bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of secondary ice production on Arctic stratocumulus
Authors: Sotiropoulou Georgia , Sullivan Sylvia , Savre Julien , Lloyd Gary , Lachlan-Cope Thomas , Ekman Annica M. L. , Nenes Athanasios
Published: February 2020

Abstract. In situ measurements of Arctic clouds frequently show that ice
crystal number concentrations (ICNCs) are much higher than the number of
available ice-nucleating particles (INPs), suggesting that secondary ice production (SIP) may be active. Here we use a Lagrangian parcel model (LPM) and a
large-eddy simulation (LES) to investigate the impact of three SIP mechanisms
(rime splintering, break-up from ice–ice collisions and drop shattering) on
a summer Arctic stratocumulus case observed during the Aerosol-Cloud Coupling And
Climate Interactions in the Arctic (ACCACIA) campaign. Primary ice alone
cannot explain the observed ICNCs, and drop shattering is ineffective in the
examined conditions. Only the combination of both rime splintering (RS) and
collisional break-up (BR) can explain the observed ICNCs, since both of these
mechanisms are weak when activated alone. In contrast to RS, BR is currently
not represented in large-scale models; however our results indicate that
this may also be a critical ice-multiplication mechanism. In general, low
sensitivity of the ICNCs to the assumed INP, to the cloud condensation nuclei
(CCN) conditions and also to the choice of BR parameterization is found.
Finally, we show that a simplified treatment of SIP, using a LPM constrained
by a LES and/or observations, provides a realistic yet computationally
efficient way to study SIP effects on clouds. This method can eventually
serve as a way to parameterize SIP processes in large-scale models.
Climate and air quality impacts due to mitigation of non-methane near-term climate forcers
Authors: Allen Robert J. , Turnock Steven , Nabat Pierre , Neubauer David , Lohmann Ulrike , Olivie Dirk , Oshima Naga , Michou Martine , Wu Tongwen , Zhang Jie , Takemura Toshihiko , Schulz Michael , Tsigaridis Kostas , Bauer Susanne E. , Emmons Louisa , Horowitz Larry , Naik Vaishali , van Noije Twan , Bergman Tommi , Lamarque Jean-Francois , Zanis Prodromos , Tegen Ina , Westervelt Daniel M. , Le Sager Philippe , Good Peter , Shim Sungbo , O'Connor Fiona , Akritidis Dimitris , Georgoulias Aristeidis K. , Deushi Makoto , Sentman Lori T. , Fujimori Shinichiro , Collins William J.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Over the next few decades, policies that optimally address both climate change and air quality are essential. Although targeting near-term climate forcers (NTCFs), defined here as aerosols, tropospheric ozone and precursor gases (but not methane), should improve air quality, NTCF reductions will also impact climate. How future policies affect the abundance of NTCFs and their impact on climate and air quality remains uncertain. Here, we quantify the 2015–2055 climate and air quality effects of non-methane NTCFs using state-of-the-art chemistry-climate model simulations conducted for the Aerosol and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP). Simulations are driven by two future scenarios featuring similar increases in greenhouse gases (GHGs) but with weak versus strong levels of air quality control measures. Unsurprisingly, we find significant improvements in air quality under NTCF mitigation (strong versus weak air quality controls). Surface ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) decrease by −15 % and −25 %, respectively, over global land surfaces, with larger reductions in some regions including south and southeast Asia. Non-methane NTCF mitigation, however, leads to additional climate change due to the removal of aerosol which causes a net warming effect, including global mean surface temperature and precipitation increases of 0.24 K and 1.1 %, respectively, with similar increases in extreme weather indices. Regionally, the largest warming and wetting trends occur over Asia, including central and north Asia (0.56 K and 2.1 %), south Asia (0.48 K and 4.6 %) and east Asia (0.44 K and 4.7 %). Relatively large warming and wetting of the Arctic also occurs at 0.41 K and 2.1 %, respectively. Similar surface warming occurs in model simulations with aerosol-only mitigation, implying weak cooling due to ozone reductions. Our findings suggest that future policies that aggressively target non-methane NTCF reductions will improve air quality, but will lead to additional surface warming, particularly in Asia and the Arctic. Policies that address other NTCFs including methane, as well as carbon dioxide emissions, must also be adopted to meet mitigation goals.
A long-term (1965–2015) ecological marine database from the LTER-Italy Northern Adriatic Sea site: plankton and oceanographic observations
Authors: Acri Francesco , Bastianini Mauro , Bernardi Aubry Fabrizio , Camatti Elisa , Boldrin Alfredo , Bergami Caterina , Cassin Daniele , De Lazzari Amelia , Finotto Stefania , Minelli Annalisa , Oggioni Alessandro , Pansera Marco , Sarretta Alessandro , Socal Giorgio , Pugnetti Alessandra
Published: February 2020

Abstract. In this paper we describe a 50-year (1965–2015) ecological database
containing data collected in the northern Adriatic Sea (NAS) at one of the 25
research parent sites belonging to the Italian Long Term Ecological Research
Network (LTER-Italy, http://www.lteritalia.it, last access: February 2020). LTER-Italy is a formal
member of the International (https://www.ilter.network, last access: February 2020) and
European (http://www.lter-europe.net/, last access: February 2020) LTER networks. The NAS
is undergoing a process, led by different research institutions and
projects, of establishing a marine ecological observatory, building
on the existing facilities, infrastructure, and long-term ecological data.
During this process, the implementation of open-access and open-science
principles has been started by creating an open-research life cycle that involves
sharing ideas and results (scientific papers), data (raw and processed),
metadata, methods, and software. The present data paper is framed within
this wider context. The database is composed of observations on abiotic
parameters and phytoplankton and zooplankton abundances, collected during 299 cruises
in different sampling stations, in the Gulf of Venice in particular. Here we
describe the sampling and analytical activities, the parameters, and
the structure of the database. The database is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3516717 (Acri et al., 2019), and it was also
uploaded in the DEIMS-SDR repository (Dynamic Ecological Information
Management System – Site and Dataset Registry, https://deims.org/), which is the official site and data registry for the
International LTER network.
Extratropical-cyclone-induced sea surface temperature anomalies in the 2013–2014 winter
Authors: Dacre Helen F. , Josey Simon A. , Grant Alan L. M.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The 2013–2014 winter averaged sea surface temperature (SST) was anomalously cool in the mid-North Atlantic region. This season was also unusually stormy, with extratropical cyclones passing over the mid-North Atlantic every 3 d. However, the processes by which cyclones contribute towards seasonal SST anomalies are not fully quantified. In this paper a cyclone identification and tracking method is combined with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmosphere and ocean reanalysis fields to calculate cyclone-relative net surface heat flux anomalies and resulting SST changes. Anomalously large negative heat flux is located behind the cyclones' cold front, resulting in anomalous cooling up to 0.2 K d−1 when the cyclones are at maximum intensity. This extratropical-cyclone-induced “cold wake” extends along the cyclones' cold front but is small compared to climatological variability in the SSTs. To investigate the potential cumulative effect of the passage of multiple cyclone-induced SST cooling in the same location, we calculate Earth-relative net surface heat flux anomalies and resulting SST changes for the 2013–2014 winter period. Anomalously large winter averaged negative heat flux occurs in a zonally orientated band extending across the North Atlantic between 40 and 60∘ N. The 2013–2014 winter SST cooling anomaly associated with air–sea interactions (ASIs; anomalous heat flux, mixed layer depth and entrainment at the base of the ocean mixed layer) is estimated to be −0.67 K in the mid-North Atlantic (68 % of the total cooling anomaly). The role of cyclones is estimated using a cyclone-masking technique which encompasses each cyclone centre and its cold wake. The environmental flow anomaly in 2013–2014 sets the overall tripole pattern of heat flux anomalies over the North Atlantic. However, the presence of cyclones doubles the magnitude of the negative heat flux anomaly in the mid-North Atlantic. Similarly, the environmental flow anomaly determines the location of the SST cooling anomaly, but the presence of cyclones enhances the SST cooling anomaly. Thus air–sea interactions play a major part in determining the extreme 2013–2014 winter season SST cooling anomaly. The environmental flow anomaly determines where anomalous heat flux and associated SST changes occur, and the presence of cyclones influences the magnitude of those anomalies.
Oncicola luehei IN A WILD CRAB-EATING RACCOON (Procyon cancrivorus) FROM THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO SAVANNA
Authors: Oliveira Wilson Junior , Luiz Quagliatto Santos Andre , Viotto de Souza Wilson , Elizabeth Iannini Custódio Ana , Guilherme Lux-Hoppe Estevam , Rosalinski-Moraes Fernanda
Published: February 2020

The occurrence of Oncicola luehei is reported in a road killed crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) near the municipality of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais State. The animal was collected as part of a study that monitors wildlife road killing in the Triângulo Mineiro region. In necropsy, a single male acanthocephalan was recovered from the large intestine. The parasite was wrinkled, whitish in color, with a total body length of 15.88mm, globular proboscis (0.71 x 0.81mm) armed with 36 spiraled hooks, long lemniscus (7.30 x 0.81 mm) surpassing the anterior testis. The testes were ellipsoid in shape, disposed in tandem, the anterior measuring 1.44 x 0.53mm and the posterior 1.5 x 0.50mm. At the posterior part of the body, eight cement glands arranged in two rows of four, measuring 0.38 x 0.46 mm each. Based on this, the parasite was classified as Oncicola luehei. This study represents a new host and locality records for the parasite.KEY WORDS: Helminthology; Acanthocephala; wildlife; road killing; Brazil.
Analytical Causative Constructions in Batak Toba Language
Authors: Sianturi Srisofian , Mulyadi .
Published: February 2020

This study aims to examine analytical causative constructions in Batak Toba Language (BTL). Every language has a way to construct the causative construction. This study is qualitative research and the researcher functioned as the key instrument and the data obtained and analyzed were qualitative. Data analyzed were obtained from the speakers of BTL as well as from written text, through observation, interview, and introspection. The interview included asking questions and elicitating the data by the researcher. The results showed that the analytical causative constructions in BTL are marked by the verbs mambahen, manuru, mandasdasi, manarea, mangarodi, mamompom, mangido, and manjalo. Empirical evidence revealed that the analytical causative construction in BTL tends to have S-V-V-O and S-V-O-V word order. Data analysis shows that the use of complex sentences with two clauses can be coupled in one sentence. The semantic meaning of causative verb in each sentence was different when the verb is attached to intentional feature sangajo. The study concludes that the analytical causative construction in BTL is formed by bi-clausal structure.
Toward a Decolonial Feminist Imaginary: Decolonizing Futurity
Authors: Mendieta Eduardo
Published: February 2020

This article takes up the work of Bottici, Cornell, and Perez in order to expand on Lugones's inchoate notion of a decolonial feminist imaginary. The claim is that decolonial feminism is also the elaboration of a decolonial feminist imaginary that challenges the colonial/modern imaginary of global capitalism. The article also takes up Lugones's critique of Mignolo's notion of “colonial difference,” which is found to be incoherent and even dangerous.
A comprehensive analysis of #Enuresis conversation on Twitter
Authors: Yu Justin , Balasubramanian Adithya , Gerber Jonathan A. , Seth Abhishek
Published: February 2020

Introduction: We sought to perform a quantitative and qualitative analysis of online Twitter discussion of enuresis using the hashtag #Enuresis.

Methods: Symplur, a fee-based Twitter analytics service, was employed to aggregate and analyze Twitter activity, users, and content for #Enuresis, the official Twitter hashtag for enuresis, between June 2016 and November 2018. Twitter activity was analyzed using average tweets and new users per month. Users were classified based on geographic location, occupation, and organizational affiliation. Content analysis was performed by retrieving information about Twitter engagement metrics, including retweets, links, media, mentions, replies, and frequently used words and hashtags.

Results: A total of 3133 tweets and 1555 users utilizing #Enuresis were identified between June 28, 2016 and November 28, 2018. The average ± standard deviation [SD] number of tweets using #Enuresis per month were not significantly different from 2016 through 2018 (p=0.292). The number of users increased from six to 1555 during the study period, but there was no statistically significant increase in number of new users per month (p=0.346). Physicians comprised 14% of the top 100 influencers followed by medical device organizations (13%). Popular hashtags in #Enuresis tweets were #Bedwetting, #PisEnLaCama, #schoolnurses, #helpingkids, #ninos, and #salud. Hyperlinks used in #Enuresis tweets included advocacy, academic, commercial, and other social media websites.

Conclusions: Our analysis of #Enuresis demonstrates that the online Twitter discussion regarding enuresis is growing. These results indicate that enuresis has a global appeal and has especially gained traction in European countries, as well as in the U.S.
Findings From the Development Communication Through the Social Lab Project Entitled “ECT Imparts Knowledge to Local Communities”
Authors: Thamwipat Kuntida , Princhankol Pornpapatsorn
Published: February 2020

This research was aimed to develop media and activities through the social lab project entitled “ECT imparts knowledge to local communities”. In this research, the focus of social lab for Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi was the community of Bangchan, Tambon Bangchan, Amphoe Mueang, Phetchaburi Province. The topic was how to use online media safely and creatively. The quality of the media and activities would be evaluated and the findings from the development communication through the social lab project would involve the perception and satisfaction of the sampling group towards the social lab project entitled “ECT imparts knowledge to local communities” which was organized in the first semester of the academic year 2019. The tools in this research were an evaluation form for the quality of contents and media presentation, a questionnaire on the perception and a questionnaire on the satisfaction of the sampling group towards the project. The sampling group consisted of 60 people who lived in the community of Bangchan, Phetchaburi Province for at least 3 years and participated in the project “ECT imparts knowledge to local communities” at Wat Photaimanee from the beginning till the end and voluntarily participated in the research project. They were chosen using purposive sampling method. The research findings showed that the project organizers developed different kinds of media and activities including vinyl, leaflets, video clips, PowerPoint slides along with demonstration and workshop sessions to the sampling group. The project organizers were the researchers and undergraduate students who enrolled in the ETM 361 Presentation Skill 2 course. The media and activities were designed by the project organizers and evaluated by 3 experts in contents and 3 experts in media presentation. The results of the quality evaluation in terms of contents were at a good level (  x  = 4.44, S.D = 0.71) and the results of the quality evaluation in terms of media presentation were at a good level  (  x = 4.22, S.D = 0.72). The findings from the development communication through the social lab project showed that the level of perception of the sampling group towards the project was at a high level (  x = 4.50, S.D = 0.70). The sampling group expressed the highest level of satisfaction towards the project ( x = 4.78, S.D = 0.42). The findings confirmed the research hypotheses. It can be concluded that the findings from the development communication through the social lab project entitled “ECT imparts knowledge to local communities” at the community of Bangchan, Phetchaburi Province and the topic of how to use online media safely and creatively were of good quality. They can be applied in other communities in the future.
SUPPRESS OR ACCEPT? A PILOT STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF COPING STRATEGIES ON ERN AMPLITUDE AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE TRAITS
Authors: Zambrano-Vazquez Laura , Szabo Yvette Z. , Santerre Craig Lee , Allen John J.B.
Published: February 2020

Intrusive thoughts are characteristic of psychological disorders; attempts to cope can become maladaptive perpetuating the problem (e.g., thought suppression), while others can provide long-term symptoms relief (e.g., acceptance). Although emerging research begins to explore the neural correlates of these strategies in healthy population, it is important to explore these strategies in populations more likely to naturally attempt to use such strategies (clinical symptoms). The present study explored if the use of cognitive strategies to manage intrusive cognitions would be differentially reflected in psychophysiological measures (i.e., error-related negativity) of individuals characterized by obsessive-compulsive symptoms -a group commonly associated with suppression efforts- relative to a low OC control.

67 participants with high and low OC symptoms were randomly assigned to cognitive strategy (suppression or acceptance). Participants watched an emotion-eliciting video clip and used the assigned cognitive strategy while performing the Stroop task. EEG data was collected.

Consistent with well-established and emerging literature, ERN was enhanced in individuals with high OC symptoms and a marginal effect of thought-control strategy was observed, such that ERN amplitude was reduced in the suppression condition and greater for the acceptance condition.

Uniquely, the study expanded on emerging literature by exploring whether the relationship between ERN and cognitive strategies was moderated by OC level. Although results were not conclusive, these preliminary findings represent an important first step to study effects of suppression and acceptance on the ERN in a sample characterized by clinically-relevant symptoms and overall encourage further exploration.
COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTIONS IN A MINIMALLY VERBAL (MV) PATIENT WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD)
Authors: Markiewicz Katarzyna , Kaczmarek Bożydar L.J. , Kropotov Juri D. , MacQueen Weronika D. , MacQueen Bruce D. , Pachalska Maria
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to examine the neurophysiological correlates of cognitive dysfunctions in a patient with the minimally verbal variant of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD + MV), who after reaching adulthood showed progressive deterioration of his cognitive skills.

The patient was a 25-year-old male, diagnosed with ASD. He never developed spoken language, and communicated only by gesturing or writing on a computer.

Our findings confirmed comorbidity of ASD and epilepsy, accompanied by dysfunction of cognitive control. We also found that spontaneous EEG and event-related potentials (ERPs) in a cued GO/NOGO task can be used to assess functional brain changes concomitant with ASD.
PREDICTORS FOR DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY AND AT-RISK CHILDREN
Authors: Rashikj-Canevska Olivera , Karovska-Ristovska Aleksandra , Bojadzhi Marija
Published: February 2020

The first three years of life (zero to three) are a period of great importance when discovering the congenital, as well as the acquired disorders and developmental delays. Recognizing milestones and manifestations of certain behaviors helps us identify developmental delays and disruptions. With this research we intended to determine the segments of developmental achievements and developmental discrepancies of psycho-motor development (general development achievements, motor functions, surrounding motor functions and communication) in infancy and early childhood (zero to three years old) in three groups of respondents.

The research sample included 104 respondents. Sixty-three of them had been diagnosed with cerebral palsy (thirty-three were without comorbidity convulsions, and thirty were with comorbidity convulsions-epilepsy), and forty-one respondents were born with a risk factor for a developmental delay. The research was conducted using the standardized developmental instrument Chuturic Developmental Scale for evaluation of the psycho-motor development, which encompasses oculomotorics, emotional development, speech, hearing-motor reactions, communication, socialization and verbalization, of infants and small children.

The analysis of results concluded that there is a discrepancy in the developmental achievements of the three groups of respondents. Based on analysis of the values of the Global Development Coefficient (GDC), we have determined that the most affected group is the group of children with cerebral palsy and comorbidity convulsions where the average value of GDC is 47.77.

Early and precision diagnostics, as well as knowledge of the developmental characteristics of different categories of developmental delays will improve the prognosis and contribute to better utilization of the brain plasticity in children with cerebral damage and children born at risk. Early intervention and stimulation are more than necessary to maximize the child's full potential, reduce the primary effects of the damage or prevent secondary damages and difficulties.
HEMIFACIAL ASYMMETRIES IN AGE PERCEPTION: THE LEFT CHEEK LOOKS OLDER FOR FEMALES, BUT NOT MALES
Authors: Lindell Annukka K. , Cianchetta Rhiannon O. , Azim Sana M. , Freeman Cody G. , de Oliveira Nicole C. , Saban Sakire , Messina Julia L. , Wilson Kira Elise , Egan Alanna , Caspar Megan D. , Grey Emma J. , McDonald Bryce A. , Croxford Kylie N. , Bui Thu Trang , Aiello Ashley A. , Heywood-Smith Victoria M. , Kidd Andrew J. , Stanley Shenae C. , Wakeling Alarna , Hoggan Stephanie A.L. , Morriss Ashleigh S. , Trinh Thi Phuong Mai , Thai-Nguyen Hong , Fonte Melissa , Agolli Franceska
Published: February 2020

The left hemiface expresses emotion more intensely than the right. Because emotional expressions contract the facial muscles and wrinkle the skin, theoretically the left hemiface’s greater expressivity should prompt more pronounced expression lines and wrinkles on the left than right side of the face. As wrinkles are the most salient age cue, we investigated whether the left hemiface consequently appears older than the right.

Two hundred and sixty participants (F=148; M=112) viewed booklets containing pairs of left-left and right-right chimeric faces of eight models (M=F). For each trial participants were asked to make a two alternative forced choice response indicating which image looked older.

Results confirmed a left cheek bias, with participants more likely to select left-left than right-right chimeras. Whilst participant gender did not influence perceptions, model gender predicted cheek selections: responses to female models drive the overall left cheek bias. The left cheek (56.8%) appeared older than the right cheek (43.2%) for female models, whereas there was little difference in perceived age between male models' left (50.8%) and right (49.2%) cheeks.

Given that youth influences perceptions of female beauty, these findings complement previous research and offer a potential explanation for why the left side of females’ faces are judged less attractive: the right cheek appears younger.
Collagen Therapy in Lumbar Spondylosis – a Pilot Study. Does the Route of Administration Matter?
Authors: Godek Piotr
Published: February 2020

Background. To compare the effectiveness of three techniques of collagen injection in the treatment of low back pain (LBP) in lumbar spondylosis.
Material and methods. In this randomized prospective study, 30 patients with lumbar spondylosis were assigned to 3 groups: subcutaneous (Group A, n = 10), periradicular (Group B, n = 10) and epidural (Group C, n = 10). Collagen injections were administered once a week (4 injections in total). Assessment involved a visual pain scale (VAS) (0-10), Oswestry scale (0-50), Laitinen scale (0-16) and One Leg Stance Test (OLST) – time to onset of pain in the support limb. Patients were assessed at the start of treatment (W0), on completion of treatment (W1) and 1 month after completion of treatment (W2).
Results. Improvement was seen with all three techniques of collagen administration. The minimal clinically important difference (MID) of 3 points on the VAS scale was noted in 44% of patients in Group A, 40% of patients in Group B and 60% of Group C. The MID for the Oswestry scale, determined at 10 points, was achieved in 56%, 50% and 20% of patients, respectively, while the MID for the Laitinen scale, determined at 4 points, was achieved in 56%, 30% and 40% of patients, respectively. All treated patients achieved the reference value of 30 seconds for OLST only in Group A.
Conclusion. Subcutaneous administration of collagen is not inferior in terms of effectiveness to periradicular and epidural injections in the treatment of LBP in lumbar spondylosis.
The European citizens’ initiative. Over one million support, and what next?
Authors: Zdanowicz Mieczysława
Published: February 2020

The subject of the analysis in this article are European citizens’ initiatives, which during 12 months gained the support of over 1 million of the EU citizens from at least seven Member States. The aim of the article is to examine, what actions have been taken in these matters by the European Commission. The following research questions were posed: (1) What was the effect of the Commission’s call to submit, under its power, proposals, for which, in the opinion of the citizens supporting the initiative, the application of the Treaties requires a legal act of the Union? (2) What actions has the Commission taken and what is their justification? The analysis demonstrates that these initiatives have been taken into account by the Commission to a very small extent in the procedures for establishing legislative acts of the European Union. Therefore, it is reasonable to amend the Regulation on the European Citizens’ Initiative.
The properties of thermal sprayed aluminium
coatings on non-alloy structural steel
Authors: Czupryński A.
Published: February 2020

Purpose: of this paper was comparison of the structure, hardness and erosive wear of
aluminium coatings produced on non-alloy structural steel S355JR (EN 10025-2) using the
powder flame spraying and wire arc spraying methods.
Design/methodology/approach: The latest model of flame powder sprayer and wire arc
sprayer was used in the experiments. This provided very reliable spraying conditions. The
additional material for flame-spraying was of Metco 54NS-1 pure aluminium powder (EN AW
1100 series). In the arc spraying process the Metco Aluminium (EN AW 1100 series) 1.6 mm
diameter pure aluminium thermal spray wire was used. In each spraying technology binding
alloy, i.e. Ni-Al, was employed as a primer coating. The used spray processes produced
dense, abrasion and erosion resistant coatings approximal 1.0 mm thick. Aluminium
coatings were characterized in accordance with ASTM G 76-95 erosion resistance tests,
ASTM C 633-01 adhesion strength, HV 0.1 hardness tests and metallographic analyses. The
scope of research included: preparation material for spraying, selection of properly process
parameters for each sprayed technique based on preliminary technological tests, coatings
manufacturing, examining the structure and tribological properties of aluminium coatings,
comparison of obtained samples.
Findings: The obtained results have proven superior properties of arc sprayed aluminium
material coatings and have shown to be promising in industrial applications.
Research limitations/implications: The presented test results are a preliminary
assessment of the properties of thermally sprayed aluminium coatings. Therefore, further
research is required regarding the resistance of aluminium coatings to abrasion and corrosion.
Practical implications: The study is focused on selecting the best and most economical
technique for manufacturing of wear and corrosion resistance aluminium coatings with a
thickness of approximately 1 mm.
Originality/value: It has been demonstrated that the use of a Ni-Al primer coating
improves the adhesion of flame and arc sprayed aluminium coatings to steel surfaces.
Resolving the Ophioderma longicauda (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) cryptic species complex: five sisters, three of them new
Authors: Stöhr Sabine , Weber Alexandra Anh-Thu , Boissin Emilie , Chenuil Anne
Published: February 2020

The conspicuous Mediterranean brittle star Ophioderma longicauda (Bruzelius, 1805) has been discovered to represent a cryptic species complex, consisting of six nuclear clusters with contrasting reproductive modes (broadcast spawners and brooders). Here, O. longicauda is re-described. It is distinguished by a dark reddish-brown colouration both dorsally and on the ventral disc, and multiple tumid dorsal arm plates. One eastern Mediterranean brooding cluster is described as O. zibrowii sp. nov., characterized by a dark olive-green colour both dorsally and on the ventral disc, and single dorsal arm plates. Another brooder is described from Tunisia as O. hybrida sp. nov., with a highly variable morphology that reflects its origin by hybridization of O. longicauda and a brooder (possibly O. zibrowii sp. nov.), leaving the third brooding cluster as morphologically indistinguishable at this point and possibly conspecific with one of the others. The West-African O. guineense Greef, 1882 is resurrected as a valid species, differing morphologically from O. longicauda by predominantly single dorsal arm plates and light green or creamy white ventral side. Also from West Africa, O. africana sp. nov. is described, characterized by a dark brown colour, dorsally and ventrally, and single dorsal arm plates.
Internet Reviews
Authors: Roberts Joni R. , Drost Carol A.
Published: February 2020

Literary Hub: The Best of the Literary InternetThe Macaulay Library: Cornell Lab of OrnithologyWomen Writers Project (WWP)
Order-preserving Drawings of Trees with Approximately Optimal Height (and Small Width)
Authors: Batzill Johannes , Biedl Therese
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we study how to draw trees so that they are planar, straight-line and respect a given order of edges around each node. We focus on minimizing the height, and show that we can always achieve a height of at most $2pw(T)+1$, where $pw(T)$ (the so-called pathwidth) is a known lower bound on the height of the tree $T$.
Hence our algorithm provides an asymptotic 2-approximation to the optimal
height. The width of such a drawing may not be a polynomial in the
number of nodes. Therefore
we give a second way of creating drawings where the
height is at most $3pw(T)$, and where the width can be bounded by the number of nodes. Finally we construct trees $T$ that require height $2pw(T)+1$ in all planar order-preserving straight-line drawings.
On the Circumference of Essentially 4-connected Planar Graphs
Authors: Fabrici Igor , Harant Jochen , Mohr Samuel , Schmidt Jens
Published: February 2020

A planar graph is essentially $4$-connected if it is 3-connected and every of its 3-separators is the neighborhood of a single vertex. Jackson and Wormald proved that every essentially 4-connected planar graph $G$ on $n$ vertices contains a cycle of length at least $\frac{2n+4}{5}$, and this result has recently been improved multiple times.

In this paper, we prove that every essentially 4-connected planar graph $G$ on $n$ vertices contains a cycle of length at least $\frac{5}{8}(n+2)$. This improves the previously best-known lower bound $\frac{3}{5}(n+2)$.
Spatial Analysis of Coastline Change by Remote Sensing in the North Coast of Karawang Regency
Authors: Pasaribu Roberto , H. Firman Agus , Soeprijadi Liliek
Published: February 2020

The existence of the coast in the northern part of Karawang Regency is very worrying. Seawater that was far up to tens of meters from the side of the road, is now on the lip of the road, even some parts of the road are cut off due to abrasion of seawater. Some villages were affected by abrasion erosion. One of the effects of damage due to abrasion and sedimentation is the occurrence of shoreline changes. This change in coastline will affect people's lives and spatial planning for the development of the area. For this reason, this study aims to determine the extent and rate of shoreline changes that occurred on the coast of Karawang Regency in the periods of 1989, 1995, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2016, and 2018. The shoreline data was obtained from the extraction of Landsat 3 MSS, Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM +, and Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS after the NDWI process was previously carried out. While the rate of change is calculated at 6 sample point locations scattered along the northern coast of Karawang Regency. The results showed that the largest area damaged by abrasion occurred in Sedari Village covering an area of 166.802 hectares, and the area formed by the largest sedimentation occurred in Muara Cilamaya Village at 276,318 hectares. Meanwhile, the fastest rate of shoreline change due to abrasion occurred in Sukajaya Village at 10 meters /year, while the slowest in Sedari Village at 3.77 meters / year. The fastest sedimentation process in Muara Cimalaya Village is 4.5 meters / year, while the late one in Tanjung Pakis Village is 3.09 meters / year.

Keywords: Abrasion, Accretion, Coastline Changes, Karawang
Wiley on Open Science and Plan S
Authors: Wood Alice , Lieungh Erik
Published: February 2020

In this episode, we talk to one of the big ones - the global publishing company Wiley. Wiley is a company with over 5000 employees that specializes in academic publishing. Our guest is Alice Wood, senior publishing development editor at Wiley. We want to know what their take on Open Science and Plan S is? What happens when you "flip" a journal? And how they see Open Science and Open Access as part of their company in the future.

Wood also elaborates on what they are currently doing when it comes to making their own journals OA, what journals they choose to flip and if they do any changes to those journals after flipping.

The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh.

This episode was first published 10 January 2019.
Democratizing Health Research
Authors: Terry Robert Fraser , Lieungh Erik
Published: February 2020

Is it fair that researchers and policymakers in low-income countries have to pay to read new research on diseases they treat? Today's guest is Robert Terry from the World Health Organization’s Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), where he works as a manager of research policy. His background is from both the Royal Society and the Wellcome Trust. For Terry, achieving open access requires addressing barriers across political, technical and cultural barriers, with the culture of research assessment and reward needing the biggest change to democratizing science.

The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh.

This episode was first published 16 December 2019.
Open Code and Peer Review
Authors: Eglen Stephen , Lieungh Erik
Published: February 2020

In this episode, we are talking about code and the benefits of making your code available in a peer review process and having it checked. Our guest is Dr. Stephen Eglen from the department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at the University of Cambridge. Together with Dr. Daniel Nüst, from the University of Münster, he has created CodeCheck – an Open Science initiative to facilitate the sharing of computer programs and results presented in scientific publications.

The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh.

This episode was first published 20 January 2020.
"Oi. Her har det virkelig skjedd noe!"
Authors: Lund Øystein
Published: February 2020

Denne rapporten oppsummerer evaluering av programmet SkoleVFL 2.0. Betegnelsen «2.0» innebærer at det er utgave nummer to av kurset som vurderes i denne rapporten. Evaluering av versjon 1.0 av programmet ble fullført i 2017, og er presentert i rapporten «Men det skjer ikke av seg sjøl likevel… Utvidet deltakerundersøkelse av det skolebaserte kompetanseutviklingsprogrammet SkoleVFL 1.0».

Evalueringen av det skolebaserte kompetanseutviklingsprogrammet SkoleVFL 2.0 har vært gjennomført av Ressurssenter for undervisning, læring og teknologi ved UiT Norges arktiske universitet ved førsteamanuensis Øystein Lund, på oppdrag fra Utdanningsdirektoratet.
Sea whip coral Leptogorgia virgulata in the Mid-Atlantic Bight: Colony complexity, age, and growth
Authors: Wenker Rebecca P. , Stevens Bradley G.
Published: February 2020

Sea whip coral Leptogorgia virgulata are a common structural component of both natural and artificial hard-bottom reef habitats in the mid-Atlantic region and may serve as essential habitat for commercially valuable species. However, they are slow-growing, easily damaged, and especially vulnerable to damage by passive fishing gear such as pots and traps. Despite their potential importance, until recently, sea whips have been generally understudied in this region. We examined the colony complexity, length, age, and growth of sea whips from four artificial reef sites in the mid-Atlantic region to gain a better understanding of their biology in the area. There were no significant differences in the bifurcation (Rb) and tributary to source (T/S) ratios between sites, with the Rb ≈3 for all sites, indicating similar complexity between sites. The total length distribution was 8.3 cm to 85.3 cm, and 50% of corals in the range of 34.2–56.4 cm. Age, estimated from annual growth ring counts, ranged from 2 to 15 y, with 50% of corals in the range of 6 to 8 y. The large proportion of middle-sized and middle-aged corals suggests episodic recruitment. Age-length keys showed the trend of age increasing with total coral length, and a von Bertalanffy growth model demonstrated size-dependent growth following the equation: E[L—t] (cm) = 86.1(1−e−0.14(t−1.44)). This is the first study providing such data for sea whips in the coastal mid-Atlantic region, and the baseline created will be a useful reference to study changes over time.
Productivity and Profitability of Cotton-wheat Cropping System as Influenced by Complex Fertilizers
Authors: S. Brar B. , S. Dheri G. , Singh Sekhon Fatehjeet
Published: February 2020

An experiment was conducted during 2012-13 and 2013-14 at Ludhiana, Punjab to find out the productivity and profitability of the cotton-wheat cropping system as influenced by complex fertilizers. The experiment was comprised of nine fertilizer treatments. The results demonstrated that significantly higher cotton yield and stalk yield was recorded under T9 -AP60+S15+Zn1.5 (15.3 q/ha and 50.5 q/ha respectively in 2012 and 22.2 q/ha and 55.6 respectively in 2013) which was statistically at par with T6 – DAP (P60)+S15+Zn1.5 (15.0 q/ ha and 50.4 q/ha respectively in 2012 and 22.1 q/ha and 55.4 q/ha, respectively in 2013). Similarly in wheat crop, T9 -AP60+S15+Zn1.5 gave significantly higher grain yield and straw yield (39.0 q/ha and 63.0 q/ha, respectively in 2012-13 and 45.6 q/ha and 73.6, respectively in 2013-14) which was comparable with T6 – DAP (P60)+S15+Zn1.5 (38.5 q/ ha and 62.8 q/ha respectively in 2012-13 and 44.4 q/ha and 72.4 q/ha in 2013-14)  as compare to other treatments. Economic analysis indicated higher net return (₹ 8739.0) and B:C ratio (0.37) for cotton under T8- AP30+S7.5+Zn0.75 whereas T9 -AP60+S15+Zn1.5 net return (₹14417.5) and B:C ratio (1.07) for wheat as compare with other treatments.
The NF‐κB regulator IκBβ exhibits different molecular interactivity and phosphorylation status from IκBα in an IKK2‐catalysed reaction
Authors: Shoji Shisako , Hanada Kazuharu , Takahashi Masataka , Watanabe Kazuhide , Yonemochi Mayumi , Tomabechi Yuri , Shirouzu Mikako
Published: February 2020

Activation of the nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) transcription factor, a central player in immune response regulation, is based on phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappaB alpha (IκBα) by the Inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKK) that triggers IκBα degradation. Although inhibitor of kappaB beta (IκBβ) is structurally similar to IκBα, its precise characteristics remain undefined. Herein, we report that the molecular interactivity of IκBβ with the kinase‐active region of IKK subunit 2 (IKK2), as well as its phosphorylation status, differs markedly from those of IκBα. A mass spectrometry analysis revealed that IκBβ phosphorylation sites are distributed in its C‐terminal region, whereas IκBα phosphorylation sites are located in the N‐terminal region. Furthermore, IKK2 phosphorylation sites in IκBβ are found in a region distinct from typical degradation signals, such as phosphodegron and proline/glutamic acid/serine/threonine‐rich sequence (PEST) motifs. Mutation of the IκBβ phosphorylation sites enhances its resistance to homeostatic proteasomal degradation. These findings contribute a novel concept in NF‐κB/IKK signalling research.
Bioinspired Prosthetic Interfaces
Authors: Li Pengju , Anwar Ali Hashina Parveen , Cheng Wen , Yang Jingyi , Tee Benjamin C. K.
Published: February 2020

Mechanical replacement prosthetics have advanced in both esthetics and mechanical functions, but still require progress in attaining full natural functionality via tactile feedback. Through bioinspiration of the somatosensory system, recent works in the development of materials and technologies at three critical interfaces have shown great advancements: skin‐inspired multifunctionality at the prosthetic level using flexible electronics, artificial transmission of the biosignals between the prosthesis and nervous system, and stimulation and recording of these signals with mechanically compliant, implantable neural interfaces. Herein, a systematic study of the artificial skin sensation pathways for the prosthetic interfaces is discussed together with the current state‐of‐the‐art technologies and prospective strategies to enable the complete sensory feedback loop in prosthetics through the use of biomimetic sensing platforms, artificial synapses, and neural interrogation electronics.
Billroth‐I vs Roux‐en‐Y after distal gastrectomy: A comparison of long‐term nutritional status and survival rates from a large‐scale multicenter cohort study
Authors: Kinoshita Takahiro , Honda Michitaka , Matsuki Atsushi , Enomoto Naoki , Aizawa Masaki , Nunobe Souya , Yabusaki Hiroshi , Abe Takayuki , Hiki Naoki
Published: February 2020

Background

The optimal standard reconstruction procedure after distal gastrectomy is controversial. No large‐scale persuasive clinical studies from long‐term perspectives on this topic have yet been conducted.

Study design

This retrospective multicenter study analyzed a database of 2510 consecutive patients with clinical stage I gastric cancer who underwent distal gastrectomy followed by Billroth‐I (B‐I) or Roux‐en‐Y (R‐Y) anastomosis from 2006 to 2012. After adjusting for 30 potential confounding factors using propensity score matching, we compared the body weight loss and other nutritional status for 5 years as primary outcomes between the two groups. We also investigated surgical outcomes, endoscopic findings, and long‐term survival rates as secondary outcomes.

Results

After matching the inclusion criteria, 940 patients (470 in each group) were enrolled. There was no marked difference in the body weight loss and other nutritional indicators. The incidence of grade ≥3 postoperative complications (Clavien‐Dindo classification) or the incidence of gallstone formation was not markedly different between the two groups. The postoperative hospital stay after surgery was significantly longer, and the readmission rate was significantly higher in the R‐Y group than in the B‐I group. An endoscopic examination revealed no trends regarding the incidence and severity of gastritis or residual food in the remnant stomach. The 5‐year overall survival rate was 92.6% in the B‐I group and 91.8% in the R‐Y group, with no significant difference (P = .379, log‐rank test).

Conclusions

Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction may be nearly equal to Billroth‐I with regard to the long‐term nutritional perspectives.
Validation of an enzyme‐linked immunoassay assay for osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, in dried blood spots
Authors: Eick Geeta N. , Madimenos Felicia C. , Cepon‐Robins Tara J. , Devlin Maureen J. , Kowal Paul , Sugiyama Lawrence S. , Snodgrass J. Josh
Published: February 2020

Objectives

Investigating factors that contribute to bone loss and accretion across populations in remote settings is challenging, particularly where diagnostic tools are scarce. To mitigate this challenge, we describe validation of a commercial ELISA assay to measure osteocalcin, a biomarker of bone formation, from dried blood spots (DBS).

Methods

We validated the Osteocalcin Human SimpleStep ELISA kit from Abcam (ab1951214) using 158 matched plasma and DBS samples. Passing‐Bablok regression analysis assessed the relationships between plasma and DBS osteocalcin concentrations. Dilutional linearity and spike and recovery experiments determined if the DBS matrix interfered with osteocalcin measurement, and intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were calculated. Limit of detection, analyte stability, and specific forms of osteocalcin measured by the kit were also investigated.

Results

Mean plasma osteocalcin value was 218.2 ng/mL (range 64.6‐618.1 ng/mL). Linear relationships existed between plasma and DBS concentrations of osteocalcin, with no apparent bias in plasma vs DBS concentrations. There was no apparent interference of the DBS matrix with measurement of osteocalcin in DBS. Intra‐assay CV for DBS was ~8%, while average inter‐assay CV was 14.8%. Limit of detection was 0.34 ng/mL. Osteocalcin concentrations were stable in DBS stored at −28°C and room temperature, but not those stored at 37°C. This ELISA kit detects total osteocalcin.

Conclusions

Osteocalcin, a bone formation biomarker, can be measured from DBS. Combined with a previously validated DBS assay for TRACP‐5b, a bone resorption biomarker, these assays have the potential to help researchers disentangle the many factors contributing to bone strength.
A Multi‐action and Multi‐target RuII–PtIV Conjugate Combining Cancer‐Activated Chemotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy to Overcome Drug Resistant Cancers
Authors: Karges Johannes , Yempala Thirumal , Tharaud Mickaël , Gibson Dan , Gasser Gilles
Published: February 2020

PtII complexes are commonly used to treat cancer. To reduce their side effects and improve their pharmacological properties, PtIV complexes are being developed as prodrug candidates that are activated by reduction in cancer cells. Concomitantly, RuII polypyridine complexes have gained much attention as photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy due to their attractive characteristics. In this article, a novel PtIV–RuII conjugate, which combines cancer activated chemotherapy with PDT, is presented. Upon entering the cancer cell, the PtIV centre is reduced to PtII and the axial ligands including the RuII complex and phenylbutyrate are released. As each component has its individual targets, the conjugate exerts a multi‐target and multi‐action effect with (photo‐)cytotoxicity values upon irradiation up to 595 nm in the low nanomolar range in various (drug resistant) 2D monolayer cancer cells and 3D multicellular tumour spheroids.