bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Calibration Method of a Stereo-Vision-Based Coordinates Measurement
System via a Two-Axis Turntable--The Combination of Stereo Vision
and Turntable
Authors: Zhang Zimiao , Wang Zhiwu , Zhang Shihai , Fu Anqi
Published: February 2021

Background:

Stereo-vision-based three-dimensional coordinates measurement technology
has been widely applied in the military or civil fields. There are two problems that need to be solved.
The first problem is that each camera’s internal parameters and the two cameras' external parameters
need to be calibrated. To increase the measurement range, usually, the turntable is used with the stereo
vision system together. The second problem is the calibration of the turntable.

Objective:

The aim of the study is to construct and calibrate a stereo-vision-based coordinates measurement
system via a two-axis turntable.

Methods:

Considering that the internal parameters of each camera do not change during the measurement
process and the complicated optimization process of one-step self-calibration, a two-step stereo
vision calibration method is proposed. In the first step, we calibrate the internal parameters of each
camera through a specially designed planar target with circular points. In the second step, on the basis
of the calibrated results of the internal parameters, the two cameras' external parameters are calibrated
through a simple target which could be distributed in the measurement volume. For the calibration of
the two-axis turntable, we calibrated the rotation axes of the turntable and the coordinates of points in
the 3D space could be measured considering the non-orthogonality of the axes.

Results:

Some experiments are provided to examine the calibration methods we proposed. They are the
plane target measurement experiments; the standard ball center coordinates measurement experiments
and target pose measurement experiments. Experiment results demonstrate the superiority of the calibration
method we proposed.

Conclusion:

We studied the calibration methods of the stereo-vision-based coordinates measurement
system via a two-axis turntable. The experimental results show the measurement accuracy of our system
is less than 0.1mm.
Nova Sapho — Um novo olhar sob(re) a paisagem literária portuguesa
Authors: Silva Clara Maria
Published: February 2021

It’s our main goal to bring Nova Sapho of Visconde de Vila-Moura to the surface of the Portuguese literary landscape. Situated in the twentieth century, three years before the orphic modernist movement, this novel does not integrate the Portuguese’s literary canon. In Aníbal Fernandes’ words this is «the only and main example of the decadent movement in portuguese prose» (my translation) which explores feminine sexuality as marginal to the social and cultural context. Understanding decadent features within this work is our main goal and it will provide an introductory stance to the novel, being Anna M. Klobucka’s and Óscar Lopes’ studies the only investigation found about it.
Paisagem histórica urbana: contributos da cartografia para caracterização da evolução e identidade urbanas da freguesia de Paranhos (Porto)
Authors: Carvalho Mariana Raquel Salino
Published: February 2021

Cities, as the place where the daily life happens, are in constant mutation and construc‑ tion, and so they are a testimonial of Humanity’s past and present ways of living and aspirations. Therefore, we should see them as a manifestation of cultural heritage and an element of the commu‑ nity’s identity that is always being threaten by its own fast transformation. The in-depth knowledge of each city’s urban stratigraphy becomes essential in order to find the most appropriate solutions for the promotion of sustainable urban development and preserve the intrinsic characteristics of the area. A comparative analysis of cartographic sources, that register the morphology of the city in different moments, allows to understand a stratigraphy of that territory, to identify the problems in its urban mesh and to detect the most relevant elements of its development and morphology
Shoah e Literatura de Testemunho: O campo concentracionário enquanto lugar de memória
Authors: Roberto Isabella Alessandra Cortada
Published: February 2021

: To remember and to forget are actions that involve selection of information, which means that it is impossible to remember without forgetting. Being the collective memory a social construct and a factor of identity for any community, how are we supposed to live with forgetfulness? How are we to live upon the deletion of the past (de-memorizing)? To counteract the silences and the unsaid it is possible to think of underground memories that express the spoken word of the excluded and the neglected from the official memory. Shaping a new writing and a new literature, innumerous authors consecrated thus their experiences of pain and trauma caused by Shoah. It is their examples of life and writing that we bring forward into confrontation, resorting to a conceptual frame that will also be supported by such thinkers as Michael Pollack, Theodor Adorno, Giorgio Agamben, Hannah Arendt or Walter Benjamin
O desenho digital e as paisagens patrimoniais. Convento da Madre Deus de Monchique, no Porto
Authors: Cruz Tiago Trindade
Published: February 2021

This article is part of a broader reflection on the digital drawing and new research metho‑ dologies in the History of Architecture. Aiming to reflect on the concept of Heritage Landscape, it starts from the old monastic structure of Monchique, in the city of Porto, as an experimental labora‑ tory for architectural and urban research. It is known that digital technology makes it possible to reconstruct elements from other eras, whose time has transformed or disappeared. In this context, and using digital drawing, the recognition of the built heritage and urban structures is sought through a synchronic and diachronic interpretation, attentive to the different historical periods and their specificities.
Developmental research on curriculum, lessons, and evaluation based on the IB philosophy
Authors: Tanahashi Kenji
Published: February 2021

As the world evolves and becomes more globalised and technologically advanced, so too it is necessary for education to evolve. In the 19th and 20th centuries, education focused largely on literacy and numeracy, as well as on accumulating facts across subjects. This was useful at the
time but now information is no longer solely stored in analogue and, in fact, there is a huge surplus of information that can be readily accessed. Furthermore, there is a tendency for education to promote patriotic narratives as opposed to a more global view. Although this can help to create
a feeling of togetherness, it can distract from deep thinking in subjects like history and literature and lead to misconceptions of a country, which can be damaging in our increasingly globalised world. Therefore, education must adapt to meet the changing needs of the 21st century. Key skills
required include communication, problem solving and critical thinking. Education in many countries is still based on 20th century needs although there are courses and qualifications that better fit the 21st century and these are becoming increasingly important. An example of this is the International
Baccalaureate (IB). Although this was developed in 1958, it is well suited to the 21st century with its founding principles being focused on communication, exploratory learning and critical thinking. Indeed, it was designed to be an educational programme that could promote global peace. Professor
Kenji Tanahashi, Graduate School of Human and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan, is exploring the principles of the IB with a view to incorporating them into a reappraisal of the Japanese education system.
Development of a cross-disciplinary constitutional learning program in junior high school social studies using ICT
Authors: Okuno Hiroyuki
Published: February 2021

A nation's constitution is of prime importance to its people as it sets out the fundamental principles a government must adhere to, as well as outlining the rights it must grant its people. A constitution's guarantee of human rights makes it essential for preserving liberty and, as
such, it is important that society is informed about the constitution and the rights it affords them. That is why educational institutions should familiarise students with their respective nation's constitution. Dr Hiroyuki Okuno, Doshisha University, Japan, champions the development and implementation
of new ways of teaching the Japanese constitution to students. He is developing a cross-disciplinary learning programme for junior high school students called the Constitutional Learning Programme that teaches the constitution using social studies that utilise ICT. His goal is to spark within
students an active interest in the constitution and encourage them to play a role in the constitution in terms of expressing opinions and thinking deeply about liberty and human rights. The programme's format is flipped learning, with students acquiring knowledge ahead of time and later deepenging
this understanding through interaction with peers and teachers. The use of e-learning is key here as Okuno wants students to learn at their own pace and believes this is facilitated by this style of learning, enabling students to take home ideas learned in the classroom and better familiarise
themselves with these concepts independently.
Development of educational programs through comprehensive learning aimed at improving the health and physical fitness of elementary school students
Authors: Kambayashi Isao
Published: February 2021

Technological advances and innovations have inadvertently promoted a more sedentary lifestyle. Lifestyles of this kind tend to involve a lack of good quality sleep and poor nutrition. This is a particularly worrisome trend in children and it is important to encourage an active lifestyle
and good nutrition among this generation and instill them with positive habits. Indeed, research has found that more and more Japanese children are waking with a low basal body temperature, which can be associated with poor physical fitness. Professor Isao Kambayashi, Hokkaido University of
Education (HUE), Japan, and Koji Sugo, Sapporo Elementary School, Japan, which is affiliated with HUE, are looking into the extent of the issue and what can be done to improve it, with a focus on better education. At present, little time is dedicated to the health education of elementary school
children, which is not helping the situation. As such, Kambayashi and Sugo are surveying students in order to establish a better understanding of the situation and they will implement an educational programme designed to improve the health and fitness of elementary school children. The idea
is that implementing the educational programme will improve the fitness levels of children as well as improving their nutrition, resulting in improved lifestyles overall. Ultimately, this should have a widespread positive impact, curbing rising sedentary lifestyles and increasing levels of
obesity, with the potential for similar programmes to be introduced throughout Japan and, indeed, the world.
Analysis of R&D efficiency of new biopharmaceuticals based on large-scale quantitative analysis and careful case analysis
Authors: Miyashige Tetsuya
Published: February 2021

Research on the R&D efficiency of new biopharmaceuticals is geared towards enhancing efficiencies, such as improving drug development technologies and therefore speeding up the discovery and development of new treatments. Organisation theory is one way of exploring R&D efficiency
and involves studying the behaviour of organisations with a view to enhancing organisational efficiency. Professor Tetsuya Miyashige and his team at the National Institute of Technology, Toyama College, Japan, are using large-scale quantitative analysis and careful case analysis to analyse
the R&D efficiency of new pharmaceuticals. The goal is to contribute to the R&D management of pharmaceutical companies and to industrial economic policy for the pharmaceutical industry. A particular focus for the researcher is using biotechnology to analyse the R&D efficiency of
'antibody drug = biomedicine' in pharmaceutical companies. In collaboration with econometrician Professor Atsushi Fujii, University of Kitakyushu, Miyashige worked on the separation of R&D processes in biopharmaceutical R&D. This work involved analysing the R&D productivity of
a biopharmaceutical company, with a focus on separation of the R&D processes and looking at blockbusters and biotech drugs. Another line of work involved empirically analysing the differences between blockbuster production in Japanese firms and in US/EU firms.
Research on the task models to cooperate with the human and new technology: Evaluating the impacts on labour market
Authors: Yamamoto Isamu
Published: February 2021

New information technology systems such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) are poised to disrupt nearly every aspect of employment from wages and job availability to stress and job-satisfaction. It is important to understand all aspects of a new technological introduction into the workplace,
both good and bad. How governments and the private sector balance the positive and negative aspects of this latest technological disruption will be crucial to the future of work and the well-being of workers. Yamamoto, a labour economist and professor in the Faculty of Business and Commerce
at Keio University in Japan, is carrying out research to better understand the impacts of new technologies like AI on workers and their well-being.
Governance for Sustainable Peace and Development: Interdisciplinary Study Based on Network Science and Data Science
Authors: Sakamoto Takuto
Published: February 2021

Human security is a global concern relating to the protection and expansion of fundamental human freedoms. Focus on survival, dignity and the ability to maintain a livelihood must be central to the integrated policies that are vital to protecting human security. Many interconnecting
issues form part of human security and range from topics surrounding the protection of people from poverty, violence, instability as well as tackling lack of education, healthcare and financial stability.
 Dr Takuto Sakamoto is part of the University of Tokyo's Graduate School of
Arts and Sciences Human Security Program (HSP) and has taken the approach of using cutting-edge analysis methods from data and network sciences to scrutinise and evaluate global efforts relating to human security.
 The team is currently focused on three sub-projects. The first of
these centres on the analysis of policy discussions held by the UN Security Council (UNSC). In this, they will look in detail at the meeting records for the UNSC over the past decades. The second project uses development assistance flow data to complete a network analysis to systematically
clarify the dynamics of global collaboration in various areas, including poverty reduction and infectious disease control and they will work on visualising and analysing the financial flow of humanitarian and development assistance over the last 60 years. The final pilot study investigates
sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) in UN peace operations. This has become a major issue relating to UN peacekeeping operations in conflict and post- conflict areas in recent years.
Elucidating the intellectual origin of Walras's General Equilibrium Theory
Authors: Misaki Kayoko
Published: February 2021

Léon Walras was a French economist who pioneered the development of general equilibrium theory in a mathematical form. Walras' work has inspired economic theory over the last century but, as with any historical publication, the understanding of it is not without its challenges.
Professor Kayoko Misaki, based within the Faculty of Economics at Shiga University in Japan, is working to elucidate the intellectual origin of Walras's general equilibrium theory by using the original texts within which he conceived his ideas.
Research on the Development of Cities and Architecture in the Open Ports (International Settlements and Foreign Concessions) of East Asia
Authors: Son An-suk
Published: February 2021

In the past, to get from one country to another, a long journey on a ship was required. Trade between countries was also done using ships, which transported cargo via shipping routes across the globe. Ports in specific countries accommodated trade, including in East Asia where many
were opened as a result of unequal treaties with western powers. Treaty ports were often agreed after western powers such as the UK and nUS defeated military powers in China, Japan and Korea and terms favouring the successful nations were agreed. Foreigners would arrive into the treaty ports,
and commodities such as restaurants, foreigners clubs, churches and racecourses were built for these new citizens. Ultimately, colonisation occurred, with areas in China, Japan and Korea being commandeered by Western ways of life. A team of researchers led by Professor An-Suk Son, Research
Center for Non Written Cultural Materials, Kanagawa University, Japan, is looking at the open ports of East Asia, investigating the history and architecture of the Japanese consulate, banks, schools, hospitals and spinning companies. A key focus for the researchers is on buildings that were
developed during the time of foreign settlement. Previous studies that have been done in this area have tended to focus on Shanghai in China, Yokohama in Japan and Incheon in Korea, and Son's research is innovative in that it uses new materials that have emerged in the years since, such as
English newspapers, magazines, pictures, leaflets and photo books. The team also plants to build on previous studies to include places such as Qingdao and Guangzhou.
Disclosure of social responsibility and the competitive advantage at Sudan industrial companies
Authors:   College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, et al. Hussaien
Published: February 2021

The study aimed to know the social responsibility and competitive advantage concept, and determine the impact of disclosure of social responsibility on the competitive advantage of industrial companies in Khartoum State-Sudan. The researchers reviewed previous studies to identify the study gap and formulate its hypotheses through the descriptive and analytical approach, the researchers used the questionnaire to collect data from the study sample. Accountants in industrial companies were targeted, 350 questionnaires were distributed and 319 were collected, of which 311 are valid for analysis. The statistical package of the social science (SPSS) was used to analyze the data, the simple linear regression was used to find out the Impact of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The study concluded that: The disclosure of social responsibility towards society impacts the competitive advantage by 96.3%, the disclosure of social responsibility towards the environment impacts the competitive advantage by 95.4%, The disclosure of social responsibility towards customers impacts the competitive advantage by 93.5%, and the disclosure of social responsibility towards staff impacts the competitive advantage by 91.2%.
Н-комплексы 1,2-нафтохинона с молекулами воды в водном растворе и их влияние на сдвиги полос поглощения
Authors: Цеплина С.Н. , Цеплин E.E.
Published: February 2021

Optical absorption spectra of 1,2-naphthoquinone in non-polar (n-hexane) and polar (water) solvents were obtained. It is shown that the use of quantum chemical calculations based on time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT B3LYP/6-311+G(d, p)) with the polarizable continuum model (PCM) for calculating 1,2-naphthoquinone in a solution of n-hexane and hydrogen complex of 1,2-naphthoquinone with two water molecules in an aqueous medium describes well the shifts of the absorption bands of 1,2-naphthoquinone in a water solution compared to a solution in n-hexane. Based on the analysis of deviations of the calculated band shifts from the experimental ones, the question of the formation of 1,2-naphthoquinone hydrogen complexes with n water molecules (n = 1-4) in an aqueous solution is considered.
Спектрофотометрическое определение форм присутствия йода в растворах соединений йода
Authors: Алукер Н.Л. , Herrmann M.
Published: February 2021

Optical characteristics of aqueous solutions of crystalline iodine and iodine compounds are investigated; the presence of different forms of iodine and selected concurrent compounds in aqueous solutions are determined. The applicability of direct spectrophotometric methods to detecting various forms of iodine and concurrent compounds in aqueous solutions is evaluated.
Evaluación ergonómica mediante el método ROSA en docentes con teletrabajo de la UTEQ, 2020
Authors: Vallejo Morán Jean Carlos , Bustillos Molina Irene Teresa , Martínez Porro Eudes , Coello Leon Ernestina Clemencia
Published: February 2021

Este proyecto de investigación se realizó con el objetivo de realizar una evaluación ergonómica de las posturas inadecuadas adoptadas por los docentes de la Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo en la modalidad de teletrabajo, y luego gestionar los resultados de manera técnica. En el estudio se evaluó la muestra con dos herramientas, el método ROSA, y la encuesta ergonómica, los resultados mostraron que los docentes se encuentran afectados por riesgos ergonómicos, debido a las condiciones actuales poco favorables para realizar sus actividades diarias de teletrabajo desde sus hogares; así mismo se identificó que las partes afectadas del cuerpo de los docentes son el cuello, la espalda alta y baja lo cual se debe al desconocimiento en cuanto la ergonomía que deben tener al realizar sus actividades. Luego de realizar la evaluación respectiva a través del software Ergoniza y analizados los datos, se propone un plan de acción para capacitar, instruir y fomentar cultura en los docentes, tanto en el uso de equipos físicos de trabajo como en la adecuación del entorno de trabajo; lo cual permita mitigar y corregir los riesgos en un cierto grado. Esto conllevará a generar los controles necesarios para garantizar y precautelar la seguridad y salud de los trabajadores.
Principales desafíos y oportunidades de los sistemas de Internet de las cosas médicas - IoMT
Authors: Gomez Gomez Jorge
Published: February 2021

En la actualidad hay millones de dispositivos IoT que utilizan las personas para la atención médica. Un IoT con dispositivos médicos se le conoce también como Internet de las cosas médicas (Internet of Medical Things - IoMT). Existen diversas aplicaciones IoMT como (Gómez et al., 2016; Alsubaei, et al., 2019; Basatneh et al.,2018; Nayyar et al., 2019; Pustokhina et al., 2019) entre otras. Los escenarios donde se utiliza esta tecnología son: asistencia a signos vitales de pacientes; monitoreo de información sanitaria; monitoreo en la ingesta de alimentos; monitoreo de señalepatológicas y fisiológicas; asistencia al personal sanitario; autogestión, bienestar y prevención; seguimiento de enfermedades entre otras.
Usability and Accuracy of a Smartwatch for the Assessment of Physical Activity in the Elderly Population: Observational Study
Authors: Martinato Matteo , Lorenzoni Giulia , Zanchi Tommaso , Bergamin Alessia , Buratin Alessia , Azzolina Danila , Gregori Dario
Published: February 2021

Background

Regular physical activity (PA) contributes to the primary and secondary prevention of several chronic diseases and reduces the risk of premature death. Physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a variety of chronic disorders such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, bone and joint diseases (eg, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis), depression, and colon and breast cancer. Population aging and the related increase in chronic diseases have a major impact on the health care systems of most Western countries and will produce an even more significant effect in the future. Monitoring PA is a valuable method of determining whether people are performing enough PA so as to prevent chronic diseases or are showing early symptoms of those diseases.

Objective

The aim of this study was to estimate the accuracy of wearable devices in quantifying the PA of elderly people in a real-life setting.

Methods

Participants aged 70 to 90 years with the ability to walk safely without any walking aid for at least 300 meters, who had no walking disabilities or episodes of falling while walking in the last 12 months, were asked to walk 150 meters at their preferred pace wearing a vívoactive HR device (Garmin Ltd) and actual steps were monitored and tallied by a researcher using a hand-tally counter to assess the performance of the device at a natural speed. A Bland-Altman plot was used to analyze the difference between manually counted steps and wearable device–measured steps. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was computed (with a 95% confidence interval) between step measurements. The generalized linear mixed-model (GLMM) ICCs were estimated, providing a random effect term (random intercept) for the individual measurements (gold standard and device). Both adjusted and conditional ICCs were computed for the GLMM models considering separately the effect of age, sex, BMI, and obesity. Analyses were performed using R software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing) with the rms package.

Results

A total of 23 females and 26 males were enrolled in the study. The median age of the participants was 75 years. The Bland-Altman plot revealed that, excluding one observation, all differences across measurements were in the confidence bounds, demonstrating the substantial agreement between the step count measurements. The results were confirmed by an ICC equal to .98 (.96-.99), demonstrating excellent agreement between the two sets of measurements.

Conclusions

The level of accuracy of wearable devices in quantifying the PA of elderly people in a real-life setting that was found in this study supports the idea of considering wrist-wearable nonmedical devices (widely available in nonspecialized stores) as reliable tools. Both health care professionals and informal caregivers could monitor the level of PA of their patients.
Smoking Cessation Using Wearable Sensors: Protocol for a Microrandomized Trial
Authors: Hernandez Laura M , Wetter David W , Kumar Santosh , Sutton Steven K , Vinci Christine
Published: February 2021

Background

Cigarette smoking has numerous health consequences and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Mindfulness has the ability to enhance resilience to stressors and can strengthen an individual’s ability to deal with discomfort, which may be particularly useful when managing withdrawal and craving to smoke.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate feasibility results from an intervention that provides real-time, real-world mindfulness strategies to a sample of racially and ethnically diverse smokers making a quit attempt.

Methods

This study uses a microrandomized trial design to deliver mindfulness-based strategies in real time to individuals attempting to quit smoking. Data will be collected via wearable sensors, a study smartphone, and questionnaires filled out during the in-person study visits.

Results

Recruitment is complete, and data management is ongoing.

Conclusions

The data collected during this feasibility trial will provide preliminary findings about whether mindfulness strategies delivered in real time are a useful quit smoking aid that warrants additional investigation.

Trial Registration

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03404596; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03404596

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/22877
Analysis of Effective Dose at Computed Tomography in a Modern 64 slice Multidetector CT System in an Irish Tertiary Care Centre with Local and International Reference Standards (Preprint)
Authors: Curran Tadhg-Iarla , Maher Michael , O'Neill Siobhan , McLaughlin Patrick
Published: February 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) are used to establish if local imaging protocols have been optimised. This study examines a modern multi-detector 64 slice CT (MDCT) system for four commonly performed examinations in a large tertiary care centre by comparison with current international reference standards. Effective dose (ED) was calculated using dose-length product conversion coefficients for all patients and compared to Irish national and local DRLs, and published international point values. ED at CT abdomen-pelvis was 28.5% above the national DRL and 26% above the local DRL. ED at CT thorax was 3.5% greater than local DRL and 42.5% greater than the national DRL. ED at CT brain was 100% above both the local and national DRLs. CT cervical spine ED was 79% greater than the local and 100% greater than the national DRL.A review of study protocols is necessary to facilitate optimisation of total study radiation dose.
The Transition to an Entirely Digital Immunization Registry in Ha Noi Province and Son La Province, Vietnam: Readiness Assessment Study (Preprint)
Authors: Duong Hong , Dao Sang , Dang Huyen , Nguyen Linh , Ngo Tuan , Nguyen Trung , Tran Lan Anh , Nguyen Doan , Rivera Maya , Nguyen Nga
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Vietnam is one of the first low- to middle-income countries to develop and implement a national-scale electronic immunization registry. This system was finalized into the National Immunization Information System (NIIS) and scaled up to a national-level system in 2017. As a result, immunization coverage and the timeliness of vaccinations have drastically improved. The time spent on planning and reporting vaccinations has drastically reduced; as a result, vaccination planning and reporting has become more accurate and effective. However, to date, end users have been tasked with managing both the NIIS and paper-based systems in parallel until a formal assessment of the readiness to fully transition to the NIIS is conducted.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the readiness to move to an entirely digital NIIS in 2 provinces of Vietnam—Ha Noi and Son La.

METHODS

All health facilities were surveyed to assess their infrastructure, capacity, and need for human resources. NIIS end users were observed and interviewed to evaluate their NIIS knowledge and skill sets. Data from immunization cards and facility paper-based logbooks were compared with data from the NIIS, and vaccine stocks at selected facilities were tallied and compared with data from the NIIS.

RESULTS

Of the 990 health facilities evaluated, most used the NIIS to enter and track immunizations (987/990, 99.7%) and vaccine stocks (889/990, 90.8%). Most had stable electricity (971/990, 98.1%), at least 1 computer (986/990, 99.6%), and ≥2 trained NIIS end users (825/990, 83.3%). End users reported that the NIIS supported them in managing and reporting immunization data and saving them time (725/767, 94.5%). Although many end users were able to perform basic skills, almost half struggled with performing more complex tasks. Immunization data were compiled from the NIIS and immunization cards (338/378, 89.4%) and paper-based logbooks (254/269, 94.4%). However, only 54.5% (206/378) of immunization IDs matched, 57% (13/23) of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination records were accurate, and 70% (21/30) of the facilities had consistent physical vaccine stock balances. The feedback received from NIIS end users suggests that more supportive supervision, frequent refresher training for strengthening their skill sets, and detailed standardized guides for improving data quality are needed.

CONCLUSIONS

The readiness to transition to a digital system is promising; however, additional resources are required to address the timeliness, completeness, and accuracy of the data.
THE MENTAL HEALTH OF FIRST- AND FINAL-YEAR PRECLINICAL MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Stephanie Michelle , Surjadi Charles
Published: February 2021

Background: Medical students consistently have higher rates of mental health problems, these include higher levels of stress, anxiety, and burnout, alongside low levels of overall health, and energy. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and the factors influencing the mental health of first- and final-year preclinical students in Unika Atma Jaya.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on all first-year preclinical students (196 respondents) and all final-year preclinical students (115 respondents) using Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ). Data were then analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test, chi square, and Fisher’s exact test.Results: 95 out of 196 (48.5%) of first-year students and 22 out of 115 (19.1%) of final-year students have SRQ score of ³6. Mental health of first-year students were found to be related to their religion and personal life events. Meanwhile factors affecting the mental health of final-year students were their motivation in enrolling to medical school and personal life events.Conclusion: There is a significant difference of mental health in first- and final-year students (48.5% and 19.1%). This may be related to their religion, personal life events, and their motivation in enrolling to medical school. Keywords: mental health, medical students, self reporting questionnaire
MEDICAL STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS OF THE TRUWINIST INTERDIGITAL METHOD FOR ANTIBIOTIC LEARNING
Authors: Rose Sitorus Trully Deti , Ismi Fadla Khairatu , Ramadhanti Julia , Bashari Muhammad Hasan
Published: February 2021

Background: The field of education began to shift from conventional methods to the e-learning method. Blended-learning method is a method that combines e-learning and conventional methods. Truwinist Interdigital Method (MTI) is a learning innovation using the blended-learning method. The aim of this study was to determine student perceptions about blended-learning: Truwinist Interdigital Method.Methods: This study is a descriptive studies. The subjects of this study were students of the Medical Undergraduate Study Program of Padjadjaran University in 7th semester, add up to 156 students in total. Subjects were presented with material for 4 days by accessing MTI antibiotics and continued face to face for 1 hour on the fourth day. The research instrument in the form of a questionnaire consisted of 16 statements with 4 aspects of assessment, namely ‘students interest’, ‘accessibility’, ‘content’, and ‘discussion activities in MTI’. The calculation method used likert-scale with index interval analysis.Results: Based on the analysis of the data from questionnaire, all items for aspects of students interest in blended-learning and accessibility were categorized as 'strongly agree'. Index number for the aspect of content is 78.21%; 79.97%; 79.97%; and 82.85% were categorized as 'strongly agree' and 72.28% were categorized as 'agree'. The index number per item for the aspect of discussion activities is 79.65% and 90.54% which is categorized as 'strongly agree', while the index number of 69.55% is categorized as 'agree'.Conclusion: The majority of students have a positive response to learning using blended learning: MTI. Keywords: perception, blended-learning, truwinist interdigital.
University Graduates’ Perception about the Effect of EFL Speaking Skills on Employability
Authors: Alkooheji Lamya , Al-Hittami Abdulghani
Published: February 2021

This paper explores the perception of Bahraini graduates from the University of Bahrain on the speaking skills they acquired in EFL courses in higher education and to what extent it served them in job interviews and at work. The study employed an online survey to collect data from Bahrainis who have graduated from the University of Bahrain in the last five years, and 214 responses were collected. The results showed that the majority of participants thought that university EFL courses should focus more directly on English speaking skills as they affected their success in job interviews and for work. According to the participants, the three major obstacles to improving English speaking skills required for increasing employability in EFL courses were that these courses were mostly based on indoctrination, that students rarely found a chance to talk in class and also that topics were far from verbal communication needs at work. The study suggested some in-class strategies for improving English speaking skills and also recommended either making speaking a compulsory graded component of EFL courses and/or adding a compulsory English speaking course to the university programmes.
Boundaries of Jerusalem
Authors: Biger Gideon
Published: February 2021

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DEFINISANJE KONCEPTA RADA POLICIJE U LOKALNOJ ZAJEDNICI
Authors: Lazic Ivan
Published: February 2021

Ovaj rad proučava koncept rada policije u lokalnoj zajednici kao nov pristup u policijskom delovanju, organizaciji, strategiji i taktici koji dovodi do širokog povezivanja i saradnje policije i građana na nivou lokalne zajednice. U policijsku praksu uvedeni su razni oblici tesne saradnje policije i drugih društvenih faktora i institucija- multiagencijski pristup. Ovaj način rada afirmisao je proaktivnu policijsku delatnost i angažovanje policije u prevenciji kriminaliteta. Doveo je do formiranja novih oblika bezbednosne organizacije u okviru zajednice. Novi strateški pristupi kriminalitetu prihvaćeni su kao svetski standard i primenjuju se širom sveta u različitim oblicima, ali sa nekim zajedničkim karakteristikama. Uvođenje principa rada policije u zajednici jedan je od uslova koji jedna zemlja treba da ispuni da bi mogla da konkuriše za prijem u evropske integracije, pre svega u Evropsku Uniju. Policijsko postupanje koje je orijentisano samo na događaje nije dovoljno efikasno u otklanjanju uzroka društveno opasnih ponašanja. U skladu sa tim, prevencija kriminala u svetu u poslednjoj deceniji 20. veka načinila je značajan iskorak uvođenjem modela koji se naziva community policing, odnosno rad policije u lokalnoj zajednici. Oseća se potreba za naučnim delima koja će biti u skladu sa svetskim kretanjima u ovoj oblasti, zadovoljiti potrebe domaće prakse i zainteresovane stručne javnosti i pružiti policiji jasnu viziju. Potrebu za celovitim prikazivanjem koncepta rada policije u lokalnoj zajednici i bezbedne zajednice, pruža nam saznanje da je u pitanju proces koji nema alternativu. U pitanju je filozofija, strategija i taktika rada policije u zajednici u cilju izgrađivanja bezbedne zajednice kao dominantne vizije za 21. vek. Reč je o modelu koji teži da policiju i zajednicu učini humanijim i integrisanijim nego što su to one danas.
INSTITUCIJA ZAŠTITNIKA GRAĐANA U IZVEŠTAVANJU PORTALA DNEVNOG LICA “BLIC” U PERIODU OD 2013 DO 2016. GODINE
Authors: Arsic Dragana
Published: February 2021

Za uspostavljanje demokratskog poretka i njegovo potpuno i suštinsko ostvarenje od presudnog je značaja edukovanje javnosti, odnosno njeno upućivanje u sve vrednosti demokratskog društva, načine njegovog funkcionisanja, prava i obaveze svakog građanina i dr. Mediji svakog demokratskog društva trebalo bi da o ovoj temi izveštavaju kritički, transparentno, detaljno i edukativno. S tim u vezi za svakog građanina bitna su saznanja o mehanizmima kontrole javne uprave, a samim tim i o karakteristikama, funkcionisanju, radu i nadležnostima institucije ombudsmana, odnosno Zaštitnika građana. U ovom radu analizirane su medijske objave online portala dnevnog lista “Blic” u periodu od početka 2013. do kraja 2016. godine. Istraživanje pokazuje da je ovaj portal delimično ostvario ovu funkciju, i na zadovoljavajući način upoznao čitaoce portala o značaju, ulozi i funkcijama institucije ombudsmana na različitim nivoima u Republici Srbiji, te da sa takvom praksom, uz dodatno unapređenje, u budućnosti treba i nastaviti.
EVROPSKI OMBUDSMAN I LOŠA UPRAVA
Authors: Moskovljevic Milos
Published: February 2021

PRIKAZ KNJIGE: Marko Davinić

EVROPSKI OMBUDSMAN I LOŠA UPRAVA

Zaštitnik građana, Beograd, 2013
Prevalence of Human Leukocyte Antigen B27 Positivity and Microbiological Profiles of Patients with Reactive Arthritis – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Jayaprakash T. , Leela K.V. , Sundaram A. , Rajendran C. Panchapakesa , Aparna R.
Published: February 2021

The present study aims to determine the spectrum of etiological agents and to screen HLA-B27 and, related inflammatory markers in patients presenting with symptoms of Spondyloarthritis(SpA) post diarrhea, which can aid in prompt diagnosis of reactive arthritis (ReA). A total of 903 stool samples of patients presenting with diarrhea were collected and screened with microscopic and culture techniques to identify the etiological agents. Blood samples of patients presenting with both diarrhea and arthritis were collected and subjected to C- reactive protein(CRP), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) and Human Leukocyte Antigen B27(HLA-B27) detection tests.Among the total of 903 patients, 20 Salmonella species were isolated. Othergut microbes identified included Escherichia coli 572(63%), Klebsiella species 126(14%), Proteus vulgaris 43(5%), Proteus mirabilis 27(3%), Citrobacter species and Enterococcus species 8(1%), while some of these organisms(3.2%) caused inflammation resulting in ReA. Parasitic etiology was found in 99 patients, among which the most common parasites include Entamoeba histolytica and hookworm, identified through microscopy. Among the total, 29 patients were found to have symptoms of joint pain with articular and extra articular manifestations, and some associated with HLA-B27.
Repurposing of the Herbals as Immune-Boosters in the Prevention and Management of COVID-19: A Review
Authors: Kumari Rinki , Venaik Anita , Hasibuzzaman Md Al , Azure Simon Agongo , Ojha Rudra P. , Sahi Ajay Kumar
Published: February 2021

Coronavirus disease (COVID) is highly contagious, and negligence of it causes high morbidity and mortality globally. The highly infectious viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was abbreviated as COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) by World Health Organization first time on February 11, 2020, and later on, WHO declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic on 11/3/2020. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that the SARS CoV-2 infects the overall population, irrespective of age, gender, or ethnic variation, but it was observed in clinical studies that older and compromised immunity population is much more prone to COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 majorly spread through aeration route in droplet form on sneezing and coughing, or by contact when touching eyes, nose or mouth with the infected hands or any other organs, resulting from mild to severe range of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This literature-based review was done by searching the relevant SCI and SCOPUS papers on the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, herbal formulation, and Ayurveda from the databases, Academia, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ResearchGate. The present review attempts to recognize the therapeutic strategies to combat COVID-19 because of the current human risk. Indian system of medicine, including herbals, has immense potential in treating and managing various viral infections and provides evidence to utilize Ayurvedic medication to improve immunity. Cumulative research findings suggest that Ayurvedic formulations and herbal immunomodulators (Tino sporacordifolia, Withania somnifera, Crocus sativus, Zafran, Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale, Albizia lebbek, Terminalia chebula, Piper longum, Mangifera indica, Ocimum sanctum, Centella asiatica ) are promising in the treatment of outrageous viral infections without exerting adverse effects. Considering the ancient wisdom of knowledge, the herbal formulations would compel healthcare policymakers to endorse Ayurveda formulations to control the COVID-19 pandemic significantly.
Bacterial Colonization of Intensive Care Unit Environment and Healthcare Workers in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Kolar Region, India
Authors: Kalyani R. , Arvind N. , Kumar N. Suresh , Reddy Mahendra M , Dinesh K.
Published: February 2021

Direct shedding of microbes by patients and health care workers results in contamination of Intensive care unit environment. Intensive care unit acquired infections due to microbial contamination is a major concern because the patient’s immunity is already compromised. To determine the rate of bacterial contamination on environmental surfaces of Intensive care unit and health care workers and to determine the antibiogram of the isolates. Air samples and swabs from healthcare workers, their accessories, surrounding environmental surfaces were collected randomly over a period of 2 months in Adult Intensive care units. Bacterial isolates were identified by standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and data analyzed by Statistical Product and Service Solutions 22 version software. A total of 208 samples were randomly collected over 2 months, of which 56 samples yielded positive bacterial growth. Of 56 growth, 12 isolates were detected from air sampling method and 44 isolates from swabs. Among 44 isolates identified from swabs, 10 were isolated from healthcare workers, 4 from health care worker’s accessories and 30 from environmental surfaces. Six different bacterial isolates were identified, Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (24) and Micrococcus (15) were the major isolates followed by Non fermenters (6), Staphylococcus aureus(4), Bacillus species(4) and diphtheroids (3) The antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of these bacterial isolates were sensitive to commonly used antibacterial agents. Study results showed Intensive care unit staff and environmental surfaces as probable sources of bacterial contamination. Study highlights the importance of cleaning and disinfection process and educate the health care workers about the possible sources of infections within Intensive care unit.
Optimasi Formula Pasta Gigi Kombinasi Ekstrak Rimpang Temu Kunci dan Sereh dengan CMC-Na dan Carbomer sebagai Bahan Pengikat Menggunakan Metode Simplex Lattice Design
Authors: Hati Anita Kumala , Dyahariesti Niken , Yuswantina Richa
Published: February 2021

Comercial toothpaste contain fluoride to prevent dental caries. The usage of fluoride in large quantities may cause irreversible enamel fluorosis, brittle bones, brittle teeth, premature aging, spontaneous abortion, and carcinogenic. Objective this experiment is knowing the extract concentration of finger roots and lemongrass which is equivalent to positive control and then performed optimization of toothpaste preparation formula with different concentrations of CMC-Na and carbomer with pH and viscosity parameters using the Simple Lattice Design method. The antibacterial test of lemongrass extract, finger roots and its combination with a concentration of 5% against Streptococcus mutans bacteria, showed the average diameter of the largest clear zone: finger roots extract was 11.167±0.288mm; combination of lemongrass extract:finger roots extract (1:2) was 10.83±0.288mm; combination of lemongrass extract: finger roots (2:1) was 10,067±1,006mm; lemongrass extract was 9.33±0.751mm; The combination of lemongrass extract:finger roots extract (1:1) was 9,133±0,321mm.. Post Hoc test results shows comparable to positive controls were 5% finger roots extracts, combination of lemongrass:finger roots 1:2 combination, and 2:1 combination. The optimum formula was obtained using the SLD method with a combination of 0.900% CMC-Na and 1,100% carbomer as a binding agent. The optimum pH formula of toothpaste was 7,613±0,076 and Viscosity 2,43,104cps±2571,640. The paired t-test pH obtained p-value 0.222 and the viscosity obtained p-value 0.934. The experimental results were not significantly different from the results predicted by the software simply latex design. The 5% finger roots extract can be developed into an herbal toothpaste with binding agent CMC-Na and a carbomer ratio of 0,9:1,1.