bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polynucleotides High Purification Technology (PN HPTTM) Injection Improves Pain Status and Functional Impairment in Tendinitis Patients
Authors: Gervaso Paolo , Minale Massimiliano , Funel Niccola
Published: November 2024

Background: Tendinopathy is the preferred term to describe various tendon pathologies, including paratendinitis, tendinitis, and tendinosis in the absence of histopathological evidence in biopsy specimens. The management of tendinopathies is challenging. Rest, physiotherapy, such as eccentric training, injections, shock waves, orthotics, medical therapy, and surgery are the main therapeutic options offered to the patient. Conservative treatment of tendinopathies is still difficult, but several options have been attempted, including anti-inflammatory molecules. Methods: A retrospective data analysis concerning the application of Polynucleotides High Purification Technology (PN HPTTM) in 47 patients with tendinitis were analyzed. All patients received 3 bi-weekly injections of PN HPTTM (T0-T2). Follow-up visits were performed at T3 (8 weeks from T2) and T4 (24 weeks from T2). Both the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain assessment and functional impairment (FI) scores, were processed in anonymized form for clinical improvement evaluations. Results: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) were found for pain reduction (-85%), FI improvement (+86%) at the end of treatments. The level of patient satisfaction (PS) and clinician global improvement-impression (CGI-I) were equal to 93% and 98%, respectively. Analyses of other patient data (e.g., gender, age, and BMI) did not appear to influence treatment benefits. Conclusions: The application of High Purification Technology (PN HPTTM) has been shown to affect both pain and functional deterioration in patients with tendonitis in a similar manner to other conservative treatments. These retrospective analyses may open a new window on conservative approaches for patients with tendinitis.
A Mathematical Model to Study Defensive Metrics in Football: Individual, Collective and Game Pressures
Authors: Calabuig Jose M. , Catalán César , García-Raffi L.M. , Sánchez-Pérez E.A.
Published: November 2024

Performance analysis, utilizing video technology and recent technological advancements in soccer stadiums, provides a wealth of data, including player trajectories and real-time game statistics, which are crucial for tactical evaluation and decision-making by coaches and players. This data allows for the definition of metrics that not only enriches the experience for soccer fans through enhanced visual displays, but also empowers coaching staff and managers to make informed, real-time decisions that directly impact match outcomes. Ultimately, it serves as a pivotal tool for improving team strategy based on comprehensive post-match data analysis. In this article, we present a mathematical model to study the concept of pressure between players and, subsequently, between teams. We first explore the concept in a fixed frame of a match, determining what we call {\sl influence areas} between players. We introduce the unit pressure function and analyze the total number of pressure interactions. Then, we apply these concepts to football matches, considering various factors such as players and the radius of the area of influence, examining pressure efficiency through mean unitary pressure. Lastly, a real case study is presented, showcasing visualizations like a heatmap matrix displaying individual and collective pressure, as well as team pressure balance.
Environmental Degradation in GCC: Role of ICT Development, Trade, FDI, and Energy Use"
Authors: Brahmia Samira Youssef , Mannai Sonia
Published: November 2024

This research examines how Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development, economic growth, trade openness, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows, and electricity consumption influence environmental degradation in GCC countries from 1990 to 2022. Using panel data analysis, the study finds that ICT expansion and increased electricity consumption significantly contribute to higher CO2 emissions, exacerbating environmental degradation. Economic growth follows the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) pattern, where environmental harm initially increases with growth but can decline as economies diversify and adopt cleaner technologies. Trade openness and FDI inflows, particularly in resource-intensive industries; also contribute to environmental degradation, supporting the pollution haven hypothesis. However, these factors present opportunities for sustainable development if paired with stricter environmental regulations and cleaner technology adoption. The study highlights the need for GCC policymakers to prioritize renewable energy investments, enforce stronger environmental policies, and promote energy efficiency to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability. Recommendations for future research include exploring other environmental factors and assessing the role of technological innovations in reducing emissions.
Local Energy Minima and Density of Energy Barriers in Dense Clusters of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Gorn Natalia L. , Semenova Elena K. , Berkov Dmitry
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we focus on the properties of local energy minima and energy barriers in immobilized dense clusters of magnetic nanoparticles. Understanding of these features is highly interesting both for the fundamental physics of disordered systems with the long-range interparticle interaction and for numerous applications of modern ferrofluids consisting of such clusters. In particular, it is needed to predict the ac-susceptibility of these systems and their magnetization relaxation after a sudden change of the external field, because both processes occur via the magnetization jumps over energy barriers that separate the energy minima. Due to the exponential increase of the corresponding jump time with the barrier height direct Langevin dynamics simulations of this process are not feasible. For this reason, we have developed efficient numerical methods both for finding as many energy minima as possible and for the reliable evaluation of energy barriers between them. Our results for the distribution of overlaps between the local energy minima imply that there is no spin-glass state in such clusters even when they consist of particles with a small anisotropy. Further, we show that the distributions of energy barrier heights are qualitatively different for clusters of particles with small, intermediate and large anisotropies, what has important consequences for the magnetization dynamics of these systems.
Online High-Definition Map Construction for Autonomous Vehicles: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Lyu Hongyu , Berrio Perez Julie Stephany , Huang Yaoqi , Li Kunming , Shan Mao , Worrall Stewart
Published: November 2024

High-Definition (HD) maps aim to provide comprehensive road information with centimeter-level accuracy, essential for precise navigation and safe operation of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs). Traditional offline construction methods involve multiple complex steps—such as data collection, point cloud map generation, and feature extraction—which not only incur high costs but also struggle to adapt to the rapid changes in dynamic environments. In contrast, the online construction method utilizes onboard sensor data to dynamically generate local HD maps, providing a bird’s-eye view (BEV) representation of the surrounding road environment. This approach has the potential for superior scalability and adaptability, enabling more effective responses to the ever-evolving road conditions. In this survey, we examine the latest advancements in online HD map construction, aiming to bridge the gaps in existing literature. We analyze key advancements, methodologies, advantages, and disadvantages, along with future research directions.
Heritability and Genome-Wide Association Study of Dog Behavioral Phenotypes in a Commercial Breeding Cohort
Authors: Bhowmik Nayan , Cook Shawna R. , Croney Candace , Barnard Shanis , Romaniuk Aynsley C. , Ekenstedt Kari J.
Published: November 2024

Background: Canine behavior plays an important role in the success of the human-dog relationship and the dog's overall welfare, making selection for behavior a vital part of any breeding program. While behaviors are complex traits determined by gene × environment interactions, genetic selection for desirable behavioral phenotypes remains possible. Methods: No genomic association studies of dog behavior to date have been reported on a commercial breeding (CB) cohort, therefore, we utilized dogs from these facilities (n = 615 dogs). Behavioral testing followed previously validated protocols, resulting in three phenotypes/variables [Social fear (SF), Non-social fear (NSF), and Startle Response (SR)]. Dogs were genotyped on the 710K Affymetrix Axiom CanineHD SNP array. Results: Inbreeding coefficients indicated that dogs from CB facilities are statistically less inbred than dogs originating from other breeding sources. Heritability estimates for behavioral phenotypes ranged from 0.042 ± 0.045 to 0.354 ± 0.111. Genome-wide association analysis identified genetic loci associated with SF, NSF, and SR; genes near many of these loci have been previously associated with behavioral phenotypes in other populations of dogs. Finally, genetic risk scores demonstrated differences between dogs that were more or less fearful in response to test stimuli, suggesting that these behaviors could be subjected to genetic improvement. Conclusions: This study confirms several canine genetic behavioral loci identified in previous studies. It also demonstrates that inbreeding coefficients of dogs in CB facilities are typically lower than those in dogs originating from other breeding sources. SF and NSF were more heritable than SR. Risk allele and weighted risk scores suggest that fearful behaviors could be subjected to genetic improvement.
Reimagining Life. Emergent Complexity from Non-Living to Living
Authors: Dodig-Crnkovic Gordana
Published: November 2024

The development of naturalistic approaches to complexity of life continues a lineage of thought from Prigogine’s thermodynamics to contemporary complexity science. The paper highlights the central themes of self-organization, emergence, and the interplay between physical, informational, and biological processes. Prigogine’s concept of dissipative structures and irreversibility provided a foundation for understanding complexity in physical systems, which later expanded into biology through Kauffman’s models of creativity and evolution. Margulis's endosymbiosis theory illuminate the cooperative dynamics underpinning life’s complexity, while Walker's work integrates thermodynamics and information theory to bridge the gap between chemistry and biology through multiscale interactions and adaptive dynamics. By synthesizing these perspectives, this article situates life as an emergent phenomenon shaped by interactions across scales, proposing a unified framework for understanding complexity in the natural world.
Performance and Prediction of Reference Evapotranspiration Using Seven Alternative Methods, in the State of Sinaloa, Mexico
Authors: Cárdenas Omar Llanes , Campos Mariano Norzagaray , González Ernestina Pérez , Díaz Jeován A. Ávila , Galaviz Marco A. Arciniega , Gaxiola Alberto , Parra Galaviz Román Edén
Published: November 2024

Predicting reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is essential for calculating crop water requirements, especially when available data are limited. The goal was to evaluate the daily performance of seven alternative ETo methods (EToalti) and to predict annual accumulated ETo with the standard method of Penman–Monteith with limited data (EToPMP), in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico. From the National Water Commission and the National Meteorological Service (CONAGUA-SMN), daily data were obtained from 11 weather stations in Sinaloa for 1969–2018: maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and evaporation (Eva). Also, from the San Juan CONAGUA–SMN weather station, the following were obtained: wind speed, mean temperature, incident solar radiation, atmospheric pressure, and relative humidity. The seven EToalti calculated were Romanenko (EToRo), Priestley–Taylor (EToPT), McGuinness and Bordne (EToMB), Hargreaves (EToH75), pan Eva (EToTE), Hargreaves (EToH85), and Oudin (EToOu). Daily mean ETo of the data-limited Penman–Monteith method (EToPM) was calculated. The mean absolute error (MAE) and the root mean square error (RMSE) between EToPM and the seven EToalti were calculated. Using multiple linear and nonlinear regressions, EToPMP (dependent variable) was predicted using the seven EToalti (independent variables). In general, the EToalti with the best performance are EToTE (MAE from 0.360 mm day–1 to 2.294 mm day–1 and RMSE from 0.594 mm day−1 to 3.094 mm day–1). The EToalti least recommended are EToMB (MAE from 2.254 mm day−1 to 3.484 mm day–1 and RMSE from 2.948 mm day–1 to 4.437 mm day–1). EToPT was the only EToalti that contributed to the explanation of all models of EToPMP. This study provides mathematical models that can help make agricultural irrigation more efficient in the state considered “the breadbasket of Mexico.”
Association Between Chlamydia trachomatis and Helicobacter pylori with Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectionel Study
Authors: Alpay Çağlar Yeşim , Islimye Taskin Mine
Published: November 2024

Objective: Chronic systemic inflammation has been suggested to play a role in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum Chlamydia trachomatis and Helicobacter pylori infection and inflammatory processes in patients with PCOS and healthy controls and to analyse the factors associated with PCOS.
Ma¬terials and Methods: This comparative cross-sectional clinical study was conducted at Balıkesir University Hospital and included 40 female patients diagnosed with PCOS in the gynaecology and obstetrics clinic and 40 healthy female controls. Demographic data were recorded. Blood hormone profiles and biochemical parameters were analyzed. A tube of blood was taken from the PCOS and control groups and analyzed in a biochemistry tube for H. pylori IgG and Clamidydia trachomatis IgG. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent test kit was used to measure H. pylori IgG and Clamidydia trachomatis IgG.
Results: Diabetes mellitus and BMI were significantly associated with PCOS (p=0.005;p=0.000). Smoking rate was significantly higher in the control group than PCOS (p=0.036). Compared with the control group; BMI, LH, HOMA-IR, CRP, TSH, TG were significantly higher in subjects with PCOS (p=004;p=00;p=001;p=043;p=000), FSH in subjects with PCOS was lower than that in the controls (p=001). There was no significant association between the PCOS and non-PCOS groups with regard to the presence of Helicobacter pylori IgG (p=0.1) and Clamidydia trachomatis IgG (p=0.338).
Conclusions: Abdominal obesity, oxidative stress endothelial dysfunction and gut microbiota have been shown to cause chronic low-grade inflammation, and chronic inflammation contributes to the processes leading to the metabolic and hormonal disorders of PCOS. Whether infections contribute to polycystic ovary syndrome has not yet been sufficiently clarified. However, regardless of infections, PCOS is characterized by chronic nonspecific low-grade inflammation.
Topological Insights into Embryogenesis: Linking Germ Layer Derivations to Shared Pathologies
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: November 2024

During early embryogenesis, the trilaminar germ layers—ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm—undergo complex topological transformations and molecular interactions that define tissue differentiation. The ectoderm, which gives rise to the central nervous system and epidermis, exhibits developmental pathways closely tied to morphogenetic gradients and folding dynamics. This study explores how shared topological features and signalling pathways across germ layers can generate resembling pathologies under comparable disruptions, such as neurocutaneous syndromes and craniofacial anomalies. By integrating concepts from developmental biology and topological data analysis, this work provides a theoretical framework to understand the intersection of embryonic topology and disease etiology, offering insights into novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Micellar-Choline-Acetyltransferase Complexes Exhibit Ultra-Boosted Catalytic Rate for Acetylcholine Synthesis – Mechanistic Insights for Development of Acetylcholine-Enhancing Micellar Nanotherapeutics
Authors: Dante Davide , Jangra Jatin , Baidya Anurag TK , Kumar Rajnish , Darreh-Shori Taher
Published: November 2024

Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) is the key cholinergic enzyme, responsible for biosynthesis of acetylcholine (ACh), a crucial signaling molecule with both canonical neurotransmitter function and the auto- and paracrine signaling activity in non-neuronal cells, like lymphocytes and astroglia. Cholinergic dysfunction is linked to both neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases. In this study we investigated a serendipitous observation, namely that catalytic rate of human recombinant ChAT (rhChAT) protein greatly differed in buffered solution in presence and absence of Triton X-100 (TX100). At single concentration of 0.05%(v/v), TX100 boosted the specific activity of rhChAT by 4-folds. Dose-response analysis within a TX100 concentration range of 0.8% to 0.008% (accounting for 13.7mM to 0.013mM) resulted in an S-shaped response-curve, indicative of over 10-folds boost in catalytic rate of rhChAT. This dramatic boost was unlikely due to a mere structural stabilization since it remained even after addition of 1.0 mg/mL gelatin to the ChAT solution as a protein stabilizer. Furthermore, we found that the catalytic function of the ACh-degrading enzyme, AChE, was unaffected by TX100, underscoring specificity of the effect for ChAT. Examination of the dose-response curve in relation to the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of TX100 revealed that the boost in ChAT activity occurred when the TX100 concentration passed its CMC, indicating that formation of micelle-ChAT complexes was crucial. We challenged this hypothesis by repeating the experiment on Tween-20 (TW20), another non-ionic surfactant with ~3-folds lower CMC compared to TX100 (0.06 vs 0.2mM). The analysis confirmed that micelle formation is crucial for ultra-boosting the activity of ChAT. In-silico molecular dynamic simulation supported the notion of ChAT-micelle complex formation. We hypothesize that TX100 or TW20 micelles, by mimicking cell-membrane microenvironments, facilitate ChAT in accessing its full catalytic potential by fine-tuning its structural stabilization and/or enhancing its substrate accessibility. These insights is expected to facilitate research toward development of new cholinergic-enhancing therapeutics through formulation of micelle-embedded ChAT nanoparticle.
The Trendy Anomalous Aortic Origin of the Coronaries, Should We Start Revising the Pre-Participation Guidelines?
Authors: AbdelMassih Antoine , George Acsah , Siddiqui Ariba , Baby Christina , Thomas Irene , Naira Meenakshi , Althaf Zahra
Published: November 2024

Anomalous aortic origin has become in the last few years the subject of many reports, it is suggested that it is the second most common cause of sudden death among young athletes and school children. Most of patients, will remain asymptomatic until, ischemia is triggered by intense physical activity inducing myocardial hypoperfusion, with subsequent syncope, chest pain or sudden cardiac death. The asymptomatic nature of this anomaly means that even 12-lead electrocardiogram at rest, will miss the diagnosis, which might mandate adding echocardiography or stress-ECG to the guidelines of preparticipation screening.
Supply Chain Sustainability Drivers: Identification and Multi-criteria Assessment
Authors: Osintsev Nikita , Rakhmangulov Aleksandr
Published: November 2024

Supply chains operate under the changing influences of multiple external and internal factors. Sustainable supply chain development requires an assessment of these factors, as well as drivers and barriers. The authors' analysis of supply chain research has not found a universally accepted methodology for selecting harmonized implementation of methods and instruments for designing sustainable supply chains, as well as assessing sustainability. Various sustainability assessment criteria, methods, and models based on the consideration of the influence of different factors are used depending on the type and structure of the supply chain. This study proposes a system of drivers for sustainable supply chain development. The peculiarity of the used supply chain model is the universality of its structure, which ensures the realization by the structural elements of the chain of all known functional areas of logistics. A framework for sustainable supply chain drivers' multi-criteria assessment based on the use of the original two-level system of drivers' assessment criteria is developed. The combination of DEMATEL and CRADIS multi-criteria methods is applied to rank the efficiency of drivers for achieving sustainable development goals, both for the supply chain as a whole and for each of its structural elements. The results of the supply chain sustainability drivers' ranking and the framework developed by the authors are intended to justify decisions on the green logistics methods and instruments selection.
Forecasting and Intervention Time Series Analysis Using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Models: Evaluating the impact of 2018 and 2021 Rift Valley Fever Outbreaks on Kenyan food Price Index
Authors: Mulwa Damaris , KAZUZURU BENEDICTO , Misinzo Gerald , Bett Benard
Published: November 2024

The Rift Valley fever (RVF) disease, a climate-sensitive zoonosis, causes 100% abortions and death in infected animals. This shock has an immediate impact on food prices, particularly for animal-sourced foods. This study used an Interrupted Time Series (ITS) approach and an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to assess the effects of economic disruptions, specifically the RVF outbreak on Kenya's food price index during two consecutive RVF outbreaks in 2018 and 2021. Data from several Kenyan cities, including Nairobi, Kisumu, Eldoret, and Mombasa, were analyzed to identify inflation trends across different markets. The findings show significant price index fluctuations, with inflation escalating following critical intervention periods, particularly during the outbreak. The ARIMA model successfully identified these changes, highlighting the distinct effects across all regions, with some areas exhibiting significant forecasting inaccuracies. This analysis generates new knowledge, provides critical insights into market dynamics, and presents a predictive framework for dealing with future economic disruptions in Kenya and elsewhere. Policymakers can use these findings to create targeted strategies for stabilizing food prices and ensuring economic resilience.
The Special Hydrated Iron Oxyhydroxide for Catalyzing Persulfate to Control the Chemical Wastewater Contained Fluoranthene, Phenanthrene and Pyrene
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Wang Weiqian , Liu Fenwu , Wang Qingyue , Wu Shangrong
Published: November 2024

Water pollution caused by fluoranthene (FLN), phenanthrene (Phe), and pyrene (Pyr) has become an increasingly serious issue in recent years. Consequently, finding effective methods to remove these pollutants from aquatic environments is of paramount importance. This study investigated the removal of FLN, Phe, and Pyr from simulated wastewater using persulfate (PS) and explored the effects of PS catalyzed by three different forms of schwertmannite (sch): sch-1, sch-2, and sch@BC (schwertmannite-biochar composite). Results showed varying removal rates after a 1-hour reaction time for different treatments: For FLN: sch-1+PS (98.5%), sch-2+PS (54.2%), sch@BC+PS (21.1%), and PS alone (14.8%). For Phe: sch-1+PS (94.3%), sch-2+PS (44.1%), sch@BC+PS (28.4%), and PS alone (7.6%). For Pyr: sch-1+PS (97.2%), sch-2+PS (52.5%), sch@BC+PS (14.2%), and PS alone (1.7%). Among the catalysts tested, sch-2 (added 0.36 mL H2O2 five times) demonstrated excellent catalytic ability in enhancing PS removal of FLN, Phe, and Pyr. This research provides theoretical support for treating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-containing wastewater via persulfate oxidation catalyzed by schwertmannite.
Ficus pumila L. Improves Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia After COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Gonda Kenji , Suzuki Kouichi , Hai Takeshi , Tigusa Takashi , Ozaki Akihiko , Shimmura Hiroaki , Takenoshita Seiichi , Maejima Yuko , Shimomura Kenju
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: The development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and its associated symptoms is recognized as one of the complications of COVID-19 infection. Polyphenols have so far been extracted from Ficus pumila L. leaves, stems and fruits, and these bioactive compounds exhibit multiple therapeutic activities.; (2) Methods: In this study, we focused on Ficus pumila L. in Okinawa area of Japan, to treat prostate related post-COVID-19 symptoms. Ficus pumila L. extract administration improved lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in BPH patients.; (3) Results: After one month of infection treatment, 61 out of 89 COVID-19 infected patients were diagnosed with BPH showed high prostate specific antigen (PSA) level (10.7±4.4 ng/mL), international prostate symptom score (IPSS) (27.8 ± 6.4), IPSS quality of life (QoL) (4.1±1.1) and postvoiding residual urine (PVR) (176.9±10.7ml), while voiding volume (179.4 ± 23.7 ml) being low. Of the 61 patients, 42 patients who received Ficus pumila L. extract for 6 months significantly improved values of: PSA (3.7±1.9 ng/ml), IPSS (10.6±5.2), IPSS QoL (1.5±1.2), PVR (98.3±30.5ml), and the voiding volume (339.8 ± 47.1ml).; (4) Conclusions: Ficus pumila L. extracts may ameliorate exacerbation of LUTS in COVID-19 patients and may have some utility against prostate disease.
Engaging Primary Care Professionals and Patients in the Design of PrediabeText, a Multifaceted Digital Intervention Aimed at Preventing Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Serrano-Ripoll Maria Jesús , Zamanillo-Campos Rocío , Mira-Martínez Sofía , Fiol-deRoque Maria Antònia , Malih Narges , Angullo-Martínez Escarlata , Ricci-Cabello Ignacio
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study aims to explore perspectives and opinions from healthcare professionals and people at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to inform the design of PREDIABETEXT, a new digital multifaceted intervention to prevent T2DM. Methods: in this qualitative study, we purposefully recruited 15 healthcare professionals (doctors and nurses) working in primary healthcare centers in Mallorca (Spain), and 15 of their patients at risk of T2DM (HbA1c 6%-6.4%, and/or fasting plasma glucose 110-125 mg/dl). We collected the data through semi-structured phone interviews, using an interview guide aimed at gathering participants’ views about the two PREDIABETEXT proposed co-interventions (educational intervention targeted to professionals and delivered as an online training course, and; behavioral intervention targeted to patients and delivered using SMS short text messages). The interviews were audio-recorded, verbatim transcribed and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Results: Primary healthcare professionals valued a prediabetes training course for standardizing care and supporting diabetes prevention. They preferred a blended format with content on early detection, intervention, and monitoring. They perceived SMS reminders to their patients as potentially useful for reinforcing guidelines and improving care. Patients, who faced challenges maintaining a healthy diet and exercise routine, viewed SMS as potentially motivational and informative, offering suggestions on content, format, and frequency to enhance its intended benefits. Conclusions: This qualitative study provided valuable insights from primary care professionals and patients that will inform the user-centered design of the PREDIABETEXT intervention.
An Energy Modulation Interrogation Technique for Monitoring the Adhesive Joint Integrity Using the Full Spectral Response of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors
Authors: Shin Chow-Shing , Lin Tzu-Chieh , Huang Shun-Hsuan
Published: November 2024

Despite being superior to conventional bolt, rivet, and weld joining in many aspects, adhesive joining has the serious limitation that its bondline integrity is difficult to assess. If remains undetected, fabrication defects and in-service damages in the joint may eventually develop into catastrophic failure. Available non-destructive examination (NDE) methods to detect defects are helpful in discovering defective joints during fabrication. For long-term monitoring of joint integrity, many of these NDE techniques are prohibitively expensive and time-consuming to carry out. A number of techniques suitable for long-term joint integrity monitoring have been proposed. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors embedded in the joint are one of the promising candidates. It has the advantages of being close to the damage, and immune to environmental attack and electromagnetic interference. Damage and disbonding inside an adhesive joint will give rise to a non-uniform strain field that may bring about peak splitting and chirping of the FBG spectrum. It has been shown that the evolution of the full spectral responses can closely reveal the development of damages inside the adhesive joints during tensile and fatigue failures. However, recording and comparing the successive full spectra in the course of damage is tedious and can be subjective. An energy modulation interrogation technique is proposed using a pair of tunable optical filters. Changes in the full FBG spectral responses are modulated by the filters and converted into a conveniently measurable voltage output by photodiodes. Monitoring damage development can then be easily automated, and the technique is well-suited for practical applications. The technique will be demonstrated on a number of adhesive lap-joint tensile specimens. The parameters of the set-up configuration that may affect the sensitivity and accuracy of the interrogation will be examined.
Bacterial Foodborne Diseases in Central America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review
Authors: Severino Nicole , Reyes Claudia , Fernandez Yumeris , Azevedo Vasco Ariston de Carvalho , De Francisco Luis Enrique Rodríguez , Ramos Rommel Thiago , Maroto-Martín Luis Orlando , Franco De Los Santos Edian Franklin
Published: November 2024

Foodborne diseases (FBD) represent a significant public health concern, particularly in regions like Central America and the Caribbean (CAC), where surveillance gaps due to lack of resources, knowledge and technical abilities, hinder control over outbreaks. This review investigates the bacterial pathogens responsible for FBD, their prevalence, challenges in management, and strategies for prevention. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, focusing on bacterial FBD in CAC from 2000 to 2024. PubMed and Google Scholar were used as primary databases, supported by other sources to identify relevant studies. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies focusing on bacterial pathogens, prevalence, risk factors, and surveillance practices. Out of 509 studies initially identified, 35 met the inclusion criteria. The most prevalent pathogens were Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., and Aliarcobacter spp., with contamination often associated with poultry, eggs, and vegetables. Key challenges included inadequate surveillance systems, limited resources, and inconsistent reporting practices. Greater investment in pathogen monitoring, documentation, and education, along with the use of technologies like whole-genome sequencing (WGS), is crucial. Institutional and governmental funding is vital to improve surveillance and strengthen risk analysis across the region.
Antilithiasic Potential of Herniaria hirsuta and Plantago albicans Extracts: Litholytic Effects and Their Use in Algerian Traditional Medicine
Authors: NAZIM BELLIFA , Aicha LARDJANI , Amal Helali , Ismail BENHADDOU , Yassine MERAD , Ahmed OUGHILAS , Mustapha Kamel DALIYAHIA
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground: Urolithiasis, or kidney stone disease, is a prevalent and recurrent condition with significant healthcare implications. Conventional treatments, including pharmacological and surgical interventions, are often costly, have side effects, and face limitations. Traditional medicine offers a complementary approach, with plants like Herniaria hirsuta and Plantago albicans historically used for their diuretic and antilithiasic properties.Objective: This study evaluates the antilithiasic potential of aqueous extracts from Herniaria hirsuta and Plantago albicans, focusing on their ability to dissolve kidney stones in vitro.Methods: The plants were harvested from the Tessala region of Algeria and identified through botanical and microscopic analyses. Aqueous extracts were prepared by decoction, and their phytochemical profiles were assessed for bioactive compounds like flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, and saponins. Dissolution tests were conducted on kidney stones collected from patients, with their composition confirmed via FT-IR spectroscopy. Weight loss of the stones after exposure to the extracts was measured to calculate dissolution rates.Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and coumarins in both extracts, with saponins predominantly abundant in Herniaria hirsuta. FT-IR analysis identified various stone compositions, including uric acid, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, cystine, and struvite. The extracts exhibited significant litholytic activity, with Herniaria hirsuta showing a pronounced effect on cystine, uric acid, and calcium oxalate stones, while Plantago albicans was most effective on cystine and struvite stones.Conclusion: The findings support the traditional use of Herniaria hirsuta and Plantago albicans in managing urolithiasis. Their efficacy, particularly in dissolving cystine and uric acid stones, highlights their potential as cost-effective and natural therapeutic alternatives to conventional treatments. Further in vivo studies are warranted to validate these results and explore their clinical applications.
Scoping Review of Triage Modifications to Emergency Medical Care in Hospitals Post-COVID-19
Authors: Nash Carol
Published: November 2024

Post-COVID-19 produced significant triage modification in emergency hospital medical care. Previous scoping reviews investigated triage changes during COVID-19. This scoping review is novel in considering the post-pandemic effects. It searches the parameters “COVID-19, triage, hospital, emergency medical care” in four primary databases, one register, and a supplementary database to determine the range of emergency hospital triage changes. Following PRISMA guidelines, those studies included are post-2023 publications, those in English, and research studies. Excluded were duplicates, reviews, books, and reports lacking research studies or including irrelevant information on COVID-19, triage, hospital, or emergency medical care. Identified are 1,071 records: OVID (n = 20), PubMed (n = 2), Scopus (n = 46), Web of Science (n = 20), Cochrane COVID-19 Register (n = 18), and Google Scholar (n = 965). The studies included are six. Web of Science (n = 1) and Google Scholar (n = 5). One study includes reports from six different countries—thus, the reports were 11. The modification of triage was concerning four ways, with each country focusing on a specific triage change. Adaptive changes were proactive rather than reactive. The suggestions for future research include considering the four triage aspects, additional international comparisons, and longitudinal triage change.
Fabrication of Black Silicon Antireflection Coatings to Enhance Light Harvesting in Photovoltaics
Authors: Dhoska Klodian , Spaho Evjola , Sinani Uljan
Published: November 2024

Black silicon has attracted significant interest for various engineering applications, including solar cells, due to its ability to create highly absorbent surfaces or interfaces for light. It enhances light absorption in crystalline solar cells, improving the conversion efficiency of incident light into electricity for photovoltaic applications. This research focuses on fabricating nanostructures that play a critical role in enhancing light absorption on the upper layers of solar cells. These nanostructures were created using the black silicon method, forming a layer known as "black silicon." The coating not only improved the efficiency of crystalline solar cells but also enhanced their stability. The antireflection coating, composed of nanostructures with various shapes including conical, pillar-like, and spike-like forms achieved a reflectivity as low as 10% in the spectral range of 400–700 nm. This corresponded to a sample with α = 0.85 in 4W. An Inductively Coupled Plasma Reactive Ion Etching (ICP RIE) machine was employed to develop and control the specific shape, size, and density of the fabricated black silicon, which was then subjected to testing.
A comparative Plant Growth Study of a Sprayable degradable Polyester-urethane-urea mulch and two commercial plastic mulches
Authors: Borrowman Cuyler K , Little Karen , Adhikari Raju , Saito Kei , Gordon Stuart , Patti Antonio
Published: November 2024

The practice in agriculture of spreading polyethylene (PE) sheets over the soil surface as a mulch is a common, global practice that aids in conserving water, increasing crop yields, suppressing weed growth and decreasing growing time. However, these PE sheets are typically only used for a single growing season, and thus their use comes with some serious environmental consequences, particularly when retrieval and disposal options are poor. To maintain the crop productivity afforded by PE mulching while avoiding the environmental downsides, the development and use of biodegradable polymer technologies is being explored. Here the efficacy of a newly developed (by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, CSIRO), water dispersible, sprayable degradable polyester-urethane-urea (PEUU) based polymer was compared with two commercial PE mulches in a greenhouse tomato growth trial. The water savings efficacy, effect on plant growth, and effect on some soil characteristics were studied. It was found that the PEUU provided similar water savings to the commercial PE mulches, while showing no deleterious effects on plant growth. The results here should be taken as preliminary indications that the sprayable, biodegradable PEUU shows promise as a replacement for PE mulch with further studies under outside field conditions warranted.
Rising Concern About the Carcinogenetic Role of Micro‐Nanoplastics
Authors: Ruggieri Lorenzo , Amato Ottavia , Marrazzo Cristina , Nebuloni Manuela , Dalu Davide , Cona Maria Silvia , Gambaro Anna , Rulli Eliana , La Verde Nicla
Published: November 2024

In the last years, awareness has grown regarding micro-nanoplastics (MNPs) effects on human health. Despite a large body of evidence about the origin and distribution of MNPs in the environment, knowledge regarding their impact on human health remains limited. In this context, there is a significant need to address the potential carcinogenic risk of MNPs, both intrinsic and mediated by their ability to transport carcinogenic chemicals. Currently, evidence of carcinogenicity of MNPs is scarce and heterogeneous, but the reported increase in the incidence of malignant tumors among younger populations, together with the increasing environmental abundance of MNPs, is rising a global concern about the possible role of MNPs in the induction and promotion of cancer. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current evidence regarding MNPs in terms of eco-toxicological evidence, methods for identification and characterization of environmental particulate, and health-associated risks, particularly for cancer development. In addition, we will suggest possible routes for future research in order to unravel the carcinogenetic potential of MNP exposure and to dissect prognostic and preventive implications of intratumoral MNPs.
Downscaling of Remote Sensing Soil Moisture Products That Integrate Microwave and Optical Data
Authors: Wang Jie , Xue Huazhu , Dong Guotao , Yuan Qian , Zhang Ruirui , Jing Runsheng
Published: November 2024

Soil moisture is a key variable that affects ecosystem carbon and water cycles and that can
directly affect climate change. Remote sensing is the best way to obtain global soil moisture data.
Currently, soil moisture remote sensing products have coarse spatial resolution, which limits their
application in agriculture, the ecological environment, and urban planning. Soil moisture
downscaling methods rely mainly on optical data. Affected by weather, the spatial discontinuity of
optical data has a greater impact on the downscaling results. The synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
backscatter coefficient is strongly correlated with soil moisture. This study was based on the Google
Earth Engine (GEE) platform, integrates Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
optical and SAR backscattering coefficients, uses machine learning methods to downscale the soil
moisture product, reducing the original soil moisture with a resolution of 10 km to 1 km and 100 m.
The downscaling results were verified using in situ soil moisture observation data from the
Shandian River and Wudaoliang. The results show that in the two study areas, the downscaling
results after adding SAR backscattering coefficients are better than before. In Shandian River, the R
increases from 0.28 to 0.42. In Wudaoliang, the R increases from 0.54 to 0.70. The RMSEs are
0.03(cm3/cm3). The downscaled soil moisture products play an important role in water resource
management, natural disaster monitoring, ecological and environmental protection, and other fields.
In the monitoring and management of natural disasters such as droughts and floods, it can provide
key information support for decision makers and help formulate more effective emergency response
plans. During droughts, affected areas can be identified in a timely manner, and the allocation and
scheduling of water resources can be optimized, thereby reducing agricultural losses.
Characterization and Biomedical Applications of Electrospun PHBV Scaffolds Derived from Organic Residues
Authors: Jin Anyi , Pérez Germán , Ilarduya Antxon Martínez de , Valle Luis J. del , Puiggalí Jordi
Published: November 2024

This study explores the characterization and application of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) synthesized from organic residues, specifically milk and molasses. Six PHBV samples with varying 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) content (7%, 15%, and 32%) were analyzed to assess how 3HV composition influences their properties. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including NMR, FTIR, XRD, DSC, TGA, and tensile-stress test, were used to evaluate the molecular structure, thermal properties, crystalline structure, and mechanical behavior. Selected PHBV samples were fabricated into nanofibrous scaffolds via electrospinning, with uniform fibers successfully produced after parameter optimization. The electrospun scaffolds were further analyzed using DSC, GPC, and SEM. Biological evaluations, including cytotoxicity, in vitro drug release, and antibacterial activity tests, were also conducted. The results indicate that the electrospun PHBV scaffolds are biocompatible and exhibit promising properties for biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and drug delivery. This study demonstrates the potential of using organic residues to produce high-value biopolymers with tailored properties for specific applications.
Regulación de la IA en el proceso judicial: desafíos y oportunidades en América Latina
Authors: Pérez-Pacheco Yaritza
Published: November 2024

En este artículo se examina la implementación de la inteligencia artificial (ia) en los sistemas judiciales de América Latina, destacando el equilibrio necesario entre los beneficios potenciales y los desafíos éticos y legales que plantea. En un contexto de creciente digitalización, el estudio se enfoca en cómo la ia puede mejorar la eficiencia y consistencia en la administración de justicia, al tiempo que enfrenta problemas como el sesgo algorítmico, la falta de transparencia y la protección de datos. Utilizando un enfoque cualitativo basado en la revisión de literatura y análisis comparativo de casos en Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia y México, se identificaron patrones y se evaluaron los desafíos y oportunidades específicos de cada país. Los hallazgos revelan que, aunque la ia ha optimizado procesos judiciales, persisten serias preocupaciones sobre la equidad y la transparencia en las decisiones automatizadas, y se observa una insuficiencia en los marcos legales actuales para regular adecuadamente estas tecnologías. En el artículo se propone un marco normativo robusto y adaptativo que incorpore Principios de Responsabilidad, Equidad y Control Humano, junto con una colaboración regional, para asegurar que la ia se utilice de manera ética y que promueva la justicia en el sistema judicial latinoamericano.
Achieving Better Clinical Outcomes After Total Knee Arthroplasty in Knees with Valgus Deformity
Authors: Batailler Cécile , Lording Timothy , Libert Thibaut , Servien Elvire , Lustig Sébastien
Published: November 2024

Background:

Personalized alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has demonstrated good functional outcomes for knees with varus alignment. However, limited research has explicitly addressed optimal alignment strategies for valgus knees. The aims of the current study were to assess the impact of the postoperative knee alignment and of the degree of correction of knee alignment on functional outcomes and satisfaction in a population with preoperative valgus and to evaluate the complication and revision rates based on postoperative alignment.

Methods:

This retrospective study included primary posterior-stabilized TKA with a preoperative hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle of ≥180°, with a minimum follow-up of 32 months. There were 460 knees included, divided into 3 groups: (1) preoperative neutral alignment (180° to 183°) (n = 162), (2) preoperative mild valgus (184° to 190°) (n = 204), and (3) preoperative severe valgus (>190°) (n = 94). A standardized surgical technique was employed with a goal of achieving neutral postoperative alignment. Data on radiographs, Knee Society Scores (KSS), range of motion, satisfaction, complications, and revisions were collected at the last follow-up.

Results:

The mean follow-up was 74.3 ± 12.4 months. In the preoperative mild valgus group, 10.8% of patients had postoperative varus, 81.4% had postoperative neutral alignment, and 7.8% had postoperative valgus. In the preoperative severe valgus group, 4.3% had postoperative varus, 83.0% had postoperative neutral alignment, and 12.8% had postoperative valgus. In the preoperative mild valgus group, patients with postoperative neutral alignment had significantly higher satisfaction (p = 0.0004) and KSS function score (p = 0.031) than patients with postoperative valgus alignment. In the preoperative severe valgus group, patients with postoperative valgus alignment had significantly higher satisfaction (p = 0.035) and greater improvement of the KSS knee score (p = 0.014) than patients with postoperative neutral alignment. Functional outcomes were not impacted by the degree of HKA angle correction. There were significantly fewer complications (p = 0.022) and revisions (p = 0.007) in the preoperative mild valgus group when patients had a postoperative neutral alignment compared with a postoperative valgus alignment.

Conclusions:

For preoperative mild valgus, correction to neutral alignment achieved better outcomes and fewer complications than leaving residual valgus. For preoperative severe valgus, retaining residual valgus postoperatively ensured satisfactory functional outcomes without increased complications.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.