bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A sentiment analysis approach for travel-related Chinese online review content
Authors: Li Hanyun , Li Wenzao , Zhao Jiacheng , Yu Peizhen , Huang Yao
Published: August 2023

Using technology for sentiment analysis in the travel industry can extract valuable insights from customer reviews. It can assist businesses in gaining a deeper understanding of their consumers’ emotional tendencies and enhance their services’ caliber. However, travel-related online reviews are rife with colloquialisms, sparse feature dimensions, metaphors, and sarcasm. As a result, traditional semantic representations of word vectors are inaccurate, and single neural network models do not take into account multiple associative features. To address the above issues, we introduce a dual-channel algorithm that integrates convolutional neural networks (CNN) and bi-directional long and short-term memory (BiLSTM) with an attention mechanism (DC-CBLA). First, the model utilizes the pre-trained BERT, a transformer-based model, to extract a dynamic vector representation for each word that corresponds to the current contextual representation. This process enhances the accuracy of the vector semantic representation. Then, BiLSTM is used to capture the global contextual sequence features of the travel text, while CNN is used to capture the richer local semantic information. A hybrid feature network combining CNN and BiLSTM can improve the model’s representation ability. Additionally, the BiLSTM output is feature-weighted using the attention mechanism to enhance the learning of its fundamental features and lessen the influence of noise features on the outcomes. Finally, the Softmax function is used to classify the dual-channel fused features. We conducted an experimental evaluation of two data sets: tourist attractions and tourist hotels. The accuracy of the DC-CBLA model is 95.23% and 89.46%, and that of the F1-score is 97.05% and 93.86%, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed DC-CBLA model outperforms other baseline models.
Understanding mental fatigue and its detection: a comparative analysis of assessments and tools
Authors: Kunasegaran Kaveena , Ismail Ahamed Miflah Hussain , Ramasamy Shamala , Gnanou Justin Vijay , Caszo Brinnell Annette , Chen Po Ling
Published: August 2023

Mental fatigue has shown to be one of the root causes of decreased productivity and overall cognitive performance, by decreasing an individual’s ability to inhibit responses, process information and concentrate. The effects of mental fatigue have led to occupational errors and motorway accidents. Early detection of mental fatigue can prevent the escalation of symptoms that may lead to chronic fatigue syndrome and other disorders. To date, in clinical settings, the assessment of mental fatigue and stress is done through self-reported questionnaires. The validity of these questionnaires is questionable, as they are highly subjective measurement tools and are not immune to response biases. This review examines the wider presence of mental fatigue in the general population and critically compares its various detection techniques (i.e., self-reporting questionnaires, heart rate variability, salivary cortisol levels, electroencephalogram, and saccadic eye movements). The ability of these detection tools to assess inhibition responses (which are sensitive enough to be manifested in a fatigue state) is specifically evaluated for a reliable marker in identifying mentally fatigued individuals. In laboratory settings, antisaccade tasks have been long used to assess inhibitory control and this technique can potentially serve as the most promising assessment tool to objectively detect mental fatigue. However, more studies need to be conducted in the future to validate and correlate this assessment with other existing measures of mental fatigue detection. This review is intended for, but not limited to, mental health professionals, digital health scientists, vision researchers, and behavioral scientists.
Actos de investigación y procesales durante la suspensión del procedimiento para la imposición de medidas de seguridad
Authors: Rodríguez Vega Manuel
Published: August 2023

El presente trabajo revisa una de las diversas dificultades de aplicación del procedimiento de medidas de seguridad seguido contra el enajenado mental, originada en los vacíos y contradicciones propios de una regulación singularmente lacónica y fragmentaria, que no encaja de manera armónica en el procedimiento ordinario que le sirve de marco normativo supletorio. Nos ocuparemos aquí de los alcances de la suspensión del procedimiento decretada en conformidad con el artículo 458 del Código Procesal Penal, para examinar si dicha suspensión impide u obstaculiza la realización de actos de investigación por parte del Ministerio Público y las policías, la formalización de la investigación y la imposición de medidas cautelares, en particular de la internación provisional. En el estudio de estos asuntos se consulta la escasa doctrina nacional que se ha preocupado de esto, y diversos pronunciamientos de nuestros tribunales, sobre todo de la Corte Suprema, para concluir que la señalada suspensión, salvo algunas excepciones, no obsta dichas actuaciones y resoluciones, y que incluso la omisión o postergación de algunas de ellas puede ir en perjuicio del imputado.
Determinantes socioeconômicos do trabalho infantil: uma análise logit multinomial para a região Sul do Brasil
Authors: De Souza Gabriela Beatriz , Rocha Luiz Eduardo de Vasconcelos
Published: August 2023

O trabalho infantil vem sendo reduzido em todas as partes no mundo, porém, mesmo em menor número ele ainda está presente na sociedade, esse fato se deve à sua difícil compreensão, pois são muitas as variáveis explicativas para tal fenômeno. Levando-se em consideração que o tempo entre estudo e trabalho das crianças é uma decisão conjunta da família, foram utilizadas quatro categorias explicativas para a alocação do tempo das crianças e adolescentes. Foram levadas em conta aspectos territoriais, como a situação do domicílio, em urbano ou rural. As características dos rendimentos predominantes nos domicílios também foram consideradas, em domicílio agrícola, não agrícola, pluriativo ou não economicamente ativo. A região sul do país foi escolhida como foco da pesquisa por possuir 3 dos 4 estados com maiores percentuais de trabalho infantil no país, apesar dos altos índices de desenvolvimento, em comparação com as demais regiões. Finalmente, foi possível notar que crianças do sexo masculino, não brancas, membros de famílias mais numerosas e chefiadas por mulheres, pertencentes a zona rural e cidades rurais, estão mais sujeitas a exercerem algum tipo de trabalho precocemente.
Big data and management of municipal solid waste
Authors: Da Silva Andrea Diniz , Hypólito Elizabeth Belo , De Oliveira Fábio Lucas Pimentel , Borges Calvin Macedo Ribeiro , Gregório Dimitrio dos Santos , De Oliveira Fernanda Castilho Gomes , Ferreira Laira Zopellaro Machado Miranda
Published: August 2023

In Brazil, the collection and management of urban solid waste is the responsibility of municipal governments. In most cases this is done on an informational basis considering population numbers to allocate resources for this purpose. Without having data capable of capturing socioeconomic transformations and/or changes in patterns of land use and occupation occurring in intercensal periods, the dimensioning of service provision is compromised. Thus, unwanted impacts can be caused, such as the irregular disposal of solid waste, affecting the quality of life of the population. The use of alternative data sources, especially big data, has enormous potential to complement data from administrative records and surveys, in addition to filling information gaps generated by disconnection of data with reality as the period since the census reference date lengthens. In this article, procedures and results of the use of big data are presented, more precisely satellite images, as an information alternative capable of better reflecting collective demands for services such as collection of municipal solid waste, and therefore of better guiding the decision-making process at the municipal level.
Review of Ancient Mesopotamia Speaks: Highlights from the Yale Babylonian Collection
Authors: Beckman Gary
Published: August 2023

Ancient Mesopotamia Speaks: Highlights from the Yale Babylonian Collection. Edited by Agnete W. Lassen, Eckart Frahm, and Klaus Wagensonner. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2019. Pp. xiii + 306. $35 (paper).
Review of Afterlives of Ancient Rock-cut Monuments in the Near East: Carvings in and out of Time
Authors: Bilgin Tayfun
Published: August 2023

Afterlives of Ancient Rock-cut Monuments in the Near East: Carvings in and out of Time. Edited by Jonathan Ben-Dov and Felipe Rojas  Culture & History of the Ancient Near East, vol. 123. Leiden: Brill, 2021. Pp. xxiii + 441. $190.
Determinants of Participation of Members in Farmer Producer Organization in Madurai District
Authors: Yogitha P. , Anjugam M. , Amarnath J. S. , Rani S. Padma , Sivasankari B.
Published: August 2023

Aims: The study aimed to identify the factors influencing the participation of members in FPO.

Study Design: The study has utilized random sampling method to identify sample districts, sample blocks, sample villages and sample respondents for interview.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Madurai district of Tamil Nadu in the month of May 2023.

Methodology: Primary data was used in the study. Logit regression model was used to identify the factors influencing the participation of members in FPO. A well-structured interview schedule was used to collect data from the sample respondents. A sample of 60 members and 60 non-members of FPO were chosen at random and relevant data were collected.

Results: The estimates of the logit regression function revealed that family size, annual income, landholding, distance to market, extension service, marketing facilities and input availability were found to be the major factors influencing the participation of members in FPO and found significant. Of these variables, family size, annual income, distance to market, extension service, marketing facilities storage facilities and input availability were positively influencing the probability of participation of members in FPO programme. However, farm size was negatively influencing the probability of participation of members in FPO.

Conclusion: Based on the analysis, it is evident that the variables such as family size, annual income, distance to market, extension service, marketing facilities and storage facilities were found significant and positively influencing the probability of participation of sample respondents in FPO programme. However, the variable namely farm size was found to be significant but negatively influencing the probability of participation of sample respondents in FPO programme. It is also evident that the probability of participation of small and marginal farmers in FPO is found high. It is concluded that provision of services by FPOs such as training and capacity building programme, marketing facility, supply of inputs, transport arrangements to the farmer may increase their participation in FPO.
Effect of Inorganic Fertilizer and Organic Foliar Spray on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Linseed
Authors: Kotadiya R. H. , Ardeshna R. B. , Patel D. J. , Kachhiyapatel K. A. , Birla Devilal
Published: August 2023

Aims: To evaluate the effect of fertilizer and organic foliar spray on growth, yield attributes and yield of linseed.

Study Design: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications.

Place and Duration of Study:  A field experiment was carried out at College Farm, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari during rabi season of 2019-20.

Methodology: The study comprised of nine different treatments viz., T1(50% RDF),T2 (50% RDF + Foliar spray of 1% vermiwash at 30 and 60 DAS), T3 (50% RDF + Foliar spray of 1% banana pseudostem sap at 30 and 60 DAS), T4(75% RDF), T5 (75% RDF + Foliar spray of 1% vermiwash at 30 and 60 DAS), T6 (75% RDF + Foliar spray of 1% banana pseudostem sap at 30 and 60 DAS), T7(100% RDF),T8 (100% RDF + Foliar spray of 1% vermiwash at 30 and 60 DAS) and T9(100% RDF + Foliar spray of 1% banana pseudostem sap at 30 and 60 DAS).

Results: From the results, it was observed that an application of 100% RDF + Foliar spray of 1% banana pseudostem sap at 30 and 60 DAS (T9) resulted in significantly higher values of plant height (63.37 cm at 90 DAS), number of branches plant-1 (6.94 at 90 DAS), number of capsules plant-1 (51.85), number of seeds capsules-1 (8.95) and seed weight plant-1 (1.89). Significantly higher seed yield (1157 kg ha-1) and stover yield (2051 kg ha-1) of linseed were observed with the application of 100% RDF + Foliar spray of 1% banana pseudostem sap at 30 and 60 DAS (T9).

Conclusion: It can be concluded that, application of 100% RDF (60-30-00 N- P2O5-K2O kg ha-1) + Foliar spray of 1% banana pseudostem sap or vermiwash at 30 and 60 DAS was found to be the most viable option for getting higher growth and yield in linseed.
Crop Diversification Assessment in Tank Ayacut Areas of Lower Palar Sub-Basin of Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India Using Geo-Spatial Techniques
Authors: Vairavamani M. , Muthumanickam D. , Pazhanivelan S. , Kumaraperumal R. , Ragunath K. P.
Published: August 2023

For the assessment of crop diversification in the major tank Ayacut area of the Lower Palar sub-basin in Chengalpattu district of Tamil Nadu, research works were carried out using Sentinel 2 optical data by relating with ground truth data, to identify the crops in pixel-based classification and further classified the crops using Random Forest machine learning algorithms. The total area estimated under crop classification was 15767.97 and 28818.17 ha respectively for the summer seasons of 2018 and 2021. Since, the summer season experiences high crop diversification. The water spread area and water volume of tanks estimated were 612.31 and 1177.89 ha and 6,39,248 and 14,06,056 m3 respectively for 2018 and 2021. The accuracy assessment of ground truth points by confusion matrix reveals an overall classification accuracy of 96.8% (2018) and 94.9 % (2021) with kappa scores of 0.96 and 0.94 respectively. The crop diversification assessments were estimated using the Simpson Index of Diversity and values of 0.63 and 0.68 were accounted for in 2018 and 2021 respectively. The diversified pattern of crops is significantly correlated with tank water availability which increased the cropping area in 2021 as confirmed by the Crop Diversification factor.
Enumeration of Cyclic Codes Over GF(23)
Authors: Simatwo Kimtai Boaz , Mati Runji Flora , Karieko Obogi Robert
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we investigate the number of irreducible polynomials of \(\small\langle\)\(\mathit{x}\)\(\mathit{n}\) -1\(\small\rangle\) over GF(23). First, We factorize \(\small\langle\)\(\mathit{x}\)\(\mathit{n}\) -1\(\small\rangle\) into irreducible polynomials over GF(23) using the cyclotomic cosets of 23 modulo \(\mathit{n}\). The number of irreducible polynomial factors of \(\small\langle\)\(\mathit{x}\)\(\mathit{n}\) -1\(\small\rangle\) over GF(23) is equal to the number of cyclotomic cosets of 23 modulo n and each monic divisor of \(\small\langle\)\(\mathit{x}\)\(\mathit{n}\) -1\(\small\rangle\) is a generator polynomial of cyclic codes in GF(23). Succeedingly, we confirm that the number of cyclic codes of length \(\mathit{n}\) over \(\mathit{a}\) finite field GF(23) is equivalent to the number of polynomials that divide \(\small\langle\)\(\mathit{x}\)\(\mathit{n}\) -1\(\small\rangle\).
In conclusion, we enumerate the number of cyclic codes of length n for l \(\le\) \(\mathit{n}\) < 24 and as \(\mathit{n}\) = 23\(\mathit{k}\)  for l \(\leqslant\) \(\mathit{k}\) < 24
Role of Socio-Cultural Activities of Tribal People in Tourism Development in Arunachal Pradesh, with Special Reference to Local Festivals
Authors: Tripathy Biplab , Raha Subhechya
Published: August 2023

Cultural diversity is an asset for a nation. Diverse culture can bring an array of beautiful tradition and socio-cultural activities which becomes a point of attraction for people who comes to travel and explore. India is a country of diversity and North East India is known for its diversity of myriad tribes. Arunachal Pradesh homes 26 type of major tribe and many more sub tribes. Thus obviously Arunachal Pradesh is abundant with cultural asset. Each tribe has their own distinct socio-cultural activities that make them special. Tribal tourism is an important part of sustainable tourism, where the tourists involve in responsible tourism activities. The tribal culture of Arunachal Pradesh had been a tourist attractor since the year the state opened itself for tourism. Along with scenic beauty, tribal lifestyle had been a curious attraction for people who love to explore culture. And what can be a major display of culture other than the festivals.  Tribal festival attracts a lot of tourist from all over the place for their beautiful projection of cultural heritage. Tribal local festivals of Arunachal Pradesh hold a great potentiality of tourism industry throughout the year.
Whole‐genome sequencing of cell‐free DNA reveals DNA of tumor origin in plasma from patients with colorectal adenomas
Authors: Frydendahl Amanda , Widman Adam J. , Øgaard Nadia , Arora Anushri , Halmos Daniel , Nors Jesper , Ahrenfeldt Johanne , Henriksen Tenna V. , Demuth Christina , Raaby Line , Rasmussen Mads H. , Therkildsen Christina , Landau Dan A. , Andersen Claus L.
Published: January 2025

The presence of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients with colorectal adenomas remains uncertain. Studies using tumor‐agnostic approaches report ctDNA in 10–15% of patients, though with uncertainty as to whether the signal originates from the adenoma. To obtain an accurate estimate of the proportion of patients with ctDNA, a sensitive tumor‐informed strategy is preferred, as it ensures the detected signal originates from the adenoma. Here, tumor‐informed whole‐genome sequencing‐based ctDNA analysis (MRD‐EDGESNV) was applied to two independent cohorts. Cohort 1, comprising 93 patients with stage III colorectal cancer (CRC) and 40 healthy individuals, was used to establish the signal threshold at 95% specificity. This threshold was then applied to Cohort 2, consisting of 22 patients with symptomatic and 20 with asymptomatic adenomas. In stage III, MRD‐EDGESNV had an area under the curve of 0.98. ctDNA was detected in 50% and 25% of patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic adenomas, respectively. The median adenoma plasma tumor fraction was 5.9 × 10−5. These finding not only demonstrate the feasibility of ctDNA detection in patients with colorectal adenomas, but also provides an estimate of the necessary sensitivity required to detect these lesions, paving the way for future ctDNA‐based screening strategies.
Physician Views and Attitudes Regarding Tobacco‐Cessation Strategies for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Lopez‐Olivo Maria A. , Kachira Johncy J. , Madramootoo Sheneze , Michaud Kaleb , Schumacher Rebecca , Cinciripini Paul , Suarez‐Almazor Maria E.
Published: January 2025

Objective

In this study, we explored physicians’ level of experience with patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who used tobacco, their views on the effects of tobacco use on the efficacy of RA treatments, and their experiences and attitudes with respect to tobacco‐cessation programs.

Methods

We conducted qualitative, semistructured interviews of 20 physicians (10 primary care physicians [PCPs] and 10 rheumatologists).

Results

The physicians had been in clinical practice for a mean of 9.9 years. Research themes included (1) risk perception of smoking, (2) cessation aids used, (3) preferences to deliver cessation programs, and (4) barriers and facilitators for tobacco cessation. For the first theme, many PCPs did not perceive smoking as influencing RA disease activity. For the second theme, most physicians supported the use of nicotine‐replacement therapy and agreed that cessation‐drug therapy (eg, varenicline, bupropion) worked better than nicotine‐replacement therapy or other cessation strategies, especially in patients with failed cessation attempts. For the third theme, some physicians recommended that patients join the Quitline cessation program and enroll in peer support communities; others found educational programs informing patients about the benefits of quitting and tailored with messages according to patients’ specific clinical characteristics to be useful. For the fourth theme, PCPs and rheumatologists reported similar barriers to offering smoking‐cessation programs (eg, lack of time, training in tobacco cessation, and financial motivation).

Conclusion

Physicians agreed with the need for tailored, multifaceted interventions to support tobacco cessation in patients with RA. However, many perceived major barriers to helping their patients quit, some of which could be overcome by training.
Glucocorticoids Alter Bone Microvascular Barrier via MAPK/Connexin43 Mechanisms
Authors: Lee Eun‐Jin , Lialios Peter , Curtis Micaila , Williams James , Kim Yoontae , Salipante Paul , Hudson Steven , Esch Mandy B. , Levi Moshe , Kitlinska Joanna , Alimperti Stella
Published: January 2025

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are standard‐of‐care treatments for inflammatory and immune disorders, and their long‐term use increases the risk of osteoporosis. Although GCs decrease bone functionality, their role in bone microvasculature is incompletely understood. Herein, the study investigates the mechanisms of bone microvascular barrier function via osteoblast‐endothelial interactions in response to GCs. The animal data shows that prednisolone (Psl) downregulated the osteoblast function and microvessel number and size. To investigate the role of GCs in bone endothelial barrier function further, a bicellular microfluidic in vitro system is developed and utilized, which consists of three‐dimensional (3D) perfusable microvascular structures embedded in collagen I/osteoblast matrix. Interestingly, it is demonstrated that GCs significantly inhibit osteogenesis and microvascular barrier function by interfering with endothelial‐osteoblast interactions. This effect is triggered by MAPK‐induced phosphorylation of connexin43 (Cx43) at Ser282. Collectively, this study sheds light on microvascular function in bone disorders, as osteoporosis, and permits to capture dynamic changes in endothelial‐bone interactions under GCs by dissecting the MAPK/Cx43 mechanism and proposing this as a potential target for bone diseases.
Oriented Molecular Dipole‐Enabled Modulation of NiOx/Perovskite Interface for Pb‐Sn Mixed Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Weihai , Liu Heng , Huang Tengcheng , Kang Lirui , Ge Junhan , Li Hui , Zhou Xia , Zhang Wenjun , Shi Tingting , Wang Hsing‐Lin
Published: January 2025

Nickel oxide (NiOx) is considered as a potential hole transport material in the fabrication of lead‐tin (Pb‐Sn) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for tandem applications. However, the energy level mismatch and unfavorable redox reactions between Ni≥3+ species and Sn2+ at the NiOx/perovskite interface pose challenges. Herein, high‐performance Pb‐Sn‐based inorganic PSCs are demonstrated by modulating the NiOx/perovskite interface with a multifunctional 4‐aminobenzenesulfonic acid (4‐ABSA) interlayer. The 4‐ABSA interlayer induces the formation of an oriented dipole moment directed from NiOx to perovskite, effectively elevating the valance band maximum of the NiOx film, thus balancing the energy level difference and promoting charge carrier extraction of the device. Moreover, the 4‐ABSA molecules interact with both NiOx and perovskite, suppressing the reaction of highly active Ni≥3+ species with perovskites while regulating perovskite crystallization. This results in perovskite films with reduced defect density and enlarged grains. Consequently, a remarkable device efficiency of 17.4% is obtained, representing the highest reported value for Pb‐Sn‐based inorganic PSCs thus far. Furthermore, the 4‐ABSA interlayer enhances the UV‐radiation and operational stability of the resulting devices, maintaining over 80% and 90% of the initial efficiency after 240 h of UV‐light exposure and 480 h of 1 sun illumination, respectively.
Minute‐Level Room‐Temperature Switching and Long Cycle Stability of Thermochromic Inorganic Perovskite Smart Windows
Authors: Jin Jinlong , Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Jiyue , Chen Xiaowei , Zou Shengwen , Xin Yi , Liu Sihao , Liu Guangxin , Yan Xiaojun , Huang Jianmei
Published: January 2025

Perovskite smart windows (PSWs) are widely investigated owing to excellent thermochromic properties, while restricted by poor transition performance and cycle stability. Herein, dimethyl sulfoxide vapor is utilized as an induction reagent for rapid reversible switching at room temperature between the colored and bleached phases. To obtain PSWs with different optical properties and transition performance, red CsPbIBr2, yellow Rb0.5Cs0.5PbIBr2 and brown CsSn0.1Pb0.9IBr2 are prepared through alloying. The perovskites can exhibit reversible switching at 27.4–34.3 °C within 1.9–5.1 min. Even after 100 cycles, they exhibit remarkable stability of luminous transmittance (retention ≥97.4%) and transition time (retention ≥97.6%). Experimental characterization proves that the reversible switching occurs between colored three‐dimension perovskite phase and bleached zero‐dimension perovskite phase. In the field test (air temperature = 21.6–26.5 °C), model houses with PSWs exhibit a maximum indoor temperature drop of 4.2 °C. Furthermore, they exhibit considerable temperature modulation ability up to 7.9 °C under a solar simulator (temperature of the control model house = 60 °C). The decrease in the luminous transmittance of the PSWs after 20 days is 2.9%, indicating excellent long‐term stability. This study offers PSWs with prominent transition performance and long cycle stability.
Full Disappearance of PC3‐Luc Prostate Tumors Mediated by Hyperthermia Under Low Intensity Ultrasound Application in the Presence of Magnetosomes
Authors: El Hedjaj Cynthia , Barret Eric , Chebbi Imène , Le Fèvre Raphaël , Maake Caroline , Guscetti Franco , Guyot François , Aubry Jean‐Francois , Seksek Olivier , Alphandéry Edouard
Published: January 2025

Iron oxide nanoparticles have been proposed for magnetic hyperthermia treatment of tumors. However, efficacy depends on the injection of large amounts of such nanoparticles and the equipment is costly. Here, a new thermal cancer treatment is described, in which a tumor containing a low concentration of nonpyrogenic pure iron oxide nanominerals coated with carboxy‐methyl‐dextran (M‐CMD), corresponding to modified magnetosomes, are exposed to ultrasound. Heating PC3 prostate carcinoma cells between 43 and 46°C using ultrasound in the presence of M‐CMD resulted in significant necrotic cell death. Furthermore, deposition of M‐CMD containing 3 µg of iron per mm3 of tumor in subcutaneous xenografts of PC3‐Luc tumors of 150 mm3 followed by 6 to 10 sessions of ultrasound application (1 W cm−2, 1 MHz) of 10 min each led to a tumor temperature of 43–46°C per session and to total tumor disappearance without regrowth over 6 months following treatment start. Sequential histological analyses of the tumor tissues revealed partial tumor occupation by M‐CMD and an increase in cell death over time. Neither lesions, nor magnetosome accumulation were found in microscopic sections of various internal organs collected from treated mice euthanized 6 months after the beginning of the treatment, indicating that M‐CMD may not lead to long‐term side effects.
Disease‐Adaptive Drug Delivery to the Inflamed Intestinal Mucosa Using Poly(Lactic‐Co‐Glycolic Acid)‐cyclodextrin Hybrid Nanocarriers
Authors: Schreiner Jonas , Brettner Felix E. B. , Steigert Sebastian , Haessler Annika , Mols Raf , Gier Stefanie , Jung Nathalie , Vogel‐Kindgen Sarah , Muschert Susanne , Augustijns Patrick , Windbergs Maike
Published: January 2025

Fluctuating severity of symptoms is a common hallmark of many inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Addressing the pH changes during active and resting phases in IBD‐affected tissue, a disease‐adaptive nanocarrier system is designed for oral administration, enabling pH‐dependent local drug release. The hybrid carrier combines poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) and an amphiphilic cyclodextrin derivative, with physicochemical properties and drug release kinetics controlled by adjusting polymer ratios. The systems exhibited baseline drug release at pH 5 with increased rates at pH 2, which is characteristic of actively inflamed IBD tissue. Assessing the impact of biomolecule adhesion, biocorona formation was studied using ex vivo human intestinal fluids. Corona composition highly depended on the patient's prandial state and the nanocarrier matrix, with proteins predominating in the fasted state and lipids in the fed state. Notably, differences in the attachment of proteins and free fatty acids are detected in the latter. Transport studies using human in vitro models of the inflamed intestine revealed mucosal accumulation, facilitating localized drug delivery and effectively reducing cytokine levels to basal concentrations. This hybrid system highlights the potential of disease‐adaptive drug release for inflammatory disease treatment and underscores the impact of biocorona formation on therapeutic performance in the gastrointestinal tract.
A Comprehensive Insight into the Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Therapeutic Potential of Digitalis purpurea L.
Authors: Karakoti Himani , Kumar Ravendra , Bargali Pooja , Mahawer Sonu Kumar , Rout Srutee , Mali Suraj N. , Santana de Oliveira Mozaniel
Published: January 2025

Digitalis purpurea L., commonly referred to as foxglove, is a biennial herbaceous plant indigenous to Western and Central Europe and has become widely established in temperate areas across the globe. Renowned for its vibrant bell‐shaped flowers, D. purpurea has a long‐standing history of medicinal use, particularly for treating cardiovascular issues. The plant is abundant in secondary metabolites, such as cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids, which contribute to its significant pharmacological effects. Among these, the cardiac glycosides digoxin and digitoxin are notable active compounds extensively used in managing conditions like congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation. In addition to its cardiotonic properties, D. purpurea is recognized for its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotective, and antimicrobial effects, generating increasing interest in contemporary medicine. This review examines the mechanisms through which these bioactive compounds operate, addresses safety considerations and potential toxicities related to D. purpurea use, and highlights current research trends. By emphasizing the necessity for careful administration and monitoring due to its narrow therapeutic window, this paper aims to underscore the therapeutic potential and future opportunities for D. purpurea in treating various diseases.
pH‐responsive Polyglycerol‐Nanogele zur Behandlung von Parodontitis durch antibakterielle und pro‐angiogenetische Wirkung
Authors: Ma Guoxin , Xu Ke , Yu Leixiao , Haag Rainer
Published: January 2025

Parodontitis ist eine entzündliche Erkrankung, die durch Mikroben ausgelöst wird und zu Knochenabbau sowie Gewebeschäden führt. In dem vorliegenden Artikel stellen wir einen Nanogel (NG)‐basierten Komplex vor, der zwei Funktion vereint: Er enthält den antimikrobiellen Wirkstoff Triclosan (TCS) und das pro‐angiogenetische Medikament Deferoxamin (DFO), um mikrobielle Erreger zu bekämpfen und die Geweberegeneration zu fördern. Das Nanogel (NG‐TCS‐DFO), das ausgehend von linearem Polyglycerin hergestellt wurde, weist eine wohldefinierte sphärische Morphologie auf und hat eine positiv geladene Oberfläche, die die Anhaftung von Bakterien begünstigt. Die schnelle und anhaltende Zersetzung des NG‐TCS‐DFO‐Komplexes in der sauren Umgebung eines Infektionsherdes bewirkt die gezielte Freisetzung von TCS und DFO. Das NG‐TCS‐DFO zeigt eine ausgeprägte Wirksamkeit bei der Eliminierung, der für Gingivitis verantwortlichen Bakterien Porphyromonas gingivalis, sowohl in planktonischer Form (99,9 %) als auch im Biofilm (99 %). Darüber hinaus fördert NG‐TCS‐DFO die Bildung von Blutgefäßen und die Migration von humanen Umbilikalvenen‐Endothelzellen (HUVECs). Durch die synergistische Wirkung von TCS und DFO zeigt der NG‐TCS‐DFO‐Komplex eine signifikante Regeneration des Knochengewebes und beschleunigt die Heilung von Parodontitis im Tiermodell. Dieses auf Polyglycerin basierende Nanogel bietet somit eine effiziente Kombinationstherapie zur Bekämpfung bakterienbedingter Erkrankungen.
Enzyme‐Inspired Single Selenium Site for Selective Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zhang Peng‐Yang , Xu Xia , Yu Wen‐Song , Duan Zhi‐Yao , Huang Huan , Wang Tao , Fu Gang , Zhou Zhi‐You , Wang Yu‐Cheng , Sun Shi‐Gang
Published: January 2025

Learning from nature has garnered significant attention in the scientific community for its potential to inspire creative solutions in material or catalyst design. The study highlights the design of a biomimetic single selenium (Se) site‐modified carbon (C) moiety that retains the unique reactivity of selenoenzyme with peroxides, which plays crucial roles in selectively catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The as‐designed Se−C demonstrates nearly 100 % 4‐electron selectivity, evidenced by 0.039 % of H2O2 yield at 0.5 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, outperforming commercial platinum (Pt) by 65 times. In situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and theoretical calculations attribute this exceptional selectivity to the enzyme‐like behaviors of the Se site to steal an O atom from peroxide intermediates. The second achievement is the significantly increased consecutive 2+2 electron selectivity. Benefiting from the enzyme‐like H2O2 reduction activity with a higher onset potential of 0.915 V compared to Pt at 0.875 V, the Se−C as a secondary catalytic site reduced the H2O2 yields of the Co−N−C, Fe−N−C, and N−C catalysts by 96 %, 67 %, and 98 %, respectively, via a consecutive 2+2 electron pathway. This also leads to more stable catalysts via protecting the active sites from oxidative attacks. This work establishes new pathways for precise tuning of reaction selectivity in ORR and beyond.
Hierarchical Interface Enabled by a Guest‐Anionic Chemistry for High‐Rate Aqueous Zinc‐ion Batteries
Authors: Qu Guangmeng , Zhao Yongzheng , Li Chuanlin , Zhai Yanjun , Kong Yueyue , He Xiyu , Kong Lingtong , Wang Chang , Chen Ming , Song Kepeng , Liu Zhuoxin , Xu Liqiang
Published: January 2025

The poor reversibility of the zinc anode caused by interfacial side reactions and dendritic growth poses significant constraints on the practical application of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. Herein, a co‐solute, acesulfame potassium, with strongly polar, zincophilic guest anions is introduced into a conventional low‐concentration aqueous electrolyte. This regulation enhances the electrolyte's ionic conductivity and accelerates the desolvation process of zinc ions at the electrode/electrolyte interface.Furthermore, the introduced acesulfame anions give rise to the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interface with a hierarchical crystalline‐amorphous bilayer structure that effectively suppresses side reactions and allows for uniform zinc ion diffusion‐deposition. Results show that the zinc anode in the designed electrolyte possesses remarkable reversibility, achieving stable operation under a ultrahigh current density of 40 mA cm‐2 and 67.6 % depth of discharge, surpassing most previous reports. Zn//I2 full cells assembled with this electrolyte exhibit high rate capability (135.0 mAh g‐1 at 20 A g‐1) and remarkable lifespan (96.3% capacity retention after 40,000 cycles at 10 A g‐1). A large‐sized Zn//I2 pouch cell is also demonstrated, delivering a total capacity of 170 mAh with 78.8% capacity retention after 600 cycles at 3.3 mA cm‐2, highlighting the potential of the guest‐anionic chemistry in practical applications.
Harnessing Adsorbate‐Adsorbate Interaction to Activate C−N Bond for Exceptional Photoelectrochemical Urea Oxidation
Authors: Dang Kun , Wu Lei , Liu Siqin , Zhao Shenlong , Zhang Yuchao , Zhao Jincai
Published: January 2025

The photoelectrochemical (PEC) urea oxidation reaction (UOR) presents a promising half‐reaction for green hydrogen production, but the stable resonance structure of the urea molecule results in sluggish kinetics for breaking the C−N bond. Herein, we realize the record PEC UOR performance on a NiO‐modified n‐Si photoanode (NiO@Ni/n‐Si) by harnessing the adsorbate‐adsorbate interaction. We quantificationally unveil a dependence of the UOR activation barrier on the coverage of photogenerated surface high‐valent Ni‐oxo species (NiIV=O) by employing operando PEC spectroscopic measurements and theoretical simulations. The strong attraction between NiIV=O and adsorbed urea facilitates their N−O coupling while weakening the C−N bonding within urea, manifesting as the decreased UOR activation energy from 0.74 to 0.41 eV when the surface coverage of NiIV=O is enhanced from zero to full, corresponding to more than two orders of magnitude enhancement for the UOR rate. Furthermore, an industrial‐grade photocurrent density of 100 mA cm−2 is achieved at a potential as low as 1.08 VRHE by stimulating the NiIV=O accumulation under 10 Suns, which is 300 mV lower than the potential required for most reported electrochemical counterparts. This work opens new prospects for achieving high‐performance PEC urea oxidation via adsorbate‐adsorbate interaction.
Dual Active Site Covalent Organic Framework Anode Enables Stable Aqueous Proton Batteries
Authors: Zhao Qi , Ni Youxuan , Lu Yong , Xie Weiwei , Li Haixia , Yan Zhenhua , Zhang Kai , Li Yixin , Chen Jun
Published: January 2025

Aqueous proton batteries (APBs) have attracted increasing interest owing to their potential for grid‐scale energy storage with extraordinary sustainability and excellent rate abilities. However, there are limited anode materials and it remains a great challenge to effectively balance capacity and cycling performance. Here, we report a covalent organic framework containing C=O and C=N dual active sites (TABQ‐COF) as a high‐capacity and long‐cycle anode for proton batteries. The proton storage ability of the dual active sites and the up to nine proton redox chemistry mechanisms for each repetitive unit have been demonstrated by experiments and density functional theory calculations. The insoluble TABQ‐COF electrode displayed a remarkably high specific capacity of 401 mAh g−1, outstanding cycling stability (100 % capacity retention after 7500 cycles) and high rate performance (90 mAh g−1 at 50 A g−1). When coupling with a MnO2 cathode, the constructed TABQ‐COF//MnO2 battery achieves a reversible capacity of 247 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1, with a remarkable capacity retention of 100 % over 10000 cycles. Furthermore, the TABQ‐COF//MnO2 battery can operate well and shows high capacity and cycle stability in a frozen electrolyte at −40°C, implying great potential for energy storage at extreme temperatures.
Distinkte Valenzzustände des [4Fe4S]‐Clusters in der Hydrogenase CrHydA1
Authors: Heghmanns Melanie , Yadav Shalini , Boschmann Sergius , Selve Victor R. , Veliju Astrit , Brocks Claudia , Happe Thomas , Pantazis Dimitrios A. , Kasanmascheff Müge
Published: January 2025

Eisen‐Schwefel‐Cluster spielen eine entscheidende Rolle im Elektronentransport vieler essentieller Enzyme, einschließlich der [FeFe]‐Hydrogenasen. Diese Studie konzentriert sich auf den [4Fe4S]‐Cluster ([4Fe]H) der minimalen [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase aus Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrHydA1), welcher mittels moderner Spektroskopiemethoden, gezielter Mutagenese, Molekulardynamik‐Simulationen und QM/MM‐Berechnungen untersucht wurde. Wir geben Einblick in die komplexe elektronische Struktur von [4Fe]H und seine Rolle in der Katalyse von CrHydA1, welche als ein Modell für das Verständnis von [FeFe]‐Hydrogenasen dient. Es wurden mindestens zwei verschiedene Zustände innerhalb der Apo‐Form von CrHydA1 identifiziert, die als 4Fe−R und 4Fe−A bezeichnet werden, mit individuellen Redoxpotentialen und pH‐Abhängigkeiten. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass diese Spezies durch ein komplexes Zusammenspiel von struktureller Heterogenität und Umlagerungen von Valenzisomeren entstehen, die durch die Residuen der zweiten Koordinationssphäre beeinflusst werden. Wir vermuten, dass das Gleichgewicht zwischen 4Fe−R und 4Fe−A die Kontrolle des Elektronentransfers in Abwesenheit akzessorischer FeS‐Cluster ermöglicht, die typischerweise in anderen [FeFe]‐Hydrogenasen vorkommen. Die in dieser Studie gewonnenen Erkenntnisse verbessern nicht nur unser Verständnis von [FeFe]‐Hydrogenasen, sondern bilden auch eine wichtige Grundlage für zukünftige Untersuchungen zur Analyse anderer FeS‐Cluster in verschiedenen biologischen Systemen.
Regulating Water Molecules via Bioinspired Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhang Sida , Chen Jiashu , Chen Weigen , Su Yiwen , Gou Qianzhi , Yuan Ruduan , Wang Ziyi , Wang Kaixin , Zhang Wentao , Hu Xiqian , Zhang Zhixian , Wang Pinyi , Wan Fu , Liu Jie , Li Beibei , Wang Yifei , Zheng Guangping , Li Meng , Sun Jingyu
Published: January 2025

The Zn metal anode in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) faces daunting challenges including undesired water‐induced parasitic reactions and sluggish ion migration kinetics. Herein, we develop three‐dimensional covalent organic framework (COF) membranes with bioinspired ion channels toward stabilized Zn anodes. These COFs, featured by zincophilic pyridine‐N sites, enable effective regulation of water molecules at the anode‐electrolyte interphase. Systematic experimental analysis and theoretical simulations reveal the optimized COF‐320N membrane functions as ion pumps, accordingly facilitating Zn2+ transport and inhibiting direct contact between Zn anode and free water molecules. Consequently, the bio‐inspired strategy achieves improved Zn2+ transference number (0.61), rapid de‐solvation kinetics, and suppressed hydrogen evolution. The assembled Zn||MnO2 pouch cell integrated with COF‐320N membrane exhibits favorable electrochemical performances. Such a bioinspired concept for optimizing Zn anodes opens new pathways in developing advanced energy storage devices.
Superconjugated Anthraquinone Carbonyl‐Based Covalent Organic Framework as Anode Material for High‐Performance Aqueous Ammonium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Jiahui , Guo Keyan , Guo Wen , Chang Jiaqi , Li Yongsheng , Bao Fuxi
Published: January 2025

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently been emerged as promising anode candidates for aqueous ammonium ion batteries (AAIBs), but suitable COFs need to be developed and the energy storage mechanisms need to be further investigated. Here we report an anthraquinone carbonyl‐containing COF as anode for AAIBs, which exhibits a high specific capacity of 141 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and good cycling stability with 90 % retention after 8000 cycles at 6 A g−1. We find that the anthraquinone carbonyls (denoted as C=O1) with superconjugated structure in the COF can form hydrogen bonds with NH4+ ions, thus serving as optimal sites and providing the major contribution to NH4+ ion storage, whereas another type of carbonyls (denoted as C=O2) in the same COF suffers from enol‐keto tautomerism, which prevents the formation of hydrogen bonds and is therefore unfavourable for NH4+ ion storage. This is further verified by the theoretical calculations where the hydrogen bonding rate of C=O1 groups is much faster than that of C=O2. This work not only provides insights into understanding the mechanism of NH4+ ion storage, but also offers new ideas for the design of advanced COF‐based materials for AAIBs.
A Robust Dual‐Layered Solid Electrolyte Interphase Enabled by Cation Specific Adsorption‐Induced Built‐In Electrostatic Field for Long‐Cycling Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Xi‐Long , Li Yuan , Liu Jia , Yang Shi‐Jie , Hu Jiang‐Kui , Mai Wei‐Qi , Wen Rui , Yuan Hong , Huang Jia‐Qi
Published: January 2025

Solid‐state lithium (Li) metal batteries (SSLMBs) are considered as one of the most promising next‐generation battery technologies due to their high energy density and intrinsic safety. However, interfacial issues such as side reactions and Li dendrite growth severely hinder the practical application of SSLMBs. In this contribution, we proposed a cationic built‐in electrostatic field to drive the generation of an anion‐derived dual‐layered solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The specific adsorption of tributylmethyl‐phosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TMPB) cations onto negatively charged Li anode surface significantly prevents interfacial side reactions between vulnerable polyethylene oxide (PEO) and Li metal. More importantly, the formed cationic built‐in electrostatic field induces the targeted trapping of Li‐salt anions onto the Li metal surface, leading to the generation of an anion‐derived dual‐layered SEI, composed of a mechanically flexible organic‐rich surface layer and a Li‐ion conductive inorganic‐rich bottom layer. As a result, the Li||Li cell demonstrated an extended lifespan of over 1900 hours with the reduced polarization voltage. The Li||LiFePO4 full cell also exhibited excellent cycling stability, maintaining an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7 % over 200 cycles at 0.5 C. This work provides valuable insights into mitigating interfacial degradation and promoting uniform Li deposition through surface electrostatic field regulation.
Isoreticular Tolerance and Phase Selection in the Synthesis of Multi‐Module Metal–Organic Frameworks for Gas Separation and Electrocatalytic OER
Authors: Xiao Yuchen , Bu Xianhui , Feng Pingyun
Published: January 2025

Although metal–organic frameworks are coordination‐driven assemblies, the structural prediction and design using metal‐ligand interactions can be unreliable due to other competing interactions. Leveraging non‐coordination interactions to develop porous assemblies could enable new materials and applications. Here, we use a multi‐module MOF system to explore important and pervasive impact of ligand‐ligand interactions on metal‐ligand as well as ligand‐ligand co‐assembly process. It is found that ligand‐ligand interactions play critical roles on the scope or breakdown of isoreticular chemistry. With cooperative di‐ and tri‐topic ligands, a family of Ni‐MOFs has been synthesized in various structure types including partitioned MIL‐88‐acs (pacs), interrupted pacs (i‐pacs), and UMCM‐1‐muo. A new type of isoreticular chemistry on the muo platform is established between two drastically different chemical systems. The gas sorption and electrocatalytic studies were performed that reveal excellent performance such as high C2H2/CO2 selectivity of 21.8 and high C2H2 uptake capacity of 114.5 cm3/g at 298 K and 1 bar.