bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Harberger–Laursen–Metzler (HLM) Exist in Pakistan? Cointegration, Causality and Forecast Error Variance Decomposition Tests
Authors: Afza Talat , Ahmed Khalid , Shahbaz Muhammad
Published: June 2016

This article investigates the validation of Harberger–Laursen–Metzler hypothesis using Pakistani data over the period of 1978Q1–2012Q4. We have used Gregory–Hansen cointegration approach accommodating structural break in the series. The results confirm the presence of cointegration between the variables. The impact of terms of trade is positive on Pakistan’s trade balance. Domestic income improves local trade balance. Foreign income has a positive impact on Pakistan’s trade balance. The causality analysis indicates the presence of feedback effect between terms of trade and trade balance. Domestic income Granger causes trade balance. The unidirectional causality is running from foreign income to Pakistan’s trade balance. This study opens up new directions for policymakers for improvements in terms of trade to sustain trade balance in Pakistan.
Working Women: Career Breaks and Re-entry in a Fast-changing Business Environment
Authors: Gwal Rajeshwari
Published: June 2016

Many reports on working women talks about new trends in career break and re-entry of these women; the experience they have, taken time off from the workforce, and their desire to be re-engaged in employment. Exploring the recent trends in career break and re-entry of working women provides proactive recommendations and practical and positive ways for the employers to facilitate their re-entry and help address the female brain drain. These talented returners, after re-entry, cannot find meaningful and challenging full-time work. This study focuses on the reasons for the re-entry, and shows that women returners are not a homogeneous group and that the length of their career break appears to play a key role in the re-entry process; the longer the break the greater the impact. Women who interrupt their careers experience downward mobility in salary and status. Also, such career breaks counteract career development due to the lack of support mechanisms, such as flexi-time schemes, part-time work, and insufficient training. The reasons for working for identified categories of working women are not same as tested using Z-test. Also, the major trends in career breaks and career re-entry identified are measured on Likert scale and ranking is done using weighted mean.
The Effect of Spillover on Volatility Forecasting: An Empirical Study in Indian Stock Market
Authors: Karmakar Madhusudan , Shukla Girja Kant
Published: June 2016

In this article, we have investigated whether the precision of one-step-ahead forecast of the market volatility can be improved by incorporating the spillover effect of other markets. For this, we have used the MGARCH model and shown empirically that if the group of markets is chosen judiciously so as to avoid multicollinearity, then it is indeed possible to obtain better forecasts. For this purpose, we have employed a BEKK parameterization of MGARCH models on the daily data of 10 sectors of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE).
The Modelling of Quality and Production of Heaters for Oil Refinery
Authors: Choudhury D. K.
Published: June 2016

The quality of the product helps in developing the brand image of the product. The quality management is one of the most vital areas of operations manager who plans and monitors the quality in every stage of production of each component. It, therefore, becomes customary for operations manager to structure the quality monitoring system to achieve the intended quality to satisfy the customer. The structuring of quality monitoring system comes from how we develop the modelling of production and quality of a product. With this backdrop, the modelling of quality and production of heaters used in oil refinery has been developed and presented in this article using the extended frame work of physical system theory (PST). The PST has been used by earlier researchers for modelling a particular production system1 using flow of materials as “through” variables and cost as “across” variables. In this article the “quality” has been considered as a third variable for modelling the quality for production of heaters. The production of heaters is a complex manufacturing system, so for clarity of the readers, the quality modelling of a very simple production system has been presented as an illustrative example. Since the quality is an individual perception, for computing the value of quality variables a method has been suggested which meets the basic quality requirements desired by the industry. Based on the developed model, the sensitivity analysis has been performed to assess the impact of changes in the parameters on the quality of output.
Needs and Motives of Instagram Users that Predict Self-disclosure Use: A Case Study of Young Adults in Kuwait
Authors: Al-Kandari Ali , Melkote Srinivas R. , Sharif Ahmad
Published: June 2016

This study employed the media uses and gratifications model to examine the needs and motives of Instagram users that predict self-disclosure use. Students from the Gulf University of Science and Technology, Kuwait, were surveyed for this study. This study suggests that Instagram provides categories of needs and motives similar in nature to those of the other social media such as self-expression, social interaction, entertainment and opinion exchange. It also caters to the need for experimenting with photography that few available social media satisfy. Self-expression and social interaction needs were the strongest predictors of the use of Instagram for self-disclosure on all its dimensions, that is, honesty, amount, positive valence and depth. Other intersecting factors such as biological sex and frequency of use showed different patterns of use. The implications of Arab culture on Instagram use are discussed since Kuwaiti culture, as opposed to the Western cultures, is more collectivist in nature.
Labour Pains: The Birth of Assisted Reproductive Technology Policy in India
Authors: Sandoval Jennifer A.
Published: June 2016

As the industry of international fertility tourism has continued to grow around the world India has become a hotbed of controversy around the practice of commercial surrogacy. Some estimates claim that over 5,000 babies are born every year in India via surrogacy. With transnational surrogacy becoming a more widely known reproductive alternative, there are ongoing debates both in academia and the media regarding the extent to which women are empowered while also protected in the current structure of surrogacy. The resulting arrangement between intended parents, healthcare providers, surrogates and other agencies has become incredibly complex and wrought with challenges. As Shome & Hegde (2002a) have pointed out, the current state of globalization creates processes by which economic and cultural power lines shift rapidly. In light of the industry growth, the government and the Indian Council of Medical Research proposed guidelines and legislation aimed to regulate the Assisted Reproductive Technology industry that benefited from specific medical tourism trends. This manuscript discusses the business of surrogacy and explores the implications of the proposed policy amidst a controversial ban of commercial surrogacy for international patients through a critical discourse analysis of the policy, bolstered by direct interviews with health providers and surrogates. The analysis explicates the complexity and paradoxes of the arrangement highlighting the agency of each stakeholder involved. Unsurprisingly, the analysis shows a lack of protection for individual surrogates and a privileging of intended parents interests and needs. However, there are also important opportunities for potential regulation that works towards all needs.
Diverse Perceptions of Cross-Racial Adoption in South Africa
Authors: Tanga Pius T. , Nyasha Kausi
Published: June 2016

Purpose:

This study explored the perceptions of stakeholders regarding the practice of cross-racial adoption (CRA) in East London, South Africa.

Method:

A qualitative research design was used. Data were collected through individual interviews and focus group discussions from 23 participants. The data were analyzed qualitatively, using thematic analysis.

Results:

The results show that there are mixed perceptions among the participants, with White participants more likely than participants of other racial groups to support the practice of the CRA. The findings also revealed that the practice of CRA is a controversial, yet an increasing phenomenon in which most Black children are being adopted by White parents.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that although the practice of CRA is an acceptable form of custody of children in need of care and protection, it is still an area that requires more attention from scholars and researchers. Pertinent recommendations have been made to various stakeholders.
Use of Palliative Chemo- and Radiotherapy at the End of Life in Patients With Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Gu Xiao-Li , Chen Meng-Lei , Liu Ming-Hui , Zhao Wei-Wei , Cheng Wen-Wu
Published: June 2016

Background:

Administration of chemotherapy and radiotherapy near the end of life is a frequently discussed issue nowadays. We have evaluated the factors associated with the use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy at the end of life among terminally ill patients in China.

Methods:

This study included the data from patients who had died from advanced cancer who underwent palliative chemotherapy and radiotherapy between January 2007 and December 2013 at the Department of Palliative Care of Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center. Data were collected from hospital medical records. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the factors independently associated with the use of chemo- and radiotherapy.

Results:

Among the 410 patients included (median age, 68 years; range, 18-93; 53% males), 47 (11.5%) underwent palliative chemotherapy and 28 (6.8%) underwent radiotherapy in the last 30 days. Age <65 years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-2.88), performance status <3 (OR: 3.95; 95% CI: 1.56-5.07), and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR: 4.09, 95% CI: 2.66-5.34) were independently associated with the use of chemotherapy. Performance status <3 (OR: 4.06, 95% CI: 2.17-5.83) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR: 5.28, 95% CI: 3.77-7.21) were independently associated with the use of radiotherapy.

Conclusion:

The findings indicate that younger patients with a lower performance status who do not have complications are more likely to opt for chemo- or radiotherapy. Further, the use of palliative chemo- and radiotherapy should be considered carefully in terminally ill patients with cancer, as they seem to indicate a higher risk of cardiovascular complications requiring resuscitation.
Issues in the Diagnosis and Management of Hereditary Antithrombin Deficiency
Authors: Bauer Kenneth A. , Nguyen-Cao Tam M. , Spears Jeffrey B.
Published: June 2016

Objective: To review insights gained in the past several years about hereditary antithrombin (AT) deficiency and to outline approaches to the management of patients with AT deficiency in the acute and chronic settings. Data Sources: An extensive literature search of Scopus (January 2008-April 2016) was performed for the terms congenital antithrombin deficiency, inherited antithrombin deficiency, or hereditary antithrombin deficiency. Additional references were identified by reviewing literature citations. Study Selection: All relevant English-language case reports, reviews, clinical studies, meeting abstracts, and book chapters assessing hereditary AT deficiency were included. Data Synthesis: AT deficiency significantly increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The risk of VTE is particularly high during pregnancy, the postpartum period, and following major surgery. Effective clinical management includes determination of the appropriate type and duration of antithrombotic therapy (ie, AT replacement for acute situations) while minimizing the risk of bleeding. For persons newly diagnosed with AT deficiency, age, lifestyle, concurrent medical conditions, family history, and personal treatment preferences can be used to individualize patient management. Patients should be informed of the risks associated with hormonal therapy, pregnancy, surgical procedures, and immobility, which further increase the risk of VTE in patients with AT deficiency. Conclusion: AT deficiency poses the highest risk for VTE among the hereditary thrombophilias, often requiring long-term anticoagulation. Undertaking an evaluation for hereditary thrombophilia is controversial; however, a diagnosis of VTE in association with AT deficiency can have management implications. An important treatment option for patients with this disorder in high-risk situations is AT concentrate.
Beneficial Effects of Magnesium Treatment on Heart Rate Variability and Cardiac Ventricular Function in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Amoni Matthew , Kelly-Laubscher Roisin , Blackhurst Dee , Gwanyanya Asfree
Published: June 2016

Background:

Diabetes mellitus induces life-threatening cardiovascular complications such as cardiac autonomic neuropathy and ventricular dysfunction and is associated with hypomagnesemia. In this study, we investigated the short-term effects of magnesium (Mg2+) treatment on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic cardiac complications.

Methods:

Adult Wistar rats were treated once with STZ (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [ip]) or vehicle (citrate) and then daily for 7 days with MgSO4 (270 mg/kg, ip) or saline. On the eighth day, in vivo tail-pulse plethysmography was recorded for heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, and ex vivo Langendorff-based left ventricular (LV) pressure–volume parameters were measured using an intraventricular balloon. Measurements of plasma lipid and Mg2+ levels as well as blood glucose and cardiac tissue Mg2+ levels were also performed.

Results:

Treatment with Mg2+ prevented diabetes-induced alterations in the standard deviation of the averages of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals (SDANN), root mean square differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD), heart rate, and low-frequency (LF) power–high-frequency (HF) power ratio. In addition, Mg2+ restored orthostatic stress-induced changes in SDANN, RMSSD, and LF–HF ratio in diabetic rats. In isolated hearts, Mg2+ reversed the diabetes-induced decrease in LV end-diastolic elastance and the right shift of end-diastolic equilibrium volume intercept, without altering LV-developed pressure or end-systolic elastance. However, Mg2+ did not prevent the elevation in blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides or the decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetes. Plasma- or cardiac tissue Mg2+ was not different among the treatment groups.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that Mg2+ treatment may attenuate diabetes-induced reduction in HRV and improve LV diastolic distensibility, without preventing hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Thus, Mg2+ may have a modulatory role in the early stages of diabetic cardiovascular complications.
Identification of 2 Novel Polymorphisms and rs3138521 in 5′ Untranslated Region of SERPINC1 Gene in North Indian Population With Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Bhakuni Teena , Sharma Amit , Ali Mohammad Farhan , Mahapatra Manoranjan , Saxena Renu , Jairajpuri Mohamad Aman
Published: June 2016

Antithrombin III (AT) is the most important endogenous anticoagulant, and genetic variability in SERPINC1, gene encoding AT, is low. Mutations leading to AT deficiency and increased thrombotic risk are well known; however, only 2 studies have reported mutations in regulatory region of SERPINC1 gene till date. Aim of the present study was to identify genetic variations in SERPINC1 5′ untranslated region (UTR) in Indian patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) having AT deficiency. DNA sequencing was used to identify underlying genetic defects in SERPINC1 regulatory region. In silico tools TFBIND and PROMO were used to identify transcription factor binding sites in the promoter region. We have identified 2 novel polymorphisms, g.25G>A and g.−1A>T, and 2 known g.67G>A and rs3138521 5′ UTR polymorphisms in SERPINC1 regulatory region in Indian patients with DVT for the first time. In present study, allele frequencies of rs3138521 (S: 0.37 and F: 0.63) were similar to that reported in Western population and were not associated with low plasma AT levels ( P value .5). This is the first report of regulatory region polymorphisms in SERPINC1 gene in Indian population. Our results strongly suggest that similar studies should be included when ever no mutation is detected in protein-coding region of AT gene.
Fibre concentrate from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) stem by-products: Characterization and application as a bakery product ingredient
Authors: Boubaker Maroua , Omri Abdelfatteh EL , Blecker Christophe , Bouzouita Nabiha
Published: June 2016

The potential of fibre concentrate from artichoke stem by-product in bakery application was investigated. The elaboration of fibre concentrate was characterized by an extraction yield of 48.5%. The chemical composition showed high total dietary fibre (85 g/100 g d.m) and low lipid contents (0.5 g/100 g d.m). The fibre concentrate showed good water holding capacity (8.17 g/g) and high oil holding capacity (16.17 g/g). The effect of fibre concentrate incorporation to wheat dough, at level of 2%, on the rheological properties and physical characteristics of bread was also evaluated. The results showed that the addition of fibre concentrate in wheat flour significantly improved ( P < 0.05) dough properties inducing an increase of water absorption, stability and tenacity, and a reduction of extensibility and softening in comparison to the dough without fibre. The colour values of the crust and crumb were significantly ( P < 0.05) altered by the addition of fibre concentrate. It was also found that incorporation of fibre concentrate to bread produced a comparable specific volume and enhanced the shelf life, as textural studies revealed.
Implementing Positive Behavior Support in Preschools
Authors: Jolstead Krystine A. , Caldarella Paul , Hansen Blake , Korth Byran B. , Williams Leslie , Kamps Debra
Published: June 2016

Challenging behavior in preschool is a serious concern for teachers. Positive behavior interventions and supports (PBIS) have been shown to be effective in reducing such behaviors. Class-Wide Function-Related Intervention Teams (CW-FIT) is a specific multi-tiered intervention for implementing effective classroom management strategies using PBIS practices. CW-FIT has been shown to be effective in elementary classrooms but has not yet been evaluated with younger age groups. CW-FIT Tier 1 is a group contingency utilizing social skills training, teacher praise, and positive reinforcement to improve student behavior. The present study examined the effects of CW-FIT Tier 1 implementation on student group on-task behavior and on teacher praise and reprimand rates in four preschool classrooms. A single-subject delayed multiple baseline design with embedded reversals was used to evaluate impact. Results indicated the intervention increased student group on-task behavior and teacher praise to reprimand ratios. Both teachers and children found CW-FIT Tier 1 to be socially valid. Limitations and implications of this study for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
Experimenting with Affect across Drawing and Choreography
Authors: De Brabandere Nicole
Published: June 2016

In this article, I analyse line-rendering techniques in drawing and choreography, based on a Deleuzian framework. This pragmatic approach for understanding affect emerges in three distinct formulations. The first engages the coincidence of drawing and choreography at the limit of reach; the second investigates how trace and movement generate different yet mutually resonant versions of semblance. The third framework considers the potential for improvisation in the irreconcilability of contour and surface in the weighted line. These three framings generate an experimental milieu in which I articulate the co-emergence of thought and feeling in relation to relevant concepts of the body and affect. In activating affective intensity in different line-rendering operations, this analysis traces the way that affects help to modulate tendencies of moving, feeling and thinking over a series of operations.
Queering ‘Successful Ageing’, Dementia and Alzheimer’s Research
Authors: Bülow Morten Hillgaard , Holm Marie-Louise
Published: June 2016

Contributing to both ageing research and queer-feminist scholarship, this article introduces feminist philosopher Margrit Shildrick’s queer notion of the monstrous to the subject of ageing and the issue of dealing with frailty within ageing research. The monstrous, as a norm-critical notion, takes as its point of departure that we are always already monstrous, meaning that the western ideal of well-ordered, independent, unleaky, rational embodied subjects is impossible to achieve. From this starting point the normalizing and optimizing strategies of ageing research – here exemplified through the concept of successful ageing and the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease – can be problematized. The notion of the monstrous instead suggests a view on ageing and ‘monstrous’ embodiment which provides room for other, different ways of being recognized as an embodied subject, and for dealing with difference, vulnerability and frailty.
Fear of hypoglycemia, anxiety, and subjective well-being in parents of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Pate Tanja , Klemenčič Simona , Battelino Tadej , Bratina Nataša
Published: June 2016

This study explored the association between parental fear of hypoglycemia, anxiety, and subjective well-being in parents of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. A total of 120 mothers and 79 fathers participated. Mothers’ and fathers’ fear of hypoglycemia was significantly associated with anxiety and negative affect as well as with worse glycemic control in child. Paired-samples t-test showed that mothers were more involved in diabetes management and reported more fear and anxiety compared to fathers, but they did not differ in worries about hypoglycemia. The findings suggest screening for fear of hypoglycemia and subjective well-being in all parents regardless of whether their child experienced severe hypoglycemia.
Acute haematoma of the latissimus dorsi with low-intensity exercise – An unusual diagnosis heralding an ageing population
Authors: Dimmick S , Sheehan PV , Hughes D , Anderson SE
Published: June 2016

The world’s population is ageing. A significant proportion of this ageing population will undertake exercise, to optimise their health and wellbeing. Age-related changes in muscle physiology and composition may increase susceptibility to muscle injury and reduce the ability for recovery post exercise, which may have public health implications in years to come. This is a case report of a 59-year-old man with an isolated intramuscular haematoma, with onset during non-impact exercise (surfing and subsequently cricket). Injury to the latissimus dorsi muscle and/or tendon is rare. The individual in this report suffered from rheumatoid arthritis, which was well-controlled with methotrexate but had no other relevant medical history, which may have predisposed him to this injury.
“With an open heart we receive the children”: Caregivers' strategies for reaching and caring for street children in Kenya
Authors: Kaime-Atterhög Wanjiku , Persson Lars-Åke , Ahlberg Beth Maina
Published: June 2016

This article describes caregivers' strategies for reaching children on the streets and caring for them at institutions of care. Data was collected over a period of two years from 70 caregivers in 35 organisations in Nairobi, Nakuru and Muranga, identified by snowball sampling strategy. Data was collected using a semi-structured topic guide based on issues emerging from earlier studies with street boys. Direct observation, video recording and photography were used to study interactions between the children and their caregivers.

Findings

Two themes were developed: the “dedicated” caregiver confronting street realities, and making a difference despite the limitations. The way caregivers interacted with the children on the streets and in the institutions influenced the children's decision to leave the streets, to be initiated into residential care, and attend rehabilitation and reintegration programmes. Children were more positive to caregivers who took time to understand them and were soft in establishing rapport with them.

Application

The results suggest that caregivers' strategies are potential contributors to reversing trends in the street children phenomenon as they influence the children's decision to leave the streets and undergo rehabilitation at institutions of care. We thus recommend development of educational efforts focusing on helping caregivers develop healthy relationships and positive interactions with the children.
Three-Year Outcomes With the Multilayer Flow Modulator for Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms
Authors: Vaislic Claude D. , Fabiani Jean Noël , Chocron Sidney , Robin Jacques , Costache Victor S. , Villemot Jean-Pierre , Alsac Jean Marc , Leprince Pascal N. , Unterseeh Thierry , Portocarrero Eric , Glock Yves , Rousseau Hervé ,   for the STRATO Investigators Group
Published: June 2016

Purpose: To evaluate midterm outcomes of endovascular repair of types II and III thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA) using the Multilayer Flow Modulator (MFM) in patients unsuitable for open surgery or fenestrated stent-grafts. Methods: In the prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized STRATO trial (EudraCT registration: 2009-013678-42; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01756911), 23 patients (mean age 75.8 years; 19 men) with Crawford type II and III TAAA (mean diameter 6.5 cm) were implanted between April 2010 and February 2011. Outcomes included all-cause mortality and stable aneurysm thrombosis with associated branch vessel patency. Results: Through 36 months, there were 7 deaths (none confirmed as aneurysm-related), and no cases of spinal cord injury, device migration or fracture, or respiratory, renal, or peripheral complications. Three patients were lost to follow-up and 2 devices were explanted. The device was patent in the 11 remaining patients at 3 years. Stable aneurysm thrombosis was achieved for 15 of 20 patients at 12 months, 12 of 13 at 24 months, and 10 of 11 at 36 months. The rate of branch patency was 96% at 12 months (primary patency), 100% at 24 months, and 97% at 36 months. Nine patients suffered from endoleaks (attachment site or device overlap); 9 patients underwent 11 reinterventions (3 surgical). Maximum aneurysm diameter was stable for 18 of 20 patients at 12 months, 11 of 13 at 24 months, and 9 of 11 at 36 months. For 10 patients with computed tomography at 36 months, the mean ratio of aneurysm flow volume to total volume had decreased by 83%; the mean ratio of thrombus volume to total volume increased by 159%. Conclusion: Through 3 years, endovascular repair with the MFM appears to be safe and effective while successfully maintaining branch vessel patency.
Trump’s “Reality” Hustle
Authors: Hearn Alison
Published: June 2016

This brief editorial links Trump’s popularity to reality television’s messages of promotionalism and the spread of overt forms of self-branding and reputation-seeking across the population at large thanks to social media. Against the backdrop of growing economic insecurity, most people must now assiduously self-promote and hustle in order to find or protect their jobs. Trump supporters are not ‘dupes’ buying the hype then; they recognize that Trump’s brand is his skill set, admire it, and see it as all the qualification he needs to become president. While Trump’s ‘brand’ is figured as the result of his own personal style and power, it is actually the product of the underpaid, highly exploited labour of thousands of workers. Trump the Brand and reality television’s gauzy promise of mini-celebrity are symptoms of, and alibis for a flawed and failing political economic system. It will take the concerted, collective power of people in the streets, demanding something better, to stop him.
Constructing a Mixed Methods Research Design: Exploration of an Architectural Intervention
Authors: Kong Seng Yeap , Mohd Yaacob Naziaty , Mohd Ariffin Ati Rosemary
Published: June 2016

The aim of this methodological description is to illustrate the application of mixed methods research in architectural design using a hybrid model consisting of a taxonomy development model and an embedded quasi-experimental model. The research employed qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the design of an architectural intervention and determine its effectiveness in improving environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among primary school students. It also outlined strategies adopted to overcome the challenges related to the use of a hybrid design. Combining sequential and embedded mixed methods designs is a relatively new approach in architectural research, providing new insights that contribute to future mixed methods exploration in the field of design and planning.
Spray cooling of electric motor coil windings
Authors: Guechi MR , Desevaux P , Baucour P , Espanet C , Brunel R , Poirot M
Published: June 2016

The spraying of an impinging jet is an effective way to cool heated surfaces. A numerical model has been previously developed to predict the heat transfer with phase change between a hot plate surface and a two-phase impinging jet. This Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is applied here for studying the spray cooling of conventional and impregnated coil windings of electric motors. The numerical results are compared with measurements obtained on an experimental test bench. The confrontation numerical/experimental is carried out by comparing the distribution of temperature inside the coil windings. This study has confirmed the interest of the cooling spray technique. The interest to fill coil windings with impregnating resin of good thermal conductivity is less obvious. When using spray cooling, the lowest temperatures are reached within conventional coil windings.
Percutaneous coronary intervention under temporary peripheral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Chaara Jawad , Cikirikcioglu Mustafa , Roffi Marco
Published: June 2016

We describe the case of a 68-year old female presenting with subacute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and severe depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (15%) in the presence of severe three-vessel coronary artery disease. The patient was haemodynamically stable. After heart team discussion, a percutaneous coronary intervention was performed under peripheral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation without complications.
Transnational political engagement
Authors: Sui Mingxiao , Paul Newly
Published: June 2016

Asian Americans are in the unique position of participating in American politics as well as politics related to their nation of origin. However, there is a lack of consensus about the factors that are likely to make this group participate in homeland or US politics. We examine this question using data drawn from the 2008 National Asian American Survey (NAAS). Results suggest that Asian Americans’ participation in homeland politics is positively related to their involvement in US politics. Specifically, we find that immigrants who have prior political experience in their nation of origin and high exposure to political discussion after migration are likely to engage in activities related to the politics of both America and their nation of origin. We also find that English- and ethnic-language media use affects Asian Americans’ participation in US and homeland politics, suggesting the importance of including exposure to news media when studying immigrants’ political behaviors.
Tracking and Racialization in Schools
Authors: Richards Bedelia Nicola
Published: June 2016

The tracking literature examines how academic hierarchies contribute to race and class differences in academic achievement, but it pays scant attention to how school structures also influence students’ racial and ethnic identities. Relatedly, race/ethnicity and immigration scholars focus on how schools serve as sites for observing the social construction of racial and ethnic identities but do not account for how school structures actively shape these identity outcomes. This study makes a contribution to the immigration, race/ethnicity, and education literatures by examining how academic tracking influences the racial and ethnic identities of second-generation West Indian students. Consistent with the tracking literature, the author finds that Mayfield High School’s academic hierarchy contributes to the racialization of West Indian students and, in doing so, intensifies their racial group consciousness. It also shows how academic tracking simultaneously increases the salience of ethnic identity among Afro-Caribbean students. These findings point to the significance of educational institutions in shaping racialization processes in schools and contribute to broader conversations regarding the evolution of the color line in American society.
Patterns of Cross-National Variation in the Association Between Income and Academic Achievement
Authors: Chmielewski Anna K. , Reardon Sean F.
Published: June 2016

In a recent paper, Reardon found that the relationship between family income and children’s academic achievement grew substantially stronger in the 1980s and 1990s in the United States. We provide an international context for these results by examining the income–achievement association in 19 other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries using data from the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study and the Programme for International Student Assessment. First, we calculate and compare the magnitude of “income achievement gaps” across this sample of countries. Second, we investigate the association between the size of a country’s income achievement gap, its income inequality, and a variety of other country characteristics. We find considerable variation across countries in income achievement gaps. Moreover, the U.S. income achievement gap is quite large in comparison to this sample of countries. Our multivariate analyses show that the income achievement gap is positively associated with educational differentiation, modestly negatively associated with curricular standardization, and positively associated with national levels of poverty and inequality.
XLF deficiency results in reduced N-nucleotide addition during V(D)J recombination
Authors: IJspeert Hanna , Rozmus Jacob , Schwarz Klaus , Warren René L. , van Zessen David , Holt Robert A. , Pico-Knijnenburg Ingrid , Simons Erik , Jerchel Isabel , Wawer Angela , Lorenz Myriam , Patıroğlu Turkan , Akar Himmet Haluk , Leite Ricardo , Verkaik Nicole S. , Stubbs Andrew P. , van Gent Dik C. , van Dongen Jacques J. M. , van der Burg Mirjam
Published: June 2016

Key Points

XLF belongs to the NHEJ ligation complex and has a dual role in DNA double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. XLF is involved in N-nucleotide addition, and thereby contributes to junctional diversity of the antigen receptors.
Deep phenotyping of Tregs identifies an immune signature for idiopathic aplastic anemia and predicts response to treatment
Authors: Kordasti Shahram , Costantini Benedetta , Seidl Thomas , Perez Abellan Pilar , Martinez Llordella Marc , McLornan Donal , Diggins Kirsten E. , Kulasekararaj Austin , Benfatto Cinzia , Feng Xingmin , Smith Alexander , Mian Syed A. , Melchiotti Rossella , de Rinaldis Emanuele , Ellis Richard , Petrov Nedyalko , Povoleri Giovanni A. M. , Chung Sun Sook , Thomas N. Shaun B. , Farzaneh Farzin , Irish Jonathan M. , Heck Susanne , Young Neal S. , Marsh Judith C. W. , Mufti Ghulam J.
Published: June 2016

Key Points

Mass cytometry reveals a Treg immune signature for AA and for response to antithymocyte globulin. AA Tregs in vitro are expandable, stable, and functional, with potential for future therapeutic options.
Self-employment in an equilibrium model of the labor market
Authors: Bradley Jake
Published: June 2016

Self-employed workers account for between 8 and 30 % of participants in the labor markets of OECD countries (Blanchower, Self-employment: more may not be better, 2004). This paper develops and estimates a general equilibrium model of the labor market that accounts for this sizable proportion. The model incorporates self-employed workers, some of whom hire paid employees in the market. Employment rates and earnings distributions are determined endogenously and are estimated to match their empirical counterparts. The model is estimated using the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS). The model is able to estimate nonpecuniary amenities associated with employment in different labor market states, accounting for both different employment dynamics within state and the misreporting of earnings by self-employed workers. Structural parameter estimates are then used to assess the impact of an increase in the generosity of unemployment benefits on the aggregate employment rate. Findings suggest that modeling the self-employed, some of whom hire paid employees implies that small increases in unemployment benefits leads to an expansion in aggregate employment.

JEL ClassificationJ21, J24, J28, J64
The remittance behaviour of Kenyan sibling migrants
Authors: Jena Farai
Published: June 2016

This paper examines the remittance behaviour of multiple-sibling migrants and the motivations of Kenyan siblings in sending remittances to their household of origin. The presence of other siblings is found to decrease the probability of remitting but has no effect on the amount sent. The volume of remittances sent by other siblings is also found to have no statistically significant effect on the amount sent by a sibling. Thus, the evidence obtained offers some mild, though not unambiguous, support for sibling remittances being driven by altruistic as well as independent motives.

JEL Classification:B21, D19, J69
Highly aliased ground-roll suppression using a 3D multiwindow Karhunen-Loève filter: Application to a legacy Mississippi Lime survey
Authors: Verma Sumit , Guo Shiguang , Ha Thang , Marfurt Kurt J.
Published: June 2016

Although modern recording capacity facilitates dense seismic acquisition, many, if not most, legacy 3D land surveys are spatially aliased with respect to ground roll. Irregular topography and weathering zones give rise to ground roll that has piecewise rather than continuous linear moveout (LMO). Dispersion often results in shingled events whose phase velocity cuts across the ground-roll noise cone. We have developed a workflow for the suppression of highly aliased broadband ground roll in which modern [Formula: see text] filters failed. Our workflow began with low-pass filtering and windowing the data, 3D patch by 3D patch. We then applied LMO corrections using an average phase velocity of the ground roll and improved these moveout corrections through the use of local three-shot by three-receiver 3D velocity scans about each sample to account for lateral changes in velocity, thickness, and weathering zone topography. Using a Kuwahara algorithm, we chose the most coherent window within which we applied a structure-oriented Karhunen-Loève filter to model the coherent noise. Finally, we removed the LMO correction and subtracted the modeled ground roll from the original data. We applied our workflow to a legacy data volume consisting of four merged 3D surveys acquired in the 1990s. Application of modern seismic attributes showed improved mapping of faults and flexures. We also validated our workflow using a synthetic gather having the same geometry as our field data.
Fourier forward modeling of vector and tensor gravity fields due to prismatic bodies with variable density contrast
Authors: Wu Leyuan , Chen Longwei
Published: June 2016

Prismatic bodies with variable density contrasts are very useful in modeling and inversion of gravity anomalies for sedimentary basins, in which some simple mathematical functions offer better approximations for the density-depth relationship of the basin fill than a constant density model. We have explored Fourier-domain modeling of vector and tensor gravity anomalies due to 2D and 3D prismatic bodies following a wide class of variable density functions. We placed the emphasis on general polynomial models because they provided a flexible way to approximate arbitrary density functions. The recently proposed Gauss-fast Fourier transform method was applied to improve the accuracy of inverse Fourier transform. The numerical performance of the presented method was examined by comparing with space-domain analytical, seminumerical, or completely numerical solutions. Singularity and numerical stability of the algorithm were also analyzed with ranges of numerical stability for polynomial density models of different orders specified. Truncation errors of Fourier forward methods were estimated quantitatively using relevant model parameters, and the behavior was observed through theoretical analysis and model tests. Synthetic models, of 2D and 3D prisms with variable density contrasts, found the accuracy, efficiency, and flexibility of the method. We also interpreted a real data example of the gravity profile across the San Jacinto graben.
Compressive sensing imaging of microseismic events constrained by the sign-bit
Authors: Vera Rodriguez Ismael , Kazemi Nasser
Published: June 2016

We have developed a source location algorithm based on compressive sensing (CS) imaging constrained with the sign-bit of the observations. The relationship between sparsity and compression level was exemplified by contrasting synthetic examples of compressed imaging in reflection seismology and microseismic monitoring scenarios. The influence of noise was also illustrated in the microseismic monitoring case. The synthetic and real data examples were used to demonstrate the advantages that the sign-bit constraint provided over a previously proposed CS approach using the adjoint operator. The improvement in the imaging results obtained with and without the sign-bit constraint was quantified by estimating the ratio of the image amplitude at the source position with respect to the background. Images obtained with the sign-bit constraint present larger ratios and more condensed amplitude anomalies, which translate into more confident event detections and smaller location uncertainties.
Data-driven selection of the minimum-gradient support parameter in time-lapse focused electric imaging
Authors: Nguyen Frederic , Kemna Andreas , Robert Tanguy , Hermans Thomas
Published: June 2016

We have considered the problem of the choice of the minimum-gradient support (MGS) parameter in focused inversion for time-lapse (TL) electric resistivity tomography. Most existing approaches have relied either on an arbitrary choice of this parameter or one based on the prior information, such as the expected contrast in the TL image. We have decided to select the MGS parameter using a line search based on the value of the TL data root-mean-square misfit at the first iteration of the nonlinear inversion procedure. The latter was based on a Gauss-Newton scheme minimizing a regularized objective function in which the regularization functional was defined by the MGS functional. The regularization parameter was optimized to achieve a certain target level, following the Occam principles. We have validated our approach on a synthetic benchmark using a complex and heterogeneous model and determined its effectiveness on electric tomography TL data collected during a salt tracer experiment in fractured limestone. Our results have determined that the approach was successful in retrieving the focused anomaly and did not rely on prior information.
Post-Earthquake Reconnaissance of Unreinforced and Retrofitted Masonry Parapets
Authors: Giaretton Marta , Dizhur Dmytro , da Porto Francesca , Ingham Jason M.
Published: June 2016

Unrestrained unreinforced clay brick masonry (URM) parapets are freestanding wall elements found atop a large number of vintage URM buildings. Parapets are considered to be one of the most vulnerable nonstructural components that are prone to out-of-plane collapse when subjected to earthquake induced shaking. Using data collected during the earthquake reconnaissance efforts, 959 URM parapets were identify to be in existence in the Christchurch (New Zealand) area prior to 2010, with 60% (580) of them having collapsed during the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence. Construction details and observed performance of both as-built and retrofitted parapets were documented. The reported study provides an inventory of observed parapet failure modes and a critical review of commonly encountered parapet retrofits and their respective seismic performance.
Patient-Reported Burden of a Neuroendocrine Tumor (NET) Diagnosis: Results From the First Global Survey of Patients With NETs
Authors: Singh Simron , Granberg Dan , Wolin Edward , Warner Richard , Sissons Maia , Kolarova Teodora , Goldstein Grace , Pavel Marianne , Öberg Kjell , Leyden John
Published: June 2016

Purpose

Despite the considerable impact of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) on patients’ daily lives, the journey of the patient with a NET has rarely been documented, with published data to date being limited to small qualitative studies. NETs are heterogeneous malignancies with nonspecific symptomology, leading to extensive health care use and diagnostic delays that affect survival. A large, international patient survey was conducted to increase understanding of the experience of the patient with a NET and identify unmet needs, with the aim of improving disease awareness and care worldwide.

Methods

An anonymous, self-reported survey was conducted (online or on paper) from February to May 2014, recruiting patients with NETs from > 12 countries as a collaboration between the International Neuroendocrine Cancer Alliance and Novartis Pharmaceuticals. Survey questions captured information on sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, NET diagnostic experience, disease impact/management, interaction with medical teams, NET knowledge/awareness, and sources of information. This article reports the most relevant findings on patient experience with NETs and the impact of NETs on health care system resources.

Results

A total of 1,928 patients with NETs participated. A NET diagnosis had a substantially negative impact on patients’ personal and work lives. Patients reported delayed diagnosis and extensive NET-related health care resource use. Patients desired improvement in many aspects of NET care, including availability of a wider range of NET-specific treatment options, better access to NET experts or specialist centers, and a more knowledgeable, better-coordinated/-aligned NET medical team.

Conclusion

This global patient-reported survey demonstrates the considerable burden of NETs with regard to symptoms, work and daily life, and health care resource use, and highlights considerable unmet needs. Further intervention is required to improve the patient experience among those with NETs.