bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coral reef potential connectivity in the southwest Indian Ocean
Authors: Vogt-Vincent Noam S , Burt April J , van der Ven Rosa M , Johnson Helen L
Published: November 2023

The tropical southwest Indian Ocean is a coral biodiversity hotspot, with remote reefs physically connected by larval dispersal through eddies and a complex set of equatorial and boundary currents. Based on multidecadal, 2 km resolution hydrodynamic and larval dispersal models that incorporate temporal variability in dispersal, we find that powerful zonal currents, current bifurcations, and geographic isolation act as leaky dispersal barriers, partitioning the southwest Indian Ocean into clusters of reefs that tend to consistently retain larvae, and therefore gene flow, over many generations. Whilst exceptionally remote, the Chagos Archipelago can broadcast (and receive) considerable numbers of larvae to (and from) reefs across the wider west Indian Ocean, most significantly exchanging larvae with the Inner Islands of Seychelles, but also the Mozambique Channel region. Considering multi-generational dispersal indicates that most coral populations in the southwest Indian Ocean are physically connected within a few hundred steps of dispersal. These results suggest that regional biogeography and population structure can be largely attributed to geologically recent patterns of larval dispersal, although some notable discrepancies indicate that palaeogeography and environmental suitability also play an important role. The model output and connectivity matrices are available in full, and will provide useful physical context to regional biogeography and connectivity studies, as well as supporting marine spatial planning efforts.
StayGold Photostability under Different Illumination Modes
Authors: Hirano Masahiko , Yonemaru Yasuo , Shimozono Satoshi , Sugiyama Mayu , Ando Ryoko , Okada Yasushi , Fujiwara Takahiro , Miyawaki Atsushi
Published: November 2023

StayGold is a bright fluorescent protein (FP) that is over one order of magnitude more photostable than any of the currently available FPs across the full range of illumination intensities used in widefield microscopy and structured illumination microscopy, the latter of which is a widefield illumination-based technique. To compare the photostability of StayGold under other illumination modes with that of three other green-emitting FPs, namely EGFP, mClover3, and mNeonGreen, we expressed all four FPs as fusions to histone 2B in HeLa cells. Unlike the case of widefield microscopy, the photobleaching behavior of these FPs in laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) is complicated. The outstanding photostability of StayGold observed in multi-beam LSCM was variably attenuated in single-beam LSCM, which produces intermittent and instantaneously strong illumination. We systematically examined the effects of different single-beam LSCM beam-scanning patterns on the photostability of the FPs. This study offers relevant guidelines for researchers who aim to achieve sustainable imaging by resolving problems related to FP photostability.
An experimental target-based platform in yeast for screeningPlasmodium vivaxdeoxyhypusine synthase inhibitors
Authors: Silva Suélen Fernandes , Klippel Angélica Hollunder , Sigurdardóttir Sunniva , Mahdizadeh Sayyed Jalil , Tiukova Ievgeniia , Bourgard Catarina , Monteiro do Amaral Prado Heloísa , de Araujo Renan Vinicius , Bilsland Elizabeth , King Ross D. , Massirer Katlin Brauer , Eriksson Leif A. , Bengtson Mário Henrique , Sunnerhagen Per , Zanelli Cleslei Fernando
Published: November 2023

The enzyme deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) catalyzes the first step in the post-translational modification of the eukaryotic translation factor 5A (eIF5A). This is the only protein known to contain the amino acid hypusine, which results from this modification. Both eIF5A and DHS are essential for cell viability in eukaryotes, and inhibiting DHS can be a promising strategy for the development of new therapeutic alternatives. The human and parasitic orthologous proteins are different enough to render selective targeting against infectious diseases; however, no DHS inhibitor selective for the parasite ortholog has previously been reported. Here, we established a yeast surrogate genetics platform to identify inhibitors of DHS fromPlasmodium vivax,one of the major causative agents of malaria. We constructed genetically modifiedSaccharomyces cerevisiaestrains expressing DHS genes fromHomo sapiens(HsDHS) orP. vivax(PvDHS) in place of the endogenous DHS gene fromS. cerevisiae. This new strain background was ∼60-fold more sensitive to an inhibitor of human DHS than the one previously used. Initially, a virtual screen using datasets from the ChEMBL-NTD database was performed. Candidate ligands were tested in growth assays using the newly generated yeast strains expressing heterologous DHS genes. Among these, two showed promise by preferentially reducing the growth of the PvDHS-expressing strain. Further, in a robotized assay, we screened 400 compounds from the Pathogen Box library using the sameS. cerevisiaestrains, and one compound preferentially reduced the growth of the PvDHS-expressing yeast strain. Western blot revealed that these compounds significantly reduced eIF5A hypusination in yeast. Our study demonstrates that this yeast-based platform is suitable for identifying and verifying candidate small molecule DHS inhibitors, selective for the parasite over the human ortholog.
The complexities of embracing mechatronics in the Nigerian construction industry
Authors: Oke Ayodeji Emmanuel , Aliu John , Oni Samuel Bankole , Ilesanmi Oluwadamilare Olamide
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the obstacles to mechatronics adoption in the construction industry from a Nigerian perspective. It aims to fill the knowledge gap by focusing on the specific challenges faced in developing countries, considering the unique contexts and constraints of the Nigerian construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a comprehensive literature review to identify 26 obstacles to mechatronics adoption. These obstacles were used to develop a well-structured questionnaire, which was then distributed to construction professionals using Google Forms through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The rankings obtained from the questionnaire responses were analyzed to determine the most significant obstacles.

Findings

The study revealed the top five most significant obstacles to mechatronics adoption in the Nigerian construction industry. These obstacles include high costs of operation and maintenance, resistance to adopting new technologies, a lack of standardized protocols, insufficient maintenance capabilities and a lack of government support. Factor analysis revealed five clusters of obstacles: technological-related factors, economic-related factors, capability-related factors, government-related factors and awareness-related factors.

Practical implications

Findings from this study have the potential to inform decision-making, drive policy changes and guide future research efforts aimed at promoting the widespread adoption of mechatronics technologies, ultimately leading to the transformation and improvement of the construction industry as a whole.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the field of mechatronics adoption in the construction industry by addressing the gap in research specific to developing countries such as Nigeria. By identifying and analyzing the obstacles from a Nigerian perspective, the study offers unique insights and original findings.
Workplace information literacy in context: scale development and validation
Authors: Aslam Maria , Batool Syeda Hina , Ameen Kanwal
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The study aims to develop a validated scale to measure the workplace information literacy (WIL) skills of Quality Enhancement Cell’s staff based on the i-skills model.

Design/methodology/approach

To develop scale, a multi-stage scale development procedure was adopted. The comprehensive WIL scale was developed and validated in four phases. The first phase involved reviewing literature, content and face validity through experts. In the later stages, through survey method, the construct validity was tested with the application of the exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis. The scale reliability further calculated through Cronbach’s alpha internal reliability coefficient. The SPSS was used to test and validate the designed scale.

Findings

A multi-dimensional, reliable 62-item scale classified into eight factors was developed. Results indicate that the designed scale achieved internal, face, content, construct validity and reliability. The refined scale has the potential to be used in similar context, however, can be modified for diverse contexts and situations.

Originality/value

To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first validated scale of WIL based on the i-skills model. Looking at the prior developed scales, this tool is unique in nature to focus on the skills of administrative staff.
To stay or go? Understanding ambivalence toward moving on from supportive housing among supportive housing residents in a Moving On initiative
Authors: Livingstone Kimberly , Tiderington Emmy
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Moving On initiatives (MOIs) provide opportunities for permanent supportive housing (PSH) residents to exit PSH services for mainstream housing. This study aims to better understand the factors that influence residents’ decisions on whether to leave or stay in these services.

Design/methodology/approach

This study examines ambivalence toward leaving PSH using interviews with 40 MOI participants. Data were analyzed using framework analysis.

Findings

“Pull factors” for staying in PSH included secure benefits, partial autonomy and being comfortable enough. Participants viewed PSH as their cheapest option and a protective force. They also described PSH as “semi-independence” and expressed concern with a lack of privacy, free movement and unwanted supervision.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to consider residents’ motivations for staying in PSH when given the opportunity to leave. Implications for PSH service delivery and implementation of MOIs are discussed.
Individual factors impacting tourist satisfaction and revisit intention in slow tourism cities: an extended model
Authors: Baghirov Fakhri , Bozbay Zehra , Zhang Ye
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Postpandemic efforts to rebuild have steered the global economy toward a more sustainable trajectory. It is imperative to acknowledge the pressing need for further enhancements in the sustainable development of the tourism industry. This study aims to examine the influence of personal factors, including environmental concern, cultural interest, travel lifestyle and involvement, on tourist satisfaction and revisit intention, using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as its framework.

Design/methodology/approach

The data was gathered through surveys conducted in three of Türkiye’s most famous slow travel destinations: Seferihisar, Gökçeada and Akyaka. The analysis was carried out using SPSS and SmartPLS software, with subsequent structural model testing.

Findings

This study presents an extended model that incorporates four individual factors, tourist satisfaction, TPB and revisit intention. All hypotheses have been rigorously tested, and the model accounts for 60.4% of the variance in revisit intention. The findings are comprehensively discussed in this article, supported by relevant theoretical frameworks.

Research limitations/implications

Future research avenues could delve into the evolution of slow tourism in both developed and developing countries, assess disparities in revisit intentions between slow tourism and mass tourism destinations and investigate the prospects of sustainable tourism development in the postpandemic era.

Originality/value

The authors use the TPB to examine individual factors, tourist satisfaction and revisit intentions, aiming to build an extended model to gain a deeper understanding of the slow tourist decision-making process.
Regional heterogeneity in undernourishment: the case of Nepal
Authors: Poudel Dikshit , Gopinath Munisamy
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Ensuring adequate access to food to all has remained a major challenge of the 21st century. To aid the effort of hunger alleviation, many studies have quantified the prevalence of undernourishment (PoU), mostly at the national level. There has been limited attention to understanding the intra-country variation in undernourishment estimates.

Design/methodology/approach

Unlike past studies, this study tracks the substantial regional heterogeneity in the undernourishment status within Nepal. Employing Food and Agriculture Organization's methodology and Nepal Living Standards Survey data from 1995, 2003 and 2011, household energy consumption and requirements are computed to determine regional undernourishment.

Findings

Nepal's PoU declined between 1995 and 2003 but increased after 2003 affecting approximately 7.6 million Nepalese in 2011. The Terai domain – Provinces 2 and 5 – are found to be the most vulnerable to undernourishment concerns likely because of economic and natural shocks. Province 4 achieved higher progress in alleviating undernourishment during 2003, but its PoU doubled in 2011 (as in Province 6).

Research limitations/implications

By examining where and how many are undernourished within Nepal, this study has provided a more accurate picture of the PoU for better-targeting assistance to improve the livelihood of its citizens.

Originality/value

Past studies indicate substantial variation in food access and PoU within Nepal. While they provide some answers to “where and how many” questions for some districts, provinces, belts and urban/rural domains at the cross-sectional level (or for selected locales), few have examined intra-Nepal heterogeneity, especially over time. Therefore, this study explores where and how many within Nepal have been undernourished during the past three decades.
Spain is different! An analysis of the promotion strategies in the tourism industry in Spain
Authors: Blázquez-Resino Juan José , Martínez-Ruiz María Pilar , Muro Rodríguez Ana Isabel
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Given the great tourist attractiveness of Spain at international level, tourism has become one of the main sources of income and employment, as well as a basic pillar of the Spanish economy. With these ideas in mind, this paper aims to study how the different promotion strategies implemented in the industry have influenced the evolution of tourism in Spain since the early 20th century.

Design/methodology/approach

The research is a general review, providing a historical examination of the diverse promotion strategies deployed in the tourism industry in Spain over the past decades. It focuses on the descriptive approach of these strategies and their implications throughout the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century.

Findings

The findings reveal a shift in recent years from strategies focused on Marketing 1.0 to strategies that, apart from being centered on consumer values (therefore, Marketing 3.0), are beginning to rely to a greater extent on information and communication technologies (ICT) and sustainability, more in line with the more recent Marketing 4.0 and even Marketing 5.0.

Social implications

This work has many implications for the management of public and private operators in the industry, including the need to incorporate the latest marketing trends – most notably the advances in ICT and sustainability.

Originality/value

The study offers an in-depth understanding of how marketing strategies have been used in the tourism sector in Spain from the end of the 19th century to the present day, which is highly original compared to previous studies.
A mixed-methods process evaluation of an integrated care system's population health management system to reduce health inequalities in COVID-19 vaccination uptake
Authors: Watson Georgia , Moore Cassie , Aspinal Fiona , Hutchings Andrew , Raine Rosalind , Sheringham Jessica
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Many countries have a renewed focus on health inequalities since COVID-19. In England, integrated care systems (ICSs), formed in 2022 to promote integration, are required to reduce health inequalities. Integration is supported by population health management (PHM) which links data across health and care organisations to inform service delivery. It is not well-understood how PHM can help ICSs reduce health inequalities. This paper describes development of a programme theory to advance this understanding.

Design/methodology/approach

This study was conducted as a mixed-methods process evaluation in a local ICS using PHM. The study used Framework to analyse interviews with health and care professionals about a PHM tool, the COVID-19 vaccination uptake Dashboard. Quantitative data on staff Dashboard usage were analysed descriptively. To develop a wider programme theory, local findings were discussed with national PHM stakeholders.

Findings

ICS staff used PHM in heterogeneous ways to influence programme delivery and reduce inequalities in vaccine uptake. PHM data was most influential where it highlighted action was needed for “targetable” populations. PHM is more likely to influence decisions on reducing inequalities where data are trusted and valued, data platforms are underpinned by positive inter-organisational relationships and where the health inequality is a shared priority.

Originality/value

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated a shift toward use of digital health platforms and integrated working across ICSs. This paper used an evaluation of integrated data to reduce inequalities in COVID-19 vaccine delivery to propose a novel programme theory for how integrated data can support ICS staff to tackle health inequalities.
Trade books' historical representation of Margaret Sanger
Authors: Bickford John H.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This content analysis examines the historical representation of Margaret Sanger within trade books. From the framework of the historiography, this paper unpacks how common curricular resources depict an American icon with a complicated past.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the author conducted a content analysis of biographies and expository compilations featuring Sanger. The entire data pool were sampled and analyzed.

Findings

The trade books, particularly the biographies, historically represented Sanger in most categories. Sanger's international direct action and eugenics were two misrepresented areas. Expository compilations, with more limited space than biographies, contained more omissions and minimized or vague depictions of key areas. Findings did not appear dependent upon date of publication.

Originality/value

This study explores an icon of America's free speech battles and birth control rights at a time when culture wars are shaping current events. No researchers have previously explored Sanger's historical representation within trade books.
NR0B1 augments sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma through promoting autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis
Authors: Tan Xiao lan , Wang Zhaokun , Liao Shunyao , Yi Ming , Tao Dachang , Zhang Xinyue , Leng Xiangyou , Shi Jiaying , Xie Shengyu , Yang Yuan , Liu Yun qiang
Published: November 2023

NR0B1 is frequently activated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of NR0B1 is controversial in HCC. In this study, we observed that NR0B1 was an independent poor prognostic factor, negatively correlated with the overall survival of HCC and the relapse‐free survival of patients treated with sorafenib. Meanwhile, NR0B1 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells, inhibited sorafenib‐induced apoptosis, and elevated the IC50 of sorafenib in HCC cells. NR0B1 was further displayed to increase sorafenib‐induced autophagic vesicles and activate Beclin1/LC3‐II‐dependent autophagy pathway. Finally, NR0B1 was revealed to transcriptionally suppress GSK3β that restrains AMPK/mTOR‐driven autophagy and increases BAX‐mediated apoptosis. Collectively, our study uncovered that the ectopic expression of NR0B1 augmented sorafenib‐resistance in HCC cells by activating autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis. Our findings supported that NR0B1 was a detrimental factor for HCC prognosis.
Quality of life among people living with HIV aged 50 years and over in Australia: Identifying opportunities to support better ageing
Authors: Dawe Joshua , Cassano Dean , Keane Richard , Ruth Simon , Wilkinson Anna Lee , Elsum Imogen , Gunn Jack , Brown Graham , West Michael , Hoy Jennifer , Power Jennifer , Stoové Mark
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Improved life expectancy has led to an ageing population of people living with HIV in most countries. Research on ageing among people living with HIV has predominantly focused on physical and health‐related quality of life rather than multidimensional quality of life. We measured quality of life among older people living with HIV in Australia and identified opportunities to guide the development and implementation of appropriate interventions.

Methods

In a national health and wellbeing survey of Australian people living with HIV, participants aged ≥50 years completed additional questions relevant to ageing. Quality of life was measured using PozQoL, a validated multidimensional instrument assessing quality of life among people living with HIV (range 1–5). Exploratory bivariate analyses aimed to identify sociodemographic characteristics associated with quality of life. Adjusted linear regressions aimed to assess changes in PozQoL score associated with recent experiences (last 12 months) of four exposures: food insecurity, HIV‐related stigma, isolation from the HIV community, and difficulties accessing non‐HIV health services.

Results

Among 319 older people living with HIV, the mean PozQol score was 3.30 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.20–3.39). In bivariate analyses, PozQol scores were significantly higher among participants who were older (p = 0.006), had higher educational attainment (p = 0.009), were in a relationship (p = 0.005), were employed (p = 0.005), and had a higher income (p = 0.001). In adjusted regression models, PozQoL scores were lower among participants who reported recent experiences of food insecurity (β −0.49; 95% CI −0.74 to −0.24), stigma (β −0.53; 95% CI −0.73 to −0.33), isolation from the HIV community (β −0.49; 95% CI −0.70 to −0.29), and difficulties accessing non‐HIV health services (β −0.50; 95% CI −0.71 to −0.30).

Conclusions

Overall, older people living with HIV in this study had a moderate quality of life. Our findings suggest that HIV services should integrate programmes to support economic security and foster connections within the HIV community and across health services.
Effect of clinical experience and training with visual feedback on standardized palpation outcomes—Potential implications for assessment of jaw muscle sensitivity
Authors: Iwata Yoshihiro , Nishimori Hideta , Iida Takashi , Masuda Manabu , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Ishii Yuki , Yamakawa Yuichirou , Hayakawa Hidetoshi , Svensson Peter , Komiyama Osamu
Published: November 2023

Background

The evaluation of muscle pain and sensitivity by manual palpation is an important part of the clinical examination in patients with myalgia. However, the effects of clinical experience and visual feedback on palpation of the masticatory muscles with or without a palpometer are not known.

Objective

To estimate the effects of clinical experience and visual feedback on the accuracy of palpation in standardized settings.

Methods

Thirty‐two dentists (age 35 ± 11 years) classified as either specialists (n = 16) or generalists (n = 16) participated in this experiment. All dentists were instructed to target force levels of 500‐ or 1000‐gf, as determined on an electronic scale using either standardized palpometers or manual palpation (MP). All dentists participated in four different tests: MP, MP with visual feedback (MPVF), palpometer (PAL) and PAL with visual feedback (PALVF). Actual force values for each type of palpation from 0 to 2, 2 to 5 and 0 to 5 s were analysed by calculating target force level.

Results

The relative differences during 2–5 and 0–5 s with 1000 gf were significantly lower for generalists than for specialists (p < .05). In generalists and specialists, the coefficients of variation and the relative differences during 2–5 s were significantly lower for PAL and PALVF than for MP (p < .05).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the use of a palpometer, but not clinical experience with palpation of masticatory muscles, increases the accuracy of palpation, and ≥2 s of palpation with a palpometer is optimal for masticatory muscles.
Campo del Cielo modeling and comparison with observations: II. Funnels and craters
Authors: Luther R. , Schmalen A. , Artemieva N.
Published: November 2023

The Campo del Cielo impact structure exhibits several penetration funnels and impact craters. Here, we model the formation of these funnels with pre‐impact conditions consistent with the results of meteoroid entry models. We study vertical impacts to find the dependence of funnel geometry (depth, diameter) on impact velocity and target porosity. At velocities above 1 km s−1, we observe strong deformation of the projectile and transformation of funnels into regular impact craters. We also use 3‐D impact models to study oblique impacts and find that in the case of impact angles <25° to the horizon, the projectile bounces off the target. Instead of a funnel, an elongated groove forms, while the fragmented projectile escapes and moves farther downrange. At steeper impact angles, funnels form with the projectile at its tip. Early interpretations of the Campo del Cielo impact angle at 9–10° were based on (i) an oversimplified atmospheric model allowing “correct” strewn field elongation and (ii) the results of excavation in which the sloping boundary between breccia‐like materials and infilling loess was interpreted as a true crater floor and its slope was equated to the impact angle. As our models show, the projectile trajectory within the target is not a straight line, and the angle to horizon changes from a steep one at the impact point to zero and then to a negative value (the projectile is moving upward). We also model two impact craters (Hoyo de la Cañada and Laguna Negra) created by high‐velocity fragments to demonstrate the projectile remnants ricochet in the downrange direction.
Explaining the Decline Of Suicide Terrorism in Turkey
Authors: Demir Sertif , Ülgül Murat
Published: November 2023

Since the 9/11 attacks, there has been a growing interest in the terrorism problem, in general, and the strategy of suicide bombing, in particular. Between 1996 and 2016, Turkey experienced several deadly suicide attacks by groups like the Kurdistan Workers’ Party, the Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front, al‐Qaeda, and the Islamic State. These attacks can be explained by individual‐oriented, institutional, socio‐psychological/economical/identity, and structural theories. However, a central question now is why there have been no suicide attacks since 2016—that is, until the attempted bombing of the Ministry of the Interior on October 1, 2023. This article advances five main reasons for this success: a shift in Turkey's antiterrorism strategy, the introduction of new technologies, terror groups’ concerns about losing legitimacy among supporters, the failure of these organizations to achieve their objectives through suicide terrorism, and changes in Turkey's external environment. The article concludes that, as the October 1 attack demonstrates, the renewal of suicide terrorism is likely, given Ankara's sole focus on the institutional and international/structural aspects of the problem, which does not allow enough attention on individual and sociological factors.
Design of a Biometric-based E-Ticketing and Access Control Framework for Public Transportation
Authors: Achimba Terfa , Iwasokun Gabriel
Published: November 2023

The use of public transportation has increased during the previous few decades. The management of the transportation systems and the sale of tickets have become increasingly difficult tasks as a result of the rise in usage. It is encouraging to see mobile devices being used for ticketing solutions. However, present approaches are frequently rigid and demand manual interactions that result in transient data. Other issues with the current systems include conflicts, environmental degradation, extortion, misapplication of funds, and unauthorized access to vehicles. Commuters may also become frustrated while waiting in lines to buy tickets or have their smart cards scanned. This paper presents the design of an e-ticketing and access control framework for the automated collection of transport fares and control of access to vehicles. The framework consists of e-ticketing and access control modules. The e-ticketing module enables passengers to register and make payments for transport fares based on their travel destinations. The access control module was designed to use a camera to capture the passenger’s facial biometrics for processing and then make a decision on whether a passenger can board a vehicle or not.  Full implementation of the framework will provide passenger convenience and improve the performance of the existing public transportation systems.
Development of a Stock Control and Management System based on Just-in-Time Technique
Authors: Iwasokun Gabriel Babatunde , Ogunseye Mojisola O. , Adeleye Samuel Adedeji
Published: November 2023

The existing inventory control and management systems are bedevilled with issues such as lack of implementation, non-generalization, susceptibility to subjectivity, measurement error, and low reliability, among others. This paper presents a Just-in-Time platform that could overcome some of these inventory management issues. The platform comprises customer, demand planning, supply and production control interfaces. The customer interface provides the basis of interaction between the user and the system and was designed with friendliness, efficiency and enjoyable tendencies while facilitating a seamless operation. The demand planning interface comprises sales and demand planning components for online receipt and processing of sales orders and verifications of customers' personal information and payment details. The supplier interface is required for receipt of manufacturing orders and supply by the production schedule. The production planning control interface handles the production items, time, and quantities and so on. It was designed to provide capacity for speedy production to meet agreed or projected demand. The experimental study of the model on the ordering management of two production companies in Lagos, Nigeria confirmed its positive impact on the production cycle, turnover and holding cost with its 95% fulfilment of orders compared to 73% recorded for the non-JIT ordering. It was also revealed that the use of Just-in-Time (JIT) led to a 59.34% gain in profit and 12.73% reduction in expenditure.
Evaluating preanalytical sample storage parameters for nucleic acid-based detection ofNeisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Fernando Janath A , Krysiak Marcelina , Prestedge Jacqueline , Azzato Francesca , Williamson Deborah A , Pasricha Shivani
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To ensure accurate diagnosis of infectious diseases, preanalytical factors should be considered when assessing specimen quality and subsequent test result. Accordingly, we aimed to systematically assess the effect of storage time, temperature and buffer on the analytical sensitivity of detecting the sexually transmitted pathogen,Neisseria gonorrhoeaeacross multiple molecular diagnostic platforms.

Methods

CulturedN. gonorrhoeaewas spiked into generic and commercial storage buffers and stored at four temperatures and five time points, ranging from −20°C to 37°C, over 30 days. Samples were processed using the Alinity m STI, Xpert CT/NG and Aptima Combo 2 nucleic acid amplification assays and an in-house quantitative PCR assay. A reduction in analytical sensitivity was defined as a significant (p<0.05) increase in cycle threshold (Ct) value relative to control samples.

Results

In total, 2756 samples were processed, withN. gonorrhoeaedetected in 99.2% of samples. With respect to time, analytical sensitivity was maintained from day 2 (113/120; 94.2%) up to day 30 (110/120; 91.7%) relative to baseline samples. With respect to temperature, analytical sensitivity was maintained from −20°C (147/150; 98.0%) up to 37°C (136/150; 90.7%) relative to baseline samples. Generic buffers, Viral Transport Medium and Amies Liquid Media showed a reduction in analytical sensitivity compared with their commercial counterparts, Aptima Multitest Swab Transport Media and Abbott Alinity transport buffer using select diagnostic assays; this reduction appeared temperature dependent, with the largest differences in median Ct values observed at 37°C (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Increased prevalence of sample self-collection for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) warrants an evaluation of preanalytical sample storage variables on diagnostic testing performance. Here, across a range of time points, temperatures and storage buffers,N. gonorrhoeaewas successfully detected, supporting flexibility in sample storage, and by extension the feasibility of analysing self-collected samples to improve access to STI testing.
Predictive value of lung function measures for cardiovascular risk: a large prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhou Lihui , Yang Hongxi , Zhang Yuan , Wang Yuan , Zhou Xin , Liu Tong , Yang Qing , Wang Yaogang
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Although lung function measures are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), the added predictive values of these measures remain unclear.

Methods

From the UK Biobank, 308 415 participants free of CVD with spirometry parameters were included. The CVD outcomes included were defined by QRISK3, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) and the European Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) prediction models, respectively. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the associations of lung function measures with CVD outcomes. The predictive capability was determined by the decision curve analyses.

Results

Over a median follow-up of 12.5 years, 21 885 QRISK3 events, 12 843 ACC/AHA events and 2987 SCORE events were recorded. The associations of spirometry parameters with CVD outcomes were L-shaped. Restrictive and obstructive impairments were associated with adjusted HRs of 1.84 (95% CI: 1.65 to 2.06) and 1.72 (95% CI: 1.55 to 1.90) for SCORE CVD, respectively, compared with normal spirometry. Similar associations were seen for QRISK3 CVD (restrictive vs normal, adjusted HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.36; obstructive vs normal, adjusted HR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.25) and ACC/AHA CVD (restrictive vs normal, adjusted HR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.31 to 1.47; obstructive vs normal, adjusted HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.33). Using models that integrated non-linear forced expiratory volume in 1 s led to additional 10-year net benefits per 100 000 persons of 25, 43 and 5 for QRISK3 CVD at the threshold of 10%, ACC/AHA CVD at 7.5% and SCORE CVD at 5.0%, respectively.

Conclusion

Clinicians could consider spirometry indicators in CVD risk assessment. Cost-effectiveness studies and clinical trials are needed to put new CVD risk assessment into practice.
Stability, Hopf Bifurcation and Numerical Simulation of an HIV Model with Two Modes of Transmission and with Cellular and Humoral Immunity
Authors: Hemmatzadeh Zeynab , Roomi Vahid , Gharahasanlou Tohid Kasbi
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we incorporate immune systems containing Cytotoxic T lymphocyte and humoral immunity into a general human immunodeficiency viruses infection model, which also considers logistic growth for target cells and both modes of spread, cell-to-cell and cell-free represents, by linear functions. We derive five threshold parameters which are used to study the existence of equilibria. By considering the characteristic equations, the local stability of disease-free and immune-free equilibria is investigated. Lyapunov functions and LaSalle’s invariance are constructed to prove the global stability of all steady states. Global dynamics of the human immunodeficiency viruses model can be accurately expressed by threshold parameters; also the existence of Hopf bifurcation is discussed and the results are expressed in the form of a proposition. Furthermore, numerical simulations confirm the corresponding theoretical results.
Traveling Wave Solutions and Bifurcations of a New Generalized (3 + 1)-Dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili Equation
Authors: Liu M. Y. , Xu H. , Wang Z. G.
Published: November 2023

A new generalized [Formula: see text]-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation is investigated via bifurcation theory. Firstly, the phase portraits of the equation are drawn, and the corresponding qualitative conclusions are summarized. Then, based on the orbits of phase portraits, some exact solutions, including periodic, singular and soliton solutions, are derived. In addition, we enumerate twenty-seven solutions utilizing the generalized Riccati equation mapping method. Furthermore, the physical structures of some solutions are graphically constructed with setting suitable values of parameters.
Bifurcation and Geometric Singular Perturbation Analysis of a Multi-timescale Pituitary Model
Authors: He Ke , Zhao Na , Song Jian , Liu Shenquan
Published: November 2023

This paper thoroughly discusses the electric activities generated by ion communication between cells and their surrounding environment. Specifically, it focuses on the transients of firing activities of a four-dimensional pituitary model that evolves on three disparate timescales. To examine the impact of inward rectifying [Formula: see text] current and calcium concentration on the firing activities, a bifurcation analysis is conducted, categorizing three primary behaviors: resting, tonic spiking, and bursting. Each behavior is validated through their respective time courses, with the pituitary cells showing higher secretion rates of hormones and neurotransmitters during bursting than spiking. The geometric singular perturbed theory is applied to reveal hidden geometric features and the transient mechanisms associated with bursting, particularly mixed-mode oscillations (MMOs). Singular orbit construction performed in two-timescale separation with different viewpoints offers clarity on the underlying dynamic mechanisms. Canard-induced MMOs are observed in the context of 1 fast/3 slow and 2 fast/2 slow separations, facilitated by the presence of folded saddle-node and folded node, respectively. Additionally, the fast–slow analysis of the 3 fast/1 slow subsystem, which treats calcium concentration [Formula: see text] as a parameter, in conjunction with the singular orbit constructions, effectively illustrates the system’s complex dynamics. Furthermore, the information obtained in 1 fast/3 slow and 3 fast/1 slow discussions is interplayed in the context of three-timescale separation. The singular orbits identified within three-timescale framework offer a supplemental perspective to the delicate firing patterns observed in two-timescale analysis, enriching the overall understanding of the transient and long-term firing behaviors of the pituitary cells. This study presents valuable insights into the firing features in pituitary cells from the perspectives of dynamic systems. The singular perturbation analysis provides useful viewpoints for accessing firing patterns in multi-timescale systems.
Hong Kong Guangdong Rheumatology Meeting
Authors: ZHANG Hui
Published: November 2023

Metabolic reprograming drives the activation of lymphocytes, allowing them to turn into highly autoreactive T cells and B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Metabolic demands among immune cell types are distinct and metabolic reprograming is associated with immune cell development, activation and differentiation. Recent advances in immunometabolism has defined T/B cell behaviors by the intricate interplay between metabolic rewriting and T/B cell functions. During T cell activation, T cells rely on glucose glycolysis for bioenergy fulfillment. While B cells, germinal center B cells in particular, tend to consume fatty acid for ATP synthesis. Our data revealed that T cells from patients with lupus nephritis (LN) exhibit higher level of glycose glycolysis. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in the salvage NAD+ biosynthetic pathway cntrol IFN[Formula: see text] production by CD4+ T cells in LN. Inhibition of NAMPT suppressed IFN[Formula: see text] production in CD4+ T cells and reduced inflammatory infiltrates in lupus mice. In addition, CD36-mediated lipid uptake is enhanced in SLE B cells. Accordingly, the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation results in reduced autoreactive B cell responses and ameliorated diseases in lupus mice. Ablation of CD36 in B cells impairs lipid uptake and differentiation of autoreactive B cells during autoimmune induction. Targeting the metabolic pathways that regulate T/B cell activation could modulate the metabolic reprogramming of these lymphocytes, which could have important indications for the therapy of patients with LN.
Hong Kong Guangdong Rheumatology Meeting
Authors: SO Ho
Published: November 2023

The availability of biological or targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs) has revolutionized the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Given the changing landscape of RA management with the ever-expanding armamentarium of advanced therapeutic agents, guidelines are important to provide clinicians with recommendations for decisions frequently faced in clinical practice. To reflect the latest developments in RA research, the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) updated their RA management guidelines in 2021 and 2022, respectively. While the general principles of management are largely similar, there are a few divergent recommendations. Two circumstances of particular attention include the polarized view on systemic glucocorticoid bridging and the position of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in the RA treatment cascade. On the other hand, the EULAR recommendations might appear more directly applicable, whereas the ACR counterpart provides treatment guidance in special at-risk populations. In this presentation, the two latest recommendations from ACR and EULAR will be compared, highlighting the salient differences. The supporting literature will also be discussed, including the latest studies attempting to address the controversies in the management of patients with RA.
Abstract 5 — Prediction of Flare Following Glucocorticoids Withdrawal in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Continuation of csDMARDs: A Real-Life Study
Authors: Xie Wenhui , Zhang Zhuoli
Published: November 2023

Background

In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), glucocorticoids (GC) should be firstly discontinued before considering tapering conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARD) or other biological agents. We aim to determine risk factors for flare after GC withdrawal in RA patients undergoing csDMARDs.

Method

RA patients who discontinued GC with continuation of csDMARD were selected from a longitudinal real-world cohort. Established RA was defined as disease duration over 12 months. Dissatisfied RA control was defined as the proportion of simplified disease activity index (SDAI)-based remission time to total time from GC initiation to discontinuation less than 50%. Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors for flare after GC discontinuation and results were expressed as odds ratio (OR).

Results

There were 115 eligible RA patients discounted GC with continuation of csDMARDs (methotrexate: 80%; hydroxychloroquine: 61%; csDMARDs combination: 79%). Of these, 24 patients experienced flare after GC discontinuation. Compared with relapse-free patients, flare patients were more likely to have established RA (75% vs. 49%, p=0.025), higher median cumulative prednisolone dosages (3.3g vs. 2.2g, p=0.004), and higher proportion of dissatisfied RA control during GC usage (66% vs. 33%, p=0.038). In multivariate analysis, significantly increased flare risk was predicted by established RA (OR 2.93 [1.02-8.43]), cumulative prednisolone dose > 2.5g (OR 3.69 [1.34-10.19]) and dissatisfied RA control (OR 3.00 [1.09-8.30]). Flare risk was increased with increases in number of risk factors, with highest OR of 11.56 in patients with three risk factors (p for trend=0.002).

Conclusions

Flare following GC withdrawal is not common in RA patients with undergoing csDMARDs therapy. Established RA, higher cumulative GC dose and dissatisfied RA control before GC discontinuation are important factors associated with flare after GC withdrawal.
Abstract 6 — Are Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs: for Rheumatoid Arthritis Associated with a Lower Risk of Dementia? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xie Wenhui , Hou Yue , Zhang Zhuoli
Published: November 2023

Background

Dysregulation of several inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in dementia patients has also been identified as a key factor in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to investigate the association of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) therapy for RA with risk of incident dementia.

Methods

Electronic database searches of PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were performed. Observational studies that assessed the association of dementia with DMARDs in RA were included. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as summary statistic. The certainty of evidence using the GRADE system.

Results

Fourteen studies involving 940,442 patients with RA were included. Pooled RR for developing dementia was 0.76 (95%CI 0.72-0.80) in patients taking biological DMARDs overall versus those taking conventional synthetic DMARDs, with 24% for TNF inhibitors (RR 0.76, 95%CI 0.71-0.82), 24% for non-TNF biologics (RR 0.76, 95%CI 0.70-0.83), separately. There was a significant subgroup effect among different types of TNF inhibitors (RR 0.58, 0.65, 0.80 for etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, respectively; P-value between groups=0.002). However, compared with nonusers of DMARDs or investigative treatment, no significant effect on dementia incidence was observed in those receiving conventional synthetic DMARDs overall (RR 0.84, 95%CI 0.59-1.20), methotrexate (RR 0.78, 95%CI 0.54-1.12), hydroxychloroquine (RR 0.95, 95%CI 0.63-1.44), except for sulfasalazine (RR 1.27, 95%CI 1.06-1.50).

Conclusions

Biological DMARDs for RA are associated with decreased dementia risk, while protective effect is not observed in conventional synthetic DMARDs. Controlled clinical trials on TNF inhibitors is necessary to test their neuroprotective potentials.