bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Fundamental Dynamics of Vacuum, Gas, and Antisolvent Quenching for Scalable Perovskite Processes
Authors: Ternes Simon , Laufer Felix , Paetzold Ulrich W.
Published: February 2024

Hybrid perovskite photovoltaics (PVs) promise cost‐effective fabrication with large‐scale solution‐based manufacturing processes as well as high power conversion efficiencies. Almost all of today's high‐performance solution‐processed perovskite absorber films rely on so‐called quenching techniques that rapidly increase supersaturation to induce a prompt crystallization. However, to date, there are no metrics for comparing results obtained with different quenching methods. In response, the first quantitative modeling framework for gas quenching, anti‐solvent quenching, and vacuum quenching is developed herein. Based on dynamic thickness measurements in a vacuum chamber, previous works on drying dynamics, and commonly known material properties, a detailed analysis of mass transfer dynamics is performed for each quenching technique. The derived models are delivered along with an open‐source software framework that is modular and extensible. Thereby, a deep understanding of the impact of each process parameter on mass transfer dynamics is provided. Moreover, the supersaturation rate at critical concentration is proposed as a decisive benchmark of quenching effectiveness, yielding ≈ 10−3 − 10−1s−1 for vacuum quenching, ≈ 10−5 − 10−3s−1 for static gas quenching, ≈ 10−2 − 100s−1 for dynamic gas quenching and ≈ 102s−1 for antisolvent quenching. This benchmark fosters transferability and scalability of hybrid perovskite fabrication, transforming the “art of device making” to well‐defined process engineering.
Enhancement of separation performance for ofloxacin enantiomers by a biphasic recognition chiral extraction system
Authors: Li Jiangtao , Cheng Hongye , Qi Zhiwen
Published: February 2024

Despite greatly improved separation performance towards many mixtures, utilizing biphasic recognition chiral extraction (BRCE) systems in enantiomer separation remains challenging due to inadequate comprehension of chiral recognition and biphasic synergism mechanisms. In this work, using ofloxacin enantiomers as a case study, separation performance of BRCE system is systematically examined from experimental and theoretical aspects. The BRCE system, comprising di‐p‐toluoyl‐l‐tartaric acid and β‐cyclodextrin as hydrophobic and hydrophilic selectors, achieves maximum enantioselectivity and enantiomeric excess values of 2.4 and 26% under optimal conditions. Five‐stage counter‐current extraction and reverse extraction significantly improve the enantiomeric excess value up to 91%. Molecular simulations reveal that to construct an enhanced BRCE system, two chiral selectors should have opposite recognition abilities for target enantiomers and weak interactions between themselves. This work provides guidance on selecting suitable selectors for construction of an enhanced BRCE system not only for separating ofloxacin enantiomers but also other enantiomers.
Sexual dimorphism of adiposity and fat distribution among children and adolescents (8–18 year olds) from Poland
Authors: Żegleń Magdalena , Kryst Łukasz , Kowal Małgorzata , Woronkowicz Agnieszka
Published: February 2024

Objectives

The study aimed to analyze the sexual dimorphism of total body fat [BF%] and fat distribution among 8–18 year olds from Poland.

Methods

The study included 2175 participants, divided into sex and age groups. Waist and hip circumferences, the thickness of six skinfolds, waist‐to‐hips ratio [WHR], the ratio of abdominal‐to‐suprailiac skinfolds, and the limb‐to‐trunk adiposity index were analyzed. Fat percentage were measured with a body composition analyzer (Tanita) with accuracy 0.1%. The Mollison's Index [MI] was used for calculating sexual dimorphism.

Results

The value of MI for the WHR and its components (waist and hip circumferences) was negative (the boys were characterized by higher values of these parameters). The magnitude of the sex differences was lower in the younger age groups and the highest in the oldest groups. For adiposity [BF%], the average values were higher in females. In the younger age groups, girls had thicker skinfolds compared to boys, and this tendency was also observed in the older age groups, except for abdominal and suprailiac skinfolds. The values of the analyzed adiposity indicators also represented a tendency toward central allocation of fat tissue in boys.

Conclusions

In conclusion, sexual dimorphism of fat distribution and adiposity could be detected as early as 7 years of age. These differences can be identified using simple anthropometric methods, which are relatively cheap and easy to use, particularly in the field setting and large populations. The observation of changes in these features in children should be a recommended procedure aimed at early detection of overweight, obesity, as well as normal weight obesity or other metabolic disorders.
Photon Generation Scheme of 32‐Fold Millimeter‐Wave Signal Based on Mach‐Zehnder Modulator
Authors: Wang Shali , Wang Dongfei , Ren Lei , Zhang Hu , Wu Zihao , Li Wusong , Zhang Fenghui , Wang Xiangqing
Published: February 2024

This paper proposes a 32‐tupling frequency millimeter‐wave (MMW) filter‐free system based on four Mach‐Zehnder Modulators (MZM) connected in parallel and cascaded with a simple radio‐fiber (RoF) link structure. The four MZMs are all at the maximum transmission point (MATP), and the radio frequency (RF) driving voltage phase difference between MZMs is π /2. The center carrier is suppressed by using an optical attenuator (OATT) and an optical phase shifter (OPS). Two parallel MZMs can generate ±8th order and ±12th order optical sidebands, and the ±4th order optical sidebands can be suppressed by adjusting the modulation index m of the MZM, using cascaded two dual‐parallel MZMS(DPMZM) and the phase difference of the RF signal source is π/4 to generate ±16th order optical sidebands. The theoretical analysis and simulation experiments are performed for the scheme proposed in this paper. The results show that the simulated and theoretical values of the optical sideband suppression ratio (OSSR) for ±16th order optical sideband signals are 60.02 and 59.96 dB, respectively, and the simulated and theoretical values of the RF sideband suppression ratio (RFSSR) for the 32‐tupling MMW signal are 56.34 and 53.94 dB, respectively.
Staggered Assembly of a Dimeric Au13 Cluster: Impacts on Coupling of Geometric Isomerism
Authors: Yang Jin‐Sen , Zhao Yu‐Jing , Li Xin‐Mao , Dong Xi‐Yan , Si Yu‐Bing , Xiao Lu‐Yao , Hu Jia‐Hua , Yu Zhihao , Zang Shuang‐Quan
Published: February 2024

The specific states of aggregation of metal atoms in sub‐nanometer‐sized gold clusters are related to the different quantum confinement volumes of electrons, leading to novel optical and electronic properties. These volumes can be tuned by changing the relative positions of the gold atoms to generate isomers. Studying the isomeric gold core and the electron coupling between the basic units is fundamentally important for nanoelectronic devices and luminescence; however, appropriate cases are lacking. In this study, the structure of the first staggered di‐superatomic Au25‐S was solved using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The optical properties of Au25‐S were studied by comparing with eclipsed Au25‐E. From Au25‐E to Au25‐S, changes in the electronic structures occurred, resulting in significantly different optical absorptions originating from the coupling between the two Au13 modules. Au25‐S shows a longer electron decay lifetime of 307.7 ps before populating the lowest triplet emissive state, compared to 1.29 ps for Au25‐E. The experimental and theoretical results show that variations in the geometric isomerism lead to distinct photophysical processes owing to isomerism‐dependent electronic coupling. This study offers new insights into the connection between the geometric isomerism of nanosized building blocks and the optical properties of their assemblies, opening new possibilities for constructing function‐specific nanomaterials.
Copper‐Catalyzed C4‐selective Carboxylation of Pyridines with CO2 via Pyridylphosphonium Salts
Authors: Tang Shibiao , Liu Zezhao , Zhang Jiakai , Li Bin , Wang Baiquan
Published: February 2024

Pyridine motifs are widespread pharmacophores in many drugs. Installing various substituents through pyridine C−H bond functionalization is significant for new drug design and discovery. Developments of late‐stage functionalization reactions enrich the strategies for selective functionalization of pyridines. However, late‐stage C−H carboxylation of pyridines is a long‐standing challenge, especially selectively carboxylation with CO2 on pyridine motifs. Herein, we describe a practical method for C4−H carboxylation of pyridines via one‐pot C−H phosphination and copper‐catalyzed carboxylation of the resulted phosphonium salts with CO2. The reaction is conducted under mild conditions and compatible with multiple active groups and several pyridine drugs, providing diverse valuable isonicotinic acid compounds, demonstrating the application potential of this strategy.
Interfacial Engineering of Zn Metal via a Localized Conjugated Layer for Highly Reversible Aqueous Zinc Ion Battery
Authors: Liu Zhenjie , Li Guanjie , Xi Murong , Huang Yudai , Li Haobo , Jin Huanyu , Ding Juan , Zhang Shilin , Zhang Chaofeng , Guo Zaiping
Published: February 2024

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries are regarded as promising and efficient energy storage systems owing to remarkable safety and satisfactory capacity. Nevertheless, the instability of zinc metal anodes, characterized by issues such as dendrite growth and parasitic side reactions, poses a significant barrier to widespread applications. Herein, we address this challenge by designing a localized conjugated structure comprising a cyclic polyacrylonitrile polymer (CPANZ), induced by a Zn2+‐based Lewis acid (zinc trifluoromethylsulfonate) at a temperature of 120 °C. The CPANZ layer on the Zn anode, enriched with appropriate pyridine nitrogen‐rich groups (conjugated cyclic −C=N−), exhibits a notable affinity for Zn2+ with ample deposition sites. This zincophilic skeleton not only serves as a protective layer to guide the deposition of Zn2+ but also functions as proton channel blocker, regulating the proton flux to mitigate the hydrogen evolution. Additionally, the strong adhesion strength of the CPANZ layer guarantees its sustained protection to the Zn metal during long‐term cycling. As a result, the modified zinc electrode demonstrates long cycle life and high durability in both half‐cell and pouch cells. These findings present a feasible approach to designing high performance aqueous anodes by introducing a localized conjugated layer.
A Bioengineered Nanovesicle Vaccine Boosts T‐B cell Interaction for Immunotherapy of Echinococcus multilocularis
Authors: An Xiaoyu , Xiang Wei , Liu Xue , Li Shuo , Xu Zhijian , He Pan , Ge Ri‐Li , Tang Feng , Cheng Zhe , Liu Chao , Liu Gang
Published: February 2024

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease, resulting from being infected with the metacestode larvae of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis). Novel prophylactic and therapeutic interventions are urgently needed since the current chemotherapy displays limited efficiency in AE treatment. Bioengineered nano cellular membrane vesicles are widely used for displaying the native conformational epitope peptides because of their unique structure and biocompatibility. In this study, four T‐cells and four B‐cells dominant epitope peptides of E. multilocularis with high immunogenicity were engineered into the Vero cell surface to construct a membrane vesicle nanovaccine for the treatment of AE. The results showed that the nanovesicle vaccine can efficiently activate dendritic cells, induce specific T/B cells to form a mutually activated circuit, and inhibit E. multilocularis infection. This study presents for the first time a nanovaccine strategy that can completely eliminate the burden of E. multilocularis.
High‐Precision Tailored Polymer Molecular Weights for Specific Photovoltaic Applications through Ultrasound‐Induced Simultaneous Physical and Chemical Events
Authors: Kim Seoyoung , Oh Jiyeon , Park Jeewon , Lee Byongkyu , Mai Thi Le Huyen , Sun Zhe , Jeong Seonghun , Cho Yongjoon , Kim Wonjun , Yang Changduk
Published: February 2024

It is highly challenging to reproducibly prepare semiconducting polymers with targeted molecular weight tailored for next‐generation photovoltaic applications. Once such an easily accessible methodology is established, which can not only contribute to overcome the current limitation of the statistically determined nature of semiconducting polymers, but also facilitate rapid incorporation into the broad synthetic chemists’ toolbox. Here, we describe a simple yet robust ultrasonication‐assisted Stille polymerization for accessing semiconducting polymers with high‐precision tailored molecular weights (from low to ultrahigh molecular weight ranges) while mitigating their interbatch variations. We propose that ultrasound‐induced simultaneous physical and chemical events enable precise control of the semiconducting polymers’ molecular weights with high reproducibility to satisfy all the optical/electrical and morphological demands of diverse types of high‐performance semiconducting polymer‐based devices; as demonstrated in in‐depth experimental screenings in applications of both organic and perovskite photovoltaics. We believe that this methodology provides a fast development of new and existing semiconducting polymers with the highest‐level performances possible on various photovoltaic devices.
Optimization of intumescent flame retardant system based on ammonium polyphosphate, double pentaerythritol, and zinc borate for thermoplastic polyurethane composite
Authors: Li Minghao , Bai Yu , Hao Enquan , Li Hongjie , Chen Chunhui , Hai Wenqing , Jiang Ziyang , Meng Qian , Shao Huiqi , Shao Guangwei , Bi Siyi , Jiang Jinhua , Chen Nanliang
Published: February 2024

The widespread industrial applications of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) are partially limited by its flammability. The design of high‐performance intumescent flame retardants (IFR) is of great significance for enhancing flame retardant (FR) performance of TPU. In this work, an IFR system consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), double pentaerythritol (DPER), and zinc borate (ZB) is proposed. The optimized experimental parameters with 15 wt.% additive amount of FR, APP‐DPER weight ratio of 2.28:1 and 15.56 wt.% ZB content are regulated based on Box–Behnken design‐response surface methodology (BBD‐RSM) to obtain TPU/FR composite with superior limiting oxygen index value of 30.2%. Noticeably, the design efficiency of TPU/FR composite is significantly improved by utilizing BBD‐RSM. Results of vertical burning test show that the optimized TPU/FR composite passes UL 94 V‐0 rating and peak heat release rate is dramatically reduced from 1355.88 (neat TPU) to 201.01 KW/m2 through cone calorimeter test. In addition, scanning electron microscopy accompanied with Raman spectroscopy are conducted to characterize the morphology and composition of residual char for further exploring the FR mechanism of IFR system in TPU. The as‐prepared TPU/FR composite has provided new potential application in engineering fields.
Castor oil‐based paper packaging coating with water resistance and degradability obtained by thiol‐ene click reaction
Authors: Chen Liyu , Li Pengsong , Guan Jingwen , Xu Chenyang , Xu Chang‐An , Yang Zhuohong
Published: February 2024

With the implementation of plastic restrictions and the increasingly serious problem of environmental pollution, paper with green and recyclable characteristics is gradually becoming a substitute for packaging materials. However, the rich cellulose structure in the paper, which contains hydroxyl groups leading to its hydrophilicity, allows water molecules to penetrate the paper and disrupt the hydrogen bonds between cellulose, resulting in a decrease in mechanical properties. Therefore, waterproof coatings are crucial for paper‐based materials to be used in many applications. Based on this, the paper surface was chemically modified with castor oil‐based resin (CO‐590) monomer prepared by coupling agent and castor oil (CO). The results indicated that the modified paper with the contact angle (CA) of 114° had excellent waterproof performance and had a reduction by 40.3% in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), but also its mechanical increased to 26.9 MPa and the decomposition temperature to 410.5°C. In addition, the coating on its surface could be removed in an alkaline solution and had a possibility to recycle blank paper in the future for manufacturing sustainable production. This work not only provides a method for preparing modified packaging paper, but also expands the application fields of materials.
Tuning and optimization of structure and surface properties of thin and fine hydrophilic nanofibrous substrates through low‐pressure heat‐press treatment
Authors: Shahrabi Samaneh , Gharehaghaji Ali Akbar , Solati‐Hashjin Mehran
Published: February 2024

The properties of electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs), including pore size, surface roughness, and hydrophilicity, significantly affect crosslinking, thickness, and morphology of the polyamide selective layer formed on top of ENM substrate in thin film composite membranes, and, ultimately the performance of membranes. We produced polyamide 66 nanofiber layers with a thickness of 10 μm and a fiber diameter of 55 nm, considerably thinner and finer than usual ENM substrates. We then subjected this thin layer to post‐production treatment using the efficient low‐pressure heat‐press (LPHP) method at a pressure of 3 kPa at three different temperatures and two different time intervals. It was found that the morphology of the nanofiber layer was preserved, and its structural characteristics, including pore structure, surface roughness, wettability, crystallinity, and specific surface area, were favorable with LPHP treatment. The optimal conditions were obtained with treatment at 190°C for 3600 s, in which the roughness of the nanofiber substrate decreased from 64 to 25 nm. Using these substrates offers new, less‐explored opportunities for optimizing the LPHP treatment of the substrate. These substrates are proposed for a new generation of TFC membranes in a continuous production line, with the possibility of scaling up for pressure‐ and osmosis‐driven membranes.
Simulating pollen flow and field sampling constraints helps revise seed sampling recommendations for conserving genetic diversity
Authors: Rosenberger Kaylee J. , Hoban Sean
Published: February 2024

Premise

In this study, we use simulations to determine how pollen flow and sampling constraints can influence the genetic conservation found in seed collections.

Methods

We simulated genotypes of parental individuals and crossed the parentals based on three different ranges of pollen flow (panmictic, limited, and highly limited) to create new seed sets for sampling. We tested a variety of sampling scenarios modeled on those occurring in nature and calculated the proportion of alleles conserved in each scenario.

Results

We found that pollen flow greatly influences collection outcomes, with panmictic pollen flow resulting in seed sets containing 21.6% more alleles than limited pollen flow and 48.6% more alleles than highly limited pollen flow, although this impact diminishes when large numbers of maternal plants are sampled. Simulations of realistic seed sampling (sampling more seed from some plants and fewer from others) showed a relatively minor impact (<2.5%) on genetic diversity conserved compared to ideal sampling (uniform sampling across all maternal plants).

Discussion

We conclude that future work must consider limited pollen flow, but collectors can be flexible with their sampling in the field as long as many unique maternal plants are sampled. Simulations remain a fruitful method to advance ex situ sampling guidelines.
Differential effects of prior outcomes and pauses on the speed and quality of risky choices
Authors: Chen Zhang , Eben Charlotte , Verbruggen Frederick
Published: February 2024

Failures to obtain rewards influence what people choose to do next and how quickly they execute a chosen action, which are two components of motivated behavior. For instance, in risky decisions, losses can induce faster responses and sometimes increase risk‐taking, which may lead to detrimental consequences in some situations (such as gambling). Pauses might reduce these motivational influences of prior outcomes. To examine this question, participants alternated between a guess game, in which they won or lost money, and a choice game, in which they chose between a high probability of winning a small amount of money and a low probability of winning a large amount of money. The pause between a guess and a choice game was made either short (0 or 300 ms) or long (3000 ms). In four experiments, prior outcomes consistently influenced decision speed, such that people chose faster after a loss than after a win. However, prior outcomes did not consistently influence people's choices. In contrast, pauses increased decision quality, such that participants chose the option with a higher expected value more often, without substantially reducing decision speed. Pauses may improve decision quality by influencing predecisional attention allocation to relevant information, as its effect was absent when the overall task attention was high (Experiment 3). These findings have implications for both safer gambling and risky decision research. Future work can examine the underlying computational and cognitive processes and the generalizability of these findings to other contexts and populations.
Assessment of the effectiveness of an introductory general chemistry course in dentistry students enrolled in a biochemistry course
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Venegas Gloria , Rosas‐Martínez Marisol , Juárez‐Ramos Itzel , Jiménez‐Rivera Jesús Iván
Published: February 2024

As a strategy to carry out a better achievement in the Biochemistry course, undergraduate dentistry education manage a traditional course on the basic concepts of general chemistry necessary in the understanding of Biochemistry. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of learning outcome, we aimed to develop an evaluation tool that was applied to first‐year dental students before and after receiving the general chemistry classes. Randomized trial consisted of 50 items distributed in 10 categories. The evaluation was applied to the students who took the Oral Biology course in the periods comprising 2020, 2021, and 2022 to a population of 109 students. Our results showed that after receiving the course the improvement rate was 20.71% with significant differences in each category. In conclusion, the introductory course allows students coming from different school systems to attend Biochemistry with similar knowledge of general chemistry.
Do eco labels matter for green business strategy and sustainable consumption? A mixed method investigation on green products
Authors: Pathak Kanishka , Prakash Gyan , Jain Monika , Agarwal Reeti , Attri Rekha
Published: February 2024

Since the advent of the Industrial Revolution, factories have been spewing out noxious substances at an unmitigated rate, leading to environmental degradation. The need for sustainable consumption has stoked the desire for green products. The study aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge regarding the use of eco‐labels by firms in order to meet the consumers' green purchasing behaviour. The study employs a mixed‐method approach to investigate the underlying psychological aspects that affect consumers' green purchasing behaviour. The current study used the grounded theory method to identify themes and variables based on the data collected through interviews. These themes and variables were subsequently used to construct the conceptual framework for the qualitative analysis. The conceptual framework was then empirically tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS‐SEM) statistical analysis (quantitative analysis). The findings unfold potential areas where businesses, through eco‐labels, could transpire information and capitalise on this behavioural shift among consumers for green products. The study eventually offers eco‐labels as a viable green business strategy which clears the haze of ambiguity and make space to safeguard our environment.
Beyond external pressures: How work conditions harm employees' social and environmental responsibilities
Authors: Afshar Jahanshahi Asghar , Al‐Gamrh Bakr
Published: February 2024

The political and economic sanctions, coupled with the COVID‐19 pandemic, have made work and life difficult for Iranians. In this adverse external work environment, this study aims to understand how internal adverse working conditions such as workplace bullying and a hostile work climate may affect workers' emotional exhaustion and socially responsible behaviors, both inside and outside the workplace. Data were collected longitudinally from 304 full‐time employees in Iran using four survey waves over 12 months. To deepen our understanding of the variables and context of the study, we conducted supplementary interviews with 12 participants. The results show that overall workplace bullying increases emotional exhaustion, which, in turn, decreases two types of socially responsible behaviors among workers: (a) sustainability‐oriented behaviors within the workplace and (b) societal behaviors outside of the workplace. Furthermore, we found that a hostile workplace climate increases workers' emotional exhaustion, which, in turn, reduces their sustainability‐oriented behaviors but not their societal behaviors. We have discussed the managerial implications of these results.
A Study on Thymoquinone: Antioxidant Capacity and Anticancer Activities in LoVo Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Bozali Kubra , Metin Guler Eray , Kocyigit Abdurrahim
Published: February 2024

Thymoquinone has antioxidant and anticancer effects. This study investigates the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic effects of black seed and its active ingredient, thymoquinone on colorectal cancer cells. The antioxidant content of Black seed methanolic extracts (BSME) with different concentrations (50, 500 and 1000 μg/mL) were determined by the photometric methods. The reactive oxygen production (iROS) of BSME and thymoquinone on colorectal cancer cells (LoVo) and normal epithelial cells (CCD18Co) were analyzed by the fluorometric methods. A luminometric glutathione kit was employed to observe the changes in intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Cytotoxicity was determined by the ATP method, genotoxicity was determined by Comet Assay, and the apoptosis was identified by the Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide (AO/EB) double dye method. The cytotoxicity was increased by BSME and thymoquinone in LoVo cells in a dose‐dependent manner (p<0.001). BSME and thymoquinone also increased iROS, and induced apoptosis and DNA damage (p<0.001). High doses of BSME and thymoquinone on cancer and healthy cells have cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects with pro‐oxidant effects. Colorectal cancer cells are more sensitive than healthy cells.
Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome: A case report
Authors: Pinna Mara , Orrù Germano , Denotti Gloria , Murgia Martina Salvatorina , Casu Cinzia
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) remains an enigmatic pathology due to an unknown etiology. Our report, of a 69‐year‐old man with MRS misdiagnosed for about 40 years, underlines the diagnostic difficulty of this condition. A holistic view of the patient, with a correct medical history investigation, are often decisive in the diagnosis of MRS.

Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a rare disorder with a still unknown etiology. It is defined by three main symptoms, which are orofacial granulomatosis (OFG), facial palsy, and fissured tongue. It generally presents in young people, during the second or third decade, and its incidence in the entire population is about 1%. We focus our attention on a 69‐year‐old man who came to us with an important swelling of the upper lip. His anamnesis revealed that he suffered from a facial palsy four times in his life and at the physical examination we attested the presence of scrotal tongue. We suspected a misdiagnosed MRS and we searched the web in order to give him a diagnosis and a therapy. We found that OFG is the most common symptom of MRS and that it can show as a non complete form, where the three main symptoms cannot occur simultaneously. We also prescribed a therapy based on the use of topic steroids and antiviral, according to literature. After the positive response to the therapy and according to data found in the most recent literature, we can assume that our patient suffers from a misdiagnosed MRS for about 40 years.
Recent Advancement in Quantum Dot Modified Layered Double Hydroxide towards Photocatalytic, Electrocatalytic, and Photoelectrochemical Applications
Authors: Prabha Sarangi Preeti , Prava Sahoo Dipti , Aparajita Mohanty Upali , Nayak Susanginee , Parida Kulamani
Published: February 2024

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is a category of 2D materials that possess excellent physicochemical properties for enhancing photocatalytic (PC), electrocatalytic (EC), and photoelectrochemical (PEC) performances. However, pristine LDH encounters challenges like sluggish charge–carrier mobility, high rate of electron–hole recombination, low conductivity, and tendency to agglomerate, making them unsuitable for practical applications. Therefore, modifications such as composite preparations, co‐catalyst integration, semiconductor coupling, and ternary heterostructure engineering have been explored to disclose new possibilities for LDHs in PC, EC, and PEC applications. In the realm of semiconducting materials aimed at enhancing LDH productivity, quantum dots (QDs) i. e., 0D materials have proven to be effective due to their advantages, including abundant reserves, affordability, and environmental friendliness. This review explores the role of QDs as interlayer support, co‐catalyst, mediator, semiconductor, and sensitizer in QDs@LDH heterostructures to achieve superior photocatalytic activities. These QD‐infused heterostructures also deliver improved EC and PEC water–splitting performance coupled with long–term stabilities. Additionally, this review delves into characterization techniques, intrinsic structural features, and designing of the QD@LDH heterostructures. Future scopes and challenges in constructing and cutting–edge theoretical anticipations of QD@LDH are also discussed. This review may be a guiding light to a sustainable approach to outperform QD‐modified LDH for versatile catalysts.
Hydrogenation of Glucose to Sorbitol by Using Nickel Hydroxyapatite Catalyst
Authors: Kamble Paresh A. , Vinod Chathakudath P , Rathod Virendra K. , Lakshmi Kantam Mannepalli
Published: February 2024

A series of nickel hydroxyapatite catalysts were synthesized by the co‐precipitation method followed by calcination and reduction. These catalysts were employed for the aqueous phase hydrogenation of glucose to sorbitol. The Ni‐HAP catalyst with comparatively high surface area and acid‐base strength gave high sorbitol selectivity in 1 h. Ni‐HAP‐4 catalyst with moderate Ni (3.5 wt. %) content having smaller and highly dispersed nickel particles gives an excellent yield of sorbitol, 97 % in 1 h. The Ni‐HAP‐4 catalyst works well with other polar protic solvents. Different characterization techniques like XRD, TEM, SEM‐EDS, BET, NH3‐TPD, and CO2‐TPD were employed to analyze the Ni‐HAP‐4 catalyst.
Increasing the Sustainability of Pharmaceutical Grade Water Production
Authors: Rögener Frank
Published: February 2024

Water serves for the production of pharmaceutical ingredients, intermediates and final products. Accordingly, the quality requirements are particularly high. Next to quality, sustainability of the production and climate change mitigation will play an increasingly important role. For instance, in 2015, the total global emissions of the pharma sector was significantly higher than the CO2 emissions generated by the automotive sector. Thus, efforts must be made at all stages of production of pharmaceuticals to reduce the environmental impact.
Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction detection of KRAS mutations in pancreatic FNA samples: Technical and practical aspects for routine clinical implementation
Authors: Mansour Yara , Boubaddi Mehdi , Odion Typhaine , Marty Marion , Belleannée Geneviève , Berger Arthur , Subtil Clément , Laurent Christophe , Dabernat Sandrine , Amintas Samuel
Published: February 2024

Background

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a 5‐year survival rate of less than 6%, and current treatments have limited efficacy. The diagnosis of PDAC is mainly based on a cytologic analysis of endoscopic ultrasound–guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) samples. However, the collected specimens may prove noncontributory in a significant number of cases, delaying patient management and treatment. The combination of EUS‐FNA sample examination and KRAS mutation detection can improve the sensitivity for diagnosis. In this context, the material used for molecular analysis may condition performance.

Methods

The authors prospectively compared the performance of cytologic analysis combined with a KRAS droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay for PDAC diagnosis using either conventional formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded cytologic samples or needle‐rinsing fluids.

Results

Molecular testing of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded cytologic samples was easier to set up, but the authors observed that the treatment of preanalytic samples, in particular the fixation process, drastically reduced ddPCR sensitivity, increasing the risk of false‐negative results. Conversely, the analysis of dedicated, fresh needle‐rinsing fluid samples appeared to be ideal for ddPCR analysis; it had greater sensitivity and was easily to implement in clinical use. In particular, fluid collection by the endoscopist, transportation to the laboratory, and subsequent freezing did not affect DNA quantity or quality. Moreover, the addition of KRAS mutation detection to cytologic examination improved diagnosis performance, regardless of the source of the sample.

Conclusions

Considering all of these aspects, the authors propose the use of an integrated flowchart for the KRAS molecular testing of EUS‐FNA samples in clinical routine.
Preparation of TiO2/Ni‐NG Mesoporous Microspheres and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Properties
Authors: Zhang Le , Sun Ke , Peng Xiang , Li Bingke , Zeng Xiancai , Wu Keliang
Published: February 2024

The regulation of surface active sites and structures is a key factor affecting the performance of photocatalysts. In order to prepare monodisperse anatase TiO2 mesoporous microspheres with higher specific surface area, smaller pore size and particle size, a dual‐surfactant orientation assembly method was selected. Graphene (NG) was selected as a cocatalyst to compound with mesoporous TiO2 and nickel doping was performed on the cocatalyst to improve the photocatalytic hydrogen production activity of the semiconductor photocatalyst. Through proper regulation and rational design, the semiconductor photocatalyst with desired properties was prepared. SEM characterization of mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2/Ni‐NG) with graphene cocatalyst proved that TiO2 nanospheres have good monodispersion, and TiO2 nanospheres are well supported on graphene cocatalyst. The composite material belonged to mesoporous group with the pore size being mainly distributed between 10–20 nm. The loading of graphene and Ni‐NG cocatalyst increased the absorption band edge by 9 nm and 38 nm, respectively, and the band gap decreased by 0.07 eV and 0.16 eV, respectively. The selection of graphene as cocatalyst improved the hydrogen production activity of photocatalyst and nickel doping was very effective in the modification of graphene. For reaction time of 2.5 h, the H2 production of TiO2/Ni‐NG material reached 1.767 mmol/g which was 7.27 times that of TiO2/NG composite material.
Bibliometric analysis and visualization of top papers in dentistry from 2012 to 2022 based on essential science indicators
Authors: Taghdisi kashani Amene , Batooli Zahra , Mozafari Mostafa
Published: February 2024

Objectives

This study aims to analyze and visualize the top dental papers from 2012 to 2022 using data from essential science indicators (ESIs).

Materials and Methods

The present study was conducted using library and retrospective bibliometric analysis methods. Additionally, a science map has been created. Web of Science was searched on January 18, 2023. The results were limited to the top papers in ESIs. The bibliometric information of the top papers was evaluated. Next, the VOSviewer was used to perform a co‐occurrence analysis and visualize data.

Results

The findings showed that Mariano Belén Sanz and Maurizio S. Tonetti were the top two authors. The University of London and the University of Bern had the highest number of articles. These articles were published in 55 journals. According to the analysis of keyword co‐occurrence, the most frequently used keywords in the field of dentistry include “periodontitis,” “dental implants,” “periodontal disease,” “mechanical properties,” “peri‐implantitis,” “oral health,” “dental caries,” “dental materials,” “3D printing.”

Conclusion

The findings of this study enable readers to pinpoint the authors, organizations, countries, and journals that have made the biggest contributions to the list of the most often cited dentistry papers. In medicine, bibliometric citation analysis is frequently used to assist researchers in learning the fundamentals of a subject and pinpoint subtopics of broad interest for additional study.
Does negative environmental performance feedback induce substantive green innovation? The moderating roles of external regulations and internal incentive
Authors: Sun Ziyuan , Sun Xiao , Dong Yuting
Published: February 2024

When the environmental performance is below the aspiration, will firms make substantive changes? In order to answer this question, based on the behavioral theory of the firm, this paper examines the impact of negative environmental performance feedback on substantive green innovation (GI) and its influencing mechanism. It is found that the negative environmental performance feedback induces substantive GI, which is positively moderated by external regulations (i.e., government environmental regulation and public environmental concern) and internal incentive (i.e., executive equity incentive). Media pressure and risk preference act as mediators in the above promotion effect. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the above promotion effect as well as the moderating effects of external regulations are more pronounced in private firms, while the moderating effect of internal incentive is more pronounced in state‐owned firms. Furthermore, the above promotion and moderating effects are more pronounced after the ESG rating event of SynTao Green Finance Agency. This paper offers new sights into understanding the motives of substantive GI and policy suggestion for promoting firms to achieve sustainable development.
Exploring the hidden canvas: Conceptualisations of nature in early years curricula and standard documents in Turkey
Authors: Yiğit‐Gençten Vahide , Gultekin Mehmet , Aydemir Filiz
Published: February 2024

This paper examines underlying beliefs and values about nature within the early years education in Turkey, as reflected in the curricula and standards documents guiding instruction. Given that not every child has the opportunity for nature‐based education, it becomes essential to incorporate nature‐based learning into indoor classrooms. Employing a document analysis, we comprehensively analyse the Ministry of Education's Preschool Education Program (2013), Activity Book‐1 (2013a), and Activity Book‐2 (2018), which guides teachers in shaping their classroom practices, therefore providing in‐depth insights into the conceptualisations of nature. Our analysis reveals that ‘nature’ in these documents is characterised by its connection to and intersections of specific settings, concepts, and resources. Moreover, we found out that the identified patterns of relationships in the examined curriculum and standards documents demonstrate a purposeful initiative to engage preschool children in the realm of nature through various means, including conceptual comprehension, hands‐on interaction with materials, and direct involvement in natural surroundings. The intersections among these elements unveil a complex network of opportunities to promote an enhanced learning journey. By fostering a deeper understanding of the relationship between curriculum guidelines and nature activities, we aim to empower early childhood educators to embrace nature as an integral part of their classroom practices.
HIKS: A K‐shell‐weighted hybrid approach method for detecting influential nodes in complex networks using possible edge weights
Authors: Seshu Chakravarthy Thota , Selvaraj Lokesh
Published: February 2024

The influential node in the network is the node that has a higher impact on network functioning compared to the other nodes. The influential node detection in the complex network is crucial for rumor containment, virus spreading, viral marketing, and so forth. The researchers designed several influential node detection methods; still, detecting community and influential node selection with minimal computational complexity by considering the relationship between the nodes is challenging. Hence, an optimal community detection along with the hybrid K‐shell decomposition method is introduced in this research. Initially, the optimal community from the complex network is identified to reduce the computation burden. For this, the Improved Dingo (IDingo) algorithm is introduced by hybridizing the hunting behavior of Dingo and the rough encircling behavior of Harris Hawk. After detecting the optimal community, the influential node identification is devised using the proposed hybrid K‐shell decomposition methods. The potential edge weights are considered while ranking the nodes. The performance of a proposed method is analyzed using six various datasets and accomplished the maximal cluster coefficient of 0.56578, 0.25674, 0.24022, 0.5968, 0.23419, and 0.10196 for Karate, Dolphins, C‐Elegance, Facebook, Gowalla, and Power Grid Dataset.
Mathematically inspired MIMO antenna with enhanced isolation for wireless applications
Authors: Chouhan Sanjay , Malviya Leeladhar , Panda Debendra Kumar
Published: February 2024

Current generation of mobile and wireless communication can have portable, compact, lightweight, highly reliable, easy to access, high coverage, high capacity, high SNR, and high gain antennas for non‐line‐of‐sight communication. MIMO technology provides these all and has data rate optimization, diversity, spatial multiplexing, and solution of multipath propagation. The current requirement for designing a compact MIMO antenna with better isolation is what spurred the creation of the proposed antenna. In this research, a mathematically inspired generalized antenna is proposed for 1.8/1.9 GHz application in the 1.5–2.1 GHz range. The bandwidth in this case is 600 MHz. The return loss is −78 dB at the resonant with more than 17 dB isolation in the entire band. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is found below 5 × 10−3. The overall size of the antenna is 40 × 81.76 mm2on FR‐4 dielectric laminate. To improve the isolation further, a parasitic element is used between the radiating elements, and it provides 7 dB improvements in isolation and is confirmed by the surface current distribution. The radiation efficiency is more than 90%, and maximum current density of 29.9 A/m2 is found in the entire band. In this study, evaluation and discussion of additional antenna performance parameters channel capacity loss (CCL), mean effective gain (MEG), and specific absorption rate (SAR) are also included.
Cytotechnology schools: Future outlook
Authors: Rockson Lois
Published: February 2024

Recent changes in the standard and guidelines governing the education of cytotechnologists herald in a new era of cytology education. The long‐discussed move to master level education and name change of the professional to cytologist signifies an alignment with current and projected scope of mid‐level diagnostic cytology practice. Cytotechnology programs going forward are charged with implementing curricular changes that prepare practitioners to perform tasks such as computer assisted screening, and cell block interpretation as well as to perform evidence‐based research methods. Cytotechnology education programs are sure to face challenges particularly in student recruitment and the hiring of expert faculty. There are however opportunities for programs to develop innovative teaching techniques, recruit from underrepresented groups and collaborate to develop needed curricular resources. The future outlook for cytotechnology programs is that they are at a turning point, poised to educate the next generation of pathology extenders who will continue to be integral members of the patient care team.
The children of parents who receive treatment for binge‐eating disorder experience improvements in disordered eating
Authors: Lydecker Janet A. , Ozbardakci Elise V. , Grilo Carlos M.
Published: February 2024

Objective

Parental eating disorders are associated with disordered eating behaviors and psychopathology in their children, but it is not known whether parent treatment for binge‐eating disorder (BED) is associated with changes in child disordered eating behaviors and weight. Benefits or the “ripple” effect of treatment on untreated family members has been described in the obesity literature but not for BED.

Method

Participants evaluated for two randomized clinical trials for BED were screened for whether they had children. 76 parents completed baseline assessments about a school‐aged child; 62 were randomized to treatment, of whom 41 completed end‐of‐treatment assessments about their child's eating behaviors and weight (which were not targeted in the parent treatments).

Results

Analyses revealed a significant effect of time on children's binge‐eating frequency and perceived weight category and a significant effect of parent medication on perceived weight category. Parental change in binge eating was associated significantly with changes in child secretive eating and food hoarding. Parental change in weight was not associated significantly with change in age/sex‐normed child BMI percentile, but had some associations with parent‐perceived child weight category.

Conclusions

Parent changes during their treatment were associated with changes in their children. Future longitudinal research is needed to examine when disordered eating emerges and clarify critical intervention timing related to children's age and parental BED. Further clinical research is also needed to assess the effectiveness of treating disordered eating at the family level.

Public Significance

Prior cross‐sectional work has found that parents with BED are more likely to have children who engage in binge eating compared to parents without eating‐disorder psychopathology. This study was an initial exploration of change in children when parents received treatment in randomized controlled trials for BED. In this study, parent changes in binge eating were associated with reduced child secretive eating and food hoarding.
B(C6F5)3‐Catalysed Alkylation of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines Using α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Alotaibi Nusaybah , Babaahmadi Rasool , Pramanik Milan , Das Sampurna , Kariuki Benson M. , Richards Emma , Wirth Thomas , Melen Rebecca L.
Published: February 2024

Fluorinated triarylboranes have shown a breadth of reactivity as catalysts for organic transformations, particularly in carbon‐carbon bond forming reactions. Herein we report a facile, metal‐free synthetic route for the addition of 2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines to α,β‐unsaturated ketones using B(C6F5)3 as a metal‐free catalyst. 25 examples of reactions leading to products in up to 97 % yield are reported. DFT studies show the role of B(C6F5)3 and hydrogen shuttling in the mechanism of this Michael alkylation.