bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boronophenylalanine‐Containing Polydopamine Nanoparticles for Enhanced Combined Boron Neutron Capture Therapy and Photothermal Therapy for Melanoma Treatment
Authors: Dai Liqun , Wang Tao , Zhou Siming , Pan Lili , Lu Yi , Yang Tingyu , Wang Wentao , Qian Zhiyong
Published: April 2024

Melanoma, the most aggressive skin cancer type, is challenging to treat due to its high metastatic potential and low response to conventional therapies. Innovative approaches, including combination therapies, are crucial for enhancing treatment efficacy while minimizing side effects. It is developed boronophenylalanine‐containing polydopaine (B‐PDA) nanoparticles by encapsulating boronophenylalanine in polydopamine through nitrogen‐boronate coordination, targeting both boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). With stability and biocompatibility under physiological conditions, these nanoparticles utilize the phenylalanine residues in BPA to target the overexpressed neutral amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) in melanoma cells, resulting in enhanced cell‐specific targeting. B‐PDA nanoparticles demonstrated significant photothermal effects under external stimulation, inducing localized heating and triggering heterogeneous tumor cell death, thereby enhancing sensitivity to BNCT. Combining BNCT and PTT, the B‐PDA nanoparticles offer a promising strategy for melanoma treatment.
A Macrophage Membrane‐Functionalized, Reactive Oxygen Species‐Activatable Nanoprodrug to Alleviate Inflammation and Improve the Lipid Metabolism for Atherosclerosis Management
Authors: Qu Kai , Zhong Yuan , Zhu Li , Mou Nianlian , Cao Yu , Liu Jie , Wu Shuai , Yan Meng , Yan Fei , Li Jiawei , Zhang Cheng , Wu Guicheng , Zhang Kun , Qin Xian , Wu Wei
Published: April 2024

Atherosclerosis (AS) management typically relies on therapeutic drug interventions, but these strategies typically have drawbacks, including poor site specificity, high systemic intake, and undesired side effects. The field of cell membrane camouflaged biomimetic nanomedicine offers the potential to address these challenges thanks to its ability to mimic the natural properties of cell membranes that enable enhanced biocompatibility, prolonged blood circulation, targeted drug delivery, and evasion of immune recognition, ultimately leading to improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced side effects. In this study, a novel biomimetic approach is developed to construct the M1 macrophage membrane‐coated nanoprodrug (MM@CD‐PBA‐RVT) for AS management. The advanced MM@CD‐PBA‐RVT nanotherapeutics are proved to be effective in inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis and facilitating the cargo delivery to the activated endothelial cells of AS lesion both in vitro and in vivo. Over the 30‐day period of nanotherapy, MM@CD‐PBA‐RVT is capable of significantly inhibiting the progression of AS, while also maintaining a favorable safety profile. In conclusion, the biomimetic MM@CD‐PBA‐RVT shows promise as feasible drug delivery systems for safe and effective anti‐AS applications.
Ribogreen Fluorescent Assay Kinetics to Measure Ribonucleic Acid Loading into Lipid Nanoparticle Carriers
Authors: Bizmark Navid , Nayagam Satya , Kim Bumjun , Amelemah David F. , Zhang Dawei , Datta Sujit S. , Priestley Rodney D. , Colace Tom , Wang Jane , Prud'homme Robert K.
Published: April 2024

New generations of vaccines have been developed by encapsulating messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in lipid nanoparticle (LNP) carriers. In addition to the physicochemical properties of LNPs, the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of mRNA in LNPs is a key factor to screen vaccine assembly assays. Fluorescent dyes with amplified signals upon binding with mRNA are at the core of developing assays to quantify EE. However, disregarding the temporal effects during the assay impacts the accuracy of the assay. Here, the kinetics of temporal decay in fluorescence intensity of dye‐RNA complex—in Ribogreen assay—are reported and shown how this dynamic process can be impeded in the presence of a nonionic surfactant. Further, the impact of this dynamic process on the calculated EE is studied. The corrections needed to accurately assay dynamic mRNA loading processes are presented.
A Multiple Circularly Polarized Luminescence Regulation Platform Driven by Acid, Base, and Primary Amines
Authors: Li Jing , Yang Guojian , Shi Aiyan , Han Dongxue , Han Mingyang , Xiang Chaoyu , Zhang Ting , Wang Haoran
Published: April 2024

Functional materials that exhibit circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have shown immense potential in applications such as 3D optical displays and advanced information encryption. However, facile and efficient regulation of the multiple emission properties in chiral systems has remained a challenge due to the scarcity of suitable materials and the complexity of the systems. Herein, a multiple CPL regulation platform is fabricated by the helical co‐assembly of an aldehyde‐functionalized fluorane dye (Rhodol‐CHO, 6′‐(diethylamino)‐3′‐hydroxy‐3‐oxo‐3H‐spiro[isobenzofuran‐1,9′‐xanthene]‐4′‐carbaldehyde) and chiral liquid crystals, which can efficiently combine multiple stimuli‐responsive characteristics and high optical activity. By introducing acid, base, and compounds containing primary amino (─NH2) groups, the CPL property of the system can be easily modified. The obtained CPL systems exhibit apparent asymmetry, with glum values reaching 0.54–0.75). Further, these CPL modules are successfully applied in multi‐mode information encryption, highlighting their practical utility. Therefore, this study presents a novel strategy for developing materials with diverse CPL behaviors based on a simple‐designed platform, advancing further applications of CPL materials.
Extracellular Vesicles in the Repair of Bone and Cartilage Injury: From Macro‐Delivery to Micro‐Modification
Authors: Xu Xiangyu , Li Jialu , Lu Yi , Shan Yibo , Shen Zhiming , Sun Fei , Zhu Jianwei , Chen Wenxuan , Shi Hongcan
Published: April 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are intermediaries in intercellular signal transmission and material exchange and have attracted significant attention from researchers in bone and cartilage repair. These nanoscale vesicles hold immense potential in facilitating bone and cartilage repair and regeneration by regulating the microenvironment at an injury site. However, their in vivo utilization is limited by their self‐clearance and random distribution. Therefore, various delivery platforms have been developed to improve EV targeting and retention rates in target organs while achieving a controlled release of EVs. Additionally, engineering modification of EVs has been proposed to effectively enhance EVs' intrinsic targeting and drug‐loading abilities and further improve their therapeutic effects on bone and cartilage injuries. This review aims to introduce the biogenesis of EVs and their regulatory mechanisms in the microenvironment of bone and cartilage injuries and comprehensively discuss the application of EV‐delivery platforms of different materials and various EV engineering modification methods in treating bone and cartilage injuries. The review's findings can help advance EV research and develop new strategies for improving the therapy of bone and cartilage injuries.
Enhancing Solar Forecasting Accuracy with Sequential Deep Artificial Neural Network and Hybrid Random Forest and Gradient Boosting Models across Varied Terrains
Authors: Hanif Muhammad Farhan , Siddique Muhammad Umar , Si Jicang , Naveed Muhammad Sabir , Liu Xiangtao , Mi Jianchun
Published: April 2024

Effective solar energy utilization demands improvements in forecasting due to the unpredictable nature of solar irradiance (SI). This study introduces and rigorously tests two innovative forecasting models across different locations: the Sequential Deep Artificial Neural Network (SDANN) and the Deep Hybrid Random Forest Gradient Boosting (RFGB). SDANN, leveraging deep learning, aims to identify complex patterns in weather data, while RFGB, combining Random Forest and Gradient Boosting, proves more effective by offering a superior balance of efficiency and accuracy. The research highlights the SDANN model's deep learning capabilities along with the RFGB model's unique blend and their comparative success over existing models such as eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBOOST), Categorical Boosting (CatBOOST), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and a K‐Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and XGBOOST hybrid. With the lowest Mean Squared Error (147.22), Mean Absolute Error (8.77), and a highR2value (0.80) in a studied region, RFGB stands out. Additionally, detailed ablation studies on meteorological feature impacts on model performance further enhance accuracy and adaptability. By integrating cutting‐edge AI in SI forecasting, this research not only advances the field but also sets the stage for future renewable energy strategies and global policy‐making.
Synergistic Drug‐Loaded Shear‐Thinning Star Polymer Hydrogel Facilitates Gastrointestinal Lesion Resection and Promotes Wound Healing
Authors: Zhang Yue , Miao Dongtian , Su Mingli , Tang Yinxiang , Zhou Minghong , Yu Yang , Guo Xuefeng , Wu Dingcai
Published: April 2024

Easy injection, long‐lasting barrier, and drug loading are the critical properties of submucosal injection materials for endoscopic surgery. However, conventional injectable polymers face challenges in simultaneously attaining these properties due to the inherent conflict between injectability and in situ stability. Here, a multi‐arm star polymer hydrogel (denoted as βCP hydrogel) with long‐lasting submucosal barrier (exceeding 120 min), rapid hemostasis, and sustained antibacterial properties is successfully developed by grafting poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PEGMA) side‐chains from β‐CD via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). During the onset of shearing, βCP hydrogel experiences the unwinding of polymer side‐chains between neighboring star polymers, which facilitates the process of endoscopic injectability. After submucosal injection, βCP hydrogel undergoes the winding of polymer side‐chains, thereby establishing a long‐lasting barrier cushion. Meanwhile, owing to its distinctive structures with a hydrophobic inner cavity and an outer layer of hydrophilic polymer side‐chains, βCP hydrogel enables simultaneous loading and on‐demand release of diverse categories of drugs. This unique performance can adapt to the diverse demands during different stages of wound healing in a porcine endoscopic surgery model. These results indicate an appealing prospect for new application of star polymers as a good submucosal injection material in endoscopic treatments.
Patterning Techniques Based on Metallized Electrospun Nanofibers for Advanced Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Bian Yuhan , Shi Haozhou , Yuan Qunchen , Zhu Yuxuan , Lin Zhengzi , Zhuang Liujing , Han Xun , Wang Ping , Chen Mengxiao , Wang Xiandi
Published: April 2024

Stretchable electronics have experienced remarkable progress, especially in sensors and wireless communication systems, attributed to their ability to conformably contact with rough or uneven surfaces. However, the development of complex, multifunctional, and high‐precision stretchable electronics faces substantial challenges, including instability at rigid‐soft interfaces and incompatibility with traditional high‐precision patterning technologies. Metallized electrospun nanofibers emerge as a promising conductive filler, offering exceptional stretchability, electrical conductivity, transparency, and compatibility with existing patterning technologies. Here, this review focuses on the fundamental properties, preparation processes, patterning technologies, and application scenarios of conductive stretchable composites based on metallized nanofibers. Initially, it introduces the fabrication processes of metallized electrospun nanofibers and their advantages over alternative materials. It then highlights recent progress in patterning technologies, including collector collection, vapor deposition with masks, and lithography, emphasizing their role in enhancing precision and integration. Furthermore, the review shows the broad applicability and potential influence of metallized electrospun nanofibers in various fields through their use in sensors, wireless systems, semiconductor devices, and intelligent healthcare solutions. Ultimately, this review seeks to spark further innovation and address the prevailing challenges in stretchable electronics, paving the way for future breakthroughs in this dynamic field.
Inverse Design of Photonic Surfaces via High throughput Femtosecond Laser Processing and Tandem Neural Networks
Authors: Park Minok , Grbčić Luka , Motameni Parham , Song Spencer , Singh Alok , Malagrino Dante , Elzouka Mahmoud , Vahabi Puya H. , Todeschini Alberto , de Jong Wibe Albert , Prasher Ravi , Zorba Vassilia , Lubner Sean D.
Published: April 2024

This work demonstrates a method to design photonic surfaces by combining femtosecond laser processing with the inverse design capabilities of tandem neural networks that directly link laser fabrication parameters to their resulting textured substrate optical properties. High throughput fabrication and characterization platforms are developed that generate a dataset comprising 35280 unique microtextured surfaces on stainless steel with corresponding measured spectral emissivities. The trained model utilizes the nonlinear one‐to‐many mapping between spectral emissivity and laser parameters. Consequently, it generates predominantly novel designs, which reproduce the full range of spectral emissivities (average root‐mean‐squared‐error < 2.5%) using only a compact region of laser parameter space 25 times smaller than what is represented in the training data. Finally, the inverse design model is experimentally validated on a thermophotovoltaic emitter design application. By synergizing laser‐matter interactions with neural network capabilities, the approach offers insights into accelerating the discovery of photonic surfaces, advancing energy harvesting technologies.
Effects of micro‐algae dietary oil replacement on growth, omega − 3 deposition and gut microbiome composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Trevi Sergio , Uren Webster Tamsyn M. , Consuegra Sofia , Garcia de Leaniz Carlos
Published: April 2024

Microalgae offer a sustainable source of omega − 3 fatty acids that can replace fish oil in aquafeeds, but the nutritional benefits are not always clear, particularly when microalgae are used as complete oil replacements in starter feeds. We compared the survival, growth, omega − 3 deposition and composition of the gut microbiota of juvenile mixed‐sex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) that had been fed over a 3‐month period on six isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isocaloric aquafeeds that varied only on the contribution of fish oil, soya oil and microalgae (Schizochytrium) oil as lipid sources. Survival was not affected by diet, but fish fed a diet where the entire oil component (5%) was replaced by microalgae oil grew twice as fast as fish fed plant oil or a mixture of plant and fish oil. Dietary omega − 3 content was strongly correlated with omega − 3 deposition in the fish fillet. Complete replacement of fish oil by plant oil caused a significant decrease in the abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae and an increase in the abundance of Aeromonadaceae which is often associated with an inflammatory response in the fish gut. In contrast, when fish and soya oil in the reference diet were replaced by 100% microalgae oil, an increase in Mycobacteriaceae was observed. Our study indicates that Schizochytrium oil can be used to improve the growth of Nile tilapia and increase its omega − 3 content without any of the detrimental effects on the gut microbiome typically associated with some plant oil replacements.
Soil health cycle
Authors: Maharjan Bijesh , Das Saurav , Thapa Vesh R. , Sharma Acharya Bharat
Published: April 2024

Soil health is pivotal to agricultural sustainability. Promoting and sustaining soil health management is challenging since it involves many interdependent components and steps and is an iterative process. Herein, the soil health cycle (SHC) is proposed as a soil health management cycle encompassing human dimensions, management practices, and their effects on soil health indicators (SHIs), leading to subsequent impacts on soil functions. The SHC provides a structure for an iterative testing of changes to improve soil health. A systematic review of research publications was also conducted using the Web of Science database supplemented by Elicit AI and Scopus API searches to determine the status of research reports connecting SHIs to soil function outcomes, a critical component in the SHC. The review focused on publications from 2000 to 2022 and highlighted that most soil health studies separately report the potential roles of soil health practices such as cover cropping, no‐tillage or reduced tillage, crop rotation, and crop–livestock integration in improving SHIs or soil function outcomes such as productivity and sustainability. The confidence in the causality of improved SHIs due to practices can be increased by demonstrably linking them to soil function outcomes such as productivity, environmental quality, and profitability. Presenting such evidence might allow us to tease confounding factors apart and present and contextually recommend soil health practices. It will also affect the human dimension in the SHC through informed and beneficial policies and incentives.
Long‐term quality of life after open and laparoscopic total gastrectomy for stage I gastric cancer: A prospective multi‐institutional study (CCOG1504)
Authors: Tanaka Chie , Kanda Mitsuro , Misawa Kazunari , Mochizuki Yoshinari , Hattori Masashi , Sueoka Satoshi , Watanabe Takuya , Yamada Takanobu , Murotani Kenta , Kodera Yasuhiro
Published: April 2024

Background

Little information is available from prospective clinical trials on the influences of surgical approaches on postoperative quality of life (QOL). We aimed to prospectively compare chronological changes in postoperative body weight and QOL between laparoscopic and open total gastrectomy for stage I gastric cancer (GC).

Methods

We conducted a multi‐institutional prospective study (CCOG1504) of patients who undergo laparoscopic or open total gastrectomy. Body weight was measured at the baseline and at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd postoperative years (POY). QOL using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire‐C30 (EORTC QLQ‐C30) and the Post‐Gastrectomy Syndrome Assessment Scale‐37 (PGSAS‐37) questionnaires were measured at the baseline and at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 36th postoperative months (POM).

Results

We enrolled 84 patients from 15 institutions, and finally 43 patients for the laparoscopic group and 16 for the open group were eligible for data analysis. There were no significant differences in body weight change between the two groups. The role functioning score among the EORTC QLQ‐C30 tended to be higher (i.e., better QOL) in the laparoscopic group at POM 1 and 12 after surgery compared to the open group. The dissatisfaction at working score among the PGSAS‐37 at 1 month after surgery was lower (i.e. better QOL) in the laparoscopic group compared to the open group.

Conclusions

The results of CCOG1504 indicated that laparoscopic approach for total gastrectomy was associated with a more favorable dissatisfaction at working score (PGSAS‐37).
A “Transformers”‐like nanochain for precise navigation and efficient cancer treatment
Authors: Tian Sichao , Zeng Qian , Hu Zhanglu , Zhang Weidong , Ao Zhuo , Han Dong , Xu Qing‐Hua
Published: April 2024

Integrated multimodal imaging in theranostics nanomaterials offers extensive prospects for precise and noninvasive cancer treatment. Precisely controlling the structural evolution of plasmonic nanoparticles is crucial in the development of photothermal agents. However, previous successes have been limited to static assemblies and single‐component structures. Here, an activatable plasmonic theranostics system utilizing self‐assembled 1D silver‐coated gold nanochains (1D nanochains) is presented for precise tumor diagnosis and effective treatment. The absorbance of the adaptable core–shell chain structure can shift from visible to near‐infrared (NIR) regions due to the fusion between nearby Au@Ag nanoparticles induced by elevated H2O2 levels in the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in the creation of a novel 3D aggregates with strong NIR absorption. With a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 60.2% at 808 nm, nanochains utilizing the TME‐activated characteristics show remarkable qualities for photoacoustic imaging and significantly limit tumor growth in vivo. This study may pave the way for precise tumor diagnosis and treatment through customizable, optically tunable adaptive plasmonic nanostructures.
A Versatile Microfluidic Platform for Extravasation Studies Based on DNA Origami—Cell Interactions
Authors: García‐Chamé Miguel , Wadhwani Parvesh , Pfeifer Juliana , Schepers Ute , Niemeyer Christof M. , Domínguez Carmen M.
Published: April 2024

The adhesion of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to the endothelial lumen and their extravasation to surrounding tissues are crucial in the seeding of metastases and remain the most complex events of the metastatic cascade to study. Integrins expressed on CTCs are major regulators of the extravasation process. This knowledge is primarily derived from animal models and biomimetic systems based on artificial endothelial layers, but these methods have ethical or technical limitations. We present a versatile microfluidic device to study cancer cell extravasation that mimics the endothelial barrier by using a porous membrane functionalized with DNA origami nanostructures (DONs) that display nanoscale patterns of adhesion peptides to circulating cancer cells. The device simulates physiological flow conditions and allows direct visualization of cell transmigration through microchannel pores using 3D confocal imaging. Using this system, we studied integrin‐specific adhesion in the absence of other adhesive events. Specifically, we show that the transmigration ability of the metastatic cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐231 is influenced by the type, distance, and density of adhesion peptides present on the DONs. Furthermore, studies with mixed ligand systems indicate that integrins binding to RGD (arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid) and IDS (isoleucine‐aspartic acid‐serine) did not synergistically enhance the extravasation process of MDA‐MB‐231 cells.
Autophagy‐Inducing MoO3‐x Nanowires Boost Photothermal‐Triggered Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: He Lizhen , Chen Qi , Lu Qichen , Yang Meijin , Xie Bin , Chen Tianfeng , Wang Xun
Published: April 2024

Autophagy could play suppressing role in cancer therapy by facilitating release of tumor antigens from dying cells and inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). Therefore, discovery and rational design of more effective inducers of cytotoxic autophagy is expected to develop new strategies for finding innovative drugs for precise and successful cancer treatment. Herein, we develop MoO3‐x nanowires (MoO3‐x NWs) with high oxygen vacancy and strong photothermal responsivity to ablate tumors through hyperthermia, thus promote the induction of cytotoxic autophagy and severe ICD. As expected, the combination of MoO3‐x NWs and photothermal therapy (PTT) effectively induces autophagy to promote the release of tumor antigens from the ablated cells, and induces the maturation and antigen presentation of dendritic cells (DCs), subsequently activates cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)‐mediated adaptive immunity. Furthermore, the combination treatment of MoO3‐x NWs with immune checkpoint blockade of PD‐1 could promote the tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) polarization into tumor‐killing M1 macrophages, inhibit infiltration of Treg cells at tumor sites, and alleviate immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, finally intensify the anti‐tumor activity in vivo. This study provides a strategy and preliminary elucidation of the mechanism of using MoO3‐x nanowires with high oxygen vacancy to induce autophagy and thus enhance photothermal immunotherapy.
Ligand Meta‐Anchoring Strategy in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Remarkable Promotion of Quantum Yields
Authors: Yu Qicheng , Sung Herman H. Y. , Gao Feng , Williams Ian D. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Sun Jianwei , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: April 2024

Aggregation is a conventional method to enhance the quantum yields (QYs) of pure organic luminophores due to the restriction of intramolecular motions (RIM). However, how to realize RIM in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is still unclear and challenging. In this work, the ligand meta‐anchoring strategy is first proposed and proved to be an effective and systematic approach to restrict the intramolecular motions of MOFs for the QY improvement. By simply shifting the substituent position in the ligand from para to meta, the QY of the resulting MOF is significantly enhanced by eleven‐fold. The value is even higher than that of ligand aggregates, demonstrating the strong RIM effect of this ligand meta‐anchoring strategy. The introduction of co‐ligand induces the appearance of visible yellow room temperature phosphorescence with a lifetime of 222 ms due to the QY enhancement and the charge transfer between the donor and accepter units. The present work thus broadens the understanding of the RIM mechanism from a new perspective, develops a novel method to realize RIM and expands the applicable objects from pure organic materials to organic–inorganic hybrid materials.
Structural elucidation of ternary mixtures of L‐valine/glycyl‐L‐valine and water + 1‐decyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide: Apparent molar properties at infinite dilution and expansivities
Authors: Sharma Ravinder , Bahadur Indra , Katata‐Seru Lebogang , Mohammad Faruq , Singh Shailendra Kumar , Singh Prashant , Kumar Vibha
Published: April 2024

This work comprises ternary systems of water + SAIL,1‐decyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide, and (S)‐2‐Amino‐3‐methylbutanoic acid generally identified as L‐valine/ (S)‐2‐(2‐Aminoacetamido)‐3‐methylbutanoic acid usually described as glycyl‐L‐valine, densities, and sound speed data have been computed at four operating temperatures, i.e., 288.15 to 318.15 K. Calculated density data have utilized for calculation of various thermodynamic parameters like Vϕ (apparent molar volume),
(apparent molar volumes at infinite dilution), and calculated speed of sound statistics used to determine Kϕ,s (apparent molar isentropic compression), Ks (partial molar isentropic compression at infinite dilution). In our systems, the hydrophilic‐ionic interactions that are produced by co‐sphere overlap models are predominant. The Hepler's constant is used to analyze the solute's capacity to create or destroy solvent structures. The interaction parameter is computed using the McMillan‐Mayer theory. Understanding structure‐making, solvation characteristics, and numerous modifications in the ternary system of L‐valine/Glycyl‐L‐valine, water, and [C10MIm] [Br] is aided by a variety of thermodynamic factors.
Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on ZnCo2O4 Nanohexagons and Orange Peel Derived Activated Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Haripriya M , Manimekala T , Dharmalingam Gnanaprakash , Minakshi Manickam , Sivasubramanian R.
Published: April 2024

Herein, the performance of asymmetric supercapacitors (ASC) fabricated using ZnCo2O4 (ZCO) nano‐hexagons and orange peel‐derived activated carbon (OPAC) as electrodes was studied. ZCO was prepared by a double hydroxide method and OPAC was prepared from orange peel followed by KOH activation. For ZCO, the calcination temperature was determined using TGA analysis. The XRD showed the presence of a cubic spinel structure. The chemical structure was analyzed using XPS, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy respectively. For OPAC, the presence of an amorphous nature was inferred; FTIR and Raman studies indicate the presence of functional groups and defect structure in the material. The presence of ZCO nano‐hexagons was observed from SEM and TEM respectively. For OPAC, an interconnected pore structure was observed from the SEM image. The specific capacitance for ZCO and OPAC was found to be 194 F.g−1 and 159 F.g−1 at a current density of 0.25 A.g−1. Further, an ASC was fabricated using ZCO as a positive and OPAC as a negative electrode in 2M KOH‐soaked separator. A cell voltage of 1.2 V was achieved and the specific capacitance was calculated to be 64 F.g−1 at 0.25 A.g−1. Further, the cyclic stability and the changes at the electrode/electrolyte interface were studied.
Gold nanoshells with varying morphologies through templated surfactant‐assisted seed‐growth method
Authors: Lee Sunghee , Lee Soyun , Hwang Soojin , Park So‐Jung
Published: April 2024

Plasmonic nanoparticles exhibit dramatic changes in optical properties depending on their spatial organization. Therefore, the ability to precisely control their assembly structure is important for both fundamental understanding and practical applications. In this personal account, we describe a templated surfactant‐assisted seed‐growth method to synthesize core–shell‐type gold nanoparticle assemblies with controllable surface morphologies and optical properties. This approach provides a simple procedure for simultaneous growth and assembly of metal nanoparticles on polymer templates, producing well‐defined nanostructures such as spiky nanoshells and raspberry‐like metamolecules with useful and interesting optical properties, such as strong and uniform surface‐enhanced Raman scattering and metamaterial properties. We discuss the factors that control the morphology and collective properties, describe the design rules acquired from the system, and suggest future directions of this research area.
Enhancing engagement and learning in advanced biochemistry through the application of flow theory
Authors: Wu Jiafa , Wu Ying , Gu Shaobin
Published: April 2024

This study identified a lackluster classroom atmosphere in advanced biochemistry, characterized by low levels of active student participation in interactive communication and subpar quality of after‐class learning tasks. The issues stemmed not only from students' learning attitudes, such as insufficient attention to the curriculum, but also from the course's inherent lack of challenge. Employing flow theory, we optimized teaching content, enhanced course difficulty, reformed assessment methods, and incorporated information‐based teaching tools to redesign the instructional process. Through a questionnaire survey, students evaluated teaching effectiveness after implementation of the changes: a majority expressed satisfaction with the moderate difficulty of the course and enjoyment of the classroom instruction, and reported experiencing positive emotional flow. Peer experts commended the course, noting its lively atmosphere and the students' acquisition of both basic research methods and foundational knowledge. The findings will be used to continually enhance graduate students' innovation abilities and sense of achievement through ongoing reforms.
Assessment of prolonged proteasome inhibition through ixazomib‐based oral regimen on newly diagnosed and first‐relapsed multiple myeloma: A real‐world Chinese cohort study
Authors: Liu Aijun , Yu Hong , Hou Rui , Zhu Zunmin , Zhuang Jun‐ling , Bao Li , Li Zhenling , Liu Lihong , Hua Luoming , Ma Yanping , Gao Da , Jin Arong , Suo Xiaohui , Yang Wei , Bai Yuansong , Fu Rong , Zheng Deqiang , Chen Wenming
Published: April 2024

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and convenience of in‐class transition (iCT) from intravenous bortezomib‐based induction to ixazomib‐based oral regimens.

Methods

This retrospective real‐world study was conducted in 16 Chinese hospitals between October 2017 and April 2023 and analyzed newly diagnosed (NDMM) and first‐line relapsed multiple myeloma (FRMM) patients who attained at least a partial response from bortezomib‐based induction therapy, followed by an ixazomib‐based oral regimen for 2 year or until disease progression or intolerable toxicity.

Results

The study enrolled 199 patients, median age: 63 years old, male 55.4%, 53% as high risk (HR), and 47% as standard risk. Cytogenetic risk stratification by metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (M‐FISH), based on the Mayo Clinic risk stratification system. The median duration of total PI therapy was 11 months, with ixazomib‐based treatment spanning 6 months. At the 20‐month median follow‐up, 53% of patients remained on therapy. The 24‐month PFS rate was 84.3% from the initiation of bortezomib‐based induction and 83.4% from the start of ixazomib‐based treatment.

Overall response rate (ORR) was 100% post‐bortezomib induction and 90% following 6 cycles of the ixazomib‐based regimen. Based on the Sankey diagrams, 89.51% of patients maintained or improved their disease response after 2 cycles of iCT, 6 cycles (90.14%), and 12 cycles (80%). The HR level of Mayo was found to be a significant independent factor in a worse remission (hazard ratio (HR) 2.55; p = 0.033).

Ixazomib's safety profile aligned with previous clinical trial data, with 49% of patients experiencing at least one AE of any grade. The most common AEs included peripheral neuropathy, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, and granulocytopenia.

Conclusion

In the real‐world Chinese MM population, NDMM and FRMM patients responded favorably to PI‐based continuous therapy, demonstrating substantial response rates. The ixazomib‐based iCT allows for sustained PI‐based treatment, offering promising efficacy and tolerable AEs.
Enhanced CTLA‐4 blockade anti‐tumor immunity with APG‐157 combination in a murine head and neck cancer
Authors: Shin Daniel Sanghoon , Basak Saroj , Veena Mysore S. , Comin‐Anduix Begoña , Bhattacharya Arjun , Dong Tien S. , Ko Albert , Han Philip , Jacobs Jonathan , Moatamed Neda A. , Avila Luis , Pellegrini Matteo , Wang Marilene , Srivatsan Eri S.
Published: April 2024

Background

A phase I clinical study for patients with locally advanced H&N cancer with a new class of botanical drug APG‐157 provided hints of potential synergy with immunotherapy. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of APG‐157 and immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Methods

CCL23, UM‐SCC1 (human), and SCCVII (HPV−), MEER (HPV+) (murine) H&N cancer cell lines were utilized for in vitro and in vivo studies. We measured tumor growth by treating the mice with APG‐157, anti‐PD‐1, and anti‐CTLA‐4 antibody combinations (8 groups). The tumor microenvironments were assessed by multi‐color flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and RNA‐seq analysis. Fecal microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequence.

Results

Among the eight treatment groups, APG‐157 + anti‐CTLA‐4 demonstrated the best tumor growth suppression (p = 0.0065 compared to the control), followed by anti‐PD‐1 + anti‐CTLA‐4 treatment group (p = 0.48 compared to the control). Immunophenotype showed over 30% of CD8+ T cells in APG‐157 + anti‐CTLA‐4 group compared to 4%–5% of CD8+ T cells for the control group. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that APG‐157 + anti‐CTLA‐4 group showed an enriched set of genes for inflammatory response and apoptotic signaling pathways. The fecal microbiome analysis showed a substantial difference of lactobacillus genus among groups, highest for APG‐157 + anti‐CTLA‐4 treatment group. We were unable to perform correlative studies for MEER model as there was tumor growth suppression with all treatment conditions, except for the untreated control group.

Conclusions

The results indicate that APG‐157 and immune checkpoint inhibitor combination treatment could potentially lead to improved tumor control.
Prognostic value of preoperative combined neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte scores in patients with renal cell carcinoma undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy: A retrospective study
Authors: Ni Jinliang , Yao Xiaoxiang , Song Wei , Zhang Heng , Zhang Houliang , Wang Yidi , Zhang Yifan , Wang Guangchun , Wang Keyi , Mao Weipu , Peng Bo
Published: April 2024

Background

In a multi‐institutional clinical study, we assessed the prognostic significance of a novel indicator preoperative peripheral blood immune (PBIS) scores that combined ratios of preoperative lymphocyte, monocyte, and neutrophil of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy.

Methods

Between January 2014 and December 2019, 438 patients with RCC were retrospectively analyzed in three centers. We used X‐tile software to obtain the optimum cut‐off values for neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes to classify the patients. To assess the relationship between PBIS score and overall survival (OS), and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) in patients with RCC by Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox regression analyses. In addition, predictive OS and CSS nomograms were constructed. The discriminative ability of nomogram and predictive performance accuracy were verified with consistency index (C‐index), calibration curves, receiver operating curve (ROC) curves, decision curve analysis (DCA) curves, and time‐dependent ROC curves.

Results

The optimum cutoff values for monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were 0.46, 1.01, and 4.50, respectively. We divided patients into four subgroups according to PBIS scores, which were significantly associated with M‐stage (p = 0.008), T‐stage (p < 0.001), N‐stage (p = 0.006), and AJCC stage (p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that RCC patients with lower PBIS scores showed a worse postoperative prognosis and served as an independent predictor of OS (p = 0.002) and CSS (p < 0.001). Ultimately, the nomograms based on PBIS scores demonstrated excellent predictive performance for OS (C‐index: 0.770) and CSS (C‐index: 0.828) through the analysis of calibration curves, ROC curves, DCA curves, and time‐dependent ROC curves.

Conclusion

PBIS score served as novel and effective predictor to accurately predict OS and CSS in patients with RCC receiving laparoscopic nephrectomy.
Systematic Chemical Analysis of Crude Glycan Isolates from the Seven‐Herb Decoction Quanzhenyiqitang with Anti‐COPD Activity
Authors: Yu Xiaoxian , Dai Shiting , Dai Longchao , Ao Ran , Zhang Dapeng , Wang Lingchong
Published: April 2024

The classical Chinese Medicine prescription, Quanzhenyiqitang (QZYQT), containing seven tonic herbs (Shudi, Dangshen, Maidong, Baizhu, Niuxi, Fuzi, and Wuweizi) is clinically used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although there are studies on the pharmacological effects of QZYQT, little attention has been paid to its active carbohydrate ingredients. We performed a systematic chemical analysis of the crude glycan isolates from the seven‐herb decoction (GI‐QZYQT) after confirming its anti‐COPD activity. GI‐QZYQT could enhance lung function, reduce lung damage, and alleviate inflammatory response in mice with COPD. Moreover, two monosaccharides (fructose and glucose) and six oligosaccharides (sucrose, melibiose, 1‐kestose, raffinose, mannotriose, and stachyose), accounting for 40.23 % of GI‐QZYQT, were discovered using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–evaporative light‐scattering detection. Inulin‐type fructan with an average molecular weight of 2112 Da was identified using high‐performance gel‐permeation chromatography in combination with monosaccharide mapping analysis, accounting for 20.10 % of GI‐QZYQT in mass. The comparison study showed that the identified monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and the inulin‐type fructan of GI‐QZYQT were mainly derived from herbs of Shudi, Dangshen, Maidong, Baizhu, and Niuxi. These findings provide crucial information on the chemical composition of GI‐QZYQT, which is vital for the in‐depth understanding of its bioactivity, mechanism, and product development.
Double kiss mini‐crush technique to treat complex recurrent renal artery in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Drieghe Benny , Hendrickx Ief , De Buyzere Marc , De Backer Tine
Published: April 2024

The double‐kiss mini‐crush (DKMC) technique has been successfully deployed in the past for the treatment of complex coronary lesions even for left main lesions. Our case report consists of a proof‐of‐principle that the DKMC technique can be successfully translated as well to the field of complex renal artery lesions. Insightful thinking out‐of‐the “coronary” box in concert with skillful off‐label application of coronary stenting procedures may open the gate for unprecedented opportunities for the treatment of difficult‐to‐tackle in‐stent restenosis in the renal circulation.
Hemophilic pseudotumor of the knee joint: Emphasizing prevention and early diagnosis in a rare disease
Authors: Devkota Shritik , Adhikari Sugat , Lamichhane Samiksha , Adhikari Dipendra , Bika Bhola , Choudhary Shayeri Roy , Bhalla Tajinder
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Hemophilic pseudotumors are rare complications occurring in individuals with severe hemophilia, characterized by progressive cystic swellings in muscles and/or bones due to recurrent bleeding. Timely initiation of factor VIII replacement is crucial.

Hemophilic pseudotumors are rare complications occurring in individuals with severe hemophilia, characterized by progressive cystic swellings in muscles and/or bones due to recurrent bleeding. Although their incidence has decreased with the advent of factor VIII replacement therapy, they still create challenges, particularly in regions with limited access to medical care. Here, we present a case report of a hemophilic pseudotumor of the knee joint in a 15‐year‐old male with hemophilia A. The patient presented with severe left knee pain, swelling, and restricted range of motion, prompting further investigation. Imaging studies revealed lytic lesions, and MRI bone signal changes consistent with hemophilic pseudotumors. Prompt initiation of factor VIII replacement therapy and supportive management led to a significant improvement in symptoms and joint functionality. Follow‐up after 2 months showed that the swelling had significantly reduced in size, with marked improvement in the functionality of the knee joint. This case confirms what is already known in the hemophilia literature: how important it is to prevent, diagnose, and treat pseudotumors early in hemophilia. However, longer clinical and imaging follow‐up of this case is necessary to determine whether the complaints associated with pseudotumors resolve with hematologic treatment or will require surgical treatment.
A case report of Hyper‐IgD syndrome in a 5‐year‐old girl with recurrent fever, skin rash, and arthralgia; novel MVK mutation (C.298G>A)
Authors: Tabibi Pooneh , Shiari Reza , Ghotb Abadi Shabnam Hajiani
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case highlights the potential for later‐onset Hyper‐IgD syndrome (HIDS) even beyond infancy. Clinicians evaluating children with recurrent fever, skin rash, and arthralgia should consider HIDS in the differential diagnosis, regardless of age. Early suspicion and genetic testing can lead to a timely diagnosis and targeted therapy with Anakinra, significantly improving patient outcomes.

Hyper‐IgD syndrome (HIDS) is a rare autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and skin rash. In this case report, we present a 5‐year‐old girl from Tajikistan with a mutation in the mevalonate kinase (MVK) gene, which is consistent with a diagnosis of HIDS. The clinical symptoms of the patient are described, along with immunological, hematological, and biochemical findings collected from the evaluation in the rheumatology clinic. Additionally, whole‐exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous missense variation in exon 4 of the MVK gene. The diagnosis of HIDS in this case occurred at a later age than typically observed, emphasizing the importance of considering this condition even in older patients. This report highlights the broad clinical phenotype of MVK and the need for increased awareness among healthcare professionals regarding its clinical presentation and management.
Organic Acid‐Assisted Preparation of Hydroxyapatite‐Supported Ni Catalysts for Arene Hydrogenation
Authors: Duan Chengjie , Li Kun , Ye Wenbo , Mao Weitao , He Guangke , Liu Xiang
Published: April 2024

Developing non‐noble metal catalysts that can efficiently and selectively hydrogenate arenes remains a significant challenge. In this study, we developed efficient Ni catalysts for the arene hydrogenation based on an organic acid‐regulated impregnation strategy. These easily accessible Ni catalysts demonstrated exceptional efficiency, selectivity, reusability, and good substrate compatibility. The influence of carbon chain lengths and side‐chain hydroxyl or amino groups on dicarboxylic acids used in the catalyst preparation was comprehensively investigated. Characterizations and kinetic studies demonstrated the influence of organic acids on the size of Ni nanoparticles, the proportion of metallic nickel, and the strength of surface acidity. These factors influenced the activation of arene and hydrogen, thereby affecting the hydrogenative activity. Notably, hydroxyapatite‐supported Ni catalyst, assisted by tartaric acid (Ni‐TA/HAP) with an appropriate tartaric acid‐to‐nickel ratio, resulted in relatively smaller Ni nanoparticles, an increased proportion of Ni0, and more acidic sites, thereby exhibiting the best hydrogenation performance.
Catechol‐Formaldehyde Resin Coated CdS Core‐Shell Composite as Robust Photocatalyst for Long‐Term Sustainable Artificial Photosynthesis of H2O2
Authors: Xiang Yuexin , Xia Zhinan , Hu Wanchao , Tong Cuiyan , Xiao Yang , Lü Changli
Published: April 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Catechol‐formaldehyde resin (CFR) is very attractive for H2O2 production via the catalytic process. However, the H2O2 formation is accompanied by the oxidation of catechol groups to o‐benzoquinone groups on CFR, which will cause irreversible damage to CFR and greatly limit its long‐term stable catalytic activity. Herein, CdS/CFR composite photocatalyst with a core‐shell structure was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The photogenerated electrons of CdS are used as a powerful driving force for the reversible redox conversion between catechol groups and o‐benzoquinone groups on the CFR, which not only achieves the long‐term stability of CFR‐catalyzed production of H2O2, but also promotes the separation efficiency of photogenerated e– and h+ in CdS, greatly inhibiting their recombination, so as to maintain CdS stability. The H2O2 yield of CdS/CFR can accumulate to 1.65 mmol·L–1 under visible light for 6 h without sacrificial agent, which is about 3.1 and 2 times that of CdS and CFR, respectively, and CdS/CFR can persist for 10 cycles of photocatalysis (60 h). CdS/CFR also improves the yield of photocatalytic H2O2 by increasing the selectivity of H2O2 and inhibiting its decomposition. This work offers a novel tactic for expanding the application of CFR in photocatalytic generation of H2O2.
Copper/Photoredox‐Catalyzed Regioselective 1,4‐Addition to 1,3‐Enynes: A Convenient Access to Perfluoroalkylated Allenes
Authors: Chen Ya , Wanga Quanyuan , Penga Keyi , Chenga Lilei , Shea Ziyi , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: April 2024

Comprehensive Summary

A general and broadly applicable copper and photoredox dual‐catalyzed multicomponent 1,4‐perfluoroalkylcyanation of 1,3‐enynes has been developed. This protocol enjoys success with high regioselectivity, mild reaction conditions, and excellent functional‐group tolerance, allowing the facile synthesis of structurally diverse perfluoroalkylated allenes from readily available fluoroalkyl halides, 1,3‐enynes and TMSCN in a one‐pot manner. A reasonable mechanism has been proposed according to a series of control experiments.