bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toddlers may be getting enough iron in long day‐care services after all
Authors: Johnston Michaela , O'Sullivan Therese , Devine Amanda , Wallace Ruth , Costello Leesa , Sambell Ros
Published: May 2023

Background

Previous research has suggested that toddlers are not provided with adequate dietary iron in long‐day care (LDC) services. However, the iron bioavailability provided is unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the amount and bioavailability of iron provided to toddlers aged 2–3 years at LDC services.

Methods

A cross‐sectional audit was conducted using a 2‐day weighed food record of 30 LDC services. Iron provision (not child intake) in LDC services across Perth, Australia was compared with the estimated average requirements (EAR) and LDC services provision guidelines (50% of EAR = 2 mg/day based on a 14% bioavailability factor). Bioavailability was estimated per mealtime using haem and non‐haem iron, ascorbic acid, animal protein, calcium, soy, eggs and phytates using two pre‐existing algorithms (by A. P. Rickard and colleagues and H. Hallberg and H. Hulten).

Results

Median iron supplied (2.52 mg/day, interquartile range [IQR] = 2.43–3.17) was above the 50% of EAR of 2.0 mg/day (p < 0.001). Median bioavailable iron was 0.6 mg/day (IQR = 0.54–0.8) using the method of Rickard et al. and 0.51 mg/day (IQR = 0.43, 0.76 using that of Hallberg and Hulthen). The top three foods contributing to iron provision were bread, breakfast cereals and beef.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that LDC services in Perth are meeting the minimum recommendation of provision of 50% of the iron EAR, and also that toddlers are provided with sufficient bioavailable iron. Future strategies should focus on promoting food combinations to maintain the iron bioavailability in meals currently served at LDC services.
Erratum: Cheng-Lin Liu, Yan-Nan Chen, Cheng Liang & Jun Chen Three new species of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) from an apple orchard in Beijing, China. Systematic & Applied Acarology 28(3): 521–533 (2023)
Authors: Chen Jun
Published: May 2023

N/A
Predatory Phytoseiidae mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) in vineyards of northern Portugal
Authors: Silva Darliane Evangelho , Nascimento Joseane Moreira do , Corrêa Luiz Liberato Costa , Silva Rita Tatiane Leão da , Juchem Calebe Fernando , Rodrigues Raúl , Ferla Noeli Juarez
Published: May 2023

Phytoseiids are important biological control agents on different cultivated plants. This work aimed to know the diversity of phytoseiids and compare the abundance and richness of these mites found in grape-producing regions located in northern Portugal. Samplings were conducted in the subregions of Ave, Cávado, Douro, Lima and Minho Rivers between July and September 2017, in 25 vineyards (three in Ave, four in Cávado, eight in Douro, five in Lima and five in Minho Rivers), by collecting 50 leaves/vineyard. A total of 4,372 phytoseiid mites were found, and the highest abundance of phytoseiids per leaf was in Lima, with an average of 6.4, followed by Douro and Minho, with 2.5 and Ave, with 2.0. The highest richness was found in Ave and Douro, with 80% of the species reported. Typhlodromus pyri predominated in nearly all rivers, except when comparing Ave versus Douro, Cávado versus Douro and, Cávado versus Minho; in these cases, Kampimodromus aberrans predominated in Douro and Minho. This also occurred when K. aberrans and Typhlodromus exhilaratus were compared between Douro and Minho. Comparing Ave and Minho, T. exhilaratus predominated in Minho. Knowing about the phytoseiids present in the studied regions of northern Portugal helps develop biological control strategies and balance these agroecosystems.
Heavy symmetric tops and the Hannay angle
Authors: Park Changsoo
Published: May 2023

The dynamics of a heavy symmetric top are studied in connection with the Hannay angle. When the top undergoes a steady precession due to gravity without nutation, the Hannay angle has a geometric nature such that it is identical to the solid angle subtended by the loop swept out by the symmetry axis of the top. Here, we show that the Hannay angle can also be described by the angle between two radial vectors on the disk of the top corresponding to the pure spinning motion and the coupled motion of spin and precession for one period of the precession. The geometric nature of the angle between the two radial vectors is verified by demonstrating, via parallel transport, that the magnitude of the angle is the same as that of the solid angle. In the presence of nutation, the path constructed by the symmetry axis is not closed, and the steady precession appears in the limit of infinite initial spin angular velocity. As a consequence, in an ideal situation of no friction, the Hannay angle as a pure geometric effect does not exist in the superposed motion of precession and nutation.
Impact of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior on Spontaneous Female and Male Fertility: A Systematic Review
Authors: Brinson Alison K. , da Silva Shana G. , Hesketh Kathryn R. , Evenson Kelly R.
Published: May 2023

Background: Before pregnancy is recognized, ovulation, fertilization, and implantation must all occur. Physical activity and sedentary behavior may impact pregnancy success by altering each or all of these processes. The aim of this review was to review the association between physical activity and sedentary behavior with spontaneous female and male fertility. Method: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Embase were searched from inception to August 9, 2021. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials or observational studies, published in English, describing an association between physical activity or sedentary behavior (exposures) and spontaneous fertility (outcome) among women or men. Results: Thirty-four studies from 31 unique populations were included in this review (12 cross-sectional studies, 10 cohort studies, 6 case–control studies, 5 randomized controlled trials, and one case–cohort study). Of the 25 studies among women, the majority identified mixed results (n = 11) or no association (n = 9) between physical activity and female fertility. Seven studies reported on female fertility and sedentary behavior, and 2 found sedentary behavior was associated with decreased female fertility. Of the 11 studies among men, most of the studies (n = 6) found that physical activity was associated with increased male fertility. Two of the studies reported on male fertility and sedentary behavior, and neither identified an association. Conclusions: The association between spontaneous fertility and physical activity in both men and women remains unclear, and the association with sedentary behavior remains largely unexplored.
Gender composition predicts gender bias: A meta-reanalysis of hiring discrimination audit experiments
Authors: Galos Diana Roxana , Coppock Alexander
Published: May 2023

Since 1983, more than 70 employment audit experiments, carried out in more than 26 countries across five continents, have randomized the gender of fictitious applicants to measure the extent of hiring discrimination on the basis of gender. The results are mixed: Some studies find discrimination against men, and others find discrimination against women. We reconcile these heterogeneous findings through a “meta-reanalysis” of the average effects of being described as a woman (versus a man), conditional on occupation. We find a strongly positive gender gradient. In (relatively better paying) occupations dominated by men, the effect of being a woman is negative, while in the (relatively lower paying) occupations dominated by women, the effect is positive. In this way, heterogeneous employment discrimination on the basis of gender preserves status quo gender distributions and earnings gaps. These patterns hold among both minority and majority status applicants.
Auricular manifestation of Mpox (monkeypox)
Authors: Williams George , Watters Carolina , Watson Natalie
Published: May 2023

This case discusses a man in his 20s, referred to the ear, nose and
throat department with a suspected ear lobe abscess. He presented with a
5-day history of worsening ear pain, fevers and localised papules. An
in-depth history showed a relevant sexual health history and medical
history. Initial investigations shone no light on the cause of the
infection. A second presentation with further generalised symptoms,
including further outbreaks of pustules, led to PCR testing, confirming the
presence of mpox (monkeypox) virus. He was admitted to the infectious
disease ward where he made a good recovery and was supported until
discharge.
One-session treatment is as effective as multi-session therapy for young people with phobias
Authors: Saul Helen , Deeney Brendan , Kwint Jemma , Gega Lina
Published: May 2023

The study

Wright B, Tindall L, Scott AJ, et al. One-session treatment compared with multisession CBT in children aged 7-16 years with specific phobias: the ASPECT non-inferiority RCT.
Health Technol Assess
2022;26:1-174.

To read the full NIHR Alert, go to:
https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/one-session-cbt-treatment-effective-for-young-people-with-phobias/
Longitudinal investigation of the presence of different trajectories and associated health and socio-economic determinants, for participants who report suicidal ideation within a community-based public health survey
Authors: Mulholland Helen , Whittington Richard , Lane Steven , Haines-Delmont Alina , Nathan Rajan , Saini Pooja , Kullu Cecil , Comerford Terence , Yameen Farheen , Corcoran Rhiannon
Published: May 2023

Objective

Given the paucity of evidence-based research investigating different suicidal ideation profiles and trajectories, this project sought to investigate health and socio-economic factors associated with the presence of suicidal ideation and changes in ideation over time.

Design

Longitudinal cohort design, using logistic regression analysis.

Setting

A public health survey was administered at two timepoints in a community setting across the North West of England. In the 2015/2016 survey, participants were recruited from high (n=20) and low (n=8) deprivation neighbourhoods. In the 2018 survey, only the 20 high-deprivation neighbourhoods were included.

Participants

4287 people were recruited in 2015/2016 and 3361 were recruited in 2018. The 2018 sample was subdivided into those who responded only in 2018 (n=2494: replication sample) and those who responded at both timepoints (n=867: longitudinal sample).

Primary outcome measures

Suicide ideation was the dependent variable which was assessed using item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire instrument.

Results

The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 11% (n=454/4319) at 2015/2016 and 16% (n=546/3361) at 2018.

Replication study results highlighted: persistent debilitation from physical ill health and/or medication side effects; demographic factors (ie, middle-aged, single or never married); and personal coping strategies (ie, smoking) as risk factors for suicidal ideation. A static/improved financial position and high levels of empathy were protective factors.

Longitudinal study results confirmed three suicidal ideation trajectories: ‘onset’, ‘remission’ and ‘persistence’. Similar findings to the replication study were evidenced for the onset and persistence trajectories. Persistent suicidal ideation was synonymous with higher levels of practical support which may correspond to the higher levels of debilitation and functional disability reported within this group. Remission was characterised by fewer debilitating factors and higher levels of self-agency.

Conclusion

A greater appreciation of the heterogeneity of suicidal trajectories should lead to the implementation of broad clinical assessments and targeted interventions.
Association between hearing loss and deprivation among Welsh adults: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Allum Jack , Meredith Rhys , Uus Kai , Kirkham Jamie J , Dawes Piers
Published: May 2023

Objective

To index levels of hearing loss with respect to area-level indices of deprivation in a Welsh population.

Design

A cross-sectional observational study of all adults (aged >18) that attended Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University (ABMU) Health Board audiology services between 2016 and 2018. Service access, first hearing aid fitting appointment rates and hearing loss at time of first hearing aid provision were used to index population hearing loss versus area-level indices of deprivation based on patient postcode.

Setting

Primary and secondary care.

Participants

59 493 patient entries met the inclusion criteria. Patient entries were grouped by age (18–30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, 71–80, >80 years) and deprivation decile.

Results

The interaction between age group and deprivation decile predicted access rate to ABMU audiology services (b=−0.24, t(6858) = −2.86, p<0.01) with audiology services accessed more frequently by the most deprived versus the least deprived decile in every age group (p<0.05), except the >80 years. First hearing aid fitting rates were highest among the most deprived in the four youngest age groups (p<0.05). Severity of hearing loss at the time of first hearing aid fitting was worse among the most deprived in the five oldest age groups (p<0.01).

Conclusions

Hearing health inequalities are prevalent among adults accessing ABMU audiology services. Our findings suggest that deprivation increases the likelihood of developing hearing loss, brings earlier onset of hearing loss and is linked to delays in getting help for hearing problems. However, it is not possible to know the true scale of these disparities without knowing the hearing health of the Welsh adult population including those who do not seek help for hearing problems.
Preconception health and care policies, strategies and guidelines in the UK and Ireland: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Cassinelli Emma H , McKinley Michelle C , Kent Lisa , Eastwood Kelly-Ann , Schoenaker Danielle A J M , Trew David , Stoikidou Theano , McGowan Laura
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Preconception care can significantly improve maternal and infant outcomes, and thus optimise intergenerational health. The aims of this scoping review are to (1) provide an up-to-date summary of preconception health and care strategies, policies, guidelines, frameworks and recommendations across the UK and Ireland and (2) explore preconception health and care services and interventions in Northern Ireland as a case study.

Methods and analysis

This scoping review of grey literature will be conducted as per the Scoping Review Methods Manual by the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Arksey-O’Malley framework for scoping studies, and reported in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Searches were conducted on Google Advanced Search, OpenAire, NICE, ProQuest and relevant public health websites in May 2022. Only results published, reviewed or updated between January 2011 and the time of the searches (May 2022) were considered for inclusion. In addition, searches on interventions and services provided in Northern Ireland will be supplemented by consultations and audits with key stakeholders to validate findings, identify other potentially eligible resources and ensure breadth of coverage. Data will be extracted into Excel and coded using NVivo, and ≥10% of the data will be double-coded. A narrative approach with content analysis highlighting key themes and concepts will be used to report findings.

Throughout the research cycle, members of the wider public will be involved and engaged with to provide feedback.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required as analyses will be conducted on data available in the public domain. Findings will be shared with relevant stakeholders with the aim to inform future research, practice and decision-making, and disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and infographics. Dissemination plans will be informed by the ‘Healthy Reproductive Years’ patient and public involvement and engagement advisory panel.
Relationship between grip strength during hospitalisation and mental disorders after discharge in critically ill patients: a post-hoc analysis of a prospective observational study
Authors: Notsuyu Ayano , Naraba Hiromu , Liu Keibun , Ikechi Daisuke , Nakano Hidehiko , Mochizuki Masaki , Takahashi Yuji , Watanabe Shinichi , Morita Yasunari , Kotani Toru , Nakamura Kensuke
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) is a recognised sequela after critical care. The development of an index that predicts PICS mental disorders will be of significance for the selection of subsequent interventions. The purpose of this study was to find factors associated with PICS mental disorders. We hypothesised that grip strength during hospitalisation may be associated with the PICS mental status after discharge.

Design

A post-hoc analysis of a multicentre prospective observational study.

Setting

Nine hospitals in Japan.

Participants

Patients who were newly admitted to intensive care unit and stayed for at least 48 hours were included. Exclusion criteria were patients younger than 18 years, those who required assistance with ambulation prior to admission, those with concomitant central nervous system disorders and those with terminal conditions.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Psychiatric symptoms 3 months after discharge were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The HADS total score (HADS-total) was assigned as the primary outcome.

Results

98 patients were included into this study. Grip strength at discharge negatively correlated with HADS-total 3 months after discharge (r=−0.37, p<0.001, 95% CI −0.53 to −0.18). A multivariate analysis showed that grip strength was associated with anxiety (p=0.025, 95% CI −0.21 to −0.015). Area under the curve for HADS anxiety score with grip strength at discharge was higher than that with Medical Research Council scores and the Barthel Index (0.71, 0.60, 0.61).

Conclusions

Grip strength at discharge correlated with mental disorders 3 months after discharge. Therefore, it may be useful for predicting postdischarge mental disorders.

Trial registration number

UMIN000036503.
Low adoption in women’s professional football: teams that used the Nordic Hamstring Exercise in the team training had fewer match hamstring injuries
Authors: Ekstrand Jan , Hallén Anna , Gauffin Håkan , Bengtsson Håkan
Published: May 2023

Objectives

The primary objective was to study the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance of the Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) programme in women’s elite teams in Europe in the 2020–21 season. The secondary objective was to compare hamstring injury rates between teams that used the NHE programme regularly in team training and teams that did not.

Methods

Eleven teams participating in the Women’s Elite Club Injury Study during the 2020–21 season provided data about injury rates and the implementation of the NHE programme.

Results

One team (9%) used the full original NHE programme, and four teams used the programme in the team training during parts of the season (team training group, n=5). Five teams did not use the NHE, or used it only sporadically for individual players, and one team used NHE only for players with a previous or current hamstring injury (no team training group, n=6). The team training group had a lower incidence of hamstring injuries during match-play (1.4 vs 4.0, p=0.028) than the non-team training group while no difference between groups was shown for the hamstring injury incidence in training (0.6 vs 0.7, p=0.502).

Conclusion

A low adoption of the NHE programme was reported during the 2020–21 season. However, teams that used NHE for the whole team or most players had a lower hamstring injury incidence at match-play than teams that did not use the NHE or used it for individual players only.
Pregnancy-related aortic complications in women with bicuspid aortic valve
Authors: Galian-Gay Laura , Pijuan-Domenech Antonia , Cantalapiedra-Romero Javier , Serrano Berta , Goya Maria , Maiz Nerea , Casellas Manel , Manrique Susana , Suàrez-Edo Elena , Miranda-Barrio Berta , Gordon Ramirez Blanca , Teixidó-Turà Gisela , Gutierrez-Moreno Laura , González-Fernández Victor , Dux-Santoy Lydia , Guala Andrea , Evangelista Arturo , Dos-Subirà Laura , Rodriguez-Palomares Jose F , Ferreira-Gonzalez Ignacio
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To describe the aortic-related risks associated with pregnancy in women with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and to evaluate changes in aortic diameter in pregnancy.

Methods

Prospective observational study of patients with BAV from a single-site registry of pregnant women with structural heart disease between 2013 and 2020. Cardiac, obstetric and neonatal outcomes were studied. An assessment of aortic dimensions was performed during pregnancy by two-dimensional echocardiography. Aortic diameters were measured at the annulus, root, sinotubular junction and maximum ascending aorta diameter, and the largest diameter was used. Measurements of the aorta were made using the end-diastolic leading edge-to-leading edge convention.

Results

Forty-three women (32.9 years, IQR 29.6–35.3) with BAV were included: 9 (20.9%) had repaired aortic coarctation; 23 (53.5%) had moderate or severe aortic valve disease; 5 (11.6%) had a bioprosthetic aortic valve; and 2 (4.7%) had a mechanical prosthetic aortic valve. Twenty (47.0%) were nulliparous. The mean aortic diameter in the first trimester was 38.5 (SD 4.9) mm, and that in the third trimester was 38.4 (SD 4.8) mm. Forty (93.0%) women had an aortic diameter of <45 mm; 3 (7.0%) had 45–50 mm; and none had >50 mm. Three women (6.9%) with BAV presented cardiovascular complications during pregnancy or the postpartum period (two prosthetic thrombosis and one heart failure). No aortic complications were reported. There was a small but significant increase in aortic diameter during pregnancy (third trimester vs first trimester, 0.52 (SD 1.08) mm; p=0.03). Obstetric complications appeared in seven (16.3%) of pregnancies, and there were no maternal deaths. Vaginal non-instrumental delivery was performed in 21 (51.2%) out of 41 cases. There were no neonatal deaths, and the mean newborn weight was 3130 g (95% CI 2652 to 3380).

Conclusions

Pregnancy in BAV women had a low rate of cardiac complications with no aortic complications observed in a small study group. Neither aortic dissection nor need for aortic surgery was reported. A low but significant aortic growth was observed during pregnancy. Although requiring follow-up, the risk of aortic complications in pregnant women with BAV and aortic diameters of <45 mm at baseline is low.
Effect of race on pressure recovery adjustment for prevention of aortic stenosis grading discordance
Authors: Oh Jin Kyung , Shen Mylène , Guzzetti Ezequiel , Tastet Lionel , Loganath Krithika , Botezatu Simona , Lee Seung-Ah , Lee Sahmin , Kim Dae-Hee , Song Jong-Min , Kang Duk-Hyun , Dweck Marc R , Pibarot Philippe , Clavel Marie-Annick , Song Jae-Kwan
Published: May 2023

Objective

We sought to evaluate the potential impact of racial difference (Asians vs Caucasians) on the clinical usefulness of pressure recovery (PR) adjustment for preventing discordant aortic stenosis (AS) grading in patients with severe AS.

Methods

Data from 1450 patients (mean age, 70.2±10.6 years; 290 (20%) Caucasians; aortic valve area (AVA), 0.77±0.26 cm2) were retrospectively analysed. PR-adjusted AVA was calculated using a validated equation. Discordant grading of severe AS was defined as AVA of <1.0 cm2and mean gradient of <40 mm Hg. The frequency of discordant grading was assessed in the overall cohort and the propensity score-matched cohort.

Results

Before PR adjustment, 1186 patients showed AVA values of <1.0 cm2; after PR adjustment, 170 (14.3%) were reclassified as having moderate AS. PR adjustment decreased the frequency of discordant grading from 31.4% to 14.1% in Caucasians and from 13.8% to 7.9% in Asians. Patients with reclassification to moderate AS after PR adjustment had a significantly lower risk of a composite of aortic valve replacement or all-cause death than did those with severe AS after PR adjustment (HR 0.38; 95% CI 0.31–0.46; p<0.001). In propensity score-matched cohorts (173 pairs), the frequency of discordant grading before PR adjustment was 42.2% and 43.9% in the Caucasian and Asian patients, respectively, which decreased to 21.4% and 20.2%, respectively, after PR adjustment.

Conclusions

Clinically relevant PR occurred, regardless of race in patients with moderate to severe AS. Routine PR adjustment may be useful for reconciling discordant AS grading.
Androgen receptor blockade resistance with enzalutamide in prostate cancer results in immunosuppressive alterations in the tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Yang Joy C , Chen Bo , Nip Christopher , Van Dyke Jonathan E , Zhang Xiong , Chen Hong-Wu , Evans Christopher P , Murphy William J , Liu Chengfei
Published: May 2023

Background

Emerging data suggest that patients with enzalutamide-treated prostate cancer with increased programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression may benefit from anti-PD-L1 treatment. Unfortunately, the Phase III IMbassador250 clinical trial revealed that the combination of atezolizumab (a PD-L1 inhibitor) and enzalutamide failed to extend overall survival in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the mechanisms underlying treatment failure remain unknown.

Methods

Human CRPC C4-2B cells and murine Myc-CaP cells were chronically exposed to increasing concentrations of enzalutamide and the cells resistant to enzalutamide were referred to as C4-2B MDVR and Myc-CaP MDVR, respectively. The mechanisms of action in drug-resistant prostate cancer cells were determined using RNA sequencing analyses, RNA interference, real-time PCR, western blotting, and co-culturing technologies. Myc-CaP and Myc-CaP MDVR tumors were established in syngeneic FVB mice, and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes were isolated after enzalutamide treatment. The stained immune cells were determined by flow cytometry, and the data were analyzed using FlowJo.

Results

Immune-related signaling pathways (interferon alpha/gamma response, inflammatory response, and cell chemotaxis) were suppressed in human enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells. PD-L1 was overexpressed and negatively regulated by androgen receptor signaling in resistant cells and patient with CRPC cohorts. Enzalutamide treatment decreased CD8+T-cell numbers but increased monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell (M-MDSC) populations and PD-L1 expression within murine Myc-CaP tumors. Similarly, chemotaxis and immune response-regulating signaling pathways were suppressed, and PD-L1 expression was also increased using enzalutamide-resistant Myc-CaP MDVR cells. Notably, MDSC populations were significantly increased in Myc-CaP MDVR orthotopic tumors compared with those in Myc-CaP parental tumors. Co-culturing bone marrow cells with Myc-CaP MDVR cells significantly promoted MDSC differentiation and shifted towards M2 macrophage skewing.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that immunosuppressive signaling can be promoted directly by enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells and may be a potential means by which the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer is diminished.
Impact of stent-retriever tip design on distal embolization during mechanical thrombectomy: a randomized in vitro evaluation
Authors: Li Jiahui , Tiberi Riccardo , Bhogal Pervinder , Buhk Jan-Hendrik , Behme Daniel , Tomasello Alejandro , Ribo Marc
Published: May 2023

Background

Repeated number of passes, clot fragmentation, and distal embolization during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) lead to worse clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. This study aimed to assess the recanalization and embolic outcomes of different stent-retrievers (SRs): open-tip SR (Solitaire X 6×40 mm), closed-tip SR (EmboTrap II 5×33 mm), and filter-tip SR (NeVa NET 5.5×37 mm).

Methods

Stiff-friable clot analogs were used to create middle cerebral artery (M1-MCA) occlusions in a benchtop model. After occlusion, experiments were randomized into one of the three treatment arms. The thrombectomy technique consisted of retrieving the SR into a balloon guide catheter under proximal flow arrest and continuous aspiration. A total of 150 single-attempt cases were performed (50 cases/treatment arm). Distal emboli (>100 µm) were collected and analyzed after each experiment.

Results

Filter-tip SR achieved a non-significantly higher first-pass recanalization rate than open-tip SR and closed-tip SR (66% vs 48% vs 44%; P=0.064). Filter-tip SR prevented clot fragments>1 mm from embolizing distal territories in 44% of cases, compared with 16% in open-tip SR and 20% in closed-tip (P=0.003). There were no significant differences between treatment arms in terms of total emboli count (open-tip=19.2±13.1, closed-tip=19.1±10.7, filter-tip=17.2±13.0; P=0.660). Nonetheless, the number of large emboli (>1 mm) and total area of emboli were significantly lower in the filter-tip arm (n=0.88±1.2, A=2.06±1.85 mm
2
) than in the closed-tip arm (n=2.34±3.38, A=4.06±4.80 mm
2
; P<0.05).

Conclusions

When facing fragment-prone clots, the filter-tip SR significantly reduces the number of large clots (>1 mm) that embolize distally during an MT procedure, which in turn may increase the chances of first-pass complete recanalization.
Evaluating transformative health leadership education for Indigenous health: a mixed methods study
Authors: Lu Michelle , Moinul Dina , Crooks Rachel , Kelly-Turner Kenna , Roze des Ordons Amanda , Keegan David , Roach Pamela
Published: May 2023

Background

There is an urgent need to improve structural competency and anti-racism education across health systems. Many leaders in health systems have the ability and responsibility to play a significant role in policy change and transforming healthcare delivery to address health inequities and injustices. The aim of this project was to evaluate a new health leadership Indigenous health course: PLUS4I.

Methods

A mixed methods design grounded in a pragmatic paradigm was used. Attendees to the first four cohorts (n=75) were sent an invitation to complete a survey evaluating their learning immediately after the completion of PLUS4I. We retrospectively collected self-efficacy ratings from participants who were also invited to participate in a semi-structured interview about their experience in PLUS4I. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted for the quantitative assessment of the survey data. A qualitative descriptive approach to thematic analysis was used for the qualitative interview data.

Results

A total of 45 completed quantitative evaluations (n=45) were completed across all four cohorts. Paired t-tests were used to show pre-changes and post-changes in self-reported confidence on a 6-point Likert scale across four categories of activities. Improvements were seen in the ratings across all categories of activities, and all were statistically significant (p<0.001). Two overarching themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: breaking down previous knowledge and critical applications; building new knowledge and change-making competencies. The qualitative interviews (n=25) averaged 32:23 min, with 18 female (72%) and 7 male (28%) interview participants.

Conclusion

Future work will support expansion of the PLUS4I course into other work environments and faculties, where the learning environment, structure and relevant Truth and Reconciliation Calls to Action may be different. This work responds to the urgent need to create systems-level change to address structural racism and implement high-quality Indigenous health and anti-racism education.
Generation of copper fluoroalkyl complexes (CuRFLn) from chlorotrifluoroethylene and −RF transfer to aroyl chlorides
Authors: Porto Luana L.T.N. , Seifi Moutasem , Johnson Nicole , Baker R. Tom
Published: May 2023

Given the importance of fluorinated drugs and agrochemicals, fluoroalkylation of organic electrophiles that can be performed at a late stage of chemical synthesis has attracted a flurry of contributions. New fluoroalkyl groups can be obtained by insertion of fluoroalkenes into Cu–H bonds. Chlorotrifluoroethylene undergoes regioselective insertion in its reaction with Stryker's reagent, [CuH(PPh3)]6 and triphos to give [Cu(CFClCF2H)(μ−κ1,κ2-triphos)]2, which mediates the fluoroalkylation of several aroyl chlorides (triphos = bis(2-diphenylphosphinoethyl)-phenylphosphine). In contrast, attempted −RF transfer to aryl iodides instead affords aryl–aryl coupling products.
Evaluation of treatment methods for spiking deoxynivalenol (DON) in single corn kernels
Authors: Rathna Priya T.S. , Manickavasagan Annamalai
Published: May 2023

Current research on deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene secondary metabolite produced by the Fusarium species in corn grains, relies on the time-consuming field inoculation of Fusarium species with unpredictable and low recovery rates of DON in grains. The objective of this study was to evaluate three methods: soaking whole grains, soaking cracked grains, and injection in three solvents (distilled water, methanol, and acetonitrile) at three toxin concentration levels (1, 5, and 10 µg/g) for facilitating DON absorption in corn grains. The effectiveness of each treatment method and the performance of each solvent in aiding DON absorption were analysed and compared with the recovery rates of DON in the treated corn grains. The treatment methods, solvent, and DON concentration in solvent had significant effect on the recovery rate of DON in treated kernels. Injecting whole grains showed the highest recovery rates of DON (60%–108%) followed by soaking cracked grains (10%–87%) and whole grain (10%–72%) treatment methods. Distilled water showed the highest recovery rates in both soaking (53%–87%) and injection (74%–105%) treatment methods followed by methanol (18%–68% for soaking; 66%–103% for injection) and acetonitrile (10%–36% for soaking; 61%–108% for injection). Water dispersed the arrangement of starch granules but caused no changes in their surface morphology. Methanol and acetonitrile showed disruptive effects on the surface morphology of starch granules.
Isovector meson masses from QCD sum rules
Authors: Nasrallah Nasrallah F. , Schilcher Karl
Published: May 2023

We present a calculation of the masses of the isovector mesons (vector, scalar and pseudoscalar including the established recurrences) using a new method of finite energy QCD sum rules. The method is based on the idea of choosing a suitable integration kernel which minimizes the occurring integral over the cut in the complex energy (squared) plane. We obtain remarkably stable results in a wide range [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the radius of the integration contour. The sum rule predictions agree with the experimental values within the expected accuracy showing that QCD describes single resonances.
Iterative Training Attack: A Black-Box Adversarial Attack via Perturbation Generative Network
Authors: Lei Hong , Jiang Wei , Zhan Jinyu , You Shen , Jin Lingxin , Xie Xiaona , Chang Zhengwei
Published: May 2023

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples. While there are many methods for generating adversarial examples using neural networks, creating such examples with high perceptual quality and improved training remains an area of active research. In this paper, we propose the Iterative Training Attack (ITA), a black-box attack based on a perturbation generative network for generating adversarial examples. ITA generates such examples by randomly initializing the perturbation generative network multiple times, iteratively training and optimizing a refined loss function. Compared to other neural network-based attacks, our proposed method generates adversarial examples with higher attack rates and within a small perturbation range even when the advanced defense is employed. Despite being a black-box attack, ITA outperforms gradient-based white-box attacks even under basic standards. The authors evaluated their method on a TRADES robust model trained with the MNIST dataset and achieved a robust accuracy of 92.46%, the highest among the evaluated methods.
Tri-plane diagrams for simple surfaces in S4
Authors: Allred Wolfgang , Aragón Manuel , Dooley Zack , Goldman Alexander , Lei Yucong , Martinez Isaiah , Meyer Nicholas , Peters Devon , Warrander Scott , Wright Ana , Zupan Alexander
Published: May 2023

Meier and Zupan proved that an orientable surface [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] admits a tri-plane diagram with zero crossings if and only if [Formula: see text] is unknotted, so that the crossing number of [Formula: see text] is zero. We determine the minimal crossing numbers of nonorientable unknotted surfaces in [Formula: see text], proving that [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] denotes the connected sum of [Formula: see text] unknotted projective planes with normal Euler number [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] unknotted projective planes with normal Euler number [Formula: see text]. In addition, we convert Yoshikawa’s table of knotted surface ch-diagrams to tri-plane diagrams, finding the minimal bridge number for each surface in the table and providing upper bounds for the crossing numbers.
Analysis of super-deformed bands in A∼150 mass region: The principal-axis cranking versus the variable moment of inertia
Authors: Malik Sham S. , Puri Rajeev K.
Published: May 2023

A systematic study of the super-deformed (SD) bands in [Formula: see text] mass region is carried out by using two different approaches, namely, the Principal-axis Cranking (PAC) and the Variable Moment of Inertia (VMI). Both these approaches not only support each other’s results but also their hand-in-hand calculations help us in establishing the prominent features, like the band-head spin, parity, quadrupole moment and excitation energy, of the observed SD bands. Since the rotational frequency in the PAC model depends on angular momentum, parity, and quadrupole moment, by identifying the most common rotational frequency between the calculations and the experimentally observed ones, the band-head spin, and parity are likely to be extracted. On the other hand, the VMI model calculations are quite simple and are capable of predicting the threshold limits of band-head spin, the quadrupole moment, and the excitation energy, which in turn are significantly useful for deciding an appropriate configuration assignment in the PAC model calculations of the existing as well as upcoming SD bands. Further, the VMI model calculations involve the variation of the moment of inertia with angular momentum, which in turn is quite helpful in understanding the mechanism of the observed identical SD bands between a pair of neighboring nuclei.
Butson–Hadamard matrices and Plotkin-optimal codes over ℤpe
Authors: Acar Damla , Saraç Bülent , Yayla Oguz
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we deal with codes obtained from Butson–Hadamard matrices, called BH codes, focusing on their minimum distances. We first consider the usual Hamming distance and find lower bounds for distances of BH codes. Then we turn our attention to homogeneous weights, and search for distances of BH code families under these weights. Next, we introduce the notion of quasi-homogeneous weights as a generalization of homogeneous weights and show that certain BH codes equipped with quasi-homogeneous weights are Plotkin optimal. In addition, we obtain distances of BH codes under certain quasi-homogeneous weights. Our results are applied to determine parameters of [Formula: see text]-ary codes projected under Gray isometries from BH codes over [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a prime number and [Formula: see text] is an integer.
Zero-divisor graphs and zero-divisor functors
Authors: Sbarra Enrico , Zanardo Maurizio
Published: May 2023

Inspired by a very recent work of A. Đurić, S. Jevđenić and N. Stopar, we introduce a new definition of zero-divisor graphs attached to rings that includes all of the classical definitions already known in the literature. We provide an interpretation of such graphs by means of a functor that we call zero-divisor functor and which is associated with a family of special equivalence relations fixed beforehand. We thus recover and generalize many known results for zero-divisor graphs and provide a framework which might be useful for further investigations on this topic.
A Data Mining Framework for Maintenance Prediction of Faulty Products Under Warranty
Authors: Al-Refaie Abbas , Hamdieh Banan Abu
Published: May 2023

Predicting the sequential patterns of maintenance activities (replacement or repair) with the needed spare parts for faulty products becomes the main challenge to maintenance engineers. This research, therefore, develops a data mining framework for predicting the integrated sequential patterns of maintenance activities and identifying the classification of the frequent components’ spare parts for faulty products under warranty. In this framework, a large data set was mined for products under warranty including product attributes, maintenance activities, and spare parts. Then, data mining techniques were performed to determine the frequent sequence pattern of maintenance activities, involving: the selection of monthly maintenance activities, generalized sequential patterns (GSP), generation of association rules, and rule-based classification with/without considering product attributes. The frequent sequential patterns were validated using testing data. Further, the GSP was applied to determine the frequent sequential patterns of spare parts. Finally, integrated sequential patterns were generated for maintenance activities and spare parts. A case study of water-cooled chiller products was deployed to illustrate the developed framework. The effectiveness of the framework was illustrated with the warranty data mining for a water-cooled chiller. In conclusion, the proposed framework allows maintenance engineers to extract hidden knowledge regarding sequential patterns of maintenance planning and provides valuable information for maintenance prediction.
Vulnerability of Pointed Masonry Barrel Vaults Subjected to Differential Settlement Simulated with a GPGPU-Parallelized FDEM
Authors: Chen Xudong , Ou Weibing , Chan Andrew H. C. , Liu Hongyuan , Fukuda Daisuke
Published: May 2023

Pointed masonry barrel vaults are widely used in classical historic structures, such as cathedrals and aqueducts, and they are very sensitive to differential settlement. These vaults are assemblages of masonry units and mortar. Since the bonding strength of mortar degrades over ages, dry-joint assumption is widely accepted. Failure behavior of dry-joint pointed masonry barrel vaults subjected to differential settlement is highly complex, discontinuous, and nonlinear. In this study, a 3D GPGPU-parallelized hybrid finite-discrete element method (FDEM), which is an advanced extension of finite element method (FEM) and discrete element method (DEM), is employed to investigate the capacity of pointed masonry barrel vaults subjected to differential settlement. When modeling barrel vaults with 3D FDEM, each masonry unit is discretized into a couple of four-node tetrahedral elements whose deformability is characterized by standard finite element formulation. Thus, structural deformation and interaction forces can be obtained in an accurate manner. Numerical examples are presented and validated with results from literatures. A base case is selected, and the influence of embrace angle ([Formula: see text], sharpness (Sh), stockiness (St), and out-of-plane length ([Formula: see text] on the failure behavior is parametrically investigated. The larger the [Formula: see text] or Sh, the smaller the ultimate settlement. The same applies to St in general, while an excessively large St results in small ultimate settlement due to sliding. The influence of [Formula: see text] can be mitigated should it is large enough compared with the span. It is demonstrated that the 3D GPGPU-parallelized FDEM is a robust tool for analyzing the vulnerability of pointed masonry barrel vaults subjected to differential settlement.
Dissipation of Incident Wave Energy by Two Submerged Horizontal Porous Plates Over a Pair of Trenches
Authors: Choudhary Sunita , Martha S. C.
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the interaction of oblique water waves by two non-uniform submerged horizontal porous plates in the presence of a pair of trenches is analyzed towards the study of effective breakwater. The problem is modeled based on Darcy’s law for flow past a porous structure. The series solutions through matching conditions establish an over-determined system of equations, which is solved using the least-square method, giving rise to results for essential quantities such as dissipation coefficient, transmission and reflection coefficients, elevation and force whose graphs are oscillatory as a function of gap length. The study reveals that the submergence depth [Formula: see text] is the best value for many values of gap length, producing more dissipation and less force on the barriers. It is also found that after the critical angle, the force for all submergence depths is almost same. The porosity plays an important role in avoiding zero reflection and full transmission which will oscillate periodically with maxima and minima occurring. Hence, two submerged horizontal porous plates over uneven bottom topography will play a vital role in constructing an effective submerged breakwater reducing high wave impact.
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Ni Nanoparticles Embedded in Vinyl Polymer Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Nagar Swati , Mukherjee G. S. , Banerjee M.
Published: May 2023

Ni nanoparticles layer of nominal thickness in the range of 5–40[Formula: see text]nm were deposited on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film by using the ion beam sputtering (IBS) technique. PVA films were made on a quartz substrate by the solution casting technique. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) results reveal Ni is present in a metallic form in the FCC phase. AFM shows that roughness increases with increase in thickness of Ni layer and corresponding MFM images of magnetic domains were recorded. Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (SXAS) studies on the PVA/Ni nanocomposites films were recorded using synchrotron radiation. This study is used to study the electronic structure of the as-prepared nanocomposite films and reveals that Ni nanoparticles are present in their metallic form. Magnetic properties were measured using the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) magnetometer and the films were found to be magnetically soft with higher value of coercivity at lower thickness of Ni nanoparticles layer. The results of magnetic studies are discussed in light of the microstructure and morphological features of PVA/Ni nanocomposite films. The PVA/Ni nanocomposites showed interesting anisotropic magnetic behavior; thus the investigative results may be useful for the development of futuristic flexible functional magnetic material system.