bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reproductive performance of gilts in a big farm in Vojvodina
Authors: Gagrcin Mladen , Stancic Ivan , Bozic Aleksandar , Stancic Blagoje , Harvey R. , Anderson R.
Published: October 2011

The reproductive performance of gilts significantly affects the number of annually produced piglets per sow. The paper presents the results of an analysis of the reproductive performance of gilts on a big pig farm in Vojvodina (Republic of Serbia), with a capacity of around 5,500 sows. Out of the total of 19,000 female piglets selected for reproduction, insemination, aged 210 days, a total of 5,420 (28.5%) gilts are prepared, and 70% of these are inseminated. A total of 29.3% gilts are culled for reproduction because of longterm pre insemination anestria (estrus was not established until the age of 9 months). It is believed that the basic reason for the occurrence of long-term anestrias is the inadequate technology for detecting estrus on the farm (once every 24 hours, without direct contact between the test boar and the gilts). As a consequence, there are significant economic losses in piglet production on the examined farm.
Surgical procedure for limbal dermoid and palpebral coloboma-dermoid in English bulldog puppy
Authors: Bozinovic Stanko , Marinkovic Darko
Published: October 2011

A dermoid is a malformation, a congenital choristoma, in fact an ectopic part of the skin. This malformation can be located on the eyelids (palpebral), on the palpebral or bulbar part of the conjunctive, on the third eyelid or on the cornea, the limbus edge of the eyelid. Ocular dermoids consist of a cornified squamous-stratified epithelium that can be pigmented to various degrees, located on irregular dermis in which there are hair follicles, sweat and fat glands, and, in rare cases, cartilage and bone can also be observed. Corneal dermoids can be classified into three types: limbal or epibulbar dermoid, a dermoid which covers the greater part or the entire cornea, a dermoid that covers the entire front segment of the eye. Coloboma presents a congenital malformation that is characterized by the absence of an eyelid and it can be located on the upper or on the lower lid. This paper presents the case of an English bulldog puppy in which a limbal dermoid and a palpebral coloboma-dermoid were observed at the same time. In this case, superficial keratectomy was selected for the treatment of the limbal dermoid, while the palpebral colobomadermoid was treated using excision with a plastic reconstruction procedure. A microscopic examination of sample tissue of the corneal demoid showed, on the surface, cornified squamous-stratified epithelium lying on the dermis. The dermis was observed to contain hair follicles, as well as sweat and fat glands.
Environmental enrichment in farm, zoo, companion and experimental animals
Authors: Vucinic Marijana
Published: October 2011

The paper deals with environmental enrichment for domestic animals at farms, animals in zoos, experimental animals and pet animals. Also, the paper defines and describes different strategies of environmental enrichment. Environmental enrichment is a simple and effective mean of prevention of boredom, behavioral disorders as well as an effective mean of improving animal welfare in farm, zoo, companion and experimental animals. Different items and materials may be used for environmental enrichment. They need to be evaluated for use by taking into account the following: the species of an animal, its needs, habits and capabilities, the type of an enrichment device, the device's ability to stimulate the animal's interest and the safety of the device. Enrichment programmes should always include two forms of enrichment: behavioral enrichment and environmental enrichment. Enrichment comes in many forms such as structural or physical enrichment, sensory enrichment (auditory and olfactory stimulation), dietary enrichment, manipulatable enrichment and social enrichment.
Cutaneous fibroma in the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Authors: Kureljusic Branislav , Savic Bozidar , Prodanovic Radisa , Cirovic Dusko
Published: October 2011

Fibromas present very frequent skin neoplasms in different species of wild game of the family Cervidae. Viral etiology of skin neoplasms was proven in certain species of wild game from this family, with the most frequent diagnoses being: fibromas, ossifying fibromas, fibrosarcomas, multiple neurofibromatosis, fibropapillomas, and papillomas. The diagnozed tumor in the roe deer had the histological characteristics of a polimorphous fibroblast, which is not the case with domestic animals. This finding can be considered as a characteristic of fibromas in animals of the family Cervidae. Solitary fibroma or multiple fibroma (fibromatosis) does not present a significant cause of deer deaths, but they cause concern among hunters who are in direct contact with them. Although fibromas do not lead to spoilage of game meat, they are esthetically repellent and people are reluctant to consume meat of such game.
Poisoning of domestic animals with heavy metals
Authors: Velev Romel , Krleska-Veleva Natasa , Cupic Vitomir
Published: October 2011

The term heavy metal refers to a metal that has a relatively high density and is toxic for animal and human organism at low concentrations. Heavy metals are natural components of the Earth's crust. They cannot be degraded or destroyed. To a small extent they enter animal organism via food, drinking water and air. Some heavy metals (e.g cooper, iron, chromium, zinc) are essential in very low concentrations for the survival of all forms of life. These are described as essential trace elements. However, when they are present in greater quantities, like the heavy metals lead, cadmium and mercury which are already toxic in very low concentrations, they can cause metabolic anomalies or poisoning. Heavy metal poisoning of domestic animals could result, for instance, from drinking-water contamination, high ambient air concentrations near emission sources, or intake via the food chain. Heavy metals are dangerous because they tend to bioaccumulate in a biological organism over time. Manifestation of toxicity of individual heavy metals varies considerably, depending on dose and time of exposure, species, gender and environmental and nutritional factors. Large differences exist between the effects of a single exposure to a high concentration, and chronic exposures to lower doses. The aim of this work is to present the source of poisoning and toxicity of some heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, arsenic), as well as new data about effects of those heavy metals on the health of domestic animals. .
Implementation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Real-Time PCR in quick identification of bovine herpesvirus 1
Authors: Milic Nenad , Nisavic Jakov , Asanin Ruzica , Knezevic Aleksandra , Asanin Jelena , Vidanovic D. , Sekler Milanko
Published: October 2011

Examinations were performed on 65 samples of nasal smeas taken from calves and young cows with clinical symptoms of respiratory infection to determine the presence of the bovine herpes virus 1 using parallel implementation of molecular and standard methods of virological diagnostics. The appearance of a cytopathogenic effect (CPE) was not established in inoculated cell lines 24h, 48h and 72h following inoculation, or after two successive passages of the examined material sample through these cell lines. The application of polymerize chain reaction (PCR) using a primer for glucoprotein B and thymidine - kinasis, established the presence of bovine herpes virus 1 nucleic acid in one sample of a bovine nasal smear, while the presence of this virus was established in three samples in an examination of the nasal smear samples using the Real-Time PCR method.
Effect of administering energy supplement in feed on body condition and performance of high-yield dairy cows
Authors: Samanc Horea , Kirovski Danijela , Adamovic Milan , Vujanac Ivan , Prodanovic Radisa , Radivojevic Mihajlo , Nikic D. , Tulcan Camelia
Published: October 2011

The objective of the investigations presented in this work was to establish the effects of a glycerol-based energy supplement in the diet of high-yield dairy cows on their body condition and production results during the early stage of lactation. Forty-seven cows were selected before calving, and they were divided into two groups: controls (n=26) and experimental (n=21). Cows of the experimental group were administered the preparation 'Energy Top' (Biochem GMBH, Germany), in a quantity of 250 ml daily during the final two weeks of the dry period and until the 60th day of lactation. The body condition score (BCS) of all cows was determined 10 days before calving, and on days 15 and 60 after calving. Blood samples were taken 10 days before and 15 days after calving, and concentrations of glucose and beta hydroxi-butyric acid (BHBA) were determined in all samples. Average daily milk production of all cows was measured on days 30 and 60 of lactation. The results showed that the differences in BCS between the dry period and puerperium, or the dry period and the 60th day of lactation, were within physiological values in the experimental group of cows, and higher than physiological values in the control group. Glucose concentration was statistically significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group of cows 10 days before calving (p<0.05) and 15 days after calving (p<0.01). Fifteen days after calving, the BHBA concentration in the control group of cows was significantly higher (p<0.01) than in the experimental group. On days 30 and 60 of lactation, the milk yield of experimental cows was higher than of those in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The obtained results indicate that energy supplements should be used as an integral part of the feed ration during the peripartal period in order to prevent changes in the body condition score of cows by more than 0.7 points, and also that, in cows with a daily milk production of up to 30 l, an energy supplement has a stimulatory effect on milk production until the establishing of an energy balance, in this case, until around the 30th day following calving. .
Mechanisms of quinolone resistance and implications for human and animal health
Authors: Velhner Maja , Kozoderovic Gordana , Jelesic Zora , Stojanov Igor , Ratajac Radomir , Stojanovic Dragica
Published: October 2011

Quinolone antibiotics have been widely used in human and veterinary medicine. This has caused the development of resistance and difficulties in the treatment of complicated bacterial infections in humans. The resistance to quinolones develops due to chromosome mutations and it can also be transferred by plasmids. The target enzyme for quinolones in Gram-negative bacteria is Gyrasa A, while the target enzyme in Grampositive bacteria is mostly topoisomerase IV. Gyrase A consists of two subunits encoded by genes gyrA and gyrB. The function of the enzyme is to introduce negative super coiling in DNA and therefore is essential for the replication of bacteria. Quinolone resistance develops if point mutations at 83 and/or 87 codon are introduced on gyrA. Establishing a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to this group of antimicrobials will reveal possible mutations. Recently it was discovered that quinolone resistance is transmittable by plasmid termed PMQR (plasmid mediated quinolone resistance). The target gene marked qnr encodes a pentapeptide repeat family protein. Pentapeptide repeats form sheets, involved in protein-protein interactions. Qnr protein binds to GyrA protecting the enzyme from the inhibitory effect of ciprofloxacin. The distribution of qnr related resistance is higher in humans than in animals. In poultry, however, this type of resistance is present more than in other animals. Plasmid mediated resistance contributes to the faster spread of quinolone resistance. Proper food handling will significantly contribute to decreasing the risk from infection to which people are exposed. In medical and veterinary laboratories antimicrobial resistance monitoring in clinical and environmental isolates is advised. Since correlation between antibiotics application and antimicrobial resistance is often suggested, antimicrobial use must be under strict control of the authorities both in human and in veterinary medicine. .
Determination of NABE in urine of high-yield dairy cows in early lactation in conditions of moderate heat stress
Authors: Fratric Natalija , Vujanac Ivan , Samanc Horea , Kirovski Danijela , Gvozdic Dragan , Adamovic Milan
Published: October 2011

The work presents the results of investigations of the effect of moderate heat stress on the acidobasal status in high-yield dairy cows in early lactation. Improving performance in high-yield dairy cows increases their inclination toward metabolic disorders. The most likely to be affected is the acid-base balance, in particular when cows are exposed to heat stress. Investigations so far have shown that the taking of urine samples and their analysis is the best and fastest way to diagnose disorders in the acid-base balance. Investigations were carried out on 7 clinically healthy cows of the Holstein- Friesian breed in the phase of early lactation, 30 to 40 days (on days 30, 33 and 40 ) following calving during the summer period, during the month of July, when there were significant variations in daily and nightly temperatures. The cows were in the second and fourth lactation, the annual milk yield was 8000 L milk per cow. The average daily milk production in the early phase of lactation ranged from 35 to 40 L. The cows were fed mixed rations (TMR) twice daily. Lucerne hay in limited quantities was given to the cows prior to the mixed feed ration. The ration for this animal category was optimized on the grounds of the daily milk production. The balance of cations and anions in the feed ration stood at 95 mEq/kg DM. The results clearly demonstrate the cows' response to moderate heat stress through the defense parameters in urine (urine pH, NABE (net-acid-base-excretion), acids, bases, ammonium ion (NH4). The determination of the kidney NABE yields more correct data than the urine pH on acidotic conditions. The results of examinations of the urine pH do not show any digressions from physiological values and are approximately the same in all cows during the investigated periods. Normal NABE values are from 100-200 mmol/L. Burdening with acid products results in a NABE range from 0-100mmol/L, and metabolic acidosis results in NAB<0 mmol/L. NABE in the cows in this experiment revealed that the organism is burdened by acid metabolic products and it stood at 58.28?27.96 mmol/L on day 30, 69.28?29.89 mmol/L on day 33, and 60.60?26.88mmol/L on day 40. Consequently, it seems that NABE values are decreased in cases of acidosis due to stepped up H+ excretion and stepped up bicarbonate reabsorption.
Significance of continuous examinations for presence of certain chemical contaminants in livers of cattle, pigs and broilers
Authors: Novakovic Zorica , Geric Tamara , Boskovic Tamara , Jovanovic Jelana , Jankovic Sasa , Stefanovic Srdjan
Published: October 2011

The paper presents the results of investigations of toxic elements residue in the liver of cattle, pig and broilers, in samples taken in keeping with the Programme for the systematic monitoring of residue during the first six months of the year 2010. The objective of the work was to evaluate the health safety of livers of pigs, cattle and broilers, and to assess the importance of systematic and continuous control and sound education of all subjects involved in the food chain. Liver samples were taken on the slaughter lines, in keeping with the Regulations on establishing a programme for the systematic monitoring of residue of pharmacological, hormone and other harmful matter in animals, products of animal origin, and food for animal consumption. The quantities of arsenic in all samples were below the limit of detection by the applied method, and mercury concentration in one sample of a broiler liver was 0.006 mg/kg. Cadmium content in four samples of calf livers was 0.056 mg/kg, 0.008 mg/kg, 0.012 mg/kg and 0.049 mg/kg. Results for cadmium in eight samples of pig livers ranged in concentration from 0.019 to 0.148 mg/kg, and they were 0.017 mg/kg and 0.020 mg/kg in two samples of broiler livers. Lead was established in two samples of calf livers, in concentrations of 0.35 mg/kg and 0.18 mg/kg. The results of these investigations have shown that not a single liver sample from calves, pigs or broilers had quantities of toxic elements that were higher than the permitted levels and that the liver is a safe for use in the human diet.
Recognition and assessment of pain in animals
Authors: Aleksic Jelena , Jovic Slavoljub
Published: October 2011

Pain is a complex physiological phenomenon, it is hard to define in a satisfactory manner in human beings, and it is extremely difficult to recognize and interpret in animals. According to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Pain is an important aspect of life and its prevention and decrease are important as a goal to achieve the well-being of animals. The task of scientists is to recognize the language of pain interpretation which animals use to seek help. For an objective evaluation of pain, it is essential to possess a good knowledge of physiology, etiology and clinical diagnosis. We are obliged to do this also because of the ethic principles to defend the well-being of animals and to eliminate any factor which can cause feelings of pain or suffering. The recognition of pain and its manifestation is especially important in cases of animal abuse, when it could be the only symptom. Animals can be quiet and instinctively hide the presence of pain, which makes the symptoms more subtle, but does not make their injuries any less painful. It is also important to have knowledge of manifestations of pain that appear during different surgical procedures performed by the veterinarinarian in spite of the applied dose of analgetic. Pain significantly contributes to the suffering of animals and in such cases it is important to collect relevant documents, in the form of video recordings or in photodocumentation form, because it is important information in the processing of cases of animal abuse. Veterinary experts have the responsibility to recognize, evaluate, and prevent pain and to relieve animals from the pain, which should be the fourth vital sign, following temperature, pulse and breathing, and participate in the evaluation of the condition of the animal during an examination. Due to all the above mentioned, it is essential to secure efficacious prevention and control of pain, which is reflected in the recognition of pain, making a diagnosis, developing a plan of therapy, and adapting the therapy over a longer time period, especially in cases of chronic pain.
Historicity: Heidegger's rejection of world history
Authors: Prole Dragan
Published: October 2011

(nemacki) Heideggers Abhandlung ?ber die Geschichtlichkeit beruht auf der Ablehnung des Begriffs der Geschichte, beziehungsweise Hegels Begriffs der Weltgeschichte. Die Rechtfertigung dieser Korrektur wurde in unverzichtbarer Opposition zwischen der Erkentnnis der Geschichte und der Befragung des geschichtlichen Seins gefunden, wessen eigene Struktur in der egsistentiell-zeitlichen M?glichkeit des Geschehens liegt. Die Voraussetzungen dieser Rechtfertigung verlegen sich auf zwei Richtungen. Die erste bezieht sich auf die Destruktion der ontologischen Gleichberechtigung der Geschichte und Zeit, die im Standpunkt ausgesagt wurde, dass das Dasein nicht zeitlich sei, weil es in der Geschichte zentriert wurde, sondern es sei geschichtlich, weil der Grund seines Seins zeitlich ist. Die zweite Richtung der Rechtfertigung hat als Ziel die Absurdit?t des traditionellen Nachdenkens ?ber die Geschichte zu zeigen, das auf den unakzeptablen Modalit?ten der Ineinandersetzung der Gegenwart und der Vergangenheit beruhte, aus denen die Zukunft ausgeschlossen bleibt, oder nimmt das Stigma des Planens an beziehungweise der unauthentischen Antitipation. Nach Heideggers Meinung sind die Differenzen zwischen der geerbten Bestimmungen der Geschichte tats?chlich fiktiv und philosophisch irrelevant, da in ihrem Hintergrund dieselbe Uneigentlichkeit der linearen Zeitfolge liegt, welche die Zeitlichkeit des Daseins ignoriert, und auf diese Art und Weise den Zugang zum Deisen angemessene Artikulation des geschichtlichen Seins blockiert. Der Aufsatz thematisiert die innere Grenzen solchen Standpunkt.
National identity of the Serbs in the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century
Authors: Markovic Sasa
Published: October 2011

An attempt to establish a specific form of global uniformity by the dominant world powers, even if it is to a certain degree flexible and economically acceptable, proved to be imprudent and controversial. Autochthonous development of specific nations in all its traditional, religious and historical entirety is inaccessible and very sensitive to the form of the dominant ideological concept. Even if multiculturalism, multinationalism and multiconfessionalism belong to civilization heritage, it turned out that their declarative respect and haughty globalization was a risky experiment. European Union, supporting the project "Structuring of Europe", intends to prove its multinational (as well as any other multi determination) in the authentic interdisciplinary research work in the study of the past of each European nation. The idea of this project is based on the creative integrative link of the national identity of European nations and European super-national identity which stems from the mosaic of their existence. Attitude to the formation of national identity among the Serbs should be based on the research about the determination of national identity from the beginning of the formation of the Serbian state till today. During the 19th century and till the 1920s, I believe that one should - when determining the national identity among the Serbs - focus on the research about the role of education and culture in the national identification and on the attitude to the Yugoslav idea. The complexity of the problem also includes the specific interrelations between the idea of national identity and the standpoint of The Serbian Orthodox Church, as well as the enthusiasm of romanticism liberal ideas, party programmes, dominant elite and intelligentsia contemporary ideological influences and so on.
Population trends in Vojvodina during the 20th and at the beginning of the 21st century
Authors: Golubovic Petar , Markovic-Krstic Suzana
Published: October 2011

Demographic development belongs to the group of the primary social and developmental issues, and the demographic processes and tendencies in the population trends are included in the basic social processes which are expressed by the demographic (that is, synthetic social) indicators. The process of the depopulation of Vojvodina is a result of the several-decades long decrease in birthrate, ageing of the population and mortality rate which is related to a series of historical, socioeconomic, cultural educational, specifically local, family, as well as psychological factors. Unfavourable demographic circumstances in Vojvodina started already in the 1920s, and became more pronounced after World War II, in 1989 resulting in the negative natural increase (-1%o), in the process of a more intensive decrease in the population which today, in the 21st century, acquires greater dimensions (-4,7%o in 2002), creating not only disturbances in the demographic, but also in the economic-social structures. Taking into account the far-developed process of demographic ageing of the population of Vojvodina and the accepted reproductive norms implying a low fertility (giving birth to a smaller number of children or only one child) which does not ensure even the simple reproduction of the population, one cannot expect - in spite of the present immigrational processes (the inflow of refugees) and the absolute increase in the population (between the previous two censuses) - significantly more favourable population trends and a better prospective demographic picture of Vojvodina.
Households of Vojvodina according to the type of settlement at the beginning of the 21st century
Authors: Predojevic Jelena
Published: October 2011

The main goal of the paper is the analysis of the demographic picture of households of Vojvodina according to the type of settlement, on the basis of the data from the 2002 census. Special attention would be directed to the changes developed in the last decade of the 20th century. The analysis would be based on the following demographic indicators: the number of households the average size of the household, the structure of the household according to the number of members of a specific age, as well as the structure of the old-age (65+ years) households. The picture of the situation would be related to the households of Vojvodina according to the type of settlements and the possession of agricultural estates, while the analysis of the number, average size and the structure of the households according to the number of members would be also related to the municipal level (according to the type of settlement and possession of agricultural estates). It is expected that the results of the analysis would show the continuation of the already far-developed trend of the so-called demographic ageing of households increase in the share of households with old persons, specially the single old-age households, and that the greatest changes in the preceding decade were related to the households in the urban settlements of Vojvodina.
Municipalities in Vojvodina with the highest share of refugees: Influence on dynamics and structural characteristics of the population
Authors: Lukic Vesna , Matijevic Dragana
Published: October 2011

The paper treats the issue of significance of refugee migrations in the last decade of the 20th century, for the changes of total number of inhabitants in the municipalities: Indjija, Ruma, Sremski Karlovci, Stara Pazova and Sid. These municipalities have the highest share of refugees in the total population, according to the 2002 census. The trend of negative natural increase of population in Vojvodina since 1989, contributed to the increase of the significance of migration component in population dynamics, regarding the fact that it mostly represents the crucial factor of population in-crease. In that sense, contribution of refugees to the values of mechanical inflow of population is ascertained. Having in mind the differentiation of municipalities according to the socio-economic characteristics of population, the paper gives the analysis of influence of refugees on the changes of these structures. The study encompasses economic and educational structure of population. The structure of refugee population by their economic activity also shows the extent of economic adaptation of refugees, as a very important factor in the process of their integration.
Potentials of pre-school institutions in the field of demographic development of Vojvodina
Authors: Prentovic Risto
Published: October 2011

Preschool institutions, as principal institutions for social child care, with their three main functions - education, preventive health and social care represent a significant support to modern families in the field of improving protection, acculturation, socialisation and providing happy and carefree childhood and development of children at the preschool age. Such institutions also represent an important agent for motivating, that is encouraging and supporting spouses and other partners of different gender in having children which can be a positive factor of significant demographic development and instrument of the pronatalist population policy.
Age structure of the population of Vojvodina according to territory and nation
Authors: Milovanovic Zoran
Published: October 2011

In the inter-census period, the process of ageing of the population of Vojvodina continued, and Vojvodina is in the stage of a deep demographic old age. The average age increased from 37,7 to 39,8 years, and the index of ageing from 71,0 to 94,1. Territorially speaking, the population of Vojvodina has a homogeneous age structure. All counties are in the stage of a deep demographic old age. Somewhat more favourable age structure is present in the South-Backi, Sremski and South- Banatski counties. Homogeneity is also present at the municipal level. Out of 45 municipalities, 39 belong to the phase of a deep demographic old age, 5 to a demographic old age, and 1 to the deepest demographic old age, while in the 1991 census 38 municipalities belonged to the phase of a demographic old age, and 7 to the phase of a deep demographic old age.
Women and men in Belgrade (through statistics)
Authors: Vicentijevic Radmila
Published: October 2011

As in other East-European countries, in Serbia and Montenegro, the equality of sexes is built in a system as a part of ideology related to the progress in the position of women in a society. The field of education is specially emphasized. According to the census 1991 and 2002, in Serbia and Montenegro there lived 50, 39%, that is 51, 37% of women in the total number of population. In Belgrade that percentage was 51, 60%, that is 52, 55%. This data tells about a large participation of women in the population. In the field of working legislature, women are equal as men. But formal equality doesn?t give always a real equality. For active women population in Belgrade the characteristic is a really high economic activity. The percentage of maintained women in 2002 was 61, 80% in The Republic of Serbia, which is 58 55% in Belgrade. In a structure of maintained women, according to their contribution, the first place is occupied pupils and students (over 40%), then with one third housewives, 20% children and 1% persons unable to work. We can notice a reduction in the contribution of housewives in a number of maintained women population. According to the education level, the largest number of employed women is with secondary education 38, 05%. With high and higher education 34, 28%, women are employed which makes 72, 33% of the total number of employed women. This data tells as that there is an extremely high educational level of employed women in legal entities. Women participation in political life, in the work of political parties and diplomatic branches grows slowly. A number of women-board members at the latest elections 2004 in the city assembly of Belgrade was 31, 0%, in Nis 23,0% in Novi Sad 28,0% from the total number of board members. This percentage is still unsatisfactory but this shows a better involvement and participation of women in the political scene. According to marriages, the percentage of bridegrooms in Belgrade in 1997 was 62,4%, in 1981 it was 63,0%, in 1991 it was 60.3% and in 2002 it was 53,4%. The percentage of single women grew from 20,4% in 1971 to 24,36% in 2002. Higher educational structure, higher activity rate and women employment, caused their better economic status, but at the same time this reflected ?negatively? in family size, and through it in a total population in the Republic and the town.
Natural trend of the population of Vojvodina according to the type of settlement
Authors: Stevanovic Radoslav
Published: October 2011

In the last 50 years, two processes gained full shape in the population dynamics of Vojvodina: a strong rural exodus and the concentration of population in the towns, as well as the permanent decline of natural increase. They are, more or less, regular events in the development of a society, but their specific and unfavourable side lies in the fact that they occur faster and more intensive than our society can follow without greater disturbances and lasting consequences. Thus, it is a particular characteristic of the natural trends of the population. The goal of this paper is to establish and qualify the differences, changes and tendencies of birthrate, mortality rate and natural increase of the population of urban and rural (other) settlements in Vojvodina in the period from 1963 to 2003. In addition, on the basis of the analysis and demographic trends so far, the paper tried to answer the question which had to be asked: which trends are expected in the near future?.
Some characteristics of migration of the Vojvodina elite
Authors: Nagy Imre
Published: October 2011

The research analyzes the reasons for the immigration of intellectuals into Hungary and the circumstances related to immigrants? adaptation. The questioned "intellectuals", who usually completed university education and only in some cases secondary school, were given a questionnaire (200 selected respondents) or were interviewed (20 selected respondents). As for poll-taking in this research, one could say that it was characterized by difficulties to provide answers. However, the process was facilitated by the fact that the author of these lines, who was also a subject in this research, knew well the problems of the emigration process, all the difficulties in the period while traveling to work, as well as the problems of sociaization. Constant contacts with one?s homeland, long hours spent waiting at the border crossing, talks with "the compatriots", immigrants or travelers going in one direction or the other, created a sufficiently good foundation and basis to study the problem, the topic of this research continually till today, throughly and practically on the spot.
Demographic trends in Hungary at the twin of the millenium
Authors: Pirisi Gábor , Trócsányi András
Published: October 2011

Hungary belonging more and more to the pestigious group of developed countries can be characterized more and more by the demographic characteristics of those. Aging population, decreasing live birth, decreasing figure of the population are commonly used terms characterizing the demographic profile of our country. This simplified picture can be modulated and coloured with the help of spatial data. In spite of the comparatively small size, and relatively homogenous structure of Hungary several differences can be found. The network of small towns could be an obvious and representative sample for the spatial investigations as the elements of that almost totally cover the area of Hungary, it is numerous enough, but still easy to handle. Within a Hungarian geographical context settlements having a maximum of 30,000 inhabitants and possessing city rank can be defined as small towns. Because of their size and functions they are sensitive enough to illustrate the national demographic tendencies, but they are numerous enough to split into different gropus according to their remarkably diverse character. Traditional historic small towns widely differ from the ones located in the rapidly urbanizing agglomerations, even though the socialist new towns having similar origin reflect significant demographic variants.
Realization of the gods of the population policy in a pre-school institution
Authors: Kamenov Emil
Published: October 2011

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Changes in the educational structure of the population of Vojvodina
Authors: Markov Slobodanka
Published: October 2011

This paper will consider the changes in the educational structure of the Vojvodina population during the second half of the 20th century. The analysis, based on the 1953, 1981 and 2002 census data, takes into account the degree of illiteracy, structure according to level of education, as well as regional, gender and generational aspects of the above-mentioned changes. The basic finding is that, with the expansion of the network of educational institutions, there was a fast and significant increase in the number of people with occupational and professional education, accompanied by a slower decrease in the number of illiterate people as well as people with incomplete elementary education. The outcome of these changes is that in Vojvodina according to the results of the 2002 census, the most numerous category is that of people with the secondary education - 44% of the population over the age of 15 compared to 8.29% in 1953 - while the percentage of people with the higher and university education was 9.52% compared 0.55% in 1953, which is a significant civilisational effect of a half century development of education. However, the 20% of people with incomplete or without elementary school along with the 25% of people with elementary school education, make up the other half of the population without any qualifications. Gender inequalities have been radically decreased in the whole range from elementary to the highest level of education, whereas generational differences have also constantly decreased, while significant differences remain mainly between the oldest and youngest generations.
Art and the analysis of myth
Authors: Kovacevic Ivan
Published: October 2011

The paper discusses the mediation between the anthropological and artistic approach to myth. Created in the co-operation with the artistic group ?Bazaart?, it tries to make the anthropological analysis of myth usable in every other sense, so it should be also understood as applied anthropology. Fragments of myth are often in the focus of intellectual curiosity and artistic creation, but if they are not previously analytically processes and interpreted, than the direct creative approach to myth becomes a new uncultivated myth-making. Classic anthropological analyses like the structural analyses, with their results can enable a deeper artistic insight into myth, but only after they were transformed and translated from the ?heavy? structuralist language into the language available to the artist. The paper also points to the dangers of neomythical consciousness, which, if it is analytically non-elaborated, can lead the artist - whose intentions converge with the scientific ones and who tends towards presenting the artistic experience of the world - to the path of manifold arbitrariness. Therefore, the artistic experience of myth which reflects the artist?s state of consciousness must be preceded by the deconstruction of that myth to bring its social reality to light.
The Temple of St. Sava in Kosovska Mitrovica
Authors: Vukadinovic Zoran
Published: October 2011

Activity of the Serbian Orthodox Church during the enslavement under the Turks was of decisive and invaluable significance for maintaining the national spirit of the Serbian nation in the region of the Old and South Serbia. The construction of monasteries and temples, as the centers of Serbian spirituality, was the primary goal of The Serbian Orthodox Church and The Government of The Kingdom of Serbia. Kosovska Mitrovica is a small town which got its Orthodox church last. The construction of the church (1896-1921) went slowly, depending on the political and economic (mis)happenings. Anger of the Albanians, obstinacy of the Turks, two Balkan and one world war dictated the speed of the construction of the church. The project of the church (Andra Stevanovic) and of the bell-tower (Aleksandar Deroko) was also economically expensive. The executor(s) of the work, master masons from Veles and painters from Macedonia were also expensive. The church was built with the great effort of The Church Municipality and it was the spiritual center of the Serbs in Kosovska Mitrovica and its surroundings between the two world wars. The Temple of St. Sava celebrates a great jubilee on August 6, 2007 - the 110th anniversary from the beginning of its construction. The Serbs do not live in the so-called South Mitrovica, where the church, the bell-tower, the chapel and the cemetery are located. From the distance of 500 meters, the Serbs from Northern Mitrovica watch the burnt temple, destroyed chapel and broken monuments in the southern part of the town, waiting for the new construction of the church, of the chapel, of the cemetery...
From social physics to sociology
Authors: Milosevic Zoran
Published: October 2011

In 1835, Auguste Comte pointed out to the fact of ?usurpation? of his term ?social physics? by the Belgian mathematician and statistician A. Quetelet. Quetelet used the term ?social physics? in the title of his book: On Man and the Development of his Abilities or An Experiment in the Research of Social Physics. Therefore, Comte coined a new term ?sociology?. In the 4th volume of his famous work Course, in the chapter ?Dogmatic Part of Social Physics? more precisely in the 47th lesson, under the title: ?A Short Evaluation of the Basic Philosophical Attempts in the Creation of Social Science? written in March 1839, Comte used the word sociologie for the first time.
The positioning of Serbia
Authors: Rakic Beba , Rakic Mira
Published: October 2011

The need to attract tourists, companies (foreign direct investment) and talented people and to find markets for their exports requires that countries adopt strategic marketing management tools and conscious positioning. Serbia?s successful economic development requires radical reforms on multiple fronts simultaneously. The whole basis of Serbia?s national competitiveness must be transformed. This requires changing organizations? marketing strategies as well as new requirements for the Serbia?s business environment. Improving marketing activities of our enterprises require: the demise of marketing intuition and the rise of marketing science, the rise of holistic marketing the rise of partner relationship marketing and customer relationship marketing, discovering new points of differentiation and positioning on the base of consumption chain analysis, customer-centered brand management creating and sustaining a market-driven organization through a successful change program.
Importance of social capital in the development of local rural communities
Authors: Jankovic Dejan
Published: October 2011

In the paper we analyzed several aspects that are relevant for the development of the local rural communities. According to that, we emphasized the importance of social capital, its role and links with other forms of the capital which in synergy could produce 'competitiveness' of rural communities in complex rural development processes. Territorial rural development, as a relatively new rural development concept, represents some kind of reaction on the top down rural development politics and assumes analysis of different forms of capital and achievement of the rural communities competitiveness. These processes could lead to rural economy development, diversification of the activities in rural regions and achievement of sustainable development. In the paper we presented some EU CAP initiatives that aim to improve rural development policy.
Consultancy contribution to the development of market economy in Serbia
Authors: Mihailovic Branko
Published: October 2011

Companies in Serbia are in the stage of adopting the concept of market economy, except some parts of economy where government property still exist. Consulting is one of the important factors for the development of spontaneous order of the market economy, which is based on private property enterpreneurs? initiative and social responsible work. Consulting interventions and coordination affect creation of the spontaneous market order, on the other hand the development of the market and market relations affects the development of consultancy as a profession. The changes will become irreversible at the moment when most of the national product is created by companies in private property.
Large and small farms in the agriculture of the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Pejanovic Radovan
Published: October 2011

The author deals with the current issue of the farm size in agriculture Thereby the starting point of the author is the experience of the developed countries of the EU, in which the policy of agglomeration has been implemented successfully for a long time. In the agrarian structure of these countries there coexist large, medium size, and small farms, which find their place and play a significant role in the division of labour and in the accompanying specialization within the concept of the integral rural development. Serbia is characterized by an unfavourable property structure on the one hand, and on the other hand by the uncompleted privatization and reconstructuring of agricultural enterprises and cooperatives. The agrarian policy has failed to solve the problem of our agricultural subjects which has resulted in the crisis in both agriculture and rural areas. Measures and activities which would contribute to finding the solution to these problems are required.
Law on marriage in Vojvodina in the period between two world wars
Authors: Cvejic-Jancic Olga
Published: October 2011

The conditions for marriage under the prewar law in Vojvodina were numerous and more complex than in our contemporary law. In the prevailing part of Vojvodina in that time there was in effect the Hungarian Family Law Act from 1894 by which civil marriage was introduced and religious differences were abolished as a marriage impediment. Religious form of marriage was still in effect in Srem and in those parts of Vojvodina which were before unification under Austrian jurisdiction (Military Border). Cohabitation was not recognized and had no family law effects. Legal status of the children born out of wedlock was much worse than the legal status of the children born in wedlock. Discrimination on the ground of sex was a rule, not only in the law of Vojvodina, but also in other parts of The Kingdom of Yugoslavia. For example, women could get married only with the dispensation of the minister of justice, at the age of 16, while men could get married at 18. Woman was subordinate to her husband and could legally represent only her children born out of wedlock. She could exceptionally be the legal representative of her children born in wedlock.
Family, education and community: Results of a sociological research on the youth in Törökszentmiklós
Authors: Khademi-Vidra Aniko , Barko Endre , Sarvak Tibor
Published: October 2011

The essay displays youth society in T?r?kszentmikl?s, the center of a small area located in the Big Plateau, in the first decade of this century. We started the research because we think that without innovative and opened youth society for modernization processes no territory or county can have future in the beginning of the 21st century. The future is endangered by the existential and moral crisis of the growing generation. Forming the research method, the specific deviant examples and of the newly graduated population migration played the main role. .
The position and needs of children in families with more members in the Republic of Srpska
Authors: Vukovic Jovanka , Lipovac Nada , Kasapovic Marijana
Published: October 2011

The paper draws attention to the problem of depopulation in the Republic of Srpska, and in that context, to the occurrence of giving birth to children of higher birth order (fourth, fifth, sixth and so on). A research done by the Council for the children of the Republic of Srpska found that only 3% of children have been born in this status, which is not target contingent for the renewal of the population. However, this research has also shown that the position of big families in our society is not favourable nor is the position of children born in such families. The existing measures taken by the society and directed to these families are mainly socio-protective in character (and mostly in the domain of child protection). They are aimed at making balanced and appropriate conditions to fulfill obstructed development needs of children who live in those families. .