bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
48‐4: Analysis of Fracture Mechanism in Sand Paper Drop Test for Cover Glass
Authors: Kanehara Kazuki , Imakita Kenji , Kobayashi Yusuke , Koike Akio
Published: May 2019

Fracture mechanism of cover glasses on mobile devices in a drop event was investigated through high speed camera observation and conventional fracture surface analysis. Drop tests were performed for various chemically strengthened glasses with different mechanical properties and stress profiles. These were dropped on sandpapers with grit size of 180. Based on the observations, we confirmed that the fracture of cover glasses in the drop tests is caused by two consecutive steps. The first one is nucleation of a crack due to the contact with the protrusions of the sandpaper, which causes a strong tensile stress localized around the protrusions. The second one is the propagation of the crack due to a stress caused by bending of the smart phone during the rebound process after the first contact with the sandpaper. According to these investigations, we established a prediction formula for the “fracture drop height” for the sandpaper drop tests. It enables us to understand key parameters to improve the fracture drop height. For example, in addition to the stress induced by chemical strengthening, the mechanical properties of the cover glass and the body of the smartphone are key factors to improve the fracture drop height. We believe the knowledge in this study is important for improving the strength of the cover glasses in the future.
57‐4: Solid State Reflective Display (SRD®) with LTPS Diode Backplane
Authors: Castillo Sergio Garcia , Feng Lu , Bachmann Tobias , Bandhu Lokeshwar , Talagrand Clement , Triggs Graham , Didewar Katrina , Broughton Ben , QiJun Yao , Bhaskaran Harish , Hosseini Peiman
Published: May 2019

A highly reflective, vividly colored, bistable, two‐state display utilizing ultrathin films of chalcogenide‐based phase‐change materials has been demonstrated. The display exhibits a unique fast thermal switching mechanism activated by electrical pulses delivered by a LTPS diode array fabricated on a commercial TFT‐LCD line with standard process steps. The display has the potential to provide a new class of colorful, low‐power, indoor and outdoor readable displays.
60‐3: Study on the Efficiency Improvement of OLED TVs with High Transmittance Technology of the Polarizer
Authors: Hwang Seong Han , Kang You Jeong , Kim Young Wook , Noh Hyun-Jong , Ko Tae-Woon , Roh Su-Dong , Choi Sang-Ho , Lim Chung-Sun , Shin Young-Hoon , Kim Jin-Mog , Oh Chang-Ho , Jun Mike , Kang In-Byoung
Published: May 2019

We have studied the efficiency improvement of OLED TVs using high transmittance technology and reversed quarter wave plate (r‐QWP) of the improved polarizer. It helped that the efficiency of OLED went up, so that power consumption and life time of OLED panels have been improved. In this paper, study on the efficiency improvement of OLED TV using new high transmittance polarizer will be presented.
61‐4: LER Constrained Primary Color Optimization for an Ultra‐Wide Gamut Display
Authors: Song Hongya , Li Haifeng , Liu Xu
Published: May 2019

This paper introduces a method for an extremely wide display gamut optimization for different primary numbers. Considering luminance efficacy of radiation (LER), the method can be used in primitive color design for a practical display, especially in multi‐primary ultra‐wide gamut displays such as QD‐LED or laser display.
62‐4: Late‐News Paper: Evaluation of polycrystalline silicon after Excimer laser annealing by Retardation measurement method
Authors: Choi Nakcho , Kim Eungtaek , Nam Kie Hyun , Kim Deokhoi , Choi Beohm Rock
Published: May 2019

The excimer laser annealing (ELA) process is one of the important processes in Low Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon (LTPS) and the optimization of laser intensity and scan pitch in ELA process are the key technology to make good performance in OLED panel. However, the visual inspection through human eye has been used to find the Optimum ELA energy density (OPED) because of the fast inspection speed and accuracy. As the size of glass in LTPS is increasing, the need of a new inspection method has been raised. So the measurement of retardation which has been used in liquid crystals’ cell gap measuring was applied to evaluate the degree of crystallization in polycrystalline silicon(p‐Si) made from the ELA process for the first time. The origin of the retardation is estimated as a Laser‐induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS).
71‐4: Distinguished Paper: OLED Display Incorporating Organic Image Sensor
Authors: Kamada Taisuke , Hatsumi Ryo , Watanabe Kazunori , Kawashima Susumu , Katayama Masahiro , Adachi Hiroki , Ishitani Tetsuji , Kusunoki Koji , Kubota Daisuke , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: May 2019

We have developed a display that incorporates an organic image sensor formed in the same pixel as OLEDs through side‐by‐side patterning. The potential applications of this display include touch sensing, scanning, and fingerprint identification at any location on the entire display screen, without the necessity of an external module.
76‐1: Invited Paper: FMM Material and Manufacturing Process for UHD Resolution AMOLED Displays
Authors: Kim Chiwoo , Kim Kisoo , Park Jong Kab , Kim Doh Hoon , Jung Kiro
Published: May 2019

Manufacturing fine metal mask (FMM) is one of the biggest hurdles to realize UHD grade AMOLED displays for smartphone and virtual reality (VR). We have developed the state‐of‐the‐art material and processing technology to achieve 800ppi or higher resolution FMMs. The Invar thinning and the thermal damage‐free laser ablation process realized us achieving the FMM for UHD displays.
78‐3: The Optimized Condition for Display Sparkle Contrast Measurement of Anti‐Glare Cover Glass based on the Solid Understandings
Authors: Isshiki Masanobu , Inouye Aichi , Tamada Minoru , Kobayashi Yusuke
Published: May 2019

Sparkle contrast strongly depends on the measurement conditions, such as Working Distance (WD), F# setting of lens, filtering method of removing the display pixel components, etc. However, there is no established understanding how and why the sparkle contrast depends on the measurement conditions. We have succeeded to explain the dependence clearly from the view point of spatial frequency range limited by Aperture Angle (AA), camera sampling property, filtering property, and the angular distribution of the AG scattering property. We also showed the ranking of sparkle contrast could be inversed in some conditions, and we found that AA should be set to 0.35 degree or less to evaluate the sparkle level which we observed by human‐eye.
82‐2: Invited Paper: Roll‐to‐Roll Processing of Polysilicon TFTs on Flexible Large Area Stainless Steel Substrates
Authors: Chandra Aditi , Kamath Arvind , Bruner Scott , Beck Patricia , Fischer Peter
Published: May 2019

Roll‐to‐roll (R2R) production of polysilicon CMOS TFTs on steel substrates for electronic devices allows for low‐cost and high‐volume manufacturing, enabling the Internet of Things (IOT). R2R process capabilities are demonstrated along with key equipment considerations and de‐risking approaches for scaling from a sheet‐based to roll‐based process.
P‐6: Development of 1HZ 17.3‐inch Oxide UD HADS Display
Authors: Chang Yin Shi , Zhi Jin Xing , Hao Piao Zheng , Zhu Jin Xiang , Zhong Jin , Yuan Jian Feng , Zhi Zhang , Yu Zhang Da
Published: May 2019

Because of the unique property of the low leakage current of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs), the panel can be driven in low frame rate to achieve low power consumption. We have demonstrated low frame rate driving of a prototype of 17.3 inch UD LCD with aIGZO backplane technology. And the panel shows good picture quality even in very low frame rate driving (1Hz) condition. In addition, the key technologies of 1Hz operation have been studied in this work.
P‐19: IGZO Thin‐Film Transistors on Corrugated Substrate for High‐Resolution Display
Authors: Seo Taewon , Park Seongmin , Chung Yoonyoung
Published: May 2019

In this study, high‐performance InGaZnO (IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated on a corrugated substrate. This substrate structure increases an effective width and generates higher drain current compared to the conventional planar TFTs in the same footprint. We verified this concept with simulation study and experimental results.
P‐195: Late‐News Poster: Switch Array Type Gate Drive Circuit Using A‐IGZO TFT for Stretchable Display
Authors: Kang In Hye , Hwang Sang Ho , Baek Yeong Jo , Bae Byung Seong
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we proposed the gate driver circuit with a‐IGZO TFTs for stretchable display. In addition, a proposed circuit used only two a‐IGZO TFTs and it did not have the floating node. Developed circuit shows the stable output signal even if the characteristics of the TFT were changed under the strain.
P‐198: Late‐News Poster: Off‐Current Reduction in p‐Type SnO Thin‐Film Transistors through Fermi‐Level Unpinning
Authors: Kim Taikyu , Kim Jeong-Kyu , Xu Hongwei , Yim Sungyeon , Jeong Jae Kyeong
Published: May 2019

High off‐current in p‐type SnO thin‐film transistors (TFTs) limits the application to active matrix devices for next generation display industry. Here, we propose a new approach to suppress the off‐current using metal‐interlayer‐semiconductor (MIS) contact structure. The MIS contact structure makes Fermi‐level pinning (FLP) alleviated through an ultrathin interlayer (IL) which prevents metal‐induced gap states (MIGSs), the origin of severe FLP, and thereby Schottky barrier height (SBH) can be modulated. With the electron SBH (eSBH) increasing, the electron injection from drain electrode into the SnO channel is suppressed, which results in the reduction of the off‐current from 5.1 × 10‐8 A to 2.4 × 10‐9 A and the enhancement of the ION/OFF from 2.7 × 102 to 2.8 × 103 compared with the conventional metal‐semiconductor (MS) contacted TFTs. This work shows not only the enhancement in device performance but also a new perspective on the origin of off‐current in the p‐type SnO TFTs.
P‐43: A Head‐Up Display with Time‐Division Multiplexing Parallax Barrier with Magnified Virtual Image Generation
Authors: Hayashishita Ayuki , Kakeya Hideki , Matsumoto Takuya , Kusafuka Kaoru
Published: May 2019

We propose a high resolution 3D head‐up display with time‐division multiplexing parallax barrier and concave mirrors to generate a virtual image. In this system the magnified barrier pitch is larger than that of the interleaved image, which causes displacement of slits. This problem is overcome by shifting the slits inward periodically.
P‐52: Novel LED Boost Architecture Enables Higher Efficiency and Thinner Display Panels
Authors: Ngai Jason
Published: May 2019

The light‐emitting diode (LED) backlight has been the biggest energy consumer in liquid crystal display (LCD) panels. As screen resolution and luminance requirements increase, the energy consumed by the LED backlight increases as well. Efficiency performance is limited with existing conventional LED boost drivers on the market, and a new type of LED boost driver architecture is needed for an efficiency performance breakthrough. This paper discusses a new LED boost architecture with breakthrough performance and its advantage over conventional LED boost drivers.
P‐73: High‐Resolution Color Patterning of an OLED Device via Capillary‐Induced Ink Filling and a Sublimation Transfer Process
Authors: Cho Kwan Hyun , Jeong Yong-Cheol , Lee Ho-Nyun , Cho Han Chul , Park Young Min , Lee Sang-Ho , Kang Kyung-Tae
Published: May 2019

We studied capillary‐induced ink transfer technology in order to achieve a breakthrough in relation to the fabrication of a high‐resolution color patterning for OLED display. In this approach, the selective surface treatment of a donor substrate, capillary‐induced ink filling, and a solidified ink sublimation transfer technique are important processes. We investigated the characteristics of ink as it was filled into microchannels and the sublimation transfer characteristics of EML films in accordance with the volume fraction of 1,2‐dichlorobenznene (oDCB) (oDCB/T) and the spin speeds. Through a selective surface treatment, red EML ink was successfully deposited into the microchannels using a conventional spin‐coating process. With the optimized ink filling properties and the sublimation transfer process, we fabricated phosphorescent OLED devices with striped EML patterns. Finally, we demonstrated that a red EML layer can be patterned with a width of 14 µm and pitch of 36.1 µm (700 ppi).
P‐77: An RGB Laser Meter for Ultra Short Throw Laser Projectors and Televisions
Authors: Hieda Keisuke , Maruyama Tomoyuki , Narusawa Fumio
Published: May 2019

An Accurate optical evaluation of ultra short throw RGB laser projectors and televisions is vitally important Since conventional color illuminance meters are unfit for laser light sources, an RGB laser meter TM6102 has been newly developed to allow accurate laser measurement by using a new measurement principle.
P‐87: Time‐Multiplexing Parallax Barrier with Fractional Time Division
Authors: Watanabe Yuta , Hayashishita Ayuki , Kakeya Hideki
Published: May 2019

This paper proposes an autostereoscopic display based on time‐multiplexing parallax barrier with fractional numbers of time‐division. We analyze the effect of fractional time‐division to find the conditions where flickers do not stand out even when the number of time‐division is fractional.
P‐88: Waveguide Ghost Image Elimination Method for Light Field AR system Applied in Finite Distance
Authors: Lo Yi-Chien , Chien Hung-Ta , Lo Hsin-Hsiang , Chang Chuan-Chung , Chuang Fu-Ming
Published: May 2019

Light field augmented reality glasses projects virtual image at several finite distances could support virtual‐physical interactive capability without suffering from vergence‐accommodation‐conflict issue. Waveguide conjugated with AR projection optics is designed for virtual image projecting in infinite distance. As the light field optics works together with waveguide working in finite distance, it causes blurring image. In this paper, a novel design of waveguide light field AR optics working in finite distance which could eliminate ghost image is proposed.
P‐96: Photoluminescence Quantum‐Dot Microstructure Array for LCD Backlights
Authors: Chen Enguo , Cai Jing , Cui Zhengxing , Ye Yun , Xu Sheng , Yu Jinhui , Xie Hongxing , Yan Qun Frank , Guo Tailiang
Published: May 2019

We report a backlight module employing a photoluminescence quantum‐dot microstructure array (QMA) fabricated by screen printing technology for liquid crystal displays (LCDs). A 27‐inch prototype shows a color gamut of 122.79% NTSC while achieving the brightness/uniformity over 4000 cd/m2 and 85.21%. The packaging approach of QMA is also preliminarily explored.
P‐122: High Quantum Yield Green and Red CdSe/CdS Dot‐in‐Rods and Their Electroluminescent Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhou Ziming , Liu Haochen , Hao Junjie , Wang Kai , Teo Kie Leong , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: May 2019

We successfully synthesized CdSe/CdS dot‐in‐rods (DiRs) with a high quantum yield (QY, 70% and 65% for green and red). And these DiRs were further utilized to fabricate DiRs electroluminescent (EL) light emitting diodes (LEDs), as the first‐time report for green LED and record‐high performance for red LED. This kind of DiRs can be utilized for high efficiency and color gamut display technologies.
P‐153: Improved Flexoelectric Coefficient Measurement by Means of Transmission Ellipsometry
Authors: Kimura Munehiro , Onishi Takashi , Sawara Ryosuke
Published: May 2019

Improved method in measuring the sum and difference of two flexoelectric coefficient e11 and e33 by means of transmission ellipsometry was devised. Planar alignment region and hybrid alignment region are fabricated in one cell of nematic liquid crystal, so as to be firstly determined the cell gap and then be estimated e11+e33 Accuracy was improved by measuring e11−e33 with using the same sample cell.
P‐160: Analysis on the Edge Mura Under Low Gray Level and Improvement in LCDs
Authors: Hsiao Ken , Cui Kuan , Xiao Lang , Lv Cheng-Ling , Zhang Pang-Ling , Li Xiao-Hua
Published: May 2019

The edge mura under low gray level in LCD panel edge can be reduced by decreasing the height difference of main photo spacer (PS) in active area and dummy PS in dummy area. By simulation and experiment, a factor H is proposed to evaluate and predict the edge mura.
P‐180: Photoinitiator‐Free UV‐Curing Systems for OLED Applications
Authors: Aldred Matthew P.
Published: May 2019

We describe the UV‐curing of an emissive material for solution processable organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) applications without the use of photo‐initiator chemicals. Initiator‐free polymerisation, fast photo‐crosslinking process conditions, using low‐power UV‐light, and with good solvent resistance of the final crosslinked thin‐film, have been demonstrated.
P‐184: Boron Derivatives as Deep Blue Fluorescent Materials for High Efficiency and Long Lifetime
Authors: Lee Kyung Hyung , Lee Jun Yeob , Oh Hyung Yoon
Published: May 2019

Deep blue fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes were developed using boron derived 5,9‐diphenyl‐5H,9H‐[1,4]benzazaborino[2,3,4‐kl]phenazaborine (DABNA) and 2,12‐di‐tert‐butyl‐5,9‐bis(4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl)‐5,9‐dihydro‐5,9‐diaza‐13b‐boranaphtho[3,2,1‐de]anthracene (t‐DABNA) as fluorescent emitters rather than thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters for long lifetime. The DABNA and t‐DABNA boron emitters were doped in a 9,10‐bis (1‐naphtyl) anthracene (α‐ADN) host to harvest singlet excitons only and stabilize triplet excitons for long periods. The t‐DABNA emitter exhibits a high external quantum efficiency of 7.8% as a blue fluorescent emitter. The lifetime of the boron derived emitters was much longer than a blue emitter derived from pyrene. This work demonstrated the effectiveness of the boron derived emitters as deep blue fluorescent emitters.
Stainless steel coated by Cu NPs via dopamine coupling for antifouling application
Authors: Cao Pan , Cao Zhimin , Yuan Chengqing
Published: May 2019

Biofouling is very harmful in diverse industries. Copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) possess excellent antifouling performances. In this study, in situ generation of Cu NPs on dopamine modified 304 stainless steel (SS) surface layer‐by‐layer in weak alkaline solution was reported. Field emission scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer, atomic force microscope, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were utilized to analyze the surface morphology and chemical composition of the modified SS. The results demonstrated that the surface of SS was coated with polydopamine (PDA) and Cu NPs successfully. The robustness assay of the Cu NPs surface demonstrated that most Cu NPs had bound on the surface of the stainless steel firmly. Antimicrobial assays showed that modified surface possessed the ability of resistance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to an effectiveness of 92.1% and 80.4%, respectively. The presence of copper offers the coatings' excellent capability to inhibit effectively the adhesion of marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to an effectiveness of 98.15%. This strategy exhibited a realistic paradigm for further improving the antifouling performances of hull surfaces.
Atomic‐Layer‐Deposited Amorphous MoS2 for Durable and Flexible Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Song Ming , Tan Hua , Li Xianglin , Tok Alfred Iing Yoong , Liang Pei , Chao Dongliang , Fan Hong Jin
Published: May 2019

Li–O2 batteries (LOB) potentially have the highest specific capacity among all types of metal‐ion batteries but suffer severely from cycle instability and low energy efficiency. In this work, an integrated cathode is fabricated that contains an amorphous MoS2 thin layer deposited on a 3D conductive carbon scaffold to improve the energy efficiency to ≈83% and cycle life up to 190 cycles. An advanced pressure‐tuned stop‐flow atomic layer deposition (ALD) method is employed to deposit a ≈5 nm thick amorphous MoS2 layer on carbon nanotube forest‐covered graphite foam. It is established that this integrated 3D cathode exhibits high catalytic activity for both oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. The benefit of the ALD MoS2 in lowering the energy barrier is also supported by first‐principles calculations. Finally, quasi‐solid state flexible LOBs are also assembled that can be stably discharged up to 6 d. This new and rational design of cathode may provide a new direction for achieving high‐performance flexible Li–O2 batteries.
Threat intelligence platform for the energy sector
Authors: Leszczyna Rafał , Wróbel Michał R.
Published: May 2019

In recent years, critical infrastructures and power systems in particular have been subjected to sophisticated cyberthreats, including targeted attacks and advanced persistent threats. A promising response to this challenging situation is building up enhanced threat intelligence (TI) that interlinks information sharing and fine‐grained situation awareness. In this paper, a framework that integrates all levels of TI, ie, strategic, tactical, operational, and technical, is presented. The platform implements the centralized model of information exchange with peer‐to‐peer interactions between partners as an option. Several supportive solutions were introduced, including anonymity mechanisms or data processing and correlation algorithms. A data model that enables communication of cyberincident information, both in natural language and machine‐readable formats, was defined. Similarly, security requirements for critical components were devised. A pilot implementation of the platform was developed and deployed in the operational environment, which enabled practical evaluation of the design. Also, the security of the anonymity architecture was analyzed.
Tensor network analysis of critical coupling in two dimensional ϕ4 theory
Authors: Kadoh Daisuke , Kuramashi Yoshinobu , Nakamura Yoshifumi , Sakai Ryo , Takeda Shinji , Yoshimura Yusuke
Published: May 2019

Abstract

We make a detailed analysis of the spontaneous Z
2-symmetry breaking in the two dimensional real ϕ
4 theory with the tensor renormalization group approach, which allows us to take the thermodynamic limit easily and determine the physical observables without statistical uncertainties. We determine the critical coupling in the continuum limit employing the tensor network formulation for scalar field theories proposed in our previous paper. We obtain [λ/μ
c
2
]cont. = 10.913(56) with the quartic coupling λ and the renormalized critical mass μ

c
. The result is compared with previous results obtained by different approaches.
Corporate Philanthropy as a Context for Moral Agency, a MacIntyrean Enquiry
Authors: Nicholson Helen , Beadle Ron , Slack Richard
Published: May 2019

It has been claimed that ‘virtuous structures’ can foster moral agency in organisations. We investigate this in the context of employee involvement in corporate philanthropy, an activity whose moral status has been disputed. Employing Alasdair MacIntyre’s account of moral agency, we analyse the results of eight focus groups with employees engaged in corporate philanthropy in an employee-owned retailer, the John Lewis Partnership. Within this organisational context, Employee–Partners’ moral agency was evidenced in narrative accounts of their engagement in philanthropic activities and in their disputes about the moral status of corporate philanthropy.
Acoustic Emission During Austenite → ε Martensitic Phase Transformation in TWIP/TRIP Steels
Authors: Bolgár M. K. , Nagy E. , Daróczi L. , Benke M. , Mertinger V. , Beke D. L.
Published: May 2019

Acoustic emission in two different TWIP/TRIP steels during thermally induced γ–ε martensitic phase transformation was investigated. Large asymmetry was observed: the noise activity was considerably larger for heating than cooling. This was explained by the plastic deformation and strain-induced martensite nucleation (which usually provides much lower acoustic emission signals) in the austenite during cooling. The amplitude and energy probability distribution functions for heating followed the power-law behavior, and the critical exponents were counted as well. The amplitude and energy exponents (α and ε, respectively) for the two different samples were the same within the errors (α = 2.4 ± 0.2, ε = 1.7 ± 0.1), indicating the universal character. The acoustic activity vs martensite volume faction showed a maximum at around 60 pct for heating, which is most probably related to the coming apart of the elastic fields of the martensite variants.
On the Significance of the Identity Debate in DBS and the Need of an Inclusive Research Agenda. A Reply to Gilbert, Viana and Ineichen
Authors: Snoek Anke , de Haan Sanneke , Schermer Maartje , Horstkötter Dorothee
Published: May 2019

Gilbert et al. (Neuroethics, 2018) argue that the concerns about the influence of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) on – as they lump together – personality, identity, agency, autonomy, authenticity and the self (PIAAAS) are due to an ethics hype. They argue that there is only a small empirical base for an extended ethics debate. We will critically examine their claims and argue that Gilbert and colleagues do not show that the identity debate in DBS is a bubble, they in fact give very little evidence for that. Rather they show the challenges of doing research in a field that is stretched out over multiple disciplines. In that sense their paper is an important starting point for a discussion on methodology and offers valuable lessons for a future research agenda.
Psychosomatics
Authors: Stonehill Edward
Published: May 2019

The scope of psychosomatics would appear to be almost limitless, thus presenting a daunting task of selection. Psychosomatic medicine was dominated from about 1930 to the mid 1950's by psychoanalytic concepts. Indeed, the whole field appeared as an offshoot of psychoanalysis, which many people would now regard as a distorted view. During this period the area was most strongly influenced by the writings of Franz Alexander and Flanders Dunbar. Alexander put forward his specificity theory in which he postulated a causal link between a specific constellation of unconscious conflicts, of psychological modes of dealing with them and of their emotional and physiological correlations, on the one hand, and the development of one of several organic diseases, on the other hand. Psychosomatic Medicine: Its Principles and Applications (Alexander, 1952) and Emotions and Bodily Change (Dunbar, 1946) are recommended reading.
Pituitary Function and Psychosis: Cause Or Effect?
Authors: Donovan B. T.
Published: May 2019

The changes in pituitary gland function in mental illness are under intensive study. This is because the regulation of pituitary function by the brain involves monoamine neurotransmitters, and changes in hormonal secretion may thus reflect general fluctuations in monoamine activity in the brain. Characteristic patterns of change of diagnostic and therapeutic significance may also emerge. Thus, adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion and adrenal corticosteroid activity are enhanced in depression, largely through the occurrence of additional secretory spikes of ACTH and the lack during the late evening or early morning of the normal fall in Cortisol secretion. Dexamethasone is less able to inhibit ACTH secretion in depression, while a fall in plasma glucose may less readily induce growth hormone secretion (Ettigi and Brown, 1977; Gruen, 1978). Nevertheless, there is no assurance that a monoamine neurotransmitter system concerned with pituitary function is affected in the same way as one influencing psychic outlook.
Hezekiah's Reform and the Deuteronomistic Tradition
Authors: Rosenbaum Jonathan
Published: May 2019

The historical reconstruction of biblical events represents a difficult and often speculative task, which is well demonstrated by the various scholarly attempts to understand the reform of Hezekiah and to establish defensible conclusions concerning its historicity. A wide range of scholarly opinion has grown out of fundamental disagreements concerning the accuracy and intent of the two biblical sources which describe Hezekiah's reform. The Deuteronomistic book of 2 Kings and the priestly-oriented later work of 2 Chronicles diverge mightily in their handling of Hezekiah's whole reign and especially the reform. In the early years of critical inquiry, the historicity of pre-Exilic events exclusively reported by the Chronicler was entirely dismissed in most circles. The description of Hezekiah's reform in the Book of Kings was dubbed “a mixture of the general and specific that does not inspire much confidence.” Consequently, it became fashionable to dismiss Hezekiah's religious changes as anachronisms inserted by later writers to parallel the reform of Josiah.
On the Term Phylacteries (Matt 23:5)
Authors: Tigay Jeffrey H.
Published: May 2019

Although it is widely agreed that the phylacteries mentioned in Matt 23:5 aretĕfîllîn, this equation has not gone entirely unquestioned. L. Blau stated that only the wordstěfîllâ(singular) andtĕfîllîn(plural) are used in Talmudic literature, and that conclusions based on the word phylacteries are without foundation, “since this name was not used in truly Jewish circles.” G. G. Fox argued that since Greek phylaktēria refers to charms or amulets, and since for the Pharisee thetĕfîllînwere truly spiritual symbols rather than magical amulets, Matthew's use of the term must be a misrepresentation, probably intentional, expressing his contempt fortĕfîllîn.
Ecstasy and Possession: The Attraction of Women to the Cult of Dionysus
Authors: Kraemer Ross S.
Published: May 2019

Among the cults of classical antiquity, the worship of the Greek god Dionysus is one of the most intriguing, ranging in form from rural agricultural festivals in Greece and Asia Minor to complex mystery rites established throughout the Roman Empire. While various aspects of Dionysiac religion have received detailed scholarly treatment, existing studies have paid surprisingly little attention to the extent to which women appear to predominate in the cult as it may be reconstructed from the available sources. The frequent references to the involvement of women in the mythographers and historiographers have usually been explained away in modern scholarship by unsubstantiated appeals to the “emotional” needs of women, and by the association with fertility themes and fertility magic which are considered more appropriate to women than to men.
Augustine on the Unity and the Interconnection of the Virtues
Authors: Langan John P.
Published: May 2019

The claim that all the virtues are somehow one is advanced in different ways by Socrates and Plato, by Plotinus and Augustine, and by Aquinas. The doctrine of the unity and the interconnection of the virtues is thus common to a number of major thinkers in both ancient and medieval philosophy. But it has hardly been a fashionable view in recent philosophy, and it is apt to seem paradoxical. The purpose of this essay is to indicate the structure of the doctrine as Augustine expounds it and to indicate its relevance to clarifying and making plausible certain other ethical doctrines in Augustine's thought.
An Early Medieval Tract on the Diaconate
Authors: Reynolds Roger E.
Published: May 2019

“The Decline of the Diaconate” was a title given by T. G. Jalland to the addendum to his well-known article, “The Doctrine of the Parity of Ministers.” In this addendum Jalland showed that in the late patristic Church, at the very time when the presbyter's office was being equated with that of the episcopate, the deacon's office was being minimized. In the ante-Nicene Church the deacon had basked in the reflected glory of the bishop and had wielded administrative and consultative powers great enough to make any presbyter envious, but by the fourth century this prestige and power had begun to slip.
Conversion Psychology in John Donne's Good Friday Poem
Authors: Sherwood Terry G.
Published: May 2019

John Donne's “Good Friday, 1613. Riding Westward” is justly regarded as one of the finest devotional poems of the English Renaissance period. It is likewise significant for what it reveals about the theology of a major English poet and divine and, more broadly, for what it reveals about the spiritual psychology of his time. The personal nature of the poem, which was written during the troubled years before his ordination in 1615, underscores the force of its ideas for Donne. At the thematic center of the poem is a necessary connection between Godgiven corrective affliction and the sinful soul's turning to God.
The Grenvilles' Eminence Grise: The Reverend Charles O'Conor and the Latter Days of Anglo-Gallicanism
Authors: Sack James J.
Published: May 2019

The nadir of the Tridentine papacy occupied those years which spanned the dissolution of the Jesuit order in 1773 and the imprisonment of Pius VII by Napoleon from 1809 to 1814. The suspension of the Church's most distinguished organ of Ultramontane sentiment alleviated the further spread of Febronian or Josephist principles throughout the Netherlands and the German and even Italian sections of the Empire. Yet, Pius VI's concern with the Punctuation of Ems or the Synod of Pistoia paled in comparison with the challenge to spiritual and temporal papal authority contained in the Civil Constitution of the Clergy and other doctrines and consequences of the French Revolution.
The Irish railway strike of 1920: industrial action and civil resistance in the struggle for independence
Authors: Townshend Charles
Published: May 2019

There must still be room for argument over whether Ireland's ‘war of independence’ was a spontaneous movement of the mass of the people, as Republicans hold, or whether, as the British government liked to suggest, it was essentially the work of a handful of fanatical terrorists. In attempting to resolve this argument, considerable weight must be placed on instances of what would now be called civil resistance—where the government is opposed by ordinary members of the public. Foremost amongst these are politically-motivated industrial actions. It is a curious feature of Irish historiography that very little attention has in fact been paid to the industrial actions which occurred during the Anglo-Irish conflict of 1916-1921, most notably the embargo on the transportation of government forces and munitions implemented by Irish railway workers between May and December 1920.
High-kings, Vikings and other kings
Authors: Corráin Donnchadh Ó
Published: May 2019

The thesis defended in this contribution to Viking studies in the British Isles is simple and straightforward. It is argued that the Viking warrior Ragnarr Loðbrók was an historical personage. Tradition associates him with the area about the Kattegat and in particular with south Norway and Zealand where Ragnarr and his sons were the leaders of a large force of vikings. These were sea-kings rather than rulers of territories. Ragnarr flourished in the first half of the ninth century and died some time after 851. Amongst his many sons, three were famous: Ívarr inn beinlausi, Hálfdan and Ubbe. Ragnarr was the leader (or one of the leaders) of the Danish attack on the Irish Vikings, probably Norwegians, in 851 and his son Ívarr established himself as king of Dublin which he ruled jointly from 853 with one Óláfr, identical with the Vestfold king, Óláfr Geirstaðaálfr, who after years of campaigning in Ireland with Ívarr returned to Norway in or about 871.
The Need for a Constitution in the United Kingdom
Authors: Wilberforce
Published: May 2019

I was not surprised when, from several alternative subjects, you chose, as the title of my Lecture, the need for a Constitution in Britain. Those of us without a written constitution are indeed, a select club—New Zealand, Israel, the United Kingdom.

I will start with a quotation from Lord Salmon. In a recent lecture, he said:

In this country [U.K.] we have an unwritten constitution. I have always regarded this as a blessing and never agreed with the theoretical objections to it. It is superbly flexible and above all it has stood the test of time. It works—and works admirably. But I am beginning to wonder whether it might not be wise to evolve, not an elaborate written constitution but perhaps the equivalent of a modern Bill of Rights. A statute which should lay down our basic freedoms, provide for their preservation and enact that it could not be repealed save by, say, a 75% majority of both Houses of Parliament.

One can recognize in this passage the views of an eminent common lawyer, believing in the strength and potentialities of the common law as a flexible instrument, in, of course, the right hands: of one who believes deeply in human freedom, and who is concerned about the threat to it: who desires an explicit definition of the basic liberties and who believes that these can be protected by a sufficiently strong, entrenched, legal system. In this he undoubtedly reflects the views of many people, probably of the majority of ordinary men.
On the Bioethics of Jewish Law: The Case of Karen Quinlan
Authors: Weisbard Alan J.
Published: May 2019

It has been widely remarked, in both the popular press and the scholarly literature, that rapid technological advances in the biomedical sciences may have outpaced society's ability to consider and cope with all their implications. In short, that technology is out of control. A particularly poignant example of the quandaries wrought by modern technology has been the plight of Karen Quinlan and her family. Pronounced by her doctors to be in a “persistent vegetative state”, with permanent loss of all cognitive function, Karen was seemingly sustained only by her connection to a mechanical respirator. Following a lengthy vigil and with the blessing of their church, the Quinlan family requested that the respirator be disconnected. The doctors refused, stating that such an action would be contrary to accepted medical practice. The Quinlans responded with a legal action for declaratory and other relief, the practical effect of which would be the termination of use of the respirator. After failing in the lower court, In the Matter of Karen Quinlan, 137 N.J. Super. 227, 348 A.2d 801 (1975), the Quinlans were successful in the New Jersey Supreme Court, 70 N.J. 10, 355 A.2d 651 (1976). Shortly thereafter, the Quinlans directed that the respirator be removed; much to their surprise (and undoubtedly that of the Court), Karen proved able to breathe unassisted. With antibiotic treatment and intravenous feeding, but without the respirator, Karen has survived since June of 1976 in a New Jersey nursing home. There is no indication that she has regained cognitive function.

While widely perceived as concerning “the right to die with dignity”, the Quinlan situation in fact raises a great many issues central to the interaction of law, morals, and modern technology and provides a convenient focus for discussion of these issues.
Islam as a Source of Law in the Druze Religious Courts
Authors: Layish Aharon
Published: May 2019

The Druzes have never been recognised as a religious community under Muslim rule. During the Ottoman period such recognition was only granted to the members of the tolerated religions — Christians and Jews — within the institutionalised framework of themilletsystem. The Druze religion, though originating from the Ismā'īliyya, an extreme branch of the Shī'a, seceded completely from Islam and has, therefore, experienced periods of persecution by the latter. The Druzes were theoretically amenable to thesharī'acourts in matters of personal status and succession, yet not as Muslims (as is usually assumed owing to the custom oftaqiyya, simulation, prevailing among them) but as persons not belonging to a recognised religion. At the same time, they seem in practice to have enjoyed a certain autonomy in these matters under their own religious and customary law. There is documentary evidence of this for the Lebanese Druzes, of the late 19th and early 20th century, but this autonomy should not be construed as the status of a recognised religious community.

All attempts of the Druzes to achieve such a status in the era of British rule in Palestine were unsuccessful. They were not included in the list of recognised communities in the Palestine Order-in-Council, 1922–1947, nor the Succession Ordinance, 1923, probably due to a desire of the British Mandate to maintain thestatus quoin religious matters with only such modifications as the new political situation required. At the same time, the Government recognised Druze autonomy in matters of marriage, while other matters of personal status, and those of succession, were referred to district courts, since the Order-in-Council restricted the personal jurisdiction of thesharī'acourts to Muslim litigants.
Torts Liability for Strike Action and Third Party Rights
Authors: Raday Frances
Published: May 2019

Israel's Civil Wrongs Ordinance, and the statutory immunity provided in it from liability in torts for strike action, was enacted at a time when the strike was regardedsimpliciteras a “sacred tradition” and when no distinction had yet been drawn by statute or the courts between legitimate and illegitimate strikes. Since that time there has been an evolution of restrictions on the liberty to strike both in statutory provisions and in judicial doctrine.

In the public services, by statutory provision, all strikes which are not authorised by the statutorily designated trade union and nearly all strikes during the duration of a collective agreement are now considered to be “unprotected strikes”. Unprotected strikes are divested of the statutory immunities generally bestowed upon strikers or strike organisers for breach of their employment contract or for causing breach of contract; however, under the statutory provisions only the primary employer may sue. By judicial doctrine, formulated in the National Labour Court, strikes which are held for the purpose of enforcing legal rights rather than for the fixing of economic rights are not a legitimate exercise of the liberty to strike.
Banker's Liability in the Bank Deposit Relationship
Authors: Ben-Oliel R.
Published: May 2019

This article is a section of a doctoral thesis recently presented on “The Juridical Nature of the Bank-Depositor Relationship”. Its object was to determine the legal nature of general deposits of money in a bank account.

After discussing the various explanations in the context of some of the main Civil law systems (those of France, Italy, Spain and Portugal) the Common Law systems (England, U.S.A.) and under Israeli law, the author reached the conclusion that a bank deposit is not a deposit stricto sensu, being neither an irregular deposit nor a loan, nor even a combination of both, but rather a contract sui generis. In his opinion, the depositor, having placed his money in the bank still retains ownership of the fund: the bank acquires possession and may dispose of the customer's money, thus showing part ownership. In other words, a deposit in a bank implies a contractual fragmentation of the depositor's ownership between the customer and the bank. As a result thereof both parties maintain converging real rights in the fund, thus giving rise to a peculiar real relationship.
An Enquiry into the Political Relations Between Rome and Judaea from 161 to 4 B.C.E.
Authors: Piattelli Daniela
Published: May 2019

Historians have often directed their attention towards Judaea when delving into the legal organization of the Roman provinces and in particular into the policy which Rome adopted towards them.

The works of Flavius Josephus, the only ones which have come to us from amongst the many other contemporary works of varying political outlook, were for a long time the historians' chief source.

Jurists, on the other hand, have not really exploited this source despite its great importance. Indeed, for many of them the numerous doubts raised as to the authenticity of the official documentation present a serious obstacle, although it is this very characteristic that could be of the greatest help in making an historical reconstruction which would also be valid at the legal level.

Now however, the recent discoveries in the Dead Sea have brought to light new material of undoubted authenticity. This material sheds light on what was one of the most troubled Roman provinces for both the historian and the jurists.
American Administrative Law—A Synoptic Survey
Authors: Schwartz Bernard
Published: May 2019

Like the ancient geographical area, American administrative law is also divided into three parts. In the American, as in the British conception, administrative law is concerned with powers and remedies and answers the following questions: (1) What powers may be vested in administrative agencies? (2) What are the limits of those powers? (3) What are the ways in which agencies are kept within those limits?

In answering these questions American administrative law deals with the delegation of powers to administrative agencies; the manner in which those powers must be exercised (emphasizing almost exclusively the procedural requirements imposed on agencies); and judicial review of administrative action. These form the three basic divisions of American administrative law: (1) delegation of powers, (2) administrative procedure, and (3) judicial review. This article will seek to present a synoptic survey of these three subjects. Its aim is to present an overview of American administrative law to the Israeli jurist, enabling him to understand the essentials of a system that is, at the same time, so similar to and so different from his own.
Current Trends in Penal Philosophy
Authors: Wolfgang Marvin E.
Published: May 2019

I am grateful to be here as a Lady Davis Visiting Professor on my fourth trip to Israel. I feel very much at home because of the warmth and hospitality of my colleagues and friends. Moreover, the University of Pennsylvania has an Israel-Penn exchange programme which we hope to expand, and I know that the new dean of our law school, Dean Freedman, will have more conversations with Dean Klein. Thank you for having me and for affording me new opportunities to augment my experiences in Israel.

I hope to help promote the role of criminology here at Hebrew University, especially the relationship between research in behavioural science and the law as well as social policy. I have just returned from a one-week trip to the States under the auspices of the National Academy of Sciences to discuss a new report of a Panel on Rehabilitation, which represents some of this admixture of science, ethics and law to which I refer.

I wish to share with you some thoughts about Western society's changing penal philosophy, with particular emphasis on the shift from rehabilitation to retribution. Some of what I discuss is rooted in empirical science; some is my personal perspective. There should be little difficulty discerning the differences. For many years of my professional life I adhered to William Graham Summer's dictum—Yale University's early 20th century sociologist—that the purpose of sociology is to describe, not prescribe.