bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Considerations Regarding the Influence of Layering Thickness on the Esthetics of a Metal Ceramic Restoration
Authors: Rîcă Radu , Rîcă Ana Maria , Manolea Horia Octavian , Opri Mirela , Dodocioiu Mihai
Published: May 2016

A fixed restoration has many important properties. Not only it has to resist in the harsh oral environment but it also has to resist bite forces and to remain intact for an extended period of time and porcelain has all these qualities and it also gives excellent esthetic results.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of each layer of porcelain fused to the metal coping on the final aspect of a metal ceramic restoration using the Ivoclar dSign system. Therefore we have chosen three methods to apply the porcelain by varying the thickness of the dentin and enamel layers fused on the metal substructure.
The layer thickness of the opaque porcelain, the body porcelain (dentin), and the incisal porcelain greatly influence the final aspect of the metal ceramic restoration and this variation must be taken into consideration in order for the dental technician to obtain the desired shade
Immediate Loading of Dental Implants - A Case Study
Authors: Ratiu Cristian , Cavalu Simona , Lazarescu Grigore , Porumb Anca
Published: May 2016

The ability to achieve predictable results in oral implantology depends on indepth knowledge of all factors affecting bone healing, as well as on implant characteristics and the mechanical forces involved in immediate loading. The success of the immediate loading protocol relies on three main factors: (1) primary stability, which limits micromotion of the implant, (2) secondary biologic stability, resulting in osteogenesis in the peri-implant area, and (3) the control of bone resorption caused by deleterious loading forces that lead to implant instability during healing. Activated platelets play a crucial role in peri-implant healing and the use of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) in association with immediate implant placement could be a viable therapeutic option for the reabilitation of postextraction sockets. In our case-study, the implants and the abutments were welded with a titanium bar in order to provide predictable fixation and immobility of implants in early stages of bone healing. The implants have been properly integrated at both the bone and gingiva levels allowing the patient to resume both esthetic and masticatory functions from the very day the implants are inserted.
The Assessment of Ceramic Dental Materials during the Treatment of Severe Adult Cleft Palate: A Case Study
Authors: Porumb Anca , Ratiu Cristian , Cavalu Simona , Muntean Alexandrina
Published: May 2016

The materials used in the treatment of an adult patient with severe cleft palate need to be choose very carefull, according with the biological aspects. First of all, is mandatory to choose a proper material for endodontic treatment and use a correct technique. Second, the cement used in order to fix a RPD (rapid palatinal disjunctor) has to be glass-ionomer cement, because the oral and nasal cavity are still communicating. On the other hand, the dental ceramic material used in the prosthetic treatment has to be a special one, pink-colored in those regions where cleavage is present. For this reason, the cases with cleavage need a complex treatment, usually during a few years and several steps. They need a good collaboration between doctors of different specialities: maxillo-facial surgery, orthodontics, prosthetics and plastic surgery. The aim of the present study is to underline the assessment of ceramic dental materials during the laborious treatment in the case of an adult with cleft palate, in order to obtain the best results.
Thin Degradable Coatings for Optimization of Osteointegration Associated with Simultaneous Infection Prophylaxis
Authors: Bernstein Anke , Suedkamp Norbert , Mayr Hermann Otto , Gadow Rainer , Arhire Irina , Killinger Andreas , Krieg Peter
Published: May 2016

The colonization of biomaterials with bacteria represents the main cause of implant-associated infections. Both an antibiotic prophylaxis and a faster osteointegration can be obtained by incorporation of bactericidal active metals in degradable CaP coatings. At present there is no reliable method on the basis of thermal spraying to get thin homogeneous layers containing silver, copper and bismuth in bacteriostatic / bactericidal concentrations. The aim of the study was the development and optimization of high-velocity suspension flame spraying (HVSFS) process for producing thin resorbable bioactive ceramics coatings on the basis of degradable calcium phosphates. In these layers the bacteriostatic / bactericidal effective metal copper should be integrated. Cells were grown on the materials for 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Live/dead assay was used to measure cell viability. The in vitro cytotoxicity was determined by the microculture tetrazolium (WST) assay. Cell morphology, cell attachment, and cell spreading were investigated using laser scanning microscopy and raster scanning electron microscopy. All substrates supported sufficient cellular growth for 21 days and showed no cytotoxicity. On each material an identical cell colonisation of well communicating, polygonal, vital cells was verified
Mechanical Behavior of PCL Nanofibers
Authors: Keler M. Kagan , Daglilar Sibel , Gunduz Oguzhan , Yuksek Metin , Sahin Yesim Muge , Ekren Nazmi , Oktar Faik Nuzhet , Salman S.
Published: May 2016

The biomedical applications of Poly (e-caprolactone) (PCL) have an extensive usage area such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, cartilage defects and biomedical implants. Because of the PCL’s high biocompatibility and excellent mechanical features some implants have been designed for getting remarkable results. Clinically approved fibers ranging from 500 nm to 750 nm were produced by electrospinning method. The mechanical properties of the fiber scaffolds were performed via tensile testing and results were measured by special programme. Five different fiber scaffolds which they produced in various compositions have been used for this research.
Synthesize and Characterization Zr-Al-Si Post through Eggshell Membrane Strengthening with PMMA Matrix
Authors: Putra Niko Eka , Fendra Yosa , Nurdin Denny , Purwasasmita Bambang Sunendar
Published: May 2016

Zr-Al-Si posts were successfully synthesized using biotemplate of eggshell membrane by sol-gel method and strengthening with matrix of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The dental posts made were analyzed with the scanning electron microscope (SEM), three point bending and microvickers hardness tester. There are two methods used to synthesized Zr-Al-Si posts, with calcination and without calcination. The synthesized mechanism is discussed here.
Effects of Sulfur Passivation on 6H-SiC(0001) Surface and Si/6H-SiC Interface
Authors: He Xiao Min , Chen Zhi Ming , Li Lian Bi
Published: May 2016

The un-passivated and passivated 6H-SiC(0001) surface and Si(-220)/6H–SiC (0001) interface are investigated by first-principles calculation based on density functional theory. It is demonstrated that the surface energy of 6H-SiC(0001) surface with seven atom-layers converges well. When the surface is passivated with sulfur(S), the density of states decreases obviously, implying that the passivated 6H-SiC(0001) surface are more stable. Four specific geometry models of Si(-220)/6H–SiC(0001) interface structures with different terminations are chosen. The calculated adhesion energies suggest that, for un-passivated interface, the atomic binding force and interface stability of C-termination interface are stronger than Si-termination interface, while for passivated interface, the tendency is opposite. The calculations about the density of states of un-passivated interfacial suggest that the Si-Si covalent bonds are formed at Si-terminated interface, and that C-Si covalent bonds are formed at C-terminated interface. After the interface is passivated with S atoms, the interaction between Si and S atoms is observed.
Analysis of the Influence Factors on High Compressibility Water Atomized Iron Powder
Authors: Li Guo Ping , Guo Li Bo , Sun Li Hui , Luo Feng Hua , Du Jiao , Liu Zeng Lin
Published: May 2016

In this paper, the influence factors on high compressibility water atomized iron powder LAP100.29 were studied such as the processing parameters, the proportion of coarse particles, powder oxygen content and impurity. The results showed that, by increasing the purity of molten steel and improving atomization temperature, the iron content of water atomized iron powder particles reached more than 99.67 %, the oxygen content was less than 0.08 %, acid insoluble was less than 0.08 %, green density reached 7.21~7.22 g/cm3. The contents of +80 and -80～+100 mesh powder were 1.6 % and 7.5 %, respectively. The compressibility could be improved by the increase of the coarse particles and the reduction of the fine particles (for example, lowering the content of -325 mesh particles). Generally speaking, the compressibility of the water atomized iron powder can be improved fundamentally by reducing oxygen content, impurity content and the reasonable distribution of particle size.
The Regeneration Properties of Manganese Oxide Sorbent under SO2 Atmosphere
Authors: Wang Hui Qing , Ju Shang Guan , Liu Li Ping , Zhao Xiao Wei , Mi Jie
Published: May 2016

The effects of temperature and concentration of sulfur dioxide on regeneration behavior of manganese oxide sorbent were studied in a fixed-bed reactor. The sorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Subsequently, the regeneration mechanism was inferred and the yield of export elemental sulfur was calculated. The study shows that, the major regeneration products are Mn3O4, MnSO4 and a small amount of elemental sulfur under SO2 atmosphere.The sulfate can be converted to Mn3O4and Mn2O3 at 800 °C under N2 atmosphere. The elemental sulfur productivity increases with the increase of temperature and concentration of sulfur dioxide.The regeneration conversion attains maximum value (68%) at 800 °C under the atmosphere of 1.68% SO2, and the productivity of elemental sulfur reaches to maximum value (29%) under the conditions.
Absorption and Mass Transfer of CO2 in Monoethanolamine Solution
Authors: Chen Pao Chi , Lin Sheng Zhong
Published: May 2016

This work uses a continuous bubble-column scrubber for the absorption of CO2 with a 5M MEA solution under a constant pH environment to explore the effect of the pH of the solution and gas-flow rate (Qg) on the removal efficiency (E), absorption rate (RA), overall mass-transfer coefficient (KGa), liquid flow rate (QL), gas-liquid flow ratio (γ), and scrubbing factors (φ). From the outlet CO2 concentration with a two-film model, E, RA, KGa, QL, γ, and φ can be simultaneously determined at the steady state. Depending on the operating conditions, the results show that E (80-97%), RA(2.91x10-4-10.0x10-4mol/s-L), KGa (0.09-0.48 1/s), QL(8.74-230.8mL/min), γ (0.19-5.39), and φ (0.031-0.74 mol/mol-L) are found to be comparable with other solvents. In addition, RA, KGa, E, and QL have been used to correlate with pH and Qg, respectively, with the results further explained.
Ethylene Oligomerization by Novel Iron (II) Diimine Complexe
Authors: Zheng Ming Fang
Published: May 2016

Iron (II) complex ligated by 2-n-propyl–ketimino-1,10-phenanthroline (2,6-diethylanil) has been synthesized and evaluated with different co-catalysts of methylaluminoxane (MAO), modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) and triethyl aluminum (AlEt3) in ethylene oligomerization. The result shows the catalytic activities activated with MAO or MMAO are much higher than those with AlEt3 under the same conditions, and these investigations provide useful information targeting the potential application in industrial consideration.
Composition and Spectral Investigation for Tetranitro Iron Phthalocyanine
Authors: Li Shu Ying , Zeng Zhao Yang , Du Shan Shan
Published: May 2016

Because of the dark green color similar to vegetation, tetranitro iron phthalocyanine has great potentiality in military camouflage application. Tetranitro iron phthalocyanine was synthesized in the method of improved microwave-assisted synthesis. By single-variable controlling principle, the optimal synthesis conditions in laboratory for tetranitro iron phthalocyanine composing was determined. The spectra difference under different conditions between tetranitro iron phthalocyanine and green vegetation was analyzed. The possibility for using tetranitro iron phthalocyanine as green paint in camouflage was discussed
Fiber Reinforced Structural Insulated Panel Used as Two-Way Slabs
Authors: Jing Meng , Raongjant Werasak
Published: May 2016

The application of structural insulated panels (SIP) was mainly limited to wall panels in the past. In order to evaluate the flexural performance of SIP two-way slabs, an experimental research on the flexural behavior of four full-size two-way slabs, made of SIP panels or fiber reinforced structural insulated panels, was presented in this paper. The bending capacities and the strains in the face layers were studied and compared with those of ordinary reinforced concrete two-way slabs. Testing results verified that, strengthening of glass fiber reinforced polymer sheets could obviously improve the flexural capacity of SIP slab. Fiber reinforced structural insulated panels could substitute ordinary reinforced concrete slabs in residential or light commercial buildings.
One-Way Slab of Structural Insulated Panel Strengthened with FRP
Authors: Raongjant Werasak , Jing Meng
Published: May 2016

In order to promote the usage of structural insulated panels (SIP) as floor and roof for residential buildings, the bending capacity of SIP should be improved. In this paper, fiber reinforced polymer sheets were used as strengthening materials. The new variation of SIPs, which is called Fiber Reinforced Structural Insulated Panel (FSIP), was tested in this paper. Five one-way slabs were subjected to uniformly distributed loads till failure. It is observed that the flexural bearing capacity and stiffness of the slabs were affected by the thickness of foam core and the strength of FRP sheet. By strengthened with FRP sheets, the one-way slab of structural insulated panel can be used for floor and roof in residential and light commercial buildings.
A study of flood risk mitigation strategies in vernacular dwellings of Rathnapura, Sri Lanka
Authors: Dilhani K.A.C. , Jayaweera N.
Published: May 2016

This study examines the flood mitigation strategies in vernacular dwellings in the high flood risk district of Rathnupra, Sri Lanka. In order to mitigate flood risks, local communities have devised successful flood risk mitigation strategies especially in relation to construction of dwellings. However the adaptive capacity of the local people is not well understood as limited research has been conducted on their ability to mitigate flood risk.This study consists of 15 case studies in three flood risk zonal categories of Rathnapura. The time period of construction of these dwellings span from 1800 to 2005, allowing the authors to conduct a chronological analysis of development of materials and construction practices in mitigating flood risk in Rathnapura. The study takes the new guidelines for flood risk mitigation in Rathnapura as a framework to analyze the vernacular knowledge demonstrated in the case studies. The planning, spatial configuration, and construction methods were documented for the 15 case studies. The study concludes that the single-storey dwelling constructed in the 1800 and early 1900 demonstrate many of the flood mitigation features required by modern guidelines. The study also emphasizes the lack of attention to services such as plumbing and electricity in the case studies as well as in the modern guidelines.
Understanding the relationships between rainfall and lunar phase- a case study in Kandy region in Sri Lanka
Authors: Premachandra N. P. , De Silva R. P. , Punyawardena B. V. R.
Published: May 2016

There is a common belief among Sri Lankans that rainfall always occurs around “Poya day” (the day of full moon). The background for this belief is that the rainfall is influenced by the phase of the moon and this hypothesis was tested using data from Kandy region. Statistical analyses on this hypothesis were conducted using ephemeris and official rainfall data covering a period of 38 years, from January 1964 to December 2001, for three locations in Kandy region. These analyses were based on four types of comparisons namely, yearly average possibility of rainfall on a moon phase day with that of a control day, yearly average rainfall on a moon phase day with that of a control day, yearly average possibility of rainfall on a moon phase day with that of the opposite moon phase day and yearly average rainfall on a moon phase day with that of the opposite moon phase day. These comparisons were repeated for ‘around 3 day period of moon phase day’, ‘around 5 day period of moon phase day’, ‘one day before moon phase day + moon phase day’, ‘two day before moon phase day + moon phase day’, ‘one day after moon phase day + moon phase day’, and ‘two day after moon phase day + moon phase day’.As a control sample for the first two types of comparisons, the third day of each month was chosen randomly. Statistical analyses were done using the sign test and the t-test. Using results of the 24 types of comparisons, it was found that no significant correlation between rainfall and the occurrence of the four moon phases. Hence, it can be concluded that the rainfall is not influenced by the phase of the moon. The comment or the belief that ‘rainfall always occurs around the “Poya day” may have arisen from people only enriching the myth when raining on “Poya days” during rainy periods, as it is well known, it’s probably the heads-I-win, tails-doesn’t count approach.
Position of the bud on the bud stick on success of bud graft and growth Hevea brasiliensis (Muel Arg)
Authors: Udayakumara E. P. N. , Seneviratne P.
Published: May 2016

Budgrafting is currently the most popular method of propogation of rubber. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the budwood on bud grafting success, sprouting and the scion growth. In the first part, the positional effect of individual buds was observed using brown budwood of two clones. There was no regular pattern in grafting success but, after a few successful grafts, there were one or two unsuccessful ones. Also, there were a certain percentage of dormant buds. Sprouting time also did not show any correlation with the position of the bud. The duration was different for two clones, 20 days for PB 217 and 60 days for clone PB 255.The shoot originating height was tested in the second part of this study using green shoots. Some bush nurseries were pollarded at 50 cm and 180 cm of clones RRIC 100 and RRIC 121. The differences were varied between the shoots of two original heights. However, the source bush trees were about 2-3 years old and therefore, these results are according to the expectation.
Pulmonary Th17 Antifungal Immunity Is Regulated by the Gut Microbiome
Authors: McAleer Jeremy P. , Nguyen Nikki L. H. , Chen Kong , Kumar Pawan , Ricks David M. , Binnie Matthew , Armentrout Rachel A. , Pociask Derek A. , Hein Aaron , Yu Amy , Vikram Amit , Bibby Kyle , Umesaki Yoshinori , Rivera Amariliz , Sheppard Dean , Ouyang Wenjun , Hooper Lora V. , Kolls Jay K.
Published: May 2016

Commensal microbiota are critical for the development of local immune responses. In this article, we show that gut microbiota can regulate CD4 T cell polarization during pulmonary fungal infections. Vancomycin drinking water significantly decreased lung Th17 cell numbers during acute infection, demonstrating that Gram-positive commensals contribute to systemic inflammation. We next tested a role for RegIIIγ, an IL-22–inducible antimicrobial protein with specificity for Gram-positive bacteria. Following infection, increased accumulation of Th17 cells in the lungs of RegIIIγ−/− and Il22−/− mice was associated with intestinal segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) colonization. Although gastrointestinal delivery of rRegIIIγ decreased lung inflammatory gene expression and protected Il22−/− mice from weight loss during infection, it had no direct effect on SFB colonization, fungal clearance, or lung Th17 immunity. We further show that vancomycin only decreased lung IL-17 production in mice colonized with SFB. To determine the link between gut microbiota and lung immunity, serum-transfer experiments revealed that IL-1R ligands increase the accumulation of lung Th17 cells. These data suggest that intestinal microbiota, including SFB, can regulate pulmonary adaptive immune responses.
The Imaramagambo Onchocerciasis Focus in Southwestern Uganda: Interruption of Transmission After Disappearance of the Vector Simulium neavei and Its Associated Freshwater Crabs
Authors: Katabarwa Moses N. , Katamanywa James , Lakwo Thomson , Habomugisha Peace , Byamukama Edson , Oguttu David , Nahabwe Christine , Ngabirano Monica , Tukesiga Ephraim , Khainza Annet , Tukahebwa Edridah , Unnasch Thomas R. , Richards Frank O. , Garms Rolf
Published: May 2016

It was not until early 1990s that, when the Imaramagambo focus of southwest Uganda was mapped, mass treatment with a single annual dose of ivermectin for onchocerciaisis control commenced. However, comprehensive investigations on its transmission were launched after a nationwide policy for onchocerciasis elimination in 2007. Entomological surveys throughout the focus from 2007 to 2015 have yielded few or no freshwater crabs (Potamonautes aloysiisabaudiae), which serve as the obligate phoretic host of the larvae and pupae of the vector Simulium neavei. No S. neavei flies have been observed or collected since 2007. Skin snips (microscopy) from 294 individuals in 2008 were negative for skin microfilariae, and of the 462 persons analyzed by polymerase chain reaction skin snip poolscreen in 2009, only five (1.08%) persons were indicated as infected with onchocerciasis. All five of the positive persons were at least 40 years old. Serosurvey results showed negative exposure among 3,332 children in 2012 and 3,108 children in 2015. Both were within the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval of the prevalence estimate of 0.06%, which confirmed the elimination of onchocerciasis. Treatment coverage in Imaramagambo was generally poor, and transmission interruption of onchocerciasis could not be attributed solely to annual mass treatment with ivermectin. There was sufficient evidence to believe that the possible disappearance of the S. neavei flies, presumed to have been the main vector, may have hastened the demise of onchocerciasis in this focus.
Elevated Values of Clinically Relevant Transferases Induced by Imported Infectious Diseases: A Controlled Cross-Sectional Study of 14,559 Diseased German Travelers Returning from the Tropics and Subtropics
Authors: Herbinger Karl-Heinz , Hanus Ingrid , Felbinger Thomas W. , Weber Christine , Beissner Marcus , von Sonnenburg Frank , Löscher Thomas , Bretzel Gisela , Nothdurft Hans Dieter , Hoelscher Michael , Alberer Martin
Published: May 2016

The aim of this controlled cross-sectional study was to assess the clinical validity of elevated values of three clinically relevant transferase enzymes (aspartate transaminase [AST], alanine transaminase [ALT], and gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT]) induced by imported infectious diseases (IDs) seen among patients consulting the Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (from 1999 to 2014) after being in the sub-/tropics. Data sets of 14,559 diseased German travelers returning from Latin America (2,715), Africa (4,574), or Asia (7,270) and of 1,536 healthy controls of German origin without recent travels were analyzed. Among the cases, the proportions of those with elevated values of AST (7.8%) and of ALT (13.4%) were significantly larger than among controls (4.0% and 10.6%, respectively), whereas for GGT, no significant difference was found (cases: 10.0%; controls: 11.4%). The study identified IDs with significantly larger proportions of both AST and ALT (hepatitis A [100%/100%], cytomegalovirus [CMV] infection [77%/81%], chronic hepatitis C [67%/67%], infectious mononucleosis [65%/77%], typhoid fever [50%/50%], cyclosporiasis [45%/66%], dengue fever [43%/35%], malaria [20%/27%], and rickettsiosis [20%/24%]), of AST alone (paratyphoid fever [42%]), of ALT alone (giardiasis [20%]), and of GGT (hepatitis A [100%], infectious mononucleosis [71%], CMV infection [58%], rickettsiosis (20%], and dengue fever [19%]). The study demonstrates that the determination of AST and ALT among travelers returning from the sub-/tropics has a high clinical validity, as their elevated values are typically caused by several imported viral, bacterial, and protozoan IDs, whereas no additional clinical validity was found by the determination of GGT.
Arteterapia en el final de la vida
Authors: Collette Nadia
Published: May 2016

El arteterapia permite una aproximación creativa biográfica particularmente valiosa en la etapa final de la vida. La persona enferma presenta múltiples necesidades – físicas, emocionales, sociales y espirituales – que solo una atención holística puede pretender abarcar, tal como lo contempla la filosofía de los cuidados paliativos. El arteterapeuta integrado en el equipo interdisciplinar contribuye a aliviar y acompañar el sufrimiento del paciente y su familia. Se presentan aquí las bases teóricas y la metodología de la intervención, así como el marco sanitario en el cual se inscribe.
Caso clínico: Arteterapia en niñ@s adoptad@s. Un lugar para vivir.
Authors: Moreno Pueyo Ana , Vellisca González María Yolanda
Published: May 2016

En el presente artículo pretendo describir la práctica de arteterapia con niños y adolescentes adoptad@s, a partir de un caso clínico. Se trata de un proceso de 18 meses descrito a través de las sesiones más significativas de una preadolescente adoptada a los 10 años, procedente de los países del Este, donde confluyen dos circunstancias que favorecen la complejidad del caso, como son el atravesar la adolescencia y ser una menor recientemente adoptada.
Psicodrama. Reflexiones desde la práctica clínica en un Hospital de Día Psiquiátrico
Authors: Masini Fernández Cristina
Published: May 2016

En este artículo presento las potencialidades terapéuticas que el psicodrama otorga al tratamiento de pacientes con trastorno mental severo. Planteo las características específicas que, desde la práctica clínica en el ámbito de un Hospital de Día Psiquiátrico de Madrid, se han revelado especialmente fértiles para las personas que participan de él, así como para el encuadre comunitario y su ensamble en el marco de un trabajo transdisciplinar.
Social inequalities in causes of death amenable to health care in Norway
Authors: Hem Camilla , Næss Øyvind , Strand Bjørn Heine
Published: May 2016

Objective: Investigate if there are educational inequalities in causes of death considered amenable to health care in Norway and compare this with non-amenable causes. Methods: The study used the concept of “amenable mortality”, which here includes 34 specific causes of death. A linked data file, with information from the Norwegian Causes of Death Registry and the Educational Registry was analyzed. The study population included the whole Norwegian population in two age groups of interest (25-49 and 50-74 years). Information on deaths was from the period 1990-2001. Education was recorded in 1990 and it was grouped in four categories as: basic, lower secondary, higher secondary and higher. In the study men and women were analysed seperately. The analysis was conducted for all amenable causes pooled with and without ischemic heart disease. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was fitted to estimate hazard rate ratios. Results: The study showed educational differences in mortality from causes of death considered amenable to health care, in both age groups and sexes. This was seen both when including and excluding ischemic heart disease. The effect sizes were comparable for amenable and non-amenable causes in both age groups and sexes. Conclusions: This study revealed systematic higher risk of death in lower educational groups in causes of death considered amenable to health care. This indicates potential weaknesses in equitable provision of health care for the Norwegian population. Additional research is needed to identify domains within the health care system of particular concern.
Kan medisinske fødselsregistre være til nytte i utviklingsland?
Authors: Bergsjø Per
Published: May 2016

Med utgangspunkt i mangeårige erfaringer som konsulent for Medisinsk fødselsregister og medlemskap i registerets rådgivende utvalg beskriver jeg etableringen av et medisinsk fødselsregister i et utviklingsland, Tanzania. Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) er et universitetssykehus, der hver eneste fødselsiden juli 2000 er blitt registrert elektronisk, med samtykke fra moren. Både mødredødeligheten og den perinatale dødeligheten i Tanzania er i størrelsesorden minst tretti ganger høyere enn i Norge. Tanken er at et register som regelmessig rapporterer viktige hendelser under fødslene, vil skjerpe årvåkenheten og bidratil bedre kvalitet av fødselshjelpen. Samtidig vil registeret være en kilde til forskning i feltet reproduktiv helse. Artikkelen omtaler oppbyggingen og driften av registeret, problemer som måtte løses underveis, og hvilken mulighet det er for å utvide dekningen til å gjelde alle fødeinstitusjonene i Kilimanjaroregionen.Det vil i tilfelle være et langt skritt i retning av et populasjonsbasert register. Inntil videre er muligheten til å inkludere hjemmefødsler (ca. 20 prosent i regionen) begrenset
Medisinsk fødselsregister som utgangspunkt for livsløpsstudier
Authors: Kristensen Petter
Published: May 2016

Grunnlaget for helse og funksjon i voksen alder legges gjennom hele livsløpet. Medisinsk fødselsregister (MFR) er det naturlige utgangspunktet for populasjonsbaserte livsløpsstudier i Norge. I denne oversikten gis eksempler på studier hvor MFR-data er koblet mot andre datakilder med oppfølging opp til ung voksen alder. Styrken til MFR ligger på flere områder. For det første er det mulig å etablere kohorter av alle som er født i Norge siden 1967. For det andre har MFR rikholdige data av nytte i livsløpsstudier. For det tredje gir MFR mulighet for å etablere søskenkohorter, noe som kan vise seg å være av stor verdi i denne typen studier. I prinsippet kan fødte i MFR følges gjennom 40 år i dag (2007).
Repeater” studies – Development of a new research field
Authors: Bakketeig Leiv S.
Published: May 2016

The tendency to repeat birth weight in successive birth was first published in 1977. The study was based on 81 400 mothers who had their first and second singleton birth within the study period 1967-73, based on information in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. The paper was presented at a large NICHD (National Center of Child Health and Human Development, NIH) seminar focusing on preterm birth. This meeting started a creative, international long lasting collaboration, a series of papers and book chapters has been published. It seemed like mothers are programmed to give birth to babies of a certain size and age. And if they depart from this norm the baby is at an increased risk of mortality. Also, the tendency to repeat gestational age and birth weight exists across generations, with the same increased risk if the pattern is departed from. This means that if a mother who herself was of low birth weight give birth to a likewise small baby, then that baby has improved survival compared to a likewise small baby where the mother was relatively heavy. This effect across generations is also present on the paternal in addition to the maternal side. Recently the medical birth registration data set has provided possibilities to examine the effect of changing partners from one pregnancy to the next one. Also, half siblings (maternal and paternal) is another valuable data source to explore. Soon 3 generational repeater studies will become available as the first births in the registry by now become grandmothers and grandfathers.
What happens in Norwegian epidemiological research on mental health? A contemporary perspective
Authors: Tambs Kristian
Published: May 2016

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Two hundred years of cancer epidemiology in Norway – before and during the NOFE era
Authors: Gram Inger Torhild , Lund Eiliv
Published: May 2016

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Something Else Very Barbara Pym: Cultural Criticism in Quartet in Autumn
Authors: Murphy Ryan Francis
Published: May 2016

In this article—providing both historical context and critical analysis—I challenge the popular line of scholarly thought that has for years maintained that Miss Pym is not an “issues” writer. I specifically employ Wendell Berry's The Unsettling of America: Culture and Agriculture (1977) and Alasdair MacIntyre's After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory (1981)—recognized classics of twentieth-century cultural criticism—to show how Pym, in her last novels, independently arrives at many of the same conclusions for which Berry and MacIntyre are celebrated. It is my further contention that one need not disagree with Lord David Cecil's assessment of Pym's novels as superb “examples of high comedy,” to also include her among the relevant cultural critics of her time.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 5, No. 2
Authors: Sun Barbara
Published: May 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2016
A revision of the Thyropygus allevatus group. Part V: Nine new species of the extended opinatus subgroup, based on morphological and DNA sequence data (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Harpagophoridae)
Authors: Pimvichai Piyatida , Enghoff Henrik , Panha Somsak , Backeljau Thierry
Published: May 2016

The Thyropygus opinatus subgroup (Diplopoda: Harpagophoridae) of the T. allevatus group in Thailand is revised. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA sequence data, it is merged with the T. bifurcus subgroup to form an extended T. opinatus subgroup. Nine new species are described: Thyropygus cimi sp. nov. and T. forceps sp. nov. from Nakhonsrithammarat Province, T. culter sp. nov., T. planispina sp. nov., T. undulatus sp. nov. and T. ursus sp. nov. from Krabi Province, T. mesocristatus sp. nov. from Songkhla Province, T. navychula sp. nov. from Phang-Nga Province and T. sutchariti sp. nov. from Phetchaburi Province.
A GEOLOGIA/GEOMORFOLOGIA COSTEIRA NOS LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE GEOGRAFIA: POR UMA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA CONTEXTUALIZADA
Authors: Novais Marcos Paulo Souza
Published: May 2016

Os livros didáticos continuam a ser a principal referência na sala de aula para alunos e professores das escolas públicas e privadas do país, embora muitas vezes utilizado de forma variada: em alguns momentos estimula a reflexão sobre o espaço geográfico e em outros trabalha com a Geografia de modo tradicional e não reflexivo. O litoral brasileiro possui uma extensão de aproximadamente 8.500 km, ao longo da qual ocorrem unidades fisiográficas variadas, sendo que a maior parte da população urbana reside nas cidades concentradas ao longo do litoral. Neste contexto a geologia/geomorfologia da zona costeira é apresentada de forma diferenciada nos manuais didáticos de Geografias, onde a abordagem das definições das formas que compõem a fisionomia dessa paisagem varia de coleção para coleção, de autor para autor. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar como a geologia/geomorfologia costeira é abordada nos livros didáticos de Geografia do Ensino Médio, bem como refletir a prática pedagógica docente no que concerne ao ensino de uma geografia contextualizada. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se em revisão bibliográfica e análise comparativa de livros didáticos, onde foi avaliado utilizando os seguintes critérios:a) análise do perfil do autor ou autores; b) adequação dos textos e da linguagem ao público ao qual se destina; c) qualidade das imagens, representações gráficas e cartográficas; d) coerência da proposta teórico-metológica; e) abordagem conceitual; f) as fontes bibliográficas. Os resultados preliminares demonstram que alguns manuais didáticos conservam uma visão restrita sobre essa temática, e quase sempre associada às questões ambientais, porém já dispomos de livros didáticos que apresentam uma análise geológico-geomorfológica das regiões costeiras abordando conceitos e definições de feições dessa paisagem, aproximando o docente e o aluno ao conhecimento desses ambientes. Faz se necessário ainda (re) pensarmos às práticas de ensino e a produção de material didático no tocante a produção de uma geografia contextualizada. Palavras-chave: Zona Costeira, livros didáticos, prática pedagógicaDOI: 10.5902/2236499414214
O ENSINO DE CARTOGRAFIA PARA ALUNOS COM DEFICIÊNCIA VISUAL
Authors: Campos Mariluze De Carvalho
Published: May 2016

A Geografia é uma disciplina que tem como suporte os recursos cartográficos e, dependendo como forem trabalhados e utilizados, podem possibilitar aos discentes uma melhor compreensão quanto às diversas representações do espaço geográfico. No entanto, no que diz respeito aos alunos com Deficiência Visual, tais recursos precisam ser reformulados e adaptados, necessitando, ainda, que os professores da disciplina em foco, propiciem atividades de estimulação tátil visando desenvolver, gradativamente, esse sentido. Nesse viés, esse artigo foi elaborado com o objetivo de indicar propostas de atividades direcionadas aos alunos que possuem esse tipo de deficiência, tendo como peças centrais os recursos táteis, perpassando ainda pelas leis que asseguram os direitos desses cidadãos. Para o alcance desse objetivo, foi feita uma pesquisa em livros, leis, revistas, sites, artigos, a fim de embasar o trabalho de um modo geral. Pretende, por fim, apresentar a importância da Cartografia Tátil como uma ferramenta capaz de fornecer um maior conhecimento da organização e distribuição dos seus espaços de vivência e enfatizar o quanto é essencial a ampliação das discussões voltadas para tal. Palavras-chave: necessidades educativas especiais, deficiente visual, Geografia, cartografia tátil. DOI: 10.5902/2236499414389
A FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE DO CAMPO: ESTUDO DE CASO DA ESCOLA RURAL PEDRO LOVATO- RS
Authors: Netto Tatiane Almeida , Coradin Cristiane
Published: May 2016

O trabalho propõe um exercício de reflexão em formação de professores na perspectiva da educação do campo. Como objetivos, visa analisar a formação docente, especificamente da escola rural Pedro Lovato em Novo Cabrais, RS. O estudo consiste em investigação qualitativa de um fenômeno social, as novas ruralidades, e as especificidades do contexto rural. Conclui-se com o presente estudo, que a partir das especificidade do campo, emerge a necessidade de uma formação de professores específica para a Educação do Campo, associada à produção da vida, conhecimento e produção da cultura do campo. Palavras-chave: ruralidades, sujeitos sociais, educação do campo, escola DOI: 10.5902/2236499415988
The correlation between parents' educational attitudes and ethnocentrism among adolescents
Authors: Pavićević Miljana , Petrović Danijela
Published: May 2016

The paper discusses the contribution that family upbringing has on the development of ethnocentrism among adolescents. This study included 345 respondents from Kosovo and Metohija of Serbian nationality. The following instruments were used for data collection: a scale for assessing educational attitudes of parents (Kodžopeljić, 2009) and the Scale for the assessment of ethnocentrism (SRAM, 2010). The research results show that adolescents exhibiting the highest level of national homogenization, and that according to their procenidominantan educational attitude of their parents cold-limiting. Correlation analysis is utvrđena najveća association (r = is 0. 35) between the confining upbringing father and national superiority or bias and ethnic exclusion and prejudice. On the other hand, the highest correlation (r = is 0. 37) was found between mothers and cold upbringing national homogenization, as well as between confining education of mothers and ethnic exclusion and prejudice. Also, the correlation of medium intensity (r = is 0. 30 = r is 0. 49) exist between a cold upbringing mothers and ethnic exclusion and prejudice (r = is 0. 30); mothers and permissive upbringing national homogenization (r = is 0. 35); confining education of mothers and national superiority or bias (r = is 0. 35). In addition, regression analysis showed that parental attitudes mother significant predictors of all four aspects of ethnocentrism, while the educational attitude father a significant predictor only one aspect of ethnocentrism and national superiority or bias.
The truth and the essence of the intuitive consciousness-observational procedures
Authors: Popović Brankica
Published: May 2016

The purpose of Husserls principles of phenomenology consists in showing the way in which transcendental subjectivity can only be brought to self-administration. If someone wants to expose the logical notation, he should go beyond the meaning of words, which are always ambiguous. This phenomenon must be considered in light of its origin in a conscious life, whose activity is theoretical. This statement contains a grain of Husserl's profound philosophical principles, the first principles of phenomenology, according to which the concept of being so closely associated with the concept of experience that brings the last justification for logical methods. Namely, we can justify giving the courts that have ontological value and only then can we be sure that we have a reflection of not only being present, but just to be.
Changing the NHS a day at a time: The role of enactment in the mobilisation and prefiguration of change
Authors: Moskovitz Liora , Garcia-Lorenzo Lucia
Published: May 2016

This paper aims to contribute to our understanding of the unique role of enactment in the dynamics of motivation and participation in prefigurative social movements, with the intention of providing a deeper understanding of the mechanisms, inherent to prefiguration, driving change through collective action. We achieve this through examining what motivates people to participate as activists in a social movement trying to enact changes within the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom. To do so, we explore the narratives of 23 activists working to develop the NHS Change Day movement. The narratives describe how NHS frontline staff engage in daily grassroots change activities while having to navigate top-down, planned, organisational change interventions. We analyse our findings in light of recent developments in the understanding of group identity processes in the mobilisation of collective action, and highlight the role of enactment in these dynamics. The findings indicate that it is not the overall top-down managerial strategies, but rather the daily participation and enactment of self-initiated small-scale change actions that gives meaning and direction to the activists’ participation in the social movement – a meaning which is constructed through the encapsulation of a sense of personal agency and collective efficacy, contributing to a sense of the affirmation of vocational and organisational identity. We contend that the relationship between the experience of the daily enactment of self-initiated activities within a supportive group setting and the motivation to participate in collective action is mutually constructed, and as such, inextricable.
MENADŽMENT U PRAVOSUĐU
Authors: Golijan Dragan , Salkić Alisa
Published: May 2016

Rukovođenje u Sudovima je još od Rimskog prava zavređivalopažnju. Uvođenjem uloge pretora – koji je bio jedan od najviših rimskih magistara,imao imperium, a glavni posao bio mu je organizacija pravosuđa – uvedeni su i visokizahtjevi za izbor sudije. Danas Visoki sudski savjet u Bosni i Hercegovini pridajeveliku važnost izboru predsjednika sudova, te njihovoj sposobnosti za rukovođenje,menadžment i organizaciju rada. Značajno pitanje predstavlja i formiranje kolegijasudija i njihovo funkcionisanje kao cjeline.
СТАВОВИ УЧЕНИКА МЛАЂЕГ ШКОЛСКОГ УЗРАСТА О ПРИПАДНОСТИ ГРУПИ У НАСТАВИ ФИЗИЧКОГ ВАСПИТАЊА
Authors: Шврака Небојша
Published: May 2016

У раду су разматрани одређени ставови ученика према наставифизичког васпитања, о вршњацима који се баве спортом ван школе, о њиховомдружењу ван школе и популарности код деце која се на баве активно разнимспортовима што позитивно утиче на изградњу ставова.
Composition determination of β-(AlxGa1−
x)2O3 layers coherently grown on (010) β-Ga2O3 substrates by high-resolution X-ray diffraction
Authors: Oshima Yuichi , Ahmadi Elaheh , Badescu Stefan C. , Wu Feng , Speck James S.
Published: May 2016

We demonstrate X-ray-diffraction-based composition estimation of β-(Al
x
Ga1−

x
)2O3 coherently grown on (010) β-Ga2O3. The relation between the strain along the [010] direction and the Al composition of the β-(Al
x
Ga1−

x
)2O3 layer was formulated using the stress–strain relationship in the monoclinic system. This formulation allows us to estimate the Al composition using the out-of-plane lattice spacing determined by conventional X-ray ω–2θ measurements. This method was applied to molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown coherent β-(Al
x
Ga1−

x
)2O3/Ga2O3 heterostructures, and the Al composition in β-(Al
x
Ga1−

x
)2O3 agrees closely with the composition determined directly by atom probe tomography.
Regional Industry Structure, Industrial Tax Burden, and the Effectiveness of the Replacing Business Tax with Value Added Tax Policy: Evidence from Listed Companies in China
Authors: Xie Huobao , Hui Lili
Published: May 2016

This paper investigates the impacts of industrial tax burden and regional industry structure on the effectiveness of the replacing business tax (BT) with value added tax (VAT) policy in China. Using an event study, we find that the stock market reacts positively to the introduction of the replacing BT with VAT policy. Specifically, the market reactions are stronger for the modern service industry than for the transportation service industry because the tax burden in sub-industries of the service sector changes after the shift from BT to VAT. Also, due to disparities in regional industry structure, the policy receives a better reaction in the eastern region than in the central and western regions. We further examine the long-term effects of the replacing BT with VAT policy. The results show that the reform-induced comparative advantages of the first pilot firms in Shanghai diminish gradually as the policy is expanded nationwide. Our findings have meaningful implications for the improvement of the replacing BT with VAT policy and the development of the service and manufacturing industries.
Strategies for improved rhamnolipid production byPseudomonas aeruginosaPA1
Authors: Soares dos Santos Alexandre , Pereira Jr Nei , Freire Denise M.G.
Published: May 2016

Rhamnolipids are biosurfactants with potential for diversified industrial and environmental uses. The present study evaluated three strategies for increasing the production of rhamnolipid-type biosurfactants produced byPseudomonas aeruginosastrain PA1. The influence of pH, the addition ofP. aeruginosaspent culture medium and the use of a fed-batch process were examined. The culture medium adjusted to pH 7.0 was the most productive. Furthermore, the pH of the culture medium had a measurable effect on the ratio of synthesized mono- and dirhamnolipids. At pH values below 7.3, the proportion of monorhamnolipids decreased from 45 to 24%. The recycling of 20% of the spent culture medium in whereP. aeruginosawas grown up to the later stationary phase was responsible for a 100% increase in rhamnolipid volumetric productivity in the new culture medium. Finally, the use of fed-batch operation under conditions of limited nitrogen resulted in a 3.8-fold increase in the amount of rhamnolipids produced (2.9 g L−1–10.9 g L−1). These results offer promising pathways for the optimization of processes for the production of rhamnolipids.