bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Study on the Operation of the EU/KIT TE34,19-Mode Coaxial-Cavity Gyrotron at 170/204/238 GHz
Authors: Ruess Tobias , Avramidis Konstantinos , Gantenbein Gerd , Illy Stefan , Ioannidis Zisis , Jin Jianbo , Kalaria Parth , Pagonakis Ioannis Gr. , Ruess Sebastian , Rzesnicki Tomasz , Thumm Manfred , Jelonnek John
Published: March 2019

The 170 GHz 2 MW TE34,19-mode coaxial-cavity modular short-pulse pre-prototype gyrotron at KIT was recently modified in order to verify the multi-megawatt coaxial-cavity technology at longer pulses. In parallel, theoretical investigations on a possibility to operate the 170 GHz TE34,19-mode coaxial-cavity prototype at multiple frequencies up to 238 GHz have been started, with a goal to find a configuration at which the tube could operate in the KIT FULGOR gyrotron test facility using the new 10.5 T SC magnet. This paper indicates which adjustments have to be made and show the feasibility of the multi-frequency operation. Small modifications at the gyrotron cavity will support an RF output power of more than 2 MW at 170/204 GHz. Furthermore, a new gyrotron launcher has been designed capable of producing a Gaussian microwave beam with a Gaussian mode content of more than 96% at these frequencies.
The German National Reference Centre for Authentic Food (NRZ-Authent)
Authors: Matthäus Bertrand , Willenberg Ina , Engert Stefan , Steinberg Pablo
Published: March 2019

The present report describes the establishment, structure and objectives of the recently established German National Reference Center for Authentic Food (NRZ-Authent). The NRZ-Authent is completely integrated into the Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), the Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food in Germany. Various different departments of MRI have a long experience regarding the analysis of the quality of food in general and the testing of food authenticity in particular. Therefore, a close interaction between these food-related departments and the NRZ-Authent is a basic requirement for the successful work of this newly created centre. The addressees of the NRZ-Authent are the official food authorities and laboratories in the German states. In this context, the NRZ-Authent will establish a platform for providing quick access to updated, reliable and consistent technical data, research findings, new techniques and expertise necessary for the correct application of European Union legislation. The MRI has been working on the authenticity of edible oils for a number of years now, and some examples of this successful work are presented.
Changes in Liver and Spleen Stiffness by Virtual Touch Quantification Technique after Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration of Gastric Varices and Exacerbation of Esophageal Varices: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Takuma Yoshitaka , Morimoto Youichi , Takabatake Hiroyuki , Tomokuni Junko , Sahara Akiko , Matsueda Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Hiroshi
Published: March 2019

Purpose To assess liver stiffness (LS) and spleen stiffness (SS) values measured by virtual touch quantification (VTQ) technique in the monitoring of portal pressure and their usefulness for the prediction of the exacerbation of esophageal varices (EV) in patients with gastric varices undergoing balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO).

Materials and Methods The LS, SS, and hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) were measured in 20 patients both before and after B-RTO. The change in each parameter between the two groups (EV exacerbation and non-exacerbation groups) was compared by analysis of variance. The efficacy of the parameters for the prediction of the exacerbation of EV was analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results 9 patients (40.9 %) exhibited an exacerbation of EV within 24 months after B-RTO. Signiﬁcant changes were observed in the HVPG and SS after B-RTO between the two groups (EV exacerbation group vs. non-exacerbation group: HVPG before 12.7 ± 4.4 mmHg vs. 11.0 ± 4.4 mmHg; HVPG after 19.6 ± 6.0 mmHg vs. 13.6 ± 3.1 mmHg P = 0.003; SS before 3.40 ± 0.50 m/s vs. 3.20 ± 0.51 m/s; SS after 3.74 ± 0.53 m/s vs. 3.34 ± 0.43 m/s P = 0.016). However, no signiﬁcant changes in LS were observed between the two groups. The area under the ROC curves of elevation in HVPG and SS for the prediction of the exacerbation of EV after B-RTO were 0.833 and 0.818, respectively.

Conclusion Elevation of the HVPG and SS measured by VTQ after B-RTO was useful for the prediction of the exacerbation of EV.
Psychoonkologie
Authors: Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja , Lehmann-Laue Antje
Published: March 2019

Krebs gehört zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen bei Erwachsenen. Trotz einer weltweit steigenden Inzidenz überleben viele Menschen heute die Krankheit. Die multimodalen Therapien, die das Leben verlängern, beeinträchtigen die Lebensqualität von Patienten. Überleben bedeutet deshalb für viele Betroffene auch ein Leben mit körperlichen und psychosozialen Folgeproblemen. Die Psychoonkologie bietet eine evidenzbasierte Versorgung für Patienten und Angehörige an.
Adherence to post-polypectomy surveillance guidelines: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Djinbachian Roupen , Dubé Anne-Julie , Durand Madeleine , Camara Louopou Rosalie , Panzini Benoit , Bouchard Simon , von Renteln Daniel
Published: March 2019

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major worldwide cause of cancer-related mortality. Colonoscopy programs based on guideline-recommended surveillance intervals have been put in place to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with CRC. We were interested to evaluate clinical practice adherence to guideline-recommended surveillance intervals, the potential extent of early repeat colonoscopies, and causes of nonadherence to guideline recommendations.

Methods We performed a literature search for articles reporting on guideline adherence for surveillance colonoscopies. Exclusion criteria included inflammatory bowel disease and hereditary CRC syndrome cohorts. Primary outcome was correct interval assignment in patients undergoing surveillance colonoscopy. Groups were assessed for adherence according to their respective guideline recommendations (North American or European).

Results 16 studies were included in the analysis. The mean colonoscopy surveillance interval adherence rate was 48.8 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 37.3 – 60.4). For North American guidelines, surveillance interval assignments were adherent to guideline recommendations in 44.7 % (95 %CI 24.2 – 66.3) of patients after detection of low risk lesions and in 54.6 % (95 %CI 41.4 – 67.4) after detection of high risk lesions. For European guidelines, surveillance interval assignments were adherent to recommendations in 24.4 % (95 %CI 1.1 – 63.4) of patients after detection of low risk lesions and in 73.6 % (95 %CI 35.5 – 98.8) after detection of high risk lesions.

Conclusions The worldwide adherence to surveillance colonoscopy guidelines was low, with more than 50 % of patients undergoing repeat colonoscopies either too early or too late. Early repeat colonoscopies occurred with the highest frequency for patients in whom only hyperplastic polyps or low risk adenomas were found.
Synthesis of 3-Amino-1,5-benzodiazepine-2-one Derivatives from Dehydroalanine Derivatives
Authors: Obara Nobuhiro , Watanabe Takeshi , Asakawa Tomohiro , Kan Toshiyuki , Tanaka Takao
Published: March 2019

A convenient method was developed for synthesizing 3-amino-1,5-benzodiazepine-2-one derivatives via a Michael addition reaction of o-phenylenediamine with dehydroalanine HFI or HOBt ester derivatives (HFI = 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl; HOBt = 1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-ol monohydrate), followed by cyclization. Interestingly, the regio- and diastereoselectivities were confirmed by comparing the HFI and HOBt esters. These simple methods were used to synthesize various N-substituted 3-amino-1,5-benzodiazepine-2-one derivatives in good yields.
Controlled-Coupling of Quinone Monoacetals by New Activation Methods: Regioselective Synthesis of Phenol-Derived Compounds
Authors: Kamitanaka Tohru , Morimoto Koji , Dohi Toshifumi , Kita Yasuyuki
Published: March 2019

We have studied for a long time the reaction of quinone acetal type compounds, such as quinone monoacetals, quinone O,S-acetals, and iminoquinone monoacetals, and have reported the regioselective introduction of various nucleophiles. Quinone monoacetals show various types of reactivities toward nucleophiles due to their unique structures. In this study, we found that aromatic and alkene nucleophiles can be regioselectively introduced into the α-position of the carbonyl group on quinone monoacetals by specific activation of the acetal moiety. These reactions enabled the metal-free synthesis of highly functionalized aromatic compounds by the regioselective introduction of nucleophiles. In this account, we describe our recent studies of the coupling of quinone monoacetals.

1 Introduction

2 Regioselective Introduction of Aromatic Nucleophiles into α-Position of Carbonyl

2.1 Biaryl Synthesis by Introduction of Aromatic Nucleophiles

2.2 Synthesis of Terphenyls and Oligoarenes by Iterative Coupling

2.3 Synthesis of Phenol Cross-Coupling Products

3 [3+2] Coupling with Alkene Nucleophiles

3.1 Development of Efficient [3+2] Coupling

3.2 Improvement of Brønsted Acid Promotor

4 Synthesis of α-Aryl Carbonyl Compounds Triggered by Silyl Transfer

5 Utilization of o-Quinone Monoacetals

6 Application to Iminoquinone Monoacetals

7 Conclusion
Kinetic Studies on Guanidine-Superbase-Promoted Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone
Authors: Yuan Ruiting , Shou Qinghui , Mahmood Qaiser , Xu Guangqiang , Sun Xitong , Wan Jiaqi , Wang Qinggang
Published: March 2019

The kinetics of the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone with butane-1,4-diol as the initiator and 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene as catalyst were examined. A highly efficient and controllable polymerization of ε-caprolactone occurred with an activation energy of 22.5 kJ·mol–1, which is much lower than that observed with butan-1-ol as the initiator (39.5 kJ·mol–1). An intramolecular hydrogen-bonding-assisted mechanism is proposed to explain this lowering of the activation energy.
Microwave-Assisted Cyclization of Unprotected Dipeptides in Water to 2,5-Piperazinediones and Self-Assembly Study of Products­ and Reagents
Authors: Kurbasic Marina , Semeraro Sabrina , Garcia Ana M. , Kralj Slavko , Parisi Evelina , Deganutti Caterina , De Zorzi Rita , Marchesan Silvia
Published: March 2019

Dipeptides and their cyclized 2,5-piperazinedione (or diketopiperazine, DKP) derivatives are attractive building blocks for supra­molecular hydrogels. The Phe-Phe, (p-nitro)-Phe-Phe, and Phe-Val dipeptides and their corresponding DKPs are studied for self-assembly in water. The DKPs were obtained in high yields by microwave-assisted cyclization­ of the dipeptides in water, demonstrating that use of their methyl ester derivatives as reported in the literature is not necessary for successful cyclization. Single-crystal XRD structures are reported for two DKPs as well as stable hydrogels at neutral pH.
Processamento caseiro de congelamento e descongelamento por microondas e sua relação com o conteúdo de vitaminas e minerais (revisando o uso de microondas e congelamento)
Authors: Kachani Adriana , Castro Georgia , Fisberg Mauro
Published: March 2019

Revisamos um artigo de 2004 no qual avaliamos perdas vitamínicas e minerais utilizando congelamento e o uso de microondas. O congelamento é a maneira mais natural de conservação dos alimentos, pois não produz alterações sensoriais quando os alimentos já estão pré-cozidos e cozidos. Entretanto, se os alimentos estiverem ainda crus, o congelamento deve ser conduzido o mais rápido possível, para evitar a formação de cristais de gelo que possam romper com a estrutura do alimento e alterar sua textura, sabor, cor, e até mesmo o odor. O congelamento também poderá impedir e/ou reduzir a ação de microrganismos, do oxigênio e de enzimas que poderiam acelerar o processo de degradação, sempre que for manipulado com condições higiênico-sanitárias adequadas. O forno microondas utiliza micro radiação—radiação de ondas curtas e de baixa frequência—para esquentar a comida. Ele faz com que as moléculas de água presentes nos alimentos vibrem, assim gerando calor, que se espalha em torno das moléculas dos alimentos, aquecendo-as e cozinhando-as.( Komaroff, 2015) Sabe-se hoje que o aquecimento rápido proporcionado pelo forno de microondas é um dos menos danosos aos nutrientes. Isso se dá porque quanto mais tempo se leva para cozinhar os alimentos, maior a chance de se “quebrar”, desnaturar ou desestabilizar os nutrientes. O fato de não haver necessidade de acrescentar água para o cozimento dos alimentos também faz com que as vitaminas hidrossolúveis sejam preservadas. Portanto, não há perdas evidentes e importantes de minerais e vitaminas com o uso destas técnicas.
Liver Cancer Gene Discovery Using Gene Targeting, Sleeping Beauty, and CRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Kieckhaefer Julia , Maina Flavio , Wells Rebecca , Wangensteen Kirk
Published: March 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a devastating and prevalent cancer with limited treatment options. Technological advances have enabled genetic screens to be employed in HCC model systems to characterize genes regulating tumor initiation and growth. Relative to traditional methods for studying cancer biology, such as candidate gene approaches or expression analysis, genetic screens have several advantages: they are unbiased, with no a priori selection; can directly annotate gene function; and can uncover gene–gene interactions. In HCC, three main types of screens have been conducted and are reviewed here: (1) transposon-based mutagenesis screens, (2) knockdown screens using RNA interference (RNAi) or the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and (3) overexpression screens using CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) or cDNAs. These methods will be valuable in future genetic screens to delineate the mechanisms underlying drug resistance and to identify new treatments for HCC.
Ab initio quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics method with periodic boundaries employing Ewald summation technique to electron-charge interaction: Treatment of the surface-dipole term
Authors: Kawashima Y. , Ishimura K. , Shiga M.
Published: March 2019

We have developed a combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method with periodic boundary condition (PBC) treatment of explicit electron-charge interactions in a theoretically rigorous manner, for an accurate description of electronic structures for molecules in the condensed phase. The Ewald summation technique is employed for the calculation of the one-electron Hamiltonian in an ab initio framework. We decompose the Coulomb interactions into two components: those within the same cell and those between different cells. The former is calculated in the same way as the conventional QM/MM calculation for isolated systems; this article focuses on our novel method for calculating the latter type of Coulomb interactions. The detailed formulation of the Hamiltonian of this new QM/MM-PBC method, as well as the necessary one-electron integrals and their gradients, is given. The novel method is assessed by applying it to the dilute water system and a system with a coumarin molecule in water solvent; it successfully reproduces the electronic energies, frontier orbital energies, and Mulliken population charge of the real-space limit calculated by QM/MM using large isolated systems. We investigated the contribution from each term of the Hamiltonian and found that the surface-dipole term in the Ewald summation technique is indispensable for QM/MM-PBC calculations. The newly developed QM/MM-PBC method is promising for tackling chemical reactions and excited states of molecules in the condensed phase.
Strong electron-phonon coupling in superconducting bismuth nanoparticles
Authors: Gandhi Ashish Chhaganlal , Gaikwad Shrikrushna Shivaji , Peng Jen-Chih , Wang Chin-Wei , Chan Ting Shan , Wu Sheng Yun
Published: March 2019

We report on the nanosized effect on superconducting properties of Bi nanoparticles (NPs) that extracted from the temperature and applied magnetic field dependent magnetization measurements of bismuth NPs, and revealed an enhanced TC and stronger coupling strength because of increased density of state and softened phonons ωln. A strong electron-phonon coupling (λep = 1.639) to low-lying phonons (ωln = 58 K) is found to be the leading mechanism behind the observed superconductivity with an enhanced TC ∼ 8.22 K and a strong superconducting coupling strength of α = 2.32(1) of 15 nm Bi NPs. Our results are well described by the Allen and Dynes formula within the framework of the McMillan formalism and are in agreement with the Ginzburg-Landau theory calculations.
Analytical analyses of the effect of filled karst cavern on tunnel lining structure under complex geological conditions
Authors: Lv Jianbing , Li Xulong , He Yiwu , Fu Helin , Yin Yingmei
Published: March 2019

In this study, based on the elastic foundation beam theory, a local elastic foundation model has been developed. Using the model, the mechanical characteristics of the effect of tunnel-filled karst on the lining structure has been investigated. Incorporating the characteristic of the karst area, the formulas for the displacement, bending moment, and shear force of an equivalent beam have been derived. By applying the formulas to a beam under different working conditions, such as different cavern sizes and different compression modulus ratios of the filling media, analyses of the mechanical states have been carried out. The results show that if the compression modulus ratio of different filling media is close to unity, the effect of the cave on the lining structure is very small. On the other hand, if the ratio is much less than unity, the effect is more significant. The effect on the stability of the lining structure is greater for the larger caves, and smaller for the smaller caves. For the tunnel bottom equivalent beam, its bending point is at the point where the cave is in contact with the surrounding rock. Further, the maximum shear force is at the contact surface. For a beam that is closer to the karst, the displacement is larger. Under this situation, the beam section is in an adverse force state and prone to cracks. The results from this study can be used as a significant guide for the design, maintenance and construction of a tunnel which has a cavern at the base of the tunnel.
Weak surface electron-phonon coupling in the topological insulator Bi2Se3 nanoparticles revealed by electron spin resonance
Authors: Lee Yeo Jin , Lee Kyu Won , Choi Dong Min , Jeon G. W. , Kim D. W. , Lee Cheol Eui
Published: March 2019

Hydrogen-doping of Bi2Se3 nanoparticles has provided a rare opportunity to study the surface state of a topological insulator by means of electron spin resonance (ESR) and static magnetization measurements. As a result, a weak surface electron-phonon coupling in the topological insulator Bi2Se3 nanoparticles was revealed by ESR signals that were attributed to the surface conduction electrons.
Effective yet reliable computation of hyperfine coupling constants in solution by a QM/MM approach: Interplay between electrostatics and non-electrostatic effects
Authors: Giovannini Tommaso , Lafiosca Piero , Chandramouli Balasubramanian , Barone Vincenzo , Cappelli Chiara
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we have extended to the calculation of hyperfine coupling constants, the model recently proposed by some of the present authors [Giovannini et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput. 13, 4854–4870 (2017)] to include Pauli repulsion and dispersion effects in Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) approaches. The peculiarity of the proposed approach stands in the fact that repulsion/dispersion contributions are explicitly introduced in the QM Hamiltonian. Therefore, such terms not only enter the evaluation of energetic properties but also propagate to molecular properties and spectra. A novel parametrization of the electrostatic fluctuating charge force field has been developed, thus allowing a quantitative reproduction of reference QM interaction energies. Such a parametrization has been then tested against the prediction of EPR parameters of prototypical nitroxide radicals in aqueous solutions.
Construction of finite rate surface chemistry models from pulsed hyperthermal beam experimental data
Authors: Swaminathan-Gopalan Krishnan , Stephani Kelly A.
Published: March 2019

A general approach for constructing finite rate surface chemistry models using time-of-flight (TOF) distribution data acquired from pulsed hyperthermal beam experiments is presented. First, a detailed study is performed with direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) to analyze the TOF distributions corresponding to several types of reaction mechanisms occurring over a wide temperature range. This information is used to identify and isolate the products formed through different reaction mechanisms from TOF and angular distributions. Next, a procedure to accurately calculate the product fluxes from the TOF and angular distributions is outlined. Finally, in order to derive the rate constant of the reactions within the system, the inherent transient characteristic of the experimental pulsed beam set up must be considered. An analysis of the steady-state approximation commonly used for deriving the rate constants reveals significant differences in terms of the total product composition. To overcome this issue, we present a general methodology to derive the reaction rate constants, which takes into account the pulsed setup of the beam. Within this methodology, a systematic search is performed through the rate constant parameter space to obtain the values that provide the best agreement with experimentally observed product compositions. This procedure also quantifies the surface coverage that corresponds to the rates of product formation. This approach is applied to a sample system: oxidation reaction on vitreous carbon surfaces to develop a finite-rate surface chemistry model. Excellent agreement is observed between the developed model and the experimental data, thus showcasing the validity of the proposed methodologies.
Low-temperature tunable radio-frequency resonator for sensitive dispersive readout of nanoelectronic devices
Authors: Ibberson David J. , Ibberson Lisa A. , Smithson Geoff , Haigh James A. , Barraud Sylvain , Gonzalez-Zalba M. Fernando
Published: March 2019

We present a sensitive, tunable radio-frequency resonator designed to detect reactive changes in nanoelectronic devices down to dilution refrigerator temperatures. The resonator incorporates GaAs varicap diodes to allow electrical tuning of the resonant frequency and the coupling to the input line. We find a resonant frequency tuning range of 8.4 MHz at 55 mK that increases to 29 MHz at 1.5 K. To assess the impact on performance of different tuning conditions, we connect a quantum dot in a silicon nanowire field-effect transistor to the resonator and measure changes in the device capacitance caused by cyclic electron tunneling. At 250 mK, we obtain an equivalent charge sensitivity of 43 μe/Hz when the resonator and the line are impedance-matched and show that this sensitivity can be further improved to 31 μe/Hz by re-tuning the resonator. We understand this improvement by using an equivalent circuit model and demonstrate that for maximum sensitivity to capacitance changes, in addition to impedance matching, a high-quality resonator with low parasitic capacitance is desired.
The statistical data on microdischarges of the surface dielectric barrier discharge unit based on aluminum nitride barrier
Authors: Lazukin Alexander , Chernyshev Timofey , Krivoruchko Dariya
Published: March 2019

A new mathematical processing method for current signals from surface dielectric barrier discharge in conditions of high noise is suggested. This technique is based on the analysis of isolated microdischarge parameters: charge transfer, impulse duration, and voltage/phase, followed by statistical analysis. Research was carried out on surface dielectric barrier discharge units with a copper thin corona electrode on a 1 mm aluminum nitride barrier. Four modes with the corresponding rms-voltages of 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, and 2.4 kV were considered. Distributions of microdischarge parameters and overall phase characteristics were collected.
Influence of phenylethylammonium iodide as additive in the formamidinium tin iodide perovskite on interfacial characteristics and charge carrier dynamics
Authors: Horn Jonas , Scholz Mirko , Oum Kawon , Lenzer Thomas , Schlettwein Derck
Published: March 2019

A combined electrical and time-resolved optical investigation of the perovskite formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) and its phenylethylammonium (PEA) derivative PEA0.08FA0.92SnI3, which recently achieved a power conversion efficiency of 9%, is presented to study the specifics of contact characteristics and charge carrier dynamics. Microstructured gold electrode arrays were used to investigate the charge transport across a metal-perovskite interface and through micrometers of the perovskite films. Symmetrical contact configuration enabled detailed polarization studies. Hysteresis in the current-voltage characteristics and a corresponding current-time behavior indicated limitations by charge transfer in the contacts. Hysteresis was less pronounced in PEA0.08FA0.92SnI3 compared with FASnI3. This is explained by a 2-dimensional interlayer at the contacts, which leads to decreased field-induced migration of ions at the contact. Carrier recombination in the bulk of FASnI3 films, however, was only slightly modified by the presence of PEA. Femtosecond broadband transient absorption experiments up to 1.5 ns provided rate constants for the Auger and bimolecular recombination processes in FASnI3 of k3 = 1 × 10−29 cm6 s−1 and k2 = 3.1 × 10−10 cm3 s−1, respectively. In PEA0.08FA0.92SnI3, no significant differences in k2 and an only slightly increased k3 = 2 × 10−29 cm6 s−1 were measured. In extension to previous photoluminescence studies, we found efficient cooling of hot carriers by coupling to optical phonons (τcop = 0.5 ps), which is even faster than in lead perovskites.
Influence of screening dynamics on excitons in Ga2O3 polymorphs
Authors: Bechstedt Friedhelm , Furthmüller Jürgen
Published: March 2019

Exciton binding energies EB measured for α- and β-Ga2O3 crystals seem to be not explainable in the Wannier-Mott picture. However, we demonstrate theoretically that including screening dynamics and effective mass anisotropy, reasonable values EB = 184 meV (α) or 230 meV (β) are derived. Since the binding energies are larger than the phonon frequencies, the exciton formation is so fast that only about 5% of the lattice polarizability contributes to the screening of the electron-hole attraction. Effective dielectric constants possess values between the complete static ones and the electronic high-frequency dielectric constants. They indeed depend on the polymorph.
Mechanism of non-steady Petschek-type reconnection with uniform resistivity
Authors: Shibayama Takuya , Kusano Kanya , Miyoshi Takahiro , Bhattacharjee Amitava
Published: March 2019

The Sweet-Parker and Petschek models are well-established magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) models of steady magnetic reconnection. Recent findings on magnetic reconnection in high-Lundquist-number plasmas indicate that Sweet-Parker-type reconnection in marginally stable thin current sheets connecting plasmoids can produce fast reconnection. By contrast, it has proven difficult to achieve Petschek-type reconnection in plasmas with uniform resistivity because sustaining it requires localization of the diffusion region. However, Shibayama et al. [Phys. Plasmas 22, 100706 (2015)] recently noted that Petschek-type reconnection can be achieved spontaneously in a dynamical manner even under uniform resistivity through what they called dynamical Petschek reconnection. In this new type of reconnection, Petschek-type diffusion regions can be formed in connection with plasmoids. In this paper, we report the results of two-dimensional resistive MHD simulation with uniform resistivity, undertaken to determine the diffusion region localization mechanism under dynamical Petschek reconnection. Through this modeling, we found that the separation of the X-point from the flow stagnation point (S-point) plays a crucial role in the localization of the diffusion region because the motion of the X-point is restricted by the strong flow emanating from the flow stagnation point. This mechanism suggests that dynamical Petschek reconnection is possible even in large systems such as the solar corona.
Mode-coupling theory for the steady-state dynamics of active Brownian particles
Authors: Szamel Grzegorz
Published: March 2019

We present a theory for the steady-state dynamics of a two-dimensional system of spherically symmetric active Brownian particles. The derivation of the theory consists of two steps. First, we integrate out the self-propulsions and obtain a many-particle evolution equation for the probability distribution of the particles’ positions. Second, we use the projection operator technique and a mode-coupling-like factorization approximation to derive an equation of motion for the density correlation function. The nonequilibrium character of the active system manifests itself through the presence of a steady-state correlation function that quantifies spatial correlations of microscopic steady-state currents of the particles. This function determines the dependence of the short-time dynamics on the activity. It also enters into the expression for the memory matrix and thus influences the long-time glassy dynamics.
Self-powered room temperature broadband infrared photodetector based on MoSe2/germanium heterojunction with 35 A/W responsivity at 1550 nm
Authors: Dhyani Veerendra , Das Mrinmay , Uddin Wasi , Muduli Pranaba Kishor , Das Samaresh
Published: March 2019

A highly efficient room temperature photodetector with broadband (400 nm–1800 nm) photoresponse based on the MoSe2/Ge heterojunction has been reported here. The fabricated MoSe2/Ge heterojunction exhibits high responsivity up to 24 A/W in the near-infrared wavelength range (750 nm) and 35 A/W in the short wavelength infrared range (1550 nm). The interfacial charge transfer at the Ge-MoSe2 heterojunction enables self-powered photo-detection in fabricated devices with zero bias responsivity values of 250 mA/W (750 nm) and 400 mA/W (1550 nm). Transient photoresponse measurements of the MoSe2/Ge heterojunction under the modulated light reveal that the devices are capable of working up to 20 kHz with a fast rise/fall time of 13.5/1.2 μsec. These results demonstrate the feasibility of achieving a high-performance photodetector derived from the MoSe2/Ge heterojunction for broadband infrared detection.
Apparent auxetic to non-auxetic crossover driven by Co2+ redistribution in CoFe2O4 thin films
Authors: Ferreiro-Vila Elias , Iglesias Lucia , Lucas del Pozo Irene , Varela-Dominguez Noa , Bui Cong Tinh , Rivas-Murias Beatriz , Vila-Fungueiriño Jose M. , Jimenez-Cavero Pilar , Magen Cesar , Morellon Luis , Pardo Victor , Rivadulla Francisco
Published: March 2019

Oxide spinels of general formula AB2O4 (A = Mg2+, Fe2+; B = Al3+, Cr3+, etc.) constitute one of the most abundant crystalline structures in mineralogy. In this structure, cations distribute among octahedral and tetrahedral sites, according to their size and the crystal-field stabilization energy. The cationic arrangement determines the mechanical, magnetic, and transport properties of the spinel and can be influenced by external parameters like temperature, pressure, or epitaxial stress in the case of thin films. Here, we report a progressive change in the sign of the Poisson ratio, ν, in thin films of CoFe2O4, defining a smooth crossover from auxetic (ν < 0) to non-auxetic (ν > 0) behavior in response to epitaxial stress and temperature. Microstructural and magnetization studies, as well as ab initio calculations, demonstrate that such unusual elastic response is actually due to a progressive redistribution of Co2+ among the octahedral and tetrahedral sites of the spinel structure. The results presented in this work clarify a long standing controversy about the magnetic and elastic properties of Co-ferrites and are of general applicability for understanding the stress-relaxation mechanism in complex crystalline structures.
Recovery of electroluminescence in electron-only organic light-emitting diode by inserting a thin MoO3 layer at Bphen/NPB interface
Authors: Yu A. R. , Tang Y. J. , Zeng Q. , Liu S. B. , Hou X. Y. , Zhong G. Y.
Published: March 2019

An electron-only device was realized by using 20 nm Bphen layer to modify ITO anode in NPB/AlQ3 heterojunction organic light-emitting diode (OLED). Different from the usual application as an anode buffer layer, up to 10 nm thick MoO3 layer was inserted at Bphen/NPB interface to recover the electroluminescence (EL). Interfacial charge generation and transport are suggested as the mechanism of such luminescence recovery. Experimental results showed that mobile holes generated in NPB transported to NPB/AlQ3 interface, resulting in light-emitting, while electrons in MoO3 transported to ITO anode through Bphen layer under continuous current condition. The suggested mechanism explains how inserted MoO3 layer modifies Bphen/NPB interface.
Tungsten deposits facilitate oxidation of the NiAl(110) surface
Authors: Meyer Thomas , Nilius Niklas
Published: March 2019

The alumina film formed by oxidation of NiAl(110) has gained enormous attention as a surface-science compatible model system for a crystalline and atomically flat oxide surface. A main disadvantage is its small thickness of only 0.5 nm that limits possible uses in catalytic studies at elevated temperature and pressure. This work demonstrates how small amounts of tungsten pre-deposited onto the NiAl surface modify the oxidation characteristic. Oxidizing the surface at 850 K in the presence of W particles increases the film thickness to 2.5 nm, a value that rises to more than 5 nm at 1050 K oxidation temperature. Thickness, stoichiometry, and morphology of the thickened alumina films are analyzed in detail by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron-diffraction, and scanning tunneling microscopy. The promoted oxide formation is ascribed to the unique redox properties of tungsten that stabilizes O2 molecules from the gas phase and produces active oxygen species for further reaction.
Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Mason John
Published: March 2019

The technological revolution in farming practices has allowed us to clear and cultivate more land, grow plants and animals faster, and kill a greater variety of pests and diseases than ever before. Unfortunately, these efficiencies are proving to be unsustainable in the long term and have created problems such as soil structural decline, erosion, salinity, soil acidification, loss of fertility, nutrient loading of waterways, dams and a build up of chemical residues.

This book is about foreseeing and understanding such problems and addressing them before it is too late. John Mason examines all these problems and explains the concepts and long-term benefits of sustainable farming systems such as permaculture, biodynamics, organic farming, agroforestry, conservation tillage, and integrated hydroculture.

Sustainable Agriculture 2nd Edition also looks at important issues such as monoculture versus polyculture, the use of hybrids, selection criteria for plants and stock, integrated pest management and preparing a farm for droughts and floods. Other areas examined include diversifying into farm tourism and value adding before selling produce.
Horse Sense
Authors: Huntington Peter , Myers Jane , Owens Elizabeth
Published: March 2019

Horse Sense provides an in-depth guide to horse care under conditions unique to Australia and New Zealand. It is written in an easy-to-read style to appeal to novices as well as experienced owners and covers all aspects of horse care and management.
This edition provides the latest information on new feeds and supplements, techniques for handling horses, safe riding, and treating injuries, diseases, worms and other pests. The book also incorporates the latest standards and guidelines for the welfare of horses.
One-Pot Synthesis of Core–Shell Structured Metal–Organic Coordination Polymer Microspheres with a Hierarchical Microporous–Mesoporous–Macroporous Structure
Authors: Zhou Yafang , Xu Yingxi , Guo Jianyu , Zhang Siyong , Lu Yan
Published: March 2019

New core–shell structured metal–organic coordination polymer (CP) microspheres with a hierarchical microporous–mesoporous–macroporous structure are synthesized by a one-pot template-free method. The ligand L with a Schiff-base functional group is obtained by reacting 3-hydroxy-4-aminobenzoic acid with para-benzaldehyde. The coordination polymer microspheres (Zn-L-CP) are obtained by mixing the ligand L and zinc nitrate hexahydrate together under hydrothermal conditions. The resultant coordination polymer microspheres with a core–shell structure are characterized by FT-IR and solid state NMR spectroscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements. The obtained Zn-L-CP microspheres are proved to be effective heterogeneous catalysts for the deacetylation reaction with the merits of easy recycling and stability. The yield is 96% when using methanol as solvent, and the yield can remain at 90% after seven cycles.
Changes in the probability of larvae crossing the North Atlantic during the 20th century
Authors: Rodríguez-Díaz Laura , Álvarez Inés , Gómez-Gesteira Moncho , Santos Fran
Published: March 2019

Lagrangian trajectories of passive particles were simulated using velocity fields provided by the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation model to determine changes in their probability of crossing the North Atlantic Ocean during the period 1899–2010. Particles were released in the Straits of Florida, where the Gulf Stream is the main driving force. The results showed that eddy kinetic energy increased along the Gulf Stream path, which enhanced connectivity across the Atlantic. The time for water parcels (passive tracers) to cross the North Atlantic Ocean has shortened in the past century, with a minimum crossing period of 6–7 months and a decreasing trend ranging from –0.15 to –0.40 months per decade.
Connectivity of the seagrass Zostera muelleri within south-eastern Australia
Authors: Stafford-Bell R. E. , van Dongen W. F. D. , Robinson R. W. , Chariton A. A.
Published: March 2019

Contemporary oceanic conditions and local dispersal of propagules influence the genetic diversity and connectivity among seagrass populations. The degree of connectivity between populations of Zostera muelleri in south-eastern Australia is unknown. In this study we examined genetic connectivity among 25 sites containing Z. muelleri using nine polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci. We hypothesised minimal sharing of genetic material between distant populations and a degree of connectivity between local populations. Genotypic diversity was high, with 64% of populations having unique multilocus genotypes (MLGs), indicating the importance of sexual reproduction. Two sites shared MLGs, which may be due to the dispersal and recruitment of vegetative propagules. Genetic differentiation was observed between most sites. With the exception of two outlying sites, two genetic population clusters were identified across the studied populations. Regionally, the populations have high clonal diversity, are strongly differentiated and generally exist in isolation from one another. However, non-significant within-estuary differentiation was observed for three estuaries, indicating a degree of connectivity. The results of this research improve our understanding of the connectivity of Z. muelleri populations in the region, an important process for managing this ecosystem engineer.
Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) Measures of Alcohol and Drug Treatment Initiation and Engagement among People Living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Patients without an Hiv Diagnosis
Authors: Hechter Rulin C. , Horberg Michael A. , Weisner Constance , Campbell Cynthia I. , Contreras Richard , Chen Lie-Hong , Yarborough Bobbi Jo H. , Lapham Gwen T. , Haller Irina V. , Ahmedani Brian K. , Binswanger Ingrid A. , Kline-Simon Andrea H. , Satre Derek D.
Published: March 2019

Background

Problematic use of alcohol and other drugs (AOD) is highly prevalent among people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), and untreated AOD use disorders have particularly detrimental effects on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outcomes. The Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) measures of treatment initiation and engagement are important benchmarks for access to AOD use disorder treatment. To inform improved patient care, we compared HEDIS measures of AOD use disorder treatment initiation and engagement and health care utilization among PLWH and patients without an HIV diagnosis.

Methods

Patients with a new AOD use disorder diagnosis documented between October 1, 2014, and August 15, 2015, were identified using electronic health records (EHR) and insurance claims data from 7 health care systems in the United States. Demographic characteristics, clinical diagnoses, and health care utilization data were also obtained. AOD use disorder treatment initiation and engagement rates were calculated using HEDIS measure criteria. Factors associated with treatment initiation and engagement were examined using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results

There were 469 PLWH (93% male) and 86,096 patients without an HIV diagnosis (60% male) in the study cohort. AOD use disorder treatment initiation was similar in PLWH and patients without an HIV diagnosis (10% vs. 11%, respectively). Among those who initiated treatment, few engaged in treatment in both groups (9% PLWH vs. 12% patients without an HIV diagnosis). In multivariable analysis, HIV status was not significantly associated with either AOD use disorder treatment initiation or engagement.

Conclusions

AOD use disorder treatment initiation and engagement rates were low in both PLWH and patients without an HIV diagnosis. Future studies need to focus on developing strategies to efficiently integrate AOD use disorder treatment with medical care for HIV.
Allometric equations for aboveground biomass estimation of
Diospyros abyssinica
(Hiern) F. White tree species
Authors: Daba Damena Edae , Soromessa Teshome
Published: March 2019

Introduction
: Quantifying forest biomass requires the application of allometric equations which is a fundamental step. Generalized allometric equations have been applied to quantify aboveground biomass (AGB) of forests. But, adopting generalized allometric equations to quantify AGB of different forests creates uncertainty. Therefore, developing species- and site-specific allometric equations is essential to accurately quantify the biomass. The study was aimed to develop species-specific allometric equations for
Diospyros abyssinica
(Hiern) F. White in Yayu Coffee Forest Biosphere Reserve using the Semi-destructive method. The vegetation types of Yayu Coffee Forest Biosphere Reserve is categorized to Moist Evergreen Montane Rainforest of Ethiopia.

Results and discussion
: Evaluating statistical relationships of AGB against predictor variables, eight allometric equations were formulated. AGB was regressed against trunk diameter (D), total height (H), and wood density (ρ) individually and in combination. Selection of allometric equations was employed using model performance statistics. Equations with a higher coefficient of determination (adjusted
R
2
), lower residual standard error, and Akaike information criterion (AIC) values were found best-fitted. Relationships of AGB and independent variables were found statistically significant (
p
 < 0.000). Overall, formulating species- and site-specific allometric equations is significant for accurate estimation of forest biomass and carbon stock budget.
THE DURATION AND EXTENT OF INDUCED RESISTANCE TOWARD TUMOR TRANSPLANTATION IN MICE
Authors: Woglom William H.
Published: March 2019

In Volume XVI, Number 5, page 632, line 2, for "Table I to VI" read "Tables I to VII." On page 634, for "Table V" and "Table VI" read "Table VI" and "Table VII."
A Theory of Epistemic Risk
Authors: Babic Boris
Published: March 2019

I propose a general alethic theory of epistemic risk according to which the riskiness of an agent’s credence function encodes her relative sensitivity to different types of graded error. After motivating and mathematically developing this approach, I show that the epistemic risk function is a scaled reflection of expected inaccuracy (a quantity also known as generalized information entropy). This duality between risk and information enables us to explore the relationship between attitudes to epistemic risk, the choice of scoring rules in epistemic utility theory, and the selection of priors in Bayesian epistemology more generally (including the Laplacean principle of indifference).
Are There Teleological Functions to Compute?
Authors: Mollo Dimitri Coelho
Published: March 2019

I analyze a tension at the core of the mechanistic view of computation generated by its joint commitment to the medium independence of computational vehicles and to computational systems possessing teleological functions to compute. While computation is individuated in medium-independent terms, teleology is sensitive to the constitutive physical properties of vehicles. This tension spells trouble for the mechanistic view, suggesting that there can be no teleological functions to compute. I argue that, once considerations about the relevant function-bestowing factors for computational systems are brought to bear, the tension dissolves: physical systems can have the teleological function to compute.
Incest, Incest Avoidance, and Attachment: Revisiting the Westermarck Effect
Authors: Wilson Robert A.
Published: March 2019

This article defends a version of the Westermarck Effect, integrating existing clinical, biological, and philosophical dimensions to incest avoidance. By focusing on care-based attachment in primates, my formulation of the effect suggests the power of a phylogenetic argument widely accepted by primatologists but not by cultural anthropologists. Identifying postadoption incest as a phenomenon with underexplored evidential value, the article sketches an explanatory strategy for reconciling the effect with the clinical reality of incest, concluding with an explicit argument against culture-first or conventionalist accounts of incest avoidance prevalent in anthropology.
A novel detector system for KATRIN to search for keV-scale sterile neutrinos
Authors: Mertens Susanne , Alborini Antonio , Altenmüller Konrad , Bode Tobias , Bombelli Luca , Brunst Tim , Carminati Marco , Fink David , Fiorini Carlo , Houdy Thibaut , Huber Anton , Korzeczek Marc , Lasserre Thierry , Lechner Peter , Manotti Michele , Peric Ivan , Radford David C , Siegmann Daniel , Slezák Martin , Valerius Kathrin , Wolf Joachim , Wüstling Sascha
Published: March 2019

Sterile neutrinos appear in minimal extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics. If their mass is in the keV regime, they are viable dark matter candidates. One way to search for sterile neutrinos in a laboratory-based experiment is via the analysis of β-decay spectra, where the new neutrino mass eigenstate would manifest itself as a kink-like distortion of the β-decay spectrum. The objective of the TRISTAN project is to extend the KATRIN setup with a new multi-pixel silicon drift detector system to search for a keV-scale sterile neutrino signal. In this paper we describe the requirements of such a new detector, and present first characterization measurement results obtained with a 7 pixel prototype system.