bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
T﻿he Relationship Between Perceived Discrimination, Acculturation Attitudes, and Adaptation among Anglophone African Immigrants in Russia: The Moderating Role of Neuroticism
Authors: Ivande Sepase K. , Ryabichenko Tatiana
Published: June 2023

Background. Perceived discrimination is an acculturative stressor that negatively predicts psychological and socio-cultural adaptation, partially mediated by the individual’s acculturation attitudes. However, despite being under similar conditions of high perceived discrimination, some African immigrants in Russia appear to adapt more successfully than others. Why the individual differences? Neuroticism is a trait that intensifies the experience of negative emotions and sensitivity to stress. Perhaps it amplifies the reaction to acculturative stressors (e.g., perceived discrimination) in terms of acculturation attitudes, with significant implications for adaptation. Objective. This study sought to determine whether the personality trait of neuroticism influences how African immigrants in Russia react to perceived discrimination in terms of their acculturation attitudes and how this may relate to adaptation. Design. A moderated mediation analysis was carried out, investigating neuroticism as a moderator in the relationship between perceived discrimination, acculturation attitudes, and adaptation of African immigrants in Russia (N = 157). Results. Perceived discrimination was found to be strongly associated withь poor psychological and sociocultural adaptation, which was partially mediated by the integration attitude; neuroticism strengthened this indirect negative association. Conclusion. When highly neurotic African immigrants perceived elevated levels of discrimination, they were more averse to adopting a positive attitude toward integration, and as a result, were more maladapted. This result suggests that the differences in the levels of adaptation among African immigrants in Russia under similar conditions of high perceived discrimination may be partially due to their levels of neuroticism.
Religious Beliefs in ‘Aboriginal Taiwan’
Authors: Joby Christopher
Published: June 2023

There are various approaches to building a picture of the ‘spiritual’ entities in which indigenous Formosans believed in ‘Aboriginal Taiwan’. This article does so by studying what sources written in the seventeenth century tell us about them. One source was written by a Chinese observer, and others by two groups of Europeans: Dutch East India Company employees and Spanish missionaries. Thus, one methodological issue is that these authors looked at Formosan belief systems through the different lenses of their own religious experience and tried to fit the Formosan belief systems into their own ‘existing knowledge grids’. A related problem is that the authors’ usage of terms may differ and indeed does differ from modern usage in the anthropology of religion. Despite these methodological issues, the article argues that these sources indicate that different Formosan tribes believed in different spiritual entities and were therefore marked by their heterogeneity.
Approaches to information literacy conceptualisation in primary, secondary, and higher education contexts
Authors: Taylor Caitlin , DiGiacomo Daniela
Published: June 2023

The information landscape of the 21st century demands that students are prepared to be responsible information users and creators, which requires information literacy (IL) proficiency. Underlying conceptualisations of IL influence instructional practices and students’ learning of these skills within primary, secondary, and higher education contexts. Responsive to the variation in approaches to conceptualisations of IL in the digital age, this article examines contemporary scholarly articles that conceptualise IL in these formal learning environments. Through a qualitative systematic literature review, 38 articles were examined with an inductive analytical method to understand how current conceptualisations of IL are approached within these educational settings. Analysis of results yielded five primary approaches to IL conceptualisation: (1) developing contextual frameworks, (2) comparing recognised models, (3) evaluating stakeholders’ perceptions, (4) considering academic disciplines’ information principles, and (5) advocating for information practice to inform frameworks. Collectively, this study points to an evident but necessary dynamism of IL conceptualisation.
Information literacy in the age of internet conspiracism
Authors: Hannah Matthew
Published: June 2023

The 21st century has been riven by information challenges, from mis/disinformation campaigns, fake news, and propaganda to online conspiracy theories. At a time when more people are literate than perhaps at any other time in history, we still see the rise and viral global spread of unhinged conspiracy theories across the web. The existence of such crowd-sourced conspiracy theories presents unique challenges for scholars and teachers of information literacy (IL), who face intractable challenges in inculcating healthy information practices. This is especially visible when we compare current IL frameworks with principles espoused within these conspiratorial movements. The online conspiracy theory QAnon demonstrates a particularly thorny problem for IL efforts because QAnon operates according to many of the same principles espoused in literacy frameworks. Since its inception in 2017, QAnon has become one of the most complex online conspiracy theories precisely because it relies on a complex set of informational practices enacted by thousands of followers known as anons. In this article, I argue that internet conspiracies such as QAnon weaponise IL through incitement to “do your own research”. I apply a qualitative approach to compare established principles advocated by the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) to social media posts by Q and his anons to demonstrate the striking similarity in orientation toward questions of authority, context, literacy and research. In my analysis, we need new models for IL to combat conspiracism through a better understanding of the political contours of information ecosystems precisely because these similarities preclude effective engagement, and I conclude by gesturing toward future interventions.
critical information literacy of social workers
Authors: Sharun Sara
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study is to contribute to a pragmatic understanding of critical information literacy (CIL) by positioning it as a context-specific interpersonal practice. Using phenomenography to explore how information work is experienced by social workers in social and health care settings, this paper provides an example of critical information practice that can be used to operationalise and activate CIL as a theory and inform approaches to critical pedagogy. CIL as a concept is generally theorised, practiced, and taught in academic contexts, and relatively few examples of how theory can be defined and put into practice outside a classroom setting are available. This study builds on our understanding of CIL by exploring professional information practice and suggests a model for teaching to engage learners inconnecting information to action in social systems.
Developing Black feminist researcher identities
Authors: Silva Elise , Scott Khirsten
Published: June 2023

This project report describes a community-engaged, extra-institutional, out-of-school Wikipedia editing project focused on the digital literacies of Black girls. The project was located in a systemically under-resourced neighbourhood of Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Given the under representation of Black women editing Wikipedia, and continued concerns about gaps in Wikipedia’s content, this project made a critical intervention towards information justice. We report on the project’s process in brainstorming, community engagement, set up, digital and analogue interactions, and reflection. Our approach was heavily informed by Black feminist pedagogy and critical information literacy.
Critical information literacy at the crossroads
Authors: Williams Simone , Kamper Elizabeth
Published: June 2023

In this article, the authors explore whether academic libraries are truly capable of implementing a critical information literacy (CIL) praxis and if there are inherent threats to critical librarianship when incorporating CIL into the curriculum. The survey instrument in this study gathered data from 92 academic library instructors based within the United States. The study identified that 41% of question respondents had received negative comments or criticisms about including CIL in their library curriculum through various formats: online modules, one-shot instruction, course-embedded units, and credit-bearing courses. In addition, 29% of question respondents felt that pushback from academic teaching staff, other librarians/administration, and students threatened the integrity of CIL. This research helps to illustrate the fragility of CIL and how librarians have faced pushback when critical content is incorporated into the information literacy (IL) curriculum.
Novelties in Macrolobium (Detarioideae, Fabaceae) for Northern South America: Two new species and new chorological records from Colombia and Ecuador
Authors: TRUJILLO-LÓPEZ ANA MARÍA , LONDOÑO-ECHEVERRI YEISON
Published: June 2023

Two new species from Colombia are described and illustrated, Macrolobium ceriferum from the Pacific biogeographical region and Macrolobium longistipitatum from limits between Andes and Magdalena Valley biogeographical regions. Notes about their distribution, phenology, conservation status and taxonomic affinities are provided. Macrolobium ceriferum differs from morphologically similar species mainly by its leaflet blades discolorous and bullate, whitish abaxially, its smaller inflorescence axis and flowers, its filaments glabrous and presence of conspicuous scaly wax in the surface of the inflorescence axis, pedicel, bracteoles and sepals. Macrolobium longistipitatum differs from morphologically similar species mainly by its leaves with numerous leaflets, each with veins raised up the fourth-order on both surfaces, longer (sub-) terminal inflorescences, hypanthium cupular with longer stipe, sepals 4, slightly unequal in shape and size and ovary glabrous. The latter is the first record of Macrolobium sect. Macrolobium from the Inter-Andean Valleys of the northern Andes. Additionally, based in new chorological records of Macrolobium machaerioides from Colombia and Ecuador, its currently known geographical distribution are presented, along to an emended description of its fruits morphology, which is hitherto unknown.
A new species of Anomaloglossus (Anura: Aromobatidae) from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana
Authors: KOK PHILIPPE J. R. , MACCULLOCH ROSS D. , LATHROP AMY , WILLAERT BERT , BOSSUYT FRANKY
Published: June 2023

We describe a new species of Anomaloglossus from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana. Anomaloglossus megacephalus sp. nov. is currently known from Maringma Tepui at 1060 m elevation and from Mt. Ayanganna at 1490 m elevation. The new species can be distinguished from all known congeners by the following combination of characters: relatively large size (females up to 28.3 mm), head large, Finger I subequal or shorter than II, the tip of Finger IV surpassing the base of the distal tubercle on Finger III when fingers are adpressed, fingers with preaxial keel-like lateral folds, best developed on Fingers II and III, toes moderately webbed with folded flaplike fringing, symmetrical cloacal tubercles present, dorsolateral stripe absent, ventrolateral stripe present, inconspicuous, oblique lateral stripe present, often broken in spots. Anomaloglossus megacephalus has been previously confused with A. tepuyensis, a taxon described from Auyantepui in Venezuela.
The identities of Nemophora augites (Meyrick, 1938) and Nemophora amatella (Staudinger, 1892): correction of misidentifications and description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Adelidae) from China
Authors: KOZLOV MIKHAIL V.
Published: June 2023

This study corrects misidentifications found in a recently published paper by Sun, Wang & Li (2022; Zootaxa 5219, 301–338). These authors used the name ‛Nemophora amatella (Staudinger, 1892)’ for N. augites (Meyrick, 1938) and the name ‛N. augites (Caradja et Meyrick, 1938)’ for an undescribed species. To resolve these problems, I set aside the earlier (erroneous) lectotype fixation of N. augites (Meyrick, 1938) and replace it with a new lectotype, designate a lectotype of N. amatella (Staudinger, 1892), provide differential diagnoses and morphological descriptions of these species, and describe N. yunnanica Kozlov, sp. nov. from Lijiang (Yunnan, China). The reported misidentifications show that any revision of a taxonomically challenging group like the fairy moth genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg, 1798 should always be based on the examination of all survived primary types of previously described species.
Interactive 3D Visual Analysis of Weather Prediction Data Reveals Midlatitude Overshooting Convection during the CIRRUS-HL Field Experiment
Authors: Schäfler Andreas , Rautenhaus Marc
Published: June 2023

In summer 2021, microphysical properties and climate impact of high- and midlatitude ice clouds over Europe and the North Atlantic were studied during the Cirrus High Latitude (CIRRUS-HL) airborne field campaign. The related forecasting and flight planning tasks provided a testbed for interactive 3D visual analysis. Operational analyses and forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) were visualized with the open-source software “Met.3D.” A combination of traditional 2D displays with innovative 3D views in the interactive visualization framework facilitated rapid and comprehensive exploration of the NWP data. By this means, the benefit of interactive 3D visual forecast products in the routine flight planning procedure was evaluated. Here, we describe the use of 3D tropopause and cloud visualizations during a convective event over the Alps, which became one of the CIRRUS-HL observation targets. For the planning of the research flight on 8 July 2021, our analysis revealed that simulated strong convective updrafts locally disturb the tropopause and inject ice water across the dynamical tropopause into the lower stratosphere. The presented example provides a novel 3D perspective of convective overshooting in a global NWP model and its impact on the tropopause and lower stratosphere. The case study shall encourage the atmospheric science community to further evaluate the use of modern 3D visualization capabilities for NWP analysis.
Development of an Extreme Wind-Driven Rain Climatology for the Southeastern United States Using 1-Min Rainfall and Peak Wind Speed Data
Authors: Belcher Brian N. , DeGaetano Arthur T. , Masters Forrest J. , Crandell Jay , Morrison Murray J.
Published: June 2023

A method is presented to obtain the climatology of extreme wind speeds coincident with the occurrence of rain. The simultaneous occurrence of wind and rain can force water through building wall components such as windows, resulting in building damage and insured loss. To quantify this hazard, extreme value distributions are fit to peak 3-s wind speed data recorded during 1-min intervals with specific reported rain intensities. This improves upon previous attempts to quantify the wind-driven rain hazard that computed wind speed and rainfall-intensity probabilities independently and used hourly data that cannot assure the simultaneous occurrence of peak wind that represents only a several-second interval within the hour and rain that is accumulated over the entire hour. The method is applied across the southeastern United States, where the wind-driven rain hazard is most pronounced. For the lowest rainfall intensities, the computed wind speed extremes agree with published values that ignore rainfall occurrence. Such correspondence is desirable for aligning the rain-intensity-dependent wind speed return periods with established extreme wind statistics. Maximum 50-yr return-period wind speeds in conjunction with rainfall intensities ≥0.254 mm min−1 exceed 45 m s−1 in a swath from Oklahoma to the Gulf Coast and at stations along the immediate Atlantic coast. For rainfall intensities >2.54 mm min−1 maximum, 50-yr return-period wind speeds decrease to 35 m s−1 but occur over a similar area. The methodology is also applied to stations outside the Southeast to demonstrate its applicability for incorporating the wind-driven rain hazard in U.S. building standards.

Significance Statement

Rainfall driven horizontally by strong winds can penetrate building components and cladding. If unmanaged, this can directly damage the building and its contents and become a substantial component of insured losses to buildings. A climatology of wind-driven rain is developed from recently available 1-min weather observations that better represent the joint occurrence of the extremes that define wind-driven rain occurrence than hourly data. This work is a first implementation of 1-min data into extreme-value statistical models, providing a basis for including wind-driven rain in United States building codes. This inclusion would be most significant in the hurricane-prone regions of the southeastern United States. The omission of wind-driven rain in U.S. building codes contrasts to its inclusion in Europe and Canada.
Self-harm and suicidal ideation among young people is more often recorded by child protection than health services in an Australian population cohort
Authors: O’Hare Kirstie , Watkeys Oliver , Dean Kimberlie , Tzoumakis Stacy , Whitten Tyson , Harris Felicity , Laurens Kristin R , Carr Vaughan J , Green Melissa J
Published: June 2023

Objective:

We investigated patterns of service contact for self-harm and suicidal ideation recorded by a range of human service agencies – including health, police and child protection – with specific focus on overlap and sequences of contacts, age of first contact and demographic and intergenerational characteristics associated with different service responses to self-harm.

Methods:

Participants were 91,597 adolescents for whom multi-agency linked data were available in a longitudinal study of a population cohort in New South Wales, Australia. Self-harm and suicide-related incidents from birth to 18 years of age were derived from emergency department, inpatient hospital admission, mental health ambulatory, child protection and police administrative records. Descriptive statistics and binomial logistic regression were used to examine patterns of service contacts.

Results:

Child protection services recorded the largest proportion of youth with reported self-harm and suicidal ideation, in which the age of first contact for self-harm was younger relative to other incidents of self-harm recorded by other agencies. Nearly 40% of youth with a health service contact for self-harm also had contact with child protection and/or police services for self-harm. Girls were more likely to access health services for self-harm than boys, but not child protection or police services.

Conclusion:

Suicide prevention is not solely the responsibility of health services; police and child protection services also respond to a significant proportion of self-harm and suicide-related incidents. High rates of overlap among different services responding to self-harm suggest the need for cross-agency strategies to prevent suicide in young people.
Oil and climate change in small states
Authors: Griffith Ivelaw Lloyd
Published: June 2023

This article challenges Daniel Yergin's proposition that climate mobilization, and not energy security, is the main driver of contemporary international engagement. I examine the realities of Guyana and Suriname, two small states in the Guyana-Suriname Basin (GSB) that give equal weight to energy security and climate issues. The two have oil reserves that together comprise more than 16 billion barrels. Guyana and Suriname are also in Wet Neighbourhoods with massive rainforests, and due to global warming, the Guyana capital is forecast to be fully or partially submerged by 2030. The article argues that GSB leaders must use some of their countries’ oil revenues to craft an Environmental Security Investment Plan, noting that although rising sea levels might only minimally affect offshore drilling, they will disrupt habitation and societal normalcy, and the oil wealth would be of little benefit to the people if appropriate mitigation is not undertaken urgently.
In Their Own Words: The Experiences of Black and Latinx Youth in Culturally Relevant Programming
Authors: Conlin Dana , Villavicencio Adriana
Published: June 2023

This study aims to learn from and with students of color to understand the influence of culturally relevant programming. Grounded in conceptions of counter-narrative and culturally relevant education (CRE), we center the voices and perspectives of Black and Latinx male adolescents to explore the impact of CRE-related programs and practices. Drawing on 10 focus groups with 37 students in urban schools, we illustrate how integrating community-based mentoring, critical conversations, and family-based relationships positively shaped students’ high school experiences. These findings contribute to growing empirical work on the benefits of CRE, while pushing for holistic efforts that extend beyond the classroom.
Prisoner’s Dilemma: Hedging Loyalties in (Un)Governed Space of the Lake Chad Basin
Authors: Oginni Oyewole Simon
Published: June 2023

This article examines the dynamics of interactions between civilians, armed groups, and the state in frontline states. Drawing on a 6-year ethnographic study of armed conflicts in the Lake Chad Basin region, the article argues that civilian loyalty becomes multiple and overlapping when the roles of the state and armed groups become indistinguishable in insecure spaces. A range of actions and outcomes can be observed from civilians’ navigating strategies: individual and collective bargaining, false compliance and co-optation with Boko Haram, Islamic State of West Africa Province (ISWAP) and other militias to mitigate the risks of multiple competing authorities. The coupling of emerging individual and collective actions exemplifies self-organization that shapes the state response, armed groups’ behaviors, and their legitimacy at the local scale. Thus, civilians result in hedging loyalty between the state and armed groups to reduce the potential harm that the non-zero-sum control of conflict-torn spaces would otherwise cause.
Religion, Ideology, and Political Parties’ Positions on Refugees in South Asia and the Middle East
Authors: Schiffer Samuel , Mirilovic Nikola , Goldman Matthew
Published: June 2023

Some political parties adopt rhetoric and policy stances favorable to refugees, while others view refugees as a potential economic or security threat or a challenge to the asylum country's predominant identity and push for refugees’ rapid return. We argue that, despite material constraints in asylum countries, like those stemming from the level of economic development, domestic political contestation and differences shape refugee politics and associated outcomes. We further posit that the key element of those domestic political differences is not that leftist parties are systematically more sympathetic to refugees than rightist parties. Rather, our empirical analysis shows that, in the non-Western contexts that we study, parties that emphasize a religious identity shared with most refugees are more likely to view those refugees more favorably than parties that do not emphasize that religious identity or that emphasize a religious identity not shared with refugees. We build on moral foundations theory to explain why religion and politics matter and why rightist parties are not necessarily less favorable to refugees than leftist parties. We carry out a comparative study of party positions toward Syrian refugees in Lebanon and Turkey and toward Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh and explain why party leaders’ choices regarding religion and politics shape refugee politics. While others have questioned the claim that leftists are more likely to favor refugees than conservatives, we contribute to the literature by specifying the conditions under which that is unlikely to be the case, and we develop a theoretically grounded explanation for that pattern.
Watchdogs of the Economy: The Development of the Irish Economics Profession's Independent Voice
Authors: Fitzgerald Joseph K. , O’Rourke Brendan K.
Published: June 2023

Histories of the development of professions show a profession's relationship with the state as key to its authority. Yet professions, to gain technocratic authority, also strive to depoliticise their discourses to gain technocratic authority. This dilemmatic tension is particularly true for the economics profession. The historical development of the Irish economics provides an interesting case, where a complicated relationship with the state ultimately strengthened the profession within a society. An initial formalisation trajectory of Irish economics was thrown off course by the formation of an independent Irish state in the 1920s. This marked a period of isolation for the profession and saw it ostracised from government policy. Subsequent developments also saw the Irish economists’ position as critics of government policy rather than a core part of the state.
Experimental and numerical study on the mechanical properties of carbon/aramid intralayer hybrid composites
Authors: Qi Zhang , Cai Deng’an , Zhang Nan , Long Ling , Zhou Guangming
Published: June 2023

This study presents an investigation on the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of composites made of plain woven fabrics reinforced with carbon fibers, aramid fibers, and their intralayer hybrids. The specimens were fabricated by hand lay-up method. Tension, compression, and shear tests were performed in accordance with the relevant standards to investigate the tensile, compression, and shear properties of carbon fiber, aramid fiber, and carbon/aramid fiber intralayer hybrid plain woven composites. Accurate strain field was obtained by digital image correlation (DIC) technology and compared with the results measured by the strain rosettes. Furthermore, a multi-scale modeling strategy was developed to predict the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites. The fiber monofilament model was used to calculate the effective properties of carbon and aramid yarns at the micro-scale level. Representative volume element (RVE) models of the hybrid composite were constructed considering the real fabric pattern at the meso-scale level. The predicted results agree well with the experimental data which validates the multi-scale modeling strategy. The presented information on the tensile, compressive, and shear properties and finite element simulation method of carbon/aramid intralayer hybrid composites should be useful in subsequent research as well as in designing new high-performance composites and structures.
Modelling of the swelling behaviour of a fire retarded material under a cone calorimeter
Authors: Fleurotte Manon , Debenest Gérald , Authier Olivier , Fontaine Gaëlle , Bourbigot Serge , Amokrane Abdenour
Published: June 2023

Modelling the swelling behaviour of intumescent materials is an important and challenging issue because this phenomenon influences their pyrolysis process. It must be therefore considered to improve the predictability of pyrolysis models. The objective of this work was to implement a swelling model in the pyrolysis code Gpyro in order to predict the behaviour of a sample of ethylene vinyl acetate containing aluminium trihydroxide (EVA/ATH) polymer studied by cone calorimetry. This polymer is used for making the external sheath of electrical cables. Unlike existing works in the literature, the model implemented here, and adapted to EVA/ATH, does not require information on the densities of the initial and final materials, which makes it more predictive. To characterize the swelling, experiments were carried out to measure the evolution of the sample thickness as a function of time. The mass loss and the back surface temperature of the sample were also measured. This was done under different operating conditions. These measurements are compared with the swelling predicted by the model and the results were found to be in good agreement. The model can be extended easily to other materials.
Rutin modified selenium nanoparticles reduces cell oxidative damage induced by H2O2 by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Mengyu , Zhang Yang , Zhang Chi , Chen Lei , Kuang Ying
Published: June 2023

Oxidative damage of neurons is one of the key pathological markers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which eventually leads to neuronal apoptosis and loss. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key regulator of antioxidant response and is considered to be an important therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, the selenated derivative of antioxidant rutin (Se-Rutin) was synthesized with sodium selenate (Na2SeO3) as raw material by a simple electrostatic-compound in situ selenium reduction method. The effects of Se-Rutin on H2O2 induced oxidative damage in Pheochromocytoma PC12 cells were evaluated by cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species level and the expression of antioxidant response element (Nrf2). The results showed that H2O2 treatment significantly increased the level of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species, while the level of Nrf2 and HO-1 decreased. However, Se-Rutin significantly reduced H2O2 induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity, and increased the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, both of which were better than that of pure rutin. Therefore, the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway may be the basis of Se-Rutin’s anti-oxidative damage to AD.
Tuning 3D-printing parameters to produce vertical ultra-hydrophobic PETG parts with low ice adhesion: A food industry case study
Authors: Romero Pablo E , Barrios Juan M , Molero Esther , Bustillo Andres
Published: June 2023

The food industry is a dynamic component of the European economy. A wide variety of products and small batch are demanded in a market that is accustomed to frequenting changes in food packaging formats. Cheaper and lighter 3D-printed tools are replacing expensive metallic ones, producing previously impossible product geometries and processing fish and meat products more quickly and in more reliable ways. In addition to food contact, these printed parts are often required to have hydrophobic surfaces that facilitate cleaning and have low adhesion both foodstuffs and ice. In this study, the surface wettability of PolyEthylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) printed parts via fused filament fabrication is assessed. Specifically, several printing parameters (layer height, extrusion temperature, printing speed, acceleration, and flow) and their influence on the hydrophobicity of 3D printed parts with vertical orientation are analyzed. The experimental results indicated that the parameter with the strongest influence on the wettability of the XZ parts was flow: low-flow values generated ultra-hydrophobic surfaces, with contact angles higher than 120°. Acceleration had no influence at low flow values; however, for high flow values, low acceleration rates yielded higher contact angles. In addition, it was experimentally proven that the 3D-printed PETG parts with high-contact angle surfaces showed lower adhesion to ice than those with low contact-angle surfaces. The technology was applied to a case study of a 3D-printed hopper for the ice duct of an ice-cube machine.
Vibration analysis of a hyperloop pod with a novel hybrid levitation in accelerating and braking maneuvers
Authors: Petoft Hamed , Rahi Abbas , Fakhari Vahid
Published: June 2023

Hyperloop, a very high-speed transportation system including a pod transporting the passengers in a tube, forms the core debate in numerous recent investigations. The present paper, furthering the current advanced findings, proposes a novel hybrid levitation including Electro-Dynamic Suspension (EDS) and air cushions for the pod in the hyperloop system. It also presents a vibrational model for the hybrid levitation pod to predict the vibration behavior of the pod in accelerating and braking maneuvers. In this regard, an industrial pod is designed conceptually by performing preliminary calculations. Via CFD simulations in Ansys Fluent software, we hold forth a nonlinear dynamic model for the air cushions. Then, the paper analyzes a 3-DOF vibration model of the pod and verifies it by comparing the related results with obtained ones from the MSc ADAMS software. Afterward, the mentioned vibration model is developed into a 7-DOF model to predict the vibration behavior of the pod in accelerating and braking maneuvers. Also, the governing dynamic equations of the system are derived and numerically solved. Finally, the vibration behavior of the pod in different accelerating and braking conditions is investigated.
Fathering Here, Fathering There… A Phenomenological Study of the Impact of Forced Migration and Resettlement on Syrian Refugee Fathers in Canada
Authors: Al Mhamied Adnan , Bogossian Aline , Hanley Jill
Published: June 2023

Refugee fathers have been largely ignored by family researchers and service providers. This article presents an interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) of data from semi-structured interviews conducted between November 2020 and March 2021 with 17 Syrian refugee fathers resettled in Canada. The interviews focused on the meanings refugee men gave to fatherhood, their fathering practices, and the sense they made of their experience of being a Syrian refugee father in Canada. This article highlights how Syrian fatherhood is shaped by cultural norms of the home country as well as by religious beliefs. However, participants’ definitions of fatherhood as head of the household, primary breadwinners and decisionmakers in the family, holding unique positions both within their families and in their communities, shifted during the resettlement process. Following resettlement, these meanings were revisited and redefined. Hyper-fatherhood and adjusted fatherhood practices are new types of fatherhood that emerged during resettlement for Syrian refugees.
Effects of different types of electrolyzed waters on rheological characteristics of dough and quality properties of bread
Authors: Bölek Sibel , Tosya Feyza , Dinç Özge
Published: June 2023

Water is an ingredient of considerable importance in bread dough. Effects of four different types of electrolyzed water (Anolyte NaCl, Catholyte NaCl, Anolyte Na2CO3, Catholyte Na2CO3) on quality characteristics of bread were investigated. For this aim, rheological and textural analysis of bread doughs and color, physical properties, water activity, moisture content, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, texture profile analysis, and micrographic analysis of bread samples were performed. Electrolyzed water affected quality characteristics of dough and bread samples significantly ( p < 0.05). Anolyte Na2CO3 increased the water-holding capacity of the dough from 60 ± 0.05 to 66 ± 0.07. The bread samples prepared with Anolyte Na2CO3 (363 ± 1.70) and Catholyte Na2CO3 (346 ± 1.61) electrolyzed water has higher loaf volume than the bread samples prepared with Anolyte NaCl (320 ± 1.00) and Catholyte NaCl (310 ± 1.52) electrolyzed water and control bread (270 ± 1.04) ( p < 0.05). Electrolyzed water also increased the antioxidant activity (23.62 ± 0.05% inhibition) and total phenolic content (460.61 ± 2.12 GAE/100 g) of bread samples. The results of this study may be evidence that using electrolyzed water can improve the quality characteristics of bread.
Low Stiffness Dance Flooring Increases Peak Ankle Plantar Flexor Muscle Activation During a Ballet Jump
Authors: Hackney James , Wilcoxon Sarah , Holtmeier Mary , Eaves Hanna , Harker Gerard , Potthast Amy
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Research in court sports shows that factors which aid in extrinsic shock absorption, that is, flooring and footwear, can help reduce lower extremity injuries. However, since students and performers of ballet or most styles of contemporary dance cannot depend upon footwear, the only extrinsic factor to help them with shock absorption is flooring.

Methods:

We investigated whether doing sauté on a low stiffness dance floor produced a difference in EMG output of the vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius, of soleus compared to a high stiffness floor. Average and average peak amplitude EMG output from 18 dance students or active dancers performing 8 repetitions of sauté on a low stiffness floor (Harlequin® Woodspring) was compared to a maple hardwood floor on concreted subflooring.

Results:

The data showed a significant increase in average peak EMG muscle amplitude during jumping on the low stiffness floor compared to a high stiffness floor for the soleus muscle ( P = .033) and a trend for increase average peak output for the medial gastrocnemius ( P = .088).

Conclusion:

The difference in average peak amplitude of EMG output is explained through the difference in force absorption between floors. With the high stiffness floor, more force of the landing was returned to the dancers’ legs, but the low stiffness floor absorbed some of the force of landing the jump, and therefore muscles needed to contribute more to maintain the same jump height. The force absorption characteristic of the low stiffness floor may decrease injury rates in dance through causing an adjustment in muscle velocity. Rapid eccentric muscle activity carries the greatest possibility of musculotendinous injury and is experienced in lower body muscles controlling all joints during impact absorption, which includes landing of jumps in dance. If a surface can decelerate the landing of a high velocity dance movement, it also decreases the musculotendinous demand for high velocity tension generation.
Performance analysis of journal bearing having surface waviness operating under misaligned condition
Authors: Bangotra Arun , Sharma Sanjay , Taufique Reza , Byotra Deepak
Published: June 2023

In this present study, the effect of surface waviness on the performance of journal bearing operating in misaligned conditions has been investigated. The journal’s misaligned conditions in the present analysis are taken about the circumferential, the axial, and both axes. For computing the pressure of lubricant inside the bearing, the finite element method has been applied to solve the Reynolds equation and thus static parameters are obtained. The static parameters, that is, load carrying capacity and coefficient of friction are evaluated at different waviness variables and are compared with misaligned journal bearing without surface waviness. It is observed that misalignment considered in both axes has the most severe effect on static performance parameters as compared to misalignment only in the circumferential or axial axis. With the increase in circumferential waviness number up to n  =  5, the load-carrying capacity increases, and the coefficient of friction decreases under high eccentricity ratios. Change in waviness amplitude also impacts the bearing performance. Axial waviness always deteriorates the bearing performance. Combined waviness increases the load carrying capacity and decreases the coefficient of friction when circumferential waviness number n  =  5 and axial waviness number m  =  2. The highest performance enhancement ratio is attained at an eccentricity ratio of 0.8 with a circumferential waviness number n of 5, axial waviness number m of 2, and dimensionless waviness amplitude [Formula: see text] of 0.075.
Performance of hydrodynamic textured journal bearing with the combined influence of elastic deformation and pseudo-plastic lubricant
Authors: Manser Belkacem , Khelladi Sofiane , Deligant Michael , Ragueb Haroun , Belaidi Idir , Bakir Farid
Published: June 2023

This study outlines the performances of finite-length journal bearing with textured liner, shear-thinning Rabinowitsch lubricants, and considers the elastic deformation of the bearing liner. The yielded nonlinear Rabinowitsch-Reynolds PDE system has been solved using the finite difference method combined with Elrod’s algorithm for the case of cylindrical textures. The static performance of hydrodynamic lubrication, in this case, involves different parameters such as depth of texture, eccentricity ratio, elastic deformation factor, rheological index, etc. Results showed that, at a fixed eccentricity ratio, texturing of the bearing’s converging area enhances significantly the load-carrying capacity and reduces the friction coefficient compared to the smooth bearing surface (up to [Formula: see text] in load capacity and [Formula: see text] in friction coefficient). On the other hand, using a lubricant with more pronounced shear-thinning behavior and/or elastic liner reduces the journal bearing performances (up to [Formula: see text] in load capacity and [Formula: see text] in pressure). By applying the optimization technique (particle swarm optimization), an optimal arrangement of textures that can compensate for these losses in performance even at high eccentricity has been found. This optimal texture with dimensionless dimple’s depth set to 1 [Formula: see text] improves the load capacity with [Formula: see text] for a lubricant with a rheological index [Formula: see text] and elastic bearing liner with deformation parameter [Formula: see text].
Learning on the fly: Transitioning from doctoral student to physical education teacher educator
Authors: Kinder Christopher J. , Shiver Victoria N. , Richards K. Andrew R. , Woods Amelia Mays , Cushing Casey Liane
Published: June 2023

Occupational socialization theory has been extensively applied to study the recruitment, professional preparation, and ongoing socialization of inservice physical education teachers. Less is known, however, about the socialization of physical education teacher education (PETE) faculty members. This qualitative panel study aimed to understand early career faculty members’ perspectives on their preparation for and experiences in the role of teacher educator. Participants included 23 faculty members and data were collected through interviews over five years. Research team members analyzed the data using both deductive and inductive analysis strategies. Data analysis resulted in three themes that unpacked participants’ experiences relative to teaching in higher education. The findings indicated that in the United States (US), PETE doctoral education provides teaching opportunities, but lacks explicit teacher education training. Moreover, doctoral education focuses on research, but initial positions tend to focus on teaching, and PETE faculty members are compelled to develop into effective teacher educators. Taken together, faculty responsible for leading US PETE doctoral programs should consider the importance of embedding intentional and progressive teacher educator-related opportunities supplemental to graduate program requirements.
Innovating arch structures with fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review
Authors: Xia ZY , Jiang T , Yu T
Published: June 2023

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are a class of advanced non-metallic materials featuring advantages of high strength, light weight and excellent corrosion resistance. These advantages, in conjunction with the various methods available for making curved FRP members, create a wide range of possibilities for innovating arch structures with FRP composites. However, this subject has received inadequate research attention despite the exciting prospects demonstrated by pioneer studies. This paper provides a review on this subject with the aim to build a holistic picture and engage wider research participation. The paper begins with an overview of four feasible manufacturing/forming methods (vacuum infusion, filament winding, pultrusion and active bending), with an emphasis on their capability of creating curved FRP members and potential applications in arch structures. A review is next made on previous arch projects and relevant novel concepts, which are classified into two categories (all-FRP arches and FRP-incorporating hybrid arches) with distinct functionality and targeted areas of application. On the basis of this review, directions for future development of each of the two categories are highlighted, with a number of challenges and potential solutions discussed.
Close quarters. Sailing the murky waters of an ethnography ‘at-home’
Authors: Sanson David
Published: June 2023

This paper examines the tensions, struggles, and opportunities of doing ethnographies ‘at-home’. For the purpose of his PhD dissertation, the author returned to the city where he grew up, one of the biggest ports in France, with a strong maritime and industrial history. In this paper, the researcher reflexively recounts the social and personal springs of this longitudinal fieldwork among childhood friends and relatives in the working-class background from where he originates. While shedding light on the identity pressures that drove him to/through this research process, the author also addresses the profound emotional component of such investigation, as well as the difficulties of writing about it. Reflecting upon this singular experience, the paper eventually stresses how the researcher’s peculiar position influenced his methodological postures, determined the direction of his research questions and also how it ultimately provided robust original data and results, hereby asserting the strength of fieldwork conducted close to home for the production of critical and scientific social knowledge.
Intervention Fidelity to VITAL Start (Video Intervention to Inspire Treatment Adherence for Life) in a Randomized Controlled Trial Among Women Living With HIV in Malawi
Authors: Tembo Tapiwa A. , Markham Christine M. , Masiano Steven P. , Sabelli Rachael , Wetzel Elizabeth , Ahmed Saeed , Mphande Mtisunge , Mkandawire Angella M. , Chitani Mike J. , Khama Innocent , Nyirenda Rose , Mazenga Alick , Abrams Elaine J. , Kim Maria H.
Published: June 2023

Background.

Intervention effectiveness in a randomized controlled trial is attributed to intervention fidelity. Measuring fidelity has increasing significance to intervention research and validity. The purpose of this article is to describe a systematic assessment of intervention fidelity for VITAL Start (Video intervention to Inspire Treatment Adherence for Life)—a 27-minute video-based intervention designed to improve antiretroviral therapy adherence among pregnant and breastfeeding women.

Method.

Research Assistants (RAs) delivered VITAL Start to participants after enrolment. The VITAL Start intervention had three components: a pre-video orientation, video viewing, and post-video counseling. Fidelity assessments using checklists comprised self (RA assessment) and observer (Research Officers, also known as ROs) assessment. Four fidelity domains (adherence, dose, quality of delivery, and participant responsiveness) were evaluated. Score scale ranges were 0 to 29 adherence, 0 to 3 dose, 0 to 48 quality of delivery and 0 to 8 participant responsiveness. Fidelity scores were calculated. Descriptive statistics summarizing the scores were performed.

Results.

In total, eight RAs delivered 379 VITAL Start sessions to 379 participants. Four ROs observed and assessed 43 (11%) intervention sessions. The mean scores were 28 ( SD = 1.3) for adherence, 3 ( SD = 0) for dose, 40 (SD = 8.6) for quality of delivery, and 10.4 ( SD = 1.3) for participant responsiveness.

Conclusion.

Overall, the RAs successfully delivered the VITAL Start intervention with high fidelity. Intervention fidelity monitoring should be an important element of randomized control trial design of specific interventions to ensure having reliable study results.