bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of stepwise electron transfer in six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP) 1 and 2
Authors: Chen Kehan , Wang Lie , Shen Jiemin , Tsai Ah-Lim , Zhou Ming , Wu Gang
Published: November 2023

Six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP) 1–4 are membrane-embedded hemoproteins that chelate a heme prosthetic group in a transmembrane domain (TMD). STEAP2–4, but not STEAP1, have an intracellular oxidoreductase domain (OxRD) and can mediate cross-membrane electron transfer from NADPH via FAD and heme. However, it is unknown whether STEAP1 can establish a physiologically relevant electron transfer chain. Here, we show that STEAP1 can be reduced by reduced FAD or soluble cytochrome b5 reductase that serves as a surrogate OxRD, providing the first evidence that STEAP1 can support a cross-membrane electron transfer chain. It is not clear whether FAD, which relays electrons from NADPH in OxRD to heme in TMD, remains constantly bound to the STEAPs. We found that FAD reduced by STEAP2 can be utilized by STEAP1, suggesting that FAD is diffusible rather than staying bound to STEAP2. We determined the structure of human STEAP2 in complex with NADP+ and FAD to an overall resolution of 3.2 Å by cryo-electron microscopy and found that the two cofactors bind STEAP2 similarly as in STEAP4, suggesting that a diffusible FAD is a general feature of the electron transfer mechanism in the STEAPs. We also demonstrated that STEAP2 reduces ferric nitrilotriacetic acid (Fe3+-NTA) significantly slower than STEAP1 and proposed that the slower reduction is due to the poor Fe3+-NTA binding to the highly flexible extracellular region in STEAP2. These results establish a solid foundation for understanding the function and mechanisms of the STEAPs.
Metabolic memory of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure in pluripotent stem cells and primordial germ cells-like cells
Authors: Verdikt Roxane , Armstrong Abigail A. , Cheng Jenny , Hwang Young Sun , Clark Amander T. , Yang Xia , Allard Patrick
Published: November 2023

Cannabis, the most consumed illicit psychoactive drug in the world, is increasingly used by pregnant women. However, while cannabinoid receptors are expressed in the early embryo, the impact of phytocannabinoids exposure on early embryonic processes is lacking. Here, we leverage a stepwise in vitro differentiation system that captures early embryonic developmental cascade to investigate the impact of exposure to the most abundant phytocannabinoid, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). We demonstrate that Δ9-THC increases the proliferation of naïve mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) but not of their primed counterpart. Surprisingly, this increased proliferation, dependent on the CB1 receptor binding, is only associated with moderate transcriptomic changes. Instead, Δ9-THC capitalizes on ESCs’ metabolic bivalence by increasing their glycolytic rates and anabolic capabilities. A memory of this metabolic rewiring is retained throughout differentiation to Primordial Germ Cell-Like Cells in the absence of direct exposure and is associated with an alteration of their transcriptional profile. These results represent the first in-depth molecular characterization of the impact of Δ9-THC exposure on early stages of germline development.
Evolution and diversity of biomineralized columnar architecture in early Cambrian phosphatic-shelled brachiopods
Authors: Zhang Zhiliang , Zhang Zhifei , Holmer Lars E. , Topper Timothy P. , Pan Bing , Li Guoxiang
Published: November 2023

Biologically-controlled mineralization producing organic-inorganic composites (hard skeletons) by metazoan biomineralizers has been an evolutionary innovation since the earliest Cambrian. Among them, linguliform brachiopods are one of the key invertebrates that secrete calcium phosphate minerals to build their skeletons. One of the most distinct shell structures is the organo-phosphatic cylindrical column exclusive to phosphatic-shelled brachiopods, including both crown and stem groups. However, the complexity, diversity and biomineralization processes of these microscopic columns are far from clear in brachiopod ancestors. Here, exquisitely well-preserved columnar shell ultrastructures are reported for the first time in the earliest eoobolids. The hierarchical shell architectures, epithelial cell moulds, and the shape and size of cylindrical columns are scrutinised in
Latusobolus xiaoyangbaensis
gen. et sp. nov. and
Eoobolus acutulus
sp. nov from the Cambrian Series 2 Shuijingtuo Formation of South China. The secretion and construction of the stacked sandwich model of columnar architecture, which played a significant role in the evolution of linguliforms, is highly biologically controlled and organic-matrix mediated. Furthermore, a continuous transformation of anatomic features resulting from the growth of columnar shells is revealed between Eoobolidae, Lingulellotretidae and Acrotretida, shedding new light on the evolutionary growth and adaptive innovation of biomineralized columnar architecture among early phosphatic-shelled brachiopods during the Cambrian explosion.
LRRC23 truncation impairs radial spoke 3 head assembly and sperm motility underlying male infertility
Authors: Hwang Jae Yeon , Chai Pengxin , Nawaz Shoaib , Choi Jungmin , Lopez-Giraldez Francesc , Hussain Shabir , Bilguvar Kaya , Mane Shrikant , Lifton Richard P. , Ahmad Wasim , Zhang Kai , Chung Jean-Ju
Published: November 2023

Radial spokes (RS) are T-shaped multiprotein complexes on the axonemal microtubules. Repeated RS1, RS2, and RS3 couple the central pair to modulate ciliary and flagellar motility. Despite the cell type specificity of RS3 substructures, their molecular components remain largely unknown. Here, we report that a leucine-rich repeat-containing protein, LRRC23, is an RS3 head component essential for its head assembly and flagellar motility in mammalian spermatozoa. From infertile male patients with defective sperm motility, we identified a splice site variant of
LRRC23
. A mutant mouse model mimicking this variant produces a truncated LRRC23 at the C-terminus that fails to localize to the sperm tail, causing male infertility due to defective sperm motility. LRRC23 was previously proposed to be an ortholog of the RS stalk protein RSP15. However, we found that purified recombinant LRRC23 interacts with an RS head protein RSPH9, which is abolished by the C-terminal truncation. Evolutionary and structural comparison also shows that LRRC34, not LRRC23, is the RSP15 ortholog. Cryo-electron tomography clearly revealed that the absence of the RS3 head and the sperm-specific RS2-RS3 bridge structure in LRRC23 mutant spermatozoa. Our study provides new insights into the structure and function of RS3 in mammalian spermatozoa and the molecular pathogenicity of LRRC23 underlying reduced sperm motility in infertile human males.
Fungal-bacteria interactions provide shelter for bacteria in Caesarean section scar diverticulum
Authors: Chen Peigen , Chen Haicheng , Liu Ziyu , Pan Xinyi , Liu Qianru , Yang Xing
Published: November 2023

Caesarean section scar diverticulum (CSD) is a significant cause of infertility among women who have previously had a Caesarean section, primarily due to persistent inflammatory exudation associated with this condition. Even though abnormal bacterial composition is identified as a critical factor leading to this chronic inflammation, clinical data suggests that a long-term cure is often unattainable with antibiotic treatment alone. In our study, we employed metagenomic analysis and mass spectrometry techniques to investigate the fungal composition in CSD and its interaction with bacteria. We discovered that local fungal abnormalities in CSD can disrupt the stability of the bacterial population and the entire microbial community by altering bacterial abundance via specific metabolites. For instance,
Lachnellula suecica
reduces the abundance of several
Lactobacillus spp
., such as
Lactobacillus jensenii
, by diminishing the production of metabolites like
Goyaglycoside A
and
Janthitrem E
. Concurrently,
Clavispora lusitaniae
and
Ophiocordyceps australis
can synergistically impact the abundance of
Lactobacillus spp
. by modulating metabolite abundance. Our findings underscore that abnormal fungal composition and activity are key drivers of local bacterial dysbiosis in CSD.
Interrogating basal ganglia circuit function in people with Parkinson’s disease and dystonia
Authors: Sumarac Srdjan , Spencer Kiah A , Steiner Leon A , Fearon Conor , Haniff Emily A , Kühn Andrea A , Hodaie Mojgan , Kalia Suneil K , Lozano Andres , Fasano Alfonso , Hutchison William Duncan , Milosevic Luka
Published: November 2023

Background:

The dichotomy between the hypo- versus hyperkinetic nature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dystonia, respectively, is thought to be reflected in the underlying basal ganglia pathophysiology. In this study, we investigated differences in globus pallidus internus (GPi) neuronal activity, and short- and long-term plasticity of direct pathway projections.

Methods:

Using microelectrode recording data collected from the GPi during deep brain stimulation surgery, we compared neuronal spiketrain features between people with PD and those with dystonia, as well as correlated neuronal features with respective clinical scores. Additionally, we characterized and compared readouts of short- and long-term synaptic plasticity using measures of inhibitory evoked field potentials.

Results:

GPi neurons were slower, burstier, and less regular in dystonia. In PD, symptom severity positively correlated with the power of low-beta frequency spiketrain oscillations. In dystonia, symptom severity negatively correlated with firing rate and positively correlated with neuronal variability and the power of theta frequency spiketrain oscillations. Dystonia was moreover associated with less long-term plasticity and slower synaptic depression.

Conclusions:

We substantiated claims of hyper- versus hypofunctional GPi output in PD versus dystonia, and provided cellular-level validation of the pathological nature of theta and low-beta oscillations in respective disorders. Such circuit changes may be underlain by disease-related differences in plasticity of striato-pallidal synapses.

Funding:

This project was made possible with the financial support of Health Canada through the Canada Brain Research Fund, an innovative partnership between the Government of Canada (through Health Canada) and Brain Canada, and of the Azrieli Foundation (LM), as well as a grant from the Banting Research Foundation in partnership with the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation (LM).
Interrogating basal ganglia circuit function in Parkinson’s disease and dystonia
Authors: Sumarac S , Spencer KA , Steiner LA , Fearon C , Haniff E , Kühn AA , Hodaie M , Kalia SK , Lozano AM , Fasano A , Hutchison WD , Milosevic L
Published: November 2023

The dichotomy between the hypo-versus hyperkinetic nature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dystonia, respectively, is thought to be reflected in the underlying basal ganglia pathophysiology.Investigate differences in globus pallidus internus (GPi) neuronal activity, and short- and long-term plasticity of direct pathway projections.GPi neurons were slower, burstier, and less regular in dystonia. In PD, symptom severity positively correlated with the power of low-beta frequency spiketrain oscillations. In dystonia, symptom severity negatively correlated with firing rate, and positively correlated with neuronal variability and the power of theta frequency spiketrain oscillations. Dystonia was moreover associated with less long-term plasticity and slower synaptic depression.We substantiated claims of hyper-versus hypofunctional GPi output in PD versus dystonia, and provided cellular-level validation of the pathological nature of theta and low-beta oscillations in respective disorders. Such circuit changes may be underlain by disease-related differences in plasticity of striato-pallidal synapses.
Purine nucleosides replace cAMP in allosteric regulation of PKA in trypanosomatid pathogens
Authors: Ober Veronica , Githure George B. , Santos Yuri Volpato , Becker Sidney , Moya Gabriel , Basquin Jerôme , Schwede Frank , Lorentzen Esben , Boshart Michael
Published: November 2023

Cyclic nucleotide binding domains (CNB) confer allosteric regulation by cAMP or cGMP to many signalling proteins, including PKA and PKG. PKA of phylogenetically distant
Trypanosoma
is the first exception as it is cyclic nucleotide independent and responsive to nucleoside analogues (Bachmaier et al. 2019). Here we show that natural nucleosides inosine, guanosine and adenosine are nanomolar affinity CNB ligands and activators of PKA orthologs of the important tropical pathogens
T. brucei
,
T. cruzi
and
Leishmania.
The sequence and structural determinants of binding affinity, -specificity and kinase activation of PKAR were established by structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis, co-crystal structures and mutagenesis. Substitution of 2-3 amino acids in the binding sites is sufficient for conversion of CNB domains from nucleoside to cyclic nucleotide specificity. In addition, a trypanosomatid-specific C-terminal helix (αD) is required for high affinity binding to CNB-B. The αD helix functions as a lid of the binding site that shields ligands from solvent. Selectivity of guanosine for CNB-B and of adenosine for CNB-A results in synergistic kinase activation at low nanomolar concentration. PKA pulldown from rapid lysis establishes guanosine as the predominant ligand
in vivo
in
T. brucei
bloodstream forms, whereas guanosine and adenosine seem to synergize in the procyclic developmental stage in the insect vector. We discuss the versatile use of CNB domains in evolution and recruitment of PKA for novel nucleoside-mediated signalling.
Athletic Trainers' Perceptions and Experiences with Interprofessional Practice
Authors: Kraemer Ellanora , Keeley Kimberly , Martin Malissa , Breitbach Anthony P.
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION Understanding athletic trainers’ (ATs) perceptions of and experiences with interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) can help improve their interactions with other healthcare professionals. The purpose of this study was to explore ATs’ perceptions (beliefs, benefits, barriers), experiences and recommended strategies related to IPCP.METHODS 314 ATs (139 male, 175 female) completed an online survey that collected participant demographics in addition to sections about participants’ perceptions experiences related to IPCP and recommended strategies implementation of IPCP.RESULTS Participants reported the primary sports medicine team should include ATs, orthopedic physicians and physical therapists (PTs) with the AT serving as the point person. Athletic trainers reported interacting most frequently with other ATs, orthopedic physicians and primary care physicians using a combination of direct and indirect communication methods. The primary benefits of IPCP included providing comprehensive patient care, building understanding of each other’s professions and professional growth. Barriers to collaboration centered on limited knowledge of providers’ scopes of training, inadequate communication, work setting, work schedules and providers’ attitudes toward each other and collaboration. Strategies to facilitate IPCP focused on building relationships with providers, establishing regular communication and understanding each other’s scope of training.CONCLUSION Currently, ATs interact with other healthcare providers and have positive perceptions of IPCP. It is recommended that ATs build on the current relationships and aim to enhance them through purposeful communication.
Intensive sea urchin harvest rescales Paracentrotus lividus population structure and threatens self-sustenance
Authors: Ruberti Nicole , Brundu Gianni , Ceccherelli Giulia , Grech Daniele , Guala Ivan , Loi Barbara , Farina Simone
Published: November 2023

The harvest of the edible sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus is intensively practiced in some regions of the Western Mediterranean Sea. The removal of the largest individuals can determine an overall reduction in population size and a size class truncation that can lead to a drastic drop the self-sustenance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the variability of the population reproductive potential across 5 years in one of the main harvest hotspots of Sardinia (Western Mediterranean Sea). The breeding stock consists of commercial and under-commercial size individuals which were sampled on a monthly basis to estimate their GonadoSomatic Index (GSI) and the Individual Gamete Output (IGO). In addition, the reproductive potential of the population—Total Gamete Output (TGO)—was calculated across the 5-year period in relation with the variation of the density of the breeding stock. During the last year, the reproductive potential was also estimated in a well-conserved population of a nearby Marine Protected Area. No significant variability in GSI and IGO was found over the 5 years nor when compared with the ones of protected population in the last year. However, the intensive harvest drastically rescaled the population body-size: although density of the commercial size class remained low, density of the under-commercial size-class halved from the beginning to the end of the study. Accordingly, the proportional decrease of their gamete output contribution led to a 40% loss of the reproductive potential of the whole population in the 5-year period. Interestingly, despite the loss of reproductive potential due to the decrease of the breeding stock density, the average values of IGO slightly increased across the years leading to the highest Annual Gamete Output (AGO) during the fourth year of sampling. This positive pattern could suggest a mechanism of reproductive investments of the survivors in terms of gonad production rate or increase in spawning intensity. This work provides evidence of the direct effect of size-selective harvesting on the rapid loss of population self-sustenance. Furthermore, it lays new prospective for future research of the indirect effects of the rescaling population body-size in functional traits of the sea urchin P. lividus and that could become important for both, sustainable exploitation and ecosystem conservation management.
Gait and dynamic pedobarographic analyses in hallux rigidus patients treated with Keller’s arthroplasty, arthrodesis or cheilectomy 22 years after surgery
Authors: de Bot Robin , Stevens Jasper , Smeets Thijs , Witlox Adhiambo , Beertema Wieske , Hendrickx Roel , Meijer Kenneth , Schotanus Martijn
Published: November 2023

Background

Keller’s arthroplasty, arthrodesis and cheilectomy are well-known surgical interventions for hallux rigidus. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of these surgical interventions on gait, plantar pressure distribution and clinical outcome in patients treated for hallux rigidus 22 years after surgery.

Methods

Spatio-temporal gait parameters and plantar pressure distribution, determined as pressure time integrals (PTIs) and peak pressures (PPs), were analyzed using a 7-foot tone analysis model. Patient-reported outcome was assessed using the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ). Of the 73 patients (89 feet) from the original study, 27 patients (33 feet) and 13 healthy controls (26 feet) were available for evaluation 22 years after hallux rigidus surgery.

Results

Spatio-temporal gait parameters were comparable between all groups and were in line with healthy controls (P > 0.05). No differences (P > 0.05) in PTIs and PPs were found in the seven plantar zones between groups and as compared to healthy controls. MOXFQ scores in all domains (walking/standing, range 21.4–24.1; pain, range 16.5–22.2 and social interaction, range 23.8–35.4) were not clinically and statistically different (P > 0.05) between the three different surgical interventions.

Conclusion

These results suggest no long-term functional and biomechanical differences after these surgical interventions for hallux rigidus correction. The interventions seem to be appropriate treatment options for a selective group of patients with symptomatic hallux rigidus.
Minimally invasive pyeloplasty versus open pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction in infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Min , Xi Yu , Huang Nanxiang , Wang Pengli , Zhang Li , Zhao Mingjia , Pu Siyi
Published: November 2023

Background

To compare the perioperative outcomes and success rates of minimally invasive pyeloplasty (MIP), including laparoscopic and robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty, with open pyeloplasty (OP) in infants.

Materials and Methods

In September 2022, a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases was undertaken. The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, with the study registered prospectively in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022359475).

Results

Eleven studies were included. Dichotomous and continuous variables were presented as odds ratios (OR) and standard mean differences (SMD), respectively, with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Compared to OP, a longer operation time and shorter length of stay were associated with MIP (SMD: 0.96,95% CI: 0.30 to 1.62, p = 0.004, and SMD: −1.12, 95% CI: −1.82 to −0.43, p = 0.002, respectively). No significant differences were found between the MIP and OP in terms of overall postoperative complications (OR:0.84, 95% CI: 0.52 to 1.35, p = 0.47), minor complications (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.40 to 1.42, p = 0.39), or major complications (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.49 to 2.50, p = 0.81). In addition, a lower stent placement rate was related to MIP (OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.47, p = 0.004). There was no statistical difference for success rate between the MIP and OP (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 0.59 to 3.07, p = 0.47). Finally, the results of subgroup analysis were consistent with the above.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis demonstrates that MIP is a feasible and safe alternative to OP for infants, presenting comparable perioperative outcomes and similar success rates, albeit requiring longer operation times. However, it is essential to consider the limitations of our study, including the inclusion of studies with small sample sizes and the combination of both prospective and retrospective research designs.
Long-term toxicity of chlorpromazine, diclofenac and two lanthanides on three generations of Ceriodaphnia dubia
Authors: Gylytė Brigita , Martinyuk Viktoria , Cimmperman Reda , Karitonas Rolandas , Stoliar Oksana , Manusadžianas Levonas
Published: November 2023

Amultigenerational study on Ceriodaphnia dubia was carried out by exposing three subsequent generations to pharmaceuticals chlorpromazine (CPZ) and diclofenac (DCF), and two lanthanide chlorides, gadolinium as GdCl3 and europium as EuCl3. As the treatments, environmentally relevant concentrations were chosen (0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mg/L for CPZ; 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/L for DCF; 0.425, 4.25 and 42.5 µg/L for Gd and 0.41, 4.1 and 41 µg/L for Eu). Survival, population growth and reproduction success were evaluated at 21 and 30 days of exposure, and the whole observation period lasted 40 days. The least sensitive to all selected substances was the first daphnid generation (F1). Within 21-day exposure, no significant effects of the psychotropic drug CPZ on C. dubia survival were observed in generations F1–F3. The anti-inflammatory drug DCF did not affect survival in the F1 generation; however, it significantly reduced survival in the F3 generation at 1–10 mg/L. Both lanthanides did not affect survival in the F1 and F2 generations of C. dubia but considerably decreased survival in the F3 at 4–42 µg/L. Both pharmaceuticals stimulated the reproduction of C. dubia in the F1 generation, while inhibition occurred at the highest tested concentrations in generations F2 and F3. The inhibitory effect on the reproductive success of lanthanides in the F2 generation resembled that for CPZ but not for DCF. The dynamics of adverse effects during the 21–30-day period revealed that despite increased mortality in the controls (up to 30%), concentrations used in the study minified, in most instances, the survival and aggravated population growth and reproduction success of C. dubia. Our data suggest that C. dubia as a test organism can be used for 21 days in multigenerational investigations, especially when testing close to environmental concentrations. In this respect, the standard C. dubia chronic toxicity assay seems limited since prolonged observations and several generations of daphnids are required to obtain reliable information for the risk assessment of potentially aggressive chemicals.
Allometric Aboveground Biomass Models for Northern Delhi Ridge Forest
Authors: Tripathi Mayank , Joshi Hema
Published: November 2023

Bio energy obtained through forest biomass is a promising renewable energy option that provides a more environmentally sustainable alternative to fossil resources by reducing the net flux of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. India, a developing nation is also in the process of building forest biomass models to study the potential of forests in short and long - term carbon mitigation. Earlier, traditional and destructive sampling were the popular methods for the aforesaid purpose. Recently, non - destructive methods have been adopted applying different allometric equations mostly developed outside India. Thus, there was a need to develop non- destructive allometric aboveground (AGB) models complementing the Indian climate. Also, there was a scarcity of domestic/local AGB models for arid, semi- arid, northern tropical thorn forest of India. The objectives of this study were to develop site-specific and mixed- species allometric models to predict AGB, at the Northern Delhi Ridge Forest (NDRF) using nonlinear mathematical functions. The model has a wide scope and can be applied to adjoining areas as well having similar climatic conditions. Three allometric combinations were tried to fit the aboveground biomass data obtained from the ridge forest. A three- parametric Richard’s model (with predictor variable x=D2H) was best fitted to AGB (R2adj= 0.9463) values for larger trees. Meanwhile, for juvenile plants, a three- parametric Richard function was best fitted (R2adj= 0.9733) when (x = DH) was used as a predictor variable. Cross- validation of model parameters exhibited statistical stability.
Effect of Thermophysical Seed Treatments on Plant Growth, Yield and Diseases Incidence in Bell Pepper
Authors: Ruchika  , Bharat Narender K. , Sharma Anu
Published: November 2023

The experiment was conducted to extrapolate the effect of different thermophysical seed treatments on plant growth, yield and disease incidence in bell pepper cv. Solan Bharpur. Ten treatments based on temperature-duration combinations of different thermophysical seed treatments viz., hot water seed treatment (49°C/45 min, 49°C/60 min and 50°C/60 min), hot air seed treatment (72°C/24 h, 72°C/36 h and 74°C/48 h) and microwave seed treatment (5 s, 10 s and 15 s at 900 Micro power level) along with untreated (control) were used for raising nursery and field transplantation. Under field conditions, the maximum values w.r.t. plant height, avg. fruit weight, no. of fruit per plant, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per plot, fruit yield per ha, harvest duration and minimum values w.r.t. days to first marketable picking, incidence of diseases like Anthracnose, Cercospora leaf spot and Phytophthora rot were recorded in hot water seed treatment at 50°C/60 min. The incidence of virus diseases was recorded lowest in hot air seed treatment at 74°C/48 h in bell pepper cv. Solan Bharpur.
Effect of Inhaling of Perfume on the Blood of Human Healthy Male Using Electrochemical Method by Cyclic Voltammetry
Authors: Hassoon Hind Jaber , Radhi Muhammed Mizher , Obaid Asmaa Abdulsattar
Published: November 2023

All people in the world were used perfume in different manufactures and marker, in this study, we wanted to be found the effect of continues using of perfume and still inhaling these compound on the human healthy by electrochemical analysis using cyclic voltammetry. In the scientific knowledge, the inhaling of perfume by breathed and then reach to the blood stream through lungs and pulmonary alveoli passing to the blood vessels. The study focused on the   oxidation – reduction peaks current of the cyclic voltammogram which can be found from the perfume in healthy blood of male samples. It was found from the results that many oxidation peaks current appeared in the cyclic voltammogram in the blood medium with presence of the perfume, also, in different concentration, and different temperatures were studied, so all perfume compound were effected on the blood components of the male. The oxidative effect of the perfume on blood medium which may be caused the damage of blood components through the continuance of using it and appeared a risk cases of different diseases. the advices for correct using of the perfume in a little amount and in limited using every day, also avoid using the perfume to the patients with high fever.
Notifications of Leptospirosis in the State of Ceará - Brazil, from 2013 to 2019: Profile of Cases and Factors Associated with the Incidence
Authors: Carneiro Renara Régia Rocha , Prado Guilherme Mendes , Prado Júlio César Sousa , Macêdo Jardna Diniz
Published: November 2023

Objective: This study proposes an epidemiological analysis and distribution of human cases of leptospirosis reported in the State of Ceará, from 2013 to 2019.

Methods: Descriptive study, with data on leptospirosis accidents reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System between 2013 and 2019.

Results: 344 cases and 24 deaths were reported, with emphasis on the second two months (41%), corresponding to an average annual incidence of 0.54/105 inhabitants and a fatality rate equal to 2.2% per year, directly related to rainfall rates. Of those affected by the disease, 72% were aged 20 to 59, 76% were men, 88% considered themselves black, 39% were residents of urban areas and 59% did not report their education; 87% were diagnosed using clinical-laboratory criteria and 76% were cured.

Conclusion: There was an increase in reports of leptospirosis associated with rainfall, mainly affecting the economically active population, most of whom live on the social margins.
How Affective Relationships and Classroom Norms Shape Perceptions of Aggressor, Victim, and Defender Roles
Authors: Lintner Tomáš , Klocek Adam , Ropovik Ivan , Kollerová Lenka
Published: January 2025

Reputational peer nominations are a common method for measuring involvement in aggression‐related behaviors, encompassing the roles of aggressor, victim, and defender, but may be influenced by students' affective (dis)liking relationships. This social network study investigated whether dyad‐ and group‐level (dis)liking relationships affect perceptions of classmates' involvement in physical aggression and explored the moderating roles of classroom moral disengagement and defending norms. The study employed a longitudinal design with two time points 6 months apart, encompassing 27 classrooms and 632 early adolescents. Using multiplex stochastic actor‐oriented modeling, we found that liking, but not disliking, significantly influenced perceptions. Liking a classmate increased the likelihood of perceiving them as a defender. Moreover, students' own perceptions (aggressor, victim, and defender nominations) were shaped by the perceptions of classmates they liked, while classroom moral disengagement reduced this influence for defender nominations. Results on classroom defending norms were mixed. Our findings underscore the importance of accounting for students' liking relationships and classroom‐level norms to reduce bias in peer nominations and improve the accuracy of assessments of aggression‐related behaviors.
Hybrid Liquid Metal/Ionic Nanocomposite Transparent Electrodes for Highly Stretchable Electroluminescent Matrix Displays
Authors: Fang Ting , Zhang Jiaxue , Cao Shitai , Lu Qianying , Pan Yue , Yang Kairui , Wu Ming , Sun Yuping , Wang Xiaoliang , Kong Desheng , Lu Yan‐qing
Published: January 2025

Emerging intrinsically stretchable electroluminescent displays have the potential to transform future smart wearables by seamlessly integrating light‐emitting capabilities with mechanical deformability. A significant challenge in constructing these devices is the lack of compliant transparent electrodes that possess excellent optoelectronic properties. This study presents a design concept for hybrid transparent electrodes that consist of liquid metal frames surrounding transparent ionic nanocomposite fluids. This electrode harnesses the highly conductive liquid metal component, achieving a low sheet resistance of just a few ohms even under extreme uniaxial and biaxial deformations. The central emitting region boasts an impressive optical transmittance of 96.6% at 465 nm thanks to the ionic nanocomposite. As a result, the overall optical transmittance of the entire electrode remains at 81.6% at 465 nm, even when including the opaque liquid metal frame. Stretchable matrix displays have been fabricated through a scalable process, demonstrating uniform luminous intensity, excellent deformability, and exceptional durability. This device can be bent, twisted, stretched, and conformed to curved surfaces, rendering it suitable for diverse applications. The hybrid transparent electrode developed here represents a promising design of mixed electron and ion conductors for advancing stretchable optoelectronic devices.
Radiation Resistance Investigation of Hybrid Ultramicroporous Materials for Highly Efficient CO2/Xe and CO2/Kr Separation in Spent Nuclear Fuel Off‐Gas
Authors: Chen Bin , Liu Shizhen , Wang Yongzheng , Cao Tian , Chen Liyun , Miao Liangliang , Wu Shan , Ma Heping
Published: January 2025

Radiation‐resistant nanoporous adsorbent that can realize absolute CO2/Xe (Kr) separation without Xe and Kr loss is crucial, but yet to be achieved for accurate and reliable nuclear fuel burnup analysis. Herein, two hybrid ultramicroporous materials (NbOFFIVE‐1‐Ni and TIFSIX‐3‐Co) are presented for highly efficient CO2/Xe and CO2/Kr separation in the nuclear reprocessing off‐gas. Nearly complete CO2/Xe (Kr) molecular sieving separations are achieved in NbOFFIVE‐1‐Ni with CO2/Xe and CO2/Kr selectivities both exceeding 11 000 before and after 50 kGy irradiation. Total photon cross sections of different elements, coordination number, and crystal orbital overlap population calculation that combines atoms, chemical bonds, and crystal structure are used to analyze the radiation stability of the hybrid ultramicroporous materials. Furthermore, the dynamic breakthrough and desorption measurement confirmed the ultra‐low Xe (Kr) loss ratio (0.24% for Xe and 0.3% for Kr) of NbOFFIVE‐1‐Ni adsorbent under simulated reprocessing off‐gas separation. This work not only provides a benchmark CO2/Xe (Kr) adsorbent for reliable nuclear fuel burnup analysis but also proposes a new perspective to understand the radiation stability of hybrid ultramicroporous materials.
Multifunctional Reconfigurable Electromagnetic Metamaterials Based on Compression‐Torsion Coupling Structures for Transmission Modulations and Holographic Displays
Authors: He Shuchang , Yao Xincheng , Tao Jie , Wang Kai , Tang Haishan , Wang Chengjun , Gao Fei , Wang Zuojia , Song Jizhou
Published: January 2025

Mechanically controlled reconfigurable electromagnetic metamaterials that can dynamically modulate their electromagnetic properties by simple mechanical compression/stretch hold great potential in wavefront control, tunable filtering, and holographic display. Undesired operating frequency shift and difficult independent controlling of unit cells in existing mechanically controlled reconfigurable metamaterials greatly limit their wide developments. Here, a multifunctional reconfigurable electromagnetic metamaterial based on a compression‐torsion coupling structure with the unit cell featuring a split‐ring resonator, a pair of parallel square frames, and four inclined beams between the frames, is reported. The unit cells can be globally or selectively compressed to induce the uniform or patterned in‐plane rotations of split‐ring resonators, enabling the multifunctionalities of electromagnetic transmission modulation and holographic display, which are not easily accessible by existing mechanically controlled electromagnetic metamaterials based on in‐plane compression and tension schemes. Numerical and experimental studies are carried out to reveal the design and operation of reconfigurable metamaterials enabled by the compression‐torsion coupling structure. Demonstrations of the metamaterials in modulating the transmittance of linearly polarized waves with stable resonant frequencies and multi‐imaged holographic display functions illustrate the versatility and feasibility of compression‐torsion strategy in realizing multifunctional electromagnetic metamaterials.
Polymorphs of the n‐Type Polymer P(NDI2OD‐T2): A Comprehensive Description of the Impact of Processing on Crystalline Morphology and Charge Transport
Authors: Karunasena Chamikara , Thurston Jonathan R. , Chaney Thomas P. , Li Hong , Risko Chad , Coropceanu Veaceslav , Toney Michael F. , Bredas Jean‐Luc
Published: January 2025

A systematic study of the polymorphs emerging in P(NDI2OD‐T2) (also commercially known as N2200), a prototypical organic semiconducting n‐type polymer, is presented. Using a tightly integrated experimental and computational approach, detailed atomistic‐level descriptions are provided investigating the three known P(NDI2OD‐T2) polymorphs observed at room temperature as a function of thin‐film processing. Importantly, over the course of the work, a missing link is uncovered, a fourth polymorph referred to here as Form I‐𝜷; this new form is a morphological intermediary observed upon thermal annealing, which evolves from Form I but tends to disappear upon full polymer chain melting. The computationally derived polymorph structures show excellent agreement with experimental X‐ray scattering characterization. The relative stabilities of each polymorph are calculated in terms of both the bulk material and the polymorph‐air interface. An energy landscape is then constructed to qualitatively compare the thermodynamic versus kinetic origins of each polymorph, and the factors driving (supra)assembly and associated transformations among polymorphs using an approach generalizable to other organic semiconducting polymers. Lastly, the relationships among preferential polymorphic crystallinity, relative chain orientations, and directional charge transport properties in P(NDI2OD‐T2) are explored. Overall, this work provides unprecedented insights into complex structure‐processing‐transport relationships in a representative semiconducting organic polymer.
A Multifunctional Surface Modifier Capable of Stabilizing 5.0 V Graphite Cathode via Reinforced Mechanical Strength and Preferential Anion Adsorption
Authors: Li Yuqing , Xiong Weixing , Qu Qunting , Shao Jie , Wang Longfei , Wang Ru , Yan Ying , Zheng Honghe
Published: January 2025

With the ever‐increasing demand for high power and high energy batteries, extensive researches devote to high voltage cathode materials. Graphite cathode‐based dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) possess the unique advantages of high working voltage (≈4.5−5.0) and high power, but still suffer from low coulombic efficiency and poor long‐term stability mainly resulted by the serious oxidative decomposition of electrolytes and significant structural deterioration of graphite cathode. From the perspectives of simultaneously reinforcing the mechanical strength of graphite cathode and suppressing the decomposition of electrolytes via a cathode/electrolyte interphase (CEI), polyacrylic acid (PAA) is adopted as the surface modifier of natural graphite (NG). The mechanical stability of graphite cathode is significantly improved by virtue of the bonding interaction between PAA and binder, which is validated through both theoretical calculation and experimental observation. In addition, PAA contributes to the formation of a LiF‐rich and homogeneous CEI through the preferential adsorption of anions, and effectively mitigates the cointercalation and decomposition of solvent. As the cathode material of DIBs, NG@PAA manifests fast charge/discharge capability and outstanding capacity retention of 73.9% after 8000 cycles. This work provides a surface modification strategy for optimizing the performance of electrode materials from multiple perspectives.
Oriented Cortical‐Bone‐Like Silk Protein Lamellae Effectively Repair Large Segmental Bone Defects in Pigs
Authors: Shuai Yajun , Yang Tao , Zheng Meidan , Zheng Li , Wang Jie , Mao Chuanbin , Yang Mingying
Published: January 2025

Assembling natural proteins into large, strong, bone‐mimetic scaffolds for repairing bone defects in large‐animal load‐bearing sites remain elusive. Here this challenge is tackled by assembling pure silk fibroin (SF) into 3D scaffolds with cortical‐bone‐like lamellae, superior strength, and biodegradability through freeze‐casting. The unique lamellae promote the attachment, migration, and proliferation of tissue‐regenerative cells (e.g., mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs] and human umbilical vein endothelial cells) around them, and are capable of developing in vitro into cortical‐bone organoids with a high number of MSC‐derived osteoblasts. High‐SF‐content lamellar scaffolds, regardless of MSC inoculation, regenerated more bone than non‐lamellar or low‐SF‐content lamellar scaffolds. They accelerated neovascularization by transforming macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype, promoting bone regeneration to repair large segmental bone defects (LSBD) in minipigs within three months, even without growth factor supplements. The bone regeneration can be further enhanced by controlling the orientation of the lamella to be parallel to the long axis of bone during implantation. This work demonstrates the power of oriented lamellar bone‐like protein scaffolds in repairing LSBD in large animal models.
Biopolymer‐Derived Carbon Materials for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Jin Jiongke , Ma Haoxuan , Liang Huarun , Zhang Yingying
Published: January 2025

Advanced carbon materials are widely utilized in wearable electronics. Nevertheless, the production of carbon materials from fossil‐based sources raised concerns regarding their non‐renewability, high energy consumption, and the consequent greenhouse gas emissions. Biopolymers, readily available in nature, offer a promising and eco‐friendly alternative as a carbon source, enabling the sustainable production of carbon materials for wearable electronics. This review aims to discuss the carbonization mechanisms, carbonization techniques, and processes, as well as the diverse applications of biopolymer‐derived carbon materials (BioCMs) in wearable electronics. First, the characteristics of four representative biopolymers, including cellulose, lignin, chitin, and silk fibroin, and their carbonization processes are discussed. Then, typical carbonization techniques, including pyrolysis carbonization, laser‐induced carbonization, Joule heating carbonization, hydrothermal transformation, and salt encapsulation carbonization are discussed. The influence of the processes on the morphology and properties of the resultant BioCMs are summarized. Subsequently, applications of BioCMs in wearable devices, including physical sensors, chemical sensors, energy devices, and display devices are discussed. Finally, the challenges currently facing the field and the future opportunities are discussed.
Transforming Adsorbate Surface Dynamics in Aqueous Electrocatalysis: Pathways to Unconstrained Performance
Authors: Do Viet‐Hung , Lee Jong‐Min
Published: January 2025

Developing highly efficient catalysts to accelerate sluggish electrode reactions is critical for the deployment of sustainable aqueous electrochemical technologies, yet remains a great challenge. Rationally integrating functional components to tailor surface adsorption behaviors and adsorbate dynamics would divert reaction pathways and alleviate energy barriers, eliminating conventional thermodynamic constraints and ultimately optimizing energy flow within electrochemical systems. This approach has, therefore, garnered significant interest, presenting substantial potential for developing highly efficient catalysts that simultaneously enhance activity, selectivity, and stability. The immense promise and rapid evolution of this design strategy, however, do not overshadow the substantial challenges and ambiguities that persist, impeding the realization of significant breakthroughs in electrocatalyst development. This review explores the latest insights into the principles guiding the design of catalytic surfaces that enable favorable adsorbate dynamics within the contexts of hydrogen and oxygen electrochemistry. Innovative approaches for tailoring adsorbate‐surface interactions are discussed, delving into underlying principles that govern these dynamics. Additionally, perspectives on the prevailing challenges are presented and future research directions are proposed. By evaluating the core principles and identifying critical research gaps, this review seeks to inspire rational electrocatalyst design, the discovery of novel reaction mechanisms and concepts, and ultimately, advance the large‐scale implementation of electroconversion technologies.
Local Tuning of the Epsilon‐Near‐Zero Condition in Hybrid Silicon Waveguides Using Reactive Laser Annealing
Authors: Navarro‐Arenas Juan , Howe Thomas M. , Parra Jorge , Koutsogeorgis Demosthenes C. , Hillier James A. , Kalfagiannis Nikolaos , Sanchis Pablo
Published: January 2025

The ability for locally tuning devices in photonic integrated circuits could be an essential function for a wide range of applications requiring reconfigurable photonics. This work demonstrates the application of postgrowth reactive laser annealing to selectively tune the optical properties of tin‐doped indium oxide (ITO) patches integrated in silicon waveguides. ITO stands out due to its distinctive ability to operate in the epsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) regime at near‐infrared wavelengths. The precise local tuning of the ENZ wavelength in ITO/Si hybrid waveguides by controlling the laser annealing fluence is demonstrated. This technique uniquely allows for the customization of optical constants at critical telecom wavelengths. The findings present a powerful and adaptable method to exploit the exceptional qualities of ITO and, by extension, other transparent conducting oxides, paving the way for the functional diversification of hybrid photonic devices on a singular‐silicon chip.
Combined Electrooxidation and Proline Catalysis for Asymmetric Formal Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Benzylic Alcohols with Ketones
Authors: Pu Hong‐Ping , Long Chao‐Jiu , Liu Zhe‐Kai , Guan Zhi , He Yan‐Hong
Published: January 2025

This article presents a method for asymmetric formal cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of benzylic alcohols with ketones through combined electrooxidation and organocatalysis. Employing inexpensive and environmentally friendly proline as a chiral organocatalyst, various benzylic alcohols and simple ketones serve as substrates to directly obtain diverse chiral β‐hydroxycarbonyl compounds with moderate to good yields (up to 85%) and excellent stereoselectivity (up to 99% ee and 99:1 dr). The reaction proceeds under mild conditions at room temperature in air, without oxidants or additives, demonstrating robust functional group tolerance and atom efficiency. Hydrogen gas released at the cathode is the sole byproduct. Using L‐ or D‐proline allows straightforward access to both chiral configurations of β‐hydroxycarbonyl compounds.