bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PROS AND CONS OF CO2 CT ANGIOGRAPHY VERSUS CONVENTIONAL CONTRAST ENHANCED CT ANGIOGRAPHY IN THE TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL VASCULAR OCCLUSIONS
Authors:   Vascular Surgery Unit Department of Surgery JaberAlAhmad Hospital Kuwait., M.O.S Ali Nawaf , H.AAA Alsaffar Mohammad ,   Vascular Surgery Unit Department of Surgery JaberAlAhmad Hospital Kuwait.
Published: January 2022

Over the past two decades, the field of vascular surgery has experienced tremendous advances in technique and technology. After the description of vascular anastomosis by Dr. Alexis Carrel almost one hundred years ago, the subsequent years were slowly crowned by the differentiation of general and vascular surgeons (Friedman 2016). Notably, surgeons were able to distinguish themselves by developing and acquiring techniques that are specific to operations in vascular surgery. This type of surgery involves diseases associated with the vascular system, which specifically includes the arteries, veins, and the lymphatic structure. Thus, vascular surgery provides treatment for diseases associated with the veins and arteries and is used in cases where less invasive methods cannot be incorporated (Reis and Roever 2017). Importantly, vascular diseases arise from damaged vessels or the presence of inflammations or blood clots leading to the occurrence of illnesses like peripheral vascular disease or peripheral arterial disease (PAD) that is occlusive in nature. Notably, vascular occlusion can be defined as the blockage of blood vessels due to the growth of an abnormality or the accumulation of fat or calcium in the inner lining of the venous structure. Occlusion is a common characteristic of PAD where the diameter of the blood vessels narrows considerably (Rotzinger, Lu, Kawkabani, Marques-Vidal, Fetz and Qanadli 2020). Another good example of peripheral vascular occlusion arises from atherosclerosis. This is an occlusive disease where the arteries harden due to fat or calcium, leading to the narrowing of the internal diameter of the vessels (Rotzinger et al. 2020). Over time, this diameter narrows greatly resulting in the formation of clots that restrict the supply of blood to the entire area past the blockage, leading to the development of PVD/PAD.
THE UNDERLYING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CLINICAL APPEARANCE OF LSS, AND THE AVAILABLE DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS
Authors:   Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Anatomy, Era Medical College, Lucknow, India, 2117., Singh Divya , Singh Rahul ,   Consultant Psychiatrist, Barabanki District Hospital., Sharma P.K. ,   H.O.D. &Professor, Eras Lucknow Medical College and Hospital., Jaiswal Sonia ,   Assistant Professor, Eras Lucknow Medical College and Hospital.
Published: January 2022

The term lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) refers to the narrowing of the spinal canal due to anatomical reasons, and it is linked to a variety of clinical symptoms.The onset of stenosis LSS can be unilateral or bilateral, monosegmental or multisegmental. The stenosis can be characterized as central, lateral, or foraminal anatomically.Neurogenic claudication is the most prevalent symptom of LSS, which is defined as limping or cramping lumbar pain that spreads into the legs primarily during walking.Typical patient symptoms include unilateral or bilateral (exertional) back and leg discomfort that develops over months, if not years.As people live longer and seek a better quality of life, as well as increased knowledge of the condition and the availability of improved imaging techniques, the number of people diagnosed with degenerative LSS has increased.
RELATION OF EXAMINATION PERFORMANCE AND CLASS ATTENDANCE OF MBBS STUDENTS IN PHARMACOLOGY - A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors:   Post Graduate Dept. of Pharmacology Siddhartha Medical College., Parlapalli Sailajapriyadarsini , Babu Bandar Sekhar ,   Post Graduate Dept. of Pharmacology Siddhartha Medical College., Swarnalatha Kakarla ,   Professor, Dept. of Pharmacology Siddhartha Medical College.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Students attendance is considered as an important factor in the academic performance of medical students. Student attendance is an integral part of professional development and, from a regulatory perspective, considered evidence of professionalism.Aim of the undergraduate medical education is to produce competent doctors with adequate medical knowledge, affective attitude for the patients and proper clinical skills for practice Medical education demands high attendance for good understanding and grasps over the subject Aim: To study the relationship between student attendance and their performance in theory examination. Study design: A retrospective study was conducted among Second year MBBS pharmacology students. Student classroom (theory) attendance was compared with their marks secured in the internal assessment conducted by the pharmacology department. Materials and method: The second year MBBS students who attended pharmacology internal assessment were included in the study. The attendance of a total of 145 students was compared with their internal assessment marks. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA. Results: Among 145 students more number of students attendance lied between 61-70 percent.Only 2 of them got more than 90 percent attendance, in this one got below 50 percent marks and6 of them got less than 50 percent in both marks and attendance. Discussion: This study clearly demonstrated that the higher the percentage of attendance lesser is the chance of failure in theory internal assessment (P value is 0.002). It shows attending the theory lectures is significant to perform in the examinations.
MATERNAL AND PERINATAL OUTCOMES IN PREGNANCY ASSOCIATED WITH ABRUPTIO PLACENTA
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMGS Hospital, Jammu, J&K, India., Gupta Jyoti , a Anuradha ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMGS Hospital, Jammu, J&K, India., Hak Jyoti ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMGS Hospital, Jammu, J&K, India., b Harleen ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMGS Hospital, Jammu, J&K, India., Mehta Lakshay ,   Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram.
Published: January 2022

Background: Placental Abruption is an important cause of antepartum haemorrhage. It is defined as the separation of the placenta either partially or totally from its implantation site before delivery. APH is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore the study was planned to study the maternal and perinatal outcomes in patients of abruption placenta. Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, SMGS, Hospital, Govt. Medical College Jammu over a period of 1 year. It was a prospective study and all case of Abruptio placenta â‰¥ 28 weeks of gestational age were included. Results: It was observed that maximum cases of Abruptio Placenta i.e 67.65% were multigravida. 41.47% of cases of Abruptio Placenta had hypertension. 4.41 % had Polyhydramnios. 61.76% delivered vaginally. 23.53% patients had postpartum haemorrhage whereas only 2.98% had undergone Postpartum Hysterectomy. The most common fetal complication in Abruptio Placenta was prematurity (35.71%). 5.89% patients of Abruptio Placentas died during Peripartum period. Perinatal mortality was high 48.58%. Conclusions: Abruptio placent is associated with significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Good regular antenatal care and availability of emergency medical services remains the backbone for the good maternal and perinatal outcomes.
An experimental study of the wound healing effect of ophthalmic drug films with 6-methyl-3-(thietan-3-yl)uracil and methyluracil
Authors: Gabdrakhmanova A. F. , Meshcheryakova S. A. , Kildiyarov F. H. , Kurbanov S. A.
Published: January 2022

Purpose: to study experimentally the wound-healing effect of ophthalmic drug films (ODF) with 6-methyl-3-(thietan-3-yl) uracil and methyluracil. Material and methods. The study involved 17 Chinchilla rabbits (34 eyes), whose corneas were histomorphologically studied after an experimental chemical acid burn and treatment. ODF with 6-methyl-3-(thietan-3-yl)uracil were deposited in the right eyes of 15 rabbits (15 eyes), and ODF with methyluracil — in the left eyes of these rabbits. Two rabbits served as control: their right eyes were left without wound healing therapy, while the left eyes received dexpanthenol 5 % gel (corneregel) 4 times a day. All animals were monitored daily for 21 days. The morphological changes in the cornea were recorded on the 2nd, 7th, 14th and 21st days after the experimental chemical burn.Results. The course of reparative processes of the chemical burns of the cornea was found to be different depending on the drugs used. Our results show that the ODF with methyluracil led to the resorption of the edema and the turbidity, as well as to a total closure of the desquamation sites of the corneal epithelium on the 7th day. With the ODF containing 6-methyl-3-(thietan-3-yl) uracil, the effect was achieved on the 14th day. In contrast to the control, ODF enhanced the growth and reproduction of cells, rapidly improved the trophism, and stimulated the regeneration process in damaged corneal tissues. ODFs produced no toxic reactions, such as destruction of the collagen framework, maceration, pronounced edema, and hyperemia. On the 21st day of observation, the microscopic picture of rabbit cornea showed the usual normal structure. Conclusion. ODF therapy with methyluracil and 6-methyl-3-(thietan-3-yl)uracil leads to accelerated centripetal epithelialization of corneal erosion, more structured and histologically correct restoration of the epithelial-stromal layer.
Historical aspects and current views of the etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of optic nerve pits
Authors: Muskatina E. V. , Samsonov D. Yu. , Zhukova S. I. , Shchuko А. G.
Published: January 2022

Optic nerve pits are a mono- or bilateral congenital anomaly represented by optic disc depressions of various sizes. In half of the cases, the pits are complicated by edema, central retinal detachment and retinoschisis, and cause visual function decrease. Visual acuity losses can be either insignificant or pronounced. Optic discs pits have been investigated massively over the last century and a half, but their etiology is still underresearched. In recent years, however, due to the development of digital scanning and data processing technologies and the emergence of non-invasive highly informative diagnostic methods, it has become possible to reveal structural and functional changes of the optic disc in vivo, in addition to the traditional detection of histological changes in cadaveric eyes.
Experimental Models of Glaucoma
Authors: Onufriichuk O. N. , Gazizova I. R. , Kuroyedov A. V. , Seleznev А. V. , Brezhnev A. Yu.
Published: January 2022

Optic nerve pits are a mono- or bilateral congenital anomaly represented by optic disc depressions of various sizes. In half of the cases, the pits are complicated by edema, central retinal detachment and retinoschisis, and cause visual function decrease. Visual acuity losses can be either insignificant or pronounced. Optic discs pits have been investigated massively over the last century and a half, but their etiology is still underresearched. In recent years, however, due to the development of digital scanning and data processing technologies and the emergence of non-invasive highly informative diagnostic methods, it has become possible to reveal structural and functional changes of the optic disc in vivo, in addition to the traditional detection of histological changes in cadaveric eyes.Glaucomatous process modeling is one of the challenges in ophthalmology. And this is due primarily to the fact that, so far, the main reasons for the onset and progression of glaucoma. Numerous works on experimental research in its core model ocular. However, there are forms of glaucoma, which are independent of the level of intraocular pressure. Ideal model of glaucoma is considered a model with the development of the characteristic symptom in which a key symptom is a slowly progressive excavation of the optic nerve. But given the new knowledge in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative changes in glaucoma in this model should be added and the opportunity to study the brain, vascular factors of progression, the level of neurotransmitters, trophic factors, etc. Therefore, we tried to make the analysis of models of glaucoma in various experimental animals and determine the most appropriate model for studying the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
Surgery of cicatricial stage of choroidal neovascular membrane with autologous conditioned plasma
Authors: Arsyutov D. G.
Published: January 2022

Purpose. To estimate the effectiveness of the cicatricial stage of choroidal neovascular membrane (CNM) surgery with retina fixation after retinotomy of paracentral areas with autologous conditioned platelet rich plasma (ACP) and without endolaser photocoagulation and silicone oil tamponade. Material and methods. 17 CNM patients aged 49 to 82 with visual acuity from 0.02 eccentric to 0.08 were operated. The operation consisted in 25-, 27+-gauge vitrectomy, removal of the posterior hyaloid membrane and the inner limiting membrane (in the presence of an epiretinal membrane), paracentral retinotomy, removal of the choroidal neovascular membrane via retinotomy, pneumoretinopexy, 2–3 layer instillation of ACP in the retinotomy area without endolaser photocoagulation and silicone oil tamponade, seamless closure of sclera- and conjunctivotomy with a layer of autologous conditioned plasma. Results. Full retinal reattachment and closure of the retinotomy opening in the late postoperative period was noted in all patients. No case of recurrent retinal detachment was recorded. Complete closure of sclera- and conjunctivotomy with no additional suture fixation was achieved in all cases. In the long-term period after the removal of the cicatricial choroidal membrane, visual acuity was 0.03–0.2. Conclusion. The modern surgery of the cicatricial stage of CNM using ACP to close the retinotomy defect after removal of cicatricial CNV without endolaser coagulation of the retina and silicone tamponade, followed by seamless blocking of the sclero- and conjunctivotomy with ACP produces excellent anatomical and functional results, minimizing the risk of postoperative complications.
Reparative and antioxidant therapy of chemical eye burns
Authors: Bakhritdinova F. A. , Oralov B. A. , Mirrakhimova S. Sh. , Ashurov O. M. , Xadjimuhamedov B. B.
Published: January 2022

Цель работы — изучить эффективность комплексного лечения химических ожогов глаз с использованием фотодинамической терапии (ФДТ) и инстилляций виксипина по данным импрессионной цитологии (ИЦ) и биохимическим показателям слезной жидкости (СЖ). Материал и методы. Обследовано и пролечено 104 пациента (146 глаз) в возрасте от 18 до 72 лет с ожогом глаз I, II и III степени. К стандартному лечению добавлена ФДТ (I группа, 35 пациентов, 48 глаз) и сочетание ФДТ с инстилляциями препарата Виксипин (Солофарм, Россия) — глазные капли (II группа, 32 пациента, 46 глаз). Группу сравнения (стандартная терапия) составили 37 пациентов (52 глаза). Эффективность лечения оценивалась с помощью ИЦ и биохимических анализов СЖ на 7-й день лечения.Результаты. Исходные данные ИЦ свидетельствуют о смещении показателей цитограммы в сторону ядерных структур, во всех группах ядерно-цитоплазматическое отношение (ЯЦО) составило в среднем 0,068. В результате лечения у пациентов основных (I и II) групп определялось преобладание репаративных процессов в эпителиальных клетках, при этом ЯЦО увеличилось до 0,290 ± 0,010 в I и 0,320 ± 0,014 во II группе, что превышало в 3,9 и 4,5 раза соответственно аналогичные показатели в группе сравнения. Уровень стабильных метаболитов оксида азота в СЖ при добавлении виксипина достоверно снизился по отношению к значениям до лечения в 1,59 раза и составил 4,21 ± 0,32 мк моль/л. Данный показатель оказался в 1,23 раза ниже, чем в I группе, и приблизился к нормативным показателям (3,52 ± 0,23), превышая их в 1,19 раза. Заключение. Добавление ФДТ и виксипина к стандартному лечению химических ожогов глаз усиливает регенерацию ожоговой поверхности, нормализует показатели анти
The connection of polymorphism and diurnal changes of the biological clock gene expression with the risk of progression of primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Vlasova A. S. , Petrov S. A. , Malishevskaya T. N. , Gubin D. G. , Kolomeychuk S. N.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this work is to study the connection betweengenetic factors (polymorphism and expression of key genes of the biological clock (KGBC), key genes controlled by KGBC, melatonin receptors) and the diurnal oscillation of melatonin in patients with stable and progressing primary open-angle glaucoma. Materials and methods. The study involved 115 patients aged 53–86 (averagely, 68.8 ± 7.9 years) with stable and progressive glaucoma. All patients underwent primary ophthalmological examination, tested for diurnal body temperature profile, intraocular pressure (IOP), melatonin (by the DLMO protocol) and were typed for key genes of the biological clock using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. We studied the sleep phase shift to later hours in carriers of the G-allele of the melatonin receptor gene during the progression of glaucoma. Results. The study of the clinical and genotypic features of the POAG course revealed phasal shifts of the circadian rhythms of body temperature, IOP, salivary melatonin levels and sleep phases which contributed to the progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Certain polymorphic variants of genes contribute to individual frequent manifestations of desynchronosis. The clock rs1801260 and MTNR1B rs10830963 gene polymorphism was found to be related to disturbances in melatonin production and sleep phase. Conclusion. Complex manifestations of circadian desynchronization accompanying the progressive course of glaucoma are the late phase of rhythms and a decrease in sleep duration, body temperature, salivary melatonin and IOP, internal desynchronization between IOP and body temperature, IOP and sleep, evening dyslipidemia. The revealed patterns open up prospects for future studies of the relationship between polymorphism and daily changes of the expression of key genes in the biological clock with the risk of progression of primary open angle glaucoma.
An integrated analysis of clinical and morphometric indications of atrophic forms of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Neroeva N. V. , Ryabina M. V. , Karmokova A. G. , Neroev V. V.
Published: January 2022

The atrophic form of late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of severe vision loss. Recently, a new classification system has been proposed, which identifies two types of atrophy in the late stage of AMD that require a more detailed study: (1) drusenassociated geographic atrophy (GA), which is the final stage of progression of dry AMD, and (2) macular atrophy (MA), which occurs in wet AMD, including the period of AMD treatment with angiogenesis inhibitors. Purpose: an integrated analysis of clinical and morphometric signs of atrophic AMD forms. Material and methods. 48 people (61eyes) aged 48–84 with GA (group 1) and MA (group 2) and a control group, recruited from age-matching 25 healthy volunteers (35 eyes), underwent standard ophthalmological examinations, fundus autofluorescence (FAF) with lesion area measurement, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the standard mode and Enhanced Depth Imagine Mode, Multicolor, and OCT angiography. Results. The comparative analysis of two atrophic AMD forms showed that in GA eyes, foci of atrophy capturing the fovea were significantly more common, while, contrariwise in MA eyes atrophic foci not capturing the fovea were more frequent (p < 0.05). Photoreceptor tubulation was diagnosed mainly in eyes with GA (p < 0.05). The morphometric analysis showed a significant decrease in the subfoveal thickness of the choroid in the groups with GA and MA as compared to the control (p < 0.05), whilst no significant differences between two groups were noted. The assessment of the frequency of occurrence of types of fundus AF patterns in groups 1 and 2 followed by a comparative analysis, showed the presence of all types of patterns in GA patients, including the heterogeneous and the bordering pattern (p < 0.05). In the MA group, diffuse and focal types of patterns were revealed, while the frequency of the diffuse pattern turned out to be significantly more frequent (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The integrated analysis revealed the main semiological signs and morphometric parameters, their features and prevalence in GA and MA, which may have diagnostic and prognostic importance for the management and treatment of patients with AMD.
Preservative free travoprost and timolol fixed combination in the initial treatment of primary glaucoma: an assessment of hypotensive efficiency and safety
Authors: Petrov S. Yu. , Yakubova L. V. , Vasilenkova L. V. , Filippova O. M. , Zhuravleva A. N. , Kotelin V. I.
Published: January 2022

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Travapress Duo with respect to hypotensive results, changes in functional parameters, and adverse reactions. Material and methods. 30 patients aged 65–75 (averagely 71.3 ± 3.2 years) with a newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) received Travapress Duo in the evening, once a day. Goldman tonometry was performed during the screening, then 1 week, 1 month and 3 months from the treatment start. Static perimetry and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed before treatment and at the end of the 3rd month since the treatment start. Adverse events were recorded at each stage of the study.Results. As a result of a 3 month long therapy with Travapress Duo, a significant decrease in IOP was noted starting from the 1st week of instillations (by 34 %), after 1 month, by 35 % and after 3 months of observation by 36 %. By the end of the 3rd month of treatment, we noted an insignificant increase in visual acuity, a positive dynamic of the standard deviation and the standard deviation pattern, as well as OCT indicators, such as average thickness of the layer of retinal nerve fibers and the layer of retinal ganglion cells in the macula, stabilization of the thickness of the retinal ganglion cell complex layer and the size of the inner plexiform layer. One patient complained of discomfort and hyperemia by the end of the 1st week of drug instillation. No systemic side effects were noted during the follow-up, and in no case drug withdrawal was require. Conclusion. The preservative-free Travapress Duo drug displayed a high hypotensive efficacy, reducing the IOP to 36% of the initial value. The hypotensive effect was accompanied by indirect neuroprotection, which manifested itself in the positive changes observable in the results of functional studies with varying degrees of reliability. Travapress Duo is characterized by a low level of local side effects and can be recommended for both for the initial and long-term therapy of primary glaucoma of developed and advanced stages.
The Anti-Value Concept of Cowardice in Humorous Discourse of Anglo-Saxon Linguistic Culture
Authors: Bochkarev A. I.
Published: January 2022

The article introduced the anti-value concept of cowardice in the humorous discourse of Anglo-Saxon linguistic culture. This concept is one of the main anti-values of modern Anglo-Saxon linguistic culture; however, it received very little scientific attention. Based on cognitive and axiological analyses, the author identified and analyzed the main characteristics of cowardice in humorous discourse. The analysis involved 50 episodes of stand-up specials and 500 episodes of various sitcoms. The key features of the anti-value concept of cowardice included fear, the level of danger, and the importance of overcoming danger. Other important characteristics of cowardice included immoral actions, avoiding danger, inaction, loss of control over one’s bodily functions, and unreasonable behavior. The fear of death / injury / social disapproval proved to be the main reasons for cowardice. The author also analyzed the gender aspect of the concept. Cowardice appeared to be a typical male feature because humor is often derived from breaking the gender stereotype "a man is stronger / braver than a woman".
Electronic Corpus of Linguaculture of the Northern Angara Region: Foundations, Structure, and Application
Authors: Felde O. V.
Published: January 2022

Linguaculture is a heterogeneous linguacognitive phenomenon that depends on the local area, values, and community, as well as on national and ethno-specifics cultural codes and subcodes of mythology, theology, anthropomorphism, biomorphism, household, commerce, etc. The article introduces the linguacultural corpus of the Northern Angara Region that unites oral and multimedia (polycode) texts of traditional regional linguaculture. The corpus is being developed at the Siberian Federal University and includes empirical material of complex folklore, dialectological, and ethnographic expeditions to Kezhemskiy, Boguchany and Motygino areas. The article describes the basic principles of the corpus, i.e. representativeness, synchronism, and regionality, as well as the thematic, genre, functional, and semantic diversity of oral and polycode texts. Culturally marked oral texts are included in the corpus based on their linguistic and cultural informativeness. The corpus is divided into dialect, folklore, and multimedia subcorpuses of valuable information, which can solve various issues of Russian studies, as well as practical issues of linguacultural ecology. The information search process depends on several parameters: speech and folklore genre, topic, basic concept, and word. The article also contains a comparative analysis with other specialized corpora of oral speech, which revealed prospects for further development and application. The linguacultural corpus of the Northern Angara Region contributes to regional lexicography and other branches of Russian studies, e.g. Siberian linguaculture, language and culture, language and mentality, etc.
Asian Studies Expert A. A. Semenov: Turkomstaris and Sredazkomstaris Periods (1921–1928)
Authors: Mamaeva G. E.
Published: January 2022

The research featured the biography of Alexander A. Semenov (1873–1959), an outstanding expert in Asian Studies, who made a great contribution to Soviet and global oriental scholarship. The paper focuses on his work at the Turkestan Committee for Museums and Protection of Antiquities, Art, and Nature (Turkomstaris) and the Central Asian Committee for Museums and Protection of Antiquities, Art, and Nature (Sredazkomstaris) in 1921–1928. The research involved articles published by A. A. Semyonov in 1926 and 1928 in the Proceedings of the Central Asian Committee, as well as valuable data from publications made by Professor A. M. Mironov and Chairman of Sredazkomstaris D. I. Nechkin. A. A. Semyonov owed his education to the outstanding teaching staff of Lazarev Institute: V. F. Miller, N. N. Kharuzin, F. E. Korsh, and M. O. Attai. His scientific worldview was shaped under the influence of orientalist V. V. Barthold.
Distance Learning as a Means of Digital Skills Development in High School and University Students
Authors: Voskresenskaya N. G.
Published: January 2022

The present research featured the readiness of university and high school students for distance learning as a means of improving their digital skills. The survey was conducted in October 2020 and involved 807 students from schools and universities of Nizhny Novgorod aged 14–24 (M=18, SD=2.22; 62.6 % female, 37.4 % male). Six focus groups included 63 students aged 17–24 (M=18, SD=1.83; 65 % female, 35 % male). The study showed that the readiness of young people for distance learning depended on their awareness of how digital technologies changed human life during the pandemic. The research revealed four types of young people with different attitudes to distance learning. Awareness of the impact of digitalization appeared to be a powerful motivator for the use of distance learning to develop digital competencies. The constraining factors included emotional and volitional immaturity, orientation to hedonistic values, confidence in one’s own digital competence, and skepticism regarding the ability of distance education to promote professional development.
Automated Personal Thesaurus TEZAL: Reconstructing the Psychosemantic Foundations of Interpersonal Relations
Authors: Dolganov D. N. , Kameneva V. A.
Published: January 2022

The present research featured the psychosemantic foundation of interpersonal relations, the latter represented as a three-level system. The psychosemantic foundation contains implicit models of interpersonal relations; the regulatory level regulates interpersonal relationships in various contexts; the behavioral level manifests itself in direct interpersonal behavior. The research was based on the method of semantic differential. However, the method proved too sensitive to various kinds of heterogeneity of the test subjects, which rendered it impossible to identify the factor structure. As a result, the semantic differential was converted to factorial personality systems through the Automated Personal Thesaurus TEZAL. In this research, the semantic differential vocabulary profile was converted to 16PF personality profile. The semantic differential and converted data underwent statistical and comparative analyses, which singled out the general structures of perception in the system of interpersonal relations. The procedure revealed two bipolar factors. The factor of social self-organization reflected the degree of orderliness of social activity and behavior. The factor of social interaction demonstrated the flexibility, activity and initiative of social behavior. A regression analysis of the psychosemantic foundations revealed a more complex system, when interpersonal relations are perceived through the role image of mother and friend. Thus, initial data conversion provided a more detailed reconstruction of the psychosemantic foundation of interpersonal relations.
Digital Academic Environment and Professional Identity Development
Authors: Pfettser A. A.
Published: January 2022

Self-identity is a structural and dynamic system that develops as one’s living environment expands. During vocational training, professional identity acquires an integrating role in this system. Professional identity develops in the academic environment, which is expanding due to digitalization. The research objective was to identify the features of professional identity development in students in the conditions of academic digitalization and to determine the ways of psychological and pedagogical optimization of this process. The theoretical analysis is based on the general provisions of cultural and historical psychology, as well as on the methodology of the environmental approach in education. The contemporary academic environment demonstrated a lack of interpersonal interaction, which makes it difficult to enter the professional community and identify with it. However, the interactive character of the digital academic environment makes it possible to optimize the process of professional identity development. It comprises various information and communication platforms into a single media environment. Psychological and pedagogical technologies develop awareness and acceptance of professional values in the process of indirect interaction between students, teaching staff, and professionals.
effect of accountability, transparency and operational efficiency on decisions to pay zakat with ability as intervening variables
Authors: Muliansyah Eko , Nugroho Mulyanto , Riyadi Slamet
Published: January 2022

This study focuses on the effect of accountability, transparency, and operational efficiency on the decision to pay zakat with ability as a moderating variable at the national amil zakat institution in Surabaya. The population used in this study was 105.644 people. The sample in the study was 399 people determined by the non-probability sampling method. In this study, a questionnaire research instrument was used, namely, a set of questions addressed to respondents to obtain written information related to research variables and using Partial Least Square (PLS)analysis techniques. The results show the ability to intervene the effect of the variables of accountability, transparency, and efficiency positively and significantly on the decision to pay zakat at the national amil zakat institution in Surabaya.
Consistency and Sensitivity Evaluation of the Saudi Arabia Mental Health Surveillance System (MHSS): Hypothesis Generation and Testing
Authors: Althumiri Nora A , Basyouni Mada H , BinDhim Nasser F
Published: January 2022

Background

Public health surveillance systems should be evaluated periodically, and the evaluation should include recommendations for improving the system’s quality and efficiency. Each surveillance system may have a unique situation in which evaluating its quality depends on its methodology, aims, and other factors, such as the frequency of repeating the survey in the case of survey-based surveillance.

Objective

As the consistency of the surveillance system to capture demographic data and its sensitivity to monitor the intended health-related event are important indicators of the quality of the surveillance system, the aim of this article is to evaluate the Saudi Arabia Mental Health Surveillance System (MHSS) in terms of consistency and sensitivity via the scientific hypothesis testing process.

Methods

The quality of the MHSS was assessed by examining (1) the consistency of the main demographic variables and (2) the sensitivity to changes in score between the 2 mental health screening tools used in the MHSS and between the 3 waves collected in 3 consecutive months. The assessment uses all data collected via the MHSS between May 2020 and July 2020. The first null hypothesis predicted there were differences between the distributions of the demographic variables between the 3 waves. The second predicted there were no differences between the scores of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) between the 3 waves.

Results

In terms of sampling variables (age, gender, and region), there were no significant differences between the 3 waves in age, using one-way ANOVA, nor in gender and region, using the chi-square test. In addition, there were no significant differences between the 3 waves in all other demographic variables, except in the income variable. However, in terms of the PHQ-9 score, the one-way ANOVA (F2,12334=8.05; P<.001) showed significant differences between waves. Similarly, significant differences between waves were found in the GAD-7 score (F2,12334=7.09; P=.001).

Conclusions

The MHSS showed a consistent distribution of the sample demographic variables, while being sensitive to the changes in mental health scores across waves. The MHSS can generate an acceptable level of consistency and sensitivity to monitor mental health trends.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/23748
Redução da mortalidade infantil e cumprimento do Objetivo de Desenvolvimento do Milênio 4 no Brasil
Authors: Cabral Braz Sarah Geciellen , Pelinski Raiher Augusta
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho visa analisar as condições que afetam a probabilidade de um município brasileiro atingir o ODM4, considerando o período de 2000 a 2015. Para isso, utilizou-se o modelo Probit espacial, com estimativas regionais. Evidenciou-se um avanço dos municípios que atingiram o ODM 4 em 2015, havendo uma heterogeneidade ao longo do país. Em relação ao que afeta a probabilidade de se atender o ODM4, encontrou-se um efeito negativo para o analfabetismo feminino, para a fecundidade e para a desigualdade de renda, existindo um efeito espacial dessas variáveis. Além disso, o PSF contribuiu positivamente para o município alcançar o ODM4.
El ecoturismo como estrategia de conservación de un paisaje transformado en los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, México
Authors: González Kuk Gilberto Manuel , Muñoz-Marquez Trujillo Rafael Arturo
Published: January 2022

Los Tuxtlas es un territorio complejo, dado su proceso histórico donde distintas dinámicas socioculturales originaron conflictos socioambientales. Se expone la transformación del paisaje de los Tuxtlas a través de una mirada histórica, considerando la inserción del ecoturismo como estrategia local de conservación ambiental. La metodología se basó en perspectivas etnográficas y cartográficas para entender las conjeturas territoriales. Los hallazgos muestran una disminución paulatina en la cubierta vegetal y que las iniciativas de ecoturísticas han realizado un esfuerzo importante en la preservación del entorno, sin embargo, han venido a la baja. Es necesario apuntalar los esfuerzos que permanecen activos, y fomentar el incremento de otros.
The challenge of urban solid waste management in Brazil
Authors: Chaves Vasconcelos de Oliveira Marta , Klafke Renata , Chaerki Sergio Filipe
Published: January 2022

The National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) and its regulation originated a new reference for the integrated and sustainable solid waste management in the country and new challenges for the implementation and improvement of the selective collection service provision in the municipalities. The purpose of this research is to identify the efficiency level of urban solid waste management in the Brazilian capitals during the period from 2002 to 2016. To measure the efficiency, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique was used. The sample consisted of 20 Brazilian capitals. After measuring efficiency, the logistic regression technique was used to measure the contribution of each variable used in the DEA technique. As a result, it was observed that the number of materials recovered is very low compared to the number of materials collected, the municipality that collected the most materials was Vitória in 2015 and the municipality that recovered the most waste was Florianópolis in 2013.
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF AZILSARTAN AND CILNIDIPINE IN BULK BY RP-HPLC AND ASSESSMENT OF ITS APPLICABILITY IN MARKETED TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: ANDHALE SWATI M. , G. NIKALJE ANNA PRATIMA
Published: January 2022

Objective: This study aims to build up the RP-HPLC process for Azilsartan and Cilnidipine and authenticate the RP-HPLC process according to ICH validation code Q2R1.
Methods: System suitability testing was performed to discover the qualifying criterion of the method by injecting the identical standard solution of Azilsartan 40μg/ml and Cilnidipine 10μg/ml in mixture/combination in subsequent optimized chromatographic conditions and the chromatogram was recorded. Moreover, the planned method was validated as per ICH guideline Q2R1 for the following parameters: linearity and range, precision, accuracy, robustness, and determined % recovery.
Results: The outcomes of %RSD for retention time and peak area were found to be 0.65 and 1.32 for Azilsartan and 0.85 and 1.90 for Cilnidipine. The correlation coefficient, y-intercept, slope of the regression line were 0.9996,-1127.1, 3313.9, and 0.9993, 1460.2, 2876.4 for Azilsartan and Cilnidipine, respectively. Moreover, the range of this method was observed to be 40-240μg/ml and 10-60 μg/ml for Azilsartan and Cilnidipine, standard concentrations respectively. The % RSD achieved for precision (repeatability) was observed in the range of 1.57 to 2.43 for Azilsartan and 0.70 to 1.88 for Cilnidipine. The % accuracy was found in the range of 96.96 to 101.92% w/w for Azilsartan and 99.19 to101.96%w/w for Cilnidipine. The percent recovery values achieved for Azilsartan were in the range of 99.87 to 106.39% w/w and for Cilnidipine in the range of 94.51 to 105.96% w/w.
Conclusion: The author concludes that the simultaneous estimation of Azilsartan and Cilnidipine with predefined objectives was successfully achieved. Moreover, the method was found to be steadfast for the quantification of Azilsartan and Cilnidipine in marketed tablet dosage forms.
FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF FIXED-DOSE COMBINATION OF BI-LAYER TABLETS OF EFAVIRENZ, LAMIVUDINE AND TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE TABLETS 600 MG/300 MG/300 MG
Authors: SANKARAIAH JONNA , SHARMA NEERAJ , NAIM MOHD. JAVED
Published: January 2022

Objective: This study is to formulate bi-layer tablet as a multidrug regimen against each reference listed drugs of Brand SUSTIVA® (efavirenz tablets 600 mg), EPIVER®(lamivudine tablets 300 mg), and VIREAD®(tenofovir disoproxil tablets 300 mg) to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Which provides highly active antiretroviral therapy to provide effective treatment.
Methods: Bilayer formulation was developed with each blend of layer-I (efavirenz) and layer-II (lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) through wet granulation process and roller compaction process, respectively. Further, both layers were compressed by using bi-layer compression followed by film coating. Layer-I and II formulations were developed by using various concentrations of diluents, surfactants, and disintegrants to improve the solubility of efavirenz and improve the flowability and uniformity of layer-II. Finally, the optimum formulation was developed to compare the in vitro dissolution with each branded formulation.
Results: Drug-excipients interaction results revealed that the mixtures of three drug substances in 50 °C/75 % relative humidity (RH) resulted in an increase in tenofovir IMP-E and the highest unknown impurity was significantly increased and additionally decreased tenofovir assay in the presence of efavirenz. Sodium lauryl sulfate is very critical and it acts as a wetting agent and increases the solubility of efavirenz, and directly influences the dissolution of a drug product. Microcrystalline and croscarmellose sodium have a chance to affect the dissolution and friability of tenofovir. Powdered cellulose was acting as a diluent and flow property of the lamivudine part and it also affects the uniformity and dissolution. So, these ranges were optimized. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates there are no polymorphic changes for the optimized formulation and there is no interaction between the three active substances, and finally, in vitro dissolution results for the optimized formulation against the reference drugs.
Conclusion: Optimum formulation yielded consistent drug release against each branded drug to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV1) infections. This formulation is robust and easily scale up for the next stage.
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLETS OF TOFACITINIB CITRATE
Authors: RAYKAR MEGHANA , VELRAJ MALARKODI
Published: January 2022

Objective: This study aims to Formulate Mouth Dissolving Tablets (MDTs) of Tofacitinib Citrate with the increase in bioavailability and patient compliance.
Methods: Mouth Dissolving Tablets (MDTs) of Tofacitinib Citrate were developed by full factorial design at 32levelsand prepared by direct compression method using super integrants like sodium starch glycolate, Ludiflash. The tablets were compressed into compacts on a 10 station tablet machine. The bulk drug was characterised by determining, MP, Solubility, pH and FTIR spectra.
Results: The weight variation, hardness and diameter, thickness, friability, drug content, wetting time, in vitro disintegration time and in vitro dissolution studies, and stability study, tablet thickness, weight variation and drug content post compression parameters remained consistent and reproducible. All the formulations showed, almost 100 percent of drug release within 75 min. Formulations F1, F2 and F3 were prepared with 5 mg of SSG and 20 mg, 30 mg, and 40 mg Ludiflash which shows % release of drug in the order of F1<F2<F3. Formulations F4, F5 and F6 were prepared with 10 mg of SSG and 20 mg, 30 mg, and 40 mg Ludiflash which shows % release of drug in the order of F4<F5<F6. Formulations F7, F8 and F9 were prepared with 15 mg of SSG and 20 mg, 30 mg, and 40 mg Ludiflash which shows % release of drug in the order of F7<F8<F9.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the amount of superdisintegrants decreases disintegration time of tablets, decreases wetting time, increases the cumulative % drug release causes better absorption.
A REVIEW OF TREATMENT, RISK FACTORS, AND INCIDENCE OF COLORECTAL CANCER
Authors: ALARYANI FATIMA S. , TURKI ALRDAHE SALMA SALEH
Published: January 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered as the third most frequent cancer in the world and the incidence increases with increasing age. CRC accounts for nearly 9 % of all cancer incidence, with an estimated 1.4 million cases happening in 2012. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of incidence, risk factors, screening strategies, and treatment of colorectal cancer. We searched the studies in five English databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar with no limitation in publication time to find all papers regarding colorectal cancers. Papers with any language were included in the first step of search if they had an English abstract. We used the following words and terms including colorectal cancer, treatment, risk factor, diagnosis, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery. Geographical variations and different time courses in the CRC incidence indicate that environmental factors and lifestyle are major factors in the development of this disease. The main preventable risk factors for CRC are nutrition, a high-fat diet, a low-fiber diet, obesity and physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol consumption, aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and some non-preventable risk factors such as age, gender, race, and diabetes mellitus. Colonoscopy remains the study of choice to diagnose colorectal cancer. Prior to any treatment, CT imaging of chest, abdomen and pelvis with contrast is needed for staging the patient’s CRC. The preferred option for localized colorectal cancer is surgery (etc, laparoscopic surgery, colostomy for rectal cancer); whereas the adjuvant chemotherapy is generally recommended for patients with lymph node metastases. Targeted treatment of colorectal cancer by monoclonal antibodies are important bioengineered proteins that can help the body's natural immune response to detect, attack, and kill cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies may be used alone or in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapy. CRC accounts an important health problem worldwide that is estimated to increase because of the growth and aging of the population, and because of the adoption of at-risk manners and lifestyles, particularly in economically less developed countries. Screening has been confirmed to significantly decrease mortality and can prevent the onset of the disease. More international efforts are required to situate into practice targeted prevention approaches that might reduce the burden of CRC worldwide.