bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Student-Athletes’ Deteriorating Mental Health During COVID-19: Recommendations on Proactive Strategies for Addressing Unique Mental Health Needs
Authors: Cheng Mira , van Niekerk Maike , Biviano Gina
Published: October 2023

High school and college student-athletes face unique stressors that can negatively impact their mental health, which were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although mental health issues are prevalent in athletic communities, there often remains stigma around mental health and reluctance to seek psychological support. Physical injury can be the cause or the result of the psychological struggles that athletes face—holistic care for the adolescent athlete population must incorporate both elements. Pediatric psychologists, allied healthcare professionals, sports organizations, academic institutions, coaches, caregivers, and student-athletes themselves all play an active role in shaping the mental health of student-athletes and are therefore responsible for creating a culture that prioritizes mental and physical wellness. This paper aims to provide clear recommendations for the various stakeholders on how to address the unique mental health needs of student-athletes. The recommendations presented are based on a review of existing literature in the field and on-the-ground experience working with student-athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several key interventions highlighted in this paper, including changing the athletic community's culture to prioritize the holistic well-being of athletes, as well as proactively offering mental health education, resources, and programming for student-athletes, with a particular emphasis on health equity to meet the needs of students most at risk. Commitment from pediatric psychologists and allied healthcare professionals, sports organizations, academic institutions, coaches, caregivers, and student-athletes will maximize the likelihood of improving student-athletes’ psychological well-being.
Emission-line properties of IllustrisTNG galaxies: from local diagnostic diagrams to high-redshift predictions for JWST
Authors: Hirschmann Michaela , Charlot Stephane , Feltre Anna , Curtis-Lake Emma , Somerville Rachel S , Chevallard Jacopo , Choi Ena , Nelson Dylan , Morisset Christophe , Plat Adele , Vidal-Garcia Alba
Published: October 2023

We compute synthetic, rest-frame optical and ultraviolet (UV) emission-line properties of galaxy populations at redshifts from z ≈ 0 to  = 8 in a full cosmological framework. We achieve this by coupling, in post-processing, the cosmological IllustrisTNG simulations with new-generation nebular-emission models, accounting for line emission from young stars, post-asymptotic giant branch (PAGB) stars, accreting black holes (BHs) and, for the first time, fast radiative shocks. The optical emission-line properties of simulated galaxies dominated by different ionizing sources in our models are largely consistent with those expected from classical diagnostic diagrams and reflect the observed increase in [O iii]/Hβ at fixed [N ii]/Hα and the evolution of the Hα, [O iii]λ5007, and [O ii] λ3727 luminosity functions from z ≈ 0 to ∼ 2. At higher redshift, we find that the emission-line galaxy population is dominated by star-forming and active galaxies, with negligible fractions of shock- and PAGB-dominated galaxies. We highlight 10 UV-diagnostic diagrams able to robustly identify the dominant ionizing sources in high-redshift galaxies. We also compute the evolution of several optical- and UV-line-luminosity functions from z = 4 to 7, and the number of galaxies expected to be detectable per field of view in deep, medium-resolution spectroscopic observations with the NIRSpec instrument on board the JWST. We find that 2-h-long exposures are sufficient to achieve unbiased censuses of Hα and [O iii]λ5007 emitters, while at least 5 h are required for Hβ, and even 10 h will detect only progressively smaller fractions of [O ii] λ3727, O iii] λ1663, C iii] λ1908, C iv λ1550, [N ii]λ6584, Si iii] λ1888, and He ii λ1640 emitters, especially in the presence of dust.
Sweeping secular resonances and giant planet inclinations in transition discs
Authors: Zanazzi J J , Chiang E
Published: October 2023

The orbits of some warm Jupiters are highly inclined (20°–50°) to those of their exterior companions. Comparable misalignments are inferred between the outer and inner portions of some transition discs. These large inclinations may originate from planet–planet and planet–disc secular resonances that sweep across interplanetary space as parent discs disperse. The maximum factor by which a seed mutual inclination can be amplified is of the order of the square root of the angular momentum ratio of the resonant pair. We identify those giant planet systems (e.g. Kepler-448 and Kepler-693) that may have crossed a secular resonance, and estimate the required planet masses and semimajor axes in transition discs needed to warp their innermost portions (e.g. in CQ Tau). Passage through an inclination secular resonance could also explain the hypothesized large mutual inclinations in apsidally-orthogonal warm Jupiter systems (e.g. HD 147018).
Better together: the complex interplay between radiative cooling and magnetic draping
Authors: Hidalgo-Pineda Fernando , Farber Ryan Jeffrey , Gronke Max
Published: October 2023

Rapidly outflowing cold H i gas is ubiquitously observed to be cospatial with a hot phase in galactic winds, yet the ablation time of cold gas by the hot phase should be much shorter than the acceleration time. Previous work showed efficient radiative cooling enables clouds to survive in hot galactic winds under certain conditions, as can magnetic fields even in purely adiabatic simulations for sufficiently small density contrasts between the wind and cloud. In this work, we study the interplay between radiative cooling and magnetic draping via three dimensional radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations with perpendicular ambient fields and tangled internal cloud fields. We find magnetic fields decrease the critical cloud radius for survival by two orders of magnitude (i.e. to sub-pc scales) in the strongly magnetized (βwind = 1) case. Our results show magnetic fields (i) accelerate cloud entrainment through magnetic draping, (ii) can cause faster cloud destruction in cases of inefficient radiative cooling, (iii) do not significantly suppress mass growth for efficiently cooling clouds, and, crucially, in combination with radiative cooling (iv) reduce the average overdensity by providing non-thermal pressure support of the cold gas. This substantially reduces the acceleration time compared to the destruction time (more than due to draping alone), enhancing cloud survival. Our results may help to explain the cold tiny rapidly outflowing cold gas observed in galactic winds and the subsequent high covering fraction of cold material in galactic haloes.
Origin of flat-top electron distributions at the Earth’s bow shock
Authors: Stasiewicz Krzysztof
Published: October 2023

An explanation is provided for flat-top electron distributions observed at the bow shock. It is shown that flat-tops are produced by the stochastic wave energization (SWE) mechanism. First, we demonstrate that flat-tops in one-dimensional (1D) reduced distribution functions correspond to rings in 2D distribution functions, or to shell distributions in 3D. The velocity of the ring/shell corresponds to the E × B velocity due to the wave electric field, $V_{\mathrm{ E}{\times }\mathrm{ B}}=\tilde{E}_\perp /B$, which is a natural consequence of the SWE process. The identification of processes responsible for electron flat-top distributions was made with magnetospheric multiscale measurements supported by test-particle simulations.
Accuracy of GFR estimating equations based on creatinine, cystatin C or both in routine care
Authors: Fu Edouard L , Levey Andrew S , Coresh Josef , Grams Morgan E , Faucon Anne-Laure , Elinder Carl-Gustaf , Dekker Friedo W , Delanaye Pierre , Inker Lesley A , Carrero Juan-Jesus
Published: October 2023

Background

New equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate based on creatinine (eGFRcr), cystatin C (eGFRcys) or both (eGFRcr-cys) have been developed by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and the European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC). There is a need to evaluate the performance of these equations in diverse European settings to inform implementation decisions, especially among people with key comorbid conditions.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study including 6174 adults referred for single-point plasma clearance of iohexol in Stockholm, Sweden, with 9579 concurrent measurements of creatinine and cystatin C. We assessed the performance of the CKD-EPI 2009/2012/2021, EKFC 2021/2023, revised Lund-Malmö (RLM) 2011 and Caucasian, Asian, Pediatric and Adult (CAPA) 2014 equations against measured GFR (mGFR).

Results

Mean age was 56 years, median mGFR was 62 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 40% were female. Comorbid conditions were common: cardiovascular disease (30%), liver disease (28%), diabetes (26%) and cancer (26%). All eGFRcr-cys equations had small bias and P30 (the percentage of estimated values within 30% of mGFR) close to 90%, and performed better than eGFRcr or eGFRcys equations. Among eGFRcr equations, CKD-EPI 2009 and CKD-EPI 2021 showed larger bias and lower P30 than EKFC 2021 and RLM. There were no meaningful differences in performance across eGFRcys equations. Findings were consistent across comorbid conditions, and eGFRcr-cys equations showed good performance in patients with liver disease, cancer and heart failure.

Conclusions

In conclusion, eGFRcr-cys equations performed best, with minimal variation among equations in this Swedish cohort. The lower performance of CKD-EPI eGFRcr equations compared with EKFC and RLM may reflect differences in population characteristics and mGFR methods. Implementing eGFRcr equations will require a trade-off between accuracy and uniformity across regions.
Comparison meta-analysis of intraoperative MRI-guided needle biopsy versus conventional stereotactic needle biopsies
Authors: Dhawan Sanjay , Chen Clark C
Published: October 2023

Background

MRI-guided needle biopsy (INB) is an emerging alternative to conventional frame-based or frameless stereotactic needle biopsy (SNB). Studies of INB have been limited to select case series, and comparative studies between INB and SNB remain a missing gap in the literature. We performed a meta-analysis to compare INB and SNB literature in terms of diagnostic yield, surgical morbidity and mortality, tumor size, and procedural time.

Methods

We identified 36 separate cohorts in 26 studies of SNB (including both frameless and frame-based biopsies, 3374 patients) and 27 studies of INB (977 patients). Meta-regression and meta-analysis by proportions were performed.

Results

Relative to publications that studied SNB, publications studying INB more likely involved brain tumors located in the eloquent cerebrum (79.4% versus 62.6%, P = 0.004) or are smaller in maximal diameter (2.7 cm in INB group versus 3.6 cm in the SNB group, P = .032). Despite these differences, the pooled estimate of diagnostic yield for INB was higher than SNB (95.4% versus 92.3%, P = .026). The pooled estimate of surgical morbidity was higher in the SNB group (12.0%) relative to the INB group (6.1%) (P = .004). Mortality after the procedure was comparable between INB and SNB (1.7% versus 2.3%, P = .288). Procedural time was statistically comparable at 90.3 min (INB) and 103.7 min (SNB), respectively (P = .526).

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis indicates that, relative to SNB, INB is more often performed for the challenging, smaller-sized brain tumors located in the eloquent cerebrum. INB is associated with lower surgical morbidity and improved diagnostic yield.
NDRG1 promotes endothelial dysfunction and hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by targeting TAF15
Authors: Li Chengwei , Lv Junzhu , Wumaier Gulinuer , Zhao Yu , Dong Liang , Zeng Yuzhen , Zhu Ning , Zhang Xiujuan , Wang Jing , Xia Jingwen , Li Shengqing
Published: October 2023

Background

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) represents a threatening pathophysiologic state that can be induced by chronic hypoxia and is characterized by extensive vascular remodeling. However, the mechanism underlying hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling is not fully elucidated.

Methods and Results

By using quantitative polymerase chain reactions, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrate that the expression of N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) is markedly increased in hypoxia-stimulated endothelial cells in a time-dependent manner as well as in human and rat endothelium lesions. To determine the role of NDRG1 in endothelial dysfunction, we performed loss-of-function studies using NDRG1 short hairpin RNAs and NDRG1 over-expression plasmids. In vitro, silencing NDRG1 attenuated proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) under hypoxia, while NDRG1 over-expression promoted these behaviors of HPAECs. Mechanistically, NDRG1 can directly interact with TATA-box binding protein associated factor 15 (TAF15) and promote its nuclear localization. Knockdown of TAF15 abrogated the effect of NDRG1 on the proliferation, migration and tube formation capacity of HPAECs. Bioinformatics studies found that TAF15 was involved in regulating PI3K-Akt, p53, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathways, which have been proved to be PH-related pathways. In addition, vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy induced by hypoxia were markedly alleviated in NDRG1 knock-down rats compared with their wild-type littermates.

Conclusions

Taken together, our results indicate that hypoxia-induced upregulation of NDRG1 contributes to endothelial dysfunction through targeting TAF15, which ultimately contributes to the development of hypoxia-induced PH.
Altered pain processing and sensitization in sickle cell disease: a scoping review of quantitative sensory testing findings
Authors: Kenney Martha O , Knisely Mitchell R , McGill Lakeya S , Campbell Claudia
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Over 50% of adults living with sickle cell disease (SCD) have chronic pain, but the underlying mechanisms of chronic pain in this population remain unclear. Quantitative sensory testing is an important measurement tool for understanding pain and sensory processing. This scoping review summarizes quantitative sensory testing methodologies used in sickle cell studies and the evidence for central sensitization in this population.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL to identify studies using quantitative sensory testing in individuals living with sickle cell disease. Search strategies were based on variations of the terms “sickle cell disease,” and “quantitative sensory testing.” Eligible studies were observational or experimental studies in human participants living with SCD that reported findings and detailed methodology for at least 1 quantitative sensory testing modality.

Results

Our search yielded a total of 274 records; 27 of which are included in this scoping review. Of the 27 studies, 17 were original studies (with combined total of 516 adult and 298 pediatric participants), and 10 were secondary or subgroup analyses of these prior studies. Significant variation existed in quantitative sensory testing methodologies across studies, including testing locations, type and intensity of stimuli, and interpretation of findings. Of the identified studies, 22% (2/9 studies) reported sensory abnormalities in mechanical sensitivity and thresholds, 22% (2/9 studies) reported abnormal pressure pain thresholds, 46% (6/13 studies) reported sensory abnormalities in thermal pain thresholds and tolerance (cold and warm), and 50% (2/4 studies) reported abnormalities in temporal summation.

Conclusion

Future studies should use standardized quantitative sensory testing protocols with consistent and operationalized definitions of sensitization to provide clear insight about pain processing and central sensitization in sickle cell disease.
Guiding Principles for the Practice of Integrative Physical Therapy
Authors: Justice Catherine , Sullivan Marlysa B , Van Demark Cheryl B , Davis Carol M , Erb Matt
Published: October 2023

Integrative health is an emerging specialty inside multiple disciplines within the medical community, yet the practice of integrative physical therapy remains undefined. This perspective paper suggests a set of guiding principles to support the role of physical therapy in integrative health. These guiding principles, including therapeutic partnership, whole person health, living systems, movement as an integrative experience, and salutogenesis, are described and explored in-depth as they relate to all aspects of patient care and clinician experience. These guiding principles are articulated within the context of social determinants of health and the interrelated roles that environment, trauma, stress, and lifestyle all play within an integrative physical therapy plan of care. Examples of current integrative physical therapy practices that embody these principles are described. The 5 guiding principles are designed to elicit interprofessional inquiry into how integrative health models can be applied to the art and science of physical therapy practice. The expansion of integrative health into the field of physical therapy has the potential to improve individual and population health, as integrative physical therapy can be used to address prevention, health promotion, primary care, and wellness while acknowledging the complex, dynamic, and interconnected nature of the human condition.

Impact

This perspective article presents 5 guiding principles to establish a framework to define and shape the growing application of an integrative health model to physical therapy practice. These integrative physical therapy guiding principles aim to improve the quality of whole-person, patient-centered care.
O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Ensures Survival of Mouse Fetal Liver Hematopoietic Progenitors Partly by Regulating Bcl-xL and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Authors: Soma Shunsuke , Murakami Koichi , Fukuchi Yumi , Kunimoto Hiroyoshi , Nakajima Hideaki
Published: October 2023

O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) critically regulates wide variety of biological processes such as gene expression, metabolism, stress response, signaling and proteostasis. In adult hematopoiesis, OGT is crucial for differentiation of B and T cells and the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, a role for OGT in fetal liver (FL) hematopoiesis remains unknown. To investigate a role for OGT in FL hematopoiesis, we conditionally disrupted OGT in hematopoietic cells in developing FLs. Hematopoietic specific disruption of OGT resulted in embryonic lethality in late stage of gestation due to severe anemia and growth retardation. OGT loss led to profound reduction of differentiating erythroid cells and erythroid progenitors in FLs due to massive apoptosis. In addition, clonogenic capacity of FL cells was severely impaired by OGT loss. Interestingly, expression of BCL-XL, a well-known inhibitor of apoptosis in FL cells, dramatically decreased, and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased in OGT-deficient FL cells. Overexpression of Bcl-xL and reduction of ROS significantly restored the colony formation of OGT-deficient FL cells. This study revealed a novel role for OGT during embryogenesis, which ensures survival of FL hematopoietic cells partly by regulating Bcl-xL and oxidative phosphorylation.
BLE beacons for sample position estimation in a life science automation laboratory
Authors: Wu Haiping , Junginger Steffen , Roddelkopf Thomas , Liu Hui , Thurow Kerstin
Published: October 2023

Estimation of the sample position is essential for working process monitoring and management in the life science automation laboratory. Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) beacons have the advantages of low price, small size and low energy consumption, which make them a promising solution for sample position estimation in the automated laboratory. Several fingerprinting models have been proposed to achieve indoor localization with the received signal strength (RSS) data. However, most of the research depends on intensive beacon installation. Proximity estimation, which depends entirely on one beacon, is more suitable for sample position estimation in large automated laboratories. The complexity of the life science automation laboratory environment brings challenges to the traditional path loss model (PLM), which is a widely used radio wave propagation model-based proximity estimation method. In this paper, BLE sensing devices for sample position estimation are proposed. The BLE beacon-based proximity estimation is discussed in the framework of machine learning, in which the support vector regression (SVR) is utilized to model the nonlinear relationship between the RSS data and distance, and the Kalman filter is utilized to decrease the RSS data deviation. The experimental results over different environments indicate that the SVR outperforms the PLM significantly, and provides 1 m absolute errors for more than 95% of the testing samples. The Kalman filter brings benefits to stable distance predictions. Apart from proximity-based sample position estimation, the proposed framework turned out to be effective in position estimation between parallel workbenches and position estimation on an automated workstation.
Validation of a Clinical Calculator Predicting Freedom from Colon Cancer Recurrence after Surgery on the Basis of Molecular and Clinical Variables
Authors: Khan Asama , Thompson Hannah , Hsu Meier , Widmar Maria , Wei Iris H. , Pappou Emmanouil , Smith J. Joshua , Nash Garrett M. , Paty Philip B. , Garcia-Aguilar Julio , Shia Jinru , Gonen Mithat , Weiser Martin R.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

The Memorial Sloan Kettering clinical calculator for estimating the likelihood of freedom from colon cancer recurrence on the basis of clinical and molecular variables was developed at a time when testing for microsatellite instability was performed selectively, based on patient age, family history, and histologic features. Microsatellite stability was assumed if no testing was done.

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this study was to validate the calculator in a cohort of patients who had all been tested for microsatellite instability.

DESIGN:

Retrospective cohort analysis.

SETTING:

Comprehensive cancer center.

PATIENTS:

Consecutive colon cancer patients who underwent curative resection for stage I, II, or III colon cancer between 2017 and 2019.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

The calculator’s predictive accuracy was assessed using the concordance index and a calibration plot of predicted versus actual freedom from recurrence at 3 years after surgery. For the purpose of a secondary sensitivity analysis, the presence of a tumor deposit(s) (disease category N1c) was considered equivalent to one positive lymph node (category N1a).

RESULTS:

With median follow-up of 32 months among survivors, the concordance index for the 745 patients in the cohort was 0.748 (95% confidence interval, 0.693 to 0.801), and a plot of predicted versus observed recurrences approached the 45° diagonal, indicating good discrimination and calibration. In the secondary sensitivity analysis for tumor deposits, the concordance index was 0.755 (95% confidence interval, 0.700 to 0.806).

LIMITATIONS:

Retrospective design, single institution.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results, based on inclusion of actual rather than imputed microsatellite stability status and presence of tumor deposits, confirm the predictive accuracy and reliability of the calculator.
Self-management Behaviors and Associated Factors in Adult Cancer Survivors
Authors: Aung Mar Lar , Cheng Huilin
Published: October 2023

Background

Despite numerous systematic reviews on self-management interventions for cancer survivors, little is known about survivors’ daily self-management practices and the influencing factors.

Objective

To identify self-management behaviors and related factors among cancer survivors.

Methods

Six databases were searched for primary quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies on self-management behaviors in cancer survivors that were published in English-language, peer-reviewed journals between 2012 and July 2022. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The data extracted using a predetermined form were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

A total of 22 articles were included in the review; the majority were qualitative research, and half had moderate to high quality of evidence. Nine domains of self-management behaviors were identified, namely, physical activity/exercise, diet, emotional management, complementary and alternative medicine, symptom management, religiosity/spirituality, attending regular follow-ups, adjustment of other lifestyles, and medication management. Four categories of factors were associated with self-management behaviors in cancer survivors: (1) personal factors (demographic and psychological), (2) health status, (3) family factors, and (4) healthcare system. However, the relationships between self-management behaviors and these factors were mainly identified from qualitative studies or addressed in single studies.

Conclusions

Self-management behaviors in cancer survivors are multifaceted. There is an urgent need for quantitative exploration of factors associated with self-management in cancer survivors.

Implications for practice

This review provides nurses with a comprehensive basis for designing self-management support interventions for cancer survivors.
Advance Care Planning Affects End-of-Life Treatment Preferences Among Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Cheng Hui-Chuan , Wu Shu-Fang Vivienne , Chen Yi-Hui , Tsan Ya-Hui , Sung Shih-Hsien , Ke Li-Shan
Published: October 2023

This study explored the effects of advance care planning interventions on end-of-life treatment decisions among patients with heart failure. The study design was a randomized controlled trial. An intervention involving a motivational video, a cartoon version educational brochure, and a guided discussion was implemented. A total of 82 hospitalized patients with heart failure were recruited. Half of the participants received the intervention, and the other half received routine care. The Life Support Preferences Questionnaire was the primary measurement instrument. Before the advance care planning intervention, a significant difference between the experimental and control groups was observed in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation score but not the total, antibiotics, surgery, and artificial nutrition and hydration scores. In the experimental group but not in the control group, significant differences were observed between pretest and posttest total, antibiotics, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, surgery, and artificial nutrition and hydration scores. Significant differences in mean score changes were observed in total and each treatment score between the experimental and control groups. The advance care planning intervention led participants to select fewer medical treatments. This intervention may be suitable for societies where people are unfamiliar with advance care planning and may feel uncomfortable discussing death.
Patient-reported disease-specific concerns relating to sexuality in multiple myeloma
Authors: Henkelman Megan S. , Toivonen Kirsti I. , Tay Jason , Beattie Sara , Walker Lauren M.
Published: October 2023

Background:

Cancer has been increasingly recognized as having lasting effects on sexuality. Sexual function in breast and reproductive cancer survivors is better characterized, but the experiences of hematological cancer survivors remain understudied. Only one previous study acknowledges the existence of sexuality concerns among multiple myeloma (MM) survivors. This study explored MM patients' experiences of sexual expression and examined patient-provider communication about sexuality.

Methods:

Participants with MM (N = 65) were recruited internationally for an online survey about sexual experiences. Open-ended questions queried MM disease–specific experiences that may affect engagement in sexual activity, methods used to adapt to sexual changes, and communication with health care providers. Responses were analyzed using thematic content analysis.

Results:

Participants identified several barriers to sexual activity associated with MM, including concerns about bone health, infections, and vaginal bleeding and bruising. They also described adapting to sexual challenges by trying sexual medicines/aids, changing their mode of sexual expression, and managing treatment risks related to sexuality. Half of the participants reported sexuality discussions with providers, with a minority receiving sexual health-related recommendations.

Conclusions:

To date, the results of sexuality studies focus largely on hematological cancers as a group, without exploring specific disease experiences. Participants reported sexual difficulties common to other cancers but also some which may be unique to MM. Sexuality concerns were underaddressed by health care providers. Given that some sexuality concerns are related specifically to disease risk, discussions with oncology providers are of particular importance; therefore, specific suggestions for improving patient-provider communication and care are offered.
Clinical Significance of Pneumocephalus in Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Hanalioglu Damla , Elbir Cagri , Sahin Omer Selcuk , Ercandirli Aziz Kaan , Sahin Balkan , Turkoglu Mehmet Erhan , Kertmen Huseyin Hayri , Hanalioglu Sahin
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) comprises most (70%–90%) of all pediatric head trauma cases seeking emergency care. Although most mTBI cases have normal initial head computed tomography scan, a considerable portion of the cases have intracranial imaging abnormalities on computed tomography scan. Whereas other intracranial pathological findings have been extensively studied, little is known about the clinical significance of pneumocephalus in pediatric mTBI.

Methods

We retrospectively identified pediatric mTBI patients with pneumocephalus using the institutional database of a large regional trauma referral center. Outcome measures were defined as clinically important TBI (ciTBI), hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and neurosurgical intervention. Comparisons were made between pneumocephalus and control (isolated linear fracture) groups as well as between isolated (only linear fracture and pneumocephalus) and nonisolated pneumocephalus (pneumocephalus and TBI) groups.

Results

Among 3524 pediatric mTBI cases, 43 cases had pneumocephalus (1.2%). Twenty-one cases (48.8%) had isolated pneumocephalus. The pneumocephalus group had higher rates of ciTBI, hospital admission, ICU admission, and neurosurgery when compared with the isolated linear fracture (control) group. The isolated pneumocephalus group had fewer ciTBI (21.1% vs 70%, P = 0.002), fewer hospitalization (23.8% vs 81.8%, P < 0.001), but similar ICU admission rates (4.8% vs 22.7%, P = 0.089) and length of hospital stay (4.0 ± 2.7 vs 3.6 ± 2.4 days, P = 0.798) in comparison to the nonisolated pneumocephalus group. None of the patients in the isolated group had neurosurgery whereas 2 patients in the nonisolated pneumocephalus group underwent surgery. Multivariable analysis revealed pneumocephalus as an independent predictor of ciTBI and hospital admission, but not ICU admission or neurosurgical intervention.

Conclusion

Pneumocephalus is associated with increased rates of hospitalization and ciTBI, but not ICU admission, unfavorable outcome, or neurosurgical intervention in pediatric mTBI. Although usually spontaneously resolving pathology, it may occasionally be linked with complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage, meningitis, and tension pneumocephalus. Therefore, careful evaluation, close observation, and early detection of complications may prevent adverse outcomes.
The interrater and test–retest reliability of 3 modalities of quantitative sensory testing in healthy adults and people with chronic low back pain or rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Brady Sophia M. , Georgopoulos Vasileios , Veldhuijzen van Zanten Jet J.C.S. , Duda Joan L. , Metsios George S. , Kitas George D. , Fenton Sally A.M. , Walsh David A. , McWilliams Daniel F.
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) modalities used to assess central pain mechanisms require different protocols in people with different musculoskeletal conditions.

Objectives:

We aimed to explore the possible effects of musculoskeletal diagnosis and test site on QST interrater and test–retest reliability.

Methods:

The study included participants with rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 18; QST conducted on lower leg) and low back pain (LBP, n = 25; QST conducted on forearm), plus 45 healthy control participants (n = 20 QST on lower leg and n = 25 QST on forearm). Test–retest reliability was assessed from QST conducted 1 to 3 weeks apart. Quantitative sensory testing modalities used were pressure pain detection threshold (PPT) at a site distant to tissue pathology, temporal summation (TS), and conditioned pain modulation (CPM). Temporal summation was calculated as difference or ratio of single and repeated punctate stimuli and unconditioned thresholds for CPM used single or mean of multiple PPTs. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were compared between different subgroups.

Results:

High to very high reliability was found for all assessments of PPT and TS across anatomical sites (lower leg and forearm) and participants (healthy, RA, and LBP) (ICC ≥ 0.77 for PPT and ICC ≥ 0.76 for TS). Reliability was higher when TS was calculated as a difference rather than a ratio. Conditioned pain modulation showed no to moderate reliability (ICC = 0.01–0.64) that was similar between leg or forearm, and between healthy people and those with RA or LBP.

Conclusion:

PPT and TS are transferable tools to quantify pain sensitivity at different testing sites in different musculoskeletal diagnoses. Low apparent reliability of CPM protocols might indicate minute-to-minute dynamic pain modulation.
Implementation of a Stepped Care Program to Address Emotional Recovery Among Traumatic Injury Patients
Authors: Davidson Tatiana M , Espeleta Hannah C , Ridings Leigh E , Witcraft Sara , Bravoco Olivia , Higgins Kristen , Houchins Rachel , Kitchens Debra , Manning Benjamin , Jones Seon , Crookes Bruce , Hanson Rochelle , Ruggiero Kenneth J
Published: October 2023

Background

Annually, over 600,000 adults served in U.S. trauma centers (≥ 20%) develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or depression in the first year after injury. American College of Surgeons guidelines include screening and addressing mental health recovery in trauma centers. Yet, many trauma centers do not monitor and address mental health recovery, and it is a priority to learn how to implement evidence-informed mental health programs in trauma centers.

Study Design.

This paper describes our application of the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment 15 model to implement the Trauma Resilience and Recovery Program (TRRP) in three Level I-II trauma centers to address patients' mental health needs. TRRP is a scalable and sustainable stepped model of care – one of the few in the US - that provides early intervention and direct services after traumatic injury.

Results.

Trauma centers are well-positioned to accelerate mental health recovery via early identification, education, screening, and referrals to mental health agencies that provide best-practice care. We found that TRRP was acceptable to our three partnering trauma centers. Engaging patient, provider, and hospital administration stakeholders early in the implementation process enhanced buy-in during the early stages of implementation and promoted sustainability. Active processes to support monitoring, evaluation, and adaptation were critical.

Conclusions.

Our work demonstrates the feasibility of implementing and adapting TRRP, a cost-efficient and sustainable stepped care intervention, in Level I and II trauma centers. Several factors should be carefully considered by trauma centers seeking to integrate behavioral health interventions into their trauma program.
Oblique projection for scalable rank-adaptive reduced-order modelling of nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations with time-dependent bases
Authors: Donello M. , Palkar G. , Naderi M. H. , Del Rey Fernández D. C. , Babaee H.
Published: October 2023

Time-dependent basis reduced-order models (TDB ROMs) have successfully been used for approximating the solution to nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations (PDEs). For many practical problems of interest, discretizing these PDEs results in massive matrix differential equations (MDEs) that are too expensive to solve using conventional methods. While TDB ROMs have the potential to significantly reduce this computational burden, they still suffer from the following challenges: (i) inefficient for general nonlinearities, (ii) intrusive implementation, (iii) ill-conditioned in the presence of small singular values and (iv) error accumulation due to fixed rank. To this end, we present a scalable method for solving TDB ROMs that is computationally efficient, minimally intrusive, robust in the presence of small singular values, rank-adaptive and highly parallelizable. These favourable properties are achieved via oblique projections that require evaluating the MDE at a small number of rows and columns. The columns and rows are selected using the discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM), which yields near-optimal matrix low-rank approximations. We show that the proposed algorithm is equivalent to a CUR matrix decomposition. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency and robustness of the new method for a diverse set of problems.
Time-reversible dynamics in a system of two coupled active rotators
Authors: Burylko Oleksandr , Wolfrum Matthias , Yanchuk Serhiy , Kurths Jürgen
Published: October 2023

We study two coupled active rotators with Kuramoto-type coupling and focus our attention to specific transitional regimes where the coupling is neither attractive nor repulsive. We show that certain such situations at the edge of synchronization can be characterized by the existence of a time-reversal symmetry of the system. We identify two different cases with such a time-reversal symmetry. The first case is characterized by a non-reciprocal attractive/repulsive coupling. The second case is a reciprocal coupling exactly at the edge between attraction and repulsion. We give a detailed description of possible different types of dynamics and bifurcations for both cases. In particular, we show how the time-reversible coupling can induce both oscillation death and oscillation birth to the active rotators. Moreover, we analyse the coexistence of conservative and dissipative regions in phase space, which is a typical feature of systems with a time-reversal symmetry. We show also, how perturbations breaking the time-reversal symmetry and destroying the conservative regions can lead to complicated types of dissipative dynamics such as the emergence of long-period cycles showing a bursting-like behaviour.
Urban flask measurements of CO2ff and CO to identify emission sources at different site types in Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Young Hayden A. , Turnbull Jocelyn C. , Keller Elizabeth D. , Domingues Lucas Gatti , Parry-Thompson Jeremy , Hilton Timothy W. , Brailsford Gordon W. , Gray Sally , Moss Rowena C. , Mikaloff-Fletcher Sara
Published: October 2023

As part of the CarbonWatch-NZ research programme, air samples were collected at 28 sites around Auckland, New Zealand, to determine the atmospheric ratio (RCO) of excess (local enhancement over background) carbon monoxide to fossil CO2(CO2ff). Sites were categorized into seven types (background, forest, industrial, suburban, urban, downwind and motorway) to observeRCOaround Auckland. Motorway flasks observedRCOof 14 ± 1 ppb ppm−1and were used to evaluate trafficRCO. The similarity between suburban (14 ± 1 ppb ppm−1) and trafficRCOsuggests that traffic dominates suburban CO2ff emissions during daytime hours, the period of flask collection. The lower urbanRCO(11 ± 1 ppb ppm−1) suggests that urban CO2ff emissions are comprised of more than just traffic, with contributions from residential, commercial and industrial sources, all with a lowerRCOthan traffic. Finally, the downwind sites were believed to best representRCOfor Auckland City overall (11 ± 1 ppb ppm−1). We demonstrate that the initial discrepancy between the downwindRCOand Auckland's estimated daytime inventoryRCO(15 ppb ppm−1) can be attributed to an overestimation in inventory traffic CO emissions. After revision based on our observed motorwayRCO, the revised inventoryRCO(12 ppb ppm−1) is consistent with our observations.

This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Radiocarbon in the Anthropocene'.
Multi-molecular
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C evidence for mineral control on terrestrial carbon storage and export
Authors: Gies Hannah , Lupker Maarten , Galy Valier , Hemingway Jordon , Boehman Brenna , Schwab Melissa , Haghipour Negar , Eglinton Timothy I.
Published: October 2023

Compound- and compound class-specific radiocarbon analysis of source-diagnostic ‘biomarker’ molecules has emerged as a powerful tool to gain insights into terrestrial carbon cycling. While most studies thus far have focused on higher plant biomarkers (i.e. plant leaf-wax
n
-alkanoic acids and
n
-alkanes, lignin-derived phenols), tracing paedogenic carbon is crucial given the pivotal role of soils in modulating ecosystem carbon turnover and organic carbon (OC) export. Here, we determine the radiocarbon (
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C) ages of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) in riverine sediments and compare them to those of higher plant biomarkers as well as markers of pyrogenic (fire-derived) carbon (benzene polycarboxylic acids, BPCAs) to assess their potential as tracers of soil turnover and export. GDGT Δ
14
C follows similar relationships with basin properties as vegetation-derived lignin phenols and leaf-wax
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-alkanoic acids, suggesting that the radiocarbon ages of these compounds are significantly impacted by intermittent soil storage. Systematic radiocarbon age offsets are observable between the studied biomarkers, which are likely caused by different mobilization pathways and/or stabilization by mineral association.

This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Radiocarbon in the Anthropocene'.
Rhino-orbital cerebral mycosis: a case series of non-mucorales in COVID patients
Authors: Patil Rajashri , Ajagunde Jyoti , Khan Sameena , Kannuri Sriram , Gandham Nageswari , Mukhida Sahjid
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Rhino-Orbito-cerebral mycoses are not only caused by Aspergillus spp. and Zygomycetes spp. but also can be associated with other rare species such as Neurospora spp., Cladosporium spp. and Fusarium spp. Mucormycosis is associated causatively with immunocompromised states, for example patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus. Clinical symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID) and mucormycosis in tandem are critical and relentless, frequently with no life-saving treatment.

Case series. We report three patients with COVID-19 infection, who during the course of treatment developed rhino-orbital-cerebral mycosis including oral cavity involvement. Rhinocerebral mycosis along with oral cavity involvement was diagnosed by radiological investigations and preliminary screening for fungal infection (KOH mount) in all three cases. Empirical treatment was started but patients did not respond to treatment. All patients died even after debridement and maxillectomy. On culture, rare species of fungi were isolated in all three cases which, with the help of a reference laboratory, were identified as Neurospora, Cladosporium and Fusarium. Neurospora is considered nonpathogenic to humans. Cladosporium is a dematiaceous fungus found in soil in all climates, associated with disseminated or cerebral infections; and Fusarium, though considered a saprophytic colonizer of skin and respiratory mucosa along with other bacteria, is a common cause of mycotic keratitis worldwide.

Conclusion. Immune system modifications due to COVID-19 with/without other risk factors can result in fungal co-infections that prove to be fatal for the patients. It is vital to be aware that COVID-19 patients, particularly those who are critically ill, may acquire secondary fungal infections and early detection is critical.
Impact of swab removal in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 weakly-positive specimens
Authors: Zorzoli Azul , Bennett-Slater Susan , MacLean Alasdair , McAllister Gina , Gunson Rory , Templeton Kate
Published: October 2023

Removing the swab after collection can speed up diagnosis and improve the quality of laboratory procedures. This study investigates the impact of swab removal on SARS-CoV-2 detection in clinical specimens with a focus on high Cycle Threshold (Ct) samples (Cts ≥32). The method assessed pairs of SARS-CoV-2 samples mimicking nasopharyngeal specimens and tested them on two real-time-PCR platforms; the Applied Biosystems 7500 and the Abbott Alinity. Swab removal did not significantly affect detection rates of SARS-CoV-2 samples with Ct values <32, regardless of the PCR platform. However, reduced reproducibility was seen at the endpoint limit of detection of the platforms, which meant that fewer samples with Ct values ≥32 were detected in the swab removal group.
Ovine MyD88 have active role in host resistance againstHaemonchus contortusinfection
Authors: Banerjee Samiddha , Pal Aruna , Pal Abantika , Chatterjee Jayanta
Published: October 2023

Host resistance against parasitic infestation is quite important to study in current days, since till date no effective vaccines against parasites have been developed. Moreover, indiscrimate use of regular deworming as a practice may lead to the development of resistance to antihelmiths (as in case of antibiotic resistance against bacteria) or development of antihelminth resistant strains among dreadly parasites. In this present study, we attempt to explore immune response gene againstHaemonchus contortusas dreadly parasite against sheep model. In our lab, we have already detected some of such promising genes, namely RIGI (earlier known antiviral in action), CD14, IL6 and IL10 (earlier known antibacterial in action). In this current publication, we have explored the role of MyD88 in mediating resistance against parasitic infestation. We have characterized ovine MyD88 molecule, identified important domain, analyzed molecular docking, identified the binding site withH. contortusthroughin silicostudies, network and pathway analysis, followed by differential mRNA expression profiling, ultimate confirmation through immunohistochemistry. Identification of immune response genes against parasites may lead to immunomodulation, genomic selection, gene therapy or even development of disease resistant stock of sheep through gene editing approach.
The prevalence, trends and heterogeneity in maternal smoking around birth between the 1930s and 1970s
Authors: von Hinke Stephanie , James Jonathan , Sorensen Emil , Sievertsen Hans H. , Vitt Nicolai
Published: October 2023

This paper shows the prevalence, trends and heterogeneity in maternal smoking around birth in the United Kingdom, focusing on the war and post-war reconstruction period in which there exists surprisingly little systematic data on (maternal) smoking behaviours. Within this context, we highlight relevant events, the release of new information about the harms of smoking, and changes in (government) policy aimed at reducing smoking prevalence. We show stark changes in smoking prevalence over a 30-year period, highlight the onset of the social gradient in smoking, as well as genetic heterogeneities in smoking trends.