bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le phénotypage digital pour une pratique clinique en santé mentale mieux informée
Authors: Bougeard Alan , Guay Hottin1 Rose , Houde Valérie , Jean Thierry , Piront Thibault , Potvin Stéphane , Bernard Paquito , Tourjman Valérie , De Benedictis Luigi , Orban Pierre
Published: October 2021

Objectifs Cette revue trouve sa motivation dans l’observation que la prise de décision clinique en santé mentale est limitée par la nature des mesures typiquement obtenues lors de l’entretien clinique et la difficulté des cliniciens à produire des prédictions justes sur les états mentaux futurs des patients. L’objectif est de présenter un survol représentatif du potentiel du phénotypage digital couplé à l’apprentissage automatique pour répondre à cette limitation, tout en en soulignant les faiblesses actuelles.

Méthode Au travers d’une revue narrative de la littérature non systématique, nous identifions les avancées technologiques qui permettent de quantifier, instant après instant et dans le milieu de vie naturel, le phénotype humain au moyen du téléphone intelligent dans diverses populations psychiatriques. Des travaux pertinents sont également sélectionnés afin de déterminer l’utilité et les limitations de l’apprentissage automatique pour guider les prédictions et la prise de décision clinique. Finalement, la littérature est explorée pour évaluer les barrières actuelles à l’adoption de tels outils.

Résultats Bien qu’émergeant d’un champ de recherche récent, de très nombreux travaux soulignent déjà la valeur des mesures extraites des senseurs du téléphone intelligent pour caractériser le phénotype humain dans les sphères comportementale, cognitive, émotionnelle et sociale, toutes étant affectées par les troubles mentaux. L’apprentissage automatique permet d’utiles et justes prédictions cliniques basées sur ces mesures, mais souffre d’un manque d’interprétabilité qui freinera son emploi prochain dans la pratique clinique. Du reste, plusieurs barrières identifiées tant du côté du patient que du clinicien freinent actuellement l’adoption de ce type d’outils de suivi et d’aide à la décision clinique.

Conclusion Le phénotypage digital couplé à l’apprentissage automatique apparaît fort prometteur pour améliorer la pratique clinique en santé mentale. La jeunesse de ces nouveaux outils technologiques requiert cependant un nécessaire processus de maturation qui devra être encadré par les différents acteurs concernés pour que ces promesses puissent être pleinement réalisées.
Développer la résilience chez les jeunes trans et non binaires : un modèle basé sur l’éthique de la reconnaissance d’Axel Honneth
Authors: Medico Denise
Published: October 2021

Notre objectif est de participer à la fondation des bases théoriques et empiriques des approches transaffirmatives pour les jeunes trans et non binaires (JTNB). Nous proposons un modèle dont les bases théoriques s’ancrent dans l’éthique de la reconnaissance d’Axel Honneth et dont les moyens et les outils d’intervention sont développés à partir des écrits sur les facteurs de résilience chez cette population spécifique. La recherche de ces 10 dernières années a montré que les oppressions que les JTNB vivent tout au long de leur développement ont un impact délétère sur leur santé mentale. La question qui se pose aujourd’hui aux intervenant.e.x.s est donc comment favoriser la résilience ? Pour y répondre, nous proposons quatre niveaux d’intervention basés sur les niveaux de reconnaissance sociale d’Axel Honneth et les travaux sur l'intersubjectivité en psychologie : subjectif, intersubjectif, communautaire et légal. En fonction de ces niveaux, les approches transaffirmatives développent des interventions qui ont les objectifs de favoriser : 1) un sens de soi incarné et positif par la construction identitaire et le dépassement des séquelles de la transphobie; 2) la confiance en soi par des liens interpersonnels validants; 3) l’estime de soi par la fierté d’être trans et l’ancrage communautaire; 4) le respect de soi par la possibilité de vivre dans le genre désiré en sécurité et avec équité.
#saveManifest: cuando fans –y plataformas– salvan una serie de televisión
Authors: Roig Antoni
Published: October 2021

Recientemente mantuve una conversación con la guionista de televisión Marta Gené Camps por el podcast de los Estudios de Ciencias de la Información y de la Comunicación, Parenthesis. Ella es parte del equipo creativo de las primeras tres temporadas de la serie Manifest y cuenta con una larga y apasionante experiencia en la televisión norteamericana. Hablamos de cómo funcionan las series de televisión desde dentro; qué hacen guionistas, productoras, showrunners o directoras, entre otras muchas cosas. Este artículo quiere ser un complemento al episodio, donde me centro en el fenómeno de la campaña de fans que ha salvado Manifest de la cancelación, consiguiendo que Netflix lo acoja para una macrotemporada final.
Pregled istraživanja o povezanosti socio-emocionalnih kompetencija i vršnjačog nasilja kod učenika
Authors: Lugonja Lana , Keleman Ana , Marinković Sarić Nela
Published: October 2021

Vršnjačko nasilje se definiše kao dugoročno i često ispoljavanje neprihvatljivog agresivnog ponašanja jednog djeteta prema drugom sa namjerom da se drugom djetetu naškodi. Uzevši u obzir značajno mjesto koje zauzimaju informaciono-komunikacijske tehnologije u svakodnevnom životu djece i mladih, pored vršnjačkog nasilja u školi, u ovom radu oslovljen je i problem nasilja putem interneta (engl. cyberbullying). Kao vid strategija prevencije i smanjenja vršnjačkog nasilja u školama, veoma popularni su programi zasnovani na razvoju socijalno-emocionalnih kompetencija (SEK) kod učenika. Cilj ovog rada bio je ponuditi sistemsku sintezu literature kako bi se stekao bolji uvid u odnos između socio-emocionalnih kompetencija i nasilja kod učenika. Poštujući unaprijed definisane inkluzivne kriterijume, u ovaj pregledni članak je uključeno 13 studija kvantitativnog tipa koje su objavljene u posljednjih 15 godina, u uzorku imale učenike osnovnih i srednjih škola i ispitivale odnos SEK-a i vršnjačkog nasilja. Sve studije su demonstrirale negativnu korelaciju vršnjačkog nasilja i viših socio-emocionalnih kompetencija kod učenika. Utvrđene su polne i uzrasne razlike u ispoljavanju nasilja i nivoa SEK-a. U radu su detaljno predstavljeni empirijski rezultati istraživanja, ali su i adresirane metodološke i statističke karakteristike i ograničenja navedenih studija. Na ovaj način analizirana je empirijska osnova za korišćenje programa razvoja socio-emocionalnih kompetencija sa ciljem suzbijanja vršnjačkog nasilja u školama. U diskusiji su predstavljene praktične implikacije za školsko-pedagoški kontekst, ograničenja studija, kao i smjernice za dalja istraživanja.
Sang Naga Membelit Asean: Kebijakan Ekonomi China Pasca Diterima sebagai Anggota WTO
Authors: Mursitama Tirta M. , Erwin Haura E.
Published: October 2021

Since its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), China has been playing its greater role as a new giant economy more actively in international trade and has succeeded in strengthening its economic relations with its neighboring countries including Southeast Asian countries, which are the members of ASEAN. This paper particularly discusses China's economic policies in ASEAN after China gained its membership in the WTO. We focuses mainly on the agreement on trade in goods under the scheme of ASEAN China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) and the investment agreement between China and ASEAN that affects its economic relations with ASEAN. We argue that China's economic policies in ASEAN as concrete and systematic implementation of "reform and opening up " policies initiated more than 30 years ago. Strategically, it has played one of the major and most important roles in strengthening its economic relations with ASEAN and that the state's role is the key to the success of China's economic policies in ASEAN.
Human Health Threat and Economic Vulnerability: A Case Study on the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Alamsyah Mirah Satria , Alfian Muhammad Faizal , Darussalam Miftah Farid
Published: October 2021

This paper frames the approach to determining policies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which either prioritise human health security protection or economic vulnerability. In this paper, the human security concept will be used to explain COVID-19 as a health security problem due to the existence of an existential threat. However, the same approach is not applicable in looking at COVID-19 as an economic security problem. Because the existential threat is less visible in human economic security aspects, it tends to be more appropriate to look at COVID-19 as the stressor that strengthens human vulnerabilities. This paper uses a qualitative descriptive approach by using the conceptual framework to analyse news, reports, books, and academic journals as the sources of data. The writers analyse and group the data by types of security, as well as based upon the root causes that contribute to human vulnerability, then compare both sectors. This paper argues that in the pandemic situation, human health is threatened, whereas the economy is at a vulnerable position due to COVID-19. This paper also argues that COVID-19 has not yet threatened human economic security in the early stage, but soon, it will. As a result, stakeholders need to prioritise policies based on the human health security approach.
Middle temporal vein access for transvenous embolization of Cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Kim Su-Chel , Kim Jae-Hyun , Kim Chang-Hyun , Lee Chang-Young
Published: October 2021

Transvenous endovascular treatment is the first choice for treating most cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (CDAVFs). Among several available venous routes, the inferior petrosal sinus is the most commonly used. We report a case of CDAVF treated with endovascular treatment via the middle temporal vein (MTV). A 65-year-old man presented with unilateral chemosis and exophthalmos for approximately two months. Digital subtraction angiography showed a right CDAVF with predominant venous drainage toward the right superior ophthalmic vein. The superior ophthalmic vein primarily drained into the dilated MTV. Both sides of the inferior petrosal sinus were occluded; therefore, transvenous embolization was performed via the MTV route. The fistula was completely obliterated. The patient’s symptoms improved and the postoperative course was uneventful. The transfemoral approach via the MTV to treat CDAVF provides a crucial alternative when other venous routes are difficult or impossible to navigate with a catheter.
Par3 cooperates with Sanpodo for the assembly of Notch clusters following asymmetric division of Drosophila sensory organ precursor cells
Authors: Houssin Elise , Pinot Mathieu , Bellec Karen , Le Borgne Roland
Published: October 2021

In multiple cell lineages, Delta-Notch signalling regulates cell fate decisions owing to unidirectional signalling between daughter cells. In Drosophila pupal sensory organ lineage, Notch regulates the intra-lineage pIIa/pIIb fate decision at cytokinesis. Notch and Delta that localise apically and basally at the pIIa-pIIb interface are expressed at low levels and their residence time at the plasma membrane is in the order of minutes. How Delta can effectively interact with Notch to trigger signalling from a large plasma membrane area remains poorly understood. Here, we report that the signalling interface possesses a unique apico-basal polarity with Par3/Bazooka localising in the form of nano-clusters at the apical and basal level. Notch is preferentially targeted to the pIIa-pIIb interface, where it co-clusters with Bazooka and its cofactor Sanpodo. Clusters whose assembly relies on Bazooka and Sanpodo activities are also positive for Neuralized, the E3 ligase required for Delta activity. We propose that the nano-clusters act as snap buttons at the new pIIa-pIIb interface to allow efficient intra-lineage signalling.
Proof of concept for multiple nerve transfers to a single target muscle
Authors: Luft Matthias , Klepetko Johanna , Muceli Silvia , Ibáñez Jaime , Tereshenko Vlad , Festin Christopher , Laengle Gregor , Politikou Olga , Maierhofer Udo , Farina Dario , Aszmann Oskar C , Bergmeister Konstantin Davide
Published: October 2021

Surgical nerve transfers are used to efficiently treat peripheral nerve injuries, neuromas, phantom limb pain, or improve bionic prosthetic control. Commonly, one donor nerve is transferred to one target muscle. However, the transfer of multiple nerves onto a single target muscle may increase the number of muscle signals for myoelectric prosthetic control and facilitate the treatment of multiple neuromas. Currently, no experimental models are available. This study describes a novel experimental model to investigate the neurophysiological effects of peripheral double nerve transfers to a common target muscle. In 62 male Sprague-Dawley rats, the ulnar nerve of the antebrachium alone (n=30) or together with the anterior interosseus nerve (n=32) was transferred to reinnervate the long head of the biceps brachii. Before neurotization, the motor branch to the biceps’ long head was transected at the motor entry point. Twelve weeks after surgery, muscle response to neurotomy, behavioral testing, retrograde labeling, and structural analyses were performed to assess reinnervation. These analyses indicated that all nerves successfully reinnervated the target muscle. No aberrant reinnervation was observed by the originally innervating nerve. Our observations suggest a minimal burden for the animal with no signs of functional deficit in daily activities or auto-mutilation in both procedures. Furthermore, standard neurophysiological analyses for nerve and muscle regeneration were applicable. This newly developed nerve transfer model allows for the reliable and standardized investigation of neural and functional changes following the transfer of multiple donor nerves to one target muscle.
Positional changes in the uvula tip after adenotonsillectomy in children: preliminary result
Authors: Chang Suk Won , Song Chan Il , Kim Jeong Hong , Lim Gil-Chai , Kang Ju Wan
Published: October 2021

Background

Adenotonsillectomy has become the primary treatment for children with sleep-disordered breathing or obstructive sleep apnea. However, few studies have investigated positional changes in the soft palate or uvula after adenotonsillectomy in children. The present study aimed to evaluate positional changes in the uvula tip using cephalometric analyses after adenotonsillectomy in children.

Methods

We analyzed 160 pediatric patients from December 2015 to July 2016, with 94 pediatric patients who underwent adenotonsillectomy as the experimental group and 66 children who were treated and followed up with frequent tonsillitis as the control group. Positional changes in the uvula tip after surgery in the adenotonsillectomy group were investigated using lateral cephalograms obtained within 1 month before surgery and 3–4 months after surgery. Two lateral cephalogram intervals for a few months in the control group who did not undergo adenotonsillectomy were analyzed.

Results

The palatal length (23.92 ± 3.47 vs. 24.46 ± 3.26; p = 0.032), palatal angle (43.13 ± 7.76 vs. 46.12 ± 5.91; p < 0.001), and retrouvula length (15.60 ± 3.51 vs. 16.60 ± 2.97; p = 0.009) were significantly increased on postoperative images relative to those on preoperative images. In the control group, there was a significant change in the palatal angle (2.99 ± 5.85 vs. 0.27 ± 4.14; p < 0.001) and retrouvula length (0.99 ± 3.64 vs. 0.05 ± 1.44; p = 0.025), but not in the palatal length (0.58 ± 2.38 vs. 0.043 ± 1.26; p = 0.065).

Conclusion

The findings of the present study suggest that the uvula tip is displaced in the anteroinferior direction 3 or 4 months after adenotonsillectomy in children. Thus, clinicians should be aware that the retropalatal space may expand after adenotonsillectomy in the pediatric population.
Evaluation of Intraocular Pressure Changes with Topical Dexamethasone 0.1%, Prednisolone 1% and Difluprednate 0.05% Postcataract Surgery- A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Mahajan Sachit , Kai Sanjay , Choudhary Sadaf , Bala Kiran , Sahni Bhavna
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Topical corticosteroids are most commonly used for the control of postoperative inflammation after cataract surgery. Topical steroids may cause increase in Intraocular Pressure (IOP) which, if left untreated may lead to progressive optic nerve damage and glaucomatous field defects. Aim: To compare the ocular hypertensive response of three commonly used corticosteroids in an effort to generate evidence for managing postcataract surgery inflammation more effectively. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical trial was carried out for a period of one year from November 2018 to October 2019, among 150 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Patients were divided into three groups. Group A-50 patients received topical dexamethasone 0.1%, Group B-50 patients received topical prednisolone 1% and Group C-50 patients received topical difluprednate 0.05% four times a day for six weeks after cataract surgery. Postoperative IOP was recorded preoperatively, on first postoperative day and at the end of first week, third week and sixth week with non contact tonometer and statistical significance was assessed with the help of repeated measures mixed model Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: The mean age of the patients was 64.4±9.39 years, 48% were males and 52% patients were females. Mean IOP in the three drug groups was not statistically significant at 1st week, 3rd week and at 6th week after cataract surgery. Two patients belonging to difluprednate group at the end of 1st week and one patient at the end of 3rd week after cataract surgery developed significant rise in IOP (>31 mmHg). Conclusion: It can be concluded that all three steroids were equally safe and did not cause any statistically significant rise in IOP over six-week postoperative period. However, higher values were noted in difluprednate group at the end of first and third week after cataract surgery.
APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA CRÍTICA NO ENSINO DOS NÚMEROS E SEUS CONJUNTOS / CRITICAL MEANINGFUL LEARNING IN NUMBERS AND THEIR SETS TEACHING
Authors: Chirone Adriana Regina da Rocha , Moreira Marco Antonio , Sahelices Concesa Caballero
Published: October 2021

Esse trabalho faz parte de um estudo doutoral em andamento realizado em aulas de matemática do 8º ano de uma escola no Estado de Roraima, Brasil. Tem como objetivo analisar a compreensão que os estudantes têm dos números e seus conjuntos, fundamentada na Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa (TAS) de Ausubel e na Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa Crítica (TASC) de Moreira. Os instrumentos utilizados para coleta de dados foram: uma prova de lápis e papel e uma autoavaliação. As análises dos resultados serão discutidas a partir dos princípios da TASC e do modelo triádico de Gowin (1981), com o compartilhamento de significados dos alunos em relação aos números e seus conjuntos. Para tanto serão apresentados os resultados do diagnóstico inicial, uma proposta de Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa (UEPS) e um modelo de avaliação. Buscaram-se evidências de que a sequência didática apresentada neste trabalho alcançou seu objetivo.
FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES: UMA ABORDAGEM A PARTIR DA PRAXIS DOCENTE / CONTINUING TEACHER TRAINING: AN APPROACH FROM THE TEACHING PRAXIS
Authors: Alberto Simão , Placido Placido Leandro , Placido Ivonete Telles Medeiros
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho busca discutir a profissão docente a partir de um escopo sobre a prática pedagógica inovadora e emancipatória, visando a problematização das realidades dos sujeitos envolvidos (educador e educandos), especialmente a práxis docente. Trata-se de uma reflexão teórica, balizada em pesquisa bibliográfica que dialoga com teóricos clássicos da educação contemporânea, e que apresenta questões sobre a formação da identidade docente na relação com a práxis educativa enquanto formação reflexiva. Essa é uma perspectiva que, portanto, contraria a prática pedagógica conservadora que ainda é dominante no interior de boa parte das instituições escolares. Neste sentido o presente texto destaca a necessidade de serem adotadas iniciativas que valorizem o saber-fazer pedagógico, ou seja, a práxis do professor, cujo objetivo consiste no resgate da identidade profissional do docente, através de uma formação sólida e competente.
PILOT PLANT SCALE-UP STUDIES FOR PARENTERAL - A REVIEW
Authors: Manikandan V.
Published: October 2021

The dosage form of parenteral is sterile and gives a quick beginning of activity and gives an immediate action to accomplishing the medication impact inside the body. The route of parenteral administration is the most well-known and productive route for the conveyance of dynamic medication substances with poor bioavailability and medications with a tight therapeutic index. The principal objective of the technique was to endeavour to talk about the different procedures needed for the pilot plant production considers. The pilot plant is the term that is normally more modest than large-scale production plants yet it is the underlying scope of sizes. It is planned for learning, and making the definitions on a limited scale to accomplish the relationship with the enormous scope production, and they are normally more adaptable perhaps to the detriment of the economy. Most of the pilot plants are implicit in the maker's own research centres of the manufacturer utilizing stock lab hardware. These pilot plant studies are performed by using a technology transfer (TT) documentation report which is made by the research and development department for product development. Hence, this process would meet product quality, safety, and efficacy and further this production techniques will transfer to large-scale production for parenteral preparation.
Batch Adsorption Assessment of Neem Nut Carbon for Abating Chromium(VI) in Wastewater
Authors: Beulah S. Sophie , Muthukumaran K.
Published: October 2021

Discharge of Cr(VI) laden effluents is highly toxic and decontaminating the wastewater from Cr(VI) is necessary for Environmental Protection. An investigation on the adsorption characteristics of activated carbon prepared from neem nut (NNC) for the removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater by varying the parameters such as carbon dose, pH, equilibration time by batch studies was found to be effective for the removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater. Carbon characteristics of activated neem nut carbon were ascertained. Evaluation were done by varying the pH from 1 to 6, carbon dose from 0.1 g to 0.5 g and equilibration time from 1 to 6 hours. Maximum Cr(VI) removal of 95% took place when batch studies were done at an optimal pH of 2, carbon dose of 0.2 g//100mL, and equilibration time of 4 hours. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models were considered for analysis.
Factors Responsible for Participation of Self Help Group Farmers in Vegetables and Fruits Promotion Council Kerala, India
Authors: Merline F. L. , Balasubramaniam P. , Nirmala Devi M. , Mohanraj V.
Published: October 2021

Self Help Groups (SHGs) are farmer-led cooperatives in which all members work together to solve issues and take advantage of opportunities through participatory action following cooperative decision-making for the members' overall growth. In this context, a study was conducted in Palakkad district of Kerala to identify the factors responsible for the participation of farmer members in SHGs of Vegetables and Fruits Promotion Council Kerala (VFPCK). A proportionate random sampling technique was employed to collect data from 68 respondents and analyzed using mean score then ranked accordingly. The factors like economic, social, personal, organizational and marketing factors may be responsible for members to participate in VFPCK. The results of analysis revealed that marketing, organizational and economic factors were the important factors responsible for the participation of farmer members in VFPCK. Membership to a farmers’ group improves access to technology, training and output markets and consequently increasing expected profits. The results of this study have implications as to which factors need to be addressed to encourage farmers to participate in the SHGs of VFPCK.
Educational Analysis of Young EFL Learners during COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: Rooting Its Effect
Authors: Bajri Ibtesam Abdul Aziz
Published: October 2021

This study was undertaken to pave the way for an enlightened understanding of the effects and reflections of COVID-19 with respect to the educational landscape in terms of distance and online learning set up/learning resources, professional development, management and parental involvement. The researcher employs a mixed-methods approach by utilizing Creswell's [1] explanatory sequential design. There are 100 respondents selected for purposive sampling, which included teachers, students, parents, and school admin staff. The data was collected from 5 cities located in different regions of Saudi Arabia. Based on the results, the study shows that distance and online learning set-up really have a positive impact on students in the Saudi Community. These kind of educational endeavors develop skills for independent learning and they become well-equipped with online learning techniques and styles. It is quite obvious that students hold positive views towards online classes. However, teachers need to enhance their skills when it comes to instructional tools, especially in using computers which is necessary in an online class. Though the school management provides a relevant answer to the queries of students, parents and teachers, the school management should provide support to authorized bodies or the community. In this study, parental intervention was not significant and useful for the students’ assessments. However, parents expect a high standard of performance from their children. It can be revealed in this part that parental intervention is not useful for students’ assessment. In doing so, parents should also limit setting a standard of performance for their children. This might affect the emotional performance of a child. Aside from material support, parents should continue to provide emotional support to their children, especially in these trying times.
Evaluation of In vitro Antioxidant and Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis of Methanol Leaf Extract of Fadogia cienkowskii Scheinf Fam. Rubiaceae
Authors: Chukwube Vincent O. , Okonta Elejeje O. , O. Ezugwu Christopher , Odoh Uchenna E.
Published: October 2021

Aim: Fadogia cienkowskii Scheinf has been used in ethno medicine for the treatment of pyrexia, convulsion in children, inflammation and malaria. The aim of this work is to ascertain the presence of some phytochemicals in the leaf of Fadogia cienkowskii Scheinf and to investigate the antioxidant property of the methanol leaf extract of the plant. 

Study Design: This work was designed to investigate the presence of some phytochemicals in the plant and to further evaluate the antioxidant property of the methanol leaf extract of the plant using three models.

Methodology: The pulverized leaves (1 kg) was extracted with 5.0 L of 95% methanol employing cold maceration technique. The extract obtained was dried using rotatory evaporator.    

Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical evaluations were carried out using standard methods. Antioxidant capacity was investigated using 2,2 diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power and total antioxidant capacity models.   

Results: The percentage yield of extract is 20%. Flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids and steroids were present in the extract. Total phenol concentration was 0.55+ 0.13 ug/ml. The amount of flavonoid was 3.28+0.01 g by gravimetry with sample weight of 5+0.02 gm. The antioxidant activity of the plant methanol leaf extract showed maximal effect as demonstrated by its EC 50 of 3.811+0.03 ug/ml compared with the ascorbic acid standard 4.989+0.02 ug/ml using DPPH method. This result was validated by the FRAP and TAC models. 

Conclusion: The presence of polyphenolic biomolecular compounds in the extract confirms the use of the plant in Ethnomedicine.
Improving Food and Nutrition Security in Kenya’s Arid Lands-A Mini Review
Authors: Lokuruka Michael N. I.
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a review of the literature on food and nutrition security in Kenya’s arid counties. It also provides strategies that can be adopted to improve food and nutrition security in the counties. Due to their aridity, they are associated with low economic, health, literacy and food and nutrition security indicators. They bear the brunt of food and nutrition insecurity and a proportionately higher percentage of their population faces starvation, whenever droughts occur. Stunting and wasting in the region’s children averages 28 and 14%, respectively. The figures compare poorly with the national averages of 4% and 11%, respectively. As the indices are related to quantity, diversity and quality of food intake, there is need to reduce food and nutrition insecurity in these Counties. Past efforts to reduce food and nutrition insecurity have failed, due to lack of long-term commitment from the National-level of Government, the use of inefficient farming technologies and low level of mechanization. Poverty, low and unpredictable rainfall for rain-fed agriculture, inconsistent livestock marketing of poor quality livestock, high crop production costs, high food prices also contribute to food and nutrition insecurity of the region. To improve food and nutrition security, it is recommended that the National-level of Government cedes the implementation of food production programmes to County Governments, while it strengthens food production policies, diversification of livelihoods and supports resilience-building. Other recommendations include innovating solar and wind-power devices to run machinery for food production, processing and preservation. Improvements in water harvesting, storage and pumping with wind and solar-powered equipment can also be explored. These improvements should eventually reduce dependence on food importation, which raises food prices, and de-incentivizes local farmers. Diversification of livelihoods, good governance and the application of appropriate technologies in food production, value addition and cooperation of the two levels of Government, are likely to gradually improve access and availability of quality and affordable food. The potential result is an improving food and nutrition security situation in Kenya’s arid Counties.
Perceptions of Pre-service Teachers toward Teaching and Learning Mathematics in Bhutan
Authors: Dorji Karma , Wangchuk Karma
Published: October 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the perceptions of teaching and learning Mathematics by the pre-service Mathematics teachers in Bhutan. The research has employed quantitative methods. A five-point Likert scale survey questionnaire was administered to collect the data. The participants included both male and female pre-service Mathematics teachers from 2 colleges of education in Bhutan aged 18-29 (N = 261). In order to examine the perceptions of Mathematics, the mean interpretation developed by Roble and Bacabac (2016) was used and found that perceptions of pre-service teachers teaching and learning Mathematics were high indicating they enjoy teaching and learning Mathematics. The analysis also showed that there was no significant difference between male and female pre-service teachers perceptions toward teaching and learning Mathematics in Bhutan. Further, the findings also indicated there was no significant difference in perceptions of teaching and learning Mathematics between pre-service teachers at College A and College B. The College of Education might consider devoting additional attention to improving teaching practices in order to experience the real classroom scenario.
Premilinary Phytochemical Study of Different Extracts of One Medicinal Plant Cissus quadrangularis
Authors: Arunagiri Saranya , Srinivasan K. S.
Published: October 2021

Herbal plants are the most valuable resources to prevent from many illness and to treat the many disorders in humans. Cissus quadrangularis is a one of the traditional medicine and belonging to vitaceae family. In Ayurvedha medicinal system this plant is used to treat many diseases like diabetes, snake bites, rheumatic pain, cardiovascular diseases. Cissus quadrangularis used as anticancer properties against MG63 human osteocarcinoma cells. Stem of the Cissus quadrangularis is an edible vegetable and the plant commonly called as ‘bone setter’. Our present study was analyzed the primary phyto constituents present the different solvents of Cissus quadrangularis and antioxidant activity. Three different extracts aqueous, methanol and ethanol were used to find out the phytoconstituents and antioxidant properties. The results were reveals that the plant Cissus quadrangularis consists of numerous primary and secondary phytoconstituents. Flavonoids and tannins were found to be higher in ethanol extracts, legnings, saponins was high in methanol extracts. Antioxidant study also reveals ethanol extracts shows more antioxidant activity than other two solvents.
Effect of Muscle Energy Technique versus Motor Control Exercise Adjunct to Conventional Therapy on Pain, Range of Motion and Functional Disability in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain – A Research Protocol
Authors: Jain Deepak , Patil Deepali , Phansopkar Pratik
Published: October 2021

Background: Physical, neuropathic, or secondary causes can all contribute to neck difficulty. Any other illness might be acute 6 weeks, subacute 3 months, or chronic (lasting more than 6 weeks) (lasting up to three months). Physical consequences, life-distressing or non-life- distressing causes, large and small factors, reliable and inaccurate neck pain. Motor control is a motor retraining programme that focuses on the neck flexors, extensors, and shoulder girdle muscle's coordination and holding skills. MET is a treatment method that makes use of the patient's muscles contracting in a specific, directed manner against a therapist-applied counterforce.

Methodology: The participants in the study will be enrolled of 50 patients who suffer from prolonged neck pain. And each group will be split into 25 people. One group will get MET for four weeks, whilst the other will get MCE and traditional treatment. Pain, ROM, and Functional Disability will be reviewed using a methodical approach.

Conclusion: We need to see how this experiment affects people of MET versus MCT in addition to conventional therapy core on pain, ROM and functional Impairment on neck discomfort that persists. In conclusion, the focus of this research is to find out the efficacy of MET versus MCT in addition to standard therapy, as well as its impact on chronic Neck discomfort has a negative impact on one's quality of life. This study will aid in the relief of chronic neck pain.
Impact of Skill Training Programme (STP) Regarding Postnatal Care of Mothers Who Underwent Lower Segment Caesarean Section on Competencies among Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Sahoo Banapriya , Devi Akoijam Mamata , Devi Haobijam Madhubala
Published: October 2021

Background:  In the twenty-first century, Caesarean section is the most frequent operation in obstetrics. Throughout the twentieth century, Caesarean sections have proven to be one of the most efficient abdominal procedures. Over the last three decades, the number of caesarean sections has risen considerably. Around the world, the number of caesarean sections performed is on the rise. From 2003 to 2018, it is more than doubled, reaching a peak of 21% and is growing at a rate of 4% every year. Today’s student nurse will become future nurse, so it’s vital create them competent while providing care to the mothers after lower section caesarean section.

Objective: To assess current competencies among students on postnatal care of mothers who underwent lower section caesarean section in study group , to assess the impact of the skill training programme on the competencies of students in focused group & to find out the association between post-test competencies with the demographic variables of students of study group.

Methods and Materials: The quasi-experimental with non-equivalent pre-test post-test design study was conducted on 30 students in each of experimental and control group by convenient sampling technique in two nursing institutions at Gurugram, Haryana.

Results: Experimental group subjects enhanced the level of knowledge from 11.6 to 17.8 and their skill from 11.7 to 35.5 after implementing the skilled training programme, while the control group showed no improvement. There is a statistically significant transformation between the pre-test and post-test scores. Paired sample ‘t’ test was used to observe differences between pre and post-test mean scores. Students with prior knowledge were more competent, which is statistically noteworthy with a P value of < 0.001. Age, sex, religion, parents' education, and home location are not significant demographic characteristics. The Pearson chi square test was used to determine statistical significance.

Conclusion: Skill training not only enhance knowledge in a specific field, but then also clarifies students how to network, accomplish to timeline, and connect efficiently with people. A competent student nurse can become a competent staff nurse by developing skill through effecting skill training program during study period.
Efficacy of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique Versus Mulligan Mobilization on Pain and Functional Disability in Subjects with Non-Specific Low Back Pain –A Research Protocol
Authors: Chitale Neha , Patil Deepali , Phansopkar Pratik
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Pain in lower back region is a problem everyone deals with at least once in their life. Chronic back pain in lower back region is the pain which is present for more than 3 months. We can divide lower back pain as specific back pain or non-specific back pain. Non-specific pain in lower back region is because of unknown origin. Treating low back pain is a main challenge physiotherapist faces. Mulligan mobilization is a techniques used to facilitate range of motion and reducing pain whereas integrated neuromuscular inhibition is a technique used to treat any abnormality in muscle.

Methodology: 80 participants with non-specific low back pain will be included. Integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique will be given to Group A and group B will get mulligan mobilization. Group A will have 40 participants and Group B will have 40 participants. Treatment will be given for 6 weeks and pain and functional disability will be documented and statistical analysis will be done.

Discussion: In this study integrated neuromuscular inhibition and mulligan mobilization’s efficacy will be seen in subjects with chronic non- specific lower back pain on pain and functional disability using modified oswestry scale for functional disability and numeric pain rating scale for pain.

Conclusion: Conclusion will be drawn post study as which technique of mulligan mobilization and integrated neuromuscular inhibition is better to reduce disability and pain in patients with non-specific lower back pain. This study will give a better approach to the physiotherapist in managing the low back pain
Unique Serum Immune Phenotypes and Stratification of Oklahoma Native American Rheumatic Disease Patients
Authors: Slight‐Webb Samantha , Guthridge Carla J. , Kheir Joseph , Chen Hua , Tran Ly , Gross Tim , Roberts Virginia , Khan Sohail , Peercy Michael , Saunkeah Bobby , Guthridge Joel M. , James Judith A.
Published: October 2021

Objective

Native American (NA) populations have higher rates of rheumatic disease and present with overlapping disease symptoms and nontraditional serologic features, thus presenting an urgent need for better biomarkers in NA diagnostics. This study used a machine learning approach to identify immune signatures that more effectively stratify NA patients with rheumatic disease.

Methods

Adult NA patients with autoantibody‐positive (AAB+) rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n = 28), autoantibody negative (AAB−) RA (n = 18), systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (n = 28), arthralgia/osteoarthritis (n = 28), or polyarthritis/undifferentiated connective tissue disease (n = 28), and control patients (n = 28) provided serum samples for cytokine, chemokine, and AAB assessment. Random forest clustering and soluble mediator groups were used to identify patients and control patients with similar biologic signatures. The American College of Rheumatology criteria specific for systemic disease and RA identified differences in disease manifestations across clusters.

Results

Serum soluble mediators were not homogenous between different NA rheumatic disease diagnostic groups, reflecting the heterogeneity of autoimmune diseases. Clustering by serum biomarkers created 5 analogous immune phenotypes. Soluble mediators and pathways associated with chronic inflammation and involvement of the innate, B cell, T follicular helper cell, and interferon‐associated pathways, along with regulatory signatures, distinguished the 5 immune signatures among patients. Select clinical features were associated with individual immune profiles. Patients with low inflammatory and higher regulatory signatures were more likely to have few clinical manifestations, whereas those with T cell pathway involvement had more arthritis.

Conclusion

Serum protein signatures distinguished NA patients with rheumatic disease into distinct immune subsets. Following these immune profiles over time may assist with earlier diagnoses and help guide more personalized treatment approaches.
Shining Light on Porous Liquids: From Fundamentals to Syntheses, Applications and Future Challenges
Authors: Wang Dechao , Xin Yangyang , Yao Dongdong , Li Xiaoqian , Ning Hailong , Zhang Hongmin , Wang Yudeng , Ju Xiaoqian , He Zhongjie , Yang Zhiyuan , Fan Wendi , Li Peipei , Zheng Yaping
Published: September 2021

Porous liquids (PLs), an emerging type of flowing liquid materials that combine the merits of porous solids and flowing liquids, have garnered immense attention since the concept of PLs was proposed in 2007. Meanwhile, PLs have witnessed growing success in versatile synthesis strategies and emerging applications, especially since 2017. Given the lack of a timely comprehensive review, developing a prompt summary with a comprehensive understanding is undoubtedly urgent. Thus, this critical review offers a comprehensive summary of the progress in fundamental chemistry, developmental history, synthetic strategies, and emerging applications of PLs. First, the fundamental chemistry and developmental history are reviewed. Then, the synthesis strategies of PLs are highlighted. Additionally, crosscutting studies of pure theoretical simulations are reviewed. Meanwhile, the daunting characterization issues of PLs are analyzed. Next, the state‐of‐the‐art of PLs applications is reviewed in detail. In the end, perspectives regarding the remaining challenges and future directions for PLs are presented. It is speculated that this critical comprehensive review of PLs could inspire scientific communities who focus on the task‐specific materials for various applications, such as gas sorption, membrane separation, catalytic conversion, chiral separation, thermal management and electrolyte, and so on.
In Situ Management of Ions Migration to Control Hysteresis Effect for Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Yichuan , Zhou Wencai , Chen Xiaoqing , Zhang Xiaobo , Gao Hongli , Ouedraogo Nabonswende Aida Nadege , Zheng Zilong , Han Chang Bao , Zhang Yongzhe , Yan Hui
Published: October 2021

As one of the most promising photovoltaic materials, the efficiency of inorganic–organic hybrid halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached 25.5% in 2020. However, the stability and hysteresis remain primary challenges before it can become a commercial photovoltaic technology. Therefore, those issues have drawn significant attention for photovoltaic applications. In this work, a study of the PSCs hysteresis improvement is presented based on a combination of first‐principles simulations, scanning electron microscopy images, and time‐dependent photocurrent measurements. It indicates the hysteresis led by the ion migration and accumulation is mainly localized at the two interfaces: one is between electron transport layer and active layer, and the other is between active layer and hole transport layer. Considering the massive defects at the grain boundaries (GBs), they lower the potential barriers significantly. The defect density at GBs is therefore reduced via the in situ passivation of PbI2 crystals. The hysteresis index is decreased from 22.43% down to 1.04%, and results in an improvement in efficiency from 17.12% up to 20.10%. Following the understanding of defect‐induced hysteresis, an approach to improve the hysteresis is provided, which can be integrated into the fabrication process and widely applied to enhance the performance of PSCs.
Engineering Nano‐ and Microparticles as Oral Delivery Vehicles to Promote Intestinal Lymphatic Drug Transport
Authors: Miao Yang‐Bao , Lin Yu‐Jung , Chen Kuan‐Hung , Luo Po‐Kai , Chuang Shun‐Hao , Yu Yu‐Tzu , Tai Hsien‐Meng , Chen Chiung‐Tong , Lin Kun‐Ju , Sung Hsing‐Wen
Published: October 2021

Targeted oral delivery of a drug via the intestinal lymphatic system (ILS) has the advantages of protecting against hepatic first‐pass metabolism of the drug and improving its pharmacokinetic performance. It is also a promising route for the oral delivery of vaccines and therapeutic agents to induce mucosal immune responses and treat lymphatic diseases, respectively. This article describes the anatomical structures and physiological characteristics of the ILS, with an emphasis on enterocytes and microfold (M) cells, which are the main gateways for the transport of particulate delivery vehicles across the intestinal epithelium into the lymphatics. A comprehensive overview of recent advances in the rational engineering of particulate vehicles, along with the challenges and opportunities that they present for improving ILS drug delivery, is provided, and the mechanisms by which such vehicles target and transport through enterocytes or M cells are discussed. The use of naturally sourced materials, such as yeast microcapsules and their derived polymeric β‐glucans, as novel ILS‐targeting delivery vehicles is also reviewed. Such use is the focus of an emerging field of research. Their potential use in the oral delivery of nucleic acids, such as mRNA vaccines, is proposed.
Fabrication of Millimeter Thick Polymer‐Based Thermoelectric Devices by Solvent‐Free Printing
Authors: Suemori Kouji , Nobeshima Taiki , Uemura Sei , Fukuda Nobuko
Published: October 2021

Solution‐processable polymer‐based materials allow the fabrication of flexible, light‐weight, and large‐area thermoelectric devices (TEDs). However, solution fabrication processes of polymer‐based materials involve the drying of an organic solvent, which induces an unfavorable material orientation and hinders the formation of a thick thermoelectric layer. These limitations significantly deteriorate the performance of polymer‐based TEDs. In this paper, a polymer‐based TED, fabricated by solvent‐free printing (SFP)—a technique that eliminates the solvent drying process—is reported. A carbon nanotube (CNT)–polymer composite, which is a typical polymer‐based thermoelectric material, has been fabricated by a two‐step process. The deposition of a suspension, composed of CNTs and a liquid polymer precursor, on a substrate is followed by the solidification of the liquid polymer precursor via a cross‐linking reaction. This technique does not involve the drying of organic solvents. Therefore, thermoelectric materials with random material orientation and thicknesses of greater than 1 mm are obtained. The SFP‐fabricated polymer‐based TED exhibits an electric power that is more than four orders of magnitude higher than that of a thin‐layered TED fabricated via a conventional solution process. This work facilitates the realization of various applications of polymer‐based TEDs, such as wearable power sources that can convert body heat to electricity.