bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antifungal activity of methylxanthines based on their properties
Authors: Kobetičová Klára , Nábělková Jana , Ďurišová Kristýna , Šimůnková Kristýna , Černý Robert
Published: May 2021

Wood materials for construction purposes can be attacked by various wood-destroying fungi. An ideal wood-preserving substance is supposed to be environment- and health-friendly. For this reason, the effects of the most relevant and non-toxic methylxanthines, such as caffeine and its metabolites theobromine and theophylline, on fungal growth, together with their degradability related to their properties were analyzed in this study. Agar tests with four wood-destroying fungal species (Serpula lacrymans, Coniophora puteana, Gleophyllum sepiarium, and Trametes versicolor) were performed after 28 days of substance exposure. Caffeine exhibited a 100% inhibitive effect on fungal growth, contrary to theobromine, which was not effective in that respect. Theophylline exhibited variable effects on the analyzed fungi. The analysis of degradability indicated the persistence of caffeine and theobromine, but theophylline was degraded up to 34%. The relation of toxicity to chemical structure of studied methylxanthines indicated the dipole moment and lipophilicity as important parameters affecting the antifungal properties. Both caffeine and theophylline are suitable potential candidates for antifungal active substances.
Solubility parameters analysis of Eucalyptus urograndis kraft lignin
Authors: Ribeiro William C. O. , Lobosco Vinícius , Martinez Patrícia F. M.
Published: May 2021

Lignin has gained momentum as a renewable material because it is the largest natural source that can provide aromatic compounds in a wide range of applications. However, its heterogeneity in terms of high polydispersity molar mass distribution and variety of functional groups has limited the direct production of added-value lignin-derivatives. Among the alternatives to obtain more homogeneous lignin cuts is solvent fractionation. However, it is not well understood how different solvents influence lignin partition, and thus it is difficult to establish a rational solvent order to perform it. Thus, the purpose of this work was to understand Eucalyptus urograndis kraft lignin partition in organic solvents through the application of three solubility parameter theories: Hildebrand, Hansen (HSP), and Functional (FSP). Through the theories studied, FSP provided the best representation of lignin partition in organic solvents. In addition, the influence of solvents’ solubility parameters on lignin solubility was investigated by multiregression analyses, which revealed that only the polar solvent parameter showed statistical relevance to describe lignin solubility. The results of this work may contribute to the effective development of technical lignins’ fractionation, allowing the production of higher-value lignin derivatives, increasing the profitability of biorefineries, and establishing a sustainable bio-based economy.
Facial Muscles Reactions to Other Person’s Facial Expressions of Pain
Authors: Švegžda Algimantas , Stanikūnas Rytis , Augustinaitė Kristina , Bliumas Remigijus , Vaitkevičius Henrikas
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to record facial electromiograms (EMG) while subjects were viewing facial expressions of different pain levels (no-pain, medium pain and very painful) and to find objective criteria for measuring pain expressed in human’s face. The study involved 18 students with age 21 years. The magnitude of the EMG response of m. corrugator supercilii depended on voluntary performed facial pain expression in the subjects. EMG responses of voluntary performed facial pain expressions to mirrored pain reactions were detected at two time span intervals: 200–300 ms after stimulation in m. zygomaticus major, and 400–500 ms after stimulation in m. corrugator supercilii. These differences disappear after 1300 ms. In the second time interval, differences in EMG responses of both muscle groups occur 1600 ms after stimulus presentation, but disappear differently: 3100 ms after stimulation in m. zygomaticus major and 4000 ms in m. corrugator supercilii. Constant responding with “medium pain” expression when recognizing faces of different pain expressions have an effect on the voluntary EMG responses of individual subjects. Images with emotional expression “no pain” reduce m. corrugator supercilii activity and increase m. zygomaticus major activity for those observers.
Influence of cattle breed combinations on milk production: results of the Analysis of Variance
Authors: Paliy A.P. , Osipenko T.L. , Palii A.P.
Published: May 2021

One of the main factors in increasing the efficiency of milk production is the breed. No breed in the world would be ideal for a variety of conditions and technological processes. Besides, like any biological system, the breed is in continuous change. The breed of cattle largely determines both the level of milk production and the quality of milk. Therefore, to improve the quality of milk, it is necessary to establish the degree of influence of zootechnical and technological factors on the condition of milk components. Among genetic factors, the breed of animals and the breed combination have a significant influence. During the research, a one-way analysis of variance of the breed's influence and breed combinations on productive indicators has been analyzed. The factor "breed" and "breed combination" were used as the analyzed factor, and the protein content in milk and the yield of milk protein was used as the dependent factor. Based on one-way and multi-way ANOVA, the degree of influence of the factors under study was assessed. It has been established that the breed has a significant, both direct and combined with other factors, influence on the protein content in milk and the yield of milk protein. The level of the breed's direct influence on the protein content is 1.0%, on the milk protein yield - 1.7%. The factors "father" and "calving number" have the most substantial combined effect. Their influence levels are 1.8%, 1.4%, respectively, with a high level of reliability (P=0.999). The same factors most influence the milk protein yield as the protein content (the levels of influence are 1.9%, 1.3%, respectively) with a high level of reliability (P=0.999). As a result of analyzing the data on changes in protein content and milk protein yield in cows of different breed combinations, it can be concluded that this factor can describe 4.5% of the variability in protein content and 11.4% of milk protein yield (P=0.999). The degree of joint influence of breed combinations with other studied factors was up to 6.6%.
Aislamiento de ADN de alta calidad en Psidium guajava L. para estudios genómicos
Authors: Sánchez Elodia , Mora Newcomer Eric , Barrantes Santamaría Walter
Published: May 2021

Introducción. La guayaba es uno de los principales frutales de la familia Myrtaceae por su alto valor nutricional. Es originario de América tropical y los principales países productores son: México, India, Brasil y Tailandia. El interés generado en los últimos años por el mejoramiento genético de este cultivo, ha propiciado el empleo de herramientas moleculares que permitan determinar la variabilidad genética y seleccionar genes de interés agronómico de una forma rápida y confiable. Sin embargo, el aislamiento de ADN de alta pureza es un requisito previo para poder emplear las técnicas moleculares de última generación. Objetivo. Aislar ADN genómico (ADNg) de alta calidad de guayaba, en cantidad e integridad adecuados. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se realizó en el Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno, entre enero y diciembre del 2019. Se compararon tres métodos diferentes para aislar ADN: Promega (ReliaPrep™ gDNA Tissue Miniprep Kit), Qiagen (DNeasy Plant Mini Kit) y CTAB (Doyle y Doyle, 1990) con modificaciones. Para la extracción de ANDg se utilizó material fresco y liofilizado de hojas jóvenes de guayaba (Psidium guajava L.; 2n = 22). Para determinar el mejor método se midieron la calidad, cantidad e integridad del ADNg de cada uno. Resultados. Se logró obtener ADNg con los tres métodos evaluados, los mejores resultados en cantidad de ADNg (ng μl-1) se obtuvieron con el material liofilizado y con el método CTAB. Los métodos CTAB y Qiagen mostraron mayor grado de pureza (relaciones A260/280 con valores óptimos) en comparación con el método Promega. Conclusión. Se logró obtener ADNg en cantidad, calidad e integridad adecuada. Esto se logró con base en extracciones en tejido liofilizado de hojas jóvenes y con el método de extracción del kit de Qiagen.
El garbanzo en el occidente de Cuba: aportes de las ferias de agrodiversidad
Authors: Cárdenas Travieso Regla María , Ortiz Pérez Rodobaldo , Vargas Blandino Dania
Published: May 2021

Introducción. El gobierno cubano, le ha concedido importancia a la producción nacional de garbanzo, con el propósito de sustituir importaciones, satisfacer las demandas del mercado y contribuir a la seguridad y soberanía alimentaria. Objetivo. Presentar los aportes de las ferias de agrodiversidad en la selección de nuevos genotipos de garbanzo (Cicer arietinum) en el occidente de Cuba. Materiales y métodos. El trabajo se desarrolló durante el periodo 2000-2018. Se analizó la selección de materiales de garbanzo de seis viveros introducidos por el Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA) desde el Centro Internacional para Investigaciones Agrícolas en Zonas Áridas (ICARDA) y nueve variedades comerciales donadas por el Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical (INIFAT). Se sembraron en tres localidades de la región occidental de Cuba. Se realizaron ferias de diversidad para efectuar la selección de los genotipos con mejor comportamiento agroproductivo.  Resultados. La comparación entre los viveros internacionales no mostró diferencias agroproductivas significativas entre ellos. Las variables de mayor peso en la caracterización agroproductiva fueron: días a maduración, días a floración, número de ramas, altura de las plantas y rendimiento. La mayor cantidad de genotipos seleccionados en las ferias de agrodiversidad correspondieron al vivero Élite Internacional para América Latina. El rendimiento promedio de los materiales seleccionados estuvo por encima de 1,00 t ha-1. Conclusiones. La realización de ferias de agrodiversidad de garbanzo, ha aportado diecisiete nuevos materiales con idóneo comportamiento productivo, culinario y adaptabilidad a las condiciones edafoclimáticas de diferentes localidades del occidente de Cuba.
Detección de IHHNV en el cultivo de Litopenaeus vannamei en Costa Rica
Authors: Parajeles Mora Jose Francisco , Peña Navarro Nelson , Solorzano Morales Anthony , Dolz Gaby
Published: May 2021

Introducción. El virus de la necrosis hipodérmica y hematopoyética infecciosa (IHHNV) produce deformidades cuticulares y reducción del crecimiento del camarón blanco (Litopenaeus vannamei), lo que genera pérdidas productivas por un menor peso de cosecha y menores precios de mercado. Aunque se han descrito linajes patógenos y no patógenos del agente, se desconoce si estos están presentes en el país. Objetivo. Caracterizar los linajes de IHHNV presentes en fincas de camarón blanco en Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos. Entre 2017 y 2018 se investigaron quince granjas camaroneras distribuidas en el Golfo de Nicoya, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. En estas fincas se recolectaron muestras de agua, postlarvas y camarones juveniles, durante un ciclo de producción de tres meses, se tomaron los parámetros fisicoquímicos del agua de los estanques y se aplicó una encuesta a los productores para conocer si tenían conocimiento sobre la enfermedad y si sospechaban de la presencia del agente en sus establecimientos. Las muestras recolectadas se analizaron mediante Reacción en Cadena de Polimerasa (PCR) y secuenciación. Resultados. La presencia de IHHNV se determinó en el 86,6 % (13/15) de las fincas analizadas, la secuenciación de los productos amplificados estableció la presencia del linaje III de IHHNV, con un 99,2 %-100,0 % (386-389/389 pb) de similitud con la secuencia aislada en L. vannamei de Venezuela (KM485615.1). Los parámetros fisicoquímicos del agua se determinaron como deficientes. Un 53,3 % de productores no tenían conocimiento de IHHNV, mientras que los restantes sospechaban tener el agente en su finca. Conclusión. El linaje patógeno III de IHHNV estuvo presente en la mayoría de las fincas. Se recomienda capacitar a los productores y establecer protocolos de bienestar, manejo y bioseguridad para así mejorar los parámetros productivos de sus fincas.
Relación entre enfermedades y rendimiento de granos de soja
Authors: Lavilla M. , Ivancovich A.
Published: May 2021

Introducción. Las enfermedades vasculares y del follaje se encuentran entre los factores más relevantes que afectan la producción de soja (Glycine max). Objetivo. Cuantificar los daños de las enfermedades vasculares y del follaje sobre el rendimiento en el cultivo de soja. Materiales y métodos. Este estudio se llevó a cabo durante dos años consecutivos (2018 y 2019) en la localidad de Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Para el caso de las enfermedades vasculares el muestreo se realizó sobre cuarenta lotes de la localidad de Pergamino. En cada lote se recolectaron treinta pares de plantas con base en la enfermedad presente. Cada par de planta se cosechó a mano y se cuantificó el número de granos por planta (NGP) y el rendimiento por planta (RP). Para la cuantificación de las pérdidas de rendimiento por las enfermedades del follaje se realizaron ensayos con y sin fungicida foliar. En cada tratamiento se determinó el rendimiento (kg ha-1) y sus principales componentes. Resultados. La podredumbre húmeda del tallo causada por Sclerotinia sclerotiorum fue la enfermedad que generó los mayores daños en el NGP y el RP. Las enfermedades vasculares provocaron daños en el cultivo mayores al 50 %. Las enfermedades del follaje en soja redujeron significativamente el rendimiento entre un 11 % a un 20 %, cuando no fueron controladas con fungicidas foliares. Conclusión. Las enfermedades vasculares y del follaje diagnosticadas en este estudio redujeron significativamente el rendimiento y sus componentes en el cultivo de soja.
Psicoterapia dialógica como cenário social favorecedor de desenvolvimento subjetivo infantil
Authors: Cardoso de Moraes Montú Camila , Deusdará Mori Valéria , Sursis Nobre Ferro Bucher-Maluschke Júlia
Published: May 2021

A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo central de compreender como a psicoterapia dialógica, na perspectiva da Teoria da Subjetividade, pode mobilizar novos processos simbólico-emocionais que favoreçam o desenvolvimento subjetivo infantil. O desenvolvimento subjetivo é um fenômeno complexo e singular, configurado subjetivamente ao longo do tempo, a partir dos diversos sentidos subjetivos que emergem e vão tomando forma na relação com o outro, marcado pela capacidade de o indivíduo gerar novas produções subjetivas que o levem a abrir caminhos e possibilidades de vivenciar suas experiências. Foi realizado um estudo de caso que possibilitou compreender as configurações subjetivas da criança em psicoterapia, gerando inteligibilidade acerca das mudanças e novas produções subjetivas ao longo desse processo. A Epistemologia Qualitativa serviu de base à Teoria da Subjetividade de González Rey, em uma perspectiva cultural-histórica, norteando este trabalho na produção de conhecimento que ocorreu de forma construtivo-interpretativa. A análise interpretativa do caso permitiu evidenciar o caráter subjetivo das relações construídas no espaço psicoterapêutico e a possibilidade de desenvolvimento subjetivo da criança.
Wybrane płaszczyzny sporu o samorząd terytorialny w początkach III Rzeczpospolitej
Authors: Gofron Paweł
Published: May 2021

Selected grounds of strife over the self ‑government at the beginning of the Third Polish RepublicThis article presents the selected grounds of strife over the self-govern-ment in Poland during the political transformation – from the end of the Polish People’s Republic to the beginning of the Third Republic of Poland. In the introduction the importance of the self -government re-form was emphasized. In the main content the discourse over the self--government during the Round Table Talks was reconstructed in outli-ne. Moreover, the projects of the implementation scheme of the reform were discussed. The last part of the text concerns the dispute over the introduction of poviats as the second level of self -government.
Publicystyka wybranych czasopism konserwatywnych wobec zbliżenia Polski i ZSRR w latach 1932-1933
Authors: Matuła Adrian
Published: May 2021

Publicystyka wybranych czasopism konserwatywnych... 153StreszczeniePublicystyka wybranych czasopism konserwatywnych wobec zbliżenia Polski i ZSRR w latach 1932–1933W latach 1932–1933 doszło do dwóch przełomowych wydarzeń w sto-sunkach między Polską a Związkiem Sowieckim. Pierwszym było podpisanie paktu o nieagresji w roku 1932, a rok później doszło do zawarcia w Londynie konwencji o określeniu napaści. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie reakcji czasopism związanych z polskimi zachowawcami na zbliżenie pomiędzy wspomnianymi państwami. By dokonać rekonstrukcji dyskursu prowadzonego na łamach konserwa-tywnych czasopism, przeanalizowano najważniejsze tytuły związane z środowiskami polskich zachowawców: „Czas”, „Dziennik Poznański”, „Naszą Przyszłość”, „Politykę” oraz „Słowo”.SummaryJournalism of selected conservative journals regarding the rapprochement between Poland and the USSR in 1932–1933Between 1932 and 1933, two significant changes took place in the Poland--Soviet Union relations. In 1932, the Soviet–Polish Non -Aggression Pact was signed, and year later the Convention for the Definition of Aggression was ratified in London. This paper aims to present the re-action to the rapprochement between these countries. In order to recreate the discourse in the conservative press, the most important newspapers such as “Czas”, “Dziennik Poznański”, “Nasza Przyszłość”, “Polityka” and “Słowo” have been analyzed.
Preparation of bacterial cellulose/vinyl imidazole-based membranes for selective purification of Hemoglobin
Authors: BAKHSHPOUR Monireh , DENİZLİ Adil
Published: May 2021

The development of new biomaterials is needed to use in many areas such as protein purification, removal and drug release system. In this study, we fabricated hemoglobin (Hb) surface imprinting onto the bacterial cellulose nanofibers. The metal ions coordination was obtained with vinyl imidazole and Ni2+ ions. The selective purification of Hb was obtained using Hb-imprinted bacterial cellulose. The Scanning Electron Microscopy, Surface area, Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy, swelling tests and contact angle measurements were used for the characterization of Hb-imprinted and non-imprinted bacterial cellulose membranes. In addition, the adsorption studies were experimented with using the Hb aqueous solution in the batch systems at 2 h. In this study, the prepared bacterial cellulose was reported unique biomaterials for selective and sensitive purification of Hb with high adsorption capacity. The reusability of bacterial celluloses was demonstrated during the experiment.
Donosheniye as the Petitionary Document Type in Russian Legislative Acts and Regional Business Writing of the 18th Century
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Rusanova Svetlana
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the article is to describe some genre and stylistic features of the 18th-century regional report, or donosheniye. The research is also focused on the semantic history of the term donosheniye reflected in the legislative acts of the 18 th century that regulated the language style of regional clerical work and determined the main trends in its systematization. It is pointed that the term donosheniye was used in the legislative documents of Peter the Great period as a synonym for doklad, raport (report) and chelobitnaya (humble petition). The research results show that the term donosheniye had lack of genre "purity" and was functionally polysemantic in regional business writing, which explains the original conceptual syncretism of the term. The author characterizes the petitioning type of donosheniye that emerged in the 18 th century simultaneously with establishment of the chelobitnaya. The analysis of the documents circulating in the Russian regions discovered that donosheniye, being integrated into the petitioning documents system, functioned as a petitioning statement in the cases which did not require judicial consideration. Conversely, chelobitnaya was a kind of lawsuit claim. It was proved that the petitioning type of donosheniye slightly changed the form, which was characteristic of this type of petitions; its genre features move closer to the reporting type of donosheniye.
The Life of St. Pancratius of Taormina: A Comparative Analysis of Excerpts from Manuscripts of the 10th and 11th Centuries
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Morugina Kseniia
Published: May 2021

This work is dedicated to the comparison of textual variants of the life of St. Pancratius of Taormina represented in manuscripts of the 10 th and 11 th centuries. The presumable full corpus of Pancratius story is told in thirteen Greek manuscripts that have been currently uncovered. One of them, the 11 th century AD manuscript, written in Koine Greek, is currently being reposited in State Historical Museum in Moscow under cipher GIM Vlad. 381 (Sin. gr. 15). In this paper the manuscript Sin. gr. 15 is analyzed from codicological and paleographic perspectives; it is also compared to the manuscripts of the first edition. The purpose of the study includes a comparative analysis, namely through reading, studying and translation of excerpts from the lives in Greek language into modern Russian. The comparison between the first edition and the unpublished second edition of the life of St. Pancratius points to significant textual differences, both compositional and linguistic. The composition of the first edition is more extensive, while the second one is shortened and stylistically improved as a result of literary processing, as compared to the first version. Thus, the aforementioned conclusion confirms the hypothesis that the two editions appeared at different historical periods and in different intellectual circles.
Communicative Risks Related to Unjustified Use of Borrowings in Modern Media
Authors:   Volgograd Institute of Management, branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Gulyaeva Evgenia , Denisenko Maria ,   Volgograd Institute of Management, branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Nikitina Irina ,   Volgograd Institute of Management, branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the problem of native speakers understanding of the latest borrowings actively introduced into speech practice by mass media. The authors describe the reasons for the spread of borrowings, and pay special attention to the pragmatic, as well as social-and-psychological factors that affect this process. Based on the results of the pilot experiment conducted by the authors, it was found out that the majority of respondents, who are native speakers of the Russian language, either do not understand the meaning of anglicisms that are frequent in the modern media or only approximately interpret it, which allows the authors to speak about the agnonymy of this vocabulary. The analysis of modern media texts was aimed at selecting borrowed vocabulary for its further inclusion in the questionnaire, followed by a pilot experiment, which focused on interpretation of the meanings of the latest anglicisms used in the media. The accuracy of recipients comprehension of foreign words meaning used in the media varies depending on their age, occupation, and interests. Thus, news addressed to mass audience should not contain anglicisms so as to prevent communicative failures. The authors describe the communicative risks associated with misinterpretation of information presented in the media, and outline ways to overcome the negative impact of borrowings associated with it.
Dialect Names of Holidays and Rituals as a Reflection of the Cultural and Historical Traditions of the Russian People
Authors:   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Akimova Elvira , Mochalova Tatiana ,   National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University
Published: May 2021

The article studies lexical and phraseological units nominating holidays and ceremonies in Russian dialects, which are spoken on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia. The specificity of nominative processes associated with the naming of a fact that is significant from linguistic and cultural point of view, is determined. The research is carried out on the material taken from the Dictionary of Russian dialects on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia. It has been found that in Russian dialects, the names of religious holidays, which are dedicated to the most revered saints, or the holidays related to a certain time of the year, are actively used. The surviving holidays reproduce elements of the most ancient customs associated with the worship of human deities, the cult of vegetation, water and fire, which magical powers were attributed to. The names of rituals represent a special layer in the dialect corpus. The most illustrative represented are the funeral rite and the rite of baptism. All these rituals are of great importance in the life of the people, since they symbolize a change in the status of a person, his transition from one state to another. The nominations of different phases of wedding ceremony are noted to be most numerous, while funeral and baptizing rites are less representative. The study showed that the names of holidays and rituals in Russian folk dialects reflect cultural and historical traditions, beliefs, customs of representatives of a territorially closed society. They perform peculiar means of representing the ethnic and cultural consciousness of the people.
Verbs Denoting Action Results Elimination: Semantic and Syntactic Aspects (As Exemplified by Verbs razbintovat’, razvernut’, razvyuchit’, razgruzit’)
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Muhachyova Irina
Published: May 2021

The paper discusses semantic and syntactic features of four Russian verbs denoting liquidation of external physical condition – the verbs razbintovat' ('take off a bandage'), razvernut' ('unwrap'), razvyuchit' ('unburden'), razgruzit' ('unload'). These verbs belong to the rather large class of verbs denoting liquidation of the result of an action. The aim of the paper is to find out whether the verbs under consideration are the prototypical members of the class. The author analyses both the semantics of these verbs as presented in the academic Dictionary of the Russian Language, using Russian National Corpus as a source of contexts, and their semantic features, describing a set of valency slots of each verb and the ways these slots can be filled. In order to catch the specific features of the verbs the author compares them with their antonyms denoting achievement of the result of an action. The study showed that having similar semantics the verbs razbintovat', razvernut', razvyuchit', razgruzit' denote situations in which a person makes certain manipulations with one object in order to eliminate its contact with another object. Three of the above-mentioned verbs also have the same syntactic properties. Razbintovat', razvernut', razgruzit' have three semantic valencies, which can be expressed syntactically. These verbs have two diathesis: one of them expresses subject and the first object, the second one – subject and the other object. As opposed to them the verb razvyuchit' has only one diathesis and one of its valencies is inexpressible. Nevertheless, the verbs razbintovat', razvernut', razvyuchit', razgruzit' are the prototypical members of the class of verbs, which denote liquidation of the result of an action.
State and Local Public Self-Government: How Can One Ensure а New Level of Interaction?
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Buchwald Evgeniy , Ryabova Inna ,   Volgograd Institute of Management – Branch of RANEPA
Published: May 2021

Serious problems which occurred in setting the strategic planning system and the difficulties in the implementation of national projects and in the achievement of national goals, make us think how effective the functioning of the “vertical” of public power in the Russian Federation is, and in particular, how closely its state and municipal components interact. In this context a lot of scientific papers appeared which carried the idea that due to a number of reasons, both of legal and economic nature, there is still no sufficient close interaction of state and municipal administrative bodies. The paper shows that the absence of such clear interaction leads to inadequate efficiency in the use of target and project methods of solving key problems, appearing in the regions of the country and in particular, municipalities. The article analyses the reasons for such a situation, which are connected with the gaps in legislative regulation, especially in part, which is connected with the positioning of local public self-government in the “vertical of executive power”, specifying their powers, their economic basis, as well as the regulation frames and control by government authorities. The purpose of the article is to identify the new principles and mechanisms of interaction of the state and local public self-government, which at present must be written into fundamental laws of this direction of government policy. The novelty of this task is determined by the fact that almost for the first time the range of issues is analyzed on a “crossing” of such novelties as amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, transfer to the system of strategic planning and an increased emphasis on the strengthening of civil society foundations in local self-government.
Spatial Issues in Strategies of Municipal Districts
Authors:   Leontief Centre, Zhikharevich Boris
Published: May 2021

The representation of spatial issues in the texts of municipal strategies of administrative districts was studied using an original technique. On the basis of samples of 30 Russian and foreign strategies, it was found that spatial issues (in this study these were: economic and geographic location, population distribution and economic activity in the district, comfortability of the environment, connectivity, transport accessibility, migration flows) in the majority of municipal strategies are taken into account in one way or another and in half of the cases spatial issues are presented at a good level. The depth and quality of the analysis of spatial issues are significantly differentiated (ranks range fr om 3 to 18). A high level of presence of spatial issues correlates with the overall quality of strategic documents and is shown in the strategies of the districts of Tatarstan, Bashkortostan and the Leningrad oblast, wh ere there are strong traditions of strategic planning at the regional level and professional consultant teams are involved in the strategy development. An attempt to test quantitatively the hypothesis that there is a relationship between the degree to which spatial issues are taken into account in the strategy and the success of social and economic development did not give reliable results due to a small sample size and low quality of statistical indicators at the municipal level. Nevertheless, the introduction of three-point scales made it possible to compare roughly the distribution of districts into three groups for the assessment of spatial issues inclusion into the strategy and into three groups according to the success of social and economic development. The highest average assessment of the manifestation of spatial issues is in the group of successful districts. The share of districts that are successful in terms of social and economic development is higher in areas whose strategies feature an average or high degree of presence of spatial issues.
Using a microheterogeneous model to assess the applicability of ion-exchange membranes in the process of reverse electrodialysis
Authors: Davidov D. V. , Nosova E. N. , Loza S. A. , Achoh A. R. , Korzhov A. N. , Melnikov S. S.
Published: May 2021

This paper shows the possibility of using a microheterogeneous model to describe the properties of ion-exchange membranes and calculate the characteristics of a reverse electrodialyzer from the data obtained. We studied the properties of eight samples of heterogeneous cation exchange membranes (two samples of each type of membrane). The samples differed in the year of issue and storage conditions. It is shown that for heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes MK-40 and MA-41, the samples' properties can differ significantly. The counterions transport numbers calculated within the framework of the microheterogeneous model for Ralex membranes differ insignificantly. The counterion transport number in 1 mol/L sodium chloride solution is 0.96 for Ralex CM and 0.98 ± 0.01 for Ralex AMH. For the MK-40 membrane, the transport number in the same solution is 0.94 ± 0.04, and for the MA-41 membrane, it is 0.85 ± 0.1. The possibility of calculating the transport numbers and predicting the open-circuit voltage based on simple physicochemical measurements allows selecting the best membrane pairs for the reverse electrodialysis process. Comparison of the open-circuit potential value calculated using the obtained transfer numbers with experimental data showed that in the case of using Ralex membranes, the difference between the experimental and calculated values is 2%. The calculated value of the open circuit potential was 0.19 V/membrane pair or 1.69 V for the investigated reverse electrodialyzer with nine pair chambers.
Waste management of the palm oil industry: present status and future perspective
Authors: Dashti Arezoo Fereidonian , Fatehah Mohd Omar , Zahed Mohammad Ali
Published: May 2021

Numerous research and developments have emerged in the last 100 years, primarily dedicated to waste management. Among the subjects they have focused on are life-cycle assessments, treatment and minimisation of waste and mitigation of waste environmental impact. These massive efforts came into effect to mitigate the detrimental impacts of waste generation from production industries. One industry that has been plagued with rising sustainability issues is the palm oil industry, which is the main engine of development in South East Asia. The oil palm is a significant flex crop. In Malaysia and Indonesia particularly, crude palm oil production has raised red flags due to its massive waste generation. To illustrate, different types of wastes are generated from 1 t of processed fresh fruit bunches – namely, palm oil mill effluent (POME) (60%), empty fruit bunches (23%), mesocarp fibres (12%), shell (5%) and gas emissions. The high nitrogen content, high chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand of POME cause severe environmental pollution. Nevertheless, the biomethane generated from POME through anaerobic digestion can be harnessed as renewable bioenergy. Hence, the sustainability of the palm oil industry could be ensured by combining both the production of renewable energy and the treatment of waste water.
Los 30 años del MERCOSUR: retos, logros y el futuro de la integración regional
Authors: Vasconcelos Raphael Carvalho de
Published: May 2021

El presente ensayo no pretende aportar respuestas, sino plantear interrogantes y provocar reflexiones sobre el pasado, los retos, los logros y respecto al futuro de la integración regional en América del Sur. En los 30 años del MERCOSUR, importa comprender que los desafíos políticos y económicos actuales son un ciclo más del proceso regional de integración. En la primera parte de este trabajo son identificados y señalados los elementos que garantizan al MERCOSUR su condición de sujeto de derecho internacional. Luego, los desafíos del proceso son presentados en una propuesta de análisis histórico descrita en fases y centrada en las dificultades para convertir el proyecto en un hecho concreto para las sociedades de los Estados miembros. Por fin, se busca demonstrar la importancia del sistema de solución de controversias para profundizar la cooperación entre los Estados miembros de la organización.
Literatura e inclusión: influencias de la formación lectora y literaria en la educación inclusiva en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Franco Acevedo Juliet , Gómez Germán D.
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo es el producto de una investigación de tipo documental. En él se analiza, desde algunos artículos y libros relacionados con los temas de inclusión y formación lectora, la manera en que la lectura de textos literarios permite la comprensión de la realidad individual y colectiva de los estudiantes de educación básica primaria, secundaria y media de la ciudad de Medellín. Mediante este análisis, se encontró que la formación lectora y literaria ha venido siendo utilizada en diferentes contextos específicos, desde el hogar hasta las bibliotecas públicas y escolares, así como en centros culturales y eventos que giran en torno al libro y a la cultura literaria; de esa manera se logra un gran alcance y acogida. Esta investigación encuentra que, mediante el ejercicio de la formación lectora y literaria, se logra estrechar vínculos y se reduce la diferencia que produce la exclusión. De esa manera, la formación lectora y literaria se ofrece como una estrategia, entre otras, que posibilitan y fortalecen los procesos de inclusión educativa en el contexto escolar de la ciudad de Medellín
ALGEBRA* OF POLICY
Authors: Chuiko Vadym , Atamanchuk-Angel Valerii
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the work is to consider possible directions of development of political thought on the example of application of methods of mathematics and philosophy of politics, to reveal widespread system errors.
Methods. The axiomatic approach, the method of proving the opposite, the method of defining paradoxes are used. Based on a critical analysis of the philosophy of consciousness by means of a communicative approach, possible for political science algebraic constructs are formed, which determine not only elements (sets) and operations, but also relations, the problem of identifying and defining systemic errors in certain political ideas, theories.
Scientific novelty lies in the fact that we now consider politics as algebra and divide political objects into ideal objects and real objects. The algebra of politics is a collection of specific political algebras. The difference between these algebras is in the choice of carrier, operations and relationships. The carriers of these algebras are idealized sets of the geosphere, biosphere, technosphere, sociosphere, their intersections and unions, as well as operations specific to politics, such as violence, trust, interest, greed, etc. We regard a real object, including a real state, as a direct product of the ideal and the material (at the atomic level). In this case, the State (S) is a direct product of the ideal political object (constitution, legislation, regulations, etc. — IPO), and the material object (territory, subsoil, population, etc. — MO)
IPO × MO = S.
Resistencia transmitida en VIH-1 de pacientes provenientes de nueve departamentos del Perú
Authors: Yabar Carlos A. , Vilcarino Giovanny F. , Espetia Susan , Yaya Mariela G. , Salinas Gabriela , Garcia-Fernández Lisset , Vásquez Becerra Ruben D. , Benites Carlos , Santos-Anaya Daniel , Mamani Edgardo , Acuña Maribel , Romero Soledad , Cárdenas Fany
Published: May 2021

El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la resistencia transmitida (RT) del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en pacientes procedentes de nueve departamentos del Perú. Para ello, se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 132 adultos que aceptaron participar mediante un consentimiento informado. Se colectaron muestras de sangre para realizar el recuento de células CD4/CD8, determinar la carga viral y la genotipificación del VIH. Se recabó información socioepidemiológica de los participantes mediante encuestas. Los resultados revelaron una frecuencia de RT de 9,8% (13/132). Los resultados del estudio ayudarán a mejorar los programas de intervención y monitoreo de la resistencia a los antirretrovirales en el país.
Virus respiratorios y características clínico-epidemiológicas en los episodios de infección respiratoria aguda
Authors: Chirinos-Saire Yaquelina , Reyna-García Robert , Aguilar-Huauya Emilio , Santillán-Salas Carlos
Published: May 2021

Con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia viral y las características clínico-epidemiológicas en los episodios de infección respiratoria aguda de pacientes del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja en Lima, se analizó la información de los episodios de pacientes que requirieron al menos una prueba de inmunofluorescencia directa desde el 1 de enero del 2017 al 31 de diciembre del 2018. Se identificaron 1153 episodios en 707 pacientes. La mediana de la edad fue de 1 año y el 55% fueron del sexo masculino. La frecuencia viral fue del 13,4%; el virus respiratorio sincitial se identificó en el 10,7% de los episodios. La frecuencia viral fue mayor en los menores de 1 año (16,2%); en aquellos con enfermedad congénita respiratoria (38,9%) y durante el otoño (24,2%). Los síntomas más comunes fueron tos (70,3%) y fiebre (53,4%); y los principales diagnósticos fueron neumonía viral (31,8%) y bronquiolitis (23,4%). Se concluye que la frecuencia viral respiratoria estuvo relacionada con la edad, estacionalidad y patología preexistente.
Graphene Oxide-Embedded Extracellular MatrixDerived Hydrogel as a Multiresponsive Platform for 3D Bioprinting Applications
Authors: Rueda-Gensini Laura , A. Serna Julian , Cifuentes Javier , C. Cruz Juan , Muñoz-Camargo Carolina
Published: May 2021

Decellularized extracellular matrices (dECMs) have shown enormous potential for the biofabrication of tissues due to their biomimetic properties that promote enhanced cellular interaction and tissue regeneration. However, biofabrication schemes requiring electrostimulation pose an additional constraint due to the insulating properties of natural materials. Here, we propose a methacryloyl-modified decellularized small intestine submucosa (SISMA) hydrogel, embedded with graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, for extrusion-based 3D bioprinting applications that require electrostimulation. Methacryloyl biochemical modification is performed to enhance the mechanical stability of dECM constructs by mediating photo-crosslinking reactions, and a multistep fabrication scheme is proposed to harness the bioactive and hydrophilic properties of GO and electroconductive properties of reduced GO. For this, GO was initially dispersed in SISMA hydrogels by exploiting its hydrophilicity and protein adsorption capabilities, and in situ reduction was subsequently performed to confer electroconductive abilities. SISMA-GO composite hydrogels were successfully prepared with enhanced structural characteristics, as shown by the higher crosslinking degree and increased elastic response upon blue-light exposure. Moreover, GO was homogeneously dispersed without affecting photocrosslinking reactions and hydrogel shear-thinning properties. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were successfully bioprinted in SISMA-GO with high cell viability after 1 week and in situ reduction of GO during this period enhanced the electrical conductivity of these nanostructures. This work demonstrates the potential of SISMA-GO bioinks as bioactive and electroconductive scaffolds for electrostimulation applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
The Universities Ranking World Cup: A Global View by Continent and Country from the Computer Science Perspective
Authors:   REMIT, Universidade Portucalense, Porto, Portugal, Sobral Sónia Rolland
Published: May 2021

University rankings are lists of universities ranked according to different criteria: different systems, published annually. This article uses seven of the world's best-known global rankings and only in the context of computer science: Shanghai Ranking’s Academic, CWTS Leiden, Quacquarelli Symonds, Times Higher Education, National Taiwan University, Best Global Universities USNews and University Ranking by Academic Performance. We present the top10 universities by each ranking system and by continent and country those that appear in the top20, top100 and top500. Each of these rankings has different items and weights, which will be listed and analyzed in this article. The results are very different from each other because they follow different systems. This article shows that in top10 there is a direct relationship between the massive presence of top Asian universities and the total dependence on Web of Science publications. The same is not true when the data source is Scopus database.
Michail Ugarov’s philosophy of theatre in his pre-doc plays (“The newspaper ‘Russian invalid’ dated july 18” and “The death of Ilya Ilyich”)
Authors: Kurant E. , Syska K.
Published: May 2021

The article makes an attempt to analyze some selected plays of Mikhail Ugarov, the founder of the documentary Teatr.doc and the New Drama movement (“The Newspaper ‘Russian Invalid’ Dated July 18” and “The Death of Ilya Ilyich”). Although these plays were written in the so called «pre-doc» period and seem to be entirely different with respect to style and content from verbatim and New Drama aesthetics, they express Ugarov’s most important views on dramatic and theatre art formulated later. In these texts one can find philosophical ideas which subsequently formed the basis of documentary and modern dramatic theory. The author concludes that Ugarov’s early plays have mainly a metaliterary character and can be analyzed as an artistic manifesto in which the playwright elaborates the following ideas: negation of classical drama features (composition, action, character); the horizontal structure of the literary work; “zero-position”; cancellation of an event; rejection of grand narratives; rejection of the author’s will and self-expression; negating art as an entertainment; the documentary approach (attention to the details of everyday life). The author indicates that there is a certain contradiction in Ugarov’s doctrine – on the one hand, he admitted the primacy of the dramatic text over the director, on the other hand, - along with his work as a director and a teacher in the Teatr. doc, he ceased to write plays (after “The Death of Ilya Ilyich” Ugarov wrote only a remake-play, “The Masquerade”, in 2013). During this period he created mostly scenarios based on verbatim material. Therefore, the principle of a traditional dramatic work serving as basis for the theatre performance was being deconstructed, which makes it reasonable to relate the theatre aesthetics of Mikhail Ugarov to the postdramatic paradigm.
“Obedient bodies”: Space, time and sound in the operas by Christoph Marthaler
Authors: Sokolskaya Anna
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the relationships between musical performance, theatrical space and gesturality in Christoph Marthaler’s operatic productions. The stage design, the types of actor’s physical and vocal expressivity in “Le Nozze di Figaro”, “La Grande Duchesse de Gérolstein”, “Kát’a Kabanová”, “Věc Makropulos”, “Les Contes d’Hoffmann” and “Tristan und Isolde” are studied. Gesture, vocalisation and text in Marthaler’s productions are discussed and interpreted by considering the mismatching of dance and musical rhythm, the contrast of academical and non-academical singing manners or soundless articulation, as well as emphasizing the visual side of musical performance. Ensemble music-making and figurative gestures are the metaphors of power relations, total control and the collapse of social structures. It is concluded that the ways of vocalization and the types of gestures embody the system of power. The society in Marthaler’s operatic stage productions appears as an ensemble of the discursive practices.