bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histone H4K20 methylation mediated chromatin compaction threshold ensures genome integrity by limiting DNA replication licensing
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Walter David , Gillespie Peter J. , Izard Fanny , Fahrenkrog Birthe , Lleres David , Lerdrup Mads , Johansen Jens Vilstrup , Hansen Klaus , Julien Eric , Blow J. Julian , Sørensen Claus S.
Published: September 2018

The decompaction and re-establishment of chromatin organization immediately after mitosis is essential for genome regulation. Mechanisms underlying chromatin structure control in daughter cells are not fully understood. Here we show that a chromatin compaction threshold in cells exiting mitosis ensures genome integrity by limiting replication licensing in G1 phase. Upon mitotic exit, chromatin relaxation is controlled by SET8-dependent methylation of histone H4 on lysine 20. In the absence of either SET8 or H4K20 residue, substantial genome-wide chromatin decompaction occurs allowing excessive loading of the origin recognition complex (ORC) in the daughter cells. ORC overloading stimulates aberrant recruitment of the MCM2-7 complex that promotes single-stranded DNA formation and DNA damage. Restoring chromatin compaction restrains excess replication licensing and loss of genome integrity. Our findings identify a cell cycle-specific mechanism whereby fine-tuned chromatin relaxation suppresses excessive detrimental replication licensing and maintains genome integrity at the cellular transition from mitosis to G1 phase.
Recurrent circuits within medial entorhinal cortex superficial layers support grid cell firing
Authors: Zutshi Ipshita , Fu Maylin L. , Lilascharoen Varoth , Leutgeb Jill K. , Lim Byung Kook , Leutgeb Stefan
Published: September 2018

Specialized cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (mEC), such as speed cells, head direction (HD) cells, and grid cells, are thought to support spatial navigation. To determine whether these computations are dependent on local circuits, we record neuronal activity in mEC layers II and III and optogenetically perturb locally projecting layer II pyramidal cells. We find that sharply tuned HD cells are only weakly responsive while speed, broadly tuned HD cells, and grid cells show pronounced transient excitatory and inhibitory responses. During the brief period of feedback inhibition, there is a reduction in specifically grid accuracy, which is corrected as firing rates return to baseline. These results suggest that sharp HD cells are embedded in a separate mEC sub-network from broad HD cells, speed cells, and grid cells. Furthermore, grid tuning is not only dependent on local processing but also rapidly updated by HD, speed, or other afferent inputs to mEC.
Differential processing of HIV envelope glycans on the virus and soluble recombinant trimer
Authors: Cao Liwei , Pauthner Matthias , Andrabi Raiees , Rantalainen Kimmo , Berndsen Zachary , Diedrich Jolene K. , Menis Sergey , Sok Devin , Bastidas Raiza , Park Sung-Kyu Robin , Delahunty Claire M. , He Lin , Guenaga Javier , Wyatt Richard T. , Schief William R. , Ward Andrew B. , Yates John R. , Burton Dennis R. , Paulson James C.
Published: September 2018

As the sole target of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to HIV, the envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer is the focus of vaccination strategies designed to elicit protective bnAbs in humans. Because HIV Env is densely glycosylated with 75–90 N-glycans per trimer, most bnAbs use or accommodate them in their binding epitope, making the glycosylation of recombinant Env a key aspect of HIV vaccine design. Upon analysis of three HIV strains, we here find that site-specific glycosylation of Env from infectious virus closely matches Envs from corresponding recombinant membrane-bound trimers. However, viral Envs differ significantly from recombinant soluble, cleaved (SOSIP) Env trimers, strongly impacting antigenicity. These results provide a benchmark for virus Env glycosylation needed for the design of soluble Env trimers as part of an overall HIV vaccine strategy.
Superconducting metamaterials for waveguide quantum electrodynamics
Authors: Mirhosseini Mohammad , Kim Eunjong , Ferreira Vinicius S. , Kalaee Mahmoud , Sipahigil Alp , Keller Andrew J. , Painter Oskar
Published: September 2018

Embedding tunable quantum emitters in a photonic bandgap structure enables control of dissipative and dispersive interactions between emitters and their photonic bath. Operation in the transmission band, outside the gap, allows for studying waveguide quantum electrodynamics in the slow-light regime. Alternatively, tuning the emitter into the bandgap results in finite-range emitter–emitter interactions via bound photonic states. Here, we couple a transmon qubit to a superconducting metamaterial with a deep sub-wavelength lattice constant (λ/60). The metamaterial is formed by periodically loading a transmission line with compact, low-loss, low-disorder lumped-element microwave resonators. Tuning the qubit frequency in the vicinity of a band-edge with a group index of ng = 450, we observe an anomalous Lamb shift of −28 MHz accompanied by a 24-fold enhancement in the qubit lifetime. In addition, we demonstrate selective enhancement and inhibition of spontaneous emission of different transmon transitions, which provide simultaneous access to short-lived radiatively damped and long-lived metastable qubit states.
The origin of Mooij correlations in disordered metals
Authors: Ciuchi Sergio , Di Sante Domenico , Dobrosavljević Vladimir , Fratini Simone
Published: September 2018

Sufficiently disordered metals display systematic deviations from the behavior predicted by semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory. Here the scattering events from impurities or thermal excitations can no longer be considered as additive-independent processes, as asserted by Matthiessen’s rule following from this picture. In the intermediate region between the regime of good conduction and that of insulation, one typically finds a change of sign of the temperature coefficient of resistivity, even at elevated temperature spanning ambient conditions, a phenomenology that was first identified by Mooij in 1973. Traditional weak coupling approaches to identify relevant corrections to the Boltzmann picture focused on long-distance interference effects such as “weak localization”, which are especially important in low dimensions (1D and 2D) and close to the zero-temperature limit. Here we formulate a strong-coupling approach to tackle the interplay of strong disorder and lattice deformations (phonons) in bulk three-dimensional metals at high temperatures. We identify a polaronic mechanism of strong disorder renormalization, which describes how a lattice locally responds to the relevant impurity potential. This mechanism, which quantitatively captures the Mooij regime, is physically distinct and unrelated to Anderson localization, but realizes early seminal ideas of Anderson himself, concerning the interplay of disorder and lattice deformations.
Experimental observation of bulk nodal lines and electronic surface states in ZrB2
Authors: Lou Rui , Guo Pengjie , Li Man , Wang Qi , Liu Zhonghao , Sun Shanshan , Li Chenghe , Wu Xuchuan , Wang Zilu , Sun Zhe , Shen Dawei , Huang Yaobo , Liu Kai , Lu Zhong-Yi , Lei Hechang , Ding Hong , Wang Shancai
Published: September 2018

Topological nodal-line semimetals are characterized by line-contact bulk band crossings and topological surface states. Breaking certain protecting symmetry turns this system into a Dirac semimetal or Weyl semimetal that hosts zero-dimensional isolated nodal points. Recent advances in band theory predicted a topological nodal-line semimetal state possessing a new type of nodal line in AlB2-type diborides. Here, we report an experimental realization of nodal-line fermions and associated surface states near the Fermi energy in ZrB2 by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy combined with first-principles calculations. The Dirac nodal lines in ZrB2 wind into two groups of nodal rings, which are linked together along the Γ-K direction. We further observe a distinct surface state connecting to each nodal line, indicative of the nontrivial topological nature of the bulk nodal lines. Therefore, our results provide convincing experimental evidence of nodal-line semimetal states in ZrB2 both in the bulk and on the surface, suggesting ZrB2 as a remarkable platform for discovering unique phenomena induced by nodal-line fermions.
Cell culture-derived influenza vaccines in the severe 2017–2018 epidemic season: a step towards improved influenza vaccine effectiveness
Authors: Barr Ian G. , Donis Ruben O. , Katz Jacqueline M. , McCauley John W. , Odagiri Takato , Trusheim Heidi , Tsai Theodore F. , Wentworth David E.
Published: September 2018

The 2017–2018 seasonal influenza epidemics were severe in the US and Australia where the A(H3N2) subtype viruses predominated. Although circulating A(H3N2) viruses did not differ antigenically from that recommended by the WHO for vaccine production, overall interim vaccine effectiveness estimates were below historic averages (33%) for A(H3N2) viruses. The majority (US) or all (Australian) vaccine doses contained multiple amino-acid changes in the hemagglutinin protein, resulting from the necessary adaptation of the virus to embryonated hen’s eggs used for most vaccine manufacturing. Previous reports have suggested a potential negative impact of egg-driven substitutions on vaccine performance. With BARDA support, two vaccines licensed in the US are produced in cell culture: recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV, Flublok™) manufactured in insect cells and inactivated mammalian cell-grown vaccine (ccIIV, Flucelvax™). Quadrivalent ccIIV (ccIIV4) vaccine for the 2017–2018 influenza season was produced using an A(H3N2) seed virus propagated exclusively in cell culture and therefore lacking egg adaptative changes. Sufficient ccIIV doses were distributed (but not RIV doses) to enable preliminary estimates of its higher effectiveness relative to the traditional egg-based vaccines, with study details pending. The increased availability of comparative product-specific vaccine effectiveness estimates for cell-based and egg-based vaccines may provide critical clues to inform vaccine product improvements moving forward.
Prospective motor control obeys to idiosyncratic strategies in autism
Authors: Cavallo Andrea , Romeo Luca , Ansuini Caterina , Podda Jessica , Battaglia Francesca , Veneselli Edvige , Pontil Massimiliano , Becchio Cristina
Published: September 2018

Disturbance of primary prospective motor control has been proposed to contribute to faults in higher mind functions of individuals with autism spectrum disorder, but little research has been conducted to characterize prospective control strategies in autism. In the current study, we applied pattern-classification analyses to kinematic features to verify whether children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) children altered their initial grasp in anticipation of self- and other-actions. Results indicate that children with autism adjusted their behavior to accommodate onward actions. The way they did so, however, varied idiosyncratically from one individual to another, which suggests that previous characterizations of general lack of prospective control strategies may be overly simplistic. These findings link abnormalities in anticipatory control with increased variability and offer insights into the difficulties that individuals with ASD may experience in social interaction.
A comparison of the effectiveness of cyclophosphamide, leflunomide, corticosteroids, or conservative management alone in patients with IgA nephropathy: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Chen Shasha , Yin Qing , Ren Song , Zhong Xiang , Wang Wei , Li Guisen , Wang Li
Published: September 2018

To compare the long-term efficacy of corticosteroids (P) alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide (CTX), leflunomide (LEF), or Angiotensin-convertase inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) in treatment for IgA nephropathy (IgAN), 311 patients with IgAN were identified. Therapeutic effectiveness (including progression, partial remission, complete remission) and combined renal endpoint (defined as 30% reduction in eGFR or ESRD) were compared based on different therapies. After immunosuppressive and ACEI/ARB treatment, the levels of eGFR, proteinuria and albumin were significantly improved at the last follow-up, the extent of improvement of eGFR, proteinuria, and albumin was more notable in P + CTX group and P + LEF group. 41%, 52.2%, 55.3% and 55.2% in P + CTX, P + LEF, P and ACEI/ARB group achieved complete remission, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that only proteinuria (Relative risk (RR) 0.82(0.72–0.94), P = 0.004) and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (RR 0.26(0.13–0.57), P = 0.001) were predictors for complete remission. The optimal cutoffs of eGFR was 47.085 ml/min/1.73 m2 predicting renal function recovery in P + CTX therapy. In conclusion, tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis and massive proteinuria were poor predictors for complete remission in IgAN, it appears as though patients may have benefited from immunosuppressive treatment but that comparison to a well-matched contemporary control group or, ideally, a randomized controlled clinical trial, would be required to show this.
Birth weight and catch up growth are associated with childhood impulsivity in two independent cohorts
Authors: Silveira Patrícia P. , Pokhvisneva Irina , Gaudreau Hélène , Rifkin-Graboi Anne , Broekman Birit F. P. , Steiner Meir , Levitan Robert , Parent Carine , Diorio Josie , Meaney Michael J.
Published: September 2018

Individuals born after intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are more impulsive towards palatable foods, but it is not clear 1) if IUGR-related impulsivity is specific for foods and solely based on response inhibition and 2) if the development of impulsivity is due to being born IUGR per se or to growing up fast in the first few years of life (catch up growth). Children were classified in the IUGR group if the birth weight ratio was below 0.85. Delta z score for BMI was used as a measure of catch up growth. In MAVAN (N = 274), impulsivity was measured by the Information Sampling Task from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (IST - CANTAB), and in GUSTO using the Sticker Delay Task (N = 327). There is a significant effect of interaction between being born IUGR and the magnitude of catch up growth on the reflection impulsivity from IST-CANTAB at 60 months, in which greater catch up growth associates with greater impulsivity in the IST fixed condition in IUGR children. The finding was reproduced in children from the GUSTO cohort using the Sticker Delay Task. We confirmed that catch up growth interacts with IUGR, having a major role in the development of impulsivity in the first years of life and influencing inhibitory control and decision making processes.
A microfluidic device for isolating intact chromosomes from single mammalian cells and probing their folding stability by controlling solution conditions
Authors: Takahashi Tomohiro , Okeyo Kennedy O. , Ueda Jun , Yamagata Kazuo , Washizu Masao , Oana Hidehiro
Published: September 2018

Chromatin folding shows spatio-temporal fluctuations in living undifferentiated cells, but fixed spatial heterogeneity in differentiated cells. However, little is known about variation in folding stability along the chromatin fibres during differentiation. In addition, effective methods to investigate folding stability at the single cell level are lacking. In the present study, we developed a microfluidic device that enables non-destructive isolation of chromosomes from single mammalian cells as well as real-time microscopic monitoring of the partial unfolding and stretching of individual chromosomes with increasing salt concentrations under a gentle flow. Using this device, we compared the folding stability of chromosomes between non-differentiated and differentiated cells and found that the salt concentration which induces the chromosome unfolding was lower (≤500 mM NaCl) for chromosomes derived from undifferentiated cells, suggesting that the chromatin folding stability of these cells is lower than that of differentiated cells. In addition, individual unfolded chromosomes, i.e., chromatin fibres, were stretched to 150–800 µm non-destructively under 750 mM NaCl and showed distributions of highly/less folded regions along the fibres. Thus, our technique can provide insights into the aspects of chromatin folding that influence the epigenetic control of cell differentiation.
First evidence of octacalcium phosphate@osteocalcin nanocomplex as skeletal bone component directing collagen triple–helix nanofibril mineralization
Authors: Simon Paul , Grüner Daniel , Worch Hartmut , Pompe Wolfgang , Lichte Hannes , El Khassawna Thaqif , Heiss Christian , Wenisch Sabine , Kniep Rüdiger
Published: September 2018

Tibia trabeculae and vertebrae of rats as well as human femur were investigated by high-resolution TEM at the atomic scale in order to reveal snapshots of the morphogenetic processes of local bone ultrastructure formation. By taking into account reflections of hydroxyapatite for Fourier filtering the appearance of individual alpha–chains within the triple–helix clearly shows that bone bears the feature of an intergrowth composite structure extending from the atomic to the nanoscale, thus representing a molecular composite of collagen and apatite. Careful Fourier analysis reveals that the non–collagenous protein osteocalcin is present directly combined with octacalcium phosphate. Besides single spherical specimen of about 2 nm in diameter, osteocalcin is spread between and over collagen fibrils and is often observed as pearl necklace strings. In high-resolution TEM, the three binding sites of the γ-carboxylated glutamic acid groups of the mineralized osteocalcin were successfully imaged, which provide the chemical binding to octacalcium phosphate. Osteocalcin is attached to the collagen structure and interacts with the Ca–sites on the (100) dominated hydroxyapatite platelets with Ca-Ca distances of about 9.5 Å. Thus, osteocalcin takes on the functions of Ca–ion transport and suppression of hydroxyapatite expansion.
Task-evoked pupil responses reflect internal belief states
Authors: Colizoli Olympia , de Gee Jan Willem , Urai Anne E. , Donner Tobias H.
Published: September 2018

Perceptual decisions about the state of the environment are often made in the face of uncertain evidence. Internal uncertainty signals are considered important regulators of learning and decision-making. A growing body of work has implicated the brain’s arousal systems in uncertainty signaling. Here, we found that two specific computational variables, postulated by recent theoretical work, evoke boosts of arousal at different times during a perceptual decision: decision confidence (the observer’s internally estimated probability that a choice was correct given the evidence) before feedback, and prediction errors (deviations from expected reward) after feedback. We monitored pupil diameter, a peripheral marker of central arousal state, while subjects performed a challenging perceptual choice task with a delayed monetary reward. We quantified evoked pupil responses during decision formation and after reward-linked feedback. During both intervals, decision difficulty and accuracy had interacting effects on pupil responses. Pupil responses negatively scaled with decision confidence prior to feedback and scaled with uncertainty-dependent prediction errors after feedback. This pattern of pupil responses during both intervals was in line with a model using the observer’s graded belief about choice accuracy to anticipate rewards and compute prediction errors. We conclude that pupil-linked arousal systems are modulated by internal belief states.
IL-27 amplifies cytokine responses to Gram-negative bacterial products and Salmonella typhimurium infection
Authors: Petes C. , Odoardi N. , Plater S. M. , Martin N. L. , Gee K.
Published: September 2018

Cytokine responses from monocytes and macrophages exposed to bacteria are of particular importance in innate immunity. Focusing on the impact of the immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-27 on control of innate immune system responses, we examined human immune responses to bacterial products and bacterial infection by E. coli and S. typhimurium. Since the effect of IL-27 treatment in human myeloid cells infected with bacteria is understudied, we treated human monocytes and macrophages with IL-27 and either LPS, flagellin, or bacteria, to investigate the effect on inflammatory signaling and cytokine responses. We determined that simultaneous stimulation with IL-27 and LPS derived from E. coli or S. typhimurium resulted in enhanced IL-12p40, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression compared to that by LPS alone. To elucidate if IL-27 manipulated the cellular response to infection with bacteria, we infected IL-27 treated human macrophages with S. typhimurium. While IL-27 did not affect susceptibility to S. typhimurium infection or S. typhimurium-induced cell death, IL-27 significantly enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production in infected cells. Taken together, we highlight a role for IL-27 in modulating innate immune responses to bacterial infection.
Critical roles of serotonin-oxytocin interaction during the neonatal period in social behavior in 15q dup mice with autistic traits
Authors: Nagano Masatoshi , Takumi Toru , Suzuki Hidenori
Published: September 2018

Disturbance of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators is thought to underlie the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies of 15q dup mouse models of ASD with human 15q11–13 duplication have revealed that restoring serotonin (5-HT) levels can partially reverse ASD-related symptoms in adults. However, it remains unclear how serotonin contributes to the behavioral symptoms of ASD. In contrast, oxytocin (OXT) has been found to involve social and affiliative behaviors. In this study, we examined whether serotonin-OXT interaction during the early postnatal period plays a critical role in the restoration of social abnormality in 15q dup mice. OXT or the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8OH-DPAT treatment from postnatal day 7 (PD7) to PD21 ameliorated social abnormality in the three-chamber social interaction test in adult 15q dup mice. The effect of 8OH-DPAT was inhibited by blockade of OXT receptors in 15q dup mice. Thus, serotonin-OXT interaction via 5-HT1A receptors plays a critical role in the normal development of social behavior in 15q dup mice. Therefore, targeting serotonin-OXT interaction may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of ASD.
Generic sofosbuvir-based interferon-free direct acting antiviral agents for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a real-world multicenter observational study
Authors: Liu Chen-Hua , Huang Yi-Jie , Yang Sien-Sing , Chang Chung-Hsin , Yang Sheng-Shun , Sun Hsin-Yun , Liu Chun-Jen , Liu Wen-Chun , Su Tung-Hung , Yang Hung-Chih , Hong Chun-Ming , Tseng Tai-Chung , Chen Pei-Jer , Chen Ding-Shinn , Hung Chien-Ching , Kao Jia-Horng
Published: September 2018

Real-world data regarding the effectiveness and safety of generic sofosbuvir (SOF)-based interferon-free direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remain limited. A total of 517 chronic HCV-infected patients receiving 12 or 24 weeks of SOF-based therapies were retrospectively enrolled in 4 academic centers in Taiwan. The rate of sustained virologic response at week 12 off-therapy (SVR12) and that of treatment completion were assessed. The baseline characteristics and on-treatment HCV viral kinetics to predict SVR12 were analyzed. By evaluable population (EP) analysis, the SVR12 rate was 95.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 93.2–96.9%). The SVR12 was achieved in 29 of 34 patients (85.3%, 95% CI: 69.6–93.6%), 130 of 139 patients (93.5%, 95% CI: 88.2–96.6%), 119 of 124 patients (96.0%, 95% CI: 90.9–98.3%) and 215 of 220 patients (97.7%, 95% CI: 94.8–99.0%) who received SOF in combination with ribavirin (RBV), ledipasvir (LDV), daclatasvir (DCV) and velpatasvir (VEL), respectively. Of 517 patients, 514 (99.4%) completed the scheduled treatment. All 15 patients with true virologic failures were relapsers. Two decompensated cirrhotic patients had on-treatment deaths which were not related to DAAs. All 7 patients who were lost to follow-up had undetectable HCV RNA level at the last visit. The SVR12 rates were comparable in terms of baseline patient characteristics and viral decline at week 4 of treatment. In conclusion, generic SOF-based regimens are well tolerated and provide high SVR12 rates in patients with chronic HCV infection.
Actinobacteria associated with Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. are diverse and have plant growth promoting and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Zhao Ke , Li Jing , Zhang Xiaoyue , Chen Qiang , Liu Maoke , Ao Xiaolin , Gu Yunfu , Liao Decong , Xu Kaiwei , Ma Monggeng , Yu Xiumei , Xiang Quanju , Chen Ji , Zhang Xiaoping , Penttinen Petri
Published: September 2018

Many of the plant associated microbes may directly and indirectly contribute to plant growth and stress resistance. Our aim was to assess the plant growth-promoting and antimicrobial activities of actinobacteria isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. plants to find strains that could be applied in agricultural industry, for example in reclaiming saline soils. We isolated 36 and 52 strains that showed morphological characteristics of actinobacteria from one year old and three year old G. inflata plants, respectively. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains represented ten actinobacterial genera. Most of the strains had plant growth promoting characteristics in vitro, tolerated 200 mM NaCl and inhibited the growth of at least one indicator organism. The eight selected Streptomyces strains increased the germination rate of G. inflata seeds under salt stress. In addition, the four best seed germination promoters promoted the growth of G. inflata in vivo. The best promoters of G. inflata growth, strains SCAU5283 and SCAU5215, inhibited a wide range of indicator organisms, and may thus be considered as promising candidates to be applied in inoculating G. inflata.
Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Patients with Intracranial Meningiomas: impact of radiotherapy regimen on local control
Authors: Meniai-Merzouki F. , Bernier-Chastagner V. , Geffrelot J. , Tresch E. , Lacornerie T. , Coche-Dequeant B. , Lartigau E. , Pasquier D.
Published: September 2018

We evaluated efficacy and tolerance of hypofractionated stereotactic radiation treatment (hFSRT) in the management of intracranial meningiomas. Between December 2008 and June 2016, 126 patients with 136 intracranial meningiomas were treated with robotic hFSRT. hFSRT was performed as primary irradiation and as a salvage option for the local recurrence after prior radiotherapy. The median prescription dose was 25 Gy (12–40) with a median number of fractions of 5 (3–10). After a median follow-up of 20.3 months (range 1–77 months), the 24-months local control (LC) rate was 81% in the primary hFSRT group and 39% after hFSRT in the re-irradiation group (p=0.002). The clinical control rate of symptoms in the overall population was 95% (95% CI: 89–98%). Progression-free survival (PFS) in the overall population at 24 months was 70% (95% CI: 60%–79%). In the primary hFSRT group, PFS was significantly lower with the most hypofractionated schedules of 21–23 Gy in 3 fractions vs. 25–40 Gy in 5–10 fractions: 62% vs. 92% (p = 0.0006). The incidence of radionecrosis at 24 months was significantly lower in the primary hFSRT group, at 2% vs. 20% in the re-irradiation hFSRT group (p = 0.002).
The role of peptide microarrays in biomedical research
Authors: Meng Xianying , Wei Jia , Wang Yaoqi , Zhang Hua , Wang Zhenxin
Published: September 2018

Peptide microarrays, comprising hundreds to thousands of different peptides on solid supports in a spatially discrete pattern, are increasingly being used as high throughput screening tools with high sensitivity in biomedical science.
A hierarchical CoTe2–MnTe2 hybrid nanowire array enables high activity for oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Wang Ziqiang , Ren Xiang , Wang Liang , Cui Guanwei , Wang Hongjing , Sun Xuping
Published: September 2018

A hierarchical CoTe2–MnTe2 hybrid nanowire array exhibits enhanced water oxidation activity in alkaline media due to its excellent conductivity and rich active sites.
Relativistic corrections to the ground states of HD and D2 calculated without using the Born–Oppenheimer approximation
Authors: Wang Liming , Yan Zong-Chao
Published: September 2018

Relativistic corrections to the ground states of HD and D2 are calculated to high accuracy in this work.
Spatial and orientational dependence of electron transfer parameters in aggregates of iridium-containing host materials for OLEDs: coupling constrained density functional theory with molecular dynamics
Authors: Baldoni Matteo , Lorenzoni Andrea , Pecchia Alessandro , Mercuri Francesco
Published: September 2018

The integration between molecular dynamics and constrained density functional theory allows to evaluate charge transport parameters in bulk organic semiconductors.
Amide–imide tautomerization in the glutamine side chain in enzymatic and photochemical reactions in proteins
Authors: Grigorenko Bella L. , Khrenova Maria G. , Nemukhin Alexander V.
Published: September 2018

Amide–imide tautomerization in Gln is critical in the mechanisms of enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of GTP and light-induced activation of BLUF domains.
Li-decorated carbon ene–yne as a potential high-capacity hydrogen storage medium
Authors: Li Qingfang , Wang Haifeng , Sun Tingting , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2018

Based on comprehensive first-principles calculations, we predict that Li-decorated carbon ene–yne (CEY) can serve as a reversible and high density hydrogen storage medium.
The surface and catalytic chemistry of the first row transition metal phosphides in deoxygenation
Authors: He Yang , Laursen Siris
Published: September 2018

The proven utility of transition metal (TM) phosphides in catalytic deoxygenation reactions and their ability to preserve unsaturation or aromaticity in products has suggested the materials exhibit unique surface chemistry towards C, O, and H.
Validation of a quantitative PCR based detection system for indoor mold exposure assessment in bioaerosols
Authors: Unterwurzacher Verena , Pogner Clara , Berger Harald , Strauss Joseph , Strauss-Goller Sabine , Gorfer Markus
Published: September 2018

Validation of a newly developed qPCR based detection system showed that sample spiking, parallel measurements of known references and final data normalization are crucial for reliability and possible comparison of air quality assessments addressing indoor mold.
Modeling reactive transport of polydisperse nanoparticles: assessment of the representative particle approach
Authors: Taghavy Amir , Abriola Linda M.
Published: September 2018

Our goal was to characterize the uncertainty in the estimates of the mobility and reactivity of polydisperse nanocolloids introduced into computations when a distribution of particle sizes is replaced with a representative particle diameter through ensemble averaging.
Copper(ii) complexes based on quinoline-derived Schiff-base ligands: synthesis, characterization, HSA/DNA binding ability, and anticancer activity
Authors: Hu Kun , Liu Chensi , Li Jingui , Liang Fupei
Published: September 2018

Three Cu(ii) complexes (C1–C3) were designed and synthesized.C3, in particular, having a ligand derived from benzocaine, exhibited greater selectivity toward HeLa cells, arrested cell cycles, and promoted tumor cell apoptosis.
Antiplasmodial imidazopyridazines: structure–activity relationship studies lead to the identification of analogues with improved solubility and hERG profiles
Authors: Cheuka Peter Mubanga , Lawrence Nina , Taylor Dale , Wittlin Sergio , Chibale Kelly
Published: September 2018

Structural modifications around an antimalarial imidazopyridazine scaffold delivers analogues with improved solubility and hERG profiles.
Metallothionein diversity and distribution in the tree of life: a multifunctional protein
Authors: Ziller Antoine , Fraissinet-Tachet Laurence
Published: September 2018

Metallothioneins are diverse, but not represented yet in all phyla. Moreover, they play a central role as a [MT:T:TO] protein system.
Enzymatic self-wiring in nanopores and its application in direct electron transfer biofuel cells
Authors: Trifonov Alexander , Stemmer Andreas , Tel-Vered Ran
Published: September 2018

Direct electron transfer bioelectrocatalysis through synthesized metal nanoclusters in confined pores.
Experimental validation of a computationally-designed tiotropium membrane sensor
Authors: Yehia Ali M. , Abo-Elhoda Soad E. , Hassan Nagiba Y. , Badawey Amr M.
Published: September 2018

This work draws an analogy between theoretical and practical data for innocuous potentiometric sensor optimization.
Robust heterometallic MOF catalysts for the cyanosilylation of aldehydes
Authors: Du Jia-Jia , Zhang Xiang , Zhou Xiao-Ping , Li Dan
Published: September 2018

Zn2+/Cu2+ ions are doped into a Mn2+ based frail MOF to form robust heterometallic MOFs catalysts for the cyanosilylation of aldehydes.
Iridium-catalyzed oxidative Ar–H/Ar–H cross-coupling of primary benzamides with thiophenes
Authors: Tan Guangying , Ran Chunhao , You Jingsong
Published: September 2018

Described herein is an iridium(iii)-catalyzed oxidative Ar–H/Ar–H cross-coupling of primary benzamides with thiophenes for the synthesis of (2-thienyl)benzamides.
Fabrication of ZnO nanoarchitectured fluorine-free robust superhydrophobic and UV shielding polyester fabrics for umbrella canopies
Authors: Ekanayake U. G. Mihiri , Rathuwadu N. , Mantilaka M. M. M. G. P. G. , Rajapakse R. M. G.
Published: September 2018

Mechanically robust, durable, fluorine-free superhydrophobic and UV shielding surfaces are fabricated on polyester umbrella canopy fabrics by self-assembly of stearic acid on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoarchitectures on polyester fabrics.
A robust iron catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of substituted (iso)quinolones
Authors: Sahoo Basudev , Kreyenschulte Carsten , Agostini Giovanni , Lund Henrik , Bachmann Stephan , Scalone Michelangelo , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: September 2018

By applying N-doped carbon modified iron-based catalysts, the controlled hydrogenation of N-heteroarenes is achieved.
Synthesis and reactivity of a PCcarbeneP cobalt(i) complex: the missing link in the cobalt PXP pincer series (X = B, C, N)
Authors: Sung Simon , Wang Qingyang , Krämer Tobias , Young Rowan D.
Published: September 2018

We report the first example of a cobalt PCcarbeneP pincer complex (1) featuring a central alkylidene carbon donor accessed through the dehydration of an alcoholic POP proligand.
Palladium(ii)-catalyzed γ-selective hydroarylation of alkenyl carbonyl compounds with arylboronic acids
Authors: Matsuura Rei , Jankins Tanner C. , Hill David E. , Yang Kin S. , Gallego Gary M. , Yang Shouliang , He Mingying , Wang Fen , Marsters Rohan P. , McAlpine Indrawan , Engle Keary M.
Published: September 2018

A catalytic γ-selective syn-hydroarylation of alkenyl carbonyl compounds using arylboronic acids has been developed using a substrate directivity approach with a palladium(ii) catalyst.
Versatile perovskite solar cell encapsulation by low-temperature ALD-Al2O3with long-term stability improvement
Authors: Ramos F. Javier , Maindron Tony , Béchu Solène , Rebai Amelle , Frégnaux Mathieu , Bouttemy Muriel , Rousset Jean , Schulz Philip , Schneider Nathanaelle
Published: September 2018

A low temperature (60 °C) encapsulation process based on a single thin (16 nm) coating of Al2O3prepared by atomic layer deposition.
Effect of Sn element on optimizing thermoelectric performance of Te nanowires
Authors: Sun Pengliang , Li Changcun , Xu Jingkun , Jiang Qinglin , Wang Wenfang , Liu Jing , Zhao Feng , Ding Yongbo , Hou Jian , Jiang Fengxing
Published: September 2018

The power factor of low dimensional Te NWs films was significantly increased by the lead-free metal Sn element.
Bacterial and archaeal community structure involved in biofuels production using hydrothermal- and enzymatic-pretreated sugarcane bagasse for an improvement in hydrogen and methane production
Authors: Braga Juliana K. , Motteran Fabrício , Sakamoto Isabel K. , Varesche Maria Bernadete A.
Published: September 2018

Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was used as a lignocellulosic substrate, combining the co-production of H2(Stage I) and CH4(Stage II) by a dark fermentation process in batch reactors.
Coupling FeNi alloys and hollow nitrogen-enriched carbon frameworks leads to high-performance oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable zinc–air batteries
Authors: Wu Haihong , Zeng Min , Li Zhiyun , Zhu Xiang , Tian Chengcheng , Xia Chungu , He Lin , Dai Sheng
Published: September 2018

A dual-template strategy for facile preparation of a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for high-performance rechargeable zinc–air batteries has been reported.
Probing the organization and dynamics of two DNA chains trapped in a nanofluidic cavity
Authors: Capaldi Xavier , Liu Zezhou , Zhang Yuning , Zeng Lili , Reyes-Lamothe Rodrigo , Reisner Walter
Published: September 2018

We determine the degree of partitioning/mixing in two-polymer confinement in nanofluidic cavities and assess coupled diffusion of the chain center-of-mass positions finding that polymer dynamics and conformation are strongly affected.
The best composition of an Y-doped BaZrO3 electrolyte: selection criteria from transport properties, microstructure, and phase behavior
Authors: Han Donglin , Uda Tetsuya
Published: September 2018

A Y content of around 20 mol% and a Ba content approaching unity are essential for excellent sinterability, high ionic conductivity, and a high transport number of ionic conduction in Y-doped BaZrO3.
Structure-, dimension-, and particle size-engineering toward highly efficient supported nanoparticulate metal catalysts
Authors: Long Yangke , Huang Yixuan , Shi Xiaowen , Xiao Ling
Published: September 2018

Among the nitrogen doped carbon-supported nanoparticulate cobalt catalysts of different dimensions and cobalt particle sizes screened, 2D Co–N–C-0.5 is identified as the most efficient catalyst.
Mammalian cells: a unique scaffold forin situbiosynthesis of metallic nanomaterials and biomedical applications
Authors: Rehman Fawad Ur , Jiang Hui , Selke Matthias , Wang Xuemei
Published: September 2018

Nanoscale materials biosynthesis by using mammalian scaffold is green and highly biocompatible.
Lipids modulate the insertion and folding of the nascent chains of alpha helical membrane proteins
Authors: Harris Nicola J. , Charalambous Kalypso , Findlay Heather E. , Booth Paula J.
Published: September 2018

Membrane proteins must be inserted into a membrane and folded into their correct structure to function correctly. This insertion occurs during translation and synthesis by the ribosome for most α-helical membrane proteins. Precisely how this co-translational insertion and folding occurs, and the role played by the surrounding lipids, is still not understood. Most of the work on the influence of the lipid environment on folding and insertion has focussed on denatured, fully translated proteins, and thus does not replicate folding during unidirectional elongation of nascent chains that occurs in the cell. This review aims to highlight recent advances in elucidating lipid composition and bilayer properties optimal for insertion and folding of nascent chains in the membrane and in the assembly of oligomeric proteins.
Dissecting the role of His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase/PTPN23 and ESCRTs in sorting activated epidermal growth factor receptor to the multivesicular body
Authors: Tabernero Lydia , Woodman Philip
Published: September 2018

Sorting of activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) into intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) within the multivesicular body (MVB) is an essential step during the down-regulation of the receptor. The machinery that drives EGFR sorting attaches to the cytoplasmic face of the endosome and generates vesicles that bud into the endosome lumen, but somehow escapes encapsulation itself. This machinery is termed the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) pathway, a series of multi-protein complexes and accessory factors first identified in yeast. Here, we review the yeast ESCRT pathway and describe the corresponding components in mammalian cells that sort EGFR. One of these is His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase (HD-PTP/PTPN23), and we review the interactions involving HD-PTP and ESCRTs. Finally, we describe a working model for how this ESCRT pathway might overcome the intrinsic topographical problem of EGFR sorting to the MVB lumen.
Archival VLT/NaCo multiplicity investigation of exoplanet host stars
Authors: Dietrich J. , Ginski C.
Published: September 2018

Context. The influence of stellar multiplicity on planet formation is not yet well determined. Most planets are found using indirect detection methods via the small radial velocity or photometric variations of the primary star. These indirect detection methods are not sensitive to wide stellar companions. High-resolution imaging is thus needed to identify potential (sub)stellar companions to these stars.

Aims. In this study we aim to determine the (sub)stellar multiplicity status of exoplanet host stars, that were not previously investigated for stellar multiplicity in the literature. For systems with non-detections we provide detailed detection limits to make them accessible for further statistical analysis.

Methods. For this purpose we have employed previously unpublished high-resolution imaging data taken with VLT/NACO in a wide variety of different scientific programs and publicly accessible in the ESO archive. We used astrometric and theoretical population synthesis to determine whether detected companion candidates are likely to be bound or are merely chance-projected background objects.

Results. We provide detailed detection limits for 39 systems and investigate 29 previously unknown companion candidates around five systems. In addition, we show for the first time that the previously known companion candidate around HD 204313 is likely a background object. By comparison with secondary epochs of 2MASS data we show that the companion candidates around GJ 176 and HD 40307, as well as two of the sources around HD 85390, are likely background objects. For HD 113538 and HD 190984, as well as multiple further companion candidates around HD 85390, further observational data is required to test common proper motion of the companion candidates.
Effects of resonant scattering of the Si IV doublet near 140 nm in a solar active region
Authors: Gontikakis C. , Vial J.-C.
Published: September 2018

Aims. In a previous study we analysed the C IV 1548.189 Å and 1550.775 Å lines observed with the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER), showing cases where the 1548.189 Å spectral profile was noticeably different from the 1550.775 Å one, profiles that we dubbed differentially shaped profiles. We explained this differential behaviour by an important radiative contribution, affecting multiple plasma motions happening at the instrument sub-resolution scale. In the present study we examine more general cases where radiative effects may contribute to the emission from the transition region of an active region. Here we analyse the lines Si IV 1393.757 Å and 1402.772 Å observed with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS).

Methods. We study active region NOAA 12529, observed with IRIS on 18 April 2016. Using sorting techniques we selected individual profiles for which the intensity line ratio 1393.757 Å/1402.772 Å is significantly higher or lower than 2 and we also tracked differentially shaped profiles. We analyse the physical conditions that create these profiles and in some cases we estimate electron densities.

Results. We found more than 4000 individual profiles with line ratios higher than 2, about 500 profiles for which the line ratio is in the range 1.3–1.6, and 15 differentially shaped profiles. Line ratios higher than 2, are found along loops, and mostly at the y = 250 to 300″ part of the plage. There, we estimated the incident radiation and derived electron densities that can vary from 109 to a few times 1011 cm−3, depending on the plasma temperature. For the low line ratios, the sources are concentrated at the periphery of the active region plage, mostly along fibrils and present optical depths, τ, between 1.5 and 3. in most cases. The electron densities calculated from these Si IV profiles are comparable with electron densities derived using the O IV 1399.766 Å-1401.163 Å ratios.

Conclusions. We found that about 2.4% of the individual profiles for which we can perform a Gaussian fit present a line ratio higher than 2. In profiles with a high line ratio, the resonant scattering appears to be due to the combination of an average incident radiation field with a relatively low local electron density and not due to the vicinity of an ephemeral strong light source. As far as low intensity ratios are concerned, non-negligible optical depths are found at the edge of the plage, near the footpoints of fibrils that are oriented towards quiet Sun areas, where the electron density can be as high as (7 − 9) × 1011 cm−3 if we assume a plasma in ionization equilibrium.
HELP: modelling the spectral energy distributions ofHerscheldetected galaxies in the ELAIS N1 field
Authors: Małek K. , Buat V. , Roehlly Y. , Burgarella D. , Hurley P. D. , Shirley R. , Duncan K. , Efstathiou A. , Papadopoulos A. , Vaccari M. , Farrah D. , Marchetti L. , Oliver S.
Published: September 2018

Aims.TheHerschelExtragalactic Legacy Project (HELP) focuses on the data from ESA’sHerschelmission, which covered over 1300 deg2and is preparing to publish a multi-wavelength catalogue of millions of objects. Our main goal is to find the best approach to simultaneously fitting spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of millions of galaxies across a wide redshift range to obtain homogeneous estimates of the main physical parameters of detected infrared (IR) galaxies.

Methods.We perform SED fitting on the ultraviolet(UV)/near-infrared(NIR) to far-infrared(FIR) emission of 42 047 galaxies from the pilot HELP field: ELAIS N1. To do this we use the latest release of CIGALE, a galaxy SED fitting code relying on energy balance, to deliver the main physical parameters such as stellar mass, star formation rate, and dust luminosity. We implement additional quality criteria to the fits by calculatingχ2values for the stellar and dust part of the spectra independently. These criteria allow us to identify the best fits and to identify peculiar galaxies. We perform the SED fitting of ELAIS N1 galaxies by assuming three different dust attenuation laws separately allowing us to test the impact of the assumed law on estimated physical parameters.

Results.We implemented two additional quality value checks for the SED fitting method based on stellar mass estimation and energy budget. This method allows us to identify possible objects with incorrect matching in the catalogue and peculiar galaxies; we found 351 possible candidates of lensed galaxies using two complementaryχ2s criteria (stellar and infraredχ2s) and photometric redshifts calculated for the IR part of the spectrum only. We find that the attenuation law has an important impact on the stellar mass estimate (on average leading to disparities of a factor of two). We derive the relation between stellar mass estimates obtained by three different attenuation laws and we find the best recipe for our sample. We also make independent estimates of the total dust luminosity parameter from stellar emission by fitting the galaxies with and without IR data separately.