bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainability Assessment of Coffee Silverskin Waste Management in the Metropolitan City of Naples (Italy): A Life Cycle Perspective
Authors: Ansanelli Giuliana , Fiorentino Gabriella , Chifari Rosaria , Meisterl Karin , Leccisi Enrica , Zucaro Amalia
Published: November 2023

The use of renewable biological resources, including biowaste, within a circular framework, is crucial for the transition to more sustainable production and consumption patterns. By means of life cycle assessment and life cycle costing methodologies, this study compares the environmental and economic performances of two disposal scenarios for coffee silverskin, the major waste from coffee roasting. The business-as-usual (BaU) scenario, currently applied in the Metropolitan City of Naples (Italy), involves silverskin composting, while the proposed alternative scenario explores the valorization of silverskin as a functional ingredient in bakery products. The alternative scenario results are more advantageous since replacing flour with silverskin in bakery products reduces environmental impact by 96% more than replacing synthetic fertilizers with compost in the BaU scenario. Furthermore, in the alternative scenario, coffee roasters halve their silverskin disposal costs, compared to the BaU scenario (447.55 € versus 190.09 €, for 1 ton). Finally, the major environmental burdens are resource use for equipment construction (37% for BaU, 62% for alternative, on average) and electricity consumption (30% for BaU, 67% for alternative, on average), while the highest economic cost is due to personnel (58% for BaU, 88% for alternative, on average).
High-Strength, Chemical Industry Wastewater Treatment Feasibility Study for Energy Recovery
Authors: Tinivella Riccardo , Bargiggia Riccardo , Zanoni Giampiero , Callegari Arianna , Capodaglio Andrea G.
Published: November 2023

This paper presents an experimental study on the treatment of industrial chemical wastewater with a high organic load; it is aimed at process cost optimization and possible energy and resources recovery. The facility generates five separate streams of liquid waste, which range in organic strength from practically nil to 400,000 mg/L, with individual flows ranging from 2 to 1400 m3/d. The combined strength and the flow of all the streams are approximately 1500 mg/L COD and 1500 m3/d, respectively; however, excluding the cleaner one (the cooling and condensation water), the maximum average COD concentration rises to 115,000 mg/L, at a flow of 16 m3/d. These wastes are currently trucked away for external processing, at a high cost. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of the onsite treatment of the facility’s waste streams with energy recovery and water reuse. Various approaches were examined, including anaerobic treatment for biogas recovery. The preliminary characterization, however, showed strong inhibition toward anaerobic biomass, and in particular to methanogenesis, induced by some waste components. Further testing led to the conclusion that stream segregation and separate processing could represent the most efficient approach for the management of the facility’s liquid discharges and the optimization of resources recovery. A final solution that maximizes treatment efficiency and resources reuse by combining separate aerobic and anaerobic treatment is proposed.
Water Rationing, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Practices and Social Distancing at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study of Melaka, Malaysia
Authors: Devi Nirmala , Yin Lim Su , Ern Siow Yung , Haris Fathiah Athirah , Abdullah Salim Abdullah Sallehhuddin
Published: November 2023

As an uninterrupted water supply is crucial for water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices, a water shortage exacerbates the propagation of communicable and often life-threatening diseases. Melaka, a water-stressed state in Malaysia, had to impose a two-month water rationing exercise amid the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020. Taking advantage of these concurrent occurrences, this study thus examines the impact of water rationing on the state’s residents’ WASH practices during that time. In particular, it seeks to examine whether there has been any shift in their WASH performance during the periods of pandemic and rationing. It also analyzes the effect of external water collection activity during rationing on the residents’ social-distancing performance. This study collects its data from 120 respondents; the data are tested using non-parametric tests and frequency analyses. The results demonstrate that most of the respondents had a significant negative perception of how the rationing affected their WASH practices during the pandemic. Yet even with the ongoing rationing, their WASH levels of performance had recorded significant growth. They also viewed external water collection activities as detrimental to their social distancing performance.
Reliability Analysis during the Life Cycle of a Technical System and the Monitoring of Reliability Properties
Authors: Breznická Alena , Kohutiar Marcel , Krbaťa Michal , Eckert Maroš , Mikuš Pavol
Published: November 2023

The present review deals with the issues of ensuring and maintaining high reliability during the entire life cycle of a technical system in the engineering sector, i.e., determining the requirements, design, research, development, production, installation, operation, and disposal of the product. Owing to their reliability, special attention is given to the technical systems in companies for several reasons. These mainly include the need to achieve reliability and safety by using the product, but also in terms of economic, social, and ecological aspects. We understand reliability as a primary feature, and during the design of new products, it is necessary to predict its course and characteristics appropriately. Reliability needs to be analyzed with the help of partial reliability properties throughout the entire life cycle of the product. To achieve the required level of reliability, we use reliability analyses, which are successfully implemented to examine and predict reliability indicators. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of reliability analysis and offers a mathematical basis for individual sub-indicators. In the article, the analysis of system reliability is described as a process, the essence of which is the acquisition, examination, and organization of specific information. This information is significant for the given system and necessary for making decisions according to the specified goals, which ensure an objective assessment of the overall level of reliability.
A Review on the Nanofluids-PCMs Integrated Solutions for Solar Thermal Heat Transfer Enhancement Purposes
Authors: Pereira José , Souza Reinaldo , Moreira António , Moita Ana
Published: November 2023

The current review offers a critical survey on published studies concerning the simultaneous use of PCMs and nanofluids for solar thermal energy storage and conversion processes. Also, the main thermophysical properties of PCMs and nanofluids are discussed in detail. On one hand, the properties of these types of nanofluids are analyzed, as well as those of the general types of nanofluids, like the thermal conductivity and latent heat capacity. On the other hand, there are specific characteristics of PCMs like, for instance, the phase-change duration and the phase-change temperature. Moreover, the main improvement techniques in order for PCMs and nanofluids to be used in solar thermal applications are described in detail, including the inclusion of highly thermal conductive nanoparticles and other nanostructures in nano-enhanced PCMs and PCMs with extended surfaces, among others. Regarding those improvement techniques, it was found that, for instance, nanofluids can enhance the thermal conductivity of the base fluids by up to 100%. In addition, it was also reported that the simultaneous use of PCMs and nanofluids enhances the overall, thermal, and electrical efficiencies of solar thermal energy storage systems and photovoltaic-nano-enhanced PCM systems. Finally, the main limitations and guidelines are summarized for future research in the technological and research fields of nanofluids and PCMs.
Artificial Intelligence for Image-Based Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Using Attention
Authors: Romanov Stepan , Howell Sacha , Harkness Elaine , Bydder Megan , Evans D. Gareth , Squires Steven , Fergie Martin , Astley Sue
Published: November 2023

Accurate prediction of individual breast cancer risk paves the way for personalised prevention and early detection. The incorporation of genetic information and breast density has been shown to improve predictions for existing models, but detailed image-based features are yet to be included despite correlating with risk. Complex information can be extracted from mammograms using deep-learning algorithms, however, this is a challenging area of research, partly due to the lack of data within the field, and partly due to the computational burden. We propose an attention-based Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) model that can make accurate, short-term risk predictions from mammograms taken prior to the detection of cancer at full resolution. Current screen-detected cancers are mixed in with priors during model development to promote the detection of features associated with risk specifically and features associated with cancer formation, in addition to alleviating data scarcity issues. MAI-risk achieves an AUC of 0.747 [0.711, 0.783] in cancer-free screening mammograms of women who went on to develop a screen-detected or interval cancer between 5 and 55 months, outperforming both IBIS (AUC 0.594 [0.557, 0.633]) and VAS (AUC 0.649 [0.614, 0.683]) alone when accounting for established clinical risk factors.
Machine Learning-Based Early Warning Level Prediction for Cyanobacterial Blooms Using Environmental Variable Selection and Data Resampling
Authors: Kim Jin Hwi , Lee Hankyu , Byeon Seohyun , Shin Jae-Ki , Lee Dong Hoon , Jang Jiyi , Chon Kangmin , Park Yongeun
Published: November 2023

Many countries have attempted to mitigate and manage issues related to harmful algal blooms (HABs) by monitoring and predicting their occurrence. The infrequency and duration of HABs occurrence pose the challenge of data imbalance when constructing machine learning models for their prediction. Furthermore, the appropriate selection of input variables is a significant issue because of the complexities between the input and output variables. Therefore, the objective of this study was to improve the predictive performance of HABs using feature selection and data resampling. Data resampling was used to address the imbalance in the minority class data. Two machine learning models were constructed to predict algal alert levels using 10 years of meteorological, hydrodynamic, and water quality data. The improvement in model accuracy due to changes in resampling methods was more noticeable than the improvement in model accuracy due to changes in feature selection methods. Models constructed using combinations of original and synthetic data across all resampling methods demonstrated higher prediction performance for the caution level (L-1) and warning level (L-2) than models constructed using the original data. In particular, the optimal artificial neural network and random forest models constructed using combinations of original and synthetic data showed significantly improved prediction accuracy for L-1 and L-2, representing the transition from normal to bloom formation states in the training and testing steps. The test results of the optimal RF model using the original data indicated prediction accuracies of 98.8% for L0, 50.0% for L1, and 50.0% for L2. In contrast, the optimal random forest model using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique–Edited Nearest Neighbor (ENN) sampling method achieved accuracies of 85.0% for L0, 85.7% for L1, and 100% for L2. Therefore, applying synthetic data can address the imbalance in the observed data and improve the detection performance of machine learning models. Reliable predictions using improved models can support the design of management practices to mitigate HABs in reservoirs and ultimately ensure safe and clean water resources.
The Role of Trace Elements in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Wechselberger Christian , Messner Barbara , Bernhard David
Published: November 2023

Essential trace elements play an important role in human physiology and are associated with various functions regulating cellular metabolism. Non-essential trace elements, on the other hand, often have well-documented toxicities that are dangerous for the initiation and development of diseases due to their widespread occurrence in the environment and their accumulation in living organisms. Non-essential trace elements are therefore regarded as serious environmental hazards that are harmful to health even in low concentrations. Many representatives of these elements are present as pollutants in our environment, and many people may be exposed to significant amounts of these substances over the course of their lives. Among the most common non-essential trace elements are heavy metals, which are also associated with acute poisoning in humans. When these elements accumulate in the body over years of chronic exposure, they often cause severe health damage in a variety of tissues and organs. In this review article, the role of selected essential and non-essential trace elements and their role in the development of exemplary pathophysiological processes in the cardiovascular system will be examined in more detail.
Serpentine Overburden Products—Nature-Inspired Materials for Metal Detoxification in Industrially Polluted Soil
Authors: Slukovskaya Marina V. , Petrova Anna G. , Ivanova Liubov A. , Ivanova Tatiana K. , Mosendz Irina A. , Novikov Andrey I. , Shirokaya Anna A. , Kovorotniaia Mariia V. , Panikorovskii Taras L. , Kremenetskaya Irina P.
Published: November 2023

The possibility of plants growing on serpentine soils and the ability of serpentine minerals to accumulate significant amounts of metals was the basis for developing a method for using serpentine-containing materials to restore vegetation in areas with a high level of metal pollution. Serpentine-containing products obtained from phlogopite mining overburden (Kovdor, Murmansk region, Russia) with and without thermal activation were used in a field experiment on the remediation of industrially polluted peat soil. According to the geochemical mobility of the components, one of four fractions was allocated depending on the acidic (HCl) concentration of the solution used for the material treatment: readily mobile (0.001 mol/L), mobile (0.01 mol/L), potentially mobile (0.1 mol/L), and acid-soluble (1.0 mol/L). This study showed that the addition of serpentinites to peat soil changed the fraction composition. The most significant changes were noted for serpentinite components such as Ca and Mg: their concentrations increased 2–3 times even in the smallest portion of serpentine material. On the contrary, the contents of metals in the readily mobile fraction decreased 3–18, 3–23, 5–26, and 2–42 times for Cu, Ni, Fe, and Al, respectively. The main factor causing the decrease in metal mobility was the pH rise due to the release of Ca and Mg compounds into the soil solution. This study showed that the addition of serpentine-containing material at 25 vol.% to peat soil was sufficient to create a geochemical barrier with a stable-functioning vegetation cover. All serpentine-containing materials are recommended for the remediation of large industrially polluted areas.
Deliberate Self-Poisoning with Plants in Southeastern France, a Poison Center 20-Year Report
Authors: Torrents Romain , Reynoard Julien , Glaizal Mathieu , Schmitt Corinne , Fabeck Katharina Von , Boulamery Audrey , de Haro Luc , Simon Nicolas
Published: November 2023

Introduction: In a few regions of the globe, deliberate botanical intoxication may induce significant rates of toxicity and fatality. The objective of this report was to describe plant self-intoxication using the experiences of the southeastern France poison control center (PCC) between 2002 and 2021. Results: During those 20 years, 262 deliberate plants poisonings were reported involving 35 various plants. In most of the cases, poisoning was caused by Nerium oleander (n = 186, 71%), followed by the Datura genus (4.2%), Ricinus communis (3.8%), Taxus baccata (1.9%), Digitalis purpurea (1.2%), Aconitum nape (1.9%), Myristica fragans (1.5%), and Pyracantha coccine (1.2%). Through the 262 plants poisonings, 19 patients among the 186 Nerium oleander poisonings received Digifab as an antidote and 1 patient received physostigmine among the 11 Datura poisonings. Only four deaths were reported for this review, each involving Nerium oleander. Discussion: The first involved species was Nerium oleander (71% of all plants poisonings), then Datura sp and Ricinus communis. It is explained by this native local species’ important repartition. Most patients must be admitted to an emergency department for adapted medical care; however, only 41 of them described severe poisonings symptoms. Even fewer needed an antidote, only 20 patients. There is no protocol for the use of a specific treatment, and it might be interesting to develop one for this purpose. Material and Methods: This retrospective review was realized with files managed by the southeastern France PCC based in Marseille from 2002 to 2021. Our department covers the complete French Mediterranean coast, Corsica, and tropical islands (Reunion Island, Mayotte). For every patient, toxicity was evaluated using the Poison Severity Score (PSS).
Sparsity and M-Estimators in RFI Mitigation for Typical Radio Astrophysical Signals
Authors: Shan Hao , Jiang Ming , Yuan Jianping , Yang Xiaofeng , Yan Wenming , Wang Zhen , Wang Na
Published: November 2023

In this paper, radio frequency interference (RFI) mitigation by robust maximum likelihood estimators (M-estimators) for typical radio astrophysical signals of, e.g., pulsars and fast radio bursts (FRBs), will be investigated. The current status reveals several defects in signal modeling, manual factors, and a limited range of RFI morphologies. The goal is to avoid these defects while realizing RFI mitigation with an attempt at feature detection for FRB signals. The motivation behind this paper is to combine the essential signal sparsity with the M-estimators, which are pertinent to the RFI outliers. Thus, the sparsity of the signals is fully explored. Consequently, typical isotropic and anisotropic features of multichannel radio signals are accurately approximated by sparse transforms. The RFI mitigation problem is thus modeled as a sparsity-promoting robust nonlinear estimator. This general model can reduce manual factors and is expected to be effective in mitigating most types of RFI, thus alleviating the defects. Comparative studies are carried out among three classes of M-estimators combined with several sparse transforms. Numerical experiments focus on real radio signals of several pulsars and FRB 121102. There are two discoveries in the high-frequency components of FRB 121102-11A. First, highly varying narrow-band isotropic flux regions of superradiance are discovered. Second, emission centers revealed by the isotropic features can be completely separated in the time axis. The results have demonstrated that the M-estimator-based sparse optimization frameworks show competitive results and have potential application prospects.
Comment on Maia, A.V.D.M.; Bakke, K. Topological Effects of a Spiral Dislocation on Quantum Revivals. Universe 2022, 8, 168
Authors: Fernández Francisco M.
Published: November 2023

In a series of papers, Maia and Bakke [...]
Jupiter’s Atmosphere Dynamics Based on High-Resolution Spectroscopy with VLT/ESPRESSO
Authors: Machado Pedro , Silva José E. , Brasil Francisco , Ribeiro José , Gonçalves Ruben , Silva Miguel
Published: November 2023

We present a new study of Jupiter’s atmosphere dynamics using for the first time the extremely high-resolution capabilities of VLT/ESPRESSO to retrieve wind velocities in Jupiter’s troposphere, with a dedicated ground-based Doppler velocimetry method. This work is primarily a proof-of-concept for retrieving Jupiter’s winds using VLT/ESPRESSO Doppler velocities. These results are complemented by a re-analysis of Cassini’s data from its fly-by of Jupiter in December 2000, performing cloud tracking at visible wavelengths, for cross comparison with Doppler velocimetry results, along with previous cloud-tracking results. We explore the effectiveness of this refined method to measure winds in Jupiter, using high-resolution spectroscopy data obtained from ESPRESSO observations performed in July 2019, with a Doppler velocimetry method based on backscattered solar radiation in the visible range. Coupled with our ground-based results, we retrieved a latitudinal and longitudinal profile of Jupiter’s winds along select bands of the atmosphere. Comparing the results between cloud-tracking methods, based on previous reference observations, and our new Doppler velocimetry approach, we found a good agreement between them, demonstrating the effectiveness of this technique. The winds obtained in this exploratory study have a two-fold relevance: they contribute to the temporal and spatial variability study of Jupiter’s troposphere dynamics, and the results presented here also validate the use of this Doppler technique to study the dynamics of Jupiter’s atmosphere and pave the way for further exploration of a broader region of Jupiter’s disk for a more comprehensive retrieval of winds and to evaluate their spatial and temporal variability.
COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance in Bangui (Central African Republic) Reveals a Landscape of Circulating Variants Linked to Validated Antiviral Targets of SARS-CoV-2 Proteome
Authors: Vickos Ulrich , Camasta Marianna , Grandi Nicole , Scognamiglio Sante , Schindler Tobias , Belizaire Marie Roseline Darnycka , Lango-Yaya Ernest , Koyaweda Giscard Wilfried , Senzongo Oscar , Pounguinza Simon , Estimé Kaleb Kandou Jephté Francis , N’yetobouko Stephanie , Gadia Christelle Luce Bobossi , Feiganazoui Dominos-Alfred , Le Faou Alain , Orsini Massimiliano , Perno Carlo Federico , Zinzula Luca , Rafaï Clotaire Donatien
Published: November 2023

Since its outbreak, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly, causing the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Even with the vaccines’ administration, the virus continued to circulate due to inequal access to prevention and therapeutic measures in African countries. Information about COVID-19 in Africa has been limited and contradictory, and thus regional studies are important. On this premise, we conducted a genomic surveillance study about COVID-19 lineages circulating in Bangui, Central African Republic (CAR). We collected 2687 nasopharyngeal samples at four checkpoints in Bangui from 2 to 22 July 2021. Fifty-three samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and viral genomes were sequenced to look for the presence of different viral strains. We performed phylogenetic analysis and described the lineage landscape of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in the CAR along 15 months of pandemics and in Africa during the study period, finding the Delta variant as the predominant Variant of Concern (VoC). The deduced aminoacidic sequences of structural and non-structural genes were determined and compared to reference and reported isolates from Africa. Despite the limited number of positive samples obtained, this study provides valuable information about COVID-19 evolution at the regional level and allows for a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 circulation in the CAR.
NR Sidelink Performance Evaluation for Enhanced 5G-V2X Services
Authors: Tabassum Mehnaz , Bastos Felipe Henrique , Oliveira Aurenice , Klautau Aldebaro
Published: November 2023

The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has specified Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) radio access technology in Releases 15–17, with an emphasis on facilitating direct communication between vehicles through the interface, sidelink PC5. This interface provides end-to-end network slicing functionality together with a stable cloud-native core network. The performance of direct vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications has been improved by using the sidelink interface, which allows for a network infrastructure bypass. Sidelink transmissions make use of orthogonal resources that are either centrally allocated (Mode 1, Release 14) or chosen by the vehicles themselves (Mode 2, Release 14). With growing interest in connected and autonomous vehicles, the advancement in radio access technologies that facilitate dependable and low-latency vehicular communications is becoming more significant. This is especially necessary when there are heavy traffic conditions and patterns. We thoroughly examined the New Radio (NR) sidelink’s performance based on 3GPP Releases 15–17 under various vehicle densities, speeds, and distance settings. Thus, by evaluating sidelink’s strengths and drawbacks, we are able to optimize resource allocation to obtain maximum coverage in urban areas. The performance evaluation was conducted on Network Simulator 3 (NS3.34/5G-LENA) utilizing various network metrics such as average packet reception rate, throughput, and latency.
Evaluation of the Virulence of Low Pathogenic H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Strains in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Bóna Márta , Földi József , Dénes Lilla , Harnos Andrea , Paszerbovics Bettina , Mándoki Míra
Published: November 2023

Our study aimed to investigate the virulence of three recent H9N2 LPAIV strains belonging to the G1 lineage, isolated from field infections in North Africa and the Middle East. Three-week-old commercial broiler chickens (in total 62) were included and randomly allocated into three infected test groups and one control group. Each test group was inoculated intranasally/intratracheally with one of the three H9N2 isolates at a dose of 108 EID50 virus. The control group received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) via the same route of application. The pathogenicity was evaluated based on clinical signs and gross pathological and histopathological lesions, the viral antigen load was assessed through immunohistochemistry staining (IHC), and a semi-quantitative detection of the genetic material was conducted via a real-time PCR. Our findings confirmed the obvious respiratory tract tropism of the virus strains with variable renal tropism. In contrast to the highly pathogenic AIVs, the tested H9N2 strains did not show replication in the central nervous system. The virus presence and lesions, mainly in the respiratory tract, were predominant on dpi 5 and significantly reduced or disappeared by dpi 11. A clear difference was demonstrated among the three isolates: the A/chicken/Morocco/2021/2016 strain proved to be significantly more virulent than the Egyptian and Saudi Arabian ones, which showed no remarkable difference.
Assessment of Wave Energy Converters Based on Historical Data from a Given Point in the Sea
Authors: Avila Deivis , Cuba Arana Yanelys , Quiza Ramón , Marichal G. Nicolás
Published: November 2023

The assessment of wave energy converters is a key issue for planning and managing the economic feasibility wave power plants. However, obtaining reliable assessments is a difficult goal due to the strong stochastic component of wave behaviour. This paper proposes a simple and straightforward assessment method based on empirical data to estimate not only the expected values of converted power, but also their confidence limits. The method combines Gaussian mixed models with the Monte Carlo method. The proposed approach was validated by assessing five converters with data obtained from two different buoys. The daily converted power values agree with the measured wave parameter patterns. Furthermore, all the observed values of monthly generated energy in the three years after the evaluation fell within the forecast intervals, supporting the validity of the proposed approach.
Assessment of Microbiological Quality of Water Using Culture Methods, Flow Cytometry and Luminometry
Authors: Zamorska Justyna , Karwowska Ewa , Przystaś Wioletta
Published: November 2023

A very important role in determining the quality of water is the assessment of its microbiological quality. Water quality control, which could pose a direct threat to human health and life, is performed in the case of water produced at water treatment plants, tap water, or water in swimming pools. However, these traditional methods used to assess its quality are laborious and time-consuming. In emergency and incidental situations, in the era of terrorist threats, the need for quick, reliable, and reproducible microbiological determinations seems to be essential. In this study, an attempt was made to compare various methods of assessing the microbiological quality of water. The assessment was carried out for water with different microbiological characteristics: surface water, rainwater, groundwater, and water supply. The evaluation was carried out using traditional culture methods and high-speed methods: flow cytometry and luminometry. The analysis of microbiological parameters was the basis for the statistical analysis. The conducted microbiological analysis of various types of water, along with their statistical evaluation, showed different dependencies for each of the analyzed waters.
Experimental and Numerical Determination of Head Loss Coefficients of Two-Way Surcharged Manholes
Authors: Dündar Onur , Özölçer İsmail Hakkı , Doğan Emrah
Published: November 2023

The loss coefficient is one of the most critical parameters in computing the hydraulic grade line of sewer systems. The head loss coefficient of a manhole is dependent on various hydraulic and structural characteristics, such as manhole mold, connection angle, and the ratio of manhole diameter to pipe diameter. Three different manhole molds, flat, half-bench, and full-bench, and connection angles of 180°, 90°, and 135° are investigated, where the manhole diameter to pipe diameter ratio is 5.3. This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical investigations focused on determining the loss coefficient for two-way straight-through and angled manholes. The flow structure inside the chimney is the significant parameter for the magnitude of the energy loss coefficient. The head loss coefficient is almost constant under the surcharged flow conditions for all kinds of manholes. In terms of head loss coefficients, half-channel manholes do not have a significant advantage over flat-bottomed manholes in the cases of 135° and 90° flow inputs. The full-bench bottom manhole head loss coefficient is the smallest. The computational fluid dynamic modeling results agree with the experimental studies.
Degradation of Phenol by Immobilized Alcaligenes faecalis Strain JH1 in Fe3O4-Modified Biochar from Pharmaceutical Residues
Authors: Zeng Zhi , Xiao Jiahui , Li Manzhi , Wu Jiahui , Zhang Taiping
Published: November 2023

The effect and mechanism of phenol removal by immobilized microorganisms in Fe3O4 nanomaterial-modified pharmaceutical residue biochar was investigated to develop efficient biochar immobilizing microbial technology. Plant residue biochar (Y3, Y5, and Y7) was prepared from Andrographis paniculata plant residues as the raw material at 300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C, respectively. Y7 was modified with Fe3O4 nanomaterial (Fe-Y7). These four kinds of biochars were used as carriers to adsorb immobilized Alcaligenes faecalis strain JH1, JY3, JY5, JY7, and Fe-Y7 to investigate the mechanism of phenol removal, and eight cycles were performed to analyze their immobilization performance. Compared with suspended bacteria, biochar-immobilized bacteria could improve their tolerance in different environments. At temperatures of 25 °C to 40 °C, pH = 5~9, initial phenol concentration of 300–500 mg/L, and salinity of 3%, the bacteria could still grow and maintain strong activity within 48 h. The water-extractable organic carbon of biochar was also tested for the degradation of phenol by bacteria, which was found to have different stimulating effects on bacteria. In the batch experiments, as the number of cycles increased, the bacteria grew and adhered rapidly to the biochar, eventually forming a thick and sticky biofilm. After the sixth cycle, all the biochar-immobilized bacteria could remove 300 mg/L phenol solution within 12 h. The removal rate of phenol by JFe-Y7 was relatively fast in the eighth cycle. The results indicated that biochar-immobilized bacteria have good durability, stability, and reproducibility and that Fe3O4 nanoparticle modification could improve the removal of phenol by increasing the phenol adsorption amount, the adsorption capacity of bacteria, and the enzymatic activity of bacteria.
A Short Review on Dye-Wastewater Valorization Using Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactors
Authors: de Almeida Ronei , de Souza Guimarães Claudinei
Published: November 2023

Dye-containing effluent generated in textile industries is polluting and complex wastewater. It should be managed adequately before its final destination. The up-flow anaerobic blanket (UASB) reactor application is an ecofriendly and cost-competitive treatment. The present study briefly reviews the UASB application for dye-containing wastewater valorization. Bioenergy and clean-water production potential during dye-containing wastewater treatment are emphasized to promote resource recovery in textile industries. Hydraulic retention time (HRT), organic loading rate (OLR), pH, temperature, and hydraulic mixing influence sludge granulation, microbial activity, and dye removal. HRT and OLR ranges of 6–24 h and 1–12 kg m−3 d−1 of chemical oxygen demand (COD) at a mesophilic temperature (30–40 °C) are recommended for efficient treatment. In these conditions, efficiencies of color and COD of 50–97% and 60–90% are reported in bench-scale UASB studies. Complex dye structures can hinder biomineralization. Pretreatment may be necessary to reduce dye concentration. Carbon-source and redox mediators are added to the UASB reactor to expedite kinetic reactions. A biogas yield of 1.48–2.70 L d−1 in UASB, which treats dye-containing effluents, is documented. Cotreatment of dye wastewater and locally available substrate could increase biogas productivity in UASB reactors. Organic waste generated in the textile industry, such as dye sludge, cotton, and starch, is recommended to make cotreatment cost competitive. Bioenergy production and water reuse allow environmental and economic benefits. Studies on combined systems integrating UASB and membrane processes, such as ultrafiltration and nanofiltration, for the production of reusable water and pretreatment of wastewater and sludge for improvements in biogas production might realize the complete potential for resource recovery of UASB technology. UASB bioenergy usage for integrated treatment trains can reduce operating costs and assist process sustainability in the textile industry.
“The Greatest Experience Ever”: Benefits of Participation in High-Adventure Activities for Youth
Authors: Linver Miriam R. , Urban Jennifer Brown , Les Elaine , Xue Xiaofang , Nager Alexis
Published: November 2023

High-adventure programs typically take place outdoors in remote locations and include several days of challenging activities. Research on high-adventure programs consistently finds positive outcomes for youths. Most high-adventure programs feature 10 key principles that are closely aligned and sometimes overlap with the three defining features of positive youth development (PYD) programs: adult–youth connection, allowing youths to lead, and youths learning new skills. The present study uses data from a large national-scale study of youth and adult leaders in Scouts BSA to assess the connection between participation in high-adventure programs and PYD outcomes. Using a concurrent embedded mixed-methods design, we found that participation in high-adventure activities was associated with higher mean levels of youth communication, citizenship, sense of purpose, and leadership when compared with youths who only participated in summer camp programs or those who did neither high-adventure nor camp programs. No differences between activity groups were found for the ability to make ethical/moral decisions, connection, joy/fun, or perceived cultural humility. Both significant and null findings are discussed in light of PYD literature.
THE STRUCTURE AND CRITERIA OF PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH OF PERSONALITY
Authors: Pavlyk N.
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the theoretical analysis of the problem of psychological health of personality (its essence, structure, criteria of the norm). The preservation of psychological health in the modern conditions is very significant.The study of the phenomenon of mental health is becoming today especially relevant due to the fact that in recent years there have been significant changes in the socio-cultural situation, environmental, economic, political life of society.The Social changes in the country affects to the psychological climate in the world and, in particular, to the psychological health of Ukrainian citizens. The psyche of modern man is experiencing powerful negative influences of social, natural, domestic nature, which requires a special measures to protect and strengthen the physical, mental and psychological health of personality.The author reveals the essence of the concept of «psychological health», establishes its connection with the constructiveness of personal development, presents a model of the hierarchical structure of psychological health. The structure of psychological health contains a spiritual, social, mental, psychosomatic components and dichotomous criteria of harmony of psychological health.The Psychological health is defined as a complex, multilevel formation,that presents a harmonious physical-mental-social-spiritual state of personality.The basis of psychological health is the balance between the substructures of personality (spiritual, social, emotional, volitional, intellectual, physical), the harmony between personality and the world, the harmony between personality and others peoples.The structure of psychological health of personality is represented by a hierarchy of components: spiritual, social, mental and psychosomatic.The Psychological health is the basis of a psychological immunity of a  personaliti’s. The Psychological health determines the constructiveness development of personality.
FEATURES OF STUDENTS 'CAREER ORIENTATIONS
Authors: Klymenko Y.
Published: November 2023

The article deals with the theoretical approaches of the problem of students’ career development; factors that affect the development of a certain type of career guidance; features of the development of students’ career orientations in the process of professional training. The leading motives for choosing the profession of students are studied; criteria, levels of formation of career orientations of future specialists are determined. The structure of the motives for choosing a profession by students is focused on the content of professional activities, rather than on future career growth. It was studied that students who have internal motives, prone to career growth, clearly represent their professional path, strive for self-improvement, knowledge, and seek to help others, benefit people. Students, whose leading motives are external, rely on chance, career connections, have idealized ideas about future professional activities, focused on quick results, they are confident that their professional life will not be associated with the chosen specialty.

The formation and development students’ career orientations of different specialties have similar trends, but there are some differences. This process is influenced by the motives for choosing a profession, the students’ attitude to future professional activities, personal qualities, the desire for self-improvement, self-realization, and success in the future professional activities. It was found that students are independent of other opinions in choosing a profession, but the structure of motives for choosing a profession is focused on current issues rather than on future career growth. Students take mostly passive position in life and professional sphere, most of them are not interested in professional self-realization. Applicants do not pay due attention to the improvement and development of professionally important knowledge, skills, abilities. Their career orientations are quite abstract, disordered, and contradictory; they are not incentives to work on themselves while studying at university.
THE PHENOMENON OF A FAVOURITE TOY IN THE STRUCTURE OF COMMUNICATIVE ACTIVITIES OF PRESCHOOLERS WITH MENTAL DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY
Authors: Omelchenko I. , Kobylchenko V.
Published: November 2023

The phenomenon of a favourite toy in the structure of communicative activities was examined via existential-ontological, axiological, existential-semantic aspects, which corresponded to the inter-subjective paradigm of psychological cognition and people interactions. The theoretical methods: deductive (axiomatic and hypothetical-deductive) methods were used for a systematic description of the examined phenomenon. The empirical methods: a summative experiment using conversations and psychological examining techniques was organised to study the phenomenon of a favourite toy in the structure of MDD’s preschoolers communicative activities. Mathematical and statistical methods: the qualitative and quantitative analysis of empirical data using non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test was applied to determine intergroup differences.

As for the reflective component of communicative activities existing in the structure of intra-subjective interaction with a favourite toy, a third of MDD middle-age preschoolers and almost half of MDD senior preschoolers had such  personal characteristics that indicated the humanization by them of their favourite toys. A favourite toy for MDD preschoolers was, primarily, an object for play, but a significant part of other examined children called a toy as an object for communication. Analyzing the obtained data, we can talk about the phenomenon of toy embedding into everyday life and into children’s picture of the world; the unity of the inner world, namely a toy’s endowment with the child’s own inner world; about identification processes with an inanimate object, moreover we noted the peculiarities of reflective decentralization (the same interests, hobbies and significant Others, a toy did the same as the child, similar details of the outside world).

The study results allowed us to talk about the effect of mirroring a child in his/her favourite toy, which gave the child and opportunity to meet him/herself. Future research will be focused on the development and testing of a technology forming internalized identification and reflective decentralization with the help of a favourite toy as a partner of intra-subjective communication.
OUTSTANDING ISSUES OF PERSONALITY READYNESS TO CHOOSE THE PROFESSION AND TO SELF-DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIELD OF PSYCHOLOGY: THEORETICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Bunjak N.
Published: November 2023

The results of the analysis of personality professional developmentcourse are considered in this paper.

The author notes that choosing a profession is successfulonly if the person focuse don improvement, takes into account the following three factors–his/her desires, capabilities and needs in the field of human resource management in the area where he/she lives.

Theoretical approaches to the problem of harmonious personal development, combined with special theoretical and applied skills gaining in the course of obtaining a qualification during the period of initial professional development and improvement of professional development due to the performance of necessary roles and duties are summarized in this paper.

The author emphasizes that professional development, in addition to the need of meeting the requirements of certain activities, should be considered in interdependence with the solution of professional tasks which are constantly overloaded and push to master new useful, unique and virtuous skills.
Evaluando la Política Educativa Básica: un impacto al ODS desde la reforma educativa para México
Authors: Garrido Lastra María Isabel , González Romero Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2023

El presente trabajo realiza un análisis de la política educativa básica desde la reforma educativa planteada en 2013 y cómo esta ha tenido impacto sobre los indicadores de desempeño del Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 4. Garantizar una educación inclusiva y equitativa de calidad y promover oportunidades de aprendizaje permanente para todos, así como los resultados  en  la  política  social nacional desde dos ámbitos: cobertura y financiamiento. Con ello, los principales resultados implican que la educación ha tenido un sesgo en favor de la ciudad y la desigualdad del país se sigue perpetuando desde las estructuras de sistema educativo, que lejos de beneficiar una reforma educativa para la modernización del sistema, precarizó ámbitos de grupos vulnerables, aunque en los indicadores de los ODS se haya tenido un avance, no implica una transformación al interior.
Desempeño Docente, Liderazgo Transformacional y la Calidad de la Educación en la I.E. N° 1230 “Sulpicio García Peñaloza”, Viña Alta, La Molina (Perú)
Authors: Olaya Guerrero Julio César , Hilario Choque Katty Beatriz , Hurtado Baldeón Claudio Percy , Hurtado Baldeón Claudio Percy , Contreras Orellana Jessica Gladys , Reyes Martínez Kenina Maribel
Published: November 2023

Analiza la problemática del desempeño docente de la I.E. N° 1230 “Sulpicio García Peñaloza” – Viña Alta buscando la transformación integral de los docentes, destacando los dominios: preparación para el aprendizaje de los estudiantes y enseñanza para el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Se diseñará un programa de liderazgo transformacional enfatizando el crecimiento profesional, motivación permanente, confianza y predicar con el ejemplo. Asimismo, implementaremos técnicas y acciones para lograr el empoderamiento de los docentes de la I.E, con los recursos, presupuesto y fuentes de financiamiento
Estado y educación en el contexto geopolítico planetario
Authors: Rivas José Gregorio
Published: November 2023

La investigación se desarrolló en una escuela rural del estado Lara bajo la concepción epistemológica del marxismo heterodoxo y el método de la totalidad concreta con la finalidad de develar las condiciones imperantes en el sistema educativo rural en el contexto de la geopolítica planetaria. Se aplicaron las técnicas de entrevista, observación documental y participativa. Entre los hallazgos encontrados destacan: descontextualización de la educación rural, carencia de currículo específico y la fusión de los grados, entre otros. Se logró el apoyo de las docentes para incorporarse a un plan de formación básica para facilitar las herramientas teóricas-metodológicas que les permita asumir la responsabilidad de facilitar los contenidos programáticos de educación física. Se concluyó que la educación rural afronta retos que deben afrontarse con estrategias pedagógicas y alianzas acordes con los nuevos tiempos y políticas educativas.
Estrategia didáctica para la comprensión de textos literarios en el nivel primario
Authors: Moya Arnez Juan José
Published: November 2023

El estudio tuvo como objetivo potenciar la comprensión de textos literarios en los estudiantes del nivel primario mediante la aplicación de una estrategia didáctica, esto implica la aplicación de una estrategia con acciones ordenadas y secuenciales de forma sistémica desarrolladas por el maestro y ejecutadas por los estudiantes de 5° y 6° año del nivel primario en el área de Comunicación y Lenguajes. En lo metodológico, la investigación se realizó desde una perspectiva dialéctica, con la aplicación de métodos teóricos como el dialéctico, holístico holográfico y modelación, en lo empírico la observación científica. Se utilizaron instrumentos de encuesta, entrevista, prueba diagnóstica y guías de observación que permitieron la sistematización, el análisis y explicación de la información obtenida y se concluye que la estrategia didáctica es un sistema de actividades tanto teóricas como prácticas mediadas por acciones didácticas, métodos, medios y formas de evaluación a un determinado proceso educativo.