bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalized mean p-values for combining dependent tests: comparison of generalized central limit theorem and robust risk analysis
Authors: Wilson Daniel J.
Published: March 2020

The test statistics underpinning several methods for combining p-values are special cases of generalized mean p-value (GMP), including the minimum (Bonferroni procedure), harmonic mean and geometric mean. A key assumption influencing the practical performance of such methods concerns the dependence between p-values. Approaches that do not require specific knowledge of the dependence structure are practically convenient. Vovk and Wang derived significance thresholds for GMPs under the worst-case scenario of arbitrary dependence using results from Robust Risk Analysis (RRA).

Here I calculate significance thresholds and closed testing procedures using Generalized Central Limit Theorem (GCLT). GCLT formally assumes independence, but enjoys a degree of robustness to dependence. The GCLT thresholds are less stringent than RRA thresholds, with the disparity increasing as the exponent of the GMP (r) increases. I motivate a model of p-value dependence based on a Wishart-Multivariate-Gamma distribution for the underlying log-likelihood ratios. In simulations under this model, the RRA thresholds produced tests that were usually less powerful than Bonferroni, while the GCLT thresholds produced tests more powerful than Bonferroni, for all r> − ∞. Above r> − 1, the GCLT thresholds suffered pronounced false positive rates. Above r> − 1/2, standard central limit theorem applied and the GCLT thresholds no longer possessed any useful robustness to dependence.

I consider the implications of these results in the context of various interpretations of GMPs, and conclude that the GCLT-based harmonic mean p-value procedure and Simes' (1986) test represent good compromises in power-robustness trade-off for combining dependent tests.
Sodium channel myotonia may be associated with high-risk brief resolved unexplained events
Authors: Cea Gabriel , Andreu Daniel , Fletcher Elaine , Ramdas Sithara , Sud Richa , Hanna Michael G. , Matthews Emma
Published: March 2020

Brief resolved unexplained events (BRUEs) have numerous and varied causes posing a challenge to investigation and management. A subset of infants with the neuromuscular disorder sodium channel myotonia, due to mutations in the SCN4A gene, experience apnoeic events due to laryngospasm (myotonia) of the upper airway muscles that may present as a BRUE. We sought to ascertain the frequency, severity and outcome of infants carrying the G1306E SCN4A mutation commonly associated with this presentation. We report 12 new cases of individuals with the G1306E mutation from three unrelated families and perform a literature review of all published cases. Infants with the G1306E mutation almost universally experience laryngospasm and apnoeic events. The severity varies significantly, spans both low and high-risk BRUE categories or can be more severe than criteria for a BRUE would allow. At least a third of cases require intensive care unit (ICU) care. Seizure disorder is a common erroneous diagnosis. Apnoeas are effectively reduced or abolished by appropriate treatment with anti-myotonic agents. Probands with the G1306E mutation who are family planning need to be counselled for the likelihood of post-natal complications. There is readily available and extremely effective treatment for the episodic laryngospasm and apnoea caused by this mutation. Proactively seeking clinical evidence of myotonia or muscle hypertrophy with consideration of CK and EMG in high risk BRUEs or more complex apnoeic events may reduce avoidable and prolonged ICU admissions, patient morbidity and potentially mortality.
The Elite and its Political Regime in terms of Network Communications
Authors: Fedorchenko Sergey
Published: March 2020

Currently, the important problems of network communication and the political elite are mainly outside the scope of comparative studies of political regimes. The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of the adaptation of the elite and its political regime to the conditions of modern network communications. Based on the analysis of specialized literature, an intermediate conclusion is made – a functional approach, as a synthesis of structurally oriented and process-oriented aspects of the study of the political regime, becomes the most optimal analytical lens in the study of network communications. Based on the analysis of specialized literature, an intermediate conclusion is made – a functional approach, as a synthesis of structurally-oriented and process-oriented aspects of the study of the political regime, becomes the most optimal analytical lens in the study of network communications. The author's hypothesis is the assumption that the activity of representatives of the political elite in network communications poses serious risks for maintaining the democratic foundation of political regimes. To test the hypothesis, the methodological optics of quantitative content analysis was chosen. The classification of political regimes proposed by the authors of the Swedish scientific project Regimes of the World (RoW) is considered. In a study of the political communities of network communications, it was found that despite the existence of different types of political regimes, there is a general pattern – the predominance of large communities of political leaders. At the same time, communities of parliaments and courts are mostly less popular. This phenomenon is associated by the author with the systemic risks of democracy – the effect of «technological overlap» and the growth of populism. It is emphasized that the legitimization of the political regime in many respects already occurs with the active adaptation of the political elite to the digitalization process. In the framework of the «Network Polis» model, the discussion problems of combining democracy and virtual network communities are considered.
educational deontology in the community of philosophical inquiry
Authors: Demozzi Silvia , Ilardo Marta
Published: March 2020

The paper aims at offering a pedagogical perspective as part of the debate on philosophical practices with children, referring particularly to educational deontology matters emerging when “uncomfortable” questions (but not only) occur. Many of the questions which arise during sessions of philosophical (or sometimes individually, at the end of the session and “out of the community border”) are left unanswered, being perceived as uncomfortable. Our reflection is on what educational deontology requires in order to deal with the challenge that these kinds of questions bring along. Starting from the concept of deontology proposed by the educationalist Mariagrazia Contini and embracing Jana Mohr Lone’s idea of children’s comfort with uncertainty, the paper offers a discussion on what we mean by educational responsibility when undertaking the task of facilitating a community of philosophical inquiry with children. The paper concludes that the facilitator should be present, attentive, capable of good listening. She/he should be a model, a good example for the community: available to listen and answer back, respectful, sensitive, capable of mind shifts and humble. Moreover, a facilitator should be trained to a reflexive thinking: she/he needs to be well aware of her/his cognitive schemes, the premises of her/his knowledge, the social and cultural paradigms she/he refers to. All this “intangible background” needs to be made explicit in order to be aware of the frames that shape each educational action.
Segurança alimentar de famílias com pré-escolares da zona rural de um município do Vale do Paraíba paulista
Authors: Rodrigues Alexandra Magna , Santos Évelin De Carvalho , Faria Talita Pisciotta , Faria Aline Liz , Chamon Edna Maria Querido Oliveira
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar a situação de segurança alimentar de famílias com crianças pré-escolares da zona rural de um município do Vale do Paraíba paulista. Métodos: Estudo transversal e analítico, com questionário socioeconômico, demográfico e sobre o plantio de hortas e pomares nos domicílios, além da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. Os dados foram tratados por meio da estatística descritiva e os testes de hipóteses seguiram nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 98 mães de crianças de quatro meses a seis anos de idade, moradoras da zona rural. Verificou-se que 51% das famílias estavam em situação de insegurança alimentar, prevalecendo a forma leve. Encontrou-se associação entre insegurança alimentar e as variáveis: escolaridade materna, renda familiar e recebimento de benefício social. Conclusão: Número considerável de famílias se encontrava em situação de insegurança alimentar; os fatores associados se relacionam com a vulnerabilidade social das famílias, demonstrando a necessidade de melhoria nas condições de vida e acesso aos alimentos para as famílias.
Unconventional food plants in Brazil: what does Nutrition know about this topic?
Authors: Casemiro Ítalo De Paula , Vendramini Ana Lúcia do Amaral
Published: March 2020

As plantas alimentícias não convencionais, conhecidas pela sigla PANC, são hortaliças, frutas, ﬂores ou ervas que crescem espontaneamente na natureza, mas que por serem desconhecidas para a maioria das pessoas, acabam sendo confundidas com plantas daninhas. Este estudo objetivou realizar um levantamento das pesquisas sobre PANC nos anais das últimas seis edições do Congresso Brasileiro de Nutrição (CONBRAN) e nos anais das últimas sete edições do Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de Nutrição (SBAN), indicando o perfil dessas pesquisas no Brasil no campo da Nutrição. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória. Foram identificadas 25 trabalhos sobre o tema no CONBRAN e dez no Congresso SBAN, indicando que as PANC são tema ainda pouco explorado e abordado com pouca frequência nas pesquisas em Nutrição no Brasil. Destaca-se o potencial emergente de pesquisa que as PANC podem representar no campo da Alimentação em suas mais diversas vertentes: culinária, gastronomia, segurança alimentar, ciência de alimentos, entre outras. Esta pesquisa contribui para a ampliação do conhecimento e direcionamento dos estudos nesta área e, assim, poderá sinalizar uma agenda para estudos futuros.
Editorial Teias
Authors: Paiva Jane , Leonardi Paula
Published: March 2020

Editorial Teias
DESENVOLVIMENTO PROFISSIONAL DO PEDAGOGO ESCOLAR E AS TECNOLOGIAS: perspectivas a partir da especificidade funcional e formação docente na escola
Authors: Brito Glaucia Da Silva , Dÿck Michele Simonian
Published: March 2020

Este artigo apresenta duas categorias de Desenvolvimento Profissional do(a) Pedagogo(a) Escolar em relação às tecnologias. O referencial teórico centrou em discutir o papel e a atuação do (a) Pedagogo(a) Escolar e sua relação com a cibercultura na cultura escolar. Por fim, o desenvolvimento profissional a partir dos saberes docente, pedagógico e tecnológico. As categorias Especificidade Funcional e Formação Docente na Escola resultam da segunda fase de uma tese que oriunda de um projeto de pesquisa com metodologia centrada no paradigma qualitativo. Sua abordagem estudo de caso, sendo realizada em duas fases e com instrumentos de produção de dados variados. A questão apresentada neste artigo se refere à subquestão de pesquisa: o que afirmam necessitar os(as) pedagogos(as) escolares como processo formativo em relação às tecnologias? O objetivo consistiu em identificar as necessidades formativas dos(as) pedagogos(as) escolares em relação às tecnologias. Os resultados evidenciam o vislumbre de uma proposta de Desenvolvimento Profissional a partir das reais necessidades dos (as) pedagogos (as) escolares. Por fim, a proposição de um processo coletivo que considera a complexidade do saber que tem sido exigido desse profissional: o saber formativo organizador pedagógico de conteúdo tecnológico.
Varus-valgus constraint in 416 revision total knee arthroplasties with cemented stems provides a reliable reconstruction with a low subsequent revision rate at early to mid-term review
Authors: Limberg Afton K , Tibbo Meagan E , Pagnano Mark W , Perry Kevin I , Hanssen Arlen D , Abdel Matthew P
Published: March 2020

Aims

Varus-valgus constrained (VVC) implants are often used during revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to gain coronal plane stability. However, the increased mechanical torque applied to the bone-cement interface theoretically increases the risk of aseptic loosening. We assessed mid-term survivorship, complications, and clinical outcomes of a fixed-bearing VVC device in revision TKAs.

Methods

A total of 416 consecutive revision TKAs (398 patients) were performed at our institution using a single fixed-bearing VVC TKA from 2007 to 2015. Mean age was 64 years (33 to 88) with 50% male (199). Index revision TKA diagnoses were: instability (n = 122, 29%), aseptic loosening (n = 105, 25%), and prosthetic joint infection (PJI) (n = 97, 23%). All devices were cemented on the epiphyseal surfaces. Femoral stems were used in 97% (n = 402) of cases, tibial stems in 95% (n = 394) of cases; all were cemented. In total, 93% (n = 389) of cases required a stemmed femoral and tibial component. Femoral cones were used in 29%, and tibial cones in 40%. Survivorship was assessed via competing risk analysis; clinical outcomes were determined using Knee Society Scores (KSSs) and range of movement (ROM). Mean follow-up was four years (2 to 10).

Results

The five-year cumulative incidence of subsequent revision for aseptic loosening and instability were 2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2 to 3, number at risk = 154) and 4% (95% CI 2 to 6, number at risk = 153), respectively. The five-year cumulative incidence of any subsequent revision was 14% (95% CI 10 to 18, number at risk = 150). Reasons for subsequent revision included PJI (n = 23, of whom 12 had previous PJI), instability (n = 13), and aseptic loosening (n = 11). The use of this implant without stems was found to be a significant risk factor for subsequent revision (hazard ratio (HR) 7.58 (95% CI 3.98 to 16.03); p = 0.007). KSS improved from 46 preoperatively to 81 at latest follow-up (p < 0.001). ROM improved from 96° prerevision to 108° at latest follow-up (p = 0.016).

Conclusion

The cumulative incidence of subsequent revision for aseptic loosening and instability was very low at five years with this fixed-bearing VVC implant in revision TKAs. Routine use of cemented and stemmed components with targeted use of metaphyseal cones likely contributed to this low rate of aseptic loosening. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(4):458–462.
How should we evaluate robotics in the operating theatre?
Authors: Vermue Hannes , Lambrechts Jasper , Tampere Thomas , Arnout Nele , Auvinet Edouard , Victor Jan
Published: March 2020

The application of robotics in the operating theatre for knee arthroplasty remains controversial. As with all new technology, the introduction of new systems might be associated with a learning curve. However, guidelines on how to assess the introduction of robotics in the operating theatre are lacking. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current evidence on the learning curve of robot-assisted knee arthroplasty. An extensive literature search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was conducted. Randomized controlled trials, comparative studies, and cohort studies were included. Outcomes assessed included: time required for surgery, stress levels of the surgical team, complications in regard to surgical experience level or time needed for surgery, size prediction of preoperative templating, and alignment according to the number of knee arthroplasties performed. A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most were of medium to low quality. The operating time of robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is associated with a learning curve of between six to 20 cases and six to 36 cases respectively. Surgical team stress levels show a learning curve of seven cases in TKA and six cases for UKA. Experience with the robotic systems did not influence implant positioning, preoperative planning, and postoperative complications. Robot-assisted TKA and UKA is associated with a learning curve regarding operating time and surgical team stress levels. Future evaluation of robotics in the operating theatre should include detailed measurement of the various aspects of the total operating time, including total robotic time and time needed for preoperative planning. The prior experience of the surgical team should also be evaluated and reported.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(4):407–413.
Evaluation of synovial fluid neutrophil CD64 index as a screening biomarker of prosthetic joint infection
Authors: Qin Leilei , Hu Ning , Li Xinyu , Chen Yuelong , Wang Jiawei , Huang Wei
Published: March 2020

Aims

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a major clinical challenge. Neutrophil CD64 index, Fc-gamma receptor 1 (FcγR1), plays an important role in mediating inflammation of bacterial infections and therefore could be a valuable biomarker for PJI. The aim of this study is to compare the neutrophil CD64 index in synovial and blood diagnostic ability with the standard clinical tests for discrimination PJI and aseptic implant failure.

Methods

A total of 50 patients undergoing revision hip and knee arthroplasty were enrolled into a prospective study. According to Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria, 25 patients were classified as infected and 25 as not infected. In all patients, neutrophil CD64 index and percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN%) in synovial fluid, serum CRP, ESR, and serum CD64 index levels were measured preoperatively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were analyzed for each biomarker.

Results

Serum CD64 index showed no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.091). Synovial fluid CD64 index and PMN% discriminated good differentiation between groups of PJI and aseptic failure with AUC of 0.946 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.842 to 0.990) and 0.938 (95% CI 0.832 to 0.987) separately. The optimal threshold value of synovial CD64 index for the diagnosis of PJI was 0.85, with a sensitivity of 92.00%, a specificity of 96.00%, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 227.11.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrates that CD64 index in synovial fluid could be a promising laboratory marker for screening PJI. The cut-off values of 0.85 for synovial CD64 index has the potential to distinguish aseptic failure from PJI. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(4):463–469.
Biodiversity of Enterobacteriaceae on masin (fermented sauce) from Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Manguntungi Baso , Saputri Dinar , Afgani Chairul , Mustopa Apon , Fatimah  , Kusmiran Amirin
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Manguntungi B, Saputri DS, Afgani CA, Mustopa AZ, Fatimah, Kusmiran A. 2020. Biodiversity of Enterobacteriaceae on masin (fermented sauce) from Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1001-1006. Masin is fermented sauce originating from Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara which is made from raw shrimp with the addition of tamarind, salt, and fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata) flower. The study aimed to determine the biodiversity of pathogenic bacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae family in Masin. The methods used in this study were isolation of bacteria using MRS media with modified NaCl concentration (1-12%) and molecular identification by using PCR-RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) analysis and 16S ribosomal RNA-based sequencing analysis. The characteristics of bacteria that were successfully isolated on media with various concentrations of salt were round, milky white, and formed a flat edge with convex elevation in each colony. The highest bacterial population was 29.65 x 106 CFU/g in MRS + NaCl 7% treatment. From 48 selected isolates that morphologically close to Enterobacteriaceae family, 5 isolates were chosen for sequencing analysis. Based on the phylogenetic analyses, isolate 01 had a close kinship with Leclercia adecarboxylata, isolate 11 had a close kinship with Citrobacter freundii, isolate 33 had a close kinship with Enterobacter cloacae, isolate 40 had a close kinship with Pantoea agglomerans and isolate 46 had a close kinship with Enterobacter ludwigii.
Morpho-molecular identification and pathogenicity test on fungal parasites of guava root-knot nematode eggs in Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: I Gede I Gede Swibawa , YUYUN FITRIANA  , SOLIKHIN  , RADIX SUHARJO  , F.X. SUSILO  , EKA RANI  , MEI SRI HARYANI  , RACHMANSYAH A. WARDANA
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Swibawa IG, Fitriana Y, Solikhin, Suharjo R, Susilo FX, Rani E, Haryani MS, Wardana RA. 2020. Morpho-molecular identification and pathogenicity test on fungal parasites of guava root-knot nematode eggs in Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1108-1115. This study aimed to obtain and discover the identity of the species of fungal egg parasites of root-knot nematodes (RKN), which have a high pathogenic ability causing major losses in vegetable crops. The exploration of the fungi was carried out in 2016 and 2018 from Crystal guava plantations in East Lampung, Central Lampung, Tanggamus, and NirAma, a commercial product that has been used for controlling Meloidogyne sp. in Indonesia. Identification was carried out based on morphological characteristics and molecular-based gene sequential analysis of Intergenic Transcribed Spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS 4. A pathogenicity test was carried out in vitro and in a greenhouse using tomato plants as indicator plants. In the in vitro test, observations were made on the percentage of infected RKN eggs. The observations in the greenhouse test were carried out on RKN populations in the soil and roots of tomato plants, root damage (root knots), and damage intensity due to RKN infection. The exploration resulted in five isolates of fungal egg parasites of RKN from the guava plantations in East Lampung (2), Central Lampung (1), Tanggamus (1), and from the isolation results of commercial products (1). The isolates were given codes as B4120X (PT GGP PG1), B3010 (PT GGP PG4), B412G (PT GGP PG 4), B01TG (Tanggamus), and BioP (Commercial products). Based on their morphological characteristics, the isolates were classified into the genus of Paecilomyces. The results of molecular identification showed that the discovered fungi were Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom.) Luangsa Ard. (Syn. Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom.) Samson.). Based on the in vitro tests, the five fungal isolates were able to parasitize RKN eggs at 86.4-100%. In the greenhouse test, all isolates significantly suppressed nematode populations in the soil and tomato roots, inhibited the formation of root knots, and produced lower damage intensity compared to controls. Among all the isolates tested, B01TG had the best ability to infect nematode eggs (99.5%), suppressing the formation of root knots, nematode population in the soil and the roots of tomato plants, and the damage intensity compared to other isolates.
Comparative and competitive advantages of nutmeg farming in two regions in Maluku Province, Indonesia
Authors: Simanjorang Tienni , Irham  , Waluyati Lestari Rahayu , Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Simanjorang TM, Irham, Waluyati LR, Mulyo JH. 2020. Comparative and competitive advantages of nutmeg farming in two regions in Maluku Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21:  1165-1173. Comparative and competitive advantage is one of the main keys to the development of nutmeg farming in Maluku Province to deal with globalization and market liberalization. Consequently, assessments are needed in developing efforts to improve the comparative and competitive advantage of nutmeg farming. The purposes of this study are to find out the private and social benefits of nutmeg farming, to find out the comparative and competitive advantages of nutmeg farming, and to compare the level of competitiveness of small-scale nutmeg farming in two regions in Maluku Province, Indonesia, namely the Ambon Island region and the Banda Islands region. Data were collected using direct interview techniques to smallholder nutmeg farmers selected purposively. The data was then analyzed using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) and the t-independent test of difference. The results show that nutmeg farming in the Banda Islands region has higher private and social benefits than in the Ambon Island region, because the nutmeg farming system in Banda Islands region is carried out intensively and the price of nutmeg farms received by farmers is higher, The competitive and comparative advantage of nutmeg farming in the Banda Islands region is higher than in the Ambon Island region. All these results suggest that in general nutmeg farming in the Banda Islands region is more competitive than in the Ambon Island region.
Responses to vulnerability: care ethics and the technologisation of eldercare
Authors: Hämäläinen Antti
Published: March 2020

This article argues for a re-conceptualisation of care relations and uses the re-conceptualisation to scrutinise the way in which technology is adopted in eldercare practices. First, it draws on the definition of care as attentiveness to vulnerability, as used in the tradition of care ethics. Second, it specifies four essential aspects of care relations: relationality, dyadic mutuality, corporeality and devotion. Third, using socio-technical and phenomenological perspectives, care relations are contrasted with the idea of intertwining technological and human actors in care practices. Finally, using two adaptations of telecare as examples, the essential aspects of care relations are shown to be crucial for a thorough socio-technical understanding of eldercare and technology.
Simultaneous detection of the Ca and Ca+ layers by a dual-wavelength tunable lidar system
Authors: Wu Fuju , Zheng Haoran , Cheng Xuewu , Yang Yong , Li Faquan , Gong Shunsheng , Du Lifang , Wang Jihong , Yang Guotao
Published: March 2020

A dual-wavelength tunable lidar system that simultaneously detects the Ca and

C
a

+

layers has been established in Yanqing Station (40.41°N, 116.01°E). The lidar system implements a pulsed Nd:YAG laser that simultaneously pumps two dye lasers, which reduces the hardware configuration of the lidar system. The two dye lasers use infrared laser dyes with high conversion efficiency suitable for long-term observation. The resonance wavelengths of Ca and

C
a

+

are generated by frequency doubling of the two infrared laser beams. We compared the dual-wavelength tunable lidar system to previous dye-based systems and performed experiments to determine resonance frequencies to within 0.4 pm and to test the dual optical fiber receiving system and found it does not cause cross talk. Three nights of preliminary simultaneous observations of Ca and

C
a

+

layers are reported; the diversity of these observations begs for more systematic observations and challenging interpretations in terms of Ca processes in the ionosphere and illustrates the effectiveness of this system for aeronomy and space physics studies.
Hybrid thermal Yagi-Uda nanoantennas for directional and narrow band long-wavelength IR radiation sources
Authors: Centini Marco , Larciprete Maria Cristina , Voti Roberto Li , Bertolotti Mario , Sibilia Concita , Antezza Mauro
Published: March 2020

We investigate the possibility of spatially and spectrally controlling the thermal infrared emission by exploitation of the Yagi–Uda antenna design. Hybrid antennas composed of both SiC and Au rods are considered and the contributions of emission from all the elements, at a given equilibrium temperature, are taken into account. We show that the detrimental effect due to thermal emission from the not ideal parasitic elements drastically affect the performances of conventional thermal Au antennas in the 12 µm wavelength range. Nevertheless, our results show that the hybrid approach allows the development of efficient narrow-band and high directivity sources. The possibility of exploiting the Yagi-Uda design both in transmission and in reception modes, may open the way to the realization of miniaturized, efficient, robust and cheap sensor devices for mass-market applications.
Ultrafast quantum photonics enabled by coupling plasmonic nanocavities to strongly radiative antennas
Authors: Bogdanov Simeon I. , Makarova Oksana A. , Xu Xiaohui , Martin Zachariah O. , Lagutchev Alexei S. , Olinde Matthew , Shah Deesha , Chowdhury Sarah N. , Gabidullin Aidar R. , Ryzhikov Ilya A. , Rodionov Ilya A. , Kildishev Alexander V. , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I. , Boltasseva Alexandra , Shalaev Vladimir M. , Khurgin Jacob B.
Published: March 2020

Quantum emitters coupled to plasmonic nanostructures can act as
exceptionally bright sources of single photons, operating at room
temperature. Plasmonic mode volumes supported by these nanostructures
can be several orders of magnitude smaller than the cubic wavelength,
which leads to dramatically enhanced light–matter interactions and
drastically increased photon production rates. However, when
increasing the light localization further, these deeply subwavelength
modes may in turn hinder the fast outcoupling of photons into free
space. Plasmonic hybrid nanostructures combining a highly confined
cavity mode and a larger antenna mode circumvent this issue. We
establish the fundamental limits for quantum emission enhancement in
such systems and find that the best performance is achieved when the
cavity and antenna modes differ significantly in size. We
experimentally support this idea by photomodifying a nanopatch antenna
deterministically assembled around a nanodiamond known to contain a
single nitrogen–vacancy (NV) center. As a result, the cavity mode
shrinks, further shortening the NV fluorescence lifetime and
increasing the single-photon brightness. Our analytical and numerical
simulation results provide intuitive insight into the operation of
these emitter–cavity–antenna systems and show that this approach could
lead to single-photon sources with emission rates up to hundreds of
THz and efficiencies close to unity.
Research on laser range profiles based on spatial domain
Authors: Li Yanhui , Gao Di , Liao Hong
Published: March 2020

Information about geometric features and surface material can be obtained by the analysis of the laser range profile (LRP) acquired from the target. Some apparent transforms of the laser range profile that may father obstacle to the target recognition occur when the laser intensity has different spatial distribution. In this paper, a LRP equation is proposed to describe the situation when a single-site radar at an arbitrary location detects the target, and thus simulations of an inclined plate and cone LRP outcome based on the plane wave. As for LRPs based on Gaussian beams, the beam factor is raised. By analysis of the cone LRPs at different intensity distributions, several abnormal intensity-range profiles are found, which may lead to misjudgment for the target. For preparation of the study about LRPs under different weather conditions, a cone LRP at atmosphere turbulence is also simulated.
A case of double standards? Audience attitudes to professional norms on local and English language radio news programmes in Ghana
Authors: Gadzekpo Audrey , Yeboah-Banin Abena Animwaa , Akrofi-Quarcoo Sarah
Published: March 2020

The proliferation of radio stations across Africa has engendered an increase in local language radio stations and fuelled culturally-rooted practices of news delivery considered by many media professionals as sub-standard. This article explores the reception practices of multi-lingual audiences in Ghana, focusing on their views on the different norms and approaches of local language and English language radio newscasts. Using data from a convenience sample of 1000 radio listeners in five Ghanaian cosmopolitan cities the study finds that audiences prefer more performative modes of news delivery on their local language stations. It was also evident that radio audiences are discerning and make distinctions between what is acceptable on local language versus English language radio. These results call for a reconsideration of western-influenced standards of news delivery and the development of professional standards more accommodating of the inflections of culture.
China colonizing Africa narrative on social media: An issue activation and response perspective
Authors: Matingwina Simon
Published: March 2020

The issue of ‘China colonizing Africa’ received significant attention in both traditional and social media in the periods before, during and after the Forum on China Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) 2018 meeting. This study traces these discourses on YouTube, which is one of the social media platforms widely used to raise awareness and also influence public opinion on various issues. Thematic and content analysis are used to identify the dominant themes discussed in the selected videos and also to identify the sentiments expressed by viewers in the comments posted. The issue activation and response model is used to create meaning from the data. The study finds that the themes and the sentiments reflect the dominance of pessimistic and optimistic perspectives on the Africa–China relationship. Furthermore, the study shows that the themes discussed have not offered new perspectives but instead the discussions have repackaged old narratives as part of agenda building efforts by the protagonists. The study, therefore argues that social media have become important platforms for activation of issues on the Africa–China relationship, hence the persistence of these old narratives is attributed to lack of effective responses to issues on social media by both African countries and Chinese officials.
Photodynamic inactivation of planktonic cultures of Streptococcus mutans using erythrosine irradiated by LED
Authors: Esper Maria Ângela Lacerda Rangel , Barbosa Junia Oliveira , Alvarenga Janaína de Araújo , Junqueira Juliana Campos , Rastelli Alessandra nara de Souza , Gonçalves Sérgio Eduardo de Paiva
Published: March 2020

Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) with erythrosine (E), using a light-emitting diode (LED) on planktonic cultures of Streptococcus mutans. Material and Methods: A Streptococcus mutans strain (UA 159) was used to prepare the suspensions containing 107 cells/mL, which was tested under different experimental conditions: a) LED irradiation in the presence of erythrosine as a photosensitizer (E+L+); b) LED irradiation only (P-L+); c) treatment with erythrosine only (E+L-); and d) no LED irradiation or photosensitizer (P) treatment, which served as a control group (P-L-). After treatment, strains were seeded onto MSBS agar for determination of the number of colony-forming units (CFU/mL). Results: The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the Tukey test (p < 0.05). No reduction in the number of CFU/mL was observed in the treatment group with erythrosine (E+L+) when compared to the control (P-L-). Conclusion: PDI using erythrosine did not reduce the number of CFUs per millimeter within the parameters in this study.KEYWORDSErythrosine; Decay; Photodynamic inactivation; Light-emitting diode.
Apical periodontitis in relation to radiographic quality of endodontic treatment in a selected adult Turkish population: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sezgin Güzide Pelin , Sönmez Kaplan Sema , Kaplan Tuna
Published: March 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the quality of root canal fillings and their relationship with apical periodontitis (AP) in a selected Turkish population. Material and Methods: The cases in this study was formed of patients attending routine dental treatment at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Birun. 1024 patients were examined with panoramic radiographs and 1780 endodontically treated teeth with present periapical radiographs. Endodontic treatment quality was evaluated by obturation length, density, taper quality and iatrogenic errors. Presence of AP was analysed according to Ørstavik’s periapical index (PAI). The chi-square test was used for statistical analyses. Results: Statistically significant relationship was found between both the tooth type and location with obturation quality (p: 0.000; p < 0.05). Obturation quality of maxillary and mandibular molars are significantly less than the other tooth types in the same location. Apical periodontitis were noticed in 740 teeth (41.6%). Inadequate obturation quality was found to be significantly effective on the periapical status of tooth types both in maxilla and mandible (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of inadequate root canal obturations of endodontically treated teeth of the selected Turkish population was high, especially in molar teeth and women. Even though radiographic obturation quality is not the only success criteria in endodontic treatment, it is still one of the most important criteria regarding the positive correlation of “inadequate” obturations with AP.KEYWORDSPeriapical periodontitis; Radiography; Root canal obturation; Root canal theraphy.
Initial and pulp chamber concentration of hydrogen peroxide using different bleaching products
Authors: Parreiras Sibelli Olivieri , Favoreto Michael Willian , Cruz Gustavo Pereira , Gomes Anderson , Borges Christiane Philippini Ferreira , Loguercio Alessandro D , Reis Alessandra
Published: March 2020

Objective: This study’s aim was to quantify the hydrogen peroxide (HP) penetration into the pulp chamber of teeth submitted to different protocols of bleaching. Material and Methods: Ninety premolars were randomly divided into nine groups according to the bleaching agent protocol (n = 10): control (no bleaching), carbamide peroxide 10% [10% CP], carbamide peroxide 16% [16% CP], carbamide peroxide 22% [22% CP], hydrogen peroxide 4% [4% HP], hydrogen peroxide 6% [6% HP], hydrogen peroxide 7.5% [7.5% HP], hydrogen peroxide 10% [10% HP] and hydrogen peroxide 35% [35% HP]. The penetration of HP was measured via spectrophotometric analysis of the acetate buffer solution from the pulp chamber. The absorbance of the resulting solution was determined in a spectrophotometer and converted into equivalent concentration of HP (?g/ mL). To analyze the concentration of HP, the titration of bleaching agents with potassium permanganate was used. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey’s test for pairwise comparison (? = 0.05). Results: Higher concentration of HP in the pulp chamber was found in the HP 35% group (p < 0.0001). No significant difference between at-home protocols were observed (p = 0.64). Titration values showed that the concentration of the products was similar to that claimed by the manufacturer. Conclusion: It follows that the amount of HP that reaches the pulp chamber is not proportional to the concentration of whitening gels, but depends on the application time recommended by the manufacturers.KEYWORDSAt-home bleaching; Dental enamel permeability; Inoffice bleaching; Tooth bleaching.
Pandemia and Science
Authors: Pontes Nadia
Published: March 2020

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HOMOGENIZATION OF UNREINFORCED OLD MASONRY WALL COMPARISON OF SCALAR ISOTROPIC AND ORTHOTROPIC DAMAGE MODELS
Authors: Bernardo Vasco , Krejčí Tomáš , Koudelka Tomáš , Šejnoha Michal
Published: March 2020

Masonry is a heterogeneous composite material made of bricks bonded by a mortar matrix. Modeling such a material on macroscale typically calls for homogenization adopting a suitable constitutive model capable of capturing its quasi-brittle behavior. The present contribution concentrates on comparison and potential application of classical isotropic and orthotropic damage models in the framework of strain based first order numerical homogenization. As an illustrative example, a representative volume element in terms of a periodic unit cell is constructed to address the response of an unreinforced masonry (URM) structure typical of “Placa” buildings (mixed masonry-reinforced concrete buildings) built in Portugal. The performance of the two models is examined on the basis of macroscopic stress-strain curves constructed for both tensile and compressive loading. The selected geometrical constraints clearly identify the differences in the predictive capabilities of the two models.
MECHANICAL TESTING AND NUMERICAL MODELLING OF POROUS STRUCTURES IMPROVING OSEINTEGRATION OF IMPLANTS
Authors: Vakrčka Petr , Jíra Aleš , Hájková Petra
Published: March 2020

Implants, such as dental, are ordinary devices in medical care nowadays, even though they are quite expensive. In the present study, the use of trabecular and gyroid structures as external layer of implants is examined. The advantage of porous structures compared to surface modification of compact implants is the possibility to be fabricated by additive manufacturing together with the whole implant. The additive manufacturing also allows us to produce various shapes with controlled porosity for bone ingrowth. The design of 6 types of trabecular and 4 types of gyroid structures is part of the study. The trabecular structures are strut-based, whereas the gyroid structures are based on a wall system. The study is focused on mechanical testing of samples which were 3D printed from the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. The gyroid structures, which we evaluated as more reliable, were chosen for numerical modelling. Other observed advantages and disadvantages of the structures are also discussed.
INTELLIGENT RELAY PROTECTION
Authors: Shilin A. N. , Shilin A. A. , Dikarev P. V. , Ahmedova O. O.
Published: March 2020

Currently, with the introduction of electrical smart grids, one of the main problems is increasing the authenticity of turning on the relay protection devices during emergency modes. This is due to the fact that the short circuit current, and therefore setpoint, is affected by large number of external factors, such as the humidity of the earth and the atmosphere, external environment temperature, soil state, terrain, etc. Therefore, the relay protection devices must to take account of the influence of these factors and to introduce automatic correction for the setpoint current, i.e. the device must be intelligent. For solution this problem, the intelligent device was developed, containing a microprocessor and a set of sensors of physical quantities of external factors. A more accurate calculation of the relay protection parameters will allow to increase a sensitivity and to avoid the failures of turning on or false turning on of protection. The results of the research can be applied to create a multidimensional mathematical model allowing automatic to select the relay protection settings based of the initial data on weather conditions, time of year, resistance of the soil, current, voltage, etc.
RESULTS OF STUDIES OF OPERATION OF SPECIAL IMPEDANCE TRANSDUCERS ON THE RIGID METAL STRUCTURES OF REAL PRODUCED OBJECTS
Authors: Arcentiev A. A. , Konovalov A. M. , Kugushev V. I. , Khudyakov S. S.
Published: March 2020

The paper presents the studies of capabilities of special impedance transducers with mechanical filter of oscillation frequencies at the input (output) as a tool of non-destructive testing of real produced objects. Objects under test were elements of a power reactor, which are exposed to high temperature aggressive medium and which are inaccessible for direct contact because of the cooling system. The use of special transducers allowed the development of a new method, which used natural oscillations of the object under test and, thus, provided a mean for monitoring of inaccessible elements of the structure. The method is based on fixation of energy redistribution by the modes of natural oscillations of the object under test, when exposed to damping factors caused by cracks, erosion and other defects. It is shown, how this method operates, when using an artificial damper and in presence of real defects. The use of the artificial damper made it possible to determine that this method allowed the non-destructive testing over the entire surface of the monitored element of the structure.
The European Challenges: Security, Solidarity, Efficiency
Authors: Bogdanowicz Marc , Weber Arnd
Published: March 2020

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Siedlungswasserwirtschaft im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung
Authors: Zimmermann Martin , Schramm Engelbert , Ebert Björn
Published: March 2020

Die Digitalisierung in der Siedlungswasserwirtschaft kann dazu beitragen, die Aufgaben, die sich für Wasserversorgung und Abwasserbeseitigung aufgrund des demografischen und klimatischen Wandels ergeben, besser anzugehen. Gleichzeitig können sich durch Cyberangriffe die Risiken für einen Ausfall dieser Kritischen Infrastrukturen vergrößern. Aspekte der Cybersicherheit werden im Wassersektor jedoch noch nicht hinreichend berücksichtigt. Entsprechende Regularien und Maßnahmen zielen alleine auf die Ausfallsicherheit der Infrastrukturen ab und vernachlässigen dabei die Versorgungssicherheit der Bevölkerung. Die Aufmerksamkeit der Politik auf große Wasserunternehmen und Versorgungsgebiete ignoriert Sicherheitslücken bei kleinen und mittleren Betrieben. Kooperationen zwischen mehreren Wasserunternehmen könnten ein geeignetes Mittel sein, diesbezüglich Synergieeffekte zu erzeugen.
Analisis Model Struktural Hubungan Pelatihan, Pemberdayaan, Kepuasan Kerja dan Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Sugiarto Meilan , Ningsih Marni , Hadi Lukmono
Published: March 2020

Employee performance has a crucial and decisive role in achieving an organization's success. This research conducted at PT. Madubaru Yogyakarta to investigate the impact of training that employees have participated in and empowerment on performance mediated by job satisfaction. Fifty employees of PT. Madubaru Yogyakarta used as a sample during this study. Data analysis and hypothesis testing using SEM-PLS 3.2.8. This study found that training that had been attended by employees and empowerment had a significant positive effect on performance, yet as on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction alone features a significant positive impact on performance. Indirectly, job satisfaction is in a position to mediate the effect of training and individual empowerment on indirect performance, and the indirect effect is essential and decisive. PT. Madubaru Yogyakarta is suggested within the use of coaching methods to be more accurate in order to achieve the training objectives and therefore the direction of employee empowerment is more emphasized on improving performance instead of merely increasing employee satisfaction at work. Realize the targets set by the corporate within the future, the amount of employee satisfaction at work and current performance still has to be improved in order that employee contributions recover.Kinerja karyawan memiliki peran penting dan menjadi penentu untuk mencapai kesuksesan suatu organisasi, Penelitian ini dilakukan di PT. Madubaru Yogyakarta untuk menganalisis dampak pelatihan yang pernah diikuti karyawan dan pemberdayaan terhadap kinerja yang dimediasi oleh kepuasan kerja. Limapuluh karyawan PT. Madubaru Yogyakarta dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini. Analisis data dan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan SEM-PLS 3.2.8. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pelatihan yang pernah diikuti karyawan maupun pemberdayaan berdampak signifikan yang positif terhadap kinerja, demikian pula terhadap kepuasan kerja. Kepuasan kerja sendiri, memiliki dampak signifikan yang positif terhadap kinerja. Secaara tidak langsung, kepuasan kerja mampu menjembatani pengaruh pelatihan maupun pemberdayaan secara individual terhadap kinerja secara tidak langsung, pengaruh tidak langsung tersebut bersifat signifikan dan positif. PT. Madubaru Yogyakarta disarankan dalam penggunaan metode pelatihan untuk lebih akurat agar tujuan pelatihan dapat tercapai serta arah pemberdayaan karyawan lebih ditekankan pada peningkatan kinerja bukan sekedar meningkatkan rasa puas karyawan dalam bekerja. Untuk mencapai target yang ditetapkan perusahaan di masa depan, maka tingkat kepuasan karyawan dalam bekerja maupun kinerja yang ada saat ini masih perlu ditingkatkan agar kontribusi karyawan semakin baik.