bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impalement brain injury: report of five consecutive clinical cases
Authors: Koko Aliyu Muhammad , Lasseini Ali
Published: March 2020

Background

The management of impalement brain injury is very challenging, because of its complexity, risk of intracranial infection, neurological damage and functional impairment of the affected persons; in addition to the paucity of standardised treatments guidelines. The objective of this paper was to describe the clinical presentation and management outcome of patients admitted with impalement brain injuries in our centre.

Case presentation

Data of all patients with traumatic brain injury from January 2015 to November 2018 was collated from hospital medical record department and theatre operation register. Records of patients with impalement brain injury managed within the aforementioned period were extracted. We managed 5 cases (0.26%) of impalement cranio-cerebral injuries out of the total 1913 cases of traumatic brain injury managed over the study period. All the patients were males with a mean age of 28 years. Alteration in the level of consciousness and bleeding scalp wound with impaled object were the main presenting symptoms. Three of the patients were presented in coma. The injury resulted from different causes and variable objects implicated. The impaled objects identified included iron-rod, metallic part of Dane gun, multi-faceted spear, piece of stone and a piece of charred wood. Both the right and left sides of the cranium was equally affected with a case involving midline frontal area. Craniectomy around the impaled object was used to remove the objects, two patients had good recovery whilst three succumbed to the injuries, one died from disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and the two were from aspiration pneumonitis complicated by respiratory failure.

Conclusions

Impalement cranio-cerebral injury accounted for about 0.3% of all cases of traumatic brain injury in our environment. Variable impaled objects were found affecting a different part of the cranium and postoperative outcome depends largely on the preoperative neurological status.
Reporting health research translation and impact in the curriculum vitae: a survey
Authors: Boland L. , Brosseau L. , Caspar S. , Graham I. D. , Hutchinson A. M. , Kothari A. , McNamara K. , McInnes E. , Angel M. , Stacey D.
Published: March 2020

Background

Increasingly, health researchers must demonstrate the impact and real-life applications of their research. We investigated how health researchers with expertise in knowledge translation report research translation activities and impact on their curriculum vitae (CV).

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey of health researchers with expertise in knowledge translation as we anticipated best practices in CV reporting from this specialized group. Our survey asked participants about their reporting of research translation and impact activities on their CVs, intention to report, and barriers and facilitators to reporting such activities on their CVs. We calculated univariate descriptive statistics for all quantitative data. Linear regression models determined predictors of researchers’ intention to report research translation and impact activities on their CVs. We analyzed open-ended qualitative responses using content analysis.

Results

One hundred and fifty-three health researchers responded to the survey (response rate = 29%). Most respondents were Canadian, were female, and had a doctoral degree. Eighty-two percent indicated they reported at least one research translation and/or impact indicator on their CVs. Of those, health researchers commonly reported the following: advisory/regulatory committee membership related to research program (83%), research translation award(s) (61%), and academic performance assessments (59%). Researchers least commonly indicated the following: citation metric scores (31%), summaries of impact (21%), and requests to use research materials and/or products (19%). Fewer than half of the health researchers intended to report knowledge translation (43%) and impact (33%) on their CVs. Strong beliefs about capabilities and consequences of reporting research translation and/or impact were significant predictors of intention. Main barriers were as follows: CV templates do not include research translation and impact activities, participants perceived employers do not value research translation and impact activities, and lack of metrics to evaluate research translation and impact. Ninety-six percent were unaware of a CV template formatted to include research translation and/or impact reporting.

Conclusions

Knowledge translation and impact indicators on the CV are inconsistently reported by our sample of health researchers. Modifiable barriers should be addressed to support more consistent reporting of such activities, including providing a CV template that includes research translation and impact as well as clear metrics to quantify them.
Phase II Single-Arm Study of Preoperative Letrozole for Estrogen Receptor–Positive Postmenopausal Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: CALGB 40903 (Alliance)
Authors: Hwang E. Shelley , Hyslop Terry , Hendrix Laura H. , Duong Stephanie , Bedrosian Isabelle , Price Elissa , Caudle Abigail , Hieken Tina , Guenther Joseph , Hudis Clifford A. , Winer Eric , Lyss Alan P. , Dickson-Witmer Diana , Hoefer Richard , Ollila David W. , Hardman Timothy , Marks Jeffrey , Chen Yunn-Yi , Krings Gregor , Esserman Laura , Hylton Nola
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE

Primary endocrine therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) as a potential alternative to surgery has been understudied. This trial explored the feasibility of a short-term course of letrozole and sought to determine whether treatment results in measurable radiographic and biologic changes in estrogen receptor (ER)–positive DCIS.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A phase II single-arm multicenter cooperative-group trial was conducted in postmenopausal patients diagnosed with ER-positive DCIS without invasion. Patients were treated with letrozole 2.5 mg per day for 6 months before surgery. Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The primary end point was change in 6-month MRI enhancement volume compared with baseline.

RESULTS

Overall, 79 patients were enrolled and 70 completed 6 months of letrozole. Of these, 67 patients had MRI data available for each timepoint. Baseline MRI volumes ranged from 0.004 to 26.3 cm3. Median reductions from baseline MRI volume (1.4 cm3) were 0.6 cm3 (61.0%) at 3 months ( P < .001) and 0.8 cm3 (71.7%) at 6 months ( P < .001). Consistent reductions were seen in median baseline ER H-score (228; median reduction, 15.0; P = .005), progesterone receptor H-score (15; median reduction, 85.0; P < .001), and Ki67 score (12%; median reduction, 6.3%; P = .007). Of the 59 patients who underwent surgery per study protocol, persistent DCIS remained in 50 patients (85%), invasive cancer was detected in six patients (10%), and no residual DCIS or invasive cancer was seen in nine patients (15%).

CONCLUSIONS

In a cohort of postmenopausal women with ER-positive DCIS, preoperative letrozole resulted in significant imaging and biomarker changes. These findings support future trials of extended endocrine therapy as primary nonoperative treatment of some DCIS.
Breast Cancer Knowledge Assessment of Health Workers in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Pruitt Liese C.C. , Odedina Stella , Anetor Imaria , Mumuni Tolulope , Oduntan Helen , Ademola Adeyinka , Morhason-Bello Imran O. , Ogundiran Temidayo O. , Obajimi Millicent , Ojengbede Oladosu A. , Olopade Olufunmilayo I.
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and in low- to middle-income countries late-stage diagnosis contributes to significant mortality. Previous research at the University College Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria, on social factors contributing to late diagnosis revealed that many patients received inappropriate initial treatment.

METHODS

The level of breast cancer knowledge among health practitioners at various levels of the health system was assessed. We developed a tool tailored to local needs to assess knowledge of symptoms, risk factors, treatments, and cultural beliefs. The recruitment included doctors, nurses, and pharmacists in public hospitals, physicians and pharmacists in private practice, nurses and health care workers from primary health care centers, community birth attendants, and students in a health care field from state schools.

RESULTS

A total of 1,061 questionnaires were distributed, and 725 providers responded (68%). Seventy-eight percent were female, and > 90% were Yoruba, the dominant local ethnic group. The majority were Christian, and 18% were Muslim. Median knowledge score was 31 out of 56, and the differences in scores between health care worker types were statistically significant ( P < .001). Nearly 60% of the participants believed breast cancer is always deadly. More than 40% of participants believed that keeping money in the bra causes breast cancer, and approximately 10% believed that breast cancer is caused by a spiritual attack.

CONCLUSION

Our questionnaire revealed that, even at the tertiary care level, significant gaps in knowledge exist, and knowledge of breast cancer is unacceptably low at the level of community providers. In addition to efforts aimed at strengthening health systems, greater knowledge among community health care workers has the potential to reduce delays in diagnosis for Nigerian patients with breast cancer.
Effects of Testosterone Supplementation on Ghrelin and Appetite During and After Severe Energy Deficit in Healthy Men
Authors: Karl J Philip , Berryman Claire E , Harris Melissa N , Lieberman Harris R , Gadde Kishore M , Rood Jennifer C , Pasiakos Stefan M
Published: March 2020

Background

Severe energy deficits cause interrelated reductions in testosterone and fat free mass. Testosterone supplementation may mitigate those decrements, but could also reduce circulating concentrations of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin, thereby exacerbating energy deficit by suppressing appetite.

Objective

To determine whether testosterone supplementation during severe energy deficit influences fasting and postprandial ghrelin concentrations and appetite.

Design and methods

Secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind trial that determined the effects of testosterone supplementation on body composition changes during and following severe energy deficit in nonobese, eugonadal men. Phase 1 (PRE-ED): 14-day run-in; phase 2: 28 days, 55% energy deficit with 200 mg testosterone enanthate weekly (TEST; n = 24) or placebo (PLA; n = 26); phase 3: free-living until body mass recovered (end-of-study; EOS). Fasting and postprandial acyl ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin concentrations and appetite were secondary outcomes measured during the final week of each phase.

Results

Fasting acyl ghrelin concentrations, and postprandial acyl and des-acyl ghrelin concentrations increased in PLA during energy deficit then returned to PRE-ED values by EOS, but did not change in TEST (phase-by-group, P < 0.05). Correlations between changes in free testosterone and changes in fasting acyl ghrelin concentrations during energy deficit (ρ = -0.42, P = 0.003) and body mass recovery (ρ = -0.38; P = 0.01) were not mediated by changes in body mass or body composition. Transient increases in appetite during energy deficit were not affected by testosterone treatment.

Conclusions

Testosterone supplementation during short-term, severe energy deficit in healthy men prevents deficit-induced increases in circulating ghrelin without blunting concomitant increases in appetite.

Clinical Trials Registration

www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02734238 (registered 12 April 2016).
Tensile Strength
Authors: Wang Peggy
Published: March 2020

In studies of contemporary Chinese art, Lin Tianmiao’s work has been overwhelmingly discussed in terms of women’s crafts and maternal roles. Citing her use of embroidery and the female figure, these interpretations have led to broad and often simplified characterizations of her work as “women’s art.” In focusing exclusively on symbolic allusions to gender representation, these discussions overlook the possibility of more complex narratives arising from Lin’s artistic concerns. By starting from the formal, material, and spatial components of her work, this article reveals how Lin has enacted penetrating investigations into manifestations of resistance and tension between physical forms and objects. Replete with taut lines and trembling vibrations, her work scrutinizes the nature of her materials, their limitations, and relationships among different parts of an installation. By tracing such formal and spatial devices, this article reveals three central topics at the heart of Lin’s oeuvre: the insufficiency of language, the urgency of form, and latent visibility. The exploration of these abstract concepts helps us move away from overt symbolic readings of her materials. These topics help show how Lin uses her art as tactics of intervention for interrogating practices of classification in contemporary Chinese art. As such, this article does not discount commentary on identity or gender but, rather, allows for richer, interrelated frameworks for understanding both her work and how it has been historically treated.
A dot-stripe Turing model of joint patterning in the tetrapod limb
Authors: Scoones Jake Cornwall , Hiscock Tom W.
Published: March 2020

Iterative joints are a hallmark of the tetrapod limb, and their positioning is a key step during limb development. Although the molecular regulation of joint formation is well studied, it remains unclear what controls the location, number and orientation (i.e. the pattern) of joints within each digit. Here, we propose the dot-stripe mechanism for joint patterning, comprising two coupled Turing systems inspired by published gene expression patterns. Our model can explain normal joint morphology in wild-type limbs, hyperphalangy in cetacean flippers, mutant phenotypes with misoriented joints and suggests a reinterpretation of the polydactylous Ichthyosaur fins as a polygonal joint lattice. By formulating a generic dot-stripe model, describing joint patterns rather than molecular joint markers, we demonstrate that the insights from the model should apply regardless of the biological specifics of the underlying mechanism, thus providing a unifying framework to interrogate joint patterning in the tetrapod limb.
Internal architecture of the mandibular condyle of rabbits is related to dietary resistance during growth
Authors: Terhune Claire E. , Sylvester Adam D. , Scott Jeremiah E. , Ravosa Matthew J.
Published: March 2020

Although there is considerable evidence that bone responds to the loading environment in which it develops, few analyses have examined phenotypic plasticity or bone functional adaptation in the masticatory apparatus. Though prior work suggests that masticatory morphology is sensitive to differences in food mechanical properties during development, the importance of the timing/ duration of loading and variation in naturalistic diets is less clear. Here we examine micro- and macrostructural differences in the mandibular condyle in four groups of white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) raised for a year on diets that varied in mechanical properties and timing of the introduction of mechanically challenging foods, simulating seasonal variation in diet. We employ sliding semilandmarks to locate multiple volumes of interest deep to the mandibular condyle articular surface, and we compare bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness and spacing, and condylar size/shape among experimental groups. Results reveal a shared pattern of bony architecture across the articular surface of all treatment groups, while also demonstrating significant among-group differences. Rabbits raised on mechanically challenging diets have significantly increased bone volume fraction relative to controls fed a less challenging diet. The postweaning timing of the introduction of mechanically challenging foods also influences architectural properties suggesting that bone plasticity can extend well into adulthood and that bony responses to changes in loading may be rapid. These findings demonstrate that bony architecture of the mandibular condyle in rabbits responds to variation in mechanical loading during an organism's lifetime and has the potential to track dietary variation within and among species.
Distinct navigation behaviors in Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquito larvae
Authors: Lutz Eleanor K. , Ha Kim T. , Riffell Jeffrey A.
Published: March 2020

Mosquitoes spread deadly diseases that impact millions of people every year. Understanding mosquito physiology and behavior is vital for public health and disease prevention. However, many important questions remain unanswered in the field of mosquito neuroethology, particularly in our understanding of the larval stage. In this study, we investigate the innate exploration behavior of six different species of disease vector mosquito larvae. We show that these species exhibit strikingly different movement paths, corresponding to a wide range of exploration behaviors. We also investigate the response of each species to an appetitive food cue, aversive cue or neutral control. By contrast to the large differences in exploration behavior, all species appeared to gather near preferred cues through random aggregation rather than directed navigation and exhibited slower speeds once encountering food patches. Our results identify key behavioral differences among important disease vector species, and suggests that navigation and exploration among even closely related mosquito species may be much more distinct than previously thought.
Watt Balance
Authors: Κουρουτζίδου Ζωή , Θεολόγου Άγγελος , Mαδεμλής Βαγγέλης Μ , Θρήσκος Νίκος , Μέττας Ευγένιος , Χρονόπουλος Δημήτριος Χρονόπουλος
Published: March 2020

To 1960 στο συνέδριο Μέτρων και Σταθμών έγινε πρόταση όλες οι χώρες να χρησιμοποιούν το ίδιο σύστημα μονάδων και έτσι δημιουργήθηκε το Διεθνές Σύστημα Μονάδων S.I ( International System of Units). Το μέτρο (m) είναι μια από τις θεμελιώδεις μονάδες του S.I και αρχικά ορίστηκε ως η απόσταση στους 0ο C μεταξύ δύο χαραγών πάνω σε μια ράβδο από ιριδιούχο λευκόχρυσο, που φυλάσσεται στο Διεθνές Γραφείο Μέτρων και Σταθμών στο Παρίσι. Αντίγραφα αυτού του προτύπου στάλθηκαν σε διάφορες χώρες. Δυστυχώς όμως τα μεταλλικά πρότυπα αλλοιώνονται με την πάροδο του χρόνου με αποτέλεσμα το μήκος τους να υφίσταται μικρές μεταβολές , που είναι όμως σημαντικές για τις μετρήσεις της σύγχρονης επιστήμης. Έτσι το 1983 το μέτρο ορίστηκε ξανά ως η απόσταση που διανύει το φως στο κενό σε χρόνο . Με δεδομένο ότι η ταχύτητα του φωτός είναι ακριβώς 299.792.458 m/s και αποτελεί μια φυσική σταθερά και η μονάδα μήκους (m) έχει καθοριστεί πλήρως. Παρόμοιο πρόβλημα είχαμε και με τη μονάδα μάζας (kg). Το 2011 έγινε μια προσπάθεια να καθοριστεί το (kg) με τη βοήθεια της σταθεράς του Planck h = 6,6260693x10^(-34) J.s. Η μέθοδος που χρησιμοποιήθηκε για τον καθορισμό του χιλιόγραμμου ,ονομάζεται Watt Balance ή Kibble Balance προς τιμή του εφευρέτη της Bryan Kibble. Στην παρούσα εργασία έγινε μια προσπάθεια μέτρησης της μάζας με τις αρχές της μεθόδου Kibble Balance.
Η τροχιά μιας βολής: από το πείραμα στην εξίσωση
Authors: Γιαννακόπουλος Μιχαήλ-Ιάσων , Ζαϊμάκης Ορφέας-Νικόλαος , Ζουριδάκης Εμμανουήλ-Ευάγγελος , Περυσινάκη Ειρήνη
Published: March 2020

Πραγματοποιήσαμε πλάγιες βολές σε κεκλιμένο επίπεδο σταθερής κλίσης, στις οποίες η μπάλα ήταν βαμμένη με νωπό χρώμα ώστε να αποτυπώνει το ίχνος της τροχιάς της σε χαρτί μιλιμετρέ. Στις βολές μεταβάλλαμε ελεγχόμενα τη γωνία βολής και την αρχική ταχύτητα. Στόχος μας ήταν να χρησιμοποιήσουμε μεθόδους αλγεβρικής ανάλυσης (υποβοηθούμενες από το λογισμικό GeoGebra) ώστε να εντοπίσουμε μια ενιαία εξίσωση με παραμέτρους την αρχική ταχύτητα και τη γωνία βολής, η οποία να περιγράφει τις αποτυπωμένες καμπύλες και κατ’ επέκταση την πλάγια βολή σε κεκλιμένο επίπεδο. Η εξίσωση που εντοπίζουμε βρίσκεται σε πλήρη αναλογία με την εξίσωση πλάγιας βολής σε κατακόρυφο επίπεδο.
Μελέτη πάνω στο νόμο του Ohm
Authors: Μπαμπατσιάς Παναγιώτης , Θάνος Δημοσθένης
Published: March 2020

Στόχος της εργασίας είναι η εμβάθυνση στο νόμο του Ohm στα πλαίσια του ηλεκτροδυναμισμού. Περιλαμβάνονται η περιγραφή εργαστηριακών διατάξεων για την επαλήθευση του νόμου του Ohm (πειράματα, μετρήσεις, ανάλυση σφαλμάτων) καθώς και η περιγραφή εργαστηριακών διατάξεων εφαρμογής του (πειράματα, μετρήσεις, σφάλματα). Τέλος, καταλήγουμε σε συγκεκριμένα συμπεράσματα.
Embedding collective leadership to foster collaborative inter-professional working in the care of older people (ECLECTIC): Study protocol
Authors: Anjara Sabrina G. , Ní Shé Éidín , O'Shea Marie , O'Donoghue Gráinne , Donnelly Sarah , Brennan John , Whitty Hellen , Maloney Paul , Claffey Anne , Quinn Siobhan , McMahon Niamh , Bourke Noeleen , Lang Deirdre , Reilly Patrice , McGuigan Catherine , Cosgrave Sarah , Lawlor Louise , O'Shea Diarmuid , McAuliffe Eilish , O'Donnell Deirdre
Published: March 2020

Background: The National Integrated Care Programme for Older People (NICPOP), formerly NCPOP aims to support older people to live well in their homes by developing primary and secondary care services for older people, especially those with complex needs. The programme develops integrated intermediate care which traverses both hospital and community settings through multidisciplinary and interagency teams. This team-based approach to the integration of health services is a novel innovation in Irish health service delivery and will require, over time, a shift in cultures of care to allow for the development of competencies for inter-professional collaboration across the care continuum.

The ECLECTIC project will develop an implementation framework for achieving, maintaining and monitoring competencies for interprofessional collaboration among multi-disciplinary teams charged with delivering care for older people across the continuum from acute to community settings.

Design: The ECLECTIC research design has been developed in collaboration with the NICPOP. In phase one of the project, a co-design team will collaborate to define and shape competencies for interprofessional collaboration. Phase two will involve the delivery of a collective leadership intervention over a 10-month period with multidisciplinary professionals working with older people across two geographical regions (Mullingar/Midlands and Beaumont/Dublin North). Each group will comprise of members of two multidisciplinary teams charged with coordinating and delivering care to older people across the continuum of acute to community care. Observations of collaborative inter-professional working will take place before, during, and after intervention. In phase three of the study, analysis of the interview and observation data will be presented to the co-design team in order to develop an implementation framework for future teams.

Discussion: The co-design process will develop core competencies and performance indicators for collaborative interprofessional working. The resulting implementation framework will be implemented nationally as part of the NICPOP.
Service right
Authors: Chernyavskiy Aleksandr
Published: March 2020

The tutorial provides the scientific and theoretical basis of knowledge on civil service in institutions and organizations, information about the official duties and rights of individuals, firms, associations and other structures. The material is based on modern regulatory documents, both Russian and foreign and international human rights, public service system and aspects of its regulation and further reforms.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
For students of educational institutions of higher education studying in areas of training 40.03.01 "Jurisprudence" and 38.03.04 "State and municipal management", as well as occupations involving the study of constitutional, administrative and labour law. Can be useful for teachers, postgraduate students, civil servants, and also for anyone interested in the issues of regulation of the public service.
Scientific basis of environmental biotechnology practical
Authors: Ismailov Nariman
Published: March 2020

The monograph is devoted to modern biotechnology, which allows to solve urgent environmental problems in all areas of modern society. Described the current use of biotechnological methods for environmental protection. The common assessment of the environment, the analysis bioaccumulating capacity of the biosphere, presented information on bio-ecological potential of human society. Considers the issues of technological bio-energetics, obtaining biodegradable materials, different fields of organic waste, bioremediation of soils contaminated with petroleum products, pesticides, heavy metals, solid waste processing, utilization of oil sludge and drill cuttings, cleaning of soil and groundwater from contamination, the use of biotechnology in the oil industry and others Described the modern problems of organic agriculture and the progress in this area. Discussed microbiological, biochemical and technological fundamentals of these processes. The prospects of the use of biotechnology in integrated environmental protection. Discusses the modern view of ecological culture and ecological civilization in the framework of the problems under consideration.
Designed for teachers, students, engineers, ecologists, agricultural workers, civil servants, decision-makers, engaged in the manufacture engaged in the development of programs for socio-ecological sustainable development.
HR risks and their assessment
Authors: Mitrofanova Aleksandra , Zaharov Dmitriy , Ashurbekov Rafik
Published: March 2020

The textbook is devoted to actual problems of management of human risk in organisations for timely, adequate and flexible response to potential threats.
A brief theoretical overview of the main topics of the course "human resource risks and their assessment;" at the end of each Chapter are given control questions for self-preparation of students for intermediate and final knowledge control. At the end of the training manual the basic types of tasks and test questions on selected topics of the course.
May be of interest to students, postgraduates and specialists in the field of personnel management, labor Economics, management, etc.
Impact of end-of-life planning on surrogate decision-maker anxiety in the US
Authors: Aloiau April , Benton Melissa J , Mouchawar Alan , Segal Daniel L
Published: March 2020

At the end of life, hospice patients frequently rely on surrogate decision makers (SDMs) for healthcare decisions, which creates anxiety among SDMs. This project evaluated whether an educational intervention to create a plan of care for hospice patients would reduce anxiety among SDMs. Before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 2 weeks following the intervention SDM anxiety was measured with the Geriatric Anxiety Scale, State Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Anxiety Scale, and one question about decision-making anxiety. Twelve patients (80±14.7 years) and 18 SDMs (60±12.9 years) completed the intervention. Immediately after the intervention SDMs showed a significant decrease (P=0.003) in anxiety. When anxiety was measured 2 weeks post-intervention, anxiety had increased again, and was no longer significantly different from pre-intervention levels. This project demonstrated that an educational intervention in the hospice setting can be effective in creating a short-term decrease to SDM anxiety levels.
Development and Validation of Open Ended Based on Worksheet for Growing Higher Level Thinking Skills of Students
Authors: Abdurrahman Abdurrahman , Romli Sunaryo , Distrik I Wayan , Herlina Kartini , Umam Rofiqul , Ramadhani Rahmi , Sumarni Sri
Published: March 2020

This research aims to develop open ended-based worksheet in improving students' high-level thinking skills on static fluid materials. The method used in this research is Research and Development (R&D) with 3 steps namely, the initial stage, then the design and development of the product, and finally the product testing. The data analysis technique for product effectiveness is with the main field trials, namely (1) N-gain analysis, (2) paired t-test, (3) ANCOVA, and finally (4) effect size test. From the test results obtained information that conducted 10 students showed the results of the development worksheets obtained the average worth of development products by 90% this value is included in the very high category, while the student response of the average of 88% and also the readability response of 89% in the very high category. In the results of the n-gain analysis also show the value is0.70, that mean medium category. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that worksheets based on open ended can improve students' higher-order thinking skills. So, in further development we suggest that open ended-based on worksheet is not only applied to static fluid material, but also in other materials.
Rainbow trapping in a tapered photonic crystal waveguide and its application in wavelength demultiplexing effect
Authors: Neşeli Berkay , Bor Emre , Kurt Hamza , Turduev Mirbek
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we present the numerical and experimental demonstration of a wavelength demultiplexer (WDM) based on the photonic crystal (PC), in which the waveguide has a tapered width. Owing to the tapered waveguide, propagating light can be slowed down and be trapped by a local mode gap effect at certain distances from the entrance of the waveguide. The corresponding effect leads to the localization of four different wavelengths at different points inside the waveguide. The drop-channels are introduced at these specified locations to separate selected wavelengths. Here, we utilized an optimization algorithm to enhance the coupling efficiencies of the introduced drop-channels. The presented WDM PC separates the wavelengths of 22.29, 21.63, 20.80, and 19.87 mm (13.46, 13.87, 14.42, and 15.10 GHz, respectively) into different drop-channels with coupling efficiencies at around 80%. Experimental verifications of the numerically presented results are realized at the microwave frequency regime where the coupling efficiencies of each drop-channel are measured as around 75%. The designed WDM PC structure is all dielectric, compact, and efficient, and it exhibits low cross talk between drop-channels. Experimental measurements show a rainbow-trapping phenomenon and verify the simulation results of wavelength demultiplexing design with the margin of error between 0.8% and 1% frequency shifts in peak transmission values.
Object-based digital hologram segmentation and motion compensation
Authors: Birnbaum Tobias , Blinder David , Muhamad Raees K. , Schretter Colas , Symeonidou Athanasia , Schelkens Peter
Published: March 2020

Digital video holography faces two main problems: 1) computer-generation of holograms is computationally very costly, even more when dynamic content is considered; 2) the transmission of many high-resolution holograms requires large bandwidths. Motion compensation algorithms leverage temporal redundancies and can be used to address both issues by predicting future frames from preceding ones. Unfortunately, existing holographic motion compensation methods can only model uniform motions of entire 3D scenes. We address this limitation by proposing both a segmentation scheme for multi-object holograms based on Gabor masks and derive a Gabor mask-based multi-object motion compensation (GMMC) method for the compensation of independently moving objects within a single hologram. The utilized Gabor masks are defined in 4D space-frequency domain (also known as time-frequency domain or optical phase-space). GMMC can segment holograms containing an arbitrary number of mutually occluding objects by means of a coarse triangulation of the scene as side information. We demonstrate high segmentation quality (down to ≤ 0.01% normalized mean-squared error) with Gabor masks for scenes with spatial occlusions. The support of holographic motion compensation for arbitrary multi-object scenes can enable faster generation or improved video compression rates for dynamic digital holography.
Spectroscopic and laser properties of Er:LuSGG crystal for high-power ∼2.8 µm mid-infrared laser
Authors: Zhao Xuyao , Sun Dunlu , Luo Jianqiao , Zhang Huili , Quan Cong , Hu Lunzhen , Han Zhiyuan , Dong Kunpeng , Cheng Maojie , Yin Shaotang
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate a novel Er:LuSGG active gain medium emitting laser wavelength at 2795 nm for the first time. The Er:LuSGG crystal is grown successfully by the Czochralski method with high crystalline and optical quality. The spectra properties, including absorption and fluorescence emission cross-section are presented in contrast with similar Er-doped garnet crystals. The fluorescence lifetimes of the upper (4I11/2) and lower (4I13/2) laser levels are 1.75 and 4.64 ms, respectively. Under 973 nm laser diode pumping, a maximum output power of 789 mW in continuous-wave mode, corresponding to optical-to-optical efficiency of 20.2% and slope efficiency of 24.4%, is achieved with high laser beam quality. The results show that the Er:LuSGG is a promising MIR laser material operated at 2.8 µm.
‘The first black battalion’: Casting in Hamilton
Authors: Potter Anne
Published: March 2020

This article places the casting practices in Lin-Manuel Miranda’s Hamilton in a trajectory of casting practices utilized by Joseph Papp at the New York Shakespeare Festival, and highlights the difficulty of pinpointing which particular casting practice is utilized in Hamilton. It also places the Hamilton casting concept in conversation with August Wilson’s famous arguments about colour-blind casting, and considers how these conversations have changed. It considers the criticisms that have arisen in response to the casting of Hamilton. Finally, the article examines the City Center’s Encores! production of 1776 in 2016, which was produced to be ‘in the style of Hamilton’ but argues that the production of 1776 was not particularly successful at recreating the Hamilton-style casting. In the end, the article questions if there is such a thing as a successful production of 1776 with Hamilton-style casting.
PERUBAHAN KAWASAN KONSERVASI LAUT DALAM MITIGASI PERUBAHAN EKOLOGI LAUT
Authors: Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Published: March 2020

ROLES OF MARINE PROTECTED AREA IN THE MITIGATION OF MARINE ECOLOGICAL CHANGES. Global warming, overfishing, and coastal pollution are the main drivers of marine ecological changes in developing countries, such as Indonesia. Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) prioritizing the establishment of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is the local mitigation to reduce the effects of marine ecological changes. It has been acknowledged that MPAs play important roles in: (1) reducing the effects of global warming via uptaking and storing carbon into sediments, (2) protecting marine lives via providing suitable habitats and maintaining natural behaviors, (3) supporting coastal pollution via enhancing water and sediment quality. In order to gain maximum benefits, MPAs should meet four standard criteria: (1) representation, i.e. MPAs should cover all marine ecosystems (e.g. mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs), (2) replication, i.e. MPAs should be connected, and (4) self-sustaining total area, i.e. MPAs should be large enough to support ecological processes.
POTENSI BIVALVIA SEBAGAI BIOINDIKATOR PENCEMARAN LOGAM DI WILAYAH PESISIR
Authors: Purbonegoro Triyoni
Published: March 2020

POTENTIAL OF BIVALVE AS BIOINDICATOR OF METAL POLLUTION IN THE COASTAL AREA. Bioaccumulation database using various species of marine bivalves is useful to determine which species are suitable as bioindicators in pollution monitoring. In general, metal bioaccumulation in bivalve varies in every location and influenced by the biokinetics of each species depending on the environmental condition. Increasing accumulation of one metal will enhance the accumulation of other metal in bivalve tissue. This needs to be taken into account in interpreting metal concentrations in bivalve. Oysters and mussels have the potential as bio-indicators of metals, especially Cu and Zn, while scallops are more potential as bioindicators of Cd and Zn. Meanwhile, clams has the potential as a bioindicators of Zn. Change in shape (malformation) of bivalve shells due to heavy metal accumulation also observed. The rough structure, attachment of minerals to the shell, and thickening of the shell layer are some forms of changes in bivalve shell morphology.
RISK ANALYSIS AND PRIORITIZATION IN WATER SUPPLY NETWORK MAINTENANCE WORKS THROUGH THE FAILURE MODES AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY FMEA APPLICATION
Authors: Cavaignac Andre Luis de Oliveira , Uchoa Jhelison Gabriel Lima , Dos Santos Heyglon Fábio Oliveira
Published: March 2020

Goal: In this work, the application of FMEA (failure mode and effects analysis) in the execution of maintenance of water network in a medium size city in the state of Maranhão was approached. FMEA (failure mode and effects analysis) with occupational safety approach is applied in the execution of water supply network maintenance in a medium size city in the state of Maranhão. This work shows that FMEA is an effective tool for risk prioritization in work process. The FMEA application with use of index reference table can become faster than application without reference table - and thus spread the tool for risk analysis.

Design / Methodology / Approach: A photographic records was carried out in loco and the main risks to the workers were enumerated and based on the obtained data, a risk analysis was elaborated with the application of FMEA (Failure modes and effects analysis).

Results: The maintenance services teams of the supply system are subject to a high risk of accidents caused mainly by the working conditions precariousness. It was observed that the services of manual excavations and the lack of use of PPE (helmet, gloves, pants suitable for flooded environments and etc.) have high risk index (RPN) and that the mismanagement added to the unsafe behavior were the main factors to accident occurrence in this type of work.

Limitations of the investigation: The study studied the reality found in a medium-sized city with precarious working conditions. Further studies can compare the work reality of other teams in cities of different sizes, with better working conditions. Other limitation of this work is the impossibility of work situation improvement and posterior tool application – a study with this magnitude is non-trivial and needs future research.

Practical implications: The great achievement of this work is to demonstrate that FMEA - a tool that is widely used in maintenance management and product engineering - is able to identify and prioritize risks based on its preliminary risk index obtained - contributing to reduce the difficulty of index choices previously cited in literature and disseminate the FMEA utilization for employee safety and occupational health. Such a tool has a great capacity for quantitative description of the risks, showing that the FMEA is very useful in the work safety sector for the organization of correction plans.

Originality / Value: The difficulties of using the tool mentioned in the available literature were minimized with the use of the reference table, showing that the use of FMEA can become faster and thus spread the tool for risk analysis.
Parodie horacjańskie. Przekład siedmiu pieśni Macieja Kazimierza Sarbiewskiego
Authors: Ryczek Wojciech
Published: March 2020

The paper proposes the translations into Polish of the following Latin odes composed by Mathias Casimir Sarbiewski: I 19 Urit me patriae decor, II 14 Diva, ventorum pelagique praeses, II 18 Reginam tenerae dicite virgines, I 26 Aurei regina, Maria, caeli, III 2 Cum tu, Magdala, lividam, IV 7 Iessea quisquis reddere carmina, IV 31 Vides, ut altum fluminis otium. All of the texts included in this collection are strongly related to imitating of Horatian lyrical discourse (parodia Horatiana). A short introduction and the most significant references to Horace’s odes and notes have been provided.
Why Ovid? Postmodern Alternative Biographies of the Great Poet
Authors: Gawarecka Anna
Published: March 2020

Article analyses a literary portrait of Publius Ovidius Naso in the novels Naso the Poet (1969) by Jacek Bocheński, An Inexplicable Story or the Narrative of Questus Firmus Siculus by Josef Škvorecky (1998) and The Last World. A Novel with an Ovidian Repertory by Christoph Ransmayr (1988).
Climate change: challenges for public health systems
Authors: Hefele Peter
Published: March 2020

The effects of climate change can already be felt today. It greatly affects individual health and public health systems. Accordingly, it is important not only to reduce greenhouse gases, but also to prepare for the weather and climate change-related consequences, and adapt to them. National and global health institutions have only recently started to analyze and enhance climate resilience through public health policy.
Effects of mesenchymal stem cell and amnion membrane transfer on prevention of pericardial adhesions
Authors: Kabalci Mehmet , Sahin Mustafa , Pekcan Zeynep , Zengin Mehmet , Dogru Mehmet Tolga , Kısa Ucler
Published: March 2020

Background

To investigate and compare the antiadhesive/antifibrotic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and amnion membrane transfer (AMT) in a rat model.

Material and methods

Three experimental and sham groups were formed using 30 Wistar-Albino rats. AMT and MSC were applied to the related groups. The control group was not treated. After 12 weeks follow-up, intracardiac blood and cardiac-pericardiac tissue samples were taken. The severity of adhesions and fibrosis were scored macroscopically and microscopically with Hematoxylin/Eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1, PDGF, FGF, VEGF and Caspase-3 levels were measured with the ELISA method.

Results

Severe adhesions were observed in the AMT and control groups, but no adhesion was present in the MSC group. Pericardial thickness, increased vascularity, fibrosis, and collagen accumulation were similar between control and AMT groups, but were less in Sham and MSC groups. Between MSC and AMT groups, only Caspase-3 level was different, which is an apoptosis marker.

Conclusion

The positive effects of MSC on adhesion, which we achieved in our study, suggest that it may prevent adhesion. AMT did not provide a positive effect. The correlation of Caspase-3 with postoperative adhesion/fibrosis should be examined in more detail.
Commutative Properties of Head Direction Cells during Locomotion in 3D: Are All Routes Equal?
Authors: LaChance Patrick A. , Dumont Julie R. , Ozel Pelin , Marcroft Jennifer L. , Taube Jeffrey S.
Published: March 2020

Navigation often requires movement in three-dimensional (3D) space. Recent studies have postulated two different models for how head direction (HD) cells encode 3D space: the rotational plane hypothesis and the dual-axis model. To distinguish these models, we recorded HD cells in female rats while they traveled different routes along both horizontal and vertical surfaces from an elevated platform to the top of a cuboidal apparatus. We compared HD cell preferred firing directions (PFDs) in different planes and addressed the issue of whether HD cell firing is commutative—does the order of the animal's route affect the final outcome of the cell's PFD? Rats locomoted a direct or indirect route from the floor to the cube top via one, two, or three vertical walls. Whereas the rotational plane hypothesis accounted for PFD shifts when the animal traversed horizontal corners, the cell's PFD was better explained by the dual-axis model when the animal traversed vertical corners. Responses also followed the dual-axis model (1) under dark conditions, (2) for passive movement of the rat, (3) following apparatus rotation, (4) for movement around inside vertical corners, and (5) across a 45° outside vertical corner. The order in which the animal traversed the different planes did not affect the outcome of the cell's PFD, indicating that responses were commutative. HD cell peak firing rates were generally equivalent along each surface. These findings indicate that the animal's orientation with respect to gravity plays an important role in determining a cell's PFD, and that vestibular and proprioceptive cues drive these computations.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNavigating in a three-dimensional (3D) world is a complex task that requires one to maintain a proper sense of orientation relative to both local and global cues. Rodent head direction (HD) cells have been suggested to subserve this sense of orientation, but most HD cell studies have focused on navigation in 2D environments. We investigated the responses of HD cells as rats moved between multiple vertically and horizontally oriented planar surfaces, demonstrating that HD cells align their directional representations to both local (current plane of locomotion) and global (gravity) cues across several experimental conditions, including darkness and passive movement. These findings offer critical insights into the processing of 3D space in the mammalian brain.
Regulation of Nucleolar Dominance in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Warsinger-Pepe Natalie , Li Duojia , Yamashita Yukiko M
Published: March 2020

In eukaryotic genomes, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes exist as tandemly repeated clusters, forming ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci. Each rDNA locus typically contains hundreds of rRNA genes to meet the high demand of ribosome biogenesis. Nucleolar dominance is a phenomenon whereby individual rDNA loci are entirely silenced or transcribed, and is believed to be a mechanism to control rRNA dosage. Nucleolar dominance was originally noted to occur in interspecies hybrids, and has been shown to occur within a species (i.e., nonhybrid context). However, studying nucleolar dominance within a species has been challenging due to the highly homogenous sequence across rDNA loci. By utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms between X rDNA and Y rDNA loci in males, as well as sequence variations between two X rDNA loci in females, we conducted a thorough characterization of nucleolar dominance throughout development of Drosophila melanogaster. We demonstrate that nucleolar dominance is a developmentally regulated program that occurs in nonhybrid, wild-type D. melanogaster, where Y rDNA dominance is established during male embryogenesis, whereas females normally do not exhibit dominance between two X rDNA loci. By utilizing various chromosomal complements (e.g., X/Y, X/X, X/X/Y) and a chromosome rearrangement, we show that the short arm of the Y chromosome including the Y rDNA likely contains information that instructs the state of nucleolar dominance. Our study begins to reveal the mechanisms underlying the selection of rDNA loci for activation/silencing in nucleolar dominance in the context of nonhybrid D. melanogaster.