bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O ensino de desenho em livros de educação artística na década de 1970: nova área, velho conteúdo?
Authors: Osinski Dulce Regina Baggio , Cunha Amanda Siqueira Torres
Published: November 2020

Este artigo problematiza o ensino de desenho por meio do estudo de livros didáticos específicos para a Educação Artística, editados na década de 1970 a partir da promulgação da Lei Federal nº 5.692/71, que tornou obrigatório o ensino da nova área nos currículos escolares. Para tanto, as relações entre texto, imagem e suporte material serão tensionadas a partir das reflexões de Roger Chartier (1990, 2001). Como fontes, selecionamos as coleções Comunicação pela Arte (1973-1980) e Educação Artística (1975-1978). Também foram considerados manuais de desenho geométrico em circulação antes da instituição da obrigatoriedade da educação artística na escola, além de documentos oficiais, como leis, pareceres do Ministério de Educação e Cultura (MEC) e indicações do Conselho Federal de Educação (CFE). Os livros analisados são marcados por uma remodelação material que incluiu a presença de imagens de tipologias diversas e o uso de uma linguagem mais direta e próxima do aluno, apresentando o ensino de desenho não mais meramente como especialidade técnica, mas articulado com outros campos das artes visuais, como a gravura, a pintura e a história da arte. Apontam igualmente para a persistência da disciplina na cultura escolar, bem como de temas de caráter técnico ou decorativo, porém com nova configuração, buscando contemplar uma concepção de arte mais ampla, incluindo a comunicação visual.
A constituição do Sujeito-Mãe nos livros didáticos de matemática da Educação do Campo
Authors: Neto Vanessa Franco , Guida Angela Maria
Published: November 2020

Este artigo descreve a constituição do que foi aqui denominado ‘sujeito-mãe’ a partir da análise de dez livros didáticos de matemática, produzidos para os anos iniciais de escolas do campo no Brasil. Esse material compõe duas coleções aprovadas no Programa Nacional do Livro Didático Campo, o PNLD Campo. As teorizações foucaultianas acerca da análise do discurso amparam a descrição e análise de um conjunto de endereçamentos que incidem sobre um corpo como performance cultural do feminino. Os excertos, imagens, atividades e exercícios trazidos replicam práticas estilizadas que inscrevem o sujeito-mãe por meio de discursividades direcionadas a um corpo com marcas de gênero específicas: o feminino. Desse modo, os dados mostraram que o currículo de matemática materializa narrativas bem elaboradas que se valem dos conteúdos dessa disciplina escolar, a fim de replicar e constituir um conjunto de valores e moralidades, com substancial status de verdade, que acabam por orientar os modos de ser e agir desse corpo que se vê e é visto como feminino.
Experiência do encontro na educação infantil: interações, brincadeiras e espaços
Authors: Branco Jordanna Castelo , Corsino Patrícia
Published: November 2020

Este texto analisa parte do material produzido no âmbito da pesquisa de doutorado de uma das autoras, que teve como objetivo discutir a avaliação de contexto e a qualidade educativa na pré-escola. Os eventos de pesquisa analisados foram produzidos a partir de observações e registro em caderno de campo e fotográfico durante a estada em quatro escolas italianas, três localizadas na região de Piemonte e uma na Lombardia, por ocasião do doutorado sanduíche, no segundo semestre de 2017. O texto está organizado em duas partes: interações e brincadeiras e os espaços como lugar de diálogo. Tem como pilares teóricos os estudos de Bakhtin (2003, 1992) e Vigotiski (2008). As fotografias e notas de caderno de campo apontaram a importância de o adulto sustentar as interações das crianças seja pela escuta atenta, seja na organização dos espaços. Conclui que cabe ao adulto o deslocamento de uma pedagogia transmissiva, centrada em conteúdos pré-estabelecidos e na explicação, para uma pedagogia participativa, dialógica, cujas propostas se dão nas interações com as crianças, na interlocução com suas curiosidades, desejos, necessidades.
Comunidade acadêmica feminina e a internacionalização na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (1973-2016)
Authors: Martins Joira Aparecida Leite de Oliveira Amorim , Ferreira Nilce Vieira Campos
Published: November 2020

Este artigo, com foco temático na história da educação feminina, tem por objetivo compreender como sobreveio a participação de mulheres nos processos de internacionalização da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT. Ao trazermos reflexões sobre processos de internacionalização vivenciados na instituição de educação superior federal, localizada na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil, fundada tardiamente no ano de 1970, analisamos a mobilização feminina internacional na instituição entre os anos de 1973 a 2016. Trazemos algumas reflexões a partir da análise de documentos institucionais tais como legislação, artigos científicos, páginas de web site e documentos oficiais coletados no acervo institucional. É compreensível que não houve uma política institucional definida para os processos de internacionalização, bem como inexiste, no perfil de seus partícipes, equidade de acesso. Identificamos, contudo, que mulheres participaram e contribuíram para os processos de internacionalização da UFMT. Possibilidades de atuações e oportunidades para mulheres, entretanto, ainda representam parcela ínfima nos movimentos de internacionalização. Para nós, claro está que uma instituição de ensino superior não pode prescindir de políticas públicas que incentivem a internacionalização, mas deve articular iniciativas viáveis e ações que promovam a equidade de acesso às políticas de internacionalização institucionais.
O direito à educação na perspectiva da pedagogia histórico-crítica e a educação especial
Authors: Eloy Adriana Cristina Morais , Coutinho Luciana Cristina Salvatti
Published: November 2020

Esse artigo insere-se o debate sobre o direito à educação dos alunos com deficiência atendidos na escola comum, a perspectiva da pedagogia histórico-crítica, cuja base é o materialismo histórico-dialético. Utilizando procedimentos de análise bibliográfica e documental (legislação), empreende-se uma reflexão histórico-educacional. A história da educação no Brasil evidencia um atendimento elitizado em detrimento daqueles que viviam (e vivem) do trabalho braçal. Na esteira da educação normalizada também se percebe, na história da educação especial, o início do acesso àqueles que pertenciam à elite. É somente na Constituição Federal de 1988 que se preconiza, no Brasil, a educação como direito, fruto de movimentos de lutas sociais, incluindo, aqui, os das pessoas com deficiência. Tendo como base o conceito de humanização, defende-se que o direito à educação, para ser efetivado, precisa garantir condições plenas de acesso às pessoas e às pessoas com deficiência à escolarização, entendida como o processo de transmissão-apropriação dos conhecimentos sistematizados histórica e coletivamente pela humanidade.
Produção científica em avaliação motora: análise bibliométrica sobre a utilização da Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor
Authors: Pimenta Ricardo Almeida , Silva Lorenna Walesca de Lima , Bianco Claudia Daniele , Camaroto Mauricio , Rosa Neto Francisco
Published: November 2020

A avaliação motora é essencial para acompanhamento do desenvolvimento infantil. No Brasil, a Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor (EDM) destaca-se como um instrumento de avaliação de crianças de 2 a 11 anos. O estudo teve como objetivo analisar a produção científica relacionada a utilização dessa escala através de uma análise bibliométrica, explorando dados nas publicações, autores e periódicos, com foco em indicadores e impactos científicos. Um total de 53 artigos foram considerados, selecionados nas bases de dados SciELO, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science e Portal de Periódicos CAPES. Como resultados, a produção científica aumentou a partir de 2010 e têm alcançado revistas nacionais e internacionais e publicações em três idiomas. As revistas com maior fator de impacto estão na área de medicina e as publicações contemplam profissionais da saúde e da educação. A rede de pesquisas envolve 32 Universidades com maior concentração em SC e SP. O autor da EDM e seus colaboradores institucionais são os que mais vezes publicaram com a escala. Por fim, os estudos têm focado na avaliação de crianças com transtornos do desenvolvimento ou dificuldades de aprendizagem.
Estudo preliminar: construção do inventário de habilidades sociais para alunos sem fala articulada
Authors: Quiterio Patricia Lorena , Nunes Leila Regina D'Oliveira de Paula , Gerk Eliane
Published: November 2020

O aluno com deficiência sem fala articulada pode apresentar dificuldade de expressar seus sentimentos e pensamentos de forma eficiente, prejudicando seu desenvolvimento acadêmico e social. Este estudo preliminar objetivou a construção e avaliação do Inventário de Habilidades Sociais para Alunos Sem Fala Articulada, construído com base no Sistema Multimídia de Habilidades Sociais para Crianças, na Escala de Assertividade e nos registros das observações diretas realizadas no ambiente escolar. A etapa inicial envolveu a construção dos 20 itens do instrumento em formato de pranchas com imagens que descrevem situações vivenciadas na escola e em outros contextos interativos por pessoas com deficiência. Como segunda etapa, desenvolveu-se um primeiro estudo experimental, em que quatro alunos de uma escola especial (M = 21; dp = 2,16) que apresentavam paralisia cerebral, sem fala articulada, responderam ao inventário. Na terceira etapa, realizou-se a análise da aplicação e modificação do instrumento. E na quarta etapa, em continuidade ao estudo experimental, oito alunos (M = 13,88; dp = 6,49) com as mesmas características responderam ao inventário. Para testar a validade do instrumento foi aplicado o Teste de Postos com Sinal de Wilcoxon (Ho para p≤ 0,02) ,comparando-se as respostas dos alunos com as das suas professoras, revelando resultados estatisticamente significantes. A construção do instrumento teve o propósito de uma análise semântica dos itens e a análise em relação à aplicabilidade, à funcionalidade e à acessibilidade correspondeu aos critérios. Além disso, as informações contribuirão para o planejamento e desenvolvimento de programas de promoção das habilidades sociais junto à população com deficiência.
A utilização do Plano de Desenvolvimento Individual por professores em Minas Gerais
Authors: Hudson Bruna Cristina da Silva , Borges Adriana Araújo Pereira
Published: November 2020

O Plano de Desenvolvimento Individual (PDI), ou Plano de Ensino Individualizado (PEI), é definido pela Secretaria de Estado da Educação de Minas Gerais (SEEMG) como um recurso obrigatório no processo de inclusão escolar dos alunos da Educação Especial, nas classes comuns de ensino. Apesar da importância do PDI e da obrigatoriedade de sua utilização nas escolas estaduais, é necessário compreender qual a percepção dos professores acerca de sua aplicação. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa tipo survey, com o uso de questionários que foram respondidos de forma online pelo público formado por professores regentes, professores de apoio, professores do Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE), diretores e especialistas da rede estadual de educação. Foram recebidas 1.286 respostas. Os resultados indicaram a necessidade de capacitação dos docentes para a utilização do PDI e do melhor preparo do especialista para conduzir o preenchimento e prestar assistência aos professores. Além disso, foram indicados no documento os pontos considerados confusos, complexos ou mal interpretados pelos profissionais e a necessidade de um estímulo para um trabalho colaborativo na execução da tarefa. A proposta curricular orientada pelo Projeto Político Pedagógico, a avaliação diagnóstica inicial do aluno, o planejamento pedagógico e a avaliação e correção de rumos foram os itens identificados como os mais problemáticos. Conclui-se que o PDI é um recurso importante para a promoção da acessibilidade curricular; no entanto, sua escrita e sua utilização requerem uma formação mais consistente por parte dos profissionais que atuam na escola, uma maior participação da família e de outros profissionais que acompanham a criança.
Discordance et discordances des temps.
Authors: Dellaï Sameh
Published: November 2020

Ce texte propose une lecture de Marx l’Intempestif de Daniel Bensaïd qui vise à aborder les tensions entre les temps et leurs désaccords, et ne peut finalement esquiver la logique bensaïdienne développée dans cet autre ouvrage La Discordance des Temps. Le vocabulaire et la logique du second ne sont pas étrangers au premier. On peut affirmer que Marx l’Intempestif paraît dans une certaine mesure comme la logique propre de La Discordance des Temps. Publiés presque la même année, ils sont en fin de compte deux jumeaux, deux vrais jumeaux.
Histoire ouverte et temporalités mêlées chez Daniel Bensaïd.
Authors: Tombazos Stavros
Published: November 2020

Daniel Bensaïd révèle un « autre » Marx, un Marx qui ne reproduit pas la « mécanique » de son temps dans son propre domaine d’investigation. L’histoire ne se réduit pas à une succession des modes de production. Elle n’est pas téléologique. Le présent est la temporalité dominante car il  comprend l’éventail des possibilités de l’évolution future, ainsi que les clefs ouvrant les coffres du passé. Le passé n’est pas une temporalité simplement disparue car il hante le présent. Il réapparait sous forme modifiée dans la modernité capitaliste, sous forme de « contretemps »,  d’ « anachronisme », d’ « irrégularité ». La modernité est un espace différencié et hiérarchisé des temporalités mêlées et discordantes. La durée ne fonctionne pas à la manière d’une cause mais à la manière d’une chance.  C’est dans ce contexte qu’il faut penser la révolution, qui n’est jamais « mure » : elle est par essence intempestive, elle intervient « entre déjà plus et pas encore ».  Le pari historique est un pari mélancolique : il s’agit toujours de ne pas accepter la défaite lui donnant ainsi un caractère définitif.
“Class Struggle is Not a Game”: Daniel Bensaïd’s Relational Conception of Class.
Authors: Arruzza Cinzia , King Patrick
Published: November 2020

While Daniel Bensaïd’s writings on Marxism, socialist strategy, and historical temporality have gained increased attention in the years since his passing, there remain relatively few accounts of his thinking on class. This article seeks to correct that gap by situating Bensaïd’s various texts on class theory in relation to other key reconceptualizations of class in the Marxist tradition that sought to avoid sociological determinism: E. P. Thompson’s lens of class formation and the Italian Workerists’ methodology of class composition. In tracing these connections, we argue that Bensaïd’s conception of class is at once historically grounded and attuned to the open-ended conflictuality and multiple terrains of class struggle.
Paleopatološka študija petih skeletov iz poznoantičnega grobišča pri Dravljah
Authors: Leskovar Tamara , Županek Bernarda
Published: November 2020

Proučevanje skeletnih ostankov v arheološkem kontekstu je izredno bogat vir informacij o človekovi preteklosti. Pri tem igra palopatologija posebno vlogo, saj pomembno dopolnjuje biološke profile posameznikov in demografsko sliko družbe. Kljub temu se dozdeva, da so paleopatološke študije v Sloveniji še precej redke. Prispevek z rezultati osteološke in paleopatološke analize petih skeletov poznoantičnega grobišča iz Dravelj je tako korak k zapolnjevanju te vrzeli.

Ob osnovnih bioloških profilih posameznikov raziskovalec opisuje opažene patološke in druge posebnosti na obravnavanih skeletih ter predstavi možne diagnoze. Kljub majhnemu številu analiziranih skeletnih ostankov se je namreč opazilo precej anomalij, ki na eni strani opozarjajo, kako paleopatološke študije prispevajo k razumevanju skupnosti ter hkrati odpirajo številna nova vprašanja. Poleg prirojenih skeletnih variacij, kot je denimo predrti olekranon ali nenavadno veliko število piramidalnih kočnikov, smo ugotovili tudi namensko preoblikovanje lobanje ter številne patološke spremembe, od neškodljivih tumorjev in težav z zobmi, morebitnih presnovnih bolezni in bakterijskih okužb do bolezni sklepov in osifikacije tkiv že v mladosti ter npr. nenavadno velikega števila primerov tortikolisa.

Ker se analiza omejuje le na pet skeletov, ne omogoča prenosa zaključkov na celotno populacijo. Očitno pa je, da so imeli ljudje v obravnavani skupnosti precej nenavadnih običajev, dosti zdravstvenih težav ali pa morda pripadajo različnim »etničnim« skupinam.
Early prosthetic rehabilitation of severe oligodontia with implant–retained overdenture: A case report
Authors: Zarkovic Gjurin Sonja , Ihan Hren Nataša , Tomaževič Tanja , Oblak Čedomir
Published: November 2020

Background: Ectodermal dysplasia is a rare hereditary disease, characterized by defects in the development of two to five tissues derived from the embryonic ectoderm. As a part of the manifestation, oligodontia can occur. The implant-prosthetic therapy at an early age is a unique solution for providing good orofacial functions and a satisfactory aesthetic appearance in accordance with the social and emotional maturity of the patient.

Case Presentation: The authors report the clinical case of a 8-year-old Caucasian boy with X - linked hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia and severe oligodontia (3 permanent and 3 deciduous teeth in the upper jaw and 1 permanent tooth in the lower jaw). In this patient, a functional rehabilitation with a conventional denture was not possible without the support of dental implants.

Conclusion: Inserting dental implants in the growing skeleton is still controversial. However, this approach was necessary for this patient with ectodermal dysplasia associated with severe oligodontia to restore oral function and appearance. A multidisciplinary approach was mandatory. It seems that with carefully determined time point of the implant insertion, properly chosen insertion site and full information of the patient and parents on all aspects of implant insertion and rehabilitation, this kind of rehabilitation might be a good option when other prosthetic means are not possible or have failed.
Vloga sistemskih antibiotikov pri izdrtju zoba pri bolnikih na antiresorptivni terapiji
Authors: Birk Anže , Sapundžiev Dime
Published: November 2020

Izhodišče: Antiresoptivna zdravila (ARZ) se uporabljajo za zdravljenje osteoporoze in kostnih pojavov pri nekaterih malignih boleznih. Zdravila zavirajo kostno razgradnjo in s tem ustrezno kostno remodelacijo. Ob oralnokirurškem posegu v ustni votlini, kot je izdrtje zoba, se lahko razvije z zdravili povzročena osteonekroza čeljustnic. Sama patogeneza še ni povsem pojasnjena, pomemben dejavnik pa je vnetje. Nanj bi lahko vplivali s sistemskimi antibiotiki po samem posegu. Osnovni namen raziskave je, ali uporaba antibiotika po izdrtju zoba pri bolnikih na zdravljenju z ARZ vpliva na pojavnost osteonekroze čeljustnic.

Metode: Retrospektivno smo pregledali dokumentacijo 94 bolnikov (83 žensk in 11 moških), ki so jim med letoma 2006 in 2015 izdrli zob na KO za maksilofacialno in oralno kirurgijo in so se zdravili z antiresoptivnimi zdravili. Izdrtje je potekalo po enotnem protokolu za preprečevanje razvoja nekroze čeljustnic. Pri 22 bolnikih smo po posegu uvedli jemanje sistemskega antibiotika. Bolnike smo redno kontrolirali. Rezultate smo statistično analizirali.

Rezultati: Osteonekroza čeljustnic se je razvila pri skupno 14 bolnikih (14,9 %). Pri 5 od 22 bolnikov, ki so prejeli sistemski antibiotik, se je razvila nekroza čeljustnice (22,7 %). Pri 9 od 72 bolnikih, ki niso prejeli sistemskega antibiotika, se je razvila nekroza (12,5 %). Skupna pojavnost osteonekroze čeljustnice ob prejemanju sistemskega antibiotika je 5,32 %. Uporaba antibiotične zaščite in obolevnost za MRONJ nista statistično značilno povezani (p > 0,05).

Zaključek: Potrebne so še dodatne sistemske raziskave, ki bodo dokončno potrdile patogenezo razvoja MRONJ in pomen bakterijskega vnetja v le-tej. Nato se bo lahko dokončno potrdila ali ovrgla tudi smiselnost uporabe sistemskih antibiotikov ob oralnokirurških posegih, posebej pri izdrtju zob pri bolnikih, ki se zdravijo z ARZ.
Nanobiotechnology in combating CoVid-19
Authors:   Department of Prostodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai – 600 077, India, Ganapathy Dhanraj
Published: November 2020

Emergence of novel pandemic viral disease CoVid-19 and its mutational behaviour are alarming. The potential use of nano-biotechnology in combating CoVid-19 is promising. We glean available data to explore such possibility in this short note.
Molecular docking analysis of HER-2 inhibitor from the ZINC database as anticancer agents
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology Unite, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Wali Sait Khalid Hussain
Published: November 2020

The human epidermal growth factor (HER2) is a transmembrane receptor that is highly expressed in breast cancer and in different other cancers. Therefore, it is of interest to identify the new HER2 inhibitors from a selected 300 compounds in the ZINC database. The top two hit compounds (ZINC000014780728 (-11.0 kcal/mol) and ZINC000014762512 (-10.8 kcal/mol)) showed a high affinity with HER2 relative to the reference compound (lapatinib (-10.2 kcal/mol)) for further consideration.
Promoting the Health of Parents & Children: Addressing Perinatal Mental Health by Building Medical Provider Capacity Through Perinatal Psychiatry Access Programs
Authors: Byatt Nancy , Bergman Aaron , Maslin Melissa C. T. , Straus John , Forkey Heather , Griffin Jessica L. , Griffen Adrienne , Moore Simas Tiffany
Published: November 2020

Mental health conditions are the most common obstetric complications of the perinatal period, impacting 1 in 5 individuals during pregnancy and the year following pregnancy. Perinatal mental health (PMH) conditions have deleterious effects on the health of perinatal individuals and their children, and are a leading and preventable cause of maternal mortality. Nevertheless, PMH conditions are underrecognized, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. To address these gaps, Massachusetts created the Massachusetts Child Psychiatry Access Program (MCPAP) for Moms to build the capacity of frontline medical providers to address PMH conditions by providing education, consultation, and resources and referrals. MCPAP for Moms has emerged as a successful and scalable model with at least 25 states or organizations implementing or developing similar Perinatal Psychiatry Access Programs.
Direct glia-to-neuron transdifferentiation gives rise to a pair of male-specific neurons that ensure nimble male mating
Authors: Molina-García Laura , Lloret-Fernández Carla , Cook Steven J , Kim Byunghyuk , Bonnington Rachel C , Sammut Michele , O'Shea Jack M , Gilbert Sophie PR , Elliott David J , Hall David H , Emmons Scott W , Barrios Arantza , Poole Richard J
Published: November 2020

Sexually dimorphic behaviours require underlying differences in the nervous system between males and females. The extent to which nervous systems are sexually dimorphic and the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate these differences are only beginning to be understood. We reveal here a novel mechanism by which male-specific neurons are generated inCaenorhabditis elegansthrough the direct transdifferentiation of sex-shared glial cells. This glia-to-neuron cell fate switch occurs during male sexual maturation under the cell-autonomous control of the sex-determination pathway. We show that the neurons generated are cholinergic, peptidergic, and ciliated putative proprioceptors which integrate into male-specific circuits for copulation. These neurons ensure coordinated backward movement along the mate’s body during mating. One step of the mating sequence regulated by these neurons is an alternative readjustment movement performed when intromission becomes difficult to achieve. Our findings reveal programmed transdifferentiation as a developmental mechanism underlying flexibility in innate behaviour.
A fully automated high-throughput workflow for 3D-based chemical screening in human midbrain organoids
Authors: Renner Henrik , Grabos Martha , Becker Katharina J , Kagermeier Theresa E , Wu Jie , Otto Mandy , Peischard Stefan , Zeuschner Dagmar , TsyTsyura Yaroslav , Disse Paul , Klingauf Jürgen , Leidel Sebastian A , Seebohm Guiscard , Schöler Hans R , Bruder Jan M
Published: November 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems have fueled hopes to bring about the next generation of more physiologically relevant high-throughput screens (HTS). However, current protocols yield either complex but highly heterogeneous aggregates (‘organoids’) or 3D structures with less physiological relevance (‘spheroids’). Here, we present a scalable, HTS-compatible workflow for the automated generation, maintenance, and optical analysis of human midbrain organoids in standard 96-well-plates. The resulting organoids possess a highly homogeneous morphology, size, global gene expression, cellular composition, and structure. They present significant features of the human midbrain and display spontaneous aggregate-wide synchronized neural activity. By automating the entire workflow from generation to analysis, we enhance the intra- and inter-batch reproducibility as demonstrated via RNA sequencing and quantitative whole mount high-content imaging. This allows assessing drug effects at the single-cell level within a complex 3D cell environment in a fully automated HTS workflow.
Walking Drosophila navigate complex plumes using stochastic decisions biased by the timing of odor encounters
Authors: Demir Mahmut , Kadakia Nirag , Anderson Hope D , Clark Damon A , Emonet Thierry
Published: November 2020

How insects navigate complex odor plumes, where the location and timing of odor packets are uncertain, remains unclear. Here we imaged complex odor plumes simultaneously with freely-walking flies, quantifying how behavior is shaped by encounters with individual odor packets. We found that navigation was stochastic and did not rely on the continuous modulation of speed or orientation. Instead, flies turned stochastically with stereotyped saccades, whose direction was biased upwind by the timing of prior odor encounters, while the magnitude and rate of saccades remained constant. Further, flies used the timing of odor encounters to modulate the transition rates between walks and stops. In more regular environments, flies continuously modulate speed and orientation, even though encounters can still occur randomly due to animal motion. We find that in less predictable environments, where encounters are random in both space and time, walking flies navigate with random walks biased by encounter timing.
The RIF1-long splice variant promotes G1 phase 53BP1 nuclear bodies to protect against replication stress
Authors: Watts Lotte P , Natsume Toyoaki , Saito Yuichiro , Garzon Javier , Dong Qianqian , Boteva Lora , Gilbert Nick , Kanemaki Masato T , Hiraga Shin-ichiro , Donaldson Anne D
Published: November 2020

Human cells lacking RIF1 are highly sensitive to replication inhibitors, but the reasons for this sensitivity have been enigmatic. Here, we show that RIF1 must be present both during replication stress and in the ensuing recovery period to promote cell survival. Of two isoforms produced by alternative splicing, we find that RIF1-Long alone can protect cells against replication inhibition, but RIF1-Short is incapable of mediating protection. Consistent with this isoform-specific role, RIF1-Long is required to promote the formation of the 53BP1 nuclear bodies that protect unrepaired damage sites in the G1 phase following replication stress. Overall, our observations show that RIF1 is needed at several cell cycle stages after replication insult, with the RIF1-Long isoform playing a specific role during the ensuing G1 phase in damage site protection.
Alcohol potentiates a pheromone signal in flies
Authors: Park Annie , Tran Tracy , Scheuermann Elizabeth A , Smith Dean P , Atkinson Nigel S
Published: November 2020

For decades, numerous researchers have documented the presence of the fruit fly orDrosophila melanogasteron alcohol-containing food sources. Although fruit flies are a common laboratory model organism of choice, there is relatively little understood about the ethological relationship between flies and ethanol. In this study, we find that when male flies inhabit ethanol-containing food substrates they become more aggressive. We identify a possible mechanism for this behavior. The odor of ethanol potentiates the activity of sensory neurons in response to an aggression-promoting pheromone. Finally, we observed that the odor of ethanol also promotes attraction to a food-related citrus odor. Understanding how flies interact with the complex natural environment they inhabit can provide valuable insight into how different natural stimuli are integrated to promote fundamental behaviors.
Protein phase separation and its role in tumorigenesis
Authors: Jiang Shan , Fagman Johan Bourghardt , Chen Changyan , Alberti Simon , Liu Beidong
Published: November 2020

Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, but the precise pathological mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis often remain to be elucidated. In recent years, condensates formed by phase separation have emerged as a new principle governing the organization and functional regulation of cells. Increasing evidence links cancer-related mutations to aberrantly altered condensate assembly, suggesting that condensates play a key role in tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize and discuss the latest progress on the formation, regulation, and function of condensates. Special emphasis is given to emerging evidence regarding the link between condensates and the initiation and progression of cancers.
DeepFRET, a software for rapid and automated single-molecule FRET data classification using deep learning
Authors: Thomsen Johannes , Sletfjerding Magnus Berg , Jensen Simon Bo , Stella Stefano , Paul Bijoya , Malle Mette Galsgaard , Montoya Guillermo , Petersen Troels Christian , Hatzakis Nikos S
Published: November 2020

Single-molecule Förster Resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is an adaptable method for studying the structure and dynamics of biomolecules. The development of high throughput methodologies and the growth of commercial instrumentation have outpaced the development of rapid, standardized, and automated methodologies to objectively analyze the wealth of produced data. Here we present DeepFRET, an automated, open-source standalone solution based on deep learning, where the only crucial human intervention in transiting from raw microscope images to histograms of biomolecule behavior, is a user-adjustable quality threshold. Integrating standard features of smFRET analysis, DeepFRET consequently outputs the common kinetic information metrics. Its classification accuracy on ground truth data reached >95% outperforming human operators and commonly used threshold, only requiring ~1% of the time. Its precise and rapid operation on real data demonstrates DeepFRET’s capacity to objectively quantify biomolecular dynamics and the potential to contribute to benchmarking smFRET for dynamic structural biology.
Mapping endothelial-cell diversity in cerebral cavernous malformations at single-cell resolution
Authors: Orsenigo Fabrizio , Conze Lei Liu , Jauhiainen Suvi , Corada Monica , Lazzaroni Francesca , Malinverno Matteo , Sundell Veronica , Cunha Sara Isabel , Brännström Johan , Globisch Maria Ascención , Maderna Claudio , Lampugnani Maria Grazia , Magnusson Peetra Ulrica , Dejana Elisabetta
Published: November 2020

Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a rare neurovascular disease that is characterized by enlarged and irregular blood vessels that often lead to cerebral hemorrhage. Loss-of-function mutations to any of three genes results in CCM lesion formation; namely, KRIT1, CCM2, and PDCD10 (CCM3). Here, we report for the first time in-depth single-cell RNA sequencing, combined with spatial transcriptomics and immunohistochemistry, to comprehensively characterize subclasses of brain endothelial cells (ECs) under both normal conditions and after deletion of Pdcd10 (Ccm3) in a mouse model of CCM. Integrated single-cell analysis identifies arterial ECs as refractory to CCM transformation. Conversely, a subset of angiogenic venous capillary ECs and respective resident endothelial progenitors appear to be at the origin of CCM lesions. These data are relevant for the understanding of the plasticity of the brain vascular system and provide novel insights into the molecular basis of CCM disease at the single cell level.
Tempo is the key
Authors: Celani Antonio
Published: November 2020

Walking flies find the source of attractive odors by changing how frequently they stop and turn in response to the smell.
Hallazgos incidentales de COVID-19 en tomografías PET/CT 18F-FDG de pacientes asintomáticos con cáncer en dos instituciones de salud de Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Martí Alejandro , Morón Sarai , González Eliana , Rojas Julián
Published: November 2020

La COVID-19 es la infección viral causada por el SARS-CoV-2 y declarada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) como pandemia. Los pacientes con cáncer tienen un mayor riesgo de adquirir la infección y un peor pronóstico, ya que deben asistir a visitas médicas en diferentes centros hospitalarios, reciben tratamientos médicos y quirúrgicos y deben someterse a estudios diagnósticos como la PET/CT en servicios de medicina nuclear, lo que es ocasión para el hallazgo incidental de la infección.Se presentan las imágenes de tomografías computarizadas por emisión de positrones con 18-fluorodesoxiglucosa (F18) (Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose, PET/CT F18-FDG) en las que se evidenció la COVID-19 en pacientes con diversas enfermedades oncológicas, pero sin sintomatología respiratoria.
Aislamiento y caracterización de una cepa temprana de SARS-CoV-2 durante la epidemia de 2020 en Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Díaz Francisco J. , Aguilar-Jiménez Wbeimar , Flórez-Álvarez Lizdany , Valencia Gladys , Laiton-Donato Katherine , Franco-Muñoz Carlos , Álvarez-Díaz Diego , Mercado-Reyes Marcela , Rugeles María Teresa
Published: November 2020

Introducción. El nuevo coronavirus causante de un brote de enfermedad respiratoria aguda en China en diciembre de 2019 se identificó como SARS-CoV-2. La enfermedad, denominada COVID-19, fue declarada pandemia por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). El primer caso de COVID-19 en Colombia se reportó el 6 de marzo de 2020; en este estudio se caracterizó un aislamiento temprano del virus SARS-CoV-2 de una muestra ecolectada en abril de 2020.Objetivos. Describir y caracterizar una cepa temprana a partir de un aislamiento de SARSCoV-2 durante la pandemia en Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvo una muestra de un paciente con COVID-19 confirmada por qRT-PCR; la muestra fue inoculada en diferentes líneas celulares hasta la aparición del efecto citopático. Para confirmar la presencia de SARS-CoV-2 en el cultivo, se utilizó la qRT-PCR a partir de los sobrenadantes, la inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) en células Vero-E6, así como microscopía electrónica y secuenciación de nueva generación (nextgeneration sequencing).Resultados. Se confirmó el aislamiento de SARS-CoV-2 en células Vero-E6 por la aparición del efecto citopático tres días después de la infección, así como mediante la qRT-PCR y la IFI positiva con suero de paciente convaleciente positivo para SARS-CoV-2. Además, en las imágenes de microscopía electrónica de trasmisión y de barrido de células infectadas se observaron estructuras compatibles con viriones de SARS-CoV-2. Por último, se obtuvo la secuencia completa del genoma, lo que permitió clasificar el aislamiento como linaje B.1.5.Conclusiones. La evidencia presentada en este artículo permite confirmar el primer aislamiento de SARS-CoV-2 en Colombia. Además, muestra que esta cepa se comporta en cultivo celular de manera similar a lo reportado en la literatura para otros aislamientos y que su composición genética está acorde con la variante predominante en el mundo. Finalmente, se resalta la importancia que tiene el aislamiento viral para la detección de anticuerpos, para la caracterización genotípica y fenotípica de la cepa y para probar compuestos con potencial antiviral.
Serum uric acid level is correlated with the clinical, pathological progression and prognosis of IgA nephropathy: an observational retrospective pilot-study
Authors: Lu Pingfan , Li Xiaoqing , Zhu Na , Deng Yuanjun , Cai Yang , Zhang Tianjing , Liu Lele , Lin Xueping , Guo Yiyan , Han Min
Published: November 2020

Objectives

This study was aimed to assess the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) level and the clinical, pathological phenotype of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and to determine the role of SUA level in the progression and prognosis of IgAN.

Methods

A total of 208 patients with IgAN were included in this study, and were classified into the normo-uricemia group and hyperuricemia group according to the SUA level. The clinical data at baseline, IgAN Oxford classification scores (MEST-C scoring system), and other pathological features were collected and further analyzed. All patients were followed up and the prognosis was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. GraphPad Prism 7.0 and SPSS 23.0 were used for statistical analyses.

Results

In clinical indicators, patients with hyperuricemia had the significantly higher proportion of males to females, mean arterial pressure, the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, Scr, BUN, 24 hour-urine protein, C3, and C4, the lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and eGFR than those without (p < 0.05). In terms of pathological characteristics, the tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis scores, vascular injury scores, and glomerular sclerosis percentage were significantly higher in patients with hyperuricemia compared with those without (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the scores of mesangial hypercellularity, endocapillary hypercellularity, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, as well as crescents between the two groups (p > 0.05). As for the depositions of immune complexes deposition in IgAN, the hyperuricemia group had less deposition of immunoglobulin G and FRA than the normo-uricemia group (p < 0.05), while the deposition of immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M, and complement C3 in the two groups showed no statistical difference. The survival curve suggested that patients in the hyperuricemia group have significantly poorer renal outcome than those in the normo-uricemia group (p = 0.0147). Results also revealed that the SUA level is a valuable predictor of renal outcome in patients with IgAN. The optimal cutoff value was 361.1 µmol/L (AUC = 0.76 ± 0.08167) and 614 µmol/L (AUC = 0.5728 ± 0.2029) for female and male, respectively.

Conclusions

The level of SUA is associated with renal function level and pathological severity of IgAN, and maybe a prognostic indicator of IgAN.
Projection of premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases for 2025: a model based study from Hunan Province, China, 1990–2016
Authors: Xu Qiaohua , Zhou Maigeng , Jin Donghui , Zeng Xinying , Qi Jinlei , Yin Li , Liu Yuan , Yin Lei , Huang Yuelong
Published: November 2020

Background

In 2011, the United Nations set a target to reduce premature mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by 25% by 2025. While studies have reported the target in some countries, no studies have been done in China. This study aims to project the ability to reach the target in Hunan Province, China, and establish the priority for future interventions.

Methods

We conducted the study during 2019–2020. From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, we extracted death data for Hunan during 1990–2016 for four main NCDs, namely cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes. We generated estimates for 2025 by fitting a linear regression to the premature mortality over the most recent trend identified by a joinpoint regression model. We also estimated excess premature mortality attributable to unfavorable changes over time.

Results

The rate of premature mortality from all NCDs in Hunan will be 19.5% (95% CI [19.0%–20.1%]) by 2025, with the main contributions being from CVD (8.2%, 95% CI [7.9%–8.5%]) and cancer (7.9%, 95% CI [7.8%–8.1%]). Overall, it will be impossible to achieve the target, with a relative reduction of 16.4%. Women may be able to meet the target except with respect to cancer, and men will not except with respect to chronic respiratory diseases. Most of the unfavorable changes have occurred since 2008–2009.

Discussion

More urgent efforts, especially for men, should be exerted in Hunan by integrating population-wide interventions into a stronger health-care system. In the post lock-down COVID-19 era in China, reducing the NCD risk factors can also lower the risk of death from COVID-19.
Identification and functional characterization of SlDronc in Spodoptera littoralis
Authors: Liu Hao , Zhou Ke , Yang Zhouning
Published: November 2020

Background

Apoptosis is responsible for eliminating damaged and virus-infected cells, regulating normal cell turnover, and maintaining the immune system’s development and function. Caspases play a vital role in both mammal and invertebrate apoptosis. Spodoptera littoralis is a generalist insect herbivore that is one of the most destructive pests in tropical and subtropical areas and attacks a wide range of commercially important crops. Although S. littoralis is a model organism in the study of baculovirus infection, its apoptotic pathway has not been explored.

Methods

We cloned a new caspase gene named sldronc in S. littoralis using Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE). We then measured caspase activity on synthetic caspase substrates and S. littoralis’ effector caspase. SlDronc’s function in the apoptotic pathway and its interaction with caspase inhibitors were also tested in SL2 cells.

Results

We found that the initiator caspase SlDronc cleaved and activated effector caspase in S. littoralis. SlDronc overexpression induced apoptosis in SL2 cells, and Sldronc knockdown decreased apoptosis induced by UV irradiation in SL2 cells. Our results indicate that SlDronc acts as an apoptotic initiator caspase in S. littoralis. Additionally, we found that processed forms of SlDronc increased in the presence of N-terminally truncated S. littoralis inhibitors of apoptosis (SlIAP) and that SlDronc was inhibited by P49. This study contributes to the further understanding of S. littoralis’ apoptotic pathway and may facilitate future studies on baculovirus infection-induced apoptosis.
ROLE OF VIRECHANA KARMA AND SHAMAN DRUGS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF VICHARCHIKA: A CASE STUDY
Authors: . Supriya , Kumar Yogesh , Bhatkoti Mayank , Sharma Uttam Kumar
Published: November 2020

All skin disease under the sunshade of the Kustha, in other word it can be listed as “Ayurvedic dermatology” in Ayurveda. It is not a vis-à-vis correlation but one can cover up all dermatological manifestations under 18 subtypes of Kustha. All Kustha are Tridoshaja, hence Vicharchika can be explained in similar manner. Vicharchika have greater correlation with eczema/dermatitis in modern science. Eczema is a condition where patches of skin become inflamed, itchy, red, cracked and rough. A case of 67 year old male patient, presented with Kandu, Daha, Srava, Vedana, Vaivarnya, Vrana etc lakshanas of Vicharchika on his Vama Hasta (Left hand) with reoccurrence, since last 2 years, patient was tired of a lot of medicines, visited to Gurukul Campus, U.A.U, Haridwar for further treatment. Patient was treated with Virechana Karma and certain Shamana drugs. A remarkable improvement in the condition was observed in 1 month.
THE EFFECT OF RASNAAMRITADI KASHAYAM IN GRIDHRASI: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Pillai Reshmi K , Namboodiri K Govindan
Published: November 2020

Gridhrasi is one of the 80 Nanatmaja Vata Vyadhi, which is caused by the aggravation of Vata Dosha; it can be divided into Vataja and Vatakaphaja. Gridhrasi can be equated with sciatica where pain, weakness, numbness and other discomfort along the path of sciatic nerve often accompanies with low back pain. In this study, 49 years old male patient complaints of low back pain radiating to both lower limb since one year, he was also complaining numbness on right lower limb. During clinical examination SLR test, Lasegue’s sign were positive on both lower limbs. He was diagnosed as Gridhrasi. Patient was advice to take Rasnaamritadi Kashayam twice daily in a dose of 50 ml one hour before meals. Rasnaamritadi Kashaya mentioned in Yoga amritam text Vata Vyadhi Chikitsa chapter. Drug mentioned in the yoga possess Vatahara, Kaphahara, Amapachana, Shoolahara and Shophahara property. After 30 days of treatment, he got 75% relief in low back pain and 90% relief in radiating pain and also there was an improvement in SLR and Lasegue’s sign.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF AYURVEDIC MEDICINES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPOTHYROIDISM: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Sharma Pooja , Sharma Nitin , Kajaria Divya
Published: November 2020

Hypothyroidism refers to deficiency of thyroid hormone caused due to various reasons. The global incidence of hypothyroidism is increasing alarmingly as people are exposed to more stress and strain. The synthesis and transport of thyroid hormones play a vital role in the normal physiology and functioning of thyroid hormones. The present case report was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Ayurvedic medicines in the management of Hypothyroidism within time constrain. A 30 years old female patient was diagnosed as hypothyroidism in 2017 with the complaints of mild oedema over face, bowel irregular and weight increases. Other associated complaints were reduced appetite, lethargy, weakness, delayed menstrual cycle and headache. Arogyavardhini vati 1 tablet (in 100 mg), Kanchnar guggulu 2 tablet (in 250 mg), combination of Sudarshana Churna and Kalmegha Churna (each 3 gram), Mustakarishata 20 ml, with equal amount of water and Mahamanjishthadi kwatha 10 gram after food was administered twice a day for 15 days. The patient showed significant improvement in TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) from 20.79 uIUmL/dl to 0.35 uIUmL. A symptomatic improvement was observed in irregular bowel, oedema over face, delayed menstruation, lethargy and reduced appetite was found. This case report highlights the potential of Ayurvedic management in hypothyroidism within the time constrain and provide the better pathway for this disease.
MANAGEMENT OF INFERTILITY DUE TO PCOS BY AYURVEDIC REGIME: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Kumari Poonam , Choudhary Poonam , . Sonu , Dave Hetal H
Published: November 2020

Polycystic ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) otherwise known as Stein Leventhal Syndrome is known to be the most common endocrine disorder in a woman of reproductive age and leading cause of infertility nowadays. World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that there are one out of forty newly reported cases of PCOS worldwide. Here is case study of a 27 years old female patient residing in Jaipur who consulted in OPD of National Institute of Ayurveda (NIA) Jaipur on 10.05.2019 with the chief complaints of unable to conceive since 2 years, delayed and scanty menstruation since 11/2 year. The patient was having history of depression and had antidepressants for 1 year. Her Ultrasonography findings were suggestive of PCOS. Patient was treated with Brahmi Ghrita orally with milk for 3 cycles. Go Ghrita Matra Basti for 2 cycles with proper counselling before and during the treatment as patient was a K/C/O depression. Patient missed her periods on 20.09.2019 and did her UPT which was found to be positive. Adequate antenatal care with all necessary examinations and advises was given to her and she delivered a full-term female baby on 18.06.2020. From this case study it is concluded that Brahmi ghrita and Go Ghrita Matra Basti are effective in treating Infertility due to POCS.