bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value and therapeutic potential of the long noncoding RNA TP73-AS1 in cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhong Yuan , Zhao Meng , Yu Yang , Li Quanpeng , Wang Fei , Wu Peiyao , Zhang Wen , Miao Lin
Published: June 2020

Studies published in recent years have demonstrated that abnormal long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) antisense RNA to TP73 gene (TP73-AS1) expression is markedly associated with tumorigenesis, cancer progression and the prognosis of cancer patients. We aimed to explore the prognostic value of TP73-AS1 in multiple cancers. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library (up to February 21, 2019). Hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to estimate the association of TP73-AS1 with survival and clinicopathological features. The potential targets and pathways of TP73-AS1 in multiple cancers were summarized. Nineteen studies that involved thirteen types of cancers and 1329 cancer patients were identified as eligible for this meta-analysis. The results showed that high TP73-AS1 expression was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.962, 95% CI 1.630-2.362) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 2.050, 95% CI 1.293-3.249). The summary HRs of OS were 2.101 (95% CI 1.516-2.911) for gastric cancer (GC) and 1.920 (95% CI 1.253-2.942) for osteosarcoma. Subgroup analysis of OS demonstrated that the differential expression of TP73-AS1 in cancer tissues was a potential source of heterogeneity. Furthermore, increased TP73-AS1 expression was markedly associated with larger tumor size (OR = 2.759, 95% CI 1.759-4.330), advanced histological grade (OR = 2.394, 95% CI 1.231-4.656), lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.687, 95% CI 1.211-5.962), distant metastasis (OR = 4.145, 95% CI 2.252-7.629) and advanced TNM stage (OR = 2.633, 95% CI 1.507-4.601). The results of Egger’s test and sensitivity analysis verified the robustness of the original results. High TP73-AS1 expression can predict poor survival and poor clinicopathological features in cancer patients and TP73-AS1 might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.
A Quantum secure sharing protocol for Cloud data based on proxy re-encryption
Authors: Chang Yan , Zhang Shi-Bin , Yan Li-Li , Wan Guo-gen
Published: June 2020

A quantum scheme for cloud data sharing based on proxy re-encryption is proposed. The user Alice stores the cipher-text of her data on cloud data center. When Alice wants to share her data with another user Bob, Alice is called the delegator and Bob is called the delegatee. The cloud service provider (called the proxy) can convert the delegator’s cipher-text into the delegatee’s cipher-text without decrypting the former, so that the delegatee can get the plain-text of Alice’s data with his private key. The proxy cannot obtain the plain-text of the user’s data stored on cloud data center. Delegator in the protocol should have the ability of producing Bell states, performing Bell basis and Z-basis measurements, and storing qubits. The quantum requirements for the delegatee are reduced. The delegatee needs to have the ability of reflecting and performing Z-basis measurement. One secret at a time (one-time one-pad) is theoretically implemented, especially when the same data is shared multiple times. The anti-selection plain-text attack security and the anti-selective cipher-text attack security are realized. Fine-granularity secret data sharing is achieved flexibly.
Can Thermodynamic Behavior of Alice’s Particle Affect Bob’s Particle?
Authors: Soltanmanesh Ali , Naeij Hamid Reza , Shafiee Afshin
Published: June 2020

We propose an experiment to investigate the possibility of long-distance thermodynamic relationships between two entangled particles. We consider a pair of spin-$$\frac{1}{2}$$

1
2

particles prepared in an entangled singlet state in which one particle is sent to Alice and the other to her distant mate Bob, who are spatially separated. Our proposed experiment consists of three different setups: First, both particles are coupled to two heat baths with various temperatures. In the second setup, only Alice’s particle is coupled to a heat bath and finally, in the last setup, only Bob’s particle is coupled to a heat bath. We study the evolution of an open quantum system using the first law of thermodynamics based on the concepts of ergotropy, adiabatic work, and operational heat, in a quantum fashion. We analyze and compare ergotropy and heat transfer in three setups. Our results show that the heat transfer for each entangled particle is not independent of the thermalization process that occurs for the other one. We prove that the existence of quantum correlations affects the thermodynamic behavior of distant particles in an entangled state.
Signals of selection in the mitogenome provide insights into adaptation mechanisms in heterogeneous habitats in a widely distributed pelagic fish
Authors: Sebastian Wilson , Sukumaran Sandhya , Zacharia P. U. , Muraleedharan K. R. , Dinesh Kumar P. K. , Gopalakrishnan A.
Published: June 2020

Oceans are vast, dynamic, and complex ecosystems characterized by fluctuations in environmental parameters like sea surface temperature (SST), salinity, oxygen availability, and productivity. Environmental variability acts as the driver of organismal evolution and speciation as organisms strive to cope with the challenges. We investigated the evolutionary consequences of heterogeneous environmental conditions on the mitogenome of a widely distributed small pelagic fish of Indian ocean, Indian oil sardine, Sardinella longiceps. Sardines were collected from different eco-regions of the Indian Ocean and selection patterns analyzed in coding and non-coding regions. Signals of diversifying selection were observed in key functional regions involved in OXPHOS indicating OXPHOS gene regulation as the critical factor to meet enhanced energetic demands. A characteristic control region with 38–40 bp tandem repeat units under strong selective pressure as evidenced by sequence conservation and low free energy values was also observed. These changes were prevalent in fishes from the South Eastern Arabian Sea (SEAS) followed by the Northern Arabian Sea (NAS) and rare in Bay of Bengal (BoB) populations. Fishes belonging to SEAS exhibited accelerated substitution rate mainly due to the selective pressures to survive in a highly variable oceanic environment characterized by seasonal hypoxia, variable SST, and food availability.
Clinical Characteristics of Infections Caused by Streptococcus Anginosus Group
Authors: Jiang Shenghua , Li Min , Fu Tian , Shan Fenglian , Jiang Luning , Shao Zewei
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, distribution of different strains and risk factors of patients infected withStreptococcus anginosusgroup (SAG). In the population of 463 patients, the male-to-female ratio was 1.95:1, and the patient age ranged from 6 months to 103 years. There were 49 children (10.58%), 311 young and middle-aged adults (67.17%), and 103 elderly adults (22.25%). Approximately 45.4% had underlying conditions, which were mostly malignant tumors and diabetes. Of the 463 specimens, 254 wereS. anginosus(54.86%), 173 wereS. constellatus(37.37%), and 36 wereS. intermedius(7.77%). According to the age distribution, the incidence peaked in the 35–54 year age group. Different sites of infection had statistically significant differences regarding the constituent ratios of these three species. Different age groups also exhibited statistically significant differences in constituent ratios of the pathogenic organisms, as well as organ infections. In our population, 269 were clinically cured, 184 reported satisfactory improvement, and 10 died. SAG, as an opportunistic pathogen, can induce pyogenic infections in patients of all ages and shows no significant gender predilection in any age group. The three pathogenic organisms had differences with respect to patient age and infections of body sites.
Serological and molecular detection of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in human umbilical cord blood and placental tissue samples
Authors: Duarte Pâmella Oliveira , Oshiro Leandra Marla , Zimmermann Namor Pinheiro , Csordas Bárbara Guimarães , Dourado Doroty Mesquita , Barros Jacqueline Cavalcante , Andreotti Renato
Published: June 2020

Neosporosis primarily affects cattle and dogs and is not currently considered a zoonotic disease. Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis with a worldwide distribution that is asymptomatic in most cases, but when acquired during pregnancy, it can have serious consequences. The seropositivity rates determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody test for Neospora caninum (N. caninum) and Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) were 24.3% (49 samples) and 26.8% (54 samples), respectively. PCR positivity for N. caninum was observed in two samples of cord blood (1%) using the Nc5 and ITS1 gene, positivity for T. gondii was observed in 16 samples using the primer for the B1 gene (5.5% positivity in cord blood and 2.5% positivity in placental tissue). None of the samples showed structures characteristic of tissue cysts or inflammatory infiltrate on histopathology. Significant associations were observed only between N. caninum seropositivity and the presence of domestic animals (p = 0.039) and presence of dogs (p = 0.038) and between T. gondii seropositivity and basic sanitation (p = 0.04). This study obtained important findings regarding the seroprevalence and molecular detection of N. caninum and T. gondii in pregnant women; however, more studies are necessary to establish a correlation between risk factors and infection.
31-year contrasting agricultural managements affect the distribution of organic carbon in aggregate-sized fractions of a Mollisol
Authors: Sheng Ming , Han Xiaozeng , Zhang Yihe , Long Jinghong , Li Na
Published: June 2020

Evaluation of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics is often limited by the complexity of soil matrix. Quantitative information on the distribution of SOC within aggregate hierarchy will help elucidate the carbon flow in soil matrix. However, this knowledge still needs to be documented. Soils were sampled from a surface Mollisol with plots under 100 years of continuous cropping, 31 years of simulated overgrazing to severely degraded bareland, and grassland restoration from cropped soil. A combined density and chemical fractionation procedure within water-stable aggregate was utilized to quantify the distribution of OC after long-term different land use patterns. Results showed that grassland significantly increased total SOC and mean aggregate associated OC compared to initial soil in 1985 with total SOC (g kg−1 soil) from 46.1 to 31.7 and mean aggregate associated OC (g kg−1 aggregate) from 31.6 to 44.7. Converting cropland to grassland also enhanced the formation of macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) (from 34.7% to 52.2%) and increased the OC concentrations in density and humic fractions by 48.3%-75.9% within aggregates. But the proportions of OC in density and humic fractions to SOC only increased in macroaggregates in grassland. Alternatively, converting cropland to bareland caused substantial depletion of total SOC, macroaggregates and their associated OC concentrations. The SOC (g kg−1 soil) and mean aggregate associated OC (g kg−1 aggregate) significantly decreased from 31.7 to 25.7 and from 31.6 to 26.2, respectively. While the OC concentration of density and humic fractions within aggregates in bareland did not show significant decreases. Principal component analysis demonstrated that the soils were developed by contrasting land use changes, with the grassland soil being more associated with labile OC fractions within macroaggregats and bareland soil more associated with recalcitrant OC fractions within microaggregates and silt-clay units. These findings highlighted the favorable preservation of plant-derived carbon within soil aggregates, particularly in the labile OC fractions within macroaggregates under high plant inputs with 31 years of grassland conversion. For the cropland and bareland soils without organic inputs, more OC was stabilized within fine aggregates via organo-mineral interactions, tending to be more recalcitrant.
The magnifying effect of a thin shallow stiff layer on Love waves as revealed by multi-component analysis of surface waves
Authors: Dal Moro Giancarlo
Published: June 2020

In the last decades, surface wave analysis has become a standard tool for an increasingly large number of geotechnical applications that require the determination of the subsurface shear-wave velocity (VS) profile. In the present paper, we investigate the role of a shallow stiff layer on Rayleigh and Love wave propagation. Multi-component synthetic and field data are considered to analyse the vertical (Z) and radial (R) components of Rayleigh waves as well as Love waves (T component). Velocity spectra are analysed according to the Full Velocity Spectrum (FVS) approach together with the Rayleigh-wave Particle Motion (RPM) frequency-offset surface that reveals the actual prograde-retrograde motion of Rayleigh waves. The FVS approach to surface wave analysis reveals particularly powerful in case we intend to reproduce the actual modal energy and when, because of complex mode excitation, the velocity spectra cannot be easily interpreted in terms of modal dispersion curves. The analysis of both synthetic and field data highlights two major facts. On one side, along the T component (Love waves) the presence of a thin shallow stiff layer excites higher modes whose top velocity is controlled by the shear-wave velocity of the deeper layers. On the other side, such a stiff layer does not massively influence the velocity spectra of the Z and R components (Rayleigh waves) and the related RPM: irrespective of the presence of the superficial stiff layer, RPM clearly shows the change from retrograde to prograde due to the VS increase in the deep layers. In case a superficial stiff layer is present (this condition is quite common in urbanized areas such as the one of the field dataset here considered), Love waves can be then an interesting tool for an expeditious estimation of the VS of the deep layers.
Modeling suggests fossil fuel emissions have been driving increased land carbon uptake since the turn of the 20th Century
Authors: Schwalm Christopher R. , Huntzinger Deborah N. , Michalak Anna M. , Schaefer Kevin , Fisher Joshua B. , Fang Yuanyuan , Wei Yaxing
Published: June 2020

Terrestrial vegetation removes CO2from the atmosphere; an important climate regulation service that slows global warming. This 119 Pg C per annum transfer of CO2into plants—gross primary productivity (GPP)—is the largest land carbon flux globally. While understanding past and anticipated future GPP changes is necessary to support carbon management, the factors driving long-term changes in GPP are largely unknown. Here we show that 1901 to 2010 changes in GPP have been dominated by anthropogenic activity. Our dual constraint attribution approach provides three insights into the spatiotemporal patterns of GPP change. First, anthropogenic controls on GPP change have increased from 57% (1901 decade) to 94% (2001 decade) of the vegetated land surface. Second, CO2fertilization and nitro  gen deposition are the most important drivers of change, 19.8 and 11.1 Pg C per annum (2001 decade) respectively, especially in the tropics and industrialized areas since the 1970’s. Third, changes in climate have functioned as fertilization to enhance GPP (1.4 Pg C per annum in the 2001 decade). These findings suggest that, from a land carbon balance perspective, the Anthropocene began over 100 years ago and that global change drivers have allowed GPP uptake to keep pace with anthropogenic emissions.
Author Correction: The emergence of Miocene reefs in South China Sea and its resilient adaptability under varying eustatic, climatic and oceanographic conditions
Authors: Mathew Manoj , Makhankova Adelya , Menier David , Sautter Benjamin , Betzler Christian , Pierson Bernard
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
TPP-based mitocans: a potent strategy for anticancer drug design
Authors: Wang Jiayao , Li Jiaqi , Xiao Yumei , Fu Bin , Qin Zhaohai
Published: June 2020

Triphenylphosphonium can selectively target various “cargos” to mitochondria based on the high mitochondrial membrane potential of tumor cells.
Finding specific peaks (markers) using fuzzy divisive hierarchical associative-clustering based on the chromatographic profiles of medicinal plant extracts obtained at various detection wavelengths
Authors: Simion Ileana M. , Moţ Augustin-C. , Sârbu Costel
Published: June 2020

Advanced chemometric methods, such as fuzzy c-means (FCM), a fuzzy divisive hierarchical clustering algorithm (FDHC), and fuzzy divisive hierarchical associative-clustering (FDHAC), have been successfully applied in this study.
A novel poly-ε-lysine based implant, Proliferate®, for promotion of CNS repair following spinal cord injury
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Sara , Lindsay Susan L. , Gallagher Andrew G. , Wellings Donald A. , Riehle Mathis O. , Riddell John S. , Barnett Susan C.
Published: June 2020

Prolierate® is a promisingcandidate for SCI implantation.
Evolution of confined ice nano structures at different levels of pore filling: a synchrotron based X-ray diffraction study
Authors: Thangswamy Muthulakshmi , Maheshwari Priya , Dutta Dhanadeep , Bera A. K. , Singh M. N. , Sinha Anil K. , Yusuf S. M. , Pujari Pradeep K.
Published: June 2020

In fully hydrated MCM-41 cylindrical pore, core water after freezing creeps out of pore forming a mixture of hexagonal and cubic ice. Water near the pore wall in both fully and partially filled pores forms short range cubic-rich ice after freezing.
Two-dimensional two-photon absorptions and third-order nonlinear optical properties of Ih fullerenes and fullerene onions
Authors: Zheng Xue-Lian , Yang Ling , Shang Bo , Wang Ming-Qian , Niu Yingli , Li Wei-Qi , Tian Wei Quan
Published: June 2020

The third order nonlinear optical properties of Ih symmetry fullerenes increase exponentially with fullerene size. The two-dimensional two-photon absorption spectra for C60 and C240 have strong self-phase modulation responses.
Low-field NMR relaxation-exchange measurements for the study of gas admission in microporous solids
Authors: Robinson Neil , Xiao Gongkui , Connolly Paul R. J. , Ling Nicholas N. A. , Fridjonsson Einar O. , May Eric F. , Johns Michael L.
Published: June 2020

We demonstrate how low-field NMR relaxation-exchange correlation measurements permit the non-invasive characterisation of methane exchange dynamics within microporous LTA zeolites.
Reactivities of singlet oxygen: open-shell or closed-shell?
Authors: Qu Zexing
Published: June 2020

The electronic structure and the reactivity of singlet oxygen with respect to two typical reactions.
Function-oriented synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks – from 3D solids to 2D sheets
Authors: Li Xing , Yadav Priya , Loh Kian Ping
Published: June 2020

This review provides guidelines for the function-oriented synthesis of 2D COFs from 3D solids to 2D sheets.
Lead-free perovskite solar cells enabled by hetero-valent substitutes
Authors: Nie Riming , Sumukam Ranadeep Raj , Reddy Sathy Harshavardhan , Banavoth Murali , Seok Sang Il
Published: June 2020

In this perspective, we present strategies that foster the expulsion of lead from perovskites to obtain a non-hazardous active material.
Luminescent silicon nanostructures and COVID-19
Authors: Weatherby Susan , Seddon John M. , Ceroni Paola
Published: June 2020

This Faraday Discussion volume is unique in the hundred plus year history of the Faraday Discussion series.
Multi-energy calibration: an easy strategy for fast and accurate determination of macro- and micro-nutrients in biomass waste samples by ICP OES
Authors: Pereira Hugo Santos , Nogueira da Silva Kassia Roberta , Pádua Melo Elaine Silva de , Aragão do Nascimento Valter , Raposo Jorge Luiz
Published: June 2020

A promising multi-energy calibration procedure for the determination of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, and Zn by ICP OES was evaluated.
A transmission-type triple grating spectrograph for improved laser scattering diagnostics of low-density plasmas used in chemical analysis
Authors: Finch Kevin , Hernandez Aldo , She Yue , Shi Songyue , Gamez Gerardo
Published: June 2020

An improved transmission-type triple grating spectrograph permits 2D mapping of plasma species via laser scattering closer to surfaces, at faster measurement time, and the lowest electron density detection limit reported.
Formulation of mix design for 3D printing of geopolymers: a machine learning approach
Authors: Bagheri Ali , Cremona Christian
Published: June 2020

This work evaluates the application of machine learning in the construction automation.
A nanoporous covalent organic framework for the green-reduction of CO2 under visible light in water
Authors: Hazra Chowdhury Ipsita , Hazra Chowdhury Arpita , Das Anjan , Khan Aslam , Islam Sk. Manirul
Published: June 2020

Herein, we designed a sheet-like nanoporous covalent organic framework (TFP-DM COF) based nanomaterial, which was formed via an easy solvothermal synthetic method.
A molecular rotor sensor for detecting mitochondrial viscosity in apoptotic cells by two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging
Authors: Hou Ming-Xuan , Liu Liu-Yi , Wang Kang-Nan , Chao Xi-Juan , Liu Rong-Xue , Mao Zong-Wan
Published: June 2020

A two-photon fluorescent probe was developed for detecting mitochondrial viscosity during apoptosis of living cells by two-photon microscopy (TPM) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) with good selectivity and highly biocompatible.
Planar graphene/h-BN/graphene heterostructures for protein stretching and confinement
Authors: He Zhi , Zhou Ruhong
Published: June 2020

Spontaneous protein stretching was realized by a two-dimensional heterostructure composed of a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanoribbon stitched with two graphene sheets.
Programming properties of transient hydrogels by an enzymatic reaction
Authors: Panja Santanu , Boháčová Kamila , Dietrich Bart , Adams Dave J.
Published: June 2020

Here we created a dynamic gel system that allows programming of a metastable assembly state which eventually drives the system to a new material exhibiting a gel-to-gel transition.
Precise control of grafting density in periodically grafted amphiphilic copolymers: an alternate strategy to fine-tune the lamellar spacing in the sub-10 nm regime
Authors: Sarkar Ramkrishna , Gowd E. Bhoje , Ramakrishnan S.
Published: June 2020

By exactly locating pendant PEG550 segments at varying intervals along a hydrocarbon-rich polyester backbone, the lamellar dimension has been precisely tuned.
Perovskite nanomaterials as optical and electrochemical sensors
Authors: George K Jesna , Halali Vishaka V , C. G. Sanjayan , Suvina V. , Sakar M. , Balakrishna R. Geetha
Published: June 2020

The perovskite family is comprised of a great number of members because of the possible and flexible substitution of numerous ions in its system.
Journey to the Holy Grail of a coordination saturated buckyball
Authors: Chu Dandan , Liu Yuhao , Li Yingguo , Liu Yan , Cui Yong
Published: June 2020

A rhombicuboctahedral C60@Cu24 core–shell structure, a giant leap toward the Holy Grail of a coordination saturated buckyball (C60) of a C60@M30 icosidodecahedron, was highlighted.
Sinapine-enriched rapeseed oils reduced fatty liver formation in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Li Youdong , Li Jinwei , Cao Peirang , Liu Yuanfa
Published: June 2020

Sinapine reduces lipid accumulation in cells and the liver by regulating lipid metabolism.
Stress stability study of simeprevir, a hepatitis C virus inhibitor, using feasible TLC-spectro-densitometry: application to pharmaceutical dosage form and human plasma
Authors: Mohammed Bassam Shaaban , Hamad Amal E. , Derayea Sayed M.
Published: June 2020

Simeprevir is one of the newest direct action anti-hepatitis C drugs.
Efficient and chromaticity stable green and white organic light-emitting devices with organic–inorganic hybrid materials
Authors: Thanikachalam Venugopal , Seransenguttuvan Balu , Jayabharathi Jayaraman
Published: June 2020

Efficient inverted bottom emissive organic light emitting diodes (IBOLEDs) with tin dioxide and/or Cd-doped SnO2 nanoparticles as an electron injection layer at the indium tin oxide cathode:electron transport layer interface have been fabricated.
Syngas production by bi-reforming methane on an Ni–K-promoted catalyst using hydrotalcites and filamentous carbon as a support material
Authors: Cunha Adelino F. , Morales-Torres Sergio , Pastrana-Martínez Luisa M. , Martins António A. , Mata Teresa M. , Caetano Nídia S. , Loureiro José M.
Published: June 2020

A Ni phase dispersed in CO2 is used with a K promoter in the BRM. The LDH support structure collapses at high temperatures, inducing large Ni crystal sizes, and disfavoring activity. The catalyst is compensated by the K promoter, and the formation of an Mg–Al-spinel.
The role of PMA in enhancing the surface acidity and catalytic activity of a bimetallic Cr–Mg-MOF and its applications for synthesis of coumarin and dihydropyrimidinone derivatives
Authors: Salama Reda S. , Hassan Shawky M. , Ahmed Awad I. , El-Yazeed W. S. Abo , Mannaa Mohammed A.
Published: June 2020

PMA supported on Cr–Mg-MOF has been successfully synthesized. All catalysts exhibits distinct catalytic activity in the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones and 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin and showed excellent % yield and recycling efficiency.
Mildly regulated intrinsic faradaic layer at the oxide/water interface for improved photoelectrochemical performance
Authors: Yin Ziyu , Chen Xiangtian , Wang Cheng , Guo Zijing , Wu Xinglong , Zhao Zongyan , Yao Yingfang , Luo Wenjun , Zou Zhigang
Published: June 2020

The intrinsic faradaic layer in an oxide photoelectrode can accelerate interface charge collection and oxygen evolution reaction kinetics simultaneously.
Supramolecular combination chemotherapy: a pH-responsive co-encapsulation drug delivery system
Authors: Chen Junyi , Zhang Yadan , Meng Zhao , Guo Lei , Yuan Xingyi , Zhang Yahan , Chai Yao , Sessler Jonathan L. , Meng Qingbin , Li Chunju
Published: June 2020

Most cancer chemotherapy regimens rely on the use of two or more chemotherapeutic agents. A supramolecular approach that may allow co-delivery of two drugs is described here.
Mapping protein–polymer conformations in bioconjugates with atomic precision
Authors: Burridge Kevin M. , Shurina Ben A. , Kozuszek Caleb T. , Parnell Ryan F. , Montgomery Jonathan S. , VanPelt Jamie L. , Daman Nicholas M. , McCarrick Robert M. , Ramelot Theresa A. , Konkolewicz Dominik , Page Richard C.
Published: June 2020

Protein–polymer conjugates are explored using magnetic resonance methods to investigate the conformations of the polymer relative to the protein's surface.
Silanol: a bifunctional group for peptide synthesis and late-stage functionalization
Authors: Hu Qi-Long , Hou Ke-Qiang , Li Jian , Ge Yang , Song Zhen-Dong , Chan Albert S. C. , Xiong Xiao-Feng
Published: June 2020

Efficient Pd-catalyzed ortho-olefination of Tyr residues by employing silanol as a directing group with high chemo- and site-selectivity was developed. Orthogonal protection strategies were also successfully applied to SPPS.
Bimetallenes for selective electrocatalytic conversion of CO2: a first-principles study
Authors: Zhao Zhonglong , Lu Gang
Published: June 2020

Two-dimensional bimetallenes are explored for the first time as promising electrocatalysts for CO2 conversion by extensive first-principles calculations.
Controllable synthesis of biomimetic nano/submicro-fibrous tubes for potential small-diameter vascular grafts
Authors: Wan Yizao , Yang Shanshan , Peng Mengxia , Gama Miguel , Yang Zhiwei , Deng Xiaoyan , Zhou Jianye , Ouyang Chenxi , Luo Honglin
Published: June 2020

A novel small-diameter graft consisting of nanofibrous bacterial cellulose and submicrofibrous cellulose acetate was prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo.
Atractylon treatment prevents sleep-disordered breathing-induced cognitive dysfunction by suppression of chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced M1 microglial activation
Authors: Lin Yan , Liu Xiuxiu , Tan Dan , Jiang Zhiyan
Published: June 2020

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) induced by sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a key factor involved in cognitive dysfunction (CD). Increasing evidence has shown that atractylon (ATR) has anti-inflammatory effects. However, it remains unclear if ATR has a protective effect against SDB-induced nerve cell injury and CD. So, in the present study, CIH-exposed mice and CIH-induced BV2 cells were used to mimic SDB. The results showed that ATR treatment decreased CIH-induced CD and the expression of inflammatory factors in the hippocampal region by suppression of M1 microglial activation and promotion of M2 microglial activation. Also, ATR treatment promoted sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression. Down-regulation of SIRT3 decreased the protective effect of ATR against CIH-induced microglial cell injury. Furthermore, in vitro detection found that SIRT3 silencing suppressed ATR-induced M2 microglial activation after exposure to CIH conditions. Taken together, these results indicate that ATR treatment prevents SDB-induced CD by inhibiting CIH-induced M1 microglial activation, which is mediated by SIRT3 activation.
The efficacy of L-carnitine in improving malnutrition in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Jianwei , Yang Tubao
Published: June 2020

The improvement of malnutrition with levocarnitine in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients is controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of levocarnitine in improving malnutrition in MHD patients. We performed a literature search for relevant articles related to the treatment of malnutrition by L-carnitine in MHD patients in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases. We set the publication dates from 1950 to July 2019. The levels of albumin, prealbumin, total protein, and transferrin before and after treatment were used for assessing malnutrition. Twenty-seven studies were included in the present analysis. The results of the random effects model indicated that L-carnitine treatment improved the albumin level in patients on MHD patients. The pooled standardized mean difference of albumin level was 2.51 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.13−2.90, P<0.001). The pooled total protein level was 3.83 (95% CI: 2.41−5.24, P = 0.000) and the pooled transferrin level was 0.35 (95% CI: 0.18−0.52, P = 0.000). Significant differences were observed with the total protein and transferrin levels. The results indicated that levocarnitine significantly improved the prealbumin level in patients on MHD. The pooled prealbumin level was 70.86 (95% CI: 42.99−98.73, P = 0.000). No publication bias was detected (P>0.05). The present meta-analysis indicated that L-carnitine can have a favorable effect on malnutrition biomarkers in patients on MHD, including the increase in albumin, total protein, transferrin, and prealbumin levels. The L-carnitine could be an option for treatment of MHD patients.
Two‐stage chance‐constrained unit commitment based on optimal wind power consumption point considering battery energy storage
Authors: Chen Zhe , Li Zhengshuo , Guo Chuangxin , Ding Yi , He Yubin
Published: June 2020

Wind power generation has developed rapidly in recent decades due to low carbon emissions. However, the significant uncertainty makes it uneconomic or even unreliable to be consumed, which hinders the development of wind energy. To guarantee the minimum wind utilisation level without jeopardising system reliability and cost‐effectiveness, this study proposes a concept of optimal wind power consumption point. Based on that, a two‐stage chance‐constrained unit commitment model is presented to co‐optimise the day‐ahead energy and reserve schedules, which achieves a reasonable trade‐off between robustness and costs. The battery energy storage is also investigated to enhance system flexibility and promote wind consumption. The joint chance constraint is dealt with through a sample average approximation method in bilinear forms. The resulting large‐scale mixed‐integer programming is decomposed into the master and subproblem formulations and then solved iteratively by the developed bilinear Benders decomposition (BBD) method. To achieve computational tractability, several techniques are used to enhance the convergence property of BBD and accelerate the solution process, with a novel optimality‐check‐only bilinear Benders decomposition method proposed. Case studies on six‐bus, IEEE 118‐bus and 236‐bus systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm.
SARS-CoV-2-Infektion (COVID-19): Was kommt auf uns zu?
Authors: Kern Winfried V. , Biever Paul M. , Rieg Siegbert , Panning Marcus
Published: June 2020

Was ist neu?

Diagnostik von Coronavirus-Infektionen Die Diagnostik der Wahl bleibt der Nachweis mittels PCR im Nasopharyngealsekret. Die PCR-Positivität bei Nasen-Rachen-Abstrichen hält oft länger als 10 Tage an und wird anschließend auch bei klinischer Gesundung noch einige Tage intermittierend beobachtet. Die Erregerzahl ist dann jedoch meistens niedrig, und Viruskulturen in dieser Zeit sind in der Regel negativ, es besteht also meist keine Infektiosität mehr.

Krankheitsbild Die Hauptkomplikation der SARS-CoV-2-Infektion ist die Pneumonie mit Entwicklung eines akuten Atemnotsyndroms (ARDS). Asymptomatische und oligosymptomatische Verläufe mit Virussauscheidung sind nicht selten, bei Kindern sind sie möglicherweise häufiger als bei Erwachsenen. Die Virusausscheidung bei symptomlosen Menschen und in der präsymptomatischen Phase einer Infektion ist für Übertragungen relevant.

Therapieoptionen und Impfung Eine effektive antivirale Therapie ist bisher nicht etabliert. Steroide zur antientzündlichen Therapie werden nicht empfohlen. Ein Impfstoff wird frühestens Mitte bis Ende 2021 erwartet.

Epidemiologie Die bisherigen Angaben zur Sterblichkeit der SARS-CoV-2-Infektion sind widersprüchlich; die Sterblichkeit ist sicher niedriger als bei SARS und MERS, vermutlich jedoch höher als bei den meisten saisonalen Grippewellen der letzten Jahre. Eine Vorbereitung aller Akteure im Gesundheitswesen auf eine längerfristige Belastung durch stationär Behandlungspflichtige und Komplikationen und Schaffung entsprechender Kapazitäten ist sehr wichtig. Niederschwelliges diagnostisches Testen und rasches Aufdecken von Infektionsketten bleiben wesentlich zur besseren Kontrolle der Pandemie. Eine effektive Vakzine ist dringlich.
Ausweg aus der Versorgungslücke: Voll Krankenkassen-finanzierte konservative Adipositas-Therapie
Authors: Frenzel Sarah Victoria , Bach Sophie , Ahrens Swantje , Hellbardt Mario , Hilbert Anja , Stumvoll Michael , Fasshauer Mathias , Schlögl Haiko
Published: June 2020

Hintergrund Das Leipziger Adipositasmanagement ist das deutschlandweit erste interdisziplinäre Therapieprogramm für Patienten mit Adipositas Grad 2 und 3 mit einem langfristigen (i. e., 4-jährigen) konservativen Behandlungsarm, welches über einen Vertrag der integrierten Versorgung (IV) komplett durch eine gesetzliche Krankenkasse finanziert wird. Die vorliegende Arbeit evaluiert die Effektivität des ersten Abschnitts des Programms mit einer mittleren Laufzeit von 72 Wochen.

Methoden Von 243 Personen wurden Gewicht, Körperumfänge sowie ausgewählte metabolische und psychologische Parameter vor Beginn (t0) und nach Abschluss des ersten Therapieabschnitts (t1) erhoben. Das methodische Design entspricht einer prospektiven Auswertung klinischer Real-World-Daten.

Ergebnisse Die Kosten pro Patient betrugen durchschnittlich 2022 €. Die Teilnehmer erreichten eine durchschnittliche Gewichtsreduktion von 5 kg (95 %-Konfidenzintervall (KI) 3,8–6,2) bzw. 4 % (KI 3,1–4,9) des Ausgangsgewichts. Der Hämoglobin-A1c-Wert reduzierte sich in der Gesamtkohorte von 5,9 % auf 5,6 % und bei Diabetes-mellitus-Patienten von 6,7 % auf 6,2 %. Weitere metabolische (z. B. Low-density-Lipoprotein- und Gesamtcholesterin) sowie psychologische (z. B. Lebensqualität) Parameter verbesserten sich ebenfalls signifikant.

Schlussfolgerung Die vorliegenden Daten belegen unter Real-World-Bedingungen, dass ein über einen IV-Vertrag voll kassenfinanziertes Therapieprogramm bei Adipositas Grad 2 und 3 eine klinisch relevante Gewichtsreduktion und damit verbundene metabolische Verbesserungen erreicht. Das Leipziger Adipositasmanagement trägt zur Schließung der Versorgungslücke, die aktuell für die Adipositas-Therapie in Deutschland besteht, bei und verbessert die Qualität der Angebote durch eine individuelle langjährige Betreuung.
Curve Sprinting in Soccer: Kinematic and Neuromuscular
Analysis
Authors: Filter Alberto , Olivares-Jabalera Jesús , Santalla Alfredo , Morente-Sánchez Jaime , Robles-Rodríguez Jose , Requena Bernardo , Loturco Irineu
Published: June 2020

Sprinting in curvilinear trajectories is an important soccer ability,
corresponding to ~85% of the actions performed at maximum
velocity in a soccer league. We compared the neuromuscular behavior and foot
contact-time between outside leg and inside leg during curve sprinting to both
sides in soccer players. Nine soccer players (age=23±4.12 years)
performed: 3×Sprint linear, 3×Sprint right curve, and
3×Sprint left curve. An ANOVA with repeated measures was used to compare
the differences between inside and outside leg, and Cohen’s d was used
to calculate the effect-size. Considering the average data, the performance
classification (from best to worst) was as follows: 1. Curve
“good” side (2.45±0.11 s), 2. Linear (2.47±0.13
s), and 3. Curve “weak” side (2.56±0.17 s). Comparing
linear with curve sprinting, inside leg recorded significant differences
(“good” and “weak”; effect size=1.20 and
2, respectively); in contrast, for outside leg, there were no significant
differences (“good” and “weak”; effect
size=0.30 and 0.49, respectively). Electromyography activity showed
significant differences (p≤0.05) during curve sprinting between outside
(higher in biceps femoris and gluteus medius) and inside leg (higher activity in
semitendinosus and adductor). In summary, inside and outside leg play different
roles during curved sprints, but inside leg is more affected by the change from
straight to curve sprint.
SGLT-2-Inhibitoren zur Progressionshemmung der chronischen Nierenerkrankung
Authors: Heine Gunnar Henrik
Published: June 2020

Was ist neu?

Potenzielle nephroprotektive Effekte von SGLT-2-Inhibitoren Nachdem kardiovaskuläre Sicherheitsstudien bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus und erhöhtem kardiovaskulärem Risiko vor einigen Jahren einen potenziellen nephroprotektiven Effekt von SGLT-2-Inhibitoren suggerierten, konnte nun die CREDENCE-Studie bei diabetischen Patienten mit gering- bis mittelgradig verminderter glomerulärer Filtrationsrate und höhergradiger Albuminurie eine verlangsamte Progression der chronischen Nierenerkrankung hin zur Dialysepflichtigkeit nachweisen.

Ausblick Die nachfolgenden DAPA-CKD- und EMPA-KIDNEY-Studien sollten untersuchen, ob auch SGLT-2-Inhibitoren bei chronisch nierenkranken Menschen (a) ohne Diabetes mellitus, (b) ohne Albuminurie und/oder (c) mit höhergradig eingeschränkter glomerulärer Filtrationsrate nephroprotektive Eigenschaften haben. Im März 2020 wurde mitgeteilt, dass DAPA-CKD auch für Dapagliflozin einen nephroprotektiven Effekt eindeutig nachweist. Die Publikation steht zum Druckzeitpunkt dieses Artikels noch aus. Neue Leitlinien der globalen Kidney-Disease:-Improving-Global-Outcomes (KDIGO)-Initiative werden 2020 bei chronisch nierenkranken Diabetikern SGLT-2-Inhibitoren als Standardtherapie vorschlagen, auch wenn diese Empfehlung momentan in Konflikt mit dem europäischen Zulassungsstatus steht.
Influence of Clinical Expertise Between Clinician-Instructors Versus Student-Instructors on the Effectiveness of Ultrasound Courses
Authors: Hofer Matthias , Kamper Lars , Heussen Nicole , Martin Ole , Heverhagen Johannes
Published: June 2020

Purpose To investigate how the extent of an ultrasound instructor’s clinical expertise influences the level of hands-on ultrasound competency achieved by clinicians after three-day ultrasound courses in abdominal and emergency ultrasound. The second goal was to determine how physicians in residency rate the sonographic and didactic skills of student instructors compared to medical staff instructors.

Method A total of N = 100 residents participating in a 3-day ultrasound workshop were randomly trained either by 15 student instructors or by clinical staff physicians, both with > 2 years of teaching experience. Both instructor groups had previously completed 120 hours of didactic instructor training. Ultrasound competencies were assessed by a standardized objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) of healthy individuals. The sonographic and didactic skills of both instructor groups were rated by questionnaires with six-step Likert items (1 = excellent, 6 = poor).

Results The cohort, trained by student instructors, achieved the same scoring level as the second cohort, trained by physician instructors (mean score 76.4, versus 73.7 of max. 100 points, p = 0.28) in the final OSCE. The sonographic qualification was rated for student educators as 1.44 (mean) [1.1–1.62], versus residents 1.46 [1.26–1.61], versus attendings 1.29 [1.05–1.61]. Didactic skill levels were rated without significant differences with means of 1.53, 1.57 and 1.53, respectively.

Discussion & Conclusion The didactic competence of student instructors does not differ statistically from the competency levels of experienced physicians. In terms of the acquired ultrasound skills of trainees, our data indicate that student instructors can be as efficient as staff instructors. Therefore, student instructors can be employed as resource-saving ultrasound educators without decreasing the skills level achieved by course participants, provided that they previously underwent a comprehensive didactic and sonographic training program.
New Organic Dyes from Phthalonitrile via Interesting Nucleophilic Reactions
Authors: Li Cheng-Hui , Zheng Wei
Published: June 2020

Phthalonitrile (PN) is regarded mostly as an important precursor for phthalocyanine (Pc). However, the presence of two ortho triple bonds also endow PN with significant potential to form novel conjugated systems. Based on several unexpected nucleophilic reactions, our group has discovered novel applications of PN for the synthesis of asymmetric benzo-fused aza-BOIDPYs and new fused-ring phthalorubines (Pr). This Synpacts highlights our recent advances in this field.

1 Introduction

2 Benzo-Fused Aza-BODIPYs

3 Phthalorubines

4 Conclusion
Informal Leadership in Health Care
Authors: Lawson Douglas , Fleshman James W.
Published: June 2020

Informal leaders in nursing, medical specialties, and administration positively impact the success of an institution. Developing all members of the team as leader then becomes important, especially in the area of nursing. The result is less need for management and control and more individual self-motivated participation in quality improvement.
How to Develop a Leadership Training Program
Authors: Fleshman James W.
Published: June 2020

Leadership training is an essential component of faculty development and resident training. Characteristics of leaders include growth mindset, curiosity, humility, selflessness, intrinsic motivation, hunger to achieve, insight, collaboration, harmony, introversion and analytical approach (inherited) and emotional intelligence, empathy, flexibility, adaptability, conflict management, resilience, interpersonal skills, and judgment (learned). Training for each of these characteristics will enhance the leadership abilities of the surgical department.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Role of Human Saliva as a Testing Biofluid in Point-of-Care Technology
Authors: Hamid Hiba , Khurshid Zohaib , Adanir Necdet , Zafar Muhammad S. , Zohaib Sana
Published: June 2020

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has termed as a controllable pandemic, and the entire world has come to a standstill trying to mitigate the disease with health systems. Health care providers, around the globe, are fighting day and night. Currently, rapid testing is taking place with the help of nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal swab, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, urine, and blood. All these approaches are invasive or embarrassing to the infected person. It is observed that salivary glands are hosting severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and the detection of high viral loads in the saliva and is playing a crucial role in virus transmission, especially from individuals showing absolutely no symptoms. Saliva is proving to be a promising noninvasive sample specimen for the diagnosis of COVID-19, thus helping to monitor the infection and prevent it from further spreading by prompt isolation.
A processual view of organizational stigmatization in foreign market entry: The failure of Guggenheim Helsinki
Authors: Ritvala Tiina , Granqvist Nina , Piekkari Rebecca
Published: June 2020

Multinational organizations increasingly face strong resistance to their market entry by some local audiences, reflecting growing ideological divisions and populism in societies. We turned to the organizational stigma literature for the conceptual tools and vocabulary to uncover why multinationals can simultaneously be praised by some audiences and tainted by others. Drawing on a longitudinal explanatory case study of an unsuccessful market entry, we develop a process model of organizational stigmatization in a foreign market entry. Our model explains how and why some local audiences may taint the core attributes of an entry-seeking organization and its market entry process, while others may embrace the foreign entrant. We also introduce the notion of cross-border stigma translation where negative audience evaluations are amplified across geographic contexts. A focus on competing local audiences is important for understanding the generative mechanisms of the liability of foreignness and liability of origin and how to manage them. Our study grounds a conversation on the processes and mechanisms of organizational stigmatization that may cause permanent liabilities to foreign organizations.
The gains of reduction in translational processes: illness blogs and clinical-ethics cases
Authors: Wohlmann Anita , Michl Susanne
Published: June 2020

Translational processes in clinical contexts and literature studies are ubiquitous. This article first outlines three different models of translation, which describe how source text and target text relate to one another, namely as sameness, reduction, and production. The article makes a case for understanding translation as a relational ontology and focuses on the role of reduction in translational processes. Rather than condemning reduction a priori for its many problems, the authors suggest reevaluating reduction as a necessary and welcome dynamic and dialogical process. Reduction is approached from a double perspective: In literary studies, reduction is a process that entails condensation, rawness and directness, and thus reduction is associated with a positive ethos. In science studies and comparative studies, reduction has been described as a heuristic mechanism that enables theory building. The article makes a contribution to translation in clinical contexts by describing the gains of reduction in translational processes. These claims are exemplified through the analysis of two text genres: an illness blog and clinical-ethics cases. Our analysis suggests that reduction is not necessarily an antonym to production or complexity but a practice that makes visible the ties that motivate translation or are its result. In doing so, the contribution aims to provide a more positive account of the processes of reduction in translational practices.
Measuring nanoscale local emission characteristics of LAFEs
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: June 2020

Method used to measure local emission characteristics of large area field emitters can help researchers better understand the overall emission process in these devices.