bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personality Traits and Consumer Behavior in the Mobile Context
Authors: Varnali Kaan
Published: December 2012

Research focusing on consumer behavior in the mobile context is rapidly accumulating. However, the role of personality traits in explaining and predicting users’ perceptions regarding mobile services and behavior within the mobile context is conspicuously under-researched. If consumers are considered as dispositional entities, this lack of researcher interest on the role of personality traits on the value creation processes of mobile consumers should be scrutinized. Striving to provide guidance as to why and how to incorporate personality-based variables within prospective research models attempting to explain and predict consumer behavior in the mobile context, this research critically assesses the-state-of-the-art and presents a conceptual discussion regarding related future research avenues.
Behavioral Intention Towards Mobile Banking in India
Authors: Selvan N. Thamarai , Arasu B. Senthil , Sivagnanasundaram M.
Published: December 2012

The rapid growth of mobile technologies and devices makes it possible for the customers of banking services to conduct banking at any place and at any time. Today, most of the banks in the world provide mobile access to its customers for banking as mobile banking systems improve their efficiency and reduce transaction costs. Banks invested heavily in the mobile banking system hoping that its customers would embrace it with open arms. Contrary to the expectation, the lukewarm patronage to mobile banking makes it crucial to understand the factors that contribute to users’ intention to use mobile banking. This study extends the applicability of technology acceptance model (TAM) to the mobile banking context. Based on the review of literature, few additional constructs were added to the TAM. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the casual relationships proposed. Findings of the study support the proposed model’s ability of explaining the users’ intention to adopt mobile banking.
Measuring Interoperability Readiness in South Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean
Authors: Markaki Ourania I. , Charalabidis Yannis , Askounis Dimitris
Published: December 2012

This paper introduces the Interoperability Observatory, a structured research effort for measuring interoperability readiness in the regions of South Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean, supported by the Greek Interoperability Centre. The motivation for this effort derives from the fact that, although interoperability is a key element for public administration and enterprises effective operation, and an important enabler for cross-country cooperation, a standard framework for benchmarking interoperability developments at country level is currently not in place. Interoperability-related information is highly fragmented in different ICT, e-Government and e-Business reports. In this context, in the core of the Interoperability Observatory lies the definition of a structured collection of metrics and indicators, associated with the dimension of interoperability-governance, and a mechanism for gathering with regard to the latter suitable information for a number of countries from various sources. The ultimate goal is the use of this information towards the directions of raising awareness on the countries’ interoperability status, promoting best practice cases and benchmarking.
Grid Technology for Archive Solutions in Health Care Organizations
Authors: Previtali Pietro
Published: December 2012

The main aim of this chapter is to evaluate a Grid technology (GT) for Archive Solutions in terms of relevant features for Health Care Organizations (HCOs), and with particular attention to technical and organizational issues. The method used was a case study approach that was conducted during the months of March, April, and May 2011, applying a mix of random sampling (randomly selected interviewees from our directory) and “snowball” sampling (contacting interviewees through leads). The research shows that the introduction of grid technologies in HCOs maybe is still premature. However, a grid solution unquestionably led to some important benefits, so the author suggests a “progressive and gradual approach” to its implementation, aiming for further research on this topic.
Motivating Cybersecurity
Authors: Lawson Sean
Published: December 2012

Based on an analysis of key policy documents and statements from civilian policymakers, military leaders, and cybersecurity experts, this chapter demonstrates that although there is still concern over cyber threats to critical infrastructure, other threat objects have begun to figure more prominently in public policy discourse about cybersecurity in the United States. In particular, intellectual property and government secrets are now identified most often as the primary object of cyber threats. When critical infrastructure is mentioned, it is often used as a motivational tactic, with collapse of critical infrastructure serving as a central theme of hypothetical scenarios meant to motivate a policy response. This chapter documents and critically evaluates this shift in U.S. cybersecurity discourse.
Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming
Authors: Monteiro Jânio M. , Cruz Rui S. , Patrikakis Charalampos Z. , Papaoulakis Nikolaos C. , Calafate Carlos Tavares , Nunes Mário S.
Published: December 2012

The Internet as a video distribution medium has seen a tremendous growth in recent years. Currently, the transmission of major live events and TV channels over the Internet can easily reach hundreds or millions of users trying to receive the same content using very distinct receiver terminals, placing both scalability and heterogeneity challenges to content and network providers. In private and well-managed Internet Protocol (IP) networks these types of distributions are supported by specially designed architectures, complemented with IP Multicast protocols and Quality of Service (QoS) solutions. However, the Best-Effort and Unicast nature of the Internet requires the introduction of a new set of protocols and related architectures to support the distribution of these contents. In the field of file and non-real time content distributions this has led to the creation and development of several Peer-to-Peer protocols that have experienced great success in recent years. This chapter presents the current research and developments in Peer-to-Peer video streaming over the Internet. A special focus is made on peer protocols, associated architectures and video coding techniques. The authors also review and describe current Peer-to-Peer streaming solutions.
A Generic Context Interpreter for Pervasive Context-Aware Systems
Authors: Chien Been-Chian , He Shiang-Yi
Published: December 2012

Developing pervasive context-aware systems to construct smart space applications has attracted much attention from researchers in recent decades. Although many different kinds of context-aware computing paradigms were built of late years, it is still a challenge for researchers to extend an existing system to different application domains and interoperate with other service systems due to heterogeneity among systems This paper proposes a generic context interpreter to overcome the dependency between context and hardware devices. The proposed generic context interpreter contains two modules: the context interpreter generator and the generic interpreter. The context interpreter generator imports sensor data from sensor devices as an XML schema and produces interpretation scripts instead of interpretation widgets. The generic interpreter generates the semantic context for context-aware applications. A context editor is also designed by employing schema matching algorithms for supporting context mapping between devices and context model.
Extracting Sentiment Patterns from Syntactic Graphs
Authors: Pak Alexander , Paroubek Patrick
Published: December 2012

Sentiment analysis and opinion mining became one of key topics in research of social media and social networks. Polarity classification, i.e. determining whether a text expresses a positive attitude or a negative one, is a basic task of sentiment analysis. Based on traditional information retrieval techniques, such as topic detection, many researchers use a bag-of-words or an n-gram model to represent an analyzed text. Regardless of its simplicity, such a representation loses latent information contained in relations between words in a sentence. The authors consider this information to be important for sentiment analysis and thus propose a novel method for representing a text based on graphs extracted from sentence linguistic parse trees. The new method preserves the information of words relations and can replace a standard n-gram model. In this chapter, the authors give a description of their approach and present results of conducted experimental evaluations that prove the benefits of their text representation. In the authors’ experiments, they work with English and French languages; however, their approach is generic and can be easily adapted to other languages.
Analyzing Social Networks to Mine Important Friends
Authors: Leung Carson K.-S. , Medina Irish J. M. , Tanbeer Syed K.
Published: December 2012

The emergence of Web-based communities and social networking sites has led to a vast volume of social media data, embedded in which are rich sets of meaningful knowledge about the social networks. Social media mining and social network analysis help to find a systematic method or process for examining social networks and for identifying, extracting, representing, and exploiting meaningful knowledge—such as interdependency relationships among social entities in the networks—from the social media. This chapter presents a system for analyzing the social networks to mine important groups of friends in the networks. Such a system uses a tree-based mining approach to discover important friend groups of each social entity and to discover friend groups that are important to social entities in the entire social network.
News Document Summarization Driven by User-Generated Content
Authors: Cagliero Luca , Fiori Alessandro
Published: December 2012

Experiments performed on real collections of news articles and driven by on-topic Twitter posts show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Training of Avatar Moderator in Sliding Mode Control Environment for Virtual Project Management
Authors: Mkrttchian Vardan , Stephanova Galina
Published: December 2012

This chapter describes a development of algorithms, software, and hardware for avatar management and avatar moderator training systems, using the principle of practical tendency in sliding mode control environment and illustrating its applicability in virtual communications project management. The avatar is a computer-synthesized animated three-dimensional model, acting as a virtual representation of a real person, or as a visualization of the communication system of artificial intelligence. It is required to develop and evaluate realistic avatar interfaces as portals to intelligent software capable of relaying knowledge and skills in various subject areas. The chapter focuses on integrating speaker-independent continuous speech recognition, context technology of intelligent dialogue system in real-time, graphics rendering based on motion capture (motion capture is used by avatar to accompany the verbal information with gestures), and the development of applied information systems with avatar technology for different subject areas. Thus, created algorithms, software, and hardware are now use in collaboration works at the Astrakhan State University (Russian Federation) and at HHH University (Australian Federation and the Republic of Armenia) for the development of avatars for project management in design of real virtual control systems.
Strategic Planning for Online Learning
Authors: Kiliç Figen
Published: December 2012

Globalization has brought along competition, and thereby, the concept of strategic planning. Strategic planning is of paramount importance in terms of minimizing uncertainties of the future and achieving sustainable competition superiority. Strategic planning which involves participation of each person from a every level within an organization and full support of organization manager and aim at achieving results mean stakeholders’ playing an active role in determination of requirements and expectations, stakeholders’ and policy makers’ opinion, mission, targets and performance measurement of organization (Küçüksüleymanoglu, 2008). It is not possible for organizations to have sustainable competition superiority without strategic planning and although it is not a type of plan that is drawn for one time only, planning process is a type of process which requires participation of all stakeholders within and outside organization (Demir and Yilmaz, 2010). A different path is pursued when strategic planning is applied at education organizations; because education organizations are not managed like private institutions, therefore, strategic planning at education must be able to respond to surrounding cultural, social, technological, environmental and economic changes. This study has focused on importance of strategic planning for online learning and variables affecting planning have been considered.
Towards Sustainable Mining
Authors: Jarvie-Eggart Michelle Edith
Published: December 2012

Early efforts to address sustainability within the mining industry (GMI and ICMM) did not create a common set of protocols by which individual operations could be clearly ranked on their performance. The Mining Association of Canada’s Towards Sustainable Mining (TSM) program provides protocols to address biodiversity, tailings management, crisis management, safety and health, energy/GHGs, and aboriginal/community engagement. The TSM program has been mandatory for MAC members to implement at their Canadian operations since 2004. Progress along these indicators shows how well the industry is doing at addressing sustainability along each concept, and where further progress is still needed.
A Systemic Approach to Organizational Safety Modeling and Analysis
Authors: Sharpanskykh Alexei
Published: December 2012

The structural and behavioral complexity of modern safety-critical organizations, such as incident management organizations, air navigation service providers, power plants, increases with every passing year. Such organizations are characterized by nonlinear dynamics involving many interrelated actors and processes. Safety issues that emerge from these complex dynamics remain increasingly hidden, until an incident or even a serious accident occurs. Traditional safety analysis methods developed long ago for much simpler organizations cannot help identifying, explaining and predicting many safety-related properties of modern organizations. To address this issue, in the paper a formal approach is proposed to establish relations between local dynamics of actors of a complex safety-critical organization and global safety-related properties that emerge from these dynamics. In contrast to the traditional approaches the organizational dynamics are specified by taking the agent perspective with an organizational layer. The approach is illustrated by a simulation case study, in which spread of safety-critical information in an air navigation service provider is investigated.
Assessing and Managing Organizational Climate in Healthcare Organizations
Authors: Carlucci Daniela , Schiuma Giovanni
Published: December 2012

During the past two decades a renewed interest about the role of intangible resources in determining performances of public services organisations has risen. This is particularly valid for HealthCare (HC) services, as they are knowledge intensive services and their performance are closely related, as the vast majority of their outputs, to intangible resources. Recently, scholars have examined the relevance of organisational climate for gathering outstanding performance in HC services. Literature suggests that organisational climate is a multifaceted concept deeply rooted in the intangible domain of an organisation. Several intangible resources intervene to shape organisational climate. Following this, the study shows how Intellectual Capital (IC) provides a useful and fresh frame for analysing intangible components of organisational climate and planning initiatives for their effective management. Especially, the examination of organisational climate through IC lens is proposed both as diagnosing tool for identifying elements which are hindering productivity, effectiveness and quality of HC services, and as tool for supporting managers in designing management initiatives aimed to enhance organisational performances by leveraging organisational climate. The study is based on the Action Research (AR) methodology and illustrates the results of an AR project, carried out at a public hospital.
Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Solving Educational Timetabling Problems
Authors: Bolaji Asaju La’aro , Khader Ahamad Tajudin , Al-Betar Mohammed Azmi , Awadallah Mohammed A.
Published: December 2012

This paper presents an artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) for Education Timetabling Problem (ETP). It is aimed at developing a good-quality solution for the problem. The initial population of solutions was generated using Saturation Degree (SD) and Backtracking Algorithm (BA) to ensure the feasibility of the solutions. At the improvement stage in the solution method, ABC uses neighbourhood structures iteratively within the employed and onlooker bee operators, in order to rigorously navigate the UTP search space. The technique was evaluated using curriculum-based course timetabling (CB-CTT) and Uncapacitated Examination Timetabling Problem (UETP) problem instances. The experimental results on UETP showed that the technique is comparable with other state-of-the-art techniques and provides encouraging results on CB-CTT.
A Hybrid Strategic Development and Prioritization Model for Information and Communication Technology Enhancement
Authors: Tavana Madjid , Yousefpoor Narges
Published: December 2012

The information and communication technology (ICT) sector has fostered the growth of several developed and developing countries. Recent studies on ICT-related businesses indicate that focusing on national policies is insufficient and underlines the importance of local and/or regional policies in promoting ICT. The authors propose a hybrid strategic development and prioritization framework for ICT enhancement and use the Delphi method and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis to assist the formulation of the ICT strategies. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to weigh the SWOT factors and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method is used to prioritize the ICT strategies. A comprehensive action plan with internal and external indices is derived from the strategic evaluation and assessment process to monitor the ICT enhancement progress. An application of the proposed framework is presented to demonstrate the simplicity and efficacy of the procedures and algorithms in a three-year study conducted for the State Office of Higher Education in a developing country.
A Test of Wagner’s Heuristics for the Spare Parts Inventory Control Problem
Authors: Kurtulus Ibrahim S.
Published: December 2012

Over the years, Wagner’s (1975) heuristic rules appealed to the practitioners because they had simple data requirements, were easy to understand and hence easy to apply. In his algorithmic solution, Wagner assumes that the exact distribution of demand (during lead time) is known. If such a distribution is not available, he recommends using the normal distribution. The author’s purpose is to compare the cost of the solutions provided by Wagner’s (1975) heuristics to optimal (Archibald & Silver, 1978) and determine their quality. Their second goal is to perform sensitivity analysis on the results with respect to demand’s skewness, the ratio of ordering cost to carrying cost. The author’s third goal is to use as much actual data as they possibly can.
A Literature Review on the Business Impacts of Social Network Sites
Authors: Hanafizadeh Payam , Ravasan Ahad Zare , Nabavi Ali , Mehrabioun Mohammad
Published: December 2012

Social network sites (SNSs) such as MySpace, Facebook, and Youtube have attracted millions of users, many of whom have integrated these sites into their daily practices. There are hundreds of SNSs, with various technological affordances, supporting a wide range of interests and practices. However, the impact of SNSs is increasingly pervasive, with activities ranging from economic and marketing to social and educational. Among the wide impacts of social network sites, they are, anecdotally, becoming increasingly important in today’s businesses. Thus, the purpose of this study is to present a literature review of and classification scheme for research works in business impacts of SNSs, with the aim of clarifying the ways SNSs impact businesses. The review covers 28 journal articles published from 2000 to 2011 and a few months of 2012. The 28 articles classified SNS applications in businesses into six distinct categories: the “marketing and advertising,” “knowledge management,” “social capital,” “relationship management,” “e-commerce,” and “economic model.” The findings reveal that “marketing and advertising” were the most frequently category has been considered in the literature. This review provides a source for discovering business impacts of social network sites and will help to simulate further interest in the area.
Beroep op die skrif in die vorm van etiese standpunte, Deel 2: ’n Etiese verstaan van die vrou in die Bybel
Authors: Rheeder Adriaan L.
Published: December 2012

In ’n vorige artikel is beredeneer dat die grammaties-historiese metode van Skrifuitleg as kreatuurlike geskrif nie meer voldoende is vir alleengebruik in Skrifvertolking nie en dat dit met ander uitgangspunte aangevul moet word. In aansluiting by twee hermeneutiese uitgangspunte wat in ’n vorige artikel behandel is (Rheeder), word in hierdie artikel ’n verdere drie hermeneutiese vertrekpunte bespreek, naamlik teenkultuur, nie-wetenskaplike skopus en moreel-etiese vertolking. Die teenkulturele vertrekpunt gaan uit van die oortuiging dat outentieke getuienis in die Skrif gevind word in dit wat verskil (afwyk) van die omliggende antieke kultuur, terwyl die nie-wetenskaplike skopus vertrekpunt uit gaan van die standpunt dat wetenskaplike (of empiriese) kennis in die Bybel buite die skopus of bedoeling van die Skrif staan. Die moreel-teologiese vertolking as vertrekpunt van die standpunt uitgaan dat ’n moreel-teologiese beoordeling van liefde die keuse tussen twee konflikterende, maar beide aanvaarbare, interpretasies moet begelei. Daar word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat ’n etiese verstaan van die posisie van die vrou beteken dat die vrou as gelykwaardig aan die man beskou en so behandel moet word, wat beteken dat die vrou, net soos die man, tot enige amp in die kerk toegelaat mag word.Appeal to Scriptures in the formation of an ethical point of view: An ethical understanding of women in the Bible. In a previous article it was argued that the grammatical-historical method  of  Bible  exposition  was  no  longer  sufficient  as  sole  method  and  should  be supplemented with other hermeneutical points of departure. Following the discussion of two hermeneutical points in a previous article (Rheeder), this article will discuss three other hermeneutical points of departure, namely counterculture, non-scientific scope and moral-ethical interpretation. The counter-cultural point of departure is based on the belief that authentic witness in Scripture is found in that which is different (that which deviates) from the surrounding ancient culture, while a non-scientific scope starts from the view that scientific (or empirical) knowledge in the Bible is outside the scope or intent of Scripture. The point of departure of the moral-theological interpretation is the view that a moral-theological evaluation of love should inform the choice between two conflicting but mutually acceptable interpretations. It is concluded that an ethical understanding of women in the Bible means that women should be regarded and treated as equal to men, which leads to the further conclusion that all offices in the church should be open to women.
Résidus médicamenteux et eau destinée à la consommation humaine
Authors: Deblonde Tiphanie , Dreyer Marion , Hartemann Philippe
Published: December 2012

La France est un grand consommateur de produits pharmaceutiques à usage humain, avec en moyenne 48 boîtes par an et par habitant pour 2011. La mise en évidence dans les années 1980 de molécules à visée thérapeutique dans les eaux usées a mis en exergue cette pollution. Depuis, de nombreuses publications sur le sujet ont montré que la plupart des milieux aqueux contiennent des résidus médicamenteux. L’industrie pharmaceutique, l’excrétion par le patient, les rejets par les établissements de soins et la mise à l’évier des médicaments non consommés sont les sources de cette pollution. Ces différents effluents arrivent généralement dans des stations d’épuration non conçues pour éliminer les polluants d’origine organique. Pour certaines classes thérapeutiques, les stations d’épuration ont un rendement d’élimination plus élevé que d’autres ; par exemple, pour les antidépresseurs, le rendement est de l’ordre de 90-100 %, les antibiotiques d’environ 50 %, alors que les antiépileptiques ne sont pas éliminés. Le rejet quotidien de ces molécules leur confère une pseudo-persistance dans l’environnement. En effet, certaines molécules comme le Clofibrate ou la Codéine ont une demi-vie supérieure à 365 jours alors que pour d’autres, comme le Paracétamol, cette demi-vie est inférieure à un jour. D’après un rapport du laboratoire National de Recherche et d’Hydrologie, environ 14 molécules pharmaceutiques sont retrouvées dans les eaux destinées à la consommation humaine (EDCH) et la provenance de l’eau (souterraine ou superficielle) n’a pas d’influence sur la nature des molécules retrouvées mais seulement sur les quantités. Les concentrations maximales retrouvées dans l’EDCH sont nettement inférieures aux doses thérapeutiques ; cependant, des études sur les effets chroniques de ces molécules à faibles doses semblent nécessaires ainsi qu’une politique préférentielle de molécule ayant le plus faible impact écotoxicologique à efficacité thérapeutique identique.
Grid to vehicle and vehicle to grid energy transfer using single-phase half bridge boost AC-DC converter and bidirectional DC - DC converter
Authors: Verma Arun Kumar , Singh Bhim , Shahani D.T.
Published: December 2012

A system configuration based on a single-phase unity power factor (PF) half-bridge boost converter and bidirectional DC-DC converter based energy transfer from electrical vehicle to grid(V2G) and grid to vehicle (G2V) is proposed with detailed analysis. The efficiency of this conversion system is high because there is only one series semiconductor on-state voltage drop at any instant. The analytical results are verified through simulation using switched and averaged circuit models of the system at 230V AC input and DC output. The simulation result demonstrates an improved power factor at AC mains. In the second stage, a bidirectional buck–boost DC-DC converter is used to charge and discharge the battery of the PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle). In discharging mode, it delivers energy back to the grid at 230V, 50 Hz. A battery with the charging power of 3.6 kW at 240V is used in PHEV. The buck-boost DC-DC converter is used in buck mode to charge and in a boost mode to discharge the battery.Keywords: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), Half Bridge Boost AC-DC converter, DC-DC converter, Vehicle to grid (V2G), Bidirectional DC-DC converter, Power quality
Design and control of a DSTATCOM for power quality improvement using cross correlation function approach
Authors: Singh Bhim , Arya Sabha Raj
Published: December 2012

This paper presents the design of a three phase DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) and its control algorithm based on correlation and cross correlation function approach for power quality improvement under linear/ nonlinear loads in a distribution system. In this approach, an extraction of fundamental active and reactive power components of load currents is based on correlation and cross correlation functions in time domain. For estimation of fundamental active and reactive power components of load currents, a numerical integration is applied in correlation and cross correlation function. The DSTATCOM is modeled under linear and nonlinear loads and its performance is simulated in the MATLAB environment using SIMULINK and Sim Power System (SPS) toolboxes. The performance of DSTATCOM is found satisfactory under time varying and unbalanced loads.Keywords: Correlation and cross-correlation coefficients, DSTATCOM, Power factor correction, Zero voltage regulation
Optimization of Conversion of High Free Fatty Acid Jatropha curcas Oil to Biodiesel Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Goyal Prerna , Sharma M. P. , Jain Siddharth
Published: December 2012

A five-level-four-factor central composite design (CCD) with 54 assays was employed to study the effect of catalyst concentration (NaOH), reaction temperature, reaction time, and methanol/oil molar ratio on the methyl esters yield from Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) during its transesterification. Using response surface methodology (RSM), a quadratic polynomial equation was obtained for Jatropha curcas biodiesel (JCB) yield by regression analysis. Verification experiments confirmed the validity of the predicted model. The high free fatty acids (FFAs) (14.6%) of JCO could be reduced to 0.34% by acid-catalyzed esterification and a JCB yield of 98.3% was obtained with methanol/oil ratio (11 : 1) using NaOH as catalyst (1% w/w) in 110 min time at 55°C temperature. The predicted value of JCB yield is found to be in good agreement with the experimental value at the optimum level of input parameters. The properties of the biodiesel, thus, produced conform to the ASTM and IS specifications, making it an ideal alternative fuel for diesel engines. The model can be effectively used in oil industry to maximize the biodiesel yield from given oil.
An Overview of Algorithms for Network Survivability
Authors: Kuipers F. A.
Published: December 2012

Network survivability—the ability to maintain operation when one or a few network components fail—is indispensable for present-day networks. In this paper, we characterize three main components in establishing network survivability for an existing network, namely, (1) determining network connectivity, (2) augmenting the network, and (3) finding disjoint paths. We present a concise overview of network survivability algorithms, where we focus on presenting a few polynomial-time algorithms that could be implemented by practitioners and give references to more involved algorithms.
The Houses That Cried
Authors: Parnell Jo (Joan-Annette)
Published: December 2012

This essay revisits physically and metaphysically the houses of the author's childhood, in an attempt to discover and recover a sense of self from the architecture of her past. From suburban houses in the Eastern and South Western suburbs of Sydney, to the Gothic turrets of Dalwood Children’s Home on the Northern Beaches (which, in the 1930s and 1940s was advertised as ‘The House on Happiness Hill’) and to a foster home now found to have a Child Safety House sign on the front veranda, the discrepancies of time and memory are conjured up in narrative, and hand-drawn image and photography.
I prologhi nei Commenti patristici ai profeti tra quarto e quinto secolo
Authors: Ciarlo Domenico ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: December 2012

The prologues to the patristic commentaries on the Prophets offer an opportunity to compare these prefaces in practice. Prologues written by Cyril of Alexandria, Theodore of Mopsuestia and Theodoret of Cyrus are the most similar among the Greeks, where some common points can be identified. Much shorter are the prologues written by Didymus the Blind and John Chrysostom. Longer, although with an unusual preamble, is the prologue to the comment on Isaiah which has been attributed to Basil of Caesarea. The common trait of all Greek patristic prologues lies in their impersonality, their objectivity, their scientific qualities. Among the Latins, the exuberance of Jerome’s prologues stands out with its prevailing personal traits. The reason for this difference between the Greek and Roman Fathers’ prologues has to be identified in Greek and Latin profane literature. Cicero in particular, allows for a better understanding of many peculiarities in Jerome’s prologues.
The Economic Impact of High Consequence Zoonotic Pathogens: Why Preparing for these is a Wicked Problem
Authors: Miller Gay Y. , Parent Katie
Published: December 2012

Abstract: This paper reviews literature on the economic impacts of outbreaks and control strategies for high consequence zoonotic priority diseases, ie. zoonotic diseases that are generally FADs, zoonotic diseases that occur rarely, or zoonotic diseases that have bioterrorist potential sufficient to be important for the United States. Such diseases are referred to here as zoonotic priority diseases (ZPDs). These ZPDs are categorized into three levels of economic impact: high, moderate, and low with the recognition that there are aspects of each of these diseases that could make the categorization presented here inaccurate. Arguments are made for why determination of optimal ZPD and more generally FAD preparedness and response strategies are wicked problems. The paper concludes with the implications for further development of appropriate ZPD policy and some needs for further analyses.
Reconstruction personnelle et critique sociale. Enjeux politiques de la réinsertion des anciens combattants par l’agriculture
Authors: Doidy Eric
Published: December 2012

Certains dispositifs actuels de prise en charge de personnes ayant des troubles mentaux promeuvent l’idée que le travail de la terre peut exercer un effet thérapeutique. L’expression de telles attentes envers l’agriculture n’est-elle qu’une simple réinvention contemporaine de formes de contrôle social, ou ouvre-t-elle au contraire une nouvelle perspective de libération ? Telle est la question que se propose d’éclaircir l’article, à partir du cas de la réinsertion, en Californie, d’anciens combattants ayant développé un syndrome de stress post-traumatique. L’article s’intéresse d’abord aux acteurs qui investissent ces dispositifs et promeuvent ces représentations, en montrant que certains y trouvent une niche pour développer une offre thérapeutique centrée sur le soi et désinvestissant le politique. Mais l’observation ethnographique d’une association de réinsertion de vétérans et une série d’entretiens semi-directifs avec ces vétérans nous montrent que, dans l’expérience de ces derniers, la recherche de mieux-être personnel a partie liée avec la reconquête d’un engagement citoyen. L’article tente alors de comprendre les conditions qui permettent à ce collectif d’articuler la recherche d’accomplissement personnel à une prise de parole politique. Il entend ainsi ouvrir des pistes pour comprendre la manière dont l’individu peut être replacé au coeur de la critique sociale.
Le projet dans les recompositions des politiques de santé mentale
Authors: Eyraud Benoît , Vidal-Naquet Pierre A.
Published: December 2012

Les politiques psychiatriques et les politiques sociales se rejoignent aujourd’hui
autour d’un principe qui consiste à mettre la personne et son projet de vie au centre des
interventions dans une perspective de « rétablissement ». L’article interroge la manière
dont ce principe est appliqué dans des programmes d’intervention en direction de personnes
ayant des troubles psychiques graves. À partir de l’analyse d’une étude de cas, nous tirons
des enseignements épistémologiques et politiques quant au rôle de la notion de « projet de
vie » dans les recompositions du champ de la santé mentale.
Magna Graecia
Authors: Lombardo Mario
Published: December 2012

Magna Graecia
is the Latin translation of Greek
Megale Hellas
.
Panhellenism
Authors: Mitchell Lynette G.
Published: December 2012

“Panhellenism” is a modern abstract noun derived from the Greekpanhellenes,“all the Hellenes/Greeks,” one of the collective appellations the Greeks used for describing themselves.
Paragraphe
Authors: Kapparis Konstantinos
Published: December 2012

Paragraphe
(counter‐indictment) was introduced shortly after 403
bce
, with a law proposed by Archinos in order to prevent prosecutions in breach of the terms of the general
amnesty
(Isoc. 18.2).
Periander of Corinth
Authors: Lewis Sian
Published: December 2012

Periander (ca. 650–585
bce
) was tyrant (sole ruler) of Corinth between 620 and 585. Seventh‐century Corinth was the wealthiest and most sophisticated state of Archaic Greece, dominating trade routes east and west, and Periander inherited a secure rule from his equally successful father, Kypselos.
Philokrates
Authors: Efsthathiou Athanasios
Published: December 2012

Philokrates (Kirchner 1901–03: no 14599), an Athenian politician, son of Pythodoros (for Philokrates' patronymic, see Meritt 1936: 393–413), of the deme Hagnous, had an active role during the negotiations with Philip (
see
Philip II Of Macedon).
Plato
Authors: Scholz Peter
Published: December 2012

Plato (428/7–348/7BCE), son of Ariston of Athens, traced the origin of his family back to Codrus, mythical king of Athens.
Pottery, Classical and Hellenistic Greece
Authors: Mannack Thomas
Published: December 2012

Greek vases were used at home and in rituals, dedicated in sanctuaries, and placed in tombs.
Psephisma
Authors: Henderson Thomas R.
Published: December 2012

Apsephisma(pl.psephismata) was an official decision with the force of law, issued by theBoule(council),ekklesia(assembly), or other governing bodies in a city‐state.
Rhegion
Authors: Lomas Kathryn
Published: December 2012

Rhegion (modern Reggio di Calabria) was a Greek settlement on the Calabrian coast, opposite Messina (
see
Messana).
Rhetra
Authors: Kristensen Karen Rørby
Published: December 2012

Literally
rhetra
refers to a verbal statement or announcement.
Sphodrias
Authors: Parker Victor
Published: December 2012

The Spartan commander Sphodrias led a bungled raid into Attica in early 378
bce
, which provoked the renewal of open war between Athens and Sparta.
Spondai
Authors: Bolmarcich Sarah
Published: December 2012

Spondai(plural ofsponde) meant “truce” or “peace treaty” in ancient Greek. Originally denoting “ritual libations,”spondaicame also to mean “peace treaty” because of the libations poured during the ceremony that finalized the treaty‐oaths.Spondaishould be distinguished fromeirene, another word for “peace treaty.”
Strategoi
Authors: Hamel Debra
Published: December 2012

Strategoi
, meaning “generals” in Greek, are usually discussed in reference to the Athenian board of generals (
strategia
), the most important office in
ATHENS
during the Classical period.
Syssitia
Authors: Nafissi Massimo
Published: December 2012

The Greeks generally called
syssitia
the common messes of citizens and of public or sacred officials. The best known are the citizens' messes of Sparta (allegedly named at first
andreia
,
syskenia
, and
philitia
in Xenophon; elsewhere often
ph(e)iditia
). Here and in Cretan cities messmates formed a basic subunit of the citizen body.
Theramenes
Authors: Bearzot Cinzia
Published: December 2012

Theramenes was an Athenian general and politician (d. 404/3BCE), son of Hagnon, of the deme of Steiria.
Thrasyboulos, Athenian democrat
Authors: Shear Julia L.
Published: December 2012

Thrasyboulos, the son of Lykos, of the Athenian deme Steiria (not to be confused with his contemporary Thrasyboulos of Kollytos), was probably born between 450 and 445
BCE
and was killed at Aspendos in 389.
Weaponry, Greece
Authors: Hunt Peter
Published: December 2012

At different times and places ancient Greek soldiers used a wide variety of weapons: swords, spears, and pikes for hand‐to‐hand combat; javelins, slings, and bows and arrows for fighting at a distance.
Euphron of Sikyon
Authors: Kralli Ioanna
Published: December 2012

Euphron's brief tyranny at Sikyon (probably 368–366
BCE
; Xen.
Hell
. 7.1.44–6, 3.2–3; short notice in Diod.
Allegory
Authors: Weatherwax Nancy
Published: December 2012

Allegory (Greekallegoria,fromalios, “other, different” andagoreuein, “to proclaim”) refers to figurative rather than literal understanding of texts. Latin Christian authors often described allegory asspiritalis interpretatio, paralleling the Greekpneumatike diegesis, both meaning “spiritual interpretation.”
Apocalypses, Christian
Authors: Elliott Keith
Published: December 2012

An “apocalypse” means literally an “unveiling,” a “revelation;” in their Christian manifestation apocalyptic writings normally tell of future events (usually catastrophic) and of life in the other world.
Carpenter
Authors: Ulrich Roger B.
Published: December 2012

Techniques of working with wood belong to the oldest of human enterprises and therefore were already thousands of years old when practiced by Greeks and Romans.
Class
Authors: García MacGaw Carlos
Published: December 2012

A class, in the broadest sense of the word, is a social group identified by some common feature. The term derives from the Latin word
classis
, which means a group of adult male Roman citizens mustered according to a minimum level of wealth (Livy 1.42.5).
Deserti agri
Authors: Soricelli Gianluca
Published: December 2012

Agri deserti, deserted lands, are a recurrent topic in late Roman literary and legal sources.
Dorea(gift, gift estate)
Authors: Monson Andrew
Published: December 2012

The basic meaning of the Greek termdoreais a “gift.” Aristotle (Top. 125a 18) definesdoreaas “giving (dosis) without something given in return (anapodotos).”
Dry‐farming
Authors: Carlà Filippo
Published: December 2012

Dry‐farming is a set of agricultural practices used to cultivate land which receives only a limited amount of rainfall (e.g., under 250 mm/year).
Ergasterion, ergastulum
Authors: Marzano Annalisa
Published: December 2012

The Greek termergasterion(plur.ergasteria) and the Latinergastulumare used with some flexibility in the ancient sources.
Exactor
Authors: Hirt Alfred M.
Published: December 2012

The Latin term
exactor
can describe either an overseer/controller of work or construction work or a collector of arrears and debts and, in the Late Empire, a collector of taxes.
Fides
Authors: Verboven Koenraad s.
Published: December 2012

Fides
was a central virtue in Rome.
Fowling
Authors: Carlà Filippo
Published: December 2012

Fowling (Greekixeutikeorornithothera,Latinaucupium) was widely practiced in the ancient world, to hunt any birds, big (cranes in Verg.G. 1.307) and small, which were then mostly eaten: pictorial representations are to be found already in Egyptian art.
Fruit
Authors: Spanier Ethan
Published: December 2012

Fruit is a term used to denote a variety of edible foods from both wild and cultivated plants.
Gift‐exchange
Authors: Coffee Neil
Published: December 2012

The phrase gift‐exchange refers to the giving of gifts and favors in a cycle that generates a relationship between giver and receiver. Gift‐exchange was understood in Classical Antiquity as distinct from the major alternative form of exchange, commodity payment.
Goats
Authors: Carlà Filippo
Published: December 2012

Goats were bred to produce meat, milk, and hides. Goat milk, almost absent in Pharaonic Egypt, in the Greco–Roman world was regarded as the best one (Plin.
HN
28.123–4), and was used to produce cheese (Columella 7.8).
Hallstatt culture
Authors: Collis John
Published: December 2012

In the nineteenth century prehistorians developed a chronological framework for the periods preceding the advent of written records, starting with Christian Thomsen's based on technology, the Ages of Stone, Bronze, and Iron.
Hektemoroi
Authors: Schmitz Winfried
Published: December 2012

In the pre‐Solonic era, persons with little or no landed property in Athens leased farmland from wealthy Athenian landowners or from thepolls.
Helots
Authors: Scott Andrew G. , Figueira Thomas J.
Published: December 2012

The Helots were the servile agricultural work force of Spartan full citizens, the Spartiates or
Homoioi
. Helotage allowed Sparta to achieve a paradigmatic hoplite polity, with an army of elite soldiers who were freed from economic concerns, and who grew in number down to 465. Concomitantly, the politicization of the main subsistence processes in Lakonia subsidized the creation of a strong, yet brittle, social structure. The Helots provided rents that are described both as substantial fixed amounts and as 50% of their production (e.g., Tyr. fr. 6W; Plut.
Lyc
. 8.4, 24.3). The rents underwrote Spartiate dues to their common messes, a prerequisite of citizenship. The ratio of Helots to Spartiates is controversial, perhaps 3–5 to 1 at the Spartiates' apogee, and with a greater disproportion when Spartiate oliganthropy set in. Therefore, the Helots were numerous enough to create internal security risks and to constrain Spartan foreign policy (cf. Thuc. 4.80.3). Despite the freedom that Helotage provided the Spartiates, Aristotle (
Pol
. 1269a34–b12) believed that this was a problematic system, and the institution itself was warmly debated (cf. Alcidamas fr. 3A).
Horses, Greece and Rome
Authors: Carlà Filippo
Published: December 2012

Horses (Greek
hippos
, Latin
equus
) in Classical Antiquity were known and reared in different breeds, coming from different regions of Europe and Africa.
Hypotheke(mortgage)
Authors: Yiftach‐Firanko Uri
Published: December 2012

The termhypothekedenotes the designation of an asset, usually landed property, as security for a debt. Although parties were free to establish the terms of transactions as they wished, usually a piece of property designated forhypothekeremained for the duration of debt in the possession of the debtor, while some of its title devolved upon the creditor.
Inflation
Authors: Nappo Dario
Published: December 2012

In economic terms, inflation can be defined as the increase in the prices of goods and services over a period of time.
Irrigation, Greco‐Roman Egypt
Authors: Habermann Wolfgang
Published: December 2012

Agriculture in Egypt was wholly dependent on irrigation.
Lead
Authors: Brown Heather
Published: December 2012

Lead (Pb,
plumbum
) is a soft, dense, corrosion‐resistant metal used for a wide variety of purposes in the ancient world. Its ores frequently contain Silver, and it was primarily mined, until the Roman period, for the extraction of silver. Despite the widespread occurrence of lead ores, exploitation was dependent on economic factors, including the richness of silver content, depth of deposit, proximity to sea transport, and availability of labor.
Legumes
Authors: Carlà Filippo
Published: December 2012

Pulses were widely cultivated in the ancient world: they were considered, next to grains, the second main class of annual plants (Theophr.
Hist. Pl
. 8.1.2).
Lifting devices
Authors: Schneider Helmuth
Published: December 2012

Archaeological research has shown that the Greek temples of the Archaic period were first constructed using ramps; in this way, the great blocks of stone for the masonry, the pediment, and the architrave were pulled up as far as was necessary to complete the building.
Metallurgy, Greece and Rome
Authors: Rehren Thilo
Published: December 2012

The practice of metallurgy comprises two main aspects, namely the primary production of metals from their ores, and the secondary production of artifacts from existing metal, either fresh metal from the smelter, or recycled scrap metal.
Mill
Authors: Schneider Helmuth
Published: December 2012

Cereals were the most important staple food in antiquity.
Money, ancient Near East and Pharaonic Egypt
Authors: Manning Joseph G.
Published: December 2012

The history of the use of money should be carefully distinguished from history of the use of coinage.
Oikonomos
Authors: Gottesman Alex
Published: December 2012

Oikonomosliterally means “household manager.” The figure of theoikonomoshas an important place in Greco‐Roman economic thought, which, as is often noted, deals with very different questions from modern economic thought (Finley 1999: 17–23).