bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of intramural and extramural vascular invasion on stage II‐III colon cancer outcomes
Authors: Leijssen Lieve G. J. , Dinaux Anne M. , Amri Ramzi , Taylor Martin S. , Deshpande Vikram , Bordeianou Liliana G. , Kunitake Hiroko , Berger David L.
Published: January 2019

Background and Objectives

Vascular invasion, in particular extramural venous invasion (EMVI), is a pathologic characteristic that has been extensively studied in rectal cancer but rarely in colon cancer. This study aims to evaluate its prognostic role in stage II‐III colon cancer.

Methods

All stage II‐III colon cancer patients who underwent surgery between 2004 and 2015 were reviewed. We compared patients without invasion, with intramural invasion only (IMVI), EMVI only, and both IMVI/EMVI (n = 923).

Results

EMVI was associated with other high‐risk features, including T4, N+ disease, lymphatic, and perineural invasion (P < 0.001). EMVI+ patients had higher rates of locoregional and distant recurrence and subsequently disease‐specific mortality (stage‐II, odds ratio [OR] 3.64; P = 0.001; stage‐III OR, 1.94; P = 0.009), whereas outcomes were comparable between IMVI and no vascular invasion (OR, 1.21; P = 0.764; OR, 1.28, P = 0.607, respectively). The adjusted HRs for EMVI+ patients on disease‐free survival, and disease‐specific survival were 2.07 (
P < 0.001) and 1.67 (
P = 0.027), respectively. Moreover, EMVI+ stage‐II patients fared worse than EMVI– stage‐III patients, even after adjusting for adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

EMVI is a strong predictor for worse oncologic outcomes in stage II‐III colon cancer patients, whereas IMVI is not. It is also associated with worse outcomes compared in patients with higher stage disease who are EMVI negative.
Long‐term follow‐up of RET Y791F carriers in Denmark 1994‐2017: A National Cohort Study
Authors: Høxbroe Michaelsen Sanne , Ornstrup Marie Juul , Poulsen Morten Møller , Bennedbæk Finn Noe , Gaustadnes Mette , Rossing Maria , Darling Peter , Vestergaard Peter , Mathiesen Jes Sloth
Published: January 2019

Background and Objectives

Recently, a comprehensive study presented evidence that a long‐disputed REarranged during Transfection (RET) variant, RET Y791F, should be classified as nonpathogenic. In spite of this, several subsequently published papers, including the revised American Thyroid Association guidelines for medullary thyroid carcinoma, refer to the variant as pathogenic. This study presents data from a unique national Danish cohort of RET Y791F carriers who have been followed by watchful waiting instead of being subjected to early thyroidectomy, to determine if any carrier shows evidence of multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A (MEN2A) at long‐term follow‐up.

Methods

A national cohort of all patients tested for RET mutations in Denmark from September 1994 to October 2017 was searched for carriers of RET Y791F. Medical records and laboratory reports of carriers were reviewed for signs of MEN2A at latest follow‐up (medullary thyroid carcinoma, primary hyperparathyroidism, pheochromocytoma, cutaneous lichen amyloidosis, or Hirschsprung's disease).

Results

In total, twenty RET Y791F‐carriers were identified, none of whom showed any evidence of MEN2A, despite an age range from 7 to 87 years.

Conclusions

Our national cohort study of all Danish RET Y791F carriers substantiates the claim that the RET Y791F variant is nonpathogenic.
Patients with in‐transit melanoma metastases have comparable survival outcomes following isolated limb infusion or intralesional PV‐10—A propensity score matched, single center study
Authors: Read Tavis , Fayers Warren , Thomas Janine , Wagels Michael , Barbour Andrew , Mark Smithers B.
Published: January 2019

Background and Objective

Isolated limb infusion (ILI) and intralesional PV‐10 are well described locoregional therapies for in‐transit melanoma. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of these treatments on survival outcomes within a cohort matched for key characteristics.

Methods

Patients were treated using ILI or intralesional PV‐10 at a single institution and the data prospectively recorded. Propensity score matching was performed using key covariates within a logistic regression model. The primary outcome was the melanoma‐specific survival.

Results

Seventy‐two patients nonrandomized were successfully matched. Both treatments produced similar best overall responses. The median melanoma‐specific survival (MSS) was 74.4 months from ILI and 36.4 months from PV‐10 treatments (P = 0.164). Within the ILI subgroup, the 12‐, 24‐, 36‐ and 60‐month MSS rates were 85.3%, 75.3%, 60.1%, and 60.1%, respectively. From the time of PV‐10 the corresponding 12‐, 24‐, 36‐, and 60‐month MSS rates were 82.6%, 70.0%, 53.9%, and 35.9%. On multivariate analysis, there was a significant difference in survival comparing completely with noncomplete responders (
P = 0.031).

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate that ILI and PV‐10 treatments for in‐transit disease produce comparable long‐term survival. Both therapies have reproducible response rates and predominantly localized and tolerable side‐effects.
The current practice of open neck mass biopsy in the diagnosis of head and neck cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Akkina Sarah R. , Kim Roderick Y. , Stucken Chaz L. , Pynnonen Melissa A. , Bradford Carol R.
Published: January 2019

Objective

To characterize current use of open neck mass biopsy for diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma in patients presenting with a neck mass.

Methods

Using the University of Michigan Specialized Program of Research Excellence in Head and Neck Cancer patient database (2008–2014), we reviewed patients’ referral documentation to identify those who received open neck mass biopsies as part of their squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis. We compared subsequent treatment between patients who did and did not receive an open neck mass biopsy.

Results

Of 940 patients, 50 patients had received open neck mass biopsy leading to squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis. Only 19 of 50 patients (38%) had undergone fine‐needle aspiration prior to open neck mass biopsy. There were no statistically significant differences in treatment or outcomes between patients who did and those who did not receive open neck mass biopsy.

Conclusion

Optimal care for patients who present with a neck mass is fine‐needle aspiration. Unfortunately, these data show that many patients undergo open neck mass biopsy for diagnosis, often without prior fine‐needle aspirate. Compared to fine‐needle aspiration, open biopsy incurs additional risks of general anesthesia and greater surgical risks. While our data did not find statistically significant differences between treatment offered and outcomes, this small study was not expected to demonstrate a difference in outcomes. Further work is needed to promote the utility of fine‐needle aspiration for diagnosis of neck mass and to discourage use of open neck mass biopsy as a primary diagnostic intervention.

Level of Evidence

2c (Outcomes Research)
Oxidative Epigallocatechin Gallate Coating on Polymeric Substrates for Bone Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Madhurakkat Perikamana Sajeesh Kumar , Lee Sang Min , Lee Jinkyu , Ahmad Taufiq , Lee Min Suk , Yang Hee Seok , Shin Heungsoo
Published: January 2019

Plant derived flavonoids have not been well explored in tissue engineering applications due to difficulties in efficient formulations with biomaterials for controlled presentation. Here, the authors report that surface coating of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on polymeric substrates including poly (L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers can be performed via oxidative polymerization of EGCG in the presence of cations, enabling regulation of biological functions of multiple cell types implicated in bone regeneration. EGCG coating on the PLLA nanofiber promotes osteogenic differentiation of adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) and is potent to suppress adipogenesis of ADSCs while significantly reduces osteoclastic maturation of murine macrophages. Moreover, EGCG coating serves as a protective layer for ADSCs against oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide. Finally, the in vivo implantation of EGCG‐coated nanofibers into a mouse calvarial defect model significantly promotes the bone regeneration (61.52 ± 28.10%) as compared to defect (17.48 ± 11.07%). Collectively, the results suggest that EGCG coating is a simple bioinspired surface modification of polymeric biomaterials and importantly can thus serve as a promising interface for tuning activities of multiple cell types associated with bone fracture healing.
Polypeptidic Micelles Stabilized with Sodium Alginate Enhance the Activity of Encapsulated Bedaquiline
Authors: Soria‐Carrera Héctor , Lucía Ainhoa , De Matteis Laura , Aínsa José A. , de la Fuente Jesús M. , Martín‐Rapún Rafael
Published: January 2019

The coating of polypeptidic micelles with sodium alginate is described as a strategy to improve the stability of micelles for drug delivery. Bedaquiline, approved in 2012 for the treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis, has been used as an example of hydrophobic drug to study the loading efficiency, the release of the encapsulated drug in different media, and the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the system. Alginate coating prevents the burst release of the drug from micelles upon dilution and leads to a sustained release in all tested media. In view of possible oral administration, the alginate coated micelles show better stability in gastric and intestinal simulated media. Notably, the encapsulated bedaquiline shows increased in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis compared to free bedaquiline.
Lubrication mechanisms of C‐MoS2‐Fe2O3 (Fe3O4) nano‐composite lubricants at the rubbing interfaces of non‐copper coated solid wires against the contact tube
Authors: Li Z.X. , Wan Q. , Li G.D. , Li H. , Li H.J. , Zhang T.L. , Kim H.J. , Tillmann W.
Published: January 2019

Graphite‐MoS2‐Fe2O3 (Fe3O4) nano‐composite lubricating coatings were prepared on the surfaces of non‐copper coated solid wires by a mechanical coating technique. The tribological behaviours of graphite‐MoS2‐Fe2O3 (Fe3O4) coatings at the rubbing interfaces of welding wires against the contact tube were investigated. The results demonstrate that the lubricating properties of graphite‐Fe3O4 coatings outperform the lubricating properties of graphite‐Fe2O3 coatings. The anti‐wear performance of the contact tube is strengthened with increasing nano‐MoS2 contents. Layers of protective tribofilms are formed at the rubbing interfaces of welding wires against a contact tube by tribochemical reaction among lubricants. The tribofilms are composed of FeO, MoO3 and FeMoO4 with excellent lubricating properties. They can avoid direct contact of welding wires against the contact tube, thus decreasing contact tube wear. With the transition of the contact tube wear from mild to severe, the dominant wear mechanisms of contact tube change from fatigue peeling and oxidative wear to abrasive wear and arc ablation.
Vitamin D Protects Against Alcohol‐Induced Liver Cell Injury Within an NRF2–ALDH2 Feedback Loop
Authors: Zhang Hong , Xue Lian , Li Bingyan , Zhang Zengli , Tao Shasha
Published: January 2019

Scope

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress induced during the alcohol metabolism plays a crucial role in ALD, and clinical evidence demonstrates the prevalence and risks of vitamin D (VD) deficiency in ALD. This study aims to explore the mechanism of VD administration to ameliorate alcohol‐induced cell injury.

Methods and results

VD activates NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF‐E2)‐related factor 2) signals along with upregulation of ALDH2 expression. Knockdown of NRF2 eliminates the protective effects of VD treatment. ALDH2 knockdown not only partially affects this protection, but also mildly reduces NRF2 expression. ALDH2 overexpression enhances ERK phosphorylation and upregulated NRF2 transcription via a newly identified TRE in the exon 1 of NRF2.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence that VD protects against alcohol‐induced cell injury within an NRF2‐ALDH2 feedback loop. NRF2 induced by VD could transcriptionally upregulate ALDH2 expression to help metabolize alcohol. TRE‐driven transcriptional upregulation of NRF2 through ALDH2‐ERK/MEK signals would further exert the anti‐oxidant effects. The study explores a novel potential protection of VD in alcohol‐induced liver cell injury, and contributes to alcohol‐related liver disease nutritional therapies.
Effect of long‐term heat exposure on rheological and intrinsic water characteristics of bone‐derived beef stocks
Authors: Poulsen Cornelia Louise Nygaard , Clausen Morten Rahr , Gregersen Sandra Beyer , Bertram Hanne Christine
Published: January 2019

Bone‐derived protein stocks are used in food industry to enhance taste of soups, sauces, and a range of other products. Both during commercial manufacturing and when used for culinary purposes, the stocks may be exposed to high temperatures for an extended time period. The present study investigated the effect of retention at 90°C for 0, 3, 6, 9, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hr on the functional attributes of concentrated bone‐derived beef stocks (57% Dry matter (DM)). Visual inspection and rheological analyses showed that during increasing heat exposure, the gel strength as well as viscosity of the concentrated stocks decreased incrementally and significantly (P > 0.001). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation measurements conducted on the beef stocks also revealed strong effects of heat exposure on the transverse (T2) relaxation time, which increased incrementally and significantly (P > 0.001) with longer heat exposure. Thus, the present study demonstrated that heat‐induced changes in rheological properties of bone‐derived beef stocks can be ascribed to changes in intrinsic water–protein interactions and water attributes as a result of heat‐induced protein modifications. In conclusion, the study proves that NMR relaxometry is a valuable tool for monitoring changes in intrinsic water mobility that are manifested in modified functional attributes of concentrated beef stocks.
International Continence Society (ICS) report on the terminology for nocturia and nocturnal lower urinary tract function
Authors: Hashim Hashim , Blanker Marco H. , Drake Marcus J. , Djurhuus Jens Christian , Meijlink Jane , Morris Vikky , Petros Peter , Wen Jian Guo , Wein Alan
Published: January 2019

Introduction

The terminology for nocturia and nocturnal lower urinary tract function is reviewed and updated in a clinically and practically‐based consensus report.

Methods

This report has been created by a Working Group under the auspices and guidelines of the International Continence Society (ICS) Standardisation Steering Committee (SSC). All relevant definitions were updated on the basis of research over the last 16 years since the publication of the first nocturia standardization document in 2002. An extensive process of 16 rounds of internal and external reviews was involved to examine each definition exhaustively, with decision‐making by collective opinion (consensus).

Results

A clinically‐based terminology report for nocturia and nocturnal lower urinary tract function, encompassing five key definitions divided into signs and symptoms has been developed. Clarity and user‐friendliness have been key aims to make it interpretable by healthcare professionals and allied healthcare practitioners involved in the care of individuals with nocturnal lower urinary tract function.

Conclusion

A consensus‐based terminology report for nocturia and nocturnal lower urinary tract function has been produced to aid clinical practice and research.
Identifying Critically Ill Veterans Who Require Nutrition Intervention: A Quality Improvement Study Comparing Nutrition Risk Tools
Authors: Hiller Lynn D. , Metzger Lauri S.
Published: January 2019

Background

Identification of intensive care unit (ICU) patients who require nutrition intervention is crucial to initiating nutrition therapy. This prospective quality improvement study evaluated the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) 2002, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), and Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (NUTRIC) score in comparison with the Veterans Administration Nutrition Status Classification (VANSC) tool to determine which best identified the need for nutrition intervention.

Methods

A convenience sample of 150 ICU patients was evaluated using the VANSC, NRS 2002, MUST, and the NUTRIC score. The resultant score, need for nutrition intervention, and presence of malnutrition were recorded for patients. Interventions were defined as need for enteral or parenteral nutrition, nutritional supplements, or diet change. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), F1 score, and accuracy to predict need for nutrition intervention were calculated for each screening tool.

Results

Of the 150 patients, 49 (33%) required 1 or more nutrition interventions. The NRS 2002 (0.878) and VANSC (0.816) had the highest sensitivity. The NUTRIC (0.921) and VANSC (0.911) had the highest specificity. The VANSC (0.816) and MUST (0.687) had the highest PPV. The VANSC (0.911) and NRS 2002 (0.872) had the highest NPV. The VANSC (0.727) and MUST (0.528) had the highest MCC. The VANSC (0.816) and MUST (0.680) had the highest F1 score.

Conclusions

Trialing several tools to identify their efficacy and reliability individual setting may help determine the most appropriate tool to utilize for your patient population and specific goals.
Improved Nutrition Status in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure Implanted With a Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Genev Ivo , Yost Gardner , Gregory Mary , Gomez Kayéromi , Pappas Patroklos , Tatooles Antone , Bhat Geetha
Published: January 2019

Background

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation for advanced heart failure is known to improve survival, functional capacity, and quality of life. Most patients implanted with LVADs suffer from moderate to severe malnutrition and deconditioning due to their advanced disease. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and the short form of the survey (MNA‐SF) are 2 well‐validated clinical tools, previously used to assess patient nutrition status in numerous conditions. Earlier work has demonstrated that low nutrition scores can independently predict mortality in the LVAD population. This study explored changes in MNA scores and other clinical markers following LVAD.

Methods

This retrospective study included 74 patients implanted with LVADs between 2012 and 2017. MNA or MNA‐SF along with other clinical data and nutrition indices were assessed during the preoperative workup and reassessed on average 423.9 days post LVAD. Paired‐samples t‐tests were used to evaluate any changes.

Results

Despite an average body mass index of 30.8, 28.3% of patients were classified by MNA as malnourished, and 58.5% were considered at risk prior to LVAD implantation. Post LVAD implantation, MNA scores improved from an average of 19.2–23.0 (P < 0.001), with now only 3.8% classified as malnourished and 45.3% classified as at risk. MNA‐SF and prognostic nutritional index also improved significantly.

Conclusions

This study indicates that LVAD implantation is associated with a long‐term improvement in nutrition status when compared with the preoperative heart failure state.
‘Waiting for Jardiwanpa’: History and Mediation in Warlpiri Fire Ceremonies
Authors: Curran Georgia
Published: January 2019

Warlpiri fire ceremonies, including Jardiwanpa, have been documented in various ethnographies and films for over 100 years. Focused on the documented history of these rituals in Yuendumu, and through ethnographic observations from recent decades, I analyse the transforming meanings of fire ceremonies in contemporary Warlpiri lives. I demonstrate that there have been post‐settlement shifts in ritual purpose due to sedentarisation and the increased connections that Warlpiri people have made to a broader world. I note in particular that, when monetary payment for performing Jardiwanpa for filmic representation became standard practice in the 1990s, the intricacies of the Dreaming were no longer central, nor were the original purposes of conflict resolution and the opening up of marriage restrictions. Several films have been made of fire ceremonies, resulting in fixed representations of what otherwise are emergent practices. This has impacted the ways in which these rituals can be held today, and Warlpiri people have had to creatively re‐negotiate a space for Jardiwanpa and similar fire ceremonies.
Simultaneous Occurrence of Nanospheres and Nanofibers Self‐Assembled from Achiral Tripeptides
Authors: Vardhishna Malapaka Venkata , Srinivasulu Gannoju , Harikrishna Adicherl , Thakur Suman Siddharth , Chatterjee Bhaswati
Published: January 2019

The achiral tripeptide Boc‐Aib‐MABA‐Aib‐OMe has the ability to co‐exist as nanospheres and as a network of nanofibers in methanol. Furthermore, AFM and TEM images show the presence of bulges in the network of nanofibers. Interestingly, the formation of nanofibers is seen to emerge from the outer boundary of the spherical structures. Some of the nanofibers curl up at the tip and later result in the formation of hollow nanospheres with thick boundaries. The presence of β‐turn‐like structures with hydrogen bonding is observed using FT‐IR studies. The presence of hydrogen bonding is also demonstrated by using NMR studies.
Economic questions on global warming during the Trump years
Authors: Seo S. Niggol
Published: January 2019

This paper examines the rapid changes made on U.S. climate change policies and regulations under the Trump administration for the past 22 months since his inauguration in January 2017. Policy changes are made on a wide range of climate‐related programs: Paris Agreement, Green Climate Fund, Clean Power Plan, CAFÉ automobile emission standards, arctic drilling, methane rule, and farm animal emissions. This paper discusses that Trump effects will soon be observed by several empirical indicators.
Wood and roots of major grapevine cultivars and rootstocks: A comparative analysis of stilbenes by UHPLC‐DAD‐MS/MS and NMR
Authors: Gabaston Julien , Leborgne Cécile , Waffo‐Teguo Pierre , Valls Josep , Palos Pinto Antonio , Richard Tristan , Cluzet Stéphanie , Mérillon Jean‐Michel
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Grapevine wood and roots are by‐products obtained during vineyard management. This plentiful biomass is known to be rich in stilbenes and can be used as a source of high‐value compounds as well as active natural extracts. However, the stilbenes in grapevine wood and roots from different cultivars and rootstocks remain to be characterized.

Objective

The present study investigated the stilbene content of eight major Vitis vinifera cultivars and six different rootstocks. In addition, the distribution of stilbenes was established for each of seven parts into which the plants were sub‐divided.

Methodology

For stilbene characterization and quantification purposes, an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detector‐mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐DAD‐MS/MS) analysis of different samples was carried out. Moreover, structural data of stilbenes was unambiguously studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra.

Results

Whatever the cultivar/rootstock combination, stilbenes were found to be oligomerized from the aerial part to the root system. Furthermore, stilbene content varied widely depending on the cultivars and rootstocks. For instance, the cultivars Merlot, Tannat and Gamay noir were the richest in stilbenes while the rootstocks Gravesac, Fercal and 3390C contained the highest amounts.

Conclusion

These findings provide insight into the knowledge that major grapevine cultivars and rootstocks can be used as a potential source of complex stilbenes.
Effects of Methylaluminoxane Modifications on Tuning the Bis(Imino)Pyridyl Iron‐Catalyzed Oligomerization of Ethylene
Authors: Ye Jian , Li Yu , Jiang Binbo , Zhang Wei , Wang Jingdai , Liao Zuwei , Huang Zhengliang , Yang Yongrong , Ye Zhibin
Published: January 2019

For the purpose of reducing the simultaneous production of insoluble polymers during the bis(imino)pyridyl iron‐catalyzed ethylene oligomerization, various modifiers like phenol, anisole, 1‐naphthol, 2‐naphthol, benzoic acid, cyclohexanol, cyclohexyl carbinol, and benzyl alcohol were employed to modify the co‐catalyst methylaluminoxane (MAO) and tune the catalytic behaviors in this work. It was found that phenol could serve as a good polymer‐retarding modifier, the phenolic hydroxyl group was responsible for the interactions with MAO. Further increasing the aromatic ring size from phenol to naphthols was beneficial for retarding the polymer formation. Meanwhile, an increase of the acidity of the modifiers would promote the interactions between them and MAO, but also tend to easily deactivate the catalytic system. In addition, the alcohol modifiers with a phenol‐like structure were also studied, their deactivation effect was found to be stronger than their polymer‐retarding effect, making them difficult to obtain a satisfactory low polymer formation with the catalytic system remaining a high activity. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1010–1016, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Tokyo Pack Introduces Innovative Plastic Packaging Ideas from Asian Exhibitors
Authors: Carlin Conor
Published: January 2019

The 27th Tokyo Pack Exhibition held Oct. 2 to 5, 2018, was a visual and tactile wonderland of ideas, materials, products, and technologies for packaging designers, engineers, material scientists, and automation enthusiasts. Held at Tokyo Big Sight Convention Center at Ariake on Tokyo Bay, the event drew over 700 exhibitors from mostly Asian countries, with Japan providing the lion's share of participants. The official total was 62,000 unique visitors over a four‐day period.
New Mono‐Material Flexible Pouch Follows Cradle to Cradle Principles
Authors: Grace Robert
Published: January 2019

Albin Kälin wants to close the loop. For more than 25 years, the Swiss native has steadfastly encouraged the creation of products that adhere to so‐called Cradle to Cradle® principles. These principles provide the basis for a global system for developing and certifying sustainable economic feasibility. He continues to urge that transformation today, with the aim of achieving a more circular economy.
SABIC Exec Sees Growing and Diverse Product Lines at K2019
Authors: Toensmeier Pat
Published: January 2019

The triennial K Show runs from Oct. 16 to 23 in Düsseldorf, Germany. Some 3,000 exhibitors will display products to over 200,000 attendees. Among the major exhibitors is SABIC, a polymers and diversified materials producer, which will have stands in Hall 6 (D42 and N‐02 and 03).
Use of Cangrelor as a Bridge to Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in a Patient with a Recent Drug‐Eluting Stent Who Developed Acute Tirofiban‐Related Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Kabadi Rajiv A. , Danelich Ilya M. , Entwistle John W. , Marhefka Gregary D. , Reeves Gordon , Boyle Andrew J. , Qureshi Ataul M.
Published: January 2019

Current guidelines emphasize the need for at least 6–12 months of oral dual antiplatelet therapy consisting of aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor following drug‐eluting coronary artery stent implantation. In patients with recently implanted coronary artery stents who require urgent cardiac or noncardiac surgery, the benefits of maintaining oral dual antiplatelet therapy must be carefully weighed against the risks of excessive bleeding, and current practice is largely guided by individual surgeon preferences. When the effects of a second oral antiplatelet agent are undesirable during the perioperative period, the use of a short‐acting intravenous antiplatelet agent as “bridge” therapy that can be discontinued shortly before surgery is associated with a reduced occurrence of adverse clinical events in patients with recently implanted coronary stents requiring urgent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Cangrelor is an intravenous adenosine triphosphate analog P2Y12 receptor antagonist with a short plasma half‐life that has been used off label in patients with recent coronary stents as a bridge to invasive procedures with excessive bleeding risk. To our knowledge, this is the first case report to demonstrate the safe and effective use of cangrelor as a bridge to left ventricular assist device implantation in a patient with a recently implanted drug‐eluting coronary artery stent who developed acute thrombocytopenia following reexposure to tirofiban, a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor.
Progress in External Quantum Efficiency for III‐Nitride Based Deep Ultraviolet Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Chu Chunshuang , Tian Kangkai , Zhang Yonghui , Bi Wengang , Zhang Zi‐Hui
Published: January 2019

AlGaN‐based deep ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes (DUV LEDs) are featured with small size, DC driving, no environmental contamination etc., and they are now emerging as the excellent solid‐state light source to replace the conventional mercury based light tubes. Nevertheless, the DUV LEDs are currently affected by the poor external quantum efficiency (EQE), which is caused by the low internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and the very unsatisfying light extraction efficiency (LEE). In this work, the authors disclose the underlying mechanism for the low EQE and summarize the technologies that have been adopted so far for enhancing the EQE.
Magnetic‐TEGFET: Transistor Without a Gate
Authors: Raymond Andre , Chaubet C. , Delgard Adrien , Chenaud Boris , Cavanna Antonella , Harmand Jean C. , Zawadzki Wlodzimierz
Published: January 2019

Low‐temperature current–voltage characteristics of n‐type GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wells delta‐doped in GaAs channel with Be acceptors are studied in the presence of a magnetic field. Negatively charged acceptor ions localize 2D conduction electrons by a combined effect of a quantum well and magnetic field parallel to the growth direction. In acceptor‐doped samples, the Hall electric field plays the role of the gate voltage. It is shown that at magnetic fields as weak as 1.5 T (or higher), the drain current reaches a constant value independent of the drain voltage. This phenomenon is due to the electron localization resulting in the decrease of conducting electron density in the crossed‐field configuration. The above special behavior of acceptor‐doped GaAs/GaAlAs heterostructures is exploited to realize a device called Magnetic‐TEGFET (Magnetic Two‐dimensional Electron Gas Field Effect Transistor) operating at low temperatures. The elimination of the gate in the studied transistor suppresses the gate‐to‐drain leakage current, which, in the standard TEGFETs, results in the electronic shot noise.
Improving reporting of meta‐ethnography: The eMERGe reporting guidance
Authors: France Emma F. , Cunningham Maggie , Ring Nicola , Uny Isabelle , Duncan Edward A. S. , Jepson Ruth G. , Maxwell Margaret , Roberts Rachel J. , Turley Ruth L. , Booth Andrew , Britten Nicky , Flemming Kate , Gallagher Ian , Garside Ruth , Hannes Karin , Lewin Simon , Noblit George W. , Pope Catherine , Thomas James , Vanstone Meredith , Higginbottom Gina M. A. , Noyes Jane
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to provide guidance to improve the completeness and clarity of meta‐ethnography reporting. Evidence‐based policy and practice require robust evidence syntheses which can further understanding of people's experiences and associated social processes. Meta‐ethnography is a rigorous seven‐phase qualitative evidence synthesis methodology, developed by Noblit and Hare. Meta‐ethnography is used widely in health research, but reporting is often poor quality and this discourages trust in and use of its findings. Meta‐ethnography reporting guidance is needed to improve reporting quality. The eMERGe study used a rigorous mixed‐methods design and evidence‐based methods to develop the novel reporting guidance and explanatory notes. The study, conducted from 2015 to 2017, comprised of: (1) a methodological systematic review of guidance for meta‐ethnography conduct and reporting; (2) a review and audit of published meta‐ethnographies to identify good practice principles; (3) international, multidisciplinary consensus‐building processes to agree guidance content; (4) innovative development of the guidance and explanatory notes. Recommendations and good practice for all seven phases of meta‐ethnography conduct and reporting were newly identified leading to 19 reporting criteria and accompanying detailed guidance.The bespoke eMERGe Reporting Guidance, which incorporates new methodological developments and advances the methodology, can help researchers to report the important aspects of meta‐ethnography. Use of the guidance should raise reporting quality. Better reporting could make assessments of confidence in the findings more robust and increase use of meta‐ethnography outputs to improve practice, policyand service user outcomes in health and other fields. This is the first tailored reporting guideline for meta‐ethnography.

This article is being simultaneously published in the following journals: Journal of Advanced Nursing, Psycho‐oncology, Review of Education, PLoS One and BMC Medical Research Methodology.
Cellulose‐Supported CuI‐Nanoparticles‐Mediated Green Synthesis of Trifluoromethylbenzoate‐Linked Triazoles for Pharmacological & DFT study
Authors: Deswal Sonal , Tittal Ram Kumar , Yadav Pinki , Lal Kashmiri , Vikas D. Ghule , Kumar Nikhil
Published: January 2019

A green heterogeneous catalyst cellulose‐supported CuI‐nanoparticles employed for efficient synthesis of 4‐trifluoromethylbenzoate‐linked triazole in high yield from 4‐trifluoromethyl‐benzoic acid prop‐2‐ynyl ester and aryl/benzyl azide under aqueous condition. All triazoles were successfully characterized by IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, HRMS and finally supported by X‐ray crystallographic structure of 4‐trifluoromethyl‐benzoic acid 1‐phenyl‐1H‐[1,2,3]triazol‐4‐ylmethyl ester. Antibacterial study revealed that triazoles substituted by 4‐NO2 and 4‐Cl group to the benzyl and benzene ring displayed good to comparable activity as compare to commonly used drug ciprofloxacin. Likewise, triazoles substituted with a 4‐NO2 group on benzyl ring, unsubstituted aryl and 4‐F substituted aryl showed better antifungal activity when compared with commonly used antifungal drug fluconazole. Further, the computational study by DFT (B3PW91) level with 6–311G(d,p) basis set studied chemical reactivities, chemical hardness and molecular stability of triazole by frontier molecular orbital and molecular electrostatic potential study. The DFT results were in good agreement with pharmacological studies.
Optimization of Chemi‐adsorption, EDLC, and Redox Capacitance Through Electro‐precipitation Synthesis of Fe3O4/NiO@rGO/h‐BN for the Development of Hybrid Supercapacitor
Authors: Saha Sanjit , Jang Wooree , Murmu Naresh C , Koo Hyeyoung , Kuila Tapas
Published: January 2019

3D Fe3O4/NiO was grafted on to the 2D rGO/h‐BN by electro‐precipitation method. Nitrogen of h‐BN moiety and oxygen functional groups of rGO played the role of negative active site to trap the metallic cations. Electrochemical charge storage mechanism was optimized by controlling the stoichiometry and defect contents of Fe3O4/NiO@rGO/h‐BN. Stoichiometry of the electro‐precipitated samples was tailored in presence of negative active sites of rGO/h‐BN and applied D.C. bias of the electrochemical bath. In addition, the nucleation and growth of metal oxides were influenced by the stacking and vacancy defects of rGO/h‐BN sheets. High specific capacitance (1328 F g−1) of Fe3O4/NiO@rGO/h‐BN was attributed to the synergistic effect of electrochemical double layer capacitance of rGO, chemi‐adsorption of –OH ions on Lewis acid (boron of h‐BN moiety) and redox capacitance of Fe3O4/NiO in alkaline medium. In addition, the presence of pyrrolic defect at the rGO/h‐BN stacking region acted as the nucleation site and provided additional redox capacitance by shifting the Fermi level towards the valance band. An asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was constructed using Fe3O4/NiO@rGO/h‐BN and thermally reduced GO as positive and negative electrode, respectively. ASC showed high energy (82 W h Kg−1) and power density (5600 W Kg−1) along with low relaxation time constant (2.2 ms) and high stability (79%) after 10,000 charge discharge cycles.
Optimization Conditions for Crystal Growth of Novel Nanolayers, Nanohybrids and Nanocomposites Based on Cobalt, Zirconium, Titanium and Silicon
Authors: Saber Osama , Aljaafari Abdullah , Osama Aya , Alshoaibi Adil
Published: January 2019

The present study has a triple aim for producing three novel nanostructures through incorporation of zirconium, titanium and silicon in the host layer of layered double hydroxides (LDH) beside cobalt. These four metals were designed in ordered structures for creating novel nanolayers inside LDH. By modifying these nanolayers with fatty acid, another novel nanohybrid material was produced. This nanohybrid contains 38% of inorganic species in addition to 62% of hydrocarbons fatty acid. In addition, the thermal treatment of the nanolayered structure converted the nanolayers of Co‐Si‐Zr‐Ti LDH to nanocomposites consisting of nanoparticles of cobalt oxide doped by triple dopants in an order manner: zirconium titanium and silicon. The crystals growth of Co‐Si‐Ti‐Zr LDH was studied from 9 h to 32 h through four stages. These stages were followed by different techniques. Finally, this study concluded that the nanolayered structure of Co‐Si‐Zr‐Ti, which is not yet published in the literature, could be formed with well‐crystallized phase. This novel 2D nanomaterial has positive impact to open the way for creating novel nanocomposites and nanohybrids.
One‐Pot Synthesis and Structure Evolution of Copper‐Containing Ethane‐Silica Induced by Copper Sources
Authors: Lin Feng , Meng Xiangyan , Lu Shengjie , Wu Lishun
Published: January 2019

Cu‐PMOs materials are prepared through a simply one‐step synthesis approach with the addition of different copper sources respectively under basic conditions. The obtained materials have been characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N2 adsorption‐desorption measurement. The results show that the choice of copper precursor is very important in determining the final structure of the materials. By using Cu(NO3)2 as the copper source, Cu‐PMOs exhibits a cubic Fm3 m mesoporous structure at lower copper loading amount, and a mesostructure transformation of Cu‐PMOs from cubic Fm3 m to 2‐D hexagonal P6 mm structure is occurred at higher copper loading amount. While in case of CuCl2 or CuSO4, only Cu‐PMOs with cubic Fm3 m mesostructure can be obtained.
Transition‐Metal‐free C5, C7‐Dihalogenation and the Switchable C5 Halogenation of 8‐Hydroxyquinolines
Authors: Xiong Jin , Liu Yunyun
Published: January 2019

The first example on the C5, C7‐dihalogenation of 8‐hydroxyquinolines based on an in situ O‐acyl 8‐hydroxyquinoline formation is realized under catalyst‐free condition in toluene. Modifying the reaction conditions by directly utilizing O‐acylated 8‐hydroxyquinolines in the presence of AlCl3 enables the electrophilic halogenation in the C5 position, leading to the tunable synthesis of C5 halogenated products. The O‐acyl group can be easily removed from the product to provide halogenated quinolines containing free hydroxyl group by simple hydrolysis.
Holo‐Lactoferrin Modified Liposome for Relieving Tumor Hypoxia and Enhancing Radiochemotherapy of Cancer
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Yang Jingrong , Min Qingqing , Ling Chenjie , Maiti Debabrata , Xu Jiaying , Qin Liqiang , Yang Kai
Published: January 2019

Hypoxic microenvironments in the solid tumor play a negative role in radiotherapy. Holo‐lactoferrin (holo‐Lf) is a natural protein, which acts as a potential ligand of transferrin receptor (TfR). In this work, an anticancer drug, doxorubicin (Dox)‐loaded liposome‐holo‐Lf nanocomposites, is developed for tumor targeting and imaging guided combined radiochemotherapy. Dox‐loaded liposome‐holo‐Lf (Lf‐Liposome‐Dox) nanocomposites exhibit significant cellular uptake likely owing to the TfR receptor‐mediated targeting accumulation of Lf‐Liposome‐Dox nanocomposites. Additionally, the nanocomposites exhibit high accumulation in the tumor site after intravenous injection as evidenced from in vivo fluorescence imaging. More importantly, it is found that the holo‐Lf has the ability to catalyze the conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to oxygen for relieving the tumor hypoxic microenvironment. Photoacoustic imaging further confirms the abundant generation of oxygen in the presence of Lf‐Liposome‐Dox nanocomposites. Based on these findings, in vivo combined radiochemotherapy is performed using Lf‐Liposome‐Dox as therapeutic agent, achieving excellent cancer treatment effect. The study further promotes the potential biomedical application of holo‐Lf in cancer treatment.
Beam‐column connections of concrete‐filled double steel tubular frame structures
Authors: Zhang Yufen , Zhou Zhijun
Published: January 2019

Four types of concrete‐filled double steel tubular (CFDST) columns were introduced in this paper, which had the advantage of higher bearing capacity, stronger stiffness, and better fire‐resistant and explosion‐resistant performance. To research a reasonable form of beam‐column connection is the top priority in CFDST frame structures. After a brief historical background concerning the development of CFDST columns, this study conducted an investigation and comparison of several existing beam‐column connections. The constructional detail and force transfer mechanism of each beam‐column connection were analyzed according to the present research achievements. Several finite element models were established to discuss the various connection configurations and main factors affecting their behaviors. In general, connection design can take full advantage of the characteristic of double tubes in CFDST structure, so a series of construction improvements for joint design parameters in CFDST frame structures was proposed to improve the seismic performance and the relevant study for the future work was also discussed.
Towards Green Synthesis and Processing of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Yunping , Luscombe Christine K.
Published: January 2019

In 2018, several major breakthroughs have been achieved in organic solar cells (OSCs) with the record power conversion efficiency (PCE) reaching over 17 %. With this increased efficiency, it is time to take a step forward to consider how to convert this technology into large scale production. For this, the economic and environmental profile of OSCs should be taken seriously‐simplified synthetic routes and green chemistry methods should be applied. According to previous studies, OSCs are competitive and profitable in the commercial market. However, toxic and/or hazardous chemicals are currently used in materials synthesis and device fabrication of OSCs. In this account, we will talk about contributions and efforts we have made to minimize the economic and environmental disadvantages in the production of OSCs. We will start with the background on how our projects were conceived and will specifically discuss our work on direct arylation and green solvent. Developments of direct arylation for synthesizing conjugated polymers will be illustrated along with our recent finding regarding the effect of green solvents on device performance and stability.
Postmortem fetal imaging: prospective blinded comparison of two‐dimensional ultrasound with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kang X. , Sanchez T. Cos , Arthurs O. J. , Bevilacqua E. , Cannie M. M. , Segers V. , Lecomte S. , Sebire N. J. , Jani J. C.
Published: January 2019

Objective

To compare the diagnostic rate and accuracy of 3‐Tesla (T) postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (PM‐MRI) and postmortem ultrasound (PM‐US) in an unselected fetal population.

Methods

We performed prospectively, in a blinded manner, 3‐T PM‐MRI and PM‐US on 160 unselected fetuses at 13–41 weeks of gestation. All imaging was reported according to a prespecified template, for five anatomical regions: brain, thorax, heart, abdomen and spine. The rates of non‐diagnostic results for PM‐US and PM‐MRI were compared and, for results that were diagnostic, we calculated sensitivity, specificity and concordance rates for each anatomical region, using conventional autopsy as the reference standard.

Results

3‐T PM‐MRI performed significantly better than did PM‐US overall and in particular for fetuses ≥ 20 weeks' gestation. Specifically, the non‐diagnostic rates for PM‐MRI vs PM‐US were 4.4% vs 26.9% (7/160 vs 43/160; P < 0.001) for the brain, 5.2% vs 17.4% (8/155 vs 27/155; P < 0.001) for the thorax, 3.8% vs 30.6% (6/157 vs 48/157; P < 0.001) for the heart and 3.2% vs 23.6% (5/157 vs 37/157; P < 0.001) for the abdomen. For the spine, both techniques showed an equally low non‐diagnostic rate. When both postmortem imaging techniques were diagnostic, they had similar accuracy, with no difference in sensitivity or specificity, and similar concordance with autopsy (PM‐US, 79.5–96.5%; PM‐MRI, 81.6–99.1%).

Conclusions

PM‐MRI performed significantly better than PM‐US in this unselected population, due mainly to a lower non‐diagnostic rate. PM‐MRI should remain the first‐line imaging investigation for perinatal autopsy, but PM‐US could be considered if MRI is not available, albeit with a higher non‐diagnostic rate. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Three-parameter integrable deformation of ℤ4 permutation supercosets
Authors: Delduc F. , Hoare B. , Kameyama T. , Lacroix S. , Magro M.
Published: January 2019

Abstract

A three-parameter integrable deformation of ℤ
4 permutation supercosets is constructed. These supercosets are of the form

$$ \widehat{F}/{F}_0 $$

F
^

/

F
0

where F
0 is the bosonic diagonal subgroup of the product supergroup

$$ \widehat{F}=\widehat{G}\times \widehat{G} $$

F
^

=

G
^

×

G
^

. They include the AdS3 × S3 and AdS3 × S3 × S3 supercosets. This deformation encompasses both the bi-Yang-Baxter deformation of the semi-symmetric space σ-model on ℤ
4 permutation supercosets and the mixed flux model. Truncating the action at the bosonic level, we show that one recovers the bi-Yang-Baxter deformation of the principal chiral model plus Wess-Zumino term.
Sub-eikonal corrections to scattering amplitudes at high energy
Authors: Chirilli Giovanni Antonio
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Most of the progress in high-energy Quantum Chromodynamics has been obtained within the eikonal approximation and infinite Wilson-line operators. Evolution equations of Wilson lines with respect to the rapidity parameter encode the dynamics of the hadronic processes at high energy. However, even at high energy many interesting aspects of hadron dynamics are not accessible within the eikonal approximation, the spin physics being an obvious example. The higher precision reached by the experiments and the possibility to probe spin dynamics at future Electron Ion Colliders make the study of deviations from eikonal approximation especially timely. In this paper, I derive the sub-eikonal quark and gluon propagators which can serve as a starting point of studies of these effects.
The irreducibility of collective obligations
Authors: Tamminga Allard , Hindriks Frank
Published: January 2019

Individualists claim that collective obligations are reducible to the individual obligations of the collective’s members. Collectivists deny this. We set out to discover who is right by way of a deontic logic of collective action that models collective actions, abilities, obligations, and their interrelations. On the basis of our formal analysis, we argue that when assessing the obligations of an individual agent, we need to distinguish individual obligations from member obligations. If a collective has a collective obligation to bring about a particular state of affairs, then it might be that no individual in the collective has an individual obligation to bring about that state of affairs. What follows from a collective obligation is that each member of the collective has a member obligation to help ensure that the collective fulfills its collective obligation. In conclusion, we argue that our formal analysis supports collectivism.