bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genealogía del laberinto: Bergamín, Zambrano y una metáfora anti-erudita
Authors: Saba Mariano
Published: July 2022

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo indagar en la recurrencia metafórica del laberinto, observable en la continuidad de una estrategia anti-erudita que vincula a José Bergamín con María Zambrano. Se apela de este modo a la metaforología de Hans Blumenberg, la cual resulta pertinente como encuadre metodológico para la reflexión sobre las transformaciones históricas de algunas imágenes en su utilización dentro del discurso filosófico. Dentro del campo intelectual español de mediados del siglo XX, el caso particular del laberinto da cohesión a una genealogía anti-erudita de procedencia unamuniana. Su uso metafórico por parte de autores como José Bergamín y María Zambrano no sólo exhibe la huella irracionalista, sino también ayuda a consolidar una nueva filosofía basada en los alcances simbólicos de lo literario y en su incidencia con relación a un nuevo tipo de historia más ligada al sujeto que a los libros.
Masculinidades híbridas en el glam rock de Måneskin
Authors: Meléndez Sara Arenillas
Published: July 2022

El grupo italiano de rock Måneskin obtuvo la victoria en Eurovisión en su edición de 2021. Desde entonces, su visibilidad y repercusión global han sido notables, entrando incluso en las listas del Billboard. Måneskin se enmarcan en el glam rock, conocido por su inautenticidad y su desafío a la heteronormatividad del rock a través de la androginia, el travestismo y el entendimiento del género como performance, aspectos que recoge del camp y de la masculinidad afeminada asociada con lo gay. En este artículo realizamos un breve acercamiento al discurso de género en Måneskin aplicando el concepto propuesto, entre otros, por Bridges y Pascoe de “masculinidad híbrida”. En un primer apartado veremos cómo, a pesar de la adopción del glam, Måneskin construye una propuesta centrada en las estrategias de autenticidad del rock, conectadas con la masculinidad y la homosocialidad. Después, examinamos la masculinidad híbrida en Måneskin a través de su cantante Damiano David y su bajista Victoria de Angelis, y el videoclip de I wanna be your slave. Así, la masculinidad híbrida en Måneskin muestra la flexibilidad y las negociaciones en que actualmente está inserta esta identidad de género.
Assessing Levels of Narrative Memory Over Time
Authors: Chronister Stephen G. , Tamplin Andrea K. , Radvansky Gabriel A.
Published: July 2022

Memory for text is represented at 3 levels: the surface form, textbase, and situation model. Although prior research has shown that these levels of representation can be differentially emphasized at the time of encoding, the influence of retrieval instructions on the use of these levels has not been tested. Moreover, there has been no assessment of how this influence might change over time. We assessed memory under both verbatim- and consistency-based instructions. For the verbatim instructions, people indicated whether probe sentences were actually read in the text. For consistency instructions, people responded based on whether probe sentences were consistent with what had been read earlier. A transitory influence view suggests that instructions at retrieval would guide the information used immediately, but not after a delay, when some levels of representation have faded. In contrast, a stable influence view suggests that retrieval instructions would guide the information used both immediately and after a delay. The results revealed that the verbatim instructions emphasized surface form and textbase measures, but consistency instructions emphasized situation model measures. This pattern shifted somewhat over a 1-week delay, with surface form memory becoming equivalent but the differences at the other 2 levels remaining.
Why Causation is Biconditional but not Proportional
Authors: Zhong Lei
Published: July 2022

In this article, I defend a biconditional counterfactual account of causation, which places equal emphasis on what I call “the presence condition” and “the absence condition,” whereas Lewis's classical counterfactual theory focuses only on the absence condition. I attempt to show that biconditionalism provides a promising treatment of supervenient causation, namely, causal cases involving the supervenience relationship. Although some philosophers confuse this account with the proportionality constraint on causation, I argue that biconditionalism is distinct from and superior to proportionalism in accommodating our reliable causal intuitions.
Per interposto manoscritto. Didascalie, postille e metapostille nell’avantesto delle Rime di Alfieri
Authors: Zanardo Monica
Published: July 2022

Il contributo si concentra sull’avantesto delle Rime di Vittorio Alfieri e analizza le didascalie, le note di carattere diaristico, e le metapostille (di contestualizzazione o di commento) per esplorare la funzione attribuita dall’autore ai suoi manoscritti di lavoro. Se la raccolta poetica alfieriana è stata solitamente considerata una sorta di diario intimo in cui l’autore ha operato una trasfigurazione letteraria di dati evenemenziali, mostreremo come Alfieri tenda ad usare i propri manoscritti per saldare il proprio autoritratto letterario all’io biografico.
Diplomasi Maritim Indonesia Dalam Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA)
Authors: Nisa Aprilia Chairun
Published: July 2022

By 2014, as a follow up the 1982 Djuanda Declaration, Indonesian President Joko Widodo initiated and promoted the idea of making Indonesia a World Maritime Axis. Indonesian leadership in IORA from 2015 to 2017 was a stepping stone and media effort to realise such a national interest, and various form of diplomacy have been carried out within and through this organisation.  The connectivity between pillars of this World Martitime Axis and priorities of IORA strategic issues became an advantage in promoting such a concept. This article examines Indonesia’s national interests and maritime diplomacy practices carried out through this major initiative.
 Keywords: national interests, maritime diplomacy, IORA, world maritime axis
Sinergitas Peran Pemerintah Desa dan Partisipasi Masyarakat Terhadap Perencanaan Pembangunan di Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang
Authors: Mustanir Ahmad , S Fitriani , Adri Khaeriyah , Nurnawati Andi Ayu , Goso Goso
Published: July 2022

This research examines the role of village government, community participation, and their influences on development planning in Timoreng Panua village, Panca Rijang subdistrict, Sidenreng Rappang District. This research employed descriptive quantitative method, and involved samples of 55 households out of population of 745 households. The samples were taken randomly by using Yount formula 10%. Data was collected through observation, questionnaires and documentation, and analysed through tabulation, frequency and linear regression analysis by using SPSS 21.0 for Windows. The results show that the percentage of the role of village government contributing to the Timoreng Panua village development planning reached 52,4% (considered as ‘sufficient involvement’), while the percentage of community participation to the development planning is 77% (considered as ‘enthusiastic’). Together, the joint roles of village government and community partipation contributed to village development planning with a figure of 78,4%, categorized as ‘playing a significant role’.
 Keywords: community participation, government role, development planning
Peran Media Sosial dalam Penentuan Pilihan pada Segmen Pemilih Pemula
Authors: Jumiati Jumiati
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine the role of social media for novice voter participation in elections. A descriptive literature study is applied with an analysis of previous journals as well as data collection on the same topic through social media, such as Facebook and Twitter. Study findings show that social media has become the main object of novice voters in getting information about elections. Novice voters who are mostly millennials have been introduced to the sophistication of the internet, and exposed by various data through sundry sources. The main information source for the millennial generation, however, is social media, which serves to express their freedom as well as allowing political participation in the digital era. With the imperative position of social media, it is plausible therefore for the government to use it for political socialization aiming at increasing political participation of the novice voters
Penggunaan Media Sosial Dalam Penyebaran Narasi Hak Asasi Manusia Di Indonesia
Authors: Misran Misran
Published: July 2022

This research looks into the kinds of social media used in human rights activism in Indonesia. To analyze social media data, Nvivo 12Plus as a qualitative data analysis software is used. The findings show that: 1) The  social media content and related discussions on citizen’s rights are dominated by human rights content; 2) activists’ social media accounts are connected, and the relationship is strong, which can be seen in 0,7 Lower limit; 3) narration in social media spreads using the acronym HAM (Hak Asasi Manusia [Human Rights]). To strengthen similar research in this area, social media data might be combined with digital data like the online newspapers. In addition, the comparison with another case and/or another country may give new novelty of the research.
Studi Pengawasan dan Pengusahaan Sarang Burung Walet Dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten Kutai Barat
Authors: Pasaribu Wilson , Dyastari E. Letizia , Resmawan Erwin , Linggi Rita Kala
Published: July 2022

This research describes and analyze supervision of Kutai Barat District Government toward swallow’s nest entrepreneurship with a purpose to increase district revenues. The type of the research is descriptive qualitative analysis, based on data collected through interviews, observation, and documentary study. It has been found that government’s supervision team has cooperated with Quarantine Service to deal with this kind of business, and tax payment through e-payment has been imposed and realized. Tax revenues are however not promising as supervision are not optimum, indicated by the fact that many swallow’s nest artificial houses are not built with legal permission, no sanctions have been imposed to the rule breakers, and many text payers of swallow’s nests businesses do not realize their tax obligation.
Government Strategy in Increasing Public Participation in Handling Covid-19 [Study
in Wongeduku District, Konawe Regency]
Authors: Sari Mistika Nirwana , Tadung Edy , Fadli Andi Muh. Dzul
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi pemerintah kecamatan
Wonggeduku dalam meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat terhadap penanganan covid-19. Teori
yang digunakan yaitu teori Alizar & Usman (2020) tentang level partisipasi
masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data
dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumen. Penentuan
informan dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling, yang berjumlah 10 informan. Hasil
penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa strategi pemerintah dalam meningkatkan partisipasi
masyarakat terhadap penanganan covid-19 masih belum maksimal sehingga mengakibatkan
kurangnya partisipasi masyarakat terhadap penanganan covid-19. Dilihat dari level inform
indikator informasi perkembangan penyebaran covid-19 pihak kecamatan belum memberikan
informasi yang memuaskan bagi masyarakat, pada indikator tingkat kesembuhan pemerintah
kecamatan telah melaksanakan tugasnya dengan baik, dan pada indikator edukasi yang
seharusnya dilakukan oleh pemerintah kecamatan ternyata berbanding terbalik dengan
kenyataan yang ada di lapangan. Hal ini didasari oleh tidak adanya edukasi yang
didapatkan oleh masyarakat mengenai bahaya penyebaran covid-19. Adapun pada level
consult yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah kecamatan Wonggeduku melalui indikator masyarakat
belum efektif dilakukan sehingga sebagian masyarakat menjadi acuh tak acuh dan
menganggap covid-19 tidak ada. Selanjutnya saran yang dapat digunakan yaitu perlu
memberikan informasi yang lebih sehingga masyarakat sadar akan bahaya dari virus
tersebut dan menerapkan kembali protokol kesehatan, perlunya metode edukasi yang
benar-benar dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah kecamatan dan bukan sekedar aturan yang tidak
dilaksanakan, serta perlu menggunakan strategi lain dari pemerintah kecamatan sehingga
koordinasi menjadi lebih akurat mengingat bertambah banyaknya kasus covid-19 sehingga
masyarakat lebih mengerti akan bahaya dari virus tersebut.
Hoax Ratna Serumpaet dan Perang Wacana di Media Sosial
Authors: Pora Sahrul , Pora Rasid , Muksin Dafrin
Published: July 2022

Media sosial merupakan fasilitas teknologi yang saat ini banyak digunakan oleh
masyarakat. Seperti diketahui, media sosial merupakan sarana yang paling sering
digunakan untuk menyebarkan berita bohong. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif
dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui studi Literatur dan pemberitaan di
beberapa website berita. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana
penyebaran Hoax Ratna Sarumpaet dan dampaknya secara sosial dan politik. Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebaran hoaks hoaks Ratna Sarumpaet tahun 2018 yang
disebarkan melalui media sosial, mengakibatkan kekacauan sosial dan politik. Saling
serang antara pendukung dan tim sukses kedua kelompok terus terjadi baik di media
sosial, online maupun media massa.
Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Rencana Kebijakan Penggunaan Jalan Tol Berbasis Konsep
Multiline Free Flow
Authors: Taufik Ahmad , Pratama Putra Muh. Amril
Published: July 2022

Jumlah penduduk memiliki hubungan erat dengan perkembangan transportasi dan jumlah
penggunaan jalan yang ditunjukkan dengan tingkat kemacetan karena kepadat kendaraan.
Upaya pemerintah melalui pembangunan jalan tol merupakan salah satu inovasi bentuk
kebijakan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Termasuk rencana pelayanan melalui Multi Line
Free Flow (MLFF) yaitu metode pembayaran tanpa berhenti, karena pada kendaraan
ditempelkan Sensor RDH. Tujuan penelitian adalah menjelaskan persepsi masyarakat
terhadap kebijakan Multi Line Free Flow (MLFF), dengan terlebih awal menggambarkan
karakter umum dari pengguna jalan toying akan mendukung atau memperlambat berjalannya
kebijakan ini. Metode peneltian adalah metode survey (Moleong, 2007) dengan pendekatan
kualitatif (Sugiono, 2009). Informan yang diwawancarai sebanyak 50 orang, melalui
penyebaran angket secara online. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa masih terdapat 30
persen pengguna jalan tol  tidak siap kartu dan kecukupan saldo saat memasuki tol dan 64
persen baru membeli dan mengisi ulang kartu saat memasuki gerbang tol. Terkait metode
pembayaran MLFF menunjukkan 74,5 persen pengguna jalan tol tidak mengetahui kebijakan
MLFF ,sumber informasi tentang MLFF diperoleh terbesar dari media 46,6 persen dan 38,4
persen baru mengetahui dari pengisian angket. Kesimpulan metode MLFF menurut responden
sangat bermanfaat (80%) dan memudahkan (94%). Adapun hambatan yang akan dihadapi adalah
ketidak disiplinan pengguna jalan tol (78%) dan gangguan jaringan pada sensor RHD (22%).
Harapan pengguna tol bahwa kebijakan MLFF masih perlu disosialisasi secara intensif
(66%), dukungan fasilitas jalan (6%) dan jaringan cepat dan baik (28%).
Determination of Heavy Metals in Henna Leaves and Cosmetic Henna Products Available in Zliten, Libya
Authors: Ajaj Ismail A. , Amhimmid Wafaa , Ismail Hala , Al-Arabi Tahani , Al-Oraibi Khawla
Published: July 2022

Henna is widely used by Libyan women as a cosmetic, which may contain lead (pb), cadmium (Cd) and other toxic heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to determine heavy metal content of seven henna products,  imported and locally produced in Zliten, Libya. An analytical method was performed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). In terms of heavy metal content determination, the results revealed a significant difference between henna leaves  and cosmetic henna samples. The premixed henna sample H2 had the highest heavy metal concentrations  with a high level of lead (6.952ppm), exceeding the WHO's maximum limit and the (ASEAN) Guidelines on Limits of Contaminants for Cosmetics Heavy metal maximum limits, Lead (Pb) is 1 ppm. Nickel (Ni) levels in (H4=5.201ppm) and (H6=2.023ppm ) henna samples were found to be above the WHO's limit of 1.68ppm. The results indicated that such cosmetics expose consumers to high levels of Pb and Cu, and hence to potential health risks. Thus, investigating the sources and effects of heavy metals in such cosmetics is strongly advised.
Diversity of pteridophytes in miniature sacred forests of Kanyakumari district, Southern Western Ghats
Authors: Sukumaran S. , Jeeva S. , Raj A.
Published: July 2022

Pteridophytes do not form dominant vegetation anywhere on the earth surface now, but have been replaced by the seed-bearing plants. Their occurrence in several small patches relays the message of richness. During the present study, 24 species of Pteridophytes were inventoried from Vilavancode, Kalkulam and Thovalai sacred groves of Kanyakumari district, Southern Western Ghats, India. Some of them are well known for their economic values. The species richness was more or less similar in the first two sacred groves, however, it was reduced to 6 in Thovalai. The terrestrial Pteridophytes were dominant over epiphytes. The lithophytic species were least in number. As a result of rapid urbanization and biotic interference these important plants are under threat and their population is being reduced, due to the ever-increasing human population. Some rare, endangered and endemic species are still present only in some pockets of this district and are conserved by indigenous people in the form of sacred groves.
Lindbergia Kindb. (Leskeaceae: Bryopsida) - A new genus new to Peninsular India
Authors: Nair Manju , Rajesh K. , Madhusoodanan P.
Published: July 2022

The genus Lindbergia Kindb. is reported here with the species L. koelzii R.S.Williams as new to Peninsular India.
Attainable forms of intermediate dimensions
Authors: Banaji Amlan , Rutar Alex
Published: July 2022

The intermediate dimensions are a family of dimensions which interpolate between the Hausdorff and box dimensions of sets. We prove a necessary and sufficient condition for a given function \(h(\theta)\) to be realized as the intermediate dimensions of a bounded subset of \(\mathbb{R}^d\). This condition is a straightforward constraint on the Dini derivatives of \(h(\theta)\), which we prove is sharp using a homogeneous Moran set construction.
Perspective on Children in Miyazawa Genji’s Fairy tales: Focus on Suisen zukino yokka
Authors:   Asia Cultural Creativity Inst., Park Jongjin
Published: July 2022

In this study, Perspective on Children in Miyazawa Kenji’s works was examined with a focus on the fairy tale Suisen zukino yokka.
In Miyazawa Kenji’s works, children appear in various shapes, and the younger they are, the closer they are to nature, and they are portrayed as beings who can communicate with nature and share emotions.
In Suisen zukino yokka, the ‘Snow Child’ belonging to the ‘world of heaven’ and the ‘world of death’ and the ‘Child’ belonging to the ‘human world’ must obey the world order to which they belong, respectively. It is portrayed as a pure and innocent being. They belong to different worlds and live in conformity with order, but through the mistletoe branches, ‘Snow Child’ and ‘Child’ are connected and interact in the realm of life and death.
Tatsuo Tsuzukihashi, who discussed the children’s view of Miyazawa Kenji’s fairy tale, said, “It was unnecessary for Genji to idealize and make ‘children’s hearts absolute. Because the ideal has already appeared in the Lotus Sutra, children (humans) can just look at it and move on.”
Rather, it can be said that the ‘child’ in the Miyazawa Kenji’s fairy tale is being ‘idealized and absolute’ in that it is portrayed as an absolutely ‘innocent’ and ‘powerless’ existence. The child is so helpless that he only wants to be saved. The clear and transparent cry of a child comes from Genji himself, and can it be said that the seeker Genji himself is.
Comparison of translations of Korean film titles in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan
Authors:   Asia Cultural Creativity Inst., Wang Xuan
Published: July 2022

Because the title of a movie is a summary of the content of the movie, it can show the theme and style of the movie that the movie is trying to show, and the movie title alone can attract the attention of the audience, it is necessary and valuable to study the title of the movie. Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong each have their own characteristics for translating Korean movie titles. In this paper, the top 50 box office by 2021 in these three regions.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the titles translated into Chinese for the titles of Korean films in , and to examine the similarities and differences in the translation methods and vocabulary used when translating Korean films in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. In addition, we would like to explore the reasons for this difference.
Breast Cancer Screening Practices Amongst Female Students in Pakistan
Authors: Khokhar Ismail Anwar , Musa Asif Mohammad , Mashhood Muhammad , Zulfiqar Mominah , Ismail Minahil , Asjad Ayesha
Published: July 2022

Cancer is currently responsible for around 6 million deaths worldwide. Cancer-related deaths are predicted to rise to 74% in the next several years which is alarming for the developing countries. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and is also the leading cause mortality. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the practices opted by Pakistani women about breast self and clinical Examination and screening modalities. Methods: Total 453 selected female University students using the "Epitool" online sample calculation website with a 95% confidence interval and a 5% margin of error were selected. All girls between the age of 18-55 years who were currently enrolled in one of the study programs and could complete the English questionnaire were included in the study. The Breast Cancer Investigation Questionnaire (BCIQ) was used in study. SPSS version 25.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: The respondents' mean age was 22.87± 4.67 years. The prevalence of knowledge of breast cancer screening techniques was high 341 (75.3%), 245(53.3%) and 273 (60%), respectively, for breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, and mammography. However, only 345 (75.1%), 303 (36.9%), and 255 (56.2%) knew BSE, CBE, and mammography are helpful in breast cancer diagnosis respectively. Conclusion: Even though many females were aware of breast cancer and self-examination, the number of women who do BSE was alarmingly low.
Relationship Between Microalbuminuria and Activity of The Disease in Patients Suffering from Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Ali Murad , Ashfaq Maryam , Tahir Butt Tariq , Gohar Shah Bushra , Bhatti Hammad Ur Rehman
Published: July 2022

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a gastrointestinal issue, in which inflammation of the tract takes place. The disease level may be severe, moderate, or mild, so the detection method was selected according to the disease level. Finding the disease level and diagnostic method of UC is challenging. Objective: To find out a non-interfering way for the assessment of the activity of the disease, which is particularly important for the detection of UC. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to find a safe method for the determination of disease severity in the patients suffering from UC. Methods: For this study, 93 patients were selected suffering from UC (UC). For the assessment of all the specific parameters, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Rate of erythrocytes sedimentation (ESR) and calprotectin in fecal, commonly used turbidimetric-immunoassay, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Westergren technique was used. A partial clinical score was used for the estimation of disease severity and the level of microalbuminuria was used determined by the immuno-turbidimetric way. Results: Among 93 patients suffering from UC, 37 patients were male and 56 patients were female. The average age of the patients was 40 plus. Microalbuminuria was present in more than 52 % of the patients. The presence of microalbuminuria depends upon the severity level of the disease, the most severe patients with Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a large amount of microalbuminuria. The CRP, rate of sedimentation of erythrocytes, and other proteins level also vary with disease level. Conclusion: To measure the activity or severity level of the UC, microalbuminuria is considered a safe or non-interfering marker
Correlation of Sonographic Gestational Age with Fetal Kidney Length in Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Zamir Areej , Azam Sadia , Ali Abid , Afsar Rehan , Khalid Aneeqa , Mehmood Dar Waqar
Published: July 2022

Precise evaluation of gestational age is essential for quality maternity care. Ultrasonography is the most readily available and reliable method to establish gestational age. This study aims to use the length of the fetal kidney as a reliable parameter to measure gestational age in late second and third trimesters.  Objective: To determine the relationship between fetal kidney length and gestational age in weeks during the late 2nd and 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy.  Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted on 105 singleton normal pregnant females between 24th and 40th weeks of gestation who came to the obstetrics and gynecology department at a private sector hospital in Kharian, Pakistan. The duration of the study was four months. Bi-parietal diameter, femur length, and fetal kidney lengths were measured. Statistical analyses were applied using SPSS version 22.0. Results: A moderately significant positive correlation was identified between different gestational age measuring parameters and fetal kidney length. The correlation was significant at the level of 0.01. The correlational values of GA according to LMP with FKLL and FKLR were (r= .85**) and (r= .87**) respectively. GA with BPD indicates a moderately significant positive correlation with FKLL and FKLR (r= .94**) and (r=.94**). GA with FL also shows a moderately significant positive correlation with FKLL and FKLR (r= .83**) and (r= .83**), respectively.  Conclusion: In conclusion, fetal kidney length in millimeters correlates well with gestational age in weeks and shows linear growth with gestational age throughout pregnancy. Gestational age estimated from fetal kidney length gives improved dating of fetal age
Evaluation of blood flow in superficial arteries of face by Doppler ultrasound in young adults
Authors: Javaid Izza , Tazeen Anjum , Khadija Syeda , Fatima Zareen , Saleem Muhammad Adeel , Fatima Mehreen , Rubab Umme
Published: July 2022

Acknowledgement: Knowledge of vascular hemodynamics of a particular region is essential to draw a fine line between normal and a pathological state. Face is highly vascular and little is known about normal blood flow characteristics of its superficial arteries. Thus there is a need to assess the normal blood flow characteristics of the face and to establish a normative database. This may later be helpful in planning of aesthetic procedures, face reconstruction following trauma or during surgery and in follow up examination of many skin diseases.To evaluate the blood flow of superficial arteries of face by Doppler ultrasound in young adults. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted at University of Lahore Teaching Hospital and University Ultrasound Clinic Green Town, Lahore. Data was collected according to inclusion criteria. Sample size of 311 patients were included in this research comprising 112 (36%) females and 199(63.9%) were males. Data entry and analysis was done by using SPSS version-23. Results: Analysis of data showed that out of 311 patients 112 (36%) females and 199(63.9%) were males, According to the result analysis of the total number of 311 patients, facial artery had a mean diameter of 1.4 mm ( 0.14cm) and diameter of temporal artery at tragus  was calculated 1.5mm ( 0.15cm) with SD 0.2. Facial and temporal artery average PSV among individuals was 26.8 ± 5.3 and 35.2 ± 11.9 respectively.  Average RI value of facial artery was 0.81± 0.05 mm and for temporal was 1.0  ± 0.8 mm . Conclusion: The facial and temporal artery can be assessed on Doppler ultrasound for velocity and resistance parameters. No significant difference was seen in the parameters between males and females.
Assessment of Knowledge About Breast Cancer Screening Among Female Faculty of University of Lahore
Authors: Farhat Saira , Anwar Faridi Tallat , Hameed Sajid , Mehmood Khalid , Azzam Khan Muhammad
Published: July 2022

Carcinoma of breast is now the most frequent of all cancers, both in male and female malignancies. It is also the fifth leading cause of death from all types of malignancies, and the first among those tumors that kill women. Objective: To assess the knowledge about breast cancer screening among female faculty of University of Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive research that used a non-probability purposive sampling technique. After getting permission from the participants, data from 356 female faculty members at the University of Lahore was obtained. SPSS version 22 was used to evaluate and enter the data. Results: The findings suggested that female faculty members had a moderate understanding of cancer screening. Even though majority of the participants were aware that mammography is a fundamental and conventional technique for breast cancer screening, they were unaware of when to begin and how frequently it should be done. Respondents also knew what breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE) were, but they didn't know when they should begin or how often they should be conducted. Conclusions:  In summary, female academic staff at the University of Lahore have a moderate level of knowledge. It is suggested that breast cancer screening methods be made more widely known and educated about through frequent conferences and seminars highlighting the proper age and time for starting BSE, CBE, and Mammography, as well as the need of doing these procedures on a regular basis.
Role Of Ultrasound in First Trimester Vaginal Bleeding Observational Study at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Janan Orakzai Zubair , Malik Awan Nuzhat , Khattak Nadia , Rokhan Bakht , Rashid Fauzia , Kamran Ayesha
Published: July 2022

Vaginal bleeding in first trimester is most common complication of pregnant women. The ratio of vaginal bleeding in pregnant women is 20-25%. About 50% of pregnant women experiencing vaginal bleeding in first trimester have viable pregnancy. 50% cases of abortion are reported in first trimester vaginal bleeding. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the significance of ultrasonography in diagnosis of first trimester vaginal bleeding. Objective: Objective of the study is to elaborate the fundamental role of ultrasonography in first trimester vaginal bleeding. The ratio of misdiagnosis in putatively nonviable pregnancy will be reduced by complete understanding of ultrasonography significant. In this way the premature interventions can be avoided that ultimately leads to mismanagement. Study Design: It was an observational study with statistical approaches, conducted in BKMC / MMC, Mardan for the duration of six months from December 2020 to May 2021.  Methods: All the antenatal women having complaint of first trimester vaginal bleeding visited the hospital was included in this prospective observational study. Those who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria set by the Gynecology department of Hospital were followed for further analysis study. Results: Out of the 90 patients included in the study, 51% cases were of threatened abortion among viable pregnancies and 6% cases of normal pregnancy were reported. Various types of abortion were reported in the patients, out of which 11% cases were of missed abortion, 1% of complete abortion, and 11% of incomplete abortion, 5% of ectopic pregnancy and 10% of blighted ovum. The inevitable abortion cases were 3% and 1.1 % cases of hydatidiform mole. Conclusion: After developing better understanding of correlation between ultrasonography and first trimester vaginal bleeding, sonologist can elaborately explain the cause of vaginal bleeding.  For the diagnosis of first trimester vaginal bleeding ultrasonography is the non-invasive imaging technology.
Assessment Of Frequency of EEG Findings in Children with Epilepsy in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Hassan Faiqa , Ali Shazia , Munir Misbah , Masood Ali , Suharwardy Obaid Munazza , Urooj Baig Ramsha , Zakaria Faiza
Published: July 2022

Epilepsy impacts around 46 million individuals worldwide, with an exacerbated incidence and mortality in lower-income settings Objective: To evaluate the use of EEG in determining the diagnosis of epilepsy, with its particular subtypes. This study also assessed the vital correlation between age and sex with subnormal EEG findings. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted at MMI Pead’s Memon Hospital, Karachi, from January 2020 to December 2020. Age ranges between 1 month and 18 years. Study evaluated the correlation of EEG findings. The EEG patterns was also assessed. EEG patterns were categorized as normal, abnormal with either background slowing or interictal epileptiform discharges (IED) or both, types of seizure and day of admission when the EEG was performed. Using SPSS latest version, association of age, and sex with abnormal EEGs was determined Results: Two-third of the children reported normal EEG, whereas abnormal background findings were observed in the remaining one-third. Inter- ictal epileptic discharge was noted on 18 EEG reports. This finding was most frequent in children within the age bracket of 30 months to more than 67 months. A combination of inter-ictal epileptic discharge and abnormal background findings were noted in children older than 49 months. However, hypsarrhythmia was noted in 2 subjects, both under 30 months of age. With regards to diagnosis, majority of the children categorized as having generalized epilepsy were over 67 months of age. Focal epilepsy was the second most frequent diagnosis, with majority under 30 months of age. On the association of EEG findings with sex, out findings were insignificant. Conclusions: EEG has been determined as the investigation of choice among patients with epilepsy, however it may have certain limitations in providing an accurate diagnosis, and must not be relied on as the sole determinant of epilepsy.
Etiological Aspects of Hoarseness of Voice Among Patients Attending in A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Zada Bakht , Humerah Sobia , Habib Muhammad , Iqbal Javed , Nadeem Muhammad , Khan Ali
Published: July 2022

Hoarseness of voice is much frequent in recent times and it alters the normal quality of voice Objective: To understand and assess the etiological factors of hoarseness. Methods: A Non-randomized, longitudinal and cross-sectional study was conducted in the ENT Head & Neck Surgery, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar and Al Nafees Medical College and Hospital, Islamabad for six months duration from September 2021 to February 2022. All subjects with a history of hoarseness underwent routine specific clinical evaluation to establish diagnosis. The simple manual analysis was applied for final outcomes assessment with percentage and frequency using SPSS 21.0. Results:  Participants enrolled were 150, amongst them, the patients of 21-30 and 31-40 years of age suffered from hoarseness. Likewise, 98 (72%) were males, 52 (28%) were females with a M: F proportion of 1.45: 1. According to the distribution, the utmost communal etiology observed in this study was acute laryngitis (30%), trailed by acid peptic laryngitis in 25.3%, laryngeal neoplasms in 8.7% and other includes laryngeal tuberculosis, intubation granuloma, and very rarely trauma. Conclusions: There was an etiological variability of hoarseness, varies from simple laryngitis to malignant neoplasms. For this reason, it is significant not to overlook hoarseness and a thorough examination, investigation and proper history should be taken
Role of Vitamin B6 and Folic Acid in Decreasing Diabetic Peripheral Sensory and Motor Neuropathy
Authors: Iqbal Ranjha Nasar , Azeem Muhammad , Khan Malik Muhammad , Ahmed Khalil
Published: July 2022

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a disease of diabetic patients in which nerves of peripheral nervous system got degenerated and unable to transmit any signals. Almost 30% patients of peripheral neuropathy are positive to diabetes as well. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy occurs due to decreased serum level of B type vitamins in the body among which vitamin B6 and folic acid are more important. Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the role of Vitamin B6 and folic acid in decreasing peripheral neuropathy. Method: This study was conducted in the hospital of sargodha from 2018 to 2020. This study was carried on 250 type 2 diabetic patients. Both males and females were included. Subjects were submitted to detailed medical history about the duration of diabetes  and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy.Complete examination of nervous system was conducted .Laboratory examination was done to find out mean fasting glucose.The  control group comprised of 50 potentially healthy males and females was made. Serum level of vitamins was checked before and after treatment. Result: The main symptom which was present in all the patients was severe pain in lower legs Distal numbness was reported in 200 patients. Distal sensory neuropathy was reported in 150 patients. Distal motor neuropathy was reported in 52 patients. 157 patients had demyelinating neuropathy, 57 had axonal and 44 had mixed neuropathy. Peripheral diabetic neuropathy decreased after supplementations of homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin b6. Conclusion: Vitamin B6 and folic acid are known for their role to support healthy nervous system.Vitamin B6 and folic acid improved glycemic control through decreasing homocysteine . B6 relieves nerve pain and transmits nerve impulses correctly. The risk of peripheral neuropathy increased as serum folate decreased. Their supplementations are effective strategies for the treatment of peripheral diabetic neuropathy.
A Comparison of Sonourethrography and Retrograde Urethrography in Evaluation of Anterior Urethral Strictures
Authors: Janan Orakzai Zubair , Nighat Sumera , Sharif Sana , Zahra Mahwish
Published: July 2022

The urinary tract has restrictions in its lower parts. This problem can be detected by two different methods. Obstruction in the anterior portion of this tract can be diagnosed by some available standard methods. Objective: To assess the general problems in the male urethra specifically in the anterior portion. Methods: It is a prospective and comparative study with a statistical approach, conducted at Bakhtawar Amin Memorial and Trust Hospital, Multan and MTI Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan for the duration of one year from December 2020 to December 2021. The study was done by using ultrasound of high resolution. Then the comparison of the operative conclusions has to be done with retrograde urethrography (RGU) to find out the efficiency of RGU. For this study work, seventy-seven patients were selected. All these patients had some restrictions in the urinary pathway confirmed by retrograde urethrography. Different characteristics of the patients were studied and matched with the available standard methods. By both tests specificity, sensitivity, and overall accuracy of the protocol were also assessed. Different statistical analyses were performed to find out the results. Results: All the seventy-seven patients were having some restriction of urinary pathway, which were detected by sonourethrography and further confirmation was done by other previously verified methods. The retrograde urethrography shows almost very low sensitivity of this particular problem detection. This test was about 60 to 80% sensitive for this diagnosis. This sensitivity is specific for the length of about 1 to 5 cm. These results were compared with the results of sonourethrography. The problem termed as spongiofibrosis was also diagnosed with sensitivity about 76 to 82 %. A number of other problems were also detected by this method like calculi and further confirmation was done at the time of surgery. The probability was greater than 0.001 and difference in frequency was also not so significant. It was less than 0.5. Conclusions: Both of the methods have equal efficiency for the detection of different restrictions in urinary tract. When other parameters were assessed; it was inferred that sonourethrography is more efficient method
TEACHERS' VIEW OF THE EDUCATIONAL REALITY REGARDING THE BEHAVIOR OF THE SCHOOL PRINCIPAL
Authors: Nikitara Stamatia
Published: July 2022

This paper examines the views of secondary education school teachers, regarding the educational decisions made in school, in relation to the behavior of the school Principal. Theoretically are being approached the institutional bodies involved in the administration of the school unit, the decision-making as a function of the administration of a school unit, as well as the roles, the procedures and the decision-making models. The survey was conducted with a written questionnaire, with five main axes: the strengthening of the role of the teachers, the responsibilities of the principal, the decision-making by the principal, the image of the school and the role of the Teachers' Association. The sample of the research was consisted of 151 teachers of secondary education of the Dodecanese islands in Greece and inductive statistical analyses were performed on a total of five variables that concerned either personal data of the teachers or data of the school units in which teachers work. A key research finding is the distance that separates teachers' expectations from what applies in school practice.
ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTION OF TEACHERS ON THE USE OF MOTHER TONGUE IN ESL CLASSROOM IN CAMEROON
Authors: Numfor Nchang Comfort
Published: July 2022

Education in the local languages can be one of the means for improving the living conditions of the disadvantaged rural population. The obstacle to Education remains the use of foreign languages for teaching and learning in the early years of primary education. The advent of independence was considered the gateway to complete eradication of the colonial past. On contrary, colonial teaching practices, involving the use of foreign languages, continue to dominate the classrooms. This article revisits the issue of language of instruction in the early years of primary schools in Bafut after many years of mother tongue education implementation. It examines the effect of using English, a foreign language in teaching indigenous Bafut children, in the suburbs who do not have the opportunity to acquire English to the level necessary for effective engagement with the curriculum. The study investigates the opinions and attitude of primary school teachers toward teaching using an indigenous language (Bafut). The researcher used triangulation, involving a variety of data sources including classroom observation, interview, focus group discussion and documentation. Data was collected from twenty four primary school teachers from six purposively selected primary schools in Bafut. The findings revealed attitudinal barriers to using the mother tongue as language of instruction in early years of education. After many years of sensitization, and many admirable polices developed throughout Africa, the efficiency of their implementation is questionable. English and French continue to receive exclusive attention in the classroom as the language of instruction and examinations, whereas the role of Mother Tongue has remained undefined. This had yielded ample evidence to question current practices and suggest the need to adopt new approaches in language use in education.
THE ROLE OF DARSAK"'DARSAK'" PLATFORM IN PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF BIOLOGY TEACHERS IN THE SOUTH REGION
Authors: Al-Bayaydah Somaya Khalaf , Al-Khataybeh Porf. Majid
Published: July 2022

The study aimed at knowing the role of 'Darsak' platform in professional development from the point of view of biology teachers in the south region. The study used the descriptive analytical approach. The study sample consisted of all the biology teachers in the schools of the South region (Karak, Tafila, Maan, Aqaba) during the second semester of the 2021/2022 school year, whose number was (161) teachers, based on the statistics and planning departments. As for the study sample, the study community was completely and exclusively taken. As for the study tool, it consisted of three items, with a questionnaire of (20) items. The results of the study showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the role of 'Darsak' platform in professional development that can be ascribed to the variables of gender, academic qualification, and experience. The results of the study concluded that all dimensions of 'Darsak' platform had an average role. In light of the results of the study, many recommendations emerged, like the need to provide appropriate training for teachers on how to manage educational technologies in online education.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LEARNING MODULE FOR PROCEDURE TEXT WRITING SKILLS TO IMPROVE WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT SKILLS FOR CLASS XI STUDENTS AT 2 SMK CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE IN HOSPITALITY SECTORS IN KULON PROGO ACADEMIC YEAR 2021/2022
Authors: Dina Alistiyani Mustika , Rokhman Fathur , Wagiran
Published: July 2022

A module is a book written with the aim that students can study independently without or with the guidance of a teacher (Abdul Majid). Meanwhile, in another view, the module is interpreted as a set of teaching materials that are presented systematically so that their use can be learned with or without a facilitator or teacher. Thus, a module must be able to be used as a teaching material as a substitute for the teacher's function. Teaching modules are arranged according to the phase or stage of student development, considering what will be learned with learning objectives, and based on long-term development. So, teachers must understand the concept of teaching modules so that the learning process is more interesting and meaningful (Kemendikbud, 2020). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the learning module to improve the ability to write procedural texts for class XI students at 2 SMK Centers of Excellence in the Hospitality sector. Quantitative research will be used to research and determine the effectiveness of module development. Respondents in this study were Class XI Hospitality students and teachers. The data collection technique used is a questionnaire method, pretest and posttest. Instrument reliability test was measured using SPSS. The effectiveness of the procedural text writing skill learning module to improve the procedural text writing skills of class XI students at 2 SMK Hospitalilty Sector Excellence Centers. The result data of students writing procedural texts showed that the average score before and after using the learning module increased from 78.16 to 85.09.