bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Akar Tumbuhan Merung (Coptosapelta flavescens Korth.) Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Aprilia Nurul Musdalifah , Widayat Wahyu , Ramadhan Adam M
Published: February 2020

Streptococcus mutans merupakan salah satu bakteri gram positif penyebab utama infeksi pada mulut yaitu karies gigi. Akibat tingginya prevalensi karies pada anak sehingga diperlukan alternatif dan pencarian kandidat senyawa antibakteri baru. Tumbuhan merung (Coptosapelta flavescens Korth.) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang memiliki potensi sebagai antibakteri yang terdapat di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara Kalimantan Timur. Secara empiris akar tumbuhan merung dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Kutai untuk  mengobati beberapa penyakit infeksi  seperti diare, bisul, dan keputihan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol akar tumbuhan merung terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Akar tumbuhan merung diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi dengan pelarut metanol. Pengujian antibakteri ekstrak metanol akar tumbuhan merung dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi kertas cakram Kirby-Bauer dengan konsentrasi uji (0.01, 0.02, 0.1, 0.2, 2, 10) mg/disc. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menunjukan bahwa ekstrak metanol akar tumbuhan merung memiliki aktivitas antibakteri pada konsentrasi 0.02-10 mg/disc yang ditunjukkan dengan terbentuknya zona bening disekitar kertas cakram. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol akar tumbuhan merung dimulai pada konsentrasi 0.02 mg/disc (7.61 mm) dan dengan zona bening terbesar  ditunjukkan pada konsentrasi 10 mg/disc (20.60 mm). Hasil identifikasi golongan metabolit sekunder menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol akar tumbuhan merung terdapat golongan metabolit sekunder flavonoid, fenol, tanin, dan antrakuinon. Senyawa turunan fenolik tersebut telah banyak dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri
Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Buah Ramania (Bouea macrophylla Griff) dengan Metode DPPH
Authors: Kartab Putri Novita Eka
Published: February 2020

Telah dilakukan penelitian yang berjudul Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Ramania (Bouea macrophylla Griffith) dengan metode DPPH. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan nilai IC50. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode peredaman radikal bebas DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) yang diujikan pada ekstrak kasar metanol kulit buah ramania (Bouea macrophylla Griffith). Nilai IC50 yang diketahui yakni 44,394 ppm, hal tersebut menunjukan aktivitas antioksidan yang baik.
Pengadaan Bahan yang Baik, Ketepatan Dosis dan Monitoring Efek Samping Merupakan Langkah untuk Mendapatkan Obat Herbal yang Berkualitas
Authors: Nisa Ulfatun
Published: February 2020

Obat tradisional asli milik bangsa Indonesia adalah jamu. Jamu telah menjadi bagian budaya dan kekayaan alam Indonesia dan hasil Riset  Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2010 menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan jamu oleh masyarakat Indonesia lebih dari 50%. Bahan baku yang berkualitas merupakan salah satu syarat untuk mendapatkan hasil klinis yang bagus. Bahan baku yang bermutu meliputi 3 aspek yaitu Aman, bermutu dan berkhasiat. Dosis yang tepat membuat tanaman obat bisa digunakan untuk pengobatan sedangkan jika berlebih bisa menjadi racun. Dosis bisa dibedakan menjadi 2 jenis antara lain untuk formula empiris dan formula baru, sehingga penentuan dosisnya pun akan berbeda antara 2 formula tersebut. Penggunaan  obat  tradisional  secara  umum  dinilai  lebih aman  daripada penggunaan  obat  modern. Hal  ini  karena  pada tanaman  obat terdapat  suatu  mekanisme   yang  disebut  sebagai  penangkal  atau  dapat  menetralkan  efek  samping tersebut,  yang  dikenal  dengan  SEES  (Side  Effect  Eleminating Subtanted). Ada beberapa tanaman obat yang baru diketahui melalui penelitian mengenai efek samping yang timbul ataupun interaksi yang bersamaan antara obat tradisional dan dengan obat konvensional. Sehingga monitoring obat tradisional sangat dibutuhkan dalam fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan.
Peningkatan Kelarutan Ekstrak dan Fraksi Buah Libo (Ficus variegata Blume) dengan Pengaruh Penambahan Kosolven
Authors: Prisukarno Bravo , Fridayanti Aditya , Gama Sabaniah Indjar , Rusli Rolan
Published: February 2020

Telah dilakukan penelitian peningkatan kelarutan ekstrak dan fraksi buah Libo (Ficus variegata Blume) dengan pengaruh penambahan kosolven trietanolamin, gliserin dan propilenglikol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari kosolven terbaik yang dapat meningkatkan kelarutan optimal ekstrak dan fraksi buah Libo (Ficus variegata Blume) sehingga dapat digunakan untuk berbagai jenis formulasi. Penambahan kosolven trietanolamin, gliserin dan propilenglikol dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kelarutan ekstrak dan fraksi buah Libo (Ficus variegata Blume)
Pengaruh Lama Penyimpanan Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Miana (Coleus atropurpureus L. Benth)
Authors: Khotimah Husnul , Agustina Risna , Ardana Mirhansyah
Published: February 2020

Daun miana (Coleus atropurpureus L. Benth.) merupakan tumbuhan yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan alami.Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama penyimpanan terhadap aktivitas antioksidan dan flavonoid totalekstrak daun Miana (Coleus atropurpureus L. Benth.) pada penyimpanan suhu sejuk. Dilakukan pengujian flavonoid total serta uji aktivitas antioksidanmenggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) dan diukur dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, kemudian dihitung nilai IC50. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan pada ekstrak daun miana yang disimpan pada suhu sejuk mengalami peningkatan aktivitas dan setelah dua minggu penyimpanan aktivitas antioksidan mulai mengalami penurunan,hal ini tidak sejalan dengan kadar flavonoid total yang mengalami penurunan pada hari ketiga setelah penyimpanan. Oleh karena itu diduga terdapat senyawa lain yang juga berperan memberikan aktivitas antioksidan seperti tanin yang positif terkandung dalam daun miana pada hasil pengujian metabolit sekunder dan tanin merupakan salah satu senyawa yang dapat mendukung aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah aktivitas antioksidan daun miana mengalami peningkatan selama seminggu penyimpanan pada suhu sejuk dan mulai menurun setelah dua minggu penyimpanan.
Pengaruh Variasi Lama Pemaparan Asap Rokok terhadap Profil Kadar Malondialdehida pada Hewan Coba
Authors: Armadiyanti Wahyu , Febrina Lizma , Masruhim Muhammad Amir
Published: February 2020

Malondialdehida (MDA) adalah senyawa yang dapat menggambarkan aktivitas radikal bebas di dalam sel sehingga dijadikan sebagai salah satu petunjuk terjadinya stres oksidatif akibat radikal bebas. Asap rokok merupakan salah satu sumber radikal bebas eksogen yang dapat menyebabkan peningkatan kadar radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lamanya paparan asap rokok terhadap profil kadar Malondialdehida (MDA) dalam tubuh. Hewan coba berjumlah 20 dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol normal dan kelompok eksperimen, dimana kelompok eksperimen dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok berdasarkan variasi waktu lama pemaparan yaitu 7 hari,14 dan 21 hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances) yang diukur dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada λ = 531 nm. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu kadar MDA pada kelompok eksperimen mengalami peningkatan.Hasilnya menunjukkan semakin lama waktu pemaparan maka kadar MDA semakin tinggi.Kadar MDA pada kelompok paparan 7, 14 dan 21 hari berturut-turut yaitu 0,904 nmol/mL, 1,252 nmol/mL dan 1,87 nmol/mL.
Formulasi Krim Berbahan Aktif Minyak Kapulaga (Amomum compactum Soland.) sebagai Antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Anugrah Lilis Pania , Rijai Laode , Prabowo Wisnu Cahyo
Published: February 2020

Minyak atsiri atau minyak yang mudah menguap, telah diketahui bahwa Kapulaga (Amomum compactum Soland.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mengandung minyak atsiri sineol, terpineol dan borneol. Minyak kapulaga berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar rendemen minyak kapulaga, formula basis krim, dan untuk mengetahui aktivitas  antibakteri minyak kapulaga. Metode penelitian yang digunakan minyak kapulaga destilasi uap, dan pengujian antibakteri yaitu difusi agar metode cakram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen minyak kapulaga yang diperoleh dari destilasi uap 4,867%. Hasil evaluasi sediaan krim dengan konsentrasi asam stearat yang berbeda FI (8%) dan FII (7%) antara lain organoleptis (Warna putih, bau khas minyak, bentuk semipadat), homogenitas, dan daya sebar pada FI (6,3 cm) dan FII (4,725 cm). pH krim FI (8,00) dan FII (7,43) dan viskositas FI (30,72842 Pa.s) dan FII (61,69424 Pa.s). Hasil aktivitas antibakteri pada minyak kapulaga, bahwa konsentrasi terbaik 15% dengan zona bening 10,883 mm.
Studi Penggunaan Analgesik dan Antibiotik pada Pasien Fraktur
Authors: Sulistiani Novita Dwi , Ardana Mirhansyah , Fadraersada Jaka
Published: February 2020

Analgesik dan antibiotik merupakan terapi utama pada pasien fraktur. Berbagai macam jenis fraktur mendapatkan terapi analgesik dan antibiotik yang berbeda-beda. Oleh karena itu perlu diketahui pola penggunaan obat pada pasien fraktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik berdasarkan jenis kelamin, usia, dan jenis fraktur serta pola penggunaan analgesik dan antibiotik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional secara retrospektif berdasarkan catatan rekam medik tahun 2017 di RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pasien yang di diagnosis fraktur femur terbesar berjenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 22 orang (51,17%) dan fraktur radius terbesar berjenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 17 orang (53,15%).  Fraktur femur banyak terjadi pada usia remaja (15-24) sebanyak 17 orang (39,53%) dan fraktur radius banyak terjadi pada usia dewasa (25-44) sebanyak 11 orang (34,39%). Fraktur femur dan radius banyak terjadi pada jenis tertutup dengan persentasi 83,73% dan 84.37%. Hasil menunjukkan seftriakson adalah antibiotik yang paling banyak digunakan pada kedua fraktur, digunakan selama operasi dan juga pasca operasi dengan 100% dan 90,7% pada fraktur femur dan 100% dan 93,75% dalam fraktur radius. Hasil menunjukkan natrium metamizol adalah analgesik yang paling banyak digunakan pada kedua fraktur, digunakan selama operasi dan juga pasca operasi dengan 100% dan 86,05% pada fraktur femur dan 96,87% dan 93,75% dalam fraktur radius.
Formulasi Granul Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (Anonna muricata Linn.) Menggunakan Metode Granulasi Basah
Authors: Jannah Raehan Natul , Fadraersada Jaka , Meylina Lisna , Ramadhan Adam M.
Published: February 2020

Daun Sirsak (Anonna muricata Linn.) merupakan tanaman obat yang memiliki berbagai macam manfaat. Salah satu manfaat daun sirsak yaitu sebagai antioksidan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, untuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan dan evaluasi sediaan granul dari ekstrak etanol daun sirsak. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH dan formulasi granul dilakukan dengan metode granuasi basah. Hasil yang diperoleh aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun sirsak yaitu 19,24 ppm yang termasuk kategori antioksidan sangat kuat dan hasil evaluasi  sediaan granul yaitu uji kelembaban 3,22%, laju alir 14,01 g/s, sudut istirahat 25,31°, kompresibilitas 5,77% yang memenuhi persyarataan kriteria sediaan granul yang baik serta distribusi ukuran partikel paling dominan pada rentang 426-850 µm yang termasuk kategori serbuk kasar.
Observasi Klinik Ekstrak Labu Siam (Sechium edule) Sebagai Antihipertensi
Authors: Munawassalmiah Raudhatul , Hajrah  , Rijai Laode
Published: February 2020

Labu Siam (Sechium edule) mengandung flavonoid yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas hipotensi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh pemberian ekstrak buah labu siam sebagai antihipertensi. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu (quasy experiment) dengan desain equivalent time-sample design yang dilakukan dengan cara memberikan perlakuan dan diukur tekanan darah pre-test dan post-test. Subjek penelitian diberikan ekstrak labu siam dengan dosis 100 mL/hari selama 7 hari. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan nilai tekanan darah sistolik dengan nilai signifikan p=0,001 dan nilai tekanan darah diastolik dengan nilai signifikan p=0,009 (α=0,05). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa labu siam (Sechium edule) dapat menurunkan nilai tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pada pasien hipertensi.
Pengaruh Jenis Gelling Agent terhadap Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Buah Libo (Ficus variegata, Blume)
Authors: Heryan Novika Anggraini Putri , Wijaya Viriyanata , Ardana Mirhansyah
Published: February 2020

Libo (Ficus variegata, Blume) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang telah diketahui memiliki metabolit sekunder berupa saponin dan alkaloid yang cukup dominan, dimana kedua senyawa tersebut memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan jenis gelling agent pada formulasi gel dalam mempengaruhi aktivitas ekstrak buah Libo (Ficus variegata, Blume) pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Propionibacterium acnes. Formula gel dibuat dengan memvariasikan jenis gelling agent yang akan digunakan yaitu HPMC dan Carbopol. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi sumuran, selanjutnya dilakukan pengamatan  terhadap diameter zona bunuh dengan melihat adanya zona bening yang terbentuk disekitar area sumuran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya penggunaan jenis gelling agent HPMC tidak mempengaruhi aktivitas antibakteri dan Carbopol dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak buah libo.
Formulasi Nanoemulsi dari Kombinasi Ekstrak Bunga Mawar (Rosa damascena Mill) dan Ekstrak Bengkoang (Pachyrhizus erosus) dengan Pembawa Minyak Medium Chain Tryglicerides (MCT Oil)
Authors: Ardian Gina , Hajrah  , Ramadhan Adam M.
Published: February 2020

Bunga mawar dan bengkoang ini sering digunakan oleh masyarakat pedalaman di daerah Kalimantan Timur sebagai bahan dasar untuk perawatan bekas jerawat. Bunga mawar dan bengkoang memiliki senyawa golongan flavonoid yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. MCT oil  sebagai pelarut nanoemulsi yang dapat melarutkan obat atau senyawa yang memiliki kelarutan rendah dalam air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formula nanoemulsi dengan pembawa minyak MCT oil dan karakteristik fisik dari sediaan nanoemulsi. Pada pembuatan nanoemulsi menggunakan metode sonikasi dengan 3 komponen utama yaitu pembawa minyak, surfaktan dan kosurfaktan. Bahan yang digunakan dalam nanoemulsi yaitu etanol, cremophor RH 40 dan tween 80, dengan berbagai perbandingan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh formula dengan perbandingan MCT oil: Tween80: Etanol  (1: 6 : 1)  dengan nilai pH 4,1,  ukuran partikel 67.86nm, Indeks Polidispersibilitas 0,561.
Pola Pengobatan pada Pasien Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Kota Samarinda
Authors: Karundeng Jenny Thalia , Prabowo Wisnu Cahyo , Ramadhan Adam M.
Published: February 2020

Congestive Heart Failure adalah suatu keadaan dimana jantung tidak dapat memompa darah yang mencukupi untuk kebutuhan tubuh. Pasien CHF pada umum nya harus diberikan sedikitnya empat jenis pengobatan yakni ACE Inhibitor,Diuretik, Beta bloker dan memerlukan obat tambahan untuk penyakit penyerta sehinggga harus diberikan beberapa jenis pengobatan. Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk melihat karakteristik dan mengetahui pola pengobatan yang digunakan . Kriteria inklusi pada penelitian ini yaitu pasien dewasa yang menderita CHF dan dirawat di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUD Adul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda. Penelitian bersifat observasional dengan pengambilan data dilakukan secara prospektif dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Data diambil pada periode agustus-Oktober 2018 melalui rekam medik. Data tersebut selanjutnya dianalisis karakteristik pasien dan pola pengobatan pasien CHF. Pravalensi terbanyak pada usia 45-59 sebesar (56.66%), jenis kelamin perempuan sebesar (53.33%), pendidikan terakhir SD (56.66%) dan berkerja sebagai Wiraswasta sebesar (56.66%). Pola pengobatan CHF yang paling banyak terdapat yaitu golongan Nitrat, Spironolakton, Diuretik, Anti Platelet dan ARB sebesar (43.33%).
Optimalisasi Basis Untuk Formulasi Sediaan Lip Cream
Authors: Jessica  , Rijai Laode , Arifian Hanggara
Published: February 2020

Lip cream merupakan salah satu kosmetik jenis pewarna bibir yang saat ini banyak diminati konsumen. Kualitas lip cream salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh komponen-komponen penyusun basisnya, terutama wax sebagai thickener. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh formula optimal dari basis lip cream yang memenuhi persyaratan farmasetika. Penentuan formula basis optimal lip cream dilakukan melalui variasi jumlah thickener. Penelitian ini menggunakan carnauba wax dan microcrystaline wax sebagai thickener agent. Evaluasi karakteristik basis lip cream yang dilakukan meliputi uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas, dan uji fisika kimia (daya sebar, daya lekat, viskositas dan pH), serta uji stabilitas basis lip cream menggunakan metode Freeze-Thaw selama 16 hari. Hasil penelitian diperoleh F7 (kombinasi carnauba wax dan microcrystaline wax dengan perbandingan 6% : 9 %) sebagai formula basis lip cream paling optimal. Formula F7 menghasilkan karakteristik organoleptis berwarna putih gading, berbau khas vanilin, berbentuk semipadat, dan homogen. Kemudian hasil uji karakteristik fisika dan kimia menunjukkan daya sebar 6,1 cm, daya lekat lebih dari 60 detik, nilai viskositas 18.000 cPs dan nilai pH 4,38. Formula F7 juga stabil terhadap pengaruh perubahan suhu selama 16 hari.
Formulasi Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Ekstrak Biji Ramania (Bouea macrophylla Griff) dengan Asam Oleat (Oleic Acid) sebagai Minyak Pembawa
Authors: Indriani Vinny , Tobing Novita Eka Kartab Putri , Rijai Laode
Published: February 2020

Ekstrak biji B.macrophylla memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat namun memiliki kelarutan dan bioavailabilitas yang rendah. Meningkatkan efektivitas ekstrak biji B.macrophylla dilakukan dengan memformulasikan ke dalam sistem SNEDDS menggunakan Asam Oleat sebagai minyak pembawa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi formula SNEDDS ekstrak biji B.macrophylla yang paling optimal terdiri dari kombinasi tween 20 : propilenglikol : asam oleat (0,5 : 3 : 1,5 dan 0,5 : 3,38 : 1,12) dalam 5 mL yang memiliki emulsification time  dengan rerata waktu 19,03 detik dan 15,2 detik; nilai transmitansi 92,8% dan 94,2%; ukuran tetesan 176,8 nm dan 161,1 nm; polidisperse index 0,357 dan 0,364; serta nilai nilai IC50 ektrak biji B.macrophylla 1,757 μg/mL.
Analisis Biaya Minimal Penggunaan Antihipertensi Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Bontang
Authors: Dewi Mulia Indah Kusuma , Prabowo Wisnu Cahyo , Rusli Rolan
Published: February 2020

Hipertensi adalah suatu keadaan meningkatnya tekanan darah sistolik lebih dari 140 mmHg dan diastolik lebih dari 90 mmHg. Terapi utama hipertensi adalah penggunaan antihipertensi, yang membutuhkan perawatan yang lama bahkan sampai seumur hidup. Sehingga diperlukan obat-obat yang lebih ekonomis dan efektif dalam pengobatan hipertensi dalam bentuk CMA (Cost-Minimization Analysis). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melakukan penelusuran data secara retrospektif terhadap catatan rekam medis pasien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 38 pasien terdapat 18 pasien (47%) adalah laki-laki dan 20 pasien (53%) adalah perempuan. Rata-rata usia pasien terbanyak antara 51 sampai 60 tahun, dengan lama rawat inap terbanyak yaitu 1 sampai 5 hari. Obat antihipertensi yang paling banyak digunakan yaitu kombinsi 2 obat yaitu amlodipine 5 mg dengan captopril 12,5 mg dan amlodipine 10 mg dengan captopril 25 mg. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa antihipertensi yang memiliki biaya minimal adalah Rp498.800,00.
КЛАСТЕРНІ СТРУКТУРИ РЕГІОНІВ УКРАЇНИ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ, ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВНІСТЬ ПРАКТИЧНОЇ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: Samiilenko Galyna
Published: February 2020

Стаття присвячена вивченню теоретичних засад регіональних кластерних структур. З’ясовано різнобічність розуміння значення поняття «кластер» залежно від сфери досліджень. Досліджені підходи до трактування сутності категорії «кластер», виділено основні аспекти кластерних утворень. Представлена власна розробка класифікації кластерних об’єднань. Визначені переваги застосування кластерної моделі відносно функціонування та розвитку регіону загалом та щодо кожного учасника кластерної структури. Систематизовано практичний досвід реалізації кластерного підходу за регіонами України, виявлено основні труднощі та проблеми формування та подальшого розвитку вітчизняних кластерів та сформульовано їхні особливості.
The Heart of the Citizenship Education and Revival of New Schools in Europe
Authors: Chistolini Sandra
Published: February 2020

Our present time is characterised by many contradictions and the aspect of uncertainty indicates a sense of our deep loss of values. Education is the traditional space, in which generations create meanings and adults prefigure the future. Despite the idea of liquid modernity, which dominates our existence, we are convinced that we inherit meaningful testimonies of schools born in the spirit of the Reform from the pedagogic culture of the last two centuries. Schools, such as Dalton, Jena Plan, Decroly and Freinet, are still alive and bringing us a new message of citizenship education coherent with the impulse of their founders. Following our field study to investigate the reality of the Schools of Method in the areas of the Flanders and Brussels we were able to draw a solid concept of community. In the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, we assume that the modern western culture reaches its task to convert the dispute into tolerance. Citizenship education wishes to overcome any separations and indicates the road to peace and harmony. It is not by chance that Reform Schools are now reaffirming the original impulse. They are transforming the contradictions of our postmodern society into the management of daily education. Headmasters and teachers are seriously opting for movement and variety of the curriculum against school stereotypes of the disciplines. Children become protagonists of the reformation, using the methodology of dialogue, development and discovery. Teachers and parents appear to be fundamental parts of the process, and learning democracy in school begins with the practice of a council of pupils: discussing, deciding, doing. The external world actively enters schools to shape life. History is composed of the biographies of senior citizens, mainly grandfathers, and languages are matter of pride for children from families with migrant backgrounds.
The Flypaper Effect Phenomenon: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Tasri Ansharullah
Published: February 2020

One of the implementations of autonomy policy is fiscal decentralization. The State gives chance to every local government for improving its fiscal ability. Original Local Government Revenue (PAD) is fiscal potency owned local government to improve local government independence to promote welfare to society. To accelerate fiscal independence of local government equally, the central government sends transfer funds in the form of General Allocation Funds (DAU) which aims to comply local government expenditure that has not fulfilled. However, problems faced is local government expenditure management still much more affected by DAU rather than PAD. It indicates that local government still depends on central government to comply expenditure called flypaper effect. This research aims to analyze the effect of PAD and DAU on local government expenditure by identifying whether occurs flypaper on provincial government in Indonesia. The method used in this research is analysis regression of panel data with Generalized Least Square (GLS). Data used is panel data from 34 provinces in Indonesia between 2008-2017. Based on results estimation, PAD and DAU positively and significantly affect local government expenditure. However, the DAU more affects local government expenditure compared with PAD. This exhibits that flypaper effect phenomenon occurred on provincial government in Indonesia which local government expenditure response more affected by DAU than PAD. It is happening due to the provincial government still relies on central government to comply its expenditure illustrated with high DAU transfers. This research concludes that decentralization policy in Indonesia is not effective yet. Thus, the government needs to adjust decentralization policy in order to improve regional fiscal independence.
Identification of Factors Causing Delays in Construction Projects in Algeria
Authors: Roumeissa Salhi , Karima Messaoudi , Souad Sassi Boudemagh
Published: February 2020

Time is an indicator of project performance, and along with cost and quality factors, it is the project roadmap, as it determines its success. In Algeria, among the problems often encountered in the construction of projects are timeouts. A questionnaire survey was conducted with experts in the field of construction, in order to know the factors causing delays in projects. The results show that the managerial factors (relating to planning, organization and management) are the most important in Algeria. Therefore, the use of Project Management is essential, given the need to promote this area in terms of processes and tools used, to allow the various project stakeholders to optimize the planning of activities and resources, to complete the project. project in a timely manner and reach the stage of project success. Recommendations were proposed and managerial solutions were suggested using the guide of PMBOK version 5.
Interactive Multimedia Services Research, Used in the Systems Engineering Career of the Technological Institute of Mexicali
Authors: Ocampo Jesús Francisco Gutiérrez , Pérez Corina Araceli Ortiz , Quevedo José Antonio Camaño , Zamora Karla Jasmin Castelo , Yañez Andrea Valdez
Published: February 2020

This quantitative research, has the objective of measuring the impact on the users of Interactive multimedia services, in the systems engineering career of the Instituto Tecnológico de Mexicali. The method is a survey applied to a sample of students of the Systems Engineering degree at the Instituto Tecnológico de Mexicali. The results of a survey applied about Interactive multimedia services is Interactive multimedia services, is a new tool of the Acrobat DC professional suite, which allows the user to generate PDF documents which contain various multimedia elements, such as MP3 audios, Videos, Photos, which are intended to be a valuable tool in the student teaching process and is used successful for the 402 students enrolled in systems engineering career of the Instituto Tecnológico de Mexicali. Based on the results obtained from this research, it can be seen that the students of the systems engineering career of the Technological Institute of Mexicali, consider themselves to be enthusiastic about information and communication technologies, such as interactive multimedia services, and they wish to use these technologies, as an area of opportunity we discovered that this technology is not currently used in the systems engineering career of the Technological Institute of Mexicali, nor in other academic departments, the students surveyed show that they know these technologies and that they would recommend them as a means to improve the learning, besides that they consider these technologies reliable.
The Ecological Cluster as an Energy Transition Engine
Authors: Imane Nya , Mina Elgraini
Published: February 2020

The occurrence of successive economic crises, strong competitive pressures, and the degradation of natural and ecological resources are some of the major threats that make energy transition the new holy grail of the 21st century. This awareness of the urgency of the situation opens of the possibility for adopting an alternative approach - one of alliances, partnerships, and cooperation within the framework of exchange and sharing. This is, as Harari put it, the secret of the success of man. It can contribute sure to the goal of sustainable economic development. In line with this, new organizational forms have emerged, with the restructuring of the economy, integration of the principles of sustainable development, and development of renewable energies and clean technologies. These so-called Cleantech ecosystems, clusters focused on sustainable development projects, serve the dual function of at once contributing to economic growth and the attractiveness of an economy for investors and preserving the environment.
Effectiveness of Active Confinement Techniques with Steel Ribbons: Masonry Buildings
Authors: Ferretti Elena
Published: February 2020

In the present paper, we analyzed the main advantages of the active confinement techniques with a particular focus on the CAM system, which is an Italian reinforcement technique with pre-tensioned stainless steel ribbons. Italian seismic codes classify the CAM system as belonging to the strengthening category of “horizontal and vertical ties”. Therefore, we compared the CAM system to the reinforcement techniques with horizontal and vertical ties in order to understand the actual similarities and possible differences between them. Moreover, we offered a deep analysis of the main critical issues of the CAM system, distinguishing between geometrical and mechanical weak-points. In particular, we analyzed the strengthening mechanism of the CAM system, still poorly understood, by performing a static analysis in the Mohr/Coulomb plane. Finally, we provided suggestions for future developments.
Performance Analysis of Coded Frequency Division Multiplexing
Authors: Farhan Mhnd
Published: February 2020

This paper studies the performance of coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system using two modulation techniques, quadrature phase shift keying(QPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM). The convolutional code is used as error-correcting-code. The communication channel used is vehicular channel. Simulation results show that the performance of coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system with QPSK is better than that with QAM
Virtual Learning Environments Practices, in the students of System Engineering of the Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico, Campus Mexicali
Authors: Ocampo Jesus Francisco Gutierrez , Perez Corina Araceli Ortiz , Camaño M.C. Jose Antonio Quevedo
Published: February 2020

The virtual learning environment is not just about taking a course and placing it on a computer, it deals with a combination of resources, interactivity, support and activities of structured learning. To carry out this process it is necessary to know the possibilities and limitations that the computer support or virtual platform offers us, so that the students achieve their study objective more adequately, for that reason its use is studied in the students of computer systems engineering career of the Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico, Campus Mexicali.
Optical Solitons and Demonstration of Its Application
Authors: Hayrapetyan Aleksandr
Published: February 2020

Solitons are structurally stable solitary waves that propagate in a nonlinear medium. In this paper, solitons will be considered as the basis for solving many classical nonlinear equations of motion. Some classical solutions that were modeled through the application of Wolfram Mathematica System and MATLAB programming language. In this paper some soliton solutions will also be compared and some types of solitons were modeled.The dynamics of solitons was studied in consideration of solutions of some equations, such as the Korteweg - de Vries equation and as a particular solution for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation provided that the nonlinearity parameter R>0 in the equation. We concluded by showing solitons in more detail which are often used in practice as a simpler method for explaining complex phenomena and solving non-classical equations
Identification of the Tourism Risks for Z-Value Based Risk Assessment
Authors: Nuriyev A. M.
Published: February 2020

The growing importance of the tourism sector to the global economy contributes to the increase of research in tourism risks assessment. In view of this tendency, the results of research in the field of the risk analysis on tourists’ travels in various countries during the last decades have been analyzed. Commonly used in these studies statistical methods allow to reveal and identify country-specific tourism risks and threats. But it is necessary to underline that relevant statistical data on risks are available not in all cases and countries. Moreover, in most cases, the reliability of the information available is questionable. In order to improve the reliability and quality of the tourist risk assessment, it is proposed to consider tourist travel as a project. The proposed project approach to tourist risk analysis provides an opportunity to go beyond assessment based on available country-specific inferior statistical data and allows to develop a more flexible and versatile method for risk evaluation. Common risk factors and sub-factors for tourists were identified for further risk assessment using suggested by L. Zadeh Z-number. A bi-component Z-number Z = (A, B) with perception-based and imprecise parts A and B, allows taking into account the reliability of the information. Risk experts deal with the prediction like this one “very likely that the level of threat N is medium” or “extremely likely that this factor is very important”. This prediction can be formalized as a Z-number based evaluation and a pack of Z-valuations is considered as Z-information. Experts evaluate identified risk factors and sub-factors and their importance weight using Z-numbers.
Real Time Data
Authors: Rama Arlind , Vika Ilir
Published: February 2020

Interpretation of exchange rate volatility in the light of economic fundamentals comprises an issue of interest for policymakers when it comes to implementing the monetary policy. Understanding the impact of economic news on the Lek exchange rate against two main hard currencies, Euro and US dollar, would serve to better orient the monetary policy and forex market agents positioning in time. Exchange rates volatility on economic news in short-term is an often discussed phenomenon in the economic literature, but through this material we tend to measure these effects in the Albanian foreign currency market and contribute in the literature interpreting foreign currency markets volatility in developing economies. Very often, domestic foreign exchange movements are attributed to developments in large international markets. In the case of Albanian Lek volatility analysis, we tend to find answers regarding the importance of economic news coming from the two main economies in focus, Eurozone and the US. Furthermore, we investigate the importance of the economic information flow in Albania in determining the Lek exchange rate against Euro and US dollar. For a period in focus from January 2007 until July 2012, we try to understand if the exchange rate volatility has been a result of economic fundamentals or financial markets stress related economic news.
Step by Step for Social Innovation with Neuro-Fuzzy Modelling
Authors: Somosi Mariann Veresné , Varga Krisztina , Kocziszky György
Published: February 2020

Innovation as the key element of economic development is a crucial factor in social processes. Technical innovations can be identified as prerequisites and causes of social change and cannot be created without the renewal of society. Technological and economic innovations cannot respond to all social challenges. Natural and material resources are becoming more and more scarce, so it is necessary to use investment assets as efficiently as possible, maximizing social and economic efficiency. It is a major task to address the backwardness of social disparities and to create opportunities for catching up in peripheral regions.The aim of our study is to identify the local level of catching-up opportunities that arise from social innovation efforts, and model values for other disadvantaged areas. The investigated solution is presented as a case study after a structured analysis of the local initiatives of the settlement. In addition to examining the prominent role of local actors and networks, we present the process of social innovation, the framework conditions that determine systemic functioning, as well as the social needs, potentials and barriers that determine social innovation efforts.The study identifies the social, economic and political challenges associated with social needs in peripheral regions, as well as proposals for solutions based on neuro-fuzzy modelling that can be adapted to other disadvantaged areas. Exploring solutions and innovative structures and collaborations provides an opportunity to demonstrate the role of the social innovation process in local-level catching-up initiatives.
International Insertion Quality: the European Union (EU-27) Case
Authors: Terán-Yépez Eduardo , Guerrero-Mora Andrea
Published: February 2020

.This research has a double aim. On the one hand, to introduce the International Insertion Quality (IIQ) construct. On the other hand, to present a classification of the European Union (EU-27) countries to establish which of them have a better IIQ. For this purpose, first, the IIQ construct is presented. Second, the evolution of the exports technological intensity degree of the EU-27 countries between the periods 2001-2003 and 2015-2017 is analyzed. Then, the evolution of the exports' diversification degree, both, by products and by destination markets in the same periods, is studied. This allows to observe in perspective the qualitative changes that have taken place between the two reference periods. In addition, a classification matrix of countries according to their quality of insertion in international trade is presented. The results allow arguing that Germany and France are the countries that have a higher IIQ. Also, there are nations that have a high technological content, but moderate markets diversification and/or products concentration; and other countries that have geographical and/or goods diversification, despite the fact that their exports contain a medium-low-level of technological intensity. This research allows concluding which EU-27 countries should work on their commercial policies to encourage the diversification of their exports and/or the development of products with greater technological content.
Career Management Peculiarities in Educational Institutions
Authors: Paresashvili Nino , Nikvashvili Maia
Published: February 2020

Education is the most important component of career planning. Proper education allows the individual to have a strong foundation for a future successful career. It is interesting what are the peculiarities of career management in education field? Thus, our article deals with a comparative analysis between the education field, of career management and the public sector and private sector employers.We have formulated the following hypotheses: Hypothesis HP1: Have you ever participated in qualification raising courses with the help of the organization (without or with financing) that were related specifically to your work to perform? (Q)7 affects the forms of raising qualifications by the respondents – as an individual and as a group (Q8), also whether they were promoted after upgrading the qualification (Q9); Hypothesis HP2: (Q13) Vertical and horizontal career growth of employees affects a respondent's career movements inside and outside the organization (Q14)Hypothesis HP3: Employment Field Q1 affects Have you heard whether your colleague's career is moving forward with the help of other influential people? Q23. In educational institutions, the peculiarities of career growth have been highlighted, such as a high number of employees who were accepted at work by means of a job contest, lower expectations of career growth, which have reduced the desire to be employed in the field of education. The promotion of employees is not always objective, raising professional qualifications is not accompanied by work and career promotion and increase in wages. Our conclusions and recommendations will have a beneficial impact on improving the education sphere.
A Linear and Non-Linear Causality Analysis between Military Expenditures and External Debt in NATO Member Countries
Authors: Karagianni Stella , Pempetzoglou Maria
Published: February 2020

This paper deploys the linear and non-linear Granger causality methods in order to determine the causal relationship between military expenditures and external debt in NATO countries for the time period 1960-2015. Its innovative feature lies in the empirical application of the Francis et al. (2010) nonlinear causality test. To our knowledge, this is the first study to employ the specific test in order to explore the existence of potential nonlinear links between military spending and debt. The empirical results indicate the existence of linearity in the cases of Greece, Italy, UK and USA and the existence of nonlinearity in the cases of Turkey and USA. The paper aims to provide valuable input to the regulators and decision makers.
The Sources of Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Growth Accounting Approach
Authors: Nkoro Emeka , Uko Aham Kelvin
Published: February 2020

The study investigated the sources of growth in Nigeria for the period 1960 to 2017 using the growth accounting framework of the standard neoclassical production function.Specifically, the study focused on evaluating the contribution of capital, labour and total factor productivity to economic growth in Nigeria. Additionally, in order to establish the relationship between capital, labour and total factor productivity, and economic growth, correlation coefficients between the variables were estimated. The results correlation analysis showed that the growths of capital, labour and total factor productivity were positively correlated with economic growth. Furthermore, the results from the growth accounting framework revealed that capital was found to be the major driver of economic growth in Nigeria during the entire period, 1961-2017. In the case of the sub-periods, capital was the major driver of economic growth in Nigeria during the first sub-period, 1961-1980. However, during the period, 1981-2000, labour was the major driver of economic growth, followed by capital while TFP growth contribution deteriorated as it was negative. Also, TFP was the major driver of economic growth during the period 2001-2017. Based on the foregoing, the study therefore recommends that, policies that encourage physical capital, human capital and technological development through domestic and foreign investments should be adopted, nurtured, sustained and intensified, noting that capital, human capital and technological development are key to economic growth and development.
Disruptive Innovation on Competition Law: Regulation Issues of Online Transportation in Indonesia
Authors: Fajar Mukti , Zwerenz Dirk , Setianingrum Reni Budi
Published: February 2020

Disruptive innovation such as online transportation business is a leap of innovations of in services that triggered chaos in field of competition law. The emergence of new cumbent with its disruptive innovation has disturbed the market that dominated by the incumbent. This chaos cannot be overcome by the same legal approach because it has a different business model, in fact, it also happened in Indonesia. This study aims to: (a) reviewing whether disruptive innovation infringes the principles and provisions of competition law and; (b) identifying and evaluating various regulations regarding online transportation in Indonesia. The method of this research is normative legal research, which examines various legal principles, legal theories, and legislation. Findings of this study are; First, disruptive innovation is not an unlawful act because it does not infringe any provisions in the competition law. And also, this innovation is not contravene with the public order; its using new business platforms that are different from old business models. Second, Indonesian government has regulated this disruptive innovation by issuing regulation which has been sued for judicial review and amendment. Finally, Indonesian government has formulated an accommodative regulation format, i.e., online transportation is equalized to the specialized rental transportation.
Casino Industry in the Transition Economy of Georgia
Authors: Bolkvadze Besik
Published: February 2020

One of the most specific segments among the social-economic problems in the transition period of the market economy of Georgia is created by regulation of gambling (gambling business) and evaluation of its effect on a various part of society. Subsequently, the peculiar “triangle” is formed – “business – society – state” in which each of them has its interests, benefits and losses. One of the leading gambling businesses in the country is formed by the casino industry.The work deals with analysis and discussion of the role of casino industry and its importance in gambling business, objective and subjective factors of increase and development of the segment, effects of its positive and negative influence on stakeholders, fiscal determinants, financial-economic and social-economic problems of the sub-sector, proper recommendations have been developed on the basis of the theoretical and empirical analysis and conclusions.
Taxonomy of an Liot Device Based upon Production Functions
Authors: Hammerström Lennart , Carsten Giebe
Published: February 2020

In this essay, we develop a decision model for the economic impact of Industry 4.0 technologies/IIoT devices on established business processes by testing two hypotheses concerning a decision model based on production functions. New methods to aid in the design and modelling of production systems that are able to rapidly reconfigure and that are self-adaptive in response to disruption (both by humans and for automated systems) are required (Sanderson, Chaplin, - Ratchev, 2019).Mass customization, shorter product lifecycles, smaller production batches and higher production variability lead to the requirement for manufacturing systems to be rapidly reconfigurable and self-adaptive in response to disruption, We propose to recover and apply available and established techniques to evaluate and assess the rationale of technologies before they are implemented to improve the decision process. We consider the investment into IIoT devices from a microeconomic perspective as a long-run problem for companies and therefore consider those problems to be reviewed with adequate methodologies to build a consistent decision model. Investing into a factor (such as an IIoT device) is only economically reasonable as long as this factor produces a benefit, otherwise the investment infringes upon economic feasibility (Fandel 2005).
Analysis of the Digital Skills in the Eu Labor Market. a Case Study of the Banking Sector.
Authors: Folea Victoria , Folcut Ovidiu
Published: February 2020

The digitisation of the economy has been a global trend in the last decade and more significantly during the last five years. The European Union recognises that digitalisation changes the structure of the labour market, affecting employment and income distribution. Over the last ten years, digital technologies have entered more and more sectors of the European economy. Over 40% of EU workers have been involved in changing and/or replacing the technologies they use at work. Structural changes in the labour market in Europe are closely correlated with the very high demand for advanced digital skills in the coming years.This paper analyses the political, economic, socio-cultural and technological factors affecting the development of digital skills in the European Union (PEST analysis), with a focus on the banking sector.