bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uma introdução ao estudo da Companhia Estrada de Ferro Melhoramentos do Brasil
Authors: Vaz Ana Beatriz Pacheco Lima , Borges Magno Fonseca
Published: June 2016

Neste trabalho buscamos apresentar algumar reflexões preliminares sobre a Estrada de Ferro Melhoramentos do Brasil e sua relação com o desenvolvimento de Governador Portela.
The Influence of Rice Husk Ash Addition on the Properties of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymers
Authors: Borges Paulo H. R. , Nunes Vitor A. , Panzera Tulio H. , Schileo Giorgio , Feteira Antonio
Published: June 2016

This paper investigates the replacement of metakaolin (MK) with rice husk ash (RHA) in the production of alkali-activated binders or geopolymers. The influence of the RHA addition on compressive and flexural strength, as well as water absorption and apparent porosity were determined, in terms of the percentage of RHA in the mixture and molar ratios of the mixes. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were carried out to assess the changes in the microstructure of the geopolymer matrices with the RHA addition. Results have shown that RHA may be a supplementary precursor for geopolymers. The composition of the geopolymer matrices containing 0-40% RHA is very similar, which indicates that the additional Si provided by RHA is not incorporated to the geopolymer matrix. In addition, geopolymers with RHA content higher than 40% present a plastic behavior, characterized by extremely low strength and high deformation, which can be attributed to the formation of silica gel in formulations containing variable Si/Al ratio.
Breve Resumo do Intinerário Histórico da Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva
Authors: Anjos Meire Aparecida Mendes dos , Silva Luciana de Araújo Mendes
Published: June 2016

A Educação Especial, modalidade educacional destinada ao atendimento de alunos com necessidades educativas especiais sofreu ao longo de sua historicidade mudanças em sua configuração, reformulando gradativamente seus paradigmas e conceitos. Este estudo refere-se a uma revisão literária, propondo um passeio pela história da Educação Especial na perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva, procurando conhecer suas características nos diferentes momentos históricos. A pesquisa evidenciou que desde os primórdios da história da humanidade na sociedade primitiva, o menosprezo e o desinteresse com os deficientes eram evidentes, deixando-os sem qualquer forma de atendimento, seguido num segundo momento pelo assistencialismo segregador nas instituições especializadas oferecendo apenas o indispensável a sua sobrevivência, surgindo posteriormente a ótica integracionista. Todos esses pontos refletem as várias formas com que foram assistidos os portadores de deficiência no decorrer da história. A integração foi sem dúvida o ponto de partida para a inserção de novas práticas menos excludentes na Educação Especial, porém ainda requeria um desdobramento do aluno para se adaptar a escola. O surgimento de novos ideários e conseqüentemente novas políticas e legislações trouxe modificações no atendimento a pessoa com deficiência. Por volta dos anos 90, a disseminação da proposta de inclusão trouxe um novo formato para a sociedade contradizendo-se ao integracionismo, alargando-se até os dias atuais. Tais ideias expressam uma visão de escola que se adapta e se condiciona para atender indistintamente a diversidade e constituem o ponto de referência das principais polêmicas e debates da sociedade contemporânea.
A identidade dos cotistas do PET Conexões Educomunicação e a sua proposta política de acção
Authors: Rodrigues Edmilson Jesus Varela , Santos Adriana C. Omena , Sousa Gerson de
Published: June 2016

O artigo aborda sobre a identidade dos petianos cotista da UFU, bem como a proposta política do PET cotista. Este programa tem cunho interdisciplinar e abarca os alunos do curso de jornalismo, pedagogia e licenciaturas. Esses alunos são provenientes das comunidades populares urbanas, de uma família de baixo nível económicos e provenientes de escolas públicas. Inseridos no PET, os estudantes desenvolvem actividades e pesquisas extensionistas que abrangem tanto a comunidade académica quanto as comunidades populares urbanas, com vista a promoverem a troca de saberes entre essas duas comunidades. Ao focar sobre a identidade, ela é construída socialmente e é algo ainda que para alguns dos petianos está em construção. Se para alguns tentam resgatar os padrões familiares para manter essa identidade, para outros precisam sair desse modelo para construir em outros campos que não seja na família. O facto de a identidade ser uma construção social, não pode ser compreendido e apartado da diferença: ambos conceitos estão em estreita conexão com a relação do poder nos campos sociais onde os indivíduos estabelecem relações com os outros.
Táticas argumentativas no discurso religioso midiático neopentecostal
Authors: Silva André Luiz de Castro , Araújo Marcelo Marques
Published: June 2016

O presente artigo analisa as táticas argumentativas usadas pela mídia eletrônica da Comunidade Evangélica Sara Nossa Terra. Tal instituição religiosa se apropria tanto no rádio quanto na televisão de argumentos que funcionam de maneira estratégica e atraente a partir de elementos que qualificam o dizer com o intuito de promover a interação e a fidelização dos fiéis. Aqui apresentaremos um recorte da pesquisa desenvolvida no mestrado que apresenta os efeitos de sentido do discurso religioso praticado pela denominação liderada pelo bispo Robson Rodovalho. A pesquisa de caráter exploratória e qualitativa expõe os conceitos relativos à argumentação e o campo religioso. Através da análise de sequências discursivas do programa “Vida com Esperança” veiculado na Rede Gênesis de Televisão e na Rádio Sara Brasil FM verificamos as tipologias argumentativas, os recursos e elementos argumentativos construídos a partir dos quadros teóricos dos estudos da argumentação apoiados principalmente em Perelman & Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005) e Ducrot (2009). As análises apresentaram enunciados que provocam efeitos de sentido aos quais destacamos a referência ao mundano, à obediência ao divino, a eficiência da palavra, a credibilidade de exemplos triunfais, a segurança pela “verdade bíblica” e a confiança plena em Deus.
Nutritional analysis of nuts extract of Juglans regia l.
Authors: Raja* G. , Shaker Ivvala Anand , Inampudi Mr.
Published: June 2016

Juglans regia L. (Walnut) is the most widespread tree nut in the world. Nuts are used by mankind for food, edible oils, spices, condiments or beverages. They have been an important food source from prehistoric times and are among the most nutritionally concentrated of human foods, high in protein, oil, energy, minerals and vitamins. Nuts that are only rarely used as famine food have been excluded from this present study partly because of the paucity information available but mainly because they are not normally considered edible. Nuts used solely for spices or condiments have also been largely excluded since they are used sparingly, to flavor food and not as a food; traditionally they are considered separately from edible nuts. Nuts that are largely used as commercial sources of edible oil are not discussed in any great detail since they are already adequately dealt with in the literature. Present study is an attempt to determine the amount of biomolecules, mineral and vitamins present in nuts extract of Juglans regia L. The study was set up to determine the quantity of biomolecules, mineral and vitamins present in nuts extract of Juglans regia L. using various analytical models. Total carbohydrates, total protein, alkaloids, phosphorus, Iron, vitamin C, E and catalase activity of nuts extract of Juglans regia L. were determined using various biochemical experimental models. The nutritional analyses of nuts extract of Juglans regia L. were determined in different experimental models and it was observed that presence of the test compounds in all the models.
Comparison of previous reports in indoor patients-a potential tool for internal quality assurance in clinical biochemistry
Authors: Bansal Parveen
Published: June 2016

Laboratory testing is an important and integral part of the decision-making process and strongly influences medical diagnosis and therapies. Normally the extraneous results in a clinical report raise a doubt towards the quality assurance program of a laboratory. This communication is intended to highlight the potential use of previous reports of indoor patient in an indoor hospital laboratory as a tool for quality assurance. In this study approximately 10% of the doubtful reports were picked up randomly and the results were compared with the earlier reports of the patient retrieved from database. The study revealed that there was a significant reduction of more than 80% in the test repeats resulting in decrease in expenses on repeat tests (80%).There was a significant average reduction of time and human resource investment, decrease in the instrument working hours and increased workflow efficiency due to reduction in the test repeats. Moreover there was an increase in the confidence level of consultant towards quality control program and authenticity of the reports.
Antimutagenic effects of compounds obtained from Eclipta alba linn. against strains of Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Nagarajan* Prabhu , Sundaramoorthy Vigneshwari Ramakrishnan , Innocent Danialas Joseph Pushpa
Published: June 2016

In this experimental study, antimutagenic activity of compounds obtained from Eclipta alba Linn was screened by using Ames assay for detecting direct mutagenic activity and those requiring the metabolic activation. The crude compound extracted from Eclipta alba was considered as antimutagen and analyzed in this experiment. Two strains of Salmonella typhimurium, TA163 and TA96 were used to analyze the test. These two strains are confirmed as histidine requiring mutant strains. When the mutagen is added to the culture, the strain is mutated back, thereby loosing the histidine dependence for its growth. By this study, the crude compound of Eclipta alba prevents the strain to be mutated back to the non dependence for the genotyping of the Salmonella strains were performed by histidine requirement, rfa mutation analysis, UVrB mutation, R-factor analysis toxicity tests and antimutagenicity assay.  The antimutagens obtained from the plant extract were determined for antimutagenic activity against direct acting mutagens and mutagen needing activation. For direct acting mutagens, NPD (N- nitro-o-phenyl diamine), MNNG (N- methyl-N-nitro-N-nitro soguanidine) and NaNa3 (sodium azide) with 1mg of the plant extract gives 98%, 95.2% and 90.7% inhibition the reverted colonies were observed whereas the mutagen needing activation 2-AAf (2-acetyl aminofluorine) gives 96.6% inhibition was observed. These above results indicated that the extract could inhibit the mutagenicity induced by direct acting mutagens as well as mutagens needing activation. Thus the extracts isolated from the test plant have possibility of antimutagenic activity of compound and further biochemicals extracted from the test plant will be analyzed.
Antimicrobial activities of selected medicinal plants of the Tugens of Koibatek, district, Kenya.
Authors: N.* Maara T. , Macharia Dr. , O. Ahenda J.
Published: June 2016

Based on the number of ailments a plant is used to treat and the difficulty in propagating them from seeds, nine top ranked species were selected for this study. Plant barks were extracted, air dried, ground to moderately fine powder and soxhlet extracted with methanol. The extracts were screened for alkaloids, sterols, saponins, flavanoids and anthraquinones. Antimicrobial tests were performed with five bacteria and one fungus strains using agar diffusion method. Brine Shrimp Lethality test was also used to test for bioactivity. Probit analysis on a Finney computer program was used to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) for half of the test organisms. Ethnobotanical survey results indicated that the local people used 47 medicinal tree species and their uses were identified. Two to four secondary compounds were recorded in extracts of all species. Extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against one to four types of bacteria with inhibition zones ranging from 18 – 34 mm. Extracts from all species except Myrica salicifolia, Toddalia asiatica and Rauvolfia caffra showed antifungal activity.
TRANSVAGINAL SONOGRAPHY VERSUS SALINE INFUSION SONOHYSTEROGRAPHY FOR EVALUATION OF ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING IN PERIMENOPAUSAL AGE GROUP
Authors: Madhok Rajneesh , Arya Shashibala , Goel J. K. , Chandra Anjali , Sinha M. , Goel Ruchica , Raturi S.
Published: June 2016

Introduction: The present study was conducted to evaluate the validity of Transvaginal Sonography (TVS) in perimenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), validity of saline infusion sonohysterography in perimenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the above mentioned modalities.
Material and Methods: It was a prospective comparative study of TVS and Saline Infusion Sonohysterography (SIS) in 100 perimenopausal women presenting with AUB. The findings of TVS and SIS was compared with histopathology.
Result: The sensitivity of TVS for submucosal fibroid, polyp, intramural fibroid and endometrial hyperplasia was found to be 50%,44.44%, 40%, 33.33% respectively while specificity being 88.29%, 95.60%, 88.88%, 95.60% respectively. The sensitivity of SIS for endometrial hyperplasia and submucosal fibroid was found to be same (66.66%) whereas for polyp and intramural fibroid was 55.55% and 50% respectively. Specificity of SIS for polyp, endometrial hyperplasia, intramural fibroid and submucosal fibroid was found to be 98.90%,95.60%,92.2% and 90.42% respectively. Overall sensitivity and specificity of TVS was 79.4% and 75.8 % respectively whereas for SIS is 82.4% and 80.3% respectively.
Conclusion: SIS is simple, highly sensitive and specific technique to detect intrauterine pathology.
CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN CANCER CERVIX TREATED WITH CONCURRENT CHEMORADIATION
Authors: Kang Manraj S. , Sahni Kamal , Kumar Piyush , Madhok Rajneesh , Saxena Ratna , Singh D. P.
Published: June 2016

Introduction: Cervical cancer is most common cancer in the rural and second most common in urban areas of our country. It accounts for 16% of all cancers. There are various clinical, Paper Submission Datepathological and radiological factors which dictate the prognosis of these cancer cervix patients. The present study evaluates clinical, pathological and radiological prognostic factors in cancer cervix treated with concurrent chemoradiation.
Material and Methods: A total of 32 patients seen between 2012 and 2014 patients planned concurrent chemoradiation were evaluated in terms of clinical (age, stage, Hb% and HPV Paper Publication Date infection), pathological (histopathology type and subtype, grade, mitotic index, lymph-July 2016 vascular invasion and necrosis) and radiological (parametrial extension, disease dimension, lymph node, hydronephrosis and vascularity of tumour) prognostic factors. After pre-DOI treatment evaluation patient was planned for 3 Dimentional-Conformal Radiotherapy (50Gy/25#/5 weeks) with concurrent chemotherapy (Cisplatin 35mg/m2) followed by 3 applications of Intracavitary radiotherapy (6Gy/fraction) with 6 months follow up. Response was accessed according to WHO response criteria and univariate analysis was done using chi-square test.
Results: Clinical factors: Age better disease free survival in older patients (p value=0.003), stage - Lower stage had better survival (for stage Ib-IIa vs stage IIb p value = 0.003 and for stage Ib vs. IIIb p value = 0.0005), Hb% - 57% patients with Hb less than 10g/dl had recurrence at end of 6 months (p value=0.00001), HPV High recurrence with HPV presence. Pathological factors like high Mitotic Index had more residual disease (p=0.0009), grade - No statistical significance. Radiological factors- volume of disease - 35 % patients with volume of disease > 6 cm had disease at end of 6 months, hydronephrosis - 40 % patient with hydronephrosis had recurrence (p value = 0.0005) at end of 6 months follow up and vascularity of tumour showed statistically no difference.
Conclusion: Hb less than 10%, HPV infection, Mitotic index (3-5/HPF), stage IIIB, pelvic nodes were concluded as the independent poor prognostic factors.
VARIATION IN THE INSERTION OF BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Agarwal Jolly , Arora N. K. , Agarwal Anurag
Published: June 2016

Introduction: Biceps brachii is a large, fusiform muscle of upper limb having two heads of origin; the short head arising by a thick flattened tendon from the apex of the coracoid process Paper Submission Dateand the long head from supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. The flattened tendon at the lower end rotates as it passes through the cubital fossa to its insertion into the posterior border of tuberosity of the radius. Case History: During routine cadaveric dissection of undergraduate teaching program in SRMS IMS, Bareilly,we found rare variation in the insertion of biceps. We observed unilateral Paper Publication Date variation in the insertion of biceps muscle. The biceps tendon at its insertion was divided into July 2016 three distinct parts. Main tendon of long head inserts on radial tuberosity. This tendon of long head sends musculotendinous slip to pronator teres muscle. The short head sends DOI musculotendinous slip to flexor carpi radialis and its tendon does not insert on radial tuberosity despite formation of common belly with long head. The origin of muscle is normal and from two heads short head and long head. The muscle is supplied by musculocutaneous nerve. Conclusion: The triple tendon insertion may allow an element of independent function of each portion of the biceps, and during repair of an avulsion, the surgeon should ensure correct orientation of both tendon components.
Optimum configurations of annulus with triangular fins for laminar convection
Authors: Iqbal Zafar , Syed Khalid , Ishaq Muhammad
Published: June 2016

Optimum configurations of a finned annulus with longitudinal fins of
triangular cross-section have been investigated numerically for the
enhancement of overall (hydraulic and thermal) performance so that optimum
use of energy and saving of cost may be achieved. A steady, laminar and
incompressible flow is considered in the fully-developed region of the finned
annulus subjected to the thermal boundary condition of constant heat transfer
rate per unit axial length. Optimization has been carried out by using
genetic algorithm. Finite element method is employed to perform the numerical
simulation of the flow and provide function values to the optimizer. Using
surface flow area goodness factor as the objective function, various optimum
configurations have been proposed depending on practical and industrial
requirements. A comparison of the present optimum configurations has been
carried out with those based on the Nusselt number as an objective function.
The results indicate that the present objective function gives, in many
cases, cost- and weight-efficient optimum configurations with considerable
reduction in pressure loss and provides optimum use of energy along with
saving of the cost. Relative performance measures recommend the use of at
least 18 fins to have trade off between the gain in heat transfer coefficient
and loss in the pressure gradient.
Experimental investigations of effect of sound waves on oscillation and startup characteristics of oscillating heat pipe at different orientations
Authors: Jagtap Harshal , Wankhede Uday
Published: June 2016

This research deals with the effects of working fluid and use of sound waves on the startup and heat transfer characteristics in terms of thermal resistance of a closed loop oscillating heat pipe. The performance of the oscillating heat pipe is checked for different orientations as 90? (vertical position), 60?, and 30?. Initially water is used as working fluid and performance of the oscillating heat pipe is checked with and without sound waves. Then 0.1 wt.% Al2O3-water nanofluid is utilized as working fluid in oscillating heat pipe and its performance is analyzed with and without sound waves. In this work, sound waves of 1 kHz frequency are passed through the evaporator section of closed-loop oscillation heat pipe. Application of sound waves improved the oscillation characteristics of the CLOHP with reduced startup time and enhanced thermal performance at all orientations. In comparison between working fluids, 0.1 wt.% Al2O3-water nanofluid showed better oscillation characteristics at all orientations of CLOHP except at 90? where use of sound waves leads to dry-out condition.
Laminar aiding and opposing mixed convection in a vertical channel with an asymmetric discrete heating at one wall
Authors: Laouche Nassim , Korichi Abdelkader , Popa Catalin , Polidori Guillaume
Published: June 2016

Detailed numerical simulations are carried out for aiding/opposing mixed convection in a rectangular channel with an asymmetric discrete heating. The governing equations were solved by the finite volume method using OpenFoam? open source code. Based on streamline patterns, temperature maps, velocity and thermal profiles, and Nusselt number evolution an extensive analysis on the effects of Richardson number in the range ?5 to +5 for both opposed and aided buoyancy on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics is presented and discussed.
Correlates of Medication Adherence in the TODAY Cohort of Youth With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Katz Lorraine Levitt , Anderson Barbara J. , McKay Siripoom V. , Izquierdo Roberto , Casey Terri L. , Higgins Laurie A. , Wauters Aimee , Hirst Kathryn , Nadeau Kristen J. ,   for the TODAY Study Group
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE

To identify factors that predict medication adherence and to examine relationships among adherence, glycemic control, and indices of insulin action in TODAY (Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 699 youth 10–17 years old with recent-onset type 2 diabetes and ≥80% adherence to metformin therapy for ≥8 weeks during a run-in period were randomized to receive one of three treatments. Participants took two study pills twice daily. Adherence was calculated by pill count from blister packs returned at visits. High adherence was defined as taking ≥80% of medication; low adherence was defined as taking <80% of medication. Depressive symptoms, insulin sensitivity (1/fasting insulin), insulinogenic index, and oral disposition index (oDI) were measured. Survival analysis examined the relationship between medication adherence and loss of glycemic control. Generalized linear mixed models analyzed trends in adherence over time.

RESULTS

In this low socioeconomic cohort, high and low adherence did not differ by sex, age, family income, parental education, or treatment group. Adherence declined over time (72% high adherence at 2 months, 56% adherence at 48 months, P < 0.0001). A greater percentage of participants with low adherence had clinically significant depressive symptoms at baseline (18% vs. 12%, P = 0.0415). No adherence threshold predicted the loss of glycemic control. Longitudinally, participants with high adherence had significantly greater insulin sensitivity and oDI than those with low adherence.

CONCLUSIONS

In the cohort, the presence of baseline clinically significant depressive symptoms was associated with subsequent lower adherence. Medication adherence was positively associated with insulin sensitivity and oDI, but, because of disease progression, adherence did not predict long-term treatment success.
'Active Surfaces' as Possible Functional Systems in Detection and Chemical (Bio) Reactivity
Authors: Housecroft Catherine E. , Fanget Axel , Constable Edwin C. , Lanzilotto Angelo , Wiesler Alexandra , Szponarski Mathieu , Piel Ellen , Zhang Xiaoyan , Mikhalevich Viktoria , Calame Michel , Meier Wolfgang , Gademann Karl , Palivan Cornelia G. , Stoop Ralph L.
Published: June 2016

This article presents design strategies to demonstrate approaches to generate functionalized surfaces which have the potential for application in molecular systems; sensing and chemical reactivity applications are exemplified. Some applications are proven, while others are still under
active investigation. Adaptation and extension of our strategies will lead to interfacing of different type of surfaces, specific interactions at a molecular level, and possible exchange of signals/cargoes between them. Optimization of the present approaches from each of five research groups
within the NCCR will be directed towards expanding the types of functional surfaces and the properties that they exhibit.
Interfacing Functional Systems
Authors: Cotelle Yoann , Ward Thomas R. , Gademann Karl , Palivan Cornelia G. , Meier Wolfgang , Reddy Sai T. , Postupalenko Viktoriia , Lörcher Samuel , Bohni Nadine , Wehlauch Robin , Lebrun Vincent , Lascano Santiago , Chuard Nicolas , Matile Stefan
Published: June 2016

The objective of molecular systems engineering is to move beyond functional components and primary systems, towards cumulate emergent properties in interfaced higher-order systems of unprecedented multifunctionality and sophistication.
Influence of habitat type on the decay and disappearance of elkCervus canadensispellets in boreal forest of northwestern Canada
Authors: Jung Thomas S. , Kukka Piia M.
Published: June 2016

Fecal pellet counts are often used to assess trends in ungulate population size and habitat use. However, various factors may influence the physical decay and disappearance of pellets, where disappearance may be a result of physical decay and other factors (e.g. trampling, scattering and concealment by vegetation). Knowing pellet decay and disappearance rates in different habitats is a prerequisite to acquiring reliable information from pellet counts. We examined elkCervus canadensispellet decay and disappearance of individual pellets and pellet groups in six habitats in the boreal forest of northwestern Canada. We monitored 120 pellet groups deposited in May 2008 at 4, 12, 16 and 28 month intervals (i.e. the end of each of three plant growing seasons) to assess differences in physical decay and disappearance. Pellet decay and disappearance varied among habitats. In moist habitats, pellets showed little sign of decay by the end of our study, likely due to a short plant growing season. In drier, open habitat types, pellet decay was more rapid, likely due to exposure to sun and wind. By the end of our study, the percent of pellets remaining varied from a 14–82% among the sampled habitats. Pellets in moist forest habitats had the lowest decay rates but the highest disappearance rates, whereas those in dry, grassland sites had the highest decay, but the lowest disappearance rates. Our study further demonstrates that ungulate pellet decay and disappearance may differ substantially among habitats, which has important implications for the design of ungulate monitoring programs that utilize pellet counts. We conclude by recommending that fecal accumulation rate (FAR) methods are likely more appropriate in our study area than fecal standing crop (FSC) methods for estimating elk density, because FAR methods are less prone to biases associated with differential pellet decay and disappearance among habitats.
Economic Ideology about the Environment. From Adam Smith to Bjørn Lomborg
Authors: Aage Hans
Published: June 2016

For more than a century, economic theory has largely neglected resources and the environment. This, along with faith in market incentives and rational price calculation, as well as extrapolation of recent historical experience, accounts for environmental optimism among economists. In his 2001 book, Bjørn Lomborg reiterates economic ideology in its extreme form and adds further arguments about long-term cost-benefit analysis, unlimited growth, and the motives of environmentalists. The author of the present article, however, recognizes all of seven techniques of ideological distortion (i.e. mixing knowledge with beliefs and preferences) in his argumentation. These include the suppression of relevant information, the repetition and conciliation of false statements and concepts, the application of non-relevant theory, and ungrounded suspicion as regards the motives of opponents. Today, economic ideology is at last gradually disappearing, and economics can hence give a substantial, if marginal, contribution to environmental science, notably as regards the study of markets and prices, incentives, and the effects of various policy instruments. In particular, the author points out similarities between certain problems of monetary and environmental policy.
Zimbabwe’s Chinhoyi Caves: 1845-1945
Authors: Kwashirai Vimbai C.
Published: June 2016

This study historicises environmental issues at the Chinhoyi Caves that are of contemporaneous resonance with the ecological crisis faced by the modern world. It deals with important themes like water-resource management, indigenous knowledge and its efficacy in the preservation of nature, colonialism and its environmental implications, forest use and deforestation, dislocation and displacement of indigenous people, and the interaction of the local with the global. The subject addressed here has global dimensions and is related to the ongoing debate on Western-indigenous and human-nature interactions. From about 1845 to 1890, the Leya and Kore Kore communities strategically established homesteads, pastures and hunting grounds in proximity of the Chinhoyi Caves, Chinhoyi District, northern Zimbabwe. They survived on the available natural resources: fertile and well-watered soils for the production of various food crops, particularly millet, pastures for livestock, as well as edible wildlife and spontaneously growing fruit and roots. As a strategic niche offering a source of water as well as protection from enemies, the Chinhoyi Caves played a role in political conflicts. The caves also had significant cultural and religious importance, as they served as a sacred religious centre for rainmaking ceremonies (mupwerera). Sacred forests around the caves (rambotemwa) could only be cut with political and religious sanction. Indigenous knowledge and practices of water-forest consumption and conservation were embedded in religion and taboo. These customs were changed from the 1890s under British colonialism. The caves came to international prominence in 1888, when hunters and travellers like Frederick Selous wrote about them. European settlers of Italian origin expropriated indigenous lands, displacing the Leya and Kore Kore onto dry and infertile areas. A wealthy Italian officer, Margherito Guidotti, sponsored the first agricultural group settlement scheme, involving ten Italian settler farmers. In 1900, the caves were gazetted as a national park. From a sacred site, the Chinhoyi Caves thus became a tourist destination.
Agriculture, Health, Environment. Interview with Piero Bevilacqua
Authors: Fusco Idamaria
Published: June 2016

This interview with Piero Bevilacqua, professor of contemporary history at “La Sapienza” University in Rome and a scholar with multiple interests, focuses on agriculture, health and the environment: three aspects which today, even more than in the past, are closely intertwined, since improper farming methods can seriously damage our environment and, hence, our health. The interview touches on a broad range of subjects: from the use of pesticides, which poison the soil and pollute underground water, to the “Green Revolution”, that is, technical innovation based on so-called “improved” seeds, and on chemical fertilizing, weed killers, and a very high consumption of water and energy; from GMOs to biodynamic and biological agriculture, and the respect of biodiversity; from modern farming’s wasteful use of water, a scarce resource today, to Common Agricultural Policy, which is presently striving to limit food overproduction and, hence, nonsustainable exploitation of farmland. Bevilacqua looks at these themes in a long-term perspective, since the present deterioration of world agriculture, and of the environment with it, is a process whose roots reach far back into time. In this interview, the scholar auspicates restoring old farming wisdom, setting back in motion the “virtuous circle” on which agriculture was formerly based, which reused all production waste, and giving up on the notion of agriculture as just any branch of capitalist production—an activity, that is aimed at meeting a commercial demand rather than actual needs. The conclusions we can draw from Bevilacqua’s words are, all in all, positive. All this deterioration around us, he assures us, is not irreversible, and in the Western world there is an increasingly strong drive towards quality, towards an agriculture making the most of typical products, biodiversity, and the old traditions of places and landscapes. A drive, that is, towards an agriculture where true wealth resides in the diversity and different identities of peoples.
Immediate Impact of Kidney Transplantation on Blood Pressure  Single Center Experience
Authors: Rahman Md Anisur , Mitra Palash , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Samdani Tasrina Shamnaz , Hossain Md Golzar , Billah Md Mostarshid , Haque Wasim Md Mohosinul , Mansur Md Abul , Khoda Md Mehfuz E
Published: June 2016

Introduction and Aims: Hypertension (HTN) can be either a cause or a consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kidney transplantation is the most preferred mode of treatment of end stage kidney disease (ESKD). Long term outcome of the renal allograft after kidney transplantation largely depends upon good control of blood pressure (BP). The aim of this study was to observe the status of blood pressure and anti-hypertensive requirement of the kidney transplant recipients in post-kidney transplant hospital stay period.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in BIRDEM General Hospital from January 2007 to July 2014. A questionnaire was formed and data were collected from the hospital records. We divided the patients according to primary cause of ESKD in group 1 (due to diabetes mellitus), group 2 (due to chronic glomerulonephritis) and group 3 (patients with hypertension).Results: Total number of patients was 82, male were 56 and female were 26. Mean age was 38.49 ± 10.58 years. Most of the patients belonged to group 2 (35, 42.68%) followed by group 1 (25, 30.48%) and group 3 (22, 26.83%). After kidney transplantation both mean systolic and mean diastolic BP decreased significantly (p-value 0.000). To control BP only 9(10.98%) patients required increased dose of antihypertensive drugs after transplantation. In patients with HTN as primary disease change in number of antihypertensive drugs was not significant (p-value 0.069) unlike to the other two groups. Before kidney transplantation in only 9.76% patients BP could be kept within acceptable reference range with or without anti-hypertensive medication but after transplantation it was 68.29% with less number of drugs.Conclusion: In this study population, the blood pressure could be kept within acceptable reference range with less number of anti-hypertensive drugs during discharge after kidney transplantation.Birdem Med J 2015; 5(1) Supplement: 25-28
Status and seasonal occurrence of birds in Dhaka University campus
Authors: Banu Mst Farhana Arzuman , Akash Muntasir , Chowdhury Gawsia Wahidunnessa , Hossain Md Anwar
Published: June 2016

A study was conducted on the status and seasonal occurrence of the birds in Dhaka University campus, from July, 2013 to February, 2014. During the study period, 54 species of birds belonging to 10 orders, 27 families and 47 genera were recorded. Of the recorded species of birds, 10 (19%) species were found as migrants and 44 (81%) as residents. Out of total species, 14 (26%) were identified as very common, 7 (13%) common, 10 (19%) uncommon, and 23 (43%) as rare. Of the resident species, 14 (25%) were very common residents, 26 (48%) common residents, 3 (6%) uncommon residents, 1 (2%) was rare resident and of the migrants, 7 (13%) were common winter visitors and 3 (6%) were found as uncommon winter visitors. From the study site, 28 (52%) species of passerine birds were observed and remaining 26 (48%) were non-passerines. The highest number of birds was recorded in dry period/winter season (November - February) and the lowest in wet period/monsoon (July - October).Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 25(1): 27-37, 2016
Water quality parameters of six selected oxbow lakes (baors) in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Gawsia W , Bulbul Mosammat Sharmin , Sarker Bhakta Supratim
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableDhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 25(1): 91-95, 2016
Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase and Antityrosinase Activities of Malaysian Cinnamomum Species
Authors: Salleh Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan , Ahmad Farediah , Yen Khong Heng
Published: June 2016

The extracts of the leaves and bark of five Cinnamomum species (C. altissimum, C. griffithii, C. javanicum, C. macrocarpum, and C. velutinum) were screened to evaluate their antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antityrosinase activities. The bark of C. altissimum showed the highest phenolic content (130.1 mg GA/g), free radical scavenging by DPPH (IC50 126.2 ?g/mL) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays (341.2 mg AA/g). All of the extracts inhibited linoleic acid peroxidation by greater than 70%, with the leaves of C. altissimum exhibiting the highest inhibition of 87.7%. The leaves of C. javanicum revealed the highest inhibition on anticholinesterase (AChE 30.8%) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE 46.8%) enzymes. The leaves and bark of C. altissimum and C. velutinum exhibited greater than 20% tyrosinase inhibition, with the leaves of C. altissimum having the highest percentage of inhibition (34.6%). These bioactivities indicate that some Cinnamomum species have therapeutic potential in medicinal research and development of new drugs candidates.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(2): 125-132, 2015 (December)
Avoiding Low Energy Routing Node in MANET Based on Critical Energy Level
Authors: Shahariar Rezvi , Naser Abu , Morsed Riham
Published: June 2016

Mobile ad hoc network is a temporary wireless network consisting of mobile nodes. Frequent route breakage is a common event in Every node is equipped with battery energy. This form of energy is one of the scarce resources in MANET. This paper is focused on promiscuous mode to observe packets coming from the nodes within a direct transmission range. At the same time critical energy of a  routing node is used to find the low energy node on an ongoing route. This low energy node will perform local route repairing scheme such as QLR-APM to find alternate node of low energy node which avoids route breakage in MANET. This approach prevents route breakage and the same time packet loss and retransmission of packets are reduced in MANET. Thus it is easily seen that QLR-APM incorporating this proposed approach outperforms than QLR-APM.Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 64(1): 39-44, 2016 (January)
Structural Properties and Crystallization Behavior of FINEMET Fe74Cu1.5Nb2.5Si12B10 Alloy Under Different Annealing Condition
Authors: Hossain Enayet , Choudhury Shamima , Saha DK , Hakim MA
Published: June 2016

The effect of annealing condition on nanocrystalline amorphous FINEMET type of alloy with nominal composition Fe74Cu1.5Nb2.5Si12B10 prepared by rapid solidification method has been studied to observe the structural properties and crystallization behavior of the material. Nanocrystalline alloy with ferromagnetic bcc nanocrystals with size 15-29 nm embedded in a residual amorphous matrix was produced from amorphous precursor by appropriate annealing condition. The amorphosity of the material, primary crystallization temperature, the nanometric grain size, Si content and the lattice parameter of Fe(Si) nano-phase have been determined from XRD patterns of the samples annealed at different temperatures ranging from 475°C - 650°C with annealing time 5, 12, 20 and 30 minutes. The annealing temperature 475°C (with annealing time of 12 minutes) was determined as primary crystallization temperature with grain size 15 nm, Si content 16.25 at.% and lattice parameter 2.8431 Å. The grains were found to grow rapidly after 550°C attaining a maximum value of 29 nm at the annealing temperature of 650°C. The grain size and Si content increase whereas the lattice parameter decreases with the increase of annealing temperature and time.Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 64(1): 71-75, 2016 (January)
An Evaluation of an Improper Integral Arises from an Analytic Solution of a Model Boltzmann Equation for Photon Transport
Authors: Das Taposh Kumar
Published: June 2016

In this article we adopted the Mathematical model of solution of an improper integral which is created from the solution of the Boltzmann Transport equation (BTE) for photons. For the dose calculation of radiotherapy for cancer treatment, we need to solve the Boltzmann Transport equation. This improper integral is the important part of the BTE. Also the calculating time of the dose calculation is mostly dependent on the calculating time of this improper integral. For reducing the calculating time we need the minimum integrating area which is explained in this paper.GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc.Vol. 35 (2015) 87-94
A Model to Determinate the Influence of Probability Density Functions (PDFs) of Input Quantities in Measurements
Authors: Caja Jesús , Maresca Piera , Gómez Emilio
Published: June 2016

A method for analysing the effect of different hypotheses about the type of the input quantities distributions of a measurement model is presented here so that the developed algorithms can be simplified. As an example, a model of indirect measurements with optical coordinate measurement machine was employed to evaluate these different hypotheses. As a result of the different experiments, the assumption that the different variables of the model can be modelled as normal distributions is proved.
Tuning CNT Properties for Metal-Free Environmental Catalytic Applications
Authors: Rocha Raquel , Soares Olívia , Figueiredo José , Pereira Manuel
Published: June 2016

The application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as metal-free catalysts is a novel approach for heterogeneous liquid phase catalytic systems. Textural and chemical modifications by liquid/gas phase or mechanical treatments, as well as solid state reactions, were successfully applied to obtain carbon nanotubes with different surface functionalities. Oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur are the most common heteroatoms introduced on the carbon surface. This short-review highlights different routes used to develop metal-free carbon nanotube catalysts with enhanced properties for Advanced Oxidation Processes.
Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Fully Developed Turbulent Flows of Graphene Nanoplatelets–Silver/Water Nanofluids
Authors: Safaei Mohammad , Ahmadi Goodarz , Goodarzi Mohammad , Safdari Shadloo Mostafa , Goshayeshi Hamid , Dahari Mahidzal
Published: June 2016

This study examined the heat transfer coefficient, friction loss, pressure drop and pumping power needed for the use of nanofluid coolants made of a mixture of suspension of graphene nanoplatelets–silver in water in a rectangular duct. A series of calculations were performed for the coolant volume flow rate in the range of 5000 ≤ Re ≤ 15,000 under a fully developed turbulent flow regime and different nanosheet concentrations up to 0.1 weight percent. The thermo-physical properties of the nanofluids were extracted from the recent experimental work of Yarmand et al. (Graphene nanoplatelets-silver hybrid nanofluids for enhanced heat transfer. Energy Convers. Manag. 2015, 100, 419–428). The presented results indicated that the heat transfer characteristics of the nanofluid coolants improved with the increase in nanosheet concentration as well as the increase in the coolant Reynolds number. However, there was a penalty in the duct pressure drop and an increase in the required pumping power. In summary, the closed conduit heat transfer performance can be improved with the use of appropriate nanofluids based on graphene nanoplatelets–silver/water as a working fluid.
Determination of Watershed Infiltration and Erosion Parameters from Field Rainfall Simulation Analyses
Authors: Grismer Mark
Published: June 2016

Realistic modeling of infiltration, runoff and erosion processes from watersheds requires estimation of the effective hydraulic conductivity (Km) of the hillslope soils and how it varies with soil tilth, depth and cover conditions. Field rainfall simulation (RS) plot studies provide an opportunity to assess the surface soil hydraulic and erodibility conditions, but a standardized interpretation and comparison of results of this kind from a wide variety of test conditions has been difficult. Here, we develop solutions to the combined set of time-to-ponding/runoff and Green– Ampt infiltration equations to determine Km values from RS test plot results and compare them to the simpler calculation of steady rain minus runoff rates. Relating soil detachment rates to stream power, we also examine the determination of “erodibility” as the ratio thereof. Using data from over 400 RS plot studies across the Lake Tahoe Basin area that employ a wide range of rain rates across a range of soil slopes and conditions, we find that the Km values can be determined from the combined infiltration equation for ~80% of the plot data and that the laminar flow form of stream power best described a constant “erodibility” across a range of volcanic skirun soil conditions. Moreover, definition of stream power based on laminar flows obviates the need for assumption of an arbitrary Mannings “n” value and the restriction to mild slopes (<10%). The infiltration equation based Km values, though more variable, were on average equivalent to that determined from the simpler calculation of steady rain minus steady runoff rates from the RS plots. However, these Km values were much smaller than those determined from other field test methods. Finally, we compare RS plot results from use of different rainfall simulators in the basin and demonstrate that despite the varying configurations and rain intensities, similar erodibilities were determined across a range of infiltration and runoff rates using the laminar form of the stream power equation.
Mechanisms of TGFβ-Induced Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Moustakas Aristidis , Heldin Carl-Henrik
Published: June 2016

Transitory phenotypic changes such as the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) help embryonic cells to generate migratory descendants that populate new sites and establish the distinct tissues in the developing embryo. The mesenchymal descendants of diverse epithelia also participate in the wound healing response of adult tissues, and facilitate the progression of cancer. EMT can be induced by several extracellular cues in the microenvironment of a given epithelial tissue. One such cue, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), prominently induces EMT via a group of specific transcription factors. The potency of TGFβ is partly based on its ability to perform two parallel molecular functions, i.e. to induce the expression of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, which sequentially and in a complementary manner help to establish and maintain the EMT, and to mediate signaling crosstalk with other developmental signaling pathways, thus promoting changes in cell differentiation. The molecules that are activated by TGFβ signaling or act as cooperating partners of this pathway are impossible to exhaust within a single coherent and contemporary report. Here, we present selected examples to illustrate the key principles of the circuits that control EMT under the influence of TGFβ.
Cohen Macaulayness and Arithmetical Rank of Generalized Theta Graphs
Authors: Seyyedi Seyyede , Rahmati Farhad
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we study some algebraic invariants of the edge ideal of generalized theta graphs, such as arithmetical rank, big height and height. We give an upper bound for the difference between the arithmetical rank and big height. Moreover, all Cohen-Macaulay (and unmixed) graphs of this type will be characterized.