bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between anemia and Kt/V index in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis
Authors: Hasanzamani Boshra , Ghorban  Sabbagh Mahin
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Anemia in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) can cause serious problems for patients. Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate whether the type or adequacy of dialysis can affect the incidence of anemia in these patients. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 57 patients with ESRD, who were referred to Qaem and Imam Reza hospitals, Mashhad, Iran. The patients were divided into two groups of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) (n=37 patients) and hemodialysis (n=20 patients). Patients had no laboratory evidence of iron deficiency or hyperparathyroidism. Enrolled patients were received vitamin B12 and folic acid too. Hemoglobin concentration of under 11 mg/dL was considered as anemia. Adequacy of dialysis was evaluated by Kt/V index (>1.2 for hemodialysis and >1.7 per week for peritoneal dialysis). We compared different factors in these two groups, including anemia and Kt/V, and evaluated their relationship. Results: Around 27% and 65% of the patients on CAPD and hemodialysis were anemic respectively (P=0.005). Adequacy of dialysis in CAPD was acceptable in 81.1% of the cases, while target Kt/V was achieved in 50% of the patients on hemodialysis. Dialysis adequacy was significantly higher in patients receiving CAPD (P=0.014). No significant correlation between the incidence of anemia and Kt/V in both types of dialysis was found (P>0.05). Conclusion: Anemia was mostly observed in patients receiving hemodialysis as compared to CAPD. Regardless of the type of dialysis, adequacy of dialysis did not affect the incidence of anemia in any of the groups.
Beyond renoprotective impact; ameliorative effects of metformin on malignancies
Authors: Dorestan Nozar , Bahadoram Mohammad , Khosravi Mohammadreza , Bahadoram Sara , Davoodi Mohammad , Barahman Maedeh
Published: February 2020

Diabetes therapies were associated with either a reduced or increased risk of cancer. There are continuous discussions about a possible protective action of metformin. In fact, metformin, a commonly consumed anti-diabetic medication has an ameliorative impact on some cancers by direct (preventing cell growth and apoptosis) and indirect (increasing insulin sensitivity) effects. Observational reports have suggested which metformin reduces the incidence of few common cancers. In general, metformin is an extensively recommended anti-diabetic medication with a recognized ability coupled with a satisfactory and safety profile and inexpensive. This review article considers reduction and protective abilities of metformin on cancers especially prostate, liver, breast, lung, and colon cancer.
The value of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT Pro-BNP) to predict sudden cardiac death in chronic heart failure patients with normal renal function; a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sheikhvatan Mehrdad , Ataei Zhaleh , Heydari Aigin , Zahergivar Aryan
Published: February 2020

Context: The role of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT pro-BNP) has been understood as an important and critical biomarker in the diagnosis and predicting poor outcome of cardiac dysfunction. Objectives: We aimed to systematically review the papers on the value of NT pro-BNP in prediction of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. Data Sources: This study was based on the Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) study reporting system. Study Selection: During the deep searches using the keywords, 67 studies were initially considered for primary assessment. Of those, 12 were completely matched with the study endpoint. In final, six were excluded because of unavailability of full texts or acquired data and thus six studies were finally analyzed. Data Extraction: Two researchers independently used the key words "chronic heart failure, B-type natriuretic peptide, sudden cardiac death" and their combination and searched the national and international databases including Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer, and the Google Scholar search engine. Results: The pooled prevalence of SCD in CHF patients was found to be 6.9% (95% CI: 5.2% to 9.0%). The statistical heterogeneity was high with an I2 of 84.488. Abnormal elevated level of NT pro-BNP was significantly associated with the increased risk for SCD with a hazard ratio of 4.2 (95% CI: 2.2 to 8.7). Conclusion: Measuring the serum level of NT pro-BNP in CHF patients can be valuable to predict long-term SCD. In this regard, significant elevation of this biomarker may be associated with the four-fold risk of SCD in such patients.
ÇEŞİTLİ MADEN SULARINDA ANYON VE KATYON MİKTARLARININ BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: ORUÇ Yağmur , İZGİ Belgin
Published: February 2020

Maden suyu insan sağlığı açısından yararlı mineralleri yüksek oranda bünyesinde bulunduran doğal bir gıda ürünüdür. Bu mineraller insan vücudunda sentezlenemez ve dışarıdan alınmalıdır. Çalışmanın amacı, maden sularının mevcut mineral içeriği üzerine katkı maddelerinden gelebilecek olumlu/olumsuz etkilerinin olup olmadığı yanı sıra bu sınıftaki içeceklerin gerçekten zengin mineralli su ile hazırlanıp/hazırlanmadığının belirlenmesidir. Çalışma kapsamında; ticari olarak piyasada bulunan 4 farklı kategoride; sade, aroma, meyve konsantresi ve vitamin katkılı maden suyu çeşitlerinde iletkenlik detektörlü iyon kromatograsi (IC-CD) kullanılarak, anyon (Cl-, F-, NO2-, NO3-, PO43-, SO42-) ve katyon (Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) içerikleri kıyaslanmıştır. SO4 için; katkısız maden suyunda, aroma, vitamin ve meyve katkılı maden suyunda konsantrasyonları sırası ile 24.55 mg/L, 21.52 mg/L, 21.20 mg/L ve 55.08 mg/L olarak tespit edildi. K için ise; katkısız maden suyunda, aroma, vitamin ve meyve katkılı maden suyunda konsantrasyonları sırası ile 27.97 mg/L, 22.51 mg/L, 26.10 mg/L ve 185.60 mg/L olarak tespit edildi.
Einfluss der Digitalisierung auf Kooperationen im Mittelstand - Status Quo und zukünftige Entwicklungen
Authors: Becker Wolfgang , Stradtmann Meike , Kraus Raphael
Published: February 2020

Die Digitalisierung als omnipräsenter Megatrend eröffnet durch die Nutzung diverser Informations- und Kommunikationstechniken neue Möglichkeiten der unternehmensübergreifenden Vernetzung. Von dieser Entwicklung sind vor allem Mittelständler betroffen, die sich zumeist in kooperativen Kunden-Zulieferer-Beziehungen befinden. Ungeklärt bleibt, welchen Einfluss die Digitalisierung derzeit auf Kooperationen im Mittelstand ausübt und welche zukünftige Entwicklung prognostiziert wird, was Thema dieses Beitrags ist.
Gestaltungsherausforderungen der digitalen Transformation: Pfade erkennen, gestalten oder verlassen?
Authors: Gersch Martin , Güldenberg Stefan , Güttel Wolfgang H. , Müller-Seitz Gordon , Renzl Birgit , Schulz Ann-Christine
Published: February 2020

Digitale Transformation beschreibt den gegenwärtigen Wandel in Unternehmen Prozesse, Produkte und Geschäftsmodelle mit Hilfe neuer - digitaler - Technologien weiterzuentwickeln. Die Technologie ist dabei nicht das Problem. Vielmehr ist deren Einbettung in die Unternehmensstrategie, in die bestehende Unternehmenskultur sowie die Modifikation bestehender Geschäftsprozesse die Kernherausforderung für Unternehmen, um den Entwicklungspfad an neue Gegebenheiten anzupassen.
Management der digitalen Transformation
Authors: Müller-Seitz Gordon
Published: February 2020

Wie das Thema Management der digitalen Transformation erfolgreich in die zentralen Tätigkeitsfelder einer jeden Professur – Forschung, Lehre und Praxis – integriert werden kann, steht im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrags. Hierfür wird ein Werkstattbericht von dem Fachgebiet für Strategie, Innovation und Kooperation der Technischen Universität Kaiserslautern geliefert.
A Pedagogical Perspective on the Definite and the Indefinite Article in the Romanian Language. Challenges for Foreign Learners
Authors: Ivancu Ovidiu
Published: February 2020

All Romance languages have developed the definite and the indefinite article via the Vulgar Latin (Classical Latin did not use articles), the language of the Roman colonists. According to Joseph H. Greenberg (1978), the definite article predated the indefinite one by approximately two centuries, being developed from demonstratives through a complex process of grammaticalization. Many areas of nowadays` Romania were incorporated into the Roman Empire for about 170 years. After two military campaign, the Roman emperor Trajan conquered Dacia, east of Danube.The Romans imposed their own administration and inforced Latin as lingua franca.The language of the colonists, mixed with the native language and, later on, with various languages spoken by the many migrant populations that followed the Roman retreat resulted in a new language (Romanian), of Latin origins. The Romanian language, attested in the 16th Century, in documents written by foreign travellers, uses four different types of articles. Being a highly inflected language, Romanian changes the form of the articles according to the gender, the number and the case of the noun As compared to the other Romance languages, Romanian uses the definite article enclitically. Thus, the definite article and the noun constitute a single word. The present paper aims at discussing, analysing and providing an overview of the use of definite and indefinite articles. The general norm and its various exceptions are examined from a broader perspective, synchronically and diachronically. The pedagogical perspective is meant to offer a comprehensible synthesis to foreign learners.
Effect of the Extent of Cardiac Damage on Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Outcome: A New Aortic Stenosis Staging System
Authors: Fukui Miho , Cavalcante João L
Published: February 2020

Severe aortic stenosis (AS) causes chronic pressure overload of the left ventricle (LV), resulting in progressive cardiac change that can extend beyond the LV. A new AS staging classification has been recently proposed encompassing the extent of cardiac changes in AS. The AS staging classification has important prognostic implications for clinical outcomes after aortic valve replacement. This article introduces the AS staging system and demonstrates the association of the extent of cardiac change with outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
Wolontariat- definicja, typy, readaptacja społeczna
Authors: Leszczyński Seweryn
Published: February 2020

nie dostarczono
Kapitał intelektualny – zarządzanie i wycena. Nawigator Skandiia współczesne przedsiębiorstwa medialne w Polsce
Authors: Szczepańska Michalina
Published: February 2020

nie dostarczono
Zachowania antyspołeczne w ujęciu psychodynamicznym
Authors: Kołodziejczak Liliana
Published: February 2020

nie dostarczono
Racjonalność sprawców przestępstw przeciw mieniu – implikacje dla profilaktyki i resocjalizacji
Authors: Wójcik Dominika
Published: February 2020

nie dostarczono
Kontrakt socjalny w indywidualnej pracy z klientem. Raport z badań
Authors: Kajak Wioleta
Published: February 2020

nie dostarczono
PLACE OF THE BULGARIAN SUGAR INDUSTRY IN THE ECONOMY OF EUROPE
Authors: Rusinov Atanas
Published: February 2020

Sugar industry is one of the industries that, in today's market relations, develops and grows very fast, both in Europe and in the world. Under the pressure of economic efficiency and international agreements, Bulgaria liquidated the traditional sugar beet growing. The article presents results of an analysis of the dynamics in the sugar industry development on a global and European level, aiming to identify the problems and to predict for its future development. The study supports the main research hypotheses, namely by identifying global trends for the sugar industry’s development in conditions of strong competition and pinpoint the position of Bulgarian sugar industry in Europe economy, Bulgarian enterprises in the sector could increase their competitive potential by responding with adequate strategic tools.
Why There Is a Need for an International Organ to Try the Crime of Terrorism - Past Experiences and Future Opportunities
Authors: Kleczkowska Agata
Published: February 2020

This paper suggests that the crime of terrorism requires the establishment of an international organ to prosecute the perpetrators of the crime and there is a need to enable the prosecution of the crime of terrorism as a specific new type of international crime. In advancing this thesis, the paper is divided into three parts. The first part briefly defines the notion of terrorism, while the second discusses the international legal instruments and practices when it comes to prosecution of the crime of terrorism. It starts with the first failed attempts to define and prosecute the crime of terrorism. Next, it discusses the jurisdiction of different international courts and tribunals over the crime of terrorism. The third part presents the specific case of the Polish domestic legislation regulating the crime of terrorism in order to demonstrate that States which so far have not been affected in a major way by terrorism may have little experience in creating comprehensive legislation, yet they still may have to deal with perpetrators of the crime. This is why both a comprehensive legal instrument and an international organ with jurisdiction over the crime of terrorism are necessary.
Caracterización de la tasa de liberación de calor en los cilindros de un motor de generación a gas natural de 2 MW.
Authors: Valencia-Ochoa Guillermo , Duarte-Forero Jorge , Acevedo-Peñaloza Carlos
Published: February 2020

Desarrollar modelos matemáticos para los motores de generación de energía más confiables que permitan proponer un uso eficiente de los combustibles y aumentar la eficiencia de conversión energética, se ha convertido en uno de los principales objetivos de los trabajos de investigación en el área. Con el fin de estudiar el fenómeno liberación de calor en los cilindros de un motor a gas natural J612 Jenbacher de 2 MW a partir de variables medias disponibles en registros operacionales, se ha propuesto un modelo semifísico a partir de balances de masa, energía, ecuaciones constitutivas y regresiones estadísticas. Los resultados muestran que a partir del modelo propuesto del calor rechazado con un coeficiente de determinación de 0.99, el permiten alcanzar un error relativo máximo de 2% en modo isla y del 4% operando en red para la estimación de la temperatura de los gases a las salidas de los cilindros. Así mismo, el modelo permite determinar la fracción de calor perdido en los cilindros en función de la energía aportada por el gas natural.
Remoción de metales pesados desde efluentes mineros, mediante cáscaras de frutas.
Authors: Fernandez Merli , Florez Delia , Yactayo Melissa , Lovera Daniel , Quispe Justiniano , Landauro Carlos , Pardave Walter
Published: February 2020

El hombre en sus distintos procesos productivos ha generado modificaciones al ambiente. La minería metalúrgica no se exime de esto, ya que muchos de los residuos producidos, en especial los efluentes, no cuentan con ningún tipo de tratamiento antes de ser vertidos. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la eficiencia de remoción del Cu, Fe y Pb del efluente minero-metalúrgicos a escala de laboratorio mediante la aplicación de un filtro bioadsorbente con fibras lignocelulósicas (cáscaras de plátano, coco y naranja). Se diseñó 10 filtros compuestos por cáscaras de plátano, coco y naranja, en diferentes proporciones (siendo 100 gr el 100 %), según lo establecido mediante el Diseño de mezclas Simplex Lattice, con tres metales a remover (Cu, Fe y Pb). Se trabajó a un pH de 7.3, tiempo de contacto de 3 horas y tamaño de partícula de 0.250 mm, en todos los tratamientos. Los resultados muestran que para el Cu el mejor tratamiento fue (T2), con 100 gr de cáscaras de coco (96.36%); para el hierro el tratamiento seis (T6) compuesto por coco-naranja (50 gr de cada uno) con una eficiencia de (92.05%); y el plomo presentó una mayor remoción del 97.34% con los tratamientos tres (T3) y seis (T6) compuesto por 100 gr de naranja y coco-naranja (50 gr de cada uno), respectivamente. Los datos se ajustaron mejor al modelo de regresión cúbica especial, siendo para el cobre el valor P de 0.000305 y el coeficiente de determinación R2 0.790156. Para el hierro, el valor P 0.000000 y coeficiente de determinación R2 0.930029. El valor P del plomo fue de 0.000034 y el coeficiente de determinación R2 0.719867. Considerando que el valor de R2, es mejor mientras más se acerca a 1, y que (p<0,05) es significativo.
Emprendemat, su influencia en el desarrollo de competencias económica-financieras en la juventud de la región del Catatumbo.
Authors: Castillo-Duarte Magda Celene , Jácome-Carrascal José Leonardo , Vergel-Ortega Mawency
Published: February 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación fue crear una estrategia pedagógica para fortalecer las competencias matemáticas de educación económica y financiera en estudiantes de octavo grado de las instituciones de la Convención y el municipio de Tarra, a través del trabajo colaborativo para desarrollar ideas de negocios basados en EMPRENDEMAT. La investigación tuvo un enfoque mixto que vinculó datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, de tipo cuasi-experimental y analítico. La investigación benefició a 250 estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre los 13 y 16 años. Como resultado, el proyecto de educación económica y financiera permitió identificar las competencias educativas que fortalecen el desarrollo de las habilidades matemáticas en los estudiantes en quienes se implementa el trabajo colaborativo y el espíritu emprendedor, con base en las matemáticas como un proyecto transversal. Se desarrollaron estrategias pedagógicas basadas en EMPRENDEMAT, las cuales motivaron a los estudiantes a enriquecer sus conocimientos matemáticos y a aplicarlos en su vida diaria. Asimismo, se determinó que con la estrategia pedagógica EMPRENDEMAT, se humaniza la experiencia de aula y los estudiantes superan barreras de contexto, logrando con ello tener presencia social en la comunidad del Catatumbo. Lo anterior genera estados de flujo de trabajo caracterizados por la alta motivación, toma de decisiones basadas en evidencias, concentración, interés, curiosidad; por cuanto el estudiante se encuentra inmerso a través de la estrategia, en el desafío, disfrute, trabajo en equipo para lograr metas. Como elementos de impacto de las estrategias pedagógicas en EMPRENDEMAT, se determinó que el estudiante percibe mayor cercanía a un contexto real, enlaza teoría con práctica, aplica conocimiento, logra mayor retención de conceptos, mejora el rendimiento académico en matemáticas, fortalece las competencias educativas económica y financieras, así como habilidades técnicas utilizadas en la administración y gerencia de una idea de negocio para la toma de decisiones basadas en evidencias.
Modelo pedagógico transdisciplinario en las ciencias administrativas y económicas: Un cambio de paradigma.
Authors: Cárdenas-García Maribel
Published: February 2020

La dinámica que experimenta la sociedad del conocimiento se enfrenta a diversos cambios, transformaciones y avances cada vez más exigentes; generando impacto en el hombre contemporáneo, creando en él la necesidad de cualificar sus capacidades para mejorar sus competencias laborales, siendo la educación el sector fundamental en la generación de desarrollo. Como propósito se buscó repensar en la deconstrucción y construcción de modelos pedagógicos en el proceso de enseñanza en las ciencias administrativas y económicas. La investigación se desarrolló en la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, bajo el paradigma cualitativo apoyada en los enfoques de la hermenéutica y la fenomenología, complementada con el método etnográfico. La aplicación del modelo pedagógico transdisciplinario en la enseñanza de las ciencias administrativas y económicas se centra en tres elementos fundamentales: a) bases teórico-epistemológicas del modelo; b) concreción metodológica del modelo y c) proceso de evaluación continua. En líneas generales se plantea un modelo pedagógico transdisciplinario basado en teorías pertinentes, transversales, complementarias, y transdisciplinarias que concrete en acciones efectivas que permitan generar empoderamientos en el futuro profesional.
All together now: aggregating multiple records to develop a person-based dataset to integrate and enhance infectious disease surveillance in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Whelan Michael , Renda Christina , Hohenadel Karin , Buchan Sarah , Murti Michelle
Published: February 2020

Setting

Syndemics occur when two or more health conditions interact to increase morbidity and mortality and are exacerbated by social, economic, environmental, and political factors. Routine provincial surveillance in Ontario assesses and reports on the epidemiology of single infectious diseases separately. Therefore, we aimed to develop a method that allows disease overlaps to be examined routinely as a path to better understanding and addressing syndemics in Ontario.

Intervention

We extracted data for individuals with a record of chlamydia, gonorrhea, infectious syphilis, hepatitis B and C, HIV/AIDS, invasive group A streptococcal disease (iGAS), or tuberculosis in Ontario’s reportable disease database from 1990 to 2018. We transformed the data into a person-based integrated surveillance dataset retaining individuals (clients) with at least one record between 2006 and 2018.

Outcomes

The resulting dataset had 659,136 unique disease records among 470,673 unique clients. Of those clients, 23.1% had multiple disease records with 50 being the most for one client. We described the frequency of disease overlaps; for example, 34.7% of clients with a syphilis record had a gonorrhea record. We quantified known overlaps, finding 1274 clients had gonorrhea, infectious syphilis, and HIV/AIDS records, and potentially emerging overlaps, finding 59 clients had HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C, and iGAS records.

Implications

Our novel person-based integrated surveillance dataset represents a platform for ongoing in-depth assessment of disease overlaps such as the relative timing of disease records. It enables a more client-focused approach, is a step towards improved characterization of syndemics in Ontario, and could inform other jurisdictions interested in adopting similar approaches.
HuBMAP: Paraffin Embedding Tissue Samples v1
Authors: Jorgensen Marda , Nick Jerelyn
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is to outline procedures for the paraffin embedding of HuBMAP specimens.
HuBMAP: Embedding Fixed Frozen OCT Samples v1
Authors: Jorgensen Marda , Nick Jerelyn
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is to outline procedures for the OCT embedding of HuBMAP frozen fixed specimens.
Flongle DirectRNA Library preparation v1
Authors: Krause Maximilian
Published: February 2020

Oxford Nanopore Technologies allows sequencing of native RNA for the first time. Additionally they released tiny devices that democratize sequencing among scientists. However, the smallest sequencing device - Flongle - is so far not officially supported for RNA sequencing experiments. This protocol provides users with a personally tested framework protocol to use Flongle flow-cells for native RNA sequencing. It is based on the protocol for ONT RNA library preparation and changed to fit the volume and input requirements for Flongle. The here advised workflow will routinely result in 100,000 native RNA reads within 24 hours of sequencing.
Hemolysis measurement of plasma/serum samples with Nanodrop ND1000 v1
Authors: Helsmoortel Hetty
Published: February 2020

This protocol describes how to measure hemolysis on plasma or serum samples.
Identity Formation in Adolescents with Concentration Problems, High Levels of Activity or Impulsiveness: A Pragmatic Qualitative Study
Authors: Løhre Audhild
Published: February 2020

Students showing core symptoms of ADHD face additional challenges in school. This study asks how children and adolescents with inattentiveness, high levels of activity or impulsiveness perceive their symptom-like behaviour and how this may affect their identity, friendships and well-being. Researchers conducted individual interviews with 12 students (10–16 years) selected to attend a school programme aimed at improving their concentration. Six students had an ADHD diagnosis. The interviews were analysed, guided by theoretical reading. The students’ narratives fit a discursive perspective showing that identity developed through interactions with others. All students told about their disturbing concentration problems. Students disliked having a short fuse and talking before thinking, and they admitted that impulsive behaviour could threaten their friendships. On the other hand, students with high levels of activity described this as fun in interaction with friends. Nobody mentioned that concentration problems affected friendships, and none of the core symptoms seemed to influence well-being. There were no obvious differences between students with or without an ADHD diagnosis. The students’ stories, therefore, show that teachers should know their students with inattentiveness, hyperactivity or impulsiveness individually to learn about their challenges and preferences.
CONCEPTUAL ASPECT OF THE DEFINITION OF THE TERM SOUL AS THE CATEGORY OF THEORETICAL PSYCHOLOGY
Authors: Koval Gennadiy
Published: February 2020

The problematic of the categorical aspect of the term of the soul through the prism of the principle of systematicity (organization) has been reviewed in the article. The problematic of the place of the category of a soul in the categorical apparatus of theoretical psychology have been shown through the context of general categories of the structure of the human – an organism, an individual, an individuality, a personality, the I, the subject. The problematic of analysis and disclosure of the meaning load of the specified of categories which is due to the application of the principle of determinism to their analysis has been noted. The possibility of building a hierarchical range of categories as levels of concretization (organization) of a mental structure of the one by analogy with respect to such a range of levels of concretization (organization) of a living that have been shown. It has been noted that specifics for a range of levels of organization of a living one is its start with a unit of analysis of what is alive – an organism, also specific is its completion represented as a unit of development of a living form of life – a body. The conceptual filling of range of levels of an organization that is characteristic to a mental structure is appropriate of general categories of the structure human in accordance with the principle of systemicity has been proposed. The article also deals with the connection of the concept of a soul with categories that lie beyond the scope of psychological science per se, like philosophy. The necessity of the said action is justified by the historical context of the humanity's literary and social practices that include the notion of the soul. The article concludes with the outline of the future direction for theoretical research of the outlined problematic aimed at making space for the notion of the soul in psychological science and the system of its concepts. Overall, the work is dedicated to the efforts of bringing more clarity to the use of the concept of the soul within the existing paradigm of psychology.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEANING AND MAIN CAUSES OF MOBBING AMONG CHILDREN OF SECONDARY SCHOOL AGE
Authors: Velichko Marina
Published: February 2020

The article is an analysis of the mobbing problem occurrence among children adolescents, establishing the causes of a school environment the main characteristics of the concept and finding ways to prevent mobbing. The method of studying the problem of mobbing in children in the school environment explains to us the root causes of its occurrence, reveals the very essence of its appearance, as well as the manifestations of mobbing in middle school age children from their peers.In a deeper analysis of the problem of mobbing, we identified the main aspects of preventing this phenomenon, also developed a methodological plan for the prevention of mobbing in schools, and developed and described preventive measures to prevent manifestations among middle school children for teachers and parents who have and can influence students or their children in the context of this issue. The findings of this paper reflect the state of the problem of mobbing in the current educational process in Ukraine, taking into account the actualization of its manifestations due to the large number of displaced persons, including middle-aged children, from temporarily occupied territories during the Russian armed aggression against our country. The processes taking place in our extremes and in the world are inevitable for society as a whole, and so the challenge we face requires more detailed consideration of the issue of mobbing among adolescents of schools, the urgent response to its present manifestations, and addressing these issues, specifics of personal approaches to middle school children in each case. Analyzing the problem of mobbing among children in school, especially middle school children, we have come to the conclusion that the multiplicity of influence factors determines the direction of the study of the problem and gives this problem a new special approach, taking into account many points, and obliges us to solve the problem of mobbing the school, so that it does not persecute a person who is primarily a person, in adolescence and adulthood.
Some mechanisms of immunotropic and adaptogenous effect of phytopreparations
Authors: Shur Julia V. , Shur Vladimir Yu. , Samotrueva Marina A.
Published: February 2020

The article presents a review of the literature on the use of a variety of herbal remedies, showing pronounced immunotropic and adaptogenic properties, as correctors of violations of the immune status, developing in various pathological conditions. The information about the advantages of the use of drugs of plant origin in comparison with synthetic drugs, such as "soft" immunomodulatory effect, low toxicity, beneficial effect on metabolic processes, a wide range of biological effects due to the ability of herbal remedies to activate the functions of not only immune but also neuroendocrine systems. In addition, the article discusses some of the mechanisms of immunometabolic, antioxidant and adaptogenic effects of some herbal remedies, which serve as the basis for further study of their biological properties in order to expand the possibilities of phytopreparations in the arsenal of modern pharmacology.
Mitochondrial dysfunctions and antihypoxants
Authors: Novikov Vasiliy E. , Levchenkova Olga S. , Ivantsova Elena N. , Vorobieva Victoria V.
Published: February 2020

Mitochondrial dysfunctions (an impaired energy metabolism in the mitochondria) are essential in a pathogenesis of many diseases.

Aim. The analysis of various mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) type study, as well as evaluation of drugs with an antihypoxic effect in their treatment.

Methods. Collection, systematization and analysis of experimental and clinical data of current scientific research about the problem.

Results. The mitochondrial dysfunctions can be caused by genetic disorders of the mitochondrial or nuclear genome (the primary MD or the mitochondrial diseases), as well as structural, functional and biochemical defects of mitochondria caused by other diseases (the secondary MD). MD are characterized by impaired tissue respiration, ATP synthesis deficiency and decreased energy metabolism. The clinical implications of MD are polysystemic and polymorphic. One of the biochemical sign of MD is the lactic acidosis. There are certain difficulties with the early diagnosis of primary MD. It is suggested to use complete exome sequencing among patients with a clinical suspicion on mitochondrial disease. The energotropic pharmacotherapy including drugs with an antihypoxic effect is used for MD treatment. It is more rational to use the drug combination that influences different stages of energy production. The combinations of L-carnitine, coenzyme Q10, cytochrome C and succinate-containing drugs are frequently used for MD. However, the usage of energotropic and antihypoxic drugs is not able to cure the patients and stop the progression of all disease displays.

Conclusion. MD are a multidisciplinary problem, therefore, doctors of any speciality must be competent in the MD diagnosis and treatment. The use of energotropic agents in the MD treatment requires further research. Numerous issues remain open (daily drug doses choice, treatment duration, rational combinations). The phenotype variability and the uniqueness of diagnosed cases, clinical and genetic differences between patient groups with mitochondrial diseases fail to create homogeneous samplings for therapy effectiveness and safety analysis. The literature data are the results of different degrees of reliability. The international efforts are needed to unify studies of related mitochondrial disorders, which, in combination with a constant improvement of MD pathogenesis knowledge will allow to develop more effective treatment regimens.
The floppy infants and metabolic causes
Authors: DORUM Sevil , DORUM Bayram Ali
Published: February 2020

Objectives: To describe the clinical, metabolic and genetic characteristics of the floppy infants diagnosed at a tertiary care center. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical files of 90 floppy infants diagnosed in the pediatric metabolism department of our tertiary care center. Baseline descriptives, prenatal and perinatal data, results of genetic and metabolic tests as well as neuroradiological imaging findings were overviewed. Results: Our series was comprised of 42 (46.7%) females and 48 (53.3%) males. Consanguineous marriages were detected in 60 (66.7%) cases. There was no history of prenatal comorbidity or birth-related trauma or infections. Gestational age was ≥ 37 weeks in 78 (87%) infants. The average body weight was 2521.2 ± 839.4 grams (range: 1510-4300). The average height and head circumference were 48.9 ± 0.9 cm and 33.9 ± 0.7 cm, respectively. The etiology of hypotonia was found to be central in 89 (98.8%) infants. The most frequent diseases diagnosed were vitamin B12 deficiency (14.4%), dystrophinopathy (7.7%), spinal muscular atrophy (5.5%), gangliosidosis (3.3%), peroxisomal disease (3.3%), Pompe disease (3.3%), and Zellweger disease (3.3%).Conclusions: The floppy infant still constitutes a diagnostic challenge in spite of the technological advances in genetic, molecular and metabolic test methods. The priority and selection of diagnostic measures need to be determined on an individualized basis, and multidisciplinary and collaborative work is mandatory to set the diagnosis cost-effectively without delay. An algorithm based and individualized approach may provide a high diagnostic yield for the clinician.
A rainbow version of Mantel's Theorem
Authors: Šámal Robert , Montejano Amanda , Hermosillo de la Maza Sebastián González , DeVos Matt , Aharoni Ron
Published: February 2020

Mantel's Theorem from 1907 is one of the oldest results in graph theory: every simple $n$-vertex graph with more than $\frac{1}{4}n^2$ edges contains a triangle. The theorem has been generalized in many different ways, including other subgraphs, minimum degree conditions, etc. This article deals with a generalization to edge-colored multigraphs, which can be viewed as a union of simple graphs, each corresponding to an edge-color class.

The case of two colors is the same as the original setting: Diwan and Mubayi proved that any two graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$ on the same set of $n$ vertices, each containing more than $\frac{1}{4}n^2$ edges, give rise to a triangle with one edge from $G_1$ and two edges from $G_2$. The situation is however different for three colors. Fix $\tau=\frac{4-\sqrt{7}}{9}$ and split the $n$ vertices into three sets $A$, $B$ and $C$, such that $|B|=|C|=\lfloor\tau n\rfloor$ and $|A|=n-|B|-|C|$. The graph $G_1$ contains all edges inside $A$ and inside $B$, the graph $G_2$ contains all edges inside $A$ and inside $C$, and the graph $G_3$ contains all edges between $A$ and $B\cup C$ and inside $B\cup C$. It is easy to check that there is no triangle with one edge from $G_1$, one from $G_2$ and one from $G_3$; each of the graphs has about $\frac{1+\tau^2}{4}n^2=\frac{26-2\sqrt{7}}{81}n^2\approx 0.25566n^2$ edges. The main result of the article is that this construction is optimal: any three graphs $G_1$, $G_2$ and $G_3$ on the same set of $n$ vertices, each containing more than $\frac{1+\tau^2}{4}n^2$ edges, give rise to a triangle with one edge from each of the graphs $G_1$, $G_2$ and $G_3$. A computer-assisted proof of the same bound has been found by Culver, Lidický, Pfender and Volec.
A completion of the proof of the Edge-statistics Conjecture
Authors: Sauerman Lisa , Fox Jacob
Published: February 2020

Extremal combinatorics often deals with problems of maximizing a specific quantity related to substructures in large discrete structures. The first question of this kind that comes to one's mind is perhaps determining the maximum possible number of induced subgraphs isomorphic to a fixed graph $H$ in an $n$-vertex graph. The asymptotic behavior of this number is captured by the limit of the ratio of the maximum number of induced subgraphs isomorphic to $H$ and the number of all subgraphs with the same number vertices as $H$; this quantity is known as the _inducibility_ of $H$. More generally, one can define the inducibility of a family of graphs in the analogous way.

Among all graphs with $k$ vertices, the only two graphs with inducibility equal to one are the empty graph and the complete graph. However, how large can the inducibility of other graphs with $k$ vertices be? Fix $k$, consider a graph with $n$ vertices join each pair of vertices independently by an edge with probability $\binom{k}{2}^{-1}$. The expected number of $k$-vertex induced subgraphs with exactly one edge is $e^{-1}+o(1)$. So, the inducibility of large graphs with a single edge is at least $e^{-1}+o(1)$. This article establishes that this bound is the best possible in the following stronger form, which proves a conjecture of Alon, Hefetz, Krivelevich and Tyomkyn: the inducibility of the family of $k$-vertex graphs with exactly $l$ edges where $0<l<\binom{k}{2}$ is at most $e^{-1}+o(1)$. The example above shows that this is tight for $l=1$ and it can be also shown to be tight for $l=k-1$. The conjecture was known to be true in the regime where $l$ is superlinearly bounded away from $0$ and $\binom{k}{2}$, for which the sum of the inducibilities goes to zero, and also in the regime where $l$ is bounded away from $0$ and $\binom{k}{2}$ by a sufficiently large linear function. The article resolves the hardest cases where $l$ is linearly close to $0$ or close to $\binom{k}{2}$, and provides generalizations to hypergraphs.
Incidence of Emergence Agitation in Pediatric Patient after General Anesthesia
Authors: Andriyanto Lucky , Utariani Arie , Hanindito Elizeus , Santoso Kohar Hari , Hamzah Hamzah , Puspita Eka Ari
Published: February 2020

Post anesthesia agitation is common problem in pediatric post anesthesia care unit. The incidences range from 10 to 80%. EA has been described as a dissociated state of consciousness in which the child is inconsolable, irritable, and uncooperative typically thrashing, crying, moaning or incoherent. This study was done to determine the incidence of emergence agitation and associated risk factors in pediatric patients who underwent general anesthesia. This descriptive and analytic study was performed on 105 pediatric patient aged 1-12 years that underwent general anesthesia for various elective diagnostic and surgeries at Dr. Soetomo Hospital between January and February 2016. The presence of emergence agitation was recorded using Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. The factors that linked with Emergence Agitation were recorded in a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software with logistic regression. p - values less than 0.05 were considered as significant. Forty two (40%) children had Emergence Agitation. Preoperative anxiety (p = 0.006) and Pain (p=0.035) were associated with higher rates of post anesthetic emergence agitation. This study identified preoperative anxiety and pain as risk factors, which are associated with emergence agitation in children. To minimize the incidence of post anesthetic emergence agitation, these risk factors should be considered in the routine care by anesthetist.
Correlation between Work Load and Work Period with Blood Pressure among Workers of PT. X
Authors: Widajati Noeroel , Rizkiawati Nur Laili
Published: February 2020

Industry that uses technology nowadays, beside having positive impacts, also having negative impacts such as adverse effects on workers and work environment. Every person who works will have workload and responsibility on their work. This will affect health of the workers, including their blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between work load and work period with blood pressure among workers in ship construction company, PT. X. This study was an observational descriptive study, using cross sectional design. Total population involved 41 individuals, taken from the respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection included pulse and blood pressure measurements. Data analysis used in this study was Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. The result showed that there was a level of correlation between blood pressure and age (0.478), blood pressure and work period (0.432), blood pressure and work load (0.448). The conclusions of this study was that blood pressure related to age, nutritional status, work period, work load and noise intensity. PT X needs to pay attention to the health of the workers, such as blood pressure examination, and provide socialization on nutritious foods that are appropriate to the work performed.
The Effect of Methylmercury Exposure on Astrocyte of Cerebellar Cortex of White Rats (Rattus novergicus)
Authors: Sugianto Paulus , Pardede Sabrina Melisa , Widjaja Ngakan Made Rai , Widjiati Widjiati
Published: February 2020

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of different dose methylmercury (II) chloride on astrocyte in cerebellar cortex of white rat (Rattus norvegicus) exposed. This study used randomized control design using 15 adult female Wistar rats weight 180-200 g of body weight. Before treatment the white rats was adapted in a week, then randomly divided into 3 groups each consist of 5 rats. P0 as control were given 0.5 ml aquades, P1 and P2 were given 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg/day respectively. All groups were given treatment per oral in 30 days with sonde. The data was analyzed by ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range (Duncan's Multiple Range Test). White rats exposed by methylmercury (II) chloride, had a significant differences in the percentage of necrotic astrocyte (p<0.05). Methylmercury chloride exposure increases the number of necrotic astrocytes on white rat.
Case report: Upper Lip Reconstruction after Lip Cancer Wide Excision
Authors: Santoso Boedy Setya , Novastuti Citra Dwi
Published: February 2020

Foreign objects may be present in the bladder due to deliberate insertion or displacement of the surrounding organs. There have been multiple cases of sharp objects such as nails, hair pins, and screws, as well as large objects such as AAA batteries, toothbrushes, and ballpoint pens found in the urethra and the bladder, which must have been aimed to induce sexual satisfaction associated with mental and psychic disorders. The diagnosis was established by means of  radiological examinations, ie thoracic x-ray, KUB, and urethrography. This article reported a 32-year-old man with headset inserted to penile until bladder and could not be pulled out again. The patient complained pain and bleeding out of the urinary tract. We performed vesicotomy and pulling the out headset from bladder. The operation was succesful. In conclusion, the case of a headset in the bladder has been treated successfully with vesicotomy.
Acceleration of Bone Fracture Healing through the Use of Natural Bovine Hydroxyapatite Implant on Bone Defect Animal Model
Authors: Khotib Junaidi , Lasandara Cantika SC , Samirah Samirah , Budiatin Aniek S
Published: February 2020

Bone is an important organ for supports the body that stores reserve of calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals. In fracture conditions where bleeding, soft tissue edema, nerve damage, and blood vessels around the bone damage happen, they can cause the mobilization of these minerals in the surrounding tissue. One of the efforts made in the treatment of these fractures is reconnection, in which it works by filling of bone defect with a matrix and administration of anti-infection. Biomaterial filling in defective bone is thought to accelerate the healing process of bone fracture and prevent osteomyelitis. For this reason, this study evaluates the acceleration of bone fracture healing using natural hydroxyapatite (NHA) bone filler in rabbits with bone defect model. Fracture modeling was performed by surgical technique and drilling of bones with a 4.2 mm diameter to form a defect in the rabbit femur. Bone implant contained bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-glutaraldehyde (BHA implant) or bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-glutaraldehyde-gentamicin (BHA-GEN implant) that was inserted in bone defects. 27 rabbits were divided into 3 groups: the control group who had bone defect, the bone defect group was given BHA implant and the bone defect group was given BHA-GEN implant. Observation of osteoclast, osteoblast, osteocyte, BALP level, and bone morphological integrity was carried out on the 14th, 28th, and 42nd days after surgery. Histological observation of rabbit femur showed a significant difference on the number of osteoclast, osteoblast and osteocyte in all three groups. The BALP level also showed a significant difference in the group given the natural BHA bone implant compared to the control group on day 14 (p = 0.0361). Based on the result of the X-ray, there was also a better integration of rabbit femur bone in groups with the use of BHA or BHA-GEN bone implant. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of a natural BHA implant can accelerate the process of bone repair in the fracture of rabbit femur. In addition, BHA implants were compatible as a matrix for supporting the bone cell growth.