bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Semiconductor Photocatalysis for Water Purification: Basic Mechanism and Advanced Strategies
Authors: Singh Naorem Premjit , Devi Yengkhom Rangeela
Published: July 2024

Water is essential for all living things, whether it is human beings, animals
or plants. Around 70% of the total earth's surface is covered by water, however only a
small fraction of it (2.5%) is found as fresh water. On the other hand, due to
anthropogenic activities like industrialization, a huge increase in population, utilization
of toxic chemicals in agricultural activities etc., the available freshwater bodies have
been contaminated by various kinds of pollutants, including toxic chemicals released
mainly from industries like textile, which causes hazardous to both human being and
aquatic life. Therefore removal of these toxic chemicals before entering into fresh
water bodies is of great importance. Heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalysis is the
most effective green method in this regard because it enables to degrade the pollutants
into non hazardous products like CO2
and H2O without releasing any harmful residue.
Therefore, understanding the knowledge of photocatalysis mechanism is very
significant to enable further improvement. Hence, this chapter presents the basic
mechanism of photocatalysis, its drawbacks and the advanced strategies to improve the
catalytic efficiency. Finally some of the important factors that provide strong
influences on the catalytic activity also have been discussed.
Construindo a memória... construindo a memória de um campo científico a partir de indicadores bibliométricos da produção de conhecimento em gênero e sexualidade no ensino de biologia no Brasil
Authors: Maia Marcos Felipe Gonçalves , Carvalho Maria Eulina Pessoa de
Published: July 2024

This paper documents the production of knowledge about gender and sexuality in Biology teaching in Brazil, as a scientific field. It aimed to evaluate this body of text based on its bibliometric indicators in order to build the memory of a possible (in)surgent scientific field. The indicators emerged from bibliographical research, using the descriptors "gender, sexuality and biology teaching" insix databases: BDTD/IBICT/Brazil, CAPES Journal Portal, Microsoft Academic, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus. Seventy-one texts were selected, from which bibliometric indicators were developed: chronology, typology, geographic region, quality andcitations, that demonstrate the emergence of a scientific field in the area of biology teaching in Brazil from the beginning of the 2000s. In this way, an alternative form of bibliometric analysis is presented to counter invisibility in the major global indexing centres, which erases the construction and development of a scientific field with quality and impact.
The effect of high-intensity interval training on pulmonary function tests in older adults with heart and pulmonary diseases: A randomized trial
Authors: Rawashdeh Arwa ,   Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Mutah, Jordan, Al-Shuneigat Jehad , Al-Sarayreh Sameeh , Al-Saraireh Yousef , Rawashdeh Isra ,   Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Mutah, Jordan,   Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Mutah, Jordan,   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Mutah, Jordan,   Department of Biotechnology and Medical Science, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
Published: July 2024

In the coming years, the aging population is expected to increase significantly. As people age, their respiratory system undergoes structural and physiological changes, making it difficult to define "normal" limits and distinguish between disease and normal aging. This study aimed to investigate the impact of these changes on individuals over 60 years old, both healthy and those with heart or pulmonary diseases, and to examine the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on them. We used a spirometer to assess respiratory muscle activity daily, measuring Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), the FEV1/FVC ratio, and Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) during three weeks of HIIT in 200 participants over 60 years old. The results showed significant improvements in FEV1, MVV, and the FEV1/FVC ratio after HIIT, suggesting that HIIT positively impacts pulmonary function. Additionally, there was a positive association between MVV and FEV1, and an improvement in FVC was observed. Our findings indicate that HIIT enhances pulmonary function tests and strengthens respiratory muscles in both healthy individuals and patients over 60 years old.
Hospitalizations for Food-Induced Anaphylaxis Between 2016 and 2021: Population-Based Epidemiologic Study
Authors: Jimenez-Garcia Rodrigo , Lopez-de-Andres Ana , Hernandez-Barrera Valentin , Zamorano-Leon Jose J , Cuadrado-Corrales Natividad , de Miguel-Diez Javier , del-Barrio Jose L , Jimenez-Sierra Ana , Carabantes-Alarcon David
Published: July 2024

Background

Food-induced anaphylaxis (FIA) is a major public health problem resulting in serious clinical complications, emergency department visits, hospitalization, and death.

Objective

This study aims to assess the epidemiology and the trends in hospitalizations because of FIA in Spain between 2016 and 2021.

Methods

An observational descriptive study was conducted using data from the Spanish National Hospital discharge database. Information was coded based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision. The study population was analyzed by gender and age group and according to food triggers, clinical characteristics, admission to the intensive care unit, severity, and in-hospital mortality. The annual incidence of hospitalizations because of FIA per 100,000 person-years was estimated and analyzed using Poisson regression models. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to identify which variables were associated with severe FIA.

Results

A total of 2161 hospital admissions for FIA were recorded in Spain from 2016 to 2021. The overall incidence rate was 0.77 cases per 100,000 person-years. The highest incidence was found in those aged <15 years (3.68), with lower figures among those aged 15 to 59 years (0.25) and ≥60 years (0.29). Poisson regression showed a significant increase in incidence from 2016 to 2021 only among children (3.78 per 100,000 person-years vs 5.02 per 100,000 person-years; P=.04). The most frequent food triggers were “milk and dairy products” (419/2161, 19.39% of cases) and “peanuts or tree nuts and seeds” (409/2161, 18.93%). Of the 2161 patients, 256 (11.85%) were hospitalized because FIA required admission to the intensive care unit, and 11 (0.51%) patients died in the hospital. Among children, the most severe cases of FIA appeared in patients aged 0 to 4 years (40/99, 40%). Among adults, 69.4% (111/160) of cases occurred in those aged 15 to 59 years. Multivariable logistic regression showed the variables associated with severe FIA to be age 15 to 59 years (odds ratio 5.1, 95% CI 3.11-8.36), age ≥60 years (odds ratio 3.87, 95% CI 1.99-7.53), and asthma (odds ratio 1.71,95% CI 1.12-2.58).

Conclusions

In Spain, the incidence of hospitalization because of FIA increased slightly, although the only significant increase (P=.04) was among children. Even if in-hospital mortality remains low and stable, the proportion of severe cases is high and has not improved from 2016 to 2021, with older age and asthma being risk factors for severity. Surveillance must be improved, and preventive strategies must be implemented to reduce the burden of FIA.
Correction: Integrating Text and Image Analysis: Exploring GPT-4V’s Capabilities in Advanced Radiological Applications Across Subspecialties (Preprint)
Authors: Busch Felix , Han Tianyu , Makowski Marcus R , Truhn Daniel , Bressem Keno K , Adams Lisa
Published: July 2024

UNSTRUCTURED
Putting the Pieces Together: Harmonizing Egocentric and Digital Data Networks from the N2 Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Shrader Cho-Hee , Duncan Dustin T , Driver Redd , Arroyo-Flores Juan G , Coudray Makella S , Moody Raymond , Chen Yen-Tyng , Skaathun Britt , Young Lindsay , del Vecchio Natascha , Fujimoto Kayo , Knox Justin R , Kanamori Mariano , Schneider John A
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Social network data are essential and informative for public health research and implementation as they provide details on individuals and their social context.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to generate a more complete sociocentric-like “fuzzy” network by harmonizing alternative sources of egocentric and digital network data to examine relationships between participants in the N2 cohort study. Further, we propose to examine network peer effects of status neutral HIV care continuum cascade.

METHODS

Data were collected from January 2018 to December 2019 in Chicago, Illinois, US from a community health center and via peer referral sampling as part of the Neighborhoods and Networks (N2) Cohort Study, comprised of Black sexually minoritized men and gender expansive populations. Participants provided sociodemographics, social networks, sexual networks, mobile phone contacts, and Facebook friend list data. Lab-based information about HIV care continuum cascade was also collected. We used an experimental approach to develop and test a fuzzy matching algorithm to construct a more complete network across confidant, sexual, Facebook, and phone networks using R and Excel. We calculated social network centrality measures for each of these networks and then described the HIV care continuum within the context of each network. We then used Spearman’s correlation and a network autocorrelation model to examine social network peer effects with HIV status and care engagement.

RESULTS

A total of 412 participants resulted in 2,054 network connection (ties) across all confidant, sexual, phone, and Facebook networks - reaching the entire study sample in one fully connected “fuzzy” network. Results from the network autocorrelation model suggest that participants who were proximate to network members who were engaged in care were significantly more likely to be engaged in care (significant at p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Using alternative sources of network data allowed us to fuzzy match a more complete network: fuzzy matching may identify hidden ties among participants which were missed by examining alternative sources of network data separately. Although sociocentric studies may be complex, more complete sociocentric-like networks may be generated using a fuzzy match approach that leverages peer referral, egocentric networks, and digital networks. Enriching offline networks with digital network data may provide insights into characteristics and norms that traditional egocentric approaches may not be able to capture.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/48548
Gestión municipal del agua y capacidades institucionales en México
Authors: Aguilar Miranda Alejandro Alejo Pompilio
Published: July 2024

En este trabajo, se discute sobre las capacidades institucionales de los gobiernos municipales en la prestación de los servicios de agua potable, drenaje, alcantarillado,tratamiento y disposición de sus aguas residuales; consecuentemente, se cuestiona ¿qué son las capacidades institucionales? y ¿qué capacidades institucionales debe desarrollarun gobierno municipal en la gestión del agua? El problema de investigación es de ordensemántico (analítico). Tal desarrollo desencadena una serie de preguntas que alertan sobre la suficiencia o insuficiencia de habilidades de los gobiernos municipales para cumplir con su encomienda hídrica.
Legislative Obstacles to the Right to Be Forgotten in China’s Network Environment
Authors: Zhao Yifan
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the rapid development of network technology in China has changed our lives and at the same time triggered new challenges to our right to information. Since ancient times, human beings have been trying to challenge to overcome forgetting, and the Internet has changed the law of people’s memory. The right to be forgotten has come into people’s attention since the “Gonzalez v. Google Inc. and Pioneer Newspaper” in the European Union in 2014, which triggered discussions in the academic community, and then the first case of the right to be forgotten in China, “Ren Jiayu v. Baidu”, has pushed the localization of the study of the protection of personal information and the right to be forgotten to a new level in our country. The case of Ren Jiayu v. Baidu, the first case of the right to be forgotten in China, also pushed the protection of personal information and the localization of the right to be forgotten to a climax. However, the right to be forgotten in China is facing multi-level legislative difficulties. In this paper, we will discuss it once and for all.
A Comparative Study of Sampling Techniques for Imbalanced Credit Card Fraud Detection
Authors: Penumala Shyam
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Credit card fraud detection remains a critical challenge for financial institutions due to the highly imbalanced nature of the data, where fraudulent transactions are vastly outnumbered by legitimate ones. This study presents a comparative analysis of various sampling techniques to address this imbalance and enhance fraud detection performance. We explore and evaluate methods including Tomek Links Undersampling, Borderline-SMOTE, and hybrid techniques combining Borderline-SMOTE with Tomek Links and BIRCH Clustering. Using a synthetic dataset from the PaySim, we assess the effectiveness of these techniques across multiple machine learning models. Our results demonstrate that hybrid approaches, particularly those integrating both oversampling and undersampling, significantly improve classification metrics such as F1-score, ROC-AUC, and precision-recall. This comprehensive evaluation provides valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of each method, offering practical guidelines for selecting appropriate sampling strategies in fraud detection systems.
Improving students’ cognitive skill: The use of the project-based learning of STEM Model
Authors: Lestari Ita Tri , Ambarwati Unik , Asih Tri
Published: July 2024

Science learning emphasises the provision of direct experience to develop students’ competencies in exploring and understanding the natural surroundings scientifically. However, the science learning process in SDN 2 Bulusan, Indonesia, remains directed at students’ ability to merely remember various information without relating it to their natural surroundings. This impacted students’ ability to understand science only to the extent of rote memorisation. There is a need for an approach that improves students’ cognitive skills to achieve the desired ability. The objectives of this study are: (1) to explain the procedures of Project-based Learning (PjBL) in teaching Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM); and (2) to improve scientific attitudes and students’ cognitive learning outcomes. This research employed classroom action research (CAR) with two cycles for 13 fifth graders of SDN 2 Bulusan. The data was obtained through interviews, observation, and tests, which were analysed using source triangulation and technique triangulation. The results showed that: (1) PjBL STEM was carried out through reflection, research, discovery, application, and communication; and (2) students’ cognitive learning outcomes have increased as shown through minimum completion criteria, which improved from 76.9% to 92.3%. This finding shows that PjBL STEM potentially improves the cognitive learning outcomes of Indonesian fifth-graders.
The development of an interactive e-worksheet using wizer.me on social studies learning for grade 7 at junior high school
Authors: Sahida Driya Safina , Wiradimadja Agung
Published: July 2024

In the learning process, obstacles are often found such as students having difficulty understanding the material, boredom while studying, and a lack of motivation to learn. This results in the learning process being less than optimal. Based on pre-research activities at SMPN 3 Krian, Sidoarjo District. Based on pre-research activities at SMPN 3 Krian, Sidoarjo, the learning process in class did not use teaching materials in the form of the electronic worksheet so students had difficulty understanding the material and were bored during the learning process This research aims to develop an interactive e-worksheet based on wizer.me to overcome these problems. This research method is Research & Development using the ADDIE model with analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation steps. As the result of this research, the author succeeded in developing an interactive e-worksheet based on wizer.me which involves students with e-worksheet in the learning process. students will not only see and hear but there will be interaction or reciprocity between students and the e-worksheet. This interactive e-worksheet can help students understand the material and increase learning motivation. Based on the research results, this e-worksheet is very feasible and can be used in social studies learning so that it can help students understand the subject matter.
Brain Tumors in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Dr. Kumud Kumari  , Jha Dr. Anand Mohan
Published: July 2024

Pediatric brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children, comprising a diverse group of neoplasms that vary in histology, location, and behavior. Common types include astrocytomas, medulloblastomas, ependymomas, and brainstem gliomas. Symptoms often depend on the tumor's location and may include headaches, nausea, vomiting, balance issues, and cognitive or behavioral changes. Advances in imaging, surgical techniques, and therapies, including radiation and chemotherapy, have improved outcomes. However, treatment can have long-term effects on cognitive and physical development, making comprehensive care and follow-up essential for pediatric patients. Early published reviews on pediatric brain tumors may have several lacunae, such as limited data on long-term outcomes, emerging treatment modalities, and the genetic and molecular underpinnings of various tumor types. They might also inadequately address the psychosocial impacts on patients and families. Therefore, a comprehensive review is needed to synthesize the latest research on pediatric brain tumors, encompassing advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship care. This updated review will provide valuable insights for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers to improve managing and supporting children with brain tumors. The review covers various aspects of pediatric brain tumors, focusing on choroid plexus tumors and spinal cord tumors. It discusses treatment strategies, highlighting surgical, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy options. The review also details presenting signs and symptoms of brain tumors in children, such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, balance issues, and changes in behavior or cognition. These insights aim to enhance early diagnosis and effective management, improving outcomes for affected children. This review addresses gaps in earlier studies on pediatric brain tumors by providing comprehensive insights into choroid plexus and spinal cord tumors, updated treatment strategies, and detailed symptoms. It synthesizes recent research to enhance early diagnosis and management, meeting current needs for effective, tailored treatment and improving patient outcomes.
Next-generation sequencing technology in cancer
Authors: P. Krubaa  , Jha Dr. Anand Mohan , Mahmood Prof Dr.Ammar A.Razzak , Kumar Dr. Anil , Abraham Dr.John
Published: July 2024

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has revolutionized cancer research and treatment by enabling comprehensive analysis of genetic mutations, alterations, and expression profiles. It allows for the identification of cancer-driving mutations, helping in the development of targeted therapies. NGS provides detailed insights into tumor heterogeneity, resistance mechanisms, and clonal evolution. Its high-throughput capacity facilitates large-scale studies, improving our understanding of cancer genomics. By enabling personalized treatment plans based on individual genetic profiles, NGS holds promise for more effective and tailored cancer therapies. Early reviews on cancer genomics often lacked comprehensive coverage of emerging technologies. They missed in-depth analysis of NGS advancements, their impact on cancer research, and clinical applications. The review addresses this gap by reviving a thorough examination of NGS methods, their role in identifying genetic mutations, and their potential in personalized cancer treatment, thus providing essential insights into the evolving landscape of cancer genomics. The article covers the advancements in technology and bioinformatic approaches for NGS data analysis. It delves into NGS applications in research and diagnostics, particularly for solid cancer diagnosis. The review highlights specific cancer types, including hereditary breast cancer, melanoma, prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. It explores NGS contribution in understanding the genetic basis of these cancers and its potential for enhancing personalized diagnosis and treatment strategies. This review rectifies early lacunas by providing a comprehensive and updated examination of NGS technology, addressing gaps in previous analyses and emphasizes bioinformatic approaches for NGS data analysis, crucial for interpreting vast genomic data accurately. The review meets the current need for a thorough understanding of NGS’s role in personalized cancer treatment and research.
Prilog poznavanju gradskoga statuta, notarijata i službe kancelara u Baru
Authors: Marković Savo
Published: July 2024

Nekoliko dokumentarnih svjedočanstava barske pravne povjesnice razmotreno je u kontekstu budvanskoga statuta i isprava iz 15./16. stoljeća koje su sačinjavale legislativni korpus te susjedne komune. Komparirane su i slične norme statuta drugih bližih jadranskih gradova. Privilegiji koje su Baru potvrđivale mletačke vlasti te izvještaji mletačkih sindika sagledani su u kontekstu gradskoga statuta, apelacijskoga sudskog postupka i općinskoga administrativnog aparata. Pored toga što se rasvjetljava uloga kancelara u kaznenopravnim stvarima, prilog (pre)poznavanju statuta Bara omogućava i topografija spomenuta u budvanskom statutu. Na osnovi navedenog, kao i sličnoga formuliranja pojedinih normi, sasvim je vjerojatno statut Bara poslužio kao temeljni zakonski predložak za redakciju, odnosno kodifikaciju budvanskoga prava u 17. stoljeću.
Toponomastička i onomastička analiza popisa erdutskoga
vlastelinstva iz 1480. godine
Authors: Njari Denis , Plantosar Petra
Published: July 2024

U radu se na temelju, prije svega, neobjavljenih izvora nastoji prikazati rekonstrukcija naselja erdutskoga vlastelinstva i njihovih kućedomaćina krajem 15. stoljeća. Nakon uvodnoga dijela dan je osvrt na izvore korištene u radu te literaturu usko vezanu uz temu. Središnji dio rada započinje pregledom srednjovjekovne povijesti erdutskoga posjeda s pripadajućim naseljima te promjena uzrokovanih osmanskim osvajanjima. Nadalje, na temelju izvora iz 1480. godine te u korelaciji s drugim srednjovjekovnim i ranonovovjekovnim izvorima, kao i sekundarnom literaturom, prikazana je analiza geografskoga smještaja naselja, na koju se nadovezuje klasifikacija ojkonima. Raspravom o stanovništvu posjeda obuhvaćen je i dio izvora koji sadržava broj kućedomaćina u svakom naselju na posjedu. Navedeno se proteže na antroponimijsku analizu te analizu muških osobnih imena u izvoru. Konačno, dan je kritički osvrt na rezultate istraživanja.
Nesretni smrtni slučajevi i nasilna smrt u matičnim knjigama umrlih reformiranoga stanovništva u južnoj Baranji (1750. – 1850.)
Authors: Lovaš Eldina , Božić Bogović Dubravka
Published: July 2024

U radu se na temelju podataka iz matičnih knjiga umrlih deset južnobaranjskih reformiranih crkvenih općina (Bilje, Karanac, Kamenac, Kotlina, Kneževi Vinogradi, Kopačevo, Lug, Vardarac, Suza, Zmajevac) analiziraju nesretni smrtni slučajevi i nasilna smrt između 1750. i 1850. godine. Primjenom kvantitativne, kvalitativne i statističke metode u obradi podataka utvrdit će se vrste i učestalost nesretnih smrtnih slučajeva, njihov sezonski karakter te dobna i spolna struktura preminulih. Na temelju upisa o nasilnoj smrti u matičnim knjigama umrlih prikazat će se zastupljenost ubojstava u spomenutim reformiranim zajednicama, kao i načini na koji su počinjena.
The Frankapan Seat of Modruš with Tržan-grad in Jan van Scorel’s Holy Kinship in Obervellach
Authors: Jurković Ivan
Published: July 2024

According to his biographer, Karel van Mander, the Netherlandish painter Jan van Scorel spent a brief period studying with Albrecht Dürer before setting of for Carinthia, where he was warmly received by the local nobility. Historians have long been aware of the commissions from this period of van Scorel’s career – the Adoration of the Magi and the Frangipani-Altar. Originally a triptych, the latter work was “modernized” and, in 1692, encased in a Baroque altar housing in the church of St. Martin in the Carinthian village of Obervellach. The coats of arms on the reverse of the Holy Kinship indicate that the painting was commissioned by Count Christopher Frankapan and his wife Apollonia Lang of Wellenburg. However, over time, art historians have assumed that the Holy Kinship portrays members of the Lang family, leading to the conclusion that the work was commissioned by Apollonia’s brother, Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg, Cardinal and Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg. However, the backdrop against which the family members are portrayed, featuring the town, new fortress, and castle on the hill, corresponds to Modruš with Tržan-grad, owned at the time by the Frankapan family.
1113-P: Utilizing a Novel Telemedicine Clinic for Managing Type 2 Diabetes—A Six-Month Pilot Study
Authors: SOTOMAYOR FIORELLA , GOTHONG CHIKARA , HERNANDEZ REYNIER , CHOE MONICA Y. , ASH GARRETT I. , SCOTT WILLIAM H. , PINAULT LILLIAN , GOMEZ-PERALTA FERNANDO , SINGH LAKSHMI G. , SORKIN JOHN D. , (ELIAS) SPANAKIS ILIAS
Published: July 2024

Introduction & Objective: RCT aimed to assess if a Diabetes Advanced Telemedicine (DAT) clinic leads to improvement in glycemic control compared to standard of care (SoC).

Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) randomized to DAT or SoC. DAT used continuous glucose monitoring devices, smart insulin pens, telecommunication (i.e. video visits) with physical activity (PA) counseling by an exercise physiologist. SoC used glucometers, traditional insulin pens, in-person visits and PA counseling by providers. Primary outcome was change in HbA1c. Secondary outcomes were time in range (TIR) 70-180 mg/dl, time above range (TAR)>180 mg/dl, TAR>250 mg/dl and time below range (TBR)<70 mg/dl. ANCOVA was used, adjusted for baseline value to determine the relation between group and outcome, and report p-values of the interaction term, group*time. Exercise was evaluated by senior fitness test and assessed by Hedge’s g effect size.

Results: Twenty-four patients with T2D completed the trial. Non-statistically significant reductions in glucose metrics were seen. HbA1c decreased by 2.2% (DAT) vs 1.1% (SoC) (-1.1%, [-0.2, -1.8], p=0.076). TIR 70-180 mg/dL increased 17.3% vs 15.4% (+1.9%, [-16.1,15.5], p=0.984), TAR>180 mg/dL decreased 20.5% vs 17.9% (-2.6%, [-21.5,10.5], p=0.756), TAR>250 mg/dL decreased 17.1% vs 6.0% (-11.1%. [-20.3,2.7], p=0.375), TBR changed 0.41% vs -0.88% (+0.47, [-0.16,1.37], p=0.054), DAT vs. SoC, respectively. Fitness tests, completed by 60% of participants, showed improvements in medium strength (bicep curls g=0.90 /p=0.06, chair stands g=0.63/p=0.18), daily physical function (g=0.56/p=0.20), aerobic performance (6min walk test g=0.24/p=0.61), agility/flexibility (timed up and go g=-0.30/p=0.49, back stretch g=-0.51/p=0.26).

Conclusions: T2D patients managed by DAT had non-significant improvement in glucose control driven by decreased hyperglycemia > 250 mg/dl. Non-significant modest increase in PA observed.

Disclosure

F. Sotomayor: None. C. Gothong: None. R. Hernandez: None. M.Y. Choe: None. G.I. Ash: None. W.H. Scott: None. L. Pinault: None. F. Gomez-Peralta: Advisory Panel; Abbott. Speaker's Bureau; Abbott. Advisory Panel; Eli Lilly and Company. Speaker's Bureau; Eli Lilly and Company. Advisory Panel; Insulcloud S.L. Speaker's Bureau; Medtronic. Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk. Speaker's Bureau; Novo Nordisk. Advisory Panel; Sanofi. L.G. Singh: None. J.D. Sorkin: None. I. Spanakis: Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc.
121-OR: Safety, Tolerability, and Metabolic Effects of Once-Weekly GL0034 (Utreglutide) in Individuals with Obesity—A Multiple Ascending Dose Study
Authors: THENNATI RAJAMANNAR , BURADE VINOD S. , NATARAJAN MUTHUKUMARAN , SHAHI PRADEEP , NAGARAJA RAVISHANKARA , AGRAWAL SUDEEP K. , DUVAUCHELLE THIERRY , GARCIA-OCANA ADOLFO , RUTTER GUY A. , PRATLEY RICHARD E. , THORENS BERNARD , VILSBØLL TINA
Published: July 2024

Introduction & Objective: GL0034 (GL), a once weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, previously demonstrated significant reductions in body weight (BW) up to Day 22 in a single ascending dose study in individuals with obesity. This phase 1 study assessed the safety, tolerability and metabolic effects of GL after multiple ascending doses.

Methods: Individuals with BMI ≥28 kg/m2 (N=24) were randomized (9:3) to subcutaneous GL, fixed doses (4 × 680 µg; cohort 1); or increasing doses (680, 900, 1520, 2000 µg; cohort 2) or placebo, once weekly for four weeks. Safety, tolerability and key metabolic parameters were assessed.

Results: Most common adverse events (AE) were gastrointestinal (GI) with dose-dependent nausea, decreased appetite and vomiting. One individual with a GI related serious AE rapidly recovered upon treatment with intravenous rehydration. On Day 23, reduction was observed in all parameters from baseline (BL) with significant reductions in glucose area under the curve and HbA1c in both groups. In cohorts 1 & 2, BW reduction versus BL was 2.9 kg and 4.6 kg respectively on Day 29 (Table).

Conclusions: In individuals with obesity, once weekly GL dosing for four weeks, demonstrated clinically relevant reductions in glucose, insulin, HbA1c, lipids and BW with an overall good tolerability.

Disclosure

R. Thennati: None. V.S. Burade: None. M. Natarajan: None. P. Shahi: None. R. Nagaraja: None. S.K. Agrawal: None. T. Duvauchelle: Consultant; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. A. Garcia-Ocana: Consultant; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. G.A. Rutter: Advisory Panel; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. R.E. Pratley: Other Relationship; Bayer AG, Dompé, Endogenex, Inc., Gasherbrum Bio, Inc., Hengrui (USA) Ltd., Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer Inc., Rivus Pharmaceuticals Inc., Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Consultant; AbbVie Inc., AstraZeneca. Other Relationship; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Biomea Fusion, Carmot Therapeutics, Inc., Corcept Therapeutics, Fractyl Health, Inc., Genprex. Consultant; Getz Pharma. Other Relationship; Lilly USA LLC, Sanofi. Consultant; Scholar Rock, Inc. B. Thorens: Advisory Panel; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. T. Vilsbøll: Consultant; AstraZeneca. Advisory Panel; Boehringer-Ingelheim. Speaker's Bureau; Mundipharma. Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk, Lilly Diabetes, Sanofi. Speaker's Bureau; Bayer Inc., Gilead Sciences, Inc. Advisory Panel; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Research Support; Lilly Diabetes.
1217-P: Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Secretion Differentially Affect Birthweight and Postpartum Glucose
Authors: ROSENBERG EMILY A. , JAMES KAITLYN , PANT DEEPTI , HSU SARAH , AZEVEDO ROBIN L. , MICHALOPOULOS CHLOE , THAWEETHAI TANAYOTT , POWE CAMILLE E. , MEDINA BAEZ ARANTXA
Published: July 2024

Background: Insulin deficiency and insulin resistance are two fundamental mechanisms that lead to hyperglycemia. Despite variation in the underlying physiology, individuals with hyperglycemia in pregnancy are treated similarly.

Methods: Pregnant women with diabetes risk factors completed a 2-hr 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 10-15 weeks’ gestation, 24-32 weeks’ gestation, and postpartum. We tested for associations between insulin sensitivity (opposite of insulin resistance, Matsuda index) or insulin secretory response (Stumvoll estimate) in the 1st trimester with birthweight percentile (for gestational age and sex) or 2-hr post-OGTT glucose postpartum. We used linear regression, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, gestational age, BMI, GDM treatment (birthweight analyses), weeks postpartum (glucose analyses) and insulin sensitivity (insulin secretory response analyses).

Results: We studied N=151 pregnant women at a median [IQR] =12 [11-13] weeks’ gestation. N=107 had data at median [IQR] 9 [7-13] weeks postpartum. A 1-unit increase in 1st trimester insulin sensitivity (log Matsuda) was associated with a decrease of 6.9 in birthweight percentile (95% CI [-13.7, -0.05] P=0.045). 1st trimester insulin secretory response (log Stumvoll) was not associated with birthweight (β=-12.7 95% CI [-28.3, 2.9] P=0.11). 1st trimester insulin sensitivity was not associated with postpartum 2-hr OGTT glucose (β=-0.80 95% CI [-9.6, 8.0] mg/dL P=0.86), while a 1 unit increase in 1st trimester insulin secretory response was associated with a 36 mg/dL decrease in 2-hr OGTT glucose (95% CI [-53.7, -18.8] P=<0.001).

Conclusion: Early pregnancy insulin sensitivity is more strongly associated with birthweight, while insulin secretory response has a stronger relationship with postpartum glycemia. Insulin resistance may confer more risk for perinatal complications, while insulin deficiency may confer more risk for postpartum hyperglycemia.

Disclosure

E.A. Rosenberg: None. K. James: None. D. Pant: None. S. Hsu: None. R.L. Azevedo: None. C. Michalopoulos: None. T. Thaweethai: None. C.E. Powe: Consultant; Mediflix. Other Relationship; Wolters Kluwer Health. A. Medina Baez: None.
1229-P: Blood Glycated Albumin or Fructosamine (GA/Fruc) Rather Than Hemoglobin A1c (A1C) Is Useful for Specifying Individuals Having a Macrosomic Baby—Meta-analysis
Authors: KODAMA SATORU , YAMADA TAKAHO , YAGYUDA NORIKO , FUJIHARA KAZUYA , MON KHIN LAY , KITAZAWA MASARU , YAMAMOTO MASAHIKO , MATSUBAYASHI YASUHIRO , KATO KIMINORI , SONE HIROHITO
Published: July 2024

Introduction & Objective: Poor glycemic control (GC) increases the risk of various pregnancy complications. Both A1C and GA/Fruc are convenient as they require only one measurement and do not impose fasting. However, GA/Fruc is possibly a better predictor of complications than A1C during pregnancy when GC quickly changes. This meta-analysis compared the predictive ability of pregnancy complications between A1C and GA/Fruc.

Methods: We comprehensively searched for studies of prediction of maternal or neonatal adverse outcomes using both A1C and GA/Fruc and for their best cut-off values in each study presenting 2 x 2 data (i.e., true-positive, false-negative, true-negative, and false-positive cases).

Results: Of 9 eligible studies, 7 predicted macrosomia and could be meta-analyzed using a hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristic (HSROC) model. Other complications were impossible to be analyzed because of an insufficient number of data. Pooled specificity (95% confidence interval [CI]) was significantly higher (P=0.02) for GA/Fruc (0.83 [0.70-0.91]) compared with A1C (0.57 [0.35-0.77]) while pooled sensitivity (95% CI) was 0.44 (0.26-0.63) for GA/Fruc and 0.67 (0.50-0.81) for A1C (P for difference, 0.17).

Conclusion: Compared with A1C, GA/Fruc is useful for specifying individuals having a macrosomic baby.

Disclosure

S. Kodama: None. T. Yamada: None. N. Yagyuda: None. K. Fujihara: None. L. Khin: None. M. Kitazawa: None. M. Yamamoto: None. Y. Matsubayashi: None. K. Kato: None. H. Sone: Research Support; Novo Nordisk, Astellas Pharma Inc., Kowa Company, Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Eisai Inc., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd.
155-OR: Genetic Variation and Time to Progression in TN10 (Teplizumab)
Authors: MICHALEK DOMINIKA A. , ONENGUT-GUMUSCU SUNA , CHEN WEI-MIN , BRUSKO TODD M. , STECK ANDREA , GOTTLIEB PETER , ORAM RICHARD A. , KRISCHER JEFFREY , PARIKH HEMANG M. , REDONDO MARIA J. , HEROLD KEVAN C. , RICH STEPHEN S.
Published: July 2024

Introduction & Objective: TN10 Anti-CD3 Prevention (TN10) was a randomized phase 2 clinical trial that showed teplizumab delayed progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D) in high-risk participants. Both HLA and non-HLA variants could influence time to progression. Here, genome-wide analysis identified variants and pathways that influence time to progression in TN10 participants.

Methods: In TN10, relatives with stage 2 T1D (i.e., multiple autoantibodies and dysglycemia) received either teplizumab (N = 44) or placebo (N = 32). Samples were genotyped with a genome-wide array followed by imputation. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine the effect of teplizumab, SNPs, and their interaction on time to progression to stage 3 T1D. Thousands of Polygenic Scores (PGSs) from the PGS catalogue were inferred for each of the TN10 samples, and we identified PGS traits that shared common genetic modifiers with time to progression with teplizumab.

Results: A genome-wide analysis identified three loci associated with time to progression (p < 5 x 10-6). Two loci contain genes implicated in the inflammatory response (NFKBIZ) and drug metabolism effect (FMO3). SNP-drug interaction analysis identified four known T1D regions that account for progression differences in teplizumab vs placebo: CCR9 (rs34549672), SH2B3 (rs3184504), UBASH3A (rs9984852), and INS (rs3842761). Within the teplizumab group, novel loci (p < 5 x 10-6) were associated with time to progression, including ZNF385D, CCDC38, SHH, ZNF366, ITPKB and RABGAP1L. Traits with similar genetic contribution to teplizumab time to progression were vitamin B12 (AUC = 0.76) and vitamin D (AUC = 0.72).

Conclusions: In individuals with stage 2 T1D, variants in inflammatory, immune-relevant, and drug-responsive genes are associated with teplizumab time to progression. Similarity of the teplizumab-responsive polygenic score with other traits implicate novel pathways that could influence teplizumab treatment.

Disclosure

D.A. Michalek: None. S. Onengut-Gumuscu: None. W. Chen: None. T.M. Brusko: None. A. Steck: None. P. Gottlieb: Other Relationship; IM Therapeutics. Research Support; Imcyse. Advisory Panel; Imcyse. Consultant; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF). Research Support; Hemsley Charitable Trust, Novartis AG, Provention Bio, Inc., Precigen, Inc. Advisory Panel; ViaCyte, Inc. Research Support; Nova Pharmaceuticals. R.A. Oram: Research Support; Randox R & D. Consultant; Provention Bio, Inc., Sanofi. J. Krischer: None. H.M. Parikh: None. M.J. Redondo: None. K.C. Herold: Consultant; Sanofi. S.S. Rich: None.

Funding

National Institutes of Health (1R01DK121843-01)
1557-P: Increased PAHSA Hydrolysis Driven by Mutant Carboxyl Ester Lipase (CEL) Contributes to Beta-Cell Dysfunction in MODY8
Authors: SANTORO ANNA , KAHRAMAN SEVIM , BASILE GIORGIO , EL JELLAS KHADIJA , HU JIANG , TARPEY RYAN , JOHANSSON BENTE B. , DIRICE ERCUMENT , SYED ISMAIL , SIEGEL DIONICIO , MOLVEN ANDERS , KAHN BARBARA B. , KULKARNI ROHIT
Published: July 2024

Maturity onset diabetes of the young type 8 (MODY8) is caused by genetic mutations in the CEL gene which is expressed primarily in pancreatic acinar cells. MODY8 patients develop pancreatic exocrine and endocrine dysfunction. How the enzymatic function of mutant (MUT) CEL contributes to the development of diabetes in MODY8 is unknown. Palmitic Acid Hydroxy Stearic Acids (PAHSAs) are signaling lipids that augment glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). CEL is the major PAHSA hydrolytic enzyme in the pancreas.

Aim: To determine whether CEL regulates insulin secretion and whether the increased PAHSA hydrolytic activity of MUT CEL contributes to MODY8 pathogenesis.

Methods: We overexpressed wildtype (WT) or MUT CEL in acinar cells in vitro and in vivo. In vivo, we used 2 approaches both with AAV8 driven by an acinar cell specific promoter: intraductal AAV injections in wildtype mice and intraperitoneal AAV injections in CEL KO mice. CEL overexpression was detected exclusively in acinar cells.

Results: 9-PAHSA augments GSIS in human pancreatic beta cells. Recombinant CEL inhibits the PAHSA effect. MUT CEL overexpression in acinar cells increases 9-PAHSA hydrolytic activity compared to WT CEL. In vivo, MUT CEL expression in acinar cells of wildtype mice markedly impairs glucose tolerance. In CEL KO mice, expression of MUT CEL in acinar cells impairs GSIS. Both WT and MUT CEL reduce total pancreatic PAHSA levels in CEL KO mice. However, 12/13-PAHSAs were reduced only with MUT CEL expression.

Conclusions: 1) CEL in acinar cells alters PAHSA hydrolysis and modulates insulin secretion. 2) MUT CEL potentially contributes to the development of diabetes by increasing PAHSA hydrolysis and thereby limiting the normal PAHSA-induced augmentation of GSIS. 3) These data highlight the critical role of acinar-beta cell interactions and the physiologic role of PAHSAs in insulin secretion and provide opportunities for developing strategies to treat MODY8 and other forms of diabetes.

Disclosure

A. Santoro: None. S. Kahraman: Employee; Boehringer-Ingelheim. G. Basile: None. K. El Jellas: None. J. Hu: None. R. Tarpey: None. B.B. Johansson: None. E. Dirice: None. I. Syed: None. D. Siegel: None. A. Molven: None. B.B. Kahn: Advisory Panel; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Consultant; Vida Ventures Advisors, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc. R. Kulkarni: Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk, Biomea Fusion, Inc. Consultant; Inversago Pharma. Advisory Panel; REDD Pharmaceutical.

Funding

K01 DK128075 (Anna Santoro), U01DK135095 (Rohit N. Kulkarni), R01DK067536 (Rohit N. Kulkarni), NIH R01 DK106210 (Barbara B. Kahn), JPB foundation (Barbara B. Kahn), and NIH P30 DK135043 (Barbara B. Kahn). Anna Santoro, Sevim Kahraman, Barbara B. Kahn and Rohit N. Kulkarni contributed equally.
1970-LB: A Sugary Recipe for Adverse Outcomes? Third Trimester HbA1c and Composite Obstetric and Perinatal Adverse Outcomes, a Prospective Study
Authors: HAO-CHEN WU JESSICA , ULIN MARA , HASSAN SAMREEN , MAI-PHUONG TRAN QUANG CAMILLE , KARRI ANUSHA , SIEBEN DANNIE , ALVARADO FERNANDA , GERALDO VICTORIA , JHA KAMLESH K. , BISHOP-ROYSE JESSICA C. , LAMPLEY EDWARD C.
Published: July 2024

Objective: to evaluate the association between elevated HbA1c levels close to delivery and the increased risks of composite obstetric and perinatal adverse outcomes.

Method: women with singleton pregnancies, at 34 weeks or above admitted for delivery were invited. HbA1c levels were obtained during the admission. The composite obstetrics and perinatal adverse outcomes were collected and analyzed.

Results: 609 participants were included. The PPV of HbA1c > 5.8% in diabetes is 68% and the NPV is 91%. HbA1c > 5.8% is associated with increased odds of Cesarean section, primary Cesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, macrosomia, NICU admission, hypoglycemia, respiratory morbidity, and any perinatal adverse events. The outcomes were analyzed after the adjustment for confounders with multivariable logistic regression, the elevated HbA1c levels were still associated with increased cesarean section, primary cesarean section, macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and any perinatal adverse events.

Conclusion: third-trimester HbA1c > 5.8% is associated with higher odds of several major obstetric and perinatal adverse outcomes and could be a useful tool during prenatal care to improve pregnancy outcomes.

Disclosure

J. Wu: None. M. Ulin: None. S. Hassan: None. C. Quang: None. A. Karri: None. D. Sieben: None. F. Alvarado: None. V. Geraldo: None. K.K. Jha: None. J.C. Bishop-Royse: None.
Microbial Community Structure in Anaerobic Digestion for Green Energy Production: A Mini Review
Authors: L Kabaivanova
Published: July 2024

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a process driven by microbes that supports renewable energy production, together with waste utilization. The role of microorganisms is undisputable as they are involved in the subsequent processes of hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. Microbial communities vary in wide ranges, depending on the type of substrates used and the conditions provided. Anaerobic systems are addressed, operating under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions for the biodegradation of agricultural wastes for biogas/biomethane production. AD comprises successive degradation pathways and syntrophic microbial consortia activities. Identifying the microbial content in digesters could help attaining new information on the digester performance. Archaeal and bacterial associations have to be determined as their important role to be elucidated. Molecular-biological methods of metagenomics are applied to identify the residing mixed cultures therein. Methanogens have been attained to the domain Archaea. Bacterial and archaeal populations, specific for each stage are differentiated in thermophilic or mesophilic conditions as temperature plays a crucial role in AD process, especially for hydrolysis and methanogenesis and determines microorganisms’ variety.
Physiotherapy Management in Cases of Cerebral Palsy Flaccid Ec Microcephaly
Authors: Jeara Orlens Rambu , Naufal Adnan Faris , Wardani Rina Kusuma
Published: July 2024

Cerebral Palsy is a disorder of the development of body movement and posture, resulting in movement limitations that can occur starting from the fetus or baby accompanied by disorders of the musculoskeletal system, sensation, perception, awareness, communication, and behavior. the study used a case report study conducted at the Oemah Physiotherapy Clinic in Solo. The cause of cerebral palsy begins during the prenatal period which is caused by infection, anoxia, toxic, genetics, congenital malformations of the brain, the neonatal period occurs due to anoxia, traumatic, and postnatally caused by trauma, infection and toxic. Physiotherapy helps in optimizing children's active movements by using interventions in the form of myofacial release, patterning, and exercise. After being treated for 4 times T1-T4 there was no increase or change in muscle strength by measuring XOTR muscle strength and motor function in children using gross motor function measure (GMFM) and gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) measurements.
Hubungan Tingkat Pemahaman Orangtua Terkait Stimulasi dengan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Usia 15 Bulan di Pediatric Therapy Center Ngawi
Authors: Naufal Adnan Faris , Farlinda Anzela Rosepti
Published: July 2024

Latar belakang : Motorik kasar (gross motor) yaitu aktifitas fisik yang membutuhkan koordinasi sebagian besar tubuh anak, yang melibatkan aktivitas otot besar seperti lengan seseorang untuk bergerak dan berjalan. Terdapat 4 tahapan kemampuan berjalan bayi, yaitu merambat, ditittah, berdiri tanpa bantuan dan berjalan. Dalam fase ini pemberian stimulasi motorik kasar dirasa tepat, karena stimulasi ini dapat mempersiapkan kekuatan otot, koordinasi dan keseimbangan yang diperlukan untuk fase selanjutnya. Permasalahan tumbuh kembang yang terjadi pada balita di sebabkan karena kurangnya stimulasi yang diberikan kepada balita. Kondisi ini terjadi karena kurangnya pemahan orang tua tentang stimulasi yang adekuat dengan usia balita. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pemahaman orangtua terkait stimulasi dengan kemampuan motorik kasar usia 15 bulan yang diukur menggunakan kuisioner tingkat pemahaman orangtua dan ASQ3. Metode penelitian menggunakan Cross Sectional Study dengan pengambilan sampel 31 responden dengan menggunakan uji analisis. Hasil uji analisis kendall's tau-b menunjukan nilai p-value = 0.089 (>0.005) yang menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pemahaman orangtua terkait stimulasi dengan kemampuan motorik kasar usia 15 bulan. Kesimpulan tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pemahaman orangtua terkait stimulasi dengan kemampuan motorik kasar usia 15 bulan di Pediatric Therapy Center Ngawi.