bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of alcoholic extract of rosmarinus against some type of entrobacteriaceae
Authors: Ashwak Ibrahim Basheer
Published: April 2023

Background : In this study the alcoholic extract of rosemary leaves was used to know their inhibition on the growth of some pathogenic bacteria : Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus mirabilis in Muller agar using different concentrations of this alcoholic extract( 200 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml). The mean of inhibition zone were measured, and the most effective concentration was on the following bacteria Salmonella typhi , E. coli, P. aeruginosa,  P. mirablis and K. pneumonia respectively, and when ever the concentration of extract was increasing , the mean of inhibition was increased .
It was concluded from the results of this study and other similar studies that the natural herbs were able to control the pathogenic microorganism which were resistant to antibiotic, in addition to the important role of these herbs to develop an effective drugs which are safe and cheap .
The aim
The main aim of this research was to find out the inhibitory effect of the alcoholic extract of this plant on the following microorganisms:
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus mirabilis.
Methods
The strains which are used in this study have been cultured on Mueller Hinton agar then alcoholic extracts of Rosmarinus at concentration 200 mg/ml were added to the agar then the inhibitory effects were considered by measuring the inhibition zone.  
Results
This results shows that  inhibitory effect of alcoholic extract was more effective on Salmonella typhimurium then E.coli. P.aeruginosa, P.mirabilis and K.pneumonia respectively.
High effect of the alcoholic extracts of plant Rosmarinus on the different type of bacteria investigation of presence of active compounds (Alkaloids, Glycoside, Tannins, Saponine, Resine and Flavonoids) in this plant were carried out.
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, Cytomegalovirus and Rubella virus among aborted women in Samarra city
Authors: Sinai Najy Muhsin AL-doury
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study is to determine seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, CMV and Rubella virus for 158 aborted women in Samarra General Hospital through period from January to December 2016. The prevalence of T. gondii was 14.6%, CMV 10.8%, Rubella virus 8.2% and common Toxo. & CMV was 9.5%. Also, the present  study showed that infection with each of T. gondii, CMV and Rubella were highest (24.2%, 15.2%, 15.2% respectively) in age group 21-30 years old, while common infection with Toxo. & CMV was highest 11.8% in age group 14-20 years old. The  seroprevalence  results were for anti-Toxo. IgM was 7%, IgG was 3.2%,  and  IgM & IgG was 4.4%, anti-CMV IgM was 5.7%, IgG was 1.9%, and IgG & IgM was 3.2% and anti-Rubella IgM 3.8%, IgG 1.9%, and IgG & IgM was 2.5%. While the seroprevalence  of  both  Toxo. & CMV was anti-Toxo. IgG & anti-CMV IgM was 0.63%, anti-Toxo. IgM & anti-CMV IgM was 2.5%, anti-Toxo. IgG & anti-CMV IgG & IgM was 1.9%, anti-Toxo. IgM & anti-CMV IgG & IgM was 3.2% and anti - Toxo. IgM & anti-CMV IgG was 1.3%.
Evalution of Inhibin B and some Sexual Hormones Levels in men with Atherosclerosis Kirkuk city
Authors: Layla Abd-Al-Sattar Sadiq Laylani
Published: April 2023

The study designed to evaluate the inhibin B and sexual hormones levels with atherosclerosis. One hundred volunteers resecived at private laboratory between 4/2017 to 7/2017in Kirkuk city (eighty volunteers with atherosclerosis and twenty apparently healthy subjects) were used. Then, volunteers divided to two groups. The first group was including apparently healthy and the second group was including patients (Wt:70-90 kg and age average 50-65 years). Laboratory diagnosis showed a decrease in inhibin B, Testosterone, Lutenizing hormone (LH) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in patient group. Moreover, all parameter levels showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in all patients compare with all healthy subject group. It was concluded from this study that the atherosclerosis may led to decrease in an inhibin B and sexual hormones levels.
Serpentinite Rocks of Mawat Ophiolite Complex, Northeastern Iraq, Beetwat Village: 1-Petrography and Diffractometry
Authors: Mohsin Mohammed Ghazal  , Abdulsalam Mahdi Salih  , Abdulhadi Hamad Mohammed
Published: April 2023

The Mawat ophiolite complex is of Cretaceous period as a residue of oceanic crust covers about 200 km2, Northeastern Iraq.. The serpentinite rocks are exposed as a diapir in the northeastern suture Zagros zone of Iraq near Beetwat village, The field study and petrography reveal two types of serpentinite, the shear and massive, with three serpentine varieties. The serpentinite rocks are affected by secondary processes such as diagenesis, metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration in different degrees. Some common Textures in these rocks are pseudomorphic such as mesh or sieve textures, glass hour and bastite texture. Nonpsedomorphic textures appear also in these rocks such as interpenetrating fibrous, interlocking textures. Mineralogically, the massive serpentine minerals are lizardite and chrysotile that affected by recrystalization and replacement of lizardite. The (XRD) analysis explain that the serpentine is composed of lizardite, chrysotile, antigorite, in addition to amphibole minerals (anthophyllite and tremolite), chlorite talc, and opaque minerals as chromite.
Preparation of porous silicon Wafers using sun light photo chemical etching (SLPCE)
Authors: I. K. Jassim  , A. Y. Khudair  , H. Asker k
Published: April 2023

porous Silicon (PS) Layers were prepared by photochemical etching  using Sun Light as a Source of energy for the first time instead of  industrial Sources of light Such as Lasers, Halogen and tungsten lamps. That was used to preparation (PS) by photochemical etching. Silicon Wafers n-type (100), resistivity (10Ω.cm), (40%) HF Acid, with different illumination intensities(power density) (1758, 3956, 6182 and 8902)mw /cm2 were obtained using different Lenses with different diameters (40, 60, 75 and 90) mm, focal length (13,18,41,45) cm respectively and constant etching time (60min). The morphology of the surface was studied by using an (atomic force microscope) (AFM) and (scanning electron microscope) (SEM) results shows formation of groups of pores and crystals in (nm)size with different diminution are distributed in etched area  in wavy forms. The thickness of  porous  layers ranged from (50.06 3.68, 3.79 and 3.39) nm and the diameter of the particles are(84.06, 59.42, 51.12 and 34.8)nm respectively. The current voltage characteristics for ALthin/n-si/PS/ALthin device fabricated by sun light photochemical etching technique showed a rectifying behavior which improved with increasing light intensity.
PERFORMING AN ANALYSIS OF ARRAY WAVEGUIDE (AWG) MULTIPLEXER BASED ON AN OPTICAL NETWORK
Authors: Hussein Ahmed Ali
Published: April 2023

Rapid advances in optical technology have created potential solutions for enabling high capacity networks. The main problem in optical communication in the Ministry of Communication at the  Republic of  Iraq is dedicating a small bandwidth for each user. Most of the previous works have focused on modifying the characteristics of Array Waveguide Multiplexer (AWG) in the designing level. However, designing of optical communication is expensive which makes these efforts unpractically. Therefore, to develop multi-target communication over the current infrastructure, this paper investigates the performance of the AWG at the components level. In the beginning, an analysis is performed of an AWG at data rates of (8×40Gb/s, over 242.5km fiber optic link) with minimum system impairments. The presence of (Passive/Active) components is taken into considerations. The evaluation is performed using Optisystem software simulation package. By adopting (4.0402dBm) total input signal power, the simulation has achieved (0.3545dBm) total output signal power, (-3.6856dbm) total gain, (1.4248dBm) total output noise, and the average power is (-6.4255dBm). Furthermore, the transmission rates are successfully transmitted delivered in a low-cost infrastructure. Moreover, with the presence of multiple users on a single link, the transmission is performed with a high rapidity in addition to a minimum error. Consequently, the simulations can be applied to the existing fiber communication networks with ultimate reduction of the cost and operational expenditure for the overall network system.
A Relation between π Generalized Pre Connectedness and π Generalized Supra Connectedness In Intuitionistic Fuzzy Topological Space
Authors: Omer S Mustfa
Published: April 2023

The aim of this paper is to give the concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy  generalized pre connectedness with study its properties. Finally we study the relation between intuitionistic fuzzy  generalized pre connectedness and intuitionistic fuzzy  generalized supra connectedness in intuitionistic fuzzy topological space .
Electron Microscope Evaluation of late changes in the nerve fibers and neurons induced by Sciatic nerve section in rabbits
Authors: Ban Ismael Sedeeq  , Ayad Hammeed Ibrahim  , Abul Kareem Salem Mahood
Published: April 2023

The aim of the study was to demonstrate late changes occurs after Sciatic nerve section [nerve fibers and their associated neurons]. Five adult rabbits were used in this study. Sciatic nerve was sectioned under general anesthesia. After ninety days, all animals were sacrificed and samples were taken from ventral horn of spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion at L₇ segment level and from sciatic nerve for electron microscope evaluation. The results revealed different changes include: separation of the myelin sheath lamellae within ventral horn, the Nissl bodies were scattered within sensory neuron thoughout the cytoplasm specially at the periphery, the cytoplasm contain numerous closed vesicles of different size associated with endoplasmic tubules and the myelin sheath usually forming a loop, axons seemed relatively smaller than normal. All of which are common features of axonal atrophy
Effect of aquatic and alcoholic extracts Nigella sativa seeds on liver and kidney functions and efficacy in the blood of males albino rats
Authors: Adnan Mohammed Ahmeed Aldulaimi
Published: April 2023

The study carried out to investigate the effect of orally feeding from each Nigella sativa aqueous and alcoholic extracts at 50 and 100 mg/kg concentration of animal body weight liver and kidney functions parameters in male rats for 21 days. Randomly divided in to (5) groups, each group included (5) animals..The results showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in Urea, ALP, ALT and AST. led to a significant increase (p<0.05) in total protein, albumin, globulin with the increased concentration of extract, when compared with values in control group. The study concluded that, the aquatic and alcoholic extracts Nigella sativa seeds did not give any effects toxicity on liver and kidney functions in male rats.
The Relation between Kidney Injury Molecule -1 and its role as promising biomarker in kidney stone patients
Authors: Mohammed Abdullah Ajeel  , Zaid Mohammed Mubarak Al-Mahdawi
Published: April 2023

Urea and creatinine is the most sensitive markers of  Kidney Diseases progression in clinical practice, especially when combined with GFR, but these have  limitations. Hence, early, more sensitive, biomarkers are required. Recently, promising biomarkers have been identified for CKD progression such as kim-1 has been investigated as a novel biomarkers of kidney diseases progression. This study aimed to evaluate urinary Kidney Injury Molecule-1(KIM-1) in kidney stone patients.75 patients diagnosed with renal stone diseases and all patients were screened and followed up in the out-patients clinics in Salah Adin general hospital. controls were represented by 15 healthy volunteers. KIM-1, levels shows no significant changes within patients groups while shows that the KIM-1 levels were significantly increased in stone patients when compared with the healthy controls (P˂0.05). Total protein and S. Albumin levels significantly decreased in patients group compared to the controls levels while there was no significant changes within patients group. The current results suggest that  KIM-1 can consider as promising biomarker for diagnosis, clinical progression and investigations for kidney stone diseases.”
Prophylactic role of lactic acid prepared from lactobacillus acidophilus on cryptosporidiosis
Authors: Tawfiq I. Al-alousi  , Abdullah H. Abdullah  , Mayson M. Jasim
Published: April 2023

Cryptosporidium has considered as a prominent enteropathogen of humans and animals. Until recently, there is no totally effective therapy other than a healthy intact immune system. Probiotics reported to stimulate both innate and acquired immunity at mucosal and systemic levels. It has been suggested that probiotics inhibit infection by excretion of substances harmful to one of the parasite’s developmental stages and possibly offer new therapeutic factors for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis .The aim of the present study was to detect the prophylactic effect of lactic acid prepared by Lactobacilli acidophillus against the infection with Cryptosporidium in an rabbits model, by estimating hematological and immunological criteria. The results showed that the using of probiotics induced significant reduction in parasite burden, lymphocyte numbers were increased significantly in infected and treated animals. There is a significant increase in the level of IgG ,IgM , C3 and C4 in infected animals.
Analytical study releasing the new of Prodrug (Paracetamol - Naproxen) using Uv-vis spectrophotometric method
Authors: Hamad A. Abdullah  , Fadam M. Abdoon  , Hanaa K. Saleh
Published: April 2023

This study aims to compose an effective ester Prodrug as well as reducing or removing the side effects of it and to Study of Naproxen release from the Prodrug. This is represented by the following steps:
Preparing of Naproxen acid chloride from Naproxen by reacting it with Thionyl Chloride then Preparing of ester group from the reaction of hydroxyl group of paracetamol and the acid chloride of Naproxen.
The structural formulas of the prepared compounds were characterized using spectral methods (FTIR,H-NMR and C13-NMR) then  the studying of the release for the drug was conducted in acidic and basic medium pH (4, 10). The study showed that the speed of release in the basic medium was faster than that in the acidic medium. So most of the release process will take place in the intestine and not in the stomach.
Study Levels of Some Biochemical Parameters in Serum of Pancreatic Cancer Patients
Authors: Layla A. Mustafa  , Zena A. Mohammad
Published: April 2023

This study included an estimation for the levels of some biochemical parameters in the serum of those pancreatic cancer patients, by collecting (40) blood samples from patients their ages ranged (30-70) years compared with (55) blood samples of healthy persons as control group. The parameters included Super oxide dismutase, Amylase, Ribonuclease (acidic and alkaline), Arylesterase, Alkaline phosphatease, Carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, Total lipid and Bilirubin Results of the Statistical analysis indicated a significant decrease in the activity of Amylase and Super oxide dismutase patients in comparison with the control group. There was a significant increase in the activity of Ribonuclease (acidic and alkaline), Arylesterase, Alkaline phosphatease, Carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, Total lipid and Bilirubin in patients in comparison with the control group.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Sulphadiazine Using 2,4 –dinitrophenylhydrazine as Coupling Reagent
Authors: Najlaa Abd AL Salam Ahmed  , Ali Ibraheem Khaleel
Published: April 2023

A rapid, sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method was developed for determination of sulphadiazine   in aqueous solution. The method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) in a basic medium in the presence of potassium periodate to produce an intense orange colour product, soluble in water, stable and absorbs at 486 nm. The linearity of Beer's law is in the range 3-15μg/ml of sulphadiazine. The molar absorptivity, Sandellʼs sensitivity index, and detection limit were 2.23x104liter.mol-1. cm-1, 0.0222 μg.cm-2 and 0.0307μg/ml respectively. The RSD value was 0.506 – 0.116 % depending on the concentration value. This method is applied successfully to the determination of sulphadiazine veterinary injection liquid solution (VAPCOTRIM) with average recovery of not less than 99.5%.
Estimation of Groundwater Recharge Using Chloride Mass Balance (CMB) Unconfined Aquifer in Kirkuk Sub-Basin/ NE Iraq
Authors: Omer Sabah Ibrahiem Al-Tamimi
Published: April 2023

An estimation of groundwater recharge for the unconfined aquifer in Kirkuk - Iraq sub-basin, has been conducted using chloride mass balance method by measuring the monthly chloride concentration in monthly basis for rainy (wet) season 2015-2016 , samples have been selected from 44 water wells scattered in the region of interest ,the results shown that the groundwater recharge is about 15.6% from the total annual precipitation (304.3 mm) where the total recharge reached ~ 47.5 mm, moreover an additional source of fresh water is feeding the region of interest represented by Kirkuk irrigation channel ,the discharge is nearly 7 m3/sec for 360 days ( 218 MCM/Year). the total amout of recharge to Kirkuk sub-basin is equal to 411 MCM/Year. The discharges of Al-Khassa river which crossed the central parts of ROI, were neglected because the river became controlled by Al-Khassa dam which was recently constructed at the northern border of the ROI which represented by Kirkuk structure. The present study is recommended to use this source of renewal water through strategic plan where additional comprehnsive hydrologic studies and aquifer modeling are needed to prevent the groundwater depleting in the region.
The phenomenon of magnetic vortices superconducting for (Sr2RuO4)
Authors: Hussein Ali Mohammed
Published: April 2023

The study of superconducting vortices have been describes by a series of magnetometry experiments conducted on unconventional superconductors which is Sr2RuO4, using Scanning Hall probe microscopy technique (SHPM) (Tc ≈ 1.5 K). In this study have numerous samples as well propose that the vortex behaviour is modiﬁed with little amounts of disorder. Experimentally the better chips show a clear ﬁeld driven triangular to square vortex lattice transition at low ﬁelds, as predicted by extended London theory calculations. In stark disparity, somewhat less well-ordered chips exhibit pronounced vortex chaining banding that which tentatively attribute to an extrinsic source of disorder.
Fabrication of Stirling Engine and study its characteristics
Authors: Yaseen H. Mahmood  , Hayder M. Abed
Published: April 2023

Gama Stirling engine was designed and manufactured using low cost materials, which operates on Stirling cycle. Air was used as a working fluid, the engine can be heated by any fuel. This Study showed the properties of the engine, the efficiency dependent on temperature and pressure , the maximum rpm of engine is 900 . These engines can be used to generate power in rural areas that have not completed the required energy that is powered by conventional fuels.
SOME TYPES OF CONTIONUOUS FUNCTION VIA (r0, s1)-FUZZY αm- CLOSED SETS
Authors: Fatimah M. Mohammed  , Sanaa I. Abdullah
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study the notions of  some types of continuous functions via (r0, s1)-fuzzy αm-closed sets in double fuzzy topological space. Also, we reached some relationships among these new types of functions and compare them with their opposite with illustrative examples in the same space
GENERELIZED CONHARMONIC CURVATURE TENSOR OF NEARLY KAHLER MANIFOLD
Authors: Ali A. Shihab  , Dhabiaʼa M. Ali
Published: April 2023

In this paper we study the relationship between tensor algebraic curvature tensor, and General conharmonic curvature tensor of Nearly Kahler manifold, i. e. it has a classical symmetry properties of the Riemann carvatur tensor. Relpenishing generalized Riemannian structur of certain classes of almost Hermitian manifold allows an additional symmetry properties of this tensor.
STUDY ABOUT CYCLIC MAP ON PARTIAL b – METRIC SPACES AND FIXED-POINT THEOREM
Authors: Muayyad Mahmood Khalil
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we study the existence and uniqueness of fixed point of cyclic map α-admissible on partial b – metric space
Clinical and Anatomical Changes induced by Sciatic Nerve Section of Weaning Age Rabbits
Authors: Ban Ismael Sedeeq  , Ayad Hammeed Ibrahim  , Abul Kareem Salem Mahood
Published: April 2023

The aim of the study was to explore the clinical and anatomicalchanges occured after Sciatic nerve section in the weaning age in rabbits.Twenty-five rabbits were used in this study ranging from 1-2.5 months.Divided into five subgroups according to the number of survival days(W7) (W14) (W30) (W60) (W90). Surgery was performed under generalanesthesia. The nerve was sectioned using a small surgical scissor.Clinicalay few days later, the sign of right hind paws paralysis wasobserved clearly. The results revealed of a gap formation between thetwo nerve stumps [proximal and distal], and the gap increases on the dayfourteenth.During the following two weeks, ulcers began to appear in the skin at thedorsal side of the ankle joint, and there was also an enlarged popliteallymph node. Within 30-60 days another area was invaded by ulcer withor without bone exposure, the anterior part of the posterior side of thehind limb. After 90 days, there was severe ulceration and bone exposurewith enlarged lymph nodes and the ulceration extended to the ventralside of the hindlimb. Results showed a gradual worsening of thecondition and without improvement in peripheral nerves.
Estimation of serum immunoglobulin E level in asthma and its correlation with Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection
Authors: Alaa Younis Mahdy Al-Hamadany
Published: April 2023

This study carried out to show the association between Epstein-BarrVirus (EBV) infection and asthma. a cohort 65 serum samples werecollected from asthma patients within age group of 15-62 years ( 37females and 28 males) and 20 healthy controls. The levels of IgE andEBV IgM antibodies were measured by ELISA assay. The resultsshowed that IgE levels increased with severity of asthma (327.95 IU/ml)and the high level of IgE in asthma patients with age group (45-55 years)was 306 IU/ml. Sero detection of EBV showed that EBV infectionincreased with severity of asthma and was highest in females with severeasthma. serum IgE levels were high in asthmatic as compared to healthycontrols and the highest levels of it was in severity of asthma. On otherhand, there was weak significant correlation between levels of IgE andEBV infections in asthma patients
Evaluation The role of Trefoil Factor1 as early stage biomarker in patients with Nephrolithiasis
Authors: “Mohammed Abdullah Ajeel  , Zaid Mohammed Mubarak Al-Mahdawi
Published: April 2023

Nephrolithiasis is a public health problem that affect large scale ofpeoples around the world. naturally, there are many substances ,proteins,lipids, glycosaminoglycans and inorganic compounds, work as kidneystone inhibitors in the normal renal tubular fluid that inhibit crystalgrowth, aggregation, and/or adhesion to renal surfaces, among thisinhibitors we investigate the concentration of trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) as astone formation inhibitor and kidney injury biomarker in serum of 75kidney stone patients and 15 healthy subjects using ELISA technique.The results shows no significant changes within patients groups whileshows that TFF1 levels were significantly increased in stone patientswhen compared with the healthy controls (P≤0.05), which support thefact that it could use as early marker of kidney injury (KI) .The resultsalso revealed no significant changes within patients groups while therewas a significant changes between patients and controls for both bloodurea and serum creatinine levels in renal stone patients in comparison tothe apparently healthy control subjects (P ≤0.05). Further investigationare needed to show the inhibitory effect of TFF1 in urine of kidney stonepatients.
Distribution of Giardia lamblia Among local and Displaced Children in Kirkuk City
Authors: M. M. Bakr, M  , Sh. A. Mohammad  , M. A. Kadir
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study was to show the distribution of Giardia lambliainfection among local and displaced children in Kirkuk city, and itseffect on some hematological parameters Haemoglobin (Hb), Packed cellvolum (PCV) White Blood Cell Counts (WBCc). The stool samples wereexamined by direct wet mounts techniques, concentration and ELISAtechniques. Blood sample were collected from each child and somehematological parameters were estimated for them. The overall rate ofGiardia lamblia infection in displaced children 21.5% was higher thanlocal ones 10.53% . The prevalence of infection males 15.64% washigher than females 12.01% in both local and displaced children . Thehemoglobin value among local children was significantly lower thandisplaced children. while the PCV value among local children wassignificantly higher than displaced ones. The rate of WBC in local anddisplaced children was increased slightly, its value in local children10.13% and in displaced children10.30%. Its concluded that thedistribution of Giardia lamblia was high in both local and displacedchildren. The rate of infection in displaced children was higher than localchildren
Synthesis and Characterization of some New Amic acid and Imides and study the Biological Activity
Authors: Salwa Abd Al-Satar Jabbar
Published: April 2023

This study includs the synthesis of some new Amic acid and Imides,starting from the esters [S1] of Terephthalic acid which then converted toits hydrazide [S2] then to amic acid derivatives [S3-S7] and finally withimides [S8-S12]. Preparing of ester [S1] by usual esterification ofterephthalic acid with absolute ethanol in acidic medium, then hasconverted to its hydrazide [S2] by reacting it with hydrazine hydrate. Theamic acid derivatives [S3-S7] have been synthesized by the reaction ofhydrazide [S2] with anhydrides (2,3-dimethyl malic anhydride, 3-nitrophthalic anhydride, hexahydro phthalic anhydride, Diphenic anhydride,tetra Phenyl phthalic anhydride) in diethyl ether. Imides [S8-S12] werealso synthesized by cyclization of amic acids derivatives using aceticacid anhydride and anhydrous sodium acetate. The synthesizedcompounds were identified by spectral methods UV, FT-IR and H1-NMR beside melting point and the purity was determined using (TLC)and some of its physical properties were measured. Some of thesecompounds were tested against four strains of bacteria (E. coli, P.ariginosa, S. aurous and S. pyogenes)
Preparation, Identification and study Antibacterial Activity of Some new 2,3- Dihydroquinazolin-4 (1H)-one Derivatives
Authors: Fawzi Hameed Jumaa
Published: April 2023

In this study some new compounds have been prepared including thereaction of diazoium salt of 1,4-phenylenediamine with 2-mercaptobenzaldehyde at (0-5)0C[F1]. Then Schiff bases [F2-F6] werethen synthesized through the reaction of compound [F1] withsubstituteds aniline in absolute ethanol, and Schiff bases were convertedinto 2,3 - dihyroquinazolin - 4(1H) - one derivatives [F7-F11] by thereaction with 2-amino benzoic acid in ethanol. The prepared compoundswere characterized by color and melting point, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectralanalysis. Some of the prepared compounds were identified by 1H-NMRspectra and C.H.N analysis. The antibacterial activities were studiedagainst different kinds of bacteria, in addition, the stability of prepareddyes which proved to be of high stability and bright colors was studies,in addition the conformation of prepared compounds at the lower energylevel were studied.
Estimation of Annual Water Income Using (SCS-CN) Method based RS-GIS for Wadi Abu Khashab Watershed-North of Iraq
Authors: Asal Hassan Mahmood Al Jubouri  , Sabbar Abdullah Saleh Al Qaisy  , Yassen Ali Saleh Al Qaisy
Published: April 2023

The Annual Water income for Wadi Abu Khashab watershed estimatedas about(47.416 km2) by employing a set of software (ArcGIS, ErdasImagine) using the US Soil Conservation Method (SCS-CN) and fourdifferent methods resulting in an average annual water flow rate of thefour Techniques were (7,049,316 m3), based on the spatial data of thesatellite (Landsat-8) with spatial accuracy (30) meters and for bands(7,5,3) respectively, which is dated (5-2-2016) for two methods, while twomethods are based on the geological background based on the geologicalmap, this is the first time that the four methods have been used together inone search to ensure accurate and scientific results, the soil cover wasclassified and the nature of its uses, the soil hydrology and theidentification of its varieties, the quantities of Rainfall, and thedetermination of the Curve Numbers (CN).
The Physical and Mechanical Properties of a Shape Memory Alloy Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
Authors: Raed N. Razooqi  , Khalid H. Razej  , Ahmed T. Abdulhameed  , Saif S. Irhayyim
Published: April 2023

The shape Memory Alloy (SMA) (Copper-Aluminum-Nickel) wasprepared in the research by Powder metallurgy (PM) in componentpercentage (Cu-13% Al-4% Ni), pressure of (500 Mpa) in one direction,and sintering in (800°C) with Nitrogen gas for three hours. (CNTs) wasadded in percentage (0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5) % as a volumetric ratio at therelatively of the copper ratio to obtain advanced composites for CarbonNanotubes with a distinct effect on properties.The elements of the alloy were analyzed using the (EDS) system attachedto the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and study the X-rayDiffraction (XRD) to definition the elements and compounds formedafter the process of sintering while imaging the microscopic structure byboth Optical Microscopes and (SEM).The physical characteristics were studied as the results showed that byincreasing the content of the Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), The BulkDensity values of the (Cu-13% Al-4% Ni) decrease by ratio (23.5%) forcontent of Carbon Nanotubes (0%) to (2.0%) associated with an increasein True Porosity with the increase of the (CNTs) content at the same ratio(27.85%) and the impact is reversed when the content is increased to(2.5%) as it corresponds to the Water Absorption. The decrease inthermal conductivity corresponds to the increase in the True porosityratio while slightly improving the amount Thermal Conductivity at anadd (2.5%) percentage (2.0%) of the (CNTs). Some Mechanicalproperties, such as Hardness and Compressive Strength, have beenreduced by increasing the content of the (CNTs) to (2%) While there hasbeen a slight improvement in these two characteristics at thecorresponding ratio.
THE FORGOTTEN INDEX OF CERTAIN EDGE-GLUING GRAPHS
Authors: Ahmed M. Salih  , Nabeel E. Arif
Published: April 2023

The forgotten index is defined as ( ) ∑ ( )( ) . Where ( )is a degree of vertex . In this paper, we study certain known graphssuch as cycle, complete, wheel, and web graphs, then computed theforgotten index of their edge-gluing graphs
Nearly Quasi 2-Absorbing submodule
Authors: Haibt K. Mohammadali  , Khalaf H Alhabeeb
Published: April 2023

All rings in this note are commutative rings with identity, and all Rmodules are left unitary. "A proper submodule E of an R-module X iscalled nearly quasi prime submodule, if whenever abx ∈ E, with a, b ∈
SOME NEW SEPARATION AXIOMS VIA gr-b-I-OPEN SETS
Authors: Reem Z. Hussaen  , Taha H. Jasim  , Fatimah M. Mohammed
Published: April 2023

The purpose this paper is to introduce gr-b-I- open sets, via thisconcept we study some weak separation axioms in ideal topologicalspaces. The implications of these axioms among themselves and with theknown axioms are investigated
Nearly 2-Absorbing Submodules And Related Concepts
Authors: Reem T. Abdulqader  , Shwkea M. Rajab
Published: April 2023

Throughout this note R is commutative ring with identity, and X be aleft unitary R-module. A proper submodule K of an R-module X is callednearly prime, if whenever implies that either( ) or [ ( ) ]. This concept us to introduce theconcept of nearly prime submodule, where a proper submodule K of anR-module X is called nearly 2-absorbing submodule, if wherever, and then either ( ) or( ) or [ ( ) ]. The aim of this paper is to study thisconcept, and gives some of its basic properties, characterization andexamples. Furthermore, we study the relation of this concept with somekind of submodules".
w-extending and pw-extending Modules
Authors: Habit K. Mohammad ali  , Mohammad E. Dahsh
Published: April 2023

In this work, we introduce and study two concepts of modules. Thefirst one is a generalization of extending modules which is called a wextending module. And the second concept is called pw-extendingmodule which is a stronger property than w-extending. We give basicproperties, example and characterization of these concepts. Moreoverrelationship of w-extending module and pw-extending modules withother types of modules are studied.
Application of Life Tables on Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Chemotherapy in Nineveh Province (2006-2010)
Authors: Muna Muneer Ahmed
Published: April 2023

This study aims to construct life tables for true data of breast cancerpatients treated with chemotherapy in Nineveh Governorate for theperiod 2006 to 2010 for both sexes and for different disease's stages.Patient's life table, the probability of survival starting from the beginningof treatment and the most important factors for treatment and follow-upof such patients were assessed. The results show that by using life tablestechnique, the probability of survival the patients treated withchemotherapy for five years since enrolled treatment decrease withadvance of stages from 85.8% for stage I to 43.5% for stage IV, thatindicate the importance of starting therapy during the earlier stage of thedisease
ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SOME OLIVEGENOTYPES USING RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) MARKERS
Authors: Asmaa A. Al-Obeide  , Akeel H. Al-Assie
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to use the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers based on the PCR technique in the analysis of genetic variation among seven olive grown cultivar Olea europaea L. cultivars in Saladin province in Iraq Eighteen primers were used in RAPD reactions ,Results of RAPD experiments showed different loci of the bands. The total number of loci defined by the primer was 99 loci, of which 18 were general sites for all samples and 81 different locations. (OPP-01, OPM-15, OPK-13,1700bp) highest, and the lowest partial size in the primers [100 bpOPH-14, OPG-05] The variance between the samples studied was highest, as OPZ-08 (9.0), and less than in OPM-03 (2.1) The ability to discriminate for the primers was characterized by the OPZ-08 primer with a maximum discriminating higher of 9.0. The OPM-03 primer was characterized by the least discriminating of 2.1A total of 429 total bands bundles were produced, of which 18 were general main bands and 411 were polymorphic bands, The total number of distinctive bands resulting from in this study was 49. 21 absent band and( 28) Unique bands. The sample Santacatrina 5 received the highest number of missing bands, reaching (16 bands) Shamlaily is a sample 2 with the highest number of unique bands 7. The genetic distance values ​​ranged from (0.769-0.089), the lowest value of the genetic distance (0.089) and the difference between the four types (Frantoryo and 3 photo), and the highest genetic distance was between 5 (Santacaterina and 6) 0.769.While the analysis of the genetic relationship revealed that there are three main groups, including the first sample (5) Santacaterina, the second group including subgroups B1, B2 included the first B1 sample only one sample Krodsoo, while the second group B2 has included the remaining items Shamali, Sorani, Frantoyo Duhkan, Qaisi
Anatomical, Histological, Hormonal, And Ultrasonography Study Of Neonate Thyroid Gland
Authors: Anas Hamed Musleh  , Abdul-Jabbar Jameel Al-Samarrae  , Saad Ahmad Al-Rawi
Published: April 2023

Materials And Methods: The neonate thyroid gland collected and inspected grossly and taken all measurements. Then histologically preparation of the slides and stained with routine Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and special stains for descriptive study. Alive healthy neonates was taken for assessment of thyroid stimulation hormone, in addition the volume by ultrasound and using ellipsoid formula 0.479 as correction factor.
Results:- Thyroid gland present in lower part of neck anteriorly. Consist from right and left lobes connected via isthmus from lower medial portion of gland. The gland appeared U shape, red brown in color. The mean ±SD Weight 1.35 ±0.34 gram. Dimensions measurement as following, length 12.48 ±1.76, 12.21 ±1.79 for right and left lobes respectively. Width 5.73 ±0.82, 5.88 ±0.73 for right and left lobe. Under light microscope contain large number of follicles larger follicle present on periphery and small in central. The means of TSH in different age groups were had a tendency  to decreased as following 10.70 ±3.09 mU/L, 3.55 ±1.81mU/L, 3.30 ±1.61mU/L, and 2.85 ±1.27 mU/L, in male. While in females were 10.90 ±3.19 mU/L, 3.60 ±1.98 mU/L, 3.41 ±1.23 mU/L, and 3.48 ±1.45 mU/L in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. The total volume of neonates thyroid gland groups in  present study in male that were 412.7 ±62.2 mm3, 429.5 ±60.7 mm3, And the total volume in female were 401.2 ±83.9 mm3, 428.6 ±57.8 mm3 for first two groups respectively. The present study aimed to describe normal neonate thyroid gland as Anatomical, Histological, Hormonal, and Sonographical study it can throw light to help clinicians deal better with the gland during neonatal period in addition provide local standard data.
Histological and Epidemiological study on Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Nineveh Governorate
Authors: Kawkab Adris Mahmood
Published: April 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is a common infection especially in developing countries and can involve almost all bodily systems. Iraq has been identified as middle TB burden country in the world. The aims of the study are to determine the main factors that lead to prevalence of TB in people living in Nineveh governorate, to study the histopathological effect of M. tuberculosis on the tissues. The objective of epidemiological study is  to find the relationship between M. tuberculosis and age, sex, education level, occupation, type of TB and sectors of people living in Nineveh governorate. This study included 100 patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( 51 males and 49 females ) the age of the patients ranged from 1–75 years through the period from september 2010 to september 2011. In order to determine the main factors that lead to TB infection, data collected from all 100 patients infected with TB. Tissue sections were taken from patients with active TB from (lung, lymph node and breast mass) and fixed in (10%) formaldehyde and (4µm) paraffin blocks sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin or Ziehl Neelsen stain for histopathological examination. Data for epidemiological study of patients diagnosed with TB were  collected from consultant clinic for chest and respiratory diseases in Nineveh governorate over a 16-year period (1994-2010). The results showed that The main factors that lead to TB infection were diabetes with a percentage of (25%) of the patients, followed by smoking with a percentage of (20%) . Changes in the tissues infected with tuberculosis is the formation of tuberculous granulomas .The result of epidemiological study showed that the number of Tuberculosis cases in Nineveh governorate increased between 1994-2002 and decreased between 2002-2010. The number of TB cases in males is more than in females . The main age groups infected with TB was the productive ages (15-34 years). Pulmonary TB is more than Extrapulmonary TB .The highest percentage of TB in sectors of Nineveh governorate (25%) for each of left sector and right sector, followed by (13.7%) in Sinjar.
The impact of the month pregnant and fetus sex on progesterone and cortisol hormones and lipid profile in the women during the third-trimester pregnancy
Authors: Wahbi Abdulqader Salman Al-Hamdany  , Sanaa  Mohammed Morshed
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted at Salahaddin General Hospital to find out the impact of pregnancy month and the sex of the fetus on progesterone, cortisol hormones and some biochemical compounds (VLDL-C, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG Cholesterol, and Glucose), during the last trimester of the pregnant women. Ninety blood samples were collected from the pregnant women, 5ml blood from each woman, the number of pregnant women during the 7th, 8th and 9th months (34, 29, 27) woman respectively. During the ninth month of pregnancy, there was a significant increase (P≤0.01) in the concentration of cortisol hormone compared with the seventh and eighth month, but the concentration of progesterone hormone decreased significantly (P≤0.01) during the ninth month compared to the seventh and eighth months. The concentrations of (VLDL-C, LDL-C, TG, Cholesterol, and Glucose) increased in the ninth month of pregnancy compared to the seventh and eighth months, while the concentration of the HDL-C increased in the seventh and eighth months compared with the ninth month. There were no significant differences between the male and the female fetus in pregnant women cortisone and progesterone concentrations. The pregnant women with male pregnancy significantly increased compared with the female fetus pregnancy in the (VLDL-C, LDL-C, Glucose) while the female pregnancy significantly increased compared with the male fetus pregnancy (P≤0.05) in concentrations of HDL-C. There are no significant differences observed between the male fetus and female pregnancies in cholesterol concentrations. Conclusion: this study finds out that the ninth month of the pregnancy caused more detriment to the pregnant women and male fetus is more
Estimation of the level of homocysteine and vitamin B12 in serum of patients with hypothyroidism
Authors: Asala Adnan Otla  , Nadia Ahmed Saleh
Published: April 2023

In this study, homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels were measured in patients with hypothyroidism in Salahdin Governorate. The study was conducted at the Tigris Educational Hospital in Tikrit. Blood  samples were taken from patients with hypothyroidism  (40 cases) with thyroid deficiency and 30 healthy (non-infected) subjects. Their ages ranged between 25-35 years. The study found that there was a significant increase p<0.05 in the homocysteine level compared to the healthy Individuals as control group. The study also showed a significant decrease in the level of vitamin  B12 for patients p <0.05 compared to healthy individuals .
Determination of the mass attenuation coefficient for Aluminum element using (Cu,Mo) X-rays tubes
Authors: Ahmad Mohamed Kheder  , Muhsin Hasan Ali
Published: April 2023

In this study the value of linear  and mass  attenuation coefficients of Aluminum element (Al) were determinated by using x-ray Cu-tube of energies CuKα (8.048) KeV, CuKβ (8.906) KeV, and Mo-tube of energies MoKα (17.480) KeV and MoKβ (19.609) KeV.the voltage between the two electrodes are up to 35 KV.The measured  values are compared with other experimental data showing a general agreement within a precision of 0.2% - 0.8%.
The mass attenuation cross-sections were thus derived and compared with other experimental data available on database of x-ray attenuation cross-sections. The agreement is always within ±7%.
Effect of Partial Dependence of Photopeak Data on The Calculations of NaI(Tl) Detector Spectrum
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmad Elawi  , Hafsa Taha Ahmad
Published: April 2023

Partial dependence of photopeak data of ɣ-ray energies is considering apart of peak channels after subtracting background (including Compton distribution) and obtaining symmetric Gaussian distribution, then considering this part to obtain other total data of peak. This was investigated by using NaI(Tl) detector with Eu-152, Ra-226 and Cs-137 point sources. For the isolated peaks of Eu-152, Gaussian shape is obtained, and the areas between ±σ and ±0.5σ were determined and efficiency is obtained. The calculated transformation to total data of peaks gave excellent agreement with the ordinary case. The overlap between the two peaks at 609.3 (Ra-226) and 661.6 keV (Cs-137) is studied with using σ values from data when sources are separated, and counts in peaks centroids. The data of each peak is "restored" and compared with that when sources are separated and gave a 98% agreement. Also the overlap between the two peaks at 1120 and 1238 keV (Ra-226) is studied with adopting the σ values from the shape calibration curve of Eu-152 and centroid counts in the same way as for the Ra-226 and Cs-137 case. The resultant peaks areas are compared with those obtained from efficiency calibration curve of Eu-152. However results here are of lower agreement.
Doping effect by SiO2 on optical properties of ZnO Thin Films Prepared by pulsed laser depositions (PLD) technique
Authors: Zuheer. N. Majeed  , Abdul-Majeed E. Al-Samarai  , Ghuson. H.Mohammed
Published: April 2023

In this paper,Zinc oxide was dopped by various concentrations (5,10,15,20,25) % wt, silicon oxide The mixture was deposited on glass substrate by laser pulse deposition at room temperature to obtain (Zn2SiO4) thin films .The optical properties of thin films  prepared on spectral absorption and transmission  recording were studied at  the wavelength range (200- 1100) nm. Some of the optical constants, including absorptance, transmission, absorption coefficient, and energy gap are calculated before and after annealing at (400 ̊C) for (1 hr). Absorptance values and absorption coefficient increase after doping and transmission and energy gap decreases after the doping. Absorbance values and absorption coefficient decreases after annealing and transmission and energy gap increase after  the annealing .
Chaotic diffeomorphism on manifold (smooth manifold)
Authors: Ali A. Shihab  , Mizal H. Al-Obaidi  , Jehan Hamad Hazaa
Published: April 2023

In this paper  we concern in studying chaotic homeomorphisms deals with study and investigate of chaotic homeomorphisms on smooth manifolds. For connections more precisely to chaotic diffeomorphisms maps on smooth manifolds.
New relation between diffeomorphism an chaotic, transitive, dense and nowhere dense in smooth manifolds have been found. Product of two diffeomorphisms dense maps on smooth manifold is dense. Product of two chaotic maps on smooth manifold is chaotic.
Gray Wolf Optimization and Least Square Estimatation As A New Learning Algorithm For Interval Type-II ANFIS
Authors: Blqees K. Faraj  , Nazar K. Hussein
Published: April 2023

Gray Wolfe Optimization (GWO) is one of the meta-heuristic method and it is a popular technique in Many engineering and economic applications. GWO and Least Square Estimatation (LSE) are used to optimize the antecedents and consequents parameters of interval type-2 ANFIS respectively. We are checking the new learning algorithm by using the interval type-2 ANFIS in prediction of Mackey-Glass time series and the results were very encouraging compared to other algorithms.
The Othogonality of Martingale in Birkhoff’s sense and others
Authors: Suha Jumaa  , H.H.Ibrahim
Published: April 2023

Orthogonality is one of an important  the concepts in Mathematics , therefor it will be discussed in this paper, the orthogonality of martingale according to Birkhoff ’s, Roberts’s, Singer’s, Carlsson’s sense for  orthogonality  and the conditions that are needed to have orthogonality
Generalized Dai-Yuan conjugate gradient algorithm for training multi-layer feed-forward neural networks
Authors: Hind H. Mohammed
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we will present different type of CG algorithms depending on Peary conjugacy condition. The new conjugate gradient training (GDY) algorithm using to train MFNNs and prove it's descent property and global convergence for it and then we tested the behavior of this algorithm in the training of artificial neural networks and compared it with known algorithms in this field through two types of issues.