bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Опосредствование продуктивной деятельности как условие преодоления компьютерной зависимости в младшем школьном возрасте
Authors: Хохлова Наталия И. , Муллер Ольга Ю. , Савостина Любовь В.
Published: December 2022

Введение. Актуальность исследуемой проблемы связана со спецификой социальной ситуации развития, особенно в младшем возрасте, как обуславливающем факторе формирования зависимости. Цель исследования – изучение представления родителей об особенностях использования Интернета младшими школьниками и разработка проекта, направленного на снижение компьютерной зависимости у таких детей. Принципиально новым в поиске способов снижения компьютерной зависимости стало обоснование системы средств совместной деятельности детей и родителей в рамках проекта, продуктом которого стало создание мультипликационного фильма. Методы. Теоретическое обоснование исследования заключается в том, что современные цифровые возможности в создании мультипликационных фильмов становятся условием опосредствования и координации продуктивных форм деятельности для младших школьников. Система продуктивных видов деятельности в рамках проекта «Пластилиновые мультики» посредством планомерной организации  компьютерную зависимость у младших школьников. Результаты. Практическая значимость работы определяется обозначением проблемы и рассмотрением одного из вариантов эффективной формы организации деятельности детей и взрослых, опосредованных использованием цифровых технологий. В результате реализации проекта у детей отмечены изменения по следующим сферам: когнитивная, эмоциональная и поведенческая. Обсуждение результатов. При реализации проекта за счет разнообразия средств взаимодействия ребенка со сверстниками и родителями снизилась компьютерная зависимость у детей по следующим параметрам: снижение времяпрепровождения за компьютером, гаджетами; увеличение случаев использование детьми гаджетов в качестве средства реализации какой-либо деятельности; повышение уровня коммуникации со сверстниками; увеличение вариантов совместной деятельности детей и родителей; снижение количества  негатививных проявлений при просьбы выключить компьютер (телефон). Заключение. Результаты, полученные в ходе исследования, могут быть использованы в работе с детьми дошкольного и младшего школьного возраста. Материалы проведенного исследования актуальны для подготовки психологов, педагогов и воспитателей.
Исследование взаимосвязи повседневного творчества и субъективного благополучия в пожилом возрасте
Authors: Булкина Наталья А. , Васильева Ольга С.
Published: December 2022

Введение. Проблема субъективного благополучия пожилых людей становится особенно актуальной в условиях демографического старения современного общества. Новизна исследования заключается в углублении представлений о взаимосвязи субъективного благополучия и повседневного творчества в пожилом возрасте. Цель данного исследования – изучение субъективного, когнитивного и гедонистического благополучия в пожилом возрасте во взаимосвязи с самооценками творческого уровня и каждодневной творческой активности. Методы. В добровольном исследовании приняли участие пожилые люди в возрасте от 60 до 90 лет, из них 78 мужчин (N = 202; М = 68,62; SD = 7,46). Для определения самооценок творческой активности и субъективного уровня творчества применяли шкалы самоотчета. Уровень субъективного благополучия измеряли геронтологической шкалой Индекс удовлетворенности жизнью (авторы Neugarten, Havighurst, Tobin, в адаптации Н. Паниной) и Шкалой субъективного счастья (авторы Lyubomirsky, Lepper, адаптация Д. Леонтьева). Для статистического анализа применяли критерии Уилкоксона, Краскела-Уоллиса, t-критерий Уэлча, критерий согласия Пирсона, коэффициент ранговой корреляции Спирмена. Результаты. Выявлены заметные положительные корреляционные связи между уровнем субъективного благополучия, творческой активностью и субъективным уровнем творчества: r от 0,594 до 0,610; p < 0,001. Обнаружены значительные различия в уровне субъективного благополучия между творчески активными и творчески не активными испытуемыми (p < 0,001), а также между испытуемыми, оценившими себя как «не творческих» и как «творческих»: W = 1729; величина эффекта r = 0,654; p < 0,001; 95% ДИ. Обсуждение. Полученные результаты расширяют представления о повседневном творчестве в пожилом возрасте, его взаимосвязи с субъективным, когнитивным и гедонистическим благополучием и могут быть использованы социально-психологическими службами в работе с пожилыми людьми для улучшения их психоэмоционального состояния и коррекции уровня субъективного благополучия.
Альфа- и тета- ритмы как маркеры когнитивного усилия
Authors: Жожикашвили Наталия А. , Бакумова Анна Д.
Published: December 2022

Введение. Данная обзорная статья объединяет теорию мотивационной интенсивности и теории ментального усилия с исследованиями осцилляторных коррелятов выполнения сложных когнитивных задач. Феномен усилия является давним предметом исследований в области фундаментальной психологии. Теории, описывающие когнитивные механизмы ментального усилия, получили развитие в последние годы. Однако дальнейшие исследования необходимы для объяснения механизма модуляции усилия при выполнении задач. Теоретическое обоснование. Ментальное усилие можно определить как активный волевой процесс мобилизации ресурсов для поддержания определенного поведения. Теория мотивационной интенсивности в совокупности с теориями ментального усилия описывают когнитивные и мотивационные факторы модуляции усилия, вкладываемого в выполнение задачи. Интерпретация осцилляторных коррелятов отдельных когнитивных процессов в контексте теорий усилия может позволить развить понимание механизма, лежащего в основе распределения и модуляции ментального усилия. Цель данной статьи заключается в обзоре существующих экспериментальных данных о модуляции связанных с задачей осцилляций и сравнении результатов исследований с предсказаниями теорий усилия. Результаты. В статье обозреваются исследования мощностей осцилляций как коррелятов различных контролируемых процессов, требуемых когнитивной задачей. Выраженность связанных с выполнением задачи осцилляторных эффектов увеличивается при усложнении задачи и при повышенной мотивации к выполнению. При выполнении особо сложных задач наблюдаются индивидуальные различия в показателях активности мозга, которые, по всей видимости, могут объясняться только через мотивационно-эмоциональную реакцию испытуемого на сложность. Обсуждение результатов. Обнаруженные в результате обзора литературы эффекты согласуются с предсказаниями теории мотивационной интенсивности о модуляции усилия. Однако на сегодняшний день наблюдается недостаток исследований, позволяющих соотнести осцилляторные данные с теориями усилия и развить понимание механизма модуляции усилия при различных требованиях задачи. В статье обсуждаются возможные исследования по данной теме и особенности необходимых экспериментальных дизайнов.
Психологические предикторы конструктивных и деструктивных форм информационного поведения молодежи
Authors: Ермаков Павел Н. , Коленова Анастасия С. , Денисова Екатерина Г. , Куприянов Игорь В.
Published: December 2022

Введение. В условиях нарастающей цифровизации общества особое значение приобретает исследование психологических детерминант Интернет-активности и связанных с ними психологических феноменов, в том числе различных форм информационного поведения. При этом на сегодняшний день психологические предикторы конструктивных и деструктивных форм информационного поведения остаются недостаточно изученными, в частности, интерес представляют параметры агрессивности и враждебности и особенности когнитивной сферы. Методы. В исследовании приняли участие 107 человек (70 % девушки) в возрасте от 18 до 25 лет. С целью выявления уровня агрессивности и враждебности использовался опросник Басса-Дарки, для изучения индивидуальных различий в познавательной деятельности по параметру полезависимость-поленезависимость – тест включенных фигур («Фигуры Готтшальдта»); для уточнения индивидуальных особенностей мышления - методика измерения стиля мышления». С целью изучения особенностей информационного поведения была использована методика «Стратегии информационного поведения». Статистические методы обработки полученных результатов включали в себя: критерий Шапиро-Уилка, кластерный анализ k-средних, t-критерий Стьюдента, непараметрический критерий Манна-Уитни, метод стандартизованных разниц средних (d Коэна) и коэффициент точечно-бисериальной корреляции. Результаты. Пользователи, демонстрирующие активные конструктивную и деструктивную формы информационного поведения, имеют достоверно более высокие показатели по всем показателям агрессивности и враждебности и демонстрируют более выраженную поленезависимость. Указанные формы, как конструктивную, так и деструктивную, объединяет выраженность параметра активности субъекта. Однако направленность этой активности и выраженность отдельных стратегий информационного поведения различается. Обсуждение результатов. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о связи высокого уровня активности в сети с поленезависимостью, агрессивностью и враждебностью и указывают на необходимость продолжнеия изучения вопроса о когнитивных механизмах поведенческой регуляции информационного поведения.
Динамика субъективных оценок личностных характеристик человека в различных перцептивных ситуациях
Authors: Samoilenko Elena S. , Ананьева Кристина И. , Демидов Александр А. , Дивеев Дмитрий А.
Published: December 2022

Введение. Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью изучения закономерностей восприятия личностных характеристик человека, наблюдаемого в экологически валидных ситуациях его взаимодействия с другими людьми. Новизна исследования состоит в раскрытии особенностей межличностного восприятия с учетом контекста, в котором наблюдатель воспринимает оцениваемого человека. Методы. В качестве стимульного материала сконструированы три сценария ситуаций межличностного взаимодействия и сняты соответствующие видеосюжеты, в каждом из которых участвовал один и тот же натурщик. В исследовании участвовали 20 человек, разделенных случайным образом на две равные группы, одной из которых стимульные видеосюжеты предъявлялись со звуком, а другой – без него. Задача участников исследования заключалась в том, чтобы оценить личностные характеристики натурщика по 21 шкале методики «Личностный дифференциал». Результаты. В исследовании обнаружено значимое влияние перцептивных ситуаций, относящихся к разным сферам межличностного взаимодействия, на субъективное оценивание наблюдателем личностных характеристик включенного в эти ситуации человека. Динамика субъективных оценок частично отмечена по факторам «Сила», «Активность» и «Оценка» личностного дифференциала, а также по их отдельным шкалам. Предъявление видеосюжетов в форматах со звуком и без него позволило выявить общие и различные значимые закономерности влияния воспринимаемой ситуации межличностного взаимодействия на субъективную оценку личностных характеристик включенного в нее объекта восприятия. Обсуждение результатов. Результаты вносят вклад в понимание процессов социальной перцепции и, в частности, зависимостей субъективной оценки наблюдателем личностных характеристик другого человека от ситуаций межличностного взаимодействия, в которых он воспринимается. Закономерности, обнаруженные благодаря примененному методическому подходу, демонстрируют адекватность использования идей экологического подхода Дж. Гибсона для исследования перцептивных ситуаций.
Связи зависимости от смартфона с личностными качествами и свойствами белорусов и россиян
Authors: Шейнов Виктор П. , Низовских Нина А. , Белых Татьяна В. , Девицын Антон С.
Published: December 2022

Введение. Зависимость от смартфона − самая массовая из немедицинских зависимостей. Цель исследования – обнаружить общее и различия в связях зависимости от смартфона с личностными качествами и свойствами белорусских и российских мужчин и женщин (ассертивности, импульсивности, нарциссизма, незащищенности от манипуляций, зависимости от социальных сетей), сопоставив результаты, соответствующие этим группам респондентов.

Методы. Зависимость от смартфона диагностировалась опросником САС-16 (автор В.П. Шейнов), ассертивность – тестом ассертивности (В.П. Шейнов), незащищенность от манипуляций − опросником «Оценка степени незащищенности индивида от манипулятивных воздействий» (В.П. Шейнов), зависимость от социальных сетей − опросником ЗСС-15 (В.П. Шейнов, А.С. Девицын), импульсивность – методикой В. А. Лосенкова, нарциссизм − опросником Е. Кот. Результаты. В связях зависимости от смартфона с личностными качествами и свойствами в белорусской (n = 403) и российской (n = 361) выборках мужчин и женщин обнаружено больше общего, чем различий: зависимость от смартфона отрицательно связана с ассертивностью и положительно − с импульсивностью, потерей контроля над собой, страхом отказа использовать смартфон, эйфорией от его использования, зависимостью от социальных сетей. Вне зависимости от гендерной и территориальной принадлежности наиболее сильна связь между зависимостью от смартфона и потерей контроля над собой. Обнаружена отрицательная связь зависимости от смартфона с незащищенностью от манипуляций у белорусских женщин, тогда как у российских женщин данная связь является положительной. Выявлена отрицательная связь зависимости от смартфона с нарциссизмом у российских женщин при отсутствии ее у других групп респондентов.Обсуждение результатов. Полученные данные о связи зависимости от смартфона с личностными качествами и свойствами белорусов и россиян являются новыми, в целом они согласуются с результатами исследований в других социумах, при этом имеются некоторые отличия.
An Alternative Method for the Isolation and Identification of C-Terminal Peptide of Protein
Authors: Hsi Kuo-Liang , Nuwaysir Lydia M. , Dupont David R.
Published: December 2022

A chemical approach for selectively isolating the C-terminal peptide from a protein is described. The protein to be analyzed is derivatized with glycinamide to protect carboxyl groups at both C-terminus and Asp/Glu side chains and subsequently fragmented with protease. The resulting peptides are treated with a Sepharose-based resin, EAH Sepharose 4B which binds all fragments except the C-terminal peptide, through the formation of amide bonds. The unbound C-terminal peptide is purified by HPLC and identified using Edman sequencing and mass spectrometry analyses.
Carboxyl-Terminal Sequencing: COOH-Amino Acid Activation with DCC or TBTU
Authors: Machado Olga L.T. , Ribeiro Patricia D , Alves Elias W.
Published: December 2022

The present study explores conditions to activate the carboxyl group before the coupling of C-terrninal amino acid with Trimethylsilyl -isothiocyanate (TMS-ITC). Protected amino acids and different peptides were used as model and 1,3'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) plus 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and 2-(lH-Benzotriazol-l-y)- 1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) plus HOBt were used as carboxyl activators. The coupling reaction of activated AA with TMS-ITC was temperature dependent and the best yield (100 % of coupling) was obtained at 70°C, when DCC or TBTU both with HOBt were used as activating reagents.
Interaction of the Seed Lectin from Parkia Platycephala (Mimosoideae) with Carbohydrates and Complex Glycans
Authors: Ramos Marcio V. , Cavada Benildo S. , Bomfim Liezelotte R. , Debray Henri , Mazard Anne-Marie , Grangeiro Thalles B. , Rouge Pierre
Published: December 2022

The carbohydrate-binding specificity of the Parkia platycephala (Mimosoideae) lectin was investigated by different techniques including hapten inhibition of haemagglutination, binding of lectin to immobilized glycoproteins and interaction in real time performed by surface plasmon resonance. The lectin belongs to the mannose/glucose-specific group and mannose and oligomannosides with al-3 and al-6 linkages are among its best inhibitors. The mannose/glucose-binding activity exhibited by this lectin, which belongs to a primitive group of Leguminosae, could be related to a defensive function against plant pathogens.
Purification and Partial Characterization of 5-Oxo-L-Prolinase from Pig Kidney
Authors: Wolf Sabine , Jiiger Martina , Weber Peter , Bangsow Thorsten
Published: December 2022

5-0xo-L-prolinase (E.C. 3.5.2.9) was purified to homogeneity from porcine kidney. The molecular weight of one subunit was estimated to 135 kDa by SDS-PAGE. N-terrninal sequencing was not successful, leading to the conclusion that the enzyme is N-terminal blocked. Partial sequence data from a chymotryptic peptide showed strong similarities to the rat enzyme.
Zinc Promoted Simple Synthesis of Z-Arnino Acids Under Neutral Conditions
Authors: Suresh Babu Vommina V. , Gopi Hosahudya N. , Ananda Kuppanna
Published: December 2022

The introduction of benzyloxylcarbonyl (Z) group into amino acids is described at neutral pH using benzyloxylcarbonyl chloride and activated zinc powder. The reaction is simple, fast and clean. Thus the Z-amino acids are prepared in good yield and purity
Design, Synthesis and DNA-Binding Activities of GCN4 Peptide Dimer Studied by Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang He , Lai Luhua , Miao Zhenwei , Xu Xiaojie
Published: December 2022

Basic region-leucine zipper (bZIP) family of DNA-binding protein GCN4 truncate Ac-[L250) GCN4 (226--252)-GGC-OH and its two designed analogues were synthesized by solid phase method using Fmoc­ strategy. Circular dichroism spectroscopy measurements showed that the DNA-binding affinity with target AP- 1 site was reduced when Thr-236 in GCN4 basic region was replaced by valine or glutamine.
Purification and Crystallisation of a Novel Two-Domain Lectin from Scilla Campanulata
Authors: Reynolds Colin D. , Wright Lisa M. , Rizkallah Pierre J. , Allen Anthony K. , Peumans Willy J. , Van Damme Els , Donovan Michael J.
Published: December 2022

In the last decade a number of single-domain mannose-binding lectins (11-14 kDa) have l:ieen characterised from different monocot plants and shown to belong to a superfamily of evolutionary related proteins. We have
isolated and crystallized a novel two-domain, multivalent lectin, with 26.2 kDa subunits, from Scilla campanulata bulbs. The native agglutinin crystallizes in space group C2 and 3.3A resolution data set has been recorded.
Synthesis, Structure and Neurotoxicity of the A Peptide of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Barrow Colin J.
Published: December 2022

Amyloid formation and the A peptide are central to the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. This review discusses our work and related studies aimed at understanding the relationship between structure and neurotoxicity for the A peptide. These studies provide information on the importance of endogenous structural variants, metal coordination, conformation, and aggregation state, to the amyloidogenicity and neurotoxicity of the A peptide. Also discussed is improved methodology for the synthesis of this difficult peptide.
New Aspects of Angiotensin Receptor Regulation: Implications for Other Seven Transmembrane-Spanning Receptors
Authors: Thomas Walter G.
Published: December 2022

Phosphorylation and internaliz.ation acutely regulate seven transmembrane-spanning, G protein-coupled receptors. Additional signalling and regulatory mechanisms have been recently proposed, including association of receptors with novel cytoplasmic proteins and a capacity of receptors to isomerize between multiple "active" states. This short review will introduce these mechanisms using receptors for the peptide hormone, angiotensin II, as a model for other G-protein coupled receptors.
Expression and Secretion of Biologically Active CMTI I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Leatherbarrow Robin J. , McNee John J. , Wang Fengshan
Published: December 2022

A chemically synthesized gene encoding the squash seed inhibitor CMTI has been constructed and inserted into a yeast expression vector utilizing the a-factor promoter. Active inhibitor protein was found to be secreted into the medium. Mass spectrometry, kinetic analysis, protein sequencing and NMR were used to demonstrate that the protein had the correct sequence and was properly folded. This is the first time that expression of CMTI I in an active form has been described without the need for refolding in vitro.
Antiallergic Activity of Novel Hexapeptides Related to Immunoglobulin E
Authors: Kundu Bijoy , Shukla Manisha , Khare Sanjay K. , Gupta Prem P. , Singh Rashmi , Amarnath
Published: December 2022

Eight novel hexapeptides corresponding to IgE Fe region (330-334) have been synthesized and evaluated for antiallergic activity by studying antiPCA as well as mast cell stabilizing activity. One of the peptides (CDRJ compound 95/220) exhibited high order of antiallergic activity.
α-Amylase Inhibitors from Cowpea Seeds
Authors: Melo Francislete R. , Sales Mauricio P. , Pereira Lucilene S. , Bloch Carlos , Franco Octavio L. , Ary Maria B.
Published: December 2022

This work describes the first isolation and partial characterization of α-amylase inhibitors from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds. α-Amylase inhibitors were isolated using an affinity chromatography on Red Sepharose CL-6B. The bound Red Sepharose fraction was active against α-amylases from Bacillus sp., Aspergilus oryzae, V unguicu/ata seeds and also against α-amylases from Callosobruchus maculatus larvae.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Hydrophobic Peptides on 1,6-Hexanediol Diacrylate Crosslinked Polystyrene Resin: Comparison with Merrifield Resin
Authors: Pillai V.N. Rajasekharan , Arunan C.
Published: December 2022

A novel polymer support based on 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate and polystyrene was developed. The resin showed better solvation in solvents used for peptide synthesis than Merrifield resin. The synthetic utility of the new support has been illustrated with the synthesis of some hydrophobic peptides which have high affinity for aggregation. The yield and purity of the peptides were high compared to when Merrifield resin was used.
Purification and Crystallization of a Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase PheB from Bacillus stearothermophilus BR219
Authors: Sugimoto Keisuke , Senda Toshiya , Masai Eiji , Kimbara Kazuhide , Fukuda Masao , Mitsui Yukio
Published: December 2022

The thermostable catechol 2,3-dioxygenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus BR219 has been crystallized by vapor-diffusion method. The crystals were grown from a solution containing isopropanol, HEPES and magnesium chloride. The crystals belonged to the monoclinic system with a space group P21 and unit cell dimensions of a=69.4A, b=61.5A, c=l53.1A and β=92.6°.
Improved solid-phase syntheses of amyloid proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Austen Brian M. , Sheridan Joseph M , El-Agnaf Omar M.A. , Goodwin Hazel , Frears Emma R.
Published: December 2022

P-Amyloid protein, the a-synuclein fragment NAC, and protease-resistant forms of prion proteins are found deposited in the pathological lesions associated with neurodegenerative disease. Chemical syntheses of these proteins are notoriously difficult due to aggregation of the peptides on the resin during synthesis. We report optimised solid-phase syntheses of several amyloid peptides in high yield and >90% initial purity.
Amino acid sequence and molecular modeling of a lipid transfer protein from the seeds of prosopis juliflora and its interaction with palmitic acid
Authors: Bloch Jr. Carlos , Negreiros Andre N ewton Monte , Cordeiro Artur Torres
Published: December 2022

A basic, ninety two amino acid residue polypeptide, called CM4-3, was purified from seeds of Prosopis juliflora and sequenced. Sequence homology searches indicated that this protein is related to the nonspecific lipid transfer protein family (ns-LTP). A 3D model of CM4-3 was built base on the molecular coordinates of a maize ns-LTP and the obtained model revealed the presence of a highly conserved pocket formed by three a-helices capable of accommodating one molecule ofpalrnitic acid inside the CM4-3 structure.
The crystal structure of met-rantes: comparison with native rantes and aop-rantes
Authors: Hoover David M. , Shaw Jeffrey , Gryczynski Zygmunt , Proudfoot Amanda E. I. , Wells Tim , Lubkowski Jacek
Published: December 2022

Met-RANTES is a modified version of the chemokine RANTES, which has an additional amino acid at the amino terminus. To compare Met-RANTES with the native protein as well as with another antagonist, AOP­ RANTES, we have solved the structure of Met-RANTES at 1.6 A by X-ray crystallography and investigated the dimerization of all three proteins by fluorescence anisotropy. The dimerization of AOP-RANTES shows an altered aggregation profile. The delineation of slight differences in binding sulfate anions by Met- and AOP­ RANTES might be linked to specific yet different interactions between these proteins and glycosaminoglycans.
A comparative study of the function of phospholipases a2 fromagkistrodon acutus
Authors: Zhou Yuancong , Liu Xiaolong , Xiong Ying , Wu Xiangfu
Published: December 2022

cDNAs encoding acidic phospholipases A2I and acid A2II, basic phospholipase A2 and Lys49- phospholipase A2 from Agkistrodon acutus were inserted into bacterial expression vectors and effectively expressed in E.coli RRl. Except for Lys49-phospholipase A2, the other phospholipase A2s have high enzymatic activities. Acidic phospholipas_eA2I has an inhibiting effect on platelet aggregation. All phospholipase A2s except acidic phospholipase A2II have hemolytic activities. The roles of various amino acid residues in the enzymatic, hemolytic and platelet aggregation inhibiting activities of phospholipase A2 are discussed.
Ab initio study of the LOM-AKH-I peptide in gas­ phase environment
Authors: Zubrzycki Igor Z.
Published: December 2022

Ab initio calculation (Hartree-Fock) using the minimal (STO-3G) basis set were performed on Lom­ AKH-I peptide, an insect neuropeptide belonging to the large adipokinetic hormones/red pigment concentrating hormones family (AKH/RPCH). The geometry optimized structure, energies and distribution of electrostatic charges were derived.
Effect of chiral guest residue on the conformation of short peptide containing the GLY-DPG-GLY segment: a cd investigation
Authors: Bhargava Kalpana , Rao R. Balaji
Published: December 2022

The Gly-Dpg-Gly segment (Dpg = a ,a-Dipropylglycine) has already been shown to adopt a fully extended conformation in solution as well as in solid state. In this paper we investigate the effect of chiral residues and the terminal aromatic groups on extended conformation in solution with a Gly-Dpg-Gly backbone. CD studies on these peptides indicate that a chiral L-Leu residue at the C-terminus leads to a type I'/11' P-tum structure while a L-Leu residue at the N-terminus leads to a type,I/11P-turn. In addition we demonstrate the role of aromatic residues in the enhancement of CD intensities in the far UV region.
Divergences in homeodomains of hox genes and von baer's law
Authors: He Rong-Qiao , Yao Jun-Lan
Published: December 2022

Divergences among homeodomains coded by Hox clusters of human beings have been analyzed with both methods of dynamic programming [I] and hydropathic mass [2). Homeodomains of the anterior genes (Hox A-1 to -4), including the paralogs of Hox B and Hox D, showed more distinguishable divergences than those of the posterior genes (from Hox A-5 to -13). The homeodomains grew exponentially more divergent in progression from the paralogue group I to 13 along a Hox complex. The divergence of homeodomains of Hox B-1 between C. elegans and human was small, but it became larger between those of the posterior genes. It appears that Hox genes should be involved in Von Baer's law.
Synthesis of alzheimer's B-amyloid peptide fragment (33-42) on a new chemically inert ps-bdodma support
Authors: Roice M. , Kumar K. S. , Pillai V. N. Rajasekharan
Published: December 2022

The (33-42) fragment of Alzheimer's 13-amyloid peptide (Gly-Leu-Met-Val-Gly-Gly-Val-Val-Ile­ Ala) [1] was synthesised on a 2% 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate cross-linked polystyrene (PS-BDODMA) support. The new polymer support was prepared by aqueous free-radical suspension polymerisation of styrene and 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate. The peptide was synthesised.using Boe-amino acids and cleaved· from the resin by trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in high purity and yield. The crude peptide was purified by HPLC and characterized by amino acid analysis and MALDI TOF MS.
An apolipoprotein e synthetic peptide targets lipid particles to lipoprotein receptors
Authors: Lokhov P.G. , Ipatova O.M. , Abakumova O.Yu. , Tsvetkova T.A. , Prozorovskii V.N.
Published: December 2022

An apolipoprotein E 139-158 synthetic peptide was tested for targeting lipid particles to lipoprotein receptors. It was shown that this peptide increases lipid particle binding followed by receptor-mediated endocytosis by cells. In addition, the peptide mediates both acute clearance of lipoproteins followed by the decrease of cholesterol level in a rat blood and acute uptake of liposomes by the tissues which have a high level expression of lipoprotein receptors.
Single chain anti-idiotypic antibody mimics of the phytotoxin dothistromin
Authors: Jones William T. , Mett Vadim L. , Mett Valentina A. , Harvey Dawn , Reynolds Paul H.S.
Published: December 2022

A single chain antibody mimic (MScFvlOE7) was constructed, using a phage display recombinant antibody system, from RNA isolated from the splenocytes of mice immunised with monoclonal antibody MAblOC12 which recognises the furan ring of DOTH [l]. MScFvlOE7 competed with DOTH for binding to MAblOC12 in two ELISA formats and .also reacted with the DOTH binding protein [2] extracted from mature Pinus radiata embryos and is a -type anti-idiotypic mimic of DOTH.
Temperature dependent michaelis-menten analysis of the bovine adenosine deaminase­ catalyzed deamination of adenosine
Authors: Britt B. Mark , Castro Christian
Published: December 2022

Michaelis-Menten analysis of the bovine adenosine deaminase catalyzed deamination of adenosine from 10.0 - 40.0°C and at its pH optimum (pH=6.3) is reported. It is found that increases gradually and nearly linearly with T and exhibits a minimum between 10 and 15°C. The relative increase ofk... with Tis more pronounced and very linear. Values at the physiologic T of 38.3°C are: KM= 26±2 µM; k..,, = 99±4 s·1• The pseudosecond order rate constant (k../K has a maximal value of-3.8 µM·1s·1 in the physiological temperature range.
S-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)glutatidone esters elevate glutatidone level in human hepatoma hepg2 cell
Authors: Tsuboi Seiji , Yasuda Makoto , Matsushima Satoshi
Published: December 2022

The elevating effect of S-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)glutathione (DCE-GS) esters on the glutathione (GSH) content was examined using human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. The treatment with DCE-GS diester and triester (0.5 mM) increased the GSH level in HepG2 cells up to 145 and 175% over control level after 24h, respectively. DCE-GS diester and triester also elevated y-glutamylcysteine synthetase (y-GCS) activity in HepG2 cells up to 125 and 150% over the control level after 24h, respectively. However, this elevation of y-GCS did not occur on treatment with bis-(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate, non-specific esterase inhibitor. It is therefore concluded that DCE-GS diester and triester are transported into cells and hydrolyzed intracellularly to DCE-GS, and then DCE-GS produced promotes GSH synthesis due to the activation of y-GCS.
Crystalization and preliminary x-ray analysis of thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 α-amylase 1
Authors: Kondo Shin , Kaji Akira , Yuguchi Kazuyuki , Tonozuka Takashi , Sakano Yoshiyuki , Kamitori Shigehiro
Published: December 2022

Crystals of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 a-amylase I, hydrolyzing cyclodextrins and pullulan, were grown by the vapor diffusion methods in two crystal forms with minor variations. The diffraction data were collected up to 2.5 A resolution and both crystals were belong to monoclinic system and a space group of C2 with cell dimensions ofa = 123.6 A, b = 51.7 A, and c = 109.1 A , 13 = 104.2° (crystal form 1) and a=
122.5 A, b = 55.0 A, and c = 108.7 A,13 = 103.8° (crystal form 2).
Crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of porcine aldehyde reductase in complex with coenzyme and quercetin
Authors: EI-Kabbani Ossama , Chung Roland P.-T.
Published: December 2022

Aldehyde reductase, member of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily, catalyzes the reduction of a variety of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols. Hexagonal crystals of porcine aldehyde reductase in complex with NADPH and the flavonoid inhibitor quercetin have been grown using the hanging-drop vapour­ diffusion method with ammonium sulfate as precipitant. The binding of quercetin into the active site of aldehyde reductase was revealed from a difference electron density map. This is the first crystallization report of an aldo-keto reductase in complex with a flavonoid.
Sensitive fluorogenic substrates for plasmepsin 2
Authors: Gulnik Sergei V. , Suvorov Leonid I. , Majer Pavel , Erickson John W.
Published: December 2022

Structural Biochemistry Program, SAIC Frederick, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, P.O Box B, Frederick, MD 21702-1201. Present Address: Tibotec Inc., 1330 Piccard Dr., Rockville, MD, 20850. 1Present Address: Gilford Pharmaceuticals Inc., 6611 Tributary Street, Baltimore, MD, 21224.

Plasmepsin 2 is a malarial aspartic proteinase that has been implicated in initial steps of hemoglobin degradation in parasite and thus represents an attractive antimalarial target. We designed and synthesized a number of quenched fluorogenic substrates and measured the kinetic constants of their cleavage by plasmepsin-2. High sensitivity and superior kinetic properties make the substrates suitable for different application including fluorescence plate reader.
Effect of a toxic protein isolated from zea mays seeds on the development and survival of the cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus
Authors: Macedo Maria Ligia Rodrigues , Coelho Mirela Batista , Freire Maria das Gracas Machado , Machado Olga Lima Tavares , Marangoni Sergio , Novello Jose Carnillo
Published: December 2022

A new toxic glycoprotein (Zeatoxin) has been isolated from Zea mays and sequenced. The toxin is a single polypeptide chain, with Mr of 10 kDa . Zeatoxin was not digested by a mixture of pepsin and papain or by rnidgut preparations of C. maculatus. A diet of artificial seeds (final concentration, 0.25%) was lethal to 50% of C. maculatus . These results show that Zeatoxin is a new toxic glycoprotein to C. maculatus. A search in the database indicated that the N-terrninal sequence show no homology to any other known protein.
A Novel Isoform of Osteoprotegerin Gene: Cloning and Expression and Its Hypocalcemic Effect in Mice
Authors: He Zhi-Yong , Yang Guan-Zhen , Chen Zhe-Yu , Li Biao , Zhang Wei-Jie , Wu Xiang-Fu
Published: December 2022

A novel osteoprotegerin (OPG) isoform cDNA was cloned and expressed in the insect cell and yeast. No homodimeric OPG was found according to the SDS-PAGE analysis and western blot. The OPG isoform was 8 amino acid residues less than the reported hOPG. Genomic DNA of Chinese PBL and HEK 293 cells sequence analysis revealed that the mutation was not the result of RNA editing. The rhOPG with His-Tag at N­ terminal did not express the hypocalcemic effect in the normal mice.
Further characterization of the glycan-binding specificity of the seed lectin from vatairea macrocarpa and its dependence of pH
Authors: Ramos Marcio V. , Bomfim Liezelotte R. , Cavada Benildo S. , Alencar Nylane M.N. , Grangeiro Thalles B. , Debray Henri
Published: December 2022

The lectin from Vatairea macrocarpa seeds exhibits a pronounced specificity for glycoproteins possessing Gal/GalNAc residues in their carbohydrate moieties. Determination of the fine sugar specificity of the lectin by affinity chromatography of labelled oligosaccharides and glycopeptides of known structures on the immobilized lectin shows that the lectin precisely recognizes non reducing N acetyllactosamine sequence. This interaction seems to depend of the number of N-acetyllactosamine sequence in each structure and is dependent of pH.
Location of cysteine residues and the biological activities of the fluorescence­ labeled cinnamomin
Authors: Liu Wang-Yi , Xie Liang , Hou Fa-Jian , Wang En-Duo
Published: December 2022

Cinnamomin is a type II ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) isolated from the seeds of Cinnamomum camphora. It is composed of two glycopeptide chains (A- and B-chain). The A-chain exhibits RNA N­ glycosidase activity, depurinating an adenosine from the largest ribosomal RNA and thus inhibiting protein synthesis. The B-chain is a lectin, recognizing the galactose-containing receptor on the cell surface and facilitating entry of the A-chain into the cell. A total of ten cysteines were titrated with DTNB in the cinnamomin molecule, one in the A-chain and the other in the B-chain. All the ·cysteines existed in the disulfide bond form in cinnamomin, which probably accounted for its high structural stability. On the other hand, the sugar chains of cinnamomin were oxidized with periodate and then fluorescence-labeled with FTSC. Both the RNA N-glycosidase activity of its A-chain and the lectin activity of its B-chain decreased three fold after fluorescence-labeling.
Purification and crystallization of a ferredoxin reductase component of a biphenyl dioxygenase derived from pseudomonas SP. strain KKS102
Authors: Senda Toshiya , Yamada Takahiro , Sakurai Nobuyuki , Nishizaki Tomoko , Masai Eiji , Fukuda Masao , Mitsui Late Yukio
Published: December 2022

Ferredoxin reducatase component of a biphenyl dioxygenase derived from Pseudomonas sp. strain KK.S102 has been crystallized using sodium formate as the precipitant. The crystal belongs to the space group P6122 (or P6522) with cell parameters of a= b = 99.5 A, c = 175.6 A, and diffracts to 2.5 A resolution.
Pyridine nucleotide-dependent (3-hydroxyacid oxidative decarboxylases: An overview
Authors: Cook Paul F. , Karsten William E.
Published: December 2022

The class of pyridine nucleotide-dependent -hydroxyacid oxidative decarboxylases generally catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of a -hydroxyacid to a ketone and CO2 using NAD(Pt as the oxidant. There are two subclasses based on the metalsdependence of the reaction. Enzymes that have substrates with electron­ withdrawing substituents in the a- and or y-position generally do not require a metal ion cofactor, an example is 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Of the remaining enzymes, some require only a divalent metal ion; e.g. malic enzyme, while the others require both a monovalent and a divalent metal ion, for example tartate dehydrogenase.
NAD-Malic Enzyme from Ascaris suum: Sequence and Structural Studies
Authors: Harris Ben G. , Rao G.S. Jagannatha , Coleman David E. , Kulkarni G. , Goldsmith E.J. , Cook Paul F.
Published: December 2022

Ascaris suum malic enzyme belongs to the class of oxidative decarboxylases and converts L-malate to pyruvate utilizing NAD and a divalent metal cofactor. It plays a key role in the energy metabolism of the parasite and hence is a target for chemotherapy. It has been extensively characterized from the standpoint of its kinetic, regulatory and chemical mechanisms. Recent studies involving site specific mutants and the determination of its complete sequence as well as quaternary structure have greatly facilitated elucidation of its catalytic mechanism.
Tartrate dehydrogenase, an enzyme with multiple catalytic activities
Authors: Tipton Peter A.
Published: December 2022

Tartrate dehydrogenase is found in a variety of microorganisms and operates as part of a pathway by which tartrate is converted into D-glycerate, providing entry for the carbon into primary metabolic pathways. Tartrate dehydrogenase was isolated from Pseudomonas putida grown on (+)-tartrate as the sole carbon source and characterized in the 1960's [l]. More recently, TDH was isolated from the same bacterial strain and its gene was cloned [2]. The properties of that enzyme are similar in several respects to the TDH described in the earlier work, but differ in several key features as well. It is difficult to know whether the discrepancies arose because different enzymes were isolated and studied or whether mutations occurred which changed the functional properties of the enzyme. A number of workers have described enzymes which tum over tartrate [3,4], but this article will concentrate on the recently isolated P. putida TDH, which exhibited several fascinating mechanistic features.
Structure and thermostability of 3-Isopropylmalate dehydrogenase
Authors: Tanaka Nobuo , Oshima Tairo
Published: December 2022

The thermostability of 3-isopropylmlate dehydrogenase (IPMDH) is reviewed based on its three dimensional structure. The three dimensional structures of an extreme thermophilic, mesophilic and chimeric enzymes are found to be similar with one another, although they have the same function and different thermostabilities. They are composed of two identical monomers, each of which is comprised of two domains. The open and closed conformation, in each subunit, has been determined from the three­ dimensional structures determined by the X-ray diffraction method. From a comparison of the primary and three-dimensional structures, and site-directed mutagenesis, residues have been identified that contribute to the thermal stability of the IPMDH.
Temporin antibiotic peptides:
A review and derivation of a consensus sequence
Authors: Wade D. , Silveira A. , Silberringb J. , Kuuselac P. , Lankinen H.
Published: December 2022

The temporins are a group of small, linear, basic, highly hydrophobic, antibiotic, peptide amides that were originally isolated from the skin of the European red frog, Rana temporaria. During the past decade, 30 temporin or temporin-like peptides have been isolated from the skins of Anurans. This article presents a brief review of the temporin literature, an analysis of the amino acid sequences of temporins and temporin-like peptides, and the derivation of a composite or consensus sequence, [FLP(I/L)IASLL(S/G)KLL-am].
Preparation of protected peptides by gel-phase synthesis on butanediol dimethacrylate
cross-linked polystyrene support
Authors: Roice M. , Pillai V. N. Rajasekharan
Published: December 2022

Preparation of fully protected peptide C-terminal esters in high yield and purity by making use of gel-phase synthesis on chloromethyl butanediol dimethacrylate (BDODMA) crosslinked polystyrene is described. The C-terminal amino acid of the peptide was incorporated by cesium salt method and the step-wise synthesis was carried out using HOBt active ester coupling procedure. The protected peptides were cleaved from the support by trans-esterification. The crude peptides were purified by HPLC and characterized by amino acid analysis, tic and MALDI TOF MS.
Synthesis of [ARG14 17 19 20jdeacetyl-thymosin a1 and its immunological effect on the impaired T­ lymphocytes of uremic patients
Authors: Abiko T. , Nakatsubo S.
Published: December 2022

A deacetyl-thymosin cx1analogue containing four arginines at positions 14, 17, 19, and 20, instead of
four lysines was synthesized by the manual solid-phase method. The synthetic [Arg14 17 19 20 deacetyl-thymosin
cx1 and deacetyl-thymosin cx1 were tested for the effect on impaired T-lymphocyte transformation by phytohemagglutinin in uremic patients suffering from recurrent infectious diseases. The restoring activity on the impaired phytohemagglutinin stimulation of T-lymphocytes was obtained after incubation of peripheral lymphocytes isolated from uremic patients with the synthetic [Arg14•17•19•20] deacetyl-thymosin cx1. This analogue exhibited a far stronger restoring effect than that of our synthetic deacetyl-thymosin ex1.

Abbreviations used: Obzl, benzyl estrer; Bzl, benzyl; Boe, tert-butoxycarbonyl; Mts, mesitylene-2-sulfonyl; DCC, N, N' -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; HOBT, 1-hydro-xybenzotriazole; DMF, dimethylformamide; Et3N, triethylamine; AcOH, acetic acid; TFA, trifluoroacetic acid; TLC, thin-layer chromatography; HPLC, high­ performance liquid chromatography; PHA, phytohemagglutinin; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate; PBS, phosphate­ buffered saline; RPMI, Rosewell Park Memorial Institute; FCS, fetal calf serum; E-rosette, a rosette with sheep erythrocytes.
Isolation and characterization of novel neurotoxins from south american rattlesnake crotalus durissus terrificus: Optimization of chromatographic procedure
Authors: Toyama Marcos Hikari , Leite Gildo B. , Rodrigues-Simioni Lea , Hernandez O.S. Saraguacy , Novello Jose Camillo. , Marangoni Sergio
Published: December 2022

Molecular exclusion HPLC chromatography on a Protein Pak SW 300 column and reversed phase HPLC on a µ-Bondapack Cl8 column were used to purify four novel neurotoxins (rom the crotoxin complex, and five crotoxin subunits (PLA2 and crotapotin) as well as two crotamine isoforms. A single preparative reversed phase HPLC steps yielded a major basic myotoxin followed by the subunits of crotoxin (three PLA2 isoforms
and two crotapotin isoforms). This modified procedure may be useful for the rapid, large-scale purification of
toxins from Crotalid venoms.
Molecular modeling of kappa opioid receptor-Gi
protein recognition
Authors: Wan Xuhu , Xiao-Qin Huang , De-He Zhou , Hua-Liang Jiang , Ya-Ping Feng , Kai-Xian Chen , Zhi-Qiang Chi
Published: December 2022

This work theoretically studied the mechanism involved in recognition of Gi protein and kappa opioid receptor with shape matching method. We used the human kappa opioid receptor model docking with dynorphin A(l- 8)(HKOR_DYN) to mimic the active form of HKOR. The modeling results suggested the cluster formed by A4, AS, AG and 86 in the alpha subunit of Gi protein (Gai) might be the binding core with intercellular solvent face of HKOR and some residues of the intracellular loops play an important role in Gi protein coupling.
Crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of bnsp-6, a myotoxic phospholipase a2 from bothrops neuwiedi venom
Authors: Fontes Marcos R. M. , Monteiro Luiz E. , Soares Andreimar M. , Rodrigues Veridiana M. , da Silva Reinaldo J. , Giglio Jose R.
Published: December 2022

BnSP-6 (myot.oxin I) is a phospholipase A2 homologue isolated from Bothrops neuwiedi pauloensis venom. Crystals of BnSP-6 were obtained which diffracted X-rays to 2.5 A resolution using a synchrotron radiation source at room temperature and belong to space group P3121. The unit cell dimensions are a=b=57.7, c=131.1 A. The structure was solved by molecular replacement using the coordinates of bothropstoxin I from B. jararacussu venom. There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit.
Antibiotic Resistance and Microbiota Response
Authors: Santacroce Luigi , Di Domenico Marina , Montagnani Monica , Jirillo Emilio
Published: December 2022

Background:

Use of antibiotics has dramatically eradicated bacterial infections in humans and animals. However, antibiotic overdose and abuse are responsible for the emergence of so-called multi-drug resistant bacteria.

Interaction between antibiotics and gut microbiota:

Gut microbiota deserves many functions in the host, and among them, integrity of epithelial barrier and enhancement of protective immune responses are included. There is evidence that antibiotic treatment decreases the diversity of gut microbiota species, also provoking metabolic changes, increased susceptibility to colonization and decrease of antimicrobial peptide secretion, leading to antibiotic resistance.

Specific aims:

In this review, the major mechanisms involved in antibiotic resistance will be illustrated. However, novel findings on the potential use of alternative treatments to overcome antibiotic resistance will be elucidated. In this regard, special emphasis will be placed on microcins, prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics, as well as phage therapy and fecal microbial transplantation.