bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutrient and carbonate chemistry patterns associated with Karenia brevis blooms in three West Florida Shelf estuaries 2020-2023
Authors: Hall Emily R. , Yates Kimberly K. , Hubbard Katherine A. , Garrett Matthew J. , Frankle Jessica D.
Published: January 2024

Ocean acidification (OA) driven by eutrophication, riverine discharge, and other threats from local population growth that affect the inorganic carbonate system is already affecting the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Long-term declines in pH of ~ -0.001 pH units yr-1 have been observed in many southwest Florida estuaries over the past few decades. Coastal and estuarine waters of southwest Florida experience high biomass harmful algal blooms (HABs) of the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis nearly every year; and these blooms have the potential to impact and be impacted by seasonal to interannual patterns of carbonate chemistry. Sampling was conducted seasonally along three estuarine transects (Tampa Bay, Charlotte Harbor, Caloosahatchee River) between May 2020 and May 2023 to obtain baseline measurements of carbonate chemistry prior to, during, and following K. brevis blooms. Conductivity, temperature and depth data and discrete water samples for K. brevis cell abundance, nutrients, and carbonate chemistry (total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbonate (DIC), pCO2, and pHT were evaluated to identify seasonal patterns and linkages among carbonate system variables, nutrients, and K. brevis blooms. Karenia brevis blooms were observed during six samplings, and highest pCO2 and lowest pHT was observed either during or after blooms in all three estuaries. Highest average pH and lowest pCO2 were observed in Tampa Bay. In all three estuaries, average DIC and pHT were higher and pCO2 was lower during dry seasons than wet seasons. There was strong influence of net community calcification (NCC) and net community production (NCP) on the carbonate system; and NCC : NCP ratios in Tampa Bay, Charlotte Harbor, and the Caloosahatchee River were 0.83, 0.93, and 1.02, respectively. Linear relationships between salinity and dissolved ammonium, phosphate, and nitrate indicate strong influence of freshwater inflow from river input and discharge events on nutrient concentrations. This study is a first step towards connecting observations of high biomass blooms like those caused by K. brevis and alterations of carbonate chemistry in Southwest Florida. Our study demonstrates the need for integrated monitoring to improve understanding of interactions among the carbonate system, HABs, water quality, and acidification over local to regional spatial scales and event to decadal time scales.
Gut microbiota, circulating metabolites, and gallstone disease: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Hu Xutao , Binxu Qiu , Shao Guang-zhao , Huang Yu , Qiu Wei
Published: January 2024

Background

The link between Gut microbiota (GM) and Gallstone disease (GSD) is well established, but it is not clear whether there is a causal relationship between the two associations.

Methods

We conducted bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, leveraging aggregated data from the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of GM and Circulating Metabolites. Our primary objective was to investigate the causal interplay between intestinal flora and GSD. Additionally, we performed mediational analyses, two-step MR, and multivariate MR to uncover the potential mediating effect of circulating metabolites in this relationship.

Result

Our study has revealed a causal relationship between GSD and six distinct bacterial groups. Genetically predicted Class Bacilli (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.901, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): 0.825–0.985; p = 0.021), Order Lactobacillales (OR: 0.895, 95% CI: 0.816–0.981; p = 0.017), and Genus Coprococcus 2 (OR: 0.884, 95% CI: 0.804–0.973; p = 0.011) were inversely associated with the risk of GSD. Conversely, the Genus Clostridiumsensustricto1 (OR: 1.158, 95% CI: 1.029–1.303; p = 0.015), Genus Coprococcus3 (OR: 1.166, 95% CI: 1.024–1.327; p = 0.020), and Genus Peptococcus (OR: 1.070, 95% CI: 1.017–1.125; p = 0.009) were positively associated with the risk of GSD. Moreover, our findings suggest that the positive influence of the Genus Peptococcus on GSD may be mediated through Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).

Conclusion

This study reinforces the connection between the gut microbiome and the risk of GSD while also unveiling the mediating role of Omega-3 PUFA in the causal relationship between these factors.
Viral infection of an estuarine Synechococcus influences its co-occurring heterotrophic bacterial community in the culture
Authors: Man Hongcong , Liu Binbin , Zheng Hongrui , Liu Jihua , Xu Yongle , Chen Feng
Published: January 2024

Viruses are infectious and abundant in the marine environment. Viral lysis of host cells releases organic matter and nutrients that affect the surrounding microbial community. Synechococcus are important primary producers in the ocean and they are subject to frequent viral infection. In the laboratory, Synechococcus cultures are often associated with bacteria and such a co-existence relationship appears to be important to the growth and stability of Synechococcus. However, we know little about how viral lysis of Synechococcus affects the co-existing bacteria in the culture. This study investigated the influence of viral infection of Synechococcus on co-occurring bacterial community in the culture. We analyzed the community composition, diversity, predicted functions of the bacterial community, and its correlations with fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) components and nutrients after introducing a cyanophage to the Synechococcus culture. Cyanophage infection altered the bacterial community structure and increased the bacterial diversity and richness. Increased bacterial groups such as Bacteroidetes and Alphaproteobacteria and decreased bacterial groups such as Gammaproteobacteria were observed. Moreover, cyanophage infection reduced bacterial interactions but enhanced correlations between the dominant bacterial taxa and nutrients. Unique FDOM components were observed in the cyanophage-added culture. Fluorescence intensities of FDOM components varied across the cyanophage-infection process. Decreased nitrate and increased ammonium and phosphate in the cyanophage-added culture coupled with the viral progeny production and increased substance transport and metabolism potentials of the bacterial community. Furthermore, increased potentials in methane metabolism and aromatic compound degradation of the bacterial community were observed in the cyanophage-added culture, suggesting that cyanophage infections contribute to the production of methane-related compounds and refractory organic matter in a microcosm like environment. This study has the potential to deepen our understanding of the impact of viral lysis of cyanobacteria on microbial community in the surrounding water.
Inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria Escherichia coli by electroporation
Authors: Haberl Meglič Saša , Slokar Dejan , Miklavčič Damijan
Published: January 2024

Introduction

In modern times, bacterial infections have become a growing problem in the medical community due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In fact, the overuse and improper disposal of antibiotics have led to bacterial resistance and the presence of such bacteria in wastewater. Therefore, it is critical to develop effective strategies for dealing with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wastewater. Electroporation has been found to be one of the most promising complementary techniques for bacterial inactivation because it is effective against a wide range of bacteria, is non-chemical and is highly optimizable. Many studies have demonstrated electroporation-assisted inactivation of bacteria, but rarely have clinical antibiotics or bacteria resistant to these antibiotics been used in the study. Therefore, the motivation for our study was to use a treatment regimen that combines antibiotics and electroporation to inactivate antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Methods

We separately combined two antibiotics (tetracycline and chloramphenicol) to which the bacteria are resistant (with a different resistance mode) and electric pulses. We used three different concentrations of antibiotics (40, 80 and 150 µg/ml for tetracycline and 100, 500 and 2000 µg/ml for chloramphenicol, respectively) and four different electric field strengths (5, 10, 15 and 20 kV/cm) for electroporation.

Results and discussion

Our results show that electroporation effectively enhances the effect of antibiotics and inactivates antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The inactivation rate for tetracycline or chloramphenicol was found to be different and to increase with the strength of the pulsed electric field and/or the concentration of the antibiotic. In addition, we show that electroporation has a longer lasting effect (up to 24 hours), making bacteria vulnerable for a considerable time. The present work provides new insights into the use of electroporation to inactivate antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the aquatic environment.
Prospecting the theragnostic potential of the psycho-neuro-endocrinological perturbation of the gut-brain-immune axis for improving cardiovascular diseases outcomes
Authors: Rajan Emilda Judith Ezhil , Alwar Sai Varsaa , Gulati Richa , Rajiv Rohan , Mitra Tridip , Janardhanan Rajiv
Published: January 2024

Biological derivatives and their effective influence on psychological parameters are increasingly being deciphered to better understand body-mind perspectives in health. Recent evidence suggests that the gut-brain immune axis is an attractive theragnostic target due to its innate capacity to excite the immune system by activating monocyte exosomes. These exosomes induce spontaneous alterations in the microRNAs within the brain endothelial cells, resulting in an acute inflammatory response with physiological and psychological sequelae, evidenced by anxiety and depression. Exploring the role of the stress models that influence anxiety and depression may reflect on the effect and role of exosomes, shedding light on various physiological responses that explain the contributing factors of cardiovascular disorders. The pathophysiological effects of gut-microbiome dysbiosis are further accentuated by alterations in the glucose metabolism, leading to type 2 diabetes, which is known to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disorders. Understanding the role of exosomes and their implications for cell-to-cell communication, inflammatory responses, and neuronal stress reactions can easily provide insight into the gut-brain immune axis and downstream cardiovascular sequelae.
Cerebrospinal fluid level of proNGF as potential diagnostic biomarker in patients with frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Malerba Francesca , Florio Rita , Arisi Ivan , Zecca Chiara , Dell’Abate Maria Teresa , Logroscino Giancarlo , Cattaneo Antonino
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is an extremely heterogeneous and complex neurodegenerative disease, exhibiting different phenotypes, genetic backgrounds, and pathological states. Due to these characteristics, and to the fact that clinical symptoms overlap with those of other neurodegenerative diseases or psychiatric disorders, the diagnosis based only on the clinical evaluation is very difficult. The currently used biomarkers help in the clinical diagnosis, but are insufficient and do not cover all the clinical needs.

Methods

By the means of a new immunoassay, we have measured and analyzed the proNGF levels in 43 cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from FTD patients, and compared the results to those obtained in CSF from 84 Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 15 subjective memory complaints (SMC) and 13 control subjects.

Results

A statistically significant difference between proNGF levels in FTD compared to AD, SMC and controls subjects was found. The statistical models reveal that proNGF determination increases the accuracy of FTD diagnosis, if added to the clinically validated CSF biomarkers.

Discussion

These results suggest that proNGF could be included in a panel of biomarkers to improve the FTD diagnosis.
Binocular balance across spatial frequency in anisomyopia
Authors: Jiang Nan , Zheng Yang , Chen Mengting , Zhou Jiawei , Min Seung Hyun
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Anisomyopia is prevalent in myopia and studies have reported it exhibits impaired binocular function. We investigated the binocular balance across spatial frequency in adults with anisomyopia and compared it to in individuals with less differences in refractive error, and examined whether ocular characteristics can predict binocular balance in anisomyopia.

Methods

Fifteen anisomyopes, 15 isomyopes and 12 emmetropes were recruited. Binocular balance was quantitatively measured at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 c/d. The first two groups of the observers were tested with and without optical correction with contact lenses. Emmetropes were tested without optical correction.

Results

Binocular balance across spatial frequency in optically corrected anisomyopes and isomyopes, as well as emmetropes were found to be similar. Their binocular balance nevertheless still got worse as a function of spatial frequency. However, before optical correction, anisomyopes but not isomyopes showed significant imbalance at higher spatial frequencies. There was a significant correlation between the dependence on spatial frequency of binocular imbalance in uncorrected anisomyopia and interocular difference in visual acuity, and between the dependence and interocular difference in spherical equivalent refraction.

Conclusion

Anisomyopes had intact binocular balance following correction across spatial frequency compared to those in isomyopes and emmetropes. Their balance was weakly correlated with their refractive status after optical correction. However, their binocular balance before correction and binocular improvement following optical correction were strongly correlated with differences in ocular characteristics between eyes.
Infants on the move: bibliometric analyses of observational vs. digital means of screening infant development
Authors: Varkey Hannah , Phan Ha , Kittler Phyllis , Gordon Anne , Torres Elizabeth B.
Published: January 2024

Neurodevelopmental disorders are on the rise, yet their average diagnosis is after 4.5 years old. This delay is partly due to reliance on social-communication criteria, which require longer maturation than scaffolding elements of neuromotor control. Much earlier criteria could include reflexes, monitoring of the quality of spontaneous movements from central pattern generators and maturation of intentional movements and their overall sensation. General Movement Assessment (GMA) studies these features using observational means, but the last two decades have seen a surge in digital tools that enable non-invasive, continuous tracking of infants’ spontaneous movements. Despite their importance, these tools are not yet broadly used. In this work, using CiteSpace, VOSViewer and SciMAT software, we investigate the evolution of the literature on GMA and the methods in use today, to estimate how digital techniques are being adopted. To that end, we created maps of key word co-occurrence networks, co-author networks, document co-citation analysis and strategic diagrams of 295 publications based on a search in the Web of Science, Dimensions and SCOPUS databases for: ‘general movement assessment’ OR ‘general movements assessment’. The nodes on the maps were categorized by size, cluster groups and year of publication. We found that the state-of-the-art methodology to diagnose neurodevelopmental disorders still relies heavily on observation. Several groups in classical GMA research have branched out to incorporate new techniques, but few groups have adopted digital means. We report on additional analyses of methods and biosensors usage and propose that combining traditional clinical observation criteria with digital means may allow earlier diagnoses and interventional therapies for infants.
CPX-351 and allogeneic stem cell transplant for a therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia that developed after treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sperotto Alessandra , Stanghellini Maria Teresa Lupo , Peccatori Jacopo , De Marchi Roberta , Piemontese Simona , Ciotti Giulia , Basso Marco , Pierdomenico Elisabetta , Fiore Paolo , Ciceri Fabio , Gottardi Michele
Published: January 2024

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs), which develop after cytotoxic, radiation, or immunosuppressive therapy for an unrelated disease, account for 7%–8% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Worse outcomes and consequently shortened survival are associated with t-MNs as compared with de novo AML. Therapy-related MNs are being reported with increasing frequency in successfully treated acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), in particular, before the introduction of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus arsenic trioxide (ATO). Considering the high curability of APL, t-MNs represent one of the prognosis-limiting factors in this setting of leukemia. We report our experience with a patient who developed t-AML 15 years after treatment for APL. Treatment included three cycles of chemotherapy with CPX-351 (Vyxeos, Jazz Pharmaceuticals) followed, as in remission, by an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. A review of available literature was also included.
Advances in the treatment of relapsed/refractory marginal zone lymphoma
Authors: Wang Haotian , Wan Xin , Zhang Ying , Guo Jing , Bai Ou
Published: January 2024

Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is the second most common subtype of inert B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, accounting for 5–15% of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma cases. Patients with MZL have a long survival period, with a median survival of >10 years, and patients treated with a combination of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody can achieve an overall effective rate of 81%. However, 20% of patients with MZL show relapse or experience disease progression within 2 years, with a median survival of only 3–5 years. Currently, the treatment options for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) MZL are limited, underscoring the pressing need for novel therapeutic drugs. The advent of novel anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, small molecule kinase inhibitors, immunomodulators, and other therapeutic strategies has ushered in a new era in the treatment of R/R MZL. Our objective is to summarize the existing treatment strategies, including immunotherapy and the emergent targeted therapies, and to evaluate their effectiveness and safety in the management of R/R MZL. By doing so, we aim to provide a clear understanding of the therapeutic landscape for R/R MZL, and to guide future research directions toward improving the prognosis and quality of life for patients afflicted with this challenging disease.
Role of traditional Chinese medicine in age-related macular degeneration: exploring the gut microbiota’s influence
Authors: Yu Yujia , Liu Yong , Meng Zhaoru
Published: January 2024

The pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a degenerative retinopathy, remains unclear. Administration of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, antioxidants, fundus lasers, photodynamic therapy, and transpupillary warming has proven effective in alleviating symptoms; however, these interventions cannot prevent or reverse AMD. Increasing evidence suggests that AMD risk is linked to changes in the composition, abundance, and diversity of the gut microbiota (GM). Activation of multiple signaling pathways by GM metabolites, including lipopolysaccharides, oxysterols, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids (BAs), influences retinal physiology. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), known for its multi-component and multi-target advantages, can help treat AMD by altering GM composition and regulating the levels of certain substances, such as lipopolysaccharides, reducing oxysterols, and increasing SCFA and BA contents. This review explores the correlation between GM and AMD and interventions for the two to provide new perspectives on treating AMD with TCM.
Discovery of the biostimulant effect of asparagine and glutamine on plant growth in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Lardos Manon , Marmagne Anne , Bonadé Bottino Nolwenn , Caris Quentin , Béal Bernard , Chardon Fabien , Masclaux-Daubresse Céline
Published: January 2024

Protein hydrolysates have gained interest as plant biostimulants due to their positive effects on plant performances. They are mainly composed of amino acids, but there is no evidence of the role of individual of amino acids as biostimulants. In this study we carried out in vitro experiments to monitor the development of Arabidopsis seedlings on amino acid containing media in order to analyze the biostimulant properties of the twenty individual proteinogenic amino acids. We demonstrated that proteinogenic amino acids are not good nitrogen sources as compared to nitrate for plant growth. Biostimulant analyses were based on leaf area measurements as a proxy of plant growth. We developed the Amino Acid Use Efficiency index to quantify the biostimulating effect of individual amino acids in the presence of nitrate. This index allowed us to classify amino acids into three groups, characterized by their inhibiting, neutral, and beneficial effects regarding leaf area. Glutamine and asparagine demonstrated the most significant effects in promoting leaf area in the presence of nitrate supply. The stimulating effect was confirmed by using the L and D enantiomeric forms. Both L-glutamine and L-asparagine stimulated leaf area at low concentrations, emphasizing their biostimulating properties. Our plant growth design and AAUE index pave the way for the identification of other bioactive molecules in protein hydrolysates and for the comparison of biostimulant performances.
Supporting fluid teams: a research agenda
Authors: Driskell Tripp , Funke Gregory , Tolston Michael T. , Capiola August , Driskell James
Published: January 2024

Fluid teams are teams that are rapidly assembled from across disciplines or areas of expertise to address a near-term problem. They are typically composed of individuals who have no prior familiarity with one another, who as a team must begin work immediately, and who disband at the completion of the task. Prior research has noted the challenges posed by this unique type of team context. To date, fluid teams have been understudied, yet their relevance and application in the modern workplace is expanding. This Perspective article presents a concise overview of critical research gaps and opportunities to support selection, training, and workplace design for fluid teams.
A systematic review of studies on stress during the COVID-19 pandemic by visualizing their structure through COOC, VOS viewer, and Cite Space software
Authors: Lu Liyun , Liu Guiping , Xu Yanhua , Jiang Jinxiu , Wei Zizi
Published: January 2024

Background

The COVID-19 epidemic generated different forms of stress. From this period, there has been a remarkable increase in the quantity of studies on stress conducted by scholars. However, few used bibliometric analyses to focus on overall trends in the field.

Purpose

This study sought to understand the current status and trends in stress development during COVID-19, as well as the main research drives and themes in this field.

Methods

2719 publications from the Web of Science(WOS) core repository on stress during COVID-19 were analyzed by utilizing Co-Occurrence (COOC), VOS viewer, and Cite Space bibliometric software. The overall features of research on stress during COVID-19 were concluded by analyzing the quantity of publications, keywords, countries, and institutions.

Results

The results indicated that the United States had the largest number of publications and collaborated closely with other countries with each other. University of Toronto was the most prolific institution worldwide. Visualization and analysis demonstrated that the influence of stress during COVID-19 on the work, life, mental and spiritual dimensions is a hot research topic. Among other things, the frequency of each keyword in research on stress during COVID-19 increased from 2021 to 2022, and the researchers expanded their scope and study population; the range of subjects included children, nurses, and college students, as well as studies focusing on different types of stress, and emphasizing the handling of stress.

Conclusion

Our findings reveal that the heat of stress research during COVID-19 has declined, and the main research forces come from the United States and China. Additionally, subsequent research should concern more on coping methods with stress, while using more quantitative and qualitative studies in the future.
Talbot-Lau devices: a reappraisal
Authors: Gómez-Sarabia Cristina M. , Ojeda-Castañeda Jorge
Published: January 2024

The Talbot effect and the Lau effect have been usefully applied in optical interferometry, and for designing novel X-ray devices, as well as for implementing useful instruments for matter waves. In temporal optics, the above phenomena play a significant role for reconstructing modulated, optical short pulses that travel along a dispersive medium. We note that the Talbot-Lau devices can be spatial frequency tuned if one employs varifocal lenses as a nonmechanical technique. Thus, we identify a pertinent link between the Talbot-Lau sensors and the development of artificial muscle materials, for generating tunable lenses. Our discussion unifies seemly unrelated topics, for providing a global scope on the applications of the Talbot-Lau effect.
Abdominoplasty after massive weight loss. Safety preservation fascia technique and clinical outcomes in a large single series-comparative study
Authors: Cannistrà Claudio , Lori Eleonora , Arapis Konstantinos , Gallo Gaetano , Varanese Marzia , Pironi Daniele , De Luca Alessandro , Frusone Federico , Amabile Maria Ida , Sorrenti Salvatore , Gagliardi Federica , Tripodi Domenico
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Weight loss after bariatric surgery causes very important modifications to the patient's silhouette. Abdominal fat and skin excess reduction are associated with several complications. The most frequent are seroma and hematoma whereas major complications, such as pulmonary embolism, are less frequent. This study aimed to describe our technical procedure for abdominoplasty in patients with massive weight loss after bariatric surgery.

Methods

In total, 196 patients were included. All patients who underwent abdominoplasty classic (group A) and abdominoplasty with the preservation and lift of Scarpa fascia (group B) and with umbilical transposition between May 2018 and May 2021 were included. Patients with concomitant correction of ventral hernia were excluded. Demographic and operative data were analyzed according to comorbidities and postoperative complications.

Results

There were 160 (81.6%) women. The mean age was 43.6 years; the mean weight was 86.7 kg; and the mean BMI was 28.6 kg/m2. Five patients (2.5%) presented postoperative seroma. Four patients (2%) presented partial dehiscence/skin necrosis one of them requiring a revision. Finally, 26 patients presented a postoperative complication, with an overall incidence of 12.6%. The average postoperative hospital stay was 3.6. The rates of seroma were significantly higher in men, patients with a BMI > 30 kg/m2, and aged >50 years.

Conclusion

Preserving Scarpa Fascia during surgical post-bariatric patient procedures reduces the seroma formation and the scar complication and reduces the tension of the inguinal-pubic region with correction of our deformation after weight loss. Improves reducing the drain and reducing seroma incidence suction and hospital stay.
Prawa językowe a definicja języka i jego rozumienie oraz ich wpływ na politykę językową państw
Authors: Klinytskyi Illia
Published: January 2024

Language rights – their understanding and implementation are an important element of a state’s language policy, constituting a significant issue in the field of research on public policy. Within the scope of these studies, researchers do not agree on an exhaustive list of beneficiaries of these rights and, consequently, on how the catalogue of language rights should appear. The author of the paper aims to attempt to address this issue by proposing a definition of natural language that fully meets the current requirements for developing a legal standard for language rights. The considerations in the work are conducted from the perspective of models for language as an act of communication and R. Ruiz’s heuristic patterns in order to clarify the significance of language in society.
Binary Numeration System with Alternating Signed Digits and Its Graph Theoretical Relationship
Authors: Hajnal Péter
Published: January 2024

The binary number system is the basic number representation in computing. We can encode natural numbers with finite 0-1 sequences. The representation of natural numbers is based on this system. However, this poses problems and is technically not perfect. Several attempts have been made to handle integers (signed numbers). We mention only two: the balanced triple number system and the number system with base −2. Our paper introduces new possibilities. We also shed light on the graph theoretical background of the new number systems.
Mechanism Analysis and Experimental Verification of Side-Filled Rice Precision Hole Direct Seed-Metering Device Based on MBD-DEM Simulations
Authors: Wang Jinwu , Yao Zhigang , Xu Yanan , Guo Fangyu , Guan Rui , Li Heng , Tang Han , Wang Qi
Published: January 2024

In order to solve the problems of poor hole-filling performance and the high seed-breakage rate of conventional rice bud seed precision hole direct seed-metering devices, a side-filled rice precision hole direct seed-metering device was developed, and the mechanism and force analyses for seeding operations were carried out. The key factors affecting seeding quality were determined: rotation speed, seeding angle and seeding height. By coupling the discrete element method (DEM) and multi-rigid body dynamics (MBD), the seed breakage rate and seeding performance at different rotation speeds were analyzed. Single-factor bench testing was used to analyze the effect of a duckbill unit on seeding performance under different factor levels. The three-factor and five-level quadratic regression orthogonal rotation center combination test methods were used to obtain the optimal working parameter combination. The test results showed that when the rotation speed was 47 r/min, the seeding angle was 19°, and the seeding height was 180 mm, the qualified index of seeding was 92.03%, the hole diameter qualified index was 91.62%, and the hole distance variation index was 7.17%. This study provides a reference for the research of mechanical rice sprouting seed-metering devices.
Bacteriuria in Paediatric Oncology Patients: Clinical Features, Distribution and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacterial Pathogens at University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia over a 4-Year Period
Authors: Predavec Nina , Perčinić Antonio , Herljević Zoran , Rezo Vranješ Violeta , Pavlović Maja , Šalek Zrinko , Kuliš Tomislav , Bilić Ernest , Mareković Ivana
Published: January 2024

Bacteriuria in paediatric oncology patients have not been well studied. This retrospective study analysed clinical features, distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens cultured from urine in paediatric oncology patients over a 4-year period (2019–2022). A total of 143 episodes of bacteriuria were documented in 74 patients. Neutropenia was present in 17.5% (25/143), symptoms in 25.9% (37/143) and urinary catheter in 7.0% (10/143) episodes. Symptomatic bacteriuria episodes were statistically significantly more frequent in patients with neutropenia (p = 0.0232). The most common bacterial pathogens were Escherichia coli (n = 49; 32.2%), Klebsiella spp. (n = 34; 22.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 22; 14.5%) and Enterococcus spp. (n = 21; 13.8%). Extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing (ESBL) Enterobacterales were found in 11 episodes (11/143; 7.7%) with the highest proportion among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates (n = 7/34; 20.6%). No carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. were found. The most important novelties are demonstrating P. aeruginosa as one of the prominent bacteriuria pathogens in this patient population, presence of ESBL isolates and carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa later during hospitalization highlights the need for appropriate antimicrobial treatment. However, because of the small number of symptomatic patients, further studies are needed to clarify the importance of including urine culture in the diagnostic process in patients with febrile neutropenia.
Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella Species Isolates from Chickens in Live Bird Markets and Boot Swabs from Layer Farms in Timor-Leste
Authors: Pereira Abrao , Sidjabat Hanna E. , Davis Steven , Vong da Silva Paulo Gabriel , Alves Amalia , Dos Santos Cristibela , Jong Joanita Bendita da Costa , da Conceição Felisiano , Felipe Natalino de Jesus , Ximenes Augusta , Nunes Junilia , Fária Isménia do Rosário , Lopes Isabel , Barnes Tamsin S. , McKenzie Joanna , Oakley Tessa , Francis Joshua R. , Yan Jennifer , Ting Shawn
Published: January 2024

The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a global concern, and high levels of resistance have been detected in chicken populations worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from healthy chickens in Timor-Leste. Through a cross-sectional study, cloacal swabs and boot swabs were collected from 25 live bird markets and two layer farms respectively. E. coli and Salmonella spp. from these samples were tested for susceptibility to six antimicrobials using a disk diffusion test, and a subset was tested for susceptibility to 27 antimicrobials using broth-based microdilution. E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolates showed the highest resistance towards either tetracycline or ampicillin on the disk diffusion test. E. coli from layer farms (odds ratio:5.2; 95%CI 2.0–13.1) and broilers (odds ratio:18.1; 95%CI 5.3–61.2) were more likely to be multi-drug resistant than those from local chickens. Based on the broth-based microdilution test, resistance to antimicrobials in the Timor-Leste Antimicrobial Guidelines for humans were low, except for resistance to ciprofloxacin in Salmonella spp. (47.1%). Colistin resistance in E. coli was 6.6%. Although this study shows that antimicrobial resistance in chickens was generally low in Timor-Leste, there should be ongoing monitoring in commercial chickens as industry growth might be accompanied with increased antimicrobial use.
Sulforaphane—A Compound with Potential Health Benefits for Disease Prevention and Treatment: Insights from Pharmacological and Toxicological Experimental Studies
Authors: Baralić Katarina , Živanović Jovana , Marić Đurđica , Bozic Dragica , Grahovac Lazar , Antonijević Miljaković Evica , Ćurčić Marijana , Buha Djordjevic Aleksandra , Bulat Zorica , Antonijević Biljana , Đukić-Ćosić Danijela
Published: January 2024

Sulforaphane (SFN), which is a hydrolysis product from glucoraphanin, a compound found in cruciferous vegetables, has been studied for its potential health benefits, particularly in disease prevention and treatment. SFN has proven to be effective in combating different types of cancer by inhibiting the proliferation of tumors and triggering apoptosis. This dual action has been demonstrated to result in a reduction in tumor size and an enhancement of survival rates in animal models. SFN has also shown antidiabetic and anti-obesity effects, improving glucose tolerance and reducing fat accumulation. SFN’s ability to activate Nrf2, a transcription factor regulating oxidative stress and inflammation in cells, is a primary mechanism behind its anticancerogenic and antidiabetic effects. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties are also suggested to provide beneficial effects against neurodegenerative diseases. The potential health benefits of SFN have led to increased interest in its use as a dietary supplement or adjunct to chemotherapy, but there are insufficient data on its efficacy and optimal doses, as well as its safety. This review aims to present and discuss SFN’s potential in treating various diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on its mechanisms of action. It also summarizes studies on the pharmacological and toxicological potential of SFN in in vitro and animal models and explores its protective role against toxic compounds through in vitro and animal studies.
Study on Voids and Seepage Characteristics within Rock Fracture after Shear Dislocation Viewing from CT Test and Numerical Modeling
Authors: Dong Tingfa , Zhou Jian , Yan Ziqian , Wu Yanfang , Mao Tianqiao
Published: January 2024

In rock mass engineering, stress balance changes often cause the relative slip of fractures along a wall surface, impacting the seepage behavior of fluid in the fractures. Using computer tomography (CT) scanning, spatial models of fractures with dislocations ranging from 0 to 10 mm were created to explore the relationship between changes in fracture dislocation and changes in fluid flow behavior, respectively. The spatial fractal dimension of cavity distribution within the fractures was calculated using a thin-plate filling approach to characterize the complexity of the fracture cavity distribution. The fluid flow within the dislocation fractures was then simulated using COMSOL, and the effect of cavity alterations in the form of dislocation on the fluid seepage behavior was analyzed using the spatial fractal. The results show that the values of mechanical aperture after dislocation of the fracture obtained by a CT test are normally distributed, the distribution range of mechanical aperture gradually widens with an increase in the dislocation distance, and the average mechanical aperture increases on a logarithmic curve. The relative spatial fractal dimension decreases gradually with an increase in dislocation distance, and the interconnected pathways within the fracture decrease; in addition, it is observed that the change in the relative spatial fractal dimension is closely correlated with the change in the mean mechanical aperture. Numerical simulations of dislocation fracture seepage found that the permeability increases nonlinearly with increasing dislocation distance. When the dislocation distance reaches 5 mm, nonlinear behaviors such as eddy currents occur, and the influence range of eddy currents gradually expands with the increase in dislocation distance under the influence of the boundary. Moreover, the inertia coefficient B in the Forchheimer equation and the critical hydraulic gradient Jc, which can describe the nonlinear seepage characteristics, show a power function decreasing trend with increasing dislocation distance, and the fluid in the fracture is more likely to produce nonlinear flow.
Investigation on Mechanical Parameters and Microstructure of Soil-Based Controlled Low-Strength Materials with Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer
Authors: Guo Qianqian , Chen Yonghui , Xu Jie , Li Bingyi
Published: January 2024

This study aims to optimize the sustainable utilization of excavated soil by incorporating it exclusively as a fine aggregate and cement in the formulation of soil-based controlled low-strength materials. The polycarboxylate superplasticizer was introduced to enhance flowability. Various factors, including the cement contents, initial water contents, and curing time, were systematically analyzed for their effects on the fresh properties, mechanical parameters, transverse relaxation time distribution, pore size distribution, porosity, and corrosivity of soil-based controlled low-strength materials. The results indicate that polycarboxylate superplasticizer effectively dispersed clay minerals and cement particles, enhancing the flowability. The unconfined compressive strength increased with the rising cement content and decreased with the increasing initial water content. Additionally, the transverse relaxation time distribution curves of the soil-based controlled low-strength materials exhibited two peaks. These curves shifted to smaller transverse relaxation time values with the increasing cement content, while gradually shifting to larger transverse relaxation time values with the increasing initial water content. An increase in the cement content resulted in higher volume percentages of small and mesopores, while extra-large pores and macropores decreased. The addition of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer had minimal impact on the pore volume percentage distribution. Furthermore, porosity experienced a decline with the rise in the cement content and curing time, in contrast to a notable increase with a higher initial water content. This investigation provides valuable insights into the engineering properties and microstructural characteristics of soil-based controlled low-strength materials, offering a foundation for sustainable waste management practices in geotechnical applications.
Position Tracking Control of 4-DOF Underwater Robot Leg Using Deep Learning
Authors: Bae Jin-Hyeok , Kim Jung-Yup
Published: January 2024

This paper presents a novel hybrid control method for position tracking of an underwater quadruped walking robot. The proposed approach combines an existing position-tracking control method with a deep-learning neural network. The neural network compensates for non-linear dynamic characteristics, such as the effect of fluid, without relying on mathematical modeling. To achieve this, a Multi-Layer Perceptron neural network is designed to analyze joint torque in relation to the joint angle and angular velocity of the robot, as well as the position and orientation of the foot tip and environmental data. The improvement in tracking control performance is evaluated using a 4-DOF underwater robot leg. For the neural network design, position tracking control data, including dynamic characteristics, were collected through position command-based position tracking control. Afterward, a learning model was constructed and trained to predict joint torque related to the robot’s motion and posture. This learning process incorporates non-linear dynamic characteristics, such as joint friction and the influence of fluid, in the joint torque prediction. The proposed method is then combined with conventional task-space PD control to perform position-tracking control with enhanced performance. Finally, the proposed method is evaluated using the underwater robot leg and compared to a single task-space PD controller. The proposed method demonstrates higher position accuracy with similar joint torque output, thereby increasing compliance and tracking performance simultaneously.
To Touch Time: U.S. Black Feminist Modernist Sculpture in the 1970s and 1980s
Authors: Cowan Sarah Louise
Published: January 2024

Modernist propositions long have been understood as atemporal—somehow outside of time—or insistently hailing the future. This temporal framework suppresses the contributions of those excluded from modernist canons, particularly Black women. In this article, visual and material analysis of sculptural works produced in the 1970s and 1980s by U.S. Black women artists Beverly Buchanan, Senga Nengudi, and Betye Saar reveal how Black feminists have engaged with modernist protocols in order to redress cultural erasures of Black women. These practices exemplify Black feminist modernisms, or creative practices that unsettle the racist and sexist logics of dominant cultural institutions. Each of these artists utilizes haptic surfaces as a method for defying institutional modernism’s obfuscation of the past. The analysis focuses on Buchanan’s defiance of memorial erasures, Nengudi’s reenactment of labor, including in its historical forms, and Saar’s adaptation of generational memory-making processes. Ultimately, these artists’ rejection of a “timeless” modernism demands that viewers understand the present moment in relationship to a still-evolving past. In this way, Buchanan, Nengudi, and Saar position the present as an accumulation, rather than transcendence, of historical occurrences.
Introduction: The New Face of Trans Visual Culture
Authors: Lehner Ace
Published: January 2024

Transness throws into question how many so-called Western cultures—i.e., those ideologically descended from the colonial project—have sutured “reality” to the “privileging of sight”. At the crux of trans-visual culture is a need to be understood outside current modes of visual apprehension. As a methodology rooted in trans-embodied experiences, trans provides a mode for decolonizing the privileging of sight and moving toward a new understanding of bodies, identity, representation, and visual culture. It is imperative to explore such methods in today’s political climate, and it is advantageous to apply them to trans-visual culture, as exponential innovations can be discerned. In this article, I will deploy a trans visual studies methodology to the work of contemporary trans masculine artist and photographer Wynne Neilly to explore how his work engages a praxis of transing identity. I will discuss how his work shifts the understanding of identity and representation to one decoupled from optical ontology and how he works to unseat White masculinity as the center of Western art and visual culture.
Certain L2-Norms on Automorphic Representations of SL(2, R)
Authors: He Hongyu
Published: January 2024

Let Γ be a non-uniform lattice in SL(2,R). In this paper, we study various L2-norms of automorphic representations of SL(2,R). We bound these norms with intrinsic norms defined on the representation. Comparison of these norms can help us understand the growth of L-functions in a systematic way.
A Hyperstructural Approach to Semisimplicity
Authors: Türkmen Ergül , Nİşancı Türkmen Burcu , Bordbar Hashem
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we provide the basic properties of (semi)simple hypermodules. We show that if a hypermodule M is simple, then (End(M),·) is a group, where End(M) is the set of all normal endomorphisms of M. We prove that every simple hypermodule is normal projective with a zero singular subhypermodule. We also show that the class of semisimple hypermodules is closed under internal direct sums, factor hypermodules, and subhypermodules. In particular, we give a characterization of internal direct sums of subhypermodules of a hypermodule.
Novel Flowchart Guiding the Non-Surgical and Surgical Management of Peri-Implant Complications: A Narrative Review
Authors: Shiba Takahiko , Komatsu Keiji , Takeuchi Yasuo , Koyanagi Tatsuro , Taniguchi Yoichi , Takagi Toru , Maekawa Shogo , Nagai Takahiko , Kobayashi Ryota , Matsumura Shunsuke , Katagiri Sayaka , Izumi Yuichi , Aoki Akira , Iwata Takanori
Published: January 2024

Peri-implant diseases, such as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, are induced by dysbiotic microbiota resulting in the inflammatory destruction of peri-implant tissue. Nonetheless, there has yet to be an established protocol for the treatment of these diseases in a predictable manner, although many clinicians and researchers have proposed various treatment modalities for their management. With the increase in the number of reports evaluating the efficacy of various treatment modalities and new materials, the use of multiple decontamination methods to clean infected implant surfaces is recommended; moreover, the use of hard tissue laser and/or air abrasion techniques may prove advantageous in the future. Limited evidence supports additional effects on clinical improvement in antimicrobial administration for treating peri-implantitis. Implantoplasty may be justified for decontaminating the implant surfaces in the supracrestal area. Surgical treatment is employed for advanced peri-implantitis, and appropriate surgical methods, such as resection therapy or combination therapy, should be selected based on bone defect configuration. This review presents recent clinical advances in debridement methods for contaminated implant surfaces and regenerative materials for treating peri-implant bone defects. It also proposes a new flowchart to guide the treatment decisions for peri-implant disease.