The effects of zinc supplementation on the TNF-a profile and diarrhea in severely malnourished children of low income family
Authors: As’ad Suryani , Yusuf Irawan 
Published: July 2013

<p>Zinc deficiency has a great impact on growth and development, especially in malnourished children. Zinc is important in both local and systemic immunity. 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mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> (TNF-<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">α</span>), and diarrhea in severely undernourished under-five children of low-income families. A randomized double blind pre-test post-test controlled design was selected. A group of 12-59 month-old children were given local food, and treated as control group (n=60), and another group (n=60) were given local food with 15 mg/5 ml zinc as intervention group. 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Data on nutrient intakes were collected using 24-hour food recall method. 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Zinc concentration increased 87.0% in the intervention group, while in the control group the increase was only 19.6%. There was a significant reduction of both serum and fecal TNF-<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">α</span> concentration after intervention (p&lt;0.05). Severity and duration of diarrhea were reduced significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group (p&lt;0.001). It was concluded that zinc intervention reduced the duration and severity of diarrhea through improvement of immunity, especially local immunity with TNF-<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">α</span> as biomarker. <strong><em>(Med J Indones 2003; 12: 247-51)</em> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> <em>undernourished children, zinc supplementation, diarrhea, TNF-α.</em></p>