bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Kinect and Leap Motion for Intraoperative Image Interaction
Authors: Feng Yuanyuan , Uchidiuno Uchenna A. , Zahiri Hamid R. , George Ivan , Park Adrian E. , Mentis Helena
Published: August 2020

Background. Touchless interaction devices have increasingly garnered attention for intraoperative imaging interaction, but there are limited recommendations on which touchless interaction mechanisms should be implemented in the operating room. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency, accuracy, and satisfaction of 2 current touchless interaction mechanisms—hand motion and body motion for intraoperative image interaction. Methods. We used the TedCas plugin for ClearCanvas DICOM viewer to display and manipulate CT images. Ten surgeons performed 5 image interaction tasks—step-through, pan, zoom, circle measure, and line measure—on the 3 input interaction devices—the Microsoft Kinect, the Leap Motion, and a mouse. Results. The Kinect shared similar accuracy with the Leap Motion for most of the tasks. But it had an increased error rate in the step-through task. The Leap Motion led to shorter task completion time than the Kinect and was preferred by the surgeons, especially for the measure tasks. Discussion. Our study suggests that hand tracking devices, such as the Leap Motion, should be used for intraoperative imagining manipulation tasks that require high precision.
Study of Semen Quality, Reproductive Hormone Levels, and Lipid Levels in Men From Arkhangelsk, a City in North of European Russia
Authors: Osadchuk Ludmila , Tipisova Elena , Kleshchev Maxim , Gorenko Irina , Osadchuk Alexander
Published: August 2020

Male populations in the European North of Russia have not previously been investigated for semen quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate semen parameters, reproductive hormone levels, and lipid levels in volunteers from the general urban population of the European North of Russia, to compare the data published for men from the neighboring Northern or Eastern European countries, and to evaluate associations between sperm quality and serum hormonal and lipid levels. Ninety-nine volunteers aged 23–63 years residing in the city of Archangelsk were enrolled in the study. All men had blood samples drawn and completed a questionnaire concerning their health status and lifestyle; 90 men delivered semen samples. The medians for semen volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility, and normal morphology were 3.0 ml, 42.12 million/ml, 43.8%, and 6.5%, respectively. Sperm parameters below normal threshold values were found in 38.9% of participants. It seems that the sperm quality in our study group was slightly worse than in men from Finland, Norway, Sweden, or Estonia, but very similar to that in men from Denmark or Poland. The significant negative correlations of luteinizing hormone levels and positive correlations of inhibin B levels with sperm concentration and progressive motility were revealed. Higher levels of luteinizing hormone and lower levels of inhibin B were found in participants with impaired compared to normal sperm quality. No reliable links were found between serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and semen parameters.
Novel RET agonist for the treatment of experimental neuropathies
Authors: Viisanen Hanna , Nuotio Ulpukka , Kambur Oleg , Mahato Arun Kumar , Jokinen Viljami , Lilius Tuomas , Li Wei , Santos Hélder A , Karelson Mati , Rauhala Pekka , Kalso Eija , Sidorova Yulia A
Published: August 2020

The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligands (GFLs) alleviate symptoms of experimental neuropathy, protect and stimulate regeneration of sensory neurons in animal models of neuropathic pain, and restore their functional activity. However, clinical development of GFL proteins is complicated by their poor pharmacokinetic properties and multiple effects mediated by several receptors. Previously, we have identified a small molecule that selectively activates the major signal transduction unit of the GFL receptor complex, receptor tyrosine kinase RET, as an alternative to GFLs, for the treatment of neuropathic pain. We then introduced a series of chemical changes to improve the biological activity of these compounds and tested an optimized compound named BT44 in a panel of biological assays. BT44 efficiently and selectively stimulated the GFL receptor RET and activated the intracellular mitogene-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in immortalized cells. In cultured sensory neurons, BT44 stimulated neurite outgrowth with an efficacy comparable to that of GFLs. BT44 alleviated mechanical hypersensitivity in surgery- and diabetes-induced rat models of neuropathic pain. In addition, BT44 normalized, to a certain degree, the expression of nociception-related neuronal markers which were altered by spinal nerve ligation, the neuropathy model used in this study. Our results suggest that the GFL mimetic BT44 is a promising new lead for the development of novel disease-modifying agents for the treatment of neuropathy and neuropathic pain.
Comparison of characteristics in Mexican women with breast cancer according to healthcare coverage
Authors: Martinez-Cannon Bertha Alejandra , Zertuche-Maldonado Tania , de la Rosa Pacheco Sylvia , Cardona-Huerta Servando , Canavati-Marcos Mauricio , Gomez-Macias Gabriela Sofía , Villarreal-Garza Cynthia
Published: August 2020

Objective:

To compare the sociodemographic, diagnostic, clinical, and treatment-related characteristics and outcomes of patients with breast cancer in two hospitals in Mexico according to type of healthcare coverage.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study of women with breast cancer according to public or private healthcare coverage in two hospitals was done. Patients were treated by the same group of physicians and healthcare infrastructure. Groups were compared using the chi-square test for categorical variables, Mann–Whitney U-test and Student’s t-test for quantitative variables, and Kaplan–Meier estimator and log-rank test for time dependent outcomes (including recurrence-free and overall survival). A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 282 women were included. Mean age at diagnosis was 52 years. Women with public healthcare coverage were diagnosed more frequently with self-detected tumors (82.8% vs 47.9%, p < 0.001) and advanced clinical stage (III and IV) (31.1% vs 17.8%, p = 0.014). More women with public healthcare insurance underwent initial systemic treatment (41.1% vs 17.8%, p < 0.001) and mastectomy (70.1% vs 54.9%, p = 0.020), and received more chemotherapy (79.4% vs 43.8%, p < 0.001) and adjuvant radiotherapy (68.9% vs 53.4%, p = 0.017). Overall, no differences were found in survival outcomes according to healthcare coverage. Trends suggesting worse recurrence-free and overall survival were observed in patients with public coverage at 3 years follow-up in stage III (85.7% vs 67.3% and 100% vs 84.6%, respectively) and triple negative disease (83.3% vs 74.5% and 100% vs 74.1%, respectively).

Conclusion:

Strategies to promote preventive medicine, diagnostic mammograms, and prompt diagnosis of breast cancer in Mexican women with public health coverage are needed. Access to the main treatment modalities by Seguro Popular and good quality care by an experienced group of physicians likely explains the similar outcomes between patients with private and public healthcare coverage. However, trends suggesting worse survival for patients with public medical coverage with stage III and triple-negative disease should encourage close follow-up.
Is the Political Slant of Psychology Research Related to Scientific Replicability?
Authors: Reinero Diego A. , Wills Julian A. , Brady William J. , Mende-Siedlecki Peter , Crawford Jarret T. , Van Bavel Jay J.
Published: August 2020

Social science researchers are predominantly liberal, and critics have argued this representation may reduce the robustness of research by embedding liberal values into the research process. In an adversarial collaboration, we examined whether the political slant of research findings in psychology is associated with lower rates of scientific replicability. We analyzed 194 original psychology articles reporting studies that had been subject to a later replication attempt ( N = 1,331,413 participants across replications) by having psychology doctoral students (Study 1) and an online sample of U.S. residents (Study 2) from across the political spectrum code the political slant (liberal vs. conservative) of the original research abstracts. The methods and analyses were preregistered. In both studies, the liberal or conservative slant of the original research was not associated with whether the results were successfully replicated. The results remained consistent regardless of the ideology of the coder. Political slant was unrelated to both subsequent citation patterns and the original study’s effect size and not consistently related to the original study’s sample size. However, we found modest evidence that research with greater political slant—whether liberal or conservative—was less replicable, whereas statistical robustness consistently predicted replication success. We discuss the implications for social science, politics, and replicability.
A Call for Greater Attention to Culture in the Study of Brain and Development
Authors: Qu Yang , Jorgensen Nathan A. , Telzer Eva H.
Published: August 2020

Despite growing research on neurobiological development, little attention has been paid to cultural and ethnic variation in neurodevelopmental processes. We present an overview of the current state of developmental cognitive neuroscience with respect to its attention to cultural issues. Analyses based on 80 publications represented in five recent meta-analyses related to adolescent developmental neuroscience show that 99% of the publications used samples in Western countries. Only 22% of studies provided a detailed description of participants’ racial/ethnic background, and only 18% provided for socioeconomic status. Results reveal a trend in developmental cognitive neuroscience research: The body of research is derived not only mostly from Western samples but also from participants whose race/ethnicity is unknown. To achieve a holistic perspective on brain development in different cultural contexts, we propose and highlight an emerging interdisciplinary approach—developmental cultural neuroscience—the intersection of developmental psychology, cultural psychology, and cognitive neuroscience. Developmental cultural neuroscience aims to elucidate cultural similarities and differences in neural processing across the life span. We call attention to the importance of incorporating culture into the empirical investigation of neurodevelopment.
Epstein-Barr virus infection in ulcerative colitis: a clinicopathologic study from a Chinese area
Authors: Xu Shu , Chen Haiyang , Zu Xiaoman , Hao Xiuxue , Feng Rui , Zhang Shenghong , Chen Baili , Zeng Zhirong , Chen Minhu , Ye Ziyin , He Yao
Published: August 2020

Background:

Opportunistic Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) has attracted increasing attention. This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes of UC with intestinal EBV infection and to explore the predictive value of blood EBV DNA for the presence of EBV in the intestine.

Methods:

Both peripheral blood and intestinal biopsies from 92 consecutive UC inpatients were included in this study. Normal colonic mucosal tissues from 20 colon cancer patients were used as controls. EBV testing and assessment were performed by EBV-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), EBV-encoded small RNA in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH) and immunohistochemistry.

Results:

A total of 36 patients (39.1%) had UC with superimposed EBV colitis [EBER greater than 2/high-power field (HPF)]. EBER counts and disease activity were significantly correlated ( p < 0.05). The major endoscopic findings revealed more irregular and longitudinal ulcers in patients with superimposed EBV colitis ( p = 0.016, p = 0.021, respectively). Age, steroid dependence, and irregular ulcerations were identified as possible risk factors. The best EBER cut-off point for outcome prediction was 2.5/HPF. At a cut-off value of 2035 copies/ml, the sensitivity and specificity of the blood EBV-DNA PCR analysis for predicting EBV presence in the intestine were 76.5% and 68.5%, respectively. EBV-infected cells in UC with high EBV concentrations mainly included B lymphocytes by clinicopathology, and the infection might have progressed from the latent to the lytic phase of the EBV life cycle.

Conclusion:

The EBER count is positively correlated with disease activity. The best cut-off point for outcome prediction is 2.5/HPF. A high EBV viremia load may effectively predict EBV presence in the colonic mucosa.
Sarcopenia is associated with higher toxicity and poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Hua Xin , Liao Jun-Fang , Huang Xin , Huang Han-Ying , Wen Wen , Long Zhi-Qing , Guo Ling , Yuan Zhong-Yu , Lin Huan-Xin
Published: August 2020

Background:

Given the growing evidence that sarcopenia is associated with toxicity and survival in various cancers, we investigated its significance in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).

Methods:

In this retrospective analysis, we studied 862 NPC patients who had received CCRT between 2010 and 2014. Sarcopenia was determined using routine pre-radiotherapy computed tomography (CT) simulation scans at the third cervical vertebral level. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses were used to determine the optimal cutoff values. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to develop comparable cohorts of patients with or without sarcopenia.

Results:

A total of 862 patients were included as the primary cohort, and 308 patients were matched and regarded as the matched cohort. In the primary cohort, the 5-year overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates for the sarcopenia group versus non-sarcopenia group were 78.2% versus 93.6% ( p < 0.001), 89.4% versus 87.9% ( p = 0.918), and 82.5% versus 89.0% ( p = 0.007), respectively. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses revealed that sarcopenia was an independent predictor of OS ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.001) and DMFS ( p = 0.009, p = 0.034). Patients with sarcopenia experienced significantly higher rates of treatment-related toxicities compared with patients without sarcopenia ( p = 0.032). In addition, patients with sarcopenia also experienced significantly worse treatment response than those without sarcopenia ( p = 0.004). Similar results were found in a PSM cohort.

Conclusion:

The current findings support that sarcopenia is a promising indicator for predicting clinical outcomes in NPC patients receiving CCRT. A simple and rapid analysis on CT simulation images can provide information about the therapeutic toxicity and survival prognosis, consequently guiding personalized multi-modality interventions during CCRT.
The regulation of zero-price markets by the competition authorities in the USA and the EU
Authors: Jarman Stephen , Örsal Deniz D. Karaman
Published: August 2020

The modern economy is flooded with products that have no monetary price. However, it is becoming something of an established fact that many zero-price products are not ‘free’ but rather incur costs for consumers in other ways. Many governments intervene in markets when consumers are not being given a fair price for their products. If the costs to consumers for some products are not monetary however, how can governments evaluate whether the costs that consumers are incurring are too high? We seek to answer this question by assessing the approaches of the US and the EU to zero-price markets as informed by their legal and ideological traditions. We offer potential policy solutions while outlining the difficulties that accompany government intervention in zero-price markets and the obstacles when it comes to measuring non-monetary forms of consumer cost.
HPLC-DAD/TOF-MS Chemical Compounds Analysis and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Aristolochia longa Root Extracts
Authors: El Omari Nasreddine , Akkaoui Sanae , El Blidi Omar , Ghchime Rokia , Bouyahya Abdelhakim , Kharbach Mourad , Yagoubi Maâmar , Balahbib Abdelaali , Chokairi Omar , Barkiyou Malika
Published: August 2020

The present study aimed to determine the phenolic compounds of Aristolochia longa root extracts and to evaluate their antibacterial activities on multiresistant strains. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The HPLC-DAD analysis of A. longa extracts showed the presence of several major bioactive compounds such as ferulic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, citric acid, and quinic acid. The agar diffusion method was used for the sensitivity test, while minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration values were determined by microdilution assay. Different tests were carried out on 3 clinical multiresistant strains and 3 reference strains. The diameter of inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 induced by the ethyl acetate fraction at 200 mg/mL was 25 ± 1 mm. Moreover, Escherichia coli ATCC 29522 showed a great sensitivity toward all the concentrations tested. The MICs of the active extracts vary between 12.5 and 100 mg/mL with a bacteriostatic effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Enterococcus faecalis, and S. aureus ATCC 25923.
Schisantherin A Inhibits Pulmonary Fibrosis via Regulating ERK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhuang Wenyue , Zhao Na , Li Di , Su Xiaoming , Wang Yueyang , Chen Jianguang , Li Zhengyi
Published: August 2020

There is no effective method for treating pulmonary fibrosis (PF) until now. This study investigated the anti-fibrotic effect of schisantherin A (SCA) extracted from Schisandra chinensis and its potential molecular mechanism in PF. A bleomycin-induced PF mouse model in vivo and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced A549 epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) cell model in vitro were used for assessing the anti-fibrotic effect of SCA. Histopathological examination was conducted after hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining. The level of TGF-β1 was tested by ELISA. The expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin, E-cadherin, and inflammatory cytokines (COX2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was tested in lung tissues and cells by Western blot. The in vivo experiments revealed that SCA treatment markedly improved body weight and pulmonary index and reformed the destruction of the lung tissue structure. We observed that SCA inhibited the process of TGF-β1-induced EMT in the in vitro experiments. Inflammatory cytokines were reduced greatly in lung tissues and cells by SCA. Our study also indicated that SCA decreased phosphorylated ERK. It was concluded that SCA can attenuate PF by regulating the ERK signaling pathway, which suggests that SCA may be used as a potential therapeutic drug for PF.
Speech Pathology Services Are Integral, but Underutilized in Tracheostomy Rehabilitation
Authors: Davis Stephanie , Weyh Ashleigh M. , Salman Salam O. , Madbak Firas , Fraker John T.
Published: August 2020

Study Design:

Retrospective case series.

Objective:

Speech language pathology (SLP) is an underutilized but important component in rehabilitation after tracheostomy. The purpose of this study was to determine rates of SLP utilization and to streamline tracheostomy decannulation to be more efficient and safer through increased utilization of SLP.

Methods:

Adult patients who underwent tracheostomy from April 2016 to December 2018 were evaluated. The primary outcome was completion of any SLP evaluation after tracheostomy, and secondary outcomes were duration from surgery to evaluation, speaking valve and swallow study utilization, downsize and decannulation rates, mean duration of cannulation, and complications.

Results:

A total of 255 subjects were included, where 197 (77.3%) underwent SLP evaluation. A minority received a speaking valve (33.7%), while approximately half underwent a swallow study (52.9%). There was a delay in SLP evaluation, with mean duration from surgery to SLP evaluation of 5.9 ± 8.0 days. There was consistent improvement in downsize and decannulation rates in all cohorts that utilized SLP services. Tracheostomy indication of head and neck cancer, trauma, completing a successful swallow study conferred increased odds of eventual decannulation, while obesity and tracheostomy history conferred lower odds. An interdisciplinary decannulation pathway was created, based on literature review and results, to assist in decision-making while progressing toward decannulation.

Conclusion:

Speech language pathologists are underutilized for rehabilitation of tracheostomy patients, where they are able to offer many skills to diagnose, treat, manage, and troubleshoot, as patients advance through the decannulation process.
The Natural Hair Bias in Job Recruitment
Authors: Koval Christy Zhou , Rosette Ashleigh Shelby
Published: August 2020

Across four studies, we demonstrate a bias against Black women with natural hairstyles in job recruitment. In Study 1, participants evaluated profiles of Black and White female job applicants across a variety of hairstyles. We found that Black women with natural hairstyles were perceived to be less professional, less competent, and less likely to be recommended for a job interview than Black women with straightened hairstyles and White women with either curly or straight hairstyles. We replicated these findings in a controlled experiment in Study 2. In Study 3A and 3B, we found Black women with natural hairstyles received more negative evaluations when they applied for a job in an industry with strong dress norms. Taken together, this article advances the research on biases in the labor market in the age of social media use and highlights the importance of taking an intersectional approach when studying inequity in the workplace.
The Role of Family in the Intergenerational Transmission of Collective Action
Authors: González Roberto , Alvarez Belén , Manzi Jorge , Varela Micaela , Frigolett Cristián , Livingstone Andrew G. , Louis Winnifred , Carvacho Héctor , Castro Diego , Cheyre Manuel , Cornejo Marcela , Jiménez-Moya Gloria , Rocha Carolina , Valdenegro Daniel
Published: August 2020

The present research demonstrates intergenerational influences on collective action participation, whereby parents’ past and current participation in collective action (descriptive family norms) shape their children’s participation in conventional and radical collective action via injunctive family norms (perception that parents value such participation). Two unique data sets were used: dyads of activist parents and their adult children (Study 1, N = 100 dyads) and student activists who participated in a yearlong, three-wave longitudinal study (Study 2, Ns wave 1 = 1,221, Wave 2 = 960, and Wave 3 = 917). Parents’ past and current participation directly and indirectly predicted children’s protest participation in Study 1, while Study 2 showed a similar pattern longitudinally: Perceptions of parents’ participation (descriptive family norm) and approval (injunctive family norm) predicted change in collective action participation over time. Together, results highlight family environment as a critical setting for the intergenerational transmission of protest.
Age-specific incidence rates of breast cancer among Japanese women increasing in a conspicuous bimodal distribution pattern
Authors: Tokutake Nanami , Ushiyama Riona , Matsubayashi Kyoka , Aoki Yuji
Published: August 2020

Breast cancer incidence rates are increasing in East and Southeast Asia, along with the westernisation of reproductive and lifestyle patterns. Such westernisation is thought to be involved in the cumulative exposure of breast tissue to both endogenous and exogenous oestrogen. Immigrant studies among Asian American women indicate that risk factors for breast cancer can be modified. When breast cancer incidence rates were compared with those of corpus uteri and colon among Japanese women in 2005, 2010 and 2015, it is of note that age-specific incidence rates of breast cancer in 5-year age groups clearly increased during the 10-year period in a bimodal distribution pattern, with two peaks in the 45–49 and 60–64 years age groups. From the relevant literature, it is inferred that the low prevalence of obesity and the intake of soy products or isoflavones among Japanese women may contribute to the bimodal distribution pattern by suppressing the extent of increase in breast cancer incidence rates among Japanese postmenopausal women. With regard to dietary habits relating to obesity, it has been globally reported that the intake of high-calorie foods is associated with the incidence of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in both pre- and postmenopausal women, while high-carbohydrate or -milk intake that can enhance the secretion of insulin or insulin-like growth factor 1 is associated with that of oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer mostly in postmenopausal women. Studies are needed to clarify the aetiology or modifiable factors behind the bimodal incidence rates of breast cancer among Japanese women.
Spectrum of antiviral activity of 4-aminopyrimidine N-oxides against a broad panel of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains
Authors: Dueva Evgenia V , Tuchynskaya Ksenia K , Kozlovskaya Liubov I , Osolodkin Dmitry I , Sedenkova Kseniya N , Averina Elena B , Palyulin Vladimir A , Karganova Galina G
Published: August 2020

Tick-borne encephalitis is an important human arbovirus neuroinfection spread across the Northern Eurasia. Inhibitors of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) strain Absettarov, presumably targeting E protein n-octyl-β-d-glucoside (β-OG) pocket, were reported earlier. In this work, these inhibitors were tested in vitro against seven strains representing three main TBEV subtypes. The most potent compound, 2-[(2-methyl-1-oxido-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-yl)amino]-phenol, showed EC50 values lower than 22 µM against all the tested strains. Nevertheless, EC50 values for virus samples of certain strains demonstrated a substantial variation, which appeared to be consistent with the presence of E protein not only in infectious virions, but also in non-infectious and immature virus particles, protein aggregates, and membrane complexes.
A miniaturized hydrogel-based in vitro model for dynamic culturing of human cells overexpressing beta-amyloid precursor protein
Authors: Tunesi Marta , Izzo Luca , Raimondi Ilaria , Albani Diego , Giordano Carmen
Published: August 2020

Recent findings have highlighted an interconnection between intestinal microbiota and the brain, referred to as microbiota–gut–brain axis, and suggested that alterations in microbiota composition might affect brain functioning, also in Alzheimer’s disease. To investigate microbiota–gut–brain axis biochemical pathways, in this work we developed an innovative device to be used as modular unit in an engineered multi-organ-on-a-chip platform recapitulating in vitro the main players of the microbiota–gut–brain axis, and an innovative three-dimensional model of brain cells based on collagen/hyaluronic acid or collagen/poly(ethylene glycol) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks and β-amyloid precursor protein-Swedish mutant-expressing H4 cells, to simulate the pathological scenario of Alzheimer’s disease. We set up the culturing conditions, assessed cell response, scaled down the three-dimensional models to be hosted in the organ-on-a-chip device, and cultured them both in static and in dynamic conditions. The results suggest that the device and three-dimensional models are exploitable for advanced engineered models representing brain features also in Alzheimer’s disease scenario.
Cubital tunnel syndrome in Noonan syndrome secondary to hypoplasia of the humeral trochlea
Authors: Koike Mana , Tajika Tsuyoshi , Kuboi Takuro , Endo Fumitaka , Chikuda Hirotaka
Published: August 2020

This report describes the case of a 45-year-old woman with Noonan syndrome who developed cubital tunnel syndrome secondary to hypoplasia of the humeral trochlea. Cubital tunnel syndrome, the second-most common peripheral compression neuropathy, is caused by compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. Noonan syndrome, an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder, is characterized by variable cognitive deficit and skeletal, ectodermal and hematologic anomalies. Results show three distinctive anatomical features such as (1) hypoplasia of the humeral trochlea and medial epicondyle, (2) absence of the medial intermuscular septum and (3) lack of Osborn’s ligament.
Staged arthroscopic procedure for treating simultaneous shoulder and elbow synovial chondromatosis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Xu Caiqi , Yang Xingguang
Published: August 2020

It is extremely rare for ipsilateral shoulder and elbow synovial chondromatosis to occur simultaneously. We report a very rare case of simultaneous shoulder and elbow synovial chondromatosis in a 53-year-old woman who was treated through staged surgeries. Shoulder arthroscopic synovectomy, debridement, biceps tenodesis, and subacromial decompression were conducted first, followed by elbow arthroscopy 2 months later. Post surgery, there was no recurrence either clinically or radiologically at 2 years follow-up. Despite some loss of the range of motion of the shoulder and muscle strength, the elbow functions recovered fully, and the patient was extremely satisfied with the clinical outcome. We recommend a staged arthroscopic procedure consisting of a thorough synovectomy and joint debridement for this condition.
“That . . . the Father of glory, may give you a spirit of wisdom”: Δωη in Ephesians 1.17 and 2 Timothy 2.25
Authors: Harmai Gábor
Published: August 2020

The spelling of δώῃ in NA28 in Eph 1.17 and 2 Tim 2.25 is wrong. The correct form is δῴη, as in Westcott and Hort (WH), and a number of other old editions. An additional difficulty is that the NA apparatus does not illuminate the problem for the reader as the WH editions do. The problem is not serious in the translation of 2 Tim 2.25, where the real problem is the translation of μήποτε. In any case, if the verb is an optative, expressing a wish, we can understand better the irony of the author. Translations of Eph 1.17 that read δωη as subjunctive (expressing possibility) rather than optative are erroneous: The verb is in fact optative, as earlier translations correctly reflect.
On Translating the Impersonal First-Person Plural
Authors: Wilde Christopher P.
Published: August 2020

This paper draws attention to the translation of a subset of impersonal constructions that has been called the reference impersonal. A Bible translator will encounter reference impersonals in the source text. In translation the target language may also require the use of impersonal constructions even when they are not present in the source text. The paper focuses on the reference impersonal first-person plural (1pl) in Magar Kham, a language spoken in mid-western Nepal, which tends to use the 1pl for a generic or referentially unspecified group of people. This impersonal 1pl often occurs in conjunction with the phrase mĩ-rə “man-pl.” Generally, the impersonal 1pl implies that the speaker identifies with the referent(s). The paper also demonstrates that though the reference impersonal 1pl and the personal 1pl both use the same pronoun and morphology per se, due to pragmatic constraints only the personal counterpart can occur in the singular.
Translating Kōl: When “All” Does Not Mean “All”
Authors: Schmidt Peter
Published: August 2020

Hebrew kōl means “every,” “the whole,” “all.” However, a literal translation does not always make sense. I investigated cases where kōl does not express totality in the sense of “one hundred percent.” I present a collection of examples that show that kōl can also be used (1) to express variety, (2) as hyperbole, (3) in a way defined by the context, and (4) for stylistic reasons. I argue that kōl sometimes needs to be translated with expressions such as “all kinds of,” “all other,” “in unity,” or in other context-sensitive ways; where it is perceived as redundant or misleading, it may remain untranslated.
Provocative Vocatives in the Gospels: Part 3, John
Authors: Clark David J.
Published: August 2020

This article is the last in a three-part survey of the various vocative forms used in direct discourse in the Gospels, and the similarities and differences among the forms used. Some of the problems associated with finding terms appropriate to each context in English and other languages are raised, and attention is drawn to the complexity of the issues.
Subcutaneous herniation of fetuses after blunt force trauma in a cat
Authors: Collins-Webb Alexandra G , Hanna Ashley L , Mehrkens Lea R , VanderHart Daniel J
Published: August 2020

Case summary

A stray female domestic shorthair cat was presented to the emergency service after being hit by a car. The patient was recumbent and vocalizing, with a small wound over the right lateral thorax, and two palpably firm swellings in the right cervical and thoracic soft tissues. The patient was sedated and humanely euthanized to prevent further pain and suffering. Post-mortem whole-body radiographs and subsequent necropsy revealed abdominal wall rupture with herniation of two near-term fetuses within the subcutaneous tissues along the right ventrolateral thoracic wall and neck. Within the abdomen, the right uterine horn was ruptured and a third extra-luminal fetus was identified. The left uterine horn remained intact, containing a fourth fetus.

Relevance and novel information

Rupture of the abdominal wall or diaphragm are well-known potential complications of blunt force trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents. While traumatic uterine rupture and diaphragmatic herniation of the gravid uterus have both been reported in the veterinary literature, abdominal wall rupture with subcutaneous fetal herniation is highly uncommon.
Introduction: Marginality and Social Media
Authors: Pearce Katy E. , Gonzales Amy , Foucault Welles Brooke
Published: August 2020

This special issue brings together 13 manuscripts and two practitioner responses that speak to the intersection of marginality and social media in a variety of contexts. Readers of Social Media + Society certainly know what social media are, but marginality may be more elusive. We introduce this special issue by noting the historical moment for studying marginality, providing a working definition of that concept, and highlighting how this special issue sustains and extends that conversation within the context of social media.
“You Need At Least One Picture Daily, if Not, You’re Dead”: Content Creators and Platform Evolution in the Social Media Ecology
Authors: Arriagada Arturo , Ibáñez Francisco
Published: August 2020

Despite extensive literature on content creators’ identities, strategies, and activities, there remains a gap in understanding how the constantly changing platform environment impacts their brand subjectivities. Against this backdrop, our article explores how evolutions in platforms—including constant updates to their affordances—shape the activities and interpretive processes of content creators. Drawing on interviews with 35 Chilean content creators in the field of fashion and lifestyle, along with an analysis of their Instagram images ( N = 165) and stories ( N = 150), we show how creators feel compelled to enact different versions of their brand subjectivities. Our findings show how creators experience platform changes based on three interrelated levels: in the form of communicative styles, as a sense of temporal acceleration, and as a constant negotiation with other actors in the social network through which commercial activities are configured. Thus, when platforms tend to make changes to improve their commercial viability, content creators have to adapt their brand subjectivities and practices across platforms and affordances. In addition to shedding light on the new routines and intensified economic pressures demanded of today’s digital workers, we also reveal how the ideal of creation has been supplanted with intensified competition amid constantly changing technological, social, and commercial ecologies.
Untangling Taiwan’s Hybridity With Structural Dysfunctions
Authors: Rauchfleisch Adrian , Chi Jo-yao
Published: August 2020

Taiwan’s exceptionally high Internet penetration and social media adoption rates, combined with the growing centrality of digital tools and networks in shaping national politics, make it an interesting case for Internet researchers. This essay considers Andrew Chadwick’s notion of The Hybrid Media System in the context of recent political events in Taiwan. While Chadwick’s analysis is particularly useful in understanding political anomalies like the Sunflower Movement, we argue for the value of considering more substantial long-standing structural issues in attempts to understanding the political media landscape in Taiwan. Using the examples of online astroturfing during political campaigns and the spread of disinformation during the Kansai airport incident, we point out that long-standing structural factors such as the dysfunctional practices of journalists in newsrooms, the clear political slants of media in accordance with media ownership, and the traditional political power rooted in the society hold enduring sway on how politics is mediated.
Multimodality imaging manifestations of Rosai-Dorfman disease
Authors: Vaidya Tanvi , Mahajan Abhishek , Rane Swapnil
Published: August 2020

Background

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare lympho-histiocytic disorder of indeterminate etiology usually presenting with lymph node involvement, and infrequently with extra-nodal manifestations. The diagnosis of this condition is challenging due to the wide spectrum of disease manifestations.

Purpose

To elucidate the radiologic features of this disease using multimodality imaging in histopathologically proven cases and to identify characteristic features that would enable its differentiation from its mimics.

Material and Methods

We retrospectively evaluated imaging studies of 19 patients with histopathologically confirmed RDD presenting to our institute between January 2004 and March 2016. Imaging modalities included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography, FDG-positron emission tomography (PET) CT, mammography, and ultrasonography.

Results

Lymphadenopathy was the most common imaging feature in our study, seen in 11 (57.8%) cases followed by sino-nasal involvement in 7 (36.8%) cases and intracranial masses in 5 (26.3%) cases. Bilateral homogeneously enhancing cervical lymphadenopathy with avidity on FDG-PET scans was the predominant abnormality on imaging. Sino-nasal involvement manifested as homogeneously enhancing soft-tissue masses occupying the paranasal sinuses. Intracranial disease manifested as sellar/suprasellar masses, dural-based lesions along the cerebral hemispheres and choroid plexus enlargement. Unusual disease manifestations included spinal, osseous, and breast lesions.

Conclusion

Due to the high likelihood of multifocal involvement, the recognition of RDD at one site necessitates screening of other sites for disease. Homogeneously enhancing, FDG-avid lymphadenopathy and sino-nasal masses in association with hypointense extra-nodal lesions on T2-weighted MRI are imaging features which could aid the diagnosis of RDD and facilitate its differentiation from pathologies that present in a similar manner.
A case of abdominal-pelvic infiltrative lesion of chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection
Authors: Xue Tianjiao , Ye Huan , Li Fang , Luo Chengyu , Liu Shumei , Luo Jing , Tan Yanguo
Published: August 2020

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) belongs to a subfamily of herpesviruses, also known as human herpesvirus type 4. EBV is widely distributed in the population, with a high infection rate of 90%. EBV infects mainly B lymphocytes, stimulates cell proliferation and transformation and even causes cancer. In recent years, it has been found that it can also infect T lymphocytes, epithelial cells and natural killer (NK) cells and can cause related diseases. EBV infection can cause a variety of clinical symptoms and clinical manifestations, which brings some confusion to clinical diagnosis and easily leads to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. In this article, we report a case of EBV-induced severe abdominal and pelvic infection, which eventually led to death.
Factors Influencing School Counselors’ Time Spent on Career Planning With High School Students
Authors: Edwin Mary , Dooley Hussman Megan
Published: August 2020

Using a multinomial regression and a nationally representative sample of school counselors, we examined the factors influencing the percentage of time school counselors spend on career planning. Findings indicate that the school locale, school type, percentage of non-White students, and the number of full-time counselors were significant predictors of the percentage of hours spent on career planning with students. We discuss implications for practice, training, and future research.
Preferred Gait Characteristics in Young Adults in Qatar: Physiological, Perceptual, and Spatiotemporal Analysis
Authors: Majed Lina , Hansen Clint , Girard Olivier
Published: August 2020

Preferred walking speed (PWS) is considered a robust measure for assessing mobility and overall health. Healthy reference data are unavailable for Qatar. The aim of this study was to investigate PWS and underlying gait parameters around PWS among healthy young adults living in Qatar. PWS was assessed for 18 Qataris (9 females) and 16 non-Qatari Arabs residing in Qatar (9 females). Within- and between-gender group comparisons were carried out using Mann–Whitney U-tests. Metabolic cost of transport, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and spatiotemporal parameters were compared between Qatari and non-Qatari groups of similar gender at seven speed levels relative to PWS using two-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs). Similar comparisons were done at two absolute speeds using Mann–Whitney U-tests. While PWS did not differ significantly between the female groups, it was on average 19% slower for the Qatari males as compared to non-Qatari males. At similar relative speeds, differences appeared solely in physiological parameters between female groups. Only spatiotemporal differences were revealed between the male groups where longer stride and support phase durations and slower stride frequencies characterized the Qatari male group. It is suggested that differences in PWS could be due to potential cultural factors (e.g., cultural clothing) differentiating the Qatari and non-Qatari groups. PWS values reported in this study also appear systematically lower when compared to Western references found in the literature. Findings suggest that the assessment of normative gait values needs to take both cultural habits and geographic disparity into account.
The Integral Healer: The 4 Pillars of the Healer’s Practice
Authors: Duffy James D
Published: August 2020

The scientific method has provided the 21st allopathic healer with many powerful and effective tools to combat disease. However, the management of technology does not equate with being a healer. The integral healer not only utilizes the power of the scientific method but also balances its application with compassionate intention and wise perspective. This article describes the characteristics of the 4 pillars of becoming an integral healer (competency, compassion, wisdom, and self-cultivation) and describes how each one of these pillars is vital to being a healer.
A Yoga-Based Program Decreases Physician Burnout in Neonatologists and Obstetricians at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Scheid Annette , Dyer Natalie L. , Dusek Jeffery A. , Khalsa Sat Bir S.
Published: August 2020

Background

Nearly half of U.S. pediatricians have symptoms of burnout. This pilot study examined the feasibility of a 6-week yoga-based program (RISE) for neonatologists and obstetricians at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and studied the effects on burnout, professional fulfillment, and psychological health.

Methods

Participants were recruited via email to participate either in both program and research study, or exclusively the program. RISE was delivered 1 hour/week during the workday for 6 consecutive weeks either in-person or remotely; 18 physicians participated, 12 completed post-program, and 11 completed 2-month follow-up. The questionnaires assessed burnout and measures of psychological health, professional fulfillment, work exhaustion, interpersonal disengagement/burnout (PFI), mindfulness (FFMQ), perceived stress (PSS), positive/negative affect (PANAS), resilience (RS), anxiety/depression/sleep disturbances (PROMIS), at baseline, post-program, and 2 months after RISE.

Findings

Average attendance in-person was 2.8 sessions and remotely 1.4 sessions (4.2/6 sessions). Participants demonstrating total burnout reduced from 50.0% at baseline to 9.1% post-program. Participants demonstrating professional fulfillment were 8.3% at baseline and 27.3% post-program. Paired samples t-tests revealed statistically significant improvements in burnout, professional fulfillment, interpersonal disengagement, stress, resilience, anxiety, and depression at post-program compared with baseline ( N = 12, all ps < .05). At 2-month follow-up, statistically significant improvements in interpersonal disengagement, resilience, and mindfulness ( N = 11, all ps < .05) compared with baseline were reported.

Conclusions/Application to Practice

RISE is feasible within a workday and may address burnout and other psychological health measures in physicians with effects potentially sustainable over 2 months. Occupational health practitioners in health care should consider this type of intervention for their workers.
Impact of Virtual Reality–Generated Construction Environments at Different Heights on Postural Stability and Fall Risk
Authors: Chander Harish , Shojaei Alireza , Deb Shuchisnigdha , Kodithuwakku Arachchige Sachini N. K. , Hudson Christopher , Knight Adam C. , Carruth Daniel W.
Published: August 2020

Background

Falls due to postural instability are common in construction environments especially from a height. The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of virtual reality (VR)-generated environments at different virtual heights on postural stability.

Methods

Nineteen adults were analyzed for postural stability, tested in real (No VR) environment and in three VR environments, randomly assigned, at virtual heights of 0 ft. (VR0), 40 ft. (VR40), and 120 ft. (VR120). Postural stability was quantified using center of pressure postural sway variables and analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Participants also completed a simulation sickness questionnaire (SSQ) before and after VR exposure and a presence questionnaire (PQ) after VR exposure.

Findings

Significant postural instability ( p < .05) was identified between VR and No VR, in which increased postural instability was evident in all VR conditions compared with No VR. Scores from SSQ were within a pre–post score difference of five and the PQ score was (104.21 ± 14.03).

Conclusion/Application to Practice

Findings suggest that VR environments, regardless of virtual height, induced increased postural instability, which can be attributed to visual sensory conflicts to the postural control system created by VR exposure. Participants’ subjective responses on SSQ and PQ confirmed the feasibility of using VR to represent realistic immersions in virtual heights. However, objectively, VR could potentially lead to postural instability, stressing caution. VR can be a potential tool for providing virtual high-altitude environment exposure for fall prevention training, however, more research is needed on postural adaptation with acute and chronic exposure to VR.