bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Image-plane self-calibration in interferometry
Authors: Carilli Christopher L. , Nikolic Bojan , Thyagarajan Nithyanandan
Published: October 2022

We develop a process of image-plane self-calibration for interferometric imaging data. The process is based on shape–orientation–size (SOS) conservation for the principal triangle in an image generated from the three fringes made from a triad of receiving elements, in situations where interferometric phase errors can be factorized into element-based terms. The basis of the SOS conservation principle is that, for a three-element array, the only possible image corruption due to an element-based phase screen is a tilt of the aperture plane, leading to a shift in the image plane. Thus, an image made from any three-element interferometer represents a true image of the source brightness, modulo an unknown translation. Image-plane self-calibration entails deriving the unknown translations for each triad image via cross-correlation of the observed triad image with a model image of the source brightness. After correcting for these independent shifts, and summing the aligned triad images, a good image of the source brightness is generated from the full array, recovering source structure at diffraction-limited resolution. The process is iterative, using improved source models based on previous iterations. We demonstrate the technique in a high signal-to-noise context, and include a configuration based on radio astronomical facilities, and simple models of double sources. We show that the process converges for the simple models considered, although convergence is slower than for aperture-plane self-calibration for large-

N

arrays. As currently implemented, the process is most relevant for arrays with a small number of elements. More generally, the technique provides geometric insight into closure phase and the self-calibration process. The technique is generalizable to non-astronomical interferometric imaging applications across the electromagnetic spectrum.
Unsupervised end-to-end infrared and visible image fusion network using learnable fusion strategy
Authors: Chen Yili , Wan Minjie , Xu Yunkai , Cao Xiqing , Zhang Xiaojie , Chen Qian , Gu Guohua
Published: October 2022

Infrared and visible image fusion aims to reconstruct fused images with comprehensive visual information by merging the complementary features of source images captured by different imaging sensors. This technology has been widely used in civil and military fields, such as urban security monitoring, remote sensing measurement, and battlefield reconnaissance. However, the existing methods still suffer from the preset fusion strategies that cannot be adjustable to different fusion demands and the loss of information during the feature propagation process, thereby leading to the poor generalization ability and limited fusion performance. Therefore, we propose an unsupervised end-to-end network with learnable fusion strategy for infrared and visible image fusion in this paper. The presented network mainly consists of three parts, including the feature extraction module, the fusion strategy module, and the image reconstruction module. First, in order to preserve more information during the process of feature propagation, dense connections and residual connections are applied to the feature extraction module and the image reconstruction module, respectively. Second, a new convolutional neural network is designed to adaptively learn the fusion strategy, which is able to enhance the generalization ability of our algorithm. Third, due to the lack of ground truth in fusion tasks, a loss function that consists of saliency loss and detail loss is exploited to guide the training direction and balance the retention of different types of information. Finally, the experimental results verify that the proposed algorithm delivers competitive performance when compared with several state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of both subjective and objective evaluations. Our codes are available at https://github.com/MinjieWan/Unsupervised-end-to-end-infrared-and-visible-image-fusion-network-using-learnable-fusion-strategy.
Hybrid membrane-external-cavity surface-emitting laser
Authors: Zhang Mingyang , Albrecht Alexander R. , Nguyen Catherine , Follman David , Cole Garrett D. , Sheik-Bahae Mansoor
Published: October 2022

We develop, analyze, and demonstrate an optically-pumped semiconductor disk laser using an active mirror architecture formed by sandwiching the semiconductor gain membrane between two heatspreaders, one of which is coated with a high-reflectivity multilayer. Thermal modeling indicates that this structure outperforms traditional VECSELs. Employing an InGaAs/GaAs MQW gain structure, we demonstrate output powers of approximately 30 W at a center wavelength of λ ≈ 1178 nm in a TEM00 mode using an in-well pumped geometry.
Sub-shot-noise-limited phase estimation via single-mode inputs
Authors: Zhang Jian-Dong , You Chenglong , Wang Shuai
Published: October 2022

In 1981, Caves pointed out that the phase sensitivity of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with single-mode inputs is bounded by the shot-noise limit. The quantum Fisher information analysis shows that this statement holds true for the scenario where two antisymmetric phase shifts occur in two arms, but it is invalid for the scenario where an unknown phase is embedded in one of two arms. In this paper, we focus on the phase sensitivity directed against the latter scenario. The optimal single-mode input is discussed by analyzing common states, including displaced squeezed states, displaced number states, squeezed number states, Schrödinger cat states and completely mixed states. We find that the best choice is a squeezed vacuum state and show the specific measurement scheme which is capable of saturating the corresponding phase sensitivity limit. In addition, we study the effects of several realistic factors–anti-squeezing noise, photon loss and dark counts–on the phase sensitivity. Our results suggest that sub-shot-noise-limited phase sensitivity is attainable with low noise or loss, which paves the way for practical metrology.
Continuously tunable high photon flux high harmonic source
Authors: Kirsche Alexander , Gebhardt Martin , Klas Robert , Eisenbach Lucas , Eschen Wilhelm , Buldt Joachim , Stark Henning , Rothhardt Jan , Limpert Jens
Published: October 2022

In this work, a continuously tunable extreme ultraviolet source delivering a state-of-the-art photon flux of >1011 ph/s/eV spanning from 50 eV to 70 eV is presented. The setup consists of a high-power fiber laser with a subsequent multipass cell followed by a waveguide-based high harmonic generation setup. Spectral tuning over the full line spacing is achieved by slightly adjusting the lasers driving pulse energy, utilizing nonlinear propagation effects and pulse chirping. The presented method enables a high tuning speed while delivering reproducible and reliable results due to a simple experimental realization. For possible future experiments, a method for continuous, on-demand pulse-to-pulse switching of the generated XUV radiation with full spectral coverage is conceived.
Engineering indel and substitution variants of diverse and ancient enzymes using Graphical Representation of Ancestral Sequence Predictions (GRASP)
Authors: Foley Gabriel , Mora Ariane , Ross Connie M. , Bottoms Scott , Sützl Leander , Lamprecht Marnie L. , Zaugg Julian , Essebier Alexandra , Balderson Brad , Newell Rhys , Thomson Raine E. S. , Kobe Bostjan , Barnard Ross T. , Guddat Luke , Schenk Gerhard , Carsten Jörg , Gumulya Yosephine , Rost Burkhard , Haltrich Dietmar , Sieber Volker , Gillam Elizabeth M. J. , Bodén Mikael
Published: October 2022

Ancestral sequence reconstruction is a technique that is gaining widespread use in molecular evolution studies and protein engineering. Accurate reconstruction requires the ability to handle appropriately large numbers of sequences, as well as insertion and deletion (indel) events, but available approaches exhibit limitations. To address these limitations, we developed Graphical Representation of Ancestral Sequence Predictions (GRASP), which efficiently implements maximum likelihood methods to enable the inference of ancestors of families with more than 10,000 members. GRASP implements partial order graphs (POGs) to represent and infer insertion and deletion events across ancestors, enabling the identification of building blocks for protein engineering.

To validate the capacity to engineer novel proteins from realistic data, we predicted ancestor sequences across three distinct enzyme families: glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductases, cytochromes P450, and dihydroxy/sugar acid dehydratases (DHAD). All tested ancestors demonstrated enzymatic activity. Our study demonstrates the ability of GRASP (1) to support large data sets over 10,000 sequences and (2) to employ insertions and deletions to identify building blocks for engineering biologically active ancestors, by exploring variation over evolutionary time.
Cohesin is required for meiotic spindle assembly independent of its role in cohesion in C. elegans
Authors: McNally Karen P. , Beath Elizabeth A. , Danlasky Brennan M. , Barroso Consuelo , Gong Ting , Li Wenzhe , Martinez-Perez Enrique , McNally Francis J.
Published: October 2022

Accurate chromosome segregation requires a cohesin-mediated physical attachment between chromosomes that are to be segregated apart, and a bipolar spindle with microtubule plus ends emanating from exactly two poles toward the paired chromosomes. We asked whether the striking bipolar structure ofC.elegansmeiotic chromosomes is required for bipolarity of acentriolar female meiotic spindles by time-lapse imaging of mutants that lack cohesion between chromosomes. Both aspo-11 rec-8 coh-4 coh-3quadruple mutant and aspo-11 rec-8double mutant entered M phase with separated sister chromatids lacking any cohesion. However, the quadruple mutant formed an apolar spindle whereas the double mutant formed a bipolar spindle that segregated chromatids into two roughly equal masses. Residual non-cohesive COH-3/4-dependent cohesin on separated sister chromatids of the double mutant was sufficient to recruit haspin-dependent Aurora B kinase, which mediated bipolar spindle assembly in the apparent absence of chromosomal bipolarity. We hypothesized that cohesin-dependent Aurora B might activate or inhibit spindle assembly factors in a manner that would affect their localization on chromosomes and found that the chromosomal localization patterns of KLP-7 and CLS-2 correlated with Aurora B loading on chromosomes. These results demonstrate that cohesin is essential for spindle assembly and chromosome segregation independent of its role in sister chromatid cohesion.
An analysis of deficiencies in the ethics committee data of certain interventional trials registered with the Clinical Trials Registry–India
Authors: Chakraborty Indraneel , Shreya Adya , Mendiratta Jaishree , Bhan Anant , Saberwal Gayatri
Published: October 2022

There is widespread agreement that clinical trials should be registered in a public registry, preferably before the trial commences. It is also important that details of each trial in the public record are complete and accurate. In this study, we examined the trial sites and ethics committee (EC) data for 1359 recent Phase 2 or Phase 3 interventional trials registered with Clinical Trials Registry–India (CTRI), to identify categories of problems that prevent the clear identification of which EC approved a given site. We created an SQLite database that hosted the relevant CTRI records, and queried this database, as needed. We identified two broad categories of problems: those pertaining to the understanding of an individual trial and those to adopting a data analytics approach for a large number of trials. Overall, about 30 problems were identified, such as an EC not being listed; an uninformative name of the EC that precluded its clear identification; ambiguity in which EC supervised a particular site; repetition of a site or an EC; the use of a given acronym for different organizations; site name not clearly listed, etc. The large number of problems with the data in the EC or site field creates a challenge to link particular sites with particular ECs, especially if a programme is used to find the matches. We make a few suggestions on how the situation could be improved. Most importantly, list the EC registration number for each EC, merge the site and EC tables so that it is clear which EC is linked to which site; and implement logic rules that would prevent a trial from being registered unless certain conditions were met. This will raise user confidence in CTRI EC data, and enable data based public policy and inferences. This will also contribute to increased transparency, and trust, in clinical trials, and their oversight, in India.
Chronic depletion of vertebrate lipids in Aedes aegypti cells dysregulates lipid metabolism and inhibits innate immunity without altering dengue infectivity
Authors: Marten Andrew D. , Tift Clara T. , Tree Maya O. , Bakke Jesse , Conway Michael J.
Published: October 2022

Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue virus (DENV) and other arboviruses. Previous literature suggests that vertebrate and invertebrate lipids and the nutritional status of mosquitoes modify virus infection. Here, we developed a vertebrate lipid-depleted Ae. aegypti cell line to investigate if chronic depletion of vertebrate lipids normally present in a blood meal and insect cell culture medium would impact cell growth and virus infection. Chronic depletion of vertebrate lipids reduced cell size and proliferation, although cells retained equivalent total intracellular lipids per cell by reducing lipolysis and modifying gene expression related to sugar and lipid metabolism. Downregulation of innate immunity genes was also observed. We hypothesized that chronic depletion of vertebrate lipids would impact virus infection; however, the same amount of DENV was produced per cell. This study reveals how Ae. aegypti cells adapt in the absence of vertebrate lipids, and how DENV can replicate equally well in cells that contain predominately vertebrate or invertebrate lipids.
Physio-biochemical analysis and molecular characterization of induced lentil mutant lines
Authors: Shahwar Durre , Ansari Mohammad Yunus Khalil , Park Younghoon
Published: October 2022

Lens culinarisis a proteinaceous food crop that is consumed worldwide for protein requirements. Mutation breeding has been used to improve protein content, yield, and related traits, as well as to select highly desirable mutants that are economically significant. An investigation of genotypic variation in lentil germplasm was carried out using induced mutagenesis, with caffeine, ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), lead nitrate, and cadmium nitrate as mutagens that resulted in 18 mutant lines in the M3generation. For the present study, we analyzed the genetic diversity of lentil mutant lines using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers (RAPD). The heterozygosity of RAPD markers per primer ranged from 50.00–90.90% with an average of 71.04%. The genetic divergent analysis was performed using hierarchical clustering (UPGMA), exhibited that these mutant lines were classified mainly into five subpopulation or clusters. A close resemblance with highest genetic coefficient similarity (1.00) were observed between control and mutant H; between mutant M and E; between mutant Q and J2,while more divergent mutants were N2with mutant B; and mutant R with mutant J1with least genetic coefficient similarity (0.22). Protein and mineral content (Fe, Zn and Cu) were increased significantly in some high yielding mutant lines concerning to the control plant, and showed polymorphic variations in polypeptide chains in terms of banding pattern. Stomatal morphology in high yielding mutants were perceived utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), exhibiting variations in stomatal size, stomatal opening and number of stomata. The present study’s promising mutant lines’ biological, physiological, and molecular profiles provide a foundation for forthcoming preservation and consumption strategies to broaden the genetic diversity of the breeding population of lentil.
The AGMK1-9T7 cell model of neoplasia: Evolution of DNA copy-number aberrations and miRNA expression during transition from normal to metastatic cancer cells
Authors: Lewis Andrew M. , Thomas Rachael , Breen Matthew , Peden Keith , Teferedegne Belete , Foseh Gideon , Motsinger-Reif Alison , Rotroff Daniel , Lewis Gladys
Published: October 2022

To study neoplasia in tissue culture, cell lines representing the evolution of normal cells to tumor cells are needed. To produce such cells, we developed the AGMK1-9T7 cell line, established cell banks at 10-passage intervals, and characterized their biological properties. Here we examine the evolution of chromosomal DNA copy-number aberrations and miRNA expression in this cell line from passage 1 to the acquisition of a tumorigenic phenotype at passage 40. We demonstrated the use of a human microarray platform for DNA copy-number profiling of AGMK1-9T7 cells using knowledge of synteny to ‘recode’ data from human chromosome coordinates to those of the African green monkey. This approach revealed the accumulation of DNA copy-number gains and losses in AGMK1-9T7 cells from passage 3 to passage 40, which spans the period in which neoplastic transformation occurred. These alterations occurred in the sequences of genes regulating DNA copy-number imbalance of several genes that regulate endothelial cell angiogenesis, survival, migration, and proliferation. Regarding miRNA expression, 195 miRNAs were up- or down-regulated at passage 1 at levels that appear to be biologically relevant (i.e., log2 fold change >2.0 (q<0.05)). At passage 10, the number of up/down-regulated miRNAs fell to 63; this number increased to 93 at passage 40. Principal-component analysis grouped these miRNAs into 3 clusters; miRNAs in sub-clusters of these groups could be correlated with initiation, promotion, and progression, stages that have been described for neoplastic development. Thirty-four of the AGMK1-9T7 miRNAs have been associated with these stages in human cancer. Based on these data, we propose that the evolution of AGMK1-9T7 cells represents a detailed model of neoplasia in vitro.
Evaluation of dry eye symptoms and risk factors among medical students in Serbia
Authors: Aćimović Luna , Stanojlović Svetlana , Kalezić Tanja , Dačić Krnjaja Bojana
Published: October 2022

Background

Dry eye is a multifactorial disease defined less than 30 years ago. It is a relatively common disorder, affected by a number of well-known risk factors. Dry eye can be challenging to diagnose because of the possible discrepancy between patients’ symptoms and clinical signs, and its overlap with other ocular surface diseases. Literature-wise, dry eye is usually associated with age and therefore investigated within older populations. Recently, studies focusing on young adult and student populations have demonstrated a higher prevalence of dry eye than previously expected.

Aim

The study aims to determine the frequency of dry eye symptoms in the student population, and the impact of students’ activities and habits as potential risk factors.

Methodology

Our study involved 397 students from the medical school at the University of Belgrade, Serbia. Students were asked to complete an online survey that addressed general information, health, habits, and routine in everyday use of electronic devices. In addition, students completed a standard Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire.

Results

The prevalence of dry eye was 60.5% (240/397) in our study population. Contact lens wear (p<0.001), allergies (p = 0.049) and increased number of hours per day using VD devices for studying purposes (p = 0.014) were associtated with a higher risk of dry eye disease. Risk factors that did not significantly impact dry eye were the use of oral contraceptives, smoking, systemic diseases, year of study and sex.

Conclusion

In our study, the prevalence of dry eye disease was similar or slightly higher than in previous studies among young adults. In addition, contact lenses, allergies and visual display devices were associated with the development of the dry eye.
Development of a preoperative questionnaire to improve satisfaction with hallux valgus repair: A Delphi study
Authors: Blouin Cédric , Genet François , Denormandie Philippe , Graff Wilfrid , Perrier Antoine
Published: October 2022

Background

Satisfaction with hallux valgus repair is often poor, despite good surgical outcomes. Many tools have been developed to assess the outcome of the procedure; however none evaluate the association between the initial motive for repair and the reasons for post-surgical dissatisfaction. The aim of this study was to develop a new tool to analyse the subjective and objective expectations of individuals during a pre-operative consultation for hallux valgus repair in order to improve post-surgical satisfaction.

Methods

We first collected the reasons for dissatisfaction with repair from the medical files of dissatisfied individuals. Then, a steering committee of 4 French experts in the management of hallux valgus designed a questionnaire based on the reasons for dissatisfaction. We then used the DELPHI method to validate the questionnaire: we submitted the questionnaire to a panel of 34 francophone experts in hallux valgus repair for rating in 4 rounds.

Results

The medical files of 853 individuals were reviewed and a 52-item questionnaire relating to expectations from hallux valgus surgery was drafted. After the 4 rounds, a final 44 item questionnaire reached consensus. Thirteen items related to clinical and psychological profile, 5 to pain, 9 to physical activity, 4 to aesthetics and 13 to footwear.

Conclusion

This tool should facilitate gathering of individuals’ expectations from hallux valgus repair to ensure realistic goals and reduce post-surgical dissatisfaction.
Tort tradeoffs in cases of pesticide drift: A legal and economic analysis
Authors: Brown Nicholas , Colson Greg , Roessing Matt
Published: October 2022

Widespread pesticide drift issues ensued from the advent of dicamba-tolerant crop systems in the late 2010s, resulting in millions of acres of damaged farmland. Farmers who suffered drift-related losses in crop yield had to seek recovery in state courts. However, state courts varied in their approaches to drift lawsuits and remedies, if awarded, could include damage awards or injunctions. To demonstrate the need for a more transparent judicial process, this paper identifies three torts commonly advanced as causes of actions in drift cases and creates theoretic-game models to evaluate each tort’s impact on farmers’ decision-making and economic outcomes.
HSV-1 and influenza infection induce linear and circular splicing of the long NEAT1 isoform
Authors: Friedl Marie-Sophie , Djakovic Lara , Kluge Michael , Hennig Thomas , Whisnant Adam W. , Backes Simone , Dölken Lars , Friedel Caroline C.
Published: October 2022

The herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) virion host shut-off (vhs) protein cleaves both cellular and viral mRNAs by a translation-initiation-dependent mechanism, which should spare circular RNAs (circRNAs). Here, we show that vhs-mediated degradation of linear mRNAs leads to an enrichment of circRNAs relative to linear mRNAs during HSV-1 infection. This was also observed in influenza A virus (IAV) infection, likely due to degradation of linear host mRNAs mediated by the IAV PA-X protein and cap-snatching RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. For most circRNAs, enrichment was not due to increased circRNA synthesis but due to a general loss of linear RNAs. In contrast, biogenesis of a circRNA originating from the long isoform (NEAT1_2) of the nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) was induced both in HSV-1 infection–in a vhs-independent manner–and in IAV infection. This was associated with induction of novel linear splicing of NEAT1_2 both within and downstream of the circRNA. NEAT1_2 forms a scaffold for paraspeckles, nuclear bodies located in the interchromatin space, must likely remain unspliced for paraspeckle assembly and is up-regulated in HSV-1 and IAV infection. We show that NEAT1_2 splicing and up-regulation can be induced by ectopic co-expression of the HSV-1 immediate-early proteins ICP22 and ICP27, potentially linking increased expression and splicing of NEAT1_2. To identify other conditions with NEAT1_2 splicing, we performed a large-scale screen of published RNA-seq data. This uncovered both induction of NEAT1_2 splicing and poly(A) read-through similar to HSV-1 and IAV infection in cancer cells upon inhibition or knockdown of CDK7 or the MED1 subunit of the Mediator complex phosphorylated by CDK7. In summary, our study reveals induction of novel circular and linear NEAT1_2 splicing isoforms as a common characteristic of HSV-1 and IAV infection and highlights a potential role of CDK7 in HSV-1 or IAV infection.
Three-fold utilization of supplementary information for mean estimation under median ranked set sampling scheme
Authors: Shahzad Usman , Ahmad Ishfaq , Almanjahie Ibrahim Mufrah , Al-Omari Amer Ibrahim
Published: October 2022

Ranked set sampling (RSS) has created a broad interest among researchers and it is still a unique research topic. It has at long last begun to find its way into practical applications beyond its initial horticultural based birth in the fundamental paper by McIntyre in the nineteenth century. One of the extensions of RSS is median ranked set sampling (MRSS). MRSS is a sampling procedure normally utilized when measuring the variable of interest is troublesome or expensive, whereas it might be easy to rank the units using an inexpensive sorting criterion. Several researchers introduced ratio, regression, exponential, and difference type estimators for mean estimation under the MRSS design. In this paper, we propose three new mean estimators under the MRSS scheme. Our idea is based on three-fold utilization of supplementary information. Specifically, we utilize the ranks and second raw moments of the supplementary information and the original values of the supplementary variable. The appropriateness of the proposed group of estimators is demonstrated in light of both real and artificial data sets based on the Monte-Carlo simulation. Additionally, the performance comparison is also conducted regarding the reviewed families of estimators. The results are empowered and the predominant execution of the proposed group of estimators is seen throughout the paper.
ICAN: Interpretable cross-attention network for identifying drug and target protein interactions
Authors: Kurata Hiroyuki , Tsukiyama Sho
Published: October 2022

Drug–target protein interaction (DTI) identification is fundamental for drug discovery and drug repositioning, because therapeutic drugs act on disease-causing proteins. However, the DTI identification process often requires expensive and time-consuming tasks, including biological experiments involving large numbers of candidate compounds. Thus, a variety of computation approaches have been developed. Of the many approaches available, chemo-genomics feature-based methods have attracted considerable attention. These methods compute the feature descriptors of drugs and proteins as the input data to train machine and deep learning models to enable accurate prediction of unknown DTIs. In addition, attention-based learning methods have been proposed to identify and interpret DTI mechanisms. However, improvements are needed for enhancing prediction performance and DTI mechanism elucidation. To address these problems, we developed an attention-based method designated the interpretable cross-attention network (ICAN), which predicts DTIs using the Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System of drugs and amino acid sequences of target proteins. We optimized the attention mechanism architecture by exploring the cross-attention or self-attention, attention layer depth, and selection of the context matrixes from the attention mechanism. We found that a plain attention mechanism that decodes drug-related protein context features without any protein-related drug context features effectively achieved high performance. The ICAN outperformed state-of-the-art methods in several metrics on the DAVIS dataset and first revealed with statistical significance that some weighted sites in the cross-attention weight matrix represent experimental binding sites, thus demonstrating the high interpretability of the results. The program is freely available at https://github.com/kuratahiroyuki/ICAN.
CD169-mediated restrictive SARS-CoV-2 infection of macrophages induces pro-inflammatory responses
Authors: Jalloh Sallieu , Olejnik Judith , Berrigan Jacob , Nisa Annuurun , Suder Ellen L. , Akiyama Hisashi , Lei Maohua , Ramaswamy Sita , Tyagi Sanjay , Bushkin Yuri , Mühlberger Elke , Gummuluru Suryaram
Published: October 2022

Exacerbated and persistent innate immune response marked by pro-inflammatory cytokine expression is thought to be a major driver of chronic COVID-19 pathology. Although macrophages are not the primary target cells of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans, viral RNA and antigens in activated monocytes and macrophages have been detected in post-mortem samples, and dysfunctional monocytes and macrophages have been hypothesized to contribute to a protracted hyper-inflammatory state in COVID-19 patients. In this study, we demonstrate that CD169, a myeloid cell specific I-type lectin, facilitated ACE2-independent SARS-CoV-2 fusion and entry in macrophages. CD169-mediated SARS-CoV-2 entry in macrophages resulted in expression of viral genomic and subgenomic RNAs with minimal viral protein expression and no infectious viral particle release, suggesting a post-entry restriction of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle. Intriguingly this post-entry replication block was alleviated by exogenous ACE2 expression in macrophages. Restricted expression of viral genomic and subgenomic RNA in CD169+ macrophages elicited a pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β) in a RIG-I, MDA-5 and MAVS-dependent manner, which was suppressed by remdesivir treatment. These findings suggest that de novo expression of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in macrophages contributes to the pro-inflammatory cytokine signature and that blocking CD169-mediated ACE2 independent infection and subsequent activation of macrophages by viral RNA might alleviate COVID-19-associated hyperinflammatory response.
Pathobiology and dysbiosis of the respiratory and intestinal microbiota in 14 months old Golden Syrian hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Seibert Brittany , Cáceres C. Joaquín , Carnaccini Silvia , Cardenas-Garcia Stivalis , Gay L. Claire , Ortiz Lucia , Geiger Ginger , Rajao Daniela S. , Ottesen Elizabeth , Perez Daniel R.
Published: October 2022

The pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS2) affected the geriatric population. Among research models, Golden Syrian hamsters (GSH) are one of the most representative to study SARS2 pathogenesis and host responses. However, animal studies that recapitulate the effects of SARS2 in the human geriatric population are lacking. To address this gap, we inoculated 14 months old GSH with a prototypic ancestral strain of SARS2 and studied the effects on virus pathogenesis, virus shedding, and respiratory and gastrointestinal microbiome changes. SARS2 infection led to high vRNA loads in the nasal turbinates (NT), lungs, and trachea as well as higher pulmonary lesions scores later in infection. Dysbiosis throughout SARS2 disease progression was observed in the pulmonary microbial dynamics with the enrichment of opportunistic pathogens (Haemophilus, Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, Campylobacter, and Johnsonella) and microbes associated with inflammation (Prevotella). Changes in the gut microbial community also reflected an increase in multiple genera previously associated with intestinal inflammation and disease (Helicobacter, Mucispirillum, Streptococcus, unclassified Erysipelotrichaceae, and Spirochaetaceae). Influenza A virus (FLUAV) pre-exposure resulted in slightly more pronounced pathology in the NT and lungs early on (3 dpc), and more notable changes in lungs compared to the gut microbiome dynamics. Similarities among aged GSH and the microbiome in critically ill COVID-19 patients, particularly in the lower respiratory tract, suggest that GSHs are a representative model to investigate microbial changes during SARS2 infection. The relationship between the residential microbiome and other confounding factors, such as SARS2 infection, in a widely used animal model, contributes to a better understanding of the complexities associated with the host responses during viral infections.
Problemas tecno-epistémicos de la enseñanza online
Authors: Bengoetxea Cousillas Juan Bautista
Published: October 2022

El texto presenta una crítica moderada al excesivo valor pedagógico concedido actualmente a las tecnologías digitales para la enseñanza online. A partir de la sospecha vertida por Andrew Feenberg sobre las bondades supuestas del papel de Internet en la enseñanza superior, se presenta un análisis de la aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías a la educación no presencial y a un tipo particular de problema tecno-epistémico que puede derivar en una disminución cualitativa de la enseñanza en las aulas. Frente a ello, se proponen algunas opciones de mejora y se concluye con un enfoque crítico relativizado que, junto con el reconocimiento de la valía de ciertas tecnologías para las enseñanzas no presenciales, asuma el valor inherente de ciertos elementos tradicionales que no deben ser desmerecidos por intereses económicos ni por tendencias pasajeras.
Public Danger and Expediency in Relation to Criminalization of Acts with Signs of Administrative Prejudice: Analysis of Theory and Law Enforcement
Authors: Karavaeva Yulia
Published: October 2022

Designed to normatively distinguish crime from non-crime, criminal legislation has regained administrative prejudice to the current criminal law. The number of relevant norms in the Special part of the Criminal Law has been increasing, which keeps up the interest of scientific community for this institution. Notably, both the substance of norms with administrative prejudice and incidental problems of legal and technical order become topics for discussion. Without exaggeration, one of the most complicated problems is  finding the grounds for criminalization of certain acts, since the researcher faces the need to explain the mechanism triggering the quality of public danger in an act similar to the previously committed, but lacking this quality. Generally speaking,  there objectively exist qualities that allow us distinguish criminal behavior from non-criminal. The analysis of the sources permits  identifying two points of view that have developed among the supporters of administrative prejudice in the criminal law, both views associate the emergence of public danger with a cumulative effect, which manifests itself either in the cumulative harm of widespread acts, or in the personal qualities of the liable person, prone to illegal behavior.Besides, we propose the idea of criminalization of certain acts with signs of administrative prejudice for reasons of expediency, in support of which we provide data on the law enforcement activities of the courts. Analysis of judicial practice and official statistics allows us to conclude that at the level of practical activity, the relationship between public danger and expediency as grounds for criminalization of the acts in question and the effectiveness of the norm is clearly manifested: the norms that appeared for reasons of expediency belong to the "dead". As for the assessment of the public danger of the acts discussed, the courts do not always share the approach of the legislator, although in general there is actually a differentiation of administrative and criminal responsibility.
“SMART CITIES” OF RUSSIA
Authors: Kazantseva O.L.
Published: October 2022

This article is devoted to the theoretical and legal foundations of the digitalization of local selfgovernment in the Russian Federation, the digital technologies being introduced in addressing issues of localimportance, the concept of «Smart City». Digital transformation is currently one of the priority areas for thedevelopment of the state. The task of the regulator is to respond in a timely manner to the ongoing changes,to introduce the latest technologies in all spheres of life, taking into account organizational and legal issues.In the last decade, a legal framework has been actively developed aimed at strengthening digital processesin all spheres of society. The author notes the positive aspects of the ongoing digital processes in the fieldof local self-government, the need to increase the role of the local community in the management of themunicipality and identifies the problems that arise in practice, suggesting ways to resolve them.
LEGAL PROBLEMS OF USING ANOTHER WORKS OF ART FOR REGISTRATION OF ACCOUNT IN SOCIAL NETWORKS
Authors: Pyatkov D.V. , Pyatkova M.D. , Serebryakov A.A.
Published: October 2022

The article deals with topical issues related to the use of copyright objects on the Internet. One of thewidely used ways of using works is to place a work or a fragment of it in a user’s profile, for example, a socialnetwork, as an avatar. The lack of appropriate terminology in the domestic legislation, different approaches in the scientific literature to the definition of key concepts, avaricious law enforcement practice make itdifficult to legally qualify the emerging legal relations in the area under study. The authors, as a result ofthe analysis of the normative-legal array, literature and judicial acts, propose to consider the inclusion in theavatar of someone else’s copyrighted work as one of the ways of free use of works, subject to the conditionsprovided for in Art. 1274 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
FEATURES OF THE DYNAMICS OF CYBERCRIME IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AND ITS IMPACT ON PREVENTION ISSUES
Authors: Mukhamedzhanova A.D.
Published: October 2022

The article analyzes statistical data revealing the state of crime in the field of informatization andcommunications in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the period from 2018 to 2021. Special attention is paidto offenses related to Internet fraud. The main indicators forming an idea of the state of cybercrime in thecountry are analyzed. Along with the number of registered offenses in the field of cybercrime, an analysiswas also carried out of the number of criminal cases under investigation; the number of criminal cases sentto court; the number of discontinued pre-trial investigations. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, aconclusion was made about the effectiveness of activities for the prevention of certain types of crimes in thisarea, but a negative trend in the prevention and suppression of Internet fraud was revealed. In this regard, it is proposed to strengthen measures to improve the activities of law enforcement agencies and the judicialsystem in combating crime in the field of informatization and communications.
NORMATIVE-TRANSFORMING PROPERTIES OF DECISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AS A SOURCE OF LAW
Authors: Anichkin E. S.
Published: October 2022

Various doctrinal approaches to assessing the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the RussianFederation as a source of law and determining its place in the system of sources of law are considered.Particular attention is paid to identifying the properties of the decisions of the Constitutional Court of theRussian Federation as a special source of law. On the example of certain legal positions of the ConstitutionalCourt of the Russian Federation on the issues of legislative procedures and the operation of normative legalacts, its normative and transformative role in the sphere of sources of modern domestic law is shown.
PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS AND INTERESTS OF THE PARTIES CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATION IN THE FIELD OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS
Authors: Kovalenko E.Y. , Shavandina O.A. , Tydykovа N.V.
Published: October 2022

The commercial nature of many areas of physical culture and sports necessitates the conclusion of civillaw contracts. In sports relations, where almost everything depends on the individual characteristics ofthe athlete, on the physiological and psychological qualities of his body, as well as on the uniqueness and specificity of a particular sport, the contract is a necessary and effective means of individual regulation,allowing to take into account the unique interests of any participant. sports relationship. As a result of theanalysis of civil legislation and theoretical aspects of the institution of protection of rights, the authorsconcluded that the protection of the rights and interests of the parties to a contractual obligation in anyarea of civil circulation, including in the field of physical culture and sports, is carried out by a wholesystem of measures aimed at ensuring the interests parties at all stages of the emergence and fulfillmentof obligations. This system is not limited only to measures of civil liability, but also consists of a set ofadditional ways to induce the debtor to properly perform duties and serve as a guarantee of ensuring theinterests of the creditor
ON THE QUESTION OF THE NEED TO REGULATE A SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT IN ARBITRATION AND CIVIL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Sasykin K.Yu.
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to controversial issues of legal regulation of the settlement agreement, incl.enforcement issues.The author raised the question of the fictitiousness of the norms existing in the APC of the RussianFederation and the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation on the approval of a settlementagreement, the need to clarify or even exclude some of their provisions.A number of issues that arise in the practice of applying the rules on the enforcement of settlementagreements are brought to attention.
Patients Knowledge and Perception about Orthodontic Extraction of Sound Permanent Teeth
Authors: Faisal Arshad  , Jasbinder Kumar  , Parveen Akhtar Lone  , Sudha Bijyal
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

There are many beliefs & misconceptions of patients associated with the orthodontic extraction of sound teeth. The decision to extract creates a cycle of doubts in the patients' minds. So, the purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and perception of patients undergoing extractions of sound permanent teeth for orthodontic reasons in a dental teaching institute.

METHODS

This prospective study involved patients who were advised and indicated for orthodontic extraction of sound permanent teeth. A questionnaire which was content, and face validated was used to measure the patients’ responses, which included questions about the knowledge and perception of patients regarding the extraction of sound permanent teeth for orthodontic reason. The returned questionnaires were analysed, and responses were tabulated and subjected to various statistical tests.

RESULTS

The overall level of knowledge was 38.18 % above average and the level of perception was 45.45 % above average. There was no statistically significant association between age groups with the level of knowledge (P=0.4980). Percentagewise: higher the age group, the higher the knowledge. While there was a statistically significant association (P=0.0490) between age groups with the level of perception. Percentagewise in ≤19 yrs. it was 38.10 % as compared to 69.23 % in ≥20 yrs. age who had an above average level of perception. A statistically significant association between the ANOVA test (F=8.0794, P=0.0009) and Tukey's post hoc test was seen between education level with mean perception level. Subjects with a higher degree had above-average perception levels followed by secondary and higher secondary education levels. Knowledge level was significantly higher in subjects residing in an urban area as compared to rural area (t=-2.9097, P=0.0053), percentage wise also urban area had more level of mean knowledge (53.33 %) as compared to rural area (20 %).

CONCLUSIONS

The overall level of knowledge and perception in patients reporting for orthodontic extraction of sound teeth was less. The study concluded the need for more awareness about the orthodontic extraction of sound teeth which can lead to more satisfaction and less anxiety, especially in lower age groups and rural populations.
Apakah Restorative Justice Sejalan Dengan Nilai-nilai Hukum dan Rasa Keadilan yang Hidup dalam Masyarakat Indonesia?
Authors: Putri Widyani
Published: October 2022

Hukum ada untuk manusia dan karenanya ia harus berasal dari manusia itu sendiri. Dengan ini, eksistensi nilai dan norma sebagai bagian dari manusia sebagai makhluk sosial harus dipertimbangkan dalam penyusunan hukum. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mengenai kesesuaian antara penerapan konsep restorative justice dalam kerangka hukum Indonesia dengan nilai-nilai hukum dan rasa keadilan yang ada dalam masyarakat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan menggali berbagai informasi dari buku, undang-undang, jurnal, internet, dan informasi tertulis lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa restorative justice merupakan konsep yang sejalan dengan nilai-nilai hukum dan rasa keadilan dalam masyarakat, tetapi tidak dapat diterapkan kepada seluruh tindak pidana demi menjaga efektivitasnya. Untuk membuktikan hal tersebut, tulisan ini membahas secara komprehensif mengenai konsep riil dari restorative justice, bagaimana konsep tersebut diterapkan, sejauh mana kesesuaiannya dengan masyarakat Indonesia, serta bagaimana posisinya dalam kerangka hukum Indonesia dan pembaharuan hukum pidana nasional.
On the Schur multiplier of finite 𝑝-groups of maximal class
Authors: Joshi Renu , Sarkar Siddhartha
Published: October 2022

In this article, we prove that the Schur multiplier of a finite 𝑝-group of maximal class of orderpnp^{n}(4≤n≤p+14\leq n\leq p+1) is elementary abelian. The casen=p+1n=p+1settles a question raised by Primož Moravec in an earlier article.
Sustainable City Logistics of Last-Mile Delivery and Returns on the E-Commerce Market. Various Groups of Stakeholders’ Perspectives – Aims and Scope of the Project
Authors: Kiba-Janiak Maja , Cheba Katarzyna , Witkowski Jarosław , Jagoda Agnieszka , Skowrońska Agnieszka , Kołakowski Tomasz , Baraniecka Anna , Marcinkowski Jakub , Mucowska Magdalena
Published: October 2022

The paper presents the research project implemented at Wrocław University of Economics and Business led by Eng. Maja Kiba-Janiak, Ph.D., Prof. of WUEB, financed by the National Science Centre in Poland, granted based on the decision number 2018/31/B/HS4/03711. The project answers the challenges created by the dynamically growing e-commerce market. Attractive purchase prices, low cost, short time, and convenient delivery places motivate consumers to shop online, which is a challenge for e-trade services and transport companies. Meeting the expectations of e-clients in terms of delivery of the purchased products leads to congestion, pollution, and road accidents. The project is the conceptualization of a model of sustainable city logistics in the field of last-mile delivery and the returns on the e-commerce market, including the tools stimulating stakeholders to change their preferences in terms of the last-mile delivery and goods return, making them more sustainable (environmentally, socially and economically).