bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Study of Visual Outcome and Complications of Nd:YAG Laser Capsulotomy in Posterior Capsular Opacification Following Small Incision Cataract Surgery at a Tertiary Eye Care Centre in Rural Maharashtra - A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Dhakne Varsha Ramesh , Karad Sourabh Hanumant , Waghambare Samartha Babasaheb , Karad Hanumant Tulshiram , Nisale Uttam Haribhau , Karad Madhuri Tejas , Pujar Rajlaxmi Suhas , Ambade Harshal Sushil
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common delayed complication of cataract surgery. Nd:YAG (Neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet) laser posterior capsulotomy presents the advantages of a non-invasive, effective, relatively safe technique to manage intact posterior capsule that opacifies postoperatively. With this background we want to study the visual outcome and complications following Nd-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in posterior capsular opacification following small incision cataract surgery (SICS). METHODS The study includes 64 patients attending outpatient department of a tertiary eye care hospital at Latur from June 2018 to May 2019 who have undergone SICS with PMMA PC IOL (polymethyl methacrylate posterior chamber intraocular lens) implantation and clinically diagnosed with posterior capsular opacification. 64 eyes with PCO were subjected to Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy after detailed slit lamp bio microscopic examination pre- and post-capsulotomy. Follow-up was done at 1 hour, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks and patients were examined for visual outcome and any complications at each visit. RESULTS There were 16 males (25 %) and 48 females (75 %) with a mean age of 65 years. Posterior capsule opacification occurs within 3 years accounting for 46.9 % of the cases. Elschnig pearls type of PCO was more common when compared to fibrous type of PCO. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was less than 6 / 60 in 35 patients (54.7 %) and within 6 / 60 to 6 / 24 in 23 patients (35. 9 %) with 6 patients (9.4 %) accounting for visual acuity between 6 / 24 to 6 / 18. After Nd - YAG Laser Capsulotomy, 46.9 % gained best corrected visual acuity of 6 / 18 or better, 39.1 % cases improved 6 / 12 and better and BCVA of 6 / 9, 6 / 6 was observed in 11 cases and 1 case respectively. Only 12 out of 64 patients had complications. Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) was found in 4 patients. Intraocular lens (IOL) pitting was found in 8 patients. CONCLUSIONS Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy is a safe, effective and a non-invasive procedure which avoids all the complications of surgical capsulotomy in patients of posterior capsule opacification. KEYWORDS Posterior capsule opacification (PCO), Nd:Yag Laser Capsulotomy, Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), Central Subfield Macular Thickness (CSMT)
Impact of Media and Time Management Pattern on Mental Wellbeing among the General Population during COVID-19 Lockdown in India – A Cross-Sectional, Respondent-Driven Survey
Authors: Vatte Vishwak Reddy , Khairkar Praveen , Kandrakonda Srinivas , Jezreel Tabitha , Karri Satya Revanth , Fatima Syeda Hira
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND In COVID-19 pandemic, nation-wide complete lockdown was enforced for about 10 weeks which was an unprecedented experience for all and potentially influenced mental wellbeing partly through infodemic mismanagements. This study intended to analyse the impact of media and time management pattern on mental wellbeing among general population during COVID-19 lockdown in India. METHODS An online study questionnaire was circulated among general population between 1 st April and 12th May 2020 using social networking site (s). The questionnaire included socio-demographic details, source of information and knowledge on COVID-19, impact of time spent on media, smart phone, productive and relaxation activities, general views on lockdown experience and further mental health status was screened using standardized DASS - 21 Scale. Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics were done using SPSS statistic 26.0. RESULTS A total of 891 people responded from 11 states, mostly (89 %) from South India, and 27.5 % were having mental health problems on DASS - 21 scale. Most of the participants opined that COVID-19 information on traditional (53 %) and social media (85 %) were not completely authentic and perhaps amplifying perceptual responses. Excess time spent on media (46 %) and smart phone over exposure (61 %) had significant mental health issues and on contrary individuals who managed their time well, indulging in productive and relaxation activities were found to be psychologically stable (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the impact of media and time management pattern during lockdown emphasizing both positive and negative predictors of mental health. There is clearly a need for media regulation and working in collaboration with authorities for better mental wellbeing of the society in ongoing fight with COVID19. KEYWORDS COVID-19, Lockdown, Media, Smartphone, Time Management Pattern
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media in a Teaching Hospital, Telangana
Authors: G Shyam , G Rachana , Yawar Mohammed
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is defined as a chronic inflammation of the middle ear and mastoid cavity. The disease usually begins in childhood. We need to study the prevalence and risk factors of chronic suppurative otitis media in a teaching hospital in Telangana. METHODS This was a cross sectional study done among patients with CSOM attending the Department of ENT for a duration of one year from January 2019 to December 2019. Detailed history, otoscopic examination and culture sensitivity tests of ear discharge were done. RESULTS The sample size was 150. The prevalence of CSOM was reported to be 7.5 %. Majority of the cases were in the 11 - 15 years age group, i.e., 56.6 %. Tubotympanic type was most commonly reported and accounted for 80 % (100 / 150) whereas atticoantral type was 20 %. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most commonly isolated organism from the ear discharge. Most of the CSOM cases presented with upper respiratory tract infection i.e., 20 %. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of CSOM in our study was 7.5 % and it was more common in the younger age group. CSOM was more common in the lower socioeconomic class. Upper respiratory tract infection is a frequent mode of presentation of CSOM. KEYWORDS CSOM, Ear Discharge, Tubotympanic CSOM, Atticoantral CSOM
Intrastromal Injection of Voriconazole in the Treatment of Deep Fungal Keratitis - A Prospective Study in a Tertiary Care Centre in South India
Authors: R Bindu Madhavi , Y.M Manjula , C Suma , Basanth Soumya , Acharya Nibedita
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Treatment of fungal ulcers is one of the most challenging tasks. Various topical antifungal drugs have poor corneal stromal penetration. Voriconazole is a broad spectrum drug and is an effective agent for the treatment of fungal keratitis as a topical preparation. It is potent against a broad range of clinically significant fungal infections both in the eye as well systemically. In tropical climatic conditions filamentous fungi commonly cause eye infections and are associated with poor visual outcomes. The treatment options for mycotic ulcers are limited, therefore direct intrastromal injections are helpful in the management of these deep mycotic keratitis. We wanted to evaluate the role of intrastromal injection of voriconazole in the management of deep fungal keratitis not responding to conventional therapy. METHODS This an interventional case series study done at a tertiary care centre in south India from the year April 2019 to August 2020. Eight eyes of eight patients with microbiologically proven deep stromal recalcitrant mycotic keratitis not responding to topical antifungal medications were evaluated. Voriconazole 50 microgram / 0.1 ml was injected around the infiltrate in the corneal stroma as an adjunctive to the topical antifungal treatment. Main outcome measure was a reduction of the size of the infiltrate and ulcer and decrease in infection on regular follow ups. RESULTS Before injecting voriconazole, all the cases were of either gradually worsening of lesions on topical treatment, or not responding to topical treatment. After the injection a rapid decrease in the size of corneal ulcer, hypopyon, and infiltration was seen within 3 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Targeted delivery of intrastromal voriconazole may be a safe and effective way in the management of deep seated fungal ulcers which respond poorly to conventional treatment procedures, thus reducing the need for further surgical treatment. KEYWORDS Intrastromal Injection, Voriconazole, Fungal Keratitis, Deep Mycotic Keratitis
Serum Ferritin Levels in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients - A Cross Sectional Study from Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
Authors: Gopinathan Rupa , Gopalakrishna Deepa , Beegum Saboora , Iype Thomas
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Disturbance of brain iron homeostasis have been linked to acute neuronal injury following cerebral ischemia. Increased body iron stores measured as serum ferritin is an acute-phase reactant involved in cellular defence against oxidative stress and it constitutes the main intracellular iron storage protein. In a healthy population, iron excess may not be a major concern; however, in persons with high oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia, iron excess may place them at greater risk. Hence this study is undertaken to find out the role of iron in acute ischemic stroke and to estimate the iron stores, measured as serum ferritin in acute ischemic stroke patients. METHODS A minimum of 180 consecutive patients above 40 years in the acute phase of ischemic stroke within 72 hours of first episode admitted to the neurology department was selected for the study. Data collection was based on Interview method by detailed questionnaire and laboratory investigations. Quantitative determination of serum ferritin was done by immunoenzymatic colorimetric method using ELISA technique. Association of risk factors like age, gender, place of residence, history of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes between cases with elevated ferritin and normal values were analysed. RESULTS In the present study incidence of stroke was more common among patients with the age group of more than 50 years and among the 180 cases, 75 % showed elevated serum ferritin levels. Association of risk factors between cases with elevated ferritin and cases with normal ferritin were studied and it shown that history of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes were statistically significant. Multiple logistic regression showed history of hypertension and dyslipidaemia that were independent predictors of elevated ferritin levels among stroke patients. CONCLUSIONS Serum Ferritin was increased in acute ischemic stroke patients. There was significant association of factors like history of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes with elevated ferritin levels. KEYWORDS Stroke, Ferritin, Oxidative Stress, Free Radicals
Aetiology of Cytopenia’s in Children - A Five Year Study in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in Kerala
Authors: Krishnan Ashida Mony , Raman Selva Raja Siddharth , Rajan Lali Krishnan
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Cytopenia is the most common condition in paediatric population which requires detailed haematological evaluation. The objective of this study was to understand the, aetiological factors of the three types of cytopenia (single cytopenia, bicytopenia, pancytopenia) in children. METHODS This study is a descriptive & retrospective 5 year study conducted in the Haematology wing of a paediatric tertiary health care centre in South India. Data of all cases who underwent detailed haematological evaluation like Complete blood count, peripheral smear and bone marrow examination for cytopenias during the study period were included in the study. RESULTS The study sample was 365. The total number of patients with single cytopenia (isolated anaemia / leukopenia / thrombocytopenia) was 240 (65.7 %), bicytopenia were 90 (24.6 %) and pancytopenia was 35 (9.58 %). There was slight female predominance (M: F = 1: 1.05). Bicytopenia and pancytopenia were commonly observed between 1 - 5 years of age, while single cytopenias were more common in 5 - 10-year age group. The analysis of symptoms and signs in all cytopenia groups showed petechiae / purpura as the most common presentation in single cytopenia. The analysis of clinical symptoms showed significant correlation (P value < 0.05). Single cytopenia was the most common observed type of cytopenia with Immune thrombocytopenic purpura as the commonest aetiologic factor. In the present study most common causes of bicytopenia were reactive conditions like ITP with and without anaemia, infections etc. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) was the most common aetiologic factor for pancytopenia (ANOVA test and Bonferroni test P value < 0.05). Isolated thrombocytopenia was the most common peripheral smear picture observed, followed by hypochromic microcytic picture and combination of hypochromic microcytic anaemia (HMA) with thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSIONS Children with cytopenias commonly have benign conditions than malignant conditions. Cytopenias due to primary haematological malignancies are more common than secondaries. KEYWORDS Bicytopenia, Cytopenia, Children, Aetiology, Paediatric Pancytopenia
A Cross Sectional Study of Proportion of Respiratory Failure in Patients with Organophosphate Poisoning in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South Kerala
Authors: Sankarapillai Narayan Mullasseril , Yakoobali Mohammed Naseem , Sreenivasan Sreenath
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Due to the widespread use and availability of agricultural insecticides, acute organophosphate poisoning is becoming the most common type of poisoning in Kerala. The cause of death is thought to be a confluence of increased bronchial secretion, bronchospasm, respiratory muscle dysfunction, respiratory center depression and respiratory failure. The purpose of the study is to find the proportion of respiratory failure in patients with organophosphate poisoning. METHODS It is a cross sectional study done in 119 consenting patients who are known cases of organophosphorous (OP) poisoning satisfying the inclusion criteria. They underwent clinical assessment and laboratory investigations to assess complications of organophosphorous poisoning. Clinical features and lab findings were recorded as per protocol. RESULTS 65 out of 119 (54.6 %) had evidence of respiratory failure. Among these 65, 20 % succumbed to death (13). 56.5 % of males (48) and 50 % of females (17) developed respiratory failure. 72.2 % of patients more than 60 years (13) had respiratory failure. Majority of the cases were of chlorpyriphos poisoning 42 (35.3 %). 76.5 % (13) of dimethoate poisoning developed respiratory failure. 93.4 % (57) of patients with respiratory failure had elevated serum amylase levels. CONCLUSIONS Respiratory failure is a very common complication found in organophosphate poisoning. It is more common in males than females and its proportion increases with age. The incidence of respiratory failure is more with dimethoate. Serum amylase levels can be used as a marker for development of respiratory failure in organophosphate poisoning. KEYWORDS Organophosphate Poisoning, Respiratory Failure, Serum Amylase Levels
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes in Patients of Isthmic Spondylolisthesis Treated with Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion - A Retrospective Cohort Study, New Delhi
Authors: Jaroli Abhishek Komalsing , Dhaked Gajanand , Rajpurohit Harish Narayansingh
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Operative treatment and fusion for isthmic spondylolisthesis can be achieved by various fusion techniques such as posterolateral fusion (PLF), anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and circumferential fusion. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcome and radiological correction achieved after TLIF and assess the correlation between them if any. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study analysing 30 cases of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis who failed conservative treatment and were then treated with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion between 2011 and 2013. The clinical follow-up was done with the modified Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual pain analogue score (VPAS). For the radiological follow-up radiographs were taken and several radiographic parameters were noted and analysed. RESULTS The mean of the Oswestry disability index scores in all patients decreased from 67.73 to 13.1 at final follow up. Similarly, visual pain analogue score reduced from mean 8.43 to 1.76 at final follow up. The average anterolisthesis was significantly reduced from the preoperative 27.1 ± 14 % to 7.1 ± 5 % at final follow-up radiographs (P < 0.001). Segmental lordosis increased from a mean of 11.5 degrees to 15.7 degrees. The difference in slip angle was significant from preoperative -4.87 ± 4.8 degrees and - 7.23 ± 4.63 degrees on the initial postoperative and - 7.2 ± 4.57 degrees at final follow-up radiographs (P = 0.14 and 0.13 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Thus, adult isthmic spondylolisthesis can be safely and effectively treated by TLIF with significant clinical relief and decrease in disability. TLIF procedure in isthmic spondylolisthesis is capable of reducing the sagittal translation and restoring disc height. Also, sagittal alignment and lordosis can be restored to a large extent. KEYWORDS Spondylolisthesis, Pelvic Incidence, Sagittal Balance, TLIF
Medical Education during COVID-19 Pandemic - Experience of Medical Teaching Faculty of SHKM, GMC, Mewat, Haryana - A Cross-Sectional, Questionnaire-Based Survey
Authors: Mahajan Shikhaa , Singh Sangeeta B. , Kumari Asha , Sharma Vivek
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Since March 2020, after coronavirus outbreak and nationwide lockdown, medical education in India has experienced a major disruptive change. Measures to prevent the spread of infection and hence to ensure social distancing have led to the closure of medical colleges and starting of online teaching. This study was planned with a purpose to investigate and assess the experience of medical teachers of SHKM, Government Medical College, Mewat, Haryana towards online teaching during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, self-administered, questionnaire-based survey in which data about their experience with online teaching was gathered by interviewing fifty Medical Educators of SHKM, GMC, Mewat, Haryana. As a part of questionnaire validation process, we invited six faculty members to pilot-test the initial draft and it was modified based on their feedback. Survey was done from July 2020 to Dec 2020. RESULTS Majority of the faculty were happy with the starting of online lectures. Maximum faculty were conversant with the use of online apps, had all the equipment required for making and taking online lectures, felt that taking online lectures was not as comfortable as classroom lectures, found it convenient to use laptop / mobiles / tablets for lectures, faced network problems, technical glitches while taking their online lectures, could complete the online lecture within the prescribed time limit, did not tend to spend more time on social sites while preparing for online lectures ; used multimedia, gave electronic study material to their students, did not feel comfortable, while interacting and asking questions, experienced few students leaving classes in between and joining back again only while marking attendance, experienced few students hesitating to reply to questions asked and gave excuses about technical faults. CONCLUSIONS Educators can help document and analyse the effects of current changes to learn and apply new principles and practices to the future. KEYWORDS COVID-19, Online Teaching, Medical Faculty
A Prospective Study of Evaluation and Management of Obstructive Jaundice in a Tertiary Care Hospital, North Coastal Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Laxman Janni , Patro Patnala Mohan
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Obstructive jaundice is defined as a condition occurring due to block in pathway between the site of conjugation of bile in liver cells and entry of bile into duodenum through the ampulla. This block may be intraheptic or extraheptic in the duct. Evaluation and management of obstructive jaundice is a challenging task to the surgeon owing the varied etiology and wide management option. Common bile duct (CBD) varies in length from 5 to 15 cm with average diameter of 6 mm. CBD can be divided in to four portions: supra duodenal, retro duodenal, intra duodenal and intramural portion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern of aetiology of obstructive jaundice in these parts and compare the clinical and laboratory presentations with obstructive jaundice between benign and malignant cases. METHODS This is a prospective analytical study. Patients with obstructive jaundice who attended the outpatient department of Surgery, GITAM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Visakhapatnam over a period of 24 months from November 2017 to October 2019 were admitted and taken up for the study. A total of 60 cases were studied. RESULTS Abdominal pain was a presenting symptom in 48 patients (80 %). Ninety five percent of patients of benign and 50 % of patients of malignant aetiology presented with this symptom. P value was found to be statistically significant for this symptom. This means that jaundice with pain in abdomen is more common in benign conditions while malignant conditions cause painless jaundice. CONCLUSIONS Malignant obstructive jaundice is most commonly seen in males while benign conditions are more common in females. Benign conditions causing obstructive jaundice is most common under 40 years of age while malignant obstructive jaundice is commonly seen between 50 and 60 years of age. KEYWORDS Cholestasis, Extraheptic, Obstructive Jaundice
Effect of Calcium Hypochlorite and Sodium Hypochlorite as Root Canal Irrigants on Push-Out Bond Strength of Fiber Post Cemented with Etch-and-Rinse Resin Cement: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Sheikh Ghahderijani Mahdiyeh , Khoroushi Maryam , Feiz Atiyeh
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Calcium hypochlorite (CH) has been recently used as a root canal irrigant. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of CH and sodium hypochlorite (SH), as root canal irrigants, on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts cemented with an etch-and-rinse resin cement.  Materials and Methods: In this experimental in-vitro study, 40 human anterior teeth with similar root lengths were randomly divided into five groups (N=8) according to the protocol of root canal irrigation as follows: group 1: saline (control); group 2: 2.5% SH; group 3: 5.25% SH; group 4: 2.5% CH; group 5: 5% CH. Before post placement, the post space was irrigated using the same irrigation protocol, and after that, they were irrigated by distilled water. Fiber posts were cemented with All-Bond 3 bonding and Dou-Link Universal cement. After thermocycling (1000 cycles, 5- 55°C), a push-out test was performed, and data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test with SPSS version 23 (α=0.05).
Results: The highest and lowest mean bond strengths were detected in groups 2 and 5, respectively. There was no significant difference between group 1 and the SH groups (P>0.05), but the difference between group 1 and the CH groups was significant (P<0.001). There was a significant difference between SH groups and CH groups (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Compared to SH, as a root canal irrigant, CH decreased the push-out bond strength of fiber posts cemented with an etch-and-rinse resin cement.
Role of Fibroblast Activation Protein Alpha in Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Mousavi Mohammad Javad , Farhadi Elham , Vodjgani Mohammad , Karami Jafar , Tahmasebi Mohammad Naghi , Sharafat Vaziri Arash , Asgari Marzieh , Rezaei Nima , Mostafaei Shayan , Jamshidi Ahmadreza , Mahmoudi Mahdi
Published: June 2021

Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) have been introduced in recent years as a key player in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the exact mechanisms of their transformation and intracellular pathways have not yet been determined. This study aimed to investigate the role of fibroblast activation protein-alpha (FAP-α) in the regulation of genes involved in the transformation and pathogenic activity of RA FLSs. Synovial FLSs were isolated from RA patients and non-arthritic individuals (n=10 in both groups) and characterized; using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry analysis. FLSs were divided into un-treated and Talabostat-treated groups to evaluate the FAP-α effect on the selected genes involved in cell cycle regulation (p21, p53, CCND1), apoptosis (Bcl-2, PUMA), and inflammatory and destructive behavior of FLSs (IL-6, TGF-β1, MMP-2, MMP-9, P2RX7). Gene expression analysis was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR), and immunoblotting was carried out to evaluate FAP-α protein levels. The basal level of FAP-α protein in RA patients was significantly higher than non-arthritic control individuals. However, no differences were observed between RA and non-arthritic FLSs, at the baseline mRNA levels of all the genes. Talabostat treatment significantly reduced FAPα protein levels in both RA and non-arthritic FLSs, however, had no effect on mRNA expressions except an upregulated TGF-β1 expression in non-arthritic FLSs. A significantly higher protein level of FAP-α in FLSs of RA patients compared with that of healthy individuals may point to the pathogenic role of this protein in RA FLSs. However, more investigations are necessary to address the mechanisms mediating the FAP-α pathogenic role in RA FLSs.
Inflammation in an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis Leads to MicroRNA-25-3p Dysregulation Associated with Inhibition of Pten and Klf4
Authors: Zare-Chahoki Ameneh , Ahmadi-Zeidabadi Meysam , Azadarmaki Saeid , Ghorbani Samira , Noorbakhsh Farshid
Published: June 2021

Perturbed expression of microRNAs (miRs) has been reported in different diseases includingautoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders. In this study, we investigated the expression of miR25-3p and its targets in the central nervous system (CNS) tissue from mice with experimentalautoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We also analyzed the expression of miR-25 and its targets inactivated macrophages and splenocytes.EAE was induced in 12-week old female C57BL/6 mice; using myelin oligodendrocyteglycoprotein 35-55/complete Freund's adjuvant (MOG35-55/CFA) protocol. The expression of miR25-3p and its targets, as well as the expression of inflammatory cytokines, were analyzed. We nextestablished primary macrophage cultures as well as splenocyte cultures and evaluated the levels of miR25-3p and its target genes in these cells following activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and antiCD3/anti-CD28 antibodies, respectively.MiR-25-3p expression showed a strong positive correlation with the expression of tumor necrosisfactor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1α, and IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokines. The expression ofphosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) and Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) was significantly reduced at the peak ofthe disease. Interestingly, Pten and Klf4 expression showed a significant negative correlation with miR25-3p. Analysis of miR-25-3p expression in LPS-treated primary macrophages revealed significantupregulation in cells treated with 100ng/ml of LPS. This was associated with suppressed levels of miR25-3p targets in these cells. However, anti-CD3/anti-CD28-stimulated splenocytes failed to show anyalterations in miR-25-3p expression compared with vehicle-treated cells.Our results indicate that miR-25-3p expression is likely induced by inflammatory mediators duringautoimmune neuroinflammation. This upregulation is associated with decreased levels of Pten and Klf4, genes with known roles in cell cycle regulation and inflammation.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Influenza Season in Hospitalized Patients: Concerns and Suggestions
Authors: Norooznezhad Amir Hossein
Published: June 2021

The article's Abstract is not available.
MicroRNAs in Human Disease: Commentary
Authors: Adcock Ian M , Mumby Sharon
Published: June 2021

The Articles Abstract is not available.
QUANDO O CUIDADO ENCONTRA A RUA: EXPERIÊNCIAS DE ENFRENTAMENTO À SÍFILIS COM A POPULAÇÃO EM SITUAÇÃO DE RUA
Authors: Medeiros Diego , Aires Pereira Louanne , Romão dos Santos Janete , De Brito Figueiredo Mirleide , Rodrigues Feitoza Aline , Cavalcante Paiva Marcos
Published: June 2021

A população em situação de rua (PSR) é prioritária para o enfrentamento da epidemia de sífilis. Trata-se de um relato de experiência das articulações do Projeto “Sífilis Não” no município de Fortaleza-Ce, para acesso da PSR à testagem rápida de sífilis. Para tanto, foram mobilizadas instituições da saúde, da assistência social e da sociedade civil para a realização de duas campanhas extramuros de oferta de testes rápidos de sífilis. A intersetorialidade é fundamental para a resposta à sífilis. A primeira campanha ocorreu nas dependências de uma organização da sociedade civil; a segunda num equipamento da assistência social para a população em situação de rua. Houve significativa adesão da PSR nas duas campanhas e a possibilidade de construção de vínculos no que diz respeito à sífilis. A efetividade de uma política pública de acesso das PSR à saúde requer que se observem as singularidades desse segmento, bem como os elementos sociais, políticos e econômicos que as atravessam. Os artifícios meramente biomédicos não são suficientes para impactar esse cenário. O desafio é superar a dupla invisibilidade: a sífilis e a PSR. A manutenção das atividades de enfrentamento à sífilis requer um duplo tensionamento: das populações para as instituições e das instituições para as populações.
Molar Incisor Malformation in Three Cases
Authors: VURAL Handan , DUMAN Sacide
Published: June 2021

Molar-incisor malformation (MIM) or molar root-incisor malformation (MRIM) is a dental anomaly that affects molar teeth and maxillary central incisors. Even though, the etiology is not exactly known, it has been reported that several factors such as staphylococcal infection in the neonatal period, neurological diseases such as meningitis and hydrocephalus, ongoing medications, infectious diseases and premature delivery were effective. In this case report, the clinical and radiographic characteristics of 3 cases with MIM were specified. Early diagnosis and follow up of MIM is of great importance and there is a need for a multidisciplinary treatment approach in MIM.
Porque nem toda feiticeira é corcunda: sentidos sobre o ser bruxa/ser mulher em filmes infantis e infantojuvenis
Authors: Viero Kolinski Machado Mendonça Felipe , De Souza Lima da Silva Jussara
Published: June 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é perceber como determinados filmes voltados ao público infantil e infantojuvenil representam a figura da bruxa/mulher. Para isso, empreendemos uma análise crítica cultural da mídia, tendo como base referenciais dos estudos de gênero/estudos feministas. Com Convenção das Bruxas, Abracadabra, Da magia à sedução e Harry Potter e a Pedra Filosofal, percebemos múltiplas representações. Por entre a figura que incorpora o mal, a que não segue determinada performance e merece ser punida, aquela que percebe a relevância da sororidade e aquela que encarna o gênero de um modo desejável temos, para além do enredo fantástico, uma discussão política sobre modos de ser/de não ser mulher.
Simulation of scenarios for overcoming absolute monetary poverty in Russia based on the concept of unconditional basic income
Authors: Bobkov Vyacheslav , Antipov Valeriy , Kolmakov Igor , Chernykh Ekaterina
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to modeling the possibilities of overcoming absolute monetary poverty in Russia based on the concept of an unconditional basic income (UBI). It is shown that due to the unclear consequences of the impact of the introduction of UBI payments on various aspects of the life of modern societies, due to the impossibility of making payments in full compliance with the basic principles of UBI, such as universality and unconditionality due to political, economic and other restrictions, imitation is widely used in the world to evaluate its possible effects. A review of approaches to simulation modeling in the EU countries, international research, and financial organizations (OECD, World Bank, International Monetary Fund) and the Russian experience in modeling the effects of the introduction of transitional forms of UBI is carried out. The formulation of the task of introducing the UBI to overcome absolute monetary poverty has been carried out. It is shown that to solve this problem, it is expedient to consider the UBI as a guaranteed minimum per capita income of a poor household, equal to the regional subsistence minimum or the conditional basic income for overcoming poverty. To increase the actual incomes of low-income households up to the regional subsistence minimum, it is proposed to pay them, after providing standard targeted social support, the additional differentiated regional social payment (poverty benefit). Algorithms for determining this payment have been developed. The substantiation of the possibility and feasibility of modeling the effects of poverty benefit according to the domestic model of the tempo-deflator type has been carried out. The results of predictive calculations for this model are presented. It is shown that the additional revenues of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation not only compensate for the initial costs of implementing the conditional UBI program but also annually exceed the initial costs by about 1,35 times. The country's leadership was proposed to combine the current system of targeted social support for the poor with payments of the conditional UBI to more consistently solve the problem of absolute monetary poverty
The Implementation of Good Governance In The Presidential Election In Indonesia
Authors: Sabrina Dian Fitri , Ristawati Rosa
Published: June 2021

The 2019 presidential and vice presidential elections in Indonesia had complicated issues, including broken ballots, multiple voter lists, not registered as permanent voters, political money, transparency, administrative violations, electoral penalties, and high white numbers. These problems indicate that the values contained in the concept of good governance are not implemented in the election process. To analyze the issues, this paper uses normative method. The method is by analyzing the Laws. Especially when related to aspects of law enforcement in the principles of administrative law in good governance. This method will be formulated for implementing good governance in the election process. The results of the analysis have who that the electoral justice is very important to be achieved in the presidential election in Indonesia. the presidential  system is in order to strengthen the presidential election. However, the presidential election as one of the recruitment in the Presidential in Indonesia system in election is against justice because do not use a good governance in election process. It is not supporting the electoral justice. Results of previous elections in Indonesia, it was found that the values of good governance have not been well implemented in all stages of the election, both in the pre-election stage, the election process until post-election. Especially when related to aspects of law principle in election. this research will be formulated with good governance system for implemented in election process. The paper will be socialized and implemented in the holding of presidential system election in Indonesia.
Criminal Law Aspect of Illegal Transshipment Under Act Number 45 of 2009 Concerning Fisheries
Authors: Herman Herman , Haris Oheo K , Syahbudin Syahbudin
Published: June 2021

This study aims to analyze the practice of illegal transshipment in compliance with Act Number 45 of 2009 criminal provisions law concerning Fisheries, using legal concept, law, and case approaches. Nowadays, there are various operational modes of fish theft, with poor regulations that maximally accommodate crimes related to fisheries by perpetrators. Therefore, due to its unsustainability and economic loss, the fisheries and marine sector in Indonesia has to improve its performance. The results show that illegal transshipment engages some elements contained in Article 94 and 94A of Act Number 45 of 2009 which was an amendment of Act Number 31 of 2004. According to article 94, when a fishing vessel is caught transferring  shipment in the middle of a high sea without in possession of a license called SIKPI, its owner/s are sentenced to 5-years imprisonment with a IDR 1,500,000,000 fine. Meanwhile, according to Article 94A, when a fishing vessel is caught using fake licenses such as SIUP, SIPI, and SIKPI, its owners are sentenced to 7 years imprisonment with a fine of IDR 3,000,000,000.00).
The Intersection of COVID-19 and Mental Health: What's the Matter with Ethics?
Authors: Idris Siti Hafsyah , Raduan Nor Jannah Nasution , Hashim Nurul Azreen , Jauhari Nadiah Thanthawi , Subbian Roslinda Mohd
Published: June 2021

As the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic rapidly sweeps across the world, despite the measure taken to contain the spread of the disease through quarantine, it induces a considerable degree of fear, worry and concern in the population at large. Health care providers, older people and people with underlying health conditions are the most vulnerable to the pandemic. Nations, even countries with advanced medical sciences and resources, have underestimated the perils of the pandemic. Efforts are focused on understanding the epidemiology, clinical features, transmission patterns, and management of COVID-19 disease. One aspect overlooked is the mental health crisis underpinning the effects of self-isolation/ quarantine and the deaths of loved ones—the number of positive cases in Malaysia at an exponential growth rate each day. With strict preventive measures and restrictions by the Malaysian Government in the form of nationwide Movement Control Order (also known as MCO), the citizens are going through a range of psychological and emotional reactions and fear and uncertainty of being one of the infected. Many studies have been conducted to identify the state of mental health of people during this calamity. This raises ethical concerns and legal issues with regards to the rights of individuals enduring mental illness. This paper explores the ethical issues about the research on mental health during Covid-19 pandemics and the regulatory mechanisms which protect the rights of the persons who have the symptoms of mental illness.
UTILIZATION OF TOFU LIQUID WASTE INTO BIOGAS: REVIEW
Authors: Shitophyta Lukhi Mulia , Kaisupy Sarifa , Sari Indah Puspita
Published: June 2021

Tofu production produces by-products in the form of liquid waste and solid waste. Tofu liquid waste which contains organic compounds has not been able to be managed properly. Industry owners only disposed of wastes into the environment. It causes water pollution and unpleasant odors around the tofu industry. One of the solutions to reduce environmental pollution is to utilize tofu liquid waste as alternative energy, namely biogas. The management of tofu liquid waste into biogas for the household scale tofu industry can use a fixed bed reactor, batch scale anaerobic reactor, and anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) up-flow reactor. The UASB reactor is the best reactor for processing tofu liquid waste into biogas on a household scale. The volume of biogas produced by the UASB reactor was 11.115 liters, while the volume of biogas produced by the fixed bed reactor and batch scale anaerobic digester reactor was 3.5 liters and 1.525 liters, respectively.
KONSTRUKSI PEMBINGKAIAN VISUAL EDHY PRABOWO DALAM KASUS KORUPSI BENUR PADA ILUSTRASI SAMPUL MAJALAH DAN KORAN TEMPO
Authors: Muhammad Ben Isa , Wahid Umaimah
Published: June 2021

Tempo publications between 23-30 November 2020, raised the issue of corruption in the export of lobster seeds (Bahasa: Benur). Tempo tried to present the figure of  Edhy Prabowo on several covers by using a variety of intriguing visual illustrations, surreal depiction and signs. There is an effort to frame the figure of Edhy Prabowo in the case of fry export, visually as well as textually in the article contents . This study uses a qualitative approach with framing analysis method. The Gamson-Modigliani framing analysis model is used to analyze the main cover line texts contained in the cover illustration. To analyze Visual Framing, Rodriguez-Dimitrova's 4 levels of visual framing model was used. Of the 4 covers studied, Tempo seems to be trying to present its main subject in a denotative way, by using Edhy Prabowo's caricature and fry visuals appeared as the image focus. Abstract subjects such as 'export' are presented connotatively through symbols. Edhy Prabowo's visual framing process using illustrations on the cover of Tempo media looks like a visual story highlights, depicting one chapter after another. First act, Edhy Prabowo as an intellectual actor who has power in the fry export game. Second act, Edhy Prabowo fell into his own toy. Third act, flashback of the scheming of new rules for fry export. The fourth act, disclosure of the characters behind the scenes.
POLA KOMUNIKASI MASYARAKAT DALAM MENUMBUHKAN KERUKUNAN DI BARUS (STUDI TERHADAP PENGANUT ISLAM, KRISTEN, DAN PARMALIM)
Authors: Khatibah Khatibah , Irwansyah Irwansyah , Ritonga Hasnun Jauhari
Published: June 2021

There are several conditions of concern about Barus, namely that Barus is the Islamic Zero Point of the Archipelago, there is also the oldest church the 7th century, Nommensen also came with his mission, in Barus is also the oldest port of stop by world-class traders, in addition to In this area there is also a local religion developing there, namely Parmalim. Despite the variety, harmony is maintained. With this diversity and harmony, it is important to know how the religious communication patterns in the Barus area are. The data were obtained by conducting interviews with parties, then carrying out focused discussions (FGD), and certain matters through observation and document study, as well as tracing historical sites. In addition to the Barus area, the research areas are also in Barus District, North Barus District, Andam Dewi District and Manduamas District. The three sub-districts were formerly part of the Barus Residency area. The approach taken is scientific integration to integrate communication with the sociology of religion in order to find the theory of harmony communication. The results showed that the communication patterns built from the formation of Islamic-Christian communication patterns through visiting and inviting. Christian-Parmalim communication patterns are formed with culture and education. Parmalim-Islam communication pattern occurs with the pattern of doing together and sharing. However, there are no significant interpersonal communication patterns found, so that the theory of harmony communication is not described in detail as expected.
ANALISIS STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN CITRA EKOWISATA RIAM KANAN DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Siswanto Siswanto , Ramadhani Muhammad Muthahhari
Published: June 2021

The potency of the water tourism object in Riam Kanan reservoir is not well known by both domestic and foreign tourists because the communication strategy program has not been maximized by the local government. An important factor in raising the image of ecotourism is the communication strategy policy in order to promote it to a wide audience. Communication strategy is a combination of communication planning and communication management to achieve a goal. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with the type of case study research. Data collection techniques that researchers use are field research and literature study. The results showed that the communication strategy carried out by the Department of Tourism and Culture of Banjar Regency in enhancing the ecotourism image of the Riam Kanan reservoir has followed the procedure as in communication theories, namely establishing communicators. setting targets, compiling communication messages and, selecting media and channels communication. The media used include outdoor media, small format media, print media, electronic media, internet and social media as well as other public communication channels.
Similarities and Contrasts in Stationary Striations of Surface Tracers in Pacific Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems
Authors: Belmadani Ali , Auger Pierre-Amaël , Gomez Katherine , Maximenko Nikolai , Cravatte Sophie
Published: June 2021

Eastern boundary upwelling systems feature strong zonal gradients of physical and biological ocean properties between cool, productive coastal oceans and warm, oligotrophic subtropical gyres. Zonal currents and jets (striations) are therefore likely to contribute to the transport of water properties between coastal and open oceanic regions. Multi-sensor satellite data are used to characterize the signatures of striations in sea surface temperature (SST), salinity (SSS), and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in subtropical eastern North/South Pacific (ENP/ESP) upwelling systems. In the ENP, tracers exhibit striated patterns extending up to ~2500 km offshore. Striations in SST and SSS are highly correlated with quasi-zonal jets, suggesting that these jets contribute to SST/SSS mesoscale patterns via zonal advection. Chl-a striations are collocated with sea surface height (SSH) bands, a possible result of mesoscale eddy trains trapping nutrients and forming striated signals. In the ESP, striations are only found in SST and coincide with SSH bands, consistently with quasi-zonal jets located outside major zonal tracer gradients. An interplay between large-scale SST/SSS advection by the quasi-zonal jets, mesoscale SST/SSS advection by the large-scale meridional flow and eddy advection may explain the persistent ENP hydrographic striations. These results underline the importance of quasi-zonal jets for surface tracer structuring at the mesoscale.
Mucormycosis: Botanical Insights Into The Major Causative Agents
Authors: Anjum Naser A.
Published: June 2021

Mucormycosis (previously called zygomycosis or phycomycosis), an aggressive, life-threatening infection is further aggravating the human health-impact of the devastating COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, a great deal of mostly misleading discussion is focused also on the aggravation of the COVID-19 accrued impacts due to the white and yellow fungal diseases. In addition to the knowledge of important risk factors, modes of spread, pathogenesis and host defences, a critical discussion on the botanical insights into the main causative agents of mucormycosis in the current context is very imperative. Given above, in this paper: (i) general background of the mucormycosis and COVID-19 is briefly presented; (ii) overview of fungi is presented, the major beneficial and harmful fungi are highlighted; and also the major ways of fungal infections such as mycosis, mycotoxicosis, and mycetismus are enlightened; (iii) the major causative agents of mucormycosis are critically discussed; (iv) the systematic position, occurrence, structure, and the major modes of reproduction are summarized for Rhizopus sp. and Mucor sp., the major causative agents of mucormycosis; (v) the other causative agents of mucormycosis includes Cunninghamella bertholletiae, Apophysomyces elegans, Lichtheimia (Absidia), Saksenaea, and Rhizomucor pusillus are briefly introduced; (vi) facts related with the infection-misnomers based on fungi colour are also highlighted; and lastly, (vii) the major take-home message and clues for future research on the subject are listed.