bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Women's Security System With Safe Route Navigation and Instant Law Enforcement Reporting
Authors: Jeyanthi P. , Gladence L. Mary , Tarunjee N. Surya , Nagavamsi S.
Published: August 2024

Designed to empower women in many daily situations, the integrated women's safety app is a comprehensive smartphone software that tackles safety concerns. This program offers a complete safety solution by combining various features and technologies. Users may quickly notify approved emergency contacts of their whereabouts by using the app's built-in emergency response system. Furthermore, it integrates with the city government's emergency services, facilitating seamless collaboration during critical circumstances. Users can stay safer when doing things like late-night commuting or traveling alone thanks to the app's real-time GPS tracking, which they can then share with trusted friends. Additionally, there is a panic button on the app that, when pressed, instantly contacts emergency services. Effective crisis prevention and management is possible with the aid of the software's self-defense classes, safety guidance, information on nearby safe zones, and hotlines. In addition, the app's real-time event reporting feature allows women to document and discuss incidents of harassment or assault, which promotes responsibility and provides politicians with valuable data. Improving women's safety, decreasing reaction times to emergencies, and providing a solid support system are all goals of the integrated women's safety app. This application integrates several safety features and emergency response systems, making it a powerful tool to safeguard women's interests and welfare in modern society.
Quantum-Inspired Optimization in AI for Healthcare Networks
Authors: Arya Aayushi , Devadas Mercy Sharon , Lakshmi T. V. Hyma , Yogeesh N. , Maaliw III Renato R. , Ramana K. Venkata
Published: August 2024

Quantum mechanics-inspired optimisation techniques show hope for getting past these problems because they quickly look through the solution space by using ideas from quantum computers. The main focus of this research is on improving healthcare networks that are run by AI, with help from quantum physics. When it comes to healthcare network optimisation, the first things that are talked about are allocating resources, planning routes for patients and medical staff and tools, and making plans for treatment. This essay looks at the pros and cons of these methods and how they might be used to solve different planning problems in healthcare networks. In the end of this research, the interesting role of quantum mechanics-based planning in the creation of AI applications for healthcare networks is explained. This could lead to future healthcare systems that are more sensitive, flexible, and effective.
AI-Powered Quantum Networks for Early Disease Detection
Authors: Singh Taru , Patil Ratna Nitin , Sinkar Yogita Deepak , Kadam Prema Subhsh , Yadav Gitanjali Bhimrao , Dhanraj Joshuva Arockia
Published: August 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with cloud computing has the potential to revolutionize the medical diagnostics industry. To change how conditions are linked and maintained, a novel idea of artificial intelligence-powered quantum networks for early complaint finding is examined within the purview of this work. Because these networks utilize the untapped processing power of enormous computers and the sophisticated logical brilliance of artificial intelligence, they can analyze complicated natural data with unparalleled speed and delicacy. It is now feasible to identify minute patterns and biomarkers that indicate early-stage illnesses thanks to this group. These are the kinds of details that are often overlooked by conventional distinct styles. Throughout this study, the authors look into how these Quantum networks are designed and put into practice, with a particular emphasis on how much genomic, proteomic, and imaging data they can reuse. The authors also go over the hidden challenges and moral dilemmas associated with this technology.
Scaling AI With Quantum Network Models for Back Pain Genetic Architecture
Authors: Maheswari Uma , Ninawe Swapnil S. , Pokkuluri Kiran Sree , Pandit Shraddha V. , Hariram Venkatesan , Shankar R Shiva
Published: August 2024

In this exploratory chapter, the incorporation of amount network models to evaluate artificial intelligence (AI) approaches for the purpose of deciphering the inheritable armature that underpins back pain is investigated. Through the utilisation of amount network models, the purpose of this research is to improve the computational efficiency and effectiveness of artificial intelligence algorithms in the process of analysing enormous inheritable datasets that are linked with reverse pain. Finding detailed inheritable patterns and relationships that contribute to back pain vulnerability can be accomplished through the community that exists between quantity computing and network modelling. This community offers interesting paths for research. This exploration aims to grease a deeper understanding of the inheritable underpinnings of reverse pain through the application of advanced amount ways. This comprehension has the potential to pave the way for individualised treatment strategies and improved healthcare issues in individuals who are suffering from this persistent disease.
Smart Parking Management System Using AI Enhanced by Quantum Network
Authors: Akash S. , Mary Joans S , Mukunthrajan T. , Karthikeyan P.
Published: August 2024

Managing parking space in city areas is a big issue that impacts traffic, air cleanliness, and how easy it is for people to find a place to park. In this research, the authors are proposing a new approach to overcome this problem using quantum computing techniques, specifically quantum image processing and quantum machine learning, to detect vacant parking spaces from live video feeds. This new method uses the strong points of quantum algorithms for spotting patterns and objects. The methodology involves pre-processing parking lot video data and employing quantum image processing techniques like quantum wavelet transforms and quantum pattern recognition algorithms to identify vacant spaces. Moreover, the authors look into quantum machine learning models, such as quantum neural networks and quantum support vector machines, to make the detection of open spots more accurate. They test how well these quantum methods work by using a big mix of parking lot cases and comparing them with traditional machine learning methods like convolutional neural networks. The findings show that bringing quantum computing into parking space management systems can work well and has possible upsides, shining a light on where quantum algorithms do better and pointing out what needs more work in future studies. In this project, the authors dived into how quantum computing can be used in seeing things through computers and managing city infrastructure.
Waste Management Optimizing Using Quantum Networking-Integrated Systematic Reporting and Pollution Detection for Sustainable Disposal
Authors: Anupriya V. , Divesh S. , Hariprassath G. K. , Naveen Kumar E
Published: August 2024

Responsible environmental stewardship necessitates effective waste management and pollution control. This study proposes a comprehensive strategy that emphasizes pollution reduction and waste management efficiency. Employing state-of-the-art technology, the protocol continuously monitors and detects air pollution, furnishing decision-makers with timely data. Utilizing advanced techniques such as YOLO object recognition, Faster R-CNN, and quantum computing, in conjunction with SVM-based AQI computation, the system achieves significant progress. Quantum networking augments computational capabilities, enabling swift and precise handling of complex optimization tasks. Integration of quantum algorithms empowers the system to address intricate waste sorting and disposal challenges, leading to improved resource allocation and minimized environmental impact. By combining quantum networking with conventional methods, the system delivers a holistic solution for real-time rubbish classification, fog density analysis, and AQI computation. This integrated approach facilitates evidence-based environmental policies and efficient pollution management strategies, fostering a more sustainable future. Keywords atmospheric pollution, detection mechanisms management, environmentally-friendly disposal methods, municipal waste management, quantum networking, real-time monitoring, reporting, soil quality estimation, waste
Solving the Cybersecurity Challenge
Authors: Pitman Lora
Published: August 2024

There is a growing body of literature suggesting that cybersecurity competitions are an important tool for increasing the interest in cybersecurity in light of an urgent need for cybersecurity specialists. At the same time, students rely on their advisors and mentors to be well prepared for these extra-curricular activities. This paper assesses the extent to which educators' and students' views on cybersecurity competitions overlap and to which they differ. The data for the study was collected through three surveys: two, offered to students at Capture the Flag (CTF) events, organized by a higher education institution in Virginia, and one - to teachers/professors who participated in the Virginia Cybersecurity Education virtual conference. Based on the results, we make recommendations how benefits related to cybersecurity competitions can increase for both sides, as they continue to work together to close the cybersecurity skills gap.
Fossil mammals from Lajedo de Soledade, Quaternary of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Authors: Costa João Paulo da , Berao Ade Marcus Vinícius de , Bergqvist Lílian Paglarelli , Barbosa Fernando Henrique de Souza , Dantas Mário André Trindade , Porpino Kleberson de Oliveira , Araújo-Júnior Hermínio Ismael de
Published: August 2024

The Lajedo de Soledade site, located in the municipality of Apodi, State of Rio Grande do Norte, is a vast karstic platform formed by carbonate rocks belonging to the Jandaíra Formation (Upper Cretaceous of the Potiguar Basin). The uplift of sedimentary rocks has exposed the formation to processes of erosion and leaching, leading to the creation of ravines and caves. These geological features, during the Quaternary Period, became repositories of sediments containing vertebrate remains. Recent collections conducted by the research team at the Paleontology Laboratory of the Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro in the Araras Ravine and a new analysis of the fossil accumulation in the Leon Ravine have revealed new vertebrate taxa, especially mammals. The taxonomic study of these faunal accumulations identified at least thirteen different mammal taxa: Cerdocyon thous, Leopardus tigrinus, Puma concolor, Panthera onca, Mazama sp., Palaeolama major, Hippidion principale, Cuniculus sp., Euphractus sexcinctus, Glyptotherium sp., Tolypeutes cf. T. tricinctus, Dasypus novemcinctus, and Megalonychidae indet. The mammal taxa discovered in the layers of the Araras Ravine indicate the presence of at least two distinct environments in the Lajedo de Soledade Region: an open environment associated with denser areas resembling the Cerrado Bioma, and a drier environment akin to the current Caatinga Bioma. In the faunal assemblage of the Leon Ravine, four additional mammal taxa were identified: P. onca, Mazama sp., Cuniculus sp., and Megalonychidae indet. The occurrence of Cuniculus sp. serves as a significant historical record for the genus within the state, further reinforcing the hypothesis that the paleoenvironment of the region comprised open areas intertwined with forested environments, potentially featuring small bodies of water. To gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between the ravines and any potential environmental transitions, geochronological, isotopic studies, and other data collections are crucial. Keywords: Pleistocene, Holocene, small-sized mammals, megafauna, paleoenvironment.
What, if anything, is Cyprideis multidentata Hartmann, 1955 (Ostracoda: Crustacea)?
Authors: Bergue Cristianini Trescastro , Coimbra João Carlos , Martins Eduarda Pacheco , Kochhann Karlos Guillerme Diemer
Published: August 2024

The species Cyprideis riograndensis Pinto & Ornellas is considered by some authors a junior synonym to Cyprideis multidentata Hartmann. A restudy of the type-series of the former, as well as the analysis of living and fossil specimens from the northern Rio Grande do Sul coastal plain, however, demonstrated significant morphological differences between both species. This study sustains the validity of C. riograndensis and the necessity of reevaluating C. multidentata. Keywords: Brazil, curatorship, Cyprideis riograndensis, paleontological species concept, systematics.
Distributions of non-cycloplegic subjective refractions at Sekororo Hospital in Limpopo province, South Africa
Authors: Maluleke Khisimusi D. , Hasrod Nabeela , Rubin Alan
Published: August 2024

Background: Non-cycloplegic subjective refraction (NCSR) is useful to measure refractive errors with active ocular accommodation.Aim: This study aimed to compare annual NCSR distributions between January 2018 and December 2019.Setting: The study was conducted in the Optometry Clinic at Sekororo Hospital in Limpopo province, South Africa.Methods: Data, extracted retrospectively from the clinical archive, were randomly stratified into two strata (2018 and 2019) for analysis. Stereo-pair scatter plots and polar plots of variance were used to better understand the samples concerned.Results: Clinic patients were mostly females of African descent. Mean ages and standard deviations (± SD) for the 2018 and 2019 samples were similar (48.35 ± 20.86 years and 46.22 ± 20.36 years, respectively). For the 2018 sample, the clinical means for NCSR for the right and left eyes, respectively, were similar (R −0.44 ‒0.15 × 86 and L ‒0.46 ‒0.16 × 75) and similar for the 2019 samples (R ‒0.38 ‒0.17 × 77 and L ‒0.14 ‒0.05 × 99). Samples were not normally distributed and outliers were present, although uncommon. Sample variances were mainly spherical rather than astigmatic.Conclusion: Non-cycloplegic subjective refractions were mostly classified as mild ([−2: 2 D]) compound myopic astigmatism. Severe myopia (|6 D|) and hyperopia were uncommon.Contribution: This article adds to current scientific knowledge of multivariate methods for the analysis of refractive states, especially when applied within rural environments. Such multivariate methods are ideally suited for the analysis of distributions of refractive state.
Changing trends of social work curriculum: a study of selected social work institutions in India
Authors: Prasad Sunil , Actovin Arul , Dash Bishnu Mohan , Inda Shyam
Published: August 2024

The article critically examines the social work curriculum of few selected social work institutions in India. By using the content analysis method, the article analyses the changing trends of social work curriculum in Indian universities. The study found that few selected institutions have incorporated the Indic indigenous components and theories in social work curriculum in line with New Education Policy (NEP), 2020 of Government of India and fulfillment of sustainable development goal of quality education in comparison to the top-ranking social work institutions which are still following the western concepts, models and theories. The study reveals that prevalence of Euro-American-centric social work curriculum, lack of uniformity in curriculum across universities and non-standardised fieldwork training is hampering the quality of social work education in India. Besides that, it also highlights the importance of Indianisation of social work curriculum towards the fulfillment of sustainable development goals. This article will be very useful for global social work fraternity as it highlights the changing trends of social work curriculum in Indian universities. 
HOW TO REFERENCE USING ASWDNET STYLE
Prasad, S., Actovin, A., Dash, B. M. & Inda, S. (2024). Changing trends of social work curriculum: a study of selected social work institutions in India. African Journal of Social Work, 14(2), 100-107. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v14i2.6
Visit journal website: https://ajsw.africasocialwork.net
Bacteriological assessment of sediments from catfish ponds in Monai, Southern Basin of Kainji Lake, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria.
Authors: Mu'azu M.M. , Bashir M. , Sani Y. , Kasim M. , Atiribom R.Y. , Yazeed S.
Published: August 2024

This research study carried out a quantitative and qualitative bacteriological investigations on sediments sampled from catfish ponds over three seasons: harmattan, hot and wet. Results for quantitative bacteriological analysis recorded high total viable bacterial counts in the sediment samples, with the highest counts observed during the wet season months of August (3.22 x 108 CFU/g) and September (2.30 x 108 CFU/g). Similarly, results for total and fecal coliform counts also revealed the highest counts in the study during these wet months: August and September, reaching means of 1600 coliforms/100g and 69-138 faecal coliforms/100g, respectively. The lowest mean bacterial counts of 2.92 x 107 cfu/g and 3.67 x 107 cfu/g were recorded in the months of January and February respectively (harmattan season). Overall, the study recorded a total of 39 bacterial isolates that were identified across the samples through cultural, microscopy and biochemical tests. The predominant species included Escherichia coli, Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aeromonas hydrophila/Aeromonas sp., Salmonella sp. and Micrococcus sp. The high bacterial loads, particularly the high loads of coliforms during wet periods generally indicate potential fecal contamination and seasonal impacts on microbial water quality as a result of anthropogenic activities such as cattle grazing, animal husbandry activities as well as point and non-point sources of pollution around the cluster fish farm. These findings outlined the need for monitoring and mitigating measures to safeguard public health. This is important because some villagers in Monai still use the stretch of Kainji Lake as a drinking water source and this lake receives effluents from the catfish ponds.
Density functional theory study of the nuclear magnetic resonance properties and natural bond orbital analysis of germanium-phenyl nanocluster
Authors: Njapba S. Augustine , Garba Galadanci M. S.
Published: August 2024

In this study, the optimized molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies of novel germanium-phenyl nanostructure were calculated using the hybrid functional B3LYP/Lanl2dz as implemented in Gaussian 09 program. The obtained geometries from the calculations of density functional theory were used to carry out natural bond orbital analysis. The stabilization energy E2 that is related to the delocalization trend of electrons from donor to acceptor orbitals was also computed. The higher the stabilization energy E2, between a bonding orbital and an acceptor orbital the greater the interaction between them, signifying clear evidence of stabilization that is originating from the hyperconjugation of H- bonded interaction. Our results reveal strong stabilization energy E2, of orbital interaction between the bonding orbitals (Ge4-Ge6) and non-lone pair Ge8 with value of 81.36 Kcal/mol. The NMR isotropic chemical shift and magnetic shielding of [Ge9(C6H5)] nanostructure were calculated using Gauge-including atomic orbitals(GIAO) algorithm and results compared with experimental data. The theoretically calculated values of the coupling constant in the gas phase are 3 J (H − H) =10.99 Hz, 3 J (C − H) =10.99 Hz, and 3 J (C −C) =12.99Hz respectively and are observed to be bigger than the experimental value with a difference of about 3.29 Hz. The spin-spin coupling constant 3J was calculated by means of the generalized Karplus-type relationship.
Macrobenthic invertebrates composition in Feroro stream, Chikun Local Government Area
Authors: Dawuda K. D. , Adakole J. A. , Auta J.
Published: August 2024

Macrobenthic invertebrates are indicators of water quality due to their restricted range and persistence overtime. Feroro stream being imparted by anthropogenic activities disturb the composition of macrobenthic invertebrates. The stream sediment was collected from five stations along the stream on monthly basis for twenty-four months using eckman grab and washed to isolate the macrobenthic invertebrates. The macrobenthic invertebrates were identified in phyla of Mollusca (46.41%), Arthropoda (33.68%), Annelida (18.95%), and Crustacean (1.04%) and into 31 Families. Melanoides tuberculatus was the most abundant with 37.23% distribution and composition, followed by Lumbriculus variengatus with 8.58%. Highest abundance was recorded in the month of February and the lowest in July and August. February had the highest abundance in the dry season and the month of May in wet season. Macrobenthic invertebrate were composed in Station 5 (3.042) in the month of February during the dry season. Most of the species recorded are pollution-tolerant species indicating Feroro stream as moderately polluted and poor quality due to the anthropogenic activities.
Rural households' livelihood strategies in Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Manga T.A. , Abubakar B.Z. , Barau A.A. , Iya U.H.
Published: August 2024

This research studied rural livelihood strategies in Kebbi state, Nigeria. Stratified proportionate sampling was used to select 343 respondents, from whom data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and multinomial logit regression. Based on the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents, results revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 43 years, the majority of whom were male and married with an average household size of 12 people. Most of the respondents did not go through formal education and their mean annual income and farm size were ₦1,137,629.50 and 3.34 hectares, respectively. Results on livelihood strategy revealed that the majority (64%) of the respondents combined agricultural activities with other non-farm activities. Results from the multinomial logit model results revealed 7 (age, household size, years of education, access to credit, annual income, participation in social organization, and farm size) out of 11 factors as significant predictors of livelihood strategy in the study area. Thus, livelihood is moderately diversified among the rural households of Kebbi State with households having more than one income source. Also, diverse income sources provide relief to rural households as it increases their total income where the majority of the rural households combine both agricultural and non-farm activities livelihood strategies. Policymakers should therefore give due attention by incorporating projects and/or any interventions that will target and engage rural household heads in the study area in income-generating activities that would augment present earnings.
Prevalence and distribution of toxocariosis in some sedentary herds of calves within Auyo Local Government, Jigawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Gumel Mohammed Ahmed , Abdullahi Isa Adamu
Published: August 2024

Toxocariosis is a gastrointestinal disease of cattle and buffalo caused by Toxocara (Neoascaris) vitulorum with high morbidity and mortality; and affects negatively the production of beef, dairy and cattle products. There is dearth in information on the disease in Auyo Local Government, Jigawa State. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and distribution of Toxocariosis in sedentary herds of cattle in the study area. A total of 227 calves were examined for presence Toxocara eggs in faeces, faecal consistency, and body condition score (BCS) from February 2022 to October, 2023. Chi –square was used to analyse the data collected. An overall prevalence of 60.8% (138/227) was recorded. Calves within age range >1month - ≤ 3 months, 92.0% (46/52) significantly (P < 0.05) expelled more eggs than other age groups in the study. Based on breeds, prevalence was higher in White Fulani,79.0% (49/62) and lowest in Red Bororo 54.4% (77/147). Chi – square analysis indicated association between eggs in faeces and breeds examined. Toxocara eggs in female’s faeces 63.1% (65/103) was higher than in males 58.9% (73/124). By seasons, prevalence in dry and rainy seasons were 67.9 (57/84) and 56.4%(81/143 respectively. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in prevalence of eggs between the two seasons. Attributed to faecal consistency,69.7% (124/49) of the calves examined with normal faeces consistency were positive for Toxocara eggs while 28.6% (14/49) with watery faeces were positive. There was no statistical significant (P > 0.05) association between presence of Toxocara eggs in faeces and faecal consistency. Prevalence of Toxocariosis was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in calves in good condition 10.7% (8/75) when compared to members of the category. Yamidi herd recorded highest prevalence, 70.3 (23/37) of toxocariosis among the villages. Results from the study showed high prevalence of Toxocariosis among calves, hence appropriate prevention, treatment, control measures and cattle herder’s awareness be raised in the area.
Phytochemicals, proximate analysis and identification of compounds in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (Walp) L.) seeds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Odion Emmanuel Eimiomodebheki , Usifoh Cyril Odianose
Published: August 2024

Vigna unguiculata seeds are used as food and contain different primary metabolites, however the identification of its secondary metabolites in the semi-polar solvent-dichloromethane could confirm some of its ethno-medicinal claims. The aim of this work was to determine the proximate parameters, phytochemical contents and identify the compounds in the dichloromethane extract of the seed of Vigna unguiculata. Proximate analysis and phytochemicals were determined using standard established methods while identification of the compounds in the dichloromethane extract was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. Secondary metabolites include alkaloid, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, sterols and triterpenoids. Primary metabolites such as carbohydrate content (48.32±0.34) %, moisture content (10.63±0.04) %, crude protein (25.78±0.04) %, fat content (0.65±0.05) %, crude fibre (6.48±0.05) % and ash content (2.78±0.07) % were reported. Twenty-one compounds were identified in the dichloromethane seed extract, they include fatty acids, esters, alcohols and ketones. Cowpeas contain both primary and secondary metabolites that have documented pharmacological applications.
Investigating the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Nigerian economy: An Autoregressive Distribution Lags (ARDL) perspective
Authors: James Tolulope O. , Onwuka G. I. , Ibitokun T. V. , Ezeafulukwe Uzaomaka A. , Babayemi A.W.
Published: August 2024

COVID-19 has had a devastating impact on the global economy, particularly in Nigeria. A study focused on the long-term and short-term effects of COVID-19 on Nigeria's GDP using macroeconomic variables. Weekly data from the CBN statistical bulletin (2021-2022) and the Johansen co-integration test revealed a significant negative impact of COVID-19 on GDP, implying reduced economic growth in the long run (p<0.05). The study recommends stringent disease management and financial support for private investors to counteract COVID-19's adverse economic effects.
Improving intrusion detection system accuracy using deep neural network
Authors: Gambo Abdullahi Ya'u , Gambo Farouk Lawan , Abdullahi Aminu Aliyu , Ibrahim Nasima , Maitama Yusuf Isyaku , Zakari Zahrau Ahmad
Published: August 2024

Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as an intelligent network that connects objects to the Internet, allowing them to interact with each other without human intervention. The accessibility of IoT devices through unprotected networks subjected them to security vulnerabilities and various malicious attacks. While traditional Intrusion Detection Systems were introduced to address IoT security issues, there is need for intelligent intrusion detection methods. This study attempts to address and mitigate these security challenges by enhancing the performance and efficiency of IDSs with proposed Deep Neural Network (DNN) model. The study use a Deep Neural Network (DNN) and processed IoTID20 datasets for the detection of intrusion. The performance of the system is evaluated using performance metrics; Accuracy, Precision, recall and F1-Score. The optimal result accuracy obtained is 99.04%. The proposed model has demonstrated a potential improvement of Intrusion Detection Systems.
Development of home applied waste segregation and management system
Authors: Okomba Nnamdi S. , Abidemi Animasaun A. , Chikezie Aneke S. , Nwobodo Lois O. , Nduanya Ujunwa I.
Published: August 2024

The escalating quantity of waste and irresponsible dumping practices have raised concerns due to their detrimental impact on human health and the environment. Previously, waste in dumping sites was manually sorted, presenting significant challenges such as health risks, high manpower requirements, and excessive funding. Manual waste sorting at home is time-consuming and causes delays in recycling processes. Addressing these issues, an advanced waste segregation system has been developed to enhance recycling efficiency. The home waste segregation system efficiently categorizes waste into three main types: dry waste, wet waste, and metallic waste. Users simply deposit their waste onto a mechanical flap. A rain sensor determines the water content of the waste material, enabling the segregation of wet and dry waste. Additionally, a photoelectric metal sensor prioritizes the detection of metallic waste. An ultrasonic sensor measures the waste level within the waste bins. Detailed information about the waste disposal system is regularly updated on a server and displayed on a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). When a waste bin reaches its maximum capacity, waste management personnel promptly receive updates through a Wi-Fi module via WhatsApp.
The Effects of Process Parameters on Biodiesel Production from Jansa Seed Oil using Lithium-Doped CaO and MgO as Catalysts
Authors: E. I. Nwachukwu , H. U. Ugwu , U. G. Amaechi
Published: August 2024

This study presents process parameters analysis on biodiesel production from jansa seed oil using transesterification process. Following the quest to achieve improved economic viability and clean production process for biodiesel, lithium ion from lithium carbonate was applied to improve the catalytic properties of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide for biodiesel production. Oil produced from jansa seed was characterized to determine its suitability for biodiesel production. Based on the characterization, an appreciable oil weight or yield of 38.09% was produced. Also, 0.493mgKOH/kg free fatty acid (FFA) content, 205.923 gKOH/kg saponification value and 99.95% ester value which specified its great tendency to be converted into methyl ester (biodiesel) were obtained. Li-CaO and Li-MgO catalysts were prepared in diverse concentrations for use in biodiesel production. Li-CaO-1.50 and Li-MgO-1.50 gave the optimal yield of 76 and 83% volume of biodiesel. The Free fatty acid (FFA) value recorded for the jansa seed oil was 0.493 mgKOH/kg with a corresponding acid value of 0.986 mgKOH/kg which was expected for a good bio-oil sample for biodiesel production. The catalyst were varied for biodiesel production and among the catalysts, the variants (CaO and MgO) doped with 1.5 wt% lithium gave the best biodiesel yield of 76.0 and 83.00 % by volume respectively. These were applied to study the effects of other process parameters (reaction time, reaction temperature, agitation speed, and methanol to oil molal ratio) and other optimal yield of biodiesel were obtained at 2hrs reaction time, 600 reaction temperature, 400rpm agitation speed and alchohol/sample mole ratio of 10:1. Overall, the results were found to meet standard properties for biodiesel. At such, Li-CaO, Li-MgO, other similar materials should be adopted as catalyst for the production of biodiesel to bridge the energy gaps.
45 Degree Equal Channels Angular Pressing for Grains Refinement and Softening of Lead Alloy
Authors: Olumoroti Israel , Ogundana Tunde , Olomilua Adebisi
Published: August 2024

Severe plastic deformation (SPD) has over the times been employed in the production of enhanced lightweight metals and generally to improve a specific property of material without introducing expensive alloying elements to the current materials or applying high energy demanding heat treatment technique. This paper examined the influence of severe plastic deformation of lead alloy using equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). The technique was applied to lead alloy at room temperature using channel angles of 45°. The materials were processed up to three ECAP passes and subjected to equivalent strains of 8.70. Hardness test, impact test, and microstructural changes of the processed materials were examined. Results showed that extrusion force reduced as the strain level increased and that dynamic recrystallization and structural changes reduced the hardness of lead processed through 45o ECAP. Hardness of 8.95 HV was recorded when the material was processed through third ECAP pass, while 9.05 HV was recorded for second ECAP pass. The analysis shows clear reduction in the material hardness as number of pass increases when compared to the control sample with hardness of 16.77 HV. The result of impact test showed no clear difference between the values obtained for the material when processed through second and third pass because the amount of energy absorbed remained unchanged from 4 J for the two passes. Analysis of microstructure images also revealed that increasing the strain level leads to break down and dissolution of antimony rich precipitate. The microstructural change caused by ECAP of the control sample softens the material, as a result of break-up of the original precipitate structure and the acceleration of the dynamic recrystallization of the material.
Development of an Incinerator for Performance Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste as an Alternative Energy Source
Authors: Ondachi Paul
Published: August 2024

The challenge of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in cities of developing countries, including Abuja, poses a serious threat to environmental sustainability. An effective and economic approach to solving this problem is converting the organic fraction of the collected waste to energy by direct incineration. This requires knowledge of technical parameters of the MSW. Design, construction and performance analysis of an incinerator for treatment of organic waste was carried out in this work applying a methodology of standard mechanical engineering design principles. The aim of this study is to develop an incinerator that can be employed to treat organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) for the purpose of energy recovery, using Abuja’s MSW as a test case. Required combustion parameters of the MSW were thereby obtained. The fixed grate experimental-scale incinerator developed in this work has dimensions of 1000 mm x 800 mm x 800 mm (L x H x W) and a waste treating capacity of 30 kg/hr..Performance tests conducted on the incinerator showed that burn-out time of 30 minutes was achieved in the incineration of organic waste for a test batch size of 6 kg and the average incinerator hearth temperature attained was 618 .The carbon monoxide emission was found to be116.97 g per ton of MSW which is very much lower than internationally allowed value of 125g/ton of MSW. The incinerator’s potential for steam generation for electric power production was determined to be 64.86 kg/sec at 8 bar and 460 , pressure and temperature, respectively.
Direct Air Capture: Economy and Technical Cost of Low-Purity CO2 on Post-Capture Operating Cost
Authors: Abidoye Luqman
Published: August 2024

Direct air capture has the potential to capture from innumerable random, mobile and immobile small-scale carbon-emission sources.    In this study, simulations result of Direct Air Capture (DAC) reveal the isentropic compression work increases as the mole fraction of CO2 decreases in the stream. At the same depth of sequestration, compression power requirement increases by 20% to sequestrate 10% CO2 stream compared to pure CO2.  Also, sequestration at deeper geological layer further raises the power cost of the compression by approximately 14% from 1000 to 1500m and by almost 32% from 1500m to 2500m depth, for pure CO2. This increases to around 34% for storage at 2500m with 50% CO2 mole fraction and 36% for 20% CO2 fraction at the same depth.  Similarly, the cost of cooling compressed CO2 increases in proportion to the reduction in CO2 mole fraction in the gas stream. It was shown that the solution density increase with impurities as a result of falling pH in the presence of N2 and O2.
Effect of Different Drying Methods on Selected Quality Attributes of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
Authors: Oyefeso Babatunde O. , Ogunrinde Joshua A. , Ogunlade Clement A.
Published: August 2024

This study examined the impact of different drying techniques and packaging materials on specific quality characteristics of dehydrated okra. The techniques employed for drying and packaging, along with the specific types of dried okra used, should be explicitly described in the Materials and Methods section. The okra samples underwent pre-treatment by immersing them in hot water and salt water prior to being dried using two different ways, namely a laboratory oven and a microwave. The untreated samples were utilised as the control. The desiccated specimens were enclosed in Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pouches and kept in normal environmental conditions for a duration of eight weeks. The quality parameters of pH, colour, and viscosity were tested at two-week intervals for the entire storage duration. The initial pH of the fresh sample was 6.560±0.087. After blanching with fresh water and salt water, the pH climbed to 6.77±0.037 and 6.78±0.041, respectively. The pH further increased when the sample was dried in an oven, reaching 7.03±0.057 and 6.91±0.037. However, the pH declined when the sample was dried in a microwave, resulting in pH values of 6.18±0.051 and 6.39±0.033. The initial colour difference of the fresh sample (45.360±1.197) increased following the process of blanching in fresh water (45.900±1.527) and salt water (47.867±1.221), and subsequently dropped considerably after undergoing oven drying (9.950±1.221, 10.610±1.987) and microwave drying (8.590±1.294, 4.900±0.945). The viscosity of the fresh sample increased from 0.0124±0.003 to 0.0144±0.003 after blanching in boiled fresh water. However, it reduced to 0.008±0.002 after salt water blanching. After oven drying, the viscosity climbed to 0.016±0.001 and 0.0736±0.0257. Similarly, after microwave drying, the viscosity increased to 0.0928±0.0037 and 0.0256±0.007. Both LDPE and HDPE films were deemed suitable for packaging the dried okra samples, as they exhibited minimal contact with the surrounding environment and effectively maintained the quality of the product during the eight-week storage period.
Scavenging of Niobium Pentoxide from Pre-Scrubbed Columbite Tailings at Varying Sieve Size for Industrial Application
Authors: Adeoye Oreoluwa , Alabi Oladunni , Gbadamosi Yemisi
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on employing a cross-belt magnetic separator at various sieve sizes to upgrade the processed tailings of Kuru columbite ore for industrial application. The aim is to improve the quality of the processed tailings of the desliming process of the Kuru columbite (Plateau State) scrubbing method toward niobium pentoxide recovery by removing impurities through a cross-belt magnetic separator. The process was carried out at varied sieve sizes ranging from 500 to 125 µm. The cross-belt magnetic separator effectively removed ferromagnetic minerals (Niobium pentoxide) from the processed tailings, leading to a higher purity of the resulting mineral (48.326% Nb2O5) at 250 µm. Therefore, a 250 µm sieve fraction is recommended for its high grade, highest enrichment ratio, highest concentration ratio, and relatively low recovery. The study findings are helpful for niobium pentoxide production from columbite ore processing technology optimization, particularly in the context of industrial applications.
Development and Performance Evaluation of a Foot-Operated Fluid Aspirator
Authors: Nwaneri Solomon , Oyeniyi Enoch , Uregbulam Ugochi C. , Awobajo Funmileyi
Published: August 2024

Fluid aspiration is a common procedure undertaken during emergency situations in hospitals to remove airway blockages in patients. This activity is capable of increasing the risk of transmission of infections from patients to physicians or vice versa. Prevention or significant reduction of such infections is necessary. The goal of this paper is to develop and evaluate a foot activated fluid aspirator. The proposed device was designed using Autodesk Inventor Software. The device was designed and fabricated largely from locally available materials including plane sheets of metal, bacteria filter, two canister (waste bottle), 3 meter length tubing, pressure regulator control knob, AC power switch, 2 horse power compressor motors, 220V  contactor relay switch, air flow adaptor, four pieces of castor (rollers), four  cans of spray paint (white and black), one full length plywood (Formica), two yards of furniture mat, pressure gauge, Light Emitting Diodes (red and orange), canister hanger, window net (hard),13 amps AC plug, 10 µf AC capacitor, and one diathermy pedal switch. The fluid aspirator is dual powered and activated using a one-way switch and a single mechanical pedal switch. Evaluation of the device functionality returned a suction time of 2.02 ± 0.23 s compared to a suction time of 2.21 ± 0.22 s obtained from a functional standard commercially available fluid aspirator and with a p-value of 0.3429 indicating no statistically significant difference between the two suction times. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the device in absorbing both fluids at specific pressures. Therefore, the device could be immensely beneficial for use in hospitals.
Impact of Climate Change on Rainfall Erosivity in Nigeria
Authors: Akintola Olayiwola A. , Akande Samuel O. , Emmanuel Obianuju C. , Sajo Opeyemi S. , Oluwadare Ayoola O. , Olajire Olabanji O.
Published: August 2024

Nigeria, like many other countries, is vulnerable to the effects of climate change. This study investigated the effects of climate change on rainfall erosivity in Nigeria. Changes in rainfall patterns, such as increased intensity or duration, can significantly affect erosivity. In this study, rainfall data spanning a period of 62 years, obtained from the website archive of the Climate Research Unit-Time Series v4.3 (CRU-TS v4.3) from the University of East Anglia, United Kingdom, were used to compute rainfall erosivity indices for 46 selected stations in Nigeria, across five agroecological zones of Nigeria. The processed rainfall data for the selected locations were used to develop rainfall erosivity map for Nigeria. The erosivity map developed was compared with the one produced in 2005. Values of rainfall erosivity indices ranged from 30.92 (indicating low erosion risk) in Benin City to 85.81 (signifying very severe erosion risk) in Potiskum. Notably, the Southwest agroecological zone, previously categorized as having low erosion risk, has now transitioned to moderate erosion risk zone. Meanwhile, the Southeast and Central agroecological zones persist in the moderate erosion risk category, while the Northwest and Northeast agroecological zones are predominantly classified as severe erosion risk zones. Findings of this study can improve understanding of the threats posed by climate change to Nigerian soils. This information will help in developing strategies to mitigate soil erosion and ensure sustainable land management practices.
Integrating Fairness in Current Consumption of End Devices in Time-Slotted LoRa-based Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Kasali Abdulwakil A. , Akanbi Caleb O. , Akanbi Caleb O. , Omotosho Lawrence O. , Ogundoyin Brahim K.
Published: August 2024

LoRaWAN, a Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) networking protocol, allows devices to share a communication link and transmit data randomly. Its scalability is hindered by high collision rates and duty cycle restrictions, leading to uneven power usage and network instability. In contrast, time-slotted communications offer a solution by dividing time into fixed slots, ensuring fair and efficient network access. However, fairness in current consumption of end devices has been overlooked in previous studies, potentially causing network instability. This research introduces Group Acknowledgement Circular Shift (GACS) algorithm, combining group acknowledgment with a new Circular Shift method. Using MATLAB simulations and Jain's Fairness Index, two scenarios were tested: one with Group Acknowledgement (GA) without Circular Shift (CS) and another with GACS. Results on a network with ten devices and one gateway over ten cycles showed fairness improved from 98.32% with GA without CS to 99.75% with GACS. Even with 100 transmission cycles and varied parameters, GACS consistently outperformed GA without CS, highlighting its strong fairness index and ability to maintain uniform current consumption across nodes. Overall, the study emphasizes the robust fairness index of the GACS algorithm, irrespective of the number of nodes (SN) within each group slot, with nodes consistently exhibiting uniform current consumption at every SNth cycle
Interrogating the Nexus between Human Capital Development and Insecurity in South East Nigeria (2010-2023)
Authors: Nwankwor Amaka
Published: August 2024

This study is on the effect of human capacity development on insecurity in Nigeria (2010–2031). The study used descriptive survey research design in which youths of selected states in South East of Nigeria were studied. The population of the study is 13.4 million youths in South East of Nigeria. Linear regression was used in the hypotheses testing. This was done with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software ver.22. The study revealed that inability of government to build the capacity of the youths significantly heighten insecurity in South East Nigeria (Beta=0.656, p=0.000), that lack of youth skill training significantly heighten insecurity in South East Nigeria (Beta=0.674, p=0.000) and that inadequate development of technical capabilities significantly heightens insecurity in South East Nigeria (Beta=0.340, p=0.000). Based on the findings, the studyrecommended that since it will never be possible for government to employ all the youth in the South East, the government should encourage the youth through skills acquisition and soft loan to enable them start some businesses of their own, while the government continues to monitor the beneficiaries, offering them advice and guidance where necessary. The states government in South East part of Nigeria can as well encourage the youth to queue into the agricultural programme of the South Eastern states by acquiring land and other farm inputs at subsidized rates as well as making tractors and other equipment available, and can go further by assisting the farmers sale their produce at appreciable rate through marketing board which the states in South East of Nigeria can establish..