bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyperglycemia: A Predictor of Death in Severe Head Injury Patients
Authors: Kafaki Simin Babaie , Alaedini Kamaledin , Qorbani Ashkan , Asadian Leila , Haddadi Kaveh
Published: September 2016

Objectives

Management of hyperglycemia during an acute sickness in adults is accompanied by improved outcomes. We have designed a prospective study with meticulous attention to exclude all diabetes patients by checking hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c or glycated hemoglobin) to avoid the ill-effects of hyperglycemia in patients with traumatic head injury admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

This prospective study included adults with traumatic primary brain injury with a Glasgow coma score of ≥8 necessitating mechanical ventilation treated in the period 2012–2015. After screening 311 patients, 220 were included in the study. Both blood glucose and HbA1c levels of all the patients at admission, as well as blood glucose level after 72 hours, were obtained from the records. The patients were later grouped based on their admission blood glucose levels (<200 mg/dL or ≤200 mg/dL). Injury severity score (ISS) was documented for every patient. As a final point, the outcomes were determined based on the hospital length of stay (HLS) and ICU length of stay (ILS), plusmortality rates.

Results

About 39% ( n = 85) of patients were admitted with hyperglycemia during the study period. The mortality rate in patients with glucose ≤200 mg/dL was 65.8% ( N = 56), against 23.7% ( N = 32) in the group with glucose <200 mg/dL, with mortality rising as the blood glucose level increased ( P = 0.014).

Conclusions

We conclude that admission hyperglycemia is related with increased mortality rate in head injury patients, and comprehensive treatment of hyperglycemia can improve the outcome of severe head injury patients.
A Review of Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment Modalities for Long Head of Bicep Tendinopathy
Authors: Lewis Robert B. , Reyes Bryan A. , Khazzam Michael S.
Published: September 2016

This article reviews the assessment and management of the pathology of the long head of the biceps tendon, a disease commonly encountered by primary care physicians and orthopedic surgeons. We include a discussion of relevant anatomy, function, pathoanatomy, natural history of the disease, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. Recent literature on the function of the long head of the bicep (LHB) is reviewed. Literature on our evolving understanding of the pathoanatomy behind LHB tendinopathy is discussed. We also discuss the effectiveness of current diagnostic and treatment modalities.
La violencia machista a la luz de las interpretaciones de las noticias aparecidas en los informativos
Authors: Postigo Gómez Inmaculada , Vera Balanza Teresa , Cortés González Alfonso
Published: September 2016

Los medios de comunicación tienen un papel fundamental en la perpetuación de los roles sociales establecidos, así como en la configuración del escenario vital en el que interactuamos. En este trabajo estudiamos, a partir del tratamiento informativo sobre la violencia de género, cómo la ciudadanía interpreta estos mensajes, y qué construcción social se genera acerca de esta lacra que, lejos de disminuir, continúa creciendo a pesar de las acciones que desde distintas instituciones y organizaciones se llevan poniendo en práctica.
Trends and variability of atmospheric PM2.5 and PM10−2.5 concentration in the Po Valley, Italy
Authors: Bigi Alessandro , Ghermandi Grazia
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The Po Valley is one of the largest European regions with remarkably high concentration level of atmospheric pollutants, both for particulate and gaseous compounds. In the last decade stringent regulations on air quality standards and on anthropogenic emissions have been set by the European Commission, including also for PM2.5 and its main components since 2008. These regulations lead to an overall improvement on air quality across Europe, including the Po valley and specifically PM10, as shown in a previous study by Bigi and Ghermandi (2014). In order to assess the trend and variability in PM2.5 in the Po valley and its role in the decrease in PM10, we analysed daily gravimetric equivalent concentration of PM2.5 and of PM10−2.5 at 44 and 15 sites respectively across the Po valley. For both PM sizes, the trend in deseasonalized monthly means, annual quantiles and in monthly frequency distribution has been estimated: these showed a significant decreasing trend at several sites for both size fractions and mostly occurring in winter. All series have been tested for a significant weekly periodicity (a proxy to estimate the impact of primary anthropogenic emissions), yielding positive results for summer PM2.5 and for summer and winter PM10−2.5. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed moderate variability in PM2.5 across the valley, with 2 to 3 main clusters, dividing the area in Western, Eastern and Southern/Apennines foothill sectors. The trend in atmospheric concentration was compared with the time series of local emissions, vehicular fleet details and fuel sales, suggesting that the decrease in PM2.5 and in PM10 originates from a drop both in primary and in precursors of Secondary Inorganic Aerosols emissions, largely ascribed to vehicular traffic. Potentially, the increase in biomass burning emissions in winter and the modest decrease in NH3 weaken an otherwise even larger drop in atmospheric concentrations.
Influence of fuel ethanol content on primary emissions and secondary
aerosol formation potential for a modern flex-fuel gasoline vehicle
Authors: Timonen Hilkka , Karjalainen Panu , Saukko Erkka , Saarikoski Sanna , Aakko-Saksa Päivi , Simonen Pauli , Murtonen Timo , Dal Maso Miikka , Kuuluvainen Heino , Ahlberg Erik , Svenningsson Birgitta , Pagels Joakim , Brune William H. , Keskinen Jorma , Worsnop Douglas R. , Hillamo Risto , Rönkkö Topi
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The effect of fuel ethanol content (10 %, 85 %, 100 %) on primary emissions and on subsequent secondary aerosol formation was investigated for a EURO5 flex-fuel gasoline vehicle. Emissions were characterized during the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) using a comprehensive setup of high time resolution instruments. Detailed chemical composition of exhaust particulate matter (PM) was studied using a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) and secondary aerosol formation using a potential aerosol mass (PAM) chamber. For the primary gaseous compounds, an increase in total hydrocarbon emissions and a decrease of aromatic BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) compounds was observed when the amount of ethanol in fuel increased. In regard to particles, largest primary particulate matter concentrations and potential to form secondary particles were measured for the E10 fuel (10 % ethanol). As the ethanol content of the fuel increased, a significant decrease in average primary particulate matter concentrations over the NEDC cycle was found, PM emissions being 0.45, 0.25 and 0.15 mg m−3 for E10, E85 and E100, respectively. Similarly, a clear decrease in secondary aerosol formation potential was observed with larger contribution of ethanol in fuel. Secondary to primary PM ratios were 13.4, and 1.5 for E10 and E85, respectively. For E100 a slight decrease in PM mass was observed after the PAM chamber, indicating that the PM produced by secondary aerosol formation was less than the PM lost via e.g. wall losses or degradation of POA in the chamber. For all fuel blends, the formed secondary aerosol consisted mostly of organic compounds. For E10 the contribution of organic compounds containing oxygen increased from 35 %, measured for primary organics, to 62 % after the PAM chamber. For E85 the contribution of organic compounds containing oxygen increased from 42 % (primary) to 57 % (after the PAM chamber), whereas for E100 the amount of oxidized organics remained the same (approximately 62 %) with the PAM chamber when compared to the primary emissions.
Airborne observations of far-infrared upwelling radiance in the
Arctic
Authors: Libois Quentin , Ivanescu Liviu , Blanchet Jean-Pierre , Schulz Hannes , Bozem Heiko , Leaitch W. Richard , Burkart Julia , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Herber Andreas B. , Aliabadi Amir A. , Girard Éric
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The first airborne measurements of the Far-InfraRed Radiometer (FIRR) were performed in April 2015 during the panarctic NETCARE campaign. Vertical profiles of spectral upwelling radiance in the range 8–50 μm were measured in clear and cloudy conditions from the surface up to 6 km. The clear-sky profiles highlight the strong dependence of radiative fluxes to the temperature inversion typical of the Arctic. Measurements acquired for total column water vapor from 1.5 to 10.5 mm also underline the sensitivity of the far-infrared greenhouse effect to specific humidity. The cloudy cases show that optically thin ice clouds increase the cooling rate of the atmosphere by a factor up to three, making them important pieces of the Arctic energy balance. One such cloud exhibited a very complex spatial structure, characterized by large horizontal heterogeneities at the kilometre-scale. This emphasizes the difficulty to obtain representative cloud observations with airborne measurements, but also points out how challenging it is to model polar clouds radiative effects. These radiance measurements were successfully compared to simulations, suggesting that state-of-the-art radiative transfer models are suited to study the cold and dry Arctic atmosphere. Although FIRR in situ performances compare well to its laboratory performances, complementary simulations show that upgrading the FIRR radiometric resolution would greatly increase its sensitivity to atmospheric and cloud properties. Improved instrument temperature stability in flight and expected technological progress should help meet this objective. The campaign overall highlights the potential for airborne far-infrared radiometry and constitutes a relevant reference for future similar studies dedicated to the Arctic, and for the development of spaceborne instruments.
AirCore-HR: A high resolution column sampling to enhance the vertical description of CH4 and CO2
Authors: Membrive Olivier , Crevoisier Cyril , Sweeney Colm , Danis François , Hertzog Albert , Engel Andreas , Bönisch Harald , Picon Laurence
Published: September 2016

Abstract. An original and innovative sampling system called AirCore was presented by NOAA in 2010 (Karion et al., 2010). It consists of a long (> 100 m) and narrow (< 1 cm) stainless steel tube that can retain a profile of atmospheric air. The captured air sample has then to be analyzed with a gas analyzer for trace mole fraction. In this study, we introduce a new AirCore aiming at improved resolution along the vertical with the objectives to: (i) better capture the vertical distribution of CO2 and CH4, (ii) provide a tool to compare AirCores and validate the estimated vertical resolution achieved by AirCores. This AirCore-HR (high resolution) consists of a 300 m tube, combining 200 m of 1/8 in. (3.175 mm) tube and a 100 m of 1/4 in. (6.35 mm) tube. This new configuration allows to achieve a vertical resolution of 300 m up to 15 km and better than 500 m up to 22 km (if analysis of the retained sample is performed within 3 hours). The AirCore-HR was flown for the first time during the annual StratoScience campaign from CNES in August 2014 from Timmins (Ontario, Canada). High-resolution vertical profiles of CO2 and CH4 up to 25 km were successfully retrieved. These profiles revealed well defined transport structures in the troposphere (also seen in CAMS-ECMWF high resolution forecasts of CO2 and CH4 profiles) and captured the decrease of CO2 and CH4 in the stratosphere. The multi-instruments gondola from the flight carried two other low-resolution AirCore-GUF that allowed to perform direct comparisons and study the underlying processing method used to convert the sample of air to greenhouse gases vertical profiles. In particular, degrading the AirCore-HR derived profiles to the low resolution of AirCore-GUF yields an excellent match between both sets of CH4 profiles, and shows a good consistency between vertical structures of CO2 and CH4. These results fully validate the theoretical vertical resolution achievable by AirCores. Finally, the uncertainties associated with the measurements are assessed, yielding an average uncertainty below 3 ppb for CH4 and 0.25 ppm for CO2 with the major source of uncertainty coming from the potential loss of air sample on the ground and the choice of the starting and ending point of the collected air sample inside the tube. In an ideal case where the sample would be fully retained, it would be possible to know precisely the pressure at which air was sampled last and thus to improve the overall uncertainty to about 0.1 ppm for CO2 and 2 ppb for CH4.
Assessment of recent advances in measurement techniques for atmospheric
carbon dioxide and methane observations
Authors: Zellweger Christoph , Emmenegger Lukas , Firdaus Mohd , Hatakka Juha , Heimann Martin , Kozlova Elena , Spain T. Gerard , Steinbacher Martin , van der Schoot Marcel V. , Buchmann Brigitte
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Until recently, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) measurements were made almost exclusively using nondispersive infrared (NDIR) absorption and gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC/FID) techniques, respectively. Recently, commercially available instruments based on spectroscopic techniques such as cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy have become more widely available and affordable. This resulted in a widespread use of these techniques at many measurement stations. This paper is focused on the comparison between a CRDS "travelling instrument" that has been used during performance audits within the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) programme of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) with instruments incorporating other, more traditional techniques for measuring CO2 and CH4 (NDIR and GC/FID). We demonstrate that CRDS instruments and likely other spectroscopic techniques are suitable for WMO/GAW stations and allow a smooth continuation of historic CO2 and CH4 time series. Moreover, the analysis of the audit results indicates that the spectroscopic techniques have a number of advantages over the traditional methods which will lead to the improved accuracy of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 measurements.
A semiempirical error estimation technique for PWV derived from atmospheric radiosonde data
Authors: Castro-Almazán Julio A. , Pérez-Jordán Gabriel , Muñoz-Tuñón Casiana
Published: September 2016

Abstract. A semiempirical method for estimating the error and optimum number of sampled levels in precipitable water vapour (PWV) determinations from atmospheric radiosoundings is proposed. Two terms have been considered: the uncertainties in the measurements and the sampling error. Also, the uncertainty has been separated in the variance and covariance components. The sampling and covariance components have been modelled from an empirical dataset of 205 high-vertical-resolution radiosounding profiles, equipped with Vaisala RS80 and RS92 sondes at four different locations: Güímar (GUI) in Tenerife, at sea level, and the astronomical observatory at Roque de los Muchachos (ORM, 2300 m a.s.l.) on La Palma (both on the Canary Islands, Spain), Lindenberg (LIN) in continental Germany, and Ny-Ålesund (NYA) in the Svalbard Islands, within the Arctic Circle. The balloons at the ORM were launched during intensive and unique site-testing runs carried out in 1990 and 1995, while the data for the other sites were obtained from radiosounding stations operating for a period of 1 year (2013–2014). The PWV values ranged between ∼  0.9 and ∼  41 mm. The method sub-samples the profile for error minimization. The result is the minimum error and the optimum number of levels. The results obtained in the four sites studied showed that the ORM is the driest of the four locations and the one with the fastest vertical decay of PWV. The exponential autocorrelation pressure lags ranged from 175 hPa (ORM) to 500 hPa (LIN). The results show a coherent behaviour with no biases as a function of the profile. The final error is roughly proportional to PWV whereas the optimum number of levels (N0) is the reverse. The value of N0 is less than 400 for 77 % of the profiles and the absolute errors are always <  0.6 mm. The median relative error is 2.0 ±  0.7 % and the 90th percentile P90 = 4.6 %. Therefore, whereas a radiosounding samples at least N0 uniform vertical levels, depending on the water vapour content and distribution of the atmosphere, the error in the PWV estimate is likely to stay below ≈  3 %, even for dry conditions.
Greenland during the last interglacial: the relative importance of insolation and oceanic changes
Authors: Pedersen Rasmus A. , Langen Peter L. , Vinther Bo M.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Insolation changes during the Eemian (the last interglacial period, 129 000–116 000 years before present) resulted in warmer than present conditions in the Arctic region. The NEEM ice core record suggests warming of 8 ± 4 K in northwestern Greenland based on stable water isotopes. Here we use general circulation model experiments to investigate the causes of the Eemian warming in Greenland. Simulations of the atmospheric response to combinations of Eemian insolation and preindustrial oceanic conditions and vice versa are used to disentangle the impacts of the insolation change and the related changes in sea surface temperatures and sea ice conditions. The changed oceanic conditions cause warming throughout the year, prolonging the impact of the summertime insolation increase. Consequently, the oceanic conditions cause an annual mean warming of 2 K at the NEEM site, whereas the insolation alone causes an insignificant change. Taking the precipitation changes into account, however, the insolation and oceanic changes cause more comparable increases in the precipitation-weighted temperature, implying that both contributions are important for the ice core record at the NEEM site. The simulated Eemian precipitation-weighted warming of 2.4 K at the NEEM site is low compared to the ice core reconstruction, partially due to missing feedbacks related to ice sheet changes and an extensive sea ice cover. Surface mass balance calculations with an energy balance model further indicate that the combination of temperature and precipitation anomalies leads to potential mass loss in the north and southwestern parts of the ice sheet. The oceanic conditions favor increased accumulation in the southeast, while the insolation appears to be the dominant cause of the expected ice sheet reduction. Consequently, the Eemian is not a suitable analogue for future ice sheet changes.
The University of Victoria Cloud Feedback Emulator (UVic-CFE):
cloud radiative feedbacks in an intermediate complexity model
Authors: Ullman David , Schmittner Andreas
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The dominant source of inter-model differences in comprehensive global climate models (GCMs) are cloud radiative effects on Earth's energy budget. Intermediate complexity models, while able to run more efficiently, often lack cloud feedbacks. Here, we describe and evaluate a method for applying GCM-derived shortwave and longwave cloud feedbacks from 4xCO2 and Last Glacial Maximum experiments to the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model. The method generally captures the spread in top-of-the-atmosphere radiative feedbacks between the original GCMs, which impacts the magnitude and spatial distribution of surface temperature changes and climate sensitivity. These results suggest that the method is suitable to incorporate multi-model cloud feedback uncertainties in ensemble simulations with a single intermediate complexity model.
Analytical and numerical study of the salinity intrusion in the Sebou river
estuary (Morocco) – effect of the “Super Blood Moon” (total lunar eclipse) of
2015
Authors: Haddout Soufiane , Igouzal Mohammed , Maslouhi Abdellatif
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The longitudinal variation of salinity and the maximum salinity intrusion length in an alluvial estuary are important environmental concerns for policy makers and managers since they influence water quality, water utilization and agricultural development in estuarine environments and the potential use of water resources in general. The supermoon total lunar eclipse is a rare event. According to NASA, they have only occurred 5 times in the 1900s – in 1910, 1928, 1946, 1964 and 1982. After the 28 September 2015 total lunar eclipse, a Super Blood Moon eclipse will not recur before 8 October 2033. In this paper, for the first time, the impact of the combination of a supermoon and a total lunar eclipse on the salinity intrusion along an estuary is studied. The 28 September 2015 supermoon total lunar eclipse is the focus of this study and the Sebou river estuary (Morocco) is used as an application area. The Sebou estuary is an area with high agricultural potential, is becoming one of the most important industrial zones in Morocco and it is experiencing a salt intrusion problem. Hydrodynamic equations for tidal wave propagation coupled with the Savenije theory and a numerical salinity transport model (HEC-RAS software "Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System") are applied to study the impact of the supermoon total lunar eclipse on the salinity intrusion. Intensive salinity measurements during this extreme event were recorded along the Sebou estuary. Measurements showed a modification of the shape of axial salinity profiles and a notable water elevation rise, compared with normal situations. The two optimization parameters (Van der Burgh's and dispersion coefficients) of the analytical model are estimated based on the Levenberg–Marquardt's algorithm (i.e., solving nonlinear least-squares problems). The salinity transport model was calibrated and validated using field data. The results show that the two models described very well the salt intrusion during the supermoon total lunar eclipse day. A good fit between computed salinity and measurements is obtained, as verified by statistical performance tests. These two models can give a rapid assessment of salinity distribution and consequently help to ensure the safety of the water supply, even during such infrequent astronomical phenomenon.
The impact of melt ponds on summertime microwave brightness temperatures and
sea-ice concentrations
Authors: Kern Stefan , Rösel Anja , Pedersen Leif Toudal , Ivanova Natalia , Saldo Roberto , Tonboe Rasmus Tage
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Sea-ice concentrations derived from satellite microwave brightness temperatures are less accurate during summer. In the Arctic Ocean the lack of accuracy is primarily caused by melt ponds, but also by changes in the properties of snow and the sea-ice surface itself. We investigate the sensitivity of eight sea-ice concentration retrieval algorithms to melt ponds by comparing sea-ice concentration with the melt-pond fraction. We derive gridded daily sea-ice concentrations from microwave brightness temperatures of summer 2009. We derive the daily fraction of melt ponds, open water between ice floes, and the ice-surface fraction from contemporary Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) reflectance data. We only use grid cells where the MODIS sea-ice concentration, which is the melt-pond fraction plus the ice-surface fraction, exceeds 90 %. For one group of algorithms, e.g., Bristol and Comiso bootstrap frequency mode (Bootstrap_f), sea-ice concentrations are linearly related to the MODIS melt-pond fraction quite clearly after June. For other algorithms, e.g., Near90GHz and Comiso bootstrap polarization mode (Bootstrap_p), this relationship is weaker and develops later in summer. We attribute the variation of the sensitivity to the melt-pond fraction across the algorithms to a different sensitivity of the brightness temperatures to snow-property variations. We find an underestimation of the sea-ice concentration by between 14 % (Bootstrap_f) and 26 % (Bootstrap_p) for 100 % sea ice with a melt-pond fraction of 40 %. The underestimation reduces to 0 % for a melt-pond fraction of 20 %. In presence of real open water between ice floes, the sea-ice concentration is overestimated by between 26 % (Bootstrap_f) and 14 % (Bootstrap_p) at 60 % sea-ice concentration and by 20 % across all algorithms at 80 % sea-ice concentration. None of the algorithms investigated performs best based on our investigation of data from summer 2009. We suggest that those algorithms which are more sensitive to melt ponds could be optimized more easily because the influence of unknown snow and sea-ice surface property variations is less pronounced.
Moderate mass loss of Kanchenjunga Glacier in the eastern Nepal
Himalaya since 1975 revealed by Hexagon KH-9 and ALOS satellite Imageries
Authors: Lamsal Damodar , Fujita Koji , Sakai Akiko
Published: September 2016

Abstract. This study presents the geodetic mass balance of Kanchenjunga Glacier, a heavily debris-covered glacier, in the easternmost Nepal Himalaya between 1975 and 2010 using high-resolution (5-m) digital elevation models (DEMs) generated from Hexagon KH-9 and ALOS PRISM stereo-images. Glacier velocities are also calculated using a feature tracking method with two ALOS ortho-images taken in 2010. The difference between the two DEMs shows the rate of elevation change of the glacier, considerable surface lowering across the debris-covered area, and slight thickening in the accumulation area between 1975 and 2010. The velocity throughout the debris-covered area is slow, which stands in contrast with the faster velocity in the lower accumulation area. The rates of elevation change positively correlate with the elevation along the debris-free part, while they negatively correlate with elevation over the debris-covered part, which may result from the distribution of debris thickness. The rate of elevation change also positively correlates with the glacier velocity, whereas no correlation is found with slope and gradient of flow speed. Significant surface lowering is observed at supraglacial ponds, though the ponds should have short life spans. The geodetic mass balance of Kanchenjunga Glacier for the period of 1975–2010 (–0.14 ± 0.12 m w.e. a–1) is considerably less negative than those estimated for Khumbu Glacier (–0.27 m w.e. a–1) in the neighbouring Khumbu region. Disparities in the density of supraglacial ponds and the area contributions of accumulation and debris-covered areas may be principal causes of the difference in geodetic mass balance between the two glaciers.
Anáfora con artículo definido y construcción del discurso: comparación entre español y chino
Authors: Cáo 曹羽菲 Yǔfēi
Published: September 2016

En el marco de la escala de accesibilidad (Givenness Hierarchy), este trabajo presenta el mecanismo en chino que lleva a cabo la misma función anafórica que desempeña el artículo definido en español y analiza desde una perspectiva contrastiva las aportaciones que contribuye la anáfora nominal a la construcción del discurso. Se llega a la conclusión de que a pesar de algunas diferencias en los comportamientos concretos, en ambas lenguas la anáfora favorece a la organización del discurso manteniendo la coherencia discursiva y diversificando las expresiones.
The Phenomenon of State Violence in the Student Community: The Views of Greek University Students
Authors: Danis Stefanos , Kyridis Argyris , Zagkos Christos , Tourtouras Christos
Published: September 2016

By its nature, the modern nation - state obtains the monopoly of the legitimate authority and the institutionalized violence. The relations of the authority with its citizens are determined by specific regulations and rules, which are supposed to reflect the “social contract”.  However, the use of state violence in modern societies is being increased during the periods of economic and political crisis. Thus, in Greece during the years of crisis the use of violence by the state mechanisms is an everyday phenomenon.  Our research analyzing the attitude of Greek university students towards state violence in Greece.  Regarding methodology, two methodological tools were used, meeting the requirements of the research: a questionnaire with closed questions, in order to quantitatively investigate the attitudes of students regarding various issues, with a 5/point scale Likert. Moreover, a quantitative content analysis was used, investigating a basically qualitative research material, which was derived from the responses to open-ended questions, concerning the perceptions of the university students towards the topic of state violence.
The Compostable Coffee Pod: Is PürPod100tm the Best Thing Since Sliced Bread? A Case Study on Club Coffee
Authors: Charlebois Sylvain , Uys Paul
Published: September 2016

With consumer consciousness growing in the area of sustainable food supply, food
distribution is looking for methods to embrace, adapt and improve its environmental
performance, while still remaining economically competitive. Until recent innovative
solutions were developed, coffee pods have been considered as an ecologically unsound
approach to single-serve beverages. Some have argued that reverse logistics (recycling) is a
better option than green supply chain management (composting). With a particular focus on
coffee pods a case study on Club Coffee, which focuses on green supply chain management,
is presented for the design of a capacitated distribution network for a two-layer supply chain
involved in the distribution of coffee pods in Canada. Our investigation shows that Club
Coffee’s relationship is not only critical to fostering the green supply chain ideology, but it is
also unique in the business. Findings are presented and limitations and future research are
proposed.
Eleições municipais de 2016 em Araucária
Authors: Ferrari Adriane Dos Santos Tavella
Published: September 2016

Araucária - PR
Eleições 2016 em Maringá: a “mudança” contínua continua
Authors: Valenciano Tiago
Published: September 2016

Maringá - PR
Paranavaí: eleições 2016 e grupos políticos em disputa
Authors: Silva Rafael Egidio Leal e , Valenciano Tiago
Published: September 2016

Paranavaí - PR
Eleições municipais em União da Vitória: disputas políticas e vínculos familiares
Authors: Goulart Monica Helena Harrich Silva
Published: September 2016

União da Vitória - PR
Famílias Políticas e Desempenho Eleitoral nas Eleições de 2014. Família como variável política nas eleições
Authors: Oliveira Ricardo Costa de
Published: September 2016

Famílias tradicionais nas eleições municipais de 2016
Famílias políticas tradicionais dominam as eleições à Prefeitura de Curitiba em 2016
Authors: Pereira Fernando Marcelino
Published: September 2016

Curitiba - PR
Sumário
Authors: Vanali Ana Crhistina
Published: September 2016

Sumário
Optimality in the “Grammars” of Ancient Translations
Authors: Hutton Jeremy M.
Published: September 2016

This paper proposes a new methodology for describing, explaining, and tracking the linguistic and non-linguistic shifts that occurred in the ancient biblical translations. It first surveys the approach to Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) taken by Gideon Toury, outlining pertinent theoretical points. Second, it summarizes the principles and methods of Optimality Theory (OT), arguing that this linguistic model may be harnessed in order to benefit the study of ancient translations. Third, this article applies the theory and methods developed here to a single sample verse, 2 Sam 11:1. Through this study, I demonstrate that the combined theoretical and methodological model provided by DTS and OT allows us to identify, describe, evaluate, and organize the norms constraining the translator of Tg. Jon. to Samuel—and, by extension, to the other ancient Versions. Finally, I argue that we may use OT's notational system to capture regularities and anomalies in ancient translations, outlining their respective “grammars.”
Organizational Culture and Performance Measures in Greek Telecommunication Industry
Authors: Kargas Antonios
Published: September 2016

The paper shall examine the relationship between organizational culture and performance measures and the relation of specific cultural types with performance indicators (such as profitability, growth and qualitative factors), in order to support managerial efforts to cultivate an inimitable operational strategy. Based on data from both, fixed and mobile operators in Greece and the use of ANOVA methodology, key findings have been revealed with reference to organizational culture and economic performance. A control-oriented tendency in telecommunication industry has been indicated as a whole, with cultural variations among fixed and mobile operators, along with significantly important differences on performance indicators.
The Impact of Board Size on Firm-Level Capital Investment Efficiency
Authors: Ji Amy E.
Published: September 2016

The study aims to examine whether and how board structure is associated with firm-level capital investment efficiency. Specifically, I investigate whether the size of a firm’s board is associated with the sensitivity of investments to the availability of internal funds. I hypothesize and find that board size is inversely related to investment-cash flow sensitivity. Larger boards seem to mitigate investment-cash flow sensitivity by reducing information asymmetry between managers and external capital providers. The study is important as it reveals that board structure influences the corporate investment policy, which is one of the most important firm economic decisions.
You Can Do Better than “Sell in May” It Is not Halloween, but It May Be Passover and Hanukah
Authors: Afik Zvika , Lahav Yaron , Sayar Efi , Yosef Rami
Published: September 2016

Sell in May, known also as the Halloween effect, continues to persist in many parts of the world and to puzzle researchers and practitioners. Prior research found that in a few certain countries this effect is not statistically significant or does not exist. This paper shows that although Halloween effect is not significant in Israel, it can be easily replaced by another profitable calendar strategy, holding the market index just for the months of April and December each year and investing the money in the risk-free asset for the rest of the year. This strategy may not persist in the future, however it is puzzling how it prevailed over 20 years since the inception of a prime Tel Aviv market index. We show that the superior performance of this strategy compared to its natural benchmarks is robust using risk-adjusted measures over multiple sub-periods in our sample.
Asset Price Volatility, Credit Rationing and Rational Lending Discrimination
Authors: Nickerson David
Published: September 2016

Observations of significant differences in access to credit, loan terms and the volume of lending between demographically distinct groups of borrowers are often interpreted as evidence of ethnic, racial or gender discrimination by lenders. The competitive structure of credit markets and the accuracy of measuring individual credit risk render extant models of lending discrimination based on assumptions of credit market inefficiencies, such as adverse selection, increasingly implausible. In stark contrast to existing models of demographic discrimination, we consider a representative credit market, described described for expositional clarity in the context of mortgage lending, in an economy having complete markets, common knowledge and arbitrage-free pricing. Market equilibria in this classical environment may exhibit discrimination even when borrowers, who are distinguished only by observable demographic traits, share an identical measure of individual credit risk. Relatively costlier loan terms, a higher frequency of loan denials, or a complete rationing of credit to a particular demographic class of borrowers may be a value-maximizing strategy when rational lenders share a common perception that one or more such traits are directly related to adverse features of the representative asset securing the loan to borrowers in this class. Omitted from standard statistical underwriting and regulatory review procedures, these features reduce the value of the collateral available to the lender in the event of future default. When loans are secured by such assets and both lenders and borrowers act strategically, discrimination on this basis will be a property of all market equilibria and can be consistent with a second-best efficient allocation of credit.
The Influence of Leadership Styles and Motivation of Employees Job Satisfaction
Authors: - Mustaqim
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this research is to know and test whether there is influence of the style of leadership to the job satisfaction of employees, whether there is influence the motivation of the employees’ job satisfaction and whether there is influence of the style of leadership and motivation of the job satisfaction of employees at PT. Garuda Milky Artha Surabaya.

This type of research used in this research is descriptive. This research uses random sampling for the sampling, and questionnaire used to retrieve the data from this study. Data analysis techniques of this study is to test the validity, reliability test, normality test, regression deviation, analysis of data using linear regression, and test hypotheses.

The results of this research are variable and variable leadership motivation apparently is affecting employee job satisfaction.
The Determinants of Banks’ Profitability under Basel Regulations: Evidence from Lebanon
Authors: Abdel Reda Iktimal , Rjoub Husam , Abu Alrub Ahmad
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this study is to shed some lights on the determinants of banks’ profitability operating in Lebanon. Through applying Panel “EGLS period SUR” technique, for the period spans from 2000 to 2015. We have used a set of micro factors that might affect the banks’ profitability such as; asset quality, liquidity, and capital adequacy, on a sample of twenty four banks operating in Lebanon. Net Interest Margin (NIM) has been used to measure the profitability. The results indicate that most positive powerful effects on NIM are Equity to Liability, and Interest rate on Deposits (on Average), and to a lower extent Loan Loss Reserve to Impairment Loans, the Impaired Loans to Equity, Liquid Assets to Total Deposits and Borrowings, whereas, Capital Funds to Liability, loan loss provision to net interest revenue, are the most significant but with a negative effect; and to lower extent Net charge Off to Average gross loans, Net loans to deposits and short term borrowing affect the NIM negatively. Our findings revealed that banks perform better when they maintain higher level of equity relative to their Liabilities, and then can achieve a higher level of profitability.
The Relationship between Accounting Education & Accounting Practice: With Reference to Academics and Practitioners of Accounting Profession in Sudan
Authors: Ismael Ahmed Yousif Adam , Babiker Musa Eisa Mohammed
Published: September 2016

The effectiveness of accounting profession depends widely on the best accounting education outputs. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between accounting education and accounting practice with particular reference to Academics and Practitioners of Accounting Profession in Sudan. The data has been collected through a well-structured questionnaire is designed and will be distributed to a randomly chosen sample of some practitioners of accounting and auditing profession in Sudan. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to generalize the results and conclude the findings. The results suggest that accounting practice is declined because of the accounting courses at Sudanese universities not compatible with labor market needs, also shows that role of the accounting profession in Society depends on the best coordination between accounting education, accounting research and labor market needs.
Dynamics of the Real Exchange Rate, Inflation, and Output Growth: The Case of Malawi
Authors: Yiheyis Zelealem , Cleeve Emmanuel
Published: September 2016

This paper investigates the temporal causality and dynamics of real exchange rate, inflation, and output growth in Malawi, controlling for monetary growth and foreign exchange accumulation. The relationships among these variables are examined using quarterly data and the bounds testing approach to cointegration analysis. A long run relationship among the variables is observed, with the real exchange rate as the dependent variable, which is found responsive, in the long run, to the growth rate of output but not to inflation. Analysis of short-run dynamics reveals that the real exchange rate was influenced by output growth and inflation. The Granger causality analysis in a multivariate setting points to causation running from the real exchange rate to inflation and from each of these to output growth. The lagged error correction term, where included, emerged significant, providing evidence for the presence of long-run causality running interactively through it from the other variables as a group to the real exchange rate. Taken together, the results indicate the relevance of domestic economic activity, monetary policy, and foreign exchange availability for the evolution of the real exchange rate, which, in turn, is observed to have played a role in influencing domestic inflation and output growth in Malawi.
Kaderstellend programma van eisen Wkkgz-geschilleninstanties
Authors: de Groot G.
Published: September 2016

Kaderstellend programma van eisen Wkkgz-geschilleninstanties

Organisaties van en voor zorgaanbieders, aansprakelijkheidsverzekeraars en consumenten-, cliënten- en patiëntenorganisaties hebben in overleg een breed gedragen kaderstellend programma van eisen ontwikkeld voor de inrichting van geschilleninstanties op basis van de Wet kwaliteit, klachten en geschillen in de zorg (Wkkgz). Deze bijdrage bevat de informatie uit het nieuwsbericht dat zij daarover op internet hebben gepubliceerd en het programma van eisen met de bijbehorende toelichting.
De nieuwe geschillenbeslechting in de zorg: (heel veel) superrechters gevraagd
Authors: Pans E.
Published: September 2016

De nieuwe geschillenbeslechting in de zorg: (heel veel) superrechters gevraagd

De Wkkgz betekent een ingrijpende hervorming van het klacht- en geschilrecht in de gezondheidszorg. Per 1 januari 2017 is die regeling van kracht. De auteur schetst enkele activiteiten die op dit moment achter de schermen bij de direct betrokken partijen plaatsvinden. Daarnaast signaleert zij acht knelpunten van de Wkkgz en licht deze toe vanuit de theorie en de praktijk.
Artikel 6:165 BW: ‘een als een doen te beschouwen gedraging’
Authors: Vorsselman H.
Published: September 2016

Artikel 6:165 BW: ‘een als een doen te beschouwen gedraging’

In deze uitspraak tussen twee voormalig echtgenoten staat een tweetal juridische thema’s centraal: de uitleg van het in artikel 6:165 BW opgenomen criterium ‘een als een doen te beschouwen gedraging’ en de vraag of de door een partij in een gerechtelijke procedure gemaakte kosten van rechtsbijstand die niet zijn vergoed door een eventuele proceskostenveroordeling (alsnog) kunnen worden verhaald in een aparte procedure waarin deze kosten worden gevorderd als schade als gevolg van een onrechtmatige daad. Dit in het licht van eerdere procedures tussen dezelfde partijen waarin reeds een oordeel is gegeven over de proceskostenveroordeling.
Holocen history of vegetation at “Uroczysko Mokradła” (SW Poland) – paleobotanical research
Authors: Tomaszewska Klara , Malkiewicz Małgorzata , Podlaska Magda
Published: September 2016

Two peat bogs were studied in the Bory Dolnośląskie, the forest complex in Lower Silesia (Poland). An Instorf drill was used to collect two peat profiles from the deepest places. The macroremains analysis showed that after the initiation of peat-forming processes phytocoenoses responsible for the deposition of transition sphagnum peat were developed at both locations. Later on, the development of both peat bogs differed. The smaller peat bog continued to develop, whereas the big bog was shifted to ombrotrophic water regime. Therefore, phytocoenoses accumulated 1.3 m of Sphagnum peat. The peat-forming process was initiated at different times in both sites. For the smaller peat bog, it took place during the Atlantic period, while in the case of the larger peat bog – several thousand years later. The first identified forest phytocoenoses in the Atlantic period are mesophilic multi-species deciduous forests. Dry coniferous forests and mixed birch-pine forests grew in dry habitats. Riparian forests occupied lower grounds. In the Subboreal period, the oak–hazel communities initially developed and mixed coniferous forests were partially replaced by light oak forests. The encroachment of spruce, fir, hornbeam, and beech resulted in the development of dry ground forests, including beech–fir woods. The importance of riparian forests increased, whereas in dry grounds pine and mixed coniferous forests continued to occur. In the Subatlantic period, the transformations in forest communities were associated with the spread of hornbeam, beech, and fir and thereby vast fertile habitats were colonized by dry ground communities and beech woods. Pine and mixed forests as well as riparian forests were of lesser importance. Pollen records from the last 500 years showed the clear presence of humans. It was evident from the presence of cereal and weed pollen and from the disturbances in the pollen records caused by peat extraction in the Middle Ages.
EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL E ROTINA: DOIS ELOS QUE DEVEM PERMANECER UNIDOS
Authors: Helena B Rodrigues Dulce , da Cunha Dutra Jorge
Published: September 2016

The objective of this articleis to analyseif the educatorschild education,research participants,use or have a daily routine in their practices in the classroom with small children. For this interviews were made with three teachers working in the area. In addition, we performed a literature search having a theoretical the following authors: Barbosa (2006a; 2006b; 2009); Brasil (1998; 2009); Freire (1998) and Ramos (2010). The results were found to meet the objective of the study, because according to the responses of the interviewsall teachers use the routine in their daily practice. Therefore, it is possible to affirm that the routine in children's education is of paramount importance for the success of the educational process.
Enigma: Aspects of Multimodal Inter-Semiotic Translation
Authors: Cross Judith Leah
Published: September 2016

Commercial and creative perspectives are critical when making movies. Deciding how to select and  combine elements of stories gleaned from books into multimodal texts results in films whose modes of image, words, sound and movement interact in ways that create new wholes and so, new stories, which are more than the sum of their individual parts. The Imitation Game (2014) claims to be based on a true story recorded in the seminal biography by Andrew Hodges, Alan Turing: The Enigma (1983). The movie, as does its primary source, endeavours to portray the crucial role of Enigma during World War Two, along with the tragic fate of a key individual, Alan Turing. The film, therefore, involves translation of at least two "true" stories, making the film a rich source of data for this paper that addresses aspects of multimodal inter-semiotic translations (MISTs). Carefully selected aspects of tales based on "true stories" are interpreted in films; however, not all interpretations possess the same degree of integrity in relation to their original source text. This paper assumes films, based on stories, are a form of MIST, whose integrity of translation needs to be assessed. The methodology employed uses a case-study approach and a "grid" framework with two key critical thinking (CT) standards: Accuracy and Significance, as well as a scale (from "low" to "high"). This paper offers a stretched and nuanced understanding of inter-semiotic translation by analysing how multimodal strategies are employed by communication interpretants.