bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Development of B2 Ti50Pd50−xMx (M = Os, Ru, Co) as Potential High-Temperature Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Diale Ramogohlo , Ngoepe Phuti , Chauke Hasani
Published: November 2023

In this chapter, the stability and phase transformation of B2 Ti50Pd50-xMx (M = Os, Ru, Co) alloys are investigated using density functional theory. TiPd alloy can be suitable for high-temperature shape memory applications due to its martensitic transformation capability from B2 to B19 at 823 K. It was reported that the binary Ti50Pd50 alloy is mechanically unstable at 0 K. A partial substitution of Pd with Os, Ru, or Co is investigated to determine which alloy will have the best properties. The heat of formation, density of states, and mechanical properties were determined to check the stability. The heat of formation was found to decrease with an increase in Ru and Os concentrations (condition of stability), consistent with the density of states trend. This is in contrast to Co addition, which indicates that the thermodynamic stability is not enhanced (heat of formation increases). It was also found that an increase in Os, Ru, and Co content stabilizes the Ti50Pd50 with a positive elastic shear modulus (C′>0) above 18.25, 20, and 31 at.%, respectively. This book chapter will provide valuable insights to guide experiments in the design and development of alloys.
The Effect of Micro/Nano Roughness on Antifouling and Bactericidal Surfaces
Authors: I. Garcia-Gonzalez Reyna , R. Crick Colin
Published: November 2023

The importance of microorganisms, especially bacteria, has often been underestimated, yet they have vital roles in staying in the environment and affecting human health and industries. These microorganisms have complex systems and change quickly over time, becoming more resistant. The spread of harmful microorganisms has negative effects on industries and human health. Even microorganisms that seem harmless can be a big problem because they are becoming more resistant to normal cleaning and antibiotics. They resist ways like creating strong biofilms, which make these microorganisms even tougher and help infections spread. Although there are other options like using heat or chemicals, the problem of bacterial resistance is still a big worry for health and industries. Trying out new ideas that do not use chemicals or antibiotics, like using superhydrophobic surfaces, could be a big solution. These surfaces use both special chemicals and changes in how they feel to water to stop bacteria from sticking and growing. By looking for new ways, we can get better at dealing with these microorganisms and find better ways to live with them.
The Synergy of Data Science, GIS Spatial Analysis and Knowledge Management as a Path to Sustainability Insights
Authors: B.O. Osman Mohamed
Published: November 2023

This chapter focuses on data science, GIS-based spatial analysis, and knowledge management (KM) threesome and its potential contributions to sustainability insights. Discussion commenced with tracing the historical evolution and essentiality of geography for comprehending environmental and social dimensions of sustainability. Then, argumentation delved into the interplay among the threesome’s domains and their contributions to sustainability achievement. A prolonged elaboration was provided on geospatial data analytics, visualization, geospatial data mining, and predictive models and their significance for extracting informative and meaningful insights. Since data science has transformed and enriched most scientific disciplines, its empowering implications on GIS were explained. Spatial analysis, therefore, occupied a central position and enabled advanced GIS technique utilization to reveal patterns, relationships, and trends in geospatial data. Furthermore, the chapter explained the interdependent relationships between GIS and KM. Integrating GIS and KM techniques has revolutionized geospatial data organization, visualization, and dissemination and enhanced applications of decision support, environmental planning, and others. The Nexus of this threesome, therefore, serves as a roadmap for solving issues of intricate spatial problems via modeling and informed decisions. The chapter stressed and concluded that the integrated fusion of data science, GIS, and KM provides a robust framework and ideal tools supporting sustainability.
Understanding Children’s Sexual Signals and Behavior
Authors: M. Crittenden Patricia , Landini Andrea
Published: November 2023

Increasingly children come to professional attention because they use ‘sexually harmful behaviour’. Such children are treated as dangerous to others rather than as neglected or abandoned children who use sexualized behavior to fast-track connection to protective adults. We present case examples, arranged developmentally from infancy to puberty. All had standardized video-recorded assessments of attachment that reliable and blinded coders coded. In addition, we have information about the parents’ history that helps to explain their behavior. We also review neurology to understand how smell and touch affect sexualized behavior. We conclude that children’s sexualized behavior is not usually motivated by sexual desire. Instead, it appears to serve attachment functions for children whose needs for adult protection and comfort have not been met - by their parents or by the professionals who placed them in care. We close with recommendations for research and for professional practice.
Disasters and Housing Infrastructure: Evidence from the 2010 Chilean Earthquake
Authors: Yanina Scapini Sánchez Valeria , Leonor Vergara Silva Cinthya
Published: November 2023

In 2010, a severe earthquake occurred in Chile that brought high-impact destruction effects in the affected areas. It has studied the damage to homes, the determiners of the cost of reconstruction, and how households finance reconstruction using the Casen post-earthquake 2010 panel survey. A probit and an OLS model were used. The results show that houses closest to the epicentre were the most affected, where damage increased when roofs and walls were in worse condition or with more vulnerable materials. The reconstruction costs are related to the degree of destruction, the distance to the epicentre, the condition of the walls before the event and the house’s value. Provinces with more bank branches are associated with a lower cost. Bank credit is more likely to be used to rebuild in urban areas, when the head of the household has more years of education and when the repair cost is higher. Own savings will be used when there is no insurance, the higher the income of the head of household and the lower repair costs. Finally, subsidies will be an option when there is no insurance, the repair cost is higher, and for lower income, age, and education.
Microstructure Reconstruction and Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Transport Mechanism within Porous Electrodes of PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Wang Yulin , Xu Haokai
Published: November 2023

The structure of porous media is composed of skeleton particles and pores. Its micro-pores and solid skeleton characteristics lead to the capillary fingering movement of fluid in its porous media driven by capillary pressure. Currently, the methods of constructing porous media are mainly random construction and multi-scale imaging construction. The porous structure constructed by these two methods can show the real microstructure characteristics. The research on multiphase flow in microporous structure mainly includes VOF, MC, LBM, and other methods. In this chapter, taking the classic porous structure of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell gas diffusion layer (GDL) as an example, GDL porous microstructure is constructed through random algorithm, and multiphase LBM is used to study two-phase flow in porous media to explore the relationship between porous structure characteristics and multiphase flow transport.
Fostering a Positive Workplace Culture: Impacts on Performance and Agility
Authors: Radu Cătălina
Published: November 2023

This chapter explores the profound influence of a positive workplace culture on work performance and organizational agility. It delves into the multidimensional aspects of positive psychology, organizational culture, and their interplay in creating a flourishing work environment. A positive workplace culture, informed by principles from positive psychology, sets the stage for a thriving and engaged workforce. By cultivating an environment that values employee well-being, growth, and collaboration, organizations can unlock the full potential of their teams and enhance overall performance. This chapter examines how a positive culture positively impacts work performance, leading to increased productivity, efficiency, and quality of work. We delve into the key elements of a positive workplace culture, including fostering a growth mindset, encouraging resilience in the face of challenges, and promoting psychological safety. Through these components, employees are empowered to take risks, innovate, and embrace change, contributing to enhanced organizational agility, which means companies can adapt quickly to changing market dynamics and seize new opportunities. Therefore, this chapter offers valuable insights for human resources (HR) professionals, managers, and leaders seeking to create a positive, agile work environment that fuels organizational success.
A Review on Present Status of Friction Stir Welding of Nitinol, a Functionally Advanced, Versatile and Widely Used Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Datta Susmita , Biswas Pankaj
Published: November 2023

Ni-Ti alloys are extensively utilized in different fields of manufacturing because of their typical pseudoelastic effect and the shape memory properties. Welding of NiTinol is always essential to manufacture diverse geometrical structures with sufficient design flexibility following the application necessities. NiTinol is susceptible to compositional variations and microstructural changes because of the welding process. As a result, the mechanical and microstructural properties along with other functional properties get deteriorated with time. Welding of NiTinol without melting is extremely substantial because of the avoidance of the volatilization of the compositional constituents. Friction stir welding, a solid-state welding method, satisfies all the vital necessities of NiTinol alloy welding. This chapter will describe the friction stir welding of NiTinol in both similar and dissimilar material combinations in detail. The effect of different welding process variables on mechanical and metallurgical properties will be described along with the description of the smart functionality of the welded structures and the corrosion resistance performance.
Mangroves of the Niger Delta
Authors: Uche Izuchukwu
Published: November 2023

The Niger Delta is located in the southern part of Nigeria; three core states, Rivers, Bayelsa, and Delta house the largest concentration of Mangroves. The Niger Delta has the most extensive mangroves in Africa; six true mangrove species are found in the Niger Delta, Rhizophora spp. (R. mangle, R. harrisonii, R. racemosa) Known as red mangrove; Avicenna germinans, known as black mangrove; Langucularia racemosa, known as white mangrove; and Conocarpus erectus, known as buttonwood. Rhizophora spp. is the dominant mangrove in the Niger Delta and constitutes over 90% of the entire mangrove species in the region. Niger Delta mangroves are essential in providing ecosystem goods and services to the people. Unfortunately, the Niger Mangrove ecosystem faces severe threats from crude oil spills resulting from equipment failure, bunkering, vandalisation, and illegal refining. The invasion of mangroves by Nipa palm in the Niger Delta has become a threat to the mangrove ecosystem; deforestation and urbanisation are also significant threats affecting mangroves in the region. Providing sustainable alternatives to mangrove forest wood, conservation of mangrove forests, and enforcement of strict regulations in the oil and gas industry are some measures to ensure the sustainability of the Niger Delta mangrove forest.
Use of Cassava in Chicken Diet
Authors: Tadesse Tagesse
Published: November 2023

Chicken production has negatively been affected by continuous increment in conventional energy-source feed ingredients due to the competition between human beings and animals globally. Cereal crops, their byproducts, and leftovers from households are among the frequently accessible sources of chicken feed. Poultry industry has been affected by a shortage and increasing cost of conventional feed resources. Various non-conventional feed resources have been reported to solve this problem. Tuber and root crops are among the alternative feed resources and can be substituted at varying quantities in chickens’ diets. Among the root and tuber crops that can be included in the diet of chickens is cassava. The tuber of cassava can be cut into chunks, dried, milled, or pelletized and added to the diet of chickens. It can also be added to the diet of broilers, and it can substitute 50% of the maize in their diet without negatively impacting their performance. Adding 40% cassava flour or 20% cassava peel meal to the diet of layer chickens is also beneficial for their ability to lay eggs. Generally, different parts of cassava can be included at different amounts in the diets of chickens.
Robust Control of Space Robots Considering Friction Characteristics
Authors: You Xinye
Published: November 2023

In this chapter, a planar two-bar space robot is taken as the research object, and the dynamics equations of fully rigid and joint flexible space robot systems are derived by using momentum conservation and Lagrange equation of the second kind. Aiming at flexible joint space robot system, the system is decomposed into fast and slow subsystems based on singular perturbation. Considering the friction characteristics of joints, a robust controller based on the friction upper bound was designed to offset the influence of friction torque and improve the flat roof phenomenon in joint trajectory tracking control. For flexible joint space robot system, a fast variable subsystem controller is designed using moment differential to actively suppress flexible vibration. The controller of slow subsystem is designed by robust method and a bounded friction compensation term is introduced to offset the influence of joint friction torque. The effectiveness of the proposed manipulator control scheme is verified by numerical simulation experiments.
Mangroves and Ecosystem-Based Coastal Protection in the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Schmitt Klaus , Albers Thorsten
Published: November 2023

Development and the unsustainable use of natural resources in the coastal zone of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, as well as erosion are threatening the protection function of the mangrove forests which protect the land behind the dyke from flooding and storms and provide co-benefits and livelihood for people in the coastal zone. These threats will be exacerbated by the impacts of climate change. Tidal flats and mangrove forests are an energy conversion system that provides ecosystem-based coastal protection. In sites where the mangrove belt has been destroyed and the tidal flat eroded, restoration of the tidal flats is a precondition for mangrove rehabilitation. Permeable bamboo fences, arranged in a T-shape, are effective for reducing erosion, stimulating sedimentation and thereby restoring tidal flats and re-creating conditions for mangrove regeneration. This cost-effective approach is only feasible within specific boundary conditions. Mangroves need to be protected from future anthropogenic destruction. This can best be achieved though co-management with the local people.
A Review in Medical, Pharmacological and Industrial Importance of Roselle Hibiscus sabdariffa L.
Authors: S. Hassoon Ali , A. Kadhim Ahmed , H. Hussein Madeha
Published: November 2023

Medicinal plants and plants occupy a major place in the world’s agricultural and industrial production as the main source of pharmaceutical drugs or as a source of active substances that are used in the preparation of medicine. The Roselle plant Hibiscus sabdariffa L.(Malvaceae Family) is known in Arabic as “karkade” and “Roselle”. The continental regions of Africa and Asia are the original home of the Roselle. The months of March and April and proceeds to reap the fruits during the months of October to the end of December. Recent researches and studies have pointed to the use of Roselle plant in the medical, food and industrial fields. It is used in the manufacture of jellies and jams. The syrup is added to some medical preparations. It is refreshing, moisturizing, and helps digestion. It is also a useful drink in the cases of bile. It causes urination and acts as an antifungal agent. and is used in the treatment of high blood pressure, It is also used in cancer treatment.
Surface Microstructure Changes Induced by Ion Beam Irradiation
Authors: A. Camacho Olguín Carlos , García Bórquez Arturo , A. González Rodríguez Carlos , Cruz Mejía Héctor , Solorio Ávila Marco
Published: November 2023

As a study result of irradiation-induced damage, various mathematical models have been developed to explain the phenomenon of irradiation-induced surface sputtering, these models are currently used in technological fields as diverse as materials characterization and in thin film deposition used in the manufacture of electronic or medical components. However, the phenomenon is not fully understood due to its high complexity, this work has the goal to present experimental evidence of the changes induced in the surface of hypereutectic alloy Ni-22% at Si promoted by the nickel ion beam irradiation, the surface changes induced will be explained in terms of the Sigmund theory of surface sputtering.
Green Adsorbents for Water Purification
Authors: Muzammal Hafsa , Danish Majeed Muhammad , Zaman Muhammad , Safdar Muhammad , Adnan Shahid Muhammad , Maqbool Zahid , Majeed Tayyaba
Published: November 2023

Water purification is crucial for ensuring access to safe and clean drinking water. As a sustainable and effective solution, green adsorbents have gained significant attention in recent times. These adsorbents are composed of natural or waste-based materials that are biodegradable, renewable, and abundant, making them an eco-friendly substitute for traditional adsorbents. This chapter offers a comprehensive outline of the present and prospects of green adsorbents in water purification. It encompasses a comprehensive overview of the many forms of green adsorption agents comprising natural, agriculture waste-based, & industrial waste-based adsorbents, as well as their synthesis and modification methods. Furthermore, it also explores the potential applications of green adsorbents in removing heavy metals, organic pollutants, and inorganic contaminants from water. The challenges and future directions of green adsorbent research are also discussed, including the limitations of these adsorbents and the opportunities for enhancing their performance. Overall, this chapter offers valuable insights into the potential of green adsorbents as a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for water purification.
Improving the Quality of Drinking Water by Raising the pH Levels Using a Natural Na2SiO3 Physical Field
Authors: Mohamed Abdal-Salam Yehia Hesham , Mahmoud Said Said
Published: November 2023

The sustainable development goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations aim to ensure access to clean water and sanitation for all. One way to improve the quality of drinking water is by using a natural substance made up of environmental elements. Therefore, it was necessary to maintain the degree of alkalinity of the water, starting from 7 pH level. While previous studies have focused on raising the pH levels of water by adding alkaline compounds, recent research has suggested using baking soda, which has a pH of approximately 9. However, there are several unfavorable health effects associated with adding baking soda to water, including hypokalemia, hypochloremia, high blood salt levels, deterioration of kidney illness, deterioration of heart failure. In this study, a substance made from silica using the thermal fusion method has been developed by the authors. This substance raises the pH of water without the need for additional components, using a physical field of 80 cm. The outcomes of the study demonstrated the efficiency of this natural chemical in improving water quality. Using a natural silica physical field to raise the pH level of water is a safe and effective method without the need for additional components that can have unfavorable health effects. The results recommended that water at 7 degrees is completely pure distilled water suitable for drinking in normal ways and indicated that alkaline water with a pH between 8.5 and 10 degrees is beneficial for people suffering from irritable bowel syndrome. Moreover, improving drinking water quality is essential for achieving the SDGs, specifically SDG 6, which aims to ensure access to clean water and sanitation for all. By utilizing natural methods to improve water quality, we can work toward achieving a more sustainable and equitable future.
Interplay between Technology and Culture in Driving Change for Employee Satisfaction
Authors: Paul Kithae Peter
Published: November 2023

Technology and society have been in constant interplay since the early man’s invention of simple tools. Among modern interplays are e-press, digital technologies, and the internet of things (IoT). Based on a critical review of existing literature, the study investigated how organizational culture is driving employee’s actions to embrace change through technological innovation, and how this interplay result to organizational competitiveness. The study used qualitative design to collect data, which was manually analyzed using the researcher’s insight and research skills to bring out the main themes. After analysis, the study found that technology is a key driver of innovation, and innovation is an enabler for organizations’ to consistently achieve superior performance. In organizations, technological innovation and culture interact to influence organizational behavior which drives economic change, productivity and long term growth. When embraced by organizational employees, technological innovation can lead to high employee performance. The study concludes that people through culture shift, have adopted technological innovation for their organizational superior performance. The study recommends that governments train their organizations and help them buy technologies in form of digital computers and Information Communication Technologies for connecting individuals, promotion of values, mutual respect, and innovation.
Reduction of Stress and Jet Lag, Improvement of Well-Being, Sleep Quality and Body-Mind Regeneration by Vinci Power Nap® Neuroarchitecture System: Innovative Solution for Leaders, Employees, Travelers
Authors: Filcek Magdalena , Vats Mayank
Published: November 2023

The Vinci Power Nap® system is a cutting-edge tool for reducing stress and jet lag effects associated with air travel, allowing for quick body–mind regeneration and improving well-being and the quality of night’s sleep. Power naps in a specially designed environment based on interdisciplinary science, can restore homeostasis and work–life balance, release stress and tensions, strengthens focus and efficiency, and recover energy for life to many overtired leaders, employees, and people with sleep disorders. Helpful in the therapy for hypersensitive people, after trauma, in depression, with oncological experiences, and many other diseases. The research made in UN projects at COP24 on leaders, travelers, and UNICEF Ukraine’s refugees show extraordinary relaxing properties, harmonizing sleep patterns and internal vital parameters (breath, heartbeat, and brain waves) thanks to zero gravity position, pulsating touch, frequency swinging, calming all senses and neuroarchitectural external conditions. Sleep is the basis of our psychophysical and immune regeneration and preventing errors resulting from stress and fatigue. The Vinci Power Nap® system is crucial for hotels and airports due to its ability to reduce discomfort associated with jet lag, providing great help to travelers such as business leaders, pilots, doctors, drivers, athletes, workers, soldiers, astronauts, tourists, etc.
Prediction of Internal Soil Erosion in Hydraulic Works
Authors: Kissi Benaissa , Guemimi Chafik , Angel Parron Vera Miguel , Dolores Rubio Cintas Maria , Elkhayma Rachid
Published: November 2023

Hydraulic structures built on land, such as dams, are numerous and essential as their purpose is to protect people and property (dikes and levees), generate electricity, or create water reserves (dams). Soil erosion, known as hydraulic foxing, is a complex phenomenon which, in its ultimate stage, produces insidious leakage of fluids beneath hydraulic infrastructures known as pipes, and is the main cause of their failure. The HET pipe erosion test is commonly used to quantify the rate of pipe erosion. In this work, the hole erosion test is modeled using ANSYS Fluent software. The aim is to predict the soil erosion rate during the hole erosion test in order to predict the phenomenon of hydraulic foxing within hydraulic structures. The renormalization group theory-based k−ε turbulence model equations are used. This modeling makes it possible to describe the effect of the clay concentration in flowing water on erosion. Contrary to the usual one-dimensional models, the modeling proposed in this study shows that erosion is not uniform along the entire length of the hole. In particular, clay concentration was found to significantly increase the erosion rate.
Applications and Future Trends of Extracellular Vesicles in Biomaterials Science and Engineering
Authors: Cansever Mutlu Esra , V. Gkoutos Georgios , Ben-Nissan Besim , Stamboulis Artemis
Published: November 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from natural resources and human cells are innovative biomaterials with vast potential for a wide range of applications. The applications of EVs are expanding rapidly, particularly in emerging fields such as biomaterialomics, information transfer, data storage, and 3D bioprinting, where principles of synthetic biology also come into play. These versatile structures exhibit diverse morphologies and compositions, depending on their cellular origin. As a result, they have been incorporated as key components in both medical and engineering fields. Their integration into these materials has facilitated research in various areas, including DNA and RNA storage, 3D printing, and mitochondrial transfer. Whilst the sustainable production of EVs using validated and standardized methods remains a significant challenge, it is crucial to acknowledge their tremendous potential and prepare for future scientific breakthroughs facilitated by EVs.
Resilient Supply Chain in United Arab Emirates
Authors: Subramanian Iyer Shankar , Rawool Ameeta
Published: November 2023

Supply chain disruption refers to any event or occurrence that interrupts the flow of goods or services from suppliers to customers. This disruption can have a significant impact on businesses and can lead to delays, shortages, and increased costs. To mitigate the impact of supply chain disruptions, businesses can take several steps. These include diversifying their supplier base, maintaining safety stock levels, investing in technology to improve supply chain visibility, and developing contingency plans for dealing with disruptions. In addition, businesses can work with their suppliers and customers to build stronger relationships and improve communication and collaboration. This can help to identify potential issues early and allow for more effective problem-solving when disruptions do occur. Overall, supply chain disruption is a significant challenge for businesses, but with careful planning and proactive measures, it is possible to minimize the impact and maintain business continuity. The mixed methodology used in the research to capture the expertise opinions and the stakeholder’s expectations of the Supply chain and its necessity to be resilient.
Galapagos Pinnipeds, Challenges to Their Survival
Authors: Riofrío-Lazo Marjorie , Páez-Rosas Diego
Published: November 2023

Pinnipeds endemic to the Galapagos archipelago are in endangered conservation status. The Galapagos sea lion, Zalophus wollebaeki, and Galapagos fur seal, Arctocephalus galapagoensis, have adapted to an ecosystem with high environmental variability and unpredictable marine productivity to survive. In addition to the environmental factors that pressure their populations, these species are exposed to anthropogenic influence, mainly in rookeries on islands with human settlements. It has been determined that the populations of Galapagos pinnipeds have different growth trends between regions of the archipelago, islands of the same region, and between rookeries of the same island. 58% of the Galapagos sea lion population is in the southeastern, with the largest rookery in direct contact with the inhabitants. Various strategies have been proposed to reduce the negative impacts of human–animal interaction, ensure the population’s viability over time, and reduce the species’ extinction risk.
Whose SDGs and Who’s Making Them Happen?: Insights from Women in Uganda
Authors: Jones Shelley
Published: November 2023

This Feminist Participatory Action Research project with a cohort of women in Uganda explored how they understood the SDGs in relationship to their lived realities. A postcolonial feminist lens was used to engage with critical ethnographic policy theoretical perspective to consider the research questions: 1) Which SDGs are the most important to you? 2) What do unrealized SDGs look like in your context? 3) What would realize goals look like and what would it take to achieve them?; 4) Who is responsible for achieving the SDGs? Participants had had no prior knowledge of the SDGs but once introduced to them the participants ranked SDG1: No Poverty and SDG4: Quality Education as the highest in importance to them, followed by SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being, SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth, SDG: 10: Reduced Inequalities, and SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production. Participants expressed the implications of unrealized SDGs in their lives as well as the transformative change realized SDGs would bring. They also shared their thoughts on how the SDGs could be achieved in their context. The study recommends that those who are meant to benefit most from the SDGs be consulted on how to achieve them.
Perspective Chapter: Microclimate, Plant Stress and Extension of Cacao Frontiers to Marginal Agroecologies of the Rainforest Tropics
Authors: Ohikhena Agele Samuel , Samuel Ibiremo Olufemi , Titilayo Oladitan
Published: November 2023

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important cash crop of the rainforest tropics where it is a major foreign exchange earner, industrial raw material, livelihood, and offer ecosystem services. The rainforest of the tropics is noted for high productivity potential for cacao, however, and its development prospects is beset with numerous challenges among which is the threat of climate change which is setting new ecological boundaries. The new regimes of climate are expected to affect the area suitable for agriculture, thus, crop species are bound to grow in areas where they were not previously grown and areas that were hitherto not suitable for their production. Nevertheless, the shifting environment conditions and associated marginal growing environment conditions (weather: (increasing warming and drought) and soil) may offer opportunities for extending crop frontiers beyond its current ecological boundaries. It is therefore necessary to develop strategies for alleviating constraints imposed by changing environmental conditions thus setting the agenda for climate smart adaptable and sustainable production systems. In addition, efforts to unlock the potentials of the new environmental boundaries for crops will benefit from knowledge, technologies and innovations and climate mitigation.
Cell Wall Enzymatic Activity Control: A Reliable Technique in the Fruit Ripening Process
Authors: Ayour Jamal , Harrak Hasnaâ , Benichou Mohamed
Published: November 2023

The softening and structural changes that occur during fruit ripening are characteristic of specific species and can be attributed primarily to cell wall composition and cell swelling. Cell wall modifications are thought to result in changes in stiffness and texture, but the nature and extent of changes that occur during maturation vary widely. While some cell wall changes associated with ripening, such as depolymerization of matrix glycans, appear to be universal, other changes are highly variable in degree or present in different fruit types. However, the common point in all species is the involvement of the activities of enzymes linked to maturation in all these modifications, in particular the pectinolytic enzymes, namely polygalacturonase (PG), β-galactosidase (β-Gal) and pectin methyl esterase (SME). For good management of these changes, which have considerable consequences on the quality of fruits and their fate in post-harvest, the control of the activities of pectinolytic enzymes seems essential, which is what we propose to study in this chapter.
Medicinal Plants as Sources for Drugs and Vaccines
Authors: A. Salim Siham
Published: November 2023

In general, vaccines are important biological factors that stimulate human immunity to resist various diseases or their pathogens that invade him. The vaccine includes protein material of the pathogen itself, which is either killed or weakened form, or is made from corresponding artificial protein subunits to help human’s immune system for recognizing antigens. However, it has been observed that there are some side effects appeared from using of traditional vaccines, which made trending toward finding alternative solutions is an important goal. In recent years, with the progress in medicinal sciences, genetics and plant biotechnology, the concept of edible vaccines has emerged by biotechnologists in an attempt to use edible plants in the production of alternative vaccines for commercial vaccines that are useful in treating diseases that affect humans without needing for injection or refrigerated storage, which is done through genetically engineering plants to carry antigens through several methods, like bacterial vectors, shot gun or microinjection through plant tissue culture techniques to produce vaccine-bearing plants like banana, maize, potato, rice, tobacco, tomato, legumes and others which makes these plants have two tasks, their suitability for food and to stimulate the body’s immune response against many pathogens at once.
Europe’s Raw Materials Supply Chain: Front-End Considerations
Authors: Wittenberg Antje , de Oliveira Daniel , Bide Tom , Hollis Julie , Nirgi Siim , Žibret Gorazd , Gautneb Håvard , Sadeghi Martiya , Navarro Domínguez Rafael , Malyuk Boris
Published: November 2023

Supply chains are linked for specific purpose and by something. Hence, the respective links of the chain must be hooked in the right place, sufficiently strong, and have to start somewhere. This chapter looks at the raw materials supply chain as the first link in a commodity supply, from the European Union (EU) perspective. Aspects of the raw material potential of critical or strategic mineral resources in Europe, its further exploration, and the concept of modifying factors are considered, and reporting systems of resources and reserves are described, underpinned by examples of mineral potentials in different regions of the EU. Thus, targeted exploration of raw materials, especially within the framework of national geological research, serves to support a sustainable and resilience supply chain. EU projects, such as GeoERA and Geological Service for EU, assist in shaping the tailor-made exploration programs fit for providing mineral data publicly available through EuroGeoSurveys’ European Geological Data Infrastructure. In the future, raw materials may be seen as global public goods required to address many challenges, from the climate crisis to geopolitical instability; therefore, the society could conceptualize them in a new way, from a dominant investment returns-oriented viewpoint to one linked to delivering global objectives.
Resting-State f MRI Advances for Functional Brain Dynamics
Authors: Larrivee Denis
Published: November 2023

The development of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in quiescent brain imaging has revealed that even at rest, brain activity is highly structured, with voxel-to-voxel comparisons consistently demonstrating a suite of resting-state networks (RSNs). Since its initial use, resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI) has undergone a renaissance in methodological and interpretive advances that have expanded this functional connectivity understanding of brain RSNs. RS-fMRI has benefitted from the technical developments in MRI such as parallel imaging, high-strength magnetic fields, and big data handling capacity, which have enhanced data acquisition speed, spatial resolution, and whole-brain data retrieval, respectively. It has also benefitted from analytical approaches that have yielded insight into RSN causal connectivity and topological features, now being applied to normal and disease states. Increasingly, these new interpretive methods seek to advance understanding of dynamic network changes that give rise to whole brain states and behavior. This review explores the technical outgrowth of RS-fMRI from fMRI and the use of these technical advances to underwrite the current analytical evolution directed toward understanding the role of RSN dynamics in brain functioning.
Reseña de Carlos Píriz, En Zona Roja, Comares, 2022
Authors: Gómez Bravo Gutmaro
Published: November 2023

Reseña de Carlos Píriz, En Zona Roja, Comares, 2022
Centros de cautiverio de Pamplona durante el franquismo:
Authors: Velasco Zozaya Lisabe
Published: November 2023

Este trabajo formula una propuesta de unidad didáctica que explora las posibilidades de enseñar historia en las aulas de secundaria y bachillerato a través del estudio de un fenómeno y un caso en particular: el de la Prisión Provincial de Pamplona. A través de esta, se propone estudiar el siglo XX y, en concreto, las décadas que siguen a 1936 y su contexto histórico, social y político. Así, además de la represión franquista, también dará pie al análisis de otros procesos político-sociales de gran importancia a finales del siglo XX como, en este caso, la Insumisión.

Además del desarrollo del pensamiento histórico y el análisis crítico de la información, esta unidad didáctica apuesta por la utilización de diversas fuentes en el estudio de la historia, acercando así al alumnado al trabajo que realizan los historiadores e historiadoras. Por otra parte, también explora metodologías como el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP) y otros métodos que garantizan un aprendizaje significativo e integrado.
Trenbideko langileen depurazioa Gerra Zibilean eta frankismoan:
Authors: Carrillo Pérez Aitor
Published: November 2023

Espainiako Gerra Zibilean eta gerraostean, 1936-1942 bitartean, burdinbide zerbitzuen enpresa kontzesionarioetako langile guztiek depurazio espedienteen irekiera jasan behar izan zuten, diktadura frankistak abiatutako depurazio profesionalen prozesu masibo baten barnean. Haien jarduera profesionala, militantzia edo kidetasun politiko zein sindikalak, eta gerra aurretik, bitartean eta ondoren izandako jarrera ikertuak izan ziren. Haien jarreren arabera, lanera itzultzen ziren, zigorrarekin edo zigorrik gabe, edo kanporatuak izaten ziren. Errepresio ekonomikoaren eta soziolaboralaren beste alderdi batzuekin gertatu den bezala, depurazio profesionalak aztergai izan dira hainbat ikerketetan, azkeneko mende laurdenean errepresio frankistaren analisiaren inguruan gertatutako berrikuntzaren ondorioz. Halere, trenbideko enpresen langileen depurazioak, zehazki Nafarroan egoitza zutenek, azterlan monografikorik ia ez dute izan. Lan honen helburua Nafarroako eskualde ezberdinetako hainbat herrietako trenbideko langileek pairatutako depurazio prozesuei eta gertakari errepresiboei buruzko analisi kuantitatibo eta konparatibo bat eskaintzea da, bai militantzia ezaguna zutenen bai hura ez zutenen artean bereiziz langileak. Alde batetik, Tutera, Erriberako hiri nagusia, eta bestetik, Sakanako haraneko eskualdeko herriak, probintziako ipar-mendebaldean kokatua. Etorkizunera begira, konparaketa honek Nafarroako beste herriekin eta Espainiar Estatuko beste eskualdeekin geroan egindako analisien eta ikerketa konparatiboen oinarri izateko asmoa du.
Architecture, Buildings, and Political Ends
Authors: Fisher Saul
Published: November 2023

It is not infrequently heard in architectural circles that architecture is an inherently political enterprise and pursuit, such that build structures are, correspondingly, inherently political objects.  But does architecture, by its nature as practice or artifact, universally serve political ends?  Taking ends of something X to be political iff X serves the projection of power by state or government, or advances policy-making, ideologies, or the body politic, it may be thought that

AP1. Architecture, in its products, always serves political ends.

on the grounds that, roughly speaking, wherever one looks, one finds cases providing evidence that

AP2. Buildings (built structures, generally) always serve political ends, and

AP3. Buildings (built structures) are the only products of architecture.

On the supposition that this fairly tracks the common view, I take for granted that the argument goes through if the premises are defensible.  I propose, though, that neither AP2 nor AP3 are defensible, at least in the grand, universal fashion that they are offered.
Unraveling the Interdependence of Inputs and Outputs in the Business Sector: A Case Study
Authors: Sahani S.K. , Sah R. , Kumari S. , Sahani K. , Prasad K.S.
Published: November 2023

This research project explores the application and utility of input-output analysis as a pivotal decision-making tool in the business sector. Input-output analysis (I-O) is a quantitative economic modeling technique that assesses the interdependencies among various sectors of an economy. Understanding the concept, application, strategic planning, and resource allocation within the input-output model facilitates effective decision-making in business operations. This project offers guidance for determining, analyzing, evaluating, and selecting across different business levels and sectors. The primary tool employed in the I-O process is the input-output analysis table. In this project, we utilize Leontief's model, specifically the open model, to determine the required resources to meet an increase in demand. Data collection methods for this research encompass data analysis, sample surveys, content analysis, business analysis, data preprocessing, and historical observations. It is important to note that this research project focuses exclusively on the business sector and its operational facets. Various businesses and their operations are examined to provide examples and insights into the implementation of I-O in the production sector. The chosen I-O model for this report is Leontief's model. Through the findings of this research report, it is evident that I-O can be effectively employed in the business sector to inform decisions related to inputs and outputs, promoting smooth economic progress. Ultimately, this project sheds light on the intricate interdependencies of inputs and outputs within the business sector.
Solunum Sistemi Takibi ve Egzersizlerine Yönelik Cihazlar Üzerine Sistematik Bir İnceleme
Authors: DERDİYOK Fatma Betül , SERBEST Kasım
Published: November 2023

Solunum egzersizleri torakal bölgede duyusal ve mekanik uyarı oluşturma; göğüs duvarı altında bulunan akciğer bölgesi havalanmasını artırmayı amaçlayan manuel uygulamalar ile yapılan uygulamalardır. Solunum fonksiyonlarında problem olan kişilerin tedavisinde pulmoner rehabilitasyon programı kapsamında fizyoterapistler tarafından solunum egzersizleri manuel olarak uygulanmakta ve ev rehabilitasyon programı içerisine dahil edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu egzersizlerin hasta tarafından doğru, yapılması ve doktor tarafından takibi; tedavinin etkinliği açısından önem arz etmektedir. Derleme çalışması kapsamında, solunum sistemine yönelik tasarlanmış cihazların; hasta verilerini almak, solunum eğitimini desteklemek, telerehabilitasyon ile entegre çalışmak vb. özellikler odağında sistematik bir incelemesinin yapılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda akademik araştırmalar, patentler ve ticari ürünler incelenmektedir. İncelenen cihazlar güçlü ve zayıf yönlerine göre karşılaştırılmıştır. Derleme çalışması sonucunda solunum sistem verilerini almak ve solunum eğitimini aktif uyaranlar ile karşılamak, hastaların solunum mekaniğini destekleyerek solunum kapasitelerini artırabilmekte olduğu değerlendirilmektedir. Ayrıca sistem tasarımlarına telerehabilitasyon uygulaması entegre edilmesi ile pulmoner rehabilitasyon için ev ortamında rehabilitasyona katkı sağlanabileceği değerlendirilmektedir.
Industrialização, intimidade e deslocações: os usos sexuais no Amazonas brasileiro e a Costa Norte hondurenha
Authors: Amador Valdez Ariel , Umbach Rosani Úrsula Ketzer
Published: November 2023

Neste artigo descreve-se a representação das atitudes e agires sexuais dos trabalhadores das Bananeiras em Honduras e o Ciclo da Borracha do Amazonas brasileiro. Tomam-se as obras de Ramón Amaya Amador (Enfatizando-se na obra “Biografía de un machete”); e as obras de Álvaro Maia (Principalmente o romance “Beiradão”); ambos autores destacados pelo exercício político, jornalista e romancista. Aplicando a teoria da sexualidade de Michel Foucault e a literatura comparada, procuram-se as representações da intimidade e da sexualidade dos atores principais destas etapas socioeconômicas: os campenhos das Bananeiras em Honduras, e os seringueiros do Ciclo da Borracha no Amazonas brasileiro.
livro e um enunciado em nossa formação social
Authors: Medeiros Vanise Gomes de
Published: November 2023

Neste artigo, parto do livro Água de barrela, de Eliana Cruz, um romance inscrito na formação discursiva da descolonização, para promover uma reflexão sobre um enunciado, corrente em nossa sociedade, que sustenta e justifica desigualdades sociais profundas. Inscrito na formação discursiva da branquitude, trata-se de um enunciado que institucionaliza certos sentidos e encobre outros. Pode ser submetido a leituras outras que foram impedidas de circular. É o que o livro põe em cena. Neste exercício, retorno à virada do século XIX para trazer três posições que permitem pensar na ancoragem, nos efeitos e nos silenciamentos de tal enunciado.
Pemeriksaan Toxoplasma gondi Pada Fase Kucing Rumah Felis domestica
Authors: Derry Trisna Wahyuni S  , Cut Aliza Ramadhani  , Alif Rahman Habibi
Published: November 2023

Kucing merupakan hewan yang sangat banyak di gemari sebagai hewan peliharaan di rumah. Kucing dapat menularkan penyakit zoonosis yaitu toxoplasma yang di sebabkan oleh parasit Toxoplasma gondi. Toxoplasma gondi merupakan parasit intraseluler dari golongan protozoa yang bersifat parasit obligat, di mana kucing berperan sebagai hospes definitive. Fases kucing diambil di perumahan citramas dan kampung tengah, fases kucing selanjutnya dilarutkan kedalam aquadest kemudian dihomogenkan, setelah itu diamati dibawah mikroskop. Hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan di laboratorium menunjukkan di perumahan kampung tengah terdapat 2 kucing yang terinfeksi parasit Toxoplasma gondii dan di perumahan citramas tdk ditemukan kucing yang terinfeksi parasit ini. Terinfeksinya kucing di kampung tengah kemungkinan diakibatkan oleh lingkungan yang kotor dan makanan (daging dan Ikan) dikonsumsi oleh kucing tersebut masi setangah matang. Pada penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi edukasi bagi masyarakat agar dapat memperhatikan lingkungan dan makanan yang di konsumsi oleh kucing tersebut.