bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cerebrospinal fluid metabolite alterations in patients with different etiologies, diagnoses, and prognoses of disorders of consciousness
Authors: Xu Long , Ge Qianqian , Lu Hezhen , Zhuang Yutong , Geng Xiaoli , Chen Xueling , Liu Xiaoyan , Sun Haidan , Guo Zhengguang , Sun Jiameng , Qi Feng , Niu Xia , Wang Aiwei , Sun Wei , He Jianghong
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Medical management of disorders of consciousness (DoC) is a growing issue imposing a major burden on families and societies. Recovery rates vary widely among patients with DoC, and recovery predictions strongly influence decisions on medical care. However, the specific mechanisms underlying different etiologies, consciousness levels, and prognoses are still unclear.

Methods

We analyzed the comprehensive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolome through liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Metabolomic analyses were used to identify the metabolic differences between patients with different etiologies, diagnoses, and prognoses.

Results

We found that the CSF levels of multiple acylcarnitines were lower in patients with traumatic DoC, suggesting mitochondrial function preservation in the CNS, which might contribute to the better consciousness outcomes of these patients. Metabolites related to glutamate and GABA metabolism were altered and showed a good ability to distinguish the patients in the minimally conscious state and the vegetative state. Moreover, we identified 8 phospholipids as potential biomarkers to predict the recovery of consciousness.

Conclusions

Our findings shed light on the differences in physiological activities underlying DoC with different etiologies and identified some potential biomarkers used for DoC diagnosis and prognosis.
Can innovation affect the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance issues and financial performance? Empirical evidence from the STOXX200 index
Authors: Doni Federica , Fiameni Marco
Published: July 2023

Innovation represents one of the most important drivers in the business context. Drawing upon the research on corporate social responsibility (CSR), shared value, and innovation, this paper aims to analyze the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG, a form of CSR) sustainability policies and corporate financial performance (CFP) by investigating the mediating role of Innovation (i.e., investment in research and development, R&D). Our sample comprises 148 European companies belonging to the Euro Stoxx index in the period 2009–2014. For high‐innovation companies (HICs), we find positive relationships between some Social (S) issues and CFP and weaker linkages between Environmental (E) indicators and CFP. In contrast, Governance (G) issues (i.e., issues related to board structure and board function) negatively influence CFP. In contrast, for medium‐innovation companies (MICs), these relationships are absent and low‐innovation companies (LICs) show negative relationships. Adopting reporting frameworks or guidelines affects CFP only in HIC. We introduce an original interpretative model, which identifies innovation (R&D) as the main driver in corporate sustainability, particularly in light of Social issues related to the production of a good or service. In terms of managerial implications, we identify three key factors for effectively embedding ESG in organizations' policies: investment in product innovation, compliance with environmental regulations, and corporate choices on brands and channels of external communication.
High Density Poly(ionic liquid)s with Spatial Structure Regulation for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Cycloaddition
Authors: Zhao Qianmeng , Yao Xiaoqian , Su Qian , Deng Lili , Chen Jian , Li Yunong , Dong Li , Yang Zifeng , Cheng Weiguo
Published: July 2023

The synthesis of cyclic carbonate from CO2 and epoxide is one of the valid routes in line with atomic economy to achieve CO2 conversion. Combining the advantages of high activity and easy separation for heterogeneous catalytic reaction system, a series of heterogeneous catalysts poly(ionic liquid)s with high ionic density (HDPILs) were designed and synthesized. Looser structures and high ionic density were obtained by using muti‐center ionic liquids with different number of substituents as cross‐linking agents. Ply[PhSVIM]Br, the copolymerized HDPILs with six substituents on the benzene ring was optimal. The catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance for CO2 cycloaddition with 98 % conversion and 99 % selectivity under optimal conditions. These HDPILs have comparable catalytic activity to homogeneous catalysts and convenient product separability. Particularly, combining XPS and DFT, a structural performance relationship was revealed, the multi‐center ionic liquids used instead of the traditional crosslinking agent as the polymeric backbone can contribute to the reduction of the anion and cation binding energy (BE) and freeing of Br−, which leads to efficient catalytic activity. This study provides a novel strategy for developing a highly efficient catalysts for CO2 conversion to high value products.
Application of stable consistency wavelength in optimizing gasoline RON near‐infrared analysis model transfer
Authors: Wang Hong‐hong , Yuan Hui , Hu Yun‐chao , Xiong Zhi‐xin , Liu Zhi‐jian , Wang Ying , Huang Hao‐ran
Published: July 2023

The purpose of model transfer is to solve the problem that multivariate calibration models cannot be shared among different near‐infrared spectrometers. Taking gasoline as the research object, the transfer analysis of its octane number model was carried out. The gasoline samples collected by two near‐infrared spectrometers of the same type were used as the research object. The screening wavelengths with consistent and stable signals (SWCSS) combined with competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), uninformative variable elimination (UVE), and successive projections algorithm (SPA) were used to reduce the adverse effects of invalid wavelengths in the SWCSS method; therefore, the analysis ability of the master model to the slave samples was improved. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models based on SWCSS‐UVE, SWCSS‐CARS, and SWCSS‐SPA algorithms were established, and comparison was made between their analytical capabilities for slave samples and those of SWCSS, direct standardization (DS) algorithm , piecewise direct standardization (PDS) algorithm, and slope/bias (S/B) algorithm. The results shown that the SWCSS‐UVE and SWCSS‐CARS methods can be used to establish models from the 231 and 6 wavelengths selected from the consistent wavelengths, respectively. The root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of the gasoline octane number (RON) content of the direct analysis of the spectrum measured by the slave machine was reduced from 5.7490 to 0.3226 and 0.3250, respectively, which was better than the single SWCSS and DS, PDS, and SWCSS‐SPA methods, and was close to the model transfer accuracy of the S/B algorithm. The transfer accuracy of SWCSS‐UVE and SWCSS‐CARS was not much different, but the wavelength variable involved in the model transfer of the latter was much smaller than that of the former, and the AIC value of SWCSS‐CARS was −59.59, which was much smaller than the akaike information criterion (AIC) value of SWCSS‐UVE 398.42.
A Saddle‐Shaped Expanded Porphyrinoid Fitting C60**
Authors: Maulbetsch Theo , Frech Philipp , Scheele Marcus , Törnroos Karl W. , Kunz Doris
Published: July 2023

We present the synthesis of a new type of an expanded porphyrinoid macrocycle with a saddle‐shaped morphology and its complexation of C60 guest molecules. The new macrocycle contains four carbazole and four triazole moieties and can be readily synthesized via a copper‐catalyzed click reaction. It shows specific photo‐physical properties including fluorescence with a high quantum yield of 60 %. The combination of the saddle‐shaped geometry with the expanded π‐system allows for host–guest interactions with C60 in a stacked polymer fashion. Evidence for the presence of a host–guest complex is provided both in solution by NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state by X‐ray structure analysis.
Expansion of a Synthesized Library of N‐Benzyl Sulfonamides Derived from an Indole Core to Target Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Hopkins Megan D. , Costello Ian J. , Brandeburg Zachary C. , Slay Emily L. , Zanders Levi A. , Dunn Caroline E. , Derewonko Carina A. , Davitt Colin L. , Reeder Madison A. , Prichard Kate , Chiew Beatrice , McCluskey Adam , Sheaff Robert J. , Lamar Angus A.
Published: July 2023

In an effort to further investigate previously observed activity of indolyl sulfonamides towards pancreatic cancer cell lines, a library of 44 compounds has been synthesized. The biological activity of the compounds has been determined using two different screening assay techniques against 7 pancreatic cancer cell lines and 9 non‐pancreatic cancer cell lines. In the first assay, the cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated using a traditional (48 hour compound exposure) method. An in silico investigation was conducted to determine if the compounds might be inducing cell death by inhibiting the S100A2‐p53 protein‐protein interaction. In the second assay, the potential role of the compounds as metabolic inhibitors of ATP production was evaluated using a rapid screening (1–2 hour compound exposure) method. IC50 values of the hit compounds were obtained and four compounds displayed sub‐micromolar potency against PANC‐1 cells. The investigation has provided several compounds that display selective in vitro activity toward pancreatic cancer that warrant further development.
Reversible Photobleaching of Silver Clusters in Silica‐Based Glass under Ultraviolet Irradiation
Authors: Mironov Leonid Yu. , Marasanov Dmitriy V. , Sgibnev Yevgeniy M. , Kulpina Ekaterina V. , Parfenova Alina D. , Slobozhaninov Artem A. , Sannikova Mariia D. , Kharisova Rufina D. , Kolesnikov Ilya E. , Zhizhin Evgeniy V. , Koroleva Aleksandra V.
Published: July 2023

Inorganic glasses doped with luminescent silver clusters are promising materials for photonic applications as white light generation, optical data storage, and spectral conversion. This work reports the photostability study of luminescent silver clusters dispersed in silica‐based glass under continuous ultraviolet irradiation. The photobleaching process model is proposed and the quantum yield of photobleaching is derived from the experimental data. The proposed mechanism of photobleaching is photoionization of silver clusters. Degradation of cluster luminescence is reversible and restores after the heat treatment, indicating the possibility to release trapped electrons and return the initial charge state of clusters. The effect of heat treatment temperature on the luminescence restoration is studied, the amount of restored luminescent clusters depends linearly on the heat treatment temperature.
Selective Depolymerization of Lignin Towards Isolated Phenolic Acids Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Peng Wenbo , Bao Hanxi , Wang Yigui , Cote Elizabeth , Sagues William J , Hagelin‐Weaver Halena , Gao Ji , Xiao Dequan , Tong Zhaohui
Published: July 2023

The selective transformation of lignin to value‐added biochemicals (e. g., phenolic acids) in high yields is incredibly challenging due to its structural complexity and many possible reaction pathways. Phenolic acids (PA) are key building blocks for various aromatic polymers, but the isolation of PAs from lignin is below 5 wt.% and requires harsh reaction conditions. Herein, we demonstrate an effective route to selectively convert lignin extracted from sweet sorghum and poplar into isolated PA in a high yield (up to 20 wt.% of lignin) using a low‐cost graphene oxide‐urea hydrogen peroxide (GO‐UHP) catalyst under mild conditions (<120 °C). The lignin conversion yield is up to 95 %, and the remaining low molecular weight organic oils are ready for aviation fuel production to complete lignin utilization. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that pre‐acetylation allows the selective depolymerization of lignin to aromatic aldehydes with a decent yield by GO through the Cα activation of β‐O‐4 cleavage. A urea‐hydrogen peroxide (UHP) oxidative process is followed to transform aldehydes in the depolymerized product to PAs by avoiding the undesired Dakin side reaction due to the electron‐withdrawing effect of the acetyl group. This study opens a new way to selectively cleave lignin side chains to isolated biochemicals under mild conditions.
Light‐driven Transformation of Carbon Monoxide into Hydrocarbons using CdS@ZnS : VFe Protein Biohybrids
Authors: Ding Yuchen , Lee Chi Chung , Hu Yilin , Ribbe Markus M. , Nagpal Prashant , Chatterjee Anushree
Published: July 2023

Enzymatic Fisher‐Tropsch (FT) process catalyzed by vanadium (V)‐nitrogenase can convert carbon monoxide (CO) to longer‐chain hydrocarbons (>C2) under ambient conditions, although this process requires high‐cost reducing agent(s) and/or the ATP‐dependent reductase as electron and energy sources. Using visible light‐activated CdS@ZnS (CZS) core‐shell quantum dots (QDs) as alternative reducing equivalent for the catalytic component (VFe protein) of V‐nitrogenase, we first report a CZS : VFe biohybrid system that enables effective photo‐enzymatic C−C coupling reactions, hydrogenating CO into hydrocarbon fuels (up to C4) that can be hardly achieved with conventional inorganic photocatalysts. Surface ligand engineering optimizes molecular and opto‐electronic coupling between QDs and the VFe protein, realizing high efficiency (internal quantum yield >56 %), ATP‐independent, photon‐to‐fuel production, achieving an electron turnover number of >900, that is 72 % compared to the natural ATP‐coupled transformation of CO into hydrocarbons by V‐nitrogenase. The selectivity of products can be controlled by irradiation conditions, with higher photon flux favoring (longer‐chain) hydrocarbon generation. The CZS : VFe biohybrids not only can find applications in industrial CO removal for high‐value‐added chemical production by using the cheap, renewable solar energy, but also will inspire related research interests in understanding the molecular and electronic processes in photo‐biocatalytic systems.
Design of a 21‐level multilevel inverter with minimum number of devices count
Authors: Karakılıç Murat , Hataş Hasan , Nuri Almalı M.
Published: July 2023

Multilevel inverters (MLIs) have attracted the attention of researchers for their needs in industrial applications, renewable energy systems, and electric vehicles. MLIs require a large number of power electronic components to synthesize higher levels at the output voltage. However, overuse of power electronic devices increases the complexity, losses, and cost of MLIs. In this study, a new MLI has been proposed with a reduced number of power switches. The basic unit of the proposed MLI comprises only three independent DC sources and 10 switches (eight unidirectional and two bidirectional) to produce 21 levels at the output voltage waveform. The nearest level control (NLC) modulation method has been used to produce gate pulses. Furthermore, three extension topologies have been proposed to generate a higher number of levels, and the extension parameters have been compared with recently introduced and conventional topologies. The comparative study shows that the proposed MLI topology requires fewer components in terms of power electronics parameters than the others. On the other hand, the presented first extension study that can be used for all non‐extendable basic units is one of the prominent values of the study. Simulation studies showing modulation methods, switching patterns, and signal outputs were performed with Matlab/Simulink. A prototype of the proposed main module has been realized and tested in the laboratory with an FPGA processing board. Experimental results have been verified with simulation results, and the performance of the proposed topology has been proven.
Hair analysis: Assessment of homemade hair treatment effects on drug concentrations in the keratin matrix
Authors: Mestria Serena , Odoardi Sara , Biosa Giulia , Valentini Valeria , Strano Rossi Sabina
Published: July 2023

Hair is the matrix of choice for investigating a subject's drug history over time, usually with specific forensic applications (license renewal, workplace drug testing, toxicological evaluation), and it is generally considered difficult to be tampered with. Nevertheless, some treatments promising to lower drug concentrations in hair are described online as how to “pass” a drug test. We selected three of these practices, claiming to be effective in decreasing drug concentrations—Treatment 1: (A) baking soda, (B) salicylic acid, (C) bleach; Treatment 2: (A) bleaching and (B) dyeing; Treatment 3: (A) white vinegar, (B) salicylic acid moisturizer, (C) liquid cleanser, and (D) dyeing. Quantitative results were compared with those of untreated hair strands, used as reference. We evaluated the efficacy of the treatment on drugs of abuse and benzodiazepines. Treatment 1 proved to be the most effective, since drug concentrations in treated hair were significantly lower than in untreated ones, although methadone and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) seemed to be less affected than cocaine and 6‐monoacetylmorphine (MAM). The mean percentage values of treatment‐induced decrease were up to 90% for cocaine, 81% for benzoylecgonine, 77% for morphine, 89% for MAM, 37% for methadone, 67% for ketamine, 80% for MDMA, 76% for methamphetamine, and 60% for THC, compared with the reference samples. There was no noticeable damage or discoloration of the keratin matrix, making it difficult for the technicians to determine if there was a treatment. This could be an issue for the application of cutoffs or when low concentrations of drugs are incorporated into the keratinic matrix.
Lakeshore vegetation: More resilient towards human recreation than we think?
Authors: Meyer Nora , Swiatloch Anna , Dittrich Sebastian , von Oheimb Goddert
Published: July 2023

Lakes and their shoreline vegetation are rich in biodiversity and provide multiple functions and habitats for fauna and flora. Humans are attracted by the scenic beauty of these ecosystems and the possibilities for recreational activities they offer. However, the use of lakes for recreational activities can lead to disturbance of vegetation, threatening the integrity and functionality of shoreline areas. Recent literature reviews revealed that impacts of the seemingly harmless activities bathing and lingering on the shore on lakeshore vegetation are poorly understood. In this study, we analysed the effects of shoreline use connected with bathing on the structure, composition and diversity of lakeshore vegetation. Vegetation relevés were recorded in 10 bathing and 10 adjacent control sites in the nature park ‘Dahme‐Heideseen’ (Brandenburg, Germany). In addition visitor counts were performed. The species composition and the cover of herbaceous and shrub vegetation differed between bathing and control sites, but all sites had a high percentage of plant species not typical for the community. The vegetation parameters did not correlate with visitor counts. The results indicate that the present visitor intensity in the nature park does not impact the vegetation severely.
Biodegradability and biotoxicity of the modified starch matrix with biologically synthesized ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Szymanski Marcin , Nowicka Joanna , Dobrucka Renata
Published: July 2023

In the present study, the starch films with biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles were obtained. The films obtained were examined for mechanical properties, environmental toxicity and biodegradation. It was observed that the addition of the ZnO nanoparticles to the polymer matrix caused an increase in the tensile strength and elongation at break. The STEZHP film was characterized by the elongation value at 306 (%). The addition of the nanoparticles had a positive influence on the degradation improvement of the films in question under the three different conditions applied. In turn, the presence of ZnONPs caused an increase in the toxicity of the materials investigated. In the case of the tests for toxicity towards plants, it was observed that the films (SAZ, SAZHP, SAEZ, and STZ) showed very little toxicity, as well as a weak correlation between the parameters of the film quantity and the shoot growth inhibition.
Exploring the oral‐gut microbiota during thyroid cancer: Factors affecting the thyroid functions and cancer development
Authors: Kun Yao , Xiaodong Wei , Haijun Wang , Xiazi Nie , Dai Qiang
Published: July 2023

Thyroid cancer (TC) is categorized into papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic. The TC is increasing in several countries, including China, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, France, Australia, Germany, Japan, Spain, and Italy. Thus, this review comprehensively covers the factors that affect thyroid gland function, TC types, risk factors, and symptoms. Lifestyle factors (such as nutrient consumption and smoking) and pollutants (such as chemicals and heavy metals) increased the thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels which are directly related to TC prevalence. The conventional and recent TC treatments are also highlighted. The role of the oral and gut microbiota as well as the application of probiotics on TC are also discussed. The variations in the composition of oral and gut microbes influence the thyroid function indirectly through alteration in metabolites (such as short‐chain fatty acids) that are eminent for cellular energy metabolism. Maintenance of healthy gut and oral microbiota can help in regulating thyroid function by regulating iodine uptake. Oral or gut microbial dysbiosis can be considered as an early diagnosis factor or TC marker. High TSH during TC can increase the oral microbial diversity while disrupting the high ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the gut. Supplementation of probiotics as an adjuvant in TC treatment is beneficial. However, needs more extensive research to explore the direct effect of probiotics on thyroid function.
Updates on Hydrogen Value Chain: A Strategic Roadmap
Authors: Garcia‐Navarro Julio , Isaacs Mark A. , Favaro Marco , Ren Dan , Ong Wee‐Jun , Grätzel Michael , Jiménez‐Calvo Pablo
Published: July 2023

A strategic roadmap for noncarbonized fuels is a global priority, and the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions is a key focus of the Paris Agreement to mitigate the effects of rising temperatures. In this context, hydrogen is a promising noncarbonized fuel, but the pace of its implementation will depend on the engineering advancements made at each step of its value chain. To accelerate its adoption, various applications of hydrogen across industries, transport, power, and building sectors have been identified, where it can be used as a feedstock, fuel, or energy carrier and storage. However, widespread usage of hydrogen will depend on its political, industrial, and social acceptance. It is essential to carefully assess the hydrogen value chain and compare it with existing solar technologies. The major challenge to widespread adoption of hydrogen is its cost as outlined in the roadmap for hydrogen. It needs to be produced at the levelized cost of hydrogen of less than $2 kg−1 to be competitive with the established process of steam methane reforming. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of each step of the hydrogen value chain, outlining both the current challenges and recent advances.
Advancing the weight of evidence approach to enable chemical environmental risk assessment for decision-making and achieving protection goals
Authors: Lee Kuan-Chun , Guiney Patrick D. , Menzie Charles A. , Belanger Scott E.
Published: July 2023

The weight of evidence (WoE) approach conflates the aspects of quality, reliability, relevance, and consistency of data and information to systematically strengthen the body of evidence and enable credible communication and decision-making on chemical risk assessment. Between 2015 and 2019, the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) held several workshops in all the geographical units with scientists and managers from academia, government, and business sectors focusing on the chemical risk-assessment approach. This article summarizes the knowledge that informs the needs concerning application of WoE, especially in the context of developing countries. This effort supports the use of existing data and test strategies for assessing chemical toxicity, exposure, and risk, and highlights the critical process for risk assessors to convey and discuss information sufficiency and uncertainty mitigation strategy with risk managers. This article complements the four articles in the special series that provide a critical review of existing frameworks for chemical risk screening and management, and applications of the WoE approach for assessing exposure in the aquatic environment, prediction of fish toxicity, and bioaccumulation. Collectively, the articles exemplify the use of WoE approaches to evaluate chemicals that are data rich and/or data poor for decision-making. They integrate the WoE concepts and approaches into practical considerations and guidance, and help to scale the value of WoE in supporting sound chemical risk assessment and science-based policy implementation. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1188–1191. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
A new retinal OCT‐angiography diabetic retinopathy dataset for segmentation and DR grading
Authors: Ma Fei , Wang Shengbo , Dai Cuixia , Qi Fumin , Meng Jing
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common diseases caused by diabetes and can lead to vision loss or even blindness. The wide‐field optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography is non‐invasive imaging technology and convenient to diagnose DR.

Methods

A newly constructed Retinal OCT‐Angiography Diabetic retinopathy (ROAD) dataset is utilized for segmentation and grading tasks. It contains 1200 normal images, 1440 DR images, and 1440 ground truths for DR image segmentation. To handle the problem of grading DR, we propose a novel and effective framework, named projective map attention‐based convolutional neural network (PACNet).

Results

The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our PACNet. The accuracy of the proposed framework for grading DR is 87.5% on the ROAD dataset.

Conclusions

The information on ROAD can be viewed at URL https://mip2019.github.io/ROAD. The ROAD dataset will be helpful for the development of the early detection of DR field and future research.

Translational Relevance

The novel framework for grading DR is a valuable research and clinical diagnosis method.
Effect of extracorporeal photopheresis on survival in acute graft versus host disease
Authors: Kaya Ahmet , Erkurt Mehmet Ali , Kuku İrfan , Kaya Emin , Berber İlhami , Biçim Soykan , Hidayet Emine , Cırık Salih , Arslan Süleyman , Yagın Fatma Hilal , Sarıcı Ahmet
Published: July 2023

Background

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is the main non‐pharmacological approach accompanying systemic medical treatments in steroid‐resistant acute or chronic graft versus host disease. The study aimed to examine the effect of ECP on survival in acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD).

Methods

A total of 35 patients who were followed up in the adult hematology clinic of İnönü University Turgut Özal Medical Center for aGVHD were included in the study. Stem cell transplantation and ECP application parameters that may affect the survival of the patients were examined.

Results

In aGVHD using ECP, the degree of involvement affects survival. Involvements with a clinical and laboratory score (Glucksberg system) of 2 and above significantly reduced survival. The duration of ECP use is associated with survival. Especially, 45 days and longer use increases survival (hazard ratio, P‐value <.05). The duration of steroid use was found to be effective in survival in aGVHD (P < .001). ECP administration day (P = .003), duration of steroid use (P < .001), duration of ECP use (P = .001), and grade of aGVHD (P < .001) affect survival.

Conclusion

ECP use is effective in survival in patients with aGVHD score ≥2. In patients with aGVHD, especially the use of 45 days and longer has a positive effect on survival. The duration of steroid use is associated with survival in aGVHD.
A rapid, high‐yield and bioinspired synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles using Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract and assessment of antibacterial and phytostimulatory activity
Authors: Kim Min , Sung Jung‐Suk , Atchudan Raji , Syed Asad , Nadda Ashok Kumar , Kim Dae‐Young , Ghodake Gajanan Sampatrao
Published: July 2023

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as highly effective antimicrobial agents against multidrug‐resistant (MDR) pathogens. This study aims to employ green chemistry principles for AgNP synthesis involving phytochemical‐rich extract from Glycyrrhiza glabra roots. The approach highlights using renewable feedstocks, safer chemicals, minimum byproducts, and process scale‐up. The synthesis of AgNPs was assessed using a surface plasmon resonance band at 420 nm, and structural properties were characterized using TEM, x‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This method enables the production of high‐yield dispersions of AgNPs with desired physicochemical characteristics, including dark yellow solution, size (~20 nm), spherical to an oval shape, crystal structure, and stable colloidal properties. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was investigated against the MDR bacteria strains of gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram‐negative (Escherichia coli). This work reveals that the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs can be influenced by bacterial cell wall components. The results demonstrate the strong interaction between AgNPs and E. coli, exhibiting a dose‐dependent antibacterial response. The green approach facilitated the safer, facile, and rapid synthesis of colloidal dispersions of AgNPs, providing a sustainable and promising alternative to conventional chemical and physical methods. Furthermore, the effect of AgNPs on various growth parameters, including seed germination, root and shoot elongation, and dry weight biomass, was assessed for mung bean seedlings. The results revealed phytostimulatory effects, suggesting the promising prospects of AgNPs in the nano‐priming of agronomic seeds.

Research Highlights

Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract enabled rapid, high‐yield, and eco‐friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).

Spectrophotometric analysis examined the optical properties, scalability, and stability of AgNPs.

Transmission electron microscopy provided insights into the size, shape, and dispersity of AgNPs.

Scanning electron microscopy revealed significant damage to gram‐negative bacterial cell morphology and membrane integrity.

AgNPs were found to enhance seed germination, seedling growth, and biomass yield of Vigna radiata.
The utilization of genetic counselors by patient support groups
Authors: Roulston Sadie , Raraigh Karen , Malinowski Amy , MacCarrick Gretchen
Published: July 2023

The theoretical benefits of collaboration between patient support groups and genetic counselors have been discussed in the literature. However, no study has quantified the rate or ways that support groups utilize genetic counselors. This study surveyed one person in a leadership role at genetic support organizations to determine how many of the organizations have a relationship with genetic counselors, their utilization of genetic counselors, and their satisfaction with that relationship. It was found that 64.8% of organizations had a relationship with genetic counselors. Relationships were more likely to exist when organizations had full‐time workers, had a primary focus on research, or offered a number and variety of services to members. Ways in which organizations utilized genetic counselors included as speakers at conferences, answering patient inquiries, and serving on expert panels. These relationships were supported through funding, networking, and patients connecting the two parties. Overall, representatives from organizations that had a relationship of any sort with genetic counselors were more likely to indicate satisfaction with that relationship than dissatisfaction (χ2(4, n = 89) = 45.053, p < 0.001). Even so, many respondents indicated that they wanted to continue to grow their relationship with genetic counselors but were hindered by the lack of funding or access to genetic counselors who could be engaged in their cause. Thus, while relationships and satisfaction with the relationship to genetic counselors were generally high, this study highlights access, outreach, and funding as areas of focus to improve utilization of genetic counselors in the support group sector.
Gene therapy for glycogen storage diseases
Authors: Koeberl Dwight D. , Koch Rebecca L. , Lim Jeong‐A. , Brooks Elizabeth D. , Arnson Benjamin D. , Sun Baodong , Kishnani Priya S.
Published: July 2023

Glycogen storage disorders (GSDs) are inherited disorders of metabolism resulting from the deficiency of individual enzymes involved in the synthesis, transport, and degradation of glycogen. This literature review summarizes the development of gene therapy for the GSDs. The abnormal accumulation of glycogen and deficiency of glucose production in GSDs lead to unique symptoms based upon the enzyme step and tissues involved, such as liver and kidney involvement associated with severe hypoglycemia during fasting and the risk of long‐term complications including hepatic adenoma/carcinoma and end stage kidney disease in GSD Ia from glucose‐6‐phosphatase deficiency, and cardiac/skeletal/smooth muscle involvement associated with myopathy +/− cardiomyopathy and the risk for cardiorespiratory failure in Pompe disease. These symptoms are present to a variable degree in animal models for the GSDs, which have been utilized to evaluate new therapies including gene therapy and genome editing. Gene therapy for Pompe disease and GSD Ia has progressed to Phase I and Phase III clinical trials, respectively, and are evaluating the safety and bioactivity of adeno‐associated virus vectors. Clinical research to understand the natural history and progression of the GSDs provides invaluable outcome measures that serve as endpoints to evaluate benefits in clinical trials. While promising, gene therapy and genome editing face challenges with regard to clinical implementation, including immune responses and toxicities that have been revealed during clinical trials of gene therapy that are underway. Gene therapy for the glycogen storage diseases is under development, addressing an unmet need for specific, stable therapy for these conditions.
Hybrid whale optimization algorithm‐scaled cascade fractional order hybrid controller applied to renewable based Electric Vehicle generating systems
Authors: Mondal Basudeb , Biswas Soumen , Roy Provas Kumar , Dutta Susanta
Published: July 2023

In the upcoming epochs, conventional energy may deplete soon. Thus, the use of conventional energy in the power industries need to be supplemented by non‐conventional energy resources. This would result in loss of synchronisms in the power grids owing to the fact that solar and wind alternate their attributes expeditiously with change in atmospheric phenomenon. To ameliorate frequency deviation within a specific range automatic generation control (AGC) implements forced allowance on system operation. A three area thermal with photovoltaic (PV), electric vehicle (EV), wind system is considered under deregulated environment to develop and to judge the efficacy of newly developed cascade fractional order hybrid controller combination of (FOTID & 3DOF‐PID). Comparing the aforementioned controller to other controllers such as the three degree of freedom proportional‐integral‐derivative (3DOF‐PID), the fractional order tilt‐integral‐derivative (FOTID) and the proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) justifies the system's effectiveness. This assessment has been accomplished by a trendy optimization technique such as hybrid whale optimization algorithm (HWOA). However, the main intent of this write‐up is to fabricate a cascade fractional order (CC‐FO) hybrid controller that would act as the new control mechanism for the proposed system under deregulated scenario. It has been found that the suggested CC‐FO hybrid controller stabilizes the system (i.e., Under step load disruptions, frequency deviation and tie‐line power become zero) in the shortest amount of time possible. Additionally, it is seen that the recommended controller can control a wide range of nominal loading circumstances and system characteristics, demonstrating its robustness.
Compatibility of a novel temperature‐controlled, irrigated radiofrequency catheter with ultra‐high‐density mapping
Authors: Rodriguez Muñoz Daniel , Marco del Castillo Álvaro , Ramos Jimenez Javier , Borrego Bernabe Luis , Madrid Montoya Alba , Lorenzo Balboa Adrián , Arribas Ynsaurriaga Fernando , Salguero‐Bodes Rafael
Published: July 2023

Background

Compatibility of DiamondTemp (DT) radiofrequency (RF) catheter with the Rhythmia mapping system has not been manufacturer‐reported nor its tracking accuracy reported.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing macroreentrant atrial tachycardia ablation guided by Rhythmia and ablated using DT were prospectively enrolled. Following catheter configuration, ablation lines were performed and remapped to measure the RF tag to effective‐ablation‐line‐center (RFT‐ALC) distance.

Results

Among 20 consecutive patients (54 maps), 40 ablation lines were evaluated. Overall, the RFT‐ALC distance was 3.88 ± 2.95 mm, and the operator assessment of accuracy was high. No complications occurred.

Conclusion

The use of DT catheter guided by the Rhythmia mapping system is feasible and accurate.
Subseasonal prediction framework for tropical cyclone activity in the Solomon Islands region
Authors: Haruhiru Alick , Chand Savin S. , Sultanova Nargiz , Ramsay Hamish , Sharma Krishneel K. , Tahani Lloyd
Published: July 2023

Recently, we developed seasonal prediction schemes with improved skill to predict tropical cyclone (TC) activity up to 3 months in advance for the Solomon Islands (SI) region (5°–15°S, 155°–170°E) using sophisticated Bayesian regression techniques. However, TC prediction at subseasonal timescale (i.e., 1–4 weeks in advance) is not being researched for that region despite growing demands from decision makers at sectoral level. In this paper, we first assess the feasibility of developing subseasonal prediction frameworks for the SI region using a pool of predictors that are known to affect TC activity in the region. We then evaluate multiple predictor combinations to develop the most appropriate models using a statistical approach to forecast weekly TC activity up to 4 weeks in advance. Predictors used include indices of various natural climate variability modes, namely the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). These modes often have robust physical and statistical relationships with TC occurrences in the SI region and the broader southwest Pacific territory as shown by preceding studies. Additionally, we incorporate TC seasonality as a potential predictor given the persistence of TCs occurring more in certain months than others. Note that a model with seasonality predictor alone (hereafter called the “climatology” model) forms a baseline for comparisons. The hindcast verifications of the forecasts using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation procedure over the study period 1975–2019 indicate considerable improvements in prediction skill of our logistic regression models over climatology, even up to 4 weeks in advance. This study sets the foundation for introducing subseasonal prediction services, which is a national priority for improved decision making in sectors like agriculture and food security, water, health and disaster risk mitigation in the Solomon Islands.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of tomato fruit ripening behavior in response to exogenous abscisic acid
Authors: Wu Qiong , He Yanan , Cui Chunxiao , Tao Xiaoya , Zhang Dongdong , Zhang Yurong , Ying Tiejin , Li Li
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

To determine how abscisic acid (ABA) affects tomato fruit ripening at the protein level, mature green cherry tomato fruit were treated with ABA, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) or sterile water (control, CK). The proteomes of treated fruit were analyzed and quantified using tandem mass tags (TMTs) at 7 days after treatment, and the gene transcription abundances of differently expressed proteins (DEPs) were validated with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS

Postharvest tomato fruit underwent faster color transformation and ripening than the CK when treated with ABA. In total, 6310 proteins were identified among the CK and treatment groups, of which 5359 were quantified. Using a change threshold of 1.2 or 0.83 times, 1081 DEPs were identified. Among them, 127 were upregulated and 127 were downregulated in the ABA versus CK comparison group. According to KEGG and protein–protein interaction network analyses, the ABA‐regulated DEPs were primarily concentrated in the photosynthesis system and sugar metabolism pathways, and 102 DEPs associated with phytohormones biosynthesis and signal transduction, pigment synthesis and metabolism, cell wall metabolism, photosynthesis, redox reactions, allergens and defense responses were identified in the ABA versus CK and NDGA versus CK comparison groups.

CONCLUSION

ABA affects tomato fruit ripening at the protein level to some extent. The results of this study provided comprehensive insights and data for further research on the regulatory mechanism of ABA in tomato fruit ripening. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Utilization of gallic acid‐crosslinked soy proteins as wall material for chia oil microencapsulation
Authors: Gimenez Paola A. , Bergesse Antonela E. , Mas Agustín Lucini , Martínez Marcela L. , González Agustín
Published: July 2023

Background

Chia oil represents the vegetable source with the highest content of omega‐3 fatty acids. However, the incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into food is limited due to their susceptibility toward oxidation. This investigation aimed to study the microencapsulation of chia oil (CO), using gallic acid (GA) crosslinked‐soy protein isolate (SPI) as a wall material and its effect on its oxidative stability.

Results

Microcapsules presented a moisture content, water activity, and encapsulation efficiency of around 2.95–4.51% (wet basis); 0.17 and 59.76–71.65%, respectively. Rancimat tests showed that with higher GA content, the induction period increased up to 27.9 h. The storage test demonstrated that the microencapsulated oil with crosslinked wall material has lower values of hydroperoxides and higher induction times concerning the non‐crosslinked oil. Finally, the fatty acid profile at this storage time indicated that microcapsules with GA did not have significant changes. In vitro digestion exhibited a reduction in the percentage of bioavailable oil for crosslinked microcapsules, but with no variations in its chemical quality, and an increase in the total polyphenols amount and antioxidant activity.

Conclusion

The results obtained demonstrated that the microencapsulation of CO using SPI crosslinked with GA as wall material exerted a very important protective effect since a synergistic effect could be described between the microencapsulation effect and the antioxidant power of GA. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Direct analysis in real time of high‐quality extra virgin olive oils for the rapid and automatic identification of origin trademark
Authors: Mangraviti Domenica , Cafarella Cinzia , Rigano Francesca , Dugo Paola , Mondello Luigi
Published: July 2023

Background

Following our previous research on the differentiation of Italian extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) by rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry coupled to a tandem high resolution mass analyser, the present study deals with the evaluation of another direct mass spectrometry (direct‐MS) approach for the rapid and automatic discrimination of EVOOs. In particular, direct analysis in real time (DART‐MS) was explored as an ambient MS (AMS) source for the building of a top‐quality Italian EVOOs database and fast identification of unknown samples. A single quadrupole detector (QDa) was coupled with DART, taking advantage of a cost‐saving, user‐friendly and less sophisticated instrumental setup. Particularly, quickstrip cards, located on a moving rail holder, were employed, allowing for the direct analysis of 12 EVOO spots in a total analysis time of 6 min. The aim was to develop a reliable statistical model by applying principal component and linear discriminant analyses to clusterize and classify EVOOs according to geographical origin and cultivar, as main factors determining their nutritional and sensory profiles.

Results

Satisfactory results were achieved in terms of identification reliability of unknown EVOOs, as well as false positive risk, thus confirming that the use of AMS combined with chemometrics is a powerful tool against fraudulent activities, without the need for mass accuracy data, which would increase the analysis cost.

Conclusion

A DART ionization source with a compact and reliable QDa MS analyser allowed for rapid fingerprinting analysis. Furthermore, MS spectra provided quali‐quantitative information successfully related to EVOO differentiation. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Is It Possible to Diagnose Surgical Uterine Prolapse With Transperineal Ultrasound? Multicenter Validation of Diagnostic Software
Authors: García‐Mejido José Antonio , Martín‐Martinez Alicia , González‐Diaz Enrique , Núñez‐Matas María José , Fernández‐Palacín Ana , Carballo‐Rastrilla Sonia , Fernández‐Fernández Camino , García‐Jimenez Rocío , Sainz‐Bueno José Antonio
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To validate an ultrasound software that uses transperineal ultrasound to diagnose uterine prolapse (UP).

Methods

Multicenter, observational and prospective study with 155 patients that had indications for surgical intervention for dysfunctional pelvic floor pathology. Each patient underwent an examination with Pozzi tenaculum forceps was performed in the operating room with the patient anesthetized, followed by surgical correction of stages II–IV UP. Transperineal ultrasound was used to assess the difference in the pubis–uterine fundus measurement. With a multivariate logistic regression binary model (with the measurement ultrasound at rest, the Valsalva maneuver and age) using nonautomated methods to predict UP. With the purpose of evaluating the model, a table with coordinates of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, after which sensitivity and specificity were assessed.

Results

A total of 153 patients were included (73 with a diagnosis of surgical UP). It was obtained from the AUC (0.89) of the probabilities predicted by the model (95% confidence interval, 0.84–0.95; P < .0005). Based on the ROC curve for the model, obtaining a sensitivity of 91.8% and a specificity of 72.7%, values that were superior to those for the clinical exam for surgical UP (sensitivity: 80.8%; specificity: 71.3%).

Conclusions

We validated software that uses transperineal ultrasound of the pelvic floor and patient age to generate a more reliable diagnosis of surgical UP than that obtained from clinical examinations.