bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silibinin Alleviates Muscle Atrophy Caused by Oxidative Stress Induced by Cisplatin through ERK/FoxO and JNK/FoxO Pathways
Authors: Chi Meng-yi , Zhang Hong , Wang Ya-xian , Sun Xi-peng , Yang Quan-jun , Guo Cheng
Published: January 2022

Cisplatin (DDP), a widely used chemotherapeutic drug in cancer treatment, causes oxidative stress, resulting in cancer cachexia and skeletal muscle atrophy. This study investigated the effects and activity of silibinin (SLI) in reducing DDP-induced oxidative stress and skeletal muscle atrophy in vivo and in vitro. SLI alleviated weight loss, food intake, muscle wasting, adipose tissue depletion, and organ weight reduction induced by DDP and improved the reduction of grip force caused by DDP. SLI can attenuated the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, the decrease in Nrf2 expression, the decrease in the fiber cross-sectional area, and changes in fiber type induced by DDP. SLI regulated the ERK/FoxO and JNK/FoxO pathways by downregulating the abnormal increase in ROS and Nrf2 expression in DDP-treated skeletal muscle and C2C12 myotube cells. Further, SLI inhibited the upregulation of MAFbx and Mstn, the downregulation of MyHC and MyoG, the increase in protein degradation, and the decrease of protein synthesis. The protective effects of SLI were reversed by cotreatment with JNK agonists and ERK inhibitors. These results suggest that SLI can reduce DDP-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by reducing oxidative stress and regulating ERK/FoxO and JNK/FoxO pathways.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles from Fresh Leaf Extracts of Apocynaceae, Carissa spinarum L. (Hagamsa)
Authors: Saka Abel , Tesfaye Jule Leta , Gudata Lamessa , Shanmugam R. , Dwarampudi L. Priyanka , Nagaprasad N. , Krishnaraj Ramaswamy , Rajeshkumar S.
Published: January 2022

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles is a new way to produce nanoparticles by using bioorganic foundations. It is attainment care because it is cost‐effective, eco‐friendly, and comprehensive measure manufacture potentials. The application of leaf extract to depose nanoparticles has been taken as a green method. In this study (Carissa spinarum L.), leaf extracts were reserved for examining their possibility to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Zinc acetate is used as the source of zinc; deposition temperature and time were 80 degree Celsius and 60 minutes, respectively. The characterization study was done by UV‐Vis spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL). The surface plasmon resonance around 358 nm from the UV–Vis qualitative evaluation result represents the ZnO NPs formation. The crystalline shape of nanoparticles is disclosed inside the XRD result, morphology confirmed through SEM effects, and consequently, the ZnO NPs scale was predicted. We have given allotted the image‐catalytic degradation of excitement dye at 365 nm in image reactor victimization ZnO NPs. This will be our preliminary strive at the Carissa spinarum L. extract on ZnO NPs guidance, and degradation reveals that ZnO NPs showcase clever image‐catalytic belongings, and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were created to be operative against Bacillus and Staphylococcus.
A20 Is Increased in Fetal Lung in a Sheep LPS Model of Chorioamnionitis
Authors: Kunzmann Steffen , Hütten Matthias , Ottensmeier Barbara , Kramer Boris W. , Fehrholz Markus
Published: January 2022

Chorioamnionitis is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and aggravates adverse outcomes such as BPD. Development of BPD is associated with chronic inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress in the airways which may be antenatally initiated by chorioamnionitis. A20 is an immunomodulatory protein involved in the negative feedback regulation of inflammatory reactions and is a possible regulator protein in oxidative stress reactions. The influence of chorioamnionitis on A20 gene regulation in the fetal lung is unknown. We characterized the influence of LPS and proinflammatory cytokines on A20 expression in human lung endothelial (HPMEC-ST1.6R) and epithelial (A549) cells in vitro by real-time PCR and/or western blotting and used a sheep model of LPS-induced chorioamnionitis for in vivo studies. To study the functional role of A20, endogenous A20 was overexpressed in HPMEC-ST1.6R and A549 cells. LPS induced proinflammatory cytokines in HPMEC-ST1.6R and A549 cells. Both LPS and/or proinflammatory cytokines elevated A20 at transcriptional and translational levels. Intra-amniotic LPS transiently increased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α mRNA levels in fetal lamb lungs, associated with an increase in A20 mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression of A20 reduced proinflammatory cytokines in vitro. Repeated LPS exposure induced LPS tolerance for proinflammatory cytokines and A20 in vitro and in vivo. Antenatal inflammation induced a transient increase in proinflammatory cytokines in the preterm fetal lung. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines increased expression of A20. Elevated A20 may have a protective role by downregulating chorioamnionitis-triggered fetal lung inflammation. A20 may be a novel target for pharmacological interventions to prevent chorioamnionitis-induced airway inflammation and lung damage, which can result in BPD later in life.
Spatially Varying Relation between Built Environment and Station-Level Subway Passenger-Distance
Authors: Yang Hongtai , Zhao Zhihao , Jiang Chaozhe , Wen Yi , Muneeb Abid Malik
Published: January 2022

As a sustainable mode of transportation, subways bring great convenience to the society. Although there have been many studies examining the relationship between the built environment and the station-level ridership, those studies focused mainly on the ridership, which is defined as the number of trips for each station. While ridership is an important indicator for evaluating subway demand, passenger-distance is another critical indicator that incorporates distance into demand evaluation, which has not yet been fully explored. To fill this gap, this paper investigates the relationship between the built environment around stations and the station-level passenger-distance (SLPD). As noted in previous studies, the relationship between the built environment and travel demand can vary by space. Therefore, a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model and a mixed geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model have been used to explore this spatially varying relationship using Chengdu, China, as an example case. The results were compared with that of an ordinary least squares (OLS) model. The comparison shows that the MGWR model that considers both global and local variables has the best goodness of fit. Results also show that 11 of the 25 potential variables are significantly related to SLPD. The accessibility of the station, station type, such as transfer or terminal, number of bus stops, number of restaurants, density of building area, density of the national road network, and density of the provincial road network, all have a positive correlation with SLPD. Meanwhile, the variables, whether it is a newly opened subway station, density of living points of interest (POIs), and density of railroad network, are all negatively correlated with SLPD. Ten of the eleven significant variables (except accessibility) have spatially varying relationships with SLPD. These findings can serve a useful reference for transportation planners for the demand evaluation.
Prognostic Impact of Inflammation-Based Scores for Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Asakura Riki , Yanagimoto Hiroaki , Ajiki Tetsuo , Tsugawa Daisuke , Mizumoto Takuya , So Shinichi , Urade Takeshi , Nanno Yoshihide , Fukushima Kenji , Gon Hidetoshi , Komatsu Shohei , Kuramitsu Kaori , Goto Tadahiro , Asari Sadaki , Kido Masahiro , Toyama Hirochika , Fukumoto Takumi
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Although the relationship between systemic inflammatory responses and prognosis has been known in various cancers, it remains unclear which scores are most valuable for determining the prognosis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. We aimed to verify the usefulness of various inflammation-based scores as prognostic factors in patients with resected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Methods: We analyzed consecutive patients undergoing surgical resection for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma at our institution between January 2000 and December 2019. The usefulness of the following inflammation-based scores as prognostic factor was investigated: glasgow prognostic score (GPS), modified GPS, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, prognostic nutrition index, C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR), controlling nutritional status (CONUT), and prognostic index. Results: A total of 169 patients were enrolled in this study. Of the nine scores, CAR and CONUT indicated prognostic value. Furthermore, multivariate analysis for overall survival revealed that high CAR (>0.23) was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio: 1.816, 95% confidence interval: 1.135–2.906, p = 0.0129), along with lymph node metastasis and curability. There was no difference in tumor staging and short-term outcomes between the low CAR (≤0.23) and high CAR groups. Conclusions: CAR was the most valuable prognostic score in patients with resected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Tailored Molecular Imaging of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Which Tracer and When
Authors: Di Stasio Giuseppe Danilo , Cuccurullo Vincenzo , Cascini Giuseppe Lucio , Grana Chiara Maria
Published: January 2022

Pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) are rare neoplasms that fall within the category of neuroendocrine tumors. In the last decade, their diagnostic algorithm has been modified to include the evaluation of molecular pathways, genotype, and biochemical phenotype, in order to correctly interpret anatomical and functional imaging results and tailor the best therapeutic choices to patients. More specifically, the identification of germline mutations has led to a three-way cluster classification: pseudo-hypoxic cluster, cluster of kinase receptor signaling and protein translation pathways, and cluster of Wnt-altered pathway. In this context, functional imaging gained a crucial role in the management of these patients in agreement with the ever-growing concept of personalized medicine. In this paper, we provide an overview of three specific molecular pathways targeted by positron-emitting tracers to image PCCs and PGLs: catecholamine metabolism, somatostatin receptors, and glucose uptake. Finally, we recommend different flow charts for use in the selection of tracers for specific clinical scenarios, based on sporadic/inherited tumor and known/unknown mutation status.
A confiança em um governo de crise e retrocesso
Authors: Meneguello Rachel , Porto Fabíola Abrigante del
Published: January 2022

O artigo analisa se e como a experiência da crise sanitária provocada pela pandemia de covid-19 no Brasil, bem como a “resposta” à crise dada pelo governo Bolsonaro, altera a relação de confiança dos cidadãos com o governo. A análise baseia-se no painel “Valores em Crise” (junho de 2020 e fevereiro de 2021) e explora os efeitos do medo da pandemia, das percepções das perspectivas para o futuro do país, da con ança nas mídias sociais e da polarização política sobre a confiança no governo. Os resultados apontam para o forte efeito da autolocalização ideológica com a direita, além da confiança nas mídias sociais e da percepção do impacto positivo da crise sobre o país, achados que apontam para a adesão dos entrevistados às atitudes negacionistas, autoritárias e de estímulo à polarização e ao confronto político do presidente.
Guerra e prostituição em O ciclo das águas, de Moacyr Scliar
Authors: Calixto Lunara Abadia Gonçalves
Published: January 2022

O livro O ciclo das águas, de Moacyr Scliar, publicado pela primeira vez em 1975, foi inspirado na questão do tráfico de mulheres judias trazidas para a América, entre o final do século XIX e meados do século XX, onde eram obrigadas a serem escravas sexuais na Zwi Migdal, uma rede internacional de prostituição. Essas mulheres ficaram conhecidas como polacas, termo que ficou pejorativamente associado a mulheres brancas estrangeiras e prostitutas. Conforme Moacyr Scliar (1985, p. 100): “O Ciclo das Águas tem como pano de fundo o ‘tráfico de brancas’ para a América Latina, particularmente para a Argentina e o Brasil, no período que vai de 1880 a 1930, aproximadamente”. A narrativa entrecruza elementos históricos e ficcionais: a partir da protagonista Esther, há a abordagem do evento da trajetória vivida por centenas de imigrantes judias que se dirigiram para a América, onde acreditavam que encontrariam melhores condições de vida e maior liberdade, mas que, na verdade, acabavam entrando na prostituição para serem escravas sexuais. Quanto ao título da narrativa, O ciclo das águas, há alusão às várias mudanças sofridas pela protagonista, no simbolismo próprio da água, que, em seus movimentos e ciclos, calmos e revoltos, límpidos e sujos, pode remeter a momentos da vida humana e, mais especificamente, à história dessas mulheres que foram prostituídas.
Endothelial Intracellular ANG (Angiogenin) Protects Against Atherosclerosis by Decreasing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Su Enyong , Yu Peng , Zhang Baoli , Zhang Anjing , Xie Shiyao , Zhang Chunyu , Li Su , Zou Yunzeng , Liu Ming , Jiang Hong , Ge Junbo
Published: January 2022

Background:

ANG (angiogenin) is essential for cellular adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a process closely associated with cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the role of ANG in the progression of atherosclerosis and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods:

We constructed adenoassociated virus 9 ANG overexpression vectors and endothelial ANG- and ApoE (apolipoprotein E)-deficient mice to determine the effects of ANG on ER stress and atherosclerotic lesions. RNA sequencing of endothelial ANG- and ApoE-deficient mice identified ANG-dependent downregulation of ST3GAL5 (ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5) expression, and the direct regulation of ST3GAL5 by ANG was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and luciferase reporter assay results.

Results:

Reanalysis of expression profiling datasets indicated decreased ANG levels in patients’ atherosclerotic lesions, and these data were validated in aortas from ApoE
−/−
mice. ER stress marker and adhesion molecule levels, aortic root lesions and macrophage deposition were substantially reduced in ApoE
−/−
mice injected with an adenoassociated virus 9 ANG without signal peptide (ANG-ΔSP) overexpression vector compared with empty and full-length ANG overexpression vectors. Endothelial ANG deficiency significantly elevated ER stress and increased adhesion molecule expression, which aggravated atherosclerotic lesions and enhanced THP-1 monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Furthermore, ANG-ΔSP overexpression significantly attenuated oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced ER stress and THP-1 monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, which were reversed by ST3GAL5 inhibition.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that endothelial intracellular ANG is a novel therapeutic against atherosclerosis and exerts atheroprotective effects via ST3GAL5-mediated ER stress suppression.
One God, Two Powers, and the Rabbinic Rejection of Subordinationism
Authors: Grossberg David Michael
Published: January 2022

This article furthers our understanding of rabbinic theology through an examination of its characteristic modes of expression. I demonstrate that although the rabbinic literature frequently polemicizes against perceived deviant theologies, it refrains from explicit expressions of God’s unity. This disinclination derives from the target and intent of rabbinic theological polemic. The rabbis’ opponents were not Christian binitarians who believed in multiple divine persons, but what I will refer to as Jewish subordinationists who believed in created divine agents through which God acts in the world. The rabbis were therefore less concerned with the ontological nature of God’s unity than they were with distancing all other beings from God’s sole sovereignty. My work provides additional textual support for the growing scholarly consensus that Jewish proponents of Logos theologies were among the rabbis’ earliest opponents, but it challenges the current convention that interprets these theologies in a primarily Christian binitarian context.
3. Traditions and Limitations of Participatory Research
Authors: Martinez-Vargas Carmen
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores the complexities of investigating participatory approaches as a research field. The chapter divides the field into four major research areas (industrial, development, Indigenous, and educational) in order to clarify the diverse foundational assumptions of different practices and their distinct theoretical grounds.

After the exploration of these branches, the major challenges for the field are summarised. The chapter investigates issues around individual/collective practices, the contested terms and application of participation in different practices, credibility and validity within the academic context, and the challenges arising from embracing diverse practices. This chapter focuses on the gaps between each of the four proposed branches and decoloniality, highlighting spaces where we might usefully introduce the Capabilities Approach as a theoretical frame. Thus, this chapter provides the starting point for a conceptualisation of participatory capabilities-based research, in order to resolve certain limitations of these four branches.
8. DCR for Socially Just Higher Education
Authors: Martinez-Vargas Carmen
Published: January 2022

Chapter Eight focuses on the idea of justice and the challenges and lessons learned from the South African case study (Sen, 1999). It combines conceptual and empirical elements, prompting a conversation between the five DCR principles and elements from the data in this project to conceptualise this DCR practice. The principles are reviewed and their application in the South African case is explored alongside their contribution to social justice and decolonisation.

The chapter considers social justice as a contested term that has been influenced historically by various dominant visions and perspectives (Capeheart & Milevanovic, 2007). These visions have tended to universalise just criteria in order to assess and seek a ‘perfect society’ from above—usually from an elitist and paternalist social class. However, this book presents an incomplete vision of justice that must be contextualised for us to create a public debate and scrutinise perspectives that do not necessarily need to be unified (Sen, 2011). The chapter argues that to achieve social justice in knowledge production and research practices within higher education we do not need to create a universal application of DCR.
9. Redrawing Our Epistemic Horizon
Authors: Martinez-Vargas Carmen
Published: January 2022

The concluding chapter focuses on the book’s specific contributions to scholarly knowledge. It considers the book’s conceptual/empirical contributions, such as the creation of a participatory capabilities-based research process (De Sousa Santos, 2015). The second section highlights the book’s methodological contributions. It focuses on the case study, and certain limitations of current participatory practices. The third section focuses on pedagogical contributions in the classroom, alongside possible applications in educational policy. Here diverse uses and applications are highlighted, broadening the use of DCR as a pedagogical tool, for instance as a guide for creating context-relevant curriculums. In summary, this section contemplates the implications of using DCR for institutional practices and policies.

To conclude, the chapter outlines the future directions of DCR and how these practices may be expanded in the field of participatory research. It compares other traditions of participatory research, highlighting DCR’s possibilities and limitations, and the centrality of networks for the progression and application of this tool in the future.
A 10-Year Climatology of Midlevel Mesoscale Vortices in China
Authors: Shu Yu , Sun Jisong , Chenlu Jin
Published: January 2022

The mesoscale vortex (MV) is an important rain-producing system. In this study, the reanalysis data and satellite precipitation products are used to classify MVs into three categories: mesoscale convective vortex (MCV), mesoscale stratiform vortex (MSV), and mesoscale dry vortex (MDV). Then, these three categories of midlevel MVs in China from 2007 to 2016 are investigated. A total of 21 053 MVs are obtained. Most MVs form in the northwest of parent convection, and 45% of MVs generate secondary convection. The Tibetan Plateau is the main MV source region. Steered by the westerlies, MVs mainly move eastward. MCV is active in summer, MDV in winter, and MSV in spring and autumn. MCV diurnal variations are closely related to local topography, and MDVs mainly form around midnight. Composite analyses show that MCVs form near the high-value center of convective available potential energy at the development stage of parent convection. The composite MCV forms near the low pressure trough and the thermal ridge at 500 hPa, and a low-level jet exists to the south of the MCV center. At the initiation and maturity stages of MCV, strong convergence and divergence respectively exist at low levels and 400 hPa. The vortex circulation mainly locates near 500 hPa. Above the vortex is a warm core associated with the latent heat release, and below is a cold anomaly related to the cold pool. In the downshear region, there is strong low-level convergence and ascending motion, higher humidity, and greater latent heat release, which favor the formation of secondary convection.
Tropical Cyclone Data Assimilation with Coyote Uncrewed Aircraft System Observations, Very Frequent Cycling, and a New Online Quality Control Technique
Authors: Aksoy Altug , Cione Joseph J. , Dahl Brittany A. , Reasor Paul D.
Published: January 2022

A unique dataset obtained from the Coyote small uncrewed aircraft system (sUAS) in the inner-core boundary layer of Hurricane Maria (2017) is assimilated using NOAA’s Hurricane Ensemble Data Assimilation System (HEDAS) for data assimilation and Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) system for model advances. The case of study is 1800 UTC 23 September 2017 when Maria was a category-3 hurricane. In addition to the Coyote observations, measurements collected by the NOAA Lockheed WP-3D Orion and U.S. Air Force C-130 aircraft were also included. To support the assimilation of this unique dataset, a new online quality control (QC) technique in HEDAS scales the observation–background difference by the total uncertainty during data assimilation and uses the interquartile range outlier method to identify outlier observations. Experimental setup includes various very frequent cycling scenarios for a control that does not assimilate Coyote observations, assimilation of Coyote observations in addition to the control observations, and the application of online QC. Findings suggest progressively improved analyses with more-frequent cycling, Coyote assimilation, and application of online QC. This applies to verification statistics computed at the locations of both Coyote and non-Coyote observations. In terms of the storm structure, only experiments that assimilated the Coyote observations were able to reproduce the double-eyewall structure that was observed at the time of the analysis, which is more consistent with the intensity of the storm according to the observations that were collected. Limitations of the study and future plans are also discussed.

Significance Statement

Findings from this study illustrate the significant impact difficult-to-obtain, near-surface observations can have on improving the accuracy of tropical cyclone structure and intensity. Adding these novel measurements in a way that also includes advanced cycling and quality control techniques in data assimilation has the potential to improve public forecasts that are reliant upon detailed depictions of storm strength and boundary layer structure prior to landfall. The results speak to the importance of parallel and consistent advancements in modeling, data assimilation, and observational capabilities to improve the depiction of the tropical cyclone inner-core structure in numerical models.
Sea Surface Temperature Impact on Diurnal Cycle and Seasonal Evolution of the Guinea Coast Rainfall in Boreal Spring and Summer
Authors: Tanguy Manuel , de Coëtlogon Gaëlle , Eymard Laurence
Published: January 2022

ERA5 reanalyses and observations of convective clouds and precipitation are used over the northern Gulf of Guinea between 7°W and 3°E to study the influence of ocean surface temperature and the land–sea temperature gradient on Guinea Coast rainfall (GCR) in boreal spring and summer. Seasonal composites are calculated around two dates indexing the onset (Tref) and demise (Tend) of the GCR. The Tref date corresponds to the emergence of the equatorial upwelling in boreal spring, which “pushes” the zonal precipitation belt northward against the Guinea coast. The Tend date characterizes the emergence of the coastal upwelling in July, which is known to coincide with the beginning of the “Little Dry Season” that lasts until September. Along the Guinea Coast, the diurnal cycle of the air–sea temperature gradient controls precipitation through the land–sea breeze, which explains why precipitation reaches its maximum around noon over the ocean, and in the late afternoon over the continent. The emergence of the Guinea Coast upwelling in July induces a weakening of southerlies on a seasonal scale, and a weaker land breeze on a diurnal scale. It induces a decrease in the convergence of humidity transport across the coast and in coastal oceanic precipitation. Therefore, the GCR is seasonally controlled by the latitude of the maximum tropospheric water vapor content and the annual cycle of the West African monsoon, but the ocean surface temperature is responsible for the abruptness of its onset via the intensification of the equatorial upwelling around the end of May, and possibly of its demise as well via the emergence of the coastal upwelling by early July.
HCV Infection Alters Salivary Gland Histology and Saliva Composition
Authors: Maldonado J.O. , Beach M.E. , Wang Y. , Perez P. , Yin H. , Pelayo E. , Fowler S. , Alevizos I. , Grisius M. , Baer A.N. , Walitt B. , De Giorgi V. , Alter H.J. , Warner B.M. , Chiorini J.A.
Published: January 2022

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common blood-borne chronic infection in the United States. Chronic lymphocytic sialadenitis and sicca syndrome have been reported in chronic HCV infection. Up to 55% of these patients may have xerostomia; the mechanisms of the xerostomia and salivary gland (SG) hypofunction remain controversial. The objectives of this project are to establish if xerostomia associates with SG and HCV infection and to characterize the structural changes in SG and saliva composition. Eighteen HCV-infected patients with xerostomia were evaluated for SG dysfunction; 6 of these patients (patients 1–6) were further evaluated for SG histopathological changes and changes in saliva composition. The techniques used include clinical and laboratory assessment, SG ultrasonography, histological evaluation, sialochemical and proteomics analysis, and RNA in situ hybridization. All the HCV patients had low saliva flow, chronic sialadenitis, and SG fibrosis and lacked Sjögren syndrome (SS) characteristic autoantibodies. Further evaluation of a subgroup of 6 HCV patients (patients 1–6) demonstrated diffuse lymphocytic infiltrates that are predominantly CD8+ T cells with a significant increase in the number of inflammatory cells. Alcian Blue/periodic acid–Schiff staining showed significant changes in the ratio and intensity of the acinar secretory units of the HCV patients’ minor SG. The submandibular glands showed significant ultrasonographic abnormalities in the parenchyma relative to the parotid glands. Significant changes were also observed in the concentration of sodium and mucin 5b. Although no significant correlation was observed between the lymphocytic infiltrates and the years of HCV chronic infection, a positive correlation was observed between HCV RNA–positive epithelial cells and the years of HCV infection. Consistent with the low saliva flow and xerostomia, patients showed changes in several markers of SG acinar and ductal function. Changes in the composition of the saliva suggest that HCV infection can cause xerostomia by mechanisms distinct from SS.
Are the recommendations in coronial prevention of future death (PFD) reports realistic and achievable?
Authors: King Rebecca , Benbow Emyr Wyn
Published: January 2022

Prevention is better than cure. Coroners are not often thought to have a role in prevention, even though they have a duty to produce prevention of future death reports. Such reports are supposed to stimulate changes to prevent further deaths from recognised problems, but we speculated that they do not achieve their purpose. The reports are categorised, published online and are publicly available. This study set out to analyse prevention of future death reports to understand how far they prompt change, in two healthcare-related categories. Reports dated in 2020 were reviewed and data were collated detailing the contents of each one and whether there was a response. Results showed that the prevention of future death reports are inconsistent with regard to the details they included and there is no evidence that concerns raised by Coroners stimulate significant, widespread change in the healthcare system.
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Mediated the Relationship Between Reflective Functioning and Borderline Personality Symptoms Among Non-Clinical Adolescents
Authors: Kahya Yasemin , Munguldar Koret
Published: January 2022

The literature has established the associations between reflective functioning (RF), affect regulation, and the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms. We aimed to examine the mediator role of difficulties in emotion regulation on the relationship between RF and BPD symptoms in a non-clinical adolescent sample. The sample was composed of 546 Turkish adolescents with a mean age of 16.18 ( SD = 1.67). Of the sample, 62.5% were adolescent girls and 37.5% of boys. In the present cross-sectional research, volunteer adolescents along with parental permission filled out Socio-Demographics Form, Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and Borderline Personality Inventory on paper during counseling sessions at schools. Process macro was used to conduct mediation analyses. Compromised RF was related to an increase in adolescent borderline personality symptoms, both directly and indirectly via difficulties in emotion regulation. In this non-clinical adolescent sample, a lower degree of certainty, as well as a higher degree of uncertainty about the mental states, were related to a propensity to emotion dysregulation, specifically experiencing emotions less clearly, approaching emotions impulsively, and facing emotions without a modulation strategy. These associations were in turn related to an increase in borderline personality symptoms. The present research results suggest RF and emotion regulation problems as one field of early intervention for adolescents with BPD symptoms.
Ranking of Iranian medical universities based on altmetric indices
Authors: Ramezani Aboozar , Javad Ghazimirsaeed Seyed , Ramezani-Pakpour-Langroudi Fatemeh , Siamian Hasan , Hossein YektaKooshali Mohammad , Papi Ahmad , Aligolbandi Kobra
Published: January 2022

This study was aimed at evaluating the Iranian medical universities’ rankings and altmetric indices in ResearchGate and Academia.edu. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using a scientometric method. Social networking measures were collected in MS Excel from January to February 2017. Data were analysed using SPSS software and the Spearman, chi-square and Kendall rank coefficient tests. Ranking information and altmetric indices of 50 Iranian medical universities were collected and analysed. All of the type-1 medical universities have been presented in the Academia.edu and ResearchGate social networks. A statistically significant relationship ( P < 0.05) has been found between the ranking systems of the universities with altmetric indicators, such as the number of members in both social networks, the number of publications and the total RG score in ResearchGate. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the ranking of medical universities based on the H-index of science metrics with their presence in the ResearchGate social network ( P < 0.05). The results of this study reveal a relationship between the universities’ ranking systems and altmetric indicators. These findings emphasise the necessity of increasing the presence of faculty members in social network activities in disseminating and sharing knowledge.
Do Teachers’ Perceptions of High Cultural Responsiveness Predict Better Behavioral Outcomes for Students?
Authors: Fallon Lindsay M. , Veiga Margarida B. , Susilo Annisha , Kilgus Stephen P.
Published: January 2022

Teachers’ perceptions of high cultural responsiveness in the classroom may be related to positive behavioral outcomes (e.g., higher academic engagement, lower social risk), but little research has explored this possibility. This article addresses this research gap by building upon findings from a preliminary paper in which these relationships were evidenced. Specifically, we present two interrelated follow-up studies. Study 1 examined the relationship between ratings of 20 U.S. teachers on a measure of cultural responsiveness, the Double Check Self-Refection Tool, and students’ observed classroom behavior. Results from multilevel modeling indicated that higher Double Check scores significantly predicted higher academic engagement and lower disruptive behavior for 454 students observed. Study 2 investigated the relationship between ratings of 30 U.S. teachers on the Double Check Self-Refection Tool and ratings of 622 students’ risk on the Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener (SAEBRS). Results indicated higher Double Check scores were associated with lower ratings of students’ social and emotional risk. Findings also indicated identification as a Black student and a student with a disability predicted teachers’ perceptions of higher risk, consistent with previous research. As results remain preliminary, implications include recommendations for additional research and high-quality professional development to promote teachers’ cultural responsiveness.
Molecular basis and clinical perspectives of deep brain stimulation for major depressive disorder
Authors: Teixeira Saulo Araújo , Moreira Jorge Lucas de Sousa , Sousa Narah Régia Tavares , Pereira Andrezza Maria de Carvalho , Rodrigues Paloma Nóbrega , Santos Adriano Siqueira dos , Andrade Ana Maria Lima Carneiro de , Rolim Neto Modesto Leite , Araújo Jaime Emanuel Brito , Machado Sávio Samuel Feitosa , Vieira Nélio Barreto , Lima Danielly Gonçalves Sombra , Filho Francisco Helder Pereira
Published: January 2022

It is possible to consider the stimulation of the cingulate gyrus in its portion below the corpus callosum (SCC, or subcallosal cingulate cortex) as an effective, promising, and safe alternative intervention for treatment-resistant depression. In studies with deep brain stimulation - DBS, when follow-on with functional magnetic resonance imaging and/or PET-CT (Positron emission tomography–computed tomography) is performed, it is observed an increase in the blood supply and glucose metabolism in this region, which is the anterior part of the limbic system. This same location has good experimental results also for the treatment of anorexia nervosa. The hypotheses suggest a greater activation of the reward system, a greater sense of well-being, and a consequent reduction in depressive symptoms, the objective of the treatment. Over the last 20 years, multicenter studies have shown symptomatic improvement in 50–60% of patients, and about a third even reach criteria for remission of the depressive disorder.
Low Body Mass Index in Females May Portend Inferior Outcomes After Primary Hip Arthroscopy: A Propensity-Matched Analysis With Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Jimenez Andrew E. , Glein Rachel M. , Owens Jade S. , George Tom , Maldonado David R. , Saks Benjamin R. , Lall Ajay C. , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: January 2022

Background:

There is a paucity of literature evaluating the effect of low body mass index (BMI) in female patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy.

Purpose:

(1) To report minimum 2-year patient-reported outcome scores for female patients with low BMI who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and (2) to compare these results with a propensity-matched control group of female patients with normal BMI.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3

Methods:

Data were collected on all female patients who had low BMI (<18.5) and underwent primary hip arthroscopy between April 2008 and January 2019. Patients were excluded if they had a previous hip arthroscopy; had workers’ compensation; were unwilling to participate in the study; or had Tönnis osteoarthritis grade >1, acetabular dysplasia, or a previous hip condition. Minimum 2-year patient-reported outcomes were collected for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score, Hip Outcome Score–Sport Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), visual analog scale for pain, and satisfaction. The percentage of patients achieving the minimal clinically important difference (MCID), Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS), and maximum outcome improvement satisfaction threshold (MOIST) was also recorded. These patients were propensity matched in a 1:2 ratio to female patients with normal BMI for comparison.

Results:

A total of 43 patients (49 hips) were included with a mean ± SD follow-up of 26.9 ± 8.3 months, age of 24.1 ± 12.6 years, and BMI of 17.7 ± 0.67. These patients demonstrated significant improvement from presurgery to minimum 2-year follow-up for the mHHS, Non-Arthritic Hip Score, HOS-SSS, and visual analog scale ( P < .05). When outcomes were compared with 93 control patients (97 hips), female patients with low BMI demonstrated lower rates of achieving the PASS for the mHHS (61.2% vs 77.3%; P = .041) and HOS-SSS (39.5% vs 57.1%; P = .031). Rates of achieving the MCID and MOIST were similar between the groups ( P > .05). Female patients with low BMI also had higher rates of revision when compared with the control group, but this did not reach statistical significance (14.2% vs 7.2%; P = .171).

Conclusion:

Female patients with low BMI undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome demonstrated significant improvement in patient-reported outcomes at minimum 2-year follow-up. When compared with a propensity-matched control group with normal BMI, these patients demonstrated lower rates of achieving the PASS for the mHHS and HOS-SSS. Low BMI in females undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS may adversely affect outcomes at short-term follow-up.
Comparison of the Coracoid, Distal Clavicle, and Scapular Spine for Autograft Augmentation of Glenoid Bone Loss: A Radiologic and Cadaveric Assessment
Authors: Rodriguez Santiago , Mancini Michael R. , Kakazu Rafael , LeVasseur Matthew R. , Trudeau Maxwell T. , Cote Mark P. , Arciero Robert A. , Denard Patrick J. , Mazzocca Augustus D.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Glenohumeral instability caused by bone loss requires adequate bony restoration for successful surgical stabilization. Coracoid transfer has been the gold standard bone graft; however, it has high complication rates. Alternative autologous free bone grafts, which include the distal clavicle and scapular spine, have been suggested.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of glenoid bone loss (GBL) restored via coracoid, distal clavicle, and scapular spine bone grafts using a patient cohort and a cadaveric evaluation.

Methods:

Autologous bone graft dimensions from a traditional Latarjet, congruent arc Latarjet, distal clavicle, and scapular spine were measured in a 2-part study using 52 computed tomography (CT) scans and 10 unmatched cadaveric specimens. The amount of GBL restored using each graft was calculated by comparing the graft thickness with the glenoid diameter.

Results:

Using CT measurements, we found the mean percentage of glenoid restoration for each graft was 49.5% ± 6.7% (traditional Latarjet), 45.1% ± 4.9% (congruent arc Latarjet), 42.2% ± 7.7% (distal clavicle), and 26.2% ± 8.1% (scapular spine). Using cadaveric measurements, we found the mean percentage of glenoid restoration for each graft was 40.2% ± 5.0% (traditional Latarjet), 53.4% ± 4.7% (congruent arc Latarjet), 45.6% ± 8.4% (distal clavicle), and 28.2% ± 7.7% (scapular spine). With 10% GBL, 100% of the coracoid and distal clavicle grafts, as well as 88% of scapular spine grafts, could restore the defect ( P < .001). With 20% GBL, 100% of the coracoid and distal clavicle grafts but only 66% of scapular spine grafts could restore the defect ( P < .001). With 30% GBL, 100% of coracoid grafts, 98% of distal clavicle grafts, and 28% of scapular spine grafts could restore the defect ( P < .001). With 40% GBL, a significant difference was identified ( P = .001), as most coracoid grafts still provided adequate restoration (congruent arc Latarjet, 82.7%; traditional Latarjet, 76.9%), but distal clavicle grafts were markedly reduced, with only 51.9% of grafts maintaining sufficient dimensions.

Conclusions:

The coracoid and distal clavicle grafts reliably restored up to 30% GBL in nearly all patients. The coracoid was the only graft that could reliably restore up to 40% GBL.

Clinical Relevance:

With “subcritical” GBL (>13.5%), all autologous bone grafts can be used to adequately restore the bony defect. However, with “critical” GBL (≥20%), only the coracoid and distal clavicle can reliably restore the bony defect.
Comparison of Autologous Osteoperiosteal and Osteochondral Transplantation for the Treatment of Large, Medial Cystic Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Shi Weili , Yang Shuai , Xiong Shikai , Xu Mengtong , Pi Yanbin , Chen Linxin , Jiang Dong , Zhao Feng , Xie Xing , Jiao Chen , Hu Yuelin , Guo Qinwei
Published: January 2022

Background:

Autologous osteoperiosteal transplantation (AOPT) using graft harvested from the iliac crest is used to treat large cystic osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs). However, no studies have compared clinical and radiologic outcomes between AOPT and autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOCT) using graft harvested from the nonweightbearing zone of the femoral condyle of the ipsilateral knee in patients with large cystic OLTs.

Purpose:

To compare clinical and radiologic outcomes between patients undergoing AOPT and those undergoing AOCT for large cystic OLTs.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Between March 2015 and March 2018, patients who underwent AOCT and AOPT to treat medial large cystic OLTs (>10 mm) were retrospectively evaluated. For comparability, the 2 groups were matched 1:1 based on their characteristics, including sex, age, body mass index, side of injury, follow-up period, and the preoperative cyst volume. After propensity score matching, 23 patients were enrolled in each group for the analysis. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and the Tegner score. Donor-site morbidity was recorded according to the symptoms, including pain, stiffness, swelling, and discomfort. In addition, the Lysholm score was used to assess the most common knee donor-site morbidity. Radiologic outcomes were evaluated using the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score, and the International Cartilage Regeneration & Joint Preservation Society (ICRS) score was obtained during second-look surgery.

Results:

The mean follow-up period was about 48 months. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics and lesion volumes between groups. Postoperative ankle pain VAS score, AOFAS score, and Tegner score were not significantly different between groups at final follow-up. Total donor-site morbidity ( P = .004) and discomfort morbidity ( P = .009) were significantly lower in the AOPT group than in the AOCT group. However, the Lysholm score showed no significant difference between the donor knee and the opposite knee ( P = .503) in the AOCT group. The MOCART and ICRS scores were not significantly different between groups.

Conclusion:

Clinical and radiologic outcomes of patients who underwent AOPT from the iliac crest were found to be comparable with those of patients who underwent AOCT from the ipsilateral knee for the treatment of medial large cystic OLTs. These results may be helpful for orthopaedic surgeons to decide appropriate treatments for patients with large cystic OLTs.