bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Berdasarkan Self-Efficcy Siswa Dalam Pemecahan Masalah Matematika
Authors: Supriyati Riski , Supriyono  , Nila Kurniasih
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine mathematical communication skills based on students' self-efficacy in solving mathematics problems in junior high schools. This research method is a qualitative descriptive research method. The subjects of this study were students of class VIIC on the material of the Association. The technique of taking this subject uses a purposive technique. Selection of subjects based on the results of filling in the student self-efficacy scale. Next, the subject selection was taken by two students who had high self-efficacy and two students with low self-efficacy. Data collection techniques used questionnaires, tests, and field notes. The research instrument used a questionnaire and test. Data analysis techniques use data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that students with high self-efficacy are able to express their mathematical ideas in the form of mathematical communication to find solutions to problems well. They look firm and confident in communicating their mathematical ideas into mathematical symbols and models. Students with low self-efficacy still have difficulty communicating their mathematical ideas and are not thorough in solving problems. They are also often less precise in using mathematical terms and notations.
Analisis Kebutuhan E-MODUL Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Matematis Siswa Dalam Memecahkan Masalah Pada Soal Uraian
Authors: Rochmat Syaiful , Suparman Suparman
Published: March 2022

Problem-solving in mathematical ability is the ability to solve a problem in stages, understand a problem, look for settlement strategies, carry out strategies and check the results of the strategies used. Problem-solving is very necessary in the current revolution era because it is very important. Some students have very low problem-solving skills in dealing with essay questions. In matters of describing students' thinking patterns, it is very influential when working on the description problems themselves or in the real world. These days, matters of description in everyday life are very important and very much needed. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research in which class X Mathematics of specialization at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Yogyakarta is the subject of this study. The object of this research includes the problem description problem skills, learning models during class, and learning resources used by students. The purpose of this research is to analyze the needs of MODUL to improve the problem description problem skills of students. The result of this research is that the ability to work on essay questions is still low. Learning resources and models used in learning that need to be developed. So that we need MODUL which aims to improve mathematical abilities in the problem description of the students.
Approaching different stages of the disease and the correlated treatment on Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH): a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors:   Oklahoma University, Ritto Fernanda , Tiwana Karen ,   Oklahoma University, Dacus Zachary ,   Oklahoma University, Schmitz Troy ,   Oklahoma University, Canellas João Vitor ,   INPLASY, Inc.
Published: March 2022

Review question / Objective: This systematic review aims to define and evaluate the treatments available for two different stages of the Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) defect. On stage I, the lesion is classified as Mild and is characterized by demarcated opacities without posteruptive breakdown. On stage II, the lesion is classified as Severe and is characterized by posteruptive breakdown of enamel. To this end, the proposed study will answer the following question: What are the treatments available and their results for the two different stages of MIH on permanent teeth? Condition being studied: Mild and Severe Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH). MIH is an enamel defect that occurs during the mineralization on the second stage of the formation of the enamel called maturation phase. This disease affects the outer layer of enamel, making the structure soft and undercalcified. The appearance of the lesion can be white opaque to yellow brown depending on the stage ( mild or severe).
The concept of creating a single digital portal of transport universities
Authors: Kazmina Olesya A. , Kazmin Sergei A. , Pyshkina Nadezhda Y. , Kholopova Anna A.
Published: March 2022

The guidelines outlined in the strategic documents for the digitalization of the transport industry can be implemented only if there are highly qualified specialists with the necessary competencies. The necessary level and quality of industry education should be provided by Rosmorrechflot transport universities, including through a Single digital portal, which is a single window to a single educational content within a single digital environment of the water transport industry. The relevance and prerequisites for the creation of a Single digital portal of transport universities are presented. The purpose and objectives are formulated, as well as the concept of creating a single digital portal of Rosmorrechflot transport universities, contributing to the implementation of state policy in the field of training industry personnel, increasing the personnel potential of the industry, increasing the competitiveness of transport education.
Substantiation of the main dimensions of the trimaran from the passenger capacity condition in the tasks of research design
Authors: Korepanov Alexey E. , Ronnov Evgeniy P.
Published: March 2022

The article presents a study of the relationship between passenger capacity and the main dimensions of passenger vessels-trimarans. The state of this issue has not been sufficiently studied today because there is no methodology to determine what the main dimensions of the central hull and outriggers will be and their location relative to each other along the length and width of the vessel, depending on the necessary passenger accommodation on the vessel. The field of research is the design of ships, in particular the design of passenger trimaran vessels, and the object is to determine the main dimensions of the trimaran vessel from the conditions of passenger capacity. The article reflects the architectural and design features of the trimaran vessel, depending on the location of outriggers on it. Based on the data analysis, dependencies were obtained to determine the main dimensions of the trimaran hull based on the location of a given number of passengers on it.
Status and problems of turbocharging four-stroke marine diesel engines
Authors: Berdnik Aleksey N.
Published: March 2022

Currently, neither existing calculation methods nor experimental research methods, which are time-consuming and sometimes impossible, can unambiguously answer the question related to the choice of a rational turbocharging system piston engine depending on the average effective pressure. Because it is, precisely such a parameter as the average effective pressure that is not only a complex parameter that characterizes the efficient operation of a piston engine, but also an indicator of the level of forcing of a piston engine. In fact, it is impossible to speak unequivocally about the choice of a particular turbocharging system depending on the average effective pressure for all piston engines. This is primarily due to the type, purpose and operating conditions of the piston engine, i.e. diesel, gasoline, two- or four-stroke, marine, tractor, etc. Therefore, in this work not all piston engines in general are considered, namely marine four-stroke diesels, which most of the time operate on nominal mode. From the point of view of the methodological approach, an overview of turbocharging systems of marine diesel engines is presented and their place is determined depending on the average effective pressure. Shown the tendency of development of various turbocharging systems of marine diesel engines depending on the level of forcing by on the average effective pressure.
Aspects of research and evaluation of information transparency in supply chains
Authors: Sirotkin Artem A.
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the consideration of the need and multidimensional information transparency in supply chains as an element connecting cargo, means of working with cargo, transport and logistics infrastructure. Cost, logistics, statistical and process approaches to understanding information transparency in supply chains are presented. As part of the cost approach, information transparency is understood as the result of the investment activities of companies, therefore, examples of companies investing in the development of appropriate digital solutions are presented. The logistics approach determines the importance of information transparency, which consists in creating advantages in the supply chain, providing specific (depending on the type of cargo transported) results, as well as receiving answers to questions at each stage in the supply chain. The statistical approach formalizes (using the calculation methodology) the idea of ​ ​ information transparency of processes in the supply chain. The process approach allows you to understand how information transparency is created in the supply chain.
Analysis of the current state and directions of development of passenger transport until 2035
Authors: Bafanov Artem P.
Published: March 2022

The material of an analytical study of the current state of inland water transport of the Russian Federation based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service is proposed. The introduction describes the importance of developing relevant directions for the development of the country's transport complex. The article is devoted to the study of actual scientific and practical problems of the development of passenger transportation by inland waterway transport of the Russian Federation. It analyzes both statistical data on the operation of river transport and the goals outlined in the strategy for the development of inland waterway transport of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2035. The directions of scientific thought on the problems of river passenger transportation have also been studied. The results highlight the main problems of the country's transport industry and especially passenger transport on inland waterways. The author's proposals on the directions and projects of the industry development are submitted for discussion.
Management of stakeholders of innovative projects implemented by transport enterprises
Authors: Polzunova Natalia N.
Published: March 2022

The relevance of the presented research is due to the increase in the practical role of project management in ensuring the efficiency of the functioning of domestic transport enterprises, as well as the strong influence of the interests of stakeholders on the innovative activities of transport companies. It is important to focus attention and work with the requirements of stakeholders, because they will, on the one hand, evaluate the success of an innovative project, and on the other hand, shape this success. The article presents strategies for managing stakeholders of innovative projects implemented by transport enterprises that are tied to the type of stakeholder. The peculiarities of managing stakeholders of innovative projects implemented by transport enterprises are also highlighted. Due to timely consideration of the interests of different stakeholders and the use of appropriate strategies, it is possible to form effective management processes for innovative projects implemented by transport enterprises.
Stimulation of Alpha-1-Adrenergic Receptor Ameliorates Obesity-Induced Cataracts by Activating Glycolysis and Inhibiting Cataract-Inducing Factors
Authors: Lee Yong-Jik , Jang Yoo-Na , Kim Hyun-Min , Han Yoon-Mi , Seo Hong Seog , Eom Youngsub , Song Jong-suk , Jeong Ji Hoon , Jung Tae Woo
Published: March 2022

Background: Obesity, the prevalence of which is increasing due to the lack of exercise and increased consumption of Westernized diets, induces various complications, including ophthalmic diseases. For example, obesity is involved in the onset of cataracts.Methods: To clarify the effects and mechanisms of midodrine, an α1-adrenergic receptor agonist, in cataracts induced by obesity, we conducted various analytic experiments in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a rat model of obesity.Results: Midodrine prevented cataract occurrence and improved lens clearance in OLETF rats. In the lenses of OLETF rats treated with midodrine, we observed lower levels of aldose reductase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and sorbitol, but higher levels of hexokinase, 5’-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-alpha, adenosine 5´-triphosphate, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptordelta, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, superoxide dismutase, and catalase.Conclusion: The ameliorating effects of midodrine on cataracts in the OLETF obesity rat model are exerted via the following three mechanisms: direct inhibition of the biosynthesis of sorbitol, which causes cataracts; reduction of reactive oxygen species and inflammation; and (3) stimulation of normal aerobic glycolysis.
ENVIRON-ECONOMIC BALANCE ANALYSIS IN BILATERAL INDUSTRIAL TRADE: A COMPARISON BETWEEN AUSTRALIA AND CHINA
Authors: Gao Qun , Liu Bin , Li Junjie , Liu Chunlu , Xu Youquan
Published: March 2022

Exchanges of products and services in bilateral industries may be accompanied by environmental and economic inequalities which lead to imbalanced situations in relation to environmental protection and economic development. In a close trade relationship between two countries such as Australia and China, their industries inevitably affect each other. This study maps the embodied CO2 emissions and value added in bilateral trade under the input–output model and measures the unequal exchanges in such trade using an originally established industrial environ-economic balance index. The bilateral trade between Australia and China is taken as an example to validate the outcomes of the research method. The results indicate that in 2014, Australia transferred 580.90 billion tons of CO2 and 105.85 billion USD of value added to China, while approximately 375.65 billion tons of CO2 and 25.15 billion USD of value added flowed from China to Australia. China’s manufacturing, construction, and services and other industries, and China’s and Australia’s real estate activities industries had net inflows of embodied CO2 emissions and value added, indicating these industries paid economic costs in return for reducing environmental pressure. In inter-industrial trade between Australia and China, 49 pairs of bilateral industrial trades were relatively fairly balanced, while the remaining 15 pairs of inter-industrial trades were imbalanced. The established environ-economic balance analysis method and quantitative findings are valuable for better understanding the environment impacts of the economic development of national economies and developing national policies in corresponding to the rising environmental issues.
A new species of the tarantula genus Haplocosmia (Araneae, Theraphosidae) from Tibet, China
Authors: Lin Ye-Jie , Yan Xunyou , Li Shuqiang
Published: March 2022

Haplocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1996 is a small genus distributed in the Himalayas that includes two species. This genus has not been found in China (Li et al. 2021, Yao et al. 2021, Zhao et al. 2022).

A new species of the genus Haplocosmia is described from China: Haplocosmia sherwoodae sp. n. from Tibet. Photos and a morphological description of the new species are given. The type specimen of the new species is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (IZCAS).
What is valued in conservation? A framework to compare ethical perspectives
Authors: Latombe Guillaume , Lenzner Bernd , Schertler Anna , Dullinger Stefan , Glaser Michael , Jarić Ivan , Pauchard Aníbal , Wilson John R. U. , Essl Franz
Published: March 2022

Perspectives in conservation are based on a variety of value systems. Such differences in how people value nature and its components lead to different evaluations of the morality of conservation goals and approaches, and often underlie disagreements in the formulation and implementation of environmental management policies. Specifically, whether a conservation action (e.g. killing feral cats to reduce predation on bird species threatened with extinction) is viewed as appropriate or not can vary among people with different value systems. Here, we present a conceptual, mathematical framework intended as a tool to systematically explore and clarify core value statements in conservation approaches. Its purpose is to highlight how fundamental differences between these value systems can lead to different prioritizations of available management options and offer a common ground for discourse. The proposed equations decompose the question underlying many controversies around management decisions in conservation: what or who is valued, how, and to what extent? We compare how management decisions would likely be viewed under three idealised value systems: ecocentric conservation, which aims to preserve biodiversity; new conservation, which considers that biodiversity can only be preserved if it benefits humans; and sentientist conservation, which aims at minimising suffering for sentient beings. We illustrate the utility of the framework by applying it to case studies involving invasive alien species, rewilding, and trophy hunting. By making value systems and their consequences in practice explicit, the framework facilitates debates on contested conservation issues, and complements philosophical discursive approaches about moral reasoning. We believe dissecting the core value statements on which conservation decisions are based will provide an additional tool to understand and address conservation conflicts.
Ten Lessons in Collaboration
Authors: Gardner Deborah
Published: March 2022

Collaboration is a substantive idea repeatedly discussed in health care circles. The benefits are well validated. Yet collaboration is seldom practiced. So what is the problem? The lack of a shared definition is one barrier. Additionally, the complexity of collaboration and the skills required to facilitate the process are formidable. Much of the literature on collaboration describes what it should look like as an outcome, but little is written describing how to approach the developmental process of collaboration. In an attempt to remedy the all too familiar riddle of matching ends with means, this article offers key lessons to bridge the discourse on collaboration with the practice of collaboration. These lessons can benefit clinical nurse managers and all nurses who operate in an organizational setting that requires complex problem solving.
HIPAA: Past, Present and Future Implications for Nurses
Authors: Flores Joe , Dodier Andrea
Published: March 2022

Congress enacted Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in 1996 to limit the ability of an employer to deny health insurance coverage to employees with preexisting medical conditions. The law also directed the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to develop privacy rules, including, but not limited to, the use of electronic medical records. This law has increased patient privacy, but in doing so has added to the financial burden, including personnel costs in health care. Nurses stand at the forefront in the resolution of the dilemma of patient privacy versus health care expediency. The purpose of this article is to assist nurses and other health care professionals to better understand their responsibilities regarding HIPAA regulations. First, responses to HIPAA regulations by covered entities to date, along with responses which are still needed, will be described. It will be noted that HIPAA is a work in progress and not a specific act. Next, future initiatives having HIPAA implications will be presented. In conclusion, the need for all covered entities and their personnel to look broadly at HIPAA as initiating a new way of work in health care will be emphasized.
L'éthique et l'office chez le juge et l'avocat : double face d'une valeur
Authors: Gillet Jean-Louis
Published: March 2022

Le courage est, dit-on, l'incarnation des valeurs. Cette vertu, proprement humaine, a bien sûr son exigence et son utilité. Elle dicte de se conformer à des règles et de donner ainsi à autrui ce qu'il peut, selon les mêmes règles, attendre de nous. En d'autres termes, elle définit une éthique (ce à quoi je crois dans cette vie) et un office (ce à quoi je sers dans cette société). La première, au sens des philosophes, s'inscrit dans les préceptes et la croyance et définit ce qui doit être. Le second, au sens des politiques, s'inscrit dans les relations et pratiques et définit ce qu'il convient de faire 1 . Quand elles entrent dans un champ professionnel, les deux notions trouvent une projection commune dans la déontologie 2 . Le juge et l'avocat, professionnels du droit vécu sous les angles du fond et de la procédure, ont chacun leur déontologie, qui trouve sa source dans leur éthique et leur office. L'éthique les situe dans une foi commune dans le droit. L'office leur dicte d'apporter le droit aux autres.
Dialogue imaginaire entre étudiants–citoyens
Authors: Robin Cécile
Published: March 2022

Qu'est-ce qu'enseigner le droit ? 1 Est-ce enseigner le contenu de la règle de droit et, en l'occurrence, le traitement juridique du fait religieux en entreprise ? Est-ce replacer les réponses pratiques légales ou jurisprudentielles dans le contexte sociétal, économique, politique, philosophique… qui les entoure et qui préside à ces réponses ? Le problème juridique n'est-il qu'une question de technique ou est-il la traduction, la mise en mots du droit d'une lourde interrogation sociétale autour de la liberté de conscience, de pensée et de religion, des valeurs d'une société, de ses fondements ? La saynète fictive qui suit raconte un vœu pieux ou l'espoir laïc : que le travail du droit suscite à nouveau de tels échanges interrogatifs, perplexes parfois, naïfs, intranquilles 2 entre des étudiants-citoyens égarés au milieu de certitudes aberrantes…
Le juge français et ses valeurs sous le regard cinématographique
Authors: Flores-Lonjou Magalie , Thirion Nicolas
Published: March 2022

Dans une société désertée par la morale et la religion, le juge est régulièrement conduit à trancher des questions politiques et sociales qui invitent à s'interroger sur la fiction juridique de sa neutralité axiologique. En effet, à ce juge prétendument « bouche de la loi », on demande de prendre parti, fût-ce sous couvert d'une rhétorique d'apparence neutre – celle du droit. Comment concilier la figure abstraite du juge – celle d'un tiers impartial, situé au-dessus de la mêlée – et son incarnation dans un être de chair et de sang, traversé par ses passions, ses préjugés et sa vision du monde ? Certaines analyses, extérieures à la doctrine juridique, ont tenté d'appréhender les rapports complexes entre le mythe de l'impartialité et la réalité des rapports du juge aux valeurs (sociologie du droit et de la justice, théories du droit dites réalistes). Toutefois, au-delà de ces discours savants, le cinéma a également exploré, avec ses moyens propres, cette question de l'articulation entre la mission du juge, ses opinions personnelles, le cas échéant éclairées par le contexte social, et les conflits de valeurs auxquels il se trouve confronté dans le prétoire, en nous offrant plusieurs figures de juges français, qu'il s'agisse du juge du siège ou du parquet.
Affirmer les valeurs vitales – dans la poussière L'Intrus de W. Faulkner
Authors: Camelin Colette
Published: March 2022

L'Intrus dans la poussière de William Faulkner invite à réfléchir à « l'écart de valeur » entre les vies blanches et les vies noires dans le Sud des États-Unis où la pratique du lynchage était « normale ». Le Noir Lucas Beauchamp est considéré coupable du meurtre d'un Blanc. Mais Charles Mallison, le Noir Aleck Sander, âgés de seize ans, et Miss Habersham mènent l'enquête la nuit dans un cimetière afin de prouver l'innocence de Lucas. Charles, terrorisé par la « Face monstrueuse » de la foule venue lyncher Lucas, éprouve de la honte envers son peuple. Selon Faulkner, sa conversion figure celle des Blancs du Sud à une justice qui permettrait de dépasser l'esclavage et le racisme. Mais pour défendre les valeurs essentielles, il faudrait une politique ferme, un système judiciaire efficace et une pensée de la diversité (Baldwin, Glissant, King).
Des appels téléphoniques contre l’isolement social lors du confinement lié à la Covid-19
Authors: Bocquier Aurélie , Costa Marie , Arquier Valérie , Trotta Christelle , Lavandera Alice , Verger Pierre
Published: March 2022

Contexte.  Lors du confinement lié à la Covid-19, la caisse de retraite du Sud-Est a initié une campagne d’appels téléphoniques pour maintenir un lien social avec les retraités isolés. Une enquête auprès des appelants a été menée pour documenter leur point de vue sur la campagne et le vécu du confinement par les retraités. Méthodologie.  Enquête qualitative par entretien directif auprès de 19 appelants du 16 juin au 2 juillet 2020. Résultats.  Du point de vue des appelants, les retraités souffraient principalement d’un manque de contact physique et affectif avec leur famille et d’une baisse d’activité physique affectant la qualité de vie et l’autonomie. Les appelants ont témoigné d’une forte mobilisation des proches (famille, voisins) et, dans certains territoires, des acteurs locaux. Cette campagne a permis aux appelants de se sentir utiles, de redonner de l’humanité à leur métier et de mieux connaître les besoins des retraités. Ils ont regretté un manque de préparation à la fois technique et psychologique. Discussion.  Ce retour d’expérience fournit diverses pistes d’amélioration de ce type de campagne (public cible, formation des appelants, collaboration entre acteurs).
High dimensional Riesz space distributed-order advection-dispersion equations with ADI scheme in compression format
Authors: Chou Lot-Kei , Lei Siu-Long
Published: March 2022

A second order alternating direction implicit scheme for time-dependent Riesz space distributed-order advection-dispersion equations is applied to higher dimensions with the Tensor-Train decomposition technique. The solutions are solved in compressed format, the Tensor-Train format, and the errors accumulated due to compressions are analyzed to ensure convergence. Problems with low-rank data are tested, the results illustrated a steeper growth in the ranks of the numerical solutions than that in related works.
Histoire de la famille et histoire politique
Authors: Casella Laura
Published: March 2022

La famille a constitué l’un des domaines de recherche les plus fertiles de ces dernières décennies. En favorisant l’histoire des dynamiques sociales et des pratiques politiques, à l’intersection du public et du privé, les études sur la famille – de la fin de l’époque moderne à l’époque contemporaine – ont participé, à bien des égards, à la réécriture de l’histoire politique. Elles ont, en outre, permis d’appréhender les relations entre groupe et individu, biographies individuelles et collectives, appartenance et autodétermination. S’inscrit dans cette perspective une historiographie récente, attentive au bagage sémantique et aux catégories que partagent l’histoire politique et l’histoire de la famille. C’est le cas, par exemple, de « génération » et de « fraternité », catégories historiques qui permettent d’éclairer avec efficacité les parentés biologiques ou électives. D’un point de vue méthodologique, les sources autobiographiques et les mémoires qui renvoient au domaine familial peuvent avoir une valeur politique importante et représenter des exemples significatifs d’une mise en écriture stratifiée d’événements à la fois personnels, familiaux et publics.
I cardinali protettori dei salesiani (1879-1970)
Authors: Canino Zanoletty Miguel
Published: March 2022

In questo contributo si presentano i primi cardinali protettori dei salesiani tentando di capire le motivazioni delle scelte, le strategie davanti alle nomine e il rapporto reale tra questi cardinali e la Congregazione salesiana. Dall’inizio D. Bosco capì l’importanza di avere al suo fianco personalità ecclesiastiche di spicco per difendere la sua causa. Il travagliato processo di approvazione definitiva della Congregazione e delle costituzioni rafforzò questa convinzione. Così i salesiani cercarono cardinali protettori di primo livello, anche se non sempre riuscirono ad avergli. I rapporti con i cardinali protettori si inseriscono nel insieme di strategie in difesa dei loro interessi e nella ricerca di una posizione di importanza nel contesto romano del tempo.
Les cardinaux sede vacante : libertas Ecclesiae et législation du conclave
Authors: Jankowiak François
Published: March 2022

Les périodes de vacance du Siège apostolique surexposent les cardinaux, suscitant les attentes du peuple romain et, au-delà, de l’ensemble des fidèles. Cette focalisation s’opère tandis que le Sacré Collège adopte la configuration fermée du conclave, institution continûment règlementée depuis la période médiévale dans l’optique de protéger la libertas Ecclesiae face aux menaces d’intervention des pouvoirs séculiers. De l’élection de Pie VI à celle de Jean-Paul II, les sources normatives attestent la constance de cette préoccupation, la papauté réitérant l’exigence de la liberté in caput de l’Église dans le contexte de la Question romaine. Après 1870, l’argumentaire trouve son point de cristallisation avec la prohibition de la prérogative du jus exclusivae que prétendaient détenir les grandes puissances européennes et dont l’Autriche fit un dernier usage lors du conclave de 1903.
« Venerabiles Fratres » : recherches sur le consistoire et les allocutions consistoriales (XIXe-XXe siècle)
Authors: Pettinaroli Laura
Published: March 2022

L’institution plusieurs fois centenaire du consistoire n’a pas attiré l’attention des historiens de la période contemporaine. Cette carence historiographique semble s’expliquer par le caractère extrêmement formel des consistoires, au sein desquels les cardinaux ne semblent réunis autour du pape que pour entériner silencieusement des décisions prises ailleurs. L’institution, malgré des périodes d’étiage, reste pourtant bien vivante aux XIXe et XXe siècles. Plus encore, les allocutions consistoriales – c’est-à-dire les discours des papes aux cardinaux réunis en consistoire – revêtent fréquemment une certaine importance politique. Cet article pose quelques jalons pour une histoire du consistoire à la période contemporaine, tout en interrogeant les allocutions consistoriales comme lieu-clé de la définition du cardinalat.
Il centro cardinalizio per una strategia vaticana nel governo della Chiesa dopo il 1870
Authors: Ciampani Andrea
Published: March 2022

Mentre la fine dello Stato pontificio evidenzia processi di grande respiro, dopo il 1870 si manifesta un dinamismo nuovo nel governo della S. Sede. Ne è protagonista un ampio centro cardinalizio, emerso dopo il Sillabo e affermatosi negli anni Settanta, in grado di attrarre elementi moderati dagli ambienti transigenti o intransigenti. Costituito da più componenti e generazioni, il centro cardinalizio introdusse nella curia romana, tra i pontificati di Pio IX e Leone XIII, una progettualità in grado di riaffermare il rapporto tra ortodossia, morale e politica consentendo una pluralità di condotta pratica dei cattolici nella vita pubblica. Entro tale indirizzo prende forma la strategia vaticana, presto evidente nel caso italiano e belga, per unire nella società moderna i fedeli cattolici e favorire una loro mobilitazione a sostegno delle « esigenze altissime » della S. Sede.
Réflexions sur le statut juridique du décor peint dans les domus et les villae romaines
Authors: Davoine Charles
Published: March 2022

L’enduit peint, comme les marbres, les reliefs et les autres éléments de décor attachés aux murs, relève de ce que les juristes romains appellent l’ornatus d’une demeure. Cette ornementation est ambivalente : elle vise uniquement à l’agrément de celui qui vit dans les lieux, tout en contribuant à la valeur du bien immobilier et, par conséquent, à la qualification juridique de l’édifice. Pour cette raison, la modification du décor pariétal est encadrée par le droit romain, particulièrement dans le cas où plusieurs acteurs ont des droits sur les mêmes murs. La pose ou la dépose d’un enduit constitue alors un cas limite, sur lequel les juristes ne sont pas toujours en accord : les différentes situations qu’ils envisagent permettent de réfléchir aux rapports étroits entre la peinture, l’édifice et le patrimoine des propriétaires.
Diplomates et cardinaux, la diplomatie au service du Saint-Siège dans le recrutement et l’organisation de la Curie : esquisse d’évaluation
Authors: Sibre Olivier
Published: March 2022

La diplomatie pontificale se décline sous différentes formes à travers lesquelles s’entremêlent parfois les fonctions et parcours de représentations et celle de cardinal. L’article montre la place modeste, finalement, de la diplomatie pontificale dans l’accession au cardinalat, mais en même temps précise son rôle de fonction publique du Saint-Siège particulièrement bien délimitée, confirmée par son statut international. Le cardinal demeure une participation interne, polymorphe et complexe au gouvernement pontifical, exprimant tardivement la diversité des Églises locales, face à une diplomatie demeurée profondément européenne voire italienne.
Les enduits peints fragmentaires du Vieil-Évreux (Eure)
Authors: Bonelli Laetitia
Published: March 2022

Les fouilles archéologiques sur les thermes et sur le temple du Vieil-Évreux ont mis au jour d’importants lots d’enduits peints fragmentaires, sur une large répartition stratigraphique. Pour aborder ces ensembles, une méthodologie favorisant l’approche contextuelle ainsi que la comparaison entre les fragments a été privilégiée. Les résultats obtenus permettent de comprendre comment sont gérés les enduits peints après leur démolition, de la récupération au recyclage, jusqu’à la réinsertion dans les circuits de construction. L’exemple du Vieil-Evreux montre qu’il est possible de suivre ces pratiques au fur et à mesure de l’évolution architecturale des monuments, jusqu’à mettre en lumière des gestes et des étapes de chantier, pendant les périodes de travaux. Plus largement, cela met en évidence une exploitation des gravats et questionne l’existence d’une économie associée.
Intonaci erranti ostiensi
Authors: David Massimiliano , Piero Milani Gian , Melega Alessandro
Published: March 2022

Nel corso delle indagini condotte nell’area suburbana fuori porta Marina di Ostia (insula 9, regio IV) nell’ambito del Progetto Ostia Marina del Dipartimento di Storia Culture Civiltà dell’Università di Bologna, è stato rinvenuto un corpo di fabbrica a destinazione abitativa e commerciale, denominato Caseggiato delle due scale, la cui epoca di costruzione risale al 134 d.C. circa. Il fabbricato si spingeva con le sue fondazioni in profondità negli strati sabbiosi dell’antica battigia, adottando speciali apprestamenti per la preparazione dei piani pavimentali. Al di sotto dello statumen sono stati infatti rinvenuti spessi strati di sottopreparazione in gran parte costituiti da frammenti di intonaci affrescati, riconducibili a diversi contesti originari e inquadrabili nel IV Stile. Tali intonaci erano utilizzati con lo scopo di isolare e livellare gli interni dell’edificio prima di stendere i veri e propri livelli di preparazione pavimentale. Diversi frammenti recano graffiti, con parole e testi in latino e greco.
De authentico romani pontificis magisterio… le Saint-Siège selon le cardinal Rampolla
Authors: Ticchi Jean-Marc
Published: March 2022

L’examen des procès-verbaux de la congrégation des Affaires ecclésiastiques extraordinaires, de 1888 à 1902 permet d’évoquer l’ecclésiologie qui se trouve au fondement de l’action diplomatique du cardinal Rampolla. Celle-ci se caractérise par une « mystique de la papauté » qui exalte la supériorité et l’universalité du Siège apostolique. Elle tend à préserver la dignité du Saint-Siège dans la gestion des relations diplomatiques et à encourager l’union des catholiques.
La Curia romana e il Messico : diplomazia pontificia e « diplomazie parallele » (1914-1931)
Authors: Valvo Paolo
Published: March 2022

Il conflitto tra Stato e Chiesa che attraversa il Messico rivoluzionario lungo i pontificati di Benedetto XV e Pio XI rappresenta una sfida drammatica per la Sede Apostolica. Questa sfida coinvolge diversi membri del Sacro Collegio. Accanto alle sedi istituzionali in cui avviene il confronto tra i membri della Curia – come la Segreteria di Stato e a partire dal 1918 la Congregazione per gli Affari Ecclesiastici Straordinari – in diverse occasioni si assiste al fiorire di vere « diplomazie parallele » basate su rapporti informali, che rispecchiano gli interessi dei settori più radicali del cattolicesimo messicano, in polemica con l’atteggiamento moderato e conciliante dimostrato dalla diplomazia pontificia nei confronti del governo messicano anticlericale. L’obiettivo dichiarato è spingere il pontefice ad adottare una posizione più vicina alla sensibilità degli intransigenti.
Frammentare l’intero, ricomporre i frammenti
Authors: Prisco Gabriella
Published: March 2022

Una nuova vita per gli affreschi antichi : questo è uno degli esiti delle scoperte nelle città vesuviane sepolte dall’eruzione. I dipinti asportati in epoca borbonica si rivelano, ad un’analisi ravvicinata, frutto di una ri-creazione della realtà : non solo per l’invenzione di una vera e propria quadreria di dipinti antichi, senza rivali in Europa e nel mondo, ma anche per l’oscillazione – molto evidente specie nei primi decenni degli scavi – tra la volontà di riunire/ricomporre i frammenti di pregio rinvenuti in caduta e la necessità di selezionare ed estrapolare, da sistemi decorativi scoperti in situ, alcuni brani, frammentando ciò che era giunto integro attraverso il tempo. Grazie alla seriazione cronologica delle scoperte e degli stacchi è possibile arti-colare maggiormente questo percorso, in cui intervengono, accanto a mutamenti del gusto, variazioni nella tecnica di scavo e nei saperi tecnici che presiedevano alle operazioni conservative.
Limites en pierre sèche et structure agraire dans la Pouille méridionale (VIe-XIIe s.)
Authors: Stranieri Giovanni
Published: March 2022

La connaissance de l’organisation des espaces en Pouille méridionale pendant le haut Moyen Âge progresse depuis deux décennies grâce à des programmes de recherche spécifiques. Si dans une première phase ce sont surtout les villages désertés qui ont fait l’objet d’enquêtes extensives et de fouilles, plus récemment les médiévistes se tournent également vers la structure agraire, visant une compréhension globale des paysages historiques. Dans ce domaine, des résultats novateurs viennent de la caractérisation archéologique des formes parcellaires.En particulier, le paysage agraire de la région étudiée est marqué par la présence massive de limites bâties en pierre sèche, qui ont été pendant longtemps sériées sur la base de leurs dimensions et caractères externes actuels. L’étude qui fait l’objet de cette contribution a été menée sur les limites en pierre sèche relevées à l’intérieur d’un transect de 87 km2 au sud de la cité d’Oria, entre Tarente et Brindisi, siège d’un évêché et des représentants successifs du pouvoir lombard, byzantin et normand. Ces limites ont été étudiées en carto- et photo-interprétation, puis prospectées systématiquement; deux sondages ont ensuite été menés sur le «paretone» de Sava (Tarente), l’une des plus grandes délimitations en pierre sèche qui charpentent le paysage apulien. Or, l’approche stratigraphique permet de lire une telle construction comme le résultat d’une série d’aménagements successifs. De la fin de l’Antiquité à nos jours, chacun d’entre eux révèle des informations inédites sur l’évolution du paysage, l’interaction homme-milieu et l’organisation des espaces.Dès lors, il paraît possible d’instaurer un dialogue entre ces nouveaux marqueurs archéologiques et l’étude de l’habitat, ce qui ne peut que favoriser à terme – moyennant un dialogue serré avec d’autres séries de données – la compréhension des modalités de l’insertion de ces paysages et de ces sociétés dans des systèmes politiques, spatiaux et culturels plus vastes.
La grande proprietà fondiaria nel territorio dell’antico Esarcato di Ravenna (secoli IX-X)
Authors: Mancassola Nicola
Published: March 2022

Nel presente articolo si è affrontato il tema della grande proprietà fondiaria tra IX e X secolo nei territori dell’antico Esarcato di Ravenna.In prima battuta ci si è soffermati sull’arcivescovo di Ravenna, il principale signore fondiario della zona, in seguito l’attenzione è stata volta ai signori laici, infine si sono trattati i possedimenti di alcuni monasteri. Il quadro che è emerso, ha permesso di delineare i tratti essenziali delle strategie adottate, ponendo in luce le diverse scelte e i diversi ambiti territoriali, dando conto di una realtà complessa e articolata, contraddistinta, tra IX e X secolo, dal superamento del sistema curtense e la nascita di nuove ed originali forme di gestione dei patrimoni fondiari.
IL-2 Signaling Couples the MAPK and mTORC1 Axes to Promote T Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in Teleosts
Authors: Mu Pengfei , Huo Jieying , Li Xiaofeng , Li Wanru , Li Xiaomeng , Ao Jingqun , Chen Xinhua
Published: March 2022

IL-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine that is critical for T cell immunity. Although the IL-2–mediated regulation of T cell immunity in mammals is relatively well understood, it remains largely unknown whether and how IL-2 regulates T cell immunity in lower vertebrates. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the role played by IL-2 in the regulation of T cell response, as well as the associated underlying mechanisms in a teleost fish, large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). We found that large yellow croaker (L. crocea) IL-2 (LcIL-2) significantly promoted T cell proliferation both in vivo and in vitro; significantly induced the differentiation of Th1, Th2, regulatory T, and cytotoxic T cells while inhibiting Th17 differentiation; and participated in the elimination of invading pathogenic bacteria. Mechanistically, the binding of LcIL-2 to its heterotrimer receptor complex (LcIL-15Rα/LcIL-2Rβ/Lcγc) triggered the conserved JAK–STAT5 pathway, which in turn regulated the expression of genes involved in T cell expansion, differentiation, and biological function. The MAPK and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) axes, which are involved in TCR-mediated signaling, were also required for LcIL-2–mediated T cell response. Collectively, our results demonstrated that fish IL-2 plays a comprehensive regulatory role in T cell response and highlighted the complex and delicate network regulating T cell–driven immune response. We propose that T cell immunity is regulated by the interplay between TCR signaling and cytokine signaling, and that this basic strategy evolved before the emergence of the tetrapod lineage. Our findings provide valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying T cell response in teleosts.
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response Is Associated with Age and Body Mass Index in Convalescent Outpatients
Authors: Zhai Bo , Clarke Karen , Bauer David L , Moehling Geffel Krissy K , Kupul Saran , Schratz Lucas J , Nowalk M Patricia , McElroy Anita K , McLachlan James B , Zimmerman Richard K , Alcorn John F
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 has had an unprecedented global impact on human health. Understanding the Ab memory responses to infection is one tool needed to effectively control the pandemic. Among 173 outpatients who had virologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, we evaluated serum Ab concentrations, microneutralization activity, and enumerated SARS-CoV-2–specific B cells in convalescent human blood specimens. Serum Ab concentrations were variable, allowing for stratification of the cohort into high and low responders. Neither participant sex, the timing of blood sampling following the onset of illness, nor the number of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein–specific B cells correlated with serum Ab concentration. Serum Ab concentration was positively associated with microneutralization activity and participant age, with participants under the age of 30 showing the lowest Ab level. These data suggest that young adult outpatients did not generate as robust Ab memory, compared with older adults. Body mass index was also positively correlated with serum Ab levels. Multivariate analyses showed that participant age and body mass index were independently associated with Ab levels. These findings have direct implications for public health policy and current vaccine efforts. Knowledge gained regarding Ab memory following infection will inform the need for vaccination in those previously infected and allow for a better approximation of population-wide protective immunity.
Concept analysis of transition to motherhood: a methodological study
Authors: Hwang Woon Young , Choi Sun Yeob , An Hae Jeong
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Although the term “transition to motherhood” is commonly used in research, the concept is not clear. This study, hence, was conducted to clarify the concept of “transition to motherhood.”Methods: The concept analysis framework developed by Walker and Avant is used to analyze the concept of transition to motherhood.Results: Transition to motherhood is defined as the physical, psychological, social, and relational (mother-baby relationship/interpersonal relationship) changes that happen to a woman after pregnancy and delivery of a baby. The attributes of the transition to motherhood include: 1) adapting to physical changes after pregnancy and childbirth; 2) experiencing various psychological changes; 3) changing of her social perception from being a woman to someone’s mother; and 4) forming and developing a relationship with the newborn, adjusting priorities, and redefining the relationship between family and others. Meeting the newborn is regarded as an antecedent of the transition to motherhood. Redefining identity and physical image, ensuring mother’s well-being, maternal attachment, and confidence in the maternal role are regarded as consequences of the transition to motherhood. The concept was clarified by the presentation of model, borderline, and contrary cases.Conclusion: The significance of this study lies in the clarification of the concept of transition to motherhood and defining its attributes. It is recommended that tools be developed to measure transition to motherhood based on the results of this study. Furthermore, nurses and midwives can use study findings to better understand the concept of transition to motherhood in providing care and support to mothers who experience it.