bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of pluripotent cells in bovine uterus: in situ and in vitro studies
Authors: Łupicka Martyna , Bodek Gabriel , Shpigel Nahum , Elnekave Ehud , Korzekwa Anna J
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study was to identify uterine pluripotent cells both in bovine uterine tissues as well in epithelial, stromal, and myometrial uterine cell populations. Moreover, the relationship of pluripotent markers expression with age and the uterine horn side was considered. Uterine tissue was collected from ipsilateral and contralateral horns (days 8–10 of the estrous cycle). Immunohistostaining for C-KIT, OCT3/4, NANOG, and SOX2 in uterine tissue was determined. mRNA expression of C-KIT, OCT3/4, NANOG and SOX2 was evaluated in uterine tissue relative to the age of the cow and uterine horn side. Gene and protein expression of these markers in the uterine luminal epithelial, stromal, and myometrial cells was evaluated by real-time PCR and western blotting respectively. The expression of pluripotent cell markers OCT3/4, NANOG, and SOX2 was identified by flow cytometry assay in epithelial, stromal, and myometrial cells. Multilineage differentiation of the bovine uterine cells was performed. mRNA expression of OCT3/4, NANOG, and SOX2 in uterine tissue was higher in the ipsilateral horn than in the contralateral horn. Flow cytometry assay revealed positive fluorescence for OCT3/4, NANOG, and SOX2 in all uterine cell types. Results showed the age-dependent expression of pluripotent markers in uterine tissue. Beside, the different expression of pluripotent cells in each horn of uterus suggests the influence of ovarian hormones on these characteristics. The highest mRNA and protein expression for pluripotent markers was observed in stromal cells among uterine cells, which indicates this population of cells as the main site of pluripotent cells in the cow uterus.
An Enhanced Gene Targeting Toolkit forDrosophila: Golic+
Authors: Chen Hui-Min , Huang Yaling , Pfeiffer Barret D , Yao Xiaohao , Lee Tzumin
Published: January 2015

Ends-out gene targeting allows seamless replacement of endogenous genes with engineered DNA fragments by homologous recombination, thus creating designer “genes” in the endogenous locus. Conventional gene targeting in Drosophila involves targeting with the preintegrated donor DNA in the larval primordial germ cells. Here we report gene targeting during oogenesis with lethality inhibitor and CRISPR/Cas (Golic+), which improves on all major steps in such transgene-based gene targeting systems. First, donor DNA is integrated into precharacterized attP sites for efficient flip-out. Second, FLP, I-SceI, and Cas9 are specifically expressed in cystoblasts, which arise continuously from female germline stem cells, thereby providing a continual source of independent targeting events in each offspring. Third, a repressor-based lethality selection is implemented to facilitate screening for correct targeting events. Altogether, Golic+ realizes high-efficiency ends-out gene targeting in ovarian cystoblasts, which can be readily scaled up to achieve high-throughput genome editing.
The ABCs of Eye Color inTribolium castaneum: Orthologs of theDrosophila white,scarlet, andbrownGenes
Authors: Grubbs Nathaniel , Haas Sue , Beeman Richard W , Lorenzen Marcé D
Published: January 2015

In Drosophila melanogaster, each of the three paralogous ABC transporters, White, Scarlet and Brown, is required for normal pigmentation of the compound eye. We have cloned the three orthologous genes from the beetle Tribolium castaneum. Conceptual translations of Tribolium white (Tcw), scarlet (Tcst), and brown (Tcbw) are 51, 48, and 32% identical to their respective Drosophila counterparts. We have identified loss-of-eye-pigment strains that bear mutations in Tcw and Tcst: the Tcw gene in the ivory (i) strain carries a single-base transversion, which leads to an E → D amino-acid substitution in the highly conserved Walker B motif, while the Tcst gene in the pearl (p) strain has a deletion resulting in incorporation of a premature stop codon. In light of these findings, the mutant strains i and p are herein renamed whiteivory (wi) and scarletpearl (stp), respectively. In addition, RNA inhibition of Tcw and Tcst recapitulates the mutant phenotypes, confirming the roles of these genes in normal eye pigmentation, while RNA interference of Tcbw provides further evidence that it has no role in eye pigmentation in Tribolium. We also consider the evolutionary implications of our findings.
Diagnosis and Management of Bacteremic Urinary Tract Infection in Infants
Authors: Roman Heidi K. , Chang Pearl W. , Schroeder Alan R.
Published: January 2015

Objectives:

To report the prevalence of bacteremia by age in a sample of infants <1 year of age with urinary tract infections (UTIs), to compare characteristics of infants with UTIs with and without bacteremia, and to describe treatment courses and 30-day outcomes in infants with UTIs with and without bacteremia.

Methods:

We used a retrospective cross-sectional design to determine the prevalence of bacteremia in infants with UTIs at our institution. A double cohort design matching for age and gender was used to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes between infants with bacteremic versus nonbacteremic UTIs.

Results:

We identified 1379 UTIs, with blood cultures obtained in 52% of cases. The prevalence of bacteremia was 4.1% (95% confidence interval 3.1%–5.3%) for all UTIs and 8% (95% confidence interval 6.1%–10.2%) for UTIs in which blood culture was obtained. Fifty-five infants with bacteremic UTIs were compared with 110 infants with nonbacteremic UTIs. Except for minor differences in the urinalysis and serum band count, there were no significant differences in clinical presentation between the 2 groups. Bacteremic infants received longer parenteral treatment courses than nonbacteremic infants (mean 6.7 vs 2.4 days, P < .001). Treatment courses in the bacteremic group were variable and predicted by age but not severity of illness. No bacteremic infant had recurrent UTI or bacteremia with the same organism within 30 days of discharge.

Conclusions:

Treatment was variable but outcomes were excellent in infants with bacteremic UTIs.
Pain Outcomes in a US Children’s Hospital: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Friedrichsdorf Stefan J. , Postier Andrea , Eull Donna , Weidner Christian , Foster Laurie , Gilbert Michele , Campbell Fiona
Published: January 2015

Background and Objectives:

Pain in hospitalized children may be underrecognized and undertreated. The objective of this survey was to benchmark pain prevalence, intensity, assessment, and pharmacologic as well as integrative treatment of pain in inpatients in a US children’s hospital.

Methods:

This was a single-day, cross-sectional survey and electronic medical record review of inpatients who received medical care at a pediatric hospital. Inpatients and emergency department patients were asked to report their experience with pain and its management during the previous 24 hours.

Results:

Of 279 inpatients listed on the morning census, 178 children and parents were located and completed the survey. Seventy-six percent had experienced pain during the previous 24 hours, usually acute or procedural pain, 12% of whom possibly suffered from chronic pain. Twenty percent of all children surveyed experienced moderate and 30% severe pain in that time period. The worst pain reported by patients was caused by needle pokes (40%), followed by trauma/injury (34%). Children and their parents rated 5 integrative, nonpharmacologic modalities as more effective than medications. Pain assessments and management were documented in the medical record for 58% of patients covering the 24-hour period before the morning census. The most commonly prescribed analgesics were acetaminophen, morphine, and ibuprofen.

Conclusions:

Despite existing hospital policies and a pain consult team, significant room for improvement in pain management was identified. A hospital-wide, 3-year Lean quality improvement initiative on reducing pain was commenced as a result of this survey.
Update on Propranolol for Infantile Hemangioma: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Cyrulnik Amanda A. , Glick Sharon A.
Published: January 2015

The discovery of propranolol for the treatment of infantile hemangioma in 2008 has revolutionized management of this condition. Hundreds of reports have corroborated the initial published findings that propranolol is a safe and efficacious therapeutic agent. Furthermore, it is well tolerated in infants and can markedly alter the natural history and potential disfigurement of these lesions. The goal of this review is to outline the salient features of infantile hemangioma and the optimal use of propranolol as a first-line treatment modality.
Nursing Perspectives: The Education of Neonatal Nurse Practitioners—Do We Understand Where We Are Going?
Authors: Kenner Carole , Corff Karen , McCann Debra , Sheldon Roger E.
Published: January 2015

With the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in 2010 came heightened recognition of the vital role that nurses play in health care. That same year the Institute of Medicine published a report on the future of nursing that called for nurses to practice to the full scope of their education and for nurses, along with other health care professionals, to redesign health care provision. In the neonatal intensive care unit, the role of the highly specialized advanced practice registered nurse, the neonatal nurse practitioner, is well established. Neonatal nurse practitioners provide a large portion of patient care in the neonatal intensive care unit nationwide and offer a proven model of interprofessional practice that works well in today’s health care environment. This article discusses the need for such interprofessional teamwork, nursing’s role in the team, the evolution of distinctive advanced practice nursing education for neonatal advanced practice registered nurses, and concerns about continued success.
Checklist of helminth parasites of Striped Red Mullet, Mullus surmuletus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Perciformes: Mullidae), caught in the Bay of Kristel , Algeria (western Mediterranean)
Authors: Hassani Maya Meriem , Kerfouf Ahmed , Boutiba Zitouni
Published: January 2015

This investigation on the parasitic biodiversity of Striped Red Mullet, Mullus surmuletus, revealed the presence of 14 parasite species, including seven species of Digenea, four species of Nematoda, two species of Acanthocephala, and one Cestoda. Opecoelides furcatus and Proctotrema bacilliovatum are the most prevalent digenean species, present in 70% and 17% of the fish specimens analyzed, respectively. Concerning nematode species, Hysterothylacium fabri, Ascarophis valentina and Cucullanus longicollis have shown a prevalence of 66%, 17% and 8% respectively, among all specimens of M. surmuletus analyzed.
Fish fauna of the Pandeiros River, a region of environmental protection for fish species in Minas Gerais state, Brazil
Authors: Santos Udson , Silva Priscilla Caroline , Barros Lucas Caetano , Dergam Jorge Abdala
Published: January 2015

The Area of Environmental Protection of the Pandeiros River is the largest unit for sustainable use in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The Pandeiros Wetland in the lower part of this river is considered a nursery for most migratory fish species of the São Francisco River and it is currently threatened by the introduced peacock-bass Cichla piquiti (Kullander & Ferreira, 2006). In this study, a list of fish species from the Pandeiros River was developed and compared with data for populations from other regions in the São Francisco basin. The presence of a new species record for the São Francisco River basin in the Pandeiros, and the particular local biotic and abiotic conditions of that river, support its recognition as an important conservation unit within the basin.
New records of the Western Rounded Ear Bat, Lophostoma occidentalis (Davis & Carter, 1978) (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), from Colombia
Authors: Marin-Vasquez Anatoly , Ramírez-Chaves Héctor E. , Rivas-Pava Pilar , Mantilla-Meluk Hugo
Published: January 2015

We report new records of the western rounded ear bat Lophostoma occidentalis for the Colombian territory, represented by ten specimens collected on the western portion of the country, in the departments of Cauca, Chocó, and Valle del Cauca, all in the Colombian Pacific Region. The new records of L. occidentalis represent a substantial geographic and ecological extension in the known distribution of this species and corroborate its occurrence in Colombia. In addition, we discuss on the morphological variation of representatives of large Lophostoma species in Colombia.
New records of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) in Puerto Carreño, Vichada, Colombia
Authors: Brochero Helena , Conn Jan E.
Published: January 2015

Malaria is endemic in Vichada department in the Orinoquia region of Colombia. Reports of species in the genus Anopheles Meigen 1818, responsible for transmission of Plasmodium spp. parasites leading to malaria cases, should result in strengthened entomological surveillance and a clearer focus on the most effective vector control strategies. Here we present new records of Anopheles (Anopheles) shannoni Davis, 1931 and A. (A.) costai & forattini for Vichada department, Colombia.  Additionally, we have new records of A. (Nyssorhynchus) triannulatus Neiva & Pinto, 1922, and A. (A.) mattogrossensis Lutz & Neiva, 1911 for Puerto Carreño, the capital of Vichada department.
Music Performance Anxiety Scale for High School Students: Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: Doğan Uğur , Palancı Mehmet
Published: January 2015

This study aims to develop a Music Performance Anxiety Scale (MPAS) for high school students, and to conduct a validity and reliability study. In this respect, a scale will be developed to be used for high school students (adolescents), and differences between the genders will be examined. The study was conducted on 546 high school students. Of these students, 185 (33.9%) were male, 361 (66.1%) were female, and the average age was 16.81 with the ages ranging from 15 to 20. Correlational values of the scale items among themselves and with item totals were examined as a preliminary analysis. As a result of the EFA’s principal components technique, promax rotation technique and the analyses, a construct with three factors explaining a total of 42.74% of the total variance was attained. The structure attained was validated by CFA, and fit indices were found to be within the acceptance interval. In the reliability study, Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated as .86 for the entire scale, 27% for the lower-upper group comparison and test-retest analyses were conducted. The t-test was performed to attain the difference between genders. As a result of the study, a valid and reliable scale was seen to have been developed and a difference between the genders was apparent.
Novel Stable Isotope Analyses Demonstrate Significant Rates of Glucose Cycling in Mouse Pancreatic Islets
Authors: Wall Martha L. , Pound Lynley D. , Trenary Irina , O’Brien Richard M. , Young Jamey D.
Published: January 2015

A polymorphism located in the G6PC2 gene, which encodes an islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit, is the most important common determinant of variations in fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in humans. Studies of G6pc2 knockout (KO) mice suggest that G6pc2 represents a negative regulator of basal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) that acts by hydrolyzing glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), thereby reducing glycolytic flux. However, this conclusion conflicts with the very low estimates for the rate of glucose cycling in pancreatic islets, as assessed using radioisotopes. We have reassessed the rate of glucose cycling in pancreatic islets using a novel stable isotope method. The data show much higher levels of glucose cycling than previously reported. In 5 mmol/L glucose, islets from C57BL/6J chow-fed mice cycled ∼16% of net glucose uptake. The cycling rate was further increased at 11 mmol/L glucose. Similar cycling rates were observed using islets from high fat–fed mice. Importantly, glucose cycling was abolished in G6pc2 KO mouse islets, confirming that G6pc2 opposes the action of the glucose sensor glucokinase by hydrolyzing G6P. The demonstration of high rates of glucose cycling in pancreatic islets explains why G6pc2 deletion enhances GSIS and why variants in G6PC2 affect FBG in humans.
Phototrophic microflora of dystrophic Lake Sęczek, Masuria, Poland
Authors: Grabowska Magdalena , Hindák František , Hindáková Alica
Published: January 2015

Microflora of cyanobacteria and algae of small forest dystrophic Lake Sęczek located in the Masurian Lake District, NE Poland, was investigated in 2012 and 2013. A total of 16 genera with 7 species of cyanobacteria and 56 genera with 74 species, 6 varietas and forms of algae were determined. Most of them represented commonly occurring microorganisms of slightly acidic waters, but some of them are considered rare, i.e. the oscillatorian cyanobacterium Katagnymene accurata Geitler (for the first time found in Poland), and green algae Coenochloris sphagnicola Hindák, Mucidosphaerium sphagnale (Hindák) C. Bock, Pröschold et Krienitz, Closterium navicula (Bréb.) Lütkem., and Cosmarium cf. aphaerosporum var. corribense (W. et G.S. West) Krieger et Gerloff., which are described in more detail. As regards the species diversity, the plankton of the lake was rather species-poor in contrast to the algal communities in the Sphagnum littoral.
Freshwater green algal biofouling of boats in the Kabul River, Pakistan
Authors: Khuram Izaz , Ahmad Nadeem , Jan Samin , Barinova Sophia
Published: January 2015

Freshwater green algal biofouling of boats refers to the accrual of freshwater green algae on boats immersed in water. The current research focused on the morphological characteristics of the isolates, species ecology, and the physicochemical properties of the water at the sampling sites. Two localities, Haji Zai and Sardaryab, were sampled at the Kabul River in the district of Charsadda, Pakistan. Freshwater green algae causing biofouling were isolated from the boats. A total of three genera: Cladophora, Rhizoclonium, and Spirogyra with fifteen species belonging to the families Cladophoraceae and Zygnemataceae were observed. Statistical analysis reveals significant stimulation of green algal species in the boats’ fouled communities by increases in water temperature, conductivity, and Total Suspended Solids (TSS). The algal growth at the Haji Zai site is suppressed by TDS in autumn (Pearson −0.56) and is stimulated by water temperature in spring (Pearson 0.44). At the Sardaryab site, algae were stimulated in spring by pH of water (Pearson 0.61), and suppressed by Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in autumn (Pearson −0.43). Statistical analysis indicates that pH, conductivity, and temperature are the main factors determining the algal biofouling in the Kabul River.
Four small-celled Planothidium species from Central Europe proposed as new to science
Authors: Bąk Małgorzata , Lange-Bertalot Horst
Published: January 2015

Four small-celled taxa are presented and described — Planothidium werumianum, P. pumilum, P. rhombiculum and P. rostratoholarcticum. Planothidium werumianum, P. pumilum and P. rhombiculum are proposed as new to science and P. rostratoholarcticum as a new name for Achnanthes lanceolata var. rostrata Hustedt 1911. The latter, coming from Germany, is transferred to Planothidium in the species rank. The new name — P. rostratoholarcticum — is necessary to avoid a junior homonym, i.e., Planothidium rostratum (Østrup) Lange-Bertalot 1999, a species described from tropical Thailand. The new taxa were compared to several other, more or less similar small-celled Planothidium spp., such as P. rostratum (Østrup) Lange-Bertalot, P. minutissimum (Krasske) Lange-Bertalot, P. granum (Hohn & Hellerman) Lange-Bertalot, P. daui (Foged) Lange-Bertalot, P. frequentissimum (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot and P. engelbrechtii (Cholnoky) Round & Bukhtiyarova. Significant differences could be found through light- and electron microscopic fine structure analysis. Planothidium pumilum and P. rostratoholarcticum occur mainly in eutrophic alkaline rivers and lakes with medium to high conductivity, likewise in estuaries, lagoons, and backwater of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Planothidium werumianum and P. rhombiculum were found in small carbonate-rich rivers originating from medium altitude mountains.
Predation of adult large diving beetles Dytiscus marginalis (Linnaeus, 1758), Dytiscus circumcinctus (Ahrens, 1811) and Cybister lateralimarginalis (De Geer, 1774) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) on fish fry
Authors: Frelik Anna
Published: January 2015

The presented study describes the presence of fish fry in the diet of imagines of large Dytiscidae. The study was conducted between March and September in 2012 and 2013. A total of 163 large, aquatic, diving beetles were caught, which represented the following species: Dytiscus marginalis, Dytiscus circumcinctus, Cybister lateralimarginalis. Fish were identified by scales, bones, vertebrae, pharyngeal teeth. Insects were identified by epicrania, mandibles, hooks, limbs, body segments, eyes and wings. Crustaceans were identified by limbs and Oligochaeta by bristles. Seeds and eggs of invertebrates were found whole and intact. Fragments of fish fry were found in the digestive tracts of all three species collected in three studied ponds. The alimentary canals of the studied beetles contained also fragments of insects, detritus, plant tissue, Crustacea, Arachnida, other invertebrates, Oligochaeta, and Gastropoda.
Occurrence of potentially human pathogenic bacteria in the seawater and in the sand of the recreational coastal beach in the southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Mudryk Zbigniew , Gackowska Joanna , Skórczewski Piotr , Perliński Piotr , Zdanowicz Marta
Published: January 2015

The occurrence and the distribution of potentially human pathogenic bacteria such as Aeromonas, Pseudomonas aeruoginosa, Staphylococcus and Vibrio-like organisms in the sand and the adjacent seawater of the recreational coastal beach were studied. The highest mean number among these four studied groups of bacteria was represented by Aeromonas-like organisms and the lowest one by Staphylococcus-like organisms. Dry sand was inhabited by the highest number of all studied potentially pathogenic bacteria. Within a year, the number of the studied bacteria inhabiting the sand and the seawater showed considerable monthly changes. There were differences in the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria between the surface and the subsurface sand layers with a clear decrease in their number toward the deeper layers of the sand.
Temporal fluctuations of the phytoplankton community in an isolated floodplain lake (North Mollaköy Lake) of the Sakarya River (Northern Turkey)
Authors: Sevindik Tuğba , Tunca Hatice , Önem Burçin , Tamer Sevil
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal variation of phytoplankton and water quality in response to the hydrological regime in an isolated floodplain lake (North Mollaköy Lake) of the Sakarya River. Variations in the composition, biomass and functional groups of phytoplankton and environmental parameters were monthly analyzed in sub-surface samples collected from the pelagic zone at four stations from July 2012 to June 2013. A total of 109 taxa were identified, and the species which contributed the most to the phytoplankton biomass were grouped into 14 functional groups (FGs). The distribution of FGs was linked to the transition (T1 and T2), high (HW) and low (LW) water periods in North Mollaköy Lake. FGs J, MP, N, G, X1, X2, Y, W1, W2, S1, H1, B and C were the contributors to the phytoplankton biomass during the low-water period (LW) and the transition periods (T1 and T2), while Lo contributed the most during the high-water period (HW). RDA revealed that the most important factor affecting the temporal distribution of FGs was the water discharge and that there are some differences between stations in terms of Si, pH values and the distribution of FGs.
First record of the oriental shrimp Palaemon macrodactylus M. J. Rathbun, 1902 in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Janas Urszula , Tutak Beata
Published: January 2015

The present paper reports for the first time on the occurrence of the oriental shrimp Palaemon macrodactylus M. J. Rathbun, 1902 in the coastal waters of the Baltic Sea in 2014. Ovigerous females and young individuals were found, indicating a possible establishment of this species in the Baltic Sea.
Resistance of riverine macroinvertebrate assemblages to hydrological extremes
Authors: Szczerkowska-Majchrzak Eliza , Lik Joanna , Leszczyńska Joanna
Published: January 2015

Macroinvertebrates were sampled in the lowland Drzewiczka River downstream from a dam reservoir and just below a whitewater slalom canoeing track. For over 20 years, pulse flow fluctuations of moderate intensity, an effect of two-three hour long releases of water per day to enable training of canoeists, induced a patchy mosaic in the tailwater riverbed compared to a natural site. After these regular disturbances, three accidental events of increased discharge of different magnitudes (three, five and sixteen times higher compared to a long-term median) occurred in two following years and we were able to investigate their impact on the habitat-specific processes.

Two of the three events (in September 2000 and March 2001) had a minor effect on abiotic and biotic variables, while the third one (in February 2002, over 40 m3 s−1 discharge) destabilized the bed habitat, washing away the flood-sensitive macroinvertebrates of Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera. In the dominant benthic group, i.e. Chironomidae, varied resistance patterns were observed, depending on their mode of life and patch occupancy. In conclusion, biota in the Drzewiczka River have adapted their life history to long-term moderate flow disturbance, but the largest flood mobilized bed sediments together with most of their dwellers.
Latitudinal pattern of abundance and composition of ciliate communities in the surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Rychert Krzysztof , Nawacka Bożena , Majchrowski Roman , Zapadka Tomasz
Published: January 2015

Abundance, biomass, and taxonomic composition of the ciliate community were studied in the surface waters along a transect between 50°S 61°W and 48°N 5°W (Atlantic Ocean, March-April 2011). The abundance of heterotrophic ciliates was low in the equatorial zone (280–320 cells l−1, 0.11–0.12 μg C l−1), but it increased toward both the northern and southern temperate zones with the maximum abundance observed at 44°S (2667 cells l−1, 0.82 μg C l−1). This pattern resembles the global distribution of oceanic primary production, which is low at lower latitudes and high in temperate zones. In temperate zones ciliate abundance peaks during spring and fall. Thus, because the present study was carried out during spring in the northern hemisphere and austral fall in the southern hemisphere, the ciliate abundance at higher latitudes was additionally elevated. Functionally autotrophic Mesodinium rubrum was only observed in the northern hemisphere and tropical waters. Its maximum abundance was observed at 48°N (1080 cells l−1, 1.14 μg C l−1). The most frequently observed ciliates were oligotrichs and choreotrichs. Other important ciliates were haptorids (including M. rubrum) and hypotrichs.
Immediate Effects of Real-Time Feedback on Jump-Landing Kinematics
Authors: Ericksen Hayley M. , Thomas Abbey C. , Gribble Phillip A. , Doebel Sara C. , Pietrosimone Brian G.
Published: January 2015

Study Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Objective

To determine if the addition of real-time feedback (RTF) to postresponse feedback (PRF) improves jump-landing kinematics compared to PRF alone and a no-feedback control group.

Background

Injury-prevention programs to reduce risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury have shown promising results in altering jump-landing biomechanics. Real-time feedback provided during the task may allow participants to more easily understand and execute new movement strategies compared to PRF provided after the task is completed.

Methods

Thirty-six healthy females were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: RTF plus PRF, PRF, or control. Sagittal plane moments and angles at the knee and hip, frontal plane angles at the knee, and vertical ground reaction forces during a jump-landing task were quantified at baseline and postintervention. The RTF plus PRF and PRF groups received a PowerPoint presentation containing the goals of correct landing technique. In addition to the PowerPoint presentation, the RTF plus PRF group was provided real-time visualization of their frontal plane knee angle. Participants in the control group performed the jump-landing task without feedback.

Results

Posttraining, the RTF plus PRF and PRF groups demonstrated similar improvements in hip and knee flexion and decreased vertical ground reaction forces compared to the control group. There were no changes in frontal plane knee kinematics between groups posttraining.

Conclusion

The addition of RTF to PRF did not result in significant changes in jump-landing kinematics compared to PRF alone.

Level of Evidence

Prevention, level 5. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(2):112–118. Epub 1 Jan 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.4997
Lumbini: The Birth Place of Gautama Buddha
Authors: Editor The
Published: January 2015

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i3.11834
Global Peace: To Nurture a Healthy Mind & Shakyamuni the Buddha's Teachings
Authors: Upadhyaya Kapil Dev
Published: January 2015

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i3.11835
Psychological aspect of Buddhist education
Authors: Shakya Dhana Ratna
Published: January 2015

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i3.11837
Catatonia
Authors: Sedain CP
Published: January 2015

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i3.11838
Plenary Session
Authors: Javed Afzal
Published: January 2015

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i3.11839
Guest Lectures
Authors: Editor The
Published: January 2015

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i3.11840
Oral Free Papers
Authors: Editor The
Published: January 2015

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i3.11844
Cold Region Applications for In-Place Inclinometers Based on Microelectromechanical Systems Technology
Authors: Darrow Margaret M. , Jensen David D.
Published: January 2015

Inclinometer probes are an industry standard for measuring ground movement; however, this technology has drawbacks, including costly trips for manual measurements, operator error, and limited measurements caused by casing deformation. Relatively new in-place inclinometers based on microelectromechanical systems (M-IPIs) consist of microelectromechanical systems accelerometer segments separated variously by flexible joints or field connection systems and encased in a watertight housing. M-IPIs provide nearly continuous ground movement measurements, accommodate greater ground movement because of their flexibility, and may contain temperature sensors, useful for applications in frozen ground. Two M-IPIs from different manufacturers were evaluated at four research sites in Alaska (a) to monitor creep in frozen ground (vertical installation), (b) to identify and monitor a slide shear zone (vertical installation), (c) to monitor thaw settlement under a newly constructed embankment (horizontal installation), and (d) to identify movement mechanisms within a slide and to evaluate the M-IPIs functionality through large amounts of shear (vertical installation). Each M-IPI was evaluated for ease of installation and subsequent retrieval, durability, and functionality in frozen ground. Measurements from both devices compared well with those from the inclinometer probe; this feature indicated that these devices were suitable for use in cold regions. However, field experience indicates that the installation procedure for each instrument is better undertaken at temperatures above freezing because of the manual dexterity required. For horizontal installations over permafrost, it is recommended that casing ends be secured to posts anchored below the permafrost table and any cold-affected plastic components be replaced between installations to avoid unwanted breakage during reinstallation.
Model for Schedule Risk Evaluation in Subsurface Explorations
Authors: Lu Yujie , Cui Qingbin , Chen Xin , Baecher Gregory
Published: January 2015

Subsurface explorations are performed to provide necessary information on soil characteristics and properties. Timely completion of the subsurface explorations is important for successful project development and design. Failure to deliver geotechnical information may cause project delay and damage project performance. Previous literature has seldom examined schedule performance and delay of subsurface exploration. This study aimed to evaluate the operational performance of subsurface exploration by analyzing empirical data on 77 subsurface exploration projects collected between October 2009 and June 2011. The delay analysis identified the primary effects on operational performance of subsurface exploration, namely, unclear data requirements, scope change, permitting, and unexpected conditions. A forecasting model to predict project duration from variables such as number of borings, boring types, early performance warnings, driller issues, and risk events is proposed, and a series of preliminary recommendations to mitigate delay risk is suggested.
Evaluation of Unknown Foundations of Bridges Subjected to Scour
Authors: Yousefpour Negin , Medina-Cetina Zenon , Briaud Jean-Louis
Published: January 2015

Missing substructure information has impeded the safety assessment of bridges with unknown foundations, especially for scour-prone bridges. An approach based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) was developed to identify the inherent patterns in the substructure design of bridges with commonly available evidence (e.g., geometric characteristics of superstructures, loading conditions, soil properties, year built, and location) and then to generalize them further to bridges with unknown foundations. The proposed ANN models were trained with information collected for an inventory of bridges with available foundation records located in the Bryan District of the Texas Department of Transportation. Results showed that the proposed ANN models were able to make successful predictions about the foundation type and the embedment depth for deep foundations. In addition, the degree of uncertainty in the models’ predictions was evaluated by performing the random subsampling method. Graphs of the probability of exceedance were generated that allowed for factoring the predicted pile depth on the basis of a reasonable probability of failure caused by scour. As a consequence, departments of transportation can adopt a similar methodology to reclassify the bridges with unknown foundations included in the National Bridge Inventory.
Generating Hourly Climatic Data for Pavement Design from Available Weather Information
Authors: Delgadillo Rodrigo , Wahr Carlos , Garcia Gabriel , Osorio Luis , Salfate Osiel
Published: January 2015

This study addressed the need for more detailed weather information in the context of pavement design with the Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide from weather information available for Chile. An initial database was developed with the available hourly data in the country, and the sensitivity of distress predictions for Chilean weather was studied. Because of the limited availability of hourly climatic data, different methods were proposed for completing the missing data. As their inputs, the developed models used weather information that was more generally available. A sinusoidal–exponential model was used for the minimum and maximum daily temperature. An exponential model for hourly humidity based on maximum and minimum daily humidity was also used. Linear interpolation between the available hours with data for wind speed and cloud cover was sufficient to complete the hourly information for these variables. The precision of the distress predictions with these models proved to be accurate compared with the predictions with actual hourly weather data. The models are being successfully used to expand the number of available weather stations for pavement design in Chile. The models are also useful for validating the existing weather stations and detecting inaccuracies and errors in the recorded hourly data.
Effect of Matric Suction on Resilient Modulus for Compacted Recycled Base Course in Postcompaction State
Authors: Nokkaew Kongrat , Tinjum James M. , Likos William J. , Edil Tuncer B.
Published: January 2015

The demand for recycled material as the unbound base course in roadway construction has increased in recent decades because of the excellent mechanical properties of the recycled base course and inherent life-cycle benefits. However, concerns have been expressed about postconstruction changes in the resilient modulus (Mr) caused by moisture variation. This study investigated the relationship of Mr to soil matric suction (ψ) at an in-service stress state for recycled asphalt pavement, recycled pavement material, and recycled concrete aggregate compared with crushed limestone as a conventional base course control. Resilient modulus tests were conducted in accordance with NCHRP Project 1–28A Procedure 1a. Equipment modifications allowed for an applied ψ ranging from 1.5 kPa to 65 kPa during testing. A proposed model incorporated parameters from the soil–water characteristic curve to predict a summary resilient modulus (SRM), that is, the in-service Mr at a representative field stress state. The SRM increased with increasing ψ for all compacted base courses studied. An SRM ratio, defined as the ratio of the SRM at a particular ψ to the as-compacted SRM at optimum water content, was empirically quantified. The modulus ratio increased linearly with logarithmic ψ for the studied recycled and natural aggregates. The findings indicate that the Mr–ψ relationship is highly relevant for predicting in-service performance of pavement layers.
Evaluation of Bearing Capacity of Low-Volume Roads in Minnesota
Authors: Khazanovich Lev , Lukanen Erland , Tompkins Derek
Published: January 2015

Deflection testing and analysis are routinely used to evaluate the spring load capacity of pavements and to design structural overlays. The current falling-weight deflectometer (FWD) deflection analysis process used by the Minnesota Department of Transportation was found to be unreliable. Traditionally, the process used to interpret FWD deflection measurements converted the measured maximum FWD deflection to an equivalent Benkelman beam deflection and compared it with the allowable deflection for a pavement with given asphalt surface thickness and anticipated traffic. Because the maximum FWD deflection is greatly affected by the subgrade stiffness, the computer program TONN may underestimate the allowable axle load for subgrades depending on the subgrade material. As a result, the researchers determined that the allowable axle load rating procedure should be revised. Those revisions and the development of a new rating procedure for low-volume roads are detailed.
New Procedure for Selecting Chemical Treatments for Unpaved Roads
Authors: Jones David , Surdahl Roger
Published: January 2015

There is increasing interest in the use of chemical treatments to reduce maintenance and gravel replacement on gravel roads. However, the choice of the most appropriate chemical treatment is difficult because of the proprietary nature of many of the available treatments. A new approach to the selection of an appropriate chemical treatment is based on the practitioner's understanding of the roads that require treatment in terms of traffic, climate, geometry, and materials; of the different chemical treatment categories; and of the objective for applying a chemical treatment. From the information collected, the most appropriate chemical treatment categories for a given situation can be selected from a series of charts and ranked by using a simple arithmetical formula. The ability to rank the treatments available differentiates this procedure from previous procedures documented in the literature. The selection can be refined by evaluating expected performance with prediction charts that are based on material properties determined from the same simple, inexpensive laboratory tests required as inputs to the selection procedure.
Collecting Decision Support System Data through Remote Sensing of Unpaved Roads
Authors: Dobson Richard J. , Colling Timothy , Brooks Colin , Roussi Chris , Watkins Melanie Kueber , Dean David
Published: January 2015

Unpaved roads make up roughly 33% of the road system within the United States and are vitally important to rural communities for transport of people and goods. Effective asset management of unpaved roads requires frequent inspections to determine the roads’ condition and the appropriate preventive maintenance or rehabilitation. The major challenge with managing unpaved roads is low-cost collection of condition data that are compatible with a decision support system (DSS). The advent of cheap, reliable remote-sensing platforms such as unmanned aerial vehicles along with the development of commercial off-the-shelf image analysis algorithms provides a revolutionary opportunity to overcome these data volume and efficiency issues. By taking advantage of these technological leaps, a market-ready system to detect unpaved road distress data compatible with a DSS was developed. The system uses aerial imagery that can be collected from a remote-controlled helicopter or manned fixed-wing aircraft to create a three-dimensional model of sensed road segments. Condition information on potholes, ruts, washboarding, loss of crown, and float aggregate berms is then detected and characterized to determine the extent and severity of the distress. Once detection and analysis are complete, the data are imported into a DSS based on a geographic information system (Road-soft) for use by road managers to prioritize preventive maintenance and rehabilitation efforts.
Investigating Safety Impact of Edgelines on Narrow, Rural Two-Lane Highways by Empirical Bayes Method
Authors: Sun Xiaoduan , Das Subasish , Zhang Zhongjie , Wang Fan , Leboeuf Charles
Published: January 2015

Narrow, rural two-lane highways are mostly characterized by low design features, light traffic volumes with high crash rates, and particularly high fatal crash rates. About 5,000 mi of these highways are administered by the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development. Run-off-roadway (ROR) crashes are the most common type of crashes on narrow, rural two-lane highways. Because the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices does not require edgelines, edgelines are not found on many such highways because of their low traffic volumes. There are two main concerns for edgeline implementation on narrow two-lane highways: the potential increase in head-on collisions and the added maintenance cost to the already constrained annual maintenance budget. The second part of a study that evaluated the safety impact of edgelines on narrow, rural two-lane highways in Louisiana is presented. On the basis of data collected from 10 locations, the first part of the study proved that edge lines centralized the lateral position of vehicles. This second part of the study evaluated the safety performance before and after the implementation of edgelines on roadway segments selected from all Louisiana districts. By using the empirical Bayes method, the study showed that edgeline implementation significantly reduced expected crash frequencies. Edgeline implementation reduced ROR crashes as well as head-on crashes. The implementation of edgelines benefited primarily male drivers and young drivers. Because of the crash-decreasing trend observed in the 3-year period classified as the after period in this study, the final estimated crash modification factor was 0.85 with a standard deviation of 0.039. The high benefit–cost ratio strongly supports edgeline implementation on narrow, rural two-lane highways in Louisiana.
Assessing Transferability of Highway Safety Manual Crash Prediction Models to Data from Italy
Authors: Russo Francesca , Busiello Mariarosaria , Biancardo Salvatore A. , Dell'Acqua Gianluca
Published: January 2015

For decades, crashes have been studied as discrete events with the focus on the circumstances of the crash. This type of analysis has been used to identify the characteristics of roadway features associated with higher crash experience, but other factors, such as traffic volumes, driver characteristics, land use, and environmental conditions, are also needed to explain or describe crash events. The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) provides a predictive method to estimate the expected average crash frequency of a site in given geometric and geographic conditions over a specific period for a specific annual average daily traffic volume. The study presented here investigated whether the modeling results closely matched the crash records. The HSM algorithms were used to assess transferability as a whole. The results suggested that implementing the HSM techniques should foster the development of local safety performance functions and accident modification factors. Calibration preserved the original HSM model form and the relationship between independent variables and crashes. To adjust the base predicted crash frequency to meet the current conditions, the accident modification factor calculations for lane width, horizontal curves, and vertical grades were made. Crash types (head-on and side collisions, single-vehicle crashes, and rear-end collisions) were investigated on the basis of the vertical grade and the curvature indicator. The estimated model provides planners and designers with a tool better able to target and select countermeasures to address these specific aspects and results in improved project selection and improved safety.
Crossover Roundabouts
Authors: Hale Ryan
Published: January 2015

The double crossover diamond (DCD) (also known as the diverging diamond interchange) was first introduced conceptually to engineers and planners in the United States less than a decade ago. The concept has been spreading rapidly since that time; as of July 2013, DCDs had been constructed in 19 locations in eight states and had been studied in countless other projects nationwide. Nearby frontage roads pose operational challenges for all interchanges, and DCD geometry intensifies this problem. Reverse curvature for crossover points reduces the storage length between ramps and nearby frontage roads in DCDs. The crossover roundabout concept was conceived as a potential solution to this challenge. Instead of a signalized crossover point (as in a DCD), a five-legged roundabout was proposed for the intersecting arterial, frontage road, and ramps. A crossover roundabout would function essentially like any other roundabout except that it would adjoin an arterial roadway with travel directions flipped on one side. The operational and safety benefits of typical roundabouts are expected to apply to crossover roundabouts; no new driver behaviors must be learned. Variations of crossover roundabout interchanges are possible: one crossover roundabout could adjoin half of a DCD, or two crossover roundabouts could form a complete interchange. Interchanges with two crossover roundabouts would look like typical double-roundabout diamond interchanges with the arterial road directions flipped between the roundabouts. Crossover roundabouts are not required to contain frontage roads to function. Microsimulation and cost estimations have shown the concept to have merit; crossover roundabouts can combine the best attributes of DCDs and roundabouts.