bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating ThingSpeak as an IoT Event Platform on building a Smart Parking Application
Authors: Rocha Aluizio , Souza Arthur , Johnathan Dannylo , Aquino Gibeon , Queiroz Rafael , Melo Mário
Published: January 2020

Many technologies are needed to build computational systems in the context of Smart Cities. At present, the construction of scalable, intelligent and ubiquitous systems is a constant challenge for developers. The evolution of the Internet of Things is one of the several paths to be pursued with the aid of this development. In this way, new models and platforms have been proposed to support the development of its applications. Allied to this challenge this work presents a generic and a conceptual model of an IoT application for Smart Parking. This model is implemented as RFID and RaspberryPi. In addition, it eval- uates the ThingSpeak cloud service for its use as an IoT platform.
Rumo à Melhoria de Produtividade e Sustentabilidade Agrícola por meio da Classificação Automática do Vigor de Sementes de Soja
Authors: De Souza Júnior Marcelo , Bressan Rafael S. , Pereira Douglas F. , Saito Priscila T. M. , Bugatti Pedro H.
Published: January 2020

O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores e exportadores de sementes de soja do mundo. Sua ótima aceitação é dada a suas peculiaridades nutritivas e industriais. Tendo em vista a maior produtividade, a utilização de semente de alta qualidade é um fator importante. Nesse sentido, o teste de tetrazólio têm se destacado, devido à sua precisão e rapidez na avaliação do vigor de sementes de soja. No entanto, o processo de análise é totalmente relacionado ao conhecimento e experiência do analista de semente. Dessa forma, este artigo propõe uma metodologia automática para classificação de sementes de soja por meio de análise de imagens, empregando técnicas de visão computacional agregado ao aprendizado profundo.
Desenvolvimento de capacete inteligente para aplicações de pesquisa de campo ecológico
Authors: Silva Mateus Coelho , Ribeiro Sérvio Pontes , Delabrida Saul , Oliveira Ricardo Augusto Rabelo
Published: January 2020

Forest inventory and management are important topics to enhance environmental protection initiatives and policies. Thus, sampling processes inside the forest environment are normally manual and limited. These conditions nurture an increasing need for novel solutions to enhance environmental perception, especially in ground-sampling processes. In this work, we present a new solution to augment environmental perception. The proposed appliance is a wearable embedded system based on a helmet and projected to acquire environmental data. It also allows the development of new applications to expand the researcher reality perception.
Utilizando Métricas de Qualidade na Avaliação de uma Aplicação para Cidades Inteligentes
Authors: Aragão Alexandre , Moreno Nathyane , Viana Davi , Silva Francisco , Sousa Tercio , Rivero Luis , Teles Ariel , Da Conceição Arlindo , Costa Inaldo
Published: January 2020

Diversas aplicações de software vêm modificando o estilo de vida das pessoas em aspectos tecnológicos e sociais. Um conjunto dessas aplicações possibilitam a criação das chamadas Cidades Inteligentes (CIs). Assim como qualquer outro tipo de aplicação, estas aplicações precisam ser avaliadas para garantir uma qualidade adequada e fornecer uma melhor experiência aos usuários. Contudo, aplicações no contexto de CIs podem conter caracterı́sticas tecnológicas especı́ficas que não são avaliadas em aplicações tradicionais, tais como aspectos de interoperabilidade e mudança de contexto da aplicação de acordo com a alteração do ambiente do usuário. Desta forma, este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a avaliação de duas caracterı́sticas de qualidade relevantes para CIs (sensibilidade ao contexto e calmness). Adicionalmente, apresentamos uma discussão sobre essas caracterı́sticas e suas métricas em relação aos aspectos humanos da interação com a aplicação.
Detecção de Anomalias em Comportamento de Abelhas Utilizando Redes Neurais Recorrentes
Authors: Carvalho Hanna V. F. de , Carvalho Eduardo C. , Arruda Helder , Imperatriz-Fonseca Vera , Souza Paulo de , Pessin Gustavo
Published: January 2020

Abelhas tem um papel muito importante na polinização de espécies vegetais. Por meio da polinização, as espécies vegetais trocam gametas e tem frutos em maior quantidade e em melhor qualidade. Conhecer o comportamento das abelhas é importante pois auxilia produtores a entender melhor as atividades das abelhas relacionadas com a polinização. Neste trabalho avaliamos como técnicas de aprendizado de máquina podem ser empregadas na tarefa de identificação de anomalias em comportamento de abelhas. Mais de 1200 abelhas de oito colmeias foram monitoradas com etiquetas eletrônicas (RFIDs) num período de 4 semanas. Mostramos como diferentes topologias de redes recorrentes podem auxiliar na tarefa de classificação de anomalia comportamental.
Análise de ferramentas de suporte tecnológico para simulação da dinâmica da cobertura e uso do solo
Authors: Ferreira Jean Samarone Almeida , Ferreira Ana Paula Lu¨ dtke
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho analisa três ferramentas de suporte computacional para a simulação da dinâmica da cobertura e uso do solo, dentro de um projeto para análise de evolução da paisagem na região da Campanha do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O processo de aquisição e classificação de dados prévio é apresentado e as vantagens e lacunas nas ferramentas livres e gratuitas analisadas são evidenciadas. Pretende-se com a análise realizada contribuir com os pesquisadores dessaárea e apontar necessidades existentes para o devido suporte tecnológico.
Monitoring and Control System for Seed Germination Using Internet of Things
Authors: Cruz Deisiane , Rodrigues Caio , Maciel João , Silva Nilcilene , Araujo Denmora , Chase Otavio , Almeida José
Published: January 2020

This article presents an architecture of a reduced-size greenhouse, so-called mini-greenhouse monitored via Internet of Things (IoT). For this purpose, a prototype has been built with support of a computational system installed in its interior. So, sensors are used for monitoring and control of the variables that most influence in the development of a vegetal species. This text gives a brief description of the germination factors related on the various possibilities of its use. The proposed system has a cloud-based storage and the effective contributions of the computer system are started from the web platform, transfer the set-points to the controllers, and upload data read from sensors to the same web page.
Processamento Paralelo com Hyper-Threading: Uma Análise de Desempenho Como Instrumento de Ensino e Aprendizagem em Sistemas Operacionais
Authors: Hoss Diego , Andrade Gil , Suero Roberta , Yasuda Adriano , Nascimento Jonatas , Silva Josepher , Silva Levy
Published: January 2020

O desempenho de um programa de computador é influenciado pelo sistema operacional (SO). É possível melhorar o desempenho por meio da técnica de paralelismo. Para utilizar esta técnica, o desenvolvedor deve conhecer as funcionalidades do sistema operacional. Neste sentido, este trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de um programa que utiliza paralelismo com a tecnologia Hyper-Threading e seu equivalente sem paralelismo. A partir disso, infere-se uma análise de desempenho traçando uma relação entre o rendimento do programa e o conhecimento acerca de sistemas operacionais. Os resultados mostraram que o desempenho de uma aplicação está diretamente relacionado com o conhecimento do programador sobre SO.
Avaliação Sistemática de Eficácia na Aprendizagem de Algoritmos com o uso do TuPy Online
Authors: Goulart Jorge , Oliveira Fabiano , Pinto Paulo
Published: January 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a eficácia da ferramenta TuPy Online na aprendizagem de disciplinas do curso de Ciência da Computação da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). O TuPy foi idealizado como uma ferramenta para visualização de execução de algoritmos, com ênfase na exibição de estruturas de dados em diferentes nı́veis de abstração. Este trabalho é o resultado da avaliação da aplicação sistemática da ferramenta em diversas turmas de Graduação e Pós-graduação. Utilizando a metodologia de Savi et al. para avaliação de aprendizagem, verificamos que a introdução da ferramenta produziu impacto positivo e, se considerado o aspecto de percepção dos alunos, um impacto ainda mais expressivo. Ambas análises foram validadas com significância estatı́stica.
Coding Dojo como Prática de Aprendizagem Colaborativa para Apoiar o Ensino Introdutório de Programação: Um Estudo de Caso
Authors: Alves Géssica , Rebouças Ayla , Scaico Pasqueline
Published: January 2020

Aprender programação é uma tarefa desafiadora para muitos alunos ingressantes dos cursos da área de Computação. Este artigo propõe o uso de Coding Dojos no ensino introdutório de programação e avalia se a prática influencia positivamente nos aspectos de motivação, colaboração e percepção de aprendizagem. Os dados obtidos são fruto de questionários aplicados em turmas de programação do primeiro ano de cursos da área de tecnologia. Os resultados apontam as seguintes conclusões gerais positivas: a promoção de Dojos de programação pode incentivar a participação e motivação de alunos e criar um ambiente colaborativo que favorece o aprendizado. Por outro lado, os resultados obtidos também identificaram alguns aspectos negativos: em algumas turmas trabalhar em par é um grande desafio.
Identificação das Expectativas e Dificuldades de Alunos de Graduação no Ensino de Engenharia de Software
Authors: Mendes Jéssica , Costa Yandson , Frazão Kastney , Santos Rodrigo , Santos Davi , Rivero Luis
Published: January 2020

A Engenharia de Software visa apoiar o desenvolvimento de sistemas computacionais de qualidade, reduzindo os custos de produção e aumentando a produtividade dos profissionais. Buscar entender as necessidades dos alunos iniciantes nessa área da computação é vital para propor metodologias adequadas de ensino. Este artigo apresenta o resultado da aplicação de um questionário quanto à experiência dos alunos de uma disciplina introdutória de Engenharia de Software. Foi capturada a expectativa de alunos que ainda não cursaram a disciplina, assim como a visão de alunos que já a cursaram, reprovando ou não. Os resultados desta pesquisa permitiram identificar eventuais aspectos que possam ter influência positiva ou negativa no processo de aprendizado.
Incentivando alunas do Ensino Médio a Ingressarem em Carreiras de Ciência e Tecnologia na Paraíba
Authors: Moura Ana Flávia S. A. , Tavares Thiago Henrique C. , Mattos Giorgia de O. , Moreira Josilene A.
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho apresenta os dados obtidos em uma pesquisa realizada durante dois anos no projeto extensionista realizado junta às alunas do Ensino Médio da rede pública estadual. O projeto tem o intuito de proporcionar às alunas, por meio de oficinas, palestras e visitas, os primeiros contatos com aárea de programação, promover o empoderamento feminino na educação bem como despertar o interesse pela tecnologia da informação para que esta seja considerada como possível escolha profissional. Mostramse como empecilhos e medo e o desinteresse das alunas em usufruir de novas tecnologias devido à falta de incentivo, falta de modelos femininos de grande visibilidade naárea, a exclusão sentida pelas mulheres tantos nos ambientes de estudos quanto de trabalho.
Análise atual da situação das alunas do curso Bacharelado em Tecnologia da Informação da UFRN
Authors: Oliveira​ Joicy Daliane , Rocha​ Elma , Santos​ Thayrone , Medeiros​ Soraya , Nunes​ Isabel Dillmann
Published: January 2020

Este artigo tem o objetivo de mostrar o perfil atual das alunas no curso de Bacharelado em Tecnologia da Informação do Instituto Metrópole Digital da UFRN. A partir desses dados o Projeto de Extensão "Mulheres na TI" foi proposto com o propósito de atrair as meninas do ensino médio e fundamental, como também fomentar a permanência das meninas no curso. Ao longo da história, as mulheres tiveram papel importante para o desenvolvimento da área da Computação,tal como Ada Lovelace e Margareth Hamilton. Contudo, segundo dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios - PNAD - em 2013, apenas 17% dos profissionais de TI  no Brasil eram mulheres, ganha​ndo 30% a menos que homens nos mesmos cargos, com mesma escolaridade. Além disso​, de acordo com o estudo realizado pelo Censo da Educação Superior INEP (2015), em 1991, as mulheres totalizavam 34,9% dos discentes que estavam matriculados em cursos da área de Computação e correlatas, porém, em 2013, o valor caiu para 15,53%. Essa diminuição no número de mulheres, fortalece o crescimento da disparidade entre mulheres e homens em cursos da área de exatas.  Pensando nessa perspectiva, durante a disciplina “Tópicos Especiais em Informática Educacional 'C' (Análise de Dados Educacionais)” do curso Bacharelado em Tecnologia da Informação (BTI-UFRN), foi feito um levantamento de dados sobre o percentual de alunas no referido curso em relação aos meninos e iniciou-se o questionamento sobre quais seriam os fatores que estariam influenciando na matrícula, permanência e conclusão dessas alunas durante o curso. Para responder a tal problemática, o presente estudo analisa a situação atual das discentes do BTI.
A História da Condessa Surda de Lovelace: Um Relato de Experiência de Ensino Híbrido e Assistivo de Programação
Authors: Oliveira Márcia , Leite Ana , Silva Mônica , Bodart Clara Marques , Nascimento Gabriel
Published: January 2020

A História da Condessa Surda de Lovelace trata de um relato de experiência da aprendizagem de programação de uma estudante surda através de oficinas presenciais antes e durante a execução de um curso de programação Python a distância para meninas. O relato realizado por uma professora, uma tutora e uma intérprete de Libras apresenta a experiência da estudante surda em uma abordagem híbrida de ensino de programação e as análises SWOT de assistência à estudante surda em sua trajetória de aprendizagem de programação. Os resultados apontam para progressos, mas a Condessa Surda de Lovelace apresenta uma carta aberta para as Meninas Digitais relatando sua experiência de dificuldades e progressos e apresentando um apelo às Meninas Digitais para compreenderem as necessidades da comunidade surda e desenvolverem mais ações de inclusão de meninas surdas nas carreiras de computação.
Materialidades Discursivas de Mulheres Negras na Computação
Authors: Lobo Mory Márcia , Ribeiro Karen , Maciel Cristiano
Published: January 2020

O artigo em voga busca analisar enunciados discursivos declarados por duas protagonistas negras da computação, em matérias de jornais eletrônicos. Para nortear as inferências a partir da interpretação utilizar-se-á a Análise de Discurso Francesa trabalhada por Pêcheux, visando identificar circunstâncias ideológicas de forças hegemônicas sobre o histórico de luta contra o sexismo e racismo na profissão, tendo como ponto de partida o corpo imagético projetado em um conjunto de contextos que passa pela área profissional e que exige enfrentamento dos mecanismos que fragmentam as identidades de gênero e racial movimentada em uma lógica excludente.
Seshat: uma arquitetura de monitoração escalável para ambientes em nuvem
Authors: Conceição Vinicius S. , Volpini Nestor D. O. , Guedes Dorgival
Published: January 2020

System monitoring has an essential role in management, maintenance and to provide feedback through data collection. Particularly, cloud monitoring must address several virtualized resources of dynamic behavior, such as infrastructure performance metrics, application logs, and data produced in distributed environments. This paper presents a layered cloud monitoring architecture which is scalable, elastic, responsive and extensible. Such architecture has been tested through an implementation based on open-source tools to monitor a massive data processing environment in which its scalability has been confirmed.
Análise da Sinalização na Arquitetura Proposta no IETF ANIMA: o GRASP
Authors: Martins João Batista Silva , Nobre Jéferson Campos
Published: January 2020

O avanço da tecnologia e complexidade de redes de computadores cria a necessidade de novos mecanismos de gerenciamento para tais redes. A intervenção humana não será mais efetiva, sendo necessário automatizar determinados processos. As redes autonômicas se apresentam para atuar em redes complexas e tomar decisões sem necessitar de um administrador de rede e repassando a responsabilidade de resolver problemas para os nós da rede autonõmica. O Autonomic Networking Integrated Model and Approach ANIMA Working Group (WG) tem por objetivo propor uma arquitetura para redes autonômicas. Nessa arquitetura, a sinalização é realizada pelo GeneRic Autonomic Signaling Protocol, protocolo responsável por habilitar nós de uma rede para atuar autonomicamente. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o ANIMA, com foco na utilização do GRASP.
Importance Measures for NFV Data Center: An Availability Evaluation
Authors: Souza Rafael , Santos Marcelo , Fernandes Stênio
Published: January 2020

Data center infrastructures need to provide high availability of their services. Unexpected spikes of downtime in data centers lead to financial losses. Besides, there are intangible costs such as damaged reputation, low employee satisfaction, and reduced customer retention. In this context, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) emerged as a paradigm that assists data centers in becoming more dynamic and flexible. This paper presents an availability evaluation and importance analysis under the redundancy of NFV in data centers. The NFV data center component importance is represented by using Reliability Block Diagrams (RBD). The proposed models have identified the availability importance and critical devices in an NFV data center. This research also suggests alternatives for device redundancy to reach higher availability and proposes a new importance measure for analyzing the impact of NFV factors on data center availability. The measure can evaluate the degree of the impact of a failure on the data center, therefore, help to identify the factors with a substantial impact on data center availability.
In the News
Authors: Free David
Published: January 2020

Welcome to the January 2020 issue of C&RL News. A lot of attention gets paid to communicating library activities and value across campus, but internal communication can be just as essential for success. Starting out this month’s issue, Kelly Delevan and Natalie LoRusso discuss “Library outreach as a model for staff inreach” at Syracuse University.
A STEAM Exploration of Tiny Homes
Authors: Edelen Daniel , Simpson Heather , Bush Sarah B.
Published: January 2020

The incorporation of the “M” in STEAM must extend beyond simply a tool to address science and engineering standards (Authors, 2016; NCSM/NCTM, 2018). We present a mathematics- rich STEAM inquiry in which elementary students engaged in solving the issue of homelessness for one family in need.
Stacking the Deck: Reversibility and Reasoning
Authors: Ivy Jessica T. , Bush Sarah B. , Dougherty Barbara J.
Published: January 2020

To promote reversibility and strengthen number sense, we created an engaging and novel rational number exploration, which promoted flexible and reflective thinking. A class of fifth-grade students took an active role in a collaborative learning task, discussed their strategies, revisited the task, and reflected on their self-constructed generalizations.
Building a Strong Conception of the Number Line
Authors: Lannin John K. , van Garderen Delinda , Kamuru Jessica
Published: January 2020

This manuscript discusses two important ideas for developing student foundational understanding of the number line: (a) student views of the number sequence, and (b) recognizing units on the number line. Various student strategies and activities are included.
Elke Otte Hülse: narrativas ancestrais e técnicas expandidas na tapeçaria
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Garcez Luciane Ruschel Nascimento , Makowiecky Sandra ,   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina
Published: January 2020

As tapeçarias compreendem e podem ser consideradas como uma forma narrativa de arte ancestral, que tem na história grande importância, e no contemporâneo, encontramos artistas que extrapolam e expandem a técnica, problematizando conceitos e questões pertinentes a esta. Elke Otte Hülse, artista catarinense com trânsito internacional, rompe fronteiras geográficas e fronteiras do desconhecimento desta técnica secular e é apresentada junto a um breve histórico da tapeçaria, com o intuito de apresentar sua atualidade.
Reflexões sobre o ativismo dissolvido no contexto de plante na praça: criação de um jardim colaborativo em ambiente urbano
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Boel Andressa Rezende
Published: January 2020

O Plante na Praça é uma ação artística cotidiana, líquida, fragmentária, coletiva, anônima, que modifica espaços partilhados. Por ter sido construída por vários colaboradores e por eles contribuírem continuamente, em seus diferentes períodos de disponibilidade, a ação política coletiva é fortalecida, pois todos trabalham para o mesmo fim, o bem comum da praça. A reflexão sobre o caráter ativista da ação permitiu aproximações entre o trabalho do artista e do etnógrafo e ainda explorar conceitos, tais como: Ação política e Liberdade, de Arendt, Dissenso e Emancipação, de Rancière; Devir, de Deleuze e Guattari; Micropolíticas por Guattari e Rolnik; Invenção do cotidiano e Antidisciplina, de Certeau.
Relendo Sophie Calle e Jean-paul Thenot: sobre as dificuldades de descrever uma obra de arte
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Oliveira Juliana Proenço de
Published: January 2020

Sophie Calle, em Purloined, expôs obras ausentes mediante descrições feitas por funcionários de museus; Jean-Paul Thenot, em Cent lectures de Marcel Duchamp, indagou, a cem pessoas, o que lhes evocavam imagens das obras de Duchamp. A fim de captar a percepção do público de arte em Porto Alegre, os exercícios de Calle e Thenot foram reproduzidos (com adaptações), tendo por objeto três obras da dupla Ío expostas em 2018 no Santander Cultural. Houve, assim, a aplicação de questionários a cem visitantes da instituição, convidando-os a descrever cada um dos trabalhos em uma palavra, bem como a realização de entrevistas orais com seus funcionários, nas quais se pediu que descrevessem as obras. Análises de conteúdo dos dados colhidos indicam, contudo, que a maioria deles não corresponde à definição epistemológica de “descrição”. Este artigo propõe possíveis explicações desse resultado, como os meandros da relação entre imagem e palavra ou a influência de teorias tradicionais sobre interpretação da arte.
Sonhos sujos/conversa errática
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Cardoso Leticia de Brito , Noronha Fabio Jabur ,   Universidade Estadual do Paraná
Published: January 2020

Sonhos Sujos integra a pesquisa de doutorado de Letícia Cardoso em Processos Artísticos Contemporâneos, com orientação da Professora Dra. Marta Martins desde 2017 em que a artista visual ao conviver no Sobrado na Ladeira durante o Prêmio de Residência Artística no Edital Elisabete Anderle em 2017 descobre que o espaço durante o século XIX e XX foi um sanatório com tratamentos experimentais para o transtorno de hysteria. Durante a escavação foi encontrado um baú com cartas, áudios, vídeos e uma parede rasuradas com palavras e coberta por cor. A conversa errática foi realizada entre Fábio Noronha e Letícia Cardoso, dia 01 de setembro de 2018, no porão do Sobrado na Ladeira, aonde foi realizada a residência na Lagoa da Conceição, Ilha de Santa Catarina.
The impact of calcination on changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the diatomites of the Leszczawka Member (the Outer Carpathians, Poland)
Authors: Figarska-Warchoł Beata , Rembiś Marek , Stańczak Grażyna
Published: January 2020

The work concerned the effects of the thermal treatment of diatomites from the Jawornik deposit (an example of the diatomites of the Leszczawka Member of the Polish Outer Carpathians). Five distinct lithological varieties were subjected to calcination at 600°C in ambient air.The thermal impact induced the following changes to the rocks. Their overall rock porosity increased, most distinctly in the initially softer varieties, and the internal pores of the siliceous frustules themselves usually became larger due to the initial melting of the silica phases. Most of the diatoms, quartz and feldspars cracked as a result of their brittle fracturing under compressive strain resulting from substantial and differing size changes of growing grains. Clay minerals were thermally transferred, changing their volume. The organic matter dispersed through-out the diatomites was partly oxidized and removed. At the same time, the structure of the rocks was strengthened, as confirmed by an increase in their microhardness. The microhardness of soft and porous diatomite varieties increased considerably on heating, but that of the hard and compact variety changed to a smaller degree. The increase is directly related to the content of the clay minerals. The impact of other mineral components was not detected. The calcination of lithologically diversified diatomites provided the mineral with raw material with deicing and antisliding properties. The technology of its production has been determined by the authors and submitted as a patent.
Assessment of a Takagi–Sugeno-Kang fuzzy model assembly for examination of polyphasic loglinear allometry
Authors: Echavarria-Heras Hector A. , Castro-Rodriguez Juan R. , Leal-Ramirez Cecilia , Villa-Diharce Enrique
Published: January 2020

Background

The traditional allometric analysis relies on log- transformation to contemplate linear regression in geometrical space then retransforming to get Huxley’s model of simple allometry. Views assert this induces bias endorsing multi-parameter complex allometry forms and nonlinear regression in arithmetical scales. Defenders of traditional approach deem it necessary since generally organismal growth is essentially multiplicative. Then keeping allometry as originally envisioned by Huxley requires a paradigm of polyphasic loglinear allometry. A Takagi-Sugeno-Kang fuzzy model assembles a mixture of weighted sub models. This allows direct identification of break points for transition between phases. Then, this paradigm is seamlessly appropriate for efficient allometric examination of polyphasic loglinear allometry patterns. Here, we explore its suitability.

Methods

Present fuzzy model embraces firing strength weights from Gaussian membership functions and linear consequents. Weights are identified by subtractive clustering and consequents through recursive least squares or maximum likelihood. Intersection of firing strength factors set criterion to estimate breakpoints. A multi-parameter complex allometry model follows by adapting firing strengths by composite membership functions and linear consequents in arithmetical space.

Results

Takagi-Sugeno-Kang surrogates adapted complexity depending on analyzed data set. Retransformation results conveyed reproducibility strength of similar proxies identified in arithmetical space. Breakpoints were straightforwardly identified. Retransformed form implies complex allometry as a generalization of Huxley’s power model involving covariate depending parameters. Huxley reported a breakpoint in the log–log plot of chela mass vs. body mass of fiddler crabs (Uca pugnax), attributed to a sudden change in relative growth of the chela approximately when crabs reach sexual maturity. G.C. Packard implied this breakpoint as putative. However, according to present fuzzy methods existence of a break point in Huxley’s data could be validated.

Conclusions

Offered scheme bears reliable analysis of zero intercept allometries based on geometrical space protocols. Endorsed affine structure accommodates either polyphasic or simple allometry if whatever turns required. Interpretation of break points characterizing heterogeneity is intuitive. Analysis can be achieved in an interactive way. This could not have been obtained by relying on customary approaches. Besides, identification of break points in arithmetical scale is straightforward. Present Takagi-Sugeno-Kang arrangement offers a way to overcome the controversy between a school considering a log-transformation necessary and their critics claiming that consistent results can be only obtained through complex allometry models fitted by direct nonlinear regression in the original scales.
The Rametrix™ PRO Toolbox v1.0 for MATLAB®
Authors: Senger Ryan S. , Robertson John L.
Published: January 2020

Background

Existing tools for chemometric analysis of vibrational spectroscopy data have enabled characterization of materials and biologicals by their broad molecular composition. The Rametrix™ LITE Toolbox v1.0 for MATLAB® is one such tool available publicly. It applies discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) to spectral data to classify spectra into user-defined groups. However, additional functionality is needed to better evaluate the predictive capabilities of these models when “unknown” samples are introduced. Here, the Rametrix™ PRO Toolbox v1.0 is introduced to provide this capability.

Methods

The Rametrix™ PRO Toolbox v1.0 was constructed for MATLAB® and works with the Rametrix™ LITE Toolbox v1.0. It performs leave-one-out analysis of chemometric DAPC models and reports predictive capabilities in terms of accuracy, sensitivity (true-positives), and specificity (true-negatives). Rametrix™PRO is available publicly through GitHub under license agreement at: https://github.com/SengerLab/RametrixPROToolbox. Rametrix™ PRO was used to validate Rametrix™ LITE models used to detect chronic kidney disease (CKD) in spectra of urine obtained by Raman spectroscopy. The dataset included Raman spectra of urine from 20 healthy individuals and 31 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis treatment for CKD.

Results

The number of spectral principal components (PCs) used in building the DAPC model impacted the model accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in leave-one-out analyses. For the dataset in this study, using 35 PCs in the DAPC model resulted in 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in classifying an unknown Raman spectrum of urine as belonging to a CKD patient or a healthy volunteer. Models built with fewer or greater number of PCs showed inferior performance, which demonstrated the value of Rametrix™ PRO in evaluating chemometric models constructed with Rametrix™ LITE.
Comparative analysis of primary metabolites and transcriptome changes between ungrafted and pumpkin-grafted watermelon during fruit development
Authors: Aslam Ali , Zhao Shengjie , Azam Muhammad , Lu Xuqiang , He Nan , Li Bingbing , Dou Junling , Zhu Hongju , Liu Wenge
Published: January 2020

Grafting has been reported as a factor that influences fruit quality. However, a comprehensive study of the metabolic profile related to fruit quality and the underlying molecular mechanism in grafted watermelon has not been carried out. Metabolomics and transcriptome analysis were performed on both pumpkin-grafted watermelon and ungrafted watermelon at different developmental stages. In total, 56 primary metabolites were identified with either high or low abundance between ungrafted and pumpkin-grafted watermelon. The results indicated that ornithine, arginine, lysine (amino acids), glucose, sucrose, glucosamine (sugars), malic acid, fumaric acid and succinic acid (organic acids) were among the dominant metabolites influencing fruit quality. Additionally, comparative RNA sequence analysis on grafted and ungrafted watermelon yielded 729, 174, 128 and 356 differentially expressed genes at 10, 18, 26 and 34 days after pollination (DAP), respectively. Functional annotations of these genes indicated that grafting significantly altered the biological and metabolic processes related to fruit quality. Our comparative metabolomics and transcriptome analysis revealed that FBA2, FK, SuSy, SPS, IAI, AI and sugar transporter gene (SWT3b) might play a central role in the accumulation of glucose and sucrose, whereas higher malic acid content was attributed to high down regulation of ALMT13 and ALMT8 in pumpkin-grafted watermelon. Changes in the ornithine, glutamine, alanine, tyrosine, valine, asparagine, phenylalanine, arginine and tryptophan contents were consistent with the transcript level of their metabolic genes such as NAOD, GS, AGT, TaT, aDH1, OGDH, aDC, 4CL 1, PaL, CaT and two nitrate transporter genes (NRT1) in pumpkin-grafted watermelon. This study provides the basis for understanding the graft-responsive changes in the metabolic profile and regulatory mechanism related to fruit quality.
Modeling perennial groundcover effects on annual maize grain crop growth with the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator
Authors: Bartel C. A. , Archontoulis S. V. , Lenssen A. W. , Moore K. J. , Huber I. L. , Laird D. A. , Dixon P. M.
Published: January 2020

The inclusion of perennial groundcover (PGC) in maize (Zea mays L.) production offers a tenable solution to natural resources‐related concerns associated with conventional maize; however, insight into system management and key information gaps is needed to guide future research. We therefore extended the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) to an annual and perennial intercrop by integrating annual and perennial APSIM modules. These were parameterized for Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) or creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) as PGC using a 3‐yr dataset. Our objectives for this intercropping modeling study were to: (a) simultaneously model a PGC and annual cash crop using APSIM software; (b) utilize APSIM to understand interactive processes in the maize–PGC system; and (c) utilize the calibrated model to explore both production and environmental benefits via scenario modeling. For the first objective, the integrated model successfully predicted maize total aboveground biomass (relative root mean square error [RRMSE] of 13–27%) and PGC above‐ and belowground tissue N concentration (RRMSE of 11–18%). The calibrated model captured observed trends in PGC biomass accumulation and soil nitrate. For the second objective, model analysis showed that competition for light was the primary PGC‐related maize yield‐penalty factor, while water and N affected maize yield later in the growing season. In the third objective, we concluded that effective PGC suppression produces minimal maize‐yield loss and significant environmental benefits; conversely, poor groundcover suppression may produce unfavorable environmental consequences and decrease maize grain yield. Effective PGC suppression is key for long‐term system success.
Clinical characteristics and cytokine biomarkers in patients with chronic graft‐vs‐host disease persisting seven or more years after diagnosis
Authors: Goklemez Sencer , Im Annie P. , Cao Liang , Pirsl Filip , Steinberg Seth M. , Curtis Lauren M. , Mitchell Sandra A. , Cowen Edward W. , Baruffaldi Judy , Rose Jeremy , Mays Jacqueline , Ostojic Alen , Holtzman Noa G. , Hakim Frances T. , Pavletic Steven Z.
Published: January 2020

Chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD) is the leading late complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Many patients receive multiple lines of systemic therapy until cGVHD resolves, but about 15% remain on systemic treatment for more than 7 years after cGVHD diagnosis. This study describes the clinical and biological factors of patients who present with cGVHD persisting for ≥7 years (persistent cGVHD). Patients with persistent cGVHD (n = 38) and those with cGVHD for <1 year (early cGVHD) (n = 83) were enrolled in a prospective cross‐sectional natural history study. Patients in the persistent cGVHD group were a median of 10.2 years from cGVHD diagnosis (range 7‐27 years). Fifty‐eight percent of persistent cGVHD patients (22/38) were receiving systemic immunosuppression, compared to 88% (73/83) in the early cGVHD group. In multivariable analysis, bone marrow (BM) stem cell source, presence of ENA autoantibodies, higher NIH lung score, higher platelet counts, and higher IgA levels were significantly associated with persistent cGVHD. A high sensitivity panel of serum biomarkers including seven cytokines diagnostic for cGVHD was analyzed and showed significantly lower levels of BAFF and CXCL10 in patients with persistent cGVHD. In conclusion, standardly accepted clinical measures of disease severity may not accurately reflect disease activity in patients with persistent cGVHD. However, many patients with persistent cGVHD are still receiving systemic immunosuppression despite lacking evidence of disease activity. Development of reliable clinical biomarkers of cGVHD activity may help guide future systemic treatments.
The Biosynthesis of the Benzoxazole in Nataxazole Proceeds via an Unstable Ester and has Synthetic Utility
Authors: Song Haigang , Rao Cong , Deng Zixin , Yu Yi , Naismith James H.
Published: January 2020

Heterocycles, a class of molecules that includes oxazoles, constitute one of the most common building blocks in current pharmaceuticals and are common in medicinally important natural products. The antitumor natural product nataxazole is a model for a large class of benzoxazole‐containing molecules that are made by a pathway that is not characterized. We report structural, biochemical, and chemical evidence that benzoxazole biosynthesis proceeds through an ester generated by an ATP‐dependent adenylating enzyme. The ester rearranges via a tetrahedral hemiorthoamide to yield an amide, which is a shunt product and not, as previously thought, an intermediate in the pathway. A second zinc‐dependent enzyme catalyzes the formation of hemiorthoamide from the ester but, by shuttling protons, the enzyme eliminates water, a reverse hydrolysis reaction, to yield the benzoxazole and avoids the amide. These insights have allowed us to harness the pathway to synthesize a series of novel halogenated benzoxazoles.
Liquid‐Crystalline Soft Actuators with Switchable Thermal Reprogrammability
Authors: Wu Yahe , Yang Yang , Qian Xiaojie , Chen Qiaomei , Wei Yen , Ji Yan
Published: January 2020

Thermal reprogrammability is essential for new‐generation large dry soft actuators, but the realization sacrifices the favored actuation performance. The contradiction between thermal reprogrammability and stability hampers efforts to design high‐performance soft actuators to be robust and thermally adaptable. Now, a strategy has been developed that relies on repeatedly switching on/off thermal reprogrammability in liquid‐crystalline elastomer (LCE) actuators to resolve this problem. By post‐synthesis swelling, a latent siloxane exchange reaction can be induced in the common siloxane LCEs (switching on), enabling reprogramming into on‐demand 3D‐shaped actuators; by switching off the dynamic network by heating, actuation stability is guaranteed even at high temperature (180 °C). Using partially black‐ink‐patterned LCEs, selectively switching off reprogrammability allows integration of completely different actuation modes in one monolithic actuator for more delicate and elaborate tasks.
One‐Pot Cooperation of Single‐Atom Rh and Ru Solid Catalysts for a Selective Tandem Olefin Isomerization‐Hydrosilylation Process
Authors: Sarma Bidyut B. , Kim Jonglack , Amsler Jonas , Agostini Giovanni , Weidenthaler Claudia , Pfänder Norbert , Arenal Raul , Concepción Patricia , Plessow Philipp , Studt Felix , Prieto Gonzalo
Published: January 2020

Realizing the full potential of oxide‐supported single‐atom metal catalysts (SACs) is key to successfully bridge the gap between the fields of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Here we show that the one‐pot combination of Ru1/CeO2 and Rh1/CeO2 SACs enables a highly selective olefin isomerization‐hydrosilylation tandem process, hitherto restricted to molecular catalysts in solution. Individually, monoatomic Ru and Rh sites show a remarkable reaction specificity for olefin double‐bond migration and anti‐Markovnikov α‐olefin hydrosilylation, respectively. First‐principles DFT calculations ascribe such selectivity to differences in the binding strength of the olefin substrate to the monoatomic metal centers. The single‐pot cooperation of the two SACs allows the production of terminal organosilane compounds with high regio‐selectivity (>95 %) even from industrially‐relevant complex mixtures of terminal and internal olefins, alongside a straightforward catalyst recycling and reuse. These results demonstrate the significance of oxide‐supported single‐atom metal catalysts in tandem catalytic reactions, which are central for the intensification of chemical processes.
Zirconium Catalyzed Ethylene Oligomerization
Authors: Khamiyev Matlab , Khanmetov Akbar , Amir Reza Vakhshouri , Aliyeva Reyhan , Hajıyeva‐Atayi Kamala , Akhundova Zeynab , Khamiyeva Gunay
Published: January 2020

A review of the scientific and patent literature on oligomerization of ethylene to linear olefins in the presence of homogenous or heterogeneous zirconium complexes and various aluminum organic compounds has been fulfilled for last twenty‐five years. Over these years, a wide range of studies had been conducted for selective oligomerization of ethylene into a narrow fraction of linear α‐olefins such as C4‐C8 and C6‐C10 fractions. During the discussion of these catalytic systems, exceptional attention is also paid to feature works such as the activity of the catalysts and the acquisition of clear liquid product without any trace of polymer, all of which play important roles in the selection of the best technology.
Bulky iminophosphine‐based nickel and palladium catalysts bearing 2,6‐dibenzhydryl groups for ethylene oligo‐/polymerization
Authors: Wu Qitong , Wang Wenbing , Xu Guoyong , Pang Wenmin , Li Yougui , Tan Chen , Wang Fuzhou
Published: January 2020

A series of 2,6‐dibenzhydryl substituted bulky Ni and Pd complexes containing P,N‐chelating ligands, {[2,6‐(Ph2CH)2‐4‐R‐C6H2‐N=CH‐C6H4‐2‐PPh2]MX2; MX2 =NiBr2; R = Me (Ni1); R = F (Ni2); MX2 =PdCl2, R = Me (Pd1)}, have been prepared and used as catalyst precursors for ethylene oligo‐/polymerization. Compared to the corresponding 2,6‐diisopropyl Ni catalyst, these bulky Ni precatalysts activated by Et2AlCl exhibited excellent catalytic performance toward ethylene polymerization with activity of up to 1.90 × 105 g PE (mol Ni)−1 h−1, and result in semicrystalline PEs with high molecular weight. The catalytic performance of these bulky P,N‐type complexes was significantly improved by introducing two ortho‐dibenzhydryl on the N‐aryl substituents. However, the formation of C10–C24 oligomers were generated using their palladium catalysts through ethylene oligomerization at high temperatures.
Production of Structured Triacylglycerol via Enzymatic Interesterification of Medium‐Chain Triacylglycerol and Soybean Oil Using a Pilot‐Scale Solvent‐Free Packed Bed Reactor
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zhang Siwen , Lee Wan Jun , Lai Oi Ming , Tan Chin Ping , Wang Yong
Published: January 2020

Oils rich in medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) serve as functional oils to help reduce body fat accumulation and weight gain. However, most of the MLCT‐rich products on the market are physical blends of medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerols (MCT and LCT, respectively) that are not structured triacylglycerols (TAG). In this study, an efficient pilot‐scale packed bed reactor (PBR) of immobilized lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipozyme® TL IM, Novozymes, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) was employed for producing structured MLCT via 1,3‐specific interesterification of TAG enriched in caprylic and capric acyl groups and soybean oil (SBO). The PBR was operated under continuous recirculation mode in the absence of solvent. Optimal reaction conditions were determined to be: caprylic/capric TAG: SBO ratio (45:55 w/w), reaction temperature (75 °C) and residence time (16.0 min) on MLCT production were studied. When employing a pilot‐scale PBR (100 kg day−1) under optimal conditions, a product containing 76.61 wt% MLCT was produced. Lipozyme TL IM was reused for 25 successive batch reactions (125 kg substrates) with no significant reduction in catalytic efficiency. The light yellow MLCT‐enriched product had a high level of saturated fatty acids (SFA, 82.74 wt%) in its sn‐2 position as a result of the enzyme's 1,3‐positional specificity. One‐stage molecular distillation and methanol extraction were used to remove the free fatty acids, mono‐, and diacylglycerols generated from hydrolysis. With distillation temperature of 150 °C and oil‐to‐methanol ratio of 1:3 v/v, MLCT content was further increased to 80.07 wt%. The enzymatic PBR was therefore effective in producing structured MLCT at a pilot‐scale under solvent‐free conditions.
Spectroscopic investigations on PVDF‐Fe2O3 nanocomposites
Authors: Chipara Dorina , Kuncser Victor , Lozano Karen , Alcoutlabi Mataz , Ibrahim Elamin , Chipara Mircea
Published: January 2020

Polyvinylidene fluoride‐iron oxide (PVDF‐Fe2O3) nanocomposites have been obtained my melt mixing of PVDF with Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The interactions between the polymeric matrix and the nanofiller have been investigated by wide angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy, using both red and green excitations (lasers). WAXS, FTIR, and Raman spectra confirm that all samples contain α PVDF as the major crystalline form of the polymeric matrix. Experimental data revealed small changes in the positions of X‐ray lines as well as modifications of the width of X‐ray lines upon loading by Fe2O3 nanoparticles. FTIR and Raman spectra are dominated by the lines of the polymeric matrix. Within the experimental errors, the positions of Raman lines are not affected by the wavelength of the incoming electromagnetic radiation, although they are sensitive to the strain of the polymeric matrix induced by addition of the nanofiller. The loading of the polymeric matrix with nanoparticles stretches the macromolecular chains, affecting their vibrational spectra (FTIR and Raman). A complex dependence of the positions of some Raman and FTIR lines on the loading with Fe2O3 is reported. The manuscript provides a detailed analysis of the effects of nanofiller on the position of WAXS, FTIR, and Raman lines. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48907.
Effect of hyperbranched poly(citric polyethylene glycol) with different polyethylene glycol chain length on starch sizing and compatibility with blended yarns
Authors: Zhang Kang , Tian Yu , Cheng Fei , Zhang Kai‐rui , Zhou Mi , Lin Yi , Zhu Pu‐xin
Published: January 2020

Blend of starch and water‐soluble polyester has been widely used in warp sizing because of its good film‐forming, biodegradability, and adhesion to polyester/cotton blended yarns (T/C). In this study, a series of hyperbranched polyesters poly(citric polyethylene glycol) (PCPEG) with varied chain length of polyethylene glycol (PEG) were prepared with citric acid and PEG at molar ratio of 1:3 and 150 °C for 3 h in vacuum and characterized by Fourier transformed infrared, gel permeation chromatography, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. PCPEG blended maize starch (PCPEG/MS) as sizing agent of T/C 80/20 and effects of PEG chain length of PCPEG on the property of the blending sizing agent were studied. Results indicated PCPEG could improve the compatibility between starch and T/C 80/20 and the optimum content of PCPEG as blended sizing agent was 8%. PCPEG not only decreased apparent viscosity of MS paste but also increased viscosity stability of the paste. In addition, with increase of PEG chain length of PCPEG, viscosity stability of PCPEG/MS paste increased, but the value of all adhesion performances of T/C 80/20 after sizing decreased. Long chain of PEG is not good for compatibility between PCPEG and starch. The starch blending PCPEG has potential applications in sizing blended yarns in textile industry. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48928.