bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are We There Yet? Data Saturation in Qualitative Research
Authors: Fusch Patricia , Ness Lawrence
Published: March 2021

Failure to reach data saturation has an impact on the quality of the research conducted and hampers content validity. The aim of a study should include what determines when data saturation is achieved, for a small study will reach saturation more rapidly than a larger study. Data saturation is reached when there is enough information to replicate the study when the ability to obtain additional new information has been attained, and when further coding is no longer feasible. The following article critiques two qualitative studies for data saturation: Wolcott (2004) and Landau and Drori (2008). Failure to reach data saturation has a negative impact on the validity on one’s research. The intended audience is novice student researchers.
Accommodations in the College Setting: The Perspectives of Students Living with Disabilities
Authors: Timmerman Lorna , Mulvihill Thalia
Published: March 2021

Using a critical interpretive framework, the authors utilized semi-structured interviews to understand the experiences and perceptions of two college students living with disability concerning their use of accommodations, modifications, and adaptations in program requirements, classroom instruction, and testing. The central research questions were: “Are accommodations perceived as effective in supporting students with disabilities in their academic and social pursuits? Do students perceive that accommodations allow them maximum engagement and participation in their educational experiences?” and “To what extent are accommodations perceived by the participants as leveling the playing field for students with disabilities?” And, finally, “What do the participants perceive as the biggest obstacles to success for students with disabilities?” An understanding of the participants’ perceptions will enhance the overall awareness and appreciation for the experiences of students living with disability and will have direct implications for faculty-student interactions, student-to-student interactions as well as larger interactions within society.
Enhancing Students’ Understanding and Revision of Narrative Writing through Self-Assessment and Dialogue: A Qualitative Multi-Case Study
Authors: Baxa Stephanie
Published: March 2021

With students losing hope when faced with challenges in the classroom, daily student-involved formative assessment that contributes to a growth mindset is essential. Through self-assessment and dialogue, students can generate feedback used for improvement of their writing, and teachers can give feedback that fosters self-efficacy. The purpose of this qualitative multi-case study was to explore the growth of fifth-grade writers as they participated in self-assessment, writing conferences with their teacher, and story revision. Research questions focused on students’ ability to explain learning targets and strengths and weaknesses of their writing and their ability to revise their writing. The participants, two male and one female, were randomly chosen from the teacher/researcher’s fifth-grade classroom in a large public school in the Midwest. Data sources included audio-recorded interviews and writing conferences, student-written work and self-assessments, and teacher assessments and notes. Self-assessment and dialogue with the teacher served as tools for providing feedback to the student and the teacher. Throughout implementation of the instructional strategies, students were able to talk about the learning targets and the strengths and weaknesses of their writing and were motivated and able to revise their writing. Limitations of the study included the length of the study and diversity of participants. Suggestions for future research included exploring ways to elicit more student feedback and the impact of teacher language during writing conferences on the self-efficacy of students.
Sampling in Qualitative Research: Insights from an Overview of the Methods Literature
Authors: Gentles Stephen , Charles Cathy , Ploeg Jenny , McKibbon K. Ann
Published: March 2021

The methods literature regarding sampling in qualitative research is characterized by important inconsistencies and ambiguities, which can be problematic for students and researchers seeking a clear and coherent understanding. In this article we present insights about sampling in qualitative research derived from a systematic methods overview we conducted of the literature from three research traditions: grounded theory, phenomenology, and case study. We identified and selected influential methods literature from each tradition using a purposeful and transparent procedure, abstracted textual data using structured abstraction forms, and used a multistep approach for deriving conclusions from the data. We organize the findings from this review into eight topic sections corresponding to the major domains of sampling identified in the review process: definitions of sampling, usage of the term sampling strategy, purposeful sampling, theoretical sampling, sampling units, saturation, sample size, and the timing of sampling decisions. Within each section we summarize how the topic is characterized in the corresponding literature, present our comparative analysis of important differences among research traditions, and offer analytic comments on the findings for that topic. We identify several specific issues with the available guidance on certain topics, representing opportunities for future methods authors to improve our collective understanding.
Field Recording or Field Observation?: Audio Meets Method in Qualitative Research
Authors: Smiley Sam
Published: March 2021

The field observation, an ethnographic practice of collecting data and information about a given social setting and situation is often used in preliminary research to have an understanding of the community one is researching. However, from an artist/musician's perspective, the field observation has many commonalities with techniques used in audio field recording. How can field recording be used in parallel with field observations to explore and understand a community through art? This essay will begin with a comparison of field observations and field recordings as methods in their own disciplines, and continue with the concept of “attention” in art, music, science and anthropology. It will follow and conclude with a project that looks at combining qualitative research and art to explore a community of gardeners through recorded interviews and sounds. The work of Pauline Oliveros, Walter S. Gershon, Clifford Geertz, Anne McCrary Sullivan, and Steven Feld will be important in making the connections across disciplines.
Public Perceptions of the Stigmatization of Wrongly Convicted Individuals: Findings from Semi-Structured Interviews
Authors: Blandisi Isabella , Clow Kimberley , Ricciardelli Rosemary
Published: March 2021

Many exonerees report stigmatizing experiences and difficulties securing gainful employment post-incarceration. Although researchers have begun to investigate public perceptions of wrongful conviction, there remains a dearth of knowledge about public perceptions of exonerees. To provide insight into how the public perceives exonerees, face-to-face interviews were conducted with members (n=30) of a suburban city in South Central Ontario. Data analysis included a constructed grounded approach to reveal emergent themes in the transcripts. All interviewees acknowledged that wrongly convicted individuals are stigmatized by the public and that this can have negative effects in many of their lived experiences. In addition, findings of this exploratory study suggest that some interviewees, indirectly or directly, stigmatize exonerees in their responses while being interviewed—lending insight into how the public views and reacts to exonerees. Findings and policy implications are theoretically framed in Erving Goffman’s (1963) seminal work on stigma. Implications include the potential role of research and education in informing community members, and all levels of government, about wrongful convictions in general, and the negative implications of stigma, in particular.
OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE, BOARD SIZE, BOARD COMPOSITION AND DIVIDEND POLICY: NEW EVIDENCE FROM TWO EMERGING MARKETS
Authors:   Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan., Shahid Muhammad Sadiq
Published: March 2021

Good corporate governance practices build equilibrium between management and shareholders and eliminate agency problems, as results managers pursue a suboptimal dividend policy. The aim of this study is to examine the potential relationship between ownership structure, board size, board composition, CEO duality and dividend policy of 176 listed firms at KSE and 280 listed firms at BSI from 2010-2015. We used pooled OLS regression test to analyze the association between corporate governance determinants and dividend policy. Among other methods, VIF and Hausman tests had been used to check the fitting of Random effects and fixed effects, while fixed effect method was chosen to test the hypothesis. We discover a positive association between managerial ownership, board size, board independent and dividend policy, while a negative association of ownership concentration and dividend policy. Finally, it is observed that there is a positive impact of return on assets (ROA) and size on dividend policy. This study will contribute to the existing literature through investigating the impact of corporate governance on dividend policies of listed firms in emerging markets.
TAX SPARING Y MATCHING CREDIT: ¿MEDIDAS PARA INCENTIVAR INVERSIONES EXTRANJERAS O PARA FOMENTAR LA DOBLE NO TRIBUTACIÓN?
Authors: Barreto Arhayliz Marian Travieso
Published: March 2021

Este articulo estará enfocado en revisar los conceptos de tax sparing y matching credit, cómo los mismos son normalmente incluidos en la política de tratados de países en desarrollo, especialmente en Latinoamérica (“LATAM”), la evolución que han tenido en el contexto de derecho tributario internacional y hasta qué punto son alternativas eficientes para la atracción de inversion extranjera o si son utilizadas por los contribuyentes como medidas de planificación fiscal y de inversión de corto plazo.
Homestay Development Strategies in Cibodas Village
Authors:   Universitas Nasional,Jakarta, Demolingo Ramang H
Published: March 2021

Rural areas have quite unique opportunities to attract tourists by building relationships between them and their cultural, historical, ethnic and geographical roots. However, currently the existing homestay has not been included into tourist’ package products, so that it can become a tourist attraction for tourists. This phenomenon causes existing homestays to only be used as accommodation or accommodation facilities. In fact, homestays can also offer a variety of interesting activities related to the culture and social life of the local community. Therefore, in developing a homestay it is very important to involve the local community as a tourist attraction. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential of the Cibodas village as an educational tourist attraction. In addition, to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges of developing homestay in Cibodas tourism village as an educational empowerment attraction based on community empowerment as well. The last one is to formulate a homestay development strategy. In order for this research could be conducted thoroughly and achieves goals that are in accordance to the expectations of the researcher, multi-method approach of qualitative and quantitative method will be applied.
Issues of Ethnic Benefits in Ho Chi Minh
Authors:   Thu Dau Mot University (TDMU), Binh Duong, Vietnam, Tram Assoc. Prof, Dr. Pham Ngoc
Published: March 2021

Ho Chi Minh is the eminent political leader of the nation and the Communist Party of Vietnam, one of the major politicians in the world. Ho Chi Minh's ideology on national interests is the viewpoints expressed deeply in Party building, formation and state construction of the people, by the people, for the people. From a historical point of view, the article uses historical methods and qualitative analysis to clarify the issue of national interests - Ho Chi Minh's core political ideology expressed through the work of Duong Kach Menh. The article argues that the national interest in Ho Chi Minh's thought is a creative philosophy, philosophy, thought of action, meeting the aspiration of independence and freedom of the entire nation, in accordance with the context. Specific aspects of the Vietnamese revolution and inherited and applied by the Communist Party of Vietnam in the current country development policy.
SOCIOLINGUISTIC POTENTIAL OF POLYPREDICATIVE SYNTAXIC CONSTRUCTIONS AND THE PROBLEMS OF ITS STUDY
Authors:   Senior Lecturer, Department of Contemporary Russian Language, Faculty of Russian Philology, Uzbek State World Languages University, SHAKURBANOVA NADEJDA EMROVNA
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the sociolinguistic potential of polypredicative syntactic constructions, defining the principles of analysis of multi-term complex sentences and complex sentences of a complicated type, describing the position of choosing the social roles considered in the work and justifying the inclusion of the interpersonal role “narrator” in the concept of social role in a literary text. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the need to study the syntax of the modern Russian language in the sociolinguistic aspect, since at present the sociolinguistic approach is applied only to phonetics, vocabulary, phraseology. We have not identified significant studies related to the analysis of the syntactic structure of the Russian language, and in particular, polypredicative syntactic constructions presented in the sociolinguistic aspect. Therefore, it seems to us interesting to consider this problem.
Gestión del talento humano bajo la perspectiva de la complejidad en la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bogotá.
Authors:   Alianza de Investigadores Internacional ALININ, Figueroa Valencia Adriana , Uribe Camacho Manuel ,   Alianza de Investigadores Internacional ALININ
Published: March 2021

El propósito de la investigación se orientó a responder la pregunta: ¿Cómo la Complejidad incide en la Gestión del Talento Humano de los empleados Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia (UCC) Sede Bogotá? A partir de este propósito se generó como objetivo general, determinar la incidencia de la complejidad en la gestión del talento humano en la UCC, sede Bogotá, desde el estudio realizado por la ARL, en el año 2013, para el mejoramiento de su calidad de vida laboral. Para ello, se plantearon los objetivos específicos de la investigación, iniciando por reconocer los sustentos del departamento de gestión humana para lograr la calidad de vida laboral en los empleados de la Universidad; analizar los resultados del estudio realizado por la ARL Colmena en el año 2013, bajo la perspectiva de la complejidad. Seguidamente, se procedió a generar una propuesta que permita la apropiación de las políticas del departamento de gestión humana en los empleados de la Universidad y crear estrategias que permitan mejorar la calidad de vida de los empleados. Es así como se analizan las variables: estilo de liderazgo y dirección - trabajo en equipo, relaciones sociales y comunicación, realización personal, autonomía – control sobre el trabajo, reconocimiento de aportes, condiciones de trabajo, retribución, participación en el cambio, claridad del rol y capacitación, así como desarrollo. Los resultados permitieron concluir que cada una de las variables analizadas están directamente relacionadas con el quehacer de los empleados de la Universidad estos tienen una percepción positiva acerca de la misma; es así como sobresale la variable reconocimiento de aportes, como la mejor puntuada. Así mismo, se ha encontrado que, desde el departamento de gestión humana de esta casa de estudios universitarios, se gestan acciones y actividades permanentes, tendientes a lograr la calidad de vida laboral en sus empleados.
Matices de la planificación del desarrollo sostenible desde la complejidad
Authors:   Universidad del Sinú Elías Bechara Zainúm, Barbera Alvarado Nataliya , Payares Loyo Lesbia Coromoto ,   Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero, Camejo López Lyneth Haymara ,   Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero, Chirinos Araque Yamarú del Valle ,   Universidad Católica Luis Amigó
Published: March 2021

El propósito de esta investigación se orientó a comprender la planificación del desarrollo sostenible desde la complejidad creciente. Se abordó teóricamente a partir de los postulados de López y García (2011) y Castellano (2006 y 2008) en materia de planificación; por otra parte, Boisier (2003 y 2004), Utria (2002) y Xercavins, y Otros (2005) como fundamento del desarrollo sostenible y; finalmente, Prigogine y Stengar (1997) aportan la visión de complejidad. Es un estudio de tipo documental, para lo cual se empleó la técnica análisis de contenidos, lo que permitió procesar los textos como unidad del estudio en referencia. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron concluir que la planificación del desarrollo sostenible desde la complejidad valora el enriquecimiento multidimensional ante la naturaleza incierta, inestable y no lineal del proceso de planificación; por lo tanto, se enfoca en la dimensión humanística, en el espacio local y en la sostenibilidad. Se trata de una nueva visión que implica un abordaje interdisciplinario que hace posible la búsqueda de las estructuras que conectan los fenómenos dentro de la malla de relaciones con el contexto, a partir de la identificación de los nudos interdependientes de las partes de un sistema y éste a su vez con el contexto del cual forma parte. En resumen, es una planificación que direcciona la acción hacia un desarrollo sostenible ambientalmente no degradable, técncamente apropiado, económicamente viable y socialmente aceptable.
Branding sensorial y recordación de marca en adolescentes. Estudio de caso Colombia
Authors:   Universidad Agustiniana, Calderón Garzón Sandra Patricia , Caviedes Caviedes Sandra Patricia ,   Universidad Agustiniana, Chaparro Guevara Rosa Alexandra ,   Universidad Agustiniana
Published: March 2021

El Branding sensorial utiliza los sentidos para gestionar el posicionamiento de marca, conectando de manera inmediata la percepción de estímulos sensoriales con la recordación de marca para influenciar el comportamiento de consumo, por lo tanto, es un insumo importante para el desarrollo de estrategias de marketing. Los adolescentes, se encuentran en un periodo de cambios a nivel fisiológico, psicológico y social que intervienen en la percepción del entorno y en el anclaje de recuerdos, este consumidor es de interés para las empresas que pretenden cautivar a los futuros compradores. La presente investigación busca reconocer los aspectos de mayor influencia en la recordación de marca para el segmento de los adolescentes en la categoría de ropa y accesorios, a partir de la estimación de los tres sentidos que más se estimulan comercialmente (visión, audición y olfato). Investigación de tipo mixto, cuasi experimental, recolección de datos mediante grupo focal y muestreo por conglomerados con distribución aleatoria de sujetos, recolección de datos a través de panel sensorial, análisis de datos con correspondencias múltiples. Resultados evidencian que las marcas recordadas y admiradas no son las más compradas. El sexo incide en la percepción de estímulos sensoriales y recordación de marca. Los estímulos visuales y olfativos tienen mayor incidencia en la recordación de marca.
Nurse Approach in the Treatment of Piabetic Foot Ulcers with the Management of Negative Pressure Therapy
Authors:   PhD. Nursing and Physiotherapy Department. University of Castilla-La Mancha. Spain, Álvaro Astasio Picado
Published: March 2021

The global increase of Diabetes Mellitus represents serious complications for those who suffer from it, the most frequent complications are diabetic foot ulcers and amputations derived from them. Currently, negative pressure therapy (NPT) is used as an advanced therapy for the treatment of this type of ulcers. This novel therapy promises numerous advantages for the nursing approach to patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Therefore, the objective of this narrative review is to prove the effectiveness of the negative pressure therapy as a treatment for diabetic foot ulcers. The search of the articles was carried out in several scientific databases with the help of a searching chain, which combined the keywords and boolean operators. 16 studies were selected, which indicated that NPT as a treatment for diabetic foot ulcers provides benefits such as promoting the formation of granulation tissue, healing and closing of the ulcer in a shorter time, as well as reducing ulcer depth and area and even decreases the bacterial load, the rate of amputations and reulcerations. Hence, NPT is an effective therapy that should be applied to clinical practice
Excel Files for Teaching Caustics of Rainbow and Lenses
Authors:   Department of Primary Education, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece, Mihas Pavlos
Published: March 2021

In this paper, Software is presented for teaching through interactive demonstrations about caustics on rainbows and lenses. At first, we explore the caustics on rainbows since they are amenable to analytic calculations. We find 4 kinds of caustics: 2 internal (of first refraction and reflection) and 2 externals (second refraction and exciting from the back of the drop, and 2nd refraction emerging on the front). We examine caustics of lenses constructed by two spherical surfaces. We explore the ray diagrams and wave fronts and give methods for finding the caustics. We also examine the case of thick lens and the caustics due to reflection
UPAYA PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA TERHADAP KONSEP BARISAN DAN DERET ARITMATIKA MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD DI KELAS IX-D SMPN 3 CIBARUSAH KABUPATEN BEKASI
Authors: NAUFAL NAUFAL
Published: March 2021

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dalam kegiatan pembelajaran matematika tentang barisan dan deret aritmatika, sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan hasil belajar siswa. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut penulis melakukan penelitian di SMP Negeri 3 Cibarusah Kabupaten Bekasi. subyek penelitian berjumlah 42 siswa yang duduk dikelas IX-D.  Penelitian menggunakan  Tindakan Kelas dengan 2 siklus, setiap siklus melalui empat tahapan kegiatan yaitu perencanaan,  tindakan, pengamatan, refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa sebelum dilakukan tindakan dengan setelah dilakukan tindakan. Sebelum dilakukan tindakan (Pra Siklus) diperoleh rata-rata 54,40. Pada siklus kesatu mencapai rata-rata 71,19 dan Siklus kedua mencapai rata-rata 80,71. Dengan demikian secara statistik terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan pada prosentase proses belajar dan hasil belajar siswa sebelum dilakukan tindakan dengan sesudah dilakukan tindakan baik pada siklus kesatu maupun siklus kedua. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerpan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika dari 57,14 % siklus 1 menjadi 88,10 % pada siklus 2, hal ini berarti ada peningkatan sebesar 30,96 % .
Criterios definidores y conceptuales del enfoque basado en derechos humanos: de la teoría a la práctica
Authors: CHACÓN MATA Alfonso
Published: March 2021

LABURPENA: «Giza Eskubideetan Oinarritutako Ikuspegiaren» irismena azaltzeko asmoa dauka artikulu honek, zer-nolako aldagaiak eta kontzeptuak biltzen dituen ulertze aldera. Horren bilakaeraz eta indarraldiaz arituko gara, bai eta horren modalitate aplikatua nola nabarmentzen den azalduko ere. Horretarako, Nazio Batuen Erakundearen esparruan garatu diren ekarpenak eta gaiaren inguruko doktrina aditua erabiliko ditugu. Administrazio Publikoan duen indarra ezin ukatuzkoa da; izan ere, estatuak eta horri atxikitako erakundeek oso kontuan eduki behar dute politika publikoak norbanakoen eta komunitateen beharrei arreta ematen ari zaien jakiteko balio duela ikuspegi horrek, edota politika publiko horiek kontu emanez gardentasun publikoa eratzen ari diren nahiz edozelako diskriminazioa saihesten ari diren jakiteko balio duela. Azkenik, ikuspegi horrek Giza Eskubideen Gorte Interamerikarraren jurisprudentzia-aurrekari batzuetan duen indarraldia eta eragina aztertuko dira. RESUMEN: El presente artículo tiene la intención de exponer los alcances del «Enfoque Basado en Derechos Humanos», con la finalidad de entender que variables y conceptos involucra. Haremos un recuento de su evolución, vigencia y cómo se evidencia su modalidad aplicada, a través de diferentes aportes desarrollados en el marco de la Organización de Naciones Unidas, así como de la doctrina estudiosa del tema. Su vigencia en la Administración Pública es de primer orden, puesto que el Estado y sus entidades adscritas, deben tener muy en cuenta que el enfoque citado, sirve para conocer si las políticas públicas, están atendiendo necesidades de individuos y comunidades concretas; generando transparencia pública a través de rendición de cuentas, así como evitando cualquier tipo de discriminación. Finalmente, se analizará su vigencia e impacto en algunos antecedentes jurisprudenciales de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. ABSTRACT: This article intends to expose the scope of the «Human Rights Based Approach», in order to understand what variables and concepts it involves. We will recount its evolution, validity and how its applied modality is evidenced, through different contributions developed within the framework of the United Nations, as well as the doctrine studious of the subject. Its validity in the Public Administration is of the first order, since the State and its affiliated entities must take into account that the aforementioned approach serves to know if public policies are addressing the needs of specific individuals and communities; Generating public transparency through accountability, as well as avoiding any type of discrimination. Finally, its validity and impact will be analyzed in some jurisprudential antecedents of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.
Las cláusulas sociales en el proyecto de Ley de Contratos del Sector Público y el nuevo paradigma de la contratación pública
Authors: ROMEO RUIZ Aritz
Published: March 2021

LABURPENA: Europa 2020 estrategiak balioetsi duenez, kontratazio publikoa tresna egokia da sozialki integratzailea, berdea eta berrikuntza-sustatzailea izango den hazkundea lortzeari begira. Europar Batasuneko Justizia Auzitegiaren jurisprudentzia-doktrinak klausula sozialak sartzea onartu du, baina kontratazio publikoaren printzipioak (funtsean, lehia askea) ez mugatzeko baldintzapean. Horrela, bada, 2004ko zuzentarauek jurisprudentzia-doktrina positibizatu zuten. Zuzentarauen laugarren belaunaldiak, berriz, paradigma-aldaketa ekarri du. Horren bidez, kontratazio publikoa erabiltzen da gizarteratzeko politikak, ingurumen-politikak eta berrikuntza-politikak sustatzeko bitarteko apropos gisara. Sektore Publikoko Kontratuei buruzko Legearen proiektuaren bidez ari da jorratzen 2014/24 Zuzentarauaren transposizioa. Klausula sozialen arloan, kontratazio publikoaren paradigma berriari erantzuten al dio proiektuak? Kontu horixe jorratu nahi da lan honen bidez.

RESUMEN: La Estrategia Europa 2020 ha considerado que la contratación pública es un instrumento adecuado para lograr un crecimiento socialmente integrador, verde y que fomente la innovación. La incorporación de cláusulas sociales ha sido aceptada por la doctrina jurisprudencial del TJUE, aunque condicionada a no limitar los principios de la contratación pública, fundamentalmente la libre competencia. Así, las directivas de 2004 positivizaron la doctrina jurisprudencial. La cuarta generación de directivas, por su parte, ha introducido un cambio de paradigma que instrumentaliza la contratación pública como medio idóneo para el fomento de políticas de integración social, ambiental y de innovación. La transposición de la Directiva 2014/24 se está abordando mediante el Proyecto de Ley de Contratos del Sector Público. ¿Responde el proyecto al nuevo paradigma de la contratación pública en materia de cláusulas sociales? Esa es la cuestión que pretende abordarse a través del presente trabajo.

ABSTRACT: The Europa 2020 strategy found public procurement to be an adequate tool for achieving a socially and green integrative growth and that promotes innovation. The incorporation of social clauses has been accepted by the case law doctrine of the EUCJ, although subjected to not to curtail public procurement principles, mainly free competition. Thus, 2004 Directives positivize the case law doctrine. The fourth generation of Directives, in turn, has introduced a paradigm shift that uses the public procurement as an ideal way to promote social integration, environment and innovation policies. The transposition of the directive 2014/24 is being carried out by means of the Bill on Public Contracts. Does this bill answer to the new paradigm in public procurement as far as social clauses are concerned? That is the issue we try to deal with in this work.
La democracia directa como alternativa a la democracia representativa: algunas lecciones desde la experiencia suiza
Authors: RUIZ VIEYTEZ Eduardo J.
Published: March 2021

LABURPENA: Azken urteotan, erreferenduma gehiago erabiltzea proposatu dute hainbat sektore sozial eta politikok, herritarrek parte hartzeko mekanismoa izan dadin eta gure sistemaren birsorkuntza demokratikoa ekar dezan. Europako testuinguruan, Suitzak erabiltzen du gehien erreferenduma. Suitzako esperientziak erakusten duenez, erreferenduma sarri erabiltzea ez dago arazo politiko eta juridikoetatik salbuetsita. Lehenengoen artean, hautesleen parte-hartzea txikia izaten dela, populismoa areagotu egiten dela eta, giza eskubideei eragin diezaieketen arren, herritarren erabakiak goresten dituen kultura politikoa eratzen dela aipa daiteke. Erreferendumean onartutako xedapenek nazioarteko arauei aurka egiten dietenean, zailtasun handiak agertzen dira arlo juridikoan; zehazki, giza eskubideen eremuan. Gure sistema politikoan erreferendumaren erabilera areagotzeko orduan, faktore horiek aintzat hartu behar dira. RESUMEN: En los últimos años varios sectores sociales y políticos han propuesto un mayor uso del referéndum como mecanismo de participación popular y de regeneración democrática de nuestro sistema. En el contexto europeo Suiza es el país que más profusamente hace uso del referéndum. Su experiencia suiza muestra que la utilización frecuente del referéndum no está exenta de problemas políticos y jurídicos. Entre los primeros pueden citarse la baja participación del electorado, el aumento del populismo y la configuración de una cultura política que ensalza las decisiones populares aun en los casos en los que éstas puedan afectar a los derechos humanos. En el plano jurídico se plantean importantes dificultades cuando las disposiciones aprobadas en referéndum contradicen normas de carácter internacional, en particular en el ámbito de los derechos humanos. Estos factores deben ser tenidos en cuenta a la hora de incrementar el uso del referéndum en nuestro sistema político. ABSTRACT: In the last years, several social and political sectors have suggested a more frequent and efficient use of referendum as a mechanism for political participation and democratic regeneration in our system. Within the European context, Switzerland is the country that most frequently uses the referendum. Its experience shows that a frequent use of referendum is not free from political and legal problems. Among the political concerns, it can be mentioned ta low turnout, an emerging populism and a peculiar political culture that enshrines popular will even in the cases in which this might go against human rights. From the legal perspective, important difficulties can be found when clauses adopted by referendum go against international legal standards, particularly in the field of human rights. These problematic factors must be seriously considered in a possible increase of the use of referendum in our constitutional system.
Actuaciones y argumentaciones umbrosas (A propósito de una STS del Pleno de la Sala de lo Contencioso-Administrativo)
Authors: IGARTUA SALAVERRÍA Juan
Published: March 2021

LABURPENA: Garrantzitsua da modu onek gida dezatela gure erakundeen funtzionamendua, alde batetik jarduera ilunak eta, bestetik, tratu bereiziak saihestuz. Iruzkingilearen iritziz, bi betekizun horiek ez dira behar bezala errespetatu ez Auzitegiko epaiketan amaitu zuen benetako historian, ez historia horretaz arduratu zen epaiketaren epaian. Kritikagarriak dira bai jokaera batzuk (Botere Judizialaren Kontseilu Nagusiaren barruan gertatutakoak), bai arrazoiketa ugaritan edukitako antzeko jarrera (3. salarena). Hori guzti hori, Kontseiluko Batzorde Iraunkorra berritzeko akordioaren harira eta Administrazioarekiko Auzien Salaren aurrean inpugnatu ostean.

RESUMEN: Importa que las buenas maneras presidan el funcionamiento de nuestras instituciones evitando —por un lado— las oscuras actuaciones y los desiguales tratos —por el otro—. En opinión del comentarista, ambos requisitos no han sido convenientemente respetados ni en la historia real que desembocó en el juicio ante el Tribunal ni en la sentencia de éste que se ocupó de aquélla. Criticables algunos comportamientos (en el seno del CGPJ) y actitud nada equidistante (de la Sala 3ª) en no pocos de sus razonamientos. Todo ello con ocasión del Acuerdo para renovar la Comisión Permanente del Consejo y de su posterior impugnación ante la Sala de lo Contencioso-Administrativo.

ABSTRACT: Good manners matter when presiding over the functioning of our institutions by avoiding —on one side— shady dealings and unequal treatments —on the other—. In the opinion of the commentator, both requirements have not been duly respected nor in the real story that led in the trial before the Court nor in the ruling by this latter when dealing with the former. Objectionable as they were some behaviors (within the General Council of the Judiciary) and with a non equidistant attitude (by the Third chamber) in many of its reasonings. All of it at the time of the Agreement to renew the Permanent committee of the Council and its posterior challenge before the Contentious-Administrative chamber.
Europako Ingurumen Zuzenbidearen oinarrien eta printzipioen eboluzioa eta egungo egoera: Tratatuak, Ekintza Programak eta Estrategiak
Authors: GARCÍA LUPIOLA Asier
Published: March 2021

LABURPENA: Ingurumen Zuzenbidearen eremuan, Europar Batasun osoaren oinarrizko araudia Europako Jatorrizko Zuzenbidean ezarritakoaren arabera dago zehaztuta, garatu beharreko helburuek eta printzipioek ezartzen dituzten tresnekin batera, Europako ingurumen sistema juridikoaren gailurra osatuz, ordenamendu nazionalen gainetik lehentasuna izatean. Lan honek ingurumen gaietan indarrean dagoen Europako araudiaren oinarrien garapena eta eboluzioa aztertzen ditu. Horretarako, Tratatuak, ekintza programak, eta estrategia nagusiak aztertu dira, ingurumenaren arloan hartutako aurrenetako erabakietatik gaurdaino.

RESUMEN: En el ámbito del Derecho ambiental, la normativa básica en el conjunto de la Unión Europea viene determinada por lo establecido en el Derecho Originario europeo, que junto a los instrumentos que establecen los objetivos y principios a desarrollar, forman la cúspide del sistema jurídico ambiental europeo, al primar sobre los ordenamientos nacionales. El presente trabajo analiza el desarrollo y la evolución de los fundamentos de la normativa europea vigente en lo que respecta al medio ambiente. Para ello, se estudian los Tratados, los programas de acción, y las estrategias principales desde las primeras decisiones en materia medioambiental hasta la actualidad.

ABSTRACT: In the area of environmental law, the basic legislation in the European Union is determined by the European Origin Law, which conforms the apex of the European environmental legal system, together with the instruments establishing the objectives and principles to be developed, and it is situated above national regulations. This paper analyzes the development and evolution of the fundamentals of the current European legislation on the environment. To this end, the Treaties, the action programs, and the main strategies are studied from the first environmental decisions to the present.
COLECTIVOS VULNERABLES Y CRISIS ECONÓMICA EN EUROPA. UNA VISIÓN DESDE LA IDENTIDAD DE GÉNERO
Authors: CORCHETE MARTÍN MARÍA JOSÉ
Published: March 2021

El Estado social no debe presuponerse. La crisis económica que
estamos viviendo en esta última década nos vuelve a mostrar su fragilidad y sus
consecuencias sociales, siempre asimétricas. La ruptura de la cohesión social saca
a la luz la marginación social, económica y política. La Constitución pierde vigencia
en tiempos de crisis. ¿Cómo responder a las demandas de los grupos vulnerables?
Este trabajo pretende analizar, en este contexto, el derecho a la identidad
de género, especialmente en relación con el derecho a la salud. Los avances y retrocesos,
con la escasez de recursos económicos como pretexto, nos llevan a demostrar
la necesidad de un cambio en la manera de actuar y de gestionar dichos
recursos por parte de los poderes públicos. La gobernanza multinivel como instrumento
de impulso, de colaboración y de control de las políticas públicas para garantizar
la igualdad real y efectiva de las personas transexuales.

Estatu soziala ez da berezkotzat hartu behar. Azken hamarkadan
bizi dugun krisi ekonomikoak garbi erakutsi digu, berriz ere, zein hauskorra den eta
zer-nolako ondorioak dituen gizartean, ondorio asimetrikoak beti. Gizarte-kohesioa
apurtu izanak marginazio soziala, ekonomikoa eta politikoa dakar argitara. Krisigaraietan
Konstituzioa indarrik gabe geratzen da. Nola erantzun talde zaurgarrien
eskariei? Azter dezagun, testuinguru horretan, genero-nortasunerako eskubidea,
batez ere osasunerako eskubidearekin loturik. Baliabide ekonomiko gutxi zegoela
aitzakia harturik atzera eta aurrera ibili izanak erakusten digu botere publikoek
beste era batera jardun behar dutela eta beste era batera kudeatu behar dituztela
baliabide horiek. Maila anitzeko gobernamendua tresna egokia izan daiteke transexualen
benetako berdintasuna bultzatzeko, lankidetzan aritzeko eta politika publikoak
kontrolatzeko.

The Welfare State should not be presupposed. The economic crisis
that we are living in this last decade again shows us its fragility and its social
consequences, always asymmetrical. The breakdown of social cohesion brings
social, economic and political marginalization to light. The Constitution loses its
force in times of crisis. How to respond to the demands of vulnerable groups?
This paper aims to analyze, in this context, the right to gender identity, especially
in relation to the right to health. The advances and setbacks, with the scarcity of
economic resources as a pretext, lead us to demonstrate the need for a change
in the way of acting and to manage these resources by the public authorities.
Multilevel governance as a tool for boosting, collaborating and controlling public
policies to ensure real and effective equality of transsexual people.
Een patiënte gered door alcohol
Authors: HEYSELBERGHS B. , WAELKENS B. , KINDT K. , MEERSSEMAN P.
Published: March 2021

A patient saved by alcohol

The medical history of a 43-year-old female patient with auto-intoxication of ethylene glycol is reported. Ethylene glycol is a toxic alcohol leading to severe complications if not treated early.

Ethylene glycol itself is relatively nontoxic, however life-threatening toxicity appears after metabolization in the liver. These toxic metabolites lead to metabolic acidosis, renal failure, multiple organ failure and death. A quick diagnosis and therapeutic management are important to avoid formation of the metabolites.

Serum drug levels give certainty regarding diagnosis, but are rarely available in time to guide management. There is often a strong suspicion or clear history of auto-intoxication. Shortly after large ingestions, patients may present with sedation or inebriation and have a large osmolar gap, but minimal acidosis. After several hours a profound metabolic acidosis with high anion gap will be present.

Management involves supportive care, administration of sodium bicarbonate to correct systemic acidosis, inhibition of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase with either fomepizole or ethanol, haemodialysis and treatment with cofactors to optimize nontoxic metabolic pathways.

Methanol poisoning is also discussed in this article, as methanol is another toxic alcohol with a similar therapeutic management.
Design of WiMAX Network for Istanbul Universities With OPNET
Authors:   Computer Techniques Engineering Dept., Al-esraa University College, Baghdad-Iraq., Mohamadwasel Noorulden Basil , Ahmed Abdala Mohammed ,   Head of Medical Instruments Techniques Engineering Dept., Al-Hussain University College, Karbala, Iraq
Published: March 2021

WiMAX- Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access-is an innovation standard for long-separation extend remote systems that incorporate both portable WiMAX 802.16e and fixed WiMAX 802.16d associations. WiMAX hardware exists in two essential structures base stations, WiMAX base station can give an inclusion region to an exceptionally enormous zone up to a span of 6 miles, WiMAX Receiver is likewise called client premise gear like a collector hub in Antenna. Right now, Istanbul colleges are associated with utilizing WiMAX innovation that improves the system bit rate and inclusion zone. Explicit qualities for WiMAX parameters have been picked that improve the greater part of the WiMAX organize parameters, for example, the general system delay, Packet End-to-End Delay, Throughput, Load, Traffic handset, and Packet Delay Variation. In Istanbul, specialized college hub has explicit parameters, for example, in cell sweep 3km and bearer recurrence 3 GHz and Channel Bandwidth 4.5 MHZ and the quantity of subcarriers 1024 and different colleges that not quite the same as college to college this relying upon the number of parameters which every college is diverse in parameters however it has a similar receiving wire increase and transmission power.
Mining User-aware Rare Sequential Topic Monitoring Pattern on Single Sign-on Document Stream in Multiple Web Applications
Authors:   Dept of Computer Science and Engineering, Jeppiaar SRR Engineering College, Chennai, India, F Mary Harin Fernandez
Published: March 2021

In this paper, Sequential Topic Patterns (STPs) technique is used to formulate the issues of User-aware Rare Sequential Topic Patterns (URSTPs) mining in Internet document soure. The Sequential Subject Pattern (STP) is used to define and track Internet users' customised and abnormal behaviours. In certain real - world contexts, STP is incorporated, such as tracking of irregular user behaviours. A set of algorithms are used in three stages to overcome innovative mining issues: first, pre-processing to retrieve probabilistic topics and define sessions for various users. Second, using pattern-growth, generating all the STP candidates with (predicted) support factors for each user. Third, by doing user-aware rarity evaluation on derived STPs, choosing URSTPs.
GÊNERO E REPRODUÇÃO SOCIAL NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR
Authors: Brumer Anita , Anjos Gabriele Dos
Published: March 2021

O texto apresenta questões analíticas sobre reprodução social na agricultura familiar, com base na bibliografia existente sobre o assunto. Examinando diferentes perspectivas relativas à reprodução social e na agricultura familiar, o texto dá ênfase a abordagens que consideram a sucessão geracional nesta atividade. Trata dos problemas relativos às articulações entre a sucessão na propriedade familiar e outras estratégias de reprodução social, como o êxodo rural, as migrações, o celibato e o estabelecimento de alianças matrimoniais. Por fim, aborda como a reprodução social na agricultura familiar pressupõe diferenças entre os sexos, em particular a exclusão das mulheres da sucessão na propriedade familiar. O estabelecimento destes problemas de análise permite propor uma agenda de pesquisa sobre a permanência de jovens e sobre a condição feminina na agricultura familiar.
TERRITORIALIZAÇÃO DO AGRONEGÓCIO E CONCENTRAÇÃO FUNDIÁRIA
Authors: Cavalcanti Matuzalem , Fernandes Bernardo Mançano
Published: March 2021

Analisamos, neste trabalho, o caráter concentrador do agronegócio como produto das diretrizes neoliberais. Para isso, tratamos sobre os mecanismos de apropriação de territórios no campo brasileiro como uma relação sincrônica com a conjuntura internacional. Com o desenvolvimento de nossas pesquisas, entendemos que o agronegócio é um fenômeno insustentável devido aos processos de concentração e exclusão que lhe são inerentes. Como referencial teórico, fundamentamos-nos nos esforços de abstração da realidade desenvolvidos no Nera (Núcleo de Estudos, Pesquisas e Projetos de Reforma Agrária) e em autores como Perry Anderson, Milton Santos, Gilberto Dupas, John Fraser Hart, Roger Burbach & Patricia Flynn e John H. Davis & Ray A. Goldberg. O desenvolvimento do trabalho conta com análise de um banco de dados próprio (Dataluta – Estrutura Fundiária), trabalhos de campo e uma ampla pesquisa em documentos históricos, jornais e trabalhos científicos. Esta pesquisa está vinculada ao projeto “Mudanças da Estrutura Fundiária de Mato Grosso”, financiada pela Fapesp (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo) e apoiada pelo Incra (Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária).
AGRONEGÓCIO E IDEOLOGIA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES TEÓRICAS
Authors: Bezerra Juscelino Eudâmidas
Published: March 2021

Nos últimos anos o debate sobre a conceituação do agronegócio tem superado o plano instrumental e assumido um caráter teórico mais avançado ao situar o agronegócio como atividade promotora de importantes transformações econômicas, culturais, políticas e espaciais. O resultado desse caminho é que hoje podemos considerar o agronegócio como um verdadeiro metametaconceito. No presente texto pretendemos contribuir teoricamente na elucidação da relação entre agronegócio e ideologia destacando os principais debates sobre o conceito de ideologia e como o agronegócio construiu um aparato discursivoideológico que impacta diretamente na dinâmica socioespacial brasileira.
LA PRODUCCIÓN FAMILIAR EN LA CUESTIÓN AGRARIA URUGUAYA
Authors: Rossi Virgínia
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo reflexiona sobre la cuestión agraria en Uruguay, retomando la cuestión campesina desde el modelo teórico de los clásicos marxistas y enfatizando sobre la singularidad del modo de producción familiar. Para ello se describen las particularidades que ha tenido el proceso de desarrollo tecnológico en el agro uruguayo. En el marco de un modelo de crecimiento que ha promovido las cadenas agroexportadoras, el aumento sostenido de la venta de tierras, la extranjerización y la transnacionalización de las empresas agropecuarias agudizan los procesos de concentración y desplazamiento de los productores familiares. Hoy, el uso de la tierra y los modos de producción están en el centro de sus reivindicaciones. Se retoman algunas aproximaciones conceptuales al modo de producción familiar, explicitando antecedentes y criterios instrumentales utilizados para la focalización de políticas públicas en el país. En el contexto político actual, se plantean los principales desafíos para la aplicación del nuevo Registro de Productores Familiares Agropecuarios a nivel nacional.