bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osteoporotic effect on bone repair in lumbar vertebral body defects in a rat model
Authors: Sakata Munehiro , Tonomura Hitoshi , Itsuji Tomonori , Ishibashi Hidenobu , Takatori Ryota , Mikami Yasuo , Nagae Masateru , Matsuda Ken Ichi , Tanaka Masaki , Kubo Toshikazu
Published: April 2018

Introduction:

The number of patients who suffered from osteoporotic vertebral fractures is increasing. Osteoporosis has been reported to affect the healing process using long bone models. However, few studies have reported using vertebrae. In this study, we created a bone defect in the anterior part of vertebral body in ovariectomized rat and evaluated the healing process.

Methods:

Fifty-six 12-week old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into ovariectomy (OVX) and sham operation groups. A bone defect was created in the vertebral body 8 weeks after the first surgery. In both groups, the vertebral bodies were harvested immediately or at 4, 8, or 12 weeks after the second surgery ( n = 7 at each time point). Bone volume (BV, mm3), bone volume fraction (BV/TV, %), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th, mm), trabecular number (Tb.N, 1/mm), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp, µm) were evaluated by micro-computed tomography to assess the new bone formation. Histological analysis was also performed.

Results:

The BV and the BV/TV were significantly lower at 4 and 12 weeks in the OVX group compared with those in the sham group. The Tb.Th was significantly lower at 8 and 12 weeks in the OVX group. Histologically, at 12 weeks, in the OVX group, the bone had a thinner, layered structure on the surface of the defect, and the trabecular structure was less dense.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that bone mass formation was suppressed and the quality of repaired bone was poor in the healing process of vertebral body defect under osteoporotic conditions. These findings could be the key to understand the pathology of osteoporotic vertebral fracture and to develop its therapies.
Value-creating Boards—Diversity and Evolved Processes
Authors: Kakabadse Andrew , Goyal Rita , Kakabadse Nada
Published: April 2018

This qualitative study is based on 47 interviews with board members of UK-listed companies and reveals that value-creating boards have two main characteristics: a diversity of perspective and evolved board processes. The findings of the study show that the critical attributes of boardroom diversity are members’ culture/nationality, functional background and gender diversity. Value-creating boards also have evolved processes, such as an objective nomination process, periodic evaluations of the board and its members and their ability to work as a team. The article contributes to the Strategic Leadership theory and other role-effectiveness theories. It makes a significant contribution to existing literature on board diversity and value creation by suggesting that board diversity needs a broader definition—more than mere demographic attributes of directors and board processes—to improve boards’ ability to create value for organizations. The article also contributes to praxis by presenting evidence of the impact of board diversity on value creations and suggesting the most critical aspects of value-creating boards. The findings may also guide the formulation of legislation for improving corporate governance by defining diversity more broadly.
Medicine Thefts And Their Prevention: Current Approach In Italy And Future Perspectives
Authors: Brasola Lidio , Di Giorgio Domenico , La Bella Fulvio , Pani Marcello , Turchetti Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

In recent years, medicine thefts have become a European challenge. In Italy, the number of thefts, from hospitals, has increased exponentially since 2011. The major drivers were the introduction of life-saving expensive medicines, the price differentials between countries and the different reimbursement regimes adopted in the European Union. This situation resulted in the AIFA (Italian Medicines Agency) Counterfeiting Prevention Unit setting up a number of preventive strategies that have minimized and in some cases eradicated the problem. In this review, we briefly describe trends and impacts of medicine thefts in Italy, the ‘Herceptin Case’, a major criminal effort that has been dismantled, and some of the preliminary results of PADLOck (Progetto di Adeguamento Dei Livelli di sicurezza delle farmacie Ospedaliere contro il rischio di furti e definizione di standard tecnici), a study aimed at evaluating the safety of hospital pharmacists and made sure that preventive and corrective measures against medicine thefts are put in place. The implementation of some of the tools developed by AIFA is under evaluation and/or implementation by other European Authorities, leading to a more effective approach in tackling one of the most relevant challenges in access to medicines in the European Union.
Characterization of a Cancer Stem Cell-Like Side Population Derived from Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Zhang Shi-Neng , Huang Feng-Ting , Huang Yi-Jun , Zhong Wa , Yu Zhong
Published: April 2018

Aims and background

To identify and partially characterize the side population cells derived from three human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines.

Methods

Side population cells were sorted from the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines SW1990, Capan-2, and BxPC-3 using flow cytometry and then analyzed for cell proliferation, clone formation, differentiation, chemoresistance, invasive potential, and tumorigenicity in a mouse model.

Results

Human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines SW1990, Capan-2, and BxPC-3 contain 2.7% ±0.35%, 3.6%± 1.2%, and 2.8%± 0.8% side population cells, respectively. We further investigated cancer stem cell characteristics with the moderately differentiated human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line SW1990. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that side population cells could differentiate into side population and non-side population cells and could exhibit differentiation potential. Using a clone formation assay, side population cells were shown to have a higher proliferation than non-side population cells. Compared to non-side population cells, side population cells were also more resistant to gemcitabine, a commonly used anti-cancer agent against pancreatic carcinoma, and were more invasive. Importantly, the CD133 level in side population cells was significantly higher than that in non-side population cells. The enhanced tumorigenecity was further confirmed in a male diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mouse model. As few as 3 × 103 side population cells were sufficient to induce tumor formation in the mouse model, compared to 107 non-side population or unsorted cells.

Conclusions

Side population cells isolated from human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines harbor cancer stem cell-like properties that may be related to the invasive potential and therapeutic-resistance of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Free full text available at www.tumorionline.it
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of Small Bowel Mesentery: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lau Michael I , Foo Fung J , Sissons Mark C , Kiruparan Pasupathy
Published: April 2018

Solitary fibrous tumor is an extremely rare clinical entity, most commonly manifested in the pleura and peritoneum. An increasing number of cases are found to occur at extrapleural sites. We report a case of solitary fibrous tumor arising from the mesentery of the small intestine. A 53-year-old man presented with a large abdominal mass which was initially thought to be a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The tumor was successfully removed surgically and the diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor was confirmed on immunohistochemical analysis. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of a solitary fibrous tumor arising from the small bowel mesentery. Free full text available at www.tumorionline.it
Severe Spontaneous Acute Tumor Lysis Syndrome and Hypoglycemia in Patient with Germ Cell Tumor
Authors: D'Alessandro Vito , Greco Antonio , Clemente Celeste , Sperandeo Marco , De Cata Angelo , Di Micco Concetta , Maiello Evaristo , Vendemiale Gianluigi
Published: April 2018

Tumor lysis syndrome has been observed in patients with bulky, treatment-sensitive tumors, in particular hematological malignancies, especially after medical treatment (chemotherapy, corticosteroids, radiation, hormonal agents, and biological response modifiers). Tumor lysis syndrome has been observed also in solid malignancies and it very rarely occurs spontaneously. Tumor lysis syndrome-associated metabolic abnormalities include hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia and uremia. Severe hypoglycemia is another rare metabolic disorder, uncommonly associated with solid malignancies. The case described here is peculiar for the abrupt onset of these two rare conditions in a patient with a metastatic germ cell tumor. Free full text available at www.tumorionline.it
Inclusions in an isoferroplatinum nugget from the Freetown Layered Complex, Sierra Leone
Authors: Bowles John F. W. , Suárez Saioa , Prichard Hazel M. , Fisher Peter C.
Published: April 2018

Inclusions of platinum-group minerals (PGM) within alluvial isoferroplatinum nuggets from the Freetown Peninsula, Sierra Leone, are aligned with their shape determined by the structure of their host. The edges of the majority of the inclusions lie at 0°, 45° or 90° to external crystal edges of the nugget which shows that the inclusions are not randomly oriented earlier minerals incorporated within their host. The inclusions are later infills, probably formed at the surface of the nugget during growth and subsequently enclosed by the growing nugget. PGM on the present surface of the nugget represent the last stage of this partnership. A single nugget containing abundant inclusions is described here but similar features are observed in other nuggets from the same area. The inclusions contain laurite (RuS2), irarsite–hollingworthite (IrAsS–RhAsS), Pd–Te–Bi–Sb phases, Ir-alloy, Os-alloy, Pd-bearing Au, an Rh–Te phase, Pd–Au alloy and Pd–Pt–Cu alloy. PGM found on the nugget surface include laurite, irarsite and cuprorhodsite (CuRh2S4). The Pd–Te–Bi–Sb phases may include Sb-rich keithconnite (Pd20S7) and compositions close to the kotulskite–sobolevskite solid-solution series (PdTe–BiTe). Textural evidence suggests that formation of the nuggets began with the isoferroplatinum host and the voids were filled starting intergrowths of laurite and irarsite–hollingworthite with both laurite and irarsite–hollingworthite often showing compositional zonation and each of them replacing the other. Filling of the voids probably continued with Pd-Cu-bearing gold, Sb-rich keithconnite (Pd,Pt)20.06(Te,Sb,Bi)6.94, keithconnite, telluropalladinite Pd9(Te,Bi)4, RhTe and finally Ir-alloy and then Os-alloy. The nuggets are thought to be neoform growths in the organic- and bacterial-rich soils of the tropical rain forest cover of the Freetown intrusion. The mineralogical assemblage in the layered gabbros of the intrusion has been previously shown to differ from the alluvial assemblage in the rivers and these inclusions, not seen in Pt3Fe in the unaltered rocks, add a further item to the catalogue of differences.
Critical influences on the pathogenesis of follicular lymphoma
Authors: Küppers Ralf , Stevenson Freda K.
Published: April 2018

The development of follicular lymphoma (FL) from a founder B cell with an upregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), via the t(14;18) translocation, to a proliferating clone, poised to undergo further transformation to an aggressive lymphoma, illustrates the opportunistic Darwinian process of tumorigenesis. Protection against apoptosis allows an innocent cell to persist and divide, with dangerous accumulation of further mutational changes, commonly involving inactivation of chromatin-modifying genes. But this is not all. FL cells reflect normal B cells in relying on expression of surface immunoglobulin. In doing so, they add another supportive mechanism by exploiting the natural process of somatic hypermutation of the IGV genes. Positive selection of motifs for addition of glycan into the antigen-binding sites of virtually all cases, and the placement of unusual mannoses in those sites, reveals a posttranslational strategy to engage the microenvironment. A bridge between mannosylated surface immunoglobulin of FL cells and macrophage-expressed dendritic cell–specific ICAM-3–grabbing nonintegrin produces a persistent low-level signal that appears essential for life in the hostile germinal center. Early-stage FL therefore requires a triad of changes: protection from apoptosis, mutations in chromatin modifiers, and an ability to interact with lectin-expressing macrophages. These changes are common and persistent. Genetic/epigenetic analysis is providing important data but investigation of the posttranslational landscape is the next challenge. We have one glimpse of its operation via the influence of added glycan on the B-cell receptor of FL. The consequential interaction with environmental lectins illustrates how posttranslational modifications can be exploited by tumor cells, and could lead to new approaches to therapy.
A simplified scoring system in de novo follicular lymphoma treated initially with immunochemotherapy
Authors: Bachy Emmanuel , Maurer Matthew J. , Habermann Thomas M. , Gelas-Dore Bénédicte , Maucort-Boulch Delphine , Estell Jane A. , Van den Neste Eric , Bouabdallah Réda , Gyan Emmanuel , Feldman Andrew L. , Bargay Joan , Delmer Alain , Slager Susan L. , Gomes da Silva Maria , Fitoussi Olivier , Belada David , Maisonneuve Hervé , Intragumtornchai Tanin , Ansell Stephen M. , Lamy Thierry , Dartigues Peggy , Link Brian K. , Seymour John F. , Cerhan James R. , Salles Gilles
Published: April 2018

Key Points

In FL, no prognostic index has been built based solely on a large cohort of patients treated with initial immunochemotherapy. The PRIMA-PI is a simplified index based on β2m and bone marrow involvement for patients treated with immunochemotherapy.
A CD123-targeting antibody-drug conjugate, IMGN632, designed to eradicate AML while sparing normal bone marrow cells
Authors: Kovtun Yelena , Jones Gregory E. , Adams Sharlene , Harvey Lauren , Audette Charlene A. , Wilhelm Alan , Bai Chen , Rui Lingyun , Laleau Rassol , Liu Fenghua , Ab Olga , Setiady Yulius , Yoder Nicholas C. , Goldmacher Victor S. , Chari Ravi V. J. , Pinkas Jan , Chittenden Thomas
Published: April 2018

Key Points

IMGN632 is a conjugate of a novel CD123-targeting antibody with a highly potent DNA alkylating payload. IMGN632 is active in preclinical models of AML with poor prognosis at concentrations far below levels that impact normal bone marrow cells.
Late Infection-Related Mortality in Asplenic Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report From the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Weil Brent R. , Madenci Arin L. , Liu Qi , Howell Rebecca M. , Gibson Todd M. , Yasui Yutaka , Neglia Joseph P. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Smith Susan A. , Tonorezos Emily S. , Friedman Danielle N. , Constine Louis S. , Tinkle Christopher L. , Diller Lisa R. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Weldon Christopher B.
Published: April 2018

Purpose

Infection-related outcomes associated with asplenia or impaired splenic function in survivors of childhood cancer remains understudied.

Methods

Late infection-related mortality was evaluated in 20,026 5-year survivors of childhood cancer (diagnosed < 21 years of age from 1970 to 1999; median age at diagnosis, 7.0 years [range, 0 to 20 years]; median follow-up, 26 years [range, 5 to 44 years]) using cumulative incidence and piecewise-exponential regression models to estimate adjusted relative rates (RRs). Splenic radiation was approximated using average dose (direct and/or indirect) to the left upper quadrant of the abdomen (hereafter, referred to as splenic radiation).

Results

Within 5 years of diagnosis, 1,354 survivors (6.8%) had a splenectomy and 9,442 (46%) had splenic radiation without splenectomy. With 62 deaths, the cumulative incidence of infection-related late mortality was 1.5% (95% CI, 0.7% to 2.2%) at 35 years after splenectomy and 0.6% (95% CI, 0.4% to 0.8%) after splenic radiation. Splenectomy (RR, 7.7; 95% CI, 3.1 to 19.1) was independently associated with late infection-related mortality. Splenic radiation was associated with increasing risk for late infection-related mortality in a dose-response relationship (0.1 to 9.9 Gy: RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 0.9 to 4.5; 10 to 19.9 Gy: RR, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.9 to 15.4; ≥ 20 Gy: RR, 6.0; 95% CI, 1.8 to 20.2). High-dose alkylator chemotherapy exposure was also independently associated with an increased risk of infection-related mortality (RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.4).

Conclusion

Splenectomy and splenic radiation significantly increase risk for late infection-related mortality. Even low- to intermediate-dose radiation exposure confers increased risk, suggesting that the spleen is highly radiosensitive. These findings should inform long-term follow-up guidelines for survivors of childhood cancer and should lead clinicians to avoid or reduce radiation exposure involving the spleen whenever possible.
Best Practices for Reducing Unplanned Acute Care for Patients With Cancer
Authors: Handley Nathan R. , Schuchter Lynn M. , Bekelman Justin E.
Published: April 2018

Variation and cost in oncology care represent a large and growing burden for the US health care system, and acute hospital care is one of the single largest drivers. Reduction of unplanned acute care is a major priority for clinical transformation in oncology; proposed changes to Medicare reimbursement for patients with cancer who suffer unplanned admissions while receiving chemotherapy heighten the need. We conducted a review of best practices to reduce unplanned acute care for patients with cancer. We searched PubMed for articles published between 2000 and 2017 and reviewed guidelines published by professional organizations. We identified five strategies to reduce unplanned acute care for patients with cancer: (1) identify patients at high risk for unplanned acute care; (2) enhance access and care coordination; (3) standardize clinical pathways for symptom management; (4) develop new loci for urgent cancer care; and (5) use early palliative care. We assessed each strategy on the basis of specific outcomes: reduction in emergency department visits, reduction in hospitalizations, and reduction in rehospitalizations within 30 days. For each, we define gaps in knowledge and identify areas for future effort. These five strategies can be implemented separately or, with possibly more success, as an integrated program to reduce unplanned acute care for patients with cancer. Because of the large investment required and the limited data on effectiveness, there should be further research and evaluation to identify the optimal strategies to reduce emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and rehospitalizations. Proposed reimbursement changes amplify the need for cancer programs to focus on this issue.
FemaleDrosophila melanogasterrespond to song-amplitude modulations
Authors: Brüggemeier Birgit , Porter Mason A. , Vigoreaux Jim O. , Goodwin Stephen F.
Published: April 2018

Males in numerous animal species use mating songs to attract females and intimidate competitors. We demonstrate that modulations in song amplitude are behaviourally relevant in the fruit fly Drosophila. We show that D. melanogaster females prefer amplitude modulations typical of melanogaster song over other modulations, which suggests that amplitude modulations are processed auditorily by D. melanogaster. Our work demonstrates that receivers can decode messages in amplitude modulations, complementing the recent finding that male flies actively control song amplitude. To describe amplitude modulations, we propose the concept of song amplitude structure (SAS) and discuss similarities and differences to amplitude modulation with distance (AMD).
Nest predation risk modifies nestlings’ immune function depending on the level of threat
Authors: Roncalli G. , Colombo E. , Soler M. , Tieleman B. I. , Versteegh M. A. , Ruiz-Raya F. , Samblas M. Gómez , Ibáñez-Álamo J. D.
Published: April 2018

Predation risk is thought to modify prey's physiology mainly through the stress response. However, little is known about its potential effects on the immunity of animals, particularly in young individuals, despite the importance to overcome wounding and pathogen aggression following a predator attack. We investigated the effect of four progressive levels of nest predation risk on several components of the immune system in common blackbird (Turdus merula) nestlings by presenting them with four different calls during 1h: non-predator calls, predator calls, parental alarm calls and conspecific distress calls to induce a null, moderate, high and extreme level of risk, respectively. Nest predation risk induced an increase in ovotransferrin, immunoglobulin (IgY) and the number of lymphocytes and eosinophils. Thus, the perception of a potential predator per se could stimulate the mobilization of a nestling's immune function and prepare the organism to rapidly respond to the immune stimuli imposed by a predator attack. Interestingly, only high and extreme levels of risk caused immunological changes, suggesting that different immunological parameters are modulated according to the perceived level of threat. We also found a mediator role of parasites (i.e. Leucocytozoon) and the current health status of the individual as only nestlings not parasitized or in good body condition were able to modify their immune system. This study highlights a previously unknown link between predation risk and immunity, emphasizing the complex relationship among several selective pressures (predation, parasitism) on developing organisms and accentuating the importance of studying predation from a physiological point of view.
Linking developmental diet to adult foraging choice in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Davies Lucy Rebecca , Schou Mads F. , Kristensen Torsten N. , Loeschcke Volker
Published: April 2018

Rather than maximizing intake of available macronutrients, insects increase intake of some nutrients and restrict intake of others. This selective consumption influences, and potentially optimizes developmental time, reproduction and lifespan of the organism. Studies so far have focused on discriminating between protein and carbohydrate and the consequences on fitness components at different life stages. However, it is largely unknown if and how the developmental diets, which may entail habitat specific nutrient restrictions, affect the selective consumption of adults. We show that adult female D. melanogaster opt for the same protein to carbohydrate (P:C) ratio regardless of their developmental diet (P:C ratio of 1:1, 1:4 or 1:8). Males choose a diet that makes up for deficiencies; when protein is low during development, males increase protein consumption despite this being detrimental to starvation resistance. The sexual dimorphism in foraging choice could be due to the different energetic requirements of males and females. To investigate the effect of developmental diet on lifespan once an adult nutritional environment had been established, we also conducted a no choice experiment. Here adult lifespan increased as P:C ratio decreased irrespective of developmental diet, thus demonstrating a ‘cancelling out’ effect of nutritional environment experienced during early life stages. Our study provides novel insights into how developmental diet is linked to adult diet by presenting evidence for sexual dimorphism in foraging choice as well as life stage dependency of diet on lifespan.
Recent advances in understanding oogenesis: interactions with the cytoskeleton, microtubule organization, and meiotic spindle assembly in oocytes
Authors: Marlow Florence L.
Published: April 2018

Maternal control of development begins with production of the oocyte during oogenesis. All of the factors necessary to complete oocyte maturation, meiosis, fertilization, and early development are produced in the transcriptionally active early oocyte. Active transcription of the maternal genome is a mechanism to ensure that the oocyte and development of the early embryo begin with all of the factors needed for successful embryonic development. To achieve the maximum maternal store, only one functional cell is produced from the meiotic divisions that produce the oocyte. The oocyte receives the bulk of the maternal cytoplasm and thus is significantly larger than its sister cells, the tiny polar bodies, which receive a copy of the maternal genome but essentially none of the maternal cytoplasm. This asymmetric division is accomplished by an enormous cell that is depleted of centrosomes in early oogenesis; thus, meiotic divisions in oocytes are distinct from those of mitotic cells. Therefore, these cells must partition the chromosomes faithfully to ensure euploidy by using mechanisms that do not rely on a conventional centrosome-based mitotic spindle. Several mechanisms that contribute to assembly and maintenance of the meiotic spindle in oocytes have been identified; however, none is fully understood. In recent years, there have been many exciting and significant advances in oogenesis, contributed by studies using a myriad of systems. Regrettably, I cannot adequately cover all of the important advances here and so I apologize to those whose beautiful work has not been included. This review focuses on a few of the most recent studies, conducted by several groups, using invertebrate and vertebrate systems, that have provided mechanistic insight into how microtubule assembly and meiotic spindle morphogenesis are controlled in the absence of centrosomes.
A de-identified database of 11,979 verbal autopsy open-ended responses
Authors: Flaxman Abraham D. , Harman Lisa , Joseph Jonathan , Brown Jonathan , Murray Christopher J.L.
Published: April 2018

As part of the Gates Grand Challenge 13, the Population Health Metrics Research Consortium (PHMRC) collected data to enable the development and validation of methods that measure cause-specific mortality in populations with incomplete or inadequate cause of death coding.

This work yielded 11,979 verbal autopsy interviews (VAIs). In each, a field interviewer spoke with an individual familiar with the deceased and their final illness, and used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect information about the symptoms of the deceased in their final illness. The VAI collected demographic characteristics, possible risk factors (such as tobacco use), and other potentially contributing characteristics. It also included the open-ended question, “Could you please summarize, or tell us in your own words, any additional information about the illness and/or death of your loved one?” (open narrative).

The VAI data were released in a de-identified format in September 2013 through the Global Health Data Exchange, in files that contain verbal autopsies that were collected at six sites in four countries (India, Mexico, Tanzania, and the Philippines).

Due to research interest, we have now created redacted versions of the open narratives from the open-ended question of the questionnaire. We hope that this database will be the source of innovations that increase our knowledge about the causes of ill health and, through this knowledge, produce improvements in health for individuals and populations.
Zaimki – uniwersalny system referencji
Authors: Topolińska Zuzanna
Published: April 2018

Pronouns – a universal system of reference

The author elaborates the thesis that pronouns, as a “pars orationis”, function as a universal system of reference in their respective linguistic code. She gives a short review of three pronominal subsystems in Polish from the point of view of their referential function: (a) definite pronouns, i.e. the basic means of referential identification; including personal, possessive and demonstrative pronouns, (b) indefinite pronouns, and (c) relative-interrogative pronouns.
Profesor Marian Kucała jako dialektolog
Authors: Reichan Jerzy
Published: April 2018

Professor Marian Kucała as a dialectologist

The paper presents Marian Kucała’s dialectological work in the chronological order. Particular attention has been given to his greatest dialectological achievement, the Porównawczy słownik trzech wsi małopolskich (1957; ‘A comparative dictionary of three villages in Lesser Poland’), emphasizing its superior cognitive and methodological qualities. While discussing Kucała’s various articles, we indicate his originality and ingenuity. Some of his papers refer to linguistic phenomena from his native village of Więciórka, while others cover the whole of the Polish dialectal area. One work that distinguishes itself among them, is the popular title Twoja mowa cię zdradza (1994a, 2002a; ‘Your speech betrays you’) in which Kucała presents to the unqualified reader the most important of Polish dialectal phenomena in an interesting and easy to understand way. While discussing Professor M. Kucała’s dialectological work, one should constantly bear in mind that these rich, diversified and grand achievements constitute only a part of his oeuvre which simultaneously includes works on the history of Polish and the contemporary Polish literary language.
„W naszym timie…” – kilka uwag o socjolekcie korporacyjnym
Authors: Naruszewicz-Duchlińska Alina
Published: April 2018

„W naszym timie…” – several remarks on the corporate jargon

The goal of the paper is to present the various distinguishing features of corporate jargon, together with their probable causes. The sources of the material are internet websites devoted to the informal variety of language adopted by Polish divisions of international corporations. It has been established that the most distinct features of the analysed sociolect are overuse of borrowings from English and of Polish-English hybrids, and playful Polonisation of foreign expressions.
dilema metafísico da Aparição
Authors: Brzozowski Jerzy
Published: April 2018

METHAPHYSICAL DILEMMA OF VERGÍLIO FERREIRA’S APARIÇÃO

The author of this paper analyses the “scandal” of the novel Aparição, which was flagrant at the end of the 50s of the 20th century but only ten years later, in 1969, its “irreligiosity” was regarded as inoffensive. The metaphysical dilemma of the novel, which aims to put the man in God’s position, became, with the passage of time, something rather obvious. On the other hand, the post‑1968 generation does not understand and accept the existentialist ethics of the “noble infelicity” for the sake of the humanist principles. Curiously enough, the fervor of the hero’s engagement in preaching the necessity of atheism at the end of the book could be considered nowadays as an act of violence. Nevertheless, Vergílio Ferreira’s novel has not lost its great literary value.
Chyle leak following an axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer in a patient with superior vena caval thrombosis – a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Al-Ishaq Z , Gupta S , Collins MA , Sircar T
Published: April 2018

Chyle leak is a very rare complication following an axillary lymph node dissection. We report a case of chyle leak following sentinel lymph node biopsy in a patient with breast cancer with superior vena caval thrombosis. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of chyle leakage following axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy. We describe the aetiology, prevention and treatment strategy that can be adopted in these patients.
Practical lessons from policy theories
Authors: Weible Christopher M , Cairney Paul
Published: April 2018

We challenge policy theory scholars to change the way we produce and communicate research: translate our research to a wider audience to gauge the quality of our findings. Explain state of the art knowledge to others to aid communication among ourselves. If we succeed, we can proceed with confidence. If not, we should reconsider the state of our field. Our aim is to show leadership by subjecting ourselves to this challenge. We introduce a special issue that represents the state of knowledge in eight theories and combine their insights to produce theoretical tenets across the field of policy processes.
Why advocacy coalitions matter and practical insights about them
Authors: Weible Christopher M , Ingold Karin
Published: April 2018

Traditional scholarship on political engagement has emphasised political parties, interest groups and social movements as ways to influence public policy. This paper highlights the particular role of advocacy coalitions as another conduit for political engagement. Drawing from scholarship associated with the Advocacy Coalition Framework, we offer a way to think about political contexts through coalitions, policy subsystems and political systems, and the attributes of politically engaged actors. It is one of the first attempts to draw practical lessons about the theory of coalitions and, thus, to facilitate better governance and politics as well as the advancement of scholarship.
AVALIAÇÃO FORMATIVA: CONCEPÇÃO, PRÁTICAS E DIFICULDADES
Authors: Caseiro Cíntia Camargo Furquim , Gebran Raimunda Abou
Published: April 2018

O presente trabalho objetiva verificar como o processo de avaliação da aprendizagem se efetiva no Ciclo II do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola da Rede Oficial de Ensino, em especial na disciplina de Língua Portuguesa. Um levantamento teórico sobre avaliação foi realizado, assim como uma análise dos documentos sobre o Regime de Progressão Continuada adotado pelo estado de São Paulo. Foram observadas aulas em uma sala da 5ª série e em uma sala da 8ª série do Ensino fundamental. Foram coletados dados em reuniões de HTPC – horário de trabalho pedagógico coletivo – e em aulas de reforço. Foram realizadas entrevistas com o diretor da escola, o vice-diretor, a coordenadora, os professores, alguns alunos e pais. A partir da análise dos dados coletados, percebeu-se que as práticas pedagógicas e avaliativas, apesar da adoção do Regime de Progressão Continuada, ainda se encontram impregnadas de características da avaliação tradicional, classificatória e seletiva.
A LEITURA DE MAPAS NO ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA
Authors: Katuta Ângela M.
Published: April 2018

O presente texto trata da importância da leitura de mapas para  a geografia do ensino básico (fundamental  e média). Num primeiro momento, contextualizamos a relevância dos saberes  geográficos para o entendimento da realidade. Em  seguida , explicitamos os elementos necessários para a  realização da leitura do referido meio de comunicação e  finalmente,  exemplificamos, a partir da elaboração de algumas questões, como poderiamos provocar nossos estudantes a fim de que esses se tornem leitores e não  meros decodificadores de mapas. E importante salientar que  nossa reflexão é norteada pelo pressuposto de que a leitura  de mapas não deve ser um fim em si mesma, mas se constitui num poderoso aliado para o entendimento dos diferentes espaços  geográficos  e,  portanto,  da  realidade,  elemento fundamental para a constituição da autonomia  intelectual discente.
“Where are you from?” Adolescent formulations of place identity
Authors: Starks Donna , Taylor-Leech Kerry
Published: April 2018

In globalized times, high mobility has complicated the meanings of allegiance to place, creating a need for a critical awareness of place identity. Although place identity has made important contributions to the social sciences, there is little empirical research on how it can be operationalized, or critically interrogated. In response to this need, we analyzed ways that Australian secondary school students responded to the question,“If someone asks you ‘Where are you from?’ how do you answer this question and why?”, and created a basic typology of place formulations to serve as a starting point for interpreting notions of place identity in research, professional and educational settings.
Interstellar extinction from photometric surveys: application to four high-latitude areas
Authors: Malkov Oleg , Karpov Sergey , Kilpio Elena , Sichevsky Sergey , Chulkov Dmitry , Dluzhnevskaya Olga , Kovaleva Dana , Kniazev Alexei , Mickaelian Areg , Mironov Alexey , Murthy Jayant , Sytov Alexey , Zhao Gang , Zhukov Aleksandr
Published: April 2018

Information on interstellar extinction and dust properties may be obtained from modern large photometric surveys data. Virtual Observatory facilities allow users to make a fast and correct cross-identification of objects from various surveys. It yields a multicolor photometry data on detected objects and makes it possible to estimate stellar parameters and calculate interstellar extinction. A 3D extinction map then can be constructed. The method was applied to 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX and UKIDSS surveys. Results for several high-latitude areas are obtained, compared with independent sources and discussed here.
Numerical investigation of a cold bubbling bed throughout a dense discrete phase model with KTGF collisional closure
Authors: Tricomi Leonardo , Melchiori Tommaso , Chiaramonti David , Boulet Micael , Lavoie Jean Michel
Published: April 2018

A hybrid Euleran-Lagrangian Dense Discrete Particle Model (DDPM) was used to numerically simulate the bubbling behavior of a fluidized bed reactor. The model exploits the parcels concept to reduce the number of particles to simulate while exploiting the Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow (KTGF) to account for their repulsive interactions. The DDPM-KTGF was explored throughout a model sensitivity analysis to identify the most influent parameters impacting on the numerical accuracy and performances to ultimately assess its potential use for industrial purposes. Because of the measurement simplicity as well as its strong connection with the bed fluid-dynamic, pressure-drop data was used and processed to obtain the power spectral density (PSD) distribution to empirically and numerically characterize the behavior of this system under a bubbling fluidization regime. The DDPM-KTGF model was found to be sensitive to mesh size, restitution coefficients but mostly to the drag law. However, poor sensitivity to the kinetic viscosity, solid pressure, radial distribution function as well as to the number of parcels was revealed. Besides having an effect on the physical outputs, the mesh refinement was also required to numerically verify the model which also had a significant impact on the simulation time-performance. Moreover, a major barrier was found when using this model to simulate fixed bed regime, showing the limitation of the KTGF approach to high particle density regions as a result of a poor estimation of particles force interactions.
Application of Central Composite Design to Optimize Culture Conditions of Chlorella vulgaris in a Batch Photobioreactor: An Efficient Modeling Approach
Authors: Kazeem M.A. , Hossain S. M. Z. , Hossain M. M. , Razzak S. A.
Published: April 2018

Microalgae cultivation and their use is a promising approach for integrated CO2 biofixation, wastewater treatment and renewable energy production. To develop such an important technology, there is a need to optimize the culture conditions, maximizing CO2 consumption, degrading the nutrients present in the wastewater and maximise the microalgae biomass production. Central Composite Design (CCD) approach was applied to develop quadratic regression models. The developed models were employed separately to estimate optimal sets of three important input parameters (CO2 concentration, nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio and culture temperature) for maximizing specific growth rate, biomass productivity and CO2 biofixation rate. The maximum specific growth rate of 1.93 ± 0.19 d-1 was observed at an optimal set of 34oC, 4:1 nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio, and 6 % CO2 concentration. The maximum biomass productivity of 86.5 ± 20.0 mgL-1d-1 was obtained at 4.8 % CO2, 8:1 nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio and 28oC. In addition, the maximum CO2 biofixation rate was calculated to be 251.9 ± 13.5 mgL-1d-1 at optimal values of 4 % CO2, 1:1 nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio and 25oC. Finally, multi-objective optimization method was employed to predict the maximum CO2 biofixation rate and biomass productivity concurrently. The optimum values of CO2 biofixation rate (182.84 ± 8.42 mgL-1d-1) and biomass productivity (78.5 ± 10.0 mgL-1d-1) were obtained from operating conditions at 4 % CO2, 6:1 nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio, 25oC culture temperature. These predicted data were in strong agreement with the experimental values.
Insulin-like signaling within and beyond metazoans
Authors: Vitali Valerio , Horn Florian , Catania Francesco
Published: April 2018

Insulin signaling is pivotal in controlling animals’ lifespan and responses to environmental changes and, when altered, it may lead to pathogenic states. Despite its importance and relevance for biomedical research, insulin’s mechanism of action and the full range of its pathophysiological effects remain incompletely understood. Likewise, the evolutionary origin of insulin and its associated signaling components are unclear. Notwithstanding the common view that insulin signaling originated within metazoans, experimental evidence from non-metazoans suggest a more widespread distribution across eukaryotes. Here, we summarize this evidence. Furthermore, we put forward an evolutionary account that reconciles seemingly contradictory results in the literature.
A Novel Macromodel based on Krylov Subspace Projection Method for Micromixers with Serpentine Channels
Authors: Chen Xueye , Zhang Shuai
Published: April 2018

A novel macromodel based on Krylov subspace projection method for micromixers with serpentine channels is presented. The physical equations are discretized using Galerkin method. The orthogonal basis is obtained and the discrete matrix is assembled with Arnoldi procedure based on Krylov subspace projection. The obtained macromodel can be used to calculate the concentration of the sample at arbitrary location of serpentine micromixers. The maximal relative deviation is 2 % between macromodel and only numerical simulation. The computational efficiency of the macromodel will be improved significantly with the numbers of serpentine channels increasing. Simulation results demonstrated that the macromodel is flexible, effective and easily operated for rapid design and computation of serpentine micromixers.
Sandwich classification for
O
2n+1(R) and U
2n+1(R,Δ) revisited
Authors: Preusser Raimund
Published: April 2018

In a recent paper, the author proved that if

n
≥
3

{n\geq 3}

is a natural number, R a commutative ring and

σ
∈

G
⁢

L
n

⁢

(
R
)

{\sigma\in GL_{n}(R)}

, then

t

k
⁢
l

⁢

(

σ

i
⁢
j

)

{t_{kl}(\sigma_{ij})}

where

i
≠
j

{i\neq j}

and

k
≠
l

{k\neq l}

can be expressed as a product of 8 matrices of the form

σ

±
1

ε

{{}^{\varepsilon}\sigma^{\pm 1}}

where

ε
∈

E
n

⁢

(
R
)

{\varepsilon\in E_{n}(R)}

. In this article we prove similar results for the odd-dimensional orthogonal groups

O

2
⁢
n

+
1

⁢

(
R
)

{O_{2n+1}(R)}

and the odd-dimensional unitary groups

U

2
⁢
n

+
1

⁢

(
R
,
Δ
)

{U_{2n+1}(R,\Delta)}

under the assumption that R is commutative and

n
≥
3

{n\geq 3}

. This yields new, short proofs of the Sandwich Classification Theorems for the groups

O

2
⁢
n

+
1

⁢

(
R
)

{O_{2n+1}(R)}

and

U

2
⁢
n

+
1

⁢

(
R
,
Δ
)

{U_{2n+1}(R,\Delta)}

.
Preparation and dielectric properties of BaBi1.8Ln0.2Nb2O9 (Ln = Ce, Gd) ceramics
Authors: Afqir Mohamed , Tachafine Amina , Fasquelle Didier
Published: April 2018

The main subject of the presented research is to investigate the dielectric properties of BaBi1.8Ln0.2Nb2O9 (Ln = Ce, Gd) ceramics prepared by conventional solid state reaction route. The materials were examined using XRD and FT-IR methods. Moreover, the AC conductivity, dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the ceramics were determined. X-ray diffraction confirmed that all these compounds crystallize in an orthorhombic structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study confirmed the presence of two characteristic vibration bands located at around 617 cm-1 and 818 cm-1 for BaBi2Nb2O9. The experimental results show that the substitution of Bi by Ce or Gd causes a decrease in Curie temperature, dielectric constant and dielectric loss.
Enhancing hydrocarbon productivity via wettability alteration: a review on the application of nanoparticles
Authors: Mousavi Moghadam Asefe , Baghban Salehi Mahsa
Published: April 2018

Wettability alteration (WA) of reservoir rock is an attractive topic in the upstream oil and gas industry, for the improvement of hydrocarbon production. Novel methods and chemicals that may change the wetting state of reservoir rock to water-wet have highly attracted petroleum researchers’ attention. Use of nanoparticles might be matured enough in different branches of sciences but in WA is still young, which increased in recent decades. This review paper presents a comprehensive review on WA, especially in terms of nanoparticle application in increasing oil recovery. Therefore, the areas of controversy of two rock types (carbonate and sandstone) as a main element in WA are discussed. A selection of reviewed nanoparticle types, preparation methods, and effective factors was also investigated. Moreover, two main methods of WA, static and dynamic, are highlighted. Although these methods have been discussed in many reviews, a clear classification form of these has not been considered. Such comprehensive arrangement is presented in this review, specifically on nanoparticle application. Moreover, coreflooding tests of different fluid types and injection scenarios are discussed. The review indicates promising use of nanoparticles in increasing ultimate oil recovery. It was hoped the current review paper can provide useful related reference to study WA via nanoparticle application.
Potential causes of asthma in the United Arab Emirates: drawing insights from the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Dalibalta Sarah , Samara Fatin , Qadri Haya , Adouchana Hibatallah
Published: April 2018

There is considerable concern on the rise in the incidence of asthma worldwide with statistics in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) indicating that at least 13% of schoolchildren, particularly of Emirati descent, suffer from asthma. With its high rates of hospital admissions, negative socioeconomic impact and significant morbidity, this is a disease that requires optimal guidelines for control and awareness. In this article, we review the current knowledge of asthma in the UAE and draw on studies, especially from the surrounding region, to identify its contributing factors within this population. The most frequently identified agents pertinent to the UAE include outdoor and indoor environmental causes exacerbated by the country’s rapid urbanization, genetic factors aided in transmission by consanguineous marriage, the patient’s socioeconomic status and a rise in vitamin D deficiencies. This evidence aims to inform healthcare professionals and governmental agencies in order to best create guidelines for controlling the burden of this debilitating disease.
Semeiotic logic or, deduction, induction, and semeiotic
Authors: Sabre Ru Michael
Published: April 2018

Deduction, induction, and semeiotic relate by each being a permutation of modus ponens. As deduction providing necessary inference is the means of mathematical proof, and induction establishing sound generalizations is the basis of scientific research, so semeiotic bringing to bear informed responses to experience is the core of human understanding. Semeiotic, specifically semeiosis, is shown to be Peircean abduction in the context of signs, thus producing informed response to experience.