bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Common Mathematical Model of Fatigue Characteristics
Authors: Maléř Z. , Slavík S. , Marczi T. , Růžička M.
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a new common mathematical model which is able to describe fatigue characteristics in the whole necessary range by one equation only:log N = A(R) + B(R) ∙ log Sawhere A(R) = AR2 + BR + C and B(R) = DR2 + AR + F.This model was verified by five sets of fatigue data taken from the literature and by our own three additional original fatigue sets. The fatigue data usually described the region of N 104 to 3 x 106 and stress ratio of R = -2 to 0.5. In all these cases the proposed model described fatigue results with small scatter. Studying this model, following knowledge was obtained:– the parameter ”stress ratio R” was a good physical characteristic– the proposed model provided a good description of the eight collections of fatigue test results by one equation only– the scatter of the results through the whole scope is only a little greater than that round the individual S/N curve– using this model while testing may reduce the number of test samples and shorten the test time– as the proposed model represents a common form of the S/N curve, it may be used for processing uniform objective fatigue life results, which may enable mutual comparison of fatigue characteristics.
Nanoelectronic Device Structures at Terahertz Frequency
Authors: Horák M.
Published: March 2021

Potential barriers of different types (rectangular, triangle, parabolic) with a dc-bias and a small ac-signal in the THz-frequency band are investigated in this paper. The height of the potential barrier is modulated by the high frequency signal. If electrons penetrate through the barrier they can emit or absorb usually one or even more energy quanta, thus the electron wave function behind the barrier is a superposition of different harmonics. The time-dependent Schrödinger equation is solved to obtain the reflection and transmission amplitudes and the barrier transmittance corresponding to the harmonics. The electronic current density is calculated according to the Tsu-Esaki formula. If the harmonics of the electron current density are known, the complex admittance and other electrical parameters of the structure can be found.
Aerodynamic Analysis of Turboprop Engine Air Intake
Authors: Chudý P. , Fiľakovský K. , Friedl J.
Published: March 2021

The objective of this paper is to present CFD computation of a LET L-410 engine nacelle equipped with a Walter M-601E turboprop engine. The main purpose is to estimate the air intake fluid characteristics of different air intake geometries. The results of these computations are part of an optimisation process focused on increasing the performance and reducing the losses in the ‘engine - nacelle` system. A problem with flow separation in the input section was observed. This project is supported by Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic.
Nonlocal Theories in Continuum Mechanics
Authors: Jirásek M.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to explain why the standard continuum theory fails to properly describe certain mechanical phenomena and how the description can be improved by enrichments that incorporate the influence of gradients or weighted spatial averages of strain or of an internal variable. Three typical mechanical problems that require such enrichments are presented: (i) dispersion of short elastic waves in heterogeneous or discrete media, (ii) size effects in microscale elastoplasticity, in particular with the size dependence of the apparent hardening modulus, and (iii) localization of strain and damage in quasibrittle structures and with the resulting transitional size effect. Problems covered in the examples encompass static and dynamic phenomena, linear and nonlinear behavior, and three constitutive frameworks, namely elasticity, plasticity and continuum damage mechanics. This shows that enrichments of the standard continuum theory can be useful in a wide range of mechanical problems.
A Progress Report on Numerical Solutions of Least Squares Adjustment in GNU Project Gama
Authors: Čepek A. , Pytel J.
Published: March 2021

GNU project Gama for adjustment of geodetic networks is presented. Numerical solution of Least Squares Adjustment in the project is based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and General Orthogonalization Algorithm (GSO). Both algorithms enable solution of singular systems resulting from adjustment of free geodetic networks.
Pseudorandom Testing – A Study of the Effect of the Generator Type
Authors: Fišer P. , Kubátová H.
Published: March 2021

The test pattern generator produces test vectors that are applied to the tested circuit during pseudo-random testing of combinational circuits. The nature of the generator thus directly influences the fault coverage achieved. In this paper we discuss the influence of the type of pseudo-random pattern generator on stuck-at fault coverage. Linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs) are mostly used as test pattern generators, and the generating polynomial is primitive to ensure the maximum period. We have shown that it is not necessary to use primitive polynomials, and moreover that their using is even undesirable in most cases. This fact is documented by statistical graphs. The necessity of the proper choice of a generating polynomial and an LFSR seed is shown here, by designing a mixed-mode BIST for the ISCAS benchmarks.An alternative to LFSRs are cellular automata (CA). We study the effectiveness of CA when used as pseudo-random pattern generators. The observations are documented by statistical results.
Scalable Normal Basis Arithmetic Unit for Elliptic Curve Cryptography
Authors: Schmidt J. , Novotný M.
Published: March 2021

The design of a scalable arithmetic unit for operations over elements of GF(2m) represented in normal basis is presented. The unit is applicable in public-key cryptography. It comprises a pipelined Massey-Omura multiplier and a shifter. We equipped the multiplier with additional data paths to enable easy implementation of both multiplication and inversion in a single arithmetic unit. We discuss optimum design of the shifter with respect to the inversion algorithm and multiplier performance. The functionality of the multiplier/inverter has been tested by simulation and implemented in Xilinx Virtex FPGA.We present implementation data for various digit widths which exhibit a time minimum for digit width D = 15.
Dynamic Behaviour of the Patented Kobold Tidal Current Turbine: Numerical and Experimental Aspects
Authors: Coiro D. P. , Marco A. De , Nicolosi F. , Melone S. , Montella F.
Published: March 2021

This paper provides a summary of the work done at DPA on numerical and experimental investigations of a novel patented vertical axis and variable pitching blades hydro turbine designed to harness energy from marine tidal currents. Ponte di Archimede S.p.A. Company, located in Messina, Italy, owns the patented KOBOLD turbine that is moored in the Messina Strait, between the mainland and Sicily. The turbine has a rotor with a diameter of 6 meters, three vertical blades of 5 meters span with a 0.4 m chord ad hoc designed curved airfoil, producing high lift with no cavitation. The rated power is 160 kW with 3.5 m/s current speed, which means 25% global system efficiency. The VAWT and VAWT_DYN computer codes, based on Double Multiple Steamtube, have been developed to predict the steady and dynamic performances of a cycloturbine with fixed or self-acting variable pitch straight-blades. A theoretical analysis and a numerical prediction of the turbine performances as well as experimental test results on both a model and the real scale turbine will be presented and discussed.
Fuzzy Optimisation of Structural Performance
Authors: Holický M.
Published: March 2021

Structural performance has become a fundamental concept in advanced engineering design in construction. Basic criteria concerning the action effects and imposed performance requirements are analysed assuming two types of uncertainties: randomness and vagueness. The natural randomness of the action effect is handled by commonly used methods of the theory of probability. The vagueness of performance requirements due to indistinct or imprecise specification and perception is analysed using the basic tools of the theory of fuzzy sets. Both types of uncertainties are considered to define fuzzy probabilistic measures of structural performance, the damage function and fuzzy probability of failure. Fuzzy probabilistic optimisation of vibration constraints indicates that the limiting values recommended for the acceleration of building structures may be uneconomical. Further research should focus on verifying of the input theoretical models using available experimental data.
Composite Axial Flow Propulsor for Small Aircraft
Authors: Poul R. , Hanus D.
Published: March 2021

This work focuses on the design of an axial flow ducted fan driven by a reciprocating engine. The solution minimizes the turbulization of the flow around the aircraft. The fan has a rotor - stator configuration. Due to the need for low weight of the fan, a carbon/epoxy composite material was chosen for the blades and the driving shaft.The fan is designed for optimal isentropic efficiency and free vortex flow. A stress analysis of the rotor blade was performed using the Finite Element  Method. The skin of the blade is calculated as a laminate and the foam core as a solid. A static and dynamic analysis were made. The RTM technology is compared with other technologies and is described in detail.
A Complete Parametric Solutions of Eigenstructure Assignment by State-Derivative Feedback for Linear Control Systems
Authors: Abdelaziz T. H. S. , Valášek M.
Published: March 2021

In this paper we introduce a complete parametric approach for solving the problem of eigenstructure assignment via state-derivative feedback for linear systems. This problem is always solvable for any controllable systems iff the open-loop system matrix is nonsingular. In this work, two parametric solutions to the feedback gain matrix are introduced that describe the available degrees of freedom offered by the state-derivative feedback in selecting the associated eigenvectors from an admissible class. These freedoms can be utilized to improve robustness of the closed-loop system. Accordingly, the sensitivity of the assigned eigenvalues to perturbations in the system and gain matrix is minimized. Numerical examples are included to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Differenzierung in Geschichtsschulbüchern
Authors: Bramann Christoph , Kühberger Christoph
Published: March 2021

Christoph Bramann und Christoph Kühberger gehen in ihrem Beitrag der Frage nach, welche Zugänge Geschichtsschulbücher anbieten können, um die Umsetzung inklusiver Lernsettings im Unterricht zu unterstützen. Hierfür stellen die Autoren mögliche Ausgangspunkte für Differenzierungsansätze in Schulbüchern vor und untersuchen, inwiefern aktuelle Geschichtsschulbüchern bereits auf die Herausforderungen eines inklusiven Fachunterrichts reagiert haben. Auf dieser Basis wird abschließend ein Ausblick auf weitere Entwicklungspotenziale im Bereich differenzierender Lernangebote mit Schulbüchern gegeben, um Schüler*innen bestmöglich bei ihren individuellen Aneignungsprozessen zu unterstützen.
Izrael wobec zakazu sprzymierzania się z poganami w wybranych tekstach Septuaginty: część I
Authors: Nawrot Janusz
Published: March 2021

This article analyses the problem of Israelites forming an alliance in diff erent times chiefl y described in the Pentateuch. Many existing exegetic commentaries lack a clear answer explaining the extent of the prohibition to ally with Gentiles described in Ex 23:32; 34:12; Deut 7:2 and Judg 2:2. The author wants to give a full answer to the question why the prohibition concerns only the nations neighboring Israel after the chosen people started to occupy the Promised Land; or perhaps it also concerns the Gentile nations that neighbored Israel. Should the prohibition be interpreted restrictively or extensively? One should also defi ne the necessity of the prohibition, that is what it actually concerned — any sort of signing a pact with Gentiles or merely the realm of purity of faith so as to dodge the temptation of idolatry. An attempt to answer these questions will broaden the knowledge about these important times of the chosen people.
Kaznodzieja jako vir orationis
Authors: Bucki Łukasz
Published: March 2021

The word is a mighty ruler capable of performing miracles. Proclamation of God’s Word was and still is one of the most important tasks of the Church. The Word of God awakens and deepens faith. The preacher undertakes a responsible task collaborating with God himself. This responsibility goes beyond the limits of worldliness. Reading and studying the Bible is not sufficient. It is essen- tial to join talent and knowledge together with prayer. Therefore, prayer should be the foundation of priest’s spiritual life. Proper preparation and fruitful preaching is closely related to the spiritual life of the preacher of God’s Word. Immersed in prayer preacher is a credible witness of Christ and a living sign of God’s presence in the modern world. The preacher must be convinced of what he teaches. There is no shortage in the Church of those who are a model of preaching based on their prayer. The word of God they had proclaimed was a masterpiece. The Word that matured in prayer was like gold received from God to pass on to man.
Persistent memory hash indexes
Authors: Hu Daokun , Chen Zhiwen , Wu Jianbing , Sun Jianhua , Chen Hao
Published: March 2021

Persistent memory (PM) is increasingly being leveraged to build hash-based indexing structures featuring cheap persistence, high performance, and instant recovery, especially with the recent release of Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory Modules. However, most of them are evaluated on DRAM-based emulators with unreal assumptions, or focus on the evaluation of specific metrics with important properties sidestepped. Thus, it is essential to understand how well the proposed hash indexes perform on real PM and how they differentiate from each other if a wider range of performance metrics are considered.

To this end, this paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of persistent hash tables. In particular, we focus on the evaluation of six state-of-the-art hash tables including Level hashing, CCEH, Dash, PCLHT, Clevel, and SOFT, with real PM hardware. Our evaluation was conducted using a unified benchmarking framework and representative workloads. Besides characterizing common performance properties, we also explore how hardware configurations (such as PM bandwidth, CPU instructions, and NUMA) affect the performance of PM-based hash tables. With our in-depth analysis, we identify design trade-offs and good paradigms in prior arts, and suggest desirable optimizations and directions for the future development of PM-based hash tables.
Zen
Authors: Liu Gang , Chen Leying , Chen Shimin
Published: March 2021

Emerging Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) technologies like 3DX-point promise significant performance potential for OLTP databases. However, transactional databases need to be redesigned because the key assumptions that non-volatile storage is orders of magnitude slower than DRAM and only supports blocked-oriented access have changed. NVMs are byte-addressable and almost as fast as DRAM. The capacity of NVM is much (4-16x) larger than DRAM. Such NVM characteristics make it possible to build OLTP database entirely in NVM main memory.

This paper studies the structure of OLTP engines with hybrid NVM and DRAM memory. We observe three challenges to design an OLTP engine for NVM: tuple metadata modifications, NVM write redundancy, and NVM space management. We propose Zen, a high-throughput log-free OLTP engine for NVM. Zen addresses the three design challenges with three novel techniques: metadata enhanced tuple cache, log-free persistent transactions, and light-weight NVM space management. Experimental results on a real machine equipped with Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory show that Zen achieves up to 10.1x improvement compared with existing solutions to run an OLTP database as large as the size of NVM while achieving fast failure recovery.
Recent developments in carbon nanotubes-based perovskite solar cells with boosted efficiency and stability
Authors: Jaffri Shaan Bibi , Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , Thebo Khalid Hussain , Rehman Faisal
Published: March 2021

Perovskite solar cells (PSC) comprising of organic–inorganic lead halide composition have been considered as the future candidates for substituting the costly crystalline silicon-based solar cells if the challenges of efficiency and stability are adequately addressed. PSCs have been known for the employment of costly materials serving as electron transport, hole transport layers and back contact electrode such as gold, silver, or aluminum, needing thermal deposition in high vacuum ambiance. Metallic electrodes have been observed as not robust and thus, prone to quick degradation hindering the overall photovoltaic functionality of PSC devices. Carbon-modified PSCsviautilization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been a favorable choice in terms of longer stability and efficiency. Considering the overpowering potential of CNTs in transforming PSC device functionality, current review has been designed to elucidate the most recent progressions carried out in utilization of CNTs in PSCs. Furthermore, this review focussed a critical view on the utilization of CNTs-based PSCs for lower fill factors and other photovoltaic parameters in addition to the account of ways to solve these concerns. Photovoltaic community researchers need to develop cost effective methods for resolving the lower efficiencies and fill factors associated with use of CNTs and can further explore different novel materials to successfully modify CNTs for employment in PSCs.
¡Escribiré con tu sangre!Los recursos conminatorios del español de principios del siglo XVIII y su descripción en elDiccionario de autoridades
Authors: Ruhstaller Stefan
Published: March 2021

The first lexicographic work compiled by the Royal Spanish Academy, known asDiccionario de autoridades(1726–1739), includes a wide range of lexical resources used at the time to perform speech acts of threatening. In the dictionary’s microstructure these mostly phraseological items are characterized both semantically and pragmatically. The dictionary also offers relevant data and reflections on aspects such as the function and procedures of intensification, the role of the interlocutors in the speech act, the limitation of some expressions to certain social groups, or the factors that influence the success or failure of the perlocutive act. The analysis of the dictionary articles that contain relevant information in this regard reveals the extent to which the founders of the Academy anticipated a good number of ideas that would not be systematized until the emergence, centuries later, of modern Pragmatics.
TAHIL VE PSEUDO-TAHILLARIN ISLAK ÖĞÜTME TEKNOLOJİSİ
Authors: YALÇIN Erkan , ARSLAN Ayşenur
Published: March 2021

Öğütmenin amacı; tohumu meydana getiren başlıca kısımları, öğütme yöntemine göre ayırarak, gıda endüstrisi veya diğer endüstrilerde kullanmaktır. Öğütme, genel olarak kuru ve ıslak öğütme olarak sınıflandırılabilir. Islak öğütmede amaç; nişasta, protein, besinsel lif ve ham yağ gibi tohumun başlıca kimyasal bileşenlerini ayırmak iken; kuru öğütmede amaç tanenin anatomik kısımları olan endosperm, ruşeym ve kepeği ayırmaktır. Islak öğütmede her bileşen mümkün olan en saf haliyle ayrılırken; kuru öğütmede, yüksek kalitede rafine veya tam tane unu elde edilir. Islak öğütme, tahıl veya pseudo-tahılların temel bileşenlerini fiziksel, kimyasal, biyokimyasal ve mekanik işlemler ile ayıran endüstriyel bir işlemdir. Islak öğütme, ıslatma işlemi ile başlar, ardından mekanik ayırma işlemi gelir. Islak öğütme işlemi sanayide, çoğunlukla buğday ve mısıra uygulanırken, sorgum, arpa, yulaf ve pirinç gibi tahıllara da uygulanmaktadır. Karabuğday, kinoa ve amarant pseudo-tahıllarının ıslak öğütmesi ile ilgili çalışmalar henüz laboratuvar ölçeğindedir. Tahıl veya pseudo-tahılların ıslak öğütme koşulları tamamen nişasta verimini ve fizikokimyasal özelliklerini etkilemektedir.
The Magnetorheological Fluid: Testing on Automotive Braking System
Authors: Zainordin A.Z. , Mohamed Z. , Ahmad F.
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the testing of a Magnetorheological brake (MRB) in the braking system of a vehicle. Two techniques are used to determine the capability of the brake system which are the simulation via Matlab Simulink Software and experimental study by using a quarter vehicle test rig. A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) is employed as a wheel speed control as well as to enforce the MRB to produce the required braking torque need by a vehicle. A dynamic test, namely sudden braking test is performed in three rotational speed conditions which are from 127.5 rad/s (1200 rpm) to 31.42 rad/s (300 rpm), 52.37 Rad/s (500 rpm) and 73.31 rad/s (700 rpm) in two different wheel load which are 10 kg and 15 kg, respectively. The behaviours to be assessed are wheel speed response and brake torque produced by the MRB. From the observation, it is concluded that the capability of the MRB in providing the required brake torque is promising and harmony between simulation and experimental response.
ENERXÍA EÓLICA E DESENVOLVEMENTO LOCAL EN GALICIA: OS PARQUES EÓLICOS SINGULARES MUNICIPAIS
Authors: COPENA RODRÍGUEZ Damián , SIMÓN FERNÁNDEZ Xavier
Published: March 2021

A enerxía eólica aparece sinalada na literatura como unha oportunidade para odesenvolvemento local. Nese senso, a propiedade local dos parques eólicos amósase comoun dos impactos económicos máis destacados. No caso galego a normativa deseñadalimitou a propiedade local das centrais eólicas aos municipios e a instalacións de pequenapotencia desenvolvidas a partir de unha figura específica da normativa eólica autonómica:os parques eólicos singulares. Neste contexto, este artigo analiza para o caso galego,territorio onde a enerxía eólica ten alcanzado unha grande expansión nas últimas décadas,a propiedade local dos parques eólicos. Para poder realizar esta análise emprégase ainformación contida na Base de Información Socioeconómica da Enerxía Eólica en Galiciacon dous obxectivos: estudar a normativa e o proceso de desenvolvemento dos parqueseólicos de propiedade municipal e analizar os impactos económicos locais que se estánderivando a partir desta figura eólica específica e o seu posible impacto nodesenvolvemento local.
As características da organización do traballo no sector de software e servizos informáticos. Reflexións a partir do caso arxentino
Authors: ROITTER Sonia , ERBES Analía , RODRÍGUEZ MIGLIO Martín
Published: March 2021

Este traballo procura identificar e analizar as formas de organización do traballo quecaracterizan ás empresas de Software e Servizos Informáticos (SSI), tanto dende unhaperspectiva teórico-metodolóxica como aplicada ao caso arxentino. Para iso, desenvolveun marco analítico que considera seis factores constitutivos da organización do traballo(autonomía, participación, equipo de traballo, control, flexibilidade e adquisición decompetencias), as relacións entre os mesmos e as súas particularidades no sector de SSI.
Legal Regulation of Public Governance in Finland – an Illusion of Predictable Public Administration?
Authors: Mäntylä Niina , Perttola Laura , Siikavirta Kristian
Published: March 2021

Legal coherence and predictable decision-making are the cornerstones of Finnish administrative law. The aim of this research is to analyze the factors that make administrative decisions unpredictable in Finland today. Why is the challenge so significant for the authorities?

The factor analysis revealed six main features affecting predictability in the legal regulation of Finnish public governance: the increasing use of soft law, the devolution of government, deregulation, the changing role of the individual, the blurring of the division between the public and the private sector and the influence of international and EU-law.
Risks While Deinstitutionalizing Long-Term Elderly Care: The Case of Latvia
Authors: Rezgale-Straidoma Endija , Rasnača Līga
Published: March 2021

The study deals with the deinstitutionalization of long-term care for elderly people in Latvia. The aim of this study is to identify the risks that elderly people, discharged from long-term care institutions, are likely to face. The research method of this case study is document analysis and a semi-structured interview. The research shows that some mismatch between the declared political aims and the current situation which was clarified through interviews exists. The identified risks have been grouped, analysed, conclusions drawn are provided in the paper.
Legislation on Food Waste Prevention: Overview of Practices in Industrialized Countries
Authors: Tokareva Tatjana , Eglīte Aija
Published: March 2021

The world is producing enough food to feed the world’s entire population. Yet almost one billion people go hungry. Another billion are malnourished, lacking the essential micronutrients they need to lead healthy lives. One billion adults are overweight of which almost half a billion are obese, and can easily waste the food they have. But even if the amounts of wasted food are significant, most industrialized countries are only at the beginning on the road to food waste reduction. Since in some countries, glass, paper or cardboard recycling is not well established, it is another level of confusion how to get people think about waste sorting or organic waste. This paper aims at identifying how differently industrialized countries deal with food waste and analyze which method is more successful when it comes to food waste reduction.
Surveying the relation between the means of infant feeding and motor development in Hungary
Authors: Kádár M. , Szőllősi G.J. , Molnár Sz. , Kardos L. , Szabó L.
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Understanding the role of nutrition in the development of children’s physical, mental, and motor abilities.

Materials/methods

Examination of visiting nurse reports on feeding habits and perceived developmental delays in infants at 1 year of age between 2010 and 2015.

Results

Between 0 and 6 months of age the lowest number of new cases (4.4/100,000) identified by health screenings can be anticipated among the infants feeding exclusively with breastmilk. We find a similarly low number of identifiable new cases among infants nourished with breastmilk where it is mixed with other nutrients (4.7 new cases) while the most cases of delayed motor development can be anticipated among infants nourished with infant formulae (48.4 new cases).

Conclusions

The role of nutrition in infants’ motor development is vital, especially breastfeeding. Regular health status checks of infants are inevitably required for the adoption of higher-level health-policy decisions which may induce projects, programmes, and strategies aimed at the improvement of health. Thorough documentation and continuous collection of the pertinent data is likewise requisite.
Specifities of delivery methods of pregnant with oligohydramnios
Authors:   Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Aliyeva L.I. , Aliyeva E.M. ,   Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Ismaylova A.D. ,   Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Akhmedova T.N. ,   Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku
Published: March 2021

The objective: to study the rate of different obstetric pathologies followed by oligohydramnios, and to determinate the specifities of delivery methods in pregnant with oligohydramnios. Materials and methods. There was done the retrospective analysis of 100 birth histories of pregnant with oligohydramnios. Эt was confirmed, that the cause for oligohydramnios in 54% of cases was premature rupture of membranes (PROM), in 10% of cases intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), dead fetus – in 19%, congenital abnormalities of the fetus in 8% and moderate and severe preeclampsia in 9% cases. The rate of the spontaneous labor was 57%; 12% of labors was induced and 37% ended by cesarean section. Results. The study showed that spontaneous labor (n=51) resulted in 47% of cases with very early labor, 41.1% of cases with early premature labor, and 11.8% with premature labor. In case of induced labor (n=12), the main indication for labor induction were dead fetus (n=9), and congenital abnormalities of the fetus (n=3). In 83.3% of cases induction of the labor was perfomed in 22-28, in 16% of cases in 29-31 weeks of gestation. Conclusion. The rate of cesarean delivery in pregnant with oligohydramnios was 37%. The main indications for cesarean birth were: dead fetus, uterine car – 100%, severe preeclampsia – 18.2%, PROM – 13.2%, and breach presentation and acute hypoxia in 12.1% of cases. So, pregnant with oligohydramnios are in risk group for premature birth. Key words: oligohydramnios, dead fetus, premature rupture of membranes, congenital abnormalities of the fetus, premature birth.
Premenstrual syndrome: rational approaches to non-hormonal therapy
Authors:   Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Kravchenko O.V.
Published: March 2021

The objective: is the development of rational effective methods of non-hormonal therapy of premenstrual syndrome. Materials and methods. Under observation, there were 35 women 23-38 years aged. The diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome was established on the basis of general clinical, laboratory, instrumental research methods and consultancy by psychologist and psychiatrist. Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment was carried out according to PMS-diaries by comparing the intensity of 18 symptoms expressed in points in the dynamics of treatment. For the purpose of correcting the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, drug therapy was proposed, which in addition to antiprostaglandins according to the traditional scheme included venentonic Normoven, magnesium preparations (Magnikum), herbal teas. Treatment was carried out during II phase in the course of 3 menstrual cycles. Results. It was found that the average total index of PMS-diaries before the start of treatment was 23.4±6.7 points, after treatment – 10.1±7.2 points. A positive effect of treatment after 1 month was recorded by 28.6% of respondents, after the ending of treatment the share of respondents was 68.6%, the average total PMS-diary index decreased by 40% or more in comparing with the initial data. According to CINM-questionnaires: after 3 months of treatment 20 (57.1%) patients showed significant improvement, 15 (42.9%) women without significant changes.. Conclusion. Studies have shown that the treatment of premenstrual syndrome should be individualized. However, the use of such medications as magnesium lactate (Magnikum), Normoven venotonics allows to increase the effectiveness of the therapy of premenstrual syndrome in 68.8% of patients. Key words: premenstrual syndrome, non-hormonal therapy.
Constructing the Image of Russia Through Metaphorical Framing
Authors: Skrynnikova Inna
Published: March 2021

The paper reveals the key role of metaphor as a discursive pragmatic mechanism for promoting a positive image of Russia and substantiates the effectiveness of metaphorical framing as a method of constructing the country's image, which is still controversial. The author has demonstrated the explanatory and manipulative effect of metaphorical framing in political and mass media communication. The study postulates that in framing of political events, the figurative language has both linguistic and conceptual content, and the metaphorical frame is a powerful tool for the formation of beliefs and ideologies. The author points out to the need to expand the metaphorical repertoire applied to construct the image of Russia, and possible ways to activate alternative interpretations of current socio-political events. Possible directions of metaphorical reframing of the country's image are outlined by fixing complex figurative frames in the minds of target audience and their impact on it. These may consist in rejecting the excessively militarized discourse around the country and focusing on its cultural heritage, academic achievements, willingness of and openness to enhanced international interaction. The paper concludes that the discursive construction of the affirmative Russian image within and outside the country can be achieved through employing a positively charged metaphorical national narrative, reframed to draw particular attention to the merits and gains of Russia.
Influence of preparation methods on the performance of cold-mixed epoxy bitumen
Authors: Liu Quan , Wang Chonghui , Zhang Zeyu , Du Cong , Liu Pengfei , Oeser Markus
Published: March 2021

Cold-mixed epoxy bitumen (CEB) has been presented as an eco-friendly paving material used for steel bridge deck pavements. This study performed an investigation on three preparation methods of CEBs, which includes one kind of three-component and two kinds of two-component methods. The curing process was characterized through the viscosity measurement. Meanwhile, the microstructure of CEBs was observed using fluorescence microscopy. Mechanical properties of CEBs prepared with different methods were characterized by employing direct tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Finally, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG) was conducted to feature the thermal stability of CEBs. The results indicated that the preparation methods significantly affected the performance of cured CEBs, although the same mix design was adopted. The curing temperature determined the curing rate of CEBs, while the preparation methods dominated the morphological characteristic of cured CEBs. The three-component preparation method can achieve acceptable mechanical performance for engineering requirements. As for two-component methods, the curing agent is supposed to be mixed with bitumen to obtain satisfying microstructures of CEBs.
Phytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles and silver ions toward common wheat
Authors: Gorczyca Anna , Pociecha Ewa , Maciejewska-Prończuk Julia , Kula-Maximenko Monika , Oćwieja Magdalena
Published: March 2021

Given the deficit of works describing the impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the growth of crop plants, these studies were devoted to the determination of the influence of the surface properties of charge-stabilized AgNPs on induced phytotoxic effects. Three types of AgNPs of similar size distribution, but of diverse surface properties, were synthesized using trisodium citrate, sodium hexametaphosphate and tannic acid. The suspensions and solution of silver nitrate were applied in a hydroponic culture in order to assess their influence on the germination of Triticum aestivum seeds. Studies of the damage of the cell membrane and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were carried out on the shoots and roots of the seedlings. The differences in the plant condition were assessed while analyzing photosystem II. The results showed that the AgNPs stabilized with sodium hexametaphosphate exhibited a higher toxicity toward the tested plants than silver ions with the same concentration. It was found that the AgNPs obtained using tannic acid exerted an adverse effect on the crop plants. The citrate-stabilized AgNPs were the least toxic to the seedlings. The obtained results demonstrated that the surface properties of AgNPs strongly influence the phytotoxicity toward T. aestivum seedlings.
Teoría heterogénea del concepto de persona en derecho
Authors: Ceballos Rosero Franco Alirio
Published: March 2021

Persona es un concepto central del Derecho, pues es a la vez su eje al girar sobre este el constructo jurídico como sujeto de derechos. Persona es un concepto antropocéntrico equivalente a ser humano, sea en su ser biológico, o bajo la figura de las personas jurídicas, que son de su creación. Sin embargo, ante la crisis ecológica, social y humana que atravesamos, se han abierto paso sujetos de derechos no humanos tales como los ecosistemas o algunos seres sintientes, desantropologizando el Derecho: ¿Personas no humanas? Ante la transformación que atraviesa el Derecho con la irrupción de los sujetos de derecho no humanos, se hace urgente delinear una teoría alternativa para el concepto de persona, en un espectro de derechos más amplio, incluyente y heterogéneo. El siguiente texto, desde una metodología dogmática, presenta el punto de partida para la construcción de una Teoría Heterogénea del concepto de Persona en Derecho.
De la cárcel al barrio. Caracterización cualitativa de la reincidencia criminal en Colombia
Authors: Ariza Libardo José , Iturralde Manuel , Tamayo Arboleda Fernando Leon
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo analiza los factores que inciden en la reincidencia criminal a partir de un estudio de caso conducido en la cárcel “Modelo” de Bogotá. El artículo describe y sistematiza la experiencia de los reincidentes desde su propia percepción y los factores que ellos mismos consideran relevantes en su decisión de delinquir nuevamente. El artículo sostiene que la interacción entre el conocimiento cualitativo y cuantitativo es clave para el diseño adecuado de la política criminal dirigida al gobierno de la reincidencia criminal. El texto subraya la importancia de consolidar estudios cualitativos en materia de reincidencia en Colombia y Latinoamérica, como mecanismo para conocer adecuadamente el fenómeno y para, a su vez, cuestionar y alimentar las pesquisas cuantitativas realizadas en la región.
El estado patológico del sistema de salud penitenciario en Chile
Authors: Stippel Jörg , Vergara Luis , Medina Paula
Published: March 2021

El artículo analiza el tema de la salud penitenciaria desde una perspectiva del “rule of law”. Indaga si la realidad del sistema de salud penitenciario permite afirmar que las normas no son relevantes para la atención que el Estado brinda a las personas privadas de libertad y si ha surgido un sistema de salud penitenciario caracterizado por una distribución de cargas y beneficios al margen del sistema formalmente válido. El estudio es relevante en cuanto muestra cómo el Ministerio de Salud ha dejado de cumplir con su función de diseñar una política pública en materia penitenciaria. A su vez, revela la falta de una fiscalización real de la salud penitenciaria. La investigación realizada es de tipo mixto, jurídica normativa y empírica, cuantitativa y cualitativa, llevada a cabo a partir de fuentes primarias y secundarias. Los resultados indican que el Estado, amparado en la ideología de la subsidiariedad, es indiferente ante los estándares normativos internacionales que regulan el derecho a la salud de las personas privadas de libertad y permite que exista un sistema alterno, diferente al que acceden los ciudadanos en general, carente de orientaciones legales, y que resulta insuficiente para garantizar el derecho a la salud.
Proyecto a/r/tográfico para desarrollar investigación y práctica artísticas partiendo del texto-imagen
Authors: Domínguez Muñino Javier
Published: March 2021

Desarrollamos concretamente los marcos, teórico y metodológico, que sustentan la práctica educativa en Artes Visuales mediante Proyectos integrales que emplean imagen, texto y toda aquella documentación que despierte interés más allá de una obra gráfica. De este modo, el método de los cruzamientos amplía (no instruye) el horizonte que cada artista o investigador ponga a su trabajo. Tanto en los modelos transestético como holístico, reconocemos una línea joven de investigación que, nacida en Vancouver, va creando escuela conforme progresan sus prácticas experienciales. Aquí centramos la propuesta en los metalenguajes, que reaccionan críticos al logocentrismo tradicional, y permiten construir ideas propias partiendo de producciones también ajenas en lo que ya se ha descrito como `indagación vital´.
MEMORIAL SIGNS TO VICTIMS OF 1932-1933 FAMINE IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION: REGIONAL, CHRONOLOGICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL LEVELS OF THE POLITICS OF MEMORY
Authors: Boriak T.
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes official politics of memory of the Russian Federation regarding commemoration of famine victims from the beginning of 1930s. The research allows to get data of the Russian case that later can be compared with the data of the Ukrainian case. Analysis of politics of memory of the Russian state toward victims of the artificial famine has proven that Kuban’ is an unconditional leader among the Russian regions where memory about those events is still alive: about 20 of monuments have been revealed. To the contrary, only one village outside Kuban’ (i.e. other grain-producing regions of the Russian soviet republic) has one monument and one cross on a local cemetery. Such amount of memorial sites devoted to the victims of 1932-1933 famine contradicts thesis of the Russian historian V. Kondrashyn. He states that every Russian village still keeps memory about the given above famine. Therefore, the author tried to figure out what official politics of memory is behind creation of memorial space devoted to famine victims. Official politics of memory of the Russian state has put narrative on “the Great Victory” in the WWII in the foundation of contemporary state- and nation-building. The research has proven that this politics of memory influences articulation and reflections by the historians of 1930s events directly. On the other hand, narrative found in the informational space of the RF, indicates inability to break off with the soviet concept on history. This concept obviously has left no space for artificial famine organized by the top authorities. Finally, the research has proven that the researchers of local Kuban’ history realize marginal status in the RF of both famine victims commemoration and historical studies on the topic, as well as marginal and poor presence of the famine of 1932-1933 in collective memory of Russians. Still, despite this being the case, Russian historians reproach their Ukrainian colleagues for politicization of the topic and an attempt to commemorate their “dead” out of victims of the “common tragedy” of both “brotherhood” nations.
SCOPE OF PROMOTING INNOVATIONS IN RURAL ENTREPRENEURS AND ARTISANS IN WEST GODAVARI DISTRICT,ANDHRA PRADESH
Authors: Dr.K. Ganga Raju Dr.K. Narendra Kumar,
Published: March 2021

Rural Entrepreneurship development set as A challenge in this scenario of globalization. 68.84 % of people live in rural areas of India, according to the 2011 Census. People in rural areas are suffering from unemployment and inadequate infrastructure facilities that can be addressed through rural entrepreneurs' growth. "Rural entrepreneurship can be defined as village-level entrepreneurship such as farming, business and acts as a powerful economic development factor." But these rural entrepreneurs are suffering from a number of problems, such as fear of risk, lack of capital, illiteracy and urban entrepreneurial rivalry. By providing job opportunities to citizens in cities, rural entrepreneurs raise the quality of life and buying power of people. In the sense of rural growth in India, this paper is an effort to explain the problems and challenges of rural entrepreneurship, artisans  and potential suggestions to address the problems.
Локальная идентичность: механизмы конвертации в конструктивные социально-политические практики молодежи
Authors: Самаркина Ирина , Башмаков Игорь
Published: March 2021

В статье представлены результаты исследования локальной идентичности городской молодежи и механизмов ее конвертации в общественно-политические практики (на материалах Краснодарского края). Поиск триггеров и моделей, актуализирующих локальную идентичность молодежи, а также механизмов конвертации этой идентичности в конструктивные практики молодежи составляет основную содержательную задачу исследования. Посредством теоретического анализа сформулирована концептуальная модель городской идентичности молодежи как части субъективного пространства политики и инварианта локальной идентичности. Она включает (а) молодежь в качестве субъекта-носителя идентичности, а также (б) содержательную составляющую (феномен локальной идентичности), (в) параметры объекта идентификации (города как значимого места – на данном жизненном этапе личности), (г) практики социальной активности, в которых реализуется локальная идентичность, (д) систему факторов, влияющих на процесс актуализации, формирования и динамики локальной идентичности, (е) механизмы конвертации локальной идентичности в общественные практики. На основе проведенного эмпирического исследования выявлено место локальной идентичности в системе социальных и территориальных идентичностей городской молодежи; показана зависимость размера города и когорты молодежи с локальной идентичностью; описано семантическое пространство города и особенности его конфигурации в разных возрастных когортах молодежи; выявлены прямая и обратная модели конвертации смыслов локальной идентичности в социально-политические практики молодежи и показан их диалектический характер; определены и описаны три триггерные зоны конвертации локальной идентичности в социально-политические практики городской молодежи, обладающие различными ресурсами актуализации локальной идентичности (зона прямой конвертации, зона потенциальной конвертации локальной идентичности в конструктивные практики и зона потенциальной конвертации локальной идентичности в деструктивные практики); выявлены и описаны административно-управленческий, политический, публичный и сетевой механизмы конвертации локальной идентичности в конструктивные социально-политические практики молодежи.
Россия и мир в зеркале французских исследований: наблюдения за наблюдателями
Authors: Обичкина Евгения
Published: March 2021

Внешнеполитическая активность России направлена на упрочение позиций страны в новой мировой иерархии, однако на Западе ее политика расценивается как вызов и угроза евро-атлантической безопасности. Расхождение цели и результата ставит вопрос о критериях привлекательности государства в современном европейском контексте. В статье рассматривается оценка положения России в мире в особом ракурсе – глазами европейских наблюдателей. Поводом к ней послужило издание коллективной монографии “Россия в мире” под руководством одного из ведущих французских специалистов по российской политике Анн де Танги (La Russie dans le monde. Sous la dir. de A. de Tinguy. Paris: CNRS Editions, 2019), что представляет уникальную возможность ретроспективного анализа, поскольку более десяти лет назад она издала книгу на ту же тему. В обоих случаях достаточно широкий круг авторов дает представление об оценочных критериях, которые определяют место России во внешнеполитической стратегии европейских государств. Российскому читателю представленные исследования интересны критическим взглядом их авторов, а также отражением идентичности европейского наблюдателя, исходящего из потребностей национальной внешней политики. В первые десятилетия становления нового российского государства отношение к нему зависело от степени готовности к интеграции в либеральный мир под эгидой Запада, но на рубеже2000-х и 2010-х годов европейцы осознали, что его превращение в самостоятельный центр силы сопровождалось отказом от конвергенции на основе западной модели. Это снова – большой Другой, оппонент универсальной либеральной парадигмы развития, которая оспаривается не только извне, но и изнутри. Таким образом, “русский вопрос” вторгается во внутриполитическую сферу в решающие моменты, подобные президентским выборам в США и во Франции. Выигрывает ли от этого Россия? Анализ европейского взгляда на российскую политику проясняет причины устойчивого расхождения между Москвой и Европой.