bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interplay between the gold nanoparticle sub-cellular localization, size, and the photon energy for radiosensitization
Authors: Lechtman Eli , Pignol Jean-Philippe
Published: October 2017

There are large variations in the reported efficiency of gold nanoparticle (GNP) radiosensitization. We have previously reported on a predictive model, which accounts for the detailed Auger and photoelectron tracks to calculate the cell survival probability. After validating our model using PC-3 cells incubated with 2 mg/ml of 30 nm GNPs and irradiated with 100 kVp or 300 kVp beams, we evaluated the interplay between photon energy, GNP size (1.9 and 100 nm) and sub-cellular localization. Experiments were in excellent agreement with the model. In predictive modeling, using a 100 kVp source and 1.9 nm nanoparticles, GNP localization had a significant impact on cell survival. A sensitizer enhancement ratio of 1.34 was achieved when GNPs were localized outside the cells, increasing to 2.56 when GNPs were also distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Using a 300 kVp source, which emits photons mainly above the gold K-edge, the dependence on GNP localization and size was barely detectable, since long ranged electrons dominate the energy deposition. In summary, achieving intracellular uptake with targeted-GNPs can significantly enhance radiosensitization for photon energies below the gold K-edge, where Auger electrons contribute significantly to the local energy deposition. For higher energies, this is much less important.
Graphene-based nanolaminates as ultra-high permeation barriers
Authors: Sagade Abhay A. , Aria Adrianus I. , Edge Steven , Melgari Paolo , Gieseking Bjoern , Bayer Bernhard C. , Meyer Jannik C. , Bird David , Brewer Paul , Hofmann Stephan
Published: October 2017

Permeation barrier films are critical to a wide range of applications. In particular, for organic electronics and photovoltaics not only ultra-low permeation values are required but also optical transparency. A laminate structure thereby allows synergistic effects between different materials. Here, we report on a combination of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) to create in scalable fashion few-layer graphene/aluminium oxide-based nanolaminates. The resulting ~10 nm contiguous, flexible graphene-based films are >90% optically transparent and show water vapor transmission rates below 7 × 10−3 g/m2/day measured over areas of 5 × 5 cm2. We deploy these films to provide effective encapsulation for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with measured half-life times of 880 h in ambient.
Whole genome DNA methylation sequencing of the chicken retina, cornea and brain
Authors: Lee Isac , Rasoul Bejan A. , Holub Ashton S. , Lejeune Alannah , Enke Raymond A. , Timp Winston
Published: October 2017

Whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) analysis of DNA methylation uses massively parallel next generation sequencing technology to characterize global epigenetic patterns and fluctuations throughout a range of tissue samples. Development of the vertebrate retina is thought to involve extensive epigenetic reprogramming during embryogenesis. The chicken embryo (Gallus gallus) is a classic model system for studying developmental biology and retinogenesis, however, there are currently no publicly available data sets describing the developing chicken retinal methylome. Here we used Illumina WGBS analysis to characterize genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation in the developing chicken retina as well as cornea and brain in an effort to further our understanding of retina-specific epigenetic regulation. These data will be valuable to the vision research community for correlating global changes in DNA methylation to differential gene expression between ocular and neural tissues during critical developmental time points of retinogenesis in the chicken retina.
Sexual dimorphism of AMBRA1-related autistic features in human and mouse
Authors: Mitjans M , Begemann M , Ju A , Dere E , Wüstefeld L , Hofer S , Hassouna I , Balkenhol J , Oliveira B , van der Auwera S , Tammer R , Hammerschmidt K , Völzke H , Homuth G , Cecconi F , Chowdhury K , Grabe H , Frahm J , Boretius S , Dandekar T , Ehrenreich H
Published: October 2017

Ambra1is linked to autophagy and neurodevelopment. HeterozygousAmbra1deficiency induces autism-like behavior in a sexually dimorphic manner. Extraordinarily, autistic features are seen in female mice only, combined with stronger Ambra1 protein reduction in brain compared to males. However, significance ofAMBRA1for autistic phenotypes in humans and, apart from behavior, for other autism-typical features, namely early brain enlargement or increased seizure propensity, has remained unexplored. Here we show in two independent human samples that a single normalAMBRA1genotype, the intronic SNP rs3802890-AA, is associated with autistic features in women, who also display lowerAMBRA1mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells relative to female GG carriers. Located within a non-coding RNA, likely relevant for mRNA and protein interaction, rs3802890 (A versus G allele) may affect its stability through modification of folding, as predicted byin silicoanalysis. Searching for further autism-relevant characteristics inAmbra1+/−mice, we observe reduced interest of female but not male mutants regarding pheromone signals of the respective other gender in the social intellicage set-up. Moreover, altered pentylentetrazol-induced seizure propensity, anin vivoreadout of neuronal excitation–inhibition dysbalance, becomes obvious exclusively in female mutants. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals mild prepubertal brain enlargement in both genders, uncoupling enhanced brain dimensions from the primarily female expression of all other autistic phenotypes investigated here. These data support a role ofAMBRA1/Ambra1partial loss-of-function genotypes for female autistic traits. Moreover, they suggestAmbra1heterozygous mice as a novel multifaceted and construct-valid genetic mouse model for female autism.
Chemical state and isotope ratio analysis of individual uranium particles by a combination of micro-Raman spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Yomogida T. , Esaka F. , Magara M.
Published: October 2017

An analytical procedure using micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was developed to elucidate both the chemical states and isotope ratios of individual micron-sized uranium particles.
Temperature-responsive split aptamers coupled with polymerase chain reaction for label-free and sensitive detection of cancer cells
Authors: Tang Jinlu , He Xiaoxiao , Lei Yanli , Shi Hui , Guo Qiuping , Liu Jianbo , He Dinggeng , Yan Lv’an , Wang Kemin
Published: October 2017

A label-free and general thermo-controlled split apta-PCR strategy was developed and used for the sensitive and specific detection of cancer cells.
Size effects and odd–even effects in MoS2 nanosheets: first-principles studies
Authors: Joo Paul H. , Cheng Jianli , Yang Kesong
Published: October 2017

First-principles calculations predict an odd–even effect on the formation energy of sulfur dimer vacancies in MoS2 nanosheets.
Tuning the flexibility of interpenetrated frameworks by a small difference in the fluorene moiety
Authors: Ma Yunsheng , Harada Yuki , Hori Akihiro , Hijikata Yuh , Li Liangchun , Matsuda Ryotaro
Published: October 2017

A small difference in a ligand influences the interactions between the individual networks of interpenetrated frameworks, causing the change of structural flexibility.
Synthesis and ORR electrocatalytic activity of mixed Mn–Co oxides derived from divalent metal-based MIL-53 analogues
Authors: Yao Lili , Yang Wenxiu , Liu Huiling , Jia Jianbo , Wu Guohua , Liu Dan , Liu Ting , Tan Taixing , Wang Cheng
Published: October 2017

Four mixed Mn–Co oxides were synthesized from multivariant MIL-53 precursors and showed superior ORR activities in alkaline media.
Promising properties of ALD boron nitride nanotube mats for water purification
Authors: Hao W. , Marichy C. , Brioude A.
Published: October 2017

ALD BN nanotube mats are successfully applied as reusable absorptive sponges and filters for oil/organic solvents.
Air-stable and water-resistant all-inorganic perovskite quantum dot films for white-light-emitting applications
Authors: Ren Jiejun , Dong Xuan , Zhang Gangyi , Li Tianrong , Wang Yuhua
Published: October 2017

This work synthesized perovskite quantum dot (PeQDs) films with great stability, and fabricated PeQD white LEDs with high efficiency.
Ionic-surfactant-coated subtilisin: activity, enantioselectivity, and application to dynamic kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols
Authors: Kim Kyungwoo , Lee Eungyeong , Kim Cheolwoo , Park Jaiwook , Kim Mahn-Joo
Published: October 2017

The faster dynamic kinetic resolutions of secondary alcohols were achieved with ionic surfactant-coated Bacillus licheniformis subtilisin.
Silver-catalyzed decarboxylative acylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with α-oxo-carboxylic acids
Authors: Zeng Xiaobao , Liu Chulong , Wang Xingyong , Zhang Jianlan , Wang Xinyan , Hu Yuefei
Published: October 2017

A novel silver-catalyzed decarboxylative acylation of α-oxo-carboxylic acids was developed, by which various 3-acyl quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones were synthesized by direct C–H bond acylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones.
Synthesis of carbazole-based BODIPY dimers showing red fluorescence in the solid state
Authors: Maeda Chihiro , Todaka Takumi , Ueda Tomomi , Ema Tadashi
Published: October 2017

Carbazole-based BODIPY dimers 2a–g were synthesized via direct arylation.
New application of AIEgens realized in photodetectors: reduced work function of transparent electrodes and much improved performance
Authors: Feng Lei , Wang Can , Deng Xianyu , Miao Xincheng , Wang Jiaqiang , Wang Yangyang , Li Zhen
Published: October 2017

Highly sensitive organic photodetectors were achieved by the work function reduction of transparent electrodes with AIE molecules.
Promotional effect of niobium substitution on the low-temperature activity of a WO3/CeZrOxmonolithic catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NOxwith NH3
Authors: Xu Haidi , Lin Qingjin , Wang Yun , Lan Li , Liu Shuang , Lin Chenlu , Wang Qin , Wang Jianli , Chen Yaoiqng
Published: October 2017

Optimal WO3substituted by Nb2O5could obviously improve the low-temperature NH3-SCR activity of WO3/Ce0.68Zr0.32O2, and the Nb-substituted catalyst showed excellent SO2and H2O tolerance could be a promising candidate for NH3-SCR catalyst.
Novel layer-by-layer self-assembled peptide nanocarriers for siRNA delivery
Authors: Bozdoğan Betül , Akbal Öznur , Çelik Ekin , Türk Mustafa , Denkbaş Emir Baki
Published: October 2017

Novel stable diphenylalaninamide peptide based nanocarriers were designed by layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte deposition to load siRNA for gene silencing.
Chemical vapor deposition of CuO on ZSM-5 membrane for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of phenol in a fixed bed reactor
Authors: He Donglin , Zhang Huiping , Yan Ying
Published: October 2017

Complete removal of phenol and high TOC reduction (around 60%) can be achieved over CuO supported on ZSM-5 membrane.
Experimental and theoretical studies of the [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of prenyl azides
Authors: Porta Exequiel O. J. , Vallejos Margarita M. , Bracca Andrea B. J. , Labadie Guillermo R.
Published: October 2017

[3,3]-Sigmatropic rearrangement of isoprenyl azides has been extensively investigated in an experimental and theoretical level.
Effects of multifunctional cross-linkers on rheology and adhesion of soft nanostructured materials
Authors: Callies X. , Véchambre C. , Fonteneau C. , Herbst F. , Chenal J.-M. , Pensec S. , Chazeau L. , Binder W. H. , Bouteiller L. , Creton C.
Published: October 2017

We investigate the nanostructure, the rheology and the adhesion of soft supramolecular materials elaborated by blending monofunctional and multifunctional poly(isobutene) (PIB) chains.
Self-coacervation of modular squid beak proteins – a comparative study
Authors: Cai Hao , Gabryelczyk Bartosz , Manimekalai Malathy S. S. , Grüber Gerhard , Salentinig Stefan , Miserez Ali
Published: October 2017

The work describes the self-coacervation properties of histidine-rich squid beak proteins, the main biomolecular components of the squid beak.
Insights into the interfacial structure–function of poly(ethylene glycol)-decorated peptide-stabilised nanoscale emulsions
Authors: Tayeb Hossam H. , Piantavigna Stefania , Howard Christopher B. , Nouwens Amanda , Mahler Stephen M. , Middelberg Anton P. J. , He Lizhong , Holt Stephen A. , Sainsbury Frank
Published: October 2017

This work provides describes the presentation and accessibility of functional moieties, such as targeting ligands, on peptide-stabilised nanocarrier emulsions.
Hybrid particle-continuum simulations coupling Brownian dynamics and local dynamic density functional theory
Authors: Qi Shuanhu , Schmid Friederike
Published: October 2017

A hybrid particle-continuum representation of a polymer solution with implicit solvent, which is controlled by a predefined tuning function.
Understanding chain folding morphology of semicrystalline polymers based on a rod–coil multiblock model
Authors: Liu Faqiang , Sun Tongjie , Tang Ping , Zhang Hongdong , Qiu Feng
Published: October 2017

We employ a rod–coil multiblock molecular chain model to investigate chain folding behavior, which is a significant characteristic in semicrystalline polymers, by using the method of self-consistent field theory (SCFT).
From covalent triazine-based frameworks to N-doped porous carbon/reduced graphene oxide nanosheets: efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction
Authors: Jiao Long , Hu Yingli , Ju Huanxin , Wang Chunde , Gao Min-Rui , Yang Qing , Zhu Junfa , Yu Shu-Hong , Jiang Hai-Long
Published: October 2017

Based on covalent triazine-based frameworks, N-doped porous carbon/rGO nanosheets are prepared which exhibit excellent performance toward oxygen reduction.
Facile and tailored synthesis of ultrahigh-surface-area clews of carbon nanobelts for high-rate lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zeng Shao-Zhong , Zeng Xierong , Tu Wenxuan , Yao Yuechao , Yu Liang , Wu Hongliang , Jin Wenwu , Huang Haitao , Zou Jizhao
Published: October 2017

Hierarchical clews of carbon nanobelts (CsCNBs) with surface area up to 3445 m2g−1have been synthesized by a template-free method from low cost raw materials.
Are metals and pyrene levels additional factors playing a pivotal role in air pollution-induced inflammation in taxi drivers?
Authors: Gauer Bruna , Brucker Natália , Barth Anelise , Arbo Marcelo D. , Gioda Adriana , Thiesen Flávia V. , Nardi Jessica , Garcia Solange C.
Published: October 2017

This study aimed to evaluate which xenobiotic (As, Hg, Pb or pyrenes) is primarily responsible for the inflammatory process in taxi drivers. Multiple regression analysis showed that Hg is the main xenobiotic responsible for the increase of cytokine levels. These associations suggest that co-exposure to pollutants could be a risk factor for health effects.
Optimisation for accuracy improving of MSB signal detection
Authors: Ye Yunfei , Wang Ping , Wu Ning , Ge Fen , Zhou Fang
Published: October 2017

Aimed to eliminate the lift‐off effect on the accuracy of the result of Barkhausen noise detection, this Letter simulated three conditions of the yoke by Ansoft. After studying the simulation results, it proposed a new sensor structure, utilising the mechanical structure of the spring to eliminate the lift‐off of the pick‐up coil and the BP neural network was adopted to optimise the detected magnetic Barkhausen noise characteristic value. At last, it verifies that the detection error caused by the lift‐off of the sensor is reduced effectively.
Hybrid method for power system transient stability prediction based on two‐stage computing resources
Authors: Tang Yi , Li Feng , Wang Qi , Xu Yan
Published: October 2017

Accurate and prompt transient stability prediction is one of the effective ways to reduce the risk of blackout or cascading failures. In an effort to achieve improvements in time efficiency and prediction accuracy, a new transient stability prediction method combining trajectory fitting (TF) and extreme learning machine (ELM) based on two‐stage process, named hybrid method, is proposed here. ELM‐based method is implemented in central station to ensure the time efficiency, while TF‐based method is adopted in local station to guarantee the accuracy. Furthermore, data corruption is taken into consideration to assure the robustness of the proposed algorithm. The hybrid method is validated with the New England 39‐bus test system and the simulation results indicate its effectiveness and reliability.
Anomaly detection and localisation in the crowd scenes using a block‐based social force model
Authors: Ji Qing‐Ge , Chi Rui , Lu Zhe‐Ming
Published: October 2017

A novel approach to detect and localise anomalous events in crowed scenes by processing surveillance videos is introduced in this study. Unusual events are those that significantly differ from current dominated behaviours. The proposed approach both detects pixel‐level and block‐level anomalies. In pixel level, Gaussian mixture models are used to detect abnormalities. Block‐level detection segments the crowd into blocks according to pedestrian detection, and then anomalies are spotted and localised with a social force model. Experimental results using the USCD datasets Ped1 and Ped2 show that the proposed method performs favourably against state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Short‐term traffic forecasting using self‐adjusting k‐nearest neighbours
Authors: Sun Bin , Cheng Wei , Goswami Prashant , Bai Guohua
Published: October 2017

Short‐term traffic forecasting is becoming more important in intelligent transportation systems. The k‐nearest neighbour (kNN) method is widely used for short‐term traffic forecasting. However, the self‐adjustment of kNN parameters has been a problem due to dynamic traffic characteristics. This study proposes a fully automatic dynamic procedure kNN (DP‐kNN) that makes the kNN parameters self‐adjustable and robust without predefined models or training for the parameters. A real‐world dataset with more than one year traffic records is used to conduct experiments. The results show that the DP‐kNN can perform better than the manually adjusted kNN and other benchmarking methods in terms of accuracy on average. This study also discusses the difference between holiday and workday traffic prediction as well as the usage of neighbour distance measurement.
Personal Listening Devices in Australia: Patterns of Use and Levels of Risk
Authors: Nguyen Jenny , Beach Elizabeth , Barr Caitlin , Gilliver Megan
Published: October 2017

Personal listening devices (PLDs) have the potential to increase the risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) for users. The present study aimed to investigate the nature and extent of the risk posed, by describing the user profile of a PLD population, identifying listening habits of that population, and examining whether PLD risk status is associated with hearing damage. A sample of 4,185 Australian PLD users completed an online survey about listening behaviors and hearing health. Listeners were characterized as low, high, or very high-risk based on daily noise dose estimates calculated from self-reported listening volume and durations. Listening patterns and hearing difficulties were examined in relation to risk status. Results indicated differences in listening volumes and durations with respect to age, with higher listening volumes reported for environments with greater background noise. Fifteen percent of participants' usage was classified as posing a potential risk to hearing, with a significantly greater proportion of younger people in higher-risk categories. Forty-one percent of participants reported feeling they have a hearing loss, with ∼20% reporting difficulties with speech in noise. For 18- to 35-year-olds, higher-risk status was associated with a greater proportion of self-reported hearing difficulties, including perceived poorer speech perception. These results have implications for hearing health promotion activities and suggest that messages should focus on either volume levels or durations depending on the particular activity in which the PLD is used. In addition, the results underline the importance of placing PLD exposure in the context of individuals' wider noise exposure. Although PLD use alone is not placing the majority of users at risk, it may be increasing the likelihood that individuals' cumulative noise exposure will exceed safe levels.
Attitudes, Risk Behavior, and Noise Exposure among Young Adults with Hearing Problems: Identifying a Typology
Authors: Hunter Abby
Published: October 2017

This study explored attitudes toward leisure noise, use of hearing protection, and perceived susceptibility to leisure-noise damage in young adults with hearing problems. Twelve participants aged between 18 and 35 years took part in a semistructured interview. Data were analyzed using framework analysis. The results showed that a positive attitude to noise, a passion for loud music, a lack of knowledge of the consequences of noise damage, and perceived low risk of hearing problems were associated with people not using earplugs. The aesthetics, comfort, perceived effects on music quality and attitude of others were all barriers to earplug use. Of those who had used earplugs, previous hearing-related symptoms and concern about future hearing damage were the main motivators for use. Four types of people were identified to describe the variation in attitudes and behaviors: those who had no change in behavior or concern about damage; those who were concerned and used earplugs; those who were concerned and avoided loud venues; and those who were concerned about communication difficulties only. Considering the wide variability, it may be more effective to shift attention from trying to change individual attitudes and behaviors to considering systemic changes to protect hearing, through ensuring the music industry and relevant authorities take greater responsibility.
A Case Report of a Ganglion Cell Containing Giant Pituitary Adenoma Showing Unusual Demographic and Radiological Features
Authors: Fonseca Anil , Vijaya Kishore , Siva Reddy B. , Verma Ravi
Published: October 2017

The occurrence of a ganglion cell containing pituitary adenoma is an uncommon entity. We report a rare case of a sellar mass of ganglion cell containing pituitary adenoma showing unusual demographic and radiologic features.
Ultrasonic Assessment of Cervical Heterogeneity for Prediction of Spontaneous Preterm Birth: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Ghorayeb Sleiman , Blitz Matthew , Harris Kemoy , Vohra Nidhi , Sison Cristina , Rochelson Burton , Pachtman Sarah
Published: October 2017

Background In a normal pregnancy, cervical collagen fibers remain organized in predictable patterns throughout most of the gestation. Cervical remodeling reflects a rearrangement of collagen fibers in which they become increasingly disordered and contribute to the pathogenesis of spontaneous preterm birth. Quantitative ultrasound analysis of cervical tissue echotexture may have the capacity to identify microstructural changes before the onset of cervical shortening.

Objective The primary objective of this study was to examine the utility of a novel quantitative sonographic marker, the cervical heterogeneity index (HI), which reflects the relative organization of cervical collagen fibers. Also, we aimed to determine an optimal HI cut-point to predict spontaneous preterm birth.

Study Design This retrospective cohort study employed a novel image-processing technique on transvaginal ultrasound images of the cervix in gestations between 14 and 28 completed weeks. The transvaginal sonography images were analyzed in MATLAB (MathWorks, Natick, MA) using a custom image-processing technique that assessed the relative heterogeneity of the cervical tissue.

Results A total of 151 subjects were included in the study. The mean HI in subjects who delivered preterm and at term was 8.28 ± 3.73 and 12.35 ± 5.80, respectively (p < 0.0001). Thus, decreased tissue heterogeneity was associated with preterm birth, and increased tissue heterogeneity was associated with delivery at term. In our study population, preterm birth was associated with a short cervix (<2.5 cm), history of preterm birth and lower HI, and our findings indicate that HI may improve prediction of preterm birth.

Conclusion Quantitative ultrasound measurement of the cervical HI is a promising, noninvasive tool for early prediction of spontaneous preterm birth.
Neues beim Adrenogenitalen Syndrom
Authors: Reisch Nicole
Published: October 2017

Was ist neu?

Therapie Bei Erwachsenen steht neben Hydrokortison, Predniso(lo)n und Dexamethason auch Plenadren® (Hydrokortison mit veränderter Wirkstofffreisetzung) zur Hormonsubstitution zur Verfügung. Aktuell befindet sich zusätzlich Chronocort®, ein weiteres Hydrokortison-Präparat mit veränderter Wirkstofffreisetzung in der Phase III und wird voraussichtlich ab Ende 2018 für die Behandlung des adrenogenitalen Syndroms (AGS) zugelassen.

Sonderfall pränatale Therapie mit Dexamethason Die pränatale Therapie mit Dexamethason ist eine experimentelle Therapie zur Minimierung einer pränatalen Virilisierung von Mädchen in Schwangerschaften mit einem Risiko für ein Kind mit klassischem Adrenogenitalen Syndrom (AGS). Da die Therapie, um effektiv zu sein, zu einem frühen Zeitpunkt der Schwangerschaft ohne Kenntnis der Diagnose eingesetzt werden muss, ist sie ethisch höchst umstritten. Etwaige Langzeiteffekte auf die Gehirnentwicklung und metabolische Entwicklung von unnötig behandelten gesunden Feten sind mangels Studien mit ausreichender Fallzahl unklar. Es gibt eine neue S1-Leitlinie aller beteiligten Fachgesellschaften, die das ethische Dilemma klar darlegt und das aktuelle Vorgehen in Deutschland zusammenfasst.

Morbidität und Mortalität Studien der letzten Jahre haben gezeigt, dass die Morbidität und Mortalität beim AGS erhöht ist. Die erhöhte Morbidität betrifft insbesondere die kardiovaskuläre und metabolische Gesundheit. Es sollte daher ein regelmäßiges Screening bezüglich etwaiger Komorbiditäten erfolgen. Die Haupttodesursache sind Nebennierenkrisen. Zur optimierten Nebennierenkrisenprävention wurde in Deutschland ein standardisiertes und zertifiziertes Schulungskonzept mit Fallbeispielen und praktischen Übungen entwickelt, welches neu an vielen spezialisierten Zentren zur Patientenschulung eingesetzt wird.
Pflegestandard Apherese
Authors: Heigl Franz , Rziha Kerstin , Schettler Volker J.J. , Hettich Reinhard , Pflederer Tobias , Filleböck Silvana , Grimaldi Andrea , Schindele Isabel , Schnur Jens , Franke Katrin , Kirchner Anika , Johne Kerstin , Neubert Elke , Julius Ulrich , Hohenstein Bernd
Published: October 2017

Bei der Apherese handelt es sich um ein der Hämodialyse ähnliches und in der
Regel von Nephrologen durchgeführtes extrakorporales Eliminationsverfahren.
Daher liegt es nahe, die pflegerischen Aufgaben ebenfalls in die Hände von
nephrologischem Fachpersonal zu legen. Allerdings sind die Erfahrungen mit der
therapeutischen Apherese aufgrund des zahlenmäßig wesentlich selteneren
Einsatzes nicht nur in ärztlicher, sondern auch in pflegerischer Hinsicht im
Vergleich zur extrakorporalen Nierenersatztherapie relativ begrenzt. Außerdem
ergeben sich im Vergleich zur Dialyse zum Teil erhebliche Unterschiede bei der
Betreuung der Patienten. Diese resultieren einerseits aus den verschiedenen
Aphereseverfahren, andererseits aus den unterschiedlichen Grunderkrankungen,
sprich Aphereseindikationen. Nichtärztliche Mitarbeiter tragen jedoch ganz
entscheidend zum Gelingen der therapeutischen Apherese bei. Sie übernehmen ein
hohes Maß an Eigenverantwortung für medizinisch-technische, pflegerische und
organisatorische Aufgaben und liefern insbesondere durch die Berücksichtigung
psychosozialer Aspekte einen wertvollen Beitrag zum Therapieerfolg, also zur
Verbesserung von Prognose und Lebensqualität der schwerkranken Patienten.
Dementsprechend müssen in einem Standard der therapeutischen Apherese auch
pflegerische Aspekte Berücksichtigung finden, die sich nicht immer 1:1 aus
Dialyseerfahrungen herleiten lassen.
Liquorzytologie: Methoden und Möglichkeiten
Authors: Isenmann Stefan , Strik Herwig , Wick Manfred , Gross Catharina C.
Published: October 2017

Neben der Liquor-chemischen, immunologischen und mikrobiologischen Analyse gehört die liquorzytologische Diagnostik wesentlich zur Analyse
des Liquors – insbesondere für die Diagnostik und Differenzialdiagnostik Liquorraum-naher entzündlicher, infektiöser, hämorrhagischer und
neoplastischer Prozesse. Dieser Artikel fasst Voraussetzungen, Vorgehensweise, Techniken und typische Befundkonstellationen zusammen.
Development of a porcine model for assessment of mucosal repair following endoscopic resection of the lower gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Etchepare Nicolas , Bregeon Jérémy , Quénéhervé Lucille , Haddara Sami , Touchefeu Yann , Neunlist Michel , Coron Emmanuel
Published: October 2017

Background and aims Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is widely performed for the treatment of colorectal polyps. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of mucosal repair, including in situations at high risk of post-polypectomy bleeding, remain largely unknown. The objective of our study was to develop a porcine model of EMR in the lower gastrointestinal tract to monitor mucosal wound healing over time.

Methods Under general anesthesia, five large wounds were created in the lower gastrointestinal tract at different times, i. e. at day 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14, by multiband EMR, in each of the six pigs in the study. A colorectal resection was performed at day 14 and the animal euthanized. Repeated endoscopic and endomicroscopic examination, and histological analysis were performed.

Results No complications occurred and all animals reached the study end point. The endoscopic aspect of wound healing evolved into different phases with first a fibrin deposit covering the wounds which then gave way to granulomatous tissue. The size of the wound regressed significantly as early as day 3. Re-epithelialization of the wound started from day 7, and neo-mucosal crypts appeared from day 10. The endomicroscopic analysis described a ‘ground glass appearance’ from day 3 and irregular crypts from day 10, which was consistent with histological data. Good agreement between macroscopic, endomicroscopic, and histological parameters of mucosal wound healing was observed in vivo.

Conclusion This study demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of an experimental in vivo porcine model of lower gastrointestinal endoscopic resections to monitor tissue repair. This model might be helpful to document pharmacological approaches for preventing complications of endoscopic procedures performed in humans.
Horizon Scanning im Gesundheitswesen – wo steht Deutschland?
Authors: Krabbe Laura , Buchberger Barbara
Published: October 2017

Hintergrund Entscheidungsträger im Gesundheitswesen handeln in einem Umfeld, in dem Erwartungen steigen, neue nutzenbringende Technologien so schnell wie möglich verfügbar zu machen, Patienten vor gefährlichen oder unwirksamen Technologien zu schützen und im Zuge dessen die Diffusion einer Technologie zu be- oder entschleunigen. Horizon Scanning (HS) ist ein Prozess, um frühzeitig einflussreiche neue und aufstrebende Technologien zu identifizieren und über deren potenzielle Auswirkungen auf das Gesundheitssystem zu informieren.

Ziel der Arbeit Darstellung der Methodik von HS, weltweit bestehender Aktivitäten und des Status quo in Deutschland.

Methodik Eine systematische Literaturrecherche wurde im April 2015 durchgeführt und durch Handsuchen ergänzt. Zudem erfolgte eine qualitative Befragung von Experten im deutschen Gesundheitssystem.

Ergebnisse Es konnten 27 formale HS-Systeme (HSS) weltweit identifiziert werden, von denen 18 dem „International Information Network on New and Emerging Health Technologies“ angegliedert sind. Im Wesentlichen werden dieselben Prozessschritte angewendet, können aber aufgrund unterschiedlicher Strukturen und Interessen der Gesundheitssysteme methodische Unterschiede aufweisen. In Deutschland existiert kein offizielles HSS. Die Befragung der Experten zeigte, dass zum Teil Unkenntnis herrscht und das Verständnis von HS variiert, grundsätzlich aber ein Bedarf zu bestehen scheint.

Schlussfolgerung Der systematische HS-Prozess kann an die Gegebenheiten und Ziele eines Gesundheitssystems angepasst werden und findet international Anklang. In Deutschland könnte HS dazu beitragen, Entscheidungsträgern und Interessengruppen frühzeitig Informationen zu verschaffen und sie bei ihren Entscheidungen zu unterstützen.
Im Fallbeispiel: Wiedererlangen der Alltagskompetenzen nach
einem Sturzereignis
Authors: Thiel René
Published: October 2017

Sturz und seine Folgen In diesem Fallbeispiel wird auf Grundlage der
Anamnese und der ausgewählten Assessments die Auswahl von Pflegekonzepten zum
Thema Mobilität und Sturz erläutert. Wie kann durch die Umsetzung des
Pflegeprozesses das individuelle Ziel optimal erreichbar gemacht werden?
Mundgesundheit in der Versorgung alter
Menschen
Authors: Bartoszek Gabriele , Sirsch Erika
Published: October 2017

Rolle der Pflegenden Mundgesundheit ist ein zentrales Thema in der
Versorgung alter Menschen, sie hat direkte Auswirkungen auf die Lebensqualität.
Pflegende haben direkten Einfluss auf die Mundgesundheit. Umfangreiches Wissen
ist nötig, um die Mundpflege durchzuführen, Risiken und Beeinträchtigungen zu
erkennen und ggf. eine zahnärztliche Behandlung zu veranlassen. Pflegende haben
somit eine zentrale Position in der Versorgung alter Menschen, um einer bisher
mitunter vernachlässigten Mundgesundheit den erforderlichen Stellenwert zu
verschaffen.
Ein neues Lagerungsmanöver zur Behandlung einer Form von
Schwankschwindel auf der Basis eines modifizierten Modells der Macula
utriculi
Authors: Koch Erich
Published: October 2017

Schwindel ist eines der Hauptsymptome unseres Fachgebietes, das in vielen Fällen
interdisziplinär abgeklärt werden muss. In den letzten Jahren haben sich die
diagnostischen Möglichkeiten, ausgehend von den seit Jahren bewährten Lagerungen
und der kalorischen Prüfung, erheblich erweitert, so dass heute wesentlich
differenzierter die zugrunde liegenden Störungen erkannt werden können.
Gleichwohl sind sowohl in diagnostischer als auch therapeutischer Sicht immer
noch viele Fragen offen. In dem nachfolgenden Artikel stellt der Kollege Koch
ein neues Lagerungsmanöver als Therapieoption vor, das er bei vorwiegend älteren
Patienten angewendet hat, die einen diffusen Schwankschwindel beim Gehen und
Stehen, nicht jedoch im Sitzen oder Liegen hatten. Ausgehend von seinen
Behandlungserfolgen schlägt er als Erklärung eine Modifikation des gängigen
Modells der Macula utriculi vor, die ein weiterer Beitrag in der aktuellen
Diskussion zum Thema „Schwindel“ sein sollen. Zur weiteren Aufklärung wäre es
interessant zu untersuchen, ob die von dem Autor vorgestellte Patientengruppe im
Video-Kopfimpulstest verdeckte Sakkaden aufweisen.
Kosten-Minimierungsanalyse für die Behandlung nervöser
Unruhezustände – Ein Vergleich von Passionsblumenkraut-Trockenextrakt
(PASCOFLAIR®) mit Benzodiazepinen
Authors: Blaich Cornelia , Thiem Helena , Potempa Christoph
Published: October 2017

Zielsetzung Die Zahl der Patienten, die unter nervösen Unruhezuständen
leiden, nimmt durch die Doppelbelastung von Familie und Beruf sowie den
steigenden Leistungsdruck ungemein zu. In der Analyse sollen zwei mögliche
Therapiealternativen der nervösen Unruhe im Rahmen einer gesundheitsökonomischen
Evaluation verglichen werden: Passionsblumenkraut-Trockenextrakt (PBK-TE,
PASCOFLAIR®) und Benzodiazepine.

Methodik Mithilfe eines Entscheidungsbaums werden über eine
Kosten-Minimierungsanalyse die erwarteten Kosten (direkte Arztkosten und
indirekte Kosten für eventuelle Entzugsbehandlungen und Komplikationen) für
einen betroffenen Patienten mit nervöser Unruhe in Abhängigkeit der beiden
Therapiealternativen berechnet. Darüber hinaus werden die Ergebnisse anhand
einer univariaten Sensitivitätsanalyse auf ihre Robustheit hin überprüft.

Ergebnisse Die Behandlung mit PBK-TE verursacht mit 61,48 € pro Patient
die geringsten erwarteten Kosten, während sich eine Therapie mit Benzodiazepinen
auf Kosten in Höhe von 64,10 € beläuft (inkrementelle Kosten von 2,62 €
zugunsten von PBK-TE). Werden diese Kosten auf alle Erkrankten hochgerechnet,
können aus Sicht der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung jährlich 11 858 480,64 €
eingespart werden.

Schlussfolgerung Die Behandlung nervöser Unruhe mit PBK-TE verursacht mit
durchschnittlich 61,48 € pro Patient die geringsten erwarteten Kosten, da teure
Entzugsbehandlungen und Komplikationen aufgrund einer nicht auftretenden
Abhängigkeitsentwicklung entfallen.
Bronchitis plastica – Akute Luftnot und bronchiale Ausgusspräparate
Authors: Wischmann P. , Keymel S. , Kelm M. , Krüger S.
Published: October 2017

Eine 65-jährige Patientin stellte sich mit Dyspnoe, zunehmendem Husten und Abhusten von sehr zähen, länglichen Sekretpropfen vor. Sie war multipel schwer kardial vorerkrankt und litt an einer chronischen Herzinsuffizienz. Im CT-Thorax zeigten sich ausgedehnte pulmonale Infiltrate beidseits, eine unspezifische mediastinale Lymphadenopathie und eine Erweiterung der pulmonalen Lymphgefäße. Bronchoskopisch fanden sich gallertige zähe Ausgusspräparate der Atemwege. Es wurde die Diagnose einer Bronchitis plastica gestellt. Unter einer Therapie mit inhalativem unfraktioniertem Heparin kam es zu einer Besserung. Fazit: Die Bronchitis plastica ist eine seltene Erkrankung, die durch die Bildung von Bronchialausgüssen charakterisiert ist. Man findet sie gehäuft bei kardialen Erkrankungen oder Lymphgefäßerkrankungen.
Curcumin Protects Mitochondria and Cardiomyocytes from Oxidative Damage and Apoptosis Induced by Hemiscorpius Lepturus Venom
Authors: Naserzadeh Parvaneh , Mehr Sara , Sadabadi Zeinab , Seydi Enayatollah , Salimi Ahmad , Pourahmad Jalal
Published: October 2017

The main aim of the current study was to determine cardio-toxicity mechanisms of H. lepturus and protective effect of curcumin against this toxin in rats, using isolated heart mitochondria and cardiomyocytes. Our findings indicated that H. lepturus venom caused significantly ((P<0.05) cytotoxicity and caspase 3 activation in cardiomyocytes and mitochondrial dysfunction including increased mitochondrial ROS level, swelling in the mitochondria, decline in the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), decrease in the cytochrome-c oxidase activity (complex IV), decrease ATP level and finally mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) rupture in isolated mitochondria. Our results showed that the administration of curcumin efficiently decreased (P<0.05) cytotoxicity and caspase 3 activation, ROS formation, MMP collapse, mitochondrial swelling and mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) rupture. Our findings suggest H. lepturus venom cusses a disruptive effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain, especially on complex II, and IV that predispose cardiomyocytes to ATP depletion and death signaling that could be protected with administration of curcumin.
5,4′-Dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavanone and Aliarin from Dodonaea viscosa Are Activators of PPARγ
Authors: Zhu Jing-Jie , Ji Jun , Hou Ai-Jun , Wang He-Yao
Published: October 2017

PPARγ agonists are widely used medications in diabetes mellitus therapy. Their role in improving adipose tissue function contributes to antidiabetic effects. The extracts of Dodonaea viscosa have been reported to exert antidiabetic activity. However, the effective mediators and the underlying mechanisms were largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the action on PPARγ transactivation and adipocyte modulation of two typical flavonoid constituents from D. viscosa, 5,4′-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavanone and aliarin. Our results showed that 5,4′-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavanone and aliarin were potential partial PPARγ agonists. The compounds induced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, with an upregulated adiponectin mRNA level and enhanced insulin sensitivity. The favorable effects of 5,4′-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavanone, aliarin, and other flavonoid constituents on adipocytes might contribute to the antidiabetic efficacy of D. viscosa.
Development of a cryogenically cooled platform for the Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) Program
Authors: Awe T. J. , Shelton K. P. , Sefkow A. B. , Lamppa D. C. , Baker J. L. , Rovang D. C. , Robertson G. K.
Published: October 2017

A cryogenically cooled hardware platform has been developed and commissioned on the Z Facility at Sandia National Laboratories in support of the Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) Program. MagLIF is a magneto-inertial fusion concept that employs a magnetically imploded metallic tube (liner) to compress and inertially confine premagnetized and preheated fusion fuel. The fuel is preheated using a ∼2 kJ laser that must pass through a ∼1.5-3.5-μm-thick polyimide “window” at the target’s laser entrance hole (LEH). As the terawatt-class laser interacts with the dense window, laser plasma instabilities (LPIs) can develop, which reduce the preheat energy delivered to the fuel, initiate fuel contamination, and degrade target performance. Cryogenically cooled targets increase the parameter space accessible to MagLIF target designs by allowing nearly 10 times thinner windows to be used for any accessible gas density. Thinner LEH windows reduce the deleterious effects of difficult to model LPIs. The Z Facility’s cryogenic infrastructure has been significantly altered to enable compatibility with the premagnetization and fuel preheat stages of MagLIF. The MagLIF cryostat brings the liquid helium coolant directly to the target via an electrically resistive conduit. This design maximizes cooling power while allowing rapid diffusion of the axial magnetic field supplied by external Helmholtz-like coils. A variety of techniques have been developed to mitigate the accumulation of ice from vacuum chamber contaminants on the cooled LEH window, as even a few hundred nanometers of ice would impact laser energy coupling to the fuel region. The MagLIF cryostat has demonstrated compatibility with the premagnetization and preheat stages of MagLIF and the ability to cool targets to liquid deuterium temperatures in approximately 5 min.
A microfluidic technique to estimate antigen expression on particles
Authors: Ghonge Tanmay , Ganguli Anurup , Valera Enrique , Saadah Mariam , Damhorst Gregory L. , Berger Jacob , Pagan Diaz Gelson , Hassan Umer , Chheda Monish , Haidry Zeeshan , Liu Stan , Hwu Carissa , Bashir Rashid
Published: October 2017

Antigen expression is an important biomarker for cell analysis and disease diagnosis. Traditionally, antigen expression is measured using a flow cytometer which, due to its cost and labor intensive sample preparation, is unsuitable to be used at the point-of-care. Therefore, an automatic, miniaturized assay which can measure antigen expression in the patient could aid in making crucial clinical decisions rapidly. Such a device would also expand the use of such an assay in basic research in biology. In this paper, we present a microfluidic device that can be used to measure antigen expression on cells. We demonstrate our approach using biotin-neutravidin as the binding pair using experimental and computational approaches. We flow beads with varying biotin surface densities (mr) through a polydimethylsiloxane channel with cylindrical pillars functionalized with neutravidin. We analyze how shear stress and collision angle, the angle at which the beads collide with the pillars, affect the angular location of beads captured on the pillars. We also find that the fraction of captured beads as a function of distance (γ) in the channel is affected by mr. Using γ, we derive the probability of capture per collision with the pillar (ε). We show that ε is linearly related to mr, which is analogous to the expression level of proteins on cell surfaces. Although demonstrated with beads, this assay can next be expanded with cells, thus paving the way for a rapid antigen expression test.
Influence of magnetic field on evaporation of a ferrofluid droplet
Authors: Jadav Mudra , Patel R. J. , Mehta R. V.
Published: October 2017

This paper reports the influence of the static magnetic field on the evaporation of a ferrofluid droplet placed on a plane glass substrate. A water based ferrofluid drop is allowed to dry under ambient conditions. Like all other fluids, this fluid also exhibits well-known coffee ring patterns under zero field conditions. This pattern is shown to be modulated by applying the static magnetic field. When the field is applied in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the substrate, the thickness of the ring decreases with an increase in the field, and under a critical value of the field, the coffee-ring effect is suppressed. For the parallel field configuration, linear chains parallel to the plane of the substrate are observed. The effect of the field on the evaporation rate and temporal variation of the contact angle is also studied. The results are analyzed in light of available models. These findings may be useful in applications like ink-jet printing, lithography, and painting and display devices involving ferrofluids.
Wavelength-selective spin-current generator using infrared plasmonic metamaterials
Authors: Ishii Satoshi , Uchida Ken-ichi , Dao Thang Duy , Wada Yoshiki , Saitoh Eiji , Nagao Tadaaki
Published: October 2017

A subwavelength plasmonic absorber is an ideal platform for absorbing light locally at a desired wavelength. Here, we demonstrate wavelength-selective spin current generation by combining plasmonic absorbers with Pt/yttrium-iron-garnet spintronic devices. These devices are widely used for investigating spin-current phenomena, such as the spin Seebeck effect. At the resonance of the plasmonic absorber in the mid-infrared regime, enhanced spin-current signals are recorded. The observed light-induced spin current can be attributed to both the spin Seebeck effect and photo-spin-voltaic effect. Our results open new prospects for using plasmonic absorbers to bridge nanophotonics and spintronics in numbers of opto-spintronic applications.
Synergetic effect of double-step blocking layer for the perovskite solar cell
Authors: Kim Jinhyun , Hwang Taehyun , Lee Sangheon , Lee Byungho , Kim Jaewon , Kim Jaewook , Gil Bumjin , Park Byungwoo
Published: October 2017

In an organometallic CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskite solar cell, we have demonstrated a vastly compact TiO2 layer synthesized by double-step deposition, through a combination of sputter and solution deposition to minimize the electron-hole recombination and boost the power conversion efficiency. As a result, the double-step strategy allowed outstanding transmittance of blocking layer. Additionally, crystallinity and morphology of the perovskite film were significantly modified, provoking enhanced photon absorption and solar cell performance with the reduced recombination rate. Thereby, this straightforward double-step strategy for the blocking layer exhibited 12.31% conversion efficiency through morphological improvements of each layer.
Multivalent cation induced attraction of anionic polymers by like-charged pores
Authors: Buyukdagli Sahin , Ala-Nissila T.
Published: October 2017

The efficiency of nanopore-based polymer sensing devices depends on the fast capture of anionic polyelectrolytes by negatively charged pores. This requires the cancellation of the electrostatic barrier associated with repulsive polymer-pore interactions. We develop a correlation-corrected theory to show that the barrier experienced by the polymer can be efficiently overcome by the addition of multivalent cations into the electrolyte solution. Cation adsorption into the pore enhances the screening ability of the pore medium with respect to the bulk reservoir which translates into an attractive force on the polymer. Beyond a critical multivalent cation concentration, this correlation-induced attraction overcomes the electrostatic barrier and triggers the adsorption of the polymer by the like-charged pore. It is shown that like-charge polymer-pore attraction is suppressed by monovalent salt but enhanced by the membrane charge strength and the pore confinement. Our predictions may provide enhanced control over polymer motion in translocation experiments.