bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Labor Force Participation on Elderly Health in China
Authors: Hou Jianming , Zhou Wenjian , Zhu Kefei , Ren Xiaofei
Published: January 2023

In the context of the deepening of population aging and the trial implementation of a progressive retirement delay policy in China, understanding the relationship between the labor force participation and health status of the elderly will not only enrich relevant research but also help the elderly better achieve their goals of active aging and aging. Using the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, this paper first established multiple linear regression models to analyze the impact of labor force participation on the health status of elderly people in China and then established simultaneous equation models using households living on minimum living allowances and the community average of labor participation as instrumental variables to deal with the endogeneity caused by two-way causality. The findings confirmed significant positive correlations between labor force participation and physical and mental health, while caring for grandchildren and participating in social activities were found to be negatively moderated the relationship between labor force participation and the physical and mental health of older adults. The impact of labor force participation on the physical health status of older men and the mental health status of older women may be greater. In addition, labor force participation may have a greater impact on the physical health of the rural elderly, and its impact on mental health was not found to be statistically significant between urban and rural areas.
Profile of Hospital Admissions Due to Preterm Labor and Delivery in England
Authors: Naser Abdallah Y. , Al-Shehri Hassan , Altamimi Noora , Alrasheed Anas , Albalawi Lama
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Preterm labor and delivery are associated with various short- and long-term complications in neonates and infants. This research aimed to look at the trends in preterm labor and birth-related hospitalizations in England. Material and Methods: The Hospital Episode Statistics database was used to extract hospital admission data for the ecological study of preterm labor and delivery between April 2012 and April 2020 in England. Results: The overall admission rates decreased by 26.2%, from 14,210 in 2012 (CI: 99.18–102.49) to 10,490 in 2020 (CI: 73.02–75.87) per 100,000 individuals. Hospitalizations were frequently caused by spontaneous labor with preterm delivery, spontaneous labor without delivery, and preterm delivery without spontaneous labor (68.9%, 20.6%, and 9.6%, respectively). The rate of hospital admission due to preterm delivery without spontaneous labor, preterm labor without delivery, preterm spontaneous labor with preterm delivery, and preterm spontaneous labor with term delivery decreased by 32.0%, 26.9%, 24.4%, and 14.7%, respectively. Women aged 25–29 years accounted for most hospital admissions. Conclusion: Preterm labor and delivery-related hospital admissions rates have significantly decreased over the past decade. Women in the reproductive age range of 25–34 years were more prone to hospital admission followed by preterm labor due to various reasons.
Conservative Management for Retained Products of Conception in Late Pregnancy
Authors: Fujishima Risa , Kawasaki Kaoru , Moriuchi Kaori , Shiro Reona , Yo Yoshie , Matsumura Noriomi
Published: January 2023

This retrospective study aims to compare the early manual removal of placenta (MROP) and conservative management of retained products of conception (RPOC) after 34 weeks of gestation. Nineteen cases underwent MROP within 24 h of delivery, of which nine patients had no symptoms requiring emergent treatment. These 9 patients (group M) were compared with 22 patients who were treated conservatively (group C). Massive bleeding was observed in 5 (56%) patients in group M and 11 (50%) patients in group C, with no significant difference in frequency. However, the lowest hemoglobin level within 72 h after massive bleeding was lower in group M (median: 6.7 vs. 7.7 g/dL, p = 0.029), suggesting that massive bleeding occurred in a short period of time. On the other hand, a retained placenta was observed in four patients in group M after the MROP; however, the placenta disappeared more quickly than in group C (median; 1.0 vs. 99.0 days, p = 0.009). In group C, all bleeding and infection occurred within 60 days of delivery, including heavy bleeding in six cases during the placental-extraction trial. Human chorionic gonadotropin in group C fell below the measurable threshold at a median of 67 days postpartum. In conclusion, for RPOC without urgent symptoms, early MROP and conservative treatment have their advantages and disadvantages. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine which of those treatments is superior.
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) Metabolic Profiles Discriminate Two Monovarietal Extra Virgin Olive Oils, Cultivars Arbequina and Koroneiki, with Different Geographical Origin
Authors: Angilè Federica , Coco Laura Del , Girelli Chiara Roberta , Calò Francesca , Mazzi Lucia , Fanizzi Francesco Paolo , Vivaldi Gaetano Alessandro , Camposeo Salvatore
Published: January 2023

This study aims to evaluate the Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR)-based metabolomic profiles of monovarietal olive oils obtained from Arbequina and Koroneiki, which are typically present in the Mediterranean basin and grown in Spain and Greece, respectively. Micro-milled oils were obtained from olives harvested both in their cultivar home countries (Spain and Greece) and in Italy. Investigations by 1H NMR metabolic profiling were carried out to develop a strategy for the correct interpretation of differences based on geographical origins. The NMR Spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis (MVA) revealed significant differences in fatty acids profile as well as the unsaponifiable fraction, not only according to the cultivars but also to the specific geographical origin of the olives used. In particular, the oils from Spain were higher in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) content than those from Italy. Conversely, the Italian oils of Koroneiki showed higher content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) than Greek oils. Regarding the Extra Virgin Olive Oils (EVOOs) minor fraction, for both cultivars, the olive oils obtained using olives harvested in Italy were characterized by higher relative content of phenolic compounds. It was found that each of the investigated cultivars (Arbequina and Koroneiki), very popular in super high density (SHD) planting systems, assumed a specific well-characterized metabolic EVOO profile when the olives are harvested in Italy. These results may contribute to extending and enforcing available literature data on 1H NMR-based chemometric models as powerful tools for EVOOs geographical origin discrimination.
Modelling the Benefits and Impacts of Urban Agriculture: Employment, Economy of Scale and Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Authors: Kafle Arun , Hopeward James , Myers Baden
Published: January 2023

This paper examines the social, economic and environmental potential of Urban Agriculture (UA) based on information from forty distinct locations in each of the two regions: Adelaide, South Australia and Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, representing the diverse developmental background. Modelling is used to estimate equivalent employment, scale appropriateness, and earnings in comparison to labour use from commercial urban farming and gardening style UA, together with carbon dioxide emissions for two vegetable types. The study investigates the influence of distance and production scale under manual to modest mechanisation for urban vegetable production, finding that the interplay between labour use and mechanisation can favour scale-appropriate UA practices with better labour productivity and economic and social advantage. The distribution (assumed to be by car for UA) contributes the largest proportion of emissions, and the production component (even with mechanisation) contributes a relatively small portion per unit of production. We recommend that governments and planners should facilitate scale-appropriate mechanisation through better planning and policy instruments for UA’s sustainability.
Developmental Differentiations of Major Maize Stemborers Due to Global Warming in Temperate and Tropical Climates
Authors: Régnier Baptiste , Legrand Judith , Calatayud Paul-André , Rebaudo François
Published: January 2023

While many insects are in decline due to global warming, the effect of rising temperatures on crop insect pests is uncertain. A capacity to understand future changes in crop pest populations remains critical to ensure food security. Using temperature-dependent mathematical models of the development of four maize stemborers in temperate and tropical regions, we evaluated the potential impacts of different climate change scenarios on development time. While recognizing the limitations of the temperature-dependent development rate approach, we found that global warming could either be beneficial or detrimental to pest development, depending on the optimal temperature for the development of the species and scenarios of climate change. Expected responses range from null development to 1.5 times faster development than expected today. These results suggest that in the medium term, the studied species could benefit from global warming with an accelerated development, while in the long term, their development could either be delayed or accelerated, which may impact their dynamics with implications on maize cultivation.
Entomological Characteristics of Malaria Transmission across Benin: An Essential Element for Improved Deployment of Vector Control Interventions
Authors: Tokponnon Tatchémè Filémon , Ossè Razaki , Padonou Germain Gil , Affoukou Cyriaque Dossou , Sidick Aboubakar , Sewade Wilfried , Fassinou Arsène , Koukpo Côme Z. , Akinro Bruno , Messenger Louisa A. , Okê Mariam , Tchévoédé Alexis , Ogouyemi-Hounto Aurore , Gazard Dorothée Kinde , Akogbeto Martin
Published: January 2023

Entomological surveillance in Benin has historically been limited to zones where indoor residual spraying was performed or where long-standing sentinel surveillance sites existed. However, there are significant country-wide gaps in entomological knowledge. The National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) assessed population dynamics of Anopheles vectors and malaria transmission in each of Benin’s 12 departments to create an entomological risk profile. Two communes per department (24/77 communes) were chosen to reflect diverse geographies, ecologies and malaria prevalence. Two villages per commune were selected from which four households (HH) per village were used for human landing catches (HLCs). In each HH, an indoor and outdoor HLC occurred between 7 p.m. and 7 a.m. on two consecutive nights between July–September 2017. Captured Anopheles were identified, and ovaries were dissected to determine parous rate. Heads and thoraces were tested for Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites by ELISA. The Entomological Inoculation Rate (EIR) was calculated as the product of mosquito bite rate and sporozoite index. Bite rates from An. gambiae s.l., the primary vector species complex, differed considerably between communes; average sporozoite infection index was 3.5%. The EIR ranged from 0.02 infectious bites (ib) per human per night in the departments of Ouémé and Plateau to 1.66 ib/human/night in Collines. Based on transmission risk scales, Avrankou, Sakété and Nikki are areas of low transmission (0 < EIR < 3 ib/human/year), Adjarra, Adja Ouèrè, Zè, Toffo, Bopa, Pehunco, Pèrèrè and Kandi are of medium transmission (3 < EIR < 30 ib/human/year), and the other remaining districts are high transmission (EIR > 30 ib/human/year). The heterogeneous and diverse nature of malaria transmission in Benin was not readily apparent when only assessing entomological surveillance from sentinel sites. Prospectively, the NMCP will use study results to stratify and deploy targeted vector control interventions in districts with high EIRs to better protect populations most at-risk.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Bile Duct Tumor Thrombus: A Case Report and Literature Review of 890 Patients Affected by Uncommon Primary Liver Tumor Presentation
Authors: Conticchio Maria , Maggialetti Nicola , Rescigno Marco , Brunese Maria Chiara , Vaschetti Roberto , Inchingolo Riccardo , Calbi Roberto , Ferraro Valentina , Tedeschi Michele , Fantozzi Maria Rita , Avella Pasquale , Calabrese Angela , Memeo Riccardo , Scardapane Arnaldo
Published: January 2023

Bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) is an uncommon finding in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), potentially mimicking cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Recent studies have suggested that HCC with BDTT could represent a prognostic factor. We report the case of a 47-year-old male patient admitted to the University Hospital of Bari with abdominal pain. Blood tests revealed the presence of an untreated hepatitis B virus infection (HBV), with normal liver function and without jaundice. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a cirrhotic liver with a segmental dilatation of the third bile duct segment, confirmed by a CT scan and liver MRI, which also identified a heterologous mass. No other focal hepatic lesions were identified. A percutaneous ultrasound-guided needle biopsy was then performed, detecting a moderately differentiated HCC. Finally, the patient underwent a third hepatic segmentectomy, and the histopathological analysis confirmed the endobiliary localization of HCC. Subsequently, the patient experienced a nodular recurrence in the fourth hepatic segment, which was treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA). This case shows that HCC with BDTT can mimic different types of tumors. It also indicates the value of an early multidisciplinary patient assessment to obtain an accurate diagnosis of HCC with BDTT, which may have prognostic value that has not been recognized until now.
Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with PCOS: Follow-Up Study of a Randomized Controlled Three-Component Lifestyle Intervention
Authors: Dietz de Loos Alexandra , Jiskoot Geranne , Louwers Yvonne , Beerthuizen Annemerle , Busschbach Jan , Laven Joop
Published: January 2023

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and excess weight often present with reproductive derangements. The first-line treatment for this population is a multi-component lifestyle intervention. This follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial based on data from the Dutch Perinatal registry was conducted to study the effect of a one-year three-component (cognitive behavioral therapy, healthy diet, and exercise) lifestyle intervention on pregnancy outcomes in women with PCOS and overweight or obesity. Women diagnosed with PCOS, a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m², and a wish to conceive were randomized to either three-component lifestyle intervention (LSI, n = 123), and care as usual (CAU, n = 60) where they were encouraged to lose weight autonomously. Conception resulting in live birth was 39.8% (49/123) within LSI and 38.3% (23/60) within CAU (p = 0.845). In total, 58.3% conceived spontaneously. Gestational diabetes (LSI: 8.2% vs. CAU: 21.7%, p = 0.133), hypertensive disorders (LSI: 8.2% vs. CAU 13.0%, p = 0.673), and preterm birth (LSI: 12.2% vs. CAU: 17.4%, p = 0.716) rates were all lower in LSI compared to CAU. This follow-up study showed no significant differences in conception resulting in live birth rates between LSI and CAU. Nonetheless, a large proportion eventually conceived spontaneously. Moreover, after LSI, the number of uneventful pregnancies was lower compared to care as usual.
Digital versus Conventional Dentures: A Prospective, Randomized Cross-Over Study on Clinical Efficiency and Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Zupancic Cepic Lana , Gruber Reinhard , Eder Jaryna , Vaskovich Tom , Schmid-Schwap Martina , Kundi Michael
Published: January 2023

Digital technology facilitates the manufacturing of complete dentures; however, clinical and patient-reported outcomes are underreported. This prospective, randomized, single-blind cross-over study reports the clinical and patient-related outcomes of 10 edentulous patients receiving digital dentures prepared with the Vita Vionic System and conventional dentures produced from heat-polymerized polymethylmethacrylate resin. Clinical efficiency was stated based on the Sato score for quantitative assessment of complete denture quality. Patient satisfaction was evaluated with the oral health-related quality of life questionnaire (OHIP-20). We report here that the Sato score was slightly higher in patients receiving digital versus conventional dentures with a mean of 73.2 ± 12.3 and 67.4 ± 11.8, respectively (p = 0.16). Moreover, upper and lower stability was superior in digital dentures (p = 0.03 and p = 0.10, respectively), while denture polish was better in conventional dentures (p = 0.03). Quality of life was slightly higher in patients receiving conventional compared to digital dentures with an OHIP-20 of 101.7 ± 12.0 and 95.6 ± 24.2, respectively (p = 0.33). Taken together and when considering the low power of the study, our findings suggest a trend towards better clinical efficiency of digital compared to conventional dentures, while patient satisfaction remained unaffected by the type of manufacturing.
Predictive Factors and Management of Macular Edema after Retropupillary Iris-Claw Intraocular Lens Implantation in Aphakia: National Multicenter Audit—Report 2
Authors: Bernal-Morales Carolina , Navarro-Angulo Manuel Javier , Rodriguez-Maqueda Mariano , Velazquez-Villoria Daniel , Cubero-Parra Juan Manuel , Marticorena Joaquín , Hernández-Martínez Adrián , Ruiz-Miguel Miguel , Adan Alfredo , Ruiz-Casas Diego , Zarranz-Ventura Javier
Published: January 2023

The aim of this multicenter, national clinical audit is to evaluate the predictive factors and management of postoperative macular edema (ME) after retropupillary iris-claw intraocular lens (RICI) implantation and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Preoperative, surgical and postoperative data were collected. Number and type of intravitreal injections (IT) administered (anti-VEGF or dexamethasone implant), visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP) and central retinal thickness (CRT) assessed by OCT were collected at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. From 325 eyes (325 patients), 11.7% (38/325) developed postoperative ME. Previous complicated cataract surgery with no capsular support was the only significant predictive factor for developing postoperative ME (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.38–4.52, p = 0.02) after RICI implant. Mean time to ME development was 11.4 ± 10.7 weeks, and mean CRT peaked at 3 months follow-up. Different treatment options were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) drops (31.6%, 12/38), dexamethasone (DEX) implant (50%, 19/38), anti-VEGF (7.9%, 3/38) or combined IT (10.5%, 4/38). Cumulative probability of ME resolution was higher in the group treated with IT than in the group treated with topical NSAIDs (85.2% vs. 58.3%, p = 0.9). Performing RICI implantation after complicated cataract surgery is a risk factor for the development of postoperative ME. DEX implants may be an effective treatment for postoperative ME in these cases.
Effect of Modification with a Biocide Containing Metal Nanoparticles on Selected LDPE Properties
Authors: Janczak Katarzyna , Lisewska Daria , Mazuryk Alicja , Malinowski Rafał
Published: January 2023

In this work, the physicomechanical, chemical and thermal properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) modified with a biocide containing metal nanoparticles: nanoAg, nanoCu, and nanoFe2O3 were examined. The presented studies, apart from the previously proven antimicrobial effectiveness, have shown that the application of the biocide in concentrations of 0.5% and 1% has the least influence on the remaining properties. In the remaining concentrations (2–5%), despite the lack of significant influence on the chemical structure, the biocide primarily influenced the strength properties and melt flow rate (MFR). Previous research showed almost 100% antimicrobiological properties against bacteria and fungi of samples with the addition of 4% biocide. For such samples, the presented studies showed a decrease in MFR by approx. 17%, tensile strength at break by approx. 45%, an increase in elongation at breaking by approx. 25%, a decrease in density >2%, no increase in water absorption, and no significant changes in the chemical structure and in thermal properties in relation to LDPE without biocide.
Long-Term Observations of Sea Surface Temperature Variability in the Gulf of Mannar
Authors: Mondal Sandipan , Lee Ming-An
Published: January 2023

In this study, we conducted long-term temporal and spatial observations of monthly, interannual, and decadal sea surface temperature (SST) variation in the Gulf of Mannar (GoM) for the period from 1870 to 2018. We obtained climatological data from the Met Office Hadley Centre, UK. The monthly time series revealed that April and August were the warmest and coolest months of the year, respectively. The mean SSTs for April and August were 29.85 ± 0.44 °C and 27.15 ± 0.49 °C, respectively. The mean annual highest and lowest SSTs were observed in 2015 and 1890 with SSTs of 28.93 ± 0.31 °C and 27.45 ± 0.31 °C, respectively, and the annual time series revealed a warming SST trend of 0.004 °C. Decadal time series also revealed a warming SST trend of 0.04 °C, with the highest and lowest mean decadal SSTs being 28.56 ± 0.21 °C in 2010–2018 and 27.78 ± 0.25 °C in 1890–1889, respectively. Throughout the study period, the spatial distribution of climate trends over decades across the GoM revealed a strong spatial gradient, and the region between 6–8° N and 77–78° E was warmer than all other regions of the GoM.
Energy Saving Analysis of a Marine Main Engine during the Whole Voyage Utilizing an Organic Rankine Cycle System to Recover Waste Heat
Authors: Chen Wu , Xue Song , Lyu Long , Luo Wenhua , Yu Wensheng
Published: January 2023

In this study, a main marine engine with a rating power of 21,840 kW for a ship sailing in an actual voyage was obtained as the research object. The engine’s exhaust gas and jacket cooling water were adopted as the heat source of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system developed for the main marine engine. The engine can consume high-sulfur or low-sulfur fuel oil, respectively, according to the different emission control requirements. The impact of the use of high-sulfur or low-sulfur fuel oil, and variations in engine load, amount of recoverable waste heat, outboard seawater temperature, and the ship’s steam demand were comprehensively considered, and the validated ORC system model was used for the analysis of the system’s performance and the ship’s energy saving for the whole voyage. The results demonstrated that when the ship adopted high-sulfur or low-sulfur fuel oil, the maximum total net power output of the ORC system was 449.3 kW and 753.1 kW, respectively. During the whole voyage of 1610.7 nautical miles, when high-sulfur fuel oil was used, the ORC system reduced carbon emission by 40.3 tons and 33.8 tons, respectively, in summer and in winter, and the fuel saving rates were 2.53% and 2.12%; when low-sulfur fuel oil was used, the ship’s carbon emissions were reduced by 62.1 tons and 61.8 tons, respectively, in summer and in winter, and the fuel saving rates were 3.91% and 3.89%.
A Case Study Assessing the Liquefaction Hazards of Silt Sediments Based on the Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio Method
Authors: Meng Qingsheng , Li Yang , Wang Wenjing , Chen Yuhong , Wang Shilin
Published: January 2023

Silt liquefaction can occur due to the rapid cyclic loading of sediments. This can result in the loss of the bearing capacity of the underlying sediments and damage to the foundations and infrastructure. Therefore, assessing liquefaction hazards is an important aspect of disaster prevention and risk assessment in geologically unstable areas. The purpose of this study is to assess the liquefaction hazards of silt sediments by using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio method. Single-station noise recording was carried out in the northern plain of the Yellow River Delta, and a new method was adopted to identify the fundamental frequency. The dynamic parameters of the silt, such as the fundamental frequency, amplification, and vulnerability index, were used as indicators to assess the liquefaction potential. The results show that the silty soils in different areas have different stable ranges of values of the fundamental frequency. Moreover, the distribution of the observations is in good agreement with the geological conditions in the area, which indicates the potential applicability and reliability of the new method for identifying fundamental frequency. The vulnerability index is inversely related to the fundamental frequency, with the southwestern part of the study area having a lower fundamental frequency and a higher vulnerability index, meaning a greater liquefaction risk compared to other areas. The horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio method has great advantages in characterizing subsurface dynamic parameters and can be applied to liquefaction hazard assessments of silt sediments in large areas, which is critically important in terms of providing information and guidance for urban construction and planning.
Formation Coordination Control of Leaderless Multi-AUV System with Double Independent Communication Topology and Nonconvex Control Input Constraints
Authors: Yan Zheping , Yue Lidong , Zhou Jiajia , Pan Xiaoli , Zhang Chao
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the formation coordination control of discrete-time distributed leaderless multiple autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) system with double independent position–velocity communication topology and control inputs on a nonconvex set is studied. Firstly, the problem of formation coordination control of multi-AUV system is transformed into the problem of formation consensus of multi-AUV system, and the consistent state of leaderless multi-AUV system formation was defined. Secondly, considering the existence of bounded communication delay and nonconvex control input constraints for multi-AUV system formation under weak communication conditions, a formation consistent constraint controller algorithm for discrete-time leaderless multi-AUV system with double independent communication topology is proposed by introducing constraint operators. By using the properties of graph theory, random matrix and SIA matrix, and selecting appropriate controller parameters, the multi-AUV system formation can reach the defined consensus state. Furthermore, the unbounded communication delay of multi-AUV system formation is studied. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed controller constraint algorithm is effective.
Multi-Scale Analysis for Assessing the Impact of Material Composition and Weave on the Ultimate Strength of GFRP Stiffened Panels
Authors: Liu Bin , Zhang Xiaoduan , Garbatov Yordan
Published: January 2023

A micro-meso-macro analysis framework based on the multi-scale method was employed to analyse the mechanical behaviour of marine GFRP stiffened panels. The study aims to establish a procedure for assessing the impact of material composition and weave on the ultimate strength of GFRP stiffened panels. The ultimate strength assessment was an essential step in the design process, and the investigation of construction materials has a great benefit to the lightweight design of marine composite structures. The micro- and meso-scale RVE models of components used in GFRP materials are established, and their failure criteria and stiffness degradation models are created using the user-defined material subroutine VUMAT in ABAQUS. The equivalent material properties at the micro-scale (meso-scale) obtained by a homogenisation method are used to define the meso-scale (macro-scale) mechanical properties in the finite element analyses. The multi-scale method assesses the macro-mechanics of composites, and it is shown that the ultimate strength of GFRP stiffened panels is mainly determined by the failure of CSM fibre bundles and WR yarns. Parametric study of the meso-mechanics of composite materials can provide an analysis tool to obtain the optimal macro ultimate strength of the composite stiffened panel.
Change over Time in the Mechanical Properties of Geosynthetics Used in Coastal Protection in the South-Eastern Baltic
Authors: Chubarenko Boris , Domnin Dmitry , Simon Franz-Georg , Scholz Philipp , Leitsin Vladimir , Tovpinets Aleksander , Karmanov Konstantin , Esiukova Elena
Published: January 2023

The most massive design on the Baltic shore used geosynthetic materials, the landslide protection construction in Svetlogorsk (1300 m long, 90,000 m2 area, South-Eastern Baltic, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russian Federation) comprises the geotextile and the erosion control geomat coating the open-air cliff slopes. Due to changes in elastic properties during long-term use in the open air, as well as due to its huge size, this structure can become a non-negligible source of microplastic pollution in the Baltic Sea. Weather conditions affected the functioning of the structure, so it was assessed that geosynthetic materials used in this outdoor (open-air) operation in coastal protection structures degraded over time. Samples taken at points with different ambient conditions (groundwater outlet; arid places; exposure to the direct sun; grass cover; under landslide) were tested on crystallinity and strain at break. Tests showed a 39–85% loss of elasticity of the polymer filaments after 3 years of use under natural conditions. Specimens exposed to sunlight are less elastic and more prone to fail, but not as much as samples taken from shaded areas in the grass and under the landslide, which were the most brittle.
Insights into the Genomic and Phenotypic Landscape of the Oleaginous Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Bigey Frédéric , Pasteur Emilie , Połomska Xymena , Thomas Stéphane , Crutz-Le Coq Anne-Marie , Devillers Hugo , Neuvéglise Cécile
Published: January 2023

Although Yarrowia lipolytica is a model yeast for the study of lipid metabolism, its diversity is poorly known, as studies generally consider only a few standard laboratory strains. To extend our knowledge of this biotechnological workhorse, we investigated the genomic and phenotypic diversity of 56 natural isolates. Y. lipolytica is classified into five clades with no correlation between clade membership and geographic or ecological origin. A low genetic diversity (π = 0.0017) and a pan-genome (6528 genes) barely different from the core genome (6315 genes) suggest Y. lipolytica is a recently evolving species. Large segmental duplications were detected, totaling 892 genes. With three new LTR-retrotransposons of the Gypsy family (Tyl4, Tyl9, and Tyl10), the transposable element content of genomes appeared diversified but still low (from 0.36% to 3.62%). We quantified 34 traits with substantial phenotypic diversity, but genome-wide association studies failed to evidence any associations. Instead, we investigated known genes and found four mutational events leading to XPR2 protease inactivation. Regarding lipid metabolism, most high-impact mutations were found in family-belonging genes, such as ALK or LIP, and therefore had a low phenotypic impact, suggesting that the huge diversity of lipid synthesis and accumulation is multifactorial or due to complex regulations.
Effectiveness of Augmented and Virtual Reality-Based Interventions in Improving Knowledge, Attitudes, Empathy and Stigma Regarding People with Mental Illnesses—A Scoping Review
Authors: Tay Jing Ling , Xie Huiting , Sim Kang
Published: January 2023

Interventions adopting augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) modalities allow participants to explore and experience realistic scenarios, making them useful psycho-educational tools for mental illnesses. This scoping review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of AR/VR interventions in improving (1) knowledge, (2) attitudes, (3) empathy and (4) stigma regarding people with mental illnesses. Literature on published studies in English up till April 2022 was searched within several databases. Sixteen articles were included. The majority of studies were conducted in the West (93.8%), within undergraduates (68.8%) but also amongst high school students, patients, caregivers, public including online community, and covered conditions including psychotic illnesses, dementia, anxiety and depression. A preponderance of these included studies which employed AR/VR based interventions observed improvements in knowledge (66.7%), attitudes (62.5%), empathy (100%) and reduction of stigma (71.4%) pertaining to people with mental illnesses. In the context of relatively limited studies, extant AR/VR based interventions could potentially improve knowledge, attitudes, empathy and decrease stigma regarding people with mental illness. Further research needs to be conducted in larger and more diverse samples to investigate the relatively beneficial effects of different AR/VR modalities and the durability of observed improvements of relevant outcomes of interests over time for different mental conditions.
Flexible Risk Evidence Combination Rules in Breast Cancer Precision Therapy
Authors: Kenn Michael , Karch Rudolf , Singer Christian F. , Dorffner Georg , Schreiner Wolfgang
Published: January 2023

Evidence theory by Dempster-Shafer for determination of hormone receptor status in breast cancer samples was introduced in our previous paper. One major topic pointed out here is the link between pieces of evidence found from different origins. In this paper the challenge of selecting appropriate ways of fusing evidence, depending on the type and quality of data involved is addressed. A parameterized family of evidence combination rules, covering the full range of potential needs, from emphasizing discrepancies in the measurements to aspiring accordance, is covered. The consequences for real patient samples are shown by modeling different decision strategies.
Evaluation and Zoning of Cultivated Land Quality Based on a Space–Function–Environment
Authors: Xu Fei , Shao Yaping , Xu Baogen , Li Huan , Xie Xuefeng , Xu Yan , Pu Lijie
Published: January 2023

The multi-function characteristics of cultivated land have been widely recognized by researchers in China and globally, and it is important to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for future research on the evaluation and zoning of cultivated land quality based on a space–function–environment perspective. Spearman rank correlation analysis and cluster analysis were used to categorize cultivated land by its quality. This study developed a theoretical evaluation framework of the space–function–environment quality for cultivated land and constructed a total of 23 indicators of cultivated land quality in three dimensions. The framework was applied to a case study that evaluated and zoned cultivated land quality based on a space–function–environment perspective. The results showed that the synergies and tradeoffs among spatial quality, functional quality and environmental quality, and the influences of the three on cultivated land quality are mutually restricted and act together. The cultivated land in Qujiang District can be divided into five types of areas according to the cold and hot spot analysis results of the secondary indexes of cultivated land spatial quality, functional quality and environmental quality. Based on these results, different protection schemes are proposed for different cultivated land qualities.
L1 and L2 Language Attitudes: Polish and Italian Migrants in France and Ireland
Authors: Regan Vera
Published: January 2023

Until recently, research on language attitudes focused mainly on attitudes relating to speakers’ L1. However, with the increase in interest in multilingualism in a globalised world, there has been a renewed interest in language attitudes relating to L2 speakers. This article focuses on these issues in the context of migration: how language attitudes associated with migrants’ L1 and L2 may affect the L2 acquisition process. The attitudes of two L2 groups (Polish and Italian) are compared to see if, in the case of speakers learning different L2’s (French and Irish English), there was a difference based on the different contexts. Qualitative data and analysis were used to attend to the voices of the participants in the study. Analysis revealed differences in language attitudes amongst Polish migrants in France, Polish migrants in Ireland, and Italian migrants in Ireland that paralleled differences in L2 strategies. This supports recent research which indicates that attitudes associated with L2s play a more important role than was previously realised and should be considered alongside L1 language attitudes.
Spherocytosis-Related L1340P Mutation in Ankyrin Affects Its Interactions with Spectrin
Authors: Machnicka Beata , Czogalla Aleksander , Bogusławska Dżamila M. , Stasiak Piotr , Sikorski Aleksander F.
Published: January 2023

Previously, we reported a new missense mutation in the ANK1 gene that correlated with the hereditary spherocytosis phenotype. This mutation, resulting in L1340P substitution (HGMD CM149731), likely leads to the changes in the conformation of the ankyrin ZZUD domain important for ankyrin binding to spectrin. Here, we report the molecular and physiological effects of this mutation. First, we assessed the binding activity of human β-spectrin to the mutated ZZUDL1340P domain of ankyrin using two different experimental approaches—the study of association and dissociation responses of the spectrin–ankyrin binding domain and a sedimentation assay. In addition, we documented the changes in morphology caused by the overexpressed ankyrin ZZUD domain in human cell models. Our results prove the key role of the L1340 aa residue for the correct alignment of the ZZUD domain of ankyrin, which results in binding the latter with spectrin within the erythrocyte membrane. Replacing L1340 with a proline residue disrupts the spectrin-binding activity of ankyrin.
Effect of Microstructure of TiN /TiCN Layer on the Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of the Ti/TiN/TiCN Films
Authors: Lyu Yanhong , Zhang Qiaoyu , Liu Yang , Deng Xinrong , Sun Huilian , Mo Min
Published: January 2023

A direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) system at room temperature was applied to deposit the Ti/TiN/TiCN films. In order to research the effect of the microstructure of the TiN/TiCN layer on the Ti/TiN/TiCN films, the deposition time ratio of the TiN/TiCN layer ranged from 28.57 to 200%, and the whole deposition time of the films and the deposition time of Ti layer were constant. In this work, the relationship between structure and mechanical properties of films were investigated. The research results showed that the composition and structure of the films only slightly changed, while the crystalline orientation of the TiCN layer was of significant variation with the deposition time of the TiN layer. It is shown that the adhesion strength and internal stresses were 18.6 ± 1.5 N and 140 MPa when the deposition time ratio was 50%. By adjusting the deposition time ratio, the films displayed significant improvement in tribological behaviors. The coefficients of friction (COF) for the films deposited under deposition time ratio of 50% were about only 0.139 when the value of COF was stabilized. This work can provide a good wear-resisting film prepared approach at room temperature.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Magnetorheological Mount Considering Optimal Damping Force and Maximum Adjustable Coefficient
Authors: Fu Jianghua , Huang Chao , Shu Ruizhi , Li Xing-Quan , Chen Ming , Chen Zheming , Chen Bao
Published: January 2023

To address the problem of multiple working conditions and complex requirements in magnetorheological fluid (MRF) mounts, a high-precision damping characteristic optimization method is explored. Based on the parallel plate model, the equation of fluid motion in the inertial channel was established according to the Navier–Stokes equation, and the MRF mount damping characteristics were analyzed. Considering the fluid model to be suitable in the steady-state, the model was experimentally verified, and the extended equation was fitted. Multi-objective optimization design was carried out by considering the large damping force and adjustable coefficient as the optimization goal and external geometric dimensions as variables. According to results, under the radial-channel MRF mount structure, the magnet core depth has the least influence on the damping force; furthermore, the damping performance can be quickly improved by changing the height of the inertial channel. The addition of the extended equations further improved the accuracy of the fluid model. The multi-objective optimization design can improve the strength and uniformity of the flux density of the MRF mount damping gap. After optimization, the damping force is increased by 44.64%; moreover, when the current is increased from 1.5 to 1.8 A, the controllable force increases by only 2.26%, and the damping performance is fully exerted.
Semi−Supervised Hybrid Modeling of the Yeast Fermentation Process
Authors: Zhao Meng , Zhao Shunyi , Liu Fei
Published: January 2023

This study focuses on modeling the yeast fermentation process using the hybrid modeling method. To improve the prediction accuracy of the model and reduce the model training time, this paper presents a semi−supervised hybrid modeling method based on an extreme learning machine for the yeast fermentation process. The hybrid model is composed of the mechanism model and the residual model. The residual model is built from the residuals between the real yeast fermentation process and the mechanism model. The residual model is used in parallel with the mechanism model. Considering that the residuals might be related to the inaccurate parameters or structure of the process, the mechanism model output is taken as unlabeled data, and the suitable inputs are selected based on Pearson’s maximum correlation and minimum redundancy criterion (RRPC). Meanwhile, an extreme learning machine is employed to improve the model’s training speed while maintaining the model’s prediction accuracy. Consequently, the proposal proved its efficacy through simulation.
Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor Chip for Human Blood Groups Identification Assisted with Silver-Chromium-Hafnium Oxide
Authors: Pandey Purnendu Shekhar , Raghuwanshi Sanjeev Kumar , Singh Rajesh , Kumar Santosh
Published: January 2023

Chromium (Cr), silver (Ag) and hafnium oxide (HfO2) are used in a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor with an optimized design for measuring blood groups at a wavelength of 633 nm. A buffer layer was placed on the SPR active metal in this investigation to avoid oxidation and contamination of blood samples. A theoretical model based on experimental data considered the refractive index of blood samples. The BK7 prism is the optimum substrate material for blood type identification analysis using a combination of Ag and Cr as an SPR active metal. The sensor’s performance is carefully researched in terms of its angular shift and curve width to predict the design aspects that provide precise blood-group identification. The SPR dip slope, detection accuracy and figure of merit (FOM) have been investigated concerning the subsequent generation of biosensor applications.
The Correlation between Proliferative Immunohistochemical Markers and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Aggressiveness
Authors: Sheikh-Ahmad Mohammad , Shalata Yara , Bejar Jacob , Kreizman Shefer Hila , Sirhan Majd F. , Laniado Monica , Matter Ibrahim , Agbarya Abed , Reut Maria , Yovanovich Ekaterina , Saiegh Leonard
Published: January 2023

Background and Objectives: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is one of the most common malignancies of the endocrine system. In order to improve the ability to predict tumor behavior, several studies have been conducted to search for surrogate prognostic immunohistochemical tumor markers. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the intensity of different immunohistochemical marker staining in PTC and the risk for extrathyroidal extension and metastases. Materials and Methods: The study comprised patients who underwent hemi- or total thyroidectomy. Thyroid tissues were immunohistochemically stained for different tumor proliferative markers: Minichromosome maintenance proteins 2 (MCM2), Ki-67 labeling index, E-Cadherin, Neuropilin-1 and Metallothionein. The correlation between the intensity of each marker staining and the final diagnosis (benign neoplasm and PTC) and the correlation between the intensity of each staining and tumor extrathyroidal extension and metastases were evaluated. Results: The study included 66 patients. Staining for Metallothionein, E-Cadherin and MCM2 significantly differed between benign neoplasm (n = 22) and thyroid-confined PTC (n = 21) (p = 0.002, 0.004 and 0.005, respectively), between benign neoplasm and PTC with extrathyroidal extension (n = 11) (p = 0.001, 0.006 and 0.01, respectively), and between benign neoplasm and PTC with metastases (n = 12) (p = 0.01, <0.001 and 0.037, respectively). No staining correlated with extrathyroidal extension. The intensity of E-Cadherin staining was significantly lower in PTC with metastases than thyroid confined PTC and PTC with extrathyroidal extension (p = 0.028 and 0.021, respectively). Conclusions: Immunohistochemical staining for Metallothionein, E-Cadherin and MCM2 significantly distinguished between benign thyroid tumor and PTC. E-Cadherin staining significantly and inversely correlated with the presence of metastases.
Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Administration on the Intervertebral Disc in Low Back Pain Patients with Modic Type 1 Change: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Kawabata Soya , Hachiya Kurenai , Nagai Sota , Takeda Hiroki , Rashid Mohd Zaim Mohd , Ikeda Daiki , Kawano Yusuke , Kaneko Shinjiro , Ohno Yoshiharu , Fujita Nobuyuki
Published: January 2023

Background and Objectives: Modic type 1 is known to be associated with lower back pain (LBP), but at present, a treatment has not been fully established. Meanwhile, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used for tissue regeneration and repair in the clinical setting. There is no clinical PRP injection trial for the intervertebral disc of LBP patients with Modic type 1. Thus, this study aimed to verify PRP injection safety and efficacy in LBP patients with Modic type 1. As a preliminary experiment, two LBP cases with Modic type 1 are presented. Materials and Methods: PRP was administered intradiscally to two LBP patients with Modic type 1. PRP was obtained from the patients’ anticoagulated blood. Primary endpoints were physical condition, laboratory data, and X-ray for safety evaluation. Secondary endpoints were pain scores using the visual analog scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) to evaluate PRP efficacy. The observation period was 24 weeks after the PRP injection. In addition, changes in Modic type 1 using MRI were evaluated. Results: This study assessed two LBP patients with Modic type 1. There were no adverse events in physical condition, laboratory data, or lumbar X-rays after injection. Follow-up MRI showed a decrease of high signal intensity on T2WI compared to before PRP administration. The pain scores tended to improve after the injection. Conclusions: PRP injection into the intervertebral disc of LBP patients with Modic type 1 might be safe and effective. This analysis will be continued as a prospective study to establish the efficacy.