bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jigsaw Variations and Attitudes About Learning and the Self in Cognitive Psychology
Authors: Crone Travis S. , Portillo Mary C.
Published: May 2013

Jigsaw classroom research has primarily explored racial relationships at the primary and secondary educational levels. The present study explored whether the jigsaw classroom would have an effect on students’ attitudes about their own academic abilities and practices at the university level. The present study also sought to illuminate the necessary time course for the technique. Three sections of students in a cognitive psychology course participated. One section received a full jigsaw exposure, one received a reduced jigsaw exposure, and one received no jigsaw exposure. Posttests reveal that students given the full jigsaw exposure report an increased ability to teach psychological concepts to other students compared to the control condition. Moreover, there is evidence that the jigsaw technique increases the students’ ability to communicate orally and their belief in themselves as scholars.
A Size–Distance Scaling Demonstration Based on the Holway–Boring Experiment
Authors: Gallagher Shawn P. , Hoefling Crystal L.
Published: May 2013

We explored size–distance scaling with a demonstration based on the classic Holway–Boring experiment. Undergraduate psychology majors estimated the sizes of two glowing paper circles under two conditions. In the first condition, the environment was dark and, with no depth cues available, participants ranked the circles according to their angular sizes. In the second condition, the environment was illuminated and, with depth cues available, the students ranked the circles according to actual physical size. The demonstration replicated the key elements of the original experiment, and objective and subjective measures indicated that it improved understanding of size–distance scaling. We also describe variants of the experiment suitable for different instructional environments.
Normativity and friendship choices among ethnic majority- and minority-group children
Authors: Leman Patrick J. , Ben-Hmeda Malak , Cox Jo , Loucas Christina , Seltzer-Eade Sophia , Hine Ben
Published: May 2013

Two-hundred-and-fifty-eight White British (ethnic majority) and British South Asian (minority) children (5, 9 and 13 years old) chose potential friends from descriptions of peers who had traits and preferences that were either consistent (normative) or inconsistent (deviant) with ethnic group membership. White children chose peers from the ethnic ingroup. Younger Asian children (5 years) more often selected an outgroup peer, although ingroup choices increased with age (9 and 13 years). Normativity and strength of ethnic identification did not affect choices. However, children who selected an outgroup child tended to have more cross-ethnic friendships than those who did not. The implications for theories of group dynamics and intergroup contact are discussed.
Industry Identity in an Oligopolistic Market and Firms’ Responses to Institutional Pressures
Authors: Dhalla Rumina , Oliver Christine
Published: May 2013

This study sought to explain the puzzle of firm noncompliance under conditions of highly salient and coercive institutional pressures from stakeholders. Based on a qualitative study of the Canadian banking industry’s responses to institutional pressures from government, clients, and the media for higher-quality banking service to small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs), results revealed that oligopoly power could not account exclusively for firms’ dismissiveness of salient stakeholder expectations. We introduce the concept of industry identity to explain how market power interacted with industry identity to predict firms’ nonconformity to institutional pressures and their willingness to maintain identity–image misalignment. Our study contributes new insights into theories of institutional conformity, identity, and oligopoly behavior.
Piety, laity and Royalty:Jains under the Mughals in the first half of the seventeenth century
Authors: Jain Shalin
Published: May 2013

This article explores the ‘community–state relationship’ during post-Akbar Mughal rule, a largely marginalised arena in the existing historiography. Contrary to Akbar’s religious–spiritual discourse with Jain ascetics, the second phase of Jain–Mughal engagement under Jahangir and Shahjahan saw a materialistic engagement with the Jain merchants who were slowly gaining eminence as the representatives of their community in their interaction with Mughal royalty. However, Mughal policies of social negotiations with the Jains more or less continued amidst minor hiccups, that is, two banishment orders issued by Jahangir against the Jains. The situational context and content of various farmans issued by Shahjahan, Murad Baksh and Aurangzeb as well as imperial actions argue in favour of a basic continuation in the policies of the Mughal state to negotiate social harmony and to expand its own social base. The ideological underpinning of the Mughal emperors into their relations with the Jains reflects the subtleties of the making of Mughal India necessary to understand the complexities of the period under review. In the larger context, this fusion symbolises the ethos of a composite culture as a routine matter of the medieval society even under an autocratic rule.
The Nuqṭavī Movement and the Question of Its Exodus during the Ṣafavid Period (Sixteenth Century AD): A Historical Survey
Authors: Barzegar Karim Najafi
Published: May 2013

The Nuqṭavī Ṣūfī order, an offshoot of the Ḥurūffiayya sect of Islam, emerged during the late fourteenth century in Persia under the spiritual guidance of Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī as a political religious force to reckon with. It projected itself as representative of old glory of Persian culture which, it felt, was undermined under ‘Arab and Turkish influence. Their ideology made them critical of the sixteenth century Ṣafavid rulers’ encouragement of Turkish language and culture. This brought them in confrontation with the Ṣafavids who considered themselves as protectors of Islam and, therefore, attacked the Nuqṭavīs as heretics. The attack resulted in their large scale persecution and mass exodus to the Mughal court and Shia kingdoms of Deccan. Nuqṭavīs were leading figures who were reported to have exercised great influence at the Mughal court. At one point even Abū-I Faẓl, Akbar’s ideologue, came under its sway and was able to impress upon Akbar to write to Shāh ‘Abbās to exercise restraint over religious persecution.
Gendered Geographies of Reproductive Tourism
Authors: Deomampo Daisy
Published: May 2013

This article explores the intersections of power within transnational surrogacy in India, using the lens of geography to examine surrogate women’s and commissioning parents’ experiences and perceptions of space and mobility. The author analyzes ethnographic data within a geographical framework to examine how actors embody and experience power relations through space and movement, revealing how power is not simply about who moves and who doesn’t. Rather, in recognizing the specificity of the Indian context, and how different actors inhabit and move through distinct spaces, a geographical lens reveals the shifting complexity of structures of agency and power. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork in India, the author traces how both surrogate mothers and commissioning parents experience moments of mobility and movement punctuated by intervals of immobility and stillness, in distinct ways that illuminate the power relations inherent in transnational reproduction.
Analysis of corrective characteristics of various polishing methods for mid-frequency errors
Authors: Pan Ri , Wang Zhen-Zhong , Guo Yin-Biao , Wang Chun-Jin , Liang Kai
Published: May 2013

The theoretical analysis of corrective characteristics of three kinds of polishing methods for mid-frequency errors was studied, which was aimed to confirm the possibility that computer control optical surfacing and computer control active-lap can be replaced by bonnet polishing in the machining process. The first step was to calculate the removal functions of three kinds of polishing technologies and use fast Fourier transform to figure out the frequency spectrum of each method. After that, according to the frequency spectra, curves of cut-off frequencies related to the working ranges of spatial frequencies errors were obtained. It revealed that the affected scope of spatial frequencies is determined by the polishing method, diameter size of polishing tool and shape of removal function. Moreover, only low-frequency errors could be modified and mid-frequency errors could not be corrected or created by computer control active-lap, and computer control optical surfacing can correct part of the mid-frequency errors and low-frequency errors in the polishing process, but at the same time can produce some new mid-frequency errors; as for bonnet polishing, it can be computer control active-lap-like in smoothing which only modified and created the low-frequency errors or computer control optical surfacing-like which corrected and created the mid-frequency errors in local polishing. Otherwise, the efficiency of bonnet polishing is higher than the other two methods. As a result, seen from the point of correction ability of mid-frequency or polishing efficiency, bonnet polishing could replace computer control active-lap and computer control optical surfacing for finishing two polishing stages by only one tool, which is significant to extending the application of bonnet polishing in optical manufacturing.
Design of an analytical fault tolerant attitude determination system using Euler angles and rotation matrices for a three-axis satellite
Authors: Bolandi Hossein , Abedi Mostafa , Nasrollahi Saeed
Published: May 2013

This article presents a fault tolerant attitude determination system for a three-axis satellite including a sun sensor and a magnetometer. The suggested methodology is developed based on all possible rotations between reference and body frames and computation of Euler angles by them. Using the resulted Euler angles, some variance measures have been derived that offer a solution for analytical model-free fault detection. It is demonstrated that by categorizing different computation methods, the contaminated measurement data could be isolated. Also, utilizing the methods in which the contaminated data are not used, we can continue to provide correct Euler angles. The cited features provide a fault tolerant attitude determination system that always generates the correct attitude angles for attitude control purposes. Since these algorithms are model-free, the fault detection and isolation in the attitude determination system is accomplished independent of the health status of actuators in the attitude control system. In this article, through extensive simulation studies, the desired performance and accuracy of the outlined methods are demonstrated.
Millisecond-scale shock-train evolution in high-pressure ratio nozzles: Schlieren imaging and qualitative analysis of shock–boundary layer interaction
Authors: Keanini RG , Tkacik PT , Srivastava N , Thorsett-Hill K , Tomsyck J
Published: May 2013

The classical picture of shock evolution in nozzles holds that under over-expanded flow conditions, a single, nominally normal shock exists within the nozzle. Focusing on the highly dynamic flow produced during blow-down of an experimental, high-nozzle pressure ratio, planar nozzle, this article presents visual evidence that shock-trains – here, a pair of parallel, nominally normal shocks – dominate the rapidly evolving flow field. Three principal results are presented in this study. First, high-speed schlieren images of the evolving nozzle flow are reported. Second, a simple qualitative model of shock–boundary layer/recirculation zone interaction is proposed and used to explain observed millisecond-scale shock-train structure. Third, limited wall pressure measurements and schlieren images are combined to propose a second qualitative model of shock-train–boundary layer/recirculation zone evolution on the longer blow-down process time-scale. The results provide insight into millisecond-scale compressible flow dynamics within high-nozzle pressure ratios .
Dynamics and relative equilibrium of spacecraft formation with non-contacting internal forces
Authors: Huang Huan , Yang Leping , Zhu Yanwei , Zhang Yuanwen
Published: May 2013

Non-contacting internal forces among multiple spacecrafts have several advantages such as no propellant consumption and plume contamination and provide a novel approach for spacecraft formation flight control. They differ from traditional thrust in their nature as an internal force, which has potentially complicated the analysis on dynamics and equilibrium of such formations. This article mainly studies the generalized dynamics and relative equilibrium for multi-spacecraft formation with non-contacting internal forces. Treating such a formation as a free multi-rigid-body system connected by force element, Kane method is applied to develop a generalized 6-DOF dynamic model with internal forces accommodated. After verifying the validity of the model for a case of two-spacecraft formation, the relative equilibrium for the generalized model is analyzed and the necessary conditions for circularly restricted static formation with non-contacting internal force are derived, which would provide guidance for formation design and control in the future.
Design manufacturing integration and flight testing of a health monitoring system for a prototype unmanned airborne vehicle
Authors: Lawson Craig P , Monterzino Guido AI
Published: May 2013

This article describes the design, development, build and flight testing of a health monitoring system for the landing gear and the electrical power system on board the Demon prototype unmanned airborne vehicle. Demon is a flying technology demonstrator which successfully flew in September 2010. The Demon can achieve pitch and roll control without the use of hinged control surfaces, by instead using fluidic devices based on the Coanda effect, attaining low-maintenance, high-manoeuvrability operations. A vehicle health monitoring system was added on board between the first and the second flight test campaigns. The integration of the health monitoring system into the vehicle is discussed as a whole. The key health monitoring sub-systems include data logging and real-time measurement of several parameters. This includes systems to measure Voltage and current from the main batteries, landing gear stress, suspension travel, wheel hub acceleration and shock absorber pressure. Wherever possible, the use of commercially available components was maximised to minimise development time and cost. Some example results of system health monitoring during flight trials are presented.
Three-loop autopilot of spinning missiles
Authors: Li Keyong , Yang Shuxing , Zhao Liangyu
Published: May 2013

The three-loop autopilot is employed by spinning missiles as well as by many high-performance command or homing guidance missiles currently because it performs well in stabilizing airframe and implementing guidance commands. However, for spinning missiles, the closed-loop system may be dynamically unstable in the form of a divergent coning motion due to the existence of cross-coupling effects. And the stability criteria of the autopilot applicable to the nonspinning missile are no longer valid in the event of the spinning. To address this issue, the structure of a three-loop autopilot of spinning missiles is introduced in this study, for which the sufficient and necessary condition of coning motion stability is analytically derived from the equations in the form of complex summation. The stability criteria are further illustrated by numerical simulation. It is noticed that spinning shrinks the stable region of the design parameters significantly. And the higher the spinning rate, the smaller the stable region becomes.
A 426-year drought history for Western Tian Shan, Central Asia, inferred from tree rings and linkages to the North Atlantic and Indo–West Pacific Oceans
Authors: Chen Feng , Yuan Yu-jiang , Chen Fa-Hu , Wei Wen-shou , Yu Shu-long , Chen Xiang-jun , Fan Zi-ang , Zhang Rui-bo , Zhang Tong-wen , Shang Hua-ming , Qin Li
Published: May 2013

We have reconstructed the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) from 1580 to 2005 for Western Tian Shan, Central Asia, using tree rings of Picea schrenkiana. The reconstruction explains 35% of the actual January–May PDSI variance during the common period 1925–2005. Split-sample validation supports our use of the reconstruction model based on the full period of reliable observational data (1925–2005). Spatial climate correlation analyses with gridded PDSI data revealed that our PDSI reconstruction represents a strong regional drought signal for Western Tian Shan. Dry periods occurred during ad 1614–1628, 1700–1722, 1758–1790, 1806–1833, 1873–1898, 1908–1936, 1943–1951, 1960–1966 and 1973–1988; while the periods of ad 1580–1613, 1629–1699, 1723–1757, 1791–1805, 1834–1872, 1899–1907, 1937–1942, 1952–1959, 1967–1972 and 1989–present were relatively wet. Our reconstruction agrees reasonably well with the dry and wet periods previously estimated from tree rings in Tian Shan. Significant spectral peaks are identified at 2–5, 60.2 and 213 years. Our reconstructed drought is significantly correlated with sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic and Indo–West Pacific Oceans. The linkages to the North Atlantic and Indo–West Pacific Oceans suggest the connection of moisture variations of Central Asia to the westerly circulation and tropical ocean–atmosphere systems.
Children, adults, best interests and rights
Authors: Archard David
Published: May 2013

This article seeks, first, to disarm some of the principal criticisms of the best interests principle as having an indeterminate content. It then considers how a best interests principle stands in relation to other principles, in particular according to the child a ‘voice’ on matters affecting its interests. It seeks to show that there is an important distinction between a ‘threshold’ and ‘weighting’ view of a child’s capacities, which has significant implications for how we think from a rights perspective both about the child and about the adult. The article contrasts its own approach from that of John Eekelaar’s ‘dynamic self-determinism’, and concludes by suggesting ways in which the case of children can illuminate the broader understanding of adult rights to autonomy and of liberal anti-paternalism.
Tripod Index
Authors: Arunakul Marut , Amendola Annunziato , Gao Yubo , Goetz Jessica E. , Femino John E. , Phisitkul Phinit
Published: May 2013

Background:

No single radiographic measurement takes into account complete foot alignment. We have created the Tripod Index (TI) to allow assessment of complex foot deformities using a standing anteroposterior (AP) radiograph of the foot. We hypothesized that TI would demonstrate good intraobserver and interobserver reliability and correlate with currently accepted radiographic parameters, in both flatfoot and cavovarus foot deformities.

Methods:

Three groups of patients were studied: 26 patients (30 feet) with flatfoot, 29 patients (30 feet) with cavovarus foot, and 51 patients (60 feet) without foot deformity as controls. Weight-bearing radiographs were obtained: foot AP with a hemispherical marker around the heel plus standard lateral and hindfoot alignment views. Radiographic measurements were made by 2 blinded investigators. Statistical analysis included intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), correlation of the TI with existing radiographic measurements using Pearson coefficients, and comparison between patient groups using analysis of variance.

Results:

Intraobserver and interobserver ICCs of TI (0.99 and 0.98, respectively) were excellent. In the flatfoot group, TI significantly correlated with AP talonavicular coverage angle ( r = 0.43), medial cuneiform–fifth metatarsal height ( r = -0.59), coronal plane hindfoot alignment ( r = 0.53), and clinical hindfoot alignment ( r = 0.39). In the cavovarus foot group, TI correlated significantly with AP talonavicular coverage angle ( r = 0.77), calcaneal pitch angle ( r = 0.39), medial cuneiform–fifth metatarsal height ( r = -0.65), coronal plane hindfoot alignment ( r = 0.55), and clinical hindfoot alignment ( r = 0.61). Statistically significant differences between flatfoot-control and cavovarus foot–control were found in TI, AP talonavicular coverage angle, lateral talo–first metatarsal angle, calcaneal pitch angle, medial cuneiform–fifth metatarsal height, coronal plane hindfoot alignment, and clinical assessment of hindfoot alignment (all with P < .001).

Conclusion:

The TI was demonstrated to be a valid and reliable radiographic measurement to quantify the magnitude of complex foot deformities when evaluating flatfoot and cavovarus foot.

Clinical Relevance:

The TI may be helpful as an integrated assessment of complex foot deformities. Further clinical studies are recommended.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Intelligent damage identification method for large structures based on strain modal parameters
Authors: He Longjun , Lian Jijian , Ma Bin
Published: May 2013

Early damage detection not only improves the safety and reliability of structures but also reduces maintenance cost. However, damage detection is difficult to implement in large structures under ambient excitation because of the limitation of sensors, the uncertainty of ambient excitation, and the global properties of modal frequencies and displacement modes. This paper proposes a new damage detection method that employs the real encoding multi-swarm particle swarm optimization algorithm and fitness functions evolved from strain modes to find the optimal match between measured and simulated modal parameters and to determine the actual condition of structures. The proposed method requires low-frequency modes and incomplete modes and does not require mass normalization of parameters, thus making the method suitable for nondestructive dynamic damage detection of large structures under ambient excitation. Taking a concrete guide wall structure as an example, this paper studied the global searching performance and the sensitivity of the proposed method. The efficiency of the proposed method was analyzed by using different noise levels and sensor numbers. Results show that the proposed method is effective and can be applied in many types of large structures.
Closed-form modal flexibility sensitivity and its application to structural damage detection without modal truncation error
Authors: Yan Wang-Ji , Ren Wei-Xin
Published: May 2013

The closed form of the sensitivity of modal flexibility for a real undamped system is derived based on the algebraic eigen sensitivity method. The formula is then adopted to detect the damage location and severity. The merit of the proposed approach over many other exiting modal flexibility sensitivity-based schemes is that it eliminates the adverse effect of the truncating higher-order modes. Moreover, the proposed approach could identify results with sufficient accuracy by employing one mode or multiple modes. To tackle the operational mode shape normalization problem ascribed to the unknown ambient excitation, the scaling factors are employed. A number of assumed damage scenarios in beams has been used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed damage detection method. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is not sensitive to noise, and it can effectively identify single and multiple damage.
Extraction of sparse equalized signals in recovery of potential cyclic impulses from a multi-fault signal mixture
Authors: Wang Dong , Guo Wei
Published: May 2013

Up to now, many advanced signal processing methods have been developed for machine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. One assumption for the use of these methods is that one vibration source is isolated from other irrelevant sources in advance. In some practical cases, when a transducer is installed in the vicinity of closely arranged components of a machine, it is inevitable to obtain a vibration signal mixture generated by multiple sources. As a result, the isolation of the desired vibration source from other vibration sources becomes a challenging problem if only one transducer is employed to sample the single-channel signal mixture. Blind equalization based methods, such as the eigenvector algorithm (EVA), are potentially capable of recovering each of the vibration sources through setting different equalizer lengths. However, selection of an appropriate equalizer length is rarely reported by a systematical method. To determine the appropriate equalizer length, an improved EVA for extracting sparse equalized signals, such as a cyclic impulsive signal, is developed in this paper. The improved EVA is able to automatically select an appropriate equalizer length for the EVA and adaptively recover the cyclic impulsive signal from multiple vibration sources. Two multi-fault signal mixtures, including a simulated signal and a real vibration signal collected from an industrial machine, are employed to verify the effectiveness of the improved EVA. Comparisons between the original EVA and the improved EVA are done. The results demonstrate that the improved EVA is effective on automatic selection of the appropriate equalizer length and adaptive recovery of the cyclic impulsive signal of interest from the single-channel multi-fault signal mixture. Finally, the improved EVA is generalized to extract different kinds of signals.
Adaptive modified function projective lag synchronization of hyperchaotic complex systems with fully uncertain parameters
Authors: Chao Luo , Xingyuan Wang
Published: May 2013

In this article, a novel synchronization scheme, modified function projective lag synchronization (MFPLS), between identical and nonidentical hyperchaotic complex systems with fully uncertain parameters, is proposed. In the proposed general method, the states of two hyperchaotic complex systems with unknown parameters are asymptotically synchronized up to a desired scaling function matrix with time delay, and all of the unknown parameters are identified. The adaptive controller and laws of parameters are designed to achieve MFPLS between the drive and response systems. Theoretical proof and numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Optimal linear quadratic model following with an application to a flexible aircraft
Authors: da Silva André Luís , Yoneyama Takashi , Paglione Pedro
Published: May 2013

This paper develops general theoretical results about an input–output model-following methodology for linear systems, as an optimal control problem. A control law is obtained by minimizing a quadratic index that takes into account the matching errors and the control inputs. The control is obtained from the Lagrange multiplier method and can be interpreted as an extension of the linear quadratic regulator, with finite and infinite horizon formulations. The major contribution of the paper is the development of solutions involving plant output feedback. The method is illustrated with an application to a nonlinear flexible aircraft with nonstationary aerodynamics and nine flexible modes. Simulations compare state and output feedback solutions. In the proposed example, when taking into account unmodeled flexible dynamics and parametric uncertainties, the best results are given by the proposed output feedback.
A discretized multi-freedom-degree model for predicting the lowest local resonant gap in phononic structures
Authors: Li Lixia , Chen Tianning , Wu Jiuhui , Wang Xiaopeng
Published: May 2013

In this paper, a discretized multi-freedom-degree (DMFD) model is presented to predict the lowest locally resonant (LR) band gap in phononic structures. The DMFD model is adopted to improve the accuracy and the application of previous conventional prediction models. Firstly, the model is applied to the one-dimensional ternary LR structure to show the improvement in precision that is independent of the decrease of the density of the scatterer. Then, the model is extended to the evaluation of the resonance frequencies in a two-dimensional binary LR structure, and the estimates from the present model, which are in good agreement with the previous results, verify our model. Each parameter in the DMFD model allows a clear physical insight into the band-gap mechanism. This model could provide a pre-estimation of the lowest gap of binary and ternary LR structures.
Post-buckling solutions of hyper-elastic beam by canonical dual finite element method
Authors: Cai Kun , Gao David Y , Qin Qing H
Published: May 2013

The post-buckling problem of a large deformed beam is analyzed using the canonical dual finite element method (CD-FEM). The feature of this method is to choose correctly the canonical dual stress so that the original non-convex potential energy functional is reformulated in a mixed complementary energy form with both displacement and stress fields, and a pure complementary energy is explicitly formulated in finite dimensional space. Based on the canonical duality theory and the associated triality theorem, a primal–dual algorithm is proposed, which can be used to find all possible solutions of this non-convex post-buckling problem. Numerical results show that the global maximum of the pure-complementary energy leads to a stable buckled configuration of the beam, while the local extrema of the pure-complementary energy present unstable deformation states. We discovered that the unstable buckled state is very sensitive to the number of total elements and the external loads. Theoretical results are verified through numerical examples and some interesting phenomena in post-bifurcation of this large deformed beam are observed.
Effectiveness and Duration of Effect of Open-Label Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Adults With ADHD
Authors: Adler Lenard A. , Lynch Lauren R. , Shaw David M. , Wallace Samantha P. , O’Donnell Katherine E. , Ciranni Michael A. , Briggie Alexis M. , Faraone Stephen V.
Published: May 2013

Objectives: (a) Evaluate the efficacy and duration of effect of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) in adult ADHD. (b) Assess the reliability and validity of the Adult ADHD Medication Smoothness of Effect Scale (AMSES) and Adult ADHD Medication Rebound Scale (AMRS). Method: Adults ( N = 40) with ADHD were treated with LDX for up to 12 weeks. The primary efficacy measure was the ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS). The psychometric properties of the AMSES and AMRS are analyzed and compared with the ADHD-RS, ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) v1.1 Symptom Checklist, and Time-Sensitive ADHD Symptom Scale (TASS). Results: ADHD-RS scores were significantly improved with LDX. The AMSES and AMRS had high internal consistency and were correlated with the ADHD-RS, ASRS v1.1 Symptom Checklist, and TASS. Conclusion: LDX is effective in treating adult ADHD and has a smooth drug effect throughout the day with limited symptom rebound. The AMSES and AMRS are valid and reliable measures.
The Pathological Spectrum of Left-Ventricular Hypoplasia
Authors: Kearney Debra L.
Published: May 2013

Left-ventricular (LV) hypoplasia encompasses a range of LV sizes, varying from a mildly underdeveloped, but functionally adequate, chamber to the miniscule, barely perceptible LV cavity seen in hypoplastic left-heart syndrome. Associated malformations include obstructive lesions of LV inflow, outflow, and the aortic arch, often in combination. Repair of complex combinations and/or severe LV hypoplasia usually results in a single-ventricle anatomy with the right ventricle serving as the systemic ventricle. New therapeutic interventions, including fetal procedures, are expanding the spectrum of lesions and LV sizes that may be amenable to a biventricular repair. These surgical considerations place renewed emphasis on understanding the anatomical features associated with LV hypoplasia. This review details pathological features of the full spectrum of LV hypoplasia, particularly those with borderline severe hypoplasia. Primary defining lesions are described as well as additional lesions that may affect clinical symptoms, surgical repair, and long-term outcome.
Roadworks: British Bangladeshi mothers, temporality and intimate citizenship in East London
Authors: Gunaratnam Yasmin
Published: May 2013

Narratives of street life from British Bangladeshi Muslim mothers, collected in the aftermath of the suicide bombings in London in 2005, are the focus of this article. The author examines how temporal schemas that combine the unpredictable time of racist events with a rendering of a foreseeable linear temporality of racism and of intergenerational identifications in the future provide the women with a means of living with ontological insecurity and threat. Although this reproduction of linear time can appear to exclude the singularity of unknown futures, with regard to the demands of multicultural living, understanding of time can be more open and undecided. The author locates an ethicality to the mothers’ deliberations in how to live in situations marked by racism and multiculturalism in both their negotiation of temporal registers and in the sharing and interrogation of perspectives and strategies with others. Particular attention is given to the ambivalent use of temporality as an instrument of narrative agency. The discussion also considers how the methodological apparatus of the focus group is engaged with matters of intimate citizenship, conveying and participating in the production of the research problem.
Exploring order and disorder: Women’s experiences balancing work and care
Authors: Wattis Louise , James Liz
Published: May 2013

This article explores how working mothers negotiate the often competing spheres of paid work and unpaid domestic and care work. Drawing upon qualitative data from a varied sample of women, it discusses the impact of workplace demands on home life, women’s attempts to contain the domestic sphere so as not to disrupt paid work, and the emotional conflicts inherent to combining dual roles. In addition, the article applies Bauman’s concepts of order and disorder to women’s experiences of work–care negotiation. Whilst it is recognized that Bauman’s work largely ignores gender, his discussion of solid modernity with its emphasis on order and the transition to liquid modernity with its emphasis on disorder provide a useful theoretical lens through which to illuminate women’s accounts of managing dual roles.
Institution of State–Business Relation and Its Impact on Manufacturing Productivity Growth in India: A Post-reform Analysis
Authors: Kathuria Vinish , S.N. Rajesh Raj , Sen Kunal
Published: May 2013

Empirical studies on total factor productivity growth (TFPG) in developing countries highlight trade openness, research and development and market structure as being the most important determinants of TFPG. The role of institutions remains overlooked in the literature on the determinants of TFPG. In this article, we look into the role of institutional quality as captured by effective state–business relationships (SBRs) in influencing TFPG, using Indian manufacturing as a case study. By SBRs we mean a set of highly institutionalized, responsive and public interactions between the state and the business sector. To compute TFPG, we use firm level data for both the formal and informal manufacturing sectors. We correct for the simultaneity bias associated with the production function approach for TFPG estimation by employing a method developed by Levinsohn and Petrin. We propose measures of effective SBRs for 15 Indian states over the period 1994–2005, and then use them in TFPG equations to estimate the effect of SBR on TFPG. The results indicate that SBR has positively affected the TFPG of Indian industry. The effect, however, is primarily for the formal sector.
What is Driving India’s Food Inflation? A Survey of Recent Evidence
Authors: Bandara Jayatilleke S.
Published: May 2013

In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in soaring food prices in India, as evidenced by wide discussions on causes of food inflation and its influence on near double-digit overall inflation in 2010 and 2011. This article examines the mix of drivers behind food price inflation through surveying recent evidence. Using this approach, this article demonstrates that the increase in demand for protein and vitamin-based high value food items has been the main driver of recent food inflation although supply shocks and institutional factors are important determinants of food inflation. These findings draw on the idea, as indicated by policy analysts, that finding proper policy response to rising food prices, mainly driven by increasing demand, will be a major challenge in India.
The wrongs of protection: Balancing protection and participation in research with marginalised young people
Authors: Daley Kathryn
Published: May 2013

Protecting participants – especially the vulnerable and/or young – is essential to respecting individuals and doing so upholds the merit and integrity of research. Research is a way of improving the lives of the vulnerable as research informs policy and service provision. Research participants need to be protected, but as their right, they also need to be able to participate in research as a way of being heard on matters which affect them. This article argues that ethical review of research is so heavily focused on minimising risk that young people’s right to participate in discussion is often overlooked. I use my own research with young people who have experienced problematic substance use as a running case study to discuss the tension between balancing protection and participation in research design and offer strategies for balancing the two when designing research.
Blunt chest wall trauma: A review
Authors: Battle Ceri , Hutchings Hayley , Evans Phillip A
Published: May 2013

Blunt chest wall trauma accounts for a large proportion of all trauma presentations to the Emergency Departments in the United Kingdom and has a high reported incidence of morbidity and mortality. The difficulty in the assessment and management of this patient group arises from the possibility that the patient may develop potentially life-threatening complications up to approximately 72 h post-injury, even in patients who have sustained what is initially considered a minor injury. Limited consensus currently exists in the literature regarding optimal assessment or management strategies for this patient group. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of current research investigating the optimal assessment and management strategies for the blunt chest wall trauma patient.
Should resuscitative thoracotomy be performed in the pre-hospital phase of care?
Authors: Harrison Oliver J , Lockey David
Published: May 2013

Penetrating thoracic trauma is increasing in the UK and elsewhere and immediate transfer to a Major Trauma Centre with cardio-thoracic expertise is usually optimal management. Pre-hospital traumatic cardiac arrest has an extremely poor prognosis. Performing thoracotomy before arrival in hospital has produced neurologically intact survivors in several case series. The technique described involves rapid clamshell thoracotomy and release of pericardial tamponade. Favourable outcomes appear to be associated with a single stab wound to the heart causing cardiac tamponade. Pre-hospital thoracotomy is described in the current European Resuscitation Guidelines and courses for non-surgeons are now taught at the Royal College of Surgeons of England and at the Surgical Skills Training Centre at Newcastle Freeman Hospital. It is likely that further survivors will be reported as the technique becomes more widely used. Alternatives to pre-hospital thoracotomy in the future for patients with hypovolaemic cardiac arrest may include resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta and pre-hospital extended preservation and resuscitation.
Investigating second-hand fashion trade and consumption in the Philippines: Expanding existing discourses
Authors: Isla Veronica L.
Published: May 2013

By investigating the second hand clothing trade and consumption discourse in the Philippines, this paper enlarges existing global knowledge and serves as an initial attempt to map this phenomenon in South East Asia. It argues that regional and national opinions could be located in a continuum. At one end is a noticeably modern and functional outlook, and on the other is a distinctly postmodern and constructionist perspective. It shows that a nation’s particular discourse is an expression of its socio-economic context. However, since the used clothing trade is a global phenomenon that transcends national boundaries, used clothing traders, retailers, and consumers unite in challenging the beliefs driven by institutions that regulate and compete with this trade. The response of these institutions has blurred the boundaries separating the formal and informal, the legal and illegal, and the Philippines exemplifies this.
‘Prosuming’ conservation? Web 2.0, nature and the intensification of value-producing labour in late capitalism
Authors: Büscher Bram , Igoe Jim
Published: May 2013

Recent insights from critical social theory suggest that consumption and production co-constitute each other; a phenomenon referred to as ‘prosumption’. It is further suggested that contemporary prosumption dynamics could alter the form of capitalism. In this article, we argue that recent literature and research on the intersection between capitalism and nature conservation are highly relevant in engaging these claims. Predominantly but not solely through interactive web 2.0 applications, conservation organisations are increasingly drawing consumers into the production of conservation, thereby enabling them to ‘prosume’ and co-create (narratives about and images of) ‘nature’ as well as their own identities as environmentally conscious citizens. We argue that prosumption is an intensification of earlier capitalist attempts at generating ‘value-producing labour’ from commodity-sign values. Ethnographic engagements with nature conservation in eastern and southern Africa, in turn, show that this value-producing labour is inherently material through its concealed connections with contradictory conservation realities in the context of late capitalism.
A break from ‘reality’: An investigation into the ‘experiments with subjectivity’ on offer within the promotion of sustainable tourism in the UK
Authors: Hanna Paul
Published: May 2013

In recent years concerns surrounding the impact of humans on the environment and other humans have been increasingly voiced in the West, particularly in relation to the production–consumption chain. This article aims to explore the trajectories of these social and environmental concerns via the promotion of an explicitly ethical product: sustainable tourism. What follows shall presents a brief account of the ways in which consumer goods are increasingly suggested to offer a means to the ‘external’ promotional of an ‘internal’ self. With this in mind it will then be suggested that such a vision of the self is too simplistic and Foucault’s understanding of power, knowledge and ethics briefly presented. This article shall then move on to explore the methodology adopted in the present research, offering an account of the use of the internet in data collection and the framework for analysis employed. Following this the article will turn to explore, via the promotion of sustainable tourism on the internet, the ways in which potential sustainable tourists are being invited to understand themselves as ‘ethical’ and ‘experiment with subjectivity’. Finally, some brief thoughts will be offered regarding the implication of such understandings of ethics and sustainability for both the potential tourist and host community.
Infant-feeding consumerism in the age of intensive mothering and risk society
Authors: Afflerback Sara , Carter Shannon K. , Anthony Amanda Koontz , Grauerholz Liz
Published: May 2013

The ideologies of intensive mothering and risk society place increasing burden on mothers to make critical choices regarding infant feeding that are understood as having irreversible consequences for their children's long-term health and emotional well-being. Although research has examined consequences of these ideologies on mothers’ decisions to breastfeed or formula-feed their infants, little has focused on consumer decisions regarding formulas, baby food and feeding-related items. This article examines symbolic meanings attached to infant food and feeding-related consumer items among first-time mothers in the United States. Results indicate broad categories of baby-oriented consumerism—qualities and characteristics mothers sought for their babies through feeding-related consumer behaviors—and mother-oriented consumerism—qualities and characteristics mothers sought for themselves through consumer behaviors. Baby-oriented consumerism included health, comfort, taste and development, and mother-oriented consumerism included knowledge/control, compliance, convenience, frugality, relationships and self-image.
Nobody was dirty: Intervening in inconspicuous consumption of laundry routines
Authors: Jack Tullia
Published: May 2013

Collective conventions play a significant role in resource consumption, in particular habitual, inconspicuous consumption ingrained in daily practices. To embed pro-environmental default practices in everyday life, an understanding of materiality, habits and cultural context is useful. Household rituals consume environmentally critical resources; laundry provides an example of this phenomenon, cleanliness collective conventions leading to inconspicuous routinised consumption of laundry resources (water, energy).

Intervening into cleanliness conventions, 31 people in Melbourne were engaged to wear the same pair of jeans for three months without washing them. Transcripts from interviews about their experience were used to draw insights on how individual courses of actions are shaped by collective conventions. Participants’ experience of materiality, habits and cultural context indicate that to save environmental resources shifting collective conventions may be more effectual than challenging individual routines. This paper explores some of the opportunities in intervening into the inconspicuous consumption of laundry routines and shifting collective conventions towards low wash acceptance, with implications for other mundane resource-consuming lifestyle practices.
Conflicting values of ethical consumption in diverse worlds – A cultural approach
Authors: Pecoraro Maria Grazia , Uusitalo Outi
Published: May 2013

This paper examines the plurality of ethical consumption and aims to illustrate how consumers cope with its complexity in the context of everyday food consumption. This study seeks to outline the tensions that consumers inevitably face when pursuing ethical choices and to shed light on the various ways in which they solve these tensions in the rhythms of everyday life. The research applies Boltanski and Thévenot's theory of orders of worth as an interpretive framework. The research data has been collected from Finnish online discussion forums in which consumers debate various aspects of ethical food consumption. The analysis indicates that the participants in the discussions recognize various understandings of ethical consumption that may be accompanied by insecurities about the ‘right’ ones. However, the research suggests that consumers are able to solve fundamental tensions in ethical food consumption by carrying out different types of practices.