bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct generation of 3.17  mJ green pulses in a cavity-dumped Ho3+-doped fiber laser at 543  nm
Authors: Li Tianran , Wang Ziyu , Zou Jinhai , Hong Jinfen , Ruan Qiujun , Wang Hang , Dong Zhipeng , Luo Zhengqian
Published: January 2023

High-energy pulsed lasers in the green spectral region are of tremendous interest for applications in space laser ranging, underwater detection, precise processing, and scientific research. Semiconductor pulsed lasers currently are difficult to access to the so-called “green gap,” and high-energy green pulsed lasers still heavily rely on the nonlinear frequency conversion of near-IR lasers, precluding compact and low-cost green laser systems. Here, we address this challenge by demonstrating, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, millijoule-level green pulses generated directly from a fiber laser. The green pulsed fiber laser consists of a 450 nm pump laser diode, a Ho3+-doped ZBLAN fiber, and a cavity-dumping module based on a visible wavelength acousto-optic modulator. Stable pulse operation in the cavity-dumping regime at 543 nm is observed with a tunable repetition rate in a large range of 100 Hz–3 MHz and a pulse duration of 72–116 ns. The maximum pulse energy of 3.17 mJ at 100 Hz is successfully achieved, which is three orders of magnitude higher than those of the rare-earth-doped fiber green lasers previously reported. This work provides a model for compact, high-efficiency, and high-energy visible fiber pulsed lasers.
Tunable terahertz slow light with hybrid coupling of a magnetic toroidal and electric dipole metasurface
Authors: Wang Guanchao , Li Li , Liu Chenxiang , Li Shuai , Guo Wenpeng , Jia Yueying , Li Zhenghao , Tian Hao
Published: January 2023

We present a hybrid coupling scheme of a magnetic toroidal and electric dipole metasurface with suppressed radiation loss, which can produce the tunable plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) with an enhanced slow-light effect in the terahertz regime. The terahertz metasurface is constructed by nesting a dual-split ring resonator (DSRR) inside a ring resonator (RR) to exploit the destructive coherence of hybrid electromagnetic mode coupling at the PIT resonance. The polarization-dependence excitation performs the active tunability of a PIT-induced group slowing down by rotating the polarization angle, experimentally achieving a maximum group delay of 3.5 ps. Furthermore, the modified terahertz metasurface with a four-split ring resonator (FSRR) nested in an RR is prepared on photoconductive silicon, demonstrating the pump-controllable group delay effect at the PIT resonance. The large group delay from 2.2 to 0.9 ps is dynamically tunable by adjusting the pump power. The experimental results are in good accord with the theoretical simulations.
Identifying barriers and enablers to rigorous conduct and reporting of preclinical laboratory studies
Authors: Lalu Manoj M. , Presseau Justin , Foster Madison K. , Hunniford Victoria T. , Cobey Kelly D. , Brehaut Jamie C. , Ilkow Carolina , Montroy Joshua , Cardenas Analyssa , Sharif Ayni , Jeffers Matthew S. , Fergusson Dean A.
Published: January 2023

Use of rigorous study design methods and transparent reporting in publications are 2 key strategies proposed to improve the reproducibility of preclinical research. Despite promotion of these practices by funders and journals, assessments suggest uptake is low in preclinical research. Thirty preclinical scientists were interviewed to better understand barriers and enablers to rigorous design and reporting. The interview guide was informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework, which is a framework used to understand determinants of current and desired behavior. Four global themes were identified; 2 reflecting enablers and 2 reflecting barriers. We found that basic scientists are highly motivated to apply the methods of rigorous design and reporting and perceive a number of benefits to their adoption (e.g., improved quality and reliability). However, there was varied awareness of the guidelines and in implementation of these practices. Researchers also noted that these guidelines can result in disadvantages, such as increased sample sizes, expenses, time, and can require several personnel to operationalize. Most researchers expressed additional resources such as personnel and education/training would better enable the application of some methods. Using existing guidance (Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW); Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) project implementation strategies), we mapped and coded our interview findings to identify potential interventions, policies, and implementation strategies to improve routine use of the guidelines by preclinical scientists. These findings will help inform specific strategies that may guide the development of programs and resources to improve experimental design and transparent reporting in preclinical research.
Attachment of the RNA degradosome to the bacterial inner cytoplasmic membrane prevents wasteful degradation of rRNA in ribosome assembly intermediates
Authors: Hadjeras Lydia , Bouvier Marie , Canal Isabelle , Poljak Leonora , Morin-Ogier Quentin , Froment Carine , Burlet-Schlitz Odile , Hamouche Lina , Girbal Laurence , Cocaign-Bousquet Muriel , Carpousis Agamemnon J.
Published: January 2023

RNA processing and degradation shape the transcriptome by generating stable molecules that are necessary for translation (rRNA and tRNA) and by facilitating the turnover of mRNA, which is necessary for the posttranscriptional control of gene expression. In bacteria and the plant chloroplast, RNA degradosomes are multienzyme complexes that process and degrade RNA. In many bacterial species, the endoribonuclease RNase E is the central component of the RNA degradosome. RNase E-based RNA degradosomes are inner membrane proteins in a large family of gram-negative bacteria (β- and γ-Proteobacteria). Until now, the reason for membrane localization was not understood. Here, we show that a mutant strain ofEscherichia coli, in which the RNA degradosome is localized to the interior of the cell, has high levels of 20S and 40S particles that are defective intermediates in ribosome assembly. These particles have aberrant protein composition and contain rRNA precursors that have been cleaved by RNase E. After RNase E cleavage, rRNA fragments are degraded to nucleotides by exoribonucleases. In vitro, rRNA in intact ribosomes is resistant to RNase E cleavage, whereas protein-free rRNA is readily degraded. We conclude that RNA degradosomes in the nucleoid of the mutant strain interfere with cotranscriptional ribosome assembly. We propose that membrane-attached RNA degradosomes in wild-type cells control the quality of ribosome assembly after intermediates are released from the nucleoid. That is, the compact structure of mature ribosomes protects rRNA against cleavage by RNase E. Turnover of a proportion of intermediates in ribosome assembly explains slow growth of the mutant strain. Competition between mRNA and rRNA degradation could be the cause of slower mRNA degradation in the mutant strain. We conclude that attachment of the RNA degradosome to the bacterial inner cytoplasmic membrane prevents wasteful degradation of rRNA precursors, thus explaining the reason for conservation of membrane-attached RNA degradosomes throughout the β- and γ-Proteobacteria.
Nutritional compensation of the circadian clock is a conserved process influenced by gene expression regulation and mRNA stability
Authors: Kelliher Christina M. , Stevenson Elizabeth-Lauren , Loros Jennifer J. , Dunlap Jay C.
Published: January 2023

Compensation is a defining principle of a true circadian clock, where its approximately 24-hour period length is relatively unchanged across environmental conditions. Known compensation effectors directly regulate core clock factors to buffer the oscillator’s period length from variables in the environment. Temperature Compensation mechanisms have been experimentally addressed across circadian model systems, but much less is known about the related process of Nutritional Compensation, where circadian period length is maintained across physiologically relevant nutrient levels. Using the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, we performed a genetic screen under glucose and amino acid starvation conditions to identify new regulators of Nutritional Compensation. Our screen uncovered 16 novel mutants, and together with 4 mutants characterized in prior work, a model emerges where Nutritional Compensation of the fungal clock is achieved at the levels of transcription, chromatin regulation, and mRNA stability. However, eukaryotic circadian Nutritional Compensation is completely unstudied outside of Neurospora. To test for conservation in cultured human cells, we selected top hits from our fungal genetic screen, performed siRNA knockdown experiments of the mammalian orthologs, and characterized the cell lines with respect to compensation. We find that the wild-type mammalian clock is also compensated across a large range of external glucose concentrations, as observed in Neurospora, and that knocking down the mammalian orthologs of the Neurospora compensation-associated genes CPSF6 or SETD2 in human cells also results in nutrient-dependent period length changes. We conclude that, like Temperature Compensation, Nutritional Compensation is a conserved circadian process in fungal and mammalian clocks and that it may share common molecular determinants.
Cytokine and phenotypic cell profiles in human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani
Authors: Wijesooriya Hiruni , Samaranayake Nilakshi , Karunaweera Nadira D.
Published: January 2023

Background

The innate immune mediators are likely to influence the clinical phenotype of leishmaniasis by primary responses which limit or facilitate the spread of the parasite, as well as by modulating adaptive immunity. This study investigated the response of key innate immune cells in a focus which regularly reports localised cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) caused by Leishmania donovani, a species which typically causes visceral disease.

Methods

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) derived macrophages and dendritic cells from patients with LCL and healthy controls from endemic and non-endemic areas, were stimulated with soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA). Inflammatory mediators produced by macrophages (TNF-α/TGF-β/IL-10, ELISA; NO, Griess method) and dendritic cells (IL-12p70, IL-10, flowcytometry) and macrophage expression of surface markers of polarization, activation and maturation (flowcytometry) were determined at 24h, 48h and 72h and compared. Study was conducted prospectively from 2015–2019.

Results

Patient derived macrophages and dendritic cells produced higher levels of both pro and anti-inflammatory mediators compared to controls (p<0.05) with the best discrimination for active disease observed at 72h. Data demonstrated an early activation of macrophages and a subsequent pro-inflammatory bias, as indicated by temporal profiles of TNF-α/TGF-β and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios and higher proportions of classical (M1) macrophages. Higher TGF-β levels were observed in cells from patients with ulcerated or persistent lesions. Immune responses by cells derived from controls in endemic and non-endemic regions did not differ significantly from each other.

Conclusions

The overall immunophenotypic profile suggests that LCL observed in the country is the result of a balancing immune response between pro-inflammatory and regulatory mediators. The mediators which showed distinct profiles in patients warrant further investigation as potential candidates for immunotherapeutic approaches. A comparison with visceral leishmaniasis caused by the same species, would provide further evidence on the differential role of these mediators in the resulting clinical phenotype.
GCL loss in BRAO
Authors: Shearer Thomas R. , Steinkamp Peter N. , Parker Maria , Azuma Mitsuyoshi
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Our recent publication used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to follow thinning of the retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) in central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). Thinning of the inner layers also occurs in patients with branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO). The mechanism for such thinning may be partially due to proteolysis by a calcium-activated protease called calpain. Calpain inhibitor SNJ-1945 ameliorated the proteolysis in a past series of model experiments. The purposes of the present retrospective study were to: 1) use segmentation analysis of OCT images to follow the loss of retinal layers in BRAO compared to CRAO patients, and 2) predict the number of patients and days of observation needed for a clinical trial of a calpain inhibitor against BRAO.

Methods

A retrospective, case control study was conducted by computer-aided search in a medical records database for BRAO (ICD10 Code H34.239) with at least one OCT procedure (CPT: 92134). Non-proliferative, co-morbid eye diseases were allowed in the patient data base, and manual correction of auto-segmentation errors was performed. GCL thickness changes were followed over time and Cohen-d/sample size statistics were used to predict minimal patients needed for drug trials.

Results

The thickness of the GCL layer in BRAO decreased rapidly with time as in CRAO, but in more limited quadrants. The data, as fit to a single-phase decay curve, showed that GCL thickness could be used to provide sample size statistics in a clinical trial to test a calpain inhibitor. For example, a 60-day trial with a 60% effective inhibitor would need a minimum of 29 patients.

Conclusions

Using thickness changes in the GCL layer to monitor the efficacy of potential inhibitors against BRAO and CRAO is practical in human trials requiring a reasonable number of patients and relatively short trial period.

Translational relevance

Measurement of GCL thickness would be a useful indicator of amelioration of BRAO and CRAO progression in a clinical trial of a putative inhibitor.
Publication bias in trials registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: Is it a problem? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Showell Marian , Buckman Sam , Berber Slavica , Ata Allah Nada , Patterson Ben , Cole Samantha , Farquhar Cynthia , Jordan Vanessa
Published: January 2023

Background

Timely publication of clinical trials is critical to ensure the dissemination and implementation of high-quality healthcare evidence. This study investigates the publication rate and time to publication of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR).

Materials and methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study of RCTs registered with the ANZCTR in 2007, 2009, and 2011. Multiple bibliographic databases were searched until October 2021 to identify trial publications. We then calculated publication rates, proportions, and the time to publish calculated from the date of first participation enrolment to publication date.

Results

Of 1,970 trial registrations, 541 (27%) remained unpublished 10 to 14 years later, and the proportion of trials published decreased by 7% from 2007 to 2011. The average time to publish was 4.63 years. The prospective trial registration rate for 2007, 2009 and 2011 was 48% (952 trials) and over this time there was an increase of 19% (280 prospective trials). Trials funded by non-Industry organizations were more likely to be published (74%, 1204/1625 trials) than the industry-funded trials (61%, 224/345 trials). Larger trials with at least 1000 participants were published at a rate of 88% (85/97 trials) and on average took 5.4 years to be published. Smaller trials with less than 100 participants were published at a lower rate with 67% (687/1024 trials) published and these trials took 4.31 years on average to publish.

Conclusions

Just over a quarter of all trials on the ANZCTR for 2007, 2009, and 2011 remain unpublished over a decade later. The average time to publication of nearly five years may reflect the larger trials which will have taken longer to recruit participants. Over half of study sample trials were retrospectively registered, but prospective registration improved over time, highlighting the role of mandating trial registration.
Identification and characterization of a novel gene controlling floral organ number in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Maung Phyu Phyu , Kim Backki , Jin Zhuo , Jang Su , Lee Yoon Kyung , Koh Hee-Jong
Published: January 2023

Floral organ number is crucial for successful seed setting and mature grain development. Although some genes and signaling pathways controlling floral organ number have been studied, the underlying mechanism is complicated and requires further investigation. In this study, a floral organ number mutant was generated by the ethyl methanesulfonate treatment of the Koreanjaponicarice cultivar Ilpum. In the floral organ number mutant, 37% of the spikelets showed an increase in the number of floral organs, especially stamens and pistils. Histological analysis revealed that the number of ovaries was determined by the number of stigmas; spikelets with two or three stigmas contained only one ovary, whereas spikelets with four stigmas possessed two ovaries. The floral organ number mutant showed pleiotropic phenotypes including multiple grains, early flowering, short plant height, and reduced tiller number compared with the wild-type. Genetic and MutMap analyses revealed that floral organ number is controlled by a single recessive gene located between the 8.0 and 20.0 Mb region on chromosome 8. Calculation of SNP-index confirmedOs08g0299000as the candidate gene regulating floral organ number, which was designated asFLORAL ORGAN NUMBER7(FON7). A single nucleotide polymorphism (G to A) was discovered at the intron splicing donor site ofFON7, which caused the skipping of the entire sixth exon in the mutant, resulting in the deletion of 144 bp. Furthermore, the T-DNA-tagged line displayed the same floral organ number phenotype as thefon7mutant. These results provide valuable insight into the mechanism of floral organ differentiation and formation in rice.
Quality of life of patients with solid malignancies at 3 months after unplanned admission in the intensive care unit: A prospective case-control study
Authors: Toffart Anne-Claire , M’Sallaoui Wassila , Jerusalem Sophie , Godon Alexandre , Bettega Francois , Roth Gael , Pavillet Julien , Girard Edouard , Galerneau Louis Marie , Piot Juliette , Schwebel Carole , Payen Jean Francois
Published: January 2023

Background

Although short- and long-term survival in critically ill patients with cancer has been described, data on their quality of life (QoL) after an intensive care unit (ICU) stay are scarce. This study aimed to determine the impact of an ICU stay on QoL assessed at 3 months in patients with solid malignancies.

Methods

A prospective case-control study was conducted in three French ICUs between February 2020 and February 2021. Adult patients with lung, colorectal, or head and neck cancer who were admitted in the ICU were matched in a 1:2 ratio with patients who were not admitted in the ICU regarding their type of cancer, curative or palliative anticancer treatment, and treatment line. The primary endpoint was the QoL assessed at 3 months from inclusion using the mental and physical components of the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey. The use of anticancer therapies at 3 months was also evaluated.

Results

In total, 23 surviving ICU cancer patients were matched with 46 non-ICU cancer patients. Four patients in the ICU group did not respond to the questionnaire. The mental component score of the SF-36 was higher in ICU patients than in non-ICU patients: median of 54 (interquartile range: 42–57) vs. 47 (37–52), respectively (p = 0.01). The physical component score of the SF-36 did not differ between groups: 35 (31–47) vs. 42 (34–47) (p = 0.24). In multivariate analysis, no association was found between patient QoL and an ICU stay. A good performance status and a non-metastatic cancer at baseline were independently associated with a higher physical component score. The use of anticancer therapies at 3 months was comparable between the two groups.

Conclusion

In patients with solid malignancies, an ICU stay had no negative impact on QoL at 3 months after discharge when compared with matched non-ICU patients.
Análise de livros didáticos da EJA sob o olhar da Educação Ambiental Crítica
Authors: Andrade Fabíola , Bueno de Abreu Teo , Hollanda Carvalho Pedro
Published: January 2023

Os Temas Contemporâneos Transversais (TCT) têm como objetivo articular os diferentes componentes curriculares de forma integrada, bem como conectá-los às situações vivenciadas pelos estudantes em suas realidades. Este trabalho se ocupa em identificar se o TCT “Meio Ambiente” está sendo abordado de forma transversal nos livros didáticos PNLD- EJA 2014-2016, que compreendem todas as disciplinas do currículo do ensino fundamental II, do 6º ao 9º ano de escolaridade. E ainda, se tal TCT está sendo abordada sob o viés crítico, à luz da Educação Ambiental Crítica e transformadora. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, onde foi feita uma análise de conteúdo do material (livro didático) em categorias temáticas. De acordo com os dados obtidos neste estudo, pôde-se concluir que em geral o material apresenta conteúdos ligados ao meio ambiente, porém de maneira conservadora e pouco articulada às questões sociais, econômicas e políticas.
Educação Ambiental nos ventos do Ecoturismo
Authors: Farias da Silva Maria José , De Oliveira Farias Carmen Roselaine , Paradeda Muhle Rita
Published: January 2023

Este trabalho é o recorte de uma pesquisa de mestrado concluída que tratou da educação ambiental em um contexto ecoturístico no interior de Pernambuco (Brasil). A pesquisa foi realizada no município de Bonito, cujo processo de valorização da natureza local voltada para o ecoturismo tem sugerido mudanças em práticas de educação ambiental nas escolas. Por meio de uma descrição que leva em conta a narrativa histórica do ambiente local e uma observação atenta às práticas pedagógicas, procuramos estabelecer relações entre a política de ecoturismo assumida pela administração local e as práticas de educação ambiental em duas escolas municipais. Os resultados constituem um quadro sintético e panorâmico de uma aliança entre práticas educacionais e ecoturísticas, cujos sentidos enaltecem o contato direto com a natureza.
Relação entre florestas e produção de água
Authors: da Silva Andrade Maria Aparecida , Oliveira Almeida Rosiléia
Published: January 2023

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar os conhecimentos de moradores dos quilombos Dandá, Santa Maria e Guerreiro, localizados na região metropolitana de Salvador/BA, sobre a relação entre a presença/ausência de floresta com a produção de água, buscando identificar os argumentos que eles utilizam para justificar essa relação, bem como a aproximação desses argumentos com conceitos científicos. Diante dos resultados encontrados, ficou evidente a compreensão dos entrevistados com relação à importância da presença de mata para a produção de água. Salientamos a importância de se discutir esse tema em salas de aula de Ciências em uma perspectiva multicultural crítica, tendo em vista a demarcação e complementaridade, e não a anulação de saberes.
ensino de ciências em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Eriléia Pedrotti Débora , Almeida Fachin Jakeline Modesta
Published: January 2023

Este artigo busca trazer algumas reflexões sobre a importância do ensino de ciências diante de um contexto de colapso climático, inserido em uma esfera de fragilidade provocada pela pandemia da COVID-19, em que também enfrentamos o negacionismo da ciência. Assim, procuramos estabelecer por meio da observação participante do estágio supervisionado de estudantes do Curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas, um diálogo com as contribuições bibliográficas existentes sobre essas vertentes, reforçando a importância de um ensino em ciências com compromisso científico, ético, epistemológico e de respeito à natureza e todas as formas de vida. Acreditamos que é preciso repensar o papel dos/as educadores/as na perspectiva da necessidade de uma educação que considere a pesquisa científica como um caminho.
arco-íris é meu ambiente
Authors: Aparecida da Silva Regina , Custodio Jales Romário , De Oliveira Henrique Victor Hugo
Published: January 2023

Essa pesquisa objetivou, por meio da educação ambiental, compreender como a comunidade LGBTQIA+ interpreta o fenômeno climático. Nos ancoramos na Fenomenologia e trilhamos os caminhos da Cartografia do Imaginário. Em nossa pesquisa, sete militantes LGBTQIA+ nos contaram sobre suas vivências, suas descobertas e suas lutas, traçando uma cartografia que nos levou a uma viagem epistêmica e fenomenológica do ambiente por eles vivido e compartilhado. O resultado deste trabalho servirá de subsídio para novas pesquisas relacionadas aos temas propostos e poderá estimular, através dos elementos científicos oferecidos, uma união entre o ativismo LGBTQIA+ e o ativismo ambiental.
Clima, desastres e a ciência cidadã na convivência entre o ver e o não ver
Authors: Gomes Giselly Rodrigues das Neves Silva , Trajber Rachel , Marchezini Victor
Published: January 2023

Este capítulo tem como objetivo apresentar o contexto de participação de estudantes cegos e com baixa visão no Projeto Dados à Prova d´Água e refletir sobre os desafios e as aprendizagens vivenciadas por eles. Com abordagem qualitativa, a metodologia tem inspiração na Cartografia do Imaginário, apoiando-se na fenomenologia dos quatro elementos, de Gaston Bachelard. Os resultados confirmam a importância de se promover a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência no engajamento de projetos de ciência cidadã voltados à Educação em Redução do Risco de Desastres (ERRD). A educação ambiental ocupa um papel fundamental nesse processo, pois enseja a perspectiva inclusiva em torno da temática de Redução do Risco de Desastres (RRD) para inspirar ações, projetos, programas e políticas públicas em tempos de emergências climáticas.
Alternativas de herbicidas para dessecação de áreas em pousio
Authors: Ribeiro Daniele Ferreira , Côrrea Fernando Rezende , Silva Nelmício Furtado da , Cavalcante Wendson Soares da Silva , Rodrigues Estevão
Published: January 2023

As plantas daninhas interferem diretamente na produção agrícola, além de servir como hospedeiras para pragas e doenças. O período que antecede a semeadura e emergência da cultura consiste em um dos mais importante, por isso a dessecação em pré semeadura é essencial. Dessa forma, estabelecer alternativas para maior espectro de controle de plantas daninhas é essencial para a sustentabilidade do sistema de manejo. Assim, objetivou avaliar moléculas de herbicidas para o controle de plantas daninhas no manejo de dessecação em áreas de pousio. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da Faculdade UniBRÁS, na zona rural do município de Rio Verde, Estado de Goiás, Brasil. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com 9 tratamento, e 4 repetições. A unidade experimental foi composta por um retângulo de 2 x 12,5 m respectivamente por tratamento, perfazendo uma área de 25 m² por unidade experimental e uma área total para o ensaio de 800 m². Os tratamentos foram: (T1) Controle, (T2) Diquat, (T3) Diquat + Glifosato, (T4) Saflufenacil, (T5) Saflufenacil + Glifosato, (T6) Glufosinato, (T7) Glufosinato + Glifosato, (T8) Carfentrazone e (T9) Carfentrazone + Glifosato. As avaliações de controle das plantas daninhas foram realizadas aos 2, 5, 7, 10, 14 e 21 dias após aplicação, realizadas por escala visual com a atribuição de notas 0 a 100%. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. O tratamento T7 promoveu 94,5% de controle das plantas daninhas, os tratamentos T6 e T10 também apresentaram alta eficiência no manejo de dessecação embora inferiores.
Editorial
Authors: Editorial Corpo
Published: January 2023

This thematic section is dedicated to advances in the area of ​​Paleontology, with contributions from specialists from different areas, with the objective of discussing or analyzing novelties of global or local repercussion regarding Brazilian fossils, gaps in scientific knowledge in certain paleontological themes, methodological advances, contributions of paleontology in the oil industry, among other topics. The Revista do Instituto Geológico (1980-2020) has always published papers in the area of ​​Paleontology and we intend to continue in Derbyana, starting with this section in 2022 and continuing for the coming years. This collection of works, in addition to illustrating the state of the art, also points out unsolved problems and future perspectives. This section was organized with the collaboration of professors Marcello G. Simões (UNESP), Paulo Alves de Souza (UFRGS) and Thomas Rich Fairchild (USP). We also appreciate the support of the Brazilian Society of Paleontology in this initiative. In the Preface to this section, we include a brief essay by Prof. Setembrino Petri, who celebrated his 100th birthday this year, on the importance of Orville Derby, who is honored by the title of this periodical, in his career and to Brazilian Paleontology in general.
Imaging Negative Hepatic Lesions: A Rare Case of Infiltrative Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosed With Endoscopic Ultrasound
Authors: Ugonabo Onyinye , Mohamed Mujtaba , Frandah Wesam , Jones Philip , Joshi Tejas
Published: January 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common malignancy with male predominance. It is further classified into different subtypes, among which the infiltrative subtype is the most difficult to diagnose with imaging because of its inherently ill-defined micro nodules involving a segment or entire hepatic parenchyma without a distinguishable mass. Owing to the aggressive nature and decreased survival expectations in most patients with infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplants and surgical resections are not recommended. Our case describes a middle-aged woman presenting with alpha-fetoprotein >20,000 and imagings negative for hepatic mass, thereby necessitating the use of endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration.
Evaluating the Ethanol Levels and Storage Containers for Efficient Preservation of Historical Collections at the Museo De La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Cruz-Rodríguez Cristian , Cárdenas Julieth Stella , Ramírez-Chaves Héctor E.
Published: January 2023

The Museo de La Salle–Bogotá (MLS) houses biological specimens of which 30% (17,001 specimens) are stored in fluid (ethanol 70%). The collections have historical significance for documenting Colombian biodiversity and contain the oldest zoological specimens in the country. For these reasons, the curation and management of the specimens require special attention and endless vigilance. In this study we assessed the decrease in ethanol level in jars of the MLS fluid collections over a 3-year period from 2013 to 2016 and evaluated the relation between container and lid type and ethanol loss. We did not observe a relevant decrease in the percentage of ethanol levels during 2013–2016. However, the type of lid used influenced the amount of ethanol that evaporated; we found that the pressure and twist lids were more effective in maintaining the ethanol levels in the containers, since they have a pressurized rotation system that allows a more secure closure in contrast to the pressure cap, which does not prevent the evaporation of ethanol. Based on our evaluation, we suggest the use of pressure and twist closure caps or caps with a continuous thread closure type along with a tamper-evident seal between the jar mouth and the container cap to ensure a tight and secure seal for minimizing the risk of fluid loss and ensuring the preservation of fluid-fixed specimens of this historical collection.
éthique journalistique entre anciennes et nouvelles valeurs
Authors: Rotili Lavinia
Published: January 2023

Dans cette contribution nous abordons l’évolution des normes déontologiques en Belgique francophone, Finlande, France, Italie, Portugal, Québec, Royaume-Uni et Suisse selon deux axes. Le premier concerne l’évolution digitale, avec les conséquences que la numérisation engendre sur les normes et leur portée, avec une attention particulière en matière d’User Generated Content et d’intelligence artificielle. Le second axe aborde les normes concernant les discriminations et la diversité, notamment en matière de genre et d’origine. Ces axes sont identifiés au départ d’une démarche inductive basée sur l’analyse comparée des différents conseils. Deux constats majeurs peuvent être tirés de cette analyse : d’une part, les conseils renforcent la responsabilité sociale du journalisme et les valeurs traditionnelles de la profession ; d’autre part, de nouvelles valeurs semblent s’affirmer, telles que la tolérance et la diversité.
avenir incertain de l’autorégulation médiatique au Québec
Authors: Carignan Marie-Eve , Joseph Alexandra
Published: January 2023

Créé en 1973 avec la mission de défendre la liberté de presse et le droit du public à une information de qualité, le Conseil de presse du Québec (CPQ), instance d’autorégulation médiatique tripartite, vit, dès ses débuts, une relation complexe avec les journalistes et les entreprises de presse. Conseil de presse le plus actif au Canada depuis sa fondation, cet organisme se heurte à des contestations qui semblent s’être exacerbées au cours des 15 dernières années, dans un contexte où les médias font face à une crise structurelle sans précédent, liée notamment à la concurrence des grands acteurs du numérique qui engendrent de nouveaux défis pour l’encadrement juridique et déontologique des médias. Cet article revient sur ce contexte et aborde diverses crises vécues par le CPQ, qui démontrent la fragilité de l’organisme, avant d'explorer des pistes de solutions afin de régler les conflits intestins l’empêchant de réaliser pleinement son mandat et, plus largement, de proposer des solutions pour repenser l’encadrement de la presse dans la province.
Introduction
Authors: Grevisse Benoît , Rotili Lavinia
Published: January 2023

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FARMACOGENÉTICA NO TRATAMENTO DO TRANSTORNO DE ANSIEDADE GENERALIZADA (TAG): UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Authors: Beltrame Betina Montanari , Lima Vandre Mateus
Published: January 2023

A inconstância na resposta individual de cada paciente ao tratamento com medicamentos ansiolíticos está diretamente relacionada às variações genéticas envolvidas. Essa variabilidade infl uencia os efeitos terapêuticos e pode também ditar as reações adversas de um tratamento e, portanto, uma dose que é benéfica para um indivíduo pode ser ineficaz e/ou insegura para outro. O tratamento da ansiedade generalizada é usualmente realizado com fármacos antidepressivos, como os inibidores seletivos da recaptação da serotonina (ISRS), e os padrões de herdabilidade relacionados a processos de metabolização destes fármacos podem infl uenciar o desfecho da terapia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi reunir os dados presentes na literatura sobre a associação de genes candidatos com a resposta ao tratamento da ansiedade, e analisar as perspectivas da aplicação da farmacogenética no tratamento desta patologia. A resposta ao tratamento com ansiolíticos, como os ISRS, depende da variabilidade de genes codifi cantes de proteínas envolvidas com o papel da serotonina no cérebro. Por meio de estudos foi possível detectar essas variações e várias delas mostraram a importância da farmacogenética. Além disso, alguns dos genes relacionados à farmacogenética dos ISRS já são conhecidos (como CIP2D6, CIP2C19, CIP2C9) e este conhecimento pode ser aplicado na prática clínica, de forma a personalizar o tratamento dos pacientes.
Smoking Intervention Practices in Texas Healthcare Centers with Sexual and Gender Minority Patients
Authors: Taing Matthew , Le Kathy , Britton Maggie , Chen Tzuan , Parent Michael , Tami-Maury Irene , Leal Isabel , Rogova Anastasia , Kyburz Bryce , Williams Teresa , Patel Mayuri , Reitzel Lorraine
Published: January 2023

Objective: We evaluated the use of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for smoking cessation in centers providing behavioral healthcare for patient populations that included some proportion of sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). Methods: Healthcare providers from 75 healthcare centers across Texas serving SGMs with behavioral health needs participated in a survey assessing their center’s tobacco control policies and practices. Results: Nearly half (N = 36) of participating centers had a comprehensive tobacco-free workplace policy, 30.67% employed ≥ 1 tobacco treatment specialist, 73.91% employed ≥ 1 prescriber, 80.82% mandated screening for patient tobacco use at intake, and 57.53% provided a template for tobacco use assessments. Overall, 70.67% of providers asked patients about smoking status, 69.33% advised patients to quit, 64.00% assessed patients’ interest in quitting, 58.67% assisted patients with quit attempts, and 36.00% arranged follow-up. Providers’ ability to tailor interventions for special populations like SGMs ranged from very low/0 to very high/10 (M = 4.63 + 2.59). Conclusions: There are opportunities to improve policy implementation, standardization and usage of evidence-based interventions, and intervention tailoring within settings providing care to SGM patients in Texas to address their tobacco use inequities.
Increasing and Retaining Tween Knowledge of Proper Medicine Use
Authors: Bloom Leslie , Saadat-Lajevard Leily , Myers Andrew , Kathryn Malone Mary , Zimmerman Brenda
Published: January 2023

Objective: OTC Medicine Safety, a free, easily accessible, in-classroom educational program available through Young Minds Inspired (https://ymiclassroom.com/lesson-plans/otcmedsafety), was developed to improve adolescents’ knowledge of safe use of medicines. In a proof-of-concept study, students increased knowledge about safe, appropriate use of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. In this study, we assessed whether the OTC Medicine Safety program effectively increased students’ knowledge and if students retained this knowledge over time. Methods: We measured student knowledge before implementation (baseline, Quiz 1) immediately after implementation (Quiz 2), and 10 weeks after baseline (Quiz 3) in 3 test schools. We measured knowledge at similar intervals in 3 control schools (no program implementation). Results: Baseline knowledge was low (average 39.3% of 36 questions answered correctly). Among intervention schools, scores significantly improved immediately (average correct 62.9%) after implementation and were retained at 10 weeks (59.8%) (p < .001). Change in score from baseline among intervention schools immediately after the lesson implementation was significantly higher than corresponding changes from baseline among control schools (intervention: +23.0 vs control: -3.2) and at 10 weeks (intervention: +19.9 vs control: -2.9), p < .001. Conclusion: The OTC Medicine Safety Program effectively improved students’ knowledge of safe medicine-taking practices and students retained this knowledge at 10 weeks.
Penerapan Crowdsourcing dalam Interaksi Komunitas Informasi di Indonesia: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Harahap Aisyah Romauli , Wijayanti Luki
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan metode, konsep, dan manfaat crowdsourcing dalam interaksi komunitas informasi di Indonesia. Mengetahui bagaimana penerapan metode, konsep, dan manfaat dari crowdsourcing jika diterapkan di Indonesia dalam era lingkungan digital. Metode yang digunakan yaitu tinjuan literature review dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dan artikel-artikel terseleksi yang bersumber dari Google Scholar dan Portal GARUDA. Proses analisis terdiri dari 6 (enam) tahap yaitu 1) mapping the field through scoping review (pemetaan bidang melalui tinjauan lingkup); 2) comprehensive search (pencarian komprehensif); 3) quality assessment (penilaian kualitas); 4) data extraction (ekstraksi data); 5) synthesis (sintesis); dan 6)write up (penulisan). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 30 literatur (8%) dari total hasil pencarian sebanyak 260 literatur yang relevan membahas mengenai penerapan crowdsourcing dalam komunitas informasi di Indonesia, konsep, metode dan manfaat penggunaannya. crowdsourcing dapat disimpulkan sebagai suatu jenis aktivitas online partisipasi, dimana individu, komunitas, lembaga, organisasi, maupun perusahaan dapat mengusulkan ide dan informasi dengan beragam pengetahuan bertemu di dalam medium yang disediakan menggunakan jaringan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa penerapan crowdsourcing dalam interaksi komunitas informasi di Indonesia yaitu memudahkan masyarakat dalam memperoleh dan mengakses informasi yang dibutuhkan; tersedianya ruang publik online untuk berdiskusi secara bebas dan menangkal isu hoaks; konten, tanggapan dan penilaian diberikan langsung oleh masyarakat; sebagai media mempromosikan event, budaya, iklan, informasi lowongan kerja, dan sebagainya.
Kreativní učení ve vzdělávání k udržitelnosti – metody, zkušenosti, inspirace
Authors: Dlouhá Jana
Published: January 2023

Přehled publikovaných textů týkajících se propojení kreativního vzdělávání a vzdělávání pro udržitelný rozvoj - rešerše, analýzy, metodiky.
Regression analysis of the length-weight relationships for 17 common European fish in rivers in the Czech Republic
Authors: Holubová Kateřina , Musilová Zuzana , Horká Petra
Published: January 2023

Length-weight relationships (LWRs) are useful for calculating weight based on measurements of length. Here we provide LWRs for 17 species of fish from the rivers Vltava and Elbe in the Czech Republic, Central Europe. The samples were collected by electrofishing from May 2016 to August 2019. There are far fewer LWRs for riverine than lotic fish. All LWRs were significant with r2 values ranging from 0.99 for the European barbel (Barbus barbus) to 0.95 for European bullhead (Cottus gobio) and with estimated b values ranging from 2.93 in common dace (Leuciscus leuciscus) to 3.26 in non-native round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). These results increase the data on LWRs for fish in riverine environments and provides a good tool for managing fisheries and future studies.
‘Big’ and ‘little’ Quo Vadis? in the United States, 1913–1916: Using GIS to map rival modes of feature cinema during the transitional era
Authors: Klenotic Jeffrey
Published: January 2023

This article emanates from a geospatial database of over 600 premieres of the Cines company’s Quo Vadis? (1913), an eight-reel film distributed by George Kleine, and nearly 250 premieres of the Quo Vadis Film Company’s Quo Vadis? (1913), a three-reel film of ambiguous origins distributed by Paul De Outo. By mapping local premieres of both films across the United States from 1913 through 1916, the data show with spatiotemporal precision the spread of Quo Vadis? as one of cinema’s early blockbuster titles. Yet within this national phenomenon, the two films’ footprints reveal differing cultural geographies served by competing efforts to feature Quo Vadis? using alternative practices of distribution and exhibition. The study finds that Quo Vadis? played a more complex role mediating the rise of features than is yet known, serving rival modes of cinema where longer, more expensive films were celebrated but also contested.
Foreign film in Poland, 1964–1975: selection, import and audience. An introduction
Authors: Klejsa Konrad
Published: January 2023

The topic of this article is part of the broader research project on film distribution in the People’s Republic of Poland. An important base for this text is the archival resources of the Film Polski Export and Import Company, established in 1964, the year therefore chosen as the starting point of the analysis. The point of departure is 1975, when important changes in the film import volume occurred. The article comprises of sections dedicated, respectively, to pre-selection of feature films, new releases and films in circulation. The data on the number of released titles show that in almost the entire period under study, the total number of foreign films from other ‘people’s republics’ was lower in any given calendar year than the number of films from capitalist states. However, the fact that more films from communist countries were imported to Poland did not mean that the former had larger audiences and generated greater revenues.
The Critical Innovation Discourse of Small VODs: The Case of The Death of Mr. Lăzărescu on Cinepub
Authors: Parvulescu Constantin
Published: January 2023

My article compares the catalogues and interfaces of a small and a big VOD provider and emphasizes the critical innovative potential of the intervention of the former and, more generally, of small streaming services. I employ a cultural studies approach and closely read the acts of curation of these two types of providers. As a case study, I focus on the curation of the feature film The Death of Mr. Lăzărescu on both platforms. By critical innovation, I understand an economic or industrial intervention that questions and disrupts hegemonic discourses in its field. In the case of VODs, it refers to an engagement with discourses on digital film consumption, the branding of premium content, establishment of taste, and diversity of content. I also approach critical innovation as political and economic. I provide proof that small non-profit providers set up more advantageous viewing experiences that benefit a film and its makers. I also show that they play an important role in maintaining the sustainability of a digital distribution ecosystem.
Badanie doświadczeń widowni, której nie ma. Wyzwania metodologiczne
Authors: Sitkiewicz Paweł
Published: January 2023

When a researcher deals with a film audience, it is easier to study the one that exists and is still active. In this case, social sciences and the humanities supply practical tools and relatively easy access to all kinds of data. It is much more difficult to capture experiences, emotions, and rituals of the audiences from many decades ago, working with an impermanent human memory, unreliable personal or press sources. The article discusses the basic methodological problems related to the researching film audiences that no longer exist (especially from the pre-WW2 years). It turns out that the difficulties are not only in how to read the sources and how to evaluate the data. The cinema historian confronts more serious challenges. Do we have access to other people’s experiences without personal contact? Can research focused on subjective and mediated feelings capture an objective image at all? What may result from research with so many unknowns? The article, based on the author’s many years of experience in researching cinema-going, is a proposal on how to respond to all these questions.
Jak działać, gdy „nobody knows anything”? Prawidłowości pośród wyników frekwencyjnych filmów w dystrybucji kinowej
Authors: Adamczak Marcin , Salomon Sławomir
Published: January 2023

The distribution sector, contrary to film production, was not subsidized in 21st-century Poland from public funds, with only very rare exceptions. The distribution sector demands high levels of investment with regard to advertising movies and the necessity of building awareness of the titles before releasing them. The investment could be profitable but, in the case of a box office flop, becomes a permanent loss. Operating in the distribution sector is inevitably a high-risk endeavour. Predicting box office results is the key element of risk assessment made by distributors. The specificity of the film market and future results of the movies seem to be determined by uncertainty and unpredictability, according to William Goldman’s famous dictum nobody knows anything. However, distributors were able to develop a few ways to assess future box office results, at least roughly. The tendency to establish franchises and whole universes, the role of the opening weekend, the types of weekly results trajectories and the impact of major festival awards for the box office result are described in the article. In the case of the latter, the brand and capacity of the distributor seems to be more relevant than the award itself, which leads to conclusions about the crucial and probably still underestimated role of the distribution sector in the cinema.