bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Commercial Real Estate Rental Variation in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Abdulmalik Fatimah Binta , Udoekanem Namnso Bassey
Published: September 2022

The goal of any real estate investor is to maximize return. This can be achieved through the generation of rental income. Thus, it is pertinent that the nature and characteristics of rental value are understood by investors to enhance real estate market penetration. This study examined commercial real estate rental variation in Ilorin, Nigeria, with specific focus on commercial complexes. For data collection, the study area was delineated into three commercial zones. Primary data for the study were collected from occupiers of commercial complexes and property valuers operating within these areas through structured questionnaire, based on purposive sampling technique. The study utilised an analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique to analyse the variation in rental values of commercial complexes in the study area. Results of data analysis revealed a statistically significant variation in rental values of commercial complexes in the study area (F ꞊ 16.70809, p ≤ 0.05) and an increasing trend of the rental values over the years under study as indicated by the rental index. This variation is perceived to be caused by the safety and quality of location, building visibility and lease term (RII ꞊ 0.97, 0.93 and 0.88, respectively). The study recommends that real estate investors should consider these factors when investing in commercial complexes across the commercial zones in Ilorin.
Measuring and Mapping Micro Level Earning Inequality towards Addressing the Sustainable Development Goals – A Multivariate Small Area Modelling Approach
Authors: Guha Saurav , Chandra Hukum
Published: September 2022

The earning inequality in India has unfavorably obstructed underprivileged in accessing elementary needs like health and education. Periodic labour force survey conducted by National Statistical Office of India generates estimates on earning status at national and state level for both rural and urban sectors separately. However, due to small sample size problem, these surveys cannot generate reliable estimates at micro-level viz. district or block. Thus, owing to unavailability of district-level estimates, analysis of earning inequality is restricted to the national and the state level. Therefore, the existing variability in disaggregate-level earning distribution often goes unnoticed. This article describes multivariate small area estimation method to generate precise and representative district-wise estimate of earning distribution in rural and urban areas of the Indian State of Bihar by linking Periodic labour force survey data of 2018–2019 and 2011 Population Census data of India. These disaggregate-level estimates and spatial mapping of earning distribution are essential for measuring and monitoring the goal of reduced inequalities related to the sustainable development of 2030 agenda. They expected to offer insightful information to decision-makers and policy experts for identifying the areas demanding more attention.
Pseudo Bayesian Mixed Models under Informative Sampling
Authors: Savitsky Terrance D. , Williams Matthew R.
Published: September 2022

When random effects are correlated with survey sample design variables, the usual approach of employing individual survey weights (constructed to be inversely proportional to the unit survey inclusion probabilities) to form a pseudo-likelihood no longer produces asymptotically unbiased inference. We construct a weight-exponentiated formulation for the random effects distribution that achieves approximately unbiased inference for generating hyperparameters of the random effects. We contrast our approach with frequentist methods that rely on numerical integration to reveal that the pseudo Bayesian method achieves both unbiased estimation with respect to the sampling design distribution and consistency with respect to the population generating distribution. Our simulations and real data example for a survey of business establishments demonstrate the utility of our approach across different modeling formulations and sampling designs. This work serves as a capstone for recent developmental efforts that combine traditional survey estimation approaches with the Bayesian modeling paradigm and provides a bridge across the two rich but disparate sub-fields.
Detection of a new emerging strain of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (GI.2) in China
Authors: Chen Wanting , Tu Teng , Luo Yan , Yang Zexiao , Yao Xueping , Wu Xulong , Wang Yin
Published: September 2022

Introduction

In May 2020, an outbreak of rabbit haemorrhagic disease 2 (RHD2) caused by the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2, GI.2) occurred in Sichuan, China. The acute onset and short disease course resulted in rabbit mortality as high as 42.86%. Currently, basic research on the aetiology and genetic characteristics of GI.2 is lacking in China.

Material and Methods

Pathological changes in various tissues from infected rabbits were investigated and the viral genome was characterised. This study used RT-PCR, histopathology and scanning electron microscopy to identify the pathogen in samples from infected rabbits that had died. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on whole genome sequence analysis, and recombination events were analysed.

Results

RT-PCR identified the presence of GI.2. Histopathology revealed liver cell necrosis and haemorrhaging into lung alveoli. Electron microscopy demonstrated spherical GI.2 particles that were 40 nm in size. The gene sequence length of the isolate was 7,445 bp (GenBank accession number MW178244). A phylogenetic analysis based on the genome of the isolated strain and 60 reference strains showed that the isolate was grouped together with GI.2 strain MT586027.1 in a relatively independent sub-branch. The results of the recombination analysis showed that the strain was recombined from the MT586027.1 (major parent) and MN90145.1 (minor parent) strains, and recombination breakpoints were at locations in the 2858–5137 nt range.

Conclusion

The results of this study extend our understanding of the molecular epidemiology of GI.2.
A model for managing the security of maritime critical infrastructure under the conditions of the fourth industrial revolution
Authors: Igielski Michał
Published: September 2022

The primary objective of the author of this paper is to propose a preliminary and theoretical model of security management of maritime critical infrastructure under the conditions of the fourth industrial revolution. The proposed model in the definition is to be comprehensive in terms of shaping information security management. The article is also an attempt to capture the main threats in the sphere of information security management during the management of critical infrastructure. In addition, the author‘s intention is to provoke/open a discussion on this topic, because as is evident from numerous scientific studies, the awareness of the negative consequences of progress is essential to take correct actions to minimize their impact.
Comparative historical analysis of the state of monastery compounds of the krasnodar region, founded in the XIX and XX centuries
Authors: Kitaeva I. V.
Published: September 2022

The monasteries that were built during pre-Soviet times were the most important centers of Russia spiritual life. The Krasnodar Krai, whose territory during the Russian Empire had been called the Black Sea Region, and then received the status of an administrative-territorial unit and was called the Black Sea Governorate, developed by the Cossacks, who needed churches and monastic cloisters. For Russia, the Soviet period became a time when religion ceased to occupy an important place in the lives of most people, that inhabiting the country. Krasnodar monastic cloisters were closed, their property was confiscated for the needs of the Soviet state. In the post-Soviet era, closed monasteries were given the opportunity to revive and begin their ecclesiastical work again. In addition, new monastic cloisters began to be created in the Krasnodar Territory. This article provides a comparative-historical analysis of the Krasnodar Territory monasteries’ condition, which were founded in pre-Soviet and post-Soviet times.
Educação ambiental crítica e ecofeminismo: uma potente lente epistemológica para uma educação ambiental popular e feminista
Authors: Silva Lisiana Lawson Terra da , Freitas André Luis Castro de
Published: September 2022

Este artigo elabora uma reflexão crítica a respeito da articulação da educação ambiental (EA) e do ecofeminismo, ambos de vertente crítica. Para isso, analisa o conceito e as perspectivas da EA e do ecofeminismo, incorporando ao debate a Teoria da Reprodução Social. O objetivo do texto é demonstrar que esta articulação teórica produz uma potente lente epistemológica, a qual permite perceber as opressões que as mulheres enfrentam na sociedade capitalista e patriarcal. Por fim, compreende-se ser urgente que a EA crítica incorpore as perspectivas de gênero e classe em suas análises e considera-se que o ecofeminismo crítico pode contribuir para a construção de uma EA crítica, popular e feminista.
Neonatal jaundice: risk factors associated with phototherapy treatment in rooming-in care
Authors: Dias Vitória , Pelicia Simone , Corrente José , Rugolo Ligia
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency of neonatal jaundice and use of phototherapy. To identify risk factors associated with phototherapy in rooming-in care (RC). METHODS: Retrospective study with newborns = 35 weeks in a Tertiary Hospital RC from October to December 2017. Newborns were divided into two groups: treated and untreated for jaundice. Included: inborn neonates without congenital anomalies. Newborns who were admitted in a neonatal ward were excluded. Maternal, gestational, neonatal clinical data and care practices were evaluated. Outcome: use of phototherapy. Associations between groups were assessed using the Students t-test for continuous variables and chi-square for categorical ones. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors associated with phototherapy. RESULTS: 376 newborns were included. 176 newborns (47%) were diagnosed with neonatal jaundice and 66 newborns (18%) were treated with phototherapy. Treated group had lower gestational age (38 x 39 weeks), higher level of bilirubin in umbilical cord blood (2 x 1.5mg/dL), greater weight loss (7 x 6%), more frequent ABO incompatibility (35 x 10%) and prolonged length of hospital stay (79 x 50 hours). Logistic regression identified as independent risk factors for phototherapy: gestational age (OR=6); umbilical cord bilirubin (OR=16); ABO incompatibility (OR=12) and weight loss (OR=1.24). CONCLUSION: Neonatal jaundice was frequent in RC and almost 20% of the newborns were treated with phototherapy. Weight loss was the only preventable risk factor for phototherapy and no protective factor was found.
O VALOR CULTURAL E A IMPORTÂNCIA NO ECOSSISTEMA MUSICAL DOS PALCOS DE PEQUENO E MÉDIO PORTE NA CIDADE DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Zarur Guarisa Maria Luísa , De Figueiredo João Luiz
Published: September 2022

O objetivo do artigo é identificar como gestores de palcos de pequeno e médio porte de música ao vivo na cidade do Rio de Janeiro percebem a geração de valor cultural destes equipamentos e o papel que desempenham no ecossistema musical da cidade. O referencial teórico mobilizado divide-se em dois eixos complementares, um que debate a geração de valor cultural da música ao vivo e outro que analisa a anatomia de uma cidade criativa como forma de identificar o papel desses estabelecimentos no ecossistema musical da cidade. A coleta de dados primários foi realizada por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com gestores de casas e artistas e analisada por meio de categorização prévia alinhada ao referencial teórico. Os resultados apontam como esses equipamentos geram valor cultural e se inserem no ecossistema musical da cidade, justificando a criação de políticas que evitem o fechamento desses espaços.
POLÍTICAS MUNICIPAIS DE ECONOMIA CRIATIVA: DESENHO E PROMOÇÃO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO
Authors: Aguiar Rafael Barbosa de , Leite Lima Luciana , Lui Lizandro
Published: September 2022

O artigo objetiva analisar os desenhos das políticas públicas de economia criativa de Porto Alegre (RS), São José dos Campos (SP) e Ananindeua (PA) para verificar seu potencial quanto à promoção do desenvolvimento. Para tanto, elaboramos um modelo analítico em dois níveis: (i) categorias descritivas: delimitação de fatores estruturantes, elementos relacionados ao funcionamento da política e sua eficácia, baseados no conceito de capacidade administrativa; (ii) categorias analíticas: perspectiva de desenvolvimento e endogeneidade (participação, normatividade e transparência), verificar se os fatores estruturantes manifestam dimensões promotoras de desenvolvimento, derivadas da teoria do desenvolvimento endógeno. Foi realizada pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, estudo de casos múltiplos e pesquisa documental de fontes primárias e secundárias compreendendo o período de 2003 a 2018. Constatamos que as políticas de economia criativa nos três municípios manifestam fracamente as dimensões envolvidas na promoção de desenvolvimento: mobilizavam uma perspectiva de desenvolvimento restrita à dimensão econômica, a qual se mostra conformada às características endógenas de prevalência de atores estatais na tomada de decisão, regras pouco nítidas quanto à distribuição de poder ou que simplesmente reforçam o status do Estado, ao que não surpreende a transparência ser precária.
A EVOLUÇÃO DO NÍVEL DE MATURIDADE DO ECOSSISTEMA DE INOVAÇÃO À LUZ DA ECONOMIA CRIATIVA: EM BUSCA DE UM ECOSSISTEMA CRIATIVO NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Dos Santos Reis Danisson Luiz , Da Silva Lima Debora Cristina , Teixeira Clarissa Stefani
Published: September 2022

Ecossistemas de inovação estruturados e orquestrados permitem o desenvolvimento territorial a partir da sinergia dos diversos atores em prol da economia do conhecimento compreendida por startups, negócios de impacto social, empreendimentos criativos e tantos outros. Entre essas possibilidades de interação, entender a relação dos ecossistemas locais de inovação e os setores da economia criativa é uma oportunidade para enxergar novas possibilidades de um desenvolvimento sustentável territorial. Tentando entender as singularidades desta intersecção, o presente artigo evidencia a orquestração de um ecossistema de inovação em formação sob a ótica da economia criativa. Para isso, é apresentado um estudo de caso acontecido na cidade de Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil, durante os anos de 2020 e 2021, onde foi utilizada a ferramenta “Atuação, gestão e monitoramento por níveis de maturidade dos ecossistemas de inovação”. O presente trabalho apresentou os resultados do nível de maturidade encontrados, destacando os principais pontos que levaram às aferições encontradas e à trajetória de evolução do ecossistema no período analisado. Dessa forma, foi demonstrado um ecossistema em evolução e a existência de uma correlação positiva entre as temáticas que proporcionam benefícios para o território.
TERRITORIO MEDIADO: PANÓPTICO COMO MÁQUINA DE EXPERIMENTACIÓN
Authors: Faller Ronaldo Josué
Published: September 2022

Con el surgimiento de la globalización se tuvo acceso a nuevas libertades, con esto se accedieron a nuevas oportunidades y posibilidades, transformando y reconfigurando las prácticas sociales. La mediatización de la vida privada a través de redes virtuales es una consecuencia de este proceso. El artículo pretende reflexionar sobre este proceso, desde el territorio mediatizado; el propio territorio, en un intento de comprender las prácticas sociales, las territorialidades involucradas; así como los efectos sobre el individuo, que acude a las redes y produce significados dentro y fuera del territorio virtual. Por lo tanto, este artículo realiza una costura teórica entre los siguientes conceptos: territorio y panóptico, con el fin de comprender cómo el individuo es afectado por esta estructura virtual mediatizada. Este estudio se desarrolla a través de una revisión bibliográfica acerca de este fenómeno. Se concluye este territorio cibermediatizado, potencializado a través de las redes de conexión, que generan poder simbólico que tiene efectos en las prácticas sociales, revelando así un campo enriquecedor para ser explorado científicamente.
COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND CREATIVITY: REFLECTIONS AND LESSONS FOR TOURIST CITIES, BY GREG RICHARDS
Authors: Mediotte Elias , Richards Greg
Published: September 2022

There is a growing debate about the use of creativity for sustainable development, particularly in terms of increasing the creative potential of cities. However, studies based on the experiences and perspectives of leading authors in this area are limited. Greg Richards is a long-standing researcher on the application of creativity in various socio-economic sectors, including creative tourism, creative cities, economy, and creative industries. This study, based on a semi-structured interview conducted with Greg Richards, seeks to present some reflections and ideas for ways forward, considering the scenario before, during, and after the Covid-19 pandemic and its possible effects on the new economy. Particular attention is paid to the emerge of ‘glocal’ creativity, especially related to the UNESCO Creative Cities.
CREATIVE CITIES AND THE TOURIST EXPERIENCE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE KNOWLEDGE PRODUCED AND A LISTENING ON CREATIVE RECIFE
Authors: Paes-Cesário Marília
Published: September 2022

The creative cities have presented themselves as a new and distinct way of offering attractions to tourists, and these new possibilities have resulted in differentiated and unique experiences for those who not only enjoy but also frequently participate in the creative processes. As a result of this knowledge gap, this article has the following objectives: to relate what has recently been published in one of the main databases in the literature on creative cities and the tourist experience; to detect the objectives and contexts of research on creative cities and the tourist experience; and to identify what has been done in Recife - PE/Brazil - which is one of UNESCO’s creative cities - to encourage, enhance, and disseminate the creative potential of this city. As a methodology for selecting what has been published, criteria for article selection were established using keywords such as creative cities, tourism, and tourist experience. Furthermore, a synthesis of knowledge on this topic was possible, allowing perception of what is already known about the topic and what still needs to be researched, as well as pointing out directions for future investigations and some limitations of studies in this area. Because some study gaps were identified, it is possible to conclude that the themes of creative cities related to the tourist experience have the potential to be much more researched. The main limitation of this study is the fact that it is a systematic review of the literature, through only one database, and therefore, it is suggested as relevant for future research an updated systematic review, since many other works arise daily.
Düşük Faiz Politikası ve Enflasyon: Neo-Fisherian Yaklaşım Çerçevesinde Türkiye Üzerine Bir Analiz
Authors: ŞEKER Hilal , DEMİREL Baki
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışma, Neo-Fisher bir para politikasının politik önermelerinin Türkiye ekonomisi için geçerli olup olmayacağını analiz etmeyi amaçlamış olup; Türkiye’de TCMB’nin uyguladığı faiz politikalarının sıkça tartışılıyor olması, çalışmanın temel motivasyonunu oluşturmaktadır. Uzun dönem kalıcı faiz şoklarının enflasyon beklentilerini artırabileceği ve Türkiye’de Neo-Fisher Etkisi’nin geçerli olabileceği temel varsayımından hareketle, Türkiye ekonomisine ait 2002-2017 dönemini kapsayan veriler kullanılarak, geleneksel ve yapısal kırılmalı birim kök testleri yapılmış, ardından Autoregressive Distributed Long Bound Test (ARDL modeli) kullanılarak değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Analizde iki farklı model oluşturulmuştur. İlk model için sonuçlar Türkiye’de kısa dönemde Fisher Etkisinin geçerli olabileceğini ortaya koymuştur. İkinci modelde ise uzun dönem faizlerin yüksek kalmasının enflasyon beklentilerini artırmak suretiyle, enflasyonist etki doğuracağı ve Neo-Fisher Etkisinin geçerli olabileceği bulgulanmıştır. Her ne kadar değişkenler arasında Neo-Fisherian etkiler gözlenmiş olsa da politik çıkarımlarda Türkiye’nin içinde bulunduğu ekonomik durumu da göz önünde bulundurmak önem arz etmektedir. Dolayısıyla Neo-Fisher bir politika uygulamasından çok TCMB’nin kredibilitesini artırması ve finansal istikrara odaklanması yerinde olacaktır.
ASEAN-5 Ülkelerinde Ekolojik Ayak İzi Yakınsaması: Suradf Ve Surkss Birim Kök Testi
Authors: ERGÜN TATAR Havanur
Published: September 2022

Ekolojik ayak izi, insan faaliyetlerinin çevre üzerindeki etkisini gözlemlemede yardımcı olmaktadır. Özellikle sürdürülebilir çevre kavramının ve ülkelere ait çevre politikalarının önemi düşünüldüğünde, ekolojik ayak izi kapsamlı bir gösterge niteliğindedir. Bu çalışmada, çevre kirliliğini daha geniş perspektiften analiz etmek için CO2 yerine, karbon ayak izi gösterge olarak tercih edilmiştir. Ayrıca ekolojik ayak izi yakınsaması, farklı bir yöntemle incelenmiştir. Bu noktada çalışmanın, literatüre katkı sunacağı beklenmektedir. Çalışmada ASEAN-5 ülkelerinde, ekolojik ayak izi yakınsaması analiz edilmektedir. Bunun için 1973-2017 dönemi seçilmiştir. Çalışmada, SURADF ve SURKSS birim kök incelemesi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuna göre, incelenen tüm ülkelerde ekolojik ayak izinin durağan olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Diğer bir değişle, ASEAN-5 ülkelerinde yakınsamanın geçerli olduğu ispatlanmıştır.
Impact of International Environmental Agreements on Procyclicality of Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Business Cycles
Authors: KUCUKEFE Bige , KAYA KANLI Nilüfer
Published: September 2022

The relationship between cyclic components of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and gross domestic product (GDP) growth is procyclical for a typical economy. Potential effects of a policy decision on the environment require policymakers to consider the impact of GDP growth on CO2 emissions for a country. This paper investigates the changing dynamics of procyclicality of CO2 emissions with respect to GDP growth following the Kyoto protocol which represents a strong commitment for a green economy by the industrialized countries. We compare two time periods (1970-2005 and 2006-2017) before and after the Kyoto Protocol by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficients and using linear regression models for 48 countries which produced 79% of the world total CO2 emissions in 2017. Our study finds that the procyclicality of the CO2 emissions and GDP growth decreased in 29 countries and increased in 19 countries in the period 2006-2017 following the Kyoto Protocol. We extract the cyclical components by Hodrick-Prescot filter. We also build VAR models and compute impulse response functions, which agree with the statistical findings.
Ekonomi ve Dış Ticaret Politikası Belirsizliklerinin ABD-Çin Dış Ticaret Dengesine Etkileri: Sınır Testi ve ARDL ile Bir Analiz
Authors: ÖZÇELİK Oğuzhan
Published: September 2022

Bu araştırmada ABD ve Çin’deki ekonomik ve ticaret politikası belirsizliklerindeki artışların, ABD’nin Çin’e karşı olan dış ticaret dengesi üzerindeki etkileri, 2000:Q1-2021:Q3 dönemi verileri kullanılarak Ng-Perron birim kök testi, Sınır Testi ve ARDL yöntemleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda; ABD’nin ekonomi politikalarındaki belirsizliklerin artmasının ABD’nin Çin’e olan dış ticaret dengesini uzun dönemde olumlu yönde etkilediği, Çin’in ekonomi politikalarındaki belirsizliklerin artmasının ise ABD’nin Çin’le olan dış ticaret dengesini hem uzun hem de kısa dönemde de olumsuz yönde etkilediği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. ABD’deki ticaret politikalarındaki belirsizliklerin artmasının ABD’nin Çin’le olan dış ticaret dengesi üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı görülürken, Çin’deki ticaret politikalarındaki belirsizliklerin artmasının ise ABD’nin Çin karşısındaki dış ticaret dengesini kısa ve uzun dönemlerde olumsuz yönde etkilediği gösterilmiştir. Tüm bu emareler ABD’nin Çin’e karşı uyguladığı ticari yaptırımların kendisine fayda sağlamadığına işaret etmektedir. Diğer taraftan reel döviz kurundaki artışların, ABD’nin dış ticaret dengesini kısa dönemde de uzun dönemde de olumsuz yönde etkilediği görülmüştür. Bu nokta, ABD’nin Çin’e karşı kur baskısına ilişkin politikalarının haklılığına dayanak teşkil etmektedir.
Türkiye’de Vergi Uyumu ve Mekansal Farklılıklar, 2013-2020
Authors: GÜNDEM Fırat
Published: September 2022

Vergi uyumu, hükümetlerin çok fazla çaba harcamadan vergi toplama kapasitesini ifade eden bir terimdir; vatandaşların ve şirketlerin vergi sisteminde sistemik boşluklar aramadan vergilerini ödemeye ne kadar istekli olduklarını gösterir. Vergi uyumu özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerin kamu harcamalarını karşılayacak kaynakları bulmaları açısından önemlidir. Vergi uyumu; yaş, eğitim, hükümete duyulan güven, dışa açıklık gibi çeşitli faktörlerden etkilenir. Lakin çeşitli mekânsal birimlerin vergi uyumu aynı değildir. Bu, özellikle mükelleflerin ekonomik faaliyetleri ve ödemekle yükümlü oldukları vergilerin yerel düzeyde belirlendiği ve toplandığı durumlarda önem arz eder. Vergi uyumu açısından çeşitli mekânsal eğilimler olabilir ve bunları mekânsal düzeyde bilmek hükümet için stratejik öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de il düzeyinde vergi uyumu için mekânsal birimlerden etkilenen faktörler araştırılmıştır. Bulgular, vergi uyumunun demografik değişkenlerden ve cezalardan etkilendiğini göstermektedir. Lakin cezalar Türkiye'de vergi uyumunu olumsuz etkilemektedir. Ayrıca, vergi uyumu ülke genelinde aynı değildir ve Tahsilat/Tahakkuk oranına göre değişen farklı mekânsal rejimler mevcuttur.
Petrol Fiyatları ile Kişisel Tüketim Harcamaları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Fourier Yaklaşımı
Authors: KONYA Serkan
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de 2009-2021 yılları arasında petrol fiyatları ile kişisel tüketim harcamaları arasındaki ilişkinin varlığı Fourier yaklaşımı kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Ham petrol fiyatlarının kişisel tüketim harcamaları ile ilişkisi incelenirken, kişisel tüketim harcamalarının yanı sıra, tüketim mallarının esneklikleri birbirinden farklı olmasından dolayı tüketilen malları dayanıklı, yarı dayanıklı ve dayanıksız tüketim malları olarak ayrıştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla öncelikle Fourier durağanlık testi yardımıyla değişkenlerin durağanlığı test edilmiş, seviyelerinde durağan olmayan serilerin farkı alınmış ve fark serilerinin durağan olduğu belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönem ilişkinin varlığını sınamak için Fourier-Shin eşbütünleşme testi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Türkiye’de ham petrol fiyatlarındaki ani şoklar, yarı dayanıklı ve dayanıksız tüketim harcamaları arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki olduğu, ancak ham petrol fiyatları ile dayanıklı tüketim malları arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Elde edilen bir diğer sonuç ise, ham petrol fiyatlarında olan belirsizlik, tüketicilerin tüketim kararlarında belirleyici bir etken olduğu ancak bu belirleyici unsurun tüm mal grupları için geçerli olmadığını göstermektedir.
NATO Ülkelerinde Kişi Başı Askeri Harcama Yakınsaması: Nahar-Inder Yakınsama Testinden Kanıtlar
Authors: YAZGAN Şekip , KARADEMİR Cihat
Published: September 2022

NATO üyesi ülkeler arasındaki yük paylaşımı tartışmalarının, soğuk savaş sonrası dönemden günümüze kadar gelen süreçte, uluslararası konjonktürdeki değişikliklere bağlı olarak, çeşitli dönemlerde ve farklı yoğunluklarda gündeme geldiği görülmektedir. Bu çerçevede ilgili ampirik literatürde, özellikle NATO üyesi ülkelerin askeri harcama düzeyleri için yakınsama davranışının araştırıldığı çalışmalar önemli bir yer kaplamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 1960-2020 yıllarını kapsayan dönemde NATO ülkelerinde kişi başı askeri harcamaları açısından stokastik yakınsamanın varlığı, Nahar-Inder(2002) yakınsama testi yaklaşımı ile araştırılmaktadır. Nahar ve Inder (2002) yakınsama testi, genel olarak aynı davranış biçimine sahip örneklem içerisinde, farklı hareket eden ülkeleri belirlemeye imkan sağlayan polinom tipi bir test olarak ifade edilmektedir. Nahar ve Inder (2002) yakınsama testi ayrıca, incelenen serilerin durağan olmaması durumunda bile çıktı farklılıklarının yakınsama davranışı sergileyebileceğini göstermektedir. Çalışmada, örneklem içi hareketliliği ayrıştırmayı sağlayan zaman serisi analizine dayalı Nahar-Inder (2002) testi kullanılarak elde edilen bulgular, inceleme döneminde örneklemde bulunan Belçika, Portekiz ve Norveç hariç diğer 13 ülkenin örneklem ortalamasına doğru yakınsama davranışı içerisinde olduğunu göstermektedir.
Enflasyon ve İşsizlik Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye için Ampirik Bir Araştırma
Authors: BUYRUKOĞLU Ayşin , ALTUNAKAR MERCAN Şehnaz
Published: September 2022

Enflasyon ve işsizlik arasındaki ilişki ilk olarak 1958'de İngiltere'de işsizlik ve parasal ücret artışı arasında negatif bir ilişki bulan Phillips tarafından ortaya atılmıştır. Bu hipotezin savunucuları, enflasyon ve işsizlik arasında, işsizlik oranını azaltabilmek için kullanılabilecek bir değişim oranı olduğunu iddia etmektedirler.

Bu makale Türkiye ekonomisinde Mayıs 2009’dan Kasım 2021’e kadar olan aylık verileri kullanarak işsizlik ve enflasyon arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Değişkenlerin durağanlıkları Augmented Dicky-Fuller ve Phillips- Perron testleri kullanılarak incelenmiş, daha sonra geleneksel birim kök testlerinin yapısal kırılmaları dikkate almamasına yönelik getirilen eleştiriler doğrultusunda geliştirilen Zivot-Andrews birim kök testi de uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada yalnızca iki değişkenin yer alması nedeniyle serilerin birlikte hareketinin olup olmadığını ortaya koymak üzere Engle-Granger eş bütünleşme testi uygulanmıştır.

Yapılan analizler neticesinde, değişkenler arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin var olduğu ve enflasyondan işsizliğe doğru nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığı doğrultusunda Phillips Eğrisi’nin Türkiye’nin 2009M05 –2021M11 dönemi için geçerli olduğu ve enflasyondaki %1’lik artışın, işsizlikte %2,6’lık azalış sağladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
UNITY AND CORRELATIONS OF ENTROPIC COMPONENTS IN PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REGULARITIES
Authors: Кораблев Г.А.
Published: September 2022

Все явления и процессы в природе и в Мире, идут только в двух энергетических направлениях. Или – по градиенту силового поля, с минимальной затратой энергии (энтропия), или – против градиента, с максимальной затратой энергии (негэнтропия).Графики S-кривых и их номограммы характеризуют динамику изменения энтропийных составляющих в зависимости от основных параметров процесса. Условием стационарного состояние системы является равенство или постоянная величина соотношения ее энтропии и негэнтропии (равновесная динамика). Такие закономерности имеют место во многих явлениях и в конформационных взаимодействиях в физико-химии, в природе, в технике и даже в экономике. Приведены примеры их функционального вклада.

All phenomena and processes in the nature and world proceed only in two energy directions: either along the force field gradient with minimum energy input (entropy) or against the gradient with maximum energy input (negentropy).The graphs of S-curves and their nomograms characterize the dynamics of change in entropic components depending on the process main parameters. The condition of the system stationary state is the equality or constant of the correlation between its entropy and negentropy (equilibrium dynamics). Such regularities are found in many phenomena and conformational interactions in physical chemistry, nature, engineering and even economics. The examples of their functional contribution are given.
CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION OF HYDROCARBONS IN THE THERMOHYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS OF KUZBASS SAPROMIXITE COALS
Authors: Рокосов Ю.В. , Рокосова Н.Н. , Дикунова Т.В. , Рокосова В.Ю. , Романова Т.А.
Published: September 2022

Состав углеводородов в продуктах термогидролиза сапромикситовых (липтобиолитовых) углей Барзасского месторождения Кузбасса изучен методом хромато-масс-спектрометрии с использованием методики масс-фрагментограмм. Высокий показатель отношения суммы алифатических компонентов к сумме ароматических компонентов (3:2) в общей смеси углеводородов во всем диапазоне распределения установлен посредством анализа их содержания по площадям пиков на масс-хроматограмме, зарегистрированной по полному ионному току.

The composition of hydrocarbons in the products of thermal hydrolysis of sapromixite (liptobiolitic) coals of the Barzasskoye deposit of Kuzbass was studied by chromatography-mass spectrometry using the mass-fragmentograms technique. A high ratio of the sum of aliphatic components to the sum of aromatic components (3:2) in the total mixture of hydrocarbons over the entire distribution range was established by analyzing their content by peak areas on a mass chromatogram recorded by the total ion current.
First trans-eunicellane terpene synthase in bacteria
Authors: Li Zining , Xu Baofu , Kojasoy Volga , Ortega Teresa , Adpressa Donovon , Ning Wenbo , Wei Xiuting , Liu Jamin , Tantillo Dean , Loesgen Sandra , Rudolf Jeffrey
Published: September 2022

Terpenoids are the largest family of natural products, but prokaryotes are vastly underrepresented in this chemical space. However, genomics supports vast untapped biosynthetic potential for terpenoids in bacteria. We discovered the first trans-eunicellane terpene synthase (TS), AlbS from Streptomyces albireticuli NRRL B-1670, in nature. Mutagenesis, deuterium labeling studies, and quantum chemical calculations provided extensive support for its cyclization mechanism. In addition, parallel stereospecific labeling studies with Bnd4, a cis-eunicellane TS, revealed a key mechanistic distinction between these two enzymes. AlbS highlights bacteria as a valuable source of novel terpenoids, expands our understanding of the eunicellane family of natural products and the enzymes that biosynthesize them, and provides a model system to address fundamental questions about the chemistry of 6,10-bicyclic ring systems.
Room Temperature Pseudo-Solid State Iron Fluoride Conversion Battery with High Ionic Conductivity and Low Interfacial Resistance
Authors: Lapp Aliya , Merrill Laura , Wygant Bryan , Ashby David , Bhandarkar Austin , Zhang Alan , Fuller Elliot , Harrison Katharine , Lambert Timothy , Talin Albert Alec
Published: September 2022

Li metal batteries (LMBs) employing conversion cathode materials (e.g., FeF3) are a promising way to prepare inexpensive, environmentally friendly batteries with high energy density. Pseudo-solid state ionogel separators harness the energy density and safety advantages of solid state LMBs, while alleviating key drawbacks (e.g., poor ionic conductivity and high interfacial resistance). In this work, a pseudo-solid state conversion battery (Li-FeF3) is presented that achieves stable, high rate (1.0 mA cm-2) cycling at room temperature. The batteries described herein contain gel-infiltrated FeF3 cathodes prepared by exchanging the ionic liquid in a polymer ionogel with a localized high concentration electrolyte (LHCE). The LHCE gel merges the benefits of a flexible separator (e.g., adaptation to conversion-related volume changes) with the excellent chemical stability and high ionic conductivity (~2 mS cm-1 at 25°C) of an LHCE. The latter property is in contrast to previous solid state iron fluoride batteries, where poor ionic conductivities necessitated elevated temperatures to realize practical power levels. The stable, room temperature Li-FeF3 cycling performance obtained with the LHCE gel at high current densities paves the way for exploring a range of architectures including flexible, three-dimensional, and custom shape batteries.
Bridging the Catalyst Reactivity Gap Between Au and Cu for the Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Yan Dengxin , Kristoffersen Henrik H. , Castelli Ivano E. , Rossmeisl Jan
Published: September 2022

The reverse water gas shift reaction (rWGSR) is highly relevant for CO2 utilization in sustainable fuel and chemical production. Both Au and Cu are interesting for rWGSR catalysis, but it turns out that the reactivities of Au and Cu are very different. In this study, we consider alloys made from Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, and Pd to identify surfaces with reactivities for CO2 dissociation in between Cu(111) and Au(111). Additionally, interesting alloy surfaces should have activation energies for CO2 dissociation that are only a little higher than the endothermic reaction energy. We find that certain Cu based alloys with Ag and Au meet these criteria, whereas alloys containing Pt or Pd do not. The low additional cost in activation energy occurs when the transition state and final state configurations are made to look very similar due to the placement of the different metal elements in the surface. Finally, we construct a kinetic model that compares the rate of the rWGSR to the estimated rate of unwanted side reactions (i.e. methane formation or coking) on Ag-Cu alloy surfaces with varying composition and random placement of the Ag and Cu atoms. The thermodynamics favor methane formation over rWGSR, but the model suggests that Ag-Cu alloy surfaces are highly selective for the rWGSR.
High Entropy Electrolytes for Practical Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Kim Sang Cheol , Wang Jingyang , Xu Rong , Zhang Pu , Chen Yuelang , Huang Zhuojun , Yang Yufei , Yu Zhiao , Oyakhire Solomon , Zhang Wenbo , Kim Mun Sek , Boyle David , Sayavong Philaphon , Qin Jian , Bao Zhenan , Cui Yi
Published: September 2022

Electrolyte engineering is a critical approach to improve battery performance, particularly for lithium metal batteries. In this work, we introduce the concept of high entropy electrolytes (HEEs) that achieve improved ionic conductivity while maintaining excellent electrochemical stability. We find that increasing the molecular diversity and concomitantly the mixing entropy of weakly solvating electrolytes can reduce ion clustering while retaining anion-rich solvation structure, confirmed through synchrotron-based X-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations. Less clustered electrolytes exhibit higher diffusivity and ionic conductivity, enabling high current density cycling up to 2C (> 6 mA cm-2) for up to ~80 cycles in anode-free NMC-Cu pouch cells. We substantiate the generality of the concept by verifying performance improvement in three disparate electrolyte systems. This work highlights a large unexplored design space of HEEs that can improve electrolyte properties for lithium metal batteries.
Monitoring Evolution of Atoms and Bonds on a Reaction Path by the Reaction Fragility Method
Authors: Ordon Piotr , Komorowski Ludwik
Published: September 2022

. The theoretic foundations of the novel method for the comprehensive studies on the mechanism of the evolution of the electronic structure in a chemical reaction have been presented. Our method provides quantification for both the sequence of bond forming and breaking and the degree of bond (order) modifications along the chemical reaction path. The new Density Functional Connectivity Matrix has been introduced: its elements are the divergences of the Hellmann–Feynman forces for atoms in a molecule over the atomic displacements. They have been proved to describe to what extend atoms in a molecule are actually connected with chemical bonds or bonding interactions. The matrix provided foundation for the Reaction Fragility Method. (i) With the use of the Conceptual Density Functional Theory we have completed the road map to characterization of the properties of atoms and bonds in a molecule. We have derived the new gradient theorem, essential for demonstrating the direct link between divergences of the Hellman-Feynman forces on the nuclei and the linear response function of electron density. (ii) The vibrational energy of a system has been decomposed into the atomic fragility modes through diagonalization of the DF Connectivity Matrix, by analogy with the formalism of the normal modes. We present numerical results for the evolution of the atomic fragility modes on the reaction path in the test reaction of the internal proton transfer in H2N-CHO molecule. The visualization of the involvement of bonds and/or contacts between individual atoms on consecutive steps of the reaction has been demonstrated. (iii) The bond fragilities introduced in previous works clearly deliver description of the anharmonic effects for all bonds/contacts in the reacting system. Here we demonstrate how the bond fragilities provide a unique measure of the anharmonic effects in the system, reflecting the response of the vibrational electronic energy to changes in the distances between atoms. The additive contributions from all bonds are combined to the unique global anharmonicity parameter, the third electron energy derivative over the reaction progress. This quantity can be used as a measure of the global changes in a molecule, when they are triggered step by step along a specific reaction path.
Synthesis and styrene copolymerization of novel bromo, chloro, and fluoro ring-disubstituted tert-butyl phenylcyanoacrylates
Authors: Chaudhary Huzefa , Dobryk Paulina , Duraku Klodiana , Gaeta Kylie T. , Gierut Talia S. , Henley Nora D. , Igbinovia Erhunmwunsee , Krzywinski Sebastian , Mbouguen Leonie L.N. , Schjerven Sara M. , Tassone Nicholas M. , Kharas Gregory B.
Published: September 2022

Novel ring-disubstituted tert-butyl phenylcyanoacrylates, RPhCH=C(CN)CO2C(CH3)3, where R is 3,5-dibromo, 2,4-dichloro, 2,6-dichloro, 3,4-dichloro, 2,4-difluoro, 2,5-difluoro, 2,6-difluoro, 3,4-difluoro, 3,5-difluoro, were prepared and copolymerized with styrene. The acrylates were synthesized by the piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring-disubstituted benzaldehydes and tret-butyl cyanoacetate, and characterized by CHN analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR. All the acrylates were copolymerized with styrene in solution with radical initiation at 70C. The compositions of the copolymers were calculated from nitrogen analysis.
Enzymatic Nitrogen Insertion into Unactivated C–H Bonds
Authors: Athavale Soumitra , Gao Shilong , Das Anuvab , Mallojjala Sharath Chandra , Alfonzo Edwin , Long Yueming , Hirschi Jennifer , Arnold Frances
Published: September 2022

Selective functionalization of aliphatic C–H bonds, ubiquitous in molecular structures, could allow ready access to diverse chemical products. While enzymatic oxygenation of C–H bonds is well established, the analogous enzymatic nitrogen functionalization is still unknown; nature is reliant on pre-oxidized compounds for nitrogen incorporation. Likewise, synthetic methods for selective nitrogen derivatization of unbiased C–H bonds remain elusive. In this work, new-to-nature heme-containing nitrene transferases were used as starting points for the directed evolution of enzymes to selectively aminate and amidate unactivated C(sp3)–H sites. The desymmetrization of methyl- and ethylcyclohexane with divergent site selectivity is offered as demonstration. The evolved enzymes in these lineages are highly promiscuous and show activity towards a wide array of substrates, providing a foundation for further evolution of nitrene transferase function. Computational studies and kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) are consistent with a stepwise radical pathway involving an irreversible, enantiodetermining hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), followed by a lower-barrier diastereoselectivity determining radical rebound step. In-enzyme molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal a predominantly hydrophobic pocket with favorable dispersion interactions with the substrate. By offering a direct path from saturated precursors, these enzymes present a new biochemical logic for accessing nitrogen-containing compounds.
Mechanism of calcium permeation in a glutamate receptor ion channel
Authors: Schackert Florian Karl , Biedermann Johann , Abdolvand Saeid , Minniberger Sonja , Song Chen , Plested Andrew J. R. , Carloni Paolo , Sun Han
Published: September 2022

The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPAR) are neurotransmitter-activated cation channels ubiquitously expressed in vertebrate brains. The regulation of calcium flux through the channel pore by RNA-editing is linked to synaptic plasticity while excessive calcium influx poses a risk for neurodegeneration. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms underlying this key process are mostly unknown. Here, we investigated calcium conduction in calcium-permeable AMPAR using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations with recently-introduced multi-site force-field parameters for Ca2+. Our calculations are consistent with experiment and explain the distinct calcium permeability in different RNA-edited forms of GluA2. For one of the identified metal binding sites, multi-scale Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) simulations further validated the results from MD and revealed small but reproducible charge transfer between the metal ion and its first solvation shell. In addition, the ion occupancy derived from MD simulations independently reproduced the Ca2+ binding profile in an X-ray structure of an NaK channel mimicking the AMPAR selectivity filter. This integrated study comprising X-ray crystallography, multi-site MD, and multi-scale QM/MM simulations provides unprecedented insights into Ca2+ permeation mechanisms in AMPARs, and paves the way for studying other biological processes in which Ca2+ plays a pivotal role.
Preliminary crystal structure for tris(triethylmethylmmonium) tetra(µ2-chlorido)pentachloridotricupraate(II)
Authors: Akkina Subhash , Bond Marcus
Published: September 2022

The preliminary structure of [(C2H5)3(CH3)N]2Cu3Cl9 is reported. The structure presented has serious problems, as indicated by electron density differnce map peak maxima of ~5￼e-/Å3 near the inorganic cluster, yet provides details about unit cell parmeters and atomic positions not available from a previous report.
Semiosis de lo ideológico y el poder
Authors: Veron Eliseo
Published: September 2022

Este trabajo, al proponerse como el esbozo de una problemática extremadamente vasta y compleja, obliga a presentar de una manera forzosamente esquemática y dentro del espacio disponible los asuntos tratados. El lector queda invitado a completar esta lectura, sobre todo en lo referente al problema de la ideológico.