objective: To determine the frequency of common hematological diseases in paediatric patients presenting with clinical features underling on biopsy. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study carried out at Hematology Department Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from 19th Feb to 19th Aug 2018. A thorough relevant history was collected, and a clinical examination was performed. All haematological parameters were documented. Blood counts were carried out using an automated haematology analyzer. May – Grunwald Geimsa and Sudan Black B were used to stain peripheral blood and bone marrow smears, while haematoxylin and eosin was used to stain trephine biopsies. Exclusion criteria were used to compensate for confounding variables and bias. Results: A total of 290 patients were enrolled in this study. The range of age was between 2 months -15 years, with an average age of 8 years. Among 290 patients 211 (72.75%) male and 79 (27.24%) were female. 154 (53.10%) patients were in 2-8 years age group whereas 136 (46.89%) patients in 9-15 years age group. As per common hematological diseases, 72 (24.82%) patients were having megaloblatic anemia, 42 (14.48%) patients were having aplastic anemia, and 74 (25.51%) patients were having leukemia. Stratification of common hematological diseases with respect to age, gender and duration of disease are recorded. Conclusions: Leukemia is the commonest haematological disorder followed by megaloblastic anemia and aplastic anemia. Keywords: Bone marrow Examination, Leukemia, Megaloblastic anemia, Aplastic Anemia
Relationship between Narcissism, Body Image and Instagram Usage
Authors: Younas Mubara , Bilal Ahmed , Imran Hifza , Naqvi Ghuncha , Babar Ifzonia , Tariq Amina
Published: April 2022

Aim: To investigate the relationship between narcissism and body image with Instagram usage. Methodology: This cross-sectional research study was conducted in three Universities of Lahore; The university of Lahore, University of Management and Technology, and University of Central Punjab. 200 university students were taken including 100 females and 100 males. age, gender. Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16, Body appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2), Motive for Instagram use were employed, their age, education, birth order, economic status and student’s qualification were used. Results: The results showed that there was a positive significant relationship between narcissism and body image. More results also revealed a positive relationship regarding narcissism and the usage of Instagram. Conclusion: Narcissism and body image are correlated that means the individuals who have narcissist features, they mentor themselves and have self-image, self-concept, self-perception and outer appearance in their mind and they spend more time on Instagram and are more concerned about their physical appearance. Keywords: Narcissism, Body image, Instagram usage
Sign and Symptom of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Associated Parafuncion Habits in Young Adults
Authors: Malik Wajiha , Malik Sadaf , Shakir Sheema , Khan Asifullah , Qadeer Amra , Malik Waqar
Published: April 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint diseases and parafunctional habits contributing to TMD. Method: Using a structured proforma and questionnaire data was collected from 162 subjects to determine signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint diseases and associated parafunctional habits contributing to TMD. Results: The results showed that most frequent reporting sign was painful TMJ(61.4% females)and (56.96% males)while least frequent sign was deviation of mandibular movement representing(24.09% and 26.58%) neck stiffness(26.0%and 22.7%)and mandibular deviation(24.09%and 26.58%).clicking and clenching was reported to be 49.39% and 42.16% in females and 39.24%and 40.50% in males respectively. The percentage distribution of headache was noted to be 42.16% in females and 40.50% in males. while 60.24% females and 44.30% males reported themselves to be stressed or tense. Painful muscles were however reported by 33.73% females and 27.84% males. Lip and cheek biting /chewing gums was the most common parafunctional habit(41.97%)with females significantly more than males, followed by nail biting and bruxism(15.43% and 14.19%).Thumb sucking was found to be present in 4.9% of individuals. However 23.45% reported themselves to be free of any habit. Conclusion: The study has shown that TMD remains largely undiagnosed in our general population and it can be related very well with anxiety, headache and bad lifestyle habits. Keywords: Temporomandibualr joint disorder(TMD), Sign and Symptoms, Parafunction
“Association of Parental Education with Frequency of Dental Caries in Mal-Occluded Teeth among 3 11 Years old Children”
Authors: Haidar Adeel , Shafique Hira , Shaikh Gul Muhammad , Munawar Mehwish , Rehman Attique Ur , Azfar Muhammad Waheed , Tariq Amina
Published: April 2022

Objective: The study aimed to explore the association of parental education with frequency of dental caries in mal-occluded teeth among 3- 11 years old children Method: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at Dental hospital of Institute of dentistry of a tertiary care hospital of Lahore. Data was collected from 250 patients having dental caries with mal-occluded teeth using purposive sampling technique. For data analysis SPSS version 25.0 was used. For gender and educational categories, frequency and percentages were calculated whereas to explore the impact of parental education on the occurrence of dental caries among children of 3-11years with dental malocclusion, chi-square was used. Result: Results of chi-square revealed that parental education has a significant impact on dental caries occurrence among children having maloccluded teeth (P=0.037). 30(71.43%) children with maloccluded teeth has dental caries parents of whom were having post-graduation degree. 68(66.67%) children with maloccluded teeth has dental caries parents of whom were having graduation degree. 28(70%) children with maloccluded teeth has dental caries parents of whom were diploma holders. 6(50%) of children with maloccluded teeth has dental caries parents of whom were having high school education. Only 37(75%) children with maloccluded teeth has dental caries whose parents had education till middle school. 1(11.11%) children with maloccluded teeth has dental caries whose parents had education till primary school whereas 10(100%) children with maloccluded teeth has dental caries whose parents were illiterate. Conclusion: Oral health of children needs additional attention by introducing more programs dealing with oral health preventive measures which will be helpful in reducing the prevalence of dental caries. Keywords: Dental caries, Malocclusion, School children, Parental education
Changes in Liver Function Tests after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Sheheryar , Saleem Mohiuddin , Ain Qurat Ul
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has developed to be the typical treatment for benign diseases of the gallbladder. Though, it was observed that the serum levels of some liver enzymes increased significantly after LC in patients with normal preoperative liver enzyme levels. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the consequence of pneumoperitoneum on serum bilirubin concentration and liver enzymes in laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared to open cholecystectomy (OC). Study Design: A prospective case-control study. Place and Duration: In the Department of Surgery of LGH, Lahore for one-year duration from November 2020 to October 2021. Methods: This analysis encompassed 80 patients treated for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 40 patients treated for open cholecystectomy as a control group in the surgical department. Blood samples were drawn 24-hours before and 24 hours later to surgery for bio-chemical studies. Results: Despite a substantial increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the postoperative period, no remarkable change in serum alkaline phosphatase was observed in the LC group in comparison to the OC group. Conclusion: It was found that the increase in liver enzymes and serum bilirubin can be accredited to the adverse effect of pneumoperitoneum on hepatic flow of blood. Although these variations do not appear to be significant clinically, caution must be exercised in determining whether to accomplish laparoscopic cholecystectomy in subjects with hepatic impairment. Keywords: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Pneumoperitoneum, Liver enzymes.
Academic Performance as A Function of Psychological Profile and Personality Type
Authors: Shehzad Sofia , Waheed Zainab , Hussain Hamid , Kabir Samir Khan , Ahmad Waleed , Alamzaib Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association and psychological profile, including depression, anxiety, stress, and personality type (Type A and Type B), with the academic performance of the medical students. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at different medical colleges in Peshawar. The data was collected from the final year students of MBBS. A total of 325 students participated in the study. Informed consent was taken from the participants. The academic performance (Success and failure) was documented through the annual result sheets of the students. Jenkin's Personality Survey Questionnaire evaluated personality types, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to assess stress, anxiety, and depression. The data was entered and analyzed on SPSS 26. Results: Out of 325 students, 199 were male, and 126 were female. Type A personality students (88.8%) had a high success percentage of academic performance as compared to Type B personality (70.7%). There was an association between Depression, Anxiety, and stress with students' academic performance. The medical students with low intensity of depression (84.4%), anxiety (84.4%), and stress (83.8%) had more success in academic performance. Conclusion: There is an association between the personality types (Type A and Type B) and psychological profile with the academic performance of the medical students. Keywords: Academic Performance (MeSH), Students (MeSH), Medical (MeSH), Personality (MeSH), Depression (MeSH)
Interprofessional Conflicts in Health: Major barrier to Quality Health Care Practice
Authors: Umar Muhammad , Marryam Misbah
Published: April 2022

Interprofessional term has a wide perspective and it includes all professionals from different specialized health departments like nursing, occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech and language pathology, social work, and other health professionals besides the physicians with different specialties1. When different professionals work in collaboration for providing quality care to the patient, it is the patient who is benefited the most; a major goal of all the health care professionals2. But unfortunately whenever health professionals work together as a team, conflict occurs. There are sometimes unnecessary arguments between different professionals for taking the lead.
Deficiency of Vitamin D and Anemia among Pakistani Children with Early Childhood Caries: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Younus Muhammad Zohaib , Shah Syed Mahmood , Mushtaque Ujala , Ali Sadaf , Khasi Anum Khan , Raza Yasir
Published: April 2022

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) are usually seen among malnourished children. Objective: The main objective of the study was to assess that the children with early-childhood caries have a higher frequency of anemia and low vitamin D as compared to controls. Material and Methods: A case-control study was conducted between 2020 and 2021. A total of 266 children were enrolled out of which 144 had early childhood caries and 122 were caries-free. Vitamin D, ferritin, and blood count tests were conducted. A questionnaire was filled out by the parents of the children. Results: The results revealed that 266 children were included in the study (ECC n= 144); the mean age was 40.8 ± 14.1 months. It was observed that those Children who had ECC had low vitamin D and hemoglobin as compared to controls. There was a significant difference between low hemoglobin (<110 g/L) and 25(OH) D < 50 nmol/L (P<0.001). Conclusion: The study showed that vitamin-D deficiency and anemia are more common among children with early childhood caries. Hence, the cause is still unknown. A complete detailed history of the diet of children with early childhood caries will help to identify the risk factors of vitamin D deficiency and anemia. Keywords: Anemia, Children, Early childhood Caries, Vitamin D
Factors Causing Non-Adherence to Lifestyle Modification in type II Diabetes Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Haque Mansoor Ul , Hussain Nazia , Bux Khuda , Ahmed Mushtaque , Thebo Asif Ali , Chandio Khushboo
Published: April 2022

Aim: To determine the factors causing non-adherence to lifestyle modification in type II diabetes patients. Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Global Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Hyderabad Pakistan from June 2020 to June 2021 Methodology: The study included 374 individuals who were more than 20 years of age and had type II diabetes for more than 1 year. Different factors which might have an association with non-adherent behavior to lifestyle modification were assessed. The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: It was observed that 88% of patients were non-adherent towards diet, 25% were towards exercises, 70% towards foot care, 6% towards smoking, and 25% towards skipping the betel quid chewing even after being instructed by the health care workers. Conclusion: Nonadherence towards lifestyle modification is quite challenging to achieve a healthy and stable lifestyle in diabetic patients. So such studies must be conducted on a larger scale to develop proper interventions. Keywords: lifestyle modifications, Prevalence, Risk factors, Type 2 diabetes