bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation, characterization and response surface method optimization of cellulose from hybridized agricultural wastes
Authors: Rasheed Hauwa A. , Adeleke Adekunle A. , Nzerem Petrus , Olosho Adebayo I. , Ogedengbe Temitayo S. , Jesuloluwa Seun
Published: June 2024

This study explores the utilization of eight readily available agricultural waste varieties in Nigeria—sugarcane bagasse, corn husk, corn cob, wheat husk, melina, acacia, mahogany, and ironwood sawdust—as potential sources of cellulose. Gravimetric analysis was employed to assess the cellulose content of these wastes, following which two selected wastes were combined based on their cellulose content and abundance to serve as the raw material for the extraction process. Response Surface Methodology, including Box-Behnken design, was applied to enhance control over variables, establish an optimal starting point, and determine the most favorable reaction conditions. The cellulose extracted under various conditions was comprehensively examined for content, structure, extent of crystallinity, and morphological properties. Characterization techniques such as X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy were employed for detailed analysis. Compositional analysis revealed sugarcane bagasse and corn cob to possess the highest cellulose content, at 41 ± 0.41% and 40 ± 0.32% respectively, with FTIR analysis confirming relatively low C=C bond intensity in these samples. RSM optimization indicated a potential 46% isolated yield from a hybrid composition of sugarcane bagasse and corn cob at NaOH concentration of 2%, temperature of 45 °C, and 10 ml of 38% H2O2. However, FTIR analyses revealed the persistence of non-cellulosic materials in this sample. Further analysis demonstrated that cellulose isolated at NaOH concentration of 10%, temperature of 70 °C, and 20 ml of 38% H2O2 was of high purity, with a yield of 42%. Numerical optimization within this extraction condition range predicted a yield of 45.6% at NaOH concentration of 5%, temperature of 45 °C, and 20 ml of 38% H2O2. Model validation confirmed an actual yield of 43.9% at this condition, aligning closely with the predicted value. These findings underscore the significant potential of combinning and utilizing agricultural wastes as a valuable source of cellulose, paving the way for sustainable and resource-efficient practices in various industrial applications.
Comparative efficacy of peptide-based versus standard polymeric enteral nutrition in ICU patients at high nutritional risk: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bhurayanontachai Rungsun , Wacharasint Petch , Somboonviboon Dujrath , Sawawiboon Chaiwut
Published: June 2024

Within intensive care units (ICU), the administration of peptide-based formulas (PBF) may confer nutritional advantages for critically ill patients identified with heightened nutritional risk. This investigation aimed to ascertain the efficacy of PBF in comparison to standard polymeric formulas (SPF) among this patient cohort. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted across three ICUs, encompassing 63 adult patients characterized by elevated modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) scores. Enrollment occurred promptly subsequent to ICU admission, with participants allocated to receive either PBF or SPF. Primary outcome was the duration to achieve caloric targets. Secondary outcomes involved the evaluation of mean daily gastric residual volume, mechanical ventilation period, infection rates within the ICU, length of hospitalization, mortality rates, nutritional status and inflammatory markers, specifically serum albumin and interleukin-6 levels. Patients in the PBF group reached their caloric targets more expeditiously compared to the SPF group (2.06 ± 0.43 days versus 2.39 ± 0.79 days; p = 0.03). No significant differences were discernible between the groups regarding gastric residual volume, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, mortality, or infection rates. Both cohorts exhibited minimal adverse effects and were devoid of any instances of abdominal distension. While not reaching statistical significance, the observed trends in albumin and interleukin-6 levels suggest a potential advantage of PBF utilization. The implementation of PBF enabled swifter attainment of caloric goals in ICU patients at high nutritional risk without adversely impacting other clinical parameters. Given its favorable tolerance profile and potential immunomodulatory properties, PBF may be considered a valuable nutritional intervention in this setting.

Thai Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20220221006. Registered 21 February 2022, https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20220221006.
Multi-step real-time prediction of hard-rock TBM penetration rate combining temporal convolutional network and squeeze-and-excitation block
Authors: Li Long , Liu ZaoBao , Fang Xingli , Qi Wenbiao
Published: June 2024

Accurate penetration rate prediction enhances rock-breaking efficiency and reduces disc cutter damage in tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction. However, this process faces significant challenges such as the high uncertainty of ground conditions and the complexity of maintaining optimal TBM operation in long and large tunnels. To address these challenges, we propose TCN-SENet++, a novel hybrid multistep real-time penetration rate prediction model that combines a temporal convolutional network (TCN) and a squeeze-and-excitation (SENet) block for aided tunneling. This study aims to demonstrate the application of TCN-SENet++, as well as other models such as RNN, LSTM, GRU, and TCN, for TBM penetration rate prediction. The model was developed using actual datasets collected from the Yin-Song diversion project. We employ a 30-s time step to predict the future time steps of the penetration rate (1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th). The features that influence the penetration rate, such as the cutterhead torque, thrust, and cutterhead power, were considered. A comparative analysis using the mean absolute error and mean squared error revealed that the TCN-SENet++ model outperformed the other models, including RNN, LSTM, GRU, TCN, and TCN-SENet+. In comparison, TCN-SENet++ achieved average MSE reductions of 18%, 6%, 3%, 1%, and 2%, respectively. The TCN-SENet++ model demonstrated fewer errors in the new project, validating its effectiveness and suitability for real-time penetration rate prediction in TBM construction.
Investigating the three-dimensional myocardial micro-architecture in the laminar structure using X-ray phase-contrast microtomography
Authors: Wang Shunli , Wang Yan , Li Zhaorui , Zhao Yifei , Zhang Ying , Varray François
Published: June 2024

A comprehensive grasp of the myocardial micro-architecture is essential for understanding diverse heart functions. This study aimed to investigate three-dimensional (3D) cardiomyocyte arrangement in the laminar structure using X-ray phase-contrast microtomography. Using the ID-19 beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, we imaged human left ventricular (LV) wall transparietal samples and reconstructed them with an isotropic voxel edge length of 3.5 μm. From the reconstructed volumes, we extracted different regions to analyze the orientation distribution of local cardiomyocyte aggregates, presenting findings in terms of helix and intrusion angles. In regions containing one sheetlet population, we observed cardiomyocyte aggregates running along the local LV wall’s radial direction at the border of sheetlets, branching and merging into a complex network around connecting points of different sheetlets, and bending to accommodate vessel passages. In regions with two sheetlet populations, the helix angle of local cardiomyocyte aggregates experiences a nonmonotonic change, and some cardiomyocyte aggregates run along the local radial direction. X-ray phase-contrast microtomography is a valuable technique for investigating the 3D local myocardial architecture at microscopic level. The arrangement of local cardiomyocyte aggregates in the LV wall proves to be both regional and complex, intricately linked to the local laminar structure.
Performance evaluation of the digital morphology analyser Sysmex DI-60 for white blood cell differentials in abnormal samples
Authors: Zhao Yan , Diao Yingying , Zheng Jun , Li Xinyao , Luan Hong
Published: June 2024

Sysmex DI-60 enumerates and classifies leukocytes. Limited research has evaluated the performance of Sysmex DI-60 in abnormal samples, and most focused on leukopenic samples. We evaluate the efficacy of DI-60 in determining white blood cell (WBC) differentials in normal and abnormal samples in different WBC count. Peripheral blood smears (n = 166) were categorised into normal control and disease groups, and further divided into moderate and severe leucocytosis, mild leucocytosis, normal, mild leukopenia, and moderate and severe leukopenia groups based on WBC count. DI-60 preclassification and verification and manual counting results were assessed using Bland–Altman and Passing–Bablok regression analyses. The Kappa test compared the concordance in the abnormal cell detection between DI-60 and manual counting. DI-60 exhibited notable overall sensitivity and specificity for all cells, except basophils. The correlation between the DI-60 preclassification and manual counting was high for segmented neutrophils, band neutrophils, lymphocytes, and blasts, and improved for all cell classes after verification. The mean difference between DI-60 and manual counting for all cell classes was significantly high in moderate and severe leucocytosis (WBC > 30.0 × 109/L) and moderate and severe leukopenia (WBC < 1.5 × 109/L) groups. For blast cells, immature granulocytes, and atypical lymphocytes, the DI-60 verification results were similar to the manual counting results. Plasma cells showed poor agreement. In conclusion, DI-60 demonstrates consistent and reliable analysis of WBC differentials within the range of 1.5–30.0 × 109. Manual counting was indispensable in examining moderate and severe leucocytosis samples, moderate and severe leukopenia samples, and in enumerating of monocytes and plasma cells.
Macro–micro coordination optimization of lead iodide reactivity toward millimeter-to-centimeter-scale perovskite solar cells with minimal efficiency loss
Authors: Zhong Yang , Liu Zhipeng , Luo Xiao , Liu Gengling , Wang Xueying , He Jiacheng , Sheng Wangping , Yu Dejian , Liang Chao , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang
Published: June 2024

A macro–micro synergistic strategy to optimize the spreadability and reactivity of PbI2, which can accelerate the diffusion of an organic cation solution macroscopically and completely convert PbI2 into an optically active phase microscopically.
Lead (Pb) management in the entire life cycle of highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Kai , Hu Tianxiang , Cai Zenghua , Liu Fengcai , Rafique Saqib , Li Xiaoguo , Deng Liangliang , Li Chongyuan , Wang Yanyan , Guo Qiang , Yue Xiaofei , Wang Jiao , Yang Yingguo , Cong Chunxiao , Chen Shiyou , Zhang Jia , Yu Anran , Zhan Yiqiang
Published: June 2024

Through Pb-related-issues-management covering the entire life cycles of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) via BP additives, the highly efficient, ultra-stable and environmentally-friendly PSCs have been successfully developed.
A D–A–D-type di-lophine derivative-based photoactive metal–organic framework: fluorescence sensing of UO22+ and photochromic behavior
Authors: Cheng Yu-jian , Chen Zi-tong , Ji Hao-ran , Chen Yuan , Li Bao
Published: June 2024

A cadmium-based photoactive MOF was designed to achieve fluorescence sensing to various hazardous analytes, especially UO22+, and to exhibit photochromic behavior in response to light exposure.
A fluorine/oxygen co-doping scheme for biomass carbon provides excellent rapid reaction kinetics for sodium/potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Yang Liuchao , He Bin , Li Mingxin , Li Shenghu , Xiao Dan , Wang Yujue , Meng Yan , Zhao Qian , Yue Qu , Feng Wei
Published: June 2024

Hard carbons have broad prospects of application in potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs).
Regulating interface interaction in alumina/graphene composites with nano alumina coating transition layers
Authors: Hu Yan-Ze , Li Jing , Luo Li-Li , Hu Shuang-Lin , Shen Hua-Hai , Long Xing-Gui
Published: June 2024

The structure and properties of graphene/alumina composites are affected by the interface interaction.
Reparameterization of GFN1-xTB for atmospheric molecular clusters: applications to multi-acid–multi-base systems
Authors: Knattrup Yosef , Kubečka Jakub , Wu Haide , Jensen Frank , Elm Jonas
Published: June 2024

Reparameterization of GFN1-xTB for atmospheric molecular clusters leads to a massive decrease in energy errors and deviation.
Structured bubbling in vibrated gas-fluidized beds of binary granular particles: experiments and simulations
Authors: Sanghishetty Jagan Mohan , Russ Naimah M. , Spitler Christopher , Guo Qiang , Nagaraj D. R. , Farinato Raymond S. , Boyce Christopher M.
Published: June 2024

Mixing and segregation of granular particles on the basis of size and density from vertical vibration or upward gas flow is critical to a wide range of industrial, agricultural and natural processes.
PV-Wind-Battery based Hybrid Standalone Microgrid with Seven Level Parallel Inverter
Authors: Jakhar Sunil Kumar , M P Sunil , Goswami Sachin , Yadav Dhyan Chandra
Published: June 2024

Electricity generation using a combination of renewable energy sources is an effective solution for addressing various challenges. To optimize the system’s performance, it is essential to integrate a multilevel inverter between the DC-link and the load bus. Despite the complexity associated with multilevel inverters due to a high number of switches, this paper introduces a control methodology in closed-loop for a 7-level parallel inverter to enhance power quality. The study focuses on a PMSG coupled wind power conversion unit, as well as a photovoltaic (PV) and battery powered standalone power supply system. The parallel multilevel topology being proposed necessitates only half the amount of switches in comparison to traditional topologies. Additionally, a novel Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) method is employed to generate the necessary pulses for the inverter. The Hardware – in the – Loop (HIL) simulation with OPAL-RT devices is performed to assess the system’s reaction in different operational scenarios.
Optimal Sizing and Operation of Standalone Power Systems for Remote Industrial Applications
Authors: Dhilip Kumar R. , Khatarkar Poonam , Rufina Princy , Hussien Jasim L. , Balmiki Vinod , Gadhave Subhash
Published: June 2024

This paper reviews the work in the areas of optimal sizing and operation of standalone power systems for remote industrial applications. The first study delves into an innovative approach applied to sizing in a hybrid power system, focusing on meeting the demands of a residential area in south-east Iran. This system integrates fuel cells, wind units, electrolysers, a reformer, an anaerobic reactor, and hydrogen tanks, utilizing biomass as an energy resource. The system’s design ensures that power produced from wind turbines and fuel cells meets the demand, with excess power directed to the electrolyser and shortages supplemented by stored hydrogen. The primary objective is cost minimization using the PSO algorithm. The subsequent studies emphasize the accelerated development of eco-friendly technologies shaping the future of electric power generation. They present a methodology for capacity optimization of a residential standalone microgrid, incorporating renewable energy sources, diesel generators, and battery storage systems. The microgrid caters to both typical residential loads and electric vehicle charging demands. Through intricate optimization, the studies aim to minimize costs, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and limit dump energy. The research also explores the impact of load shifting on distributed generators and storage systems, offering valuable insights for decision-makers and policy developers.
Environmental Impact Assessment of Offshore Wind Farms in Deep Waters
Authors: Alawady Ahmad , S Senthurya , Saritha G. , Pathani Ashish , Singh Akhilesh , Sherje Nitin P.
Published: June 2024

This review article delves into the environmental impact assessment of offshore wind farms in deep waters. Insights are drawn from lessons assessing the impacts of offshore wind projects on marine life, particularly marine mammals and seabirds. These lessons underscore the importance of collecting robust baseline data, understanding populationlevel implications, and learning from other industries to refine environmental risk assessments. Brazil’s emerging offshore wind industry serves as a backdrop to illustrate the complexities of balancing renewable energy ambitions with environmental considerations. Meanwhile, a qualitative review sheds light on potential environmental repercussions of deepwater, floating offshore wind facilities. Factors such as atmospheric changes, habitat disruptions, and underwater noise disturbances are examined. As the global pursuit of offshore wind energy intensifies, the review emphasises the need for strategic data collection, effective mitigation strategies, and informed decision-making to minimize environmental impacts whilst capitalising on renewable energy.
Estimation of Probability Distribution Function and Wind Energy Potential for Higher Heights
Authors: Nidhya M.S. , Upadhyay Ramakant , Alam Intekhab , Singh Kulhar Kuldeep
Published: June 2024

This paper focuses on analyzing wind characteristics at Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology. Wind characteristics are site dependents, so it is reasonable that different wind regimes may have different wind speed distributions. Distributions appeared in the literature are revisited and a comparison between these distributions is carried out. Modified maximum likelihood method in Weibull distribution has shown better results over other. Justus and Mikhail method is used for vertical extrapolation of wind power density for higher heights. As a conclusion, the highest wind energy potential value was found in the month of June while the lowest value was encountered in November.
Assessing environmental impacts of offshore wind farms: Lessons learned and recommendations for the future
Authors: Rahman F. , Kumar Pawan
Published: June 2024

The worldwide shift towards sustainable energy resources has spurred a notable uptick in the establishment of deep-sea offshore wind farms. Offshore wind power emerges as a hopeful remedy to combat climate change and decrease the reliance on fossil fuels. Nevertheless, the establishment, functioning, and decommissioning of these offshore wind farms carry the possibility of causing adverse environmental consequences. This research undertakes a thorough evaluation of the environmental consequences of offshore wind farms located in deep waters, intending to assess their potential impacts on marine ecosystems, wildlife, seafloor habitats, and coastal communities through an extensive Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The findings from this assessment provide valuable insights for sustainable offshore wind farm development, emphasizing responsible planning and environmental stewardship to achieve a balance between renewable energy generation and environmental conservation.
Power Efficient Voltage Regulation System for Improved Power Generation in Wind Mills
Authors: Vij Priya , Yadav Kamlesh Kumar
Published: June 2024

The power distribution systems with the wind energy backup have been well studied. There exist number of approaches in regulating required voltage for the electrical devices which uses only few parameters like number of connections, number of devices and residual voltage in various sources. However, they suffer to achieve higher performance in voltage regulation. To handle this issue, an Power Efficient Voltage Regulation Model (PEVRM) is presented in this article. The model has number of wind sources connected to the power grids of the distribution system. By monitoring the load produced by various wind sources and the residual energy of various power grids, the method perform voltage regulation. With the features of power trace maintained and the current peak load produced by various wind sources with the required output voltage, the method performs voltage regulation. The selection of wind source and power grid plays vital role in achieving higher performance in voltage regulation. To perform this, the method identifies set of grid sources and their features in terms of voltage available. Similarly, the set of wind sources are identified and their features are extracted. Using this information, the method computes the value of Wind Stability Support (WSS) and Grid Stability Support (GSS) and Peak Load Support (PLS). Using these measures, the method identifies the set of grid sources and wind sources to support the current cycle and perform voltage regulation. The proposed method improves the performance of voltage regulation and power stability.
TS-Fuzzy Associated DTC of Three Phase Induction Motor Drive for Water Pumping from Single Phase Supply
Authors: Raghutu Ramakrishna , Manoj Vasupalli , Yegireddy Narendra Kumar
Published: June 2024

Aqua farms necessitate an uninterrupted power supply in order to run three-phase induction motors and sustain optimal oxygen levels. Hence, it is necessary to convert single to three-phase power in order to operate the motors and use diesel generators during power outages. Unfortunately, heavy diesel consumption poses challenges in aqua culture. To address this, integrating a photovoltaic (PV) and wind generator system can help reduce diesel consumption. However, both wind and solar energy are dependent on nature and unpredictable. Therefore, a small-sized battery is also integrated into the system. An effective energy management system is essential for achieving a cost-efficient system with optimal performance. The battery is employed to respond during transitional time periods. The suggested energy management system has the capability to minimize diesel usage by operating at peak efficiency. The battery can be replenished from both PV and wind sources. Any surplus power from these sources can be transferred to the single-phase grid in order to decrease electricity expenses. DC to DC converters, based on sliding mode controllers, are integrated to uphold a steady DC-link voltage. The supply from the single-phase grid is converted to DC and then boosted to the rated voltage to obtain sufficient three-phase AC voltage through an inverter. The proposed controller aims to reduce ripples in motor torque, thereby improving the lifetime of system components and reducing power consumption. An induction motor is controlled using a TS-Fuzzy based speed sensorless direct torque controller and a three-phase inverter to reduce torque fluctuations. The performance of the proposed system is validated using the Hardware – in the – Loop (HIL) on OPAL-RT platform associated with MATLAB/Simulink, and the results are presented comprehensively to demonstrate its effectiveness in both steady state and transient conditions.
Analysing the Impact of Electricity Market Reforms on Small Producers
Authors: Joshi Sanjeev Kumar , Tolib Absalamov , Alzubaidi Laith H. , Vanaja T. , Margarat G. Simi , Kumar R. Senthil , Raja Kumar Jambi Ratna
Published: June 2024

Electricity market reforms, pivotal in shaping the energy landscapes of both developed and emerging economies, have garnered significant attention in academic and policy circles. This review, drawing from existing research, seeks to understand the nuanced implications of these reforms, particularly on small producers who are integral to the energy matrix. By synthesising insights from seminal works on the subject, we aim to elucidate the multifaceted consequences of electricity market reforms. Our exploration reveals that while reforms can potentially streamline operations and optimise price-cost margins, their tangible impact is moulded by diverse factors, from fuel costs and technological shifts to market structures. The intricate relationship between regulatory accounting, tariff dynamics, and the overarching goals of market regulators emerges as a recurrent theme. As the global energy paradigm undergoes transformation, this review underscores the need for a holistic understanding of market reforms, ensuring a balanced and sustainable energy future for all players in the sector.
Stability Analysis of a Line Voltage using FACTS Devices
Authors: Ezhilarasan G. , Saxena Vijay , Agrawal Trapty , Singar Mahendra Kumar
Published: June 2024

The analysis of voltage stability in power system networks is outlined in this document. The Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI) is employed to evaluate the condition of the power lines under both normal and critical load situations. It aids in identifying the vulnerable buses that require reactive power compensation. Reactive power compensation is achieved by utilizing a series of interconnected FACTS devices, which effectively improve the stability limit and mitigate the risk of voltage collapse in strained transmission lines. The paper showcases the effective utilization of FVSI in assessing the stability of transmission line voltages. Discussion has also taken place regarding the enhancement of bus voltage stability, improved line flows, and reduction of losses through the application of series FACTS compensation. The examinations were conducted on IEEE30, IEEE 57, and IEEE118 bus networks.
Five-Level DSTATCOM for Power Quality Improvement Using Intelligent Controllers
Authors: Singh Satendra , Jessie Rani Hannah R. , Tyagi Rajneesh Kumar , Kulhar Kuldeep Singh
Published: June 2024

Addressing power quality issues is an important task for power engineers as a small disturbance in power system can initiate hefty disaster to the loads connected at user point. FACTS controllers are latest devices which can improve power system stability in case of voltage sag/swell and presence of harmonics. DSTATCOM in distribution system is one of the fine FACTS controllers which can address power quality issues. DSTATCOM is a voltage source converter connected at PCC delivering a three-level output. This 3- level output consists of harmonics which insists for high sized filters increasing system cost. This paper depicts five-level DSTATCOM connected to distribution system delivering qualified output reducing amount of harmonics which excludes high sized filters improving system efficiency and making system economic. PQ theory was employed to drive DSTATCOM. Fuzzy technique in PQ theory of controlling five-level DSTATCOM is presented in this paper comparing with conventional PI controller performance of reducing harmonics in distribution system.
Deep learning Algorithm Based Improved Voltage Switching Model for Efficient Power Stability in Power Grids
Authors: Madhavrao Deshmukh Shailesh
Published: June 2024

The problem of power stability in electrical systems has been well analyzed. There exist number of approaches to handle the issue which consider the factors like residual energy in various power grids of the system. However, they suffer to achieve higher performance in power stability. To handle this issue, an efficient deep learning based voltage switching model (DLVSM) is presented in this article. The proposed model adapts deep neural network towards the selection of electrical circuit from the list of serially connected grids. As the grids have their own residual energy and varying voltage production, the proposed model trains the network with different features like average voltage generation, average output voltage and residual energy. Using all these factors, the neurons are designed to measure the Optimized Power Stability Factor (OPSF) for various patterns of grid circuit. The network is designed with number of intermediate layers where each layer has set of neurons which estimates the Power stability factor (PSF) for specific grid unit. The output layer neurons estimates OPSF value for various sequences of grids. Based on the value of OPSF, the proposed model identifies a specific sequence and performs voltage switching to maintain the power stability in the electrical systems. The proposed model improves the performance of power stability and reduces voltage loss.
Wide range hybrid boost DC-DC converter with active clamp for fuel cell applications
Authors: Srivastava Manish , Raghavendra R. , Gautam Chandra Kant , Kulhar Kuldeep Singh
Published: June 2024

With growing technologies, the exhaustion procedure of fossil fuels occurs at a faster pace. At the moment, research area mainly emphasizes on efficient utilization of the renewable energy resources. To achieve this, many converters have been developed over the years, but there exist some disadvantages in almost all the topologies which may be related to either the gain of the converter, or the overall efficiency, or the voltage stabilization, or the ripple content etc. In this paper, an active clamped, high gain, hybrid, forward boost converter has been developed which will attenuate the abovementioned problems that are observed in the conventional converters. In the proposed converter topology, two modes are attainable, which maybe further controlled using a push button only. One of the modes involves the closing of the push button, wherein the input voltage will be less and with the help of a less duty cycle, expected voltage is acquired. This mode is known as a hybrid mode. In the second mode i.e. boost mode, required output voltage is obtained from the lower input voltage. In both the modes, high gain and high efficiency are obtained from the converter. The converter simulation and the required results are furnished and provided.
Machine Learning Based Power Regulation for Smart Multi Storage Building
Authors: Mishra Nidhi , Choubey Shilpi
Published: June 2024

The problem of power regulation has been well studied and there exist number of approaches in regulating the power supply to multi storage buildings. Some of the method uses number of supply units present in each floor, and number of control units present in the floors of the building. However, they suffer to achieve higher performance in power regulation. To handle this issue, a Genetic Algorithm Based power regulation model (GAPRM) is presented in this paper. The model considers various factors like number of electric stoves, no of heater, no of iron, no of vacuum cleaner, no of television, no of hair dryer, no of refrigerator, no of electric kettle, no of microwave oven, no of washing machines and Voltage requirement of each towards power regulation. The model fetches the details of each storage level and identifies the set of all electric devices present in the floor. Using these details, the method converts them into feature vector. With the incoming voltage, the method applies genetic algorithm to identify maximum units can be triggered with the supply at each floor. The genetic algorithm generates number of mutations and for each mutation; the method computes the fitness value in the name of Smart Voltage Fitness (SVF) measure. Based on the value of SVF, the method populates a subset of population. For the selected population, the method computes Power Regulation Value (PRV). According to the value of PRV, specific voltage has been regulated to the specific storage. This will be iterated for each storage level of the building. The proposed method improves the performance of power regulation in smart multi storage building.
Thermoelectric Superconductors for Energy Harvesting and Cooling Applications
Authors: Hussien Jasim L. , Umarani K. , Jasmin M. , Pathani Ashish , Katare Shivam , Chaudhary Amit
Published: June 2024

This article reviews two key areas in the field of thermoelectric superconductors used for gathering energy and cooling systems. The first area looks at a special kind of material called double perovskites. These materials are not only good for solar energy but also have unique features that make them useful for thermoelectric applications. For example, their structure and properties change depending on the type of halogen used, and they show promise for converting heat into electricity efficiently. The second area focuses on a new design of thermoelectric devices, made up of tiny energy generators called nanoTEGs. These are built on a silicon-basedmembrane and are designed to be highly efficient in managing heat. Initial tests have shown that these devices can generate a small amount of power, even with a modest temperature difference. This suggests that they could be used in future for tasks like measuring temperature or detecting airflow. Both of these areas offer exciting possibilities for improving how we harvest energy and manage heat, opening up new avenues for sustainable technology solutions.
Biodegradable Battery Materials for Sustainable Energy Storage
Authors: Radie Alawadi Ahmed Hussien , Hussein Alawadi Ahmed , Achilov A.S. , R Reena , Subburam S. , U Dhivya Dharshini , Javanjal Vijaykumar
Published: June 2024

This review presents a comprehensive perspective on the evolution of biodegradable battery materials within the context of sustainable energy storage, emphasizing their burgeoning significance. The exploration encompasses the transition towards paper-based batteries, a pivotal step towards ecologically friendly, lightweight, and cost-effective energy storage systems, alongside the introduction of novel sodium-ion hybrid electrolyte batteries that address growing environmental concerns through replaceable components. Moreover, the promise of organic sodium electrodes, derived from renewable biomass resources, potentially revolutionizes battery technology with materials that align with environmental principles. Furthermore, the review elucidates the potential of biodegradable organic materials within sodium-based batteries, underscoring their capacity to mitigate environmental impact. Drawing from these diverse sources, this review serves as a comprehensive exploration of the evolving landscape of biodegradable battery materials, illuminating their role in shaping a sustainable energy future.
Review of Renewable Energy, Sustainability Concerns, and Climate Solutions for Smart Cities
Authors: Sharma Kunal , A K Dasarathy , Upadhyay Ramakant , Kulhar Kuldeep Singh
Published: June 2024

Smart cities are pioneering sustainability by integrating renewable energy sources. This review explores the dynamic interplay between renewables, sustainability challenges, and climate solutions in smart cities. Urban populations’ demands for energy efficiency are met by adopting renewables like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and fostering economic growth. Sustainable building materials and green designs are promoted, along with electric vehicles for enhanced mobility and reduced emissions. Challenges include technological adoption, economic constraints, and effective regulation. Despite these, smart cities remain committed to sustainable urban development. The future holds promise with the expansion of renewables, the adoption of circular economy principles, and the prevalence of electric vehicles in urban transit. Emerging technologies like AI and IoT will optimize energy use, provide real-time insights, and enhance governance. Smart cities lead the way towards a more sustainable urban future.
Automated Smart Crop Protection Utilising IoT: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Vaish Rohit , Al-Shaikh Sadiq M. , Kumar Shah Sanjeev , C Gayathri , Dhabliya Dharmesh , Vimala Devi R.
Published: June 2024

In the modern agricultural landscape, the surge in demand for organic farming accentuates the imperative of continuous plant health monitoring. This becomes even more paramount when ensuring both the quality and quantity of produce. Crop devastation by wild and domestic animals, coupled with the challenge of maintaining optimal soil conditions, necessitates innovative solutions, particularly in settings where round-the clock human surveillance is not viable. This review delves into an advanced, automated crop protection system, amalgamating the prowess of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to address these multifaceted issues. The objective of the highlighted research is to craft a remote system capable of ceaseless soil moisture assessment, thereby optimizing plant health and yield. Enhancing the efficiency and longevity of this system, the Exponential Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) event detection algorithm has been incorporated. Furthermore, the system safeguards agricultural territories from intruders and wild animal threats, offering farmers a robust mechanism to prevent substantial financial losses and ensuring they yield healthier, abundant crops.
Bilateral Lung Injury with Delayed Pneumothorax following Preoperative Cryoanalgesia for Pectus Excavatum Repair in a 13-year-old Boy
Authors: Massaguer Clara , Saura-García Laura , Palazón Pedro , Echaniz Gastón , Roqueta Alcaraz Maria Carme , Tarrado Xavier
Published: June 2024

A 13-year-old male patient with marfanoid features and pectus excavatum with Haller index 4 and correction index of 38% underwent the Nuss procedure with cryoanalgesia 9 days prior, which transpired uneventfully. Preoperative spirometry was normal, and echocardiogram showed light aortic valve dilation. A month later, during a routine outpatient checkup, he referred middle abdominal pain, denying respiratory symptoms nor thoracic pain. He presented bilateral apical and right basal hypophonesis. Chest X-ray revealed bilateral pneumothorax and right pleural effusion. Consequently, the patient was admitted to the emergency room, and a chest computed tomography was ordered, reporting right apical blebs. Bilateral thoracoscopy was performed, and apexes were checked for pulmonary blebs to rule out primary pneumothorax. In the right chest, a wedge resection of a distorted area on the apex and pleuroabrasion were done. Four air leaking eschars were found when performing lung expansion under water as leaking test, corresponding to cryoanalgesia intercostal eschars, and subsequently closed by primary suture. In the left chest, there were no blebs. However, another four pleural lesions with intact pleura in the left lower lobe were also found. Postoperative course was uneventful and chest drains were removed 48 hours after surgery. He remains asymptomatic 21 months after discharge.

Cryoanalgesia in pectus excavatum is spreading due to the improvement in postoperative pain control. However, some complications may occur.
“I wonder if you will be sad?”: Employing the concept of mentalization psychosocially with low-income mothers
Authors: Young Lisa Saville , Sweeney Siobhán Kinahan
Published: June 2024

We demonstrate the value of a rapprochement between psychoanalytic work aimed at supporting marginalized mothers and discursive accounts of low-income mothers, providing a psychosocial analysis of data from an interview study with six low-income South African mothers. Employing discourse analysis, we show how instrumental mothering is a dominant and precarious construction in these mothers’ talk. We use the concept of mentalization to track the affective work that accompanies the interactional emergence of this instrumental mothering discourse in a particular interview encounter. The implications of the research are discussed in the light of increasing demands for sociocultural responsive research and clinical practice.
Recent progress of metasurfaces in light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zeng Xin-Yi , Hou Hong-Yi , Li Yan-Qing , Tang Jian-Xin
Published: June 2024

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been known as the most widely used light source in lighting and displays for more than 60 years. There is still room for progress in the performance of LEDs, especially since the current devices with various types of different light-emitting layer materials have converged to unity in terms of internal quantum efficiency, and there is an urgent need to improve the light extraction efficiency. Metasurfaces (MSs) have received attention from researchers as structures that can be integrated with LEDs to efficiently modulate the phase and amplitude of light through resonance and scattering, which can reduce light loss. This paper reviews the development of metasurfaces in LEDs so far. The different working mechanisms of metasurfaces composed of different materials are first analyzed in depth. Subsequently, three aspects of light extraction, angle change, and polarization modulation are described in detail according to different applications of metasurfaces in LEDs. Finally, the current status of metasurface applications in LEDs is summarized, and the future development prospects are envisioned.
Mechanical responses and crystal plasticity model of CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy under ramp wave compression
Authors: Dong Jinlei , Zhang Xuping , Wang Guiji , Wu Xianqian , Luo Binqiang , Chen Xuemiao , Tan Fuli , Zhao Jianheng , Sun Chengwei
Published: June 2024

It is of substantial scientific significance and practical value to reveal and understand the multiscale mechanical properties and intrinsic mechanisms of medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) under high strain rates and pressures. In this study, the mechanical responses and deformation mechanisms of an equiatomic CoCrNi MEA are investigated utilizing magnetically driven ramp wave compression (RWC) with a strain rate of 105 s−1. The CoCrNi MEA demonstrates excellent dynamic mechanical responses and yield strength under RWC compared with other advanced materials. Multiscale characterizations reveal that grain refinement and abundant micromechanisms, including dislocation slip, stacking faults, nanotwin network, and Lomer–Cottrell locks, collectively contribute to its excellent performance during RWC. Furthermore, dense deformation twins and shear bands intersect, forming a weave-like microstructure that can disperse deformation and enhance plasticity. On the basis of these observations, we develop a modified crystal plasticity model with coupled dislocation and twinning mechanisms, providing a relatively accurate quantitative description of the multiscale behavior under RWC. The results of simulations indicate that the activation of multilevel microstructures in CoCrNi MEA is primarily attributable to stress inhomogeneities and localized strain during RWC. Our research offers valuable insights into the dynamic mechanical responses of CoCrNi MEA, positioning it as a promising material for use under extreme dynamic conditions.
Near-infrared nanosensors enable optical imaging of oxytocin with selectivity over vasopressin in acute mouse brain slices
Authors: Mun Jaewan , Navarro Nicole , Jeong Sanghwa , Ouassil Nicholas , Leem Esther , Beyene Abraham G. , Landry Markita P.
Published: June 2024

Oxytocin plays a critical role in regulating social behaviors, yet our understanding of its function in both neurological health and disease remains incomplete. Real-time oxytocin imaging probes with spatiotemporal resolution relevant to its endogenous signaling are required to fully elucidate oxytocin’s role in the brain. Herein, we describe a near-infrared oxytocin nanosensor (nIROXT), a synthetic probe capable of imaging oxytocin in the brain without interference from its structural analogue, vasopressin. nIROXT leverages the inherent tissue-transparent fluorescence of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and the molecular recognition capacity of an oxytocin receptor peptide fragment to selectively and reversibly image oxytocin. We employ these nanosensors to monitor electrically stimulated oxytocin release in brain tissue, revealing oxytocin release sites with a median size of 3 µm in the paraventricular nucleus of C57BL/6 mice, which putatively represents the spatial diffusion of oxytocin from its point of release. These data demonstrate that covalent SWCNT constructs, such as nIROXT, are powerful optical tools that can be leveraged to measure neuropeptide release in brain tissue.
Hydrogen isotope fractionation is controlled by CO
2
in coccolithophore lipids
Authors: Torres-Romero Ismael , Zhang Hongrui , Wijker Reto S. , Clark Alexander J. , McLeod Rachel E. , Jaggi Madalina , Stoll Heather M.
Published: June 2024

Hydrogen isotope ratios (δ
2
H) represent an important natural tracer of metabolic processes, but quantitative models of processes controlling H-fractionation in aquatic photosynthetic organisms are lacking. Here, we elucidate the underlying physiological controls of
2
H/
1
H fractionation in algal lipids by systematically manipulating temperature, light, and CO
2
(aq) in continuous cultures of the haptophyte
Gephyrocapsa oceanica
. We analyze the hydrogen isotope fractionation in alkenones (α
alkenone
), a class of acyl lipids specific to this species and other haptophyte algae. We find a strong decrease in the α
alkenone
with increasing CO
2
(aq) and confirm α
alkenone
correlates with temperature and light. Based on the known biosynthesis pathways, we develop a cellular model of the δ
2
H of algal acyl lipids to evaluate processes contributing to these controls on fractionation. Simulations show that longer residence times of NADPH in the chloroplast favor a greater exchange of NADPH with
2
H-richer intracellular water, increasing α
alkenone
. Higher chloroplast CO
2
(aq) and temperature shorten NADPH residence time by enhancing the carbon fixation and lipid synthesis rates. The inverse correlation of α
alkenone
to CO
2
(aq) in our cultures suggests that carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCM) do not achieve a constant saturation of CO
2
at the Rubisco site, but rather that chloroplast CO
2
varies with external CO
2
(aq). The pervasive inverse correlation of α
alkenone
with CO
2
(aq) in the modern and preindustrial ocean also suggests that natural populations may not attain a constant saturation of Rubisco with the CCM. Rather than reconstructing growth water, α
alkenone
may be a powerful tool to elucidate the carbon limitation of photosynthesis.
Community assembly influences plant trait economic spectra and functional trade-offs at ecosystem scales
Authors: Anderegg William R. L. , Martinez-Vilalta Jordi , Mencuccini Maurizio , Poyatos Rafael
Published: June 2024

Plant functional traits hold the potential to greatly improve the understanding and prediction of climate impacts on ecosystems and carbon cycle feedback to climate change. Traits are commonly used to place species along a global conservative-acquisitive trade-off, yet how and if functional traits and conservative-acquisitive trade-offs scale up to mediate community and ecosystem fluxes is largely unknown. Here, we combine functional trait datasets and multibiome datasets of forest water and carbon fluxes at the species, community, and ecosystem-levels to quantify the scaling of the tradeoff between maximum flux and sensitivity to vapor pressure deficit. We find a strong conservative-acquisitive trade-off at the species scale, which weakens modestly at the community scale and largely disappears at the ecosystem scale. Functional traits, particularly plant water transport (hydraulic) traits, are strongly associated with the key dimensions of the conservative-acquisitive trade-off at community and ecosystem scales, highlighting that trait composition appears to influence community and ecosystem flux dynamics. Our findings provide a foundation for improving carbon cycle models by revealing i) that plant hydraulic traits are most strongly associated with community- and ecosystem scale flux dynamics and ii) community assembly dynamics likely need to be considered explicitly, as they give rise to ecosystem-level flux dynamics that differ substantially from trade-offs identified at the species-level.
B

c
meson and its scalar cousin with QCD sum rules*
Authors: Wang 王 Zhi-Gang 志刚
Published: June 2024

In this study, we use the optical theorem to calculate the next-to-leading order corrections to the QCD spectral densities directly in the QCD sum rules for the pseudoscalar and scalar B

c
mesons. We use experimental data for guidance to perform an updated analysis. We obtain the masses and, in particular, decay constants, which are the fundamental input parameters in high energy physics. Ultimately, we obtain the pure leptonic decay widths, which can be compared with experimental data in the future.