bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Empirics of Hidden Labor Force Dynamics in Germany
Authors: Provenzano Sandro
Published: September 2017

The unemployment rate is the core indicator when researchers and policy-makers assess the level of underemployment in an economy. However, accumulating evidence suggests that the unemployment rate is biased and underestimates the true level of underemployment. Closing this gap is especially important because the distortion systematically changes along the business cycle and affects the various subgroups of the population differently. Neglecting these effects when setting up policies might flaw its effectiveness and result in unexpected outcomes. Although the existence of these effects is widely agreed upon only little is known about the magnitude of these effects across various subgroups. Using a highly disaggregated dataset from Germany, this study examines the dynamics in labor force participation that go beyond the unemployment rate. Ample evidence is found that the discouraged and the added worker effect significantly affect particular subgroups in the German labor market. In addition, the discouraged and the added worker effect are generally found to be very symmetric in economic upturns and downturns. Moreover, the labor market reforms in Germany between 2003 and 2005 are found to have reduced the discouraged worker effect on average by 25%, leaving the added worker effect unchanged.
Using Network Analysis to Identify Key Actors in Collaborative Governance Processes
Authors: Carboni Julia L. , Siddiki Saba , Koski Chris , Sadiq Abdul-Akeem
Published: September 2017

Collaborative governance is an increasingly popular form of governance. In theory, collaborative governance processes should be inclusive and value the perspectives of multiple stakeholders, including nonprofit organizations. In practice, this may not be the case. Recent work on representation in collaborative governance has found asymmetry in the way actor groups are descriptively and substantively represented in the collaborative governance process. We extend this line of work by employing network methods to create a diagnostic tool to identify which individual actors are substantively represented in collaborative governance processes over time. This tool is designed to systematically evaluate whether individual actors are under or overrepresented in collaborative governance. It provides a starting point for groups to discuss whether they are functionally inclusive and to understand whether non-inclusion is random or systematic. We apply the tool to collaborative governance in a regional food system and find variance in substantive representation by actor, indicating the collaborative governance process diverges from its inclusive design in practice. In particular, nonprofit organizations who are formally part of the collaborative governance process are not substantively represented in formal meetings to the same degree as city and county agencies.
Zuhören vs. Lesen: Verständnis literarischer Texte bei Schüler_innen
Authors: Schlücker Barbara , Hannken-Illjes Kati , Dehé Nicole
Published: September 2017

This paper investigates the effect of the mode of reception (listening vs. reading) on the comprehension of literary texts of different degrees of linguistic complexity in German, testing schoolchildren in Grade 8. To this end, two texts were used: the grammatically and lexically comparatively more complex novellaDas Erdbeben in Chiliby Heinrich von Kleist, and the comparatively less complex novellaKleider machen Leuteby Gottfried Keller. Thus, in contrast to previous studies on schoolchildren’s reading and listening comprehension, which often use very short texts composed specifically for the purpose of the study, a major aim of the current study is to test authentic literary material, which German students are regularly confronted with at school. Students read or listened to excerpts of these novellas and subsequently filled in a questionnaire containing questions on the correct comprehension of the respective texts, thereby addressing both local and global aspects of comprehension. The results are twofold: First, listening comprehension is better than reading comprehension, regardless of the complexity of the text (i.e. for both the Kleist and the Keller text). Second, the first effect is even stronger for global text comprehension than for comprehension of local details.
The Interplay between Long- and Short-Range Temporal Correlations Shapes Cortex Dynamics across Vigilance States
Authors: Meisel Christian , Klaus Andreas , Vyazovskiy Vladyslav V. , Plenz Dietmar
Published: September 2017

Increasing evidence suggests that cortical dynamics during wake exhibits long-range temporal correlations suitable to integrate inputs over extended periods of time to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in decision making and working memory tasks. Accordingly, sleep has been suggested as a state characterized by a breakdown of long-range correlations. However, detailed measurements of neuronal timescales that support this view have so far been lacking. Here, we show that the cortical timescales measured at the individual neuron level in freely behaving male rats change as a function of vigilance state and time awake. Although quiet wake and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are characterized by similar, long timescales, these long timescales are abrogated in non-REM sleep. We observe that cortex dynamics exhibits rapid transitions between long-timescale states and sleep-like states governed by short timescales even during wake. This becomes particularly evident during sleep deprivation, when the interplay between these states can lead to an increasing disruption of long timescales that are restored after sleep. Experiments and modeling identify the intrusion of neuronal offline periods as a mechanism that disrupts the long timescales arising from reverberating cortical network activity. Our results provide novel mechanistic and functional links among behavioral manifestations of sleep, wake, and sleep deprivation and specific measurable changes in the network dynamics relevant for characterizing the brain's changing information-processing capabilities. They suggest a network-level function of sleep to reorganize cortical networks toward states governed by long timescales to ensure efficient information integration for the time awake.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLack of sleep deteriorates several key cognitive functions, yet the neuronal underpinnings of these deficits have remained elusive. Cognitive capabilities are generally believed to benefit from a neural circuit's ability to reliably integrate information. Persistent network activity characterized by long timescales may provide the basis for this integration in cortex. Here, we show that long-range temporal correlations indicated by slowly decaying autocorrelation functions in neuronal activity are dependent on vigilance states. Although wake and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep exhibit long timescales, these long-range correlations break down during non-REM sleep. Our findings thus suggest two distinct states in terms of timescale dynamics. During extended wake, the rapid switching to sleep-like states with short timescales can lead to an overall decline in cortical timescales.
An Investigation on the Detectability of Deceptive Intent about Flying through Verbal Deception Detection
Authors: Kleinberg Bennett , Nahari Galit , Arntz Arnoud , Verschuere Bruno
Published: September 2017

Background:

Academic research on deception detection has largely focused on the detection of past events. For many applied purposes, however, the detection of false reports about someone’s intention merits attention. Based on the verbal deception detection paradigm, we explored whether true statements on intentions were more detailed and more specific than false statements on intentions, particularly when instructed to be as specific as possible.

Method:

Participants (n = 222) lied or told the truth about their upcoming travel plans either providing ‘as much information as possible’ (standard instructions) or being ‘as specific as possible’ (i.e., mentioning times, locations, places; specific instructions), resulting in four conditions (truthful vs. deceptive intention by standard vs. specific instructions). We collected data via a custom-made web app and performed automated verbal content analysis of participants’ written answers.

Findings:

We did not find a significant difference in the specificity of participants’ statements. The instruction to be as specific as possible promoted more specific information but did not help to discern honest from deceptive flying intentions.

Conclusion:

The experiment reported here attempted to demonstrate automated verbal deception detection of intentions. The difficulty in capturing genuine intentions, and the non-intrusive, non-interactive questioning approach might explain the null findings and raise questions for further research. We conclude with suggestions for a novel framework on semi-interactive information elicitation.
What’s Done is Done: Verb Aspect and Verbatim Memory
Authors: Salomon-Amend Meghan , Radvansky G.A. , Anderson Sarah
Published: September 2017

Grammatical verb aspect uses morphosyntactic cues (‘-ed’, ‘-ing’) to convey whether an action is, for example, complete (“walked”) or on-going (“was walking”) and has shown notable comprehension ramifications for a reader’s event model. Additionally, research suggests that the reader quickly forgets verbatim surface-form information, such as morphosyntactic cues, while the event model remains intact. The current study used three different memory tests to probe readers’ event models of the texts, testing readers’ event model at retrieval. More importantly, we explored whether participants could have biased memory for the perfective aspect consistent with events unfolding in the narrative world. We show that verbs in the perfective aspect were remembered more accurately than those in the imperfective aspect. Moreover, imperfective verbs had a stronger tendency to be misremembered as being in the perfective aspect. That is, readers’ memory seems to be affected by the passage of narrative time, rather than maintaining fidelity to the temporal status of the verb at original presentation.
Authority of Law: An Analysis of The Role of Police
Authors: Keir Veronika
Published: September 2017

Veronika is a recent graduate from the Honours Legal Studies program at the University of Waterloo. Her passions are socio-legal research, policy development, feminist legal theory, and crime control development. Veronika is currently working a full-time job at Oracle Canada, planning on pursuing further education in a Masters program. 
Sustaining SLUG Bug CLABSI Reduction: Does Sterile Tubing Change Technique Really Work?
Authors: Pallotto Eugenia K. , Piazza Anthony J. , Smith Joan R. , Grover Theresa R. , Chuo John , Provost Lloyd , Mingrone Teresa , Holston Margaret , Moran Susan ,   DNP, Morelli Lorna ,   LNCC, Zaniletti Isabella , Brozanski Beverly
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate the ability to sustain and further reduce central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates in NICUs participating in a multicenter CLABSI reduction collaborative and to assess the impact of the sterile tubing change (TC) technique as an important component in CLABSI reduction.

METHODS:

A multi-institutional quality improvement collaborative lowered CLABSI rates in level IV NICUs over a 12-month period. During the 19-month sustain phase, centers were encouraged to monitor and report compliance measures but were only required to report the primary outcome measure of the CLABSI rate. Four participating centers adopted the sterile TC technique during the sustain phase as part of a local Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle.

RESULTS:

The average aggregate baseline NICU CLABSI rate of 1.076 CLABSIs per 1000 line days was sustained for 19 months across 17 level IV NICUs from January 2013 to July 2014. Four centers transitioning from the clean to the sterile TC technique during the sustain phase had a 64% decrease in CLABSI rates from the baseline (1.59 CLABSIs per 1000 line days to 0.57 CLABSIs per 1000 line days).

CONCLUSIONS:

Sustaining low CLABSI rates in a multicenter collaborative is feasible with team engagement and ongoing collaboration. With these results, we further demonstrate the positive impact of the sterile TC technique in CLABSI reduction efforts.
The Social Life of Okinawan Corals
Authors: Claus C. Anne
Published: September 2017

In Japan, degradation of the nation’s southwestern coral reefs has been identified as a pressing environmental problem, and corals have been transformed into valuable commodities for conservation. This research analyzes the emergence of “restoration corals”—corals produced for ecological restoration—in Okinawa. Individuals briefly own these corals before they relinquish them to the coral reef, and the corals resume their lives as indistinguishable pieces of the sea. Following Kopytoff (1986), I examine the production, exchange, consumption, and de-commodification of this conservation commodity. I find that the social life of coralline commodities is not unilinear, nor is its outcome certain. As they plant their coral fragments, purchasers link them to existing religious and cultural practices and recreate corals as sites for altruism, memorialization, and divine communication. Restoration corals, in the hands of local amateur ecologists, become a way to simultaneously democratize knowledge of the sea and contest prevalent techno-scientific conservation approaches.
Competing Epistemologies
Authors: Debelo Asebe Regassa
Published: September 2017

Due to the ecological challenges faced by many around the globe, environmental conservation has now become an important priority among politicians, academicians, practitioners, and local communities in different cultural and livelihood contexts. Nevertheless, there is no clear consensus about the place of human beings in the environment and the best approach needed to avert ecological problems that arise from anthropogenic factors. While most mainstream Western notions of environmental conservation emphasize a human–nonhuman dualism, most indigenous cosmologies holistically embrace human, nonhuman, and supernatural beings as integral parts or ‘societies of nature’. Moreover, most conceptualizations of nature among indigenous peoples are deeply rooted in their beliefs, norms, values, and customs, which are performed and enacted in rituals that convey profound interconnectedness between humans and nature. Taking Nech Sar National Park in southern Ethiopia as a case study, this paper examines the conmicts and collaborations of different environmental epistemologies, namely the government’s conservationist discourse and local sacred cosmologies. Based on data from ethnographic research conducted among the Guji Oromo of southern Ethiopia, I argue that the Guji Oromo living in the Nech Sar National Park negotiate and/or appropriate governmental conservationist rhetoric as a pragmatic strategy to maneuver the government’s conservation practices for their advantage.
Smart gel system ofLinum usitatissimummucilage as a vehicle of an ophthalmic drug
Authors: Noreen Sobia , Arshad Mahira , Ghumman Shazia Akram , Noureen Shazia , Malik Muhammad Zubair , Bukhari Syed Nasir Abbas
Published: September 2017

Smart gel systems involve the utilization of the rapid sol–gel phase transition of an ocular solution in the cul-de-sac of eye in response to physicochemical stimuli. The current investigative scheme has been designed to formulate and assess a smart in situ gelling system of a quinolone antibiotic (ofloxacin) in combination with biodegradable polymers: Linum usitatissimum mucilage (LUM) and sodium alginate. The medicated formulations were clear and isotonic in the pH range 5·57–6·23 and converted into gel in the presence of simulated lachrymal fluid. The formulations were scrutinized through content uniformity, gelling capacity and rheological parameters and in vitro diffusion studies. The formulations were characterized by ultraviolet–visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for unveiling of the chemical interactions and preliminary structural elucidation. Sterility and stability, antibacterial and eye safety tests using in vitro and in vivo models proved that the optimized formulation (F2) is stable, therapeutically efficacious and non-irritant and provides complete and sustained release of the drug over a 12 h period in a predetermined manner. The data obtained thus suggest that a novel in situ gel system can be successfully designed by using biodegradable polymers for sustained ofloxacin delivery, leading toward the goal of a viable alternate ophthalmic medicine.
Jacked installation of underbridges
Authors: Thomson James C , Robinson Andy , Howe Christopher
Published: September 2017

This paper describes the development and use of jacked tunnel methods for installing underbridges below rail tracks and highways avoiding disruption to traffic movements. A range of techniques based on jacking precast units have been developed in the UK since 1967, when the abutments for a small underbridge below the main rail line near Exeter were jacked into place, the bridge deck being installed in a short track possession. This was the forerunner to a number of developments and projects, including modular methods to create bridge piers and abutments, box jacking and advanced support structures. The developments of the jacked deck and arch methods based on preformed lining units being jacked in on a slide path, a hybrid of deck slide and tunnelling, have greatly increased the possible clear spans, installation lengths and structure configurations. The key development issues are illustrated by reference to completed projects.
Study of the attitude of students towards new technological contexts and neuroscience progress
Authors: Llamas Salguero Fátima , Martín Lobo Pilar , Pradas Montilla Silvia , Gil Nájera Marta
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Technology and Neuroscience have formed a strong collaboration to improve education. The effective use of information and communication technologies (ict) in education practice requires that both students and teachers maintain a positive attitude towards these technologies, and develop their use in educational contexts to update teaching methodologies based on educational neuroscience and neuropsychology. Thus, the use of ict requires a positive attitude when using these tools during the teaching-learning process, as a starting point to improve the quality of the process. The article was written in the year 2016 in the faculty of Education of the Universidad Internancional de la Rioja. Methodology: The aim of this study is to analyze the student´s attitudes towards the use of new technologies in primary school classrooms. We designed a questionnaire and gave it to 1,770 students aged 11 and 12 years from 50 ceip (Infant and Primary schools). Results: In general, the results show that whilst students of 11 and 12 years do not show a rejection of the use of ict, a low percentage demonstrate that they would prefer to use them in a group. Conclusions: An adequate use of ict in the classroom would depend on the predisposition of the students, and the knowledge of the technologies and their use by teachers and students. Therefore, it is recommended for ict to be implemented in the classroom in order to improve the teaching-learning process and to incorporate new methodologies from neuroscience research.
Inter-professional education: Healthcare students' experiences
Authors: van Wyk Heila , de Beer Marianne
Published: September 2017

INTRODUCTION: Inter-professional education has been identified as a strategy to overcome some challenges facing healthcare throughout the world. The aim of inter-professional programmes within institutions of higher education is to improve teamwork between healthcare professionals. Different professionals with a variety of skills are required to work effectively in a team for comprehensive and cost-effective healthcare. A number of research studies have investigated the outcomes of inter-professional education, but limited information is available to explain the mechanisms that led to these outcomes. This study could assist Inter-Professional Education (IPE) facilitators at institutions of higher education when developing and implementing IPE programmes. METHOD: Qualitative data of the final-year healthcare students' experiences of an inter-professional education programme were generated by means of a reflective essay. The essays were completed after participating in an inter-professional education programme and thematically analysed. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION: The findings of the study generated three main themes: the first theme was the outcomes of interprofessional education as experienced by the healthcare students, the second identified an environment in which teamwork was promoted, and the third identified certain attributes that team members needed for effective teamwork. The second and third themes were identified as mechanisms that lead to the outcomes described in theme one. It is recommended that facilitators of inter-professional education implement these mechanisms for optimal teamwork. Key words: Inter-professional education, healthcare student, qualitative, teamwork, mechanisms, outcomes
Street Play as occupation for pre-teens in Belhar, South Africa
Authors: Brackmann Amanda A , Ramugondo Elelwani , Daniels Adrienne , Galeni Fezeka , Awood Michael , Bush Tessa
Published: September 2017

Street play is often overlooked as an important activity for young people and can have negative connotations associated with it. There is currently no documented research which describes the meaning children and young people ascribe to street play. What people do every day - which may promote meaning, health and well-being - is regarded as occupation within occupational science and occupational therapy. This paper explores the experiences of pre-teens who engage in street play within the context of Belhar, South Africa. It reports on a study conducted to gain insight into street play from the perspectives of this group of young people, with the purpose of informing occupation-focussed occupational therapy with this population in contexts similar to Belhar. The findings of the study support an occupational justice approach to occupational therapy, which requires interdisciplinary research and practice, in order to inform policies such as the Open Streets initiatives that should promote children and young people's meaningful participation in society. They also challenge the traditional treatment modalities and recommend further research and discussion into rhetoric(s) such as play as power and identity. Key words: street play; phenomenology; pre-teens; occupational justice; play space
India’s Look East Policy: Relationship with ASEAN and Opportunities for North East India
Authors: Doley Shankar Jyoti
Published: September 2017

The intensification of the process of globalisation, liberalisation and privatisation has led to fundamental changes in the global political and economic architecture. In this changing political and economic context, India needed to take timely initiatives to integrate its economy with the global economy, which led to the adoption of New Economic Policy. The New Economic Policy of 24th July, 1991 is known as the precursor to the Look East Policy (LEP) of India. The ‘Look East policy’ has been a major part of India’s international engagement since its economic opening in 1991. The Look East Policy was initiated with the objective of liberalisation of India’s economy and improving its economic situation in North East India region. This paper analyses the impact of the India’s Look East Policy on the growth and development of North East region of India. In general, the potential benefits of the Look East policy are not being fully utilised because of inadequate infrastructure and political ignorance.
Self Help Group: A Strategy to Rural Development of Puri District in Odisha, India
Authors: Mishra Kailash Chandra
Published: September 2017

On the basis of a micro level study for Puri district in Odisha, this paper finds that the Self Help Groups (SHGs) have played a positive and significant role in generation of employment and income of its members engaged in different economic activities such as commercial farming, pisciculture, food processing, trade and commerce, household industry and agriculture. The members are found to have a change in the quality of their lives. Promotion of SHGs therefore, not only helps foster rural development but also go a long way in attaining inclusive growth in India.
An Exploratory Study of Renewable Power Sector in India
Authors: Jagotra Shukrant , Kamboj Deepika
Published: September 2017

Indian power generation sector has increased by 40% from 199 GW in FY12 to over 327 GW in FY17 to become the fifth largest power generation sector globally. India‘s power transmission network has also grown in sync with the generation sector to enable the evacuation of additional power produced. Renewable power has played a pivoted role in this expansion with its increased contribution in the overall generation mix from 24.5 GW in FY12 to over 57.3 GW in FY17. This paper discusses several drivers such as government’s renewable power targets, Central and state-level incentives, declining technology costs and facilitating sale of renewable power along with others that continue to outpace the barriers prevalent around poor financial condition of State Electricity Boards, challenges in renewable integration, concerns regarding sustainability of low renewable power tariffs and non-enforcement of renewable purchase obligations. The paper also an outlook of the overall renewable as well as solar and wind technology space.
Views of the Child Reports: Hearing Directly from Children Involved in Post-Separation Disputes
Authors: Birnbaum Rachel
Published: September 2017

Views of the Child reports are being increasingly used in Canada and other countries as a means of directly obtaining the child’s perspective on disputes between their parents and/or guardians. The reports provide information about the child’s perspective based on one or more interviews with a social worker. Yet, little research exists about their use and impact, the benefits and limitations of the approach, and less about what factors need to be considered in establishing practices and protocols to safely advance children’s views before the court. This article draws on the direct experiences of 24 children between the ages of 6–17 years about their views and preferences during family breakdown. The children describe how they wanted to speak to someone about their views and preferences, raised questions about the accuracy of the reporting of their views, the need for protecting their confidentiality by having a say of what is included in the report, and their support for children’s participation in decision-making post-separation. Practice, research and policy considerations are also highlighted in order for children’s participation to be truly meaningful to them, their parents and the courts.
Doing It Write: Representation and Responsibility in Writing Up Participatory Research Involving Young People
Authors: Wilkinson Catherine , Wilkinson Samantha
Published: September 2017

This article adopts a reflexive stance as the authors look back on their doctoral research projects; the first author exploring young people’s relationships with community radio, and the second author studying young people’s alcohol consumption practices and experiences, both in the North West of England, UK. The authors discuss the methods of data collection they employed, which enabled young people the opportunity to participate in meaningful ways. However, drawing on snapshots from their PhD theses, the authors question whether decisions made when writing up related to protecting anonymity, (re)presenting speech characteristics, and editing, independently of participants, potentially undid some of the hard work exerted in creating an equitable space for young people’s contributions, resultantly perpetuating the regulation of young people and keeping them ‘in their place’. The authors propose some recommendations for facilitating the inclusion of young people in the writing up of participatory research.
Voice or Voice-Over? Harnessing the Relationship between a Child’s Right to Be Heard and Legal Agency through Norwegian Bullying Cases
Authors: Clark Sevda
Published: September 2017

This article offers an analysis of the child’s right to be heard under Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its application in Norway, through a case study of bullying. The methodology combines a “top-down” legal interpretation of Article 12 in addition to an analysis of Section 9a of the Education Act, juxtaposed with bottom-up approaches. First, a legal analysis of Article 12 and the General Comments of the Convention on the Rights of the Child Committee is provided, with a view to demonstrating the strength of the connection between agency and voice. Looking from the bottom up, therefore, the article then pursues the voices of the bullied children themselves. It places its ear to the ground, so to speak, through an examination of complaints submitted by children to the Ombudsman for Children, in order to “hear” the voices of children subjected to bullying at school, before they are formulated in legal terms before judicial bodies. Finally, I offer a close reading of the report on Section 9a commissioned by the Norwegian Government, published in a 2015 Report (the “Djupedal Report”) in tandem with the leading Supreme Court 2012 decision on bullying, so as to critically examine the fulfilment of Article 12 in Norway. In the final analysis, I argue that in Norwegian bullying cases, though the child has the legal right to be heard, there is no voice, due to the limitations of legal agency for children pursuant to Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Inclusion as Ethics, Equity and/or Human Rights? Spotlighting School Mathematics Practices in Scotland and Globally
Authors: Swanson Dalene M. , Yu Hong-Lin , Mouroutsou Stella
Published: September 2017

Mathematics education has been notoriously slow at interpreting inclusion in ways that are not divisive. Dominant views of educational inclusion in school mathematics classrooms have been shaped by social constructions of ability. These particularly indelible constructions derive from the perceived hierarchical nature of mathematics and the naturalised assumption that mathematisation is purely an intellectual exercise. Constructions of ability, therefore, emanate from the epistemic structures of mathematics education as predominantly practiced worldwide, and the prevalence of proceduralism and exclusion in those practices. Assumptions about ‘ability’ have become a truth to mathematical aptitude held by mathematics teachers in schools. This includes schools across Scotland. In Scotland, the government owes the ‘included pupil’ a legal obligation to provide additional support for learning under section 1(1) of the Education (Additional Support for Learning) (Scotland) Act 2004. However, classroom practices deployed around socially-constructed notions of ability have seen schools moving away from an emphasis on ‘additional’ to an expansive interpretation of ‘different from’ in the language of section 1(3)(a) of the Act 2004. This shift, therefore, reinstalls exclusionary effects to school mathematics practices by creating the conditions for some pupils, constructed in terms of disabilities or low ability, to be afforded a more inferior education than others. While philosophical conversations around whether these practices are ethical, egalitarian or democratic might ensue, there is also the human rights angle, which asks whether such practices are even lawful.
You Learn What You Live: Prevalence of Childhood Adversity in the Lives of Juveniles Arrested for Sexual Offenses
Authors: Levenson Jill S. , Baglivio Michael , Wolff Kevin T. , Epps Nathan , Royall William "Chip" , Gomez Katherine C. , Kaplan Dahlia
Published: September 2017

ocial workers often find themselves working with children or adolescents who have been victims of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including youths who have ended up in the juvenile justice system. Childhood trauma has been linked to negative health, mental health, and behavioral outcomes across the lifespan. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence rates of child maltreatment and household dysfunction in the lives of juveniles who have been arrested for sexual offenses (JSO; n = 6,549). ACE prevalence rates for JSOs were compared by gender to juveniles arrested for other crimes, to adults arrested for sexual offenses, and to the general population. Youths in the delinquency system in Florida had much higher rates of high-ACE scores than the general population, indicating that they came from households where the accumulation and variety of early adversity is a salient feature in their lives. For those who have engaged in sexually abusive behavior, the existence of early maltreatment and family problems was prominent. Through a better understanding of the traumatic experiences of these youths, we can inform and enhance interventions designed to improve the functioning of sexually abusive juvenile clients and their families, and reduce risk of future recidivism.
Perceptions of Recidivism Among Incarcerated Youth: The Relationship Between Exposure to Childhood Trauma, Mental Health Status, and the Protective Effect of Mental Health Services in Juvenile Justice Settings
Authors: Yoder Jamie R. , Whitaker Kelly , Quinn Camille R.
Published: September 2017

Research suggests that youth involved the juvenile justice system have trauma histories that are two times higher than the general youth population. Juvenile justice-involved youth also have high rates of mental health symptoms. Fewer studies have examined how trauma links to mental health symptoms among youth offenders, and even less research focuses on how mental health status and service delivery can impact their perceived likelihood for success. This study examines the effects of mental health screening and service delivery on perceived future criminal justice interactions— arrest and incarceration—among adjudicated youth (n=7,073) housed in correctional facilities. Secondary data were used to examine trauma histories, mental health needs, and mental health screening and service delivery. Significant relationships between traumatic events and mental health problems were found, along with relationships between mental health problems and mental health screening and service delivery. Most interestingly, results pointed to the strong inverse relationship between mental health service delivery and youth’s perceived likelihood for recidivism. These findings show the promise of juvenile justice systems appropriately responding to the mental health concerns of youth.
Trauma-Informed Social Work Practice with Women with Disabilities: Working with Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Ballan Michelle S. , Freyer Molly
Published: September 2017

Women with disabilities experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at higher rates than both nondisabled women and men, and men with disabilities. Their significant exposure to IPV suggests notable levels of trauma-related symptomology. However, there is a dearth of research on trauma and IPV among women with disabilities, and services tailored to their diverse strengths and needs are scarce. Guided by critical disability theory and feminist disability theory, this article describes culturally sensitive, trauma- informed approaches to practice with female survivors of IPV with disabilities.
Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy: An Emerging Trauma-Informed Intervention
Authors: Buck Page Walker , Bean Nadine , De Marco Kristen
Published: September 2017

Equine-assisted psychotherapy (EAP) has emerged as a promising, evidence-based intervention for the treatment of trauma and stressor-related disorders. This experiential therapy offers an option for clients whose traumatic experiences render traditional talk therapies ineffective. Initial research on the most robust model of EAP, developed by the Equine Assisted Growth and Learning Association (EAGALA), indicates strong, positive effects for children, adolescents and adults who have experienced trauma. EAGALA was designed to allow for rigorous evaluation of efficacy, a clear theoretical base, standardized implementation, and ongoing training for practitioners. As the primary providers of mental and behavioral health services in the United States, social workers are keenly aware of the need for a portfolio of treatment methods to manage the increasing demand for services. EAP has emerged as an important addition to this portfolio, providing options for some the most vulnerable client populations.
Implementing Trauma-Informed Care: Recommendations on the Process
Authors: Yatchmenoff Diane K. , Sundborg Stephanie A. , Davis Mildred A.
Published: September 2017

The importance of trauma-informed care (TIC) is now recognized across most health and human service systems. Providers are calling for concrete examples of what TIC means in practice and how to create more trauma-informed organizations. However, much of the current understanding about implementation rests on principles and values rather than specific recommendations for action. This paper addresses this gap based on observations during the provision of technical assistance over the past decade in fields like mental health and addictions, juvenile justice, child welfare, healthcare, housing, and education. Focusing on the infrastructure for making change (the TIC workgroup), assessment and planning, and the early stages of implementation, the authors discuss barriers and challenges that are commonly encountered, strategies that have proven effective in addressing barriers, and specific action steps that can help sustain momentum for the longer term.
Contemporary Trauma Theory and Trauma-Informed Care in Substance Use Disorders: A Conceptual Model for Integrating Coping and Resilience
Authors: Goodman Revital
Published: September 2017

National data of children’s exposure to traumatic experiences are alarming. Research asserts the interconnectedness between experiencing childhood trauma (CT) or adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and developing substance use disorders (SUDs) in later adulthood. Trauma definition and contemporary trauma theory (CTT) provide the foundation for trauma informed care (TIC) in social work practice with co-occurring trauma and SUDs. TIC re-conceptualizes SUDs as a mechanism to cope with the effects of trauma. Coping and resilience are relevant factors to the ramifications of CT on SUDs, and are the manifestation of key TIC principles. Integrating TIC practices aimed at enhancing coping and resilience into treatment for co-occurring trauma and SUDs is needed in order to negate the devastating impact of trauma and propel recovery. Conclusions and implications to social work practice are discussed.
Implementation of Trauma-Informed Care in a Housing First Program for Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: A Case Study
Authors: Ward-Lasher Allison , Messing Jill , Stein-Seroussi Jillian
Published: September 2017

The intersection of trauma with the need for safe, stable, sustainable, and long-term housing is important when working with survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV advocacy agencies are advised to use a trauma-informed approach to help practitioners understand the impact of IPV on individuals. Housing First, a model addressing homelessness that provides permanent housing without preconditions, has been found to increase housing stability for survivors of IPV. Thus, we used a case study approach to examine how practitioners and administrators implement trauma-informed care in a Housing First program for IPV survivors. Trauma-informed care principles and the Housing First model were found to be complementary. The majority of clients in this program retained housing up to 3-months after services ended and increased their safety and knowledge of domestic violence. Combining Housing First with trauma-informed care may increase success for survivors of IPV.
Title IV-E Child Welfare Training and University Partnerships: Transforming State Child Protection Services into a Trauma-Informed System
Authors: Hernandez-Mekonnen Robin , Konrady Dawn
Published: September 2017

Children who are involved in the child welfare system have experienced trauma, and research indicates that parents of those children also frequently grapple with their own unresolved trauma. In addition, child welfare workers face high rates of secondary traumatic stress. Federal legislation from 2011 requires states to conduct universal trauma screening on children in foster care. The Administration on Children and Families (ACF) urges state Child Protection agencies (CPS) to become trauma-informed, however, many states still struggle to integrate a trauma focused practice model. This article describes the outcomes of a national, empirically driven, Core Concepts in Child Trauma for Child Welfare curriculum utilized in a Title IV-E university partnership program to teach graduate level child welfare agency supervisors. Findings suggest that the graduate trauma course demonstrates statistically significant gains in confidence, and also has a profound impact on the agency’s transformation into a trauma-informed system
Editorial Vol 18(1)
Authors: Allen Karen M. , Strand Virginia C.
Published: September 2017

We received a generous response to the initial call for papers for this special issue, which extended the anticipated timeframe for publication. We thank all of the authors and reviewers for their patience in working with us throughout the publication process. We would also like to thank Margaret Adamek, Kadie Booth, Valerie Decker, and Michael Hernandez for their help in bringing this issue to press. Although we were unable to include all of the submissions in this issue, we were impressed with the scope of work being done in this field as well as the compassion, creativity and dedication of individuals working in this area. We look forward to the continuing evolution of our understanding of trauma and effective ways of addressing trauma and hope that this issue contributes to that process.
Musical Complexity and "Embodied Notation": A Study of the Opus Clavicembalisticum (K. S. Sorabji)
Authors: Huisman Lukas , Gingras Bruno , Dhondt Geert , Leman Marc
Published: September 2017

Scores of complex, 20th century, solo piano pieces can be difficult to perform and may even include elements that are physically impossible to play. This article investigates the role of music notation in the Opus Clavicembalisticum of Sorabji, which is a rather extreme case in terms of virtuosity and length. To analyze the effect of score notation on learning and performing, 9 pianists were asked to practice music fragments in 3 different score editions, namely the original Urtext edition (a 4-staff score), performance edition (same notes but organized according to an "embodied" performance viewpoint), and study edition (further simplified and with added analytical reading aids). The hypothesis was that the "embodied notation" would have an effect on study time (shorter study time) and errors (fewer errors). Objective features of the study process and performance, such as study time, error ratio and markings on the score (fingerings, hand distribution, synchronization) were compared. Subjective remarks the performers made about the scores were also analyzed. Findings indicate a significant positive influence of the score type on the study time. These results suggest that players draw on ideomotor principles, which include processes based on learned and "embodied" associations between perceived images of the scores and the motor activity that is directly associated with it.
Small Influence of Performing from Memory on Audience Evaluation
Authors: Kopiez Reinhard , Wolf Anna , Platz Friedrich
Published: September 2017

This study investigates the influence of an actual music stand on the evaluation of a videotaped audio-visual solo instrumental performance. Previous research has provided evidence that the presence of a score or music stand (obstructing the audience's view of the performer) might negatively influence the evaluation of the performance. However, due to methodological ambiguities, results in previous studies cannot be regarded as definitive. Thus, we conducted a replication study of Williamon (1999) with better control over confounding variables (e.g., varying levels of technical proficiency in different conditions). A violoncello player performed two pieces for solo instrument: once with a music stand on stage (pretending to play from score) and once without. The level of technical proficiency was kept constant in both performance presentations by the use of a pre-recorded, well-rehearsed performance from memory. Audio tracks were synchronized with the performance movements in a playback paradigm. Based on the performance evaluations from a web-based experiment (N = 471 participants), we found a significant but small effect size for the main effect of performance presentation (with vs. without music stand) (d = 0.23). We conclude that the audience's appreciation of a particular performance from memory might be based on factors other than the objective performance quality.
Commentary on Zicari. Expressive Tempo Modifications in Adelina Patti's Recordings: An Integrated Approach
Authors: Ross Jaan
Published: September 2017

In this commentary, statistical and sound signal segmentation methods as applied in Massimo Zicari's "Expressive tempo modifications in Adelina Patti's recordings: An integrated approach" are discussed. A potential method of further analyzing the obtained data is also highlighted.
Commentary on Christopher White, "Relationships between tonal stability and metrical accent in monophonic contexts."
Authors: Temperley David
Published: September 2017

The following is a commentary of Christopher White's article on tonal stability and metrical accents.
Yield and morphological parameters of the cotton genotypes (Gossypium hirsutum L.), as affected by water stress in the Garmsar region, central Iran
Authors: Shahhosseini Zohreh , Habibi Davood , Kashani Ali , Aghayari Fayyaz , Tohidloo Qasem
Published: September 2017

This study investigates the effect of drought stress on the yield and the yield components of four cotton genotypes in a field experiment, at the Garmsar region. The experimental design was conducted by randomized block with three replications using factorial concepts. Three levels of drought stress comprising (FC 90%, FC 50%, and FC 20%) were employed as the main factor. Four cotton genotypes including Khordad, Varamin, NO200, KC8801 were selected as sub-factors. The results showed that the effect of stress on all traits were significant and the stress reduced the weight of boll. The biggest bolls were produced by the genotype KC8801. While the genotype NO200 produced the lightest weight of the bolls. The maximum and the minimum values of the cotton yield were observed in the genotypes KC8801 (FC 90%) and NO200 (FC 20%) with the rates of 3322kg/ha and 2160 kg/ha, respectively.