bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA BELAJAR IPA MATERI TUMBUHAN HIJAU PADA SISWA KELAS V SDN 3 PANJEREJO DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Eliyana Evi
Published: October 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini pertama untuk mengetahui penerapan keterampilan proses sains selama kegiatan pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi Covid-19.  Kedua untuk mengetahui hasil analisis keterampilan proses sains yang dimiliki siswa dapat berkembang di masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa pernyataan dengan jawaban yang sudah tersedia, jawaban terdiri dari 4(empat) option dengan penskoran = jawaban SS skor 4, jawaban S skor 3, jawaban TS skor 2, jawaban STS skor 1, jumlah masing-masing variabel 10 pernyataan yang akan dijawab oleh 14 siswa sehingga nilai terendah dari 1 butir pernyataan 14 dan nilai tertinggi 56. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SDN 3 Panjerejo pada kelas V. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V yang berjumlah 14 orang. Dari hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa penerapan keterampilan proses sains di masa pandemi Covid-19 baik dapat diterima oleh siswa, dan hasil analisis keterampilan proses sains di masa pandemi Covid-19 terlihat berhasil dan berpengaruh baik untuk siswa. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai masukan dan bahan pertimbangan bagi peneliti lainnya untuk melakukan penelitian dengan variabel analisis keterampilan proses sains lainnya.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN GAME EDUKASI BERBASIS ANDROID PADA MATA PELAJARAN FISIKA UNTUK SISWA KELAS XI DI SMAN 1 TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Rozi Fahrur , Kristari Ayunda
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang dilakukan di SMAN 1 Tuungagung yang bertujuan untuk : Mengetahui langkah-langkah pengembangan aplikasi game edukasi berbasis android, dan Mengetahui tingkat kelayakan game edukasi berbsis android yang dibuat. Penelitian pengembangan ini dibuat dengan menggunakan model Prototype, yakni Mendengarkan pelanggan, Merancang dan membuat Prototype, Uji Coba Prototype. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA SMAN 1 Tulungagung. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan angket. Instrumen pada pengujian produk ini didasari pada empat tahap pengujian berdasarkan aspek functional suitability, portability, usability dan performance efficiency yang sesuai dengan ISO 25010.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Persentase kelayakan nilai rata-rata pada pengujian suitability ahli media 100% yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat layak dan ahli materi 98% yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat layak. Pada pengujian portability aplikasi game edukasi yang telah dikembangkan dapat di install dan uninstall diberbagai versi OS. Pada pengujian usability mendapat 81% yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat layak. Pada pengujian performance efficiency aplikasi game fisika ini tidak memakan memori dan CPU yang besar sehingga tidak mengganggu kinerja aplikasi lain
(Nie)grzeczność w kontaktach z ludźmi starszymi
Authors: Rosińska-Mamej Agnieszka Katarzyna
Published: October 2020

Głównym celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na grzecznościowe bariery komunikacyjne występujące w kontaktach osób młodych z seniorami. Autorka przywołuje przykłady zachowań, które przez młodych nadawców są traktowane jako uprzejme, natomiast przez osoby starsze mogą być interpretowane jako niegrzeczne, obraźliwe. Drugi cel polega na wprowadzeniu terminu srebrna grzeczność.
(Nie)grzeczna asertywność w miłości. Zachowania bohaterów powieści Achilleusa Tatiosa
Authors: Zawadzki Robert Krzysztof
Published: October 2020

Autor artykułu analizuje jeden z najsławniejszych romansów świata antycznego pt. Opowieść o Leukippe i Klejtofoncie pióra Achilleusa Tatiosa z Aleksandrii. Ukazuje różne okoliczności akcji (śmiertelne niebezpieczeństwa, niezwykłe zdarzenia, tortury, katastrofy morskie, porwania przez piratów i rozbójników, prowokacje), jakich doświadczają tytułowi bohaterowie, i w tym kontekście przedstawia zachowanie Leukippe i Klejtofonta względem innych postaci, które przeciwstawiają się ich miłości. Ważną rolę w kreacjach pary kochanków odgrywa sztuka retoryki, która oddziałuje na ich sposób mówienia. Artykuł stanowi próbę zarówno opisu charakterystycznych cech stylu Achilleusa Tatiosa, jak również objaśnienia techniki, w jakiej stworzył on fabułę swojej powieści.
Melocactus violaceus Pfeiff. (Cactaceae) growth rate and abundance in a sandy terrace of Atlantic Rain Forest (REBIO Guaribas, Paraíba, Brazil)
Authors: Lafite Niviane Ferreira , Salimon Cleber Ibraim
Published: October 2020

Também conhecido como cacto botão, o Melocactus violaceus é uma espécie endêmica do Brasil, que ocorre do Rio Grande do Norte ao Rio de Janeiro. Habita florestas úmidas (Mata Atlântica/restinga), campo rupestre ao Norte (cerrado) crescendo diretamente na areia em meio a arbustos na restinga, dunas ribeirinhas e tabuleiros da Mata Atlântica. Apesar de ter ampla distribuição e ocorrer em áreas protegidas, esta espécie é considerada pela International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) como vulnerável. O objetivo do presente trabalho é estudar a abundância, distribuição de tamanho, e taxa de crescimento em uma população de Melocactus violaceus, que ocorre em tabuleiro numa área de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, na Reserva Biológica (REBIO) Guaribas, Paraíba. Foram amostradas três fitofisionomias diferentes do tabuleiro, onde uma área é predominantemente fechada, a segunda é aberta, na sua grande parte, e por último em uma área onde predomina Lagenocarpus spp., conhecido popularmente como capim azul. Em cada fisionomia marcou-se 10 parcelas de 12.6 m2, com 20 m de distância entre cada uma, onde indivíduos foram marcados e mensurados. A espécie foi encontrada somente na área aberta, com densidade média de 1.46 ind.m-1 com média de crescimento (em diâmetro) anual dos indivíduos que sobreviveram ao longo de todo estudo foi de 1.76 ± 1.12 cm ao ano, com crescimento mínimo de 0.04 cm e crescimento máximo de 4.7 cm.

Palavras chave: Cacto botão, estrutura populacional, taxa de crescimento de cactus.
Investigative study of the potentialities of noble applications for the Brazilian calcium sulfate α-hemihydrate
Authors: Lira Marcela Cristine de Alencar , Neiva Laédna Souto
Published: October 2020

O sulfato de cálcio hemiidratado (comercialmente conhecido como gesso) é obtido através da desidratação parcial do minério gipsita. A depender das condições termodinâmicas de calcinação do minério podem ser obtidas diferentes variações do hemihidrato. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar um estudo investigativo acerca das possibilidades de aplicações nobres para o hemihidrato tipo α. Para isto, foi analisada uma amostra do gesso α proveniente do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, por meio de técnicas de caracterizações estruturais e químicas. De acordo com os resultados, a amostra apresentou composição majoritariamente a base de sulfato de cálcio associado à água, com teor de pureza superior a 98,70%. As partículas apresentaram tamanho médio, aproximadamente uniforme, em torno de 60µm. A concentração insignificante de contaminantes detectados na amostra torna o hemihidrato α adequado para aplicações nobres como, por exemplo, na área da saúde dentre outras aplicações que impliquem em contato literal com o corpo humano.

Palavras chave: α-Hemihidrato de sulfato de cálcio, gesso alfa, investigação de potencialidades, caracterizações estruturais.
Emotional Demonstration (Emo-Demo) Katakan Tidak pada Makanan Pendamping Air Susu Ibu (MP-ASI) Dini
Authors: Videricka Eryka Maryta , Ningtyias Farida Wahyu , Astuti Nur Fitri Widya , Adi Dhuha Itsnanisa
Published: October 2020

Stunting merupakan salah satu masalah gizi di Indonesia saat ini. Stunting terjadi karena berbagai faktor, salah satunya adalah pemberian MP-ASI dini sebelum anak berusia enam bulan. Edukasi gizi dengan metode Emotional Demonstration (Emo-Demo) bertema “Say No to Early Weaning Food” merupakan salah satu strategi edukasi gizi melalui pemberdayaan di Pusat Kesehatan Ibu & Anak. Tujuan dari Emo-Demo adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan orang tua tentang tidak memberikan MP-ASI pada bayi di bawah usia enam bulan yang dapat mengganggu sistem pencernaan bayi dan berdampak pada tumbuh kembang. Metode Emo-Demo menyampaikan pengetahuan gizi dengan menyentuh emosi masyarakat sehingga memudahkan masyarakat untuk mengubah sikap terhadap kesehatan. Pelatihan Emo-Demo dilaksanakan di Posyandu Arjasa Kabupaten Jember yang diikuti oleh kader Puskesmas Ibu dan Anak.
A systematic review of corporate carbon accounting and disclosure practices: Charting the path to carbon neutrality
Authors: Ganu Josephine , Amo Hannah Fosuaa
Published: October 2020

The study examined the theoretical motivation for carbon disclosure and its adequacy for deliberate responsible action. Generally, there is an increase in corporate carbon disclosures in the business sector. Organizations are mostly disclosing their carbon emissions through annual reports, integrated reports, or stand-alone sustainability reports for different reasons and motives. However, the study infers that the quality and adequacy of the current disclosures are debatable due to a lack of consistency and technical details. The causal reason may be due to the inherently voluntary nature of the corporate carbon disclosure. The study finds that there is less research on carbon accounting and disclosures in developing countries especially, in Africa. There is a need for organizations to streamline the application and approaches to carbon accounting. The study suggests the necessity for government regulators and standard setters in accounting to provide a framework that will guide carbon disclosure practices.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR REFLEKTIF DAN ANALITIK PESERTA DIDIK SMP DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL MODEL PROGRAMME FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDENT ASSESSMENT (PISA)
Authors: Hadimu Hasan Bashri , Laurens Theresia , Moma La
Published: October 2020

During this time, reflective thinking and analytical skills have not been one of the objectives of mathematics and learners have not demonstrated reflective activity and analytic learning. The ability of the students ' reflective thinking and analytics is an important aspect to be examined and developed so that the learner's math learning is more optimal. The study aims to describe the ability of the students ' reflective thinking and analytic of junior high school in solving the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) model. This research is a qualitative descriptive study describing the reflective thinking skills and analytical students of junior high school in solving the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) model. The subject in this study is a class IX student consisting of three learners with the details of each of the 1 learners with reflective thinking skills, 1 student with analytic thinking skills and 1 student with reflective and analytical thinking skills. The data collection techniques used are tests of reflective thinking and analytical skills as well as interviews. Test Data and interviews are analyzed based on indicators that meet the ability of reflective thinking and analytical thinking skills. Data analysis techniques refer to the Miles and Hiberman concepts which include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion withdrawal. Data validity techniques use observer persistence, triangulation time and peer checking. The results of the study provide conclusions: 1) Subject 1 meets the indicator of the reflective thinking ability, subject 1 able to the reacting phase, comparing, less in the contemplating phase: 2) Subject 2 meets the analytical thinking ability indicator, subject 2 is capable at would phase, organizing and attributing: 3) Subject 3 meets the indicator of reflective thinking capabilities capable of the reacting, comparing, contemplating and subject 3, organizing and attributing
Hakem Öz-Yeterlilik Ölçeğinin Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: UNUTMAZ Volkan , GENÇER Ramazan
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Myers, Feltz, Guillén, ve Dithurbide (2012) tarafından geliştirilen Hakem Öz-Yeterlilik Ölçeğinin, Türkçe uyarlama çalışmasını gerçekleştirmek, geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerini uygulayarak psikometrik özelliklerinin incelemektir. Çalışma İzmir ilinde yer alan ve faal olarak görev yapan 188 erkek futbol hakemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak 13 madde ve 4 alt boyuttan oluşan (müsabaka bilgisi, karar verme, baskı, iletişim) Hakem Öz-Yeterlilik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin madde ve yapı geçerliğinin test etmek üzere madde analizi ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirlik analizleri kapsamında, iç tutarlık katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Verilerin analizlerinde SPSS 23.0 ile Lisrel 8.51 programları kullanılmıştır. Madde analizi sonucunda, ölçeğin tüm maddelerinin madde ayırıcılık özelliğine sahip olduğunu belirlenmiştir (p<.01). Gerçekleştirilen doğrulayıcı faktör analizi bulguları model veri uyumunun iyi olduğunu göstermektedir (χ2=84.37, df=59, χ2/df=1.43, RMSEA=.049, NFI=.94, NNFI=.97, CFI=.98, IFI=.98, SRMR=.039, GFI=.93, AGFI= .90). Ölçeğin alt boyutlara ilişkin iç tutarlık katsayılarının .67 ile .91 arasında değişkenlik gösterdiği, ölçeğin tümü için iç tutatlık katsayısının .91 olduğu hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda, Türkçe uyarlama çalışması gerçekleştirilen Hakem Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeğinin, futbol hakemleri üzerinde kullanılabilir geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Valoración social del patrimonio. Una experiencia en escuelas, Mendoza-Argentina
Authors: Cremaschi Gadea Verónica
Published: October 2020

Tal como lo han destacado numerosos autores, las comunidades tienen una importante injerencia en la salvaguarda y el cuidado de los bienes patrimoniales. Es por eso que se vuelve imprescindible trabajar con los/asusuarios/as para concientizar en la valoración de los bienes. El caso que presentamos a continuación, se basa en experiencias con alumnos/as de primaria (9-10 años) de escuelas de Mendoza (Argentina) emplazadas en barrios impulsados por el Estado durante los gobiernos del primer peronismo.
El fuerte del Olimpo de Puerto Rico: paradigma del sistema defensivo de Montalembert
Authors: Hinarejos Martín Nuria
Published: October 2020

Puerto Rico comenzó a fortificarse a mediados del siglo XVI, cuyas obras se prolongaron hasta finales del XIX. Las primeras defensas siguieron el modelo abaluartado, pero la aparición de los cañones de ánima rayada obligó a modificar las fortificaciones construidas hasta el momento, dando como resultado un nuevo modelo defensivo basado en las teorías de Montalembert, caracterizado por la eliminación del factor geométrico, utilización de formas sencillas, reducidas dimensiones, erigidas en emplazamientos elevados.
Comparison of Ideal Traction Hyperbola Curves with Matlab-Simulink in Vehicles
Authors: YAVUZ Hicri , BAYRAKÇEKEN Hüseyin , AYSAL Faruk Emre
Published: October 2020

The gearbox is part of the powertrain that transmits movement from the engine to the wheels. Gears, shafts and auxil-iary systems are used in Gearboxes. By using these systems, it is possible to control the movement of the vehicle at the desired tractive effort and vehicle speed in different gear ratios as well as in different direction situations. To increase vehicle performance, it is necessary to obtain curves close to the ideal traction hyperbola. In this study, vehicle speed and tractive efforts of two different 12-speed vehicles with the same engine characteristics were calculated with Matlab/Simulink. According to obtaining the results, the tractive effort curves based on vehicle speed were estimated and ideal traction hyperbola curves were formed. The comparison of ideal traction hyperboles for both types of gearboxes showed that the curves have a similar structure.
Simple View of Reading in Chinese: A One-Stage Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Peng Peng , Lee Kejin , Luo Jie , Li Shuting , Joshi R. Malatesha , Tao Sha
Published: October 2020

With a one-stage meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) analysis based on 49,416 individuals from 267 independent samples and 210 studies, the current study systematically investigated models including meta-linguistic skills, decoding, language comprehension, and reading comprehension for Chinese population. Findings showed that (1) decoding and language comprehension were moderately related and together explained 52.7% variance of reading comprehension; (2) meta-linguistic skills made significant direct and unique contributions to decoding and showed a strong relation with language comprehension; however, meta-linguistic skills did not make direct contributions to reading comprehension beyond decoding and language comprehension; (3) location (Mainland vs. Hong Kong) did not emerge as a significant moderator in the model; (4) grade level significantly explained the between-study heterogeneity on the relation between decoding and reading comprehension, such that decoding made more contributions to reading comprehension before Grade 2 than after; and (5) the effects of language comprehension on reading comprehension stayed stable with grade, and so did meta-linguistic skills on decoding. These findings, taken together, suggest that the Simple View of Reading can be applied to reading in nonalphabetic languages such as Chinese. For Chinese reading development, Grade 2 may be the transitional grade where the effects of decoding on reading comprehension started to decrease significantly. The null direct effects of meta-linguistics skills on reading comprehension further support the parsimonious structure of Simple View of Reading (decoding and language comprehension) in explaining reading comprehension in Chinese.
Impact of air pollution on reproductive health in Afghanistan
Authors: Akbar Khalid , Khaksar Taj Mohammad
Published: October 2020

The presence of one or more contaminants (harmful substances) in the atmosphere in a specific quantity, for such duration, which is injurious or tends to be injurious to human health, welfare, animal, or plant life is called air pollution. Air pollutants are of commonly two types, which are produced through natural pollutants; they include dust (crustal material), sea salts, biological material, pollen, spores or plant-animal debris, volcanic eruptions (which release a very large quantity of gases and particles into the atmosphere), periodic forest fires, thunderbolts, wind erosion, and low concentration ozone. Other types of pollutants are produced in human-made (technical) environments, like mobile sources (cars, trucks, airplanes, marine engines, etc.) or point sources (factories, electric power plants, etc.). The high level of air pollution is a big problem all over the world and also in Afghanistan, and all residents of this country are severely exposed to this ever-worsening situation. Air pollution and other extraordinary environmental problems are factors that threaten the livelihood of millions of Afghans, as a study report shows that 60% of Kabul’s residents are exposed to increased levels of harmful toxins, such as, nitrous oxides and sulfur dioxide. According to the State of Global Air report, more than 26,000 afghan deaths could be attributed to pollution in 2007, but United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) documented nearly 3,500 civilian casualties from the war for the same time period, so air pollution is killing more Afghans than war because they burn anything possible to get energy and heat they need. Result of air sampling in major urban centers of Afghanistan shows high amounts of particulate matters (PM), benzo-a-pyrene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) originating from vehicle exhaust emission. The highest concentrations were founded in Kabul and Mazar-e-Sharif (13.6 ng/m3 ). The absence of industrial parks, nonconformity of environmental protection rules, especially by industries, urbanization, degradation of fertile lands, deforestation, seasonal winds, drought, internal migration, and low knowledge about pesticides and herbicides use, are factors that boost the severity of air pollution in Afghanistan. In Afghanistan, women are more exposed to high levels of indoor air pollution because they spend more time at home due to their cultural rules; also, women have responsibility for household activities, working in the kitchen to prepare food, they are exposed to poor sanitation and contaminated water supplies, they clean and sweep rooms and yards with inadequate protection equipment, which are significant sources of dust, so they are often exposed to high levels of smoke and dust for long periods.
Extraction, isolation and characterization of Bauhinia variegata flower
Authors: Gupta Akanksha , Tripathi Abhishek K , Gupta Pushpraj S
Published: October 2020

Background: Bauhinia variegata Linn. is a native plant of Asia and China. B. variegata is found in tropical regions of the world. It belongs to family Leguminosae. It is used for diarrhea, hemorrhoids, constipation, piles, edema, leprosy, wounds, tumors, etc.  Objective: The objective of the present study was to perform extraction of B. variegata flower and isolation of active constituents from the extract. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extraction of B. variegata flower was performed using the Soxhlet apparatus. The isolation of active constituents from the extract was performed using chromatographic techniques. In column chromatographic studies, n-hexane- [dichloromethane (DCM)] (2:8) was used as an eluting system and further purified through thin layer chromatography (TLC). Compound A and B were isolated through chromatographic techniques, then the molecular formula and characterization of these compounds were carried out with mass and infrared (IR) spectral analysis. Results and Discussion: The percentage yield of B. variegata ethanolic extract (BVE) was found to be 20.8% w/w. The different fractions were F1 having 12.5 grams with n-hexane, F2 (17.1 grams) with CH2Cl2, F3 (21.2 grams) with EtOAc, and F4 (13.4 grams) with EtOH. Compound A and B were isolated from the solvent fractions of n-hexane-DCM (2:8) and EtOAc-DCM (1:9), respectively. The compound A was characterized as 3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one. The compound B was characterized as 3-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one. Conclusion: Thus, B. variegata flowers possess active components that need to identify their biological activities.
A study on the relationships among information quality, system quality, knowledge sharing, and knowledge creation for travel web site users
Authors: SU YINGYUEH , Kuo Yen-Ku , Kuo Tsung-Hsien , Kuo Kuo-Cheng
Published: October 2020

The
COVID-19 crisis has an unprecedented impact on travel industry. Although
Taiwan’s borders are still remain closed to non-essential international travel,
travel web sites have become more important media for Taiwan residents to
search for domestic travel activities. With the prevalence of the Internet and
e-commerce nowadays, they are the rapidest and most efficient channels to look
for information on the latest activities and travel security information.
Information quality and system quality of travel web sites are extremely important
bases since they decide users’ behavior of information exchange on the
platforms. Since the Internet can immediately share information, consumers’
various knowledge sharing behaviors on sites can enhance knowledge creation.
This study explores the correlations among information quality, system quality,
knowledge sharing, and knowledge creation of travel web sites and treats
consumers who have used travel web site services in Taiwan as subjects. It
collects the data and analyzes hypotheses by structural equation modeling. The
findings show that information quality and system quality of travel web sites
positively and significantly influence knowledge sharing. Knowledge sharing
shows positive and significant predictive power on knowledge creation. Considering
about the coronavirus outbreak which has a significant impact on tourism
industry, the conclusion provides suggestions for travel web site management
and practice, which also can further serve as important strategies for
continuous updating of travel web sites.
Kepemimpinan Transformatif Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Wekke Ismail Suardi
Published: October 2020

Desain mata kuliah di Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, IAIN Sorong. Semester 1, tahun akademik 2020/202. Diampuh Ismail Suardi Wekke, Ph.D. terdiri atas 16 pekan, dengan ragam pembelajaran yang tidak saya dilaksanakan dengan tatap maya tetapi juga aktivitas mandiri dan personal.
Seeing and inviting participation  in autistic interactions
Authors: De Jaegher Hanne
Published: October 2020

What does it take to see how autistic people participate in social interactions? And what does it take to support andinvite more participation? Western medicine and cognitive science tend to think of autism mainly in terms of social andcommunicative deficits. But research shows that autistic people can interact with a skill and sophistication that are hard to see when starting from a deficit idea. Research also shows that not only autistic people, but also their non-autisticinteraction partners, can have difficulties interacting with each other. To do justice to these findings, we need a differentapproach to autistic interactions—one that helps everyone see, invite, and support better participation. I introduce suchan approach, based on the enactive theory of participatory sense-making and supported by insights from indigenousepistemologies. This approach helps counteract the homogenizing tendencies of the “global mental health” movement, which attempts to erase rather than recognize difference, and often precludes respectful engagements. Based in the lived experiences of people in their socio-cultural-material and interactive contexts, I put forward an engaged—even engaging—epistemology for understanding how we interact across difference. From this perspective, we see participatory sense-making at work across the scientific, diagnostic, therapeutic, and everyday interactions of autistic and non-autistic people, and how everyone can invite and support more of it.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPA Melalui model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Pada Siswa Kelas V SD Inpres Bangkala III Kota Makassar
Authors: wahyuni Sri
Published: October 2020

Model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar mata pelajaran IPA siswa kelas V SD Inpres Bangkala III Kecamatan Manggala Kota Makassar
A refractive index of a kink in curved space
Authors: Hadi Miftachul
Published: October 2020

The refractive index and curvature relation is formulated using the Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor. As a consequence of the fourth rank tensor of the Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor, we found that the refractive index should be a second rank tensor. The second rank tensor of the refractive index describes a linear optics. It implies naturally that the Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor is related to the linear optics. In case of a non-linear optics, the refractive index is a sixth rank tensor, if susceptibility is a fourth rank tensor. The Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor can be formulated in the non-linear optics but with a reduction term. The relation between the (linear and non-linear) refractive index and a (linear and non-linear) mass in curved space are formulated. Related to the Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor, we formulate "the (linear and non-linear) generalized Einstein field equations". Sine-Gordon model in curved space is shown, where the Lagrangian is the total energy. This total energy is the mass of a kink (anti-kink) associated with a topological charge (a winding number). We formulate the relation between the (linear and non-linear) refractive index of the kink (anti-kink) and the topological charge-the winding number. Deflection of light is discussed in brief where the (linear and non-linear) angle of light deflection are formulated in relation with the mass (the topological charge, the winding number) of the kink (anti-kink).
Credibility Beyond Replicability: Improving the Four Validities in Psychological Science
Authors: Vazire Simine , Schiavone Sarah R. , Bottesini Julia G.
Published: October 2020

Psychological science’s "credibility revolution" has produced an explosion of metascientific work on improving research practices. While much attention has been paid to replicability (reducing false positives), improving credibility depends on addressing a wide range of problems afflicting psychological science, beyond simply making psychology more replicable. Here we focus on the "four validities" (Shadish et al., 2002) and highlight recent developments aimed at improving these four validities in psychology research, many of which have been led by early career researchers. We propose that the credibility revolution in psychology, which has its roots in replicability, can be harnessed to help psychology improve its validity more broadly.
Investigating the Links Between Cultural Values and Belief in Conspiracy Theories: the Key Roles of Collectivism and Masculinity.
Authors: Adam-Troian Jais , Wagner-Egger Pascal , Motyl Matt , Arciszewski Thomas , Imhoff Roland , Zimmer Felix , Klein Olivier , Babinska Maria , Bangerter Adrian , Bilewicz Michał , Blanuša Nebojša , Bovan Kosta , Bužarovska Rumena , Cichocka Aleksandra , Çelebi ELIF , Delouvée Sylvain , Douglas Karen , Dyrendal Asbjørn , Gjoneska Biljana , Graf Sylvie , Gualda Estrella , Hirschberger Gilad , Kende Anna , Krekó Peter , Krouwel André , Lamberty Pia , Mari Silvia , Milosevic Jasna , Panasiti Maria Serena , Pantazi Myrto , Petkovski Ljupcho , Porciello Giuseppina , Prims JP , Rabelo André Luiz Alves , Schepisi Michael , Sutton Robbie M. , Swami Viren , Thórisdóttir Hulda , Turjačanin Vladimir , Zezelj Iris , van Prooijen Jan-Willem
Published: October 2020

Research suggests that belief in conspiracy theories (CT) stems from basic psychological mechanisms and is linked to other belief systems (e.g. religious beliefs). While previous research has extensively examined individual and contextual variables associated with CT beliefs, it has not yet investigated the role of culture. In the current research, we tested, based on a situated cultural cognition perspective, the extent to which culture predicts CT beliefs. Using Hofstede’s model of cultural values, three nation-level analyses of data from 25, 19 and 18 countries using different measures of CT beliefs (Study 1, N = 5,323; Study 2a, N = 12,255; Study 2b, N = 30,994) revealed positive associations between Masculinity, Collectivism and CT beliefs. A cross-sectional study among US citizens (Study 3, N = 350), using individual-level measures of Hofstede’s values, replicated these findings. A meta-analysis of correlations across studies corroborated the presence of positive links between CT beliefs, Collectivism, r = .31, 95%CI = [.15; .47] and Masculinity, , r = .39, 95%CI = [.18; .59]. Our results suggest that in addition to individual-differences and contextual variables, cultural factors also play an important role in shaping CT beliefs.
The Construct Validity Of Creativity : Empirical Arguments in Favor of Novelty as the Basis for Creativity
Authors: Pichot Nicolas , Bonetto Eric , Pavani Jean-Baptiste , Arciszewski Thomas , Bonnardel Nathalie , Weisberg Robert
Published: October 2020

In scientific research on creativity, there has been considerable debate concerning the criteria by which a production can be judged more or less creative, that is, about the definition of creativity. The most frequent definition – the standard definition – incorporates the criteria of novelty and value. However, other definitions, based on a single criterion or on more than two criteria, have also been proposed. Much of the discussion of this issue has been based on semantic analysis, a logical analysis of the concepts involved and the usefulness of the various proposed criteria. In this article, question of the necessary and sufficient criteria for defining creativity is approached from an empirical (i.e., psychometric) perspective. The studies that are examined here converge on the idea that the standard definition is not internally consistent, because its two proposed criteria (i.e., novelty and value) are largely independent. Moreover, judgments of the creativity of an object seem to be explained mainly by its novelty, which suggests the possible sufficiency of that criterion. These results are consistent with the intentional novelty definition proposed recently by Weisberg (2015, 2018).
Four best practices for measuring news sentiment using ‘off-the-shelf’ dictionaries: a large-scale p-hacking experiment
Authors: Chan Chung-hong , Bajjalieh Joseph , Auvil Loretta , Wessler Hartmut , Althaus Scott , Welbers Kasper , van Atteveldt Wouter , Jungblut Marc
Published: October 2020

We examined the validity of 37 sentiment scores based on dictionary-based methods using a large news corpus and demonstrated the risk of generating a spectrum of results with different levels of statistical significance by presenting an analysis of relationships between news sentiment and U.S. presidential approval. We summarize our findings into four best practices: 1) use a suitable sentiment dictionary; 2) do not assume that the validity and reliability of the dictionary is ‘built-in’; 3) check for the influence of content length and 4) do not use multiple dictionaries to test the same statistical hypothesis.
Characterization of Microstructure and Phase Elemental Composition of 15 wt.% Cr – 2 wt.% Mo Cast Iron with Boron Addition
Authors: Efremenko V. G. , Wu K. M. , Shimizu K. , Petryshynets I. , Efremenko B. V. , Halfa H. , Chabak Yu. G. , Malyshevskyi A. A. , Zurnadzy V. I.
Published: October 2020

The article is aimed at the study of structural features and phase chemical composition in 3.6 wt.% C-15 wt.% Cr-2 wt.% Mo cast iron prepared with adding 0.50 wt.% boron. The work was fulfilled using optical and electron scanning microscopy, EDS, XRD, hardness measurement, and thermodynamic modelling. It was found that due to boron effect the cast iron acquired hypereutectic structure consisting of the primary M7C3 carbides (5.3 vol. %) and the eutectics based on M7C3 carbide (rosette-shaped cells) and M3C carbide (coarse-net-shaped cells or Ledeburite-shaped cells). The total amount of carbide phases was 51.8 vol.% whereas the volume fractions of M7C3-eutectic cells and M3C-eutectic cells were 21.0 vol.% and 74.7 vol.% respectively. The matrix comprised austenite, martensite and pearlite whereas austenite volume fraction was measured as 32 vol.%. Chromium and molybdenum were unevenly partitioned in phases performing the opposite character of a distribution. The primary carbides contained about 37 wt.% Cr and 1.6 wt.% Mo with the stoichiometry of (Fe3.88Cr2.76Mo0.22Mn0.12Si0.02)C3. Substantial part of carbide precipitates (primary and eutectic both) exhibited the duplex nature presenting Cr-rich/Mo-depleted core (M7C3 carbide) and Cr-depleted/Mo-rich shell (M3C carbide). Duplex carbides were closely adjusted to austenite + M3C eutectic cells to be the starting interface for their solidification. A minor amount of micron-sized areas with 67.5 wt.% Mo and 4.6 wt.% Si were observed to be presumed as M6C carbide. The cast iron was subjected to holding at 950 °C for 2 hours with subsequent oil-quenching. This treatment caused the precipitation of fine secondary carbides followed by the martensite transformation which resulted in significant hardness increase from 672 HV (as-cast) to 1038 HV. The solidification sequence is discussed in terms of structure observation and Thermo-Calc modelling.
THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM CHALLENGES OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA IN THE PANDEMIC COVID 19 CONTEXT
Authors: Lopotenco Viorica
Published: October 2020

This study's main objective is to analyze the challenges faced by the Republic of Moldova in the economic crisis, which was caused by the COVID 19 pandemic. The vulnerabilities of the Republic of Moldova's economy and especially its financial system are related mainly to the specifics of the country's economy, which is small, open, with a continuing current account deficit and a strong subordination to international financial flows.This study's conclusions consist in the fact that the external risks related to the COVID19 pandemic can be transmitted in the economy of our country through two channels. First, due to uncertain financial conditions in the international economy, difficulties with international financing may arise. Secondly, the vulnerabilities in the economies of the Republic of Moldova's trading partners will undoubtedly influence the slowdown in exports of goods and services
СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИЙ ТРЕНІНГ ДЛЯ ПІДЛІТКІВ, СПРЯМОВАНИЙ НА ПРОФІЛАКТИКУ ТА ПОДОЛАННЯ НЕГАТИВНИХ ПРОЯВІВ ПЕРЕЖИВАННЯ САМОТНОСТІ
Authors: Diachok Olga
Published: October 2020

Стаття присвячена теоретико-методологічному дослідженню проблеми переживання самотності у підлітковому віці та емпіричній апробації розробленої програми соціально-психологічного тренінгу щодо подолання та профілактики негативних проявів самотності.Мета дослідження полягала у перевірці ефективності розробленого тренінгу, апробація якого була здійснена у три етапи. На констатувальному етапі було визначено показники переживання самотності підлітками, рівень задоволеності певними аспектами шкільного життя, рівень розвитку життєстійкості, самооцінки та емоційних здібностей (емпатії, вираження та управління емоціями, прийняття відповідальності за свої емоції). На формувальному етапі було проведено тренінг з двома групами підлітків, до кожної з яких увійшло 15 учасників. На контрольному етапі було перевірено відмінності між показниками переживання самотності підлітками, рівнем задоволеності певними аспектами шкільного життя, рівнем життєстійкості, самооцінки та рівнем розвитку емоційних здібностей до та після участі досліджуваних у тренінгу. Для контрольної групи також була здійснена перевірка відмінностей між показниками першого та другого зрізів.Результати формувального етапу дослідження свідчать про ефективність реалізованої програми соціально-психологічного тренінгу для підлітків. Порівняльний аналіз показників першого та другого зрізів підтвердив позитивні зміни у експериментальній групі після проведення тренінгу.
Agronomic and Economic Effects of Irrigation and Rotation in Peanut-based Cropping Systems
Authors: Lamb M.C. , Sorensen R.B. , Butts C.L.
Published: October 2020

Although the Southeast U.S. receives an average annual precipitation of 1300 mm, crop yields are often limited by erratic seasonal rainfall distributions. Studies were conducted from 2001 through 2017 at the USDA/ARS Multi-crop Irrigation Research Farm in Shellman, GA (84.60 deg W, 30.7333 deg N) on a Greenville fine sandy loam (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kandiudults). The objective of this long-term study is to evaluate the effects of irrigation and crop rotation sequencing consisting of peanut, corn, and cotton on yield and net economic returns to both variable and total costs. Analysis included the entire study period and was also separated for years with below and above average rainfall. When averaged across all years, irrigation increased peanut, corn, and cotton yield and net returns compared with non-irrigation. Six different rotation sequences were addressed inclusive of continuous peanut, one year out of peanut with corn or cotton, and two years out of peanut with combinations of corn and cotton. In both irrigated and non-irrigated peanuts, the least and greatest yields were from continuous peanut and the two year out rotations, respectively. No peanut yield difference resulted with corn or cotton rotation partners for the rotation sequence. Length of rotation between peanut years did influence peanut yield and net returns. Profitability and optimal rotation sequence within any cropping system depended on irrigation, yield, crop price, and production costs for peanut, corn, and cotton.
Influence of Prohexadione Calcium Rate on Growth and Yield of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Studstill S.P. , Monfort W.S. , Tubbs R.S. , Jordan D.L. , Hare A.T. , Anco D.J. , Sarver J.M. , Ferguson J.C. , Faske T.R. , Creswell B.L. , Tyson W.G.
Published: October 2020

Prohexadione calcium, a plant growth regulator, is commonly used on virginia market type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to manage excessive vine growth and improve digging efficiency. However, use of prohexadione calcium on runner market type cultivars has been minimal. The objective of this research was to evaluate prohexadione calcium on virginia and runner market type peanut cultivars at multiple rates in small-plot (17 site years) and on-farm (5 site years) experiments. Applications of prohexadione calcium were at the manufacturer's recommended use rate of 140 g a.i./ha (1x), 105 g a.i /ha (0.75x), and 70 g a.i /ha (0.5x) rates. A non-treated control was also included in all experiments. Cultivar and treatment responses were evaluated based on mainstem height, yield, total sound mature kernels, and return on investment. Plants treated with prohexadione calcium had greater row definition based on a 1-10 row visibility rating scale. Plant main stem heights were often shortened when prohexadione calcium was applied compared to the control, although response varied by location and by year. Average mainstem heights were 26 cm for non-treated plots and 23 cm for prohexadione calcium treated plots across all virginia market type small plot experiments. Prohexadione calcium did not significantly increase yield at any rate in any small plot experiments regardless of rate. Reduced rates of prohexadione calcium significantly increased yield in all the large on-farm experiments compared to the control. Yield increases ranged from 453 to 731 kg/ha for all prohexadione calcium treatments compared to the control across all large plot on-farm experiments. The greatest return on investment was the 0.75x rate resulting in an increase in revenue of $210 ha−1. With an increase in yield and return on investment in all large plot on-farm experiments and not in small plot experiments no matter the market type, it is assumed that the growth and yield response to prohexadione calcium may be more pronounced where soil variability is greater, affecting growth, digging, and yield potential. Prohexadione calcium can be beneficial in virginia market type and runner market type peanut cultivars to decrease vine growth and increase yield.
Resistance to fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) feeding identified in nascent allotetraploids cross-compatible to cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Levinson C.M. , Marasigan K.M. , Chu Y. , Stalker H.T. , Holbrook C.C. , Ni X. , Williams W.P. , Ozias-Akins P.
Published: October 2020

Fall armyworm (FAW) is an economically devastating, invasive pest in Sub-Saharan Africa and can be a major pest in the Americas. This pest feeds on more than 80 plant species, including peanut, and threatens the food security of millions of people who rely on these crops in Sub-Saharan Africa. An integrated pest management strategy, including resistant crop cultivars, is needed to control FAW, since populations have been reported to develop insecticide resistance. Genetic sources of host resistance to FAW are limited in cultivated peanut; however, strong resistance to FAW was reported previously in peanut wild relatives. In this in vitro study, we tested diploid peanut relatives including A. ipaensis KG37006 (Ipa), A. duranensis 30060 (Dur), A. correntina 9530 (Cor9530), and A. correntina 9548 (Cor9548); allotetraploids including IpaCor95304x, IpaDur4x; F2 hybrids [A. hypogaea 13-1014 x IpaCor95304x]; and cultivated peanut lines A. hypogaea ‘13-1014′ and ‘Georgia Green' for FAW resistance to identify valuable materials in our breeding program. FAW development was measured by survival, larval weight, larval stage duration, pupation, pupal stage duration, moth emergence relative to pupation, and moth sex. All allotetraploids showed promise as donors for FAW resistance. This FAW resistance was derived primarily from A. ipaensis, but A. duranensis was also identified as a source of resistance, though more moderate. A high level of heterogeneity was found in A. correntina 9530, which likely contributed to the variable performance of this species in the bioassay. Producing hybrids and allotetraploids with wild Arachis species does not guarantee that each derived line from these crosses will be resistant, and since these lines are segregating, selection for resistance is still needed.
Evaluation of Agricultural Practices to Increase Yield and Financial Return and Minimize Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanut in Northern Ghana
Authors: Abudulai M. , Mahama G. , Dzomeku I. , Seidu A. , Sugri I. , Nboyine J.A. , Opoku N. , Alhassan M.H. , Appaw W. , Ellis W.O. , Akromah R. , Mochiah M.B. , Dankyi A. , Jordan D.L. , Brandenburg R.L. , Bravo-Ureta B.E. , Jelliffe J. , Boote K. , MacDonald G. , Chen J. , Phillips R.D. , Mallikarjunan K. , Balota M. , Hoisington D. , Rhoads J.
Published: October 2020

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield and financial returns are often low for smallholder farmers in Ghana. Additionally, aflatoxin concentration in foods derived from peanut can be high enough to adversely affect human health. Eight experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in northern Ghana to compare yield, financial returns, pest reaction, and aflatoxin contamination at harvest with traditional farmer versus improved practices. Relative to the farmer practice, the improved practice consisted of weeding one extra time, applying local potassium-based soaps to suppress arthropods and pathogens, and application of either homogenized oyster shells or a commercial blend of fertilizer containing calcium. Each of these field treatments were followed by either drying peanut on the soil surface and storing in traditional poly bags or drying peanut on tarps and storing in hermetically-sealed bags for 4 months. Peanut yield and financial returns were significantly greater when a commercial blend of fertilizer or oyster shells were applied compared to the farmer practice of not applying any fertilizer. Yield and financial returns were greater when a commercial fertilizer blend was applied compared with oyster shells. Severity of early leaf spot [caused by Passalora arachidicola (Hori) U. Braun] and late leaf spot [caused by Nothopassalora personata (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous], scarring and penetration of pods by arthropods, and the number of arthropods at harvest were higher for the farmer practice than for either fertility treatment; no difference was noted when comparing across fertility treatments. Less aflatoxin was observed for both improved practices in the field compared with the farmer practice. Drying peanut on tarps resulted in less aflatoxin compared to drying peanut on the ground regardless of treatments in the field. Aflatoxin concentration after storage was similar when comparing post-harvest treatments of drying on soil surface and storing in poly bags vs. drying on tarps and storing in hermetically-sealed bags. These results demonstrate that substantial financial gain can be realized when management in the field is increased compared with the traditional farmer practice. While aflatoxin concentrations differed between the farmer practice and the improved practices at harvest and after drying, these differences did not translate into differences after storage.