bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MORPHOLOGIAL PLASTICITY OF HALODULE SPECIES IN RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Bujang Japar Sidik , Nazri Norhapizah Ahmad , Zakaria Muta Harah , Arshad Azis , Ogawa Hisao
Published: October 2018

Halodule species is widely distributed along the south and east coasts of Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. Five locations were selected for the study based on different habitat characteristics; sub-tidal shoal (Merambong-2 sites; Tg. Adang Laut-2 sites), coastal lagoon (Merchang-2 sites), inter-tidal beach front (Lawas-l site) and reef atoll lagoon (Pulau Layang-Layang-l site). Samplings and collections of Halodule plants were conducted from August 2002 until May 2004. The result of the study found that Halodule species are found at depth.of -1.5 to-2.7 m in various habitats with substrates from sandy, coralline sand, calcareous sandy-mud, sandy-mud to muddy substrates and can survive in a wide range of salinity, 18-34 psu. They adapt in th,e different environmental conditions through changes in morphology. Water depth (associated with ambient light), sediment type and sediment depth have an influence on the morphology of vegetative components e.g. leaf length, leaf width, erect stem length and rhizome growth pattern. Leaf tip morphology was not affected by habitat types and the environmental characteristics. Leaf tips for H. uninervis are similar in morphology between young and mature leaves. Leaf tips for H. pinifolia varied with an obvious differences between young and mature leaf tips.
THE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF SEAGRASS IN ENGGANO ISLANDS, BENGKULU
Authors: Farid M. A. , Rasidi S. , Patria M. P.
Published: October 2018

The community structure of seagrass in Enggano Islands has been studied in August 2004. The aim of the study was to assess the seagrass community including species composition, density, and distribution pattern. The study was executed using transect quadrat methods, where seagrasses were counted in quadrats of 50 cm2. The result showed that the Enggano Islands seagrasses consist of seven species Enhalus acoroides, Halophila ovalis, Thallasia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Halodule uninervis, and Syringodium isoetifolium. The highest density occurred in Dua Island dominated by Thallasia hemprichii (363.3 shoots m-2), while the lowest density occurred in Merbau Island dominated by Enhalus acoroides (0.4 shoot m-2). The highest diversity index (HB) occurred in Kiape Bay (1.446) and the lowest in Merbau Island (0.634). In general, seagrass community in Enggano Islands was dominated by Thallasia hemprichii. All species has clumped distribution pattern (Id > 1).
HYDROCARBONOCLASTIC BACTERIA FROM JAKARTA BAY AND SERIBU ISLANDS
Authors: Darmayati Yeti , Harayama Shigeaki , Yamazoe Atsushi , Hatmanti Ariani , Sulistiani - , Nuchsin Ruyitno , Kunarso Djoko Hadi
Published: October 2018

Jakarta Bay has been known as one of the most polluted marine environment in Indonesia, with no exception by oil. Seribu Islands waters, located in the north of Jakarta Bay may have been impacted by this polluted condition.It’s sometimes also hit by oil spillage from pipe leakage. The purpose of this study is to isolate and identify hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (oil and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon degrading bacteria) from Jakarta Bay and Seribu Island waters. The bacteria were isolated from water and sediment/sand. Isolation was prepared by enriched samples in SWP medium with Arabian Light Crude Oil (ALCO). Screening for PAH degrading bacteria has been completed by using sublimation plate method in ONR7a medium and screening for oil degrading bacteria were conducted by using oil plated method with the same medium. Bacteria identifications were done based on l6sRNA gene. The results were analyzed using BLAST and showed that 131 potential hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria have been isolated from Jakarta Bay and Seribu Island waters. Most of them were oil degrading bacteria (41.98%) and the rest were PAH degrading bacteria. Oil pollution level may impact the number of strain of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria isolated. Among the hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria isolated from Jakarta Bay and Seribu Islands, Alcanivorax, Marinobacter, Achromobacter and Bacillus were common hydrocarbonoclastic genera in Jakarta Bay and its surrounding waters. Alcanivorax spp. is important oil and PAH-degrader found not only in temperate waters, but in tropical waters as well.
STUDY OF MICROBIAL POLLUTION IN THE ACEH COASTAL WATERS AND ITS VICINITY
Authors: Kunarso Djoko Hadi
Published: October 2018

Study of microbial pollution in the Aceh coastal waters and its vicinity were carried out in the period of August - September 2006. The purpose of the study is to monitor the marine and coastal environments related to the bacterial condition in Aceh waters after the tsunami disaster. The sediment and water samples were collected from 28 stations in four sites in the Aceh waters (Eastern Aceh, Northern Aceh, Western Aceh and Simeulue Islands waters), using the RV. Baruna Jaya VIII. The determination of microbial pollution was based on parameters of coliform and pathogenic bacteria. The coliform bacteria was analysed by membrane filter technique and pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella and Vibrio) by isolation method based on the selective culture media of Salmonella and TCBS agar. The results of the study showed that density of total coliform bacteria varied between 40 and 1055 CFU/100 ml with an average of 443 CFU/100 ml. Based on the pattern of the distribution of coliform bacteria it was found the highest number in Eastern Aceh with the value of 611 CFU/100 ml and the lowest number in Western Aceh with the value of 348 CFU/100 ml. Based on the density of coliform bacteria, Aceh waters was in the lower permissible level of the Indonesian and WHO standards, means that the coastal environment in Aceh waters is still in good condition. Four genera of pathogenic bacteria isolated from seawater samples were Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Aeromonas and Proteus, and 6 genera from sediments samples were found i.e. Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Aeromonas, Yersinia, Proteus and Vibrio. The pathogenic bacteria from the samples such as Salmonella typhy and Vibrioparahaemoliticus had low pathogenic potential. This indicated that the risk of pathogenic bacterial contamination in Aceh and its vicinity waters were relatively low, therefore, the conditions of coastal and marine environments were relatively in good condition.
HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF DINOFLAGELLATE CYSTS IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS OF JAKARTA BAY: SOME PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors: Sidharta Boy Rahardjo , Panggabean M. G. Lily , Mizushima Koichiro
Published: October 2018

Ten surface sediment samples were collected from Jakarta Bay to study the horizontal distribution of dinoflagellate resting cysts in this area. Overall results had shown unique species composition and diversity of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. However, dinoflagellate cysts found in this preliminary research were sparse and relatively low in term of species number and concentrations. Twenty cyst morphophites were identified in this research, within which ten cysts belong to autotrophic and another ten belong to heterotrophic species. Protoperidinium cysts were the most diversified group, predominating in almost the sampling locations. The cysts identified were generally characterized by species belonged to three orders namely Gonyaulacales, Gymnodiniales, and Peridiniales. Only one dinoflagellate cyst found that was belonged to the toxic and harmful algal bloom (HAB) member species, i.e. Gymnodinium catenatum.
OCCURRENCE OF Gymnodinium catenatum IN THE GULF OF THAILAND
Authors: Lirdwitayaprasit Thaithaworn , Panuksubaksul Darin , Takata Yoshinobu , Sato Shigeru , Kodama Masaaki , Fukuyo Yasuwo
Published: October 2018

A clonal culture of Gymnodinium catenatum was established from a plankton sample collected from Leamthan, Chonburi Province, in the Upper Gulf of Thailand. The culture was maintained at 28±1°C under light intensity of 70 [tmol photons m-2 s-1 with 12:12 L:D cycle. Cells were harvested at late exponential phase and extracted with 0.03 M acetic acid. The HPLC analysis on thus obtained extract revealed that toxins consist of N-sulfocarbamoyl toxins, Cl and C2, as major components. GTX1, GTX2, GTX3, GTX4 and dcSTX were also detected as minor components. The toxin profile of this clone is different from clones of G. catenatum found in Singapore which was dominated by the highly potent carbamate toxins, primarily GTX 1 and 4 with less amounts of GTX2, GTX3, neosaxitoxin, and saxitoxin. No N-sulfocarbamoyl, decarbaomyl, or deoxy-decarbamoyl toxins were detected.
THE ABUNDANCE OF POTENTIALLY TOXIC EPIPHYTIC DINOFLAGELLATES AND NUTRIENTS FROM BALI AND GILI TRAWANGAN, INDONESIA
Authors: Skinner Mark
Published: October 2018

There are strong indicators that the degradation of coral reefs may increase the intensity and frequency of ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) outbreaks when denuded reef surfaces are colonised by macro algae that are the preferred hosts of toxic dinoflagellates that can cause the disease. Ciguatera field studies have concentrated on the dinoflagellate genus Gambierdiscus, well known to be the producer of ciguatoxin precursors. Moreover the potential of toxins from other dinoflagellate genera such as Prorocentrum and Ostreopsis is less often considered. Whilstit is known that toxic compounds produced by Ostreopsis species include ostreotoxins (OTX) and ostreocins, the potential harmful impacts of Ostreopsis, Prorocentrum and Gambierdiscus species on coral reef organisms (and ecological impacts) are largely unknown. In addition, CFP has historically largely occurred on the oceanic islands of the worldâ€™s tropical seas, but has only recently been reported in the major archipelagoes of Indonesia and thePhilippines. In view of their degraded coral reef ecosystems and the potential link between reef health and CFP, this study examined three sites in Bali and Gili Trawangan over one year, to assess the prevalence and distribution of CFP related dinoflagellate species. Beside finding Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis and Prorocentrum at most sites, water column nitrogen nutrient levels were also found on the average to be 3âˆ’4 times higher than that recommended for a healthy coral reef (0.013mg/L). However the maximum abundance of Prorocentrum, Ostreopsis and Gambierdiscus found were low (103, 2,860 and 28 cells per gram of wet weight of host macroalgae, respectively). A factor thatmay play a part in the potential for toxicity at these sites is the abundance of sea grass (and associated micro flora and fauna) which are often present within and adjacent to coral reef ecosystems across the Indonesian archipelago.
Conditions for the Formation of Wear-Resistant Structures When Strengthening the Surface Layers of Parts
Authors: Cherneta Oleg , Kubich Vadim , Voloshchuk Roman , Sasov Alexander , Korzhavin Yuriy , . .
Published: October 2018

In the given article special attention is paid to the transformation of the structure of average carbon steels, depending on technological methods of strengthening, the identification of factors influencing the emergence of high-strength structures.  With the help of microstructural, X - ray phase studies, microhardness measurements of certain layers, the main technological parameters and modes of reinforcing workings have been identified, new and innovative combined technologies have been proposed. Based on the analysis of a number of existing technological methods of strengthening the surface layer of structural materials, the dynamics of transformation of their microstructures was researched.  After laser treatment, due to the ultra-high velocity of cooling of crystallized volumes, due to intensive heat removal through the main volume of samples on the surface, a light zone, which is not digestible, is identified and is identified as "structurally martensitic" - gardenain, which is  a kind of classical martensite. Based on the analysis of a number of existing technological methods of strengthening the surface layer of structural materials, the dynamics of transformation of their microstructures was researched.
Еxperimental Studies of Sliding Bearings of Locomotive Turbochargers by Their Level of Vibration
Authors: Pogrebnyak Andrii , Yеvtushenko Andrii , Кravets Andrii , Kovtunenko Artem , Tilichko Igor
Published: October 2018

The diagnostic features and sources of vibration of sliding bearings of diesel locomotive turbochargers (disappearance of the negative allowance on bearing bushings, self-oscillation in the bearing, self-oscillation when the negative allowance on the bearing bushing disappears, excitation of blade harmonics, etc.) are described in brief. The results of experimental studies of diesel locomotive turbochargers equipped with cylindrical and elliptical sliding bearings are shown. The specific spectra of vibration velocity of the bearing housings (cylindrical and elliptical) in the low-frequency range are presented. Bearing frequencies have been detected in the low-frequency vibration spectrum of the turbocharger housing with cylindrical bearings, and the connection of the detected diagnostic features with defects in sliding bearings has been established. Blade frequencies of the compressor and turbines on turbochargers with cylindrical and elliptical sliding bearings have been found in the high-frequency part of the vibration spectrum. These frequencies are necessary for identifying rotor harmonics and bearing frequencies. It has been established that for a defect-free bearing of turbochargers with elliptical and cylindrical sliding bearings, the vibration velocity of the rotor harmonics and the bearing frequency should not exceed the rated values.
MODEL PERJANJIAN KAWIN YANG DIBUAT SETELAH PERKAWINAN BERLANGSUNG PASCA BERLAKUNYA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 69/PUU-XIII/2015
Authors: Judiasih Sonny Dewi , Yuanitasari Deviana , Inayatillah Revi
Published: October 2018

Perjanjian kawin merupakan perjanjian tentang aspek-aspek perkawinan yang timbul selama perkawinan berlangsung. Perjanjian kawin setelah keluarnya putusan MK No. 69/PUU-XIII/2015 dapat dibuat sebelum, pada saat dan selama perkawinan berlangsung. Artikel ini menganalisis mengenai pengaturan mengenai perjanjian kawin setelah berlakunya putusan MK No69/PUU-XII/2015 dan merumuskan model perjanjian kawin yang dibuat setelah berlakunya putusan MK.Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif dan spesifikasi penelitian secara deskriptif analitis. Analisis data secara yuridis kualitatif.Keluarnya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 69/PUU-XIII/2015 menentukan bahwa perjanjian kawin dapat dibuat sebelum, pada saat dan selama perkawinan berlangsung, dan terdapat beberapa format dari model perjanjian kawin yang dapat menjadi panduan bagi para notaris yang akan membuat akta perjanjian kawin dan terdapat pula surat edaran dari Dirjen Dukcapil terkait Pencatatan Pelaporan Perjanjian Perkawinan.
Relacja Thomasa Plattera jako źródło do życia codziennego uczniów wrocławskich szkół na początku XVI wieku
Authors: Wójcik Jacek
Published: October 2018

Thomas Platter (1499–1582) was a Swiss humanist, printer and writer. At the age of 72, he wrote his autobiography. He devoted a large part of his life to studies. He would travel from city to city, looking for thing to learn. He probably spent a few years (since 1516) in Wrocław. In his autobiography, he covered a lot of the time including students’ life. Platter noted that all lectures took place simultaneously in one room while the St. Elisabeth School library could offer one book. The students had a responsibility to sing in churches. In their free time, they would go to pubs and begged for money. The living conditions were very poor: many students slept on the floor in a single room or at the parish cemetery, plagued by rats and lice. Therefore they frequently fell sick. Platter cared about food and mentioned it very often in his memoirs; when he travelled sometimes there was nothing to eat but in the cities he happened to eat too much. The life of a traveling student in the 15th-16th centuries was very dangerous. Thomas Platter’s autobiography is a very important source of information, indicating all the obstacles to the process of learning in the early sixteenth century.
Dr Jerzy Teofil Szews (1925–2016) nauczyciel akademicki, biografista, badacz dziejów oświaty i wychowania Pomorza Gdańskiego
Authors: Żerko Józef
Published: October 2018

Jerzy Teofil Szews, Ph.D. (1925-2016): a university professor, a biographer, a historian studying education and upbringing in Gdansk Pomerania Jerzy Teofil Szews, Ph.D., was born in Gniezno in 1925. After studies at the Poznań University he worked as a teacher in secondary pedagogical schools in Szklarska Poreba, Lebork, and Wejherowo. Following his academic degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1967 from the Pedagogical University in Gdansk, he was a professor at the Pedagogical University and the University of Gdansk. He was an eminent biographer, a researcher of ‘the unknown history’ concerning Germanisation of the Polish youth in West Prussia’s secondary schools. He also studied the history of the Philomath Society (a secret Polish student organization operating in the early 19th century in Vilnius under Russian occupation), the beginnings of the secret scouting movement in the Pomerania-upon-Vistula Region (an area south of Gdansk, including Bydgoszcz and Torun), and the history of education and upbringing in Gdansk Pomerania. He wrote 11 books and hundreds of articles.
„Salve lux post tenebras” Historia instytucji oświatowych w budynku dawnego gimnazjum św. Elżbiety przy ulicy Dawida we Wrocławiu, pod red. Jolanty SzablickiejŻak i Agnieszki Gryglewskiej
Authors: Kwiecień Marcin
Published: October 2018

.
Karolina Studnicka-Mariańczyk, Siedziba ziemiańska Korabitów Ostrowskich w Maluszynie, Wydawnictwo DiG, Warszawa 2014, ss. 248, tab., summary, indeksy
Authors: Ratajczak Krzysztof
Published: October 2018

.
Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej pt. „Pamięć w pedagogice” (1–2 marca 2016, Toruń)
Authors: Grabowska-Pieńkosz Dr Dorota
Published: October 2018

.
Wyższe Studium Polskie przy Bibliotece Polskiej w Paryżu w 1945 roku
Authors: Chmielewski Witold
Published: October 2018

Following the German occupation of the French capital city, an idea sprang up in the Polish intellectual circles to intensify propagation of Polish culture and knowledge of Poland among young Polish and French people. This concept was to be implemented in the Polish Library in Paris by a series of lectures organized by the Department of Science of the Polish YMCA1 in France in late 1944. The success of the lectures encouraged the Polish Library to launch the Polish College with the goal of making available to primarily Polish youth, studying and working in Paris, the achievements of Polish science and culture and to prepare the young people for work in Poland. The curriculum was developed and, as expected, the College’s operations were financed by the YMCA. Wacław Grzybowski, Ph.D., a former ambassador of Poland to the USSR, was appointed director of the College. The lecturers included illustrious intellectuals: priest Augustyn Jakubisiak, Ph.D., Franciszek Pułaski, Zygmunt Dygat, Irena Gałęzowska, Wieńczysław d’Ercville and many other. The College enjoyed considerable popularity among the students. The changing political situation in Poland put a stop to the promising operations of the College. To some extent, it was continued in the Catholic University of Paris ( the Institut Catholique de Paris). Since 1945, the University hosted the Centre for Slavic Studies where the Polish Section (Section Polonaise) was established. It is worth emphasising that an ambitious attempt at establishing studies for young Poles abroad was made in Madrid, on the initiative of the Polish ambassador, count Józef Potocki, representing in Spain the Polish government in London.
Edukacja ekologiczna w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej inspiracją dla praktyki edukacyjnej w XXI wieku
Authors: Wolter Edyta
Published: October 2018

This article explains how environmental awareness was raised among primary school pupils in the Second Polish Republic illustrated with an example of “Nasi Przyjaciele” magazine, published by the Society for Protection and Care of Animals in Krakow. The monthly was recommended by the Ministry of Religious Denominations and Public Enlightment for school use. In the specific sections of the magazine, environmental attitudes were promoted by means of articles, appeals to provide environmental education, environmental protection and, last but not least, children’s practical activities as part of the Young Friends of Animals Circle, contests for pupils of elementary schools and their creative co-participation in editing the magazine (stories and poems written by the children were published as the winning contest works). The editors regularly provided answers to children’s questions about care of animals and environmental protection.
Dydaktyka i wychowanie w szkołach wiejskich w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego na przykładzie szkół powszechnych gminy Garbów
Authors: Makarewicz Renata
Published: October 2018

The aim of this article is to present the processes of education and upbringing in the curricula for universal schools in the Interwar Period. In the article, the example of primary schools is cited, operating in Garbów commune and the structure of the primary school network is described together with financial and material problems experienced in these schools and the methods of overcoming them. The teaching work of the teachers is presented with emphasis placed on the activity of school institutions and students organizations in the area. Attention is also paid to the significance of the achievements of the teaching and upbringing methods applied in primary schools in the Interwar Period. The article is based on information obtained from sources made available by the National Archives in Lublin and chronicles stored in schools still operating in Garbów commune.
Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej nt. „Nauczyciele. Zasłużeni – niedocenieni – zapamiętani
Authors: Falkowska Joanna
Published: October 2018

.
Gromadzenie i ochrona źródeł szkolnych
Authors: Wróblewska Urszula
Published: October 2018

Among the historical information on the development of education and upbringing in Poland, it is the school sources that have cognitive value. The school sources include chronicles, official documents, photographs, interviews, school diaries, school newspapers, school equipment, and exhibits in school memorial rooms. Since the school sources have been present as long as the schools themselves, they provide the most accurate information about the activities of schools. Usually, the school documentation duty was imposed by the school authorities, which developed appropriate regulations, and with time the systems for protection of school resources were also implemented. The school authorities also designed detailed guidelines for the preparation of, inter alia, school chronicles, and encouraged employees to write them. The interest in school documentation especially grew in the Second Republic of Poland, which resulted from the process of rebuilding the administrative structures of the Polish state. All documents were subject to an assessment by the School Inspector. The process of creating school documentation was accompanied by initiatives to store and protect it. Pedagogues started to create school museums, where the school documents were to be kept. School sources meet the criteria of historical sources. However, it is difficult to suggest a uniform typology of school sources, as it depends on the definition of the source. School source materials of invaluable cognitive value and a rich iconographic base might be the basis for research in history, education science, ethnology, sociology and anthropology. Despite their cognitive value, the school sources are currently not protected by law and may become dispersed and irreversibly lost.
Losy nauczycieli Wielkopolski wschodniej w czasie II wojny światowej w świetle zapisów kronik szkolnych. Wprowadzenie do problematyki
Authors: Gołdyn Piotr
Published: October 2018

School chronicles are an important but sometimes underestimated source of information for the history of education. The difficulties with their use result from their dispersion, lack of availability and subjective nature. However, despite their subjectivity, they can provide extremely interesting information, e.g. on the biographies of individual educators. This article focuses on the war fate of school teachers in the Eastern Greater Poland. Almost all of them lost their jobs as a result of the closure of schools. Many were deported to the General Government or to forced labour in Germany. Those who stayed undertook off-an-on work or jobs that had nothing to do with the teaching profession. Despite the threat to their lives, some of them were also engaged in secret teaching. Unfortunately, there were also those who decided to collaborate with the German occupier. The research included in this article should be considered an introduction to research in this source area.
Historia autyzmu od baśni i legend po badania genetyczne – laboratorium budowy mitów w nauce
Authors: Osóbka Krzysztof
Published: October 2018

Autism is one of the most mysterious human disorders ever known. Although existing since the dawn of humanity, it was only in 1943 that science took up this subject. Before, undiscovered and unnamed, it was considered merely a legend, and the only existing records were those of a few pioneer case studies. With his discoveries, Leo Kanner, the first person to properly define autism, marked the beginning of a struggle to describe the disorder using scientific language. Unfortunately, the attempts were not always successful. Autism, as described by contemporary science, is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Theories claiming its psychogenic aetiology can no longer be sustained. The history of research concerning autism points to a phenomenon known as collective thinking – a term coined by Ludwik Fleck, as well as to the process of the emergence of a scientific myth. It is a study of how researchers’ presuppositions can shape social beliefs, and at the same time how constructing scientific theories is inherently ingrained in the cognitive style of an era. The second half of the 20th century marks the beginning of a gradual change in the classification of autism. The perception of the nature of this disorder shifted from psychogenic theories to organic aetiologies. It is the voice of the enormously talented and creative individuals with high-functioning autism that triggered a breakthrough in the research - a voice that was ignored until the 1980s.
Der Wiederaufbau von Florenz 1945
Authors: Kossel Elmar
Published: October 2018

Florence suffered heavy destruction due to blasting by the german Wehrmacht in the area around the Ponte Vecchio in 1944. On the question of how the historic, in the core medieval buildings should be rebuilt, a vigorous debate was ignited, which also was intensively conducted in public. The debates core was about the question of wether the old center should be reconstructed exactly as it was or should a modern and contemporary solution be given priority. The art historian Bernhard Berenson and the archeologist Ranuccio Bianchi Bandinelli exemplified the position in the debate for the Florentine context. Linked to this discussion was also the question, how Italy would present itself after war and fascism as a new and democratic society. The built result can be seen as a compromise of these positions, as the new architecture is added in the center emphasized inconspicuous

Despite the consistently negative reception, it was possible to dissociate oneself in two respects from this locally located variety of post-war modernity: On the one hand, the international architectural scene and, on the other hand, its own architectural heritage which is contaminated by fascism. The reference to its own architectural heritage and the very independent appropriation of international influences should remain the basic characteristic of the »Scuola Fiorentina« until the mid-1970s
La reconstruction de Royan
Authors: Ragot Gilles
Published: October 2018

The coastal city Royan was destroyed in 1945 to 85% and was rebuild first of all by Claude Ferret and Louis Simon. The reconstruction of the city contributed significantly the formation of the modernism in the 1950’s. However, this avant-garde image did not express in the first projects, they still where in the continuity of the monumental architecture of the 1930’s. Only the revival of the architectural discourse at the end of the 1940’s led to a profound change in the urban and architectonic planning of the reconstruction, especially the publications of journals about the modern Brazilian architecture. Nowadays, the reconstructed city Royan is an example for the invention for a modern ›coastal style‹, balnéaire modern, which is also called ›1950s style‹ or style 50’. The process of reconstruction of this small resort proves to be an extraordinary object of research about the significance of culture and role models as part of every creative urban and architectural process.
miR-34a-5p
aggravates hypoxia-induced apoptosis by targeting ZEB1 in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Shi Kaiyao , Sun Huan , Zhang Hongli , Xie Di , Yu Bo
Published: October 2018

Myocardial infarction (MI) is an unsolved health problem which seriously affects human health around the world. miR-34a-5p acting as a tumor-suppressor is associated with left ventricular remodeling. We aimed to explore the functional roles of miR-34a-5p in cardiomyocytes. Hypoxia-induced cell injury in H9c2, HL-1 and human cardiac myocytes was analyzed according to the decrease of cell viability and increase of apoptosis. Expression of miR-34a-5p was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) when the concentration of O2 was decreased. Then, the effects of aberrantly expressed miR-34a-5p on proliferation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes incubated under hypoxia were assessed. Finally, the downstream protein and signaling pathways of miR-34a-5p were explored. The hypoxic model was successfully constructed after incubation under hypoxia for 48 h. When the concentration of O2 decreased, the miR-34a-5p level was increased significantly. Then, we found miR-34a-5p aggravated hypoxia-induced alterations of proliferation and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) was identified as a target of miR-34a-5p, and miR-34a-5p conferred its function via targeting ZEB1. Finally, miR-34a-5p inhibition reversed hypoxia-induced decreases of phosphorylated kinases in the JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT pathways through up-regulating ZEB1. Our study revealed that miR-34a-5p inhibition protected cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced cell injury through activating the JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT pathways by targeting ZEB1.
An Improved Analytical Solution of Population Balance Equation Involving Aggregation and Breakage via Fibonacci and Lucas Approximation Method
Authors: Pınar Zehra , Dutta Abhishek , Kassemi Mohammed , Öziş Turgut
Published: October 2018

This study presents a novel analytical solution for the Population Balance Equation (PBE) involving particulate aggregation and breakage by making use of the appropriate solution(s) of the associated complementary equation of a nonlinear PBE via Fibonacci and Lucas Approximation Method (FLAM). In a previously related study, travelling wave solutions of the complementary equation of the PBE using Auxiliary Equation Method (AEM) with sixth order nonlinearity was taken to be analogous to the description of the dynamic behavior of the particulate processes. However, in this study, the class of auxiliary equations is extended to Fibonacci and Lucas type equations with given transformations to solve the PBE. As a proof-of-concept for the novel approach, the general case when the number of particles varies with respect to time is chosen. Three cases i. e. balanced aggregation and breakage and when either aggregation or breakage can dominate are selected and solved for their corresponding analytical solution and compared with the available analytical approaches. The solution obtained using FLAM is found to be closer to the exact solution and requiring lesser parameters compared to the AEM and thereby being a more robust and reliable framework.
A randomized comparative study of herbal decoction of Cassia fistula Linn pod's pericarp and Myristica fragrans Houtt arils vs. mefenamic acid in spasmodic dysmenorrhoea
Authors: Anjum Amera , Sultana Arshiya
Published: October 2018

Background

To compare the efficacy and safety of herbal decoction (pods of Cassia fistula Linn. and Arils of Myristica fragrans Houtt) with mefenamic acid in spasmodic dysmenorrhoea.

Methods

In this single-blind, prospective, parallel, standard controlled study, dysmenorrheic patients (n=64) were randomly allocated to receive herbal decoction (n=31) or mefenamic acid (n=33) for two consecutive menstrual cycles. Treatment group received 180 mL herbal decoction of post amaltas (Cassia fistula L pod’s pericarp) (21 g), bisbasah (Myristica fragrans Houtt arils) (3 g) and qand siyah (jaggery) (30 g) which were orally administered at morning for 3 days before the expected start of menstruation. The control group received mefenamic acid 500 mg orally twice daily between day 1 and day 3 of menstruation. The primary outcomes were visual analog scale (VAS) for pain intensity, pain relief scale and the safety assessment by clinical examination and biochemical parameters. The secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life (HRQoL) determined by SF-12 health survey questionnaire, duration of pain and pictorial blood assessment chart score for menstrual blood loss. The data were statistically interpreted with 5% level of significance.

Results

At the baseline, on day 1, pain severity for VAS score between the groups [7.09 ± 1.07 vs. 6.75 ± 1.09] had no significant difference (p>0.05). However, during the second menstrual cycle, a significant reduction [0.03 + 0.17 vs. 0.42 + 1.44] in pain severity on day 1 was noted in both groups (p<0.001). During the second menstrual cycle, improvement in HRQoL health survey [SF-12 total score: 85.88 ± 5.99 vs 74.83 ± 15.9] and reduction in pain duration were significantly higher in the treatment group compared to the control group. No side effects were reported.

Conclusion

Herbal decoction was effective to relieve pain and to improve HRQoL in spasmodic dysmenorrhoea.
Pharmacological and nutritive potential of Euphorbia granulata
Authors: Ahmad Saeed , Perveen Samya , Arshad Muhammad Adeel , Rehman Tayyeba
Published: October 2018

Background

Euphorbia granulata is herb of family Euphorbiaceae having several traditional uses. The aim of the study is to summarize reported nutritional and medicinal value along with ethnomedical records.

Methods

The papers on nutritional and medicinal value of E. granulata are collected from electronic search engines (Google Scholar, PubMed). Synonyms are confirmed from “The plant List.”

Results

Pharmacological studies suggest that the extracts of E. granulata possess antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, diuretic, antiulcerative colitis and spasmolytic properties. Moreover, it is rich with nutritive components such as carbohydrates, lipid contents (saturated and unsaturated fatty acids), minerals and protein (amino acids). Toxicological data of E. granulata showed that it may be poisonous and toxic at higher doses.

Conclusion

Research studies suggest that E. granulata has sufficient pharmacological potential against several diseases including infections, gastric ulcers, anuria, oliguria and spasmodic disorders; however, more research is required to confirm its pharmacological potential. Moreover, dose fixation studies should be carried out to avoid its toxicity.
Morning vs. bedtime levothyroxine administration: what is the ideal choice for children?
Authors: Akın Onur
Published: October 2018

Background

The present study compared the administration of levothyroxine (LT4) before breakfast and bedtime in school children diagnosed with hypothyroidism and analyzed the effects of timing on thyroid functioning and patient satisfaction.

Methods

A total of 163 children with acquired hypothyroidism (125 females and 38 males) between 8 and 18 years of age and taking LT4 for at least 3 months were enrolled in the study. The timing of administration of the drug of all subjects was shifted to bedtime. The levels of thyroid hormone and blood lipid, anthropometric measurements, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale and hypothyroidism symptoms scores were analyzed and compared at the beginning of the study and 3 months later after the shift in the timing of drug administration.

Results

There was no difference between the bedtime and morning regimens of LT4 with respect to thyroid hormone levels, quality of life, drug adherence and symptoms of hypothyroidism. At the end of the study, 45 of 70 new-onset treated subjects preferred the bedtime regimen. Also, drug adherence was found to be better in these patients.

Conclusions

We found no difference between the bedtime and morning regimens in both new-onset and long-standing treated patients. In naive patients, consideration of patient’s preference for timing of drug administration may increase their adherence to medication. Therefore, we suggest that choice of drug administration timing should be based on the preference of patients.
German‑Arab encounters: A cross‑cultural Training approach
Authors: Bouchara Abdelaziz , Benyoussef Mounir
Published: October 2018

The paper addresses intercultural differences which should contribute to raising awareness of sociolinguists in particular with respect to the role religion plays in shaping talk in Arabic and to serious confusion and misunderstandings that may occur when communicators from different cultural backgrounds meet. Successful intercultural interactions are at the heart of what intercultural communication is all about. So what does it mean that Arabs interact successfully with Germans (Westerners) and vice versa? This is the focus of this paper which led to the development of an intercultural communicative competence framework (Byram 1997) based on critical incidents (Schumann 2012a/b). In utilizing such a framework, our efforts toward developing intercultural competence in our students can be included in a more comprehensive, integrated approach instead of having too much trust in the mass-market course book not necessarily always tailored to the teaching context.
“The Unhappy Mistake”: An Analysis of the Spanish Translation
Authors: Torralbo-Caballero Juan de Dios
Published: October 2018

“The Unhappy Mistake” is a short story published in the late seventeenth century that has received little attention from critics. It has historically been attributed to Aphra Behn (1640–1689), but her authorship has been questioned by renowned critics like Janet Todd, Germaine Greer and Leah Orr. This article studies the translation produced by Jesus Serrano-Reyes (published in 2008 by Siruela) in order to draw attention to some of the translation strategies applied, showing (according to the principles of the Manipulation School and Polysystem Theory) the initial norm and type of equivalence. To this end textual binomials are analysed from the source and target texts, which consist of both key sentences, phrases, expressions, and even certain words. It also takes into account the style of some characters in Behn’s work, contrasting them with their depiction in the target text, specifically the style of the gentleman from Somertshire. Attention is also paid to the content of a political nature found in the story of Miles Hardman (whose flight from his country and domestic, and his return, constitute a metaphor for the exile of King Charles II and his Restoration), both in the original text and in the translation by Serrano-Reyes.
Fachsprache in literarischen Texten: Analyse der Rechtssprache in Bernhard SchlinksDer Vorleser
Authors: Castillo Bernal María Pilar
Published: October 2018

This work focuses on the German novelDer Vorleserby Bernhard Schlink, a former Professor of Law and Judge of the Constitutional Court at North Rhine-Westphalia. After its publication in 1995, the novel quickly became part of the literary canon in Germany with high sales numbers and it was included in the syllabus for secondary schools at severalLänder. This success is due to the interest of the topics it deals with regarding the National Socialism regime: the struggle of the German society with its past and the trials around the extermination camp of Auschwitz celebrated in Frankfurt in the 60 s. This study aims at analysing the account of the trials presented in the novel. More specifically, the legal language shall be examined in the context of a literary text and the characteristics of the special language found in the novel shall be checked against relevant studies on legal texts. The main purpose is to establish to what extent special language used in a literary text presents the same features that can be detected in a specialised text.
Veterans, the hidden wounds of war, and soul repair
Authors: Grimell Jan
Published: October 2018

To better understand how deployment in war zones and/or combat may inflict emotional wounds upon veterans, researchers, clinicians, and caregivers it was recently started to focus on the concepts of moral and spiritual injuries. Such injuries may remain undiscovered during psychiatric screening for posttraumatic stress disorder. What is often missing, however, is a conceptualization of the part of the self which is implicitly related to emotional wounds caused by moral and spiritual injuries. This article utilizes a number of historical and contemporary conceptualizations of what is called the soul, and their implications for pastoral and spiritual care of emotionally wounded veterans. Moreover, it explores the use of biblical stories in pastoral and spiritual care among veterans suffering from moral and spiritual injuries.
Disagreeing Evaluations for Slug Tests in Monitoring Wells: Importance of Standards
Authors: Chapuis Robert P.
Published: October 2018

Hundreds of variable-head permeability (slug) tests were carried out in monitoring wells to assess the hydraulic conductivity, K, of an unconfined sand-and-gravel aquifer and, after that, the migration of contaminants. The pollution case has generated a legal dispute about the loss of many water supply wells and major health issues. The experts for the defendants had analyzed the slug test data with methods that differ from the standards. For the legal issues, the author reanalyzed all test data and made all verifications as required by standards. The new K values were about three times higher than the initial values obtained without respect to the standards, a major difference. The divergence was solved by studying the statistical distributions of K values. The initial values were too low to explain the high K values obtained with pumping tests, but the new K values correctly explained them. The new K values predicted groundwater velocity values at least three times higher than the initial values predicted with K values obtained without following the standards. These higher velocities were confirmed by field tracer tests performed by independent companies that designed and operated field pilot tests for decontaminating groundwater. The capacity to reconcile medium-scale tests (slug tests in monitoring wells) and large-scale tests (pumping tests in large wells) forms new evidence that strengthens the reasons for why it is important to follow the standards and make the required verifications.
Analysis of Vertical Piles Embedded in Organic Soil under Oblique Pull-Out Load
Authors: Hamed Majid , Canakci Hanifi , Nasr Ahmed
Published: October 2018

Experiments regarding single model piles embedded in organic soil were conducted to determine the effect of pile type and soil density on ultimate pile oblique pull-out loads. Wood, steel, and smooth as well as rough concrete piles with diameters of 20 mm and embedment lengths of 200, 400, and 600 mm (length-to-diameter ratio L/D of 10, 20, and 30) were examined. The pull load was applied at an inclination of 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° to the vertical axis of the pile. For each inclination angle, ultimate pull-out capacity was determined from load-displacement curves. Test results indicate that ultimate pull-out capacity increased with an increase in L/D ratio. While there was an increase in the pull-out load resistance of wood, steel, and smooth concrete piles when the angle of load inclination increased, there was a decrease in the pull-out load resistance of rough concrete piles when the load inclination angle exceeded 30°. Moreover, ultimate load capacity decreased when soil density decreased. Lateral pull-out capacity exceeded the axial uplift capacity of the steel, wood, and smooth concrete piles, and there was a slight increase in the ultimate load capacity of the rough concrete pile. The ultimate resistance of the piles was calculated theoretically via a semiempirical method and compared with test results. A comparison of the measured and predicted values indicated reasonable agreement pertaining to rough concrete piles and a disconnect regarding the other piles.
Revisiting the Temperature Gradient Method
Authors: Hernández-Morales B. , Cruces-Reséndez R. , Téllez-Martínez J. S.
Published: October 2018

Cooling curve analysis has emerged as a preferred method to characterize the cooling power of quenching media. This methodology is based on measuring the local cooling curve in a laboratory-scale probe using thermocouples. Several methods have been proposed to analyze cooling curves. Among them, the temperature gradient method (TGM) developed by Professor Liščić uses cooling curves measured at the surface and 1.5 mm below the surface of a cylindrical probe (the Liščić-Nanmac probe) to calculate the surface heat flux during quenching. In this work, we measured the thermal response at a location near the surface of cylindrical probes, fabricated with AISI 304 stainless steel, with two different geometries (conical- and hemispherical-end) during quenching from 850°C with water at 60°C, flowing parallel to the probe’s longitudinal axis. Together with the probe geometry, the experimental matrix included two values of water velocity (0.2 and 0.6 m/s). The data was used to estimate the surface heat flux and thermal response at the probe surface by solving a one-dimensional inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP) without phase change. The TGM was then applied to re-estimate the surface heat flux using the cooling curves at the subsurface (measured) and at the surface (estimated by solving the IHCP). The surface thermal gradient computed solving the IHCP is higher and, therefore, the surface heat flux estimated solving the IHCP is also higher than the value calculated with the TGM. The hemispherical-end probe delays the rupture of the vapor film, producing low values of the surface temperature at the time of maximum heat extraction; this results in extremely high values of the heat-transfer coefficient, which precludes the use of this geometry in conjunction with the TGM. The thermal profiles are parabolic, which restricts the maximum depth at which a subsurface thermocouple may be placed to use the TGM confidently.