bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Mobility Based Approach to Strengthen the Network Lifetime of
Wireless Sensor Networks in 3D Region
Authors: Ahlawat Neha , Kaur Jasvinder
Published: December 2023

Background:

In this era of emerging technologies, Mobile Wireless Sensor Network
(MWSN) has emerged as a powerful tool for many applications. Applications such as battlefield and
traffic surveillance, agriculture and environment monitoring, smart homes and smart cities require a
specific protocol to fulfill a specific purpose. WSN is composed of numerous tiny Sensor Nodes
(SNs) along with one or more sinks, where sinks have unlimited sources of energy and SNs are battery-
operated. SN tasks are to sense the data and transmit it to sink through the formation of dynamic
topology. The SNs nearer to the sink rapidly exhaust their energy due to the heavy burden. Due to
this, SNs became dead affecting the performance of the network lifespan. To overcome this problem,
the concept of MWSN has been proposed. In MWSN, the sink can move from one location to another,
and collect data from SNs. With the help of MWSN, the problem of energy holes can be resolved.
An energy hole is a problem in which nodes are alive but they are not able to send the data due to
low energy left. To overcome this problem, MWSN plays an important role. MSWN can move
around the region and collect the data from SNs.

Methods:

In this work, we have proposed a Mobile Sink (MS) that can move on fixed or random locations
for data collection from SNs. The comparative analysis of various MS strategies such as MS
on boundaries, 4 sojourn locations in the region, random position in the region and fixed path to collect
the data has been done.

Results:

SNs become dead in 2246 rounds in static approach. In the MS boundary approach, all SNs
are dead in 2593 rounds. In the sojourn location, it lasts up to 4827. But in MS random and fixed location
approaches, all SNs are dead in 11568 and 11513 rounds, respectively.

Conclusion:

The simulation results depict that the MS strategies having fixed or random positions in
the region enhanced the network lifetime 4 to 5 times more than the static sink.
Performance Analysis of Authentication System: A Systematic Literature
Review
Authors: Singla Divya , Verma Neetu
Published: December 2023

Background:

Data authentication is vital nowadays, as the development of the internet and its applications allow users to have all-time data availability, attracting attention towards security and privacy and leading to authenticating legitimate users.

Methods:

We have diversified means to gain access to our accounts, like passwords, biometrics, and smartcards, even by merging two or more techniques or various factors of authentication. This paper presents a systematic literature review of papers published from 2010 to 2022
and gives an overview of all authentication techniques available in the market.

Results:

Our study provides a comprehensive overview of all three authentication techniques
with all performance metrics (Accuracy, Equal Error Rate (EER), False Acceptance Rate
(FAR)), security, privacy, memory requirements, and usability (Acceptability by user)) that
will help one choose a perfect authentication technique for an application.

Conclusion:

In addition, the study also explores the performance of multimodal and multifactor authentication and the application areas of authentication.
Security Trends in Internet-of-things for Ambient Assistive Living: A Review
Authors: Patel Ankit D. , Jhaveri Rutvij H. , Shah Kaushal A. , Patel Ashish D. , Rathore Rajkumar S. , Paliwal Manish , Abhishek Kumar , Thakker Dhavalkumar
Published: December 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized our society and become indispensable to modern existence. The IoT allows users to access their electronic gadgets from any location. The widespread adoption of IoT across sectors, from manufacturing to surveillance to elder care, has contributed to its rising profile. New security risks and challenges arise with the
growth of the IoT. With the development of IoT, the likelihood of an attack by hackers has increased. The burden of addressing these dangers falls on researchers and security professionals.
This article looks into the challenges of IoT security in a real-world Ambient Assisted Living
(AAL) environment. This work discusses the numerous security attacks employed by cybercriminals in AAL IoT. In addition, this research investigates the varied responses to the risks.
We discussed the state-of-the-art technologies available for protecting AAL IoT networks. This
work analyses and compares the majority of the latest technologies available. In conclusion, we
offer a few suggestions for where the field could go from the current scenario
A Review on Theories and Discharge Mechanisms in Electro-Chemical Discharge Machining
Authors: Prasad Sharma Mahaveer , Kumar Gupta Pankaj , Kumar Gaurav
Published: December 2023

Electro-chemical discharge machining (ECDM) is a hybrid machining
process that can machine conductive and non-conductive materials at the micro level. It
caters to the benefits of two well-established constituent processes, namely, electrochemical machining (ECM) and electric discharge machining (EDM). The technology
is quite established. However, the control of discharges in ECDM still needs further
research. In this view, the present study reviews the various theories and mechanisms
of discharge in ECDM given by researchers. The study also comprises an introduction
to the ECDM technique, its various names given by different researchers, applications,
and historical developments.
Analysis of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Composite Vehicle Bumper with Varying Fiber Volume Fraction
Authors: Pothina Abhishek , Kumar Sarangi Saroj
Published: December 2023

This paper presents the analysis of the Pineapple Leaf Fiber (PALF)
reinforced composite used as a material for car bumpers. Impact analysis is performed
on the modeled front car bumper at different fiber content, i.e., at the difference in the
value of the fiber volume fraction, and the results are discussed. The objective is to
model a car's rear bumper with considered dimensions, and analyze it by simulating in
the circumstances of a crash, i.e., the impact is simulated against a rigid body at speed
as per the standards of the vehicle. The natural fiber reinforced composite, which has
good specific weight compared to synthetic fiber, results in a reduction in the weight of
the whole body, resulting in less weight-to-volume ratio, when compared to the use of
synthetic fibers and, therefore, can be considered as a material for car front bumper.
There may certainly be a difference in performance, but depending on the required
applications, the fiber-matrix bonding, and the aspect ratio can be varied. For PALF,
the compensation for the low value of modulus can be done by having a very high
aspect ratio, as the composite modulus is influenced by both young’s modulus and
aspect ratio. In PALF reinforced Composites, the variation of fiber content affects the
performance of the composites with less increase in overall weight compared to that of
synthetic fibers.
Colossal Dielectric Properties Of (Ta0.1Sm0.9)0.04Ti0.96O2 /PVDF Composites For Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Chekkaramkodi Dileep , Chuttam Veettil Muhammed Hunize , Purushothaman Murali Kodakkattu
Published: December 2023

In this study, (Ta0.1Sm0.9)0.04Ti0.96O2
/Polyvinylidene fluoride composites were
synthesized and analyzed for colossal dielectric properties. The ceramic powder was
prepared by solid-state ceramic route, confirmed its phase purity through an X-ray
diffractometer, and composites with different volume fractions were synthesized by
finely dispersing the filler in the Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix followed by
compression molding. Dielectric properties (dielectric constant and loss) up to 1 MHz
were studied using an impedance analyzer. A high dielectric constant of 45 along with
an acceptable loss of 0.089 was obtained for an optimum filler volume of 50% at 1
kHz. Hence the composites can be effectively used for energy storage applications.
Vibration and Deflection Analysis of Quadrilateral Sandwich Plate with Functionally Graded Core
Authors: Bind Shivnandan , Kumar Manish , Kumar Sarangi Saroj
Published: December 2023

This chapter presents the analysis of the vibration and deflection of a
quadrilateral sandwich plate with a functionally graded core for different temperature
conditions. The plate is made of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced
composite (FG-CNTRC), and results are obtained with the help of ANSYS software.
The uniform distribution (UD), functionally grading V type distribution (FG-V),
functionally grading X type distribution, and functionally grading O type distribution
are the four different distributions of the reinforcements grading that are taken into
consideration as a core in the direction of thickness (FG-O). The uniformly distributed
grading is applied to the face plate for all the cases. Young's modulus, mass density,
and Poisson's ratio are all important material properties calculated by the extended rule
of mixture with the CNT efficiency parameter, accounting for size dependence.
Detailed analysis is done in this paper to reveal the effect of volume fraction and
temperature on the natural frequency and central deflection of the quadrilateral
sandwich plate, and compared it with the results of a normal quadrilateral plate.
Numerical results are obtained and presented using Ansys R17.2 and MATLAB. The
results suggested that UD-type grading has the highest natural frequency and lowest
central deflection compared to other types of functionally grading material.
Principle and Application of Smart Material in the Biosensing Field
Authors: Kumar Patnaik Tapan , Putel Asheem , Kumar Rout Rakesh , Shekhar Parida Sudhanshu
Published: December 2023

Biosensors are analytical devices that are broadly used for the detection of
chemical substances like tissue, organelles, cell receptors, enzymes, antibodies, etc.
Smart materials respond to the external impulse, and convert the impulse to readable
signals. Nowadays, smart materials are used in every requirement of a human being.
The various kinds of smart materials are the subject of extensive investigation. This
chapter examines the fundamental idea and practical use of smart materials in the
biosensing industry.
Experimental Investigation Of Tribological Behavior Of Tin-Based Babbitt And Brass Material
Authors: Babberwal Rohit Kumar , Bhausaheb Patil Raosaheb
Published: December 2023

The aim of the experiment is to investigate the tribological behavior of Brass
and tin-based babbitt materials. The experiment is conducted on a pin-on-disk wear test
machine at room temperature to analyze their effect on tribological behavior. The
experiment is conducted at various operating factors like load, sliding time and sliding
velocity under dry and lubrication conditions. Application of these materials is mostly
found in automobile bearing, precise instrument, railway bearing, aerospace and heavy
duty application. After conducting the experiment, it was noticed that tribological
behavior slightly changes at elevated temperatures. The use of oil lubricant improves
the tribological performance as compared to dry conditions by 18.56 times for tin-based babbitt alloy and by 2.19 times for brass material. Thus the performance of Brass
under oil lubrication is superior to tin-based Babbitt due to its hardness. Under dry
conditions, the wear rate of brass material is approximately four times that of wear in
tin-based Babbitt; thus, the service life of tin-based Babbitt is longer than brass
material under dry conditions.
Evolution of Gamma-Minus MIN
Authors: Gupta Shilpa
Published: December 2023

Gamma interconnection network is a fault-tolerant MIN with multipath
characteristics. Even though the gamma interconnection network has a multipath
between every source and every destination, it has the critical flaw of acting as a single
path MIN when the source address and destination address are the same. Hence, it is
important to modify such a prominent candidate so as to provide multiple paths in
every case, several modifications have been suggested by the researchers in the
literature. One such modification is fascinating as it provides multiple paths for every
case at a reduced cost. At the input and output stages, multiplexers and demultiplexers
are used to do this. The system is referred to as Gamma-Minus MIN. This chapter
includes further performance characteristics with the reliability assessment of GammaMinus MIN.
Design and Reliability Evaluation of SEGIN-Minus
Authors: Gupta Shilpa
Published: December 2023

It has been shown in the previous chapters that SEN and gamma
interconnection network are the best-known MIN and are highly explored in the
literature. It would be interesting to make a hybrid network comprising combined
characteristics of both networks. Few research works are available in the literature
which have explored this interesting topic and reliability evaluations have also been
presented. These networks are known as SEGIN and SEGIN-Minus MIN. In this
chapter, detailed reliability analyses of both networks have been presented and it is
shown that SEGIN-Minus MIN has better performance characteristics than the SEGIN
network.
Multistage Interconnection Network Design for Engineers
Authors: Gupta Shilpa
Published: December 2023

This text book provides a quick and easy understanding of multistage interconnection networks (MINs) for engineers. The book contents focus on the design, performance metrics, and evaluation of these networks which are crucial in modern computer architecture. The contents equip engineering students, apprentices and professionals with in-depth knowledge and analysis of MINS, enabling them to build complex computer architectures for efficient data communications and cost effective solutions for circuit design. The book starts with an introduction to MINS and subsequently progresses to the evaluation of a range of MINS (SEN, Gamma-Minus, FTSN, FTGN, SEGIN).

Key highlights of the book include:

Easy to understand notes on design, reliability and fault tolerance

Covers a wide range of MIN types with notes on design variants

Supplementary information aiding comprehension of the main content.

A curated list of references for further exploration and deeper understanding.
Pharmaceutico-Analytical and Antimicrobial Study on Pruthvisar Tailam
Authors: Gazala Khanam  , Anil Nagle  , R.K. Pati
Published: December 2023

Pruthvisar Tailam is one of the herbal preparations mentioned in Bhaishajya Ratnavali for the treatment of skin diseases. This is one of the rare formulations prepared by different and unique pharmaceutical process. This oil is prepared by Suryapakam process (oil and ingredients are mixed and subjected to strong sunlight till desired resultant is obtained). Sneha is a best media which can pass easily through the lipid membrane present in the skin. However very few research work has been done on this oil and oil based on Suryapakam process, also there is lack of enough analytical, anti-microbial and clinical evidences on the efficacy of the oil in skin ailments. Hence Pruthvisar Tailam is emerged as better and efficacious option for skin ailments with unique pharmaceutical procedure.
An open labelled clinical study to evaluate the effect of Manjistha Lepa on Savarnikarana of Vrana Vastu w.s.r. to scar
Authors: Sushma SV  , Rakesh RN  , Sahana Kamath
Published: December 2023

Vranavastu is the scar formed on the skin after the Vrana is healed. It remains for the rest of life even after the healing of Vrana is completed.[1] This Vranavastu forms discoloration of skin, to treat this discoloration of skin various procedures are explained in Vaikrutapaha Chikitsa[2] of Vrana, which helps to restore the normal skin color after healing.  Cosmetology[3] was given utmost importance even in the Vedic period. It emphasizes not only on physical beauty but also on psyche beauty for the purpose of attaining an admirable personality. Reference of Manjishta[4] used in skin disorders is mentioned in Charaka Samhitha under Varnya Gana. This study is carried out in a single group of 30 diagnosed cases of Vrana vasthu. This study is based on clinical evaluation of effect of   Manjishta Lepa in Vrana Vasthu. Obtained observations and results have been analyzed in terms of Ayurveda and Contemporary science.
Ayurvedic understanding of pathogenesis of Psoriasis in general
Authors: Rakhi Moon  , Madhava Diggavi
Published: December 2023

Psoriasis is an autoimmune, complex, multifactorial, non-infectious, chronic inflammatory relapsing skin disease characterized by erythematous plaques with silvery scales. Prevalence of the disease world-wide ranges from 0.09% to 11.4% of the total population. According to WHO, at least 100 million individuals suffer from psoriasis worldwide with a great negative impact on the quality of life. Immuno chemistry and auto immunity are well developed to explain changes in cell biology in case of psoriasis. Ayurveda has good success rate in the management of psoriasis. But to answer the query regarding pathogenesis of psoriasis as per ayurveda is not yet clear. Hence in the present paper an effort is made to understand the pathogenesis of psoriasis on par with current trends in psoriasis.
Management of a Bleeding Hemorrhoid by FGHAL and RAR - A Case Report
Authors: R. C. Yakkundi  , Savitri
Published: December 2023

A 52 year old male patient came to our SSRAMC hospital OPD with complaints of bleeding per rectum and mass during defecation. The case was diagnosed as ‘Raktarsha’ (bleeding piles) at 3 o’ clock caused due to Pitta and Rakta vitiation. Due to bleeding per rectum his hemoglobin was reduced to just 4.5grams. Blood transfusion was done at our hospital to increase his hemoglobin. FGHAL was performed with RAR in this case under LA. The pile mass and per rectal bleeding reduced in 6 days. The patient was relieved from all the symptoms in 14 days. No major complains were received after the procedure. Proctoscopic examination was done every week for 4 weeks which did not reveal any complications.
In Vivo Evaluation of Sothaghna Karma (Anti-Inflammatory Activity) of Bilwa (Aegle marmelos Corr.) Moola Twak and Patra - A Comparative Study
Authors: Huddar Shreedevi , Kumar Elleri Anup , Murunni Rekha
Published: December 2023

One of the characteristics of living tissues is its ability to react to injury, there occurs Inflammation. Inflammation is identified as a symptom according to modern science, whereas in Ayurveda, it is correlated to Sotha, considered as a separate clinical condition, mentioning its Lakshana’s (Signs & Symptoms) and Upadrava (Complications) in relation with several ailments. Since ancient times, human societies have searched several Sotha Hara Dravyas. In the literature of Ayurveda, Bilwa (Aegle marmelos Corr.) is mentioned as one of the Shwayathuhara / Sotha Hara Dravyas among Charaka Daseimani Ganas. The present study is taken up to evaluate the comparative Sothaghna Karma (Anti-inflammatory activity) of Bilwa Moola Twak and Patra of different solvent extracts to standard drug Indomethacin suspension in four different groups of albino rats. On statistical analysis of data Trial drug A when compared with Standard drug, the resultant ‘t’ value showed insignificant difference at P > 0.05. Trial drug B when compared with Standard drug, the resultant ‘t’ value showed insignificant difference at P > 0.05. Both trial drugs and standard drug showed similar results, where as Bilwa Moola Twak Kashaya and Patra Swarasa has significant action in inhibiting inflammation. Trial drugs in 2nd and 3rd groups showed insignificant difference, having similar anti q-inflammatory action. Based on the observations made and results obtained statistically, the Bilwa Moola Twak can be replaced with Patra for inhibiting Sotha.
Shrianna as Millet: A Sattvic superfood for holistic health in Ayurveda
Authors: Surbhi Bairwa  , Chanda Dodiyar  , Man Mohan Sharma  , Suman Meena
Published: December 2023

Millets are referred as ‘Shrianna’ nowadays. From the ancient period millets are being used in India as a prime food. The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) approved the International Year of Millets (IYM) 2023, which was proposed and supported by the Government of India. India hopes to establish itself as the "Global Hub for Millets" by boosting farmers’ incomes, creating livelihoods, and assuring the security of food and nutrition. The IYM will be observed globally. According to Ayurveda, millets are among the most important cereals for human nutrition. Millets are described with their descriptions, together with Gunas (properties) and Karmas (mode of action) in Ayurveda literature broadly.
Cancer - An Ayurvedic Understanding
Authors: Ninad Patwardhan
Published: December 2023

Cancer,[1] one of the deadly challenges, drastically in 21st century, has now officially become the most dangerous killer in the world according to the World Health Organization. No one can deny the fact that cancer is related to adversary of modernization and at once pattern of irregular and stressed life dominated by unhealthy lifestyle. An integral approach is needed to manage cancer using the growing body of knowledge, gained through signific developments. Thousands of herbal and traditional compounds are being screened worldwide to validate their use as anticancer drugs. Also, the Panchakarma - the detoxification procedures mentioned in Ayurvedic literatures are proving best in cancer treatment. The science of Ayurveda is supposed to add first step on to the curative aspects of cancer that have resemblance with clinical entities of Arbuda, and Granthi - mentioned in Sushrut Samhita. Hence and attempt is made in this review to discuss about pathology and therapeutic management of various diseases similar to cancer described in Ayurveda.
Therapeutic potential of Zingiber roseum Roxb.
Authors: Ansari Rosi  , Mishra H.S  , Agrawal Ajay Kumar
Published: December 2023

Zingiber roseum Roxb, commonly known as the pink porcelain lily or pink ginger, is a plant species celebrated for its ornamental beauty and intriguing medicinal properties. Traditionally, the plant is being used by traditional healers for the treatment of disorders of gastrointestinal tract in Kheri district of Uttar Pradesh. This plant has been reported to be used in traditional healing system in other parts of the world especially Southeast Asia. Its appropriation with any of the classical drug has not been done till date. Plant has been reported to contain a wide variety of phytochemicals which make it a potential plant drug to be used for therapeutic purposes. In pharmacological screening studies, biological activities like Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Immunomodulatory, Anticancer, Antiviral, Antifungal, Anti-inflammatory and many more have been demonstrated in different plant parts and fractions. Plant is considered to be native to Southeast Asia. It has been designated as endangered in IUCN plant list and needs attention. Present paper is an attempt to review different aspects pertaining to Z. roseum including botanical characteristics, phytochemical composition, and diverse therapeutic applications of Zingiber roseum.
Ayurvedic and contemporary view of Vishaghana Mahakashya
Authors: Gothwal Suman , Brijendra Singh Tomar  , Satbir Kumar Chawla
Published: December 2023

Charka Samhita is considered one of the oldest ancient medical books among all literary. Charka explained fifty Mahakashaya in the fourth chapter of Sutra-Sthan namely Shadvirechanshtashreeya. Each Mahakashya are named according to their action, for example Balya Mahakashaya increases strength. Each Mahakashaya has ten drugs. Among the fifty Mahakashaya. Laghu, Ruksha, Aashu, Vishad, Vyavayi, Tikshna, Vikaashi, Sookshma, Ushna, Anirdeshyarasa[1] are the ten properties of poisonous drugs. Drugs which act against toxic effect of substances are called as Vishaghna.[2] Vishaghanamahakashaya shows the anti-toxic effect by treating of Rakta and Pitta Dushti. The term Vishaghana and detoxification are same functionally. Vishaghana Mahakashaya Dravya denatures toxins, neutralise toxins and excretes toxins from the body. It includes Haridra (Curcuma longa), Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia), Suvahaa (Operculina turpethum), Sukshama Ela (Elettaria cardamomum), Paalindee (Hemidesmus indicus), Chandan (Santalum album), Kataka (Strychnos potatorum), Shirish (Albizzia lebbeck), Sinduvaara (Vitex negundo) and Shleshmaataka (Cordia dichotoma). Vishghanamahakashya has large area of therapeutic uses. The objective of this review article includes discussing different aspect of Vishghanamahakashya in Ayurvedic and contemporary aspects.
A case study on the management of Garbhini Chardi w.s.r. to Emesis Gravidarum
Authors: Sahil  , Jitesh Kumar Panda  , Suniti Tanwar
Published: December 2023

Pregnancy is regarded as the most delicate time in a women life. Maternal physiology is under continuous adaption throughout the pregnancy. One such bothersome side effect of such physiological changes occurring during pregnancy is Emesis Gravidarum which has significant impact on pregnant women life, including everyday functioning and general wellbeing. As Chardi is considered a Vyakta Garbha Lakshana it is not associated with much harm to growing fetus or mother and is therefore considered a physiological disorder; however, when it occurs frequently it develops into Hyperemesis Gravidarum, a pathological condition that require early intervention to prevent symptoms such as extreme dehydration, exhaustion weight loss, congenital problems in fetus and early labor etc. that could harm the developing fetus. In this study effort have been undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of Eladi Choorna in Garbhini Chardi.
The Potential of a Digital Weight Management Program to Support Specialist Weight Management Services in the UK National Health Service: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Richards Rebecca , Wren Gina , Whitman Michael
Published: December 2023

Background

Digital weight management interventions (DWMIs) have the potential to support existing specialist weight management services (SWMS) in the National Health Service (NHS) to increase access to treatment for people living with obesity and type 2 diabetes. At present, there is limited real-world evidence and long-term outcomes on the potential effectiveness of DWMIs to support such services.

Objective

This study aimed to examine real-world data to evaluate the impact of Second Nature’s 12-month DWMI for patients living with obesity with or without type 2 diabetes, referred from NHS primary care services, on sustained weight loss over a 2-year period.

Methods

Retrospective data were extracted in August 2023 for participants who participated in the program between January 1, 2017, and January 8, 2021. Eligible participants were adults with a BMI ≥35 kg/m2, with or without type 2 diabetes. The primary outcomes were weight change in kilograms and percentage weight change at 2 years. Secondary outcomes were weight loss at 1 year, program engagement, and the proportion of participants who achieved >5% and >10% weight loss. Differences in weight loss between baseline and the 1- and 2-year follow-up points were compared using paired 2-tailed t tests. Linear regression models were used to examine whether participants’ ethnicity, indices of multiple deprivation, presence of type 2 diabetes, or program engagement were associated with weight loss at 1 year or 2 years.

Results

A total of 1130 participants with a mean baseline BMI of 46.3 (SD 31.6) kg/m2 were included in the analysis. Of these participants, 65% (740/1130) were female (mean age 49.9, SD 12.0 years), 18.1% (205/339) were from Black, Asian, mixed, or other ethnicities, and 78.2% (884/1130) had type 2 diabetes. A total of 281 (24.9%) participants recorded weight readings at 2 years from baseline, with a mean weight loss of 13.8 kg (SD 14.2 kg; P<.001) or 11.8% (SD 10.9%; P<.001). A total of 204 (18.1%) participants achieved ≥5% weight loss, and 130 (11.5%) participants reached ≥10% weight loss. Weight loss did not significantly differ by ethnicity, indices of multiple deprivation, presence of type 2 diabetes, or engagement in the program.

Conclusions

The findings suggested that Second Nature’s DWMI has the potential to support people living with obesity and type 2 diabetes remotely to achieve clinically significant and sustained weight loss at 2 years from baseline. Further research is needed to compare the intervention to standard care and assess integration with multidisciplinary clinical teams and pharmacotherapy in order to support this study’s findings.
Urban Dendroflora of Dry Subtropics of the Northwestern Part of The Greater Caucasus on the Example of the City of Gelendzhik
Authors: Postarnak Yulia , Zhavoronkov V.
Published: December 2023

The article presents the results of the analysis of the species composition of the dendroflora of the city of Gelendzhik. The research covered 20 hectares of tree plantations. The route method and the transect method were used. In total, 30 transects were laid with a width of 5-20 m and the total length was 22 km. The routes covered all biotopes of natural (natural forest plantations on the outskirts of the city) and anthropogenic habitats (boarding houses, house territories of private households, spontaneous vegetation of roadsides and wastelands). True census of all tree and shrub species was carried out on the transects. Special attention was paid to rare species for which renewal and undergrowth were taken into account. The arboreal flora of Gelendzhik is represented by 110 species, which belong to 75 genera and 35 families. The predominant part of the dendroflora is represented by angiosperms (82.7%) and gymnosperms (13.7%). The families of Rosaceae, Cupressaceae and Fabaceae are most widely represented in the dendroflora of the city's green spaces (44%). The analysis of the species composition on their share of participation showed that the native fraction of the dendroflora prevails over the cultural one, which indicates its species richness. The analysis of the geographical element of the wild-growing fraction showed the heterogeneity of the dendroflora, in the formation of which 15 geographical elements take part. The largest number of species in the studied dendroflora belongs to the ancient Mediterranean group of geoelements. The significant participation of the Mediterranean and Caucasian geoelements indicates a high degree of autochthonicity in the development of the dendroflora of the city of Gelendzhik. Phanerophytes predominate among the life forms, represented equally by mesophanerophytes, nanophanerophytes and microphanerophytes. It should also be emphasized the significant participation of adventitious tree species (15.4% of the aboriginal fraction). Most of the adventitious species are of North American origin. The leading place in the quantitative spectrum is occupied by rare Mediterranean species Pinus brutia var. pityusa (Stev) Silba) (21% of the total number of studied individuals), Prunus mahaleb (L.) Vassilcz.) (7%), Pistacia atlantica Desf. (2.1%), which reflects the specifics of the dendroflora of the city of Gelendzhik.
Histograms of the Caspian Sea Hydrometeorological Parameters
Authors: Kostianoy Andrey , Lebedev Sergey , Bocharov Aleksandr , Kosolapov Il'ya , Tretiyak Il'ya , Volkov Daniil , Kravchenko P.
Published: December 2023

The article analyzes histograms of the distribution of the main hydrometeorological parameters of the Caspian Sea for 1980–2021 – air temperature, atmospheric pressure, absolute humidity, atmospheric precipitation and wind speed according to the MERRA-2 atmospheric reanalysis. Histograms were constructed for the entire study region of the Caspian Sea (36◦–48◦N, 45.625◦–55◦E), as well as separately for land and sea areas. The extremeness criteria were calculated based on the normal distribution and the real histogram for all 5 main meteorological parameters. A comparison was made of histograms obtained from MERRA-2 data and from weather station at Derbent located on the coast of the Caspian Sea. Distributions of average monthly wind speed, integral water vapor content and water vapor content in clouds over the Caspian Sea were also constructed according to microwave radiometry (SMMR, SSM/I) data for the time interval 1980–2021.
Optimization of surgical treatment for lower extremities and infrarenal aorta atherosclerosis
Authors: Shaprynskyi V. , Shaprynskyi Y.
Published: December 2023

Background. Atherosclerosis of the infrarenal aorta and lower extremities is a disease caused by hyperlipidemia, arterial hypertension, tobacco smoking, hyperglycemia, metabolic disorders, and physical inactivity The research aims to optimize surgical treatment and its effectiveness in patients with occlusions of the distal aorta and lower extremities. Materials and methods. For patients from the main group, diagnostic and prognostic tactics were used, addressing 18 major risk factors, which allowed to predict the presence or absence of risk for recurrent postoperative thrombosis, which could end in surgery to eliminate thrombosis, amputation, or death. For patients with severe calcification of the arterial wall, an improved surgical technique was used to reduce the rate of significant complications. Results. The results of treatment were analyzed in 98 patients with occlusive stenotic lesions of the main arteries as a consequence of obliterating atherosclerosis who were operated by the open method. Conclusions. The research outcomes indicated the importance of determining individual risk before surgery, as this allowed for planning the scope of the operation and choose appropriate access. These measures reduced the rate of postoperative complications. In addition, it became possible to gather patients into a group of standard treatment and those who need special monitoring, which improved early postoperative outcomes in the future such as early postoperative mortality and amputation rates. The study also analyzed the importance of active tactics for treating postoperative complications which reduce the risk of complications that lead to reoperation or amputation.
In Silico Approach for DNA Barcoding using Phylogenetic Analysis of Coelogyne spp. based on the matK, rpoC1, rbcL and nrDNA Markers
Authors: Pratiwi Apriliana , Kinasih Anggiresti , Meidianing Maura Indria , Kurniawan Febri Yuda , Semiarti Endang
Published: December 2023

In silico biology is considered as an effective and applicable approach to initiate various research, such as biodiversity taxonomical conservation. Phylogenetic analysis using in silico taxonomy method for orchid species can provide data on genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships. One particular method that can be used to evaluate specific targets of gene loci in the taxonomic study is DNA barcoding. This research was conducted to determine the specific target locus gene using matK, rbcL, rpoC1, and nrDNA markers for DNA barcoding of the Coelogyne genus with in silico approach using phylogenetic analysis. All marker sequences were collected from the NCBI website and analysed using several softwares and methods, namely Clustal X for sample sequence alignment and MEGA 11 for phylogenetic tree construction and analysis. The results showed that the gene locus in Coelogyne recommended was the nrDNA gene locus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the use of the nrDNA gene locus was able to separate 17 Coelogyne species with two outgroup species, namely Cymbidium and Vanilla, then followed with ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) while the other gene loci, namely maturase K (matK) and polymerase beta' subunit (rpoC1) provided a visual phylogenetic tree in which the two outgroup species entered into the same clade as the Coelogyne species. Thus, the results of this study can be used as a reference to support the Coelogyne breeding and conservation program.
The Status, Trends, and Limitations of Philippine Mollusk Production and Trade Based on Available Databases and Publications
Authors: Ordinario John Alberto H , Anticamara Jonathan A.
Published: December 2023

Mollusk trade is vital in many coastal areas and island communities throughout the Philippines because it provides livelihoods, food, and incomes to millions of Filipinos via fisheries (e.g., shellfish fishing and gleaning), shell craft, arts, shell trading and collections, and aquaculture. However, the assessments of the national trends and status of mollusc production and trade in the Philippines are largely non-existent in peer-reviewed literature. The main purpose of this paper is to present and evaluate the status and trends of traded Mollusks in the Philippines based on available online databases and a systematic review of published literature. To date, available databases on Philippine mollusk trade showed an initial increase in traded volume (the 1970s to 2006) but decreased afterward. In contrast, the traded mollusk value continued to generally increase over time (albeit the observed decrease between 2011 and 2016), indicating value increase as mollusk volume decreased. However, there is a great need to (1) resolve many of the obvious inconsistencies in data entries across all the available mollusk trade databases (BFAR, PSA, and CITES) and (2) provide field assessment of the Philippine mollusk trade and the conservation status of all traded mollusk taxa in the country.
Birds Species on Vertical Stratification of Mangrove Vegetation Nusa Lembongan, Bali Indonesia
Authors: Ginantra I Ketut , Muksin I Ketut , Joni Martin
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine the use of vertical stratification of mangrove vegetation by bird species in the mangrove ecosystem of Nusa Lembongan. The study was conducted at seven mangrove ecosystem sites, in April-July 2021. Observation of the number of birds in each vegetation strata was carried out using the point count method. The association of the use of vegetation strata by bird species was carried out by Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) statistical test. The results showed that total of 32 species are found in the mangrove ecosystem of Nusa Lembongan which belong to 26 families. There is a strong association between bird species and the vertical strata of vegetation. The species of birds associated with pure mangrove vegetation are; strata I, namely Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant,1769), Ardea purpurea Linnaeus, 1766, Sterna bergii M.H.K.Lichtenstein, 1823, Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758), and Pycnonotus aurigaster (Vieillot, 1818); strata II are Todiramphus chloris (Boddaert, 1783), Todirhamphus sanctus (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827), Alcedo coerulescens Vieillot, 1818 and Butorides striata (Linnaeus, 1758); strata III are Hypothymis azurea (Boddaert, 1783), Lanius schach Linnaeus, 1758, Merops philippinus Linnaeus, 1767, Nectarinia jugularis Linnaeus, 1766 and Gerygone sulphurea Wallace, 1864; strata IV are Collocalia linchi Horsfield & F.Moore,1854, Oriolus chinensis Linnaeus, 1766, Hirundo tahitica Gmelin,1789 and Pycnonotus goiaver (Scopoli, 1786). The bird species associated with mixed mangrove and dryland vegetation are strata I, namely species Turnix suscitator (J.F.Gmelin, 1789), Acridotheres javanicus Cabanis, 1851, Anthreptes malacensis (Scopoli, 1786), Passer domesticus (Linnaeus,1758), Pycnonotus aurigaster (Vieillot, 1818), Spilopelia chinensis (Scopoli, 1786) and Geopelia striata (Linnaeus, 1766); strata II, namely Alcedo coerulescens Vieillot, 1818, Zosterops chloris Bonaparte, 1850, Todirhamphus sanctus (Vigors and Horsfield,1827) and Todiramphus chloris (Boddaert, 1783); strata III, namely Anthreptes malacensis (Scopoli,1786), Cacomantis merulinus (Scopoli,1786), Hypothymis azurea (Boddaert,1783), Copsychus saularis (Linnaeus,1758), Nectarinia jugularis Linnaeus, 1766, Gerygone sulphurea Wallace, 1864 and Merops philippinus Linnaeus,1767; strata IV, namely Collocalia linchi Horsfield & F.Moore,1854, Hirundo tahitica Gmelin,1789 and Corvus sp. Factors influencing strata preference by birds are resources, both food and space, as well as the bioecological characteristics of the birds themselves.
Notes on The Current Distribution and Abundance of The Frog Genus Leptophryne spp. (Anura: Bufonidae) in Gede Pangrango National Park
Authors: Noer Mohamad Isnin , Intani Ratih Tryas , Prasetya Priya Yuga , Lestari Alvita Dwi , Darmawan Boby
Published: December 2023

We reported the current distribution of Leptophryne spp. in Gede Pangrango National Park. Leptophryne cruentata was recorded in Cibodas (Cikundul waterfall and Goa Lalay), Selabintana (Cibeureum Waterfall), and Goalpara (Rasta Waterfall), whereas Leptophryne borbonica was only reported from a creek at lowland forest of Bodogol. Goa Lalay and Rasta waterfall were explicitly reported as new distribution locations of Leptophryne cruentata. It was strictly found at a higher elevation usually within reach of waterfalls that generate substantial background noise, except in Cibodas in which Leptophryne cruentata can also be found in two noisy creeks located at a fairly great distance from waterfalls (100 – 170 meters).
Spatial Distribution of Cedrela Odorata Smaller Trees Affects Forest Regeneration in Exotic Tree Plantations in Central Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Vroh Bi Tra Aimé , Koné Abdoulaye
Published: December 2023

Cedrela odorata L. was introduced as a possible forest restauration species in classified forests at Côte d’Ivoire. Because of its demonstrated invasive behavior in other tropical forests, this study aimed to assess the impact of Cedrela odorata on the regeneration of spontaneous plant species in tree plantations. On the base of Cedrela odorata larger tree densities, two types of forest plantation were considered: Type I (240 stems/ha) and Type II (176 stems/ha). In these plantations, plots with 0.25 ha were chosen to locate each tree with dbh ≥ 2.5 cm, in an orthonormal reference. The tree density, the basal area, the species richness, the Shannon diversity index and the rank-abundance curves were determined considering smaller and larger trees. The horizontal spatial arrangement and Ripley’s K function were performed to understand the spatial relationship between Cedrela odorata smaller trees and those of spontaneous species. The results shown lower spontaneous plant species richness (15-20 species) and diversity (1.15 - 1.43); the dominance of Cedrela odorata smaller trees (43.02 – 62.95 % of all stems). The Cedrela odorata smaller trees and those of other species have dependent spatial distributions; expressed by a spatial repulsion between the two groups up to a distance of 18 m in the most densified forest plantation. This repulsion was related to an aggregated distribution of Cedrela odorata smaller trees in plantation with higher tree density. The study suggests a 170-stems/ha (or lower) of Cedrela odorata planting density for biodiversity establishment improvement outcomes in forest plantations.
Bioremediation of Mercury- Polluted Water in Free Water Surface-Constructed Wetland System by Euglena sp. and Echinodorus palifolius (Nees & Mart.) J.F. Macbr.
Authors: Siswanti Dwi Umi , Daryono Budi Setiadi , Petrus Himawan Tri Bayu Murti , Suyono Eko Agus
Published: December 2023

Mercury accumulation in the aquatic environment can be highly harmful. The body takes mercury vapor through the lungs, then absorbs mercury metal through the digestive system, and then the blood carries the metal to the brain. Bioremediation is the process of breaking down or converting harmful compounds into non-toxic forms, which can be accomplished through phytoremediation or phycoremediation. The goal of this study was to examine the growth and anatomy of Euglena sp. after being cultured in the mercury-containing FWS-CW waste treatment system. The ability of Euglena sp. and Echinodorus palifolius to bioremediate mercury at different concentration as well as association and non-association treatments. This study was carried out in a bioreactor known as FSW-CW (Free Water Surface-Constructed Wetlands). Plant growth (plant height and number of leaves), chlorophyll content, diameter of root and petiole, metaxylem diameter of root, petiole, and leaves, cortical thickness of root and leaves, and petiole anatomy were all measured. Water temperature, pH, salinity, and light intensity were all measured as environmental parameters. Mercury treatment reduced Euglena density (183.5 cells. mL-1103 in control and 12.6 cells. mL-1103 in 100 ppm mercury treatment) and number of E. palifolius leaves, but not plant height and chlorophyll. Root and petiole diameters were affected by the mercury treatment, petiole diameter decreased unless the concentration was 100 ppm, whereas root diameter actually increased. The diameter of the root metaxylem increased, but the petioles and leaves, as well as the thickness of the root cortex, did not provide a significant response. The growth of E. palifolius was still optimal in the presence of Euglena in mercury-containing medium.
Music Genre Classification by Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Varma G. Hasini
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Music plays a very important role in people’s lives. Music brings like-minded people together and is the glue that holds communities together. Communities can be recognized by the type of songs that they compose, or even listen to the purpose of our project and research is to find a better machine learning algorithm than the pre-existing models that predicts the genre of songs. Genres can be defined as categorical labels created by humans to identify or characterize the style of music. The concept of automatic music genre classification has become very popular in recent years as a result of the rapid growth of the digital entertainment industry. offering the potential to enhance a wide range of visual-based applications.
Blockchain and AI in Reducing Inventory Fraud and Errors
Authors: Singh Navdeep , Adhikari Daisy
Published: December 2023

Abstract: This paper examines the integration of Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing inventory management. It highlights how these technologies synergistically improve accuracy and efficiency, significantly reducing fraud and errors. The study explores Blockchain's secure ledger and AI's predictive analytics, emphasizing their practical applications in various industries. Challenges such as technical complexities and ethical considerations, including data privacy and regulatory compliance, are also addressed. The paper concludes by discussing the implications for businesses and researchers, underscoring the transformative impact of these technologies in inventory management and the necessity for ongoing innovation and ethical vigilance
Advancements and Challenges in Electromobility: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: G Darshan Gowda S , Dharawadmath Shivarudrayya I , R Ullas H , D Yogendra , K Sushma , N Prapulla , Kerur Mohammad Ayaan M , C Rajeshwari H
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Electromobility, encompassing electric vehicles (EVs) and associated technologies, has emerged as a promising solution to mitigate environmental impacts and reduce reliance on fossil fuels in the transportation sector. This review article aims to systematically analyze the advantages and disadvantages of electromobility, covering technological, environmental, economic, and societal aspects. By synthesizing current research findings, this review provides insights into the opportunities and challenges facing the widespread adoption of electromobility.