bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of dietary plant fats and antioxidant supplementations on performance, apparent metabolizable energy and protein digestibility, lipid oxidation and fatty acid composition of meat in broiler chicken
Authors: Abbasi Mohammad Ali , Ghazanfari Shokoufe , Sharifi Seyed Davood , Ahmadi Gavlighi Hassan
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary different antioxidants and plant oils on performance, apparent metabolizable energy and protein digestibility, meat quality and meat fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. In all, 480 male broiler chicks of 1‐day old were assigned in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement 2 × 5 (plant oil sources [soybean and rapeseed oils] and antioxidant sources [vitamin E, Thyme, Rosemary and Satureja essential oils] furthermore control treatment without antioxidant). The results indicated that at 1–42 d of age, growth performance and carcass yield of birds were not influenced by dietary plant oils and antioxidant supplementations. Dietary Thyme essential oil (300 mg/kg) resulted in an increase in crude protein digestibility and birds fed on diets without antioxidant showed increase in the apparent metabolizable energy (p < .01). Birds receiving the combination of soybean oil with Rosemary essential oil had lowest malondialdehyde concentration in comparison to birds receiving other treatments (p < .05) in the drumstick meat. Also, birds receiving the combination of soybean oil with vitamin E had lowest malondialdehyde concentration in comparison to birds receiving other treatments (p < .05) in the breast meat. The results indicated that treatments did not influence water holding capacity of meat. Also, dietary rapeseed oil and Thyme essential oil supplementations, separately, decreased saturated fatty acid (p < .01) and increased unsaturated fatty acid and unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio (p < .01) of drumstick meat tissue in broiler chicken (p < .01). In conclusion, dietary rapeseed oil and Thyme essential oil increased in n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the drumstick meat (p < .01) and a combination of dietary soybean oil, Rosemary essential oil and vitamin E decreased the lipid oxidation in the meat of broiler chickens (p < .05).
Comanagement of groundwater: A review
Authors: Molle François , Closas Alvar
Published: November 2019

The sustainability of groundwater abstraction is fast becoming a global challenge. This article reviews cases and assess the potential of groundwater comanagement, beginning by identifying a comanagement spectrum with varying degrees of role sharing between the state and user communities. Twelve case studies selected from a global review illustrate varied levels of success. Key contextual elements are identified that contribute to raising the chances of success of comanagement. These include certain characteristics of the user community, the existence of a credible environmental or legal threat, joint monitoring and transparency, and substantial available funding. State action is shown to involve a delicate balance between “carrots” and “sticks” as part of a wider political balancing between parties. The limitations of both state‐ and community‐centered governance make comanagement appear as a way forward but a delicate set of conditions is needed for it to be effective.

This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Water Governance

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Analyses of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) diet with various browse and pellet inclusion levels
Authors: Wood Jordan , Koutsos Elizabeth , Kendall Corinne J. , Minter Larry J. , Tollefson Troy N. , Heugten Kimberly Ange‐van
Published: November 2019

To more closely simulate the diet of free‐ranging elephants, the diet of six (2.4) African elephants (Loxodonta africana) was altered to include more browse and less pelleted complete feed (5% total diet). Dietary proximate compounds, minerals, vitamins A (and carotenoids), D and E, and fatty acids were analyzed on pelleted diet items and forages including hay, grass, and browse. A total of 42 browse species were offered over 1 year with an average total diet inclusion of 5.2% (dry matter basis) per day. Dietary Na and Se were low while Fe and Mn were high compared to published intake levels for elephants. Analyzed nutrients within browse varied widely among seasons and species. Ingredient analyses were used to create predicted elephant nutrient intake for (a) the current diet, (b) a diet excluding pellets, and (c) a diet excluding pellets and providing browse at doubled levels. Formulated diets excluding pellets had lower mineral levels than the current diet and doubled browse did not alter mineral inclusions of concern. This study provides seasonal data on the nutrient levels of Southeastern browse species important for various pachyderm and herbivorous species. Predicted nutrient intake with new diet scenarios does not support the exclusion of pellets in the diets of African elephants without greater browse quantity availability, strict diet management, or additional supplements.
Nonstandard neutrino interactions at COHERENT, DUNE, T2HK and LHC
Authors: Han Tao , Liao Jiajun , Liu Hongkai , Marfatia Danny
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We study how nonstandard neutrino interactions (NSI) may be probed by a combination of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, neutrino oscillation and collider data, from COHERENT, DUNE, T2HK and the high-luminosity (HL) LHC. We focus on NSI induced by a new flavored gauge boson Z′ in a generic anomaly-free ultraviolet- complete model. For Z′ masses above 10 GeV, the HL-LHC has the best sensitivity regard- less of the flavor structure of the model. For masses between 0.01 GeV−10 GeV, current LHCb data and future COHERENT data have the best sensitivity unless the Z′ couplings to the first and second generation leptons are suppressed, in which case DUNE and T2HK have the best sensitivity. For Z′ masses between about 5 MeV−20 MeV, DUNE and T2HK have the best sensitivity. We also show how joint analyses of COHERENT and LHC data may constrain such models.
Congruences for $${\varvec{q}}$$-Binomial Coefficients
Authors: Zudilin Wadim
Published: November 2019

We discussq-analogues of the classical congruence$$\left( {\begin{array}{c}ap\\ bp\end{array}}\right) \equiv \left( {\begin{array}{c}a\\ b\end{array}}\right) \pmod {p^3}$$apbp≡ab(modp3), for primes$$p>3$$p>3, as well as its generalisations. In particular, we prove related congruences for (q-analogues of) integral factorial ratios.
Vorschlag einer Qualitätssicherungsmethode für geogen belasteten Bodenaushub
Authors: Wellacher Martin , Brechlmacher Markus , Poschacher Franz , Pomberger Roland
Published: November 2019

Geogene Belastungen von Metallen gibt es in vielen Böden, auch in der Steiermark. Bodenaushub, der verwertet werden soll, muss gesetzlich festgelegte Grenzwerte, u. a. für Metalle, unterschreiten. Über solche Grenzwerte geogen belasteter Bodenaushub ist in Österreich zur Deponierung bestimmt. Es ist jedoch Stand der Wissenschaft und Forschung, dass auch in grenzwertüberschreitenden Gehalten vorkommende Metalle nicht mobil sein müssen und so auch keine toxische Wirkung hätten.

Die vorgestellte Entwicklung betrifft Böden aus geogen mit Metallen belasteten Regionen, wie sie in der Steiermark häufig vorkommen. Für von dort stammenden Bodenaushub wurde eine Qualitätssicherungsmethode entwickelt, mit der festgestellt werden kann, ob dieser unbedenklich zur Verwertung geeignet ist oder bedenklich ist und daher nur deponiert werden darf.

Im Zuge der vorgeschlagenen Methode wurden drei Fragen behandelt und beantwortet: 1) Ist die Belastung eines Bodens geogenen oder anthropogenen Ursprungs? 2) Wie mobil sind die betrachteten Metalle im Bodenaushub hinsichtlich ihres Transfers vom Boden in Pflanzen? 3) Wie mobil sind die betrachteten Metalle hinsichtlich ihres Transfers vom Boden ins Grundwasser? Die Methode besteht dementsprechend aus drei Teilen, einer Methode zur Unterscheidung geogener von anthropogenen Metallbelastungen, einem Kleingefäßtest und einem Großgefäßtest.
A miniaturized solid-contact potentiometric multisensor platform for determination of ionic profiles in human saliva
Authors: Urbanowicz Marcin , Pijanowska Dorota G. , Jasiński Artur , Ekman Marcin , Bocheńska Maria K.
Published: November 2019

This paper describes a miniaturized multisensor platform (MP-ISES) consisting of electrodes: a reference one (RE) and ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) for monitoring Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, and SCN− ions and pH in human saliva. Gold electrode surface was modified by deposition of two layers: electrosynthesized PEDOT:PSS forming an intermediate layer, and ion-selective membrane. The developed ISEs were characterized by a wide linear range and sensitivity consistent with the Nernst model. The entire MP-ISEs are characterized by satisfactory metrological parameters demonstrating their applicability in biomedical research, in particular in measurements concerning determination of ionic profiles of saliva. Saliva samples of 18 volunteers aged from 20 to 26 participating in a month experiment had been daily collected and investigated using the MP-ISEs assigned individually to each person. Personalized profiles of ions (ionograms) in saliva, such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, SCN−, and H+, were obtained.
Solid-state synthesis of NASICON (Na3Zr2Si2PO12) using nanoparticle precursors for optimisation of ionic conductivity
Authors: Jalalian-Khakshour A. , Phillips C. O. , Jackson L. , Dunlop T. O. , Margadonna S. , Deganello D.
Published: November 2019

In this work, the effect of varying the size of the precursor raw materials SiO2 and ZrO2 in the solid-state synthesis of NASICON in the form Na3Zr2Si2PO12 was studied. Nanoscale and macro-scale precursor materials were selected for comparison purposes, and a range of sintering times were examined (10, 24 and 40 h) at a temperature of 1230 °C. Na3Zr2Si2PO12 pellets produced from nanopowder precursors were found to produce substantially higher ionic conductivities, with improved morphology and higher density than those produced from larger micron-scaled precursors. The nanoparticle precursors were shown to give a maximum ionic conductivity of 1.16 × 10−3 S cm−1 when sintered at 1230 °C for 40 h, in the higher range of published solid-state Na3Zr2Si2PO12 conductivities. The macro-precursors gave lower ionic conductivity of 0.62 × 10−3 S cm−1 under the same processing conditions. Most current authors do not quote or consider the precursor particle size for solid-state synthesis of Na3Zr2Si2PO12. This study shows the importance of precursor powder particle size in the microstructure and performance of Na3Zr2Si2PO12 during solid-state synthesis and offers a route to improved predictability and consistency of the manufacturing process.
Quantification of common aminopolycarboxylic acids in trench leachate from the Low Level Waste Repository
Authors: O’Hanlon James A. , Chapman Robert D. , Taylor Frank , Denecke Melissa A.
Published: November 2019

The aminopolycarboxylic acids (APCAs), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), are used as decontamination agents throughout the nuclear industry; therefore, APCAs are often found in radioactive waste. Limits of acceptance on APCAs are imposed on wastes consigned to the Low Level Waste Repository (LLWR) because, when present in the waste, the ligands have the potential to mobilise otherwise surface-bound or solid radionuclides, making them available for transport to groundwater and ultimately to the bio-sphere. A selective and sensitive methodology to detect and quantify these ligands in a range of complex matrices is advantageous in supporting waste acceptance processes. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure has been applied for quantification of EDTA, DTPA and NTA in their Fe(III)-complex form. Method validation results show linearity (r2 > 0.999), precision (intra/inter-day %RSD ≤ 10%), accuracy (recovery = 100 ± 3%), sensitivity (minimum limits of detection = 0.31, 0.38 and 4.3 μM for EDTA, DTPA and NTA, respectively) and selectivity (simultaneous determination of the three APCA complexes achieved with baseline resolution) for Fe(III)-APCAs in aqueous solution. Chromatographic peak overlap is observed for samples containing Fe(III)- and Co(III)-EDTA; two deconvolution methods (2D least-squares fitting vs. PARAFAC) were applied to resolve the peaks and the performances compared. The optimised HPLC method was applied to trench leachate samples from the LLWR site. EDTA was detected with 0.4 μM < concentrations < 1 μM in samples from four of the six sampling locations tested. The levels are not considered sufficient to increase the risk of radionuclide mobilisation. The technique is considered to be robust and will be considered further in informing limits of acceptance on APCAs.
Is quality of life after mastectomy comparable to that after breast conservation surgery? A 5-year follow up study from Mumbai, India
Authors: Deepa K. V. , Gadgil A. , Löfgren Jenny , Mehare S. , Bhandarkar Prashant , Roy N.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in women worldwide. Surgery is a central part of the treatment. Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is often replaced by breast conserving therapy (BCT) in high-income countries. MRM is still the standard choice, in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as radiotherapy, a mandatory component of BCT is not widely available. It is important to understand whether quality of life (QOL) after MRM is comparable to that after BCT. This has not been studied well in LMICs. We present, 5-year follow-up of QOL scores in breast cancer patients from India.

Methods

We interviewed women undergoing breast cancer surgery preoperatively, at 6 months after surgery, and at 1 year and 5 years, postoperatively. QOL scores were evaluated using FACT B questionnaire. Average QOL scores of women undergoing BCT were compared with those undergoing MRM. Total scores, domain scores and trends of scores over time were analyzed.

Results

We interviewed 54 women with a mean age of 53 years (SD 9 ± years). QOL scores in all the women, dipped during the treatment period, in all subscales but improved thereafter and even surpassed the baseline in physical, emotional and breast-specific domains (p < 0.05) at 5 years. At the end of 5 years, there was no statistically significant difference between the MRM and BCT groups in any of the total or domain scores.

Conclusion

QOL scores in Indian women did not differ significantly between MRM and BCT in the long term. Both options are acceptable in the study setting.
The influence of the size of metal particles on the catalytic activity of Ni and Cu-supported catalysts in methanol reforming reaction
Authors: Shtyka Oleksandr , Ciesielski Radoslaw , Kitsyuk Evgeny , Savitsky Andrey , Maniecki Tomasz
Published: November 2019

The aim of the work was to investigate how the size of Ni and Cu-supported nanoparticles influence their activity in an oxidative steam reforming of methanol. The size of metal particles was controlled by the initial introduction or elimination of oxygen-containing groups on the surface of carbon nanotubes. The results of the activity tests showed that catalysts with the smallest metal nanoparticles were the least active since they easily underwent oxidation during the process.
The Role of Psychological Sense of School Membership and Postcode as Predictors of Profiles of Socio-emotional Health in Primary School Children in England
Authors: Castro-Kemp Susana , Palikara Olympia , Gaona Carolina , Eirinaki Vasiliki , Furlong Michael J.
Published: November 2019

A dual approach to mental health in schools has been widely defended, where the assessment of psychological distress and the examination of strengths/well-being are two separate continua. In line with a well-being approach, school belonging has been referenced as an important indicator of mental health in children. This study explored the predictive role of school sense of belonging alongside other demographic variables (gender, main language spoken at home, and socio-economic status of postcode) on the socio-emotional health profiles of primary school children in England. Children (N = 522) were recruited from three primary schools in Greater London. A survey including measures of school belonging and socio-emotional health was administered to all children. Results showed that it is possible to identify groups of students at primary school level based on socio-emotional health ratings on gratitude, zest, optimism, and perseverance. School sense of membership, as measured by the psychological sense of school membership primary (PSSM-P), was the best predictor of group membership and, together with socio-economic status, explains 37% of the variance in socio-emotional health profiles. Belonging starts affecting well-being and socio-emotional health as early as in primary school, hence the importance of universal screening and early preventive actions to promote well-being in this age range. The study provides evidence supporting the use of the abbreviated (PSSM-P) in predicting socio-emotional health profiles, with potential to complement distress-based measures.
The perverse fisheries consequences of mosquito net malaria prophylaxis in East Africa
Authors: Jones Benjamin L. , Unsworth Richard K. F.
Published: November 2019

Malaria is a serious global health issue, with around 200 million cases per year. As such, great effort has been put into the mass distribution of bed nets as a means of prophylaxis within Africa. Distributed mosquito nets are intended to be used for malaria protection, yet increasing evidence suggests that fishing is a primary use for these nets, providing fresh concerns for already stressed coastal ecosystems. While research documents the scale of mosquito net fisheries globally, no quantitative analysis of their landings exists. The effects of these fisheries on the wider ecosystem assemblages have not previously been examined. In this study, we present the first detailed analysis of the sustainability of these fisheries by examining the diversity, age class, trophic structure and magnitude of biomass removal. Dragnet landings, one of two gear types in which mosquito nets can be utilised, were recorded across ten sites in northern Mozambique where the use of Mosquito nets for fishing is common. Our results indicate a substantial removal of juveniles from coastal seagrass meadows, many of which are commercially important in the region or play important ecological roles. We conclude that the use of mosquito nets for fishing may contribute to food insecurity, greater poverty and the loss of ecosystem functioning.
Does Hypersegregation Matter for Black-White Socioeconomic Disparities?
Authors: Hess Chris , Gabriel Ryan , Leibbrand Christine , Crowder Kyle
Published: November 2019

Massey and Denton’s concept of hypersegregation describes how multiple and distinct forms of black-white segregation lead to high levels of black-white stratification. However, numerous studies assessing the association between segregation and racial stratification applied only one or two dimensions of segregation, neglecting how multiple forms of segregation combine to potentially exacerbate socioeconomic disparities between blacks and whites. We address this by using data from the U.S. Census from 1980 to 2010 and data from the American Community Survey from 2012 to 2016 to assess trajectories for black-white disparities in educational attainment, employment, and neighborhood poverty between metropolitan areas with hypersegregation and black-white segregation, as measured by the dissimilarity index. Using a time-varying measure of segregation types, our results indicate that in some cases, hypersegregated metropolitan areas have been associated with larger black-white socioeconomic disparities beyond those found in metropolitan areas that are highly segregated in terms of dissimilarity but are not hypersegregated. However, the contrasts in black-white socioeconomic inequality between hypersegregated metropolitan areas and those with high segregation largely diminish by the 2012 to 2016 observation.
Fragmentation or Diversification? Ethnoracial Change and the Social and Economic Heterogeneity of Places
Authors: Tach Laura , Lee Barrett , Martin Michael , Hannscott Lauren
Published: November 2019

Our study investigates the diversification and fragmentation theses, fueled by claims that greater diversity is reshaping the social fabric of American life and that the United States is an increasingly fragmented nation. We take a multidimensional view of heterogeneity that considers whether growing ethnoracial diversity within U.S. communities (i.e., incorporated and unincorporated places) has resulted in the consolidation or differentiation of demographic, sociocultural, and economic distinctions between 1980 and 2010. As communities have become more ethnoracially diverse, they have become more heterogeneous in language and nativity—two characteristics tied closely to Latino and Asian population growth. However, ethnoracial diversity within communities is only weakly associated with household, age, educational, occupational, or income heterogeneity despite large racial/ethnic differences in these characteristics nationally. This trend does not apply to all forms of ethnoracial diversity equally: Hispanic and especially Asian population growth is more likely to generate community sociodemographic and economic heterogeneity than is black population growth. Consistent with the fragmentation hypothesis, we also find that broader geographic context matters, with more ethnoracially diverse metropolitan and micropolitan areas experiencing reduced social and economic heterogeneity inside their constituent places. We conclude by discussing the social implications of these patterns for intergroup relations, spatial exclusion, and ethnoracial inequality.
Antibacterial activity of LaNiO3 prepared by sonicated sol-gel method using combination fuel
Authors: Jadhav Ashwini Lalaso , Khetre Sanjay Mahadev
Published: November 2019

Sonicated sol-gel method was used to prepare LaNiO3from lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate La(NO3)3.6H2O(LN), nickel nitrate Ni(NO3)3.6H2O(NN), glycine and urea. Nanocrystalline LaNiO3powder was formed after heating at 175 °C in 5 min. Particle size of LaNiO3nanopowder was determined by Debay Scherrer’s equation and was found 48 nm. Prepared nanocatalyst characterized with the help of XRD, TGA, SEM, IR, BET surface area, EDX. Surface area of LaNiO3was 9.22 m2/g. We have reported first time good antibacterial activity of LaNiO3forStaphylococcus aureus. Zone of inhibition for LaNiO3was 13 mm studied with the help of agar cup method.
Keratoconus Indices and Their Determinants in Healthy Eyes of a Rural Population
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Pakzad Reza , Heydarian Samira , Yekta AbbasAli , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Mortazavi Mahdi , Ramin Shahroukh , Khabazkhoob Mehdi
Published: November 2019

Purpose:

To determine the distribution of keratoconus indices in a 5-93-year-old healthy eyes of a rural population in Iran.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, multi-stage cluster sampling was applied to select subjects from two villages in the north and southwest of Iran. After obtaining informed consent, all subjects underwent ophthalmologic and optometric examinations. Corneal imaging by the Pentacam was done in subjects above 5 years between 9 a.m. and 2 p.m., at least 3 h after wakeup. All subjects who had abnormal keratoconus indices were excluded. Our main outcome was keratometry-flat (Kf), keratometry-steep (Ks), keratoconus index (KI), and central keratoconus index (CKI).

Results:

The mean ± standard deviation of Kf, Ks, KI, and CKI was 43.12 ± 1.74, 44.25 ± 1.65, 1.02 ± 0.02, and 1.01 ± 0.01, respectively. According to multiple linear regression analysis, the mean index surface variance (ISV) (b: -1.367,P< 0.001), index vertical asymmetry (IVA) (b: -0.012,P< 0.001), KI (b: -0.011,P< 0.001), CKI (b: -0.001,P< 0.001), index height asymmetry (IHA) (b: -0.491, P: 0.005), and index height decentration (IHD) (b: -0.001,P< 0.001) were lower in men compared to women. Moreover, age had an indirect association with ISV (b: -0.030,P< 0.001) and average pachymetric progression index (RPI_avg) (b: -0.001,P< 0.001), and a direct association with KI, CKI, and IHA. Spherical equivalence had an indirect association with KI (b: -0.001,P< 0.001) and RPI_avg (b: -0.004,P< 0.001) and a direct association with CKI (b: 0.001,P< 0.001). Among all variables, sex had the greatest impact on ISV, IVA, KI, IHA, IHD, and minimum sagittal curvature.

Conclusions:

The Keratoconus indices of our study were similar to other studies. Although age, living place, and type of refractive error were associated with some indices, sex was the strongest determinant of Keratoconus indices in a population of healthy eyes.
A lateral super-resolution imaging method using structured illumination without phase shift
Authors: Jia Yuan , Lu Junsheng , Chang Xinyu , Hu Xiaodong
Published: November 2019

Structured illumination microscopy has been a useful method for achieving lateral super-resolution, but it typically requires at least three precise phase shifts per orientation. In this paper, we propose a super-resolution method that utilizes structured illumination without phase shift. The reconstruction process requires only a conventionally illuminated image and an image with structured illumination. This method achieves the same effect as the traditional phase shift method, and more than doubles the resolution by synthesizing a few reconstructions at different illumination frequencies. We verify the resolution improvement process using a combination of theoretical derivations and diagrams, and demonstrate its effectiveness with numerical simulations.
Monetizing Bowser: A Contingent Valuation of the Statistical Value of Dog Life
Authors: Carlson Deven , Haeder Simon , Jenkins-Smith Hank , Ripberger Joseph , Silva Carol , Weimer David
Published: November 2019

Households in the USA spend about $70 billion annually on pets. Dogs, the most common pet, can be found in nearly half of American households. An important shadow price in the analysis of policies affecting human mortality is the value of statistical life (VSL), which is imputed from how people make decisions involving tradeoffs between small mortality risks and other goods. The value of statistical dog life (VSDL) is also an important, but until now unavailable, shadow price for use in regulation of such goods as pet foods and environmental toxins. Additionally, an estimate of the VSDL would have uses outside the regulatory process in valuing programs involving zooeyia, in setting tort awards for wrongful dog death, and in property divisions in divorce settlements where joint custody of dogs is not feasible. In order to estimate the VSDL, we conducted a contingent valuation of a national sample of dog owners that elicited willingness-to-pay for changes in mortality risk for pet dogs. Specifically, respondents were asked about willingness-to-pay for a vaccine that would reduce the risk of canine influenza. The design included both quantity (different magnitudes of risk reduction from the offered vaccine) and quality (differences in nature of death from the influenza) treatments as scope tests. It also included treatments involving spillover effects to other dogs and a priming question about disposable income. Based on the analysis and consideration of its assumptions, we recommend $10,000 as the VSDL.
The psychiatrist as philosopher: an appreciation of Dr Séamus Mac Suibhne (Sweeney) (1978–2019)
Authors: Kelly B. D. , O’Loughlin K.
Published: November 2019

Dr Séamus Mac Suibhne (Sweeney), consultant psychiatrist and writer, who died on 8 September 2019, was a unique, much admired figure in Irish psychiatry. His interests ranged from clinical care to philosophy, from medical education to history, from innovative technology to the natural world. He was a dedicated family man as well as a doctor, scholar and writer who moved between academic fields with ease and erudition. As a clinician, he consistently placed compassion at the centre of care. Séamus’s work appeared in the Lancet, BMJ, British Journal of Psychiatry, International Journal of Social Psychiatry and Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, among other publications. He also wrote for the Guardian, Spectator, Scotsman and Times Literary Supplement. Séamus had a particular passion for better acknowledgement and treatment of mental illness among psychiatrists, and his compelling advocacy on this theme is one of his lasting legacies.
School bullying, school mindfulness and school academic performance: A structural equation modelling study
Authors: Tekel Esra , Karadag Engin
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to test the effects of school bullying on school mindfulness and school academic performance through a structural equation model. The study was framed around the correlational design method; school bullying was taken as the independent variable and school mindfulness and school academic performance were used as the dependent variables. The study participants consisted of 156 high school teachers working in three of the schools selected from various school districts by means of the maximum variation sampling method. The data were collected via the School Bullying Scale (Tintorer, 2004 ), the School Mindfulness Scale (Hoy, Gage, & Tarter, 2006 ), and the average scores on the Higher Education Transition exam for each school. Path analysis was conducted to enable associating measurement errors in both latent and observed variables. Our study findings show that school bullying negatively affects school mindfulness and academic performance and that school mindfulness positively affects academic performance. In addition, the findings reveal that verbal bullying, consisting of behaviours such as harassing phone calls, taking someone’s money or belongings by force, intimidating actions with violent threats, name calling, racist expressions and teasing, swearing, lying to others or insulting them, is more frequently observed than other bullying types.
Searching for specific sentence meaning in context: the conceptual relation between participants
Authors: LAI YAO-YING , PIÑANGO MARIA MERCEDES
Published: November 2019

abstract

We argue that the interpretation of transitive aspectual-verb sentences like “Sue finishes the book” results from an evaluation of the degree of asymmetry in control power between the participants in the sentence.Control asymmetryis proposed as one conceptual constraint on sentence meaning precisification. An evaluation of ‘high control asymmetry’ for the relation between “Sue” and “book” yields an agentive/actor-undergoer interpretation (Sue is doing something involving the book). An evaluation of ‘low control asymmetry’ yields a constitutive/part–whole interpretation (Sue’s story is the last one in the book). Which reading emerges depends on the comprehender’s control-asymmetry evaluation based on contextual cues or, in the absence of explicit context, based on conventionalized control asymmetry expectations given the participants’ denotations. Results show that semantically under-specified aspectual-verb sentences such as “Sue finishes/begins/continues the book” (i) receive multiple readings in a control-asymmetry neutral context, (ii) are judged as less acceptable than their control asymmetry-biased counterparts, and (iii) clearly evidence theconstitutivereading as part of their core reading. These findings are consistent with a real-time linguistic meaning composition system that systematically draws from context guided by lexically driven semantic demands and that presents the structure of these demands as a cognitively viable metric of complexity.
Politics and the Life Sciences
Authors: Murray Gregg R. , Beall Anne , Fletcher Amy , Grillo Michael C. , Senior Carl , Mansell Jordan
Published: November 2019

Some would argue there is a global movement afoot to study “biopolitics.” More and more scholarly reports that help shape our understanding of the political domain from this perspective are filling the pages of research journals. This is an important era of increasing scholarly interest in the intersection of the political and biological worlds and the rapidly evolving analytical innovations available to explore this still under-explored domain. With the arrival of these new opportunities comes a new editorial team at Politics and the Life Sciences (PLS). It is a team that extends its appreciation to the Council of the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences for the trust they put in it to steer the journal forward at this interesting and critical time. As well, it is a team that expresses its heartfelt gratitude to its immediate predecessors, Tony Wohlers, Maggie Kosal, and their editorial colleagues, for their determined leadership of the journal over the last three years and the easy transition they facilitated for the new team. They clearly laid a firm foundation for the next stage of the development of the journal.
HOMER AND THE WRATH OF JULIAN
Authors: Greenwood David Neal
Published: November 2019

‘Everyone who now reads and writes in the West, of whatever racial background, sex or ideological camp, is still a son or daughter of Homer.’ While the extent to which this claim is accurate has been disputed, it is not wrong in our own day to grant the highest honours for ongoing influence to the author of theIliad. All the more so in Late Antiquity, a period frequently viewed as hermetically isolated from the classical world, but which resolutely viewed itself as part of that unbroken cultural and literary continuum. One of those who made repeated use of Homer's epic was the Emperor Julian (a.d.331–63), one of the most prolific writers among Rome's emperors. In the fourth centurya.d., Homer's influence was still predominant, not only being Julian's favourite and most frequently cited author but also forming for Libanius of Antioch ‘one of the pillars of rhetorical teaching’. Despite Glen Bowersock's statement that Julian's many writings offer unique insight into his character and disposition, Julian is still a historical character who is not easy to ‘know’. Julian's life was shaped by the murder of his father, brothers and uncles by a cabal involving, if not orchestrated by, his cousin Constantius II. This was followed by the removal of his trusted confidant Salutius, again by Constantius. These experiences exhibit an unusual phenomenon, in that, when Julian referred to them, they were prefaced by a spate of Homeric allusions. Julian's wrath at people taken from him was both genuine and politically useful, but the expression of it was dangerous enough that he expressed it obliquely in the language of Homer. These citations and allusions, drawn primarily from theIliad, were far more than Julian's flaunting of his education, but were rather a tool for subtly conveying his desired message, a message with strong political tones. I will treat these passages in the order in which Julian wrote them, although that places the events reminisced about in the reverse order.
Prograde polyphase regional metamorphism of pelitic rocks, NW of Jamshedpur, eastern India: constraints from textural relationship, pseudosection modelling and geothermobarometry
Authors: Prakash D , Patel DK , Yadav MK , Vishal B , Tewari S , Yadav R , Rai SK , Singh CK
Published: November 2019

The study area belongs to the Singhbhum metamorphic belt of Jharkhand, situated in the eastern part of India. The spatial distribution of the index minerals in the pelitic schists of the area shows Barrovian type of metamorphism. Three isograds, viz. garnet, staurolite and sillimanite, have been delineated and the textural study of the schists has revealed a time relation between crystallization and deformation. Series of folds with shifting values of plunges in the supracrustal rocks having axial-planar schistosity to the folds have been widely cited. Development of these folds could be attributed to the second phase of deformation. In total, two phases of deformation, D1and D2, in association with two phases of metamorphism, M1and M2, have been lined up in the study area. Chemographic plots of reactant and product assemblages corresponding to various metamorphic reactions suggest that the pattern of metamorphic zones mapped in space is in coherence with the temporal-sequential change during prograde metamorphism. The progradeP–Tevolution of the study area has been obtained using conventional geothermobarometry, internally consistent winTWQ program and Perple_X software in the MnNCKFMASHTO model system. Our observations suggest that the progressive metamorphism in the area is not related to granitic intrusion or migmatization but that it was possibly the ascending plume that resulted in the M1phase of metamorphism followed by D1deformation. The second and prime metamorphic phase, M2,with its possible heat source generated by crustal overloading, was preceded by D1and it lasted until late- to post-D2deformation.
Human Rights Half Measures: Avoiding Accountability in Postwar Sri Lanka
Authors: Cronin-Furman Kate
Published: November 2019

Why do repressive states create human rights institutions that cost them money and political capital but fail to silence international criticism? The academic literature assumes that states engaging in disingenuous human rights behavior are hoping to persuade (or deceive) liberal Western states and international advocates. But if human rights promoters in the West are the target audience for the creation of these half measures institutions, the strategy appears puzzlingly miscalculated. It reveals that the repressive state is sensitive to international opinion, and often results in increased pressure. The author argues that states engaging in human rights half measures are playing to a different, previously overlooked audience: swing states that can act as veto points on multilateral efforts to enforce human rights. The article illustrates these dynamics with a case study of Sri Lanka’s response to international pressure for postwar justice. The author shows that although the creation of a series of weak investigative commissions was prompted by pressure from Western governments andngos, it was not an attempt to satisfy or hoodwink these actors. Instead, it was part of a coalition-blocking strategy to convince fellow developing states on the UN Human Rights Council to oppose the creation of an international inquiry and to give them the political cover to do so.
Above-ground biomass estimation for a shrubby mistletoe in an Amazonian savanna
Authors: Fadini Sarah Rosane M. C. , Barbosa Reinaldo I. , Rode Rafael , Corrêa Viviane , Fadini Rodrigo F.
Published: November 2019

Mistletoes are considered keystone species on woodlands and savannas worldwide, providing a food resource for a diversified fauna, as well as a nutrient-enriched litter. Infections can be large (∼1–3 m) and, in some parts of the Amazonian savannas, parasitize up to 70% of hosts locally. Despite these facts, biomass of mistletoes is rarely investigated. Here we constructed allometric models to predict the biomass stock of the shrubby mistletoe Psittacanthus plagiophyllus in an Amazonian savanna. In addition, we determined whether host size could be used as a proxy for mistletoe biomass. Finally, we compared the biomass of mistletoes with that of trees, to evaluate their relative importance. We have shown that: (1) biomass of leaves (46.1% ± 13.5%) are as important as of stems (47.8% ± 13.5%), and relative contribution of stems increases as plant grows; (2) the model including width, breadth and vertical depth was the best (SE = 0.39, R2 = 0.9) for predicting individual mistletoe biomass; (3) mistletoe load and biomass per host had a positive, but weak (R2 = 0.11 and 0.09, respectively), relationship with host size, and thus such host information is a poor predictor of mistletoe biomass; and (4) in comparison with trees, mistletoes constituted less than 0.15% (0.5–22 kg ha−1) of the total above-ground biomass, suggesting that this life-form is irrelevant to the local biomass stock despite its unequivocal biological importance.
Improved Heuristic Drift Elimination Algorithm Optimisation Based on a Smartphone Gyroscope
Authors: Guo Ying , Ji Xianlei , Guo Jinyun , Zhen Jie , Xu Ying , Liu Qinghua , Sun Yuxi
Published: November 2019

Heading errors caused by gyroscope drift affect the positioning precision of pedestrian dead reckoning, and these errors are even greater for smartphone-based reckoning. In this study, an optimised improved heuristic drift elimination (O-iHDE) method is proposed to correct the heading errors on a smartphone gyroscope. Based on an analysis of the improved heuristic drift elimination (iHDE) and enhanced improved heuristic drift elimination (E-iHDE) algorithms, the quaternion method is used to update the attitude and angle threshold judgement conditions, and a method for correcting the quaternion is added to eliminate the heading errors caused by random gyro errors. The analysis of multiple sets of experiments shows that the new method improves the ability to discern and correct the walking route, and the heading accuracy is improved by more than 90%, which extends the effective operation time of pedestrian dead reckoning positioning based on the step-by-step system.
A Mathematical Programming Approach to Optimum Airspace Sectorisation Problem
Authors: Oktal Hakan , Yaman Kadriye , Kasımbeyli Refail
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study is to provide a balanced distribution of air traffic controller workload (ATCW) across airspace sectors taking into account the complexity of airspace sectors and the factors affecting ATCW, both objective and perceived. Almost all the studies focusing on the airspace sectorisation problem use heuristic or metaheuristic algorithms in dynamic simulation environments instead of a mathematical modelling approach. The paper proposes a multi-objective mixed integer mathematical model for airspace sectorisation. The model is applied to the upper, en-route level of Turkish airspace. Geographical information systems (GIS) are used to advantage for airspace analysis. The multi-objective model developed in this paper is scalarised by using the conic scalarisation method. For solving the scalarised problem, the CPLEX and DICOPT solvers of GAMS software are implemented. Finally, the optimal sector boundaries of Turkish airspace are defined.
Extensions of unification modulo ACUI
Authors: Baader Franz , Marantidis Pavlos , Mottet Antoine , Okhotin Alexander
Published: November 2019

The theory ACUI of an associative, commutative, and idempotent binary function symbol + with unit0was one of the first equational theories for which the complexity of testing solvability of unification problems was investigated in detail. In this paper, we investigate two extensions of ACUI. On one hand, we consider approximate ACUI-unification, where we use appropriate measures to express how close a substitution is to being a unifier. On the other hand, we extend ACUI-unification to ACUIG-unification, that is, unification in equational theories that are obtained from ACUI by adding a finite setGof ground identities. Finally, we combine the two extensions, that is, consider approximate ACUI-unification. For all cases we are able to determine the exact worst-case complexity of the unification problem.
On the street in nineteenth-century London
Authors: Pooley Colin
Published: November 2019

This article uses statements made at London's Central Criminal Court (the Old Bailey) by victims and witnesses of crime in nineteenth-century London to reveal the hidden history of pedestrian movement on the city's streets. It demonstrates that men and women of all ages and social groups walked the streets at most times of the day and night, and argues that walking was not only a normal and taken-for-granted activity, but that pedestrianism could contribute to the development of a community of the street.
Economic burdens on parents of children with autism: a literature review
Authors: Liao Xiaoli , Li Yamin
Published: November 2019

This review aims to summarize evidence from published articles regarding the economic burdens on parents of children diagnosed with autism to elaborate on current research status, discern key findings and provide suggestions for future studies. A total of 1024 records were identified through our systematic literature research, and 33 studies were included in the review. The 33 included studies reported findings from 10 different countries around the world. These articles (published from 2003 to 2017) used a variety of research methods, including quantitative (n = 26), qualitative (n = 4), and mixed (n = 3) study designs. In summary, parents of autistic children were susceptible to adverse employment impacts and increased financial burdens, especially mothers. More attention should be given to the development of appropriate medical resource allocation and the alleviation of economic burdens on parents of children with autism.
Including Stable Carbon Isotopes to Evaluate the Dynamics of Soil Carbon in the Land‐Surface Model ORCHIDEE
Authors: Camino‐Serrano Marta , Tifafi Marwa , Balesdent Jérôme , Hatté Christine , Peñuelas Josep , Cornu Sophie , Guenet Bertrand
Published: November 2019

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a crucial component of the terrestrial carbon cycle and its turnover time in models is a key source of uncertainty. Studies have highlighted the utility of δ13C measurements for benchmarking SOC turnover in global models. We used 13C as a tracer within a vertically discretized soil module of a land‐surface model, Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems‐ Soil Organic Matter (ORCHIDEE‐SOM). Our new module represents some of the processes that have been hypothesized to lead to a 13C enrichment with soil depth as follows: 1) the Suess effect and CO2 fertilization, 2) the relative 13C enrichment of roots compared to leaves, and 3) 13C discrimination associated with microbial activity. We tested if the upgraded soil module was able to reproduce the vertical profile of δ13C within the soil column at two temperate sites and the short‐term change in the isotopic signal of soil after a shift in C3/C4 vegetation. We ran the model over Europe to test its performance at larger scale. The model was able to simulate a shift in the isotopic signal due to short‐term changes in vegetation cover from C3 to C4; however, it was not able to reproduce the overall vertical profile in soil δ13C, which arises as a combination of short and long‐term processes. At the European scale, the model ably reproduced soil CO2 fluxes and total SOC stock. These findings stress the importance of the long‐term history of land cover for simulating vertical profiles of δ13C. This new soil module is an emerging tool for the diagnosis and improvement of global SOC models.