bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the Ames Global Hyperspectral Synthetic Data Set: Surface Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function
Authors: Wang Weile , Dungan Jennifer , Genovese Vanessa , Shinozuka Yohei , Yang Qiguang , Liu Xu , Poulter Benjamin , Brosnan Ian
Published: June 2023

This study introduces the Ames Global Hyperspectral Synthetic Data set (AGHSD), in particular the surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) product, to support the NASA Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) mission development. The data set is generated based on the corresponding multispectral BRDF products from NASA's MODIS satellite sensor. Based on theories of radiative transfer in vegetation canopies, we derive a simple but robust relationship that indicates that the hyperspectral surface BRDF can be accurately approximated as a weighted sum of the soil surface reflectance, the leaf single albedo, and the canopy scattering coefficient, where the weights or coefficients are spectrally invariant and thus readily estimated from the multispectral MODIS products. We validate the algorithm with simulations by a Monte Carlo Ray Tracing model and find the results highly consistent with the theoretic derivation. Using reflectance spectra of soil and vegetation derived from existing spectral libraries, we apply the algorithm to generate the AGHSD BRDF product at 1 km and 8‐day resolutions for the year of 2019. The data set is biogeochemically and biogeophysically coherent and consistent, and serves the goal to support the SBG community in developing sciences and applications for the future global imaging spectroscopy mission.
Wind– and Sea‐Ice–Driven Interannual Variability of Antarctic Bottom Water Formation
Authors: Schmidt Christina , Morrison Adele K. , England Matthew H.
Published: June 2023

Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is a major component of the global overturning circulation, originating around the Antarctic continental margin. In recent decades AABW has both warmed and freshened, but there is also evidence of large interannual variability. The causes of this underlying variability are not yet fully understood, in part due to a lack of ocean and air‐sea‐ice flux measurements in the region. Here, we simulate the formation and export of AABW from 1958 to 2018 using a global, eddying ocean–sea‐ice model in which the four AABW formation regions and transports agree reasonably well with observations. The simulated formation and export of AABW exhibits strong interannual variability which is not correlated between the different formation regions. Reservoirs of very dense waters at depth in the Weddell and Ross Seas following 1–2 years of strong surface water mass transformation can lead to higher AABW export for up to a decade. In Prydz Bay and at the Adélie Coast in contrast, dense water reservoirs do not persist beyond 1 year which we attribute to the narrower shelf extent in the East Antarctic AABW formation regions. The main factor controlling years of high AABW formation are weaker easterly winds, which reduce sea ice import into the AABW formation region, leaving increased areas of open water primed for air‐sea buoyancy loss and convective overturning. Our study highlights the variability of simulated AABW formation in all four formation regions, with potential implications for interpreting trends in observational data using only limited duration and coverage.
Genomic epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae during a mass vaccination campaign of displaced communities in Bangladesh
Authors: Taylor-Brown Alyce , Afrad Mokibul Hassan , Khan Ashraful Islam , Lassalle Florent , Islam Md. Taufiqul , Tanvir Nabid Anjum , Thomson Nicholas R. , Qadri Firdausi
Published: June 2023

Ongoing diarrheal disease surveillance throughout Bangladesh over the last decade has revealed seasonal localised cholera outbreaks in Cox’s Bazar, where both Bangladeshi Nationals and Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMNs) reside in densely populated settlements. FDMNs were recently targeted for the largest cholera vaccination campaign in decades. We aimed to infer the epidemic risk of circulating Vibrio cholerae strains by determining if isolates linked to the ongoing global cholera pandemic (“7PET” lineage) were responsible for outbreaks in Cox’s Bazar. We found two sublineages of 7PET in this setting during the study period; one with global distribution, and a second lineage restricted to Asia and the Middle East. These subclades were associated with different disease patterns that could be partially explained by genomic differences. Here we show that as the pandemic V. cholerae lineage circulates in this vulnerable population, without a vaccine intervention, the risk of an epidemic was very high.
Schizophrenia-associated NRXN1 deletions induce developmental-timing- and cell-type-specific vulnerabilities in human brain organoids
Authors: Sebastian Rebecca , Jin Kang , Pavon Narciso , Bansal Ruby , Potter Andrew , Song Yoonjae , Babu Juliana , Gabriel Rafael , Sun Yubing , Aronow Bruce , Pak ChangHui
Published: June 2023

De novo mutations and copy number deletions in NRXN1 (2p16.3) pose a significant risk for schizophrenia (SCZ). It is unclear how NRXN1 deletions impact cortical development in a cell type-specific manner and disease background modulates these phenotypes. Here, we leveraged human pluripotent stem cell-derived forebrain organoid models carrying NRXN1 heterozygous deletions in isogenic and SCZ patient genetic backgrounds and conducted single-cell transcriptomic analysis over the course of brain organoid development from 3 weeks to 3.5 months. Intriguingly, while both deletions similarly impacted molecular pathways associated with ubiquitin-proteasome system, alternative splicing, and synaptic signaling in maturing glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, SCZ-NRXN1 deletions specifically perturbed developmental trajectories of early neural progenitors and accumulated disease-specific transcriptomic signatures. Using calcium imaging, we found that both deletions led to long-lasting changes in spontaneous and synchronous neuronal networks, implicating synaptic dysfunction. Our study reveals developmental-timing- and cell-type-dependent actions of NRXN1 deletions in unique genetic contexts.
Insights from molecular dynamics and DFT calculations into the interaction of 1,4-benzodiazepines with 2-hydroxypropyl-βCD in a theoretical study
Authors: Ganjali Koli Mokhtar , Eshaghi Malekshah Rahime , Hajiabadi Hossein
Published: June 2023

This study delves into the interaction between benzodiazepine (BZD) drugs and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HPβCD), a cyclodextrin (CD) known to improve drug delivery and enhance therapeutic outcomes. We find that the 2HPβCD’s atoms become more rigid in the presence of chlordiazepoxide (CDP), clonazepam (CLZ), and diazepam (DZM), whereas they become more flexible in the presence of nordazepam (NDM) and nitrazepam (NZP). We also investigated the structure of 2HPβCD and found that loading these drugs increases both the area and volume of the 2HPβCD cavity, making it more suitable for drug delivery. Moreover, this research found that all drugs exhibited negative values for the binding free energy, indicating thermodynamic favorability and improved solubility. The binding free energy order of the BZDs was consistent in both molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods, with CDP and DZM having the highest affinity for binding. We also analyzed the contribution of different interaction energies in binding between the carrier and the drugs and found that Van der Waals energy is the primary component. Our results indicate that the number of hydrogen bonds between 2HPβCD/water slightly decreases in the presence of BZDs, but the hydrogen bond’s quality remains constant.
Effects of 90- and 30-min naps or a 120-min nap on alertness and performance: reanalysis of an existing pilot study
Authors: Oriyama Sanae
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate alertness and cognitive performance immediately after and until the end of the night shift after taking a 120-min monophasic nap (One-nap) or a split 90-min and 30-min nap (Two-nap) during a 16-h simulated night shift, and the relationship between sleep quality and both alertness and performance. This study was performed in 41 females. Among them, 15 participants were included in the No-nap group, 14 in the One-nap group (22:00–00:00), and 12 in the Two-nap group (22:30–00:00 and 02:30–03:00). Participants were tested every hour from 16:00 to 09:00 for performance on the Uchida-Kraepelin test, as well as for subjective feelings of fatigue and drowsiness, body temperature, and heart rate variability. The shorter the sleep latency, the worse the alertness immediately after the 90-min nap. The 120-min and 30-min naps also revealed that prolonged total sleep time led to increased fatigue and drowsiness upon awakening. From 04:00 to 09:00, in the No-nap and One-nap groups, fatigue was higher than in the Two-nap group. The One-nap and Two-nap groups did not show improved morning performance. These results suggest that a split nap might improve drowsiness and fatigue during a long night shift.
Trend judgment as a perceptual building block of graphicacy and mathematics, across age, education, and culture
Authors: Ciccione Lorenzo , Sablé-Meyer Mathias , Boissin Esther , Josserand Mathilde , Potier-Watkins Cassandra , Caparos Serge , Dehaene Stanislas
Published: June 2023

Data plots are widely used in science, journalism and politics, since they efficiently allow to depict a large amount of information. Graphicacy, the ability to understand graphs, has thus become a fundamental cultural skill comparable to literacy or numeracy. Here, we introduce a measure of intuitive graphicacy that assesses the perceptual ability to detect a trend in noisy scatterplots (“does this graph go up or down?”). In 3943 educated participants, responses vary as a sigmoid function of the t-value that a statistician would compute to detect a significant trend. We find a minimum level of core intuitive graphicacy even in unschooled participants living in remote Namibian villages (N = 87) and 6-year-old 1st-graders who never read a graph (N = 27). The sigmoid slope that we propose as a proxy of intuitive graphicacy increases with education and tightly correlates with statistical and mathematical knowledge, showing that experience contributes to refining graphical intuitions. Our tool, publicly available online, allows to quickly evaluate and formally quantify a perceptual building block of graphicacy.
Nanosilica modulates C:N:P stoichiometry attenuating phosphorus toxicity more than deficiency in Megathyrsus maximus cultivated in an Oxisol and Entisol
Authors: de Faria Melo Cíntia Cármen , Silva Amaral Danilo , de Mello Prado Renato , de Moura Zanine Anderson , de Jesus Ferreira Daniele , de Cássia Piccolo Marisa
Published: June 2023

Silicon (Si) nanoparticles can attenuate nutritional disorders caused by phosphorus in forages through nutritional homeostasis. This paper aims to evaluate the effects of P deficiency and toxicity in Megathyrsus maximus cultivated in two types of soils and to verify whether Si application via fertigation can mitigate these imbalances. The following two experiments were carried out: cultivation of forage plants in pots with Entisol and Oxisol, in a 3 × 2 factorial design, with three nutritional levels of phosphorus (deficient, adequate, and excessive) and two Si concentrations in the irrigation water (0 and 1.5 mmol L−1). Height, number of tillers, rate of leaf senescence, dry matter production, C:N, C:Si, C:P, and N:P ratios; and C, P, and N use efficiencies were evaluated in two growth cycles. P imbalances hampered carbon assimilation, C:N:P homeostasis, and dry matter production. Nanosilica fertigation promoted silicon uptake, improving C:N:P homeostasis and nutritional efficiency in plants under P deficiency and toxicity. Leaf senescence was reduced with addition of Si in plants grown in Oxisol in the three nutritional states of P. Silicon attenuated the stress caused by P toxicity in Entisol and Oxisol, improving production in plants without nutritional stress in Oxisol. The supply of Si nanoparticles in the cultivation of M. maximus can contribute to a more efficient and sustainable use of phosphorus in pastures.
Landscape-scale mapping of soil fungal distribution: proposing a new NGS-based approach
Authors: Janowski Daniel , Leski Tomasz
Published: June 2023

Soil fungi play an indispensable role in the functioning of terrestrial habitats. Most landscape-scale studies of soil fungal diversity try to identify the fungal taxa present at a study site and define the relationships between their abundance and environmental factors. The specific spatial distribution of these fungi over the site, however, is not addressed. Our study’s main objective is to propose a novel approach to landscape-scale mapping of soil fungi distribution using next generation sequencing and geographic information system applications. Furthermore, to test the proposed approach and discuss its performance, we aimed to conduct a case study mapping the spatial distribution of soil fungi on the Wielka Żuława island. The case study was performed on the Wielka Żuława island in northern Poland, where soil samples were collected every 100 m in an even grid. The fungal taxa and their relative abundance in each sample were assessed using the Illumina platform. Using the data obtained for the sampled points, maps of soil fungi spatial distribution were generated using three common interpolators: inverted distance weighted (IDW), B-spline, and ordinary Kriging. The proposed approach succeeded in creating maps of fungal distribution on Wielka Żuława. The most abundant groups of soil fungi were Penicillium on the genus level, Aspergillaceae on the family level, and ectomycorrhizal fungi on the trophic group level. Ordinary Kriging proved to be the most accurate at predicting relative abundance values for the groups of fungi significantly spatially autocorrelated at the sampled scale. For the groups of fungi not displaying spatial autocorrelation at the sampled scale, IDW provided the most accurate predictions of their relative abundance. Although less accurate at predicting exact relative abundance values, B-spline performed best in delineating the spatial patterns of soil fungi distribution. The proposed approach to landscape-scale mapping of soil fungi distribution could provide new insights into the ecology of soil fungi and terrestrial ecosystems in general. Producing maps of predicted fungal distribution in landscape-scale soil fungi diversity studies would also facilitate the reusability and replicability of the results. Outside the area of research, mapping the distribution of soil fungi could prove helpful in areas such as agriculture and forestry, nature conservation, and urban planning.
Enzyme-substrate hybrid β-sheet controls geometry and water access to the γ-secretase active site
Authors: Chen Shu-Yu , Feilen Lukas P. , Chávez-Gutiérrez Lucía , Steiner Harald , Zacharias Martin
Published: June 2023

γ-Secretase is an aspartyl intramembrane protease that cleaves the amyloid precursor protein (APP) involved in Alzheimer’s disease pathology and other transmembrane proteins. Substrate-bound structures reveal a stable hybrid β-sheet immediately following the substrate scissile bond consisting of β1 and β2 from the enzyme and β3 from the substrate. Molecular dynamics simulations and enhanced sampling simulations demonstrate that the hybrid β-sheet stability is strongly correlated with the formation of a stable cleavage-compatible active geometry and it also controls water access to the active site. The hybrid β-sheet is only stable for substrates with 3 or more C-terminal residues beyond the scissile bond. The simulation model allowed us to predict the effect of Pro and Phe mutations that weaken the formation of the hybrid β-sheet which were confirmed by experimental testing. Our study provides a direct explanation why γ-secretase preferentially cleaves APP in steps of 3 residues and how the hybrid β-sheet facilitates γ-secretase proteolysis.
Expansion of Armatimonadota through marine sediment sequencing describes two classes with unique ecological roles
Authors: Carlton John D , Langwig Marguerite V , Gong Xianzhe , Aguilar-Pine Emily J , Vázquez-Rosas-Landa Mirna , Seitz Kiley W , Baker Brett J , De Anda Valerie
Published: June 2023

Marine sediments comprise one of the largest environments on the planet, and their microbial inhabitants are significant players in global carbon and nutrient cycles. Recent studies using metagenomic techniques have shown the complexity of these communities and identified novel microorganisms from the ocean floor. Here, we obtained 77 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from the bacterial phylum Armatimonadota in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, and the Bohai Sea, China. These MAGs comprise two previously undescribed classes within Armatimonadota, which we propose naming Hebobacteria and Zipacnadia. They are globally distributed in hypoxic and anoxic environments and are dominant members of deep-sea sediments (up to 1.95% of metagenomic raw reads). The classes described here also have unique metabolic capabilities, possessing pathways to reduce carbon dioxide to acetate via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WLP) and generating energy through the oxidative branch of glycolysis using carbon dioxide as an electron sink, maintaining the redox balance using the WLP. Hebobacteria may also be autotrophic, not previously identified in Armatimonadota. Furthermore, these Armatimonadota may play a role in sulfur and nitrogen cycling, using the intermediate compounds hydroxylamine and sulfite. Description of these MAGs enhances our understanding of diversity and metabolic potential within anoxic habitats worldwide.
Bandgap matching-triggered self-sustaining photocatalytic oxidation
Authors: Cheng Weiwei , Yuan Zhiqin , Lin Yanjun , Lu Chao
Published: June 2023

Self-sustaining photocatalytic oxidation was proposed based on bandgap-matching between CTL emission and the absorption of a hetero-structured Co(OH)2@ZIF-67 catalyst.
Chemical design with GPU-based Ising machines
Authors: Mao Zetian , Matsuda Yoshiki , Tamura Ryo , Tsuda Koji
Published: June 2023

Ising machines are used to create molecules with desired properties. GPU-based Ising machines are shown to outperform qubit-based ones in terms of scalability.
Dietary 5-demethylnobiletin attenuated dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting immune response and regulating gut microbiota
Authors: Xie Peichun , Chen Bin , Ran Jiaxin , Zhan Minmin , Du Hengjun , Hong Fengyi , Lu Muwen , Cao Yong , Xiao Hang , Song Mingyue
Published: June 2023

Dietary 5-DN alleviated DSS-induced colitis in mice by reducing the overexpression of inflammatory cytokines to suppress immune response, upregulating the levels of probiotics, and downregulating the levels of pathogenic bacteria.
Copper-based biological alloys and nanocomposites for enzymatic catalysis and sensing applications
Authors: Pu Yaoyang , Chen Shiyue , Yang Yujun , Mao Xiang
Published: June 2023

Due to its rich d-electron configuration and variable oxidation states, Cu-based biological alloys and nanocomposites have emerged as a prominent research area with specific synthesis conditions and demonstrate enzyme-like and sensing activities.
Study on the concentration retrieval of SO2 and NO2 in mixed gases based on the improved DOAS method
Authors: Yang Yibiao , Wang Jianing , Zhang Zihui , Lin Guanyu
Published: June 2023

NO2 and SO2 are important components of air pollutants, and their absorption spectra are superimposed at 193–253 nm.
Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from corncob via ionic liquid [Bmim][HSO4] hydrolysis: effects of major process conditions on dimensions of the product
Authors: Rasri Wanwipa , Thu Vu Thi , Corpuz Angelica , Nguyen Loc Thai
Published: June 2023

Nanocellulose produced from ionic liquid [Bmim][HSO4] hydrolysis of corncob.
Pt cocatalyst morphology on semiconductor nanorod photocatalysts enhances charge trapping and water reduction
Authors: Park Bumjin , Park Won-Woo , Choi Ji Yong , Choi Woong , Sung Young Mo , Sul Soohwan , Kwon Oh-Hoon , Song Hyunjoon
Published: June 2023

Pt rough tips exhibit the highest photocatalytic activity by enhancing carrier dynamics and surface reactivity.
Feshbach resonances in the F + CHD3 → HF + CD3 reaction
Authors: Liu Shu , Chen Jun , Zhang Xiaoren , Zhang Dong H.
Published: June 2023

The F + CHD3 reaction possesses Feshbach resonances trapped in the chemical bond softening well on the HF(v′ = 3)–CD3 VAP, which prove that the hydrogen abstraction reactions involving a F atom share the same resonance picture.
MOF-derived porous ZnO integrated with NiO and colloidal QDs for efficient hydrogen generation via a synergistic photoelectrochemical and electrochemical process
Authors: Tao Yi , Tang Zikun , Zhong Yihong , Bao Dequan , Gao Zhenqiu , Zhao Wei , Wen Zhen , Zhang Hao , Wang Kanghong , Sun Xuhui
Published: June 2023

A bifunctional electrode that integrates NiO cocatalysts and QDs light absorbers exhibits a higher Jsc of 21.7 mA cm−2, providing an efficient and low-cost paradigm to generate hydrogen under both light-on and light-off conditions.
Multiscale structural control of MFI zeolite using poly-quaternary ammonium cation
Authors: Zhou Yingjie , Deng Quanzheng , Deng Donghao , Liu Wei , Zhai Miao , Wang Zhendong , Han Lu , Zhu Kake
Published: June 2023

Polycation [–N+(CH2CH2CH3)2–(CH2)6–]n[OH−]n, conceptually equivalent to bond-linked tetrapropyl ammonium cation, is designed to generate reduced a-axis and 36° rotational MFI nanosheet intergrowth with enhanced catalytic n-heptane cracking property.
Advancing CH4/H2 separation with covalent organic frameworks by combining molecular simulations and machine learning
Authors: Aksu Gokhan Onder , Keskin Seda
Published: June 2023

A computational approach combining molecular simulations and ML to evaluate CoRE COFs and hypoCOFs for CH4/H2 separation.
A S-substituted Nile Blue-derived bifunctional near-infrared fluorescent probe for in vivo carboxylesterase imaging-guided photodynamic therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Beilei , Huang Yong , Yang Dezhi , Xu Jiayao , Zhong Xiaohong , Zhao Shulin , Liang Hong
Published: June 2023

A novel S-substituted Nile Blue-derived fluorescent probe CEP1 for carboxylesterase imaging-guided photodynamic therapy, and the proposed mechanism of CEP1 activated by the carboxylesterase.
Review on the key technologies of power grid cyber‐physical systems simulation
Authors: Lin Gang , Rehtanz Christian , Wang Shaoyang , Liu Jiayan , Zhang Zhenyu , Wang Pengcheng
Published: June 2023

A Cyber‐Physical System (CPS) is a spatiotemporal multi‐dimensional and heterogeneous hybrid autonomous system composed of deep integration of information resources and physical systems. With the development of digitisation and digitalisation, a large number of data acquisition equipment, computing equipment, and electrical equipment are interconnected between the power grid and the information communication network. The power grid has thus been restructured as a mature and highly complex CPS. In order to promote the development of power grid CPS technologies and provide a reference for relevant researchers in the field, the origin and concept of CPS and features in power grid CPS are introduced firstly. Then the key technologies of power grid CPS simulation are discussed and further analysed from three perspectives, including modelling theory, simulation methods, and system‐level simulation. On this basis, the application of CPS simulation technology in future power grids has been prospected.
Data security in smart devices: Advancement, constraints and future recommendations
Authors: Wenhua Zhang , Kamrul Hasan Mohammad , Ismail Ahmad Fadzil , Yanke Zhang , Razzaque Md Abdur , Islam Shayla , Anil kumar Budati
Published: June 2023

Network security protocols are implemented to address network security challenges. Computer networks and applications have advanced and developed significantly in recent years, but consumers ‘excitement for network technology and high‐tech devices has been dampened by continual exposure to data security vulnerabilities. As of now, some individuals refuse to use smart devices due to concerns about the authenticity, confidentiality and integrity of data security leaks. This not only prompts Internet service providers to follow market protection mechanisms but also requires software developers to apply appropriate security protocols to protect computer network security. These applications’ dependability and integrity are dependent not just on the effectiveness of cryptographic algorithms, but also on key management protocols. Understanding network security protocols and implementing high‐quality standards to govern the transmission of data in the network are critical components of guaranteeing network security. The article explores data security, primarily at the application layer, various attack methods for different network security protocols and highlights the potential security implications. The study also looks at the corresponding, practical security measures and future research prospects for certain kinds of attacks. Finally, some technical challenges that remain unsolved at the time of writing are summarised, and future trends in cybersecurity are discussed.
Influence analysis of working state control angle on electric spring with switchable smart load
Authors: Duan Yubin , Wei Yi , Wang Xiaohu , Chen Xinyuan , Zhao Chaohui
Published: June 2023

Traditional electric springs can only stabilize the voltage of critical loads (CL), while sacrificing the operational stability of non‐critical loads (NCL), the status of these two loads is obviously unequal, exposure to fluctuating voltages for extended periods of time can be hazardous to NCL. To solve this problem, a control method based on electric spring (ES) with switchable smart load (SSL) that does not distinguish between CL and NCL is proposed. This paper briefly introduces first the definition, principle and control strategy of the ES with SSL. Then, the relationship between the working state control angle in this control strategy and the working state of ES is analysed in detail. A method to obtain reasonable value ranges of working state control angle by setting boundary conditions is studied. Finally, an experimental platform is built based on DSP TMS320F28069 for experiments, experimental results show that ES can stabilize the voltage of different loads in different time by adopting this control strategy, the working state of ES can be adjusted and the four‐quadrant operation of electric spring can be realized by changing the working state control angle.
Influence of participatory monitoring and evaluation on decision-making in maternal and newborn health programs in Mombasa County, Kenya
Authors: Oginga Pauline Adhiambo , Odongo Alfred Owino , Nguku Julius Njathi
Published: June 2023

The study assessed the utilization of participatory monitoring and evaluation approaches (PM&E) and their influence on decision-making in maternal and newborn health programs (MNH) in Mombasa County, Kenya. We conducted a cross-sectional study with a sample of 390 participants and used a structured questionnaire, modified Quality of Decision-Making Orientation Scheme, and an interview guide to collect data. We analyzed quantitative responses using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression (at significance level of 0.05) and qualitative responses using content analysis. The study established that quality decision-making was more likely to occur in MNH programs in Mombasa County that used PM&E approaches at the initiation (OR 1.728, p < 0.05), design and planning (OR 2.977, p < 0.05), and implementation (OR 5.665, p < 0.05) phases of MNH programs than in those that did not use the PM&E approaches. This study shapes a persuasive case for improving the provision of maternal and newborn health services.
Experimental study on self-heating phenomena of CMDB/HTPB propellant under intermediate strain rate compression load
Authors: Wang Ran , Wang Ningfei , Zhang Yiming , Bai Long , Wu Yi , Dang Jinfeng , Tian Xiaotao
Published: June 2023

Self-heating behaviour of solid propellants under intermediate strain rate compressive loading have been studied. Effects of two intermediate strain rate (1 s-1 and 150 s-1) of the CMDB/HTPB propellants were investigated. The compression test was conducted using a hydraulic testing machine and the self-heating temperatures were measured by an infrared camera. The results show the following: (1) For CMDB propellant, the surface temperature of specimens rapidly increased at the initial period, then decreased due to the movement of the high temperature region caused by deformation, and then increased again. Finally, the surface temperature slowly decreased due to heat transfer to the surroundings. Infrared thermography showed the formation of a hot spot. Cracks were initiated and gradually expanded to the interior area during compression. (2) For HTPB propellant, the surface temperature of specimens increased slightly. Compared with CMDB specimens, there was no significant damage to HTPB specimens. (3) For both CMDB and HTPB propellants, the temperature distribution of specimens was non-homogeneous. At the centre of the specimen surface, the temperature is the highest. The self-heating temperatures of propellant increased with increasing the strain rate. However, the difference is slight for HTPB propellant, whereas it is considerable for CMDB propellant.
Study on the forming quality of double-base gun propellants based on extrusion 3D printing technology
Authors: Wang M R , Jin G R , Zhou Y R , Chen L , Zhang J W , Lin X Y , Nan F Q , He W D
Published: June 2023

In order to improve the forming quality of 3D printed gun propellants, rosette-shaped 19-perf double-base gun propellants with different geometric dimensions (inner diameter and web thickness) were printed by extrusion 3D printing technology based on conventional double-base propellant formulations. The printed gun propellants were characterized in terms of surface structure, inner diameter and web thickness dimensional uniformity, and density. The effects of geometrical dimensions (inner diameter and web thickness) and printing process parameters (line width and flow compensation) on the forming quality of gun propellant were studied. The results showed that printed rosette-shaped 19-perf double-base gun propellants have a good surface structure with a clear outer profile and inner diameter from 1.5 mm to 3.0 mm. When the printing process parameters were the same, the larger the geometry, the higher the dimensional uniformity of the printed gun propellant. When the printing model was the same, the decrease in printing line width and the increase of printing flow compensation in the printing process parameters had the same effect on the dimensional uniformity of the printed gun propellant. The rosette-shaped 19-perf gun propellant with a model inner diameter and web thickness of 1.5 mm had the best dimensional uniformity at the printed line width and flux compensation of 0.45 mm and 1.0, respectively, with relative standard deviations of 2.699%, 1.986%, and 2.458% for inner diameter, inner and outer web thickness, respectively. The density of the printed propellant ranged from 1.565 to 1.606 g·cm−3. This study has a guiding significance for the application of extrusion 3D printing technology in the field of gun propellant.
Research Progress on Photocurable 3D Printing of Propellants and Explosives
Authors: Tan Bo-Jun , Mo Hong-Chang , Lu Xian-Ming , Duan Bing-Hui , Chen Shao-Li , Liu Ning
Published: June 2023

Compared to the traditional field of propellants and explosives preparation molding technology, photocuring 3D printing which could realize the precise molding and control of propellants and explosives manufacturing performance, and overturn the traditional manufacturing concept of propellants and explosives, had attracted close attention of scientists all over the world and great progress had been made in the field of propellants and explosives. According to the technical characteristics and application direction of photocuring 3D printing, this paper summarizes the research progress of photocurable 3D printing propellants and explosives around the world, analyzes the problems in the research of photocurable 3D printing propellants and explosives, and points out the importance of new adhesives for photocurable 3D printing propellants and explosives. In addition, it also summarizes the development direction and trend of photocurable adhesive, providing a reference for the application of 3D printing technology in propellants and explosives.
Bioactive compound profile of propolis product from Beekeeping (Meliponiculture) in Turi Yogyakarta Indonesia
Authors: Sudaryadi I , Oktaweni F , Pramono I E , Fatikasary K W , Widiawati H , Sutikno
Published: June 2023

Medicinal bio-products have been used all over the world for the treatment and prevention of various ailments, particularly in developing countries where infectious diseases are endemic and modern health facilities and services are inadequate. There is growing evidence in the correlation of the bio-chemical constituents found in medicinal bio-products with their pharmacological activities. One source of natural bioproduct medicine is propolis from the stingless bee. The objective of this research was to analyze the composition of bioactive compunds found in the methanolic extract of raw propolis from the stingless bee farmed in the meliponiculture practice in Turi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The raw propolis sample was extracted with methanol by using the soxhlet extractor and the obtained crude methanolic extract was then analyzed using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The qualitative analyses of the methanolic crude extract using the GC-MS showed that the profile of the propolis’ chromatogram has different types of high and low molecular weight compounds consisting of 26 bioactive compounds which can be categorized in 3 (three) different groups: terpenoids, phenolic, and steroids. Most of the bioactive compounds are found to be biologically important. Futher research is still needed to further analyze the presence of other various bioactive compounds and to confirm and isolate their individual bio-chemical constituents for treatment of various ailment and the bioprospecting of potential antimicrobial drugs.
Investigating sensory characteristics and consumer preferences of functional beverages made from Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum Linne)
Authors: Ervina Ervina , Marvell Jonathan
Published: June 2023

Tulsi is widely known as a medicinal plant and possesses many health benefits. The pharmacological study regarding the compounds in tulsi has been widely studied, but the sensory characteristic and consumer acceptance of this plant has never been conducted previously. This study aims to investigate the sensory characteristics of functional beverages made from tulsi leaves and to determine which sensory attributes that able to promote consumers’ acceptance. Three samples of tulsi beverages were evaluated by the trained panels (n=14) using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) while the acceptance test was assessed by 61 consumers. A total of 27 key attributes of tulsi beverages were generated during the QDA evaluation. All the samples have different sensory characteristics. The aroma and taste of ginger, citrus, lemongrass, basil, mint, honey, sweetness, and aftertaste of the hot sensation of ginger were positively associated with consumers’ liking. In contrast, bitter aroma, watery-like texture, astringent and astringent aftertaste were contribute to consumers’ disliking. This study could be used as a preliminary study for developing new functional beverage products from tulsi leaves by considering the sensory characteristic and key attributes for the liking of tulsi beverages.
Development of tempeh made from soybeans, black-eyed beans, and winged beans
Authors: Maitresya Loveggie Bella , Surya Reggie
Published: June 2023

In early 2022, there was a significant increase in the price of imported soybeans, which resulted in an increase in prices of tempeh, a fermented soyfood from Indonesia. A study was conducted to compare the quality of tempeh made with a combination of several soybean alternatives, namely black-eyed beans and winged bean seeds. In this study, proximate analysis, determination of antioxidant activity, and sensory evaluation were carried out on 4 sample formulations, namely P0 (control); P1 (50% soybeans + 50% black-eyed beans); P2 (50% soybeans + 50% winged bean seeds); and P3 (50% soybeans + 25% black-eyed beans + 25% winged bean seeds). Based on the results obtained, it was found that sample P2 obtained the highest protein content and antioxidant activity, whereas control tempeh (sample P0) obtained the highest sensory acceptance/assessment score. According to the results of the study, the tempeh formulation which offers the best quality was sample P2 (formulation of 50% soybeans and 50% winged bean seeds).
Microencapsulation effect of natural dye extracts of spirulina platensis, dragon fruit peel, and pumpkin skin on antioxidant activity, color stability and particle size
Authors: Handayani S S , Bastian Februadi , Mahendradata Meta
Published: June 2023

The nature of natural dyes added to food raw materials is easily damaged during processing and exposure to light. This study aimed to determine the effect of microencapsulation on antioxidant activity, color stability, and particle size of the natural dyes produced. This study used three types of commodities to be extracted with the addition of a coating, i.e. spirulina platensis using maltodextrin and carrageenan; dragon fruit peel using maltodextrin and gum arabic; and pumpkin skin using maltodextrin and gelatine. The tests observed were antioxidant activity, changes in color stability with light and without light parameters, and particle size. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of natural dyes after microencapsulation increased the IC50 value. IC50 value of spirulina platensis extracts increased from 2164.75 ppm to 4026.96 ppm; dragon fruit peel extracts increased from 688.91 ppm to 2403.71 ppm, and pumpkin skin extracts increased from 1025.62 ppm to 4327.92 ppm. Color stability of spirulina extract stored for 10 days showed unstable color. Color stability of fruit peel extract storaged for 10 days showed less stable, whereas color stability of pumpkin skin extract is stable. While the color stability without the light on the Spirulina platensis extract during stored for 10 days is stable, whereas color stability of the dragon fruit peel extract and pumpkin skin extract were unstable. The particle size of each microencapsulates meet the microencapsulated particle size requirements.
Hydraulic analysis of rainfall utilization on acid sulphate soil leaching in lowland irrigation Area of Unit Tamban Central Kalimantan
Authors: Sari D M , Karlina  , Jayadi R
Published: June 2023

Unit Tamban is one of the tidal swamp irrigation areas located in the ex-PLG area, precisely in Block D of Central Kalimantan. The productivity of Unit Tamban is very low, with only one planting every year due to the low water quality in the canal and the unfinished land reclamation process. The volume of freshwater from the tide is only 229,788 m3, while the leaching of acidic sulphate soils requires 248,000 m3. Unit Tamban has a dominant hydro-topography of types B and C, so some agricultural land uses rainwater as an irrigation water supply. The study aimed to examine the effect of rain discharge on the existing irrigation network as an additional water supply in the leaching of acidic sulphate soils in the swamp irrigation area of Unit Tamban. This study used dependable rainfall for calculating rain discharge and one-dimensional hydraulic modelling using HEC-RAS. The water volume in rainy conditions can meet the needs of acid sulphate soil leaching, while there is a deficit of 7% in existing conditions. The availability of dependable rain can meet the need for acid sulphate soil leaching so that the reclamation process can run well.
Amino acid analysis and physiological properties of protein concentrate made from Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens)
Authors: Loho Luna , Lo Diana , Romulo Andreas
Published: June 2023

Food waste continues to increase as the population increases. The buildup of food waste can cause environmental pollution and imbalance in the food system. With the potential for various problems that can be caused by food waste and animal husbandry activities, the use of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae is expected in helping organic waste decomposition, as well as becoming an alternative protein source. Therefore, this study aims to study the amino acid profile and the quality of protein concentrate produced from BSF. The amino acid profile of BSF larvae, the protein content, foaming capacity and stability, and emulsion capacity and stability of protein concentrate made from BSF larvae were determined. Based on the results of this study, it was found that BSF larvae contains complete essential amino acid. Furthermore, it was also found that the protein concentrate made from BSF larvae was 79.94 ± 0.49%. BSF larvae protein concentrate has a good ability in forming and maintaining foam, but has a poor ability in forming and maintaining emulsion if compared to bovine serum albumin.
Early identification of “Gudeg” product characteristics in High Barrier Retort Grade (HBRG) packaging
Authors: Amri A F , Kusumaningrum A , Praharasti A R , Amdani R Z , Suratno  , Siswoprayogi  , Susanto A , Nurhikmat A , Darmawan G
Published: June 2023

Food packaging is needed to reduce the risk of food spoilage caused by physical, chemical, and biological factors. Based on the recent development, it is necessary to use a type of packaging that can be applied as food packaging while still having the durability to meet the feasibility level of the sterilization process. This study aims to identify the character of gudeg packaged with HBRG packaging procedure. In this study, the heat penetration, proximate and metal contamination analysis were done as an initial identification step for the characteristics of the gudeg in HBRG packaging. In this study, two variants of gudeg were made, namely egg gudeg and non-egg gudeg. The results obtained in this study are gudeg products packaged in HBRG packaging with a net product weight of 235 g per package. The lethality value of egg gudeg is 3.51 minutes and 4.94 minutes for non-egg gudeg. The energy value of non-egg gudeg and egg gudeg in HBRG packaging is 149.38 kcal/100g and 160.25 kcal/100g respectively. The metal contamination analysis being done in this study has stated that no heavy metal contamination was detected in all variants of products. HBRG packaging procedure can be applied for gudeg by following food safety requirements.
Comparison of soxhletation and Microwave Assisted Extraction method for extracting polyphenols in cacao pod husks (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Darasia  , Mahendradatta M , Hasizah A , Rahmaniar
Published: June 2023

Cacao pod husks (Theobroma cacao L.) are waste from cacao processing. They contain polyphenolic compounds that are obtained by extraction. The most commonly used extraction methods are maceration and soxhletation. However, this method has disadvantages such as long extraction time and high solvent requirements. This study aimed to compare the soxhletation and Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) extraction methods on cacao pod husks. The parameters observed were total phenol, yield, moisture content, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the soxhletation was significantly different from the MAE in total phenol, antioxidant activity, and water content. The results of extraction using MAE produced the highest total phenol content of 6.473 mg GAE/g with antioxidant activity of 27.2 μg/mL and moisture content of 13.5%.
Optimization of concentration and exposure time of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) for the development of hydrophobic coating of drying chamber of spray dryer
Authors: Rahman N F N N A , Hashim H , Zubairi S I
Published: June 2023

Modelling was applied using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite rotatable design (CCRD) in order to establish the optimum conditions for applying PTFE on borosilicate glass to create a hydrophobic surface coating. Two experimental operating conditions of concentration and exposure time of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were optimized, obtaining high contact angle value, and showed high hydrophobic characteristics for PTFE-coated plate. Multiple linear regression analysis was implemented to develop a second-order polynomial model for the response. Results indicated that the most significant (p<0.05) factors influencing the contact angle value of the PTFE-coated plate were the main effect of concentration of PTFE. When the PTFE concentration increases, the plate’s contact angle also increases. The optimum conditions to maximize the value of contact angle (113.23°) for hydrophobic characteristics were a PTFE concentration of 9.17% and a PTFE exposure time of 6 minutes. The experimental results met what was predicted, indicating the model suitability for hydrophobic conditions optimization for the plate. This research indicated a good optimization of a PTFE solution in developing hydrophobic surface on a PTFE-coated plate.
The occurrence of doxycycline residue in raw dairy milk from Malang and Padang Panjang, Indonesia
Authors: Widiastuti R , Martindah E
Published: June 2023

Antibiotic residue in milk has a negative impact on human health. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of doxycycline residues in fresh dairy milk and to evaluate its dietary intake to Indonesian population through milk consumption. Ninety milk samples were collected from the District of Malang (East Java Province) and sixty-six milk samples from Padang Panjang City (West Sumatera Province). All samples were analyzed for doxycycline residue using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The estimated daily intake (EDI) was determined by multiplying the mean concentration of antibiotics and the average daily milk consumption dividing it by the weight of population target. The occurrence of doxycycline residue obtained in raw milk samples was 36.67% for samples from Malang and 12.12% for samples from Padang Panjang. The range and average concentration for doxycycline residue in milk samples were 44.8-557.2 ng/g and 203.0 ng/g for samples from Malang and 14.2-64.5 ng/g and 30.1 ng/g for samples from Padang Panjang, respectively. Samples from Malang shows the highest EDI values of doxycycline both for adult, and children population and demonstrated the toxicological risk of consumption doxycycline together with the present other types or groups of antibiotics residue in milk or other types of foods. The results obtained show that, to prevent the negative effects of antibiotic residues on human health, the presence of antibiotic residues in raw dairy milk still needs to be monitored regularly.