bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slope Stability Analysis of Unsaturated Soil Slopes Based on the Site-Specific Characteristics: A Case Study of Hwangryeong Mountain, Busan, Korea
Authors: Kang Sinhang , Lee Seung-Rae , Cho Sung-Eun
Published: April 2020

Shallow slope failures occur almost every year during the rainy season. Continuous observation of the meteorological parameters and hydrological characteristics is required to more clearly understand the triggering mechanisms of shallow slope failure. In addition, influential factors, such as type of relative permeability models, air flow, and variation of hydraulic conductivity associated with stress–strain behavior of soil, have significant effects on the actual mechanism of rainfall infiltration. Real-time data including hourly rainfall and pore water pressure in response to rainfall was recorded by devices; then, the change in pore pressure from the devices was compared to the results from the infiltration analysis with applications of three relative permeability models, air flow, and the coupled hydro-mechanical analysis to examine an appropriate site-specific approach to a rainfall infiltration analysis. The infiltration and stability analyses based on the site-specific hydrologic characteristics were utilized to create maps of safety factors that depend on the cumulative rainfall. In regions vulnerable to landslides, rainfall forecast information and safety factor maps built by applying various rainfall scenarios can be useful in preparing countermeasures against disasters during the rainy season.
A Study on the Cause of Layered Seawater Intrusion in the Daqing River Estuary of Liaodong Bay, China
Authors: Zhu Shumei , Zhou Zhifang , Guo Qiaona , Ma Jun
Published: April 2020

Groundwater over-pumping in estuary cities leads to a series of groundwater environmental problems that seriously restricts economic development. On the basis of field investigation and long-term monitoring data analysis, a three-dimensional numerical model was built in the estuary of the Daqing River in Liaodong Bay, China. The Quaternary overburden can be generalized into five layers according to particle composition and parameters in the vertical direction. There are many scattered irrigation wells pumping in the second layer, and three water source areas mainly pumping groundwater in the fourth layer. Long-term over-pumping in multi-layered aquifers causes onshore layered seawater intrusion. The laws of layered intrusion under the layered pumping were calculated and analyzed with SEAWAT-2000, and the sensitivity was analyzed with the Sobol method. Results showed that the intrusion area had an obvious layered law. Layered pumping directly affected the layered intrusion area, as different permeability, tide and barrage further affected it. The prediction study showed that the cone of depression recovered after the pumping-limit of water source areas, and the intrusion area started to retreat in the fourth layer. At that time, the pumping quantity of irrigation wells became the main reason for the increase of the intrusion area. If the water source areas are used to bear part of the irrigation demand, so as to reduce the pressure of pumping in the second layer, the overall intrusion area can be reduced by about 0.23 km2 under the same pumping quantity.
ContextPCA: Predicting Context-Aware Smartphone Apps Usage Based On Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Sarker Iqbal H. , Abushark Yoosef B. , Khan Asif Irshad
Published: April 2020

This paper mainly formulates the problem of predicting context-aware smartphone apps usage based on machine learning techniques. In the real world, people use various kinds of smartphone apps differently in different contexts that include both the user-centric context and device-centric context. In the area of artificial intelligence and machine learning, decision tree model is one of the most popular approaches for predicting context-aware smartphone usage. However, real-life smartphone apps usage data may contain higher dimensions of contexts, which may cause several issues such as increases model complexity, may arise over-fitting problem, and consequently decreases the prediction accuracy of the context-aware model. In order to address these issues, in this paper, we present an effective principal component analysis (PCA) based context-aware smartphone apps prediction model, “ContextPCA” using decision tree machine learning classification technique. PCA is an unsupervised machine learning technique that can be used to separate symmetric and asymmetric components, and has been adopted in our “ContextPCA” model, in order to reduce the context dimensions of the original data set. The experimental results on smartphone apps usage datasets show that “ContextPCA” model effectively predicts context-aware smartphone apps in terms of precision, recall, f-score and ROC values in various test cases.
An Improved Multi-Objective Evolutionary Approach for Aerospace Shell Production Scheduling Problem
Authors: Wang Qing , Wang Xiaoshuang , Luo Haiwei , Xiong Jian
Published: April 2020

To certain degree, multi-objective optimization problems obey the law of symmetry, for instance, the minimum of one objective function corresponds to the maximum of another objective. To provide effective support for the multi-objective operation of the aerospace product shell production line, this paper studies multi-objective aerospace shell production scheduling problems. Firstly, a multi-objective optimization model for the production scheduling of aerospace product shell production lines is established. In the presented model, the maximum completion time and the cost of production line construction are optimized simultaneously. Secondly, to tackle the characteristics of discreteness, non-convexity and strong NP difficulty of the multi-objective problem, a knowledge-driven multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is designed to solve the problem. In the proposed approach, structural features of the scheduling plan are extracted during the optimization process and used to guide the subsequent optimization process. Finally, a set of test instances is generated to illustrate the addressed problem and test the proposed approach. The experimental results show that the knowledge-driven multi-objective evolutionary algorithm designed in this paper has better performance than the two classic multi-objective optimization methods.
Attentive Gated Graph Neural Network for Image Scene Graph Generation
Authors: Li Shuohao , Tang Min , Zhang Jun , Jiang Lincheng
Published: April 2020

Image scene graph is a semantic structural representation which can not only show what objects are in the image, but also infer the relationships and interactions among them. Despite the recent success in object detection using deep neural networks, automatically recognizing social relations of objects in images remains a challenging task due to the significant gap between the domains of visual content and social relation. In this work, we translate the scene graph into an Attentive Gated Graph Neural Network which can propagate a message by visual relationship embedding. More specifically, nodes in gated neural networks can represent objects in the image, and edges can be regarded as relationships among objects. In this network, an attention mechanism is applied to measure the strength of the relationship between objects. It can increase the accuracy of object classification and reduce the complexity of relationship classification. Extensive experiments on the widely adopted Visual Genome Dataset show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Convergence Assessment of the Trajectories of a Bioreaction System by Using Asymmetric Truncated Vertex Functions
Authors: Rincón Alejandro , Florez Gloria Yaneth , Olivar Gerard
Published: April 2020

In several open and closed-loop systems, the trajectories converge to a region instead of an equilibrium point. Identifying the convergence region and proving the asymptotic convergence upon arbitrarily large initial values of the state variables are regarded as important issues. In this work, the convergence of the trajectories of a biological process is determined and proved via truncated functions and Barbalat’s Lemma, while a simple and systematic procedure is provided. The state variables of the process asymptotically converge to a compact set instead of an equilibrium point, with asymmetrical bounds of the compact sets. This convergence is rigorously proved by using asymmetric forms with vertex truncation for each state variable and the Barbalat’s lemma. This includes the definition of the truncated V i functions and the arrangement of its time derivative in terms of truncated functions. The proposed truncated function is different from the common one as it accounts for the model nonlinearities and the asymmetry of the vanishment region. The convergence analysis is valid for arbitrarily large initial values of the state variables, and arbitrarily large size of the convergence regions. The positive invariant nature of the convergence regions is proved. Simulations confirm the findings.
General Multiplicative Zagreb Indices of Graphs with a Small Number of Cycles
Authors: Alfuraidan Monther R. , Vetrík Tomáš , Balachandran Selvaraj
Published: April 2020

We present lower and upper bounds on the general multiplicative Zagreb indices for bicyclic graphs of a given order and number of pendant vertices. Then, we generalize our methods and obtain bounds for the general multiplicative Zagreb indices of tricyclic graphs, tetracyclic graphs and graphs of given order, size and number of pendant vertices. We show that all our bounds are sharp by presenting extremal graphs including graphs with symmetries. Bounds for the classical multiplicative Zagreb indices are special cases of our results.
A New Method to Support Decision-Making in an Uncertain Environment Based on Normalized Interval-Valued Triangular Fuzzy Numbers and COMET Technique
Authors: Faizi Shahzad , Sałabun Wojciech , Ullah Samee , Rashid Tabasam , Więckowski Jakub
Published: April 2020

Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) plays a vibrant role in decision-making, and the characteristic object method (COMET) acts as a powerful tool for decision-making of complex problems. COMET technique allows using both symmetrical and asymmetrical triangular fuzzy numbers. The COMET technique is immune to the pivotal challenge of rank reversal paradox and is proficient at handling vagueness and hesitancy. Classical COMET is not designed for handling uncertainty data when the expert has a problem with the identification of the membership function. In this paper, symmetrical and asymmetrical normalized interval-valued triangular fuzzy numbers (NIVTFNs) are used for decision-making as the solution of the identified challenge. A new MCDM method based on the COMET method is developed by using the concept of NIVTFNs. A simple problem of MCDM in the form of an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the calculation procedure and accuracy of the proposed approach. Furthermore, we compare the solution of the proposed method, as interval preference, with the results obtained in the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal solution (TOPSIS) method (a certain preference number).
Reduced Linear Constrained Elastic and Viscoelastic Homogeneous Cosserat Media as Acoustic Metamaterials
Authors: Grekova Elena F. , Porubov Alexey V. , dell’Isola Francesco
Published: April 2020

We consider the reduced constrained linear Cosserat continuum, a particular type of a Cosserat medium, for three different material behaviors or symmetries: the isotropic elastic case, a special type of elastic transversely isotropic case, and the isotropic viscoelastic case. Such continua, in which stresses do not work on rates of microrotation gradients, behave as acoustic metamaterials for the (pure) shear waves and also for one branch of the mixed wave in the considered anisotropic material case. In elastic media, those waves do not propagate for frequencies exceeding a certain threshold, whence these media exhibit a single negative acoustic metamaterial behavior in this range. In the isotropic viscoelastic case, dissipation destroys the bandgap and favors wave propagation. This curious effect is, probably, due to the fact that the bandgap is associated not with the dissipation, but with the wave localization which can be destroyed by the viscosity. The dispersion curve is now decreasing in some part of the former bandgap, above a certain frequency, whence the medium is a double negative acoustic metamaterial. We prove the existence of a boundary wavenumber in the viscoelastic case and estimate its value. Below the characteristic frequency corresponding to the boundary of the elastic bandgap, the wave attenuation (logarithmic decrement) is a growing function of the viscous dissipation parameter. Above this frequency, the attenuation decreases as the viscosity increases.
Natural Occurrence of Deoxynivalenol and Its Acetylated Derivatives in Chinese Maize and Wheat Collected in 2017
Authors: Yan Pianpian , Liu Zhezhe , Liu Shiqiao , Yao Liyun , Liu Yan , Wu Yongning , Gong Zhiyong
Published: April 2020

Deoxynivalenol (DON), along with 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON), occur in grains and cereal products and is often hazardous to humans and livestock. In this study, 579 wheat samples and 606 maize samples intended for consumption were collected from China in 2017 and analyzed to determine the co-occurrence of type-B trichothecenes (DON, 3-ADON, and 15-ADON). All the wheat samples tested positive for DON, while 99.83% of the maize samples were DON-positive with mean DON concentrations of 165.87 and 175.30 μg/kg, respectively. Per the Chinese standard limits for DON, 3.63% of wheat and 2.97% of the maize samples were above the maximum limit of 1000 μg/kg. The DON derivatives (3-ADON and 15-ADON) were less frequently found and were present at lower levels than DON in wheat. 3-ADON and 15-ADON had incidences of 13.53% and 76.40%, respectively, in maize. By analyzing the distribution ratio of DON and its derivatives in wheat and maize, DON (95.51%) was the predominant toxin detected in wheat samples, followed by 3.97% for the combination of DON + 3-ADON, while DON + 3-ADON + 15-ADON and DON + 15-ADON were only found in 0.17% and 0.35% of wheat samples, respectively. Additionally, a large amount of the maize samples were contaminated with DON + 15-ADON (64.19%) and DON (22.11%). The samples with a combination of DON + 3-ADON and DON + 3-ADON + 15-ADON accounted for 1.32% and 12.21%, respectively. Only one maize sample did not contain all three mycotoxins. Our study shows the necessity of raising awareness of the co-occurrence of mycotoxin contamination in grains from China to protect consumers from the risk of exposure to DON and its derivatives.
Adsorption of Deoxynivalenol (DON) from Corn Steep Liquor (CSL) by the Microsphere Adsorbent SA/CMC Loaded with Calcium
Authors: Shalapy Ahmed , Zhao Shuangqing , Zhang Chenxi , Li Yifei , Geng Hairong , Ullah Sana , Wang Gang , Huang Shujian , Liu Yang
Published: April 2020

The occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON) in animal feed is a serious issue for the livestock industry. Approaches using mycotoxin adsorbents are key to decreasing mycotoxin carryover from contaminated feed to animals. In this paper, a novel functional microsphere adsorbent comprising an alginate/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium composite loaded with calcium (SA/CMC-Ca) was prepared by an emulsification process to adsorb DON from polluted corn steep liquor (CSL) containing DON at a concentration of 3.60 μg/mL. Batch experiments were conducted under different experimental conditions: CSL volumes, reaction times, desorption times, and microsphere recyclability. Results showed that 5 g of microspheres reacted with 5 mL of DON-polluted CSL for 5 min, the microspheres can be recycled 155 times, and the maximum DON adsorption for the microspheres was 2.34 μg/mL. During recycling, microspheres were regenerated by deionized water every time; after the microspheres were cleaned, DON in the deionized water was degraded by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 70 °C for 1 h at pH 12. The mechanism for physical adsorption and hydrogen bonding was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that the microsphere adsorbent SA/CMC-Ca adsorbs DON. Therefore, we suggest that using microsphere absorbents would be a possible way to address DON-contaminated CSL issues in animal feed.
Using Microcystin Gene Copies to Determine Potentially-Toxic Blooms, Example from a Shallow Eutrophic Lake Peipsi
Authors: Panksep Kristel , Tamm Marju , Mantzouki Evanthia , Rantala-Ylinen Anne , Laugaste Reet , Sivonen Kaarina , Tammeorg Olga , Kisand Veljo
Published: April 2020

Global warming, paired with eutrophication processes, is shifting phytoplankton communities towards the dominance of bloom-forming and potentially toxic cyanobacteria. The ecosystems of shallow lakes are especially vulnerable to these changes. Traditional monitoring via microscopy is not able to quantify the dynamics of toxin-producing cyanobacteria on a proper spatio-temporal scale. Molecular tools are highly sensitive and can be useful as an early warning tool for lake managers. We quantified the potential microcystin (MC) producers in Lake Peipsi using microscopy and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and analysed the relationship between the abundance of the mcyE genes, MC concentration, MC variants and toxin quota per mcyE gene. We also linked environmental factors to the cyanobacteria community composition. In Lake Peipsi, we found rather moderate MC concentrations, but microcystins and microcystin-producing cyanobacteria were widespread across the lake. Nitrate (NO3−) was a main driver behind the cyanobacterial community at the beginning of the growing season, while in late summer it was primarily associated with the soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration. A positive relationship was found between the MC quota per mcyE gene and water temperature. The most abundant variant—MC-RR—was associated with MC quota per mcyE gene, while other MC variants did not show any significant impact.
A Humanized Monoclonal Antibody Cocktail to Prevent Pulmonary Ricin Intoxication
Authors: Rong Yinghui , Pauly Michael , Guthals Adrian , Pham Henry , Ehrbar Dylan , Zeitlin Larry , Mantis Nicholas J.
Published: April 2020

PB10 IgG1, a monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against an immunodominant epitope on the enzymatic subunit (RTA) of ricin toxin (RT), has been shown to passively protect mice and non-human primates from an aerosolized lethal-dose RT challenge. However, it was recently demonstrated that the therapeutic efficacy of PB10 IgG1 is significantly improved when co-administered with a second MAb, SylH3, targeting RT’s binding subunit (RTB). Here we report that the PB10/SylH3 cocktail is also superior to PB10 alone when used as a pre-exposure prophylactic (PrEP) in a mouse model of intranasal RT challenge. The benefit of the PB10/SylH3 cocktail prompted us to engineer a humanized IgG1 version of SylH3 (huSylH3). The huPB10/huSylH3 cocktail proved highly efficacious in the mouse model, thereby opening the door to future testing in non-human primates.
A Review of the Impact of Mycotoxins on Dairy Cattle Health: Challenges for Food Safety and Dairy Production in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kemboi David Chebutia , Antonissen Gunther , Ochieng Phillis E. , Croubels Siska , Okoth Sheila , Kangethe Erastus K. , Faas Johannes , Lindahl Johanna F. , Gathumbi James K.
Published: April 2020

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that contaminate food and feed and have a significant negative impact on human and animal health and productivity. The tropical condition in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) together with poor storage of feed promotes fungal growth and subsequent mycotoxin production. Aflatoxins (AF) produced by Aspergillus species, fumonisins (FUM), zearalenone (ZEN), T-2 toxin (T-2), and deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by Fusarium species, and ochratoxin A (OTA) produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus species are well-known mycotoxins of agricultural importance. Consumption of feed contaminated with these toxins may cause mycotoxicoses in animals, characterized by a range of clinical signs depending on the toxin, and losses in the animal industry. In SSA, contamination of dairy feed with mycotoxins has been frequently reported, which poses a serious constraint to animal health and productivity, and is also a hazard to human health since some mycotoxins and their metabolites are excreted in milk, especially aflatoxin M1. This review describes the major mycotoxins, their occurrence, and impact in dairy cattle diets in SSA highlighting the problems related to animal health, productivity, and food safety and the up-to-date post-harvest mitigation strategies for the prevention and reduction of contamination of dairy feed.
Suppression of nbe-miR1919c-5p Expression in Nicotiana benthamiana Enhances Tobacco Curly Shoot Virus and Its Betasatellite Co-Infection
Authors: Du Jiang , Wu Rui , Liu Zhuoying , Sun Miao , Ghanem Hussein , Li Mingjun , Wu Gentu , Qing Ling
Published: April 2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding but functional RNA molecules of 21–25 nucleotides in length. MiRNAs play significant regulatory roles in diverse plant biological processes. In order to decipher the relationship between nbe-miR1919c-5p and the accumulations of tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) and its betasatellite (TbCSB) DNAs, as well as viral symptom development, we investigated the function of nbe-miR1919c-5p during TbCSV and TbCSB co-infection in plants using a PVX-and a TRV-based short tandem target mimic (STTM) technology. Suppression of nbe-miR1919c-5p expression using these two technologies enhanced TbCSV and TbCSB co-infection-induced leaf curling symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Furthermore, suppression of nbe-miR1919c-5p expression enhanced TbCSV and TbCSB DNA accumulations in the infected plants. Our results can advance our knowledge on the nbe-miR1919c-5p function during TbCSV and TbCSB co-infection.
Metabolomic Analysis of Cricket paralysis virus Infection in Drosophila S2 Cells Reveals Divergent Effects on Central Carbon Metabolism as Compared with Silkworm Bm5 Cells
Authors: Wang Luo-Luo , Swevers Luc , Van Meulebroek Lieven , Meeus Ivan , Vanhaecke Lynn , Smagghe Guy
Published: April 2020

High-throughput approaches have opened new opportunities for understanding biological processes such as persistent virus infections, which are widespread. However, the potential of persistent infections to develop towards pathogenesis remains to be investigated, particularly with respect to the role of host metabolism. To explore the interactions between cellular metabolism and persistent/pathogenic virus infection, we performed untargeted and targeted metabolomic analysis to examine the effects of Cricket paralysis virus (CrPV, Dicistroviridae) in persistently infected silkworm Bm5 cells and acutely infected Drosophila S2 cells. Our previous study (Viruses 2019, 11, 861) established that both glucose and glutamine levels significantly increased during the persistent period of CrPV infection of Bm5 cells, while they decreased steeply during the pathogenic stages. Strikingly, in this study, an almost opposite pattern in change of metabolites was observed during different stages of acute infection of S2 cells. More specifically, a significant decrease in amino acids and carbohydrates was observed prior to pathogenesis, while their abundance significantly increased again during pathogenesis. Our study illustrates the occurrence of diametrically opposite changes in central carbon mechanisms during CrPV infection of S2 and Bm5 cells that is possibly related to the type of infection (acute or persistent) that is triggered by the virus.
Histone Methyltransferase DOT1L Is Involved in Larval Molting and Second Stage Nymphal Feeding in Ornithodoros moubata
Authors: Gobl Julia , Kumar Sinha Deepak , Sima Radek , Perner Jan , Kopáček Petr , Valdés James J , Rego Ryan O. M. , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro
Published: April 2020

Epigenetic mechanisms have not been characterized in ticks despite their importance as vectors of human and animal diseases worldwide. Our investigation identifies and functionally characterizes the orthologue of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) binding methyltransferase enzyme, disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L) in Ornithodoros moubata (OmDOT1L), a soft tick vector for the relapsing fever pathogen Borrelia duttonii and the African swine fever virus. The OmDOT1L tertiary structure was predicted and compared to the Homo sapiens DOT1L which had been co-crystalized with SGC0946, a DOT1L-specific inhibitor. The amino acid residues crucial for SAM and SGC0946 binding conserved in most DOT1L sequences available, are also conserved in OmDOT1L. Quantitative PCR of Omdot1l during O. moubata life stages showed that transcripts were significantly upregulated in first-stage nymphs. O. moubata larvae exposed to SGC0946 displayed high mortality during molting to first-stage nymphs. Furthermore, a significant decrease in weight was observed in second-stage nymphs fed on recombinant OmDOT1L-immunized rabbits. In contrast, artificial blood feeding supplemented with SGC0946 did not affect survival and reproductive performance of adult female ticks. We concluded that OmDOT1L plays an essential role in the regulation of larval molting and the feeding of O. moubata second-stage nymphs.
Immunization with the H5N1 Recombinant Vaccine Candidate Induces High Protection in Chickens against Vietnamese Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Strains
Authors: Hoang Hang Thi Thu , Nguyen Chi Hung , Nguyen Ngan Thi Thuy , Pham An Dang , Nguyen Hang Thi Thu , Le Thanh Hoa , Tran Hanh Xuan , Chu Ha Hoang , Nguyen Nam Trung
Published: April 2020

Vietnam is one of the countries most affected worldwide by the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, which caused enormous economic loss and posed threats to public health. Over nearly two decades, with the antigenic changes in the diversified H5Ny viruses, the limited protective efficacy of the available vaccines was encountered. Therefore, it is necessary to approach a technology platform for the country to accelerate vaccine production that enables quick response to new influenza subtypes. This study utilized a powerful reverse genetics technique to successfully generate a recombinant H5N1 vaccine strain (designated as IBT-RG02) containing two surface proteins (haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)) from the HPAI H5N1 (A/duck/Vietnam/HT2/2014(H5N1)) of the dominant clade 2.3.2.1c in Vietnam during 2012–2014. Importantly, the IBT-RG02 vaccine candidate has elicited high antibody titres in chickens (geometric mean titre (GMT) of 6.42 and 6.92, log2 on day 14 and day 28 p.i., respectively). To test the efficacy, immunized chickens were challenged with the circulating virulent strains. As results, there was a high protection rate of 91.6% chickens against the virulent A/DK/VN/Bacninh/NCVD-17A384/2017 of the same clade and a cross-protection of 83.3% against A/duck/TG/NAVET(3)/2013 virus of clade 1.1. Our promising results showed that we can independently master the reverse genetics technology for generation of highly immunogenic vaccine candidates, and henceforth, it is a timely manner to reformulate avian influenza virus vaccines against variable H5 clade HPAI viruses in Vietnam.
Detection of Cyanotoxin-Producing Genes in a Eutrophic Reservoir (Billings Reservoir, São Paulo, Brazil)
Authors: Ribeiro Matheus S. F. , Tucci Andrea , Matarazzo Matheus P. , Viana-Niero Cristina , Nordi Cristina S. F.
Published: April 2020

CyanoHABs (cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms) are blooms of cyanobacteria capable of producing cyanotoxins, a large group of secondary metabolites that are toxic to most eukaryotes. In this work, the main aim was to evaluate the presence of multiple genes from each of the clusters responsible for biosynthesis of cyanotoxins (cylindrospermopsin, microcystin and saxitoxin) in total DNA obtained from sixteen environmental water samples by PCR. Microcystin gene mcyE was amplified in all analyzed samples. Among the cylindrospermopsin genes analyzed, only the cyrC gene was amplified from DNA obtained from three of sixteen samples. Of the three different saxitoxin genes analyzed, sxtB and sxtI were present in four and three of the sixteen samples studied, respectively, and sxtA did not show any positive result. Based on our results, we suggest caution when using only one gene from the full clusters responsible for biosynthesis of cyanotoxins, given that it may not be sufficient to confirm or exclude the toxigenic potential of a sample.
Ativismo judicial e a violência no campo:
Authors: Vieira Fernanda Maria da Costa , Lopes Vanessa Ferreira , Mendonça João Gabriel Coelho , Cavalcanti Gabriela Rigueira
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho pretende discutir o papel da Vara Agrária Federal de Minas Gerais em relação à reforma agrária no estado. Para tanto utilizará, dentre os processos obtidos após pesquisa empírica, o caso de Felisburgo, pois é o que apresenta elementos que o caracterizam como emblemático, na esteira do método indiciário proposto por Ginzburg. Ademais, Felisburgo evidencia a violência brutal ainda imposta contra aquelas e aqueles que lutam pela democratização de terras no país. Compreendemos assim, o judiciário segundo o conceito de campo, trazido por Bourdieu, a partir da evidenciação daquele como lócus de batalha, nesse caso, para que ocorra ou não a reforma agrária. Ressaltamos ainda a análise de discurso dos operadores do direito, em especial da vara em tela, que perpetuam a reprodução do que Warat destaca como “senso comum do jurista”, significando aqui concepção privatista e sacralizada da propriedade, o que impede a reforma agrária.
Purificação da nucleosídeo trifosfato difosfohidrolase 1 (NTPDase 1) antigênica de Leishmania infantum
Authors: Maia Ana Carolina Ribeiro Gomes , Detoni Michelle de Lima , Quellis Leonardo Ramos , Porcino Gabriane Nascimento , Marconato Danielle Gomes , Emídio Nayara Braga , Soldati Laura Lavorato , Messias Wagner Faria , Teixeira Anna Cecíllia Quirino , Marques Marcos José , Pinto Priscila de Faria , Vasconcelos Eveline Gomes
Published: April 2020

As NTPDases (nucleosídeo trifosfato difosfohidrolases) são enzimas que hidrolisam nucleosídeos di- e trifosfatados sob ativação de íons bivalentes. Uma atividade NTPDásica foi caracterizada em promastigotas de Leishmania infantum, um protozoário causador de leishmaniose visceral.Neste trabalho, a NTPDase 1 foi purificada de preparação de promastigotas usando como estratégia eletroforese em gel não-desnaturante e os detergentes deoxicolato de sódio e Triton X-100, os quais preservam a atividade fosfohidrolítica desta enzima. Após eletroforese, incubação do gel com ATP e inibidor de ATPases do tipo P permitiu a visualização de uma única banda com depósito branco de fosfato de cálcio. Esta banda ativa foi isolada e por SDS-PAGE e coloração pela prata foi identificada como polipeptídeos de 50 e 47 kDa. Por Western blot, os dois polipeptídeos foram reconhecidos pelo soro imune anti-LbB1LJ, o qual reconhece especificamente a porção N-terminal do domínio B de NTPDases 1 de Leishmania. Por espectrometria de massas, a identidade da NTPDase 1 foi confirmada pela identificação de seis peptídeos trípticos coincidentes com a NTPDase 1 anotada em seu genoma (NCBI gi|134068433), uma cobertura de 19% de sua sequência primária. As atividades ATPásica (555 ± 93 nmol Pi x mg-1 x min-1) e ADPásica (644 ± 38 nmol Pi x mg-1 x min-1) revelaram um índice de purificação de aproximadamente 62 vezes e uma razão de atividade ATPase/ADPase de aproximadamente 1, confirmando a efetividade desta estratégia para o isolamento da NTPDase 1 de promastigotas de L. infantum.
A ideia de linguagem como formas de vida em documentos linguísticos
Authors: El-Jaick Ana Paula Grillo , De Jesus Carlos Alexandre Gonçalves
Published: April 2020

Este artigo, fruto de uma pesquisa de Iniciação Científica, discute o termo Forma de vida [Lebensform] na obra do filósofo austríaco Ludwig Wittgenstein. Nosso objetivo mais geral foi mapear as ocorrências da expressão na obra do filósofo. Como objetivos específicos, quisemos rever interpretações já consagradas para o termo, com relação ao pensamento wittgensteiniano e, também, pensar outras possíveis vias hermenêuticas. Além disso, visamos entender esse conceito dentro da filosofia de Wittgenstein, principalmente em seu segundo momento. Dado que se trata de pesquisa conceitual, sua metodologia foi fundamentalmente bibliográfica. Nossa discussão se baseou estruturalmente no texto de Araceli Velloso (2003) “Formas de vida ou formas de vida?”, artigo resumitivo de sua tese de Doutorado defendida na Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio). Como resultado/conclusão, terminamos nossas linhas com mais perguntas do que respostas, conforme se espera de uma pesquisa em Filosofia da Linguagem, já que seu objetivo primeiro deve ser sempre o de fomentar o pensamento crítico.
Um estudo sobre a mecânica de árvores
Authors: Ribeiro Paula de Oliveira , Barros Marcelo Miranda
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo do comportamento mecânico de árvores 2D geradas por geometria fractal sujeitas a momentos ou forças horizontais concentradas nas extremidades livres. O modelo geométrico considerado é o da família de árvores autossimilares, ou seja, aquelas evoluídas a partir de proporções constantes pré-definidas. Tais proporções definem a quantidade de ramos filhos de cada ramo pai , a relação entre os comprimentos de pai e filhos e entre as larguras de pai e filhos . Com a variação de tais parâmetros é possível gerar uma infinidade de árvores, com diferentes características mecânicas. As propriedades mecânicas estudadas foram: momento fletor, tensão normal e energia de deformação elástica devidos à flexão. Estas propriedades foram estudadas sob dois pontos de vista: valores absolutos em cada ordem e relativos entre ordens consecutivas. Foi estudada também a energia elástica total nas árvores e em um cilindro de mesmo volume para efeito de comparação. Foi verificado que a estrutura ramificada é muito mais eficiente na absorção de energia. Uma possível aplicação deste trabalho é na geração de energia elétrica através da vibração de estruturas de árvores associadas a dispositivos piezoelétricos.
Usuários com crise hipertensiva triados pelo Sistema Manchester de Classificação de Risco em unidade de pronto atendimento
Authors: De Jesus Petrônio Barros Ribeiro , Silva Vinícius Freitas Pinto , Toti Ian Cesar Cardoso , Oliveira Henrique Ceretta , Lamas José Luiz Tatagiba
Published: April 2020

Introdução: O Sistema Manchester de Classificação de Risco é composto por fluxogramas com sinais e sintomas que possibilitam a classificação de risco, direcionando a priorização do atendimento médico. Não existe um fluxograma específico para a abordagem do usuário com crise hipertensiva, sendo utilizados os fluxogramas cujos sinais e sintomas são gerais e mais comumente encontrados em indivíduos em situações de urgência e emergência hipertensiva. Objetivo: identificar características clínicas de indivíduos com crise hipertensiva triados pelo Sistema Manchester de Classificação de risco em Unidade de Pronto Atendimento. Métodos: estudo descritivo, exploratório, com dados secundários, realizado com prontuários de indivíduos atendidos em Unidade de Pronto Atendimento no ano de 2014. A coleta foi realizada em 2015, sendo incluídos 370 prontuários de adultos e idosos com registro de pressão diastólica ≥ 120 mmHg, que caracteriza crise hipertensiva. Os dados foram organizados em planilhas do Microsoft Excel® e analisados pelo programa Statistical Analysis System (SAS) versão 9.4. Na análise descritiva, foram calculadas frequências e porcentagens, médias e desvio-padrão. Para comparar as características dos usuários em situação de urgência e emergência hipertensiva utilizou-se o teste “t” de Student para as variáveis quantitativas e o teste do qui-quadrado para estudar associações entre as variáveis qualitativas. Um valor de p<0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significante. Os resultados foram apresentados em tabelas. Resultados: a distribuição de crise hipertensiva foi mais incidente na faixa etária de 41 a 60 anos (52,4%). A emergência hipertensiva somou 5,14% do total de casos de crise hipertensiva, sendo que dentre estes a maioria dos indivíduos apresentou lesões cardíacas. As mulheres somaram 31,58% dos casos de emergência e os homens 68,42%. Considerando-se a totalidade de casos de crise hipertensiva, o valor médio da pressão arterial foi de 199,80/127,08 mmHg. As manifestações clínicas mal-estar, cefaleia e dor torácica mostraram-se estatisticamente significantes quando comparados os casos de urgência e emergência hipertensiva. Quando associada a ocorrência de crise hipertensiva com sexo, idade e valores pressóricos do usuário, os resultados apontaram similaridade com estudos semelhantes encontrados na literatura. Conclusão: os resultados desta investigação apresentam relevância para o enfermeiro responsável pelo acolhimento com classificação de risco, em unidades de pronto atendimento, na medida em que alertam para a importância de considerar os valores pressóricos e as manifestações clínicas que indicam crise hipertensiva no momento da triagem. Conhecer as características clínicas do indivíduo com crise hipertensiva poderá subsidiar este profissional para adequar a classificação de risco à gravidade dessa condição clínica nesse serviço.
Análise do uso e da ocupação da terra no município de Juiz de Fora dos anos de 1947 aos dias atuais
Authors: Barbosa Gustavo Amaral , Caramez Luciano Alves Soares , Zaidan Ricardo T.
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho traz uma apresentação do Projeto de Pesquisa de Iniciação Científica pela Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) intitulado Análise espaço-temporal da evolução do uso, ocupação da terra no município de Juiz de Fora dos anos de 1947 aos dias atuais, com o propósito de resgatar do meio físico para o digital a Planta Cadastral de Juiz de Fora e o Plano de Remodelação e Extensão da cidade, ambos de 1947, elaborados pelo urbanista José Otacílio Saboya Ribeiro. Em síntese, apresenta-se a metodologia de digitalização dos produtos cartográficos citados e, posteriormente, as possibilidades de análise a partir do banco de dados obtidos e dos dados processados no software ArcGIS 10.
Conhecendo os fatores que influenciam a entomofauna do Jardim Botânico da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora
Authors: Novato Thiago da Silva , Caiafa Luana , Da Silva Alexssandra Felipe , Brugiolo Sônia Sin Singer
Published: April 2020

O Jardim Botânico da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (JB-UFJF) é considerado o maior fragmento de mata atlântica urbano do mundo, e porta uma área de 845.000 m². Levando em consideração que fatores abióticos influenciam a entomofauna local e que este ambiente é voltado para ações em educação ambiental, foram demarcados três transectos no interior da mata e realizadas 12 coletas mensais em 2016. Um total de 5.459 insetos foram amostrados, subdivididos em oito ordens e 84 famílias com predominância Acidental, calculada pelo Índice de Dajoz. A presença de insetos na área de estudo pode estar relacionada com a complexidade ambiental, a qual é importante para a existência da maior diversidade, em decorrência das condições mais favoráveis como abrigo, local para forrageamento e reprodução influenciadas principalmente pela temperatura e pela umidade relativa do ar do JB-UFJF.
Asymmetry of Information in the Analysis of Socio-Economic Processes
Authors: Kislyakov A. N.
Published: April 2020

The work is aimed at solving the actual problem of analyzing the interaction of market participants. The degree of unpredictability of market participant’s behavior determines economic risks and manifests itself as a violation of information symmetry. Asymmetry is expressed in different degrees of awareness of groups of sellers and groups of buyers-users of the product about the state of the market, which determines the different behavioral moods and intentions of market participants. The possibility of using the Shannon entropy and fractal dimension indicators to assess the degree of ordering of relationships between groups of buyers and the results of their behavior is considered.This allows us to draw conclusions about the logic of relationships between the behavior of different clients. An iterative box-counting algorithm is used to determine the approximate value of the Minkowski fractal dimension.As a metric of distances between the signs of transactions of pairs of clients, the cosine distance can be used for the case of sparse data.It is shown how the fractal dimension will change in the case of observation of more stable relationships between groups of clients.
Federal Analysis of Economic Development of the Regions of Modern Russia
Authors: Smirnov V. V.
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the paper is studying the possibility of economic development of Russian regions in modern federal state. The research is based on a system approach using the methods of descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. The article revealed the incomprehension of federalism as a system tool of development of economy of Russian regions. The federation is related to a political keynote – the moment of power. At that, the priority of merism principles in structure of a state is emphasized, with simplification of national economy and strengthening the role of central authority and dependence of Russia on the technologies of economy capitalization, in favor of budget centralization. The paper shows the place of Russian economy in the world economy in the conditions of acceptance of capitalism as the basis of economic formation of society. Following the results of the federative analysis of economic development of Russian regions the attractor of federative framework – the Republic of Crimea and anti-attractor – the Republic of Dagestan were revealed. The Kaluga Region and Tambov Region were defined as the linking entities of the Federation, while the Nenets Autonomous District and Khanty-Mansy Autonomous Region – Yugra were defined as the separating ones. The results of the research expand the field of knowledge regarding federative framework of the state and point at the possibilities of its integrity maintenance in the course of dynamic economic development of the entities, by forming new competencies for managerial decision making regarding maintenance of stability of the balance of regional interests in internal and foreign policy.
URBAN ROLE OF THE LENINGRAD PALACES OF CULTURE OF THE FIRST THIRD OF THE XX CENTURY ON THE EXAMPLE OF PETROGRADSKY AND VASILEOROVSKY DISTRICTS
Authors: Dubrovina N.
Published: April 2020

In Russia, the experience of restoration of architectural monuments of the twentieth century totals only a few decades, and this process turned out to be complex and contradictory. It becomes obvious that, in comparison with the history of classical restoration, the “new heritage” requires the formation of its own restoration methodology. During the restoration and reconstruction of the Palaces of Culture of the first third of the twentieth century, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the building itself and the urban planning situation. The Palace of Culture, as a special type of building, must be studied in its historical environment. All Leningrad Culture Palaces are designed as important elements of urban planning regional centers. The placement of the Palace of Culture in the district structure was carefully selected based on the urban planning situation and with the aim of creating a new cultural and planning center, and in some cases, an urban ensemble. This paper discusses the design and contemporary urban importance of the Palaces of Culture of the era of the avant-garde of the Petrogradsky and Vasileostrovsky districts of Leningrad (modern St. Petersburg), namely the Lensoviet Palace of Culture and the Palace of Culture named after S. M. Kirov. It is established that the Palaces of Culture in question are important elements of the urban planning ensemble in the compositional and spatial framework of the city and / or part of the architectural and urban planning complex of buildings of regional significance.
Verb Phrase in Tamil
Authors: Kuppusamy C
Published: April 2020

The verb phrase is built up of a verb, which is the head of the construction. Verb occurs as predicate in the rightmost position of a clause. As a predicate it selects arguments (Ex. Subject, Direct object, Indirect object and Locative NPs) and assigns case to its arguments and adverbial adjuncts. Another syntactic property of verbs in Tamil is that they can govern subordinate verb forms. Verb occurring as finite verbs in clause final position can be complemented by non-finite verbs proceeding them. The latter with respect to the interpretation of tense or subject governs these non-finite forms, being subordinate to the finite verb form. If we follow the traditional idea of having a VP node for Tamil, then all the elements, except the subject NP, will have to be grouped under VP.
A Survey on Drug Discovery in Medical Application using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Palanisamy Jayasheelan , Malarvizhi S B , Shayamala D
Published: April 2020

Artificial intelligence is the one that is developed and used in all developing sectors. It is almost used in every field. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the term used to describe the use of computers and technology to simulate intelligent behavior, and critical thinking comparable to a human being.AI is also used in the medical field for various purposes. It has been concentrating on rare diseases that are still in the process to cure. It is also used to discover the drug for medical purposes. The four major things that AI that concentrate is identifying, discovering, speeding up, and diagnosing the disease. Cancer, neurology, cardiology, radiology are the disease where AI is used. Cancer is one such disease where AI is mostly used. Experts say that there is no future medical without AI. From the early stages, until now, AI has been developing steadily its growth in the future will be unexplainable. Moreover, it can be a replacement for humans also.
Comparative Study of Personal Law in India
Authors: Krishnaleela S
Published: April 2020

A woman was considered less than a full human, an object to be transferred by her male guardian. Though the turn in rights and behavior hasn’t quite corrected itself, women, possibly in a better place today than ever before -women are uniformly discriminated in India concerning all religions. Poly gamy forms a key basis for discrimination among Muslim women. In Christians, a wife can claim separation only on the adultery of the husband and his change of profession of Christianity to some other religion and marrying other women -There are different inheritance rules among the male and female Hindus. All this discrimination among the Indian women have to without any distinction be they Christian, Hindu, Muslim, Parsi, Sikh or Buddhist take what is best in all laws and frame a Uniform Civil Code - This article critically examines the uniform discrimination of women in India among Hindu, Muslim and Christian female marriage, Divorce and succession.