bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Future Scenario of an Iconic Tree From the Brazilian Cerrado: Perspectives on Eremanthus﻿ Less. (Asteraceae) Conservation
Authors: ALVES FÁBIO VITALINO SANTOS , LOEUILLE BENOIT FRANCIS PATRICE
Published: June 2022

Characterized as one of the largest biodiversity hotspots, the Cerrado ecoregion houses a wide variety of endemic species. Several threats, such as agricultural expansion and habitat fragmentation, put the species of the Cerrado ecosystems and biodiversity at risk. The genus Eremanthus is frequent in the Cerrado and suffers from intense anthropogenic pressure due to overexploitation mainly for the construction of fences and extraction of essential oil. Environmental suitability, of the Mid-Holocene, present and future (2070), were estimated for the genus in order to characterize the importance of the climate in the species distribution and to analyse the conservation status. The Species Distribution Modelling showed that most species of Eremanthus presented similarities between the environmental suitability of the present and the Mid-Holocene, enabling the identification of areas of environmental stability in OSL areas of campos rupestres. The species of the genus were classified as Endangered and Vulnerable according to IUCN criteria, presenting very reduced areas of environmental suitability projected in the future and a low percentage of species in Protected Areas, that may influence possible extinctions of species in the genus. The approaches in this study provide consistent subsidies to assist in conservation planning.
RNA profiling of circulating tumor cells systemically captured from diagnostic leukapheresis products in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Dong Liang , Du Xinxing , Lu Changxue , Zhang Zhongyuan , Huang Chung-Ying , Yang Lei , Warren Sarah , Kuczler Morgan D. , Reyes Diane K. , Luo Jun , Amend Sarah R. , Xue Wei , Pienta Kenneth J.
Published: June 2022

Background: The application of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in both clinical practice and research has been continuously limited by the rare number of targets that can be found in a tube of peripheral blood. Methods: Diagnostic leukapheresis (DLA) was used to increase the sampling volume. AdnaTest was used to process the whole leukopak, and the RNAs of captured CTCs was then profiled by NanoString nCounter platform. Spike-in experiments and leukopaks from patients with metastatic prostate cancer were used to validate this new strategy. Results: The whole leukopak was further concentrated five times to reduce the total volume from 150 mL to 30 mL, which enabled it to be processed by 3 separate AdnaTest kits. The spike-in experiment demonstrated a reliable capture when there were more than 100 cancer cells/10 mL of concentrated leukopak. In 1 out of 5 real patient samples, CTCs were only detected in the leukopak, but not in peripheral blood. The RNA profiling of DLA CTCs indicated a more aggressive phenotype of CTCs occurred when the patient was experiencing a disease relapse, even when the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was still relatively low and CTCs in peripheral blood were not detectable. Conclusion: We established a new protocol, integrating DLA, AdnaTest and NanoString nCounter technology, to profile RNAs from CTCs captured from a large blood screening volume. The new protocol can process the whole leukopak with sensitive CTC capture. The RNA profiling of CTCs can provide valuable information for disease monitoring.
Development of a TLR7/8 agonist adjuvant formulation to overcome early life hyporesponsiveness to DTaP vaccination
Authors: Dowling David , Barman Soumik , Smith Alyson J. , Borriello Francesco , Chaney Danielle , Brightman Spencer E. , Malhem Gandolina , Brook Byron , Menon Manisha , Soni Dheeraj , Schüller Simone , Siram Karthik , Nanishi Etsuro , Bazin Hélène G. , Burkhart David J. , Levy Ofer , Evans Jay T.
Published: June 2022

Infection is the most common cause of mortality early in life, yet the broad potential of immunization is not fully realized in this vulnerable population. Most vaccines are administered during infancy and childhood, but in some cases the full benefit of vaccination is not realized in-part. New adjuvants are cardinal to further optimize current immunization approaches for early life. However, only a few classes of adjuvants are presently incorporated in vaccines approved for human use. Recent advances in the discovery and delivery of Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist adjuvants have provided a new toolbox for vaccinologists. Prominent among these candidate adjuvants are synthetic small molecule TLR7/8 agonists. The development of an effective infant Bordetella pertussis vaccine is urgently required because of the resurgence of pertussis in many countries, contemporaneous to the switch from whole cell to acellular vaccines. In this context, TLR7/8 adjuvant (TLR7/8A) based vaccine formulation strategies may be a promising tool to enhance and accelerate early life immunity by acellular B. pertussis vaccines. In the present study, we optimized a) the formulation delivery system, b) structure, and c) immunologic activity of novel small molecule imidazoquinoline TLR7/8As towards human infant leukocytes, including dendritic cells. Upon immunization of neonatal mice, this TLR7/8A overcame neonatal hyporesponsiveness to acellular pertussis vaccination by driving a T helper (Th)1/Th17 biased T cell- and IgG2c-skewed humoral response to a licensed acellular vaccine (DTaP). This potent immunization strategy may represent a new paradigm for effective immunization against pertussis and other pathogens in early life.
Sustenance of marginal and small farm households in an advanced agricultural economy: A case of Indian Punjab
Authors: Saini Rohit , Kaur Manjeet
Published: June 2022

The sustainability of marginal and small farm households is a pertinent question given that their number is on the rise in South-Asia. The study aims to assess their present socio-economic profile and the challenges faced in order to draw roadmap of development for the underprivileged households. The study pertains to Indian Punjab and data from Situation Assessment Survey of 70th Round of NSSO are used. The concepts of economic surplus, occupational diversity, farm productivity, vertical and horizontal inequalities are used to achieve the objectives. This study reveals that marginal farm households faced food insecurity as they failed to meet the consumption expenditure from the income earned. Even the small farm households are left with a small surplus after meeting consumption needs. Income is unevenly distributed among farm households, with the value of the Gini coefficient being 0.48. The majority of the marginal and small farm households fall in lower-income quintiles and are occupationally more diversified than their larger counterparts. Horizontal inequalities are lower between the farm-size categories (0.14) than within farm-size categories (0.27). The Gini coefficient within each farm-size category is the highest among marginal farm households (0.50), followed by small farm households (0.45), highlighting their economic stress and tug-of-war survival. Further, the farm households belonging to socially lower castes falls only in the marginal farm-size category and represent the lowest income. Development must be sustainable and inclusive, hence, policies to develop marginal farmers centric farming systems and high value crops such as potato, cotton, sugarcane and oilseeds; providing high yielding livestock breeds; value addition through farmer-producer organizations; non-farm employment through MGNREGA; provision of institutional credit at subsidised rate of interest and; quality health and education facilities in the public sector are recommended to uplift the affected households.
A model of persistent breaking of continuous symmetry
Authors: Chai Noam , Dymarsky Anatoly , Goykhman Mikhail , Sinha Ritam , Smolkin Michael
Published: June 2022

We consider a UV-complete field-theoretic model in general dimensions, including d=2+1, which consists of two copies of the
long-range vector models, with O(m) and O(N-m) global symmetry groups,
perturbed by double-trace operators.
Using conformal perturbation theory
we find weakly-coupled IR fixed points for N\geq 6N≥6 that reveal a spontaneous
breaking of global symmetry. Namely, at finite temperature the lower rank group is broken,
with the pattern persisting at all temperatures due to scale-invariance.
We provide evidence that the models in question are unitary and invariant under full conformal symmetry.
Furthermore, we show that this model exhibits a continuous family of weakly interacting field theories at finite N.
TYPE OF BURIAL AND ADAPTATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL AGES WITH THE SEDIMENTATION OF THE ORGANIC MATTER FOR THE DIFFERENT LAYERS FOR THE TARFAYAS OIL SHALE DEPOSIT (MOROCCO)
Authors:   Department of Chemistry Faculty of sciences Ben msik Casablanca University Hassan II Morocco., Malal Ahmed , Lahmadi Doha ,   Department of Chemistry Faculty of sciences Ben msik Casablanca University Hassan II Morocco., Attaoui Abdeljabbar ,   Department of Chemistry Faculty of sciences Ben msik Casablanca University Hassan II Morocco.
Published: June 2022

The Tarfayas oil shale deposit is of considerable importance and ranks among the marine deposits. The organic matter (kerogen) of this type of shale is quantitatively variable according to the layers ranging from Z0 to Z4 (deep layer) A certain migration of organic matter occurred during burial in the deep layers Z3 and Z4 of the Tarfaya deposit, the light organic matter was concentrated (by rising) in the Z3 layer, conversely the high molecular weight matter descended in the Z4 layer. Dynamic thermogravimetry was used to quantify the overall organic matter and UV spectroscopy was used to monitor the amount of high molecular weight organic matter (heavy organic matter).The sedimentation of organic matter in the Tarfaya deposit, generally formed by algal and zooplankton debris as well as other marine life, depended on the climate of the geological eras. The geological eras in question are the secondary and tertiary eras, and organic matter is logically abundant when the climate is warm.This work allowed us to adapt the geological stages to the variability of the kerogen quantities in the layers. Useful tests in this work are thermogravimetric results in microanalysis by the Red Croft (micro flail thermobalance), UV spectroscopy and dispersive X-ray.
MANAGEMENT OF CONSULTATION TEACHERS OF BUDDHIST RELIGIOUS EDUCATIONTO INCREASE QUALITY OF LEARNING(A QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES OF THE QUALITY OF SCIENTIFIC LEARNING UPON BUDDHIST EDUCATION SUBJECT TEACHER CONSULTATIONIN JAKARTA).
Authors:   Research Scholar, Educational Management, Universitas Islam Nusantara Bandung, Indonesia., a Sulan
Published: June 2022

This research is based on the weak competence of Buddhist education teachers in designing learning with a scientific approach according to the 2013 curriculum. The roles and functions of teachers who are members of the Subject Teacher Consultation need to be maximized through good management to improve teacher competence and produce a quality learning process. The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the role of the management of the Buddhist Education Subject Teacher Consultation in improving the quality of learning with a scientific approach, such as planning, implementation, supervision, supporting and inhibiting factors, efforts, and management results of the Subject Teacher Deliberation. The theory used is the theory and concept of management, quality, and scientific approach learning. The research was carried out using a qualitative descriptive method that emphasized interviews and observations. The results of the study indicate that the management of the Teachers Deliberation for Buddhist Education Subjects to improve the quality of learning with a scientific approach has a good influence on increasing teacher competence in the teaching and learning process, then the average academic value of students every year increases. However, there are still weaknesses in its operations as well as in the products produced due to lack of resource support, so in the future, a joint commitment from members, supervisors, Buddhist community mentors is needed to contribute actively and jointly explore budget resources, carry out supervision and coaching so that the program activities run effectively, as well as the achievement of the program according to the standards and indicators of program success.
OCCLUSAL PLANE CANTING : A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Proff And Head Dept Of Orthodontics, GDC Indore., Jain Sandhya , Saifee Arwa ,   MDS Orthodontics., Choudhary Nikita ,   PG Students MDS Orthodontics,Gdc Indore., Bharathi Divya ,   PG Students Mds Orthodontics,Gdc Indore.
Published: June 2022

Occlusal plane canting could be a challenge for orthodontists due to complexity of mechanics and uncertainity of treatment. Earlier, before advent of TADS in orthodontics, canting was treated by complex mechanics using elastics, asymmetric bends in archwires, bite blocks, high pull headgears, orthognathic surgeries etc. With advent of TADs, its become easier to treat occlusal canting even in some severe cases. The present case report illustrates treatment of severe canting by use of temporary anchorage devices hence avoiding surgery.
GENDER BASED ANALYSIS OF TEACHER EDUCATORS EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCEIN RELATION TO THEIR TEACHING EXPERIENCE
Authors:   School of Education, Jaipur National University, Jaipur-302017., Rani Suman , Jain Reena ,   Guru Nanak Girls College, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India.
Published: June 2022

In the new millennium, teachers are challenged to educate students to fulfill the demands of an internationally competitive global society. This responsibility increases many times when we talk about teacher educators, which occupy a central position in the educational system. Emotional status is a controlling factor intheir teaching ability. Looking at the significance of emotional intelligence (EI) in the present scenario, the investigator is keen to study the influence of genderand teaching experience onthe EIof teacher educators in Northern India, especially Haryana.This study has been conducted to assess the EI of teacher educators in relation to their gender and experience. The emotional intelligence scale by Anukool Hyde, SanjyotPethe, and Upinder Dhar (2002) have used for analysis. Data obtained by stratified randomization was analyzed statistically using descriptive and test of significance analysis by One Way ANOVA. Results revealed no significant difference between the overall Emotional Intelligence of male and female teacher educators. However, each gender dominated in separated emotional intelligence factors wherefemale teacher educators mainly dominated in factors like managing relations, empathy, altruistic behavior, and integrity as compared to males. On the other hand, male teacher educators dominated mainly inself-awareness, self-motivation, emotional stability, integrity,self-development,and value orientation. Thus,overallEI is not gender-dependent,while different emotional intelligence factors varybetween male and female teacher educators depending on personality traits and living conditions. On the other hand, results have shown the positive impact of teaching experience on the total EI of teacher educators, where EI factors like empathy, self-motivation, managing relations, and integrity are enhanced with experience and thereby contribute to the enhancement of overall EI in both male and female teacher educators.Present study results will help embellish the subject matter of gender-based differencesin Emotional Intelligenceabout their experience.The outcome of this study would be beneficial fora further incremental increase of teacher educators EI by focusing on specific factors if teacher educatorsprogramsshould be prepared by considering all these effectors accordingly that would enlighten not only teacher education but also improve the impact of the Indian education system.
CAPACITE DE DIFFUSION DUNE PHOTOPILE AU SILICIUM A MULTI-JONCTIONS VERTICALES CONNECTEES EN SERIE SOUS ECLAIREMENT MONOCHROMATIQUE EN MODULATION DE FREQUENCE:EFFET DU TAUX DOPAGE DE LA BASE
Authors:   Groupe International de Recherche en Energie Renouvelable(GIRER). BP. 15003, Dakar, Senegal., Ndiaye Malick , Sow Ousmane ,   Institut Universitaire de Technologie-Universite Iba Der THIAM de Thies-Senegal., Diop Gora ,   Groupe International de Recherche en Energie Renouvelable(GIRER). BP. 15003, Dakar, Senegal., Diatta Ibrahima ,   Groupe International de Recherche en Energie Renouvelable(GIRER). BP. 15003, Dakar, Senegal., Faye Dibor ,   Groupe International de Recherche en Energie Renouvelable(GIRER). BP. 15003, Dakar, Senegal., Mballo Oulimata ,   Groupe International de Recherche en Energie Renouvelable(GIRER). BP. 15003, Dakar, Senegal., Diagne Issa ,   Groupe International de Recherche en Energie Renouvelable(GIRER). BP. 15003, Dakar, Senegal., Sissoko Gregoire ,   Groupe International de Recherche en Energie Renouvelable(GIRER). BP. 15003, Dakar, Senegal.
Published: June 2022

La base de la photopile (n+/p/p+) au silicium a multi-jonctions verticalesconnactees en serie(MJVS) de dopage Nb, est placee sous illumination monochromatique (a(l)) en modulation de frequence(w). La resolution de lequation de diffusion relative a la densite des porteurs de charge photogeneresd(x, t) est constituee de termes tels que:-le coefficient de diffusion dynamique D(w, Nb) et les termes de recombinaison, fonction de la frequence de modulation de lexcitation lumineuse et du taux de dopage Nb-le taux de generation G(w, t)Les conditions aux limites despace prenant en compte les vitesses de recombinaison surfaciques (Sf) et Sb, respectivement a la jonction (n+/p) a la face arriere (p/p+), ont permis de completer la solution de lequation de diffusion des porteurs de charge photogeneres. De la densite des porteurs minoritaires d(x, t) solution de lequation de diffusion, obtenue dune base de taux de dopage Nb, la capacite de diffusion C(w, a(l), Sf, Sb, Nb) est deduite.La reponse capacitive a travers son amplitude et de sa phase, est etudiee lorsque la photopile est en mode de fonctionnement de court-circuit ou de circuit ouvert, a travers le diagramme de Bode et de Niquyst, pour differents cas de taux de dopage de la base.
PERIODIC PARALYSIS IN THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors:   Assistant Professor of Medicine USM-KLE International Medical Programme-(IMP) Belagavi, Karnataka India., Metri Shrikanth , B. Srinivas ,   Professor of Medicine USM-KLE International Medical Programme-(IMP) Belagavi, Karnataka India.
Published: June 2022

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is one of the rare manifestation thyrotoxicosis. In this case report, we present a 36-year-old man, who had lower limb weakness for one day on waking up.He has no family history of thyroid or neurological problems.Any cause of thyrotoxicosis maybe sufficient to trigger attacks in susceptible patients. In order to permanently repair the problem, the underlying hyperthyroid status must be rectified.
DREAD SITE OF RELAPSE IN GERM CELL TUMOR OF TESTIS
Authors:   Department of Radiology, National Institute of Oncology, UHC Ibn Sina, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco., Zahi H. , Ouali I. El ,   Department of Radiology, National Institute of Oncology, UHC Ibn Sina, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco., Jerguigue H. ,   Department of Radiology, National Institute of Oncology, UHC Ibn Sina, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco., Latib R. ,   Department of Radiology, National Institute of Oncology, UHC Ibn Sina, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco., Omor Y. ,   Department of Radiology, National Institute of Oncology, UHC Ibn Sina, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
Published: June 2022

Brain metastases from non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs) are rare and can occur as a synchronous or metachronous event in approximately 8-15% of cases. These metastases mainly concern young men in good clinical condition. Hence, aggressive treatment with surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapymight be advocated especially in large tumors. Prognosis remains poor and there is not much evidence on optimal management of these patients. We report the case of a 24-year-old young male with a history of a treatedyok sac tumor. Who showed monthslater a leptomeningeal metastasis. Then we discuss this patient prognosis supported with a review of case records of the literature.
HYDATID PULMONARY EMBOLISM: AN EXTREMELY RARE COMPLICATION OF HYDATID DISEASE
Authors: El Belidi Abir , El Ouartassi Hajar , Oukerraj Latifa , Cherti Mohamed
Published: June 2022

The location of hydatid cysts inside the pulmonary artery is extremely rare. The cause is usually the rupture of intracardiac cysts. Only a few case reports of hydatid pulmonary embolism are reported in the literature.Herein, we describe the clinical case of a young 30-year-old patient, functionally asymptomatic, in whom multiple hydatid pulmonary embolisms were discovered on a CT scan which was done as part of the extension assessment of a hydatid cyst. We will discuss the pathophysiology as well as the management of this case. Recognition of the unique radiologic findings of hydatid cyst embolization to the pulmonary arteries is critical for prompt diagnosis and institution of appropriate therapy.
FOOD USAGE OF MACROTERMES (ISOPTERA, TERMITIDAE) ALATES IN LOME (SOUTHERN TOGO)
Authors:   Ecole des Assistants Medicaux (EAM), Universite de Lome, 01BP : 1515, Lome - Togo., Mawabena Kadanga , Boris Dodji Kasseney ,   Faculte Des Sciences (FDS), Universite de Lome, 01BP : 1515, Lome - Togo., Bayi Reine Dossou ,   Ecole Superieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA), Universite de Lome, 01BP : 1515, Lome - Togo., Tetouwalla Awili ,   Ecole Superieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA), Universite de Lome, 01BP : 1515, Lome - Togo., Mamatchi Melila ,   Faculte Des Sciences (FDS), Universite de Lome, 01BP : 1515, Lome - Togo., Tchadjobo Tchacondo ,   Ecole Superieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA), Universite de Lome, 01BP : 1515, Lome - Togo., Adole Isabelle Glitho ,   Faculte Des Sciences (FDS), Universite de Lome, 01BP : 1515, Lome - Togo.
Published: June 2022

The consumption of insect including termites is gaining more interest nowadays even though many people still ignore the great benefit of enthomophagy. This study is a contribution to the valorization of Macrotermesalates in Lome (southern Togo). For this purpose, a survey was carried out in three municipalities of Golfe 3, Golfe 7 and Agoe-Nyive 1 (all located in the district of Lome) from June 14 to July 14, 2021. A total of 345 people were submitted to a set of questionary to assess the level of their knowledge and consequences related to the consumption of Macrotermes alates. The results revealed that more than 94% of the participants not only had a good knowledge of Macrotermes alates, but have also consumed them. Among the surveyed people, 48.67% consumed these alates for their taste while 28.67% consumed them for their nutritional value. Also, 43.70% of participants who had once consumed these alates, stated that they experienced gastrointestinal troubles following the consumption. Thus, although it is important to encourage the consumption of Macrotermes alates, hygienic precautions should be taken during the collection and processing of these alates in the interest of the health safety of consumers.
EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF WRAPAROUND CLING FILM ON THE REDUCTION OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION OF MOBILE PHONES IN THE DENTAL OPERATORY-A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION
Authors:   Postgraduate, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka., Maria James Aneena , V. Siddheswaran ,   Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka., N.M Dhanyakumar ,   Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka., Suman Shradha ,   Postgraduate, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka., Eliza James Annu ,   Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, MathrusriRamabai Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka.
Published: June 2022

Aim:To evaluate and compare the microbial contamination of mobile phones with or without a wraparound mobile phone cover. Material And Methods:34 dentists were included in the study and they were divided into 2 groups of 17 participants(group A and group B). Swabs were collected from the mobile phones of each participant as they reached the college, using a sterile swab impregnated with normal saline, aseptically. The mobile phones of all the participants were then disinfected.The phones of participants in group A were then covered using a wraparound cling film,whereas the phones of participants in group B were uncovered.By evening, samples were collected from each participantÂ’sphones.The samples were transported immediately to the microbiological laboratory for culture and identification of microorganisms.The swabs were streaked onto blood agar,McConkey agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar,the plates were then incubated at 37oC for 48 hours.Isolated microorganisms were identified using Gram stain, morphology, catalase and coagulase reaction. Results: Statistical analysis was donewith, Mann Whitneytest, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test,SPSS software. The results showed a statistically significant reduction in microbial growth in Group A as compared to that of group B for samples collected in the evening. Clinical Significance: Preventing cross infection. Conclusion: Mobile phones disinfected and covered with a wraparound cling film showed significant reduction in microbial growth indicating its use in the prevention of cross infection.
ELICITATION OF HIGH-QUALITY AND YIELD IN BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) MUTANT LINES IMPROVED BY GAMMA RAYS
Authors:   Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tekirdag NamÃ„Â±k Kemal, Turkey., Bilgin Oguz , Balkan Alpay ,   Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tekirdag NamÃ„Â±k Kemal, Turkey., Balaban Gocmen Damla ,   Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tekirdag NamÃ„Â±k Kemal, Turkey., Baser Ismet ,   Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tekirdag NamÃ„Â±k Kemal, Turkey.
Published: June 2022

The study was carried out to assess quality traits and grain yield of bread wheat mutant lines using an augmented experimental design in the 2014-2015 growing season. Considering the results of the experiment, large variations were noted between the means of mutant lines for PC (12.49-16.24%), ZSV (25.55-59.05 mL), WGC (26.76-39.06%), AE (227.3-343.3 10-4 joule), QI (2.104-4.196), TGW (34.1-55.9 g), TW (75.94-83.04 kg hl-1) and GY (4712-9715 kg ha-1). The 15 lines for GPC, 16 lines for ZSV, 13 lines for WGC, 15 lines for AE, 18 lines for QI, 30 lines for TGW, 11 lines for TW and 10 lines for GY have been found to perform compared to the parents. On the results of the quality traits, MT8, MT4, MT5, MT6, MT23, MT24, MT25, MT41, MT50 and MT51 were the best quality mutant lines for protein amount and quality, while the mutant lines with the best performance for grain yield were MT53, MT14, MT20, MT33, MT35, and MT19. By evaluating the research results together, it was determined that the mutant lines MT53, MT14, MT35 and MT11 had the best grain yield and quality performances. The better performances of mutant lines derived from generally well-adapted commercial parental genotypes indicate that they are the appropriate source material for mutation breeding. The mutant lines (MT53, MT14, MT35, MT20, MT33, MT11 and MT19) were selected for yield trials, and the high quality mutant lines were added to the genetic stock to be used for wheat quality improvement.
MILITARY CAMPAIGNS OF THE ALMORAVIDS IN AL-MAGHRIB (NORTH AFRICA) AND BILAD AL-SUDAN (WEST AFRICA) IN THE 11TH CENTURY
Authors:   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Azraai Jamsari Ezad , Mohd Amirol Ashraf Wan Mohd Badruddin Wan ,   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Zulfazdlee Abul Hassan Ashari Mohamad ,   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Suryani Mat Resad Izziah ,   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Published: June 2022

The Almoravid Kingdom played an important role in the course of history of Morocco (al-Maghrib) and the Bilad al-Sudan circa the 11th century A.D. Bennison argued that the Almoravid Kingdom originated from an Islamic reformation movement among the Sanhajah society. Through this movement, the Sanhajah communities were unified, forging a military alliance among them. The movement had a mission of spreading the true teachings of Islam through jihad. It is therefore the objective of this study to analyse the process of jihadi movement of the Almoravids in al-Maghrib and the Sudan in the 11th century A.D. In general, this article is a qualitative study, using a historical study and content analysis method in accumulating and analysing information available from relevant primary and secondary sources. Results of this study argued that the Almoravid Kingdom began with a reform movement led by Abd Allah ibn Yasin among the Sanhajahs. The movement evolved into a kingdom after seizing control important territories throughout al-Maghrib. This kingdom became more powerful under the leadership of Abu Bakr ibn Umar and Yusuf ibn Tashfin.
A CASE REPORT ON HILAR CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA WITH DUODENAL WHIPWORMS
Authors:   PharmD interns, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India, 686661., Elias George Eldhose , George Bony ,   Gastroenterologist and Interventional Endoscopist, Chazhikattu Hospital, Thodupuzha, 685584., Shaju Anjali ,   PharmD interns, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India, 686661., George Shaji ,   Professor & Principal, Holy Grace Academy of Pharmacy, Mala, Irinjalakuda, Kerala, India, 680732.
Published: June 2022

Hilarcholangiocarcinoma is a kind of bile duct cancer that develops in the bile ducts that exit the liver and connect to the gallbladder (hepatic ducts). Cholangiocarcinoma develops when the DNA of cells in the bile ducts changes. We present here a case of hilarcholangiocarcinoma associated with whipworms. The patient was admitted with chief complaints of pruritus, painless progressive jaundice, weight loss and loss of appetite for 3 weeks. Lab values, serology reports, USG scanning, MRCP and biopsy was suggestive of hilarcholangiocarcinoma and whipworms. The patient was given anthelminthic therapy for whipworms and sent to medical college for the tratment of carcinoma.
METHODS FOR EXTRACTION AND ISOLATION OF AGATHISFLAVONE FROM Poincianella pyramidalis
Authors: Nascimento Bruna , David Jorge
Published: June 2022

Agathisflavone is a natural biflavone with restricted occurrence in plants. This biflavone presents several biological activities and can be important to developing new drugs. Obtaining such a molecule on a large scale for in vivo tests is a challenge. To date, there are no reports regarding its synthesis; thus, it is important to improve and develop methods for the purification of this bioactive compound from natural sources. Previous studies indicated that the leaves of Poincianella pyramidalis (Leguminosae) had agathisflavone predominantly. However, obtaining this compound requires some steps of chromatographic procedures and extraction with organic solvents. This paper compares four procedures for the purification of agathisflavone from its leaves, two by traditional chromatographic techniques and by complexation with inorganic bases. The purification in the automatic flash chromatography in two steps provides a high-yield extraction; the two procedures using alkaline extraction and the traditional method reduced to three steps provided the compound with similar yields. The biflavone was identified by TLC, and HPLC analysis showed that it was isolated with > 99% of purity. Thus, the applied methodologies provided the purification of this compound employing less volume of solvents, the number of chromatographic column procedures, and time-consuming, with increased yields
QUIMIOMETRIA III – REVISITANDO A ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA DOS DADOS MULTIVARIADOS
Authors: Ferreira Márcia
Published: June 2022

CHEMOMETRICS III – REVISITING THE EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF MULTIVARIATE DATA. In this work, three methods for pattern recognition, used as exploratory data analysis, are revisited. A brief review of principal component analysis, PCA, an unsupervised method, is provided. Next, the Mahalanobis distance and the confidence ellipses usually drawn around the scores samples are discussed. Fisher’s canonical variate analysis (a supervised methodology) is the second method revisited in this work. The third exploratory data analysis methodology addressed is ANOVA-PCA, which uses the analysis of variance to separate variations into main effects, interaction and noise followed by principal component analysis. Unlike the other two, ANOVA-PCA was proposed recently and is still not yet explored in all its capabilities. One advantage of this method is the possibility to calculate the variance of each of the effects involved in the experimental design. The mathematical bases of the three methods are discussed as well as examples are presented.
Risk and damage-based optimal design of storm sewer networks using rational and fully dynamic methods, a case study (Tehran region 2)
Authors: Sadeghi Sonia , Samani Jamal Mohammad Vali , Samani Hossein Mohammad Vali
Published: June 2022

In this study, the risk analysis is used to determine the return period in which the design cost plus the damage risk cost is minimum. The damage includes the roads and traffic, the lawn areas, and the residential and commercial buildings. The traffic damage is based on two factors, time of delay and social negative impacts. The nonlinear reservoir model is used to convert the rainfall into runoff and the dynamic wave model is utilized to perform the network hydraulic simulation in stormwater management model (SWMM) software. This model is defined as an appropriate model. This model was applied in the risk analysis of a region in Tehran to obtain the optimal return period design. The results indicated that the optimal return period is 10 years. The rational method was also applied to the same region and same return period, but the total design cost of the rational method was greater by 5%. The damage due to the traffic include financial damages due to delays and loss of fuel resources in addition to the dissatisfaction of people due to the psychological burden.
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of A-Ring or E-Lactone Modified Water­ Soluble Prodrugs of 20(S)-Camptothecin, Including Development of Irinotecan Hydrochloride Trihydrate (CPT-11)
Authors: Sawada S. , Yokokura T. , Miyasaka T.
Published: June 2022

Camptothecin was converted into derivatives which have substituents on the A- and B­ rings . One potent and less toxic derivative , 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamp-tothecin (SN-38), was selected and then converted into glycosides, sulfates, phosphates and carbamates at the 10-hydroxyl group. Among these water-soluble, E-lactone-intact derivatives , the hydrochloride trihydrate of 7-ethyl-10 - [(4-piperidinopiperidine )carbony loxy]camptothecin(irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate , CPT-11) had a broad spectrum of antitumor activity and seems to be a promising anticancer agent with a new
mode of action. The E-lactone ring was modified for derivatization of camptothecin s which have no foothold on the A- or B­ring. The 17-0-acyl derivatives of the N,N-dimethylethylenediamine amide of camptothecin were stable in aqueous solution.
Good activity was dependent on enzymatic hydroly sis of the 17-0-acyl group of the amide to yield the 17-hydroxyl amide,
which was readily hydrolyzed under physiological conditions , thereby yielding the active lactone compound .
Exploring the Latent Mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction Formula
for Anti-atopic Dermatitis by Systems Pharmacology
Authors: Xia Zhelin , Chen Guirong , Xu Yubin , Liu Chang , Shu Sheng
Published: June 2022

Background:

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, which
does not have a specific drug presently. Huanglian jiedu decoction (HJD) is one of the effective
traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. The real material and mechanisms of HJD for AD are
not clear.

Objective:

Network pharmacology and in vivo experiments were used to explore the real material
and mechanisms of HJD for AD.

Methods:

A systems’ pharmacology approach that provides a comprehensive analysis of bioactive
compounds, targets, and pathway interactions was employed to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis
of HJD for AD. First, the compound databases were constructed for HJD, and compound targets
were predicted. Then, the hub targets of HJD were selected by degree centrality analysis and validated
using the molecular docking method. Finally, Compound-Target and Target-Pathway networks
were constructed to explore the latent mechanism of HJD for AD. Then, animal models of
AD were established, the pathology of the skin lesions was observed, and RT-PCR and ELISA
methods were used to verify the key targets in the serum of AD mice.

Results:

The results showed that 60 bioactive compounds (palmatine, wogonin, cavidine, etc.) of
HJD interacting with 169 related hub targets (PTGS2, HSP90AA1, etc.) were authenticated. HJD
potentially participates in response to stimuli, biological regulation, and reproduction through the
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, and Fc epsilon RI
signaling pathway, which are interrelated to the pathogenesis of AD. Compared with the control
group, the thickening of the epidermis in the model group was obvious with inflammatory cells infiltrating,
the levels of PI3K, AKT, JNK, ERK, IL-4 and TNF-α were up-regulated; and 6.4g/kg
and 12.8g/kg HJD could significantly reduce the thickening of the epidermis and infiltration of inflammatory
cells, down-regulate the levels of PI3K, AKT, JNK, ERK, IL-4 and TNF-α in the AD
mice. HJD might exert its anti-AD effects by downregulating key indicators (PI3K, AKT, JNK,
ERK, IL-4, and TNF-α) in the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways.

Conclusions:

Our study could help us understand the compound and mechanism of HJD for AD.
Moreover, it had a guidance function to change the traditional arrangement of formula for HJD.
Identification of Human Protein Subcellular Location with Multiple Networks
Authors: Chen Lei , Wang Rui
Published: June 2022

Background:

Protein function is closely related to its location within the cell. Determination of protein subcellular location is helpful in uncovering its functions. However, traditional biological experiments to determine the subcellular location are of high cost and low efficiency, which cannot meet today’s needs. In recent years, many computational models have been set up to identify the subcellular location of proteins. Most models use features derived from protein sequences. Recently, features extracted from the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network have become popular in studying various protein-related problems.

Objective:

A novel model with features derived from multiple PPI networks was proposed to predict protein subcellular location.

Methods:

Protein features were obtained by a newly designed network embedding algorithm, Mnode2vec, which is a generalized version of the classic Node2vec algorithm. Two classic classification algorithms: support vector machine and random forest, were employed to build the model.

Results:

Such model provided good performance and was superior to the model with features extracted by Node2vec. Also, this model outperformed some classic models. Furthermore, Mnode2vec was found to produce powerful features when the path length was small.

Conclusion:

The proposed model can be a powerful tool to determine protein subcellular location, and Mnode2vec can efficiently extract informative features from multiple networks.
Transition Metal-catalyzed Regioselective Direct C-H Arylations Using
Quinone Diazide as Arylating Agent: A Mini Review
Authors: Das Partha Pratim , Das Debapratim
Published: June 2022

Quinone diazides are a class of diazo compounds, having a planar six-membered ring system with diazo, carbonyl and al-kene groups in conjugation. Earlier it was used in optical, electronic, polymer materials etc. In the last few years, various rearrangements reactions and insertion reactions were explored by these diazo compounds via the formation of metallo-carbenoids. Recently, it has been used to incorporate phenol moieties to hydrocarbons or arene/heteroarenes systems via transition metal-catalyzed C-H bond activation. The reactions proceed via C-H bond insertion or migratory insertion of metal-carbenes. In many cases, the site-selectivities were obtained by the guidance of various directing groups (remova-ble or non-removable). At the same time, several asymmetric approaches were also studied to incorporate phenol deriv-atives to arenes/heteroarenes furnishing compounds showing axial chirality with high stereoselectivity. In this review, we will mainly focus on directed regioselective arylation with quinone diazides under transition metal catalysis through C-H bond activation.
Calorie Restriction and Extracellular ATP on Health and Longevity-
A Perspective
Authors: Agraharam Gopikrishna , Girigoswami Agnishwar , Girigoswami Koyeli
Published: June 2022

Oxidative stress is known to be generated within the organism by endogenous cellular
mechanisms and can also be generated by external factors. Oxidative stress is known to be involved
in various disease pathologies such as cancer, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular diseases, ageing,
etc. The chronic/acute exposure to oxidative stress can easily damage cellular integrity
through damaging the cellular DNA, mitochondrial DNA, proteins and other organelles that
leads to malfunctioning of organs in the process of ageing. Mitochondrial respiration is one of
the causes involved in the production of reactive oxygen species while generating bioenergetics
(ATP) that provide energy to the cell for maintaining the cellular integrity through the electron
transport chain mechanism, and on the other hand, it generates free-radicals that could cause
damage to the cellular organelles and biomolecules. In relation to this context, longevity through
the calorie restriction method could be due to the generation of lower reactive oxygen species
and age-related diseases in vivo but accelerating loss of brain’s grey matter could be due to the
depletion of energy. This is because intracellular ATP is the vital source of energy and extracellular
ATP acts as signalling molecules. Using advanced technology such as nanotechnology for
the internalization of extracellular ATP, and using it as an external source of energy could maintain
cellular integrity and improve the healthy longevity status when combined with the calorie
restriction method. In this perspective article, we have presented a brief overview and a hypothesis
suggesting that the calorie restriction and extracellular ATP treatment could circumvent the
mitochondrial pathway and alleviate oxidative stress, thereby improving health and enhancing
longevity.
Exploring the Nursing Care Process for Patients with COVID-19: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Karimi Zohreh , Saeedinejad Zaker , Fereidouni Zhila , Behnammoghadam Mohammad , Mirzaee Mohammad Saeed , Mousavizadeh Ali , Fazelniya Zahra
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

A specific model and process of nursing care for patients with COVID-19 has yet to be developed. However, nurses are navigating how to care for patients and themselves in a novel and stressful work environment. A care process is needed that promotes effective nursing for patients’ health and well-being.

Objective:

This study aimed to explore the current nursing care process for patients with COVID-19.

Methods:

The present qualitative study used a grounded theory approach. Participants included 23 nurses working in a hospital COVID-19 ward who were selected through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurses, and data were simultaneously analyzed using MAXQDA software to code the data. Grounded theory with a storyline approach was used to categorize codes to elucidate themes from interviews and check for data saturation. This consists of several steps, including open coding, developing concepts in terms of their properties and dimensions, analyzing data for context, bringing the process into the analysis, and integrating categories.

Results:

Data analysis revealed seven main categories to describe nurses’ conceptions of the care process for COVID-19 patients: ‘patients’ complicated condition’, ‘severe nursing staff shortage’, ‘nursing professionalism’, ‘treatment team collaboration’, ‘work and environmental pressure’, ‘efficacy of care’ and ‘care deficit’. The category of ‘nursing professionalism’ was determined to be the core concept that nurses used to describe their care process.

Conclusion:

Though nurses think highly of their efficacy of care for patients with COVID-19, they face many challenges in their care process that lessen the care they are able to provide for patients and themselves. These include the complex health status of patients, shortage of staff, environmental stresses such as becoming infected, and lack of resources in the hospital. The results of the present study can be used for planning in various fields of nursing, including management, education and clinical training.
Artificial Intelligence Approach in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Denysenko Anastasiia , Savchenko Taras , Dovbysh Anatolii , Romaniuk Anatolii , Moskalenko Roman
Published: June 2022

Background. Prostate cancer is one of the most common male malignancies worldwide that ranks second in cancer-related mortality. Artificial intelligence can reduce subjectivity and improve the efficiency of prostate cancer diagnosis using fewer resources as compared to standard diagnostic scheme.

This review aims to highlight the main concepts of prostate cancer diagnosis and artificial intelligence application and to determine achievements, current trends, and potential research directions in this field, using bibliometric analysis.

Materials and Methods.The studies on the application of artificial intelligence in the morphological diagnosis of prostate cancer for the past 35 years were searched for in the Scopus database using “artificial intelligence” and “prostate cancer” keywords. The selected studies were systematized using Scopus bibliometric tools and the VOSviewer software.

Results. The number of publications in this research field has drastically increased since 2016, with most research carried out in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. They can be divided into three thematic clusters and three qualitative stages in the development of this research field in timeline aspect.

Conclusions. Artificial intelligence algorithms are now being actively developed, playing a huge role in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Further development and improvement of artificial intelligence algorithms have the potential to automate and standardize the diagnosis of prostate cancer.