bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
impact of soaking duration with phosphoric acid on the characteristics of halal gelatin obtained from New Zealand white rabbit bones (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Samha Hanifiya , Afifah Ika Qurrotul
Published: December 2024

The demands of Indonesia's numerous industrial sectors for gelatin still rely on imports. In general, gelatin produced using pork can cause serious problems for Hindus and Muslims. The product extracted from New Zealand White rabbit bones in this research has the potential to become halal gelatin. This research aimed to analyze the characteristic amide group absorption of gelatin in the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrum of the isolated gelatin from New Zealand White rabbit bones and to determine the effect of changing soaking time on the yield and gelatin characteristics. In the pre-treatment process, the sample was soaked using a 9% phosphoric acid solution for 48, 96, and 144 hours. The gelatin is then extracted at gradual temperatures for 12 hours. The characterization involved analyzing functional groups, water content, ash content, pH, and protein content. The typical absorption of gelatin functional groups in the form of amides A, I, II, and III was detected from FTIR spectrophotometric analysis. This study indicated that the soaking time significantly affected the yield, pH, ash content, and protein content of the gelatin produced, but did not significantly influencethe water content. The yield of gelatin from New Zealand White rabbit bones ranges from 4.08-6.56%. The water content of the gelatin is between 6.96-7.05%, and the pH value is 3.61-3.98. Both parameters meet the gelatin quality standards. However, the ash content of gelatin from New Zealand White rabbit bones, which ranges from 6.86-9.29%, does not meet the gelatin quality standards according to SNI 06-3735-1995 and GMIA 2012. The protein content of the rabbit bone gelatin, which is not regulated by the quality standards, ranges from 75.46-83.37%. The longer the soaking time, the higher the yield and protein content of the gelatin produced, and the lower the ash content.
Keywords: Gelatin, New Zealand White Rabbit Bones, Soaking Time, Phosphoric Acid
Investigating the Emergence of Employee Green Behavior Through Green Organizational Culture and Organizational Commitment
Authors: Putri Naila Cahayani , Fajrianthi
Published: December 2024

Research on employee green behavior is increasing as companies are becoming more aware of environmental protection. The implementation of green culture is thought to help organizations in shaping green behavior among employees, but past researches show inconsistency regarding the significant impact of green organizational culture on employee green behavior. To bridge this gap, this study investigates the impact of green organizational culture on employee green behavior through organizational commitment. Data was obtained from questionnaires filled out by 111 employees from companies that have acquired ISO 14001 certification. This research employs model 4 PROCESS macro by Andrew F. Hayes available in SPSS 26 for Windows. The result shows that green organization culture significantly and positively affects employee green behavior and organizational commitment. Contrary to the expectation, this research found that organizational commitment does not mediate the positive impact of green organizational culture on employee green behavior.
Peran Peer Support dan Occupational Identity pada Adaptabilitas Karier para Lulusan Baru
Authors: Dharmadhyaksa Ignatius Satria , Sami'an
Published: December 2024

Di era globalisasi dan dinamika ekonomi yang penuh ketidakpastian, fenomena pengangguran pada fresh graduate akibat rendahnya kompetensi kerja masih menjadi tantangan yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh peer support terhadap career adaptability serta peran moderasi tipe-tipe occupational identity (achievement, moratorium, foreclosure, diffusion). Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan melibatkan 99 fresh graduate yang belum bekerja. Data diolah dengan analisis moderated multiple regression.  Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peer support berpengaruh positif terhadap career adaptability. Occupational identity achievement tidak memoderasi pengaruh positif dengan career adaptability. Sedangkan occupational identity moratorium, foreclosure, dan diffusion memoderasi hubungan dengan memperkuat pengaruh positif tersebut. Hasil penelitian menekankan pentingnya pemanfaatan peer support yang disesuaikan secara efektif dengan tipe occupational identity yang dimiliki individu demi mendukung pengembangan karier.
Pemanfaatan Tes Inteligensi dalam Asesmen Psikologi Klinis: Memahami Gangguan Kepribadian Skizotipal
Authors: Toto Kezia Charissa , Poerwandari Elizabeth Kristi
Published: December 2024

Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kegunaan Tes Inteligensi Dewasa Indonesia (TIDI) dalam asesmen klinis, terutama dalam memahami disfungsi kognitif pada gangguan kepribadian skizotipal. Kasus yang dipaparkan melibatkan seorang mahasiswa yang dinyatakan bersalah atas tindak kekerasan seksual secara verbal di lingkungan kampusnya. Setelah observasi, wawancara, dan asesmen awal, ditemukan adanya impresi diagnostik berupa gangguan kepribadian skizotipal, sehingga TIDI diadministrasikan untuk mendalami fungsi kognitif dari partisipan. Sejumlah disfungsi kognitif yang ditunjukkan partisipan antara lain cara berpikir dan berbicara yang berputar-putar, ketidakmampuan menghambat respons subjektif, kesulitan berfokus pada hal penting dari stimuli, preferensi eksentrik terhadap simetri, adaptasi sosial yang kurang baik dan kurangnya kemampuan pemecahan masalah baru. Berdasarkan analisis dengan Dual Process Theory, terlihat bahwa partisipan cenderung bergantung pada pemrosesan Type 1 yang mengandalkan penalaran intuitif dan pengetahuan sebelumnya. Implikasi dari temuan ini menyoroti manfaat penggunaan TIDI dalam asesmen psikologis untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih komprehensif tentang gangguan kepribadian.
Role of the TME in immune checkpoint blockade resistance of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Dai Yuening , Tian Xueqi , Ye Xuanting , Gong Yabin , Xu Ling , Jiao Lijing
Published: December 2024

Primary and secondary resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) reduces its efficacy. The mechanisms underlying immunotherapy resistance are highly complex. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), these mechanisms are primarily associated with the loss of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, genetic mutations, circular RNA axis and transcription factor regulation, antigen presentation disorders, and dysregulation of signaling pathways. Additionally, alterations in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a pivotal role in driving immunotherapy resistance. Primary resistance is mainly attributed to TME alterations, including mutations and co-mutations, modulation of T cell infiltration, enrichment of M2 tumor-associated macrophages (M2-TAMs) and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and pulmonary fibrosis. Acquired resistance mainly stems from changes in cellular infiltration patterns leading to “cold” or “hot” tumors, altered interferon (IFN) signaling pathway expression, involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs), and oxidative stress responses, as well as post-treatment gene mutations and circadian rhythm disruption (CRD). This review presents an overview of various mechanisms underlying resistance to ICB, elucidates the alterations in the TME during primary, adaptive, and acquired resistance, and discusses existing strategies for overcoming ICB resistance.
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ МЕТОДІВ СПЕКЛ-ВІЗУАЛІЗАЦІЇ ТА МІКРОСКОПІЇ ДЛЯ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЗРАЗКІВ КРОВІ
Authors: Байкова Анастасія , Богомолов Микола , Вовянко Світлана , Боровський Віктор
Published: December 2024

В сучасній біомедичній інженерії та медичній діагностиці спостерігається стрімкий розвиток методів аналізу біологічних структур, зокрема, для вивчення властивостей крові. Одним із ефективних підходів є використання спекл-інтерферометрії, яка дозволяє отримувати інтерференційні зображення різноманітних мікроструктур, таких як клітини крові. Метод спекл-аналізу базується на просвічуванні зразків крові когерентним лазерним випромінюванням, що дозволяє отримати спекл-зображення, які аналізуються за допомогою розробленої комп'ютерної моделі. Мікроскопічний аналіз, у свою чергу, передбачає отримання фотографій зразків за допомогою мікроскопа з подальшим візуальним або програмним аналізом. Відомо, що під час циркуляції крові по судинах, еритроцити взаємодіють з іншими клітинами крові (лімфоцити, лейкоцити тощо), що неможливо дослідити при вимірюванні перфузії крові в умовах in vivo. Саме тому особливий інтерес викликає використання нових методів для дослідження агрегації еритроцитів та інших клітин крові в умовах in vitro, оскільки такі умови досліджень носять більш точний характер та запобігають виникненню різноманітних відхилень через стабільність середовища досліджень. У дослідженні оцінено точність обох методів у контексті виявлення мікроструктурних змін крові, таких як агрегація та кількість еритроцитів через їх переважність у досліджуваних зразках крові. Спекл-аналіз продемонстрував можливий потенціал у швидкому виявленні змін у зразках, дозволяючи автоматизувати процес обробки даних. Водночас мікроскопічний метод забезпечує високодеталізовані зображення, що є важливим для якісного аналізу, але вимагає більше часу та ручної обробки. Результати дослідження показують, що поєднання обох підходів може значно підвищити точність діагностичних процедур. Запропонована комп’ютерна модель відповідає сучасним тенденціям впровадження інформаційних цифрових технологій доказової медицини і може допомогти в удосконаленні діагностики захворювань, пов'язаних із змінами у морфології еритроцитів крові.
СУЧАСНІ ФІЗІОТЕРАПЕВТИЧНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ДЛЯ ЕЛЕКТРОМАГНІТНОЇ ТЕРАПІЇ
Authors: Цвір Дмитро , Шеіна Ірина , Шликов Владислав
Published: December 2024

У роботі розглянуто сучасні фізіотерапевтичні технології, які дають можливість комбінувати кілька типів електромагнітного випромінювання, включаючи електростимуляцію та низькоенергетичне електромагнітне поле. Така комбінована дія електромагнітного випромінювання забезпечує ефект синергії, коли різні типи впливу підсилюють один одного, підвищуючи загальний терапевтичний ефект. Завдяки можливості налаштування частот і інтенсивності випромінювання, такі фізіотерапевтичні технології забезпечують індивідуалізований підхід до лікування пацієнтів з різними захворюваннями. Показано, що сучасні фізіотерапевтичні технології для електромагнітної терапії включають автоматизовані системи керування, які постійно контролюють параметри лікування і забезпечують високу ефективність процедур. Зокрема електромагнітне випромінювання в різних частотних діапазонах (УВЧ, НВЧ, НДВЧ) завдяки автоматизованим програмам лікування та інтелектуальним системам контролю, забезпечує зручність, доступність і високу ефективність процедур фізіотерапії. Наприклад, низькоенергетичне випромінювання забезпечує високу безпеку процедур, а відсутність теплового ефекту та мінімізація дискомфорту роблять ці прилади ідеальними для тривалого застосування, навіть у випадках з підвищеною чутливістю або післяопераційних станів. Огляд сучасних фізіотерапевтичних технологій показує, що подальше вдосконалення систем електромагнітної терапії пов’язане з  автоматизацією контролю, підвищенням точності налаштувань та розширенням застосування фізіотерапевтичних приладів у медичній практиці.
KANDUNGAN GIZI, SERAT DAN DAYA TERIMA KUKIS DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG PISANG KEPOK DAN TEPUNG KACANG MERAH UNTUK PENGENDALIAN OBESITAS PADA DEWASA
Authors: Efendy Carine , Farida Eko
Published: December 2024

Obesity control is a significant public health challenge in Indonesia, contributing to chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. Adequate fiber intake effectively reduces obesity risk by increasing satiety and improving digestive function. This study aims to analyze the differences in nutritional content, fiber, and acceptability among three cookie formulations with the addition of Kepok banana flour (Musa paradisiaca L.) and red kidney bean flour (Phaseolus vulgaris) for adult obesity control. This experimental study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) involving various cookie formulations. Each formulation was tested for nutritional content, including protein, fat, carbohydrates, and fiber, as well as acceptability through organoleptic tests. Data analysis was conducted using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test for normally distributed and homogeneous data. For non-normally distributed data, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used. Organoleptic tests were analyzed using the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. The results showed significant differences among formulations in terms of nutritional content and acceptability. Based on organoleptic test results, F3 had the best acceptability. This study recommends further research with long-term clinical trials to evaluate the impact of these cookies on comprehensive obesity control.
DAYA TERIMA DAN NILAI GIZI BISKUIT DENGAN SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG GARBANZO (Cicer arietinum L.) DAN PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG WORTEL
Authors: Dewi Arifa Mustika , Bahar Asrul
Published: December 2024

Innovation has encouraged the development of snack products such as high-fiber biscuits by substituting garbanzo flour (Cicer arietinum L.) and the addition of carrot flour. This study aims to determine the effect of the substitution of garbanzo flour, the addition of carrot flour, and the interaction of the two factors on the acceptability of biscuits based on color, aroma, taste, and crunchiness, as well as the energy and fiber content contained in the best biscuit formula based on the acceptability test results. The research was conducted experimentally, using a two-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor was the substitution of garbanzo flour, and the second factor was the addition of carrot flour. An acceptability test was carried out with six biscuit recipes (F1 = 40% Garbanzo Flour, 10% Carrot Flour; F2 = 40% Garbanzo Flour, 20% Carrot Flour; F3 = 60% Garbanzo Flour, 10% Carrot Flour; F4 = 60% Garbanzo Flour, 20% Carrot Flour; F5 = 80% Garbanzo Flour, 10% Carrot Flour; F6 = 80% Garbanzo Flour, 20% Carrot Flour), which were subsequently analyzed using Two-Ways Annova for parametric statistics and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The Acceptability Test was conducted in Tangerang and Surabaya with 50 untrained panelists. The results of the study found that there was an effect of garbanzo flour substitution on color (p=0.003) and no effect on aroma (p=0.835), crispness (p=0.136), and taste (p=0.241); there was an effect on the addition of carrot flour on color (p=0.002), aroma (p=0.000), taste (p=0.000), and crispness (p=0.000); there was an influence on the interaction between the two on color (p=0.036), aroma (p=0.047), taste (p=0.000), and crispness (p=0.013). According to SNI 01-2973-1992 Biscuits and Nutritional Adequacy Rates, the best biscuit formula based on the acceptability test is the F3 formula biscuit product which meets the criteria for low energy of 271.40 kcal (maximum 400 kcal) and high fiber of 4.01 g (minimum 0.5) per 100 g of biscuit; The selling price of biscuits per package weighing 100 g containing 16 biscuits is Rp22,000.00.
ANALISIS PUCUK MEMENUHI SYARAT (PMS) DAN UJI ORGANOLEPTIK TEH HIJAU
Authors: Jasmine Tiara Adinda , Rahmadhia Safinta Nurindra
Published: December 2024

Product quality is very important to ensure that the products produced are of high quality and safe for consumers. Therefore, product quality control is carried out on raw materials, namely qualified shoot analysis. In addition to ensuring the quality of raw materials, organoleptic testing is also carried out on the final product to assess the overall quality. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the quality control of green tea products is in accordance with the company's operational standards (SOP) or not. Qualified shoot analysis is carried out in accordance with the standards of PT Chakra Dewata Tea Plantation. There are 3 parameters, namely Qualified Shoots (PMS), Unqualified Shoots (PTMS), and Damaged. Organoleptic tests are carried out in accordance with the company's quality standards which refer to SNI 3945: 2016 green tea quality requirements. Organoleptic test quality characteristics include appearance, taste, liquor, and In Fussion parameters. The results of observations on the analysis of qualified shoots PMS parameters afdeling flat kiara has the highest average of 37.19%, PTMS afdeling gunung maud has the highest average of 62.97%, then damaged parameters with the highest average found in afdeling flat kiara which is 5.50%. The average grading results on BT #8033, SM 315, and Fanning 58 tea types are C/2.6/36/c; C/2.7/37/c; and C/2.8/38/c, respectively.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN SMOOTHIES PISANG (Musa paradisiaca) DAN KURMA (Phoenix dactylifera L.) SEBELUM LATIHAN TERHADAP KELELAHAN OTOT PADA ATLET BELA DIRI DI SKOI SAMARINDA
Authors: Putri Birgita Andrea , Utami Riana Pangestu , Mulyani Rieska Indah
Published: December 2024

Muscle fatigue was very influential on the performance of athletes during training and competition. Muscle fatigue occured due to activities that require more energy in a short time. Bananas and dates contain carbohydrates and potassium are high enough to be used to provide energy quickly and store muscle glycogen reserves. This study aims to determine the impact of banana smoothies on the index of muscle fatigue in athletes. This study used Quasi-experimental design of pre-posttest control group design. The subjects were martial arts athletes SKOI Samarinda totaling 42 people. The treatment given was to give as much as of date banana smoothies as 200 ml 60 minutes before post-test testing. Measurement of muscle fatigue index using Test Running - based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST). Giving date banana smoothies significantly affected the muscle fatigue index of martial arts athletes SKOI Samarinda (p<0.05). The results of bivariate analysis using Mann - Whitney test showed that there was a significant difference in muscle fatigue index of martial arts athletes SKOI Samarinda between the water treatment group and the treatment group of date banana smoothies after treatment (p<0.05). Intervention of date banana smoothies proved to be effective in preventing muscle fatigue in martial arts athletes.
Preparation of Proton-Conducting Solid Electrolyte Membrane Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan Complexed with Ammonium Acetate
Authors: Berghuis Nila Tanyela , Fridarima Shanny , Rachmadhanti Elvira Nur , Sudaryanto Sudaryanto , Ndruru Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo
Published: December 2024

This research aims to prepare the proton-conducting solid electrolyte membrane based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) complexed with ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4). The membranes were prepared by using casting solution technique where the various weight percentages of ammonium acetate mixed to CMCh for obtaining optimum condition based on ionic conductivity analysis. Some characterizations were conducted to analysis the functional groups (involving complexation studies), ionic conductivities, mechanical properties, crystallinities, and thermal analysis by using FTIR, EIS, tensile tester, XRD, and TGA. The results showed that the optimum proton conductivity was obtained at the addition of 40% (w/w) CH3COONH4 salt as high as 1.39×10-4 S/cm and a tensile strength of 9.06 MPa. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the optimum condition of the membrane shows good characteristics to be applied as a proton conducting solid electrolyte.
Keywords: Ammonium acetate, carboxymethyl chitosan, polymer electrolyte, proton conductivity, proton-conducting membrane
Influence of Chitosan and Alginate as Reinforcement Towards Sugar Palm Starch-Based Hydrogel
Authors: Zahra Tazkia Qonita , Nizardo Noverra Mardhatillah , Restu Witta Kartika
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, hydrogel has a wide range of applications, such as in the biomedical field, due to its excellent biocompatibility. Hydrogel may be synthesized using biomaterials that are abundantly found in the natural environment. This research involved the synthesis of a hydrogel using sugar palm starch as the base material, but hydrogel made from starch has lower chemical and physical properties. To enhance its chemical, physical, and mechanical properties, alginate and chitosan were incorporated as reinforcing agents because they can form strong gels, which might be due to the interaction of the amino (-NH2) group from chitosan and carboxyl (-COO-) group from alginate with the hydroxyl (-OH) group from starch. The objective of the study was to determine the best reinforcing agents for the formation of two sugar palm-based hydrogel formulations: sugar palm starch/chitosan hydrogel and sugar palm starch/alginate hydrogel, with good chemical, physical and mechanical properties, such as thickness, swelling ratio, water contact angle, functional group, mechanical properties including tensile strength, and elongation at break, surface morphology images, and thermal properties. The result showed that the hydrogel composed of sugar palm starch and chitosan as reinforcing agent exhibited better characteristics than alginate, indicating their potential for biomedical application as shown by its result in swelling ratio with value of 67.81±0.11%, average tensile strength of 0.113±0.04 MPa and elongation at a break value of 37.83±7.0%.
Keywords: Alginate, chitosan, hydrogel, Sugar palm starch
Antioxidant Activity of Aloe vera and Prediction of Interaction Mechanisms on ROS1 Kinase and Collagenase Receptorsco
Authors: Atun Sri , Aznam Nurfina , Arianingrum Retno , Azeeza Sabira Nurul , Sangal Aditi
Published: December 2024

The Aloe vera plant has been widely used as a food ingredient, medicine and cosmetics. This research aims to test the gel and ethanol extract of Aloe vera leaves as an antioxidant and absorber of UV light in vitro, as well as predicting the interaction mechanism for ROS1 kinase and collagenase receptors in silico.The antioxidant activity test method was carried out in vitro using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl-Hydrazine) reagent. Activity as a UV light absorber is carried out by calculating the sun protected factor (SPF) value. The antiaging activity test was carried out by predicting the interaction mechanism of the ROS1 kinase and collagenase receptors in silico using several phenolic compounds that have been found in Aloe vera. The total phenolic content of Aloe vera ethanol extract was 379.136 ± 0.34 GAE/g sample, while that of Aloe vera gel was 0.0619 ± 0.04 GAE/g sample. Aloe vera ethanol extract showed moderate antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 101.9 µg/mL, and is able to absorb UV light at concentrations of 0.05% and 0.1% with ultra protection criteria. Several phenolic compounds found in Aloe vera plants showed high binding energy to ROS1 kinase and collagenase receptors. Isoquercitrin showed the highest binding energy to the ROS1 kinase receptor, while isovitexin showed the highest binding energy to the collagenase receptor. The conclusion of this research showed that Aloe vera leaves contain compounds that have potential as antioxidants and antiaging.
Keywords: Aloe vera, antioxidant, antiaging, ROS1 kinase, collagenase
Exploring The Inhibition of SARS-COV-2 PLpro: Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Flavonoid in Red Fruit Papua and Its Derivatives
Authors: Ananto Agus Dwi , Pranowo Harno Dwi , Haryadi Winarto , Prasetyo Niko
Published: December 2024

In early 2024, Covid-19 witnessed a substantial decline in cases. Nevertheless, with lingering cases and fatalities persisting, it remains crucial to focus on research to develop patented medicines to inhibit the spread of this virus effectively. This study focuses on the Papain-like protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 because of its crucial role in the viral life cycle, where it is vital for processing precursor proteins into functional components required for viral replication and propagation. This study investigated the inhibitory potential of flavonoid compounds derived from red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) and their derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 PLpro. Employing an in silico approach through molecular docking and MD simulation, internal validation was conducted by redocking the native ligand 100 times, resulting in an average RMSD of 0.228. The Molecular Docking stage conducted for all flavonoid compounds found in red fruit revealed that Quercetin 3′-glucoside exhibited a binding energy of -8.2440 Kcal/mol, surpassing its comparators, remdesivir and paxlovid, which recorded binding energies of -8.2590 Kcal/mol and -7.2170 Kcal/mol, respectively. Consequently, Quercetin 3′-glucoside was selected as a reference compound for identifying derivative compounds. Subsequently, a derivative compound coded DN5 (2-hydroxy-5-(3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)phenyl 2-methoxybenzoate) was obtained, demonstrating a higher binding energy than the reference compound, remdesivir, and paxlovid, with a value of -8.9300 Kcal/mol. Molecular dynamic simulations over 100 ns at 300 K further validated the stability of DN5's structure, supported by the presence of hydrogen bonds, van der Waals bonds, and several other bonds, underscoring its potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 PLpro and positioning it as a promising candidate for drug development.
Keywords: Docking, MD Simulation, red fruit, SARS-CoV-2 PLpro
Docking-Based Virtual Screening to Identify the Cysteine Protease Falcipain-2 Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Darmin Wa Ode Yentri Putia Ningtiyas , Arfan Arfan , Ruslin Ruslin , Wu Chun , Arba Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium protozoan parasites that transmit via the female Anopheles sp. mosquito. Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium knowlesi are the five Plasmodium species known to infect humans. P. falciparum is the most virulent species, causing the most deaths worldwide. The decrease in efficacy of most antimalarials suggests drug resistance. Therefore, the development of new effective antimalarials, particularly against novel targets, was still required. Cysteine protease falcipain-2 (CPF-2) plays a role in hemoglobin degradation; therefore, inhibiting the activity of this enzyme could be a viable antimalarial target. This study aimed to identify a potential inhibitor for the CPF-2 with PDB ID 3BPF from the ZINC15 database for treating malaria. This study employs a virtual screening workflow with HTVS, SP, and XP docking methods on the Glide Maestro Schrodinger. Based on the glide XP docking score, 10 hit compounds were identified, and their conformational interactions with CPF-2 were compared to the natural ligand (E-64). The binding energy values of hit compounds vary from -7.131 kcal/mol to -8.074 kcal/mol, which is more negative than the E-64 (-6.011 kcal/mol). The three best compounds identified from the ZINC15 database are ZINC000025691540, ZINC000096436101, and ZINC000097797430. All the hit compounds discovered similar interaction with E-64, specifically on the CPF-2 binding pocket residues with Gln36, Cys42, Gly83, Asn173, and His174. All hit compounds exhibit suitable Lipinski rule profiles and are potentially evaluated experimentally as CPF-2 enzyme inhibitor candidates.
Keywords: cysteine protease falcipain-2, malaria, molecular docking, Plasmodium falciparum, virtual screening
Authors: Maulana Ahmad Rifqi , Yuniarto Abdul Hakim Prima
Published: December 2024

The increase in theft cases in Central Java, particularly in Pekalongan, highlights the need for a more effective home security system. This research designs an IoT-based security system using the NodeMCU ESP8266 and an Android application for remote control. The system includes an RFID module for controlling the solenoid doorlock, LDR and laser sensors for detecting intruders, a magnetic sensor to trigger an alarm if a window is forcibly opened, an LCD for the user interface, and a push button as a doorbell. The Blynk application is used for remote control and notifications. Testing results show that this system effectively enhances home security and provides peace of mind to the homeowner.
Analisis Kelayakan Finansial pada Proyeksi Bisnis Sentra Mebel di Kabupaten XYZ
Authors: Khasanah Annisa Uswatun , Wicaksono Z Arifin , Suryani Dewi Amanatun , Permanawati Zaenab Fitria
Published: December 2024

MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) play a crucial role in supporting Indonesia’s economy, including the furniture sector, which holds significant development potential. XYZ Regency is well-known as a furniture MSME hub with products exported widely. However, challenges such as raw material cutting efficiency, production quality standardization, and limited working capital remain obstacles for business actors. The XYZ Regency Government is planning to develop a furniture industrial center to improve community welfare, increase global market competitiveness, and benefit various stakeholders. This study aims to evaluate the business feasibility of a furniture industrial center in XYZ from a financial perspective. The quantitative method used involved data collection through surveys and questionnaires engaging 1,155 furniture MSMEs in A and B Subdistricts. Analysis was conducted by calculating cost of goods manufactured (COGM), labor costs, overhead, and projected profit and loss. The results indicate that annual labor costs reach IDR 1,513,046,088, overhead is IDR 997,270,000, and non-production operational costs are IDR 724,560,000. The estimated Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) is IDR 3,234,876,088, with annual revenue potential of IDR 4,464,000,000 and a net profit of IDR 629,123,912. Projections show that the Break-Even Point (BEP) is expected to be achieved between the 8th and 9th years, with optimum operational targets being reached by the 10th year. This study provides a basis for XYZ Regency Government to make informed decisions regarding the development of the furniture industrial center business in the future.
Peningkatan Produktivitas Hasil Pertanian Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair dari Tanaman Purun
Authors: Kalalinggi Septaria Yolan , Kumalasari Meiyanti Ratna , Beladona Siti Unvaresi Misonia , Putra Riandy , Pratika Remi Ayu
Published: December 2024

The influence of the utilization of chemical fertilizers on agricultural land has a negative impact on the environment since it can reduce soil fertility and pollute air and water. Currently, the use of chemical fertilizers is starting to be reduced. The development of organic fertilizers derived from natural ingredients began to be developed, where the advantages of using organic fertilizers are easy to obtain, environmentally friendly, and low production costs. The Community Empowerment Assistance Lecturer Program was carried out in Tuwung Village, Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan. This program is carried out in order to empower farmers as an effort to increase the productivity of their agricultural products. The aims of this program are; 1). Provide training to farmers related to how to make liquid organic fertilizer from purun plants; and 2).  Determine the effectiveness of the implementation of training on increasing farmers' knowledge in making liquid organic fertilizer. Training activities were presented to the introduction of purun plants and their potential as materials for making liquid organic fertilizer. Next, the activity continued with a demonstration of how to make liquid organic fertilizer from purun plants. Finally, the farmers were asked to practice directly making liquid organic fertilizer. The results of this training had an positive response on the knowledge and skills of farmers in Tuwung Village, Pulang Pisau Regency, in making liquid organic fertilizer. In addition, this activity is considered effective and efficient based on the results of the evaluation in accordance with the target achievement.
New therapeutic targets in the management of advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Gomila Pons Paula , Blanco Abad Carmen , Pazo-Cid Roberto
Published: December 2024

The treatment of advanced gastric cancer remains challenging due to its late diagnosis and aggressive nature. HER2 inhibitors like trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) show significant efficacy in HER2-positive gastric cancer. Drugs targeting claudin 18.2 such as zolbetuximab and drugs targeting fibroblast growth factor 2b such as bemarituzumab have shown promising results in clinical trials. Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab exhibit striking efficacy in select patient cohorts, particularly those exhibiting microsatellite instability. This review highlights the transformative potential of emerging therapeutic targets in the fight against advanced gastric cancer, emphasizing the need for ongoing innovation and clinical research.
PENERAPAN JUSTICE COLLABORATOR DALAM REPOSISI PENEGAKAN HUKUM INDONESIA PADA KASUS PERSEKONGKOLAN GABUNGAN TENDER
Authors: Ardani Muhamad Yasirni Bilhikam
Published: December 2024

This article discusses law enforcement challenges related to joint tender conspiracies. The number of tender conspiracy instances has not decreased because to law enforcement deficiencies. Thus, a justice collaborator is required to provide conspiracy case facts. Law enforcement improves in the case. This article addresses problem formulation. First, how is Indonesian joint tender conspiracy law enforcement developing? Second, how do justice collaborators reorient law enforcement in joint tender conspiracy cases? To answer research problems, the author combines doctrinal legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. This journal article discusses law enforcement evolution in joint tender conspiracy instances and justice collaborators' role in repositioning law enforcement. This second topic will cover the justice collaborator mechanism and game theory in economics. This article suggests that it helps justice collaborators identify joint tender conspiracy occurrences in the KPPU Assembly, simplifying law enforcement and enabling the commission assembly reach the fairest result.
Geochemical and Magnetic Suseptibility Analysis for Critical Minerals Detection in Igneous Rocks and Beach Sand
Authors: Hariyanto Yensi , Zulaikah Siti , Hapsoro Cahyo Aji , Maulida Shofi , Zakly Hanif 'Izzudin , Muztaza Nordiana Mohd , Suadi Daeng Achmad , Pratama Aditya , Hamdi Hamdi
Published: December 2024

Critical minerals are an important natural resource that will continue to be necessary for modern industries. This study aims to determine the distribution of critical minerals based on geochemical data and magnetic susceptibility. Samples were taken from Lenggoksono beach, Southern Malang. The determination of chemical elements was conducted using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Rare Earth Elements (REE) were identified using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out using a Barrington Magnetic Susceptibility Meter (MS2B). The results showed that the dominant elements were Silica Oxide, SiO2 (70 Wt%), Iron Oxide, Fe2O3 (14.05 Wt%), and Calcium Oxide CaO (5.57 Wt%), which were categorized as critical minerals. The average REE elements detected were Cerium, Ce (6.75 mg/kg), Gadolinium, Gd (5.98 mg/kg), Neodymium, Nd (13.56 mg/kg), Praseodymium, Pr (6.62 mg/kg), Terbium, Tb (5.57 mg/kg), and Yttrium, Y (10.98 mg/kg). The magnetic susceptibility ranges from 13.27 to 4143.47 × 10-8m3/kg. Pearson’s Correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between low-frequency magnetic susceptibility (ꭓlf) and high-frequency magnetic susceptibility (ꭓhf) with a significance level of 0.01. ꭓlf and ꭓhf also showed a significant correlation with Gd, with a correlation value of R² = 0.84 and a significance level of 0.05. These results indicate that the presence of one critical mineral can serve as a clue to the presence of other critical minerals, and magnetic susceptibility can be used as a proxy indicator for critical minerals in natural materials.
Creating Folklore in the 21st Century: Oral Histories and the Kutztown Folk Festival
Authors: Schlegel Jennifer
Published: December 2024

This study examines how Pennsylvania Dutch people maintain their heritage and express their identity through oral histories at the Kutztown Folk Festival, an annual celebration of the traditions and contemporary practices of the Pennsylvania Dutch. This folklife festival is the oldest continuously held festival of its kind in the United States. It emphasizes current cultural practices while honoring its cultural heritage through entertainment and education. Many of the educational events occur at the Seminar Stage, the site for the collection of oral histories of “Growing Up Dutch”. Festival participants provide remembrances of the early years of the festival and their Pennsylvania Dutch childhoods. These individual remembrances become meta-folklore and contribute to a community resource for understanding Pennsylvania Dutch identity and belonging in the 21st century, more than three hundred years after the origin of this distinct American ethnic group.
The Effectiveness of Partnerships for Sustainable Development: Mapping the Literature; Questioning the Assumptions
Authors: Faul Moira , Gabriel Bart , Andonova Liliana
Published: December 2024

Partnerships that bring together public, private and voluntary sectors are increasingly promoted as a key tool in addressing sustainable development. Paradoxically, however, knowledge of the effectiveness of partnerships is limited, and fragmented across several academic disciplines despite their common research topic. As research into the effectiveness of partnerships is developing in this disjointed manner, it is important to surface the structuring of the academic landscape of partnership effectiveness research, and the assumptions on which it rests. We therefore map the partnership effectiveness research across several disciplines, question the main assumptions made by partnership effectiveness researchers, and propose new directions for partnership effectiveness research. By centering effectiveness, our article moves the field beyond discipline-centric, issue-specific questions to call for interdisciplinary, cross-cutting analysis that challenges assumptions in the existing literature.
Groundwater modelling and GIS-based vulnerability mapping coupled with evolutionary heuristic optimization in the eastern coast of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abba S. I. , Benaafi Mohammed , Usman A. G. , Ozsahin Dilber Uzun , Tawabini Bassam , Aljundi Isam H.
Published: December 2024

Developing an efficient and reliable intelligent approach to the available groundwater (GW) resources appears crucial for achieving Saudi Vision 2030 on the availability of freshwater resources, the prosperity of people, and economic development. The present study is based on a real-field investigation and experimental analysis using ion chromatography (IC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Subsequently, ArcGIS 10.3 software and artificial intelligence (AI)-based metaheuristic optimization (MO) were used to create vulnerability maps and a modelling schema for the potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) in the coastal region of eastern Saudi Arabia, respectively. For this purpose, extreme gradient boosting (XG-Boost) was used as a standalone model while differential evolution (DE) and firefly algorithms (FA) as optimization techniques. The results were validated using different statistical indices and graphical visualization. The optimal objective function for each data set through multiple iterations based on the root means square error (RMSE) index and the number of features was done using DE algorithms. The performance results of the optimized XGBoost algorithm (DE-XGBoost and FA-XGBoost) and the XGBoost algorithm indicated that FA algorithms outperformed merit with high accuracy for both K+ and Na+. The numerical comparison depicted that the mean absolute error (MAE) for K+ and Na+ FA-XGBoost was 0.0173 and 0.028, respectively. The results showed that the FA-XGBoost method produced more accurate K+ and Na+ prediction GIS-maps than the other two algorithms. Hence, the current results justified the potential use of the intelligent tool for water resources management.
Effects of Vitamin D, Calcium, and Phosphorus on Sleep Quality, Quality of Life and Psychological Symptoms in Behçet's Disease: A Hierarchical Regression Analysis
Authors: Sari Fulden , Alp Gülay
Published: December 2024

Vitamin D has been stated to be related to a variety of chronic, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases, one of which is BD. The aim was to investigate the effects of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus on sleep, quality of life, anxiety, and depression in patients with Behçet's disease (BD). The study analyzed 61 patients with BD. Vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus levels were measured. Sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)), quality of life (Behçet's Disease Quality of Life Scale (BDQLS)), anxiety, and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)) were evaluated in the study. Patients with vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml exhibited poor sleep quality in comparison to those who were above 20 ng/ml. The correlation chart generated using R Studio indicated a weak correlation between vitamin D levels and PSQI, while a weak correlation was observed between calcium and HADS. There was no significant relationship between phosphorus level, PSQI, BDQLS, and HADS. The hierarchical regression analysis backward approach indicated that the PSQI (β=-.295, t=-2.375, p = .021) was a significant and dependent predictor of the vitamin D level in patients with BD. The HADS (β=-.316, t=-2.562, p = .013) were significant and dependent predictors of the calcium level in these patients. In patients with BD, vitamin D levels affect sleep quality, whereas calcium affects anxiety and depression.
Preventive role of Pastinaca sativa in mitigating metabolic dysfunction- associated steatotic liver disease via modulation of metabolic endotoxemia
Authors: Park Ji-Eun , Lee Hye-Bin , Lee Yu Ra , Yoo Guijae , Son Hee-Kyoung , Choi Sang Yoon , Park Miri , Park Ho-Young
Published: December 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a major contributor to liver disorders worldwide. Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) has been utilized in food and medicine for centuries, owing to its high content of dietary fiber and various pharmacological properties. Although the health benefits of this root vegetable have been reported, its anti- MASLD effects remain largely understudied. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prebiotic effects of a parsnip root water-soluble extract (PRE) and its alleviatory effects against MASLD and metabolic endotoxemia in a mouse model. Mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with 50 and 100 mg/kg of PRE for eight weeks. Mice administered with PRE exhibited reduced fat accumulation and serum metabolic changes that were associated with liver injury. Furthermore, PRE treatment reduced the hepatic lipogenic protein levels that were elevated by the high-fat diet. This extract improved intestinal barrier function by modulating endotoxin, intestinal permeability, and tight junction protein expression. This confirms that PRE is associated with improved gut health. These findings suggest that oral administration of PRE may prevent MASLD and improve metabolic health, which can facilitate the use of this extract as a dietary supplement.
The spontaneously regressing retinopathy of prematurity led to immature development of the macula in the early postnatal period
Authors: Cai， Xiaojing , Zhou Xiaohong , Wu Tiancheng , Li Yian , Yang Weiming , Yang Chenhao
Published: December 2024

Purpose
To evaluate the macular development in preterm infants with spontaneously regressed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) utilizing handheld spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) during the early postnatal period.
Design:
A cross-sectional observational study.
Methods
Using handheld SD-OCT, OCT images were acquired in non-sedated infants ages about 37 weeks(w) post-menstrual-age (PMA = gestational age in weeks + chronological age). Central foveal thickness (CFT), mean parafoveal thickness (PT, mean of the temporal and nasal-lateral retinal thickness 1000 µm from the foveal center), the thickness of inner retina layers (IRL) and outer retina layers (ORL) of the foveal center and parafoveal, the depth of the macular fovea (FD), and the angle of the macular fovea (FA) were measured and analyzed.
Results
In contrast to the infants without ROP, OCT images of the infants with spontaneously regressed ROP were more immature. The FD of Group 2 was shallower than Group 1 (P < 0.05); CFT and the foveal center IRL (FIRL) of Group 2 were thicker than Group 1 (P < 0.05); conversely, PT and the mean parafoveal IRL (PIRL) of Group 2 were thinner than Group 1 (P < 0.05); FA of Group 2 was bigger than Group 1 (P < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference in the foveal center ORL (FORL) and the mean parafoveal ORL (PORL) between Groups 1 and 2 (P > 0.05). Furthermore, in preterm infants, ROP was moderately correlated with FD, CFT, PT, FIRL, and PIRL (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The spontaneously regressed ROP resulted in immature macular development in the early postnatal period. The inner retinal layers mainly contribute to this but not the outer retinal layers, indicating that the macular fovea's inner and outer retina layers developed asynchronously. ROP is an influential factor in macular development and maturation. This may be associated with the higher probability of visual impairment in children with a history of spontaneous regression of ROP at a prior time.
Design and analysis of a power transmission system for 55 kW electric tractor using agricultural workload data
Authors: Baek Seung-Min , Jeon Hyeon-Ho , Kim Yong-Joo
Published: December 2024

In this study, an e-powertrain system for 55 kW electric tractors was designed and analyzed using agricultural workload data. The electric tractor power transmission system structure was analyzed, and three types were selected: the single-motor, the dual-motor, and the dual-motor including a planetary gear set (PGS). Load measurement and analysis during agricultural operations were performed to determine motor specifications and compare the characteristics of these three structures. Type I is a single-motor type and exhibits the highest torque and output of 62.8 kW at 199.5 Nm. Since the engine is replaced with a motor, a conventional transmission system with a clutch is adopted. Types II and III are dual-motor types and are classified by the use of a PGS. The PTO motor specifications are the same, namely, approximately 55.3 kW at 176.0 Nm. Notably, when a PGS is employed, the driving motor specifications can be significantly reduced from 58.4 kW at 185.3 Nm to 11.8 kW at 37.7 Nm. Hence, this is advantageous for saving space and optimizing the layout, which are key design elements of electric tractors. This study could facilitate future optimization and development.