bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Waveguide electrooptic modulator for CO2 lasers
Authors: Goodwin F. E. , Henderson D. M. , Reiss A. , Wilkerson J. L.
Published: February 2023

This paper reports on an intracavity CdTe electrooptic modulator being developed for a 10.6-µm transmitter operating at 300 Mbps between low altitude and synchronous satellites. As the transmitter laser is a waveguide CO2 device,1 a waveguide mode of propagation in the modulator rod is used for optical confinement.2 This design, shown in Fig. 1, is a modification of the open resonator structure with an intracavity lens used in conventional transmitters. The waveguide configuration removes the limit on modulator length imposed by open resonator diffraction, eliminates the safety factor in the transverse dimension of the rod, and avoids loss arising from the intracavity lens.
Image storage display and processing in photosensitive electrooptic crystals: LiNbO3:Fe
Authors: Huignard J. P. , Herriau J. P. , Micheron F.
Published: February 2023

Photosensitive electrooptic crystals, such as iron-doped lithium niobate crystals, are attractive materials for image storage processing and display applications, since large size crystals with good optical quality are now available, and sensitivity improvement has been achieved by iron doping. Considering the doping level and oxidation state (ratio Fe3+/Fe2+), quite different behaviors for image storage are observed.
CCD and CID arrays for visible imaging applications
Authors: Barbe D. F.
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the state of the art in visible imaging with charge-coupled devices and charge-injection devices. The two technologies for charge-coupled devices, i.e., surface channel and buried channel, will be compared in terms of temporal noise, spatial noise, and saturation level.
Trends in next generation thermal imaging using integrated focal planes
Authors: Candell Lloyd M. , Beckett Paul J.
Published: February 2023

The implications of high density focal plane arrays (>5000 detectors) upon the design and performance of next generation thermal imaging systems are discussed. The system design tradeoffs with respect to increased fields of view, improved sensitivity, and resolution are presented.
GaAIAs laser transmitter for optical fiber transmission systems
Authors: Chen F. S. , DiDomenico M. , Dorman P. W. , Karr M. A. , Rich T. C. , Shumate P. W. , Smith R. G.
Published: February 2023

A feedback-stabilized GaAIAs injection laser optical communication source for transmission of NRZ data at 44.7 Mb/sec has been built and tested. Standard ECL input levels operate the emitter-coupled driver circuitry in which the stripe geometry double-heterostructure GaAIAs laser diode (λ = 825 nm) appears as a collector load. The laser is pre-biased near threshold by a separate feedback-stabilizing circuit. This circuit, utilizing an 800-kHz operational amplifier, compares the optical output measured from the back mirror of the laser using a PIN photodiode with data-pattern reference. In this way, closed-loop control of the prebias current makes the optical output insensitive to thermal effects and component aging. The driver–feedback components are assembled on thick-film hybrid integrated circuits. The laser, indium soldered to a gold-plated copper stud, and the thick-film driver circuit are mounted on an aluminum heat sink which forms the body of the driver package. A 40-cm Teflon-sheathed connectorized section of optical fiber is brought through the aluminum housing, strain relieved, and epoxied in place after positioning near the front mirror of the laser. Efficient coupling (50% or greater) between the laser and optical fiber is achieved by melting a spherical lens on the tip of the fiber. The driver package accessed through pins connected to the thick-film circuit is completed by filling the active volume of the heat sink with casting epoxy. The feedback package is of similar design but has only electrical inputs and outputs. The two-package subsystem launches a minimum of 1-mW peak power into a fiber with a ≈0.002-in. graded-index core. The extinction ratio is typically 15:1; peak-to-peak amplitude variation in the output is ~8%. The subsystem operates from 5°C to 55°C and tolerates ±5 % variations in the +5-V and -5.2-V supplies.
Silicon avalanche photodiode receiver for optical fiber transmission systems
Authors: Brackett C. A. , DiDomenico M. , Hartman A. R. , Melchior H. , Reinbold H. W. , Rich T. C. , Schinke D. P. , Smith R. G.
Published: February 2023

A packaged optical receiver using a silicon avalanche photodetector has been designed and tested for use in an experimental fiber optical communication system operating at 45 Mb/sec. The receiver package described here has been designed to have good optical sensitivity and large dynamic range, to have convenient optical and electrical interfacing, to operate from ±5-V power supplies, and to be readily adaptable for reproducible, reliable, and inexpensive manufacture.
Operation of a multidither COAT system with a continuous-surface deformable mirror
Authors: Pearson J. E. , Brown K. M. , Finucane R. G. , Hansen S. , McClung F. J. , Price K. D.
Published: February 2023

The use of multidither coherent optical adaptive techniques (COAT) is rapidly gaining acceptance as a useful tool for removing phase distortions that are introduced on a transmitted laser beam by its associated optical system or by the atmosphere. Earlier multidither COAT system demonstrations1,2 have used planar segmented-aperture piston mirrors for both the phase dither and phase correction functions. High-power laser applications will require continuous-surface mirrors for both the dither and correction functions. The operating characteristics of COAT systems employing deformable mirrors are expected to be significantly different from systems that utilize segmented, pistonlike mirrors. In particular, the deformable mirror can introduce significant coupling between control channels, it can point the entire beam rather than merely changing the transmitted beam phase front in a stepwise manner, and it can cause the servo system to converge with detrimental 2π phase ambiguities in the error signal.
Characteristics of multidither COAT systems employing continuous-surface deformable mirrors
Authors: O’Meara T. R. , Pearson J. E. , Szejn R. M.
Published: February 2023

Multidither coherent optical adaptive techniques (COAT) are at the present the leading adaptive optics system approach for high-energy laser applications. Multidither COAT has been demonstrated effective in compensating turbulence1 and thermal blooming2 with realistic targets. Previous experimental systems,1-3 however, have utilized segmented transmitter arrays that apply the adaptive phase correction in a stepwise manner across the transmitting aperture. Practical high-power coat systems will use continuous-surface deformable mirrors for both the dither and phase-correction functions, since the mirror surfaces require cooling.
Increasing production yields with a laser scanner lumber inspection system
Authors: Mueller Paul A. , Hebert Raymond T.
Published: February 2023

Trees are among the natural resources that are becoming less abundant and more costly. The trend to utilize as much as possible of each harvested tree is well established and will continue for both economic and ecological reasons. This paper considers an automated system designed to increase the percentage of useful lumber (the yield) obtained from millwork grades of softwood.
Laser optical system of the IBM 3800 printer
Authors: Fleischer J. M. , Latta M. R. , Rabedeau M. E.
Published: February 2023

The IBM 3800 printer combines laser optical and electrophotographic technologies to produce high quality nonimpact printing at speeds of 25,000–45,000 characters/sec. The 3800 operates by exposing a photosensitive drum with an acoustooptically modulated laser beam which is scanned parallel to the drum axis. For each sweep of the laser beam, the continuously rotating photosensitive drum advances one raster line. Characters are exposed in a matrix form similar to the television raster technique giving the printer system flexibility for software selection of character font, character pitch, and number of lines per inch. Laser produced data can be merged on the drum with an optically exposed forms overlay.
Mass screening for breast cancer by electronic infrared pattern recognition
Authors: Haberman Jo Ann D.
Published: February 2023

A Honeywell video compatible ir imaging system with computer processing capability is being used to determine the feasibility of automatically screening women for breast cancer. Success would produce criteria for an eventual mass screening system.
Aerosol sizing by optical means
Authors: Willeke Klaus , Liu Benjamin Y. H. , Whitby Kenneth T.
Published: February 2023

Single particle optical counters, which operate on the principle of light scattering, are useful for in situ aerosol size analysis. Several commercial counters were calibrated using ideal and nonideal aerosols. Ideal aerosols with a spherical, smooth surface were generated either by nebulizing PSL suspensions or by feeding solutions of DOP or Cargille index-of-refraction liquids into a vibrating orifice generator. Nonideal, light-absorbing particles of irregular shape were generated by the same vibrating orifice or by a fluidized bed.
Data reducing apparatus for holographic flow interferograms
Authors: Brandt Gerald B.
Published: February 2023

Double-exposure pulsed ruby-laser holographic interferometry has proved to be an extremely useful tool for visualization of flow patterns in steam turbine cascade tests.1 The interference fringes that are produced represent the pressure distribution in the test section as a contour map in which each fringe displays the spatial variation of a unique pressure value.
Coatings for crystals
Authors: Costich Verne R.
Published: February 2023

Coatings are used in several ways on modulator crystals. Dielectric layers are applied to the optical surface to reduce reflection losses and sometimes to provide protection. Metal layers are applied to produce electrodes on electrooptical modulators. Proprietary layers are applied to bond transducers to acoustooptical modulators.
High-power laser-induced damage in optical components
Authors: Bettis J. , House R. , Guenther A. , Glass A. J.
Published: February 2023

In the phenomenon of laser-induced damage there are two regions of pulse duration that exhibit distinctly different damage responses. In short pulse (i.e., psec to a few tens of μsec) lasers the damage response is generally catastrophic in nature and resembles the melting, pitting, and spallation characteristic of the electric breakdown of solid dielectrics. In long pulse lasers, which here include cw and the quasi-cw situation of rep-rate lasers, damage is manifested both catastrophically in fractures and subtly in distortions that result in degraded performance. These apparently different damage responses do not imply that a different set of material and physical properties are operative in the two-time regimes but rather that the interaction time may elevate a particular property in relative importance.
Krypton-pumped YAG laser for optical communications
Authors: Huchital D. A. , Steinberg G. N.
Published: February 2023

The pumping of Nd:YAG with electrodeless krypton arc lamps has previously been reported.1-3 The power output and efficiency of the devices are comparable with those achieved in conventional arc-pumped lasers, while the lifetime and reliability are markedly improved.
Laser methods in nondestructive evaluation of materials and structures
Authors: Birnbaum George
Published: February 2023

This report reviews applications of optical methods using lasers for the detection of flaws (cracks, disbonds, weak spots) in components and structures and for the determination of properties of materials and structures affecting their capability to perform their functions. Work published since 1972 and wherever possible work dealing with real applications rather than with technique development are discussed.
Wavelength meter
Authors: Paul Jeff , Byer R. L.
Published: February 2023

We have developed a unique interferometer readout device using linear silicon diode arrays. The readout method has been applied to construct a wavelength meter useful over the 0.4–1.1-μm spectral range with a resolution of 100 MHz. The use of diode arrays allows the wavelength meter to display and process the spectrum of both pulsed and cw laser sources.
Acoustooptical devices for laser beam modulation
Authors: Montgomery Robert M.
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the design and performance of several proved devices, whose designs and theories of operation have appeared in the literature over the past decade.
Silicon monolithic optical integrated circuits for laser system applications
Authors: James K. A. , August R. R. , Coker J. E.
Published: February 2023

This paper discusses the development of a practical optical integrated circuit. A distinction is made between hybrid optical processors, comprised of separate components, and true integrated optics, where a number of optical components are fabricated in a single structure to perform a complex operation. By applying the methods of electronic integrated-circuit fabrication, all the requisite optical guidance, processing, and detection elements are produced on the same substrate. This monolithic structure not only alleviates the problem of light losses at discrete device interfaces, but allows incorporation of integrated electronics for detector signal processing on the same chip.
High-performance guided-wave acoustooptic beam deflectors
Authors: Tsai C. S.
Published: February 2023

Results of recent experiments involving guided optical waves and surface acoustic waves have demonstrated that it is possible to achieve very efficient interaction with noncollinear, coplanar Bragg diffraction in LiNbO3 substrate.1 Efficient diffraction results from the fact that both the optical and the SAW are confined in one dimension and that the frequency range of the SAW may be chosen to facilitate a good matching between the confinement of the optical waves and the penetration depth of the SAW. In particular, by employing multiple surface acoustic waves (Fig. 1), deflectors with very large diffraction efficiency-bandwidth product and excellent beam quality have been realized most recently. 1 For example, the frequency response and the light beam quality of a deflector, which has a 360-MHz bandwidth,2 are shown in Figs. 2 and 3, respectively. Total electric drive power of only 200 mW was required to diffract 50% of the incident light power. This particular deflector has deflected a light beam of a 4-mm aperture into 400 resolvable spots at a random-access switching time of 1.24 μsec. The above combination of performance figures far exceeds that obtained previously. It should be possible to achieve even better performance figures by optimizing the optical waveguide and surface acoustic wave parameters.
Acoustooptic tunable filter using a LiNbO3 crystal
Authors: Fujii Y. , Hayashi H.
Published: February 2023

To date several types of acoustooptic tunable filter have been reported. Of these the collinear type using CaMoO4 (Ref. 1) and the noncollinear type using TeO2 (Ref. 2) are the most promising. The major disadvantages of these filters are the low figure of merit for the former and the very small angular aperture for the latter.
Low-power low-cost He-Ne lasers
Authors: Wright David
Published: February 2023

Low-cost lasers are also internal-mirror lasers. The basic economic advantage of this type comes from minimizing the number of parts by designing the vacuum envelope to serve also as the mirror support structure and by eliminating elaborate adjustments.
Flashlamp-pumped 100-W average power dye laser
Authors: Morey W. W. , Glenn W. H.
Published: February 2023

A high intensity flashlamp is required to pump a dye laser, and for efficient operation typical pulse widths must be on the order of 1 μsec or less. The strength of wall materials limits the familiar wall stabilized flashlamps in the amount of peak power and average power that can be discharged. In addition, the confined arc erodes wall material and greatly reduces the lifetime of these flashlamps.
Two-wavelength double-pulse tunable dye laser for dial applications
Authors: Browell Edward V.
Published: February 2023

This paper describes a laser that was designed for application to differential absorption lidar, dial, experiments. The laser produces two nearly simultaneous pulses of light with each pulse having independently tunable wavelengths. These features reduce the problems associated with previous dial laser techniques.
Applying optical pattern recognition techniques to aerial photographic analysis and stereographic mapping problems
Authors: Leighty R. D.
Published: February 2023

The Center for Coherent Optics in the Research Institute of the U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories is responsible for basic and applied research in coherent optical techniques leading to improved mapping systems of the future. Several optical and optical/digital pattern recognition techniques have been investigated for potential application in processes associated with the preparation of topographic maps. These techniques involve image-to-image correlation and matched filtering for photogrammetric data reduction; matched filtering for mission photoplotting and control marker recognition; and optical power spectrum analysis for screening aerial photography, extraction of cartographic features, and quality analysis associated with mapping processes.
Sensor simulation using a spectrum tunable LED system
Authors: Fan Hui , Xu Lihao , Luo Ming Ronnier
Published: February 2023

This study developed a method to simulate the sensor responses and verify the effectiveness on spectral reconstruction by a spectrum tunable LED system. Studies have shown that the spectral reconstruction accuracy could be improved by including multiple channels in a digital camera. However, the real sensors with designed spectral sensitivities were hard to manufacture and validate. Therefore, the presence of a quick and reliable validation mechanism was preferred when performing evaluation. In this study, two novel approaches, i.e., channel-first and illumination-first simulations, were proposed to replicate the designed sensors with the use of a monochrome camera and a spectrum-tunable LED illumination system. In the channel-first method, the spectral sensitivities of three extra sensor channels were optimized theoretically for an RGB camera and then simulated by matching the corresponding illuminants in the LED system. The illumination-first method optimized the spectral power distribution (SPD) of the lights using the LED system, and the extra channels could be determined accordingly. The results of practical experiments showed that the proposed methods were effective to simulate the responses of the extra sensor channels.
Mitigating nonlinear penalty induced from a low-speed optical supervisory channel on coherent signals
Authors: Ge Dawei , Qiao Gang , Mei Liang , Zuo Mingqing , Zhang Jie , Li Yunbo , Zhang Dechao , Yang Qi , Li Juhao , Chen Zhangyuan , Li Han
Published: February 2023

With the increasing signal rates of a long-haul backbone dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) transmission system, e.g., from 100 Gb/s to 400 Gb/s and even to 800 Gb/s, optical path impairments simultaneously become more severe. Harmful factors being formerly insignificant become noticeable, e.g., nonlinear phase noise (NPN) on main DWDM channels induced by the cross-phase modulation (XPM) from the low-speed optical supervisory channel (OSC). Field trials show that a greater than 5.13-dB penalty can be observed on the shortest channel of 400G DP-16QAM-PCS over G.654.E links, which greatly degrades the overall transmission performance and limits the maximum reach. In this paper, we propose a dual-OSC structure with opposite signals to compensate for performance degradation caused by OSC-induced NPN. This method involves no extra digital signal processing (DSP), which is not only simple but also applicable for universal signal rates. By experimental demonstration, a 1.32-dB gain in Q (dB) for 200G DP-16QAM transmission over 1618-km G.652.D can be done, almost achieving the same performance as the no OSC case.
Plasmids manipulate bacterial behaviour through translational regulatory crosstalk
Authors: Thompson Catriona M. A. , Hall James P. J. , Chandra Govind , Martins Carlo , Saalbach Gerhard , Panturat Supakan , Bird Susannah M. , Ford Samuel , Little Richard H. , Piazza Ainelen , Harrison Ellie , Jackson Robert W. , Brockhurst Michael A. , Malone Jacob G.
Published: February 2023

Beyond their role in horizontal gene transfer, conjugative plasmids commonly encode homologues of bacterial regulators. Known plasmid regulator homologues have highly targeted effects upon the transcription of specific bacterial traits. Here, we characterise a plasmid translational regulator, RsmQ, capable of taking global regulatory control inPseudomonas fluorescensand causing a behavioural switch from motile to sessile lifestyle. RsmQ acts as a global regulator, controlling the host proteome through direct interaction with host mRNAs and interference with the host’s translational regulatory network. This mRNA interference leads to large-scale proteomic changes in metabolic genes, key regulators, and genes involved in chemotaxis, thus controlling bacterial metabolism and motility. Moreover, comparative analyses found RsmQ to be encoded on a large number of divergent plasmids isolated from multiple bacterial host taxa, suggesting the widespread importance of RsmQ for manipulating bacterial behaviour across clinical, environmental, and agricultural niches. RsmQ is a widespread plasmid global translational regulator primarily evolved for host chromosomal control to manipulate bacterial behaviour and lifestyle.
Two stages of bandwidth scaling drives efficient neural coding of natural sounds
Authors: He Fengrong , Stevenson Ian H. , Escabí Monty A.
Published: February 2023

Theories of efficient coding propose that the auditory system is optimized for the statistical structure of natural sounds, yet the transformations underlying optimal acoustic representations are not well understood. Using a database of natural sounds including human speech and a physiologically-inspired auditory model, we explore the consequences of peripheral (cochlear) and mid-level (auditory midbrain) filter tuning transformations on the representation of natural sound spectra and modulation statistics. Whereas Fourier-based sound decompositions have constant time-frequency resolution at all frequencies, cochlear and auditory midbrain filters bandwidths increase proportional to the filter center frequency. This form ofbandwidth scalingproduces a systematic decrease in spectral resolution and increase in temporal resolution with increasing frequency. Here we demonstrate that cochlear bandwidth scaling produces a frequency-dependent gain that counteracts the tendency of natural sound power to decrease with frequency, resulting in a whitened output representation. Similarly, bandwidth scaling in mid-level auditory filters further enhances the representation of natural sounds by producing a whitened modulation power spectrum (MPS) with higher modulation entropy than both the cochlear outputs and the conventional Fourier MPS. These findings suggest that the tuning characteristics of the peripheral and mid-level auditory system together produce a whitened output representation in three dimensions (frequency, temporal and spectral modulation) that reduces redundancies and allows for a more efficient use of neural resources. This hierarchical multi-stage tuning strategy is thus likely optimized to extract available information and may underlies perceptual sensitivity to natural sounds.
Carbon dioxide removal–What’s worth doing? A biophysical and public need perspective
Authors: Sekera June , Cagalanan Dominique , Swan Amy , Birdsey Richard , Goodwin Neva , Lichtenberger Andreas
Published: February 2023

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) has become a focal point for legislators and policymakers who are pursuing strategies for climate change mitigation. This paper employs a policy framework of collective biophysical need to examine two broad categories of CDR methods being subsidized and advanced by the United States and other countries: mechanical capture and biological sequestration. Using published data on these methods, we perform a biophysical input-outcome analysis, focusing on the U.S., and compare methods on the basis of three criteria: effectiveness at net carbon removal, efficiency at a climate-relevant scale, and beneficial and adverse co-impacts. Our findings indicate that biological methods have a superior return on resource inputs in comparison to mechanical methods. Biological methods are both more effective and more resource efficient in achieving a climate-relevant scale of CO2 removal. Additionally, the co-impacts of biological methods are largely positive, while those of mechanical methods are negative. Biological methods are also far less expensive. Despite their disadvantages and a track record of failure to date, mechanical CDR methods continue to receive large subsidies from the US government while biological sequestration methods do not. To achieve more optimal CDR outcomes, policymakers should evaluate CDR methods’ effectiveness, efficiency, and biophysical co-impacts. We present tools for this purpose.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moosaie Fatemeh , Mohammadi Soheil , Saghazadeh Amene , Dehghani Firouzabadi Fatemeh , Rezaei Nima
Published: February 2023

Background

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophic factor expressed in several tissues, including the brain, gut, and pancreas. Activation of the BDNF/TrkB/CREB reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis, induces hepatic insulin signal transduction, and protects against pancreatic beta-cell loss in diabetes mellitus (DM). Several studies have investigated the possible association between BDNF and DM and its complications, but the results have been conflicting.

Aim

In the present study, we aimed at systematically reviewing the literature on the serum and plasma levels of BDNF in DM and its subgroups such as T2DM, DM patients with depression, and patients with retinopathy.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We identified 28 eligible studies and calculated the standardized mean difference (SMD) of outcomes as an effect measure.

Results

The meta-analysis included 2734 patients with DM and 6004 controls. Serum BDNF levels were significantly lower in patients with DM vs. controls (SMD = -1.00, P<0.001). Plasma BDNF levels were not different in patients with DM compared with controls. When conducting subgroup analysis, serum BDNF levels were lower among patients with T2DM (SMD = -1.26, P<0.001), DM and depression (SMD = -1.69, P<0.001), and patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) vs. controls (SMD = -1.03, P = 0.01).

Conclusions

Serum BDNF levels were lower in patients with DM, T2DM, DM with depression, and DM and DR than the controls. Our findings are in line with the hypothesis that decreased BDNF levels might impair glucose metabolism and contribute to the pathogenesis of DM and its complications.
A discrete model for the evaluation of public policies: The case of Colombia during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Catano-Lopez Alexandra , Rojas-Diaz Daniel , Lizarralde-Bejarano Diana Paola , Puerta Yepes María Eugenia
Published: February 2023

In mathematical epidemiology, it is usual to implement compartmental models to study the transmission of diseases, allowing comprehension of the outbreak dynamics. Thus, it is necessary to identify the natural history of the disease and to establish promissory relations between the structure of a mathematical model, as well as its parameters, with control-related strategies (real interventions) and relevant socio-cultural behaviors. However, we identified gaps between the model creation and its implementation for the use of decision-makers for policy design. We aim to cover these gaps by proposing a discrete mathematical model with parameters having intuitive meaning to be implemented to help decision-makers in control policy design. The model considers novel contagion probabilities, quarantine, and diffusion processes to represent the recovery and mortality dynamics. We applied mathematical model for COVID-19 to Colombia and some of its localities; moreover, the model structure could be adapted for other diseases. Subsequently, we implemented it on a web platform (MathCOVID) for the usage of decision-makers to simulate the effect of policies such as lock-downs, social distancing, identification in the contagion network, and connectivity among populations. Furthermore, it was possible to assess the effects of migration and vaccination strategies as time-dependent inputs. Finally, the platform was capable of simulating the effects of applying one or more policies simultaneously.
Effect of guided Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation on corneal endothelial cells: A 2-year comparative study
Authors: Chey Ji Hyoung , Lee Chang Kyu
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To compare the effects of guided and non-guided Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation on the corneal endothelium.

Methods

Medical records of patients who underwent AGV implantation in the anterior chamber (AC) were reviewed retrospectively. The eyes were divided into two groups depending on the use of a guidance technique with spatula and a 4–0 nylon intraluminal stent. Specular microscopy was performed to measure corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) loss after surgery, and the rate of ECD change was calculated. Tube parameters were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Results

The ECD loss during 2 years of follow-up was significantly lower in the guided AGV implantation (gAGV) group than in the non-guided implantation (ngAGV) group, and the rate of ECD change was -0.62 ± 1.23 and -1.42 ± 1.57%/month in the gAGV and ngAGV groups, respectively (p = 0.003). The mean tube–cornea distance (TCD) and mean tube–cornea angle (TCA) were significantly greater in the gAGV group than in the ngAGV group. The frequency of tube repositioning within 2 years after surgery was 0% in the gAGV group and 12.66% in the ngAGV group (p = 0.005).

Conclusions

The use of a guidance technique can reduce corneal endothelial loss during the first 2 years after AGV implantation in the AC. The tube was positioned at a more distant and wider angle from the cornea in the eyes of the gAGV group, which may have contributed to the reduced need for tube repositioning to prevent corneal decompensation.
Clinical outcomes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention: A Korean nationwide cohort study
Authors: Ha Sang Jin , Park Se-Jun , Lee Bora , Moon Hyesung , Kim Bo Young
Published: February 2023

Objective

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the short-and long-term prognosis of patients with and without RA who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

The Korean National Health Insurance Service claims database was used to extract data on 236,134 patients (34,493 with RA and 201,641 without RA) who underwent PCI between 2008 and 2019. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or coronary revascularization with short-term (30-day) and long-term outcomes. The secondary outcomes were the individual components of MACE.

Results

During a 10-year follow-up, patients with RA showed a shorter median survival time from MACE than their counterparts (with RA: 4.29 years vs. without RA: 6.10 years). RA was significantly associated with an increased risk of MACEs in long-term outcomes (hazard ratio (HR) 1.07, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.06–1.09, p<0.001), but not with short-term outcomes (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99–1.06, p = 0.222). RA was an independent predictor of an increased risk of all the MACE components.

Conclusion

In patients who underwent PCI, RA did not increase the risk of short-term cardiovascular outcomes but increased the risk of long-term adverse outcomes.
Screen use, sleep duration, daytime somnolence, and academic failure in school-aged adolescents
Authors: Pérez-Chada Daniel , Bioch Sergio Arias , Schönfeld Daniel , Gozal David , Perez-Lloret Santiago ,   On behalf of the Sleep in Adolescents Collaborative study group
Published: February 2023

In this study, we examined the relationship between screen time use, sleep characteristics, daytime somnolence, and academic performance in school-aged adolescents. We surveyed 1,257 12- to 18-year-old adolescents attending 52 schools in urban or suburban areas of Argentina. We recorded the daily exposure to various screen-based activities, including video- and online-gaming, social media, TV or streaming. Screen time and device type in the hour before bedtime, sleep patterns during weekdays and weekends, somnolence (Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale score), and grades in language and mathematics were also assessed. Structural Equation Modelling was used to identify a path connecting the latent variables. Results are expressed as standardized regression weights (srw). Missing data were present in 393 subjects, and thus the final sample consisted of 864 complete responses. Daytime somnolence (i.e., PDSS score ≥ 15) was observed in 614 participants (71%), and academic failure (i.e., grades < 7/10) in 352 of them (41%). Time spent using video gaming consoles was negatively associated with sleep duration (srw = -0.22, p<0.01) and positively connected with daytime somnolence (srw = 0.11, p<0.01). Use of mobile devices was associated with lower academic performance (srw = -0.11, p<0.01). Sleep duration was inversely related to daytime somnolence (srw = -0.27, p<0.01), which was in turn negatively associated with academic performance (srw = -0.18, p<0.05). Bedtime computer use did not influence any outcome. In summary, among adolescents, screen use adversely affected nighttime sleep, daytime somnolence, and academic performance. These findings call for the implementation of educational public campaigns aimed at promoting healthy sleep and reducing screen exposure among adolescents.
No evidence of resistance to itraconazole in a prospective real-world trial of dermatomycosis in India
Authors: Handa S. , Villasis-Keever A. , Shenoy M. , Anandan S. , Bhrushundi M. , Garodia N. , Fife D. , De Doncker P. , Shalayda K. , Hu P. , Fonseca S. , Cure-bolt N.
Published: February 2023

Background

The prevalence of superficial fungal infections in India is believed to have increased substantially in the past decade. We evaluated the treatment outcomes and risk factors associated with clinical response to a treatment course of itraconazole for the management of dermatomycosis in India.

Methods

In this real-world, prospective pilot study (August 2019 to March 2020), adult participants (18–60 years), diagnosed withT.crurisorT.corporis, received itraconazole 200 mg/day (any formulation) orally for 7 days, and were followed for an additional 7 days.

Results

The study was terminated early due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Of 40 enrolled participants (mean [SD] age, 35.5 [12.73] years; {62.5%}] male; 37 received itraconazole and 20 (50%) completed the study. The median (range) Clinical Evaluation Tool Signs and Symptoms total score at baseline was 5.5 (2–10). Clinical response of “healed” or “markedly improved” based on the Investigator Global Evaluation Tool at day 7 (primary objective) was 42.9% (12/28; 95% CI: 24.53%, 61.19%). Itraconazole minimum inhibitory concentration for identified microorganisms,T.mentagrophytesspecies complex (91.7%) andT.rubrum(8.3%), was within the susceptibility range (0.015–0.25 mcg/mL). At day 14, 8/13 (61.5%) participants achieved a mycological response, 2/13 participants (15.4%) had a mycological failure and 90% showed a clinical response.

Conclusion

COVID-19 pandemic affected patient recruitment and follow-up, so the findings call for a careful interpretation. Nevertheless, this real-world study reconfirmed the clinical efficacy and microbial susceptibility to itraconazole for the fungi causing dermatophytosis in India.

Trial registration

Trial registration number: Clinicaltrials.govNCT03923010.
A metakognícióelmélet 21. századi szerepvállalásáról
Authors: Csíkos Csaba
Published: February 2023

A tanulmány azt vizsgálja, milyen lehetőségei vannak a
metakogníció-elméletnek a 21. századi pedagógiai gyakorlat egyik fontos
területén, a számolási készség fejlesztésében. A metakogníció elméleti
modelljei rövid fejlődéstörténetének áttekintését és a metakogníció-kutatás
megoldatlan kérdéseinek említését követően azt vizsgáljuk, a Nagy József
kutatásaiban is kitüntetett helyen szereplő számolási készség
értelmezésében, értékelésében és fejlesztésében milyen szerep juthat a
metakogníció-elmélet segítségével megfogalmazható elméleti és gyakorlati
megállapításoknak. A számfogalom hármaskód-elmélete és a számolási készség
fejlődésének vizsgálata egyaránt jól illeszthető ahhoz az elképzeléshez,
hogy a számolás metakognitív jelenségei nem a készség fejlődésének késői,
érett szakaszában jutnak főszerephez, hanem a készség fejlődésének kezdeti
időszakától a metakognitív és nem metakognitív komponensek összjátéka adja
a megfelelő aritmetikai teljesítményt. Bár a számolási készség vizsgálata
nyújtott először elegendő empirikus bizonyítékot arra vonatkozóan, hogy a
kiterjesztett Nelson–Narens-modell segítségével leírhatóvá váljék a
metakognitív komponensek szerepe, más készségterületek, elsősorban az
olvasás területén is a számolási készséggel analóg módon értelmezhető a
metakognitív és nem metakognitív elemek egyensúlya és fejlődésben betöltött
szerepe.
A versengés mint szociális érdekérvényesítő képesség
Authors: Fülöp Márta
Published: February 2023

A tanulmány Nagy József szociális érdekérvényesítő képességekre és
azokon belül elsősorban a versengésre vonatkozó elméleti megfontolásait
tárgyalja. Kiemeli Nagy József jelentőségét abban, hogy a versengést
nemzetközi szinten is elsőként értelmezte az iskolában fejleszthető és
fejlesztendő szociális készségként. A tanulmány kitér a versengési
mintázatok különbségeire, és részletesen áttekinti azokat a strukturális,
magatartásbeli és személyiségbeli feltételeket, amelyek alapján a versengés
konstruktív vagy destruktív folyamattá válhat. A konstruktív versengésre
vonatkozó elméleti ismeretek mellett az együttműködő versengés szituatív
jellemzőire vonatkozó empirikus vizsgálatot ismertet, majd röviden
tárgyalja a konstruktív versengés iskolai helyzetekben való előfordulását,
illetve tanárok nézeteit arról, hogy mennyire kell és lehet a versengést
iskolai környezetben fejleszteni. Utolsóként a tanulmány kitér az
együttműködve versengő állampolgár iskolai nevelésének részt vevő
megfigyelőként tapasztalt mindennapi gyakorlatára.
A koronavírus hatása a magyar kis- és középvállalkozásokra
Authors: Pogácsás Péter , Szepesi Balázs
Published: February 2023

Az első világháborút követő spanyolnáthán kívül az elmúlt száz év legnagyobb világméretű természeti katasztrófája a koronavírus-járvány volt, amely a magyar társadalomra és gazdaságra is súlyos hatással volt. A Mathias Corvinus Collegium és az IFKA Közhasznú Nonprofit Kft. közös kutatásában a koronavírus-járvány és a válság magyar kis- és középvállalkozásokra gyakorolt hatását vizsgálta, azok válságálló- és reagáló képessége, valamint alkalmazkodási stratégiái vonatkozásában. A kutatás megállapította, hogy elsősorban a járvány keresletre gyakorolt hatásán múlt, melyik vállalkozás járt jobban vagy rosszabbul koronavírus miatt. A bizonytalanság és a járvány generálta helyzet önmagában is megnövelte a vállalkozók költségeit. Az alkalmazkodás leginkább a rugalmasságon, a költségcsökkentésen és az óvatosságon alapult. A vállalkozók reagálása azt mutatja, hogy a járvány hatására erősödhet a vállalkozások stratégiai gondolkozása, melynek fontos elemei a válságállóság és a kezdeményezési képesség megerősítése.
Compte rendu de Alexis Drahos : «L’astronomie dans l’art de la Renaissance à nos jours»
Authors: Stoffel Jean-François
Published: February 2023

Drahos (Alexis), L’astronomie dans l’art de la Renaissance à nos jours. – Paris : Éditions Citadelles & Mazenod, 2014. – 183 p. – 1 vol. relié de 28 × 24 cm. – 59,00 €. – isbn 9782-85088-605-8.
Compte rendu de Michel Blay : «Critique de l’histoire des sciences»
Authors: Verdet Cyril
Published: February 2023

Blay (Michel), Critique de l’histoire des sciences. – Paris : CNRS éditions, 2017. – 301 p. – 1 vol. broché de 14 × 20,5 cm. – 22,00 €. – isbn 978-2-271-09184-0.
Compte rendu de Marc Crommelinck & Jean-Pierre Lebrun : «Un cerveau pensant : entre plasticité et stabilité : psychanalyse et neurosciences»
Authors: D’Udekem-Gevers Marie
Published: February 2023

Crommelinck (Marc) - Lebrun (Jean-Pierre), Un cerveau pensant : entre plasticité et stabilité. Psychanalyse et neurosciences. – Toulouse : Éditions érès, 2017. – 248 p. – (Humus : entretiens). – 1 vol. broché de 11 × 17 cm. – 17,00 €. – isbn 978-2-7492-5641-2.
Compte rendu de Agathe Euzen, Bettina Laville & Stéphanie Thiébault (sous la direction de) : «L’adaptation au changement climatique : une question de société»
Authors: Marbaix Philippe
Published: February 2023

L’adaptation au changement climatique : une question de sociétés / sous la direction d’Agathe Euzen, Bettina Laville et Stéphanie Thiébault ; [avant-propos de Alain Fuchs] ; [préfaces de Bettina Laville et Monique Barbut]. – Paris : CNRS Éditions, 2017. – 409 p. – 1 vol. broché de 15 × 23 cm. – 24,00 €. – isbn 978-2-271-09482-7.
Compte rendu de Claude Dargent, Yannick Fer & Raphaël Liogier : «Science et religion»
Authors: Maldamé Jean-Michel
Published: February 2023

Science et religion / sous la direction de Claude Dargent, Yannick Fer et RaphaëL Liogier. – Paris : CNRS éditions, 2017. – 250 p. – (CNRS Alpha). – 1 vol. broché de 15 × 23 cm. – 25,00 €. – isbn 978-2-271-08941-0.
Compte rendu de Silvana Bartoli : «La felicità di una donna : Émilie du Châtelet tra Voltaire e Newton»
Authors: Guerra Corinna
Published: February 2023

Bartoli (Silvana), La felicità di una donna : Émilie du Châtelet tra Voltaire e Newton. – Firenze : Leo S. Olschki editore, 2017. – 238 p. – (Biblioteca dell’« Archivum Romanicum ». Serie 1 : Storia, letteratura, paleografia ; 479). – 1 vol. broché de 17 × 24 cm. – 25,00 €. – isbn 978-88-222-6546-3.
Compte rendu de Michela Petrini, Gianfranco Pradisi & Alberto Zaffaroni : «A Guide to Mathematical Methods for Physicists : Advanced Topics and Applications»
Authors: Antoine Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2023

Petrini (Michela) - Pradisi (Gianfranco) - Zaffaroni (Alberto), A Guide to Mathematical Methods for Physicists : Advanced Topics and Applications. – London : World Scientific, 2019. – 296 p. – (Advanced Textbooks in Physics). – 1 vol. broché de 15 x 23 cm. – 40,00 £ – isbn 978-1-78634-704-6.
Compte rendu de Shan Gao : «The Meaning of the Wave Function : in Search of the Ontology of Quantum Mechanics»
Authors: Nauts André
Published: February 2023

Gao (Shan), The Meaning of the Wave Function : In Search of the Ontology of Quantum Mechanics. – First paperback edition. – Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2018. – 190 p. – 1 vol. broché de 18 × 25.5 cm. – 31.78 $. – isbn 978-1-108-46423-9.
Compte rendu de Freddy Rey : «Restaurer les milieux et prévenir les inondations grâce au génie végétal»
Authors: Micha Jean-Claude
Published: February 2023

Rey (Freddy), Restaurer les milieux et prévenir les inondations grâce au génie végétal. – Versailles : Éditions Quae, 2018. – 114 p. – (Matière à débattre & décider). – 1 vol. broché de 14,5 × 21 cm. – 25,00 €. – isbn 978-2-7592-2777-8.
«Les saints ont la parole»
Authors: Polet Caroline , Beauthier Jean-Pol , Lefèvre Philippe , George Philippe
Published: February 2023

Depuis la fin du XXe siècle, les autorités ecclésiastiques autorisent, voire encouragent, l’analyse scientifique des reliquaires et de leurs contenus. Ces analyses sont réalisées par des experts regroupant un ensemble de domaines de recherche : historiens, anthropologues, médecins légistes, archéologues, spécialistes des datations, des métaux, des textiles, etc. À travers de nombreux exemples dans lesquels nous développerons principalement les résultats de l’analyse des restes humains, nous verrons que ces études pluridisciplinaires ont livré des données parfois surprenantes.

* * *

Since the late 20th century, ecclesiastical authorities have authorised, and even encouraged, the scientific analysis of reliquaries and their contents. These analyses are performed by experts from a wide range of research fields: historians, anthropologists, forensic scientists and archaeologists, as well as specialists in chronological dating, metals, textiles, etc. We will demonstrate, by means of numerous examples focussing mainly on the analysis of human remains, that these multidisciplinary studies can yield some startling results.
Compte rendu de Véronique Le Ru : «Émilie du Châtelet philosophe»
Authors: Iommi Amunátegui Godofredo
Published: February 2023

Le Ru (Véronique), Émilie du Châtelet philosophe. – Paris : Classiques Garnier, 2019. – 208 p. – (Les anciens et les modernes - études de philosophie, 38). – 1 vol. broché de 15 × 22 cm. – 29,00 €. – isbn 978-2-406-08792-2.
Compte rendu de Jean-François Bert : «Comment pense un savant ? Un physicien des Lumières et ses cartes à jouer»
Authors: Iommi Amunátegui Godofredo
Published: February 2023

Bert (Jean-François), Comment pense un savant ? Un physicien des Lumières et ses cartes à jouer. – Paris : Éditions Anamosa, 2018. – 221 p. – 1 vol. broché de 12 × 19 cm. – 20,00 €. – isbn 979-10-95772-44-6.
Compte rendu de Ileana Chinnici : «Decoding the Stars : a Biography of Angelo Secchi, Jesuit and Scientific»
Authors: Euvé François
Published: February 2023

Chinnici (Ileana), Decoding the Stars : a Biography of Angelo Secchi, Jesuit and Scientific. – Leiden : Brill, 2019. – (Jesuit Studies, 16). – 1 vol. électronique. – 140,00 €. – isbn 978-90-04-38733-1.
Compte rendu de Jonathan H. Turner, Alexandra Maryanski, Anders Klostergaard & Armin W. Geertz : «The Emergence and Evolution of Religion : by Means of Natural Selection»
Authors: D’Udekem-Gevers Marie
Published: February 2023

Turner (Jonathan H.) - Maryanski (Alexandra) - Klostergaard Petersen (Anders) - Geertz (Armin W.), The Emergence and Evolution of Religion : by Means of Natural Selection. – New York ; London : Routledge, 2017. – 304 p. – (Evolutionary Analysis in the Social Sciences). – 1 vol. broché de 15 × 23 cm. – £ 27,99. – isbn 978-1-138-08092-8.
Compte rendu de Guy Vautrin : «Histoire de la vulgarisation scientifique avant 1900»
Authors: Vanpaemel Geert
Published: February 2023

Vautrin (Guy), Histoire de la vulgarisation scientifique avant 1900. – Les Ulis : EDP Sciences, 2018. – 408 p. – (Sciences & Histoire). – 1 vol. broché de 16 × 24 cm. – 34,00 €. – isbn 978-2-7598-2246-1.
Compte rendu de Léonard Susskind & Art Friedman : «Relativité restreinte et théorie classique des champs : tout ce que vous avez besoin de savoir pour commencer à faire de la physique»
Authors: Hespel Bertrand
Published: February 2023

Susskind (Léonard) - Friedman (Art), Relativité restreinte et théorie classique des champs : tout ce que vous avez besoin de savoir pour commencer à faire de la physique / traduit de l’anglais par André Cabannes et Benoît Clenet. – Lausanne : Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes, 2018. – xi, 358 p. – (Le minimum théorique). – 1 vol. broché de 15 × 21 cm. – 23,60 €. – isbn 978-2-88915-218-6.