bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An exploration of arts teachers' beliefs and judgements concerning students with SEND
Authors: Thompson Beccy , Finesilver Carla , Jones Jane
Published: February 2023

There is little research addressing teachers' beliefs and judgements concerning students with identified Special Educational Needs and/or Disabilities (SEND), a group which is regularly cited as experiencing disadvantages in their schooling compared to peers. This paper draws on research which examined the beliefs and judgements of a set of arts teachers in an English secondary school regarding their students with SEND. Data were collected using observation, semi‐structured and stimulated recall interviews. Phenomenological analysis uncovered patterns of tension in these beliefs and judgements. Teachers were able to consider some of the interactions between their students' individual characteristics and the classroom environment, and the ways these might give rise to certain educational needs; they also believed their subjects were singularly inclusive in providing for diverse needs. Nonetheless, traditional systems of educational assessment significantly affected what is judged ‘successful’ learning, which teachers tended to negatively associate with SEND. We conclude that deficit thinking about the educational capacities of students with SEND underlies teachers' judgements. Nevertheless, teachers do believe there are many ways for students to participate meaningfully, articulate and demonstrate understanding in arts subjects, which have the potential to challenge traditional notions of ‘success’.
The pragmatism of continual failure: environmental policy as experimentation in China
Authors: Bruckermann Charlotte
Published: February 2023

Faced with stifling levels of airborne pollution, Chinese citizens hold the state accountable, demanding solutions through effective environmental policy. To reduce emissions, the state has set up experimental pilot carbon markets, where potential failure is cast as integral to continuing improvement. Those in charge of conceptualizing and implementing these experiments, namely carbon bureaucrats, consultants, and developers, feel their public responsibility acutely, sharpened by personal anxieties about pollution and health. But they also often perceive these carbon markets as doomed to fail, in absolute terms, in delivering decarbonization goals. Those charged with realizing carbon markets are therefore caught between, on the one hand, policy failure being folded into continual, pragmatic experimentation and, on the other, their embodied knowledge that such progressive, positively freighted failure is in fact terminal.
Chilling and Warming Effects on the Production of Legal Scholarship
Authors: Manley Stewart
Published: February 2023

How do legal scholars decide what to write about? I hope that most of us try to write about what interests us or what benefits society. In this article though, I suggest that more insidious influences chill and warm our interest in research topics. I reflect on some sources of these chilling and warming effects in my own research environment – specifically, the implicit intimidation of power and the pressure to increase publications. I never imagined that I could simultaneously be such a coward and opportunist. I also look to insights from psychology, sociology and other fields to understand how these influences affect us and how we might manage them. I suggest though that we not be too hard on ourselves, especially if our choices are at their foundation compatible with our personal values and those of the greater scholarly enterprise.
Stalinist political spectacle and the defeat of the opposition: The Fifteenth Congress of the Soviet Communist Party in 1927
Authors: TAKIGUCHI JUNYA
Published: February 2023

The Fifteenth Party Congress of the All‐Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) took place in December 1927. It brought to an end the inner‐Party struggle of the Soviet Communist Party by confirming the expulsion of Leon Trotsky, Gregorii Zinoviev and other oppositionists from Party and government posts. The Fifteenth Party Congress marked the domination of Iosif Stalin and his allies over the whole Party and the beginning of Stalinist politics which flourished in the following decades. Despite extensive scholarly interest in this crucial Party congress in the history of the early Soviet Union and the Soviet Communist Party, little has been studied on the organisational aspect of the Fifteenth Congress. This article examines the process of establishing the organisational and institutional mechanisms ahead of the Fifteenth Congress, which enabled Stalin and the Central Committee to unanimously affirm the correctness of the Party line. It also explores how Stalin attained legitimacy as the Party leader during the pre‐Fifteenth Congress discussion and how it was presented at the Fifteenth Congress. Furthermore, this article demonstrates how the ‘memory’ of the Fifteenth Congress was constructed and how the Party leaders institutionalised the meaning of the Fifteenth Congress. Through these examinations, this article will shed fresh light on the Fifteenth Congress of the Soviet Communist Party and will contribute to the study of the rise of Stalinism.
Arterial stiffness for the early prediction of pre‐eclampsia compared with blood pressure, uterine artery Doppler and angiogenic biomarkers: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Phan K. , Gomez Y. H. , Gorgui J. , El‐Messidi A. , Gagnon R. , Abenhaim H. A. , Rahme E. , Daskalopoulou S. S.
Published: February 2023

Objective

Our aim was to evaluate the ability of arterial stiffness parameters to predict pre‐eclampsia early compared with peripheral blood pressure, uterine artery Doppler and established angiogenic biomarkers.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary care antenatal clinics in Montreal, Canada.

Population

Women with singleton high‐risk pregnancies.

Methods

In the first trimester, arterial stiffness was measured by applanation tonometry, along with peripheral blood pressure and serum/plasma angiogenic biomarkers; uterine artery Doppler was measured in the second trimester. The predictive ability of different metrics was assessed through multivariate logistic regression.

Main outcome measures

Arterial stiffness (carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity, carotid‐radial pulse wave velocity) and wave reflection (augmentation index, reflected wave start time), peripheral blood pressure, ultrasound indices of velocimetry and circulating angiogenic biomarker concentrations.

Results

In this prospective study, among 191 high‐risk pregnant women, 14 (7.3%) developed pre‐eclampsia. A first‐trimester 1 m/s increase in carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with 64% increased odds (P < 0.05), and a 1‐millisecond increase in time to wave reflection with 11% decreased odds for pre‐eclampsia (P < 0.01). The area under the curve of arterial stiffness, blood pressure, ultrasound indices and angiogenic biomarkers was 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–0.92), 0.71 (95% CI 0.57–0.86), 0.58 (95% CI 0.39–0.77), and 0.64 (95% CI 0.44–0.83), respectively. With a 5% false‐positive rate, blood pressure had a sensitivity of 14% for pre‐eclampsia and arterial stiffness a sensitivity of 36%.

Conclusions

Arterial stiffness predicted pre‐eclampsia earlier and with greater ability than blood pressure, ultrasound indices or angiogenic biomarkers.
Clinical characteristics and predictors of neonatal outcomes in chorioamnionitis at term gestation: A cohort study
Authors: Berg Patricia , Granfors Michaela , Riese Charlotta , Mantel Ängla
Published: February 2023

Objective

To investigate the association between clinical and laboratory characteristics of chorioamnionitis in deliveries at term gestation with adverse neonatal outcomes.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

The study is based on data from the Swedish Pregnancy Register, enriched with clinical data extracted from medical charts.

Sample

A cohort of 500 term singleton deliveries in Stockholm County with registered diagnosis of chorioamnionitis (based on the assessment of the responsible obstetrician) in the Swedish Pregnancy Register between 2014 and 2020.

Methods

Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) as a measurement of the association between clinical and laboratory characteristics and neonatal complications.

Main outcome measures

Neonatal infection and asphyxia‐related complications.

Results

The prevalence of neonatal infection and asphyxia‐related complications was 10% and 22%, respectively. First leukocyte count in the second tertile (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.02–4.49), maximum C‐reactive protein (CRP) level in the third tertile (OR 4.01, 95% Cl 1.66–9.68) and positive cervical culture (OR 2.22, 95% Cl 1.10–4.48) were associated with an increased risk of neonatal infection. Maximum level of CRP in the third tertile (OR 1.93, 95% Cl 1.09–3.41) and fetal tachycardia (OR 1.63, 95% Cl 1.01–2.65) were associated with an increased risk of asphyxia‐related complications.

Conclusions

Elevated inflammatory laboratory markers were associated with both neonatal infection and asphyxia‐related complications, and fetal tachycardia was associated with asphyxia‐related complications. Based on these findings, the incorporation of maternal CRP in the management of chorioamnionitis should be considered, and a continuous communication between obstetric and neonatal care extending past the delivery time point endorsed.
Private rental investment and socio‐spatial disadvantage in Sydney, Australia
Authors: van den Nouwelant Ryan , Pawson Hal , Hulse Kathleen , Reynolds Margaret , Martin Chris , Randolph Bill , Herath Shanaka
Published: February 2023

This article unpacks the connection between a growing cohort of small‐scale but purposive property investors and urban socio‐spatial restructuring. We analyse private rental housing as a tenure share to demonstrate its spatial correlation with the suburbanisation of socio‐economic disadvantage in Sydney, Australia, between 1991 and 2016. Then, we show how investors drive this emerging pattern by reference to the geography of property owners’ stated investment objectives—low capital outlay, rental yields, and capital growth prospects. We contend that the link between their small‐scale activities and the city’s changing socio‐spatial structure is an overlooked consequence of private rental sector (PRS) housing financialisation. Importantly, our focus on behaviours exhibited by small‐scale rental property owners in PRS financialisation transcends existing analyses that have concentrated on corporate entity activity in this space. That focus also contrasts with framings of private rental growth as a residual outcome of developments elsewhere in the housing market. Such work is significant because it demonstrates the impacts of real estate investment on urban form.
Assessing prognostic factors correlating with response to nintedanib for connective tissue disease‐associated interstitial lung disease: A real‐world single‐center study
Authors: Kokubu Hiraku , Takeuchi Saki , Tozawa Takahisa , Hisada Satoko , Yamada Yoshihiro , Itoh Yumi , Kodera Masanari
Published: February 2023

Objective

For patients with connective tissue disease‐associated interstitial lung disease (CTD‐ILD), early medical intervention would be desirable. This study analyzed the real‐world, single‐center use of nintedanib for CTD‐ILD patients.

Methods

Patients with CTD who received nintedanib from January 2020 to July 2022 were enrolled. Medical records review and stratified analyses of the collected data were conducted.

Results

Reduction in the percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (%FVC) was seen in the elderly group (>70 years; P = .210), males (P = .027), the late group who started nintedanib >80 months after confirmation of an ILD disease activity (P = .03), the severe %DLco (diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide as a percentage of predicted) group (<40%; P = .20), the group who had extensive pulmonary fibrosis at the beginning of nintedanib (pulmonary fibrosis score >35%), and the low‐dose group (nintedanib 50‐100 mg/d; P = .40). %FVC did not decrease by >5% in the young group (<55 years), the early group who started nintedanib within 10 months after confirmation of an ILD disease activity, and the group whose pulmonary fibrosis score at the beginning of nintedanib was <35%.

Conclusion

It is important to diagnose ILD early and start antifibrotic drugs with proper timing for cases in need. It is better to start nintedanib early, especially for patients at risk (>70 years old, male, <40% DLco, and >35% areas of pulmonary fibrosis).
Cannabis use in sub‐Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Belete Habte , Mekonen Tesfa , Espinosa Dorothy C. , Ambaw Fentie , Connor Jason , Chan Gary , Hides Leanne , Hall Wayne , Leung Janni
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims

The most available data on the prevalence of cannabis use come from population surveys conducted in high‐income countries in North America, Oceania and Europe. Less is known about the prevalence of cannabis use in Africa. This systematic review aimed to summarize general population‐level cannabis use in sub‐Saharan Africa since 2010.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and AJOL databases in addition to Global Health Data Exchange and grey literature without language restriction. Search terms related to ‘substance’, ‘Substance‐Related Disorders’ and ‘Prevalence’ and ‘Africa South of the Sahara’ were used. Studies that reported cannabis use in the general population were selected, while studies from clinical populations and high‐risk groups were excluded. Prevalence data on cannabis use in the general population of adolescents (10–17 years) and adults (≥ 18 years) in sub‐Saharan Africa were extracted.

Results

The study included 53 studies for the quantitative meta‐analysis and included 13 239 participants. Among adolescents, the life‐time, 12‐month and 6‐month prevalence of cannabis use were 7.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.4–10.9%], 5.2% (95% CI = 1.7–10.3%) and 4.5% (95% CI = 3.3–5.8%), respectively. The corresponding life‐time, 12‐month and 6‐month prevalence of cannabis use among adults were 12.6% (95% CI = 6.1–21.2%), 2.2% (95% CI = 1.7–2.7%, with data only available from Tanzania and Uganda) and 4.7% (95% CI = 3.3–6.4%), respectively. The male‐to‐female life‐time cannabis use relative risk was 1.90 (95% CI = 1.25–2.98) among adolescents and 1.67 (CI = 0.63–4.39) among adults.

Conclusions

Life‐time cannabis use prevalence in sub‐Saharan Africa appears to be approximately 12% for adults and just under 8% for adolescents.
Factors influencing in‐hospital prescribing errors: A systematic review
Authors: Mahomedradja Rashudy F. , Schinkel Michiel , Sigaloff Kim C. E. , Reumerman Michael O. , Otten René H. J. , Tichelaar Jelle , van Agtmael Michiel A.
Published: February 2023

Aim

In‐hospital prescribing errors (PEs) may result in patient harm, prolonged hospitalization and hospital (re)admission. These events are associated with pressure on healthcare services and significant healthcare costs. To develop targeted interventions to prevent or reduce in‐hospital PEs, identification and understanding of facilitating and protective factors influencing in‐hospital PEs in current daily practice is necessary, adopting a Safety‐II perspective. The aim of this systematic review was to create an overview of all factors reported in the literature, both protective and facilitating, as influencing in‐hospital PEs.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE.com and the Cochrane Library (via Wiley) were searched, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) statement, for studies that identified factors influencing in‐hospital PEs. Both qualitative and quantitative study designs were included.

Results

Overall, 19 articles (6 qualitative and 13 quantitative studies) were included and 40 unique factors influencing in‐hospital PEs were identified. These factors were categorized into five domains according to the Eindhoven classification (‘organization‐related’, ‘prescriber‐related’, ‘prescription‐related’, ‘technology‐related’ and ‘unclassified’) and visualized in an Ishikawa (Fishbone) diagram. Most of the identified factors (87.5%; n = 40) facilitated in‐hospital PEs. The most frequently identified facilitating factor (39.6%; n = 19) was ‘insufficient (drug) knowledge, prescribing skills and/or experience of prescribers’.

Conclusion

The findings of this review could be used to identify points of engagement for future intervention studies and help hospitals determine how to optimize prescribing. A multifaceted intervention, targeting multiple factors might help to circumvent the complex challenge of in‐hospital PEs.
Development of literacy skills for Japanese deaf and hard‐of‐hearing children
Authors: Takahashi Noboru , Isaka Yukio , Nakamura Tomoyasu
Published: February 2023

We compared the reading development of 77 deaf and hard‐of‐hearing (DHH) Japanese children, aged 5–7 (40 females), with 139 of their hearing peers (74 females) in 2018. We assessed each group's phonological awareness (PA), grammar, vocabulary, and reading of hiragana (Japanese orthography children learn first). DHH children showed significant delays in grammar and vocabulary but only a slight delay in PA. Younger DHH children scored better than their hearing peers in reading. Although PA predicted reading for hearing children, reading predicted PA for DHH children. PA partially explained grammar skills for both groups. The results suggest educational intervention for reading acquisition should be based on not only general linguistic features but also each language's unique characteristics.
Associations between screen use, outdoor time/daylight exposure and sleep changes during the first COVID‐19 lockdown in French children from the ELFE and EPIPAGE2 birth cohorts
Authors: Kamga Fogno Alex Wilfried , Rouquette Alexandra , Gronfier Claude , Bernard Jonathan Y. , Plancoulaine Sabine ,   SAPRIS study group
Published: February 2023

Aims

To investigate associations between outdoor and screen time and changes in sleep patterns in children from two nationwide birth‐cohorts in the SAPRIS project.

Methods

During the first French COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown, volunteer parents of children enrolled in the ELFE and EPIPAGE2 birth‐cohorts completed online questions about their child's outdoor time, screen time, and changes in sleep duration and quality compared with the pre‐lockdown situation. In 5700 children (aged 8–9 years, 52% boys) with available data, we assessed associations between outdoor time, screen time, and sleep changes using multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for confounders.

Results

Children spent on average 3 h08 outdoors and 4 h34 using screens/day (3 h27 for leisure, 1 h07 for class‐work). Sleep duration increased in 36% of children and decreased in 13.4%; sleep difficulties appeared/increased in 22.5% and decreased/disappeared/remained stable in 18.3%. After adjustment, increased screen time, especially for leisure, was associated with increased and decreased sleep duration (OR(95%CI) = 1.03(1.00–1.06) and OR = 1.06(1.02–1.10), respectively). No association was observed between outdoor time and sleep changes after adjustment.

Conclusions

Our study adds evidence for the association between high leisure‐time screen time and shorter sleep time. It supports current screen guidelines for children, especially during leisure time and for those whose sleep duration is short.
The effect of therapeutic bronchoalveolar lavage in combination with glucocorticoids on children with acute exogenous lipoid pneumonia
Authors: Yang Sen , Wu Shangzhi , Xu Jiaxing , Lin Yuneng , Huang Zhanhang , Chen Xiaowen , Xu Qingyun , Chen Dehui , Lu Chengyu
Published: February 2023

Background

Exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP) is a rare disease caused by the inhalation of oily materials in the alveoli with the pathological characterization by the presence of laden‐lipid macrophages in the respiratory specimens. At present, the treatment norm for ELP has not well defined, and so the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of bronchoalveolar lavage in combination with glucocorticoids on children with ELP.

Methods and Materials

We retrospectively reviewed 17 children with a confirmed history of exogenous oily materials aspiration, admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from June 2012 to December 2021. Clinical features, blood investigations, tomographic evaluations, therapeutic bronchoalveolar lavage and glucocorticoids use were carried out at the beginning of therapy and throughout a follow‐up period.

Results

The included children are the median age of 2 years. Fever, dypnea and tachypnea were the most common symptoms. The most common radiological features were airspace consolidations (15, 93.75%). Chest CT scans showed areas of consolidation with air bronchogram (15, 93.75%), poorly defined centrilobular nodules (13, 81.25%), areas of ground‐glass attenuation (11, 68.75%) and ‘crazy‐paving’ pattern (6, 37.5%) in the both lower, right middle lung lobes. Neutrophil percentage of peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid exhibited a significantly higher than the normal range. After treatment with multiple bronchoalveolar lavages and local administration of budesonide during the hospital stay, taken by oral prednisolone (1 ~ 2 mg/kg) after discharge, all of children became asymptomatic and presented normal radiological imagings in the follow‐up period.

Conclusion

The most frequently findings in the CT scan of ELP were consolidations and ground‐glass attenuation in the both lower and right middle lung lobes. Multiple bronchoalveolar lavages in combination with oral prednisolone for children who had a confirmed history of exogenous oily substances ingestion were an efficient and safe for the clearance of oily materials from the lung and the prevention of fibrosis. This strategy contributed to reducing the damage of ELP in children patients.
Auswirkungen chirurgischer Eingriffe auf das psychosoziale Wohlbefinden von Patienten mit Hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Scholl Lisa , Schneider‐Burrus Sylke , Fritz Björn , Sabat Robert , Bechara Falk G.
Published: February 2023

Hintergrund und Zielsetzung

Hidradenitis suppurativa ist eine chronisch‐entzündliche Hauterkrankung. Je nach Schweregrad ist eine Kombination aus konservativen und chirurgischen Behandlungsoptionen notwendig. Ziel dieser Auswertung war es, die Auswirkungen chirurgischer Eingriffe auf das psychosoziale Wohlbefinden der Patienten zu untersuchen.

Patienten und Methodik

Dies ist eine prospektive, nichtinterventionelle, multizentrische Studie. Bei 481 Patienten mit Hidradenitis suppurativa wurden Anamnese, körperliche Untersuchung sowie standardisierte Befragungen, darunter die Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, der Dermatology Life Quality Index sowie der Short Form‐12 Health Survey, durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

74,2% der eingeschlossenen Patienten gaben an, sich zumindest einmal einem chirurgischen Eingriff unterzogen zu haben. 92,4% davon konnten Art und Lokalisation des Eingriffs spezifizieren. Nach Bereinigung der Störfaktoren wie Schweregrad und Krankheitsaktivität unterschieden sich die Werte der patientenbezogenen Fragebögen nicht signifikant zwischen Patientengruppen mit unterschiedlichen chirurgischen Eingriffen und der Anzahl an stattgefundenen Eingriffen. Patienten ohne chirurgischen Eingriff erzielten deutlich bessere Werte.

Schlussfolgerungen

Bei Patienten mit Hidradenitis suppurativa war ein vorheriger chirurgischer Eingriff mit schlechteren Ergebnissen in Bezug auf Angst, Depression und Lebensqualität assoziiert, was den Bedarf an psychologischer Unterstützung zeigt. Es bleibt unklar, ob die Morbidität durch chirurgische Eingriffe oder die schwerere Krankheit bei Patienten mit chirurgischen Eingriffen verantwortlich ist.
Diagnosis and surgical treatment of benign nail unit tumors
Authors: Starace Michela , Rubin Adam I. , Di Chiacchio Nilton Gioia , Pampaloni Francesca , Alessandrini Aurora , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Iorizzo Matilde
Published: February 2023

Little is known about benign non‐melanocytic nail tumors, probably due to their low pathogenicity. They are commonly misdiagnosed as inflammatory or infective diseases. They have various features, depending on the type of tumor and its location in the nail apparatus. The typical sign of a tumor is the presence of a mass and/or secondary nail changes from damaged nail structures. In particular, if a single digit is affected by a dystrophic sign or a symptom is reported without any explanation, the presence of a tumor should always be ruled out. Dermatoscopy helps to enhance visualization of the condition and in many cases supports the diagnosis. It may also assist in identifying the right place to biopsy, but it never replaces surgery.

Most common non‐melanocytic nail tumors are analyzed in this paper, including glomus tumor, exostosis, myxoid pseudocyst, acquired fibrokeratoma, onychopapilloma, onychomatricoma, superficial acral fibromyxoma and subungual keratoacanthoma.

The aim of our study is to review the main clinical and dermatoscopic characteristics of the most common benign non‐melanocytic nail tumors, to correlate them with the histopathology and to advise practitioners of the best surgical management.
Psychosocial aspects and perspectives of adult‐onset type 1 diabetes: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Due‐Christensen Mette , Bruun L. D. , Joensen L. E. , Norgaard O. , Andersen T. H.
Published: February 2023

Aim

To map existing research on psychosocial aspects of adult‐onset type 1 diabetes (T1D), including psychosocial health status, ways psychosocial aspects may affect management of T1D in everyday life, and interventions targeting management of adult‐onset T1D.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycInfo. Search results were screened with predefined eligibility criteria, followed by data extraction of the included studies. Charted data were summarized in narrative and tabular form.

Results

We included 10 reports describing nine studies from the 7302 identified in the search. All studies were conducted in Europe. Participant characteristics were missing in several studies. Five of the nine studies incorporated psychosocial aspects as the main aim of the study. Limited information on psychosocial aspects was available in the remaining studies. We identified three overarching themes related to psychosocial aspects: (1) the impact of the diagnosis on everyday life, (2) the influence of psychosocial health on metabolic levels and adaptation, and (3) provision of self‐management support.

Conclusions

Research focussing on psychosocial aspects of the adult‐onset population is scarce. Future research should involve participants across the adult life age span and from a wider geographical area. Sociodemographic information should be collected to explore different perspectives. Further exploration of suitable outcome measures considering adults' limited experience of living with the condition is needed. This would help to better understand how psychosocial aspects may affect management of T1D in everyday life and thus enable healthcare professionals to provide appropriate support to adults with new‐onset T1D.
Biomass yield in a genetically diverse Miscanthus sacchariflorus germplasm panel phenotyped at five locations in Asia, North America, and Europe
Authors: Njuguna Joyce N. , Clark Lindsay V. , Anzoua Kossonou G. , Bagmet Larisa , Chebukin Pavel , Dwiyanti Maria S. , Dzyubenko Elena , Dzyubenko Nicolay , Ghimire Bimal Kumar , Jin Xiaoli , Johnson Douglas A. , Jørgensen Uffe , Kjeldsen Jens Bonderup , Nagano Hironori , Peng Junhua , Petersen Karen Koefoed , Sabitov Andrey , Seong Eun Soo , Yamada Toshihiko , Yoo Ji Hye , Yu Chang Yeon , Zhao Hua , Long Stephen P. , Sacks Erik J.
Published: February 2023

Miscanthus is a high‐yielding bioenergy crop that is broadly adapted to temperate and tropical environments. Commercial cultivation of Miscanthus is predominantly limited to a single sterile triploid clone of Miscanthus × giganteus, a hybrid between Miscanthus sacchariflorus and M. sinensis. To expand the genetic base of M. × giganteus, the substantial diversity within its progenitor species should be used for cultivar improvement and diversification. Here, we phenotyped a diversity panel of 605 M. sacchariflorus from six previously described genetic groups and 27 M. × giganteus genotypes for dry biomass yield and 16 yield‐component traits, in field trials grown over 3 years at one subtropical location (Zhuji, China) and four temperate locations (Foulum, Denmark; Sapporo, Japan; Urbana, Illinois; and Chuncheon, South Korea). There was considerable diversity in yield and yield‐component traits among and within genetic groups of M. sacchariflorus, and across the five locations. Biomass yield of M. sacchariflorus ranged from 0.003 to 34.0 Mg ha−1 in year 3. Variation among the genetic groups was typically greater than within, so selection of genetic group should be an important first step for breeding with M. sacchariflorus. The Yangtze 2x genetic group (=ssp. lutarioriparius) of M. sacchariflorus had the tallest and thickest culms at all locations tested. Notably, the Yangtze 2x genetic group's exceptional culm length and yield potential were driven primarily by a large number of nodes (>29 nodes culm−1 average over all locations), which was consistent with the especially late flowering of this group. The S Japan 4x, the N China/Korea/Russia 4x, and the N China 2x genetic groups were also promising genetic resources for biomass yield, culm length, and culm thickness, especially for temperate environments. Culm length was the best indicator of yield potential in M. sacchariflorus. These results will inform breeders' selection of M. sacchariflorus genotypes for population improvement and adaptation to target production environments.
New Compositional and Structural Constraints on the Smithsonian Microanalytical Reference Materials: Amphiboles from Kakanui and Arenal
Authors: Liu Yujie , Yang Wenqiang , Zhang Chao , Bao Zhian , Wu Shitou , Almeev Renat R. , Ridolfi Filippo , Oberti Roberta
Published: February 2023

The amphiboles from Kakanui and Arenal are two natural minerals that have been used worldwide as microanalytical reference materials, but their compositions and crystal structures are still poorly constrained. In this paper, we report new data on H2O and trace element mass fractions and single‐crystal structural refinement of these two amphiboles. H2O mass fractions of the Kakanui and Arenal amphiboles determined via Karl‐Fischer titration are 0.92 ± 0.18 (2s) and 1.56 ± 0.22% m/m (2s), respectively; these values estimated based on crystal‐structure refinement are 0.86 and 1.46% m/m, respectively. Trace element mass fractions measured via LA‐ICP‐MS in two laboratories are in good agreement, and spots from five fragments for both Kakanui and Arenal amphiboles are generally consistent within reproducibility precision (2s). Our measurements indicate a better homogeneity for the amphiboles from Kakanui than that from Arenal. According to the latest scheme for amphibole classification and nomenclature (Hawthorne et al. 2012), the sample from Arenal is a (partially dehydrogenated) pargasite, and that from Kakanui is a kaersutite. The significant amount of oxo‐component and that CTi4+ content is strongly ordered at the M(1) site for both amphiboles indicate crystallisation under high fO2 conditions.
Vadose Zone Soil Flushing for Chromium Remediation: A Laboratory Investigation to Support Field‐scale Application
Authors: Szecsody James E. , Emerson Hilary P. , Lawter Amanda R. , Resch Charles T. , Rockhold Mark L. , Mackley Rob D. , Qafoku Nikolla P.
Published: February 2023

Cr(VI) flushing from the vadose zone to the groundwater (with subsequent Cr(VI) removal in groundwater by pump‐and‐treat system) is a promising remedial technique that has recently been used at field scale. This laboratory study was conducted to provide the technical basis to design a field soil flushing strategy. The objectives were to (1) quantify the relationship between sediment Cr(VI) and Cr(III) mass and release rates and subsequent Cr(VI) leaching; (2) investigate different methodologies to maximize Cr(VI) leaching, and (3) investigate methods to minimize leaching of remaining residual Cr. Characterization of Cr‐contaminated sediments (Hanford Site, WA) exhibited Cr(VI) showed that leach rates that were correlated to different Cr surface phases. Sediments with low leachable Cr(VI) (<2 μg/g) leached Cr rapidly, so slow infiltration of water in a single pulse was sufficient to leach most Cr. In contrast, sediments with high Cr (2 to 200 μg/g) released some Cr(VI) quickly but 10 to 50% Cr(VI) slowly (tens to hundreds of hours). Efficient unsaturated leaching of these sediments required a different infiltration strategy that includes: multiple slow leach pulses with time between flushing cycles; the use of a surfactant to increase Cr leaching from low‐permeability zones, and the use of a reductant (Na‐dithionite or Ca‐polysulfide) in the final leach water was highly effective at decreasing residual Cr leaching. This study clearly demonstrated that the methodology of basing laboratory Cr flushing on parameters such as Cr release mass and rates could be used to improve the efficiency of soil flushing at field scale.
HUME, HISTORY, AND THE USES OF SYMPATHY
Authors: SUTCLIFFE ADAM
Published: February 2023

This article focuses on the role of sympathy and antipathy in David Hume's History of England (1754–1762) in relation to the broader place of sympathy in Hume's moral philosophy. Hume, in his earlier philosophical work, argues that sympathy is a naturally occurring responsiveness to others’ feelings, similar to the resonance between musical strings. In his History, however, he carefully curates his readers’ emotional responses, inviting sympathy with figures of suffering—such as King Charles I and Mary Queen of Scots—while also, often almost simultaneously, stirring intense antipathy for those whose religious extremism he regards as socially dangerous and beyond comprehension. After first situating the emergence of Hume's theory of sympathy in its early eighteenth‐century context, this article explores in detail the techniques of sentimental management that appear across the six volumes of the History of England. The elaborate deployment of emotions in Hume's historiography is shown to be in tension both with some aspects of his philosophy of natural human sympathy and with his brief reflections on the writing of history. Hume channeled his readers’ sympathies toward particular targets and against others. A careful analysis of this usefully sheds light on the management of sympathy in modern historiography, on which Hume has had an enduring influence.
Infants' lexical comprehension and lexical anticipation abilities are closely linked in early language development
Authors: Reuter Tracy , Mazzei Carolyn , Lew‐Williams Casey , Emberson Lauren
Published: February 2023

Theories across cognitive domains propose that anticipating upcoming sensory input supports information processing. In line with this view, prior findings indicate that adults and children anticipate upcoming words during real‐time language processing, via such processes as prediction and priming. However, it is unclear if anticipatory processes are strictly an outcome of prior language development or are more entwined with language learning and development. We operationalized this theoretical question as whether developmental emergence of comprehension of lexical items occurs before or concurrently with the anticipation of these lexical items. To this end, we tested infants of ages 12, 15, 18, and 24 months (N = 67) on their abilities to comprehend and anticipate familiar nouns. In an eye‐tracking task, infants viewed pairs of images and heard sentences with either informative words (e.g., eat) that allowed them to anticipate an upcoming noun (e.g., cookie), or uninformative words (e.g., see). Findings indicated that infants' comprehension and anticipation abilities are closely linked over developmental time and within individuals. Importantly, we do not find evidence for lexical comprehension in the absence of lexical anticipation. Thus, anticipatory processes are present early in infants' second year, suggesting they are a part of language development rather than solely an outcome of it.
Differences between aquagenic and non‐aquagenic pruritus in myeloproliferative neoplasms: An observational study of 500 patients
Authors: Le Gall‐Ianotto Christelle , Ficheux Anne‐Sophie , Lippert Eric , Herbreteau Laura , Rio Laetitia , Pan‐Petesch Brigitte , Misery Laurent , Ianotto Jean‐Christophe
Published: February 2023

Background

Pruritus is a frequent symptom experienced by patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Aquagenic pruritus (AP) is the most common type. The Myeloproliferative Neoplasm‐Symptom Assessment Form Total Symptom Score (MPN‐SAF TSS) self‐report questionnaires were distributed to MPN patients before consultations.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess clinical incidence (phenotypical evolution and response to treatment) of pruritus, especially AP, in MPN patients during their follow‐ups.

Patients and Methods

We collected 1444 questionnaires from 504 patients [54.4% essential thrombocythaemia (ET) patients, 37.7% polycythaemia vera (PV) patients, and 7.9% primary myelofibrosis (PMF) patients].

Results

Pruritus was reported by 49.8% of the patients, including 44.6% of AP patients, regardless of type of MPN or driver mutations. Patients suffering from pruritus were more symptomatic and had a higher rate of evolution into myelofibrosis/acute myeloid leukaemia (19.5% vs. 9.1%, OR = 2.42 [1.39; 4.32],p = 0.0009) than MPN patients without pruritus. Patients with AP had the highest pruritus intensity values (p = 0.008) and a higher rate of evolution (25.9% vs. 14.4%,p = 0.025, OR = 2.07) than patients with non‐AP. Disappearance of pruritus was observed in only 16.7% of AP cases, compared to 31.7% of cases with other types of pruritus (p < 0.0001). Ruxolitinib and hydroxyurea were the most effective drugs to reduce AP intensity.

Conclusions

In this study, we demonstrate the global incidence of pruritus across all MPN. Pruritus, especially AP, which is a major constitutional symptom observed in MPN, should be assessed in all MPN patients due to higher symptom burden and higher risk of evolution.
Toxicity of common biocides used in aquaculture to embryos and larvae of Brachymystax tsinlingensis Li
Authors: Guo Xing‐chen , Chu Zhi‐peng , Song Rong‐qun , Wang Zhen‐lu , Li Rui‐jiao , Xiong Dong‐mei , Zhang Mu‐zi , Jiang Hai‐bo , Shao Jian
Published: February 2023

Brachymystax tsinlingensis Li is a threatened fish species endemic to China. With the problems of environmental factors and seeding breeding diseases, it is important to further improve the efficiency of seeding breeding and the basis of resource protection. This study investigated the acute toxicity of copper, zinc and methylene blue (MB) on hatching, survival, morphology, heart rate (HR) and stress behaviour of B. tsinlingensis. Eggs (diameter: 3.86 ± 0.07 mm, weight: 0.032 ± 0.004 g) of B. tsinlingensis were selected randomly from artificial propagation and developed from eye‐pigmentation‐stage embryos to yolk‐sac stage larvae (length: 12.40 ± 0.02 mm, weight: 0.03 ± 0.001 g) and exposed to different concentrations of Cu, Zn and MB for 144 h in a series of semi‐static toxicity tests. The acute toxicity tests indicated that the 96‐h median lethal concentration (LC50) values of the embryos and larvae were 1.71 and 0.22 mg l−1 for copper and 2.57 and 2.72 mg l−1 for zinc, respectively, whereas the MB LC50 after 144‐h exposure for embryos and larvae were 67.88 and 17.81 mg l−1, respectively. The safe concentrations of copper, zinc and MB were 0.17, 0.77 and 6.79 mg l−1 for embryos and 0.03, 0.03 and 1.78 mg l−1 for larvae, respectively. Copper, zinc and MB treatments with concentrations greater than 1.60, 2.00 and 60.00 mg l−1, respectively, led to a significantly low hatching rate and significantly high embryo mortality (P < 0.05), and copper and MB treatments with concentrations greater than 0.2 and 20 mg l−1 led to significantly high larvae mortality (P < 0.05). Exposure to copper, zinc and MB resulted in developmental defects, including spinal curvature, tail deformity, vascular system anomalies and discolouration. Moreover, copper exposure significantly reduced the HR of larvae (P < 0.05). The embryos exhibited an obvious change in behaviour, converting from the normal behaviour of emerging from the membrane head first to emerging tail first, with probabilities of 34.82%, 14.81% and 49.07% under copper, zinc and MB treatments, respectively. The results demonstrated that the sensitivity of yolk‐sac larvae to copper and MB was significantly higher than that of embryos (P < 0.05) and that B. tsinlingensis embryos or larvae might be more resistant to copper, zinc and MB than other members of the Salmonidae family, which benefits their resource protection and restoration.
Toward an improved estimation of flood frequency statistics from simulated flows
Authors: Hu Lanxin , Nikolopoulos Efthymios I. , Marra Francesco , Anagnostou Emmanouil N.
Published: February 2023

The estimation of extreme flood frequency for ungauged or poorly gauged catchments is a longstanding problem of great practical importance. Simulated streamflow derived from distributed hydrological models can be used to address this issue, but their representation of extreme flood peaks is often prone to large biases. This study evaluates the potential of a nonasymptotic statistical approach able to consider all the independent flood peaks instead of extremes only, the Simplified Metastatistical Extreme Value (SMEV), for the estimation of extreme flood frequency from time series of simulated streamflow. We examined 28 years of simulated daily streamflow across the contiguous United States and compared SMEV to traditional statistical models based on annual maxima. Our results suggest that when its assumptions are met SMEV can moderate the impact of hydrological model biases in the quantification of extreme flood frequency. SMEV exhibits a lower relative difference between quantiles derived from observations and simulations for all return periods and forcing dataset. Quantiles estimated from simulated streamflow time series (28‐year records) using SMEV are usually in better agreement with the estimates based on 70‐year‐long observations. Geographical variations in the results of SMEV are noticed, with a better performance of SMEV in the east and west coasts (California, New England, and Mid‐Atlantic) and in the southwestern regions (Texas‐Gulf). These results indicate that the potential of SMEV for flood frequency analyses in ungauged and poorly gauged basins deserves further investigations.
Recent insights into green antimicrobial packaging towards food safety reinforcement: A review
Authors: Manzoor Arshied , Khan Sadeeya , Dar Aamir Hussain , Pandey Vinay Kumar , Shams Rafeeya , Ahmad Saghir , Jeevarathinam G. , Kumar Manoj , Singh Punit , Pandiselvam R.
Published: February 2023

Food packaging is widely used method of food preservation around the world. It is an element that enhances the quality and food product safety. The primary function of packaging is to protect food from contamination, undesirable chemical reactions and to provide physical protection. Food spoilage caused by food‐borne pathogens and microbes is increasing tremendously posing an enormous threat. In the field of food packaging, new biodegradable and natural antimicrobial agents from plants and animals are gaining popularity. Recent foodborne outbreaks have prompted more creative and safe ways to initiate efficient packaging systems in food industries. However, as consumer demand for natural food ingredients has grown as a result of increasing safety and availability, natural substances are thought to be safer. Antimicrobial packaging that incorporates natural antimicrobials is thus a viable active packaging innovation. One possibility for increasing the safety and quality of foods while prolonging their shelf life is to employ natural antibacterial packaging. This article focuses on environmentally friendly bio‐based polymers that can be utilized in food packaging to enhance mechanical strength, gas permeability, and water resistance, among other features. It also includes useful information about natural antimicrobial agents found in fruits and vegetables, as well as animal by‐products, their properties, safety laws, and uses aimed at improving and increasing food quality and safety.
Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography findings for the diagnosis of malignant struma ovarii: A case report
Authors: Yamauchi Saiko , Kokabu Tetsuya , Kataoka Hisashi , Yoriki Kaori , Takahata Akiko , Mori Taisuke
Published: February 2023

Malignant struma ovarii (MSO) is an extremely rare disease arising from struma ovarii. Preoperative diagnosis is still challenging due to the lack of criteria for imaging findings. Herein, we report a case of MSO with suggestive imaging findings for a 50‐year‐old woman who presented with a pelvic tumor. The tumor did not typically show characteristic imaging findings of struma ovarii; however, the findings implied colloids of thyroid tissue within solid components on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography. Additionally, the solid components showed hyperintensity on diffusion‐weighted image and hypointensity on apparent diffusion coefficient maps. Total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, and omentectomy were performed. Histopathological examination revealed MSO of the right ovary, pT1aNXM0. The distribution of papillary thyroid carcinoma tissue corresponded to restricted diffusion area on MRI. In conclusion, the coexistence of imaging findings suggesting thyroid tissue and restricted diffusion in the solid component on MRI could indicate MSO.
Emotion‐related impulsivity across transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology
Authors: Pearlstein Jennifer G. , Johnson Sheri L. , Timpano Kiara R. , Stamatis Caitlin A. , Robison Morgan , Carver Charles S.
Published: February 2023

Objective

Several dimensions have received attention for their potential role in explaining shared variance in transdiagnostic symptoms of psychopathology. We hypothesized emotion‐related impulsivity, the trait‐like tendency toward difficulty restraining responses to emotion, would relate to symptoms of psychopathology, with two separable dimensions of emotion‐related impulsivity relating distinctly to internalizing and externalizing symptoms.

Method

Across two studies, we tested hypotheses using structural equation models of emotion‐related impulsivity and multiple indicators of internalizing, externalizing, and thought symptoms.

Results

In Study 1 (658 undergraduates), emotion‐related impulsivity was highly correlated with the general psychopathology (p) factor. In study 2 (421 Mechanical Turk participants), models did not support a general p factor; however, we replicated the hypothesized associations of emotion‐related impulsivity dimensions with internalizing and externalizing factors. Across both studies, forms of emotion‐related impulsivity uniquely and differentially related to internalizing and externalizing symptoms.

Conclusions

Findings indicate emotion‐related impulsivity may help explain transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology, such as the p factor.