bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transaction Processing and Distribution with COPAR and Opnet
Authors: Hosein Michael A. , Seegobin Rhea L.
Published: May 2014

This paper outlines the results that were collected from the implementation of the COPAR Service [5][6] in an Opnet Modeler simulation environment. The system carries out two (2) types of transaction processing techniques; Optimistic (Temporary) and Pessimistic (Permanent) Processing. The Opnet simulation environment was used to expand the projects capacity by increasing the number of servers and transactions that could be processed by the system. Results show the processing times for simulations that ran with nodes ranging from 20 to 100 nodes and transactions ranging from 200 to 1000.

Results also showed statistics for the distribution of transactions amongst servers with different classifications. Classifications of server ranged from 1 to 6, 1 being the lowest and 6 being the highest. The number of transactions used for testing transaction distribution ranged from 1000 up to 4000, with each simulation run using 100 server nodes. These results can act as a guide to help implement systems that can provide optimal processing times in a real world environment.
A Framework for Developing Social Networks Enabling Systems to Enhance the Transparency and Visibility of Cross-border Food Supply Chains
Authors: Xu Frank J. , Zhao Victor P. , Shan Lu , Huang Chuxiong
Published: May 2014

Demands on safe, high-quality and healthy food are unprecedentedly increasing in both emerging economies and advanced countries. Food safety incidents and scandals, frequently breaking out around the world, are significantly reducing the confidence of consumers in food safety and quality. It is even more difficult to achieve the full transparency, visibility and traceability of dynamic cross-border and global food supply chains, which is critical to ensure food safety and quality, due to: the personalization and globalization of consumer demands; the diversities of food products, raw materials and ingredients; the loose relationships between food business partners; the technology and resource barriers in aligning business processes, coordinating and sharing information; and the changing government supervision mechanisms and standards. Social networking technologies and social software are promising enablers to facilitate end consumers, food companies and government agencies to participate in open discussion, comments and feedback on the quality and safety of cross-border foods. They are able to connect, interact, communicate and collaborate with each other in loose, open, effective and flexible ways for enhancing the transparency and visibility of cross-border and global food supply chains through collective wisdom and intelligence. In this paper a framework is proposed for developing social networks enabling food traceability systems, which not only leverages enterprise applications, public service platforms for food quality, safety and traceability operated by government or industrial associations, but utilizes such emerging technologies as Internet-of-Things, social analytic and mobile technologies to ease interactive communication and collaboration between various stakeholders of food chains. Guidelines, architectures, use scenarios, and technology alternatives for implementing the traceability systems are also discussed in this work. A prototype, titledOSCM-FD, is being implemented and pilots are being conducted to verify the validity of the proposed framework.
Fault reactivation due to theM7.6 Nicoya earthquake at the Turrialba‐Irazú volcanic complex, Costa Rica: Effects of dynamic stress triggering
Authors: Lupi M. , Fuchs Florian , Pacheco Javier F.
Published: May 2014

TheM7.6 Nicoya earthquake struck at the interface between the Cocos plate and the Caribbean plate on 5 September 2012 inducing a ground acceleration of 0.5 m s−2at the Irazú‐Turrialba volcanic complex. We use data from six seismic stations deployed around and atop the Irazú‐Turrialba volcanic complex to show the increase of local seismic activity after theM7.6 Nicoya earthquake. The response consists in more than 300 locatable earthquakes occurring in swarm sequences along a fault system that intersects the Irazú‐Turrialba volcanic complex. In addition, we point out that major aftershocks are followed by increases of seismic activity in the same region. The weak static stress variation imposed by the main slip of the Nicoya earthquake at the Irazú‐Turrialba volcanic complex suggests a dynamic triggering mechanism. We expand this concept suggesting that this behavior may be similar to the one observed in the Chilean and Japanese volcanic arcs during theM8.8 2010 Maule, Chile, andM9.0 2011 Tohoku, Japan, earthquakes. Finally, we highlight that the combined action of dynamic stress and short‐lived coseismic relaxation may trigger seismic activity in geological systems in near‐critical conditions.
Fair profit allocation in supply chain optimization with transfer price and revenue sharing: MINLP model and algorithm for cellulosic biofuel supply chains
Authors: Yue Dajun , You Fengqi
Published: May 2014

A mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) formulation to simultaneously optimize operational decisions as well as profit allocation mechanisms in supply chain optimization, namely material transfer prices and revenue share policies among the supply chain participants is proposed. The case of cellulosic bioethanol supply chains is specifically considered and the game‐theory Nash bargaining solution approach is employed to achieve fair allocation of profit among the collection facilities, biorefineries, and distribution centers. The structural advantages of certain supply chain participants can be taken into account by specifying different values of the negotiation‐power indicators in the generalized Nash‐type objective function. A solution strategy based on a logarithm transformation and a branch‐and‐refine algorithm for efficient global optimization of the resulting nonconvex MINLP problem is proposed. To demonstrate the application of the proposed framework, an illustrative example and a state‐wide county‐level case study on the optimization of a potential cellulosic bioethanol supply chain in Illinois are presented. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3211–3229, 2014
Fatal falls in the U.S. residential construction industry
Authors: Dong Xiuwen Sue , Wang Xuanwen , Largay Julie A. , Platner James W. , Stafford Erich , Cain Chris Trahan , Choi Sang D.
Published: May 2014

Background

Falls from heights remain the most common cause of workplace fatalities among residential construction workers in the United States.

Methods

This paper examines patterns and trends of fall fatalities in U.S. residential construction between 2003 and 2010 by analyzing two large national datasets.

Results

Almost half of the fatalities in residential construction were from falls. In the residential roofing industry, 80% of fatalities were from falls. In addition, about one‐third of fatal falls in residential construction were among self‐employed workers. Workers who were older than 55 years, were Hispanic foreign‐born, or employed in small establishments (1–10 employees) also had higher proportions of fatal falls in residential construction compared to those in nonresidential construction.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that fall safety within the residential construction industry lags behind commercial construction and industrial settings. Fall prevention in residential construction should be enhanced to better protect construction workers in this sector. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:992–1000, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Update on evidence‐based reviews with recommendations in adult chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Orlandi Richard R. , Smith Timothy L. , Marple Bradley F. , Harvey Richard J. , Hwang Peter H. , Kern Robert C. , Kingdom Todd T. , Luong Amber , Rudmik Luke , Senior Brent A. , Toskala Elina , Kennedy David W.
Published: May 2014

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has a significant impact not only on individuals who are afflicted but also on society as a whole. An increasing emphasis is being placed on incorporating the best available evidence into the care of patients, in association with an individual clinician's expertise and the patient's values. Recent evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs) have distilled our knowledge of CRS treatment options and have also pointed out continued gaps in this knowledge. This review synthesizes the findings of 8 EBRRs regarding CRS published in the International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology between 2011 and 2014. The recommendations in this review are based on the best available evidence and are meant to be incorporated into each patient's individual care, along with the practitioner's expertise and the individual patient's values and expectations. It is hoped that the EBRRs, and the process that spawned them, can provide the foundation for future guidelines in the diagnosis and management of CRS.
Seven dimensions of contemporary participation disentangled
Authors: Kelty Christopher , Panofsky Aaron , Currie Morgan , Crooks Roderic , Erickson Seth , Garcia Patricia , Wartenbe Michael , Wood Stacy
Published: May 2014

Participation is today central to many kinds of research and design practice in information studies and beyond. From user‐generated content to crowdsourcing to peer production to fan fiction to citizen science, the concept remains both unexamined and heterogeneous in its definition. Intuitions about participation are confirmed by some examples, but scandalized by others, and it is difficult to pinpoint why participation seems to be robust in some cases and partial in others. In this paper we offer an empirically based, comparative analysis of participation that demonstrates its multidimensionality and provides a framework that allows clear distinctions and better analyses of the role of participation. We derive 7 dimensions of participations from the literature on participation and exemplify those dimensions using a set of 102 cases of contemporary participation that include uses of the Internet and new media.
Friendship Work on Facebook: Young Adults' Understandings and Practices of Friendship
Authors: Niland Patricia , Lyons Antonia C. , Goodwin Ian , Hutton Fiona
Published: May 2014

Young adults use social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook to engage as friends, yet there has been little systematic research that has investigated their sense‐making of friendship in relation to their uses of Facebook, as well as how Facebook as a socio‐technical system interacts with their friendship practices. Twelve friendship discussion groups were conducted in urban and non‐urban New Zealand, with 26 women and 25 men aged 18–25 years, in same and mixed‐gender groups. Our social constructionist thematic analysis showed the young adults made sense of friendship through themes of ‘fun times together’, an ‘investment’, ‘protection’ and ‘self‐authenticity’, and these meanings were enacted in particular ways within Facebook. This SNS was used primarily for enjoying friendship and ‘investing in’ friendships, and friendship protection was required to maintain friends' online privacy. Facebook provided a way to demonstrate self‐authenticity within friendship relationships through censored ‘show off’ self‐displays and favoured friendship activities. Facebook supported, disrupted and modified these particular friendship understandings by broadening the audience for friendship actions and intensifying friends' responses through 24/7 accessibility and instantaneous activity notifications. These interactions between friendship understandings and Facebook as a socio‐technical system demonstrate how friendship was reinforced, negotiated and re‐worked through this online context. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The personal financial burden of complications after colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Regenbogen Scott E. , Veenstra Christine M. , Hawley Sarah T. , Banerjee Mousumi , Ward Kevin C. , Kato Ikuko , Morris Arden M.
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND

Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) may suffer significant economic hardship during treatment. Complications are common after surgery for CRC and may exacerbate the financial burden of CRC even further.

METHODS

Within a population‐based survey of patients with stage III CRC, the authors investigated the effects of disease and treatment on personal finances and computed a composite measure of financial burden. Correlations were examined between components of financial burden and patient‐reported postoperative complications using chi‐square analyses, and Mantel‐Haenszel chi‐square tend tests were used to evaluate correlations between composite financial burden scores and surgical complications, controlling for patient characteristics and other factors by using multivariable Poisson regression.

RESULTS

Among 937 respondents, 224 (24%) reported complications after surgery. Those with complications had significantly higher composite financial burden (P < .001 for trend): they were more likely to spend savings (40% vs 31%; P = .01), borrow or take loans (18% vs 11%; P = .007), fail to make credit card payments (18% vs 11%; P = .005), reduce spending for food or clothes (38% vs 27%; P = .001), and decrease recreational activities (41% vs 33%; P = .03). They took significantly longer to return to work (P = .009) and were more likely to experience significant worry about finances (61% vs 52%; P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS

Complications after surgery for CRC result in significant personal financial consequences as well as morbidity. Financial stress impairs quality of life and may prevent adherence to recommended treatments. Therefore, patients who suffer complications may require not just additional clinical care but also economic support and services. Cancer 2014;120:3074–3081. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
The Children's Oncology Group Childhood Cancer Research Network (CCRN): Case catchment in the United States
Authors: Musselman Jessica R. B. , Spector Logan G. , Krailo Mark D. , Reaman Gregory H. , Linabery Amy M. , Poynter Jenny N. , Stork Susan K. , Adamson Peter C. , Ross Julie A.
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND

The Childhood Cancer Research Network (CCRN) was established within the Children's Oncology Group (COG) in July 2008 to provide a centralized pediatric cancer research registry for investigators conducting approved etiologic and survivorship studies. The authors conducted an ecological analysis to characterize CCRN catchment at >200 COG institutions by demographic characteristics, diagnosis, and geographic location to determine whether the CCRN can serve as a population‐based registry for childhood cancer.

METHODS

During 2009 to 2011, 18,580 US children newly diagnosed with cancer were registered in the CCRN. These observed cases were compared with age‐specific, sex‐specific, and race/ethnicity‐specific expected numbers calculated from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program cancer incidence rates and 2010 US Census data.

RESULTS

Overall, 42% of children (18,580 observed/44,267 expected) who were diagnosed with cancer at age <20 years were registered in the CCRN, including 45%, 57%, 51%, 44%, and 24% of those diagnosed at birth, ages 1 to 4 years, ages 5 to 9 years, ages 10 to 14 years, and ages 15 to 19 years, respectively. Some malignancies were better represented in the CCRN (leukemia, 59%; renal tumors, 67%) than others (retinoblastoma, 34%). There was little evidence of differences by sex or race/ethnicity, although rates in nonwhites were somewhat lower than rates in whites.

CONCLUSIONS

Given the low observed‐to‐expected ratio, it will be important to identify challenges and barriers to registration to improve case ascertainment, especially for rarer diagnoses and older age groups; however, it is encouraging that some diagnoses in younger children are fairly representative of the population. Overall, the CCRN is providing centralized, real‐time access to cases for research and could be used as a model for other national cooperative groups. Cancer 2014;120:3007–3015. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Multistability of memristive neural networks with time‐varying delays
Authors: Wu Ailong , Jin‐E Zhang
Published: May 2014

The recent discovery of memristive neurodynamic systems holds great promise for realizing large‐scale nanoionic circuits. Development of pattern memory analysis for memristive neurodynamic systems poses several challenges. In this article, it shows that an n‐dimensional memristive neural networks with time‐varying delays can have 2n locally exponentially stable equilibria in the saturation region. In addition, local exponential stability of delayed memristive neural networks in any designated region is also characterized, which allows the locally exponentially stable equilibria to locate in the designated region. All of these criteria are very easy to be verified. Finally, the effectiveness of the results are illustrated by two numerical examples. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 177–186, 2015
Enhanced fuzzy logic‐based spray and wait routing protocol for delay tolerant networks
Authors: Jain Sweta , Chawla Meenu , Soares Vasco N. G. J. , Rodrigues Joel J.
Published: May 2014

Delay tolerant networks are a class of ad hoc networks that enable data delivery even in the absence of end‐to‐end connectivity between nodes, which is the basic assumption for routing in ad hoc networks. Nodes in these networks work on store‐carry and forward paradigm. In addition, such networks make use of message replication as a strategy to increase the possibility of messages reaching their destination. As contact opportunities are usually of short duration, it is important to prioritize scheduling of messages. Message replication may also lead to buffer congestion. Hence, buffer management is an important issue that greatly affects the performance of routing protocols in delay tolerant networks. In this paper, Spray and Wait routing protocol, which is a popular controlled replication‐based protocol for delay tolerant networks, has been enhanced using a new fuzzy‐based buffer management strategy Enhanced Fuzzy Spray and Wait Routing, with the aim to achieve increased delivery ratio and reduced overhead ratio. It aggregates three important message properties namely number of replicas of a message, its size, and remaining time‐to‐live, using fuzzy logic to determine the message priority, which denotes its importance with respect to other messages stored in a node's buffer. It then intelligently selects messages to schedule when a contact opportunity occurs. Because determination of number of replicas of a message in the network is a difficult task, a new method for estimation of the same has been proposed. Simulation results show improved performance of enhanced fuzzy spray and wait routing in terms of delivery ratio and resource consumption. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An hybrid evolutionary multiobjective algorithm for multiuser margin maximization in DSL
Authors: Gomes Ana , Monteiro Marcio , Dortschy Boris , Klautau Aldebaro
Published: May 2014

This work describes and proposes the application of evolutionary algorithms on the multiuser spectrum and SNR margin optimization problem for multicarrier systems, such as digital subscriber line. The proposed method is designed such that it takes advantage of special characteristics of the well‐known power adaptation techniques and uses them to solve the broader and more challenging problem of multiuser margin adaptation. Simulations show that the proposed method provides Pareto‐optimal and diverse solutions when compared to a previous method to solve the same problem. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of bromocriptine treatment during early pregnancy on postpartum maternal behaviors in rats
Authors: Price Anya K. , Bridges Robert S.
Published: May 2014

Prolactin, a hormone of the anterior pituitary, is involved in initiating maternal behavior, alleviating postpartum anxiety, and stimulating lactogenesis. Bromocriptine, a dopamine D2 receptor agonist, inhibits prolactin secretion. Bromocriptine administration represses postpartum maternal behaviors (pup retrieval) in mice, and causes elevated anxiety in the elevated plus maze [Larsen & Grattan (2010). Endocrinology 151(8): 3805–3814]. Whether similar effects exist in other species is unknown. The present study examined the possible involvement of prolactin during early gestation on maternal behavior and anxiety in rats. Bromocriptine given on days 2–4 of pregnancy resulted in impaired postpartum maternal behaviors in a novel environment during early lactation. However, compared to controls, bromocriptine‐treated subjects did not exhibit increased postpartum anxiety in the elevated plus maze. These findings support work in mice that bromocriptine treatment during early gestation impedes postpartum maternal care, and indicate that early gestational hormonal status affects postpartum behavior more broadly in other mammals. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1431–1437, 2014.
Enzyme‐assisted deacidification of Jatropha crude oil by statistical design of experiments
Authors: Gofferjé Gabriele , Gebhardt Melanie , Stäbler Andreas , Schweiggert‐Weisz Ute , Flöter Eckard
Published: May 2014

Jatropha curcas L. crude oil has variable and often high free fatty acid content. As free fatty acids are corrosive, the crude oil has to be refined prior to its utilization in technical applications. Conventional refining processes have several environmental and energetic shortcomings, and there is a clear need for more sustainable pathways. In this study, an enzymatic method was studied for the neutralization of Jatropha oil. Detailed insight into the process was achieved by means of a statistical design of experiments utilizing an immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. The free fatty acids were esterified with glycerol. The most important impact factors and interactions between factors were identified with regard to acid number reduction and the MAG, DAG, and glycerol content. Validation experiments showed that the models obtained for acid number and, mono‐ and DAG development were valid and adequate for optimizing the esterification reaction for the desired application. The results generated in this study open the possibility of modifying – within limits – the vegetable oil composition depending on the target application requirements. The acid number of the crude Jatropha oil could be decreased to 0.4 mg KOH per g oil by means of enzymatic esterification. The MAG content can be adjusted between 1.5 and 5.0% (w/w) and DAG content between 15.6 and 27.1% (w/w). The enzyme regeneration procedure that was developed allows multiple use of the enzyme at practically constant activity.

Practical applications: Due to the advantages of an enzyme‐assisted neutralization procedure, future industrial application of this technology is of great interest. Higher oil yields, no generation of waste water, and the avoidance of aggressive chemicals mean this process has greater sustainability than the conventional approach requiring the addition of strong bases to the oil in order to saponify the free fatty acids. Currently, enzymatic processes tend not to be economically viable due the relatively high cost of the enzymes. However, the costs are likely to decrease in the future as demand for them increases. Additionally, enzyme regeneration, which was carried out successfully in this work, offers the opportunity to further lower the process costs.

Jatropha curcas L. crude oil exhibits variable and often high free fatty acid content. Free fatty acids were esterified with glycerol utilizing an immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. Detailed insight into the process was achieved by means of statistical design of experiments yielding significant and valid mathematical models enabling the optimization of several process parameters.
Clinical Normative Data for Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire and Eating Disorder Inventory for DSM‐5 Feeding and Eating Disorder Classifications: A Retrospective Study of Patients Formerly Diagnosed Via DSM‐IV
Authors: Brewin Nicola , Baggott Jonathan , Dugard Pat , Arcelus Jon
Published: May 2014

Normative data for measures of eating disorder (ED) psychopathology provide a fundamental description of a presentation and a means to establish clinically significant change following an intervention. Clinical norms for the ED population are lacking and out of date following the publication of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (DSM) 5. This study aimed to show that scores from the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐q) and the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) differ across ED diagnosis groups and provide norm data for DSM‐5 ED diagnoses. Patients (n = 932) presenting to an out‐patient service over 5 years were retrospectively re‐diagnosed based on DSM‐5 criteria. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference on most subscale scores of the EDE‐q and the EDI across diagnosis. Means, standard deviations and percentile ranks are presented by diagnosis. The norms detailed contribute to improving the accuracy with which scores are interpreted when using DSM‐5 and aid with the assessment of clinically significant change following treatment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Health‐related Quality of Life in Adult Inpatients Affected by Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Abbate‐Daga Giovanni , Facchini Federico , Marzola Enrica , Delsedime Nadia , Giovannone Cristina , Amianto Federico , Fassino Secondo
Published: May 2014

Objective

Poor awareness of illness in anorexia nervosa (AN) may render the assessment of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) difficult. We aimed at evaluating severe AN patients' HRQoL at discharge using different instruments and correlating this measure with clinical variables.

Methods

We enrolled 71 adult AN inpatients admitted through the emergency department. At admission, all participants completed the following: Medical Outcome Short Form Health Survey, Eating Disorder Inventory‐2 and Temperament and Character Inventory. At admission and discharge, body mass index, EuroQoL Health Questionnaire/Visual Analogue Scale and Clinical Global Impression were evaluated.

Results

The HRQoL was severely impaired at baseline, but it improved at discharge. HRQoL correlated with eating psychopathology and personality, but not with body mass index or Clinical Global Impression.

Conclusion

The HRQoL effectively captured patients' improvement at discharge. Given its correlations with clinical variables, this instrument may be useful in clinical practice. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
How seasonal temperature or water inputs affect the relative response of C3 crops to elevated [CO2]: a global analysis of open top chamber and free air CO2 enrichment studies
Authors: Bishop Kristen A. , Leakey Andrew D. B. , Ainsworth Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2014

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) has the potential to positively impact C3 food crop production by directly stimulating photosynthetic carbon gain (A), which leads to increased crop biomass and yield. Further stimulation of A and yield can result from an indirect mechanism in which elevated [CO2] decreases stomatal conductance and canopy water use, ameliorating drought stress. Experiments in open top chambers (OTC) and free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facilities have enabled investigation of crop responses to elevated [CO2] in near natural, field conditions. Mechanistic understanding of physiological responses to elevated [CO2] has led to predictions that the stimulation of A, biomass production, and economic yield will vary with the temperature and water supply experienced by the crop. This study tested current assumptions about the relationships between relative responses of yield and biomass to elevated [CO2] and variation in growing season temperature and water inputs (precipitation plus irrigation). Growing season average temperature was not a good predictor of the magnitude of biomass and yield responses to elevated [CO2], contradicting the prediction that responses to elevated [CO2] would increase with increasing temperature due to the greater benefit from decreasing photorespiration. However, the prediction that the relative stimulation of yield by elevated [CO2] would be greatest in dry conditions was generally supported. Thus, a simple CO2 fertilization value is not appropriate for modeling future crop productivity under varying environmental conditions. Further studies are necessary across a broader range of environmental conditions in order to accurately predict how rising [CO2] will interact with temperature and drought stress and alter future crop production.
PBSC mobilization in lymphoma patients: analysis of risk factors for collection failure and development of a predictive score based on the kinetics of circulating CD34+ cells and WBC after chemotherapy and G‐CSF mobilization
Authors: Rossi Giuseppe , Skert Cristina , Morello Enrico , Almici Camillo , Arcaini Luca , Basilico Claudia , Cavalli Lara , Botto Barbara , Castelli Andrea , Pica Gianmatteo , Ripamonti Francesco , Salvi Flavia , Carella Angelo M. , Gaidano Gianluca , Levis Alessandro , Nosari Annamaria , Russo Domenico , Vitolo Umberto
Published: May 2014

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a potentially curative treatment of lymphoma, but peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization fails in some patients. PBSC mobilizing agents have recently been proved to improve the PBSC yield after a prior mobilization failure. Predictive parameters of mobilization failure allowing for a preemptive, more cost‐effective use of such agents during the first mobilization attempt are still poorly defined, particularly during mobilization with chemotherapy + granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF). We performed a retrospective analysis of a series of lymphoma patients who were candidates for ASCT, to identify factors influencing PBSC mobilization outcome. Premobilization parameters—age, histology, disease status, mobilizing protocol, and previous treatments—as well as white blood cell (WBC) and PBSC kinetics, markers potentially able to predict failure during the ongoing mobilization attempt, were analyzed in 415 consecutive mobilization procedures in 388 patients. We used chemotherapy + G‐CSF in 411 (99%) of mobilization attempts and PBSC collection failed (<2 × 106 CD34+ PBSC/kg) in 13%. Multivariable analysis showed that only a low CD34+ PBSC count and CD34+ PBSC/WBC ratio, together with the use of nonplatinum‐containing chemotherapy, independently predicted mobilization failure. Using these three parameters, we established a scoring system to predict risk of failure during mobilization ranging from 2 to 90%, thus allowing a selective use of a preemptive mobilization policy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global implications of China's healthcare reform
Authors: Yan Fei , Tang Shenglan , Zhang Jian
Published: May 2014

The ongoing healthcare reform in China has a powerful spillover effect beyond the health sector and the borders of China. A successful completion of the Chinese reform will offer a new model for social justice development, shift the global economy toward sustainability and create a new hub for science and technology in medical and health science. However, reforming the healthcare system in the most populated country is a daunting task. China will not live up to its promise, and all the potentials may end with hype not hope if coherent national strategies are not constructed and state‐of‐the‐art navigation is not achieved with staggering domestic and global challenges. The cost of failure will be immensely high, socioeconomic costs for Chinese and an opportunity cost for the world as a whole. A full appreciation of the global implications of China's healthcare reform is crucial in keeping China receptive toward good practices evidence‐approved elsewhere and open minded to fulfill its international obligations. More critically, the appreciation yields constructive engagements from global community toward a joint development and global prosperity. The current report provides a multiple disciplinary assessment on the global implications of the healthcare reform in China. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Identification of a Novel Highly Condensed Pentacyclic Heteroaromatic Ring System 1,3,5,5b,6,8,10,10b‐Octaazacyclopenta[h,i]Aceanthrylene and its Application in the Synthesis of 5,7‐Substituted Pyrazolo[4,3‐d]Pyrimidines
Authors: Havlíček Libor , Moravcová Daniela , Kryštof Vladimír , Strnad Miroslav
Published: May 2014

Pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidines are of interest as potential kinase inhibitors. This article describes the formation of a novel highly conjugated, condensed, centrosymmetric heteroaromatic compound, 4,9‐dichloro‐2,7‐diisopropyl‐1,3,5,5b,6,8,10,10b‐octaazacyclopenta[h,i]aceanthrylene (3), during the chlorination of 5,7‐dihydroxypyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidine (1) with phenylphosphonic dichloride. The nucleophilic attack of benzylamine on 3 afforded N‐benzyl‐5‐chloro‐3‐isopropyl‐1H‐pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidin‐7‐amine (6), which was further substituted to yield a pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidine analogue of roscovitine, a well‐known cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor.
Synthesis of 3‐Butadienyl‐1‐tosylpyrroles
Authors: Settambolo Roberta
Published: May 2014

A pathway for the formation of 3‐butadienyl‐1‐tosylpyrroles from 3‐acyl derivatives via secondary and tertiary 3‐hydroxyalkyl‐1‐tosylpyrroles has been developed. The dehydration of the alcohols intermediates is the crucial step: conditions for high chemo‐ and diastereocontrol are described.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluations of 1,3,4‐Thiadiazoline‐based Bisheterocyclics
Authors: Yusuf Mohamad , Kaur Manpreet , Jain Payal
Published: May 2014

The bisthiadiazolines (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g) were synthesized from the cyclization of bisthiosemicarbazones (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g) by refluxing under Ac2O medium. The intermediates were obtained from the reactions of dibenzaldehydes (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2g) with thiosemicarbazide by refluxing in the presence of dry EtOH/HCl. The latter were prepared in good yields from the O‐alkylation of 3‐hydroxybenzaldehyde with suitable dibromo derivatives under the alkaline conditions. The structures of prepared compounds were determined from rigorous analysis of their spectral parameters (UV–vis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and ESI‐MS). The newly prepared compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity against seven bacterial and five fungi strains using serial tube dilution method.
Synthesis of the first radiolabeled 188Re N‐heterocyclic carbene complex and initial studies on its potential use in radiopharmaceutical applications
Authors: Wagner Thomas , Zeglis Brian M. , Groveman Sam , Hille Claudia , Pöthig Alexander , Francesconi Lynn C. , Herrmann Wolfgang A. , Kühn Fritz E. , Reiner Thomas
Published: May 2014

A novel approach towards the synthesis of radiolabeled organometallic rhenium complexes is presented. We successfully synthesized and analyzed the first 188Re‐labeled N‐heterocyclic biscarbene complex, trans‐dioxobis(1,1′‐methylene‐bis(3,3′‐diisopropylimidazolium‐2‐ylidene))188rhenium(V) hexafluorophosphate (188Re‐4) via transmetalation using an air‐stable and moisture‐stable silver(I) biscarbene complex. In order to assess the viability of this complex as a potential lead structure for in vivo applications, the stability of the 188Re‐NHC complex was tested in physiologically relevant media. Ultimately, our studies illustrate that the complex we synthesized dissociates rapidly and is therefore unsuitable for use in radiopharmaceuticals. However, it is clear that the transmetalation approach we have developed is a rapid, robust, and mild method for the synthesis of new 188Re‐labeled carbene complexes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of chelator type on in vitro receptor binding and stability in 177Lu‐labeled cetuximab and panitumumab
Authors: Novy Zbynek , Laznickova Alice , Mandikova Jana , Barta Pavel , Laznicek Milan , Trejtnar Frantisek
Published: May 2014

Monoclonal antibodies are used in the therapy of various diseases. Thanks to their high specific uptake in target tissues, these antibodies can be utilized in targeted radioimmunotherapy as carriers of radioisotopes to tumors. However, important characteristics of antibodies such as target binding and stability in the organism may be affected by various structural parameters. This study has focused on the potential influence of selected chelators on radiochemical quality and in vitro receptor binding capacity in two modified monoclonal antibodies—cetuximab and panitumumab, both ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).

These two antibodies were each coupled with three macrocyclic chelators (1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid, 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane‐1,4,7‐triacetic acid, and 3,6,9,15‐tetraazabicyclo[9.3.1]‐pentadeca‐1(15),11,13‐triene‐4‐(S)‐(4‐isothiocyanatobenzyl)‐3,6,9‐triacetic acid) and labeled with lutetium‐177. The stability of the preparations was checked, and the cell binding to EGFR‐expressing cell lines was examined.

The used method led to very stable radiolabeled preparations. The results showed that binding to the target cells was not affected by the type of chelator.

All three chelators may be useful for the labeling of cetuximab and panitumumab with lutetium‐177 in future preclinical or clinical studies. Our study revealed previously unpublished fact that the type of chelator selected does not affect binding of EGFR‐targeted antibodies labeled with lutetium‐177. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transhiatal versus transthoracic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: A 2005–2011 NSQIP comparison of modern multicenter results
Authors: Papenfuss Wesley A. , Kukar Moshim , Attwood Kristopher , Kakarla Venkata R. , Chousleb Soni , Hochwald Steven N. , Nurkin Steven J.
Published: May 2014

Background

The surgical approach to esophageal cancer continues to be controversial. A transthoracic approach is often advocated for better oncologic staging and improved survival. A transhiatal approach is often preferred due to a perceived decreased operative morbidity and mortality.

Methods

Using the American College of Surgeons‐National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (ACS‐NSQIP) participant‐use file, patients were identified who underwent either a transhiatal or transthoracic esophagectomy for cancer at participating hospitals from 2005 to 2011. Demographic, clinical, intra‐operative variables, and 30‐day morbidity and mortality were collected.

Results

Of the 1,428 patients that had esophagectomy, 750 (52.5%) had a transhiatal (TH) resection and 678 (47.5%) had a transthoracic (TT) resection. The transhiatal group was older (66 vs. 63 years, P = 0.003) with a lower ASA class (2.84 vs. 2.91, P = 0.025). Operative time was greater in the TT group (364 vs. 298 min, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in 30 day overall mortality (TH = 2.9%, TT = 4.7%, P = 0.095) however a trend favored the TH group. Serious morbidity remains clinically significant in both groups (TH = 39.6%, TT = 43.5%, P = 0.146). The TH group had a significantly higher superficial wound infection rate (11.6% vs. 6.2%, P < 0.001) while the TT group required more perioperative blood transfusions (12.5% vs. 8.9%, P = 0.032) and returns to operating room (14.5% vs. 10.9%, P = 0.046).

Conclusion

Serious morbidity continues to be high for both types of esophagectomy. There needs to be continued efforts to diminish these complications. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:298–301. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intra‐operative guidance: Methods for achieving negative margins in breast conserving surgery
Authors: Hargreaves Anita C. , Mohamed Mohamed , Audisio Riccardo A.
Published: May 2014

The increasing incidence of breast cancer and advances in detection of small, impalpable cancers presents increasing challenges for the modern breast surgeon. Accurate localization and excision with adequate oncological margins to reduce loco‐regional recurrence rates whilst minimizing volume deficit and maximizing aesthetics remains the “gold standard.” We review the current techniques available and the developments within this field. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:21–25. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous diagnostic platform of genotyping EGFR, KRAS, and ALK in 510 Korean patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer highlights significantly higher ALK rearrangement rate in advanced stage
Authors: Kim Tae‐Jung , Park Chan Kwon , Yeo Chang Dong , Park Kihoon , Rhee Chin Kook , Kim Jusang , Kim Seung Joon , Lee Sang Haak , Lee Kyo‐Young , Yoon Hyoung‐Kyu
Published: May 2014

Background

Simultaneous genotyping has advantages in turnaround time and detecting the real mutational prevalence in unresectable non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a group not previously genetically characterized.

Methods

We developed simultaneous panel of screening EGFR and KRAS mutations by direct sequencing or PNA clamping, and ALK rearrangement by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in multicenter manner.

Results

Of 510 NSCLC Korean patients, simultaneous genotyping identified mutations of EGFR (29.0%) and KRAS (8.6%) and rearrangement of ALK (9.2%). Seven patients had overlaps in mutations. Although several well‐known associations between genotypes and clinical characteristics were identified, we found no relationship between ALK rearrangement and sex or smoking history. Unlike the other genotype mutations, ALK rearrangement was associated with advanced disease. Among the ALK‐negative group, patients with 10–15% of ALK FISH split shared characteristics, such as younger age and advanced stage disease, more with the ALK‐positive group (>15% ALK FISH split) than <10% ALK FISH split group.

Conclusions

Simultaneous panel genotyping revealed more prevalent ALK rearrangements than reported in previous studies and their strong association with advanced stage irrespective of sex or smoking history. ALK rearrangement seems to be a marker for aggressive tumor biology and should be assessed in advanced disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:245–251. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Therapeutic mammaplasty
Authors: Macmillan R.D. , James R. , Gale K.L. , McCulley S.J.
Published: May 2014

Therapeutic mammaplasty is a term for the oncoplastic application of breast reduction and mastopexy techniques to treat selected breast tumours by breast conserving surgery (BCS). It has the potential to increase the indications for BCS as well as achieve more acceptable aesthetic results from it in suitable women. Now an established technique in the range of oncoplastic options for women with breast cancer, it finds common application and is associated with good oncological and quality of life outcomes. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:90–95. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The low Mach number limit in Besov spaces for compressible magnetohydrodynamics equations
Authors: Wang Peng
Published: May 2014

In this paper, we develop a continuation principle for general hyperbolic singular limit problems in more general Besov spaces, which covers the cases of usual Sobolev spaces with higher regularity in and the critical Besov space. As an application, we give a simple justification for the low Mach number limit of compressible magnetohydrodynamics equations. More precisely, for the Mach number sufficiently small, the smooth compressible flows exist on the (finite) time interval where the incompressible magnetohydrodynamics equations have smooth solutions, and the definite convergence orders are also obtained. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying peer‐to‐peer communities in the network by connection graph analysis
Authors: Jusko Jan , Rehak Martin
Published: May 2014

In this paper we present a unified solution to identify peer‐to‐peer (P2P) communities operating in the network. We propose an algorithm that is able to progressively discover nodes cooperating in a P2P network and to identify that P2P network. Starting from a single known node, we can easily identify other nodes in the P2P network, through the analysis of widely available and standardized IPFIX (NetFlow) data. Instead of relying on the analysis of content characteristics or packet properties, we monitor connections of known nodes in the network and then progressively discover other nodes through the analysis of their mutual contacts. We show that our method is able to discover cooperating nodes in many P2P networks and present the real computational requirements of the algorithm on a large network. The use of standardized input data allows for easy deployment onto real networks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photodegradation behavior of the polycarbonate/TiO2 composite films under the UV irradiation in ambient air condition
Authors: Hwang Duck Kun , Shul Young Gun , Chu Yong Hwan
Published: May 2014

Photocatalytic degradation mechanism of the polycarbonate(PC)/TiO2 composite films was studied under the ambient air condition in order to investigate the feasibility of the PC/TiO2 composite as a photodegradable polymer. TiO2 composition in the PC/TiO2 composite was changed from 0 wt% to 4 wt%. Photodegradation behaviors of the composite films were compared with that of the pure PC films by performing the weight loss monitoring under UV irradiation, FTIR spectroscopy, color measurement analysis, SEM, and XPS analysis. The weight loss rate of the PC/TiO2 composite film (33% weight loss after 300 h) with 4 wt% TiO2 was twice as high as the pure PC films (14% weight loss after 300 h). The increase in the FTIR hydroxyl peak, and carbonyl peak intensity and the yellowing observation during the photodegradation were due to the formation of the photoproducts (aliphatic, aromatic chain‐ketones, aromatic, and OH radical) and the structural modification of polycarbonate. XPS analysis of composite film showed the photodegradation of the polymer surface and TiO2 particles exposure on the surface of the composite films matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1462–1468, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Phenolic Compounds Involved in Grafting Incompatibility of Vitis spp: Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for their Quantification
Authors: Canas Sara , Assunção Maria , Brazão João , Zanol Geni , Eiras‐Dias José Eduardo
Published: May 2014

Introduction

Graft incompatibility of Vitis spp is an unresolved worldwide problem with important economic consequences. Grafting comprises a complex set of morphological and physiological alterations, in which the phenolic compounds seem to be strongly involved. Therefore, a detailed analysis and recognition of structural phenolic compounds diversity in the two partners of a Vitis graft is of great importance to evaluate their role as markers of graft establishment.

Objective

To optimise a sample extraction method, and to develop and validate a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of phenolic acids and flavonols in the graft union so as to understand their behaviour in the metabolism of the scion–rootstock system, using compatible and incompatible combinations of a Syrah cultivar and two rootstocks (R110 and SO4).

Methods

Sixty extracts of Vitis grafting tissues were prepared and analysed by HPLC for the qualitative and quantitative determination of their phenolic profile.

Results

Among the phenolic compounds identified in the samples, one benzoic acid (gallic acid), three cinnamic acids (caffeic acid, ferulic acid and sinapic acid) and two flavonols (catechin and epicatechin) are potentially suitable as markers of graft incompatibility.

Conclusion

The method developed presents good performance and lends itself readily for application in routine analysis of the phenolic composition of Vitis grafting tissues to distinguish compatible and incompatible combinations in the graft callusing stage. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.