bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring cervical cancer mortality in Brazil: an ecological study on socioeconomic and healthcare factors
Authors: Silva Filho Agnaldo Lopes da , Reis Romualdo Guilherme , Pinhati Matheus Eduardo Soares , Neves Gabriel Lage , Almeida Oliveira Juliana , Moretti-Marques Renato , Nogueira-Rodrigues Angélica , Tsunoda Audrey Tieko , Cândido Eduardo Batista
Published: October 2024

Objective

To evaluate the correlation between socioeconomic and healthcare factors and cervical cancer mortality rates, as well as the accessibility to prevention and treatment across Brazilian states and macroregions. The aim is to highlight the multifaceted challenge of addressing cervical cancer mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed public data from the Brazilian National Institute of Cancer (INCA), the National Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), and the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Data were collected on indicators such as the Human Development Index (HDI), physician density, average household income, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage, Pap smear screening rates, radiotherapy machine density, and non-White population rates by state and macroregion across Brazil. Spearman’s rank correlation test and simple linear regression analysis were employed.

Results

Cervical cancer mortality rates are statistically lower in women with health insurance, positive self-perception of health, located in states with a higher HDI, per capita household income, density of physicians, and radiotherapy machines per 1000 inhabitants. In contrast, mortality rates proportionally increase according to poverty levels, as expected, and rates of non-White population. Considering public health, HDI scores significantly affected Pap smear test coverage, the number of radiotherapy machines, and HPV vaccine uptake. The North and the Southeast regions have, respectively, the lowest and the highest socioeconomic indicators, proportional to their mortality rates. No significant correlation was found between mortality rates and HPV vaccine or Pap smear coverage.

Conclusions

Cervical cancer mortality in Brazil is significantly influenced by socioeconomic and healthcare disparities. This study provides a data-driven basis for public health strategies that address both medical and social determinants of health.
Femur Fractures in children under two related to consumer products and the home environment treated in United States emergency departments 2017-2021
Authors: Iyer Swati , Hughes Garza Holly , Lawson Karla A
Published: October 2024

Background

Research is scarce on unintentional femur fractures in children under 2 years of age, with many studies focusing on intentional injuries in this age group. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to characterise unintentional femur fractures in very young children evaluated in emergency departments and reported to a nationally representative database involving consumer products.

Methods

Emergency department visits in children with a femur fracture, under 2 years of age, from 2017 to 2021 were queried from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. Case narratives were reviewed to assess eligibility criteria and to create novel variables in addition to those included in the dataset.

Results

An estimated 8891 children under age 2 in the USA were treated for femur fractures related to a consumer product or part of the home environment from 2017 through 2021 (95% CI 6900 to 10 881). The highest incidence was during 2020 (2138; 95% CI 1392 to 2883). Femur fractures most often involved furniture (3155; 95% CI 2201 to 4108), while some involved items specifically designed for babies. Falls on stairs contributed to an estimated 1584 femur fractures (95% CI 1031 to 2137), most often when someone fell while carrying the child. More than half of these fractures resulted in hospitalisation.

Conclusion

Caution should be used when leaving babies around certain household items, even those that may seem safe or designed for babies. Stairs and furniture are significant household hazards even before children become mobile.
Comparing stand-alone endovascular embolization versus stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of arteriovenous malformations with Spetzler-Martin grades I–III: a propensity score matched study
Authors: Musmar Basel , Adeeb Nimer , Roy Joanna M. , Abdalrazeq Hammam , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I , Atallah Elias , Salim Hamza Adel , Kondziolka Douglas , Sheehan Jason , Ogilvy Christopher S , Riina Howard , Kandregula Sandeep , Dmytriw Adam A , El Naamani Kareem , Abdelsalam Ahmed , Ironside Natasha , Kumbhare Deepak , Ataoglu Cagdas , Essibayi Muhammed Amir , Keles Abdullah , Muram Sandeep , Sconzo Daniel , Rezai Arwin , Erginoglu Ufuk , Pöppe Johannes , Sen Rajeev D , Griessenauer Christoph J , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Starke Robert M , Baskaya Mustafa K , Sekhar Laligam N , Levitt Michael R , Altschul David J , McAvoy Malia , Aslan Assala , Abushehab Abdallah , Swaid Christian , Abla Adib A , Gooch M. Reid , Rosenwasser Robert H , Stapleton Christopher , Koch Matthew , Srinivasan Visish M , Chen Peng R , Blackburn Spiros , Dannenbaum Mark J , Choudhri Omar , Pukenas Bryan , Orbach Darren , Smith Edward , Mosimann Pascal J , Alaraj Ali , Aziz-Sultan Mohammad A , Patel Aman B , Cuellar Hugo H , Lawton Michael T , Morcos Jacques , Guthikonda Bharat , Jabbour Pascal
Published: October 2024

Background

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are uncommon cerebral lesions that can cause significant neurological complications. Surgical resection is the gold standard for treatment, but endovascular embolization and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are viable alternatives.

Objective

To compare the outcomes of endovascular embolization versus SRS in the treatment of AVMs with Spetzler-Martin grades I–III.

Methods

This study combined retrospective data from 10 academic institutions in North America and Europe. Patients aged 1 to 90 years who underwent endovascular embolization or SRS for AVMs with Spetzler-Martin grades I–III between January 2010 and December 2023 were included.

Results

The study included 244 patients, including 84 who had endovascular embolization and 160 who had SRS. Before propensity score matching (PSM), complete obliteration at the last follow-up was achieved in 74.5% of the SRS group compared with 57.8% of the embolization group (OR=0.47; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.48; P=0.01). After propensity score matching, SRS still achieved significantly higher occlusion rates at last follow-up (78.9% vs 55.3%; OR=0.32; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.90; P=0.03).

Hemorrhagic complications were higher in the embolization group than in the SRS group, although this difference did not reach statistical significance after PSM (13.2% vs 2.6%; OR=5.6; 95% CI 0.62 to 50.47; P=0.12). Similarly, re-treatment rate was higher in the embolization group (10.5% vs 5.3%; OR=2.11; 95% CI 0.36 to 12.31; P=0.40) compared with the SRS group.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that SRS has a significantly higher obliteration rate at last follow-up compared with endovascular embolization. Also, SRS has a higher tendency for fewer hemorrhagic complications and lower re-treatment rate. Further prospective studies are needed.
Medical cannabis use in young adults with cancer: a self-reported survey study
Authors: Halpern Naama , Eshet Lia , Levanon Keren , Greenhouse Inbal , Beller Tamar , Hausner David , Sella Tal
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Medical cannabis is increasingly used by young patients with cancer. We aimed to describe the patterns and perceptions of medical cannabis use among young adults with cancer.

Methods

This cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to May 2021 and included patients aged 18–45 from the Department of Oncology at Sheba Medical Center, as well as participants from the Stop-Cancer social platform. Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire assessing demographics, disease status, cannabis permit status, use patterns and perceptions.

Results

Of the 605 participants who completed the survey, 250 held an active cannabis permit. Median age was 38 (IQR 33–43); 69% were female. Permit holders were less frequently employed (48% vs 76%, p<0.0001), more likely to report prior cannabis (36% vs 21%, p<0.0001) or tobacco use (39% vs 25%, p=0.0003) and define their cancer as ‘active’ (38% vs 12%, p<0.0001). Among the 371 cancer survivors, 118 (31%) held active permits. Nearly 60% of permit-holding survivors completed their cancer treatment ≥12 months before the survey, and 40% were at least 2 years from treatment. Of cancer survivors holding a cannabis permit, 69% reported daily cannabis use and 67% consumed cannabis through a smoking route. Cannabis was used primarily for managing sleep disturbances (69%), pain (62%) or mood disorders (42%). 21% of survivors considered reducing cannabis consumption.

Conclusions

Medical cannabis use is prevalent among young adults with cancer, with many continuing to use it during survivorship and after completing cancer treatment. Targeted education on non-smokable forms of cannabis, as well as support for reducing or ceasing cannabis use among young cancer survivors, is needed.
Prophylactic antibiotics and corticosteroid prescribing in palliative medicine: retrospective study
Authors: Kruger Claire , Lannon Cian , Harnett Ita , Murtagh Camilla
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To investigate whether patients under the care of the community specialist palliative care team receiving steroids are at increased risk of infection.

To identify other risk factors that predispose community palliative care patients to infection.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of all patients referred to a community specialist palliative care service.

Results

177 adult patients were referred to the community specialist palliative care service. Corticosteroids were significantly associated with infection. 39% of patients who received an oral steroid had infection compared with 22% of those who did not receive steroids (OR 2.6 (95% CI 1.07 to 3), RR 1.78 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.9), p=0.02). Regular opioids were significantly associated with infection. 33% of patients receiving a regular opioid had an infection compared with 15% of those not receiving a regular opioid (OR 2.69 (95% CI 1.26 to 5.7), RR 2.06 (95% CI 1.2 to 3.8), p=0.008). Male gender, lung disease, diabetes and immunosuppressive therapies were associated with an increased rate of infection but were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Oral corticosteroids were associated with a significantly increased infection rate in a community palliative care population. These patients could potentially benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis while receiving corticosteroids.
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell ameliorates post-stroke enterobacterial translocation through liver-gut axis
Authors: Su Xiaotao , Li Tiemei , Wang Yuge , Wei Lei , Jian Banghao , Kang Xinmei , Hu Mengyan , Li Chunyi , Wang Shisi , Lu Danli , Shen Shishi , Huang Huipeng , Liu Yuxin , Deng Xiaohui , Zhang Bingjun , Cai Wei , Lu Zhengqi
Published: October 2024

Background

Enterobacterial translocation is a leading contributor to fatal infection among patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). Accumulative evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) effectively ameliorates stroke outcomes. Whether MSC could inhibit post-stroke enterobacterial translocation remains elusive.

Methods

Patients with AIS and healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. Mice subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion were treated with bone marrow-derived MSC (BM-MSC) right after reperfusion. Enterobacterial translocation was evaluated with Stroke Dysbiosis Index and circulating endotoxin. Thickness of mucus was assessed with Alcian blue staining. Hepatic glucocorticoid (GC) metabolism was analysed with expression of HSD11B2, HSD11B1 and SRD5A1.

Results

We report that the gut mucus layer was attenuated after the stroke leading to pronounced enterobacterial translocation. The attenuation of the gut mucus was attributed to diminished mucin production by goblet cells in response to the elevated systemic GC after cerebral ischaemia. Transferred-BM-MSC restored the mucus thickness, thus preserving gut microbiota homeostasis and preventing enterobacterial invasion. Mechanistically, the transferred-BM-MSC stationed in the liver and enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ signalling in hepatocytes. Consequently, expression of HSD11B2 and SRD5A1 was increased while HSD11B1 expression was downregulated which promoted GC catabolism and subsequently restored mucin production.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal that MSC transfer improves post-stroke gut barrier integrity and inhibits enterobacterial translocation by enhancing the hepatic GC metabolism thus representing a protective modulator of the liver-gut-brain axis in AIS.
Environmental DNA (eDNA) as a tool to detect Arctic grayling and their habitat preferences in the Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Veilleux Heather D. , Misutka Melissa D. , McPherson Morag D. , Cott Peter A. , Goss Greg G. , Poesch Mark , Glover Chris N.
Published: October 2024

Environmental deoxyribonucleic acid (eDNA) assays represent a non-invasive approach for biomonitoring. To assess Arctic grayling ( Thymallus arcticus, Pallas, 1776) populations in the Little Nahanni watershed of Northwest Territories, Canada, an eDNA assay that has been previously validated for use in fish of the Beringia lineage was used in conjunction with traditional survey methods (i.e., electrofishing). Forty-six 100 m reaches of streams were assessed in August 2015. The assay successfully detected Arctic grayling of the Nahanni lineage, with an eDNA signal recorded at each of the 17 sites in which Arctic grayling were observed by traditional fish surveys, but also at 3 of the 29 sites where Arctic grayling were not observed. The presence of eDNA was related to habitat metrics via Random Forest and correlation analyses. Riffles and water temperature were identified as being predictive of Arctic grayling eDNA abundance; however, no significant relationship between eDNA abundance and biomass proxies (fish abundance and fork length metrics) could be established. The high congruence between traditional approaches and eDNA surveys suggests adoption of the latter method will enhance the temporal and spatial acuity of biomonitoring, thereby improving field assessment of Arctic grayling populations and contributing towards more effective conservation management of this species.
Persistent and emerging threats to Arctic biodiversity and ways to overcome them: a horizon scan
Authors: Lemieux Tanya A. , Coles Jackson D.R. , Haley Anne L. , LaFlamme Michelle L. , Steel Sara K. , Scott Kara M. , Provencher Jennifer F. , Price Courtney , Bennett Joseph R. , Barrio Isabel C. , Findlay Helen S. , Goodman Simon J. , Matthews Blake , Näslund Joacim , Pearce David. A. , Hollister Robert D. , Mallory Mark L. , Smith Paul A. , Schaepman-Strub Gabriela , Cooke Steven J.
Published: October 2024

Arctic biodiversity is under threat from both climate-induced environmental change and anthropogenic activity. However, the rapid rate of change and the challenging conditions for studying Arctic environments mean that many research questions must be answered before we can strategically allocate resources for management. Addressing threats to biodiversity in the Arctic is further complicated by the region's complex geopolitics, as eight countries claim jurisdiction over the area, with multiple local considerations such as Indigenous sovereignty and resource rights. Here, we identify research priorities to serve as a starting point for addressing the most pressing threats to Arctic biodiversity. We began by collecting pressing research questions about Arctic biodiversity, thematizing them as either threats or actions, and then categorizing them further into 18 groups. Then, drawing on cross-disciplinary and global expertise of professionals in Arctic science, management, and policy, we considered the barriers to answering these questions and proposed potential solutions that could be implemented if barriers were overcome. Overall, our horizon scan provides an expert assessment of threats (e.g., species’ responses to climate change) and actions (e.g., a lack of fundamental information regarding Arctic biodiversity) needing attention and is intended to guide future conservation action within the Arctic.
INCOME-DEPENDENT PARENTAL ALTRUISM AND PERSISTENT INCOME INEQUALITY IN A DEVELOPING ECONOMY
Authors: YIN XIANGYUN , NAKAMURA TAMOTSU
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we consider an overlapping-generations economy in which human capital is the engine of economic growth. Human capital accumulates through parents’ investments in their children based on warm-glow altruism. Assuming that parental altruism depends on parental income, we introduce a utility function into a simple model to explain the relationship between parental income and education expenditure. Consequently, various dynamics of household human capital accumulation emerge, which in turn yield a variety of income inequalities. This highlights the importance of income-dependent parental altruism in determining income inequality not only in the transition but also in the steady state. It is also shown that income inequality may persist in the long run.
Analytic quasinormal frequencies of the regular Simpson–Visser black hole
Authors: Malik Zainab
Published: October 2024

By expanding in powers of the inverse multipole number, we derive compact analytic expressions for the quasinormal modes of scalar and electromagnetic perturbations around regular Simpson–Visser black holes. These analytic formulas offer sufficient accuracy for the first and higher multipoles, except when the black hole is in a near-extremal state. The correspondence between null geodesics and high-frequency quasinormal modes is confirmed for the case under consideration. As an application, we show that Simpson–Visser black holes respect the Hod’s bound on the damping rate of the fundamental quasinormal mode.
Graph-Based Multi-Feature Fusion Method for Speech Emotion Recognition
Authors: Liu Xueyu , Lin Jie , Wang Chao
Published: October 2024

Exploring proper way to conduct multi-speech feature fusion for cross-corpus speech emotion recognition is crucial as different audio features could provide complementary cues reflecting human emotion status. Speech emotion recognition allows computers to analyze the specific emotional condition of the speaker through speech, which is of great significance to the development of human–computer interaction technology. While most previous approaches only extract a single speech feature for emotion recognition, existing fusion methods such as concatenation, parallel connection, and splicing ignore heterogeneous patterns in the interaction between features and features, resulting in performance of existing systems. In this paper, we propose a novel graph-based fusion method to explicitly model the relationships between every pair of audio features, which provides a new research idea for speech feature fusion. Specifically, we propose a multi-dimensional edge features learning strategy called graph-based multi-feature fusion method for speech emotion recognition. It represents each speech feature as a node and learns multi-dimensional edge features to explicitly describe the relationship between each feature-feature pair in the context of emotion recognition. This way, the learned multi-dimensional edge features encode speech feature-level information from both the vertex and edge dimensions. Our approach consists of three modules: an Audio Feature Generation (AFG) module, an Audio-Feature Multi-dimensional Edge Feature (AMEF) module and a Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) module. The proposed methodology yielded satisfactory outcomes on the SEWA dataset. Furthermore, the method demonstrated enhanced performance compared to the baseline in the AVEC 2019 Workshop and Challenge. We used data from two cultures as our training and validation sets: two cultures containing German and Hungarian on the SEWA dataset, the CCC scores for German are improved by 17.28% for arousal and 7.93% for liking, and for Hungarian, the CCC scores are improved by 11.15% for arousal and 131.11% for valence. The outcomes of our methodology demonstrate a 13% improvement over alternative fusion techniques, including those employing one-dimensional edge-based feature fusion approach. The experiments on some parts of the Aff-Wild 2 dataset demonstrate that our approach exhibits a certain degree of generalizability and robustness. Code is available at https://github.com/ChaosWang666/Graph-based-multi-Feature-fusion-method .
Face Image Recognition in Smart City Based on Improved Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Tie Jing , Ji Mingxin , Zhong Muteng , Ye Yichen , Li Qiwei , Zhang Rong Jie , Lin Minrui
Published: October 2024

The rapid development of big data and artificial intelligence technology has given new vitality and value to smart cities, which provide rich algorithm models and knowledge computing capabilities. Since the recognition results of the traditional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model in the face database are prone to over-fitting, this paper proposes a face recognition algorithm based on an improved CNN model and deep learning. The improved CNN model has a good network image recognition performance, improves the data training speed, and optimizes the network structure parameters. Based on an improved CNN model, using the facial expression recognition (FER2013) data to test the model performance, to achieve more accurate face recognition. Experimental results show that the recognition rate of the improved model and deep learning algorithm on the FER2013 dataset reaches 98.36%, which is 4.63% higher than before the improvement.
A Novel GEA–PSO Method for Optimizing the Parameters of a Bird-Like Flapping Wing Robot
Authors: Ding Changtao
Published: October 2024

A novel parameter optimization method, named the geyser algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (GEA–PSO) method, was proposed for optimizing the key parameters of a bird-like flapping wing robot. The kinematic model, the multiple objective functions, and some constraint conditions were first established. A novel GEA–PSO algorithm was designed. Some test functions verified the good superiority of the GEA–PSO method with a fast velocity and high accuracy. The key parameters of the robot were successfully optimized using the GEA–PSO method. Kinematic simulations were carried out to obtain some key quantities, such as the end trajectory, the flapping angle, and the folding angle. Robot experiments were conducted based on the robot prototype, which verified the effectiveness of the optimization method. The GEA–PSO method plays a crucial role in the parameter optimizations and the stable flights of the robot.
Software Quality Assessment Model: A New Approach for Software Testing Tools
Authors: Zulkifli Zulkifli , Mardiana Mardiana , Despa Dikpride
Published: October 2024

The process of software testing is a crucial phase in determining the quality of software, and this phase requires significant costs and a considerable amount of time for testers. This paper discusses the development of a framework for software quality assessment, involving flexible choices of software testing methods and variables in the form of an application. The method used is experimental, developing a new framework based on previous research, where previous research was limited to specific methods and testing variables. The result of this research is the creation of a new framework for software quality assessment. It is hoped that this framework can serve as a reference for software companies in evaluating software quality. In terms of complexity, this framework has the advantage of allowing a tester to choose methods with more flexible or unlimited testing variables. Regarding the estimated time and costs, with [Formula: see text], the practical application complexity of the developed framework is estimated to have the best costs, time and human resources at IDR 254,240,000, with an estimated time of 3,178 work hours and 6,356 work hours with a team of 3 people.
Correspondence between factorability and normalization in monoids
Authors: Đurić Alen
Published: October 2024

This paper determines relations between two notions concerning monoids: factorability structure, introduced to simplify the bar complex; and quadratic normalization, introduced to generalize quadratic rewriting systems and normalizations arising from Garside families. Factorable monoids are characterized in the axiomatic setting of quadratic normalizations. Additionally, quadratic normalizations of class [Formula: see text] are characterized in terms of factorability structures and a condition ensuring the termination of the associated rewriting system.
Connected sum and crossing numbers of flat virtual knots
Authors: Chen Jie
Published: October 2024

The connected sum of two flat virtual knots depends on the choice of diagrams and basepoints. We show that any minimal crossing diagram of a composite flat virtual knot is a connected sum diagram. We also show that the crossing number of flat virtual knots is super-additive under connected sum.
Compatible, split and family Loday-algebras
Authors: Das Apurba
Published: October 2024

Given a nonsymmetric operad [Formula: see text], we first construct two new nonsymmetric operads [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. These operads are respectively useful to study compatible and split Loday-algebras. As an application of the operad [Formula: see text], we show that the cohomology of a compatible associative algebra carries a Gerstenhaber structure. We give an application of the operad [Formula: see text] to dendriform algebras and find generalizations to other Loday-algebras. In the end, we construct another operad [Formula: see text] to study dendriform-family algebras recently introduced in the literature. We also define and study homotopy dendriform-family algebras.
One-dimensional primordial gravitational waves in pure quadratic gravity
Authors: Mohammadi Taimur , Malekolkalami Behrooz
Published: October 2024

The almost-scale-invariant spectrum for the stochastic background wave (in primordial Universe) is a firm prediction of inflationary scenarios. In this work, to study of primordial Gravitational Waves, one-dimensional toy model in generalizations of the Einstein–Hilbert frame, described by second-order curvature invariant (called pure Quadratic Gravity) is considered. Solutions to the primordial perturbations are more varied than Einstein–Hilbert frame and include simple incoming and outcoming waves. By examining the spectrum diagram of the perturbation solutions, it can be seen that the oscillating solutions are ruled out due to not having the necessary spectral power, but the solutions as damping exponential have the ability to produce a scale-invariant spectrum (confirmed by CMB data).
Nonlinear Meshfree Collocation Method for Solving Double-Diffusive Natural Convection in a Porous Enclosure
Authors: Yang Judy P. , Chang Heng-Chun
Published: October 2024

A meshfree collocation method formulated by using reproducing kernel shape functions with Newton–Raphson method is presented with application to analyzing a three-phase coupling system in a porous enclosure. To tackle such a highly nonlinear phenomenon caused by double-diffusive natural convection, direct collocation using local approximation in conjunction with a two-step iteration solver is employed to stably and efficiently solve this problem. It has been shown that a determined and well-conditioned system is established under the collocation framework with reproducing kernel approximation. By conducting the parametric study, the numerical results have demonstrated the robustness of the proposed method in analyzing the porous enclosure by considering various geometry, boundary conditions, and governing parameters.
Distribution of ω(n) over h-free and h-full numbers
Authors: Das Sourabhashis , Kuo Wentang , Liu Yu-Ru
Published: October 2024

Let [Formula: see text] denote the number of distinct prime factors of a natural number [Formula: see text]. In 1917, Hardy and Ramanujan proved that [Formula: see text] has normal order [Formula: see text] over naturals. In this work, we establish the first and second moments of [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text]-free and [Formula: see text]-full numbers using a new counting argument and prove that [Formula: see text] has normal order [Formula: see text] over these subsets.
Recovering the Picard group of quadratic algebras from Wood’s binary quadratic forms
Authors: Dallaporta William
Published: October 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a scheme such that [Formula: see text] is not a zero divisor. In this paper, we address the following question: given a quadratic algebra over [Formula: see text], how can we parametrize its Picard group in terms of quadratic forms? In 2011, Wood established a set-theoretical bijection between isomorphism classes of primary binary quadratic forms over [Formula: see text] and isomorphism classes of pairs [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a quadratic algebra over [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is an invertible [Formula: see text]-module. Unexpectedly, examples suggest that a refinement of Wood’s bijection is needed in order to parametrize Picard groups. This is why we start by classifying quadratic algebras over [Formula: see text]; this is achieved by using two invariants, the discriminant and the parity. Extending the notion of orientation of quadratic algebras to the non-free case is another key step, eventually leading us to the desired parametrization. All along the paper, we illustrate various notions and obstructions with a wide range of examples.
The Effect of the trace operator on the duality of modular grids in genus zero levels
Authors: Clayton Archer , Jenkins Paul
Published: October 2024

Griffin, the second author, and Molnar studied coefficient duality for canonical bases for a broad range of spaces of weakly holomorphic modular forms, showing that the Fourier coefficients of canonical basis elements appear as negatives of Fourier coefficients for elements of a canonical basis of a related space of forms. We investigate the effect of the trace operator on this duality for modular forms for [Formula: see text] of genus zero and show exactly when duality still holds after applying the trace operator.
Engineered Gate-Based Nanoscaled JK Flip-Flop: Design, Simulation and Applications
Authors: Chadha Dev , Khan Anam , Alkhammash Hend I. , Loan Sajad A
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we design and simulate a novel, highly compact and power-efficient silicon-based JK flip-flop (JKFF) employing an engineered gate technique, for the first time. Herein, the pull-down and the pull-up paths used to realize the JKFF have been realized by 4 and 2 engineered gate transistors, respectively (total six), whereas 8 pull-ups and 8 pull-down (total 16) transistors are used to realize the JK flip-flip in the conventional MOS technology. Two-dimensional (2D) calibrated mixed-mode simulations have revealed substantial improvement in various performance measuring parameters of the proposed JK flip-flop. The proposed technique has resulted in a significant reduction of 62.5% in transistor count, [Formula: see text]9.12% in power consumption, 2.5% decrease in delay and 11.38% in power delay product in comparison to the conventional JKFF realization. Further, the proposed gate-engineered JKFF has been used to realize highly compact D and T flip-flops. It has been observed that a 55.5% and 62.5% decrease in transistor count have been achieved in comparison to the conventional MOS-based JKFF realization of D and T flip-flops, respectively. A significant improvement in power consumption, delay, and power delay products has been achieved in the proposed D and T flip-flops in comparison to the conventional JKFF-based D and T flips. It has been observed that notably, the versatility of this approach allows for straightforward adaptation to realize various other sequential and combinational circuits. Besides, the process flow for the fabrication of the proposed engineered gate transistors for realizing the JKFF, D and T flip-flops has also been given.
Revisiting the Look East Policy
Authors: JAMIL Nur Shahadah
Published: October 2024

This article revisits Malaysia’s 1982 Look East Policy (LEP) and examines its evolution amid contemporary Malaysia-Japan relations and geopolitical changes including intensifying US-China rivalry and China’s growing influence in the region. These developments present a new set of challenges and opportunities for Malaysia-Japan relations, necessitating a reevaluation of the LEP in today’s geopolitical climate. The article argues that despite China’s rising presence in the region, Japan remains significant to shaping Malaysia’s strategic outlook and regional stability.
China’s Thriving Middle East Engagement Challenges US Dominance
Authors: ZHU Zhiqun
Published: October 2024

The Middle East is important to China as a major source of energy, a key node in its Belt and Road Initiative and an emerging venue for US-China rivalry. China’s deepening involvement in the Middle East can be divided into three dimensions: economic, strategic and cultural. China is careful not to become mired in Middle Eastern politics and regional countries generally welcome China’s growing engagement. China’s expanding footprint in the region may intensify US-China rivalry.
Exploring 5-Nitro-N-phenyl-3-(phenylamino)-1H-indazole-1-carboxamide (5-NPIC) Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Docking and Molecular Dynamics Insights
Authors: Yadav Mithlesh , Mali Suraj N. , Sharma Bharti , Kapoor Archana
Published: October 2024

The synthesis and characterization of a series of 5-nitro-[Formula: see text]-phenyl-3-(phenylamino)-1[Formula: see text]-indazole-1-carboxamide 5-NPIC derivatives (5a– 5v) have been reported as anticancer agents in this study. These derivatives were synthesized by reacting 3-chloro-5-nitro-[Formula: see text]-phenyl-1[Formula: see text]-indazole-1-carboxamide (4) with a variety of aniline derivatives in isopropanol. FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectral methods were employed to confirm the structures of analogues (5a– 5v). The anticancer activity evaluation of compounds 5a– 5v revealed that 3-((3-methoxyphenyl) amino)-5-nitro-[Formula: see text]-phenyl-1[Formula: see text]-indazole-1-carboxamide (5j) exhibited good efficacy. The stability of ligand–protein complexes was systematically evaluated using molecular dynamics simulations (MDS), which demonstrated a consistent and robust binding of the most potent compound within the binding sites of target proteins. The results confirmed the anticancer activity, which was further substantiated by comprehensive molecular docking analyses that revealed complex interactions involving hydrophobic contacts, electrostatic forces and hydrogen bonds. Our results would collectively provide invaluable insights into the intricate molecular structure and dynamics of receptor target sites, thereby establishing a solid foundation for the development of novel and potent anticancer agents with optimistic pharmaceutical implications in near future.
In Silico Investigation Targeting the IL-6/JAK-1/TNF-α Pathway in Rheumatoid arthritis: Matricaria chamomilla L. Compounds
Authors: Özmaldar Aydın , Akkaya Hatice
Published: October 2024

Chamomile, emphasized as an herbal remedy with healing potential for human health, is used in traditional medicine. In this study, the potential of compounds derived from Matricaria chamomilla L. against IL-6, JAK-1 and TNF-[Formula: see text] target proteins associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was compared with known inhibitors. The drug-likeness and ADME/T properties of these compounds were investigated using online tools, and molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations of the selected structures were examined. IL-6, JAK-1 and TNF-[Formula: see text] formed stable complexes with apigenin, quercetin and galaxolide, respectively, demonstrating that these compounds exhibit potential inhibitory activity against RA.
Gen-AI Methods, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Identification of Novel Inhibitors of MmPL3 Transporter of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Pawar Atul , Almutairi Tahani Mazyad , Shinde Omkar , Chikhale Rupesh
Published: October 2024

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis (TB), employs mycolic acids to build its cell wall. This robust structure plays a vital role in protecting the bacterium from external threats and contributes to its resistance against antibiotics. Mycobacterial membrane protein Large 3 (MmpL3), a secondary resistance nodulation division transporter, is essential in mycolic acid biosynthesis, transporting mycolic acid precursors into the periplasm using the proton motive force. Due to its role in bacterial cell wall formation, it is a promising target for new tuberculosis treatments. In this study, starting with 85 known MmPL3 compounds, the artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted tool “Design of Druglike Analogues (DeLA-Drug)” was employed to generate about 15,000 novel molecules. These compounds were then subjected to structure-based high-throughput virtual screening and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to identify potential novel inhibitors of MmpL3. The binding affinity was obtained by docking the above molecules at the SQ109 binding site in MmPL3, followed by pharmacokinetics and toxicity, which were used to reduce the chemical space. Finally, five ligands were subjected to 100 ns MD simulations to investigate the binding energetics of inhibitors to MmpL3. These compounds demonstrated stable binding and favorable drug-like properties, indicating that they could serve as potential novel inhibitors of MmpL3 for Mtb.
Oncology Combination Drug Development Strategies for Project Optimus
Authors: Yap Timothy A. , Bullock Julie , Chong Susan , Doyle Megan K. , Hussain Azher , Kline Jackie , Manon Amandine , Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Upreti Vijay V.
Published: October 2024

The Project Optimus initiative from the FDA introduced a new dose optimization and selection paradigm in oncology drug development. The FDA has outlined approaches to dose optimization for single agents, but multiple oncology drugs are being developed for use in combination with other therapies. Dose optimization in the context of combination drug development is complex and requires a case-by-case approach. It necessitates commitment to the totality of available evidence, leveraging all relevant data on mechanism of action, nonclinical and clinical pharmacology, safety, and principles of model-informed drug development. In this article, we outline key considerations for sponsors and investigators pursuing dose optimization with combinatorial regimens. We illustrate important strategies for dose optimization in the combination setting using a range of hypothetical case examples that represent typical drug development scenarios. Close discussions and collaboration with regulators regarding the optimal approaches to these scenarios will continue to be critical.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Clonal Lineage Tracing with Somatic Delivery of Recordable Barcodes Reveals Migration Histories of Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Serio Ryan N. , Scheben Armin , Lu Billy , Gargiulo Domenic V. , Patruno Lucrezia , Buckholtz Caroline L. , Chaffee Ryan J. , Jibilian Megan C. , Persaud Steven G. , Staklinski Stephen J. , Hassett Rebecca , Brault Lise M. , Ramazzotti Daniele , Barbieri Christopher E. , Siepel Adam C. , Nowak Dawid G.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Figure S5. Immunostaining of tissues excised from prostate tumor regions.
Supplementary Figure S9 from Iron-(Fe3+)-Dependent Reactivation of Telomerase Drives Colorectal Cancers
Authors: Shanmugam Raghuvaran , Majee Prativa , Shi Wei , Ozturk Mert B. , Vaiyapuri Thamil S. , Idzham Khaireen , Raju Anandhkumar , Shin Seung H. , Fidan Kerem , Low Joo-Leng , Chua Joelle Y.H. , Kong Yap C. , Qi Ong Y. , Tan Emile , Chok Aik Y. , Seow-En Isaac , Wee Ian , Macalinao Dominique C. , Chong Dawn Q. , Chang Hong Y. , Lee Fiona , Leow Wei Q. , Murata-Hori Maki , Xiaoqian Zhang , Shumei Chia , Tan Chris S.H. , Dasgupta Ramanuj , Tan Iain B. , Tergaonkar Vinay
Published: October 2024

Role of Iron-(Fe3+) and Pirin in CRC
Supplementary Table S1 from The History of Chromosomal Instability in Genome-Doubled Tumors
Authors: Baker Toby M. , Lai Siqi , Lynch Andrew R. , Lesluyes Tom , Yan Haixi , Ogilvie Huw A. , Verfaillie Annelien , Dentro Stefan , Bowes Amy L. , Pillay Nischalan , Flanagan Adrienne M. , Swanton Charles , Spellman Paul T. , Tarabichi Maxime , Van Loo Peter
Published: October 2024

Table S1 shows the number of possible routes for different copy numbers states.
Supplementary Figures from The History of Chromosomal Instability in Genome-Doubled Tumors
Authors: Baker Toby M. , Lai Siqi , Lynch Andrew R. , Lesluyes Tom , Yan Haixi , Ogilvie Huw A. , Verfaillie Annelien , Dentro Stefan , Bowes Amy L. , Pillay Nischalan , Flanagan Adrienne M. , Swanton Charles , Spellman Paul T. , Tarabichi Maxime , Van Loo Peter
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Figures S1 to S52 S1 WGD frequencies across cancer types and stage. S2 Effect of WGD constraint on timing accuracy. S3 Measuring timing accuracy on simulated data. S4-7 Measuring timing accuracy on simulated data by copy number state. S8-11 Measuring inferred route probabilities on simulated data. S12 Timing of gains in multi-region tumors. S13-14 Difference in timing between different gain routes. S15 Non-parsimony in copy number gain evolution. S16 Non-parsimony by copy number state. S17-18 Calibrating a penalty on non-parsimony. S19 Clear-cell sample gain timing. S20 Gain route agreement within chromosomes. S21 Probability of pre-WGD gains in different chromosomes and copy number states. S22 Distribution of gain timing by major copy number. S23 Single-cell copy number profiles of an undifferentiated sarcoma. S24 Distribution of gain rates relative to WGD by cancer type. S25 Distribution of gain rates relative to WGD compared to simulations. S26 Example sample gain timing posterior. S27 Combined distribution over gain timing by WGD status. S28 The timing of gains relative to WGD. S29 The timing of gains relative to WGD by cancer type. S30 Proportion of copy number events post-WGD. S31 The relationship between genome gained post-WGD and WGD timing by cancer type. S32 The relationship between genome gained pre-WGD and WGD timing by cancer type. S33 The relationship between fraction of genome lost pre and post-WGD and WGD timing by cancer type. S34 Punctuated gains in WGD tumors. S35 Association between chromothripsis and punctuated gains. S36 Genomic features of punctuated gains. S37 Frequency of arm gains pre and post-WGD and in non-WGD tumors. S38 Frequency of arm gains pre and post-WGD and in non-WGD tumors by cancer type. S39 Frequency of arm losses pre and post-WGD and in non-WGD tumors by cancer type. S40 Effect of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene density on arm gain rates. S41 Effect of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene density on arm loss rates. S42-46 Pan-genome frequencies of pre and post-WGD gains by cancer type. S47-49 Pan-genome frequencies of pre and post-WGD losses by cancer type. S50 The effect of NRPCC and mutation count on gain timing inference. S51 WGD status calling in GRITIC. S52 The effect of the non-parsimony penalty on event timing.
Supplementary Figure S6 from Iron-(Fe3+)-Dependent Reactivation of Telomerase Drives Colorectal Cancers
Authors: Shanmugam Raghuvaran , Majee Prativa , Shi Wei , Ozturk Mert B. , Vaiyapuri Thamil S. , Idzham Khaireen , Raju Anandhkumar , Shin Seung H. , Fidan Kerem , Low Joo-Leng , Chua Joelle Y.H. , Kong Yap C. , Qi Ong Y. , Tan Emile , Chok Aik Y. , Seow-En Isaac , Wee Ian , Macalinao Dominique C. , Chong Dawn Q. , Chang Hong Y. , Lee Fiona , Leow Wei Q. , Murata-Hori Maki , Xiaoqian Zhang , Shumei Chia , Tan Chris S.H. , Dasgupta Ramanuj , Tan Iain B. , Tergaonkar Vinay
Published: October 2024

SP2509 competes with Iron-(Fe3+) bound to Pirin
Supplementary Table S9 from Biologic and Clinical Analysis of Childhood Gamma Delta T-ALL Identifies LMO2/STAG2 Rearrangements as Extremely High Risk
Authors: Kimura Shunsuke , Park Chun Shik , Montefiori Lindsey E. , Iacobucci Ilaria , Pölönen Petri , Gao Qingsong , Arnold Elizabeth D. , Attarbaschi Andishe , Brown Anthony , Buldini Barbara , Caldwell Kenneth J. , Chang Yunchao , Chen Chelsey , Cheng Cheng , Cheng Zhongshan , Choi John , Conter Valentino , Crews Kristine R. , de Groot-Kruseman Hester A. , Deguchi Takao , Eguchi Mariko , Muhle Hannah E. , Elitzur Sarah , Escherich Gabriele , Freeman Burgess B. , Gu Zhaohui , Han Katie , Horibe Keizo , Imamura Toshihiko , Jeha Sima , Kato Motohiro , Chiew Kean H. , Khan Tanya , Kicinski Michal , Köhrer Stefan , Kornblau Steven M. , Kotecha Rishi S. , Li Chi-Kong , Liu Yen-Chun , Locatelli Franco , Luger Selina M. , Paietta Elisabeth M. , Manabe Atsushi , Marquart Hanne V. , Masetti Riccardo , Maybury Mellissa , Mazilier Pauline , Meijerink Jules P.P. , Mitchell Sharnise , Miyamura Takako , Moore Andrew S. , Oshima Koichi , Pawinska-Wasikowska Katarzyna , Pieters Rob , Prater Mollie S. , Pruett-Miller Shondra M. , Pui Ching-Hon , Qu Chunxu , Reiterova Michaela , Reyes Noemi , Roberts Kathryn G. , Rowe Jacob M. , Sato Atsushi , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Schrappe Martin , Shen Shuhong , Skoczeń Szymon , Spinelli Orietta , Stary Jan , Svaton Michael , Takagi Masatoshi , Takita Junko , Tang Yanjing , Teachey David T. , Thomas Paul G. , Tomizawa Daisuke , Trka Jan , Varotto Elena , Vincent Tiffaney L. , Yang Jun J. , Yeoh Allen E.J. , Zhou Yinmei , Zimmermann Martin , Inaba Hiroto , Mullighan Charles G.
Published: October 2024

Differentially expressed genes (adjusted P <0.01 ) of LMO2 γδ-like subtype vs other T-ALL.
Supplementary Figure S4 from CD28 Costimulation Augments CAR Signaling in NK Cells via the LCK/CD3ζ/ZAP70 Signaling Axis
Authors: Acharya Sunil , Basar Rafet , Daher May , Rafei Hind , Li Ping , Uprety Nadima , Ensley Emily , Shanley Mayra , Kumar Bijender , Banerjee Pinaki P. , Melo Garcia Luciana , Lin Paul , Mohanty Vakul , Kim Kun H. , Jiang Xianli , Pan Yuchen , Li Ye , Liu Bin , Nunez Cortes Ana K. , Zhang Chenyu , Fathi Mohsen , Rezvan Ali , Montalvo Melisa J. , Cha Sophia L. , Reyes-Silva Francia , Shrestha Rejeena , Guo Xingliang , Kundu Kiran , Biederstädt Alexander , Muniz-Feliciano Luis , Deyter Gary M. , Kaplan Mecit , Jiang Xin R. , Liu Enli , Jain Antrix , Roszik Janos , Fowlkes Natalie W. , Solis Soto Luisa M. , Raso Maria G. , Khoury Joseph D. , Lin Pei , Vega Francisco , Varadarajan Navin , Chen Ken , Marin David , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Rezvani Katayoun
Published: October 2024

In vivo antitumor activity of CAR27-expressing NK cells.
Supplementary Figure S3 from CD28 Costimulation Augments CAR Signaling in NK Cells via the LCK/CD3ζ/ZAP70 Signaling Axis
Authors: Acharya Sunil , Basar Rafet , Daher May , Rafei Hind , Li Ping , Uprety Nadima , Ensley Emily , Shanley Mayra , Kumar Bijender , Banerjee Pinaki P. , Melo Garcia Luciana , Lin Paul , Mohanty Vakul , Kim Kun H. , Jiang Xianli , Pan Yuchen , Li Ye , Liu Bin , Nunez Cortes Ana K. , Zhang Chenyu , Fathi Mohsen , Rezvan Ali , Montalvo Melisa J. , Cha Sophia L. , Reyes-Silva Francia , Shrestha Rejeena , Guo Xingliang , Kundu Kiran , Biederstädt Alexander , Muniz-Feliciano Luis , Deyter Gary M. , Kaplan Mecit , Jiang Xin R. , Liu Enli , Jain Antrix , Roszik Janos , Fowlkes Natalie W. , Solis Soto Luisa M. , Raso Maria G. , Khoury Joseph D. , Lin Pei , Vega Francisco , Varadarajan Navin , Chen Ken , Marin David , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Rezvani Katayoun
Published: October 2024

CAR27-28ζ NK cells show polyfunctionality.