bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Safe and Efficient Brain-Computer Interface Using Moving Object Trajectories and LED-Controlled Activation
Authors: AYDIN SEFA , GOKREM Levent , MELEK Mesut
Published: February 2025

Nowadays, Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems are frequently used to connect individuals who have lost their mobility with the outside world. These BCI systems enable individuals to control external devices using brain signals. However, these systems have certain disadvantages for users. This paper proposes a novel approach to minimize the disadvantages of visual stimuli on the eye health of system users in BCI systems employing Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) and P300 methods. The approach employs moving objects with different trajectories instead of visual stimuli. It uses a Light Emitting Diode (LED) with a frequency of 7 Hz as a condition for the BCI system to be active. The LED is assigned to the system to prevent it from being triggered by any involuntary or independent eye movements of the user. Thus, the system user will be able to use a safe BCI system with a single visual stimulus that blinks on the side without needing to focus on any visual stimulus through moving balls. Data were recorded in two phases: when the LED was on, and the LED was off. The recorded data were processed using a Butterworth filter and Power Spectral Density (PSD) method. In the first classification phase, which was performed for the system to detect the LED in the background, the highest accuracy rate of 99.57% was achieved with the Random Forest (RF) classification algorithm. In the second classification phase, which involves classifying moving objects within the proposed approach, the highest accuracy rate of 97.89% and an ITR value of 36.75 (bits/min) were achieved using the RF classifier.
FGCSQL: A Three-Stage Pipeline for Large Language Model-driven Chinese Text-to-SQL
Authors: Jiang Guanyu , Li Weibin , Yu Chenglong , Zhu Zixuan , LI Wei
Published: February 2025

Recent advances in large language models have driven major breakthroughs in Text-to-SQL tasks. However, many challenges hinder the use of SQL parsers for cross-language tasks. In this article, we introduce FGCSQL, a novel three-stage pipeline framework to deal with three challenges: cross-language schema linking, SQL parsing potential of LLM, and error propagation in SQL parsers, in which the framework uniquely incorporates a Filtering Encoder to eliminate irrelevant database schema items, harnessing a pre-trained Generative Large Language Model fine-tuned on a carefully structured dataset for enhanced SQL parsing. Finally, a Correcting Decoder addresses error propagation, culminating in a robust system for semantic parsing tasks. Tested on the CSpider dataset, the FGCSQL showcases a substantial improvement in Exact-set-Match(EM) accuracy and EXecution accuracy(EX) metrics, validating the pipeline’s architecture’s effectiveness in mitigating the challenges typically confronted in Text-to-SQL conversion, especially in cross-lingual contexts. FGCSQL outstrips existing methods in execution precision, indicating the validity of our proposed method.
Ultrasonic TOFD Imaging Enhancement Technology for Pipeline Girth Welds Testing via Time Domain Sparse Deconvolution and Frequency Domain Synthetic Aperture Focusing
Authors: Wu Eryong , Han Ye , Yu Bei , Zhou Wei
Published: February 2025

Ultrasonic TOFD imaging, as an important non-destructive testing method, has a wide range of applications in pipeline girths weld inspection and testing. Due to the limited bandwidth of ultrasonic transducers, near-surface defects in the weld are masked and cannot be recognized, resulting in poor longitudinal resolution. Affected by the inherent diffraction effect of scattered acoustic waves, defects image has noticeable trailing, resulting in poor transverse resolution of TOFD imaging, and making quantitative defect detection difficult. In this paper, based on the assumption of sparseness of ultrasonic defects distribution, by constructing a convolutional model of the ultrasonic TOFD signal, Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) sparse deconvolution algorithm is utilized to enhance the longitudinal resolution. Based on synthetic aperture acoustic imaging model, in wavenumber domain, back propagation inference is implemented through phase transfer technology to eliminate the influence of diffraction effects and enhance transverse resolution. On this basis, the time domain sparse deconvolution and frequency domain synthetic aperture focusing methods mentioned above are combined to enhance the resolution of ultrasound TOFD imaging. The simulation and experimental results indicate that this technology can outline the trend of defects with fine stripes and reduce the image resolution about 35%.
Pathway-Specific Insights into Colorectal Cancer through Comprehensive Multi-Omics Data Integration
Authors: Karaman Tayyip , Oktem Okullu Sinem , Bayram Akçapınar Günseli , Sezerman Osman Ugur
Published: February 2025

Thousands of biomarkers have been discovered to solve the mechanism of cancer but dynamic alterations of the parameters affecting the cancer progression cause chaotic disease status. This is the reason why it is essential to deal with cancer with an eye to analyzing all parameters including pathway information to understand the molecular level of action. In our study, we applied multi-omics data integration method for microbiome, transcriptome and microbial pathway datasets obtained from colorectal cancer patients by including the transcriptome pathway information. Cldn7 gene and Fusobacteria were found to be highly associated, and they both take role in stability of intestinal barrier (r= 0.71). Klf3 was another gene that played a significant role in activation of WNT1 and WNT/β-catein pathways and it demonstrated high correlation with Fusobacteria which was also found to be involved in same pathways. In addition, The Glutaryl-CoA degradation and p-cymene degradation pathways demonstrated a strong positive association with the expression of Ahcy, Eis2s2, Hsp90ab1, Psma7, Lbr, Rpl7l1, Cse1l, Cbx3, Ncl, Hspd1, Tpx2, and Top2a genes (r > 0.65), suggesting their potential involvement in the regulation and metabolic integration of these pathways at the transcriptional level.
Pharmacological Effects and Immune Molecular of Oriental Medicines in Restoring Male Infertility
Authors: Qu Ning
Published: February 2025

Male infertility can be the result of many factors, including pathologies in the motility and formation of sperm as well as obstructions in the genitourinary system. Oriental medicine, use of multiple components to address various targets and enhance therapeutic effectiveness, has been used to treat male infertility for thousands of years. Given the complex pathological mechanisms of aspermatogenesis, this multi-target approach in oriental medicine is believed to positively impact the prevention of male infertility. Efforts have been made to evaluate the pharmacological properties of many herbs; however, the testicular immune responses and mechanisms of these oriental medicines remain unclear from a modern scientific perspective. Some studies reviewed here have reported the damage to and recovery of spermatogenesis in infertility, and the available research evaluating the efficacy of oriental medicines in the treatment of aspermatogenesis and briefly summarize the available rodent and human data on facilitating immunological differences in male infertility. These findings augment the current understanding of the immune molecular of oriental medicine as a treatment solution for male infertility.
A Dietary Intervention with a Synbiotic Beverage on Women with Type 2 Diabetes, Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Rodríguez-Rugarcía Paola , Cuamatzin-García Leonel , Meza-Jiménez María De Lourdes , Baños-Lara Ma Rocío , Rodríguez-Espinosa Juan Carlos , Lozada-Perezmitre Erika , Pérez-Armendáriz Beatriz
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Non committable chronic diseases such as overweight and obesity are considered in high risk for type 2 diabetes. Around the world, there are 536.6 million people with diabetes. Mexico represents a high prevalence of these diseases. Objective: Evaluate the effect of a synbiotic beverage and a 12-week dietary intervention on body composition and biochemical parameters in women with T2D, overweight or obesity, to obtain an additional strategy as treatment. Methods: A double-blinded, randomized and experimental in a 12 week dietary intervention with a synbiotic fermented beverage with a n=51 women divided in 4 groups: G1 followed a moderate calorie-restricted diet, G2 did the same moderate calorie-restricted diet and a synbiotic, G3 took only the synbiotic and G4 consumed a placebo beverage. Results: The total mean of ages of the 4 groups was 42.90 ± 10.6. The significant changes were in BMI (P<0.001), fat mass (P<0.001), HOMA-index (P<0.001) and serum insulin serum (P<0.001), after the 12 week dietary intervention, proving the effect of the synbiotic. Conclusion: Significant decreases in different body composition and biochemical profiles were proved showing the benefits of the beverage. Further research is needed in gut microbiota profile in this kind of participants.
Improving the Germination of Sour Cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) Seeds by Combining the Stratification Period and Seeds Preparation Method
Authors: Szymajda Marek , Maciorowski Robert
Published: February 2025

In the years 2013–2016, a study was conducted to investigate the influence of different methods of treating seeds of three sour cherry cultivars – ‘Wanda’, ‘Wroble’ and ‘Lutowka’ – on their germination and the growth of the obtained seedlings under greenhouse conditions. The tested methods of seed treatment included different durations of the stratification period at 5°C and several variants of removing the sources of germination inhibitors present in the stones (en-docarps), seed coats and endosperm, and in the cotyledons of embryos. The highest number of germinated seeds/embryos was obtained by removing their seed coat attached to the endosperm and subjecting the exposed embryos to a temperature of 20°C after stratification them for a period of 90 days. The percentage of germinated seeds/embryos obtained by this method was as high as 80–90%, and their germination occurred over a shorter period of time than in the other treatments tested. This method produced 20–25 cm tall seedlings within five months. By contrast, using traditional stratification of seeds in endocarps at 5°C, a large proportion of seeds had still not germinated after five months. Seedlings obtained from seeds stratified for 90 days grew better than those obtained from seeds stratified for a shorter time. The developed method makes it possible to obtain a larger number of sour cherry seedlings, thus increasing the efficiency of creative breeding. Moreover, obtaining a higher germination percentage over a shorter period shortens the breeding cycle, which contributes to reducing the costs of sour cherry breeding.
The Effect of Dental Implant Restoration on the Biomechanics of the Temporomandibular Joint in Patients with Posterior Tooth Loss
Authors: Zhang Yuanli , Yin Chongzhi , Chen Fei , Zhang Guizhi , Hao Po , Pu Yongli , Teng Haidong , Huang Hong , Liu Zhan
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to analyze the impact of dental implant restoration on the biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients with posterior tooth loss. Ten healthy volunteers (Control group) and twenty patients with posterior tooth loss (pre-operative in Pre group, post-operative in Post group) were recruited. Three-dimensional maxillofacial models of the maxilla, mandible, dentition and articular discs were reconstructed. The von Mises stress, contact stress, and tensile stress of the TMJ were analyzed. Before implant restoration, the stresses of the TMJ in the Pre group were considerably higher than those in the Control group, especially on the missing-tooth side. After restoration, the stresses in the Post group decreased significantly, and the stress distribution became essentially symmetrical. Additionally, before restoration, the patients with posterior tooth loss and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) had the highest stresses of the TMJ, followed by those without TMD, and the Control group had the lowest. After restoration, the stress magnitudes in the patients with or without TMD returned to the normal range. In conclusion, dental implant restoration can significantly improve the asymmetric stress distribution of the TMJs, substantially reduce excessive stress caused by tooth loss, and alleviate or eliminate the symptoms related to TMD.
Suppressive Antibiotic Therapy in Prosthetic Joint Infections: A Contemporary Overview
Authors: Harrabi Hejer , Meyer Eloïse , Dournon Nathalie , Bouchand Frédérique , Mamona Christel , Perronne Véronique , Jaffal Karim , d'Anglejan Chatillon Emma , Dinh Aurélien
Published: February 2025

The management of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) poses significant challenges, requiring a multidisciplinary approach involving surgical, microbiological, and pharmacological expertise. Suppressive antibiotic therapy (SAT) has emerged as a viable option in cases where curative interventions are deemed unfeasible. This review provides an updated synthesis of recent evidence on SAT, including its indications, efficacy, practical considerations, and associated challenges. We aim to highlight the nuances of this therapeutic approach, discuss the factors influencing its success, and propose future directions for research to optimize patient outcomes.
Advances in the Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials and their Application in Medicine
Authors: Elahi Numair , Zeinalipour-Yazdi Constantinos D.
Published: February 2025

Carbon nanomaterials that include different forms such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphite, nanodiamonds, carbon nanocones, amorphous carbon, as well as porous carbon, are quite distinguished by their unique structural, electrical, and mechanical properties. This plays a major role in making them pivotal in various medical applications. The synthesis methods used for such nanomaterials, including techniques such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), arc discharge, laser ablation, and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) are able to offer very precise control over material purity, particle size, and scalability, enabling for nanomaterials catered for different specific applications. These materials have been explored in a range of different systems, which include drug delivery systems, biosensors, tissue engineering, as well as advanced imaging techniques such as MRI and fluorescence imaging. Recent advancements, including green synthesis strategies and novel innovative approaches like ultrasonic cavitation, have improved both the precision as well as the scalability of acrbon nanomaterial production. Despite challenges like biocompatibility and environmental concerns, these nanomaterials hold immense promise in revolutionizing personalized medicine, diagnostics, and regenerative therapies. Figures of the various carbon nanomaterials in this manuscript are presented by the conventional ball-and-stick model and the sphere-in-contact model that was perviously shown to be a better representation of the void space in carbon nanostructures. These sphere-in-contact models have a better description of the size of the electron density of carbon nanomaterials and therefore can help in the rational design of new structures for medical and biomedical appliactions.
Using Algae-Derived Sulfated Polysaccharides to Regulate Lipid Metabolism and Minimize Hepatic Steatosis of Laying Hens
Authors: Nyvall Pi , Rocha Pinto Fransisco , Bussy Frédérick , Chatelais Mathias , Mathiaud Olivier , Morvan Anne
Published: February 2025

Excessive fat deposition in the liver of poultry due to high-fat diets eventually leads to hepatic steatosis and is a matter of concern for the industry and consumers. To avoid disease establishment and progression, dietary compounds with anti-hyperlipidemic benefits are usually supplemented. In the present study, the effects of providing 30-weeks-old laying hens with marine-derived sulfated polysaccharides (MSPs) on the levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and chicken peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (cPPAR?) in lymphocytes and hepatocytes were evaluated and compared to those obtained for hens supplemented with a choline-sorbitol complex or not supplemented. Overall, MSPs-supplemented hens consistently showed lower levels of LDLR in both cell types and lower levels of cPPAR? in hepatocytes than hens in the other two groups indicating that MSPs may regulate LDLR and cPPAR? transcription in both cell types and/or compete with triglycerides and cholesterol for the same cellular receptors., ultimately preventing the risk of hepatic steatosis. Levels of hepatic inflammation markers corroborated these results, as did liver histological analysis. As the levels of cPPARγ and LDLR in lymphocytes were good indicators of the levels of these markers in hepatocytes, hens’ liver health may be assessed and monitored using blood samples avoiding more invasive procedures.
Investigation of the Effects of Bisphenol A and High-Fat Diet Co-Exposure on the Suppression of Insulin Signaling Molecule Expression and GLUT4 Translocation Leading to Insulin Resistance
Authors: Lu Zeqi , Cao Min , Zhang Jiaoxiang , QI CONGZHENG , Huang Bing , Li Juntao , Yang Guangyu , Zhang Yan , Wu Jinyin , Zhu Wei
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a pervasive environmental endocrine disruptor, and the lifestyle associated with a high-fat diet is becoming increasingly common. The precise relationship between these factors and the high incidence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes worldwide in recent years remains unclear. Given the critical role of skeletal muscle in maintaining systemic glucose metabolism, this study aimed to explore the potential effects of co-exposure to BPA and a high-fat diet on insulin signaling molecules and GLUT4 translocation in mouse gastrocnemius muscle and C2C12 myotubes through both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Methods: We observed the effects of 90 days of BPA and high-fat diet treatment on animal insulin resistance, as well as the expression levels of potential signaling molecules and proteins related to GLUT4 translocation. In vitro experiments involved co-treatment of C2C12 myotubes with BPA and palmitic acid to observe their effects on insulin signaling molecules, GLUT4 translocation, and insulin resistance. Results: Animals co-exposed to BPA and a high-fat diet exhibited a significant increase in insulin resistance indices and impaired oral glucose tolerance. During this process, the expression levels of insulin signaling molecules were markedly reduced, and GLUT4 translocation was significantly blunted. In vitro cellular experiments further demonstrated that BPA and palmitic acid could inhibit the expression levels of GLUT4 on the cell membrane, i.e., the translocation of GLUT4 from the nucleus to the cell membrane was significantly suppressed. Conclusions: Co-exposure to BPA and a high-fat diet significantly affected the expression levels of insulin signaling molecules in gastrocnemius tissue and C2C12 cells, which may be closely related to their effects on inducing insulin resistance and affecting GLUT4 translocation.
A Possible Generalization of the Primeval Atom Theory
Authors: Rashed Youssef
Published: February 2025

Despite the wide approval of the primeval atom concept (proposed by Georges Lemaitre) and the corresponding Big Bang theory among the scientific community and researchers, still there are several open questions with no answers. Among these questions are: what is the origin of the primeval atom? What caused this atom to explode? where was that explosion actually happened? and why our universe is a matter based universe? This paper proposes possible answers to these questions via: 1-Generalizing the idea of the primeval atom to be primeval particle, 2-Suggesting a possible formation of the proposed primeval particle, in particular, suggesting its formation from masses inside black holes, 3-Suggesting a possible way of the initiation of the original explosion in the Big Bang theory, 4-Demonstrating why some universes are matter based universes and others are anti-matter based universes, and 5-Confirming the necessity of the existence of a fourth spatial dimension.
Patronage of Traditional Bone Setters in Eastern Nigeria - a challenge to Modern Medical Practice
Authors: Daniel Jovita Ada , Oko Emeka Aleke , Onyido Darlington Chima , Daniel Lydwina Sommachukwu , Akobundu Uzoamake N , Odoh Onyinye I
Published: February 2025

Background/Purpose: Traditional bone setting remains alternative form of healthcare in Nigeria, particularly in rural areas with limited access to modern medical facilities. This study investigates the treatment methods of TBS practitioners, the reasons for its continued patronage, and the socio-economic factors influencing patients' choices.
Methods: A survey design was employed, collecting data through interviews and questionnaires administered to 30 patients at various TBS centres. Information on injury types, treatment methods, and factors influencing the choice of TBS over conventional medical care was gathered and analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The study revealed a diverse demographic of TBS patrons, with 50% of injuries resulting from road traffic accidents and fractures being the most common condition (60%). Treatments primarily involved herbs, splints, bamboo sticks, and herbal creams. Reasons for choosing TBS included recommendations from friends and family (53.3%), lower cost (23.3%), and perceived quicker response (10%).
Conclusion: TBS is highly patronised and has come to stay despite significant risks recorded from various studies all over the world. It is believed that the risk could be reduced if the practice of TBS is given the needed attention by the government. The study underscores the need for formal training, regulation of TBS practitioners, and public awareness to ensure safer healthcare outcomes.
Elevated glucose increases methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic tolerance in a cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cell infection model
Authors: Hughes Emily M. , Hirsch Meghan J. , Huffines Joshua T. , Krick Stefanie , Kiedrowski Megan R.
Published: February 2025

Background:
In a healthy lung, the airway epithelium regulates glucose transport to maintain low glucose concentrations in the airway surface liquid (ASL). However, hyperglycemia and chronic lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis (CF), can result in increased glucose in bronchial aspirates. People with CF are also at increased risk of lung infections caused by bacterial pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Yet, it is not known how increased airway glucose availability affects bacteria in chronic CF lung infections or impacts treatment outcomes.
Methods:
To model the CF airways, we cultured immortalized CF (CFBE41o-) and non-CF (16HBE) human bronchial epithelial cells at air liquid interface (ALI). Glucose concentrations in the basolateral media were maintained at 5.5 mM or 12.5 mM, to mimic a normal and hyperglycemic milieu respectively. 2-deoxyglucose was added to high glucose culture media to restrict glucose availability. We collected ASL, basolateral media, and RNA from ALI cultures to assess the effects of elevated glucose. We also inoculated S. aureus onto the apical surface of normal or high glucose ALI cultures and observed the results of antibiotic treatment post-inoculation. S. aureus growth was measured by enumerating viable colony forming units (CFU) and with fluorescence microscopy. The effects of elevated glucose on in vitro growth and antibiotic treatment were also evaluated in standard bacterial culture medium and synthetic CF medium (SCFM).
Results:
We found that glucose concentrations in the ASL of ALI cultures maintained in normal or high glucose mimicked levels measured in breath condensate assays from people with CF and hyperglycemia. Additionally, we found hyperglycemia increased S. aureus aggregation and antibiotic resistance during infection of cells maintained in high glucose compared to normal glucose conditions. Heightened antibiotic tolerance or resistance as not observed during in vitro growth with elevated glucose. Limiting glucose with 2-deoxyglucose both decreased aggregation and reduced antibiotic resistance back to levels comparable to non-hyperglycemic conditions.
Conclusions:
These data indicate hyperglycemia alters S. aureus growth during infection and may reduce efficacy of antibiotic treatment. Glucose restriction is a potential option that could be explored to limit bacterial growth and improve treatment outcomes in chronic airway infections.
Mechanical Numerical Simulation of Microcapsule Self-healing Cement Rock Based on Lattice Model
Authors: Liu Yaxuan , Bian Chong , Huo Manlin , Cao Yuxin , Nie Hua , Kou Shuai , Ren Shaowei
Published: February 2025

Concrete is the most widely used material globally, but it is prone to micro-cracks, which negatively affect the strength and durability of concrete structures. Therefore, there is significant interest in developing materials that can spontaneously repair these micro-cracks. Drawing inspiration from the self-healing properties found in organisms, researchers have proposed a microcapsule-based self-healing system capable of improving material strength. This study examines the impact of microcapsule parameters on the mechanical and repair properties of cement rock by establishing a fracture model that incorporates self-healing microcapsules, based on lattice model theory. The effects of microcapsule content and particle size on the strength, elastic modulus, stress-strain curve, crack development, and repair properties of cement rock were analyzed through simulations of its mechanical response and fracture process under uniaxial tensile and compression conditions. The results indicate that as microcapsule content increases, both the compressive and tensile strength of cement rock decrease, although the microcapsules provide a measurable repair effect.
PM 2.5 Concentration 7-days Prediction in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Using a Novel Stacking Framework
Authors: Gao Xintong , Wang Xiaohong , Li Fuping , Jiang Wenhao , Zhe Meng , Sun Jiaxing , Zhang Ao , Jiao Linlin
Published: February 2025

High-precision prediction of near-surface PM2.5 concentration is an significant theoretical prerequisite for effective monitoring and prevention of air pollution, and also provides guiding suggestions for PM2.5 health risk prevention and control. In view of the fact that the control variables of existing PM2.5 prediction models are mostly dependent on the influencing factors at the near-surface, and it is often difficult to fully explore the continuous spatio-temporal characteristics in PM2.5. In this study, MODIS remote sensing-derived Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) daily data, atmospheric environment ground monitoring station data and meteorological factors are introduced to identify strong correlation factors. A highly robust seven-day prediction model for PM2.5 concentration is constructed based on the Stacking algorithm combined with various machine learning methods to improve the generalisation ability of the model; the estimation ability of the integrated model is compared and analyzed with LSTM, RF and KNN models. The results demonstrated that the PM2.5 prediction results on the basis of this integrated RF-LSTM-Stacking model exhibited a better fit, with R², RMSE, and MAE values of 0.95, 7.74 µg/m³, and 6.08 µg/m³, respectively. This approach improved the prediction accuracy by approximately 17% compared to a single machine learning model. Based on this study, it was evident that the LSTM-RF model, integrated with the fusion-based Stacking algorithm, significantly enhanced the PM2.5 prediction accuracy and provided an effective reference for PM2.5 predicting and early warning monitoring.
Does an Audio Wearable Lead to Agitation Reduction in Dementia: The Memesto AWARD Proof-of-Principle Clinical Research Study
Authors: Shah Raj , Basapur Santosh , Hendrickson Kirsten , Anderson Julie , Plenge Jamie , Troutman Amelia , Ranjit Eukesh , Banker Jeff
Published: February 2025

Background: Agitation is a common behavioral symptom in persons living with Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias (AD/ADRD), especially in the setting of residential care. Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions are limited. Memesto is a wearable audio device designed to provide messages and music that can be scheduled or played on demand. The objective of this proof-of-principle study was to quantify whether Memesto can reduce agitation in persons with AD/ADRD.
Methods: Persons living with AD/ADRD with a Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) average score of 4 or greater, one informal caregiver, and one formal caregiver (triad) were recruited from residential care facilities in the Midwest region of the United States. After consent and a two-week training period, the triad was monitored every two weeks from Baseline to Week 10 with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) agitation domain subscale (primary endpoint) and the CGI-S scale (secondary endpoint) with the last observation carried forward. The average score on the NPI agitation domain subscale and the CGI-S scale at Baseline and Week 10 as rated by the two caregivers were compared. A 30% drop in the NPI agitation domain subscale in 50% of the persons living with AD/ADRD was considered a clinically meaningful finding.
Results: Over thirteen months of recruitment, 9 triads were identified in 6 residential care facilities in three Midwestern states. For the NPI agitation domain, 6 of 9 (67%) persons with AD/ADRD had a 30% reduction in the average caregiver ratings at Week 10. No adverse events were identified associated with the use of the device. Device usability was rated as positive based on a survey.
Discussion: This study provided quantitative data on psychometrically sound agitation scales regarding a 10-week treatment course with Memesto after a two-week training period. The results were limited by the inability to recruit the desired set of 20 triads due to disruptions in care and staff at residential care facilities. Further effectiveness testing in a larger cohort with a sham control device is necessary.
Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov. NCT05153161. First posted December 10, 2021.
Studies on Effective Operating Temperature Shifting in Push- Pull Azobenzene-Doped Liquid Crystal Light-Driven Devices
Authors: Ma Jun-Seok , Pradeep Adithya , Oh Seung-Won , Lee Jae-Whan , Choi Jin-Young , Oh Hyun-Woo , Kim Wook-Sung
Published: February 2025

Reconfigurable smart devices such as smart windows and light-shutters that use liquid crystals (LCs) mixed with photoresponsive mesogen can be controlled remotely by using light irradiation to exploit the response; in this architecture, complex driving networks are not required. Incorporating azobenzene (azo) into LCs has emerged as a widely adopted strategy for controlling smart windows due to its photoisomerization. However, the nematic-to-isotropic phase-transition temperature TNI of LC/azobenzene composites is generally far above room temperature (RT, ~ 25 °C); this limitation hinders device functionality and feasibility at ≤ RT. To overcome this challenge, we investigated the influence of UV absorbers and push-pull azobenzene on the range of effective operating temperature. This study exploits the ability of 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid (HABA) to reduce the nematic-to-isotropic phase-transition temperature TNI of 5CB LC, and of HABA and Tinuvin 477 ® to convert UV radiation to heat; exploiting these responses yielded smart light-shutters that function at RT. Also, doping of Blue-Phase BL006 LCs with 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid (HABA) reduced the nematic-to-isotropic phase-transition temperature TNI by ~ 5 °C in while preserving a temperature range ~ 6 °C in which the BP-phase was maintained. This advance increases their potential for applications that require functionality at temperatures lower than their original TNI.
Single and Multi-Objective Optimal Power Flow Based on JAYA Algorithm with Teaching-Learning Based Optimization
Authors: TAŞDEMİR Oğuz , ERMİŞ Salih
Published: February 2025

This paper deals with the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) in an IEEE standard bus (30-bus) power system and presents a multi-objective optimization approach to minimize generation costs, active power losses and voltage deviations. The OPF problem is of critical importance for the reliable, efficient and economical operation of power systems. However, the solution to this problem is complex due to its nonlinear nature and large number of constraints. Conventional methods are often insufficient to overcome the nonlinear challenges inherent in OPF. In addressing these challenges, this study employs metaheuristic algorithms, namely Teaching-Learning Based Optimisation (TLBO), JAYA and hybrid TLBO-JAYA, to enhance the efficiency and convergence speed of the solution process. To manage the multi-objective nature of the problem, Pareto optimisation is utilised to identify a solution set that balances conflicting objectives. The outcomes demonstrate that the hybrid TLBO-JAYA algorithm offers a balanced enhancement in terms of generation cost, active power loss and voltage stability, thereby providing a versatile and efficient solution framework for contemporary power systems. These findings underscore the potential of hybrid metaheuristic algorithms in addressing complex multi-objective optimisation problems in power systems.
Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of m6A-related gene family in poplar Nanlin895
Authors: Li Zeyu , Liu Rongxia , Zhu Mingqiang , Zhang Jinye , Li Zhoujin , Huang Kaixin , Ren Zehua , Zhao Yan , Luo Keming
Published: February 2025

Background
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent chemical modification of eukaryotic RNA, playing a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development, stress responses, and other essential biological processes. The enzymes involved in m6A modification—methyltransferases (writers), demethylases (erasers), and recognition proteins (readers)—have been identified in various plant species; however, their roles in the economically significant tree species Populus deltoides × P. euramericana (NL895) remain underexplored.
Results
In this study, we identified 39 m6A-related genes in the NL895 genome, comprising 8 writers, 13 erasers, and 18 readers. Evolutionary analysis indicated that the expansion of writers and readers primarily resulted from whole-genome duplication events. Purifying selection pressures were observed on all duplicated gene pairs, suggesting their essential roles in functional differentiation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that writers, erasers, and readers are categorized into 6, 4, and 2 groups, respectively, with these genes being more conserved among dicotyledonous plants. Gene structure, protein domains, and motifs exhibited greater conservation within the same group. Promoter analysis of m6A-related genes showed enrichment of cis-acting elements associated with responses to light, phytohormones, and stress, indicating their potential involvement in gene expression regulation. Under cadmium treatment, the expression of all writers was significantly upregulated in both the aboveground and root tissues of NL895.
Conclusions
This study systematically identifies m6A-related gene families in Populus deltoides × P. euramericana (NL895), elucidating their evolutionary patterns and expression regulation characteristics. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for analyzing the molecular mechanisms of m6A modification in poplar growth, development, and stress adaptation, and offer candidate genes for molecular breeding in forest trees.
Renewable Energy and Financial Performance: A Panel Data Analysis of Indian Maharatna Firms
Authors: KULKA G SRINIVAS
Published: February 2025

The shift of renewable energy has become a top priority for utility companies around the globe. Renewable electricity generation represents one of the factors of BRSR reporting in India to assess the Firms. It strengthens policy and is listed as one of the qualifying activities under the Taxonomy Regulation. The scarce literature on the impact of renewable energy investments on corporate financial performance is divided into two main perspectives: one emphasizes stock returns, while the other explores the factors influencing financial performance, measured either by risk indicators or accounting metrics. A small number of studies have evaluated the impact of investments in renewable energy generation on the performance of utility companies. This article presents three linear regression analyses based on panel data consisting of firm-year observations for Indian Maharatna firms from 2020 to 2024. The analysis focuses on (i) profitability metrics such as return on assets ROA ,return on equity ROE ,return on capital employed ROCE & Market value . The findings to reveal whether the share of renewable generation is significantly and is positively associated with profitability indicators. This could pose a limitation to investments in renewable generation capacity, potentially hindering the achievement of the targets set by the Firm.
The Role of Astrocytes in the Temporoammonic Pathway: Masticatory Behavior as a Neuroprotective Strategy Against Age-Related Cognitive Decline
Authors: Castro Micaele Maria Lopes , Amaral Fabio Leite , Mendes Fabíola de Carvalho Chaves Siqueira , Anthony Daniel Clive , Brites Dora Maria Tuna Oliveira , Wanderley Cristovam , Consentino Marcia
Published: February 2025

Astrocytes undergo phenotypic changes with aging, contributing to neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairments in later life. The temporoammonic (TA) pathway terminates at the stratum lacunosum-moleculare (SLM) of the CA1 region, where astrocytic support is crucial for synaptic plasticity and information processing related to spatial learning and memory. This study tested the hypothesis that age-related morphological changes in astrocytes of the SLM affect cognitive performance and we explored whether masticatory activity modulates these changes. Young (6 months) and aged (18 months) female Swiss albino mice were subjected to three distinct masticatory regimens: a hard diet (HD), HD followed by a soft diet (HD/SD), or HD followed by SD and a return to HD (HD/SD/HD). Cognitive performance was assessed using the Morris Water Maze (MWM), with learning rates calculated from escape latencies throughout five days of trials. After behavioral testing, the mice were culled and immunohistochemical analysis of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression was performed. 3D reconstructions of astrocytes within the SLM were generated and analyzed. Hierarchical clustering identified distinct astrocyte morphotypes, revealing a significant age-related shift from high-complexity astrocytes (AST1) toward lower-complexity subtypes (AST2 and AST3. The results demonstrate that aging reduces astrocytic complexity, especially in the dorsal CA1 region, which correlated with impaired spatial learning and memory. Notably, mice on the HD/SD/HD regimen exhibited partial recovery of cognitive function and astrocytic morphology, suggesting a potential rehabilitation effect from masticatory activity. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences in cognitive performance and astrocytic complexity across age groups and dietary regimens (p < 0.01). These findings highlight that the morphological changes in astrocytes within the SLM may contribute to age-related cognitive decline. Overall, maintaining proper mastication may be an effective approach to maintain astrocytic integrity during aging and preserve hippocampus-dependent cognitive function, particularly in older individuals.
Personality Transfer in Human Animation: Handcrafted versus Data-Driven Approaches
Authors: Ergüzen Arçin Ülkü , Demirci Serkan , Sonlu Sinan , Güdükbay Uğur
Published: February 2025

Personality is the individual's interrelated behavioral and emotional patterns that form the unique self. Personality-enriched animations benefit digital characters, which helps improve realism and communication. Body movements, among other modalities, can include strong cues for personality expression. We focus on altering the body movements of human animation to express the desired personality traits following two approaches: (i) a traditional approach that utilizes handcrafted motion adjustments following heuristic rules and (ii) a data-driven approach that separates content and personality into different latent spaces to reconstruct the same motion with altered personality. While the sample size does not affect the traditional approach, the scarcity of personality-labeled animation datasets prevents using sophisticated data-driven models; to this end, we utilize Neural Motion Fields (NeMF) in our data-driven personality transfer architecture. We evaluate the performance of the two approaches through a three-part user study; different models stand out for altering specific personality factors.
Targeting KRASG13C: Exploring Warhead Orientation with Cyclic Linker-Based Inhibitors
Authors: Kirschner Tonia , Rodriguez João , Moreira Emerson Gonçalves , Niggenaber Janina , Verli Hugo , Müller Matthias Philipp , Rauh Daniel
Published: February 2025

The small GTPase KRAS is a key driver of carcinogenesis when mutated, and significant progress has been made in targeting KRASG12C and other oncogenic variants. Building on our previous work demonstrating the potential of nucleotide-based inhibitors with an acrylamide warhead to target KRASG13C, we designed and synthesized a library of nucleotide-based compounds with cyclic linkers to explore the effect of warhead orientation on reactivity toward Cys13. Using mass spectrometry, kinetic studies, and protein X-ray crystallography, we validated the binding and reactivity of these modulators. In addition, computational predictions of the conformational space of the linkers and warheads provided insights into their reactivity, which agreed well with the experimental data. These findings advance our understanding of the structure-reactivity relationship in these nucleotide-based KRAS inhibitors and will be the basis for further optimization.
Avaliação antropométrica e educação alimentar e nutricional em instituições de acolhimento: relato de experiência
Authors: OLIVEIRA Fabiana de Cássia Carvalho , OLIVEIRA Daniela da Silva , VIANA Mirelle Lomar , SILVA Betyna Clara Mello , NEVES Lucas Scardini , CANDIDO Aline Carare , SILVA Ana Claudia Fontes da , VARGAS Rosimary Paula Ferreira , BARBOSA Joyce Furtunato , SANTOS Nandyala Crisóstomo
Published: February 2025

A população institucionalizada encontra-se em situação de vulnerabilidade social, tendo seus direitos fragilizados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar o relato de experiência de um projeto de extensão universitária realizado em 2023 em quatro instituições de acolhimento do município de Alegre-ES, sendo três da rede assistencial municipal e uma Comunidade Terapêutica que acolhe mulheres dependentes químicas para reabilitação. O projeto realizou análise e acompanhamento do estado antropométrico dos residentes. Além disso, foram realizadas ações de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional mensais. Foi preocupante a prevalência de excesso de peso nas instituições avaliadas, variando de 44,5 a 64,8%. O acompanhamento nutricional por meio do projeto foi relevante para prevenção e recuperação da saúde dos indivíduos institucionalizados.
Excreção urinária de sódio de 24 horas e fatores associados na doença renal crônica não dialítica
Authors: Teixeira Thaisa Cristina Sousa , Dias Raimunda Sheyla Carneiro , Brito Dyego José de Araújo , França Ana Karina Teixeira da Cunha , Dantas Amanda Carolina França de Abreu , Diniz Jaqueline Sousa , Campelo Rosa Louise Carvalho , Morais Adya Evany Botelho , Dos Santos Elisangela Milhomem
Published: February 2025

Este estudo objetiva determinar a excreção urinária de sódio em urina de 24h e correlacionar  com fatores associados em pacientes com doença renal crônica não dialítica. Metodologia: Estudo transversal com 116 indivíduos. Avaliados dados demográficos, nutricionais, clínicos e laboratoriais. A excreção urinária de sódio foi analisada em urina de 24h e a taxa de filtração glomerular estimada pela equação CKD-EPI. As variáveis categóricas foram apresentadas por frequências e porcentagens, numéricas média ± SD ou mediana. Normalidade testada pelo teste de Shapiro Wilk. A mediana foi utilizada para determinar a excreção urinária de sódio nos estágios da Doença Renal Crônica. Para verificar a associação das variáveis com a excreção urinária de sódio 24h, utilizou-se a correlação de Pearson. Resultados: A idade média 51,1 ± 14,0 anos, 75,9% do sexo feminino, hipertensos e diabéticos 54,3% e 19,8 % respetivamente, 60,9% encontravam-se no estágio um da Doença Renal Crônica. A mediana da excreção urinária de sódio de 24h por estágios da doença foi maior nos estágios II 118,6 mmol/L/24h (78,4-155,5) e I 117 mmol/L/24h  (96,6-141,0). Correlacionaram-se positivamente com excreção urinária de sódio 24h, índice de massa corporal (r = 0,19; p-valor 0,004), creatinina urinária (r = 0,48; p-valor <0,001), negativamente idade (r = -0,26; p-valor 0,006), colesterol total (r = -0,20; p-valor 0,036). Predominância de mulheres, hipertensos, estágio I da Doença Renal Crônica, ensino fundamental, renda menor que um salário mínimo. Conclusão: Idade e colesterol total correlacionaram-se negativamente com excreção urinária de sódio e positivamente com o índice de massa corpoal e a creatinina urinária.
Escala de Cubbin & Jackson na avaliação de risco de lesão por pressão em pacientes neurocríticos
Authors: Dos Santos Igor Michel Ramos , Valença Marília Perrelli , Comassetto Isabel , Medeiros Giovanna Barbosa , Alves Bruno Vinícius de Almeida , Andrade Carlos Henrique Souza , Barros Marcela Cristina dos Santos , Do Nascimento Gian Carlos Rodrigues
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Avaliar o risco de lesão por pressão em pacientes neurocríticos, internados na unidade de terapia intensiva, utilizando a escala de Cubbin & Jackson. Método: Estudo observacional realizado na Unidade de Suporte Avançado em Neurocirurgia de um Hospital de grande porte, em Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2022. Foi utilizado na coleta de dados um instrumento com dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e a aplicação da Escala de Cubbin & Jackson a cada 24 horas desde a admissão até a alta e/ou o aparecimento de lesão por pressão. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: A escala de Cubbin & Jackson se mostrou um instrumento válido quando utilizado em pacientes neurocríticos, uma vez que identificou tanto pacientes de alto e baixo risco que desenvolveram lesão por pressão. Observou-se que ser do sexo feminino, possuir doença neurológica, dificuldade no reposicionamento na cama e em uso de sedativos tinha mais risco de desenvolver lesão por pressão. Conclusão: A escala de Cubbin & Jackson evidenciou que pacientes de baixo risco desenvolveram lesão por pressão em maior proporção.