bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteome analysis of human CD56neg NK cells reveals a homogeneous phenotype surprisingly similar to CD56dim NK cells
Authors: Voigt Jenny , Malone David F.G. , Dias Joana , Leeansyah Edwin , Björkström Niklas K. , Ljunggren Hans‐Gustaf , Gröbe Lothar , Klawonn Frank , Heyner Maxi , Sandberg Johan K. , Jänsch Lothar
Published: July 2018

NK cells lacking CD56 (CD56neg) were first identified in chronic HIV‐1 infection. However, CD56neg NK cells also exist in healthy individuals, albeit in significantly lower numbers. Here, we provide an extensive proteomic characterisation of human CD56neg peripheral blood NK cells of healthy donors and compare them to their CD56dim and CD56bright counterparts. Unbiased large‐scale surface receptor profiling clustered CD56neg cells as part of the main NK cell compartment and indicated an overall CD56dim‐like phenotype. Total proteome analyses of CD56neg NK cells further confirmed their similarity with CD56dim NK cells, and revealed a complete cytolytic inventory with high levels of perforin and granzyme H and M. In the present study, twelve proteins discriminated CD56neg NK cells from CD56dim NK cells with nine up‐regulated and three down‐regulated proteins in the CD56neg NK cell population. Those proteins were functionally related to lytic granule composition and transport, interaction with the extracellular matrix, DNA transcription or repair, and proliferation. Corroborating these results, CD56neg NK cells showed modest cytotoxicity, degranulation, and IFN‐ɣ secretion as compared to CD56dim NK cells. In conclusion, CD56neg NK cells constitute functionally competent cells sharing many features of bona fide CD56dim NK cells in healthy individuals, but with some distinct characteristics.
Simultaneous enantioseparation of methcathinone and two isomeric methylmethcathinones using capillary electrophoresis assisted by 2‐hydroxyethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Nowak Paweł Mateusz , Olesek Katarzyna , Woźniakiewicz Michał , Kościelniak Paweł
Published: July 2018

Methcathinone (ephedrone), 4‐methylmethcathinone (mephedrone), and 3‐methylmethcathinone (metaphedrone) are toxicologically‐important cathinone derivatives used commonly as designer drugs. In this work we show the first method allowing to separate simultaneously all these molecules in a chiral medium, ensuring good resolution between all enantiomers. Eight cyclodextrins have been tested as potential chiral selectors, the best results were obtained with 2‐hydroxyethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, unreported so far for efficient separation of cathinones. After optimization, the method was calibrated and validated with and without the use of internal standard. The addition of standard improved an overall repeatability and precision, the use of electrophoretic mobility ratio was especially favorable (RSD < 1%). It was demonstrated that the method may be easily extended by introducing the additional cathinone‐related drugs to the sample, maintaining satisfactory separation efficiency.
Coordinative similitude law considering fluid‐structure interaction for underwater shaking table tests
Authors: Li Zhong‐Xian , Wu Kun , Shi Yundong , Li Ning , Ding Yang
Published: July 2018

Generally, when a model is made of the same material as the prototype in shaking table tests, the equivalent material density of the scaled model is greater than that of the prototype because mass is added to the model to satisfy similitude criteria. When the water environment is modeled in underwater shaking table tests, however, it is difficult to change the density of water. The differences in the density similitude ratios of specimen materials and water can affect the similitude ratios of the hydrodynamic and wave forces with those of other forces. To solve this problem, a coordinative similitude law is proposed for underwater shaking table tests by adjusting the width of the upstream face of the model or the wave height in the model test to match the similitude ratios of hydrodynamic and wave forces with those of other forces. The designs of the similitude relations were investigated for earthquake excitation, wave excitation, and combined earthquake and wave excitation conditions. Series of numerical simulations and underwater shaking table tests were performed to validate the proposed coordinative similitude law through a comparison of coordinative model and conventional model designed based on the coordinative similitude law and traditional artificial mass simulation, respectively. The results show that the relative error was less than 10% for the coordinative model, whereas it reached 80% for the conventional model. The coordinative similitude law can better reproduce the dynamic responses of the prototype, and thus, this similitude law can be used in underwater shaking table tests.
Kaupapa Māori Evaluation in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Cram Fiona , Pipi Kataraina , Paipa Kirimatao
Published: July 2018

Kaupapa Māori evaluation is literally about doing evaluation a Māori (Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand) way. While the methods we use are often those from western evaluation practice, our methodology and the paradigm within which we operate are Māori. Our use of these methods enables Māori organizations and communities to meet their accountability requirements for the funding they receive to deliver services and programs to their people and to the wider community. At the same time as we are undertaking these evaluations, we are also encouraging those we work with to increase their own evaluation capacity. Part of this is thinking outside of the western evaluation “square” to incorporate traditional decision‐making ways into how they capture outcomes and improve service delivery. The Kaupapa Māori evaluation journey we describe here is about how we currently practice, and our ambitions for the true decolonization of evaluation.
Conceptualizing Evaluation in African Contexts
Authors: Gaotlhobogwe Michael , Major Thenjiwe Emily , Koloi‐Keaikitse Setlhomo , Chilisa Bagele
Published: July 2018

This chapter explores the meaning of decolonization and indigenization and the importance of these terms in conceptualizing research and evaluation in formerly colonized nations. We provide an exploration of ways in which efforts to “Africanize” the theory and practice of evaluation can be translated into widespread practice. In doing so, the rationale for an African‐rooted and African‐driven evaluation is discussed. We describe four evaluation conceptual frameworks: the least indigenized, integrative, predominantly Indigenous, and third space evaluation methodology. At the heart of these conceptual frameworks is the Indigenous knowledge systems that must be restored, protected, revitalized, and afforded justice. Our argument is that philosophical assumptions specific to African cultures and histories should inform evaluation theory and practice. The emerging evaluation practices will then emanate from the cultures and values of the African peoples.
The Process of Becoming: A Roadmap to Evaluation in Indian Country
Authors: Martinez Art , Running Wolf Paulette , BigFoot Dolores Subia , Randall Carlette , Villegas Malia
Published: July 2018

When tribal communities hear the word “evaluation,” it often invokes a reactive fear and a sense of disempowerment. This dynamic is based on the historical trauma experienced in tribal communities, as well as their continuing experience of deficit‐based evaluations. In addressing questions that are important for a western scientific audience, evaluators invariably overlook more relevant and valid areas of cultural learning and development. Such deficit‐based evaluation practices must be replaced by more culturally responsive evaluation practice that engages fully with tribal communities, and where all involved have a commitment to cultural ways of knowing and learning. Evaluation must embark upon the process of engaging with cultural strengths in a manner that empowers Indigenous communities and builds Indigenous knowledge. This allows for both the generation and honoring of Indigenous knowledge development. This chapter describes the process of developing an evaluation roadmap to do just this task within an American Indian child welfare context.
Clinical characteristics of cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease and its related pattern in 18F‐FDG PET imaging
Authors: Wu Lei , Liu Feng‐Tao , Ge Jing‐Jie , Zhao Jue , Tang Yi‐Lin , Yu Wen‐Bo , Yu Huan , Anderson Tim , Zuo Chuan‐Tao , Chen Ling , Wang Jian
Published: July 2018

This study aimed to characterize the clinical features and the related cerebral glucose metabolism pattern of cognitive impairments in Parkinson's disease (PD) with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. We recruited 168 PD patients and 100 age‐matched healthy controls of similar education and gender distribution. All of those enrolled underwent clinical assessment including the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale motor score, Hoehn and Yahr scale, and comprehensive neuropsychological tests including domains of executive function, attention, memory, visuospatial function, and language. Demographics and the results of cognitive measures were compared between patients and healthy controls. Cognition status was classified as PD patients with dementia (PD‐D), PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI), or PD patients with normal cognition (PD‐NC). In 53 PD patients who underwent 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) PET imaging, correlations between Z‐score values of the different cognitive domains and cerebral 18F‐FDG uptake were assessed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM8) corrected for age and motor severity. A total of 23.2% of PD patients were PD‐MCI and 8.9% were PD‐D. In the group of PD‐MCI, 96.3% showed multiple‐domain deficits, with executive function and attention impairment most predominantly involved. All the cognitive domain scores with the exception of language correlated with 18F‐FDG metabolisms, primarily in posterior temporo‐parieto‐occipital association cortical areas. This study found that cognitive impairment in PD particularly encompasses frontal/executive deficits. Posterior cortical areas, containing multiple neurotransmitters and neural circuits, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in PD.
Can secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva predict a change in lung infection status in patients with cystic fibrosis? A prospective pilot study
Authors: Alanin Mikkel Christian , Pressler Tania , Aanaes Kasper , Ekstrøm Claus Thorn , Skov Marianne , Johansen Helle Krogh , Nielsen Kim G. , von Buchwald Christian , Høiby Niels
Published: July 2018

Background

Chronic lung infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main cause of mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Sinus colonization with P. aeruginosa often precedes intermittent lung colonization, and intermittent colonization precedes chronic infection.When P. aeruginosa colonizes the sinuses, elevated immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels specific against P. aeruginosa can be detected in saliva. Therefore, we hypothesized that increasing levels of IgA in saliva can be detected before P. aeruginosa lung colonization.

Methods

Forty‐nine CF patients free from lung colonization with P. aeruginosa or other Gram‐negative bacteria (GNB) were included in this prospective study. Saliva and serum samples were collected and examined for IgA antibodies against P. aeruginosa with at least 6‐month intervals between sequential samples.

Results

A total of 110 measurements of IgA in saliva were included. During a median of 8.5‐month follow‐up, 25 patients changed their lung infection status. We were able to construct a statistical model that for a given value of IgA in saliva, could predict the probability of a change in lung infection status within the next 8.5 months (median): p = 1 / (1 + exp(−(−0.9582 + 1.6518*IgA)). The model includes a prediction band where 95% of new measurements are predicted to fall within. The model, however, failed to reach statistical significance (P = 0.056 1‐tailed), probably because of lack of power.

Conclusion

The saliva IgA model may predict a worsening in lung infection status presumably acting as a surrogate marker of P. aeruginosa bacterial sinusitis. The model may identify patients at risk of subsequent lung colonization and, thus, be a helpful clinical tool, but it should be tested in studies with larger sample sizes to evaluate its utility.
Convex MR brain image reconstruction via non‐convex total variation minimization
Authors: Liu Yilin , Du Huiqian , Wang Zexian , Mei Wenbo
Published: July 2018

Total variation (TV) regularization is a technique commonly utilized to promote sparsity of image in gradient domain. In this article, we address the problem of MR brain image reconstruction from highly undersampled Fourier measurements. We define the Moreau enhanced function of
norm, and introduce the minmax‐concave TV (MCTV) penalty as a regularization term for MR brain image reconstruction. MCTV strongly induces the sparsity in gradient domain, and fits the frame of fast algorithms (eg, ADMM) for solving optimization problems. Although MCTV is non‐convex, the cost function in each iteration step can maintain convexity by specifying the relative nonconvexity parameter properly. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in comparison with standard TV as well as non‐local TV minimization method, which suggests that MCTV may have promising applications in the field of neuroscience in the future.
Phosphorylation of Extracellular Bone Matrix Proteins and Its Contribution to Bone Fragility
Authors: Sroga Grażyna E , Vashishth Deepak
Published: July 2018

Phosphorylation of bone matrix proteins is of fundamental importance to all vertebrates including humans. However, it is currently unknown whether increase or decline of total protein phosphorylation levels, particularly in hypophosphatemia-related osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and rickets, contribute to bone fracture. To address this gap, we combined biochemical measurements with mechanical evaluation of bone to discern fracture characteristics associated with age-related development of skeletal fragility in relation to total phosphorylation levels of bone matrix proteins and one of the key representatives of bone matrix phosphoproteins, osteopontin (OPN). Here for the first time, we report that as people age the total phosphorylation level declines by approximately 20% for bone matrix proteins and approximately 30% for OPN in the ninth decade of human life. Moreover, our results suggest that the decline of total protein phosphorylation of extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes to bone fragility, but less pronouncedly than glycation. We theorize that the separation of two sources of OPN negative charges, acidic backbone amino acids and phosphorylation, would be nature's means of assuring that OPN functions in both energy dissipation and biomineralization. We propose that total phosphorylation decline could be an important contributor to the development of osteoporosis, increased fracture risk and skeletal fragility. Targeting the enzymes kinase FamC20 and bone alkaline phosphatase involved in the regulation of matrix proteins’ phosphorylation could be a means for the development of suitable therapeutic treatments. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Do birds of a feather flock, fly, and continue to fly together? The differential and cumulative effects of attraction, selection, and attrition on personality‐based within‐organization homogeneity and between‐organization heterogeneity progression over time
Authors: Oh In‐Sue , Han Joo Hun , Holtz Brian , Kim You Jin , Kim Seongsu
Published: July 2018

The most fundamental proposition of attraction–selection–attrition (ASA) theory is that organizations progress toward homogeneity of personality over time through the processes of attraction, selection, and attrition. However, critical aspects of that proposition have remained untested, thus limiting a fuller understanding of the ASA theory. To close the gap, this multiwave, multisample, and multi‐inventory study examines the extent to which each of the ASA processes and different personality traits contribute to within‐organization homogeneity progression as well as between‐organization heterogeneity progression over time. Our findings suggest that both within‐organization homogeneity and between‐organization heterogeneity emerge to varying degrees over time and that selection, among the ASA processes, is most responsible for the within‐organization homogenization, whereas attraction contributes most to between‐organization heterogeneity. We also found that within‐organization homogeneity progression overall operates more strongly on extraversion than on the other personality traits, whereas between‐organization heterogeneity progression operates more strongly on neuroticism than on the other personality traits. Overall, this study provides an important extension to the ASA theory and useful insights into the organization‐level emergent process of personality‐based human capital resources. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of this study along with study limitations and future research directions.
Climate variability in Iran in response to the diversity of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation
Authors: Alizadeh‐Choobari Omid , Najafi M. S.
Published: July 2018

Through emitting large‐scale planetary waves, the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) contributes to the inter‐annual climate variability in extra‐tropical latitudes, although the impact may be intervened by the chaotic extra‐tropical atmosphere. Using meteorological records of 45 synoptic stations across Iran during the period 1980–2016, impacts of La Niña and the eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Niño events on the inter‐annual climate variability of Iran are investigated. The data for four EP El Niño, six CP El Niño and nine La Niña events are averaged to produce a composite view of ENSO. On average, annually Iran is anomalously wet during the EP El Niño and anomalously dry during La Niña, and the anomalies in both phases of ENSO are statistically significant. The impact of ENSO depends not only on the strength of the ENSO event in the tropical Pacific but also on the background climate state of the affected regions such that it is found that the impacts of La Niña and the EP El Niño are generally stronger over the warm and arid regions of Iran. It is also found that the ENSO signal changes with season in many climate zones of Iran, indicating complex interactions between ENSO and other seasonally different features of the climate system. In spite of the seasonal variation of the ENSO signal, most regions of Iran have experienced statistically significant anomalously dry conditions during winter and spring of La Niña events. The most noticeable difference between the two types of El Niño is observed over the Makran coastal plain of Iran where the EP and CP El Niño events have been associated with positive and negative precipitation anomalies, respectively.
Assessing soil contamination and temporal trends of heavy metal contents in greenhouses on semiarid land
Authors: Gil Carlos , Boluda Rafael , Rodríguez Martín José Antonio , Guzmán Miguel , del Moral Fernando , Ramos‐Miras Joaquín
Published: July 2018

Information about the behavior and temporal evolution of heavy metals in agricultural soils is limited, particularly about greenhouse soils on semiarid lands, indeed it nonexistent. Western Almería (Southern Spain) is a semiarid land where some 30,000 ha are occupied by greenhouses with high productivity. As these greenhouses are fundamental to the socioeconomic development of this area, they should be maintained and well conserved. However, there are indications that long‐term intensive agriculture with considerable agrochemicals use can deteriorate soil quality, which in turn, would reduce productivity and food quality. This study was conducted to investigate soil contamination and the temporal trends of heavy metal concentrations in greenhouse soils of western Almería. Contamination level, availability, and sources of metals were evaluated by the extractable fraction percentage, by indices zinc equivalent, geoaccumulation, enrichment factor and pollution load, and by a correlation analysis between soil properties and metal contents. The results showed that the total contents of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb, and the available concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, were significantly higher than background levels. Temporal patterns indicated that these elements accumulate in greenhouse soils. After more than 20 years of intensive agriculture, the available concentration of elements, and contamination, had clearly increased.
Measurement of methylamines in seawater using solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography
Authors: Cree Charlotte H. L. , Airs Ruth , Archer Stephen D. , Fitzsimons Mark F.
Published: July 2018

The methylamines form part of the marine organic nitrogen pool. Although they are ubiquitous in marine systems, little is known about their distribution, production, and fate in the marine environment. Analytical methods have been developed for their analysis in marine waters, but these have employed custom‐made apparatus, limiting data to a few studies. Here, we report a method developed for the determination of methylamines in seawater which combines headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography with selective nitrogen detection. Gaseous methylamines were pre‐concentrated from water samples (∼ 1 L) heated to 60 °C, onto a polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene SPME fiber located in the headspace of the extraction flask. The analytes were then thermally desorbed from the fiber in a gas chromatograph containing a CP‐Volamine column and a nitrogen–phosphorus detector. The method was routinely calibrated down to 1 nM for all three analytes using matrix‐matched external standards. Limits of detection were determined operationally and ranged from 0.4 nM to 2.9 nM during two sampling campaigns. The analytes were detected in seawater samples from the English Channel and Southern Ocean where concentrations up to 20 nM and 5.6 nM were measured, respectively, consistent with previously reported levels. We propose this method for the analysis of methylamines, and other low‐molecular weight amines, as it is sensitive, robust, and the necessary equipment is widely available.
Developments in Pressurized Gyration for the Mass Production of Polymeric Fibers
Authors: Heseltine Phoebe L. , Ahmed Jubair , Edirisinghe Mohan
Published: July 2018

In this invited feature article, the invention of pressurized gyration in 2013 and its subsequent development into sister processes such as pressurized melt gyration, infusion gyration, and pressure‐coupled infusion gyration is elucidated. The fundamentals of these processes are discussed, elucidating how these novel methods can be used to facilitate mass production of polymeric fibers and other morphologies. The effects of the main system parameters: rotational speed and gas pressure, are discussed along with the influence of solution parameters such as viscosity and polymer chain entanglement. The effect of flow of material into the gyrator in infused gyration is also illustrated. Examples of many polymers that have been subjected to these processes are discussed and the applications of resulting products are illustrated under several different research themes such as, tissue engineering, drug delivery, diagnostics, hydrogels, filtration, and wound healing.
The problem of determining the piezoelectric module of electroviscoelasticity equation
Authors: Totieva Zhanna Dmitrievna
Published: July 2018

We consider the problem of finding the piezoelectric module e(x3),x3>0, occurring in the system of integro‐differential electroviscoelasticity equations. The medium density and the Lamé parameters are assumed to be function of one variable. The integrand K(t),t ∈ [0,T ] is known. As additional information, the Fourier transform of the second component of the displacement vector function for x3=0 is specified. The theorems on the existence of a unique solution of the inverse problem and the stability theorem are the research results.
Finite difference schemes for the two‐dimensional semilinear wave equation
Authors: Achouri Talha
Published: July 2018

In this article, two finite difference schemes for solving the semilinear wave equation are proposed. The unique solvability and the stability are discussed. The second‐order accuracy convergence in both time and space in the discrete H1‐norm for the two proposed difference schemes is proved. Numerical experiments are performed to support our theoretical results.
A novel flame retardant containing calixarene and DOPO structures: Preparation and its application on the fire safety of polystyrene
Authors: Qian Xiaodong , Zheng Kaisheng , Lu Lingang , Wang Xuebao , Wang Huiyang
Published: July 2018

A novel flame retardant (FR) containing phosphorus and calixarene structures was synthesized, and the FR combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was then incorporated into polystyrene (PS). The flame retardancy and thermal stability of the flame retardant composites were investigated. The limiting oxygen index can reach 21.0% when the mass ratio of FR/APP was 3:2. Char residues at 650°C in an air atmosphere increased from 2.2% to 21.5% notably when FR/APP was incorporated into PS matrix, indicating an improvement of thermo‐oxidation resistance. Compared to the virgin PS and FR/PS composites, the peak heat release rate of FR/APP/PS composites is reduced to 259.87 kW/m2 (PS8), indicating synergistic flame retardant effects between FR and APP. Generally, stable char layer of FR/APP/PS is responsible for the improved flame retardant properties, which not only effectively prevented the release of combustion gases but also protect the interior substrate from oxygen and heat permeation.
Synergistic effect between a novel triazine‐based flame retardant and DOPO/HPCP on epoxy resin
Authors: Huo Siqi , Wang Jun , Yang Shuang , Cai Haopeng , Zhang Bin , Chen Xi , Wu Qilei , Yang Lingfeng
Published: July 2018

In this paper, a triazine‐based flame retardant (TAT) was synthesized from cyanuric chloride and aniline. Its chemical structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and elemental analysis. Two kinds of novel intumescent flame‐retardant epoxy systems were obtained with the incorporation of TAT and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) or hexa‐phenoxy‐cyclotriphosphazene (HPCP). The flame retardancy of the obtained epoxy samples was evaluated using limited oxygen index, vertical burning (UL94), and cone calorimeter tests. The results indicated that there was a synergistic effect between TAT and DOPO or HPCP. The flame‐retardant mechanism was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TGA‐FTIR) coupled with the morphology and chemical analysis of the char residues. During combustion, DOPO or HPCP decomposed to release phosphorus‐containing free radicals with quenching effect. The morphology study showed that the introduction of DOPO or HPCP promoted the carbonization of epoxy matrix and the formation of a phosphorus‐containing viscous char layer, while the pyrolysis gases derived from the decomposition of TAT caused the char layer to expand. The main reason of the promotion of flame retardancy of epoxy samples was that the simultaneous addition of TAT and DOPO or HPCP led to the formation of a compact and intumescent char layer that restricted the transfer of heat and combustible volatiles and simultaneously protected the underlying matrix.
The accuracy of teachers' judgments for assessing young children's emerging literacy and math skills
Authors: Kowalski Kurt , Brown Rhonda Douglas , Pretti‐Frontczak Kristie , Uchida Chiharu , Sacks David F.
Published: July 2018

Because of developmental constraints on the types of assessment that can be used with young children, teachers’ judgments of students’ skills and abilities are a particularly important source of information in early education. The present study investigates the accuracy of these judgments by examining agreement between Prekindergarten teachers’ (n = 66) judgments of children's (n = 122) emerging math and literacy skills made with teacher rating scales and children's performance on a researcher‐administered demand performance assessment. Average agreement between measures was 71% for language and literacy items and 66% for math items. When disagreements occurred for language and literacy skills, they were more likely a result of teachers reporting that children had fewer skills than indicated by the demand performance assessment, rather than more. For math, teachers were equally likely to report either fewer or more math skills than indicated by the performance measure. Teachers’ over‐ and underestimations of children's skills were related to their ratings of the children's social‐emotional functioning and the type of skills being assessed. Children's gender and race were not related to teacher accuracy; neither were teacher education or years of experience.
Internationalization within school and educational psychology: Perspectives about positive indicators, critical considerations, and needs
Authors: Bernardo Allan B. I. , Begeny John C. , Earle Orlean Brown , Ginns Diana S. , del Pilar Grazioso Maria , Soriano‐Ferrer Manuel , Suzuki Haruna , Zapata Roxana
Published: July 2018

As the final paper within this special issue on Internationalization in School and Educational Psychology, this paper documents broad perspectives about internationalization from multiple school and educational psychologists who have worked in various contexts (e.g., in different professional roles and geographic locations). Based upon three core questions that contributors responded to, the paper systematically integrates all perspectives according to two primary categories: Strengths or Positive Indicators and Considerations, Concerns, and Needs. The former category is discussed with respect to three themes that emerged from contributors’ responses: (1) internationally focused scholarship, (2) presence and work of international organizations, and (3) study abroad, exchange, and international collaboration. The category pertaining to concerns and needs was also thematically summarized according to three topics: (1) power, paternalism, and neoliberalism, (2) paucity of critical dialogue and research, and (3) linguistic and financial barriers to internationalization. From the shared perspectives, concluding remarks are presented in the context of how the discipline can continue discourse and activities that, through internationalization, help to offer more equitable opportunities for professionals in the field and the communities they work to support.
Examining the dimensionality of the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory
Authors: Galica Jacqueline , Brennenstuhl Sarah , Maheu Christine , Townsley Carol , Metcalfe Kelly
Published: July 2018

Objective

Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a common concern among cancer survivors, and the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI) is a frequently used measure to assess FCR. Given that the dimensionality of FCR has received recent debate, the overall goal of this secondary analysis was to re‐examine the dimensionality of the FCRI using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) to compare models of FCR, using data from a large sample of cancer survivors.

Methods

Three models of FCR (including unidimensional and multidimensional models of the FCRI) were informed by the literature and proposed a priori. Separate CFAs were conducted to test the fit of each model to the data, and models with acceptable fits were compared.

Results

Of all the tested FCR models, a multidimensional first‐order model aligned with the originally developed 7‐subscale FCRI revealed the best fit to the data (χ2 = 3359.135, P < .0001, df = 795, RMSEA = 0.057 [0.055, 0.059], CFI = 0.897, TLI = 0.888). When this 7‐factor structure was loaded onto a single, second‐order factor of overall FCR, the model fit statistics were slightly poorer (χ2 = 3459.632, P < .0001, df = 807, RMSEA = 0.058 [0.056, 0.060], CFI = 0.893, TLI = 0.886). However, the difference between the models was significant (chi‐square difference = 103.142, P < .0001, df = 12) indicating that the first‐order model was a better fit to the data.

Conclusions

These results align with empirical and theoretical literature that supports the use of the FCRI as a multidimensional scale. Implications of results are discussed in light of FCR conceptualization and measurement.
Inflammation in cystic fibrosis: An update
Authors: Roesch Erica A. , Nichols David P. , Chmiel James F.
Published: July 2018

Inflammation plays a critical role in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung pathology and disease progression making it an active area of research and important therapeutic target. In this review, we explore the most recent research on the major contributors to the exuberant inflammatory response seen in CF as well as potential therapeutics to combat this response. Absence of functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) alters anion transport across CF airway epithelial cells and ultimately results in dehydration of the airway surface liquid. The dehydrated airway surface liquid in combination with abnormal mucin secretion contributes to airway obstruction and subsequent infection that may serve as a trigger point for inflammation. There is also evidence to suggest that airway inflammation may be excessive and sustained relative to the infectious stimuli. Studies have shown dysregulation of both pro‐inflammatory mediators such as IL‐17 and pro‐resolution mediators including metabolites of the eicosanoid pathway. Recently, CFTR potentiators and correctors have garnered much attention in the CF community. Although these modulators address the underlying defect in CF, their impact on downstream consequences such as inflammation are not known. Here, we review pre‐clinical and clinical data on the impact of CFTR modulators on inflammation. In addition, we examine other cell types including neutrophils, macrophages, and T‐lymphocytes that express CFTR and contribute to the CF inflammatory response. Finally, we address challenges in developing anti‐inflammatory therapies and highlight some of the most promising anti‐inflammatory drugs under development for CF.
Sustained lung inflation at birth via short binasal prong in very low birth weight preterm infants: A retrospective study
Authors: Buyuktiryaki Mehmet , Kanmaz Hayriye G. , Okur Nilufer , Bezirganoglu Handan , Ozer Bekmez Buse , Simsek Gulsum Kadioglu , Canpolat Fuat E. , Oguz Suna S. , Tayman Cuneyt
Published: July 2018

Background and Objectives

It is believed, that sustained lung inflation (SLI) at birth in preterm infants reduces the need for mechanical ventilation (MV) and improves respiratory outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare need for MV in preterm infants at high risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) after prophylactic SLI via short binasal prongs at birth combined with early nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) versus nCPAP alone.

Methods

Medical records of infants born at 260/7 to 296/7 weeks gestation through 2015 and 2017 were retrospectively assessed. Infants who get sustained inflations at 25 cmH2O pressure for 15 s following delivery via binasal short prongs comprised the study group. Gestational age matched infants who was supported solely with nCPAP (6 cmH2O PEEP) comprised the control group. Early rescue surfactant (200 mg/kg poractant alfa) was delivered using the less invasive surfactant administration technique in infants with established RDS.

Results

A total of 215 infants were analyzed. Fewer infants in the SLI group required MV within the first 72 h of life compared to the control group (25.7% vs 56.9%, P < 0.001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, SLI emerged as an independent factor for reduced MV need. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) incidence including mild BPD was significantly lower in the SLI group (31.9% vs 48%, P = 0.01); however, moderate and severe BPD rates did not reach to a statistical significance (11.5% vs 20.6%, P = 0.06).

Conclusion

Prophylactic SLI maneuver at birth for preterm infants with impending RDS reduces the need for MV with no adverse effects.
Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins Involved in Autoimmune Cirrhosis and Normal Serum by iTRAQ Proteomics
Authors: Minghui Zheng , Kunhua Hu , Yunwen Bao , Hongmei Lu , Jing Li , Shaowen Wu , Longqiaozi Sun , Chaohui Duan
Published: July 2018

Purpose

In order to study the candidate biomarkers in autoimmune cirrhosis (AIC).

Experimental design

Isobaric tags are first implemented for relative and absolute quantitation technology on proteins prepared from serum obtained from AIC and normal controls. Proteins found to be differentially expressed are identified with liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry by using a Q Exactive classic ion trap mass spectrometer.

Results

108 proteins (32 upregulated and 76 downregulated proteins) are identified from AIC samples, compared with the normal controls. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, and protein–protein interaction map by STRING show that they associate with multiple functional groups, including ion binding activity, peptidase activity, and enzyme regulator activity. Finally, the von Willebrand factor, insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein complex acid labile subunit, transthyretin, adiponectin proteins are identified with western blot as candidate biomarkers for AIC.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

These findings offer a comprehensive profile of the AIC proteome about candidate biomarkers and provide a useful basis for further analysis of the pathogenic mechanism of AIC.
Evaluating resistant brassica trap crops to manage Heterodera schachtii (Schmidt) infestations in eastern England
Authors: Wright Alistair JD , Back Matthew A , Stevens Mark , Sparkes Debbie L
Published: July 2018

Background

The beet cyst nematode (BCN), Heterodera schachtii Schmidt, is a plant parasitic nematode that causes severe yield losses in sugar beet. Resistant brassicas (radish and mustard) have been bred to be planted after harvest of the main crop, for example a cereal, and encourage BCN juvenile hatching. The resistant plants stimulate juvenile hatching but are not suitable hosts. Juveniles are unable to complete their lifecycle and thus populations are lowered. This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a range of brassicas in terms of BCN control when grown in infested fields in eastern England.

Results

Experiments used four different radish cultivars, which differed in their resistance to BCN, and one resistant mustard variety. Field experiments were sown in early September in 2016 and 2017. Significant reductions in BCN populations were found only following resistant mustard and the radish with the greatest resistance level.

Conclusions

Further research is needed to understand how best to utilize brassicas and whether they are economically viable when alternative management options for BCN are available. Time of planting may be crucial to fully achieve their BCN‐reducing potential. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Biological activities of extracts from Aspidosperma subincanum Mart. and in silico prediction for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Pereira Rocha Marina , Rodrigues Valadares Campana Priscilla , de Oliveira Scoaris Denise , de Almeida Vera Lúcia , Dias Lopes Júlio César , Fonseca Silva Andréia , Pieters Luc , Gontijo Silva Cláudia
Published: July 2018

Species of Aspidosperma are traditionally used to treat malaria, leishmaniasis, microbial, and inflammatory diseases. Aspidosperma subincanum Mart. known as “guatambu” is used in Brazilian traditional medicine to treat diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and digestive diseases. Its tonic properties have been employed by the indigenous populations to stimulate the circulatory and genitourinary tracts and to improve respiratory function as well as to relieve spasms and to reduce fever. The species is known to contain antitumoural and antimalarial indole alkaloids. In the present study, various less explored biological activities of extracts from leaves and branches of A. subincanum were investigated, that is, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Twenty‐one known indole alkaloids from this species were targeted for predicting the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, and their biological activities were collected from the literature. Through in silico the prediction, the indole alkaloids uleine and derivatives demonstrated a strong probability of being able to inhibit the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, as well as the olivacine derivatives 3,4‐dihydroolivacine and N‐methyl‐tetrahydro‐olivacine (guatambuine), and the subincanadines C and E. Indeed, the extracts of A. subincanum showed acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, antioxidant activity in the lipid peroxidation assay, and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and their pharmacological properties should be explored further.
The properties of gelatin film‐neem extract and its effectiveness for preserving minced beef
Authors: Putsakum Gontorn , Lee Dong Sun , Suthiluk Phunsiri , Rawdkuen Saroat
Published: July 2018

The properties of gelatin films developed from neem extract (NE; Azadirachta indica) were determined. Moreover, the developed films were applied to minced beef to test its effectiveness for preserving the meat. The quality attributes of the minced beef wrapped with the developed film were monitored over a 7‐day period in refrigerated storage (4 ± 1°C) and were compared to a control commercial wrap film (polyvinyl chloride). The addition of NE improved the elongation at break, solubility, and antioxidant activity of the gelatin films. After 7 days of storage, the minced beef wrapped with the experimental film showed the highest a* and weight loss values. Gradually, changes in TBARS were more pronounced in the experimental sample. It was concluded that gelatin film containing NE is a potentially promising film that could help delay oxidative reactions. However, some characteristics of the film (eg, mechanical properties and water vapor permeability) need to be improved before putting them to commercial use.
The influence the image of the product shown on food packaging labels has on product perception during tasting: Effects and gender differences
Authors: Lidón Iván , Rebollar Rubén , Gil‐Pérez Ignacio , Martín Javier , Vicente‐Villardón José L.
Published: July 2018

Many food packages on the market show an image of the product contained inside or the ingredients with which the product was produced. During the packaging design process, it is the job of the designer or the marketing team to decide which specific image will be depicted on the packaging. This paper analyses the potential implications of this decision by studying the influence that the visual appearance of the product pictured on the packaging has on the way consumers perceive the product during consumption. Two packaging designs for apple sauce were created; the only variable was the visual appearance of the apple displayed: one showed a red apple and the other showed a green one. The 147 participants in this between‐subjects experiment tasted and evaluated six product attributes (Sweet,Acidic,Intense Flavour,Healthy,Natural, andQuality) as well asLikingandWillingness to buy. The results of a MANOVA‐Biplot analysis show that the visual appearance of the product pictured affectsLiking, Willingness to buy, and some product attributes. In fact, a strong positive relationship was identified between the attributeHealthyand the perceived quality of the product withLikingandWillingness to buy; if one of these attributes scored higher, the higher score was extrapolated to the others. The study also shows that gender differences exist as these effects do not affect all consumers equally, with women being more sensitive to them than men. This paper discusses the implications of these results for the food industry, for packaging designers and for marketers.
On polynomial approximations to AC
Authors: Harsha Prahladh , Srinivasan Srikanth
Published: July 2018

Classical approximation results show that any circuit of size and depth has an
‐error probabilistic polynomial over the reals of degree . We improve this upper bound to , which is much better for small values of . We then use this result to show that
‐wise independence fools circuits of size and depth up to error at most , improving on Tal's strengthening of Braverman's result that
‐wise independence suffices. To our knowledge, this is the first PRG construction for that achieves optimal dependence on the error . We also prove lower bounds on the best polynomial approximations to . We show that any polynomial approximating the function on bits to a small constant error must have degree at least . This result improves exponentially on a result of Meka, Nguyen, and Vu (Theory Comput. 2016).
Improve the way you communicate with those outside of student affairs
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: July 2018

When you communicate with those inside the world of student affairs, you don't have to put too much thought into how to get your message across because you're all speaking the same language. But when you're trying to convey an important issue about student affairs to faculty or staff members in other campus departments, do you sometimes encounter a blank stare?
Effect of Voltage Range and BiPO4 Coating on the Electrochemical Properties of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2
Authors: Liu Wanmin , Guo Haihua , Qin Mulan , Deng Jiyong , Xu Lv , Yi Su , Hong Tianli
Published: July 2018

BiPO4‐coated LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) cathode material is prepared by a precipitation method. Scanning electron microscope and X‐ray diffraction results demonstrate that the morphology and structure of NCA are not affected by BiPO4 layer. Transmission electron microscopy analysis indicates that the thickness of the layer is about 10 nm. Electrochemical properties of NCA and BiPO4‐coated NCA are investigated in different voltage ranges. The results show that the wider the charge and discharge cut‐off voltage is, the larger the specific capacity is, with the initial discharge capacity of 325.0 mAh g−1 within the voltage of 1.5‐4.8 V. The most significant discovery is the charge platform at 2.3‐2.5 V and the discharge platform at around 1.7 V, which accounts for the high capacity properties of NCA. Furthermore, the existence of BiPO4 coating helps to enhance the cycle performance of NCA.
“Groupies” and “Jersey Chasers”: Male Student‐Athletes’ Sexual Relationships and Perceptions of Women
Authors: Nelson Jennifer
Published: July 2018

This chapter explores the concept of “groupies” and “jersey chasers.” Hegemonic masculinity and the cultures of entitlement, silence, and protection are used to frame these concepts. Implications are offered for student success, personal development, and for those who work with male athletes.
Lessons From Graduate(d) Student Athletes: Supporting Academic Autonomy and Achievement
Authors: Haslerig Siduri J.
Published: July 2018

This chapter discusses graduate and graduated student athletes’ college experiences, offering lessons for student affairs practitioners. These implications may extend to other student populations experiencing role conflict, including college athletes who struggle academically, as well as improve the experiences of this specific high‐achieving subpopulation of student athletes.