bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EPIDEMIOLOGIA E PERSPECTIVA TERAPEUTICA NO PACIENTE QUEIMADO
Authors: Daumas Fernanda Maria , Chierici Júnior Márcio José de Melo , Picinini Freitas Lucas , Dametto Oioli Lincoln , Evangelista Dias Vinícius , Fernandes Medina Emilly
Published: November 2023

As queimaduras são lesões traumáticas significativas que afetam pessoas em todo o mundo, portanto representa um problema de saúde global significativo, com um impacto considerável na qualidade de vida dos afetados. Além disso, anualmente cerca de um milhão de brasileiros são afetados com este tipo de lesão que compromete desde a epiderme, a camada mais superficial da pele, até profundidades extremas, como músculos e osso. Nesse viés, este tipo de lesão possui diversas etiologias, tais como térmicas e elétricas. Em virtude disto, milhares de pessoas requerem recursos terapêuticos hospitalares, entretanto a abordagem é complexa, haja visto que cada tipo demanda um procedimento conforme a extensão, resposta inflamatória do organismo ao trauma, processo de cicatrização e outras condições associadas, como infecções. Ademais, a idade é um fator significativo, visto que a maior parte dos casos ocorrem em âmbito residencial e crianças correspondem a quase metade dos casos devido ao escoamento de líquidos em altas temperaturas. Consoante às informações relatadas, existem condutas mais conservadoras em graus menores, ao contrário de pacientes que necessitam de abordagem cirúrgica, desbridamento com enxertos de pele de áreas doadoras íntegras, visando a prevenção da mortalidade, melhoria na qualidade de vida e reabilitação de locais acometidos.
SEDAÇÃO INALATÓRIA COM ÓXIDO NITROSO NA PRÁTICA CLÍNICA ODONTOLÓGICA
Authors: André Peres Silva Thiago , Silva Ivania Aparecida Pimenta Santos , Andrade Rodrigo Soares de
Published: November 2023

A sedação consciente é uma técnica na qual fármacos são utilizados para induzir um estado de depressão do sistema nervoso central (SNC), proporcionando a realização do procedimento com um mínimo de estresse para o paciente. O óxido nitroso, gás incolor, de sabor adocicado é bastante utilizado no controle da ansiedade. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa, descrevendo de que forma a sedação com óxido nitroso auxilia na prática clínica odontológica, frente ao manejo comportamental de crianças, pacientes especiais, ansiosos ou com medo. Essa pesquisa consistiu em um estudo bibliográfico, de caráter descritivo explicativo, com análise integrativa e qualitativa. A pesquisa foi feita a partir dos dados coletados na literatura nas plataformas Pubmed (MEDLINE), Scielo, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) e Google Schoolar, selecionando estudos publicados entre o período de 2013 a 2023. A Sedação em Odontologia é uma aliada para evitar a ocorrência de emergências médicas durante os atendimentos, visto que o manejo de pacientes ansiosos, pode ser bastante desafiador, especialmente crianças não condicionadas ou com necessidades especiais. Sendo assim a Sedação consciente com Óxido Nitroso auxilia o cirurgião-dentista no manejo destes pacientes otimizando o tempo de atendimento e prevenindo intercorrências durante o tratamento.
Viabilidade do uso de implantes zigomáticos e implantes curtos em caso limítrofe: relato de caso
Authors: Miyasawa Erton Massamitsu , Padovan Luis Eduardo Marques , Sartori Ivete Aparecida de Mattias
Published: November 2023

O processo de remodelação óssea que ocorre após a perda dentária é responsável pela diminuição da disponibilidade óssea que é considerado fator primordial para o sucesso nas reabilitações com implantes dentais. A perda de qualidade e quantidade óssea aliada a pneumatização do seio maxilar são fatores que limitam a reabilitação da maxila. A reabilitação da mandíbula normalmente é dificultada devido a perda óssea em altura, e posicionamento do nervo alveolar inferior (NAI) que impede a instalação de implantes convencionais na região posterior. Nesse relato de caso, apresentamos um acompanhamento de reabilitação total da arcada superior com instalação de implantes zigomáticos associados a implantes convencionais na região anterior (14 anos de acompanhamento) e evolução de tratamento da arcada inferior através de implantes curtos até a sua falência e remoção (após 11 anos) e reabilitação com prótese total tipo protocolo e acompanhamento de 29 meses. Foi observado nesse caso clínico uma grande previsibilidade e confiabilidade na reabilitação com implantes zigomáticos, e uma limitação das reabilitações envolvendo situações limítrofes com implantes curtos, que apesar da sua falência, podem ser indicados em casos de tratamentos conservadores que postergam a indicação da remoção completa de todos os dentes e reabilitação total com implantes.
Peculiarities of the morpho-physiological reactions of mosses depending on the water-temperature regime of their local growth
Authors: Kit Nadija , Shcherbachenko Oksana
Published: November 2023

The morphological structure of and the activity of the catalase of mosses Ptychostomum imbricatulum and Brachythecium rutabulum depending on microclimatic conditions of their local growth were studied. The morphological variability of moss turfs in different ecological conditions of forest ecosystems was established, in particular, the influence of the level of moisture in local growth on the morphometric parameters of mosses (the density of the turf, the height of the shoots and their foliage and the size of the leaves) was revealed. It is shown that the morphological structure of the turfs of the mosses Ptychostomum imbricatulum and Brachythecium rutabulum is important for moisture conservation and depends on the microclimatic conditions of local growth and the life form of the species. It is shown that the increase in the content of hydrogen peroxide as a signaling mediator is a component of the antioxidant protection system. It was established that the highest content of hydrogen peroxide was in shoots of P. imbricatulum from the territory of pine plantations, where the microclimatic conditions are the least favorable. The obtained results indicate the existence of interdependence between the formation of reactive oxygen species and the activity of catalase as one of the key enzymes of antioxidant protection, which indicates the signaling role of reactive oxygen species in moss cells under stress conditions. The dependence of catalase activity in moss cells on the level of hydration of their turfs was established. The activation of catalase in adverse water and temperature conditions in the shoots of the studied species indicates the participation of the enzyme in the adaptation of plants to stress and is due to the strengthening of free radical oxidation processes, in particular, an increase in the content of hydrogen peroxide.
The new record of the Mammoth Wasp Megascolia maculata (Drury, 1773) in the Ternopil oblast as evidence of the species range expansion
Authors: Holinei Halyna , Rizun Volodymyr , Shevchyk Liubov , Kravets Natalia , Prokopiak Mariana , Kryzhanovska Marharyta , Shcherbachenko Taras
Published: November 2023

Mammoth Wasp Megascolia maculata (Drury, 1773) (Hymenoptera, Scoliidae) widely distributed in the south of the Western Palearctic and is the largest Hymenoptera insect in Europe. The species range covers southern and partially Central Europe, North Africa, Turkey, the Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Western and Central Asia (Western Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Syria, Israel, Kuwait, Iran, Afghanistan). Three subspecies are distinguished within the species range: Megascolia (Regiscolia) maculata bischoffi (Micha, 1927) – island of Cyprus, Megascolia (Regiscolia) maculata flavifrons (Fabricius, 1775) – western Mediterranean including Italy, Megascolia (Regiscolia) maculata maculata (Drury, 1773) – Eastern Mediterranean, Central and Eastern Europe and Asia. However, DNA barcoding showed no difference between these three subspecies (Schmid-Egger, Schmidt, 2021). In Ukraine it is represented by a nominative subspecies Megascolia (Regiscolia) maculata maculata (Drury, 1773), most of the findings are concentrated in the central and southeastern provinces (oblasts). The species is listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine with protection status: not evaluated (NE). The purpose of the study was to analyze its spread in Ukraine and neighboring countries, in particular, define the northern boundary of the species range. The material for the work was collections (State Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, entomological collection of the Department of Botany and Zoology of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University), own observations, literature data, information from web resources on biodiversity: GBIF - 3800 findings GBIF, 2023; Megascolia…, 2023), iNaturalist – 3208 observations (iNaturalist, 2023), Data Centre «Biodiversity of Ukraine» – 265 records, Ukrainian Biodiversity Information Network – 127 findings. Data on a new discovered of Mammoth Wasp Megascolia maculata (Drury, 1773) in the Ternopil oblast (24.06.2022, Laskivtsi village, Ternopilskyi district, 49.170338N, 25.568823E) are presented. The distribution of the species in Ukraine and neighboring countries is analyzed, a map of the distribution of the species in the region is presented and indicated the expansion of the species range in the northwest direction. Probably, for the next few years we can expect it’s discovered in the Lviv and Volyn oblasts, as well as in Poland.
Taxonomic and ecological structure of myrmecocomplexes in the forests of Volyn’ Polissia (Ukraine) and its transformation in the process of forest restoration in clerings
Authors: Radchenko Oleksandr
Published: November 2023

57 ant species were found in Volyn’ Polissia, of which 34 were found in the selected model forest plots. Changes in the ecological and taxonomic structure of the myrmecofauna in 2-, 7- and 17 years old wood cleanings were analyzed. Immediately after cutting down the trees and destroying the territory ants disappeared. Next year, meso-xerophilic and hemixerophilic species begin to populate this territory. Later, a number of meso- xerophilic species, which inhabit mainly dry meadows, appear there. The structure of myrmecofauna on the 17-years old cleaning begins to approach that of virgin forests. Red wood ants completely disappeared from the cleanings, what negatively affects the phytosanitary condition of the adjacent wooded areas. As a result, new ant associations are formed, but they become less stable, and it takes at least 50 years for the complete restoration of zonal forest myrmecomplexes.
Bryoflora of the Romaniv landscape region and adjacent territories (Lviv region)
Authors: Mamchur Zvenyslava , Drach Yura
Published: November 2023

Research was conducted on bryophytes of the Romaniv landscape reserve and adjacent territories, which belong to the North-Podilskyi-Dniester key territory of the regional eco-network of the Lviv region. 73 species of bryophytes from the divisions Marchantiophyta (7 species from the class Jungermanniopsida, 4 species – Marchantiopsida) and Bryophyta (2 species from the class Polytrichopsida, 60 species – Bryopsida) were found in the study area. Among the families, Pottiaceae (9 species, 6.6%), Brachytheciaceae (7 species, 5.1%), Mniaceae (6 species, 4.4%), Plagiotheciaceae (6 species, 4.4%), Bryaceae (5 species, 3.7%), Orthotrichaceae (4 species, 2.9%), the rest of the families are oligo- and monospecies. Among the genera are Ptychostomum (4 species, 2.9%), Plagiothecium (4 species, 2.9%), genera Plagiomnium, Didymodon, Tortula and Orthotrichum – 3 species each (2.2%). According to the substrate affiliation, there is the largest number of epigean bryophytes. Epiphytes predominate on the bark of deciduous trees, or in the root zone of beech trees. However, epixillae develop well at various stages of decay in various types of dead wood. Rocky areas in the middle of the forest, which are located outside the reserve have the biggest species diversity of bryophytes Mosses inhabit anthropogenically disturbed biotopes, in particular, sand mining quarries and agricultural land. Based on the geographical analysis, the bryoflora of this territory can be characterized as nemoral-boreal with some arid and cosmopolitan elements. Features of the geographical distribution of bryophytes are large areas, accordingly, the share of endemics among them is insignificant. Regionally rare for the mixed forest zone are Alleniella besseri, Aloina rigida, Marchantia quadrata, Taxiphyllum wissgrillii. For nemoral – Pellia endiviifolia, Porella platyphylla, Lophocolea bidentata, Encalypta streptocarpa. Data on the species composition of bryophytes and their substrate affiliation make it possible to more widely assess the types of biodiversity. The given sozological analysis of the bryoflora points to the need for further detailed research of the bryoflora. An annotated list of bryophytes was drawn up on the basis of bryofloristic studies of the Romaniv landscape reserve and adjacent territories.
Discovery of Megistopus flavicornis (Rossi, 1790) (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae) in the Vinnytsia region
Authors: Serediuk Hanna , Smirnov Nazar
Published: November 2023

Megistopus flavicornis (Rossi, 1790) is a species belonging to the monotypic genus of the Myrmeleontidae family. This ant lion is relatively small in size. It can be easily identified by the characteristic dark brown spot on the distal part of the forewing, as well as by the long and slender legs.
New locality Goodyera repens (L.) R. BR. (Orchidaceae) on the southern border of the range (Male Polissya)
Authors: Danylyuk Kateryna
Published: November 2023

Goodyera repens (Orchidaceae) is a Holarctic species, evolutionarily and ecologically related to the forest formations of the dark coniferous taiga. In Ukraine, it occurs in the northern flat part of the forest-steppe zone, mainly in the Poliska lowland, in the Carpathians and the Crimean mountains.
Scientific and educational potential of the malacological collection of the State Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Authors: Gural Roman , Gural-Sverlova Nina
Published: November 2023

The importance of the malacological collection of the State Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in Lviv for the history and further development of malacological research in Ukraine is considered. The scientific potential of stock malacological materials, accumulated in the museum since the second half of the 19th century and significantly supplemented during the last decades, was analyzed in temporal and geographical aspects, as well as taking into account the taxonomic diversity and intraspecific conchological variability of the molluscs of Ukraine, the presence of typical materials, etc. It was found that the main (scientific) part of the malacological collection well represents the present land and freshwater mollusc fauna of Ukraine and its western part. Not represented in the museum's malacological collection are still some species that are mainly locally distributed in Ukraine and often have small sizes, which further complicates their sampling. Among the more recent additions to the malacological collection, we can especially mention the samples related to the study of the land mollusc fauna of the steppe zone of Ukraine, which remained poorly studied until the end of the 20th and even the beginning of the 21st century, as well as to the shell color and banding polymorphism in the Eastern European populations of two introduced species, Cepaea nemoralis and C. hortensis. Among the auxiliary part of the malacological collection, a large block of materials that can be used for exhibition purposes is selected. They allow demonstrating a wide range of topics from the taxonomic and morphological diversity of molluscs of Ukraine and the world to conchological adaptations. It can be useful when studying corresponding sections of a school biology course, as well as for students of biological specialties, amateur naturalists, etc. Various forms of virtual exhibiting allow to shown the public also numerous materials of the main (scientific) part of the malacological collection, which became possible within the framework of the Educational online program “Molluscs”. This allows us to talk about the gradual transformation of the main part of the malacological collection from a classical scientific collection to a scientific and educational one with virtual access.
Population of Collembola of bog ecosystems of the ukrainian part of the International Biosphere Reserve «Roztochia»
Authors: Kaprus’ Igor , Mytsak Oleg , Savchak Oleg , Husak Oksana
Published: November 2023

A comparative analysis of the taxonomic and ecological structure of bog collembolan taxocenes of IBR "Roztochia" was carried out. 67 species of Сollembola belonging to 43 genera and 12 families were found on the studied territory. The representation of the rare element of collembolofauna (its uniqueness) is 14.9%. Three species are new to the collembolofauna of Ukraine (Cryptonura kühnelti, Heteromurus sexoculatus, Isotomurus fucicolus) and one new species is from the continental part of Ukraine (Tetracanthella proxima). From 1 to 13 species of Сollembola were found at the level of point alpha diversity, and 5–29 species of coenotic alpha diversity, which indicates a small capacity of the soil environment for Сollembola in bog ecosystems, сompared to forest and meadow ecosystems. The investigated bog Collembola taxocenes are characterized by small and average population density indicators, from 0.25 to 9.1 thousand spec./m2. It was found that the structure of dominance, spectra of life forms and biotope groups of the studied taxocenes have their own specificity, due to local edaphic conditions. The analysis of the ecological structure showed that, in terms of species richness, complexes of hygro-mesophilic (31.3% of the total species richness), mesophilic (22.4%) and xeroresistant forms (20.9%) prevail in bog taxocenes of collembola. The studied taxocenes include nine biotope groups of species. The biotope groups of forest species (28,9%) and species that differentiate the bog type of ecosystems (bog, near-water, meadow- and forest-bog species) prevails. The share of representatives of the second group in the studied taxocenes is 14.9% of the total species diversity and 29.5% of the total abundance. It was established that a mixed collembolan taxocene is formed in bog ecosystems, where none of the biotope groups reaches 40% of the total abundance.
The content of phenols and activity of polyphenol oxidase in the hametophyte of dominant mosses in forest ecosystems of the Ukrainian Roztochia
Authors: Beshlei Stepan , Lobachevska Oksana , Sokhanchak Roman
Published: November 2023

Bryophytes are indicators of the state of forest ecosystems. Dominant species of forest mosses are sensitive to the influence of abiotic factors and demonstrate adaptive reactions different from vascular plants, which are decisive for the prediction of changes in the natural environment. We have analyzed the changes in the content of water-soluble phenols and the activity of polyphenol oxidase n the hametophyte of dominant epigean forest mosses depending on changes in the intensity of insolation, the water and temperature regime of soils and air in experimental localities of forest ecosystems of the Ukrainian Roztochia. The highest content of water-soluble phenolic compounds was found in the resistant mosses Polytrichum formosum and Atrichum undulatum on the territory of protected beech forest under conditions of low light intensity and sufficient humidity of local vegetation. The maximum indicators of the content of phenolic compounds were found in A. undulatum (199.5±9.8 μg/g of dry matter mass), and the lowest – in Plagiomnium affine (54.7±2.6 μg/g of dry matter mass) that is sensitive to changes in the ecological conditions of local vegetation in all studied areas. A significant decrease in the content of phenolic compounds in areas of disturbed ecosystems may indicate the active participation of phenols in the adaptation of mosses to the effects of high light intensity, elevated temperatures and moisture deficit. The highest indicators of polyphenol oxidase activity were determined in P. affine (120.4±6.1 relative units/g of dry matter mass*s) and P. formosum (41.8±2.1 relative units/g of dry matter mass*s) from local vegetation under unfavorable conditions on the territory of stationary recreation. A direct correlation between the content of phenolic compounds and the activity of polyphenol oxidase was not established. The higher activity of this enzyme under conditions of high light intensity than in shaded local plants may indicate a relationship between polyphenol oxidase and photosynthesis. An increase in the activity of polyphenol oxidase contributes to the significant formation of quinones, which, accumulating in cell walls, reduce the processes of lipid peroxidation, regulate their permeability and ensure better moisture storage in the moss turfs.
Mutual influence and conjugation between populations of alpine phytocoenoses in the Ukrainian Carpathians
Authors: Kyyak Volodymyr
Published: November 2023

The results of studies of association and mutual influence between populations of plant species of the most common alpine phytocenoses in the Ukrainian Carpathians are shown in this work. Considering objects of the research such species have been taken into account: Calamagrostis villosa, Campanula alpinа, Carex curvula, C. sempervirens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca airoides, Helictotrichon versicolor, Hieracium alpinum, Homogyne alpina, Juncus trifidus, Leontodon croceus, Ligusticum mutellina, Loiseleuria procumbens, Nardus stricta, Potentilla aurea, Rhododendron myrtifolium, Sesleria coerulans, Soldanella hungarica, Vaccinium myrtillus, V. uliginosum, V. vitisidaea. Typical alpine groups, which are located in the highest mountain range of the Ukrainian Carpathians - Chornohora in the range of altitude from 1750 m above sea level to peaks over 2000 m, have been researched in this work. The method of studying interactions based on the definition of conjugate occurrence and association in the mutual arrangement of species is applied. All neighboring individuals have been counted around individuals of the active species. The obtained data has been compared with the population density of these species in the contours of the studied phytocenosis area. If neutral interactions between species is considered, then the percentage ratio of individuals in populations, established by the neighborhood, should correspond to their percentage the ratio established by the average density in the phytocenosis. Significant deviations indicate mutual influence or association between species The existence of active interaction between most plant species of the alpine zone was found. Dominants of alpine phytocenosis express neutral or weak interaction among themselves. Asectatory species are less competitive, but more flexible in terms of occupying free ecological niches. A negative interaction is often found between dominants and asectators. The nature of the interaction between the same species can vary in different coenoses. In most cases the presence of plant species, which are considered as positive neighbors, creates prerequisites for colonization of areas. In addition to dominants, it is advisable to use Helictotrichon versicolor in particular, which successfully occupies unsown areas and has a positive interaction with many plant species, in order to restore phytocenoses of the alpine belt, where the turf cover has been disturbed.
Taxonomic and ecological structure of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of mesophilic grasslands on the Transcarpathian lowland
Authors: Hushtan Habriel
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes the taxonomic diversity, dominance structure, spectra of morpho-ecological types, biotope complexes and groups of oribatid mites of mesophilic grasslands on Transcarpathian lowland. Prior to our works, there were almost no studies of the oribatid communities of the studied area. The research plots located on the sorrounding areas of the city of Mukachevo and the village of Kalnyk of the Mukachevo district. Soil samples selected for 2013-2014. The geographical coordinates of the first meadow are: 48º22.79' N, 22º40.14' E, and the second one is 48º30.86' N, 22º34.65' E. The total area of the first biotope is 0.45, and the second is 37.5 hectares. In relation to the humidity of the substrate, this type of biotope is characterized by mesophilic conditions. Extraction of mites from soil was carried out using Tullgren funnel method. Permanent preparations were prepared. Identification of the specimens was carried out using a microscope (Olympus BX 51). Oribatid mites of the investigated mesophilic grasslands are represented by 26 species from 22 genera and 16 families. The families Oppiidae and Scheloribatidae are the most represented. The average density of oribatid mites of the mesophilic grasslands on Transcarpathian lowland has relatively small values (3.7 thousand specimens per m2). The dominant species include Punctoribates punctum (C. L. Koch, 1839) and Ceratozetes mediocris Berlese, 1908. They together make up 44% of the total density of oribatids. Margalef, Menkhinik, Simpson, Shannon and Berger-Parker indices were calculated. 10 morpho-ecological types of oribatid mites were found on mesophilic grasslands. Oribatids - inhabitants of small soil crevices – predominate. Representatives of five biotope complexes (euryoecic, hygrophilous, hygro-mesophilous, mesophilous and xerophilous) and four biotope groups (eurytopic, forest, forest-meadow, meadow) were identified in the structure of ecological groups of Oribatids. Mesophilous and meadow species of oribatid mites have the largest share.
Bats (Chiroptera) of spruce forests in the Ukrainian Carpathians
Authors: Bashta Andriy-Taras
Published: November 2023

Bat communities in monoculture spruce plantations (Skolivski Beskydy NNP, Gorgany (NNP Syniohora) and Chornohora areas) and spruce forests of the upper mountain forest belt (Verkhovynskyi NNP, Karpatskyi NNP) were studied by recording echolocation calls to assess the importance of such ecosystems for this group of animals. 11 species were recorded at the sample plots: Northern bat Eptesicus nilssonii, Serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus, Brand’s bat/Whiskered bat Myotis brandtii/mystacinus, Daubenton’s bat Myotis daubentonii, Greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis, Common noctule Nyctalus noctula, Brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus, Nathusius’s bat Pipistrellus nathusii, Common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Soprano pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus, Parti-coloured bat Vespertilio murinus. According to the degree of dominance (total number of registered calls), E. nilssonii was the most numerous (32.7%). M. mystacinus/brandtii (25.6%) and P. nathusii (18.9%) were somewhat less numerous. According to the spatial distribution (presence in the sample plots), only the pair M. mystacinus/brandtii was detected in all the studied plots. Of the other species, E. nilssonii (58.8%) and P. nathusii (41.2%) were most frequently represented. For the sibling species M. mystacinus/M. brandtii no special habitat requirements were found, but the high frequency of their observations in all ranges of forest biotopes shows them as typical "forest". The dominance of E. nilssonii in spruce forests confirms that this species mainly uses semi-boreal coniferous forests in the Central Europe. The highest value of Shannon's biodiversity index was found in spruce forests of lower altitudes, Skolivski Beskydy NNP (H' = 1.616) and Syniohora NNP (H' = 1.627). Probably, coniferous forests at lower altitudes can be more favourable foraging biotopes for representatives of populations that are not topically associated with such forests: P. pygmaeus, P. pipistrellus, V. murinus, N. noctula. The observed level of nocturnal activity and species diversity of bats in spruce forests suggests that they may be important to their local populations. Coniferous monocultures can play an important role for local bat populations by acting as migratory corridors and foraging sites.
Speech Codes Theory Applied to Problematic Situations in Intercultural Communication A Six-Step Iterative Training Cycle
Authors: Chornet Daniel , Parr Bracey
Published: November 2023

In this article, we propose a six-step iterative training cycle for intercultural trainers and trainees to understand the cultural codes underlying conflict in intercultural communication. We offer this training cycle, grounded in speech codes theory and ethnographic research methods, as a complementary alternative to traditional prescriptive cultural values approaches. Speech codes theory is a descriptive theory that conceptualizes culture as a system of norms, premises, and symbols about communication that is shared by members of a given speech community. Further, we argue that a corollary of understanding speech codes through our six-step iterative training cycle is the development of emic intercultural communication competence and sensitivity.
Cultural Differences, Stereotypes and Communication Needs in Intercultural Communication in a Global Multicultural Environment The Employees’ Perspective
Authors: Gut Arkadiusz , Wilczewski Michał , Gorbaniuk Oleg
Published: November 2023

This study examines the personal opinions of Chinese employees working in a multicultural environment on the relationship between cultural diversity and the efficacy of their communication in a multicultural environment. To better understand the connection between cultural background and efficient business communication, we conducted a questionnaire survey in 2014 among 20 employees from a Chinese subsidiary of a European top global manufacturing company. Analyses showed that even if the respondents expressed negative effects of cultural differences on communication, they also manifested positive attitudes toward intercultural interactions. Moreover, ignoring or even disrespecting the different cultural values of interactants were regarded as basic barriers in intercultural communication, and such barriers can be avoided when a different cultural background is respected. Although cultural differences were considered to hinder the respondents’ performance and often to be a source of dissatisfaction, they did not discourage them from entering into intercultural communication.
Developing International Personas A new intercultural communication practice in globalized societies
Authors: Jensen Iben , Hautopp Heidi , Nielsen Lene , Madsen Sabine
Published: November 2023

Personas have become a popular method in new product development. Personas have traditionally, and are still, primarily created to represent users from a single national culture at a time during the design process. This, however, is unsatisfactory for companies operating on a global market as they show an increasing interest in international personas. However, research on personas in a global context is limited. To address this gap, this paper provides an overview of extant research on international personas. Secondly, it presents an empirical study on challenges Danish IT companies experience when using the persona method to collect and present insights about their international users. A key finding in both the literature review and the empirical study was the ambiguity concerning the concept of culture. Therefore, the paper draws on theories about culture, and especially practice theory, to discuss how challenges related to perceptions of culture and intercultural communication might be overcome when working with international personas. In particular, it is suggested that the persona method could benefit from creating narratives that focus more on the similar practices enacted by international users and less on perceived differences in national culture.
Minority Groups and Communication Apprehension An investigation of Kurdistan
Authors: Rahmani Diyako , Croucher Stephen M.
Published: November 2023

This study explores communication apprehension among the Iranian Kurdish minority group. Based on a sample of 157 self-administered surveys, the study investigates the relative communication apprehension (CA) score of Iranian Kurds and the influence of sex, age, and education on CA. Results revealed Kurds are relatively less apprehensive than many other cultures. It was also revealed that women have significantly higher levels of dyadic, public, and total CA. Moreover, all CA contexts (dyadic, groups, meeting, and public) and total CA tended to increase after grade 9 and decrease after completing high school. Age however, only had a modest effect on meeting CA. The findings propose higher levels of social encounters reduce the amount of CA among Kurds. Implications, limitations, and areas of future research are posited.
Turning Constructionist Intercultural Communicative Competence and Complex Systems Theory into Praxis
Authors: Strugielska Ariadna , Piątkowska Katarzyna
Published: November 2023

While approaches to intercultural communicative competence (ICC) view the phenomenon as a modular notion, recent studies emphasize its constructionist nature. Thus, in this exploratory article we analyze critically current perspectives on ICC and discuss the potential applicability of the theory of complex systems for research on ICC drawing from a constructionist perspective. In order to illustrate the perspective, we evoke research on developing ICC of European teacher trainees of English, non-native speakers of the language. The results of a qualitative analysis indicate that ICC meaning cannot be captured through models advocating either psychological or contextual reductionism. Instead, ICC requires an approach which reconciles the cognitive and the social through a complex systems perspective on the constructionist framework.
The Impact of Symbolic Culture on the Understanding of Visual Figuration in a Cross-Cultural Environment
Authors: Calzada-Pérez María
Published: November 2023

This paper focuses on the understanding of visual rhetorical figures as they appear in today’s globalized advertising. A sound theoretical model (i.e., Phillips and McQuarrie 2004) is first reviewed to select a good representative sampling (i.e., 9 advertisements) of the behaviour domain measured. Then, a population of 60 English language students are questioned regarding these 9 advertisements. This study uses a combined methodology, resorting to basic quantitative data to reveal qualitative findings. Our discussion supports prior research (Callister and Stern 2008: 148) indicating that culture is essential for image understanding in a cross-cultural environment and stands in opposition to those who act on the assumption that visuals are universal and therefore understandable in all cultures of the world (Levitt 1983).
A Monolithic “Dead End” or a “Hybrid Exit”? Cultural Hybrids Facing National Image Construction & Their Role in the History of Intercultural Communication
Authors: Dudek Agnieszka
Published: November 2023

Intercultural communication in the context of national construction is often associated exclusively with our era of globalization. But, in fact, it has been present for over 150 years, in reference to multi-ethnic regions, in particular. Therefore, the paper goes back to the origins of cultural hybridity as a historical and intercultural phenomenon, facing the emergence of national image construction, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the nature of intercultural communication and thus shed new light on our socio-cultural problems, with national and post-national backgrounds. The analysis is on one hand focused on Central European borderland, namely Austrian-Silesia, as a crown land of the Habsburg Monarchy, at the end of 19th century, and on the other, based on theories by Homi Bhabha, Wolfgang Welsch, Jan Nederveen Pieterse, Martin Buber, Benedict Anderson or Miroslav Hroch.[1]
you have to face the fact that you're a foreigner: Immigrants’ Lived Experience of Communication and Negotiation Position Toward their Employer in Iceland
Authors: Kristjansdottir Erla S. , Christiansen Thora
Published: November 2023

There is a growing need for highly skilled employees in the Icelandic labor market which will increasingly need to be filled by highly skilled immigrants. Despite offering knowledge and skills that are in demand, there are indications that these immigrants are facing barriers when it comes to compensation, opportunities and promotions. The study seeks to explore how highly skilled immigrants in Iceland experience their negotiation opportunities, their negotiation position and communication with their employers. Twelve in-depth interviews were conducted with immigrants from other European countries. The interviews were analyzed and interpreted according to phenomenological methodology. Four themes emerged in respondents’ perception; Icelandic, “accent free,” “you have to face the fact that you´re a foreigner…” “everybody has this little kind of kingdom…” and feeling of never being good enough.
Reel Life Methodology Developing intercultural competence through film fragments and dialogue in South Africa
Authors: Björk Eva Lambertsson , Eschenbach Jutta , Webb Lynette
Published: November 2023

South Africa is a multicultural country; however, the politics of the past have resulted in teachers from diverse cultures being ignorant of the mores of others with whom they interact. Teachers thus risk transferring preconceived knowledge and attitudes into the classroom. The aim of this study was to explore to what extent the methodology of Reel Life can promote the development of intercultural competence among South African teachers. Film fragments were used to stimulate intercultural dialogue, and an environment was created in which teachers from different cultures could share their culture knowledge and begin to develop intercultural competence. Our results show that the teachers were able to shift their frames of reference in a movement between ethnic positions and a shared perspective of them all being South African.
Terror at Home On the Rhetoric of Domestic Violence Legislation in the United Kingdom and Spain
Authors: Llopis María Ángeles Orts
Published: November 2023

The present study analyses two Parliamentary Acts on the subject of domestic violence: the Spanish Organic Law 1/2004 on Comprehensive Protection Measures against Gender Violence and the Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 from the United Kingdom. The analysis of the texts (organised into two corpora, SPA and UKA respectively) was carried out in three different stages, the first one consisting in the automatic processing of the two texts using Monoconc. After doing so, the lexical component of the two corpora was examined on a superficial level, followed by a discursive analysis of the macrostructural organization of both legal texts. The third stage of analysis focused upon the number and types of metadiscourse markers, capable of unveiling interpersonal relationships in both corpora. These three different but complementary levels of analysis have led us to conclude that the Acts represent different stances from which the subject of domestic violence is envisaged in the Spanish and English contexts. Both legal texts display specific traits that pertain to the different legal cultures these legal instruments arise from. Additionally, such traits reflect rhetorical and cultural dissimilarities in the way in which domestic terror is fought and offer clues for the translation of these Acts.
"He Will Take Care of our Security Better than Her" Examining Socio-Cultural Conceptions of Gender in Israeli and American Press Coverage of Female Candidates for Top Political Positions, 2008-2009
Authors: Greenwald Gilad , Lehman-Wilzig Sam
Published: November 2023

This study argues that distinct differences between two cultures and two political campaigns, may result in different press coverage of women running for leadership positions. To demonstrate this, we undertook a content analysis of Tzipi Livni’s and Hillary Clinton's 2008-2009 campaigns in four Israeli and American popular and elite newspapers, examining coverage of nine gender-oriented media frameworks. We found that while the press in both countries strongly emphasized gender-oriented elements in covering the two leaders, the Israeli press was significantly more gender-biased, particularly due to military and religious influences. Additionally, the popular newspapers in both countries were more gender-biased than the elite newspapers, especially in "sensationally" highlighting candidates' sexuality and appearance.
American and Finnish College Students’ Traits and Interactions with Their Instructors
Authors: Mansson Daniel H. , Croucher Stephen
Published: November 2023

This cross-cultural investigation sought to compare American and Finnish university students’ communication and personality traits (i.e., argumentativeness, assertiveness, Machiavellianism, and verbal aggressiveness) as well as out-of-class communication with their instructors. American (N = 286) and Finnish (N = 113) university students completed several self-report measures. The results of a MANOVA, an independent samples t-test, Pearson correlational analyses, and Fisher’s z tests revealed significant cultural differences, although the relationships between students’ traits and their out-of-class communication with instructors remained relatively similar in both samples.
The impact of individualism-collectivism orientation and communal orientation on employees’ attitudes toward intercultural communication The case of Chinese employees in an MNC
Authors: Wilczewski Michał , Gut Arkadiusz , Gorbaniuk Oleg
Published: November 2023

This study explored relationships between an individualism-collectivism orientation as well as communal orientation and the perceptions of Chinese employees (n = 20) from an MNC of intercultural communication. On the basis of previous research, we hypothesised that this group of employees would display a tendency to focus their attention on the actions, knowledge and needs of their co-workers. To verify this hypothesis, the employees were surveyed in a Chinese subsidiary of a European top manufacturing company. We administered Individualism and Collectivism Scale, Communal Orientation Scale and an original questionnaire survey collecting data about participants’ opinions of cultural diversity, communication problems, and stereotypes in intercultural interactions. A correlation analysis showed that although collectivists expressed positive attitudes to cultural diversity, they accentuated a need for respecting their own cultural values. Both collectivists and communally-oriented employees were not emotionally involved in communication with co-workers from other cultures. Whilst collectivism was moderately associated with focusing on norms at a workplace, communal orientation was proven to be related to maintaining and regulating relationships within a professional group.
Intercultural Sensitivity A Study of Pre-service English Language Teachers
Authors: Altan Mustafa Zülküf
Published: November 2023

Since societies develop mutual aims and different societies perpetuate developing long-term economic, social and cultural relationships with other cultural groups and the global instability continues hitting the world, developing intercultural sensitivity becomes more and more important at all levels of the education, especially for those who will teach other languages.
One of the major aspects of intercultural communication competence is intercultural sensitivity which has been gaining increasing attention in different disciplines. This paper focuses on the importance of intercultural sensitivity and shares the results of a study on the intercultural sensitivity of Turkish ELT major (English Language Teaching) pre-service teachers. For this purpose, 70 senior ELT major pre-service teachers completed an instrument comprising 5 factors with 24 items developed by Chen and Starosta (2000) for measuring intercultural sensitivity.
Migrant Perceptions of Social Media
Authors: Callahan Clark , Robinson Thomas , Trachmann Kari-Ann
Published: November 2023

New media are changing the way identities are managed. This is increasingly relevant to global communication (Lévy, 2000). The purpose of this article is to understand how these changes effect individual perceptions of media within a new cultural environment. By applying Q-methodology to cultural migration, this research asked cultural sojourners to rank subjective statements of media. Factor analysis were applied to the rankings, which provided three main perspectives of media.. These three perspectives include Instrumental Adaptors, Social Connectors, and Abiders. These perspectives provide an alternative to traditional categories of culture and allow for a unique understanding of cultural adaptation theory.
Politeness Strategies in Remindings A Cross-cultural Study of Iranian EFL learners and Americans
Authors: Farnia Maryam , Yazdani Elham
Published: November 2023

This cross-cultural study examines the speech act of reminding by Iranian English learners and American English native speakers. The primary objective is to study how Iranian EFL learners perform much understudied speech act of reminding in English. To this end, the participants are selected from Iranian learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and American English native speakers through an open-ended questionnaire in the form of a Discourse Completion Task (DCT).The collected data are then analyzed based on a framework adopted from Peterson’s (2012) study of speech act of reminding. The findings show that whereas English native speakers utilize more indirect strategies in reminding their interlocutors to cope with the required activity, EFL learners tend to use direct strategies more frequently.
ESL Learners’ Intercultural Competence, L2 Attitudes and WEB 2.0 use in American Culture
Authors: Vuksanovic Jelena
Published: November 2023

This study explores ESL learners’ intercultural communication, L2 attitudes, and their relationship to the use of Web 2.0 tools and technology. Survey responses were obtained from 24 intermediate ESL speakers living in the United States. The results reveal there is low correlation between learners’ intercultural communicative competence (ICC) and use of technology. However, the correlation is stronger for learners’ ICC and L2 attitudes. Although the findings in this study are not statistically significant, they indicate that there is potential for further investigating the variables at hand. Additionally, it is argued that intercultural competence should be made a part of the ESL classes, and that learners’ attitudes are imperative when it comes to interacting with people from other cultures.
Functions of Frequently Used Back Channels in a Corpus of Intercultural Conversations between Hong Kong Chinese (HKC) and native English Speakers (NES)
Authors: Wan Jenny Yau-ni
Published: November 2023

In conversation, two channels operate simultaneously. Yngve (1970) refers that the ‘main’ channel is that through which the speaker sends messages, whereas the ‘back’ channel, such as okay, mm is that over which the listener offers response without claiming the speakership. Back channels are particular to languages and cultures. The present study aims to examine the naturally occurring conversations between Hong Kong Chinese (HKC) and native English speakers (NES) and to investigate how these culturally divergent participants manage to use different back channels. Two important taxonomies that describe variations in cultural patterns in the present study are Hofstede’s cultural differences and Hall’s high-context and low-context cultures. The results reveal that NES use more newsmarkers, change-of-activity tokens and markers of dispreference than HKC; while HKC use more continuers and acknowledgement back channels. The present study hopes to develop better culturally specific discourse strategies in intercultural encounters.