bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protein Intake, Source and Effect on Children’s Weight Status: An Epidemiological Study in Greece
Authors: Kokkou Stamatia , Notara Venetia , Kanellopoulou Aikaterini , Lagiou Areti , Panagiotakos Demosthenes
Published: September 2023

The development of overweight and obesity during late childhood and early adolescence is one of the most critical issues in public health. Additionally, over the past few years, the consumption of protein has tended to increase in both children and adults. The present study aimed to evaluate whether the protein type, either plant- or animal-sourced, as well as the quantity consumed, could potentially have a relationship with excess body weight in children. A total of 47 primary schools were selected, and 1728 students, aged 10–12 years, were enrolled for the purposes of this study, leading to our final sample of 712. Physical measurements, such as weight and height, were measured, and children were separated into two weight status categories according to their Body Mass Index, which was obtained through the International Obesity Task Force criteria. Students’ diets were assessed through a questionnaire, and total, plant- and animal-derived protein intakes were calculated. Unadjusted analysis showed a statistically significant association between body weight and plant protein. After adjustment for overall energy intake, sex, age, and exercise, there was a statistically significant negative association between plant protein and excess body weight in children (OR: 0.964, 95% CI: 0.936; 0.992), but a lack of association for animal-sourced protein (OR: 1.002, 95% CI: 0.991; 1.013). Dietary plant-derived protein seems to have a positive effect on weight status in children, independently of total energy intake and physical activity; nevertheless, additional research is required in order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Child Maltreatment: Skills and Perceptions as Competencies in Higher Nursing Education
Authors: Mouatadir Fadwa El Balghity , Pérez-Pérez Jorge , Yañez-Araque Benito , Gómez-Cantarino Sagrario
Published: September 2023

Child maltreatment is any action, neglect or aggression towards a child caused by parents, family members or others. The objective of this study is to find out the beliefs and attitudes regarding abuse among nursing students. Methods: This was an exploratory study with the aim of validating the questionnaire, made up of four dimensions. This questionnaire was administered during the 2020/2021 academic year to 370 undergraduate nursing students (first and third year), in Toledo, Talavera de la Reina and Albacete of the University of Castilla-La Mancha, in addition to resident nurses, master’s students and doctoral students during the first four-month period (September, October, November and December). A statistical analysis was carried out observing internal consistency for Cronbach’s alpha. Results: In total, 61.6% of the students concluded that the child was not responsible for maltreatment, and 41.6% thought that it was independent of gender. Furthermore, 65.7% stated that it is human nature for parents to care for their children, 74.1% considered maltreatment to be a crime in the family, and 15.4% said that it does not exist in higher social classes. A total of 23.2% said that those in nursing professions should not intervene in child abuse. With regard to Münchausen syndrome, there was less agreement among the participants, being unknown to the great majority of the students. Conclusions: Among the participants, a lack of knowledge about child abuse was observed, as well as the role of nursing in its detection. Subsequently, given the importance of nursing and its professionals in the detection and management of child abuse, it is necessary to implement knowledge and skills in undergraduate training.
Gender Differences in Insulin Resistance: New Knowledge and Perspectives
Authors: Ciarambino Tiziana , Crispino Pietro , Guarisco Gloria , Giordano Mauro
Published: September 2023

Insulin resistance is the main mechanism in a whole series of pathological conditions, which are not only of metabolic interest but also of a systemic type. This phenomenon means that the body’s cells become less sensitive to the hormone insulin, leading to higher levels of insulin in the blood. Insulin resistance is a phenomenon that can be found in both men and women and in particular, in the latter, it is found mainly after menopause. Premenopause, hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, and the presence of estrogen can affect insulin sensitivity. Androgens, such as testosterone, are typically higher in men and can contribute to insulin resistance. In both sexes, different human body types affect the distribution and location of body fat, also influencing the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance is also associated with some neurological and neurogenerative disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome, atherosclerosis, and some of the main neoplastic pathologies. A healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and self-maintenance, can help to prevent the onset of insulin resistance, regardless of gender, although the different habits between men and women greatly affect the implementation of preventative guidelines that help in fighting the manifestations of this metabolic disorder. This review may help to shed light on gender differences in metabolic diseases by placing a necessary focus on personalized medical management and by inspiring differentiated therapeutic approaches.
A Direct Laser Sintering Approach for the Electrophoretic Deposition Overlay of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia on the Surface of a Thermal Barrier Coating System
Authors: Ali Bash Maryam A. , Ajeel Sami A. , Abbas Ruqayah A. , Kadhim Mohammed J.
Published: September 2023

The laser sintering process and modification of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings subjected to electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on YSZ air-plasma-sprayed (APS) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were investigated. A Ni-based superalloy was plasma-sprayed using yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) to create a thermal barrier coating with a 400 μm thickness. The electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique was used to deposit the nanopowder of YSZ on the surface of YSZ TBCs. In this study, a technology based on the direct sintering of a green EPD layer using a laser beam was employed. The best conditions for the deposition overlay of the YSZ coating using a DC current were obtained with an applied voltage of 40 V, deposition time of 5 min, and suspension concentration of 10 g/L. Iodine was added to the solutions as a stabilizing agent. To overcome the problems of high sintering temperatures, laser sintering was adopted as a new approach. The microstructures of all the specimens were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Surface roughness was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis and the central line average (CLA). The direct laser sintering (DLS) process for the EPD overlay on the surface of the TBCs caused a reduction in surface roughness and porosity, and improvements in the microstructural and mechanical properties of the surface coatings were observed.
Response Rate of the Third and Fourth Doses of the BNT162b2 Vaccine Administered to Cancer Patients Undergoing Active Anti-Neoplastic Treatments
Authors: Agbarya Abed , Sarel Ina , Ziv-Baran Tomer , Schwartz Orna , Shechtman Yelena , Kozlener Ella , Khoury Rasha , Sheikh-Ahmad Mohammad , Saiegh Leonard , Swaid Forat , Ahmad Asala Abu , Janzic Urska , Brenner Ronen
Published: September 2023

The BNT162b2 vaccine is globally used for preventing morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19. Cancer patients have had priority for receiving the vaccine due to their diminished immunity. This study reports the response rate of administering the third and fourth vaccine doses to cancer patients receiving active anti-neoplastic treatment. A total of 142 patients received two doses of the mRNA-based BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine, while 76 and 25 patients received three and four doses, respectively. The efficacy of the humoral response following two vaccine doses was diminished in cancer patients, especially in the group of patients receiving chemotherapy. In a multivariate analysis, patients who received three and four BNT162b2 vaccine doses were more likely to have antibody titers in the upper tertile compared to patients who received two doses of the vaccine (odds ratio (OR) 7.62 (95% CI 1.38–42.12), p = 0.02 and 17.15 (95% CI 5.01–58.7), p < 0.01, respectively). Unlike the response after two doses, the third and fourth BNT162b2 vaccine booster doses had an increased efficacy of 95–100% in cancer patients while undergoing active treatment. This result could be explained by different mechanisms including the development of memory B cells.
Propofol Affords No Protection against Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in a Mouse Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Liu Meizi , Jayaraman Keshav , Nelson James W. , Mehla Jogender , Diwan Deepti , Vellimana Ananth K. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Athiraman Umeshkumar
Published: September 2023

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is an important contributor to poor outcomes in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. We previously showed that volatile anesthetics such as isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane provided robust protection against SAH-induced DCI, but the impact of a more commonly used intravenous anesthetic agent, propofol, is not known. The goal of our current study is to examine the neurovascular protective effects of propofol on SAH-induced DCI. Twelve-week-old male wild-type mice were utilized for the study. Mice underwent endovascular perforation SAH or sham surgery followed one hour later by propofol infusion through the internal jugular vein (2 mg/kg/min continuous intravenous infusion). Large artery vasospasm was assessed three days after SAH. Neurological outcome assessment was performed at baseline and then daily until animal sacrifice. Statistical analysis was performed via one-way ANOVA and two-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by the Newman–Keuls multiple comparison test with significance set at p < 0.05. Intravenous propofol did not provide any protection against large artery vasospasm or sensory–motor neurological deficits induced by SAH. Our data show that propofol did not afford significant protection against SAH-induced DCI. These results are consistent with recent clinical studies that suggest that the neurovascular protection afforded by anesthetic conditioning is critically dependent on the class of anesthetic agent.
An Observer-Based Adaptive Neural Network Finite-Time Tracking Control for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles via Command Filters
Authors: Guo Jun , Wang Jun , Bo Yuming
Published: September 2023

Due to the hostile marine environment, there will inevitably be unpredictable factors during the operation of unmanned underwater vehicles, including changes in ocean currents, hull dimensions, and velocity measurement uncertainties. An improved finite-time adaptive tracking control issue is considered for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) with uncertain dynamics, unknown external disturbances, and unavailable speed information. A state observer is designed to estimate the position and velocity of the vehicle via a neural network (NN) approach. The NN is used to estimate uncertainties and external disturbances. A finite-time controller is designed via backstepping and command filter techniques. A multi-input multi-output (MIMO) filter for AUVs is established, and the corresponding MIMO filter compensation signal is constructed to eliminate the effect of filtering error. All the signals of the closed-loop system are proved to be finite-time bounded. An example with comparison is given to show the effectiveness of our method.
Production of Biofuels from Glycerol from the Biodiesel Production Process—A Brief Review
Authors: Almeida Eugênia Leandro , Olivo José Eduardo , Andrade Cid Marcos Gonçalves
Published: September 2023

Biodiesel is seen as a successor to diesel of petrochemical origin, as it can be used in cycle and stationary engines and be obtained from renewable raw materials. Currently, the biodiesel production process on an industrial scale is mostly carried out through the transesterification reaction, also forming glycerol as a product. Pure glycerol is used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, cleaning, food, and other industries. Even presenting numerous applications, studies indicate that there is a saturation of glycerol in the market, which is directly related to the production of biodiesel. This increase causes a commercial devaluation of pure glycerol, making separation and purification processes unfeasible from an economic point of view. Despite the economic unfeasibility of the aforementioned processes, they continue to be carried out due to environmental issues. Faced with the problem presented, this work provides a bibliographical review of works that aimed to use glycerol as a raw material for the production of biofuels, with these processes being carried out mostly via fermentation.
Unravelling Heavy Metal Dynamics in Soil and Honey: A Case Study from Maramureș Region, Romania
Authors: Bora Florin Dumitru , Babeș Anca Cristina , Călugăr Anamaria , Jitea Mugurel Ioan , Hoble Adela , Filimon Răzvan Vasile , Bunea Andrea , Nicolescu Alexandru , Bunea Claudiu Ioan
Published: September 2023

The study examined soil and honey samples from the Maramureș region, assessing potentially toxic elements and their concentrations. The highest concentrations were found for (Cu), (Zn), (Pb), (Cr), (Ni), (Cd), (Co), and (As), while (Hg) remained below the detection limit. Samples near anthropogenic sources displayed elevated metal levels, with the Aurul settling pond and Herja mine being major contamination sources. Copper concentrations exceeded the legal limits in areas near these sources. Zinc concentrations were highest near mining areas, and Pb and Cd levels surpassed the legal limits near beehives producing acacia honey. Nickel and Co levels were generally within limits but elevated near the Herja mine. The study highlighted the role of anthropogenic activities in heavy metal pollution. In the second part, honey samples were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations, with variations across types and locations. Positive correlations were identified between certain elements in honey, influenced by factors like location and pollution sources. The research emphasized the need for pollution control measures to ensure honey safety. The bioaccumulation factor analysis indicated a sequential metal transfer from soil to honey. The study’s comprehensive approach sheds light on toxic element contamination in honey, addressing pollution sources and pathways.
Complement in Human Brain Health: Potential of Dietary Food in Relation to Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Xing Yihang , Zhang Dingwen , Fang Li , Wang Ji , Liu Chunlei , Wu Dan , Liu Xiaoting , Wang Xiyan , Min Weihong
Published: September 2023

The complement pathway is a major component of the innate immune system, which is critical for recognizing and clearing pathogens that rapidly react to defend the body against external pathogens. Many components of this pathway are expressed throughout the brain and play a beneficial role in synaptic pruning in the developing central nervous system (CNS). However, excessive complement-mediated synaptic pruning in the aging or injured brain may play a contributing role in a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. Complement Component 1q (C1q), an initiating recognition molecule of the classical complement pathway, can interact with a variety of ligands and perform a range of functions in physiological and pathophysiological conditions of the CNS. This review considers the function and immunomodulatory mechanisms of C1q; the emerging role of C1q on synaptic pruning in developing, aging, or pathological CNS; the relevance of C1q; the complement pathway to neurodegenerative diseases; and, finally, it summarizes the foods with beneficial effects in neurodegenerative diseases via C1q and complement pathway and highlights the need for further research to clarify these roles. This paper aims to provide references for the subsequent study of food functions related to C1q, complement, neurodegenerative diseases, and human health.
Nutritional Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Family Physician Practitioners in Gulf Countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and UAE)
Authors: Alzaben Abeer S. , Aljahdali Abeer A. , Alasousi Lulua F. , Alzaben Ghadeer , Kennedy Lynne , Alhashem Anwar
Published: September 2023

Family physicians serve as pivotal points of contact within global healthcare systems. Nutrition plays a significant role in lifestyle and preventive medicine. With the rise of chronic and non-communicable diseases in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, these physicians advise patients and the public on diet-related conditions. This descriptive cross-sectional study assessed the nutritional knowledge and practices across the GCC. Combining survey data from multiple GCC sites, a sample of family physicians was generated. Registered GCC family physicians received email invitations containing participant information, informed consent forms, and a self-administered online questionnaire. Analysis of data from four GCC countries involving 8751 family physicians and nutrition experts revealed an average nutrition knowledge score of 62%. Nearly all participants recognized the importance of nutrition in preventing and treating chronic diseases. Common nutritional practices included recommending regular exercise (92%), referring patients to dietitians for nutrition-related concerns (70%), and providing nutrition advice (68.6%). GCC family physicians underscore the significance of nutrition in preventing and managing chronic ailments. Therefore, incorporating nutritional counseling into their practices is essential. This study highlights the need to integrate nutrition education into medical curricula and ongoing professional development, given that only 62% of GCC family physicians correctly answered nutrition-related questions.
Umbilical Cord Diseases Affecting Obstetric and Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Tonni Gabriele , Lituania Mario , Cecchi Alessandro , Carboni Elisa , Resta Serena , Bonasoni Maria Paola , Ruano Rodrigo
Published: September 2023

Background: (1) The aim of this article is to describe the physiopathology underlying umbilical cord diseases and their relationship with obstetric and perinatal outcomes. (2) Methods: Multicenter case series of umbilical cord diseases with illustrations from contributing institutions are presented. (3) Results: Clinical presentations of prenatal ultrasound findings, clinical prenatal features and postnatal outcomes are described. (4) Conclusions: Analysis of our series presents and discusses how umbilical cord diseases are associated with a wide variety of obstetric complications leading to a higher risk of poor perinatal outcomes in pregnancies. Knowing the physiopathology, prenatal clinical presentations and outcomes related to umbilical diseases allow for better prenatal counseling and management to potentially avoid severe obstetric and perinatal complications.
Alterations in Nonvolatile Components of Tea (Camellia sinensis) Induced by Insect Feeding under Field Conditions
Authors: Ito Ayumi , Kamiya Jin , Katsuno Nakako , Yanase Emiko
Published: September 2023

Tea leaf components are affected by environmental factors such as insect feeding, and metabolites have been studied using specific insect and tea leaf model systems. However, in gardens, tea leaves are eaten by various insects. Because the components of tea may affect human health, the effect of insect damage on metabolites needs to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of insect feeding on the nonvolatile components of tea in a field experiment. Furthermore, we determined the effects of insect damage on the composition of black tea products. Tea leaves were sampled from insect-attacked and moderately insect-attacked areas. Catechins were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Tea leaves were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, followed by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis and molecular networking analysis. The nonvolatile components in insect-attacked leaves were significantly affected. The amounts of gallate-type catechins in highly attacked leaves were approximately 1.2 times higher than in moderately attacked leaves. Furthermore, highly attacked leaves had increased levels of afzelechin gallate, procyanidins, and hydrolyzable tannins. These results varied with previous reports that used model systems with specific insects. In addition, some of these compounds were also detected as characteristic components in black tea from highly attacked leaves.
Complexity in Genetic Epilepsies: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Rastin Cassandra , Schenkel Laila C. , Sadikovic Bekim
Published: September 2023

Epilepsy is a highly prevalent neurological disorder, affecting between 5–8 per 1000 individuals and is associated with a lifetime risk of up to 3%. In addition to high incidence, epilepsy is a highly heterogeneous disorder, with variation including, but not limited to the following: severity, age of onset, type of seizure, developmental delay, drug responsiveness, and other comorbidities. Variable phenotypes are reflected in a range of etiologies including genetic, infectious, metabolic, immune, acquired/structural (resulting from, for example, a severe head injury or stroke), or idiopathic. This review will focus specifically on epilepsies with a genetic cause, genetic testing, and biomarkers in epilepsy.
Spatial Differentiation Assessment of the Vulnerability of Marine Protected Areas to Oil Spill Stress in the Bohai Sea
Authors: Wang Yebao , Tang Cheng , Du Peipei , Liu Baijing , Li Yanfang , Chen Chuntao
Published: September 2023

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are pivotal in safeguarding and preserving global ocean ecosystems. However, oil spills exert both discernible and evident impacts on marine ecosystems and the biodiversity of MPAs. In this research, an environmental model for assessing vulnerability to oil spills was constructed, which amalgamates diverse indicators pertaining to pressure, state, and response capabilities into a unified index. This integration was achieved through the utilization of a geographic information system (GIS) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). For clarity, the Bohai Sea was segmented into seven distinct response zones. The study’s results underscore the substantial spatial disparities in vulnerability when these zones are exposed to oil spills. Notably, zone 6 displayed markedly heightened vulnerability compared to the other zones, while MPAs exhibiting relatively low to extremely low vulnerabilities were primarily situated in the northern sector of zone 7 and across zone 5. This study employed a quantitative vulnerability analysis to offer valuable perspectives on the repercussions of oil spill incidents on MPAs. This emphasizes the necessity of enhancing adaptability to minimize vulnerability, benefiting MPA stakeholders susceptible to the risks associated with oil spills.
The Stack Optimization of Magnetic Heterojunction Structures for Next-Generation Spintronic Logic Applications
Authors: Cho Jaehun , Jung Jinyong , Kim Seong Bok , Ju Woo Ri , Kim Da Hyeon , Byun Myunghwan , Kim June-Seo
Published: September 2023

Magnetic heterojunction structures with a suppressed interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and a sustainable long-range interlayer exchange coupling are achieved with an ultrathin platinum insertion layer. The systematic inelastic light scattering spectroscopy measurements indicate that the insertion layer restores the symmetry of the system and, then, the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, which can prevent the identical magnetic domain wall motions, is obviously minimized. Nevertheless, the strong interlayer exchange coupling of the system is maintained. Consequently, synthetic ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange couplings as a function of the ruthenium layer thickness are observed as well. Therefore, these optimized magnetic multilayer stacks can avoid crucial issues, such as domain wall tilting and position problems, for next-generation spintronic logic applications. Moreover, the synthetic antiferromagnetic coupling can open a new path to develop a radically different NOT gate via current-induced magnetic domain wall motions and inversions.
Advancing Energy Storage and Catalysis with Novel Nanomaterials
Authors: Yang Zhenyu , Zhao Jinsheng
Published: September 2023

In the dynamic realm of materials science, novel nanomaterials possess the transformative potential to reshape various industries, ranging from energy storage to catalysis [...]
Multi-Criteria Analysis for the Evaluation of Urban Freight Logistics Solutions: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Alvarez Gallo Sandra , Maheut Julien
Published: September 2023

The tension between city logistics and its impact on sustainable urban development is evident. Often, local environmental decisions overlook the effects on urban freight logistics, lacking consideration for stakeholders. To address this, utilizing multi-criteria analysis becomes relevant for informed urban planning and management decision making. In this context, this paper conducts a systematic literature review from 2012 to 2022, focused on implementing the multi-criteria analysis methodology to evaluate alternatives for solutions in urban freight logistics. The PRISMA tool was used in the review to select publications and categorize the information obtained to address the research questions. Results display the most prominent authors and publications, authors’ country affiliations, annual publication frequency, research objectives, used frameworks, involved actors, defined evaluation criteria, types of alternatives for solutions considered, and MCDM methods applied. The main finding is that the most commonly used MCDM methods were AHP hybrid followed by MAMCA. In addition, no clear correlation between the pursued objectives and the MCDM methods employed by the researchers is identified. It is important to note that all publications with the highest number of citations use fuzzy methods in their analyses.
The Magnetic Technique—A Novel and Promising Method to Improve Axillary Staging Localisation from a Swedish Perspective
Authors: Wärnberg Fredrik , Obondo Christine , Chin Kian
Published: September 2023

The magnetic technique using superparamagnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide has been well established for sentinel lymph node detection. Its main advantage is in the context of logistics, with the possibility to inject several weeks before surgery and the possibility to give access to sentinel lymph node biopsy for women worldwide in places without nuclear medicine facilities. We have not yet seen the full potential of this technique, and new implications have been developed for breast tumour localisation with paramagnetic clips and axillary staging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy using paramagnetic clips inserted in lymph node metastases before chemotherapy. In this report, we have presented our experience of the magnetic technique starting in 2014, and we have highlighted our current and future research directions.
Ameliorative Effects of Anthocyanin Metabolites on Western Diet-Induced NAFLD by Modulating Co-Occurrence Networks of Gut Microbiome
Authors: Nakano Hironobu , Sakao Kozue , Wada Koji , Hou De-Xing
Published: September 2023

Anthocyanins (Acn) have been reported to have preventive effects on Western diet (WD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the amount of Acn that reached the bloodstream were less than 1%, suggesting that anthocyanin metabolites (Acn-M) in the gut may contribute to their in vivo effects. This study is focused on a gut microbiota investigation to elucidate the effect of two major Acn-M, protocatechuic acid (PC) and phloroglucinol carboxaldehyde (PG), on NAFLD prevention. C57BL/6N male mice were divided into five groups and fed with a normal diet (ND), WD, WD + 0.5% PC, WD + 0.5% PG and WD + a mixture of 0.25% PC + 0.25% PG (CG) for 12 weeks. The results revealed that WD-fed mice showed a significant increase in final body weight, epididymis fat weight, liver weight and fat accumulation rate, serum total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. At the same time, these indices were significantly decreased by Acn-M in the order of PG, CG > PC. In particular, PG significantly decreased serum glucose and insulin resistance. Gut microbiome analysis revealed that PG significantly increased the relative abundance of Parabacteroides, Prevotella, Prevotella/Bacteroides ratio, and upregulated glucose degradation pathway. Interestingly, the co-occurrence networks of Lachnospiraceae and Desulfovibrionaceae in the PC and PG groups were similar to the ND group and different to WD group. These data suggest that PC and PG were able to recover the gut microbiome networks and functions from dysbiosis caused by WD. Therefore, PG might act as a master metabolite for anthocyanins and prevent WD-induced NAFLD and gut dysbiosis.
Is Personal Protective Equipment Worth the Hassle? Annual Risk of Cryptosporidiosis to Dairy Farmers and How Personal Protective Equipment and Handwashing Can Mitigate It
Authors: Mraz Alexis L. , Mutyala Nandini , Cleary Seana , Seals Brenda F.
Published: September 2023

Cows are known carriers of Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum), a protozoa that can cause the gastrointestinal illness cryptosporidiosis in humans. Despite this potential exposure, dairy farmers tend to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect the milk from contamination, rather than to protect themselves from zoonotic diseases, such as cryptosporidiosis. In this study, cow feces were collected from individual cattle on dairy farms and analyzed for C. parvum using qPCR. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) was used to determine the risk of cryptosporidiosis to the dairy farmer with and without the use of handwashing and PPE (gloves and masks). The annualized risk of cryptosporidiosis to dairy farmers was 29.08% but was reduced significantly in each of the three interventions. Among the individual interventions, glove use provided the greatest reduction in risk, bringing the annual risk of cryptosporidiosis to 4.82%. Implementing regular handwashing, the use of gloves and a mask brought the annual risk of cryptosporidiosis to 1.29%. This study provides evidence that handwashing and PPE use can significantly reduce the risk of cryptosporidiosis to farmers and is worth implementing despite potential barriers such as discomfort and cost.
Perfect Solar Absorber Based on Four-Step Stacked Metamaterial
Authors: Wang Pu , Gao Ziang , Xu Zhengshan , Zhao Tonggang
Published: September 2023

Solar absorbers are of great significance in the development of new energy technologies. However, the current approaches are mostly complex and fail to achieve high absorption rates across a wide range of wavelengths. Here, we propose a four-step stacked metamaterial solar absorber that achieves near-perfect absorption. Our four-step stacked absorber (FSSA) boasts an average absorption rate of 96.32% from 499 nm to 2348.3 nm, and a high average absorption rate of 94.96% from 300 nm to 2500 nm. Electromagnetic mode analysis and the impedance matching theory were employed to analyze the designed FSSA, which revealed that the high absorption rates are due to the propagating surface plasmon resonance (PSPR) and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) modes. The FSSA offers broadband, high absorption rates, and high spectrum selectivity. Additionally, the structural parameters are adjusted to optimize the proposed perfect solar absorber. This proposed absorber can have promising applications in the renewable energy industry.
A Model-Based Approach for Measuring Wavefront Aberrations Using Random Ball Residual Compensation
Authors: Li Jianke , Quan Haiyang , Jin Chuan , Liu Junbo , Zhu Xianchang , Wang Jian , Hu Song
Published: September 2023

The projection objective lens holds a pivotal role in lithography, directly influencing imaging system quality and, consequently, the lithography machine’s feature dimensions. Optical inspection methods for this lens require advancements in calibrating systematic error and enhancing alignment precision of auxiliary devices, given their impact on calibration accuracy. In the random averaging method, random ball can give rise to additional wavefront aberrations due to misalignment and numerical aperture mismatch. To mitigate these aberrations and enhance the accuracy of systematic error calibration, this paper introduces a random ball residual compensation (RBRC) model. Additionally, when combined with the random averaging technique, it elevates the calibration accuracy of the measured lens’s wavefront aberrations. The experimental results underscore the method’s effectiveness, accurately determining optical component eccentricities and numerical aperture errors. After eliminating these errors, more accurate values of lens wavefront aberrations are achieved. This research significantly contributes to enhancing error calibration of lithography objective lens systems.
Tunnel Lining Crack Detection Method Based on Polarization 3D Imaging
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhang Xuemin , Su Yun , Li Xuan , Ma Shiwei , Zhang Su , Ren Weihe , Li Kang
Published: September 2023

Non-contact and non-destructive polarization 3D imaging uses a passive, single-frame array image to calculate 3D information, making it possible to obtain high-precision 3D information about tunnel cracks, and offering outstanding technical advantages. Based on the introduction of the principle of crack detection with polarization 3D imaging, a tunnel lining crack detection plan was developed and a detection equipment was designed. The method and process of polarization 3D imaging for lining crack detection are described in detail. A model of the impact of the tunnel environment on 3D detection and a method for obtaining absolute information have been established to obtain high-precision 3D information about cracks. In a real tunnel environment, tests were conducted to detect wide cracks, narrow cracks, and artificial cracks. The crack detection accuracy with respect to the crack width was 0.2–0.3 mm, and with respect to crack length was 0.2–0.3 mm. At the same time, crack depth information could be obtained. The present research results can provide technical support for the application of polarization 3D imaging in tunnel crack detection.
French Fries’ Color and Frying Process in Relation to Used Plant Oils
Authors: Antonic Bojan , Dordevic Dani , Buchtova Hana , Tremlova Bohuslava , Dordevic Simona , Kushkevych Ivan
Published: September 2023

Fast-food establishments today often sell fried food without proper control over the frying oil, and french fries are a prime example. Neglecting the maintenance of frying oil can lead to decreased taste, health concerns, and operational inefficiencies. The following plant oils were used in the frying process: rapeseed, sunflower, and palm oil. The degree of frying was measured by the total polar meter (TPM), until the achievement of 24%. To accurately assess the color characteristics of the french fry samples, Minolta CM 2600d color measurement instrument was used. Statistically significant differences were observed between some color parameters (L, a, b, C, and h) and TPM values. The following correlations were observed: 0.530 was obtained for TPM and h (hue angle) in french fries fried in palm oil; negative correlation (−0.214) between TPM and L (lightness) was obtained in french fries fried in rapeseed oil. While we have observed certain correlations from our experimental data, it is important to note that the color of french fries may not be the sole determinant of fried oil quality. Other external factors, such as temperature, chemical composition, and potato cultivar, can also significantly influence the color of french fries.
Optimization Method of Jet Pump Process Parameters and Experimental Study on Optimal Parameter Combinations
Authors: Jia Xia , Liao Hualin , Hu Qiangfa , He Yuhang , Wang Yifan , Niu Wenlong
Published: September 2023

The performance of jet pumps depends significantly on their structural and operational parameters. Current research primarily concentrates on theoretical models and laboratory tests, with limited experimental investigations and comprehensive reports concerning jet pump performance under various parameter combinations. In this study, we take a comprehensive approach, integrating both experimental and theoretical methods to assess jet pump performance under optimized process parameters and sand-flushing capabilities. The key findings of this study are as follows: While the characteristic and efficiency equations of jet pumps effectively describe the interaction of critical factors, including the area ratio, pressure ratio, flow rate ratio, and density, they unfortunately do not account for the influence of crucial structural factors, such as the nozzle throat distance, throat length, and diffuser length, on overall performance. Moreover, the parameter optimization technique based on the P-M curve has limitations and requires a tailored design and evaluation to consider the maximum suction capacity in practical engineering contexts. Notably, the nozzle throat distance significantly affects the jet pump suction capacity. Increasing the nozzle throat distance from 6 mm to 12 mm substantially enhances the suction capacity, albeit with a minor reduction in the lifting capacity. Extending the distance from 12 mm to 18 mm initially boosts the suction capacity, followed by a subsequent decline, along with a decrease in the lifting capacity. Interestingly, jet pumps effectively handle sand suction at relatively low pump pressures, creating negative-pressure conditions. As the pump pressure increases, the suction capacity remains relatively stable. However, the lifting capacity increases proportionally with the pump pressure, providing valuable theoretical and technical insights for practical jet pump applications. In summary, our study introduces a comprehensive approach to evaluate jet pumps by integrating experimental and theoretical methods. These insights highlight the intricate relationship between jet pump characteristics and operational parameters, offering essential knowledge for the efficient utilization of jet pumps in various applications.
Thermal Efficiency of Spherical Nanoparticles Al2O3-Cu Dispersion in Ethylene Glycol via the MHD Non-Newtonian Maxwell Fluid Model Past the Stretching Inclined Sheet with Suction Effects in a Porous Space
Authors: Jeelani Mdi Begum , Abbas Amir
Published: September 2023

The flow of nanoparticles has many dynamic applications in solar systems, the thermal sciences, heating and cooling mechanisms, energy-producing sources, and many other disciplines. Following invaluable applications and inspiration, the current study is carried out by focusing on the thermal efficiency of spherical nanoparticles of Al2O3-Cu in ethylene glycol through the non-Newtonian Maxwell fluid flow model. In the current analysis, the inclined stretching sheet equipped with suction effects is embedded in porous media, including the magnetohydrodynamics effects. The mathematical representation of the proposed problem is given a form in terms of partial differential equations. Then, this system is reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity variable formulations. The obtained model is solved with bvp4c solver for the graphical and tabular aspects of the velocity field, the temperature field along with the skin friction coefficient, and the Nusselt number. The main outcomes of the results indicate that fluid velocity increases with increasing values for the angle of inclination, Maxwell fluid parameter, and suction parameter; however, the reverse process is seen for the porous medium parameter and magnetic field parameter. Moreover, the fluid temperature rises for augmenting values of the magnetic field parameter and porous medium parameter, whereas the opposite behavior is seen against the suction parameter. The present results are compared with the published ones and it is concluded that there is excellent agreement between them, which endorses the validity and accuracy of the current study.
Influence of Horizontal Multi-Bedding on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Jiang Minzheng , Wei Yuyang , Li Tingting , Dong Kangxing
Published: September 2023

Artificial fractures can easily occur and propagate in shale reservoir bedding. Their height restricts the volume of fracturing modification. A physical simulation of true triaxial hydraulic fracturing was used to analyze the characteristics of fracture morphology and the fracturing curve, as well as explore the influence of horizontal multi-bedding on the hydraulic fracture propagation of shale reservoirs. The results showed that a weaker bedding strength increased bedding fracture activation and reduced the fracture height. A higher bedding density increased the fracture complexity and reduced the main fracture height. A high injection flow can easily cause morphologically complex multi-bedding fractures. A higher injected fracturing-fluid viscosity increased the layer-penetration ability of the main hydraulic fracture when it expanded and reduced the opening degree of the bedding plane. This study provides technical support for the hydraulic fracturing design of shale reservoirs.
Research on Cone Bucket Detection Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv5s
Authors: Zhuo Jiyue , Li Gang , He Yang
Published: September 2023

In order to address the problems associated with low detection accuracy, weak detection ability of small targets, insufficiently obvious differentiation of colors, and inability to accurately locate the actual position of the target object in the Formula Student Autonomous China, the YOLOv5s algorithm is improved by adding coordinate attention, modifying the color space transformation module, and adding a normalized Gaussian Wasserstein distance module and a monocular camera distance measurement module. Finally, it is experimentally verified that by adding and modifying the above modules, the YOLOv5s algorithm’s precision is improved by 6.9%, recall by 4.4%, and mean average precision by 4.9%; although the detection frame rate decreases, it still meets the requirement. Monocular camera distance measurement has a maximum error of 5.64% within 20 m in the Z-direction and 5.33% in the X-direction.
Spontaneous acute spinal subdural hematoma in patient on oral anticoagulant therapy
Authors: Kocić Svetlana , Aleksić Vuk , Stanić Milenko , Živković Aleksandra , Vojinović Radiša , Popović Igor
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma as a result of coagulation deficit is a very rare and serious condition, with an overall incidence of less than 1%. Symptoms can vary according to the level of the bleed. Prompt recognition of the presence of spinal subdural hematoma is crucial for treatment. MRI is the investigation of choice for diagnosis as well as for planning the surgery. The differential diagnosis includes abscess, lipomatosis, significant discal hernia and tumours. There are no definite guidelines for the management of spinal subdural hematomas. In cases with serious neurological deficits, prompt surgical evacuation may lead to the resolution of symptoms and complete neurological recovery.

Case report: We present a case of a 75-years-old man with bilateral lower limb radiculopathy, paresthesias, and spinal claudications for four days, progressing to bilateral paraplegia with urine incontinency. The patient was diagnosed with cauda equina syndrome due to spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma in the region from Th12 to L2. He was immediately operated and the subdural hematoma was evacuated. Minimal recovery was achieved and the patient was referred for further rehabilitation with severe paraparesis and urine incontinence.

Conclusion: Early diagnosis of spinal subdural hematoma is essential for treatment. Any delay of correct diagnosis can lead to a devastating neurological deficit. Spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma is one of the rare conditions where an emergency MRI is indicated and crucial for diagnosis.
The use of 3d programs in the treatment of glioblastomas - 3d angio window
Authors: Ergün Ahmet Cemil , Demir Fatih , Kaplan Metin
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study is to define pre- and postoperative planning as a new usage area of 3D imaging programs in the follow-up and treatment of glioblastomas. The thin-section MRI images of the cases were used in this study. These images were analyzed with the 3D angio window of the Radiant Dicom Viewer © Program. In the 3D angio window, it was found that the glioblastoma tumour tissue was revealed in 3D, such as the vascular structures, when calvarium and brain tissue were suppressed. In this examination method, the bleeding in the postoperative surgical area is also suppressed, the contrasting residue tissue is fully visible, and can be monitored in 3D.
Troponin and non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Stoica Raluca , Iacob Diana-Gabriela , Iacob Gabriel
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating event, with a mortality of up to 50%. Acute cardiac dysfunction is common after such an event, and it is known to have a negative impact on the outcome of these patients. Cardiac troponin release occurs frequently after SAH and represents an early biomarker for neurogenic cardiac dysfunction.

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of a raised troponin value on the outcome of SAH patients.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study held between 2014-2017 at the University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest. Data on clinical admission status, high-sensitivity troponin I, ECG and echocardiographic evaluation results, ICU length of stay and in-hospital mortality rate. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametrical Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests. The results were considered significant at p<0.05.

Results: A total of 335 consecutive patients with non-traumatic SAH were admitted during the study period. 92 of them were excluded and 243 were analyzed, 203 with aneurysmal SAH and 40 with non-aneurysmal, non-traumatic SAH. High-sensitivity troponin I reached its peak level 48 to 72 hours after SAH and was higher in patients with aneurysmal SAH. For all SAH patients, its median and peak values on days 1 and 2 were correlated with the ICU length of stay and inversely correlated with in-hospital length of stay. For the first 3 days, the median and maximum troponin values are higher in patients who died compared with those who survived and were discharged home (p-value < 0.001). Predictors of an elevated troponin on day 1 are loss of consciousness at ictus, a high Hunt and Hess and Fisher Scale grade, intraventricular haemorrhage and cerebral midline shift.

Conclusions: The release of cardiac troponin is a valuable marker of neurogenic cardiac dysfunction in the first 3 days after SAH. The study replicates other data in the literature and highlights the association between SAH severity, early troponin elevation and in-hospital death.