bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Safe Driving Evaluation Method Based on Machine Vision and Long Short-Term Memory Network
Authors: Shi Dongmei , Tang Hongyu
Published: April 2021

The rapid development of transportation industry has brought some potential safety hazards. Aiming at the problem of driving safety, the application of artificial intelligence technology in safe driving behavior recognition can effectively reduce the accident rate and economic losses. Based on the presence of interference signals such as spatiotemporal background mixed signals in the driving monitoring video sequence, the recognition accuracy of small targets such as human eyes is low. In this paper, an improved dual-stream convolutional network is proposed to recognize the safe driving behavior. Based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), attention mechanism (AM) is integrated into a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network structure, and the hybrid dual-stream AM-LSTM convolutional network channel is designed. The spatial stream channel uses the CNN method to extract the spatial characteristic value of video image and uses pyramid pooling instead of traditional pooling, normalizing the scale transformation. The time stream channel uses a single-shot multibox detector (SSD) algorithm to calculate the adjacent two frames of video sequence for the detection of small objects such as face and eyes. Then, AM-LSTM is used to fuse and classify dual-stream information. The self-built driving behavior video image set is built. ROC, accuracy rate, and loss function experiments are carried out in the FDDB database, VOT100 data set, and self-built video image set, respectively. Compared with CNN, SSD, IDT, and dual-stream recognition methods, the accuracy rate of this method can be improved by at least 1.4%, and the average absolute error in four video sequences can be improved by more than 2%. On the contrary, in the self-built image set, the recognition rate of doze reaches 68.3%, which is higher than other methods. The experimental results show that this method has good recognition accuracy and practical application value.
Development of an Iliacus Muscle Abscess after School Exercise in a 17-Year-Old Female Student
Authors: Tokuyama Yoshiyuki , Arai Manabu , Yamano Kentaro , Masada Tomoya , Imashuku Shinsaku
Published: April 2021

Primary psoas abscess is due largely to hematogenous or lymphatic spread under immunocompromised conditions, whereas secondary psoas abscess is due largely to direct spread from adjacent infected structures. Trauma or hematoma within the muscle may predispose to the development of a primary abscess, especially if infection is present prior to injury, despite the absence of previous signs or symptoms of infection. This report describes a 17-year-old female high school student who developed an abscess within her iliacus muscle due to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus after running 3 km on a hill as a school exercise. She was positive for antinuclear antibody and had had atopic dermatitis, suggesting that these factors, as well as exercise-related minor trauma or hematoma within the muscle, may have predisposed to abscess formation. She was treated with appropriate antibiotics and surgical drainage, resulting in recovery after 4 weeks.
Endotoxin Adsorbent Therapy in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Peerapornratana Sadudee , Sirivongrangson Phatadon , Tungsanga Somkanya , Tiankanon Kanitha , Kulvichit Win , Putcharoen Opass , Kellum John A. , Srisawat Nattachai
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Uncontrolled systemic inflammation may occur in severe coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). We have previously shown that endotoxemia, presumably from the gut, may complicate COVID-19. However, the role of endotoxin adsorbent (EA) therapy to mitigate organ dysfunction in COVID-19 has not been explored. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study in COVID-19 patients who received EA therapy at the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, between March 13 and April 17, 2020. Relevant clinical and laboratory data were collected by inpatient chart review. Results: Among 147 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 6 patients received EA therapy. All of the 6 patients had severe COVID-19 infection with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Among these, 5 of them were mechanically ventilated and 4 had complications of secondary bacterial infection. The endotoxin activity assay (EAA) results of pre-EA therapy ranged from 0.47 to 2.79. The choices of EA therapy were at the discretion of attending physicians. One patient was treated with oXiris® along with continuous renal replacement therapy, and the others received polymyxin B hemoperfusion sessions. All patients have survived and were finally free from the mechanical ventilation as well as had improvement in PaO2/FiO2 ratio and decreased EAA level after EA therapy. Conclusions: We demonstrated the clinical improvement of severe COVID-19 patients with elevated EAA level upon receiving EA therapy. However, the benefit of EA therapy in COVID-19 ARDS is still unclear and needs to be elucidated with randomized controlled study.
A formação de arquitetos e urbanistas como facilitadores de aprendizagem em curso técnico em paisagismo: desafios da docência, planejamento de ensino e auto avaliação
Authors: Cocco Renata Michelon , Kozloski Cássia Laire
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho visa apresentar o relato da formação de Arquitetos e Urbanistas como professores no Curso Técnico em Paisagismo do Colégio Politécnico da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A presente experiência docente foi vivenciada no segundo semestre de 2019, durante o Estágio Supervisionado de Ensino III, do Programa Especial de Graduação de Formação de Professores para a Educação Profissional da UFSM, nas disciplinas de Projeto de Paisagismo I e III. Neste artigo, discutem-se criticamente os desafios pedagógicos do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, as etapas de planejamento de ensino e a autoavaliação docente. A partir disso, pode-se concluir que entre as particularidades da docência no Curso Técnico em Paisagismo, destaca-se a importância de atingir metodologicamente a competência do “saber fazer”, conduzindo assim os conhecimentos teóricos a uma abordagem transdisciplinar e efetivamente prática nas diversas escalas de atuação do Paisagista.
O Perfil Sociodemográfico e Qualidade de Vida de Mulheres com Câncer de Mama Após Tratamento com Quimioterapia
Authors: Vassilievitch Andressa Cabral , Amorim Bruno Ferreira , Kameo Simone Yuriko , Silva Glebson Moura , Sawada Namie Okino
Published: April 2021

O câncer de mama e o seu tratamento são condições que acarretam diversos efeitos negativos na qualidade de vida do paciente, além de exercer um grande impacto emocional e psíquico. Objetivou-se avaliar o impacto do tratamento quimioterápico na QVRS de mulheres com câncer de mama, além de caracterizá-las quanto aos aspectos sociodemográficos, durante seu tratamento Foram realizados entrevistas com questões relacionados aos dados sócio demográficos, clínicos e terapêuticos e European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core30. A amostra foi composta por 206 mulheres com câncer de mama, que faziam tratamento com quimioterapia em dois ambulatórios de oncologia, média de idade de 53,1 anos, com Carcinoma Ductal Infiltrante, estadiamento III. A avaliação da QVRS mostrou média do escore 76,01; escalas funcionais apresentaram escore baixo, com aspectos físico, emocional, cognitivo, funcional e social bastante afetados após o tratamento, o desempenho de papéis e função emocional foram os mais prejudicados; na escala de sintomas, os domínios mais prejudicados foram: dificuldades financeiras, fadiga e insônia. Concluiu-se que os fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos interferem de forma incisiva na QVRS das mulheres com câncer de mama submetidas ao tratamento quimioterápico.
Etnocentrismo e Relativismo Cultural: algumas reflexões
Authors: Meneses Paulo
Published: April 2021

O trabalho apresenta o etnocentrismo como um preconceito resistente, difundido por todos os povos e tempos. Desse etnocentrismo derivam ideologias etnocentristas, que justificam com razões esse preconceito, e as políticas imperialistas e discriminatórias. Contrapõe-se isso o relativismo cultural, que, pelo reconhecimento e valorização das diversas culturas, dá uma base para a verdadeira compreensão e relações realmente humanas entre os povos.
Multiculturalismo e Direitos: uma abordagem conceitual
Authors: Santos Gislene Aparecida dos
Published: April 2021

A discussão sobre multiculturalismo e sobre políticas públicas multiculturais tem sido objeto de controvérsias e de grande divergência conceitual. O presente texto atualiza o debate acerca do multiculturalismo, aponta as diferenças entre países multiculturais e países que, mesmo sendo multiculturais, não admitem políticas focalizadas no multiculturalismo. Discuto aqui alguns conceitos e ideias que podem ajudar a compreender diferentes aspectos do que se entende por multiculturalismo a partir das teorias da justiça, bem como as diferentes formas do tratamento normativo para as demandas dos grupos sociais nas sociedades contemporâneas.
A Segurança Alimentar Via Sistemas Alimentares Circulares e as Controvérsias da Transição para os ODS
Authors: Mello-Théry Neli Aparecida de
Published: April 2021

Considerando a segurança alimentar como um dos grandes desafios atuais, procura-se abordar como algumas controvérsias[1] podem servir de impulso ou, ao contrário, criarem obstáculos para a adoção e implantação de metas vinculadas a Agenda 2030 das Nações Unidas. Procurando evidenciar a dimensão ambiental, esse ensaio estrutura-se em duas seções. A partir de uma introdução que aponta os vínculos entre padrões de alimentação e valores sociais, avança das teorias da transição ecológica para as controvérsias, conexões entre ecossistema, saúde humana e sistemas circulares e atores envolvidos.
Contribuições Teóricas da Sociologia das Organizações: o ator e o sistema de Crozier e Friedberg (1977)
Authors: Checco Guilherme Barbosa
Published: April 2021

Crozier e Friedberg propõem uma reflexão acerca das organizações e dos “sistemas de ação concretos” a partir do olhar da sociologia, disponibilizando aos cientistas debruçados sobre as políticas públicas um ferramental epistemológico, teórico e metodológico fundamental para compreender os fenômenos e características da ação pública, desde questões como a cooperação, as relações e disputas de poder. A obra, publicada em 1977, pode ser considerada atemporal uma vez que guarda forte conexão com aspectos fundamentais das relações sociais, de modo que sua leitura é essencial, especialmente considerando que essa escola ainda é pouco conhecida no Brasil.
Notas Sobre a História dos Trabalhos das Mulheres na Sociedade Ocidental: das diferenças as desigualdades laborais de gênero.
Authors: Garcia Carla Cristina
Published: April 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir a luz da historiografia feminista o lugar que os trabalhos das mulheres ocuparam no desenvolvimento da cultura ocidental que ultrapassam em muito o papel que o modo de produção capitalista lhe outorgou. Especificamente, o que se pretende demonstrar por meio da revisão bibliográfica é que as relações de produção capitalistas que favorecem o patriarcado, além de imporem o modelo nuclear de família, também propiciam narrativas próprias da história e, neste modelo, não há espaço para a explicação da contribuição das mulheres na formação material e simbólica da cultura. Apagado da memória, o trabalho feminino é tratado como exceção à regra e nunca como uma constante. Não à toa, invariavelmente nos deparamos com textos indicando a entrada da mulher no mundo do trabalho como algo recente, quando, na verdade, desde que se tem notícia o trabalho feminino era determinante para a manutenção e desenvolvimento dos núcleos familiares e de suas respectivas comunidades. Neste sentido, para que se possa compreender a especificidade do trabalho das mulheres na sociedade capitalista é preciso fazer uma análise da totalidade dessa dupla estrutura que se utiliza de explicações ditas naturais para relegar as mulheres a condições precárias de existência e trabalho no processo de constituição do modo de produção capitalista.
Prevention of Viridans Group Streptococcal Infective Endocarditis: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Wilson Walter R. , Gewitz Michael , Lockhart Peter B. , Bolger Ann F. , DeSimone Daniel C. , Kazi Dhruv S. , Couper David J. , Beaton Andrea , Kilmartin Catherine , Miro Jose M. , Sable Craig , Jackson Mary Anne , Baddour Larry M. ,   On behalf of the American Heart Association Young Hearts Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis and Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Lifelong Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Health in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and the Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research
Published: April 2021

Background:

In 2007, the American Heart Association published updated evidence-based guidelines on the recommended use of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent viridans group streptococcal (VGS) infective endocarditis (IE) in cardiac patients undergoing invasive procedures. The 2007 guidelines significantly scaled back the underlying conditions for which antibiotic prophylaxis was recommended, leaving only 4 categories thought to confer the highest risk of adverse outcome. The purpose of this update is to examine interval evidence of the acceptance and impact of the 2007 recommendations on VGS IE and, if needed, to make revisions based on this evidence.

Methods and Results:

A writing group was formed consisting of experts in prevention and treatment of infective endocarditis including members of the American Dental Association, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the American Academy of Pediatrics, in addition to the American Heart Association. MEDLINE database searches were done for English language articles on compliance with the recommendations in the 2007 guidelines and the frequency of and morbidity or mortality from VGS IE after publication of the 2007 guidelines. Overall, there was good general awareness of the 2007 guidelines but variable compliance with recommendations. There was no convincing evidence that VGS IE frequency, morbidity, or mortality has increased since 2007.

Conclusions:

On the basis of a review of the available evidence, there are no recommended changes to the 2007 VGS IE prevention guidelines. We continue to recommend VGS IE prophylaxis only for categories of patients at highest risk for adverse outcome while emphasizing the critical role of good oral health and regular access to dental care for all. Randomized controlled studies to determine whether antibiotic prophylaxis is effective against VGS IE are needed to further refine recommendations.
An Immuno-Cardiac Model for Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in COVID-19 Hearts
Authors: Yang Liuliu , Han Yuling , Jaffré Fabrice , Nilsson-Payant Benjamin E. , Bram Yaron , Wang Pengfei , Zhu Jiajun , Zhang Tuo , Redmond David , Houghton Sean , Uhl Skyler , Borczuk Alain , Huang Yaoxing , Richardson Chanel , Chandar Vasuretha , Acklin Joshua A. , Lim Jean K. , Chen Zhengming , Xiang Jenny , Ho David D. , tenOever Benjamin R. , Schwartz Robert E. , Evans Todd , Chen Shuibing
Published: April 2021

Rationale:

While respiratory failure is a frequent and clinically significant outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), cardiac complications are a common feature in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and are associated with worse patient outcomes. The cause of cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients is not yet known. Case reports of COVID-19 autopsy heart samples have demonstrated abnormal inflammatory infiltration of macrophages in heart tissues.

Objective:

Generate an immunocardiac coculture platform to model macrophage-mediated hyperinflammation in COVID-19 hearts and screen for drugs that can block the macrophage-mediated inflammation.

Methods and Results:

We systematically compared autopsy samples from non–COVID-19 donors and COVID-19 patients using RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. We observed strikingly increased expression levels of CCL2 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 2) and macrophage infiltration in heart tissues of COVID-19 patients. We generated an immunocardiac coculture platform containing human pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes and macrophages. We found that macrophages induce increased reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by secreting IL (interleukin)-6 and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) after Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure. Using this immunocardiac coculture platform, we performed a high content screen and identified ranolazine and tofacitinib as compounds that protect cardiomyocytes from macrophage-induced cardiotoxicity.

Conclusions:

We established an immuno-host coculture system to study macrophage-induced host cell damage following SARS-CoV-2 infection and identified Food and Drug Administration–approved drug candidates that alleviate the macrophage-mediated hyperinflammation and cellular injury.
Shape-Constrained Symbolic Regression—Improving Extrapolation with Prior Knowledge
Authors: Kronberger G. , de Franca F. O. , Burlacu B. , Haider C. , Kommenda M.
Published: April 2021

We investigate the addition of constraints on the function image and its derivatives for the incorporation of prior knowledge in symbolic regression. The approach is called shape-constrained symbolic regression and allows us to enforce, for example, monotonicity of the function over selected inputs. The aim is to find models which conform to expected behavior and which have improved extrapolation capabilities. We demonstrate the feasibility of the idea and propose and compare two evolutionary algorithms for shape-constrained symbolic regression: (i) an extension of tree-based genetic programming which discards infeasible solutions in the selection step, and (ii) a two-population evolutionary algorithm that separates the feasible from the infeasible solutions. In both algorithms we use interval arithmetic to approximate bounds for models and their partial derivatives. The algorithms are tested on a set of 19 synthetic and four real-world regression problems. Both algorithms are able to identify models which conform to shape constraints which is not the case for the unmodified symbolic regression algorithms. However, the predictive accuracy of models with constraints is worse on the training set and the test set. Shape-constrained polynomial regression produces the best results for the test set but also significantly larger models.
Art as Refuge: The Symbolic Transformation of an Electronic Installation in the Midst of Chile's Social Unrest
Authors: Núñez-Pacheco Claudia , Olivares-Retamal Jorge
Published: April 2021

This position statement describes the transformation of an interactive installation from an instrumental piece of art and science pedagogy into a meaningful performative piece, which forced its creators to adopt a political stance in the light of a period of social unrest taking place in Chile beginning in October 2019. It describes how an apparently nonpartisan installation transitioned into a tool for political expression and refuge. It also allowed the artists to rethink their role in the community as facilitators of art spaces for self-dialogue.
The Multi-Tuned Piano: Keyboard Music without a Tuning System
Authors: Dean Roger T.
Published: April 2021

Unlike a physical grand piano, a physical synthesis instrument, such as one of Pianoteq’s series of grand pianos, is not necessarily constrained at any moment to a single tuning system. This article discusses why a system using discrete piano pitches (not sliding pitches) chosen freely among the audible pitch continuum presents interesting musical and expressive possibilities. Audio and video of compositions and an improvisation exploiting the system demonstrate its potential and a performing interface for it.
Shaping Dynamics With Multiple Populations in Low-Rank Recurrent Networks
Authors: Beiran Manuel , Dubreuil Alexis , Valente Adrian , Mastrogiuseppe Francesca , Ostojic Srdjan
Published: April 2021

An emerging paradigm proposes that neural computations can be understood at the level of dynamic systems that govern low-dimensional trajectories of collective neural activity. How the connectivity structure of a network determines the emergent dynamical system, however, remains to be clarified. Here we consider a novel class of models, gaussian-mixture, low-rank recurrent networks in which the rank of the connectivity matrix and the number of statistically defined populations are independent hyperparameters. We show that the resulting collective dynamics form a dynamical system, where the rank sets the dimensionality and the population structure shapes the dynamics. In particular, the collective dynamics can be described in terms of a simplified effective circuit of interacting latent variables. While having a single global population strongly restricts the possible dynamics, we demonstrate that if the number of populations is large enough, a rank R network can approximate any R-dimensional dynamical system.
The slowdown tends to be greater for stronger tropical cyclones
Authors: Sun Yuan , Zhong Zhong , Li Tim , Yi Lan , Shen Yixuan
Published: April 2021

Understanding the impact of climate change on tropical cyclones (TCs) has become a hot topic. The slowdown of TC translation speed contributes greatly to the locally accumulated TC damage. While the recent observational evidence shows that TC translation speed has decreased globally by 10% since the mid-twentieth century, the robustness of the trend is questioned by other studies as effects of changes in observational capability can strongly affect the global trend. Moreover, none of the published studies considered dependence of TC slowdown on TC intensity. This is the caveat of these analyses as the effect of TC slowdown is closely related to TC intensity. Here, we investigate the relationship between TC translation speed trend and TC intensity, and reveal possible reasons for the trend. We show that the global slowing trend without weak TC moments (≤ 17 m s-1) is about double of that with weak TC moments in a recent study. This is because the slowing trend is dominated by strong TCs’ trend. Stronger (weaker) TCs tend to be controlled more by upper-level (lower-level) steering flow, and the calculated trend of upper-level steering flow is much larger than that of lower-level steering flow. This may be an important reason for the large difference between the slowing trend without weak TC moments and that with weak TC moments. Furthermore, the changes of TC tracks (including inter-basin trend and latitudinal shift), which are partly attributed to data inhomogeneity, make a much larger contribution to the slowing trend, compared with the weakening of tropical circulation, which is related to anthropogenic warming.
Gender Distribution of Current Surgical Critical Care Fellows, Faculty, and Program Directors
Authors: Ehrlich Haley , Nguyen Jackie , Sutherland Mason , McKenney Mark , Elkbuli Adel
Published: April 2021

As women surgeons continue to represent a minority within the surgical field while also holding lower ranked positions, gaining a sub-specialized set of clinical skills through surgical fellowships, like surgical critical care (SCC), is one approach to advance within the surgical field. A cross-sectional analysis was performed investigating the websites of all 106 US-based SCC fellowships. A total of 116 SCC fellows were included in this analysis, comprising 67 (59.3%) men and 46 (40.7%) women. There were 977 SCC fellowship faculty were evaluated, comprising 619 (67.9%) men and 292 (32.1%) women. Additionally, 103 SCC fellowship program directors were analyzed, consisting of 77 (74.8%) men and 26 (25.2%) women. There is a significantly lower proportion of women fellows and faculty members (P < .001) compared to men. SCC programs with female program directors on average have higher proportions of female fellows and faculty compared to programs with male program directors (52% and 36% vs 31% and 29%, respectively). There is a stable yet unbalanced gender distribution throughout all positions in SCC fellowship programs. Actively supporting women surgeons pursuing SCC fellowship and removing barriers to their advancement through effective interventions can disrupt the persistently low prevalence of women SCC fellows, faculty, and program directors.
Organizing Means–Ends Decoupling: Core–Compartment Separations in Fast Fashion
Authors: Stål Herman I. , Corvellec Hervé
Published: April 2021

Means–ends decoupling, the institutionally induced implementation of ineffective practices, has become increasingly common. Extant theory suggests that means–ends decoupling has real consequences, which makes it unstable and difficult for organizations to sustain. Yet little is known of how, and with what outcomes, firms organize such means–ends decoupling. We examine organizing via multiple qualitative and longitudinal case studies of how Swedish fast fashion retailers implement and manage the collection of used garments. We find that firms combine two organizational arrangements: structural and temporal core–compartment separations, which mitigate consequences of means–ends decoupling by obscuring and justifying efficiency gaps. Thereby we provide a theoretical explanation for how means–ends decoupling can persist over time.
Afterword: The value of children in the Global South: Current contributions and future directions
Authors: Gu Xiaorong
Published: April 2021

This Afterword to the Current Sociology Monograph on ‘The Value Turn in Childhood Sociology’ reflects on how this issue adds fundamental insights to our understanding not only of children’s social positions, the roles they play and their life experiences from the perspectives of various stakeholders in a variety of Southern societies, but also of the heterogeneous, hybrid and complex trajectories of modernization in these societies. The articles contribute to existing scholarship in at least three ways. First, they illustrate the productivity of the value turn in childhood sociology by linking children’s social roles, experiences and positions in society with multi-level social mechanisms (inclusive of family, educational institutions, social groups and organizations, and the state) in culturally and socially contextualized analyses. Second, the value turn proposed in this monograph attempts a critical intervention to de-center the previous Western-centric knowledge production in childhood sociology. The articles have contributed towards this objective by foregrounding Southern empirical realities and spearheading grounded theorization based on Southern experiences. Finally, the articles showcase a plethora of research methods and techniques in a variety of research paradigms, including critical discourse analysis, in-depth interviews, ethnographic research, historical analysis and mixed-methods research, which yield rich, profound and nuanced findings about the valuation of children in different contexts. I conclude this closing article by deliberating on future directions for the research agenda on the value of children in sociology.
The Remarkable Curvature of the Mind of Abdias do Nascimento
Authors: Asante Molefi Kete
Published: April 2021

Nascimento transcended the country of his birth and established himself in the minds and hearts of Africans everywhere as a combatant against racism and classism. Abdias do Nascimento was to Brazil what Langston Hughes and Katherine Dunham were to African Americans, a phenomenon of cultural energy that lifted his people to the highest dimensions of art in defiance of a designed degradation of blackness. Abdias grew up as a rebel spirit, as he would often say, in the tradition of his mother, who had called out abusive behavior toward blacks, in a brazenly racist country that had exploited the indigenous and African people for centuries. Thus, he was to become a Malcolm X, Du Bois, and Paul Robeson in the Brazilian context. Combining artistic skill, militant resistance, world knowledge, historical understanding, and an adventurous nature, his active mind did not rest in one field but in several art forms and research areas. He found his first love in the practice of African art and spirituality while creating the Black Experimental Theatre in Rio de Janeiro in the l940s.
Effect of preset interfacial ZrB2 particles on the microstructure and properties of C/C-AlSi composites
Authors: Feng Wei , Tang Chengwei , Liu Lei , Chen Jian , Zhang Yang , Yao Xiyuan , Zuo Donglin , Liu Feilong
Published: April 2021

ZrB2 particles were preset to the C-AlSi interface to improve oxidation resistance of C/C preform and adjust the microstructure of the interpenetrated C/C-AlSi composite prepared through pressure infiltration of eutectic AlSi into a fiber fabric based porous C/C skeleton. Micro-morphology investigations suggested that the AlSi textures were changed from dendritic to petals-like state, and the nano to micro-scale ZrB2 particles were dispersed into AlSi and affected the distribution of Al and Si nearby carbon. Tests demonstrated that C/C-AlSi have slight lower density and thermal expansion coefficient, and higher original compressive strength, while C/C-ZrB2-AlSi composites presented an outstanding strength retention rate after thermal shock. Fracture and micro-morphology indicated that the influence of the preset ZrB2 to the interface of carbon and alloy greatly affected the generation and propagation of cracks, which determined the diverse compression behaviors of the composites before and after thermal shock.
Developing the Foundations for a Learning-Based Humanistic Therapy
Authors: Renger Susan , Macaskill Ann
Published: April 2021

This study addressed the possibility of integrating learning theory into humanistic counseling. We consider that such an approach may enable client self-counseling either between sessions or after therapy has finished. Carl Rogers was a keen advocate of person-centered learning facilitation in the classroom and his principles of learning provide a natural start-point for a humanistic therapy based on learning theory. A variety of other learning processes also lend themselves to a learning based therapy such as establishing client learning goals based on self-efficacy, enabling the client to understand their own learning processes and blocks to learning, encouraging the client to access their own learning resources, and then enabling long-term learning. A case study was therefore designed to test some of these processes in a therapeutic setting. A White, British, middle-aged female was recruited for the case study. During the course of six sessions, the content of which was analyzed using thematic analysis, a selection of learning processes were applied to the humanistic therapeutic process. In summary, it was established that facilitated learning processes could provide a practically acceptable basis for humanistic counseling, and these processes are offered here as the foundation to a model of “therapeutic learning.”
Hepatic blood flow in adult Göttingen minipigs and pre-pubertal Danish Landrace x Yorkshire pigs
Authors: Kjærgaard Kristoffer , Sørensen Michael , Mortensen Frank Viborg , Alstrup Aage Kristian Olsen
Published: April 2021

The liver receives dual blood supply from the hepatic artery and portal vein. The pig is often used as an animal model in positron emission tomography (PET) and pharmacokinetic studies because of the possibility for extensive and direct blood sampling. In this study, we compared measurements of hepatic blood flow in 10 female adult Göttingen minipigs and 10 female pre-pubertal Danish Landrace x Yorkshire (DLY) pigs. Ultrasound transit time flow meter probes were placed around the hepatic artery and portal vein through open surgery, hepatic blood flow measurements were performed, and the liver was weighed. Total hepatic blood flow was on average 363 ± 131 mL blood/min in Göttingen minipigs and 988 ± 180 mL blood/min in DLY pigs ( p < 0.001). The mean hepatic blood perfusion was 623 mL blood/min/mL liver tissue and 950 mL blood/min/mL liver tissue ( p = 0.005), and the liver weight was 0.58 kg and 1.04 kg, respectively. The mean arterial flow fraction in Göttingen minipigs was 12 ± 7% and lower than in DLY pigs, where it was 24 ± 7% ( p = 0.001). Using the gold standard for blood flow measurements, we found that both total hepatic blood flow and blood perfusion were significantly lower in Göttingen minipigs than in DLY pigs. The hepatic blood perfusion and arterial flow fraction in DLY pigs were comparable to normative values from humans. Differences in hepatic blood flow between adult Göttingen minipigs and humans should be considered when performing physiological liver studies in this model.
Do Correlations Between Mindfulness Components and Rumination in Student Athletes Support Mindfulness Training to Reduce Rumination?
Authors: Tingaz Emre Ozan , Çakmak Soner
Published: April 2021

In the present study, we examined the relationship between mindfulness and rumination among student-athletes. Ninety-seven young adult student-athletes (38.1% female, 61.9% male; Mage = 22.52, SD = 3.53) completed both the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport and the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire. Among these participants, we observed a significant positive correlation between rumination and the awareness sub-dimension of mindfulness. We also observed significant negative correlations between rumination and two scores from the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport: non-judgment and overall mindfulness. Awareness, non-judgment, and mindfulness were all significant predictors of rumination in a linear regression analysis. While these are correlational data that do not permit causal inferences, these findings raise the possibility, in this population, that awareness triggers ruminative thoughts and overall mindfulness might represent a coping tool for rumination. Further research is needed to test this possibility.
Properties of silver chloride and carbon screen printed patterns on different textiles
Authors: Toral Victor , Albrecht Andreas , Castillo Encarnación , García Antonio , Becherer Markus , Rivadeneyra Almudena
Published: April 2021

Smart textiles, known also as e-textiles, are of great interest for the development of healthcare and wellness applications that require the embedding of electronic devices into the fabrics. Although many prototype proposals may be found in the literature, the generalization and commercialization of e-textiles is limited by the lack of cost-effective, standard fabrication processes that can be applied to a large variety of fabrics. In this contribution, we analyze the deposition of silver and carbon pastes by screen printing methods on a wide selection of daily-use textiles, to gain insight into the main features to be considered when developing cost-effective smart textiles. Results show the prospects offered by screen printing to create conductive patterns over textile and flexible materials with sheet resistances lower than 1 Ω/sq and a good repeatability in the dimensions of the patterns.
Cognitive Image, Mental Imagery, and Responses (CI-MI-R): Mediation and Moderation Effects
Authors: Loureiro Sandra Maria Correia , Roschk Holger , Ali Faizan , Friedmann Enav
Published: April 2021

As intangible experiences are crucial for approach tendencies toward a destination, this research proposes the CI-MI-R framework linking cognitive image (CI) to response (R) via mental imagery (MI). Cosmopolitanism, escapism, and cognitive thinking style are examined as moderators in the relationship between cognitive image and mental imagery. Two studies from USA and Germany confirmed the role of mental imagery as a mediator between cognitive image and tourist response. The three segmentation-based moderators decrease the strength of the link between cognitive image and mental imagery, suggesting that targeting tourists, who are low (high) in cosmopolitanism, escapism, and cognitive thinking style, with cognitive images will be more (less) effective in increasing their mental imagery of the destination and subsequently approach responses.
The Houses That Evo Built: Autonomy, Vivir bien, and Viviendas in Bolivia
Authors: Alderman Jonathan
Published: April 2021

The concept of vivir bien (living well) has become ubiquitous in Bolivian state discourse and policy since the election of Evo Morales as Bolivia’s president in 2005. While Bolivia’s constitutional refounding as plurinational is supposed to facilitate indigenous peoples’ living according to their conception of living well, the state still appears to be attempting to implement its own conception through rural social programs promoted as enabling rural indigenous peoples to live well. The implementation of one such social program, a housing donation program in the municipality of Charazani (Department of La Paz), demonstrates differing notions of vivir bien between neighboring communities and suggests that a program designed to facilitate vivir bien may actually provide obstacles to the realization of an indigenous conception of living well.

El concepto de vivir bien se ha vuelto omnipresente en el discurso y la política del estado boliviano desde la elección de Evo Morales como presidente en 2005. Si bien se supone que la refundación constitucional de Bolivia como estado plurinacional debe facilitar la vida de los pueblos indígenas de acuerdo a su concepción de vivir bien, el Estado aún parece estar tratando de implementar su propia concepción a través de programas sociales rurales promovidos como proyectos que permiten que los pueblos indígenas rurales vivan bien. La implementación de uno de estos programas sociales, un programa de donación de vivienda en el municipio de Charazani (Departamento de La Paz), muestra diferentes nociones de lo que implica vivir bien entre las comunidades vecinas y sugiere que un programa diseñado para facilitarlo puede, de hecho, generar obstáculos a la realización de una concepción indígena de vivir bien.
Are State-Owned Enterprises Good Citizens in Environmental Governance? Evidence From the Control of Air Pollution in China
Authors: Liang Jiaqi , Langbein Laura
Published: April 2021

As profit-seeking corporations, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have incentives to maximize profits from economic activities. However, subject to state ownership, SOEs are expected also to be more accountable for public welfare than their private counterparts. This study examines whether SOEs’ relative provincial dominance reinforces government’s demand to reduce air pollution in China, in the context of anticorruption and performance management. The results suggest that greater relative SOE dominance reduces sulfur dioxide emissions, but this effect is significant only in provinces with a low level of corruption case investigations. Performance management has no discernible moderating impact on the effect of SOE relative dominance.
Peeking Inside the Black Box: Inventor Turnover and Patent Termination
Authors: Khanna Rajat
Published: April 2021

This study examines the consequences of inventor turnover for the termination of the patents they produced beforehand. The proponents of the knowledge-based view consider firms repositories of knowledge and inventors carriers of knowledge who create new inventions through recombination. I argue that because the knowledge about inventions resides with inventors, turnover among them may adversely affect the future use of their inventions due to the loss of tacit knowledge. As a result, firms are more likely to terminate the patents of inventors who have left than of inventors who remain. Further, the patterns of collaboration between departed inventors and others influence the aforementioned relationship. Analyses of the termination of patents, in the form of nonpayment of renewal fees, by pharmaceutical firms support the claims in the article. The findings have implications for how firms manage their knowledge portfolios in the face of inevitable inventor turnover and the resulting loss of tacit knowledge.
Crowdfunding Conservation Science: Tracing the Participatory Dynamics of Native Parrot Genome Sequencing
Authors: Addison Courtney , Stevens Hallam
Published: April 2021

Who gets to practice and participate in science? Research teams in Puerto Rico and New Zealand have each sequenced the genomes of parrot populations native to these locales: the iguaca and kākāpō, respectively. In both cases, crowdfunding and social media were instrumental in garnering public interest and funding. These forms of Internet-mediated participation impacted how conservation science was practiced in these cases and shaped emergent social roles and relations. As citizens “follow,” fund, and “like” the labor of conservation, they create new relational possibilities for and with science. For example, the researchers became newly engaged and engaging by narrating and displaying the parrots via an Internet-inflected aesthetic. The visibility of online modalities shifted accountabilities as researchers considered whom this crowdfunded work answered to and how to communicate their progress and results. The affordances of the Internet allowed researchers from the peripheries of the scientific establishment to produce genomic knowledge for globally dispersed audiences. The convergence of genomic and Internet technology here shaped scientific practice by facilitating new modes of participation—for laypeople in science but also for scientists in society.
Does low self-esteem predict lower wellbeing following relationship dissolution?
Authors: Cross Emily J. , Overall Nickola C. , Jayamaha Shanuki D. , Sibley Chris G.
Published: April 2021

People low in self-esteem are likely more vulnerable to the wellbeing costs of relationship dissolution. Yet, several methodological limitations may mean that prior studies have overestimated such vulnerability. Overcoming prior limitations, we apply propensity score matching (PSM) to compare the later wellbeing of matched samples who experienced a dissolution over the past year ( N = 1,333) versus remained in a romantic relationship ( N = 1,333). Controlling for pre-dissolution wellbeing, people who experienced a dissolution reported lower later wellbeing compared to people who remained in a relationship. Although this pattern was more pronounced for people initially lower in self-esteem, the relative effects were small. Using PSM to provide stringent tests of the wellbeing effects of dissolution reveals a general resilience when experiencing dissolution and indicates that the vulnerability of low self-esteem may be smaller than assumed. Acknowledging the strengths and limitations of the PSM approach, we consider theoretical and methodological implications.
Trends in gender studies within Japanese sociology
Authors: Sato Fumika
Published: April 2021

This article gives an overview of the last 20 years of gender studies in the context of Japanese sociology. First, it discusses women’s studies as a predecessor of gender studies and its historical development. Next, it outlines the annual changes observed in the number of publications that included the word ‘gender.’ Then, the article explains the two main tasks that gender studies have pursued – using actual research as examples. After that, the influence that translations of foreign research have had on Japanese gender studies is discussed. Finally, the article points to the three important challenges Japanese gender studies face currently.
A search for new urban narratives in the era of globalization: The case of urban sociology in Japan
Authors: Machimura Takashi
Published: April 2021

This article aims to describe the recent changes in urban sociology in Japan, especially by focusing on dominant urban narratives and their historical background. Japanese cities have rushed through a compressed modernity since the early 20th century. The sweeping crisis in the 21st century can be regarded partially as one of its consequences. New urban crises such as disparity and poverty, loss of habitat, internal populism, and various risks are emerging. At the same time, various challenges unique to cities are also rising. Incremental and contingent restructuring has been urged through a process of both merging and colliding of ‘the persistent’ and ‘the newly generated’ factors inside of cities. How do we imagine a sustainable form of cities through repositioning them in an uncertain future? More incisive urban research is now demanded to explain the relation between the social, political, cultural, and material factors in a city.
A qualitative study exploring the implementation determinants of rehabilitation and global wellness programs for orchestral musicians
Authors: Roos Marianne , Roy Jean-Sébastien , Lamontagne Marie-Eve
Published: April 2021

Objective:

To explore the facilitators and barriers to implementation of a pilot workplace rehabilitation and global wellness program for orchestral musicians.

Design:

Qualitative study comprising focus groups and interviews. Setting: Workplace of conservatory and orchestral musicians and administrators.

Participants:

Musicians, administrators and a conductor from two professional orchestras; tertiary-level orchestral students and an administrator from a conservatory of music.

Interventions:

We held four focus groups and two interviews to document the perspectives of the participants concerning the implementation determinants of a pilot workplace rehabilitation and wellness program (exercises and health-related education). Meetings consisted of questions based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Thematic content analysis was conducted using this same framework, with subcoding according to the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Results:

Fourteen musicians and five administrators participated. Results suggest that the implementation determinants for the pilot and future programs rely mainly on the Inner Setting, that is, what musicians refer to as ‘the music world’, specifically cultural elements such as pain beliefs (e.g. no pain no gain) and lack of resources and time (barriers). Characteristics of Individuals such as social influences amongst colleagues and beliefs about the consequences of self-care or lack thereof, and Intervention Characteristics such as complexity can be facilitators or barriers. All emerging themes have an undercurrent that lies in the Inner Setting.

Conclusion:

Musicians’ culture, currently a barrier, is a crucial determinant of rehabilitation and wellness program implementation in the orchestral musicians’ workplace. A focus on musicians’ workplace environment is necessary to optimise implementation and intervention impacts.
Assessing cerebral arterial pulse wave velocity using 4D flow MRI
Authors: Björnfot Cecilia , Garpebring Anders , Qvarlander Sara , Malm Jan , Eklund Anders , Wåhlin Anders
Published: April 2021

Intracranial arterial stiffening is a potential early marker of emerging cerebrovascular dysfunction and could be mechanistically involved in disease processes detrimental to brain function via several pathways. A prominent consequence of arterial wall stiffening is the increased velocity at which the systolic pressure pulse wave propagates through the vasculature. Previous non-invasive measurements of the pulse wave propagation have been performed on the aorta or extracranial arteries with results linking increased pulse wave velocity to brain pathology. However, there is a lack of intracranial “target-organ” measurements. Here we present a 4D flow MRI method to estimate pulse wave velocity in the intracranial vascular tree. The method utilizes the full detectable branching structure of the cerebral vascular tree in an optimization framework that exploits small temporal shifts that exists between waveforms sampled at varying depths in the vasculature. The method is shown to be stable in an internal consistency test, and of sufficient sensitivity to robustly detect age-related increases in intracranial pulse wave velocity.