bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QSAR modeling of antifusarial activity of organic compounds
Authors: Vazhev V. , Munarbaeva B. , Vazheva N. , Gubenko M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to study the possibility of predicting the fungicidal activity of a large array of organic compounds of different classes in relation to Fusarium oxysporum. Methods. The research is based on the QSAR methodology. The logarithmic form of the minimum concentration of the drug, which inhibits the visible growth of the pathogen, lgMIC, was used as an indicator of fungicidal activity. To construct predictive models, 515 compounds were selected, data on the inhibitory activity of which were obtained from the ChEMBL site. The structure of the compounds is described by molecular structure descriptors calculated by the Dragon 7 computer program; a total of 1600 descriptors are used. Calculations were performed using the PROGROC computer program (PROGgram RObustness Calculation). The algorithm of the program allows using the number of descriptors in excess of the number of substances without preliminary selection. Results. Several models were built with the size of the control sample in the range of 51–61% of the total number of compounds with the following statistical indicators: correlation coefficient R = 0,95…0,978 and standard deviation s = 0,17…0,25. When checking the validity of the models using cross-validation, the following indicators were obtained: R = 0,923 and s = 0,29, the average absolute error is 0,24.The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the prediction of the fungicidal activity of a large array of organic compounds of different classes against Fusarium oxysporum was performed with high statistical indicators and with an assessment of the predictive power of the models by leave-one-out cross-checking. In the cross-validation mode, lgMIC calculations were also performed for fungicides, the experimental data on the toxicity of which with respect to Fusarium oxysporum are absent.
Phytopathological examination of potato varieties in the conditions of the Moscow region
Authors: Belov Grigoriy , Zeyruk Vladimir , Derevyagina Marina , Vasil'eva Svetlana
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The aim of the work is to conduct a phytopathological assessment of new domestic potato varieties in the conditions of the Central Region and to identify among them samples that are characterized by a high stable level of resistance to diseases. Methods. The research was carried out at the experimental base “Korenevo” in the Moscow region in 2019–2020. The soil is sod-podzolic sandy loam. The SCC of the growing seasons in 2019 is 1.39 (wet) and in 2020 2.1 (wet). The object of research is 45 varieties of domestic selection from different scientific institutions. All counts were carried out in accordance with standard methods on a natural infectious background. Results. The agrometeological conditions of the growing seasons of 2019 and 2020 contributed to the development of late blight and were satisfactory for the defeat of potato tops by alternariasis. The prevalence of rhizoctoniosis was different – moderate-depressive in 2019 and high in 2020. The lowest incidence over these years was noted only in the Morning variety-1 % (viral diseases). Potato varieties without symptoms of plant damage by rhizoctoniosis – Merchant and Morning, wrinkled mosaic – 19 varieties (41.3 %), twisting of leaves – 32 varieties (69.6 %) were identified. 33 (73.3 %) cultivars showed high resistance (8–9 points) to late blight, and 13 (28.9 %) to alternariasis. The varieties Kupets, Mariinskiy, Prizer, Tret’yakovka, Alyaska, Brusnichka, Kumach, Plamya, Signal, and Utro were distinguished by their complex resistance to these diseases. The autumn tuberous analysis showed that in 21 varieties (46.7 %) tubers were not affected by rhizoctoniosis, 28 (62.2 %) – scab, 11 (24.4 %) – wet rot. On the varieties of Lingonberry, Northern Lights, Signal and Sokur and on the hybrid G-6-14-11 no tubers with defects were found. Scientific novelty. A comprehensive phytopathological assessment of new domestic potato varieties in relation to the conditions of the Moscow region was carried out and samples with plant and tuber resistance to major diseases were identified.
Estimating the reservation wage across city groups in Colombia: A stochastic frontier approach
Authors: Florez Luz A. , Melo-Becerra Ligia , Posada Carlos Esteban
Published: June 2021

We use the stochastic frontier approach to estimate the reservation wage across different city groups in Colombia. We use the information of GEIH from 2008-2019 of 23 urban cities. We find empirical evidence in favour of the search theory predictions that suggest a positive relation of the reservation wage with the level of education and with the net family labour income. We also find a gender gap in the reservation wage and explore this gap controlling by the level of education and presence of children in the household. Contrary to the results found in the literature, we find that the presence of children reduces the reservation wage of women and men. Finally, we found that the reservation wage increases with the level of development and productivity of the cities, however, qualified workers in low-quality cities present higher reservation wages than median quality cities.
Egyiptom szerepe a líbiai polgárháborúban
Authors: Ritter Noémi
Published: June 2021

A líbiai válság közel egy évtizedes időszaka alatt a stabilizációs kísérletek sorra kudarcba fulladtak, aminek  következményeként jelenleg a polgárháború harmadik  szakasza dúl az országban. A konfliktus az egész térség  stabilitását veszélyezteti, azonban Egyiptom számára  kiemelt fenyegetést jelent, mert a két ország közel 1200  kilométeres határon osztozik, és Kairó számára korántsem  mindegy, iszlamista szereplők esetlegesen milyen befolyást  tudnak szerezni a térségben, mint ahogy a líbiai  törzsszövetségek erőviszonya és a központi államhatalom  működőképessége sem.  Egyiptom Líbiához hasonlóan érintett volt az arab tavasz okozta változásokban 2011 óta, de leküzdötte az átmenet és a hatalomváltás okozta belpolitikai válságot, majd a hatalmi visszarendeződés stabilizálta az országot. A líbiai helyzet Egyiptom számára kiemelt biztonsági fenyegetést jelent, de egyben lehetőséget is, mert a rendezésben való részvétellel erősítheti regionális befolyását és elősegíti külkapcsolatai építését is, továbbá szerepvállalásával kül- és belpolitikai érdekeit is érvényesíti. A tanulmány azt vizsgálja meg, hogy az egyiptomi események hogyan befolyásolták a líbiai átalakulást 2011-et követően, illetve ezek a változások hogyan alakították Kairó szerepvállalását a líbiai polgárháború három szakaszában.
Úton a függetlenség felé?
Authors: Egresi Zoltán , Kozma Tamás
Published: June 2021

Jelen tanulmány a Törökország földgázbeszerzéseit befolyásoló körülményekben végbement változásokat és  azok geopolitikai összefüggéseit vizsgálja az elmúlt évek  vonatkozásában. Az elemzés arra világít rá, hogy  Törökország helyzete a régió energiabiztonsági  folyamataiban jelentős átalakuláson ment és megy  keresztül napjainkban is, a korábbiakhoz képest Ankara  immáron jobb infrastrukturális feltételekkel és fejlődő  alkupozíciókkal rendelkezik az ország  földgázbeszerzéseinek szervezése terén, ugyanakkor az  ország energiapolitika-orientált külpolitikája korántsem  mentes a feszültségektől, ami különösképpen a Földközi- tenger keleti medencéjében vált láthatóvá.
Sárkányok és kistigrisek
Authors: Bartók András
Published: June 2021

Kelet-Ázsia jelentős fegyverkezési folyamatoknak otthont adó régióvá vált az elmúlt évtizedekben. A szakirodalom  sokat foglalkozik ennek kapcsán Kína és vele szemben az  USA katonai képességeinek relatív erőviszonyaival. Jelen  tanulmány célja bemutatni Kelet-Ázsia azon országainak  haderőfejlesztéseit, amelyek valamilyen fenyegetettségpercepcióval rendelkeznének Kína kapcsán.  A vizsgált adatok alapján látszik, hogy a 2008–2020 közötti  időszakban jelentős fejlődést láthattunk mind a vizsgált  fegyverrendszerek kvantitatív, mind kvalitatív  vonatkozásaiban. Terjedelmi okok miatt az írás két  részletben jelenik meg, az alábbi 1. szakasz a hét vizsgált  ország közül Északkelet-Ázsia három szereplőjét, Japánt,  Dél-Koreát és Tajvant mutatja be.
Linguistic and Psycholinguistic Aspects of Silence: A Structural Model of Communication
Authors: Shcherbak N. F. , Potienko V. I.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. This work examines the role of silence along the lines of the theoretical considerations suggested by L. Wittgenstein and M. Heidegger. It also focuses on the role of communicative silence in each of the six functions of language in the structural model of communication put forward by Roman Jacobson. Other important types of functions are considered.

Methodology and sources. Firstly, various philosophical and linguistic approaches towards the definition of silence are studied. Non-communicative silence, being outside the language domain, is differentiated from silence as part of communication, which is treated as a zero speech act in its own right. Finally, the paper analyzes the roles of communicative silence in the communicative model developed by Jacobson. Aesthetic function of silence is given special attention to. The poststructuralist view of silence is discussed.

Results and discussion. Silence, acting as a linguistic sign, could convey information in the referential function; it could express emotions and personal experiences while performing the emotive function. As far as the conative function is concerned, silence serves to exert direct pressure on the addressee. Regarding the phatic function, silence acts as a means of establishing or discontinuing communication. Poetic silence focuses on the message for its own sake and manifests itself in repeating elements, such as syntactic pauses of various lengths and in differing contexts. Aesthetic function of silence is studied in a broader sense and involves the implementation of the motif of silence or “quietness” in a work of art. Silence becomes an important tool to study the acoustic, rhythmical potential of prosaic and poetic texts. With regard to silence in the metalinguistic function, it focuses primarily on the code of communication, i. e. on the language and its structure. The view of silence in psychoanalytical practice is also taken into account.

Conclusion. The study of the phenomenon of silence allows to see a different number of functions it performs in situations when the speaker is either in a particular opposition to the speaker; or the situation is associated with a sense of respect, grief, humility. Silence could also accompany a number of emotive states, and perform a major role in prosaic and poetic texts when it stands out against the sounds that the main character hears around him allowing texts to bring out its acoustic properties. Psycho-analytical perspective allows to reveal more functions of silence.
Dziga Vertov’s Cinema as a Language of Temporal Reflection
Authors: Yakimov A. E.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. The article is devoted to the general theoretical analysis of Dziga Vertov’s cinema as a language of temporal reflection. According to essential hypothesis of this research Vertov’s work expresses the feature of the temporal regime of the culture of Soviet modernity.

Methodology and sources. The author uses the terms “temporal reflection” and “time regime of culture” guided by the A. Assmann’s work “Is Time Out of Joint? On the Rise and Fall of the Modern Time Regime”. The article is rethinking these concepts and point out as a methodological ground for the analysis of non-fiction cinematography.

Results and discussion. As a result of the analysis of both Vertov’s films and texts and theoretical works devoted to the study of his work, it is argued that Vertov’s non-fiction films could be considered as a symbolic language of temporal reflection. Particular attention is paid to Vertov’s both theoretical works and manifestos, and at the technical level – to the cinematographic techniques and means of expression of time. The temporal regime of modernity according to the Assmann includes features such as the turning point of time, the fiction of a new beginning, creative destruction, the emergence of the concept of “historical” and the acceleration of time. The analysis of the film “Man with a Movie Camera” (1929) given in the article demonstrates that Vertov’s work expresses these features. This conclusion is also confirmed by a number of theoretical positions in Vertov’s works, some of which are presented in the article.

Conclusion. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that Vertov’s cinematic experiments are inventing a new language for comprehending time of history and culture. This language functions on account of the mechanical reduction of reality and the synthesis of the resulting images-perceptions based on the principle of ideological and poetic advisability.
Traditional Man in the “Digital Cell”. Ideal Sources of Alternative Scenarios (20–30s of the XXth century)
Authors: Shcherbina A. V.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. The ideology and methodology of solving the problem practically posed in modern Russia is discussed: to preserve traditional values in a high-tech modern society. The author substantiates the legitimacy of comparing the current global situation with the situation between the two world wars in the twentieth century and referring to the heuristic potential of the ideas about the essence of technology expressed at that time.

Methodology and sources. An attempt has been made to move from a categorical to a conceptual analysis of the interface between the traditional person and the imperative of technological development. A traditional person is described in a postmodern paradigm that configures several analytical perspectives: the “tradition and modernity” interpretation scheme, an individualizing method, a civilizational approach, a historical perspective, Orthodox anthropology, the concept of organ projection, transhumanism and posthumanism. The works of the 20s – early 30s of the XX century are used as sources for the analysis. “Man and Technology” by O. Spengler, “Man and Machine” by N. Berdyaev, “Organoprojection” by P. Florensky.

Results and discussion. Examples of interpretation of a traditional person are considered, which allow rethinking the linear scheme “from tradition to modernity”. 1. A traditional person belongs to a distinctive culture. Scientific and technological progress is a product of the Western European cultural type. The enslavement to technology is not a cause, but a symptom of its decay due to a lack of perspective and purpose. 2. A traditional person is a person who is changing, continuing the creation of the world and maintaining a connection with eternity. From the reflections of Berdyaev follows the methodological setting: to treat man at the same time as God and as nature. It has a heuristic significance for the analysis of modern technologies. 3. A traditional person is an ancient, classical person who has yet to be restored in its integrity in synergy with technology, not in piece or elite, but in mass incarnations. The ideas of pairing traditional man and technological growth – cultural identity, connection with eternity, synergy of man and technology in organ projection are considered as guidelines for possible scenarios for the development of modern technologies in the interests of man, alternative to trans- and posthuman projects of improvement or pre- overpowering man based on secular eschatology. A critical analysis of proactive experimental and bioconservative approaches to the development of new technologies is given.

Conclusion. A shift in the attention of researchers and practitioners – in education, upbringing, management from traditional methods of social reproduction and personal development to technical improvements of a person – is fixed. Which again makes the question of the normativity of human nature urgent.
Attitudes of Modern Youth to the Innovative Activities: Based on the Materials of Sociological Research
Authors: Ushenkov E. E.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Orientation of the Russian to innovative way of development requires the provision of the state of human resources – qualified specialists with a certain set of qualities, skills and competencies. Researchers studying the matter, concluded that such a resource is the youth as the most active and creative social and demographic groups. Important components of the innovative potential of young people are the open mindedness, self-interest and involvement in innovative processes.

The author carries out a case study, the aim of which is to study the attitudes and engagement of young people of the Ivanovo region in innovation activities.

Methodology and sources. The methodological basis of this work is the sociological researches conducted by the author. The subject of these studies were representatives of youth of the Ivanovo region in age from 14 to 30 years. During the research, several sub-groups divided the youth group: senior pupils, students and representatives of working youth. Sampling error does not exceed 5 %, for a given level of significance of 95 %.

Results and discussion. The study showed that only half of the youth in the region would like to take part in innovative activities. At the same time over the past 3 years, about 44 % of young people have taken part in some form of innovation activity. Revealed that innovative practices are most common for pupils and students. Young people engaged in professional activities in more than half of the cases had no experience of participation in innovative activities.

Conclusion. The results of the author of sociological studies show varying degrees of readiness of youth to innovative activities. Pupils and students largely than older youth, interested in innovative practices, due to its involvement in these processes through the use of new educational technologies. The interest of working youth is determined by the content of the profession.
Field research: A comparative analysis between conventional, organic and sustainable methods of tomato production
Authors: Mazzei João Roberto Fortes , Freire Estevão , Serra Eduardo Gonçalves , Macedo José Ronaldo de , Oliveira Angélica Castanheira de , Bastos Lucia Helena Pinto , Cardoso Maria Helena Wohlers Morelli
Published: June 2021

Agriculture represents one of the main pillars of the Brazilian economy, its importance being related to food security and the generation of job opportunities. However, it is necessary to have a critical reflection on the sustainability of planting. Among the different types of crops, tomatoes stood out as one of the most planted and consumed fruits in the world. This article provides a comparative assessment between three types of tomato planting: conventional, organic and sustainable (TOMATEC®), from soil preparation to commercialization on the market. The work was carried out in the north of the state of Rio de Janeiro, together with groups that produce the fruit in these three types of planting. The methodology was based on an unstructured questionnaire, with free responses, applied to farmers in the region. We believe that this study will contribute to the orientation of society through data obtained from serious information processing criteria. The main results showed, through the sustainable planting system of EMBRAPA (innovation), that it is possible to use pesticides with environmental awareness and produce fruit free of residues. Diseases, in the conventional system, are controlled by the application of fungicides and bactericides. In sustainable planting, a mixture of homemade detergent with soy oil, Bordeaux mixture, cow’s milk, contact fungicides and systemic fungicides is used, and in the organic production system, it is common not to let the disease settle in the plant, through preventive control of soil preparation and protection. In pest control, the conventional system performs the application of insecticides composed of various active principles. In the organic system, the control of insects is privileged by balancing the soil, with this, the plants acquire greater resistance to diseases and pests. In the sustainable system, there is no preventive treatment, but curative. Market fruit prices for conventional planting fluctuate and depend on supply, while tomatoes from organic and sustainable systems do not fluctuate. Organic production does not have the installed capacity to meet market demands. With this, the sustainable system has been gaining space in the market and expanding in the Southeast and South of the country.
НАПРЯМИ РЕФОРМУВАННЯ ПОДАТКУ НА ДОХОДИ ФІЗИЧНИХ ОСІБ
Authors: Данилишин Володимир , Синиця Світлана
Published: June 2021

Стаття присвячена актуальним питанням щодо оподаткування доходів фізичних осіб. Сьогодні національна система оподаткування не зовсім справляється із виконанням покладених на неї функцій стосовно здійснення загального оподаткування, фіскальної достатності та соціальної справедливості, рівності платників податків та прозорості процедур адміністрування. Саме тому проаналізовано досвід ряду економічно розвинутих держав стосовно оподаткування доходів громадян. Окреслено найкращі розробки іноземних систем оподаткування доходів та вказані кроки, які дадуть змогу удосконалити та модернізувати систему оподаткування доходів громадян в Україні. Запропоновано реформувати систему оподаткування таким чином, щоб обкладати податком на доходи фізичних осіб не персонально кожного українця, який працює, а відразу ціле домогосподарство або сім'ю.
МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЯ МИТНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ
Authors: Мацедонська Наталя , Коваленко Вікторія , Штефан Людмила
Published: June 2021

Стаття присвячена напрямам використання сучасних інформаційних технологій у діяльності митних органів. Зазначено необхідність розвитку світової торгівлі та здійснення процедур митного контролю за допомогою технологій зв’язку та електронних комунікацій. Досліджено світовий досвід впровадження митними органами інноваційних технологій, а саме електронного декларування, технологій автоматичної реєстрації декларацій на товари та «віддаленого випуску», блокчейна, технології неінтрузивної інспекції для підвищення ефективності своїх інспекційних можливостей та прискорення процесу оформлення. Відзначені позитивні сторони запровадження інформаційних технологій. Окреслено досягнення процесу реформування сучасних інформаційних технологій в роботі державної митної служби України у рамках стратегічного курсу розвитку держави.
РОЗВИТОК ОБЛІКУ ЗА ЦЕНТРАМИ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ В СИСТЕМІ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВОМ
Authors: Мірошниченко Олеся , Винниченко Наталія , Андрєєва Наталія
Published: June 2021

Стаття присвячена актуальним питанням організації обліку за центрами відповідальності в системі управління підприємством. Проаналізовано та систематизовано підходи до визначення поняття «центр відповідальності». Досліджено підходи до визначення поняття «облік за центрами відповідальності». Аналіз широкого кола наукових джерел показав, що існує багато критеріїв, за якими класифікуються центри відповідальності. У статті наведено порівняльну характеристику центрів відповідальності затрат, доходів, прибутку та інвестицій за такими параметрами, як: завдання управлінського обліку, критерії оцінки діяльності центру, фінансова відповідальність, повноваження керівників Досліджено критерії виділення центрів відповідальності. Окреслено перспективи подальшого розвитку обліку за центрами відповідальності.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PROCESSING METHODS ON THE RESISTANT STARCH CONTENT OF SOME LEGUMES
Authors: Michael K. G. , Sogbesan O. A. , Onyia I. U.
Published: June 2021

This work describes the effects of different processing methods on resistant starch (RS) contents of Canavalia ensiformis, Detarium microcarpum, Jatropha curcas and Glycine max. meals. The legume seeds were subjected to different processing methods (Raw, soaked, Boiled, Toasted and Fermented).  Resistant Starch was determined by Megazyme Resistant Starch Assay procedure (A.O.A.C, 2002). In the results, the highest resistant starch contents were recorded in the toasted method for the three legume meals (Canavalia ensiformis 11.69 %, Detarium microcarpum 10.49 %, Jatropha curcas 13.06 %, while in Glycine max. 12.0 % was recorded in the boiled method). The lowest resistant starch contents were recorded in the raw processing method for the three legume meals (Canavalia ensiformis 8.47 %, Detarium microcarpum 7.25 %, Jatropha curcas 9.13 %, while in Glycine max. 7.51 % was recorded in the soaked method). The results of this research have proven the type 3 (RS3) resistant starch, which is retrograded starch made by cooking/cooling processes on starchy materials. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and significant differences (p<0.05) were recorded among the different processing methods
The Study of Potential Antiviral Compounds from Indonesian Medicinal Plants as Anti-COVID-19 with Molecular Docking Approach
Authors: Rizma Baiq Ressa Puspita , Ananto Agus Dwi , Sunarwidhi Anggit Listyacahyani
Published: June 2021

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new strain of coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, which was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The rapid transmission of COVID-19 from human to human forced researchers to find a potent drug by setting aside the time-consuming traditional method in drug development. The molecular docking approach is one a reliable method to screening compound from chemical drug or by finding a compound from Indonesian herbal plants. The present study aimed to assess the potency of compounds from five medicinal plants as potential inhibitors of PLpro and 3CLpro from SARS-CoV-2 using molecular study. The molecular docking was performed using Protein-Ligand Ant System (PLANTS) to analyze the potential compounds by the docking score. Remdesivir triphosphate was used as a standard for the comparison of the test compounds. The docking score obtained from the docking of PLpro with native ligand, remdesivir triphosphate, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, luteolin, apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, formononetin-7-O-glucuronide, andrographolide, and neoandrographolide were -111.441, -103.827, -103.609, -102.363, -100.27, -79.6655, -78.6901, -80.9337, -79.4686, -82.1124, -79.1789, and -97.2452, respectively. Meanwhile, docking score with 3CLpro for the same ligand were -64.0074, -86.1811, -81.428, -87.1625, -78.2899, -73.4345, -70.3368, -71.5539, -68.4321, -72.0154, -75.9777, and -93.7746. The docking score data suggest that curcumin was the most potential as a PLpro inhibitor, while neoandrographolide was the best as a 3CLpro inhibitor.
Cover, Content, and Editorial Note from J Mol Docking Vol. 1 No. 1 June 2021
Authors: J Mol Docking Chief Editor Of
Published: June 2021

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.Alhamdulillahirabbil ‘alamin. After a long wait for almost 1 year from the first planned, finally, the new scientific journal of the Department of Pharmacy Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya can be published. This scientific journal was named the Journal of Molecular Docking (J Mol Docking), inspired by one of the most popular in silico methods in computer-aided drug design. Journal of Molecular Docking published every 6 months (2 issues/year) every June and December.This edition contains five articles consisting of writings from four countries including Indonesia, India, Bulgaria, and Egypt. The authors come from several institutions, including Bio Search Research Institution, Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Siddha Central Research Institute – Central Council for Research in Siddha, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Universitas Mataram, and Medical University – Sofia.Editorial boards are fully aware that there is still room for improvement in this edition, hence with all humility willing to accept constructive suggestions and feedback for improvements to the publication for the next editions. The editorial board would like to thank all editors and reviewers, and contributors of the scientific articles who have provided the repertoire in this issue. We hope that all parties, especially the contributors of the articles, could re-participate for publication in the next edition in December 2021.Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
The Readiness of Primary and Preschool Pre-Service Teachers' for Teaching Profession in Turkey: A Mixed Methods Research
Authors: GİRGİN  Derya , AKCANCA Nur
Published: June 2021

This study aims to examine the readiness of pre-service teachers for teaching in terms of different dimensions. Among the mixed research designs, combined design in which the priority order of qualitative and quantitative methods is equal was preferred for the study. The participants were 127 pre-service teachers in the Faculty of Education. The research data set was obtained from the Preparedness to Teach Scale. In order to determine to what extent pre-service teachers, feel ready for teaching, two focus group sessions and the pre-service teachers were observed. In the study, it was determined that the pre-service teachers' level of readiness for teaching is at a medium level and the pre-service teachers used technology to attract attention and increase participation. It was observed that the pre-service teachers had problems in choosing appropriate teaching strategies, noticing special learning needs or difficulties, and classroom management.
Program Evaluation Experts’ Competencies: A Delphi Study
Authors: SEVER Demet
Published: June 2021

Due to the diversity of steps to be followed in program evaluation and knowledge, skills, qualification and competency requirements, the evaluation should be a field of expertise similar to other disciplines. Thus, it is important to consider program evaluation as a field of expertise and to determine the required competencies. This study aimed to determine the competencies of program evaluation experts based on the views of curriculum and instruction experts. A Delphi study was carried out with 23 participants in the first round and each was selected via the purposive sampling method. In the first round of the Delphi study, the open-ended questions were sent to the participants and qualitative data were analyzed with content analysis. At the end of the first round, a 5-point Likert-type questionnaire with 82 items was developed. In the second round, participants were asked to answer questions and also the views of the participants on main and sub-themes and their comments on these concepts were analyzed. In the third round, participants were asked to reevaluate their responses. The study was finalized with an 82 itemed-questionnaire under four main themes: “theoretical professional competencies of program evaluation experts”, “practical professional competencies of program evaluation experts”, “professional values that program evaluation experts should have”, “professional skills that program evaluation experts should have”.
An Investigation into the Changes and Developments in Teaching Methods Applied in Ottoman Educational Institutions: Sati Bey’s Suggestions and Practices
Authors: KARAGÖZ Savaş
Published: June 2021

From the perspective of Turkish education history, it can be said that the teaching methods applied in the educational institutions of the Ottoman Empire had deductive characteristics. The application of the deductive method was carried out in various forms including memorization, repetition, comprehension, discussion and note taking. Since the transfer of lessons in primary schools and madrasahs, which were traditional Ottoman educational institutions, was predominant, memorization as a teaching method was also dominant. Along with the modernization period in the nineteenth century, with innovations in the social, economic and military fields of the Ottoman state, there were also changes and developments in the field of education. After the second Constitutional Monarchy, the Darülmuallimin (the teachers’ school for men), which was established in 1848, started to train more qualified teachers as part of the changes and developments in the historical process. The ideas, suggestions and practices of Sâtı Bey, the principal of the teachers' school in that period, as the key implementer of these changes are still considered important today. In this study, the necessity, importance and characteristics of the methods of takrir (‘explaining’) and tekşif (‘discovering’) in Satı Bey's thinking as opposed to memorization are emphasized. The findings show that the discovering method is more useful than the explaining method in terms of permanent learning as an alternative to memorization. Another finding of the present study is that methods of explaining and discovering cannot be applied in every academic course.
EFL Instructors’ Attitudes towards Professional Self-Development
Authors: IRGATOĞLU  Aydan , GÜL PEKER Bena
Published: June 2021

This descriptive study aimed to find out whether instructors practiced self-development activities, whether some factors hindered the practice of self-development activities, and to what extent the instructors implemented self-development activities in their classes to solve a problem. Additionally, it aimed to find out whether the instructors differed in the use of self-development activities in terms of age, gender, experience, education level, and teaching hours. This study was conducted with 348 EFL instructors and four teacher trainers. Three research instruments including a questionnaire, interviews with teacher trainers, and four EFL instructors were used to investigate the self-development activities which were journal writing, self-appraisal, peer-observation, reading, writing a research paper, and action research. The analysis of data revealed that EFL instructors practiced self-development activities on a limited scale except for peer observation, which was carried out as a school policy. The results also showed that the workload was the most important hindrance in practicing self-development activities. Additionally, EFL instructors did not transfer the information gathered from self-development activities in their EFL classes to solve problems and they differed in the use of self-development activities to some extent in terms of age, gender, teaching experience, ELT qualifications like BA, MA, or Ph.D. and teaching hours.
Development of Dual Purpose Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] Hybrid for Kharif Season Having Higher Grain and Fodder Yield of SPH 1641
Authors: More AW , Kalpande HV , Dhutmal RR , Mehtre SP
Published: June 2021

Due to variable use, drought hardiness, stability of yield and adoptability over wide range of climate, sorghum has maintained its importance and dependability. Dual purpose kharif sorghum hybrid SPH1641 line was developed by using new CMS line PMS71A having wide adoptability across season (kharif and rabi) and high yielding restorer line KR196 at Sorghum Research Station, Parbhani. On the basis of 5 years testing (kharif 2009-14) SPH 1641 recorded the advantage of 13.38 and 16.06 % for grain and 11.52 and 21.57% for fodder yield, over checks CSH 25 and CSH 16 in Maharashtra State Multi location Varietal cum Hybrid Trials. Grain (crude protein 9.8%) and stover quality (IVOMD 43.5%) parameters of this hybrid were comparable with checks. SPH 1641 is moderately tolerant to grain mold (FGMR 3.95 and TGMR 3.00), shoot fly and stem borer as well. Hence the hybrid is released for commercial cultivation in kharif sorghum growing areas of Maharashtra State in 2015.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 245-251, 2021 (June)
Analysis of Plant Composition and Diversity on Urban Square in Mudanjiang City, China
Authors: Xu Liying , Liu Dounan , Liu Yue , Zhang Nana , Yang Lixue
Published: June 2021

In order to provide scientific basis for landscaping of square in Mudanjiang city, the rationality of plant application in 14 urban squares was analyzed by 10/20/30 “rule of thumb” states. The results showed that there were 38 common species which belonged to 15 families and 28 genera. The relative abundances of the most common species, genera and families were 39.8, 43.2 and 49.1%, respectively, which were all higher than the standard of 10/20/30 “rule of thumb” states, indicating that there was still some unreasonable phenomena in the square greening. The plant diversity index was quite different, and the Marglef index and Shannon-Wiener index were positively correlated with the square area and green area. The Pielou index had a positive correlation with the distance and a negative correlation relationship with the green rate.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 277-287, 2021 (June)
Stability Analysis of Agronomic Traits for Maize (Zea Mays L.) Genotypes Based on Ammi Model
Authors: Ye Meijin , Chen Zhaoyang , Liu Bingbing , Yue Haiwang
Published: June 2021

Stability and adaptability of promising maize hybrids in terms of three agronomic traits (grain yield, ear weight and 100-kernel weight) in multi-environments trials were evaluated. The analysis of AMMI model indicated that the all three agronomic traits showed highly significant differences (p < 0.01) on genotype, environment and genotype by environment interaction. Results showed that genotypes Hengyu321 (G9), Yufeng303 (G10) and Huanong138 (G3) were of higher stability on grain yield, ear weight and 100-kernel weight, respectively. Genotypes Hengyu1587 (G8) and Hengyu321 (G9) showed good performance in terms of grain yield, whereas Longping208 (G2) and Weike966 (G12) showed broad adaptability for ear weight. It was also found that the genotypes with better adaptability in terms of 100-kernel weight were Zhengdan958 (G5) and Weike966 (G12). The genotype and environment interaction model based on AMMI analysis indicated that Hengyu1587 and Hengyu321 were the ideal genotypes, due to extensive adaptability and high grain yield under both testing sites.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 343-350, 2021 (June)
Induction of Antioxidant Response With Compatible Combination of Mesorhizobium SP. and Pseudomonas SP. Against Fusarium Oxysporum SP. Ciceris in Chickpea
Authors: Nagpal Sharon , Sharma Poonam , Sirari Asmita
Published: June 2021

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is severely affected by Fusarium oxysporum sp. ciceris causing vascular wilt disease accounting about 10% of yield losses. The present study was conducted to assess the potential of compatible dual inoculants of Mesorhizobium sp. and PGPR (rhizospheric and endophytic) in initiating and boosting the antioxidant response towards the phytopathogen in vivo under wilt sick conditions in chickpea. Among the different dual inoculated treatments, LGR191+NE8 (Mesorhizobium sp. + nodule endophyte) showed maximum augmentation in the antioxidants viz., catalase (15.16 U/min/g fresh weight of root), guaiacol peroxidase (2.492mmoles/min/g fresh weight of root) and total phenolics (110.25 tannic acid equivalents/g fresh weight of root) over recommended fungicide (captan). Percent wilt control was highest with LGR191+NE8 (95.77%) followed by LGR1+LPGPR-1 (94.17%) after 120 days of sowing. The results suggested an expanded antioxidant state of the wilt infected plants with the dual inoculation of Mesorhizobium sp. with PGPR (rhizospheric and endophytic) decreasing fungal proliferation sustainably.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 359-364, 2021 (June)
Genetic Diversity Within and Among Populations of Shorea Robusta Roxb. Ex Gaertn. In Bangladesh and Its Implications for Conservation
Authors: Sharmi Pragga Saha , Kashem Md Abul , Samad Rifat , Hossain Mohammad Zabed
Published: June 2021

Fragmentation and reduction of natural population size render threats to the conservation of forest resources through depletion of genetic diversity. Hence, information on genetic structure of Sal (Shorea robusta Roxb. ex Gaertn.) populations is relevant for proper management and conservation of the tropical deciduous forests. The present study focused on assessing the genetic diversity of the populations of Sal which was the dominant tree species of the deciduous forests of Bangladesh. Plant leaf samples were collected from the three populations of Sal distributed in the three geographical regions including Madhupur tract in the districts Tangail and Gazipur and that of the districts of Cumilla and Dinajpur. DNA band profiles were generated using eight ISSR primers for a total of 13 samples taken from the three populations. Statistical analysis was done using PopGen 32 and GenAlEx 6.5 softwares. Principal coordinate analysis done on the DNA band profiles revealed that Sal populations of Madhupur tract and Cumilla positioned nearby while Dinajpur showed maximum genetic distance with that of Cumilla. Mantel test showed significant (p=0.05) correlation between genetic and geographic distances indicating “Isolation by Distance”. Data of the present study indicated higher genetic polymorphism (68.87%) in the Sal population of Madhupur tract compared to other two populations. Small population size of Sal of Dinajpur forest might be related with its low genetic diversity. Data of the present study suggest immediate attention for the conservation of Sal forests in Bangladesh before further genetic erosion occurs.

Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 405-412, 2021 (June)
Analysis of Chronic Disease Direct Cost at Public Primary Health Cares in Indonesia
Authors: Sulistyaningrum Indriyati Hadi , Kristina Susi Ari , Mukti Ali Ghufron , Satibi -
Published: June 2021

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the of drug costs for patients with chronic diseases in the capitation system in public primary health cares (Public PHCs).

Materials and Methods: This research is a quantitative study with an observational cross-sectional approach at 16 Public PHCs. Data collection used the retrospective method. The total sample was 293 outpatients in 2016.

Results: The results showed that 63% of patients are female. The most patients are aged between 56-65 years (37%). The average drug cost for patients receiving more than 3 types of drugs is IDR 7,726. The biggest drug cost is patients with DM type 2 with which the average cost is IDR 7.400. And the metformin treatment is 17 (6%) patients with the cost IDR 4,500,-. Chi-square analysis shows that the quantity of drug items, type of disease and prescriptions there are have significant effect on drug cost (p-value <0.05). However, gender and age group there are no significant effect on drug cost (p-value >0.05). Drug prescriptions are an important component in managing chronic diseases patients. Prescribing costs provide important information in the sustainability of the management of chronic disease programs.

Conclusion: This study recommends that the prolanis policy in public PHCs is focused on the elderly age group patients and female group.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.762-767
Mini-invasive revascularization operations in the complex treatment of neuroischemic and ischemic forms of diabetic foot syndrome
Authors: Zhakiyev Bazylbek , Jakanov Murat , Zhanabaev Bernat , Koyshibaev Anuar , Mukanov Samat , Aitbayeva Aliya
Published: June 2021

Objective: Diabetic foot syndrome is the most dramatic complication of diabetes mellitus. The treatment success is impossible without improving blood circulation and the elimination of hemodynamic disorders in the affected limb.The study aim was to evaluate mini-invasive revascularization operations effectiveness on the lower limbs peripheral arteries in neuro-ischemic and ischemic diabetic foot syndrome forms.

Materials and methods: The study enrolled 104 patients with purulent-necrotic complications of diabetic foot syndrome. 54 (51.9%) patients underwent stenting and balloon angioplasty (the main group). The comparison group included 50 (48.1%) patients, undergoing indirect revascularization surgeries in complex treatment.

Results and discussion:After endovascular interventions, the API index increased by 47.6% (p<0.01) after 20 days compared to the admission index, the average blood flow rate increased by 1.8 times (p<0.01), and the tPo2 value improved by 67.8% (p<0.01). In the control group, the tPo2 value increased by 40.3% after 20 days, and API – by 34.4%. In the main group, the swelling disappearance in the foot wounds area was by 3.7±0.5 days faster (p<0.001), wounds purification by 4.1 days (p<0.001), granulation appearance by 3.5±0.4 days (p<0.001), wound margins infiltration disappearance happened 3.3±0.9 days earlier (p<0.001), and the wound epithelization was 2.9 days earlier (p<0.01) than in the control group patients.

Conclusion: Foot support function at discharge from hospital was preserved in 94.4% of the main group and in 84% of the control group.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.817-825
Study of genetic variability of umbilical cord blood using RAPD assay
Authors: Miah Md Faruque , Rahaman Md Shad Ebna , Chowdhury Sanjana Fatema , Mahmud Mohammad Golam Rob
Published: June 2021

Background: The genetic variability of Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) is most important for newborn screening, therapeutic possibility of haematological disorders as well as for the establishment of cord blood banking and stem cell research.

Method: Genetic variability of umbilical cord blood (UCB) of 22 human subjects was evaluated first time by applying Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay using six decamar primers (B-14, OPB-05, OPB-08, OPB-12, OPB-19 and UBC-122).

Result: A total number of bands were recorded 312 from 116 polymorphic loci and single monomorphic locus. All the markers showed highest polymorphism (100%) except the primer OPB 08 (92.31%) among tested individuals. The genetic distance was observed with highest 1.0 and lowest 0.72 respectively whereas mean genetic distance was recorded 0.90. Considering Shannon-Wiener index average diversity was recorded 0.139365. The mean Nei genetic similarity was found 0.17 which was found opposition to genetic distances. A phylogenetic relationship among the individual subjects was also observed between the linkage distances of 11 to 27 with 8 clades, 3 subclusters and a cluster. In addition, average allele frequency p and q was observed 0.08156 and 0.948751 respectively whereas highest intra locus gene diversity and average gene diversity were found 3.323817 and 0.144572 respectively.

Conclusion: Considering different parameters, higher genetic variability was found among the experimental subjects, probably due to the mixture DNA of parents and newborn.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.848-854
Obesity in relation to clinical, endocrine and metabolic parameters in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: the South Asian perspective
Authors: Ishrat Shakeela , Hossain Marufa
Published: June 2021

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5-10% of reproductive age women and it is a common cause of infertility in young women. Most of the infertile women with PCOS are overweight or obese. Obesity or excess fat aggravates the endocrine and metabolic dysfunction in women with PCOS. Weight management is the first line measure advised to infertile PCOS women who are overweight or obese. The objective of the study was to explore the association of obesity with the clinical, endocrine and metabolic parameters in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome in Bangladesh.

Methodology: This was a cross sectional study of 126 consecutive infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome attending the Infertility unit of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from January 2017 to December 2017.Obesity groups were defined by BMI thresholds specific for the South Asian population.

Results: The mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.58±3.18 kg/m2and mean waist circumference was 91.07±9.5 cm. There was highly significant association of obesity with waist circumference and fasting insulin. BMI at or above 25kg/m2 was significantly associated with acanthosis nigricans, hyperandrogenemia and hyperinsulinemia, whereas BMI at or more than 23kg/m2 was significantly associated, in addition, with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion: Obesity is associated with hyperandrogenemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.864-870