bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boundary element analysis on the fuselage scattering of drone noise
Authors: Jiang Hanbo , Zhong Siyang , Zhang Xin , Huang Xun
Published: February 2022

Multi-rotor powered drones and urban mobility vehicles (UMV) have received considerable attention over recent years and attracted ever-increasing interest in their aerodynamic noise. Physics-based prediction tools for aerodynamic noise are of importance to facilitate quiet drone designs. In this work, a boundary element method (BEM) based solver is employed to evaluate the scattering of the rotor noise of a flying drone fuselage. The possible non-uniqueness of the solution is tackled using a Combined Helmholtz Interior integral Equation Formulation (CHIEF). The proposed method is applied to evaluate the noise scattering by a realistic fuselage configuration. Results suggest that the fuselage can visibly redirect propeller noise radiation at low frequencies because of wave diffractions. The fuselage can also affect the sound field by wave reflections at high frequencies, producing an apparent noise reduction.
Childhood Polyvictimization and Associated Health Outcomes: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Lee NaeHyung , Pigott Terri Deocampo , Watson Ashley , Reuben Katherine , O’Hara Kathryn , Massetti Greta , Fang Xiangming , Self-Brown Shannon
Published: February 2022

Background: Polyvictimization, the experience of multiple types of victimization, is associated with detrimental health outcomes. Despite extensive research on the health consequences of polyvictimization, one challenge in understanding this literature lies in the varied operationalized definitions of polyvictimization and health outcomes. This scoping review provides the volume of the current literature on this topic, documents the varied constructs of polyvictimization and associated health outcomes, identifies knowledge gaps, and guides future research directions. Method: A systematic search of English-language original articles that presented quantitative associations of childhood polyvictimization and health outcomes was performed through six-database searches, a gray literature search, and citation mining from June 2020 to January 2021. The varied constructs of polyvictimization, health outcomes, and other study characteristics were extracted. Results: A total of 96 studies were included. Two ways of creating continuous variables (30.21%) and four ways of constructing categorical variables (72.92%) were identified for operationalizing polyvictimization. The majority of health outcomes were mental, behavioral, or social (96.88%), while slightly more than 10% of studies examined physical health (11.46%) or general health conditions (10.42%), respectively. More than half of studies used U.S. samples (56.25%). Conclusions: The varied constructs of polyvictimization suggests that there is a need to establish a valid polyvictimization construct that is consistently agreed upon in the research community. Findings summarize the specific health outcomes that can be targeted for further investigation and prevention efforts. Findings also suggest that the study of resilience and coping education for childhood polyvictims is sorely needed.
Entropy-based Taguchi–Grey relational analysis for multi-output optimization of coating parameters in MoS2-coated sugar palm fiber and its characterization
Authors: Thekkeparambil Gopalaswamy Unnikrishnan , Kavan Panneerselvam
Published: February 2022

Polymer composites using high-performance natural fibers have several practical uses in industry. The effect of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) coating on sugar palm fiber (SPF) is investigated in this study. The fiber surface is modified using the osmosis technique with different process parameters such as concentrations of MoS2, temperature, and time. The multi-output optimization (MOO) method is used to study the influence of the coating parameter on tensile strength and coating density. The chemical, morphological and thermal stability of the sample synthesized by optimum parameters are analyzed and compared with raw-sugar palm fiber (R-SPF). The processing time is the parameter that strongly influences the tensile strength and coating concentration. The Field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) observations indicate the successfulness of MoS2 coating over the raw palm fiber surface. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the crystallinity index (CI) of the coated fiber has increased significantly compared to R-SPF. The MoS2 physisorption on the R-SPF surface is verified by Fourier’s transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) results reveal that the thermal stability of modified-sugar palm fiber (M-SPF) increased significantly relative to the R-SPF. The hydrophobicity of the R-SPF was also significantly improved as a result of the coating. This method shows an excellent methodology for developing high-potential natural fiber to manufacture high-performance natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites.
Structure deformation characterizations of the warp-knitted metal mesh fabric with thermomechanical treatment
Authors: Yang Ping , Zeng Lingbin , Zhang Shiyao , Yang Tong , Lin Haitao , Ma Pibo
Published: February 2022

In this paper, thermomechanical treatment is employed to eliminate the internal stress of the metal wire and the residual torque of the loop generated by knitting. Combined with materials science and textile science, it is found that the color of the warp-knitted metal mesh fabric becomes darker gradually with increase in the treatment temperature. During the annealing process, martensite grains grow before austenite due to poor thermal stability. The hardness and strength of the warp-knitted metal mesh fabric decrease slightly due to the unstable internal structure. Moreover, the loop deformation is small. Subsequently, the reverse transformation occurs at a certain annealing temperature and martensite gains transform into austenite grains. The original austenite grains have good thermal stability while remaining relatively stable. After exceeding a certain annealing temperature, it grows gradually with the increase of annealing temperature, forms a single austenite phase structure with a larger crystal grain size finally. As the number of applied springs increases, the force of the loop is uniform, the recrystallization of the metal wire proceeds fully. At this time, when the processing temperature is 800°C and the springs are fully utilized, the strength, hardness and loop deformation are maximized.
Transitioning From In-Person to Telehealth Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study in Flexibility in an Adverse Context
Authors: Molino Alma Teresa C. , Kriegshauser Kathryn D. , McNamara Thornblade Dakota
Published: February 2022

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a condition in which people consistently and persistently experience significant fear and/or anxiety about one or more social situations in which they may be scrutinized and negatively evaluated. SAD has historically been found to respond well to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) delivered both in-person and via telehealth; however, comparatively little information is available regarding response to treatment in the context of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic social and physical distancing guidelines, which have affected the way in which behavioral health services are delivered, as well as opportunities for interpersonal interactions which are either spontaneous or assigned as exposures. The current case study describes “Jennifer” (a pseudonym), a college student with a primary diagnosis of SAD, who was treated with primarily CBT interventions for 18 individual sessions over the course of approximately 6 months, which included treatment with a psychologist and a graduate student, implemented both in-person and via telehealth, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Jennifer responded well to treatment, as evidenced by her self-report and decreases in symptom measure scores, engaged in CBT adapted to pandemic restrictions, and was able to utilize strategies learned during SAD treatment to address generalized anxiety and pandemic-related concerns. This case study demonstrates the feasibility of transitioning SAD care between providers and formats, as well as the robustness and flexibility of CBT strategies in the face of significant change, stress, and limitations of the external environment.
Written Exposure Therapy for Korean Adolescents With PTSD: Four Case Studies
Authors: Yun Ji-ae , Lee Chang-Hwa
Published: February 2022

Research shows that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most effective approach for treating children and adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, evidence regarding CBT for adolescents with PTSD in Korea is lacking. Written Exposure Therapy (WET), which has the advantages of brevity and tolerability, has important clinical implications as an option for effective treatment of PTSD in the context of the Korean medical system. We aimed to examine the application of WET to adolescents through the cases of four Korean adolescents who underwent WET. The treatment experiences of the four adolescent participants with PTSD are presented, and insights based on their pre- and post-treatment research assessments are discussed. Although evidence is insufficient, our study suggests that WET can be considered a suitable treatment for adolescents who do not have a history of childhood abuse and have a relatively good support system.
Indocyanine Green Fluorescence–Guided Lumpectomy of Nonpalpable Breast Cancer Versus Ultrasound-Guided Excision
Authors: Guo Wenbin , Ji Wencai , Zhang Tianyi , Xing Zhihang , Xing Fei
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of indocyanine green–guided nonpalpable breast cancer lesion localization (INBCL) and to compare it with ultrasound localization (US).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 78 consecutive patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery for nonpalpable breast cancer (NBC). Of all 78 excisions, 42 cases were guided by INBCL and 36 by US.

Results

The rate of clear margins was 90.5% (38/42) in the INBCL group compared to the 83.3% (30/36) in the US ( P = .548). A comparison of the margins at first excision for both INBCL and US, in the INBCL series, 92.9% (39/42) of cases had a margin less than 5 mm, whereas for US series, it was 72.2% (26/36) ( P = .033). When results of the excised tissue are taken into account, the mean specimen volume for INBCL was 58 cm3, but for US it was 73 cm3, with difference in mean volume being 15 cm3 ( P = .062).

Conclusions

INBCL for NBCs was more accurate than US because a smaller volume of the tissue may be excised by using the technique, without compromising margin status in nonpalpable lesions.
Osteopontin Levels Are Persistently Elevated for 4 weeks Following Minimally Invasive Colorectal Cancer Resection
Authors: Shantha Kumara HMC , Jaspreet Sandhu , Pettke Erica , Miyagaki Hiromichi , Herath Sajith A , Yan Xiaohong , Cekic Vesna , Whelan Richard L
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Osteopontin (OPN) is an integrin binding phosphorylated glycoprotein secreted by macrophages and leukocytes that is found in extracellular fluids and sites of inflammation; various forms of CD44 serve as receptors. Osteopontin, expressed by numerous cancers, enhances tumor progression and angiogenesis via the PI3K/AKT and ERK mediated pathways in concert with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF); OPN also plays a role in wound healing. The impact of minimally invasive colorectal resection (MICR) for colorectal cancer (CRC) on plasma OPN levels is unknown. This study’s goal was to assess blood levels during the first month after MICR.

Method

Patients undergoing MICR for CRC who were enrolled in an IRB approved tissue/prospective data bank for whom preoperative, postop Day (POD) 1, POD 3, and at least 1 late postop plasma sample (POD 7–34) were available were studied. Osteopontin levels were determined in duplicate via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (results reported as mean ± SD). The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for analysis (significance P < .05).

Results

A total of 101 CRC patients (63% colon and 37% rectal) met study criteria. The mean preop OPN level was 89.2 ± 36.8 (ng/ml) for the entire group. Significantly elevated ( P < .001) mean plasma levels were detected, vs preop, on POD1 (198.0 ± 67.4; n = 101), POD 3 (186.0 ± 72.6, n = 101), POD 7–13 (154.1 ± 70.2, n = 70), POD14-20 (146.7 ± 53.4, n=32), and POD 21–27 (123.0 ± 56.9, n = 25). No difference was noted at the POD 27–34 timepoint ( P > .05).

Conclusion

Plasma OPN levels are significantly elevated over baseline for a month after MICR for CRC. The early rise in OPN levels may be related to the postop acute inflammatory response. The persistent elevation noted in weeks 2–4, however, may be a manifestation of wound healing in which OPN plays a role. Similar persistent plasma elevations of VEGF, angiopoietin 2 (ANG 2), and 11 other proangiogenic proteins have been noted and, collectively, may promote angiogenesis in residual tumors.
Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery After Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair
Authors: Pizano Alejandro , Riojas Ramon , Ailawadi Gorav , Smith Robert L. , George Timothy , Gerdisch Marc W. , Di Eusanio Marco , Castillo-Sang Mario , Ramlawi Basel , Rodriguez Evelio , Morse Michael A. , Doolabh Neelan S. , Jessen Michael E. , Wei Lawrence , Chu Michael W. A. , Berretta Paolo , Cura Stura Erik , Salizzoni Stefano , Rinaldi Mauro , Kaneko Tsuyoshi , Tang Gilbert H. L. , Chikwe Joanna , Roach Amy , Trento Alfredo , Badhwar Vinay , Nguyen Tom C.
Published: February 2022

Objective

Up to 28% of patients may need mitral valve (MV) surgery after transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER). This study evaluates the outcomes of minimally invasive MV surgery after TEER. Methods: International multicenter registry of minimally invasive MV surgery after TEER between 2013 and 2020. Subgroups were stratified by the number of devices implanted (≤1 vs >1), as well as time interval from TEER to surgery (≤1 year vs >1 year). Results: A total of 56 patients across 13 centers were included with a mean age of 73 ± 11 years, and 50% were female. The median Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality (STS PROM) score for MV replacement was 8% (Q1-Q3 = 5% to 11%) and the ratio of observed to expected mortality was 0.9. The etiology of mitral regurgitation (MR) prior to TEER was primary MR in 75% of patients and secondary MR in 25%. There were 30 patients (54%) who had >1 device implanted. The median time between TEER and surgery was 252 days (33 to 636 days). Hemodynamics, including MR severity, MV area, and mean gradient, significantly improved after minimally invasive surgery and sustained to 1-year follow-up. In-hospital and 30-day mortality was 7.1%, and 1-year actuarial survival was 85.6% ± 6%. Conclusions: Minimally invasive MV surgery after TEER may be achieved as predicted by the STS PROM. Most patients underwent MV replacement instead of repair. As TEER is applied more widely, patients should be informed about the potential need for surgical intervention over time after TEER. These discussions will allow better informed consent and post-procedure planning.
Prospective Associations Between Fathers’ Engagement in Infant Caregiving and Their Weight-Related Behaviors and Mental Health
Authors: Lo Brian K. , Haneuse Sebastien , McBride Brent A. , Redline Susan , Taveras Elsie M. , Davison Kirsten K.
Published: February 2022

Fathers’ engagement in infant caregiving is linked with positive social, emotional, and developmental outcomes in children; however, its relationship with fathers’ own health is largely unknown. This longitudinal study examined associations between fathers’ caregiving engagement with their 6-month-old infants and their physical activity, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, nighttime sleep duration, and depressive symptoms 6 months later when infants were 12 months old. Participants were 143 fathers of infants (62.7% non-Hispanic White, 82.3% with a bachelor’s degree). Fathers reported their frequency of engagement in seven caregiving activities when infants were 6 months old. Fathers’ physical activity, SSB consumption, nighttime sleep duration, and depressive symptoms were assessed when infants were 6 and 12 months old. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess if fathers who reported higher infant caregiving at 6 months had more positive health outcomes at 12 months, controlling for fathers’ age, race/ethnicity, education, employment, household income, and the outcome at 6 months. Fathers who reported higher caregiving engagement when infants were 6 months old had increased odds of being sufficiently physically active 6 months later (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.00, 1.41]; adjusted OR = 1.47, 95% CI = [1.11, 1.96]). No links were identified between fathers’ caregiving engagement and their SSB consumption, nighttime sleep duration, or depressive symptoms. In summary, fathers’ engagement in infant caregiving may be beneficial to their physical activity in the first year after birth. There was insufficient evidence in this study that the benefits of caregiving engagement were experienced broadly across multiple health outcomes.
Predictive Factors for Depression and Anxiety in Men During the Perinatal Period: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Chhabra Jasleen , Li Wendy , McDermott Brett
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with paternal perinatal mental distress in a sample of Australian men. A mixed-methods design was used. The qualitative component ( N = 13) using thematic analysis identified maternal depression, marital distress, masculine gender role stress, unplanned pregnancy, work–family conflict, and sleep disturbance as risk factors for paternal perinatal mental distress. The quantitative component ( N = 525) expanded on the qualitative findings and examined the associations between the identified risk factors and mental distress of fathers in the perinatal period measured by Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed six significant predictors of paternal perinatal mental distress with masculine gender role stress being the most significant risk factor for paternal perinatal mental distress. The results from this study provide an insight into how masculine gender role may affect the expression and experience of mental distress in fathers within the perinatal period. Implications of research findings are discussed.
Reoperation Following Zone II Flexor Tendon Repair
Authors: Bruin Luca L. , Lans Jonathan , Wang Frederick , Eberlin Kyle R. , Chen Neal C.
Published: February 2022

Background:

The goal of zone II flexor tendon surgery is to perform a repair with sufficient strength to withstand the forces encountered during rehabilitation. Postoperative rerupture and adhesion formation may lead to reoperation. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with reoperation after primary zone II flexor tendon repair.

Methods:

In this retrospective case series, a total of 252 fingers in 201 patients underwent zone II flexor tendon repair. A medical record review was performed to collect data regarding patient demographics, injury and treatment characteristics and postoperative complications including reoperation. Reoperation was defined as any unplanned surgical procedure performed after initial flexor tendon repair.

Results:

There were 49 fingers (19%) in 42 patients that underwent reoperation at a median of 5.5 (interquartile range: 2.8-7.9) months. Older age, workers’ compensation, and a Kessler-type repair of the flexor digitorum profundus were independently associated with reoperation.

Conclusions:

In vitro studies suggest that Kessler-type repairs are inferior compared with other suture configurations. Our study demonstrates a clinical correlation to these biomechanical studies. Our results suggest that Kessler-type repairs are inferior compared with non-Kessler-type repairs, due to postoperative complications requiring secondary surgeries.
Constructivist Grounded Theory or Interpretive Phenomenology? Methodological Choices Within Specific Study Contexts
Authors: Burns Margie , Bally Jill , Burles Meridith , Holtslander Lorraine , Peacock Shelley
Published: February 2022

Constructivist research methodologies are useful in discerning meanings of experience to subsequently inform and improve healthcare practice. For researchers who philosophically align with the constructivist paradigm, numerous methodologies are available from which to choose to address research questions. However, it can be challenging for researchers, especially novice ones, to choose the most appropriate methodology that aligns with the current state of knowledge of the identified topic, proposed research question, and the study purpose. To reduce the confusion faced by health researchers when choosing an appropriate methodology for a specific study, this paper compares two popular qualitative health research approaches: constructivist grounded theory and interpretive phenomenology. Philosophical underpinnings and the epistemological and ontological evolution of each methodology are explored with similarities and differences highlighted. Manifestation of the philosophical foundations of constructivist grounded theory and interpretive phenomenology are described in relation to data collection, analysis, and the research findings. To illustrate distinctions of each approach and support researchers in the navigation of methodological decision-making, a specific healthcare study context is presented: the rural family members’ experiences of a relative’s interhospital transfer for advanced critical care services. This study context is increasingly being recognized as an important area of healthcare research and practice. However, gaps in knowledge persist, specifically in relation to the experiences of rural family members when a critically ill relative requires an interhospital transfer to a distant urban center for advanced critical care services. Improved understanding of such experiences is necessary to inform the care provided to rural family members, potentially mitigating short and long-term negative consequences for these individuals. Within this example, the importance of the research purpose and research question within a specific study context is underscored as central to appropriate methodological decision-making.
The external characteristics and inner flow research of rim-driven thruster
Authors: Zhu Zhipeng , Liu Houlin
Published: February 2022

In order to have a more comprehensive grasp of the performance of the rim-driven thruster, the external characteristics are studied by experiment and carry out numerical simulation to study inner flow characteristics. The test results for the rim-driven thruster find that the head curve had a hump shape. The head is the largest while the flow rate Q = 600 m3/h. The numerical simulation is carried out to reveal the cause of the hump of head. The results show that large-scale backflows gradually appear near the wall in front of the impeller inlet, the central area of the impeller outlet, and the two sides of the central low-pressure zone with the reducing of the flow rate, which can cause a large flow loss and result in a drop in head. The discrepancy between the pressure surface and the suction surface of blade decreases rapidly in the range of r/ R = 0.2–0.5, which is another major factor leading to the drop in head under small-flow conditions. Structurally, there is no blade in the impeller center and there are the large backflows in the middle of impeller, which causes much volume loss and is a main cause of the decreasing of head under small flow rate.
Dynamic behavior and path accuracy of an industrial robot with a CNC controller
Authors: Wu Kai , Kuhlenkoetter Bernd
Published: February 2022

The application of industrial robots in the field of machining is gradually increasing, but their low absolute position accuracy and low stiffness affect the improvement of machining accuracy. Computer numerical control (CNC) has good performance to control the motion accuracy in the machine tool. Therefore, it is proposed to improve the motion accuracy of robots. This article utilizes a stereo high-speed camera to track robot motion. Circular paths running under the CNC system are planned to evaluate its performance, which includes path accuracy, motion velocity, and acceleration. The performance of identical paths running in a conventional robot controller is evaluated for comparison. Based on the experimental analysis, the CNC system, which has more functionalities for acceleration regulation, can get better path accuracy and stability. It indicates that acceleration control has a significant effect on path accuracy and motion velocity. The acceleration profile in a conventional robot controller resembles a triangle. By default, the maximum acceleration value is adopted for the motion planning. Therefore, its accelerating and decelerating phase is much shorter than that of the CNC system, which could lead to instability. Both Step-shaped and trapezoidal acceleration profiles in the CNC system improve the dynamic behavior of the robot. Considering the trade-off between path accuracy and motion velocity, the Step-shaped acceleration profile can be applied to the optimization of the traditional robot motion control.
HIV prevention – Challenges in reaching Libyan women: A narrative review
Authors: Hamidi Abier
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

The need to effectively communicate HIV/AIDS prevention messages in Libya, where HIV prevalence is relatively low yet increasing, cannot be overstressed. A review of the literature on HIV prevalence, risk factors, stigma and awareness found that there is a lack of HIV research, information and support in the country. This is particularly true regarding women, who account for 25%–30% of people living with HIV in Libya.

Aim:

Drawing on the various literature, this narrative review will (1) present a historical trajectory of Libyan women and their role in society and (2) identify some challenges that HIV prevention programmes face in reaching Libyan women.

Methods:

Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Cochrane Library were searched for English and Arabic language articles. Primary research studies and official reports indicating a discussion or research on HIV in Libya and Libyan women were considered. Reference lists of articles were reviewed to identify additional studies. Thirty-seven articles dating from 1987 to 2021 were selected and critically appraised.

Results:

There is a lack of sufficient information within the existing literature, but the gathered literature did reveal some significant insights. Factors such as limited sexual health education, inadequate medical services, social and cultural restrictions and stigma, as well as limited agency, were identified as potential barriers to women accessing crucial information on HIV.

Conclusion:

The article found that the HIV prevention efforts that have been carried out in Libya may be compromised as they were not designed to recognize and adhere to sociocultural norms that impact on Libyan women’s scope for choice and agency. By understanding the interplay between gender, social and structural factors in Libya, a model of better adjusted prevention and early intervention activities could be developed; a toolkit that conceptualizes the culture and that appreciates the role of a Libyan woman is changing.
Molecular imaging of tumor-associated macrophages in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Li Xiaoying , Wang Ruike , Zhang Yangnan , Han Shuangze , Gan Yu , Liang Qi , Ma Xiaoqian , Rong Pengfei , Wang Wei , Li Wei
Published: February 2022

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), the most abundant inflammatory cell group in the tumor microenvironment, play an essential role in tumor immune regulation. The infiltration degree of TAMs in the tumor microenvironment is closely related to tumor growth and metastasis, and TAMs have become a promising target in tumor immunotherapy. Molecular imaging is a new interdisciplinary subject that combines medical imaging technology with molecular biology, nuclear medicine, radiation medicine, and computer science. The latest progress in molecular imaging allows the biological processes of cells to be visualized in vivo, which makes it possible to better understand the density and distribution of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. This review mainly discusses the application of targeting TAM in tumor immunotherapy and the imaging characteristics and progress of targeting TAM molecular probes using various imaging techniques.
Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer patients with isolated central nervous system metastases in the multicentre ESME database
Authors: Carausu Marcela , Carton Matthieu , Cabel Luc , Patsouris Anne , Levy Christelle , Verret Benjamin , Pasquier David , Debled Marc , Gonçalves Anthony , Desmoulins Isabelle , Lecouillard Isabelle , Bachelot Thomas , Ferrero Jean-Marc , Eymard Jean-Christophe , Mouret-Reynier Marie-Ange , Chevrot Michaël , De Maio Eleonora , Uwer Lionel , Frenel Jean-Sébastien , Leheurteur Marianne , Petit Thierry , Darlix Amélie , Bozec Laurence
Published: February 2022

Background:

As a result of progress in diagnosis and treatment, there is a growing prevalence of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with isolated CNS metastases. This study describes the largest-to-date real-life cohort of this clinical setting and compares it to other clinical presentations.

Methods:

We retrospectively analysed the French Epidemiological Strategy and Medical Economics (ESME) MBC database including patients who initiated treatment for MBC between 2008 and 2016. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Descriptive statistics and multivariate Cox model were used.

Results:

Of 22,266 patients, 647 (2.9%) and 929 (4.2%) patients had isolated first-site CNS metastases or combined with extra-CNS metastases, with longer OS for the group with isolated CNS metastases (16.9 versus 13.9 months, adjusted HR = 1.69 (95% CI: 1.50–1.91), p < 0.001). Among the 541 (2.4%) patients with isolated CNS metastases and no intrathecal therapy (excluding leptomeningeal metastases), HER2+ cases were preponderant over TN or HR+ /HER2− cases (41.6% versus 26.1% versus 28.5%, respectively, p < 0.01). The treatment strategy consisted of a combination of local treatment and systemic therapy (49.2%), local treatment only (35.5%) or systemic therapy only (11.4%), or symptomatic therapy only (3.9%). Median PFS was 6.1 months (95% CI: 5.7–6.8). Median OS was 20.7 months (95% CI: 17.3–24.3), reaching 37.9 months (95% CI: 25.9–47.6) in the HR+ /HER2+ subgroup. Older age, TN subtype, MBC-free interval of 6–12 months, lower performance status, and WBRT were associated with poorer survival. Patients who received systemic therapy within 3 months from MBC diagnosis had longer OS (24.1 versus 16.1 months, p = 0.031), but this was not significant on multivariate analysis [HR = 1.0 (95% CI: 0.7–1.3), p = 0.806].

Conclusions:

Patients with isolated CNS metastases at MBC diagnosis represent a distinct population for which the role of systemic therapy needs to be further investigated in prospective studies.
Molecular landscape of osimertinib resistance in patients and patient-derived preclinical models
Authors: Lim Sun Min , Yang San-Duk , Lim Sangbin , Heo Seong Gu , Daniel Stetson , Markovets Aleksandra , Minoo Rafati , Pyo Kyoung-Ho , Yun Mi Ran , Hong Min Hee , Kim Hye Ryun , Cho Byoung Chul
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Osimertinib is a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that is approved for the use of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In this study, we investigated the acquired resistance mechanisms in NSCLC patients and patient-derived preclinical models.

Methods:

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples and plasma samples from 55 NSCLC patients who were treated with osimertinib were collected at baseline and at progressive disease (PD). Next-generation sequencing was performed in tumor and plasma samples using a 600-gene hybrid capture panel designed by AstraZeneca. Osimertinib-resistant cell lines and patient-derived xenografts and cells were generated and whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing were performed. In vitro experiments were performed to functionally study the acquired mutations identified.

Results:

A total of 55 patients and a total of 149 samples (57 tumor samples and 92 plasma samples) were analyzed, and among them 36 patients had matched pre- and post-treatment samples. EGFR C797S (14%) mutation was the most frequent EGFR-dependent mechanism identified in all available progression samples, followed by EGFR G824D (6%), V726M (3%), and V843I (3%). Matched pre- and post-treatment sample analysis revealed in-depth acquired mechanisms of resistance. EGFR C797S was still most frequent (11%) among EGFR-dependent mechanism, while among EGFR-independent mechanisms, PIK3CA, ALK, BRAF, EP300, KRAS, and RAF1 mutations were detected. Among Osimertinib-resistant cell lines and patient-derived models, we noted acquired mutations which were potentially targetable such as NRAS p.Q61K, in which resistance could be overcome with combination of osimertinib and trametinib. A patient-derived xenograft established from osimertinib-resistant patient revealed KRAS p.G12D mutation which could be overcome with combination of osimertinib, trametinib, and buparlisib.

Conclusion:

In this study, we explored the genetic profiles of osimertinib-resistant NSCLC patient samples using targeted deep sequencing. In vitro and in vivo models harboring osimertinib resistance revealed potential novel treatment strategies after osimertinib failure.
Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in Neurological Intensive Care Units: A Narrative Review
Authors: Firoozeh Negar , Agah Elmira , Bauer Zaith Anthony , Olusanya Adedeji , Seifi Ali
Published: February 2022

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is among the most common types of healthcare-associated infection (HAI), which is associated with poor outcomes and prolonged hospitalization in critically ill patients. Previous studies have mentioned that patients admitted to neurological ICUs are at higher risk of CAUTI compared to patients in other ICU settings. This review paper aims to review studies published during the last decade that evaluated the incidence, risk factors, causative pathogens, and preventive strategies and treatment in neuro-critically ill patients.
Can a Brief Online Interdisciplinary Program Enhance the Understanding of Musculoskeletal Pain amongst Primary Care Staff? A Prospective Study
Authors: Ng Khim Siong , Goh Bandy Qiuling , Tang Woh Peng , Lee Angela Wing Yan , Lee Samantha , Koh Kim Hwee , Shah Mitesh
Published: February 2022

Background

Primary care staff do not provide consistent education on musculoskeletal pain management to patients in accordance with the recommendations of clinical practice guidelines. We have developed a concise online learning program to bridge this gap.

Objectives

To investigate (1) the effectiveness of 1-hour musculoskeletal pain neurophysiology education program conducted by a physiotherapist on primary care staff; (2) the correlation between demographic factors of staff and the interdisciplinary learning performances.

Methods

We piloted a multicenter single-blind prospective study on sixty-four staff from the pharmacy department in eight public primary care clinics. Participants in the intervention group attended the 1-hour online program compared to a control group. The Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) to assess learning and the 10-point Likert scale program evaluation form to assess learning reaction of participants after the program were used.

Results

The participants reacted positively to the online learning program. The intervention group significantly improved in their musculoskeletal pain knowledge by a greater mean NPQ score difference 2.39 ( p < 0.001) compared with the control group. There were poor correlations between the demographic factors and their learning.

Conclusion

The pilot study shows that primary care staff may still utilize a biomedical approach in managing musculoskeletal pain. The improvement in knowledge demonstrates that short online programs could be a valuable part of interdisciplinary education in primary care because it is easily accessible by healthcare professionals and can benefit other healthcare staff regardless of their background.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell treatment for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)
Authors: Tbakhi Bushra , Reagan Patrick M.
Published: February 2022

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare B-cell malignancy that remains challenging to treat with high rates of relapse. Frontline strategies range from intensive chemotherapy followed by consolidation with autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), to less-intensive therapies including combination regimens. The treatment landscape for relapsed patients includes Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors among other targeted treatments. Novel agents such as the selective BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax showed high response rates when used as monotherapy for refractory relapsed MCL. The rituximab, bendamustine, and cytarabine (R-BAC) regimen, while response rates were high, were not durable. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell products targeting CD19 have been efficacious in relapsed and refractory MCL patients. Brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel, formerly KTE-X19) was approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in July, 2020, for treatment of refractory and relapsed MCL. This article provides an overview for the available management strategies for relapsed MCL and examines the role of CAR T-cell in the current and future treatment of MCL.
Preclinical efficacy of African medicinal plants used in the treatment of snakebite envenoming: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Bala Auwal A. , Mohammed Mustapha , Umar Saifullahi , Ungogo Marzuq A. , Hassan Mohammed Al-Kassim , Abdussalam Umar S. , Ahmad Mubarak Hussaini , Ishaq Daha U. , Mana Dillos , Sha’aban Abubakar , Jatau Abubakar I. , Jibril Murtala , Kurfi Binta , Raji Ismaila , Malami Sani , Michael Godpower C. , Chedi Basheer Z. A.
Published: February 2022

Background:

Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is a high-priority, neglected, tropical disease that affects millions of people in developing countries annually. The only available standard drug used for the treatment of SBE is antisnake venom (ASV) which consists of immunoglobulins that have been purified from the plasma of animals hyper-immunized against snake venoms. The use of plants as alternatives for treatment of poisonous bites particularly snakebites is important in remote areas where there might be limited, or no access to hospitals and storage facilities for antivenom. The pharmacological activity of some of the medicinal plants used traditionally in the treatment of SBE have also been scientifically validated.

Method:

A systematic review will be conducted according to the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies checklist for study quality in animal/ in vivo studies. The tool will be modified and validated to assess in vitro models and studies that combine in vivo and in vitro studies. The systematic review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. English published articles on African medicinal plants used in the treatment of snakebite envenoming will be searched in Medline, Embase, and Scopus from 2000 to 2021.

Dissemination:

The findings of the study will be communicated through publication in peer-reviewed journal and presentation at scientific conferences. Medicinal plants have been important sources for the development of many effective drugs currently available in orthodox medicine. Botanically derived medicines have played a major role in human societies throughout history. Plants components used in traditional medicine gained much attention by many toxinologists as a tool for designing potent antidotes against snake envenoming. Our systematic review will provide a synthesis of the literature on the efficacy of these medicinal plants. We will also appraise the prospects of African medicinal plants with pharmacologically demonstrated activity against snakebite and envenoming.
Treatment of a single gingival recession with a subepithelial connective tissue graft with a double papilla flap: A case report
Authors: Bautista Claudia Amaya , Cafferata Emilio A , Vernal Rolando , Cárdenas Angélica M.
Published: February 2022

Gingival recessions are widely prevalent deformities that affect the normal position of the gingiva and cause exposure of the tooth root, and are often associated with unsatisfactory aesthetics and dentin hypersensitivity. The double papilla technique for root covering is a periodontal plastic surgery technique recommended for the treatment of gingival recessions. In this case report, we show the clinical results after a 12-month follow-up of a root-covering procedure in an upper canine affected by a gingival recession. A 56-year-old patient presenting a Cairo type I gingival recession on the vestibular surface of tooth 23 was treated with a one-stage surgical procedure, carried out using the double papilla technique in combination with a partially epithelialized connective tissue graft, reaching 100% root coverage. After a 12-month follow-up, this technique showed highly successful results both in 100% coverage of the defect and in long-term stability and aesthetics.
Bridging the Open Web and APIs: Alternative Social Media Alongside the Corporate Web
Authors: Jamieson Jack , Yamashita Naomi , McEwen Rhonda
Published: February 2022

Concentrations of power over the internet among a small number of corporate platforms have motivated attempts to build alternative social media. Using the contemporary internet routinely involves relying on a small number of dominant corporate platforms. In reaction against this centralization of power, there are many attempts to build alternative Web technologies that reconfigure the internet’s power structures and enact their own values. However, given the entrenchment of large corporate platforms, this typically involves co-existing with rather than replacing them, at least in the present. Accordingly, it is important to investigate challenges arising when alternative social media operate alongside and even within the systems to which they propose an alternative. We investigate this through an empirical study of the IndieWeb, a community of personal websites with social networking features including syndication to and from corporate platforms. Using GitHub data, we study the development of a tool for this syndication called Bridgy, focusing on its relationship with the Facebook API. By identifying breakdowns in this relationship, we identify the following challenges: translating differing logics between the open Web and APIs, occasional ambiguity in Facebook’s presentation of privacy settings, and ongoing precarity due to API updates. Our analysis illustrates the reality of maintaining alternative technical systems as part of present-day infrastructures and generates insights for building socially empowering technologies for the future.
Testing the Determining Factors of Knowledge Sharing Behavior
Authors: Mustika Hindah , Eliyana Anis , Agustina Tri Siwi , Anwar Aisha
Published: February 2022

In today’s information-based economy, knowledge is considered as a critical and effective resource for assisting businesses in establishing departmental synergies, accelerating innovation, providing value to customers, and increasing revenue through market growth. Knowledge sharing behavior is defined as individual behavior that pertains to the exchange of information, experience, ideas, and skills with other individuals or groups of people inside an organization in order to enhance the company’s sustainability. The purpose of this study is to analyze and obtain empirical evidence of the factors that influence knowledge sharing behavior, which consists of intention to share knowledge, knowledge sharing self-efficacy and enjoyment in helping others by 297 middle managers in a bank setting. This research is an explanatory research that focuses on the causal relationship among variables. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey and were then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) program. The results of this study show that knowledge sharing self-efficacy and enjoyment in helping others have positive and significant effect on intention to share knowledge. Furthermore, knowledge sharing self-efficacy, enjoyment in helping others and intention to share knowledge have positive and significant effect on knowledge sharing behavior. The mediation role of intention to share knowledge is also proven to be significant.
Empirical Investigation of the Academic Emotions of Gaokao Applicants during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wu Peng , Li Muzhou , Zhu Fuchun , Zhong Weichun
Published: February 2022

This global lockdown of educational institutions by COVID-19 has caused overwhelming disruption in students’ learning and assessment, which has substantial effects on their academic emotions. This study applied a mixed methods approach to investigate how COVID-19 influences Gaokao applicants’ academic emotions in the Chinese context. The study found that Gaokao applicants during the COVID-19 pandemic had strong positive activating emotions, positive deactivating emotions, and negative activating emotions. The results showed that there were significant gender differences in academic emotions, and students’ physical exercise was also related. This study found that there was no correlation between the Gaokao applicants’ academic emotions and their parents’ occupations, parents’ academic qualifications, or types of exams. As COVID-19 continues to be a worldwide public challenge, this study has implications on how to alleviate negative academic emotions of students who will take high-risk tests under the pressure of the pandemic.
Spinopelvic Alignment as a Risk Factor for Poor Balance Function in Low Back Pain Patients
Authors: Cha Eunsil , Park Jung Hyun
Published: February 2022

Study Design

Retrospective, observational study.

Objectives

This study aimed to examine the association between spinopelvic parameters and balance function in low back pain (LBP).

Methods

Among patients in the rehabilitation medicine department, the data of 182 patients (mean age, 47.8 years; M/F = 64/118) was obtained retrospectively. Spinopelvic parameters were measured through a whole-body low-dose biplanar radiography using the EOS imaging system, and balance function was evaluated by the center of pressure (COP) movement using the Zebris treadmill system. Pearson correlations were used to determine the relationship between radiographic and balance function. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were conducted with the balance function as a dependent variable and age and spinopelvic parameters as independent variables.

Results

Increased age, knee flexion (KF), pelvic tilt (PT), C7-central sacral line (C7-CSL) and C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), and decreased spino-sacral angle (SSA) were associated with both poor static and dynamic balance. Moreover, increased Cobb’s angle and decreased thoracic kyphosis (TK) and lumbar lordosis (LL) was associated with poor static balance. Increased pelvic incidence (PI) was related to poor dynamic balance. Increased age, Cobb’s angle, SVA, and decreased TK were risk factors for poor static balance. For dynamic balance, increased age, C7-CSL, and PT were risk factors for poor sagittal balance, whereas increased CAM-plumb line and PT were risk factors for poor coronal balance.

Conclusions

Balance function was associated with spinopelvic parameters in patients with LBP. Increased SVA, followed by increased PT, was the strongest independent factor associated with poor static and dynamic balance.