bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pedagogia Universitária: Desafio da Entrada na Carreira Docente
Authors: Isaia Silvia Maria De Aguiar , Maciel Adriana Moreira da Rocha , Bolzan Doris Pires Vargas
Published: June 2015

O texto decorre de pesquisa sobre movimentos construtivos da docência superior, com quarenta professores de duas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), pública e privada. Neste recorte, o objetivo é compreender quais marcadores definem a entrada na carreira docente, apreendidos em investigação narrativa, a partir de autorreconstruções biográficas e entrevistas,  analisadas em uma perspectiva textual discursiva. Na compreensão deste movimento consideramos alguns fatores: a inserção na docência superior demarca a transição de profissionais em formação para professores autônomos – condição a ser construída no enfrentamento das condições sociais e institucionais; os sentimentos docentes são dinamizadores da atividade educativa e condicionam a atitude valorativa perante o mundo pessoal e profissional e a configuração de uma ambiência docente positiva; a resiliência perante as exigências da nova profissão, as condições oferecidas pelo ambiente universitário e ao modo de enfrentamento das dificuldades enfrentadas pelo professor ingressante. Esses fatores se intensificam, principalmente, quando não existe uma acolhida e um programa de inserção de novos docentes, capaz de fortalecê-los diante de situações inéditas que estão enfrentando, propiciando a superação de aspectos limitadores em si mesmo e no ambiente universitário.Palavras-chave: movimentos construtivos da docência universitária, entrada na carreira docente, professores ingressantes, inserção na profissão docente, Educação Superior.
Paradoxos da autoridade e educação
Authors: Dogliotti Paola
Published: June 2015

Este trabalho desenvolve uma série de reflexões teóricas sobre o conceito de colocar a autoridade em relação às mudanças que têm ocorrido nas sociedades contemporâneas. Especialmente aborda algumas tensões paradoxal que atravessa vários discursos de autoridade a partir de cenas comuns que estão instalados em uma base recorrente em espaços educativos. Ele argumenta que, longe de ser actualmente uma perda de autoridade, há mudanças nos modos de seu produto do exercício de mudanças nos modos de construção da subjetividade. De uma perspectiva teórica estruturalmente aberto, com afetação da psicanálise lacaniana, entende-se que a autoridade é em si um estado que ultrapassa a obediência que vai além da capacidade do sujeito de cumprir um conjunto de regras que emanam de certos circunstâncias sociais e históricas. Modos contemporâneos de exercício da autoridade não pode mais confiar em ambos regulação externa era típico da disciplina, mas em um apelo à auto-regulação e autonomia no que se respira uma atmosfera de maior liberdade, mas poderíamos falar de uma ou seudolibertad ficção menos restrições.
Pedagogia universitária e formação docente: em foco o programa Ciclus
Authors: Vasconcellos Vanessa Alves da Silveira de , Oliveira Valeska Maria Fortes de
Published: June 2015

A formação do professor é um processo contínuo que ocorre de maneira singular para cada docente, possuindo uma forma de acordo com as experiências que este vivencia. Cada docente é responsável por sua formação que através de experiências, tanto profissionais como pessoais, mobilizam saberes e fazeres que configuram sua prática educativa. É nesta perspectiva que é apresentado este trabalho que origina-se de uma pesquisa desenvolvida a partir de um convênio entre Brasil e Portugal, sobre a formação de professores atuantes no ensino superior, tendo como objetivo o conhecimento das significações dos professores universitários em relação ao seu papel docente e seu processo formativo. Essa pesquisa de cunho qualitativo se baseia na abordagem teórico- metodológica História de Vida, enfocando a trajetória profissional e os processos formativos dos docentes que estão fazendo parte do Programa CICLUS da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Essa investigação/formação vem produzindo através da compreensão da experiência instituída de formação dos professores iniciantes na carreira universitária, resultados sobre os processos de ensino aprendizagem na docência no ensino superior através de seus participantes oriundos de diferentes áreas de conhecimento.
Editorial – Revista Educação
Authors: Tomazetti Elisete Medianeira , Bellochio Cláudia Ribeiro
Published: June 2015

Editorial
PERCEPÇÃO DOS ACADÊMICOS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA EM RELAÇÃO À FORMAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL PARA ATUAÇÃO JUNTO À ALUNOS COM DEFICIÊNCIA
Authors: Schmitt Jessica Aline , Frank Robson , Borella Douglas Roberto , Harnisch Gabriela Simone , Storch Jalusa Andréia
Published: June 2015

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a percepção dos acadêmicos de EducaçãoFísica em relação a sua formação para atuação junto de alunos com deficiência. Esteestudo caracteriza-se como pesquisa de campo descritiva, de método misto. Participaram30 acadêmicos de cinco cursos de Educação Física. Como instrumento de coleta foiutilizado um questionário elaborado pelos pesquisadores e composto de questões abertase fechadas. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que as universidades ainda precisamrever seus preceitos (disciplinas, eventos, projetos de pesquisa e extensão) para que osfuturos profissionais possam ter maiores experiências e vivências com esta população.
SEM TEMPO PARA BRINCAR: AS CRIANÇAS, OS ADULTOS E A TIRANIA DOS RELÓGIOS
Authors: Kuhn Roselaine , Cunha António Camilo , Costa Andrize Ramires
Published: June 2015

Qual é o tempo destinado às brincadeiras das crianças na escola? Faz sentido ter “horacerta” para brincar? De um lado temos o tempo cronometrado, medido, regulado pelaopressão dos relógios dos adultos,concebido pela objetividade dos números, doscalendários, horários e rotinas, representante do mundo pensado (racionalizado). Deoutro, o tempo sentido e percebido pelas crianças, a subjetividade, a experiência e oacontecimento, representantes do mundo vivido (fenomenológico). Adiscussãodemarcaas consequências devastadoras no brincar das crianças quefrequentam escolas que aspiram ser produtivas através do culto à velocidade,desrespeitando as singularidades da corporeidade e da dimensão lúdica.
Demographic and Anthropometric Variables Related to Longevity: Results from a Greek Centenarians’ Study
Authors: Christina Darviri  , Panagiotis Pelekasis  , Michael Galanakis  , Xanthi Tigani
Published: June 2015

Centenarian research contributes to expanding our knowledge on longevity and healthy aging. In Greece, a variety of studies have been conducted in order to explore exceptional longevity. This is a retrospective study of 106 centenarians employing both quantitative and qualitative measures in order to explore centenarians own perspective on longevity. Basic socio demographic and life style variables where associated with centenarians beliefs and perceptions about their longevity. The majority of centenarians attributed their longevity to God and to living a good life overall. God and social networks were reported as their main source of strength in order to continue living. Gender differences were also evident as male centenarians reported non abusive behaviors and a sense of having a measure in daily living, as well as nutrition as their main source of longevity, while female emphasized on God and social networks. Gender differences on Body Mass Index and Smoking are also evident. Centenarians own perception of longevity could be further explored and findings could be incorporated in future research and intervention programs aiming at healthy longevity.
The Influence of Solvent on Complex Formation of Crown Ether with Tetraphenylphosphonium Chloride
Authors: Tripathi Atri Deo
Published: June 2015

The host guest interactions of crown ether (18-C-6) with tetraphenylphosphonium chloride (TPPC) were studied in different solvents at 303.15 K. The values of reaction enthalpies, ΔH0, and equilibrium constant, K, have been calculated and the results show that solvation of tetraphenylphosphonium ion (Ph4P+) is not very important. Because the cavity of the 18-C-6 is too small to completely accommodate large Ph4P+ ion. Thus, the interactions between the cation and the oxygen donor atoms of the ligand decrease, the large cation is surrounded by large organic moieties which interact more strongly with the organic environment and therefore it will not have tendency to form complex in non-aqueous solvents.
Simulative Comparison between Electric and Thermal Powertrains on Different Real Road Missions
Authors: Damiani Lorenzo , Dellachà Jacopo , Repetto Matteo , Prato Alessandro Pini
Published: June 2015

Pure electric mobility is still struggling to emerge in the present road vehicles scenario. This is mostly due to costs, nowadays still very high, and to battery range, which is intrinsically very limited with respect to the fuel tank of a traditional vehicle.To be effectively competitive, e-mobility should not be thought as the mere substitution of the thermal powertrain with the electric one on the same vehicle; instead, a holistic approach comprehensive of the integration of a charging network within the territory should be adopted. The vehicles should be tailored on the missions to be accomplished promoting the lightness, simplicity and low cost, and should be integrated within a charging infrastructure and a car-sharing system implemented in the reference territory.In this paper the authors aim at exposing their idea of e-mobility, justifying it by simulations carried out on three different vehicles (a Diesel-fuelled Renault Kangoo, an electric driven Renault Kangoo and an electric micro-vehicle Renault Twizy) and experimental data. The simulations were carried out with the help of a validated road vehicle model in different real road missions, namely a urban, an extra-urban and a mountain mission.
How Does Energy Security Definition Vary Across Nations? A Review of Major Energy Consumers
Authors: Chen Zhan-Ming , Chang Yuan , Sun Yi-Ming
Published: June 2015

The energy security issue has been paid close attention by many countries owing to the rising energy demand, the limited energy reserve, and the climate change problem. In spite of the broad concern, there is no globally accepted definition of energy security because, for any country, the impact of energy insecurity is highly correlated with its economic status, its resource endowment, its geopolitical partnership, as well as many other nation-specific features. Therefore, by using some of the world's largest energy consuming nations as examples, this article reviews the definitions of energy security and discusses the strategies to enhance it, in order to provide insight for policy makers from different countries. The results find that major energy consuming countries take measures to improve energy security status primarily by improving energy self-sufficiency and increasing energy diversification. Besides, this study also provides suggestion for different countries to take part in international energy cooperation in order to achieve a Pareto improvement of their energy security statuses.
The Saint-Omer First Folio: Perspectives on a New Shakespearean Discovery
Authors: Mayer Jean-Christophe
Published: June 2015

This article examines the new copy of the First Folio (1623) discovered in November 2014 by Rémy Cordonnier, a rare books librarian at the Bibliothèque d'Agglomération de Saint-Omer (in northern France). The folio belonged to the English College that had been created there in 1594 and was run by Jesuits who taught young English Catholic boys and had a strong tradition of staging plays. As is apparent through the illustrated and documented analyses, two plays appear to have been adapted for dramatic purposes: Henry IV (probably during the second half of the seventeenth century) and Henry V in the course of the eighteenth century.
‘Needful Woe’: Tragedy, King John and the Gods
Authors: Luis-Martínez Zenón
Published: June 2015

Religious interpretations of Shakespeare's King John (1595–96) have emphasised the play's various forms of involvement in the doctrinal and sectarian debates of late Tudor England. This article draws on Walter Benjamin's notion of Trauerspiel, or mourning-play, to reassess these religious concerns. Shakespeare's aesthetics of lamentation is understood as the expression of a religiously informed idea of historical experience. The play stresses its characters' anxieties in their attempts to attune their faith in an all-governing providence to a historical condition characterised by ignorance, misrecognition and despair. Grief becomes the allegorical vehicle channelling the play's representation of the effects of historical catastrophe.
Grave Relations: Hamlet, Jyuran Hisao's ‘Hamuretto’, the Emperor and the War
Authors: Ashizu Kaori
Published: June 2015

The popular Japanese writer Jyuran Hisao (1902–57) published two responses to Hamlet in the form of novellas: ‘Shikaku’ (‘Assassin’, 1938) and ‘Hamuretto’ (‘Hamlet’, 1946), the latter a rewritten version of the former. Both are about a Japanese man, Komatsu, who comes to believe that he is Hamlet, and the stories draw extensively and revealingly on the dramatic and thematic content of Shakespeare's play. ‘Hamuretto’ becomes, too, a response to World War II and aligns Komatsu/Hamlet with Emperor Hirohito, while also revealing a surprisingly cosmopolitan, flexible and liberal attitude to this famous tragedy, coming from a country that Japan had come to consider its enemy.
In search of lost scent
Authors: Calabrese Ronald L
Published: June 2015

Three recent studies use optogenetics, virtual ‘odor-scapes’ and mathematical modeling to study how the nervous system of fruit fly larvae processes sensory information to control navigation.
A simple method for generating high-resolution maps of genome-wide protein binding
Authors: Skene Peter J , Henikoff Steven
Published: June 2015

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and its derivatives are the main techniques used to determine transcription factor binding sites. However, conventional ChIP with sequencing (ChIP-seq) has problems with poor resolution, and newer techniques require significant experimental alterations and complex bioinformatics. Previously, we have used a new crosslinking ChIP-seq protocol (X-ChIP-seq) to perform high-resolution mapping of RNA Polymerase II (Skene et al., 2014). Here, we build upon this work and compare X-ChIP-seq to existing methodologies. By using micrococcal nuclease, which has both endo- and exo-nuclease activity, to fragment the chromatin and thereby generate precise protein–DNA footprints, high-resolution X-ChIP-seq achieves single base-pair resolution of transcription factor binding. A significant advantage of this protocol is the minimal alteration to the conventional ChIP-seq workflow and simple bioinformatic processing.
An ionized layer in the upper atmosphere of Mars caused by dust impacts from comet Siding Spring
Authors: Gurnett D. A. , Morgan D. D. , Persoon A. M. , Granroth L. J. , Kopf A. J. , Plaut J. J. , Green J. L.
Published: June 2015

We report the detection of a dense ionized layer in the upper atmosphere of Mars caused by the impact of dust from comet Siding Spring. The observations were made by the ionospheric radar sounder on the Mars Express spacecraft during two low‐altitude passes approximately 7 h and 14 h after closest approach of the comet to Mars. During these passes an unusual transient layer of ionization was detected at altitudes of about 80 to 100 km with peak electron densities of (1.5 to 2.5) × 105 cm−3, much higher than normally observed in the Martian ionosphere. From comparisons to previously observed ionization produced by meteors at Earth and Mars, we conclude that the layer was produced by dust from the comet impacting and ionizing the upper atmosphere of Mars.
Metallic ions in the upper atmosphere of Mars from the passage of comet C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)
Authors: Benna M. , Mahaffy P. R. , Grebowsky J. M. , Plane J. M. C. , Yelle R. V. , Jakosky B. M.
Published: June 2015

We report the first in situ detection of metal ions in the upper atmosphere of Mars resulting from the ablation of dust particles from comet Siding Spring. This detection was carried out by the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission. Metal ions of Na, Mg, Al, K, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, and possibly of Si, and Ca, were identified in the ion spectra collected at altitudes of ~185 km. The measurements revealed that Na+ was the most abundant species, and that the remaining metals were depleted with respect to the CI (type 1 carbonaceous Chondrites) abundance of Na+. The temporal profile and abundance ratios of these metal ions suggest that the combined effects of dust composition, partial ablation, differential upward transport, and differences in the rates of formation and removal of these metal ions are responsible for the observed depletion.
Using patchy pulsating aurora to remote sense magnetospheric convection
Authors: Yang Bing , Donovan E. , Liang J. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Spanswick E.
Published: June 2015

Five patchy pulsating aurora (PPA) patches have been identified in data obtained from the Gillam Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) all‐sky imager (ASI). We found that azimuthal velocities of five patches derived from THEMIS ASI data were close to the same value as the local convection velocities as obtained from analysis of Super Dual Auroral Radar Network data, consistent with the idea that the patch motion is primarily due to E × B convection. We argue that this means that we can infer 2‐D maps of the time‐evolving convection from time sequences of PPA. Further, given that the E × B convection is understood to be a projection of magnetospheric convection, this means that, provided auroral and viewing conditions cooperate, patch motion can be used for remote sensing magnetospheric convection over across‐extended regions with fairly high time resolution. This is the first detailed demonstration of the equivalence of patch velocities and E × B convection.
High‐velocity cometary dust enters the atmosphere of Mars
Authors: Tricarico P.
Published: June 2015

When comet C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) passed nearby Mars in 2014, it offered an unprecedented opportunity to observe the interaction between the dust tail of the comet and the atmosphere of Mars. Here I provide an overview of a recent series of four articles reporting observations from three satellites fortuitously orbiting Mars at the appropriate time (MAVEN, MEX, and MRO). These observations reveal high‐velocity ablation and ionization of metals from the comet, the diffusion and transport processes that operated in Mars' atmosphere, and the abundance of these metals in the comet.
Determination of equilibrium electron temperature and times using an electron swarm model with BOLSIG+ calculated collision frequencies and rate coefficients
Authors: Pusateri Elise N. , Morris Heidi E. , Nelson Eric M. , Ji Wei
Published: June 2015

Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) events produce low‐energy conduction electrons from Compton electron or photoelectron ionizations with air. It is important to understand how conduction electrons interact with air in order to accurately predict EMP evolution and propagation. An electron swarm model can be used to monitor the time evolution of conduction electrons in an environment characterized by electric field and pressure. Here a swarm model is developed that is based on the coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) described by Higgins et al. (1973), hereinafter HLO. The ODEs characterize the swarm electric field, electron temperature, electron number density, and drift velocity. Important swarm parameters, the momentum transfer collision frequency, energy transfer collision frequency, and ionization rate, are calculated and compared to the previously reported fitted functions given in HLO. These swarm parameters are found using BOLSIG+, a two term Boltzmann solver developed by Hagelaar and Pitchford (2005), which utilizes updated cross sections from the LXcat website created by Pancheshnyi et al. (2012). We validate the swarm model by comparing to experimental effective ionization coefficient data in Dutton (1975) and drift velocity data in Ruiz‐Vargas et al. (2010). In addition, we report on electron equilibrium temperatures and times for a uniform electric field of 1 StatV/cm for atmospheric heights from 0 to 40 km. It is shown that the equilibrium temperature and time are sensitive to the modifications in the collision frequencies and ionization rate based on the updated electron interaction cross sections.
Footprint characteristics revised for field‐scale soil moisture monitoring with cosmic‐ray neutrons
Authors: Köhli M. , Schrön M. , Zreda M. , Schmidt U. , Dietrich P. , Zacharias S.
Published: June 2015

Cosmic‐ray neutron probes are widely used to monitor environmental water content near the surface. The method averages over tens of hectares and is unrivaled in serving representative data for agriculture and hydrological models at the hectometer scale. Recent experiments, however, indicate that the sensor response to environmental heterogeneity is not fully understood. Knowledge of the support volume is a prerequisite for the proper interpretation and validation of hydrogeophysical data. In a previous study, several physical simplifications have been introduced into a neutron transport model in order to derive the characteristics of the cosmic‐ray probe's footprint. We utilize a refined source and energy spectrum for cosmic‐ray neutrons and simulate their response to a variety of environmental conditions. Results indicate that the method is particularly sensitive to soil moisture in the first tens of meters around the probe, whereas the radial weights are changing dynamically with ambient water. The footprint radius ranges from 130 to 240 m depending on air humidity, soil moisture, and vegetation. The moisture‐dependent penetration depth of 15 to 83 cm decreases exponentially with distance to the sensor. However, the footprint circle remains almost isotropic in complex terrain with nearby rivers, roads or hill slopes. Our findings suggest that a dynamically weighted average of point measurements is essential for accurate calibration and validation. The new insights will have important impact on signal interpretation, sensor installation, data interpolation from mobile surveys, and the choice of appropriate resolutions for data assimilation into hydrological models.
Rethinking Social Justice and Adult Education for Welcoming, Inclusive Communities: Synthesis of Themes
Authors: Lange Elizabeth , Baillie Abidi Catherine
Published: June 2015

This chapter summarizes the key themes across the articles on transnational migration, social inclusion, and adult education, using Nancy Fraser's framework of redistributive, recognitive, and representational justice.
Mussel‐Inspired Immobilization of Catalysts for Microchemical Applications
Authors: Kim Sung Min , Park Young Ho , Seo Seung Woo , Park Chan Pil , Park Sung Young , In Insik
Published: June 2015

Immobilization of photocatalytic TiO2 nanoparticles inside PDMS‐based microreactors was successfully attempted by sequential mussel‐inspired surface engineering of microchannels by using CA‐PVP and commercially available TiO2 nanoparticles, respectively. TiO2‐immobilized microreactors accomplished continuous photocatalytic degradation of MB for up to 30 days without releasing TiO2 nanoparticles from the surface of the microchannels, confirming the robustness of TiO2‐immobilization in photocatalysis media. Regeneration of microreactors with diminished photocatalytic activities was also possible with simple strong acid treatment, enabling efficient cleaning of used microreactors.
Human papillomavirus infection and biomarkers in sinonasal inverted papillomas: clinical significance and molecular mechanisms
Authors: Scheel Adam , Lin Giant C. , McHugh Jonathan B. , Komarck Christine M. , Walline Heather M. , Prince Mark E. , Zacharek Mark A. , Carey Thomas E.
Published: June 2015

Background

The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in sinonasal inverted papillomas (IPs) is controversial. Determining the prevalence of HPV infection and its impact on the molecular biology of these tumors is critical to characterizing its role in the pathogenesis of IPs.

Methods

A total of 112 paraffin‐embedded IPs from 90 patients were studied. A tissue microarray was constructed and stained for p16, p53, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and cyclin D1. HPV presence and types were determined using PGMY 09/11 primers and integration using HPV 11 detection of integrated papillomavirus sequences by ligation‐mediated polymerase chain reaction (DIPS‐PCR).

Results

HPV was detected in 11 of 90 (12%) patients. HPV 11 was found in 9 samples. HPV 6 and HPV 27 were found in 1 sample each. EGFR staining proportion was higher in HPV‐positive IPs vs HPV‐negative specimens (56.2% vs 23.6%; p = 0.009). Differences in p16, p53, and cyclin D1 staining were not significant. HPV‐positive lesions tend to progress to malignancy (p = 0.064). Three samples were analyzed for integration. Viral integration was found in both malignant tumors but not in the precursor IP.

Conclusion

Degradation of p53 and p16/cyclin D1 dysregulation are not important mechanisms in low‐risk HPV‐related IP. The low prevalence of HPV in this series indicates it is not a main etiological factor for IPs; however, when present, low‐risk HPV may contribute to the biology of IPs through an increase of EGFR expression and a predisposition for malignant progression by integration into the cellular genome.
Special considerations—asthma in children
Authors: Jassal Mandeep S.
Published: June 2015

Background

Asthma is among the most common chronic diseases of childhood. Management of pediatric asthma requires an understanding of the issues that uniquely effect children. This review provides the reader with the current state and future directions of pediatric asthma.

Methods

Review of the pediatric asthma literature was undertaken with emphasis on randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews.

Results

The prevalence of pediatric asthma remains elevated and is increasingly being appreciated in select global regions. Effective treatment in any setting begins with a focused medical history that queries key asthma features that inform both diagnostic and monitoring strategies. A thorough medical history may yield comorbid upper airway disorders and allergic triggers that could potentially exacerbate airway inflammation. Pre‐bronchodilator and post‐bronchodilator lung function testing is a preferable diagnostic strategy to quantitatively assess obstructive pulmonary disease among children capable of performing the testing maneuvers. Pediatric asthmatics who continue to have poor disease control require monitoring of medication adherence and drug delivery techniques, because both are often linked with disease outcomes. Therapeutic strategies in children are notably distinct from adults due to the possible effects of inhaled corticosteroids on reduced bone mineral density and growth. Adolescents may also require more time to address the psychosocial complexities that may complicate the required daily usage of asthma medicines.

Conclusion

Asthmatic children are distinct from their adult counterparts due to limitations inherent in the pediatric age group. A unified and evidence‐based approach to pediatric asthma may improve clinical outcomes.
State complexity and quantum computation
Authors: Cai Yu , Le Huy Nguyen , Scarani Valerio
Published: June 2015

The complexity of a quantum state may be closely related to the usefulness of the state for quantum computation. We discuss this link using the tree size of a multiqubit state, a complexity measure that has two noticeable (and, so far, unique) features: it is in principle computable, and non‐trivial lower bounds can be obtained, hence identifying truly complex states. In this paper, we first review the definition of tree size, together with known results on the most complex three and four qubits states. Moving to the multiqubit case, we revisit a mathematical theorem for proving a lower bound on tree size that scales superpolynomially in the number of qubits. Next, states with superpolynomial tree size, the Immanant states, the Deutsch‐Jozsa states, the Shor's states and the subgroup states, are described. We showed that the universal resource state for measurement based quantum computation, the 2D cluster state, has superpolynomial tree size. Moreover, we showed how the complexity of subgroup states and the 2D cluster state can be verified efficiently. The question of how tree size is related to the speed up achieved in quantum computation is also addressed. We show that superpolynomial tree size of the resource state is essential for measurement based quantum computation. The necessary role of large tree size in the circuit model of quantum computation is still a conjecture; and we prove a weaker version of the conjecture.

image
Synthesis, Antimicrobial, Antiquorum‐Sensing, and Cytotoxic Activities of New Series of Isoindoline‐1,3‐dione, Pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoindole, and Pyridine Derivatives
Authors: El‐Gohary Nadia S. , Shaaban Mona I.
Published: June 2015

New series of isoindoline‐1,3‐diones 2–9, pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoindoles 10–14, and pyridines 16–18 were synthesized. Twenty of the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. cereus, and E. coli. Compound 5 was proved to be the most active member in this study, showing the highest antibacterial activity against the three selected microorganisms. The antifungal activity of these compounds was also tested against C. albicans and A. flavus 3375. Compounds 4, 5, 8, and 17a exhibited the best antifungal activity against A. flavus 3375. The same compounds were examined for their antiquorum‐sensing activity against Ch. violacium ATCC 12472, whereas compound 5 displayed strong antiquorum‐sensing activity. The in vitro cytotoxicity testing of compounds 4–9 and 17a against human normal lung fibroblast (W138) cell line revealed that compounds 4, 5, and 8 are the least cytotoxic analogs in this study. In vivo acute toxicity testing of compounds 4, 5, and 8 was performed. The DNA‐binding affinity of compounds 4–9 and 17a was also tested and the obtained results showed that all tested compounds have moderate DNA‐binding affinity.
Impact of preoperative evaluation of tumour grade by core needle biopsy on clinical risk assessment and patient selection for adjuvant systemic treatment in breast cancer
Authors: Waaijer L , Willems S M , Verkooijen H M , Buck D B , van der Pol C C , van Diest P J , Witkamp A J
Published: June 2015

Background

Histological characteristics are important when making a decision on adjuvant systemic treatment in breast cancer. Preoperative assessments of core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens are becoming increasingly relevant as novel minimally invasive ablative techniques are introduced, because a surgical specimen is no longer obtained with these methods. The clinical impact of potential underestimation of tumour grade on preoperative CNB on clinical decision-making was evaluated.

Methods

Histological tumour grade was reassessed on CNB and resection specimens from consecutive invasive ductal carcinomas diagnosed between 2010 and 2013. For each patient, the indication for systemic therapy was assessed, based on either CNB or surgical excision, in combination with clinical characteristics and imaging findings. The clinical impact of discordance between tumour grade on CNBversus the resection specimen was assessed.

Results

The analysis included 213 invasive ductal carcinomas in 199 patients. Discordance in tumour grade between CNB and the resection specimen was observed in 64 (30·0 per cent) of 213 tumours (κ = 0·53, 95 per cent c.i. 0·43 to 0·63). A decision on adjuvant treatment based on CNB would have resulted in overtreatment in seven (3·5 per cent) and undertreatment in three (1·5 per cent) of 199 patients. In the undertreated patients, incorrect omission of adjuvant systemic treatment would have increased the predicted 10-year mortality rate by 2·6–5·2 per cent and 10-year recurrence rate by 8·2–15·3 per cent based on the online risk assessment tool Adjuvant!

Conclusion

The substantial discordance in tumour grading between CNB and resection specimens from breast cancer affects the indication for adjuvant therapy in only a small minority of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. Assessment of tumour grade by CNB is feasible and accurate for the planning of postoperative treatment.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Allylic Sulfones, Ketosulfones, and Trifylallylic Alcohols from Domino Reactions of Allylic Alcohols with Sulfinic Acid under Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Chu Xue‐Qiang , Meng Hua , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: June 2015

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Shun‐Jun Ji and co‐workers at Soochow University, (China). The image depicts a cheaper, low‐toxic, eco‐friendly benign and metal‐free methodology incorporating the both aryl and trifyl sulfonyl functionality from allylic alcohols. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201500469.
Polymerbasierte sphärische Aktivkohlen in Kombination mit TS‐1 als effiziente Epoxidierungskatalysatoren
Authors: With Patrick C. , Wilde Nicole , Modrow Antje , Fichtner Sven , Böhringer Bertram , Gläser Roger
Published: June 2015

Die heterogen katalysierte Epoxidierung von kommerziellem Biodiesel mit wässrigem H2O2 als Oxidationsmittel wurde an Kompositkatalysatoren aus mikroporösem Titansilikalit‐1 (TS‐1) als reaktiver und einer polymerbasierten sphärischen Aktivkohle als sorptiver Komponente untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit denen eines kommerziellen TS‐1‐Katalysators verglichen. Die Polymer‐basierte sphärische Aktivkohle diente dabei als Trägermaterial oder als Exotemplat. In dem Kompositkatalysator werden die aktiven Titanatome viermal effizienter als in kommerziellem TS‐1‐Katalysator genutzt.
Numerical Study of the Effects of Oxygen Concentration and Fuel Jet Velocity on Thermal Radiation in Methane and Propane Turbulent Diffusion Flames
Authors: Wu Long , Kobayashi Noriyuki , Li Zhanyong , Huang Hongyu
Published: June 2015

Thermal radiation is an important mode in combustion and plays a key role in improving energy efficiency and reducing the formation of pollutants in industrial combustion systems. This paper describes the effects of oxygen concentration and fuel (methane and propane) jet velocity on thermal radiation in turbulent diffusion flames via numerical evaluation, using a detailed gas‐phase reaction mechanism consisting of 36 species and 219 elementary reactions with the discrete ordinates method. The predictions show close agreement with the experimental results in literature. Specifically, the radiative heat transfer flux and radiation fraction of propane flames were larger than those of methane flames at the same input power because of the increased soot yield in propane flames. In both methane and propane flames, thermal radiation generally increased with oxygen concentration, while at higher oxygen concentrations the degree of radiation increase was lower. Because of the promotion of soot oxidation at higher fuel velocities, the radiant fractions were lower than at lower fuel velocities.
Quality of patient‐reported outcome reporting across cancer randomized controlled trials according to the CONSORT patient‐reported outcome extension: A pooled analysis of 557 trials
Authors: Efficace Fabio , Fayers Peter , Pusic Andrea , Cemal Yeliz , Yanagawa Jane , Jacobs Marc , la Sala Andrea , Cafaro Valentina , Whale Katie , Rees Jonathan , Blazeby Jane ,   for the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality‐of‐Life Group (Patient‐Reported Outcome Measurements Over Time in Oncology Registry)
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND

The main objectives of this study were to identify the number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including a patient‐reported outcome (PRO) endpoint across a wide range of cancer specialties and to evaluate the completeness of PRO reporting according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) PRO extension.

METHODS

RCTs with a PRO endpoint that had been performed across several cancer specialties and published between 2004 and 2013 were considered. Studies were evaluated on the basis of previously defined criteria, including the CONSORT PRO extension and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias of RCTs. Analyses were also conducted by the type of PRO endpoint (primary vs secondary) and by the cancer disease site.

RESULTS

A total of 56,696 potentially eligible records were scrutinized, and 557 RCTs with a PRO evaluation, enrolling 254,677 patients overall, were identified. PROs were most frequently used in RCTs of breast (n = 123), lung (n = 85), and colorectal cancer (n = 66). Overall, PROs were secondary endpoints in 421 RCTs (76%). Four of 6 evaluated CONSORT PRO items were documented in less than 50% of the RCTs. The level of reporting was higher in RCTs with a PRO as a primary endpoint. The presence of a supplementary report was the only statistically significant factor associated with greater completeness of reporting for both RCTs with PROs as primary endpoints (β = .19, P = .001) and RCTs with PROs as secondary endpoints (β = .30, P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

Implementation of the CONSORT PRO extension is equally important across all cancer specialties. Its use can also contribute to revealing the robust PRO design of some studies, which might be obscured by poor outcome reporting. Cancer 2015;121:3335–3342. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
A wideband time‐based continuous‐time sigma‐delta modulator with 2nd order noise‐coupling based on passive elements
Authors: Tamaddon Mohsen , Yavari Mohammad
Published: June 2015

Embedding the time encoding approach inside the loop of the sigma‐delta modulators has been shown as a promising alternative to overcome the resolution problems of analog‐to‐digital converters in low‐voltage complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits. In this paper, a wideband noise‐transfer‐function (NTF)‐enhanced time‐based continuous‐time sigma‐delta modulator (TCSDM) with a second‐order noise‐coupling is presented. The proposed structure benefits from the combination of an asynchronous pulse width modulator as the voltage‐to‐time converter and a time‐to‐digital converter as the sampler to realize the time quantization. By using a novel implementation of the analog‐based noise‐coupling technique, the modulator's noise‐shaping order is improved by two. The concept is elaborated for an NTF‐enhanced second‐order TCSDM, and the comparative analytical calculations and behavioral simulation results are presented to verify the performance of the proposed structure. To further confirm the effectiveness of the presented structure, the circuit‐level implementation of the modulator is provided in Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 90 nm CMOS technology. The simulation results show that the proposed modulator achieves a dynamic range of 84 dB over 30 MHz bandwidth while consuming less than 25 mW power from a single 1 V power supply. With the proposed time‐based noise‐coupling structure, both the order and bandwidth requirements of the loop filter are relaxed, and as a result, the analog complexity of the modulator is significantly reduced. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Crystal Structures, Energetics, and Thermal Stabilities of Li[AlX4] (X = Cl, Br): Investigation and Performance of Their Electrolyte Solutions
Authors: Scholz Franziska , Unkrig Wiebke , Eiden Philipp , Schmidt Michael A. , Garsuch Arnd , Krossing Ingo
Published: June 2015

Lithium chloro‐ and bromoaluminates were prepared, fully characterized, and investigated as conducting salts for battery applications. In addition, thermodynamic investigations of their lattice enthalpies and other quantities were carried out. The Li[AlX4] salts also show very high conductivities in solvents of very low polarity, which makes them suitable candidates for conducting salts and battery systems working with voltages below ca. 3.5 V (X = Br) or ca. 4.4 V (X = Cl), such as lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs). In particular, the bromoaluminates, with their Pearson‐soft character, which prevents ion‐pair formation with the Pearson‐hard lithium ion, are promising for this purpose. An interesting alternative solvent for LSBs might be o‐difluorobenzene, in which Li[AlBr4] shows very high solubility and conductivity. The carbonate solvents typically used for LIBs are not suitable for the bromoaluminates, and Li[AlCl4] also shows corrosive behavior towards aluminum at potentials higher than 2.5 V. This can be prevented by, for example, addition of Li[PF6].
Cyclometalated Diruthenium Complexes Bridged by 3,3′,5,5′‐Tetra(pyrid‐2‐yl)biphenyl: Tuning of Electronic Properties and Intervalence Charge Transfer by Terminal Ligand Effects
Authors: Yang Wen‐Wen , Shao Jiang‐Yang , Zhong Yu‐Wu
Published: June 2015

Six cyclometalated diruthenium complexes bridged by 3,3′,5,5′‐tetra(pyrid‐2‐yl)biphenyl have been prepared, in which 12+, 32+, and 52+ are symmetric complexes with different terminal ligands [2,6‐bis(N‐methylbenzimidazolyl)pyridine (Mebip), 4′‐tolyl‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine (ttpy), and trimethyl‐4,4′,4″‐tricarboxylate‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine (Me3tctpy), respectively]. Three other complexes with mixed terminal ligands (Mebip‐Me3tctpy for 62+; Mebip‐ttpy for 72+; ttpy‐Me3tctpy for 82+) are structurally nonsymmetric. These complexes display two consecutive Ru(III/II) redox couples between 0.20 and 0.90 V vs. Ag/AgCl, with the potential splitting ranging from 150 (for 52+) to 280 mV (for 62+). The mixed‐valent states of these complexes have been generated by stepwise electrolysis. The symmetric complexes show intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) transitions at similar energy (Eop ≈ 5750 cm–1), with the electronic coupling parameter Vab of 1240, 1220, and 970 cm–1 for 13+, 33+, and 53+, respectively. The nonsymmetric series show significantly different Eop (7600, 5850, and 6650 cm–1 for 63+, 73+, and 83+, respectively) but Vab values that were comparable to that of 13+. DFT and TDDFT calculations have been performed to complement these experimental results.
Regioselective, One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of 1,3,4‐ and 1,3,5‐Triarylpyrazoles from 1‐ and 2‐Aryl‐1‐alkenyl Sulfones
Authors: Fuse Shinichiro , Sugiyama Hirotaka , Kobayashi Daisuke , Iijima Yusuke , Matsumura Keisuke , Tanaka Hiroshi , Takahashi Takashi
Published: June 2015

A one‐pot, three‐component coupling of aldehydes with hydrazines and 1‐aryl‐1‐alkenyl sulfones or 2‐aryl‐1‐alkenyl sulfones for the regioselective synthesis of 1,3,4‐ and 1,3,5‐triarylpyrazoles was developed. In our developed procedure, 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐p‐benzoquinone (DDQ) worked as an effective oxidant, and the addition of an strong acid was not necessary. We synthesized 1,3,4‐ and 1,3,5‐triarylpyrazoles containing acid‐labile functionalities in a one‐pot reaction in good yields.
Carbon concentration and oxygen availability affect lipid and carotenoid production by carob pulp syrup‐grown Rhodosporidium toruloides NCYC 921
Authors: Parreira Teresa Margarida , Freitas Claudia , Reis Alberto , Roseiro José , da Silva Teresa Lopes
Published: June 2015

The simultaneous effect of oxygen availability and carbon source concentration on yeast lipid and carotenoid production has never been studied before. In this work, a Doehlert distribution design was used to study the simultaneous effect of carbon concentration and oxygen availability on Rhodosporidium toruloides NCYC 921 carotenoid and lipid production. A cheap industrial byproduct was used as carbon source (carob pulp syrup). A total sugar concentration of 106.3 g/L and a medium volume of 0.120 L induced the highest total carotenoid and total fatty acid productivities (4.60 μg/Lh and 0.029 g/Lh, respectively). Flow cytometry was used to assess yeast stress response under different cultivation conditions. The highest proportion of cells with permeabilised membrane (>20%) was induced when the cultivations were carried out at the highest sugar concentration studied (130.0 g/L) or when the culture reached the minimum final medium pH (4.60). The results showed that the total sugar concentration had a positive influence on the yeast biomass and carotenoid content, while the oxygen availability had little influence on the biomass concentration, but had a slight positive influence on the carotenoid content. Regarding the fatty acids, the two factors had a negative impact on the synthesis of these compounds.
Lymph node density as an independent prognostic factor in node‐positive patients with tonsillar cancer
Authors: Park Jun‐Ook , Joo Young‐Hoon , Cho Kwang‐Jae , Kim Min‐Sik
Published: June 2015

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of lymph node density for predicting the survival of patients with tonsillar cancer and positive neck nodes.

Methods

We reviewed data for 64 patients diagnosed with tonsillar cancer with lymph node metastasis in a retrospective single center audit.

Results

Lymph node density (≥0.05), extracapsular spread (ECS), number of ECS (≥3), vascular invasion, perineural invasion, and N classification (N1/N2a vs N2b/N2c) were significant predictors of 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS). Lymph node density (≥0.05), human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and N classification (N1/N2a vs N2b/N2c) were significant predictors of 5‐year overall survival (OS). In the multivariate analysis, categorical lymph node density remained a significant predictor of DFS (p = .025*; hazard ratio [HR] = 6.063) and no parameter was significantly predictive of OS.

Conclusion

Lymph node density might be useful as an independent predictor of survival in patients with tonsillar cancer and positive lymph nodes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E705–E711, 2016
Receptor interacting protein kinase 1 mediates murine acetaminophen toxicity independent of the necrosome and not through necroptosis
Authors: Dara Lily , Johnson Heather , Suda Jo , Win Sanda , Gaarde William , Han Derick , Kaplowitz Neil
Published: June 2015

Although necrosis in the acetaminophen (APAP) model is known to be regulated by c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK) through interaction with mitochondria, the role of necroptosis through receptor‐interacting proteins 1 and 3 (RIPK1 and RIPK3) has also been suggested. Our aim was to determine the relationship between these two mechanisms of cell death. To verify the participation of RIPK1, we used antisense knockdown and confirmed protection comparable to the RIPK1 inhibitor, necrostatin, in vivo and in vitro. However, we found no evidence that RIPK3 is expressed in primary mouse hepatocytes under basal conditions or after APAP and RIPK3−/− mice were not protected. RIPK3 was exclusively expressed in nonparenchymal cells. RIPK1 knockdown protected RIPK3−/− mice to the same extent as wild‐type mice, underscoring the independent role of RIPK1. We confirmed that necroptosis is not involved in APAP toxicity by using mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein (MLKL) knockout mice, which were not protected from APAP. Next, we addressed whether there is interplay between RIPK1 and JNK. RIPK1 knockdown decreased the level of JNK activation and translocation to mitochondria and abrogated subsequent translocation of dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1). Interestingly, APAP induced translocation of RIPK1 to mitochondria, which was unaffected by knockdown of the mitochondrial JNK docking protein, Sh3 homology 3 binding protein 5 (Sab). Conclusion: RIPK1 participates in APAP‐induced necrosis upstream of JNK activation whereas RIPK3 and MLKL are dispensable, indicating that necroptosis does not contribute to APAP‐induced necrosis and RIPK1 has a unique, independent role.(Hepatology 2015;62:1847–1857)