bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling the burden of long-term care for institutionalised elderly based on care duration and intensity
Authors: Bladt Martin , Fuino Michel , Shemendyuk Aleksandr , Wagner Joël
Published: August 2022

The financing of long-term care and the planning of care capacity are of increasing interest due to demographic changes and the ageing population in many countries. Since many care-intensive conditions begin to manifest at higher ages, a better understanding and assessment of the expected costs, required infrastructure, and number of qualified personnel are essential. To evaluate the overall burden of institutional care, we derive a model based on the duration of stay in dependence and the intensity of help provided to elderly individuals. This article aims to model both aspects using novel longitudinal data from nursing homes in the canton of Geneva in Switzerland. Our data contain comprehensive health and care information, including medical diagnoses, levels of dependence, and physical and psychological impairments on 21,758 individuals. We build an accelerated failure time model to study the influence of selected factors on the duration of care and a beta regression model to describe the intensity of care. We show that apart from age and gender, the duration of stay before death is mainly affected by the underlying diseases and the number of different diagnoses. Simultaneously, care intensity is driven by the individual level of dependence and specific limitations. Using both evaluations, we approximate the overall care severity for individual profiles. Our study sheds light on the relevant medical, physical, and psychological health indicators that need to be accounted for, not only by care providers but also by policy-makers and insurers.
The Impact of Emotional versus Instrumental Reasons for Dual Citizenship on the Perceived Loyalty and Political Tolerance of Immigrant-Origin Minorities
Authors: Verkuyten Maykel , Gale Jessica , Yogeeswaran Kumar , Adelman Levi
Published: August 2022

An increasing number of states permit dual citizenship, but there are public concerns about divided loyalties of dual citizens which might lead to intolerance of their political rights. We propose and test whether these concerns depend on the emotional versus instrumental reasons immigrants express for acquiring their second, host society citizenship. Using a survey experiment on a nationally representative sample of native-born Dutch, we find that emotional (vs. instrumental) reasons for a second citizenship lead to higher perceived host society loyalty, which is related to greater political tolerance of dual citizens. Instrumental reason for dual citizenship leads to higher perceived loyalty to the country of origin; however, this is not related to political tolerance of such dual citizens. Implications for theory and society are considered.
Sea Spray Impacts on Tropical Cyclone Olwyn Using a Coupled Atmosphere‐Ocean‐Wave Model
Authors: Xu Xingkun , Voermans Joey Jeff , Moon Il‐Ju , Liu Qingxiang , Guan Changlong , Babanin Alexander V.
Published: August 2022

Extreme marine weather enhances the production of sea spray droplets which, in turn, affect the air‐sea fluxes. Despite the ability of sea spray to modulate air‐sea interaction processes, it remains under‐represented in tropical cyclone (TC) forecasting modeling. In this study, impacts of sea spray on the atmospheric and oceanic environments of TC Olwyn are investigated. This is achieved by high‐resolution nested simulations using an air‐sea‐wave model coupled with a sea spray production model. We compared two different sea spray models: a wave‐Reynolds‐number‐dependent model, and a wave‐steepness‐dependent spray model. By including a sea spray model, the root mean square error in the simulated TC Olwyn 10 m wind and significant wave height are significantly reduced by up to 30% and 26%, respectively, in comparison to the baseline simulation without spray. This improvement is because sea spray decreases air‐sea heat fluxes at larger radii of TC, and increases air‐sea heat fluxes at smaller radii of TC. In contrast to the simulated results without sea spray, sea spray increases the air‐sea heat (sensible + latent) energy transfer and intensifies TC Olwyn. Sea spray also triggers stronger upper‐ocean mixing and strengthens the TC‐induced sea surface temperature cooling. Our results thus imply that sea spray critically impacts the atmosphere and ocean conditions during extreme marine weather and thus needs to be considered explicitly in TC forecasting modeling.
Generalisable 3D printing error detection and correction via multi-head neural networks
Authors: Brion Douglas A. J. , Pattinson Sebastian W.
Published: August 2022

Material extrusion is the most widespread additive manufacturing method but its application in end-use products is limited by vulnerability to errors. Humans can detect errors but cannot provide continuous monitoring or real-time correction. Existing automated approaches are not generalisable across different parts, materials, and printing systems. We train a multi-head neural network using images automatically labelled by deviation from optimal printing parameters. The automation of data acquisition and labelling allows the generation of a large and varied extrusion 3D printing dataset, containing 1.2 million images from 192 different parts labelled with printing parameters. The thus trained neural network, alongside a control loop, enables real-time detection and rapid correction of diverse errors that is effective across many different 2D and 3D geometries, materials, printers, toolpaths, and even extrusion methods. We additionally create visualisations of the network’s predictions to shed light on how it makes decisions.
Atomic-scale 3D imaging of individual dopant atoms in an oxide semiconductor
Authors: Hunnestad K. A. , Hatzoglou C. , Khalid Z. M. , Vullum P. E. , Yan Z. , Bourret E. , van Helvoort A. T. J. , Selbach S. M. , Meier D.
Published: August 2022

The physical properties of semiconductors are controlled by chemical doping. In oxide semiconductors, small variations in the density of dopant atoms can completely change the local electric and magnetic responses caused by their strongly correlated electrons. In lightly doped systems, however, such variations are difficult to determine as quantitative 3D imaging of individual dopant atoms is a major challenge. We apply atom probe tomography to resolve the atomic sites that donors occupy in the small band gap semiconductor Er(Mn,Ti)O3 with a nominal Ti concentration of 0.04 at. %, map their 3D lattice positions, and quantify spatial variations. Our work enables atomic-level 3D studies of structure-property relations in lightly doped complex oxides, which is crucial to understand and control emergent dopant-driven quantum phenomena.
Precision dynamical mapping using topological data analysis reveals a hub-like transition state at rest
Authors: Saggar Manish , Shine James M. , Liégeois Raphaël , Dosenbach Nico U. F. , Fair Damien
Published: August 2022

In the absence of external stimuli, neural activity continuously evolves from one configuration to another. Whether these transitions or explorations follow some underlying arrangement or lack a predictable ordered plan remains to be determined. Here, using fMRI data from highly sampled individuals (~5 hours of resting-state data per individual), we aimed to reveal the rules that govern transitions in brain activity at rest. Our Topological Data Analysis based Mapper approach characterized a highly visited transition state of the brain that acts as a switch between different neural configurations to organize the spontaneous brain activity. Further, while the transition state was characterized by a uniform representation of canonical resting-state networks (RSNs), the periphery of the landscape was dominated by a subject-specific combination of RSNs. Altogether, we revealed rules or principles that organize spontaneous brain activity using a precision dynamics approach.
Distractibility and impulsivity neural states are distinct from selective attention and modulate the implementation of spatial attention
Authors: Amengual J. L. , Di Bello F. , Ben Hadj Hassen S. , Ben Hamed Suliann
Published: August 2022

In the context of visual attention, it has been classically assumed that missing the response to a target or erroneously selecting a distractor occurs as a consequence of the (miss)allocation of attention in space. In the present paper, we challenge this view and provide evidence that, in addition to encoding spatial attention, prefrontal neurons also encode a distractibility-to-impulsivity state. Using supervised dimensionality reduction techniques in prefrontal neuronal recordings in monkeys, we identify two partially overlapping neuronal subpopulations associated either with the focus of attention or overt behaviour. The degree of overlap accounts for the behavioral gain associated with the good allocation of attention. We further describe the neural variability accounting for distractibility-to-impulsivity behaviour by a two dimensional state associated with optimality in task and responsiveness. Overall, we thus show that behavioral performance arises from the integration of task-specific neuronal processes and pre-existing neuronal states describing task-independent behavioral states.
Nitrogen isotope evidence for Earth’s heterogeneous accretion of volatiles
Authors: Shi Lanlan , Lu Wenhua , Kagoshima Takanori , Sano Yuji , Gao Zenghao , Du Zhixue , Liu Yun , Fei Yingwei , Li Yuan
Published: August 2022

The origin of major volatiles nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur in planets is critical for understanding planetary accretion, differentiation, and habitability. However, the detailed process for the origin of Earth’s major volatiles remains unresolved. Nitrogen shows large isotopic fractionations among geochemical and cosmochemical reservoirs, which could be used to place tight constraints on Earth’s volatile accretion process. Here we experimentally determine N-partitioning and -isotopic fractionation between planetary cores and silicate mantles. We show that the core/mantle N-isotopic fractionation factors, ranging from −4‰ to +10‰, are strongly controlled by oxygen fugacity, and the core/mantle N-partitioning is a multi-function of oxygen fugacity, temperature, pressure, and compositions of the core and mantle. After applying N-partitioning and -isotopic fractionation in a planetary accretion and core–mantle differentiation model, we find that the N-budget and -isotopic composition of Earth’s crust plus atmosphere, silicate mantle, and the mantle source of oceanic island basalts are best explained by Earth’s early accretion of enstatite chondrite-like impactors, followed by accretion of increasingly oxidized impactors and minimal CI chondrite-like materials before and during the Moon-forming giant impact. Such a heterogeneous accretion process can also explain the carbon–hydrogen–sulfur budget in the bulk silicate Earth. The Earth may thus have acquired its major volatile inventory heterogeneously during the main accretion phase.
SH3 domain regulation of RhoGAP activity: Crosstalk between p120RasGAP and DLC1 RhoGAP
Authors: Chau Jocelyn E. , Vish Kimberly J. , Boggon Titus J. , Stiegler Amy L.
Published: August 2022

RhoGAP proteins are key regulators of Rho family GTPases and influence a variety of cellular processes, including cell migration, adhesion, and cytokinesis. These GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) downregulate Rho signaling by binding and enhancing the intrinsic GTPase activity of Rho proteins. Deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) is a tumor suppressor and ubiquitously expressed RhoGAP protein; its activity is regulated in part by binding p120RasGAP, a GAP protein for the Ras GTPases. In this study, we report the co-crystal structure of the p120RasGAP SH3 domain bound directly to DLC1 RhoGAP, at a site partially overlapping the RhoA binding site and impinging on the catalytic arginine finger. We demonstrate biochemically that mutation of this interface relieves inhibition of RhoGAP activity by the SH3 domain. These results reveal the mechanism for inhibition of DLC1 RhoGAP activity by p120RasGAP and demonstrate the molecular basis for direct SH3 domain modulation of GAP activity.
PIF4 enhances DNA binding of CDF2 to co-regulate target gene expression and promote Arabidopsis hypocotyl cell elongation
Authors: Gao He , Song Wen , Severing Edouard , Vayssières Alice , Huettel Bruno , Franzen Rainer , Richter René , Chai Jijie , Coupland George
Published: August 2022

How specificity is conferred within gene regulatory networks is an important problem in biology. The basic helix–loop–helix PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) and single zinc-finger CYCLING DOF FACTORs (CDFs) mediate growth responses of Arabidopsis to light and temperature. We show that these two classes of transcription factor (TF) act cooperatively. CDF2 and PIF4 are temporally and spatially co-expressed, they interact to form a protein complex and act in the same genetic pathway to promote hypocotyl cell elongation. Furthermore, PIF4 substantially strengthens genome-wide occupancy of CDF2 at a subset of its target genes. One of these, YUCCA8, encodes an auxin biosynthesis enzyme whose transcription is increased by PIF4 and CDF2 to contribute to hypocotyl elongation. The binding sites of PIF4 and CDF2 in YUCCA8 are closely spaced, and in vitro PIF4 enhances binding of CDF2. We propose that this occurs by direct protein interaction and because PIF4 binding alters DNA conformation. Thus, we define mechanisms by which PIF and CDF TFs cooperate to achieve regulatory specificity and promote cell elongation in response to light.
The microbiome of a bacterivorous marine choanoflagellate contains a resource-demanding obligate bacterial associate
Authors: Needham David M. , Poirier Camille , Bachy Charles , George Emma E. , Wilken Susanne , Yung Charmaine C. M. , Limardo Alexander J. , Morando Michael , Sudek Lisa , Malmstrom Rex R. , Keeling Patrick J. , Santoro Alyson E. , Worden Alexandra Z.
Published: August 2022

Microbial predators such as choanoflagellates are key players in ocean food webs. Choanoflagellates, which are the closest unicellular relatives of animals, consume bacteria and also exhibit marked biological transitions triggered by bacterial compounds, yet their native microbiomes remain uncharacterized. Here we report the discovery of a ubiquitous, uncultured bacterial lineage we nameCandidatusComchoanobacterales ord. nov., related to the human pathogenCoxiellaand physically associated with the uncultured marine choanoflagellateBicosta minor. We analyse complete ‘Comchoano’ genomes acquired after sorting singleBicostacells, finding signatures of obligate host-dependence, including reduction of pathways encoding glycolysis, membrane components, amino acids and B-vitamins. Comchoano encode the necessary apparatus to import energy and other compounds from the host, proteins for host-cell associations and a type IV secretion system closest toCoxiella’sthat is expressed in Pacific Ocean metatranscriptomes. Interactions between choanoflagellates and their microbiota could reshape the direction of energy and resource flow attributed to microbial predators, adding complexity and nuance to marine food webs.
Cortical inhibition in neurofibromatosis type 1 is modulated by lovastatin, as demonstrated by a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Bernardino Inês , Dionísio Ana , Castelo-Branco Miguel
Published: August 2022

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is associated with GABAergic dysfunction which has been suggested as the underlying cause of cognitive impairments. Previous intervention trials investigated the statins’ effects using cognitive outcome measures. However, available outcome measures have led to inconclusive results and there is a need to identify other options. Here, we aimed at investigating alternative outcome measures in a feasibility trial targeting cortical inhibition mechanisms known to be altered in NF1. We explored the neurochemical and physiological changes elicited by lovastatin, with magnetic resonance spectroscopy and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Fifteen NF1 adults participated in this randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03826940) composed of one baseline and two reassessment visits after lovastatin/placebo intake (60 mg/day, 3-days). Motor cortex GABA+ and Glx concentrations were measured using HERMES and PRESS sequences, respectively. Cortical inhibition was investigated by paired-pulse, input–output curve, and cortical silent period (CSP) TMS protocols. CSP ratios were significantly increased by lovastatin (relative: p = 0.027; absolute: p = 0.034) but not by placebo. CSP durations showed a negative correlation with the LICI 50 ms amplitude ratio. Lovastatin was able to modulate cortical inhibition in NF1, as assessed by TMS CSP ratios. The link between this modulation of cortical inhibition and clinical improvements should be addressed by future large-scale studies.
Impact of habitual chewing on gut motility via microbiota transition
Authors: Yaoita Fukie , Watanabe Keita , Kimura Ikuo , Miyazawa Masayuki , Tsuchiya Shinobu , Kanzaki Makoto , Tsuchiya Masahiro , Tan-No Koichi
Published: August 2022

The gut environment, including the microbiota and its metabolites and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), is essential for health maintenance. It is considered that functional recovery treatment for masticatory dysphagia affects the composition of the gut microbiota, indicating that habitual mastication, depending on the hardness of the food, may affect the gut microbiota and environment. However, the impact of chronic powdered diet feeding on the colonic condition and motility remains unclear. Here, we evaluated various colonic features in mice fed with powdered diets for a long-term and a mouse model with masticatory behavior. We observed a decreased abundance of the SCFA-producing bacterial genera in the ceca of the powdered diet-fed mice. Based on the importance of SCFAs in gut immune homeostasis and motility, interestingly, powdered diet feeding also resulted in constipation-like symptoms due to mild colitis, which were ameliorated by the administration of a neutrophil-depleting agent and neutrophil elastase inhibitors. Lastly, the suppressed colonic motility in the powdered diet-fed mice was significantly improved by loading masticatory activity for 2 h. Thus, feeding habits with appropriate masticatory activity and stimulation may play a key role in providing a favorable gut environment based on interactions between the gut microbiota and host immune system.
The Mis6 inner kinetochore subcomplex maintains CENP-A nucleosomes against centromeric non-coding transcription during mitosis
Authors: Hirai Hayato , Shogaki Yuki , Sato Masamitsu
Published: August 2022

Centromeres are established by nucleosomes containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A. CENP-A is recruited to centromeres by the Mis18–HJURP machinery. During mitosis, CENP-A recruitment ceases, implying the necessity of CENP-A maintenance at centromeres, although the exact underlying mechanism remains elusive. Herein, we show that the inner kinetochore protein Mis6 (CENP-I) and Mis15 (CENP-N) retain CENP-A during mitosis in fission yeast. Eliminating Mis6 or Mis15 during mitosis caused immediate loss of pre-existing CENP-A at centromeres. CENP-A loss occurred due to the transcriptional upregulation of non-coding RNAs at the central core region of centromeres, as confirmed by the observation RNA polymerase II inhibition preventing CENP-A loss from centromeres in the mis6 mutant. Thus, we concluded that the inner kinetochore complex containing Mis6–Mis15 blocks the indiscriminate transcription of non-coding RNAs at the core centromere, thereby retaining the epigenetic inheritance of CENP-A during mitosis.
An inhibited laser
Authors: Shi Tiantian , Pan Duo , Chen Jingbiao
Published: August 2022

Traditional lasers function using resonant cavities, in which the round-trip optical path is equal to an integer multiple of the intracavity wavelengths to constructively enhance the spontaneous emission rate. Taking advantage of the cavity enhancement effect, the narrowest sub-10-mHz-linewidth laser and a 10−16-fractional-frequency-stability superradiant active optical clock (AOC) have been achieved. However, a laser with atomic spontaneous radiation being destructively inhibited in an anti-resonant cavity, where the atomic resonance is exactly between two adjacent cavity resonances, has not been reported. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate the inhibited laser. Compared with traditional AOCs, which exhibit superiority in terms of the high suppression of cavity noise, the suppression of the cavity-pulling effect of an inhibited laser can be further improved by a factor of$${\left(2{{{{{{{\mathcal{F}}}}}}}}/\pi \right)}^{2}$$2F/π2, which is improved from 26 to 53 times. This study will guide further development of AOCs with better stability, and thus, it is significant for quantum metrology and may lead to new research in the laser physics and cavity quantum electrodynamics fields.
Enzymatic upgrading of nanochitin using an ancient lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase
Authors: Barandiaran Leire , Alonso-Lerma Borja , Reifs Antonio , Larraza Izaskun , Olmos-Juste Raquel , Fernandez-Calvo Alba , Jabalera Ylenia , Eceiza Arantxa , Perez-Jimenez Raul
Published: August 2022

Numerous enzymes have the potential to upgrade biomass, converting it into high-tech materials for new applications. However, the features of natural enzymes often limit their use beyond chemical conversion of the substrate. The development of strategies for the enzymatic conversion of biomass into high-value materials may broaden the range of applications of enzymes and enzyme design techniques. A relevant case is lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO), a class of enzymes that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of glycosidic bonds. Here, we show that an ancestral LPMO can generate chitin nanocrystals. Physicochemical characterization of the chitin nanocrystals demonstrates modifications that make it superior compared to chitin obtained by chemical treatments. We show that the nanocrystals are suitable for controlled 2D and 3D cell cultures, as well as for engineering a biomatrix that combines with graphene oxide, forming a hybrid conductive bioink.
Nuclear morphology is a deep learning biomarker of cellular senescence
Authors: Heckenbach Indra , Mkrtchyan Garik V. , Ezra Michael Ben , Bakula Daniela , Madsen Jakob Sture , Nielsen Malte Hasle , Oró Denise , Osborne Brenna , Covarrubias Anthony J , Idda M. Laura , Gorospe Myriam , Mortensen Laust , Verdin Eric , Westendorp Rudi , Scheibye-Knudsen Morten
Published: August 2022

Cellular senescence is an important factor in aging and many age-related diseases, but understanding its role in health is challenging due to the lack of exclusive or universal markers. Using neural networks, we predict senescence from the nuclear morphology of human fibroblasts with up to 95% accuracy, and investigate murine astrocytes, murine neurons, and fibroblasts with premature aging in culture. After generalizing our approach, the predictor recognizes higher rates of senescence in p21-positive and ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU)-negative nuclei in tissues and shows an increasing rate of senescent cells with age in H&E-stained murine liver tissue and human dermal biopsies. Evaluating medical records reveals that higher rates of senescent cells correspond to decreased rates of malignant neoplasms and increased rates of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, hypertension and cerebral infarction. In sum, we show that morphological alterations of the nucleus can serve as a deep learning predictor of senescence that is applicable across tissues and species and is associated with health outcomes in humans.
RGB color analysis of formaldehyde in vegetables based on DNA functionalized gold nanoparticles and triplex DNA
Authors: Huang Wenxiu , Zhao Lizhen , Shen Ruidi , Li Gongke , Ling Liansheng
Published: August 2022

We developed an RGB color analysis for the detection of formaldehyde (FA) by using a DNA functionalized gold nanoparticle probe.
Ternary PdCoP nanoparticles with nanopore structures: synergic boosting of electrocatalytic activity for ethanol oxidation
Authors: Zhang Jiacheng , Wan Tingting , Yang Xianlong , Li Qiuyu , Xiang Dong , Yuan Xiaoyou , Sun Zhenjie , Li Peng , Zhu Manzhou
Published: August 2022

Unique PdCoP nanoparticles with nanopore structures exhibited excellent mass/specific activities (5.97 A mgPd−1/18.21 mA cm−2) for ethanol oxidation under alkaline conditions.
Cu-Catalyzed decarboxylative annulation of N-substituted glycines with 3-formylchromones: synthesis of functionalized chromeno[2,3-b]pyrrol-4(1H)-ones
Authors: Chen Li , Li Yuan-Da , Lv Ying , Lu Zi-Han , Yan Sheng-Jiao
Published: August 2022

A novel protocol for the construction of chromeno[2,3-b]pyrrol-4(1H)-ones (CMPOs) 3 from 3-formylchromones, and glycine derivatives via a cascade reaction was developed.
Derivatization-free determination of carbonyl compounds using bifunctional chemiluminescence coreactant thiourea dioxide
Authors: Liu Fangshuo , Ji Kaixiang , Quan Shuai , Zhou Zhenzhen , Dong Zhiyong , Hussain Altaf , Zhang Wei , Xu Guobao
Published: August 2022

Being able to uniquely produce both a reductant and oxidant, thiourea dioxide has been exploited to detect carbonyl compounds by reduction for the first time.
A computational mechanistic study of CH hydroxylation with mononuclear copper–oxygen complexes
Authors: Lan Zhenzhuo , Toney Jacob , Mallikarjun Sharada Shaama
Published: August 2022

A computational study of methane hydroxylation by oxygen-bound monocopper complexes.
Efficient bioparticle extraction using a miniaturized inertial microfluidic centrifuge
Authors: Fang Yaohui , Zhu Shu , Cheng Weiqi , Ni Zhonghua , Xiang Nan
Published: August 2022

A miniaturized centrifuge with integrated inertial spiral and two-stage serpentine channels, allowing for the efficient washing and acquisition of concentrated bioparticles from background fluids.
Simplifying the complex: accessible microfluidic solutions for contemporary processes within in vitro diagnostics
Authors: Khosla Nathan K. , Lesinski Jake M. , Colombo Monika , Bezinge Léonard , deMello Andrew J. , Richards Daniel A.
Published: August 2022

This review details how microfluidic technologies are disrupting the status quo, and facilitating the development of simple, affordable, and accessible integrated IVDs.
Optical response of hyperbolic metamaterials with adsorbed nanoparticle arrays
Authors: Zagar Cristian , Krammer Ferdinand G. P. , Pendry John B. , Kornyshev Alexei A.
Published: August 2022

Abnormal optical response of layered hyperbolic metamaterial with plasmonic nanoparticle arrays on top.
Neutrophil membrane camouflaged hybrid nanozymes for enhanced starvation/photothermal tumor therapy
Authors: Li Minghui , Cui Xinyu , Li Chao , Han Xiaojun
Published: August 2022

A neutrophil membrane camouflaged hybrid nanozyme (GOx/HPB/NEM) is fabricated based on hollow Prussian blue loaded with GOx for enhanced starvation/photothermal tumor therapy.
The disulfide bond as a key motif for the construction of multivalent glycoclusters
Authors: Cano María Emilia , Jara Walter Emiliano , Cagnoni Alejandro J. , Brizzio Emmanuel , Strumia Miriam C. , Repetto Evangelina , Uhrig María Laura
Published: August 2022

S-Glycosylated dendrons having a thioacetate group in their focal points led to multivalent glycoclusters by spontaneous O2-oxidation of sulfides.
A smartphone-based device for simultaneous measurement of ratiometric fluorescence and absorbance demonstrated by the determination of hypochlorous acid
Authors: Dou Jianzhi , Shen Qirui , Yang Yan , Song Haiyan , Shen Dazhong
Published: August 2022

Ratiometric fluorescence and absorbance are measured simultaneously by a smartphone-based device according to the corrected brightness ratio in a picture.
Modification of the surface of Mn0.25Cd0.75S polyhedra with NiB: reducing the surface work function and promoting electron migration for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Qin Yuan-Yuan , Wang Shi-Yu , Wang Yu-Meng , Li Feng-Yan , Xu Lin
Published: August 2022

NiB is compounded on the surface of Mn0.25Cd0.75S to bring them into close contact. The photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 10% NiB/Mn0.25Cd0.75S is 13.06 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 3.7 times higher than that of pure Mn0.25Cd0.75S.
Insight into the potential application of CuOx/CeO2 catalysts for NO removal by CO: a perspective from the morphology and crystal-plane of CeO2
Authors: Du Yali , Lu Dong , Liu Jiangning , Li Xiaodong , Wu Chaohui , Wu Xu , An Xia
Published: August 2022

A series of CuOx/CeO2-X were fabricated and employed as the NO + CO reaction catalysts.
Heat-based transdermal delivery of a ramipril loaded cream for treating hypertension
Authors: Voronova Anna , Pagneux Quentin , Decoin Raphael , Woitrain Eloise , Butruille Laura , Barras Alexandre , Foulon Catherine , Lecoeur Marie , Jaramillo Diego , Rumipamba José , Melinte Sorin , Abderrahmani Amar , Montaigne David , Boukherroub Rabah , Szunerits Sabine
Published: August 2022

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors play an important role in the development of anti-hypertension approaches, with ramipril being one of the most widely used ACE inhibitor prodrugs orally administered once or twice a day.
Designing the ultrasonic treatment of nanoparticle-dispersions via machine learning
Authors: Glaubitz Christina , Rothen-Rutishauser Barbara , Lattuada Marco , Balog Sandor , Petri-Fink Alke
Published: August 2022

Ultrasonication is a widely used and standardized method to redisperse nanopowders in liquids and to homogenize nanoparticle dispersions. Here, we use Machine Learning to predict the outcome of ultrsonication experiments on oxide nanoparticles.
Realizing the high energy density and flexibility of a fabric electrode through hierarchical structure design
Authors: Yan Liwei , Wang Jie , Mo Huishan , Wang Hu , Kang Yongshuai , Li Jun , Zhang Peixin , Zhao Chenyang
Published: August 2022

A free-standing hybrid fabric anode with high energy density and superb flexibility and elasticity is prepared through hierarchical structure design.
A short review of graphene in the microbial electrosynthesis of biochemicals from carbon dioxide
Authors: Chen L. F. , Yu H. , Zhang J. , Qin H. Y.
Published: August 2022

Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is a potential energy transformation technology for the reduction of the greenhouse gas carbon oxide (CO2) into commercial chemicals.
Preparation of different morphology Cu/GO nanocomposites and their catalytic performance for thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Authors: Li Shengnan , Niu Ziteng , Jiao Yuke , Jin Peng , Yang Desheng , Bai Chaofei , Liu Jiaran , Li Guoping , Luo Yunjun
Published: August 2022

Cu nanoparticles are more active catalytically than CuO nanoparticles, which have been widely studied as catalysts for organic synthesis, electrochemistry, and optics.
High-sulfur-doped hard carbon for sodium-ion battery anodes with large capacity and high initial coulombic efficiency
Authors: Wan BaoShan , Zhang Haiyan , Tang Shuang , Li Shengkai , Wang Yan , Wen Daofeng , Zhang Minglu , Li Zhenghui
Published: August 2022

As one of the most promising potential anodes for sodium ion batteries, hard carbon suffers from low specific capacity, which seriously hinders its further application.
Molecular dynamics study of the swelling and osmotic properties of compact nanogel particles
Authors: Chremos Alexandros , Douglas Jack F. , Basser Peter J. , Horkay Ferenc
Published: August 2022

Molecular architecture of nanogel particle.
Plasticized liquid crystal networks and chemical motors for the active control of power transmission in mechanical devices
Authors: Pinchin Natalie P. , Lin Chia-Heng , Kinane Cecelia A. , Yamada Naoki , Pena-Francesch Abdon , Shahsavan Hamed
Published: August 2022

Orthogonal actuation for power and control in untethered small-scale machines is achieved with self-powered protein chemical motors and plasticized liquid crystal networks.
An efficient cooling solution with 3D interconnected graphene architectures for passive heat dissipation
Authors: Weng Yangziwan , Wu Sicheng , Wang Linbin , Zhao Weiyun , Jiang Yi , Deng Yuan
Published: August 2022

A 3D hybridized reduced graphene oxide membrane (AR-rGO) was fabricated using a convenient electrochemical deposition method, which possesses a highly efficient passive heat dissipation capability.
Rational molecular design of phenanthroimidazole-based fluorescent materials towards high-efficiency non-doped deep blue OLEDs
Authors: Du Chunya , Lu Tong , Cheng Zhuang , Chang Yulei , Liu Hui , Wang Jun , Wan Liang , Lv Ying , Lu Ping
Published: August 2022

The non-doped device of novel deep-blue emission material PPI-3-SBF with weak intramolecular charge transfer characteristics achieves a maximum EQE of 8.41% with CIEy= 0.07.
Catalytic Dienylation: An Emergent Strategy for the Stereoselective Construction of Conjugated Dienes and Polyenes
Authors: Ahmed Jasimuddin , Haug Graham C. , Nguyen Viet D. , Porey Arka , Trevino Ramon , Larionov Oleg V.
Published: August 2022

Stereoselective construction of conjugated dienes and polyenes has remained an enduring synthetic problem owing to the central roles these compounds play in natural product synthesis, methodology, and medicine. This review focuses on recent developments in dienylation as an emerging strategy for the direct installation of unsaturated four-carbon units of conjugated π-systems, outlining the regio- and stereoselectivity, as well as the synthetic scope of reactions with various dienylating reagents and the mechanistic implications of the catalytic cross-coupling processes that are used to enable dienylation.

1 Introduction

2 Sulfolenes

3 1,3-Dienes

4 Small-Ring Dienylation Reagents

5 Pyrones, Alkynes, and Homoallenylboronates

6 Conclusion and Outlook
High frequency properties of a planar ion trap fabricated on a chip
Authors: Uribe A. J. , Cridland Mathad A. , Lacy J. H. , Pinder J. , Willetts R. , Verdú J.
Published: August 2022

We report on the measurement of the high frequency properties of a planar Penning ion trap fabricated on a chip. Two types of chips have been measured: the first manufactured by photolithographic metal deposition on a p-doped silicon substrate and the second made with printed circuit board technology on an alumina substrate. The input capacitances and the admittances between the different trap’s electrodes play a critical role in the electronic detection of the trapped particles. The measured input capacitances of the photolithographic chip amount to 65−76 pF, while the values for the printed circuit board chips are in the range of 3−5 pF. The latter are small enough for detecting non-destructively a single trapped electron or ion with a specifically tuned LC resonator. We have also measured a mutual capacitance of ∼85 fF between two of the trap’s electrodes in the printed circuit board chip. This enables the detection of single, or very few, trapped particles in a broader range of charge-to-mass ratios with a simple resistor on the chip. We provide analytic calculations of the capacitances and discuss their origin and possible further reduction.
The liquidus temperature curve of aqueous methanol mixtures: A numerical simulation study
Authors: Martínez-Jiménez M. , Benavides A. L.
Published: August 2022

The liquidus temperature curve that characterizes the boundary between the liquid methanol/water mixture and its coexistence with ice Ih is determined using the direct-coexistence method. Several methanol concentrations and pressures of 0.1, 50, and 100 MPa are considered. In this study, we used the TIP4P/Ice model for water and two different models for methanol: OPLS and OPLS/2016, using the geometric rule for the Lennard-Jones cross interactions. We compared our simulation results with available experimental data and found that this combination of models reproduces the liquidus curve for methanol mole fractions reasonably well, up to xm = 0.3 at p = 0.1 MPa. The freezing point depression of these mixtures is calculated and compared to experimental results. We also analyzed the effect of pressure on the liquidus curve and found that both models also reproduce the experimental decrease of the liquidus temperatures as the pressure increases qualitatively well.
Study on flexible surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma film for in situ inactivation of bacteria and viruses
Authors: Guo Yuntao , Fang Mengqi , Zhang Liyang , Sun Jingjun , Wang Xinxin , Tie Jinfeng , Zhou Qun , Zhang Linqi , Luo Haiyun
Published: August 2022

COVID-19 is still pandemic in the world although it has lasted for more than two years, in situ real-time disinfection of curved surfaces in public places is extremely urgent. A flexible plasma film based on surface dielectric barrier discharge is proposed in this study. In situ disinfection effect and the influence of curvature on the performance are studied. The results showed that the film could in situ inactivate a variety of pathogens. Specifically, 10 min plasma treatment results in a log reduction of 3.10, 3.42, and 3.03 for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and vesicular stomatitis virus, respectively. The discharge power and disinfection effect of the film are independent of the curvature, which proves that it can be used for in situ disinfection of curved surfaces. It is speculated that the combined effects of a strong electric field and radical etching physical damage as well as the chemical damage of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to the protein are the main reasons for the inactivation of pathogens. The inhibition of the film to Omicron type SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus is 99.3%, and the killing rate to natural bacteria is 94.3%. The film can run for at least 10 h without significant reduction in disinfection effect. In addition, large-scale and digitalization increase the practical potential of a disinfection film. In conclusion, this film is expected to realize in situ real-time disinfection of curved surfaces such as the buttons of the elevator or instrument and door handles, which is of great significance in blocking the spread of COVID-19.
Optical readout of singlet fission biexcitons in a heteroacene with photoluminescence detected magnetic resonance
Authors: Joshi Gajadhar , Dill Ryan D. , Thorley Karl J. , Anthony John E. , Reid Obadiah G. , Johnson Justin C.
Published: August 2022

Molecular spin systems based on photoexcited triplet pairs formed via singlet fission (SF) are attractive as carriers of quantum information because of their potentially pure and controllable spin polarization, but developing systems that offer optical routes to readout as well as initialization is challenging. Herein, we characterize the electron spin magnetic resonance change in the photoluminescence intensity for a tailored organic molecular crystal while sweeping a microwave drive up to 10 GHz in a broadband loop structure. We observe resonant transitions for both triplet and quintet spin sublevel populations showing their optical sensitivity and revealing the zero-field parameters for each. We map the evolution of these spectra in both microwave frequency and magnetic field, producing a pattern of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) peaks. Fits to these data using a suitable model suggest significant spin polarization in this system with orientation selectivity. Unusual excitation intensity dependence is also observed, which inverts the sign of the ODMR signal for the triplet features, but not for the quintet. These observations demonstrate optical detection of the spin sublevel population dictated by SF and intermolecular geometry, and highlight anisotropic and multi-scale dynamics of triplet pairs.
Vectorial sculpturing of spatiotemporal wavepackets
Authors: Cao Qian , Zheng Pengkun , Zhan Qiwen
Published: August 2022

Spatiotemporal vectorial pulse shaping can produce ultrafast optical pulses that enable unprecedented coherent control for light–matter interactions. A traditional pulse shaper produces ultrafast pulses with scalar programmable waveforms for various quantum control applications. However, quantum systems are three dimensional in nature; thus, the interactions are inevitability vectorial. Existing polarization pulse shaping techniques, which are often difficult to align and cumbersome to handle, can only produce dynamic polarization modulation in the temporal domain. Through simply introducing a quarter-wave plate in a pulse shaper using a two-dimensional spatial light modulator, we show that wavepackets with much more sophisticated spatiotemporal vectorial structures such as spatiotemporal spin grating, spatiotemporal spin lattice, and spatiotemporally twisting polarization can be generated, significantly expanding our ability in coherently controlling light–matter interactions that may find broad applications.
Effect of litter system and nest box type on egg production and performance of Ross 308 broiler breeders
Authors: Wegner Marcin , Kokoszynski Dariusz , Biegniewska Milena
Published: August 2022

Context Type of litter housing system is one of the most important factors affecting egg production and performance of broiler breeders. Aims The study aim was to determine the effect of litter and nest box type on selected production and performance traits of Ross 308 broiler breeders. Methods The study subjects consisted of male and female Ross 308 broiler breeders raised on a commercial poultry farm. In four poultry houses, birds were raised on a slat-litter floor, with a colony nest box type. In four other poultry houses, birds were raised on a litter floor with an open nest box type. Body weight (23 weeks and 57 weeks), feed intake and percent mortality (23–57 weeks), length of laying period, number of eggs, laying percentage and egg weight were determined or calculated and compared between housing systems. Key results Birds reared on a slat-litter floor with colony nest boxes had significantly lower (roosters) or higher (hens) body weight at 23 and 57 weeks of age compared to birds kept on a litter floor with open nest boxes. Both sexes housed on a slat-litter floor were characterised by significantly higher feed intake, significantly lower mortality during the reproductive period (23–57 weeks), and significantly lower egg weight compared to birds raised in the litter floor system. Litter and nest box type had no significant effect on length of laying period, number of eggs, laying percentage, and percent hatchability from set eggs. Conclusions Ross 308 broiler breeders kept on a litter floor with open nest boxes had some better performance parameters, but poorer liveability compared to birds kept on a litter floor and slats with colony nest boxes. The higher body weight of females kept on a slat-litter floor at the end of the reproductive period (57 weeks) compared to the same-age females kept on a litter floor is likely due to higher carcass fatness, which had an adverse effect on the number and weight of hatching eggs. Implications The results of this study may be useful for broiler breeder producers in their decisions about the litter system of these birds.
Intestinal tissue-resident T cell activation depends on metabolite availability
Authors: Konjar Špela , Ferreira Cristina , Carvalho Filipa Sofia , Figueiredo-Campos Patrícia , Fanczal Júlia , Ribeiro Sofia , Morais Vanessa Alexandra , Veldhoen Marc
Published: August 2022

The metabolic capacity of many cells is tightly regulated and can adapt to changes in metabolic resources according to environmental changes. Tissue-resident memory (T
RM
) CD8
+
T cells are one of the most abundant T cell populations and offer rapid protection against invading pathogens, especially at the epithelia. T
RM
cells metabolically adapt to their tissue niche, such as the intestinal epithelial barrier. In the small intestine, the types of T
RM
cells are intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), which contain high levels of cytotoxic molecules and express activation markers, suggesting a heightened state of activation. We hypothesize that the tissue environment may determine IEL activity. We show that IEL activation, in line with its semiactive status, is metabolically faster than circulating CD8
+
T cells. IEL glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are interdependently regulated and are dependent on rapid access to metabolites from the environment. IELs are restrained by local availability of metabolites, but, especially, glucose levels determine their activity. Importantly, this enables functional control of intestinal T
RM
cells by metabolic means within the fragile environment of the intestinal epithelial barrier.
Cascade degradation and upcycling of polystyrene waste to high-value chemicals
Authors: Xu Zhen , Pan Fuping , Sun Mengqi , Xu Jianjun , Munyaneza Nuwayo Eric , Croft Zacary L. , Cai Gangshu (George) , Liu Guoliang
Published: August 2022

Plastic waste represents one of the most urgent environmental challenges facing humankind. Upcycling has been proposed to solve the low profitability and high market sensitivity of known recycling methods. Existing upcycling methods operate under energy-intense conditions and use precious-metal catalysts, but produce low-value oligomers, monomers, and common aromatics. Herein, we report a tandem degradation-upcycling strategy to exploit high-value chemicals from polystyrene (PS) waste with high selectivity. We first degrade PS waste to aromatics using ultraviolet (UV) light and then valorize the intermediate to diphenylmethane. Low-cost AlCl
3
catalyzes both the reactions of degradation and upcycling at ambient temperatures under atmospheric pressure. The degraded intermediates can advantageously serve as solvents for processing the solid plastic wastes, forming a self-sustainable circuitry. The low-value-input and high-value-output approach is thus substantially more sustainable and economically viable than conventional thermal processes, which operate at high-temperature, high-pressure conditions and use precious-metal catalysts, but produce low-value oligomers, monomers, and common aromatics. The cascade strategy is resilient to impurities from plastic waste streams and is generalizable to other high-value chemicals (e.g., benzophenone, 1,2-diphenylethane, and 4-phenyl-4-oxo butyric acid). The upcycling to diphenylmethane was tested at 1-kg laboratory scale and attested by industrial-scale techno-economic analysis, demonstrating sustainability and economic viability without government subsidies or tax credits.
Americans discount the effect of friction on voter turnout
Authors: Mazar Asaf , Tomaino Geoff , Carmon Ziv , Wood Wendy
Published: August 2022

Whether or not someone turns out to vote depends on their beliefs (such as partisanship or sense of civic duty) and onfriction—external barriers such as long travel distance to the polls. In this exploratory study, we tested whether people underestimate the effect of friction on turnout and overestimate the effect of beliefs. We surveyed a representative sample of eligible US voters before and after the 2020 election (n= 1,280). Participants’ perceptions consistently underemphasized friction and overemphasized beliefs (meand= 0.94). In participants’ open-text explanations, 91% of participants listed beliefs, compared with just 12% that listed friction. In contrast, turnout was shaped by beliefs only slightly more than friction. The actual belief-friction difference was about one-fourth the size of participants’ perceptions (d = 0.24). This bias emerged across a range of survey measures (open- and close-ended; other- and self-judgments) and was implicated in downstream consequences such as support for friction-imposing policies and failing to plan one’s vote.