bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ruin and Knowledge in Pera: Discovering Istanbul’s Genoese Heritage at the Moment of Its Destruction
Authors: Kentel K. Mehmet
Published: October 2024

The 1860s and 1870s saw a massive campaign of reordering of Galata and Pera’s urban space, led by the newly founded district municipality of Altıncı Daire-i Belediye (the Sixth District)—the model municipal organization for the rest of the Ottoman Empire. The most striking and widespread part of this campaign was the destruction of the district’s medieval Genoese walls, dating back to the fourteenth century. The walls and the attached moats were replaced by wider streets and modern apartment buildings, owned mostly by the local elites.

This episode in the history of Istanbul has conventionally been narrated as a careless – albeit necessary—case of urban modernization, often in relation to the similar and roughly contemporary destruction of city walls in European cities. In this article, I rather argue that the destruction of the city walls was actually framed as a project of heritage and knowledge production from the very start. I trace how the history of the Genoese Pera was produced in the popular and scientific circles amidst the destruction of its most important physical manifestation, by concentrating especially on the central role played by the municipal archivist Victor-Marie de Launay. Launay’s later collaborations with Osman Hamdi Bey are relatively well known, but his contributions to the history of the district and an early discourse on urban heritage and archaeology are underappreciated, and, I argue, critical to understanding how the ruins of the district’s past were instrumentalized in making of a space for historical expertise. Launay was a central figure in the emergent antiquarian and archaeological networks in the Ottoman capital in the second half of the nineteenth century, the scholarly output produced in these circles had a lingering effect on the modern history-writing of Pera that has conventionally underlined its “European” heritage at the expense of its Ottoman past.
The Belt and Road Initiative and Sustainability: a Driving Force for Change or a Missed Opportunity?
Authors: Nurgozhayeva Roza
Published: October 2024

The growing number of developing and emerging economies today challenge the conditionality of Western-based international organisations in which they have little power. China, in particular, has been building on its economic leverage to offer an alternative development model to the world – the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). On 27 November 2023, The Economist published an article with an existential headline, ‘Will China save the planet or destroy it?’ drawing our eyes to the role of China and the BRI in global warming. Given the BRI’s scale and potential impact on the global environment, this role is hard to ignore. Beijing has recently transformed the BRI by introducing a series of policy documents that address sustainability and climate as one of the BRI’s major focuses. The fundamental questions are: (1) to what extent does the BRI as an alternative development model help solve global sustainability risks, and particularly climate crisis? and (2) what limitations might erode the BRI’s positive effect on global sustainability and, particularly, climate change? Based on the case study of the BRI projects in Central Asia, this article argues that, despite the initiative’s capacity to drive sustainability globally, it has not brought real change. The reliance on the ‘host country standard’ produces policy inconsistencies, regulatory loopholes, and a lack of accountability from Chinese investors. From the global sustainability perspective, this means that China has not yet transformed the BRI to become a sustainability game-changer to drive the climate agenda globally.
The Function of OPEC in International Climate Change Law: the Route Taken to COP 28 and the Route Ahead
Authors: Turkamani Hojjat S
Published: October 2024

Since the consumption of fossil fuels is the main source of GHGs emissions and consequently climate change, the approach of OPEC to climate change is very important. The recent position of OPEC regarding the proposal to phasing out fossil fuels at COP 28 in 2023 showed how significant its approach can be in the evolution process of this regime. The question is what function OPEC has had and should have in the evolution of the climate change law. The results of this research show that in the first encounter of OPEC with the issue, due to the inherent conflict of the economic interests of member states with the goals of the climate change regime, it adopted an obstructive approach. But gradually, due to the global acceptance of the regime and comprehensive consensus regarding the scientific certainty of the threats of climate change, OPEC, reluctantly and inevitably, adjusted its former opposite position to some extent through its active participation in climate negotiations. However, in light of the increasing trend of GHGs emissions by the member states, which indicates the inability of OPEC to align the practice of its members with the goals of climate change, and the recent strong position of OPEC regarding the elimination of fossil fuels in COP 28, concerns have been raised about the future function of OPEC in the climate change legal regime. To play a constructive role in the future and use the available opportunities to reduce the climate change damage to the interests of the member countries over the long term, it should adopt initiatives such as functional changes and integration of climate issues into its strategies and projects in member states to be a supportive partner in the fight against climate change.
The West Pacific anemone-shrimp Ancylomenes speciosus (Okuno, 2004) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae)—a species complex or single species?
Authors: ĎURIŠ ZDENĚK , FIŠAROVÁ KAROLÍNA , ŠOBÁŇOVÁ ANNA , LIN CHIA-WEI
Published: October 2024

A series of specimens identifiable as the anemone-associated shrimp Ancylomenes speciosus (Okuno, 2004) are reported here from New Caledonia, NE Australia, and SW Taiwan. Detailed morphological remarks and figures of the specimens are provided. All examined adults are morphologically very similar, males and subadults differ from adult females mainly by their unarmed second cheliped fingers and the more elongated sixth pleomere. The New Caledonian and Australian specimens differ by their colour pattern from adult Taiwanese specimens. The genetic divergences among specimens are 5.1–6.4% for COI and 2.5–3.7% for 16S genes. The interregional genetic divergences between those specimens are generally 2.5–3 times lower than the interspecific divergences revealed for three other DNA-analysed species (A. kobayashii, A. luteomaculatus, and A. magnificus). Considering the lower minimal values of genetic divergences, the morphological similarity between regions, the occurrence of both colour morphs in Taiwan, and reported photos of intermediate colour forms, the examined shrimps are provisionally regarded as representatives of a single species A. speciosus. However, based on the maximal divergence values, the examined specimens might also represent a species complex. The true taxonomic status of these specimens will thus need a more detailed morphological and molecular examination of further specimens from more western-Pacific locations.
Sensitivity Analysis and Validation of WRF-ARW Parameterizations for Potential Solar and Wind Energy Sources over Malaysia
Authors: Adomako Abigail Birago , Yusup Yusri , Elsebakhi Emad , Jaafar Mohd Hafiidz , Ishak Muhammad Izzuddin Syakir , Hwee San Lim , Ahmad Mardiana Idayu
Published: October 2024

This study investigates how accurately the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation anticipates the viability of renewable energy options in Malaysia, with specific attention paid to wind and solar power potential. Due to Malaysia’s transition toward sustainable energy, precise forecasting is essential for grid stability and efficient integration. The research used simulations across East and West Malaysia for October 2022 with varying parameterization schemes to determine the most suitable configurations for accurate energy predictions. Eleven unique scheme permutations were analyzed against Mesonet, ERA5-Land, and Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies (CEMACS) datasets. The results revealed that certain permutations, specifically run 9 and run 10, significantly reduced the root-mean-square error (RMSE) for predicting radiation and wind speed outputs, indicating higher accuracy in simulations. The two best runs were then validated for November 2022 and used to estimate wind (run 10: WRF single-moment 6-class microphysics, RRTMG longwave radiation, Dudhia shortwave radiation, unified Noah land surface model, MYJ PBL, Eta surface layer, and new Tiedtke cumulus schemes) and solar photovoltaic (run 9: Morrison 2-moment microphysics, CAM longwave radiation, RRTMG shortwave radiation, unified Noah land surface model, MYJ PBL, and Eta surface layer schemes) potential maps over CEMACS and Kuching locations. Solar photovoltaic energy was estimated at a total of 3165 and 3379 kWh for CEMACS and Kuching, respectively, and a good potential overall, ranging from about 5500 to 7881 kWh, while wind energy had a much more variability appearance of 115 936 and 6250 kWh for CEMACS and Kuching, respectively. This study highlights the potential for targeted weather forecasting models to enhance the reliability and integration of renewable energy sources into national grids.

Significance Statement

This study explores the effective use of weather forecasting models to enhance renewable energy generation in Malaysia, a region increasingly focusing on sustainable energy solutions. By analyzing and validating various weather model configurations, this research provides vital information for selecting optimal settings for accurate predictions of solar and wind energy potential. This crucial advancement, which effectively integrates renewable energy into power grids to reliably provide a steady and efficient flow of energy, is essential for moving progressively closer to a more sustainable and eco-friendly energy. The results of this study both enhance scientific comprehension of atmospheric simulations utilized in energy sectors and carry meaningful consequences for policy formation and renewable infrastructure evolution within tropical regions.
Exploring social workers’ self-care in Spain: Strategies, barriers, and proposals
Authors: Rodríguez-Ramos Paulo Adrián , Aguilera-Ávila Laura , Gonzalez-Mendez Rosaura
Published: October 2024

Social workers often deal with stressful and emotionally demanding working conditions. Self-care is key to preventing the negative consequences of these difficulties. This study used thematic analysis to explore the meaning of self-care among 18 professionals, who identified different self-care strategies and barriers, some of which lie within the organizations. Although self-care is primarily considered an individual responsibility, participants propose ways for organizations to promote a change in perspective on self-care. Participants indicated barriers, such as misconceptions about self-care, and lack of training and involvement of organizations. They suggest designing comprehensive plans involving organizations in promoting self-care and preventing barriers.
Private Government at Home: Landlord Power and Rental Residential Domination in the United States
Authors: Karp Shai
Published: October 2024

What if we think of landlords as petty tyrants? I argue that this specifically political question has been missing in analyses and diagnoses of the crisis in housing. Approaching the political conditions within landlord-tenant relations, I argue that rental housing is a sphere where people are subject to substantial unaccountable power in ways that drastically limit their autonomy, that is, domination. First, I develop a theoretical analysis through Elizabeth Anderson's concept of private government, extended by radical republican and feminist interventions. Then, drawing on interdisciplinary housing literatures, I build the case for understanding landlords’ dominative power at both structural and interpersonal levels. I look to institutional dynamics and landlord practices to unpack the details of private government in rental housing. I conclude with a critical discussion of current approaches to housing policy in terms of domination and a suggestion for an alternate strategy around the concept of countervailing power.
Preparation of titanium powder from chips by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis hydrogenation and thermal dehydrogenation
Authors: Cherezov Nikita Petrovich , Alymov Mikhail Ivanovich
Published: October 2024

Efficient processing of titanium production waste, in particular chips, is one of the key tasks of the titanium industry. The results of new recycling method for the production of titanium powder from chips via self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) hydrogenation–thermal dehydrogenation process were presented. Hydrogenation was carried out in a sealed reactor in the combustion wave mode at an initial hydrogen pressure of 2.5 MPa and a pressure at combustion of at least 1 MPa. The resulting titanium hydride from the chips was crushed mechanically. To remove hydrogen, the resulting titanium hydride powder from the chips was subjected to thermal dehydrogenation in a vacuum furnace. Combining the energy efficiency of the SHS method and the use of cheap chips as a raw material, it was possible to obtain a titanium powder of a fragmentary form, with an average particle size of 20–80 µm, with an acceptable level of impurities and at a low price.
Stealing their culture and religion? Uses (and abuses?) of cultural and religious artistic contextualization
Authors: Duerksen Darren
Published: October 2024

To what degree do Christian mission workers, teachers, artists, and others evaluate the negative impact their contextualization has on others? Over the past four decades there has been no shortage of discussion and debate among Christians about contextualization. Much, if not most of this debate regards if and how contextualization efforts can remain faithful to the gospel and how to defend it against real or perceived critics. The most feared critics in these debates, however, are normally the Christian leaders looking over mission workers’ shoulders at their contextualized work. And whereas faithfulness to the gospel is certainly an important issue to consider, what is often not considered, at least to the same degree, is what scholars often call the inappropriate ‘appropriation’ of other’s practices. Thus in this article I seek to address some of the negative ways non-Christians may experience Christian contextualization, particularly when this involves a community’s cultural and religious resources. I will provide a brief overview of some of the issues involved and how contextualization may inadvertently become appropriation. I conclude with some questions that can begin to help mission workers who contextualize the cultural and religious practices of other communities do so in ways that seek to minimize harm to others and to the mission worker’s Gospel witness among them.
Do Remittances Finance Clean Energy in Bangladesh? Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Hassan Gazi M. , Mahmud Sakib
Published: October 2024

Using a natural experiment of rainfall-driven remittances, we provide experimental measures of remittances’ effect on rural households’ choice of cylinder gas (LPG) as a cooking fuel in Bangladesh. We use the instrumental variable probit (IV-Probit) approach. The treatment of remittances is randomly assigned to households that suffered losses due to a natural shock from the cyclone-Roanu enabling the instrument to identify the average treatment effect for the treatment group (cyclone-affected remittances recipient households). We find that an exogenous increase in remittances by 1,000 Taka causes the probability of using LPG to rise by 1 percent. The impact of remittances is conditional on the household’s health expenditures. Remittances’ impact on the households’ likelihood of using LPG gets stronger with access to clean water and sanitary toilets. The results are robust to potential violations of the exclusion restriction, alternative specifications and instruments, and possibly omitted variable bias. We recommend policies that should utilize overseas migrant remittances as a strategic tool in formulating a financial, legal, and regulatory framework to achieve SDG 7 by 2030.

JEL Classifications: F24, Q40, R20.
Outcomes of fenestration versus none in extracardiac total cavopulmonary connection
Authors: Taksaudom Noppon , Horsatidkul Jakaparn , Tepsuwan Thitipong , Tantraworasin Apichat , Sittiwangkul Rekwan , Phothikun Amarit
Published: October 2024

Background

Fenestrated total cavopulmonary connection has gained popularity due to its capacity to reduce systemic venous pressure and enhance cardiac output. However, there is ongoing debate about the immediate and long-term advantages of fenestration in this context.

Method

A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 97 patients who underwent extracardiac total cavopulmonary connection at Chiang Mai University Hospital between January 1999 and December 2019. The patients were initially categorized into two groups: fenestrated ( n = 71) and nonfenestrated ( n = 26). After exclusion and reassignment, the long-term outcomes were analyzed for the fenestrated ( n = 68) and nonfenestrated ( n = 25) groups. To address potential confounding factors between the two groups, propensity scores were computed using logistic regression analysis.

Results

The study found no significant differences in preoperative and operative data. Immediate postoperative outcomes showed no significant variations in major complications, intensive care unit stay, oxygen saturation, and posttotal cavopulmonary connection pressure. In the long-term assessment, the fenestrated group demonstrated significantly lower rates of mortality, protein-losing enteropathy, liver mass, and cirrhosis. However, after employing a multilevel model stratified by propensity score analysis, only long-term mortality rate was significantly lower in the fenestrated group (hazard ratio = 0.12, 95% confidence interval = 0.02–0.97). Fenestration patency closed gradually through spontaneous closure and device intervention.

Conclusion

The study found no major differences in immediate postoperative outcomes. In the fenestrated cohort, significantly lower incidences of protein-losing enteropathy, liver mass, cirrhosis, and long-term mortality were observed. However, multilevel model stratified by propensity score analysis indicated that only the lower long-term mortality demonstrated a major effect.
Practical considerations for developing and implementing a video mode for survey data collection
Authors: Centeno Lena , Arrue Jesus , Good Cindy , Edwards Brad , Steiger Darby
Published: October 2024

Video interviewing was uncommon in large-scale survey research until the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020. During the pandemic, many organizations conducting inperson research needed to pivot quickly to other modes of data collection, and some began exploring the viability of video interviewing. In the absence of a foundational body of literature on how to implement video interviewing, researchers relied on small-scale exploratory research to develop the data collection methodology. This paper presents a case study of one organization's experience developing the methodology to deploy it on a large scale. We review practical considerations for incorporating video interviewing into an existing study, based on our experience adding a video mode to two mixed-mode surveys: the American National Election Survey Time Series (ANES) and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey–Household Component (MEPS-HC).
Extubation Advisor: Implementation and Evaluation of A Novel Extubation Clinical Decision Support Tool
Authors: Hryciw Brett N. , Hudek Natasha , Brehaut Jamie C. , Herry Christophe , Scales Nathan , Lee Emma , Sarti Aimee J. , Burns Karen E.A. , Seely Andrew J.E.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Extubation Advisor (EA) is a novel software tool that generates a synoptic report for each Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT) conducted to inform extubation decision-making.

Objectives

To assess bedside EA implementation, perceptions of utility, and identify barriers and facilitators of use.

Design, Setting and Participants

We conducted a phase I mixed-methods interventional study in three mixed intensive care unit (ICUs) in two academic hospitals. We interviewed critical care physicians (MDs) and respiratory therapists (RTs) regarding user-centered design principles and usability.

Analysis

We evaluated our ability to consent participants (feasibility threshold 50%), capture complete data (threshold 90%), generate and review EA reports in real-time (thresholds 75% and 80%, respectively), and MD perception of tool usefulness (6-point Likert scale). We analyzed interview transcripts using inductive coding to identify facilitators and barriers to EA implementation and perceived benefit of tool use.

Results

We enrolled 31 patients who underwent 70 SBTs. Although consent rates [31/31 (100%], complete data capture [68/68 (100%)], and EA report generation [68/70 (97.1%)] exceeded feasibility thresholds, reports were reviewed by MDs for [55/70 (78.6%)] SBTs. Mean MD usefulness score was 4.0/6. Based on feedback obtained from 36 interviews (15 MDs, 21 RTs), we revised the EA report twice and identified facilitators (ability to track patient progress, enhance extubation decision-making, and provide support in resource-limited settings) and barriers (resource constraints, need for education) to tool implementation. Half of respondents (9 MDs, 9 RTs; combined 50%) perceived definite or potential benefit to EA tool use.

Conclusion

This is the first study of a waveform-based variability-derived, predictive clinical decision support tool evaluated in adult ICUs. Our findings support the feasibility of integrating the EA tool into bedside workflow. Clinical trials are needed to assess the utility of the EA tool in practice and its impact on extubation decision-making and outcomes.

Trial Registration

NCT04708509
Elucidating Heterogeneity of Intimate Partner Violence Among Women: Latent Class Analysis of Daily IPV, PTSD, and Substance Use Collected via Experience Sampling Methodologies
Authors: Chiaramonte Danielle , Schick Melissa R. , Woerner Jacqueline , Hernandez Ana J. , Sullivan Tami P.
Published: October 2024

The co-occurrence of physical, psychological, and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with heightened risk for deleterious mental and physical health outcomes, including PTSD symptoms and substance use. However, few studies have investigated the heterogeneity of experiences with respect to this co-occurrence among women who experience IPV as it unfolds naturally in women’s daily lives. In this study, we developed a novel approach to classify and visualize daily patterns of IPV experiences, PTSD-related distress, and substance use among women who experience IPV. Women (N = 244, Mage = 37.1 years) who reported experiencing IPV and using substances were recruited from the community. Micro-longitudinal data were collected four times per day for 14 days using automated telephone-based data collection. Analyses included latent class analysis (LCA) and multilevel analysis (interval-, day-, and person-level), complimented by novel data visualization tool (EventFlow). We identified three classes that significantly differed in the prevalence of and patterns among IPV types, PTSD, and substance use. Based on examination of LCA results and visualization of the latent classes in EventFlow. Different patterns of associations among IPV types, PTSD symptoms, and substance use were identified within classes at the interval-, day-, and person-level. Results from this study provide greater insight into the heterogeneity of women’s lived experiences than do studies solely relying on cross-sectional survey data. Findings with this type of data collection can inform the development of interventions to increase the precision in clinical practice, identify new avenues for future research, and have important policy implications.
Social Innovation or Social Continuity? Discussing the Socioeconomic Determinants of Funding for Social Projects in Portugal
Authors: Mourao Paulo Reis
Published: October 2024

This article discusses the distribution of projects financed by the Portugal Inovação Social programme. Two-part models (ordinary least squares and probit) and count models (negative binomial models) have been used for analysing several determinants suggested by various theories of funding allocation. The results showed that municipalities with stronger dynamics for the creation of small and medium-sized companies are Portuguese spaces with a larger number of funded projects and with greater funding from this initiative. Age (young people) and level of education (college graduates) have been found to be factors that determine the number of funded projects. There are also positive incentives for project financing arising from a greater proportion of college graduates in the municipality and from a business dynamic led by a greater number of small- and medium-sized companies. The population density and the percentage of women allowed a more complex discussion about the estimated effects in the studied dimensions. This study proves the existence of local and endogenous characteristics that explain the heterogenous pattern of social innovation across Portuguese municipalities, which demands a proper design of policies toward a more balanced distribution.
Collective Psychological Ownership Leverages Feedback-Seeking for New Venture Performance
Authors: Kager Nora Varesco , Sparr Jennifer L. , Grote Gudela
Published: October 2024

Despite the undisputed importance of feedback-seeking for new venture advancement, little is known about the circumstances that make it effective. In this study, it is proposed that the collective psychological ownership of new venture teams over the new venture (i.e. this is ‘OUR’ venture) can help leverage the value and bear the costs of self-improvement feedback-seeking behaviour (SI-FSB), amplifying the expected positive relationship between new venture teams’ SI-FSB and new venture performance. Insights from a survey-based study involving 166 new ventures support the hypotheses. Contributing to the nascent feedback-seeking research in the new venture context, this study shows that SI-FSB matters and suggests that new venture teams should keep their collective psychological ownership over their new venture strong.
Family Commitment and Product Innovation in Family SMEs. Do Management Control Systems Have an Influence?
Authors: Basly Sami , Cano-Rubio Myriam
Published: October 2024

This article empirically examines the role of family members’ commitment to a family business on product innovation. In light of the theories advocating the use of organisational and management control tools to foster innovation—through hierarchical control and interactive dialogue—a conceptual and empirical framework applied to the case of product innovation in the family firm is suggested. The theoretical framework was tested through partial least squares structural equation modelling on sample data obtained from 47 French family small- and medium-sized enterprises. Empirical evidence shows that the higher the family commitment is, the less the family firm will engage in product innovation. In line with expectations, the models show that a diagnostic and interactive use of control systems positively influences family firms’ product innovation. However, while the moderating effect of ‘diagnostic control systems’ was substantiated, that of ‘interactive control systems’ was not established.
Labour Market and Livelihood Practices in  the Closed Tea Gardens  of Darjeeling Hills,  West Bengal
Authors: Golay Dixchen , Hannan Abdul
Published: October 2024

The research article attempts to capture the livelihood practices of labourers in Dooteriah, Kalej Valley and Peshok Tea Garden of Darjeeling Hills which were closed since 2015. The labourers of these tea gardens lost their regular employment and are engaged in activities like quarrying and extraction, subsistence cultivation, animal rearing, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), shops, agricultural labour or daily wager, etc. as per the prevailing conditions of local labour market. The labourers also outmigrate to distant cities and seek job in urban informal services. It is found that they are absorbed in MGNREGA for a period ranging from 40 days/per year in Dooteriah, 44 days/per year in Kalej Valley and 60 days/per year in Peshok and their average annual income is ₹8,080, ₹8,888 and ₹12,120, respectively. The variation of overall annual income of labourers after closure is very high as the coefficient of variation in Dooteriah is 87.60%, Kalej Valley is 70.83% and Peshok is 71.27%. This indicates the fluctuating pattern of job availability in local labour market and the absence of social protection has led to poverty trap to the labourers.
Response to the Respondents: The NIMH Task Force Report on Social Work Research
Authors: Feldman Ronald A.
Published: October 2024

Seven distinguished respondents have critiqued the invited article titled “The NIMH Task Force on Social Work Research Report: Past Accomplishments and Current Challenges.” The article reviewed significant gains in social work research since publication of the Report in 1991 and, also, identified nine significant challenges that still must be addressed if social work research is to optimally meet the needs of practitioners. While the respondents concur with the main theses put forth in the invited article, they also point to additional challenges that need to be addressed if social work research is to significantly strengthen practitioners’ capacities. In addition, they propose productive ways to address certain of the challenges posed in the invited article. This response to the respondents discusses in detail how they have augmented, complemented, and strengthened the invited article and, in some instances, failed to do so.
Influence of the Type of Antiretroviral Treatment on the Time to Reach High Pharmacotherapy Complexity in People Living With HIV
Authors: Contreras Macías Enrique , Robustillo Cortés María de las Aguas , Blanco Ramos José Ramón , Morillo Verdugo Ramón
Published: October 2024

Background:

The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ARV) has significantly improved the survival of people living with HIV (PLWH), increasing the proportion of individuals over 50 years old. This aging trend poses challenges, such as the development of age-related comorbidities and a higher prevalence of polypharmacy. The pharmacotherapeutic complexity, assessed using the Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI), is crucial for identifying and optimizing treatment, especially in elderly and polymedicated patients.

Objective:

The main objective was to assess the association between different ARV regimens and the time required to reach a high level of pharmacotherapeutic complexity in PLWH.

Methods:

A single-center observational analytical research study was conducted, including adult PLWH on active ARV from January 2010 to December 2021 with follow-up until December 2023. An analysis of the time to reach MRCI ≥11.25 was performed, followed by a Cox regression model to determine the influence of ARV on high MRCI.

Results:

A total of 789 PLWH were included, median age of 52 years (interquartile range: 45-58). Overall, 195 patients had an MRCI value ≥11.25 with a mean time to reach it of 181.86 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 176.24 to 187.49). Significant differences were observed in sex, advanced age, AIDS stage, presence of comorbidities, polypharmacy, and ARV-related variables. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed an association between integrase inhibitor (INSTI)-containing regimens (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.08 to 3.10) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.52 to 0.98) with the time to reach high MRCI.

Conclusions and Relevance:

In summary, NNRTI-based regimens were associated with a lower likelihood of developing high MRCI compared to INSTI-based regimens, which was associated with a higher likelihood. These conclusions are based on a profile of PLWH that included advanced age and a high prevalence of comorbidities and polypharmacy. Identifying high MRCI may help us implement pharmacotherapeutic optimization strategies to improve health outcomes.
The NAVIGATE project: A GloVANet–WoCoVA position statement on the nomenclature for vascular access devices
Authors: van Rens Matheus (Roland) , van der Lee Robin , Spencer Timothy R , van Boxtel Ton , Barone Giovanni , Crocoli Alessandro , Pinelli Fulvio , Pittiruti Mauro ,   on behalf of the WoCoVA Foundation (World Conference on Vascular Access) and of the Global Vascular Access Network (GloVANet)
Published: October 2024

The field of vascular access has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, improving healthcare delivery across various patient populations through the use of diverse intravascular access devices. Despite these innovations, a critical issue remains: the lack of a globally standardized set of descriptors for these devices. This gap impedes clear communication and coordination within the healthcare community. Recognizing the necessity for standardized terminology, the Global Vascular Access Network (GloVANet), in collaboration with the World Congress of Vascular Access (WoCoVA), initiated the NAVIGATE project (NomenclAture Via Integrated Global Advancements in Terminology Efficiencies). The aim of the project is to propose a clear and practical nomenclature for current vascular access devices, encompassing both central, peripheral venous, and arterial access devices. A panel of international vascular access experts from several clinical domains was selected by the Scientific Committee of WoCoVA to develop a position statement around vascular access device nomenclature. Following a comprehensive literature review, a consensus was reached using a modified Delphi process. The outcome of this collaborative effort is a WoCoVA/GloVANet position statement, which provides standardized nomenclature for vascular access devices. The adoption of unified terminology brings several benefits, firstly, it ensures clarity, reproducibility, and comparability when reporting in clinical studies, and secondly, reduces ambiguous or imprecise terms in communication between healthcare professionals in clinical practice.
Evaluations of nanomechanical and indentation creep of diffusion-bonded aluminum and austenitic stainless steel joint interface
Authors: Khan Salman , Khadija  , Junaid Massab , Shehbaz Tauheed , Khan Fahd Nawaz
Published: October 2024

Diffusion bonding of aluminum alloy (AA-7075) with austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304L) was performed in the environment of Argon inert gas. The resultant bonding interface was investigated for its mechanical, nanomechanical, microstructural, and compositional characteristics using lap shear tests, nanoindentation and indentation creep, as well as optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results revealed that intermetallic compounds (IMCs) of FeAl3, FeAl2, FeNi3, and Fe3Ni2 were formed at the bonding interface. Similarly, a nano hardness of 3.5 GPa occurred at the bonding interface which was 15% and 454% higher as compared to base metal (BM) of AISI 304 and AA-7075 respectively. Additionally, indentation creep showed that the bonding interface has higher creep resistance compared to other bonding zones (BZ). Lastly, an average shear strength of 67 MPa was achieved with a joint efficiency of 58%.
Windows & mirrors but mostly windows: Early childhood administrators view on diverse books
Authors: Averett Paige , Alexander Madison , Ticknor Anne , Hegde Archana V , Holmes Lanie Philips
Published: October 2024

This qualitative study examined the responses of North Carolina child care center administrators on the role of books and specifically diverse books in children’s lives. Additionally, the administrators provided descriptions of what constitutes a diverse book. Sixty-five administrators from high quality child care centers responded to three open ended questions in an online survey. Resulting themes were that books and diverse books provide literacy and learning as well as windows and mirrors. However, there was a stronger focus on the functions that windows provide. Diverse book descriptions focused mainly on race, culture, family structure, and ability but overall the descriptions were very limited in their focus. The findings speak to a need for further training of administrators on diversity and inclusion and the role of diversity in books to enhance children’s development.
A BIM-integrated Thailand building energy code framework for building envelope thermal requirements in a conceptual design stage
Authors: Changnawa Thanasarn , Baltazar Juan Carlos
Published: October 2024

This work presents the development of a building energy code (BEC) of Thailand compliance framework during conceptual design stages (CDS) using building information modeling (BIM) through visual programming language (VPL). The proposed method included five steps: (i) establish a commercial building reference; (ii) develop a BIM base model; (iii) create a BIM overall thermal transfer value (OTTV) and roof thermal transfer value (RTTV) calculation model with VPL scripts; (iv) test the BIM framework with various scenarios; and (v) verify the results with Thailand BEC software. The findings revealed an insignificant difference between the results from the BIM calculation model and those estimated by the Thailand BEC software. This study demonstrated that using BIM with VPL for OTTV and RTTV calculations during the CDS may be implemented automatically, which could help designers make timely decisions to comply with Thailand’s BEC, considering building design, materials, and fenestration ratios.
Campaign Endorsements and Election Outcomes in Judicial Elections
Authors: Shieh Marcy , Munir Hayley , Catalano Michael , Henceroth Nathan
Published: October 2024

Increasing voter knowledge in low-information elections is paramount to democratic accountability. Endorsements serve as a source of information about candidates for voters. Though candidates in state supreme court races are constrained by many traditional methods of electioneering, endorsements of judicial candidates remain relatively unconstrained. Using an original dataset of campaign advertisements from 2000-2018, we coded for a variety of public endorsements that were included in television ads of candidates for state courts of last resort (SCOLR). We find support that group endorsements have an electoral impact in these races, while other types of endorsements do not appear to have any discernable effect. We further find that group endorsements help challengers but hurt incumbents. Our findings suggest that endorsements from various advocacy groups can impact outcomes for low-information election types where voters typically have little to no prior understanding of a judicial candidate’s legal or policy positions, but their effectiveness is dependent on incumbency status of the candidates.
Guidelines for Orbital Defect Assessment and Patient-Specific Implant Design: Introducing OA2 (Orbital Assessment Algorithm)
Authors: Gellrich Nils-Claudius , Grant Michael , Matic Damir , Korn Philippe
Published: October 2024

Study Design

This study presents a review of the evolutionary development in reconstructive orbital surgery over the past 3 decades. Additionally, it proposes the Orbital Assessment Algorithm (OA2) to enhance decision-making for intraorbital reconstruction of post-traumatic orbital deformities.

Objective

The objective of this paper is to provide insights into modern post-traumatic orbital reconstruction from a surgeon’s perspective, with a specific focus on adult patients. It aims to highlight the advancements in computer-aided design and manufacturing techniques, particularly in the field of reconstructive orbital surgery, and to introduce the OA2 as a tool for improved decision-making in this context.

Methods

The study conducts a comprehensive review of the evolution of reconstructive orbital surgery, focusing on the integration of 3D technology into surgical practices. It also outlines the development and rationale behind the proposed OA2, emphasizing its potential to enhance the accuracy and efficacy of intraorbital reconstruction procedures for post-traumatic deformities.

Results

The review demonstrates the significant progress made in reconstructive orbital surgery, particularly in leveraging 3D technology for virtual modeling, navigation, and the design and manufacturing of patient-specific implants. The introduction of the OA2 provides a structured approach to assessing and addressing post-traumatic orbital deformities, offering potential benefits in decision-making and surgical outcomes.

Conclusions

In conclusion, this paper underscores the pivotal role of computer-aided design and manufacturing in advancing reconstructive orbital surgery. It highlights the importance of integrating innovative design concepts into implant manufacturing processes and emphasizes the potential of the OA2 to guide surgeons in the management of post-traumatic orbital deformities, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes.
Government Governance Capacity, Public Environmental Awareness, and Satisfaction with Environmental Governance
Authors: Xiong Xing , Yu Xinghou , Wang Yuxin , Jiang Xiaosong , He Wenhong
Published: October 2024

As a direct object of ecological environment perception, public satisfaction with ecological environment is an important indicator to judge the status of regional ecological environment. Based on this, this study collected data on public perceptions of environmental issues in seven Chinese cities. On the one hand, we analyzed public satisfaction with ecological environment in China, and on the other hand, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the influence paths of public perception of ecological environment and government ecological environment management on public satisfaction with ecological environment. The results of the study indicate that the Chinese public’s satisfaction with the ecological environment is currently low, and they still lack confidence in the future improvement of the ecological environment in China. The Chinese public believes that the biggest environmental problem in China is air pollution, and the degree of improvement of relevant government environmental policies still needs to be improved. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) show that public perceptions of ecological environment and governmental ecological environmental governance have a significant direct positive effect on ecological environment satisfaction; governmental ecological environmental governance and ecological environmental perceptions also have a mutual positive effect. Environmental governance is a long-term and complex dynamic process. In the future, research can be enriched by expanding the sample data and refining the study of factors influencing ecological environmental satisfaction.
Factors Affecting School Commute-Related Perceived Stress in Adolescents in Colombia
Authors: Sepúlveda-Murillo Fabio Humberto , Lizárraga Carmen , Chica-Olmo Jorge
Published: October 2024

Studies show that adolescents have a heightened sensitivity to the urban context, such as violence. This study explores factors influencing and determine the areas of influence of students’ perceived stress when commuting from home to school in the city of Medellin, Colombia. To achieve these aims, a cross-sectional survey research design was employed with students in one school. A total of 301 students (aged 14–18) were chosen using convenience sampling. The data were analyzed using Machine Learning methodology (ML). Furthermore, a Geographic Information System (GIS) was employed to create an isoprobability map of areas of perceived stress. Among the students interviewed, 22.7% experienced stress while traveling to school. Socioeconomic, accessibility, transport and safety, urban violence and quality of life categories were found to be associated with school commute-related perceived stress. Within these categories, the traditional variables of distance (odds ratio [OR] = 5.21) and mode of travel (OR = 11.05) are significant. In addition, socioeconomic status (OR = 4.49), urban violence (OR = 1.04), high traffic accidents on the route to school (OR = 21.83) and poor perceived health (OR = 9.10) are significant and have a strong effect on stress. Stress perceived by adolescents during school commutes is largely explained by variables related to social and environmental factors that do not depend on the individual, such as urban violence, traffic accidents or the state of sidewalks. Therefore, public authorities should take appropriate measures to reduce students’ stress during school commutes, which would have a positive effect on these adolescents.
Noise Exposure and Hearing Loss Among Landscape and Groundskeepers
Authors: Lyon Joshua
Published: October 2024

Excessive noise exposure within the working population is a health concern that has received increased attention in recent years. Levels have been established by national organizations that reflect safe exposure, but many kinds of equipment used in the landscaping and groundskeeper industries still exceed them. While noise risks are often long-term in nature and occur with cumulative exposure, prevention and exposure methods can still be used by employers to protect their workers’ long-term health. Recalling the hierarchy of controls established by the National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH), various strategies can be implemented without creating excessive supervisory burden and with minimal costs. Occupational health nurses can further help reduce excessive noise exposure by encouraging the use of an easy-to-use noise-level assessment app created by NIOSH.