bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El espacio mural. Sobre la percepción del espacio arquitectónico modificado a través de la superficie mural
Authors: García Álvarez César
Published: January 2016

El espacio mural. Sobre la percepción del espacio arquitectónico modificado a través de la superficie mural, Buenos Aires, Diseño Editorial, 2014.
Geografía global y Neogeografía. La dimensión espacial en la ciencia y la sociedad
Authors: Buzai Gustavo D.
Published: January 2016

El presente trabajo analiza el Sistema Tierra y el Sistema Mundo como realidad empírica estudiada por la Geografía. Centra su atención en la Tecnosfera y en sus componentes espaciales que forman la Geotecnosfera de alcance global.

Con origen en la actividad científica las Tecnologías de la Información Geográfica (TIG) comienzan a tener un uso social generalizado, por lo tanto el nuevo contexto se enfoca desde diversas escalas: el mundo (globalización de los datos geográficos a través de la red), la ciencia (Geografía Global) y la sociedad (Neogeografía). Se define un nuevo ciclo en la historia de la Geografía y también el comienzo de una nueva etapa.
Neogeografía, Big Data y TIG: problemas y nuevas posibilidades
Authors: Bosque Sendra Joaquín
Published: January 2016

La Neogeografía y el BIG data están cambiando la manera de investigar en Geografía, el desarrollo de estos enfoques se basa mucho en la aparición de novedades tecnológicas, en particular de nuevas tecnologías de la información geográfica: GPS, SIG, etc.
El pseudorrelieve en los visores de mapas de los geoportales IDE de España
Authors: Bernabé Poveda Miguel Ángel , González Campos María Ester , Castejón Solanas Ángeles
Published: January 2016

Un buen número de los visualizadores de las Infraestructuras de Datos Espaciales (IDE) de las distintas Comunidades Autónomas de España, utilizan las ortoimágenes como capa base sobre la que referenciar características del territorio. Al margen de lo inadecuado de utilizar como «mapa base» una imagen aérea en lugar de un mapa general de síntesis, ocurre que estas imágenes del hemisferio norte, iluminadas por el sol desde el sur, facilitan la aparición de pseudorrelieve en un número considerable de usuarios. Esta inversión del relieve real conduce a que los valles se perciban como crestas montañosas y estas como cauces de ríos. En trabajos previos se evidenció la percepción de pseudorrelieve en más del 65% de la población al utilizar los globos virtuales tipo Google Maps. Muchos visualizadores de las IDE muestran a los usuarios la morfología del terreno a través de ortoimágenes. Con el fin de evidenciar el grado de aparición del pseudorrelieve en los visualizadores de las IDE de España, se diseñó un test basado en imágenes aéreas de las propias IDE. Los resultados previos permiten afirmar que más del 65% de los usuarios de las IDE de España no perciben adecuadamente el relieve proporcionado por las ortoimágenes utilizadas. Existen evidencias de que ese número de usuarios que perciben pseudorrelieve puede descender drásticamente a menos del 20% sin más que introducir una corrección en las ortoimágenes basada en la fusión de estas con su modelo digital de sombras. El procedimiento de fusionar con distinto grado de transparencia la capa de imagen aérea con la de su modelo de sombras (MDS) nos parece inocua pues las modificaciones introducidas en las ortoimágenes por la incorporación del MDS, no afectarán a los archivos originales sino simplemente a su visualización web. En este trabajo se muestran algunos ejemplos obtenidos de las IDE de España (IDEE) y los resultados previos del test realizado a la población.
Motion analysis systems as optimization training tools in combat sports and martial arts
Authors: Polak Ewa , Kulasa Jerzy , VencesBrito António , Castro Maria António , Fernandes Orlando
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Over the past years, a few review papers about possibilities of using motion analysis systems in sport were published, but there are no articles that discuss this problem in the field of combat sports and martial arts.

Aim: This study presents the diversity of contemporary motion analysis systems both, those that are used in scientific research, as well as those that can be applied in daily work of coaches and athletes in combat sports and martial arts. An additional aim is the indication of example applications in scientific research and range of applications in optimizing the training process.

It presents a brief description of each type of systems that are currently used in sport, specific examples of systems and the main advantages and disadvantages of using them. The presentation and discussion takes place in the following sections: motion analysis utility for combat sports and martial arts, systems using digital video and systems using markers, sensors or transmitters.

Conclusions: Not all types of motion analysis systems used in sport are suitable for combat sports and martial arts. Scientific studies conducted so far showed the usefulness of video-based, optical and electromechanical systems. The use of research results made with complex motion analysis systems, or made with simple systems, local application and immediate visualization is important for the preparation of training and its optimization. It may lead to technical and tactical improvement in athletes as well as the prevention of injuries in combat sports and martial arts.
The Role of Proximity and Standards in Guaranteeing Vegetable Safety in Vietnam1
Authors: Moustier Paule , Loc Nguyen Thi Tan
Published: January 2016

In Asia, the growth of purchasing power, especially in cities, come together with rising consumers' concerns for food safety. We investigate two mechanisms of food safety assurance, i.e., proximity (between farmers and consumers), and certification based on standards. The literature suggests the following hypotheses: (i) proximity in food chains comes together with low farmers' cost for quality assurance, but also limited scope of operation; and (ii) “abstract” expertise systems that form the basis of standardization imply high costs at the expense of inclusion of small‐scale farmers, but enable large scope of operation; the impact on consumers' trust is controversial. The paper is a preliminary attempt to test these hypotheses on the situation of vegetable safety assurance in Northern Vietnam. The authors' fieldwork brings to the fore a variety of standards and quality assurance systems: safe vegetable certification by the Plant Protection Department, based on—quite lax—public standards and control; it is in some cases supplemented by internal control systems; VietGap and AseanGaps based on good agricultural practices and HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point); and participatory guarantee systems (PGSs) for organic vegetables. The hypotheses are partly confirmed. One interesting outcome relates to the combination of systems based on relational proximity, expert systems, and labeling on the origin of vegetables as enhancing consumers' trust and farmers' commitments. The paper concludes with recommendations in terms of policy and research.
The Negative Side of the Agricultural‐Nutrition Impact Pathways: A Literature Review
Authors: Dury Sandrine , Alpha Arlène , Bichard Anne
Published: January 2016

Agricultural development interventions and policies have an impact on the nutrition of individuals through changes in food availability, in food diversity, in food prices, and changes in farmers' income. Less straightforward, they also entail many changes in health environment and in time availability for care activities. They finally have impacts on the balance of power both at the intra‐household, community, and global levels. The impact pathways are complex and interlinked, and many recent studies have primarily focused on their positive effects. However, some agricultural interventions might have a negative impact on nutrition in certain cases. This article sets out to identify them, through a review of the scientific and institutional literature, along with expert interviews. Six risk categories are proposed, relative to incomes, prices, types of products, women's social status and workload, the health environment, and inequalities. This review underlines the necessity to have an ex ante analysis of the nutrition impacts of any food or agricultural policy or intervention with “do not harm approach” regarding the nutrition outcomes. It gives clues to identify and mitigate the main negative outcome and advocate for more applied and well‐documented research on that topic.
RESUMO DAS TESES E DISSERTAÇÕES DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DO IGC/UFMG - 2005 e 2006
Authors: UFMG IGC -
Published: January 2016

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APLICAÇÃO DE GPR E CINTILOMETRIA PARA A CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE DESCONTINUIDADES ESTRUTURAIS E LITOLÓGICAS NA PORÇÃO LESTE DA SERRA DO CANTAGALO, SÃO TOMÉ DAS LETRAS (MG)
Authors: Cordeiro Juni Silveira , Ferreira Ana Flávia , Aranha Paulo Roberto Antunes , Costa Ricardo Diniz da , Silva Filho Jadir Alves da
Published: January 2016

A aplicação de métodos geofísicos na caracterização de descontinuidades estruturais e litológicas em subsuperfíciemostrou-se de grande importância no auxílio do mapeamento geológico em escala de semi-detalherealizado na porção sul da Quadrícula São Tomé das Letras – Minas Gerais. Foram utilizados, de maneirasimultânea, os métodos de Georadar e cintilometria que sobrepostos resultaram em 6 radargramas e 5 gráficosde cintilações por segundo (cps). Os perfis foram realizados a leste da Serra do Cantagalo, abrangendo aUnidade Córrego Caí, sendo que o primeiro perfil compreende o contato desta unidade com as seqüênciasA e B pertencentes à Unidade Serra do Cantagalo. Características marcantes nos radargramas obtidos são:(1) a presença de um padrão de reflexão contínuo, com inclinação para os quadrantes W, condizente comos planos de foliações encontrados em quartzitos, xistos e gnaisses da região e (2) um segundo padrãode reflexão, com inclinação maior do que a topografia do terreno e oblíquo aos refletores associados aosplanos de foliação, correlacionado à família de fraturas perpendiculares à direção das serras de São Tomée Cantagalo. As variações bruscas nos valores de cps nos gráficos de cintilometria corroboram os perfis deGeoradar, marcando, principalmente, possíveis contatos litológicos. Dificuldades quanto à aplicação dastécnicas geofísicas surgem, principalmente, quando da aplicação do Georadar em material com característicaselétricas condutoras e em locais com presença de ruídos eletromagnéticos.Palavras-chave: georadar, cintilometria, mapeamento geológico
A ARTE DE FABRICAR MOTINS: OS MARCOS REGULATÓRIOS DA MINERAÇÃO DIAMANTÍFERA EM PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA
Authors: Martins Marcos Lobato
Published: January 2016

O artigo, apoiado na historiografia existente e fontes locais (depoimentos de garimpeiros e jornais diamantinenses), discute as alterações do arcabouço legal que regia a mineração no Brasil, enfatizando a situação dos garimpeiros de diamantes na região do Alto Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais. São abordadas as relações entre garimpeiros, donos de terras, empresas mineradoras e governo, com o objetivo de mostrar as contradições entre eles e as dificuldades postas pela legislação para o desenvolvimento do garimpo.Palavras-chave: legislação minerária, garimpo, diamante, Minas Gerais. Abstract: This paper, supported in historical production and local sources (newspapers and prospectors testimonies), examines the changes of brazilian’s mining legislation, emphasizing the diamond prospectors situation in Upper Jequitinhonha region, Minas Gerais. It approaches the relations between prospectors, land proprietaries, mining enterprises and governments, with the intent to exhibit the contradictions between them and difficulties in the mining development caused by legislation.Key words: mining legislation, prospecting, diamond, Minas Gerais.
A ORIGEM DOS FILITOS HEMATÍTICOS DA SERRA DO ESPINHAÇO MERIDIONAL, MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Knauer Luiz Guilherme , Schrank Alfonso
Published: January 2016

This work present stratigraphic, mineralogical and geochemistry dates about  the “hematitic phyllites” of the Espinhaço Range, specially in its meridional portion. For these rocks, composed essencially by sericite/muscovite and hematite and very poor in quartz, many investigators have suggested an origin from a low grade metamorphism of some unique igneous rocks.Typical of the “Guinda Group”, basal portion of the Espinhaço Supergroup, with Paleo/Mesoproterozoic age (1.7 – 1.75 G.y.), the hematitic phyllites presents an interesting chemistry composition, characterized by 35,4% SiO2, 5,4% TiO2, 23,2% Al2O3; 25,3% FeO, 0,1% MnO, 1,5% MgO, 0,5% CaO, 0,3% Na2O; 7,9% K2O and 0,4% P2O5. These numbers shows, clearly, alteration processes.The evolutive aspects of the Espinhaço Supergroup put constraints that indicate one of the follow processes: modification from fluid percolation in shear zones or superficial alteration processes in atmosphere- lithosphere boundary. The present studies show that the last alternative (superficial processes) is more feasible to explain the characteristics of the hematitic phyllites.Thus, we believe that these rocks are paleoregolith/paleosols ( from Paleo/Mesoproterozoic) specially origined from the basalts of the “Espinhaço Basin” opening. Associated rocks with so much chloritoid (90.0%) are, probably, paleobauxities with variable iron content.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS TEORES DE ZINCO EM BRÂNQUIAS, CARCAÇA, FÍGADO E MUSCULATURA DE DIFERENTES ESPÉCIES DE PEIXES CAPTURADOS NO RIO SÃO FRANCISCO (MG, BRASIL)
Authors: Labarrère Carla Rosa , Menezes Bruna Dias , Melo Marília Martins
Published: January 2016

O zinco (Zn) é considerado indispensável para o funcionamento de muitas atividades celulares nos peixes. Entretanto, quando em excesso, pode tornar-se nocivo ao organismo. A bioacumulação de Zn nos peixes é uma ferramenta importante para avaliação da poluição ambiental. Diante deste contexto, objetivou-se dosar os teores de Zn nas brânquias, carcaça, fígado e musculatura de 68 peixes (totalizando 272 amostras) das espécies Hoplias sp., Hypostomus sp., Piaractus sp., Pimelodus sp. e Prochilodus sp., capturados em cinco distintos pontos do Rio São Francisco (Minas Gerais) no ano de 2008. A área de estudo compreendeu a região de Três Marias, desde o Reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica da CEMIG até a foz do rio Abaeté. Vinte e oito animais apresentaram concentrações de Zn acima do permitido pela legislação brasileira (50,00 mg/kg) em pelo menos uma de suas vísceras. Do total das 272 amostras avaliadas, 50 (18,38%) estavam inadequadas. As espécies Hoplias sp. e Hypostomus sp. apresentaram a maior bioacumulação de Zn no fígado e na carcaça. O valor médio de Zn na musculatura foi de 6,82 +- 3,00 mg/kg, ou seja, todas amostras de musculatura apresentaram baixos valores deste metal. Não houve diferença na concentração do Zn entre os cinco pontos estudados. Conclui-se que o tecido hepático da espécie de peixe Hoplias sp., é o melhor biomarcador da contaminação de Zn.Palavras-chave: Zinco, peixe, Rio São Francisco.ABSTRACT: ZINC EVALUATION IN GILLS, CARCASS, LIVER AND MUSCLE OF DIFFERENT FISH SPECIES CAUGHT IN SÃO FRANCISCO RIVER (MG, BRAZIL). The Zinc (Zn) is considered indispensable for the functioning of many cellular activities in fish. However, in high levels, zinc may become harmful. The bioaccumulation of Zn in fish is an important tool for assessing environmental pollution. In this context, the aim of the study was to dose the levels of Zn in gills, carcass, liver and muscle of 68 fish (total 272 samples) of: Hoplias sp., Hypostomus sp., Piaractus sp., Pimelodus sp. and Prochilodus sp., caught in five different parts of the São Francisco River (Minas Gerais) in 2008. The studied area covered the region of Três Marias, between CEMIG hydroelectric power plant reservoir and Abaeté River. Twenty-eight animals showed Zn concentrations above the limit level allowed by Brazilian legislation (50 mg/kg) in at least one of its tissues. Out of 272 samples tested, 50 (18.38%) were inadequate. The fish Hoplias sp. and Hypostomus sp. presented the highest bioaccumulation of Zn in liver and carcass. The mean value of Zn in the muscle was 6.82 +- 3.00 mg/kg, which means, all muscle samples showed low levels of this metal. There was no difference in Zn concentration among the five locations studied. It was concluded that the liver of the fish specie Hoplias sp. is the best biomarker of Zn contamination.Keywords: Zinc, fish, São Francisco River.
SUPERGRUPO ESPINHAÇO: MODELO DE EVOLUÇÃO GEODINÂMICA
Authors: Dussin Ivo Antônio , Dussin Tânia Mara
Published: January 2016

The São Francisco Craton in Eastern brazil, one of the major shield areas forming the South AmericanPlatform, had its present-day configuration defined by the remobilisation of its edges during the Brasilianoorogeny in the Neoproterozoic. This tectonic event produced deformation and closure of the Middle toNeoproterozoic basins represented in the neighbouring craton regions. In the south-east boundary area ofthe craton, the Espinhaço Supergroup, a thick metasedimentary sequence, represents one of these basins.This region has a long tectonic history. About 1.7 Ga, after the Paleoproterozoic period of deformationand igneous activity of the Transamazonian Orogeny, the crust was affected by an extensional eventwhich resulted in fragmentation and development of a rift basin where the Espinhaço Supergroup wasdeposited. About 900 Ma, a second extensional event represented by emplacement of mafic dikes in areasadjacent to the craton and formation of a new rift basin toward East is represented. The tectonic evolvedinto continental collision producing crustal shortening and thickening with westward tectonic transportonto the craton.
NOTA BREVE: CONSIDERAÇÕES PRELIMINARES SOBRE A EVOLUÇÃO CENOZÓICA DO CARSTE DE IRAQUARA, CHAPADA DIAMANTINA (BA)
Authors: Laureano Fernando V. , Cançado Fernando L. L. , Pimenta Vítor B.
Published: January 2016

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O CONGLOMERADO SAMBURÁ (GRUPO BAMBUÍ, NEOPROTEROZÓICO) E ROCHAS SEDIMENTARES ASSOCIADAS NO FLANCO LESTE DA SERRA DA PIMENTA, SW DE MINAS GERAIS: UM SISTEMA DE FAN DELTA.
Authors: Castro Paulo de Tarso Amorin , Dardenne Marcel Auguste
Published: January 2016

In the southwest part of São Francisco Craton occur neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Bambuí Group.  Among these rocks the Samburá Conglomerate outcrops nearby the external (eastern) region of the southernmost part of Brasilia Thrust Belt.  Sedimentological studies carried on these rocks at Serra da Pimenta region reveals that they belong to a fan delta system developed at the toes of thrust fault escarpments of Brasilia Thrust Belt. Petrographic analysis of clasts of Samburá Conglomerate pointed to Canastra Group and Pium-í greenstone belt rocks of Serra da Pimenta mountains as source rocks. The fan delta deposits are rested above shallow marine carbonate rocks of the base of Bambuí Group.
ESTRATIGRAFIA DO SUPERGRUPO ESPINHAÇO NA REGIÃO DE PLANALTO DE MINAS, DIAMANTINA – MG.
Authors: Chula Ana Maria Dias , Knauer Luiz Guilherme , Almeida-Abreu Pedro Angelo
Published: January 2016

In the region of Desembargador Otoni – Planalto de Minas (Northeastern Minas Gerais State, Brazil) two stratigraphics units of Precambrian age were recognized: the Espinhaço Supergroup and the Macaúbas Group. The metapelites of the Macaúbas Group (rhythmites with associated diamictites) represent varvites wuth dropstones which cover with a pronounced angular and erosional unconformity units of the Espinhaço Supergroup. This supergroup is divided in lithostratigraphic units. The Planalto de Minas Formation (at the base) is composed by a thick sequence of greenschists (originates from metabasalts) with variable composition and textures, locally with intercalations of thin quartzites and phyllites. The Tapera and Serra do Atalho formations are built up by laminated, micaceous meta-arenites and pure or micaceous meta-arenites, normally with cross bending. Respectively. Intercalations of phyllites and greenschists occur in both units, in addition the Serra do Atalho Formation contains also hematitic phyllite and a thin intercalation of metarhyolite. This volcanic, volcanoclastic, and clastics units were deposited in a basin related to the initial phase (at about 1750 Ma) of crustal extension of the Espinhaço Rift.
LATOSSOLOS DO BRASIL: UMA REVISÃO
Authors: Ker João Carlos
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a review on Latosols (oxisols) genesis, classification and use in tropical Brazil.Chemical, physical and mineralogical aspects are throughly discussed, as well as their relationship withsoil use and management. Some problems of definition are considered for all types of Latosols recognizedin the Brazilian System of Soil Classification. The role of clay minerals such as kaolinite, gibbsite and ironoxides (namely hematite, goethite, magnetite and maghemite) is discussed against the background of soilclassification and soil fertility aspects. The ammount of trace-elements and the relationship between theseelements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Co) and latosols genesis and classification is shown, illustrating the trend of highervalues for those soils developed from mafic rocks and alike. The geographic distribution of latosols classesin Brazil (namely Ferriferous, Dusky-Red, Dark-Red, Red-Yellow, Yellow, Brown, Humic, Una variationand Pallid) is given. Finnaly, a general view on phosphorous adsorption for the various types of latosols ispresented, illustrating the importance of the clay mineralogy as a primary factor of controlling P availabilityin these soils.
GÊNESE E MICROPEDOLOGIA DE SOLOS DO MÉDIO JEQUITINHONHA, DE TURMALINA A PEDRA AZUL, MG
Authors: Campos Jackson C. F. , Schaefer Carlos Ernesto G. R. , Ker João Carlos , Saadi Allaoua , Albuquerque Filho Manoel Ricardo de
Published: January 2016

The pedogenesis and micropedology of seven selected soils from the mid-Jequitinhonha Valley werecharacterized, aiming to identify properties associated with the distribution of soils in the landscape. Podzolswere found on the top of the upper planation surface, closely associated with quartzite and its weatheringproducts. In the bottom of the tectonic depression which forms the mid-valley, soils with low cation exchangecapacity (CEC), low clay activity and presence of stony pavement are found, suggesting a change frompast, humid climate to present-day semi-arid climate. Kaolinitic soils with low Fe-oxides content undersuch regime are thought to represent relicts of former humid climates, being correlatable to the typicalYellow Latosols from the coastal tablelands (tabuleiros). In the ill-drained Quaternary plains, soils withhigher sodium contents are found, indicating the imperfect leaching under the present climatic condition.On the top of the regional, late Tertiary surface, deep Latosols occur, associated with saprolites of variouslithologies and Tertiary sediments derived from the erosion of these paleoweathering profiles. In all soils,some micropedological features confirm the polygenetic nature of the soils and landscape of the mid-Jequitinhonha, where either morphogenesis or pedogenesis have dominated, depending on climate,lithological control and tectonic activity .
ANÁLISE PRELIMINAR DA SUCESSÃO DE TIPOS DE TEMPO NO NORTE DE MINAS GERAIS E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM OS SISTEMAS ATMOSFÉRICOS ATUANTES : PERÍODOS CHUVOSOS DE 1978/79 E 1984/85
Authors: Gontijo Bernardo Machado , Assis Wellington Lopes
Published: January 2016

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METODOLOGIA PARA ZONEAMENTOS GEO-ECOLÓGICOS INTERDISCIPLINARES DE BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS E ECOSSISTEMAS
Authors: Martins Jr. Paulo Pereira
Published: January 2016

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EVOLUÇÃO MAGMÁTICA DOS GRANITÓIDES PROTEROZÓICOS DO SETOR SETENTRIONAL DA PROVÍNCIA ESTRUTURAL MANTIQUEIRA, MINAS GERAIS, ESPIRÍTO SANTO, BRASIL.
Authors: Bilal Essaïd , Horn Adolf Heinrich , Nalini Jr. Hermínio Arias , Correia-Neves José Marques , Mello Fernando Machado de
Published: January 2016

Neoproterozoic granitoid suites in southeastern Brazil are closely related to the different tectonic phaseswithin the Brasiliano tectonic-thermal Event. Petrography, geochemistry and structural features allow toseparate these rocks into pre-, syn-, late and post-tectonic granitoids.The whole emplacement process lasted about 100 Ma: from 595 Ma for the pre-tectonic granitoids, to near490 Ma for the post-tectonic ones. During this interval a 45 Ma magmatic quiet period (from 582 to 537Ma) can also be characterized.Detailed field observations and mapping, coupled with petrological and geochemical and observations,indicate the important role of the Archean and Paleoproterozoic crust in the genesis of these granitoids,showing even evidences of important mantle interactions.Keywords: Mantiqueira Structural Province; Pre-tectonic Granitoids; Syn-tectonic Granitoids; Post-tectonicGranitoids; Geochemical signatures; Magmatic and Tectonic Relationship; Minas Gerais-Brazil.
Per un nuovo approccio della critica leviana. Viaggi alle radici dell’opera leviana
Authors: Vandewaetere Sara
Published: January 2016

Recensione di: Raniero Speelman, Elisabetta Tonello & Silvia Gaiga (a cura di), Ricercare le radici. Primo Levi lettore-Lettori di Primo Levi, Utrecht, Igitur Publishing, 2014, 282 p., ISBN: 9789067010382, pubblicazione OA
Representations of Religion on the British Feminist Webzine The F Word
Authors: Aune Kristin
Published: January 2016

In 21st century Europe, where religion is a more visible focus in local, national and global politics, how do feminist organisations and groups approach religion? This article explores this through analysis of representations of religion on a prominent British feminist webzine, The F Word. In academic literature and public debates, two dominant viewpoints are articulated in debates on women’s rights, religion and secularism: feminist secularism and religious inclusion. In the context of these debates, the study asks how The F Word writers approach religion, and whether and how their representations of religion reflect these academic and public debates. The analysis identifies four dominant approaches to religion, and two underlying themes, and sets these approaches in their wider social context.
Beyond specialization: Generalization and harmony as academic ideals in the Netherlands around 1900
Authors: De Visser Arjan , Ziche Paul
Published: January 2016

A standard account of how the sciences developed around 1900 tends to identify specialization and an increasingly strong pragmatic orientation as the driving forces shaping the sciences in this period. We want to oppose this account: Focussing on a number of inaugural lectures delivered at Dutch universities around 1900, we emphasize the prominence of integrative ideals, and the equally notable absence of references to specialization. The notion of unity upon which these ideals are based is extremely rich: the unity of a person, unity of education and research and unity within the system of the sciences all are aimed at simultaneously. Remarkably, this attitude is not a reactionary one, but is intimately related precisely to the emergence of new disciplines.The main goal of this paper is to establish the presence and the relevance, across the disciplines, of these integrative ideals. This leads to a number of important questions that need to be asked with respect to the dynamics of science in this period: how can the relevant notions of unity and harmony be conceptualized? and – a question not to be pursued here – how, then, did the ideal of specialization become as dominant as it appears to be today?
WJER Referees Index
Authors: Referee WJER
Published: January 2016

Referees Index

The academicians listed below have acted as referees since December 2015 for manuscripts in which the review process of which have been completed, as well as for those paper submissions which have been cancelled by the authors for some reason and for those that have been rejected. The editorial board members are grateful to all referees who have contributed to WJER.

M. Necdet Alpaslan

Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey

Mehmet Karamanoglu

Middlesex University, UK

Murat Sonmez

Middle East Technical University Northern Cyprus

Nazim Kasot

Near East University, Cyprus

Nehir Varol

Ankara University, Turkey

Serap Ozbas

Near East University, Cyprus

Henny van Lanen

Wageningen University, Netherlands

İlkay Salihoğlu

University of Kyrenia, North Cyprus

Jesus Garcia Lobardo

Universidad de Alcala, Spain
Proposition of technique modification of liver harvesting in orthotopic transplantation in pigs
Authors: Brito Marcus Vinicius Henriques , Teixeira Renan Kleber Costa , Houat Abdallah De Paula , Cunha Luane Cristine B
Published: January 2016

Introduction: taking into consideration the technical complexity involved in liver transplantation, the anesthetic-surgical team training, through experimental surgery on animals, has been considered a fundamental step before clinical application. Objective: to describe the technique modification of liver harvesting in orthotopic transplantation in pigs. Methods: seven sows Sus escrofa were used. The animals were previously anesthetized and placed in trans-operative monitoring; followed by the harvest of the organ by means of a different sequence than the reported by the literature, in which the liver vessels are handled in a clockwise direction. Results: the average time of hepatic harvesting was 84.4 minutes and the time of each anatomical structure dissection was considered satisfactory. Conclusion: the technique of liver harvesting in orthotopic transplantation in pigs described is viable, effective and reproducible, enabling the training of professionals and academics.
Spiraled Boreholes: An Expression of 3D Directional Instability of Drilling Systems
Authors: Marck Julien , Detournay Emmanuel
Published: January 2016

Borehole spiraling is predicted by analyzing the delay differential equations (DDEs) governing the propagation of a borehole. These evolution equations, expressed in terms of the borehole inclination and azimuth, are obtained from considerations involving a bit/rock-interaction law that relates the force and moment acting on the bit to its penetration into the rock; kinematic relationships that describe the local borehole geometry in relation to the bit penetration; and a beam model for the bottomhole assembly (BHA) that expresses the force and moment at the bit as functions of the external loads applied on the BHA and the geometrical constraints arising from the stabilizers conforming to the borehole geometry.

The analytical nature of the propagation equations makes it possible to conduct a systematic stability analysis in terms of a key dimensionless group that controls the directional stability of the drilling system. This group depends on the downhole weight on bit (WOB), on properties of the BHA, on the bit bluntness, and on parameters characterizing the steering response of the bit. The directional stability of a particular system then is assessed by comparing the magnitude of this group with a critical value, representing a bifurcation of stability, which depends only on the BHA configuration and on the bit walk. If this group is less than the critical value, the system is deemed to be directionally unstable, and borehole spiraling is likely. Stability curves for an idealized BHA with two stabilizers show that the bit walk tends to make drilling systems more prone to spiraling. Applications to field cases are discussed. Simulations conducted by integrating the equations of borehole propagation also are presented. They illustrate that, for unstable systems, the model predicts spiraled boreholes with a pitch comparable with what generally is observed in the field.
Optimization of Well Completion Method and Casing Design Parameters to Delay Casing Impairment Caused by Formation Slippage
Authors: Hu Chaoyang , Ai Chi , Tao Feiyu , Wang Fengjiao , Yan Maosen
Published: January 2016

There are often plenty of horizontal planes of weakness in reservoir formations, especially in shale formations, as reported for a number of oilfields. Once the weak-plane fails, the formation will become unstable, and can easily undertake slippage across a large area along its interface. The number of casing failure caused by slippage of weak-plane has been increasing significantly in recent years. Wells with casing failure are concentrated in an increasing number of areas. However, there has been lack of research efforts on how to optimize cementing and completing parameters in order to prevent casing failure induced by formation slippage. To address the problem, a more advantage completing type has been elected by qualitative analysis. The calculation model of critical slip displacement in un-cemented conditions was established. A finite model was used to test and verify the analysis and the model. The critical slip displacement of casing shear damage was also calculated. In this study, a new cementing practice was then proposed by optimizing casing parameters according to API standards, and a new research method was also put forward by proposing new casing materials to effectively mitigate casing failure caused by formation slippage for the future. Modeling results indicate casing failure induced by formation slip is different from conventional casing damage. The slip displacement needs to be used to measure casing impairment inside of maximum stress. Casing elongation is the key parameter for controlling casing shear failure. The type that keep the weak-plane un-cemented exhibits a larger critical slippage displacement .So the casing with lower grade and smaller thickness is recommended in weak-plane if the casing could meet all other down-hole requirements. The new concept is very different from the common belief that the good quality cement and higher grade and thicker casing are safer. If the elongation of casing can be improved by 60%, the critical casing failure slippage displacement can be increased by 21.40%. In this study, a new casing design and well completion method to prevent casing failure caused by formation slippage was proposed, and some guidance was provided for manufacturing casing with new material that can effectively mitigate or delay casing damage.
Coiled Tubing Conveyed Expandable HP Patch - A Cost Effective Solution to Wellbore Integrity Problems
Authors: Teasdale Paul , Keddie Richard , Fritsch Jerry
Published: January 2016

With the current low oil prices, Operators are under increasing financial pressure to look at new ways to safely maximize the value of their assets whilst operating within the constraints of the regulatory guidelines. Many operators have placed a greater emphasis on restoring existing wellbore integrity to develop their assets more efficiently instead of performing an expensive side-track or drilling costly new replacement wells.

This paper will review the challenges faced by a major American Operator while drilling an unconventional well in the Marcellus Shale Basin where casing integrity issues arose.

Solid expandable tubular technology has provided operators with a cost effective solution to remediate wellbores for a number of years. Since 2009 the High Performance (HP) solid expandable patch has been installed in over 170 wells, addressing completion / production issues, however, these systems had always been run on jointed pipe.

The recent (2015) deployment of an HP expandable patch on coiled tubing for the operator provided a technical and more economically attractive solution over alternative options. The planning, procedures and execution of this first ground breaking installation will be discussed in this paper.

The operator required a solution to seal off squeeze perforations which would have to withstand high pressure fracturing operations. The area regulatory agency had suspended their operations, not allowing completion of the well due to a poor cement bond behind the production casing. This required remediation using a perforation and squeeze operation. The cement squeeze alone would not hold up to the high pressures required to fracture the well. An HP patch provided the optimum solution that would meet the requirements to complete the well. Side-tracking or drilling a costly replacement well, did not provide an economic option.

A coiled tubing unit was used to perform the required cement squeeze. Since the HP patch could be run on coiled-tubing, it eliminated the need to mobilize additional equipment saving the operator time and money. After squeezing cement, the 4-1/4in HP patch was successfully installed into the 5-1/2in casing covering the squeeze perforations and then tested to 9,900 psi, - more than enough to withstand the planned fracturing pressures.

Careful planning and operational support gave the client the confidence to install the expandable HP patch on coiled tubing to fully restore their well integrity. Over the last few years the HP patch has been developed to be deployed by various methods, thus providing significant opportunity for operators to revitalize their wellbore with a more effective and economical outcome.
Delivering Selective Interval Control: Electro-Hydraulic Intelligent Completion Enhances Reservoir Management for Multilateral Well
Authors: Garcia Elias , Mathew Manesh
Published: January 2016

Multilateral wells can be challenging to produce in heterogeneous reservoirs, and water coning in laterals can potentially kill wells without lateral control. An operator in the Middle East wanted to increase, and subsequently control, the number of laterals for its wells. This paper describes the trial test of a new multizone, downhole, electro-hydraulic intelligent completion system. The candidate well required six laterals to be isolated, monitored, and controlled from the main bore.

After the system has been installed successfully, the electro-hydraulic downhole control module actuation process first begins by supplying pressure to the desired hydraulic line. The pressure remains behind a pressure-blocking barrier within the module and is only released by enabling the electronics inside the desired module. This, in turn, releases the pressure to the interval control valve (ICV) open and close ports at the desired zone. One of the unique features of this system is that it uses simple, passive electrical components to selectively address each ICV. The reduced number of electronic components increases reliability by minimizing potential failure points.

Because the system is also used in conjunction with other intelligent completion technologies, such as ICVs, the crew and rig personnel found the first installation, including making connections during run in hole (RIH) operations, to be very similar to other applications. In addition, the system architecture is simple and reliable, which reduces the learning curve for field personnel and ultimately ensures that the operator will begin to benefit from the system's functionality as soon as possible. Actuation times for valve steps ranged from 20 to 25 seconds, emphasizing enhanced system response, as compared to conventional intelligent completions.

The deployment of the electro-hydraulic downhole control module greatly enhanced the ICV performance by enabling the system to remain pressurized when the operation of any of the ICVs was required, enabling the operator to remotely control six ICVs at depths of up to approximately 7,500 ft with two hydraulic lines and one electric line. Ultimately, production control by means of this electro-hydraulic downhole control module combined with ICVs will enable the operator to quickly respond to drawdown and water ingress, thereby maximizing productivity and improving well performance.

This paper presents novel information based on the pairing of an electro-hydraulic downhole control module with ICVs. Comparable control systems are typically paired with inflow control devices (ICDs) or valves that have flow rates similar to ICDs. In contrast, this electro-hydraulic downhole control system is capable of providing a maximum flowing differential of 5,000 psi in production mode as a result of the use of reliable interval control valves.
Plasma-Based Milling Tool for Light Well Intervention
Authors: Gajdos Matus , Mostenicky Ivan , Kocis Igor , Kristofic Tomas , Plichta Michal , el Bannan Gamal , Taha Islam
Published: January 2016

The paper is focused on emerging plasma-based milling technology enabling wider use of Light Intervention while restoring Well Integrity. The tool should be able to RIH through tubing minimizing footprint of the equipment using coiled tubing system. The presented milling technology uses electrical plasma for material disintegration. A significant advantage is based on the size of disintegrated material when compared to conventional milling producing massive swarf / debris. Analysis of cuttings produced during casing / tubing milling with plasma-based tool shows that their size distribution is based on the major fraction in the range of 1-5 mm. This feature reduces possibilities of intervention failures related to swarf / debris in the well in order to maintain Well Integrity.

The technology is currently under development with expected field testing in 2016. Currently, the technology´s application is focused on Plug & Abandonment (P&A) service while being developed within Joint Industry Project (JIP) with O&G operators and oilfield service provider. Parallel to JIP, the team is capable to customize the technology and the tool itself for applications like slot recovery, side-tracking and pipe recovery. The unique features of the plasma-based technology can be beneficial for several Well Intervention applications in the Middle East region.
Innovative Rolling Cutter Technology Significantly Improved Footage and ROP in Lateral and Vertical Gas Applications in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Platt James , Valliyappan Somasundaram , Karuppiah Venkatesh
Published: January 2016

Saudi Aramco is developing gas fields in various areas utilizing vertical and horizontal wells with rotary as well as motor BHAs. This application requires Saudi Aramco to drill laterals through an extremely tight sandstone formation with inclination varying anywhere from 72° to 90°. The highly abrasive formation is causing inconsistent PDC bit performance while drilling the 5 7/8-in. horizontal section resulting in exceeding the authorization for expenditure (AFE) of the wells. Saudi Aramco, in collaboration with the bit company, analyzed the field data, which showed extensive cutter damage, with abrasive wear being the most common dull characteristic. The cutter wear was causing short runs and frequent trips to change out the bit. A step change in bit design was required to extend bit life and increase rate of penetration (ROP) in areas where poor drilling performance is expected.

The fixed PDC design creates an inherent limitation because only a small portion of the cutter contacts the formation, and drilling efficiency declines as the cutter wears. The resulting wear flat generates a high degree of frictional heat, which can break the diamond-to-diamond bonds in the cutter diamond table and lead to accelerated cutter degradation. An R&D initiative was launched to investigate different methods to enable a PDC shearing element to fully rotate while drilling to increase overall cutting efficiency and bit life. Several different retention methods were investigated, and a specialized fixed housing that is brazed into the bit blade was developed. The rolling cutter assembly has essentially the same outside diameter (OD) as a standard PDC cutter, which helps maintain design flexibility and cutter placement options.

The newly designed 5 7/8-in. PDC was manufactured with strategically positioned rolling cutters and was run in a gas well. The objective was to achieve an average ROP of 4.7 ft/hr and drill a minimum of 240 ft of lateral hole section to achieve proposed 5% reduction in cost-per-foot. The bit achieved a record ROP of 14.85 ft/hr while drilling 527 ft of the abrasive sandstone formation.

After achieving positive results from tests in lateral sections, the new bit design was also tested in a two vertical sections through the same tight sandstone formation on rotary assemblies. In these applications, the new bit design performed better than those in offset wells, with one of the two drilling from shoe to shoe for the first time in that field.

This paper will discuss the application and evolution of rolling cutter bits, along with the results achieved by bits fitted with these cutters in Saudi Arabia.
Successful Logging on Tractor in a High-Temperature Openhole Horizontal Well in a Tight Gas Field in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Briner Andreas , Nadezhdin Sergey , Tessari Sergio , Smit Jeroen , Busaidi Yazeed , Abri Mohammed , Mitri Joelle , Shalaby Ehab
Published: January 2016

This case study describes the deployment of logging tools on tractor in challenging wellbore conditions in a tight gas field in the Sultanate of Oman. Challenging conditions are defined by a high static temperature of 175°C; high static reservoir pressure of 72 MPa; a long, 5700-m wellbore; openhole configuration; and horizontal well profile. One of the conventional ways of deploying the caliper measurement in horizontal wells is through drillpipe conveyance. Deployment through coiled tubing conveyance is another option; however, this was not available owing to extensive logistical requirements and the operation's complexity. A newly developed openhole tractor designed for the well's extreme conditions was used to efficiently convey the logging tools. Features that enabled successful tool conveyance included the highest tractor force available in the industry, 6-drive tandem wheels, real-time adjustment of the radial force to the tractor arms, and active traction control for improved maneuverability. Calipers were successfully conveyed with the wireline tractor in the 800-m horizontal section of the 5000-m-deep well. The logging job took only 12 hours versus the traditional 60 hours required to convey the same tools on drillpipe. In addition, the tractor conveyance minimized the risks associated with operating at high temperature because it significantly reduced the time of exposure of tools to extreme high temperatures approaching their maximum temperature ratings, hence ensuring top performance and reliability. The fivefold time reduction also helped with the well economics and minimized the overall operational risks associated with the logging operation. The recorded caliper data enabled proper evaluation of the hole conditions for selecting the best location for setting the swellable packers.