bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flood Routing Model with Particle Filter-Based Data Assimilation for Flash Flood Forecasting in the Micro-Model of Lower Yellow River, China
Authors: Chen Minghong , Pang Juanjuan , Wu Pengxiang
Published: November 2018

Reliable real-time flood forecasting is a challenging prerequisite for successful flood protection. This study developed a flood routing model combined with a particle filter-based assimilation model and a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model. This model was applied to an indoor micro-model, using the Lower Yellow River (LYR) as prototype. Real-time observations of the water level from the micro-model were used for data assimilation. The results show that, compared to the traditional hydrodynamic model, the assimilation model could effectively update water level, flow discharge, and roughness coefficient in real time, thus yielding improved results. The mean water levels of the particle posterior distribution are closer to the observed values than before assimilation, even when water levels change greatly. In addition, the calculation results for different lead times indicate that the root mean square error of the forecasting water level gradually increases with increasing lead time. This is because the roughness value changes greatly in response to unsteady water flow, and the incurring error accumulates with the predicted period. The results show that the assimilation model can simulate water level changes in the micro-model and provide both research method and technical support for real flood forecasting in the LYR.
The Influence of Hyporheic Exchange on Water Temperatures in a Headwater Stream
Authors: Surfleet Christopher , Louen Justin
Published: November 2018

A headwater stream in coastal California was used to evaluate the temperature response of effective shade reduction. Spatial distribution of stream water temperatures for summer low-flow conditions (<0.006 m3 s−1) were highly correlated with net radiation and advective heat transfers from hyporheic exchange and subsequent streambed conduction. Using a heat budget model, mean maximum stream water temperatures were predicted to increase by 1.7 to 2.2 °C for 50% and 0% effective shade scenarios, respectively, at the downstream end of a 300 m treatment reach. Effects on mean maximum stream water temperature changes, as water flowed downstream through a 500 m shaded reach below the treatment reach, were reduced by 52 to 30% from the expected maximum temperature increases under the 50% and 0% effective shade scenarios, respectively. Maximum stream water temperature change predicted by net radiation heating alone was greater than measured and heat-budget-estimated temperatures. When the influence of hyporheic water exchange was combined with net radiation predictions, predicted temperatures were similar to measured and heat-budget-predicted temperatures. Results indicate that advective heat transfers associated with hyporheic exchange can promote downstream cooling following stream water temperature increases from shade reduction in a headwater stream with cascade, step-pool, and large woody debris forced-pool morphology.
Key Climate Oscillation Factors Controlling Precipitation Variability during the Dry Season in Eastern Northeast Brazil: Study Case of Mundaú and Paraíba Do Meio River Basins
Authors: Da Silva Pereira Thiago Alberto , Duda Costa Denis , Fragoso Jr. Carlos Ruberto , Gico Lima Montenegro Suzana Maria , Bertacchi Uvo Cintia
Published: November 2018

In Brazil, the northeastern region (NEB) is considered one of the most vulnerable areas of the country in terms of precipitation variability due to frequent drought episodes during the rainy season. Differently from the Northern NEB (NNEB), where dry season is consistently dry, the Eastern NEB (ENEB) exhibits a high interannual variability of precipitation during the dry season, including years exceeding 400 mm. This work aims at understanding key large-scale climate factors that modulate the high pluviometric variability of ENEB during the dry season. Multivariate statistical techniques were applied to identify the time-frequency relationship between precipitation variability and global climate phenomena. The results suggested that hydrological extreme events during the dry season became more frequent after the 1990s. Moreover, our findings also indicated a relationship, at multiannual time scales, between the state of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) and precipitation variability during the dry season. This additional knowledge may contribute to the formation of new perspectives of drought management, leading support to the development of a long-term drought forecasting framework, as well as to the improvement of the water resources management of the region.
Estimating Hydraulic Conductivity Fields in Composite Fan Delta Using Vertical Electrical Sounding
Authors: Chen You-Cheng , Tsai Jui-Pin , Chang Liang-Cheng , Chang Ping-Yu , Lin Helen
Published: November 2018

Hydraulic conductivity (K) is crucial for groundwater studies and is conventionally obtained through pumping tests, which are costly due to well installation, resulting in a limited amount of data. Recent studies have addressed this limitation by estimating K through the integration of a pumping-test K and electrical resistivity measurements. While this approach is suitable for local areas, it cannot readily be applied to determine K fields for the composite fan delta. This study proposes and demonstrates an advanced method to estimate the K’s spatial distribution of a composite fan delta. The proposed method included data classification, linear regression, and kriging interpolation. Data classification was conducted using a physical-based zonation method. The K and formation factor (F) data pairs were classified into several groups. Linear regression was used to develop K-F mapping for each group. The regression results showed a good correlation between K and F in each group. These K-F mappings were verified by additional pumping tests. These results indicate that estimation errors were between 7 m/day and 58 m/day, and the correlation coefficient of each data group was greater than 0.8. Based on these regression equations and ordinary kriging method, the detailed K spatial distribution of the study area was derived. According to these results, the proposed method is efficient and economical to delineate K’s spatial features for regional groundwater systems and can benefit groundwater-related studies.
SOUTH AFRICAN STAKEHOLDER VIEWS OF THE COMPETENCY REQUIREMENTS OF FACILITIES MANAGEMENT GRADUATES
Authors: Azasu Samuel , Adewunm Yewande , Babatunde Oluwayomi
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study is to evaluate South African stakeholder views of the content of the recently developed postgraduate course in Facilities Management at the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa. The study was done using a questionnaire survey of a cross-section of professionals registered with the South African Facilities Management Association (SAFMA). It covers technical, personal, interpersonal and professional skills as well as the ability to conceive, design, implement and operate business systems. It also highlights the degree of importance of these skills. The findings of this research will enable those designing FM programmes of study to ensure that their curricula are current and relevant to the needs of the relevant stakeholders within their contexts. The paper goes beyond previous research in the built environment in specifying the requisite proficiency levels in terms of the relevant skills and competencies.
VALUING DELIBERATE BUILT-IN FLEXIBILITY IN HOUSES – EXAMPLED
Authors: Carmichael David G. , Taheriattar Reza
Published: November 2018

People’s Housing requirements commonly transition over time, and there are financial, social and environmental impacts associated with altering and moving houses. With possible future alteration in mind, this paper looks at the viability of deliberately incorporating flexibility into houses at the time they are designed and built, as compared with no specifically incorporated flexibility (yet still possibly capable of being altered). A comparative analysis, rather than an absolute analysis, is outlined. The financial viability is performed as an options analysis, while the social and environmental matters are evaluated along life cycle assessment lines. As a case example, the paper considers the viability of incorporating deliberate two-storey flexibility into a single-storey house using Australian practices. It is shown on the case example that incorporating deliberate built-in flexibility can perform positively against all sustainability criteria – financial, social and environmental, separately or combined – however the generality of this conclusion remains to be proven.
How Do Disks and Planetary Systems in High-mass Open Clusters Differ from Those around Field Stars?
Authors: Vincke Kirsten , Pfalzner Susanne
Published: November 2018

Only star clusters that are sufficiently compact and massive survive largely unharmed beyond 10

. However, their compactness means a high stellar density, which can lead to strong gravitational interactions between the stars. As young stars are often initially surrounded by protoplanetary disks and later on potentially by planetary systems, the question arises to what degree these strong gravitational interactions influence planet formation and the properties of planetary systems. Here, we perform simulations of the evolution of compact high-mass clusters like Trumpler 14 and Westerlund 2 from the embedded to the gas-free phase and study the influence of stellar interactions. We concentrate on the development of the mean disk size in these environments. Our simulations show that in high-mass open clusters 80%–90% of all disks/planetary systems should be smaller than 50

just as a result of the strong stellar interactions in these environments. Already in the initial phases, three to four close flybys lead to typical disk sizes within the range of 18–27

. Afterward, the disk sizes are altered only to a small extent. Our findings agree with the recent observation that the disk sizes in the once dense environment of the Upper Scorpio OB association, NGC 2362, and h/χPersei are at least three times smaller in size than, for example, in Taurus. We conclude that the observed planetary systems in high-mass open clusters should also be on average smaller than those found around field stars; in particular, planets on wide orbits are expected to be extremely rare in such environments.
Splitting Echinocactus: morphological and molecular evidence support the recognition of Homalocephala as a distinct genus in the Cacteae
Authors: Vargas-Luna Mario Daniel , Hernández-Ledesma Patricia , Majure Lucas Charles , Puente-Martínez Raúl , Hernández Macías Héctor Manuel , Bárcenas Luna Rolando Tenoch
Published: November 2018

Molecular phylogenetic studies of the six currently accepted species in the genusEchinocactushave partially clarified certain aspects of its phylogeny. Most of the studies lack a complete sampling ofEchinocactusand are based only in one source of data. Phylogenetic uncertainties inEchinocactus, such as the recognition ofHomalocephalaas a different genus fromEchinocactus, the exclusion ofE.grusoniior the affinities ofE.polycephalus, are here resolved. Phylogenetic relationships ofEchinocactuswere reconstructed with a maximum parsimony, a maximum likelihood and a Bayesian approach including 42 morphological characters, four chloroplast markers (atpB-rbcL,trnH-psbA,trnL-trnF andtrnK/matK) and two nuclear genes. The utility of these two nuclear regions related to the betalain cycles (DODA and5GT) are explored and discussed in relation to their potential as phylogenetic markers. Concatenated analyses with morphological and molecular data sets, plus 13 indels (2847 characters and 26 taxa), show general agreement with previous independent phylogenetic proposals but with strong support in order to propose the recognition of a reducedEchinocactusand the recognition ofHomalocephalaat the generic level. These results recovered a polyphyleticEchinocactusas currently defined. The here-named HEA clade, recovers the species ofHomalocephala,EchinocacutsandAstrophytumas a monophyletic group with strong internal support. TheHomalocephala(H.texensis, H.parryiandH.polycephala), was recovered as sister to theEchinocactusclade (E.platyacanthusandE.horizonthalonius), plus theAstrophytumclade. Consequently, we propose here to recognise a monophyleticEchinocactusand a monophyleticHomalocephalaas two distinct genera with their own molecular and morphological synapomorphies. The evolution of some morphological characters supporting these clades are discussed, the necessary new taxonomic combinations forHomalocephalaare proposed and an identification key for the genera, the species and the subspecies of the HEA clade are presented.
A new Xenicocephalus species from Ecuador (Heteroptera, Enicocephalomorpha, Enicocephalidae)
Authors: Štys Pavel , Baňař Petr
Published: November 2018

Xenicocephalustomhenryisp. n. (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Enicocephalomorpha: Enicocephalidae) is established for a single macropterous female from Ecuador. The enigmatic genus now includes three species known from only two Neotropical adults and an incomplete female specimen. The new species is described and illustrated, extensive comparative diagnoses for Xenicocephalus species are provided, and nomenclature, distribution, and biology of the genus are reviewed. The architecture of the raptorial forelegs of Xenicocephalus is unique among Enicocephalomorpha, and the genus is classified as subfamily incertae sedis.
Perspectives on Rosa Luxemburg 1
Authors: Wittich Evelin
Published: November 2018

In this brief exchange, Evelin Wittich reflects on the contemporary significance of Rosa Luxemburg. In particular, Wittich addresses ways of situating Luxemburg as a European and global thinker, considering Luxemburg's stance on the national question and internationalism. This exchange
testifies to Luxemburg's continuing relevance in a time of populist politics in Europe. Wittich explores the links between Luxemburg's analysis of nationalism and national autonomy, and her engagement with the global remit of the accumulation of capital, imperialism and neo-colonialism. In
the conclusion, Wittich also comments on Luxemburg's interest in plants and animals and reflects on how Luxemburg's personal life cannot be detached from her restless fight for social justice.
Nécrologie juridique du comité d’entreprise : transformation et succession d’une institution juridique
Authors: Giraudet Carole
Published: November 2018

À peine septuagénaire, le comité d’entreprise disparaît à la suite d’une ordonnance du 22 septembre 2017 portant nouvelle organisation du dialogue social et économique dans l’entreprise. Par sa naissance, la personne juridique comité d’entreprise a consacré l’existence d’un collectif de salariés aux intérêts propres, formant une composante à part entière de l’entreprise. Avec lui, l’entreprise est devenue une réalité irréductible à la seule personne de l’employeur. Après une période de plein épanouissement juridique, le comité d’entreprise a été mis sous contrôle avant d’être supprimé par le législateur au profit d’une nouvelle instance : le comité social et économique. Ce dernier comité se présente comme l’héritier du premier ayant absorbé les autres instances élues, les délégués du personnel (DP) et le comité d’hygiène, de sécurité et des conditions de travail (CHSCT). Cette succession est technique et patrimoniale. Autre chose est la transmission du sens de la représentation des salariés qui, de référée à l’entreprise comprise comme une réalité économique et sociale, (re)devient la chose du seul employeur dont le processus décisionnel doit ménager une place formelle au dialogue.
Évolutions du paysage syndical et du salariat : analyse des élections aux comités d’entreprise (2009-2016)
Authors: Haute Tristan
Published: November 2018

Depuis la réforme de la représentativité syndicale de 2008 en France, les résultats des élections professionnelles, et en particulier celles aux comités d’entreprise, ont acquis un poids juridique, symbolique et médiatique renforcé. Mais les évolutions du paysage syndical, entre 2009 et 2016, n’ont été lues que comme le reflet d’une « opinion publique » salariale volatile, qui viendrait sanctionner ou approuver tel ou tel « type de syndicalisme ». Loin d’une lecture globalisante, nous faisons le choix d’une analyse fine des nouvelles données électorales rendues disponibles par la réforme de 2008, dont le maniement nécessite quelques précautions du fait de leur construction. Cette analyse montre que ces évolutions s’expliquent surtout par des éléments structurels (taille des entreprises, secteur d’activité ou catégorie d’emploi), faisant le lien entre résultats électoraux et implantations syndicales.
Caravage, ou la violente séduction de la mort
Authors: Bernateau Isée
Published: November 2018

À travers la violente séduction de l’œuvre de Caravage, il s’agit d’interroger la relecture lacanienne du concept de pulsion de mort pour faire apparaître son lien énigmatique et irréductible à la Chose comme fondement de la sexualité humaine.
Un Instantané de la psychanalyse à Porto Alegre et au Brésil
Authors: Eizirik Claudio , Troian Géraldine
Published: November 2018

L’auteur relève des spécificités de la psychanalyse brésilienne, de son histoire, de la vie institutionnelle actuelle soulignant l’importance du métissage dans la culture et la psychanalyse brésiliennes.
Psychanalyse d’enfants : questions d’actualité et réflexions sur la fin de la cure
Authors: Falcão Luciane , Cabrera Francisca Maria
Published: November 2018

L’auteure propose quelques réflexions sur le processus de finalisation de la cure analytique avec des enfants et s’interroge sur l’ en deçà du refoulé et sur les constructions et représentations présentes dans ces processus. En partant de l’irreprésentable jusqu’à l’au-delà du refoulé, elle présente ensuite quelques signes qui dénotent une évolution positive de l’analyse pratiquée avec des enfants et qui rendent possible de concevoir son terme.
Réflexion sur le vide dans la psychanalyse : de l’horreur du vide au vide créateur de métaphores
Authors: Canelas Neto José Martins , Cabrera Lo Bue Daniela
Published: November 2018

Du point de vue phénoménologique, le vide est présent presque dans toutes les organisations psychiques : névrose du vide, psychose blanche (Green) et états-limite. La notion d’hallucination négative de Green met en évidence l’importance de la construction de la « structure encadrante » dans l’analyse de ces patients, structure nécessaire à l’avènement du vide pendant la séance. D’un point de vue métapsychologique et à partir de deux exemples cliniques, l’auteur montre ensuite l’horreur et la résistance à l’égard de l’apparition du vide pendant la séance. Le processus analytique ne pourra se dérouler que grâce à l’acceptation de ce vide par le duo analytique. Le vide se rapproche alors de la notion de vacuité en tant que potentielle émergence de sens.
Le veuvage au féminin
Authors: Vernois Solange
Published: November 2018

Dans le dessin satirique et la caricature de la Belle Époque, les artistes ont souvent mentionné les ambiguïtés entre le statut du veuvage et la condition féminine, entre la protection sociale et l’aspiration à la liberté individuelle. D’une part, ils ont associé le veuvage à des contraintes matérielles, imposant des mesures de prévoyance avant le décès de l’époux, et ont exacerbé la peur de la pauvreté. D’autre part, ils ont montré les aspects paradoxaux du veuvage. Déterminé par des normes morales valorisant la sacralisation du souvenir « à perpétuité », celui-ci expose la femme sans époux, libérée du statut matrimonial, à une liberté jugée dangereuse. Non sans un certain cynisme, les caricaturistes ont débusqué les stratagèmes de la société pour déjouer les conventions et sauvegarder les apparences, en particulier durant la période du deuil. Dépendante du passé, du présent et de l’avenir, la veuve est, d’une certaine manière, le révélateur des préjugés de l’époque, mais aussi d’incertitudes laissant le champ libre à l’expression d’idées féministes novatrices.
Veuves éplorées, veuves joyeuses, veuves scabreuses
Authors: Bihl Laurent
Published: November 2018

Type social par excellence, la veuve s’inscrit de façon très complexe dans les imaginaires sociaux. Effacées dans les images illustratives, significativement absentes dans la littérature de physiologie du xix e  siècle, les figures de veuves investissent les arts de la scène sous le double registre tragique et comique. Par une démarche souhaitée intermédiale, cet article étudie la dissémination progressive de ces tropismes scéniques (opérette, pièces boulevardières) vers l’image imprimée (registre satirique, fait-diversier), en explicitant les connotations érotiques des « veuves joyeuses » et en les opposant aux figures éplorées, particulièrement nombreuses lors des sorties de guerre.
Les chantiers du numérique à la BnF (1990-2018)
Authors: Cohen Évelyne , Goetschel Pascale
Published: November 2018

À partir d’une rencontre avec Laurent Duplouy, chef du service numérisation au département de la conservation de la direction des services et des réseaux de la BnF, l’article propose une mise en perspective, assortie d’une réflexion, sur les enjeux actuels de la numérisation au sein de la Bibliothèque nationale de France. La reconstitution des étapes, l’analyse du jeu des acteurs qui en ont la charge, l’observation des mutations en cours en constituent les principaux angles d’attaque. En définitive, la numérisation apparaît comme un bon moyen pour appréhender l’évolution de la politique de conservation et de valorisation de la BnF, et plus largement, celle d’une institution de service public.
The Influence of Culture on Consumer Decision-Making Styles of Namibian Millennials
Authors: Semente Efigenia Madalena Mario , Whyte Grafton
Published: November 2018

This article investigated the influence of cultural values on Namibian Millennials' consumer decision-making styles. Data was obtained by administering the consumer style inventory (CSI) and Hofstede Cultural Dimensions instruments to a random sample of 505 respondents from the three (3) major Universities in Namibia. Responses from the survey instruments were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to assess the underlying structure of the components and for assessing the reliability and validity through Cronbach's Alpha coefficients. To explore the relationships between consumer decision-making styles and the independent variables of the study, Pearson correlation, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and the analysis of variance (ANOVA), were used. The study found a significant relationship between Namibia Millennials decision-making styles and their cultural values. The findings are deemed important for marketers, entrepreneurs and government in the formulation and the use of effective strategies when addressing the needs of this group.
Significance and Role of Entrepreneurial University in Emerging Economies
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: November 2018

Universities have been among the oldest organizations who have stood unchanged until the advent of globalization, the information explosion, and the convergence of information, technology, and communication. However, today as it stands, universities the world over are in a dynamic state and they are forced to transform to meet the ever-changing needs of development and growth. This is due in part from educating the next generation who can make their place and compete in the globalized world. Thus, universities in emerging economies are now moving towards becoming ‘entrepreneurial universities' to meet the changing demand and challenges. Thus, by adopting a qualitative approach with an in-depth literature review, the aim of this paper, to understand the need, role, and significance of the entrepreneurial university, and provide a holistic framework for an entrepreneurial university and to identify the critical success factors that make a university truly entrepreneurial in the context of emerging economies.
Assessing Visual Literacy in the Consumers of New Technologies
Authors: García-Sánchez Felicidad , Isla José Gómez , Therón Roberto , Casado-Lumbreras Cristina
Published: November 2018

Since the appearance of the term visual literacy in the second half of the 20th century, many authors have spoken of visual competencies. These competencies are acquired through the use of visual language and an understanding that the use of human and cultural capabilities makes people free to create and interpret messages. Furthermore, since the incorporation of new technologies, any prosumer (producer and consumer) can generate visual communication. This research develops and validates a questionnaire proposal to observe visual literacy in users of new technologies to analyze the state of literacy of image prosumers. This questionnaire is composed of 61 items that are related to habits in the reception, consumption, and production of images; the capacities of perception and visual interpretation; and the cultural aspects of the people who use images as a communicative vehicle. The purpose of this proposal is to facilitate the analysis of common characteristics that explain the moment in which people live from the point of view of visual communication and the cultural differences that are related to this field.
A Survey, Design and Analysis of IoT Security and QoS Challenges
Authors: Kesavan M , Prabhu J
Published: November 2018

IoT is a technological exemplar with a vision of “Everything is connected” enabling everyone to publish their generated data collected from different heterogeneous and homogenous systems onto the web. The basic concept of IoT is connectivity, a set of physical objects that use network support to exchange data. These objects can be software, boards, sensors, etc. In the real end to end network deployment, IoT is a platform and cloud is one part of it. In order to turn the IoT vision into reality high reliability, security and QoS are required to support the communications between the homogenous and heterogeneous networks. The security and QoS are critical factors in the real End to End topology. In this article, the authors proposed the various challenges for IoT security, and IoT routing between the edge and cloud.
Enhancing Professional Learning Through Mobile Devices for Pre-Service Teachers in Remote Communities
Authors: Townsend Philip Bruce
Published: November 2018

This article details the construction of a Grounded Theory to explain the concept of enhancing professional learning through mobile devices. The research data was delimited to the behaviours and beliefs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander pre-service teachers enrolled in two community-based initial teacher education programs in very remote communities in Australia. Four educational uses of mobile devices were identified: accessing content, handling administration, collaborating for academic support and sharing personal encouragement. The use of mobile devices enabled adults to choose times of study, choose places of study, complete assessment relevant to their course and achieve a career goal. Three elements that impact the educational use of mobile devices were identified (i.e. context, precursors and catalyst). Seven categories underlie the concept of enhancing professional learning through mobile devices: fostering access, facilitating customisation, promoting collaboration, supporting relevance, completing the course, empowering agency and enabling networking.
Analyzing Causality Among the Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention Variables with Respect to E-Shopping
Authors: Habeeb Syed , Sudhakar K Francis
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this article is to examine the effects of service quality and satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions like word-of-mouth, website revisitation and repurchase intentions with respect to online shopping in India. To build a vision for the future the study also highlights the servqual and webqual dimensions. About 254 valid responses from south India from individuals who must have made at least one previous online purchase were gathered. Factor analysis and structural equation modeling has been implemented to find out the important factors on what influences repurchase behavior among customers. The results reveal that e-service quality has a positive effect on e-satisfaction, where it also influences the consumer's behavioral intentions, namely word of mouth, website revisit, and repurchase.
Evolution of Synthetic Fluid from Water Extract from Fermented Ground Maize (WEFGM) as an Alternative to Water-Based Cutting Fluids: Performance Test
Authors: Yusuf Taofeek Ayotunde , Nnorom Chibueze , Olusunmade Olusola Femi
Published: November 2018

The use of agricultural wastes and natural materials in new technologies is a novel subject. Consequently, an attempt has been made to formulate a synthetic fluid using an organic water, Water Extract from Fermented Ground Maize (WEFGM) and compare its performance with water-based sample in turning operation using a mild steel as workpiece. Two samples of synthetic fluids were formulated from each of deionized WEFGM, ordinary WEFGM and deionized water as base-fluids at two composition (5 and 10%vol) levels of selected additives. The results of experimental analysis of heat transfer properties of these synthetic fluids exist, hence the need to ascertain the actual performance output. Temperature-Time Gradient (TTG) which is a rate of temperature drop (heat withdrawn) from the work zone was used as evaluation parameters. The result showed that deionized WEFGM is the most efficient of the entire samples at both compositions with an average TTG of 3.61 and 2.16 °C/min at 10 and 5% additive concentration respectively. At lower additive concentration which is more economically advantageous, the performance rating is deionized WEFGM>>WEFGM>>deionized Water. This implies that WEFGM is more effective than water as a base fluid for synthetic fluid in performance as it has been previously so reported in properties. Meanwhile, T-test statistical analysis (using IBM SPSS 23) shows that there is highly significant difference in TTG at each time of application of individual fluid (p<0.05). However, TTG of one fluid sample is not significantly different from the other (p>0.05) implying that the fluids can all work as coolants and relatively have comparable performance output.
Wood Constructions for Sustainable Building Renovation
Authors: Schuetze Thorsten
Published: November 2018

This paper discusses the potentials of different wood constructions for the renovation and extension of existing buildings for sustainable urban renewal. The renovation and extension of existing buildings with wood constructions can contribute significantly to sustainable urban redevelopment. The renovation of building envelopes, such as façades and roofs, with highly insulated wooden components, can reduce the transmission heat losses and related heating energy demand of existing buildings significantly. The extension of existing buildings contributes to the redensification of urban areas and can create synergies with the improvement of existing buildings’ performances. The manifold advantages of specific wooden constructions can be related to different aspects, such as construction type and material properties, building execution, design, logistic and sustainability. The results of this research discuss the architectural design and planning relevant properties of specific timber construction types, such as wood frame, cross-laminated timber (CLT), massive timber, and hybrid timber-concrete, considering the properties of different soft (such as spruce) and hard (such as beech) construction timber species. Timber constructions are compared with conventional massive constructions out of concrete and steel. The results confirm the significant advantages of timber constructions regarding all aspects.
Effect of Accelerated Curing on the Furnace Slag Based Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Sounthararajan Vallarasu Manoharan
Published: November 2018

The study aims to explore the effects of crimped polypropylene fiber (PP) inclusions in slag (GGBS) based concrete, which was used as cement replacement. The mode of accelerated curing on mechanical properties of the GGBS based concrete for various mixes of concrete was investigated systematically. The addition of PP fiber in the concrete increases the strain hardening properties of the concrete due to matrix reinforcing efficiency offered by discrete fibers present in the matrix. The experimental test results showed an increase in bending stress in concrete with an increase in percentage of PP fibers from 0.1% to 0.3% Vfof concrete. In the case of slag concrete, the optimum addition of slag up to 25% proved to be effective in improving the concrete strength properties. Further replacement of OPC in GGBS up to 50% concrete mixes showed a reduction in the compressive strength in normal curing. Indeed, an apparent increase in the compressive and flexural strength of slag based concrete was noticed in accelerated curing for various mixes of structural concrete.
Analysis of the relationship between life expectancy and social determinants in a north-eastern region of Brazil, 2010-2017
Authors: Duque Andrezza Marques , Peixoto Marcus Valerius , Lima Shirley V.M.A , Goes Marco Aurélio O. , Santos Allan D. , Araújo Karina Conceição Gomes Machado , Nunes Marco Antonio P.
Published: November 2018

The process of population aging is a worldwide reality becoming a global public health challenge. Although population aging is especially noticeable in more developed regions, there has also been a significant advance in the quantity of elderly people in areas with unfavourable socioeconomic indicators, and a rapid growth in countries with a low level of economic development. This article presents an analysis based on spatial autocorrelation of the relationship between life expectancy and social determinants in a north-eastern region of Brazil. An ecological study was conducted using the secondary data of social, demographic, and health indicators of elderly people collected in the Brazilian Demographic Census of the 75 municipalities of the state of Sergipe. Spatial autocorrelation was evaluated using the Moran global index and the local indicators of space association. Multiple linear regression models were used to identify the relationship between life expectancy and social determinants. The South-eastern region of the state presented clusters with all indicators pointing to acceptable lifestyles, whereas the municipalities of the north-western and far-eastern regions were characterized by values demonstrating precarious living conditions. The high dependency ratio, illiteracy rate, and unemployment rate among elderly people had a negative impact on life expectancy. The evidence confirms that there is an autocorrelation between social determinants and life expectancy, indicating that the worse the social, economic, and health indicators are, the lower the life expectancy. This finding indicates the need to redirect public policies and formulate strategies aimed at reducing social and health inequalities.
Comparing potential spatial access with self-reported travel times and cost analysis to haemodialysis facilities in North-eastern Iran
Authors: Kiani Behzad , Bagheri Nasser , Tara Ahmad , Hoseini Benyamin , Hashtarkhani Soheil , Tara Mahmood
Published: November 2018

End-stage renal disease patients regularly need haemodialysis three times a week. Their poor access to haemodialysis facilities is significantly associated with a high mortality rate. The present cross-sectional study aimed to measure the potential spatial access to dialysis services at a small area level (census tract level) in North Khorasan Province, Iran. The patients were interviewed to obtain their travel information. The two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method was used to measure the spatial accessibility of patients to the dialysis centres. The capacity of the dialysis centre was defined as the number of active dialysis facilities in each centre and the haemodialysis patients in each area were considered as the users of dialysis services. The travel cost from each patient’s residence to the haemodialysis facilities was visualized by the Kriging interpolation algorithm in the study area. Spatial accessibility to the dialysis centre was poor in the northern part of the study area. Fortunately, there were not many haemodialysis patients in that area. Patients’ travel costs were high in the northern areas compared to the rest of study area. We observed a statistically significant reverse correlation between the self-reported travel time and computed spatial accessibility (-0.570, P value <0.01, two-tailed spearman test). This study supports the notion that the 2SFCA method could be associated with revealed access time to dialysis facilities, especially in low traffic and in flat areas such as northern Khorasan. The mapping of patients’ distribution and interpolated travel cost to the haemodialysis facilities could help policymakers to allocate health resources to the areas where the need is greater.
Assessments of residential and global positioning system activity space for food environments, body mass index and blood pressure among low-income housing residents in New York City
Authors: Tamura Kosuke , Elbel Brian , Athens Jessica K. , Rummo Pasquale E. , Chaix Basile , Regan Seann D. , Al-Ajlouni Yazan A. , Duncan Dustin T.
Published: November 2018

Research has examined how the food environment affects the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many studies have focused on residential neighbourhoods, neglecting the activity spaces of individuals. The objective of this study was to investigate whether food environments in both residential and global positioning system (GPS)-defined activity space buffers are associated with body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) among low-income adults. Data came from the New York City Low Income Housing, Neighborhoods and Health Study, including BMI and BP data (n=102, age=39.3±14.1 years), and one week of GPS data. Five food environment variables around residential and GPS buffers included: fast-food restaurants, wait-service restaurants, corner stores, grocery stores, and supermarkets. We examined associations between food environments and BMI, systolic and diastolic BP, controlling for individual- and neighbourhood-level sociodemographics and population density. Within residential buffers, a higher grocery store density was associated with lower BMI (β=- 0.20 kg/m2, P<0.05), and systolic and diastolic BP (β =-1.16 mm Hg; and β=-1.02 mm Hg, P<0.01, respectively). In contrast, a higher supermarket density was associated with higher systolic and diastolic BP (β=1.74 mm Hg, P<0.05; and β=1.68, P<0.01, respectively) within residential buffers. In GPS neighbourhoods, no associations were documented. Examining how food environments are associated with CVD risk and how differences in relationships vary by buffer types have the potential to shed light on determinants of CVD risk. Further research is needed to investigate these relationships, including refined measures of spatial accessibility/exposure, considering individual’s mobility.
Operational satellite-based temporal modelling of Aedes population in Argentina
Authors: Espinosa Manuel , Alvarez Di Fino Eliana Marina , Abril Marcelo , Lanfri Mario , Periago Maria Victoria , Scavuzzo Carlos Marcelo
Published: November 2018

Aedes aegypti is a vector for Chikungunya, Dengue and Zika viruses in Latin America and is therefore a large public health problem for the region. For this reason, several inter-institutional and multidisciplinary efforts have been made to support vector control actions through the use of geospatial technologies. This study presents the development of an operational system for the application of free access to remotely sensed products capable of assessing the oviposition activity of Ae. aegypti in all of Argentina’s northern region with the specific aim to improve the current Argentine National Dengue risk system. Temporal modelling implemented includes remotely sensed variables like the normalized difference vegetation index, the normalized difference water index, day and night land surface temperature and precipitation data available from NASA’s tropical rainfall measuring mission and global precipitation measurement. As a training data set, four years of weekly mosquito oviposition data from four different cities in Argentina were used. A series of satellite-generated variables was built, downloading and resampling the these products both spatially and temporally. From an initial set of 41 variables chosen based on the correlation between these products and the oviposition series, a subset of 11 variables were preserved to develop temporal forecasting models of oviposition using a lineal multivariate method in the four cities. Subsequently, a general model was generated using data from the cities. Finally, in order to obtain a model that could be broadly used, an extrapolation method using the concept of environmental distance was developed. Although the system was oriented towards the surveillance of dengue fever, the methodology could also be applied to other relevant vector-borne diseases as well as other geographical regions in Latin America.
Two new chironomids bearing peculiar morphological features from Japan and China (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: Yamamoto Masaru , Yamamoto Nao , Tang Hongqu
Published: November 2018

A new subgenus, Nothorthocladius, of the genus Orthocladius v. d. Wulp and a new genus Yaethauma which bears a superficially resemblance to Collartomyia Goethgebuer of the subfamily Chironominae are erected, and the subgeneric and generic diagnoses are provided here. Orthocladius (Nothorthocladius) brevistylus sp. n. is described based on a single male and Yaethauma longiligulata sp. n. is described in both sexes. The former species is characterized from any other orthoclads by having the short gonostylus fused to gonocoxite. The species is treated as a member belonging to the genus Orthocladius based on various morphological features. The latter species is distinguishable from two other members of Collartomyia species by having the antepronotal lobe distinctly narrowed dorsally, the long ligula being sclerotized on the dorsolateral surface along outer margin, and the distinctly bifurcated pulvilli. Furthermore, in the male, the long and spindle-shaped anal point, the short and ovoid gonostylus, the long and distally expanded median appendage, the short and dorsolaterally elongate laterosternite, the plate-like apodeme lobe and the spermatheca bearing sclerotized neck in the female will be sufficiently separated from any described genera clearly.
Extracellular hemoglobin and environmental stress tolerance in Chironomus larvae
Authors: Nath Bimalendu B.
Published: November 2018

Hemoglobin (Hb) is one of the most common conserved molecules found in organisms belonging to all major kingdoms of life. Chironomid midge larvae are unique among the invertebrates being the only free-living group of organisms possessing extracellular hemoglobins (Hbs) in monomeric and dimeric forms floating in their hemolymph. Remarkable ability of individual species of chironomid midges to tolerate wide range of environmental stressors prevailing in their respective ecosystems has enabled chironomids to sustain as one of the most widely distributed insects in the world. Ability of different Chironomus spp to thrive under extreme hypoxic conditions as well as in the presence of chemical pollution made chironomid midges an efficient model system to assess the effect of environmental stress in different freshwater ecosystems. The modulation of Hb concentration has been found to be a function of different type of abiotic stressors and thus Hb of chironomid midges (Ch-Hb) has attracted the attention as a potential biomarker for environmental biomonitoring. Large body of literature on Ch-Hb accumulated mainly during sixties to eighties of twentieth century has enriched our understanding of its physiological, developmental and biochemical features. Empirical as well as in-silico studies carried out in recent years provided insights into many structure-function relationships of Ch-Hb. However, for the last few decades, majority of the studies were carried out to project and validate Ch-Hb as potential bioindicator for evaluating toxicants, chemical pollutants and environmental gradients of dissolved oxygen concentration. In this review, historical development of the subject has been compiled with notes on future implications of contemporary studies on Ch-Hb.
Understanding and optimising the social impact of venture capital: Three lessons from Ghana
Authors: Barnett Christopher , Jackson Edward , O'Flynn Peter , Ismaila Hamdiya , Agyeyomah Coleman
Published: November 2018

Background: Mobilising investment for sustainable development is a priority for many African governments and their international allies. There are many claims about the social impact of investments in small and growing businesses, and yet these mostly focus on good news stories or a narrow set of metrics (jobs created, tax revenue, etc.). There are relatively few studies that consider the diversity of social impacts, particularly in an African context.Objectives: The aim of this research was to work collaboratively with investors in Ghana to better understand social change and contribute to their own work on improved performance and reporting.Method: Using a theory-based examination of social impacts, the research purposively selected a subset of 13 investments from the Venture Capital Trust Fund (VCTF) in Ghana. Theories of change were used to explore the available documentation, triangulated with insights from fund managers, entrepreneurs, senior managers and, where possible, employees. The findings were validated with VCTF staff.Results: While the research demonstrated the usefulness of a theory-based approach, it found it helpful to develop a smaller set of typologies to capture different impact pathways – a more efficient way to assess and report on social returns. In particular, the research highlights how commonly used metrics like job creation undervalue the social impact of some types of investment. Other lessons also included the value of rural businesses (not typically favoured by venture capitalists) and the potential to further extend impacts to lower income groups, but that this required real intent and leadership on the part of investors and entrepreneurs.Conclusion: We conclude that further research is merited on two fronts. Firstly, research into the scale of the small and medium enterprises and the associated investment required to support the operating costs to really manage, improve, monitor and evaluate social impact. And secondly, further field testing of different evaluation techniques to help stakeholders better understand and improve the social benefits of venture capital.
High-Preload Deflection and Compressibility Test Procedures for Friction Materials
Authors:   Brake Linings Standards Committee
Published: November 2018

This standard specifies a method for testing and measuring the deflection of friction materials assemblies and compressibility of friction materials. This standard applies to disc brake pad assemblies and its coupons or segments, brake shoe lining and its coupons or segments, and brake blocks segments used in road vehicles. This SAE test method is consistent in intent with the ISO 6310 and the JIS 4413.