bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Depression among Epileptic Patients and its Association with Drug Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dessie Getenet , Mulugeta Henok , Leshargie Cheru Tessema , Wagnew Fasil , Burrowes Sahai
Published: August 2018

Background

Despite the high prevalence of epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa and the established relationship between depression and epilepsy, the extent of comorbid epilepsy and depression in the region is still poorly understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to address this gap in the literature by determining the pooled prevalence of depression among epileptic patients in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods

A systematic desk review and electronic web-based search of PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, PsycINFO and the World Health Organization’s Hinari portal (which includes the SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online databases) identified peer-reviewed research studies and doctoral dissertations on the prevalence of depression among patients with epilepsy using pre-defined quality and inclusion criteria. Relevant data were extracted and descriptive summaries of the studies presented in tabular form. The I2test was used to assess heterogeneity across studies. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of comorbidity at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Funnel plot asymmetry and Egger’s tests were used to check for publication bias. The final effect size was determined by applying a trim and fill analysis in a random-effects model.

Results

Our search identified 167 studies, of which 16 articles were eligible for inclusion the final analysis. The pooled estimate of prevalence of depression among patients with epilepsy was 32.71 (95% CI: 25.50 - 39.91). Regional sub-group analysis found that the pooled prevalence in East Africa was 34.52 (95% CI: 23.53 - 45.51) and 29.69 (95% CI: 22.7 - 36.68) in Southern and West Africa. The odds of depression among epileptic patients receiving polytherapy were 2.65 higher than in those receiving monotherapy (95% CI: 1.49 - 4.71, I2=79.1%, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our findings indicate high comorbidity in sub-Saharan Africa and suggests that it may be more prevalent there than elsewhere. Comorbidity is statistically associated with polytherapy. Given the high levels of epilepsy in the region, more attention should be paid to incorporating depression screening and treatment into existing epilepsy programs and to revising treatment guidelines on comorbid depression to reduce polytherapy.
De novoprotein structure determination by heavy-atom soaking in lipidic cubic phase and SIRAS phasing using serial synchrotron crystallography
Authors: Botha S. , Baitan D. , Jungnickel K. E. J. , Oberthür D. , Schmidt C. , Stern S. , Wiedorn M. O. , Perbandt M. , Chapman H. N. , Betzel C.
Published: August 2018

During the past few years, serial crystallography methods have undergone continuous development and serial data collection has become well established at high-intensity synchrotron-radiation beamlines and XFEL radiation sources. However, the application of experimental phasing to serial crystallography data has remained a challenging task owing to the inherent inaccuracy of the diffraction data. Here, a particularly gentle method for incorporating heavy atoms into micrometre-sized crystals utilizing lipidic cubic phase (LCP) as a carrier medium is reported. Soaking in LCP prior to data collection offers a new, efficient and gentle approach for preparing heavy-atom-derivative crystals directly before diffraction data collection using serial crystallography methods. This approach supports effective phasing by utilizing a reasonably low number of diffraction patterns. Using synchrotron radiation and exploiting the anomalous scattering signal of mercury for single isomorphous replacement with anomalous scattering (SIRAS) phasing resulted in high-quality electron-density maps that were sufficient for building a complete structural model of proteinase K at 1.9 Å resolution using automatic model-building tools.
Structure evolution of h.c.p./c.c.p. metal oxide interfaces in solid-state reactions
Authors: Li C. , Habler G. , Griffiths T. , Rečnik A. , Jeřábek P. , Götze L. C. , Mangler C. , Pennycook T. J. , Meyer J. , Abart R.
Published: August 2018

The structure of crystalline interfaces plays an important role in solid-state reactions. The Al2O3/MgAl2O4/MgO system provides an ideal model system for investigating the mechanisms underlying the migration of interfaces during interface reaction. MgAl2O4layers have been grown between Al2O3and MgO, and the atomic structure of Al2O3/MgAl2O4interfaces at different growth stages was characterized using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. The oxygen sublattice transforms from hexagonal close-packed (h.c.p.) stacking in Al2O3to cubic close-packed (c.c.p.) stacking in MgAl2O4. Partial dislocations associated with steps are observed at the interface. At the reaction-controlled early growth stages, such partial dislocations coexist with the edge dislocations. However, at the diffusion-controlled late growth stages, such partial dislocations are dominant. The observed structures indicate that progression of the Al2O3/MgAl2O4interface into Al2O3is accomplished by the glide of partial dislocations accompanied by the exchange of Al3+and Mg2+cations. The interface migration may be envisaged as a plane-by-plane zipper-like motion, which repeats along the interface facilitating its propagation. MgAl2O4grains can adopt two crystallographic orientations with a twinning orientation relationship, and grow by dislocations gliding in opposite directions. Where the oppositely propagating partial dislocations and interface steps meet, interlinked twin boundaries and incoherent Σ3 grain boundaries form. The newly grown MgAl2O4grains compete with each other, leading to a growth selection and successive coarsening of the MgAl2O4grains. This understanding could help to interpret the interface reaction or phase transformation of a wide range of materials that exhibit a similar h.c.p./c.c.p. transition.
Measuring stress-induced martensite microstructures using far-field high-energy diffraction microscopy
Authors: Bucsek Ashley Nicole , Dale Darren , Ko Jun Young Peter , Chumlyakov Yuriy , Stebner Aaron Paul
Published: August 2018

Modern X-ray diffraction techniques are now allowing researchers to collect long-desired experimental verification data sets that arein situ, three-dimensional, on the same length scales as critical microstructures, and using bulk samples. These techniques need to be adapted for advanced material systems that undergo combinations of phase transformation, twinning and plasticity. One particular challenge addressed in this article is direct analysis of martensite phases in far-field high-energy diffraction microscopy experiments. Specifically, an algorithmic forward model approach is presented to analyze phase transformation and twinning data sets of shape memory alloys. In the present implementation of the algorithm, the crystallographic theory of martensite (CTM) is used to predict possible martensite microstructures (i.e.martensite orientations, twin mode, habit plane, twin plane and twin phase fractions) that could form from the parent austenite structure. This approach is successfully demonstrated on three single- and near-single-crystal NiTi samples where the fundamental assumptions of the CTM are not upheld. That is, the samples have elastically strained lattices, inclusions, precipitates, subgrains, R-phase transformation and/or are not an infinite plate. The results indicate that the CTM still provides structural solutions that match the experiments. However, the widely accepted maximum work criterion for predicting which solution of the CTM should be preferred by the material does not work in these cases. Hence, a more accurate model that can simulate these additional structural complexities can be used within the algorithm in the future to improve its performance for non-ideal materials.
Incorporating particle symmetry into orientation determination in single-particle imaging
Authors: Tegze Miklós , Bortel Gábor
Published: August 2018

In coherent-diffraction-imaging experiments X-ray diffraction patterns of identical particles are recorded. The particles are injected into the X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) beam in random orientations. If the particle has symmetry, finding the orientation of a pattern can be ambiguous. With some modifications, the correlation-maximization method can find the relative orientations of the diffraction patterns for the case of symmetric particles as well. After convergence, the correlation maps show the symmetry of the particle and can be used to determine the symmetry elements and their orientations. The C factor, slightly modified for the symmetric case, can indicate the consistency of the assembled three-dimensional intensity distribution.
Why public dismissal of nutrition science makes sense
Authors: Penders Bart
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to critically engage with societal origins of public (dis)trust and public credibility of nutrition science and offer suggestions for addressing its public dismissal.

Design/methodology/approach

This viewpoint presents a conceptual analysis of public dismissal of nutrition science, drawing together perspectives on the relationships between science and society from the history, sociology and philosophy of science.

Findings

The origin of trust amongst scientists relies is actively tied to their social and moral status and science as a cultural activity is inextricably linked to institutions of power. Accordingly, trust in science relies heavily on public perceptions of those institutions, the ways in which citizens feel represented by them, and to what extent citizens consider these institutions to be held accountable. Ignoring this origin leads to expectations of science and scientists they cannot live up to and inevitable disappointment in those holding such expectations.

Social implications

Managing responsible expectations asks that we first dismiss dominant portrayals of science as pure, neutral, value-free and fuelled by curiosity. Second, we should pursue a reorganisation of science, favouring social inclusiveness over scientific exceptionalism.

Originality/value

Post-truth dynamics are a source of concern in the dissemination of nutrition science. Rather than dismissing it as a consequence of public ignorance, a comprehensive engagement with post-truth arguments allows a constructive repositioning of nutrition science organisation and communication. It asks that we design research programmes and studies differently, incorporate different voices. Above all else, it asks humility of researchers and tolerant approaches to other perspectives.
Position estimation of active magnetic bearing shaft using auxiliary coils
Authors: Benšic Tin , Barukcic Marinko , Hederic Željko , Corluka Venco , Raicevic Nebojsa Bozidar , Iatcheva Ilona
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a system for estimating the position of the active magnetic bearing (AMB) shaft. A new approach using the static and dynamic inductances and complex analytic signal to simplify the estimation procedure. Finite element (FE) simulations are introduced as a part of the system synthesis.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper presents an AMB displacement estimation system. The system is created with three inductive sensors. The position is computed from reﬁned static and dynamic inductance obtained from complex analytic signals of flux and current. FE simulation is used to relate reﬁned inductances to the displacement and to verify the model.

Findings

This paper shows the applicability of complex analytic signal transformation on estimation systems. The use of new refined inductance is presented in contrast to the classical approach of static and dynamic inductances. The paper shows that classical approach of static and dynamic inductance is not usable for the presented estimation system.

Practical implications

For the practical implementation of the presented system, it is necessary to know the exact dimensions of the AMB stator and the voltage and frequency used to supply the inductance estimation system.

Originality/value

The paper presents a system for estimating the displacement of AMB. The paper introduces the application of complex analytic signal to the estimation of AMB displacement. The mentioned signal is used to compute the new refined inductances. The comparison to the classical approach of static and dynamic inductances is given in this paper. The paper introduces FE simulations to the estimation system synthesis.
Evaluation of Spanish institutional repositories based on criteria related to technology, procedures, content, marketing and personnel
Authors: Serrano-Vicente Rocio , Melero Remedios , Abadal Ernest
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide, through a set of indicators, an overview of the way in which Spanish institutional repositories are run and the services they offer their respective institutions and other users. The selected descriptors are based on aspects related to technology, procedures, content, marketing and the personnel responsible for managing repositories.

Design/methodology/approach

In order to establish the indicators, a thorough review of the literature was carried out to identify existing indicators that are used to assess repositories. These were divided into five categories (technology, procedures, content, marketing and personnel) with a total of 48 components. An online survey was conducted with the repositories managers of 66 Spanish research institutions in order to verify the degree of fulfilment of the selected indicators.

Findings

The survey received forty-six responses, which represented a response rate of 69 per cent. Of these, 44 came from universities and two from research centres. In total, 65 per cent of the repositories have the capacity to import data from and export data to other university systems, mainly Current Research Information System (32 per cent). Most repositories have mechanisms for the large-scale import and export of metadata and digital objects (83 per cent). The use of altmetrics in repositories is widespread (44 per cent). Authors and librarians deposit most frequently (37 and 32 per cent, respectively), in spite of the fact that 44 per cent do not have full-time staff working in the repository. In more than 80 per cent of the repositories, between 90 and 100 per cent of the deposits are full-text documents. With respect to the tools used to promote the repository within the institution, these are primarily face-to-face training sessions (82 per cent), followed by support materials such as manuals and help pages (65 per cent). The academic authorities encourage open access among researchers in 56 per cent of cases, a significant element in repository marketing.

Originality/value

This work proposes a model based on five dimensions and 48 indicators to assess institutional repositories. This approach has been applied to Spanish institutional repositories to provide up-to-date information about their management procedures and promotional methods and the services they offer authors and the university community. This overview of Spanish repositories has provided an insight into the way in which repositories have evolved in recent years and allowed potential improvements to be identified based on the most advanced repositories. This model can also be exported to assess institutional repositories in other countries.
Speeded simulation of seismicity accompanying mining and hydrofracture
Authors: Rybarska-Rusinek Liliana , Rejwer Ewa , Linkov Alexander
Published: August 2018

Purpose

At present numerical simulation of seismicity, used in mining and hydraulic fracturing practice, is quite time expensive what hampers its combined employing with observed seismicity in real time. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a mean for drastic speeding up numerical modeling seismic and aseismic events.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors propose the means to radically decrease the time expense for the bottleneck stage of simulation: calculations of stresses, induced by a large group of already activated flaws (sources of events), at locations of flaws of another large group, which may be activated by the stresses. This is achieved by building a hierarchical tree and properly accounting for the sizes of activated flaws, excluding check of their influence on flaws, which are beyond strictly defined near-regions of strong interaction.

Findings

Comparative simulations of seismicity by conventional and improved methods demonstrate high efficiency of the means developed. When applied to practical mining and hydrofracturing problems, it requires some two orders less time to obtain practically the same output results as those of conventional methods.

Originality/value

The proposed improvement provides a means for simulation of seismicity in real time of mining steps and hydrofracture propagation. It can be also used in other applications involving seismic and aseismic events and acoustic emission.
Soil pH value grey relation estimation model based on hyper-spectral
Authors: Miao Chuanhong , Li Xican , Lu Jiehui
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to establish the grey relational estimating model of soil pH value based on hyper-spectral data.

Design/methodology/approach

As to the uncertainty of the factors affecting the soil pH value estimation based on hyper-spectral, the grey weighted relation estimation model was set up according to the grey system theory. Then the linear regression correction model is established according to the difference and grey relation degree information between the estimated samples and their corresponding pattern. At the same time, the model was applied to Hengshan county of Shanxi province.

Findings

The results are convincing: not only that the linear regression correction model of grey relation estimating pattern of soil pH value based on hyper-spectral data is valid, but also the model’s estimating accuracy is higher, which the corrected average relative error is 0.2578 per cent, and the decision coefficient R2=0.9876.

Practical implications

The method proposed in the paper can be used at soil pH value hyper-spectral inversion and even for other similar forecast problem.

Originality/value

The paper succeeds in realising both the soil pH value hyper-spectral grey relation estimating pattern based on the grey relational theory and the correction model of the estimating pattern by using the linear regression.
The evaluation of the perceived value of festival experiences: the case ofSerralves em Festa!
Authors: Borges Ana Pinto , Vieira Elvira Pacheco , Romão João
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Serralves em Festa!is a festival of contemporary artistic expression held annually in the city of Porto attracting a large number of national and international tourists. As there is no entrance fee, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the perceived value through the attendee’s willingness to pay for the event. The authors also describe the respondents (the “cheap talkers”) who indicated that they are willing to pay for a festival but when compared to other groups their opinion is different.

Design/methodology/approach

Considering the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of visitors, their segmentation and satisfaction level, a regression model was created, based on combination of a double hurdle approach with a contingent valuation (CV) analysis.

Findings

The results show that gender and age above 53 years old are more likely to decide to pay for the event, while place of residence, satisfaction, repeated visits and intention to revisit influence the amount of the event’s payment. The cheap talkers are the respondents residing in Portugal.

Practical implications

Possible options for the implementation of an entrance fee or a system of donations are discussed taking into consideration the segmentation of demand. The authors concluded that an organized system of donations, combined with institutional sponsors, limited advertising (also with negative impacts on the perceived authenticity) and merchandising related to the event could contribute for an increment of the revenues related to the festival. Other implications related to the cultural and economic impacts on the city are also addressed.

Originality/value

It was combined a double hurdle approach with a CV method based on a segmentation of the public, which influences the propensity to pay for the event. This paper makes a contribution to the literature by seeking to deal with the cheap talk problem in CV methods by observing the comparison of the amount of the event’s payment between groups.
Oil film thickness analysis of the sealing surface for hydraulic rotary rectangular vane actuator
Authors: Qing Han , Xie LiangXi , Li Lu , Jia Chuang
Published: August 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to establish a numerical model to calculate contact pressure for rectangular vane sealing surface of hydraulic rotary actuator. Numerical model can be applied to solve the steady-state Reynolds equation after the oil film thickness and the contact pressure distribution curve of the vane sealing surface are obtained.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors established the numerical model of contact pressure base on the theory of elastic after, the Reynolds equation is solved by the inverse solution.

Findings

The relationship between the oil film thickness of vane sealing surface and the contact pressure on different sealing location for hydraulic rotary actuator is obtained. At the same time, the lubrication state on the surface of seal is also found when the hydraulic rotary actuator runs stably.

Originality/value

The study shows that the lubricating state of the vane sealing surface is mixed lubrication, when the rotor of the hydraulic rotary actuator is running stably at a certain speed. Meanwhile, this research will provide a theory basis for later experiment for the hydraulic rotary vane actuator.
Tribological behaviors of precipitates reinforced Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel lubricated by water or water-silica mixture
Authors: Zhu Shuaishuai , Zhang Baosen , Ba Zhixin , Mao Xiangyang , Fei Weijie , Wang Zhangzhong
Published: August 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the friction and wear properties of Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel against 440C stainless steel under both water and water–silica mixture lubricant.

Design/methodology/approach

The Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel specimens were taken from a forged steel brake disc with the process of quenching at 900°C and tempering at 600°C. The tribological testing was performed using a contact configuration of ball-on-flat with a liquid cell according to the ASTM standard. Detailed examinations on the worn surface were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope.

Findings

The results indicate that the friction coefficient and friction damage of the steel sliding under water–silica mixture are higher than those under water. The friction coefficient decreases with increasing load and increases with the sliding speed for the two lubricants. The mass wear rate presents a rising trend with both sliding load and speed. The wear mechanisms of the Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel sliding under the two lubricants are oxidation wear, abrasive wear and fatigue wear.

Research limitations/implications

Because of the chosen tribological testing approach, the research results could not describe the tribological performance of the brake disc accurately during actual braking process of the high-speed train. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further.

Originality/value

This study shows that the tribology behavior of the Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel with water or water–silica mixture lubrications helps the industrial firms and academicians to work on the wear of the brake disc in rainwater or wet environment.
Green manufacturing and environmental productivity growth
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Min
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Due to stringent regulations on carbon emissions, green manufacturing has become a critical issue in manufacturers’ strategic planning. Manufacturers are greening production through carbon abatement activities. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that influence the effects of carbon abatement on environmental productivity growth.

Design/methodology/approach

Using data envelopment analysis with directional distance function, this study examines productivity growth associated with carbon abatement under regulated and unregulated production technologies. A pollution abatement index (PAI) is constructed for determining the effects of carbon abatement on environmental productivity growth. Panel data of 18 European countries in paper and pulp and coke sectors are collected for the analysis.

Findings

The empirical findings reveal that carbon abatement may positively or negatively affect environmental productivity growth which is dependent on the nature of technology in a sector, the innovation capabilities of a country and environmental regulations.

Originality/value

Conventional approaches in measuring productivity changes do not normally take undesired outputs (e.g. carbon emissions) into consideration. This study contributes to literature by constructing a PAI that considers productivity changes under a joint production technology (where both desired and undesired outputs are considered). The findings enhance current understandings on the effectiveness of carbon abatement activities and help managers establish corporate environmental strategies to adopt green manufacturing.
Entrepreneurship for resilience: embeddedness in place and in trans-local grassroots networks
Authors: Vlasov Maxim , Bonnedahl Karl Johan , Vincze Zsuzsanna
Published: August 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to contribute to the emerging entrepreneurship research that deals with resilience by examining how embeddedness in place and in trans-local grassroots networks influences proactive entrepreneurship for local resilience.

Design/methodology/approach

Three theoretical propositions are developed on the basis of the existing literature. These propositions are assisted with brief empirical illustrations of grassroots innovations from the context of agri-food systems.

Findings

Embeddedness in place and in trans-local grassroots networks enables proactive entrepreneurship for local resilience. Social-cultural embeddedness in place facilitates access to local resources and legitimacy, and creation of social value in the community. Ecological embeddedness in place facilitates spotting and leveraging of environmental feedbacks and creation of ecological value. Embeddedness in trans-local grassroots networks provides entrepreneurs with unique resources, including globally transferable knowledge about sustainability challenges and practical solutions to these challenges. As result, entrepreneurship for resilience is explained as an embedding process. Embedding means attuning of practices to local places, as well as making global resources, including knowledge obtained in grassroots networks, work in local settings.

Research limitations/implications

Researchers should continue developing the emerging domain of entrepreneurship for resilience.

Practical implications

The objective of resilience and due respect to local environment may entail a need to consider appropriate resourcing practices and organisational models.

Social implications

The critical roles of place-based practices for resilience deserve more recognition in today’s globalised world.

Originality/value

The specific importance of the ecological dimension of embeddedness in place is emphasised. Moreover, by combining entrepreneurship and grassroots innovation literatures, which have talked past each other to date, this paper shows how local and global resources are leveraged throughout the embedding process. Thereby, it opens unexplored research avenues within the emerging domain of entrepreneurship for resilience.
Where have all the countries of origin gone? A note on the neglect of firm nationality in family business studies
Authors: Machek Ondrej
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present arguments for the inclusion of greater sampling detail in comparative studies of family business that includes country of origin/ownership.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is a commentary piece from a scholar focused on family business studies.

Findings

This commentary paper challenges several past family business studies and argues that mixing small family firms with foreign-owned family firms (subsidiaries of foreign companies) into one research sample of “family firms” can represent a significant source of bias. The authors assume that this bias is likely to be more pronounced in samples of privately-held family firms.

Originality/value

While most of the author’sknowledge on family firms is based on analyses of publicly-held firms, current editors of scholarly journals call for more research on privately-held firms since they represent the vast majority of firms worldwide. The development of the knowledge about private family firms crucially depends on the reliability of results. This paper emphasizes the need for research samples of comparable firms and more comments on the sampling process.
Photo elicitation in management history
Authors: Biswas Mathin , Jerrard Marjorie
Published: August 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to demonstrate advantages of using the photo elicitation technique from sociology, ethnography and visual anthropology to management history through reference to a study of job loss within the State Electricity Commission of Victoria in the Latrobe Valley, Australia, as it was undergoing transition and privatization in the early 1990s.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a methodology paper exploring photo elicitation and the theoretical perspectives of life course and identity work when applied in management history.

Findings

The use of photo elicitation encouraged interview participants to share their perspectives about the common experience of job loss in an Australian regional area which gave rise to some common themes about occupational identity and the challenges of being unemployed.

Social implications

After job loss, some common experiences have been found, namely, depression; drug and alcohol addiction; domestic violence and family break down; and even suicide.

Originality/value

Use of photo elicitation provided the methodology and framework to undertake original research in management history in an Australian region still experiencing denidustrialization of brown coal mining and power generation.
Management without theory for the twenty-first century
Authors: Joullié Jean-Etienne
Published: August 2018

Purpose

This paper analyses the origin, conceptual underpinnings and consequences of the idea of management theory. It argues that despite claims to incommensurability and except for critical studies authors, management researchers come together in their quest for performativity. The search for theory has condemned management scholars to espouse structural-functional-positivist assumptions. As such, mainstream management theorists assume and promote psychological determinism. Equivocations, ambiguities, tautologies and imprecise language obscure this implication, however, hollowing out management theory of its performative quality. A century after its inception, the quest for management theory has failed. Another avenue for management scholarship exists, one in which management history is a major contributor.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper offers a historical and conceptual analysis, relying on relevant philosophy of science scholarship. The object of study is the concept of management theory.

Findings

Most commentators on management theory rely on a widespread view (of postmodern lineage) according to which incommensurable management research paradigms exist. Allowance made for critical management studies, this paper argues otherwise, namely, that current management research paradigms are merely variations on a positivist theme. It further contends that mainstream management research has failed in its quest to identify theory, even if the language used to report research findings obfuscates this fact.

Research limitations/implications

A notable implication of this paper is that management academics should reconsider what they do and in particular abandon their quest for theory in favour of management history.

Originality/value

This paper builds on arguments that philosophers of science and scholars specialising in sociological analysis have long recognised to offer a new thesis on management theory in particular and management academia in general.
Urban inclusivity through a service design framework
Authors: Hollander Justin B. , Foster-Karim Cara , Wiley Andrew
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Increasingly, diverse urban areas are in growing need of planning and design that include and welcome residents from a wide range of cultural and linguistic backgrounds. This study aims to use a service design framework to assess how the physical design of ten public spaces in New York City impacted visitors’ experience and sense of welcome.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used two main approaches to address this question. First, the authors conducted a sentiment analysis and a qualitative content analysis of Twitter data collected from each location as well as Tweets that mentioned each location. Second, they collected data through more traditional means by interviewing staff and visitors at four sites and also performing on site observational research.

Findings

These results suggested that certain physical design elements can significantly impact visitors’ sense of welcome and comfort. These include color, natural light, plentiful windows and open space. The study also found that Twitter data can be a useful tool to add a layer of insight into understanding visitors’ experience of a public building and recommends that public agencies should partner with cultural institutions and other community groups to use Twitter to monitor community attitudes and communicate with the public.

Originality/value

The research drew on the emerging service design framework and used novel data collection and analysis techniques.
Impacts of succession in family business
Authors: Gabriel Andreas , Bitsch Vera
Published: August 2018

Purpose

While many studies in family business research focus on mono-causal impacts of succession, the purpose of this paper is to employ a systemic approach to analyze dynamic effects of intra-family succession on multiple business areas in family-run companies.

Design/methodology/approach

A system analysis using a participatory approach was conducted for a reference family-run company operating in the horticultural retail sector in Germany. The Vester Sensitivity Model, supplemented with principles from system thinking was used to identify key variables related to intra-family succession.

Findings

Expert input and analysis of variable co-occurrence revealed key variables associated with succession such as “strategic planning,” “productivity” and “financial flexibility.” Dynamic interactions among various business areas were identified by simulating interventions in succession trajectories. In particular, key variables such as “conflicts between family and work” and “organizational climate” turned out to be highly sensitive to changes during a succession process.

Practical implications

The concept and design of this system analysis tool will allow practitioners such as company managers and business consultants to better understand complex interrelations within companies and provide additional guidance with regard to critical events like business transfer.

Originality/value

The present study uses system thinking to analyze succession and its dynamic and time-lagged impacts on affected business areas in family-run companies for the first time. Repeated application of the systemic approach presented here to real-world business cases will gradually improve the tool and the quality of information it provides.
Mechanical integrity of gas turbine enclosure doors under fire test conditions for A0 fire rating
Authors: Sathujoda Prabhakar , Arnell Paul , Deans Andrew
Published: August 2018

Purpose

As fire doors are passive fire protection parts, the doors have to be certified through standard fire tests. It is usual practice to perform the standard fire testing on the components which require the fire certification. However, some gas turbine enclosure doors are too large to test at the test facility and hence the fire resistance test is practically not possible. The purpose of this paper is to develop a reliable finite element model, validate the model using the specimen door test results and extend the method to actual gas turbine enclosure doors to support the fire certification.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the standard fire testing on enclosure door test specimen was carried out. Second, the finite element analysis model was built and tuned to match the standard fire test deflections, and finally, the same modelling technique was extended to model the actual gas turbine enclosure door to verify the results for fire certification process.

Findings

Gap analysis, a method of post processing is suggested for result analysis. It was found suitable to verify the gap openings which are required for A0 rated fire certification according to fire test procedure code and also to check the mechanical integrity of the enclosure door frame assembly.

Originality/value

The method presented in this work could be used as support information along with the test specimen results for A0 class fire rating certification of the doors according to International Maritime Organization Resolution MSC.307 (88) Annexure 1: Part 3.
Work design and frontline employee engagement
Authors: “Miracle” Qi Ji , Ellinger Alexander E. , Franke George R.
Published: August 2018

Purpose

In response to calls for the identification of approaches that promote frontline employee (FLE) engagement, the purpose of this paper is to extend the current understanding of the influence of work design by testing competing mediating models that assess job resource and social exchange aspects of work design as either intermediate or antecedent mechanisms in reciprocal social exchanges between service provider firms and FLEs. Moderating effects of interactions between job resources and organizational support and customer focus on engagement are also assessed.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire is administered to 525 FLEs from multiple service industries. Structural equation modeling is used to test hypotheses and examine their robustness relative to competing models. Common method bias is assessed using a confirmatory factor analysis marker variable technique.

Findings

Organizational support and customer focus are identified as proximal mediating social exchange aspects of work design that, consistent with role-specific conceptualizations of engagement, differentially influence FLE job and organization engagement.

Practical implications

The study findings offer insight about how firms can implement job resource and social exchange aspects of work design to favorably influence FLE engagement.

Originality/value

Services marketing research continues to focus more on service recipients than on FLE service providers. The examination of reciprocal social exchanges between service provider firms and FLEs sheds light on the complexities associated with exploiting aspects of work design to more effectively engage FLEs.
Employee learning motives, perceived learning opportunities and employability activities
Authors: Boomaars Chantal , Yorks Lyle , Shetty Rajna
Published: August 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to examine whether employability activities are driven by employee learning motives and their perception of learning opportunities.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected using a closed questionnaire survey from three different profit organizations (N = 405). Hypotheses were tested through hierarchical multiple regression analysis.

Findings

Hierarchical regressions showed that the learning motive “personal development” had a positive relationship with “perceived learning opportunities” and “employability activities,” as hypothesized. “Perceived learning opportunities” did not mediate the relationship between the learning motive “personal development” and “employability activities.” No relationships were found among the learning motives “social pressure,” “perceived learning opportunities” and “employability activities”.

Originality Value

This study is among the first to investigate the motives that employees must engage in individual learning paths. It attempts to predict their self-reported employability activities based on these motives and on the learning opportunities that employees perceive.
The communication model of forest management based on environmental awareness
Authors: Yanti Refniza , Syahza Almasdi , Hidir Achmad , Suwondo Suwondo
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to do an in-depth comprehension about local wisdom values related to the forest management in Nagari Koto Malintang, Tanjung Raya District, Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province, and to find a communication model in the forest management based on environmental awareness. Research on indigenous forest management has been widely done, but information related to information flow and communication pattern of indigenous people in conveying local wisdom values to the management of forests is little to find.

Design/methodology/approach

The design employed in this research was case study and field research. Field research is the research to intensively examine the background of current state of the environmental interaction according to these social units: individual, group, institution or society. The research was undertaken in Nagari Koto Malintang, Tanjung Raya District, Agam Regency. The location selection was conducted purposively under the preserved condition of the forests in Koto Malintang, despite the damages occurring to most of forests in Indonesia. The preserved condition of Nagari Koto Malintang forest is characterized by many trees with diameter of 2–3 meters left undisturbed by the communities, so that they are protected from the danger of landslides. The determination of informants in this research was made by purposive sampling.

Findings

The community and government of Nagari Koto Malintang has arranged the space and land of Nagari, by making a division as follows: the upper area is made into catchment area, middle area is made into a plantation area and settlement area and the lower area is made into cultivated land. The ecologic benefits of the forest for the community of Nagari Koto Malintang are: liberating the community from the threats of flood and galodo, providing sufficient water availability, providing good air quality and maintain and preserve flora and fauna. The perceived economic benefits are: the availability of adequate irrigation for agriculture, plantations, tabek and ponds of which crops provide economic benefits to the community. Socially, forests make the community members’ relationship grow closer, improve community participation in forest management, create jobs and maintain local knowledge and institutions.

Originality/value

This is one of few studies resulted from different customs and norms of each indigenous community, thus it is necessary to study the uniqueness of Nagari Koto Malintang community in managing the forest. This research was conducted to obtain complete description of how indigenous people of Nagari Koto Malintang community build communications and disseminate information related to wisdom, thus giving rise to common awareness in the sustainable forest management and ultimately bringing up a model of forest management communication.
Obstacles to problem-oriented policing in Montevideo
Authors: del Castillo Federico
Published: August 2018

Purpose

In the broad context of Uruguay’s police reform, the Ministry of Interior is implementing a problem-oriented policing (POP) program in Montevideo, Uruguay’s capital city. The purpose of this paper is to examine the obstacles confronted by this program over its implementation.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through 20 semi-structured interviews conducted with members of the Uruguay National Police selected via purposeful sampling. The study relies on a grounded theory approach. Findings were interpreted based on five categories of analysis.

Findings

Findings point at obstacles confronted by the program associated with contextual organizational factors, a general misunderstanding of POP, leadership, resistance and motivation, and availability and sufficiency of resources.

Originality/value

Although POP has been implemented in a variety of settings, it is still rare in Latin America. As a consequence, research on POP is limited in this region. This study adds to the small but growing body of literature on the police reform in Latin America, and at the same time, is one the few pieces of research on the police reform in Uruguay.
Racialized perceptions of the police
Authors: Ra Kwang Hyun , Kim YeonSoo
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine differences in latent structures/dimensions in public perceptions of the police by race/ethnicity and level of identification with a given race/ethnic group.

Design/methodology/approach

To identify differences in dimensions of juveniles’ perceptions of the police by the sub-samples, factor analyses were conducted utilizing data from the Gang Resistance Education and Training program evaluation.

Findings

The results show that minority juveniles have a relatively fragmented dimensional structure for the construct of perceptions of the police, while white juveniles have a unidimensional structure. Furthermore, moderate within-group differences in structures were found among African–American juveniles.

Research limitations/implications

The results of the current study call for further examination of racial invariant assumptions in criminology. Since individual dimensions constituting perceptions of the police vary by race/ethnicity, those dimensions may potentially have unique associations with endogenous variables (e.g. criminality and cooperation with the police) according to individuals’ racial/ethnic membership.

Practical implications

Police should clearly understand individuals’ dimensions constituting perceptions of the police and should identify dimensions that greatly impact precursors to compliance and cooperation with police such as perceived police legitimacy or perceived risk of sanction.

Originality/value

Individuals’ dimensions constituting perceptions of the police have significant implications on the construction of measures and their associations with other variables; however, racial differences in these dimensions have not been explored since Sullivanet al.’s (1987) research about three decades ago. In addition, the current study examined within-race differences in the dimensions constituting perceptions of the police.