bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chaos-guided neural key coordination for improving security of critical energy infrastructures
Authors: Sarkar Arindam , Khan Mohammad Zubair , Noorwali Abdulfattah
Published: July 2021

In this paper, chaos-guided artificial neural learning-based session key coordination for industrial internet-of-things (IIoT) to enhance the security of critical energy infrastructures (CEI) is proposed. An intruder might pose several security problems since the data are transferred across a public network. Although there have been substantial efforts to solve security problems in the IIoT, the majority of them have relied on traditional methods. A wide range of privacy issues (secrecy, authenticity, and access control) must be addressed to protect IIoT systems against attack. Owing to the unique characteristics of IIoT nodes, existing solutions do not properly address the entire security range of IIoT networks. To deal with this, a chaos-based triple layer vector-valued neural network (TLVVNN) is proposed in this paper. A chaos-based exchange of common seed value for the generation of the identical input vector at both transmitter and receiver is also proposed. This technique has several advantages, including (1) it protects IIoT devices by utilizing TLVVNN synchronization to improve CEI security. (2) Here, artificial neural coordination is utilized for the exchange of neural keys between two IIoT nodes. (3) Using this suggested methodology, chaotic synchronization can be achieved, enabling the chaos-based PRNG seed exchange. (4) Vector-valued inputs and weights are taken into consideration for TLVVNN networks. (5) The deep internal architecture is made up of three hidden layers of the neural network and a vector value as input. As a result, the attacker would have great difficulty interpreting the internal structure. Experiments to verify the performance of the proposed technique are conducted, and the findings demonstrate that the proposed technique has greater performance benefits than the existing related techniques.
IHWC: intelligent hidden web crawler for harvesting data in urban domains
Authors: Kaur Sawroop , Singh Aman , Geetha G. , Cheng Xiaochun
Published: July 2021

Due to the massive size of the hidden web, searching, retrieving and mining rich and high-quality data can be a daunting task. Moreover, with the presence of forms, data cannot be accessed easily. Forms are dynamic, heterogeneous and spread over trillions of web pages. Significant efforts have addressed the problem of tapping into the hidden web to integrate and mine rich data. Effective techniques, as well as application in special cases, are required to be explored to achieve an effective harvest rate. One such special area is atmospheric science, where hidden web crawling is least implemented, and crawler is required to crawl through the huge web to narrow down the search to specific data. In this study, an intelligent hidden web crawler for harvesting data in urban domains (IHWC) is implemented to address the relative problems such as classification of domains, prevention of exhaustive searching, and prioritizing the URLs. The crawler also performs well in curating pollution-related data. The crawler targets the relevant web pages and discards the irrelevant by implementing rejection rules. To achieve more accurate results for a focused crawl, ICHW crawls the websites on priority for a given topic. The crawler has fulfilled the dual objective of developing an effective hidden web crawler that can focus on diverse domains and to check its integration in searching pollution data in smart cities. One of the objectives of smart cities is to reduce pollution. Resultant crawled data can be used for finding the reason for pollution. The crawler can help the user to search the level of pollution in a specific area. The harvest rate of the crawler is compared with pioneer existing work. With an increase in the size of a dataset, the presented crawler can add significant value to emission accuracy. Our results are demonstrating the accuracy and harvest rate of the proposed framework, and it efficiently collect hidden web interfaces from large-scale sites and achieve higher rates than other crawlers.
Durch Gott legitimiert, das „Reich“ zu befreien
Authors: Herrberg Niklas
Published: July 2021

Der Zusammenhang zwischen der Reichsbürgerszene, religiösen Semantiken und Verschwörungssemantiken wurde trotz soziologischer wie gesellschaftlicher Relevanz für längere Zeit wenig erforscht. Vor dem Hintergrund religiöser Bezüge im deutschen Rechtsextremismus zeigt der Artikel, welche Rolle Religion für die Argumentation der Reichsbürgerszene hat. Dabei wird auf der einen Seite davon ausgegangen, dass Religion und Verschwörungssemantiken als funktionale Äquivalente verstanden werden können, insofern beide deutende, komplexitätsreduzierende und sinnstiftende Funktionen übernehmen. Auf der anderen Seite wird auf inhaltlicher Ebene gezeigt, wie religiöse Semantiken Eingang in die Argumentation der Reichsbürger finden. Die Rolle religiöser Semantiken wird anhand einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse online verfügbarer Beiträge von zwölf relevanten Reichsbürgergruppen näher analysiert. Dabei werden Akteurschaftszuschreibungen induktiv erhoben und miteinander verglichen. Der Artikel zeigt, dass die naturalisierende Perspektive der Reichsbürger, die sich in einer Gegenüberstellung von einer als natürlich verstandenen eigenen Akteurschaft und einer als künstlich abgewerteten Akteutschaft zugeschriebener Verschwörer äußert, auch religiös begründet wird: Die eigene Akteurschaft legitimiert sich in diesem Sinne über supernaturalisierende Zuschreibungen. Sie wird als Teileiner göttlich-transzendenten Ordnung begriffen, die in der manichäischen Weltdeutung der Reichsbürger von verschwörerischen Kräften bedroht ist.
Low PEEP Mechanical Ventilation and PaO2/FiO2 Ratio Evolution in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Ceruti Samuele , Roncador Marco , Saporito Andrea , Biggiogero Maira , Glotta Andrea , Maida Pier Andrea , Urso Patrizia , Bona Giovanni , Garzoni Christian , Mauri Romano , Borgeat Alain
Published: July 2021

Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is the standard treatment in critically ill COVID-19 patients with acute severe respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). When IMV setting is extremely aggressive, especially through the application of high positive-end-expiratory respiration (PEEP) values, lung damage can occur. Until today, in COVID-19 patients, two types of ARDS were identified (L- and H-type); for the L-type, a lower PEEP strategy was supposed to be preferred, but data are still missing. The aim of this study was to evaluate if a clinical management with lower PEEP values in critically ill L-type COVID-19 patients was safe and efficient in comparison to usual standard of care. A retrospective analysis was conducted on consecutive patients with COVID-19 ARDS admitted to the ICU and treated with IMV. Patients were treated with a lower PEEP strategy adapted to BMI: PEEP 10 cmH2O if BMI < 30 kg m−2, PEEP 12 cmH2O if BMI 30–50 kg m−2, PEEP 15 cmH2O if BMI > 50 kg m−2. Primary endpoint was the PaO2/FiO2 ratio evolution during the first 3 IMV days; secondary endpoints were to analyze ICU length of stay (LOS) and IMV length. From March 2 to January 15, 2021, 79 patients underwent IMV. Average applied PEEP was 11 ± 2.9 cmH2O for BMI < 30 kg m−2 and 16 ± 3.18 cmH2O for BMI > 30 kg m−2. During the first 24 h of IMV, patients’ PaO2/FiO2 ratio presented an improvement (p<0.001; CI 99%) that continued daily up to 72 h (p<0.001; CI 99%). Median ICU LOS was 15 days (10–28); median duration of IMV was 12 days (8–26). The ICU mortality rate was 31.6%. Lower PEEP strategy treatment in L-type COVID-19 ARDS resulted in a PaO2/FiO2 ratio persistent daily improvement during the first 72 h of IMV. A lower PEEP strategy could be beneficial in the first phase of ARDS in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Fertility sparing endometriosis surgery: A review
Authors: Quevedo Amira , Pasic Resad , Connor Alexandria , Chamseddine Petra
Published: July 2021

Background

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition involving endometrial-like tissue outside of the uterus. There are no medical management options available to improve fertility in patients with known endometriosis prior to conception. Specifically, the fertility sparing surgical techniques used to manage endometriomas and colorectal endometriosis are controversial prior to natural conception and implementing assisted reproductive technology.

Methods

A literature search, including PubMed and the Cochrane Library, was performed from November 2020 to February 2021 and articles in English that addressed endometriosis associated infertility and surgical treatments were included. Our review provides a comprehensive evidence-based evaluation of fertility sparing endometriosis surgery.

Results

The pathogenesis of endometriosis and its role in infertility is poorly understood and complex. The management of patients with painful endometriomas continues to be excision, whereas small asymptomatic endometriomas require an individualized approach. Colorectal endometriosis excision improves pregnancy rates in retrospective and prospective cohort studies. However, randomized control trials are still needed to confirm these findings and their functional risks must be carefully discussed with the patient.

Conclusions

Surgical excision of endometriosis improves fertility in patients with symptomatic disease. Further research with randomized controlled trials is needed to determine if surgery is mandatory prior to implementing assisted reproductive technologies in those patients with asymptomatic endometriosis and infertility.
Digital Signal Processing
Authors: Holton Thomas
Published: July 2021

Combining clear explanations of elementary principles, advanced topics and applications with step-by-step mathematical derivations, this textbook provides a comprehensive yet accessible introduction to digital signal processing. All the key topics are covered, including discrete-time Fourier transform, z-transform, discrete Fourier transform and FFT, A/D conversion, and FIR and IIR filtering algorithms, as well as more advanced topics such as multirate systems, the discrete cosine transform and spectral signal processing. Over 600 full-color illustrations, 200 fully worked examples, hundreds of end-of-chapter homework problems and detailed computational examples of DSP algorithms implemented in MATLAB® and C aid understanding, and help put knowledge into practice. A wealth of supplementary material accompanies the book online, including interactive programs for instructors, a full set of solutions and MATLAB® laboratory exercises, making this the ideal text for senior undergraduate and graduate courses on digital signal processing.
In Search of Home
Authors: Haritas Kaveri
Published: July 2021

In Search of Home explores a new yet less explored space of urban poverty – rehabilitation housing for the displaced poor, which increasingly dots the peripheries of Indian cities. This longitudinal ethnography examines these new liminal zones suspended between a slum and the legal city, producing 'citizenship in-limbo' and relegating the poor to perpetual dependence on the state albeit legal residence. It examines how the flexible governance of such housing produces illegalities, and how state institutions and actors stand to gain through systemic corruption that co-opts urban poor groups, pre-empting radical resistance. This book makes central the gendered nature of such politics, detailing the everyday political work of women, vital to the development of poor neighbourhoods and political struggles for housing. This analysis of rehabilitation housing policies and their implementation, chronicles the myriad strategies employed by the urban poor, from documenting to political performances, in their struggles for a home.
Of lice and men: Charles Darwin, Henry Denny and the evidence for the human races as varieties or species
Authors: Radick Gregory , Steadman Mark
Published: July 2021

Charles Darwin never doubted the common ancestry of the human races. But he was open-minded about whether the races might nevertheless be so different from each other that they ought to be classified not as varieties of one species but as distinct species. He pondered this varieties-or-species question on and off for decades, from his time aboard theBeaglethrough to the publication of theDescent of Man. A constant throughout was his concern with something that he first learned on theBeaglevoyage and that, on the face of it, seemed to favour the species ranking: the different races, he was told, play host to distinct species of lice. This paper reconstructs the long run of Darwin's reflections and interactions on race, lice and history, using his extended correspondence with Henry Denny – curator of the scientific collections of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, and Britain's leading expert in the natural history of lice – as a window onto the social world whose imprint is everywhere in the pages of theDescent.
The evolution of Darwinian sexualities
Authors: Milam Erika Lorraine
Published: July 2021

Charles Darwin'sDescent of Manwas suffused with questions of courtship, mating and sex. Following in his footsteps, biologists throughout the twentieth century interrogated the sexual behaviour of humans and animals. This paper charts the fate of evolutionary theories of sexuality to argue that – despite legal and social gains of the past century – when biologists used sexual selection as a tool for theorizing the evolution of homosexual behaviour (which happened only rarely), the effect of their theories was to continuously reinscribe normative heterosexuality. If, at the end of the nineteenth century, certain sex theorists viewed homosexuality as a marker of intermediate sex, by the late twentieth a new generation of evolutionary theorists idealized gay men as hyper-masculine biological males whose sexual behaviours were uncompromised by the necessity of accommodating women's sexual preferences. In both cases, normative assumptions about gender were interwoven with those about sexuality. By the twenty-first century, animal exemplars were again mobilized alongside data gathered about human sexual practices in defence of gay rights, but this time by creating the opportunity for naturalization without recourse to biological determinism.
The Datafication of Law: How Technology Encodes Carceral Power and Affects Judicial Practice in the United States
Authors: Rothschild-Elyassi Gil
Published: July 2021

This inquiry explores how data analyses about US Federal sentences have transformed sentencing practice beginning in the mid-1980s. I consider this inquiry an early case of the datafication of law, a pervasive process that translates legal practice into data and embeds it in digital networks so it can be tracked and analyzed in real time. To explore datafication historically and in relation to legal practice and power, I consider it not as an objective and passive undertaking but, rather, as an ideological and performative process that encodes and enacts normative presumptions and desirable futures. The empirical inquiry traverses “levels of analysis” and thus bridges prominent perspectives in sociolegal research. In so doing, I identify four mechanisms that mediate “large-scale” processes and “local” practices: field assembly, symbolic projection, material inscription, and boundaries spanning. Substantively, I show how datafication has not simply described, but also transformed, sentencing practice according to a colorblind-carceral imaginary that strives to fix the present in place. By relentlessly translating decisions into data forms that derive from this carceral imaginary, datafication affects judicial action and partakes in sustaining legacies of oppression. Yet, like other technologies, datafication also reveals dialectic dimensions in opening up to new actors and subjecting its ideological underpinnings to contestation and change.
Should we regard question-based media headlines as clickbait?
Authors: Poole Brian
Published: July 2021

In an article published a little over a decade ago (Betteridge, 2009), the journalist Ian Betteridge offered some scathing comments about a piece published a few days earlier in TechCrunch by Erick Schonfeld (Schonfeld, 2009). Amongst other things, Betteridge suggested that the headline concerned (‘Did Last.fm Just Hand Over User Listening Data to the RIAA?’) was ‘a great demonstration of my maxim that any headline which ends in a question mark can be answered by the word “no”.’ Readers of English Today will realise immediately that this ‘maxim’ cannot possibly be watertight as expressed by Betteridge, since only polar questions can be answered with a ‘yes’ or ‘no’. For example, WH-questions (Quirk & Greenbaum, 1973: 196) such as ‘Who opened my letter?’ and ‘How long have you been waiting?’ obviously cannot be responded to in any sensible way with a simple ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Furthermore, it is not difficult to find media headlines taking the form of non-polar questions: for example, “What would a no-deal Brexit mean for business?” (O'Dwyer et.al., 2020).
Unsettling Sound: Some Traces
Authors: BAILES SARA JANE , HEMSLEY ALEXANDRINA , MITRA ROYONA , SHAH RAJNI , STANGER ARABELLA , TOUSSAINT-BAPTISTE JEREMY
Published: July 2021

Unsettling Sound examined the at once destabilizing and liberatory experiential dimensions of sounding through three dialogue-events, opening up possible meanings, sensations, ideological and bodily potentialities of the sonic, and the sonic potentialities of bodies. This series of conversations, co-devised by Sara Jane Bailes and Arabella Stanger, took place remotely and online. Here, traces of the events are gathered into print. Alexandrina Hemsley reflects on their exchange with Seke Chimutengwende and Xana in the midst of creating an audio version of the stage show, Black Holes (2018). Rajni Shah and Royona Mitra share voice letters on the impossibilities of anti-racist institutions and dreaming new worlds. Jeremy Toussaint-Baptiste shares a new conceptual score, Étude for Not Knowing #1 (2021).
Validation of Ice Cloud Microphysical Properties Retrieval Using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo Algorithm
Authors: Ding Xia , Huang Xingyou , Wang Haitao , Shen Yanqiu
Published: July 2021

The Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm has been used for retrieving ice cloud microphysical properties in this paper. The retrieval data include effective radius (re), ice water content (IWC), number density (N0), and distribution width parameter (w).

First we examine the algorithm feasibility using simulated W‐band radar reflectivity. The retrievals locate in a solution space around the exact results. Two methods are applied to produce a unique solution with maximum likelihood function, that is, the mean value of all acceptable sets of parameters in the chain and the first convergence sample. The results of the second method have a better performance compared with that of the first method. The algorithm has better performance when one particle size distribution (PSD) parameter is known than that when three PSD parameters are unknown.

Then we apply the algorithm for CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) observations. Four habits, including column, plate, bullet rosette and sphere, are considered to analyze the influence on the retrieval accuracy. The averaged deviation ofres andIWCs obtained from MCMC algorithm among different habit assumptions has a maximum of about 10% and 5%, respectively. It appears clearly that the MCMC algorithm retrieval for short hexagonal column (HEXS) are the closest to that of the official products (2B‐CWC‐RO), while thick hexagonal plate (HEXF) has the largest bias. Retrievedre,IWC,N0, andwfrom radar reflectivity are in reasonable agreement with 2B‐CWC‐RO product, which indicate that the MCMC algorithm can produce reliable cloud properties from radar observations.
Capability of Existing Drought Indices in Reflecting Agricultural Drought in China
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Wang Kaicun
Published: July 2021

A variety of drought indices have been constructed to monitor agricultural drought using ground‐based observations and satellite data. The drought indices focus on diverse aspects of agricultural drought and may have diverse applicability in different regions. We calculated seven popular drought indices and evaluated their performances on monitoring agricultural drought in the main agricultural regions of China (i.e., Northeast China, the North China Plain, the middle‐and‐lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the Sichuan Basin). The independent assessment data used here included three aspects: soil moisture, vegetation photosynthesis (i.e., sun‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence, SIF), and crop yield. Results show that drought indices with one‐month time scale are more sensitive to topsoil moisture than drought indices with longer time scales. Drought indices based on regular meteorological data (DImet) and synthesized drought indices (DIsyn) show better performances on capturing drought impacts on the SIF than other drought indices. DIsyn is more appropriate for predicting drought impact on crop yield than other drought indices. In addition, drought impact on vegetation photosynthesis and crop yield is lessened in humid or irrigated regions. Our study sheds light on agricultural drought researches in the future.
Ultra‐Wideband SAR Tomography on Asteroids
Authors: Gassot Oriane , Herique Alain , Fa Wenzhe , Du Jun , Kofman Wlodek
Published: July 2021

Our knowledge of the internal structure of asteroids is currently indirect and relies on inferences from remote sensing observations of surfaces. However, it is fundamental for understanding small bodies' history and for planetary defense missions. Radar observation of asteroids is the most mature technique available to characterize their inner structure, and Synthetic Aperture Radar Tomography (TomoSAR) allows 3D imaging of their interior. However, as the geometry of observation of small asteroids is complex, and TomoSAR studies have always been performed in the Earth observation geometry, its results in a small body geometry must be simulated to assess the methods' performances. We adopt here two different tomography algorithms and evaluate their performances in our geometry by assessing the resolution and the difference between the scatterer's position and its retrieved position. The first method, the Frequency Domain Back Projection (FDBP) is based on correcting the Fourier transform of the received signal by a phase function built from the geometry. While it can provide a good resolution, a bias remains in the imaged scatterer's position. Meanwhile, Compressive Sensing (CS) relies on the hypothesis that few scatterers lie in the same direction from the subsurface. Its application in the small body geometry is studied, which results in a slightly impoverished resolution but an improved localization of the scatterer.
The Effectiveness of Global Constructed Shallow Waterbody Design Guidelines to Limit Harmful Algal Blooms
Authors: Liu S. , Johnson F. , Tamburic B. , Crosbie N. D. , Glamore W.
Published: July 2021

Constructed shallow waterbodies are often designed and built to limit harmful algal blooms in urban regions. Efforts to reduce algal bloom occurrence in these waterbodies have largely focused on waterbody design, catchment criteria and onsite engineering options. However, many constructed shallow waterbodies that comply with design guidelines still experience harmful algal blooms. Identifying the knowledge gaps in current guidelines and examining their recommended design criteria can improve their effectiveness to reduce algal outbreaks. Here, we reviewed 66 global guidelines and identified common design criteria. The use of a ‘one size fits all' empirical approach and dated literature are common issues associated with the design criteria recommended. Further, only approximately one third of the guidelines that were analyzed directly mentioned harmful algal bloom‐related design criteria. To test the validity of these design values in a real‐world setting, the suitability of design factors in limiting harmful algal blooms was assessed by analyzing 222 shallow waterbodies monitored over a 9 year period in southeastern Australia. The site analysis indicated that macrophyte area to surface area ratio, shoreline development index, and fetch are the three most influential single design factors associated with harmful algal bloom reduction. The analyses highlighted the ineffectiveness of the existing design criteria globally, with blooms occurring even though some waterbodies were designed in accordance with recommended parameters. The analysis suggested that understanding interactions between multiple design factors may be a useful approach, for example, when considering the macrophyte area to surface area ratio in combination with the shoreline development index.
Multi‐Proxy, Multi‐Season Streamflow Reconstruction With Mass Balance Adjustment
Authors: Nguyen Hung T. T. , Galelli Stefano , Xu Chenxi , Buckley Brendan M.
Published: July 2021

Despite having offered important hydroclimatic insights, streamflow reconstructions still see limited use in water resources operations, because annual reconstructions are not suitable for decisions at finer time scales. The few attempts toward sub‐annual reconstructions have relied on statistical disaggregation, which uses none or little proxy information. Here, we develop a novel framework that optimizes proxy combinations to simultaneously produce seasonal and annual reconstructions. Importantly, the framework ensures that total seasonal flow matches annual flow closely. This mass balance criterion is necessary to avoid misguiding water management decisions, such as the allocation of water rights or dam release decisions. Using the framework, and leveraging a multi‐species network of ring width and cellulose O in Southeast Asia, we reconstruct seasonal and annual inflow to Thailand's largest reservoir. The reconstructions are statistically skillful. Furthermore, they preserve the mass balance well: the differences are mostly within 10% of the mean annual flow. As a result, the reconstructions provide more reliable estimates of the seasonal and annual surface water availability. This work is one step closer toward operational usability of streamflow reconstruction in water resources management.
Thermal Electron Behavior in Obliquely Propagating Whistler Waves: MMS Observations in the Solar Wind
Authors: Liu Z.‐Y. , Wang B. , Zong Q.‐G. , Yao S. T. , Pollock C. J. , Le G.
Published: July 2021

Determining how electrons behave in whistler waves is fundamental for understanding whistler waves’ role in space electron energization. Here, we report a whistler wave‐electron interaction case observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft in the solar wind. The observations suggest whistler waves can effectively trap/bunch thermal electrons. In the direction perpendicular to the background magnetic fields, thermal electrons are bunched by and rotate with wave perpendicular fields, manifesting as repeated inclined stripes in rhythm with the waves on electron gyrophase‐time spectrograms. On the other hand, in the parallel direction, thermal electrons are trapped by wave parallel electric fields, resulting in trapping islands around wave parallel potential maxima. Here, the boundaries of these trapping islands are displayed as V‐shaped structures of large phase space density on electron pitch angle‐time spectrograms, since the waves propagate along electron density gradient. The observations presented here well demonstrate whistler waves’ capability of modulating electron phase space trajectories.
New Insights Into Potassic Intraplate Volcanism in Northeast China From Joint Tomography of Ambient Noise and Teleseismic Surface Waves
Authors: Chen Ying , Ai Yinshuang , Jiang Mingming , Yang Yingjie , Lei Jianshe
Published: July 2021

Wudalianchi volcano is one of the youngest volcanic groups among the Cenozoic intraplate volcanoes in Northeast China and is notable for its potassium‐rich basalts. With newly deployed dense broadband seismic stations, we construct a high‐resolution 3‐D S‐wave velocity model of Wudalianchi volcano and its adjacent region, including the Keluo and Erkeshan volcanoes, using ambient noise and teleseismic surface wave tomography. We find a prominent channel‐like low‐velocity body that extends from the Moho to a depth of 100 km directly beneath the Wudalianchi, Erkeshan, and Keluo (WEK) volcanoes. This low‐velocity anomaly suggests that these three volcanoes may be derived from the same mantle magmatic source. Our model also shows that the prominent low‐velocity anomaly is associated with the pervasive low‐velocity anomalies at a depth of 100–200 km, which is interpreted as the asthenosphere. We further find that the lithosphere beneath the WEK volcanoes thickens abruptly from ∼80 to ∼110 km. Combining our results with those of other geophysical studies, we propose a geodynamic scenario for WEK intraplate volcanism. When the background asthenospheric flow in Northeast China encounters sharp changes in lithosphere thickness beneath the WEK volcanoes, it produces locally turbulent flow, promotes asthenospheric upwelling, and finally forms volcanoes.
Summer Mean and Extreme Precipitation Over the Mid‐Atlantic Region: Climatological Characteristics and Contributions From Different Precipitation Types
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Qian Yun , Leung L. Ruby , Feng Zhe
Published: July 2021

Based on a long‐term observational data set from the tracking of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), isolated deep convection (IDC), and tropical cyclones (TCs), we examine the climatological characteristics of summer (June–August) mean and extreme precipitation during 2004–2017 and their respective contributions from MCS, IDC, TC, and non‐convective (NC) systems and the local versus remote influence of MCS and IDC over the Mid‐Atlantic region (MAR). On average, MCS, IDC, TC, and NC contribute 22%, 29%, 4%, and 45% to the total summer mean precipitation in the region. While MCS and TC precipitation primarily occurs in the coastal areas east of the Appalachian Mountains, IDC precipitation is more concentrated in the southern MAR and near the mountain windward slopes. Each summer, ∼41 MCSs with an average lifetime of 19.6 h influence the MAR, with 80% initiated outside and traveling on average 10 h before their centroids enter the region. Around 13 MCSs initiated in the Great Plains and Midwest propagate across the Appalachian Mountains and contribute 20%–40% to MCS precipitation in the central Mid‐Atlantic coastal areas each summer. In contrast, ∼2000 IDC events with an average lifetime of 2.0 h influence the MAR each summer, and 77% are initiated locally. MCS, IDC, TC, and NC contribute 31% (30%), 26% (31%), 17% (7%), and 26% (32%) to the top 1% (5%) extreme daily precipitation, respectively. Considering extreme hourly precipitation, however, the IDC contributions increase to 41% (top 1%) and 38% (top 5%) due to the frequent occurrence and large intensity of IDC precipitation.
Analytical Solutions for Confined and Unconfined Coastal Interface Flow by the Hodograph Method
Authors: Anderson Erik I.
Published: July 2021

We present an analytical solution describing steady, two‐dimensional groundwater flow in the vertical plane in an unconfined, coastal aquifer of finite depth. An interface separates flowing freshwater from stagnant seawater. The boundary conditions along both the phreatic surface and the interface are treated exactly by the use of the hodograph method and conformal mapping. Explicit expressions for the distance of the toe from the coast, and the distance of the tip from the coast, are presented as asymptotic expansions about small gradients valid for isotropic and vertically anisotropic aquifers. A new, and simpler form of the solution to the classical problem of confined interface flow is obtained as a limiting case of the unconfined solution. Both new solutions avoid the problem of crowding, which occurs in the existing solutions for confined interface flow, and is commonly encountered in conformal mappings of elongated domains. A comparison of the tip and toe locations is made for the unconfined and confined cases; the results compare favorably for typical values of seawater density. The exact equation for the toe length as a function of the gradient, truncated after two terms, provides a simple, accurate, and invertible expression for estimating the freshwater discharge to the coast based on field observations of the toe length.
Stable epidermal electronic device with strain isolation induced by in situ Joule heating
Authors: Wang Zihao , Lu Qifeng , Xia Yizhang , Feng Simin , Shi Yixiang , Wang Shuqi , Yang Xianqing , Zhao Yangyong , Sun Fuqin , Li Tie , Zhang Ting
Published: July 2021

Epidermal electronics play increasingly important roles in human-machine interfaces. However, their efficient fabrication while maintaining device stability and reliability remains an unresolved challenge. Here, a facile in situ Joule heating method is proposed for fabricating stable epidermal electronics on a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) substrate. Benefitting from the precise control of heating locations, the crystallization and enhanced rigidity of PVA are restricted to desired areas, leading to strain isolation of the active regions. As a result, the electronic device can be conformably attached to skin while showing negligible degradation in device performance during deformation. Based on this method, a flexible surface electromyography (sEMG) sensor with outstanding stability and highly comfortable wearability is demonstrated, showing high accuracy (91.83%) for human hand gesture recognition. These results imply that the fabrication method proposed in this research is a facile and reliable approach for the fabrication of epidermal electronics.
Targeting mTOR signaling overcomes acquired resistance to combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in BRAF-mutant melanoma
Authors: Wang Beike , Zhang Wei , Zhang Gao , Kwong Lawrence , Lu Hezhe , Tan Jiufeng , Sadek Norah , Xiao Min , Zhang Jie , Labrie Marilyne , Randell Sergio , Beroard Aurelie , Sugarman Eric , Rebecca Vito W. , Wei Zhi , Lu Yiling , Mills Gordon B. , Field Jeffrey , Villanueva Jessie , Xu Xiaowei , Herlyn Meenhard , Guo Wei
Published: July 2021

Targeting MAPK pathway using a combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors is an efficient strategy to treat melanoma harboring BRAF-mutation. The development of acquired resistance is inevitable due to the signaling pathway rewiring. Combining western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and reverse phase protein array (RPPA), we aim to understanding the role of the mTORC1 signaling pathway, a center node of intracellular signaling network, in mediating drug resistance of BRAF-mutant melanoma to the combination of BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) and MEK inhibitor (MEKi) therapy. The mTORC1 signaling pathway is initially suppressed by BRAFi and MEKi combination in melanoma but rebounds overtime after tumors acquire resistance to the combination therapy (CR) as assayed in cultured cells and PDX models. In vitro experiments showed that a subset of CR melanoma cells was sensitive to mTORC1 inhibition. The mTOR inhibitors, rapamycin and NVP-BEZ235, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in CR cell lines. As a proof-of-principle, we demonstrated that rapamycin and NVP-BEZ235 treatment reduced tumor growth in CR xenograft models. Mechanistically, AKT or ERK contributes to the activation of mTORC1 in CR cells, depending on PTEN status of these cells. Our study reveals that mTOR activation is essential for drug resistance of melanoma to MAPK inhibitors, and provides insight into the rewiring of the signaling networks in CR melanoma.
MicroRNA-361-5p slows down gliomas development through regulating UBR5 to elevate ATMIN protein expression
Authors: Jia Jiaoying , Ouyang Zhu , Wang Ming , Ma Wenjia , Liu Min , Zhang Mingming , Yu Mengqiang
Published: July 2021

MicroRNA (miR)-361-5p has been studied to suppress gliomas development. Based on that, an insight into the regulatory mechanism of miR-361-5p in gliomas was supplemented from ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component N-recognin 5 (UBR5)-mediated ubiquitination of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated interactor (ATMIN). miR-361-5p, ATMIN, and UBR5 levels were clinically analyzed in gliomas tissues, which were further validated in gliomas cell lines. Loss/gain-of-function method was applied to determine the roles of miR-361-5p and UBR5 in gliomas, as to cell viability, migration, invasion, colony formation ability, and apoptosis in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo. The relationship between miR-361-5p and UBR5 was verified and the interaction between UBR5 and ATMIN was explored. It was detected that reduced miR-361-5p and ATMIN and enhanced UBR5 levels showed in gliomas. Elevating miR-361-5p was repressive in gliomas progression. UBR5 was directly targeted by miR-361-5p. UBR5 can ubiquitinate ATMIN. miR-361-5p suppressed gliomas by regulating UBR5-mediated ubiquitination of ATMIN. Downregulating UBR5 impeded gliomas tumor growth in vivo. Upregulating miR-361-5p targets UBR5 to promote ATMIN protein expression, thus to recline the malignant phenotype of gliomas cells.
The acrocentric part of der(Y)t(Y;acro)(q12;p1?2) contains D15Z1 sequences in the majority of cases
Authors: Fuchs Sigrid , Lisfeld Jasmin , Kankel Stefanie , Person Luisa , Liehr Thomas
Published: July 2021

Chromosomal heteromorphisms (CHMs) are currently largely disregarded in human genetic diagnostics. One exception is der(Y)t(Y;acro)(q12;p1?2), which has at least been mentioned in karyotypes and discussed in reports. This derivative is frequently observed in healthy males with idiopathic infertility, which is not uncommon for CHMs. Here, we present the first systematic fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based study of 7 carriers of der(Y)t(Y;acro)(q12;p1?2). Specific probes for 15p11.2 (D15Z1) and 22p11.2 (D22Z4) were applied to answer the question of whether either of the short arms may be involved in the formation of the derivative Y-chromosome. In 6 out of 7 cases, specific staining was achieved using the D15Z1 probe, while the derivative acrocentric chromosomal region was not positive for D22Z4 in any of the 7 cases.

In conclusion, this study implies that the acrocentric chromosomal region is derived from chromosome 15 in the majority of cases with der(Y)t(Y;acro)(q12;p1?2).
Multiple evolutionary lineages for the main vector of Leishmania guyanensis, Lutzomyia umbratilis (Diptera: Psychodidae), in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Scarpassa Vera Margarete , Cunha-Machado Antônio Saulo , Alencar Ronildo Baiatone
Published: July 2021

Lutzomyia umbratilis is the main vector of Leishmania guyanensis in the Brazilian Amazon and in neighboring countries. Previous biological and molecular investigations have revealed significant differences between L. umbratilis populations from the central Brazilian Amazon region. Here, a phylogeographic survey of L. umbratilis populations collected from nine localities in the Brazilian Amazon was conducted using two mitochondrial genes. Statistical analyses focused on population genetics, phylogenetic relationships and species delimitations. COI genetic diversity was very high, whereas Cytb diversity was moderate. COI genealogical haplotypes, population structure and phylogenetic analyses identified a deep genetic differentiation and three main genetic groups. Cytb showed a shallower genetic structure, two main haplogroups and poorly resolved phylogenetic trees. These findings, allied to absence of isolation by distance, support the hypothesis that the Amazon and Negro Rivers and interfluves are the main evolutionary forces driving L. umbratilis diversification. The main three genetic groups observed represent three evolutionary lineages, possibly species. The first lineage occurs north of the Amazon River and east of Negro River, where Le. guyanensis transmission is intense, implying that L. umbratilis is an important vector there. The second lineage is in the interfluve between north of Amazon River and west of Negro River, an area reported to be free of Le. guyanensis transmission. The third lineage, first recorded in this study, is in the interfluve between south of Amazon River and west of Madeira River, and its involvement in the transmission of this parasite remains to be elucidated.
Long noncoding RNA CCAT1 rs67085638 SNP contribution to the progression of gastric cancer in a Polish population
Authors: Olesiński Tomasz , Lutkowska Anna , Balcerek Adam , Sowińska Anna , Piotrowski P , Trzeciak Tomasz , Maj Tomasz , Hevelke Piotr , Jagodziński Pawel P.
Published: July 2021

The role of the long noncoding RNA CCAT1 NC_000008.10:g.128220661C > T (rs67085638) in the development of colon cancer has been reported. Therefore, we assessed the prevalence of rs67085638 in patients with gastric cancer (GC). We also evaluated the effect of rs67085638 on B-cell-specific Moloney leukaemia virus insertion site 1 (BMI1) transcripts in primary GC and counterpart histopathologically confirmed disease-free margin tissue. Using high-resolution melting analysis, we evaluated rs67085638 frequency in patients with the GC genotype (n = 214) and controls (n = 502) in a Polish Caucasian population. qRT-PCR was used to determine BMI1 transcripts. We observed the trend of rs67085638 association in all patients with GC (ptrend = 0.028), a strong risk of the GC genotype in male (ptrend = 0.035) but not female (ptrend = 0.747) patients, and the association with non-cardia GC (ptrend = 0.041), tumour stages T3 (ptrend = 0.014) and T4 (ptrend = 0.032), differentiation grading G3 (ptrend = 0.009), lymph node metastasis stage N3 (ptrend = 0.0005) and metastasis stage M0 (ptrend = 0.027). We found that significantly increased BMI1 transcripts were associated with the primary GC genotype classified as grade G3 (p = 0.011) and as lymph node metastasis N3 (p = 0.010) and counterpart marginal tissues (p = 0.026, p = 0.040, respectively) from carriers of the T/T versus C/C genotypes. rs67085638 may contribute to increased BMI1 transcripts and the progression and rapid growth of GC.
The unbalanced reorganization of weaker functional connections induces the altered brain network topology in schizophrenia
Authors: Mastrandrea Rossana , Piras Fabrizio , Gabrielli Andrea , Banaj Nerisa , Caldarelli Guido , Spalletta Gianfranco , Gili Tommaso
Published: July 2021

Network neuroscience shed some light on the functional and structural modifications occurring to the brain associated with the phenomenology of schizophrenia. In particular, resting-state functional networks have helped our understanding of the illness by highlighting the global and local alterations within the cerebral organization. We investigated the robustness of the brain functional architecture in 44 medicated schizophrenic patients and 40 healthy comparators through an advanced network analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. The networks in patients showed more resistance to disconnection than in healthy controls, with an evident discrepancy between the two groups in the node degree distribution computed along a percolation process. Despite a substantial similarity of the basal functional organization between the two groups, the expected hierarchy of healthy brains' modular organization is crumbled in schizophrenia, showing a peculiar arrangement of the functional connections, characterized by several topologically equivalent backbones. Thus, the manifold nature of the functional organization’s basal scheme, together with its altered hierarchical modularity, may be crucial in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. This result fits the disconnection hypothesis that describes schizophrenia as a brain disorder characterized by an abnormal functional integration among brain regions.
Machine learning powered by principal component descriptors as the key for sorted structural fit of XANES
Authors: Martini A. , Guda A. A. , Guda S. A. , Bugaev A. L. , Safonova O. V. , Soldatov A. V.
Published: July 2021

A novel PCA based XANES fit is introduced. This approach selects those combinations of structural parameters affecting more the variation of a XANES spectrum and determines the amount of accessible structural information.
Selenium chalcogen bonds are involved in protein–carbohydrate recognition: a combined PDB and theoretical study
Authors: Fernández Riveras Jose A. , Frontera Antonio , Bauzá Antonio
Published: July 2021

In this manuscript we have analyzed the chalcogen bonds (ChB) involving selenium carbohydrates and protein residues through the combination of a Protein DataBank (PDB) survey backed up with theoretical calculations (RI-MP2/def2-TZVP level of theory).
Correction: Selective recognition of DNA defects by cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes
Authors: Dayanidhi David Paul Elisa , Malapati Rosaria Pinky , Ganesan Vaidyanathan Vaidyanathan
Published: July 2021

Correction for ‘Selective recognition of DNA defects by cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes’ by David Paul Elisa Dayanidhi et al., Dalton Trans., 2019, 48, 13536–13540, DOI: 10.1039/C9DT01225G.
Natural greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting substance sources and sinks from the peat bogs of Connemara, Ireland from 1994–2020
Authors: Derwent Richard G. , Simmonds Peter G. , O'Doherty Simon J. , Spain T. Gerard , Young D.
Published: July 2021

New emissions of methane and chloroform, with concurrent depositions of ozone and hydrogen were determined from the peat bogs of Ireland.
Promoted peroxymonosulfate activation by electron transport channel construction for rapid Cu(ii)/Cu(i) redox couple circulation
Authors: Chen Ting , Zhu Zhiliang , Bao Yujie , Zhang Hua , Qiu Yanling , Yin Daqiang
Published: July 2021

We report the successful electron transport channel construction of C–O–Cu linkage towards the facilitated Cu(ii)/Cu(i) REDOX couple circulation for PMS activation to achieve excellent BPA degradation.
Unambiguous determination of crystal orientation in black phosphorus by angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zou Bo , Wei Yadong , Zhou Yan , Ke Dingning , Zhang Xu , Zhang Meng , Yip Cho-Tung , Chen Xiaobin , Li Weiqi , Sun Huarui
Published: July 2021

We directly reveal that the external interference effect is the dominant physical mechanism for the intricate polarized Raman response of BP experimentally. Also, we show that the AC and ZZ directions can be unambiguously determined by a concise inequality .
Proposing high-affinity inhibitors fromGlycyrrhiza glabraL. against SARS-CoV-2 infection: virtual screening and computational analysis
Authors: Maddah Mina , Bahramsoltani Roodabeh , Yekta Nafiseh Hoseini , Rahimi Roja , Aliabadi Rasoul , Pourfath Mahdi
Published: July 2021

Licorice as a traditional medicine introduces promising antiviral phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-2.
Cochineal quinone carbon dot synthesis via a keto–enol tautomerism strategy and their intermolecular photo-induced cross-redox interactions with tetracycline
Authors: Tao Yun-Feng , He Yu-Juan , Ye Jin-Zhi , Yang Xiao , Yang Ying-Ying , Xie Ge-Ge , Liu Lan-Xiang , Du Guan-Ben , Zhang Hong , Zhou Bei
Published: July 2021

Specific molecular recognition of tetracycline by carminic acid-formed carbon dots taking advantage of the common quinone molecular structural unit.
Fabrication of an efficient ZIF-8 alginate composite hydrogel material and its application to enhanced copper(ii) adsorption from aqueous solutions
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Li Zhiyue , Zhang Taoyi , Chen Jing , Ji Wenxi , Wei Yun
Published: July 2021

PVA/SA@ZIF-8 was fabricated for enhanced copper adsorption by in situ grafting of ZIF-8 on the surface of the sodium alginate hydrogel.
A diselenide bond-containing ROS-responsive ruthenium nanoplatform delivers nerve growth factor for Alzheimer's disease management by repairing and promoting neuron regeneration
Authors: Yuan Xiaoyu , Jia Zhi , Li Jin , Liu Yanan , Huang Yuqin , Gong Youcong , Guo Xian , Chen Xu , Cen Jieqiong , Liu Jie
Published: July 2021

Schematic illustration of the fabrication of the R@NGF–Se–Se–Ru nano-system and its uptake by the neuron cells.