bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Timing of drought in the growing season and strong legacy effects determine the annual productivity of temperate grasses in a changing climate
Authors: Hahn Claudia , Lüscher Andreas , Ernst-Hasler Sara , Suter Matthias , Kahmen Ansgar
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The frequency of extreme weather events, such as droughts, is assumed to increase and lead to alterations in ecosystem productivity and thus the
terrestrial carbon cycle. Although grasslands typically show reduced productivity in response to drought, the effects of drought on grassland
productivity have been shown to vary strongly. Here we tested, in a 2-year field experiment, if the resistance and the recovery of grasses to
drought varies throughout a growing season and if the timing of the drought influences drought-induced reductions in annual aboveground net primary
production (ANPP) of grasses. For the experiment we grew six temperate and perennial C3 grass species and cultivars in a field as pure stands. The
grasses were cut six times during the growing season and subject to 10 week drought treatments that occurred either in the spring, the summer or the
fall. Averaged across all grasses, drought-induced losses in productivity in spring were smaller (−20 % to −51 %) than in summer and
fall (−77 % to −87 %). This suggests a higher resistance to drought in spring when plants are in their reproductive stage and their
productivity is the highest. After the release from drought, we found no prolonged suppression in growth. In contrast, post-drought growth rates of
formerly drought-stressed swards outperformed the growth rates of the control swards. The strong overcompensation in growth after the drought release
resulted in relatively small overall drought-induced losses in annual ANPP that ranged from −4 % to −14 % and were not affected by the
timing of the drought event. In summary, our results show that (i) the resistance in growth rates of grasses to drought varies across the season and
is increased during the reproductive phenological stage when growth rates are highest; (ii) that the positive legacy effects of drought indicate a high
recovery potential of temperate grasses to drought; and (iii) that the high recovery can compensate for immediate drought effects on total annual
biomass production to a significant extent.
Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate forcing and ocean dynamical feedback and their implications for estimating climate sensitivity
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Poulsen Christopher J.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) has been directly estimated using reconstructions of past climates that are different than today's. A challenge to this approach is that temperature proxies integrate over the timescales of the fast feedback processes (e.g., changes in water vapor, snow, and clouds) that are captured in ECS as well as the slower feedback processes (e.g., changes in ice sheets and ocean circulation) that are not. A way around this issue is to treat the slow feedbacks as climate forcings and independently account for their impact on global temperature. Here we conduct a suite of Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) simulations using the Community Earth System Model version 1.2 (CESM1.2) to quantify the forcing
and efficacy of land ice sheets (LISs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) in order to estimate ECS. Our forcing and efficacy quantification adopts the effective radiative forcing (ERF) and adjustment framework and provides a complete accounting for the radiative, topographic, and dynamical impacts of LIS on surface temperatures. ERF and efficacy of LGM LIS are −3.2 W m−2 and 1.1, respectively. The larger-than-unity efficacy is caused by the temperature changes over land and the Northern Hemisphere subtropical oceans which are relatively larger than those in response to a doubling of atmospheric CO2. The subtropical sea-surface temperature (SST) response is linked to LIS-induced wind changes and feedbacks in ocean–atmosphere coupling and clouds. ERF and efficacy of LGM GHG are −2.8 W m−2 and 0.9, respectively. The lower efficacy is primarily attributed to a smaller cloud feedback at colder temperatures. Our simulations further demonstrate that the direct ECS calculation using the forcing, efficacy, and temperature response in CESM1.2 overestimates the true value in the model by approximately 25 % due to the neglect of slow ocean dynamical feedback. This is supported by the greater cooling (6.8 ∘C) in a fully coupled LGM simulation than that (5.3 ∘C) in a slab ocean model simulation with ocean dynamics disabled. The majority (67 %) of the ocean dynamical feedback is attributed to dynamical changes in the Southern Ocean, where interactions between upper-ocean stratification, heat transport, and sea-ice cover are found to amplify the LGM cooling. Our study demonstrates the value of climate models in the quantification of climate forcings and the ocean dynamical feedback, which is necessary for an accurate direct ECS estimation.
Fine-grained, spatiotemporal datasets measuring 200 years of land development in the United States
Authors: Uhl Johannes H. , Leyk Stefan , McShane Caitlin M. , Braswell Anna E. , Connor Dylan S. , Balk Deborah
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The collection, processing, and analysis of remote sensing data since the early 1970s has rapidly improved our understanding of change on the Earth's surface. While satellite-based Earth observation has proven to be of vast scientific value, these data are typically confined to recent decades of observation and often lack important thematic detail. Here, we advance in this arena by constructing new spatially explicit settlement data for the United States that extend back to the early 19th century and are consistently enumerated at fine spatial and temporal granularity (i.e. 250 m spatial and 5-year temporal resolution). We create these time series using a large, novel building-stock database to extract and map retrospective, fine-grained spatial distributions of built-up properties in the conterminous United States from 1810 to 2015. From our data extraction, we analyse and publish a series of gridded geospatial datasets that enable novel retrospective historical analysis of the built environment at an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. The datasets are part of the Historical Settlement Data Compilation for the United States (https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/hisdacus, last access: 25 January 2021) and are available at https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YSWMDR (Uhl and Leyk, 2020a), https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/SJ213V (Uhl and Leyk, 2020b), and https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/J6CYUJ (Uhl and Leyk, 2020c).
Experiments on magnetic interference for a portable airborne magnetometry system using a hybrid unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
Authors:   Jirigalatu, Krishna Vamsi , Lima Simões da Silva Eduardo , Døssing Arne
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for airborne magnetometry offers not only improved access and rapid sampling but also reduced logistics costs. More importantly, the UAV-borne aeromagnetometry can be performed at low altitudes, which makes it possible to resolve fine features otherwise only evident in ground surveys. Developing such a UAV-borne aeromagnetometry system is challenging owing to strong magnetic interference introduced by onboard electric and electronic components. An experiment concerning the static magnetic interference of the UAV was conducted to assess the severity of the interference of a hybrid vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) UAV. The results of the static experiment show that the wing area is highly magnetic due to the proximity to servomotors and motors, whereas the area along the longitudinal axis of the UAV has a relatively smaller magnetic signature. Assisted by the static experiment and aerodynamic simulations, we first proposed a front-mounting solution with two compact magnetometers. Subsequently, two dynamic experiments were conducted with the setup to assess the dynamic interference of the system. The results of the dynamic experiments reveal that the strongest source of in-flight magnetic interference is the current-carrying cables connecting the battery to the flight controller and that this effect is most influential during pitch maneuvers of the aircraft.
A simplified atmospheric boundary layer model for an improved representation of air–sea interactions in eddying oceanic models: implementation and first evaluation in NEMO (4.0)
Authors: Lemarié Florian , Samson Guillaume , Redelsperger Jean-Luc , Giordani Hervé , Brivoal Théo , Madec Gurvan
Published: January 2021

Abstract. A simplified model of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL)
of intermediate complexity between a bulk parameterization and a three-dimensional
atmospheric model is developed and integrated to the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) general circulation model.
An objective in the derivation of such a simplified model, called ABL1d, is
to reach an apt representation in ocean-only numerical simulations of some of the
key processes associated with air–sea interactions at the characteristic scales of
the oceanic mesoscale. In this paper we describe the formulation of the
ABL1d model and the strategy to constrain this model with large-scale
atmospheric data available from reanalysis or real-time forecasts. A particular
emphasis is on the appropriate choice and calibration of a turbulent closure scheme
for the atmospheric boundary layer. This is a key ingredient to properly represent
the air–sea interaction processes of interest. We also provide a detailed description
of the NEMO-ABL1d coupling infrastructure and its computational efficiency.
The resulting simplified model is then tested for several boundary-layer regimes
relevant to either ocean–atmosphere or sea-ice–atmosphere coupling. The coupled
system is also tested with a realistic 0.25∘ resolution global configuration.
The numerical results are evaluated using standard metrics
from the literature to quantify the wind–sea-surface-temperature
(a.k.a. thermal feedback effect),
wind–current (a.k.a. current feedback effect), and ABL–sea-ice couplings.
With respect to these metrics, our results show very good agreement with observations
and fully coupled ocean–atmosphere models for a computational overhead of about
9 % in terms of elapsed time compared to standard uncoupled simulations.
This moderate overhead, largely due to I/O operations, leaves room for further
improvement to relax the assumption of horizontal homogeneity behind ABL1d
and thus to further improve the realism of the coupling while keeping the flexibility
of ocean-only modeling.
Fluorescent tetracycline bone labeling as an intraoperative tool to debride necrotic bone during septic hip revision: a preliminary case series
Authors: Muñoz-Mahamud Ernesto , Fernández-Valencia Jenaro Ángel , Combalia Andreu , Morata Laura , Soriano Álex
Published: January 2021

Abstract. A plausible cause of persistent infection after septic hip revision may be
the presence of nonviable osteomyelitic bone. Since surgical excision of
these necrotic fragments is often challenging, the use of fluorescent
tetracycline bone labeling (FTBL) as an intraoperative tool may pose an
additional assessment aid to provide a visual index of surgical debridement.
Methods:
We present a single-center study performed in a university hospital from
January 2018 to June 2020, in which all consecutive cases of chronic hip periprosthetic joint
infection (PJI)
undergoing revision using FTBL were retrospectively reviewed. In all
cases, the patient was under treatment with tetracyclines at the moment of
the revision surgery. During the surgery, all bone failing to fluoresce was
considered nonviable and thus removed and sent for both culture and
histology.
Results:
We include three cases in which the FTBL technique was used. In all cases, the
histopathological examinations of the nonfluorescent removed bone were
consistent with chronic osteomyelitis.
Conclusion:
The intraoperative use of FTBL successfully aided the surgeon to detect the
presence of nonviable bone in all the presented cases of chronic prosthetic
hip infection.
Jurassic planktic foraminifera from the Polish Basin
Authors: Gajewska Maria , Dubicka Zofia , Hart Malcolm B.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Jurassic (Bathonian–Oxfordian) planktic foraminifera from the
epicontinental strata of the Polish Basin have been investigated. The
palaeoecology, palaeobiogeography, and biostratigraphical potential of the
recorded taxa are discussed. Four species are recorded: Conoglobigerina helvetojurassica (Haeusler, 1881),
Globuligerina balakhmatovae (Morozova, 1961), G. bathoniana (Pazdrowa, 1969), and G. oxfordiana (Grigelis, 1958). This assemblage is
probably the most diverse of those described to date from the epicontinental
areas of Europe. The recorded taxa are thought to represent three different
ecological morphotypes. The clear relationship between
transgressive–regressive facies and the palaeobiogeography of the recorded
planktic foraminifera indicates a morphotype-related depth–distribution
pattern in which small, simple, globular-chambered morphotypes occupied
shallow waters whereas slightly larger, more complex forms, or those with
hemispherical chambers, inhabited deeper and more open-water environments.
Analysis of influence factors of rail corrugation in small radius curve track
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Lei Zhenyu
Published: January 2021

Abstract. In order to effectively prevent and control the generation and
development of rail corrugation, according to the actual line condition of the small radius curve section, the vehicle (with flexible wheel sets)–track space coupled model was established by using the multi-body dynamic software
UM (Universal Mechanism), which could consider the coupled relationship in three directions of space, and the dynamic analysis for the corrugation section was carried out by
using the model. Then, based on the theory of friction self-excited
vibration, the three-dimensional model of a wheel–rail system was established by using the finite-element software ABAQUS, and the complex eigenvalue analysis of influence factors of rail corrugation was conducted based on
wheel–rail contact parameters obtained by dynamic calculation. Through the stability analysis of the wheel–rail system with different fastener vertical and lateral stiffnesses, friction coefficients, and superelevation states, we find that properly increasing the fastener vertical and lateral
stiffnesses, controlling the wheel–rail friction coefficient below 0.4, and keeping the balanced superelevation state of the track structure can effectively reduce the occurrence possibility of unstable vibration of the wheel–rail system, thus inhibiting the generation and development of rail corrugation. The excess superelevation state of the track structure results in the unstable friction self-excited vibration of the wheel–rail system at the inner wheel–inner rail, while the deficient superelevation state results in the unstable friction self-excited vibration of the wheel–rail system at the outer wheel–outer rail, which shows that the superelevation state of the track structure directly affects the formation of rail corrugation and determines
the development order of corrugation of inner and outer rails. This
conclusion can well explain the cause of corrugation appearing on only one side rail.
The impacts of runoff decrease and shoreline change on the salinity distribution in the wetlands of Liao River estuary, China
Authors: Zhang Mingliang , Xu Tianping , Jiang Hengzhi
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The wetland of Liao River estuary (LRE) in northeastern China is one of the
best-preserved wetlands across the globe. However, it is extremely vulnerable
to hydrological changes as well as other disturbances, particularly upstream
river discharges and the reclamation from anthropogenic activities. In this
study, a 3D hydrodynamic model was used to reproduce the flow patterns of the
LRE and to explore the variation in salinity under different
scenarios. Furthermore, the impact of river discharge and shoreline changes on
the salinity distribution in the LRE was quantitatively analyzed and
discussed through several simulation experiments. The model reasonably
reconstructed the spatiotemporal variability and distribution of salinity in
the Liao River estuary and the wetlands across intertidal areas. Increases in
runoff were demonstrated to significantly decrease the mean salinity values of
the estuary, with changes in salinity negatively correlated to the
longitudinal distance from the estuary mouth. Moreover, the shoreline change
caused by the construction of Panjin Port was observed to have an obvious
influence on the salinity distribution of the LRE, particularly in the lower
reaches of the Pink Beach wetland. Comparisons of the Liao River estuary
residual flow fields under different shorelines revealed that the
establishment of the port resulted in the diffusion of the runoff from the
Daliao River due to the obstruction of the port body, which enhanced the tidal
mixing effect and consequently weakened the dilution effect of freshwater
entering the Pink Beach wetland. Overall, the current study should be helpful
for offering a greater understanding of Suaeda heteroptera vegetation
degradation in the LRE, China, and also provides a new perspective in
investigating the degradation mechanism in other estuarine wetlands.
Inter-comparison of snow depth over Arctic sea ice from reanalysis reconstructions and satellite retrieval
Authors: Zhou Lu , Stroeve Julienne , Xu Shiming , Petty Alek , Tilling Rachel , Winstrup Mai , Rostosky Philip , Lawrence Isobel R. , Liston Glen E. , Ridout Andy , Tsamados Michel , Nandan Vishnu
Published: January 2021

Abstract. In this study, we compare eight recently developed snow depth products over Arctic sea ice, which
use satellite observations, modeling, or a combination of satellite and modeling approaches. These
products are further compared against various ground-truth observations, including those from ice
mass balance observations and airborne measurements. Large mean snow depth discrepancies are
observed over the Atlantic and Canadian Arctic sectors. The differences between climatology and
the snow products early in winter could be in part a result of the delaying in Arctic ice
formation that reduces early snow accumulation, leading to shallower snowpacks at the start of
the freeze-up season. These differences persist through spring despite overall more winter snow
accumulation in the reanalysis-based products than in the climatologies. Among the products
evaluated, the University of Washington (UW) snow depth product produces the deepest spring
(March–April) snowpacks, while the snow product from the Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI)
provides the shallowest spring snow depths. Most snow products show significant correlation with
snow depths retrieved from Operational IceBridge (OIB) while correlations are quite low against
buoy measurements, with no correlation and very low variability from University of Bremen and DMI
products. Inconsistencies in reconstructed snow depth among the products, as well as differences
between these products and in situ and airborne observations, can be partially attributed to
differences in effective footprint and spatial–temporal coverage, as well as insufficient
observations for validation/bias adjustments. Our results highlight the need for more targeted
Arctic surveys over different spatial and temporal scales to allow for a more systematic
comparison and fusion of airborne, in situ and remote sensing observations.
Snow depth time series retrieval by time-lapse photography: Finnish and Italian case studies
Authors: Bongio Marco , Arslan Ali Nadir , Tanis Cemal Melih , De Michele Carlo
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The capability of time-lapse photography to retrieve snow
depth time series was tested. Historically, snow depth has been measured
manually by rulers, with a temporal resolution of once per day, and it is a
time-consuming activity. In the last few decades, ultrasonic and/or optical
sensors have been developed to obtain automatic and regular measurements
with higher temporal resolution and accuracy. The Finnish Meteorological
Institute Image Processing Toolbox (FMIPROT) has been used to retrieve the
snow depth time series from camera images of a snow stake on the ground by
implementing an algorithm based on the brightness difference and contour
detection. Three case studies have been illustrated to highlight potentialities
and pitfalls of time-lapse photography in retrieving the snow depth time
series: Sodankylä peatland, a boreal forested site in Finland, and Gressoney-La-Trinité Dejola and Careser Dam, two alpine sites in Italy. This
study presents new possibilities and advantages in the retrieval of snow
depth in general and snow depth time series specifically, which can be
summarized as follows: (1) high temporal resolution – hourly or sub-hourly
time series, depending on the camera's scan rate; (2) high accuracy levels –
comparable to the most common method (manual measurements); (3) reliability
and visual identification of errors or misclassifications; (4) low-cost
solution; and (5) remote sensing technique – can be easily extended in remote and
dangerous areas. The proper geometrical configuration between camera and stake, highlighting
the main characteristics which each single component must have, has been
proposed. Root mean square errors (RMSEs) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies (NSEs)
were calculated for all three case studies comparing with estimates from
both the FMIPROT and visual inspection of images directly. The NSE values were 0.917, 0.963 and 0.916, while RMSEs were 0.039, 0.052 and 0.108 m for Sodankylä, Gressoney and Careser, respectively. In
terms of accuracy, the Sodankylä case study gave better results. The
worst performances occurred at Careser Dam located at 2600 m a.s.l., where
extreme weather conditions and a low temporal resolution of the camera occur,
strongly affecting the clarity of the images.
New methods to improve the vertical extrapolation of near-surface
offshore wind speeds
Authors: Optis Mike , Bodini Nicola , Debnath Mithu , Doubrawa Paula
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Accurate characterization of the offshore wind resource has been hindered by a sparsity of wind speed observations that span offshore wind turbine rotor-swept heights. Although public availability of floating lidar data is increasing, most offshore wind speed observations continue to come from buoy-based and satellite-based near-surface measurements. The aim of this study is to develop and validate novel vertical extrapolation methods that can accurately estimate wind speed time series across rotor-swept heights using these near-surface measurements. We contrast the conventional logarithmic profile against three novel approaches: a logarithmic profile with a long-term stability correction, a single-column model, and a machine-learning model. These models are developed and validated using 1 year of observations from two floating lidars deployed in U.S. Atlantic offshore wind energy areas. We find that the machine-learning model significantly outperforms all other models across all stability regimes, seasons, and times of day. Machine-learning model performance is considerably improved by including the air-sea temperature difference, which provides some accounting for offshore atmospheric stability. Finally, we find no degradation in machine-learning model performance when tested 83 km from its training location, suggesting promising future applications in extrapolating 10-m wind speeds from spatially resolved satellite-based wind atlases.
Randomized Crossover-Controlled Evaluation of Simultaneous Bilateral Transcutaneous Electrostimulation of the Posterior Tibial Nerve During Urodynamic Studies in Patients With Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: Girtner Florian , Fritsche Hans-Martin , Zeman Florian , Huber Toni , Haider Maximilian , Pickl Christoph , Burger Maximilian , Mayr Roman
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) has proven to be a valuable treatment option for various lower urinary tract conditions, such as overactive bladder syndrome and neurogenic detrusor overactivity. The aim of this study was to investigate acute changes in urodynamic parameters due to bilateral TTNS.Methods: Fifty-one patients (18–87 years; 61% female) with various lower urinary tract symptoms were enrolled in this study. They were single-blinded and randomly assigned to receive simultaneous bilateral TTNS either during their first urodynamic examination, followed by a second round using a placebo stimulation technique, or vice versa.Results: For subjects without signs of anatomical pathologies, the filling volume at the first desire to void (FDV) increased significantly by 54 mL (interquartile range [IQR], 26–81 mL; P<0.01) under the influence of TTNS compared to placebo. The maximum cystometric capacity increased by 41 mL (IQR, 10–65 mL; P=0.02). The median micturition volume of patients with pathological postvoid residual volumes (>100 mL) increased by 76 mL compared to patients without urinary retention (IQR, 6–166 mL; P=0.03).Conclusions: Compared to placebo, simultaneous bilateral TTNS showed significant improvements in bladder functioning, such as delayed FDV, increased maximum cystometric capacity, and reduced urinary retention. Patients with signs of anatomical pathologies did not seem to benefit from TTNS. Further studies need to be conducted to compare the effectiveness of bilateral versus unilateral TTNS.
Sustainable Household Practices for Environmental Sustainability in Informal Settlements: Insights From Kanyama Ward 10, Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Kapembwa Matildah , Mubanga Kabwe Harnadih
Published: January 2021

This study on sustainable household practices for transforming environmental concerns into environmental solutions in informal settlements was conducted in Kanyama Ward 10, Zones 98 and 100, Lusaka District. The study identified household practices among residents that could contribute to enhancing household environmental sustainability and assessed the costs and resident’s willingness to pay for household greening. Data were collected using structured interviews administered to 145 residents and interview guides for 11 key informants. Quantitative data were analysed using chi-square, two-sample t-test and the Pearson Product Moment correlation, while qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. The results showed that the major environmental concerns in Zones 98 and 100 of Kanyama Ward 10, prioritised from the resident’s point of view included waste management with 79 % in Zone 100 and 82 % in Zone 98, flooding 67 % in Zone 100 and 80 % in Zone 98 and poor drainage system 51% in Zone 100 and 59 % in Zone 98. Some of the household practices by residents capable of enhancing environmental sustainability were identified as maintaining sanitary home environment at 42 % in Zone 98 and 61% in Zone 100, disposing waste in bins 11 % in Zone 98 and 15 % in Zone 100 and planting trees/vegetables 7 % in Zone 98 and 24 % in Zone 100. Results show that more sustainable household practices in Zone 100 resulted in reduced environmental concerns. There was a significant positive correlation between household practice cost incurred for greening and average monthly income earned by respondents (r = 0.500; p <0.05). This meant that households with higher monthly household incomes spent more on household greening. Furthermore, household income levels had an insignificant effect on the resident’s willingness to pay for household greening (𝑋2=0.781, p = 0.321).In conclusion, resident’s engagement in sustainable household practices and willingness to pay for greening in informal settlements was significantly influenced by their levels of household income as there was a relationship between the level of income and cost of environmental sustainability. Residents’ attitudes towards household greening and levels of income could prove to be either a hindrance or motivating factor in achieving environmental sustainability. As such, the study recommended sensitization, providing entrepreneurship skills and behavioural change campaigns in the area in order to instil the importance of household greening and improve their levels of income.
Towards a Theory of Arbitrary Law-making in Migration Policy
Authors: Mindus Patricia
Published: January 2021

The article considers what arbitrary law-making is and what may count as arbitrary law-making in the field of migration policy. It contributes to the discussion of arbitrary law-making in relation to migration policy in two ways. First, it offers an analysis of arbitrariness, pointing out that rhetorical definitions abound – perhaps not surprisingly, given that migration is a highly-contested policy area – and argues for why transposing a conception developed in ethical theory to the law has high theoretical costs. An alternative conception is described and found to be better equipped to deal with arbitrary law-making in migration policy. It is argued that if we want to understand how arbitrariness plays out in the field of migration law – which is necessary to find ways to hinder its spread by the adoption of specific law-making practices – we first need to distinguish arbitrariness from legitimate choices of legislators. Secondly, a typology of forms of arbitrariness is fleshed out in relation to contemporary migration policy. The policy area is here broadly construed to include not only naturalisation processes, but also migration, asylum and refugee policies and more generally border control. The examples are taken from a broad selection of countries. They have been chosen for illustrative purposes only.
Keywords: arbitrariness, discretion, arbitrary power, forms of arbitrary power, borders, migration policy, citizenship policy
The Myth of Lorca: International Lorquismo and Lorca’s Reception in Cyprus and the Hellenic World
Authors: Demetriou Demetra
Published: January 2021

This article aims to examine Federico García Lorca’s reception in Cypriot literature within the context of his wider Hellenic and international posterity. To place the Lorca image fostered on the island in the ideological and intertextual framework of a more generic lorquismo enables us to enrich our perspective on the writer’s transnational radiation, as well as to appreciate the distinctive contribution of Cypriot literature to the formation of Lorquian mythology, powerfully imbued with the historical experience of Hellenism in Cyprus. The article focuses on the ideological importance of Lorca’s assassination and traces the writer’s reception in the Greek world at earlier stages than commonly thought. It further explores the persistence of the myth well into the decades that followed World War II and examines its symbolic value down to our day, gradually moving beyond a politicized—and toward an aestheticized—view of his poetry. Drawing on a comparativist myth-critical framework, my approach is more particularly concerned with the study of Lorca as a mythical figure, which may account for the scope of significations he has embodied as a character in a cross-cultural perspective, as well as for the reasons why he remains so flexible within varied traditions.
BRECHAS DE GÉNERO EN EL MERCADO LABORAL DE HONDURAS 2010-2019
Authors: Méndez Tiffani , Amador Wendy , Elvir Sandra , Menjívar José S.
Published: January 2021

En Honduras para el año 2019 las mujeres representan el 51.7% de la población total, a pesar de algunos avances realizados para disminuir la desigualdad aún existen grandes retos para enfrentar la brecha de desigualdad en el mercado laboral. El foro económico mundial hace un hincapié en cuatro pilares importantes para hacer un análisis del índice global de brechas de género, para el desarrollo de esta investigación se han considerado tres: participación económica, logró educativo y empoderamiento político. La investigación adopta un enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental. Los datos son observados de manera comparativa por género, utilizando la base de datos de la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares de Propósitos Múltiples (EPHPM) y datos del Observatorio Nacional de Género (ONAG), para dimensionar la brecha salarial se realizó un análisis del ingreso por trabajo mensual de las mujeres con respecto a los hombres considerando el nivel educativo de ambos, las cifras evidencian y cuantifican la discriminación salarial que enfrentan las mujeres, aun teniendo la misma edad, preparación académica e igualdad de condiciones laborales siempre se encuentran en una clara desventaja. Las mujeres cuentan con una carga desproporcionada de trabajo de cuidado no remunerado, que les limita participar en la vida pública, al tiempo que priva a las economías de sus talentos y contribuciones.
La evidencia científica, el saber acreditado y la narrativa académica de la pandemia
Authors: Rodríguez Oswaldo
Published: January 2021

La segunda edición del Congreso Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACIETI) organizado por la Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana (UNITEC), fue celebrado desde la virtualidad el pasado 22 y 23 de octubre. Se contó con la presencia del reconocido científico hondureño-británico Doctor Sir Salvador Moncada como conferencista internacional en la inauguración de este importante evento académico-científico. Dicho evento sirvió de vitrina para la presentación y foro de discusión en torno los trabajos de investigación en las distintas áreas temáticas provenientes de la comunidad científica hondureña. La disertación del Dr. Moncada sirve de base para el desarrollo de estas líneas, colocando el foco de atención en la narrativa académico-científica relacionada con la pandemia por COVID-19. Este artículo no aspira a un estado del arte sobre la temática, pero si trazar a mano alzada, líneas reflexivas en torno a un aspecto importante y que se desprende de los planteamientos que ha hecho el Dr. Moncada en su intervención, los cuales bien pudieran resumirse en una de sus más interesantes frases: “la evidencia científica es absolutamente necesaria, especialmente cuando hay vidas humanas en juego”. Esta aseveración bien puede ser análoga en su sentido y significado a la imagen plasmada por Eugène Delacroix en 1830 La liberté guidant le peuple (La libertad guiando al pueblo). La orientación que ofrece el dato proveniente del saber y el hacer acreditado se iza como bandera en momentos de extrema crisis mundial, donde la articulación de las políticas públicas entre los estados-naciones y los pueblos ha sucumbido como castillo de naipes, salvo muy honrosas excepciones.
Diversificación agrícola, sostenibilidad y seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en el occidente de Honduras
Authors: Vásquez Reyes Emil Floricia , Retes Cálix Rodrigo Fernando , Hernández Santana Adriana
Published: January 2021

La seguridad alimentaria y nutricional es un problema y reto mundial condicionado por el aumento de la población mundial, el cambio climático y la degradación de los recursos naturales. Otros factores, como la actual pandemia de COVID-19, han revelado la urgente necesidad de mejorar la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional de las comunidades. El hambre y la desnutrición son factores de riesgo para la población en Honduras. De acuerdo al informe sobre el Costo de la Doble Carga de la Malnutrición Impacto Social y Económico en Honduras (WFP & CEPAL, 2020), el costo total por la desnutrición al 2017 alcanzó un poco más de dos mil millones de dólares, equivalentes al 8.8% del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB). La prevalencia de desnutrición crónica en escolares de Ocotepeque fue de 21.4%, con 17.1% de retardo moderado en talla y 4.3% de retardo severo en talla, según estimaciones del Censo de Talla en ese departamento al Occidente del país en 2017. El análisis de datos por edades mostró que la prevalencia de desnutrición crónica es mayor para los niños y niñas de ocho y nueve años, con prevalencias de 36.2% y 60.0%, respectivamente (Secretaría de Educación & Secretaría de Salud, 2017). La situación de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional es alarmante en Honduras, sobre todo en la región occidental. No obstante, el país tiene los recursos y el potencial para producir alimentos que permitan cubrir la demanda de gran parte de su población.
Consorcio de Investigadores COVID Honduras: una respuesta de los académicos ante la pandemia
Authors: Ramírez Céleo , Gómez Ventura Sandra , Rodríguez Gaspar , Sierra José , Peralta Guímel , Herrera Paz Edwin F. , Girón Rodrigo , Izaguirre González Allan Iván , Ortiz Karla , Ramírez Karla , Díaz Maribel , Madrid Carlos , Reyes Flores Luis , Landa Miguel , Ramos Andrew , Álvarez Cristian , Reyes Irma , Linarez Nery , Rodríguez Oswaldo , Sánchez Juan , Amaya Gabriel , Rodríguez Quiroz Francisco , López Lutz Elmer , Sánchez Eduardo , Choi Joon Nak , Durón Reyna M.
Published: January 2021

Tal como lo dicta la tradición en la mayoría de los países del mundo, cada 31 de diciembre a las 11:59:50 p.m. comienza el conteo regresivo para recibir al año entrante con esperanza, buen ánimo y el ferviente deseo que las cosas vayan bien, no sólo a nivel personal y familiar, sino que también a nivel global. Mientras seguían las noticias de las crisis mundiales, nadie estaba preparado para lo que venía. A mediados de enero se dieron las primeras “escaramuzas” informativas acerca de un nuevo virus respiratorio en China. Según la historia reciente, el virus no parecía representar ninguna novedad. Ya sabíamos del SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromerelated Coronavirus) en el 2003 del virus de la influenza H5N1 en el 2005, el virus de la influenza H1N1 en el 2009 y el MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory síndrome-related coronavirus) en el 2012. Luego del anuncio de la aparición del coronavirus tipo 2 (SARS-CoV-2) o COVID-19, nuestro estilo de vida como hondureños, al igual que el del resto del mundo no cambió en lo absoluto. Se pensó que esta vez no sería la excepción a la rutina de los virus que surgen y desaparecen, especialmente porque nuestro país se encuentra a 14,460 km de Wuhan.
Validación de la percepción de los conocimientos metodológicos de los estudiantes del Centro Universitario Regional San Pedro Sula de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán
Authors: Umanzor Pastor
Published: January 2021

Con este estudio se validan las percepciones de los estudiantes del Centro Universitario Regional San Pedro Sula (CURSPS) de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán (UPNFM) sobre sus conocimientos metodológicos en función de sus saberes sobre el modelo educativo de la UPNFM y sus componentes: planes de estudio, guión metodológico, planes de clase, recursos y medios, y formas de evaluación de sus aprendizajes. La validación se hace con una escala Likert con 57 afirmaciones y aplicada como encuesta a 91 estudiantes matriculados en Metodología de Investigación Cuantitativa y en Metodología de Investigación Cualitativa, II período, 2020. Los objetivos de la validación de la escala se cumplieron por encima de las exigencias estadísticas esperadas y por eso se muestra que los conocimientos metodológicos de los estudiantes son explicados por sus saberes sobre los planes de clases, los recursos y medios, los planes de estudio y las formas de evaluación de sus aprendizajes.
Enseñanza de Educación Física en la universidad pública de Honduras. Enfoques y perspectivas
Authors: Betancourt Andino Ernesto , Canto Ramírez José Luis
Published: January 2021

En Honduras, el Currículo Nacional Básico (CNB), Secretaría de Educación de Honduras (2003) demanda que la Educación Física contribuya a la formación integral de los alumnos; actualmente se carece de estudios en apoyo de la estilística metodológica de enseñanza integral en dicha asignatura. Con el “Cuestionario del estudiante para observar y evaluar la clase en Docentes Universitarios de Educación Física”, CUEDUFIS, aplicado a una muestra no probabilística de 838 alumnos, se analizó la prevalencia de estilos de enseñanza de Educación Física en Universidades Públicas de Honduras; desde la Metodología Tradicional (MT) y/o de Enfoque Formativo Integral (EFI), según López y Moreno (2000). 538 estudiantes identificaron el estilo con EFI, 252 observaron el estilo con tendencia a EFI, 45 percibieron el estilo con tendencia entre EFI y MT; tres el estilo con tendencia de MT. Ninguno identificó la MT.
Conocimientos del médico sobre Responsabilidad Profesional Médica
Authors: Cedillo Mayely , Díaz Moreno Ángela , Gradis Santos Ólman , Matamoros Zelaya Mireya Mercedes
Published: January 2021

Justificación: Las fallas en la responsabilidad profesional médica representan un problema de interés por el impacto que tienen en la salud de los pacientes y de los médicos. Objetivo: Evaluar cuál es el nivel de conocimientos de los profesionales de la medicina hondureños sobre aspectos relevantes de la responsabilidad profesional o mala praxis médica. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo; la recolección de datos se hizo mediante un instrumento tipo encuesta electrónica con formato de Google®, la cual se validó con un grupo de expertos y cubrió, variables sociodemográficas; de los encuestados, así como cinco ámbitos de conocimiento definidos como: el ámbito legal, el conceptual, el de derechos de los pacientes, el de deberes del médico y el de condicionantes para la denuncia. La población encuestada: estudiantes de medicina con seis o más años cursados de la carrera, indistintamente de la universidad donde estudiaron; médicos residentes y profesionales, ya sea médicos generales o especialistas, todos hondureños. El análisis de los datos se realizó utilizando Excel® 2010, y el Programa R, versión 3.6. Para mejor comprensión de los resultados se construyó una escala descriptiva de acuerdo a los porcentajes de acierto obtenidos. De 0-39% “deficiente”, de 40-59% “insuficiente”, de 60 a 80% “aceptable”, 81-90% “adecuado”, de 91% en adelante se clasificó como “conoce el tema”. Resultados: El nivel de conocimiento de los médicos, indistintamente de su formación académica, edad, sexo o centro donde labora, se ubicó en un nivel entre insuficiente y aceptable, siendo el ámbito donde se observó el menor puntaje, con 51,2% de aciertos. Conclusiones: Las fallas en la responsabilidad profesional podrían estar estrechamente ligadas al déficit de competencias y habilidades adecuadas de estudiantes y médicos durante el acto médico.
Femicidio y Overkill: A Propósito de un caso
Authors: Puerto Sanabria Carlos Roberto , Barahona Munguía Alejandro Daniel
Published: January 2021

Introducción: El femicidio es todo homicidio intencional de una mujer por razones de su género. El término overkill se utiliza en los casos donde se observa gran cantidad de heridas, excediendo lo necesario para causar la muerte. Presentamos este caso médico-legal con el objetivo de ejemplificar la relación entre el overkill y los femicidios. Resultados: Los hallazgos de autopsia revelaron lesiones compatibles con estrangulación manual e instrumentalizada y heridas por arma blanca. Esto permitió calificarla como overkill. Conclusión: Este tipo de caso llama a la reflexión sobre los factores de riesgo y formas de cómo prevenirlos.
Disclosure de despesas com P&D e enforcement regulatório no setor elétrico: value relevance no mercado de capitais brasileiro
Authors: Santos José Glauber Cavalcante dos , Vasconcelos Alessandra Carvalho de , Espíndola Andrezza De Albuquerque
Published: January 2021

A regulação pode funcionar como instrumento de incentivo à inovação nas firmas, mas não se sabe como essa coerção reflete nos preços dos títulos acionários. Tem-se como objetivo avaliar o efeito do enforcement regulatório do setor elétrico sobre a value-relevance do disclosure de despesas com P&D no mercado brasileiro de capitais. Foram analisadas 1.294 observações de 440 firmas listadas na B3 entre 2011 e 2015. A aplicação de regressão mostra que o enforcement regulatório é capaz de afetar negativamente a avaliação do disclosure de P&D, além de tornar o patrimônio líquido das empresas do setor elétrico mais informativo. Verificou-se que os agregados contábeis patrimônio líquido e lucro contábil se mostram mais relevantes entre as empresas sob regulação da ANEEL. As evidências sugerem que, no Brasil, o enforcement regulatório do setor elétrico se mostra como variável de interesse para os investidores.
Adoção do CPC 47 (IFRS 15) nas Empresas do Setor de Telecomunicações Listadas na B3
Authors: Silva Deise Ivanilda da , Pierri Junior Marcelo Antonio
Published: January 2021

O IASB (International Account Standards Board) em conjunto com o FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board), emitiu uma nova norma contábil para o reconhecimento de receitas o IFRS 15. Essa nova norma foi adotada pelo Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis (CPC), que a converteu e emitiu um novo pronunciamento o CPC 47 – Receita de Contrato com Cliente, no qual trouxe mudanças na contabilização de receitas geradas através de transações realizadas a partir de contratos com clientes. Desta forma, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é identificar o nível de aderência aos requisitos do CPC 47 (IFRS 15) – Receita de Contrato com o Cliente e os impactos obtidos pelas empresas com a adoção desse novo CPC. A pesquisa quanto aos procedimentos técnicos é caracterizada como documental, pois as analises foram realizadas através das notas explicativas. A amostra é composta por cinco empresas de telecomunicações. Dentre as cinco empresa de telecomunicações foi constatado que a companhia Algar e Telef apresentou 83,33% de conformidade aos requisitos do CPC 47, a Tim 66,67%, a Oi 50%.Sobre os impactos sofridos pela nova norma, quatros empresas caracterizaram impactos e uma informou não obter impacto por já realizar reconhecimento da mesma forma que o CPC 47 exige.
FIXED: MULHERES EXECUTIVAS NA GESTÃO DAS EMPRESAS DO NOVO MERCADO
Authors: Kaveski Itzhak David Simão , Ferreira Nilsilene Campos , Freitas Admir Santos de
Published: January 2021

A literatura dispõe de algumas evidências empíricas dos efeitos de mulheres executivas na gestão para aumentar o desempenho organizacional. Assim, este estudo objetiva verificar se o desempenho das empresas listadas no segmento do Novo Mercado da [B]³ está relacionado com a presença de mulheres no conselho de administração, na presidência do conselho de administração e no cargo de CEO. A população da pesquisa compreendeu 133 empresas, com uma amostra de 118 empresas, no período de 2014 a 2019. Para medir a representação feminina foram utilizadas as variáveis de diversidade no conselho de administração, na presidência do conselho de administração e na diretoria executiva. Os achados apoiam que a presença de mulheres nos conselhos de administração das empresas listadas no segmento do Novo Mercado da [B]³ está positivamente relacionada ao desempenho organizacional, mais precisamente, a rentabilidade do ativo total. Contudo, quando o cargo de presidência do conselho de administração é assumido pelo sexo feminino, as organizações tiveram um baixo desempenho. Por fim, o resultado foi inconclusivo para diversidade de gênero na diretoria executiva. Conclui-se que as organizações necessitam ter uma maior prática de representação feminina na gestão, devido a justificativa moral de direitos iguais para a inclusão de mulheres no conselho de administração e nos altos cargos, questão essa que se baseia em senso de justiça, visto que há benefícios econômicos advindos da diversidade.
Instruções aos Autores (138-151)
Authors: Klein Luciana
Published: January 2021

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Primary immunodeficiency from B-cell defect: a case series of 6 patients seen in a national tertiary hospital in the Philippines
Authors: Tan-Lim Carol Stephanie C. , Castor Mary Anne R.
Published: January 2021

Primary immunodeficiency disorders, although rare, pose a significant burden in the quality of life of afflicted patients and their families. The most common of these disorders are caused by B-cell defects. A total of 6 patients were seen and diagnosed in a national tertiary hospital in the Philippines from 1996 to 2018. These patients were admitted due to various infections, and were subsequently diagnosed to have B-cell defects. Four out of the 6 patients have genetic studies confirming the diagnosis of X-linked agammaglobulinemia. One patient succumbed to sepsis at 10 years of age, while the rest are on follow-up at the Philippine General Hospital for intravenous immunoglobulin infusion.