bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voltage Stimulated Anion Binding of Metalloporphyrin‐induced Crystalline 2D Nanoflakes
Authors: Mrinalini Madoori , Pathak Sushil Swaroop , Achary B. Shivaprasad , Panchakarla Leela S. , Prasanthkumar Seelam
Published: January 2019

Voltage‐stimulated redox‐active materials have received significant attention in the field of organic electronics and sensor technology. Such stimuli‐responsive materials trigger the formation of crystalline nanostructures and facilitate the design of efficient smart devices hitherto unknown. Herein, we report that free‐base and metallo‐tetratolylporphyrin‐linked ferrocene derivatives (H2TTP‐Fc and ZnTTP‐Fc) undergo distinct proton/anion binding mechanism in CHCl3 during bulk electrolysis at applied voltage of 1.4 V to give [H4TTP‐Fc]+Cl− and H+[(Cl)ZnTTP‐Fc]− followed by nanospheres and crystalline 2D nanoflakes formation, confirmed by SEM and TEM images, by methanol vapor diffusion (MVD) approach. Moreover, X‐ray diffraction analysis suggest that protonated H2TTP‐Fc aggregates exhibit amorphous nature, whereas H+[(Cl)ZnTTP‐Fc]− depict crystalline nature from layer‐by‐layer arrangement of nanoflakes assisted by π–π stacking and ion‐dipole interactions.
The design and construction of cable‐stayed bridge over Bouregreg River, Morocco
Authors: Wang Yingliang , Gao Zongyu , Zonghui Chen Zonghui , Zhao Wenyi , Shi Jianhua , Liao Mujie
Published: January 2019

Entwurf und Konstruktion einer Schrägseilbrücke über den Fluß Bouregreg in Marokko

Die Schrägseilbrücke Bourregreg befindet sich in Rabat‐Salé‐Kénitra, Marokko. Es ist Teil der neuen 41,5 km langen Autobahnumgehung Rabat rund um die Stadt Rabat und wird die Verkehrsstaus in Hay Riad, dem westlichen Vorort der Hauptstadt, verbessern. Diese Brücke hat eine Gesamtlänge von 951,66 m, von denen die Hauptbrücke eine Schrägseilbrücke mit einer Spannweite von 183 + 376 + 183 m und einer Gesamtbreite von 29,82 m ist. Der Hauptträger der Schrägseilbrücke besteht aus doppelten Spannbeton‐Randträgern, die mit Stahlquerträgern und Betonfertigteilen verbunden sind. Der Betonpylon besteht aus vier getrennten Kurvenbeinen, die auf der Spitze des Pylons einen traditionellen Spitzbogen bilden. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt hauptsächlich die strukturellen Konstruktionsmerkmale und die Konstruktion der Schrägseilbrücke und hebt einige Neuerungen der Konstruktion hervor, wie die Verbindung zwischen Seil und Pylon, Stahlquerträger und Betonrandträger, die Betonierfolge von Hauptträger und Spannung von gebliebenen Kabeln.
Quasikontinuierliche faseroptische Dehnungsmessung zur Rissdetektion in Betonkonstruktionen
Authors: Fischer Oliver , Thoma Sebastian , Crepaz Simone
Published: January 2019

Das Verfahren der faseroptischen Dehnungsmessung bietet neben vielversprechenden Perspektiven für die experimentelle Forschung auch umfangreiche neue Möglichkeiten für die systematische Überwachung (sog. Monitoring) von Ingenieurbauwerken. Für die praxistaugliche Anwendung ist eine robuste und dennoch ausreichend sensitive Konfiguration aus Messgerät und passivem Glasfaserkabel wünschenswert. In diesem Kontext wurden am Lehrstuhl für Massivbau der Technischen Universität München (TUM) insgesamt fünf verschiedene optische Messfasern bei verschiedenen Applikationsvarianten und unter Einsatz unterschiedlicher Messgeräte an einem Spannbetonbalken analysiert. Die faseroptische Sensorik, ergänzt durch konventionelle Messtechnik, war in der Lage, elastische Dehnungen, Mikrorisse, einsetzende Rissbildung und ‐entwicklung sowie auch auftretende Schubrisse sicher zu detektieren.
Aspirin suppresses NFκB1 expression and inactivates cAMP signaling pathway to treat atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhang Liping , Li Te , Miao Xiao , Ding Lijuan , Wang Shudong , Wang Yonggang
Published: January 2019

Aspirin showed both favorable efficacy and safety in the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS). This study aimed to explore the effects of Aspirin on AS treatment. Differentially expressed mRNAs in AS were screened out and visualized by R project. The mRNA expression levels of NFκB1 and its targets were detected by qRT‐PCR. The protein expression levels of NFκB1, intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM1) were detected by western blot analysis. Besides, CCK‐8 and flow cytometry assay were employed to evaluate the effects of Aspirin on cell proliferation rate and cell apoptotic rate respectively. Mouse model of AS was established for the verification of Aspirin‐mediated suppression of AS progression in vivo. NFκB1 and Anti‐Mullerian Hormone (AMH) were both over‐expressed in atherosclerotic femoral artery tissues compared with healthy femoral artery tissues. cAMP signaling pathway was activated in AS. Overexpression of NFκB1 largely increased cell proliferation rate of VSMCs, which was instead down‐regulated with suppression of NFκB1 in AS. By contrast, down‐regulation of NFκB1 greatly increased cell apoptotic rate of VSMCs, which was otherwise reversed with up‐regulation of NFκB1 in AS. It was proved that Aspirin increased cell apoptotic rate yet decreased cell proliferation rate of VSMCs to suppress AS progression by down‐regulating the expression of NFκB1 and its targets, which might well provide us with more therapeutic strategies for treatment of AS. © 2019 BioFactors, 45(3):343–354, 2019
Using the Belbin method and models for predicting the academic performance of engineering students
Authors: Gutiérrez Luis , Flores Víctor , Keith Brian , Quelopana Aldo
Published: January 2019

This paper describes the process of generating a predictive model of students’ academic performance in different engineering subjects at Universidad Católica del Norte (UCN). It aims to analyze the importance of variables influencing the final average grade of the UCN students in projects related to different subjects, focusing on the dimensions resulting from the Belbin test. The main objective of this work is to provide evidence of the real impact of the Belbin test outcomes on the final performance of a team of students, using as a metric of variable importance the one provided by a Random Forest model, supplied by the scikit‐learn library. As a result, the final classifier presented an accuracy of 80%, and one of the most influential variables according to this model was Covered Roles 2, which represents the number of roles covered in each group. Future research lines are proposed to validate these outcomes, mostly concerned with the acquisition of more data across several future semesters.
RETRACTED: The role and molecular mechanism of Trop2 induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition through mediated β‐catenin in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhao Wei , Jia Lizhou , kuai Xingwang , Tang Qi , Huang Xiaochen , Yang Tingting , Qiu Zhenning , Zhu Jin , Huang Jianfei , Huang Wenbin , Feng Zhenqing
Published: January 2019

The present study elucidates the potential role of Trop2 in tumor invasion and the promotion of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) when binding β‐catenin in GC. The role of Trop2 in promoting EMT in GC cells was examined by a variety of experimental assays. Moreover, the underlying molecular mechanism of Trop2 in promoting EMT was studied by in vivo and in vitro assays. The Trop2 expression in relation to tumor metastasis status was detected by IHC in 248 cases of GC tissues and 86 cases of matched adjacent tissues. Trop2 promoted the metastasis and induces EMT in GC. Meanwhile, the elevated protein levels of Trop2 and mesenchymal markers were also found in the TGF‐β1‐induced EMT model in GC cells. Importantly, Trop2 physically bound and activated β‐catenin to promote EMT; moreover, Trop2 increased the accumulation of β‐catenin in the nucleus to accelerate metastasis in GC cells. Inhibition of Trop2 expression in GC cells prevented the migration and invasion of GC cells in vivo. Trop2+/vimentin+ expression was higher in GC tissues than that in matched adjacent tissues, and Trop2+/vimentin+ expression in GC was associated with the differentiation, TNM stage, and distant metastases. These sets of data reveal a novel regulatory network of Trop2 in EMT and GC metastasis, suggesting Trop2 as a useful marker for inducing EMT and metastasis of GC, which may help to lead a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the GC.
Valorization of the Green Waste from Two Varieties of Fennel and Carrot Cultivated in Tunisia by Identification of the Phytochemical Profile and Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activities of Their Essentials Oils
Authors: Chiboub Wiem , Sassi Ahlem Ben , Amina Cheikh M'hamed , Souilem Fedia , El Ayeb Asma , Djlassi Brahim , Ascrizzi Roberta , Flamini Guido , Harzallah‐Skhiri Fethia
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify the chemical composition and the antibacterial activity of the essential oils (EOs) extracted from the green tops ofDaucus carotaL. subsp.sativus(Hoffm.)Arcang.plants producing yellow roots (DcsYR) and those producing orange roots (DcsOR) and from two varieties ofFoeniculum vulgaresubsp.vulgarecultivated in Tunisia. Analyses revealed that the EOs from the twoD. carotavarieties were rich in constituents belonging to sesquiterpenes. Phenylpropanoids and non‐terpene derivatives were the most abundant classes of compounds in the EOs from the two varieties ofF. vulgare, of which compositions were predominated by (E)‐anethole andp‐acetonylanisole. All the tested EOs were significantly more effective against Gram‐negative bacteria, and that obtained from var.azoricumwas more active against the yeastCandida albicansthan the reference drug. The EOs obtained from these by‐products showed indeed interesting potential to be promoted as natural antimicrobials in food preservation systems, as well as the possibility to be used in flavor industries.
Hemithioindigos for Cellular Photopharmacology: Desymmetrised Molecular Switch Scaffolds Enabling Design Control over the Isomer‐Dependency of Potent Antimitotic Bioactivity
Authors: Sailer Alexander , Ermer Franziska , Kraus Yvonne , Lutter Ferdinand H. , Donau Carsten , Bremerich Maximilian , Ahlfeld Julia , Thorn‐Seshold Oliver
Published: January 2019

Druglike small molecules with photoswitchable bioactivity—photopharmaceuticals—allow biologists to perform studies with exquisitely precise and reversible, spatial and temporal control over critical biological systems inaccessible to genetic manipulation. The photoresponsive pharmacophores disclosed have been almost exclusively azobenzenes, which has limited the structural and substituent scope of photopharmacology. More detrimentally, for azobenzene reagents, it is not researchers’ needs for adapted experimental tools, but rather protein binding site sterics, that typically force whether the trans (dark) or cis (lit) isomer is the more bioactive. We now present the rational design of HOTubs, the first hemithioindigo‐based pharmacophores enabling photoswitchable control over endogenous biological activity in cellulo. HOTubs optically control microtubule depolymerisation and cell death in unmodified mammalian cells. Notably, we show how the asymmetry of hemithioindigos allows a priori design of either Z‐ or E‐ (dark‐ or lit)‐toxic antimitotics, whereas the corresponding azobenzenes are exclusively lit‐toxic. We thus demonstrate that hemithioindigos enable an important expansion of the substituent and design scope of photopharmacological interventions for biological systems.
The Hippo–YAP pathway regulates the proliferation of alveolar epithelial progenitors after acute lung injury
Authors: Hu Chen , Sun Jianhui , Du Juan , Wen Dalin , Lu Hongxiang , Zhang Huacai , Xue Yuqi , Zhang Anqiang , Yang Ce , Zeng Ling , Jiang Jianxin
Published: January 2019

Regeneration of pulmonary epithelial cells plays an important role in the recovery of acute lung injury (ALI), which is defined by pulmonary epithelial cell death. However, the mechanism of the regenerative capacity of alveolar epithelial cells is unknown. Using a lung injury mouse model induced by hemorrhagic shock and lipopolysaccharide, a protein mass spectrometry‐based high‐throughput screening and linage tracing technology to mark alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AEC2s), we analyzed the mechanism of alveolar epithelial cells proliferation. We demonstrated that the expression of Hippo‐yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) key proteins were highly consistent with the regularity of the proliferation of alveolar epithelial type 2 cells after ALI. Furthermore, the results showed that YAP1+ cells in lung tissue after ALI were mainly Sftpc lineage‐labeled AEC2s. An in vitro proliferation assay of AEC2s demonstrated that AEC2 proliferation was significantly inhibited by both YAP1 small interfering RNA and Hippo inhibitor. These findings revealed that YAP functioned as a key regulator to promote AEC2s proliferation, with the Hippo signaling pathway playing a pivotal role in this process.
GEN‐27 exhibits anti‐inflammatory effects by suppressing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Hu Miao , Li Xiangping , Zhang Junli , Yuan Zengyan , Fu Yuping , Ma Xiaojuan , Ren Nannan
Published: January 2019

Prolonged inflammation and deregulated cytokine production are associated with diversified inflammatory diseases. Genistein (GEN), the active and predominant isoflavonoid in dietary soybean, possesses anti‐inflammatory activity. Our study aimed to assess the anti‐inflammatory effects of GEN‐27, a derivative of GEN, as well as explore the potential molecular mechanisms using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced RAW264.7 cells. In our study, we demonstrated that GEN‐27 administration (1, 5, or 10 μM) dose‐dependently inhibited nitrite and nitric oxide (NO) levels in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Also, GEN‐27 suppressed the release of LPS‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and IL‐18. Moreover, GEN‐27 attenuated LPS‐induced inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) expressions at messenger RNA and protein levels, and reversed the promoter activity of iNOS in RAW264.7 cells. Mechanistically, GEN‐27 abated LPS‐induced reactive oxygen species production, as well as mitigated LPS‐induced increase of caspase 1 activity and the protein levels of NOD‐like receptor 3 (NLRP3), anti‐apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein‐containing a CRAD (ASC), and caspase 1 in RAW264.7 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Similarly, GEN‐27 dose‐dependently weakened adenosine triphosphate‐induced NLRP3 and IL‐1β in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, GEN‐27 treatment significantly suppressed LPS‐induced phosphorylation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) p65 and alleviated LPS‐induced increase of transcriptional activity of NF‐κB in RAW264.7 cells. In summary, these results revealed that GEN‐27 exhibited anti‐inflammatory effects by suppressing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF‐κB pathway, suggesting that GEN‐27 may be served as a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention and therapy of inflammatory‐associated diseases.
N‐doped Carbon‐coated Metal Sulfides/Phosphides Derived from Protic Salts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Jiang Jiusheng , Chen Jianping , Jiang Pingping , Leng Yan , Jin Wei
Published: January 2019

Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) and transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have emerged as highly active catalysts for electrochemical applications. However, the present preparation methods for TMSs and TMPs are always complex and tedious. Herein, we developed a facile and effective strategy for synthesis of nitrogen (N)‐doped carbon‐coated TMSs or TMPs, which was realized by ball milling protic salts (p‐phenylenediamine bisulfate or p‐phenylenediamine biphosphate) and metal salts, followed by pyrolysis. A serious of TMSs and TMPs with well crystalline structures were obtained and witnessed by XRD analysis. Further electrocatalysis performance study in oxygen evolution reaction demonstrates that Ni‐modified MoS2/NC catalyst exhibited excellent activity, showing an overpotential of 261 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slop of 53 mV dec−1. The satisfactory performance of Ni−MoS2/NC might be derived from the synergistic effect between Ni and MoS2 that led to enhanced charge transport capability and more efficient kinetics. This work not only provides a simple and general pathway to TMSs and TMPs‐based materials, but also enables excellent OER performance to be achieved.
Obesity and cancer treatment efficacy: Existing challenges and opportunities
Authors: Ross Katherine H. , Gogineni Keerthi , Subhedar Preeti D. , Lin Jolinta Y. , McCullough Lauren E.
Published: January 2019

Patients who are obese make up a substantial proportion of individuals with cancer and may not benefit equitably from treatment. The impact of obesity on the efficacy of common cancer treatments is reviewed, and considerations are discussed for future studies that may contribute to the evidence base for the clinical care of this growing population.
Recent Advances in the Use of Black TiO2 for Production of Hydrogen and Other Solar Fuels
Authors: Chatzitakis Athanasios , Sartori Sabrina
Published: January 2019

Black TiO2 has emerged as one of the most promising photocatalysts recently discovered. The reason behind its catalytic activity is considered to be due to the presence of defects and Ti3+ species at the surface of black TiO2 nanostructures, which are crucial for its diverse applications. Moreover, disordered/crystalline surface layers and bulk regions have been identified and appear to influence the intrinsic properties of the material. Here, we present the latest studies on the use of black TiO2 for metal free hydrogen production, as well as for CO2 photoreduction and N2 photofixation. After highlighting the structure/property relations, we conclude with some critical questions and suggest further topics of research in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms of light absorption in black TiO2, especially towards solar fuels production.
Incidental pharyngoesophageal diverticulum mistaken for a thyroid nodule: Report of two cases
Authors: Chen Hsiao‐Ching , Chang Kuo‐Ming , Su Wen‐Ko
Published: January 2019

Pharyngeal or Zenker's diverticulum is an infrequent disorder that results from an outpouching of pharyngeal mucosa through a weakened area in the posterior pharyngeal wall. As it may mimic a thyroid nodule on ultrasonography (US), accurate diagnosis is important to ensure appropriate treatment. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is recommended for the initial evaluation of thyroid nodules. We report the FNA diagnosis of two cases of Zenker's diverticulum that were suspected to be thyroid nodules on US. Pap stained aspirate smears showed findings characteristic of Zenker's diverticulum: benign squamous cells, bacteria, and vegetable debris and the absence of colloid and/or thyroid epithelial cells. US and CT findings were consistent with the diagnosis.
Inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth by a novel 1,4‐naphthoquinone derivative
Authors: Murota Hiroko , Shinya Tomohiro , Nishiuchi Arisa , Sakanaka Mariko , Toda Ken‐ichi , Ogata Tokutaro , Hayama Noboru , Kimachi Tetsutaro , Takahashi Satoru
Published: January 2019

Hit, Lead & Candidate Discovery

Antiangiogenesis therapy is a promising way for treatment of solid cancers, and many angiogenesis inhibitors that target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or its receptors have been developed. We explored novel antiangiogenic compounds other than anti‐VEGF drugs by screening our synthetic compound library and found that 6‐thiophen‐3‐yl‐2‐methoxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (6‐TMNQ) had potential as a novel angiogenesis inhibitor. This paper describes the effects of 6‐TMNQ on angiogenesis and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. 6‐TMNQ inhibited serum‐, VEGF‐, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)‐stimulated proliferation of endothelial cells in a concentration‐dependent manner, but had no effect on the proliferation of fibroblasts. VEGF‐induced activation of VEGF receptor‐2 in endothelial cells was not affected by the compound. 6‐TMNQ markedly abrogated both migration and tube formation of endothelial cells. Orally administered 6‐TMNQ inhibited angiogenesis in response to VEGF or bFGF in mice in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, when tumor‐bearing mice were treated with 6‐TMNQ, increase in tumor size was significantly prevented due to inhibition of angiogenesis in the tumor tissues. These results demonstrate that 6‐TMNQ is an orally available compound that selectively inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and abrogates angiogenesis, resulting in the prevention of tumor growth. The mechanism of 6‐TMNQ action is different from that of conventional anti‐VEGF drugs.
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: A diagnosis at the intersection of feeding and eating disorders necessitating subtype differentiation
Authors: Sharp William G. , Stubbs Kathryn H.
Published: January 2019

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a diagnosis that sits squarely at the cross roads of feeding disorders and eating disorders. It is historically tied to feeding disorders as a replacement of the DSM‐IV diagnosis of feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood. The revision process, however, extended the diagnostic umbrella by removing its predecessor's weight loss requirement and age of onset restriction (i.e., 6 years). Implications of this extension include capturing an older cohort of patients with ARFID accessing care at eating disorders clinics, as well as providing a diagnostic home to previously orphaned pediatric subgroups with feeding disorders that lacked a diagnostic home prior to DSM‐5. While recognizing notable strengths of this now 5‐year‐old diagnostic entity, ARFID is largely recognized as a very heterogeneous condition that lacks specificity to best guide clinical and research activities. The current commentary discusses the implications of ARFID as a replacement and extension of the DSM‐IV diagnosis of feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood and provides the rationale and guidance for developing a subtype taxonomy.
Nitrate or ammonium: Influences of nitrogen source on the physiology of a green alga
Authors: Lachmann Sabrina C. , Mettler‐Altmann Tabea , Wacker Alexander , Spijkerman Elly
Published: January 2019

In freshwaters, algal species are exposed to different inorganic nitrogen (Ni) sources whose incorporation varies in biochemical energy demand. We hypothesized that due to the lesser energy requirement of ammonium ()‐use, in contrast to nitrate ()‐use, more energy remains for other metabolic processes, especially under CO2‐ and phosphorus (Pi) limiting conditions. Therefore, we tested differences in cell characteristics of the green alga Chlamydomonas acidophila grown on or under covariation of CO2 and Pi‐supply in order to determine limitations, in a full‐factorial design. As expected, results revealed higher carbon fixation rates for ‐grown cells compared to growth with under low CO2 conditions. ‐grown cells accumulated more of the nine analyzed amino acids, especially under Pi‐limited conditions, compared to cells provided with . This is probably due to a slower protein synthesis in cells provided with . In contrast to our expectations, compared to ‐grown cells ‐grown cells had higher photosynthetic efficiency under Pi‐limitation. In conclusion, growth on the Ni‐source did not result in a clearly enhanced Ci‐assimilation, as it was highly dependent on Pi and CO2 conditions (replete or limited). Results are potentially connected to the fact that C. acidophila is able to use only CO2 as its inorganic carbon (Ci) source.
Preliminary experience with the multisensor HeartLogic algorithm for heart failure monitoring: a retrospective case series report
Authors: Capucci Alessandro , Santini Luca , Favale Stefano , Pecora Domenico , Petracci Barbara , Calò Leonardo , Molon Giulio , Cipolletta Laura , Bianchi Valter , Schirripa Valentina , Santobuono Vincenzo E. , La Greca Carmelo , Campari Monica , Valsecchi Sergio , Ammirati Fabrizio , D'Onofrio Antonio
Published: January 2019

Aims

In the Multisensor Chronic Evaluation in Ambulatory Heart Failure Patients study, a novel algorithm for heart failure (HF) monitoring was implemented. The HeartLogic (Boston Scientific) index combines data from multiple implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)‐based sensors and has proved to be a sensitive and timely predictor of impending HF decompensation. The remote monitoring of HF patients by means of HeartLogic has never been described in clinical practice. We report post‐implantation data collected from sensors, the combined index, and their association with clinical events during follow‐up in a group of patients who received a HeartLogic‐enabled device in clinical practice.

Methods and results

Patients with ICD and cardiac resynchronization therapy ICD were remotely monitored. In December 2017, the HeartLogic feature was activated on the remote monitoring platform, and multiple ICD‐based sensor data collected since device implantation were made available: HeartLogic index, heart rate, heart sounds, thoracic impedance, respiration, and activity. Their association with clinical events was retrospectively analysed. Data from 58 patients were analysed. During a mean follow‐up of 5 ± 3 months, the HeartLogic index crossed the threshold value (set by default to 16) 24 times (over 24 person‐years, 0.99 alerts/patient‐year) in 16 patients. HeartLogic alerts preceded five HF hospitalizations and five unplanned in‐office visits for HF. Symptoms or signs of HF were also reported at the time of five scheduled visits. The median early warning time and the time spent in alert were longer in the case of hospitalizations than in the case of minor events of clinical deterioration of HF. HeartLogic contributing sensors detected changes in heart sound amplitude (increased third sound and decreased first sound) in all cases of alerts. Patients with HeartLogic alerts during the observation period had higher New York Heart Association class (P = 0.025) and lower ejection fraction (P = 0.016) at the time of activation.

Conclusions

Our retrospective analysis indicates that the HeartLogic algorithm might be useful to detect gradual worsening of HF and to stratify risk of HF decompensation.
Heart failure prognosis over time: how the prognostic role of oxygen consumption and ventilatory efficiency during exercise has changed in the last 20 years
Authors: Paolillo Stefania , Veglia Fabrizio , Salvioni Elisabetta , Corrà Ugo , Piepoli Massimo , Lagioia Rocco , Limongelli Giuseppe , Sinagra Gianfranco , Cattadori Gaia , Scardovi Angela B. , Metra Marco , Senni Michele , Bonomi Alice , Scrutinio Domenico , Raimondo Rosa , Emdin Michele , Magrì Damiano , Parati Gianfranco , Re Federica , Cicoira Mariantonietta , Minà Chiara , Correale Michele , Frigerio Maria , Bussotti Maurizio , Battaia Elisa , Guazzi Marco , Badagliacca Roberto , Di Lenarda Andrea , Maggioni Aldo , Passino Claudio , Sciomer Susanna , Pacileo Giuseppe , Mapelli Massimo , Vignati Carlo , Clemenza Francesco , Binno Simone , Lombardi Carlo , Filardi Pasquale Perrone , Agostoni Piergiuseppe ,   on behalf of the MECKI Score Research Group (see Appendix)
Published: January 2019

Aims

Exercise‐derived parameters, specifically peak exercise oxygen uptake (peak VO2) and minute ventilation/carbon dioxide relationship slope (VE/VCO2 slope), have a pivotal prognostic value in heart failure (HF). It is unknown how the prognostic threshold of peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope has changed over the last 20 years in parallel with HF prognosis improvement.

Methods and results

Data from 6083 HF patients (81% male, age 61 ± 13 years), enrolled in the MECKI score database between 1993 and 2015, were retrospectively analysed. By enrolment year, four groups were generated: group 1 1993–2000 (n = 440), group 2 2001–2005 (n = 1288), group 3 2006–2010 (n = 2368), and group 4 2011–2015 (n = 1987). We compared the 10‐year survival of groups and analysed how the overall risk (cardiovascular death, urgent heart transplantation, or left ventricular assist device implantation) changed over time according to peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope and to major clinical and therapeutic variables. At 10 years, a progressively higher survival from group 1 to group 3 was observed, with no further improvement afterwards. A 20% risk for peak VO2 15 mL/min/kg (95% confidence interval 16–13), 9 (11–8), 4 (4–2) and 5 (7–4) was observed in group 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, while the VE/VCO2 slope value for a 20% risk was 32 (37–29), 47 (51–43), 59 (64–55), and 57 (63–52), respectively.

Conclusions

Heart failure prognosis improved over time up to 2010 in a HF population followed by experienced centres. The peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope cut‐offs identifying a definite risk progressively decreased and increased over time, respectively. The prognostic threshold of peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope must be updated whenever HF prognosis improves.
Selexipag treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease after defect correction: insights from the randomised controlled GRIPHON study
Authors: Beghetti Maurice , Channick Richard N. , Chin Kelly M. , Di Scala Lilla , Gaine Sean , Ghofrani Hossein‐Ardeschir , Hoeper Marius M. , Lang Irene M. , McLaughlin Vallerie V. , Preiss Ralph , Rubin Lewis J. , Simonneau Gérald , Sitbon Olivier , Tapson Victor F. , Galiè Nazzareno
Published: January 2019

Aims

Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease (CHD‐PAH) after defect correction have a poor prognosis compared with other CHD‐PAH patients. Therefore, it is important that these patients are treated as early and effectively as possible. Evidence supporting the use of PAH therapies in patients with corrected CHD‐PAH from randomised controlled trials is limited. The purpose of these analyses was to characterise the corrected CHD‐PAH patients from the GRIPHON study and examine the response to selexipag.

Methods and results

Out of the 110 patients diagnosed with corrected CHD‐PAH, 55 had atrial septal defects, 38 had ventricular septal defects, 14 had persistent ducti arteriosus, and 3 had defects not further specified. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the primary composite endpoint were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models. Compared with the non‐CHD patients from GRIPHON, patients with corrected CHD‐PAH were slightly younger, with a greater proportion being treatment‐naive and in World Health Organization functional class I/II. The rate of the primary composite endpoint of morbidity/mortality was lower in patients with corrected CHD‐PAH who were treated with selexipag compared with those treated with placebo (HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.25, 1.37). The most common adverse events were those known to be related to selexipag.

Conclusions

These post‐hoc analyses of GRIPHON provide valuable information about a large population of patients with corrected CHD‐PAH, and suggest that selexipag may delay disease progression and was well‐tolerated in patients with corrected CHD‐PAH.
Impact of Olive Leaf Yellowing Associated Virus on Olive (Olea europaea L.) Oil
Authors: Fontana Anna , Piscopo Amalia , De Bruno Alessandra , Tiberini Antonio , Muzzalupo Innocenzo , Albanese Giuliana
Published: January 2019

Among the 15 virus species detected in olive trees, Olive leaf yellowing associated virus (OLYaV) is found with high incidence and frequency in Southern Italy in particular. Effects of OLYaV on virgin olive oil yield and quality of Leccino and Ottobratica cultivars in the Calabria region (Southern Italy) are analyzed. Oil yield, free acidity, number of peroxides, spectrophotometric indices, total content of chlorophylls and carotenoids, total phenol content, composition of the fatty acids, total tocopherols, and total sterols content are determined on oil obtained from olive fruits collected in healthy/virus‐free and OYLaV‐infected trees. Almost all analyzed oil parameters are not statistically different with some exceptions. Oils derived from ‘Ottobratica’ OLYaV‐infected plants have free acidity significantly lower than oil from healthy plants. K232 of oil from virus‐free ‘Leccino’ trees is significantly lower than oil from infected trees. Even though some quality parameter differences between healthy and OLYaV‐infected oils are found, it is important to highlight that all oils can be considered in extra virgin olive oil category, within the UE maximum limit acceptance range. Results suggest a no negative interference by OYLaV in oil yield and quality, except for K232 values, whereas surprisingly suggest a positive effect of virus infection on free acidity parameter.

Practical Applications: Based on the evidence that OYLaV does not interfere negatively in oil yield and quality parameters, it seems appropriate that the European Union Council Directives (2014/96/EU, 2014/97/EU, 2014/98/EU) introduced in the last olive certification scheme only ArMV, CLRV, and SLRSV. The application of compulsory EU directive, in Italy as in other countries, will improve the facilities of olive plants commercialization, guaranteeing enough their sanitary status. The findings here reported support the suggestion that the Italian Ministry of Agriculture could be less restrictive in voluntary Italian regulation (D.M. 20/11/2006).

Olive leaf yellowing associated virus (OLYaV) is found with high incidence and frequency especially in Southern Italy. Effects of OLYaV on virgin olive oil yield and quality of Leccino and Ottobratica cultivars in the Calabria region (Southern Italy) are analyzed, including free acidity, number of peroxides, spectrophotometric indexes, total content of chlorophylls, carotenoids and phenol, composition of the fatty acids, total tocopherols and total sterols.
A new stability indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of enantiomeric purity of a DPP‐4 inhibitor drug linagliptin
Authors: Salapaka Appalacharyulu , Bonige Kishore Babu , Korupolu Raghu Babu , T Chandrasekhar Reddy , K Chandrasekhar Reddy , N Sreenivas , Sharma Hemant Kumar , Ray Uttam Kumar
Published: January 2019

A simple, sensitive, and stability indicating isocratic reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed, optimized and validated for the separation and quantification ofS‐enantiomer in linagliptin (R‐enantiomer) drug substance. Enantiomeric separation was achieved on a Cellulose tris(4‐chloro‐3‐methylphenylcarbamate) stationary phase. Mobile phase consists of aqueous diammonium hydrogen phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 35:65 v/v. Isocratic elution was performed at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, the column oven temperature was set at 40°C and detection was at 226 nm. The resolution betweenRandSenantiomers is found to be more than 4.0. The impact of mobile phase composition, pH of buffer and temperature on the resolution has been studied. The detector response is found to be linear over the concentration range of 0.17–1.7 μg/mL. LOD and LOQ levels ofS‐enantiomer are found to be 0.057 and 0.172 μg/mL respectively. The recovery ofS‐enantiomer is 99.8% w/w. The proposed method is validated for specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy and robustness.
Collisional processes between the Qiangtang Block and the Lhasa Block: Insights from structural analysis of the Bangong–Nujiang Suture Zone, central Tibet
Authors: Guo Runhua , Li Sanzhong , Yu Shengyao , Dai Liming , Liu Yongjiang , Peng Yinbiao , Zhou Zaizheng , Wang Yuhua , Liu Yiming , Wang Qian
Published: January 2019

The Bangong–Nujiang Suture Zone (BNSZ) is one of the main suture zones in the Tibetan Plateau and indicates the existence of the Bangong–Nujiang Neo‐Tethys Ocean (BNO). It was formed by the collision between the Qiangtang and Lhasa blocks after the closure of the BNO. However, its evolutionary processes and subduction polarity remain controversial. Research on the BNSZ is of great significance for exploring plate tectonic evolution and ocean–continent connection. The scarcity of the BNSZ structural data is one of the most important reasons for the debate of the BNO tectonic evolution. Based on structural analysis in the field and combined with previous petrology and palaeomagnetic data, this paper has determined that the closure time of the BNO is progressive and scissor‐like, from Middle Jurassic in the east to Early Cretaceous in the middle and late Early Cretaceous to early Late Cretaceous in the west. There was a three‐stage deformation in the BNSZ: (a) N–S‐directed compression induced by the initial collision; (b) WNW–directed transpression related to the stress adjustment; and (c) NE–SW‐directed compression caused by the low‐angle NE‐directed subduction of the Indus–Yarlung Zangbo Ocean. The different structural pattern along the eastern segment of the BNSZ may have resulted from orogenic bending due to the later Himalayan Orocline caused by the India–Eurasia collision in the Cenozoic.
Impact of extent of parotidectomy on early and long‐term complications: A prospective multicenter cohort trial
Authors: Grosheva Maria , Pick Carina , Granitzka Thordis , Sommer Barbara , Wittekindt Claus , Klussmann Jens Peter , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando , Beutner Dirk
Published: January 2019

Background

In this prospective nonrandomized multicenter trial, we analyze the incidence of early and late complications after parotidectomy in correlation to the extent of dissection.

Methods

A total of 148 patients underwent a parotidectomy for a benign lesion in the superficial lobe. The number of intraoperatively dissected main facial nerve branches was photo‐documented and defined the extent of tissue dissection. Early postoperative complications including sialocele were evaluated until 4 weeks after surgery. Late complications as facial nerve palsy, Frey's syndrome (FS) and the outcome of the scar and substance loss were furthermore assessed after 6 and 12 months.

Results

Early complications occurred in 22 patients (14%) and did not depend on the extent of facial nerve dissection (all P > .05). However, patients with higher number of intraoperatively dissected facial nerve branches showed significantly higher palsy scores on the first postoperative day (P = .026). FS occurred with incidence of 69% and correlated significantly to the extent of dissection (P = .003). Appearance of the scar and substance loss improved significantly during the follow‐up (P < .001 and P < ,005, respectively) without significant correlation to the extent of dissection (P > .05 for both variables after 12 months).

Conclusions

Less extensive tissue dissection resulted in better postoperative facial nerve function on the first postoperative day and in lower incidence of FS after 12 months. However, incidence of early complications did not depend on the extent of surgery.

The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register prior to conducting the research. DRKS‐ID: DRKS00008967, URL:http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/.
Testate amoebae as indicators for suspended inorganic material in floodplains influenced by dam
Authors: Schwind Leilane T. F. , Arrieira Rodrigo L. , Mantovano Tatiane , Velho Luiz F. M. , Bonecker Claudia C. , Lansac‐Tôha Fábio A.
Published: January 2019

The construction of reservoirs impacts upon freshwater ecosystems, since it changes the hydrodynamics of the entire system upstream and downstream of the dam due to flow control and changes in environmental conditions. We analyzed the temporal variation in the abundance of exogenous testate amoebae related to the suspended inorganic material in Neotropical floodplain lakes, downstream of a series of dams. Sampling was carried out between 2000 and 2012 in six lakes in the upper Paraná River floodplain. The temporal variation in the abundance of the testate amoeba community was analyzed using the Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis. Cucurbitella crateriformis, Protocucurbitella coroniformes, and C dentata f. quinquilobata had reduced population growth in higher concentrations of suspended inorganic material. On the other hand, Difflugia lobostoma, Centropyxis ecornis, and Difflugia pseudogramen populations increased under these conditions. These results showed that an increased flow of water could favor the growth of some populations due to the greater exchange of material between the lakes and the floodplain. The positive or negative responses could show better adaptation of the testate amoeba species to the planktonic environment. Furthermore, these results also highlighted the bioindicator role of these protozoa in aquatic ecosystems.
Becoming Me in Third Space: Media Education for North Korean Refugee Youths in South Korea
Authors: Jang Eun‐Young , Kang Shin Ji
Published: January 2019

In this study, the authors explored curricular practices of media education for North Korean refugee youths resettled in South Korea, and investigated the impacts of the media education program on their identity construction. Guided by third space theory and framed within a qualitative research paradigm, this media education program was developed by a group of North and South Korean teaching artists. Multimodal data collected throughout the first year were analyzed thematically with a focus on the discursive construction of identities of North Korean youth participants. The participants were invited to reconsider their identities and address multiple dimensions of lived challenges in a safe media education space.
Adenosine A2A receptor blocks the A1 receptor inhibition of renal Na+ transport and oxygen consumption
Authors: Babich Victor , Vadnagara Komal , Di Sole Francesca
Published: January 2019

A high renal oxygen (O2) need is primarily associated with the renal tubular O2 consumption (VO2) necessary for a high rate of sodium (Na+) transport. Limited O2 availability leads to increased levels of adenosine, which regulates the kidney via activation of both A1 and A2A adenosine receptors (A1R and A2AR, respectively). The relative contributions of A1R and A2AR to the regulation of renal Na+ transport and VO2 have not been determined. We demonstrated that A1R activation has a dose‐dependent biphasic effect on both renal Na+/H+ exchanger‐3 (NHE3), a major player in Na+ transport, and VO2. Here, we report concentration‐dependent effects of adenosine: less than 5 × 10−7 M adenosine‐stimulated NHE3 activity; between 5 × 10−7 M and 10−5 M adenosine‐inhibited NHE3 activity; and greater than 10−5 M adenosine reversed the change in NHE3 activity (returned to baseline). A1R activation mediated the activation and inhibition of NHE3 activity, whereas 10−4 M adenosine had no effect on the NHE3 activity due to A2AR activation. The following occurred when A1R and A2AR were activated: (a) Blockade of the A2AR receptor restored the NHE3 inhibition mediated by A1R activation, (b) the NHE‐dependent effect on VO2 mediated by A1R activation became NHE independent, and (c) A2AR bound to A1R. In summary, A1R affects VO2 via NHE‐dependent mechanisms, whereas A2AR acts via NHE‐independent mechanisms. When both A1R and A2AR are activated, the A2AR effect on NHE3 and VO2 predominates, possibly via an A1R–A2AR protein interaction. A2AR–A1R heterodimerization is proposed as the molecular mechanism enabling the NHE‐independent control of renal VO2.
Cooling therapy upregulates protein C activation in heat stressed rats: An experimental study
Authors: Gao Tie‐Ying , Yang Wen‐Chao , Zhou Fei‐Hu , Song Qing
Published: January 2019

Protein C (PC) pathway homeostasis is implicated in heat stress (HS). This study determines whether cooling could improve the PC pathway in HS. Fifty‐six anesthetized rats were warmed to achieve HS (rectal temperature [Tr] 42°C). These rats were divided into seven groups: (a) control group:sacrifice immediately 15 min after HS; (b) HS+I:sacrifice immediately after 15 min ice‐water treatment or (c) 3 hr after HS; (d) HS+C:sacrifice immediately after 15‐min cold‐water treatment or (e) 3 hr after HS; (f) HS: sacrifice immediately 15 min after HS or (g) 3 hr after HS. Plasma PC, activated protein C (APC), and soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) levels were tested at both time points. After cooling, Tr in the HS+I and HS+C groups significantly decreased, when compared with the HS group, and Tr was significantly lower in the HS+I group than in the HS+C group (
p < 0.05). Furthermore, sTM levels were highest in the HS group among the groups at both time points. Plasma PC and APC levels increased after HS. In the HS+I and HS+C groups, plasma APC levels and the APC/PC ratio significantly increased at both time points. The proportions were significantly higher in the HS+I group than in the HS+C group, and there was no significant increase in APC/PC ratio in the HS group. Cooling exerts an anticoagulant effect following HS by increasing APC levels. Ice‐water blanket therapy is more effective than cold‐water blanket therapy in increasing APC levels.
Enhancement of bioelectricity generation by a microbial fuel cell using Ti nanoparticle‐modified carbon electrode
Authors: Kim Changman , Kim Jung Rae , Heo Jinhee
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are promising devices that can be used to generate electricity from organic wastewater through microbial redox reactions. Various strategies have been attempted to improve the power generation of MFCs, including electrode modification. Titanium (Ti) is a biocompatible metal which is commonly used in various applications. This study examined the improvement of voltage generation by Ti nanoparticle attachment to the carbon electrode surface of an MFC by simple dipping and e‐beam evaporation. Two microbes, namely Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 and Klebsiella pneumoniae L17, having different electron transfer mechanisms were used to identify the effects of Ti nanoparticles on bioelectricity generation.

RESULTS

Voltage generation was significantly increased for the MFCs containing Ti nanoparticles, both using S. oneidensis MR‐1 and K. pneumoniae L17. Higher concentrations of DNA extracted from the electrode surface indicated that the Ti nanoparticles did not only assist the electron transfer process from the bacteria to the electrode but also microbial attachment on the carbon electrode. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) experiments demonstrated the sustainability of the Ti nanoparticles, showing no significant changes in the attached Ti nanoparticles during an operation period of 3 weeks.

CONCLUSION

It was demonstrated that the Ti‐dipping method is applicable to MFCs as an electrode modification strategy by Ti nanoparticle formation, leading to a similar level of voltage generation (but through a much simpler process) as compared with conventional evaporation methods. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry