bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid RHD Zygosity Determination Using Digital PCR
Authors: Sillence Kelly A , Halawani Amr J , Tounsi Wajnat A , Clarke Kirsty A , Kiernan Michele , Madgett Tracey E , Avent Neil D
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

Paternal zygosity testing is used for determining homo- or hemizygosity of RHD in pregnancies that are at a risk of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. At present, this is achieved by using real-time PCR or the Rhesus box PCR, which can be difficult to interpret and unreliable, particularly for black African populations.

METHODS

DNA samples extracted from 53 blood donors were analyzed using 2 multiplex reactions for RHD-specific targets against a reference (AGO1)2 to determine gene dosage by digital PCR. Results were compared with serological data, and the correct genotype for 2 discordant results was determined by long-range PCR (LR-PCR), next-generation sequencing, and conventional Sanger sequencing.

RESULTS

The results showed clear and reliable determination of RHD zygosity using digital PCR and revealed that 4 samples did not match the serologically predicted genotype. Sanger sequencing and long-range PCR followed by next-generation sequencing revealed that the correct genotypes for samples 729M and 351D, which were serologically typed as R1R2 (DCe/DcE), were R2r′ (DcE/dCe) for 729M and R1r″ (DCe/dcE), R0ry (Dce/dCE), or RZr (DCE/dce) for 351D, in concordance with the digital PCR data.

CONCLUSIONS

Digital PCR provides a highly accurate method to rapidly define blood group zygosity and has clinical application in the analysis of Rh phenotyped or genotyped samples. The vast majority of current blood group genotyping platforms are not designed to define zygosity, and thus, this technique may be used to define paternal RH zygosity in pregnancies that are at a risk of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn and can distinguish between homo- and hemizygous RHD-positive individuals.
Hubungan Kepatuhan Cuci Tangan Terhadap Kejadian Infeksi Aliran Darah di Unit Neonatal Sebelum dan Setelah Edukasi
Authors: Mustarim Mustarim , Rohsiswatmo Rinawati
Published: June 2017

Latar belakang. Cuci tangan merupakan strategi efektif menurunkan kejadian infeksi aliran darah (IAD). Namun, angka kepatuhan cuci tangan tenaga kesehatan masih belum optimal, khususnya di Unit Neonatal. Program edukasi terhadap tenaga kesehatan dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan cuci tangan. Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan kepatuhan cuci tangan tenaga kesehatan terhadap kejadian IAD di Unit Neonatal sebelum dan setelah edukasi.Metode. Studi dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan di Unit Neonatal RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) periode Juli 2012-September 2014 sebelum dan setelah edukasi. Hasil. Rerata kepatuhan cuci tangan 68%, dengan kepatuhan tertinggi adalah perawat (69% sebelum edukasi dan 72,5% setelah edukasi), sedangkan terendah adalah petugas laboratorium (22%). Tingkat kepatuhan cuci tangan di unit level 2 lebih tinggi (73%) daripada level 3 (68,5%). Kepatuhan cuci tangan tenaga kesehatan terhadap kejadian IAD baik sebelum dan setelah edukasi tidak bermakna secara statistik (nilai p>0,05).Kesimpulan. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kepatuhan cuci tangan tenaga kesehatan terhadap kejadian IAD di Unit Neonatal sebelum dan setelah edukasi.
Aneignung in der Freiraumplanung - eine ideengeschichtliche und planungstheoretische Einordnung
Authors: Körner Stefan
Published: June 2017

Stefan Körner zeigt in seinem Beitrag, wie die Freiraumplanung in Deutschland in den 1970er Jahren in Abgrenzung zu der an den Methoden der Naturwissenschaften orientierten Landschaftsplanung und der künstlerisch ausgerichteten Landschaftsarchitektur entwickelt wurde. Sie folgte dabei einem Aufgabenverständnis, das die Gesellschaft und die Bedürfnisse der Menschen ins Zentrum stellte. Das führte zur methodischen Anlehnung an die Sozialwissenschaften (Hannoveraner Schule) oder zur Ausrichtung am bewährten-alltäglichen Gebrauch von Freiräumen (Kasseler Schule).
Raumaneignung partizipatorisch planen
Authors: Rehfeld Norika
Published: June 2017

Norika Rehfeld zeigt in ihrem Beitrag, wie der sozialpädagogische Begriff der Aneignung für die partizipatorische Planung von Freiräumen fruchtbar gemacht werden kann. Zunächst erläutert sie, dass der unter Bezug auf Leontjew entwickelte Aneignungsbegriff der Sozialpädagogik zu allgemein ist, um für die Planungspraxis urbaner Freiräume brauchbar zu sein: Jedes Verhalten im Raum wäre demnach Aneignung im Sinne einer Persönlichkeitsbildung. Sie macht in ihrem Beitrag daher methodische Vorschläge für eine Schärfung des Begriffes und für ein partizipatorisches Planungs- und Analyseinstrument, das Potenziale zur Raumaneignung aufzeigt und dadurch Handlungsspielräume und Möglichkeitsräume eröffnet.
Soziales Lernen aus der Perspektive der Aneignungstheorie von Alexej N. Leontjew
Authors: Göbel Christof
Published: June 2017

Christof Göbel beschreibt das Projekt eines im öffentlichen Raum temporär installierten Radiosenders in Mexiko City und nimmt dabei Bezug auf sozialpädagogische und raumsoziologische Modelle der Entstehung von sozialem Raum. Das »Radio Aguilita« wurde als von einer Universität begleitetes Experiment mit dem Ziel etabliert, einen öffentlichen, aber verwahrlosten und nicht genutzten Stadtplatz mit Leben zu füllen. Der Beitrag beschreibt zum einen den erfolgreichen Versuch, Aktivitäten im öffentlichen Raum gezielt zu induzieren, zum anderen setzt er sich aber kritisch mit der Frage auseinander, wie nachhaltig die temporäre Aktion wirken kann, um »echte« und langfristige Raumaneignung und Identifikation mit dem Raum zu erreichen.
Die Ordnung des Selbst
Authors: Bohn Simon
Published: June 2017

Wie gelingt die Inszenierung als Subjekt im Angesicht des Scheiterns? Durch welches Wissen und welche Praktiken werden persönliche Krisen im Kontext psychosozialer Beratung zugänglich und wie können Veränderungen in der Lebensführung ermöglicht werden? Durch differenzierte Analysen und unter Bezug auf poststrukturalistische Theorien zeigt Simon Bohn, wie psychosoziale Beratung einen Subjektivierungsprozess orchestriert, in dem das individuelle Selbstverständnis und die Lebensziele neu geordnet werden. Anhand anschaulicher Fallgeschichten und Interviews mit psychosozialen Berater_innen ermöglicht die Studie neue Einblicke in Krisenverläufe bei jungen Erwachsenen.
Impacto del turismo y del modelo neoliberal en las transformaciones urbanas de ciudades menores: el caso de Monte Hermoso, Buenos Aires. Argentina // Impact of tourism and the neoliberal model in the urban transformations of smaller cities: The case of Monte Hermoso, Buenos Aires. Argentina
Authors: Espasa Lorena , Fittipaldi Rosa Ángela , Michalijos Maria Paula
Published: June 2017

Los efectos territoriales de los procesos de reestructuración capitalista no son exclusivos de las grandes áreas metropolitanas, se evidencian también en pequeños espacios urbanos. Es el caso de las localidades turísticas de la Costa Atlántica Bonaerense de Argentina, dónde la velocidad de los cambios y la aceleración de las transformaciones están conformando territorios inestables, es decir, escenarios geográficos en los que se perciben mutaciones continuas como producto de la implantación del modelo neoliberal y de las nuevas tendencias que asume el turismo en este contexto. El  objetivo consiste en analizar los procesos de transformación territorial y sus consecuencias en Monte Hermoso. Para ello se realizaron sucesivos trabajos de campo y se aplicaron técnicas de reconstrucción espacial por períodos para la elaboración de cartografía representativa de las transformaciones urbanas mencionadas. Los resultados de la investigación demuestran que los cambios favorecen a determinados sectores de la trama urbana, destinados al turismo neoexclusivo, generando una fragmentación del espacio en relación a las áreas que parecen no responder a las lógicas del capitalismo actual.
Reseña: Ciudades populares en disputa. ¿Acceso a suelo urbano para todos?
Authors: Blanca Marina
Published: June 2017

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Perbandingan Hasil Pemodelan Aliran Satu Dimensi Unsteady Flow dan Steady Flow pada Banjir Kota
Authors: Tigor Oktaga Andreas , Suripin Suripin , Darsono Suseno
Published: June 2017

One dimensional flow is often used as a flood simulation for the planning capacity of the river. Flood is a type of unsteady non-uniform flow, that can be simulated using HEC-RAS. HEC-RAS software is often used for flood modeling with a one-dimensional flow method. Unsteady flow modeling results in HEC-RAS sometimes refer to error and warning due to unstable analysis program. The stability program among others influenced bend in the river flow, the steep slope of the river bottom, and changes in cross-section shape. Because the flood handling required maximum discharge and maximum flood water level, then a steady flow is often used as an alternative to simulate the flood flow. This study aimed to determine the advantages and disadvantages of modeling unsteady non-uniform and steady non-uniform flow. The research location in the Kanal Banjir Barat, in the Semarang City. Hydraulics modeling uses HEC-RAS 4.1 and for discharge the plan is obtained from the HEC-HMS 3.5. Results of the comparison modeling hydraulics the modeling of steady non-uniform flow has a tendency water level is higher and modeling of unsteady non-uniform flow takes longer to analyze. Results of the comparison the average flood water level maximun is less than 15%  (± 0,3 meters), that is 0.27 meters (13.16%) for Q50, 0.25 meters (11.56%) for Q100, dan 0.16 meters (4.73%) for Q200. So the modeling steady non-uniform flow can still be used as a companion version the modeling unsteady non-uniform flow.
Kajian Kinerja Sistem Polder sebagai Model Pengembangan Drainase Kota Semarang Bagian Bawah dengan Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Nugroho Hari , Kurniani Dwi , Asiska Mega , Nuraini Nuraini
Published: June 2017

One of the technological flood control and rob in the big cities is the polder system that include drainage systems , retention ponds, levees that surround the area, as well as the pump and / floodgates, as the area of integrated water management system. Likewise, as the coastal city of Semarang in Indonesia has built some of the polder which has been in operation or under construction. To assess the success of the polder management, necessary for a study to determine the performance of the system in controlling the flood in Semarang. Assessment of performance of the system as a whole polder in this study used the concept of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). The results of this study demonstrate the performance of the polder in Semarang is an ideal: Polder Tanah Mas (73.81 / 100), then Polder Banger (67.21 / 100), Polder Kali Semarang (58.70/100) and the Polder Tawang (58.65/100). The performance of the Polder system above can not be separated from the existence of an independent governing body and had been prepared much earlier. So the presence of the governing body needs to be prepared in the polder system development. To improve performance, the polder-existing polder in Semarang needs to be improved its performance by improving the performance indicators is still less based on this research primarily on indicators: financial, management agencies and learning and development.
Kinerja Model Fisik Konverter Energi Ombak Rangkaian Gear Searah pada Periode Ombak yang Bervariasi
Authors: Muchtar Masjono , Manjang Salama , Suriamiharja Dadang A , Thaha M Arsyad
Published: June 2017

To date there were few research on the effect of non-linearity properties of the ocean waves on the performance of wave energy converter (WEC), which uses a series of unidirectional gear. One such parameter is the variation of wave period. The influence of wave period variations on the performance of physical model of the wave energy converters have been investigated at the Hydraulics Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Hasanuddin University Indonesia. This WEC physical model was fabricated and assembled at Politeknik ATI Makassar Indonesia. The investigation steps consists of physical model development, physical model investigation at wave flume prior to the wave period  variation, measuring input output parameters of the physical model under test and empirical model formulation based on observed data analysis. Physical model test carried out on the wave flume at the Hydraulics Laboratory of the Department of Civil Hasanuddin University, at a water depth of 25 cm, wave height between 5-9 cm and wave period between 1.2 - 2.2 seconds. Investigation result based on flywheel radial speed (RPM) and torque (Nm) indicated that calculated harvested power was inversely proportional with the wave period. The longer the period of the waves, the energy produced is getting smaller. The derived empirical formula was y = -85.598x + 208.53 and R² = 0.8881. Y is energy produced (Watt) and X is the wave period (Second). Formulations generated from this study could be used as a reference for future research in dealing with wave period variations on a design one way gear wave energy converter as a source of renewable energy.
Studi Upah dan Beban Biaya Pekerja Konstruksi di Indonesia (Studi Kasus: Pekerja Konstruksi Gedung di Pulau Jawa)
Authors: Stevia Lukmanasari Srie Heruyani , Soemardi Biemo W
Published: June 2017

Labor wages have a large portion (approximately 30%) of construction contract value. Therefore, company should pay attention to labor wages. Unfortunately, existing data about construction labor wages in Indonesian are only showed as daily wages (for labor) and monthly wages (for employee/permanent staff), while there’s no information about their labor burden. Therefore, objectives of this study are to identify the component and structure of construction labor burden and wages in Indonesia and also to identify all factors related. Research method used int this study are empirical and inductive methods. After all data has been collected from field survey, description of the construction labor burden and wages model was compiled into its components. Moreover, comparison analysis used to identify factors related to construction labor burden and wages. Results of data processing and analysis shows that: 1) Construction labor burden in Indonesia for both employee/permanent staff and labor commonly consist of direct and indirect payment, and conditional and lumpsum payment, but there are different distributions between each kind of labor. 2) Construction labor burden and wages in Indonesia commonly depend on company profile, project profile, and labor profile.
Pemanfaatan Katalis Alumina Bekas Sebagai Bahan Pengisi Cat
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto , Amrulloh B. , Syahzaeni T.
Published: June 2017

Pemanfaatan limbah menjadi produk yang berguna merupakan salah satu upaya pengelolaan limbah industry. Katalis alumina bekas yang mengandung komponen utama Al2O3 dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pengisi cat besi. Pengetahuan ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui binder dan komposisi cat yang relatif baik dengan menggunakan bahan pengisi katalis alumina bekas.Bahan baku cat berupa binder  alkid resin dan nitroselulosa, pelarut butyl asetat, zat pewarna biru Prussian blue, dan zat berwarna merah Red Iron Oxide, dan sebagai bahan pengisi digunakan serbuk katalis alumina bekas. Pembuatan cat dilakukan pada suatu reaktor ybg dilengkapi dengan pengaduk. Bahan-bahan baku dimasukkan ke dalam reaktor dan dilakukan pengadukan sampai homogeny. Uji produk  cat yang dilakukan berupa pengukuran berat jenis, warna, ketahanan terhadap cuaca, waktu pengeringan dan keadaan dalam wadah penyimpanan. Hasil uji dan pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa serbuk katalis bekas dapat sebagai bahan pengisi cat,dengan komposisi berkisar 20 persen menggunakan binder dan alkid resin. Kata kunci : pemanfaatan limbah, katalis bejas, cat besi
Fault Analysis Of Process System Using Multi Block Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Sasongko S. B. , Ibrahim K. A. , Ahmad A.
Published: June 2017

This research looks into the issues of the quality improvement based on process control instead of product control using multivariate statistical process contro. A deterministic model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM-FC) power plant was used as a case study to represent a multi variable or mukti equipment system. A three-step approach is proposed which  can be classified into fault detection, fault isolation, and faulr diagnosis. The fault detection and the isolation utilize the multivariate analysis and yhe contro chart method , which uses the series multi-block principal component analysis  of extended of PCA method. The series block principal component abalysis is solved using the non linear iteration partial least squares (NIPALS) algorithm. The SB-PCA can advangeouly incorporate the control chart, namely, T2 Hotelling control chart. In the fault diagnosis chart, the normalized variable method was successfully applied in this study with promising results. As a conclution, the result of this study demonstrated the potentials of multivariate statistical process control in solving fault detection and diagnosis problem for multi variable and multi equipment system.Keywords : statistical process control, principal component, fault analysis
Demulsifier Selection Based On The Evaluation Of Demulsification Performance Indicators
Authors: Pramudono B. , Mat H. B.
Published: June 2017

A method for characterizing and selecting demulsifiers has been developed. The development was based on either the relationships between the demulsification parameters and demulsifier performance or demulsifier characteristics and demulsifier performance. The importance of each of these parameters to performance was discussed. The result was eight demulsification performance indicators consisting of the percentage of water separation, percentage of oil separation, demulsification efficiency, demulsification effectiveness, partition coefficient, interfacial pressure, interfacial activity, and Hydrophilic Balance (HLB). Quantification of the indicators conducted by determination of the performance indexes for each indicator. It was obtained from the condition that the demulsifier exhibits good performance. Additionally, the study found a correlation between the parameters it self. The demulsifier effectiveness as well as the interfacial pressure reaches a maximum value when the partition coefficient closed unity. Increasing of the interfacial pressure, in consequence, will increase  both the demulsifier effectiveness and interfacial activity. The effect of both the HLB and molecular weight on the  percentage of separation indicates a weak correlation.Keywords :A method for characterizing and selecting demulsifiers has been developed. The development was based on either the relationships between the demulsification parameters and demulsifier performance or demulsifier characteristics and demulsifier performance. The importance of each of these parameters to performance was discussed. The result was eight demulsification performance indicators consisting of the percentage of water separation, percentage of oil separation, demulsification efficiency, demulsification effectiveness, partition coefficient, interfacial pressure, interfacial activity, and Hydrophilic Balance (HLB). Quantification of the indicators conducted by determination of the performance indexes for each indicator. It was obtained from the condition that the demulsifier exhibits good performance. Additionally, the study found a correlation between the parameters it self. The demulsifier effectiveness as well as the interfacial pressure reaches a maximum value when the partition coefficient closed unity. Increasing of the interfacial pressure, in consequence, will increase  both the demulsifier effectiveness and interfacial activity. The effect of both the HLB and molecular weight on the  percentage of separation indicates a weak correlation.Keywords : Chemical demulsifier, demulsifier performance, demulsification parameters, performance index
Model Pola Alir Fasa Cair Dalam Reaktor Trickle Bed Dengan Packing Karbon Aktif
Authors: Mahfud Mahfud , Husodo F.
Published: June 2017

Unjuk kerja dari reaktor trickle bed tidak hanya dipengaruhioleh kinetika reaksi, melainkan juga oleh faktor perpindahan massa dan hidroninamikanya. Salah satu faktor hidrodinamika yang penting adalah pola alir dalam reaktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pola alir fasa cair dalam reaktortrickel bed dan memodelkan alirannya untuk berbagai kondisi operasi (laju alir gas dan laju alir cairan). Reaktor trickle bed yang digunakan dalm percobaan ini terdiri dari kolom acrylic yang berdiameter dalam 4,8. 10-2 m dengan tinggi 7.10-2 m dengan menggunakan packing karbon aktif granular (drata-rata = 0,476 cm). Kondisi operasinya adalah laju alir gas  antara 1,33- 2,4. 10-4 m3/s, laju alir cairan antara 1,2-2,37. 10-5 m3/s, tekanan atmosferik dan suhu kamar (29 0C). Metode stimulus response digunakan untuk memperoleh distribusi waktu tinggal  dengan menggunakan laruan NaCl sebagai pelacak yang diinjeksikan secara pulse pada bagian masuk reaktor  dan konsentrasi keluar reaktor diukur dengan menggunakan konduktometer. Kurva distribusi waktu tinggal yang diperoleh  dicocokkan dengan model dispersed plug-flow dan model tanki seri, dengan bilangan disperse (D/μL) dan bilangan tanki (N) sebagai parameter model. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa distribusi  waktu tinggal sangat dipengaruhi oleh laju alir cairan dan sedikit dipengaruhi laju alir gas dalam reaktor. Kedua model menunjukkn kecocokan dengan data percobaan, namun model tanki seri lebih baik. Harga bilangan disperse (D/μL)  yang diperoleh dalam reaktor ini berkisar 0,075-0,104 dan bilangan tanki seri (N) berkisar antara 5,4-7,2; yang menunjukkan bahwa reaktor tersebut tidak berada dalam pola alir ideal (plugflow atau mixedflow). Bilangan disperse menurun secara signifikan dengan meningkatnya laju alir cairan, tetapi sedikit dengan lajualir gas.Kata kunci : reaktor trickle bed, pola alir, disperse plug flow, tanki seri
Vegetable Oils as Metal Quenchants: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Simencio Otero R. L. , Canale L. C. F. , Totten G. E. , Meekisho L.
Published: June 2017

There is an ongoing interest in the development and use of renewable base stocks to formulate quenchants. The most common criterion of vegetable oils as renewable base stocks is their biodegradability and that they be non-toxic. A comprehensive overview of all aspects of vegetable oils that impacts their potential for commercial use is provided. Topics discussed include: vegetable oil structure, processing, physical properties, classification, biodegradation and toxicity; oxidation and inhibition; wetting and wetting kinematics; and applications. As a class, vegetable oil-based quenchant formulations reported in the literature to date exhibit a number of disadvantages, the most notable being their relatively poor thermal-oxidative stability in comparison with petroleum oil-based quenchants in use. Potential pathways to vegetable oil-based fluid compositions that may rival the thermal-oxidative stability of many petroleum oil-based quenchants were introduced.
ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПРИКЛАДНИЙ АНАЛІЗ КУЛЬТУРНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ В НАУКОВИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ ВІТЧИЗНЯНИХ І ЗАРУБІЖНИХ УЧЕНИХ
Authors: Kinash I.P. , Senychak V.V.
Published: June 2017

Стаття здійснює аналіз культурної політики в наукових дослідженнях вітчизняних і зарубіжних учених. З’ясовано, що в різних країнах світу вона  є складовою соціальної політики та важливим інструментом розвитку. Визначено роль культури як потужного засобу консолідації суспільства, утвердження національної самосвідомості й патріотизму. Запропоновано в сучасних умовах розвитку України реалізовувати мету культурної політики через  ідею національно-культурного відродження та відновлення єдності держави.
ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: Levandivskyi O.T.
Published: June 2017

У статті досліджено підходи економістів до визначення головної мети інвестиційної діяльності. У ґенезі цієї проблеми показано три основні підходи. Наголошується, що сучасна інвестиційна діяльність тісно пов'язана і погоджена з економічною політикою. Також, розглядаються два основні цикли інвестиційного процесу.

Виділяються основні концепції, які в даний час активно використовуються в інвестиційному менеджменті як методичний інструментарій вирішення прикладних завдань. Показано, які елементи входять в структуру механізму інвестиційного менеджменту.

Наголошується, що система інвестиційного менеджменту реалізує свою головну мету та основні завдання шляхом здійснення певних функцій. Ці функції поділяються на дві основні групи, обумовлені комплексним змістом розглянутої системи управління інвестиційною діяльністю.
CONDICIONES DE FINANCIAMIENTO PÚBLICO QUE ENFRENTAN LAS MICROEMPRESAS DEL SECTOR COMERCIO EN COSTA RICA
Authors: Avendaño-Quesada Cristel , Barrantes-Barboza María José , Claro-López Paula , Solano-Salazar Daniela
Published: June 2017

El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es analizar las condiciones de financiamiento público que enfrentan las microempresas del sector comercio en Costa Rica. Para lo cual se analizan estudios anteriores sobre el tema y se selecciona una muestra de microempresas del sector comercio, ubicados en el cantón de Heredia. Se investiga su grado de acceso al crédito, las principaleslimitaciones, las instituciones y fondos que se han creado y sus respectivos requerimientos. Asimismo, el trabajo muestra como el acceso al financiamiento es clave para el crecimiento y expansión de estas empresas, por lo que el Estadodebe hacer énfasis en el fomento de este sector.
SURGICAL TECHNIQUE OF CONCOMITANT LAPAROSCOPICALLY ASSISTED VAGINAL HYSTERECTOMY AND LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY
Authors: Stancu Bogdan , Grad Nicolae Ovidiu , Mihaileanu Vasile Florin , Chiorescu Stefan , Pintea Simona Daniela , Constantinescu Mihaela Ioana
Published: June 2017

Background. Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy is one of the most frequently performed gynecologic operations, and numerous authors have demonstrated its safety and feasibility.Case presentation. We practiced in some selected cases simultaneous laparoscopically assisted vaginal total hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy using 5 trocars without uterine manipulator. Previous examinations included abdominal ultrasound, cervix biopsy and CT of abdomen and pelvis.Our aim was to evaluate the surgical technique of our initial experiences for combined laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy and laparoscopic colecystectomy.Conclusions. Laparoscopic hysterectomy had a number of advantages over the conventional technique given the underlying associated diseases, postoperative pain, rapid recovery and aesthetic benefits.
Structural changes in skeletal muscles in hypokinesia and physical loading in the posthypokinetic period of recovery of rats’ organisms
Authors: Popel’ S. L.
Published: June 2017

This article reports the study of histo-ultrastructural changes of different structural components of the direct muscle of the thigh of sexually mature male rats over a prolonged period of hypokinesia and subsequent application of physical loading of average aerobic power. Using a light optical, electron microscope (for the exposure of structural transformations of muscle components) and histochemical (for determination of activity of succinate dehydrogenase according to the Nahlas method to identify muscle fibers with different phenotypes) methods, we studied the structural manifestations of adaptation of muscle fibres under prolonged (240 day) hypokinesia and 15–30 episodes of physical loading of average aerobic power in the posthypokinetic period among 55 sexually mature rats. Under prolonged hypokinesis we primarily observed changes in the intramuscular network and morphometric changes in the blood vessels. These data closely correlate with the progression of changes of the subcellular components responsible for energetic and flexible balance of muscle fibres. We found that fast oxygen-glycolytic muscle fibers and their peripheral nervous apparatus are the most sensitive to prolonged hypokinesia. As a result of application of physical loading of average aerobic power, reparative regeneration is intensified, which substantially shortens the period of recovery of structural-functional properties of skeletal muscles in the conditions of hypokinetic disorders. Thus, in prolonged hypokinesia, changes primarily affect the sources of blood supply to skeletal muscles, with the secondary development of reverse processes in muscle fibers and peripheral nervous apparatus with certain morphometric signs.
Effect of external lighting on biopotential of maize leaves caused by pulsed temperature stimulation
Authors: Motsnyj M. P. , Botsva N. P. , Elina О. V. , Chernetchenko D. V. , Sadovskaya L. Y. , Tykhomyrov O. Y.
Published: June 2017

Study of electrophysiological indicators of the condition and behavior of plants has become more important in the development of farming activities and the search for effective ways to improve the productivity of crops. The influence of external light on the adaptive ability of corn leaf cells to rhythmic cold stimulation was determined experimentally. The method of rhythmic cold stimulation is not adequate for the studied plants, but its application allows us to evaluate the stability of plant cells to external stimuli. The method consists in repeating irritation during the time period of less duration than the relative refractory phase, which causes a response of less than the previous amplitude. Because of this in the system there is a negative feedback that leads to stabilization of the amplitude of biopotentials that are registered. Rhythmic cold stimulation was applied to the leaf with the help of a quick-response thermostimulator. Rhythmic cold stimuli and settings of pulses were set by computer software. Cooling temperature was controlled using miniature differential thermocouple. Potentials of the leaf surface were diverted by an unpolarized macroelectrode and after a preamplifier fed to the input of the USB oscilloscope connected to the computer. Analysis of the results of experiments was performed using automated developed software. As a result, we experimentally established that rhythmic stimulation of leaves by cold leads to stabilization of responding potential. The level of stabilization depends on the frequency of cold stimuli and describes the adaptive properties of the system causing the biopotential. We found that the absence of photosynthesis when there is a deficit outdoor lighting leads to a significant increase in the average level of stabilized responses, indicating increased stability of the system to external influences. The maximum of this increase fell on the fourth day. This increase is likely to be due to the restructuring of functional ion transport through cell membranes, generating potentials registered. In the interval 4–9th days there was a significant decrease in stabilization, probably due to adaptation of plant cells to a lack of light, or depletion of ATP, which provides the active transport of ions across the cell membrane.
Biochemical properties of the plasma of rats with the experimentally induced hepatitis after oral administration of sodium diclofenac
Authors: Gryshchenko V.
Published: June 2017

We conducted an analysis of the metabolic activity of the liver and defined the peculiarities of biochemical parameters and macroelement composition of blood plasma of rats with experimentally induced toxic hepatitis. Hepatopathology was modeled by oral administration of sodium diclofenac at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg of body mass to rats during 14 days. For the preparation of plasma, rat blood was collected from the abdominal aorta into test-tubes with heparin, and then it was centrifuged at 1500 rev./min for 15–20 min. Then we studied biochemical parameters of blood indicators (level of total protein, albumin, total and conjugated bilirubin, glucose, creatinine, urea, triacylglycerols, cholesterol, thymol test value, activities of ALT, AST, LP and GGT, amylase and lipase) and also its macroelement composition: concentration of sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and chlorine using automatic biochemical analyzer «BioSystem A15» (Spain) according to the recommendations of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) Experts Panel. The results of the introduction in the laboratory rats of drug-induced toxic hepatitis indicate a decrease of metabolic activity of hepatocytes under this hepatopathology. The results showed a decrease in total protein by 17%, albumin by 11%, glucose by 6% , triacylglycerols by 53%, cholesterol by 54%, and an appreciable increase in thymol test value (by a factor of 2.8). Besides this, disruption of the liver pigment function, development of cytolytic syndrome and intrahepatic cholestasis were revealed in the affected animals. The increased activity of the studied blood enzymes (ALT by 28%, AST by 45%, LP by 30%, GGT by a factor of 2.1) confirmed these disruptions. The increase in AST/ALT by 12% ratio confirmed destructive changes in cell membranes, including mitochondrial membranes, caused by metabolic changes under the toxic influence of sodium diclofenac. The increased activities of α-amylase by a factor of 2.4 and lipase by a factor of 8.3 indicate complex negative changes in the organism, not only in liver structure, but also in the pancreas. The results of the study indicate hypocalcemia (decrease by 29%), hypophosphatemia (decrease by 47%) and hypomagnesaemia (decrease by 38%) and a simultaneous increase in the Ca : P ratio by 35%. The last mentioned changes can cause the development of endogenous osteopathy. The results of the study can be used in diagnostics of development of hepatopathology caused by the toxic effects of medication on the liver, for prevention of complications through the early implementation of effective correction therapy.
Myofascial syndrome as a pathogenetic mechanism for formation of scoliosis in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lysenko Y.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this research was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of clinical changes and electroneuro­myographic indices in people with multiple sclerosis in combination with various types of functional disorders of posture. The study involved 105 people with multiple sclerosis aged 26–58 who were undergoing rehabilitation at a specialized medical center. The degree of spasticity of the muscles was determined by the modified Ashworth scale. To assess the intensity and nature of pain, a neurologic examination was performed using a visual analogue scale and a McGilovsky pain questionnaire. Interference and stimulation electroneuromyography was used to characterize the functional state of the peripheral neuromotor apparatus of skeletal muscles, the results of which determined the maximum arbitrary contraction of the muscle using quantitative analysis of time, amplitude and frequency parameters, and also determined the speed of the pulse, the amplitude and duration of the F wave, latent period and polyphase M-wave, monosynaptic testing (H-reflex) was carried out. The percentage of Hmax/Mmax was calculated from the electroneuro­myographic results. By the ratio between the maximum and minimum amplitude of the M-response, the number of motor units was calculated. To analyze the denervation-reinvational processes of motor units and degenerative-restorative changes in the muscle fibers, spontaneous fibrillation potentials and positive acute waves were recorded. By the stage of manifestation of pain myofascial syndrome, all patients were divided into three groups, in which the force characteristics decreased by 10.2%, 25.0% and 30.2%, respectively. It is well understood in clinic-instrumental research, that in 67.3% cases of multiple sclerosis the patient also suffers from functional scoliosis. This pathological symptom complex contributes to the creation of not only muscular, but also fascial-ligamental trigger points. They, in turn, are the source of the formation of secondary trigger loci. In terms of the degree of manifestation of subjective pain in the presence of myo-fascial syndrome, all patients were divided into three groups, and depending on the value of individual indicators, three stages of spontaneous fibrillation potentials were identified that clearly correlate with the degree of fibromyalgic syndrome and manifest specific electroneuromyographic disorders in each of these stages. The main pathogenetic mechanism that contributes to the formation of pathological bends of the spine in people with multiple sclerosis is a painful muscular-fascial syndrome. It is provoked by myofascial hypertonia and takes part in the development of cross syndromes, which is also manifested by clear changes in electroneuromyographic parameters in the form of asymmetric muscle tone. This article discusses clinical variants of the course of local muscular-tonic syndromes. Pathogenetic approaches to the prevention of posture disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis are presented here.
PRODUCTION OF HYBRID RECOMBINANT PROTEIN Flu-Chim, CONTAINING INFLUENZA VIRUSES A AND B MAJOR EPITOPES
Authors: Dukhovlinov I. V. , Dobrovolskaia O. A. , Orlov A. I.
Published: June 2017

The influenza virus is highly contagious diseases of people, birds and mammals. Approximately 250 000– 500 000 deaths are caused by influenza epidemics worldwide yearly, and the death number may be up to millions in a possible influenza pandemic. Vaccination is the most cost-effective way to reduce the considerable disease burden of seasonal influenza. Although seasonal influenza vaccines are effective, their performance in the elderly and immunocompromised individuals would benefit from improvement. Major problems related to the development and production of pandemic influenza vaccines are response time and production capacity as well as vaccine efficacy and safety. Reverse genetics techniques can speed up the generation of seed viruses and new mathematical modelling methods improve vaccine strain selection. Using vaccines based on recombinant proteins, we avoid the risks associated with the introduction of the virus into the body, even inactivated. In this paper, we have got a highly purified recombinant fusion protein composed of fragments of the hemagglutinin of influenza viruses A and B. As adjuvant we used components of flagellin. We used the most immunogenic and conserved areas of hemagglutinin H1, H3, H5 and B, which cause the formation of specific antibodies which can cross-react with homologous epitopes among the various strains of influenza A and B. Vaccine efficacy is increased by using multiple epitopes of various proteins. The aim of this study was to clone and express the hybrid recombinant protein Flu-Chim, containing immunogenic epitopes of influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, A/H5N1 and B fused with fragments of flagellin in Escherichia coli expression system and its subsequent purification. During the study was created high-yield E. coli strain, which produces the recombinant protein Flu-Chim, selected the optimal protocol of induction of the gene encoding the protein. The protein was purified using metal affinity chromatography. The purity of the final preparation reached 98%. In the future, we are going to study the immunogenic properties of the protein and use it as a component of the candidate vaccine against influenza.
POLYMORPHISMS WITHIN INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE, CALCIUM METABOLISM AND LIPID METABOLISM ARE PREDICTORS OF INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS
Authors: Ponasenko A. V. , Kutikhin A. G. , Khutornaya M. V. , Rutkovskaya N. V. , Kondyukova N. V. , Odarenko Yu. N. , Kazachek Ya. V. , Tsepokina A. V. , Yuzhalin A. E. , Barbarash L. S. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: June 2017

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a septic inflammation of the endocardium generally caused by bacteria. Despite certain advances in treatment, case fatality rate and mortality of IE are still relatively high, particularly in high-risk groups. This requires the development of novel efficient preventive approaches; one of them is a personalized medicine. Recognition of microbial patterns, cytokine and acute phase responses, hemostasis features and alterations in plasma lipid and calcium profile all have been reported to affect pathogenesis and clinical course of IE. We hypothesized that inherited genomic variation in the abovementioned pathways may determine individual susceptibility to IE. Having recruited 124 patients with IE and 300 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls, we profiled their genomic DNA for 35 functionally significant polymorphisms within the 22 selected genes involved in pathways mentioned above, with the further genetic association analysis. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan allelic discrimination assay while statistical analysis was carried out utilizing SNPStats, a web tool for genetic association analysis. We found that the G/A genotype of the rs1143634 polymorphism within the IL1B gene, the G/T genotype of the rs3212227 polymorphism within the IL12B gene, the A/G genotype of the rs1130864 polymorphism within the CRP gene, and the G allele of the rs1801197 polymorphism within the CALCR gene are associated with a decreased risk of IE whereas the T/T genotype of the rs1205 polymorphism within the CRP gene is associated with a higher risk of IE. Furthermore, heterozygous genotypes of the rs1143634 and rs3212227 polymorphisms were associated with the higher plasma levels of IL-1β and IL-12, respectively, suggesting their possible importance for IE development. Our results indicate that inherited variation in the cytokine, acute phase response, and calcium metabolism pathways may be linked to IE. However, further molecular epidemiology studies are needed to thoroughly uncover the genetic basis of IE.
The Right to Internal Self-Determination in Peacebuilding Processes: A Reinterpretation of the Concept of Local Ownership from a Legal Perspective
Authors: Demir Ebru
Published: June 2017

The right to internal self-determination offers a legal ‘checklist’ for the UN to provide both legitimacy and sustainability to peacebuilding processes. The right both clarifies the actors of post-conflict reconstruction and also concretises to what extent these actors should be incorporated into peacebuilding processes. Although the concept of local ownership has become an often-cited concept in peacebuilding literature, the legal ground of the concept (i.e. the right to internal self-determination) has been disregarded. This paper aims to reveal the legal aspect of the concept of local ownership and thus, attaches the right to internal self-determination with local ownership.
Социальность учителей: внешние и внутренние условия
Authors: Кожевникова Маргарита Николаевна
Published: June 2017

В статье исследуется проблема социальности педагогов и условий ее становления — внешних и внутренних. Социальность понимается автором как способность к общности с Другими (учащимися, коллегами, образовательными институциями), а социальность педагогов — как имеющая особенности в плане границ общности; модуса отношений с Другими и типа включенности в социум.

Вопрос о социальности учителей оказывается важен для прояснения истоков конформности в обществе и конформности в образовании.  С чего начинается профессиональная конформность учителей? Автор вычленяет элементы социальности педагогов, в зависимости от которых определяются внутренние и внешние факторы.

Внутренние факторы выражены в профессиональном самосознании и представлены в комплексе пониманий, позиций, переживания личностных смыслов и личностной ответственности в самосознании учителя. Они составляют проблематику личной миссии учителя, определяют саму трактовку профессионального социума со стороны педагогов.

Внешние факторы относятся к уровню включения педагогов в профессиональный социум, бывают выражены в принципах организации педагогического социума. Их определяют институциональные и управленческие модели. Эти факторы выявляются в формировании социальных позиций педагогов, в принимаемой ими институциональной роли и т. д.  В связи с этими позициями и ролями обычной для социума педагогов ситуацией оказывается противостояние активной административной «власти центра» и «власти периферии», или пассивного большинства.  

Текущая общественная ситуация в России и на Западе определяется растущим влиянием идеологии неолиберализма. В образовании это влияние ведет к росту отчуждения учителей от их собственных ценностных оснований. Социальная идентичность учителей в педагогическом коллективе при этом может формироваться в двух направлениях: «принятой коллективной» (конформистской) или «рефлективной социальной» идентичности. Однако подлинная общность учительского сообщества возникает лишь во втором случае. Из внешних факторов важнейшим условием для этого является синергетический тип управления в образовании, о необходимости которого пишет автор.
Джедаизм
Authors: Лапшин Василий Андреевич
Published: June 2017

В статье представлены определение и описаны особенности субкультуры «джедаизм», основанной на идеях фантастической киноэпопеи Дж. Лукаса «Звездные войны». Джедаизм является молодежной субкультурой, участники которой воспроизводят элементы одежды, символику, этические нормы из данного кино. 
Неустойчивый баланс между коллективным и индивидуальным началами в культуре. Свобода как индикатор равновесия
Authors: Флиер Андрей Яковлевич
Published: June 2017

Статья посвящена рассмотрению взаимодействия и баланса коллективной и индивидуальной форм жизнедеятельности и соответствующих культур, исторических тенденций этого процесса и его связанности со становлением и развитием представлений о свободе, с доминантными формами идеологии.  

Обосновывается единство целей социального и символического сегментов культуры по обеспечению социальной интеграции, как непосредственного, так и опосредованного. Изначально культура была сосредоточена на апологии коллективного начала в жизнедеятельности. «Реабилитация» индивидуального начала в культуре начинается с искусства итальянского Ренессанса. В социальной жизни процесс индивидуализации начался с возникновения дуэли как акции по защите личного достоинства и системы идентификации человека по имени и фамилии. Современная эпоха отличается высоким уровнем развития индивидуальной культуры и сокращением сферы коллективной культуры.

Но речь не идет о вытеснении одного другим, а только о балансе обоих начал. Этот баланс выражается в масштабе свободы. Свобода и есть выражение актуального психологически комфортного баланса коллективного и индивидуального начал в культуре. Расширение свободы — это усиление индивидуального начала. Наглядней всего этот баланс выражен в господствующей идеологии. Этот баланс исторически неустойчив и связан с преобладанием того или иного социально-политического сегмента в обществе. Но в любом случае общество нуждается в поддержании психологически комфортного соотношения между коллективной и индивидуальной культурами.