bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of General Characteristics of Entrepreneurship University Students on Self-Efficacy and Major Satisfaction
Authors:   The Korean Career·Entrepreneurship & Business Association, Kim Sang Hwa
Published: April 2023

Recently, the government is advocating the activation of entrepreneurship to solve the job problem. Recently, the role of education for university students' entrepreneurship is increasing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of entrepreneurship students' self-efficacy on major satisfaction. A survey was conducted on 303 students of four-year entrepreneurship departments located in Daegu, Gyeongbuk, Gunsan, and Gwangju, and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS22. As a result of the study, self-efficacy showed significant results in cognitive efficacy, social efficacy, and emotional efficacy. We looked at the reasons why students chose their major, and as a result, there was a large difference between cognitive efficacy and social efficacy. Differences in important subjects in education were also examined, and as a result, emotional efficacy, social efficacy, and cognitive efficacy showed significant results. In the survey of differences by grade, there was a significant difference between major satisfaction and class satisfaction. These results confirmed that the higher the self-efficacy, the overall effect on major satisfaction. This study is meaningful in that it comprehensively analyzes the general characteristics of entrepreneurship majors and their effects on self-efficacy and major satisfaction, derives implications, and presents educational directions.
The Impact of Sustainability Management of Social Economy Enterprises on Corporate Performance: Focusing on the mediating effect of organizational agility
Authors:   The Korean Career·Entrepreneurship & Business Association, Son Jung Hwan , Jeon Byung Hoon
Published: April 2023

In this study, the effect of sustainable management on corporate performance was analyzed to derive support policies and practical implications for social economy companies in order to increase the sustainability of social enterprises such as (preliminary) social enterprises, (social) cooperatives, village enterprises, self-support enterprises, and social ventures. Unlike existing for-profit companies, as an alternative economy that solves social problems has emerged, research on social and economic companies that pursue social and economic performance is actively being conducted. In addition, as long-term strategies for self-sufficiency and organizational power are needed beyond quantitative growth, sustainable management, which increases market competitiveness while solving social problems, is an important factor in overcoming the limitations of social economy companies. For this study, data were collected from workers in social economy companies and a total of 179 samples were used. As a result of the verification, social responsibility, and environmental responsibility of sustainable management have a significant impact on corporate performance, customer agility has a positive (+) effect on social responsibility and environmental responsibility, and operational agility has a positive (+) effect on economic responsibility and social responsibility. Finally, customer agility and operational agility between sustainable management and corporate performance showed a partial mediating effect. For social and economic enterprises pursuing economic and social values, customer agility and operational agility should be an important factor in improving organizational effectiveness and productivity, creating new businesses, and strengthening individual capabilities through internal members' mission sharing and accurate division of work. Despite these implications, follow-up studies are needed by dividing them into (preliminary) social enterprises, (social) cooperatives, village enterprises, self-support enterprises, and social ventures, as there are characteristics of each type of social economy enterprise.
A Comparative Study of Pangyo Techno Valley and Silicon Valley for Scale-up of Venture Businesses
Authors:   The Korean Career·Entrepreneurship & Business Association, Ha Kyusoo , Park Baejin
Published: April 2023

Silicon Valley has become a role model for many countries as a successful entrepreneurial area. Pangyo Techno Valley has sought for the opportunities of growth through the cluster of innovations. Pangyo Techno Valley and Silicon Valley are comparative in the aspects of business infrastructures, business environments and entrepreneurial customs. The objectives of this study were to identify the differences in five dimensions affecting the entrepreneurial environment of companies in each place: infrastructure, human resources, venture capital, networking and entrepreneurship. In infrastructure factors Pangyo Techno Valley showed higher satisfaction than Silicon Valley. The factors of human resource, venture capital, networking, and entrepreneurship were found to be higher in Silicon Valley than Pangyo Techno Valley. The results of this study are expected to provide insights in terms of policies for the growth of Pangyo Techno Valley.
Structural Relationship between variables related to learning performance of adult learners in public lifelong education institutions
Authors:   The Korean Career·Entrepreneurship & Business Association, Lee Jonghun
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study is to confirm the learning participation motivation(purpose-oriented, learning-oriented, activity-oriented), self-efficacy directly affects learning performance, and self-efficacy mediating effects of adult learners in lifelong education. To achieve this goal, the structural equation model was analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 statistical program and the AMOS 23.0 statistical program for a sample of 585 people who participated in public lifelong education institutions in U and Y cities in Gyeonggi-do. The results of the empirical analysis of this study are as follow. First, among the sub-factors of learning participation motivation, learning orientation and activity orientation each had a positive(+) effect on learning performance, and second, a positive(+) effect on self-efficacy. Third, self-efficacy confirmed the positive(+) effect on learning performance, and fourth, the partial mediating effect of learning orientation, activity orientation, and self-efficacy between learning performance was confirmed. Based on the results of this study, implications for vitalizing lifelong education were presented at the policy and practical level.
A clinico-epidemiological Study of acute Self-poisoning by different Types of herbicidal Substances used in agricultural Fields: A Study from Patients admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital in West Bengal
Authors: Subhra Sarkar Tuhin , Santra Gouranga
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Herbicides are the chemical compounds used to control the growth of unwanted plants or to eliminate them. The common poisonous herbicides available in India are paraquat, glyphosate, pretilachlor, etc. Ingestion of herbicides with suicidal intention is common in rural India and West Bengal but very scanty literature is available. Methodology: We conducted a unicentric, hospital-based, noninterventional, cross-sectional study comprising 50 consecutive patients to estimate the morbidity, case fatality, and clinical features of acute suicidal poisoning of different herbicides used in agricultural fields. Data were collected from history, clinical features, and laboratory findings. Proper statistical method was used for data analysis. Results: Most of the study population were from 26 to 40 years age group (48%), followed by 13–25 years age group (34%). Paraquat was ingested by 64%, followed by pretilachlor (20%) and glyphosate (16%). Common symptoms were vomiting (60%), abdominal pain (40%), throat discomfort (26%), oral ulcer (24%), decreased urination (50%), and respiratory distress (30%). In laboratory investigation, 64% patients had deranged liver enzymes, 58% patients had acute kidney injury, and 30% patients had alveolar damage. A total of 62% patients were discharged after recovery and 38% patients died. Case fatality rate of paraquat was 56.2%, glyphosate was 12.5%, and pretilachlor was nil (0%). Conclusion: Herbicides like paraquat and glyphosate are associated with high morbidity and case fatality. Paraquat has the highest case fatality rate. Pre-emergent herbicide pretilachlor is relatively safe.
Histological Spectrum of Clinical Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with special Reference to nonalbuminuric Diabetic Nephropathy: A Kidney Biopsy-based Study
Authors: Prakash Jai , Shankar Patel Prem , Iqbal Mohd , Shankar Sharma Shiv , Sharma Shankar , K Agrawal Neeraj , Singh Usha
Published: April 2023

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important and catastrophic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Kidney disease has heterogeneity in histology in diabetes patients and includes both diabetic kidney disease (DKD) (albuminuric or nonalbuminuric) and nondiabetic kidney disease (NDKD) either in isolation or in coexistence with DN. Diabetic nephropathy is hard to overturn. While NDKD is treatable and reversible. Materials and methods: We enrolled a total of 50 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with clinical kidney disease, of both genders and age >18 years, who underwent kidney biopsy from October 2016 to October 2018. Patients with proteinuria <30 mg per day were excluded from the study. The indications of the renal biopsy were nephrotic syndrome (NS), active urinary sediment, rapid decline in renal function, asymptomatic proteinuria, and hematuria. Result: A total of 50 (males: 42 and females: eight) patients with T2DM who underwent kidney biopsy were enrolled. The clinical presentation was: NS 26 (52%), chronic kidney disease (CKD) 11 (22%), asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria six (12%), acute kidney injury (AKI) four (8%), and acute nephritic syndrome (ANS) three (6%). Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was noted in 19 (38%) cases. Kidney biopsy revealed isolated DN, isolated NDKD, and NDKD superimposed on DN in 26 (52%), 14 (28%), and 10 (20%) cases, respectively. Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN) (4) and amyloidosis (2) were the most common forms of NDKD, whereas diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) was the main form of NDKD superimposed on DN. Diabetic nephropathy was observed in 15 (79%) cases in presence of DR and also in 11 (35.5%) cases even in absence of DR. Of eight patients with microalbuminuria four (50%) cases have biopsy-proven DN. Conclusion: About 48% of patients had NDKD either in isolation or in coexistence with DN. Diabetic nephropathy was found in absence of DR and in patients with a low level of proteinuria. The level of proteinuria and presence of DR does not help to distinguish DN vs NDKD. Hence, renal biopsy may be useful in selected T2DM patients with clinical kidney disease to diagnose NDKD.
Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Kovil Rajiv , Chawla Manoj , Shah Tejas , Sahoo Abhay , Makkar Brij , Kesavadev Jothydev , Seshadri Krishna , Tiwaskar Mangesh , Rajput Rajesh , Phatak Sanjeev , Majumdar Sujoy , Gupta Sunil
Published: April 2023

Background: The available evidence was systematically reviewed to evaluate the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) on cardiovascular (CV) and renal outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or multiple risk factors (MRF), with or without heart failure (HF), and per estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) rate at baseline. Methods: We comprehensively searched three electronic databases to retrieve publications up to 30th November 2019, which were screened for inclusion. The data extracted for the outcomes according to baseline ASCVD, HF, and eGFR levels were meta-analyzed using fixed effects model. Results: Of the 735 screened citations, 15 primary and secondary publications from five CV or renal outcome trials were included. SGLT2is reduced the risk of CV death or hospitalization for HF (HHF), HHF alone, and composite renal-specific outcome, irrespective of ASCVD and HF at baseline. The three-point major adverse cardiovascular events (3P-MACE) risk was reduced by 14% (p<0.001) in patients with ASCVD and by 10% (p = 0.018) in those without baseline HF compared with their counterparts. SGLT2is significantly reduced the risk of MACE (18%) in patients with mild kidney dysfunction (eGFR within the range of 60–<90 mL/min/1.73 m2 and <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 ). Conclusion: SGLT2is are effective for both secondary and primary prevention of composite CV outcomes, and secondary prevention of MACE. The upcoming evidence may strengthen the primary prevention benefits of SGLT2is.
Baywa hat Probleme in der Obstsparte
Authors: Krönert Alrun
Published: April 2023

Mit Rekordwerten bei Umsatz und Ergebnis hat sich der langjährige Baywa-Chef Klaus Josef Lutz aus dem Vorstand der Baywa AG verabschiedet. Als Wermutstropfen entpuppt sich der internationale Fruchthandel, der das Vorjahresniveau nicht erreichen konnte.
HL Display übernimmt Wettbewerber
Authors: Konrad Jörg , Holst Martha
Published: April 2023

Der schwedische Spezialist für Instore-Merchandising HL Display setzt seinen europaweit laufenden Akquisitionskurs fort. Jüngste Neuzugänge sind die deutschen Schwesterunternehmen Oechsle und Werba.
Reale und virtuelle Welt verschmelzen
Authors: Nusser Bernd
Published: April 2023

Kann der Online-Shop irgendwann einmal das optische und haptische Erlebnis des Kunden im stationären Handel bieten? Mit der entsprechenden Technik scheint das virtuelle Angebot zumindest auf dem Weg dahin.
Papierwirtschaft drängt in Brüssel auf Korrektur
Authors: Wenzel Horst
Published: April 2023

Die Produkte aus Zellulosefasern herstellenden Industrien fürchten, dass Regulierungen im Entwurf der EU-Verpackungsverordnung ihr Geschäft beeinträchtigen und ihr Recyclingsystem schädigen. Ein gemeinsames Positionspapier listet aus Branchen-Sicht unbedingt notwendige Änderungen auf.
Inspiration und Impulse für die Süßwarenbranche
Authors: Fries Tanja
Published: April 2023

Vom Wertewandel, über Künstliche Intelligenz bis hin zu neuen Konsumleitbildern: Welche Auswirkungen die Veränderungen auf das Geschäft mit Süßwaren haben, diskutierte die Branche bei den Tessiner Innovationstagen.
„Der Teufel steckt im Detail“
Authors: Vetter Bernhard
Published: April 2023

Im Geschäftsleben geht es nicht immer nur reibungslos zu. Das Agrarorganisationen-und-Lieferketten-Gesetz (AgrarOLkG) soll für mehr Fairness zwischen kleinen Lieferanten und ihren großen Kunden sorgen. David Jüntgen kümmert sich bei der zuständigen BLE um Beschwerden, die unter das noch recht neue Gesetz fallen, und kennt die Problemstellen.
Botshape: A Novel Social Bots Detection Approach via Behavioral Patterns
Authors: Wu Jun , Ye Xuesong , Mou Chengjie
Published: April 2023

An essential topic in online social network security is how to accurately detect bot accounts and relieve their harmful impacts (e.g., misinformation, rumor, and spam) on genuine users. Based on a real-world data set, we construct behavioral sequences from raw event logs. After extracting critical characteristics from behavioral time series, we observe differences between bots and genuine users and similar patterns among bot accounts. We present a novel social bot detection system BOTSHAPE, to automatically catch behavioral sequences and characteristics as features for classifiers to detect bots. We evaluate the detection performance of our system in ground-truth instances, showing an average accuracy of 98.52% and an average f1-score of 96.65% on various types of classifiers. After comparing it with other research, we conclude that BOTSHAPE is a novel approach to profiling an account, which could improve performance for most methods by providing significant behavioral features
Ensino de história da enfermagem na graduação na pandemia de COVID-19 no ano de 2020
Authors: Bernardo Tavares da Silva Margarete , Geovana Gama de Sousa Aperibense Pacita , Valentim Monteiro Luana , Da Silva Castro Maria de Fátima , Vieira Malta Daniela , Pureza Guimarães da Silva Camila
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: relatar a experiência de quatro docentes de diferentes instituições de ensino superior sobre o ensino remoto de história da enfermagem na graduação durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em 2020. Métodos: utilizaram-se relatos de experiências de docentes no momento de instalação da pandemia do novo coronavírus, quando todas as atividades presenciais foram suspensas. Resultados: evidenciaram-se quatro categorias: ensino da história da enfermagem na graduação; potencialidades identificadas no processo de ensino da história por meio de atividade remota; as fragilidades deste ensino; e os desafios enfrentados para a efetivação desta proposta. Conclusão: professores e estudantes se reinventaram para garantir bons resultados nesta nova proposta de ensino. Todos buscaram trazer relevância e significado para o ensino da história da enfermagem, com vistas a contribuir para que os futuros profissionais tivessem o subsídio necessário ao fortalecimento da identidade profissional, visando fazerem cumprir o compromisso que têm com a sociedade na qual estarão inseridos.
Especialização em História da Enfermagem
Authors: Porto Fernando
Published: April 2023

O termo “especialista” significa pessoa que se consagra com particular interesse e cuidado a certo estudo, bem como aquele que se dedica a determinado ramo de uma profissão. Isso implica, direta e/ou diretamente, ter cursado uma pós-graduação lato sensu para aprofundamento do conhecimento, o que tem por efeito se tratar de profissional especializado. A partir daí, vamos discorrer sobre a especialização no campo da História da Enfermagem, para evidenciar o movimento que merece ser apoiado em prol das pesquisas pelo constructo advindo do passado para o presente na enfermagem brasileira.
prática da acupuntura por enfermeiras
Authors: Bousfield Ana Paula Senna , Padilha Maria Itayra , Bellaguarda Maria Lígia dos Reis , Costa Roberta
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: analisar como a prática da acupuntura por enfermeiras tem se desenvolvido ao longo do tempo. Método: revisão integrativa, realizada no período de abril a junho de 2020, nas bases Web of Science, CINAHL, LILACS e MEDLINE de artigos originais publicados no período de 1990 a 2020. Resultados: a partir da análise dos dados, foram selecionados 27 artigos originais, que deram origem a três categorias: Acupuntura na prática clínica aplicada a gestantes e puérperas; Acupuntura na prática clínica aplicada aos profissionais da área da saúde; e Acupuntura na prática clínica aplicada: obesidade, dor e outras patologias. Conclusão: a efetividade da acupuntura é verificada em todas as técnicas implementadas pelas enfermeiras e definida como prática inovadora. Configura-se como mais uma possibilidade de atuação profissional tanto para benefício dos usuários do sistema de saúde quanto para incentivar o fortalecimento dessa especialidade na enfermagem.
Association of clinical variables as a predictor marker in type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications
Authors: Suvarna Renuka , Biswas Monalisa , P. Shenoy Revathi , Prabhu M. Mukhyaprana
Published: April 2023

Introduction and Aim: Various biochemical and hematological variables are important for predicting the progression of diabetes to diabetic complications, analyzing health-economic status, and examining the effectiveness of antidiabetic agents. The aim of this study is to find the association between clinical variables and type 2 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular disease.
 
Materials and Methods: A total of 300 participants’ details were studied and divided into 3 groups; type 2 diabetes (n=100), diabetic nephropathy (n=100), and cardiovascular disease (n=100). Various biochemical and hematological variable data were collected from the patient file. BUN and inflammatory markers such as NLR, PLR, LMR and SII were calculated. P value (0.05) is statistically significant.
 
Result: A comparison of biochemical data, such as HbA1c, urea, creatinine, and sodium, revealed statistically significant differences between the three groups. Hematological parameters, such as RBC, Hb, WBC, PCT, and RDW, were also found to be significant. We calculated BUN, BCR, NLR, PLR, LMR, and SII and found they were significant.
 
Conclusions Clinical variables along with HbA1c as one of the most significant predictors can help define a person's risk profile for type 2 diabetes and the progression of diabetic complications. It may offer a new challenge to health education and therapeutic interventions designed to prevent diabetic complications.
Depression and suicidal ideation among medical students
Authors: Bolakale-Rufai Ikeoluwapo Kendra
Published: April 2023

Neuropsychiatric diseases account for the largest proportion of the global burden of non-communicable diseases with depression being the leading cause of disability worldwide (1) Depression and suicides occur at an alarming rate among healthcare professionals despite having adequate knowledge of mental health and relative access to psychiatrists (2).In this review, the aim was to identify the association between depression and suicidal ideation among medical students and its implication on their overall health and patient care. Also examined were the preventive strategies essential in curbing depression and suicidal ideation among medical students.Method: An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase, to identify articles on depression and suicide among medical students. The prevalence of depression, the association between depression and suicidal ideation among health professionals, and the outcomes of depression on productivity and patient care were explored.Results: Many studies show an association between depression and suicidal ideation in medical students. Depression is commoner in female medical students, and it impairs learning which in turn affects patient care. Long hours of lectures, financial burdens, and insufficient sleep have been identified as risk factors for depression in medical students.Conclusion: There is a significant risk of depression and suicidal ideation among medical students worldwide. Integration of mental health services, provision of free and timely counseling services, and implementation of mental health policies are strategies that can be used for mitigating depression and promoting mental wellness.
The impact of COVID-19 on the volume and outcomes of routine and emergency endoscopy within an NHS Trust
Authors: Sasegbon Ayodele , Hasnain Nadir Syed Mujtaba , Leverton Daniel , Bhandare Anirudh
Published: April 2023

Objective: COVID-19 has resulted in increased restrictions around the practice of routine endoscopy. This has had an impact on the number of endoscopies performed and access to training. However, gaps remain in our understanding.
Methods: Patients referred for inpatient endoscopies from March to May 2019 and February to May 2020 were identified. Their electronic notes and endoscopy reports were examined for referral details, endoscopic findings, complications and 30-day mortality. Additional information was collected on patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeds (UGIB) to enable the calculation of pre-oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) Blatchford scores and post-OGD Rockall scores. Comparisons were made between data obtained from March to May 2019 and 2020 (inter-year comparisons) and between February 2020 (immediately before the British Society of Gastroenterology published advice to restrict routine endoscopies) and March to May 2020 period (intra-year comparisons).
Results: 398 endoscopies were performed from March to May 2019 compared to 183 over the same period in 2020, a 54% reduction. 103 endoscopies were performed in February 2020 compared to the mean monthly value of 61 for the period from March to May 2020, a reduction of 41%. 12% of patients died in 2019 compared to 16% in 2020. For UGIB, 11% of patients died in 2019 compared to 15% in 2020. In 2019, 17% of UGIB OGDs were performed by gastroenterology trainees compared to 26% in 2020.
Conclusion: COVID-19 has led to a marked decrease in the number of endoscopies performed. Despite this trainee endoscopy exposure concerning emergency, UGIB OGDs have been preserved.
Local Lordship and Joyous Entries in the Burgundian and Habsburg Netherlands
Authors: Van Gelder Klaas
Published: April 2023

Ever since the cultural turn and the understanding of ritual and ceremony as forms of communication and symbolic negotiation, medieval and early modern princely coronations, inaugurations, and joyous entries have received incessant scholarly attention. That was much less the case for seigneurial joyous entries that took place in villages and small towns. The Burgundian and Habsburg Netherlands, and the Duchy of Brabant in particular, had a remarkably strong tradition in this respect. Local lords and ladies held entries in their seigneuries, issued liberty charters, and swore to uphold local rights and privileges. These entries gave occasion to high masses and Te Deums, banquets with local dignitaries, and festivities for the other inhabitants. This article analyses a set of 88 seigneurial entries, ranging from the early fifteenth until the late eighteenth century. It argues that these solemnities were structural components of the seigneurial landscape, carrying legal, social, and political meaning. They are also gauges for the power relations between the lord or lady, local office holders, and villagers or townspeople at a given moment, and can therefore help us to better understand who stood to gain most from the seigneurial system.
Aerosol absorption by in-situ filter-based photometer and ground-based sun-photometer in an urban atmosphere
Authors: Bigi Alessandro , Veratti Giorgio , Andrews Elisabeth , Collaud Coen Martine , Guerrieri Lorenzo , Bernardoni Vera , Massabò Dario , Ferrero Luca , Teggi Sergio , Ghermandi Grazia
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Light Absorbing Aerosols (LAA) are short-lived climate forcers with a significant impact on Earth radiative balance and include dust aerosols, Black Carbon (BC) and organic light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosol (collectively termed as Brown Carbon, BrC), which have been also proven to be highly toxic. Aerosol absorption at 5 wavelengths (UV, B, G, R, IR) by filter photometer was monitored continuously during two winter seasons in 2020 and 2021 in the city of Modena (South-central Po valley, Northern Italy) at the two regulatory air quality monitoring sites, along with other pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO, NO2, C6H6) and vehicular traffic rate. Columnar levels of AOD and of other aerosol optical properties were concurrently monitored at multiple wavelengths by a local sun-photometer at urban background conditions and within the AERONET network. In-situ absorption levels were apportioned both to sources (fossil fuel, biomass burning) and to species (BC, BrC), while columnar absorption was apportioned to BC, BrC and mineral dust. The combined analysis of the atmospheric aerosol and gas levels and of the meteorological conditions (in-situ and by ERA5 reanalysis) identified the location of potential urban sources for BC and BrC, most likely traffic and biomass burning. In-situ data shown different diurnal/weekly patterns for BrC by biomass burning and BC by traffic, with minor differences among the background and the traffic urban conditions. AERONET version 3 Absorption Aerosol Optical Depth (AAOD) retrievals at 4 wavelengths allowed the estimate of the Absorptive Direct Radiative Effect by LAA over the same period under the reasonable assumption that the AOD signal is built up within the mixing layer. AERONET retrievals showed a modest correlation of columnar absorption with PBL-scaled in-situ observations, although the correlation improves significantly during a desert dust transport event, affecting both in-situ aerosol and columnar absorption, particularly in the Blue spectrum range. Low correlation occurred between the contribution of BrC to aerosol absorption for the in-situ and the columnar observations, with this contribution being generally larger at the former. Finally, evidences of a strongly layered atmosphere during the study period, featured by large spatial mixing and modest vertical mixing, were shown by ERA5-based atmospheric temperature profiles and by the large correlation of concurrent AERONET AOD retrievals in Modena and in Ispra (on the NW side of the Po valley, ca. 225 km distant from Modena).
URock 2023a: An open source GIS-based wind model for complex urban settings
Authors: Bernard Jérémy , Lindberg Fredrik , Oswald Sandro
Published: April 2023

Abstract. URock 2023a is an open source diagnostic model dedicated to wind field calculation in urban setting. It is based on a quick method initially proposed by Röckle and already implemented in the proprietary software QUIC-URB. First, the model method is described as well as its implementation in the free and open source geographic information system called QGIS. Then it is evaluated against wind tunnel measurements and QUIC-URB simulations for four different building settings plus one case with an isolated tree. The correlation between URock and QUIC-URB is high and URock reproduces quite well the spatial variations of the wind speed observed in the wind tunnel experiments. Sources of improvements are highlighted, which are applicable both for URock and QUIC-URB. URock 2023a is available via the Urban Multiscale Environment Predictor (UMEP), a city-based climate service tool designed for researchers and service providers presented as a plugin for QGIS. The model, data and scripts used to write this manuscript can be freely accessed at https://zenodo.org/record/7681245.
On the relationship between mesoscale cellular convection and meteorological forcing: Comparing the Southern Ocean against the North Pacific
Authors: Lang Francisco , Siems Steven T. , Huang Yi , Ackermann Luis
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) clouds cover vast areas over the ocean and have important radiative effects on the Earth’s climate system. These radiative effects are known to be sensitive to the local organization, or structure, of the mesoscale cellular convection (MCC). A convolution neural network model is used to identify the two ideal classes of MCC clouds, namely open and closed, over the Southern Ocean (SO) and Northwest Pacific (NP) from high-frequency geostationary Himawari-8 satellite observations. The results of the climatology show that MCC clouds are roughly distributed over the midlatitude storm tracks for both hemispheres, with peaks poleward of the 40° latitude. Open MCC clouds are more prevalent than closed MCC in both regions. An examination of meteorological forcing associated with open and closed MCC clouds is conducted to illustrate the influence of large-scale meteorological conditions. We establish the importance of the Kuroshio western boundary current in the spatial coverage of open and closed MCC across the NP, presumably through the supply of strong heat and moisture fluxes during marine cold air outbreaks events. For both regions, closed MCC cloud are more frequent at higher static stability than on air-sea temperature difference, opposite to the open MCC cloud behavior. The diurnal cycle reveals a pronounced daily cycle in the frequency of occurrence of closed MCC over the SO, while the NP closed MCC daily cycle is less noticeable.
Assessing Future Hydrological Impacts of Climate Change on High-Mountain Central Asia: Insights from a Stochastic Soil Moisture Water Balance Model
Authors: Siegfried Tobias , Mujahid Aziz Ul Haq , Marti Beatrice Sabine , Molnar Peter , Karger Dirk Nikolaus , Yakovlev Andrey
Published: April 2023

Abstract. We use a new set of data available to compute 21st century climate impacts on the hydrology of 221 catchments in high-mountain Central Asia. For each of these subcatchments, a parsimonious steady state stochastic soil moisture water balance model was set up and the partitioning of available water from precipitation into runoff and evaporation computed for different climate futures using the Budyko framework. Climate change sensitivity coefficients are analytically derived for the first time using the total differential method. Relative changes in discharge for three future periods 2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100 were computed in relation to the baseline period from 1979–2011. For the baseline observation period, climate data from a global high-resolution climatology data set (CHELSA V21) were used to extract mean daily subcatchment-specific temperature and precipitation values. Data from the coupled model intercomparison project phase 6 (CMIP6) were used to compute catchment mean future climate data using 4 GCM models with 4 scenario runs each. CMIP6 data were bias corrected with CHELSA V21 observation data. For the spatial distribution of soil parameters, different global products were utilized. The robustness of the soil water balance model results was assessed using a comprehensive sensitivity analysis in relation to variations of these soil parameters over typically observed ranges for each subcatchment. The analysis of climate change suggests increasing precipitation over the three periods (+4.44 %, +5.89 %, and +8.51 % relative increases in median total precipitation averaged over subcatchment and scenarios). Median values of temperatures changes between periods relative to the baseline are +1.33 °C, +2.44 °C, and +3.55 °C. Results of the hydrological soil water balance model runs suggest a median increase of discharge of +4.71 %, +7.44 % and +10.87 % for the corresponding periods. This is a strong indication of a wetter and hotter future in Central Asia, relative to today’s hydroclimate. Modelling results suggest that decreasing contributions from glacier melt over the course of the 21st century will be offset by increases in discharge consistently throughout the region, despite increasing potential evapotranspiration. Increases in relative discharge will be most pronounced in the Afghan Murghab-Harirud basin and in the Amu Darya. Changes in precipitation characteristics in terms of frequency and event depth also indicate possible impacts on hydrological extremes which remains a heavily under researched topic in Central Asia.
Source differences in the components and cytotoxicity of PM2.5 from automobile exhaust, coal combustion, and biomass burning contributing to urban aerosol toxicity
Authors: Luo Xiao-San , Huang Weijie , Shen Guofeng , Pang Yuting , Tang Mingwei , Li Weijun , Zhao Zhen , Li Hanhan , Wei Yaqian , Xie Longjiao , Mehmood Tariq
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The combustions of fuels, including oil, coal, and biomass, are main anthropogenic sources of atmospheric fine particulate matters (PM2.5), however, their discrepant contributions to health toxicity risks of mixed ambient aerosol pollution dominated by respective emission intensity and chemical compositions are still unclear. In order to explore the quantitative differences of these combustion emissions, ten typical types of each source PM2.5, i.e., vehicle exhaust, coal combustion, and biomass burning, were collected by laboratory simulated combustion and dilution channel sampler. Totally thirty type combustion samples were compared with monthly urban air PM2.5 samples, which chemical characteristics and biological effects were investigated by component analysis and in vitro toxicity assays of human lung epithelial cells (A549). Heavy metals are more plentiful in PM2.5 from coal combustion and automobile exhaust, while carbonaceous fraction was plenteous in biomass burning. The overall cytotoxicity of PM2.5 was automobile exhaust > coal combustion > biomass burning, with different toxicity pathways and triggers. The toxicity of PM2.5 from gasoline/diesel and biomass combustion was relevant to the combination of carbonaceous and water-soluble components, but the toxicogenic capacity of coal combustion PM2.5 was mainly related to the high content of heavy metals. All these three emission categories of anthropogenic combustion sources were more toxic than ambient PM2.5 and should be the main independent contributors to the cytotoxicity of mixed urban air PM2.5. Associated with the source apportionment results of positive matrix factorization (PMF) model that automobile exhaust, coal and biomass combustion contributed 27.7 %, 25.2 % and 13.1 % of ambient air PM2.5, respectively, the toxicological results suggest automobile exhaust and coal combustion are priority emissions with higher toxic pollutants to be reduced preferentially for precise urban PM2.5 pollution control ensuring public health safety.
The Emissions Model Intercomparison Project (Emissions-MIP): quantifying model sensitivity to emission characteristics
Authors: Ahsan Hamza , Wang Hailong , Wu Jingbo , Wu Mingxuan , Smith Steven J. , Bauer Susanne , Suchyta Harrison , Olivié Dirk , Myhre Gunnar , Matsui Hitoshi , Bian Huisheng , Lamarque Jean-François , Carslaw Ken , Horowitz Larry , Regayre Leighton , Chin Mian , Schulz Michael , Skeie Ragnhild Bieltvedt , Takemura Toshihiko , Naik Vaishali
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols and precursor compounds are known to significantly affect the energy balance of the Earth-atmosphere system, alter the formation of clouds and precipitation, and have substantial impact on human health and the environment. Global models are an essential tool for examining the impacts of these emissions. In this study, we examine the sensitivity of model results to the assumed height of SO2 injection, seasonality of SO2 and BC emissions, and the assumed fraction of SO2 emissions that is injected into the atmosphere as SO4 in 11 climate and chemistry models, including both chemical transport models and the atmospheric component of Earth system models. We find a large variation in atmospheric lifetime across models for SO2, SO4, and BC, with a particularly large relative variation for SO2, which indicates that fundamental aspects of atmospheric sulfur chemistry remain uncertain. Of the perturbations examined in this study, the assumed height of SO2 injection had the largest overall impacts, particularly on global mean net radiative flux (maximum difference of -0.35 W m-2), SO2 lifetime over northern hemisphere land (maximum difference of 0.8 days), surface SO2 concentration (up to 59 % decrease), and surface sulfate concentration (up to 23 % increase). Emitting SO2 at height consistently increased SO2 and SO4 column burdens and shortwave cooling, with varying magnitudes, but had inconsistent effects across models on the sign of the change in implied cloud forcing. The assumed SO4 emission fraction also had a significant impact on net radiative flux and surface sulfate concentration. Because these properties are not standardized across models this is a source of inter-model diversity typically neglected in model intercomparisons. These results imply a need to assure that anthropogenic emission injection height and SO4 emission fraction are accurately and consistently represented in global models.
A global catalogue of CO2 emissions and co-emitted species from power plants at a very high spatial and temporal resolution
Authors: Guevara Marc , Enciso Santiago , Tena Carles , Jorba Oriol , Dellaert Stijn , Denier van der Gon Hugo , Pérez García-Pando Carlos
Published: April 2023

Abstract. We present a high-resolution global emission catalogue of CO2 and co-emitted species (NOx, SO2, CO, CH4) from thermal power plants for the year 2018. The construction of the database follows a bottom-up approach, which combines plant-specific information with national energy consumption statistics and fuel-dependent emission factors and emission ratios. The resulting catalog contains annual emission information for more than 16000 individual facilities at their exact geographical location. Each facility is linked to a specific temporal (i.e., monthly, day-of-the-week and hourly) and vertical distribution profile, which were derived from national electricity generation statistics and plume rise calculations that combine stack parameters with meteorological information. The combination of the aforementioned information allows to derive high-resolution spatial and temporal emissions for modelling purposes. Estimated annual emissions were compared against independent plant- and country-level inventories, including the Carbon Monitoring for Action (CARMA) and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) databases, as well as officially reported emission data. An overall good agreement is observed between datasets when comparing the CO2 emissions. The main discrepancies are related to the non-inclusion of auto-producer or heat-only facilities in certain countries due to lack of data. Larger inconsistencies are obtained when comparing emissions from co-emitted species due to uncertainties in the fuel-dependent emission ratios and gap-filling procedures. The temporal distribution of emissions obtained in this work was compared against traditional sector-dependent profiles that are widely used in modelling efforts. This highlighted important differences and the need to consider country dependencies when temporally distributing emissions. The resulting catalogue (https://doi.org/10.24380/mxjo-nram, Guevara et al., 2023) is developed in the framework of the Prototype System for a Copernicus CO2 service (CoCO2) EU-funded project to support the development of the Copernicus CO2 Monitoring and Verification Support capacity (CO2MVS).
Digital twin concepts for linking live sensor data with real-time models
Authors: Jedermann Reiner , Singh Kunal , Lang Walter , Mahajan Pramod
Published: April 2023

Abstract. For taking most advantage of live or real-time sensor measurements, data have to be processed by a single or even by a chain of models on the fly, in contrast to earlier offline simulation solutions. This requirement can be best met by concepts developed under the general term “digital twin” (DT). The step from the Internet of Things (IoT) to a full
exploitation of DT solutions entails new challenges but also provides new
features, which we discuss based on our example DT solution for remote
monitoring of fruit during ocean transportation. A crucial challenge is the
transformation of models into an updateable format, necessary to keep the
physical object and its modelled representation in sync. A basic new feature
of DTs is new software solutions for easy and flexible linking of different
models through a streaming platform by implementing an event-driven
architecture. We demonstrate a solution for controlling model execution
during multiple life cycle phases of the fruit as physical object. An
evaluation of response times showed that server performance is sufficient to
handle more than 100 DT instances per second.
Simulation of NMR spectra at zero and ultralow fields from A to Z – a tribute to Prof. Konstantin L'vovich Ivanov
Authors: Stern Quentin , Sheberstov Kirill
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Simulating NMR experiments may appear mysterious and even
daunting for those who are new to the field. Yet, broken down into pieces,
the process may turn out to be easier than expected. Quite the opposite,
it is in fact a powerful and playful means to get insights into the spin
dynamics of NMR experiments. In this tutorial paper, we show step by step
how some NMR experiments can be simulated, assuming as little prior
knowledge from the reader as possible. We focus on the case of NMR at zero
and ultralow fields, an emerging modality of NMR in which the spin dynamics
are dominated by spin–spin interactions rather than spin–field interactions,
as is usually the case with conventional high-field NMR. We first show how to
simulate spectra numerically. In a second step, we detail an approach to
construct an eigenbasis for systems of spin-1/2 nuclei at
zero field. We then use it to interpret the numerical simulations.
POSSIBLE EXPANSION OF THE CLIMATIC RANGE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY BEING A DANGEROUS FRUIT PEST
Authors:   Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, BOGDANOVICH A. YU. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, ANDREEVA A. P. ,   Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, DOBROLYUBOV N. YU. ,   Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, KRYLENKO S. V. ,   Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, LIPKA O. N. ,   Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, SEMENOV S. M. ,   Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology,   Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2023

The Mediterranean fruit fly is a significant agroclimatic threat to the fruit production. It can damage up to 80-100% of fruits on 45-78% of agricultural land in some countries. The modern climatic range of the pest is analyzed in the present paper using computational data generated by the Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory regional climate model and the global climate model of Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics. The species requirements for climate conditions are: the sum of active temperatures (a threshold is 10°C) above 2700°C; monthly mean temperatures for December-February are positive; monthly precipitation totals in December-February exceed 13 mm. In Russia, such conditions are observed on the Black Sea coast and in a small part of the southern Caspian lowland. The assessment of changes in the climatic range of the pest in 2050-2059 versus 1990-1999 under the RCP8.5 scenario showed the expansion of the climatically suitable territory. The territory will almost completely include such traditional fruit growing regions as the Krasnodar krai, the Republic of Crimea, and the Republic of Adygea. Strict quarantine measures and early resource allocation that quickly suppresses infestations of the Mediterranean fruit fly may be proposed as adaptation measures.
Compliance e governança de dados como estratégias para as empresas
Authors: Rodrigues Vilaça Denise , Almeida Magalhães Rodrigo
Published: April 2023

Law No. 13.709/2018, called the General Law for the Protection of Personal Data – LGPD, changed and regulated the processing of personal data. In addition to providing for the rights of the holders, it brought forms and requirements for the processing of this data, whether carried out online or offline, and specific obligations so that the personal data processing agents can ensure the prerogatives of the holders of these information. The purpose of this article is to offer a systematized view that reconciles theory with practical issues. The paper then addresses theoretical concepts, such as compliance, governance, data governance, but also practical aspects, such as the program, methodology, program phases, guidelines and data governance effectiveness, thus aiming at clarify what are the best strategies to stand out and adapt to the business world that is increasingly competitive. The article concludes that a data privacy program coupled with good management and compliance practices guarantees the protection of the privacy of the personal data of their respective holders as well as the good reputation of the organization in the market. To obtain these results and conclusions, the methodology of integrated, analytical, deductive research and the technique of bibliographic research was used.