bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The diversity of plumage coloration and behavioral features of synanthropic blue rock pigeon of urbanized territories
Authors: Polyavina Olga Valentinovna , Lebedeva Marina Aleksandrovna
Published: November 2022

The paper considers the features of the phenotypic structure formation of blue rock pigeons populations on the basis of plumage color on territories with varying degrees of urbanization. The distribution of morphotypes may depend on the number of pigeons in flocks (the density of micropopulation groups), which is determined by migration processes associated with the transformation of the habitat, changes in foraging and other factors. An important role in the phenotypic structure formation of the pigeon population is the development of adaptations to living conditions in the city. The most anthropotolerant and, accordingly, adapted to the conditions of urbanization, are the most numerous morphotypes black and grey, which have developed various adaptation strategies in the process of co-evolution. Representatives of these morphotypes predominantly constitute the sedentary part of pigeon populations in urban areas. Migrants, among whom, apparently, there is a large proportion of aberrant morphotypes or hybrid forms, demonstrate less adaptability to anthropogenic impact and to the conditions of urbanization. The existence of stable polymorphic populations of blue rock pigeons in the urban environment indicates the development of multidirectional behavioral strategies that make it possible to fully use the features of urban landscapes and adapt to humans and numerous anthropogenic disturbance factors. One of the directions of the adaptive population strategy of blue rock pigeons is the development of moderate anthropotolerance, which is possessed by representatives of the most common black-striped phenotype.
Rare lichen species of the Chuvash Republic that need constant monitoring in the natural environment
Authors: Sinichkin Evgeny Arkadievich
Published: November 2022

The paper provides information about 13 rare lichen species of the Chuvash Republic that need constant monitoring in the natural environment (Agonimia allobata, Agonimia flabelliformis, Bryoria simplicior, Bryoria trichodes, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia stellaris, Flavoparmelia soredians, Heteredermia japonica, Inoderma byssaceum, Phaeographis dendritica, Platismatia glauca, Scytinium tenuissimum, Usnea diplotypus). A brief ecological and biological characteristic, occurrence in neighboring regions, limiting factors and measures of protection of these species are indicated for each species. 7 species of lichens are located on the border of the range or beyond (Bryoria simplicior, Bryoria trichodes, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia stellaris, Flavoparmelia soredians, Phaeographis dendritica, Platismacia glauca), 10 species are strictly confined to a certain type of habitat and substrate (Agonimia allobata, Agonimia flabelliformis, Bryoria trichodes, Bryoria simplicior, Flavoparmelia soredians, Heteredermia japonica, Inoderma byssaceum, Phaeographis dendritica, Scytinium tenuissimum, Usnea diplotypus), 7 species are decreasing in number due to a decrease in the area of old-growth forests as a result of logging, trampling and fires (Agonimia allobata, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia stellaris, Heteredermia japonica, Inoderma byssaceum, Platismatia glauca, Usnea diplotypus). Cetraria islandica disappears when the soil cover is disturbed, when collected by the population for medicinal purposes.
The spatial structure of an experimental group of domesticated moose (Alces alces L.)
Authors: Sitnikova Olga Nikolaevna , Zaitsev Vitaliy Anatolevich , Sirotina Marina Valeryevna
Published: November 2022

During the domestication process, it is necessary to take into account the population structure of the wild species. In this paper we analyze a spatial structure of experimental groups of moose in conditions of keeping in pens and forest pastures as well as the allocation of individual species and their groups in ontogenesis driven by the social status of moose. The spatial structure is characterized by the position of individual species and small close-knit groups in relation to each other, by social distances, and by the location of moose habitat in forest pastures. Domesticated moose largely retain the properties of the social and spatial structure of the wild population, which results in an individual-group lifestyle and the formation of distant and close-knit groups. Young moose under one year of age form close-knit associations of significant quantity. Then, by the age of one and a half year, these groups gradually disintegrate, and small cohesive subgroups are formed, which become a part of distant associations characterized by partial synchronization of the behavior of these subgroups. Upon reaching the age of three, domesticated moose mostly exhibit the properties of spatial organization of wild species.
The results of excavations at the Algay site in the steppe Volga region in 2021
Authors: Vybornov Aleksandr Alekseevich , Vasilyeva Irina Nikolaevna , Gilyazov Filat Faritovich , Doga Natalya Sergeevna , Kulkova Marianna Alekseevna , Platonov Vladimir Igorevich , Popov Aleksandr Sergeevich , Roslyakova Natalya Valeryevna , Yudin Aleksandr Ivanovich
Published: November 2022

The excavations of the multilayer site Algay in 2021 confirmed the stratigraphical strata of Neolithic and Eneolithic layers. The cultural layers with artifacts of the Orlovskaya culture are well stratified. The faunistic remains of the Neolithic period are numerous and have different localization. This is also evidence of several stages of occupation of this place by people during Neolithic. There are solely wild species of animals. The stone tools are characterized by homogeneity. The stone tools from the hoard were made with different raw sources but they are the same types. There are scratchers of several types, perforators, and geometric microliths (trapeziums with planed backs). According to their typologies these stone tools are the same as the tools from layers 2B and 2A of the Varfolomeevka site. The ceramics was made from fat clay rich of organics and tempered by crushed shells. The lipid analysis of charred food crusts in the pottery showed that they were used for the animal and plant cooking. The pottery decoration is typical for the vessels of the Orlovskaya culture with some differences in comparison to the pottery from the Vorfolomeevka site. Four points made of bones are also found. The stone tools of the Cis-Caspian culture were made of other type of quartzite unlike to the Neolithic ones. The technique of an enhanced push-up was applied for the stone tools in comparison to the Neolithic period. The radiocarbon dates confirmed the chronological framework of developed and later stages of the Orlovskaya culture from 6800 to 6100 BP.
Boulder cenotaphs of Eastern Fennoscandia: the question of one kind of the orthodox funeral rite in the late middle ages
Authors: Shakhnovich Mark Mikhailovich
Published: November 2022

The paper is devoted to the little-studied funeral practice of the Orthodox communities of the White Sea region and Russian Lapland in the absence of a body. The research was based on the results of the authors work in the last two decades. On the island of Kildin in the Barents Sea, on Lake Sredne Kuito in North Karelia and on a small forest lake near the town of Kovdor three original, similar monuments groups of stone structures of unknown purpose have been recorded. The originality and controversiality of these objects requires their systematic study, introduction into scientific circulation and interpretation. Archaeologists, as a rule, carry out only a primary fixation of objects, but excavations do not always allow to determine clearly the purpose of stone piles. Based on the experience of working with such facilities in Karelia and on the Kola Peninsula, it can be argued that they were not intended for economic purposes. A number of common features make it possible to attribute these structures to a group of monuments associated with the Orthodox funeral tradition. This is the orientation of the stone constructions west east, the general location beyond the water, on the periphery of cemeteries, visual similarity with grave mounds of earth or wooden houses of the dead. Presumably they were ground cenotaphs for the drowned a house for the soul in the absence of a body. The spread of the tradition of their creation can be limited to the area of culture of the Russians and Karelians of the Pomerania of the European North. They are tentatively dated to the period of the Late Middle Ages Modern Times and are considered as part of the Orthodox culture of the population of Eastern Fennoscandia. Understanding the idea of these objects is impossible without information on the ethnography of Slavic and Finno-Ugric ethnic groups about the division of the dead into those who died a natural or unnatural death.
Residences of Samara governors in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries
Authors: Kabytov Petr Serafimovich , Tyurin Vadim Aleksandrovich
Published: November 2022

The paper deals with the problem of the location of governors residences (service apartments) in the urban space of Samara in the second half of the 19th early 20th centuries. It shows the characteristics of the placement of the provincial government and the governors office. The paper analyzes the location of the authorities, their interior and furnishings, describes the repair and construction of these buildings. The authors of the paper consider in detail the traditional for the Samara provincial authorities hire of the governors residences from private owners. They also show the reasons and circumstances for the change of the governors apartment and the location of the provincial government and the governor's office. This study has led to the conclusion that the intensive process of socio-economic development of the Samara province in the late 19th early 20th centuries was reflected in the formation of a new administrative and cultural center of the provincial capital. A logical continuation of this process was the construction by the government of the spacious Governors House, one of the most luxurious and technically equipped buildings in Samara at the beginning of the 20th century, where the governors apartment and office premises of the provincial authorities were comfortably located. In addition, the paper examines the personal attitude of the Samara governors to the issues of the location of the provincial government and the governors office.
F.F. Martens’s views on the practice of appointments and personnel decisions in the sphere of Foreign Policy of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century
Authors: Chernov Oleg Aleksandrovich
Published: November 2022

Fedor Fedorovich Martens is a widely recognized international lawyer who organized and conducted a number of international conferences, the author of studies in the field of international law, a high-ranking employee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire. The activity of F.F. Martens was devoted to a fairly extensive research literature. Historians assess his personal qualities differently, but agree on the diplomatic and legal practice of F.F. Martens. The value of the diaries of F.F. Martens lies in the fact that they contain assessments of the activities of Russian and foreign diplomats, other statesmen and the organization of foreign policy of the Russian Empire as a whole. The analysis of the diary entries of F.F. Martens allows us to identify his personal position, which sometimes differed markedly from what he wrote in official documents reflecting the formal business side of the issue. This makes it possible to introduce significant elements in understanding how the practice of appointments and personnel decisions in the sphere of Russias foreign policy was formed. F.F. Martens criticized the principles on which the practice of appointments and personnel decisions in the sphere of Russias foreign policy was based, noting the phenomena that hindered a successful implementation of the foreign policy of the Russian Empire.
The main forms and areas of excursion work in Soviet Russia in 1917-1935
Authors: Sidorchuk Ilya Viktorovich
Published: November 2022

The paper is devoted to the history of the development of excursion activities in the early Soviet period, when its development was characterized by both the intensification of the study of the theory and practice of organizing excursions, the growth of social demand, and the close attention of the authorities, who stimulated work in this field. Based on the analysis of materials from archival and published sources, the main types and directions of excursions are described. In particular, the characteristic features are shown and examples of historical, industrial, suburban, etc. of their types are given. As a result of the research, it is shown that in the era under consideration, excursions were one of the integral components of cultural and rational leisure in the understanding of the authorities, which explains their prevalence and the intensity of work on their arrangement. With the help of excursions, it was necessary to solve a whole range of tasks, starting from the transfer of technical or medical knowledge and ending with physical recovery. At the same time, the state consistently sought to control excursion work: recreation, entertainment and even raising the educational and cultural level were only one of its components, and they were rather an addition, without which it would be more difficult to realize the potential of excursions as a means of political and propaganda work.
Cultural and educational work in the Red Army in the 1920s – June 1941: the late Soviet historiography of the problem (a brief historiographical review)
Authors: Tribunsky Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: November 2022

The researcher has revealed late Soviet historiography of the problem of cultural and educational work in the Workers and Peasants Red Army (Red Army) in the 1920s June 1941. Such a scientific task is solved in the format of a brief historiographical review. In this case, the late Soviet historiography refers to an array of Soviet historiographical sources published in the second half of the 1980s 1991, that is, during the so-called Gorbachevs perestroika. The author of this brief historiographical review proceeded from the fact that in the conditional historiographical period, the chronological framework of which is indicated above, a certain number of historiographical sources devoted to the history of the Red Army in the 1920s June 1941 appeared. They reflected, among other things, many aspects of cultural and educational work in the Red Army, which was an integral part of party-political work (moreover, with a relative degree of independence) that became, without a doubt, a unique phenomenon in Soviet military construction and construction of the Armed Forces of the young Soviet state. The authors selected, first of all, a set of historiographical sources having both direct and indirect relation to the topic of cultural and educational work in the Red Army in the 1920s June 1941. While working with them, the peculiar historical situation that developed in the USSR during Gorbachevs perestroika was taken into account. Then the general vector of historical development was built the movement towards the collapse of the USSR. And this circumstance left an indelible imprint on all historiographical sources, which reflect (to one degree or another) the problem being subjected to a brief historiographical review. Such historiographical sources today require comprehension and rethinking from the standpoint of new theoretical and methodological approaches that have established themselves in modern Russian historical science.
The policy of confessional particularism of the French authorities in Mandatory Syria in 1920–1946
Authors: Tovsultanov Rustam Alkhazurovich , Tovsultanova Malika Sharipovna , Galimova Lilia Nadipovna
Published: November 2022

The paper discusses the confessional principles of the territorial structure of Syria during its stay in the status of a French mandated territory. The authors prefaced their analysis with a description of the process of establishing a French colonial administration in Syria, in particular, the conclusion of the Anglo-French Sykes-Picot agreement on the division of the Middle East and, in particular, Greater Syria, into spheres of influence that determined the modern borders of the Middle Eastern states. The instrumental role of confessional differences in the struggle of the French authorities in Syria with the popular idea of pan-Arabism in the region is shown. Predominantly according to the confessional principle, the territory of Syria was fragmented by the French into 5 regions-states, which, firstly, determined the subsequent loss of control by Damascus over Lebanon and the Alexandretta Sanjak, and secondly, laid the foundation for the emergence of separatist tendencies and future domestic instability. However, as the authors of the paper show in the short term, the policy of the French imperialists failed. Paris failed to use Christians to put down the Druze and Sunni uprisings. However, after the French left the territory of Syria, there was a conflict between large ethno-confessional groups (Sunnis, Alawites and Druzes), the consequences of which were especially sharply exposed already in the 2010s.
The organization of supply and working conditions of the first prospectors of Baikal-Amur Mainline (1932–1933)
Authors: Soldatova Olga Nikolaevna
Published: November 2022

The paper deals with the issues of supply and working conditions of the first prospectors of the large-scale construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline, the survey of the route of which began after the decisions of the USSR Council of Peoples Commissars in 1932. On the basis of the study of the documents stored in the Russian State Archive in Samara, the author shows the problems that the survey expeditions had to face in the process of performing the work misunderstanding of the specifics of field parties work on the part of the bodies involved in supplying expeditions, the lack of sufficient personnel, poor nutrition, insufficient water transport, horses and deer, guides seriously complicated the execution of the work in the designated time. In terms of its scope, the surveys of the Baikal-Amur Mainline route surpassed all the surveys previously carried out in the USSR. In the presence of technical difficulties and the absence of cartographic material, poor supply of food, equipment, clothing and footwear, in conditions of impassable taiga and mountainous terrain, difficult climatic conditions, the prospectors were able to cope with the task assigned to them. The analysis of archival documents showed that despite the difficulties encountered by the prospectors, by the end of 1933 they had presented the main material for the design of the railway route from Taishet to Sovetskaya Gavan.
The feat of the home front workers of the «Alaska - Siberia» ferry route
Authors: Ivanchenko Vera Nikolaevna
Published: November 2022

During the Great Patriotic War, the entire Soviet people stood up to defend their homeland. All the resources of the country were mobilized to repulse the enemy. The paper is devoted to home front workers who during the Great Patriotic War carried out an important task of the State Defense Committee to arrange the supply of combat aircraft under lend-lease from the United States to the Soviet Union along a shorter route through Alaska, Chukotka, Eastern Siberia to Krasnoyarsk and further to the front, where fighters and bombers were needed, which the Red Army badly needed, especially in the initial period of the war. In harsh climatic and natural conditions, inaccessible deserted areas, where delivery of equipment and building materials was difficult, aviation specialists and local residents managed to build airfields in a short time, the construction of which would have taken 5 years in peaceful time. The pilots of the Alaska-Siberia ferry route, showing courage and heroism, made flights in extreme conditions, mastered new equipment and eliminated malfunctions of American aircraft, poorly adapted to work in low temperatures. The flight crew, aviation specialists and local residents did everything to help the front and defeat fascism.
Dynamics of success: the development of the Tatar ASSR industry in the middle of the 1960s-1970s
Authors: Gapsalamov Almaz Rafisovich , Vasilev Vladimir Lvovich , Bochkareva Tatyana Nikolaevna , Akhmetshin Elvir Munirovich
Published: November 2022

The collapse of the Soviet Union, the destruction of intra- and intersectoral ties between the former Soviet republics, and the unsuccessful market transformations that followed, supplemented by political and social problems, could not produce an explosive positive effect on the development of the new statehood. Crises became an integral part of the economy of the Russian Federation, which did not take long to affect the social sphere of society. It was necessary to search for mechanisms capable of changing the situation and accelerating economic processes. Relying only on the experience of leading foreign states, as practice showed, did not always lead to a positive result. The reasons for this lie in the combination of political, economic, cultural characteristics of countries that are not like Russia. Undoubtedly, it is worth trying to use this experience, but at the same time applying the achievements of domestic theory and management practice. In this regard, in the presented study, on the example of a separate republic, an analysis of the development of the Soviet economy in the middle of the 1960s1970s is carried out, the features of the success and at the same time the crisis of the Soviet industry are shown. Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the period under review was able to achieve a powerful upswing in industry. Success was built primarily on the oil and petrochemical industries, which was explained by the demand for the products of these industries in the domestic and foreign markets. However, only the focus on data, traditional industries, in the conditions of late industrialism, became the anchor of further development. Central and local leadership failed to capture these trends.
The French experience in colonial counterinsurgency: transfer of practices and ideas
Authors: Lyozin Aleksandr Ivanovich
Published: November 2022

The paper describes the main stages and aspects of the development of the French theory and practice of anti-insurgency in the 20th early 21st centuries. It is shown that the systematization of the colonial experience of fighting insurgents in France originates in the 19th century. The starting date for the military thought of France in this sense is considered to be 1830, the beginning of the conquest of Algeria. The development of colonial counterinsurgency reached a new level at the end of the 19th century, when the concept of the oil spot appeared, based on the works of Joseph Simon Gallieni and Hubert Lyautey. Its main provisions are also disclosed in this paper. After the trauma of 1940, the loss of Indochina and the French war in Algeria, a new concept emerged that responded to the challenges of the Cold War the concept of revolutionary war, created by the French military after the defeat in the First Indochina War of 19461954 Charles Lacheroy, Roger Trinquier and David Galula. The latter had a noticeable impact on the US counterinsurgency strategy already at the beginning of the 21st century. The era of the global War on Terror prompted US allies and their NATO allies to actively study the problems of colonial counterinsurgency.
The history of the Orenburg encyclopedia project (based on materials from T.L. Bolshakova’s family archive)
Authors: Lyubichankovskiy Sergey Valentinovich
Published: November 2022

The paper analyzes the history of the unrealized project of the Orenburg encyclopedia, which could become an example of the first regional encyclopedia creation in the history of modern Russia. However, this project faced unforeseen organizational difficulties, contradictions of a subjective nature, and as a result was reformatted into several narrowly thematic regional encyclopedic publications. The author shows main stages and directions of the work of the authors on this project, identifies fundamental approaches to the encyclopedia and its structure, which were followed by the authors and well-known regional scientists of the Orenburg Region. The paper is based on the materials of the family archive of T.L. Bolshakova. One of them is a personal diary of Leonid Naumovich Bolshakov, the head of the team of authors who worked on the encyclopedia project. This unique source made it possible to see the emotional component of the work on this project, the internal mechanisms of its development, to trace the ambiguous role of historians and representatives of the government of the Orenburg Region in the encyclopedia creation as well as in the reasons for this project failure. It is noted that the Orenburg encyclopedia could become the first project of this kind in Russia, if there werent any objective and subjective difficulties that arose while working on it.
Methods of fortune telling and predictions in Bashkir folklore
Authors: Gaisina Fanira Faskhetdinovna
Published: November 2022

The paper is the first to describe and classify fortune telling and predictions in the Bashkir folk art by various methods. This phenomenon has been preserved in the Bashkir culture since mythological times up to the present day, mainly in oral form. The methods are divided by the author into general and personal, into pre-Islamic (related to nature, natural phenomena, objects) and Islamic, appeals to the saints saturated with different symbols. The work mainly is based on the 19982018 years expedition materials of the author. The paper shows the reflection of the methods of fortune-telling and predictions in different genres of Bashkir folklore (in the calendar rite Cuckoo Tea, in medicine, in the game genre, etc.). Islamic methods of fortune-telling and predictions are singled out separately as well as meteorological signs, as a way of predictions, and beliefs related to human anthropology. The peculiarity of the paper is that some methods of divination were recorded and described for the first time. The work is intended for ethnographers, folklorists and local historians.
The analysis of the demand for scientific and methodological support for the organization of students’ project and research activities
Authors: Andreeva Natalia Dmitrievna , Malinovskaya Natalia Vladimirovna
Published: November 2022

The paper presents the results of a large-scale study of the current state of the problem of students project and research activities organization in Russian schools and institutions of additional education for children. About twenty thousand teachers and administrative and managerial workers from 67 regions of Russia took part in this study. It was carried out on the basis of the Federal Center for Scientific and Methodological Support of Teaching Staff at Herzen State Pedagogical University. The content of the paper examines the demand for different types of scientific and methodological support of subject teachers in the implementation of students project research activities, the degree of modern teachers awareness and mastery of project learning technologies, including evaluation of the quality of projects and research. The paper deals with the problems related to the organization of project and research work in classes with in-depth study of subjects as well as the organization of independent activity of students at all stages of projects and research. Special attention is paid to the analysis of problems and difficulties arising during the implementation of educational projects and research, which are differentiated, based on the content, into 3 groups (methodological, organizational-methodical and methodical, resource-informational nature). In this regard, possible ways of solving them are proposed at the level of schools and centers of scientific and methodological support of teaching staff.
Educating a virtuous student as a multifaceted process
Authors: Bezdukhov Vladimir Petrovich
Published: November 2022

The relevance of the topic of the paper is motivated by the importance of finding ways to preserve the highest moral values in the minds of the younger generation, and the development of moral feelings. The paper argues that one of the possible ways to preserve traditional values is education of a virtuous person. The author motivates the social relevance of educating such a person by the fact that a virtuous way of life, the persons virtues are not innate. It is shown that a virtuous person is a moral person who cares about his spiritual qualities, or virtues, the essence of which is the ability to feel ashamed. The author points out that the development of the concept of virtue is carried out mainly by ethics that this concept is interpreted ambiguously and is not identical to the concept of moral quality used in pedagogical research on education. Various interpretations reflect the complex nature of the phenomenon and, accordingly, suggest the multifaceted nature of the process of educating a virtuous student. Each meaning of the concept of virtue corresponds to a specific area of the teachers activity in educating a virtuous student: a) improvement of moral qualities (virtue in the sense of moral quality); b) improvement of value orientations (virtue in the sense of value); c) raising moral awareness (virtue in the sense of the concept of moral awareness, the concept of morality); d) raising ethical awareness of young students (virtue in the sense of the category of ethical awareness, the category of ethics). The integrity of the teachers activity in educating a virtuous student as a multifaceted process is due to the dominance of the value approach: the sense of value has a moral quality, the category of ethics and the concept of morality, and the students focus on values forms his/her value orientations.
A systematic approach to the multi-level career guidance «kindergarten - school - university»
Authors: Berkutova Diana Iskanderovna , Gromova Ekaterina Mikhailovna , Gorshkova Tatyana Anatolyevna
Published: November 2022

One of the most important problems of modern society in general and of each individual person in particular is the problem of professional self-determination. Currently, the labor market is characterized by rather high requirements for potential workers. At the same time, job seekers are constantly faced with numerous problems: these are ongoing changes in market conditions; and fierce competition for vacant jobs, the number of which is constantly decreasing in the context of digitalization of all spheres of society; and the emergence of new digital professions professions of the future, in which labor maintenance requires special skills; and the exponentially accelerating obsolescence of professional competencies due to rapidly changing technologies and the ongoing scientific and technical revolution, etc. At the same time, professional self-determination is characterized by the dynamic process of finding oneself in the profession, which manifests itself, among other things, in entering the phase of option more than once in a lifetime due to various circumstances. In this regard, the problem of organizing an early multi-level comprehensive career guidance work with the younger generation, which would ensure successful professional self-determination of the individual, becomes urgent. The paper presents the authors view on the organization of the system of career guidance work, as well as the results of diagnostics of students of university classes of the Ulyanovsk State University of Education according to the method of J. Holland using digital career guidance services.
The Christian meaning of the individuality principle in V.V. Zenkovsky’s education concept
Authors: Bliznetsova Yuliya Sergeevna
Published: November 2022

By means of hermeneutical analysis a Christian content of the individuality principle has been identified in V.V. Zenkovskys education concept, its priority meaning is justified, factors of individuality development are determined, tasks of school education are formulated. According to the Christian teaching about the Image Divine in a person, the thinker interprets individuality as the main core in a person, rooted in his spiritual beginning. The holistic unity of a persons mental life as well as his individual characteristics are determined by individuality. The scientist connects pedagogical opportunities for the development of individuality with religious education. Churching, free aspiration to God, creative assimilation of the universal content of culture, social activity of personality are the main factors of development of the childs individuality. These factors are directly related to the tasks of school education: creating an atmosphere of love and sincere respect for the child; development of the emotional sphere of the childs personality and social responsiveness formation; supporting of the child in the search for an individual trajectory of his development, creating an Orthodox cultural environment for education. The thinkers interpretation of the individuality principle shows his intention to restore the integrity of the individual by building a system of holistic pedagogy based on the principles of Orthodoxy.
Teaching speaking a second foreign language to students majoring in linguistics
Authors: Doskovskaya Mariya Sergeevna , Oparina Kseniya Sergeevna
Published: November 2022

The paper deals with the problem of teaching speaking a second foreign language. The emphasis is put on the fact that two foreign languages are studied in many liberal fields of education, including linguistics. However, observations show that students proficiency in a second foreign language is zero or significantly lower than in the first one. In the theoretical part of the paper the authors consider the development of foreign language speaking skills in the context of communicative activity approach. This approach implies that the main goal of foreign language learning is the mastery of all kinds of language activities (reading, listening, writing, and speaking). At the same time the development of lexical, grammatical, phonetic and other skills facilitate. The main phases of the speaking process are listed and the close interaction between speaking and listening is highlighted. The practical part of the paper is devoted to describing exercises to develop the skills of preparing a dialogue on the topic under study. At the first stage of training the authors suggest practicing individual situations in the form of micro-dialogs. At the second stage, students perform an audio script and then memorize the resulting text. The final stage of preparation is the reproduction of the whole dialogue using speech supports.
Conditions for successful development of the mathematical component of the professional competence of students majoring in technical areas
Authors: Evelina Lyubov Nikolaevna , Balabaeva Natalia Petrovna , Enbom Ekaterina Aleksandrovna
Published: November 2022

Successful training of prospective communications engineers at a technical university requires strengthening the mathematical component of the developing professional competencies. The readiness to master such competencies begins long before entering a university and requires Math teachers at school and university to pay attention to all aspects of the problem, namely: initial mathematical training is the main foundation for the formation of a communications engineer, the level of school mathematical education should meet the requirements of the profession, only provided that the necessary level of basic mathematical training is formed, one can be sure of the quality of mastering professional competencies, first in the process of studying at the university, and then directly while performing work duties. The attention of the authors of the paper is focused on the joint actions of school and university teachers in this direction. In addition, the teaching of mathematics at the university also needs to explicitly highlight the existing connections in the mathematical content and methods of mastering it through the conscious application of various methodological techniques, in other words, the professional orientation of the mathematical training of communications engineers in the process of studying all sections of mathematics at the university is necessary. The paper proposes specific steps to solve this problem on the example of teaching mathematical courses to undergraduate students majoring in 11.03.02 Infocommunication technologies and communication systems at Povolzhsky State University of Telecommunications and Informatics.
The problem of the development of prospective teachers’ competence to create a social space of preschool children’s relationships
Authors: Krakovskaya Marina Sergeevna
Published: November 2022

Constant socio-economic and political transformations in the Russian Federation are reflected in all spheres of human society. Within the framework of universal competition, the main resource and value is qualified labor, which is based on advanced scientific knowledge, concepts and achievements. Recently, the designated problem has received increased attention from both the state education system and employers, which is why this work is relevant. The question of high-quality training of specialists with the declared competence becomes significant. The paper discusses theoretical approaches to the problem of the development of the competence in question, assesses its current state and determines the role of this phenomenon in the life of a modern person. Today, the socio-communicative direction of the development of children in general, and the construction of the social space of preschool childrens relationships in particular, is a priority area of activity of the preschool educational institution, requiring special knowledge, skills and abilities from the teacher. The end result of the activity of any higher educational institution is the professional training of a professionally competent graduate who is able to adapt to constantly changing socio-economic conditions. The problem of the development of the competence under study in the educational environment of the university is relevant in the situation of education reform. The way to solve this problem is seen in the improvement of the educational process, which is based on the professional training of prospective teachers, taking into account the requirements of educational standards.
Cognitive universal educational actions as a factor of academic success of subject content mastering by students
Authors: Kutuzova Olga Borisovna , Sorokina Irina Vladimirovna
Published: November 2022

The paper is devoted to the problem of universal educational actions development among students of a general education organization. Special attention is paid to the need for cognitive learning activities development. Their role in the educational process when students master the subject content is determined. The paper presents the results of the study conducted by specialists of the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of the Institute of Educational Development in the Samara Region. The purpose of the study is to identify and evaluate the current state of meta-subject results development among students of grades 58 of general education organizations in the Samara Region, demonstrated in the All-Russian test papers on Russian language and Mathematics in 2020, 2021. The study revealed the most problematic cognitive meta-subject results, the development of which is recommended to focus on in primary school. The results of the study have convincingly demonstrated that it is the low level of cognitive meta-subject actions in the majority of students that is an obstacle to their full development of any subject content. The meta-subject deficits of students allowed us to draw a conclusion about the actual professional deficits of teachers. The results of the study will be useful to teachers of general education, students of pedagogical universities and all those who are interested in improving the quality of general education.
The use of modern educational technologies in the process of a teacher of foreign languages practical training
Authors: Lazutova Lyudmila Andreevna , Piskunova Svetlana Ivanovna , Yankina Oksana Evgenyevna
Published: November 2022

The paper is devoted to the study of issues related to the teachers of foreign languages practical training for their future professional activities in the conditions of education transformation. The idea that modern society needs a specialist, who is rapidly responding to the challenges of the time, capable of self-development and self-organization, is observed in the paper. The research objectives are to determine didactic possibilities of interactive techniques in the process of teachers of foreign language training, to identify a potential of online courses for creating educational materials, to analyze the most effective digital tools as a means of developing foreign language communication skills of a prospective teacher as a competent specialist. As a result of theoretical study of the problem and analysis of domestic and foreign scientists experience, the advantages of interactive techniques in the course of foreign languages teaching have been found. The paper observes the advantages of the described work organization using the Jigsaw interactive techniques. The examples of tasks for communication-oriented reading and students lexical and grammatical skills development are presented in the research. Special attention is paid to the practical use of digital techniques based on the designers Questionstar, Myquiz, Padlet, Wordwall, LearningApps, Wizer.me, Master-test.net, Edvibe etc. for professional experience gaining in the educational activities design and implementation. The functionality of these digital tools provides students critical thinking development, learning motivation management, readiness to master the capabilities of various services and platforms. The conducted research allows us to conclude that the active use of modern educational techniques and digital services in the practical training of prospective teachers of a foreign language creates new opportunities for solving various problems, serves as an effective tool for making the students ready for professional activities.
The transformation of personality-oriented pedagogy ideas in socialist education in the first third of the 20th century
Authors: Litvin Dmitry Vladimirovich
Published: November 2022

On the basis of historical documents, pedagogical writings of the 19th early 20th centuries and modern works, the paper reveals features of the development of ideas of personality free development in Russian pedagogy in the first third of the 20th century. Their significance for the modern theory and practice of personality-oriented education is assessed. It is determined that by the beginning of the 20th century education had become a strategically important phenomenon, the idea of personality as a value for society was becoming widespread. Schools of pedagogy of individuality were being formed. The content of personality-developing pedagogical systems had been heterogeneous by 19171918, they were influenced by various theories in the context of the relationship between the individual and society. Since the 1920s, pedagogical activity acquired sociocentric contours associated with the upbringing of the socialist type of personality. State educational authorities carefully, but firmly and consistently eliminated religious and other pedagogical influences that did not fit into the established format and ideal of the moral character of a Soviet citizen. At the same time, in socialist education, within certain limits, there was continuity between the ideas of free development and environmental education of the 1920s. The study shows that with unlimited resources in creating a controlled and ideological educational environment, outstanding results can be achieved. However, such results will be ambiguous: blocking personal development, encouraging a programmed influence on a person deprives him of a self-forming beginning, freedom, and ultimately responsibility.
Civil identity formation and digital technologies in the educational process of teachers’ training (experimental model)
Authors: Malkin Stanislav Gennadyevich
Published: November 2022

Abstract.

The paper is devoted to the role of digital technologies in the formation of Russian civil identity in the educational process. The focus of the presented research is on the main parameters of the experimental model of updating the work programs of History courses at specialized (History) faculties, taking into account the capabilities of end-to-end digital technologies and digital tools in the training of pedagogical staff. At the same time, the pedagogical experiment of this kind is considered as a necessary integration of humanitarian and digital technologies in order to bring the countrys educational policy to a common meaningful and value denominator within the framework of Russian civil identity formation. Particular emphasis in this paper is placed on the importance of the teachers professional training for the implementation of tasks in the field of state educational policy in the modern information space. In this regard, close attention is paid to the close relationship between historical politics and historical education, on the one hand, and humanitarian and digital technologies, on the other hand, in terms of targeted (re) formatting of Russian civil identity in the educational process. In addition, methodological and organizational restrictions on the use of digital technologies are outlined, which have a noticeable impact on civil identity formation within the framework of historical education at the stage of teachers training.
Text tasks in mathematics as a means of financial literacy improvement in primary school
Authors: Pakhomova Tatyana Sergeevna
Published: November 2022

The modern educational process, the purpose of which is high learning efficiency, requires new methodological approaches to acquire deep mathematical knowledge. Mathematical education contributes to the development of the basic types of students thinking. An urgent methodological issue is learning to solve text problems in mathematics, since this section causes difficulties for a large percentage of students in grades 59. In this paper, the value of learning to solve text problems is considered on the example of questions of financial mathematics. To date, the issues of financial literacy are included in the content of an exemplary program in mathematics, examination papers, and are also necessary for the successful development of the students personality. The paper analyzes the methodology for teaching the solution of text problems of a financial plot on the example of conducting a series of business games in the classroom. The approbation of the results of the study was carried out on the basis of Municipal Autonomous Educational Institution Lyceum № 5 in Orenburg. It showed that the solution of plot text problems has a positive effect on expanding the general outlook of students. The methodology for conducting business games increases students activity in solving problems, increases the effectiveness of learning as well as expands the prospects for pedagogical activity.