bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualidade da dieta de nutrizes utilizando o Índice de Alimentação Saudável
Authors: Ferreira Freitas Ronilson , Caetano Diego Silva , Lessa Angelina Do Carmo , Macedo Mariana De Souza , Dessimoni Pinto Nísia Andrade Villela , Teixeira Romero Alves
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad global de la dieta de las amamantadoras mediante el instrumento o Índice de Alimentación Saludable.
Metodología: Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico observacional transversal, teniendo como instrumentos de colecta de datos un cuestionario semiestructurado para la caracterización de la muestra y el registro de ingestión habitual. La calidad de la dieta ha sido evaluada por el Índice de Alimentación Saludable (IAS) validado para la población brasileña. Para los análisis, se estimaron las medias y desvíos estándar, las medianas e intervalos intercuartílicos del IAS total y de cada componente. Se utilizó el test  de Kolmogorov-Sminorv para probar la normalidad de los datos. Las medias de puntuación total del IAS por grupos de acuerdo con las variables sociodemográficas, nutricionales y obstétricas se evaluaron utilizando los tests t de Student, ANOVA y Test "post hoc" de Tukey.
Resultados: Se evaluaron 106 amamantadoras con media de puntuación del IAS total de 64,36±10,68 y los alimentos del grupo de las frutas total, fruta entera, cereal total, cereal integral y leche y derivados, fueron los componentes del IAS de las amamantadoras con menores puntuaciones, y con mayor frecuencia de nota mínima. Fue posible ver un bajo consumo de frutas totales, frutas enteras, cereales totales, cereales integrales y leche y derivados. En la comparación entre las medias y medianas de la puntuación total del IAS con las variables demográficas, socioeconómicas, nutricionales y obstétricas de las amamantadoras, se observó que mujeres con 12 o más años de estudio completo han tenido media significativamente mayor en relación a las amamantadoras con menor escolaridad.
Avaliação nutricional pela Mini avaliação Nutricional: uma ferramenta para o enfermeiro
Authors: Ferreira Josefa Danielma Lopes , Soares Maria Júlia Guimarães Oliveira , Lima Carla Lidiane Jácome de , Ferreira Thalys Maynnard Costa , Oliveira Patrícia Simplício de , Silva Mirian Alves da
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Caracterizar el estado nutricional de los ancianos institucionalizados según el test Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA®).
Métodos: Estudio transversal, basado en la población, con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado con 321 ancianos residentes en centros de atención a largo plazo de João Pessoa/PB. Fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación del CCS/UFPB, CAEE: 02043712.4.0000.5188.
Resultados: La edad media de los participantes era de 81,09 años y la mayoría eran mujeres (75,7%). En primer lugar, los ancianos fueron evaluados por una triaje, en los que 86 (26,8%) tenían un estado nutricional adecuado y 235 (73,2%) pasaron a la evaluación general; 7 (3,0%) de estos tuvieron un estado nutricional adecuado. Por lo tanto, de acuerdo con el test MNA®, el total fue de 93 (29,0%) ancianos con estado nutricional adecuado; 127 (39,6%) estaban en riesgo de desnutrición y 101 (31,5%) estaban desnutridos.
Conclusión: Es indispensable establecer programas de prevención en las instituciones a largo plazo que apoyen las actividades del equipo de salud multidisciplinar, con el fin de controlar los factores de riesgo, incluyendo parámetros nutricionales.
O Enfermeiro na Creche/Jardim-de-infância: Perspectiva dos professores de uma Escola Superior de Enfermagem
Authors: Garcia Galvão Dulce Maria Pereira
Published: July 2018

Introducción: La creciente necesidad de actuación del enfermero en las instituciones infantiles de forma continua es un tema poco estudiado y que no constituye del todo una realidad. En el área de Enfermería de Salud Infantil y Pediátrica de una escuela superior de enfermería, los estudiantes realizan la enseñanza clínica en guarderías / jardines de infancia.
Objetivos: Conocer qué valoran los profesores de enfermería en el papel del enfermero en las guarderías / los jardines de infancia.
Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y exploratorio que sigue una metodología cualitativa, después de la aceptación de la escuela superior de enfermería y la aprobación de la Comisión de Ética, junto a siete profesores. Se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, realizadas entre diciembre de 2016 y febrero de 2017, cuyo tiempo de realización osciló entre 30 y 45 minutos. Para el tratamiento de la información se recurrió al análisis del contenido, y se optó por el análisis categorial.
Resultados: Algunos profesores defienden la presencia del enfermero a tiempo completo en la guardería / el jardín de infancia. La mayoría consideran que el enfermero tiene un papel preponderante. Para los profesores, el enfermero interviene con los niños, las familias, otros técnicos y en articulación con las estructuras de salud, escuela y familia. Su presencia se traduce también en proporcionar seguridad a los padres acerca del bienestar del niño y les permite reducir los períodos de ausencia en el trabajo.
Conclusión: No todos los profesores tienen la misma visión del enfermero y de su papel en una guardería. El enfermero, en la guardería, tiene un papel preponderante respecto al niño, la familia, otros técnicos, de gestión, de investigación y también docente.
Detección, vigilancia, y seguimiento de gérmenes multirresistentes, en las areas sanitarias III-IV de Cantabria (2013-2016)
Authors: González Martínez Obdulio Manuel , Rodríguez Saturio Sara
Published: July 2018

En la Unión Europea, según el Centro de Control de Enfermedades, fallecen unos 250.000 individuos al año a causa de las bacterias multirresistentes a los antibióticos, con un coste adicional de 1.500 millones de euros a los sistemas sanitarios. La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha definido como “la gran amenaza para la salud pública” y pronostica que pudieran provocar 10 millones de muertes en el año 2050.
El presente estudio prospectivo de  incidencia de los pacientes portadores de gérmenes multirresistentes a los antibióticos (GMA) se ha  realizado desde 2013 a junio de 2016 en las áreas sanitarias III-IV de Cantabria, con una población estimada de 200.000 habitantes, distribuidas en dos Hospitales Comarcales: Hospital Sierrallana (Torrelavega) y Hospital de Tres Mares (Reinosa), 14 Centros de Salud y Sociosanitarios.
Se ha  aplicado el proceso de vigilancia, control y seguimiento epidemiológico, realizado desde el Servicio de Medicina Preventiva Calidad y Seguridad del Paciente con la colaboración del Servicio de Microbiología y de Atención Primaria.    
De un total de total de 3446 pacientes con gérmenes con GMA, se han podido negativizar 1083 pacientes, lo que representa el 31,42% del total.
Teniendo en cuenta que cada uno de estos enfermos permanece ingresado una estancia media de 5 días más que los que no presentan estas multirresistencias a los antibióticos. Se ha conseguido que estos pacientes una vez negativizados pudieran ingresar sin estar aislados con lo que esto representa a nivel de salud, económico y psicológicamente; así como mejorar la eficieciencia de los recursos sanitarios.
A hierarchical model of daily stream temperature for regional predictions
Authors: Hocking Daniel J , O'Neil Kyle , Letcher Benjamin H
Published: July 2018

Stream temperature is an important exogenous factor influencing populations of stream organisms such as fish, amphibians, and invertebrates. Many states regulate stream protections based on temperature. Therefore, stream temperature models are important, particularly for estimating thermal regimes in unsampled space and time. To help meet this need, we developed a hierarchical model of daily stream temperature and applied it across the eastern United States. Our model accommodates many of the key challenges associated with daily stream temperature models including the lagged response of water temperature to changes in air temperature, incomplete and widely-varying observed time series, spatial and temporal autocorrelation, and the inclusion of predictors other than air temperature. We used 248,517 daily stream temperature records from 1,352 streams to fit our model and 100,909 records were withheld for model validation. Our model had a root mean squared error of 0.61 C for the fitted data and 2.03 C for the validation data, indicating excellent fit and good predictive power for understanding regional temperature patterns. We then used our model to predict daily stream temperatures from 1980 - 2015 for all streams <200 km2 from Maine to Virginia. From these, we calculated derived stream metrics including mean July temperature, mean summer temperature, and the thermal sensitivity of each stream reach to changes in air temperature. Although generally water temperature follows similar latitudinal and altitudinal patterns as air temperature, there are considerable differences at the reach scale based on landscape and land-use factors.
Differential expression of Lutheran/BCAM regulates biliary tissue remodeling in ductular reaction during liver regeneration
Authors: Miura Yasushi , Matsui Satoshi , Miyata Naoko , Harada Kenichi , Kikkawa Yamato , Ohmuraya Masaki , Araki Kimi , Tsurusaki Shinya , Okochi Hitoshi , Goda Nobuhito , Miyajima Atsushi , Tanaka Minoru
Published: July 2018

Under chronic or severe liver injury, liver progenitor cells (LPCs) of biliary origin are known to expand and contribute to the regeneration of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. This regeneration process is called ductular reaction (DR), which is accompanied by dynamic remodeling of biliary tissue. Although the DR shows apparently distinct mode of biliary extension depending on the type of liver injury, the key regulatory mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that Lutheran (Lu)/Basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM) regulates the morphogenesis of DR depending on liver disease models. Lu+ and Lu- biliary cells isolated from injured liver exhibit opposite phenotypes in cell motility and duct formation capacities in vitro. By overexpression of Lu, Lu- biliary cells acquire the phenotype of Lu+ biliary cells. Lu-deficient mice showed severe defects in DR. Our findings reveal a critical role of Lu in the control of phenotypic heterogeneity of DR in distinct liver disease models.
An alternative splicing switch in FLNB promotes the mesenchymal cell state in human breast cancer
Authors: Li Ji , Choi Peter S , Chaffer Christine L , Labella Katherine , Hwang Justin H , Giacomelli Andrew O , Kim Jong Wook , Ilic Nina , Doench John G , Ly Seav Huong , Dai Chao , Hagel Kimberly , Hong Andrew L , Gjoerup Ole , Goel Shom , Ge Jennifer Y , Root David E , Zhao Jean J , Brooks Angela N , Weinberg Robert A , Hahn William C
Published: July 2018

Alternative splicing of mRNA precursors represents a key gene expression regulatory step and permits the generation of distinct protein products with diverse functions. In a genome-scale expression screen for inducers of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), we found a striking enrichment of RNA-binding proteins. We validated that QKI and RBFOX1 were necessary and sufficient to induce an intermediate mesenchymal cell state and increased tumorigenicity. Using RNA-seq and eCLIP analysis, we found that QKI and RBFOX1 coordinately regulated the splicing and function of the actin-binding protein FLNB, which plays a causal role in the regulation of EMT. Specifically, the skipping of FLNB exon 30 induced EMT by releasing the FOXC1 transcription factor. Moreover, skipping of FLNB exon 30 is strongly associated with EMT gene signatures in basal-like breast cancer patient samples. These observations identify a specific dysregulation of splicing, which regulates tumor cell plasticity and is frequently observed in human cancer.
Sleep and Lifestyle Habits of Osteopathic Emergency Medicine Residents During Training
Authors: Hughes Kate E. , Hughes Patrick G. , Hughes Mary J.
Published: July 2018

Context

Duty hours were enacted in 2003 with the intent to improve patient safety and resident well-being. However, limited data exist regarding improvements in residents’ well-being since the implementation of these restrictions.

Objective

To examine osteopathic emergency medicine (EM) resident characteristics regarding sleep and lifestyle habits and duty hour reporting.

Method

A convenience sample of osteopathic EM residents was surveyed at a statewide conference in May 2014. The conference included 177 residents from 15 osteopathic EM residencies. Data regarding demographics, sleep and lifestyle habits (including work-related motor vehicle incidents [MVIs] and chemical aid use for sleep/wakefulness), and duty hour reporting were collected. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score was calculated, with a score greater than 10 indicating sleep disturbance.

Results

Of the 128 residents (72%) who returned the survey, approximately two-thirds were female, were currently on an EM rotation, and were training in suburban emergency departments with more than 60,000 annual visits. Only 35% of respondents slept 8 or more hours per night during an EM rotation, and 63% admitted to weight change during residency. Forty-two percent of respondents had a work-related MVI, which was more likely to occur if their ESS score was greater than 11 (P<.03). Mean (SD) ESS score was 9.9 (4.8; range, 0-24). Respondents reported using chemical aids for staying awake or going to sleep on a mean (SD) of 6.9 (9.3) days per month (range, 0-30). The majority of respondents (84%) reported strict duty hour enforcement policies, few (17%) had ever been asked to falsify reports, and more than half (56%) had ever voluntarily reported false hours.

Conclusion

Most residents surveyed slept fewer than 8 hours per night and had a weight change during EM residency training. The majority of residents used a chemical aid for sleep or wakefulness. Nearly half of residents surveyed met criteria for disordered sleep, which was associated with a higher occurrence of MVIs.
Teaching Medical Students About Health Systems Science and Osteopathic Principles and Practice Using a Virtual World: The Envision Community Health Center
Authors: McCoy Lise , Lewis Joy H. , Bennett Thomas , Fernandez Monica , Heath Deborah M. , Schwartz Frederic N.
Published: July 2018

Medical education technology initiatives can be used to prepare osteopathic medical students for modern primary care practice and to provide students with training to serve vulnerable populations. Over academic years 2014 through 2017, the authors designed and implemented 26 case studies using patient simulations through a virtual community health center (CHC). First-year students, who were preparing for clinical training in CHCs, and second-year students, who were training in CHCs, completed the simulation case studies, gaining practice in clinical reasoning, Health Systems Science, and applied osteopathic principles and practice. This article explains the project, illustrates an alignment with Health Systems Science and osteopathic competencies, and highlights findings from previous research studies.
BTW—Bioinformatics Through Windows: an easy-to-install package to analyze marker gene data
Authors: Morais Daniel K. , Roesch Luiz F.W. , Redmile-Gordon Marc , Santos Fausto G. , Baldrian Petr , Andreote Fernando D. , Pylro Victor S.
Published: July 2018

Recent advances in Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) make comparative analyses of the composition and diversity of whole microbial communities possible at a far greater depth than ever before. This brings new challenges, such as an increased dependence on computation to process these huge datasets. The demand on system resources usually requires migrating from Windows to Linux-based operating systems and prior familiarity with command-line interfaces. To overcome this barrier, we developed a fully automated and easy-to-install package as well as a complete, easy-to-follow pipeline for microbial metataxonomic analysis operating in the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)—Bioinformatics Through Windows (BTW). BTW combines several open-access tools for processing marker gene data, including 16S rRNA, bringing the user from raw sequencing reads to diversity-related conclusions. It includes data quality filtering, clustering, taxonomic assignment and further statistical analyses, directly in WSL, avoiding the prior need of migrating from Windows to Linux. BTW is expected to boost the use of NGS amplicon data by facilitating rapid access to a set of bioinformatics tools for Windows users. Moreover, several Linux command line tools became more reachable, which will enhance bioinformatics accessibility to a wider range of researchers and practitioners in the life sciences and medicine. BTW is available in GitHub (https://github.com/vpylro/BTW). The package is freely available for noncommercial users.
The role of RNA modifications in the regulation of tRNA cleavage
Authors: Lyons Shawn M. , Fay Marta M. , Ivanov Pavel
Published: July 2018

Transfer RNA (tRNA) have been harbingers of many paradigms in RNA biology. They are among the first recognized noncoding RNA (ncRNA) playing fundamental roles in RNA metabolism. Although mainly recognized for their role in decoding mRNA and delivering amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain, tRNA also serve as an abundant source of small ncRNA named tRNA fragments. The functional significance of these fragments is only beginning to be uncovered. Early on, tRNA were recognized as heavily post‐transcriptionally modified, which aids in proper folding and modulates the tRNA:mRNA anticodon–codon interactions. Emerging data suggest that these modifications play critical roles in the generation and activity of tRNA fragments. Modifications can both protect tRNA from cleavage or promote their cleavage. Modifications to individual fragments may be required for their activity. Recent work has shown that some modifications are critical for stem cell development and that failure to deposit certain modifications has profound effects on disease. This review will discuss how tRNA modifications regulate the generation and activity of tRNA fragments.
2D DIGE proteomic analysis reveals fasting‐induced protein remodeling through organ‐specific transcription factor(s) in mice
Authors: Kamata Shotaro , Yamamoto Junya , Ohtani Haruka , Tosaka Yuka , Yoshikawa Sayumi , Akahoshi Noriyuki , Ishii Isao
Published: July 2018

Overnight fasting is a routine procedure before surgery in clinical settings. Intermittent fasting is the most common diet/fitness trend implemented for weight loss and the treatment of lifestyle‐related diseases. In either setting, the effects not directly related to parameters of interest, either beneficial or harmful, are often ignored. We previously demonstrated differential activation of cellular adaptive responses in 13 atrophied/nonatrophied organs of fasted mice by quantitative PCR analysis of gene expression. Here, we investigated 2‐day fasting‐induced protein remodeling in six major mouse organs (liver, kidney, thymus, spleen, brain, and testis) using two‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) proteomics as an alternative means to examine systemic adaptive responses. Quantitative analysis of protein expression followed by protein identification using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) revealed that the expression levels of 72, 26, and 14 proteins were significantly up‐ or downregulated in the highly atrophied liver, thymus, and spleen, respectively, and the expression levels of 32 proteins were up‐ or downregulated in the mildly atrophied kidney. Conversely, there were no significant protein expression changes in the nonatrophied organs, brain and testis. Upstream regulator analysis highlighted transcriptional regulation by peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) in the liver and kidney and by tumor protein/suppressor p53 (TP53) in the thymus, spleen, and liver. These results imply of the existence of both common and distinct adaptive responses between major mouse organs, which involve transcriptional regulation of specific protein expression upon short‐term fasting. Our data may be valuable in understanding systemic transcriptional regulation upon fasting in experimental animals.
Accuracy of TomoEDGE dynamic jaw field widths
Authors: Urso Patrizia , Corradini Nathan A. , Vite Cristina
Published: July 2018

Dynamic jaw delivery on the TomoTherapy H‐series platform, entitled TomoEDGE™, is an effective tool to decrease the patient dose along the superior and inferior edges of the treatment target. The aperture of the TomoTherapy jaws, that is, field width (FW), defines the longitudinal dose profile. A consistent FW dose profile is an important quantity for accurate and reproducible dose delivery in TomoTherapy. To date, no evaluation has been made of the accuracy and precision of the dose profiles produced by dynamic jaws. This study aims to provide a long‐term evaluation of the dynamic jaw FW dose profiles obtained on TomoTherapy utilizing the TomoTherapy Quality Assurance procedure (TQA). A total of 840 dose profiles were measured during 84 TQA procedures, performed over a 2‐yr period. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) and constancy of the FW dose profile measurements were analyzed and compared with the tolerances proposed by AAPM Task Group 148 (TG‐148) and those used by the manufacturer. The FWHM evaluation showed that the FWs > 2.0 cm respect the TG‐148 tolerance of 1%, while the asymmetric FWs ≤ 2.0 cm were outside the limit in 17.3% of measurements. Constancy results evaluated along the full profiles showed that 95.2% of measurements were within 3% of the baseline for symmetric FWs and 94.8% of measurements were within 4% of the baseline for asymmetric FWs. In conclusion, the analysis confirms the accuracy and precision of TomoEDGE™ technology in jaw positioning. This study has identified the potential to establish an appropriate QA tolerance for the asymmetric FWs used in dynamic jaw movement. Finally, the clinical significance of the observed discrepancies should be studied further to understand the dosimetric effect on patient treatments.
Layer‐by‐Layer Construction of Cu2+/Alginate Multilayer Modified Ultrafiltration Membrane with Bioinspired Superwetting Property for High‐Efficient Crude‐Oil‐in‐Water Emulsion Separation
Authors: Gao Shoujian , Zhu Yuzhang , Wang Jinliang , Zhang Feng , Li Jingye , Jin Jian
Published: July 2018

Due to highly adhesive property, crude oil is easier to adhere on foul filtration membranes. Separation of crude oil‐in‐water emulsion is a continuing tough work. Hydrogels with low‐adhesive superoleophobicity are ideal materials for modifying filtration membranes to achieve efficient and antifouling separation of crude oil‐in‐water emulsion. A key challenge in fabricating the hydrogel modified filtration membranes is to design an ultrathin hydrogel layer with sufficient anti‐crude‐oil‐fouling ability and with controllable thickness, thus not blocking the micro‐ and nanosized membrane pores. Inspired by the novel harsh‐environment‐tolerant superoleophobicity of alginate‐rich seaweed, the construction of an ultrathin Cu2+/alginate hydrogel multilayer with controllable thickness at the nanometer scale on a polymer filtration membrane via a layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly method is achieved. Both the nanosized pores and the high flux of original membrane are well‐maintained. The Cu2+/alginate multilayer modified ultrafiltration membrane behaves a biomimetic superhydrophilicity, underwater superoleophobicity, and antifouling ability for crude oil. It is capable of efficiently separating crude oil‐in‐water emulsion with a high water flux of 1230 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, an ultrahigh efficiency of 99.8%, and an outstanding antifouling and cyclic ability. What's more, the membrane exhibits good salt‐tolerance, antibacterial ability, and long‐term stability.
Laser‐Assisted Chemical Modification of Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Afaneh Tariq , Sahoo Prasana K. , Nobrega Igor A. P. , Xin Yan , Gutiérrez Humberto R.
Published: July 2018

Laser‐assisted chemical modification is demonstrated on ultrathin transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), locally replacing selenium by sulfur atoms. The photoconversion process takes place in a controlled reactive gas environment and the heterogeneous reaction rates are monitored via in situ real‐time Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The spatially localized photoconversion results in a heterogeneous TMD structure, with chemically distinct domains, where the initial high crystalline quality of the film is not affected during the process. This has been further confirmed via transmission electron microscopy as well as Raman and photoluminescence spatial maps. This study demonstrates the potential of laser‐assisted chemical conversion for on‐demand synthesis of heterogeneous 2D materials with applications in nanodevices.
Light–Matter Interaction within Extreme Dimensions: From Nanomanufacturing to Applications
Authors: Xu Yun , Ji Dengxin , Song Haomin , Zhang Nan , Hu Yaowu , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Di Fabrizio Enzo M. , Xiao Shumin , Gan Qiaoqiang
Published: July 2018

Light–matter interaction is a key branch of photonics/optical material science. As the research emphasis in recent years has shifted from microscale toward nanoscale, light–matter interaction within extreme dimensions raises new challenges as well as opportunities. However, because of the classic diffraction limit of conventional optics, coupling and confinement of light into deep‐subwavelength volume is usually very challenging, resulting in difficulties in exploring the light–matter interaction within ultrathin and ultrasmall dimensions. Based on recent advances in theoretical modeling, nanomanufacturing and experimental validation efforts, unique features have been recognized. Here, recent key progresses of light–matter interaction within extreme dimensions are summarized and future directions based on new combinations of materials, structures, nanomanufacturing, and applications are discussed, ranging from quantum plasmonics, nonlinear optics, to optical biosensing.
Comparable outcomes of haploidentical, 10/10 and 9/10 unrelated donor transplantation in adverse karyotype AML in first complete remission
Authors: Lorentino Francesca , Labopin Myriam , Bernardi Massimo , Ciceri Fabio , Socié Gerard , Cornelissen Jan J. , Esteve Jordi , Ruggeri Annalisa , Volin Liisa , Yacoub‐Agha Ibrahim , Craddock Charles , Passweg Jacob , Blaise Didier , Gedde‐Dahl Tobias , Poiani Monica , Fegueux Nathalie , Mohty Mohamad , Nagler Arnon ,   On Behalf of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Published: July 2018

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the most powerful therapy preventing relapse in patients with adverse cytogenetics acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1). In the absence of a matched related donor, potential alternatives include 10/10, 9/10 HLA‐matched unrelated (UD) or haploidentical (Haplo) donors. We analyzed clinical outcomes of patients undergoing T‐cell repleted Haplo (n= 74), 10/10 UD (n= 433) and 9/10 UD HSCT (n= 123) from 2007 to 2015, reported to the EBMT Registry. Adverse risk AML was defined according to the 2017 ELN cytogenetic risk classification. The 2‐year nonrelapse mortality was 19% for Haplo, 18% for 10/10 UD and 18% for 9/10 UD (P= .9). The relapse incidence was not significantly affected by donor source, with a 2‐year incidence of 27% for Haplo HSCT, 39% for 10/10 UD and 37% for 9/10 UD SCT (P= .3). We show comparable probabilities of leukemia‐free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) at 2 years among Haplo HSCT, 10/10 UD SCT and 9/10 UD SCT (53% and 59%, 43% and 50%, 44% and 50%, respectively,P= .5 for both parameters). The type of donor was not significantly associated with either acute or chronic graft‐vs.‐host disease incidence. Using multivariable Cox model, Haplo HSCT recipients experienced comparable OS and LFS to 10/10 and 9/10 UD. In the present series of adverse cytogenetics AML patients in CR1, Haplo HSCT recipients had comparable outcomes to those of 10/10 and 9/10 UDs, suggesting that all these types of HSCT may be considered a valid option in this high risk population.
A Discussion of citations from the perspective of the contribution of the cited paper to the citing paper
Authors: Fang Hui
Published: July 2018

To more reasonably allocate a paper's credit, this article argues that both a paper's authors and references contribute to a given paper. Accordingly, we quantitatively represent the proportion of contributions from each author and reference to a paper. A paper's credit can be allocated among its authors and references based on their contributions. All papers carry innate credit because of publication. If cited, they also carry external credit from the citing papers. The proportion of a paper's credit allocated to references can be regarded as a credit output and serves as an input for these references. In this scenario, only the credit assigned to a paper's authors remains as the paper's deserved credit. The credit of papers can be transferred in a direction opposite that of knowledge diffusion. Via this method, the estimate of an individual reference's contribution incorporates content‐based citation analysis, a promising method to differentiate different citations. A paper's deserved credit represents the contribution of the paper's authors to the scientific community via the new knowledge they provide in the paper. Therefore, it is rational to evaluate papers according to their deserved credit, not the credit they carry.
Synthesis of the Bicyclic Lactone Core of Leonuketal, Enabled by a Telescoped Diels–Alder Reaction Sequence
Authors: Grant Phillip S. , Brimble Margaret A. , Furkert Daniel P.
Published: July 2018

The Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction has become established as a fundamental approach for the preparation of complex natural products; however, successful application of the intermolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction to the synthesis of particularly congested scaffolds remains surprisingly problematic. Inspired by the terpenoid spiroketal natural product leonuketal, a challenging telescoped reaction sequence has been realized to access the core [2.2.2]‐bicyclic lactone ring system and its [3.2.1] isomer. Our four‐step, protecting‐group‐free process required detailed investigation to circumvent the problems of adduct fragmentation and intermediate instability. Successful solution of these practical issues, along with unambiguous structural determination of the target structures, provide useful insights that will facilitate future applications of the Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction to challenging, highly congested molecular scaffolds and ongoing synthetic efforts towards this natural product.
Unprecedented Selenium and Lanthanide Simultaneously Bridging Selenotungstate Aggregates Stabilized by Four Tetra‐vacant Dawson‐like {Se2W14} Units
Authors: Li Hai‐Lou , Liu Ya‐Jie , Li Ya‐Min , Chen Li‐Juan , Zhao Jun‐Wei , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: July 2018

In the presence of the larger [H2N(CH3)2]+ and K+ counter cations as structure‐stabilizing agents, a class of unprecedented selenium and lanthanide (Ln) simultaneously bridging tetra‐vacant Dawson‐like selenotungstate aggregates [H2N(CH3)2]2Na9K2H19{[Ln4W4 Se4O22(H2O)5](Se2W14O52)2}2⋅60 H2O [Ln=TbIII (1), DyIII (2), HoIII (3), ErIII (4), TmIII (5), YbIII (6)] have been obtained by the one‐pot assembly reaction of Na2WO4⋅2 H2O, Ln(NO3)3⋅6 H2O, and Na2SeO3 under moderately acidic aqueous conditions and the complexes were structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. It should be noted that the appropriate molar ratio of Se/W is extremely important in the formation of 1–6 and can effectively ameliorate the yield of 1–6. Moreover, dimethylamine hydrochloride is also indispensable and plays a considerably important role in improving the solubility of Ln ions and stabilizing the structures of 1–6. The main polyoxoanion skeletons of 1–6 are constructed from two sandwich‐type tetra‐vacant Dawson‐like {[Ln4W4Se4O22(H2O)5](Se2W14O52)2}16− half‐units linked through two W‐O‐Ln bridges. The sandwich‐type half‐unit comprises two tetra‐vacant Dawson‐like [Se2W14O52]12− fragments encapsulating a unique dodecanuclear Se‐Ln‐W [Ln4W4Se4O22(H2O)5]8+ oxo cluster. Their solid‐state visible and NIR fluorescent properties and lifetime decay behaviors were measured and their solid‐state luminescent spectra mainly demonstrate the characteristic emission bands of Ln3+ ions. Moreover, the dominant wavelengths, the color purity, and correlated color temperatures of 1–5 have been also calculated. In addition, the luminous flux values of 1–5 are 2031, 6992, 3071, 921, and 477 lumen, respectively.
A multilevel latent Markov model for the evaluation of nursing homes' performance
Authors: Montanari Giorgio E. , Doretti Marco , Bartolucci Francesco
Published: July 2018

The periodic evaluation of health care services is a primary concern for many institutions. We consider services provided by nursing homes with the aim of ranking a set of these structures with respect to their effect on resident health status. Since the overall health status is not directly observable, and given the longitudinal and multilevel structure of the available data, we rely on latent variable models and, in particular, on a multilevel latent Markov model where residents and nursing homes are the first and the second level units, respectively. The model includes individual covariates to account for resident characteristics. The impact of nursing home membership is modelled through a pair of random effects affecting the initial distribution and the transition probabilities between different levels of health status. Through the prediction of these random effects we obtain a ranking of the nursing homes. Furthermore, the proposed model accounts for nonignorable dropout due to resident death, which typically occurs in these contexts. The motivating dataset is gathered from the Long Term Care Facilities programme, a health care protocol implemented in Umbria (Italy). Our results show that differences in performance between nursing homes are statistically significant.
Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Temperature programmed reduction—TPR
Authors: Pirola Carlo , Galli Federico , Patience Gregory S.
Published: July 2018

Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) characterizes the oxido‐reduction properties of bulk and supported catalysts. or CO passes over a pre‐conditioned solid sample as a furnace ramps the temperature at a constant rate. A thermal conductivity detector (TCD) or mass spectrometer records the effluent concentration. In the pre‐conditioning step, Ar or He flushes residual air and absorbed water from the solid sample to maximize the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the TCD signal. We calculate the number of active sites based on the detector signal that correlates with how much hydrogen reacts. The temperature at which it begins to react represents the minimum activation temperature. TPR is cheap, fast, easy to run, and the data is straightforward to interpret. The technique is more popular with chemical engineers than with the broader scientific community. Among the 27 articles that Can. J. Chem. Eng. published in 2016 and 2017 that apply TPR to analyze catalysts, 22 mention reactors, 20 report XRD spectra, 18 mention gas chromatography, and another 15 quantify surface area by BET. Synergy with other temperature programmed methods is lower, as only 5 mention temperature programmed desorption, 5 thermal gravimetric analysis, and 3 temperature programmed oxidation.
Compositional Effects and Electron Lone‐pair Distortions in Doped Bournonites
Authors: Khabibullin Artem R. , Wei Kaya , Huan Tran D. , Nolas George S. , Woods Lilia M.
Published: July 2018

Bornite materials are naturally occurring systems composed of earth‐abundant constituents. Bournonite, a representative of this class of materials, is of interest for thermoelectric applications due to its inherently low thermal conductivity, which has been attributed to the lattice distortions due to stereochemically active electron lone pair distributions. In this computational and experimental study, we present analyses of the lattice structure, electron and phonon dynamics, and charge localization and transfer properties for undoped and Ni and Zn doped bournonites. The results from our simulations reveal complex relations between bond length and bond angle characteristics, chemical bonding, and charge transfer upon doping. Analysis of the experimental results indicate that a microscopic description for bournonite and its doped compositions is necessary for a complete understanding of these materials, as well as for effective control of the transport properties for targeted applications.
Delivery of Fluorescent Probes Using Streptolysin O for Fluorescence Microscopy of Living Cells
Authors: Teng Kai Wen , Ren Pin , Selvin Paul R.
Published: July 2018

Methods to efficiently deliver fluorophores across the cell membrane are crucial for imaging the dynamics of intracellular proteins using fluorescence. Here we describe a simple protocol for permeabilizing living cells using streptolysin O, a bacterial toxin, which allows transient uptake of fluorescent probes for labeling specific intracellular proteins. The technique is applicable for delivering different classes of fluorescent probes with a molecular weight of <150 kDa, and it is also applicable to a variety of different cell lines. The technique enables the utilization of a broad range of fluorophores for live cell imaging of intracellular proteins. Extended observation of intracellular fluorescence bound to specific proteins is now possible through super‐resolution microscopy by using fluorophores that are photostable in “cell‐friendly” deoxygenating and reducing conditions. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Genetic diversity and parasite facilitated establishment of the invasive signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) in Great Britain
Authors: Robinson Chloe Victoria , Garcia de Leaniz Carlos , James Joanna , Cable Joanne , Orozco‐terWengel Pablo , Consuegra Sofia
Published: July 2018

Successful establishment of non‐native species is strongly influenced, among other factors, by the genetic variation of founding populations, which can be enhanced by multiple introductions through admixture. Coexisting pathogens can also facilitate the establishment of non‐native species by detrimentally impacting on the native fauna acting as novel weapons. The signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) is a highly invasive species, which has caused mass declines of native crayfish in Europe through displacement and transmission of the oomyceteAphanomyces astaci(crayfish plague), which is typically lethal to native European crayfish. However, whetherAphanomyces astacimay have facilitated the invasion of the signal crayfish is not known. We estimated the genetic diversity at microsatelliteDNAloci, effective population size, and potential origins of seven infected and noninfected signal crayfish populations in Europe and one founder population in North America. Approximate Bayesian computation analysis and population structuring suggested multiple host introductions from diverse source populations, as well as higher heterozygosity among infected than uninfected populations, which could reflect a fitness advantage. Low effective population size, moderate heterozygosity, and lack of isolation by distance suggest that some invasive signal crayfish populations may not be fully established or that their genetic diversity may have been reduced by eradication attempts.
Effects of increased N and P availability on biomass allocation and root carbohydrate reserves differ between N‐fixing and non‐N‐fixing savanna tree seedlings
Authors: Varma Varun , Catherin Arockia M. , Sankaran Mahesh
Published: July 2018

In mixed tree‐grass ecosystems, tree recruitment is limited by demographic bottlenecks to seedling establishment arising from inter‐ and intra‐life‐form competition, and disturbances such as fire. Enhanced nutrient availability resulting from anthropogenic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition can alter the nature of these bottlenecks by changing seedling growth and biomass allocation patterns, and lead to longer‐term shifts in tree community composition if different plant functional groups respond differently to increased nutrient availability. However, the extent to which tree functional types characteristic of savannas differ in their responses to increased N and P availability remains unclear. We quantified differences in above‐ and belowground biomass, and root carbohydrate contents in seedlings of multiple N‐fixing and non‐N‐fixing tree species characteristic of Indian savanna and dry forest ecosystems in response to experimental N and P additions. These parameters are known to influence the ability of plants to compete, as well as survive and recover from fires. N‐fixers in our study were co‐limited by N and P availability, while non‐N‐fixers were N limited. Although both functional groups increased biomass production following fertilization, non‐N‐fixers were more responsive and showed greater relative increases in biomass with fertilization than N‐fixers. N‐fixers had greater baseline investment in belowground resources and root carbohydrate stocks, and while fertilization reduced root:shoot ratios in both functional groups, root carbohydrate content only reduced with fertilization in non‐N‐fixers. Our results indicate that, even within a given system, plants belonging to different functional groups can be limited by, and respond differentially to, different nutrients, suggesting that long‐term consequences of nutrient deposition are likely to vary across savannas contingent on the relative amounts of N and P being deposited in sites.
Amino acid‐specific δ15N trophic enrichment factors in fish fed with formulated diets varying in protein quantity and quality
Authors: Nuche‐Pascual M. Teresa , Lazo Juan Pablo , Ruiz‐Cooley Rocío I. , Herzka Sharon Z.
Published: July 2018

Compound‐specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of amino acids (AAs) in consumer tissues is a developing technique with wide‐ranging applications for identifying nitrogen (N) sources and estimating animal trophic level. Controlled experiments are essential for determining which dietary conditions influence variability in N stable isotopes (δ15N) trophic enrichment factors in bulk tissue (TEFbulk) and AAs (TEFAA). To date, however, studies have not independently evaluated the effect of protein quantity and quality (digestibility) on TEFs, complicating the application of AA‐δ15N values for estimating trophic levels. We conducted a 98‐d feeding experiment using five formulated isoenergetic feeds prepared with a high‐quality protein source to evaluate the effect of protein quantity and quality on TEFs of liver and muscle tissues of juvenile Pacific yellowtail (Seriola lalandi), a carnivorous fish species. We decreased protein digestibility using well‐established protocols that do not change AA profiles. Growth rates were higher in diets with higher protein content, and isotopic equilibrium was reached for both fish tissues and all treatments. Protein quantity and quality influenced isotope discrimination depending on tissue type and AA. In liver tissue, bulk TEFs showed a limited but significant relationship with protein quality, but did not differ with protein quantity or quality in muscle. None of the pre‐established source AAs (Lys, Met, Phe, and Gly) TEFs varied significantly with protein quantity or quality in liver tissue. However, in muscle tissue, TEFPhe increased significantly with protein content and decreased in response to reduced digestibility, indicating it may not serve as proxy for baseline isotopic values used to calculate trophic level. Among trophic AAs, TEFLeu decreased significantly with increasing protein quantity in liver tissue, while both Leu and Ile TEFs decreased with lower protein digestibility in muscle tissue. Our results indicate that CSIA‐AA in liver tissue provides more robust source and trophic AA‐δ15N values than in muscle.
Diversity and abundance of macro‐invertebrates on abandoned cattle kraals in a semi‐arid savanna
Authors: Muvengwi Justice , Chikorowondo Gift , Mbiba Monicah , Gandiwa Edson
Published: July 2018

Abandoned cattle (Bos taurus) kraals are sources of habitat heterogeneity in dystrophic semi‐arid African savannas with a strong positive effect on soil nutrients and plant productivity. However, little is known regarding how macro‐invertebrate assemblages vary between abandoned kraals and the surrounding savanna matrix. We tested whether herbaceous biomass and basal and aerial covers and soil nutrients have an effect on aboveground and belowground macro‐invertebrate assemblages. Twelve abandoned kraals were contrasted with their paired control plots for soil characteristics, herbaceous productivity, and macro‐invertebrate assemblages in Save Valley Conservancy, Zimbabwe. Abandoned kraals had significantly higher concentrations of soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) as well as herbaceous biomass and basal and aerial covers than control plots. Both aboveground and belowground macro‐invertebrate species richness were higher on abandoned kraals. However, only belowground macro‐invertebrate diversity (Shannon H′ and Hill number 1) was significantly higher on abandoned kraals. Soil nutrients and herbaceous productivity had positive and significant correlations with the dominant taxa (Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Isoptera, and Myriapoda) on abandoned kraals. These results add to the growing body of evidence that abandoned kraals exert significant effects on savanna spatial heterogeneity years later, with implications on ecosystem processes and functioning.
Power, pitfalls, and potential for integrating computational literacy into undergraduate ecology courses
Authors: Farrell Kaitlin J. , Carey Cayelan C.
Published: July 2018

Environmental research requires understanding nonlinear ecological dynamics that interact across multiple spatial and temporal scales. The analysis of long‐term and high‐frequency sensor data combined with simulation modeling enables interpretation of complex ecological phenomena, and the computational skills needed to conduct these analyses are increasingly being integrated into graduate student training programs in ecology. Despite its importance, however, computational literacy—that is, the ability to harness the power of computer technologies to accomplish tasks—is rarely taught in undergraduate ecology classrooms, representing a major gap in training students to tackle complex environmental challenges. Through our experience developing undergraduate curricula in long‐term and high‐frequency data analysis and simulation modeling for two environmental science pedagogical initiatives, Project EDDIE (Environmental Data‐Driven Inquiry and Exploration) and Macrosystems EDDIE, we have found that students often feel intimidated by computational tasks, which is compounded by the lack of familiarity with software (e.g., R) and the steep learning curves associated with script‐based analytical tools. The use of prepackaged, flexible modules that introduce programming as a mechanism to explore environmental datasets and teach inquiry‐based ecology, such as those developed for Project EDDIE and Macrosystems EDDIE, can significantly increase students’ experience and comfort levels with advanced computational tools. These types of modules in turn provide great potential for empowering students with the computational literacy needed to ask ecological questions and test hypotheses on their own. As continental‐scale sensor observatory networks rapidly expand the availability of long‐term and high‐frequency data, students with the skills to manipulate, visualize, and interpret such data will be well‐prepared for diverse careers in data science, and will help advance the future of open, reproducible science in ecology.