bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D supplementation: upper limit for safety revisited?
Authors: Rizzoli René
Published: August 2020

Vitamin D overdosing includes hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and mineral deposits in soft tissues. A safety upper limit of 4000 IU/day, which is consistently accepted, has been challenged, since the risk of adverse events in other systems than calcium-phosphate homeostasis may depend not only on the dose, but on the outcome, the treatment regimen, and possibly the age, sex and vitamin D status. The therapeutic window of vitamin D supplementation may be narrower than hitherto recognized. The prevention and/or correction of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency with 800–1000 IU/daily of vitamin D or 10 µg/day of calcifediol are safe. Because of their potential harm, larger doses given on the long term or in intermittent regimens should not be selected.
An adaptive algorithm for the transport equation with time dependent velocity
Authors: Dubuis Samuel , Picasso Marco
Published: August 2020

An a posteriori error estimate is derived for the approximation of the transport equation with a time dependent transport velocity. Continuous, piecewise linear, anisotropic finite elements are used for space discretization, the Crank-Nicolson scheme scheme is proposed for time discretization. This paper is a generalization of Dubuis S, Picasso M (J Sci Comput 75(1):350–375, 2018) where the transport velocity was not depending on time. The a posteriori error estimate (upper bound) is shown to be sharp for anisotropic meshes, the involved constant being independent of the mesh aspect ratio. A quadratic reconstruction of the numerical solution is introduced in order to obtain an estimate that is order two in time. Error indicators corresponding to space and time are proposed, their accuracy is checked with non-adapted meshes and constant time steps. Then, an adaptive algorithm is introduced, allowing to adapt the meshes and time steps. Numerical experiments are presented when the exact solution has strong variations in space and time, illustrating the efficiency of the method. They indicate that the effectivity index is close to one and does not depend on the solution, mesh size, aspect ratio, and time step.
Feeling in Control: The Role of Cardiac Timing in the Sense of Agency
Authors: Herman Aleksandra M. , Tsakiris Manos
Published: August 2020

The sense of agency describes the experience of controlling one’s body to cause desired effects in the world. We explored whether this is influenced by interoceptive processes. Specifically, we investigated whether the sense of agency changes depending on where, in the cardiac cycle (systole or diastole), the action was executed and where the outcome of the action occurred. In two experiments, participants completed decision-making task to win/lose money. Explicit (ratings of control) and implicit (temporal judgement) measures of agency were differentially affected by cardiovascular state. Implicit agency scores were affected by the cardiac phase at the point of action execution. Explicit ratings of control were affected by the type of (free vs. instructed) and by outcome valence (win vs. lose). The time of the action was uniformly distributed across the cardiac cycle. These results show interoceptive impact on agency, but that cardiac cycle may affect explicit and implicit agency differently.
The Desire and Status of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy and Surgery in Transgender Men and Women in China: A National Population Study
Authors: Liu Ye , Xin Ying , Qi Ji , Wang Haining , Hong Tianpei , Yang Xin , Li Bi , Chang Xu , Knudson Gail , Zhao Zhenmin , Pan Bailin
Published: August 2020

Background

Gender-affirming hormone therapy and surgery are important medically necessary approaches to transgender care. However, few related data exist in China.

Aim

To understand the desire and access of transgender cares in the Chinese transgender men and women population.

Methods

A cross-sectional self-selecting survey targeting the Chinese transgender population was conducted in 2017 using a snowball sampling method. Participants completed an online questionnaire anonymously. Gender identity was verified by specifically designed questions. Data analysis of this study was performed in 2019.

Outcomes

The main outcome was the status of receiving transgender medical care, including the desire vs actual state of receiving gender-affirming hormone treatment and gender-affirmation surgery, methods of accessing hormonal therapy and surgery, and risky behaviors associated with obtaining treatments.

Results

Of the total 2060 valid questionnaires, there were 1,304 transgender individuals (626 transgender men and 678 transgender women), with a median age of 22 (interquartile range, 19–26) years. Among them, 1,036 (79.4%) expressed desires for hormonal therapy, but of 1,036, 741 (71.5%) considered it difficult to obtain medications from doctors. Of 1,036 individuals, 275 (26.5%) and 172 (16.6%) had thoughts or behaviors of self-injury, respectively, when lacking access to hormone therapy. Of 1,036 individuals, 602 (58.1%) had used hormones. Of those 602 hormone users, 407 (67.6%) had ever obtained medications from informal drug dealers, and 372 (61.8%) of them did not perform regular monitoring. 868 of 1,303 (66.6%) participants had received or wanted to undergo gender-affirming surgeries, but 710 of 868 (81.8%) considered the surgery resources not adequate or very scarce.

Clinical Implications

The transgender medical resources in China are scarce, and many transgender individuals have engaged in high-risk activities to access care.

Strengths & Limitations

This is the first study to focus on the current status of gender-affirming hormone therapy and surgery in the Chinese transgender population, providing valuable and real-world data for understanding the need for transgender health care in China. But, the online questionnaire could not provide the prevalence and other epidemiologic information about transgender individuals in China, and the survey did not address specific medication regimens, dosages, sex hormone levels, and specific hormone therapy–related or surgery-related adverse events.

Conclusion

Significant improvement in access to gender-affirming medical and surgery care is needed in China.
The Shanghai News (1950–1952): New Democracy and External Propaganda in Early 1950s Shanghai
Authors: Howlett Jonathan J.
Published: August 2020

The Shanghai News was the People's Republic of China's (PRC's) first English-language newspaper. The News played an important, but forgotten, role in the development of the PRC's “external propaganda” apparatus, used to fight the ideological Cold War. The News was unusual in that it adopted a commercial business model and juxtaposed vehement anti-imperialist propaganda with advertising for multinational companies from “imperialist-capitalist countries.” This article argues that the News was a product of “New Democracy,” the central political paradigm of the PRC between 1949 and 1953. New Democracy, a policy of cross-class cooperation in the name of national reconstruction, is often dismissed as cynical tactic deployed by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to diminish resistance during the takeover of China. The author argues for taking the real world impacts of New Democracy on life and work in early 1950s Shanghai seriously and cautions against teleological narratives.
Introduction
Authors: SULTANESCU OLIVIA
Published: August 2020

In Donald Davidson's Triangulation Argument: A Philosophical Inquiry, Robert H. Myers and Claudine Verheggen spell out, and extensively build on, the triangulation argument advanced by Donald Davidson. This paper is an introduction to a symposium devoted to their development of that argument. The symposium began in 2018 as an authors-meet-critics session at the Canadian Philosophical Association Annual Congress, and consists in the responses of three critics, Kirk Ludwig, Alexander Miller, and Paul Hurley, followed by Verheggen's and Myers's replies. I offer a brief sketch of each of the two parts of the book, and an overview of the questions raised by the critics.
How Does Human Capital Matter? Evidence from Venture Capital
Authors: Gu Lifeng , Huang Ruidi , Mao Yifei , Tian Xuan
Published: August 2020

We examine the effect of labor mobility on venture capital (VC) investment. Following the staggered adoption of the inevitable disclosure doctrine that restricts labor mobility, VCs are less likely to invest in affected states. This effect is more pronounced when human capital is more important to startups, when VC investment is more uncertain, and when VCs’ monitoring costs are higher. The reduced innovation productivity of employees is a plausible underlying mechanism. To mitigate this adverse effect, VCs stage finance startups more and syndicate more with other VCs. Our paper sheds new light on the real effects of labor market frictions.
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in 45 children: a first report from Iran
Authors: Mamishi Setareh , Movahedi Zahra , Mohammadi Mohsen , Ziaee Vahid , Khodabandeh Mahmoud , Abdolsalehi Mohammad Reza , Navaeian Amene , Heydari Hosein , Mahmoudi Shima , Pourakbari Babak
Published: August 2020

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a new phenomenon manifesting as a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) which has a similar clinical presentation to Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome and severe sepsis has emerged. Although the number of MIS-C reports is increasing, rare reports in Asia is still available. To our knowledge, this study is the largest series of published MIS-C cases in Iran. We performed a retrospective study of all patients with case definition for MIS-C admitted to the three paediatric hospitals in Iran. All of these hospitals are located within the most active COVID-19 pandemic areas (Tehran, Qom and Mazandaran) in Iran. Demographic characteristics, clinical data, laboratory findings, imaging and echocardiographic findings, treatment and outcomes were collected. Between 7 March and 23 June 2020, 45 children were included in the study. The median age of children was 7 years (range between 10 months and 17 years). Common presenting symptoms include fever (91%), abdominal pain (58%), nausea/vomiting (51%), mucocutaneous rash (53%), conjunctivitis (51%) and hands and feet oedema (40%) with median duration of symptoms prior to presentation of 5 (interquartile range (IQR) 3, 7) days. Fifty-three percent of children showed lymphopaenia. Overall, the majority of cases at admission had markedly elevated inflammatory markers erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (95.5%) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (97%). Ferritin was abnormal in 11 out of 14 tested patients (73%), and it was highly elevated (>500 ng/ml) in 47% of cases. Median fibrinogen level was 210 (IQR 165, 291) mg/dl, D-dimer was 3909 (IQR 848, 4528) ng/ml and troponin was 0.6 (IQR 0.1, 26) ng/ml, respectively. Twenty out of 31 patients (64.5%) had hypoalbuminaemia. In addition, hyponatraemia was found in 64% of cases. Twenty-five patients (56%) presented with cardiac involvement and acute renal failure was observed in 13 cases (29%). Pleural, ascitic, ileitis and pericardial effusions were found in 18%, 11%, 4% and 2% of cases, respectively. In conclusion, this is a first large case series of hospitalised children who met criteria for MIS-C in Iran. There was a wide spectrum of presenting signs and symptoms; evidence of inflammation with abnormal values of CRP, ESR, D-dimer, ferritin and albumin; and multi-organ involvement.
Resilience of the rank of random matrices
Authors: Ferber Asaf , Luh Kyle , McKinley Gweneth
Published: August 2020

Let M be an n × m matrix of independent Rademacher (±1) random variables. It is well known that if $n \leq m$, then M is of full rank with high probability. We show that this property is resilient to adversarial changes to M. More precisely, if $m \ge n + {n^{1 - \varepsilon /6}}$, then even after changing the sign of (1 – ε)m/2 entries, M is still of full rank with high probability. Note that this is asymptotically best possible as one can easily make any two rows proportional with at most m/2 changes. Moreover, this theorem gives an asymptotic solution to a slightly weakened version of a conjecture made by Van Vu in [17].
A rare cause of abnormal pulmonary venous drainage: septum primum malposition
Authors: Ayyıldız Pelin , Öztürk Erkut , Kasar Taner , Türkvatan Aysel , Onan İsmihan Selen , Güzeltaş Alper
Published: August 2020

Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features of patients with septum primum malposition, imaging tools used for diagnosis, and their effects on the surgical approach.

Materials and methods:

Patients diagnosed with septum primum malposition in our paediatric cardiac centre between 1 January, 2015 and 1 January, 2019 were included in the study. In all patients, the age, reason for admission, transthoracic echocardiography, cardiac multidetector CT angiography findings, and subsequent surgical data were evaluated.

Results:

Fifteen patients were diagnosed with septum primum malposition during the study period. The median age was 12 months (2 months–10 years). Six patients were left isomeric, and the rest were situs solitus; 80% of the patients (n = 12) had additional secundum atrial septal defect. There was cardiac pathology in 46% of the patients (n = 7) in addition to the abnormal pulmonary venous drainage, ventricular septal defect (n = 3), left ventricularhypoplasia (n = 2), cortriatriatum sinister (n = 2), double outlet right ventricle (n = 1), and atrioventricular septal defect (n = 1). There was bilateral superior caval vein in three patients, right-sided superior caval vein in 11 patients, and left-sided superior caval vein in one patient. All three patients with total abnormal pulmonary venous drainage were left atrial isomeric. There were differences between the results of transthoracic echocardiography and CT angiographies in two patients. The surgical strategy was changed in three patients after the preoperative diagnosis of septum primum malposition.

Conclusion:

Septum primum malposition should be kept in mind during the imaging of complex CHDs specifically during the segmental analysis of the pathologies with heterotaxy syndromes; it should be differentiated from other aetiologies of abnormal pulmonary venous drainage as accurate diagnosis would facilitate the ideal surgery in these complex pathologies requiring a detailed preoperative preparation.
‘They deserve a treat’: the nature and antecedents of parental licensing surrounding children’s physical activity
Authors: Law Kwok Hong , Dimmock James A , Thornton Ashleigh L , Nicholas Joanna C , Ho Gordon , Gucciardi Daniel F , Guelfi Kym J , Jackson Ben
Published: August 2020

Objective:

Little is known about parents’ compensatory health beliefs (CHB) surrounding their children’s engagement in physical activity (PA). Our aim was to provide evidence regarding the nature of, and factors underpinning, parents’ PA-related compensatory beliefs for their children.

Design:

A qualitative descriptive approach and thematic content analysis were employed.

Setting:

Parents were recruited from community sport and PA programmes.

Participants:

Eighteen parents aged 32–52 years (mean age = 40·8 (sd 5·4) years; six males; twelve females).

Results:

Analyses indicated that parents compensate through ‘passive’ or ‘active’ means. Among parents who compensated, most described their provision of ‘treat’ foods/drinks and a minority described allowing extended sedentary time to their children. Parents’ reasons underpinning these beliefs related to their child’s general physical/health status and psychological characteristics, and their own motivation and mood state.

Conclusions:

These findings provide the first evidence of unhealthy dietary and sedentary behaviour CHB that parents may hold regarding their children’s involvement in PA.
An automatic electronic instrument for accurate measurements of food volume and density
Authors: Yuan Ding , Hu Xiaohui , Zhang Hong , Jia Wenyan , Mao Zhi-Hong , Sun Mingui
Published: August 2020

Objective:

Accurate measurements of food volume and density are often required as ‘gold standards’ for calibration of image-based dietary assessment and food database development. Currently, there is no specialised laboratory instrument for these measurements. We present the design of a new volume of density (VD) meter to bridge this technological gap.

Design:

Our design consists of a turntable, a load sensor, a set of cameras and lights installed on an arc-shaped stationary support, and a microcomputer. It acquires an array of food images, reconstructs a 3D volumetric model, weighs the food and calculates both food volume and density, all in an automatic process controlled by the microcomputer. To adapt to the complex shapes of foods, a new food surface model, derived from the electric field of charged particles, is developed for 3D point cloud reconstruction of either convex or concave food surfaces.

Results:

We conducted two experiments to evaluate the VD meter. The first experiment utilised computer-synthesised 3D objects with prescribed convex and concave surfaces of known volumes to investigate different food surface types. The second experiment was based on actual foods with different shapes, colours and textures. Our results indicated that, for synthesised objects, the measurement error of the electric field-based method was <1 %, significantly lower compared with traditional methods. For real-world foods, the measurement error depended on the types of food volumes (detailed discussion included). The largest error was approximately 5 %.

Conclusion:

The VD meter provides a new electronic instrument to support advanced research in nutrition science.
Developing a multispecies weed competition model for high-yielding cotton
Authors: Charles Graham W. , Sindel Brian M. , Cowie Annette L. , Knox Oliver G. G.
Published: August 2020

Glyphosate-tolerant and glyphosate-resistant weeds are becoming increasingly problematic in cotton fields in Australia, necessitating a return from a glyphosate dominated system to a more integrated approach to weed management. The development of an integrated weed management system can be facilitated by identifying the critical period for weed control (CPWC), a model that enables cotton growers to optimize the timing of their weed control inputs. Using data from field studies conducted from 2003 to 2015, CPWC models using extended functions, including weed biomass in the relationships, were developed for the mimic weeds, common sunflower and Japanese millet, in high-yielding, fully irrigated cotton. A multispecies CPWC model was developed after combining these data sets with data for mungbean in irrigated cotton, using weed height and weed biomass as descriptors in the models. Comparison of observed and predicted relative cotton-lint yields from the multispecies CPWC model demonstrated that the model reasonably described the competition from these three very different mimic weeds, opening the possibility for cotton growers to use a multispecies CPWC model in their production systems.
Some Differences in the Dynamics of the Intermediate Descending Layers Observed During Periods of Maximum and Minimum Solar Flux
Authors: Santos A. M. , Batista I. S. , Sobral J. H. A. , Brum C. G. M. , Abdu M. A. , Souza J. R.
Published: August 2020

In this paper, ionograms from São Luís (SL, 2°S; 44°W, I: −3.8°) and Cachoeira Paulista (CP, 22.42°S; 45°W, I: −34.4°) are analyzed to examine the characteristics of the intermediate descending layers (ILs) over the Brazilian equatorial and low‐latitude regions under different solar flux conditions. The solar flux effects on the ILs are investigated in terms of the rate of occurrence of the IL; the seasonal behavior of some parameters such as the height, frequency, and velocity; and the duration and the number of ILs events observed per day. One of the main results of this work is that unlike over CP, the ILs over SL presented some peculiarities, such as a lower rate of occurrence during a period of solar maximum activity (2003) when compared with a period of solar minimum activity (2009). This apparent variation was likely caused by the magnetic equator moving away from SL during this period. The duration of the ILs was also investigated, and it was found that in 2009, the ILs presented higher life time than in 2003. The descending velocity of the ILs is compatible with the semidiurnal and quarter‐diurnal tides. Over SL, the larger descending rate in some cases (>10 km/hr) may reveal the additional influence of the gravity waves in the IL's dynamics.
Incorporating Spatial Variations in Parameters for Improvements of an Evapotranspiration Model
Authors: Wu Genan , Hu Zhongmin , Keenan Trevor F. , Li Shenggong , Zhao Wei , Cao Ruo Chen , Li Yuzhe , Guo Qun , Sun Xiaomin
Published: August 2020

Ecosystem models are important tools for exploring the temporal and spatial patterns of ecosystem processes and their responses to climate change. However, the implications of uncertainty in model parameters are often overlooked, especially in regional ecosystem model simulations. Here, we use eddy‐covariance observations to estimate parameters in an ecosystem model, which was developed from Shuttleworth‐Wallace model, and examine the effect on estimates of evapotranspiration (ET). Using a simple ecosystem model as an example, we use Monte Carlo techniques to optimize key model parameters using eddy covariance (EC) data from 163 FLUXNET sites. The optimization process revealed a strong spatial correlation between key parameters and environmental variables, particularly leaf area index (LAI) and soil characteristics (e.g., clay fraction). The optimization of parameters related to canopy conductance and soil surface resistance greatly improved model performance, particularly when incorporating the identified spatial variation of parameters. The improved model agreed well with the measurements with an increase in the coefficient of determination (R2) from 73% to 80% in the 8‐day averaged ET estimation and a decrease in the root mean square error (RMSE) from 130.2 to 104.3 mm year−1 compared with the original model. The results suggest the potential of eddy‐covariance flux observations to identify predictable spatial variations of key parameters, which can be used to better constrain ecosystem models. And in this case, a universal and efficient method for reducing the uncertainties in key parameters across different PFTs and ecosystem applications is suggested.
Is High Topography Around the North Atlantic Supported From the Upper Mantle?
Authors: Hejrani Babak , Balling Niels , Jacobsen Bo Holm , Nielsen Søren Bom
Published: August 2020

The traveltime residuals of 393 receiver sites with more than 21,000 P wave and 9,700 S wave arrivals are used to investigate the upper‐mantle P and S wave velocity structure down to the depth of 500 km beneath the regions of high topography of the North Atlantic Caledonian crust. In east Greenland, we observe high‐velocity anomalies beneath high topography. In northern Norway and Sweden, a stable thick lithosphere beneath both the high topography and the Baltic shield exists. Only southern Norway exhibits a weak correlation between high topography and low‐velocity anomalies of P and S waves. Consequently, the correlation of topography versus average relative traveltime residuals in four regions of proposed Cenozoic epeirogenic uplift reveals positive correlation only in southern Norway and negative or absence of correlation in other regions. These results show that high topography does not correlate with the inferred velocity structure of the upper mantle in the North Atlantic realm. Consequently, our findings weaken the hypothesis of dynamic topography and epeirogenic uplift of the Atlantic margins during the Late Cenozoic.
Modeling Geoelectric Fields Induced by Geomagnetic Disturbances in 3D Subsurface Geology, an Example From Southeastern Australia
Authors: Wang Liejun , Duan Jingming , Hitchman Adrian P. , Lewis Andrew M. , Jones William V.
Published: August 2020

Geomagnetic storms can cause power grid instabilities and blackouts due to excessive geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) flowing in electric transmission systems. In this study, we assess regional vulnerability to GICs by modeling the geoelectric fields induced by significant historic geomagnetic disturbance events in the presence of 3D subsurface geology using data from the Australian Lithospheric Architecture Magnetotelluric Project (AusLAMP) magnetotelluric array, Australia‐Wide Array of Geomagnetic Stations (AWAGS) magnetometer array, and Geoscience Australia geomagnetic observatory network. We analyze the vertical component of the magnetic field with respect to the horizontal magnetic‐field polarization for two magnetic storms and gain insight into the inductive effects associated with field polarization orientations in the 3D case. We also analyze the telluric field intensity and polarization for a unit geomagnetic field polarized in northerly and easterly directions at AusLAMP sites and find that in the presence of 3D geology the induced field has a very polarization‐sensitive anomaly. We model the geoelectric fields in southeastern Australia for the 1989 “Québec storm.” The induced ground electric fields are typically in the range 1,000–2,000 mV/km with a few sites within 2,000–5,000 mV/km on highly resistive regions and in coastal areas, and below 300 mV/km on inland sedimentary basins. The current study focuses on magnetic‐field variations with periods between 120 and ~20,000 s due to bandwidth limits in our magnetotelluric tensor data and the Nyquist limit for the 60 s sampling of our geomagnetic‐field data. Hence, our modeled maximum values should be considered lower estimates of potential real values.
ADRML: anticancer drug response prediction using manifold learning
Authors: Ahmadi Moughari Fatemeh , Eslahchi Changiz
Published: August 2020

One of the prominent challenges in precision medicine is to select the most appropriate treatment strategy for each patient based on the personalized information. The availability of massive data about drugs and cell lines facilitates the possibility of proposing efficient computational models for predicting anticancer drug response. In this study, we propose ADRML, a model for Anticancer Drug Response Prediction using Manifold Learning to systematically integrate the cell line information with the drug information to make accurate predictions about drug therapeutic. The proposed model maps the drug response matrix into the lower-rank spaces that lead to obtaining new perspectives about cell lines and drugs. The drug response for a new cell line-drug pair is computed using the low-rank features. The evaluation of ADRML performance on various types of cell lines and drug information, in addition to the comparisons with previously proposed methods, shows that ADRML provides accurate and robust predictions. Further investigations about the association between drug response and pathway activity scores reveal that the predicted drug responses can shed light on the underlying drug mechanism. Also, the case studies suggest that the predictions of ADRML about novel cell line-drug pairs are validated by reliable pieces of evidence from the literature. Consequently, the evaluations verify that ADRML can be used in accurately predicting and imputing the anticancer drug response.
Phenome-wide analyses establish a specific association between aortic valve PALMD expression and calcific aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Li Zhonglin , Gaudreault Nathalie , Arsenault Benoit J. , Mathieu Patrick , Bossé Yohan , Thériault Sébastien
Published: August 2020

Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is a frequent heart disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Recent genomic studies have identified a locus near the gene PALMD (palmdelphin) strongly associated with CAVS. Here, we show that genetically-determined expression of PALMD in the aortic valve is inversely associated with CAVS, with a stronger effect in women, in a meta-analysis of two large cohorts totaling 2359 cases and 350,060 controls. We further demonstrate the specificity of this relationship by showing the absence of other significant association between the genetically-determined expression of PALMD in 9 tissues and 852 phenotypes. Using genome-wide association studies meta-analyses of cardiovascular traits, we identify a significant colocalized positive association between genetically-determined expression of PALMD in four non-cardiac tissues (brain anterior cingulate cortex, esophagus muscularis, tibial nerve and subcutaneous adipose tissue) and atrial fibrillation. The present work further establishes PALMD as a promising molecular target for CAVS.
Alignment of supramolecular J-aggregates based on uracil-functionalized BODIPY dye for polarized photoluminescence
Authors: Zhang Yongjie , Liu Ping , Pan Hongfei , Dai Haitao , Ren Xiang-Kui , Chen Zhijian
Published: August 2020

The H-bonding directed supramolecular J-aggregates of a uracil-functionalized BODIPY dye are uniaxially aligned through the rubbing method to generate highly polarized photoluminescence.
t1-Noise eliminated dipolar heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Venkatesh Amrit , Luan Xuechen , Perras Frédéric A. , Hung Ivan , Huang Wenyu , Rossini Aaron J.
Published: August 2020

t1-Noise eliminated (TONE) heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation (HMQC) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequences improve the sensitivity of 2D1H{X} heteronuclear correlation experiments with X =17O,25Mg,27Al and35Cl.
Lanthanide cryptate monometallic coordination complexes
Authors: Buch Christian D. , Mitcov Dmitri , Piligkos Stergios
Published: August 2020

Lanthanide cryptate complexes as single-ion magnets are explored. Six novel lanthanide based cryptates have been synthesised, and their magnetic properties have been studied and compared to the non-cryptate versions of the complexes.
A new metalorganic chemical vapor deposition process for MoS2 with a 1,4-diazabutadienyl stabilized molybdenum precursor and elemental sulfur
Authors: Wree Jan-Lucas , Ciftyurek Engin , Zanders David , Boysen Nils , Kostka Aleksander , Rogalla Detlef , Kasischke Maren , Ostendorf Andreas , Schierbaum Klaus , Devi Anjana
Published: August 2020

Crystalline MoS2 thin films are deposited via MOCVD using a new molybdenum precursor, 1,4-di-tert-butyl-1,4-diazabutadienyl-bis(tert-butylimido)molybdenum(vi) [Mo(NtBu)2(tBu2DAD)], and elemental sulfur.
Fluorescent perylenylpyridine complexes: an experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Expósito J. Emilio , Aullón Gabriel , Bardají Manuel , Miguel Jesús A. , Espinet Pablo
Published: August 2020

Perylenylpyridine cyclometallated complexes exhibit fluorescence with quantum yields from 1.1 to 47% depending on the metal, the oxidation state, the auxiliary ligand and the size of the metallacycle (five or six).
A mechanochromic cyclemetalated cationic Ir(iii) complex with AIE activity by strategic modification of ligands
Authors: Pei Yu , Xie Jiaxin , Cui Dongxu , Liu Shengnan , Li Guangfu , Zhu Dongxia , Su Zhongmin
Published: August 2020

π-Hydrogen bonding is successfully exploited for the first time to realize the MCL property of a cyclemetalated cationic Ir(iii) complex.
A dianionic C3-symmetric scorpionate: synthesis and coordination chemistry
Authors: Tretiakov Serhii , Damen Johannes A. M. , Lutz Martin , Moret Marc-Etienne
Published: August 2020

Investigations into the synthesis and coordination chemistry of a tridentate C3-symmetric dianionic scorpionate ligand.
Chemical transformation and surface functionalisation affect the potential to group nanoparticles for risk assessment
Authors: Schultz Carolin L. , Adams Jessica , Jurkschat Kerstin , Lofts Stephen , Spurgeon David J.
Published: August 2020

Pristine and transformed variant nanomaterials were assessed to identify whether chemical speciation changes and ecocorona association affected relatively toxicities and the potential for grouping.
Visible-light induced phosphonation of quinoxalines and quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones under aerobic metal-free conditions
Authors: Rawat Deepa , Kumar Rahul , Subbarayappa Adimurthy
Published: August 2020

Visible-light induced phosphonation of quinoxalines and quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones utilizing aerobic oxygen as green oxidant under base/ligand-free conditions at room temperature has been described.
Enhanced electrochemical performance of modified thin carbon electrodes for all-vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Sodiq Ahmed , Fasmin Fathima , Mohapatra Lagnamayee , Mariyam Sabah , Arunachalam Muthumeenal , Hamoudi Hicham , Zaffou Rachid , Merzougui Belabbes
Published: August 2020

The significance of this work lies in the promotion of thin carbon paper as well as its treatment (such as the one presented in this work) as electrodes for flow batteries, in particular VRFB reactions.
Correction: Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) as a thermoreversible gelator for topical administration
Authors: Haddow P. , McAuley W. J. , Kirton S. B. , Cook M. T.
Published: August 2020

Correction for ‘Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) as a thermoreversible gelator for topical administration’ by P. Haddow et al., Mater. Adv., 2020, 1, 371–386, DOI: 10.1039/D0MA00080A.
Superhalogen doping: a new and effective approach to design materials with excellent static and dynamic NLO responses
Authors: Sajid Hasnain , Ullah Faizan , Yar Muhammad , Ayub Khurshid , Mahmood Tariq
Published: August 2020

The first-ever example where superhalogen doping alone is introduced as a new and effective approach to impart large NLO responses.
Microbial natural product databases: moving forward in the multi-omics era
Authors: van Santen Jeffrey A. , Kautsar Satria A. , Medema Marnix H. , Linington Roger G.
Published: August 2020

Online databases are becoming key to natural product research, as publication of data is increasingly digitized. Here, we review databases of chemical structures, gene clusters and analytical data, and discuss key challenges and opportunities.
Photoinduced double [2 + 2] cycloaddition relay of yne–allenones for highly diastereoselective synthesis of hexacyclic 1-naphthols
Authors: Zhu Shan-Shan , Zhou Jiang-Nan , Wu Quan-Long , Hao Wen-Juan , Tu Shu-Jiang , Jiang Bo
Published: August 2020

A new photoinduced photocatalyst-free energy-transfer strategy for double [2 + 2] cycloaddition relay of yne–allenones is reported for the first time and used to produce a series of hitherto unreported hexacyclic 1-naphthols.
Nano-Fe3O4@walnut shell/Cu(ii) as a highly effective environmentally friendly catalyst for the one-pot pseudo three-component synthesis of 1,3-oxazine derivatives under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Tafti Arefeh Dehghani , Fatemeh Mirjalili Bi Bi
Published: August 2020

Fe3O4@walnut shell/Cu(ii) as an eco-friendly bio-based magnetic nano-catalyst was prepared by adding CuCl2 to Fe3O4@walnut shell in alkaline medium.
Rheological behaviours of guar gum derivatives with hydrophobic unsaturated long-chains
Authors: Zhang Minghua , He Jianping , Deng Mingyu , Gong Peixin , Zhang Xi , Fan Minmin , Wang Ke
Published: August 2020

The rheological behaviors of three hydrophobically modified guar gum derivatives in aqueous solutions were systematically studied for practical applications.
Porous lithium cobalt oxide fabricated from metal–organic frameworks as a high-rate cathode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wei Hao , Tian Yuan , An Yongling , Feng Jinkui , Xiong Shenglin , Qian Yitai
Published: August 2020

Porous lithium cobalt oxide is fabricated directly from Co-based metal–organic frameworks and lithium salt via a facile solid state annealing approach.
Distraction Osteogenesis in the Treatment of Craniofacial Anomalies: Applications and Outcomes
Authors: Napoli Joseph A. , Zimmerman Carrie E. , Vallino Linda D.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Craniofacial anomalies (CFA) often result in growth abnormalities of the facial skeleton adversely affecting function and appearance. The functional problems caused by the structural anomalies include upper airway obstruction, speech abnormalities, feeding difficulty, hearing deficits, dental/occlusal defects, and cognitive and psychosocial impairment. Managing disorders of the craniofacial skeleton has been improved by the technique known as
distraction osteogenesis
(DO). In DO, new bone growth is stimulated allowing bones to be lengthened without need for bone graft. The purpose of this clinical focus article is to describe the technique and clinical applications and outcomes of DO in CFA.

Conclusion

Distraction can be applied to various regions of the craniofacial skeleton to correct structure and function. The benefits of this procedure include improved airway, feeding, occlusion, speech, and appearance, resulting in a better quality of life for patients with CFA.
Evaluation of disc degeneration adjacent to AOspine A fractures: pre- and post-operative MRI analysis
Authors: Marie-Hardy Laura , Barut Nicolas , Sari Ali Hedi , Khalifé Marc , Pascal-Moussellard Hugues
Published: August 2020

Introduction: The management of type A thoracolumbar fractures varies from conservative treatment to multiple level fusion. Indeed, although Magerl defined the type A fracture as a strictly bone injury, several authors suggested associated disc lesions or degeneration after trauma. However, the preservation of mobility of the adjacent discs should be a major issue. This study was conducted to analyze the presence of immediate post-traumatic disc injuries and to know if discs degenerate after receiving treatment. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the files of 27 patients with an AOspine A fracture, corresponding to 34 fractures (64 discs) with pre and post-operative MRI (mean follow-up: 32.4 months). Based on Pfirrmann’s and Oner’s classifications of disc injuries, two observers analyzed independently the type of lesion in the discs adjacent to the fractured vertebra in immediate post-trauma and at the last follow-up. Results: The immediate post-traumatic analysis according to Pfirrmann’s classification found 97% of the cranial adjacent discs and 100% of the caudal discs classified Pfirrmann 3 or less. The analysis on the secondary MRI revealed that 78% of cranial adjacent discs and 88% of caudal adjacent discs still were classified Pfirrmann 3 or less. Conclusions: Since, the great majority of type A fractures does not cause immediate disc injuries, these fractures are, as described by Magerl, strictly bony injuries. The quality of the body reduction seems to prevent secondary degeneration. These results may encourage surgeons not to perform arthrodesis on type A fractures even for A3 and A4.
Editorial
Authors: Fiehn Christoph
Published: August 2020

Der systemische Lupus erythematodes (SLE) ist eine Erkrankung, welche sowohl sehr
schwer und organgefährdend, wie auch eher milde verlaufen kann. Die
Krankheitsausprägung ist selbst für die Rheumatologie
außergewöhnlich variabel. Die charakteristischen serologischen
Marker und die i.d.R. deutliche subjektive Beeinträchtigung der Patienten
sind aber eine Gemeinsamkeit fast aller Patienten.
Labordiagnostik bei Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Biester Torben , Kordonouri Olga , Datz Nicolin , von dem Berge Thekla , Reschke Felix , Danne Thomas , März Winfried
Published: August 2020

Unter dem Begriff Diabetes mellitus versteckt sich eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Erkrankungen, deren Leitsymptome der erhöhte Blutzucker und die Glukosurie sind. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Pathophysiologie z. B. des Typ-1- oder Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus ist die exakte Kenntnis der zugrunde liegenden Erkrankung essenziell für eine korrekte und zielführende Therapie.

Aktuelle Leitlinien beschreiben z. T. komplexe Pfade der Diagnosestellung des Diabetes mellitus, in der Differenzialdiagnostik jedoch ist im klinischen oder Praxisalltag eine rasche definitive Diagnosestellung zur Therapieeinleitung wünschenswert. Wir stellen die diagnostischen Leitparameter zur Unterscheidung der einzelnen Krankheitsentitäten und deren Bedeutung in einer übersichtlichen Zusammenfassung dar, um eine Hilfestellung im täglichen Alltag auf dem Weg zur sicheren Diagnose zu geben.
Labordiagnostik bei SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen
Authors: Roskos Martin
Published: August 2020

Die aktuelle COVID-19-Pandemie stellte auch die medizinischen Labore vor große Herausforderungen. Der prinzipiell sehr frühen Kenntnis des primär neuen Erregers und der prinzipiellen Möglichkeit des Nachweises des Virus stand oft eine zunächst unzureichende Verfügbarkeit an Reagenzien und Analysensystemen gegenüber, die aber relativ schnell verbessert werden konnten, sodass nun eine flächendeckende und schnelle Diagnostik dieses Erregers möglich ist. Neben der Erregeridentifizierung liefert die Labordiagnostik jedoch auch wichtige Hinweise bei der Beurteilung der Erkrankung bzw. der Abschätzung des weiteren Verlaufes. Die Wertigkeit einzelner Parameter bzw. Parameterkonstellationen wurde dabei teilweise erst im Verlauf der Pandemie deutlich bzw. ist auch noch in der Evaluierung.
Diagnostic accuracy of capsule endoscopy compared with colonoscopy for polyp detection: systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Kjølhede Tue , Ølholm Anne Mette , Kaalby Lasse , Kidholm Kristian , Qvist Niels , Baatrup Gunnar
Published: August 2020

Background Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is a technology that might contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs as a filter test between fecal immunochemical testing and standard colonoscopy. The aim was to systematically review the literature for studies investigating the diagnostic yield of second-generation CCE compared with standard colonoscopy.

Methods A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Study characteristics including quality of bowel preparation and completeness of CCE transits were extracted. Per-patient sensitivity and specificity were extracted for polyps (any size, ≥ 10 mm, ≥ 6 mm) and lesion characteristics. Meta-analyses of diagnostic yield were performed.

Results The literature search revealed 1077 unique papers and 12 studies were included. Studies involved a total of 2199 patients, of whom 1898 were included in analyses. The rate of patients with adequate bowel preparation varied from 40 % to 100 %. The rates of complete CCE transit varied from 57 % to 100 %. Our meta-analyses demonstrated that mean (95 % confidence interval) sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were: 0.85 (0.73–0.92), 0.85 (0.70–0.93), and 30.5 (16.2–57.2), respectively, for polyps of any size; 0.87 (0.82–0.90), 0.95 (0.92–0.97), and 136.0 (70.6–262.1), respectively, for polyps ≥ 10 mm; and 0.87 (0.83–0.90), 0.88 (0.75–0.95), and 51.1 (19.8–131.8), respectively, for polyps ≥ 6 mm. No serious adverse events were reported for CCE.

Conclusion CCE had high sensitivity and specificity for per-patient polyps compared with standard colonoscopy However, the relatively high rate of incomplete investigations limits the application of CCE in a CRC screening setting.
Revisiting the ‘Phenonium Phenomenon’: Regiodivergent Opening of Nonsymmetrical Phenonium Ions with Halide Nucleophiles
Authors: Race Nicholas J. , Holst Hannah M. , McGuire Shelby B.
Published: August 2020

Formation of phenonium ions through anchimeric assistance (neighboring-group participation) of aryl rings has been known since 1949. Although these reactive intermediates have been studied extensively by physical organic chemists, their potential as control elements in synthesis is underutilized. Presented here are our laboratory’s recently reported first examples of regiodivergent openings of nonsymmetrical phenonium ions with chloride nucleophiles. The selectivity of these processes is under reagent control. The reactions are operationally simple and permit the stereospecific synthesis of complex chiral building blocks from readily accessible epoxide starting materials.

1 Introduction

2 Select Examples of Phenonium Ion Methodology

3 Regiodivergent Opening of Nonsymmetrical Phenonium Ions

4 Summary and Outlook
Utility of N-Bromosuccinimide–Water Combination as a Green Reagent for Synthesis of N,S-Heterocycles and Dithiocarbamates from Styrenes
Authors: Matloubi Moghaddam Firouz , Goudarzi Mehri
Published: August 2020

An efficient and unprecedented green protocol has been developed for the synthesis of N,S-heterocycles from styrenes and alkyl dithiocarbamates with high to excellent yields. The reaction of primary or secondary amines, CS2, and styrenes was carried out in water in the presence of a catalytic amount of an inorganic base. All products were made by using an N-bromosuccinimide–H2O combination as a green and inexpensive reagent.
Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrazoles by Ring-Opening Reactions of 2H-Azirines with Hydrazones
Authors: Shao Jiaan , Shu Ke , Chen Wenteng , Liu Shuangrong , Zhu Huajian , Zhang Jiankang , Zhang Chong , Zeng Ling-Hui
Published: August 2020

A palladium–catalyzed ring-opening reaction of 2H-azirines with hydrazones has been developed. This protocol provides an alternative route for the construction of various polysubstituted pyrazoles with a wide substrate scope. Moreover, a plausible mechanism is proposed for this reaction, which should further enrich the chemical conversion of 2H-azirines.
Reduction of blob-filament radial propagation by parallel variation of flows: Analysis of a gyrokinetic simulation
Authors: Myra J. R. , Ku S. , Russell D. A. , Cheng J. , Keramidas Charidakos I. , Parker S. E. , Churchill R. M. , Chang C. S.
Published: August 2020

Data from the XGC1 gyrokinetic simulation are analyzed to understand the three-dimensional spatial structure and the radial propagation of blob-filaments generated by quasi-steady turbulence in the tokamak edge pedestal and scrape-off layer plasma. Spontaneous toroidal flows vary in the poloidal direction and shear the filaments within a flux surface, resulting in a structure that varies in the parallel direction. This parallel structure allows the curvature and grad-B induced polarization charge density to be shorted out via parallel electron motion. As a result, it is found that the blob-filament radial velocity is significantly reduced from estimates that neglect parallel electron kinetics, broadly consistent with experimental observations. Conditions for when this charge shorting effect tends to dominate blob dynamics are derived and compared with the simulation.
High-Q hybridized resonance in a plasmonic metasurface of asymmetric aligned magnetic dipoles
Authors: Liu Lu , Li Zhe , Cai Changyin , Zhu Weiming , Zheng Xiaojia , Zhang Wenhua , Xu Jimmy , Liu Zhijun
Published: August 2020

Coupling of multipole moments in subwavelength structures opens up a space for engineering metamaterial properties for both fundamental studies and practical applications. In this paper, we demonstrate a high quality (Q) factor hybridized resonance mode in the mid-infrared region, which originates from head-to-tail coupled magnetic dipoles in a plasmonic metasurface. By arranging four metal bars of two different lengths in a cross-configuration in a planar metal-insulator-metal structure, we experimentally realize a strong hybridized resonance mode at 82.6 THz with a Q-factor of 60.2. The high-Q hybridized metamaterial mode exhibits distinct properties of polarization-selective excitation, cross polarization conversion, and a high figure-of-merit of 4 in refractive index sensing. These results suggest that hybridized metamaterial resonance is a promising platform with great potential for use in sensing, lasing, and polarization control.