bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lack of Change in the Projected Frequency and Persistence of Atmospheric Circulation Types Over Central Europe
Authors: Huguenin Maurice F. , Fischer Erich M. , Kotlarski Sven , Scherrer Simon C. , Schwierz Cornelia , Knutti Reto
Published: April 2020

In recent summers, Europe experienced record‐breaking heatwaves, wildfires (in Northern Europe), and large‐scale water scarcity. Apart from anthropogenic warming, one contribution leading to such exceptionally hot weather was a weaker jet stream allowing a quasi‐stationary high‐pressure system to persist for many days. Here, we quantify changes in the frequency and persistence of the Central European large‐scale circulation types using various climate models. Independent of the circulation type, the models project warmer and drier future summer conditions in Central Europe, but no consistent shift to a more persistent summer or winter circulation. Most of the frequency and persistence changes are small and either within the internal variability or inconsistent across models. The model projections in this study do not support the claim of more persistent weather over Central Europe. Reconciling the results of different approaches and classifications is therefore critical to understand and predict changes in extreme weather over Europe.
Temporal Magnetotellurics Reveals Mechanics of the 2012 Mount Tongariro, NZ, Eruption
Authors: Hill Graham J. , Bibby Hugh M. , Peacock Jared , Wallin Erin L. , Ogawa Yasuo , Caricchi Luca , Keys Harry , Bennie Stewart L. , Avram Yann
Published: April 2020

Monitoring dynamics of volcanic eruptions with geophysics is challenging. In August and November 2012, two small eruptions from Mount Tongariro provided a unique opportunity to image subsurface changes caused by the eruptions. A detailed magnetotelluric survey of the Tongariro volcanic complex completed prior to the eruption (2008–2010) provides the preeruption structure of the magmatic system. A subset of the initial measurement locations was reoccupied in June 2013. Significant changes were observed in phase tensor data at sites close to the eruptive center. Although subsurface electrical resistivity changed, the geometry of the preeruptive reservoir did not. These subsurface resistivity variations are interpreted as being predominantly caused by interaction of partial melt and the overlying brine layer causing volume reduction of the brine layer through phreatic eruption. The ability to detect significant changes associated with the magma reservoir suggests that magnetotellurics can be a valuable volcano monitoring tool.
Upper Mantle Deformation of the Terror Rift and Northern Transantarctic Mountains in Antarctica: Insight From P Wave Anisotropic Tomography
Authors: Zhang Heng , Zhao Dapeng , Ju Changhui , Li Yunyue Elita , Li Guohui , Ding Min , Chen Shuze , Zhao Junmeng
Published: April 2020

A large number of teleseismic traveltime data are used to determine the first P‐wave radial anisotropy tomography beneath the Terror Rift, the northern Transantarctic Mountains (NTAM) and the Wilkes Subglacial Basin in Antarctica. Our results show that variations of radial anisotropy occur in both horizontal and vertical directions. In the NTAM, a high‐velocity zone with positive radial anisotropy is revealed at shallower depths, which reflects the lithospheric deformation pattern formed during the Ross Orogeny. In contrast, negative radial anisotropy appears at depths >200 km under the NTAM, which is caused by the characterization of olivine fabric rather than foundering lithosphere. Beneath the western Wilkes Subglacial Basin, a two‐layer lithosphere exists that contains rift‐induced cracks. To the east of the NTAM, asthenospheric upwelling occurs at shallow depths beneath the Terror Rift. Then the upwelling asthenosphere flows northward to Mount Melbourne and southward to Mount Erebus.
Ultramafic Rock Carbonation: Constraints From Listvenite Core BT1B, Oman Drilling Project
Authors: Beinlich A. , Plümper O. , Boter E. , Müller I. A. , Kourim F. , Ziegler M. , Harigane Y. , Lafay R. , Kelemen P. B. ,   the Oman Drilling Project Science Team
Published: April 2020

The occurrence of the quartz‐carbonate alteration assemblage (listvenite) in ophiolites indicates that ultramafic rock represents an effective sink for dissolved CO2. However, the majority of earlier studies of ultramafic rock carbonation had to rely on the surface exposure of reaction textures and field relationships. Here we present the first observations on ultramafic rock alteration obtained from the 300 m deep BT1B drill hole, ICDP Oman Drilling Project, allowing for a continuous and high‐resolution investigation. Hole BT1B recovered continuous drill core intersecting surface alluvium, 200 m of altered ultramafic rock comprising mainly listvenite and minor serpentinite bands at 90 and 180 m depth, and 100 m of the underlying metamorphic sole. Textural evidence suggests that the carbonation of fully serpentinized harzburgite commenced by non‐equilibrium growth of spheroidal carbonate characterized by sectorial zoning resulting from radially oriented low‐angle boundaries. In the serpentinite, carbonate spheroids are composed of alternating magnesite cores and dolomite rims, whereas texturally similar carbonate in the listvenite is composed of Fe‐rich magnesite cores and Ca‐Fe‐rich magnesite rims. The distinct compositions and mineral inclusions indicate that the carbonation extent was controlled by fluid accessibility resulting in the simultaneous formation of limited carbonate in the serpentinite bands and complete carbonation in the listvenite parts of BT1B. The presence of euhedral magnesite overgrowing spheroidal carbonate in the listvenite suggests near‐equilibrium conditions during the final stage of carbonation. The carbonate clumped isotope thermometry constrains carbonate crystallization between 50 °C and 250 °C, implying repeated infiltration of reactive fluids during ophiolite uplift and cooling.
Improved Internal Wave Spectral Continuum in a Regional Ocean Model
Authors: Nelson A. D. , Arbic B. K. , Menemenlis D. , Peltier W. R. , Alford M. H. , Grisouard N. , Klymak J. M.
Published: April 2020

Recent work demonstrates that high‐resolution global models forced simultaneously by atmospheric fields and the astronomical tidal potential contain a partial internal (gravity) wave (IW) spectral continuum. Regional simulations of the MITgcm forced at the horizontal boundaries by a global run that carries a partial IW continuum spectrum are performed at the same grid spacing as the global run and at finer grid spacings in an attempt to fill out more of the IW spectral continuum. Decreasing only the horizontal grid spacing from 2 to 0.25 km greatly improves the frequency spectra and slightly improves the vertical wavenumber spectra of the horizontal velocity. Decreasing only the vertical grid spacing by a factor of 3 does not yield any significant improvements. Decreasing both horizontal and vertical grid spacings yields the greatest degree of improvement, filling the frequency spectrum out to 72 cpd. Our results suggest that improved IW spectra in regional models are possible if they are run at finer grid spacings and are forced at their lateral boundaries by remotely generated IWs. Additionally, consistency relations demonstrate that improvements in the spectra are indeed due to the existence of IWs at higher frequencies and vertical wavenumbers when remote IW forcing is included and model grid spacings decrease. By being able to simulate an IW spectral continuum to 0.25 km scales, these simulations demonstrate that one may be able to track the energy pathways of IWs from generation to dissipation and improve the understanding of processes such as IW‐driven mixing.
Strength of Linkages Between Dust and Circulation Over North Africa: Results From a Coupled Modeling System With Active Dust
Authors: Jordan Asha K. , Zaitchik Benjamin F. , Gnanadesikan Anand , Kim Dongchul , Badr Hamada S.
Published: April 2020

North African dust aerosol and climate are known to covary, but modeling studies are uncertain as to whether this covariation arises from a positive feedback loop. This study aims to improve our understanding of the strength of the relationship between dust and climate over the Sahel. A fully coupled meteorology‐land‐aerosol model (NU‐WRF) is applied to simulate mineral dust emission and transport over North Africa from prerainy season to postrainy season (March–October) for the years 2002–2016; results are compared to estimates from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS), the NASA Modern‐Era Reanalysis for Research and Applications v2 (MERRA‐2), the MERRA‐2 Global Modeling Initiative (GMI), and the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). Two model configurations (Dust‐On and Dust‐Off) are used to investigate the regional dust‐atmosphere coupling during the Sahelian rainy season by assessing the influence of land surface conditions and near‐surface meteorology on dust emission, and the impacts of dust on the atmospheric circulation features linked to climate and dust variability. Results show that coupling appears to be weak on interannual timescales, as interannual variability in dust load and dust impacts on atmospheric circulations is modest. NU‐WRF captures the general spatial and temporal variability in dust, though it underestimates the burden during dusty months, as compared to observational and reanalysis products. Model emission and transport processes during the dustiest months are consistent with other data products, and differences appear to be wind driven. Though the impacts of mineral dust on climatological summertime atmospheric circulation patterns are small, these impacts are consistent with weakened monsoon flow and a southward narrowing of the rain belt.
Stronger Global Warming on Nonrainy Days in Observations From China
Authors: Du Muye , Kleidon Axel , Sun Fubao , Renner Maik , Liu Wenbin
Published: April 2020

Nonrainy days have rather different hydrologic and radiative conditions than rainy days, but few investigations considered how these different conditions contribute to the observed global warming. Here, we show that global warming is considerably stronger on nonrainy days using observations from China. We find that trends in mean temperature on nonrainy days are about 0.1 ° C/10 yr higher than on rainy days, and that about 80% of the total temperature increase is contributed by nonrainy days. The main reason is likely to be a stronger sensitivity of downwelling longwave radiation to greenhouse forcing on nonrainy days due to fewer clouds and water vapor compared with rainy days, which is not a hydrological effect but mainly a radiative effect. Our findings are consistent with the stronger mean temperature trends in drier regions and imply that the different temperature sensitivities on nonrainy and rainy days may have profound effects on natural and social systems.
Influence of Enhanced Planetary Wave Activity on the Polar Vortex Enhancement Related to Energetic Electron Precipitation
Authors: Asikainen Timo , Salminen Antti , Maliniemi Ville , Mursula Kalevi
Published: April 2020

The Northern polar vortex experiences considerable interannual variability, which is also reflected to tropospheric weather. Recent research has established a link between polar vortex variations and energetic electron precipitation (EEP) from the near‐Earth space into the polar atmosphere, which is mediated by EEP‐induced chemical changes causing ozone loss in the mesosphere and stratosphere. The most dramatic changes in the polar vortex are due to sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). Enhanced planetary wave convergence and meridional circulation may cause an SSW, a temporary breakdown of the polar vortex. Here we study the relation of SSWs to the atmospheric response to EEP in 1957–2017 using combined ERA‐40 and ERA‐Interim reanalysis data and geomagnetic activity as a proxy of EEP. We find that the EEP‐related enhancement of the polar vortex and other associated dynamical responses are seen only during winters when an SSW occurs and that the EEP‐related changes are observed systematically slightly before the SSW onset.

We show that during these times, the planetary wave activity into the stratosphere is systematically increased, thus favoring enhanced wave‐mean‐flow interaction, which can dynamically amplify the initial polar vortex enhancement caused by ozone loss. These results highlight the importance of considering planetary wave activity as a necessary condition for observing the effects of EEP on the polar vortex.
Joint Inversion of Daily and Long‐Period Geomagnetic Transfer Functions Reveals Lateral Variations in Mantle Water Content
Authors: Munch F. D. , Grayver A. V. , Guzavina M. , Kuvshinov A. V. , Khan A.
Published: April 2020

We present a novel approach to investigate variations in upper mantle and transition zone (MTZ) water content based on the joint analysis of electromagnetic (EM) signals originating in the ionosphere and magnetosphere. We invert EM signals (period range 6 hr to 85 days) to probe the electrical conductivity structure underneath 20 geomagnetic observatories, accounting for the complex spatial structure of the ionospheric and magnetospheric sources. The joint inversion of EM data for the daily and long‐period bands leads to significantly improved resolution in the upper mantle and MTZ. The conductivity profiles reveal significant lateral variability, which we interpret in terms of mantle water content by coupling electrical conductivity with constrains on mantle thermochemical structure derived from the analysis of seismic data. Our results suggest the existence of a relatively dry MTZ beneath Europe and a water‐enriched MTZ underneath North America and northern Asia.
Advances in the Lead Time of Sahel Rainfall Prediction With the North American Multimodel Ensemble
Authors: Giannini A. , Ali A. , Kelley C. P. , Lamptey B. L. , Minoungou B. , Ndiaye O.
Published: April 2020

We assess the deterministic skill in seasonal climate predictions of Sahel rainfall made with the North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME). We find that skill for a regionally averaged rainfall index is essentially the same for forecasts for the July–September target season made as early as February/March and as late as June. The two dominant influences on the climate of the Sahel, the North Atlantic and the global tropical oceans, shape this predictability. Multimodel ensemble skill hinges on the combination of skillful predictions of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation made with one model (CMC2‐CanCM4) with those of North Atlantic sea surface temperatures made with another (NASA‐GEOSS2S).
Toward a Universal Frequency of Occurrence Distribution for Tsunamis: Statistical Analysis of a 32‐Year Bottom Pressure Record at Axial Seamount
Authors: Fine Isaac V. , Thomson Richard E. , Chadwick William W. , Fox Christopher G.
Published: April 2020

Detailed examination of a 32‐year record of high‐resolution bottom pressure measurements at Axial Seamount (and vicinity) in the northeast Pacific identified a total of 41 tsunamis between 1986 and 2018. All of the events were associated with tsunamigenic earthquakes with magnitudes of 7.0 and greater. Statistical analysis of the data reveals that the time series of maximum tsunami amplitude and root‐mean‐square (RMS) tsunami amplitude follow strict power‐law distributions, with considerably less deviation than for coastal tide gauge records. The high statistical reliability of the seamount record is attributable to the long duration of the observations and to the low signal‐to‐noise ratio of digital open‐ocean bottom pressure records. The power law for the RMS tsunami amplitude is especially stable and follows a pure Pareto distribution (with exponent, β = 1.24) even when the minimum threshold is increased to the point that only a few events remain in the time series.
The Badhwar‐O'Neill 2020 GCR Model
Authors: Slaba T. C. , Whitman K.
Published: April 2020

The Badhwar‐O'Neill (BON) model has been used for some time to describe the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) environment encountered in deep space by astronauts and sensitive electronics. The most recent version of the model, BON2014, was calibrated to available measurements to reduce model errors for particles and energies of significance to astronaut exposure. Although subsequent studies showed the model to be reasonably accurate for such applications, modifications to the sunspot number (SSN) classification system and a large number of new high‐precision measurements suggested the need to develop an improved and more capable model. In this work, the BON2020 model is described. The new model relies on daily integral flux from the Advanced Composition Explorer Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer (ACE/CRIS) to describe solar activity. For time periods not covered by ACE/CRIS, the updated international SSN database is used. Parameters in the new model are calibrated to available data, which include the new Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS‐02) and Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light‐nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) high‐precision measurements. It is found that the BON2020 model is a significant improvement over BON2014. Systematic bias associated with BON2014 has been removed. The average relative error of the BON2020 model compared to all available measurements is found to be <1%, and BON2020 is found to be within ±15% of a large fraction of the available measurements (26,269 of 27,646 → 95%).
High-efficiency second-order nonlinear processes in an optical microfibre assisted by few-layer GaSe
Authors: Jiang Biqiang , Hao Zhen , Ji Yafei , Hou Yueguo , Yi Ruixuan , Mao Dong , Gan Xuetao , Zhao Jianlin
Published: April 2020

The centrosymmetric nature of silica fibre precludes the realisation of second-order nonlinear processes in optical fibre systems. Recently, the integration of 2D materials with optical fibres has opened up a great opportunity to develop all-fibre active devices. Here, we demonstrate high-efficiency second-order nonlinear frequency conversions in an optical microfibre assisted with few-layer gallium selenide (GaSe) nanoflakes. Attributed to the strong evanescent field of the microfibre and ultrahigh second-order nonlinearity of the GaSe nanoflakes, second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) are effectively achieved with only sub-milliwatt continuous-wave (CW) lasers in the wavelength range of 1500–1620 nm, covering the C and L telecom bands. The SHG intensity from the microfibre is enhanced by more than four orders of magnitude with the assistance of the GaSe nanoflakes on fibre nonlinear processes. Moreover, in the SFG process, the intensity transfer between different frequencies can be effectively manipulated by changing the wavelengths and powers of two pump lasers. The realised strong second-order nonlinearity in the GaSe-integrated microfibre might expand the applications of all-fibre devices in all-optical signal processing and new light source generation at awkward wavelengths.
Integrated DNA methylation analysis reveals a potential role for ANKRD30B in Williams syndrome
Authors: Kimura Ryo , Lardenoije Roy , Tomiwa Kiyotaka , Funabiki Yasuko , Nakata Masatoshi , Suzuki Shiho , Awaya Tomonari , Kato Takeo , Okazaki Shin , Murai Toshiya , Heike Toshio , Rutten Bart P. F. , Hagiwara Masatoshi
Published: April 2020

Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder, caused by a microdeletion at the 7q11.23 region. WS exhibits a wide spectrum of features including hypersociability, which contrasts with social deficits typically associated with autism spectrum disorders. The phenotypic variability in WS likely involves epigenetic modifications; however, the nature of these events remains unclear. To better understand the role of epigenetics in WS phenotypes, we integrated DNA methylation and gene expression profiles in blood from patients with WS and controls. From these studies, 380 differentially methylated positions (DMPs), located throughout the genome, were identified. Systems-level analysis revealed multiple co-methylation modules linked to intermediate phenotypes of WS, with the top-scoring module related to neurogenesis and development of the central nervous system. Notably,ANKRD30B, a promising hub gene, was significantly hypermethylated in blood and downregulated in brain tissue from individuals with WS. Most CpG sites ofANKRD30Bin blood were significantly correlated with brain regions. Furthermore, analyses of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) yielded master regulator transcription factors associated with WS. Taken together, this systems-level approach highlights the role of epigenetics in WS, and provides a possible explanation for the complex phenotypes observed in patients with WS.
Correction: miR-27a is a master regulator of metabolic reprogramming and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer
Authors: Barisciano Giovannina , Colangelo Tommaso , Rosato Valeria , Muccillo Livio , Taddei Maria Letizia , Ippolito Luigi , Chiarugi Paola , Galgani Mario , Bruzzaniti Sara , Matarese Giuseppe , Fassan Matteo , Agostini Marco , Bergamo Francesca , Pucciarelli Salvatore , Carbone Annalucia , Mazzoccoli Gianluigi , Colantuoni Vittorio , Bianchi Fabrizio , Sabatino Lina
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Blocking GSDMD processing in innate immune cells but not in hepatocytes protects hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Li Jichang , Zhao Jie , Xu Min , Li Meng , Wang Bingrui , Qu Xiaoye , Yu Chang , Hang Hualian , Xia Qiang , Wu Hailong , Sun Xuehua , Gu Jinyang , Kong Xiaoni
Published: April 2020

Pyroptosis, a proinflammatory form of programmed cell death, plays important roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Inflammasome activation, which has been shown in hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), is demonstrated to be closely associated with pyroptosis, indicating that pyroptosis may occur and perform functions in hepatic IRI. However, there is no direct evidence showing the function of pyroptosis in hepatic IRI. In this study, by detecting the pyroptosis markers, we showed that pyroptosis may be induced during hepatic IRI. Furthermore, by adopting caspase-1 inhibitors, we showed that inhibition of pyroptosis could significantly ameliorate liver injury and suppress inflammatory response during hepatic IRI. Interestingly, caspase-1 inhibitors have no protective effects on in vitro hepatocytes under hypoxic reoxygenation condition. To investigate pyroptosis induced in which specific cell types may affect hepatic IRI, we generated hepatocyte-specific Gsdmd-knockout (Hep-Gsdmd−/−) and myeloid-specific Gsdmd-knockout (LysmCre+Gsdmdf/f) mice. Functional experiments showed that compared to control mice (Gsdmdf/f), there were alleviated liver injury and inflammation in LysmCre+Gsdmdf/f mice, but not in AlbCre+Gsdmdf/f mice. In parallel in vitro studies, cytokine expression and production decreased in bone-marrow-derived macrophages and Kupffer cells from LysmCre+Gsdmdf/f mice compared to their controls. Our findings demonstrated that pyroptosis in innate immune cells aggravates hepatic IRI and implied that hepatic IRI could be protected by blocking pyroptosis, which may become a potential therapeutic target in the clinic.
A tumor-specific modulation of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A0 promotes excessive mitosis and growth in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Konishi Hiroaki , Fujiya Mikihiro , Kashima Shin , Sakatani Aki , Dokoshi Tatsuya , Ando Katsuyoshi , Ueno Nobuhiro , Iwama Takuya , Moriichi Kentaro , Tanaka Hiroki , Okumura Toshikatsu
Published: April 2020

RNA regulation mediating RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been shown to be related to the maintenance of homeostasis as well as cancer progression. However, the tumor-associated functions as well as the detailed mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor effects of most RBPs have yet to be explored. We herein report that the phosphorylated heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A0 promotes mitosis through the RAS-associated protein 3 GTPase-activating protein catalytic subunit 1 (RAB3GAP1)-Zeste white 10 interactor (ZWINT1) cascade. The downregulation assay of 20 representative hnRNPs, a major family of RNA-binding proteins, in colorectal cancer cells revealed that hnRNPA0 is a strong regulator of cancer cell growth. The tumor promotive function of hnRNPA0 was confirmed in gastrointestinal cancer cells, including pancreatic, esophageal, and gastric cancer cells, but not in non-cancerous cells. Flow cytometry and Western blotting analyses revealed that hnRNPA0 inhibited the apoptosis through the maintenance of G2/M phase promotion in colorectal cancer cells. A comprehensive analysis of mRNAs regulated by hnRNP A0 and immunostaining revealed that mitotic events were regulated by the hnRNPA0-RAB3GAP1 mRNA-mediated ZWINT-1 stabilization in colorectal cancer cells, but not in non-tumorous cells. The interaction of hnRNP A0 with mRNAs was dramatically changed by the deactivation of its phosphorylation site in cancer cells, but not in non-tumorous cells. Therefore, the tumor-specific biological functions characterized by the abnormal phosphorylation of RBPs are considered to be an attractive target for tumor treatment.
Author Correction: Magnesium Oxide (MgO) pH-sensitive Sensing Membrane in Electrolyte-Insulator-Semiconductor Structures with CF4 Plasma Treatment
Authors: Kao Chyuan-Haur , Chang Chia Lung , Su Wei Ming , Chen Yu Tzu , Lu Chien Cheng , Lee Yu Shan , Hong Chen Hao , Lin Chan-Yu , Chen Hsiang
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Chloropicophyceae, a new class of picophytoplanktonic prasinophytes
Authors: Lopes dos Santos Adriana , Pollina Thibaut , Gourvil Priscillia , Corre Erwan , Marie Dominique , Garrido José Luis , Rodríguez Francisco , Noël Mary-Hélène , Vaulot Daniel , Eikrem Wenche
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Strong enhancement of gold nanoparticle chemiresistor response to low-partitioning organic analytes induced by pre-exposure to high partitioning organics
Authors: Müller Karl-Heinz , Patel Nereus , Hubble Lee J. , Cooper James S. , Chow Edith
Published: April 2020

A method to enhance the gold nanoparticle sensor response to weak analytes is demonstrated by pre-exposing the sensor to an analyte which elicits a strong response. This weak analyte effectively reduces the strong analyte interaction with the sensor.
H/D isotopic exchange between methane and a proton-conducting oxide: theory and experiment
Authors: Ananyev Maxim V. , Zakharov Dmitriy M.
Published: April 2020

A novel theoretical model was proposed to study methane activation on a solid. H/D methane isotopic exchange was carried out with La0.95Sr0.05ScO3−δ. The kinetics of methane activation were analysed based on a two-step mechanism.
Surface stability of perovskite oxides under OER operating conditions: a first principles approach
Authors: Raman Abhinav S. , Patel Roshan , Vojvodic Aleksandra
Published: April 2020

Understanding the surface stability of perovskite oxides under OER operating conditions is crucial for the atomistic design of electrocatalysts for electrochemical water-splitting.
Facile fabrication of a vanadium nitride/carbon fiber composite for half/full sodium-ion and potassium-ion batteries with long-term cycling performance
Authors: Xu Lihong , Xiong Peixun , Zeng Lingxing , Liu Renpin , Liu Junbin , Luo Fenqiang , Li Xinye , Chen Qinghua , Wei Mingdeng , Qian Qingrong
Published: April 2020

A VN/CNF composite was fabricated as an anode material exhibiting superior performance for half/full sodium-ion and potassium-ion batteries.
An accurate free energy estimator: based on MM/PBSA combined with interaction entropy for protein–ligand binding affinity
Authors: Huang Kaifang , Luo Song , Cong Yalong , Zhong Susu , Zhang John Z. H. , Duan Lili
Published: April 2020

Modifying the energy term and considering the entropic contribution by IE method significantly improve the accuracy of predicted binding free energy in MM/PBSA method.
Testing the predictive power of theory for PdxIr(100−x) alloy nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Guo Hongyu , Trindell Jamie A. , Li Hao , Fernandez Desiree , Humphrey Simon M. , Henkelman Graeme , Crooks Richard M.
Published: April 2020

PdxIr(100−x) alloys synthesized via a microwave-assisted polyol method serve as an ideal experimental system to improve theoretical insight of the material properties towards the ORR.
A stabilized PEO-based solid electrolyte via a facile interfacial engineering method for a high voltage solid-state lithium metal battery
Authors: Qiu Jiliang , Yang Lufeng , Sun Guochen , Yu Xiqian , Li Hong , Chen Liquan
Published: April 2020

A facile interfacial engineering method was developed to achieve stable cycling of a Li/PEO–LiTFSI/LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 solid-state battery at 4.2 V.
Correction: Aqueous electrocatalytic CO2 reduction using metal complexes dispersed in polymer ion gels
Authors: Sato Shunsuke , McNicholas Brendon J. , Grubbs Robert H.
Published: April 2020

Correction for ‘Aqueous electrocatalytic CO2 reduction using metal complexes dispersed in polymer ion gels’ by Shunsuke Sato et al., Chem. Commun., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00791a.
Composition, crystallography, and oxygen vacancy ordering impacts on the oxygen ion conductivity of lanthanum strontium ferrite
Authors: Das Tridip , Nicholas Jason D. , Qi Yue
Published: April 2020

The oxygen conductivity map for LSF illustrates the impact of aliovalent doping, crystal structure, and oxygen vacancy interactions on conductivity.
Bi-stimuli assisted engineering and control of magnetic phase in monolayer CrOCl
Authors: Nair A. K. , Rani S. , Kamalakar M. Venkata , Ray S. J.
Published: April 2020

Magnetic phase control in two-dimensional CrOCl can be achieved through the application of strain and electric field. This leads to a ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic phase transition and remarkable enhancement of the Curie temperature to 450 K.
Symmetry controlled photo-selection and charge separation in butadiyne-bridged donor–bridge–acceptor compounds
Authors: Li Xiao , Valdiviezo Jesús , Banziger Susannah D. , Zhang Peng , Ren Tong , Beratan David N. , Rubtsov Igor V.
Published: April 2020

Electron transfer (ET) in donor–bridge–acceptor (DBA) compounds featuring alkyne bridges depends strongly on the torsion angle between the donor and acceptor.
Characterization of bioactive compounds in defatted hempseed (Cannabis sativaL.) by UHPLC-HRMS/MS and anti-inflammatory activity in primary human monocytes
Authors: Rea Martinez Julio , Montserrat-de la Paz Sergio , De la Puerta Rocío , García-Giménez M. Dolores , Fernández-Arche M. Ángeles
Published: April 2020

Anti-inflammatory effects on human monocytes by phenolic amides present in defatted hempseed fractions (Cannabis sativaL.).
Mechanisms forLactobacillus rhamnosustreatment of intestinal infection by drug-resistantEscherichia coli
Authors: Li Na , Pang Bing , Li Junjun , Liu Guanwen , Xu Xiaoguang , Shao Dongyan , Jiang Chunmei , Yang Baowei , Shi Junling
Published: April 2020

Reducing the viability of pathogens may also play an important role for the therapeutic effects ofLactobacillus rhamnosusSHA113 against multiple-drug-resistantE. coli, as well as influencing on the intestinal integrity and functions of animals.
Oleuropein and its peracetylated derivative negatively regulate osteoclastogenesis by controlling the expression of genes involved in osteoclast differentiation and function
Authors: Rosillo Maria Angeles , Montserrat-de-la-Paz Sergio , Abia Rocio , Castejon Maria Luisa , Millan-Linares Maria Carmen , Alarcon-de-la-Lastra Catalina , Fernandez-Bolaños Jose G. , Muriana Francisco J. G.
Published: April 2020

OL and Per-OL impair transcriptional gene circuits able to support osteoclastogenesis from human blood monocytes.
Development of a method for the direct determination of fluorine in solid samples using electrothermal vaporization coupled to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
Authors: Maung Patricia , Beauchemin Diane
Published: April 2020

ETV-ICPOES in atomic emission mode allows the direct determination of as low as 30 μg kg−1 fluorine in solid samples.
Al3+ triggered aggregation induced emission of an anthracence based azine derivative in SDS medium
Authors: Khanra Somnath , Ta Sabyasachi , Ghosh Milan , Chatterjee Sudeshna , Mukherjee Pallabi , Das Debasis
Published: April 2020

Single crystal X-ray structurally characterized anthracene appended unsymmetrical azine derivative, viz. 4-(anthracen-9-ylmethylene-hydrazonomethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol (L5) shows Al3+ assisted aggregation induced emission in SDS medium.
l-DOPA modulates the kinetics but not the thermodynamic equilibrium of TTA+amphiphiles forming lyotropic nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Ruiz-Fernández Álvaro R. , Villanelo Felipe , Gutierrez-Maldonado Sebastian E. , Pareja-Barrueto Claudia , Weiss-López Boris E. , Perez-Acle Tomas
Published: April 2020

l-DOPA modulates the dive in mechanism of bicelles with potential use as drug delivery systems.
The construction of fluorophoric thiazolo-[2,3-b]quinazolinone derivatives: a multicomponent domino synthetic approach
Authors: Mohanta Prajna Parimita , Pati Hari Narayan , Behera Ajaya Kumar
Published: April 2020

A library of unique fluorophoric thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolinones were synthesized under acid catalyzed one pot microwave irradiation technique.
A redox-sensitive core-crosslinked nanosystem combined with ultrasound for enhanced deep penetration of nanodiamonds into tumors
Authors: Li Meixuan , Li Qianyan , Hou Wei , Zhang Jingni , Ye Hemin , Li Huanan , Zeng Deping , Bai Jin
Published: April 2020

A redox-sensitive core-crosslinked nanosystem is developed as a drug vehicle combined with ultrasound for efficient enhanced deep penetration of nanodiamonds into tumors.
Comb-shaped cardo poly(arylene ether nitrile sulfone) anion exchange membranes: significant impact of nitrile group content on morphology and properties
Authors: Lai Ao Nan , Hu Peng Cheng , Zhu Rong Yu , Yin Qi , Zhou Shu Feng
Published: April 2020

A series of comb-shaped cardo poly(arylene ether nitrile sulfone) (CCPENS-x) materials were synthesized by varying the content of nitrile groups as anion exchange membranes (AEMs).
Ru-catalysed oxidative cyclisation of 1,5-dienes: an unprecedented role for the co-oxidant
Authors: Hussein Aqeel A.
Published: April 2020

The Ru-mediated oxidative cyclisation of 1,5-dienes to THF-diols proceeds with the intermediacy of NaIO4-complexed Ru(vi) species and offers new insights into the Ru-catalysed functionalizations of alkenes and 1,5-dienes.
Multifaceted property tailoring of polyamide 6 by blending miscible and immiscible components: ternary blends of polyamide 6/polyethylene terephthalate/phenol novolac
Authors: Hirai Takayuki , Onochi Yusaku , Kawada Jumpei
Published: April 2020

Properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) under hygrothermal conditions are improved by blending polyethylene terephthalate (PET, immiscible) and phenol novolac (PN, miscible).
Iron porphyrin catalysed light driven C–H bond amination and alkene aziridination with organic azides
Authors: Du Yi-Dan , Zhou Cong-Ying , To Wai-Pong , Wang Hai-Xu , Che Chi-Ming
Published: April 2020

An iron(iii) porphyrin catalysed sp3 C–H amination and alkene aziridination with broad substrate scope under mild conditions is conducted, with selectivity through the use of organic azides as the nitrogen source under blue LED light irradiation.
Chitosan cross-linked poly(aminoanthraquinone)/Prussian blue ternary nitrogen precursor-derived Fe–N–C oxygen reduction catalysts for microbial fuel cells and zinc–air batteries
Authors: Zhang Guoquan , Li Li , Chen Mengyao , Yang Fenglin
Published: April 2020

A chitosan cross-linked poly(1,5-diaminoanthraquinone)/Prussian blue (PDAA/PB) ternary nitrogen precursor-derived Fe–N–C/800-HT2 catalyst shows highly efficient ORR activity for MFCs and Zn–air batteries.
Understanding the mechanism of byproduct formation with in operando synchrotron techniques and its effects on the electrochemical performance of VO2(B) nanoflakes in aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries
Authors: Pang Qiang , Zhao Hainan , Lian Ruqian , Fu Qiang , Wei Yingjin , Sarapulova Angelina , Sun Junqi , Wang Chunzhong , Chen Gang , Ehrenberg Helmut
Published: April 2020

The byproduct protects the vanadium-based positive electrode of ARZBs and facilitates Zn2+ insertion into the electrode.
The HER/OER mechanistic study of an FeCoNi-based electrocatalyst for alkaline water splitting
Authors: Tsai Fu-Te , Deng Yu-Ting , Pao Chih-Wen , Chen Jeng-Lung , Lee Jyh-Fu , Lai Kuan-Ting , Liaw Wen-Feng
Published: April 2020

In operando XAS investigation on FeCoNi-based thin film unravels that Fe3+-assisted water dissociation promotes the formation of Co2+–μ-H–Ni3+ species, and the conductive character of Co2+Ni3+-oxide matrix facilitates the coupling of adjacent [Fe4+O/Fe3+–O˙] motifs.
Tunable rectifications in nanofluidic diodes by ion selectivity of charged polystyrene opals for osmotic energy conversion
Authors: Xiao Tianliang , Ma Jing , Liu Zhaoyue , Lu Bingxin , Jiang Jiaqiao , Nie Xiaoyan , Luo Rifeng , Jin Jiao , Liu Qingqing , Li Wenping , Zhai Jin
Published: April 2020

An ion-selective layer based on self-assembled polystyrene opals is integrated with an alumina nanoporous membrane to form nanofluidic diodes.
Synthetic mycomelanin thin films as emergent bio-inspired interfaces controlling the fate of embryonic stem cells
Authors: Manini Paola , Lucci Valeria , Lino Valeria , Sartini Stefania , Rossella Francesco , Falco Geppino , Chiappe Cinzia , d’Ischia Marco
Published: April 2020

Mycomelanin thin films from 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene can serve as a biointerface inducing adhesion and proliferation of ESCs and promoting their differentiation towards endodermal lineages.
Surface functionalization strategies of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Rayamajhi Sagar , Aryal Santosh
Published: April 2020

Physical, biological, and chemical strategies of surface functionalization can add vital functionality in extracellular vesicles (EVs) for diverse biomedical applications.
Liquid crystalline copper(i) complexes with bright room temperature phosphorescence
Authors: Giménez Raquel , Crespo Olga , Diosdado Beatriz , Elduque Anabel
Published: April 2020

Phosphorescence in the liquid crystal state with one of the highest quantum yield values, 42%, at room temperature is reported.
Electrochemical reduction of europium(iii) using tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide functionalized ordered mesoporous carbon microelectrodes
Authors: Bertelsen Erin R. , Kovach Nolan C. , Trewyn Brian G. , Antonio Mark R. , Shafer Jenifer C.
Published: April 2020

This work investigates the one-electron reduction of Eu(iii) to Eu(ii) by ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC), with and without tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide (TODGA) functionalization, in cavity microelectrode (CME) systems.
Thioproline formation as a driver of formaldehyde toxicity in Escherichia coli
Authors: Patterson Jenelle A. , He Hai , Folz Jacob S. , Li Qiang , Wilson Mark A. , Fiehn Oliver , Bruner Steven D. , Bar-Even Arren , Hanson Andrew D.
Published: April 2020

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a reactive carbonyl compound that formylates and cross-links proteins, DNA, and small molecules. It is of specific concern as a toxic intermediate in the design of engineered pathways involving methanol oxidation or formate reduction. The interest in engineering these pathways is not, however, matched by engineering-relevant information on precisely why HCHO is toxic or on what damage-control mechanisms cells deploy to manage HCHO toxicity. The only well-defined mechanism for managing HCHO toxicity is formaldehyde dehydrogenase-mediated oxidation to formate, which is counterproductive if HCHO is a desired pathway intermediate. We therefore sought alternative HCHO damage-control mechanisms via comparative genomic analysis. This analysis associated homologs of the Escherichia coli pepP gene with HCHO-related one-carbon metabolism. Furthermore, deleting pepP increased the sensitivity of E. coli to supplied HCHO but not other carbonyl compounds. PepP is a proline aminopeptidase that cleaves peptides of the general formula X-Pro-Y, yielding X + Pro-Y. HCHO is known to react spontaneously with cysteine to form the close proline analog thioproline (thiazolidine-4-carboxylate), which is incorporated into proteins and hence into proteolytic peptides. We therefore hypothesized that certain thioproline-containing peptides are toxic and that PepP cleaves these aberrant peptides. Supporting this hypothesis, PepP cleaved the model peptide Ala-thioproline-Ala as efficiently as Ala-Pro-Ala in vitro and in vivo, and deleting pepP increased sensitivity to supplied thioproline. Our data thus (i) provide biochemical genetic evidence that thioproline formation contributes substantially to HCHO toxicity and (ii) make PepP a candidate damage-control enzyme for engineered pathways having HCHO as an intermediate.
Accuracy of the Language Environment Analysis System Segmentation and Metrics: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cristia Alejandrina , Bulgarelli Federica , Bergelson Elika
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The Language Environment Analysis (LENA) system provides automated measures facilitating clinical and nonclinical research and interventions on language development, but there are only a few, scattered independent reports of these measures' validity. The objectives of the current systematic review were to (a) discover studies comparing LENA output with manual annotation, namely, accuracy of talker labels, as well as involving adult word counts (AWCs), conversational turn counts (CTCs), and child vocalization counts (CVCs); (b) describe them qualitatively; (c) quantitatively integrate them to assess central tendencies; and (d) quantitatively integrate them to assess potential moderators.

Method

Searches on Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and PsycInfo were combined with expert knowledge, and interarticle citations resulting in 238 records screened and 73 records whose full text was inspected. To be included, studies must target children under the age of 18 years and report on accuracy of LENA labels (e.g., precision and/or recall) and/or AWC, CTC, or CVC (correlations and/or error metrics).

Results

A total of 33 studies, in 28 articles, were discovered. A qualitative review revealed most validation studies had not been peer reviewed as such and failed to report key methodology and results. Quantitative integration of the results was possible for a broad definition of recall and precision (M= 59% and 68%, respectively;N= 12–13), for AWC (meanr= .79,N= 13), CVC (meanr= .77,N= 5), and CTC (meanr= .36,N= 6). Publication bias and moderators could not be assessed meta-analytically.

Conclusion

Further research and improved reporting are needed in studies evaluating LENA segmentation and quantification accuracy, with work investigating CTC being particularly urgent.

Supplemental Material

https://osf.io/4nhms/
Theoretical modelling of two-component molecular discs in spiral galaxies
Authors: Patra Narendra Nath
Published: April 2020

As recent observations of the molecular discs in spiral galaxies point to the existence of a diffuse, low-density thick molecular disc along with the prominent thin one, we investigate the observational signatures of this thick disc by theoretically modelling two-component molecular discs in a sample of eight nearby spiral galaxies. Assuming a prevailing hydrostatic equilibrium, we set up and solved the joint Poisson’s-Boltzmann equation to estimate the three-dimensional distribution of the molecular gas and the molecular scale height in our sample galaxies. The molecular scale height in a two-component molecular disc is found to vary between 50 and 300 pc, which is higher than what is found in a single-component disc. We find that this scale height can vary significantly depending on the assumed thick disc molecular gas fraction. We also find that the molecular gas flares as a function of the radius and follows a tight exponential law with a scale length of (0.48 ± 0.01)r25. We used the density solutions to produce the column density maps and spectral cubes to examine the ideal observing conditions to identify a thick molecular disc in galaxies. We find that unless the molecular disc is an edge-on system and imaged with a high spatial resolution (≲100 pc), it is extremely hard to identify a thick molecular disc in a column density map. The spectral analysis further reveals that at moderate to high inclination (i ≳ 40°), spectral broadening can fictitiously introduce the signatures of a two-component disc into the spectral cube of a single-component disc. Hence, we conclude that a low inclination molecular disc imaged with high spatial resolution would serve as the ideal site for identifying the thick molecular disc in galaxies.
The SOPHIE search for northern extrasolar planets
Authors: Hara N. C. , Bouchy F. , Stalport M. , Boisse I. , Rodrigues J. , Delisle J.-B. , Santerne A. , Henry G. W. , Arnold L. , Astudillo-Defru N. , Borgniet S. , Bonfils X. , Bourrier V. , Brugger B. , Courcol B. , Dalal S. , Deleuil M. , Delfosse X. , Demangeon O. , Díaz R. F. , Dumusque X. , Forveille T. , Hébrard G. , Hobson M. J. , Kiefer F. , Lopez T. , Mignon L. , Mousis O. , Moutou C. , Pepe F. , Rey J. , Santos N. C. , Ségransan D. , Udry S. , Wilson P. A.
Published: April 2020

Aims.Since 2011, the SOPHIE spectrograph has been used to search for Neptunes and super-Earths in the northern hemisphere. As part of this observational program, 290 radial velocity measurements of the 6.4Vmagnitude star HD 158259 were obtained. Additionally, TESS photometric measurements of this target are available. We present an analysis of the SOPHIE data and compare our results with the output of the TESS pipeline.

Methods.The radial velocity data, ancillary spectroscopic indices, and ground-based photometric measurements were analyzed with classical and ℓ1periodograms. The stellar activity was modeled as a correlated Gaussian noise and its impact on the planet detection was measured with a new technique.

Results.The SOPHIE data support the detection of five planets, each withmsini ≈ 6 M⊕, orbiting HD 158259 in 3.4, 5.2, 7.9, 12, and 17.4 days. Though a planetary origin is strongly favored, the 17.4 d signal is classified as a planet candidate due to a slightly lower statistical significance and to its proximity to the expected stellar rotation period. The data also present low frequency variations, most likely originating from a magnetic cycle and instrument systematics. Furthermore, the TESS pipeline reports a significant signal at 2.17 days corresponding to a planet of radius ≈1.2 R⊕. A compatible signal is seen in the radial velocities, which confirms the detection of an additional planet and yields a ≈2 M⊕mass estimate.

Conclusions.We find a system of five planets and a strong candidate near a 3:2 mean motion resonance chain orbiting HD 158259. The planets are found to be outside of the two and three body resonances.
Modelling glaciers’ melting in Central Caucasus (the Djankuat and Bashkara Glacier case study)
Authors: Belozerov Egor , Rets Ekaterina , Petrakov Dmitry , Popovnin Viktor
Published: April 2020

The A-melt model was applied to assess the contribution snow and ice melting to river flow during the summer period of 2017 for the Bashkara and Djankuat glaciers located in the Caucasus. During the study period, the Djankuat river runoff amounted to 120 thousand m3, while the peak value of snow and ice melting was 300-400 thousand m3per day, and on average 189 thousand m3. The significant influence of groundwater on the river flow is traced. The melt water contribution to the glacial lake Bashkara outburst manifested in the gradual accumulation of water large volumes over the summer period. The melting of snow and ice the day before the lake outburst reached 31 thousand m3, with an average value of 192 thousand m3for the Bashkara basin. The total melting volume of the Djankuat basin was 0.016 km3, and of the Bashkara basin – 0.017 km3. As a result, the A-Melt model demonstrates the evaluation ability of glaciers’ impact on mountain rivers runoff.