bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS, MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA DO SOLO E PRODUÇÃO DE CAPIM MARANDU EM SISTEMA DE INTEGRAÇÃO LAVOURA-PECUÁRIA-FLORESTA
Authors: Souza J. F. D. , Perusso R. L. S. , Bonini C. S. B. , Souza C. T. , Lupatini G. C. , Andrighetto C. , Mateus G. P. , Pedro F. G.
Published: April 2019

O sistema integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta tem a característica de integrar culturas pastagens, componentes arbóreos e animais herbívoros em uma mesma área. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os atributos físicos e matéria orgânica de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico em um sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta que está sendo conduzido desde o ano de 2012, bem como a produção de capim marandu. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e composto por quatro tratamentos: T1 - integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP); T2 - sistema agrossilvipastoril, com sombreamento de 1 linha de eucalipto (ILPF 1L); T3 - sistema agrossilvipastoril, com sombreamento de 3 linhas de eucalipto (ILPF 3L); e T4 plantio exclusivo de eucalipto (bosque). Foram avaliados os atributos estudados durante o período de junho de 2017 a maio de 2018. Avaliou-se a estabilidade de agregados, porosidade do solo (macro e micro), infiltração de água no solo, resistência mecânica a penetração e umidade do solo, matéria orgânica e a produção de massa seca de forragem. Os resultados mostram que houve diferença significativa para a macroporosidade e resistência a penetração. A maior produção de forragem foi observada no T1 onde não havia efeito de sombreamento
Jean-Claude Pinson : une « poéthique » du « poétariat »
Authors: Fernández Erquicia Irati
Published: April 2019

Poète et philosophe contemporain, Jean-Claude Pinson explore volontiers sa double démarche philosophique et poétique, qui est précisément celle qui octroie à son travail avec les mots sa spécificité.Dans cet article, nous étudierons deux des notions les plus évoquées par Pinson: celle de «poéthique», avec laquelle il tente d’explorer la part de vécu que la poésie s’efforce de saisir, et celle de «poétariat», qui désigne l’être capable de résister à l’émergence du capitalisme culturel et au grand développement des technologies de la communication. Pour l’étude de ces notions, nous aurons recours à plusieurs essais théoriques et philosophiques de Pinson, ainsi qu’à des extraits de certains de ses recueils poétiques, qui nous permettront de conclure qu’il souhaite maintenir un rapport permanent entre poésie et philosophie pour ainsi s’emparer de la dimension existentielle au sein du poème, et parvenir de cette manière à refonder un lien plus tangible avec le réel et les individus dans un contexte contemporain où nous tendons vers la perte de l’expérience du réel.
Qualidade de mudas de manga ‘Maranhão’ irrigadas com água salina e uso de biofertilizante bovino
Authors: De Azevedo Santos Sebastiana Joelma , De Oliveira Freire José Lucínio , Camêlo Guimarães George Henrique , Lima Cruz Tadeu Macryne
Published: April 2019

The mango tree (var. Maranhão) is a fruit of great relevance in regions with semiarid climate. However, knowledge about the effect of salinity on seedling growth is still incipient. The seedling formation phase is of great importance for the establishment of vigorous plants in the field. Therefore, the research was conducted with the objective of evaluating the mango (var. Maranhão) seedlings irrigated with different saline levels in substrate with and without bovine biofertilizer. The experiment was installed in the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba, Campus Picuí, in a randomized block design with four replications, in a 6 x 2 factorial arrangement, corresponding to six levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0,5; 2,0; 3,5; 5,0; 6,5 and 8,0 dS m-1), on substrates without and with bovine biofertilizer. The substrate was obtained from a mixture of soil and part of bovine manure in a 2: 1 ratio. The bovine biofertilizer was obtained, 30 days before sowing, from the aerobic fermentation of fresh manure. The dry mass of the leaf was affected as a consequence of the increase of the salinity in the soil solution and, consequently, the decrease of the availability and the absorption of water. However, in the treatments with bovine biofertilizer, the leaf dry mass was significantly higher in relation to the soil without the organic input. It was verified that the differences between the values of the plants cultivated in substrates with biofertilizer surpassed those of plants cultivated in substrates without biofertilizer. It is concluded that the increase in saline levels of water used for irrigation impairs the growth of mango trees (var. Maranhão), mainly after 3,5 dS m -1 of electrical conductivity and that the use of the bovine liquid biofertilizer promotes the formation of seedlings of better quality, with higher growth and accumulation of dry mass.
Avances tecnológicos y las fluctuaciones económicas: evidencia del sector de la manufactura de Puerto Rico
Authors: Toledo Wilfredo
Published: April 2019

Las teorías de los ciclos económicos reales predicen que, a corto plazo, el insumo de trabajo se mueve en la misma dirección que los cambios en la tecnología, mientras que en los modelos keynesianos sucede lo contrario. Un problema que surge al pretender examinar empíricamente estos planteamientos es la disponibilidad de indicadores de tecnología. El objetivo de este artículo es el aplicar, para el caso de Puerto Rico, la sugerencia hecha por Galí (1999) para identificar los impulsos tecnológicos en un modelo de vectores autorregresivos (VAR).
Foreign aid policy and its growth effect in Nepal
Authors: Bista Rishav
Published: April 2019

Donors are perplexed, as aid has been unable to reinforce growth in many underdeveloped countries. In this paper, specific attention has been diverted towards various issues pertinent to the aid-growth relationship; in particular, we discuss Nepal due to its uniqueness. A general conclusion is that donors should conduct more research to country-specific problems and attributes, such as the sociocultural factors before they disburse any kind of aid. In case of Nepal, the country would be better off if the donors assume exclusive control over the project and work directly with the local bodies, NGOs or other consulting companies, rather than the government.
DESVELAMENTO CRÍTICO EM SEXUALIDADE DESENVOLVIDO COM IDOSAS COMO DISPOSITIVO DE AVALIAÇÃO EDUCATIVA DIALÓGICA
Authors: Murio Ribeiro Rodrigues Daysi Mara , Sescon Nogueira Iara , Harumi Higarashi Ieda , Teresinha Schülter Buss Heidemann Ivonete , Denardi Antoniassi Baldissera Vanessa
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: analisar as percepções sobre sexualidade e os respectivos desvelamentos críticos apreendidos nos Círculos de Cultura desenvolvidos com mulheres idosas. Método: pesquisa avaliativa, de abordagem qualitativa e construtivista, realizada durante os meses de junho e julho de 2014 em um município localizado no Noroeste do estado do Paraná, Brasil. Foi centrada na etapa do desvelamento crítico do referencial do Círculo de Cultura de Freire e precedida pelas etapas de Investigação Temática, por meio do levantamento das Situações-limites e definição dos Temas Geradores, Codificação e Descodificação. Resultados: os seguintes desvelamentos críticos foram apreendidos: compreensão biopsicossocial da sexualidade; compreensão das diferenças sociais e psicológicas da sexualidade; e compreensão da sexualidade enquanto vivência na terceira idade. Conclusão: as mulheres idosas reconheceram a percepção biopsicossocial da sexualidade e compreenderam suas diferenças sociais e psicológicas bem como as diferentes formas de prazer possíveis em qualquer fase da vida, demonstrando aspectos positivos da proposta dialógica adotada e alcançando o objetivo da libertação, emancipando saberes.

Descritores: Sexualidade. Educação em Saúde. Envelhecimento. Mulheres. Saúde do Idoso.
Trabalho, identidade e reconhecimento a "captura" da subjetividade do trabalhador no capitalismo contemporâneo: uma estratégia frustada?
Authors: Coutinho Aldacy Rachid , Cirino Samia Moda
Published: April 2019

O presente artigo analisa os impactos sobre a saúde mental dos trabalhadores decorrentes das estratégias de captura da subjetividade implementadas na organização do trabalho após a reestruturação produtiva do capitalismo. A partir de estudos da psicodinâmica do trabalho, demonstra-se a importância da atividade laboral para a construção e estabilização da identidade do sujeito, bem como a impossibilidade de reconhecimento da contribuição da atividade laboral no atual modelo de exploração do trabalho. Com fulcro em pesquisas empíricas realizadas em montadoras de veículos, buscou-se entender a consciência dos empregados desse segmento em relação à sua atividade laboral sob a égide desse novo modelo organizacional. Além disso, buscou-se identificar eventuais estratégias desenvolvidas individual e coletivamente pelos trabalhadores como forma de resistência à tentativa de captura da subjetividade e de continuidade da luta por reconhecimento e autorrealização pelo trabalho.
Deveres estatais de proteção da fauna e direito fundamental de livre exercício de culto: o caso do Recurso Extraordinário 494.601
Authors: Steinmetz Wilson
Published: April 2019

Examinam-se criticamente dois votos proferidos no Recurso Extraordinário 494.601, cujo julgamento está em andamento no Supremo Tribunal Federal. O objetivo é apontar os equívocos interpretativos e argumentativos no exame de constitucionalidade de norma legal estadual que excepcionou os cultos e liturgias de origem africana da proibição de tratamento cruel contra animais. Conclui-se que não há norma constitucional e legal que proíbe o sacrífico de animais em cultos religiosos, contudo é vedado o tratamento cruel contra animais para todos, inclusive no exercício de culto.
Imagens de mulheres negras e indígenas nos livros didáticos dos territórios campesinos brasileiro e colombiano
Authors: Silva Janssen Felipe , Sartore Anna Rita , Dos Santos Aline Renata
Published: April 2019

Este artigo é um recorte da pesquisa de mestrado realizada no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco e trata das imagens de mulheres negras e indígenas nos livros didáticos (LD) dos territórios campesinos do Brasil e da Colômbia. Objetivamos compreender os lugares e as funções das mulheres negras e das indígenas nas imagens dos LD. A lente teórica é o diálogo entre o Feminismo Latino-americano e os Estudos Pós-coloniais, e para a análise dos dados utilizamos a Análise de Conteúdo via Análise Temática (BARDIN, 2011) e a Semiótica (PEIRCE, 2005). Os resultados apontaram que os lugares e as funções de mulheres negras e indígenas retratadas nas imagens nos LD apresentam marcas da patriarcalização que se articulam à interseccionalidade de gênero, de raça-etnia e de território.
Critical Care Nursing in Hong Kong
Authors: So Hang Mui , Cao Xi
Published: April 2019

Background: Nursing shortage, especially in critical care unit, has become a big concern worldwide. Aim: This study aimed to provide the current states of critical care nursing in Hong Kong. Methods: A literature search was conducted. Findings were narratively summarized. Findings: Hong Kong faces an increasing demands in critical care service. However, the shortage of nursing manpower in ICU imposes challenges to meet such demands as well as the quality of critical care. Hospital authority has implemented various strategies such as the development of practice through Specialty Advisory Group (Critical Care) and Coordinating Committee in Intensive Care to address these issues. Conclusion: Efforts from all stakeholders are needed to meet the demands and improve the quality of critical care.
Difference of Radial Access and Femoral Access on Patient Outcomes in Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Cao Xi , Fung Sui Ying , Lai Yuen Yi , Chair Sek Ying , Chew Han Shi Jocelyn
Published: April 2019

Background: Transfemoral and transradial are two common approaches for performing cardiac catheterization, while there is no consensus on which one is superior to the other. Aim: This paper aimed to compare the effect of transfemoral and transradial approaches on patient's outcomes in terms of back pain, vascular complications, and urinary discomfort in those undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Methods: A secondary data analysis method was used. Results: The results showed that transradial access could significantly reduce back pain compared to femoral access. While no significant difference was found for vascular complications and urinary discomfort between the two methods. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that transradial approach could reduce patients' back pain without increasing the incidence of vascular complications. Additionally, with early mobility, nursing care time could be reduced. Thus, it can be used as an alternative approach for the transfemoral approach.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF YE. N. IVANOVA’S IDEAS OF THE SOIL GENESIS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOMI
Authors: Lapteva E. M. , Shamrikova Ye. V.
Published: April 2019

The paper is devoted to Yeugenia Nikolaevna Ivanova, an out-standing soil scientist and a founder of soil studies in the Republic of Komi. A brief review of the latest successes achieved by special-ists of the Institute of Biology in the Republic of Komi shows the development of Ye.N. Ivanova’s ideas presented in the publication entitled “Principal Regularities of the Soil Cover along the North-Pechora Railway” (1952).
SOIL-AGROMELIORATIVE REGIONALIZATION AS AN INFORMATION BASE FOR THE SOIL COVER INVENTORY OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS IN RUSSIA
Authors: Bulgakov D. S. , Rozhkov V. A. , Karmanov I. I.
Published: April 2019

Under consideration is a regionalization version corrected with the aim to renew taxons, to give a new interpretation of farming systems and to specify the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the soil cover in agricultural areas. It is of great interest from the historical viewpoint, permitting to study the stages in the development of the purposeful regionalization. The present data may be useful for elaborating new specialized regionalization using the modern GIS-technologies for forecasting the development of agriculture in the nearest future.
TRANSFORMATION OF CLAY MINERALS IN SOILS OF SANDY DESERTS UNDER DIFFERENT SAXAUL SPECIES
Authors: Chizhikova N. P. , Lebedeva M. P.
Published: April 2019

As a result of experimental studies carried out for the first time with the aim at determining the impact of black (Haloxylon aphyllum) and white Saxaul (Haloxylon persicum) on the mineralogical composition of fine-dispersed fractions in sandy desert soils, it seemed reasonable to conclude that the transformation of minerals is quite different in soils used under different Saxaul species. This is explained by differences in biogeochemical turnover of elements in soils under black Saxaul and as a consequence by a higher Na content in the litter and the soda for-mation in the soil profile. The latter serves as a cause of alkalinization of soil solutions and transformation of minerals affected by alkaline hydrolysis.
THE USE OF NDVI PROFILES FOR ESTIMATING THE QUALITY OF ARABLE LANDS (EXEMPLIFIED BY THE BAKSAN REGION IN KABARDINO-BALKARIA)
Authors: Savin I. Yu. , Tanov E. , Kharzinov S.
Published: April 2019

A new approach to estimating the quality of arable lands was developed as based upon MODIS-derived satellite data. The essence of the approach consists in an expert analysis of NDVI curves created separately for different crop groups in the last 10–12 years as well as the inter-annual variability of the NDVI seasonal maximum, whose value was used as an indicator for the crop state and yield on different fields. The nature of NDVI curves allowed expertly classifying the groups, characterizing the winter, early spring and late spring crops. The approach to estimating the quality of arable lands was approved on the example of the Baksan region in Kabardino-Balkaria. All the arable lands have been comprehensively analyzed in the region, the mask of which was created by visual interpretation of field boundaries using LANDSAT satellite data. The temporary NDVI profiles were obtained by the satellite service VEGA. Based upon the given method all the fields in the region were classified according to the quality of arable lands. The obtained data may be used in cadastre surveys for objective estimate of lands and optimal arrangement of the main agricultural crops in this Republic, being applicable in the other regions of the Russian Federation.
Principles, structure and taxonomic units in the russian and international (WRB) systems of soil classification
Authors: Gerasimova M. I.
Published: April 2019

Two classification systems under comparison differ in objects, terminology, hierarchical levels, and approaches to identify soils. However, they have some common features: both systems are oriented to soil properties and apply the pedogenetic concepts, on one hand; on the other hand, the results, namely, some of the soil taxonomic units are similar. The second-level units of WRB, representing the classification rather than the reference base, display a certain correlation with the subtype level in the Russian soil classification system. This level in two systems may be qualified as a really active, and it contains the most complete genetic characteristic of a soil; moreover, there is a similarity in criteria for qualifiers in WRB and genetic features (producing subtypes) in the Russian system. The difference between two classification systems is manifested in the number and essence of diagnostic horizons because they perform different functions. In the International system, they mainly serve for recognition of soils (in the key), while they directly identify genetic soil types in the Russian system.
Numerical methods to recognize the soil types in the forest steppe
Authors: Koposov G. F. , Valeeva A. A.
Published: April 2019

The authors generalized and summarized original and literature data with the view of studying the gray and dark-gray soils in the Volga-Kama forest steppe. The methods of multidimensional statistics permitted to determine the position of these soils in the available soil classification system. A great number of soils described by different researchers within the framework of Russian soil classification system (1977) were formalized in conformity with that published in 2004. In the latest classification system of soils in Russia the reliable differences in the humus horizon of gray and dark-gray soils are shown in the content of humus, exchangeable bases, clay fraction, acidity and thickness as well as in the thickness of the leached layer (up to the C horizon) and the humus storage within the one meter of soil (t/ha). The methods of numerical classification allowed determining discriminated functions and classify more exactly the studied soils in the Volga-Kama forest steppe. Based upon statistic processing of the obtained data the limits for properties of the humus horizon are suggested to distinguish the gray and dark-gray soils. The visual imagination widely adopted now to recognize the types of gray and dark-gray soils should be added by limits of their varying properties. The obtained results presented in this paper may be useful to improve the idea on properties of gray forest soils. The suggested criteria to recognize the studied soils may be applicable for studying and systematizing these soils as well as for purposes of land use, elaboration of regional database and in projects of ecological territory optimization.
Position of soils and soil-like formations of football grounds in the soil classification system
Authors: Zamotaev I. V. , Belobrov V. P.
Published: April 2019

Under consideration is the classification of soils and soil-like formations in special landscapes and the football ground in particular. The latter is usually represented by soils subjected to human impacts of varying intensity: from weakly transformed by technogenic processes to artificial soils or technogenic superficial formations. The objects of research are more than 40 football grounds in Russia and the Republic of Byelarus. They differ in the age (exploitation time), regular and intensive technogenic loads, natural conditions and soil properties. The football grounds under study were divided into 3 groups: sports-ground at the age of its exploitation (less than 5 years), sports-mass grounds (30-50 years) and professional football grounds (50-75 years). Every group of football grounds is characteristic of soils and technogenic superficial formations represented by (1) technogenic-natural soils, (2) technogenically transformed soils and (3) technogenic superficial formations. The first two groups include the surface-transformed and disturbed soils, the natural profile of which is weakly changed. The technogenic superficial formations artificially constructed on the buried horizons of natural soils are highly subjected to technogenesis. In dependence on natural and technogenic conditions, age or exploitation time, peculiar features of soil stratum on football grounds it is possible to recognize a postlithogenic type of soddy-podzolic soils as well as 3 synlithogenic types represented by techno-soddy podzolic soil and 2 types of technogenic superficial formations including primitive and soddy quasizems. The evolution trends are striving to develop three subtypes of soddy quasizems under all the bioclimatic conditions including lessive, gleyic and solonetzic ones, whereas under humid conditions of the Moscow region there exist 5 subtypes of techno-soddy podzolic soils represented by lessive, gleyic, technogenically overcompacted, residual-carbonate and chemically polluted ones.
The development of the concept of ecosystem services: A review of foreign Publications
Authors: Konyushkov D. E.
Published: April 2019

Foreign publications devoted to the problems of determination and valuation of ecosystem services and their practical application in planning economic activities are under review. This direction of studies is being rapidly developed. It was clearly shaped after the global Millennium Ecosystem Assessment performed in 2005 on the initiative of the United Nations. In the recent decade, this direction has got an official status; specialized journals have been founded; regular conferences and workshops have been conducted. The number of publications in this field has increased considerably. The contribution of soil scientists to the valuation of ecosystem services remains modest. It is argued that the assessment and valuation of the ecosystem services of soils is a promising direction for soil science. Ecosystem services are subdivided into the groups of provisional, regulating, cultural, and supporting services. The latter group is considered the natural basis ensuring the efficient performance of other ecosystem services with their direct or indirect impact on human well-being. The assessment of ecosystem services implies three major directions: ecological, economic (monetary), and social. For each of the groups of ecosystem services, specific methods of their economic valuation are applied. Thus, provisional services are mainly assessed according to their market values. The contribution of provisional services to the total value of ecosystem services is relatively small. Regulating services are often estimated by the avoided cost and replacement cost methods, and cultural services (recreation, inspiration source, aesthetic value, spiritual value) are valued by the travel cost method. The methods of nonmarketable valuation are essentially based on the willingness-to-pay approach. Upon valuation of ecosystem services at the local level, a systems approach should be applied; it is necessary to taken into account cooperation bonus obtained by the particular stakeholders. It should also be noted that the removal of additional pressures from ecosystems in a given place might result in the increase of the anthropogenic loads on ecosystems in other places. The separation, mapping, and valuation of ecosystem services are performed with an ultimate goal to ensure sustainable development of the society and human well-being. The ecological and economic approaches in this field are actually aimed at strengthening of the role of market mechanisms in the environmental protection policy.
Methodology and categories of studying depositary, biogeocenotic, ecological and service functions of soils
Authors: Ivanov A. L.
Published: April 2019

The methodology, structure and major categories of fundamental studies are considered to be carried out within the framework of the Program adopted by the Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences in accordance with the priority trend in “Depositary functions, indication technology of the state and risks of soil degradation in the system of planning and rational environment conservation in Russia”. These studies are foreseen to be realized according to 5 projects including digital remote sensing inventory and monitoring of arable lands; transformation, evolution and degradation of soils due to agrogenesis and global climate changes; depositary and ecological functions of soils in agrolandscapes; optimal use of the soil resources; analysis of the soil microbiome index in processes associated with the soil formation, organic matter transformation and fine regulation of the vegetative process. Theoretically the above program is based upon the available typology and the system of agro-ecological valuation of lands; methodology and projecting of adaptive-landscape systems in agriculture; the development of the theory of creating and functioning of plant-microbial associations; methods of taxonomic identification of more than 100 soil microbiomes and the development of the theory of soil ecological functions. This methodology differs from available approaches by the fact that the study of soil functions (function groups) is carried out as based upon the statistic and dynamic description of the energy-mass exchange processes at global biosphere levels and services rendered by the soil at the current stage of the human society’s development. A block-scheme of studies and methods has been elaborated. The empiric analysis, physical modeling, the state simulation in space are used at the depositary level. Biocenotic functions are described on the basis of studying the cycles of transformation, monitoring, metagenome indication, digital inventory and the other up-to-date technologies. The objects, categories, basic trends in transformation, evolution and degradation of soils as well as the adaptation, management and regulation practices have been determined; the results of scientific and applied studies are expected to be successfully obtained.
The Method of Microbiological Soil Investigations within the Framework of the Project “Microbiome of Russia”
Authors: Chernov T. I. , Kholodov V. A. , Kogut B. M. , Ivanov A. L.
Published: April 2019

The methods of Russian soil biology for the purposes of the investigations of soils microbiome were studied. The most important methods are cross-disciplinary investigations of plant and microbial interactions, the role of microbiome in the forming of soil fertility and carbon cycle. For the purposes of the most complete description of soil microbiome functions we suggest to combine the methods of metagenomics (for the purposes of the assessment of the phylogenic diversity of the microorganisms), biomarkers analysis (for the purposes of determination of the functional diversity) and the changes in the enzyme activity (for the purposes of the assessment of the actual functioning of soils). The investigation of correlation of the structural soil hierarchy (from aggregates and microloci to the soil areas) and levels of microbial community organization (from microbial populations to bio-geographic regularities) will allow us to understand better the distribution and common specificities of soil and microorganisms interactions. Along with the investigation of spatial organization we suggest to study the dynamics of the soil microbiomes on different time lines: short-term changes (on the field monitoring areas), transformation during the soil forming process (on the “chronosequences” of the soil of a different age) and at the geologic time scale (on the example of buried soils). In this paper we consider the importance of the investigation of the diversity of the soil microorganisms as a source of the suppressing activity of soils as the largest depository of genetic information, important agent of the emission and fixation of atmospheric carbon. The comparative analysis of microbial diversity of disturbed and undisturbed soils and the assessment of outer impact on the soil microbiome is necessary for the preservation of soil biodiversity as one of the most valuable ecologic and biotechnologic resource.
The Specificities of the Temperature Regime of Seasonaly Freezing Soils of Tundra Landscape of European North East of Russia
Authors: Kaverin D. A. , Pastukhov A. V.
Published: April 2019

The specificities of temperature regime of automorphic clayey soils forming under the suffruticous and shrub vegetation within the zone of tundra and forest tundra in the European North-East were studied. As the objects of investigation we chose the organic cryometamorphic soils and cryometamorphic gleezems; in the both soil types the CRM cryometamorphic horizon is developed. The soils are formed in conditions of long-termed seasonal freezing at the absence (deep occurrence) of the permafrost rocks. The dynamics near the zero temperatures (zero curtains) is characterized. The hypothesis, concerning the role of zero curtains in the sustaining of the specific angular-grainy structure within the mass of cryometamorphic horizons is formulated. The mass of cryometamorphic horizons and the depth of present-day zero curtains, which observed at the long-term seasonal soil freezing, correlate to each other. The impact of suffruticous and shrub vegetation on the specificities of winter and summer soil temperature regime is determined. We discovered that the main differences between the soils developing under suffruticous and shrub vegetation tundras are stipulated by the different intensity of the snow accumulation within these areas. The soils that are developed under the shrub vegetation are warmer than soils developed under the suffruticous tundra, where permafrost may occur at the depth of 2-3 cm. In general, seasonaly freezing tundra soils are located in the middle of the range of the automorphic clay loamy soils in the tundra-taiga ecotone of European North-East of Russia, and occupy the niche between permafrost tundra and non-permafrost north taiga soils.
The Input of the Climatic Factors in the Temperature Regime of Soils of Discontinuous Permafrost of Northern Taiga of Western Siberia
Authors: Goncharova O. Yu. , Matyshak G. V. , Bobrik A. A. , Petrov D. G. , Tarkhov M. O. , Udovenko M. M.
Published: April 2019

The results of the four-year study of the temperature regime of soils of three common landscapes of northern taiga in Western Siberia, located in the area of discontinuous permafrost, are presented. The soils of lumpy peatlands are characterized by mild permafrost annual regime with very cold summer and moderately cold winter. Temperature regime of the forest soils may be characterized as cold long-time seasonally freezing mild with very cold summer and moderately cold winter. The soils of the investigated region are functioning in conditions of the narrow range of temperatures: at the depth of 20 cm for the soils of all of the landscapes, the temperatures vary within the range of -2.5 to 0°С. This occurs due to their high moisture, low thermal conductivity, specificities of snow cover regime and the freezing effect of permafrost rocks. Annual temperature soil indices are characterized by the weak correlation to the mean annual specificities of air temperature regime. We discovered the direct correlation of annual soil temperature regime and the dynamics of the snow cover (with average and maximal thickness, and thawing date), and with winter N-factor (surface temperature index), and accumulative positive temperatures. Since isolating activity of the vegetation is significantly lower than that of snow (summer N- factors 0.7-0.9), annual fluctuations of summer air temperatures will significantly affect the temperature regime of soils and geo-cryologic situation of the region in general.
Опыт создания и содержание почвенно-экологической карты Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа
Authors: Mikhailov I. S. , Mikhailov S. I.
Published: April 2019

The soil ecologic map of Yamal-Nenets autonomic district reflects the state of the soil cover of the territory of this subject of Russian Federation. The map is created with application of GIS technologies and remote sensing methods. The new information and application of the remote sensing methods allowed us to increase significantly the number of soil contours, verify their borders, manifest the areas of lands, which were disturbed during the hydrocarbon crude mining. We marked the soil contours on the map. These contours show the dominating and accompanying soil types, the structure of the soil cover as soil sequences and complexes. Some layers present the information about the parent rocks and topography conditions for the marked contours. As a separate layer we showed the soil geographic regions, which differ in the composition of the soil cover. The specificities of the regional soil cover is accurately reflected on the soil-ecological map of the district. More than 4000 separations are marked, which show the combinations of soils: sequences, complexes, homogenous areas. The map contains the 4 layers of information about the separations besides the characteristics of the soil cover: texture, topography characteristics, contour area, the relation to soil-geographic region. The territory is divided on 50 soil-geographic regions, which differ by the specificities of the soil cover. The most attention was paid to the lands, which were disturbed by the human activity. Along with the areas of the soil distribution, the separate contours mark the land areas of towns, and those which were disturbed by the mining of oil and gas. The map shows the distribution of the soil cover, and the character of the surface deposits. It answers the questions occurring during its study, environmental protection and agricultural lands cultivation, including the distribution of infrastructure objects and the problems of distant-pasture deer farming.
The changes in soil-biological processes and structure of microbial community of agrochernozems in conditions of different ways of soil cultivation
Authors: Kutovaya O. V. , Grebennikov A. M. , Tkhakakhova A. K. , Isaev V. A. , Garmashov V. M. , Bespalov V. A. , Cheverdin Yu. I. , Belobrov V. P.
Published: April 2019

The impact of soil cultivation methods (tillage with soil overturning at a depth of 20-22 and 14-16 cm, beardless plowing and surface treatment respectively at a depth of 14-16 and 6-8 cm, and also zero or minimal tillage)) on biological activity of various ecology-trophic groups of microorganisms on agronochernozems of the Kamennaya Steppe (Voronezh oblast) using classical inoculation methods on elective media. It is shown that chernozems are highly resistant soils that are resistant to external impacts, preserving high biological activity even at the maximum mechanical treatment. Tillage with soil overturn leads to aeration of the arable horizon and the activity initiation of aerobic microorganisms of the carbon cycle, responsible for the mineralization of both complex and simple organic compounds of the soil. The contribution of microorganisms of the nitrogen cycle (nitrate-reducers and nitrogen fixers) to the overall biological activity of migratory-micellar chernozems of arable land and layland was minimal. The level of mechanical impact on the soil affects the quantitative indices and biological activity of microorganisms in the soil - the stronger the effect, the deeper layers are affected. The processes of entrance for fresh organic matter prevail over the processes of mineralization practically in all variants of the experiment, except for tillage with the soil overturn to a depth of 14-16 cm, as indicated by the values of the mineralization coefficients. The strongest humus-accumulative effect was observed in the variant with zero treatment, which is maximally approximated to such processes, occurred in a layland. Minimal soil cultivation will help to preserve the unique structure of chernozem soil, to increase the flow of fresh organic remains, to preserve the high biological diversity which is specific for natural biocenosises.
The negative allosteric modulator of mGluR5, MPEP, potentiates the rewarding properties of cocaine in priming-induced reinstatement of CPP
Authors: Manzanedo Carmen , Mateos-García Ana , Miñarro José , Arenas M. Carmen
Published: April 2019

Cocaine addiction is a chronic disorder with high relapse rates; therefore, understanding the neuronal mechanisms underlying drug-seeking during relapse is a priority to develop targeted pharmacotherapy. The metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) seems to be involved in the reinstatement induced by cocaine-associated cues. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of MPEP, a negative allosteric modulator of mGluR5, in attenuating or potentiating the reinstatement induced by priming doses of cocaine in the CPP paradigm, ultimately to further knowledge regarding the role of the mGluR5 in relapse into cocaine abuse. OF1 mice (48 female and 48 male) were conditioned in the CPP paradigm with cocaine (20 mg/kg) and were exposed to an extinction program. We evaluated the efficacy of MPEP (30 mg/kg) in blocking the successive cocaine-priming reinstatements in the CPP when extinction of the conditioning preference was confirmed. MPEP did not block the reinstatement of priming cocaine-induced CPP, but increased the potential of cocaine for reinstating conditioning preference. The contingent administration of MPEP with cocaine increased the drug-seeking behaviour and the number of reinstatements with priming doses of cocaine. Moreover, MPEP produced cross reinstatement of cocaine-induced CPP. Rather than preventing the reinstatements of conditioned preference induced by priming doses of cocaine, MPEP increased them. These findings may help to understand the role of mGluR5 in the relapse into cocaine abuse.
Metrological assurance of dioxin measurements. A certified reference material for measuring the dioxin mass fraction in animal fat
Authors: Budko A. G. , Mikheeva A. Y. , Krylov A. I.
Published: April 2019

The paper presents information on the development of a new certified reference material (CRM) for mass fraction of dioxins in animal fat, with established metrological traceability. A procedure for preparing and certifying CRM material is given. The GC–LRMS method with isotopic dilution was used as an analytical method for establishing certified characteristics. The uncertainties due to inhomogeneity and instability of the CRM material were estimated in order to account for their contribution to the uncertainty of certified values. In addition, the results of interlaboratory comparisons (ILC) for an experimental batch of the developed CRM are presented. Measurement results provided by ILC participants are shown to be in good agreement with the certified characteristics of the CRM. The certified values of dioxin mass fractions (PCDF group) in the CRM material are established to vary from 1 to 1000 ng / kg, with the relative expanded uncertainty ranging from 10 to 20 %.
Development of interlaboratory comparison test samples and reference materials for the quality assurance of air composition measurements
Authors: Bogacheva A. M. , Ponomareva O. B. , Kanaeva Yu. V.
Published: April 2019

Introduction. The article presents an approach to the development of interlaboratory comparison test samples and respective reference materials for use in the metrological assurance of measurements of hazardous substances in the ambient air. Materials and methods. Solid and liquid sorbents, as well as air filters were used in the experiments. Measurement methods comprised photometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Results. An optimized algorithm for developing multi-purpose test samples that can be used for the metrological assurance of a large number of methods for analysing ambient air is presented. Discussion and conclusions. The described approach has been used to develop test samples for laboratory proficiency testing and respective reference materials, which can be used in the certification of procedures for analysing ambient air quality, calibration of measurement instruments, as well as in the internal and external quality control of results obtained during ambient air quality measurements.
A Secure and Optimal Method of Steganography Using Bit Combination and Dynamical Rotation over Addresses
Authors: Okello Moses
Published: April 2019

Steganography is the branch of cryptology that deals with concealing information inside another information. it’s prefer over cryptography as it hides a message inside another innocent looking message, while cryptography shows scrambled message that might arouse attention of an attacker, however the challenges in steganography is the modification of carrier that causes some abnormalities which is detectable and often the methods are not optimize. This paper presents a novel approach in cryptography and steganography, which utilizes mathematical concept of bits combination to optimize time of transmission using sets of multiple transmitter, and receiver’s addresses where each abstractly represents a bits combination without itself modified. In addition, the paper introduces a concept of dynamical clockwise and anti-clockwise rotation of bits combination over addresses after every transmission to reinforce resistivity against steganalysis.
Systematics, Evolution, and Phylogeography of Montiaceae (Portulacineae)
Authors: Hershkovitz Mark
Published: April 2019

Montiaceae (Portulacineae) comprise a clade of at least 268 species plus ca. 27 subspecific taxa primarily of western North America, the Chilean Floristic Region, and temperate Australasia.  This work uses existing phylogenetic metadata to elaborate a new cladistic taxonomic synthesis.  A total of 24 taxa are validated, nine new and 15 necessary nomenclatural recombinations.  Hypotheses of Montiaceae historical biogeographical, ecological, and phenotypic evolution are evaluated in light of recent metadata and in terms of classical, contemporary, and novel systematic and evolutionary epistemology.
The Design of an Adaptive Content Management Learning System for Children with Autism
Authors: Ismail Khaled , Jomhari Nazean
Published: April 2019

The prevalence of autism in children in the world is estimated as one per 62 children, higher levels reported in some countries. These children experience significant problems with the development of social, behavioural and verbal and non-verbal communication skills. The skills impairment levels varies from an individual to another and that made teaching autistics a challenge for caregivers such as teachers and relatives. Hence, there are quite a number of frameworks of a software learning systems which focus on gaining the children’s attention using representational visual illustration as a learning method instead of the textual form. However, majority of these tools are lacking the personalisation ability to suite everyone in the spectrum. Assistive technology offers an alternative way to attract children with autism. Therefore, this research is proposing an Adaptive Content Management Learning System (ACMLS) model to assist caregivers to produce, design and fine-tune or customise the learning materials appropriately so that the system interface and the materials are suitable for every individual in the spectrum according to each child personal profile aiming to make learning attractive and to contribute in improving their social, communication and behavioural skills and nonetheless, their attention level to the delivered educational topics. The ACMLS model design adopts four main components which are: (1) Design component: which covers the visual design, design principles and the mental model of the children with autism. (2) Technology component: which covers the assistive technology tools and the architecture of the ACMLS system. (3) Education component: Which covers the learning objectives, styles, strategies, methods and the cognitive model. (4) Participants component: which covers the main participants who’re playing a role in the ACMLS model such as: caregivers and children with autism.
Machine Learning Approaches for Designing Meso-scale Structure of Li-ion battery Electrode
Authors: Takagishi Yoichi , Yamanaka Takumi , Yamaue Tatsuya
Published: April 2019

We have proposed a data-driven approach for designing mesoscale porous structures of Li-ion battery electrode with three-dimensional virtual structures and machine learning techniques. Over 2,000 artificial 3D structures assuming positive electrode composed of random packed spheres as active material particles are generated, and charge/discharge resistance has been evaluated using simplified Physico-chemical model. In this model, resistance from Li diffusion in active material particles (diffusion resistance), transfer resistance of Li+ in electrolyte (electrolyte resistance) and reaction resistance on the interface between active material and electrolyte are simulated based on mass balance of Li, Ohm’s law in and linearized Butler-Volmer equation, respectively. Using these simulation results, regression models via Artificial Neural Network (ANN) have been created in order to predict charge/discharge resistance from porous structure features. In this study, porosity, active material particle size and volume fraction, pressure in the compaction process, electrolyte conductivity, and binder volume fraction are adopted as features, associated with controllable process parameters for manufacturing battery electrode. As results, the predicted electrode resistance by ANN regression model is good agreement with the simulated values. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis and optimization of the process parameters have been carried out. The proposed data-driven approach could be a solution as a guiding principle for manufacturing battery electrode.
Comprehensive Overview of Iron Nutrition and Deficiency: Uptake, Transport and Metabolism in Legumes
Authors: Sowbiya Muneer
Published: April 2019

Legumes are important sources of nitrogen and, therefore, the nitrogen fixing ability of the legume-rhizobia symbiosis has great potential to improve crop yields or reduce nitrogen fertilizer use. Unfortunately, legumes face serious and increasing threats of both biotic and abiotic stresses among which Fe-deficiency has been increased from past years. Fe nutrient deficiency limits pulse production and nitrogen fixation by specifically affecting any one of the four phases of legume-rhizobium symbiosis. Although Fe in soil is often present in adequate quantities, it is mainly present in insoluble Fe-(III) precipitates, limiting its uptake and utilization. The present review has focused on the iron nutrition and deficiency and probable uptake, transport and metabolism in legumes.