bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CT-profile of bare jaundice in a Congolese population followed at The Rock Imaging Center in Kinshasa
Authors: Nekanda Bibiche Dongo , Tshungu Jean-Pierre , Kabongo Wa Kabuya Christian , Mazoba Tacite Kpanya , Thenene Dirk Ngoma , Lusilao Patrick Anelia , Isombeko Diallo Bomane , Tshabukole Munioka Xavier , Nsonde Nsiku Guillain , Tshikwela Michel Lelo , Aundu Antoine Molua , Mukaya Jean Tshibola
Published: April 2024

Context and objective. The prevalence of liver pathologies has been increasing since the advent of more sophisticated medical imaging methods. Our objective was to describe the CT aspects of liver pathologies observed at CIMR.
Methods. This was a descriptive observational study of a retrospective series of 304 cases received at the ROCHER Medical Imaging Center (CIMR) in Kinshasa over a period of 24 months, going from January 2020 to January 2022. The parameters of the interests were sociodemographic, clinical and CT.
Results. The average age was 55.42±16.6 years with the range from 35 to 71 years with a F/M sex ratio of 1.3. The characterization of a mass and the exploration of cholestasis represented the most frequent indications. Furthermore, the average age of patients with solid masses ( 57.2±9.9 years) was statistically higher (p=0.031) compared to the average age of patients with fluid masses (49.7± 9.8 years). Bile duct dilatations were accompanied by detectable masses in 88.2%. The same observation was made in the dilatations of VBIH and normal VBP (n=35) which were accompanied by tumor lesion in 88.6%. Out of a total of 146 cases of diffuse pathologies observed, cirrhosis was found in 85% compared to 15% of cases for fatty liver.
Conclusion. CT makes it possible to highlight liver pathologies in a certain frequency. Solid lesions classified LI-RADS 5 and LI-RADS 4 are the most common (18%). While biliary cysts and abscesses are the most commonly found fluid masses.
Understanding The Challenges Associated with Cooperative Learning: An Empirical Study with Primary School Teachers
Authors: Adl-Amini Katja
Published: April 2024

Cooperative learning includes effective methods for increasing student learning in primary school and heterogeneous classrooms. However, teachers do not use it very frequently. The present interview study investigates on which levels of the educational system primary teachers perceive difficulties associated with these methods to be located, and what kinds of conflicting demands they associate with it. The study provides important insights into how challenges related to cooperative learning may be addressed.
Zur Problematik kleinstädtischer Agglomerationen am Beispiel Leibnitz
Authors: Florian Martin , Tropper Anton , Zsilincsar Walter
Published: April 2024

Die Studie befasst sich mit dem Phänomen der urbanen Agglomeration, das bisher nur in großen und mittelgroßen Städten beobachtet werden konnte, heute jedoch auch kleinere zentrale Orte mit weniger als 10.000 Einwohnern einschließt. Agglomerationskerne wie die Bezirkshauptstadt Leibnitz leiden unter begrenzten Expansionsmöglichkeiten aufgrund des kleinen Verwaltungsbereichs. Dies betrifft wirtschaftliche sowie demografische Interessen und geht zu Lasten des finanziellen Potenzials der Kernstadt, während die umliegenden Gemeinden von wirtschaftlicher Expansion und Bevölkerungswachstum profitieren. Die Vereinigung der Vorortgemeinden mit der Zentralstadt wäre wahrscheinlich die klarste Reaktion auf die räumlichen Strukturen. Eine gute Alternative zur Stärkung der Interessen der gesamten Agglomeration könnte durch einen interkommunalen Finanzausgleich geboten werden. Die Idee einer gerechten Verteilung der finanziellen Lasten und Erträge, die sich aus wirtschaftlichen Investitionen, Arbeitsplatzschaffung, kommunalen Dienstleistungen usw. ergeben, unter allen Gemeinden der Agglomeration steht erst am Anfang.
Stadtregion Maribor
Authors: Drozg Vladimir
Published: April 2024

Der erste Teil dieses Beitrags befasst sich mit den Inhalten des Begriffs „Stadtregion“. Es handelt sich um ein Gebiet, das durch wirtschaftliche und soziale Beziehungen zwischen der Stadt und ihrer Umgebung definiert ist. Innerhalb dieser Parameter können die wirtschaftsgeografischen und sozio-geografischen Merkmale der Stadtregion definiert werden. Eine Stadtregion ist ein Gebiet, das sich im Laufe der Zeit und durch die Merkmale, die es definieren, verändert. Dies ist auch der Grund, warum wir es nicht ein für alle Mal definieren können. Es ist auch nicht möglich, es mit mehr als einem Element zu beschränken, da der räumliche Bereich der Elemente erheblich variiert. Der zweite Teil des Beitrags zeigt die Stadtregion Maribor. Dazu gehört ein großer Teil des nordöstlichen Sloweniens, unabhängig von den Parametern, mit denen man es definieren möchte. Man kann jedoch feststellen, dass die besagte Stadtregion im sozialen Sinn größer ist als im wirtschaftlichen.
Small scale gold mining effects on the miners and local communities in semi-arid region of Ethiopia
Authors: Meaza Hailemariam , Ali Mushir , Hishe Solomon , Tesfamariam Zbelo
Published: April 2024

North Ethiopian highlands are traditionally known for gold mining which has been means of livelihood of the rural community. The present work was conducted to investigate socio-economic conditions of gold miners, ways of obtaining the gold, their earning and negative consequences of the gold mining. On the basis of random sampling, 140 miners were interviewed. Moreover, focus group discussions transect walks and practical observations across the mining sites were made with team leaders on different issues of gold mining and its effects. Descriptive statistics was used to compute socio-economic characteristics, gold harvesting, and income dynamics. ANOVA was run to observe variations of income from gold mining and other sources, 2009 to 2012. The positive effects of gold mining for involved people were regarding income, employment, expenditure on education, health and food consumption. On the other hand, conflicting interest, communicable diseases, aggressive child labour, school dropouts, social disruptions and injuries were challenges of the small scale gold mining. The findings highlight that the income generated from small scale gold mining plays a pivotal role in reducing rural poverty. Therefore, providing integrated training for gold miners can mitigate the challenges of small scale gold mining and thereby to improve livelihoods of the small scale gold miners in Ethiopia.
Uvodnik
Authors: Lorber Lučka
Published: April 2024

Pred nami je deseti letnik Revije za Geografijo, ki jo izdaja Oddelek za geografijo Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Mariboru, katere glavni in odgovorni urednik je vsa ta leta doc. dr. Igor Žiberna. Člani Oddelka za geografijo smo se odločili, da posvetimo jubilejno izdajo zaslužnemu profesorju dr. Borutu Belcu, ki je praznoval 85. obletnico svojega življenja. Našemu dragemu profesorju čestitamo ob življenskem jubileju v imenu generacij študentov geografije in kolegov geografov.
Prispevek Boruta Belca k obravnavi obrobnih (marginalnih) območij Slovenije
Authors: Lorber Lučka
Published: April 2024

Slovenski geograf, zaslužni profesor Borut Belec je kot raziskovalec največ prispeval v drugi polovici 20. stoletja, ko sta bila za agrarno geografijo značilna predvsem nazadovanje njene teorije in obrobnost zanimanja vodilnih slovenskih geografov. Proučeval je spremembe v rabi tal obrobnih in obmejnih območij severovzhodne Slovenije. Njegovo aktivno sodelovanje v raziskovalnih projektih in zgodnja vključitev v mednarodni prostor je imela za posledico, da je svoje raziskave nadgradil s proučevanjem obrobnosti z vidika humanističnih komponent agrarne in regionalne geografije. Borut Belec je slovensko agrarno geografijo obogatil predvsem s proučevanjem rabe tal glede na razvoj vinogradništva v daljših časovnih obdobjih. Na lokalnem nivoju je raziskoval spremembe rabe tal in zaznal njene posledice na demografske spremembe, dnevno mobilnost delovne sile, obmejnost in prometno dostopnost obrobnih območij. Bil je začetnik znanstvenega pristopa proučevanja obrobnosti in marginalnosti v Sloveniji. Svoja znanstvena spoznanja je objavljal v priznanih revijah in predstavljal na mednarodnih geografskih kongresih. Z vključevanjem diplomantov v raziskovalno delo, je svoje znanje prenašal na nove generacije mladih geografov.
Change in the status of internally displaced Bosniaks of the Srebrenica municipality in the Tuzla canton during the period 2005-2015
Authors: Suljić Alija , Kadušić Alma , Mešanović Dževad , Smajić Sabahudin
Published: April 2024

The war during the period 1992-1995 has caused massive forced migrations of the population in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in this period about 1.2 million people fled beyond the borders of Bosnia and Herzegovina while about 1 million were displaced inside the country. After the Dayton Peace Agreement, there started the process of return of refugees and displaced persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, even after more than 20 years since the signing of the Agreement a significant number of refugees and displaced persons has not returned to their pre-war places of residence. This paper explores the number and the change in the status of the internally displaced Bosniaks of Srebrenica Municipality in the period 2005-2015, those who were residing in Tuzla Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the Federal Ministry of Refugees and Displaced Persons in Tuzla Canton, in 2005, the status of internally displaced persons had 2016 households with a total of 5549 members, and by 2015 this status has kept 1099 households with a total of 2867 members. The aim of this paper is to point out to some more significant factors that led to a reduction in the number of Bosniaks from the area of Srebrenica municipality who had the status of internally displaced persons in Tuzla Canton.
Climate changes in North Africa and the possibilities of adapting to it with ecosystem approaches
Authors: Vovk Korže Ana , Štefane Manuela
Published: April 2024

The article deals with geographical characteristics of North Africa with the focus on climate changes which are reflected in particular by the increase in the average temperatures and decrease of precipitation. These conditions have a direct impact on the reduction of agriculture and on the changes in land use. Further on, this has a direct impact on the way of life of people. The use of ecosystem technologies (imitation of nature) can be an easy and effective way to contain water in the region. Water also has a significant role in survival. Therefore, the use of ecoremediation (imitation of nature) in North Africa could mitigate climate changes.
Diversification of Tourism Offer as a Means of Socio-economic Development of Peripheral Regions – Case Study of Kupres
Authors: Mirić Ranko , Drešković Nusret , Avdić Boris
Published: April 2024

Many modern countries have significant problems with disparities in development between core and periphery. Municipality of Kupres in Bosnia and Herzegovina is one typical example of peripheral area, which is located within the sparsely populated region of Dinaric Karst Highland. It is taken for the case study in this paper, because it shows certain signs of economic activation in the field of tourism. However, its mainstream tourism offer is of seasonal character, and it is not sufficient for sustainable economic growth and significant progress in socio-economic sense. That is why tourism offer need to become more diversified. Methodology in this paper is focused on analysis of all potentials and motives that wider area of Kupres possesses, which can be valorized through systematic approach of institutions and local community. It is intended to emphasize a significance of geographical expertise in these kinds of problematic. Field research and GIS analysis are used for exploration of study area.
3D-CO2-modelling for waste management in Styria/Austria
Authors: Fischer Wolfgang , Simic Danko
Published: April 2024

The paper in hand focuses on a calculation model which had been developed for calculating the CO2 production of a garbage truck during a waste collection tour. The challenge is the integration of not only the distance and loading weight but also the different petrol consumption and therefore CO2 production in regard to the topography of the whole collection tour. Additionally the increase of waste load at each stop during the whole collection tour has to be taken into account for the calculation. The model has been developed on basis of Excel. In order to get the real data from the collection tours these had been accompanied. There not only the whole tour but also all waste bins and stops for loading the waste had been registered. Both GPS (Global Positioning System) and RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) had been used. The huge amount of data had to be scrubbed. This process of amending or removing data in a database that is incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or duplicated was an important step to have reliable data for further calculation processes. The identification of the CO2 production during a waste collection tour including the topography and continuous revenue load had not been done so far and allows the identification of tour segments with lower but mainly higher or very high ecological impact. However, this is the basis for further discussions about options for optimizing the actual tours and habits of waste collection. That approach is part of a more comprehensive investigation of waste collection tours with general focus on economic, ecologic and social potentials for optimization.
Onesnaženost zraka z delci PM10 v Mariboru, Ljubljani in Kopru v obdobju 2005–2014
Authors: Rebernak Uroš
Published: April 2024

Onesnaženost zraka ima velik vpliv na zdravje in počutje ljudi, poleg tega vpliva tudi na ostale žive organizme. V preteklosti je za najbolj problematično onesnaževalo veljal žveplov dioksid, po uvedbi goriv z nizko vsebnostjo žvepla ter izvedenih ukrepih v termoelektrarnah in industriji v Sloveniji težav z njim nimamo več. Sedaj je pri nas najbolj pereč problem onesnaženost zraka z ozonom in delci PM10. Članek analizira letne in dnevne režime delcev PM10 v Mariboru, Ljubljani in Kopru v obdobju 2005–2014, interpretira linearni trend koncentracij delcev PM10, primerja povprečne vrednosti delcev PM10 na vseh treh merilnih mestih in analizira primera dnevnih režimov ekstremno visokih koncentracij delcev PM10, ki sta ju povzročila ognjemeta in uporaba zasebne pirotehnike.
Predstavitev koncepta 1/5 vprašalnic na vektorju mobilnosti na primeru proučevanja izseljenskega turizma
Authors: Verbič Koprivšek Maruša
Published: April 2024

V članku je predstavljen raziskovalni koncept 1/5 vprašalnic na vektorju mobilnosti. Koncept je uporaben za meddisciplinarno proučevanje vseh vrst prostorske mobilnosti prebivalstva, v različne namene in na različnih ravneh zahtevnosti. Raba koncepta je praktično prikazana na primeru raziskovanja izseljenskega turizma, v prispevku je podana tudi prva definicija le-tega. S konceptom 1/5 vprašalnic na vektorju mobilnosti je raziskan izseljenski turizem slovenskih izseljencev iz Denverja, Kolorado, pri čemer so uporabljeni podatki, pridobljeni na podlagi zgodovinskih virov in literature, zlasti izseljenskega časopisja oziroma uradnih glasil nekaterih slovenskih bratskih podpornih organizacij v ZDA, ter terenskega raziskovanja.
Socialna sestava uporabnikov mestnega avtobusnega prometa v Mariboru
Authors: Drozg Vladimir
Published: April 2024

V prispevku je prikazana socialna sestava potnikov na mestnem avtobusnem prometu v Mariboru. Podatki so zbrani z opazovanjem (27.078 oseb) ter anketiranjem 532 potnikov, pri katerih smo povpraševali po starosti, izobrazbo, materialnem položaju, ekonomskem statusu ter nekaterih potovalnih navadah. Ugotovljeno je, da lahko večino uporabnikov avtobusnega prevoza razvrstimo v tri socialne skupine:  upokojene ženske, dijaki in študentje ter zaposlene ženske in moški srednjih let z nižjimi in srednjimi prejemki in srednješolsko izobrazbo (pripadniki srednjega sloja).
Tourism potentials of selected medieval fortresses in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Mirić Ranko , Drešković Nusret , Avdić Boris , Nezirović Senada
Published: April 2024

The medieval heritage in the context of cultural and historical tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina is often neglected, but the practice of other European countries shows that this segment of history can be exploited on a very high level. This is primarily related to large objects in the form of fortresses, which generally have a dominant position over the surrounding area. In Bosnia and Herzegovina there are a large number of such forts (over a hundred), which testify to the turbulent medieval past. The fact is also that a large number of such facilities are in an inadequate state, but there are also those who may or already have their tourist function. Within this paper, four examples of medieval forts in Bosnia and Herzegovina - two in the Bosna River valley and two in Northeast Bosnia, from the aspect of their tourism attractiveness and degree of valorization have been analyzed. The methodology in this paper is based on detailed empirical research conducted through very extensive field observation, with the application of combined qualitative and quantitative comparative method of tourism valorization. The particular method used in the paper was based on the application of GIS cartographic models for adequate spatial representation of the study objects.
Izredni profesor dr. Božidar Kert – pregled profesionalne poti ob njegovi devetdesetletnici
Authors: Kolnik Karmen , Konečink Kotnik Eva
Published: April 2024

V članku je podan analitični pregled štirih področij profesionalnega dela dr. Božidarja Kerta ob njegovi 90.letnici. Na osnovi njegovih bibliografskih enot, zapisov štirih dolgoletnih sodelavcev ter s pol strukturiranim intervjujem jubilanta,  smo v kombinaciji z analizo obstoječih objavljenih in tudi njegovih osebnih, neobjavljenih gradiv predstavili področja izobraževanja, kariere, raziskovanja in pedagoškega dela enega izmed utemeljiteljev mariborskega geografskega oddelka.
Daljinsko zaznavanje svetlobne onesnaženosti v Sloveniji
Authors: Žiberna Igor , Ivajnšič Danijel
Published: April 2024

V članku so predstavljeni rezultati analize svetlobne onesnaženosti na območju Slovenije v obdobju 2013-2017. Podatki so pridobljeni s satelita Suomi NPP, ki snema površje Zemlje tudi v nočnem kanalu. Prikazani so rezultati svetlobne onesnaženosti po občinah in trendi svetlobne onesnaženosti v omenjenem obdobju. Posebej so izpostavljena območja z zelo visokimi in nizkimi vrednostmi svetlobne onesnaženosti.
Concept of tourist and economic regionalization of Bosnia and Herzegovina with special reference to the Tuzla tourist-geographic region in the area of Northern Bosnia
Authors: Nezirović Senada , Drešković Nusret , Mirić Ranko
Published: April 2024

In this paper, the authors work on the basis of the present knowledge, especially in the interest of realization of the concept of long-term development of tourism, to point out the need and representational basis for the separation of tourist-geographic regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The basis of the functional tourist and economic regionalization of Bosnia and Herzegovina served the concept of separation of tourist-geographical regions. The research of tourism development of the Tuzla region within this work requires the spatial definition, ie the demarcation of the tourist region in the area of ​​Northern Bosnia. During the delimitation of the Tuzla tourist region, the former geo-tourist and economic concepts of the Northeast Bosnia-Herzegovina regionalization were taken into account with six proposals being made. For this purpose, a geographic analysis was carried out and proposals for certain corrections of the former physiognomic boundaries and the spatial coverage of regional units of the first and second level were made, along with the established guidelines for further research in this field. During the field research conducted, the emphasis was placed on the detailed attribution of tourism potential and their role in spatial organization and tourism development. Motives and goals basically come down to the need to establish a more effective coordination of tourism development at the Tuzla tourist region, linking tourism destinations, to a range of common development issues, and achieving greater efficiency of the overall economic development. This paper provides a short analysis of the areas where there are tourism resources and facilities with the dominant function of tourism, i.e. in which tourism can become a dominant economic activity.
Razvoj in značilnosti turističnega obiska v Sloveniji po letu 1950
Authors: Horvat Uroš
Published: April 2024

Avtor s pomočjo podatkov stacionarnega turističnega obiska (število turistov in nočitev, povprečna dolžina bivanja turistov, državna pripadnost, sezonskost turističnega obiska, razporeditev po vrsti nastanitvenih objektov in vrsti turističnih krajev) ugotavlja poglavitna obdobja turističnega razvoja v Sloveniji po letu 1950. Pri tem izpostavlja vpliv gradnje turistične infrastrukture in nastanitvenih zmogljivosti, spremembe turističnih tokov, vpliv političnih dogodkov in drugih dejavnikov.
Valorization of natural tourism potentials in the Bihać tourism geographical region
Authors: Bidžan-Gekić Aida , Gekić Haris , Žunić Lejla
Published: April 2024

The Bihać tourism geographical region is rich in diverse, pollution-free, natural tourism potentials that can be the basis for the development of more specific forms of tourism (mountain, hunting, rural, excursion-recreational, adventure, recreational-sports, fishing and ecotourism) of local and regional as well as national and international significance. This paper will present the most important natural tourism potentials of the Bihać tourism geographical region, their valorization, as well as their possibility of exploitation for tourist purposes. Moreover, the tourist traffic and accommodation capacities of this tourism geographic region will be shown. Finally, it will be concluded how these unique still unpolluted natural phenomena should be treated in order for them to remain the same for future generations.
Indeks vlažnosti tal Pomurja: primer uporabe podatkov satelita Landsat 8
Authors: Davidovič Danijel , Ivajnšič Danijel
Published: April 2024

V prispevku obravnavamo uporabo metode računanja vlažnosti tal s satelitskimi podobami na primeru Pomurja. Predstavljen indeks vlažnosti tal je derivat temperature površja in vegetacijskega indeksa NDVI, pri tem so uporabljeni spektralni pasovi, zaznani z optičnim in termičnim senzorjem satelita Landsat 8. Dobljene vrednosti indeksa vlažnosti tal zavzemajo vrednosti med 0 (nizka vlažnost tal) in 1 (visoka vlažnost tal). V nadaljevanju preverjamo razlike v vlažnosti tal gleda na intenzivno ali bolj ekstenzivno kmetijsko rabo. Izračunane ocene vlažnosti tal v Pomurju se gibljejo med 0,06–0,99, pri tem se pojavljajo statistično signifikantne razlike med višjimi vrednostmi v gozdovih ter nižjimi vrednostmi na njivah in drugih izbranih zemljiških kategorijah. Tovrstni pristop k oceni vlažnosti tal je uporaben za monitoring in načrtovanje kmetijskih in okoljevarstvenih dejavnosti na regionalni ravni hkrati pa omogoča prognozo vpliva podnebnih sprememb na vlažnostne razmere v danem prostoru.
Slovenci v mestu Sarajevu od leta 1991 do leta 2013
Authors: Tomažič Dušan , Suljić Alija
Published: April 2024

V prispevku so prikazane osnovne demografske karakteristike Slovencev v Sarajevu (BiH). Narejena je primerjava popisov iz leta 1991 in 2013. Analizirana je dinamika števila, teritorialna razpršenost, spolna, starostna in verska struktura Slovencev v obdobju pred vojno v Bosni in Hercegovini in po njej. Evakuacija 348 Slovencev iz Sarajeva novembra 1992. leta je zelo vplivala na število, strukturo in teritorialno distribucijo slovenskega prebivalstva v glavnem mestu BiH. Zaradi objektivnejše slike Slovencev glede njihove etnične pripadnosti so vključeni tudi nekateri drugi podatki.
Ekoremediacije za doseganje okoljskih ciljev v Sloveniji
Authors: Vovk Korže Ana , Vrhovšek Danijel
Published: April 2024

Okoljski cilji so zapisani v operativnih programih in direktivah ter v drugih strateških dokumentih EU oziroma v mednarodnih pogodbah. Potreba po varovanju voda je zapisana tudi v Okvirni vodni direktivi in v Zakonu o vodah. Najdemo jih tudi v Nacionalnem programu varstva okolja. Usmerjeni so v doseganje dobrega ekološkega stanja in so definirani tako vsebinsko kot časovno. V prispevku želimo pokazati načine s katerimi lahko z ekoremedicijami pomagamo k doseganju okoljskih ciljev. Izhajali smo iz nabora okoljskih ciljev na primeru voda.
Former Yugoslav countries in the Balkan context and differences in their economic development
Authors: Stiperski Zoran , Lončar Jelena
Published: April 2024

In this article we will talk about the perception of Balkan, how the people who lives there and people from the West see it and how it become that Balkan have so negative connotations. Also we will present how the former Yugoslav countries, as once a part of Balkan, has the different economic growth which exsisted and still exist between those countries. We will try to explain why some of them economically gone very far and others are still falling behind.
Rural Amenity and Rural Change in Temperate Australia: Implications for Development and Sustainability
Authors: Argent Neil , Tonts Matthew , Jones Roy , Holmes John
Published: April 2024

Many rural areas in the developed world are experiencing planning and development challenges related to processes of population change. The nature, direction and regional manifestations of these changes are strongly related to the varying levels of local amenity. These result from the qualities of the local social, economic and physical environments and contribute to the ability of rural regions to attract and retain residents. In turn the presence or absence of this attractive ability is likely to engender development and sustainability challenges related to growth, decline or (where the attractive forces are demographically specific) social mix. This paper considers these challenges in the context of high amenity rural regions in temperate Australia.
A Life Histories Approach to Gold Prospecting and Frontier Farming in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Hoefle Scott William
Published: April 2024

In contrast to the usual faceless macro-economic and sociological treatment of development cycles in the Amazon, which at best offer generalities about ‘social actors’ labelled ‘peasants’, ‘ranchers’ and ‘trans-national corporations’, who represent the abstract categories of labour and globalised capital, a human face to frontier processes is offered here.  The social and economic sustainability of the shifting back and forth from gold prospecting to family farming on the frontier is evaluated through the eyes of those who experienced it so producing an un-romanticised portrait of prospecting in western Pará during the gold rush of 1961-1990 as well as of frontier farming today.  The economic origin and past quality of life of those who left local farms or came from the distant rural zones of impoverished Maranhão are compared and contrasted with that of their passage through the degrading living conditions of gold prospecting and finally with their current situation as struggling but independent frontier farmers in Itaituba and Santarém municipalities.
The effect of factors of the socio-geographic structure of mountain farms on succession on these farms
Authors: Kerbler – Kefo Boštjan
Published: April 2024

The basic premise of this paper is that certain factors of the socio-geographic structure of mountain farms have an influence upon succession on these farms. The conducted survey confirmed this hypothesis. The most prominent influence that was observed included factors that reflect the tradition and the opinions of the householders, and especially that express the economic power of a farm. In the conclusion of this paper, we offer some solutions regarding the problem of succession in Slovene mountain farms. These solutions are not simple, due to the complex mixed rate of influence with respect to the various factors.
Cultural Landscape and Tourism on Historic Ranches of the Pantanal Wetlands of Brazil
Authors: Correia de Araújo Ana Paula , De S.M. Bicalh Ana Maria o
Published: April 2024

The rise of eco-tourism and rural tourism as new complementary activities which add value to traditional stock-raising functions on historic ranches located in the Pantanal Wetlands of Central-West Brazil is analyzed.  Differently from other rural enterprises of the booming Central-West, which produce the majority of Brazilian export commodities, the specific environmental conditions of seasonal wetlands and perennial swamp of the Pantanal restrict the viable options for gaining access to global markets.  Consequently, after 1990 ranchers of the Pantanal have developed tourist activities based on the spectacular natural beauty of the wetlands as well as the distinct ranching culture.  The ranches have modernized with amenities to attract domestic and foreign tourists and tourism has assumed an importance source of their income.
Trajnostna Univerza
Authors: Lorber Lučka
Published: April 2024

V prispevku bodo obravnavani percepcije in razumevanje trajnostnega razvoja v evropskem univerzitetnem prostoru. Do nedavnega se je analiziral in obravnaval predvsem vidik trajnosti v izobraževanju in učenju v visokošolskih programih kot potrebi oblikovanja kulture ekološke zavesti in odgovornosti človeka do okolja. Danes pa zavedanje o trajnostnem razvoju kroži v različne smeri, vključuje celotno raziskovalno in izobraževalno visokošolsko dejavnost ter vpliva na interesno mreženje v družbi. Prav tako usmerja strategijo in politiko univerzitetnega razvoja in trajnostne kulture ter razumevanje celovitosti univerzitetnega prostora. Razmišljanje o prihodnosti Univerze v Mariboru na temelju trajnosti vidi bistvo v zavestni odgovornosti pri spremembah, ki vključuje celotni sistem znanosti in vse oblike izobraževanja ob hkratnem človekovem etičnem ravnanju za doseganje ekološke in družbene pravičnosti.
Značilnosti stacionarnega turističnega obiska v Mariboru med letoma 1961 in 2011
Authors: Horvat Uroš
Published: April 2024

V prispevku so prikazane glavne značilnosti stacionarnega turističnega obiska v Mariboru v zadnjih petdesetih letih. Avtor analizira podatke o turističnem obisku (število turistov, število nočitev, izvor turistov po državah, povprečna dolžina bivanja turistov, sezonskost turističnega obiska, razporeditev nočitev po vrsti prenočitvenih objektov, povprečna zasedenost turističnih ležišč) po poglavitnih obdobjih turističnega razvoja v Mariboru. Glede na relativno kratko povprečno dolžino bivanja turistov (okoli 2 dni) in druge kriterije, se Maribor uvršča med turistične kraje v širšem smislu z razvitim mestnim turizmom.
Competências digitais no contexto da transformação digital da área de gestão de pessoas da Administração Pública Federal: proposta de modelo conceitual
Authors: Rezende Lopes Érika , Guimarães Soares Ramana , Mara Oliveira e Souza Cinthia
Published: April 2024

Este estudo propõe um modelo conceitual para investigar como as Competências Digitais (CDs) dos profissionais de Gestão de Pessoas da Administração Pública Federal afetam a Transformação Digital (TD) da área. O modelo foi construído a partir do Quadro Dinâmico de Referência de Competência Digital para Portugal (QDRDC), além de uma revisão da literatura das publicações mais relevantes relacionadas à TD e às CDs. No modelo observa-se que cinco categorias de CDs: Literacia da Informação, Comunicação e Cidadania, Criação de Conteúdos, Segurança e Privacidade e Desenvolvimento de Soluções se relacionam com o eixo Pessoas no processo de TD, como fatores antecedentes tanto estruturais como culturais, influenciando o sucesso da TD da área de Gestão de Pessoas da APF. Por fim, sinaliza-se a necessidade de novos estudos de ordem teórica e empírica para ampliar a compreensão sobre a temática e sugere-se o modelo como ponto de partida para pesquisas futuras.
Let us value all farmers
Authors:   African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development (AJFAND), Oniang'o Ruth
Published: April 2024

We must value farmers all over the world, whether large or small, whether in Africa or elsewhere. I just came back to Kenya from the USA. On 12th November, we passed by huge farms and witnessed farmers’ machinery ready to harvest their grain late in the evening. This was in Minnesota, USA. I was told that, at this time, harvesting was round the clock to ensure completion before severe winter sets in. Yet with climate change, by November 7, snow was already on the ground, though sporadically, and on November 11, it was just 10 days to serious snow. What went through my head was: how would these farmers be able to complete their harvesting in good time as there was still a lot of crop in the fields? This made my head spin. As consumers, do we ponder enough about those who produce the food we eat? Even with a focus on Nutrition, we still grow more grain than anything else. Hunger always means we do not have enough carbohydrates in the diet. With enough bread, rice, or tubers, we know we won't go hungry. So, for now, humanity depends a lot on carbohydrates. Increasingly we want diversity in our diets although many populations continue to rely on carbohydrates that are not enriched with any micronutrients. In contrast, in Western countries where wheat is consumed a lot, the flour used to make food products such as bread is enriched with micronutrients. However, not all consumers benefit from enriched wheat products. Many consumers around the world consume rice, cassava, sweet potatoes, taro, millet, teff, and many others. But these are not enriched except for probably rice. However, with biofortification, things are changing. Farmers all over the world go to great lengths to feed all of us. And it is our business as consumers to ensure we diversify our diets. My many salutes go to farmers worldwide; let us all appreciate them. In this issue we have 14 well reviewed articles and a must-read guest editorial.
Sentir la propia sombra
Authors: Ciudad Witzel Adriana
Published: April 2024

Sentir la propia sombra es una serie en progreso de pinturas y acuarelas que busca sacar a la luz la sombra de la ambivalente condición de la maternidad en un mundo que tiende a darla por sentada.El título de la serie proviene del pueblo guaraní de la Amazonía donde ‘sabiduría’ (Aranduka ‘aty) significa «aquel que logra sentir su propia sombra».«La oscuridad lo abarca todo», dice Carlos Papá Mirim Poty, líder guaraní. «La madre oscuridad es de donde venimos cuando nacemos y adonde vamos cuando morimos. Dentro del vientre materno tenemos nuestra primera existencia en la oscuridad [...]».Para personas como yo, criadas en un paradigma occidental poscolonial, entender la realidad desde una perspectiva indígena implica un proceso de desaprendizaje. Implica un esfuerzo monumental, tal vez imposible, para transgredir los límites de nuestra razón y así entrar en una Weltanschauung, una cosmovisión que desafía toda lógica y ontología occidental. El acto de desaprender se ha convertido para mí en un proceso arduo pero intuitivo, en el que entro en lo más oscuro de mi ser, confiando y dejándome llevar a nuevos mundos y lugares, en un intento de «sentir mi propia sombra».
Memorias de bordadoras
Authors: Best Núñez Clara Esperanza
Published: April 2024

El texto está conformado por tres entrevistas que narran cómo se trasmite el conocimiento del bordado a mano, de generación en generación, a partir de los testimonios de Yolanda Llontop, Segundina Carranza y Elena Valera, bordadoras de comunidades originarias del Perú. Asimismo, ellas explican otros tópicos relacionados a la transmisión del bordado, como por ejemplo el significado de las iconografías, mitos y leyendas relacionados a esta práctica, entre otras vivencias.
Caracterización de las tecnologías de secuenciación genética de segunda y tercera generación
Authors: Rojas-Villalta Dorian , Benavides-Villegas Daniela , Angulo-Hidalgo Belén , Muñoz-Solorzano Luis , Consumi-Tubito Chiara
Published: April 2024

El avance en la secuenciación de material genético ha favorecido el estudio de nuevas áreas de investigación relacionadas a la genómica, transcriptómica y demás ciencias -ómicas. Esto creó la necesidad de desarrollar nuevas tecnologías más accesibles y eficientes, como las tecnologías de segunda y tercera generación. Por ello, esta revisión caracterizó las principales metodologías de secuenciación de segunda y tercera generación. Las tecnologías de segunda generación se ven representadas por la secuenciación por síntesis fragmentos cortos con alta calidad y precisión. En la tercera generación se especializan en lecturas largas secuenciadas por nanoporos y secuenciación de una sola molécula en tiempo real. Las empresas Illumina y PacBio poseen una mayor calidad y precisión en las lecturas, en comparación a Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). Sin embargo, las lecturas de ONT solucionan problemas del ensamblaje genómico propios de lecturas cortas. Todas las tecnologías analizadas poseen secuenciadores para proyectos de producción a escala; Illumina y ONT también poseen secuenciadores sobremesa, y solamente la última presenta dispositivos portátiles. Con respecto a la accesibilidad, los países centroamericanos poseen poca cobertura por parte de estas empresas, siendo Illumina la única con una distribuidora radicada en la región. Cada tecnología de secuenciación posee ventajas y desventajas asociadas, lo cual impulsa a su uso en conjunto, lo que permite análisis más convenientes y completos. Por lo cual el desarrollo de nuevos programas bioinformáticos para la mejora del análisis corresponde a consideraciones que deben ser abordadas con la intención de fortalecer el uso de las técnicas de secuenciación.
Estudo cinético de uma reação química
Authors: Andrade João Carlos de
Published: April 2024

Existem reações tão rápidas que parecem instantâneas, enquanto outras são tão lentas que podem  se estender por horas, dias, meses e até anos, como é o caso de muitos decaimentos radionuclídicos.  Um exemplo interessante é a reação química entre os gases H2 e O2. Quando misturados em condições normais em um sistema isolado, esses gases reagem  muito lentamente. Entretanto, se a mistura for ativada por uma centelha ou chama, ocorrerá em uma reação exotérmica descontrolada extremamente rápida, com grande liberação de energia, chamada explosão térmica. Foi o que aconteceu no histórico acidente do dirigível Hindenburg em 1937, em New Jersey, nos Estados Unidos. Por outro lado, ao ser conduzida em condições de queima controlada, essa reação pode ser utilizada como propelente. De fato, esta é uma das reações químicas mais energéticas conhecidas, capaz de fornecer energia suficiente para lançar grandes foguetes, como o Saturno V. O estudo da cinética química (e, por implicação, das velocidades das reações), por ter muitas aplicações científicas e práticas, merece um destaque logo no início dos cursos de Química. A introdução de experimentos envolvendo estudos cinéticos levam os alunos a reconhecerem a importância dos efeitos da temperatura sobre a velocidade de uma reação, bem como as influências que variações na concentração podem ocasionar. Um dos muitos experimentos didáticos utilizados para esse fim envolve a reação de decomposição dos íons tiossulfato em meio ácido, com a formação de enxofre coloidal. Por meio dessa prática de laboratório é possível verificar a influência da concentração e da temperatura na velocidade de reação, medindo-se o tempo  decorrido entre a mistura dos reagentes (t≅0) e o aparecimento dos primeiros vestígios de turvação no meio reacional. Esta prática é interessante pelo fato da sua realização ser bastante simples e os resultados serem bem visíveis.
Advanced Realtime Early Kick and Loss Detection (EKLD) Through a Hybrid Data-Driven and Physics-Constrained Approach
Authors: Zhang Shang , Samuel Robello
Published: April 2024

In real-world drilling operations, rapid and precise detection of early signs of kicks and losses is crucial for safe and cost-effective procedures. Failure to promptly monitor and address kick and loss events can result in severe consequences, including drilling downtime, asset losses (including facilities and personnel), significant increase of drilling costs, etc. In this paper, we presented a novel, advanced method employing a hybrid data-driven and physics-constrained approach, with a specific focus on early kick and loss detection (EKLD) for real-time application. With the latest real-time technologies, simultaneous monitoring of various downhole and surface drilling parameters has become more efficient and convenient. However, the increasing data volume generated by complex systems with various sensing devices can often become overwhelming for the monitoring system. The constant alerts from alarm system can lead to user fatigue and, consequently, undermine the performance and reliability of the active monitoring system in practical use, as users become less responsive due to frequent false alarms. Although recent studies have focused on detecting kicks or losses using data from multiple sources collected by the rig, a gap persists between academic models and real-world applications. The hybrid model presented in this paper, utilizing the robustness of data-driven approaches and the efficiency of physics-based models, while also addressing field issues such as low data quality and inaccurate measurements. The model was tested with real-time drilling data, and field results demonstrated its strong performance in predicting both kick and lost circulation events during drilling operations from real-time data stream from the rig. A performance comparison was conducted between the traditional kick detection model and the presented model. The comparison reveals that the new model significantly reduces the false alarm rate and exhibits greater reliability than traditional models.
Monitoring Low and Intermittent Methane Emission from Orphaned and Idle wells
Authors: Daneshvarjejad Nima , Khodaparast Pooya , Cho Young , Paul Donald , Hauser Mike , Farhadi Shahram , Ershaghi Iraj
Published: April 2024

Environmental concerns necessitate monitoring methane leaks from idle and abandoned wells in real time. The system proposed here incorporates Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) capabilities to detect and monitor methane emissions from idle and abandoned wells, considering environmental effects such as wind, temperature, and relative humidity.

We conducted extensive laboratory, outdoor, and field experiments to refine and validate the system's effectiveness in detecting and monitoring methane emissions from abandoned wells. These experiments have provided datasets that were incorporated in our design strategy. The system integrates state-of-the-art methane detection sensors capable of identifying ultra-low methane concentrations. These sensors are part of a unit that combines communication capabilities with mobile power. Our innovative canopy design counters wind-induced dilution of methane concentration, balancing disruption with natural ventilation. In addition to the canopy, an IIoT with a wind sensor was placed near the methane monitoring IIoT to record wind speed and direction. This wind data informs necessary design modifications to minimize wind impact on methane concentration readings.

The solution proposed effectively detects methane leak rates of nearly one gram per hour. Our survey indicates that the solution proposed is the first to detect methane leaks at this low level. This solution can equip operators with real-time data on asset integrity and provides scalability and remote sensing.
Labeling Job Type and Technology for Large Operational Datasets
Authors: Hassig Fonseca S. , Jan A. , Prokopetc K. , Ugarte E. , Vodnikov N. , Spesivtsev P. , Ramondenc P. , Venkataramanan L.
Published: April 2024

Each year, coiled tubing (CT) well intervention fleets produce terabytes of multimodal data; these are recorded from surface and downhole sensors on each job. Among these data are job type(s) and technologies used on each job; traditionally, a field crew manually supplies this information. Given the diversity of data, many acquisition labels are often missing or inaccurate. A multimodal framework is presented that automatically identifies the job type and technologies used during an acquisition.

The proposed framework leverages different types of data depending on the job and technology to identify. Most job types (e.g., CT milling, CT fishing), and general technologies (e.g., downhole telemetry, jetting nozzles), are identified through a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm applied to operational reports. The presence of downhole technologies with greater granularity and certainty (e.g., downhole 2 1/8-in. pressure and temperature sonde) lies in the detection of meaningful information or noise on specific channels and follows a logic mimicking human interpretation. Finally, CT cementing and electronic firing heads are identified through statistical metrics and pattern recognition.

The framework leverages several tested methods. Primary job types and general technologies are classified using NLP. Of 366 acquisitions in the cloud archival system, the algorithm labels 97% with job type and 26% with one or more technologies. The second method extends the resolution and number of detected technologies to cover 12 unique real-time telemetry modules such as pressure, temperature, casing collar locator, and gamma ray sondes. For this method, over 50 acquisitions are analyzed with an accuracy of 94%. Electronic firing head signatures for three unique types of firing heads are identified successfully 97% of the time on 44 different acquisitions. This identification is sped up by automatically identifying three major stages of a CT well intervention (i.e., initial run in hole, service delivery, and final pull out of hole) and restricting the search space to the relevant stage. CT cementing job type identification is tested on 52 different jobs, with an accuracy of 92% and less than 30% of false negatives.

The innovative framework automatically classifies jobs and technologies. The inherent methods combine domain knowledge with the power of machine learning to enable efficient mining of data that would otherwise remain out of reach. By automating labeling, human error is largely eliminated and the reliability of the contextual metadata is significantly improved to provide crucial insights regarding operations.
Enhancing Continuous Well Flow Rates Estimation with Ensemble Machine Learning Models
Authors: Martinez V.
Published: April 2024

This study introduces a novel method to enhance predictive model performance for estimating continuous well production flow rates using daily operational conditions. The approach leverages machine learning algorithms, employing bagging as ensemble technique, to consolidate predictions from multiple base models. The algorithms are trained and evaluated using operational data, including wellhead pressure, temperature, choke diameter, gas lift injection rate, and gas-oil ratio (GOR), among others. The predictive model is evaluated using historical data from a mature offshore field, where GOR increases over time. Results demonstrate the ensemble machine learning model's high accuracy, surpassing traditional Gilbert-type choke correlations, which are constrained by the applicable range of operations variables like GOR and choke diameter. These findings suggest that this approach provides a reliable and efficient solution for estimating well production flow rates, particularly when continuous flow rate measurements face limitations.