bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protección Social de la Infancia y Desarrollo Comunitario en el Barrio Rafael Correa, La Libertad”
Authors: Zambrano-Suarez Consuelito
Published: July 2023

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general determinar la relación entre la protección social y el desarrollo comunitario de los niños del Barrio Rafael Correa, La Libertad.
 El tipo de investigación fue de tipo de estudio mixto, que abarca el método cuantitativo, porque se analizara los datos tabulados de las encuestas, y el cualitativo porque buscaremos características específicas de la población con el objetivo de buscar la solución en esta investigación, además que se utilizó el método de observación directa para obtener información de los hechos, casos o personas en su medio natural, y se contó también con el método etnográfico, método por el cual nos permitió conocer sobre sus costumbres de vida.
 Adicionalmente para la recolección de información de la presente investigación se utilizará el método exploratorio y por fuentes secundarias, provenientes de instituciones públicas tales como el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, Ministerio de Inclusión Económica y Social. Nuestra población son 45 familias del sector (quienes están en el programa de CNH), y formaran parte de nuestra muestra, porque están todos involucrados en esta investigación, y se realiza entrevista a 3 integrantes del barrio que son líderes y presidente barrial.
La técnica de investigación empleada para recolectar información fue la encuesta, como instrumento se utilizó el cuestionario con escala de Likert de 15 ítems los cuales fueron validados a través de pruebas de confiabilidad en el programa SPSS, por medio de Alfa de Cronbach para determinar que, si se relacionan las variables en estudio, y que tienen alta confiabilidad de estudio de la hipótesis.
Según la investigación realizada, llegamos a la conclusión que el valor de coeficiente protección social y desarrollo social es de 0.384, lo que indica que es una correlación alta y directa y además que se acepta H1: La protección social y el desarrollo comunitario si tienen efectos positivos en el aprendizaje de los niños del sector Rafael Correa, La Libertad, es decir que, si se realizan cambios en la educación y protección de los niños, se producirá también un desarrollo comunitario.
Participación Comunitaria y Seguridad Ciudadana en el Barrio 6 de Enero, 2022
Authors: Yagual-Gonzabay Patricia , Andrade-Vilela José
Published: July 2023

La participación comunitaria es un tema que busca mejorar el control social, en relación con la delincuencia se han tomado medidas para minimizar las amenazas existentes mediante una coordinación de la población para prevenir los riegos que se pueden presentar en el ámbito comunitario. Previniendo la consecución de crímenes y delitos, utilizando sus propios recursos humanos y materiales para reducir la presencia de este problema de inseguridad que azota cada vez más a la sociedad actual. La seguridad ciudadana en los últimos años es una necesidad puesto que la tasa de delitos y crímenes en ha aumentado exponencialmente, siendo necesario la implementación de medias, recurso humanos y materiales para la prevención de la delincuencia en el barrio 6 de enero del Cantón la Libertad. El objetivo general de la investigación es analizar la relación de la participación comunitaria en la seguridad ciudadana en el Barrio 6 de enero. La metodología de investigación tiene un enfoque mixto, de tipo descriptivo, analítico, de corte transversal y no experimental.
Plan de Intervención para Erradicar la Violencia Intrafamiliar. CDI los Pequeños Saltarines del Cantón la Libertad-2022
Authors: Moreno-Loor Iliana
Published: July 2023

La violencia intrafamiliar es un fenómeno ocurrido a nivel mundial en las que mujeres y niños son los más afectados la OMS asegura que la quinta parte de las mujeres del mundo son objeto de violencia, en alguna etapa de su vida y como resultado presenta, alto índice de mortalidad “femicidio “también suicidio por la intolerancia a la violencia, altas. Existen algunas incidencias donde se conceptúa, a la mujer independiente de su raza religión o condición social está expuesta vulnerabilidad a sufrir violencia y abusos de poder en su relación de pareja. El desarrollo de la presente investigación recae en las sociedades antiguas y en las sociedades actuales, la violencia no es un género indivisible ya que hablar de violencia en distintos espacios es claro ya que la sociedad actual está enmarcada de hechos violentos que terminan violencia simbólica psicológica o indivisible violencia sexual hemos de señalar que la violencia en marca a la familia en sus diferentes espacios sean estos políticos sociales o culturales. El enfoque de investigación es mixto, de tipo transversal, no experimental, con datos de tipo transversal
Trabajo Infantil y Deserción Escolar. Caso proyecto “Erradicación Contra el Trabajo Infantil” Comuna Puerto de Chanduy 2022.
Authors: Baquerizo-Lindao Helen , Orrala-Soriano Lilibeth
Published: July 2023

El término trabajo infantil tiene repercusiones en la deserción escolar y en evaluaciones de corto, mediano y largo plazo reproduce pobreza en nuestro país. Se han convertido en temas esenciales que son abordados a través de la gestión social mediante políticas públicas que se configuran en los proyectos sociales pues estos se construyen para fortalecerse y que este problema se erradique a largo plazo ya que genera diversas causas en los niños, niñas y adolescentes y a la sociedad en general. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la correlación que existe entre el trabajo infantil y la deserción escolar en el proyecto “Erradicación contra el trabajo infantil” en la comuna Puerto de Chanduy, a través de un diagnóstico participativo con representantes de los usuarios. El estudio es de carácter mixto y para especificar el modelo se empleó el método correlacional de Pearson; se emplearon entrevistas a profundidad y encuestas; para el procesamiento de los datos se usó el programa SPSS. Entre los principales resultados se destacó  que las actividades infantiles laborales conllevan a que la mayor parte de este grupo obtenga un promedio académico bajo por lo que en ciertas ocasiones desertan de sus estudios  y por otro lado las crisis familiares que pasan incide mucho en la economía familiar y no  permite contrarrestar esta problemática en estos grupos vulnerables.
Riesgo Crediticio y sus Efectos en la Cartera de Crédito de las Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito en Guayaquil 2021-2022.
Authors: Pizarro-Cárdenas Víctor , Álvarez-Plúa Hugo
Published: July 2023

El estudio de la investigación se enfocó en analizar el riesgo crediticio y su efecto en las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito en la ciudad de Guayaquil de la República del Ecuador, el período 2021-2022, mediante los indicadores que muestran las variables seleccionadas en el periodo de evaluación.  Se utilizó el método bibliográfico y descriptivo, que permitió hacer la revisión de la literatura de estudios relacionados con el tema de investigación obtenidos de bases de datos: Scopus y Scielo. Para la recolección de datos se seleccionó una muestra finita, con una data de 25 Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito (COAC) de la ciudad de Guayaquil de la República del Ecuador, clasificadas en 5 segmentos que indicaron el tamaño de la cartera de crédito en base a sus activos y el nivel de liquidez del período de análisis. Los resultados de la investigación descriptiva, permitió determinar que la mayor rentabilidad de las COAC se situó en el segmento 3 y la mayor cartera de crédito se ubicó en el segmento 4.
El impuesto a la renta y su incidencia en la recaudación tributaria ecuatoriana
Authors: Ibarra-Carrera Oscar , Pizarro-Vargas Victor , Constantino-Castro Javier , Guerrero-Cortez Vladimir
Published: July 2023

La investigación se enfocó en realizar un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo del efecto que ejerce el Impuesto a la Renta en la recaudación tributaria del Ecuador en los años 2016 al 2022, determinando que es uno de los impuestos más eficientes en la generación de los ingresos tributarios para el país, por ser un tributo que grava directamente a la capacidad contributiva del contribuyente. Se utilizó una población   finita, para la selección de datos; un método analítico que permitió identificar y seleccionar las variables de carácter cuantitativas y cualitativas. Se demostró que los ingresos provenientes de la recaudación del Impuesto a la Renta mantuvieron una tendencia creciente en cada periodo y que representó el 32.18% equivalente a 31,337 millones de dólares en relación con la recaudación tributaria total. Se establecieron comparaciones entre los datos seleccionados por las variables: dependiente e independiente y se determinó el Impuesto a la renta en la recaudación tributaria del Ecuador.
La Liquidez en las Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito en Tiempos de Covid-19. Caso: Guayaquil-Ecuador
Authors: Merchán-Vásquez Maryuri , Manya-Orellana Marlon
Published: July 2023

El objetivo general del presente estudio es determinar los indicadores que afectaron el sistema financiero popular y solidario en la ciudad de Guayaquil durante el periodo 2020 al 2022, analizar las medidas adoptadas por los socios cooperativistas para enfrentar el riesgo de liquidez sin afectar al estado de resultado; adicionalmente se describe las estrategias que utilizaron en la captación de depósitos para entregarlos al público mediante productos crediticios.  Metodología: El método utilizado es de enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, en el que se realiza prueba de hipótesis mediante el análisis estadístico utilizando la base de datos de las cooperativas que pertenecen al sector financiero popular y solidario obtenida de la Superintendencia de Economía Popular y Solidaria (SEPS) de los años 2020, 2021 y 2022. La población del estudio son las 25 cooperativas que pertenecen al sector financiero popular y solidario (SFPS) de la ciudad de Guayaquil con la finalidad de establecer las medidas que utilizaron las cooperativas para enfrentar sus obligaciones con los socios durante el tiempo de pandemia por COVID-19.   Resultados: La investigación responde a la hipótesis:  La liquidez de las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito, fue afectada financieramente de manera negativa por la emergencia sanitaria por Covid-19 debido a la paralización de las actividades económicas en la ciudad de Guayaquil.
Crianza Familiar y Responsabilidad Escolar en el Colegio Unidad Educativa Muey
Authors: Tigrero-Tomala Juana
Published: July 2023

Como objetivo de nuestra investigación, es dar a conocer el índice de estudiantes que tienen  una mala  relación con sus padres, puesto que la falta del dialogo entre padres e hijos es el principal problema, ya que es ahí donde empiezan a tener represalias y parte de la educación que existe  dentro del hogar en otros términos conocemos que la comunicación es de vital prioridad para las relaciones humanas, para esto usaremos el método de investigación cuantitativo, puesto que al momento de recopilar los datos, ya sea por medio de entrevistas o encuestas será necesaria para conseguir la información que es de suma importancia para nuestra investigación, con la finalidad de este anhelado proyecto es para ayudar a estos jóvenes quienes han tenido una mala guía de educación, puede llegar a conducir a actos negativos contra sí mismo o con la sociedad. No obstante, cabe aclarar que al momento de descubrir tales inconvenientes se darán soluciones que puedan ser factibles para todos, ya sea por medio de charlas o conferencias escolares, las cuales tanto padres como estudiantes puedan participar, evitando así que más problemas puedan surgir o provenir de alguna u otra manera.
Finanzas de Estado: Un Análisis de la Inversión Pública y Privada del Ecuador en el Periodo 2016 al 2022
Authors: Aguayo-Delgado María , Rodas-Hidalgo Francisco , López-Coloma Rodrigo , Ortiz-Choez Gustavo
Published: July 2023

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la inversión pública y privada y el efecto que generó en las finanzas del Estado ecuatoriano en los años 2016 al 2022, mediante los indicadores que construyeron las variables seleccionadas, de carácter cuantitativas, para el análisis se utilizó al Presupuesto General del Estado como herramienta de planificación, los ingresos que apalancan a las finanzas públicas provenientes de recursos propios y privados. Se utilizo un diseño documental porque permitió realizar la búsqueda de información utilizada en diferentes fuentes de información obtenidos y registrados por otros investigadores. El método utilizado es de investigación descriptiva de enfoque cuantitativo mediante análisis estadístico que permite evidenciar el comportamiento de la variable dependiente:  Finanzas del Estado y la variable independiente: Inversión pública y privada. La recolección de los datos se realiza de los indicadores macroeconómicos del Presupuesto General del Estado anual del periodo de evaluación 2016 al 2022 en el que se refleja la evolución y movimientos que experimentaron las variables. Se determinó que las finanzas del Estado dependen de dos fuentes de financiamiento que son: ingresos provenientes del sector público los cuales reflejan alrededor del 10% frente a los ingresos provenientes del sector privado alrededor del 90% durante los años 2016 al 2022, de origen externo prestamos de organismos internacionales direccionados a financiar déficits fiscales en los periodos de evaluación.
Recuperación de cartera del sector agrícola de la Compañía Punto Verde del año 2019 al 2021
Authors: Córdova-Domínguez Samuel , Aveiga-Delgado Jenny
Published: July 2023

El objetivo general de la investigación es: Analizar la recuperación de la cartera de la Compañía Punto Verde en los años 2019, 2020 y 2021. En la cartera del 2019 se evidencia que en los informes de auditoria hay un valor de $1.5M aproximadamente, en el cual un 60% de ventas del año está en cartera por cobrar, dado que los días de crédito son de 90 hasta 120 días. Por otra parte, en el año  2020, año en el que inició la pandemia por Covid-19 aumentó  a $1.9M, un aumento significativo al 72% de la cartera por cobrar, apareciendo consigo una cartera incobrable, debido al cierre de varios negocios por dichos factores. Para el año 2021 esta cartera se mantuvo en los $1.9M por cobrar, porque no solamente la pandemia contrajo la economía de este sector, sino que cambios climáticos agravaron la situación financiera de los clientes quienes tuvieron que retrasar los pagos de sus cuentas por cobrar de la compañía. El método estadístico utilizado es  descriptivo correlacional en el que se define el coeficiente de  correlación de las variables: cartera por cobrar y los años de estudio 2019 al 2021 además de realizar las pruebas estadísticas para la hipótesis de estudio: La cartera presenta un estado creciente respecto al periodo de evaluación.
Crónica de una condena anunciada: la sospecha sobre el docente varón en la educación inicial
Authors: Scarfo Gabriela
Published: July 2023

Este trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo describir y analizar cómo se desarrolla la lógica de la sospecha y la desconfianza hacia el trabajo docente en una institución educativa estatal y de primera infancia ubicada en el Gran Buenos Aires, Argentina. Desde un enfoque histórico-etnográfico, se llevó a cabo un trabajo de campo durante el período 2021-2022 que reconstruyó, a partir de fuentes secundarias y entrevistas en profundidad, los tiempos previos a una denuncia penal a un maestro de música por supuesto abuso sexual infantil.

El caso permitió documentar cómo emergen agresiones desmesuradas contra la institución y sus docentes cuando el estigma que pesa sobre el maestro varón de la institución escolar parece confirmarse. Asimismo, los datos mostraron que la judicialización de las relaciones escolares es consecuencia de la fragilización de las instituciones escolares, la profundización del individualismo y la falta de contrato escolar entre escuela y familias. En las conclusiones se señala que la escuela se equivoca tanto cuando delega la capacidad de resolución en la justicia como cuando silencia el conflicto. En ese sentido, se insta a construir espacios de diálogo con las familias que habitan las instituciones educativas y desarmar las sospechas que pesan hoy sobre el trabajo docente.
Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies
Authors: Ha Eun Kyo , Kim Ju Hee , Han Man Yong
Published: July 2023

Long coronavirus disease (COVID), also known as postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, has been defined as signs and symptoms which persist for 4 weeks or even lasting for 6 months after the initial infection. Although the prevalence of long COVID in children is currently unknown, epidemiological investigations have reported cases in pediatric populations. Clinical manifestations of long COVID in children include respiratory symptoms, such as cough and dyspnea, as well as neuropsychiatric and general conditions, including fatigue, headache, and muscle weakness. The pathophysiology of long COVID in children is still being investigated, but potential mechanisms include viral persistence, autoimmunity, and neuroinflammation. Risk factors for long COVID in children are not yet well understood, but studies have suggested that children with a history of severe acute COVID-19 infection or comorbidities may be at increased risk. Evaluation for respiratory symptoms of long COVID in children is essential, including spirometry and imaging studies to assess lung function and any potential damage. Furthermore, long COVID in children has been associated with a higher prevalence of mental health problems than in adults, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and addressing these aspects in pediatric patients. Although our understanding of long COVID in children and adolescents is still evolving, it is clear that the condition can have significant impacts on their health and well-being. The aim of this review is to synthesize the current knowledge on the prevalence, risk factors, and pathophysiology of long COVID in children and adolescents, and to discuss potential management strategies based on existing evidence.
Development of orphan drugs for rare diseases
Authors: Yoo Han-Wook
Published: July 2023

Most rare diseases (orphan diseases) still lack approved treatment options despite major advances in research providing the necessary tools to understand their molecular basis and legislation providing regulatory and economic incentives to expedite the development of specific therapies. Addressing this translational gap is a multifaceted challenge, a key aspect of which is the selection of an optimal therapeutic modality to translate advances in rare disease knowledge to potential medicines known as orphan drugs. There are several strategies for developing orphan drugs for rare genetic disorders, including protein replacement therapies, small-molecule therapies (e.g., substrate reduction, chemical chaperone, cofactor, expression modification, and read-through therapies), monoclonal antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNA or exon skipping therapies, gene replacement and direct genome-editing therapies, mRNA therapy, cell therapy, and drug repurposing. Each strategy has its own strengths and limitations in orphan drug development. Furthermore, numerous hurdles are present in clinical trials of rare genetic diseases because of diﬃculty with patient recruitment, unknown molecular physiology, the natural history of the disease, ethical concerns regarding pediatric patients, and regulatory challenges. To address these barriers, the rare genetic diseases community, including academic institutions, industry, patient advocacy groups, foundations, payers, and government regulatory and research organizations, must become engaged in discussions about these issues.
Kidney complications associated with COVID-19 infection and vaccination in children and adolescents: a brief review
Authors: Baek Hee Sun , Cho Min Hyun
Published: July 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread considerably across the globe, affecting numerous children and adolescents besides adults. Despite its relatively lower incidence rates in children and adolescents than in adults, some infected children and adolescents exhibit a severe postinflammatory response known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, followed by acute kidney injury, a common complication. Meanwhile, few reports have been available regarding kidney complications such as idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and other glomerulopathies associated with COVID-19 infection and vaccination in children and adolescents. However, the morbidity and mortality of these complications are not exceptionally high; more importantly, causality has yet to be clearly established. Finally, vaccine hesitancy in these age groups should be addressed, considering the strong evidence of COVID-19 vaccine safety and efficacy.
Perceptions of extension field staff regarding coping with the climatic impacts on wheat crop in rural areas of Punjab
Authors: Imam Muhammad F. , Raza Muhammad H, , Khan Muhammad A.A. , Liu Guangzhe , Yaseen Muhammad , Randhawa Mahmood A. , Riaz Ayesha
Published: July 2023

Climate change is a global phenomenon and it has changed the landscape of global agriculture. Wheat is a globally acknowledged crop that is also influenced by climate change around the world. Wheat is a staple crop for Pakistan and recent development confirms that wheat is under huge pressure due to climate change. In this study, an attempt is made to consolidate the perceptions of the extension field staff about the impacts of climate change on wheat crops in district Sargodha of Punjab. Total 80, agriculture officers (AOs) and Field Assistants (FAs) working in public sector extension were chosen and interviewed face to face on a structured questionnaire. Findings indicate that lodging in wheat (x̅=2.26), increase in pests (x̅=2.202) and diseases (x̅=2.02) were the major impact of climate change on wheat crop. Increase precipitation (100%) and increase in temperature (77.5%) were the leading climatic indicators posing threats to the wheat crop. Aphids (95%) and yellow rust (87.5%) caused a reduction in yield as the result of climatic changes. All respondents (100%) suggested the adoption of raised bed plantations of wheat to cope with climate change. Farmers should be connected with the weather updated and public and private sector extension should diffuse the wheat production technology among farmers considering the climatic changes.
Covid-19 outbreak: challenges and opportunities towards agriculture sector
Authors: Memon Rizwan A. , Lohana Kamleshwer
Published: July 2023

This study underscores the impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on the agriculture sector and highlights some sound practices to promote agriculture growth, which is essential amid Covid-19. The primary aim of this research is to add the knowledge already available on the topic and sustain the agriculture growth amid of Covid-19 outbreak. The study revolves around its twin research question; what are the challenges to the agriculture sector amid Covid-19 and how challenges may transmute into opportunities? The qualitative methodology is used with content analysis technique to collect the data collection. Content available in diverse formats related to neighbouring characteristics of the impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on agriculture. The results of this document enable us to wrap up the purpose of the research. There is a need to improve, promote and digitalize the agriculture sector in all dimensions, that can face and overcome the challenges, which are profound due to enforcement of lockdown after the Covid-19 outbreak.  Government policy/role is an important factor to develop any type of strategy or development in this sector, especially in the value addition process. The local government can sustain local food commodities in domestic markets that will directly motivate farmers to focus on their production. No doubt, Covid-19 ascertains so many challenges for every business but the right strategy at right time transform challenges into opportunities. Strategy refers to some interests and priorities from the government side to promote the agriculture sector. This is the need of the time and essential for agriculturalists to stay in business.
Determinants of food security and prospects of crop diversification in rural regions of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Munawar Mahwish , Shiwei Xu , Wen Yu , Khalid Imran , Bashir Sana
Published: July 2023

Pakistan is an agricultural economy, yet achieving food security has become indispensable. This study aimed at measuring the influence of different factors on the state of food security among rural households and prospects of crops diversification in tackling the food insecurity. This study was conducted in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Through multi-stage random sampling, 40 households were chosen randomly, making a total sample size of 200 families from the five districts. Face-to-face interviews assisted researchers in collecting data. OLS regression model was used to examine the elements contributing to food insecurity. Of the total respondents, 56.6% were aged between 40-60 years. The majority of respondents (65%) had less than 5 acres of land, accentuating subsistence farming. More than half (53.6%) had at least five years of schooling, indicating a miserable educational situation for participating farmers. Among total population only 23.49% of farmers have practically adopted crop diversification. Age, land size, access to credit and crop diversification were statistically significant (P0.05) with FCS and negatively associated with HFIAS. Findings imply that farmers were small landholders with poor education and inadequate access to services such as credit. Therefore, the majority of farmers were found food insecure according to the FCS score. The findings indicate a great prospect of crop diversification among farmers in the region to expedite the income-generating process to structure farmers' food security. The pre-defined and revamped roles of institutions like Public Sector Agricultural Extension could serve the purpose.
Role of small and medium enterprises (SME) in women empowerment and poverty alleviation in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Riaz Umber , Chaudhry Muhammad O.
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the role of small and medium enterprises (SME) in women empowerment and poverty alleviation in Southern Punjab. The findings showed that the education level of the women, participation in SMEs, skills development index, employed persons in the household, the value of physical assets, women’s economic, familial, and social empowerment index adversely and significantly influenced of poverty while the household size and family setup positively and significantly influenced poverty. In order to alleviate poverty in Pakistan and specifically in Southern Punjab women's participation in the labour force must be encouraged, educational facilities for women should be provided especially in the rural areas, technical education should also be promoted which will not only empower the women but will also open the doors of employment. Further, transportation facilities should be improved to enhance women's participation. Credit facilities at low cost may be provided to women as a key constraint in the success of SMEs is the lack of capital.
Effect of clodinafop-propargyl compound against land snail, Helix aspersa: implications for control
Authors: Mobarak Soha A. , El-Abd Nema M. , Kandil Randa A.
Published: July 2023

The effect of clodinafop –propargyl against the mucus of land snail, Helix aspersa, was studied under laboratory and field conditions during autumn 2020 season. Snails were exposed to serial concentrations of the clodinafop-propargyl for successive seven days using contact and bait techniques. The Median Lethal concentration (LC50) was determined and the effect of LC25 of test compound was examined on the total protein and alkaline phosphatase after seven days of treatment. In the field, the effect of the test compound used poison bait was evaluated after 21 days against H. aspersa on mango nursery trees at a reclaimed land in Abu- Rwash, Giza Governorate, Egypt. The effect of clodinafop –propargyl (25.200 ppm) was compared with methomyl (4.000 ppm) a compound recommended by Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation in the field trials. The effects were evaluated after 1, 3,7, 15, and 21 days of treatment with both compounds. Based on the laboratory data for clodinafop –propargyl the LC50 were 6.750 ppm for the contact and 8.250 ppm for the bait method after seven days of treatment. Moreover, the compound caused a reduction in the total protein and alkaline phosphatase compared with the control. In the field, the compound caused 90.7% reduction in snail population compared to 75.0% reduction caused by methomyl after 21 days of treatment. Therefore, it be concluded that clodinafop –propargyl compound can be used as poison bait in the control programs to combat land snails
Training Need Assessment of rice farmers regarding weeds and their management in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Riaz Imran , Ashraf Ijaz , Ch. Khalid Mehmood , Tanveer Asif
Published: July 2023

The training needs of rice growers in Punjab, Pakistan were assessed regarding the production technology used in growing rice. Total 332 rice growers were selected through random sampling technique from tehsil Nowshera Virkan, district Gujranwala and interviewed accordingly through a face-to-face interview technique. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings indicated that farmers had adequate awareness about the weeds and their management. The demonstration was the most effective technique as used by the extension field staff to create awareness among farmers about weeds management. Social media and electronic media use were appeared least effective. This indicates that farmers were more convenient with the traditional technique of creating awareness. Regarding training needs, Rice farmers had maximum training needs regarding chemical control and identification of rice weeds. Resourceful, cost-effective, and timely weed management options are pivotal to making rice crop profitable. Thus, Agriculture Department, Punjab should be aimed at empowering the rice farmers technically, to train them through both conventional approaches (i.e. demonstration plots) and technology-led approaches (i.e. Information Communication Technologies (ICTs), social media and electronic media).
First record of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) damage to potato: a potential pest of the crop in Pakistan
Authors: Mustafa Tariq , Butt Tahir M. , Shoakat Abdullah , Nawaz Ahmed , Yousaf Hafiz K. , Zack Richard S. , Hanif Salman , Rashid Hamza , Bilal Abdul R. , Mustafa Noman B.
Published: July 2023

The recent introduction of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) into Pakistan has resulted in millions of dollars of losses for maize production. Due to the wide host range, high fecundity, and long-distance migrations favoring fall armyworm establishment, it has the potential to cause significant damage to several crops in Pakistan. In the maize cropping system, potato is another important crop that is cultivated on vast hectares. Okara is considered the hub of both maize and potato production in Pakistan. The existence of fall armyworm on maize could possibly threaten the potato crop. To ascertain the extent of possible damage from fall armyworm, we conducted a comprehensive survey of the potato growing area of the Okara District, Punjab, Pakistan. We collected twelve larvae from potato damaged plants from three different locations lat. 30.813979o, long. 73.533934o; lat. 30.725032o, long. 73.730319o and latitude 30.646966o, long. 73.786563o. Collected larvae were identified as fall armyworm. The plants from which the larvae were collected have a visible single hole at the base of the stem, which resulted in a sudden decline of feeding tiller. To our knowledge, this is the first report of fall armyworm occurrence and its damage on potato crop in Pakistan
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF ISLAMIC CULTURAL HISTORY LEARNING
Authors: Kumala Ahsinatul , Rohman Fathur
Published: July 2023

This research aims to find out the strategies of PAI teachers in teaching SKI subjects at MASS Tebuireng to improve the quality of their learning. This study used a qualitative approach using three data collection methods: observation, interviews, and documentation. To analyze the data, it was carried out through three channels, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. This study obtained the results that the SKI learning at MASS Tebuireng was in accordance with the 2013 curriculum implemented in the ministry of religion. Islamic cultural history subject in the Madrasah Aliyah curriculum is one of the subjects of Islamic Religious Education which is directed at preparing students to know, understand, and live the history of Islamic culture which will later become the basis of his outlook on life through guidance, training, teaching, use of experience and habituation. The PAI teacher's strategy in teaching SKI subjects at Madrasah Aliyah Salafiyah Safi`iyah Tebuireng Jombang has been carried out by following the proper procedure steps, namely by giving directions to motivate students first, then dividing them into several groups, then showing a video about the material being taught, then they were given the task of pursuing material to make stories, then representatives from each group presented the results, conducted questions and answers and finally the teacher evaluated them.
Consciousness and life after death in the evolution of intelligence
Authors: Senarath Dayathilake Kande Lekamalaya
Published: July 2023

To date, no scientific study has found reliable evidence of an afterlife; the mechanism of consciousness is two of the most challenging questions. Here, I show the hypotheses for consciousness and the probability of an afterlife through three simple thought experiments and theoretical evidence. I hypothesize that when a person or animal dies, the natural selection of the next life within a new nervous system’s physical types might depend on the type of the finally evolved yet unknown particle of the previous life. When a brain dies, the (two-in-one) microparticle might be emitted at infinite speed from the dead brain and simultaneously bond with a suitable naturally selected zygote or early nervous system somewhere in the universe/s and form a new life with the impact of new nature and nurture. Finding alternatives other than the afterlife is challenging, and more studies are needed to precisely understand the theory's mechanism.
NEGLIGENCE AND DRUGS IN MEDICAL LAW
Authors: BANSAL HARSH
Published: July 2023

Negligence and the use of drugs in medical practice are two critical areas of concern in the field of medical law in India. This paper provides a review of the relevant case law and statutes related to negligence and drugs in medical law in India .Negligence is defined as the failure to exercise reasonable care in the performance of one ’s duties . In the medical context , negligence can occur when a healthcare provider fails to meet the standard care expected of them, resulting in harm or injury to the patient. The legal standard of care expected of healthcare provider in India is that of a reasonable, prudent, and competent professional, taking into consideration the available resources and circumstances .
Role of Employee Performance During Covid-19: Do Motivation and Commitment Matter?
Authors: Djastuti Indi , Sugiharti Rr. Retno , Lestari Lela , Suharmono Suharmono
Published: July 2023

Purpose – This study tries to analyze the relationship between job satisfaction and employee performance with the mediating variables of work motivation and organizational commitment in during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Methodology – Structural Equation Model was built to capture the relationship between variables using purposive sampling, with the sample criteria being lecturers who have worked in both public and private tertiary institutions with a minimum work period of 2 years. When the questionnaire was distributed, the respondent was working through working-from-home scheme. In order to fulfil requirement from SEM model, 150 respondents were taken, and 128 questionnaire that can be used in estimation process.
Findings – The results showed that work motivation and organizational commitment had no effect on employee performance, nor were they mediating variables on job satisfaction. This weak relationship proves that the pandemic is a difficult time for workers. Furthermore, satisfaction from a well-completed job is objectively beneficial, but the feeling appears confined to a task without high motivation and commitment.
Originality – In case of pandemic time, Work motivation and Organizational commitment fail as a Mediating effect that connects job satisfaction to employee performance. Here’s proves that negative impact of the working-from-home policy is unavoidable.
Ulnar Neuropathy at The Elbow: What Can Be Done in Primary Care?
Authors: Fidancı Izzet
Published: July 2023

Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow is a common entrapment mononeuropathy. Leaning the elbow on hard floors for a long time, frequent and strong elbow movements, and chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus may be the risk factors for ulnar neuropathy. Patients often present with sensory abnormalities in the fourth/fifth finger and weakness in the hand muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve. The disease can be mild or cause severe weakness that limits daily activities. Therefore, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients are important. The diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy can be made by clinical features, electrodiagnostic tests, and imaging methods. Since chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease can be seen together with ulnar neuropathy, biochemical tests including blood glucose and thyroid tests should be applied to patients. Treatment of ulnar neuropathy includes medical, physical therapy practices, and surgery.
Keywords: ulnar neuropathies, elbow, primary care physicians
The Opinions of Physiotherapists With And Without Training in Manual Therapy on Undergraduate Anatomy Education: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Bozer Cuneyt , Kose Kaya Can
Published: July 2023

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the views of physiotherapists with and without training in manual therapy on undergraduate anatomy instruction and to examine the influence of manual therapy training on their views.

Methods: The study was conducted among 178 (119 females, 59 males) physiotherapists who graduated from Trakya University between 2018 and 2021. The questionnaire used for the study consists of 3 sections and 39 questions.

Results: One hundred seventy-eight questionnaires were completely filled and returned (55% response rate). Most of the training completed by physiotherapists is referred to as manual therapy. The results show that 87 (48.9%) postgraduate physiotherapists received training in manual therapy and 91 (51.1%) postgraduate physiotherapists did not receive training in manual therapy. 96.6% of physiotherapists indicated that training on cadavers increased their interest in anatomy, and 78.7% indicated that examining cadaver parts was the most effective way to learn anatomy.

Conclusion: No significant differences were found between the responses of physiotherapists who had received manual therapy training and those of physical therapists who had not, except for responses to the statement "After my anatomy education, I can easily find anatomical formations and points on myself or another person."

Keywords: physiotherapists, anatomy, education, manual therapies
Social Phobia, Traumatic Experiences and Other Psychosocial Factors Accompanying Vaginismus
Authors: Yagci Ibrahim , Inaltekin Ali
Published: July 2023

Aim: Vaginismus is the most common reason for women to apply to psychiatry outpatient clinics due to sexual problems. It has been suggested that many psychological, social, and cultural factors may cause vaginismus; however, it has not been fully clarified. In this study, factors that may be associated with vaginismus were evaluated and compared with controls.

Methods: The case group was constituted of 28 females diagnosed with primary vaginismus, and the control group was constituted of 27 healthy individuals with no difficulty in vaginal penetration. All individuals participating in the study were evaluated with self-reported scales in terms of state-trait anxiety, social phobia, self-regard, childhood trauma, and sexual function. In addition, sociodemographic variables were collected for each participant.

Results: While the mean age was 25.04±2.62 in the vaginismus group, it was 26.48±2.83 in the control group. Compared to the control group, women with vaginismus were found to have significantly higher scores for age difference with their parents, state-trait anxiety, emotional neglect, physical neglect, emotional abuse, a total of childhood trauma scale, communication, satisfaction, touching, frequency, vaginismus, anorgasmia, and lower scores for self-esteem. In addition, a positive correlation was found between maternal education level, state and trait anxiety, childhood trauma, social phobia, self-esteem scale score and vaginismus.

Conclusion: It was considered that to evaluate vaginismus only as an entry difficulty would be deficient and that there may be comorbid or related conditions such as social phobia, anxiety, trauma, low self-esteem, and a holistic evaluation is necessary.

Keywords: psychological trauma, psychosocial factors, social phobia, vaginismus
The Relation Between Patient Empowerment and Self-Efficacy in The Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Followed Up in Primary Healthcare Services
Authors: Aydogdu Abdullah , Unalan Demet
Published: July 2023

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to analyze the relationship between patient empowerment and self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes followed up in primary healthcare services.

Methods: Voluntary 289 diabetes patients were included in the study whose sample consisted of diabetes patients living in Melikgazi, Kayseri. As data collection tools in the study, a questionnaire that includes questions related to demographic-socio-cultural characteristics of the patients and information about the diabetes disease, Patient Empowerment Scale, and Self-Efficacy Scale were used. Within the scope of the descriptive features of the findings; number and percentage distributions as well as mean, standard deviation, median, minimum and maximum values are shown. In comparisons between groups, independent two-sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for quantitative variables.

Results: A positive relationship was found between the patients' self-efficacy levels and their levels of being affected by the patient empowerment activity. Moreover, it was distinguished that demographic changes also changed self-efficacy and empowerment positively. Furthermore, it was observed that the impression of their illness in diabetes patients affected their self-efficacy perceptions, while the positive attitude towards empowerment also affected the level of self-efficacy.

Conclusion: In conclusion, it is expected that the results of the research will provide important information to decision-makers, health managers, and health workers about the effectiveness of extra work to regard supporting medical treatment in the fight against chronic diseases, especially diabetes.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus, empowerment, self efficacy
Perceived Social Support and Life Satisfaction Among Caregivers of Children and Adolescents in Health Measure
Authors: Suzer Gamli Ipek , Sehman Hilal , Gurnal Ahmet Can , Simsek Caglar
Published: July 2023

Aim: Living with a child in health measures is challenging for the non-offender caregiver. In addition, adverse psychosocial situations usually co-occur and increase the mental burden. Providing social support for these families is vital for the course. This study aims to compare the level of perceived social support and life satisfaction of non-offending caregivers and whether there is a relationship between any specific psychopathology of children in health measures.

Methods: Fifty-eight children and their caregivers who are referred under the child protection law were included. Sociodemographic data, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were filled.

Results: No significant relationship was found between any specific psychopathology and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support in any subscale, however, life satisfaction was significantly worse in children with higher overall Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores. Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Satisfaction with Life Scale were significantly related to each subscale, monthly income, and custody status, but independent of familial educational level. Non-nuclear families and social assistance recipients have significantly lower levels of Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Satisfaction with Life Scale.

Conclusion: This study highlights the need to determine the parameters that shape psychosocial interventions and parental perceptions independent of psychopathology.

Keywords: child protective services, caregivers, psychosocial support systems, child guidance, mental health
Mind–body-medicine in oncology—from patient needs to tailored programs and interventions: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Leonhardt Jonas , Winkler Marcela , Kollikowski Anne , Schiffmann Lisa , Quenzer Anne , Einsele Hermann , Löffler Claudia
Published: July 2023

Introduction

National and international guidelines recommend early integration of evidence-based multimodal interventions and programs, especially with a focus on relaxation techniques and other Mind–Body-based methods to maintain the quality of life of oncology patients, improve treatment tolerability, and promote healthy lifestyle behaviors. Consequently, we aim to understand what drives patients and how they navigate integrative medicine to best advise them. This study aimed to detect possible topics of particular interest to patients and identify the patient groups that could benefit most from further programs. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate if patients are open-minded toward integrative oncology concepts and learn about their motivational level to maintain or change behavior.

Methods

Between August 2019 and October 2020 we surveyed patients undergoing oncological therapy in a university oncological outpatient center using a custom-developed questionnaire based on established Mind–Body Medicine concepts.

Results

We included 294 patients with various cancers. More than half reported problems sleeping through (61%) and 42% felt stressed frequently, invariably rating this as detrimental to their health. Moreover, a slight majority (52%) felt physically limited due to their disease and only 30% performed defined exercise programs. Women were significantly more likely to feel stressed and reported with alarming frequency that they often feel “everything was up to them.” The 40–65-year-olds reported significantly less restful sleep, more stress and were more dissatisfied with their situation. However, this group already used natural remedies most frequently and was most often motivated to use relaxation techniques in the next 6 months. The lower the perceived individual energy level (EL), the less frequently patients did sport, the more frequently they felt their disease impaired their activity, mostly feeling stressed and tense. We also found significant associations between negative emotions/thoughts and the variables “sleep,” “use of relaxation techniques,” “personal stress perception,” and “successful lifestyle modification.”

Conclusion

Mind–Body programs that focus on patient’s individual resources, with tools to explore impairing patterns of self-perception and cognitive biases, can be a valuable resource for oncology patients and should therefore be part of an integrative medical treatment concept.