bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case Report of a Subdural Hematoma following Spinal Epidural prior to a Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Carlson Brian J. , Deckey David G. , Clarke Henry D. , Bingham Joshua S.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. This case report adds to current literature on management of a subdural hematoma following total knee arthroplasty and is particularly important as joint replacement moves into outpatient surgery centers where the orthopedic surgery team becomes the sole patient contact point. Case Presentation. A 66-year-old male presented to the emergency department five days after elective robotic-assisted left total knee arthroplasty performed with spinal epidural with the symptoms of a persistent nonpostural headache. CT of the head revealed a small bifrontal acute subdural hematoma. He was admitted for overnight monitoring as a precaution. No vascular abnormalities or underlying pathology was found on further advanced imaging. He was discharged the following morning after follow-up CT showed no focal changes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) one month later confirmed resolution of the subdural hematoma. Conclusion. Orthopedic surgeons should be aware of the signs and symptoms, as well as the risk factors for subdural hematomas following lumbar puncture, as it is a rare, but potentially life-threatening complication of spinal epidural.
Efficacy of Red Cell Salvage Systems in Open Acetabular Surgery
Authors: MacDonald S. , Byrd C. , Barlow E. , Nahar V. K. , Martin J. , Krenk D.
Published: June 2022

Over the past 50 years, treatment of displaced acetabular fractures has moved away from conservative treatment with bedrest to operative intervention to achieve anatomic reduction, stable fixation, and allow early range of motion of the hip. However, operative fixation is not without complications. Internal fixation of traumatic acetabular fractures has been coupled with large volume of blood loss both at the time of injury and surgery. This often results in the need for allogenic blood products, which has been linked to increase morbidity (Vamvakas and Blajchman, 2009). In an attempt to avoid the risk associated with allogenic blood transfusion numerous techniques and methods have been devised. Red blood cell salvage (CS) is an intraoperative blood salvage tool where blood is harvested from the operative field. It is washed to remove the plasma, white blood cells, and platelets. The red cells are resuspended in a crystalloid solution. If the hematocrit of the resuspended red blood cells is sufficient, it is transfused to the patient intravenously. The benefits of CS in major spine surgery, bilateral knee replacement, and revision hip surgery are well established (Goulet et al. 1989, Gee et al. 2011, Canan et al. 2013). However, literature reviewing the use of cell saver in orthopedic trauma surgery, specifically acetabular surgery is limited. Our institute performed a retrospective review of 63 consecutive operative acetabular fractures at a level one trauma center. Our study revealed that patients with blood loss of less than 400 mL were 13 times less likely to receive autologous blood, and patients with hemoglobin less than 10.5 were 5 times less likely to receive autologous transfusion (

p
<
0.05

). We also found that no patients with a hemoglobin level less than 10.5 and EBL less than 400 mL received autologous blood return. Autologous blood transfusion had no effect on volume or rate of allogenic blood transfusion. We believed that if a patient’s preoperative hemoglobin is less than 10.5 or expected blood loss is less than 400 mL, then CS should have a very limited role, if any, in the preoperative blood conservation strategy. We found ASA greater than 2, BMI greater than 24 and associated fracture type to be a risk factor for high blood loss.
Emulsion Droplet Pair Coalescence under a Direct Current Electric Field
Authors: Abbasi Muhammad Salman , Ali Husnain , Kazim Ali Hussain , Chaudhary Tariq Nawaz , Usman Muhammad , Afzaal Sheraz , Usman Muhammad , Abalo Douhadji
Published: June 2022

We investigate the dynamics of the droplet pair coalescence and its stability under a direct current (DC) electric field strength by using simulation and theoretical analyses. We conduct a parametric study to investigate the effects of electric capillary number (

C

a

e

=

ε

o

ε

out

E
o
2

R

o

/
γ

, the ratio of the electrical Maxwell stress to interfacial capillary stress), droplet size ratios (R/Ro, where R and Ro are the radii of the coalescing drops, respectively), and the droplet interfacial separation distance (S) on the coalescence process. We show that unequal-sized droplets undergo unique dynamics owing to the generation of velocity gradient between the coalescing droplets. Moreover, using theoretical analysis, we delineate the stable and unstable regimes of a coalesced droplet under an electric field. Results show that if the semimajor axis of the coalesced droplet becomes greater than 1.5 times, it continuously stretches and becomes unstable. We believe that the study will be useful for essential physical insights pertaining to the coalescence process and valuable for their applications in various areas of biological engineering, chemical sciences, material sciences, and lab on a chip.
A New Continuous Input Current Nonisolated Bidirectional Interleaved Buck-Boost DC-DC Converter
Authors: Babazadeh Yaser , Sabahi Mehran , Babaei Ebrahim , Kai Sun
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a new interleaved bidirectional buck-boost DC-DC converter is proposed. The input current of this converter is continuous and has a low ripple, that cause reduction in the size of the input filter of the converter. Because of these features, this converter is appropriate for renewable applications such as fuel cells and photovoltaic (PV) panels for obtaining maximum power in which the continuity of the input current is essential. The operation principle of this converter is detailed, and its power losses calculation shows the positive effects of the low input current ripple on its efficiency. The input current ripple of the proposed converter and conventional interleaved buck-boost converter has been calculated in detail. In addition, the comparison results of this converter with conventional interleaved buck-boost converters and other similar structures confirm that the proposed converter without utilizing extra components achieves continuous input current with low ripple. Compared with other buck-boost structures, the low input current ripple in the presented converter causes an improvement in its efficiency. An experimental prototype is implemented in the laboratory to confirm the correctness of theoretical analyses.
Construction of English and American Literature Corpus Based on Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Dai Qian
Published: June 2022

In China, the application of corpus in language teaching, especially in English and American literature teaching, is still in the preliminary research stage, and there are various shortcomings, which have not been paid due attention by front-line educators. Constructing English and American literature corpus according to certain principles can effectively promote English and American literature teaching. The research of this paper is devoted to how to automatically build a corpus of English and American literature. In the process of keyword extraction, key phrases and keywords are effectively combined. The similarity between atomic events is calculated by the TextRank algorithm, and then the first N sentences with high similarity are selected and sorted. Based on ML (machine learning) text classification method, a combined classifier based on SVM (support vector machine) and NB (Naive Bayes) is proposed. The experimental results show that, from the point of view of accuracy and recall, the classification effect of the combined algorithm proposed in this paper is the best among the three methods. The best classification results of accuracy, recall, and F value are 0.87, 0.9, and 0.89, respectively. Experimental results show that this method can quickly, accurately, and persistently obtain high-quality bilingual mixed web pages.
Research on University Information Management Based on Nonlinear Matrix Organizational Structure
Authors: Shi Ying
Published: June 2022

The construction of data and automation in the field of teaching materials management in colleges and universities is an important part of teaching management in colleges and universities, and it is also a specific and heavy task. Therefore, improving the function of the college textbook management system and giving full play to the informatization service role of the college information management system are of great significance to improve the management efficiency of college textbooks and the quality of college teaching management. The research done still needs to be further deepened and still needs to be gradually improved in many aspects. For example, in order to make the application of the decision-making method proposed in this paper more convenient, it is necessary to further develop the supporting decision-making analysis software, which are practical problems that need to be improved and solved in the future. Aiming at the problems of traditional college textbook management mode, such as large manual workload, low work efficiency, unsound query and statistical functions, and postreview perimeter, this paper studies and designs a set of college information management system based on nonlinear matrix organizational structure. Based on the comprehensive integration methodology of nonlinear complex system theory, reductionism, and holism, this paper innovatively proposes a new analysis structure for complex problem evaluation and a value system for solution evaluation. The non-linear ANP decision-making method (collectively referred to as the new method) is proposed in this study. The new method judges the system state layer by layer from bottom to top based on the hierarchical overall judgment thinking, effectively revealing the behavior characteristics such as the emergence and mutation of complex systems. Compared with the traditional ANP decision-making method, the new method is more scientific and reliable than the traditional ANP decision-making method. This paper designs and develops a college information management system based on nonlinear matrix. Through the implementation test, it can be found that the system is helpful to improve the management level of college textbooks, reduce the irrelevant workload in the management of textbooks, and use data management for the decision-making of college textbooks.
Packing a Punch against PD-L1
Authors: Capparelli Claudia , Aplin Andrew E.
Published: June 2022

Antibodies targeting immune checkpoints have made major advances in cancer therapy, but their use can be limited by immune-related adverse effects. The introduction of small-molecule immune-checkpoint inhibitors represents an alternative to improve the current antibody-based immune therapies.

See related article by Koblish et al., p. 1482 (3).
REFLECTions on Combination Therapies Empowered by Data Sharing
Authors: Pugh Trevor J. , Haibe-Kains Benjamin
Published: June 2022

Li and colleagues present REFLECT, a computational approach to precision oncology that nominates effective drug combinations by utilizing a diverse compendium of publicly available preclinical and clinical genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data. The preliminary validation of the REFLECT system in preclinical and clinical trial settings showcases potential for clinical implementation, although challenges remain.

See related article by Li et al., p. 1542 (4).
Metaplastic Breast Cancer: Mesenchymal Subtype Has Worse Survival Outcomes
Authors: Özkurt Enver , Emiroğlu Selman , Cabioğlu Neslihan , Karanlık Hasan , Önder Semen , Tükenmez Mustafa , İğci Abdullah , Özmen Vahit , Müslümanoğlu Mahmut
Published: June 2022

Background: Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare type of breast cancer that accounts for 0.2–1% of all breast cancers. To date, there are only few institutional studies comparing survival rates between different subtypes. In this retrospective cohort study, we aim to evaluate factors effecting survival rates of different subtypes of MBC. Methods: This retrospective cohort study observed 118 nonmetastatic MBC patient records extracted from 15,244 breast cancer cases between December 2000 and December 2020. In order to analyze factors effecting survival rates of mesenchymal subtype of MBC, all cases are classified as mesenchymal (n = 45) and other (n = 48). Twenty-five cases could not be sub-classified due to the missing data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to define factors associated with survival rates. Results: Of the 15,244 cases, 118 (0.8%) were nonmetastatic MBC. 105 were triple negative and 12 were nonluminal HER2. There was no significant difference between mesenchymal and other subgroups for age, median tumor size, AJCC staging, and type of surgery. Of the five local recurrences with known subgroup, four of them had mesenchymal subtype. It is demonstrated that mesenchymal subtype was significantly associated with worse 5-year disease-free survival and disease-specific survival (HR: 2.35 [1.01–5.48], p = 0.049, and HR: 3.16 [1.06–9.47], p = 0.040 with 95% CI, respectively). Conclusion: This study is one of the few studies presenting the survival outcomes of subtypes of MBCs. Nonetheless, it is the only study demonstrating that mesenchymal subtype had worse survival outcomes. Further studies are needed to determine the outcome of different subtypes of MBCs.
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal as a marker of the oxidative stress in brains of dogs with canine distemper
Authors: Viscone Érica Almeida , Oliveira Lígia Assunção , Pereira Alexandra Ariadine Bittencourt Gonçalves , Castro Márcio Botelho , Brandão Paulo Eduardo , Taniwaki Sueli Akemi , Hora Aline Santana da , Bandarra Márcio de Barros
Published: June 2022

Canine Distemper is a disease caused by Canine morbillivirus (CM), a pantropic virus that can affect the central nervous system (CNS), causing demyelination. However, the pathogenesis of this lesion remains to be clarified. Brain samples of 14 naturally infected dogs by CM were analyzed to evaluate the presence of oxidative stress and demyelination. RT-PCR assay was performed to confirm a diagnosis of canine distemper in the brain, immunohistochemistry anti-CM was used to localize the viral proteins in the tissue, and anti-4-hydroxy-2 nonenal (4-HNE) was a marker of a product of lipid peroxidation. The results showed the presence of viral proteins in the demyelinated area with the presence of 4-HNE. Our results suggest that the CM virus infection causes oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation, which causes tissue damage and demyelination. In conclusion, oxidative stress plays a significant role in canine distemper pathogenesis in the CNS.
Estudo da dinâmica de um glider - 'planador' submarino para monitoração oceanográfica
Authors: Feitosa Bruno de Barros
Published: June 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo explorar a construção de um modelo computacional para a representação da dinâmica de um planador submarino, através do software Orcaflex. Através dos resultados obtidos, é discutida a validade do modelo e suas vantagens e limitações como ferramenta para desenvolvimento de projeto de gliders.
Predictors of Decompressive Hemicraniectomy in Successfully Recanalized Patients With Anterior Circulation Emergency Large‐Vessel Occlusion
Authors: Heiferman Daniel M. , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Singh Savdeep , Alsbrook Diana , Zaid Ghaida , Gachechiladze Leila , Krishnaiah Balaji , Inoa‐Acosta Violiza , Khan Nickalus , Nickele Christopher M. , Hoit Daniel A. , Alexandrov Andrei V. , Elijovich Lucas , Arthur Adam S. , Goyal Nitin
Published: June 2022

Background

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has been shown to improve functional outcome in patients with anterior circulation strokes and emergent large‐vessel occlusion (ELVO). Despite successful recanalization, some of these patients require decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC). We aimed to study the predictors of DHC in successfully recanalized anterior circulation ELVO patients.

Methods

Consecutive patients with anterior circulation ELVO treated with MT during a 6‐year period were evaluated. Only successfully recanalized patients (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction grades 2b, 2c, or 3) after MT were included in the analysis. Baseline demographic, clinical, and procedural variables were compared between patients requiring DHC after successful recanalization versus those who did not.

Results

Of 453 successfully recanalized patients with ELVO, 47 who underwent DHC had higher admission blood glucose levels (170±88 versus 142±66 mg/dL;
P
=0.008), lower median Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Scores (9 [interquartile range, 8–10] versus 10 [interquartile range, 9–10];
P
=0.002), higher prevalence of poor collaterals on pretreatment computed tomography angiogram (75% versus 26%;
P
<0.001), and required more passes during MT (median, 3 [interquartile range, 3–4] versus 2 [interquartile range, 1–2];
P
=0.001) compared with those who did not undergo DHC. In a multivariable model after adjusting for multiple confounders, higher admission blood glucose levels (
P
=0.031), poor collaterals on computed tomography angiography (
P
<0.001), and higher number of passes during MT (
P
<0.001) emerged as independent predictors of DHC in successfully recanalized patients with ELVO.

Conclusions

Higher admission blood glucose levels, poor collateral pattern on computed tomography angiography, and higher number of passes during MT were independently associated with DHC in patients with anterior circulation ELVO achieving successful recanalization following MT.
Theoretical Study on Defective g-GaN for CO2 Adsorption
Authors: Qiu Yi , Zou Jiang-Feng , Ma Zhi-Wei , Luo Qiang , Liu Zhong-Hua
Published: June 2022

Carbon neutrality is one of ultimate goals of global population. The detection of CO2, now, is a research hotspot, and two-dimensional materials are undoubtedly play an important role. In this paper, the first-principles approach based on density functional theory was used
to study the adsorption behavior of CO2 on intrinsic and defective g-GaN. The results are as follows. The adsorption energy is relatively bigger, the band gap and the structures of g-GaN and CO2 have no obvious changes when CO2 is adsorbed on the intrinsic
g-GaN. It indicates that intrinsic g-GaN is inert to CO2. Defective g-GaN still maintains a planar structure, but g-GaN are transformed from semiconductors to half-metal and metals after the introduction of Ga and N single vacancies, respectively. The CO2 adsorption energy
and adsorption distance are reduced, the structure of defective g-GaN is obviously deformed when CO2 is adsorbed on defective g-GaN. It indicates that the adsorption between g-GaN and CO2 is stronger. CO2 is physically adsorbed on these three structures from
the perspective of charge exchange which is good for desorption. Defective g-GaN still remain half-metallic and metallic properties after CO2 is adsorbed on it. From the adsorption energy, the introduction of Ga vacancy enhances the detection ability of g-GaN for CO2,
and it is better than N vacancy. This provides theoretical support for g-GaN materials as a nanoscale gas sensor materials.
Recent Progress on Waveguide-Based Phase-Change Photonic Storage Memory
Authors: Yi Hong
Published: June 2022

Memory targeted for data storage plays a key role in determining the operational performances of the modern digital computer, particularly in the age of ‘big data.’ Conventional computer memory devices are usually made of complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductors (CMOS).
Along with the increase of the integration density, the distance between neighboring CMOS components is further reduced, consequently accompanied with some adverse effects such as relatively low transmission speed and severe disturbances. To address these issues, an innovative photonic memory
that combines phase-change materials with silicon-based waveguides has recently attained tremendous attention owing to its ability to store and process data in a photonic manner. Triggered by this novel concept, a plasmonic-based phase-change integrated memory was subsequently proposed, which
allows for similar properties to the waveguide-based memory but with higher integration density. In spite of these progress, a comprehensive review related to the operational principle of these emerging memories, their current status, and the prospect envisage is still missing. To help researchers
better understand the performances superiorities of the phase-change photonic memory, in this review we first present the physical properties of the phase-change materials, and subsequently introduce the operational principles of different phase-change photonic memories such as waveguide-based
memory and plasmonic-based memory. The current status of these memories is also elaborated, followed by the detailed analysis of their respective performance pros and cons. The developing prospect of the phase-change photonic memories are finally envisaged.
Directional Fault Detection Based on Active Power Coefficient in Resonant-Earthed Distribution System
Authors: Liu Yuanlong , Zhang Hengxu , Wang Pengwei , Xu Bingyin
Published: June 2022

Transients-based earth fault protections cannot trip reliably for earthing faults with high resistance in a small current distribution system due to low magnitude of the high-frequency transient signals. Directional protection based on zero-sequence active power can trip reliably only
with the presence of damping resistor during fault, and can be used as back-up protection. Phase comparison method is not applicable to arcing fault and intermittent fault. Energy method also has a drawback because of its vulnerability to current transformer error. This method which use the
active power coefficient of the zero-sequence signal which is lower than 100 Hz is proposed. This method determines the faulty point direction through this coefficient. Digital simulation and actual fault recordings data have verified the feasibility of the proposed method, and is not subject
to measurement error of current transformer.
Dynamic Retrieval Model of Quantitative Data of Power Grid Resources Based on 3D Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Authors: Chen Li , Zhang Zhen , Wu Jianjun , Wei Xiang , Bai Wenyuan
Published: June 2022

In order to improve the efficiency of the quantitative data retrieval of power grid resources, a dynamic retrieval model of the quantitative data of power grid resources based on a three-dimensional GIS system is designed. First, the retrieval model architecture is designed based on
the 3D GIS system, which is mainly composed of application architecture, technical architecture, data architecture and physical architecture. The technical architecture includes core technologies such as 3D GIS engine, index storage and retrieval applications. Secondly, the real-time daemon
mode in the distributed computing method is used to establish a two-level dynamic index and store all kinds of data. Based on the dynamic index, a dynamic retrieval model is constructed by combining the parallel computing unit and the distributed coordination service unit. Finally, the Cirl-Skyline
retrieval algorithm under the Map-Reduce parallel framework is used to realize the dynamic retrieval of the quantitative data of power grid resources. The performance test results show that the designed model can effectively improve retrieval efficiency on the basis of ensuring high-precision
retrieval results, and can meet the needs of dynamic retrieval of massive quantitative data.
On the Dynamics of Indian Ocean Teleconnections into the Southern Hemisphere during Austral Winter
Authors: Gillett Z. E. , Hendon H. H. , Arblaster J. M. , Lin H. , Fuchs D.
Published: June 2022

Stationary Rossby waves, forced by the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), have an important role in Southern Hemisphere (SH) weather and climate, including promoting Australian drought and driving Antarctic sea ice variations. However, the dynamics of these teleconnections are not fully understood. During winter, the subtropical jet (STJ) should prohibit continuous propagation of a stationary Rossby wave into the SH extratropics due to the negative meridional gradient of absolute vorticity () on its poleward flank. The mechanisms that enable this teleconnection are investigated using observational and reanalysis datasets, a hierarchy of atmospheric model experiments and Rossby wave diagnostics. We conduct 90-member simulations using the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5, with an imposed local diabatic heating anomaly over the eastern Indian Ocean. We find an initial zonal propagation along the STJ waveguide, but after about 10 days, a poleward-arcing wave train appears in the extratropics that has the characteristics of the observed IOD teleconnection. Our results suggest that the Rossby wave can overcome the negative barrier by (i) propagating directly poleward in the midtroposphere and thus avoiding this evanescent region in the upper troposphere, (ii) partly propagating directly through this barrier, and (iii) propagating around this barrier farther upstream to the west. A transient eddy feedback, previously postulated to be the key mechanism to allow the stationary Rossby wave to appear on the poleward side of the negative region, reinforces the response but is not a requisite, which we confirm through comparison with a simplified linear model.
Observation of Abyssal Circulation to the West of the Luzon Strait, South China Sea
Authors: Zheng Hua , Zhu Xiao-Hua , Zhang Chuanzheng , Zhao Ruixiang , Zhu Ze-Nan , Ren Qiang , Liu Yansong , Nan Feng , Yu Fei
Published: June 2022

South China Sea (SCS) abyssal circulation largely contributes to water renewal, energy budget, and sedimentary processes in the deep ocean. The three-dimensional abyssal circulation west of the Luzon Strait (LS) in the northern SCS was investigated using an array comprising 27 current- and pressure-recording inverted echo sounders. Over 400 days of measurements from June 2018 to July 2019 showed a narrow and strong (∼70 km, ∼2.3 cm s−1 at 2500 dbar) northward current near the steep eastern boundary, while a wide and weak (∼180 km, ∼1.5 cm s−1 at 2500 dbar) southwestward current lies along the subdued western boundary. The circulation showed conspicuous cyclonic patterns with a volume transport of ∼1.21 ± 0.93 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) and ∼1.59 ± 0.95 Sv below 2500 dbar along the eastern and western boundaries, respectively. The current near the LS was strong in late autumn and early winter but weak in late winter and spring, following the seasonal variation of LS deep-water overflow. However, the southwestward current in the interior SCS was stronger in summer and early autumn but weaker in late winter and early spring. The different seasonal patterns identified near the LS and the interior SCS are attributed to the propagation of seasonal variation. The weak current along the western boundary in August 2018 and February 2019 was dominated by LS deep-water overflow with a time lag of ∼7.5 months. Although eddies in the upper ocean may also contribute to such variation through pressure work, the effect is minor.

Significance Statement

Cyclonic circulation in the deep South China Sea (SCS) largely contributes to water renewal, energy budget, and sedimentary processes and influences the transport of dissolved elements, minerals, and pollutants. As an important part of the SCS throughflow, an in-depth analysis of the SCS abyssal circulation may also contribute to understanding Indonesian Throughflow and global climate change. The three-dimensional abyssal circulation west of the Luzon Strait was investigated using large-scale data from June 2018 to July 2019, which provided unprecedented coverage of abyssal circulation in the northeast SCS. The study provides important observational evidence for the existence of SCS abyssal cyclonic circulation. Detailed spatiotemporal structure of abyssal circulation and its variations are presented, and related dynamic processes are discussed.
A Gradient Tensor–Based Subgrid-Scale Parameterization for Large-Eddy Simulations of Stratified Shear Layers Using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model
Authors: Khani Sina , Porté-Agel Fernando
Published: June 2022

The transition process from laminar stratified shear layer to fully developed turbulence is usually captured using direct numerical simulations, in which the computational cost is extremely high and the numerical domain size is limited. In this work, we introduce a scale-aware subgrid-scale (SGS) parameterization, based on the gradient tensor of resolved variables, which is implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. With this new SGS model, we can skillfully resolve the characteristics of transition process, including formation of vortex cores, merging vorticity billows, breaking waves into smaller scales, and developing secondary instability in the stratified shear layer even at coarse-resolution simulations. Our new model is developed such that the time scales of the eddy viscosity and diffusivity terms are represented using the tensor of the gradient and not that of the rate-of-strain, which is commonly used in the parameterization of turbulent-viscosity models. We show that time scales of unresolved transition processes in our new model are correlated with those of vorticity fields. At early times, the power-law slopes in the kinetic and available potential energy spectra are consistent with the process of formation and merging waves with an upscale energy transfer. At later times, the power-law slopes are in line with the process of breaking waves into small-scale motions with a downscale transfer. More importantly, the efficiency of turbulent mixing is mainly high at the edge of vortex filaments and not at the vortices’ eyes. These findings can improve our understanding of turbulent mixing process in large-scale wind-induced events, such as tropical cyclones, using the WRF Model.

Significance Statement

The evolution of instabilities in stratified shear layers has significant impacts on the structure of large-scale geophysical flows and also on the energy pathway to smaller-scale motions in internal waves and turbulence. Resolving transition processes in stratified shear layers requires very high-resolution simulations in climate models. We propose a new subgrid-scale parameterization that is implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model to capture the dynamics of transition process from laminar to three-dimensional turbulence in stratified shear layers at coarse-resolution simulations. Our new scale-aware parameterization can reduce biases in climate models by skillfully representing unresolved fluxes, leading to higher accuracy in weather predictions of temperature, precipitation, and surface fluxes with an affordable computational cost.
Rethinking the multiple meanings of the Mediterranean through Lawrence Osborne’s Beautiful Animals (2017)
Authors: Steckenbiller Christiane
Published: June 2022

Lawrence Osborne’s Beautiful Animals (2017) thematizes the arrival of refugees on Europe’s shores and the division of Europe into core and peripheral regions. The psychological thriller tells the story of two young wealthy white women whose daily routines of swimming and sunbathing are interrupted when they meet a Syrian refugee on a secluded beach. In this article, I argue that the novel overlays geographies of forced migration with those of Greek national history, myth, travel, crime, and violence. The murder committed on a Greek island compels readers to examine what might be considered the larger ‘crimes’ of Europe – exclusionary refugee policies, the meddling in Greek affairs, and the legacies of colonialism and imperialism. In doing so, the novel asks us to rethink the multiple meanings of the Mediterranean as holiday destination, deadly outer border, and Southern Other, both intra- and extra-European at the same time.
Static and dynamic BOLD fMRI components along white matter fibre tracts and their dependence on the orientation of the local diffusion tensor axis relative to the B0-field
Authors: Viessmann Olivia , Tian Qiyuan , Bernier Michaël , Polimeni Jonathan R
Published: June 2022

Recent studies have reported functional MRI (fMRI) activation within cerebral white matter (WM) using blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) contrast. Many blood vessels in WM run parallel to the fibre bundles, and other studies observed dependence of susceptibility contrast-based measures of blood volume on the local orientation of the fibre bundles relative to the magnetic field or B0 axis. Motivated by this, we characterized the dependence of gradient-echo BOLD fMRI on fibre orientation (estimated by the local diffusion tensor) relative to the B0 axis to test whether the alignment between bundles and vessels imparts an orientation dependence on resting-state BOLD fluctuations in the WM. We found that the baseline signal level of the T2*-weighted data is 11% higher in voxels containing fibres parallel to B0 than those containing perpendicular fibres, consistent with a static influence of either fibre or vessel orientation on local T2* values. We also found that BOLD fluctuations in most bundles exhibit orientation effects expected from oxygenation changes, with larger amplitudes from voxels containing perpendicular fibres. Different magnitudes of this orientation effect were observed across the major WM bundles, with inferior fasciculus, corpus callosum and optic radiation exhibiting 14–19% higher fluctuations in voxels containing perpendicular compared to parallel fibres.
Consumer knowledge and awareness of the toxicity and handling of household products at a tertiary care center in Beirut, Lebanon
Authors: Mostafa Hala , Rizk Jennifer , Kanaan Elie , Hamade Hani , Kaddoura Rima , Tamim Hani , Sakr Carine , El Zahran Tharwat
Published: June 2022

Household products intoxication is a common and preventable problem. Household product hazard awareness is lacking among consumers in Lebanon, posing a public health hazard. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the American University of Beirut Medical Center by administering surveys to 176 adult participants. The surveys focused on demographics, awareness of product toxicity, practices used to avoid intoxication, and sources of information. Each participant was given a score for behavior and awareness. Informative brochures were handed to increase awareness among consumers. We surveyed 176 patients, of whom (84.7%) were females with a mean age of 42.2 ± 13.5 years. Most were married (77.3%), had a college education (76.7%), were employed (62.5%), and were in charge of household cleaning (76.7%). Toilet cleaners were the substances most perceived to be toxic (94.0%). Most people (86.4%) had low to medium scores on behavior, while most (77.3%) had high scores on awareness. Male gender and using product labels as sources of information were associated with higher behavior scores, while referring to a friend or a relative as a source of information on product intoxication was associated with a lower behavior score. Greater awareness scores were strongly associated with being married, having a higher monthly income, and referring to warning signs presented on the labels as a source of knowledge. Unsafe handling and storage of household products are common among consumers in our population. Therefore, it may be necessary to launch education campaigns to improve consumer handling of household products.
Publics’ Views of Corporate Social Advocacy Initiatives: Exploring Prior Issue Stance, Attitude Toward a Company, and News Credibility
Authors: Lee Sun Young , Chung Sungwon
Published: June 2022

Corporate social advocacy (CSA) has emerged to promote change on social issues in response to publics’ expectations and demands, but how different publics might respond to CSA differently is little understood. Grounded in Du et al.’s (2010) corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication framework, social judgment theory (SJT), and the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), we conducted an online survey ( N = 505) to examine whether publics perceived CSA differently depending on their existing stance on an issue and whether the existing stance interacted with their attitude toward the company and news credibility. The results showed that individuals’ reaction to the CSA differed in light of their existing stance on an issue. Furthermore, when an individual's stance was undecided, attitude toward the company and news credibility were significantly related to change in issue stance, attitude toward the CSA campaign, and skepticism toward the company’s motives. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications.
Darcy–Forchheimer and Ohmic heating effects on GO-TiO2 suspended cross nanofluid flow through stenosis artery
Authors: Rathore Niraj , N Sandeep
Published: June 2022

The antibacterial properties of graphene oxide and the anti-cancer effects of TiO2particles play a vital role in the drug delivery system. Mixing these nanoparticles in the blood by considering the complex rheological natured Sutterby model can maximize drug delivery results. A theoretical analysis is made to evaluate the impact of resistive and radiative heat on the graphene oxide (GO), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) suspended Sutterby blood flow through the stenosed artery. A mathematical model is developed and resolved numerically using the Keller-box approach. The Darcy–Forchheimer, heat convection, and hydromagnetic conditions are considered for physical relevance. The outcomes are obtained for nano and hybrid nano cases and explored with tabular and pictorial representations. It is found that the addition of the GO nanoparticles to the blood-TiO2 combination boosts the heat transmission without affecting the wall friction. This minimizes the external pressure on the blood flow.
An in-plane dynamic tire model with real-time simulation capability
Authors: Huang Shiqing , Wu Haidong , Guo Konghui , Lu Dang , Lu Lei
Published: June 2022

This article introduces an in-plane dynamic tire model with real-time simulation capabilities. The tire belt is discretized into uniformly distributed mass points, and numerous massless contact elements are added between adjacent mass points. The efficient bending force calculation method and Savkoor dynamic friction coefficient formula are included in the model. Newton’s method and the Newmark-beta method are combined to solve the dynamic equations of the tire model, and the simulation results show that a reasonable model structure could meet the real-time calculation requirements. Particle swarm algorithm was used to identify the model parameters under different conditions. Finally, the model is validated and compared with the test data, showing that the model can express the static, steady-state, and high-frequency dynamic mechanical characteristics of the tire with high accuracy and efficiency.
Study on a flow-field-based meanline model of nozzled twin-entry mix-flow turbine
Authors: Xue Yingxian , Yang Mingyang , Yang Bijie , Deng Kangyao
Published: June 2022

Variable geometry twin-entry turbine has advantages in fuel economy, low-end torque, emission and turbo-engine matching of internal combustion engine. The reliability of performance prediction method for nozzled twin-entry turbine is heavily dependent on the understanding of flow mechanism of the turbine which is always confronted by time-dependent unequal admissions. This paper establishes a new meanline model of a nozzled twin-entry turbine based on the internal flow features. Firstly, flow mechanism of the twin-entry turbine with a vaned nozzle under different admissions is investigated via an experimentally validated CFD method. Results clearly demonstrate that the flow distortion in spanwise direction caused by unequal admissions notably influences the turbine efficiency discrepancy between symmetric unequal admissions, especially the two partial admissions. The evolution of flow distortion in the nozzle passage is the key to the performance discrepancy, which is impossible to be considered by a conventional performance model of a nozzled twin-entry turbine. Inspired by this, a newly-designed meanline model, named ‘parallel nozzle’ is proposed. Specifically, a nozzle passage is divided into two parallel sub-passages in spanwise direction to consider the flow distortion in nozzle passage. The model is validated against the detailed CFD results in terms of both overall performance and detailed flow parameters over different admissions. Results prove that turbine performance and flow parameters are well predicted by the model. Specifically, the influence of admissions on nozzled twin-entry turbine performance and flow parameters can be predicted by the method in satisfying accuracy.
Mother blaming and anorexia: How ideological state apparatuses have informed my perception of my mother's role in the formation of my eating disorder
Authors: Mikhaylova Oxana
Published: June 2022

Autoethnographic research has described the tendency to ascribe blame to mothers for their daughters’ disordered eating patterns, but the mechanisms by which these attitudes develop have been insufficiently investigated. The literature on mother-blaming and mothers’ roles in the development of women's eating disorders has provided macro-level theoretical explanations for this attribution of blame but lacks depictions of women who subscribe to these macro narratives and yet subsequently attribute blame to their own mothers on the micro level. In this paper, I address these two gaps by conducting a feminist autoethnographic inquiry into my own history of blaming my mother for my anorexia and other disordered eating patterns. I use classical structuralist and post-structuralist theoretical concepts, as well as Althusser's proposed neo-Marxist idea of ideological state apparatuses (ISAs). Results indicate that my mother-blaming behavior was mainly influenced by apparatuses of medicine, church, education, family, and culture. Legal, political, civic, and media apparatuses were less involved in the construction of my perception in this area. All in all, my findings provide richer insight into mother-blaming internalization on the micro level and enlarge the “palette” of feminist approaches to eating disorder analysis.
Managing municipal waste in China from a standpoint of social governance
Authors: Zhang Min , Ma Ying , Liu Mengmei , Zhang Huijuan , Lee Yunsoo
Published: June 2022

The research on municipal waste management is getting some traction from both scholars and practitioners. However, few studies have systematically reviewed this issue in China. Therefore, the purpose of our paper is to respond to this lacuna by systematically reviewing the research on urban waste management in China. In addition, we addressed the difficulties encountered by multiple stakeholders with respect to municipal waste management and provide a coherent understanding from a social governance perspective. Drawing on a systematic literature review, we analyzed 40 papers on social governance of waste management. The synthesis of previous studies demonstrates that although government deserves credit for guiding other actors, it cannot effectively safeguard the interests of all stakeholders. We integrated previous findings and gleaned suggestions for governments to implement strategic waste management.
Birth Mapping: A Visual Arts-Based Participatory Research Method Embedded in Feminist Epistemology
Authors: Mayra Kaveri
Published: June 2022

Reproductive and sexual health of women are sensitive areas of enquiry characterized by strong cultural oppression of women. Body mapping, an arts-based participatory research method, has proven useful in research with such sensitive topics. In this paper, I describe my experience of researching women’s experience of childbirth through birth maps, an adaptation of body mapping. Live size maps were co-created along with birthing story and body key with women in Bihar, India. Body mapping is a very cost-effective method that ensures better recall, richer narratives, reduced power-based inequalities that enables to explore reproductive, maternal & sexual health topics respectfully. The birth map and birthing story can generate awareness about how women give birth, as an attempt to improve the quality and respectfulness in care provision during labour and childbirth.
Investigating the impact of brief training in decision-making on treatment escalation to intensive care using objective structured clinical examination-style scenarios
Authors: Riad Hisham M , Boulton Adam J , Slowther Anne-Marie , Bassford Christopher
Published: June 2022

Background

The decision to admit patients to the intensive care unit (ICU) is complex. Structuring the decision-making process may be beneficial to patients and decision-makers alike. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and impact of a brief training intervention on ICU treatment escalation decisions using the Warwick model- a structured decision-making framework for treatment escalation decisions.

Methods

Treatment escalation decisions were assessed using Objective Structured Clinical Examination-style scenarios. Participants were ICU and anaesthetic registrars with experience of making ICU admission decisions. Participants completed one scenario, followed by training with the decision-making framework and subsequently a second scenario. Decision-making data was collected using checklists, note entries and post-scenario questionnaires.

Results

Twelve participants were enrolled. Brief decision-making training was successfully delivered during the normal ICU working day. Following training participants demonstrated greater evidence of balancing the burdens and benefits of treatment escalation. On visual analogue scales of 0–10, participants felt better trained to make treatment escalation decisions (4.9 vs 6.8, p = 0.017) and felt their decision-making was more structured (4.7 vs 8.1, p = 0.017). Overall, participants provided positive feedback and reported feeling more prepared for the task of making treatment escalation decisions.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that a brief training intervention is a feasible way to improve the decision-making process by improving decision-making structure, reasoning and documentation. Training was implemented successfully, acceptable to participants and participants were able to apply their learning. Further studies of regional and national cohorts are needed to determine if training benefit is sustained and generalisable.