bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variation in HSD17B13 Reduces the Risk of Developing Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Alcohol Misusers
Authors: Stickel Felix , Lutz Philipp , Buch Stephan , Nischalke Hans Dieter , Silva Ines , Rausch Vanessa , Fischer Janett , Weiss Karl Heinz , Gotthardt Daniel , Rosendahl Jonas , Marot Astrid , Elamly Mona , Krawczyk Marcin , Casper Markus , Lammert Frank , Buckley Thomas W. M. , McQuillin Andrew , Spengler Ulrich , Eyer Florian , Vogel Arndt , Marhenke Silke , von Felden Johann , Wege Henning , Sharma Rohini , Atkinson Stephen , Franke Andre , Nehring Sophie , Moser Vincent , Schafmayer Clemens , Spahr Laurent , Lackner Carolin , Stauber Rudolf E. , Canbay Ali , Link Alexander , Valenti Luca , Grove Jane I. , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Marquardt Jens U. , Fateen Waleed , Zopf Steffen , Dufour Jean‐Francois , Trebicka Jonel , Datz Christian , Deltenre Pierre , Mueller Sebastian , Berg Thomas , Hampe Jochen , Morgan Marsha Y.
Published: October 2019

Background and Aims

Carriage of rs738409:G in patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) is associated with an increased risk for developing alcohol‐related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, rs72613567:TA in hydroxysteroid 17‐beta dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) was shown to be associated with a reduced risk for developing alcohol‐related liver disease and to attenuate the risk associated with carriage of PNPLA3 rs738409:G. This study explores the risk associations between these two genetic variants and the development of alcohol‐related cirrhosis and HCC.

Approach and Results

Variants in HSD17B13 and PNPLA3 were genotyped in 6,171 participants, including 1,031 with alcohol‐related cirrhosis and HCC, 1,653 with alcohol‐related cirrhosis without HCC, 2,588 alcohol misusers with no liver disease, and 899 healthy controls. Genetic associations with the risks for developing alcohol‐related cirrhosis and HCC were determined using logistic regression analysis. Carriage of HSD17B13 rs72613567:TA was associated with a lower risk for developing both cirrhosis (odds ratio [OR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72‐0.88; P = 8.13 × 10−6) and HCC (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.68‐0.89; P = 2.27 × 10−4), whereas carriage of PNPLA3 rs738409:G was associated with an increased risk for developing cirrhosis (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.54‐1.88; P = 1.52 × 10−26) and HCC (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.58‐1.98; P = 2.31 × 10−23). These associations remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, type 2 diabetes, and country. Carriage of HSD17B13 rs72613567:TA attenuated the risk for developing cirrhosis associated with PNPLA3 rs738409:G in both men and women, but the protective effect against the subsequent development of HCC was only observed in men (ORallelic, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.64‐0.87; P = 1.72 × 10−4).

Conclusions

Carriage of variants in PNPLA3 and HSD17B13 differentially affect the risk for developing advanced alcohol‐related liver disease. A genotypic/phenotypic risk score might facilitate earlier diagnosis of HCC in this population.
Influence of landscape and hydrological factors on stream–air temperature relationships at regional scale
Authors: Beaufort Aurélien , Moatar Florentina , Sauquet Eric , Loicq Pierre , Hannah David M.
Published: October 2019

Identifying the main controlling factors of the stream temperature (Tw) variability is important to target streams sensitive to climate and other drivers of change. The thermal sensitivity (TS), based on relationship between air temperature (Ta) and Tw, of a given stream can be used for quantifying the streams sensitivity to future climate change. This study aims to compare TS for a wide range of temperate streams located within a large French catchment (110,000 km2) using 4 years of hourly data (2008–2012) and to cluster stations sharing similar thermal variabilities and thereby identify environmental key drivers that modify TS at the regional scale. Two successive classifications were carried out: (a) first based on Ta–Tw relationship metrics including TS and (b) second to establish a link between a selection of environmental variables and clusters of stations. Based on weekly Ta–Tw relationships, the first classification identified four thermal regimes with differing annual Tw in terms of magnitude and amplitudes in comparison with Ta. The second classification, based on classification and regression tree method, succeeded to link each thermal regime to different environmental controlling factors. Streams influenced by both groundwater inflows and shading are the most moderated with the lowest TS and an annual amplitude of Tw around half of the annual amplitude of Ta. Inversely, stations located on large streams with a high distance from source and not (or slightly) influenced by groundwater inflows nor shading showed the highest TS, and so, they are very climate sensitive. These findings have implications for guiding river basin managers and other stakeholders in implementing thermal moderation measures in the context of a warming climate and global change.
Benserazide is a novel inhibitor targeting PKM2 for melanoma treatment
Authors: Zhou Youyou , Huang Zunnan , Su Juan , Li Jie , Zhao Shuang , Wu Lisha , Zhang JiangLing , He Yijing , Zhang Guigui , Tao Juan , Zhou Jianda , Chen Xiang , Peng Cong
Published: October 2019

The M2 splice isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) is a key enzyme for generating pyruvate and ATP in the glycolytic pathway, whereas the role of PKM2 in tumorigenesis remains a subject of debate. In our study, we found PKM2 is highly expressed in melanoma patients and the malignance is positively correlated with high PKM2 activity and glycolytic capability in melanoma cells. Suppression of PKM2 expression by knocking down markedly attenuated malignant phenotype both in vitro and in vivo, and restoration of PKM2 expression in PKM2 depleted cells could rescue melanoma cells proliferation, invasion and metastasis. With the data indicating PKM2 as a potential therapeutic target, we performed screening for PKM2 inhibitors and identified benserazide (Ben), a drug currently in clinical use. We demonstrated that Ben directly binds to and blocks PKM2 enzyme activity, leading to inhibition of aerobic glycolysis concurrent up‐regulation of OXPHOS. Of note, despite PKM2 is very similar to PKM1, Ben does not affect PKM1 enzyme activity. We showed that Ben significantly inhibits cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo. The specificity of Ben was demonstrated by the findings that, suppression of PKM2 expression diminishes the efficacy of Ben in inhibition of melanoma cell growth; ectopic PKM2 expression in normal cells sensitizes cells to Ben treatment. Interestingly, PKM2 activity and aerobic glycolysis are upregulated in BRAFi‐resistant melanoma cells. As a result, BRAFi‐resistant cells exhibit heightened sensitivity to suppression of PKM2 expression or treatment with Ben both in vitro and in vivo.
Testicular sarcoidosis with bilateral scrotal swelling
Authors: Kimura Shoichi , Momozono Kosuke , Shimamatsu Kazuhide , Noguchi Masanori
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Sarcoidosis is a disease in which noncaseating granulomas form in several organs, particularly in the lungs and skin. Male genitourinary involvement in sarcoidosis is uncommon.

Case presentation

A 32‐year‐old male with painless bilateral scrotal swelling who was diagnosed with lung sarcoidosis presented to our hospital. Serum tumor marker levels were normal. Scattered hypoechoic mass lesions in both testes were noted on ultrasound examination. Biopsy of both testes revealed pathologically noncaseating epithelioid cell granuloma, and perihilar lymphadenopathy and a granulomatous lung nodule were found on chest computed tomography. Semen examination was performed after the biopsy, demonstrating oligospermia. A corticosteroid regimen was administered. After treatment, no abnormal accumulation in both testes was observed on gallium‐67 scintigraphy, and semen examination demonstrated the mild improvement of the sperm count.

Conclusion

Treatments for testicular sarcoidosis vary, and malignancy and fertility must be considered.
More Frequent Premature Antibiotic Discontinuations and Acute Kidney Injury in the Outpatient Setting With Vancomycin Compared to Daptomycin
Authors: Tuerff Daniel , Nunez Marina
Published: October 2019

Vancomycin and daptomycin are often used in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy for gram‐positive coverage. Vancomycin's narrow therapeutic window poses challenges. We retrospectively assessed acute kidney injury (AKI) and other adverse drug events in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy patients receiving vancomycin or daptomycin at home after hospital discharge. Among 191 patients included, AKI was the most common adverse drug event. Early antibiotic discontinuation and AKI were more frequent in the vancomycin group. Vancomycin use (odds ratio [OR], 4.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02‐20.51); p = 0.04], female sex (OR, 3.28; 95%CI, 1.41‐7.67; P < .01), and longer hospitalization (OR, 1.06; 95%CI, 1.01‐1.11; P = .02] independently predicted moderate‐to‐severe AKI. In the vancomycin group, trough concentrations increased after discharge, and were higher in female compared to male patients, and in those who developed moderate‐to‐severe AKI compared to those who did not. Female sex (OR, 8.37; 95%CI, 2.35‐29.82; P < .01) and higher concentrations (OR, 1.12; 95%CI, 1.05‐1.19; P < .01) predicted moderate‐to‐severe AKI in patients receiving vancomycin. In conclusion, premature antibiotic discontinuations and nephrotoxicity are more frequent in patients treated at home with vancomycin compared to daptomycin. Among patients receiving vancomycin, plasma concentrations increased after hospital discharge and predicted moderate‐to‐severe AKI. Women had higher vancomycin concentrations and higher risk for AKI.
Exerting Self‐Control ≠ Sacrificing Pleasure
Authors: Vosgerau Joachim , Scopelliti Irene , Huh Young Eun
Published: October 2019

Self‐control is a prominent topic in consumer research, where it is often conceptualized as the abstinence from hedonic consumption. We examine whether this conceptualization accurately captures consumers’ experiences of self‐control conflicts/failures in light of seminal self‐control theories in economics and psychology. Rejecting that notion, we argue that self‐control failures are choices in violation of superordinate long‐term goals accompanied by anticipated regret, rather than choices of hedonic over utilitarian consumption. This conceptualization has important methodological, theoretical, and practical implications. Methodologically, it highlights the need for experimental paradigms with higher construct validity. Theoretically, it helps elucidate how self‐control is distinct from impatience and self‐regulation. Practically, it provides a rich set of implications for deducing interventions on the individual and public policy level to help consumers exert self‐control.
Development of barium‐based low viscosity contrast agents for micro CT vascular casting: Application to 3D visualization of the adult mouse cerebrovasculature
Authors: Hong Sung‐Ha , Herman Alexander M. , Stephenson Jessica M. , Wu Ting , Bahadur Ali N. , Burns Alan R. , Marrelli Sean P. , Wythe Joshua D.
Published: October 2019

Recent advances in three‐dimensional (3D) fluorescence microscopy offer the ability to image the entire vascular network in entire organs, or even whole animals. However, these imaging modalities rely on either endogenous fluorescent reporters or involved immunohistochemistry protocols, as well as optical clearing of the tissue and refractive index matching. Conversely, X‐ray‐based 3D imaging modalities, such as micro CT, can image non‐transparent samples, at high resolution, without requiring complicated or expensive immunolabeling and clearing protocols, or fluorescent reporters. Here, we compared two “homemade” barium‐based contrast agents to the field standard, lead‐containing Microfil, for micro‐computed tomography (micro CT) imaging of the adult mouse cerebrovasculature. The perfusion pressure required for uniform vessel filling was significantly lower with the barium‐based contrast agents compared to the polymer‐based Microfil. Accordingly, the barium agents showed no evidence of vascular distension or rupture, common problems associated with Microfil. Compellingly, perfusion of an aqueous BaCl2/gelatin mixture yielded equal or superior visualization of the cerebrovasculature by micro CT compared to Microfil. However, phosphate‐containing buffers and fixatives were incompatible with BaCl2 due to the formation of unwanted precipitates. X‐ray attenuation of the vessels also decreased overtime, as the BaCl2 appeared to gradually diffuse into surrounding tissues. A second, unique formulation composed of BaSO4 microparticles, generated in‐house by mixing BaCl2 and MgSO4, suffered none of these drawbacks. These microparticles, however, were unable to pass small diameter capillary vessels, conveniently labeling only the arterial cerebrovasculature. In summary, we present an affordable, robust, low pressure, non‐toxic, and straightforward methodology for 3D visualization of the cerebrovasculature.
Canopy reflectance, stalk sugar and juice yields in specialty corn hybrids as affected by nitrogen management strategies
Authors: Ma Baoluo  , Zheng Zhiming M
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

The newly developed sugarcorn is conceived for dual‐purpose use as a potential biofuel feedstock and a high‐energy silage crop. Its agronomic traits are, however, not fully appraised under the umbrella of nitrogen (N) management and with canopy reflectance indicator. A 3‐year field study was conducted to examine the responses of silage biomass, stalk sugar concentration, sugar and juice yields to various N applications; and determine the quantitative relationships between canopy reflectance, expressed as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and stalk sucrose or other sugar measures in a dual‐purpose sugarcorn (cv. ‘CO384xC103’), in comparison with a commercial leafy silage‐specific hybrid (cv. ‘Pride A5892G3 EDF’).

RESULTS

The moderate N rate, 125 kg ha−1, produced similar stalk sucrose, silage and grain yields, compared to the high rate (250 kg N ha−1), regardless of application methods. The NDVI signatures measured at the V8–V10 stage exhibited significant (P < 0.01) and exponential relationships with stalk sucrose concentrations, sucrose and juice yields at the R3 stage, and with silage yield at approximately 65% whole‐plant moisture, the optimum silage‐harvest window.

CONCLUSION

The results indicate that the moderate N rate, 125 kg ha−1, which is recommended for conventional grain corn production in the region, was likely close to the economic optimum N rate for leafy silage‐specific and sugarcorn. Canopy reflectance, measured at the early growth stages, can be used as a potential indicator of sugar and silage production, and this quantitative relationship necessitates further evaluation with more genotypes and under wide environmental conditions. © 2019 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada
Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison and application of two microextractions based on syringe membrane filter
Authors: Chen Xuan , Zhang Yanqin , Li Zhuoyi , Bai Xiaohong , Hu Shuang , Wang Runqin , Yang Li , Zhang Yifang , Tie Dan
Published: October 2019

Two proposed syringe membrane filter solid phase microextraction and syringe membrane filter liquid/solid phase microextraction, coupled separately with high performance liquid chromatography, were developed for simultaneous enrichment and determination of the trace level of flavonoids in traditional Chinese medicine. In syringe membrane filter solid phase microextraction, the membrane of syringe membrane filter was served as a solid adsorption film to adsorb target analytes. And in syringe membrane filter liquid/solid phase microextraction, the membrane of syringe membrane filter was used as not only an adsorption phase, but also as a holder of extraction solvent to realize liquid‐solid synergistic extraction. The simple operation, rapid extraction, and little or no organic solvent consumption make the two approaches very interesting. To evaluate the two proposed approaches, the crucial parameters affecting the enrichment factors of target analytes were investigated and optimized, and the two microextractions were intercompared. Moreover, their microextraction mechanisms were analyzed and described. Under the optimized conditions, both the new approaches achieved good linearities, accuracies, precisions, and low limits of detection, and the two methods were successfully applied for concentration of the flavonoids in traditional Chinese medicines.
Comparative value and determinants of suitability of outcome measures in treated chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Rajabally Yusuf A. , Ghasemi Majid
Published: October 2019

Introduction

The comparative value and suitability of outcome measures are uncertain in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).

Methods

We studied 35 patients with CIDP using the Overall Neuropathy Limitation Scale (ONLS), the inflammatory Rasch‐built Overall Disability Scale (I‐RODS), and the Medical Research Council Sum Score (MRCSS).

Results

Significant associations were determined between initial deficit and ONLS score (P = .002) and MRCSS improvement (P = .001) but not I‐RODS score. A strong inverse correlation was observed between disease duration and I‐RODS score(P = .002) but not ONLS/MRCSS improvement. A strong association was observed between age ≤ 40 years and I‐RODS score (P = .001) but not ONLS/MRCSS improvement. When minimum important differences were used, ONLS and I‐RODS sensitivities were comparable (P = .19).

Discussion

Overall Neuropathy Limitation Scale and I‐RODS are equally sensitive in identifying change. Ease of administration, better ability to detect improvement in severe disease, and greater amplitude responses throughout the disease and in older patients favor the ONLS. The I‐RODS appears more useful in early disease/younger patients.
Improving solve time of aggregation‐based adaptive AMG
Authors: D'Ambra Pasqua , Vassilevski Panayot S.
Published: October 2019

This paper proposes improving the solve time of a bootstrap algebraic multigrid (AMG) designed previously by the authors. This is achieved by incorporating the information, a set of algebraically smooth vectors, generated by the bootstrap algorithm, in a single hierarchy by using sufficiently large aggregates, and these aggregates are compositions of aggregates already built throughout the bootstrap algorithm. The modified AMG method has good convergence properties and shows significant reduction in both memory and solve time. These savings with respect to the original bootstrap AMG are illustrated on some difficult (for standard AMG) linear systems arising from discretization of scalar and vector function elliptic partial differential equations in both 2D and 3D.
Differential Riccati equation‐based adaptive stabilization for switched linear systems
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Li Le , Cai Bo , Zhang Lixian
Published: October 2019

In this paper, a novel adaptive control design is proposed to stabilize a class of switched linear systems with parametric uncertainties and disturbances. In particular, a family of differential Riccati equations that holds for the finite switching intervals are established, of which the closed‐form solutions are exploited to develop the Lyapunov function for the closed‐loop system. This Lyapunov function is imposed to be decreasing at and between two arbitrary switching instants by solving a group of matrix inequalities, based on which the adaptive controllers for switched linear system with and without disturbances are proposed, respectively. In the nondisturbed setting, asymptotic stability of the adaptive switched linear system is achieved, while the system is bounded in a mean square sense in the disturbed setting. A numerical example of flight control for F4E fighter aircraft is used to illustrate the proposed adaptive control methodology.
Light Generation in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: LEDs, Color Converters, Lasers, and Other Applications
Authors: Yan Fei , Tan Swee Tiam , Li Xiao , Demir Hilmi Volkan
Published: October 2019

Facile solution processing lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP‐NCs) exhibit superior properties in light generation, including a wide color gamut, a high flexibility for tuning emissive wavelengths, a great defect tolerance and resulting high quantum yield; and intriguing electric feature of ambipolar transport with moderate and comparable mobility. As a result, LHP‐NCs have accomplished great achievements in various light generation applications, including color converters for lighting and display, light‐emitting diodes, low threshold lasing, X‐ray scintillators, and single photon emitters. Herein, the considerable progress that has been made thus far is reviewed along with the current challenges and future prospects in the light generation applications of LHP‐NCs.
The Maxwell group in 2+1 dimensions and its infinite-dimensional enhancements
Authors: Salgado-Rebolledo Patricio
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The Maxwell group in 2+1 dimensions is given by a particular extension of a semi-direct product. This mathematical structure provides a sound framework to study different generalizations of the Maxwell symmetry in three space-time dimensions. By giving a general definition of extended semi-direct products, we construct infinite-dimensional enhancements of the Maxwell group that enlarge the ISL(2, ℝ) Kac-Moody group and the$$ {\hat{\mathrm{BMS}}}_3 $$BMŜ3group by including non-commutative supertranslations. The coadjoint representation in each case is defined, and the corresponding geometric actions on coadjoint orbits are presented. These actions lead to novel Wess-Zumino terms that naturally realize the aforementioned infinite-dimensional symmetries. We briefly elaborate on potential applications in the contexts of three-dimensional gravity, higher-spin symmetries, and quantum Hall systems.
Microscopic origin of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of supersymmetric AdS5 black holes
Authors: Cabo-Bizet Alejandro , Cassani Davide , Martelli Dario , Murthy Sameer
Published: October 2019

We present a holographic derivation of the entropy of supersymmetric asymp­totically AdS5 black holes. We define a BPS limit of black hole thermodynamics by first focussing on a supersymmetric family of complexified solutions and then reaching extremality. We show that in this limit the black hole entropy is the Legendre transform of the on-shell gravitational action with respect to three chemical potentials subject toa con­straint. This constraint follows from supersymmetry and regularity in the Euclidean bulk geometry. Further, we calculate, using localization, the exact partition function of the dual

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 1 SCFT on a twisted S
1 × S
3 with complexified chemical potentials obeying this constraint. This defines a generalization of the supersymmetric Casimir energy, whose Legendre transform at large N exactly reproduces the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the black hole.
Diffusion and universal relaxation of holographic phonons
Authors: Amoretti Andrea , Aréan Daniel , Goutéraux Blaise , Musso Daniele
Published: October 2019

Abstract

In phases where translations are spontaneously broken, new gapless degrees of freedom appear in the low energy spectrum (the phonons). At long wavelengths, they couple to small fluctuations of the conserved densities of the system. This mixing is captured by new diffusive transport coefficients, as well as qualitatively different collective modes, such as shear sound modes. We use Gauge/Gravity duality to model such phases and analytically compute the corresponding diffusivities in terms of data of the dual background black hole solution. In holographic quantum critical low temperature phases, we show that these diffusivities are governed by universal relaxation of the phonons into the heat current when the dynamical critical exponent z > 2. Finally, we compute the spectrum of transverse collective modes and show that their dispersion relation matches the dispersion relation of the shear sound modes of the hydrodynamic theory of crystalline solids.
Transverse parton distribution and fragmentation functions at NNLO: the quark case
Authors: Luo Ming-Xing , Wang Xing , Xu Xiaofeng , Yang Li Lin , Yang Tong-Zhi , Zhu Hua Xing
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We revisit the calculation of perturbative quark transverse momentum de- pendent parton distribution functions and fragmentation functions using the exponential regulator for rapidity divergences. We show that the exponential regulator provides a consistent framework for the calculation of various ingredients in transverse momentum dependent factorization. Compared to existing regulators in the literature, the exponential regulator has a couple of advantages which we explain in detail. As a result, the calcula- tion is greatly simplified and we are able to obtain the next-to-next-to-leading order results up to O(E
2) in dimensional regularization. These terms are necessary for a higher order calculation which is made possible with the simplification brought by the new regulator. As a by-product, we have obtained the two-loop quark jet function for the Energy-Energy Correlator in the back-to-back limit, which is the last missing ingredient for its N3LL resummation.
3D dualities and supersymmetry enhancement from domain walls
Authors: Roček Martin , Roumpedakis Konstantinos , Seifnashri Sahand
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We test recently proposed IR dualities and supersymmetry enhancement by studying the supersymmetry on domain walls. In the SU(3) Wess-Zumino model studied in [1, 2], we show that domain walls exhibit supersymmetry enhancement. This model was conjectured to be dual to an

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 abelian gauge theory. We show that domain walls on the gauge theory side are consistent with the proposed duality, as they are described by the same effective theory on the wall. In [3], a third model was conjectured to be dual to the same IR theory. We study the phases and domain walls of this model and we show that they also agree. We then consider the analogous SU(5) Wess-Zumino model, and study its mass deformations and phases. We argue that even though one might expect supersymmetry enhancement in this model as well, the analysis of its domain walls shows that there is none. Finally, we study the

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 model in [4] which was conjectured to have

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 supersymmetry in the IR. In this case we don't see the supersymmetry enhancement on the domain wall; however, we argue that half-BPS domain walls of the

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 algebra are quarter-BPS of the

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 algebra. This is then in agreement with the conjectured enhancement, even though it does not show that it takes place.
Charged particle production rate from cosmic censorship in dilaton black hole spacetimes
Authors: Ong Yen Chin , Yao Yuan
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Hiscock and Weems showed that under Hawking evaporation, an isolated asymptotically flat Reissner-Nordström (RN) black hole evolves in a surprising manner: if it starts with a relatively small value of charge-to-mass ratio Q/M, then said value will temporarily increase along its evolutionary path, before finally decreases towards zero. This contrasts with highly charged ones that simply radiate away its charge steadily. The combination of these two effects is the cosmic censor at work: there exists an attractor that flows towards the Schwazschild limit, which ensures that extremality — and hence naked singularity — can never be reached under Hawking evaporation. We apply the scheme of Hiscock and Weems to model the evaporation of an asymptotically flat dilatonic charge black hole known as the Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger (GHS) black hole. We found that upholding the cosmic censorship requires us to modify the charged particle production rate, which remarkably agrees with the expression obtained independently via direct computation of charged particle production rate on curved spacetime background. This not only strengthens the case for cosmic censorship, but also provides an example in which cosmic censorship can be a useful principle to deduce other physics. We also found that the attractor behavior is not necessarily related to the specific heat, contrary to the claim by Hiscock and Weems.
Firewalls vs. scrambling
Authors: Yoshida Beni
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Recently we pointed out that the black hole interior operators can be reconstructed by using the Hayden-Preskill recovery protocols. Building on this observation, we propose a resolution of the firewall problem by presenting a state-independent reconstruction of interior operators. Our construction avoids the non-locality problem which plagued the “A = R

B
” or “ER = EPR” proposals. We show that the gravitational backreaction by the infalling observer, who simply falls into a black hole, disentangles the outgoing mode from the early radiation. The infalling observer crosses the horizon smoothly and sees quantum entanglement between the outgoing mode and the interior mode which is distinct from the originally entangled qubit in the early radiation. Namely, quantum operation on the early radiation cannot influence the experience of the infalling observer since description of the interior mode does not involve the early radiation at all. We also argue that verification of quantum entanglement by the outside observer does not create a firewall. Instead it will perform the Hayden-Preskill recovery which saves an infalling observer from crossing the horizon.
H + 1 jet production revisited
Authors: Campbell John M. , Ellis R. Keith , Seth Satyajit
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We revisit the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) calculation of the Higgs boson+1 jet production process, calculated in the mt → ∞ effective field theory. We perform a detailed comparison of the result calculated using the jettiness slicing method, with published results obtained using subtraction methods. The results of the jettiness calculation agree with the two previous subtraction calculations at benchmark points. The performance of the jettiness slicing approach is greatly improved by adopting a definition of 1-jettiness that accounts for the boost of the Born system. Nevertheless, the results demonstrate that power corrections in the jettiness slicing method remain significant. At large transverse momentum the effect of power corrections is much reduced, as expected.
Cosmic branes and asymptotic structure
Authors: Capone F. , Taylor M.
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Superrotations of asymptotically flat spacetimes in four dimensions can be interpreted in terms of including cosmic strings within the phase space of allowed solutions. In this paper we explore the implications of the inclusion of cosmic branes on the asymptotic structure of vacuum spacetimes in dimension d > 4. We first show that only cosmic (d − 3)- branes are Riemann flat in the neighbourhood of the brane, and therefore only branes of such dimension passing through the celestial sphere can respect asymptotic local flatness. We derive the asymptotically locally flat boundary conditions associated with including cosmic branes in the phase space of solutions. We find the asymptotic expansion of vacuum spacetimes in d = 5 with such boundary conditions; the expansion is polyhomogenous, with logarithmic terms arising at subleading orders in the expansion. The asymptotically locally flat boundary conditions identified here are associated with an extended asymptotic symmetry group, which may be relevant to soft scattering theorems and memory effects.
Dynamics near a first order phase transition
Authors: Bellantuono Loredana , Janik Romuald A. , Jankowski Jakub , Soltanpanahi Hesam
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We study various dynamical aspects of systems possessing a first order phase transition in their phase diagram. We isolate three qualitatively distinct types of theories depending on the structure of instabilities and the nature of the low temperature phase. The non-equilibrium dynamics is modeled by a dual gravitational theory in 3+1 dimension which is coupled to massive scalar field with self-interacting potential. By numerically solving the Einstein-matter equations of motion with various initial configurations, we investigate the structure of the final state arising through coalescence of phase domains. We find that static phase domains, even quite narrow are very long lived and we find a phenomenological equation for their lifetime. Within our framework we also analyze moving phase domains and their collision as well as the effects of spinodal instability and dynamical instability on an expanding boost invariant plasma.
The two faces of T-branes
Authors: Bena Iosif , Blåbäck Johan , Savelli Raffaele , Zoccarato Gianluca
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We establish a brane-brane duality connecting T-branes to collections of ordinary D-branes. T-branes are intrinsically non-Abelian brane configurations with worldvolume flux, whereas their duals consist of Abelian brane systems that encode the T-brane data in their curvature. We argue that the new Abelian picture provides a reliable description of T-branes when their non-Abelian fields have large expectation values in string units. To confirm this duality, we match the energy density and all the electromagnetic couplings on both sides. A key step in this derivation is a non-trivial factorization of the symmetrized-trace non-Abelian Dirac-Born-Infeld action when evaluated on solutions of the α′ -corrected Hitchin system.
Self-similar solutions and critical behavior in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory sourced by charged null fluids
Authors: Aniceto Pedro , Rocha Jorge V.
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We investigate continuously self-similar solutions of four-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory supported by charged null fluids. We work under the assumption of spherical symmetry and the dilaton coupling parameter a is allowed to be arbitrary. First, it is proved that the only such vacuum solutions with a time-independent asymptotic value of the dilaton necessarily have vanishing electric field, and thus reduce to Roberts’ solution of the Einstein-dilaton system. Allowing for additional sources, we then obtain Vaidya-like families of self-similar solutions supported by charged null fluids. By continuously matching these solutions to flat spacetime along a null hypersurface one can study gravitational collapse analytically. Capitalizing on this idea, we compute the critical exponent defining the power-law behavior of the mass contained within the apparent horizon near the threshold of black hole formation. For the heterotic dilaton coupling a = 1 the critical exponent takes the value 1/2 typically observed in similar analytic studies, but more generally it is given by γ = a
2(1 + a
2)
−1. The analysis is complemented by an assessment of the classical energy conditions. Finally, and on a different note, we report on a novel dyonic black hole spacetime, which is a time-dependent vacuum solution of this theory. In this case, the presence of constant electric and magnetic charges naturally breaks self-similarity.
Non-relativistic D-brane from T-duality along null direction
Authors: Klusoň J.
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We construct new type of non-relativistic D-branes which are defined with the help of T-duality along null direction. We find Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation of these D-branes and study their properties under T-duality transformations.
Higher spin supersymmetry at the cosmological collider: sculpting SUSY rilles in the CMB
Authors: Alexander Stephon , James Gates S. , Jenks Leah , Koutrolikos K. , McDonough Evan
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We study the imprint of higher spin supermultiplets on cosmological correlators, namely the non-Gaussianity of the cosmic microwave background. Supersymmetry is used as a guide to introduce the contribution of fermionic higher spin particles, which have been neglected thus far in the literature. This necessarily introduces more than just a single additional fermionic superpartner, since the spectrum of massive, higher spin super- multiplets includes two propagating higher spin bosons and two propagating higher spin fermions, which all contribute to the three point function. As an example we consider the half-integer superspin Y =s+ 1/2 supermultiplet, which includes particles of spin valuesj=s+ 1,j=s+ 1/2,j=s+ 1/2 andj=s. We compute the curvature perturbation 3-point function for higher spin particle exchange and find that the knownPs(cosθ) angu- lar dependence is accompanied by superpartner contributions that scale asPs+1(cosθ) and$$ {\sum}_m{P}_s^m\left(\cos \theta \right) $$∑mPsmcosθ, withPsand$$ {P}_s^m $$Psmdefined as the Legendre and Associated Legendre polynomials respectively. We also compute the tensor-scalar-scalar 3-point function, and find a complicated angular dependence as an integral over products of Legendre and associated Legendre polynomials.
Para-Hermitian geometries for Poisson-Lie symmetric σ-models
Authors: Hassler Falk , Lüst Dieter , Rudolph Felix J.
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The doubled target space of the fundamental closed string is identified with its phase space and described by an almost para-Hermitian geometry. We explore this setup in the context of group manifolds which admit a maximally isotropic subgroup. This leads to a formulation of the Poisson-Lie σ-model and Poisson-Lie T-duality in terms of para-Hermitian geometry. The emphasis is put on so called half-integrable setups where only one of the Lagrangian subspaces of the doubled space has to be integrable. Using the dressing coset construction in Poisson-Lie T-duality, we extend our construction to more general coset spaces. This allows to explicitly obtain a huge class of para-Hermitian geometries. Each of them is automatically equipped which a generalized frame field, required for consistent generalized Scherk-Schwarz reductions. As examples we present integrable λ- and η-deformations on the three- and two-sphere.
From Minkowski to de Sitter in multifield no-scale models
Authors: Ellis John , Nagaraj Balakrishnan , Nanopoulos Dimitri V. , Olive Keith A. , Verner Sarunas
Published: October 2019

We show the uniqueness of superpotentials leading to Minkowski vacua of single-field no-scale supergravity models, and the construction of dS/AdS solutions using pairs of these single-field Minkowski superpotentials. We then extend the construction to two- and multifield no-scale supergravity models, providing also a geometrical interpretation. We also consider scenarios with additional twisted or untwisted moduli fields, and discuss how inflationary models can be constructed in this framework.
Scalar model of effective field theory in curved space
Authors: Ribeiro Tiago G. , Shapiro Ilya L.
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We consider, in more details than it was done previously, the effective low- energy behavior in the quantum theory of a light scalar field coupled to another scalar with much larger mass. The main target of our work is an IR decoupling of heavy degrees of freedom, including in the diagrams with mixed light-heavy contents in the loops. It is shown that the one-loop diagrams with mixed internal lines produce an IR non-local contributions which are exactly the same as the ones in the theory of the light scalar alone, with the effective self-interaction which can be obtained by the functional integration of the heavy scalar, almost neglecting its kinetic term. The same effect takes place in curved space, regardless of a larger amount of non-localities which show up in the effective model.
On supersymmetric E11 exceptional field theory
Authors: Bossard Guillaume , Kleinschmidt Axel , Sezgin Ergin
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We construct an infinite system of non-linear duality equations, including fermions, that are invariant under global E
11 and gauge invariant under generalised diffeomorphisms upon the imposition of a suitable section constraint. We use finite-dimensional fermionic representations of the R-symmetry K(E
11) to describe the fermionic contributions to the duality equations. These duality equations reduce to the known equations of E
8 exceptional field theory or eleven-dimensional supergravity for appropriate (partial) solutions of the section constraint. Of key importance in the construction is an indecomposable representation of E
11 that entails extra non-dynamical fields beyond those predicted by E
11 alone, generalising the known constrained p-forms of exceptional field theories. The construction hinges on the tensor hierarchy algebra extension of

$$ {\mathfrak{e}}_{11} $$

e
11

, both for the bosonic theory and its supersymmetric extension.
IIB flux non-commutativity and the global structure of field theories
Authors: Etxebarria Iñaki García , Heidenreich Ben , Regalado Diego
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We discuss the origin of the choice of global structure for six dimensional (2,0) theories and their compactifications in terms of their realization from IIB string theory on ALE spaces. We find that the ambiguity in the choice of global structure on the field theory side can be traced back to a subtle effect that needs to be taken into account when specifying boundary conditions at infinity in the IIB orbifold, namely the known non-commutativity of RR fluxes in spaces with torsion. As an example, we show how the classification of$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 theories by Aharony, Seiberg and Tachikawa can be understood in terms of choices of boundary conditions for RR fields in IIB. Along the way we encounter a formula for the fractional instanton number of$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 ADE theories in terms of the torsional linking pairing for rational homology spheres. We also consider six-dimensional (1,0) theories, clarifying the rules for determining commutators of flux operators for discrete 2-form symmetries. Finally, we analyze the issue of global structure for four dimensional theories in the presence of duality defects.
SCFT/VOA correspondence via Ω-deformation
Authors: Jeong Saebyeok
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We investigate an alternative approach to the correspondence of four­ dimensional$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 superconformal theories and two-dimensional vertex operator algebras, in the framework of the Ω-deformation of supersymmetric gauge theories. The two­dimensional Ω-deformation of the holomorphic-topological theory on the product four­ manifold is constructed at the level of supersymmetry variations and the action. The supersymmetric localization is performed to achieve a two-dimensional chiral CFT. The desired vertex operator algebra is recovered as the algebra of local operators of the resulting CFT. We also discuss the identification of the Schur index of the$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 superconformal theory and the vacuum character of the vertex operator algebra at the level of their path integral representations, using our Ω-deformation point of view on the correspondence.
On the localization manifold of 5d supersymmetric spinning black holes
Authors: Gupta Rajesh Kumar , Murthy Sameer , Sahni Manya
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We analyze the localization equations relevant to the quantum entropy of spinning supersymmetric black holes in five-dimensional asymptotically flat space. The precise problem is to classify all solutions to the off-shell supersymmetry equations in

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 supergravity coupled to n
v + 1 vector multiplets around the near-horizon black hole. We rewrite these equations in terms of the bosonic spinor bilinears that exist in the geometry for an arbitrary background. We then focus on the vector multiplet fluctuations around the near-horizon attractor region of the supersymmetric black hole, and classify all smooth solutions to the localization equations in this background for different choices of analytic continuation. For the choice of analytic continuation consistent with the 4d/5d lift, we find that the most general localization solution for the five-dimensional black hole problem is an (n
v +I)-dimensional manifold, which is precisely the lift of the localization manifold for supersymmetric black holes in four-dimensional asymptotically flat space.
’t Hooft defects and wall crossing in SQM
Authors: Brennan T. Daniel , Dey Anindya , Moore Gregory W.
Published: October 2019

Abstract

In this paper we study the contribution of monopole bubbling to the expectation value of supersymmetric ’t Hooft defects in Lagrangian theories of class S on ℝ3
× S
1. This can be understood as the Witten index of an SQM living on the world volume of the ’t Hooft defect that couples to the bulk 4D theory. The computation of this Witten index has many subtleties originating from a continuous spectrum of scattering states along the non-compact vacuum branches. We find that even after properly dealing with the spectral asymmetry, the standard localization result for the ’t Hooft defect does not agree with the result obtained from the AGT correspondence. In this paper we will explicitly show that one must correct the localization result by adding an extra term to the standard Jeffrey-Kirwan residue formula. This extra term accounts for the contribution of ground states localized along the non-compact branches. This extra term restores both the ex- pected symmetry properties of the line defect expectation value and reproduces the results derived using the AGT correspondence.
Glueball spins in D = 3 Yang-Mills
Authors: Conkey Peter , Dubovsky Sergei , Teper Michael
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We determine spins of more than 100 low lying glueball states in D = 2 + 1 dimensional SU (4) gluodynamics by a lattice calculation. We go up to J = 8 in the spin value. We compare the resulting spectrum with predictions of the Axionic String Ansatz (ASA). We find a perfect match for 39 lightest states, corresponding to the first four string levels. In particular, this resolves tensions between the ASA predictions and earlier spin determinations. The observed spins of heavier glueballs are also in a good agreement with the ASA. We did not identify any sharp tension between lattice data and the ASA, but more work is needed to fully test the ASA predictions for the spins of 64 states at the fifth string level.
PDF profiling using the forward-backward asymmetry in Neutral Current Drell-Yan production
Authors: Accomando Elena , Fiaschi Juri , Hautmann Francesco , Moretti Stefano ,   the xFitter Developers’ team: Hamed Abdolmaleki, Bertone Valerio , Giuli Francesco , Glazov Alexander , Luszczak Agnieszka , Novikov Ivan , Olness Fred , Zenaiev Oleksandr
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Non-perturbative QCD effects from Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) may be constrained by using high-statistics Large Hadron Collider (LHC) data. Drell-Yan (DY) measurements in the Charged Current (CC) case provide one of the primary means to do this, in the form of the lepton charge asymmetry. We investigate here the impact of measurements in Neutral Current (NC) DY data mapped onto the Forward-Backward Asymmetry (A
FB) on PDF determinations, by using the open source fit platform xFitter. We demonstrate the potential impact of A
FB data on PDF determinations and perform a thorough analysis of related uncertainties.