bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Education in Economic Development: A Comparison of South Korea and Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Sakmurzaeva Nargiza
Published: November 2019

Education plays a big role in the economic development of the country. No country can achieve sustainable economic development without educated human capital. Education helps people to understand themselves and world. It improves the quality of their lives and leads to broad social benefits to individuals and society. Education is a very important in raising productivity of people and promotes technological development.
The main purpose of this paper is to identify the role of education in the economic development by comparing South Korea and Kyrgyzstan which are represents developed and developing countries of the world. South Korea, for example, is a highly industrialized and developed country which educational system is in the list of the best 10 systems in the world. In opposite, Kyrgyzstan is an agricultural country which economy is dominated by minerals extraction, agriculture, and reliance on remittances from citizens working abroad. As a result of the research it can be concluded that education is a compulsory and one of the major tools for development of one country. A developing country with a small economy such as Kyrgyzstan should take an example from South Korea and allocate much money from the national budget for the education. So, it is important for Kyrgyzstan to implement educational policy of developed countries within the framework of national policy.
The Effect of Public Expenditures on International Trade: Central Asian
Authors: Karaköy Çağatay , Sarı Selahattin , Yurttançıkmaz Ziya Çağlar , Cengiz Erol
Published: November 2019

As an inevitable consequence of globalization in the new world order, economies have become dependent on each other. Country economies are in a position to support international trade in order to finance their problems in the domestic market. In this context, it is known that central Asian countries are trying to increase their production by importing. In addition, central Asian countries have been striving to increase international trade through public spending during the transition period. The studies in the literature have been carried out by considering public expenditures and growth relations. The subject is important in the context of Keynesians' view. The desire of transforming income by natural sources into public investments makes the economies worth to investigate. In this study, central Asian countries Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan as well as Azerbaijan will participate and the effects of public consumption expenditures on export and import will be analyzed through Granger Causality Tests and the results will be evaluated within the scope of the literature.
Entrepreneurship and Creativity
Authors: Tamer Gülay
Published: November 2019

In recent years, the concept of entrepreneurship has become very important in ensuring social welfare and economic development and attracts attention as the driving force of economic development and social welfare. Because of these reasons, studies on entrepreneurship find support from all over the world, and in the universities, besides studies supporting the entrepreneurship, also related courses are featured.
The concept of entrepreneurship is investigated in this research, and personality traits observed in entrepreneurs such as need for achievement, self-confidence, risk taking, innovativeness, creativity, locus of control, tolerance of uncertainty are tried to explain. The relationship between enterprising tendency and self-confidence trait, as well as innovation and creativity are given. Also, innovation process and types are explained, and the significance of entrepreneurial creativity and its measurement is tried to explain through a case study.
Organizational Problems of The Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Pirimbaev Jusup , Kamalov Zalkar
Published: November 2019

In terms of the implementation of the Eurasian Economic Union integration along with positive processes of economic relationship convergence, development of standards and regulations of customs procedures and the resolution of contentious issues, there are organizational problems that are needed to be addressed. Nowadays, a lot of issues related to supra-national governance remain open due to the lack of regulation or its inadequate elaboration, while no solutions are offered for them, and many projects remain stopped. This article focuses specifically on the solutions to those problems and emphasizes the list of them that are designed for the future solution, as well as the need to integrate activities for addressing those issues with the participation of all the members of the Eurasian Economic Union. Based on the analysis of today's relationships among the members of the Eurasian Economic Union, appropriate conclusions, proposals and recommendations are made for further relationship improvement and development by considering the perspectives of voluntary joining and integration of other countries into the Eurasian Economic Union.
Unemployment News and Stock Market Returns: A Study on OECD Countries
Authors: Ağırman Ensar , Karcıoğlu Reşat , Osman Asfia Binte
Published: November 2019

Unemployment is one of the major macroeconomic factors which has always been a big issue for an economy as it has a direct influence on living condition of citizens and is helpful in ensuring a sound and growing economic system. Based on logical concept it can be said that employment rate states the financial soundness of citizens, specifies their spending capacities, saving and investment behavior in real and financial assets; thus, related to stock market activities.
Researchers decided to conduct the study on unemployment; only a factor of macro economy considering its significance in research area that has been started with a good number of studies done by different researchers based on different countries on different periods, but this study is different from previous studies from some point of views: 1) It will cover a huge number of countries with several economic classes; 2) This study will represent the relationship between unemployment and stock market returns of the countries under a single study which are significant from world perspective because of having power to influence the activities of other countries; 3) This study will help researchers, policy makers and learners to get a clear idea about the interrelationship among these two components over a wide range of countries together. The study will conduct on all the member countries (35 countries) of OECD and will use Panel Data analysis for the period of 2008 – 2017.
Supply Chain Management of Fruits and Vegetables: Realities and Prospects
Authors: Mukhamedjanova Kamola
Published: November 2019

Fruit and vegetables are an important sector of agricultural production in Uzbekistan, because they provide the population with sufficient food, as well as income for rural households. Despite this, there are a number of problems in terms of storage, harvesting, processing, and transportation dealing with supply chain management of fruits and vegetables. This article examines the existing mechanism of fruit and vegetables supply chain, as well as offers optimal solutions concerning these issues. In this research there were used secondary data collected from official statistics and professional literatures. As methods of research were used analysis and synthesis, comparison. By practicing improved supply chain management mechanism, there will be significant reduction in the wastages of fruits and vegetables which in turn will benefit both the farmers also the consumers by means of increased returns and decrease in prices respectively.
Improving the Competitiveness of Agri-Food Industry and Promotion of Agri-Food Products in Foreign Markets (Empirical and Econometrical Analysis in Ca
Authors: Karimova Khulkar
Published: November 2019

This study aims to explain the factors influencing agri-food industry production. The paper examines driving factors, current status of the whole industry, analyzing problems and potential opportunities. In the study, econometric analysis is used in order to derive sensitivity estimators. Relying on the estimators, further conclusions and recommendations are made to improve the production and export of agri-food industry in Uzbekistan.
A Kuznets Adaptive Approach to Life Curves: An Application on Selected Asian Countries
Authors: Kök Recep , Dündar Özlem , Ekinci Ramazan
Published: November 2019

When the historical process is evaluated, it is known that the increase in welfare level of each country increases the average life of human life. However, it is important to test the environmental Kuznets hypothesis when economies are related in terms of the intensity of industrial development and the type of energy used. The main objective of this study is to determine the relationship between the Kuznets curves and the life curves based on the Kuznets curve approach and to analyze the impact of urbanization and health expenditures on the average lifetime.
A sample of Asian countries selected as reference to the study was created and analytical findings covering for the period 2005-2014 annual data were obtained using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The mentioned data base of Asian countries consists of Turkey Statistical Institute and the World Bank statistical indicators. The results of these search are of the nature to contribute to the policy development of the country's governments and are in line with the theoretical expectations.
Does External Debt Matter for Investment: Evidence from GMM
Authors: Yanıkkaya Halit , Turan Taner
Published: November 2019

In theory, the main channel which through external debt would affect the growth rate is investment. On the one hand, external debt would boost the investment by providing more resources than domestically available. On the other hand, external debt would create a disincentive effect, as suggested by debt overhang arguments. Since it is not clear which effect will dominate in practice, empirical studies would be helpful to shed light on the issue. Moreover, one can argue that the effect of external debt on the private and public investment does not need to be the same. Therefore, aside from total investment we investigate the impact of external debt on disaggregated investment. We use dynamic panel analysis and data for a large sample of countries to investigate the subject at hand. Our results indicate that there exists a negative relationship between external debt and total investment. Furthermore, we find that both total and public external debt lowers the private investment, consistent with debt overhang arguments. On the other hand, there is no relationship between the external debt and government investment.
The Rising Money Values of the Virtual World
Authors: Artekin Ayşe Özge , Soydal Haldun
Published: November 2019

With the rapid increase in the number of currencies recently called virtual money or crypto money and the value of over 500 billion dollars today, we can see that these currencies actually entered our life and have an international influence. The European Central Bank defined a virtual money as "…a type of unregulated, digital money, which is issued and usually controlled by its developers, and used and accepted among the members of a specific virtual community." The virtual money, which is produced in a limited amount on the internet and has validity both in the internet domain and in the real life, has been offered to use conservation oriented value without depending on a certain center. Nowadays, virtual money is seen as an investment tool due to its rapid increase in its value as well as its use in electronic commerce.
In this study, a more specific examination will be made on the virtual money, which is one of the gains of the economy and has a value even higher than the economies of some small countries in the world today, with the general outline of the concept of virtual money. In addition to, the study is aimed at developing a perspective on the future of virtual money.
The Determination of Consumer Rights Knowledge Level of Youth: A Research on the Tourism and Hotel Management Students
Authors: Garda Betül , Karaçor Zeynep , Karaçor Süleyman
Published: November 2019

From the beginning of the 20th century it has been observed that detailed studies have been carried on consumer protection and consumer rights by countries, civil society organizations, private sector companies and universities. A harmonious co-operation between these units is of great importance in terms of ensuring effective consumer protection. Because the informing, education and protection of the consumer is accepted as a necessity of modern society. Consumer education is seen as a prerequisite for long-term social and cultural development. Tourists can experience various problems in purchasing goods and services in the regions they travel and do not know which way to apply in such a situation. In this context, youth who are educated tourism management should be knowledgeable about consumer rights are important in terms of resolving the expectations of consumers.
In this context, the main purpose of the research is to reveal the knowledge level and behavior of consumer rights of tourism students. The questionnaire prepared for this purpose was applied to the students of Selcuk University Tourism Faculty. As a result of the research, it was determined that the students who participated in the survey know the consumer rights law. However, it has been determined that they do not know the contents of the basic rights provided in this law and the ways of utilization at the desired level.
Effects of Migration Flows on Local Labor Market: A Regional Implementation on Turkey
Authors: Durmaz Atakan , Kalça Adem
Published: November 2019

Migration flows are an important research topic in the economic literature due to the economic effects they have on both the homeland and the countries receiving the immigration. Studies on homeland focus on issues such as remittances, foreign direct investment, Technology and knowledge transfers and trade links, while studies on immigrant countries focus on issues such as immigrants' impacts on the local labor market and commercial effects. The aim of this study starting from this point is the recent massive migration flows exposed to these migration flows in Turkey to determine their impact on the local labor market. In the study, the data set covering the period of 2011-2016 was used for 26 sub-regions of Turkey and this was tested using panel data analysis. According to the results, while immigrants with a work permit in Turkey have a statistically significant and positive impact on the women’s labor force participation rate and the total labor force participation rate, there is no statistically significant effect on male labor force participation rates. In other words, according to the results, immigrants with a work permit in Turkey are complementary in terms of local labor force.
Digital Marketing Usage and Measurement in Turkey
Authors: Geçit Barış Batuhan , Taşkın Erdoğan
Published: November 2019

Technological advances force firms to adapt new strategies and be more innovative. As firms changed their strategies, they also had to change their marketing strategies. There has been the necessity of surviving and obtaining more competitive advantage as world advance. In order to gain competitive advantage, marketing strategies should have been applied more technologically. This made firms adapt to the concept of digital marketing. Digital marketing is simply the application of marketing tools via digital or technological devices.
This research focuses on exploring the digital marketing issue that is evolving through virtual connections. For this purpose hypothesis related to digital marketing has been tested on this study and survey method has been applied to marketing managers in Turkey. A survey with five-likert scale has been conducted.
According to the results obtained from survey, managers see measurement of digital marketing important and see lack of knowledge and difficulty of content creating as the biggest barriers for using digital marketing.
Problems of Implementation of Startup Projects in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Rakhmanalieva Aizhan
Published: November 2019

Today in the Kyrgyz Republic one of the sources of sustainable economic development can be considered the development of small and medium enterprises. It acts as a driving force of economic growth, because contributes to the creation of new jobs, poverty reduction and the development of civil society. In international practice, entrepreneurship development is mostly provided by a small innovative business, the best management approach of which is project management.
In connection with the intensification of interest in scientific and technological developments, it is necessary to note the emergence of a new direction of companies – a startup. Unlike foreign countries, where this practice is widespread and actively supported by the state, the development of the practice of startups in Kyrgyzstan is actually at an early stage.
Accordingly, in the domestic literature, such a phenomenon as a “startup” is not considered, and in the foreign one, the features of the local market are not taken into account.
In the definition of a startup, the word “search” is also important, because it demonstrates a key difference from enterprises that operate in mature markets.
The life cycle of a startup project has a more complex structure than a traditional project.
The article describes the quantitative indicators of Startup-Ecosystems of Kyrgyzstan, as well as key factors affecting its development. The most significant factors affecting the environment for developing and implementing startup projects have been identified.
Foreign Direct Investment as an Important Source of External Development Financing: New Evidence in Turkey
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed Isse
Published: November 2019

Foreign direct investment is a critical source of external instruments for financing development for Turkey, FDI can contribute to technology diffusion, Economic growth, Employment generation and Sustainable development. However; the Objective of this research is to examine whether foreign direct investment as an external source of financing effects economic growth in Turkey, based on time series data from 2003 to 2016 during the Erdoğan administration. This study employed Harrod-domar growth model using under OLS method. The paper considerate main variables foreign direct investment, Exchange rate and labor force. Based on empirically investigated the study confirmed that foreign direct investment and Labor force has a positive significant relationship to economic growth in Turkey while exchange rate has a negative significant relationship to economic growth in Turkey. So this paper recommends that movement of Turkey should promote policies encourage and creation of a good microeconomic and macroeconomic a friendly environment and utilization of the careful of loose monetary policy to economic performance.
Dynamics in Turkish Housing Market
Authors: Sönmezer Sıtkı , Aytüre Gürol
Published: November 2019

The recent economic crises of the summer 2018 has led to hiking foreign currency prices and an increased risk perception. Moreover, promising returns of alternative investments has convinced investors to refrain from the housing market and the demand in real estate market has fallen significantly. Measuring the demand for housing precisely is crucial for overcoming economic difficulties as well as understanding the profitability, liquidity and the future of construction sector in Turkey. In this study, significant factors that have impact on the demand for real estate market are assumed to be dynamic. Different regimes are formed based on interest rates and factors like housing prices, location, mortgage rates, bond rates, foreign currency returns, gold returns and iron prices are used to test the changes in the demand for real estate.
The Aftermath of Quantitative Easing in Advanced Economies: The Empirical Evidences
Authors: Bal Harun , Basher Shahanara , Mamun Abdulla Hil
Published: November 2019

Quantitative easing (QE), as a measure of unconventional monetary policy (UMP), has been followed by many of the central banks of advanced economies to boost the economy by stimulating investment and consumption. The study identifies the most recent QE programs undertaken by central banks of four major advanced economies, namely, Federal Reserve (Fed), Bank of England (BOE), Bank of Japan (BOJ) and European Central Bank (ECB), and examines its impact on major macroeconomic indicators, namely output growth, inflation, exchange rate indices and stock market indices, employing vector autoregressive (VAR) models. Findings of the study suggest that QE was only favorable for real GDP growth of USA and the development of stock market of euro area. However, such an UMP failed to bring about changes in appropriate directions among the other economic indicators of these advanced economies. QE at an adequate scale to offset the recessionary forces could help achieve the expected results of the policy action. At the same time, policy makers should think over other supplementary measures that can support and expedite the impact of QE in favourable directions to achieve the desired goals of such UMP.
A Research on the Relationship between Humor Styles and Entrepreneurial Tendency
Authors: Eroğlu Şeyma Gün , Vural Merve , Eroğlu Feyzullah
Published: November 2019

Humor, which has a wide range of influences, has an important role in human life. Humor is regarded as an effective tool for transmitting a wide range of ideas, feelings, and thoughts and has long been seen as a coping strategy that is particularly healthy and effective. This is because humor is thought to be a strong antidote against negative emotions. In the previous studies, it was detected that the individuals who have a sense of humor also have high task motivation, cheerfulness, high self-esteem and social dominance, and more importantly, humor was found to be positively associated with the creative personality traits.
According to Humke and Schaefer (1996), humor and creativity involve both taking risks and generating unusual reactions. Moreover, entrepreneurship includes concepts such as innovation, risk-taking, tolerance to uncertainty, the need for achievement and locus of control. Likewise, entrepreneurial characteristics are defined by creativity, innovation, risk-taking, struggle and high motivation for success. In this respect, it is thought that there is a close relationship between entrepreneurial tendency and sense of humor.
This study aims to examine the relationship between individuals' humor styles and entrepreneurial tendencies. The sample of the study consists of students of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences of Pamukkale University and students of the Faculty of Engineering. We use the most preferred scales in the literature to measure humor styles and entrepreneurship tendency. We test the data through statistical methods and analyze the relationship between students' entrepreneurial tendencies and humor styles.
The Effect of Technology Spillovers on Income Distribution: An Application on OECD Countries
Authors: Algan Neşe , İşcan Erhan , Serin Oktay Duygu
Published: November 2019

Ensuring a fair income distribution to increase social welfare is one of the main objectives of economic policies. With the acceleration of innovations in information and communication technology in the 20th century, the developments in technology have been characterized as the main reason for growth, welfare and productivity growth. However, rapid technological developments have revealed that significant changes in the dynamics of income inequalities occur at the same time. The growth in income inequality has increased significantly in many countries recently. Accordingly, the notion that the spread of technology has led to growth in income inequality has attracted attention in recent years. In the light of this information, the aim of the study is to reveal the impact of the spread of new technologies on income inequality and the factors underlying the income inequality dynamics. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of technology spillovers on income inequality of selected OECD countries including Turkey using panel data analysis. The data for all countries obtained from the World Bank’s Development Indicators and OECD. Stat. The empirical conclusion indicated the effect of the technology spillovers on income inequality. This empirical finding contributed to promote the existing literature, and also draws main attention of policymakers. Because, knowing the factors underlying income inequality, which is seen as an important economic and social problem, is important in determining effective policies to ensure a more equitable income distribution.
The Export-Led Growth Hypothesis: A Panel Cointegration Approach in the Middle East and North Africa Countries (1980-2017)
Authors: Esaa Ayat Abdelrahim Suliman , Bal Harun , İşcan Erhan
Published: November 2019

This study examines the hypothesis of the Export-Led Growth in the seven selected Middle East and North Africa countries, the hypothesis state that export growth driven by export promotion policies enhances overall economic growth. Empirical investigations have tended to focus attention on the direction of causality between exports and economic growth using Granger causality tests. However, the empirical results based on these tests are, at best, mixed and often contradictory.
The paper employs panel data analysis by utilizing the Pedroni panel cointegration, Pedroni Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares and Fully Modify Ordinary Least Squares, and Canning-Pedroni causality methods, a recent development in panel data econometrics, properties of integration and cointegration and consistency of parameters. The study considers the following three variables; Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Real exports (EXP) and Real import (IMP). Annual secondary data are obtained from the World Bank Development Indicator for seven MENA countries, Namely, Algeria, Egypt, Sudan, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Qatar.
The empirical results emphasize the existence of a positive relationship between Export and GDP. Results of waled and Z-bar Group statistics indicate the long-run unidirectional causality between Export and GDP, operates from Export to the GDP. It confirms the validity of Export-led growth hypothesis of the seven selected MENA countries. Empirical evidence suggests significant policy prescriptions; these countries should focus more on supporting export orientated industries through aid-for-trade, trade-capacity building schemes and other types of policies in order to promote economic growth.
The Impact of Research and Development on Productivity: Case of Turkey
Authors: Tekeoğlu Muammer , Algan Neşe , İşcan Erhan , Serin Oktay Duygu
Published: November 2019

Productivity is one of the major research topics in economic literature because of the importance of sustainable development and growth for the countries. Besides, many of the theories stated that technology is the major source of productivity growth in the long run. Especially the productivity acceleration of the countries draw the attention of the researchers after the 90’s due to the changes in the technology. Also, these changes expanded the productivity gap between countries in the consequences of changing growth pattern and increasing the size and structure of the economy. Therefore understanding the linkage between research and development and productivity becomes the most important research topic in the economic literature. Due to this importance analyzing the characteristics of productivity become an important issue for the policymakers for setting new policies. By virtue of the growing importance of understanding productivity changes of countries, the aim of this paper is to investigate the interaction between the research and development spending and productivity for Turkey. We used various types of research and development spending and productivity indicators to estimate this linkage using data for the last three decades. The importance of this paper is to clarify the effect of research and development impact on the productivity of Turkey. The results of this paper will enlighten the details of the underlying variables that affect productivity.
The Effect of the Network and Technology Oriented Applied Entrepreneurship Program on Entrepreneurial Knowledge and Skill Development of the Students
Authors: Antalyalı Ömer Lütfi , Göktaş Pınar
Published: November 2019

In the framework of Turkey Entrepreneurship Strategy and Action Plan, there is highlighted to the importance of education of entrepreneurship and there is a need for practical training programs. The Network and Technology Oriented Applied Entrepreneurship Program was carried out as an exemplary model to answer the purpose. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of entrepreneurship knowledge and skills on development. Data were collected with a questionnaire (Evans, 2009; Linan et al., 2008), pre and post-test were applied. There are 162 participants who answered both pre-test and post-test. Although the entrepreneurship information of the participants has been improved, there has not been a significant improvement in entrepreneurial skills. Similar to previous studies, this study also showed a strong relationship between entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurship skill in both pre-test and post-test data. However, in the ∆test formed from the post-test pre-test difference, the relationship between the change of entrepreneurship knowledge and the change in entrepreneurship skills was found to be weak. It was found that the knowledge development provided by the trainings was weak in predicting skill development. It can be said that the entrepreneurship education carried out is not healthy enough and carries a risk of not leaving any permanent impact on the participants. As a result of the findings, revisions that need to be realized in the design of entrepreneurship trainings are discussed.
Economic Cooperation in the World and Utopian Eurasia
Authors: Çiftçi Hakkı
Published: November 2019

In the first part of this study, Economic Cooperation and Utopian Eurasia, the main characteristics of the new collaborations in the world, the concept of economic cooperation, the effects of the elements, the economic cooperation, the characteristics of structural adjustment, the global market targets with the economic cooperation, the adaptation possibilities and problems of the economic cooperation will be explained. Based on the Eurasian concept, the basic population, economic structure and development potential of the Eurasian Economic Union will be discussed. In the third and the last part, together with the transformations in the world, which carry the confrontational processes, it will be included in the contemporary communication to achieve the success of the economic cooperation by means of the common communication network and the changes in the areas where the rapid change between the political, economic, cultural, technological and social decision-making centers become up-to-date. the necessity of being equipped with sufficient information about economic associations and developments, the success of the country in the field of economy, the changes and developments occurring in the world will be evaluated in the context of Eurasian economic cooperation and the results and suggestions will be made.
ARDSI Supports in the Rural Tourism Area: Example of Kastamonu
Authors: Gürel Fatih , Tengiz Zehra Meliha , İnan Osman
Published: November 2019

Rural development; It is one of the most fundamental elements of countries' having a strong economy and developing. The most important activity area in rural development is rural tourism. Natural wealth, historical memories, local values, etc. recognition and promotion will bring social and cultural development together. In other words, “rural tourism” will be the most important door in the development of domestic and foreign tourism in Turkey and opening up to the world.
In the process of European Union accession process, the ARDSI, which is established by aiming to make the modern enterprises sustainable by increasing the welfare and livelihood of the citizens living in the countryside with the competitiveness at the international level, making stronger investments in domestic and foreign marketing, and increasing the welfare and livelihood level of our citizens living in the country, is the relevant institution of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Since 2011, ARDSI has invested approximately 3.8 billion TL in our country's economy. Within the scope of these investments, approximately 60 000 people were employed, 14 441 of whom were directly employed.
In Kastamonu, ARDSI has signed an investment agreement with 11 investors to date, exceeding 11.5 million TL. For that reason, Kastamonu has become a model city for our country in the tourism area of the rural development movement. In this study, general information about the rural tourism potential in Kastamonu and ARDSI was given first and rural tourism applications in Kastamonu province were examined.
Investigation of the Validity and Reliability of Reputation Quotient Scale in the Banking Sector
Authors: Özdemir Lutfiye , Elitok Uyum , Elitok Yavuz
Published: November 2019

According to data of The Banks Association of Turkey 2017; In Turkey, the banking sector occupies an important place in the country's economy due to the fact that banks employ approximately 200,000 people and foreign capital and partnerships are increasing in this sector. However, there is an intense competition environment in which all instruments in this sector are used. It is necessary to differentiate to achieve a competitive advantage and to achieve sustainable growth. Differentiation can be realized with abstract values rather than tangible values, which are generally not shown in the balance sheet. Corporate reputation holds a strategic place in relations with stakeholders and is placed in an important position in the eyes of stakeholders. In the study, it is aimed to make a structure analysis of the Reputation Coefficient Scale analysis which can be used to measure the corporate reputation. The data obtained from 185 people working in the banking sector in Batman province and analyzed with SPSS 23.00 and AMOS 24.00 programs. As a result of the analysis, Cronbach's alpha value was 0.924 and it was found to be highly reliable. According to the confirmatory factor analysis performed with the Maximum Likehood method, the results of the fit indexes of the model were well and found as X2/df=1,788, RMSEA = 0,065, GFI = 0,903, CFI = 0,945, TLI = 0,926 and IFI = 0,946. ’Reputation Coefficient Scale’ used in the banking sector in Batman province has been determined as reliable and valid in terms of structure.
The Relationship Between Unemployment and Immigration: The Case of OECD Countries (2008-2018)
Authors: Sarı Selahattin , Ay Ahmet , Köksal Melike
Published: November 2019

In the broadest sense, immigration is defined as the change of places where people live, and it becomes a more complicated phenomenon when analyzed from the socio-economic, political and psychological aspects. The extent of the impact of migration in this context varies according to the conditions of each country, but it is also related to the number of migrants received and the many personal characteristics of immigrants, such as age, education level. Therefore, there is no unanimity on the subject in the literature. The total number of settled migrations of the 25 OECD countries in the last 10 years has been used. The effects of the migrants employed in the labor markets (registered) on the unemployment rates of the selected countries were investigated. The study period was selected as 2008-2018 years. The data was obtained from the OECD and World Bank databases. In this context, panel causality analysis was applied to investigate the short-term effects of the employed migrants on the unemployment rates of the selected countries. As a result of the analysis, in the short-term, no double or one-way relationship between unemployment and immigration was found. However, in the long run, the cointegration relationship between the variables was determined and the panel cointegration analysis revealed that long-term migration would affect unemployment in the same direction. So, according to the results of the analysis; for the countries examined, there is a long-term and similar relationship between unemployment and settled migrants who participate in labor force in the selected period.
An Investigation on the Relationship between Gastronomy Flows and Colors
Authors: Sarıışık Mehmet , Kardeş Nazlı
Published: November 2019

Considering that the color-rich foods evoke health-freshness and the importance of healthy eating understanding is taken into consideration today, the adoption of the colorful as the gastronomy flow, the interest in the flow to meet the need for prestige and status in the hierarchy of needs, and the current consumed by the social environment. they tend to share. What is the best consumption for man as a result of the study? When the question is approached with the understanding of image the best consumption for the people who enjoy the most, it is seen that it is possible to enjoy the taste of the human as well as the taste of the food. The aim of the study, which is based on the recent gastronomy movements, is the role of colors in the formation of gastronomy currents. to answer the question. For this purpose, many foreign researches have been examined in detail and social media shares related to gastronomy trends which are the research scope are examined. As a result of the study, it is revealed that the colors have an effect on the determination of gastronomy currents and that the colored food attracts more consumers and creates more fashion perception, and that the person who buys a fashionable product tends to share the fashion with the idea that it seems more prestigious and more statistical.
Crypto Currency Bitcoin and Bitcoin Market in Turkey
Authors: Acet Hakan , Diken Ayşe Özge
Published: November 2019

Bitcoin, which emerged in 2008 and is now being used rapidly in various sectors, is a crypto currency. Bitcoin was revealed by Satoshi Nakamoto (who or who is not specific to the person or a group). An official or private regulator is exported independently of the institution and therefore has no guarantee. Bitcoin was first used in the market in 2009. Although more than one crypto currency has emerged, Bitcoin has maintained its leadership since its release. However, in the years ahead, another crypto currency, Ethereum, will also go ahead of Bitcoin. Although there are countries that are prohibited to be used in countries of the world, the number of countries in which it is used is increasing day by day. In Turkey, shipping fees, employee salaries, cost of books, such as food shopping are being used in many fields.
Limited Real Rights of Foreigners in Turkey
Authors: Deynekli Adnan
Published: November 2019

Foreigner is a person who does not have any citizenship with the Republic of Turkey.
According to the third paragraph of Article 35 of the Deed Law, the Council of Ministers/President of the Republic, in the interests of the country, is entitled to define, limit and prohibit, the limited real rights of the foreign real persons and foreign trade companies, in terms of country, person, geographical region, time, number, rate, type, quality, square measurement and amount.
To entitle the Council of Ministers/President of the Republic to limit and prohibit the use of limited rights of the foreigners, may be contrary to Article 16 of the Constitution.
The limited real rights are the usufruct rights (TCC 794), the right of residence (TCC 823), the right of construction (TCC 837) and the right of pledge and immovable load (TCC 839).
It may be established the right of usufruct, right of construction and immovable load in favor of foreigners in Turkey who can acquire real estates.
It may be established pledge rights without being subject to restrictions in favor of foreign real and legal persons.
The Evaluation of the Energy Resources of Exclusive Economic Zones in Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Uslu Kamil
Published: November 2019

The Eastern Mediterranean has attracted new attention on the gas potential in the world. In fact, overseas research in the eastern Mediterranean waters began in the late 1960s with a number of wells opened by Belpetco. With the overseas production of the region in recent years, it has entered the world agenda. However, these discoveries have triggered additional conflicts between the states on the establishment of sovereign rights and the limitation of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). In 2009, a large amount of energy was produced in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. The resulting supply, economic line in the westward movement, between Cyprus and Turkey, Turkey would reach out to EU countries. Arish-Ashkelon, which supplies gas to Israel, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon, has been identified as a pipeline. The other line is the Arab Gas Pipeline. The cooperation with the implementation of the line was met and accepted. But the Syrian civil war has postponed this view for now. When Cyprus joined the EU in 2004, the Sea of Levantine made the European Union a sea border for all practical purposes. In the early 2000s, Cyprus and Turkey's EU membership expectancy, could boost optimism about the possibility of a breakthrough. Turkey should not be admitted to the EU has prevented the solution of the Cyprus problem. Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) and made clear that the agreement with the International Exclusive Economic Zone reached 200 Mile limits. The energy source derived from the region, the future of both Turkey and the TRNC will be able to improve the economic well-being. Thus, will contribute to peace in the region.
The Impact of External Instability and Socio-economic Infrastructure on the Productivity Dynamics of North Cyprus
Authors: İsmihan Mustafa , Besim Mustafa , Sertoğlu Kamil
Published: November 2019

This study aims to explore the long-term productivity dynamics of the economy of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus by using a simple Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model. More specifically, we aim to analyze the impact of macroeconomic instability and socio-economic infrastructure on total factor productivity over the 1977-2017 period. Additionally, this study develops a socio-economic infrastructure index by combining information from communication, energy, education and health indicators. The main result of this paper is that while total factor productivity is positively and significantly affected by the improvements in socio-economic infrastructure it is negatively affected from the external macroeconomic instability.
Forward Projections of Turkey's Beekeeping
Authors: Tengiz Yusuf Ziya , Tengiz Zehra Meliha
Published: November 2019

Beekeeping is one of the most common agricultural activities in the world. In addition to the world and human life, it is very important in the pollination and the efficiency of the plants. Beekeeping activities have been done since ancient times as the tradition of Anatolian people. In Turkey grows 75% of the honey plants species determined in the world. This provides a variety of honey in different aroma and flavors. Turkey with 7 796 666 beehives is in 3rd rank, with 114 471 tons of honey production is in 2nd rank and with 4 488 tons of beeswax production in 2017 is in 4th rank in the world bee products have an important role.
It is important to determine future trends in developing appropriate policies for our country, which is one of the leading countries in beekeeping activities. The main aims of this study are to forecast honey and beeswax product in Turkey for 2019-2025. Arima model, which is one of the time series analysis, was used in this study.
According to the results, it is expected that honey production will increase in these years. However, it is expected the increase in the production of beeswax until 2021. After 2021 year is expected to decrease a little. In our country which has great potential for beekeeping, it will be able to take place among the countries which have a significant influence in foreign trade with the effective use of production resources in the realization of activities.
Organizational and pedagogical basis for building professional and pedagogical outlook of HEI students
Authors: Efimova S. V.
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the issues of organizational and pedagogical basis for building professional and pedagogical outlook of HEI students. The purpose of the research is to study the distinct manifestation of the students’ professional and pedagogical outlook. To facilitate the research, questionnaire methods, summative and formative assessment were used. The degree of distinct manifestation of the professional and pedagogical outlook was determined by the method ‘The degree of the manifestation of professional and pedagogical outlook’. Based on the structure of pedagogical activity (according to N.V. Kuzmina), the main components of professional teachers’ outlook are compiled of gnostic, communicative, organizational, design, constructive, innovative and informational components. The formative assessment revealed low degree of distinct manifestation of the students’ professional and pedagogical outlook. The obtained results provided the basis for doing the groundwork to prerequisite organizational and pedagogical conditions in order to form future educators’ pedagogical. Organizational and pedagogical groundwork programmes imply high use of active and interactive forms of lecturing, interactive seminars, case methods, interactive lectures, etc.
FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN YANG MEMENGARUHI PERNIKAHAN REMAJA PEREMPUAN
Authors: Fitriani Dian
Published: November 2019

WHO berkerjasama dengan UNICEF untuk meningkatkan kesehatan ibu dan bayi baru lahir di 25 negara yang menyumbangkan angka kematian ibu tertinggi, salah satunya adalah Indonesia, Remaja di dunia yang hamil akan meningkatkan risiko kesehatan bagi dirinya maupun bayinya. Kematian ibu mencapai 70.000 kematian setiap tahun, dan kematian ibu tersebut sangat berkaitan dengan kehamilan dan kelahiran oleh remaja usia 15-19 tahun diseluruh dunia. Tujuan Penelitian untuk menganalisis faktor lingkungan yang memengaruhi pernikahan remaja perempuan di Wilayah Kabupaten Indramayu.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan paradigma fenomenologi. Pengambilan subyek diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Populasi penelitian adalah remaja perempuan yang telah menikah berusia <20 tahun, suaminya, dan keluarganya sebanyak 21 informan.Hasil penelitian yaitu faktor lingkungan memengaruhi pernikahan remaja perempuan di Wilayah Kabupaten Indramayu yaitu seks bebas, broken home, kenakalan remaja, persepsi modernisasi, pengaruh media massa. Keterbatasan penelitian terdapat beberapa remaja perempuan yang tinggal diluar kota karena ikut suami ataupun karena kerja diluar kota, sehingga kemungkinan masih banyak faktor yang belum terungkap.Kesimpulan : faktor yang memengaruhi pernikahan remaja perempuan di Wilayah Kabupaten Indramayu, yaitu faktor lingkungan yang meliputi seks bebas, broken home, kenakalan remaja, persepsi modernisasi, pengaruh media massa.