bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Industrial Process Monitoring in the Big Data/Industry 4.0 Era: from Detection, to Diagnosis, to Prognosis
Authors: Reis Marco , Gins Geert
Published: June 2017

We provide a critical outlook of the evolution of Industrial Process Monitoring (IPM) since its introduction almost 100 years ago. Several evolution trends that have been structuring IPM developments over this extended period of time are briefly referred, with more focus on data-driven approaches. We also argue that, besides such trends, the research focus has also evolved. The initial period was centred on optimizing IPM detection performance. More recently, root cause analysis and diagnosis gained importance and a variety of approaches were proposed to expand IPM with this new and important monitoring dimension. We believe that, in the future, the emphasis will be to bring yet another dimension to IPM: prognosis. Some perspectives are put forward in this regard, including the strong interplay of the Process and Maintenance departments, hitherto managed as separated silos.
Green Patriarch, Green Patristics: Reclaiming the Deep Ecology of Christian Tradition
Authors: Theokritoff Elizabeth
Published: June 2017

In environmental circles, there is an increasing awareness of the Orthodox tradition, largely thanks to the speeches and initiatives of Patriarch Bartholomew of Constantinople. Less widely known is the considerable body of other Orthodox writing, which is less concerned with specific ecological problems, but addresses in greater depth the theological themes found in his pronouncements. This paper looks at the continuing development of Orthodox thinking in this area, and the increasing tendency to go deep into the sources of Orthodox tradition—theological, ascetic, liturgical, and hagiographic—to address underlying questions of the spiritual significance of the material world and the rôle of man within God’s purposes for it. It takes as examples four themes: the unity of creation and divine presence; cosmic liturgy/eucharist and ‘priest of creation’; ‘ecological sin’; and asceticism. It concludes that the Orthodox tradition goes beyond the dichotomy of man and nature to offer a ‘deeper ecology’ in which the physical interrelations between creatures are set within the divine economy for all creation.
Strategic Development Challenges in Marine Tourism in Nunavut
Authors: Johnston Margaret E. , Dawson Jackie , Maher Patrick T.
Published: June 2017

Marine tourism in Arctic Canada has grown substantially since 2005. Though there are social, economic and cultural opportunities associated with industry growth, climate change and a range of environmental risks and other problems present significant management challenges. This paper describes the growth in cruise tourism and pleasure craft travel in Canada’s Nunavut Territory and then outlines issues and concerns related to existing management of both cruise and pleasure craft tourism. Strengths and areas for improvement are identified and recommendations for enhancing the cruise and pleasure craft governance regimes through strategic management are provided. Key strategic approaches discussed are: (1) streamlining the regulatory framework; (2) improving marine tourism data collection and analysis for decision-making; and (3) developing site guidelines and behaviour guidelines.
Fuzzy System-Based Fear Estimation Based on the Symmetrical Characteristics of Face and Facial Feature Points
Authors: Lee Kwan , Hong Hyung , Park Kang
Published: June 2017

The application of user emotion recognition for fear is expanding in various fields, including the quantitative evaluation of horror movies, dramas, advertisements, games, and the monitoring of emergency situations in convenience stores (i.e., a clerk threatened by a robber), in addition to criminal psychology. Most of the existing methods for the recognition of fear involve referring to a single physiological signal or recognizing circumstances in which users feel fear by selecting the most informative one among multiple physiological signals. However, the level of accuracy as well as the credibility of these study methods is low. Therefore, in this study, data with high credibility were obtained using non-intrusive multimodal sensors of near-infrared and far-infrared light cameras and selected based on t-tests and Cohen’s d analysis considering the symmetrical characteristics of face and facial feature points. The selected data were then combined into a fuzzy system using the input and output membership functions of symmetrical shape to ultimately derive a new method that can quantitatively show the level of a user’s fear. The proposed method is designed to enhance conventional subjective evaluation (SE) by fuzzy system based on multi-modalities. By using four objective features except for SE and combining these four features into a fuzzy system, our system can produce an accurate level of fear without being affected by the physical, psychological, or fatigue condition of the participants in SE. After conducting a study on 20 subjects of various races and genders, the results indicate that the new method suggested in this study has a higher level of credibility for the recognition of fear than the methods used in previous studies.
Exclusions on Patentability
Authors: Sharma Parul , Kaur Rajinder
Published: June 2017

Exclusion of patentability finds its justification in philanthropy and public welfare. Time and again this approach has been endorsed and upheld by the eminent jurists. However, the “US Supreme Court in the case of Diamond v. Chakrabarty” endorsed a controversial view holding that “anything under the sun made by man” is patentable, but the situation was however rectified subsequently in “Diamond v. Dier.” The Boards have gone a step forward in being very selective while granting patents excluding “Plant and Animal varieties” and also other immoral procedures, for example the process of cloning human beings etc. from the scope of patentability. The chapter will take up the study relating to the provisions of exclusions in patentability in international and national regime. The chapter will further highlight the emerging grey areas on the exclusions of patentability.
An Interface Between Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
Authors: Dhanaraj Nisha , Sharma Mamta
Published: June 2017

Traditional knowledge and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), both are supplementary and complementary to each other. The aim of traditional knowledge is to promote community interest and protect indigenous rights against bio-piracy and bio-prospecting. On the other hand, IPR guarantees monopoly of a product or service to an organization and empowers it to profit from it. This article studies the present Indian IPR system to understand whether it is capable to handle traditional knowledge or should it be amended to incorporate a separate law to protect traditional knowledge. Besides, a large-scale commercialization and unauthorized use of traditional knowledge has been observed, which gives rise to the need to screen and protect it. This article also takes into consideration the Bonn guidelines and Indian Biodiversity Act 2002 and the issues related to traditional knowledge, and finds that the current issues cannot be resolved by the existing IPR regime.
Colgate-Palmolive's Attempt of Patenting Toothpaste Formula
Authors: Mehta Neetika
Published: June 2017

By creating a robust intellectual property structure, a high-quality job future can be secured and sustained. Therefore, promotion to innovation/invention requires adequate protection. The multinational giant Colgate- Palmolive can be seen caught up into legal dispute where accusation is over the company for having purloined an archaic formula to have its roots to ancient times, and also being used by Indians for generations. India foiled an attempt by consumer goods giant Colgate-Palmolive to patent a mouthwash formula containing herb extract by citing ancient texts that show it was traditionally used in ancient medicinal practices. Traditional Knowledge Digital Library of Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR-TKDL) had submitted proof in the form of references from ancient books, which said the herb and its extracts in Indian systems of medicine. The proactivness of Indian community to safeguard its traditional knowledge obstructed the profit-making strategy of the company.
Integrated Care as a Strategic Solution for Active Aging in the Community
Authors: Leung Eman , Chau Cheuk Wing , Lee Alison , Chen Youhua (Frank) , Lee Diana T. F.
Published: June 2017

A rapidly aging population is an international challenge. Although much has been done, senior citizens today are not experiencing better health than our ancestors (WHO, 2016). This chapter reviews evidence on the current international good practices, the positive clinical and economic impact of integrated care, and how Operations Research/Management Science (OR/MS) methodologies add value to the implementation of integrated care. In the second half of the chapter, three enablers of implementing integrated care are reviewed: 1) a common technological platform, 2) service-restructuring with the introduction of new job roles and recruitment, and 3) creation of a financial model that incentivizes integrated care. In conclusion, while research has shown that integrated care is effective in fostering aging in place, challenges remain as to how it could be implemented given that population aging has increased the demands on healthcare resources. This chapter reviews how OR/MS methodologies can facilitate the implementation of integrated care.
SSLD and Senior Service
Authors: Tsang Ka Tat , Ip Chui Fan Linus
Published: June 2017

This chapter introduces the SSLD (Strategies and Skills Learning and Development) System as a comprehensive model for practice in psychosocial service for seniors. The challenges and issues associated with aging are complex, and involve physical, biological, psychological, social, existential and spiritual dimensions. In order to address them in a comprehensive and balanced manner, we need to draw on an extensive set of knowledge, experience and skills taken from various healthcare and human service professions. The SSLD system is built on a meta-theoretical structure that interfaces well with both analytic and holistic conceptualizations of the human person within his or her life-world, or being-in-the-world. Principles and methods of SSLD practice are described through phases of intervention: engagement and problem translation, N3C assessment, 6D (domains of being-in-the-world) formulation, implementation, review and evaluation. These are illustrated with practice examples. Issues related to practice research and knowledge production are also explored.
Intelligent Models to Predict the Prognosis of Premature Neonates According to Their EEG Signals
Authors: Al Hajjar Yasser , Al Hajjar Abd El Salam Ahmad , Daya Bassam , Chauvet Pierre
Published: June 2017

The aim of this paper is to find the best intelligent model that allows predicting the future of premature newborns according to their electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG is a signal that measures the electrical activity of the brain. In this paper, the authors used a dataset of 397 EEG records detected at birth of premature newborns and their classification by doctors two years later: normal, sick or risky. They executed machine learning on this dataset using several intelligent models such as multiple linear regression, linear discriminant analysis, artificial neural network and decision tree. They used 14 parameters concerning characteristics extracted from EEG records that affect the prognosis of the newborn. Then, they presented a complete comparative study between these models in order to find who gives best results. Finally, they found that decision tree gave best result with performance of 100% for sick records, 76.9% for risky and 69.1% for normal ones.
On Nonredundant Cost-Constrained Team Formation
Authors: Zhou Yu , Huang Jianbin , Sun Heli , Jia Xiaolin
Published: June 2017

Due to the wide application of the task assignment on the internet, team formation problem has become an important research issue. A recently proposed problem ClusterHire aims to find a team of experts to accomplish multiple projects which can harvest a maximum profit under a limited budget. However, there exist redundancies in the team yielded by existing algorithms. This paper first studies the properties of the problem, and give two pruning strategies based on them. Secondly, a redundancy-eliminating strategy and a team-augmenting strategy are proposed. In addition, a new algorithm for generating a profit-maximizing team is also proposed. It is based on the redundancy-eliminating and team-augmenting strategies. The experimental evaluations show that our proposed strategies and algorithms are effective.
Irrigation Measurement System for Dry Areas Based on WSN
Authors: Granda Juan , Almanza Mauricio , Fontalvo Jose , Calle Maria
Published: June 2017

Agriculture requires a certain amount of water and the land has a maximum liquid holding capacity that should not be exceeded. Water pressure provides the kinematic energy used on irrigation systems to spray the water on the field. The amount of water that the irrigation system can provide per hour should be carefully monitored to save water in dry areas. The paper presents a system with wireless nodes for water flow measurement in several pipes simultaneously. The system employs YF S201C flow sensors, connected to wireless nodes. Each node sends reports every second to a master node connected to a computer. The received data is presented in a web-based platform to see the current water flow on each of the three pipes. Results show sensor nodes exhibit a 4% average error, and 9% packet loss maximum. Both values are adequate for crop irrigation applications.
From Hardware to Hardcore
Authors: Reichel André
Published: June 2017

The state and relevance of Systems as a field of research and a specific form of scientific inquiry into complex real-world problem situations, can be enhanced significantly by developing and applying more formalized and coherent tools: a new ‘hardware' enabling to build a new ‘hardcore' for systems science. The basis of this new hardware stems from a line of thought emanating from George Spencer-Brown and the ‘Laws of Form', running through the work of Francisco Varela and his calculus for self-reference, being radicalized by Niklas Luhmann and his views on ‘Social Systems', and continued by Dirk Baecker with the application of form theory to management and organizations. In this contribution, the author develops an understanding and appreciation of the potentials of a form-theoretical approach to formalizing systems (real-world phenomena) as well as Systems (field of research). Central aspects will be the power of the form-theoretical hardware as regards systems storytelling, systems diagnostics and abductive reasoning.
Traumatic myiasis in farmed animals caused by Wohlfahrtia magnifica in southern Italy (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
Authors: Bonacci Teresa , Curia Giuseppe , Leoncini Roberto , Whitmore Daniel
Published: June 2017

Ten herds of sheep and goats (455 heads) were inspected for the presence of traumatic myiasis between May and September 2013 in the province of Cosenza, Calabria, southern Italy. Nine cases were discovered in sheep, goats and a sheepdog. Infested body sites included external genitalia, wounds (sheep and sheepdog) and hooves (goats). Larvae were removed from the infested body areas and reared to adult stage in the laboratory. Both the larvae and the adults were identified as belonging to the Mediterranean screwworm fly Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Schiner, 1862) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), an obligatory parasite of humans and warm-blooded vertebrates. To our knowledge, these are the first cases of wohlfahrtiosis in sheep and goats to be reported from Calabria. The infested animals were living outdoors in spring and summer, and enclosed in sheds during the autumn and winter months. Observed effects of the myiases included severely impeded walking and tissue damage. Wohlfahrtiosis can cause significant economic loss to farmers. Data about the local distribution, seasonality and types of infestation caused by W. magnifica are useful to farmers and vets to improve control systems, in Calabria as elsewhere within the distributional range of the species
Vertical stratification of selected Hymenoptera in a remnant forest of the Po Plain (Italy, Lombardy) (Hymenoptera: Ampulicidae, Crabronidae, Sphecidae)
Authors: Di Giovanni Filippo , Mei Maurizio , Cerretti Pierfilippo
Published: June 2017

Communities of the canopy of temperate forests are still relatively unexplored. Furthermore, very little is known on how vertical stratification for some insect groups is related to biological strategies. In this study, we investigated the community composition of both canopy and understory of the families Ampulicidae, Crabronidae and Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) of the Natural Reserve of “Bosco della Fontana”, a remnant lowland forest in northeastern Italy. Observed patterns in vertical stratification have been related to species foraging habits. Our study reveals that the bulk of the community of Spheciformes of the understory consists of species predating dipterans and spiders, while species associated with the canopy are mainly predators of sap-sucking honeydew producers and epiphyte grazers, like aphids, thrips, and barkflies. Comparing the communities of canopy and understory may lead to a better understanding of species ecology and provides useful information to forest managers.
Online appendix 2: A new checklist of lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa
Authors: Fryday Alan M.
Published: June 2017

Background: The last comprehensive list of lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa was published in 1950. A checklist is important to provide basic information on the extent of the diversity, and to provide the most recent name and classification.Objective: To present a list of all the lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa.Methods: The list presented is entirely literature based and no attempt has been made to check the report of any taxa or their status by checking the specimens upon which they are based. Firstly, all taxa that were not reported from within the modern boundaries of South Africa were excluded. Next, the Recent literature on lichens database was searched for literature on South African lichens since 1945 and all references checked for new species or new reports, which were then added to the list. These names were then checked against Index Fungorum to ensure that the most current name was being used. Finally, the list was rationalised by excluding all synonyms and dubious infraspecific taxa.Results: The current list includes 1750 taxa in 260 genera from mainland South Africa, with an additional 100 species and 23 genera from the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands, which are treated separately. The replacement name Verrucaria dagolavii Fryday is proposed for Verrucaria umbilicata Øvstedal.Conclusion: It is estimated that, when fully explored, the lichen biota of South Africa will consist of somewhere between 2500 and 3000 taxa.
Q-switched Erbium-doped Fiber Laser with a Black Phosphorus Saturable Absorber
Authors: Razak Nurul Nadia , Abdul Latiff Anas , Zakaria Zahriladha , Harun Sulaiman Wadi
Published: June 2017

A passively Q-switched Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) is demonstrated using a black phosphorus saturable absorber as the Q-switcher. The laser generates a stable pulse operating at a wavelength of 1562.35 nm within a pump power region from 7.2 mW to 42.3 mW. At 980 nm pump power of 42.3 mW, the EDFL generates an optical pulse train with a repetition rate of 44.72 kHz and pulse width of 9.8 us. The maximum pulse energy of 81.5 nJ is obtained at a pump power of 35.2 mW. A higher performance Q-switched EDFL is expected to be achieved with the optimization of the saturable absorber and laser cavity. Full Text: PDF ReferencesR. Mas-Balleste, C. Gomez-Navarro, J. Gomez-Herrero and F. Zamora, "2D materials: to graphene and beyond", Nanoscale 3, 20 (2011). CrossRef Z. Sun, T. Hasan, F. Torrisi, D. Popa, G. Privitera, F. Wang, F. Bonaccorso, D. M. Basko and A. C. Ferrari, "Graphene Mode-Locked Ultrafast Laser", ACS nano 4, 803 (2010) CrossRef F. Xia, H. Wang and Y. Jia, "Rediscovering black phosphorus as an anisotropic layered material for optoelectronics and electronics.", Nat Commun 5 (2014). CrossRef G. Sobon, "Mode-locking of fiber lasers using novel two-dimensional nanomaterials: graphene and topological insulators [Invited]", Photonics Research 3, A56 (2015). CrossRef Y. Chen, G. Jiang, S. Chen, Z. Guo, X. Yu, C. Zhao, H. Zhang, Q. Bao, S. Wen and D. Tang, "Mechanically exfoliated black phosphorus as a new saturable absorber for both Q-switching and Mode-locking laser operation", Optics express 23, 12823 (2015). CrossRef M. Hisyam, M. Rusdi, A. Latiff and S. Harun, "Generation of Mode-Locked Ytterbium Doped Fiber Ring Laser Using Few-Layer Black Phosphorus as a Saturable Absorber", IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 23, 39 (2017). CrossRef S. Sugai and I. Shirotani, "Raman and infrared reflection spectroscopy in black phosphorus", Solid state communications 53, 753 (1985). CrossRef Z.-C. Luo, M. Liu, Z.-N. Guo, X.-F. Jiang, A.-P. Luo, C.-J. Zhao, X.-F. Yu, W.-C. Xu and H. Zhang, "Microfiber-based few-layer black phosphorus saturable absorber for ultra-fast fiber laser", Optics express 23, 20030 (2015). CrossRef A. Latiff, M. Rusdi, M. Hisyam, H. Ahmad and S. Harun, "A generation of 2 um Q-switched thulium-doped fibre laser based on anatase titanium(IV) oxide film saturable absorber", Journal of Modern Optics 64, 187 (2017). CrossRef J. Bogusławski, G. Soboń, K. Tarnowski, R. Zybała, K. Mars, A. Mikuła, K. M. Abramski and J. Sotor, "All-polarization-maintaining-fiber laser Q-switched by evanescent field interaction with Sb2Te3 saturable absorber", Optical Engineering 55, 081316 (2016). CrossRef Z. Wang, Y. Xu, S. C. Dhanabalan, J. Sophia, C. Zhao, C. Xu, Y. Xiang, J. Li, and H. Zhang, "Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots as an Efficient Saturable Absorber for Bound Soliton Operation in an Erbium Doped Fiber Laser," IEEE Photonics Journal 8, 1 (2016). CrossRef
Aprendizaje-servicio y misión cívica de la universidad. Una propuesta de desarrollo
Authors: Rego Agraso L.
Published: June 2017

Recensión del siguiente libro: Santos Rego, M.A., Sotelino Losada, A. y Lorenzo Moledo, M.M. (2015). Aprendizaje-servicio y misión cívica de la universidad. Una propuesta de desarrollo. Barcelona: Octaedro
Managerial competencies in Operations Management
Authors: Gonzalez-Zapatero Carmen , Lannelongue Gustavo , Gonzalez-Benito Javier
Published: June 2017

The main objective of this paper is to develop a method of self-assessment of managerial competencies in Operations Management. Specifically we work the following skills: Analytical Consideration, Planification and organization, Consciousness and teamwork, Adaptability, Assertiveness, Leadership. The empirical evidence shows how some of these abilities are related to the results of the course while no relation was found with the results obtained with the results the rest of the degree.
Use of nonhuman primates in obstructive lung disease research – is it required?
Authors: Dahlmann Franziska , Sewald Katherina
Published: June 2017

Abstract. In times of increasing costs for health insurances, obstructive lung diseases are a burden for both the patients and the economy. Pulmonary symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are similar; nevertheless, the diseases differ in pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches. Novel therapeutics are continuously developed, and nonhuman primates (NHPs) provide valuable models for investigating novel biologicals regarding efficacy and safety.This review discusses the role of nonhuman primate models for drug development in asthma and COPD and investigates whether alternative methods are able to prevent animal experiments.
Language Ideology and the Global Dominance of English. An interview with John O’Regan, Reader in Applied Linguistics at UCL Institute of Education, University College London
Authors: Georgiou Alexantra
Published: June 2017

Interview with Dr. John O'Regan, at UCL Institute of Education, University College London
Políticas de Inovação: um estudo comparativo entre Brasil e França
Authors: Jones Graciela Dias Coelho , Basso Leonardo Fernando Cruz
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study is to present a comparison between the main actions promoted to encourage innovation by France, as well as the current stage of research and development initiatives (RD), in relation to Brazil. Is a qualitative study that the procedures for its development ranks as literature and documents. The data collection technique was documentary and had as a data source primary and secondary documents, coming from public archives and statistical sources. For the survey of brazilian data for the development of this study, it was used as informational basis the fifth edition of the Innovation Research (PINTEC 2011). The data from France raised through the use of OECD year Report 2014 " Reviews of Innovation Policy France in 2014."  For the presentation of the study results comparative charts and tables were used. As the present study results can be highlighted, among others: France is a country with a long scientific tradition and technique, and plays a significant role in the world in this area. On the other hand, Brazil has one of the lowest proportions of RD and export of high technology to GDP. The completion of this study brought an important diagnosis: there is a wide and interesting research topic that is still little explored by Brazilian researchers.
Grassland communities of traditional orchards in the Western Carpathians (Slovakia)
Authors: Zarnovican Hubert , Kollár Jozef , Škodová Iveta
Published: June 2017

Traditional orchards are a valuable feature of the rural landscape and they are specific for regions with scattered settlement such as the Myjava hilly land and White Carpathians. Here, the permanent species-rich grasslands beneath trees were regularly managed in the traditional manner until some were replaced in the 1970’s and 80’s by intensively managed orchards, some of which were abandoned in the early 1990’s. Our 2011–2015 phytosociological research followed the standard Braun-Blanquet approach. We classified 178 phytosociological relevés recorded in orchard meadows (156 relevés), former intensively managed orchards (16 relevés), and two relevés from a semi-intensively grazed orchard. Traditionally managed orchard meadows were classified in the following five units: (i) Pastinaco sativae-Arrhenatheretum elatioris – thermophilous variant, (ii) Pastinaco sativae-Arrhenatheretum elatioris – transitional variant to Alchemillo-Arrhenatheretum elatioris, (iii) Ranunculo bulbosi-Arrhenatheretum elatioris, (iv) Onobrychido viciifoliae-Brometum erecti, and (v) Brachypodio pinnati-Molinietum arundinaceae. Formerly intensively managed large-scale orchards were classified as Pastinaco sativae-Arrhenatheretum elatioris association and the semi-intensively grazed orchard as Lolio perennis-Cynosuretum cristati association. The species composition varies considerably due to tree-shading and different management treatments applied in the orchards, so the relevés of the delimited syntaxonomic units are not typical and have transitional character. Moisture, soil nutrients, and soil reaction were identified as the main environmental gradients influencing species composition. We tested four management treatments in direct gradient analysis and found that abandonment has the strongest effect on species composition. Comparison of grassland vegetation in the studied traditional orchards with that described in Germany reveals differences in species composition. Moreover, species richness of the compared Arrhenatherion elatioris and Bromion erecti alliances in Slovakian orchard meadows was higher than in the German orchards.
Clémence-Auguste Royerová a vznik sociálního darwinismu
Authors: Budil Ivo
Published: June 2017

Úloha, kterou sehrála Clémence-Auguste Royerová, první překladatelka Darwinova díla O původu druhů do francouzštiny, při zrodu sociálního darwinismu, bude kriticky posouzena v širším historickém a intelektuálním kontextu pozdního Druhého císařství a francouzské Třetí republiky. Clémence-Auguste Royerová, která byla přehlížena nebo marginalizována v klasických přehledech raného vývoje darwinismu ve druhé polovině devatenáctého století, významně přispěla ke vzniku moderní francouzské antropologické komunity a k veřejným debatám o genderu a rase na úsvitu moderní francouzské politické kultury. Její kontroverzní výklad darwinismu předznamenal vzestup rasových a eugenických radikálních a extremistických hnutí po první světové válce.
Problémy a aspekty pojmu maska: Pokus o definici a vymezení
Authors: Erban Vít
Published: June 2017

V odborné literatuře je věnována malá pozornost problému, co je vlastně maska a jak ji definovat a vymezit. Proto se tento pojem používá nejednotně a nejednoznačně. Pokud však není shoda v tom, co lze, nebo naopak nelze pokládat za masku a pokud tato otázka není ani problematizována, snaha dobrat se obecných závěrů o původu, významu a funkcích masky je obtížná. Především ve studiích zaměřených komparativně, které se pokouší uchopit masku v mezioborovém, multižánrovém nebo mezikulturním kontextu, je třeba vycházet z určité ustálené terminologie. Cílem této stati je nabídnout co možná nejpřesnější vymezení masky, které by zahrnovalo všechny její funkčně-významové typy. Masky svým zakotvením v relativitě, paradoxu a ambivalenci nemohou mít zcela pevný a jasně definovatelný status, proto předložená definice nabízí pouze určité faktory, které je třeba vzít v úvahu, neumožňuje však stanovit jasné hranice a pevné kategorie. Svým pracovním účelem chce především podnítit diskuzi.
Rozměry citací v právu a anotační konvence
Authors: Harašta Jakub , Míšek Jakub , Hanych Monika , Loutocký Pavel , Malaník Michal , Šavelka Jaromír , Štěpáníková Markéta , Myška Matěj
Published: June 2017

V tomto diskusním příspěvku autorský kolektiv představuje vytvořenou anotační konvenci určenou pro manuální a v budoucnu automatickou anotaci soudních rozhodnutí. Finálním cílem je provedení komplexní citační analýzy rozhodovací praxe Ústavního soudu, Nejvyššího soudu a Nejvyššího správního soudu. Tímto textem navazujeme na předcházející text zabývající se možností citační analýzy za využití dostupných právních informačních systémů. Kromě představení anotační konvence se věnujeme i smyslu její existence, kterým má být budoucí automatická extrakce citací ze soudních rozhodnutí. V širší rovině by měl tento text přispět ke kultivaci citační kultury a pomoci pochopit úlohu, kterou odkazy hrají v rozhodovací praxi.
Přehled aktuální judikatury I/2017
Authors: Kasl František , Loutocký Pavel , Míšek Jakub , Slánská Anna , Straková Lucie , Štefanidesová Anna
Published: June 2017

Přehled aktuální judikatury I/2017
Effect of Diversified Model of Organizational Politics on Diversified Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Jamil Ahmad  , Hafiz Muhammad Waqas Akhtar  , Hifz ur Rahman  , Rao Muhammad Imran  , Noor ul Ain
Published: June 2017

Purpose behind the study is to explore the influence of organizational politics of bankers on the ability based emotional intelligence and their diversified interplay. The sample of 292 bankers was used for testing organizational politics’ effect on emotional intelligence as well as individual and collective effect of facets of organizational politics (general political behavior, going along to get ahead, and pay and promotions policies) on dimensions of emotional intelligence (self and others’ emotional appraisal, use and regulation of emotions). The results witnessed that organizational politics significantly affects emotional intelligence, whereas organizational politics’ dimensions significantly predict each emotional intelligence dimension collectively. It is also noted that general political behavior and going along to get ahead have a negative effect on the dimensions of emotional intelligence. But pay and promotion policies positively influences emotional intelligence dimensions. The study can be helpful for the managers, who can identify the patterns of political behaviors and the persons who use it by openly discussing it with the employees through training. Limitations and future suggestions are presented in later part.
Exploration of Leisure Time Valuation to Explain Sex-Based Wage Gaps among Salaried Primary Care Physicians in the US
Authors: Weeks William B. , Ventelou Bruno
Published: June 2017

In the US, female physicians have lower hourly incomes than their male counterparts, across specialties and after adjusting for physician and practice characteristics; however, female physicians work fewer hours than their male counterparts. We wanted to determine whether a simple method of valuing leisure time - overtime pay - might help explain sex-based wage gaps among US primary care physicians. Therefore, we used Community Tracking Study Physician Survey data from 1996-2005 to model the impact of overtime pay on sex-based wage gaps. As overtime premiums increased in our models, sex-based wage disparities decreased: they become statistically insignificant when overtime wages reached 0%, 32%, and 61% premiums using the ordinary least squared model and with 0%, 62%, and 55% premiums using the propensity score weighted model, for internal medicine, family practice, and pediatric physicians, respectively. We conclude that modest overtime premiums reduced sex-based hourly wage gaps for the salaried primary care physicians we examined. Future analyses of sex-based wage gaps should account for leisure time and its trade for work hours when it becomes scarce.
Lexical language-related episodes in pair and small group work
Authors: Garcia Mayo Maria del Pilar , Zeitler Nora
Published: June 2017

The present study investigates whether learner set up in interaction, namely in pairs or small groups, influences the frequency and outcome of lexical language-related episodes (LREs) and L2 vocabulary learning. Thirty Spanish English as a foreign language (EFL) university learners took part in the study. They worked in four groups and seven pairs on the same collaborative writing task. Research was carried out on the course of five weeks as a pre- and post- vocabulary task and an individual writing task were administered to assess vocabulary learning and retention. The quantitative analysis of the data showed that there was no significant difference between the performance of pairs and groups, although the latter produced slightly more lexical LREs than pairs and were able to solve most of them correctly. However, from a qualitative point of view, the findings suggest that small group work leads to slightly better results than pair work as the different members obtain benefits from their peers’ linguistic knowledge.
Why should we care about sound symbolism in EFL learning?: Two pilot studies
Authors: Roig-Marín Amanda
Published: June 2017

Given the importance of the phonological and lexical components of the language in L2 learning, this article discusses an innovative, holistic approach to learning these two components of the language based on the existence of “sound symbolism”—the interrelation between sound and meaning—in English. In particular, it describes how and why the study of sound symbolism can be advantageous to EFL learners. This claim is grounded in empirical data gathered from two pilot studies carried out in two educational settings (a secondary school and the University of Alicante). The results suggest that knowledge of sound symbolic principles underlying the English language can enhance lexical storage and semantic prediction
Variation in the pelvic and pectoral girdles of Australian Oligo–Miocene mekosuchine crocodiles with implications for locomotion and habitus
Authors: Stein Michael D. , Yates Adam , Hand Suzanne J. , Archer Michael
Published: June 2017

Australian Oligo–Miocene mekosuchines (Crocodylia; Crocodyloidea) display wide diversity in cranial shape and inferred hunting strategies. Terrestrial habitus has been inferred for these distinctive predators. A direct morphological signal for locomotion can be expected in the postcrania, particularly the pelvic and pectoral girdles. Here we describe fossil materials of the girdles, which chart their morphological variation in the subfamily from Eocene through to Middle Miocene. Over this period, both girdles undergo significant morphological changes. Notably, an enclosed, ventrally orientated acetabulum in the ilium is developed in one lineage. This recapitulates the erect parasagittal configuration of the pelvic limb seen in many Mesozoic crocodylomorph lineages, suggesting consistent use of erect high-walking in these mekosuchines. Other pelves from the same Oligo–Miocene deposits display morphology closer to modern crocodilians, suggesting a partitioning of locomotory strategy among sympatric mekosuchines. Plesiomorphic and derived pelvic girdles are distinguishable by parsimony analysis, and the earliest examples of the mekosuchine pelvis more closely resemble gavialids and alligatorids while latter forms converge on crown group crocodylids in the morphology of the iliac crest. This suggests that a revaluation of the base relationship of Mekosuchinae within Eusuchia is necessary.
3D-Analysis of a non-planispiral ammonoid from the Hunsrück Slate: natural or pathological variation?
Authors: Stilkerich Julia , Smrecak Trisha A. , De Baets Kenneth
Published: June 2017

We herein examine the only known non-planispirally coiled early Devonian ammonoid, the holotype specimen of Ivoites opitzi, to investigate if the host was encrusted in vivo and if these sclerobionts were responsible for the trochospiral coiling observed in this unique specimen. To test if the presence of runner-like sclerobionts infested the historically collected specimen of Ivoites opitzi during its life, we used microCT to produce a three-dimensional model of the surface of the specimen. Our results indicate that sclerobionts grew across the outer rim (venter) on both sides of the ammonoid conch at exactly the location where the deviation from the planispiral was recognized, and where subsequent ammonoid growth would likely preclude encrustation. This indicates in vivo encrustation of the I. opitzi specimen, and represents the earliest documentation of the phenomenon. Further, this suggests that non-planispiral coiling in I. opitzi was likely pathologically induced and does not represent natural morphological variation in the species. Despite the observed anomalies in coiling, the specimen reached adulthood and retains important identifying morphological features, suggesting the ammonoid was minimally impacted by encrustation in life. As such, appointing a new type specimen—as suggested by some authors—for the species is not necessary. In addition, we identify the sclerobionts responsible for modifying the coiling of this specimen as hederelloids, a peculiar group of sclerobionts likely related to phoronids. Hederelloids in the Devonian are commonly found encrusting on fossils collected in moderately deep environments within the photic zone and are rarely documented in dysphotic and aphotic samples. This indicates that when the ammonoid was encrusted it lived within the euphotic zone and supports the latest interpretations of the Hunsrück Slate depositional environment in the Bundenbach-Gemünden area.
Socioeconomic status influences sex ratios in a Chinese rural population
Authors: Luo Liqun , Ding Rui , Gao Xiali , Sun Jingjing , Zhao Wei
Published: June 2017

According to the logic of the Trivers–Willard hypothesis, in a human population, if socioeconomic status is transmitted across generations to some extent, and if sons of high-status parents tend to have higher reproductive success than daughters, while daughters of low-status parents tend to have higher reproductive success than sons, then we should expect that offspring sex ratio is positively associated with socioeconomic status. This study examines whether the assumptions and prediction of this hypothesis apply to a rural population in northern China. Results show that (1) current family socioeconomic status is positively related to family head’s father’s socioeconomic status in around 1950, (2) low-status family heads have more grandchildren through their daughters than their sons, whereas high- or middle-status family heads have more grandchildren through sons, and (3) as family heads’ status increases, they tend to produce a higher offspring sex ratio. Therefore, the assumptions and prediction of the hypothesis are met in the study population. These results are discussed in reference to past studies on sex ratio manipulation among humans.
Complete Proceedings - Single PDF Download
Authors: Johnson J. W.
Published: June 2017

The Conference on Coastal Engineering at Long Beach was conceived originally as a local meeting of engineers and scientists interested in shoreline problems and was sponsored by the University of California. It early became evident that there was widespread interest in the subject and that the program should be planned on a more ambitious scale. The aim was to aid engineers by summarizing the present state of the art and science related to the design and planning of coastal works rather than to present a series of original scientific contributions. Starting from a rather comprehensive outline, invitations were issued to recognized authorities to report on specific phases of the subject, and the authors cooperated splendidly both in their treatment of the subjects assigned and in their avoidance of overlapping other subjects. Although much remains to be done in the way of developing reliable design methods, the series of papers presented at the conference and published in this volume do represent a rather thorough summary of coastal engineering as now practiced.

Engineers engaged in the design of coastal works have had available to them a large number of papers dealing with various phases of the science related to their problems, but proper dealing with design were limited in number and scope. Only a few books on coastal engineering have been published. The quality and scope of the papers and the need for a comprehensive and modern treatment of the subject convinced the sponsors of the conference that publication in a single volume was desirable rather than piecemeal in the scientific and technical journals. The newly-formed Council on Wave Research secured funds to underwrite the publication costs from its parent organization, the Engineering Foundation.

A word about the term "Coastal Engineering" is perhaps in order here. It is not a new or separate branch of engineering and there is no implication intended that a new breed of engineer, and a new society, is in the making. Coastal Engineering is primarily a branch of Civil Engineering which leans heavily on the sciences of oceanography, meteorology, fluid mechanics, electronics, structural mechanics, and others. However, it is also true that the design of coastal works does involve many criteria which are foreign to other phases of civil engineering and the novices in this field should proceed with caution. Along the coastlines of the world, numerous engineering works in various stages of disintegration testify to the futility and wastefulness of disregarding the tremendous destructive forces of the sea. Far worse than the destruction of insubstantial coastal works has been the damage to adjacent shorelines caused by structures planned in ignorance of, and occasionally in disregard of, the shoreline processes operative in the area.

The Council on Wave Research takes this opportunity to thank the authors of the papers and the many others who assisted in organization of the conference and in the preparation of this volume for publication.
NEARSHORE CIRCULATION
Authors: Shepard F. P. , Inman D. L.
Published: June 2017

Studies of nearshore circulation were initiated at Scripps Institution during World War II. A method of estimating the velocity of longshore currents from known wave conditions on straight beaches with parallel contours was devised by Munk and Traylor (1945) and later revised by Putnam, Munk and Traylor (1949). Their methods were based on energy and momentum considerations which were applied to the following two types of observations: (1) field observations of longshore currents along the straight beach at Oceanside, California made by Munk and Traylor (1945), and (2) laboratory measurements conducted at the Department of Engineering, University of California.
HARBOR SURGING
Authors: Vanoni Vito A. , Carr John H.
Published: June 2017

Surge is the name applied to wave motion with period intermediate between that of ordinary wind waves and that of the tides; say from one to sixty minutes. An additional characteristic of surge is that it is usually of very low height; perhaps 0.3 ft. is typical. This type of wave motion has been observed along the entire Pacific coast of the United States (Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1943), and in some places, notably Los Angeles Harbor, has been of serious concern to harbor authorities.
Complete Proceedings - Single PDF Download
Authors: Johnson J. W.
Published: June 2017

This conference was sponsored jointly by the Council on Wave Research, the Southwest Research Institute, and Texas A&M Research Foundation. Support in its preparation was supplied by Rice Institute, the University of Houston, and the local branches of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, and the American Petroleum Institute. Appreciation is expressed to the U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters and the Mobile and Galveston Districts of the Corps of Engineers for photographs supplied to illustrate the cover and the section titles of this publication.
MUDLUMPS AT THE MOUTHS OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER
Authors: Morgan James P.
Published: June 2017

Mudlump is a popular name for the upswellings of clay which commonly form islands near the mouths of the Mississippi River passes. These features usually are associated with the bars at the river mouths. The bars are localized sedimentary deposits formed where the river waters enter the relatively still Gulf of Mexico. At present the mudlumps are found within a few thousand feet of the mouth of North Pass, Pass A Loutre, Northeast Pass, Southeast Pass, old Balize Bayou, South Pass and Southwest Pass. Mudlumps appear to be a phenomenon unique to the Mississippi River Delta for they are unreported from any other locality.
THE SOLITARY WAVE: ITS CELERITY, PROFILE, INTERNAL VELOCITIES AND AMPLITUDE ATTENUATION IN A HORIZONTAL SMOOTH CHANNEL
Authors: Daily James W. , Stephan, Jr. Samuel C.
Published: June 2017

The solitary wave consists of a single elevation of water above the originally undisturbed level as shown in Figure 1. It is translatory, a passing wave causing a definite net horizontal displacement of the liquid. While the characteristics of oscillatory waves depend on wave length as well as wave height and water depth, the solitary wave is apparently described completely by the wave height and water depth so long as attenuation due to friction is unimportant.
THE THEORY OF THE REFRACTION OF A SHORT CRESTED GAUSSIAN SEA SURFACE WITH APPLICATION TO THE NORTHERN NEW JERSEY COAST
Authors: Pierson, Jr. Willard J. , Tuttell John J. , Woolley John A.
Published: June 2017

The Thorndike Barnhart Dictionary (1951) defines a wave as a "moving ridge or swell of water." Almost everyone will agree to this definition. Milne-Thompson (1938) in Theoretical Hydrodynamics begins Chapter Fourteen on waves with the two paragraphs quoted in full below:

"14.10 Wave motion. A wave motion of a liquid acted upon by gravity and having a free surface is a motion in which the elevation of the free surface above some chosen fixed horizontal plane varies with time.

Taking the axis of x to be horizontal and the axis of z to be vertically upwards, a motion in which the vertical section of the free surface at time t is of the form z = a sin(mx - nt) (1), where a, m, n are constants, is called a simple harmonic progressive wave."