bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Quality Control of Digital Production Lines in Aviation Enterprises
Authors: Wang Ce , Duan Guijiang , Sun Wu
Published: July 2018

Focusing on the requirements of efficient quality control of digital production lines in aviation enterprises, the framework quality control system of digital production lines were studied in this paper. First, the quality date categories of digital production lines were sorted out, a multi-source quality data acquisition scheme was proposed,. Second, the importance of key quality characteristics in quality control was discussed as well as a solution to find key quality features was established. Again, a multi-channel statistical quality control framework was constructed and a detailed implementation process was proposed. Finally, a digital production line quality control prototype system was designed and developed and validated in an aviation manufacturing enterprise.
Prediction of Rubber Aging Life by Intelligent Neural Network
Authors: Hong HE , WenQi HU , ShenJun GAO
Published: July 2018

Predicting the agin life of rubber is mostly based on traditional dynamic methods. These methods often have some limitations, which can not reflect the influence of certain factors. To avoid such limitations, a BP neural network model was established to predict the aging life of rubber. Comparing with the BP neural network model, results from the genetic algorithm optimization model (GA-BP) and the particle swarm optimization model (PSO-BP) showed that the GA-BP network model has better stability and accuracy and can quickly get the global optimal solution. The prediction accuracy of the GA-BP neural network model is better than that of the traditional dynamic model and its result is in good agreement with the experimental data.
Study on System Frame of China Industry Boilers Energy Efficiency Standards
Authors: Liu Ren , Zhao Yuejin , Chen Lili , Chen Haihong
Published: July 2018

Energy consumption is always concerned by China government, from 11th five years plan, central government and departments are trying to deduce the energy consumption and CO2 emission. Massive energy were consumed by industry boiler that pointed out by investigation of energy in China industry, standards for boilers, specially energy efficiency standards are always considered to be a key approach to reduce energy consumption and promote high energy efficiency technology. From the results of survey, industry boiler energy efficiency standards are indeed useful to reduce energy consume. In this paper, we try to research on China industry boilers energy efficiency standards, based on that we concluded the system of China industry boiler energy efficiency standards, and listed all the index of those energy efficiency standards which force to comply. It is very useful to make everyone to understand China industry boiler, and industry boiler energy efficiency standards.
Solar Light Guide and Window Design Based on Energy Conservation and Renovation of Old Office Buildings
Authors: Chen Qiuling , Pan Zerui , Li Junyu , Gan Nianzhong
Published: July 2018

A multiple of researches have been conducted at home and abroad on indoor natural lighting. However, the current lighting methods suffer from different degrees of defects, with high operation and maintenance costs. Therefore, this paper proposes a new type of multifunctional lighting window, integrating the lens fiber optic light guide device and the photovoltaic film, forming a new type of light window integrating optical lens and photovoltaic film, which can effectively meet the needs of energy conservation and environmental protection.
The discussion of the environmental impacts cost about the progress of power station
Authors: Wen CHEN , Tao YAN , Wen CAI , Hong-yan Yang , Zhong-hai WAN
Published: July 2018

The key in the life cycle assessment is how to measure the environmental impacts. In this paper the environmental impacts of power station was measured by the money. Based on the statistic data in all country the environmental impacts cost of power station was concluded, which was combined with the inventory analysis of power station and applied the results of the environmental economics in our country. On this result, it can be further combined with the conventional technical and economic analysis of the power station, which lays a solid foundation for the comprehensive evaluation of TEE (technology, economy and environment) of the production process of the power station.
The Reconstruction of Buddhist Landscape Planning of Kagyu Samye Ling Monastery in Scotland
Authors: Li Xin , Ma Piiilei , Ma Xiuyao
Published: July 2018

By comparing the differences in the Buddhist landscape between Scottish Kagyu Samye Ling Monastery and the Samye Ling Temple in Tibet, the article points out the former has three problems such as an inadequate Buddha-Hall, unbalanced distribution of Buddhist landscapes and incomplete Mandala landscape pattern. It is proposed that to enlarge Buddha-Hall and build out corridors for more circumambulations, and to construct new landscape in four directions to form a complete Buddhist pattern including Dvipa and Eight Small Continents. The conclusion is the reconstruction of Kagyu Samye Ling Monastery in Scotland brings new spatial distinction, which will enhance its influence and sustainable development.So the modernity method of Tibetan Buddhist temples overseas is based on the inheriting the traditional Tibetan Mandala Buddhist pattern, and then to develop the Five-Holy style Buddhist landscape pattern which inculturation with the native site situation.
Approach to the Construction of Green Port in Tianjin Port
Authors: xu Guo , leilei Liu
Published: July 2018

Transportation is one of the main sources of carbon emission, and it is also an important area for reducing greenhouse gas emission and alleviating climate change. Tianjin port is the largest artificial port in China, and it is also an important port in China. The construction of green port can effectively control the energy consumption and pollutant discharge of the port. From five aspects of improving management ways, strengthening propaganda and training, clean energy utilization, technological transformation and environmental protection, this paper puts forward relevant measures for Tianjin port to build green ports, so as to effectively guide Tianjin port to carry out the construction of green ports.
A comprehensive research on petroleum hydrocarbon’s migration processes in Jiaozhou Bay
Authors: Yang Dongfang , Zhu Sixi , Fan Bailing , Wang Ming , Gao Xiaoye
Published: July 2018

Petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) pollution in marine bays has been more and more serous along with the rapid development of industry and economic, and understanding the migration processes in marine bays is essential to environmental protection.This paper provided a comprehensive research on the migration processes and laws in Jiaozhou Bay, Shandong Province of China using investigation data on 1984-1988. As a result, the annual changes of PHC contents, the changes of PHC’s sources and the land-ocean migration process were defined. These findings provided solid theory basis for better understanding the transporting processes and laws of pollutants in marine bay waters.
Landslide Emergency Monitoring and Early Warning Based on Situation Awareness Sensing
Authors: Peng LIU , Zheng-jun HUANG , Yong LI , San-hong SONG , Guo YU , Mo-wen XIE
Published: July 2018

Compared with the traditional landslide monitoring and early warning technology, landslide emergency monitoring and early warning based on situation awareness sensing has the advantages of active sensing, real-time online diagnosis, combination of timing and triggering acquisition and monitoring. Through the comparison and analysis of the engineering application and traditional technology, this paper shows that the system applies the concept of situation awareness to the field of landslide emergency monitoring effectively and accurately. Besides, the vibration and tilt change of the landslide deformation body is obviously earlier than that of displacement, so it is better to monitor the vibration and tilt change of the landslide deformation body than the change of the displacement of the landslide deformation body.
Application of Graphics and Color Language in the Public Space of Modern Cites
Authors: Shi Mengmeng , Li Yousheng
Published: July 2018

It aims to explore the experience design application of graphics and color language in the modern urban public space.We concretely analyzed the response of the graph language and the public space, the resonance of color language and human's emotion,and the visual elements integrated into public space with people's coordination on a basis of experience from the daily life of modern urbanization with the crowd in close contact with the public space.We made a joint analysis of the link response with object perception experience in the public space between graphics and color language, and proposes relevant design and application rules.The rational design and application of graphic and color language in public space is an effective measure for people‘s behaviors that introduction of interactive and awakening of participation consciousness in space.Visual stimulation can effectively stimulate people 's emotional perception of square experience, and help to build a place which is oriented and identified with by the subject to meet the demands of the subject to create a beautiful experience and belonging in the urban public space.
Factors Influencing Ground Settlements on Different Geomorphology Units Based on Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Yuana XiaoBei , Li JunCai , Zhang Peng , Dai YiLi , Rui KaiJun
Published: July 2018

Based on the case Nanjing Metro Line 4, the method Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was
used to study the influence of ground settlement by shield tunnel construction on different geomorphology
units. Correlation analysis and weighted least square method (WLS) were applied for variables selection and
to obtain their relationship with settlement. 5-7 principal components could be used to present the initial 19-
21 variables after decreasing the dimensions of data. For the floodplain of Yangtze River, variable parameters
that highly linearly dependent on settlement were depth of tunnel, distance between the roof of tunnel and the
bottom of soft soil layer, thickness of soft soil, compression modulus of soil that tunnel passed through and
speed of the cutter head. For the Qinhuai ancient channel, variable parameters were Poisson's ratio, porosities,
moisture content, unit weight, cohesion, internal friction angle, compression modulus of soil that tunnel
passed through, advancing speed, earth chamber pressure. For the terrace of Yangtze River, variable
parameters were cohesion, porosities, moisture content, Poisson's ratio, compression modulus and unit weight
of soil. In addition, for the geomorphology unit with col landform, variable parameters were different.
Residuals of regression formula are small, which will have certain reference value in practical engineering.
Research on Parametric Form Design Based on Natural Patterns
Authors: Li X , Su JN
Published: July 2018

Parametric form design method based on natural patterns is proposed for the design schema of the traditional form bionics. Firstly, the concepts of natural patterns are analyzed, concluded and summarized. Secondly, the parametric design thinking is elaborated from three aspects: thinking mode, design flow, tools and scripts. It is also proposes a parametric logo design method. This paper takes logarithmic spiral pattern as an example to describe the process from the law of natural pattern to logo design, which includes nature pattern analysis, control rules of from and color, algorithm research and generating design.
Integrated Development of Communication Technology and Computer Technology
Authors: cong Daijian
Published: July 2018

As the information age comes, new technology has become an important backbone for global economic development. Economic globalization has made all countries and regions value the research and development of new technology. They will rely on new technologies systematically to enhance their economic status and improve the market competency. Therefore, the penetration and integration between different kinds of technologies has seen unprecedented boom. Among them, the development and combination between communication and computer technology is a typical example and has witnessed outstanding performance. At present, computer and telecom computerization equipment has become indispensable communication tools in social life. As a result, a new technology called network communication technology comes into being. This paper mainly discusses computer and communication technology based on existed facts. In the meantime, the integration between the two has been specifically interpreted. At last, it is expected that breakthroughs will be made in science and technology through effective cooperation methods.
The research of regression model in machine learning field
Authors: Rong Shen , Bao-wen Zhang
Published: July 2018

The paper herein will analyze the sale of iced products affected by variation of temperature. Firstly, we will collect the data of the forecast temperature last year and the sale of iced products and then conduct data compilation and cleansing. Finally, we will set up the mathematical regression analysis model based on the cleansed data by means of data mining theory. Regression analysis refers to the method of studying the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. Linear regression model that corresponds to the practical situation is proposed in the paper, which is to set up simple linear regression model based on practical problem and then to implement the following with the help of the latest and most popular Python3.6. Python3.6 boasts the features of pure object-oriented, platform independence and concise and elegant language. So we will call the corresponding library function to predict the sale of iced products according to the variation of temperature, which will provide the foundation for the company to adjust its production each month, or even each week and each day. As a result, the situation of overproduction can be avoided. Moreover, the other situation as the profit will be affected by the lack of production since the rise of temperature will also be avoided. So the regression model also has reference value for the other fields of marketing.
Study on a Quantitative Analysis Method for Pulse Compression Results
Authors: Linzhi MA , Min Wang , Chenxiang WENG , Zhouyan SHI
Published: July 2018

In order to further improve the ability of detecting and evaluating the detection performance and interference effect of the integrated signal, a quantitative analysis method (K-means quantization) for pulse compression is proposed. The method is based on the amplitude analysis of the pulse compression results. By using the improved K-means clustering method, the recognition degree of the selected target points is obtained by induction and analysis. The simulation results show that the analysis of the detection performance or interference performance of the integrated signal is consistent with the traditional analysis conclusion by using K-means quantization method. It has better measurability, objectivity and independence, which can be used for automatic evaluation of the system..
Research Progress and Application of Computer Artificial Intelligence Technology
Authors: Wei Jin
Published: July 2018

With the development of science and technology, artificial intelligence technology has received more and more attention and attention. Under the background of the rapid development of big data and cloud computing, the artificial intelligence industry broke out. There is a huge amount of research on artificial intelligence and the artificial intelligence industry is huge. As far as the artificial intelligence industry in China is concerned, even the start is relatively late, but the industry scale, industrial layout, and technology research are all in a continuous improvement stage. Especially after the deepening of the layout of science and technology and manufacturing industries, the scale of artificial intelligence industry is further developed. More artificial intelligence products will appear at the same time. From the perspective of the concept, development history and new progress of artificial intelligence, this paper combines China’s artificial intelligence market and the development of artificial intelligence companies to analyze the current major application areas, and then further explore the future development trend of artificial intelligence.
Research on the Strategy of Product Ecological Structure Design under Global Ocean Pollution
Authors: Li Chun , Meng Kaining , Yu Qinqin
Published: July 2018

Serious pollution problems in the global offshore area are caused by a large number of municipal wastes from land. The reason is that there are many unenvironmental structure designs in the product design, which brings a lot of waste of resources and environmental pollution and other problems. Based on the principle of 3R, this article integrates the thought of ecological structure design into the "human-machine-environment" ecosystems; establishes the ideological system of product ecological structure design; confirms the feasibility of product ecological structure design with analysis of relevant design cases. Then to establish the assessment system of the economical system to evaluate the ecology of the product structure design.
The Challenges and Transformation of Design Education in Contemporary China
Authors: Yu Peipei , Jerrard Bob
Published: July 2018

This paper explores, through comprehensive perspectives, the challenges of the current design education system in China under the contemporary context. The influences that have transformed design in China from both historical and contemporary context are described mainly from literature. Interview data from professors from various design institutions and senior designers in companies in China were analysed to provide differing perspectives. The research findings show the inter-relationship between the various cultural and historical influences on Chinese design education. The authors conclude on how education might benefit from concentrating on this inter-relationship.
The Color Application of the Representative Pop Art in Modern Design –– Illustrated by the Case of MAOS Design i
Authors: Qian JI , Jiayu ZHENG
Published: July 2018

This study uses Kuler tools to extract color from representative traditional Pop Art works. A total of 25 color samples have been extracted and put into the HSB model for position distribution analysis, while 70 color samples have been extracted from the Pop style modern design works. Through analyzing and contrasting the color samples of traditional pop art and modern pop art design work, the author has summarized the similarities and differences in order to provide new ideas for color research and application.
Research on the Present Condition and Product Design of Suiling Black Pottery in Heilongjiang Province
Authors: Xiaoqi Li , Aili Zhao , Mengshi Jia , Zhenxing Yan , Liangliang Yang , Weijie Wang
Published: July 2018

The paper surveys and analyzes the basic present condition of Suiling black pottery in Heilongjiang Province, and innovates and designs black pottery products. This paper combines traditional technologies with modern design methods to enrich the categories of black pottery products, expands the industry chain, and promotes the economic development of Suiling. The rapid development of modern industry led to the decline of handicraft, and the development of Suiling black pottery has stagnated. Handicrafts should be designed and transformed to ensure the inheritance of traditional culture and skills.
Toys Featured in Tools and Tools Featured in Toys
Authors: Tian-cheng Zhang , Chun-yan Zhang
Published: July 2018

Experience design and crossover development become one of the future directions. The trend of more convenient life highlights the need for the integrated design of tools and toys, and the rapid development of productivity, as a main driving force, makes the project possible. The emotionalization of tools and the practicality of toys shift during the evolution of the integrated design, which will enhance the user’s sensory experience. More attention should be paid to the interaction of rational and affective thinking and crossover products, to promote the all-round development and more experience design, meanwhile, the industrial design should conform to the popular aesthetics.
Empirical Research on Industrial Design Contribution Rate under Statistical Frame
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Liu Ying , Xue Xinyuan
Published: July 2018

This paper studies the evaluation method of industrial design contribution rate from the statistical frame, strives to realize the extension of research results and the replication of research method. This paper firstly identifies the connecting points with the statistics of national scientific activities through streamlining the relationship between industrial design and R&D; and then it selects the appropriate calculating model and variants according to the characteristics of industrial design, as well as established the accumulating effects regression model as per the development rules of product; finally it applies the statistical data of random sampling to calculate the industrial rate of ShunDe District in 2012 and analyzes the research results
Research on Basic Database for Real Property Unified Registration
Authors: Yang Guang , Yang Zhihan , Han Zhijie
Published: July 2018

This paper researches Shanghai’s real property registration, studying the data integration of the information database of real property unified registration in Shanghai and the establishment of information systems of real property unified registration. The means of data cleaning and data integration are used to consolidate all kinds of basic data for real property which are in complex structure and different formats, building a basic information database for real property and providing a strong support for the establishment of information platform.
Research on Publishing CIM Model Change Events through OPC UA
Authors: Peng Zewu , Deng Churan , Wen Bojian , Xu Qingping
Published: July 2018

This paper studies how to publish the change events of CIM model using OPC UA, and proposes a method to publish CIM model change events using OPC UA based on mapping CIM model to OPC UA address space. By comparing with the CIS GDA model change notification service function in the legacy CIS interface, it is confirmed that the OPC UA service completely covers the original CIS GDA model change notification service function. Base-Model-Change-Event-Type and the more detailed General-Model-Change-Event-Type, Semantic-Change-Event-Type are used to provide appropriate model change information for clients through OPC UA Event service. CIM model change events in data platform of distribution grid and utilization system are published using OPC UA, the research results have been verified.
Research and Design of Cross-Language Vertical Search Engine for Special Agricultural E-commerce Platform
Authors: Cao Yaru , Ma Ning , Wan Fucheng , He Xiangzhen
Published: July 2018

Based on the research of vertical search engine and cross-language information retrieval, a crosslanguage vertical search engine design for e-commerce platform is proposed. It aims to solve the problem that it is difficult for Internet users to quickly, efficiently, and comprehensively search for valuable products, especially ethnic minority netizens. Cross-language in this article mainly refers to the conversion of Chinese, English, and Tibetan. Using dictionary-based query translation method to translate query words to achieve cross-language function. Improved Heritrix designed a web crawler information collection method. Using HtmlParser to achieve structured information extraction, and using Lucene to build an index and achieve retrieval.
Upgrading Development and Application of Agricultural Information Service System Based on WeChat Public Platform— —A Case of WeChat Public Platform of 12396 Beijing new rural sci-tech service hotline
Authors: Yu WeiShui , Guo Qiang , Luo ChangShou , Zheng YaMing , Yang Lu , Wang FuRong
Published: July 2018

The WeChat public platform is a new service platform based on WeChat applications that provides business services and user management for individuals, businesses and organizations. It provides a new solution to the lag of agricultural information dissem-ination in the traditional media. However, services based on Tencent's backend can only meet the basic needs of users and reduce the user's experience in agricultural science and technology consulting process. In order to provide efficient and convenient service to users and solve existing problems in consultation process, the platform-related API were used to upgrade the 12396 hotline WeChat public platform to an integrated agricultural information interactive service system. It mainly carries out the following three aspects to upgrade development. Firstly, 12396 hotline WeChat public platform added two sub-menu items, “use ask” and “expert answer” to push the user’s question to expert directly, reducing the backend customer service’s works and improving the efficiency of problem solving. Secondly, 12396 WeChat public platform upgraded and developed an integrated "one-stop" micro-site to allow users know the agriculture market timely, releasing supply and demand information, etc. Thirdly, the 12396 WeChat public platform combined initiative push information with the user's automatic acquisition of information by sending keywords which increased user selectivity. The upgraded platform has obtained a good preliminary application achievement and recognized and welcomed by users. Finally, we concluded and looked forward to the future development direction of agricultural mobile consulting.
Beobachtungen während einer Flusskreuzfahrt
Authors: Even Werner , Ottomann Christian
Published: July 2018

Flussschiffreisen finden in Europa üblicherweise ohne Arztbegleitung an Bord statt, da bei Krankheits- und Notfällen Ärzte und Rettungsdienste in Flussnähe leicht und kurzfristig erreichbar sind. Ausnahmen von dieser Regel bilden Flussschiffreisen in Russland und längere Donaufahrten, die über Budapest hinaus durch das Eiserne Tor zwischen Karpaten und Transsilvanischen Alpen hindurch in die untere Donau und bis zu ihrem Delta im Schwarzen Meer führen. Hier ist ein Bordarzt bei den meisten Reiseveranstaltern üblich.
Gefäßnotfälle im Notarztdienst – Teil 2: rupturiertes Bauchaortenaneurysma und akute Aortendissektion
Authors: Beck Tino , Engelhardt Michael , Hackenbroch Carsten
Published: July 2018

Im 2. Teil der CME-Fortbildung „Gefäßnotfälle“ werden anhand von Fallbeispielen das rupturierte Bauchortenaneurysma und die akute Aortendissektion besprochen. Zu diesen Themen werden Informationen zu Inzidenz und Ätiologie gegeben und das diagnostische Vorgehen sowie leitlinienkonforme therapeutische Sofortmaßnahmen vorgestellt.
Anwendung des Larynxtubus in der Notfallmedizin – Komplikationen und Fallstricke
Authors: Schalk Richard , Byhahn Christian , Klüner Claudia , Bernhard Michael
Published: July 2018

Mit der zunehmenden Anwendung von Larynxtuben in der prähospitalen Notfallmedizin, sowohl durch Notärzte als auch durch nicht ärztliches Rettungsdienstpersonal, werden zunehmend Komplikationen, auch schwerwiegender Art, beobachtet. Anhand eines Fallbeispiels von einem Patienten, bei dem es durch einen unbemerkt fehlplatzierten Larynxtubus zunächst zu einer Cannot intubate, cannot ventilate-Situation mit der Notwendigkeit für einen chirurgischen Atemweg, in der Folge zu einem abdominellen Kompartment-Syndrom aufgrund gastraler Luftinsufflation durch den Larynxtubus kam, werden die typischen Anwenderfehler und Komplikationen aufgezeigt. Den aktuellen Leitlinien der Fachgesellschaften folgend sollen in der Notfallmedizin ausschließlich Larynxtuben der 2. Generation zum Einsatz kommen, welche die Möglichkeit der gastrischen Drainage bieten. Damit diese effizient erfolgen kann, muss eine Magensonde unmittelbar nach Platzierung eingelegt werden. Kann diese nicht eingebracht werden, ist dies quasi beweisend für eine unmittelbar korrekturbedürftige Fehllage. Die Cuffdruckmessung soll zu einem frühestmöglichen Zeitpunkt vorgenommen und der Cuffdruck auf in der Regel maximal 60 cmH2O adjustiert werden, um druckbedingte Zirkulationsstörungen der Zunge mit entsprechender Schwellung zu vermeiden. Schlussendlich sollte ein strukturiertes Ausbildungscurriculum angewendet werden, dass den zukünftigen Anwender für diese Komplikationen sensibilisiert.
Dilation catheter-guided mini-forceps biopsy improves the diagnostic accuracy of malignant biliary strictures
Authors: Ren Ying-Chun , Huang Chun-Lan , Chen Su-Min , Zhao Qiu-Yan , Wan Xin-Jian , Li Bai-Wen
Published: July 2018

Background Tissue sampling for biliary stricture is important for differential diagnosis and further treatment. The aim of this study was to assess a novel dilation catheter-guided mini-forceps biopsy (DCMB) method in the diagnosis of malignant biliary strictures.

Methods 42 patients with malignant biliary stricture who underwent both brush cytology and DCMB during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography between October 2014 and November 2015 were retrospectively included. During DCMB, the mini biopsy forceps was introduced into the biliary stricture through the dilation catheter, and then the position and direction of the forceps were adjusted to obtain tissue samples.

Results The positive rate of DCMB was significantly higher than that of brush cytology (81.0 % [34/42] vs. 38.1 % [16/42]; P < 0.001). No severe complications occurred; three patients (7.1 %) experienced mild procedure-related acute pancreatitis.

Conclusions The novel DCMB technique was a practical, safe, efficient, and low-costing method for diagnosing malignant biliary stricture with a high accuracy rate.
Expression of Functional Coagulation Factor XIII in Escherichia coli
Authors: Board P G , Pierce K , Coggan M
Published: July 2018

Coagulation factor XIII is a zymogen that can be activated by thrombin cleavage to a transglutaminase that catalyses the formation of covalent crosslinks between fibrin chains in the final stages of the blood clotting cascade. Although circulating factor-XIII is composed of A and B subunits the catalytic activity is a property of the A subunits. In this study we have constructed a plasmid (pKKF13A) that contains a cDNA encoding the A subunit positioned downstream of a tac promoter. Escherichia coli containing this plasmid produce A subunit protein when grown in the presence of IPTG. The cloned A subunit has been partially purified and characterized. Comparison with A subunits purified from plasma showed that the cloned A subunits were of the same size, assembled as dimers, and had the same native electrophoretic mobility. The cloned A subunits expressed transglutaminase activity with putrescine, dansylcadaverine and casein as substrates, and were able to crosslink fibrin in clots formed from A subunit deficient plasma. These studies have demonstrated that functional recombinant factor XIII A subunit can be produced in E. coli and suggest that recombinant factor XIII can potentially provide a safe and inexhaustible supply for therapeutic use.
A Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-2 from a Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Line, PL-21, Binds to the Carboxy-Terminal Chain of Plasminogen Activators
Authors: Takeuchi Tetsuo , Niiya Kenji , Kubonishi Ichiro , Miyoshi Isao
Published: July 2018

A promyelocytic leukemia cell line, PL-21, was found to produce an inhibitor of plasminogen activators (PAI). The PAI reacted to anti-PAl-2 but not anti-PAI-1 anti-serum and had an apparent molecular weight of 43 kDa on unreduced SDS-PAGE. The PAI inhibited not only urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) but single- and two-chain tissue-type plasminogen activators (t-PAs) on plasminogen-containing fibrin plate. It formed SDS-stable complexes with both t-PA and u-PA but not with prourokinase as demonstrated by both fibrin zymography and immunoblotting using anti-PA and anti-PAI-2 antisera after SDS-PAGE. These complexes were still present even after reduction with dithiothreitol. The PAI appears to bind to the carboxy-terminal chain of both PAs, because the part of the band corresponding to the carboxy-terminal chain of PAs moved to an upper position as a result of complex formation when two-chain form of PAs were incubated with the PAI and analyzed by SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting
Expression of the Drug-Dependent Antigen for Quinine-Dependent Antiplatelet Antibodies on GP III a but not that on GPI b, II b or IX on Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Pfueller Sharron L , Bilston Robyn A , Jane Stephen , Gibson Jannine
Published: July 2018

In quinine- and quinidine-induced thrombocytopenic purpura IgG antibodies are known to react in a drug-dependent manner with different combinations of surface glycoproteins (GP) Ib , IIb, IIIa and IX. Because endothelial cells share a number of properties of platelets, including the presence of GP Ilia and GPIb-like proteins, we have compared these two cell types for their quinine-dependent IgG binding abilities. By immunoblotting of endothelial cells, quinine-dependent IgG binding from four patient sera was observed only to a 93 kDa component corresponding to GP Ilia. Strong IgG binding independent of the drug was found at 170–180 kDa. Thus endothelial cells express the GP Ilia quinine-dependent epitope on platelet GP IIIa , but not those on other platelet glycoproteins.
Agglutination of Rabbit Platelets in Plasma by the Thrombin Inhibitor D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl Chloromethyl Ketone
Authors: Packham M A , Bryant N L , Guccione M A
Published: July 2018

The specific thrombin inhibitor D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-Larginyl chloromethyl ketone (FPRCH2Cl, PPACK) has been used as an anticoagulant with human blood to permit the preparation
of platclct-rich plasma in which the physiological concentration of Ca2+ is maintained. When we attempted to use FPRCH2Cl(40 εM) as an anticoagulant for rabbit blood, clotting was prevented for at least 6 h at room temperature, but nearly all the platelets agglutinated. Thromboxane B2 was not formed and indomethacin and prostaglandin E1 were not inhibitory. The presence of citrate delayed this agglutination, but only EDTA (not EGTA) prevented it, indicating a dependence on Mg2+. Addition of FPRCH2Cl to suspensions of rabbit platelets in Tyrode-albumin solution had no effect on responses to ADP or collagen, but completely blocked all responses to human or rabbit thrombin. Thus plasma is required for the agglutination. Intravenous injection of FPRCH2Cl (5 mg/3 kg rabbit) reduced the platelet count to less than 50% by 15 to 25 min. Thus FPRCH2Cl cannot be used as an anticoagulant for rabbit blood when platelets are to be examined, and has a profound effect on the platelet count in vivo in rabbits. These effects should be considered when FPRCH2Cl is used as an antithrombotic agent for in vivo experiments with rabbits.
Involvement of Cyclooxygenase- and Lipoxygenase-Mediated Conversion of Arachidonic Acid in Controlling Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation
Authors: Brinkman Herm-Jan M , Buul-Worteiboer Marijke F van , Mourik Jan A van
Published: July 2018

We observed that the growth of human umbilical arterysmooth muscle cells was inhibited by the phospholipase A2 inhibitors p-bromophenacylbromide and mepacrine. Thesefindings suggest that fatty acid metabolism might be integrated in the control mechanism of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. To identify eicosanoids possibly involved in this process, we studied both the metabolism of arachidonic acid of these cells in more detail and the effect of certain arachidonic acid metabolites on smooth muscle cells growth. We found no evidence for the conversion of arachidonic acid via the lipoxygenase pathway. In contrast, arachidonic acid was rapidly converted via the cyclooxy-genase pathway. The following metabolites were identified: prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-k-PGF1α), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT) and 11-hydroxyeicosatetetraenoic acid (11-HETE). PGE2 was the major metabolite detected. Arachidonic acid metabolites were only found in the culture medium, not in the cell. After synthesis, 11-HETE was cleared from the culture medium. We have previously reported that PGE2 inhibits the serum-induced [3H]-thymidine incorporation of growth-arrested human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells. Here we show that also 11-HETEexerts this inhibitory property. Thus, our data suggeststhat human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells convert arachidonic acid only via the cyclooxygenase pathway. Certain metabolites produced by this pathway, including PGE2 and 11-HETE, may inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.
Increased Whole Blood Viscosity during Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Hunter Robert L , Papadea Christine , Gallagher Christopher J , Finlayson Donald C , Check Irene J
Published: July 2018

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that soluble fibrin complexes resulting from the trauma of surgery could produce elevated blood viscosity, to characterize the soluble fibrin polymers, and to evaluate in vitro the effect of a new hemorheologic agent, poloxamer 188, on viscosity in these abnormal situations. Ten patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery were studied before and at various times after surgery. By 6 h after surgery, the mean hematocrit decreased by 23%, fibrinogen decreased 48%, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate decreased 33%, whole blood viscosity at a low shear rate rose on average of 69% and soluble fibrin rose 118%. Over the 6-day observation period, the concentrations of soluble fibrin paralleled the changes in viscosity, whereas the concentrations of fibrinogen varied nearly inversely with viscosity. The effects of various forms of fibrinogen and fibrin were tested by additions to normal blood. Soluble fibrin polymers, but not fibrin monomers, increased blood viscosity two to three fold. Poloxamer 188 reduced the viscosity of all patient samples to the normal range. These data support the hypothesis that increased whole blood viscosity at low shear rates is caused by hydrophobic adhesion of fibrin polymers to red cells and that poloxamer 188 normalizes viscosity by effectively disrupting the weak hydrophobic bonds.
Effects of an Antifibrin Monoclonal Antibody and Fragments thereof on Some Properties of Fibrin
Authors: Wasser M N J M , Welling M , Lamers G , Pauwels E K J , Nieuwenhuizen W
Published: July 2018

Antifibrin monoclonal antibody Y22, of IgG1-subclass, has its epitope in the D-domain of fibrin. In a thrombin time assay, Y22 and its F(ab)2 fragments interfere with clotting of citrated plasma. Transmission and scanning electronmicroscopic studies show that clotting of citrated blood or plasma in the presence of Y22 results in formation of thin, short fibrin fibres. The (smaller) Fab fragments of Y22 did not have an anti-clotting effect. This suggests that the anticoagulant effect of Y22 is due to steric hindrance of the association of fibrin monomers. A control antibody and its F(ab)2 and Fab fragments have no effect on fibrin formation.

In a parabolic rate assay, Y22 Fab fragments interfered strongly with the fibrin-induced enhancement of the t-PA-catalyzed plasminogen activation, whereas intact Y22 and a control antibody did not. In contrast with their effects on the fibrin assembly, the effects of Y22, Y22-F(ab)2 and Y22-Fab on the capacity of fibrin to act as a rate-enhancer in the plasminogen activation by t-PA appears to decrease with the size of the immunoreactive entity. As is discussed, this may be due to the differential accessibility of sites involved in stimulation and polymerization which are located in the fibrin D-domain.
Localization of von Willebrand Factor and Thrombin-Interactive Domains on Human Platelet Glycoprotein Ib
Authors: Katagiri Yashuiro , Hayashi Yaeko , Yamamoto Kazuo , Tanoue Kenjiro , kosaki Goro , Yamazaki Hiroh
Published: July 2018

Platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) functions as receptors for thrombin and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in the presence of ristocetin. To precisely locate the domains on GPIb interacting with vWF and thrombin, we prepared several peptides that have amino acid sequences analogous to that ol the GPIb α-chain and examined their effects on ristocetin-induced (vWFdependent) and thrombin-induced platelet aggregations. A peptide extending from residues Asp235 to Lys262 showed the strongest inhibitory effect on ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination, and a group of overlapping peptides composed of 24-28 amino acid residues representing sequences extending from Phe216 to Asp274 was found to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. Other peptides did not inhibit platelet aggregations. Moreover the binding to platelets of the monoclonal anti-GPIb antibody (TM60) which had been shown to inhibit both ristocetin- and thrombin-induced platelet aggregations was strongly inhibited by a peptide extending from Asp249 to Asp274. These data demonstrate that the vWF-hinding domain exists in a small region between residues Asp235 and Lys262; the thrombin-interacting domain, in contrast, is located between residues Phe216 and Ala274, with a possible center of interaction in the sequence from Phe216 to Thr240 on the GPIb α-chain, and thrombin binding requires a relatively strict conformation in this domain.
Antithrombotic Mechanisms of Urokinase lmmobilized Polyurethane
Authors: Kitamoto Y , Tomita M , Kiyama S , Inoue T , Yabushita Y , Sato T , Ryoda H , Sato T
Published: July 2018

Urokinase immobilized polymer is highly antithrombotic, which cannot be explained only by fibrinolysis. We immobllized 10 IU/cm2 of urokinase to polyurethane by using maleic anhydride methylvinyl ether copolymer as a carrier. Then we incubated blood in circular tubes made of this material, measured the clotting factors and observed the surface of the tubes after incubation by scanning electronmicroscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy. After 5 min incubation, the relative activities of factors V, VIII, IX, X and XII, fibrinogeil, plasminogen and α2 plasmin inhibitor decreased, but the activity of factor VII increased. No platelet adhesion to the surface of the urokinase immobilized polyurethane was observed and there was no significant adsorption of serum proteins, including fibrinogen, fibronectin and vWF antigen, or the surface. Urokinase-immobilized polyurethane catalyzed the digestion of clotting factors as well as fibrinolysis and also inhibited platelet adhesion on its surface probably by inhibiting protein adsorption and its clinical application including vessel prosthesis should be developed further.
Blood Flow Stasis Induced by cw-Nd: YAG Laser Irradiation: Comparative Morphology of Mesenteric and Choroidal Vessels in Pigmented Rabbits
Authors: Zypen E van der , England C , Fankhauser F , Kwasniewska S
Published: July 2018

cw-Nd: YAG laser radiation was effective in producing blood flow stasis within arteries (35 – 40 μm in diameter) of pigmented rabbit mesentery (beam spot size: 80 μm; fluence :2 × 104 J cm−2) and choroid (beam spot size : 200 μm; fluence: 6 × 102 J cm−2) However, the mechanism by which this was achieved differed in each case, and depended upon the energy absorbing structures present in the irradiated tissue. In non-pigmented tissue, such as the mesentaty, haemoglobin represents the primary absorption centre, and the temperature attained within the vessel lumen (as inferred from morphological changes) is sufficient to denature plasma proteins, in particular fibrinogen, which consequently occlude the vessel lumen and arrest bleeding. In pigmented tissue, such as the choroid, melanocyte granules represent the primary absorption centre, which is thus shifted from the vessel lumen to the stroma. The temperature rise achieved within the vessel lumen is consequently loweq as evidenced by the absence of plasma protein denaturation. Blood flow stasis nonetheless occurs, but is triggered according to the normal haemostatic mechanism.
Thromboembolism and Bleeding Tendency in Congenital Factor XII DeficienCy - A Study on 74 Subjects from 14 Swiss Families
Authors: Lämmle Bernhard , Wuillemin Walter A , Huber Isabelle , Krauskopf Marina , Zürcher Christian , Pflugshaupt Rolf , Furlan Miha
Published: July 2018

In order to assess the clinical implications of hereditary F XII deficietrcy, all available members of Swiss families with F XII deficiency were investigated. Based on the F XII: C values and the family pedigree, the 74 subjects, aged 8-–82 years, were classified as homozygotes/double heterozygotes for F XII deficiency (n = 18), as obligatory (n = 20) or possibly (n = 25) heterozygotes, respectively, and as norrnals (n = 11). None of the 18 subjects with F XII: C <0.01 U/ml and only one possibly heterozygous woman had an abnormal bleeding tendency, confirming the notion that Hageman trait generally does not result in a hemorrhagic diathesis. Two of the 18 subjects with severe F XII deficiency had suffered from venous thromboembolic disease at age <40 years. One heterozygous woman had a leg ulcer probably due to venous thrombosis. Thus, whereas homozygous F XII deficiency may be associated with an increased risk for venous thromboembolic disease, partial F XII deficiency is not, by itself, a strong risk factor for thrombosis.

Where as 17 of the 18 subjects with F xII : C <0.01 U/ml had no detectable F XIL Ag, one cross reacting material-positive F XII deficient subject (F XII:Ag = 0.11 U/ml) was identified. The dysfunctional F XII, present in this subject's plasma and tentatively called F XII Bern, is the fourth abnormal F XII molecule identified so far.
Factor VII Clotting Assay: Influence of Different Thromboplastins and Factor VII-Deficient Plasmas
Authors: Poggio Marina , Tripodi Armando , Mariani Guglielmo , Mannucci Pier Mannuccio ,   on behalf of the CISMEL* Study Group
Published: July 2018

Being a putative predictor of ischemic heart disease, the measurement of factor VII (FVTI) coagulant activity will be presumably requested to clinical laboratories with increasing frequency. To assess the influence on FVII assays of different thromboplastins and FVII-deficient plasmas we compared performances of all possible combinations of 5 thromboplastins and 6 deficient plasmas. The reproducibility of the clotting times of the dose-response curves for human and rabbit thromboplastins were acceptable (CV lower than 7%), whereas bovine thromboplastin had a higher CV. Reproducibility was very similar for all deficient plasmas when they were used in combination with a given thromboplastin. Responsiveness of the dose-response curve did not depend on the deficient plasma but rather on the thromboplastin: one rabbit thromboplastin was the least responsive, the bovine thromboplastin the most responsive, the human and the remaining two rabbit thromboplastins had intermediate responsiveness. Assay sensitivity to cold-activated FVII varied according to the thromboplastin: the bovine thromboplastin was the most sensitive, the human thromboplastin the least sensitive, of the three rabbit thromboplastins two were relatively sensitive, one was almost insensitive. In conclusion, our results indicate that thromboplastin rather than deficient plasma is the crucial factor in the standardization of FVII assay.