bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PELAKSANAAN SUPERMIK PINTER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM MENYUSUN RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS KURIKULUM 2013 DI SMP BINAAN KOTA DUMAI
Authors: Yusnida Yusnida
Published: July 2019

Based on the problems faced by teachers in the preparation of the 2013 curriculum-based lesson plans, the purpose of this study is to improve the competence of teachers in preparing 2013 curriculum-based lesson plans by implementing supermic pinter. The design of this study used school action research conducted on 6 chemistry teachers in the target schools in Dumai. The results showed that the implementation of supermic pinter can improve teacher competence in preparing 2013 curriculum-based lesson plans, where in the first cycle the percentage of teacher competence was 60% with sufficient categories and increased to 84% with a very good category in cycle II. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the implementation of smart supermic can improve the competence of teachers in preparing plans for the implementation of 2013 curriculum-based learning in the Dumai City-assisted Middle School.
PELAKSANAAN SUPERVISI AKADEMIK PENGAWAS SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA GURU SEKOLAH DASAR DI KOTA DUMAI
Authors: Asniarny Asniarny
Published: July 2019

This research is motivated by poor teacher performance. For this reason the aim of this research is to improve teacher performance by carrying out academic supervision. This study uses a school action research design that has stages of planning, implementation, observation, reflection. This research was conducted at the target schools in Dumai city from March 4 to April 27. The subjects of this study were grade IV elementary school teachers totaling 11 people. Data analysis instruments use observation sheets that are analyzed and described according to the criteria set. The results showed that the teacher's performance in the first cycle had an average percentage of 65% with sufficient criteria, classically the number of teachers who achieved the indicator of success was 3 people (27%). After repairs with academic supervision, the performance of teachers in the second cycle increased with a percentage of 81% with sufficient criteria. Classically the number of teachers who achieved good performance was 9 people (81%). The conclusion of this study is the implementation of academic supervision can improve the performance of elementary school teachers in the city of Dumai.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU SMP DALAM MENYUSUN TES HASIL BELAJAR BERBASIS KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MELALUI SUPERVISI AKADEMIK
Authors: Suryani Leni
Published: July 2019

This research is motivated by the competence of teachers in preparing poor learning outcomes tests and has not been able to measure high-level thinking skills, especially critical thinking skills. Therefore the researcher seeks to improve teacher competence in compiling tests on student learning outcomes based on critical thinking skills through academic supervision. This study uses a school action research design that has stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. This research was conducted for 2 months starting April 9 to May 17, 2019 for Physics teachers in the 7 target schools. Data is sourced from interviews with teachers and test documents prepared by the teacher. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis through the stages of data collection, data simplification, data presentation, conclusion drawing. Data were analyzed using assessment rubrics adjusted to indicators of critical thinking skills. The results of this study conclude that teacher competence in preparing tests of learning outcomes based on critical thinking skills has increased from the first cycle with a percentage of 61% with sufficient categories to 76% with good categories in cycle II.
MALE BREAST CANCER – CURRENT DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES
Authors: Costin Tutovanu Andrei , Drăghici George , Oprescu Sorin Mircea
Published: July 2019

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease even though the incidence has increased in the last two decades. Although breast cancer most affects women, it may occur in males, being diagnosed at later stages. Men with BRCA 2 mutation have a higher risk of developing breast cancer than men in the general population. Diagnostic approaches recommendations are derived from established guidelines for breast cancer in women (FBC). A palpable mass is the most common symptom and the skeletal bones are the most common sites of metastatic recurrence in breast cancer. Male breast cancer remains an uncommon disease. Most studies on men with breast cancer are very rare. The current review was made with an aim to analyze the current diagnostic approaches of male breast cancer patients. Searches were carried out on three electronic databases (Pubmed, Medscape, ScienceDirect) using the title term “Diagnosis of male breast cancer”.
Abdominal wall augmentation techniques used in complex postincisional hernias repair
Authors: Ristea Roxana Florina , Ion Daniel , Bolocan Alexandra , Palade Radu
Published: July 2019

One of the most common unwanted consequence of abdominal surgery is the development of an incisional hernia. It occurs in up to 20% or more of laparotomies [1], [2]. Complex defects of the abdominal wall may also be caused by infection, trauma or tumor resection [3]. Complex and recurrent defects of the abdominal wall represents a challenging surgical and a socio-economic problem due to the time and material expenses [2]. Besides the aesthetic disfigurement those defects may also lead to functional consequences with poor protection of the intra-abdominal viscera [4]. Various surgical approaches can be used in hernia repair in an open fashion or minimally invasive  laparoscopic or robotic techniques.

Mesh herniorrhaphy was demonstrated to be superior to suture repair alone, with a recurrence rate of 32% compared with 63% in long-term follow-up, in spite of the advances made in mesh materials, surgical technique and perioperative care [1].

Regardless the approach, the tension-free repair remain the basis of modern herniology [5].
Therapeutic molecules targeting the malignant B cell microenvironment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Ene Georgiana , Vladareanu Ana Maria , Bumbea Horia
Published: July 2019

Although valuable advances have been made in the hematological field over the past years, most of the B-cell malignancies remain incurable, as malignant B cells retain the ability to respond to a variety of microenvironment signals, providing additional opportunities in the development of therapeutic interactions. The role that the microenvironment has in the natural history of malignant B cell of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) appears to favor the development of new treatment modalities aimed at interrupting the interaction between malignant B cells and microenvironment. At this moment, the therapeutic approaches whose target is the CLL microenvironment or the signaling pathways associated with CLL microenvironment are one of the most important therapeutic strategy. Interactions taking place within the tumor microenvironment are targeted by multiple clinical trials, and preliminary results are favorable. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a size of complexity because leukemic cells are grown and protected by anti-cancer therapies by the components constituting the tumor microenvironment in lymphoid organs (e.g., endothelial cells, dendritic cells (CD), T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), monocyte-derived nurse-like cells (NLC))[1] Current standard therapy in CLL combines chemotherapy with an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. This combination induces substantial toxicity and is not curative, as most patients relapse. Recent advances using kinase inhibitors, such as ibrutinib and idelalisib or BCL2 signaling inhibitors e.g Venetoclax, indicate a major change promising to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia without chemotherapy. At present, these therapeutic agents do not provide complete responses and should be administered continuously by the patient in order to avoid recurrence/relapse of the disease. Resistance to ibrutinib has already been detected in patients with high genetic risk. [2] This problem requires the identification of therapies that combine agents with distinct mechanisms of action.
Ejemplo
Authors: Villa Cárdenas Esteban Homero
Published: July 2019

Este es un ejemplo de autor
FAKTOR YANG DIPERTIMBANGKAN KONSUMEN DALAM MELAKUKAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK PADA PT LONG TIME BATAM
Authors: Herman Hendri
Published: July 2019

This study aims to look at the factors that influence consumer decisions in making purchases. The object of research is PT Long Time Batam, with a population of 135 people. calculation of the number of samples using the Slovin formula, so that the number of samples obtained is 100 respondents. from the results of the study note that the promotion has a significant influence on purchasing decisions. The effect of promotion on consumer decisions in making purchases is 42.2%
ANALISIS CURRENT RATIO, DEBT TO TOTAL ASSET RATIO,DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO, DAN NET PROFIT MARGIN TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN FOOD AND BEVERAGE YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Wangdra Suvianto
Published: July 2019

The aim of this research is  to determine the effect of the variables Current Ratio, Debt to Total Asset Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Net Profit Margin to the stock prices of food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Echange for the period 2013-2017. The population in this research included food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique on this research used was Purposive Sampling based on the following criteria: (1) Food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, (2) Food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange which provide complete annual financial reports from 2013-2017, (3) Food and beverage companies that provide financial statements in Rupiah. By using purposive sampling, a total sample of 12 companies were acquired with a total of 60 observations. The data analysis technique used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. Result show that Current Ratio, Debt to Total Asset Ratio,and Debt to Equity Ratio don’t have significant effect in stock prices of companies. Meanwhile, Net Profit Margin has a significant effect in stock prices of companies.
Pengaruh Sanksi Perpajakan Dan Pemahaman Wajib Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Dalam Membayar Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor Di Kota Batam
Authors: Efriyenty Dian
Published: July 2019

Motor vehicles every year always increase in Batam City. However, the increase in the number of motorized vehicles was not accompanied by an increase in taxpayer compliance. This research was conducted to examine the effect of taxpayer awareness, taxation sanctions and understanding of taxpayers on taxpayer compliance of individuals in paying motor vehicle tax in Batam City. This research was carried out at the SAMSAT Batam Center Riau Islands Office. The number of samples in this study were 100 respondents with the sampling method using the accidental sampling method. The results of the study showed that the taxpayer awareness variable partially did not affect taxpayer compliance. Variable tax sanctions partially have a significant effect on taxpayer compliance. Taxpayer understanding variables partially have a significant effect on taxpayer compliance.

  Keywords: Tax Sanctions; Understanding Of Taxpayers; Taxpayer Compliance.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN FASILITAS TERHADAP KEPUASAN PENGGUNA PERPUSTAKAAN (DI POLITEKNIK NEGERI BATAM)
Authors: Gunartik Gunartik , Nainggolan Nora Pitri
Published: July 2019

The library is a place that becomes a service provider that contains information. Independent variables in this study are service quality and facilities, the dependent variable is library user satisfaction. This study aims to study the quality of services and facilities for library user satisfaction. by using primary data and secondary data, data collection techniques by distributing questionnaires. The population in this study were students using the Business Administration (AB) library in 2018 in the last three months, namely July, August, September as many as 3208 people. The sample in this study amounted to 100 taken using probability sampling techniques with random sampling method. The results of the study stated that valid and reliable, normal, did not occur Multicollinearity and Heteroscedasticity. The results of the F Test show that the quality of service and facilities have a positive and significant effect on the satisfaction of library users. the results of the T Test show that the value of service quality has a positive and significant effect on user satisfaction. while facilities have a positive and significant effect on user satisfaction.
Laser Absorption Sensing Systems: Challenges, Modeling, and Design Optimization
Authors: Wang Zhenhai , Fu Pengfei , Chao Xing
Published: July 2019

Laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) is a promising diagnostic method capable of providing high-bandwidth, species-specific sensing, and highly quantitative measurements. This review aims at providing general guidelines from the perspective of LAS sensor system design for realizing quantitative species diagnostics in combustion-related environments. A brief overview of representative detection limits and bandwidths achieved in different measurement scenarios is first provided to understand measurement needs and identify design targets. Different measurement schemes including direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS), wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS), and their variations are discussed and compared in terms of advantages and limitations. Based on the analysis of the major sources of noise including electronic, optical, and environmental noises, strategies of noise reduction and design optimization are categorized and compared. This addresses various means of laser control parameter optimization and data processing algorithms such as baseline extraction, in situ laser characterization, and wavelet analysis. There is still a large gap between the current sensor capabilities and the demands of combustion and engine diagnostic research. This calls for a profound understanding of the underlying fundamentals of a LAS sensing system in terms of optics, spectroscopy, and signal processing.
Medical Augmented-Reality Visualizer for Surgical Training and Education in Medicine
Authors: Gierwiało Radosław , Witkowski Marcin , Kosieradzki Maciej , Lisik Wojciech , Groszkowski Łukasz , Sitnik Robert
Published: July 2019

This paper presents a projection-based augmented-reality system (MARVIS) that supports the visualization of internal structures on the surface of a liver phantom. MARVIS is endowed with three key features: tracking of spatial relationship between the phantom and the operator’s head in real time, monoscopic projection of internal liver structures onto the phantom surface for 3D perception without additional head-mounted devices, and phantom internal electronic circuit to assess the accuracy of a syringe guidance system. An initial validation was carried out by 25 medical students (12 males and 13 females; mean age, 23.12 years; SD, 1.27 years) and 3 male surgeons (mean age, 43.66 years; SD, 7.57 years). The validation results show that the ratio of failed syringe insertions was reduced from 50% to 30% by adopting the MARVIS projection. The proposed system suitably enhances a surgeon’s spatial perception of a phantom internal structure.
Analysis of the Moment Method and the Discrete Velocity Method in Modeling Non-Equilibrium Rarefied Gas Flows: A Comparative Study
Authors: Yang Weiqi , Tang Shuo , Yang Hui
Published: July 2019

In the present study, the performance of the moment method, in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency, was evaluated at both the macro- and microscopic levels. Three different types of non-equilibrium gas flows, including the force-driven Poiseuille flow, lid-driven and thermally induced cavity flows, were simulated in the slip and transition regimes. Choosing the flow fields obtained from the Boltzmann model equation as the benchmark, the accuracy and validation of Navier–Stokes–Fourier (NSF), regularized 13 (R13) and regularized 26 (R26) equations were explored at the macroscopic level. Meanwhile, we reconstructed the velocity distribution functions (VDFs) using the Hermite polynomials with different-order of molecular velocity moments, and compared them with the Boltzmann solutions at the microscopic level. Moreover, we developed a kinetic criterion to indirectly assess the errors of the reconstructed VDFs. The results have shown that the R13 and R26 moment methods can be faithfully used for non-equilibrium rarefied gas flows in the slip and transition regimes. However, as indicated from the thermally induced case, all of the reconstructed VDFs are still very close to the equilibrium state, and none of them can reproduce the accurate VDF profile when the Knudsen number is above 0.5.
Mechanism of the Formation of Electronically Excited Species by Oxidative Metabolic Processes: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Pospíšil Pavel , Prasad Ankush , Rác Marek
Published: July 2019

It is well known that biological systems, such as microorganisms, plants, and animals, including human beings, form spontaneous electronically excited species through oxidative metabolic processes. Though the mechanism responsible for the formation of electronically excited species is still not clearly understood, several lines of evidence suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the formation of electronically excited species. This review attempts to describe the role of ROS in the formation of electronically excited species during oxidative metabolic processes. Briefly, the oxidation of biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids by ROS initiates a cascade of reactions that leads to the formation of triplet excited carbonyls formed by the decomposition of cyclic (1,2-dioxetane) and linear (tetroxide) high-energy intermediates. When chromophores are in proximity to triplet excited carbonyls, the triplet-singlet and triplet-triplet energy transfers from triplet excited carbonyls to chromophores result in the formation of singlet and triplet excited chromophores, respectively. Alternatively, when molecular oxygen is present, the triplet-singlet energy transfer from triplet excited carbonyls to molecular oxygen initiates the formation of singlet oxygen. Understanding the mechanism of the formation of electronically excited species allows us to use electronically excited species as a marker for oxidative metabolic processes in cells.
Unfolding Crease Patterns Inspired by Insect Wings and Variations of the Miura-ori with a Single Vein
Authors: Houette Thibaut , Gjerde Eric , Gruber Petra
Published: July 2019

In many disciplines, professionals are interested in folding patterns for their packing and shape changing capabilities. Many insects have folded wings fitting to their body morphology that can unfold to fly, support their weight and withstand external forces. This paper focuses on the main characteristics emerging from folding patterns inspired and adapted from both insect wings and Miura-ori patterns, along with the actuation mechanism. Pneumatic actuators, similar to the venations on insect wings, are used to unfold these patterns. Depending on one vein’s placement, its inflation can unfold models with many creases. While a single vein cannot fold the model back, a snapping behavior, observed in some folding patterns, could be used to trigger the folding mechanism of a model. By presenting the characteristics of each folding pattern studied in this work, one could come forth with an application and choose the most efficient folding patterns based on the most suitable characteristics for this application. These folding patterns can then be optimized to address specific requirements by adapting their different parameters.
Conduct Disorder-Related Hospitalization and Substance Use Disorders in American Teens
Authors: Masroor Anum , Patel Rikinkumar S. , Bhimanadham Narmada N. , Raveendran Sanjeetha , Ahmad Naveed , Queeneth Uwandu , Pankaj Amaya , Mansuri Zeeshan
Published: July 2019

Objective: Our study aimed to compare the demographic characteristics of conduct disorder (CD) inpatients versus other psychiatric inpatients in children and adolescents, and assess the association between conduct disorder patients and the spectrum of substance use disorders (SUD). Methods: We included 800,614 psychiatric adolescent (12–18 years) inpatients, and this included 8885 inpatients (1.1%) primarily for conduct disorder in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2010–2014). ICD-9 codes were used to detect SUD, and a logistic regression model was used to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) for SUD in conduct disorder inpatients. Results: A higher proportion of conduct disorder inpatients were of 12–15 years of age (62.6%), male (64.4%), and White (45.7%). The lower median household income was correlated with a higher prevalence of conduct disorder (36.4%). Among SUD, cannabis use (23.7%) was most prevalent in conduct disorder inpatients followed by tobacco and alcohol use (10.1% each). Conduct disorder inpatients have 1.7-fold higher odds (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.52–1.82) for alcohol use and 1.4-fold higher odds (95% CI 1.31–1.49) for cannabis use compared to the non-conduct disorder inpatients. Cannabis use was seen significantly in adolescents (49.1%, 12–15 years), male (75.6%), and African Americans (45.6%). Conclusion: Conduct disorder inpatients have a higher risk of comorbid SUD compared to other psychiatric illnesses. The most common substance to be abused is cannabis followed by tobacco and alcohol. Varying pattern of substance use was seen by demographics and these predictors may help the clinicians for early diagnosis and treatment to improve overall health-related quality of life.
Mitochondria in Health and Disease
Authors: Annesley Sarah J. , Fisher Paul R.
Published: July 2019

Mitochondria are best known as the sites for production of respiratory ATP and are essential for eukaryotic life. They have their own genome but the great majority of the mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome and are imported into the mitochondria. The mitochondria participate in critical central metabolic pathways and they are fully integrated into the intracellular signalling networks that regulate diverse cellular functions. It is not surprising then that mitochondrial defects or dysregulation have emerged as having key roles in ageing and in the cytopathological mechanisms underlying cancer, neurodegenerative and other diseases. This special issue contains 12 publications—nine review articles and three original research articles. They cover diverse areas of mitochondrial biology and function and how defects in these areas can lead to disease. In addition, the articles in this issue highlight how model organisms have contributed to our understanding of these processes.
Identifying microRNAs and Their Editing Sites in Macaca mulatta
Authors: Wang Qingyi , Zhao Zhigang , Zhang Xiaotuo , Lu Chenyu , Ren Shuchao , Li Shipeng , Guo Junqiang , Liao Peiran , Jiang Bingbing , Zheng Yun
Published: July 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are critical in post-transcriptional regulation. Macaca mulatta is an important nonhuman primate that is often used in basic and translational researches. However, the annotation of miRNAs in Macaca mulatta is far from complete, and there are no reports of miRNA editing events in Macaca mulatta, although editing may affect the biogenesis or functions of the miRNAs. To improve miRNA annotation and to reveal editing events of miRNAs in Macaca mulatta, we generated 12 small RNA profiles from eight tissues and performed comprehensive analysis of these profiles. We identified 479 conserved pre-miRNAs that have not been reported in Macaca mulatta and 17 species specific miRNAs. Furthermore, we identified 3386 editing sites with significant editing levels from 471 pre-miRNAs after analyzing the 12 self-generated and 58 additional published sRNA-seq profiles from 17 different types of organs or tissues. In addition to 16 conserved A-to-I editing sites, we identified five conserved C-to-U editing sites in miRNAs of Macaca mulatta and Homo sapiens. We also identified 11 SNPs in the miRNAs of Macaca mulatta. The analysis of the potential targets of 69 miRNAs with editing or mutation events in their seed regions suggest that these editing or mutation events severely changed their targets and their potential functions. These results significantly increase our understanding of miRNAs and their mutation/editing events in Macaca mulatta.
Importance of Blade-Coating Temperature for Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based Thin-Film Transistors
Authors: Park Jun-Ik , Jeong Hyeon-Seok , Kim Do-Kyung , Jang Jaewon , Kang In Man , Lang Philippe , Kim Yun-Hi , Kim Hyeok , Bae Jin-Hyuk
Published: July 2019

In this work, the effect of blade-coating temperature on the electrical properties of a conjugated donor–acceptor copolymer containing diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) was systematically analyzed. The organic semiconductor (OSC) layers were blade-coated at various blade-coating temperatures from room temperature (RT) to 80 °C. No remarkable changes were observed in the thickness, surface morphology, and roughness of the OSC films as the blade-coating temperature increased. DPP-based TFTs exhibited two noticeable tendencies in the magnitude of field-effect mobility with increasing blade-coating temperatures. As the temperature increased up to 40 °C, the field-effect mobility increased to 148% compared to the RT values. On the contrary, when the temperature was raised to 80 °C, the field-effect mobility significantly reduced to 20.9% of the mobility at 40 °C. These phenomena can be explained by changes in the crystallinity of DPP-based films. Therefore, the appropriate setting of the blade-coating temperature is essential in obtaining superior electrical characteristics for TFTs. A blade-coating temperature of 40 °C was found to be the optimum condition in terms of electrical performance for DPP-based TFTs.
A Photovoltaic Greenhouse with Variable Shading for the Optimization of Agricultural and Energy Production
Authors: Moretti Simona , Marucci Alvaro
Published: July 2019

The cultivation of plants in greenhouses currently plays a role of primary importance in modern agriculture, both for the value obtained with the products made and because it favors the development of highly innovative technologies and production techniques. An intense research effort in the field of energy production from renewable sources has increasingly led to the development of greenhouses which are partially covered by photovoltaic elements. The purpose of this study is to present the potentiality of an innovative prototype photovoltaic greenhouse with variable shading to optimize energy production by photovoltaic panels and agricultural production. With this prototype, it is possible to vary the shading inside the greenhouse by panel rotation, in relation to the climatic conditions external to the greenhouse. An analysis was made for the solar radiation available during the year, for cases of completely clear sky and partial cloud, by considering the 15th day of each month. In this paper, the results show how the shading variation enabled regulation of the internal radiation, choosing the minimum value of necessary radiation, because the internal microclimatic parameters must be compatible with the needs of the plant species grown in the greenhouses.
A Digitization and Conversion Tool for Imaged Drawings to Intelligent Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID)
Authors: Kang Sung-O , Lee Eul-Bum , Baek Hum-Kyung
Published: July 2019

In the Fourth Industrial Revolution, artificial intelligence technology and big data science are emerging rapidly. To apply these informational technologies to the engineering industries, it is essential to digitize the data that are currently archived in image or hard-copy format. For previously created design drawings, the consistency between the design products is reduced in the digitization process, and the accuracy and reliability of estimates of the equipment and materials by the digitized drawings are remarkably low. In this paper, we propose a method and system of automatically recognizing and extracting design information from imaged piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) drawings and automatically generating digitized drawings based on the extracted data by using digital image processing techniques such as template matching and sliding window method. First, the symbols are recognized by template matching and extracted from the imaged P&ID drawing and registered automatically in the database. Then, lines and text are recognized and extracted from in the imaged P&ID drawing using the sliding window method and aspect ratio calculation, respectively. The extracted symbols for equipment and lines are associated with the attributes of the closest text and are stored in the database in neutral format. It is mapped with the predefined intelligent P&ID information and transformed to commercial P&ID tool formats with the associated information stored. As illustrated through the validation case studies, the intelligent digitized drawings generated by the above automatic conversion system, the consistency of the design product is maintained, and the problems experienced with the traditional and manual P&ID input method by engineering companies, such as time consumption, missing items, and misspellings, are solved through the final fine-tune validation process.
Electric Vehicles as Flexibility Management Strategy for the Electricity System—A Comparison between Different Regions of Europe
Authors: Taljegard Maria , Göransson Lisa , Odenberger Mikael , Johnsson Filip
Published: July 2019

This study considers whether electric vehicles (EVs) can be exploited as a flexibility management strategy to stimulate investments in and operation of renewable electricity under stringent CO2 constraints in four regions with different conditions for renewable electricity (Sweden, Germany, the UK, and Spain). The study applies a cost-minimisation investment model and an electricity dispatch model of the European electricity system, assuming three types of charging strategies for EVs. The results show that vehicle-to-grid (V2G), i.e., the possibility to discharging the EV batteries back to grid, facilitates an increase in investments and generation from solar photovoltaics (PVs) compare to the scenario without EVs, in all regions except Sweden. Without the possibility to store electricity in EV batteries across different days, which is a technical limitation of this type of model, EVs increase the share of wind power by only a few percentage points in Sweden, even if Sweden is a region with good conditions for wind power. Full electrification of the road transport sector, including also dynamic power transfer for trucks and buses, would decrease the need for investments in peak power in all four regions by at least 50%, as compared to a scenario without EVs or with uncontrolled charging of EVs, provided that an optimal charging strategy and V2G are implemented for the passenger vehicles.
Modeling Average Pressure and Volume Fraction of a Fluidized Bed Using Data-Driven Smart Proxy
Authors: Ansari Amir , Mohaghegh Shahab D. , Shahnam Mehrdad , Dietiker Jean-François
Published: July 2019

Simulations can reduce the time and cost to develop and deploy advanced technologies and enable their rapid scale-up for fossil fuel-based energy systems. However, to ensure their usefulness in practice, the credibility of the simulations needs to be established with uncertainty quantification (UQ) methods. The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has been applying non-intrusive UQ methodologies to categorize and quantify uncertainties in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of gas-solid multiphase flows. To reduce the computational cost associated with gas-solid flow simulations required for UQ analysis, techniques commonly used in the area of artificial intelligence (AI) and data mining are used to construct smart proxy models, which can reduce the computational cost of conducting large numbers of multiphase CFD simulations. The feasibility of using AI and machine learning to construct a smart proxy for a gas-solid multiphase flow has been investigated by looking at the flow and particle behavior in a non-reacting rectangular fluidized bed. The NETL’s in house multiphase solver, Multiphase Flow with Interphase eXchanges (MFiX), was used to generate simulation data for the rectangular fluidized bed. The artificial neural network (ANN) was used to construct a CFD smart proxy, which is able to reproduce the CFD results with reasonable error (about 10%). Several blind cases were used to validate this technology. The results show a good agreement with CFD runs while the approach is less computationally expensive. The developed model can be used to generate the time averaged results of any given fluidized bed with the same geometry with different inlet velocity in couple of minutes.
Acute and Cumulative Effects of Haze Fine Particles on Mortality and the Seasonal Characteristics in Beijing, China, 2005–2013: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study
Authors: Li Yi , Zheng Canjun , Ma Zhiqiang , Quan Weijun
Published: July 2019

We observed significant effects of particulate matter (PM2.5) on cause-specific mortality by applying a time-stratified case-crossover and lag-structure designs in Beijing over a nine-year study period (2005–2013). The year-round odds ratio (OR) was 1.005 on the current day with a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 for all-cause mortality. For cardiovascular mortality and stroke, the ORs were 1.007 and 1.008 on the current day, respectively. Meanwhile, during a lag of six days, the cumulative effects of haze on relative risk of mortality, respiratory mortality and all-cause mortality was in the range of 2~11%. Moreover, we found a significant seasonal pattern in the associations for respiratory mortality: significant associations were observed in spring and fall, while for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cardiac and stroke, significant associations were observed in winter. Moreover, increasing temperature would decrease risks of mortalities in winter taking fall as the reference season. We concluded that in summer, temperature acted as a direct enhancer of air pollutants; while in winter and spring, it was an index of the diameter distribution and composition of fine particles.
Child-to-Parent Violence: Attitude towards Authority, Social Reputation and School Climate
Authors: Del Moral Gonzalo , Suárez-Relinque Cristian , Callejas Juan E. , Musitu Gonzalo
Published: July 2019

Research into child-to-parent violence (CPV) has focused mainly on the description of individual and family variables of adolescents. It is observed that the school context has received little attention despite being a context of development of great importance. In order to deepen the understanding in this field, the objective of this study was to analyze the relationships between child-to-parent violence (CPV) and the attitude towards authority, social reputation and school climate. A total of 2101 Spanish adolescents (50.1% males and 49.9% females) from 13 to 18 years participated. A multivariate factorial design (MANOVA, 3 × 3) was carried out using as independent variables CPV level and age. It was found that adolescents with high CPV presented lower values of positive attitude towards institutional authority (PATIA) and school climate (involvement, friendships and teacher’s help), and higher values of positive attitude towards the transgression of social norms (PATTSN) and of perceived and ideal non-conformist social reputation (PNCSR and INCSR, respectively). Younger participants obtained the highest PATIA scores and lowest of PNCSR and the 15–16 years age group obtained the highest scores in PATTSN and INCSR. Adolescents aged 17–18 years show the highest scores in involvement and teacher’s help. Also, three interaction effects were found and indicated that there is an improvement in attitudinal and school adjustment indicators according to the age, except in ideal non-conformist social reputation, which has important practical implications.
Anthropometric Profile of Soccer Players as a Determinant of Position Specificity and Methodological Issues of Body Composition Estimation
Authors: Leão César , Camões Miguel , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Nikolaidis Pantelis Theo , Lima Ricardo , Bezerra Pedro , Rosemann Thomas , Knechtle Beat
Published: July 2019

The aim of the present study was (a) to describe the anthropometric profile of a large group of soccer players based on different age groups and their playing positions on the field, and (b) to examine the variations of body composition among adult soccer players using diverse equations based on skinfold thickness. A total of 618 Greek soccer players who were grouped by age (i.e., 12–14, 14–16, 16–18, and 18–37 years) and playing position (i.e., goalkeeper, defender, midfielder, and forward) were evaluated for weight, height, and skinfolds. The Pařízková formula was used to estimate the percentage of body fat. Furthermore, for players who were 18 years or older the Reilly and Evans formulas was used to estimate the percentage of body fat. Independent of the age, in this large sample, goalkeepers presented higher values for weight, height and the percentage of body fat estimation as compared with other field positions. An anthropometric pattern was observed in each tactical position, namely, across a specific age of increasing maturation process (14–16 years). With the Pařízková formula, we found a mean (SD) range of variation in the percentage of body fat estimation between 4.87 ± 1.46 and 5.51 ± 1.46 as compared with the Evans formula. The same pattern of differences was found when the Reilly equation was considered. In conclusion, we observed a position specificity of anthropometric characteristics across different age categories. Additionally, the same data supported different validated equations which resulted in large differences in the final outcome estimations.
Training and Evaluation of Human Cardiorespiratory Endurance Based on a Fuzzy Algorithm
Authors: Cheng Jui-Chuan , Chiu Chao-Yuan , Su Te-Jen
Published: July 2019

Cardiorespiratory endurance refers to the ability of the heart and lungs to deliver oxygen to working muscles during continuous physical activity, which is an important indicator of physical health. Cardiorespiratory endurance is typically measured in the laboratory by maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) which is not a practical method for real-life use. Given the relative difficulty in measuring oxygen consumption directly, we can estimate cardiorespiratory endurance on the basis of heart beat. In this paper, we proposed a fuzzy system based on the human heart rate to provide an effective cardiorespiratory endurance training program and the evaluation of cardiorespiratory endurance levels. Trainers can respond correctly with the help of a smart fitness app to obtain the desired training results and prevent undesirable events such as under-training or over-training. The fuzzy algorithm, which is built for the Android mobile phone operating system receives the resting heart rate (RHR) of the participants via Bluetooth before exercise to determine the suitable training speed mode of a treadmill for the individual. The computer-based fuzzy program takes RHR and heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise as inputs to calculate the cardiorespiratory endurance level. The experimental results show that after 8 weeks of exercise training, the RHR decreased by an average of 11%, the HRR increased by 51.5%, and the cardiorespiratory endurance evaluation level was also improved. The proposed system can be combined with other methods for fitness instructors to design a training program that is more suitable for individuals.
Factors Underlying Unmet Medical Needs: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yoon Young Suk , Jung Boyoung , Kim Dongsu , Ha In-Hyuk
Published: July 2019

Unmet medical needs refer to the state where a patient’s medical care or service is insufficient, inadequate, or lacking. Numerous factors influence unmet medical needs. We used a multi-pronged approach to explore the factors influencing unmet medical needs in the Korean health care system according to Anderson’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use. To this end, we used data from 11,378 adults over 19 years old in the 2016 Korea Health Panel Survey and performed multiple logistic regression analyses. The odds of experiencing unmet medical needs were significantly greater among older participants (odds ratio (OR) = 2.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.78–3.56); low-income participants (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.14–1.75); non-workers (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.06–1.46); those who had received non-covered treatment (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.08–1.42); those who did not regularly exercise (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.02–1.48); and those experiencing pain (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.97–2.66), worse self-rated health status (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.89–2.79), and severe depression (OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.39–4.35). About one in ten Korean citizens (11.60%) have unmet medical service needs. Policies that strengthen coverage for physically and economically vulnerable groups are needed.
Health Behaviors as a Mediator of the Association Between Interpersonal Relationships and Physical Health in a Workplace Context
Authors: Dinis Maria Alzira Pimenta , Sousa Helder Fernando Pedrosa , Moura Andreia de , Viterbo Lilian M. F. , Pinto Ricardo J.
Published: July 2019

The etiology of diseases is multifactorial, involving genetic, environmental, and lifestyle-related behaviors. Considering the pathway that involves behavioral processes, a huge body of empirical evidence has shown that some healthy behaviors such as non-smoking, any or moderate alcohol consumption, a healthy diet, (e.g., fruit and vegetable intake), and physical activity, decrease the risk of disease and mortality. This study aimed to explore the potential mediating effect of combined health behaviors on the association between interpersonal relationships and physical health in a Brazilian adult worker population from the Occupational Health Service within the oil industry in Bahia, Brazil. The sample included 611 workers, of which 567 (92.8%) were males and 44 (7.2%) females, age ranging from 18 to 73 years (M = 41.95; SD = 8.88). The significant predictors of physical health were interpersonal relationships and health behaviors. Health behaviors contributed significantly to a reduction in the effect of interpersonal relationships on physical health outcomes. As far as it is known, there has been no prior work in Brazil that simultaneously examined the best predictors of physical health in oil workers using this conceptual model. Interventions in the workplace environment need to consider health behavior as a mediator between interpersonal relationships and physical health, aligned in a global psychosocial approach to health at work.
In Vitro Entero-Capillary Barrier Exhibits Altered Inflammatory and Exosomal Communication Pattern after Exposure to Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Kasper Jennifer Y. , Hermanns M. Iris , Kraegeloh Annette , Roth W. , Kirkpatrick C. James , Unger Ronald E.
Published: July 2019

The intestinal microvasculature (iMV) plays multiple pathogenic roles during chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The iMV acts as a second line of defense and is, among other factors, crucial for the innate immunity in the gut. It is also the therapeutic location in IBD targeting aggravated leukocyte adhesion processes involving ICAM-1 and E-selectin. Specific targeting is stressed via nanoparticulate drug vehicles. Evaluating the iMV in enterocyte barrier models in vitro could shed light on inflammation and barrier-integrity processes during IBD. Therefore, we generated a barrier model by combining the enterocyte cell line Caco-2 with the microvascular endothelial cell line ISO-HAS-1 on opposite sides of a transwell filter-membrane under culture conditions which mimicked the physiological and inflamed conditions of IBD. The IBD model achieved a significant barrier-disruption, demonstrated via transepithelial-electrical resistance (TER), permeability-coefficient (Papp) and increase of sICAM sE-selectin and IL-8. In addition, the impact of a prospective model drug-vehicle (silica nanoparticles, aSNP) on ongoing inflammation was examined. A decrease of sICAM/sE-selectin was observed after aSNP-exposure to the inflamed endothelium. These findings correlated with a decreased secretion of ICAM/E-selectin bearing exosomes/microvesicles, as evaluated via ELISA. Our findings indicate that aSNP treatment of the inflamed endothelium during IBD may hamper exosomal/microvesicular systemic communication.
Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Composition at Species Level and Gut Microbiota Diversity in Infants before 6 Weeks
Authors: Yang Bo , Chen Yingqi , Stanton Catherine , Ross R. Paul , Lee Yuan-Kun , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei
Published: July 2019

Our objective was to investigate the effects of different delivery and feeding modes on the gut microbiota composition of early infants with special emphasis on Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus profiles at species level. 16S rRNA V3-V4 regions, bifidobacterial, and lactobacilli groEL genes from infant feces were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. Gut microbiota abundance was significantly different, where standard vaginally delivered (SVD) and breast-fed (BF) groups were higher in comparison with caesarean section (CS), milk-powder-fed (MPF), and mixed-fed (MF) groups. The genus unclassified Enterobacteriaceae was dominant, followed by Bifidobacterium, which was highly abundant in SVD and BF groups. The dominant Bifidobacterium species in all groups were B. longum subsp. longum, B. longum subsp. infantis and B. animalis subsp. lactis. B. dentium and the diversity of Bifidobacterium in SVD and BF groups were significantly higher. For Lactobacillus profiles, L. rhamnosus and L. gasseri were dominant among all the groups, while Lactobacillus species in CS and MPF groups were more diverse. Functional predictions showed significant differences between delivery mode and feeding groups, such as phosphotransferase system as well as taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. In early infants with different delivery and feeding methods, gut microbiota—particularly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli communities—showed significant differences, with strong implications for physiological functions.
The Effect of Switchback Parameters on Root Pass Formation of Butt Welds with Variable Gap
Authors: Almeida Hélio Antônio Lameira de , Teixeira Felipe Ribeiro , Mota Carlos Alberto Mendes da , Scotti Américo
Published: July 2019

Root pass manufacturing in automated welding is still a challenge when the backing plate is not feasible. Using the concept of bead formation in an original way, the GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) switchback technique was assessed against linear movement as a means of facing this challenge. Experimental work was applied, keeping the process parametrization and joint configuration, so that only the switchback parameters were modified, i.e., the stroke lengths and speeds. Thermography was used to estimate the effect of the switchback parameters on bead formation. The results showed the potential of the switchback technique as a means of favoring weld pool control. Surprisingly, the operational gap range is not necessarily larger when switchback is applied. The strong influence of stroke lengths and speeds on the process performance was characterized. In general, the results showed that linear movement leads to larger pools and deeper penetrations, more adequate for gaps with no clearances. Shorter stroke lengths and slower stroke speeds (intermediate pool size) better suit root gaps that are not too wide, while longer stroke lengths and faster stroke speeds (smaller pool size, more easily sustainable) are applicable to larger root gaps.