bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solvent controlling excited state proton transfer reaction in quinoline/isoquinoline‐pyrazole isomer QP‐I: A theoretical study
Authors: Yang Dapeng , Yang Guang , Zhao Jinfeng , Song Nahong , Zheng Rui , Wang Yusheng
Published: June 2017

In this present work, we theoretically study the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism about a quinoline/isoquinoline‐pyrazole isomerQP‐Isystem. Compared with previous experimental results, our calculated results reappear previous data, which further confirm the theoretical level we used is reasonable. We mainly adopt 2 kinds of solvents (nonpolar cyclohexane and polar acetonitrile) to explore solvents effects on this system. Through reduced density gradient (RDG) function, the intramolecular hydrogen bond N1─H2···N3 has been confirmed existing in both S0and S1states, although the distance between H2 and N3 is not short. In addition, the strengthening N1─H2···N3 in the S1state provides possibility for ESIPT. Explorations about charge redistribution reveal the trend of ESIPT, and frontier orbital gap reflects the reactivity in polar and nonpolar solvents. The constructing potential energy curves reveal that potential energy barriers could be controlled and regulated by solvent polarity.
European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., Lepidoptera: Crambidae): comparing the performance of a new bisexual lure with that of synthetic sex pheromone in five countries
Authors: Tóth Miklós , Szarukán István , Nagy Antal , Furlan Lorenzo , Benvegnù Isadora , Rak Cizej Magda , Ábri Tamás , Kéki Tamás , Körösi Szilvia , Pogonyi Attila , Toshova Teodora , Velchev Dimitar , Atanasova Daniela , Kurtulus Alican , Kaydan Bora Mehmet , Signori Alessio
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

Phenylacetaldehyde is a flower volatile and attractant for among others the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis. The addition of 4‐methoxyphenethyl alcohol has recently been reported to increase O. nubilalis catches four to five times, yielding a bisexual lure for the species.

RESULTS

The bisexual lure significantly outperformed synthetic pheromone lures of O. nubilalis at 11 out of 13 experiments conducted in Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Slovenia and Turkey.

CONCLUSION

The bisexual lure will provide growers with a new and efficient method for detection and monitoring of O. nubilalis. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Insecticide resistance and intracellular proteases
Authors: Wilkins Richard M
Published: June 2017

Pesticide resistance is an example of evolution in action with mechanisms of resistance arising from mutations or increased expression of intrinsic genes. Intracellular proteases have a key role in maintaining healthy cells and in responding to stressors such as pesticides. Insecticide‐resistant insects have constitutively elevated intracellular protease activity compared to corresponding susceptible strains. This increase was shown for some cases originally through biochemical enzyme studies and subsequently putatively by transcriptomics and proteomics methods. Upregulation and expression of proteases have been characterised in resistant strains of some insect species, including mosquitoes. This increase in proteolysis results in more degradation products (amino acids) of intracellular proteins. These may be utilised in the resistant strain to better protect the cell from stress. There are changes in insect intracellular proteases shortly after insecticide exposure, suggesting a role in stress response. The use of protease and proteasome inhibitors or peptide mimetics as synergists with improved application techniques and through protease gene knockdown using RNA interference (possibly expressed in crop plants) may be potential pest management strategies, in situations where elevated intracellular proteases are relevant. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
New technology for using meteorological information in forest insect pest forecast and warning systems
Authors: Qin Jiang‐Lin , Yang Xiu‐Hao , Yang Zhong‐Wu , Luo Ji‐Tong , Lei Xiu‐Feng
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

Near surface air temperature and rainfall are major weather factors affecting forest insect dynamics. The recent developments in remote sensing retrieval and geographic information system spatial analysis techniques enable the utilization of weather factors to significantly enhance forest pest forecasting and warning systems. The current study focused on building forest pest digital data structures as a platform of correlation analysis between weather conditions and forest pest dynamics for better pest forecasting and warning systems using the new technologies.

RESULTS

The study dataset contained 3 353 425 small polygons with 174 defined attributes covering 95 counties of Guangxi province of China currently registering 292 forest pest species. Field data acquisition and information transfer systems were established with four software licences that provided 15‐fold improvement compared to the systems currently used in China. Nine technical specifications were established including codes of forest districts, pest species and host tree species, and standard practices of forest pest monitoring and information management. Attributes can easily be searched using ArcGIS9.3 and/or the free QGIS2.16 software.

CONCLUSIONS

Small polygons with pest relevant attributes are a new tool of precision farming and detailed forest insect pest management that are technologically advanced. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
On the relative density of clouds
Authors: Jaramillo Alejandro , Mesa Oscar J.
Published: June 2017

A simple analysis of the relative density of clouds with respect to dry and/or moist air is presented using modern and standard definitions. The results are consistent with current knowledge in atmospheric science and offer justification to common inadvertent simplifications used in the scientific literature.
Event‐triggered probabilistic robust control of linear systems with input constrains: By scenario optimization approach
Authors: Yin Yanyan , Liu Yanqing , Teo Kok Lay , Wang Song
Published: June 2017

This paper addresses the problem of probabilistic robust stabilization for uncertain systems subject to input saturation. A new probabilistic solution framework for robust control analysis and synthesis problems is addressed by a scenario optimization approach, in which the uncertainties are not assumed to be norm bounded. Furthermore, by expressing the saturated linear feedback law on a convex hull of a group of auxiliary linear feedback laws, we establish conditions under which the closed‐loop system is probabilistic stable. Based on these conditions, the problem of designing the state feedback gains for achieving the largest size of the domain of attraction is formulated and solved as a constrained optimization problem with linear matrix inequality constraints. The results are then illustrated by a numerical example.
Direct Growth of High Mobility and Low‐Noise Lateral MoS2–Graphene Heterostructure Electronics
Authors: Behranginia Amirhossein , Yasaei Poya , Majee Arnab K. , Sangwan Vinod K. , Long Fei , Foss Cameron J. , Foroozan Tara , Fuladi Shadi , Hantehzadeh Mohammad Reza , Shahbazian‐Yassar Reza , Hersam Mark C. , Aksamija Zlatan , Salehi‐Khojin Amin
Published: June 2017

Reliable fabrication of lateral interfaces between conducting and semiconducting 2D materials is considered a major technological advancement for the next generation of highly packed all‐2D electronic circuitry. This study employs seed‐free consecutive chemical vapor deposition processes to synthesize high‐quality lateral MoS2–graphene heterostructures and comprehensively investigated their electronic properties through a combination of various experimental techniques and theoretical modeling. These results show that the MoS2–graphene devices exhibit an order of magnitude higher mobility and lower noise metrics compared to conventional MoS2–metal devices as a result of energy band rearrangement and smaller Schottky barrier height at the contacts. These findings suggest that MoS2–graphene in‐plane heterostructures are promising materials for the scale‐up of all‐2D circuitry with superlative electrical performance.
The automatic creation of OLAP cube using an MDA approach
Authors: Letrache Khadija , El Beggar Omar , Ramdani Mohammed
Published: June 2017

The Model‐Driven Architecture (MDA) is an approach that aligns modeling and automation for software development. By applying such an approach to data warehouse (DW) projects, we can minimize a great deal of time and cost. Furthermore, most of OnLine Analytical Processing (OLAP) platforms seem to be like black boxes that provide wizards only to business intelligence developers to create and manipulate OLAP objects without allowing their sustainability and migration from a platform to another. That is why many works in the literature have proposed using the MDA approach in DW projects. However, most of them have mainly focused on the generation of the DW relational model from the conceptual one, and they overlooked the OLAP model and the cube implementation.

To deal with this problem, we propose in this paper an MDA solution to automate the process of getting OLAP cube and its implementation through a set of metamodels and automatic transformations among them. In fact, the proposal generates the OLAP and DW relational models (PSMs) from the conceptual one, using also a PDM model that describes the target business intelligence platform. After that, the source code to create the cube is got from both PSM models. For this aim, we define a set of transformation rules implemented using the Atlas transformation language. Finally, a case study will be provided to validate our approach.
Effects of road construction noise on golden‐cheeked warblers: An update
Authors: Long Ashley M. , Colón Melanie R. , Bosman Jessica L. , Mcfarland Tiffany M. , Locatelli Anthony J. , Stewart Laura R. , Mathewson Heather A. , Newnam John C. , Morrison Michael L.
Published: June 2017

Previously, we reported results from an impact assessment that examined the effects of road construction noise on habitat selection and productivity of an endangered songbird, the golden‐cheeked warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia; warbler hereafter), in rural Texas, USA. We found no evidence that road construction or traffic noise negatively influenced warbler territory density, territory placement, pairing success, or fledging success during 3 years of road construction activities (2007–2009). In addition, warblers exhibited few acute responses to construction noise played at close range (2008–2009). Herein, we expanded on previous results to include an additional year of construction data (2010) and 3 years of post‐construction data (2011–2013) because birds may exhibit delayed responses to disturbance. We also examined the potential influence of road construction noise and activity on warbler song characteristics because birds may sing at higher minimum frequencies if loud noise masks their communication signals. Similar to previous findings, we found no evidence that road construction or traffic noise negatively influenced warblers in our rural study area. However, noise levels varied little across experimental and control study sites, with increasing distance from the road, or between the construction and post‐construction phases of our study. Warblers may respond negatively to louder noise or other disturbances that accompany construction activities (e.g., vibrations), but our comparisons across study sites, the results of our playback experiment, and data collected during concurrent studies in urban Texas and on military land suggest this is unlikely. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Isotopic analysis of epidermal mucus in freshwater fishes can reveal short‐time diet variations
Authors: Shigeta Kanji , Tsuma Shiori , Yonekura Ryuji , Kakamu Hiroto , Maruyama Atsushi
Published: June 2017

Although stable isotope analysis is a powerful tool for determining animal diets, migration patterns, and the structure of food webs in aquatic systems, the slow response of isotopic ratios in the traditionally used muscle tissue of fishes often hampers this approach. By analyzing tissues with more rapid isotopic change, this technique can be used over a finer time scale than traditional isotopic analyses. We conducted a diet‐switch experiment to compare changes in the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratio values (δ13C and δ15N, respectively) in epidermal mucus, fin and muscle tissues of three species of freshwater cyprinid fishes. The half‐life of the isotopic change ranged from 62 to 144 days in mucus, 57 to 202 days in fin, and 196 to 680 days in the muscle tissue. The isotope ratios in mucus changed more rapidly than those in muscle tissues in the three species examined, similarly to the previously studied three species (catfish, steelhead, freshwater goby), whereas fin showed relatively variable trends in isotopic change. Interspecific variation in the trophic discrimination factor (TDF) was particularly large in the δ13C values of fin tissue compared with those in the other two tissues. With generally rapid change and relatively invariable TDF, the use of epidermal mucus in isotope analysis instead of the widely used fin and muscle tissues is advantageous for studying short‐term changes in food habits of fishes and food web structures.
Oxidation of C18 Hydroxy‐Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to Epoxide or Ketone by Catalase‐Related Hemoproteins Activated with Iodosylbenzene
Authors: Teder Tarvi , Boeglin William E. , Brash Alan R.
Published: June 2017

Small catalase‐related hemoproteins with a facility to react with fatty acid hydroperoxides were examined for their potential mono‐oxygenase activity when activated using iodosylbenzene. The proteins tested were a Fusarium graminearum 41 kD catalase hemoprotein (Fg‐cat, gene FGSG_02217), a Pseudomonas fluorescens Pfl01 catalase (37.5 kD, accession number WP_011333788.1), and a Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis 33 kD catalase (gene MAP‐2744c). 13‐Hydroxy‐octadecenoic acids (which are normally unreactive) were selected as substrates because these enzymes react specifically with the corresponding 13S‐hydroperoxides (Pakhomova et al. 18:2559–2568, 5; Teder et al. 1862:706–715, 14). In the presence of iodosylbenzene Fg‐cat converted 13S‐hydroxy‐fatty acids to two products: the 15,16‐double bond of 13S‐hydroxy α‐linolenic acid was oxidized stereospecifically to the 15S,16R‐cis‐epoxide or the 13‐hydroxyl was oxidized to the 13‐ketone. Products were identified by UV, HPLC, LC–MS, NMR and by comparison with authentic standards prepared for this study. The Pfl01‐cat displayed similar activity. MAP‐2744c oxidized 13S‐hydroxy‐linoleic acid to the 13‐ketone, and epoxidized the double bonds to form the 9,10‐epoxy‐13‐hydroxy, 11,12‐epoxy‐13‐hydroxy, and 9,10‐epoxy‐13‐keto derivatives; equivalent transformations occurred with 9S‐hydroxy‐linoleic acid as substrate. In parallel incubations in the presence of iodosylbenzene, human catalase displayed no activity towards 13S‐hydroxy‐linoleic acid, as expected from the highly restricted access to its active site. The results indicated that with suitable transformation to Compound I, monooxygenase activity can be demonstrated by these catalase‐related hemoproteins with tyrosine as the proximal heme ligand.
Preclinical Biokinetic Modelling of Tc-99m Radiophamaceuticals Obtained from Semi-Automatic Image Processing
Authors: Cornejo-Aragón Luz G. , Santos-Cuevas Clara L. , Ocampo-García Blanca E. , Chairez-Oria Isaac , Diaz-Nieto Lorenza , García-Quiroz Janice
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was to develop a semi automatic image processing algorithm (AIPA) based on the simultaneous information provided by X-ray and radioisotopic images to determine the biokinetic models of Tc-99m radiopharmaceuticals from quantification of image radiation activity in murine models. These radioisotopic images were obtained by a CCD (charge couple device) camera coupled to an ultrathin phosphorous screen in a preclinical multimodal imaging system (Xtreme, Bruker). The AIPA consisted of different image processing methods for background, scattering and attenuation correction on the activity quantification. A set of parametric identification algorithms was used to obtain the biokinetic models that characterize the interaction between different tissues and the radiopharmaceuticals considered in the study. The set of biokinetic models corresponded to the Tc-99m biodistribution observed in different ex vivo studies. This fact confirmed the contribution of the semi-automatic image processing technique developed in this study.
Vectorial backstepping method–based trajectory tracking control for an under-actuated stratospheric airship
Authors: Liu S. Q. , Gong S. J. , Li Y. X. , Lu Z. R.
Published: June 2017

A new trajectory tracking control approach for an under-actuated stratospheric airship is proposed. There is a two-level structure of the proposed controller. A low-level controller based on non-linear vectorial backstepping method, with the rigid-body dynamics expressed on vector form, stabilises the attitude and velocity of the airship, while a high-level controller performs guidance and trajectory tracking task in the three-dimensional (3D) space. Furthermore, a control allocation module based on the active set algorithm is incorporated into the low-level controller to optimise the practical control inputs under constraints of actuator saturation. The closed-loop trajectory tracking control plant is proved to be globally exponentially stable through the Lyapunov theory. Finally, simulations show that the vectorial backstepping trajectory tracking controller can achieve desired tracking performances even if the airship is affected by parametric uncertainties and exogenous disturbances.
THE FULL TAILS GAMMA DISTRIBUTION APPLIED TO MODEL EXTREME VALUES
Authors: del Castillo Joan , Daoudi Jalila , Serra Isabel
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we introduce the simplest exponential dispersion model containing the Pareto and exponential distributions. In this way, we obtain distributions with support (0, ∞) that in a long interval are equivalent to the Pareto distribution; however, for very high values, decrease like the exponential. This model is useful for solving relevant problems that arise in the practical use of extreme value theory. The results are applied to two real examples, the first of these on the analysis of aggregate loss distributions associated to the quantitative modelling of operational risk. The second example shows that the new model improves adjustments to the destructive power of hurricanes, which are among the major causes of insurance losses worldwide.
The Nature of the Relationship Between Corporate Identity and Corporate Sustainability: Evidence from The Retail Industry
Authors: Simões Cláudia , Sebastiani Roberta
Published: June 2017

This article addresses the nature of the interface between corporate sustainability and corporate identity at both the strategic and instrumental levels. We developed an empirical qualitative study in two countries in Southern Europe addressing retailers who are actively engaged in pursuing corporate-sustainability strategies. Data sources include in-depth interviews, observations, and physical artifacts of identity (digital and printed documents). Findings reveal that, at a strategic level, corporate sustainability is embedded in corporate identity reflecting the company’s strategy. Companies also instrumentally use corporate identity to operationalize corporate sustainability strategies. Organizations show different patterns in the way they bridge corporate sustainability and identity. The contributions of this article are threefold: it reports the symbiotic relationship between corporate sustainability and corporate identity; it scrutinizes how corporate sustainability and corporate identity are integrated at the strategic and operational levels; and it establishes distinct patterns at the interface of corporate sustainability and corporate identity.
Non-deliberative politics in deliberative democracy: distinct approaches for different actors
Authors: Felicetti Andrea
Published: June 2017

This article advances one of the most important debates in recent scholarship on democratic theory: the one on deliberative systems. In the wake of the systemic turn deliberative scholars agree that not all components of a deliberative system can or even need to be deliberative. However, there is little clarity about the role of non-deliberative politics in a system and to what extent these are justifiable while we seek a more deliberative society. In this paper I first illustrate the main ideas of the systemic turn, explore the distinction between ‘deliberative’ and ‘non-deliberative’ politics and investigate the main arguments justifying non-deliberative politics. Then, I build upon these arguments to shed new light on the relationship between deliberative and non-deliberative politics. I identify three distinctive actors in deliberative systems (political institutions, empowered agents, and public space actors). Finally, I argue that deliberative democrats should adopt three different approaches (intensive, moderate, and free) in order to assess whether the use of non-deliberative politics by each of these actors is legitimate.
ω-STABILITY AND MORLEY RANK OF BILINEAR MAPS, RINGS AND NILPOTENT GROUPS
Authors: MYASNIKOV ALEXEI G. , SOHRABI MAHMOOD
Published: June 2017

In this paper we study the algebraic structure ofω-stable bilinear maps, arbitrary rings, and nilpotent groups. We will also provide rather complete structure theorems for the above structures in the finite Morley rank case.
A CO-ANALYTIC COHEN-INDESTRUCTIBLE MAXIMAL COFINITARY GROUP
Authors: FISCHER VERA , SCHRITTESSER DAVID , TÖRNQUIST ASGER
Published: June 2017

Assuming that every set is constructible, we find a${\text{\Pi }}_1^1 $maximal cofinitary group of permutations of$\mathbb{N}$which is indestructible by Cohen forcing. Thus we show that the existence of such groups is consistent with arbitrarily large continuum. Our method also gives a new proof, inspired by the forcing method, of Kastermans’ result that there exists a${\text{\Pi }}_1^1 $maximal cofinitary group inL.
Dietaryl-tryptophan leaves a lasting impression on the brain and the stress response
Authors: Höglund Erik , Øverli Øyvind , Andersson Madelene Å. , Silva Patricia , Laursen Danielle Caroline , Moltesen Maria M. , Krogdahl Åshild , Schjolden Joachim , Winberg Svante , Vindas Marco A. , Mayer Ian , Hillestad Marie
Published: June 2017

Comparative models suggest that effects of dietary tryptophan (Trp) on brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) neurochemistry and stress responsiveness are present throughout the vertebrate lineage. Moreover, hypothalamic 5-HT seems to play a central role in control of the neuroendocrine stress axis in all vertebrates. Still, recent fish studies suggest long-term effects of dietary Trp on stress responsiveness, which are independent of hypothalamic 5-HT. Here, we investigated if dietary Trp treatment may result in long-lasting effects on stress responsiveness, including changes in plasma cortisol levels and 5-HT neurochemistry in the telencephalon and hypothalamus of Atlantic salmon. Fish were fed diets containing one, two or three times the Trp content in normal feed for 1 week. Subsequently, fish were reintroduced to control feed and were exposed to acute crowding stress for 1 h, 8 and 21 d post Trp treatment. Generally, acute crowding resulted in lower plasma cortisol levels in fish treated with 3×Trp compared with 1×Trp- and 2×Trp-treated fish. The same general pattern was reflected in telencephalic 5-HTergic turnover, for which 3×Trp-treated fish showed decreased values compared with 2×Trp-treated fish. These long-term effects on post-stress plasma cortisol levels and concomitant 5-HT turnover in the telencephalon lends further support to the fact that the extrahypothalamic control of the neuroendocrine stress response is conserved within the vertebrate lineage. Moreover, they indicate that trophic/structural effects in the brain underlie the effects of dietary Trp treatment on stress reactivity.
ASSESSING NITROGEN NUTRITIONAL STATUS, BIOMASS AND YIELD OF COTTON WITH NDVI, SPAD AND PETIOLE SAP NITRATE CONCENTRATION
Authors: ZHOU GUISU , YIN XINHUA
Published: June 2017

Canopy normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil plant analysis development (SPAD) reading and petiole sap NO3−‒N concentration are increasingly used as quick and non-destructive methods to monitor plant N nutrition and growth status and predict yield of crops. However, little information is available on the comparisons of these three methods in assessing N nutrition, growth and yield for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Four N rates (0, 34, 67 and 101 kg N ha−1) under two cover conditions [no cover crop and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) crop] in a 33-year long-term field trial were used to evaluate how canopy NDVI, SPAD reading (related to chlorophyll content) and petiole sap NO3−‒N concentration (conventional method) are able to assess N nutrition and plant biomass and predict yield for cotton. Canopy NDVI and SPAD readings responded less sensitively to N rates than petiole sap NO3−‒N. The responses of NDVI and SPAD reading to N rates were generally reduced due to the winter cover crop with hairy vetch. Significant and positive correlations existed mostly among NDVI, SPAD reading, and petiole sap NO3−‒N concentration. Canopy NDVI during mid-bloom to late bloom and SPAD reading during early bloom to late bloom were effective alternative methods for assessing cotton N nutrition status. The SPAD reading at late bloom was an effective parameter to estimate cotton biomass. The NDVI at early square and SPAD reading during early square to mid-bloom were effective for cotton yield prediction.
Symptoms of depression in a large healthy population cohort are related to subjective memory complaints and memory performance in negative contexts
Authors: Schweizer S. , Kievit R. A. , Emery T. ,   Cam-CAN, Henson R. N.
Published: June 2017

Background

Decades of research have investigated the impact of clinical depression on memory, which has revealed biases and in some cases impairments. However, little is understood about the effects of subclinical symptoms of depression on memory performance in the general population.

Methods

Here we report the effects of symptoms of depression on memory problems in a large population-derived cohort (N= 2544), 87% of whom reported at least one symptom of depression. Specifically, we investigate the impact of depressive symptoms on subjective memory complaints, objective memory performance on a standard neuropsychological task and, in a subsample (n= 288), objective memory in affective contexts.

Results

There was a dissociation between subjective and objective memory performance, with depressive symptoms showing a robust relationship with self-reports of memory complaints, even after adjusting for age, sex, general cognitive ability and symptoms of anxiety, but not with performance on the standardised measure of verbal memory. Contrary to our expectations, hippocampal volume (assessed in a subsample,n= 592) did not account for significant variance in subjective memory, objective memory or depressive symptoms. Nonetheless, depressive symptoms were related to poorer memory for pictures presented in negative contexts, even after adjusting for memory for pictures in neutral contexts.

Conclusions

Thus the symptoms of depression, associated with subjective memory complaints, appear better assessed by memory performance in affective contexts, rather than standardised memory measures. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the impact of depressive symptoms on memory functioning in the general population.
Post-traumatic stress disorder associated with sexual assault among women in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
Authors: Scott K. M. , Koenen K. C. , King A. , Petukhova M. V. , Alonso J. , Bromet E. J. , Bruffaerts R. , Bunting B. , de Jonge P. , Haro J. M. , Karam E. G. , Lee S. , Medina-Mora M. E. , Navarro-Mateu F. , Sampson N. A. , Shahly V. , Stein D. J. , Torres Y. , Zaslavsky A. M. , Kessler R. C.
Published: June 2017

Background

Sexual assault is a global concern with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), one of the common sequelae. Early intervention can help prevent PTSD, making identification of those at high risk for the disorder a priority. Lack of representative sampling of both sexual assault survivors and sexual assaults in prior studies might have reduced the ability to develop accurate prediction models for early identification of high-risk sexual assault survivors.

Methods

Data come from 12 face-to-face, cross-sectional surveys of community-dwelling adults conducted in 11 countries. Analysis was based on the data from the 411 women from these surveys for whom sexual assault was the randomly selected lifetime traumatic event (TE). Seven classes of predictors were assessed: socio-demographics, characteristics of the assault, the respondent's retrospective perception that she could have prevented the assault, other prior lifetime TEs, exposure to childhood family adversities and prior mental disorders.

Results

Prevalence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) PTSD associated with randomly selected sexual assaults was 20.2%. PTSD was more common for repeated than single-occurrence victimization and positively associated with prior TEs and childhood adversities. Respondent's perception that she could have prevented the assault interacted with history of mental disorder such that it reduced odds of PTSD, but only among women without prior disorders (odds ratio 0.2, 95% confidence interval 0.1–0.9). The final model estimated that 40.3% of women with PTSD would be found among the 10% with the highest predicted risk.

Conclusions

Whether counterfactual preventability cognitions are adaptive may depend on mental health history. Predictive modelling may be useful in targeting high-risk women for preventive interventions.
The politics of Flamenco: La leyenda del tiempo and ideology
Authors: Casellas Jesús López-Peláez
Published: June 2017

Flamenco music has consistently been misrepresented as an exclusively aesthetic construct only concerned with the transmission of essential and timeless values and with the production of beauty. This insidious mystification is a consequence of the influence that several decades of nacionalcatolicismo (the ideological construction of Franco's Spain) has had over flamenco, together with its obscure and unclear origins, about three centuries ago. This paper will suggest that, against this commonly held belief, flamenco music frequently has a political agenda, which may be explicitly expressed in the lyrics of the cantes, or implicitly apparent in the formal and ideological structure of flamenco itself and its recordings. Camarón and Pachón's seminal La leyenda del tiempo (Polygram, 1979) will be explored both in its own right as one of the peaks of contemporary (new) flamenco and also as a clear showcase of how flamenco may be politicized in various ways and serve a clearly ideological purpose without neglecting its musical and aesthetic role.
Beyond the playlist: commercial radio as music culture
Authors: Uimonen Heikki
Published: June 2017

This article presents the historical transformation of Finnish commercial radio popular music policies from 1985 to 2005 and contemplates the role of terrestrial radio in contemporary digital age. It argues that a sender-centred paradigm of early commercial radio was replaced swiftly by receiver-centred paradigm, which has been applied since the early 1990s. The change of radio music cultures is described in detail by dividing it into three different eras:Block Radio, Format RadioandMedia Convergence. The study draws on the research project consisting of case studies analysing the music content of various radio stations. The primary empirical data is composed of 32 interviews of radio personnel and the analysis of 4,500 individual songs broadcast by popular music radio stations with newspaper and journal articles supporting the primary data. Radio music culture is approached theoretically from the ethnomusicological perspective and thus defined as all practices that have an effect on broadcast music, including the processes of acquiring, selecting and governing music. The empirical results of the study show that the transformation of radio music cultures is affected by economic, technological, legal, organisational and cultural factors.
ONLINE AND OFFLINE EFFECTS OF L1 PRACTICE IN L2 GRAMMAR LEARNING
Authors: McManus Kevin , Marsden Emma
Published: June 2017

This study partially replicates McManus and Marsden (2017), who found that providing L1 explicit information (EI) plus task-essential practice led L2 learners to make more accurate and faster interpretations of French morphosyntax. The current study removed the original study’s L1 EI component to examine the role of the L1 practice. This design tested whether providing L1 task-essential practice only (alongside a core treatment of L2 EI plus L2 practice) resulted in similar online and offline learning gains compared to the original study’s L1 EI plus L1 practice. We used the same online and offline tests, with a similar population of English-speaking learners of L2 French (n = 19). For accuracy and speed of online and offline L2 processing, the findings suggest that additional L1 practice without L1 EI was no more beneficial than L2 EI plus L2 practice alone, indicating that the original study’s combination of additional L1 EI with L1 practice appeared to contribute to previously observed learning benefits.
Preoperative malnutrition is associated with increased mortality and adverse outcomes after paediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Ross Faith , Latham Gregory , Joffe Denise , Richards Michael , Geiduschek Jeremy , Eisses Michael , Thompson Douglas , Radman Monique
Published: June 2017

Background

Malnutrition is common in children with CHD and is likely to place them at an increased risk for adverse surgical outcomes. We sought to evaluate the impact of preoperative malnutrition on outcomes after paediatric cardiac surgery.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients from age 0 to 5 years undergoing cardiac surgery at Seattle Children’s Hospital from 2006 to 2015. We used regression modelling to examine the impact of malnutrition on surgical outcomes.

Results

We found a non-linear relationship between low height-for-age and weight-for-age z-scores and mortality after surgery. In the range of z-score ⩽−2, each additional unit decrease in height-for-age or weight-for-age z-score was associated with a 2.9 or 2.1% increased risk for mortality, respectively. Each unit decrease in height-for-age z-score was associated with a 1.2% increased risk for cardiac arrest, 1.1% increased risk for infection, and an average of 1.7 additional hours of mechanical ventilation, 6 hours longer ICU stay, and 13 hours longer hospital stay. Each unit decrease in weight-for-age z-score was associated with a 0.7% increased risk for cardiac arrest, 0.8% increased risk for infection, and an average of 1.9 additional hours of mechanical ventilation and 5.3 additional hours of ICU stay.

Conclusions

This study is unique in demonstrating a significant association between malnutrition and 30-day mortality and other adverse outcomes after paediatric cardiac surgery in a mixed population of CHD patients. By evaluating nutritional status as a continuous variable, we were able to clearly distinguish the point at which malnutrition begins to affect mortality.
KEYNES, ANIMAL SPIRITS, AND INSTINCT: REASON PLUS INTUITION IS BETTER THAN RATIONAL
Authors: Barnett Vincent
Published: June 2017

This article investigates John Maynard Keynes’s understanding and use of the concept of ‘animal spirits’ by tracing how he conceived of related ideas such as human nature, instinct, and intuition, and how they connect to the rational economic agent usually assumed by mainstream economic theory. It also considers the notion of Money-of-Account as proposed inA Treatise on Moneyin relation to the concept of reciprocal altruism as developed in the field of evolutionary biology, and documents Keynes’s knowledge of Charles Darwin on natural selection and sexual selection. It then uses these threads of analysis to evaluate how Keynes conceived of mental reasoning processes more widely, and deduces his own answer to the question of whether the human mind is formed as a ‘blank slate.’ It concludes by suggesting that Keynes should be regarded as one of the first contributors to the field of evolutionary economic psychology.
The Effectiveness of Enhanced Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT-E): A Naturalistic Study within an Out-Patient Eating Disorder Service
Authors: Signorini Rachel , Sheffield Jeanie , Rhodes Natalie , Fleming Carmel , Ward Warren
Published: June 2017

Background:The effectiveness of enhanced cognitive behavioural Therapy (CBT-E) for adults with a range of eating disorder presentations within routine clinical settings has been examined in only two known published studies, neither of which included a follow-up assessment period.Aim:The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of CBT-E within an out-patient eating disorder service in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, and incorporated a follow-up assessment period of approximately 20 weeks post-treatment.Method:The study involved 114 adult females with a diagnosed eating disorder, who attended an average of 20–40 individual CBT-E sessions with a psychologist or a psychiatry registrar between 2009 and 2013.Results:Of those who began treatment, 50% did not complete treatment, and the presence of psychosocial and environmental problems predicted drop-out. Amongst treatment completers, statistically and clinically significant improvements in eating disorder and general psychopathology were observed at post-treatment, which were generally maintained at the 20-week follow-up. Statistically significant improvements in eating disorder and general psychopathology were observed amongst the total sample.Conclusions:The findings, which were comparable to the previous Australian effectiveness study of CBT-E, indicate that CBT-E is an effective treatment for adults with all eating disorders within out-patient settings. Given the high attrition rate, however, minimizing drop-out appears to be an important consideration when implementing CBT-E within clinical settings.
Involvement of the Left Supramarginal Gyrus in Manipulation Judgment Tasks: Contributions to Theories of Tool Use
Authors: Lesourd Mathieu , Osiurak François , Navarro Jordan , Reynaud Emanuelle
Published: June 2017

Objectives: Two theories of tool use, namely the gesture engram and the technical reasoning theories, make distinct predictions about the involvement of the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL) in manipulation judgement tasks. The objective here is to test these alternative predictions based on previous studies on manipulation judgment tasks using transcranial magnetic stimulations (TMS) targeting the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG). Methods: We review recent TMS studies on manipulation judgement tasks and confront these data with predictions made by both tool use theories. Results: The left SMG is a highly intertwined region, organized following several functionally distinct areas and TMS may have disrupted a cortical network involved in the ability to use tools rather than only one functional area supporting manipulation knowledge. Moreover, manipulation judgement tasks may be impaired following virtual lesions outside the IPL. Conclusions: These data are more in line with the technical reasoning hypothesis, which assumes that the left IPL does not store manipulation knowledge per se. (JINS, 2017, 23, 685–691)
(Psycho-)Stimulanzien in Psychopharmakotherapie und pharmakologischem Neuroenhancement und ihre suchtmedizinischen Implikationen
Authors: Soyka Michael , Franke Andreas G.
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung. Zielsetzung: Ziel des Artikels ist es, dem Leser eine Übersicht über die Wirkungen und die Verbreitung von (Psycho-)Stimulanzien zur Verbesserung kognitiver Funktionen bei Gesunden (pharmakologisches kognitives Neuroenhancement [PCE]) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung suchtmedizinischer Aspekte zu geben. Methodik: Systematische Literaturrecherche via PubMed nach Psychostimulanzien („stimulants“), die zur geistigen Leistungssteigerung („cognitive enhancement“) eingesetzt werden, und Literaturrecherche in aktuellen Büchern aus dem Bereich Sucht. Ergebnisse: Nach heutigem Kenntnisstand spielt die Gruppe der (Psycho-)Stimulanzien die zentrale Rolle beim Phänomen des PCE. Hierzu zählen sowohl die frei verkäuflichen Methylxanthine wie Koffein aber auch illegale bzw. verschreibungspflichtige Amphetamine und deren Derivate wie Methylphenidat, die zum PCE missbraucht werden. Gleichermaßen werden die verschreibungspflichtigen Substanzen dieser Gruppe aber auch gemäß ihrer Indikation psychopharmakotherapeutisch angewendet. Dabei liegt das Ziel der Psychopharmakotherapie in der Verbesserung der vorliegenden Symptome und im Bezug zu krankheitsbedingten kognitiven Einbußen in der Wiederherstellung des krankheitsbedingt verloren gegangenen kognitiven Funktionsniveaus mit einem für die jeweilige psychische Erkrankung indizierten Medikament. Ziel des PCE ist hingegen die Verbesserung der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit verschiedener kognitiver Domänen wie z. B. Vigilanz, Konzentration und Gedächtnis über ein „normales Maß“ hinaus. Schlussfolgerung: Der Artikel zeigt die Überschneidung der (Psycho-)Stimulanzien zur Pharmakotherapie und zum PCE und verdeutlicht insbesondere das Suchtrisiko bei Kranken und Gesunden.
Behavioral Treatment for Aerophagia in a Typically Developing 3-Year-Old
Authors: Murphy Lexa K. , Thomsen Kelly F. , McLaughlin F. Joseph
Published: June 2017

Aerophagia is a functional gastrointestinal disorder involving swallowing excessive air, which is associated with gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and interference with dietary intake most commonly diagnosed among individuals with intellectual disabilities. Aerophagia is less common in typically developing children with gastrointestinal complaints and there is little previous research on successful behavioral interventions with this population. This case report illustrates an integrated behavioral approach to treating aerophagia in a typically developing 3-year-old with aerophagia that involved swallowing of emergent eructation. The family initially presented to an outpatient pediatric gastroenterology clinic. After diagnosis, the pediatric gastroenterologist referred the family to the integrated pediatric psychology service for behavioral intervention. Intake and intervention were brief, occurring over 3 outpatient sessions. Intervention included psychoeducation, selection of alternative behaviors incompatible with air swallowing, parental modeling, and systematic reinforcement. These procedures were feasible and acceptable for the family and referring provider and resulted in symptom remittance after 3 sessions, maintained at 6-month follow-up.
Interleukin 33 exacerbates antigen driven airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and remodeling in a mouse model of asthma
Authors: Sjöberg L. C. , Nilsson A. Zoltowska , Lei Y. , Gregory J. A. , Adner M. , Nilsson G. P.
Published: June 2017

Interleukin 33 (IL-33) represents a potential link between the airway epithelium and induction of Th2-type inflammatory responses associated with the development of asthma. This study investigated the potential of IL-33 to exacerbate antigen driven asthma responses. An ovalbumin (OVA) asthma model was used in which sensitized C57BL/6 mice were exposed to IL-33 before each OVA challenge. IL-33 given to sensitized mice acted synergistically with antigen and aggravated airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness and remodeling compared with mice that were only OVA sensitized and challenged and mice that were only exposed to IL-33. Elevated levels of local and systemic mast cell protease mMCP-1, as well as antigen-specific IgE production, were observed following IL-33 administration to sensitized mice. Similarly, exposing OVA-sensitized mice to IL-33 increased the Th2 cytokine levels, including IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. Furthermore, IL-33 and OVA administration to OVA-sensitized mice increased ILC2s in the lung, suggesting a role for ILC2s in IL-33-mediated exacerbation of OVA-induced airway responses. Collectively, these findings show that IL-33 aggravates important features of antigen-driven asthma, which may have implications for asthma exacerbations.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of genes involved in carotenoid metabolic in three stages of grapevine fruit development
Authors: Leng Xiangpeng , Wang Peipei , Wang Chen , Zhu Xudong , Li Xiaopeng , Li Hongyan , Mu Qian , Li Ao , Liu Zhongjie , Fang Jinggui
Published: June 2017

Carotenoids not only play indispensable roles in plant growth and development but also enhance nutritional value and health benefits for humans. In this study, total carotenoids progressively decreased during fruit ripening. Fifty-four genes involving in mevalonate (MVA), 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP), carotenoid biosynthesis and catabolism pathway were identified. The expression levels of most of the carotenoid metabolism related genes kept changing during fruit ripening generating a metabolic flux toward carotenoid synthesis. Down regulation of VvDXS, VvDXR, VvGGPPS and VvPSY and a dramatic increase in the transcription levels of VvCCD might be responsible for the reduction of carotenoids content. The visible correlation between carotenoid content and gene expression profiles suggested that transcriptional regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis pathway genes is a key mechanism of carotenoid accumulation. In addition, the decline of carotenoids was also accompanied with the reduction of chlorophyll content. The reduction of chlorophyll content might be due to the obstruction in chlorophyll synthesis and acceleration of chlorophyll degradation. These results will be helpful for better understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis in grapevine fruit and contribute to the development of conventional and transgenic grapevine cultivars for further enrichment of carotenoid content.
Aberrant activation of the human sex-determining gene in early embryonic development results in postnatal growth retardation and lethality in mice
Authors: Kido Tatsuo , Sun Zhaoyu , Lau Yun-Fai Chris
Published: June 2017

Sexual dimorphisms are prevalent in development, physiology and diseases in humans. Currently, the contributions of the genes on the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) in these processes are uncertain. Using a transgene activation system, the human sex-determining gene hSRY is activated in the single-cell embryos of the mouse. Pups with hSRY activated (hSRYON) are born of similar sizes as those of non-activated controls. However, they retard significantly in postnatal growth and development and all die of multi-organ failure before two weeks of age. Pathological and molecular analyses indicate that hSRYON pups lack innate suckling activities, and develop fatty liver disease, arrested alveologenesis in the lung, impaired neurogenesis in the brain and occasional myocardial fibrosis and minimized thymus development. Transcriptome analysis shows that, in addition to those unique to the respective organs, various cell growth and survival pathways and functions are differentially affected in the transgenic mice. These observations suggest that ectopic activation of a Y-located SRY gene could exert male-specific effects in development and physiology of multiple organs, thereby contributing to sexual dimorphisms in normal biological functions and disease processes in affected individuals.