bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic inflammatory response syndrome: a review of the evidence of clinical efficacy of treatment
Authors: Dooley Ming , Vukelic April , Jim Lysander
Published: November 2024

Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (CIRS) is an acquired medical condition characterized by innate immune dysregulation following respiratory exposure to water-damaged buildings (WDB). This chronic syndrome involves a range of symptoms that simultaneously affecting multiple organ systems. The purpose of this literature review was to search the published literature for successful treatments for chronic inflammatory response syndrome, an under-recognized, underdiagnosed, multisymptom multisystem illness that can affect up to 25% of the population, thus representing a silent epidemic. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), a common misdiagnosis for CIRS, is an entity that has broader awareness within the medical community despite the absence of a defined etiology, biomarkers or a treatment protocol that reverses the underlying conditions. Therefore, the search also included treatments for ME/CFS and sick building syndrome (SBS). Thirteen articles referenced treatment for CIRS, and 22 articles referenced treatment for CFS. The only treatment with documented clinical efficacy was the Shoemaker Protocol, which was described in 11 of the 13 articles. This treatment protocol exhibits superior outcomes compared with the treatment protocols for ME/CFS.
Gonorrhea and Early Syphilis Treatment Practices Among Community Health Care Providers in Baltimore City, Maryland
Authors: Padiernos Renee , Thornton Nicole , Muvva Ravikiran , Marcell Arik V. , Jennings Jacky M. , Schumacher Christina M.
Published: November 2024

Background

Ensuring patients receive appropriate (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–recommended) and prompt (≤14 days of specimen collection) treatment is critical to decrease gonorrhea and early syphilis (ES) incidence. The objectives were to (1) quantify treatment performance among community health care providers (CHPs), (2) compare CHP treatment performance to local health department goals, and (3) describe variation in treatment performance by CHP characteristics in Baltimore City, Maryland.

Methods

Surveillance data for gonorrhea and ES diagnoses reported between January 2018 and December 2019 were used. Treatment performance measures were calculated for each CHP (gonorrhea: 171 CHPs; ES: 122 CHPs). Measures were (1) percent treated among all diagnoses (goal: ≥90%), (2) percent appropriately treated among diagnoses treated (goal: ≥90% gonorrhea, ≥95% ES), and (3) percent promptly treated among diagnoses appropriately treated (goal: ≥85%). Treatment performance measures and achievement of goals were compared across CHP characteristics.

Results

For gonorrhea, median percent treated, appropriately treated, and promptly treated were 71.4%, 95.0%, and 100.0%, respectively; 29.8% met treated goals. The majority achieved appropriately treated (62.9%) and promptly treated (76.8%) goals. Community health care practices reporting high (vs. low) volume of gonorrhea diagnoses less frequently achieved percent-treated goals (12.2% vs. 35.4%, P = 0.008). Median value for all ES treatment performance measures was 100.0%. Most achieved treated (90.2%) and appropriately treated (95.9%) goals. Less than half (49.2%) achieved the promptly treated goal. Community health care practices reporting high (vs. low) volumes of ES less frequently achieved promptly treated goals (33.3% vs. 54.4%, P = 0.045).

Conclusions

Substantial gaps in reporting gonorrhea treatment and prompt ES treatment were observed. Practice-level interventions to facilitate reporting gonorrhea treatment and provide prompt ES treatment are needed.
Simulation-Based Training in Clinical Event Debriefing Improves Leadership Performance
Authors: Baker Arianne “Cuff” L. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Mullan Paul C. , Nagler Joshua , Dorney Kate
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Clinical event debriefing (CED) improves healthcare team performance and patient outcomes. Most pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians do not receive formal training in leading CED. Our objectives were to develop a CED curriculum and evaluate its effect on performance, knowledge, comfort, and clinical practice.

Methods

This was a single group pre-post-retention study. We developed a hybrid curriculum with simulation, an interactive module, and individual feedback. We invited faculty and fellows from the PEM division of our hospital to participate. During an in-person training day, participants led standardized clinical simulation scenarios followed by simulated CED with immediate feedback on their leadership performance. They watched an interactive module between scenarios. Participants returned for a retention assessment 2–6 months later with a third simulation and debrief. Participants completed surveys measuring attitudes, experiences, and knowledge. Participants also evaluated the curriculum.

The primary outcome was CED leadership performance using a novel 21-item tool that we developed, the Debrief Leadership Tool for Assessment (DELTA). A blinded, trained rater measured performance with DELTA. Secondary outcomes included changes in knowledge and comfort and changes in clinical practice.

Results

Twenty-seven participants enrolled and completed all parts of the curriculum and assessments. Debrief leadership performance improved by a mean of 3.7 points on DELTA pre-training to post-training (95% confidence interval = 2.7, 4.6, P < 0.01) and by 1.4 points from pre-training to retention (95% confidence interval = 0.1, 2.8, P = 0.03). Knowledge and comfort also significantly improved from pre-training to post-training and were sustained at retention. Most (67%) participants changed their clinical practice of CED after completing the curriculum. All participants would recommend the training to other PEM physicians.

Conclusions

A hybrid simulation-based curriculum in leading CED for PEM physicians was associated with improvement in CED leadership performance, knowledge, and comfort. PEM physicians incorporated training into their clinical practice.
Epineural Scarring Visualization and Noninvasive Quantification of a Severe Posttraumatic Complication
Authors: Brunnée Merle , Aman Martin , Mayrhofer-Schmid Maximilian , Fischer Manuel , Daeschler Simeon C. , Klemm Tess , Kneser Ulrich , Karimian-Jazi Kianush , Breckwoldt Michael O. , Harhaus Leila , Heiland Sabine , Bendszus Martin , Boecker Arne H. , Schwarz Daniel
Published: November 2024

Aim

Peripheral nerve scarring is a severe yet common complication following nerve injury or surgery that can lead to impaired nerve function, including chronic pain and sensory or motor deficits. In this study, we aimed to establish high-resolution magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) to accurately visualize and monitor de novo–formed epineural fibrotic adhesions (EFAs) of the sciatic nerve in a rat nerve injury model.

Methods

Employing an established model to induce overshooting EFA, the study included 3 experimental groups of animals (n = 6 each): a positive control group (PC), an intervention group (IG), and a sham group. All groups underwent surgical nerve exposure: both PC and IG received an application of 10 μL 2.5% glutaraldehyde to induce EFA, but only IG received an additional preventive wrapping of the nerve with a collagen-containing matrix. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed 6, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively using a standardized protocol including T2w and T1w without and with contrast media. Motor function and nerve regeneration was assessed using the visual static sciatic index. Histological specimens were obtained 12 weeks postoperatively and correlated with imaging.

Results

On high-resolution MRN, prominently contrast-enhancing epineural sleeves were present in vivo, which corresponded to histologically confirmed EFA (ratio of EFA to nerve area MRN 1.512 ± 0.106 vs histological ratio 1.459 ± 0.208, nonsignificant). As expected, average EFA in IG (0.310 ± 0.118 mm2) was smaller than in PC (0.909 ± 0.212 mm2, P < 0.01). Also, the average EFA in sham (0.386 ± 0.030 mm2) was less pronounced than in PC (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the average EFA between IG und sham. The EFA correlated with the functional outcome, which was measured by visual static sciatic index (correlation coefficient −0.59, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The results of the present study for the first time confirm the clinical observation that epineural thickening on contrast-enhanced T1w imaging following manipulation to a nerve indeed corresponds to overshooting epineural scarring, which may be linked to impaired nerve function. This can be followed noninvasively in vivo over time providing an important basis for clinical decision-making in cases where further invasive therapies may be necessary.
Photon-Counting CT Iodine Maps for Diagnosing Chronic Pulmonary Thromboembolism
Authors: Kerber Bjarne , Flohr Thomas , Ulrich Silvia , Lichtblau Mona , Frauenfelder Thomas , Franckenberg Sabine
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of chronic pulmonary thromboembolism assessment using photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) iodine maps of the lung parenchyma.

Materials and Methods

This institutional review board–approved retrospective study included 83 subjects (49.4% male, aged 62.4 ± 13.4 years; 50.6% female, aged 59.9 ± 17.1 years) who underwent clinically indicated PCD-CT scan to rule out chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Two blinded readers used iodine maps and corresponding sharp-kernel CT reconstructions in the lung window to evaluate perfusion defects and identify patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism (CTEPH, CTEPH overlap with other causes of pulmonary hypertension [PH], chronic thromboembolic disease [CTED]). No other clinical or imaging information was given. Discordance was resolved in a subsequent consensus read. The clinical diagnosis was reviewed in an interdisciplinary clinical setting. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of radiologic evaluation and clinical diagnosis were calculated.

Results

Of the 83 subjects included, 32 were diagnosed with CTEPH, CTEPH overlap, or CTED, 35 were diagnosed with PH caused by other pathologic mechanisms, 10 had no PH, and 6 had suffered previous acute pulmonary embolism, which resolved. The interreader agreement was good (Cohen κ = 0.74). The consensus reached high accuracy (0.88), sensitivity (0.94), and specificity (0.84), as well as good agreement with interdisciplinary clinical diagnosis (Cohen κ = 0.75). No cases with confirmed CTEPH as the primary cause of PH or CTED were missed. Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension were most frequently rated false-positive. The mean effective dose (±standard deviation) was 1.3 (±0.76) mSv.

Conclusions

Accurate, sensitive, and specific diagnosis of pulmonary chronic thromboembolism at low radiation dose is possible using iodine maps reconstructed from PCD-CT scans.
Cranioplasty With Hydroxyapatite Implants: A Multidisciplinary Approach of Neurosurgeon and Plastic Surgeons to Improve Surgical Technique and Clinical Outcome
Authors: Carbonaro Riccardo , Ghiringhelli Gaia , Amendola Francesco , Vaienti Luca , Maduri Rodolfo , Zingaretti Nicola , Zanotti Bruno
Published: November 2024

Cranioplasty using Hydroxyapatite prosthesis is a conceptually simple procedure, but it may harbor several challenges for the surgeons. Several papers in the literature deal with cranioplasty using porous hydroxyapatite. The results are not homogeneous both because of the variability of the patients treated but also because Hydroxyapatite requires a more careful surgical technique to achieve maximum performance. The aim of the present study is to offer an insight of a single institution, multidisciplinary experience with custom-made Hydroxyapatite cranioplasty with surgical tips and tricks based on personal opinion and literature evidence. We will provide an overview of all the fundamental steps we believe to be useful to optimize surgical outcomes, including preoperative planning of cranioplasty; as cranioplasty flap/soft tissue coverage planning, infectious prophylaxis, patient positioning, incisional patterns, tissue dissection, primary bone demolition, and preparation of the craniectomy margins before implant positioning. The authors will also discuss methods for dural suspension, implant fixation and anchorage, margins polishing, drainage, suturing, and dressing. Cranioplasty using hydroxyapatite prosthesis is a valuable alternative for skull reconstruction with heterologous implants, and in our opinion a multidisciplinary approach integrating plastic surgeons and neurosurgeons' specific skills can facilitate surgical planning, reducing complications and allowing to achieve better functional and aesthetic results.
Comparative Analysis of Patient-reported Outcomes After Cranial Vault Remodeling and Strip Craniectomy With the FACE-Q Craniofacial Module
Authors: Bello Margaret A. , Mercho Patrick F. , Gupta Salil , Shirrell Mariah , Tran Khoa D. , Cordes Emma J. , Tholpady Sunil , Ackerman Laurie L. , Makar Katelyn G.
Published: November 2024

Background:

The debate continues among craniofacial surgeons regarding the effectiveness of strip craniectomy (SC) compared with cranial vault remodeling (CVR) in achieving optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes in patients with single-suture craniosynostosis. This study aimed to compare long-term patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between SC and CVR procedures at a single institution using the validated FACE-Q Craniofacial module.

Methods:

Patients older than or equal to 8 years of age and parents of patients younger than 8 years of age who underwent SC or CVR for single-suture craniosynostosis were eligible. Patients with <2 years of follow-up, lambdoid synostosis, and syndromes were excluded. Primary endpoints were PROs as measured by the FACE-Q, with higher scores indicating increased health-related quality of life. Linear regression was used to control for covariates.

Results:

Sixty-two participants completed the module (response rate 33.3%). SC was performed in 29 patients (46.8%), and CVR in 33 patients (53.2%). On unadjusted bivariate analysis, SC patients had higher eye (P=0.03) and forehead (P=0.05) scores. On regression analysis, controlling for sex, race, craniosynostosis type, and follow-up, there were no significant differences between operation types in any domain. Metopic and sagittal synostosis were associated with higher Eye (metopic: 17.61, P=0.049; sagittal: 41.44, P<0.001) and Head scores (metopic: 48.12, P=0.001; sagittal: 49.35, P<0.001), and sagittal synostosis was associated with higher Face (38.16, P<0.001), Forehead (55.93, P<0.001), and Nose scores (19.28, P=0.003).

Conclusions:

From patients’ and parents’ perspectives at a single institution, SC and CVR were equivalent regarding aesthetics and health-related quality of life.
Dementia and Its Profound Impact on Family Members and Partners
Authors: Shah R. , Salek M.S. , Ali F.M. , Nixon S.J. , Otwombe K. , Ingram J.R. , Finlay A.Y.
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Dementia can adversely affect the quality of life (QoL) of family members/partners of those affected. Measuring this often-neglected burden is critical to planning and providing appropriate support services. This study measures this impact using the Family-Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16).

Methods:

A large UK cross-sectional online study through patient research platforms, recruited family members/partners of people with dementia, to complete the FROM-16.

Results:

Totally, 711 family members/partners (mean age=58.7 y, SD=12.5; females=81.3%) of patients (mean age=81.6, SD=9.6; females=66.9) with dementia completed the FROM-16. The FROM-16 mean total score was 17.5 (SD=6.8), meaning “a very large effect” on QoL of family members, with females being more adversely impacted.

Conclusions:

Dementia profoundly impacts the QoL of family members/partners of patients. Routine use of FROM-16 could signpost provision of care support, reducing family members’ burnout. Such routine data could be used in economic analysis of the burden of dementia as well as in predicting institutionalization.
Accuracy of the Image Interpretation Capability of ChatGPT-4 Vision in Analysis of Hess Screen and Visual Field Abnormalities
Authors: Nikdel Mojgan , Ghadimi Hadi , Suh Donny W. , Tavakoli Mehdi
Published: November 2024

Background:

OpenAI, the owner of ChatGPT, publicly released the GPT-4 Vision in September 2023. This multimedia chatbot has the capability to receive and analyze various images presented to it by the user. We assessed the accuracy of its interpretation of 2 of the images commonly used in neuro-ophthalmology, namely Hess screen and automated visual field images.

Methods:

We separately uploaded typical images of 5 abnormal Hess screen charts related to third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsy, Brown syndrome, and inferior orbital wall fracture with entrapment of the inferior rectus muscle. Likewise, 5 classic images of automated visual field grayscale maps related to lesions of the optic nerve, the chiasma, the optic tract, the optic radiations, and the occipital lobe were presented. The chatbot was instructed to select the best option among the 5 choices presented in each question.

Results:

The GPT-4 Vision was able to select the right choice in 2/5 questions on Hess screens and 3/5 of the visual field questions. Despite selection of the correct option, qualitative evaluation of GPT-4 responses revealed flawed analysis of certain aspects of some image findings, such as the side of involvement or the misinterpretation of the physiologic blind spot as a central scotoma.

Conclusions:

The performance of GPT-4 Vision in the interpretation of abnormalities of Hess screen and visual field involvement was highly variable, even with simple typical cases of classic disorders. As the chatbot's image recognition is currently evolving, its capacity to accurately interpret ophthalmologic images is still limited at this time.
Immunologic and Biophysical Features of the BNT162b2 JN.1- and KP.2-Adapted COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Chen Wei , Tompkins Kristin R. , Windsor Ian W. , Martinez Lyndsey T. , Ramos Minah , Li Weiqiang , Shrivastava Shikha , Rajput Swati , Chang Jeanne S. , Sahasrabudhe Parag , Fennell Kimberly F. , McLellan Thomas J. , West Graham M. , Dizon Kristianne P. , Yam Aaron , Mitra Siddartha , Saha Subrata , Sharaf Daiana , McKeen Andrew P. , Cadima Carla I. , Muik Alexander , Swanson Wesley , Moreno Raquel Munoz , Daroca Pilar Mendoza , Sahin Ugur , Anderson Annaliesa S. , Wu Huixian , Swanson Kena A. , Modjarrad Kayvon
Published: November 2024

Vaccines remain a vital public health tool to reduce the burden of COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccines that are more closely matched to circulating SARS-CoV-2 lineages elicit more potent and relevant immune responses that translate to improved real-world vaccine effectiveness. The rise in prevalence of the Omicron JN.1 lineage, and subsequent derivative sublineages such as KP.2 and KP.3, coincided with reduced neutralizing activity and effectiveness of Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted vaccines. Here, we characterized the biophysical and immunologic attributes of BNT162b2 JN.1- and KP.2-adapted mRNA vaccine-encoded spike (S) protein immunogens. Biophysical interrogations of S revealed the structural consequences of hallmark amino acid substitutions and a potential molecular mechanism of immune escape employed by JN.1 and KP.2. The vaccine candidates were evaluated for their immunogenicity when administered as fourth or fifth doses in BNT162b2-experienced mice or as a primary series in naïve mice. In both vaccine-experienced and naïve settings, JN.1- and KP.2-adapted vaccines conferred improved neutralizing responses over the BNT162b2 XBB.1.5 vaccine against a broad panel of emerging JN.1 sublineages, including the predominant KP.3.1.1 and emerging XEC lineages. Antigenic mapping of neutralizing responses indicated greater antigenic overlap of JN.1- and KP.2-adapted vaccine responses with currently circulating sublineages compared to an XBB.1.5-adapted vaccine. CD4+and CD8+T cell responses were generally conserved across all three vaccines. Together, the data support the selection of JN.1- or KP.2-adapted vaccines for the 2024-25 COVID-19 vaccine formula.

ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY

The Omicron JN.1- and KP.2-adapted BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines encoding prefusion S proteins elicit similar preclinical neutralizing antibody responses against circulating JN.1 sublineage pseudoviruses that are more potent than those elicited by past iterations of BNT162b2 licensed vaccines, thus demonstrating the importance of annual strain changes to the COVID-19 vaccine.
TRPV4-mediated Mechanotransduction Regulates the Differentiation of Valvular Interstitial Cells to Myofibroblasts: Implications for Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Mukherjee Pritha , Mahanty Manisha , Dutta Bidisha , Rahaman Suneha G. , Sankaran Karunakaran R. , Rahaman Shaik O.
Published: November 2024

As aortic valve stenosis (AVS) progresses, the valve tissue also stiffens. This increase in tissue stiffness causes the valvular interstitial cells (VICs) to transform into myofibroblasts in response. VIC-to-myofibroblast differentiation is critically involved in the development of AVS. Herein, we investigated the role of mechanosensitive Ca2+-permeant transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (Trpv4) channels in matrix stiffness- and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)-induced VIC-myofibroblast activation. We confirmed Trpv4 functionality in primary mouse wild-type VICs compared to Trpv4 null VICs using live Ca2+influx detection during application of its selective agonist and antagonist. Using physiologically relevant hydrogels of varying stiffness that respectively mimic healthy or diseased aortic valve tissue stiffness, we found that genetic ablation of Trpv4 blocked matrix stiffness- and TGFβ1-induced VIC-myofibroblast activation as determined by changes in morphology, alterations of expression of α-smooth muscle actin, and modulations of F-actin generation. Our results showed that N-terminal residues 30-130 in Trpv4 were crucial for cellular force generation and VIC-myofibroblast activation, while deletion of residues 1-30 had no noticeable negative effect on these processes. Collectively, these data suggest a differential regulatory role for Trpv4 in stiffness/TGFβ1-induced VIC-myofibroblast activation. Our data further showed that Trpv4 regulates stiffness/TGFβ1-induced PI3K-AKT activity that is required for VIC-myofibroblast differentiation and cellular force generation, suggesting a mechanism by which Trpv4 activity regulates VIC-myofibroblast activation. Altogether, these data identify a novel role for Trpv4 mechanotransduction in regulating VIC-myofibroblast activation, implicating Trpv4 as a potential therapeutic target to slow and/or reverse AVS development.
Development of glowing plastic bricks from waste plastic and florescent pyoverdine pigment ofPseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Pandey Kshipra , Oderdara Rushita , Patel Ritu
Published: November 2024

The extensive increase in non-biodegradable plastic waste is leading to heightened pollution and severe impacts on the climate. The marine environment withstands the worst of plastic pollution, with a documented accumulation of 86 million tons of plastic debris globally. Humans are directly impacted by degraded plastic waste through direct consumption (e.g., in tap water), indirect consumption (via the consumption of contaminated animals), and interference with various hormonal mechanisms. In the 20th century, human-produced plastics constituted approximately 3% of the world’s total biomass. In addressing this issue, we embarked on the development of plastic bricks, emphasizing the repurposing of plastic waste. To distinguish our approach, we incorporated a luminescent quality using the inherent fluorescent property of the pyoverdine pigment produced byPseudomonas aeruginosa. This luminescence aims to mitigate nocturnal visibility issues, which contribute to accidents involving both human and speechless fauna.
Scaling Laws in Healthcare Delivery. A Network Analysis Approach to Outpatient Referral Networks Across the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Ben-Ari Alon , George Harry L. , Bigeleisen Paul E.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

We studied clinical referral networks across the Veterans Health Administration. Network attributes, referral counts and timeliness of services rendered were estimated and used to predict outpatient care performance. A scaling law for outpatient referrals was derived, predicting an economy of scale.

METHODS

Network topology and operational statistics were estimated and their relationships were studied. A comparative study of multiple networks was undertaken.

RESULTS

We observed similarities both in network structure and in the referral patterns. These are invariant of the healthcare system size. A power scaling law for referrals was inferred with an infra-linear exponent.

CONCLUSION

Study of referral networks across multiple healthcare systems shows an economy of scale and self-similarity between network attributes that are patient size invariant.
To what extent does self-reported physical activity impact children’s wellbeing and mental health? Insights from School-Aged Children in Wales.
Authors: James Michaela , Adebayo Mary , Silveira-Bianchim Mayara , Hughes Levi , Mannello Marianne , Marchant Emily , Brophy Sinead
Published: November 2024

There has been emphasis on the wellbeing of school-aged children amongst research, policy and practice in recent years, particularly during key developmental stages such as early childhood and adolescence. This study aimed to identify specific factors of self-reported physical activity that are associated with wellbeing and mental health among school-aged children in Wales. Using data from the Health and Attainment of Pupils in Primary Education in Wales (HAPPEN-Wales) cohort, this study analysed survey responses from 16,731 children aged 7-11 collected between 2016 and 2022. The HAPPEN survey includes self-reported measures of physical activity, physical literacy, sedentary behaviour, wellbeing, mental health, and local community environment. Wellbeing and mental health were assessed using the Good Childhood Index and the Me and My Feelings Questionnaire. Physical literacy was captured through questions on motivation, confidence, competence, and understanding of physical activity benefits. Additional data on environmental factors and socioeconomic status were also considered. Multiple regression and decision tree analyses were used to examine factors associated with overall wellbeing. Key factors associated with good wellbeing included being more physically active (Coef.:0.17 [95%CI: 0.05 to 0.29]), being less sedentary (Coef.: -0.16 [95%CI: -0.28 to -0.05]), feeling confident to take part in lots of physical activity (Coef.: 0.35 [95%CI: 0.16 to 0.55]), feeling good at lots of physical activity (Coef.: 0.30 [95%CI:0.14 to 0.46], having less knowledge around understanding (Coef.: -0.29 [95%CI: -0.57 to -0.07]), feeling safe (Coef.: 0.77 [95%CI: 0.66 to 0.89]), autonomous (Coef.: 0.57 [95%CI: 0.40 to 0.73]) and competent (Coef.: 0.51 [95%CI: 0.35 to 0.67]). The findings highlight the importance of providing opportunities for children to develop their confidence, competency and to feel like they have a choice in their lives. This can be done by providing safe, engaging, and varied physical activity opportunities in schools and communities to support children's overall wellbeing.
A single dose of cannabidiol modulates the coupling between hippocampal glutamate and learning-related prefrontal activation in individuals at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis
Authors: Shi Yiling , Davies Cathy , Wilson Robin , Appiah-Kusi Elizabeth , Lythgoe David J. , Modinos Gemma , Bhattacharyya Sagnik
Published: November 2024

Background

Cannabidiol (CBD) is being studied as a potential intervention for the people at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR), though the mechanisms underlying its effects are not fully understood. Previous studies indicate that a single dose of CBD can normalize alterations in memory-related brain activation and modulate hippocampal glutamate levels in the early stages of psychosis. This study aimed to examine the acute effects of CBD on the coupling between hippocampal glutamate levels and brain activation during verbal memory in individuals at CHR.

Methods

33 participants at CHR participants were randomly assigned to receive either a single dose of 600 mg CBD (CHR-CBD) or an identical placebo capsule (CHR-PLB). 19 age-matched healthy controls (HC) received no study drugs. Participants underwent MRI scanning while performing a verbal learning task, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure hippocampal glutamate levels. Group x hippocampal glutamate x brain activation interactions were tested.

Results

CHR-PLB showed positive correlation between hippocampal glutamate levels and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) (Pcorr. = 0.0039) activation compared to HC during both verbal encoding and recall. Under a single dose of CBD, the glutamate-dlPFC activation coupling was negative and significantly different compared to placebo in CHR individuals (Pcorr. = 0.0001). The reversed correlation in CBD group also observed in the parahippocampal gyrus (Pcorr. = 0.0022) and amygdala (Pcorr. = 0.0019).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the mechanism underlying the effect of CBD in CHR may involve reversing of altered coupling between hippocampal glutamate levels and prefrontal and mediotemporal activation.
Key factors to consider forCandida aurisscreening in healthcare settings: a systematic review
Authors: Danielsen Anders Skyrud , Ødeskaug Liz Ertzeid , Raastad Ragnhild , Kjerulf Anne , Andersen Anne-Marie , Tornes Ragnhild Agathe , Himmels Jan P. W. , Dahle Ulf R. , Sare Miriam , Kristensen Brian , Eriksen-Volle Hanne-Merete , Molvik Mari
Published: November 2024

Background

Candida aurisis an emerging fungal pathogen that is often multidrug-resistant. It can persist on skin and in hospital environments, leading to outbreaks and severe infections for patients at risk. Several countries and institutions are working on establishing guidelines and recommendations for prevention. This review aims to assess the evidence on factors associated withC. auriscolonisation or infection, the duration of such colonisation, possible colonisation sites, and the risk of secondary cases to inform screening recommendations.

Methods

We systematically searched five databases for primary studies and systematic reviews of our four outcomes. We excluded studies on treatment, management, laboratory methods, drug resistance, and environmental screening. From each paper, we extracted relevant data and summarised them in tables. Main findings were described narratively.

Findings

We selected 117 studies for inclusion. Most of the studies were observational studies. Without taking the method of testing into account, the duration ofC. auriscolonisation varied, with up to and beyond a year being common. The predominant sites of colonisation were the axillae and groin, with the nares and rectum being less common sites. The risk of secondary cases saw considerable variation across the studies, and the secondary cases primarily involved patients and not health care workers. Critical care settings, invasive medical devices, recent antimicrobial use, and comorbidities were often associated withC. auriscolonisation and infection.

Conclusion

Our review highlights that, despite relevant findings on factors influencingC. auriscolonisation and infection, substantial gaps remain in the evidence supporting screening practices. Most studies were conducted reactively, in outbreak settings, and lack systematic protocols. Given these limitations, screening guidelines are likely to be more successful if grounded in medical theory and yeast microbiology rather than relying solely on current studies. Rigorous, well- designed research is urgently needed to inform futureC. aurisscreening and control efforts.
Opioid Overdose and Naloxone Administration Knowledge and Perceived Competency in A Probability Sample of Indiana Urban Communities with Large Black Populations
Authors: Lee Shin Hyung , Agley Jon , Sharma Vatsla , Williamson Francesca , Zhang Pengyue , Seo Dong-Chul
Published: November 2024

Background

Despite widespread naloxone distribution efforts, opioid-involved overdose rates remain high, with rates in recent years indicating disproportionate increases in the death rate for Black residents. This study evaluated knowledge and perceived competency regarding opioid overdose and naloxone administration among urban Indiana residents.

Methods

As part of a federally funded project (#CPIMP221346), the Indiana University Center for Survey Research conducted community probability surveys from March to May 2023, sampling 772 residents in Indiana’s urban communities across 8 zip code areas. The study explored individual and community level factors affecting residents’ knowledge and perceived competency regarding opioid overdose and naloxone administration.

Results

Multilevel analysis identified race, sex, household income, education, length of time lived in community, and a history of opioid overdose as significant predictors of knowledge. Participants who identified as White scored a mean of 6.65 out of 10, those of Other races scored 5.75, and Black participants scored 5.70, on a 10 item questionnaire developed from the Overdose Knowledge Scale (OOKS) and the Opioid Overdose Attitudes Scale (OOAS) (p< 0.001). Additionally, there was significant cross-level interaction between race and poverty, such that Black residents living in poorer neighborhoods displayed lower knowledge scores than White counterparts (□ = 1.06,p= 0.039). However, in terms of perceived competency, only age and a history of opioid overdose, were found to be significant predictors.

Conclusions

These findings underscore the importance of community education to increase knowledge and perceived competency regarding opioid overdose and naloxone administration among Black populations particularly living in socioeconomically disadvantated areas.
Miro1 expression alters global gene expression, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, oxidation, and cell cycle progression
Authors: Shannon Nathaniel , Raymond Cory , Palmer Chloe , Seward David , Cunniff Brian
Published: November 2024

Subcellular mitochondrial positioning in cells is necessary for localized energy and signaling requirements. Mitochondria are strategically trafficked throughout the cytoplasm via the actin cytoskeleton, microtubule motor proteins, and adaptor proteins. Miro1, an outer mitochondrial membrane adaptor protein, is necessary for attachment of mitochondria to microtubule motor proteins for trafficking. Previous work showed when Miro1 is deleted (Miro1-/-) from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), the mitochondria become sequestered to the perinuclear space, disrupting subcellular energy and reactive oxygen species gradients. Here, we show that Miro1-/-MEFs grow slower compared to Miro1+/+and Miro1-/-MEFs stably re-expressing the Myc-Miro1 plasmid. Miro1-/-MEFs have a have a cell cycle defect with decreased percentage of cells in G1 and increased cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. We conducted the first ever RNA sequencing experiment dependent upon Miro1 expression and found differential expression in cell proliferation and migration genes upon deletion of Miro1, including the MAP Kinase signaling pathway. We find that ERK1/2 phosphorylation is elevated both spatially (cytoplasm and nucleus) and temporally following serum stimulation in Miro1-/-MEFs. We investigated the expression levels and oxidation of the Dual Specificity Phosphatases (DUSP1-6), ERK1/2 target phosphatases. We found no differences in DUSP1-6 expression and oxidation under asynchronous and synchronized cells. Lastly, we evaluated the oxidation status of ERK1/2 and found an increase in ERK1/2 oxidation in the Miro1-/-MEFs compared to Miro1+/+and Myc-Miro1. These data highlight transcriptional control based off Miro1 expression and demonstrate the highly dynamic regulation of ERK1/2 upon deletion of Miro1 that may support the observed cell cycle and proliferation defects.
Anderson localization of elementary excitations in disordered binary Bose mixtures: Effects of the Lee-Huang-Yang quantum and thermal corrections
Authors: Zohra Mehri , Boudjemâa Abdelâali
Published: November 2024

We investigate analytically and numerically the Anderson localization of quasiparticles in binary Bose mixtures in the presence of the Lee-Huang-Yang quantum and thermal corrections subjected to correlated disordered potentials. We calculate the density profiles, the Bogoliubov quasiparticle modes, and the localization length in both the mixture and droplet phases. We show that for one-dimensional speckle potentials, the peculiar interplay of disorder and the Lee-Huang-Yang fluctuations may enhance localization in one component while inducing delocalization in the other. Our results reveal also that thermal fluctuations lead to the emergence of two and multiple localization maxima. In the droplet state, our findings indicate that the Anderson localization of quasiparticles is weak in the flat-top region since its excitation modes are restricted to those below the particle-emission threshold.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Relationship between orbital moment anisotropy, magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in W/Co/Pt trilayers
Authors: Chi Zhendong , Lau Yong-Chang , Zhang Vanessa Li , Shibata Goro , Sakamoto Shoya , Nonaka Yosuke , Ikeda Keisuke , Wan Yuxuan , Suzuki Masahiro , Kawaguchi Masashi , Suzuki-Sakamaki Masako , Amemiya Kenta , Kawamura Naomi , Mizumaki Masaichiro , Suzuki Motohiro , Yang Hyunsoo , Hayashi Masamitsu , Fujimori Atsushi
Published: November 2024

We have studied the Co layer thickness dependences of magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA), Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), and orbital moment anisotropy (OMA) in W/Co/Pt trilayers, in order to clarify their correlations with each other. We find that the MCA favors magnetization along the film normal and monotonically increases with decreasing effective magnetic layer thickness (teff). The magnitude of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya exchange constant (|D|) increases with decreasing teff until teff∼1 nm, below which |D| decreases. The MCA and |D| scale with 1/teff for teff larger than ∼1 nm, indicating an interfacial origin. The increase of MCA with decreasing teff continues below teff∼ 1 nm, but with a slower rate. To clarify the cause of the teff dependences of MCA and DMI, the OMA of Co in W/Co/Pt trilayers is studied using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. We find nonzero OMA when teff is smaller than ∼0.8 nm. The OMA increases with decreasing

t

eff

more rapidly than what is expected from the MCA, indicating that factors other than OMA contribute to the MCA at small teff. The teff dependence of the OMA also suggests that |D| at teff smaller than ∼1 nm is not related to the OMA at the interface. We propose that the growth of Co on W results in a strain and/or texture that reduces the interfacial DMI, and, to some extent, MCA at small teff.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Topological amplitudes of charmed baryon decays in the
SU(3)F
limit
Authors: Wang Di , Luo Jin-Feng
Published: November 2024

Charmed baryon decay plays an important role in studying the weak and strong interactions. Topological diagram is an intuitive tool for analyzing the dynamics of heavy hadron decays. In this work, we investigate the topological diagrams of charmed baryon antitriplet (Bc3¯) decays into a light baryon octet (B8) and a light meson (M). A one-to-one mapping between the topological diagram and the invariant tensor is established. The topological diagrams of the Bc3¯→B8SM modes (where B8S and B8A are the q1↔q2 symmetric and antisymmetric octets) and the diagrams with a quark loop are presented for the first time. The completeness of topologies is confirmed by permutation. The linear relations of topologies are obtained by deriving the relation between the topological amplitudes constructed by the third- and second-rank octet tensors. It is found the topologies contributing to the Bc3¯→B8SM modes can be determined by the topologies contributing to the Bc3¯→B8AM modes, and vice versa. The equations of SU(3) irreducible amplitudes decomposed by topologies are derived through two different intermediate amplitudes. However, the inverse solution does not exist since the number of topologies exceeds number of SU(3) irreducible amplitudes. Applying this framework to the Standard Model, it is found there are thirteen independent SU(3) irreducible amplitudes contributing to the Bc3¯→B8M decays. Among these, four amplitudes associated with three-dimensional operators are significant for CP asymmetries. Considering the suppressions due to small Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements and the Körner-Pati-Woo theorem, the branching fractions of charmed baryon decays are dominated by five SU(3) irreducible amplitudes in the SU(3)F limit. Quark-loop diagrams could enhance the U-spin breaking effects and increase the branching fraction difference of two decay channels. Systematic measurements of branching fractions of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed modes could help identify promising channels for searching for CP asymmetries in the charmed baryon sector.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
QCD corrections at subleading power for inclusive nonleptonic
b→cu¯d
decays
Authors: Mannel Thomas , Moreno Daniel , Pivovarov Alexei A.
Published: November 2024

In this paper we compute the next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections for the inclusive nonleptonic decay rates of B hadrons at subleading power of the heavy quark expansion. In particular, we discuss the coefficient of the chromomagnetic moment parameter μG, which has a large uncertainty at leading order due to its dependence on the renormalization scale. We find that the renormalization-scale dependence of this coefficient is significantly reduced, thereby reducing the theoretical uncertainty of the coefficient and, consequently, the rates. The sign of the coefficient becomes stable, and we estimate that the NLO corrections will increase the decay rates by around 2%.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Atypical phase transition, twinning and ferroelastic domain structure in bis(ethylenediammonium) tetrabromozincate(II) bromide, [NH3(CH2)2NH3]2[ZnBr4]Br2
Authors: Czapla Zbigniew , Krawczyk Monika K. , Kinzhybalo Vasyl
Published: November 2024

Single-crystal growth, differential thermal analysis (DTA), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray structural studies and polarized microscopy observations of bis(ethylenediammonium) tetrabromozincate(II) bromide [NH3(CH2)2NH3]2[ZnBr4]Br2 are presented. A reversible phase transition is described. At room temperature, the complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system. In some cases, the single crystals are twinned into two or more large domains of ferroelastic type with domain walls in the (100) crystallographic plane. DTA and DTG measurements show chemical stability of the crystal up to ∼538 K. In the DSC studies, a reversible isostructural phase transition was revealed at ∼526/522 K on heating/cooling run, respectively. Optical observation on the heating run reveals that at the phase transition the plane of twinning (domain wall) does not disappear and additionally the appearance of a new domain structure of ferroelastic type with domain walls in the planes (101), (101), (100) and (001) is observed. The domain structure pattern is preserved after cooling to the room-temperature phase and the symmetry of this phase is unchanged.
A cross-generational analysis of second-hand online shopping: comparing GenX, millennials and GenZ
Authors: Calvo-Porral Cristina , Viejo-Fernández Nuria
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine whether there are differences in second-hand online shopping behavior driven by the generational cohort.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the generational cohort theory, this research examines what factors influence and prevent the purchase of second-hand products online, comparing generational cohorts. For this purpose, data are analyzed through multiple-group structural equation modeling (SEM) (Gen X = 176; Millennials = 197; Gen Z = 233).

Findings

Findings report noticeable different motivations and barriers across consumer generations in their second-hand shopping behavior: Gen X are mostly driven by economic motivations; Gen Z are driven by ethical motives, while economic and environmental motivations exert greater influence for Millennials. Conversely, functional risk is the main barrier for the three generational cohorts.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one first attempt to examine why different generational cohorts of consumers purchase or prevent from purchasing used items through the internet.
The ethics of facial recognition in police practice: beyond the usual concerns
Authors: Miah Abdul-Hye , Mcbride Neil
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to outline an ethical framework for the deployment of facial recognition technology (FRT) in policing practice and highlight the ethical significance of the facial image.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper sets out an ethical approach to the practice of facial recognition deployment derived from Emmanuel Levinas’ Ethics of the Face. Ideas concerning alterity and the role of the face as a source of ethical obligation are used to establish the significance of responsibility and accountability in FRT usage.

Findings

Reflecting on the ethics of the face suggests that facial recognition amplifies requirements for accountability and responsibility in comparison with other biometric techniques and requires stronger legal safeguards.

Practical implications

This paper offers practical improvements through: improved process in applying FRT and changes to information management practice which treat the facial image with heightened accountability and traceability. Training is suggested which creates an understanding of the face and an improved approach to the information management of FRT data. Recommendations are made on selection of officers deployed in the field.

Originality/value

Using Levinas’ concept of the face and ethical philosophy provides a unique and novel lens for characterizing the legal and ethical issues concerning FRT in police practice and results in new insights as to the productive use of FRT in public policing.