bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impaired mentalizing in depression and the effects of borderline personality disorder on this relationship
Authors:   London Personality and Mood Disorder Consortium, Rifkin-Zybutz R. P. , Moran P. , Nolte T. , Feigenbaum Janet , King-Casas Brooks , Fonagy P. , Montague R. P.
Published: May 2021

Background

Mentalizing, the ability to understand the self and others as well as behaviour in terms of intentional mental states, is impaired in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Evidence for mentalizing deficits in other mental disorders, such as depression, is less robust and these links have never been explored while accounting for the effects of BPD on mentalizing. Additionally, it is unknown whether BPD symptoms might moderate any relationship between depressive symptoms and mentalizing.

Methods

Using multivariate regression modelling on cross-sectional data obtained from a sample of 274 participants recruited from clinical settings, we investigated the association between mentalizing impairment and depression and examined whether this was moderated by the presence and number of concurrent BPD symptoms, while adjusting for socio-demographic confounders.

Results

Impaired mentalizing was associated with depressive symptoms, after adjustment for socio-demographic confounders and BPD symptoms (p = 0.002, β = − 0.18). BPD symptoms significantly moderated the association between impaired mentalizing and depressive symptoms (p = 0.003), with more severe borderline symptoms associated with a stronger effect of poor mentalization on increased depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

Mentalizing impairments occur in depression even after adjusting for the effect of BPD symptoms. Our findings help further characterise mentalizing impairments in depression, as well as the moderating effect of BPD symptoms on this association.. Further longitudinal work is required to investigate the direction of association.
Mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma-impregnated polycaprolactone-β tricalcium phosphate bio-scaffold enhanced bone regeneration around dental implants
Authors: Almansoori Akram Abdo , Kwon Oh-Jun , Nam Jeong-Hun , Seo Young-Kwon , Song Hae-Ryong , Lee Jong-Ho
Published: May 2021

Background

Finding a material that supports bone regeneration is the concern for many investigators. We supposed that a composite scaffold of poly(ε) caprolactone and β-tricalcium phosphate (PCL-TCP) would entail desirable characteristics of biocompatibility, bioresorbability, rigidity, and osteoconductivity for a proper guided bone regeneration. Furthermore, the incorporation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) would boost the bone regeneration. We conducted this study to evaluate the bone regeneration capacity of PCL-TCP scaffold that is loaded with MSCs and PRP.

Materials and methods

Five miniature pigs received 6 implants in 6 created-mandibular bony defects in the right and left lower premolar areas. The bony defects were managed according to the following three groups: the PCL-TCP scaffold loaded with MSCs and PRP (MSCs+PRP+PCL-TCP) group (n = 10), PCL-TCP scaffold loaded with PRP (PRP+PCL-TCP) group (n = 10), and PCL-TCP scaffold group (n = 10). After 12 weeks, the bone regeneration was assessed using fluorochrome bone labeling, μCT bone morphogenic analysis, and histomorphometric analysis.

Results

All of the three groups supported the bone regeneration around the dental implants. However, the PCL-TCP scaffold loaded with MSCs and PRP (MSCs+PRP+PCL-TCP) group showed non-significant higher bone surface, bone specific surface, and bone surface density than the other two groups as revealed by the μCT bone morphogenic analysis. Histologically, the same group revealed higher bone-implant contact ratio (BIC) (p = 0.017) and new bone height formation (NBH, mm) (p = 0.0097) with statistically significant difference compared to the PCL-TCP scaffold group.

Conclusions

PCL-TCP scaffold is compatible for bone regeneration in bone defects surrounding dental implants. Moreover, the incorporation of MSCs and PRP optimized the bone regeneration process with respect to the rate of scaffold replacement, the height of the regenerated bone, and implant stability.
Development and validation of stability-indicating UPLC method for the determination of gliclazide and its impurities in pharmaceutical dosage forms
Authors: Bhattacharya Kunal , Mathew Jane
Published: May 2021

Background

For the determination of gliclazide and its three potential impurities quantitatively, the development of a stability-indicating, accurate, simple, and fast, Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) method was done.

Results

On Acquity CSH 18 column (50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μ) separation was achieved by the isocratic elution mode using mobile phase (5 mM ammonium acetate buffer of pH 4 and 10% ammonium acetate buffer + 90% acetonitrile, 65/35 v/v). In total, 0.7 mL−1 was the chosen flow rate and UV detection was carried out at 227 nm.

Conclusion

By analyzing forced degradation products of the sample, the stability-indicating characteristic of the developed method was proved where the separation of the products of degradation from analyte peak was seen along with spectral purity of gliclazide. Validation of the developed UPLC method was done as per the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization in terms of system suitability, precision, accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, linearity, and robustness.
Right Bochdalek congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a tertiary center’s experience over 13 years
Authors: Alghamdi Alshaima , Raboe Enaam
Published: May 2021

Background

Right Bochdalek congenital diaphragmatic hernia (RB-CDH) is far less common than left Bochdalek congenital diaphragmatic hernia, accounting for only 13% of cases. There are limited published data on the outcomes and survival rate of RB-CDH.

We aimed at investigating the clinical characteristics and analyzing the risk factors of survival in neonates with RB-CDH treated in our center over a period of 13 years.

Results

Fifteen infants with RB-CDH were identified. Most of the patients were full term (74%). The mean birth weight was 2.90± 0.72 kg. The ratio of male to female was 2:1. The mean APGAR score at 1 min was 5.31±2.34, and 7.30±1.59 at 5 min. Ten patients (67%) were imaged by antenatal ultrasound. Eleven patients (73.33%) survived to go for surgical repair. The hernia sac was found in 5 patients (45%). Most hernial defects were closed in a primary fashion. The mean age at the operative repair was 8.11±9.90 days. The average NICU stay for all patients was 40.47±50.38 days. The mean follow-up period was 20.45±9.34 months. Three patients had postoperative complications. The total survival rate in neonates with RB-CDH was 9/15 (60%). Nine out of 11 (82%) neonates survived after surgical repair. Four patients (27%) died before surgical repair. Ventilation-related bilateral pneumothorax was a contributing cause of death in three patients. Birth weight was found lower in the non-survivor’s group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the degree of pulmonary hypertension was more severe among non-survivors. No statistical significance was observed between other variables and mortality.

Conclusion

We found that low birth weight and the presence of severe PHTN were risk factors for mortality in neonates with RB-CDH. These results are in line with previous studies on prognostic factors in CDH. Ventilator-related pneumothorax appears to be a significant contributing cause of death. Long-term follow-up studies of infants born with RB-CDH are needed as small number of cases limits large-volume RB-CDH studies.
Dancing for Parkinson’s: A Gateway for Connectedness to Peers and Social Assurance
Authors: Izbicki P. , Stegemöller E. L. , Compton J. , Thompson J.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze whether a course in the Freshman Research Initiative at Iowa State University increased social connectedness and assurance and retention. Results revealed that involving freshman in translational research contributes to 1) social connectedness and assurance and 2) retention in the STEM field.
Psychological distress across the deployment cycle: exploratory growth mixture model
Authors: Cabrera Oscar A. , Adler Amy B.
Published: May 2021

Background

Prior research has identified behavioural health outcomes as key sequelae to combat deployment. However, relatively little is known about differential patterns of change in depression or generalised anxiety linked to deployment to a combat zone. In this paper, we add to the existing trajectory literature and examine key predictive factors of behavioural health risk.

Aims

The primary aim is to leverage growth mixture modelling to ascertain trajectories of psychological distress, operationalised as a coherent construct combining depression and generalised anxiety, and to identify factors that differentiate adaptive and maladaptive patterns of change.

Method

Data were collected from a brigade combat team prior to a combat deployment to Afghanistan, during deployment, at immediate re-integration and approximately 2–3 months thereafter. The main outcome was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS).

Results

Three latent trajectories were identified: a low–stable trajectory, a declining trajectory and a rising trajectory. Most individuals aligned with the low–stable trajectory. A conditional model using covariates measured during deployment showed that the low–stable trajectory differed consistently from the remaining trajectories on self-reported loneliness and non-combat deployment stressors.

Conclusions

The examination of differential patterns of adaptation, to identify individuals at higher risk, is critical for the efficient targeting of resources. Our findings further indicate that loneliness may be a useful leverage point for clinical and organisational intervention.
The use of personal protective equipment as an independent factor for developing depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms in the postpartum period
Authors: Gluska Hadar , Mayer Yael , Shiffman Noga , Daher Rawan , Elyasyan Lior , Elia Nofar , Weiner Maya Sharon , Miremberg Hadas , Kovo Michal , Biron-Shental Tal , Helpman Liat , Gabbay-Benziv Rinat
Published: May 2021

Background

New recommendations regarding the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during delivery have changed the maternal birth experience. In this study, we investigated the mental perceived impact of PPE use during delivery on the development of maternal postpartum depression (PPD) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS).

Methods

This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study concerning women who delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic first lockdown period in Israel. Postpartum women were approached and asked to complete a comprehensive online questionnaire. Impact of PPE was graded on a scale of 1–5, and Impact of PPE ≥4 was considered high. PPD and PTSS were assessed using the EPDS and City BiTS questionnaires.

Results

Of 421 parturients, 36 (9%) reported high Impact of PPE. Parturients with high Impact of PPE had significantly higher PPD and PTSS scores)EPDS 8.4 ± 5.8 vs. 5.7 ± 5.3; City BiTS 9.2 ± 10.3 vs. 5.8 ± 7.8, p < 0.05 for both). Following adjustment for socio-demographic and delivery confounders and fear of COVID-19 (using Fear of COVID19 scale), Impact of PPE remained positively correlated with PPD symptoms (ß = 0.103, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.029–1.006, p = 0.038).

Conclusion

When examining the risk factors for developing postpartum PTSS—experiences during labor and PPE were found to be significant variables. As the use of PPE is crucial in this era of COVID-19 pandemic in order to protect both parturients and caregivers, creative measures should be taken in order to overcome the communication gap it poses.
Pertuzumab Plus High-Dose Trastuzumab in Patients With Progressive Brain Metastases and HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: Primary Analysis of a Phase II Study
Authors: Lin Nancy U. , Pegram Mark , Sahebjam Solmaz , Ibrahim Nuhad , Fung Anita , Cheng Anna , Nicholas Alan , Kirschbrown Whitney , Kumthekar Priya
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE

Effective therapies are needed for the treatment of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with brain metastases. A trastuzumab radioisotope has been shown to localize in brain metastases of patients with HER2-positive MBC, and intracranial xenograft models have demonstrated a dose-dependent response to trastuzumab.

METHODS

In the phase II PATRICIA study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02536339 ), patients with HER2-positive MBC with CNS metastases and CNS progression despite prior radiotherapy received pertuzumab plus high-dose trastuzumab (6 mg/kg weekly) until CNS or systemic disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was confirmed objective response rate (ORR) in the CNS per Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology Brain Metastases criteria. Secondary end points included duration of response, clinical benefit rate (complete response plus partial response plus stable disease ≥ 4 or ≥ 6 months) in the CNS, and safety.

RESULTS

Thirty-nine patients were treated for a median (range) of 4.5 (0.3-37.3) months at clinical cutoff. Thirty-seven patients discontinued treatment, most commonly because of CNS progression (n = 27); two remained on treatment. CNS ORR was 11% (95% CI, 3 to 25), with four partial responses (median duration of response, 4.6 months). Clinical benefit rate at 4 months and 6 months was 68% and 51%, respectively. Two patients permanently discontinued study treatment because of adverse events (left ventricular dysfunction [treatment-related] and seizure, both grade 3). No grade 5 adverse events were reported. No new safety signals emerged with either agent.

CONCLUSION

Although the CNS ORR was modest, 68% of patients experienced clinical benefit, and two patients had ongoing stable intracranial and extracranial disease for > 2 years. High-dose trastuzumab for HER2-positive CNS metastases may warrant further study.
Estimation of Ontogeny Functions for Renal Transporters Using a Combined Population Pharmacokinetic and Physiology-Based Pharmacokinetic Approach: Application to OAT1,3
Authors: Cristea Sînziana , Krekels Elke H. J. , Allegaert Karel , De Paepe Peter , de Jaeger Annick , De Cock Pieter , Knibbe Catherijne A. J.
Published: May 2021

To date, information on the ontogeny of renal transporters is limited. Here, we propose to estimate the in vivo functional ontogeny of transporters using a combined population pharmacokinetic (popPK) and physiology-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach called popPBPK. Clavulanic acid and amoxicillin were used as probes for glomerular filtration, combined glomerular filtration, and active secretion through OAT1,3, respectively. The predictive value of the estimated OAT1,3 ontogeny function was assessed by PBPK predictions of renal clearance (CLR) of other OAT1,3 substrates: cefazolin and piperacillin. Individual CLRpost-hoc values, obtained from a published popPK model on the concomitant use of clavulanic acid and amoxicillin in critically ill children between 1 month and 15 years, were used as dependent variables in the popPBPK analysis. CLR was re-parameterized according to PBPK principles, resulting in the estimation of OAT1,3-mediated intrinsic clearance (CLint,OAT1,3,invivo) and its ontogeny. CLint,OAT1,3,invivo ontogeny was described by a sigmoidal function, reaching half of adult level around 7 months of age, comparable to findings based on renal transporter-specific protein expression data. PBPK-based CLR predictions including this ontogeny function were reasonably accurate for piperacillin in a similar age range (2.5 months–15 years) as well as for cefazolin in neonates as compared to published data (%RMSPE of 21.2 and 22.8%, respectively and %PE within ±50%). Using this novel approach, we estimated an in vivo functional ontogeny profile for CLint,OAT1,3,invivo that yields accurate CLR predictions for different OAT1,3 substrates across different ages. This approach deserves further study on functional ontogeny of other transporters.
Sustaining Labor Politics in Hard Times: Race, Labor, and Coalition Building in Racine, Wisconsin
Authors: Williams Naomi R
Published: May 2021

This article explores the shifting politics of the Racine, Wisconsin, working-class community from World War II to the 1980s. It looks at the ways Black workers’ activism influenced local politics and how their efforts played out in the 1970s and 1980s. Case studies show how an expansive view of the boundaries of the Racine labor community led to cross-sector labor solidarity and labor-community coalitions that expanded economic citizenship rights for more working people in the city. The broad-based working-class vision pursued by the Racine labor community influenced local elections, housing and education, increased the number of workers with the power of unions behind them, and improved Racine's economic and social conditions. By the 1980s, Racine's labor community included not only industrial workers but also members of welfare and immigrants’ rights groups, parents of inner-city students, social workers and other white-collar public employees, and local and state politicians willing to support a class-based agenda in the political arena. Worker activists’ ability to maintain and adapt their notion of a broad-based labor community into the late twentieth century shows how this community and others like it responded to the upheaval of the 1960s social movements by creating a broad and relatively successful concept of worker solidarity that also incorporated racial justice.
Ciliary Ca2+ pumps regulate intraciliary Ca2+ from the action potential and may co-localize with ciliary voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
Authors: Yano Junji , Wells Russell , Lam Ying-Wai , Van Houten Judith L.
Published: May 2021

Calcium ions (Ca2+) entering cilia through the ciliary voltage-gated calcium channels (CaV) during the action potential causes reversal of the ciliary power stroke and backward swimming in Paramecium tetraurelia. How calcium is returned to the resting level is not yet clear. Our focus is on calcium pumps as a possible mechanism. There are 23 P. tetraurelia genes for calcium pumps that are members of the family of plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPases (PMCAs). They have domains homologous to those found in mammalian PMCAs. Of the 13 pump proteins previously identified in cilia, ptPMCA2a and ptPMCA2b are most abundant in the cilia. We used RNAi to examine which PMCA might be involved in regulating intraciliary Ca2+ after the action potential. RNAi for only ptPMCA2a and ptPMCA2b causes cells to significantly prolong their backward swimming, which indicates that Ca2+ extrusion in the cilia is impaired when these PMCAs are depleted. We used immunoprecipitations (IP) to find that ptPMCA2a and ptPMCA2b are co-immunoprecipitated with the CaV channel α1 subunits that are found only in the cilia. We used iodixanol (OptiPrep) density gradients to show that ptPMCA2a and ptPMCA2b and CaV1c are found in the same density fractions. These results suggest that ptPMCA2a and ptPMCA2b are located in the proximity of ciliary CaV channels.
Sound production in piranhas is associated with modifications of the spinal locomotor pattern
Authors: Banse Marine , Chagnaud Boris P. , Huby Alessia , Parmentier Eric , Kéver Loïc
Published: May 2021

In piranhas, sounds are produced through the vibration of the swim bladder wall caused by the contraction of bilateral sonic muscles. Because they are solely innervated by spinal nerves, these muscles likely evolved from the locomotor hypaxial musculature. The transition from a neuromuscular system initially shaped for slow movements (locomotion) to a system that requires a high contraction rate (sound production) was accompanied with major peripheral structural modifications, yet the associated neural adjustments remain to this date unclear. To close this gap, we investigated the activity of both the locomotor and the sonic musculature using electromyography. The comparison between the activation patterns of both systems highlighted modifications of the neural motor pathway: (1) a transition from a bilateral alternating pattern to a synchronous activation pattern, (2) a switch from a slow- to a high-frequency regime, and (3) an increase in the synchrony of motor neuron activation. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that sound features correspond to the activity of the sonic muscles, as both the variation patterns of periods and amplitudes of sounds highly correspond to those seen in the sonic muscle electromyograms (EMGsonic). Assuming that the premotor network for sound production in piranhas is of spinal origin, our results show that the neural circuit associated with spinal motor neurons transitioned from the slow alternating pattern originally used for locomotion to a much faster simultaneous activation pattern to generate vocal signals.
IDCube Lite: Free Interactive Discovery Cube software for multi and hyperspectral applications
Authors: Mishra Deependra , Hurbon Helena , Wang John , Wang Steven , Du Tommy , Wu Qian , Kim David , Basir Shiva , Cao Qian , Zhang Hairong , Xu Kathleen , Yu Andy , Zhang Yifan , Huang Yunshen , Garnett Roman , Gerasimchuk-Djordjevic Maria , Berezin Mikhail
Published: May 2021

Multi- and hyperspectral imaging modalities encompass a growing number of spectral techniques that find many applications in geospatial, biomedical, machine vision and other fields. The rapidly increasing number of applications requires convenient easy-to-navigate software that can be used by new and experienced users to analyse data, and develop, apply and deploy novel algorithms. Herein, we present our platform, IDCube Lite, an Interactive Discovery Cube that performs essential operations in hyperspectral data analysis to realise the full potential of spectral imaging. The strength of the software lies in its interactive features that enable the users to optimise parameters and obtain visual input for the user in a way not previously accessible with other software packages. The entire software can be operated without any prior programming skills allowing interactive sessions of raw and processed data. IDCube Lite, a free version of the software described in the paper, has many benefits compared to existing packages and offers structural flexibility to discover new, hidden features that allow users to integrate novel computational methods.
Innovative Potential of Personnel as a Factor of Competitiveness of the Organization
Authors: Ivanov I. , Orlova Lyubov' , Ivanov S.
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the formation and development of the innovative potential (IP) of an organization based on knowledge management. It is emphasized that of all the qualities that characterize this potential, the most important is the company's ability to self-development, to form its key competencies and dynamic abilities. It is indicated that the named competencies and abilities should be formed within the framework of the knowledge management system (KMS) created in the organization. At the same time, the specified system should be an organic part of an innovative business model formed in the company, which, in turn, should be built into the corporate culture and corporate memory of the company. The role of corporate universities in the creation of an effective KMS is noted. It is emphasized that a successfully functioning knowledge management system is a guarantee of continuous growth of the innovative potential and competitiveness of the organization.
An approach and algorithm for optimal periocular rejuvenation
Authors: Varga Rachel
Published: May 2021

The periocular area is one of the first areas to show the signs of facial ageing. These signs occur for a variety of reasons, including loss of collagen and soft tissue changes, bone resorption and facial fat pad descent and degradation. There are many variables that impact an individual's ability to age at an accelerated or slower rate, based on various topical skin applications, energy- and non-energy-based skin regeneration therapies and lifestyle choices and the internal ageing processes specific to each individual. In this article, from a Canadian perspective, the author will discuss a treatment algorithm to provide optimal rejuvenation in the delicate and hypermobile periocular area, while taking into consideration patient safety, coupled with clinically efficacious rejuvenation options.
Developing your skills and knowledge to provide effective skincare and rejuvenation treatments
Authors: Marsh Lee
Published: May 2021

In this article, Lee Marsh revisits a piece originally written by Sally Durant in 2015, highlighting the importance of understanding the role of effective skincare in optimising treatment results and how accessing quality education can support the practitioner's knowledge in this specialist area
Unforeseen pressures and unprecedented chaos: a light at the end of the tunnel
Authors: Feliz Lisa
Published: May 2021

Lisa Feliz reflects upon her own experiences of the past year and details the work that needs to be done in the aesthetics sector as clinics reopen
Is TikTok a good platform for an aesthetic business, or is it just High School Musical for healthcare professionals?
Authors: Arias Laurie
Published: May 2021

For many, TikTok is considered to be a social media platform consumed by just the younger generation. Laurie Arias explains more about this storytelling app and how aesthetic practitioners can use this tool to their advantage and promote safe, professional practice
Getting served at the right price
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: May 2021

Adam Bernstein details some top tips that will help when looking for an accountant, lawyer or general consultancy
Cemented versus cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures in the elderly
Authors: Elmenshawy Ahmed Fikry , Salem Khaled Hamed
Published: May 2021

The management of femoral neck fractures remains controversial. Treatment options include a wide variety of internal fixation methods, unipolar or bipolar hemiarthroplasty or total hip replacement. We carried out a systematic review of the available literature to detect differences between cemented and cementless fixation of bipolar prostheses in treating femoral neck fractures in patients aged 60 years or older. Thirteen studies involving a total of 1561 bipolar hemiarthroplasties (770 cemented and 791 uncemented) were identified. Uncemented hemiarthroplasty was associated with significantly lower blood loss (p < 0.0001), shorter operative time (p < 0.0001), less infection (p = 0.03) and lower risk of heterotopic ossification (p = 0.007). On the other hand, patients with cemented hemiarthroplasty suffered significantly less postoperative thigh pain than those with cementless implantation (p < 0.00001). The existing evidence indicates that uncemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty offers shorter operative time, less blood loss, lower local complications and a similar rate of systemic complications and reoperations as compared to cemented implantation.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:380-386. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200057
Review of calcium-sulphate-based ceramics and synthetic bone substitutes used for antibiotic delivery in PJI and osteomyelitis treatment
Authors: Ene Razvan , Nica Mihai , Ene Dragos , Cursaru Adrian , Cirstoiu Catalin
Published: May 2021

Infection in orthopaedic and trauma surgery remains a destructive complication with particularly challenging diagnosis and treatment due to bacterial antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. Along with surgical debridement and systemic antibiotics, an important type of adjuvant therapy is local antibiotic delivery, with the purpose of eliminating bacterial colonization and biofilm development. Calcium sulphate, as a synthetic absorbable biomaterial used for local antibiotic delivery, has experienced an increasing popularity during the last decade, with multiple promoted advantages such as predictable antibiotic elution kinetics, complete and quick biodegradation, good biocompatibility, and limited associated complications. A series of commercially available antibiotic-delivery systems based on calcium sulphate are under investigation and in clinical use, with different presentations, compositions, and application techniques. The current article presents the main available calcium-sulphate-based products and the existing data about the clinical and preclinical research results, stemming from their implementation as local antibiotic carriers for surgical site and implant-associated infections treatment and prevention.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:297-304. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200083
Temporal subsidence patterns of cemented polished taper-slip stems: a systematic review
Authors: Baryeh Kwaku , Mendis Jeewaka , Sochart David H.
Published: May 2021

The literature was reviewed to establish the levels of stem subsidence for both double and triple-tapered implants in order to determine whether there were any differences in subsidence levels with regard to the methods of measurement, the magnitude and rate of subsidence and clinical outcomes. All studies reporting subsidence of polished taper-slip stems were identified. Patient demographics, implant design, radiological findings, details of surgical technique, methods of measurement and levels of subsidence were collected to investigate which factors were related to increased subsidence. Following application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 28 papers of relevance were identified. The studies initially recruited 3090 hips with 2099 being available for radiological analysis at final follow-up. Patient age averaged 68 years (42–70), 60.4% were female and the average body mass index (BMI) was 27.4 kg/m2 (24.1–29.2). Mean subsidence at one, two, five and 10 years was 0.97 mm, 1.07 mm, 1.47 mm and 1.61 mm respectively. Although double-tapered stems subsided more than triple-tapered stems at all time points this was not statistically significant (p > 0.05), nor was the method of measurement used (p > 0.05). We report the levels of subsidence at which clinical outcomes and survivorship remain excellent, but based on the literature it was not possible to determine a threshold of subsidence beyond which failure was more likely. There were relatively few studies of triple-tapered stems, but given that there were no statistically significant differences, the levels presented in this review can be applied to both double and triple-tapered designs.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:331-342. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200086
What is the optimal treatment for equinus deformity in walking-age children with clubfoot? A systematic review
Authors: Murphy Daniel , Raza Mohsen , Khan Hiba , Eastwood Deborah M. , Gelfer Yael
Published: May 2021

Equinus contracture is the most common deformity at clubfoot relapse and causes pain and functional limitation. It presents a challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon throughout childhood. A systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies included were: (i) original articles, (ii) investigating management of relapsed idiopathic clubfoot, (iii) with at least a partial study population of primarily equinus deformity, and (iv) a paediatric study population of independent walking age. Nine studies were included with a total of 163 patients (207 feet). Studies presented five management paradigms: gastrocnemius-soleus complex release, extensive posterior soft tissue and joint release, anterior distal tibial hemi-epiphysiodesis, distal tibial osteotomy, and circular frame distraction. All approaches reported success in at least one of our selected outcome domains: plantigrade status, range of motion, clinical outcome scores, functional status, radiographic outcomes, patient-reported outcomes, and complications. Younger children tend to be managed with soft tissue release while older children tend to require more extensive bone/joint procedures. Relapse in surgically treated feet is harder to treat. Comparison across treatment approaches is limited by the small size and low evidence level of the literature, as well as a lack of consistent outcome reporting. It is therefore not possible to recommend any one treatment option in any age group. This review highlights the need for a validated core outcome set to enable high-quality research into the management of equinus deformity.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:354-363. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200110
Ramp lesion of the medial meniscus
Authors: Qalib Yusuf Omar , Tang Yicun , Wang Dawei , Xing Baizhou , Xu Xingming , Lu Huading
Published: May 2021

Ramp lesion of the medial meniscus used to be completely disregarded in the past. Ramp lesion has been now put under the spotlight by orthopaedic and sport medicine surgeons and requires attention. It is closely associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury. Major risk factors include chronic laxity, lateral meniscal lesion, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction revision, anterolateral ligament tear concomitant with anterior cruciate ligament injury, time from injury, pre-operative side-to-side laxity > 6 mm, age < 30 years old, male sex, etc. Radiologists attempt to create diagnostic criteria for ramp lesion using magnetic resonance imaging. However, the only definite method to diagnose ramp lesion is still arthroscopy. Various techniques exist, among which posteromedial approach is the most highly recommended. Various treatment options are available. The success rate of ramp repair is very high. Major complications are uncommon.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:372-379. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200126
Thumb CMCJ prosthetic total joint replacement: a systematic review
Authors: Holme Thomas J. , Karbowiak Marta , Clements Jennifer , Sharma Ritesh , Craik Johnathan , Ellahee Najab
Published: May 2021

Thumb carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) arthritis is a common and painful condition. Thumb CMCJ prosthetic replacement aims to restore thumb biomechanics and improve pain and function. Early reviews demonstrated a lack of high-quality studies, but more recently a significant number of higher-quality studies have been published. This review provides a concise and systematic overview of the evidence to date. A systematic review of several databases was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies evaluating the outcomes of thumb CMCJ prosthetic total joint replacement were included. Data extracted included patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), pain scores, range of motion, strength, survival rates and complications. A total of 56 studies met all inclusion criteria and were analysed. There was one randomized controlled trial, three prospective comparative cohort studies, five retrospective comparative cohort studies, and 47 descriptive cohort studies. The reported studies included 2731 patients with 3048 thumb total CMCJ prosthetic joint replacements. Follow up ranged from 12 months to 13.1 years. In general, good results were demonstrated, with improvements in PROMs, pain scores and strength. Failure rates ranged from 2.6% to 19.9% depending upon implant studied. Comparative studies demonstrated promising results for replacement when compared to resection arthroplasty, with modest improvements in PROMs but at a cost of increased rates of complications. Studies reporting outcomes in thumb CMCJ prosthetic total joint replacement are increasing in both number and quality. Failure, in terms of loosening and dislocation, remains a concern, although in the medium-term follow up for modern implants this issue appears to be lower when compared to their predecessors. Functional outcomes also look promising compared to resection arthroplasty, but further high-quality studies utilizing a standardized resection arthroplasty technique and modern implants, together with standardized core outcome sets, will be of value.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:316-330. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200152
Biological Activity of the Extracts from Pecan Shelling Industry Byproducts
Authors: Sevimli-Gur Canan , Gezgin Yuksel , Oz Ahmet , Sharqi Shaymaa Al , Gumus Zinar Pinar , Dunford Nurhan Turgut
Published: May 2021

Highlights

The first study on characterization of the extracts obtained from industrial pecan nut processing byproducts.

Chemical composition and biological activity of the extracts varied with type of byproduct and the pecan cultivars used in the process.

Pecan shell extracts exhibited anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity.

Abstract. Industrial processing of pecan nuts produces large amounts of shells, which have economic significance for pecan growers and processors. Hence, it is imperative that valorization of pecan processing byproducts is explored. In this study, byproducts from commercial pecan shelling operations were evaluated as potential sources of biologically active phytochemicals. Shelling byproducts from Pawnee, Native, and Stuart cultivars were examined. Aqueous ethanol shell extracts were analyzed for their chemical composition using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS). Total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, anticancer activity, and antimicrobial activity of the samples were investigated. The chemical composition and biological activity of the shell extracts varied significantly with the pecan cultivar and type of byproduct stream used in the study. The presence of nut meat pieces in the byproducts resulted in high oil content in the extracts. The extract from Pawnee cultivar showed high DDPH activity, low IC50 for cancer cell lines, and high IC50 for the healthy cell line (Vero). Extracts from all cultivars had antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli at relatively high disk loadings. This is the first study on the biological activity of extracts obtained from commercial pecan shelling byproducts. The findings of this study have significant practical implications and provide the initial data much needed for valorization of industrial pecan shelling byproducts. Keywords: Anticancer activity, Antimicrobial activity, Chemical composition, Pecan shell extract.
Population dynamics of mistletoes species on Cassia fistula in Purwodadi Botanic Garden, Indonesia
Authors: Solikin Solikin
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Solikin. 2021. Population dynamics of mistletoes species on Cassia fistula L. in Purwodadi Botanic Garden, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1612-1620. Several species of mistletoe are parasitizing and infesting cultivated plants in Purwodadi Botanic Garden, Pasuruan, East Java i.e. Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq., Macrosolen tetragonus (Blume) Miq., Scurrula atropurpurea (Blume) Danser, Viscum articulatum Burm.f., and Viscum ovalifolium Wall. ex DC. The population of the mistletoes is dynamics affected by genetic and environment. The study aimed to investigate the population dynamics of mistletoe species on Cassia fistula L. in Purwodadi Botanic Garden, Indonesia. Data collection was conducted by direct observation in the garden on the mistletoe species, parasite density, and host prevalence in four block locations and 28 trees of C. fistula. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and tested by Least Significantly Difference (LSD) if there was a significant difference in blocks and year. The results showed two species of mistletoe found on C. fistula, i.e. D. pentandra and V. articulatum. Parasitic density was significant different and infested host prevalence also different in blocks and years. The highest parasite density per host plant was reached in block III.D in 2015,i.e. 7.00±2.95 and 2.28±0.85 individuals per plant for D. pentandra and V. articulatum, respectively. The highest infested host prevalence of 100.00 was reached in block III.D in 2015 and XVI.A since 2012.
The effect of biological agent and botanical fungicides on maize downy mildew
Authors: Prasetyo Joko , Ginting Cipta , Akin Hasriadi Mat , Suharjo Radix , Niswati Ainin , Afandi Auliana , Adiwijaya Reza , SUDIONO SUDIONO , NURDIN MUHAMMAD
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Prasetyo J, Ginting C, Akin HM, Suharjo R, Niswati A, Afandi A, Adiwijaya R, Sudiono, Nurdin M. 2021. The effect of biological agent and botanical fungicides on maize downy mildew. Biodiversitas 22: 1652-1657. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the combination of Trichoderma asperellum and mycorrhizae with botanical fungicides made from betel leaf extract or turmeric extract against maize downy mildew. The study used a randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replications. The treatments applied were: single applications of T. asperellum (Ta); arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF); turmeric extract (T); betel extract (B); the combination of T. asperellum and AMF (TaM); turmeric extract and T. asperellum (TTa); turmeric extract and AMF (TM); turmeric extract + T. asperellum + AMF (TTaM); betel extract + T. asperellum (BTa); betel extract + AMF (BM); betel + T. asperellum + AMF (BTaM); and Control (C). The observed variables were disease incidence, incubation period, and shoot dry weight. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. Differences between treatments were tested by the LSD test at 5% significance level. The results showed that the combination of botanical fungicides with biological agents could reduce the incidence of downy mildew, extend the incubation period, and increase the dry weight of corn shoots. The best combination treatment was achieved from the combination of T. asperellum with betel extract. There was a synergistic effect between botanical fungicides and biological agents in reducing the disease incidence.
Comparison of the effectiveness of pregnancy diagnosis in Aceh cattle through measurement of interferon-tau and progesterone concentrations
Authors: Panjaitan Budianto , SIREGAR TONGKU NIZWAN , HAFIZUDDIN HAFIZUDDIN , SAYUTI ARMAN , ADAM MULYADI , ARMANSYAH TEUKU , SYAFRUDDIN SYAFRUDDIN
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of IFN-? and progesterone measurement as the basis for pregnancy diagnosis in Aceh cows. The study used twelve cows aged 3-5 years, weighing 150-250 kg, clinically healthy and having normal reproduction. The estrous cycle was synchronized using prostaglandin hormone (LutalyseTM, Pharmacia & Upjohn Company, Pfizer Inc., 25 mg/cow, i.m.) with multiple injection protocol (10-day interval). Heat detection was conducted in the morning (08.00 Western Indonesia Time) and evening (16.00 Western Indonesia Time). Cows were inseminated 12-18 hours after standing heat. Blood was collected on day 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 post-insemination. Concentrations of IFN-? and progesterone were determined by the ELISA method. Cows with an interferon concentration >6 pg/mL and a progesterone concentration >2 ng/mL were considered pregnant. Pregnancy data were then compared with transrectal ultrasound at day 25 as the gold standard. Concentrations of IFN-? in pregnant and non-pregnant cows were significantly different on day 18 post-insemination, while progesterone concentration was significantly different on day 15. The accuracy of IFN-? pregnancy diagnosis at peak IFN-? expression was obtained on day 18 post-insemination, with an accuracy rate of 66.7%, a sensitivity rate of 60% and a specificity rate of 71.4%. Meanwhile, the accuracy of progesterone-based pregnancy diagnosis was obtained on day 17 post-insemination, with an accuracy rate of 91.6%, a sensitivity rate of 83.3% and a specificity rate of 100%. It was concluded that the diagnosis of pregnancy using progesterone measurement was more effective than IFN-? measurement.
Screening of actinobacteria-producing amylolytic enzyme in sediment from Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) ponds in Rembang District, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ayuningrum Diah , Sabdaningsih Aninditia , Jati Oktavianto
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Ayuningrum D, Sabdaningsih A, Jati OE. 2021. Screening of actinobacteria-producing amylolytic enzyme in sediment from Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) ponds in Rembang District, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1819-1828. Coastal environments are dynamic places where various activities such as aquaculture take place. Waste from intensive aquaculture contains high amounts of organic material that negatively affect the pond system as well as the surrounding environment. Bioremediation using hydrolytic enzymes from microbes has been widely used as an alternative to remove organic waste because of its lower economic cost and more efficient. Microbes such as Gram-positive actinobacteria are widely known as enzyme producers. This research aimed to isolate actinobacteria from Litopenaeus vannamei pond sediment, to purify and characterize the actinobacteria based on morphological appearance, to conduct screening of amylolytic activity, and to identify the species of actinobacteria through 16S rDNA amplification as well as to construct their phylogenetic tree. Sampling was done in Rembang District, Central Java, Indonesia, with 5 sampling stations consist of 14 sampling points. Thirty-eight pure axenic cultures of actinobacteria were successfully isolated using two different media, namely IM6 and IM8. The IM8 medium promoted the most growth of 24 isolates rather than on the IM6 with only 14 isolates. Based on morphological appearance, most isolates belonged to Streptomyces-like actinomycete bacteria as many as 30 isolates and the rest 8 isolates belonged to mycelium-forming non-Streptomyces actinomycete bacteria. The screening results of amylolytic activity showed that all of the 38 actinobacteria formed halo zone with amylolytic index between 1.31-5.29. Top five highest amylolytic index was found in isolates SA4.1 (IM6), SD1.3 (IM8), SC3.3 (IM8), SC3.3 (IM6) and SC3.2 (IM8). The isolate SC3.3 (IM8) according to BLAST homology, showed a 98% similarity with Streptomyces atacamensis C60. Further research is needed to investigate the potential of isolate SC3.3 (IM8) to reduce the BOD level in the aquatic system as a bioremediator candidate.
The diversity and abundance of phytoplankton and benthic diatoms in varying environmental conditions in Kok River, Chiang Rai, Thailand as bio-indicators of water quality
Authors: PRASERTSIN TIPPAWAN , SUK-UENG KRITTAWIT , PHINYO KITTIYA , YANA EKKACHAI
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Prasertsin T, Suk-ueng K, Phinyo K, Yana E. 2021. The diversity and abundance of phytoplankton and benthic diatoms in varying environmental conditions in Kok River, Chiang Rai, Thailand as bio-indicators of water quality. Biodiversitas 22: 1853-1862. The study of living organisms was important information for bio-indicators which was utilized to assess the quality of the environment. In the river ecosystem, the algae with which one organism was interesting accordingly considered the relationship of 2 groups algae, including phytoplankton and benthic diatoms and the physical-chemical parameters of Kok River Chiang Rai, Thailand.  Phytoplankton and benthic diatoms were collected from five sampling sites along the Kok River during January (cool dry), March (summer), and June (rainy season) 2018, and assessed as bio-indicators to monitor environmental factors that represent water quality across varying conditions and periods. Fifty-seven species of phytoplankton and thirty-nine species of benthic diatoms were found. The phytoplankton mainly belonged to the phylum Bacillariophyta (diatom group). Physical and chemical factors affecting the dominant phytoplankton and benthic diatom species were subjected to canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Results showed that planktonic and benthic Gomphonema lagenula positively correlated with ammonium nitrogen, recording highest abundance during the rainy season. Abundance of Achnanthidium straubianum, a planktonic and benthic diatom, and Navicula cincta negatively correlated with river velocity and water conductivity, with lowest numbers during the rainy season. Water trophic status evaluated from the main parameters of the AARL-PC score indicated that during the cool dry and summer seasons all sampling sites were classified as mesotrophic, while during the rainy season they were classified as meso-eutrophic. The combination of phytoplankton and benthic diatom can be used as bio-indicators of water quality in the Kok River and other freshwater ecosystems.