bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of specific brucellin to diagnose Brucellosis
Authors: Hamzah Aseel M.
Published: March 2024

act :
A soluble cytoplasmic antigen (Brucellin) was prepared from Brucella melitensis Rev1 and used to diagnose brucellosis in experimentally infected mice with virulent strains of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus two weeks after infection. The best result was obtained with the third peak of the four peaks. All four peaks were used as antigen for skin test in a group of mice two weeks after vaccinated with S19 vaccine and the best result was obtained with third peak. All four peaks were also used as antigen for skin test in a group of mice previously vaccinated with Listeria monocytogenes live attenuated vaccine. All four fractions of the extracted brucellin antigens exhibited a negative skin test result in Listeria monocytogenes experimentally vaccinated mice.
Comparison of The Effect of Aqueous Extracts of two Plants, Origanum Vulgare L. and Fenugreek Seeds with Anticancer Drug Cis-Platin on the Growth of Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Hussain Jinan , Hashim Iman , Mohammed Farooq Ibrahem , Salman Ashgan , Saad Noora
Published: March 2024

This study involved the effect of the aqueous extracts of two plants, Origanum vulgare L.(1), Trigonella Foenum Graecum L. (Fenugreek) seeds(2) on the growth of cancer cell lines. Rhabdomyo sarcomas (RD) of human cell line and female intestine cells of Albino mice (L20B) in vitro System. These extracts were compared with the known anticancer drug Cis-platinum(Cis-Pt) as a positive control. The phytochemical tests were used for screening the active compounds in plants. The inhibition activity assay was used as a parameter of the cytotoxic effect of these extracts. Cancer cell lines were treated with four concentrations of Cis-platin, 31.25, 62.5, 125 and 250 ?g/ml for 72 hour exposure time. The same concentrations were used for the other extracts. This study found that the two aqueous extracts (1,2) have a cytotoxic effects on cancer cells as could be seen from their effects on inhibition percentage and the significant differences (p
Effects of Lead on Hemopoeitic and Iron Status in Iraqi Workers at Lead Batteries Factory
Authors: AL-kazazz Fatin F. , AL-Waali Mustafa H.
Published: March 2024

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of lead exposure on hemopoetic system (through the index delta-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase ?-ALAD activity & hemoglobin concentration (Hb) ) and on iron status (levels of iron Fe, Ferritin Fr, Total iron binding capacity TIBC, percentage of transferine saturation TF%) in 44 Iraqi worker at lead batteries factory. Workers divided into two groups: smokers(n=21) mean aged (37.33±4.82 year)and non smokers(n=23) mean aged(40.78±7.89 year) and 45 healthy subjects mean aged (33.97±5.08)as control group . Activity of ?-ALAD ratio shows significant decrease (p ? 0.05) ,while Hb and hematocrit Hct were non significant (p ? 0.05) in smoker workers more than non smoker as compared to control . The results show a non significant decrease (p ? 0.05) in the sera levels of iron S.Fe, TS%, Fr in all workers as compared to control , the amount of decreasing for smoker more than non smoker except ferritin levels. A significant increases in the level of TIBC in workers as compared to control, this elevation is more in smoker than non smoker workers. In smoker workers, there was a significant positive correlation between the blood lead levels BLLs and Hb, Hct,TIBC whereas a significant negative correlation was observed between BLLs and S.Fe, TS%. In conclusion, the results of this study reveal the importance of monitoring the level of iron status in smoker peoples who dealing or exposure to lead due to the probability injured with anemia and used ?-ALAD ratio to predict the efficiency of their heme synthesis as a new marker for the diagnosis of early stage of anemia.
Synthesis and Spectral Studies of Co(II),Ni(II),Zn(II) and Cd(II) Complexes with Ligand 2-[4- Carboxy methyl phenyl azo] -4,5-diphenyl imidazole (4CMeI)
Authors: Jawad Shawket Kadhim , Kareem Ebtihal kadhum , Ali Ibtehaj Raheem
Published: March 2024

A new chelate complexes of Co(II),Ni(II),Zn(II) and Cd(II) were prepared by reacting these ions with the ligand 2-[4- Carboxy methyl phenyl azo]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (4CMeI) The preparation were conducted after fixing the optimum conditions such as (pH) and concentration .UV- visible spectra of these complex solutions were studied for a range of (pH) and concentration which obey lampert-Beers Law.The structures of complexes were deduced according to mole ratio method which were obtained from the spectroscopic studies of the complex solutions .The ratios of metal: ligand obtained were (1:2) for all complexes..(UV-Vis) absorption spectra and The infrared spectra of the chelating complexes were studied ,this may indicate that coordination between the metal ions and our ligand takes place.The conductivity measurements , elemental analysis ,the percentage of some metal ions and the measurements of magnetic susceptibility of the complexes were determined ,Depending on these results , in addition to, We may conclude that the ligand was bidentate Also the proposed geometrical structures of the complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd (II) ions are octahedral
Comparison of Maximum Likelihood and some Bayes Estimators for Maxwell Distribution based on Non-informative Priors
Authors: Al-Baldawi Tasnim H.K.
Published: March 2024

In this paper, Bayes estimators of the parameter of Maxwell distribution have been derived along with maximum likelihood estimator. The non-informative priors; Jeffreys and the extension of Jeffreys prior information has been considered under two different loss functions, the squared error loss function and the modified squared error loss function for comparison purpose. A simulation study has been developed in order to gain an insight into the performance on small, moderate and large samples. The performance of these estimators has been explored numerically under different conditions. The efficiency for the estimators was compared according to the mean square error MSE. The results of comparison by MSE show that the efficiency of Bayes estimators of the shape parameter of the Maxwell distribution decreases with the increase of Jeffreys prior constants. The results also show that values of Bayes estimators are almost close to the maximum likelihood estimator when the Jeffreys prior constants are small, yet they are identical in some certain cases. Comparison with respect to loss functions show that Bayes estimators under the modified squared error loss function has greater MSE than the squared error loss function especially with the increase of r.
Effect of aqueous and alcohol (phenol) extract from cyperus rotundus on mitotic Division in tap roots of Allium cepa
Authors: Hassan Intisar Abdullah
Published: March 2024

This study was conducted to test the effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts for cyperus rotundus on the mitosis in tap roots of Allium cepa. the result of general an identical qualitative tests showed contains certain compounds that of crude aqueous and alcoholic extract, Used as five different concentrations of (10, 20.38, 56, 75) mg / ml for a period of four hours of treatment.
After the chemical has been detected for some preliminary chemical compounds of the crude aqueous extract, while the alcoholic extract either phenol compound has been detected for phenols using several techniques included the use of thin layer chromatography TLC and measurement of disability factor RF and the degree of fusion and measurement of absorbance.
The results showed that the crude aqueous extract and alcoholic extract and phenol their impact inhibitive as decreased normal division in all concentrations, where it decreased to 50% of the control treatment at the highest concentration also led all transcription to stop cells in metaphase at different rates and there were some chromosomal aberration including Bridges.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Polyimide Contain Heterocyclic
Authors: Al-Tamimi Entesar O. , Al-Mouamin Thanaa M.
Published: March 2024

Novel heterocyclic polyimide 5(a,b) have been synthesized based on polyacrylic backbone. The synthetic route start with nucleophilic substitution of 2-amino, or 4-amino, pyridine 1(a,b) to the polyacryloyl chloride afforded poly substituted amide 2(a,b). Another nucleophilic substitution were carried with adipoyl chloride to form polyimide chloride 3(a,b). Treatment of 3(a,b) with hydrazine hydrate afforded acid hydrazide polyimide 4(a,b), which upon cyclocondensation with carbon disulfide gave the target heterocyclic polyimide. The synthesized compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods: FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.
Inhibition activity of Saccharomyces boulardii and Lactobacillus acidophilus against pathogenic E.coli isolates from Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in women In Vitro
Authors: Rezuqi Nada S. , Younis Farah Q.
Published: March 2024

The aims of study is to detect the inhibitory effect of Saccharomyces boulardii and Lactobacillus acidophilus on Escherichia coli that has been isolated from recurrent urinary tract infection in women. The sensitivity of E.coli isolates to antibiotics had been studied and the most resistant E.coli isolate to antibiotics had been studied .The cup assay was used on nutrient agar and Muller-Hinton agar to detect the inhibitory activity for each S.boulardii yeast grown on YEGP media and L.acidophilus grown on MRS media in which the result showed a high inhibition activity for each of them .Also in this study the adhesion property of E.coli had been evaluated in the presence of S.boulardii at concentration of 1×109 and L.acidophilus at concentration of 1×106. Result revelead that both of them inhibit the adhesion of E.coli at 72.73% and 64.91% , respecherely these concentrations was used to measure the bacteriocin activity produced by L.acidophilus and inhibitory compounds produced by S.boulardii.The result showed there were no growth for E.coli colonies after 48 hrs of incubation.
The Effect of Vitamin A on Testis Weight and Sexual Glands on Albino Male Mice Treated with Hexavalent Chromium
Authors: Hussain Abeer M. , AL-Obidiy Sabah A. , Yousef Waleed H.
Published: March 2024

This study was conducted to determine the effect of vitamin A ( 10 mg/kg ) on avearage testis weight and sexual glands ( Prostate and Seminal Vesicle ) for albino male mice treated with Hexavalent chromium ( 1000 ppm ) .The current study 40 mice were divided into fife groups : 1st group treated with distilled water and considered an control group (C) / the 2nd group treated with sesame oil ( T1) / 3rd group was givin hexavalent chromium ( 1000 ppm ) (T2) / 4th group treated with vitamin A ( 10 mg / kg ) and exposed to hexavalent chromium ( 1000 ppm ) (T3) / 5th group treated with vitamin A ( 10 mg kg ) (T4) . The expermint lasted 35 day . the results showed a significant ( P ? 0.05 ) decrease in avearage testis weight and sexual glands ( Prostate and Seminal Vesicle ) as compared with control group . Results also showed a significant ( P ? 0.05 ) increase in avearage testis weight and sexual gland (Prostate and Seminal Vesicle ) in the group treated with vitamin A and exposed to hexavalent chromium in comparison with group that treated with hexavalent chromium . the last group that treated with vitamin A showed a best significant ( P ? 0.05 ) increase in all the parameters studied in comparison with group treated with sesame oil .
In conclusion , vitamin A had positive effect on fertility of albino male mice through its effect at testis and sexual glands ( Prostate and Seminal Vesicle ) weights by improving the negative effect caused from exposing to hexavalent chromium .
Kinetic and thermodynamic Studies Of Alanine Aminopeptidase(AAP) Isoenzymes I,II Partially Purified From Patient's Urine With Urinary Tract Cancer
Authors: Al-Akabie Taghreed U.
Published: March 2024

The activity of Alanine aminopeptidase( AAP ) was measured in the urine of healthy and urinary tract cancer patients , the results showed higher activity of (AAP) in patients compared to healthy . AAP was Purified from the urine of healthy and patients with urinary tract cancer by dialysis and gel filtration (Sephadex G – 50) and two isoenzymes of (AAP) were separated from urine by using ion-exchang resin (DEAE – Sephadex A – 50 ) in previous study.
The kinetics studies showed that both isoenzymes I and II obeyed Michaelis – Menton equation . with optimal concentration of alanine-4-nitroanilide as substrate for isoenzymes I and II which was (2 x 10-3 mol/L ). The two isoenzymes obeyed Arrhenius equation up two 37° C and their Ea and Q10 constants were determined . The binding of alanine-4-nitroanilide by two isoenzymes I , II were studied and the kinetic constant ( k+1 , k-1 , Ka , Ks ) were indicated that the reaction was first order at 37° C .Thermodynamic parameters of the standard state ( ?G°, ?H° , ?S° ) and the transition state ( ?G*, ?H* , ?S* ) were determined by using Vant Hoff and Arrhenius equations.
The Aqueous Crude Extract of Carrot Seeds ( Daucus carota L.) and it Role in Fertility of Male Albino Mice
Authors: Al-Saadi Roaa M , Al-Obaidi Sabah A.R , Yousif Waleed H
Published: March 2024

This study was designed to test the effect of the treatment with aqueous extract of carrot seeds( Daucus carota) on fertility of male albino mice by effected on Body weight , testis weight ,secondary sex organs (prostate , seminal vesicle) and sperms properties .This experiment used (24) albino male mice aged(8-10)weeks. these animals were randomly divided into three groups contain two doses (200,400mgkg) were used from both extracts ,they were daily and orally given for (35)days ,and control group was given physiological saline. After the end of the experiment the animals were sacrificed after taken their body weights. The results were show:
1. A significant (p
Seasonal Study for Habitat of Myriophyllum spicatum L. in Al-Burgga Marsh, Hor Al-Hammar, Southern Iraq
Authors: Al-Kenzawi Mohammed A. H.
Published: March 2024

Myriophyllum spicatum distribution in Al-Burgga marsh, Hor Al-Hammar was described in relation to some of the physical-chemical properties for its habitat (water depth, light penetration, water temperature, water salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, Ca+2, Mg+2, reactive NO2=, reactive NO3-1, and reactive PO4-3) during 2011, seasonally. CANOCO ordination program (CCA) was used to analyse the data. Its vegetation cover percentage was with its peak at summer, its value was 90 %, while the lowest value was 20 % in winter. Statistically, Positive relationships for WT, sal., Ca+2, Mg+2, reactive NO2=, reactive NO3-1, and reactive PO4-3 with the vegetation cover percentage were observed. While, negative relationships for WD, pH, and DO with the vegetation cover percentage were observed. Also, the negative relationship between light penetration and the vegetation cover percentage can be attributed to the water depth, which was shallow and the light penetration followed water depth and reached to the bottom during all of the period study. In addition, two species were registered with Myriophyllum spicatum community as associated species, which are Hydrilla verticillata and Ceratophyllum demersum.
Factors Influence on the yield of Bacterial Cellulose of Kombucha (Khubdat Humza)
Authors: AL-Kalifawi Esam J. , Hassan Inaam A.
Published: March 2024

Kombucha(Khubdat Humza) is composed of yeast and acetic acid bacteria especially, Acetobacter xylinum which forms a cellulose pellicle on tea broth. Kombucha(Khubdat Humza) produces bacterial cellulose pellicles, with unique purity and fine structure. It can be used in many forms, such as an emulsifier, stabilizer, dispersing agent, thickener and gelling agent but these are generally subsidiary to its most important use of holding on to water. Recently, bacterial cellulose is used in many special applications such as a scaffold for tissue engineering of cartilages and blood vessels, also for artificial skin for temporary covering of wounds, as well as its used in the clothing industry. The yield of cellulose produced were investigated in this study, the tea broth was fermented naturally over a period of up to 20 days in the presence of different amounts of black tea and sucrose as nitrogen and carbon sources. 10g/L black tea produced highest weight of bacterial cellulose (55.46g/L) and 100g/L sucrose also exhibited high amount of pellicle (63.58g/L). Temperature was essential factor on growth, where the pellicle was formed at range (20°C - 50°C) and higher temperature over 50°C depressed the bacterial cellulose formation. The bacterial cellulose production increased with the increase of surface area and depth of the broth. Findings from this study suggest that the yield of cellulose depends on many factors that need to be optimized to achieve maximum yield.
Modeling and optimum design band pass filter for mid IR region
Authors: Abed Al-Gaffer Alaa N. , Rashid Haifa G , Gahdban Ansam Q.
Published: March 2024

In this study, we design narrow band pass filter for window (3_5) ?m dependent on the needle optimization method , and a comparison with global designs published -Also, the effect of change parameter design on the optical performance of filter was studded and being able to overcome the difficulties of the design.In this study, the adoption of homogeneous optical properties materials as thin film depositing on a substrate of germanium at wavelength design (? = 4 ?m).
For design this kind of filters we used advanced computer program (Matlab )to build a model design dependent both matrix characteristic and Needle technique. In this paper we refer to the type of Mert function , which is used for correct optical performance access to the target in very short time.
The effect of temperature and chemical solutions on the Compressive strength of particulate hybrid composites
Authors: Al-Azzawi Ali Hassan R.H
Published: March 2024

In this work a hybrid composite materials were prepared containing matrix of polymer (polyethylene PE) reinforced by different reinforcing materials (Alumina powder + Carbon black powder CB + Silica powder).
The hybrid composite materials prepared are:
• H1 = PE + Al2O3 + CB
• H2 = PE + CB + SiO2
• H3 = PE + Al2O3 + CB + SiO2
All samples related to electrical tests were prepared by injection molding process.
Mechanical tests include compression with different temperatures and different chemical solutions at different immersion times
The mechanical experimentations results were in favour of the samples (H3) with an obvious weakness of the samples (H1) and a decrease of these properties with a rise in temperature and the increasing of the immersion times in the chemical solutions.
Synthesis and Spectral Analysis of Mn (II), Cu (II) ,Ni (II) and Cd (II) Complexes with Mixed Ligands containing 1,10-phenanthroline and Schiff base derived of 4-aminoantipyrine
Authors: Mahmoud Waleed Ali , Ibraheem Israa Hmood
Published: March 2024

The complexes of Schiff base of 4-aminoantipyrine and 1,10-phenanthroline with metal ions Mn (II), Cu (II), Ni (II) and Cd (II) were prepared in ethanolic solution, these complexes were characterized by Infrared , electronic spectra, molar conductance, Atomic Absorption ,microanalysis elemental and magnetic moment measurements. From these studies the tetrahedral geometry structure for the prepared complexes were suggested.The prepared ligand of 4-aminoantipyrine was characterized by using Gc-mass spectrometer .
Is serum amylase normal in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome?
Authors: Zainulabdeen Jwan A.
Published: March 2024

Background : Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of infertility in reproductive-age women , it is an important harbinger of metabolic disorders. It has been reported that hyperamylasemia can be used as marker of ovarian cancer patients . The current study was conducted to evaluate amylase activity and to estimate the correlation of this enzyme with insulin and insulin resistance in PCOS patients.
Methods: This study was conducted on forty five patients with PCOS in comparison to twenty five women as control. Fasting blood sample was taken from each subject and analyzed for amylase activity , FSH,LH, Insulin , proteins, and blood sugar , meanwhile insulin resistance was determined by HOMA-IR index.
Results: The results of the study showed a significant increase (p
Synthesis, Characterization and Stability Study of V(IV), Zr(IV), Rh(III), Pd(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) Complexes with Pyrazol Derivative
Authors: Al-bayati Sinan M. , Rasheed Enaam M. , Al-Soodani Maysoon A , Salah Sarab M
Published: March 2024

In this work lactone (1) was prepared from the reaction of p-nitro phenyl hydrazine with ethylacetoacetate, which upon treatment with benzoyl chloride afforded the lactame (2). The reaction of (2) with 2-amino phenol produced a new Schiff base (L) in good yield. Complexes of V(IV), Zr(IV), Rh(III), Pd(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) with the new Schiff base (L) have been prepared. The compounds (1, 2) were characterized by FT-IR and UV spectroscopy, as well as characterizing ligand (L) by the same techniques with elemental analysis (C.H.N) and (1H-NMR). The prepared complexes were identified and their structural geometries were suggested by using elemental analysis (C.H.N), flame atomic absorption technique, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, in addition to magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. Metal to ligand [M:L] ratio was obtained for all complexes in ethanol using molar ratio method, which gave comparable results with those obtained for the solid complexes. As well as the apparent stability constant of the complexes have been studied with the time and their color were stable for more than 4 hrs., furthermore the molar absorptivity have been calculated.
Oscillations of First Order Neutral Differential Equations with Positive and Negative Coefficients
Authors: Mohamad Hussain Ali , Abdullah Muntaha Yousif
Published: March 2024

Oscillation criterion is investigated for all solutions of the first-order linear neutral differential equations with positive and negative coefficients. Some sufficient conditions are established so that every solution of eq.(1.1) oscillate. Generalizing of some results in [4] and [5] are given. Examples are given to illustrated our main results.
Study the effect of Aqueous cold water and Alcoholic extracts of Ziziphus spina christi against bacteria isolated from Conjunctivitis In vitro and In vivo
Authors: Abd Al-Wahab Hala I. , Hussien Talib A.
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to study the effect of Ziziphus spina christi Aqueous cold and Alcoholic leaves and fruits extracts on the growth and activities of the following types of bacteria :( Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes ). The results appeared outweigh the alcoholic extract of leaves and fruits of Sidr that prepared by saxholate extractor by addition of ethanol 95% significant superiority as compared with aqueous extract that prepared by using distilled water as was its influence inhibitor to the growth and effectiveness of bacteria , about the treatment of in-vivo to cause injury to these types of bacteria diagnosed laboratory mice and treated with alcoholic extract of the leaves of Sidr highest concentration of inhibitor Tests showed a positive response to treatment.
Spectrophotometric determination of Phenylephrine hydrochloride and Salbutamol sulphate drugs in pharmaceutical preparations using diazotized Metoclopramide hydrochloride
Authors: Al-Abachi Mouyed Q. , Abed Sadeem S.
Published: March 2024

A spectrophotometric method has been proposed for the determination of two drugs containing phenol group [phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHP) and salbutamol sulphate (SLB)] in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method is based on the diazotization reaction of metoclopramide hydrochloride (MCP) and coupling of the diazotized reagent with drugs in alkaline medium to give intense orange colored product (?max at 470 nm for each of PHP and SLB). Variable parameters such as temperature, reaction time and concentration of the reactants have been analyzed and optimized. Under the proposed optimum condition, Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 1-32 and 1-14 ?g mL-1 for PHP and SLB, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for each of PHP and SLB were 0.60, 0.52 ?g mL-1 and 2.02, 1.72 ?g mL-1, respectively. No interference was observed from common excipients present in pharmaceutical preparations. The good correlation coefficients and low relative standard deviation assert the applicability of this method. The suggested method was further applied for the determinations of drugs in commercial pharmaceutical preparations, which was compared statistically with reference methods by means of t- test and F- test and were found not to differ significantly at 95% confidence level. The procedure was characterized by its simplicity with accuracy and precision.
Effect glucosamine sulfate drug on liver tissue of male Albino mice
Authors: Fadill Lamiaa A. , Haba Mukhtar Kh.
Published: March 2024

The current study designed to determine the effect of Glucosamine sulfate on the liver tissue of Albino mice .the study included (40)mice divided in to 4 groups(control group had distilled water orally ).The other groups treated with(1000,2000,3000)ml/k .respectively for 8 week .the liver have been taken from dissected animal for microscopic preparation to study the histological changes .Frequently histopathologicale changes appeared in the liver tissue of the exposure groups during (4-8)week .This changes depends on (Dose and Time ). The effects were Congestion ,Infiltration ,Swelling ,Vaculation ,Hyalinization , Amyloid and Necrosis.
The effect of changing the evacuated tube tilt angle and the fluid of the solar collector on the performance of a hybrid solar air conditioning system
Authors: Abd Salah S. , Sarhan Ali R. , Salman Amer A. , Mohammad Hassan I.
Published: March 2024

In the hybrid coolingsolar systems , a solar collectoris used to convertsolar energy intoheat sourcein order to super heat therefrigerant leave thecompressor,andthisprocess helpsin the transformation ofrefrigerant state from gaseous statetothe liquid statein upper two-thirdsof thecondenserinstead of the lower two-thirdssuchas in thetraditional air-conditioning systems and this willreduce theenergyneeded torun the process ofcooling.In this research two hybrid air-conditioning system with an evacuated tube solar collector were used, therefrigerant was R22 and the capacity was 2 tons each.The tilt angle of the evacuated tube solar collector was changed and the solar collector fluid was replaced into oil instead of water.A comparison wasin the amount ofcurrentconsumptionof the two systems at the same operating conditions.The currentconsumptionof the hybrid coolingsystemwith the changed tilt angle and replaced fluid wasless thantheunchanged oneby(38% - 58%), meaning that there was a current consumption saving as a result of tubes tilt angle and solar collector fluid changing.
Optimization of Glutathione S-Transferase in the Sera of Young Female Iraqi Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type1
Authors: Saifullah Perry H. , Dia’a Rawa’a M. Mohammed
Published: March 2024

This study was attempted to determine optimum conditions, for Glutathione s-Transferase enzyme, in sera of three groups diabetic patients type1 depending on duration of disease without complications compared with control group. The aim of this study was to find optimum conditions were determined such as (pH, Substrate Concentration, Temperature, Incubation time, Enzyme concentration, and effect of(0.15M)(0.25M) of mono divalent compounds). And to find the kinetics parameters in the three groups of diabetic patients when compared with control. It was found optimum pH(8.5,4.5,2.5,6.5).Temperatures(20cº,40cº,50cº,30cº). Incubation times (7min, 4min, 4min, 5min) substrate concentrations (12µl, 10µl, 5µl, 10µl) enzyme concentrations by enzyme volumes (125µl, 100µl, 75µl, 100µl) for group one, two, three and control group respectively., The maximum activity was presence in mono valent compounds were found in NaCl while in divalent compounds the maximum activity was presence CuSO4 more than the other compounds. By using line weaver –Burk plot we estimate the three values of Km and three values Vmax for the three groups of diabetic patients and control. which enhance our result that there are confirm three isoenzymes for Glutathione –S- transferase.
Study of Some Biochemical Parameters in Iraqi Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Hammami Seenaa A. al-
Published: March 2024

Leukemia or cancer of the blood is the most common childhood cancer, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is the most common form of leukemia that occurs in children. It is characterized by the presence of too many immature white blood cells in the child’s blood and bone marrow, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia can occur in adults too, treatment is different for children. Children with ALL develop symptoms related to infiltration of blasts in the bone marrow, lymphoid system, and extramedullary sites, such as the central nervous system (CNS). Common constitutional indications consist of fatigue (50%), pallor (25%), fever (60%), and weight loss (26%). Infiltration of blast cells in the marrow cavity and periosteum often lead to bone pain (23%) and disturbance of normal hematopoiesis. Thrombocytopenia with platelet counts less than 100,000 are seen in approximately 75% of patients. About 40% of patients with childhood ALL present with hemoglobin levels less than 7 g/dL. Although leukocyte counts greater than 50,000/mm3 occur in 20% of cases, neutropenia defined as an absolute neutrophil count less than 500 is common at presentation and is associated with an increased risk of infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the differentiations in some biochemical parameters (Hb, PCV, total serum proteins Aspartate amino transferase(AST), Alanin amino transferase (ALT), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood which can be conceder as a marker of ALL. Samples were collected from 50 patients (between 1-16 years old) diagnosed with ALL after one month treatment with induction therapy, compared with 30 control samples taken from healthy persons at the same age . The ALT and MDA showed a significant increase p < 0.001 and p
Potential Energy Expectation Value for Lithium Excited State (1s2s3s)
Authors: Al-Bayati Khalil H. , Hussein Nasma G. , Adel Ban H.
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the present work is to calculate the expectation value of potential energy for different spin states (??? ? ???,??? ? ???) and compared it with spin states (??? , ??? ) for lithium excited state (1s2s3s) and Li- like ions (Be+,B+2) using Hartree-Fock wave function by partitioning techanique .The result of inter particle expectation value shows linear behaviour with atomic number and for each atom and ion the shows the trend ??? < ??? < ??? < ???
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Cefalexin Dervatives
Authors: AL-Tamimi Entesar O. , Muslih Raad M. , Thejeel Khalida A
Published: March 2024

New series of Schiff bases 2(a-j) and corresponding beta-lactam derivatives 3(a-j) were synthesized from cefalexin (1) as starting material. The compound (1) was reacted with different aldehydes and ketones to give Schiff bases derivatives 2(a-j). The synthesized Schiff bases were cyclized by chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine to form beta-lactam derivatives 3(a-j). The compounds were characterized by deremination melting point, FT-IR and 1H NMR. The beta-lactam derivatives were screened in vitro antibacterial against some bacterial species
Disorder Activity of Some Enzymes Plays an Important Role in Pathological Mechanism of Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease
Authors: Al-Sadoun Mohammed B. , AL-Sabaawy Osama M.
Published: March 2024

The aim of this research to show the role of some enzymes in pathological mechanism of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease. Sixty patients with RA and matched number of apparently healthy volunteers were included in the study. Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine Peroxy nitrite (ONOO), Nitric oxide (NO), Nitric oxide synthase activity (NOS) cycloxygenase-2 activity (COX-2), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum of both groups. Colorimetric assay kits were used to determine Iron. Rheumatoid factor (RF) was determined using Imuno-Latex kit. ONOO, NO levels, and NOS activity were significantly higher in the patients compared to the control group. Conversely, Iron level, SOD activity and GPX activity were significantly lower in the patients compared to the control. In patients group, RF has significant positive correlation with COX-2, NOS activity and NO level while; it has significant negative correlation with Iron level. ONOO level has significant positive correlation with NO level, NOS activity and COX-2 activity while has significant negative correlation with Iron and SOD activity. NOS activity and NO level have significant positive correlation with COX-2 activity while, they have negative correlation with Iron. Iron has significant negative correlation with COX-2 activity. In control group, COX-2 has significant positive correlation with NOS activity and ONOO level. GPX has significant positive correlation with SOD and Iron. In conclusion: disorder activity of COX-2, NOS, SOD and GPX enzymes play important role in the pathological mechanism of rheumatoid arthritis and they linked with a decreased level of serum iron
A New Three Step Iterative Method without Second Derivative for Solving Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Sabri Raghad I.
Published: March 2024

In this paper , an efficient new procedure is proposed to modify third –order iterative method obtained by Rostom and Fuad [Saeed. R. K. and Khthr. F.W. New third –order iterative method for solving nonlinear equations. J. Appl. Sci .7(2011): 916-921] , using three steps based on Newton equation , finite difference method and linear interpolation. Analysis of convergence is given to show the efficiency and the performance of the new method for solving nonlinear equations. The efficiency of the new method is demonstrated by numerical examples.
Study the genesis of the Moons of Jupiter and their Physical Properties
Authors: Mahdi Farid M.
Published: March 2024

A developed model has been put for the hypothesis of capturing moons in explaining the origin of Jupiter moons, and study the change of the orbital properties of these satellites as well as the distance from the planet. Jupiter moons were divided into two types according to their physical and orbital properties, they are the moons , which are formed from the same material as the planet, so it was named the original moons ,while the moons that have been captured from the surrounding space was renamed exotic moons . And the moons of exotic origin asteroid belt and the Kuiper belt in the region which is behind Neptune, the origin of each clique of moons is an asteroid fragmented after colliding previously with another body and then gathered again by simple gravity of its parts among them, and then it has been disintegrated once again due to the influence of the gravity of the planet against it, and the process of captivity are due to the gravitational interaction between the asteroid or comet and the planet when one of them enters within Hill ball to Jupiter.
Synthesis, Characterization and Study the Biological Activity of New Morpholine Derivative
Authors: AlTamiemi Entesar O. , Khammas Sameaa J. , AlKaissi Sura S.
Published: March 2024

A new series of morpholine derivative were prepared by reacting the morpholine with ethyl chloro acetate in the presence triethylamine as an catalyst and benzene as a solvent gave the ethyl morpholin-4-ylacetate reaction with hydrazine hydrate and ethanol as a solvent gave the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)acetohydrazide gave series of Schiff base were prepared by reacting 2-(morpholin-4- yl)acetohydrazide with different aromatic aldehydes and ketons . The new series of (3-9 )were synthesis by reaction of Schiff base (10-14) with chloroacetyl chloride, triethyl amine as an catalyst and 1,4dioxane as a solvent .The chemical structures of the synthesis compound were identified by spectral methods their [ IR ,1H-NMR and 13C-NMR ].The synthesised compounds were screened for antibacterial activity and antifungal activity promising by disc diffusion method by measuring the zone of inhibition and the results were compared to standard drugs ciprofloxacin .
A Grain Size Profile Prediction Method Based on Combined Model of Extreme Gradient Boosting and Artificial Neural Network and Its Application in Sand Control Design
Authors: Liu Shanshan
Published: March 2024

The grain size distribution along the well depth is of great significance for the prediction of the physical properties and the staged sand control design of the unconsolidated or weakly consolidated sandstone reservoir. In this paper, a new method for predicting the formation median grain size profile based on the combination model of extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and artificial neural network (ANN) is proposed. The machine learning algorithm and weighted combination model are applied to the prediction and analysis of reservoir grain size. The prediction model is improved from two aspects: First, the feature engineering of the XGBoost-ANN model is constructed by using the data of multiple sampling points on the logging curve. Second, the prediction accuracy is improved by increasing the dimension of the prediction model, that is, the XGBoost and ANN single-prediction models are weighted by the error reciprocal method and a combined prediction model containing multidimensional information is established. The research results show that compared with the single-point mapping model, the prediction accuracy of the multipoint mapping model considering the vertical geological continuity of the reservoir is higher than that of the single-point prediction and the coefficient of determination in the testing set can be improved up to 14.5%. The influence of different weighting methods on prediction performance is studied, and the prediction performance of original XGBoost, ANN, and XGBoost-ANN combined models is compared. The combined prediction model has a higher prediction accuracy than the single XGBoost and ANN models with the same number of sampling points and the coefficient of determination can be improved by up to 16.5%. The prediction accuracy and generalization ability of the XGBoost-ANN combined model are evaluated comprehensively. The combined model is used to design layered sand control of a well in an adjacent block, and good results have been achieved in production practice. This study provides a new method with high accuracy and efficiency for the prediction of unconsolidated sand median grain size profile.
Domain-Specific Summarization: Optimizing InLegalBERT for Indian Judgment Reports
Authors: Sharma Saloni , Singh Piyush Pratap
Published: March 2024

Indian court judgment reports frequently include complicated words and sentences, making it difficult for the general public and legal experts to understand these legal documents. Legal organizations hire legal experts to provide summaries of complex and lengthy legal texts. Hence, a variety of techniques have been created to construct the summaries. In this research, we utilized the InLegalBERT model, originally trained to perform Legal Statute Identification, Semantic Segmentation, and Court Judgment Prediction tasks on Indian legal documents. In addition to these three tasks, the main goal of this research is to suggest a novel approach to use InLegalBERT to perform downstream tasks of summarization. To evaluate the effectiveness of our summarization strategy, we employed four different models: Legal Pegasus, T5 base, BART, and BERT. Based on the ROUGE-L F1 scores, the suggested approach using the InLegalBERT model is performing the best for Indian legal document summarization with a precision of 0.3022 and a recall of 0.664. Evaluation result Rouge1 F1 is 0.4226, Rouge2 F1 is 0.2604 and RougeL F1 is 0.4023
Evaluation of a personalized game-based learning app for developing young children’s reading skills
Authors: Bang Hee Jin , Siebert-Evenstone Amanda
Published: March 2024

This study examines whether [Reading App], an adaptive, personalized game-based program designed to help young learners build a foundation for reading comprehension and literacy, can improve early reading skills for pre-kindergarteners and kindergarteners (N = 402 treatment, 690 comparison). This study measured the feasibility of implementing [Reading App] in classrooms, teacher and student experiences of using the application, and growth in literacy outcomes between students in classrooms using [Reading App] and students in classrooms not using the application, controlling for baseline performance. Results of hierarchical linear models showed that: (a) kindergarteners who used [Reading App] made significantly greater gains on end-of-year literacy assessment than the comparison group, especially in alphabet knowledge and (b) pre-kindergarteners who mastered at least 16 alphabet skills in [Reading App] experienced greater gains in the skill than comparison group peers. Teacher surveys and interviews suggested that [Reading App] is an easy-to-use, effective, engaging learning resource that empowers them to provide personalized instruction and foster a more equitable classroom environment. The study provides initial evidence of [Reading App]’s effectiveness as a program that can enhance educators’ capacity to address learner variability and provide personalized instruction for all learners.
Ameliorative Effect of n-Butanol Fraction of Phoenix dactylifera on Mercury Induced Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats
Authors: Abubakar Musa Garba , Agbon Abel Nosereme , Musa Sunday Abraham , Hamman Wilson O. , Oladele Sunday Blessing
Published: March 2024

Mercury is a highly toxic substance that poses a serious threat to living organisms. This work evaluated the protective effects of n-butanol fraction of Phoenix dactylifera Linn (BFPD) on mercury-induced kidney toxicity in Wistar rats. 25 rats were divided into 5 groups containing 5 rats each. Group I was administered 2 ml/kg of distilled water; group II was administered 5 mg/kg of mercury chloride (HgCl2); groups III and IV received 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg of BFPD followed by 5 mg/kg of HgCl2 respectively. Group V was treated with 100 mg/kg of silymarin followed by 5 mg/kg of HgCl2. All administrations were oral and lasted for 2 weeks after which the rats were euthanized and blood and kidney samples were collected for biochemical, histological, and histochemical studies respectively. HgCl2 induced oxidative stress resulting in nephrotoxicity in the rats noticeable by altered levels of Na2+, Ca2+, K+, Cl− and HCO3−, and activities of SOD and catalase when compared to the control. However, BFPD treatment ameliorated these alterations. The group treated with HgCl2 showed histological variations in the kidney such as dilated Bowman’s capsule and glomerular shrinkage while histochemical analysis revealed reduced reactivity to glycogen moiety when compared to the control. Treatment with BFPD protected the histoarchitectural properties of the kidney comparable to the control. In conclusion, BFPD protected the kidney against HgCl2-induced nephrotoxicity in rats due to its antioxidant (flavonoid) properties. Therefore, BFPD may be considered a noble candidate for treating and managing HgCl2-related nephrotoxicity.
The effects of modified deep serratus anterior plane block on surgical stress and perioperative neurocognitive disorders in elderly patients undergoing thoracic surgery: a randomized clinical study
Authors: Cheng Jiating , Sun Qirui , Sun Jianliang , Cheng Yuan , Lei Weiping
Published: March 2024

Background
To evaluate and compare the effects of a modified deep serratus anterior plane block (DSPB) combined with general anesthesia on surgical stress and perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) in elderly patients undergoing thoracic surgery, providing a new way to reduce the occurrence of PND in elderly patients undergoing thoracic surgery.
Methods
Sixty-six patients undergoing thoracic surgery were randomly assigned to receive either single-shot DSPB or local block after tracheal intubation using ropivacaine 0.5% 20 mL. The primary outcomes were the visual analog scale (VAS) score at each time point and the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score before surgery and after discharge from the hospital (or seventh day postoperative). Secondary outcomes included drug consumption, vital signs, blood gas analysis, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and serum cortisol levels.
Results
Sixty patients were eventually enrolled in this study. The VAS scores were significantly lower in the DSPB group than in the local block group (all P < 0.05). The difference in blood gas analysis index TCO2 (27.71 ± 3.49 vs 29.31 ± 2.26) in the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The length of hospitalization in the DSPB group was shorter than that in the local block group (6.03 ± 1.35 vs 7.20 ± 1.49), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in MoCA scores before surgery and after hospitalization (or the seventh day postoperative), stress indices, vital signs, bispectral index value, blood gas analysis (except TCO2), and drug addiction during extubation at each time point (all P > 0.05).
Conclusion
Compared with local block, DSPB provided a superior analgesic effect with a lower VAS score and shorter length of hospitalization in elderly ptalatients undergoing thoracic surgery. It does not require ultrasound equipment, making it simpler and easier to operate, and is especially suitable for widespread implementation in grassroots hospitals.
Electrocoagulation Process for Nutrient Recovery of Agricultural Wastewater: Effect of Calcium Adding, Voltage, and Time
Authors: Oktiawan Wiharyanto , Sarminingsih Anik , Hadiwidodo Mochtar , Purwono Purwono
Published: March 2024

Recovery of valuable resources, such as nutrient recovery from wastewater, can help close the nutrient cycle and is interesting to investigate. This study aims to evaluate phosphate recovery and set aside TOC, OC, and IC in agricultural wastewater using electrocoagulation with helix electrode configuration. This study used a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) analysis to perform statistical analysis and modeling using a central composite design (CCD). Variation of calcium concentration, electric voltage, and electrocoagulation time is applied in an electrocoagulation reactor with a helix-shaped stainless steel cathode and a solid cylindrical Mg anode. Based on RSM analysis, calcium concentration, electrical voltage, and electrolysis time significantly affect phosphate recovery and TOC, OC, and IC removal when agricultural wastewater is treated using electrocoagulation with a helical electrode configuration. The lowest phosphate concentration achieved was 0.003 mg/L (99.74% reduction) under operating conditions of 15 V voltage, 15 min time, and two mg/L calcium concentration. The highest TOC allowance is >100% of the initial concentration, TC allowance is 55.79%, and IC allowance is 30.91%. The efficiency of TOC removal in the electrocoagulation process is affected by the formation of metal hydroxides, with higher electrolysis times leading to higher TOC removal efficiency. Higher voltages also improve coagulation and flotation processes in the reactor. Calcium concentration plays a role in enhancing the flocculation process and binding phosphonates from wastewater.