bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term Outcome of Acute versus Chronic Bony Bankart Lesions Managed Arthroscopically
Authors: Porcellini Giuseppe , Paladini Paolo , Campi Fabrizio , Paganelli Massimo
Published: November 2007

Background

Acute bony Bankart lesions can be successfully treated with an arthroscopic approach to fix the avulsed bone fragment to the glenoid without grafting.

Hypothesis

Chronic bony Bankart lesions with glenoid defects can be repaired arthroscopically in the same manner as acute lesions.

Study Design

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods

Over 6 years, 215 of 406 unstable shoulders were managed with an arthroscopic approach. A bony Bankart lesion was detected in 68 (31.6%); of these, 41 were operated on <3 months after the first dislocation (acute group) and 27 at a longer interval (chronic group). Preoperative evaluation was by radiography and computed tomography. A modified Bankart technique was used to repair the capsulolabral complex and fix the avulsed bone fragment to the healthy glenoid with suture anchors. Long-term follow-up data (at least 4 years) were available for 65 patients (41 acute and 24 chronic). Preoperative and postoperative Rowe scores were compared.

Results

One patient from the acute group (2.4%) and 1 patient in the chronic group (4.2%) experienced traumatic redislocation. The mean postoperative Rowe scores increased, from 59 to 92 and from 43.5 to 61, respectively (both P < .001).

Conclusion

An arthroscopic procedure using suture anchors appears to enable successful treatment of acute bony Bankart lesions. Chronic lesions had less favorable outcomes.
The Effects of Different Tensioning Strategies on Knee Laxity and Graft Tension after Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Cuomo Pierluigi , Reddi Boddu Siva Rama Krishna , Bull Anthony M. J. , Amis Andrew A.
Published: November 2007

Background

Double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction replicates the 2 functional bundles of the native ligament, the posterolateral and the anteromedial, to control anteroposterior and rotational laxity.

Hypothesis

Double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction laxity should be affected by the way grafts are tensioned.

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods

Fourteen intact cadaveric knees were instrumented in a 6 degree of freedom rig, and kinematics throughout flexion-extension were recorded with an electromagnetic system under a 90-N anterior force or a 5-N·m internal rotation torque. Anteromedial and posterolateral bundle bovine extensor tendon grafts were fixed to load cells on the tibia, and tension was adjusted to match the intact knee anteroposterior laxity with 3 different protocols: (1) anteromedial bundle first and then posterolateral bundle at 90° and 20° of flexion, respectively; (2) posterolateral bundle first and then anteromedial bundle at 20° and 90° of flexion, respectively; and (3) both bundles together at 20° of flexion. Finally, a single-bundle graft positioned at 10 o'clock was tensioned at 20° of flexion.

Results

Lower graft tensions were required to match intact knee laxity in double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Tension patterns with knee flexion were independent from the tensioning protocol. Protocols 1 and 2 overconstrained anteroposterior laxity, whereas protocol 3 matched intact knee anteroposterior laxity throughout the range of motion. The single-bundle reconstructions had excess anteroposterior laxity in flexion. Rotations were better restored with double-bundle protocols 2 and 3.

Conclusion

Knee laxity after double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is affected by the sequence in which the grafts are tensioned.

Clinical Relevance

Double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction ensures better laxity restoration than does single bundle when both bundles are fixed together.
Allograft Update
Authors: McAllister David R. , Joyce Michael J. , Mann Barton J. , Vangsness C. Thomas
Published: November 2007

Allografts are commonly used during sports medicine surgical procedures in the United States, and their frequency of use is increasing. Based on surgeon reports, it is estimated that more than 60 000 allografts were used in knee surgeries by members of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine in 2005. In the United States, there are governmental agencies and other regulatory bodies involved in the oversight of tissue banks. In 2005, the Food and Drug Administration finalized its requirements for current good tissue practice and has mandated new rules regarding the “manufacture” of allogenic tissue. In response to well-publicized infections associated with the implantation of allograft tissue, some tissue banks have developed methods to sterilize allograft tissue. Although many surgeons have significant concerns about the safety of allografts, the majority believe that sterilized allografts are safe but that the sterilization process negatively affects tissue biology and biomechanics. However, most know very little about the principles of sterilization and the proprietary processes currently used in tissue banking. This article will review the current status of allograft tissue regulation, procurement, processing, and sterilization in the United States.
Bion and Foulkes: The Group-as-a-Whole
Authors: Hinshelwood R.D.
Published: November 2007

This article describes the concept of the group-as-a-whole as used by Foulkes and by Bion. The differences are noted and their different applications to group therapy and to larger working institutions. The relation of Foulkes's ideas to the work at the wartime military hospital in Northfield dominated by Bion's work is highlighted in a short letter from Ronald Hargreaves, discovered in the Foulkes's archives.
Unthinking the Closed Personality: Norbert Elias, Group Analysis and Unconscious Processes in a Research Group: Part I
Authors: Waldhoff Hans-Peter
Published: November 2007

At first, Elias' approach to psychoanalysis and group analysis was emphatically thought out and scientific, even when he submitted to experiencing it personally. In this article, a number of hitherto unknown documents will be discussed which reveal Elias as being in the triangle between psychoanalysis, group analysis and sociological research, but above all in a bipolar tension field which he describes in numerous variations and which can be characterized as moving between an intellectually distanced, scientifically disciplined procedure appealing to the conscious ego on the one hand, and a more strongly emotionally involved technique such as free group association, which takes the unconscious into account, on the other. The second part of this article will focus on the development and dynamics of the first Congress Group (the `C-Group') of the Group-Analytic Society, focusing on the relationship between Foulkes and Elias.
The Totalitarian System and Narcissistic Injury: Holocaust Consequences as a Special Case
Authors: Klímová Helena
Published: November 2007

At the Rafael Centre in Prague, group psychotherapy is provided for the families of the holocaust survivors and their family members. Here, the therapists, already well-trained and experienced, acquire special professional experiences and skills in the treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and how this is transmitted to the second and next generations. It is the conviction of the author of this paper that the knowledge and skills should be made known and passed on to other professionals, for the benefit of people in need. At the Rafael Centre, the main objective is to study and to prevent as efficiently as possible all the negative symptoms and psychological remnants of any totalitarian system which are set out in this article.
The Effect of Filler Loading and Maleated Polypropylene on Properties of Rubberwood Filled Polypropylene/Natural Rubber Composites
Authors: Salmah H. , Ismail H.
Published: November 2007

Polypropylene (PP)/natural rubber (NR) composites were prepared by incorporating rubberwood at different loadings into PP/NR matrix using a Brabender plasticorder at a temperature of 180°C and a rotor speed of 50 rpm for 10 minutes. A compatibilizer, E-43 (maleated polypropylene) was used to improve the mechanical properties of the composites. Incorporation of rubberwood into PP/NR matrix increases the Young modulus, flexural modulus and water absorption but reduces the tensile strength and elongation at break. However, the presence of E-43 in the blends has improved the above properties except elongation at break and water absorption. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies indicate that the presence of E-43 has also improved filler matrix interaction.
Static and Free Vibration Analyses of Laminated Shells using a Higher-order Theory
Authors: Pradyumna S. , Bandyopadhyay J.N.
Published: November 2007

A C0 finite element formulation using a higher-order shear deformation theory is developed and used to analyze static and dynamic behavior of laminated shells. The element consists of nine degrees-of-freedom per node with higher-order terms in the Taylor's series expansion which represents the higher-order transverse cross sectional deformation modes. The formulation includes Sanders' approximation for doubly curved shells considering the effects of rotary inertia and transverse shear. A realistic parabolic distribution of transverse shear strains through the shell thickness is assumed and the use of a shear correction factor is avoided. The shell forms include hyperbolic paraboloid, hypar and conoid shells. The accuracy of the formulation is validated by carrying out a convergence study and comparing the results with those available in the existing literature.
Erosive Wear Behaviour of Redmud Filled Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Acharya S.K. , Dikshit V. , Mishra P.
Published: November 2007

The present work has been undertaken with an objective to explore the use of redmud as a reinforcing material as a low cost option. This redmud emerges as a major waste material during production of alumina from bauxite by the Bayer's process. It comprises oxides of iron, titanium, aluminum and silica along with some other minor constituents. The erosive wear of the newly developed composite is evaluated at different impingement angles from 30° to 90° with different pressures and stand off distances (SOD). The results show semi brittle behavior of the composite with maximum erosion rate at 45° impingement angle. The results also indicate that the redmud addition is beneficial in enhancing the erosion resistance of the composite in comparison to pure aluminum.
Weathering Behavior of Bagasse Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite
Authors: Acharya S.K. , Mishra P. , Mehar S.K. , Dikshit V.
Published: November 2007

The sugar cane residue bagasse is an underutilized renewable agricultural material. Bagasse is generally grey-yellow to pale green in color. It is bulky and quite nonuniform in particle size. As it is produced at the sugar mills, bagasse is used as fuel in the power plant. However, wherever there is large scale production of sugarcane, there will be excess bagasse which must be disposed of by other methods such as burning, dumping, land burial, etc. Thus, an economic use of the excess bagasse could both increase the profits of the sugar mill and solve an environmental problem. In this work an attempt has been made to upgrade the value of this agricultural residue by bonding with resin to produce composites for suitable applications.
Effect of Hygrothermal Aging on Polyetherimide Composites
Authors: Arici Aziz Armagan
Published: November 2007

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of hygrothermal aging on both the static and thermo-mechanical behavior of polyetherimide composites. Tensile testing and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis were performed on the hygrothermally aged polyetherimide composites in the climatic cabin. The decrease in the Tg temperature, also following a decrease in the yield energy, indicated the plasticization for hygrothermally aged glass fiber reinforced PEI composite, but both tensile and DMTA analysis pointed out that glass fiber reinforced PEI composite retained its static and dynamic behavior on a large scale. The higher thermal expansion mismatch problem between carbon fiber and PEI matrix caused a remarkable decrease in the static energy values of the composite.
Planning for “Megaregions” in the United States
Authors: Dewar Margaret , Epstein David
Published: November 2007

The population of the United States will likely grow by 40 percent by 2050 with the growth concentrated in eight to ten megaregions, connected networks of metropolitan areas. Planners in the United States have begun to plan for these large regions. Their work raises four persistent questions: what is a megaregion, and how does one determine where a megaregion exists? Why plan at the scale of megaregions rather than at metropolitan, state, and national levels? What are appropriate methods and useful data for megaregion planning? When is the megaregion a useful scale for policy and planning?
Employment Effects of Brownfield Redevelopment: What Do We Know from the Literature?
Authors: Howland Marie
Published: November 2007

This review examines the relationship between brownfield redevelopment and job creation. Several policy conclusions can be drawn. First, recent policy innovations have spurred cleanup and redevelopment on many of the counties' least contaminated sites and those located in the strongest markets. Second, brownfield remediation is a necessary but not sufficient precursor to redevelopment and job creation. Many of the U.S. brownfield sites are located in weak land markets; thus, cleanup does not necessarily result in follow-on private investment. Third, brownfield redevelopment is complicated by the fact that many of the most seriously contaminated sites are located in the most distressed neighborhoods. Redevelopment and job creation, therefore, are likely to require substantial government investment. Finally, experiments that tie job creation to local residents have received little study but show promise as the best way to avoid displacement when remediation and redevelopment are successful.
The Passage of Education Citizen Initiatives
Authors: Bali Valentina A.
Published: November 2007

In recent years, many critical education policy reforms across the American states have been attempted through citizen ballots. This study examines citizens' voting behavior on three salient education initiatives proposed in California. Analyses of exit poll data indicate that voting on education initiatives is greatly influenced by ideological predispositions, self-interest, and racially based incentives. Local school districts' conditions become more influential once we examine voting separately across racial groups. These voting strategies suggest that the path of education reform through citizen initiatives will be much susceptible to ideological and demographic currents.
Spatial Disparities and Housing Market Deregulation in the Randstad Region
Authors: Cao Liou , Priemus Hugo
Published: November 2007

Since 1989, Dutch housing policy has been changing to allow more scope for market forces. This article will evaluate the spatial disparities related to these policy changes in the development of the housing market in the Randstad region of the Netherlands. The evaluation is placed in an international perspective by drawing a comparison between the Randstad and the San Francisco Bay Area in the United States. The comparison focuses on three specific aspects: suburbanization, spatial disparity in the distribution of household income, and spatial differentiation in the value of property. The results show that since the more market-oriented housing policy came into force, the Randstad has witnessed faster suburbanization and — to a certain extent — a greater disparity in property value in urban and suburban areas than the San Francisco Bay Area, though the gaps in household income are narrower in the Randstad than in the Bay Area. The comparison draws attention to the policy implications of problems that are likely to be caused by suburbanization and property value segregation in the Randstad and presents a number of policy recommendations. Spatial policy, urban renewal policy, and tax and income policy can play a significant role in mitigating the spatial impacts of housing market deregulation on the Randstad.
Space, Governmentality, and the Geographies of French Urban Policy ★
Authors: Dikeç Mustafa
Published: November 2007

This article seeks to make a contribution to debates around governmentality and urban policy. The main argument is that although there is a governmental dimension to the constitution of spaces through urban policy, there is no inherent politics to such constitutions. Different ways of imagining space have different implications for the constitution of problems and formulation of solutions.This argument is substantiated by an account of French urban policy ( la politique de la Ville) between 1981 and 2005, organized around three periods. The first part of the article relates this policy to the contemporary transformations of the French state, and points to the relationship between urban policy and the penal state.The second part presents an account of this policy with a focus on the changing conceptualizations of space, and their varying policy and political implications.
Securing Sustainable Communities
Authors: Raco Mike
Published: November 2007

During the 2000s spatial and urban policy in the UK has become increasingly concerned with the creation of sustainable communities. The urban renaissance's focus on security through design has been replaced by new, more holistic discourses which emphasize `community safety' and the ways in which the planning process can be reformed in order to achieve this. The new emphasis is on the responsibilization of neighbourhood communities with the police becoming more `citizen-focused' in the design and implementation of their strategies. This article examines the shift towards sustainable community building and assesses its implications for the policing and securitization of places. It argues that a paradox lies at the heart of the government's new agendas. On the one hand, they promote community balance, mix and diversity as a vehicle for the creation of more functional and less crime-ridden places. On the other hand, they simultaneously identify diversity as a threat to community safety. Security policy, the article argues, has therefore become focused on the deployment of new types of relational citizenship, based on top-down conceptions of whose presence or absence is required to make a community sustainable. In this context `sustainability' is being used as a discursive cover for a series of potentially repressive and counter-productive policy measures. Rather than increasing a sense of security within newly built and regenerated places, the new focus of policy may encourage the formation of new governmentalities of insecurity and fear.
Difficulties in Revitalizing Public Space By CCTV
Authors: Klauser Francisco R.
Published: November 2007

This article critically assesses the adequacy of CCTV as an instrument to revitalize urban areas suffering from concentrated social disadvantage. Empirically, it focuses on the video-surveillance of street prostitution in the Swiss city of Olten. This CCTV system was installed at the beginning of 2001 and focuses on an urban `hot spot' used by different types of marginalized social groups. In the Olten case-study, video-surveillance is examined as it is understood and perceived both by the population at large and by daily users of the monitored area. In investigating whether surveillance cameras render monitored areas accessible to people erstwhile excluded from that space because of their negative subjective perception of risks, this article puts particular emphasis on the phenomenon of `distanciation' caused by CCTV. By showing that CCTV is forgotten very quickly and felt to be somehow unreal against the background of everyday social activities in monitored areas, this approach also stresses that CCTV is very limited as an instrument to revitalize public places of fear.
Improving Knowledge of Antenatal Care (ANC) among Pregnant Women: A Field Trial in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Nuraini E. , Parker E.
Published: November 2007

The need for reducing maternal mortality has become a paramount concern in developing countries including Indonesia. One of the strategies for reducing maternal mortality in Indonesia is the provision of antenatal care (ANC). Previous studies have reported the advantages and disadvantages of ANC. The purpose of this study is to ascertain if a new approach to ANC can improve pregnant women's knowledge of its benefits. An experimental design with 60 pregnant women from 10 cluster villages is used in this study. The intervention group received the new approach to ANC, while the control group received routine ANC. The findings show that the improvement of knowledge in the intervention group is significant particularly in the knowledge about healthy pregnancy ( p=0.012), pregnancy complications ( p=0.01), safe birth ( p=0.01) and taking care of the newborn ( p=0.012). The improvement of knowledge was significantly influenced by the respondents' educational back ground ( p=0.002) and socio-economic status ( p=0.027). This study recommends that the new approach to ANC be considered to educate pregnant women regarding safe birth and it is considered as one of the strategies that may be adopted to reduce maternal mortality. Asia Pac J Public Health 2005: 17(1): 3-8.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Iranian Adults according to Educational Levels: Isfahan Healthy Heart Program
Authors: Roohafza HR , Sadeghi M. , Kelishadi R.
Published: November 2007

There is abundant evidence that the socioeconomic status (SES) is inversely associated with CVD risk factors. The objective of this study is to describe the distribution of CVD risk factors according to educational level in Iranian adults. A cross-sectional survey was performed on subjects over the age of 19 in three cities. Demographic data, as well as information on educational level and smoking habits was obtained and then height, weight and blood pressure measurement and blood sampling were arranged. Data was analyzed by the Mantel-Haenszel, Kendalls T correlation and multivariate analysis test. Of 9587 subjects, 48% were men and 52% were women, with mean ages of 39.0±15.3 and 38.8±14.5 years, respectively. All CVD risk factors showed an inverse relationship with educational level in all subjects, except for smoking and low HDL-C in women. High TC and LDL-C and low HDL-C were inversely related to educational level (P<0.05); however, this relationship was not significant with Mantel-Haenszel test in men. The association between CVD risk factors and educational level in women was stronger than in men. The differences found between CVD risk factors with educational level are important and should be considered in programs designed to increase level of education in order to lower CVD risk factors. Asia Pac J Public Health 2005: 17(1): 9-14.
Self-disclosure of HIV Status: Perception of Malaysian HIV-positive Subjects towards Attitude of Dental Personnel in Providing Oral Care
Authors: Sujak SL , Abdul-Kadir R. , Omar R.
Published: November 2007

The objective of this study was to assess the perceptions of Malaysian HIV-positive subjects towards the attitude of dental personnel in providing oral care to them.

The study design was cross-sectional with the sampling frame comprising of 27 Government Drug Rehabilitation Centres throughout Malaysia. A convenience sample was then taken from 20 centres with the highest enrolment of HIV-positive subjects. A self-administered questionnaire was used to elicit information on the perception of HIV-positive subjects towards the attitude of dental personnel in providing oral care to the patient with HIV-positive. The study sample consisted of 509 HIV-positive individuals with a mean age of 31.3 ±12.9 years old. Of these, only 15.1% attended a dental clinic after confirmation of HIV-positive status. The study demonstrated that 67.5% of the HIV-positive subjects disclosed their status voluntarily to the dentists and majority of the dentists (76.9%) did not show any negative reaction on knowing their HIV positive status. There was also no difference in the attitude of auxiliary staff toward the above disclosure. In conclusion, the study showed that oral health care personnel are more receptive to the HIV-positive subjects receiving dental care and treatment. Asia Pac J Public Health 2005: 17(1): 15-18.
Iron Deficiency Anaemia and Child Development
Authors: Hokama T. , Gushi Ken M. , Nosoko N.
Published: November 2007

A developmental test was carried out to evaluate the effect of iron deficiency anaemia on child development by using Bailey Scale of Infant Development (BSID) and Enjoji Scale of Infant Analytical development (ESID). The subjects were 54 children, divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 15 infants with anaemia; Group 2: 10 infants with a past history of anaemia and Group 3: 29 healthy normal infants without anaemia formed the control group. The characteristics of infants and their family background were not different among the three groups except for the male/female ratio. The mean mental developmental index (MDI) and psychomotor developmental index (PDI) of Group 1 and Group 2 were lower than that of control group using the BSID test. The mean speech development quotients of Group 1 and Group 2 were lower than that of control group in ESID. These tendencies were observed after subjects were stratified by sex. Therefore, the results of the study suggests that iron deficiency anaemia may affect child development especially speech development. Asia Pac J Public Health 2005: 17(1): 19-21.
Wheat Thresher Agricultural Injuries: A By-Product of Mechanised Farming
Authors: Singh R. , Sharma AK , Jain S. , Sharma SC , Magu NK
Published: November 2007

Farm mechanization has resulted in extensive use of wheat threshers on Indian farms. It has also increased agricultural injuries. A prospective study was undertaken for analysis of wheat thresher agricultural injuries and their remedial measures. Fifty two patients presenting with thresher injuries during the wheat harvesting season of March to June, 2003 were studied. A study-specific 14-point proforma was prepared to gather all possible information from site of injury to hospital records. Injuries were mostly of the upper limb and amputations accounted for most of these. Poor light arrangements, unskilled workers, drug / alcohol abuse, fatigue, poor designing and lack of orientation to work on these machines were the contributory factors to such injuries. The analysis emphasizes that the need of the hour is to decrease wheat thresher injuries through specific preventive approaches like improved designing, education, legislation, compensation and surveillance programmes. Asia Pac J Public Health 2005: 17(1): 36-39.
Awareness and Perception about Tuberculosis in the General Population of Delhi
Authors: Sharma N. , Malhotra R. , Taneja D.K. , Saha R. , Ingle G.K.
Published: November 2007

The present study was conducted to assess awareness and perception regarding tuberculosis among the general population of Delhi. A total of 1,008 adults, selected by multistage stratified systematic sampling, were interviewed using a pre-tested proforma. The majority had heard about tuberculosis (99.1%) and most (89.2%) perceived it to be an infectious disease. The correct mode of transmission i.e. airborne (coughing / sneezing) was known to 71.8% study subjects. The majority (90.1%) knew cough as a symptom. Nearly all (98.2%) perceived Tuberculosis to be a preventable disease, citing the treatment of patients as the main-stay of preventing spread of the disease. However, responses like separation of utensils or hospitalisation of the patient to prevent the spread of the disease indicate persistence of stigma and discrimination in a small proportion of the population. There is a need to widen the scope and intensify the information and education being provided to the population based on gaps identified. Asia Pac J Public Health 2007; 19(2): 10-15.
Exploring the Economics of Motorcycle Helmet Laws — Implications for Low and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Hyder A.A. , Waters H. , Phillips T. , Rehwinkel J.
Published: November 2007

This paper reviews economic evaluations of motorcycle helmet interventions in preventing injuries. A comprehensive literature review focusing on the e fectiveness of motorcycle helmet use, and on mandatory helmet laws and their enforcement was done. When helmet laws were lifted between 1976-80, 48 states within the USA experienced a cost of $342,047 per excess fatality of annual net savings. Helmet laws in the USA had a benefit-cost ratio of 1.33 to 5.07. Taiwan witnessed a 14% decline in motorcycle fatalities and a 22% reduction of head injury fatalities with the introduction of a helmet law. In Thailand, where 70-90% of all crashes involve motorcycle, after enforcement of a helmet law, helmet-use increased five-fold, the number of injured motorcyclists decreased by 33.5%, head injuries decreased by 41.4%, and deaths decreased by 20.8%. There is considerable evidence that mandatory helmet laws with enforcement alleviate the burden of tra fic injuries greatly. For low and middle-income countries with high rates of motorcycle injuries, enforced, mandatory motorcycle helmet laws are potentially one of the most cost-e fective interventions available. Asia Pac J Public Health 2007; 19(2): 16—22.
Factors Associated with Inappropriate Utilisation of Emergency Department Services
Authors: Selasawati H.G. , Naing L. , Wan Aasim W.A. , Winn T. , Rusli B.N.
Published: November 2007

This study was carried out to determine the associated factors and the reasons for inappropriate utilisation of Emergency Department (ED) services at Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital. A case-control study was conducted with 170 cases from ED and 170 controls from the Outpatient Department (OPD). A self-administered questionnaire was designed and used to obtain sociodemographic data, knowledge on the functions of ED and OPD, health seeking attitude and behaviour, and reasons for seeking treatment at ED. The study found that gender, marital status, family size, shift work, perceived illness, and knowledge on the role and functions of ED and OPD were significant associated factors. The three most common reasons for inappropriate utilisation of ED were as follows: "due to severity of illness" (85%), "can't go to OPD during office hours" (42%), and "ED near my house" (27%). Asia Pac J Public Health 2007; 19(2): 29-36.
Economic Disparity and Child Survival in Cambodia
Authors: Hong R. , Mishra V. , Michael J.
Published: November 2007

Despite improvements in child survival in recent decades, levels of infant and child mortality remain unacceptably high, particularly among the poor in developing countries recovering from recent wars and civil unrests. Using information on 8,498 childbirths in five years preceding the 2000 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey, this study measured the association between economic disparity and infant mortality using multivariate Weibull regression. Results indicate that children born in the poorest 40% households were more than twice as likely to die during infancy as those born in the richest 20% households, even after controlling for pregnancy care, birth weight, household living conditions, and other factors. Children born in the middle-income households also had significantly higher mortality risks. Not receiving antenatal care and low birth weight were associated with an increased risk. Also, boys had a higher risk than girls. The study concludes that poverty is strongly negatively associated with infant survival in Cambodia. Asia Pac J Public Health 2007; 19(2): 37-44.
Revalidation of a Gender-Informed Security Reclassification Scale for Women Inmates
Authors: Gobeil Renée , Blanchette Kelley
Published: November 2007

Amid calls for gender-informed classification measures for women offenders, the Correctional Service of Canada developed and field tested the Security Reclassification Scale for Women (SRSW). In 2005, the SRSW was implemented nationally to anchor security level review decisions for federally sentenced women offenders. To reassess the scale's psychometric properties, this study used the population of 448 consecutive security reviews conducted since the scale's implementation. Results demonstrated that the SRSW continues to be a reliable measure with satisfactory convergent and predictive validity. Moreover, SRSW security classification recommendations equaled or outperformed correctional caseworker recommendations on all indices of validity.
Girls Will Be Girls
Authors: Veysey Bonita M. , Hamilton Zachary
Published: November 2007

Data on 2,303 youth participating in the New York State Mental Health/ Juvenile Justice Diversion Program were used to explore differences between girls and boys on factors commonly associated with two juvenile justice outcomes: recidivism and out-of-community placement. Bivariate analyses reveal predictable differences between justice-involved girls and boys. Pooled sex multivariate models of these outcomes show no main effect of sex. The results of the within-gender analyses reveal that the type and strength of the predictors of out-of-community placement and recidivism differ for girls and boys. Some predictors suggest even opposite effects by gender. This underscores the necessity to conduct studies of girls (and women) that are grounded in female-specific theories, using data elements derived from those theories and collecting information through gender-sensitive methodologies.
Inviting the Muse Into the Classroom: Poetic License in Management Education
Authors: Van Buskirk William , London Michael
Published: November 2007

Instructors are responsible for making teaching come to life. This article seeks to energize the classroom through an exploration of the tacit synergies between the language of poetry and the language of management. In the process, the authors delve into both the opportunities and the obstacles in bringing together two disparate discourses. As an autoethnography, the article details a journey that is both personal and professional. It includes a literature search to explore the uses and potential of poetic language, the design of a workshop to enhance the experience of poetry in management professors, and the crafting of classroom activities using poetry to elicit students' felt connections to the course material. In the end, the authors envision a style of teaching rich enough to compete for the center of students' attention—their depth, their creativity, and their stillness of mind.
How Course Portfolios Can Advance the Scholarship and Practice of Management Teaching
Authors: New J. Randolph , Clawson James G. , Coughlan Richard S. , Hoyle Joe Ben
Published: November 2007

The authors believe the development, peer review, and sharing of course portfolios can significantly improve the scholarship and teaching of management. To make this case, they provide background information about course portfolios, including origins, defining features, purposes, and potential benefits. They then identify actual portfolio projects and resources that are currently publicly available, including an Organizational Behavior course portfolio they developed. They conclude with recommendations for further action by business schools, individual faculty members, and professional organizations such as the Organizational Behavior Teaching Society and the Academy of Management.
Colorectal Cancer Screening, Intentions, and Predictors in Jewish and Arab Israelis: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Azaiza Faisal , Cohen Miri
Published: November 2007

Random samples of 358 Jews and 162 Arabs in Israel aged 50 to 75 were compared by telephone survey for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening performance and intentions. Participants completed questionnaires on CRC screening, health beliefs, health locus of control, and CRC worries; rate of CRC screening and intention to be screened proved lower among Arabs. They received fewer recommendations from physicians, perceived lower severity of CRC and lower benefits of early detection of CRC, and had lower cancer worries, lower internal health locus of control, and higher external health locus of control. Jewish/Arab ethnicity predicted ever undergoing screening and screening intention before cognitive perceptions and worries were entered. After that, perceiving higher susceptibility and more benefits to screening, and having lower external health locus of control predicted CRC screening and screening intention, which was associated with higher cancer worries. Programs should be tailored to address ethnic groups' different health beliefs.
Getting together to improve the school environment: user consultation, participatory design and student voice
Authors: Woolner Pam , Hall Elaine , Wall Kate , Dennison David
Published: November 2007

This article first investigates historical trends in both the practice and the understanding of consultation, considering the often contrasting perspectives of architects and designers, compared to teachers and educationalists. Differing assumptions held by these two broad groups of professionals can lead to conflicting aims and objectives for school buildings, even where there is determination to communicate effectively and find common ground. Our exploration of this issue will centre on the potential contribution of users of the educational environment and, in particular, what happens to the student perspective. Consultation over school buildings has tended in the past to centre on educators, and so miss out direct involvement of students (Woolner et al., 2005). However, there is increasing conviction that children should participate in decision-making (Burke and Grosvenor, 2003; Clark et al., 2003), including about school-design (DfES, 2002), and methods are being developed to do this (Wall and Higgins, 2006). The historical analysis will bring us to a point where, using the example of one school, the consultation procedure in practice can be reflected on. This will form the second element of the article, exploring consultation within the modern context of participatory school design and student voice. The experiences of a school undergoing redesign of a classroom space will be discussed in light of the dichotomy previously established, the perspective of architecture in contrast to that of education. The role of the child's view in influencing design solutions will be considered, together with the consequences for teaching and learning, consultation procedures and the re-design of school buildings.
Employing formative assessment in the classroom
Authors: Harris Linda
Published: November 2007

The Assessment is for Learning programme has been implemented by Learning and Teaching Scotland over recent years and there will be further developments throughout the Scottish curriculum up until and beyond 2007. This article re-examines the techniques of formative assessment that can progress pupil learning and appeals to teachers to review their practice against the background of the research. The purpose of this article is to encourage practitioners in all parts of the UK to embark upon a systematic review of their teaching with regard to formative assessment. In light of the research nationwide practitioners now have a plethora of effective techniques that can be embedded within all aspects of teaching in order to enhance their practice. Teachers may now wish to re-examine their own teaching with a view to exploiting the various strategies and techniques to benefit their pupils.
Migrant children's digital stories
Authors: de Leeuw Sonja , Rydin Ingegerd
Published: November 2007

This article starts out from the European research project Children in Communication about Migration (CHICAM). It addresses questions about intercultural communication via the internet and about media production as a vehicle for personal expression and identity formation among excluded youth groups. The article starts out from a cultural theoretical perspective linked to an empirical analysis, which is based on a series of selected productions made by 12 to 14-year-old refugees. The productions represent various programme genres and formats. The use of visual language such as representational conventions are highlighted in order to find out how identities are (re)created in the process of media production. The article touches upon these productions as they reflect not only experiences in dealing with cultural tensions between the 'old' and the 'new' world, but also their views on their future life and on the conditions that they find crucial in developing themselves.
Liquid identities
Authors: Ram Uri
Published: November 2007

The Mecca Cola drink combines in its brand name two contrasting iconic images: one signifies `authenticity', whereas the other signifies a `commodity'. The conspicuous juxtaposition of `Mecca' and `Cola' and their hyphenization evokes the question: what is becoming of `authenticity' in a thoroughly commodified world society? This article proposes that a distinction ought to be drawn between the effects of commodification on two distinct levels: the structural and symbolic. Whereas commodification homogenizes structurally, it heterogenizes symbolically. This article maintains that while symbolically Mecca Cola is antagonistic to Coca-Cola, structurally it is a case of an appropriation of the former by the latter. Mecca Cola thus attests to a structural `Cola-ization' accompanied by a symbolic `Mecca-ization' of current world cultures.
Television is happening
Authors: Wood Helen
Published: November 2007

The more fragmented that engagements with the media become, the more important it is to understand changing audience practices for theories of social shaping. However, capturing the ways in which audiences respond to television is challenging when current technology makes new demands on the viewer: digital television packages offer 'interactive' choices coterminous with computer interfaces. This article proposes a new methodology and demonstrates the kind of data that it makes available for studying digital television audiences. It suggests adapting the traditional metaphor of 'flow' and combining an understanding of television-as-text with television-as-technology to explore the social contexts of new textual possibilities against the backdrop of claims made about 'new media' . This is achieved by allowing the phenomenological aspects of television to inform an empirical study of television in sociocommunicative contexts. Locating mediated communication within everyday social interaction invites questions about what is new about the social shaping of the digital TV interface.
Niklas Luhmann, Carl Schmitt and the Modern Form of the Political
Authors: Thornhill Chris
Published: November 2007

Niklas Luhmann elaborated his account of the political system in a complex, though often implicit, debate with Carl Schmitt. Underlying his systems-theoretical model of politics, and of the legitimacy of politics, is the anti-Schmittian view that modern society's communications about itself are neither coordinated by, nor embodied in, a political centre, and that politics is always an unemphatic aspect of these communications. However, this article proposes an immanent critique of Luhmann's analysis of the political system, and it argues that his theory uses highly selective and puristic techniques to support its limitation of society's politics. If interpreted critically, in fact, Luhmann's political sociology illuminates the specific politicality and political emphasis of certain communications, it underlines the distinction of politics from other systems of social communication, and it calls for a re-insistence on the political as a primary category of social analysis.
The Dialectic between Romanticism and Classicism in Europe
Authors: Ossewaarde Marinus
Published: November 2007

This article provides an application of Alvin Gouldner's dialectic between Romanticism and Classicism to the constitutional process of European identity formation. Gouldner introduced his dialectical sociology in a critical attempt to destroy compulsive identification with any fixed idea of order. In an attempt to destroy compulsive identification with any Romantic or classical idea of Europe, this article shows how Europe's identity, as it has been represented in the Constitutional Treaty (CT), as well as in sociological works, is being shaped by predominant Romantic and classic thought structures and social movements. The central argument is that the dialectic between Romanticism and Classicism in Europe is most clearly observed in the debates about democracy, human rights and rule of law — the classical values that constitute the EU's entry criteria.
Habermas and the `Post-Secular Society'
Authors: Harrington Austin
Published: November 2007

The article appraises Habermas's recent writings on theology and social theory and their relevance to a new sociology of religion in the `post-secular society'. Beginning with Kant's Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone, Habermas revisits his earlier thesis of the `linguistification of the sacred', arguing for a `rescuing translation' of the traditional contents of religious language through pursuit of a via media between an overconfident project of modernizing secularization, on the one hand, and a fundamentalism of religious orthodoxies, on the other. Several questions, however, must be raised about this current project. How far can Habermas engage adequately with religious ideas of the absolute while still retaining certain broadly functionalist theoretical premises? Is the notion of an ongoing secularization process in the `post-secular society' a contradiction in terms? What appropriate `limits and boundaries' are to be accepted between the domains of knowledge and faith, and how strictly can they be drawn? How coherent is the notion of `methodological atheism', and how consistently can Habermas pursue the project of a `religious genealogy of reason'?
Philosophy for Children goes to college
Authors: Wartenberg Thomas E.
Published: November 2007

This article presents the general framework for a course at college level in which philosophy students learn to teach philosophy to students in elementary school. As well as addressing the rationale for such a course, the article outlines the organization of the course and the various requirements students in it must fulfill. In so doing, it explains how this course diverges from other ways of teaching philosophy to children. It argues that this course, in addition to providing a rewarding experience to both the College and elementary school students, addresses a need that is generally overlooked by college and university philosophy departments: providing an alternative career path for philosophy majors who are not intending to go to graduate school. Information on a website for teaching philosophy through children's literature is also provided.
Health Department Faculty Perceptions About Ethics in Professional Preparation
Authors: Marks Ray , Shive Steven E.
Published: November 2007

The purpose of this article is to report the key preliminary findings of a survey conducted among university faculty serving health education and health promotion programs. Few distinct courses in ethics are offered in graduate health education programs and even fewer are offered at the undergraduate level. Most programs address ethics throughout several courses in the program. Among those that offer distinct ethics courses, fewer than half require the course for graduation. Faculty can influence improvement in health professionals' ability to engage in ethical reflection, with the subsequent outcome of the incorporation of the necessity of ethical deliberation into health education practice.