bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comportement responsable des touristes : Le rôle de l’engagement social
Authors: Fall Diallo Mbaye , Diop-Sall Fatou , Leroux Erick , Valette-Florence Pierre
Published: March 2015

Dans cette recherche, nous étudions l’effet de l’engagement social sur le comportement responsable des touristes. Nous examinons en outre le rôle médiateur du management public responsable du tourisme, de l’implication dans le tourisme responsable et de l’orientation écologique du tourisme. L’étude est basée sur un échantillon total de 656 répondants. Les hypothèses de recherche sont testées selon les équations structurelles. Les résultats mettent en évidence un effet direct positif de l’engagement social sur le comportement responsable des touristes. L’implication dans le tourisme responsable et la satisfaction envers le management public responsable du tourisme ont des effets médiateurs sur la relation entre l’engagement social et le comportement responsable du touriste. Cependant, l’orientation écologique du tourisme n’a pas d’effet médiateur significatif sur cette relation, ni d’effet direct sur le comportement responsable des touristes. Les implications théoriques et managériales de ces résultats sont discutées.
Gendered Intersubjectivities in Narratives of Recovery From an Eating Disorder
Authors: Moulding Nicole T.
Published: March 2015

There is a growing body of qualitative research into women’s experiences of recovery from an eating disorder, however, as yet there has been little attention to the gendered social dimensions of these experiences. This in-depth interview study with eight recovered women was informed by the feminist concept of situated intersubjectivity, which allows for attention to both the discursive and material/lived dimensions of women’s experiences, as well as the intersubjective gender relations framing these. Narrative–discursive analysis revealed three main themes in women’s narratives, namely, recovery as a journey, turning points to recovery, and transforming relationships. Analysis demonstrated how many women’s accounts took the form of quest narratives, drawing on humanist discourses and practices of self-care and self-discovery to construct recovery as a journey to self. However, the study particularly identified shifts in intersubjective gender relations across women’s narratives that enabled other ways of belonging, recognition, self-acceptance, and agency. This article examines the implications of these findings for social workers and other health-care practitioners who support women experiencing eating disorders.
A multi-proxy record of hydroclimate, vegetation, fire, and post-settlement impacts for a subalpine plateau, central Rocky Mountains, U.S.A
Authors: Anderson Lesleigh , Brunelle Andrea , Thompson Robert S
Published: March 2015

Apparent changes in vegetation distribution, fire, and other disturbance regimes throughout western North America have prompted investigations of the relative importance of human activities and climate change as potential causal mechanisms. Assessing the effects of Euro-American settlement is difficult because climate changes occur on multi-decadal to centennial time scales and require longer time perspectives than historic observations can provide. Here, we report vegetation and environmental changes over the past ~13,000 years as recorded in a sediment record from Bison Lake, a subalpine lake on a high plateau in northwestern Colorado. Results are based on multiple independent proxies, which include pollen, charcoal, and elemental geochemistry, and are compared with previously reported interpretations of hydroclimatic changes from oxygen isotope ratios. The pollen data indicate a slowly changing vegetation sequence from sagebrush steppe during the late glacial to coniferous forest through the late Holocene. The most dramatic vegetation changes of the Holocene occurred during the ‘Medieval Climate Anomaly’ (MCA) and ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA) with rapid replacement of conifer forest by grassland followed by an equally rapid return to conifer forest. Late Holocene vegetation responses are mirrored by changes in fire, lake biological productivity, and watershed erosion. These combined records indicate that subsequent disturbance related to Euro-American settlement, although perhaps significant, had acted upon a landscape that was already responding to MCA-LIA hydroclimatic change. Results document both rapid and long-term subalpine grassland ecosystem dynamics driven by agents of change that can be anticipated in the future and simulated by ecosystem models.
Tracing modern environmental conditions to their roots in early mining, metallurgy, and settlement in Gladhammar, southeast Sweden: Vegetation and pollution history outside the traditional Bergslagen mining region
Authors: Karlsson Jon , Segerström Ulf , Berg Anna , Mattielli Nadine , Bindler Richard
Published: March 2015

We present results from a multidisciplinary project using lake sediment as a natural archive in combination with archaeology to investigate the earliest history of the Gladhammar mining area, southeastern Sweden. The aim was to identify and trace human impacts on the landscape, specifically in connection with settlement and metal production. Sediment records from two lakes linked to different processes in metal production were analyzed; Tjursbosjön down-slope of the mining area and Hyttegöl situated downstream of an excavated blast furnace, 1.8 km from the mines. The sediment analyses included multi-element geochemistry (WD-XRF), stable lead isotopes, pollen, and charcoal. Although historical documents record activities beginning in AD 1526, the archaeological study found indications that mining and metal production likely predated this period. The known historical period is well reflected in the sediment records, such as a 500-fold increase in copper, stream erosion, loss of forest cover and an expansion in agriculture. More importantly, already in the 12th–13th centuries, there was a 2- to 10-fold increase in lead, copper, and charcoal particles and evidence of erosion linked to the establishment of a blast furnace. Lead isotopes reveal a change from natural conditions to an input of lead from regional ores as early as the 9th–10th centuries. Settlement in the form of agriculture can be seen from 2000 BP. This sediment evidence of early mining or metallurgy during the 9th–15th centuries is supported by a few radiocarbon dates from the excavated mining fields, which on their own were considered as vague or improbable outliers by archaeologists.
Determination of sea surface temperatures using oxygen isotope ratios from Phorcus lineatus (Da Costa, 1778) in northern Spain: Implications for paleoclimate and archaeological studies
Authors: Gutiérrez-Zugasti Igor , García-Escárzaga Asier , Martín-Chivelet Javier , González-Morales Manuel R
Published: March 2015

Changes in oxygen isotope ratios from shell carbonates are mainly dependent on sea surface temperature, which enables the estimation of temperatures during periods of shell growth and helps to determine the season of the year when the mollusk died. The marine topshell Phorcus lineatus (Da Costa, 1778) is commonly found in Holocene archaeological deposits of Atlantic Europe and is one of the most abundant subsistence resources utilized during the Mesolithic in northern Spain. Before applying isotopic techniques to ancient samples, calibration of the past isotopic data and its variability must be performed through the study of modern specimens to test their potential as paleoclimate proxy and their suitability for determining the collection season. Although previous studies performed in the region highlighted the existing relationship between sea surface temperatures and isotopic signatures, no systematic works have been done so far. In this paper, calibration of modern P. lineatus shells from northern Spain was carried out using δ18O analysis. The results showed (1) the existence of a robust inverse correlation between instrumental temperatures ( Tmeas) and δ18Oshell ( R2 > 0.9), accompanied by the lack of significant dependence from δ18Owater variations ( R2 = 0.06); (2) the existence of conditions of (or close to) isotopic equilibrium during the formation of the aragonite in the P. lineatus shells; and (3) that using mean annual δ18Owater values, past temperatures could be calculated with a maximum uncertainty of ±3°C. Moreover, results suggested that P. lineatus generally grew without substantial slow/cessation throughout the year, reflecting the four annual seasons. Therefore, our study not only confirms the potential of oxygen isotope analysis on P. lineatus for paleoclimate reconstruction and archaeological studies highlighted in previous studies but also shows for the first time that the aragonite of those shells grew under conditions of isotopic equilibrium, opening new avenues for future research.
Not Quite a Win-Win
Authors: Lax Michael
Published: March 2015

The idea that efforts are necessary to transform the dominant framework of workplace safety and health in the United States, from one of compensation and disability to one of stay at work/return to work (SAW/RTW) for workers injured or made ill on the job, has become increasingly widespread. SAW/RTW advocates argue that everyone “wins” when unnecessary disability is reduced. Toward this end, advocates have put forward a program and implemented a strategy with strong proponents among a coalition of corporate-connected professionals. The seemingly obvious conclusions of their arguments bear closer critical scrutiny, however. Addressing key questions—why injured workers do not SAW/RTW, who the coalition of SAW/RTW proponents includes, and what the coalition proposes—reveals that the SAW/RTW approach mainly benefits employers and the corporate-connected advocates. These assertions are detailed, and principles of an alternative approach that will serve the needs of injured workers are outlined.
Development of a Safety Communication and Recognition Program for Construction
Authors: Sparer Emily H. , Herrick Robert F. , Dennerlein Jack T.
Published: March 2015

Leading-indicator-based (e.g., hazard recognition) incentive programs provide an alternative to controversial lagging-indicator-based (e.g., injury rates) programs. We designed a leading-indicator-based safety communication and recognition program that incentivized safe working conditions. The program was piloted for two months on a commercial construction worksite and then redesigned using qualitative interview and focus group data from management and workers. We then ran the redesigned program for six months on the same worksite. Foremen received detailed weekly feedback from safety inspections, and posters displayed worksite and subcontractor safety scores. In the final program design, the whole site, not individual subcontractors, was the unit of analysis and recognition. This received high levels of acceptance from workers, who noted increased levels of site unity and team-building. This pilot program showed that construction workers value solidarity with others on site, demonstrating the importance of health and safety programs that engage all workers through a reliable and consistent communication infrastructure.
Community Perspectives on the Risk of Indoor Air Pollution Arising from Contaminated Groundwater
Authors: Johnston Jill E. , Kramer Amanda J. , MacDonald Gibson Jacqueline
Published: March 2015

The migration of volatile contaminants into overlying buildings, known as vapor intrusion, is a health concern for people living above contaminated groundwater. As public health and environmental agencies develop protocols to evaluate vapor intrusion exposure, little attention has been paid to the experiences and opinions of communities likely to be affected by vapor intrusion. Using a community-driven research approach and qualitative interviews, we explored community perspectives on the vapor intrusion pathway and the perceived impact on community health and well-being among neighbors living atop a large, shallow-chlorinated solvent plume in San Antonio, TX. Most participants associated vapor intrusion with health risks, expressing concern about the unavoidable and uncontrollable nature of their exposure. Few were satisfied with the responsiveness of public officials. Above all, participants wanted more accurate, transparent information and additional independent scientific investigations.
Working Behind Wyoming’s Carbon Curtain
Authors: Neal Dan
Published: March 2015

Dan Neal, formerly the Executive Director of the Equality State Policy Center in Casper, Wyoming, was presented the Lorin Kerr Award by the Occupational Health and Safety Section of the American Public Health Association at its annual meeting in November 2014. The Kerr Award recognizes individuals who have stepped up to provide new leadership in occupational health and safety activism with sustained and outstanding efforts and dedication to improving the lives of workers. (Lorin Kerr [1909–1991] was a life-long activist and served for over forty years as a physician for the United Mine Workers. He was dedicated to improving access to health care for coal miners and other workers and to obtaining compensation for and preventing black lung disease.) Neal’s acceptance speech introduces us to the health and safety concerns in Wyoming’s expanding energy sector and explains how a coalition for occupational safety and health is organizing to address these concerns.
Parents’ Recall and Reflections on Experiences Related to HPV Vaccination for Their Children
Authors: Niccolai Linda M. , Hansen Caitlin E. , Credle Marisol , Shapiro Eugene D.
Published: March 2015

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage remains suboptimal in the United States. We conducted in-depth interviews with parents of adolescents from an urban primary care center serving a low-income minority population to describe their experiences. We identified the following themes: (a) parents of unvaccinated children generally had not discussed the vaccine with providers and had low awareness; (b) among unaware parents, provision of brief information generally resulted in positive comments about the vaccine; (c) vaccine was typically not requested by parents but rather offered by providers; (d) strength of the recommendations from providers varied, and vaccine was sometimes presented as optional or low priority; (e) parents had low awareness of the three-dose regimen and poor recall about completion; and (f) limited understanding of why boys should be vaccinated. More than 7 years after the introduction of HPV vaccine, there is substantial room for improving the way it is recommended and discussed by providers.
Health/Service Providers’ Perspectives on Barriers to Healthy Weight Gain and Physical Activity in Pregnant, Urban First Nations Women
Authors: Darroch Francine E. , Giles Audrey R.
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this article is to examine health/service providers’ perspectives of barriers to healthy weight gain and physical activity for urban, pregnant First Nations women in Ottawa, Canada. Through the use of semi-structured interviews, we explored 15 health/service providers’ perspectives on the complex barriers their clients face. By using a postcolonial feminist lens and a social determinants of health framework, we identified three social determinants of health that the health/service providers believed to have the greatest influence on their clients’ weight gain and physical activity during pregnancy: poverty, education, and colonialism. Our findings are then contextualized within existing Statistics Canada and the Ottawa Neighbourhood Study data. We found that health/service providers are in a position to challenge colonial relations of power. We conclude by urging health/service providers, researchers, and policymakers alike to take into consideration the ways in which these social determinants of health and their often synergistic effects affect urban First Nations women during pregnancy.
On the Formation of the Psychological Contract
Authors: Sherman Ultan P. , Morley Michael J.
Published: March 2015

While much is known about the consequences of the psychological contract, comparatively less is understood about how the contract is actually formed in the first instance. We argue that a closer examination of the fundamental building blocks of the psychological contract will facilitate a better understanding of how it should be effectively managed. Based on its cognitive underpinnings, we make the case for the development of a schema theory perspective on the contract formation process. Specifically, we explore how previous employment experiences and both individual and organizational sources of contract-related information differentially influence the formation of the emerging psychological contract in the new firm. Arising from this, we advance several linked propositions to direct future research in this area. Finally, we discuss the methodological challenges facing researchers seeking to access employee–employer schemata and propose how some of these may be addressed.
Workplace Boredom
Authors: Mael Fred , Jex Steve
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this article is to develop a testable model of both the antecedents and consequences of workplace boredom. This model is needed because recent evidence suggests that boredom in the workplace is on the rise, despite the apparent reduction in boring, monotonous jobs, which have traditionally been seen as the primary causes of boredom. To develop this model, we first clarify the construct of boredom and distinguish it from other related constructs in the psychological literature. We put forth a typology of boredom that we view as more realistic than a single definition. We then present a model of workplace boredom that integrates past research with a more contemporary approach based on societal trends and individual differences in susceptibility to boredom. Based on this model, we offer a number of research propositions as well as suggestions for potential ways of decreasing workplace boredom.
An integrated task management system to reduce semantic conflicts in multi-user computer-aided design
Authors: Hepworth Ammon , Halterman Keith , Stone Brett , Yarn Jared , Jensen C Greg
Published: March 2015

Simultaneous multi-user computer-aided design enables teams of designers to contribute simultaneously to the same model. As multiple users make contributions to the model, all users see additions from all other collaborators in real-time. However, without careful coordination, conflicts that violate the design intent of the model may occur. These are referred to as semantic conflicts and lead to redundant work by users. This article presents a method to reduce semantic conflicts through a task management system integrated directly into multi-user computer-aided design. Experiments were run that compare multi-user teams’ design modeling times with and without the integrated task management system. The results of these experiments show that the integrated task management system significantly reduces the time to complete design models by reducing semantic conflicts through enhanced organization and communication.
A Wild Multiple Apparatus of Knowing Discussion
Authors: Reinertsen Anne Beate
Published: March 2015

This is a heterodidactic neuroscience, not materiality of language discussion. It is an article on intra-observation as research methodology, thus auditory, visual, cultural, syntactic, and paratactical body/mind/brain possibilities of words—Thinking ontology for post-qualitative methodology. Indirectly, it is about linguistic accountability of the event of/in education; the event of/in research—Thought in the act and/or bodily awareness in the moment: Nodal point waiting pentimento performances . . . and Jasmine. It might therefore be about a whole new transdisciplinary and humble body/mind/brain, education and research field all together, or about being a bit wild in the brain, and/to transfer something across areas and learning. It is a schizoanalysis crafting of knowledge attempt becoming data wise in action. My goal and hope are to foster self-reflexive think-languages and practices in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) Institutions and schools. It is a professionalizing method.
On the Transgressive Possibilities of Physical Pedagogic Practices
Authors: Silk Michael , Francombe-Webb Jessica , Rich Emma , Merchant Stephanie
Published: March 2015

Within this article, we critically reflect on the production and reproduction of knowledge(s) within the academic study of sport—a field dominated (to its detriment) by self-destructive versions of reductionist science that (subconsciously) act as insidious components of the social and economic condition that privileges “state” science and fail to do justice to the potentialities of “the physical” in overcoming social, political, and health inequalities. To counter such regressive orthodoxies, we focus on a corporeal/technoslow approach to the curriculum/pedagogy in an effort to initiate dialogue about a more progressive and democratic social science of sport, leisure, and physical cultures—a transgressive pedagogy that can encourage transformation and the political potentialities of “the physical.”
Growing Up With Civil Rights
Authors: Hocker Joyce L.
Published: March 2015

The author consults family documents to write the story of one White family’s social, rhetorical, and psychological development in relationship to the American Civil Rights Movement, from 1948 to the early 1970s and after. The father in the family is a progressive Southern minister; the daughter reflects on how the family and the social movement matured together, and the lasting effects on her family’s life. Personal stories of involvement in civil rights are related to illuminate the personal in the political.
Nonlinear model of deformation of crystal media with complex lattice: Mathematical methods of model implementation
Authors: Aero EL , Bulygin AN , Pavlov Yu V
Published: March 2015

New methods for finding solutions to three coupled double sine-Gordon equations are developed. The equations describe the optical mode in the nonlinear theory of a crystalline media with complex lattice with two sublattices developed by the authors. In this model, displacement of the center of inertia of atoms of the elementary cell is described by an acoustic mode while mutual displacement of atoms inside the cell is accounted for by an optical mode. Making use of simplifying assumptions (homogenous deformation, thin-layer approximation) the solution of three coupled equations are reduced to the solution of a single sine-Gordon (double sine-Gordon) equation with constant or variable amplitude. Functionally invariant solutions of the nonlinear Klein–Fock–Gordon equation are constructed, particular cases of which are the sine-Gordon and the double sine-Gordon equations. The approach to determination of functionally invariant solutions of the sine-Gordon equation with variable amplitude is proposed. Equations of our nonlinear theory of crystalline media are derived in the form of two coupled sine-Gordon equations for the case of planar deformation, and functionally invariant solutions for them are obtained. Important features of the solutions obtained are discussed.
Recovery of Transplanted Eyebrow From Radiation-Induced Anagen Effluvium
Authors: Irune Ekpemi , Bast Florian , Williams Gregory , Kirkpatrick Niall
Published: March 2015

Ablative surgery for skin cancer of the face can often leave patients with significant deformities. These disfigurements can include loss of hair in conspicuous areas such as the eyebrows, leaving the patients with unsightly facial asymmetry. Eyebrow transplantation serves to address this issue; however, it has often been discouraged in patients who are destined to receive radiotherapy to the cutaneous area in question. This is due to the anagen effluvium effect of radiation therapy on hair follicles. We present a case in which the transplanted eyebrow hair follicles survived the deleterious effects of radiotherapy, leaving the patient with a symmetrical and aesthetically satisfactory eyebrow appearance.
Should we systematically test patients with clinically isolated syndrome for auto-antibodies?
Authors: Negrotto Laura , Tur Carmen , Tintoré Mar , Arrambide Georgina , Sastre-Garriga Jaume , Río Jordi , Comabella Manuel , Nos Carlos , Galán Ingrid , Vidal-Jordana Angela , Simon Eva , Castilló Joaquín , Palavra Filipe , Mitjana Raquel , Auger Cristina , Rovira Àlex , Montalban Xavier
Published: March 2015

Background:

Several autoimmune diseases (ADs) can mimic multiple sclerosis (MS). For this reason, testing for auto-antibodies (auto-Abs) is often included in the diagnostic work-up of patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).

Objective:

The purpose was to study how useful it was to systematically determine antinuclear-antibodies, anti-SSA and anti-SSB in a non-selected cohort of CIS patients, regarding the identification of other ADs that could represent an alternative diagnosis.

Methods:

From a prospective CIS cohort, we selected 772 patients in which auto-Ab levels were tested within the first year from CIS. Baseline characteristics of auto-Ab positive and negative patients were compared. A retrospective revision of clinical records was then performed in the auto-Ab positive patients to identify those who developed ADs during follow-up.

Results:

One or more auto-Ab were present in 29.4% of patients. Only 1.8% of patients developed other ADs during a mean follow-up of 6.6 years. In none of these cases the concurrent AD was considered the cause of the CIS. In all cases the diagnosis of the AD resulted from the development of signs and/or symptoms suggestive of each disease.

Conclusion:

Antinuclear-antibodies, anti-SSA and anti-SSB should not be routinely determined in CIS patients but only in those presenting symptoms suggestive of other ADs.
Constructing civil society: Gender, power and legitimacy in United Nations peacebuilding discourse
Authors: Shepherd Laura J.
Published: March 2015

The United Nations Peacebuilding Commission was created in 2005 to have oversight of United Nations peacebuilding operations. In the foundational resolution, adopted simultaneously by the United Nations Security Council (S/RES/1645) and the United Nations General Assembly (A/RES/60/180), the Peacebuilding Commission is mandated to encourage meaningful participation in peacebuilding-related activities by civil society actors. This article investigates the construction of ‘civil society’ as a subject of United Nations peacebuilding discourse, drawing on both policy documents and interview data. The inclusion of civil society actors in peacebuilding-related activities is currently considered central to the success of these activities; if it is taken for granted that the meaningful participation of civil society actors ensures that United Nations programmes build better peace, and I argue that it is, then it is important to understand what is meant by ‘civil society’ and to comprehend the kinds of actions that are prescribed and proscribed by the meanings attached to the concept. Specifically, I map out a peacebuilding discourse that (re)produces the United Nations — as representative of ‘the international community’ — as the architect/legitimate knower of peacebuilding practice, and the communities working on building peace as the labourers/known objects. This has significant implications for the ways in which civil society organisations, and the forms of knowledge that these organisations represent, are encountered and engaged in peacebuilding practices; ‘local’ knowledge is at once valued (in the process of extraction) and yet subordinated.
Brain Tumor Database, a free relational database for collection and analysis of brain tumor patient information
Authors: Bergamino Maurizio , Hamilton David J , Castelletti Lara , Barletta Laura , Castellan Lucio
Published: March 2015

In this study, we describe the development and utilization of a relational database designed to manage the clinical and radiological data of patients with brain tumors. The Brain Tumor Database was implemented using MySQL v.5.0, while the graphical user interface was created using PHP and HTML, thus making it easily accessible through a web browser. This web-based approach allows for multiple institutions to potentially access the database. The BT Database can record brain tumor patient information (e.g. clinical features, anatomical attributes, and radiological characteristics) and be used for clinical and research purposes. Analytic tools to automatically generate statistics and different plots are provided. The BT Database is a free and powerful user-friendly tool with a wide range of possible clinical and research applications in neurology and neurosurgery. The BT Database graphical user interface source code and manual are freely available at http://tumorsdatabase.altervista.org .
Effect of combustion regime on in-cylinder heat transfer in internal combustion engines
Authors: Jia Ming , Gingrich Eric , Wang Hu , Li Yaopeng , Ghandhi Jaal B , Reitz Rolf D
Published: March 2015

A multi-dimensional model was applied to investigate the influence of combustion regimes on heat transfer losses in internal combustion engines. By utilizing improved turbulence and heat transfer sub-models, the combustion and heat transfer characteristics of the engine were satisfactorily reproduced for operation under conventional diesel combustion, homogeneous charge compression ignition, and reactivity controlled compression ignition regimes. The results indicated that the total heat transfer losses of conventional diesel combustion are the largest among the three combustion regimes due to the direct interaction of the high-temperature flame with the piston wall, while the heat transfer losses of reactivity controlled compression ignition are the lowest and nearly are independent of combustion phasing because of the avoidance of high-temperature regions adjacent to the cylinder walls. Compared to conventional diesel combustion, homogeneous charge compression ignition shows more potential for the reduction of exhaust energy and improvement of fuel efficiency. In reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion, the reduction of heat transfer and exhaust losses outweigh its increase in combustion losses and offer the opportunity for further improvement of fuel efficiency. Furthermore, by evaluating the widely used Woschni and Chang et al.’s empirical heat transfer correlations, it was found that both correlations considerably overestimate the heat transfer rate for the reactivity controlled compression ignition regime. It is necessary to improve empirical heat transfer models to take account of the flow and combustion characteristics under various combustion modes.
The border between intimacy and anonymity in innocuous action: The greeting as a social form
Authors: Blum Alan
Published: March 2015

In response to Freud’s notion that large things reveal themselves in small indications, this article analyses the greeting as a social form, using the resources of classical sociological theory and particularly the works of Simmel and Durkheim. The focus in not upon external aspects of the content studied, say, the difference between war as a macro-event and coquetry as a micro-event, nor on the social organisation of the event as an orderly phenomenon, but on the collective representation and its unstated configuration of layered meanings that discloses a tension in modern life around the enigma of acknowledgement. The example allows us to bring together a focus on language and embodiment through analysis of the gesture. In particular, the greeting raises the problem of the ambiguous relationship of intimacy and anonymity that haunts modernity. The method is illustrated through an analysis of the cliché as a circuit of commonplace representations and then traced as a narrative to disclose its form as mirroring a fundamental problem for the social actor’s relationship to the gesture of acknowledgement as a problem of self-worth.
Environmental risk perception among race and ethnic groups in the United States
Authors: Macias Thomas
Published: March 2015

We examine varying levels of perceived environmental risks among nine U.S. race and ethnic group categories using the 2010 General Social Survey. Three interrelated questions motivate our analysis. First, how does the environmental risk perception of air pollution, water pollution, agricultural chemicals, climate change and nuclear power generation vary among specific categories of race and ethnicity? Second, to what degree are higher levels of perceived risk among immigrant-origin groups subject to change as a result of cultural assimilation over generations? And third, to what degree are race and ethnic differences in environmental risk perception a reflection of other possibly more significant factors such as education, income, gender and conservative political views? Though we find some evidence for attitude assimilation among generations of Mexican-origin people, the dominant pattern is greater perceived risks among non-whites than whites across generations in the U.S. Additionally, not only did race and ethnic groups show greater concern for the threats posed by climate change and nuclear power generation than whites, they also expressed more concern about these two topics than they did for more localized issues such as air pollution emanating from industry and transportation. Despite our statistical controls for socioeconomic status, race and ethnic categories remained strong independent predictors of perceived environmental threats.
Optimization of neural networks for time-domain simulation of mooring lines
Authors: Christiansen Niels H , Voie Per Erlend Torbergsen , Winther Ole , Høgsberg Jan
Published: March 2015

When using artificial neural networks in methods for dynamic analysis of slender structures, the computational effort associated with time-domain response simulation may be reduced drastically compared to classic solution strategies. This article demonstrates that the network structure of an artificial neural network, which has been trained to simulate forces in a mooring line of a floating offshore platform, can be optimized and reduced by different optimization procedures. The procedures both detect and prune the least salient network weights successively, and besides trimming the network, they also can be used to rank the importance of the various network inputs. The dynamic response of slender marine structures often depends on several external load components, and by applying the optimization procedures to a trained artificial neural network, it is possible to classify the external force components with respect to importance and subsequently determine which of them may be ignored in the analysis. The performance of the optimization procedures is illustrated by a numerical example, which shows that, in particular, the most simple procedures are able to remove more than half of the network weights in an artificial neural network without significant loss of simulation accuracy.
Satire, Elections, and Democratic Politics in Digital India
Authors: Punathambekar Aswin
Published: March 2015

This article is concerned with understanding the role of satire as a crucial narrative and communicative form for thinking and caring about politics in contemporary India. In an era marked by the relentless corporate makeover of news media and a concomitant decline in public trust in journalism, satirical videos that took on Narendra Modi, Arvind Kejriwal, Rahul Gandhi, and other political figures during the 2014 election campaign season offered a strikingly different and immensely popular mode of engagement with the political. Moving past well-worn paradigms for understanding the relation between entertainment and politics, this article situates online satire within a vibrant field of everyday digital media production that marks contemporary Indian public culture. I show how satirical videos became part of an intricate, networked, yet comprehensible intertextual field that linked the 2014 elections to long-standing political issues and debates around caste, class, gender and sexuality, and religious nationalism.
Mr. Modi Goes to Delhi
Authors: Chakravartty Paula , Roy Srirupa
Published: March 2015

This essay introduces the theme of the special issue. While elections across the globe today are mediated in the sense of being pervaded by the ambient presence and explicit deployments of varied media, the Indian national elections of 2014 showcase a specific logic of mediated populism that has become globally influential of late. To understand this logic, we examine the contexts and lineages of the present moment of mediated populism, i.e. the wider political-economic dynamics and contexts that shape and embed the Modi phenomenon. We focus on the changing relationship between privatized media across platforms, political elites and conceptions/productions of “the people” that these particular political historical dynamics have effected and enabled.
Good Times, Brought to You by Brand Modi
Authors: Kaur Ravinder
Published: March 2015

The impending arrival of the long awaited “good times” emerged as a powerful meme in the 2014 general elections in India. The vague but exhilarating promise of good times was not only translated into catchy campaign slogans but also acquired its own fast-circulating hashtags, domain names, and strong everyday presence on social media. In this article, I open up the notion of good times through an account of #acchedin and locate it within the longer trajectory of neoliberal economic reforms. I ask what good times might even mean in a nation that has transformed itself fully into commodity-form to become an attractive investment destination for global investors. The newly crafted Brand Modi, the natural inheritor and prime agent of 1990s Brand India, now works in tandem in anticipation of the long awaited, and ever elusive, transformative epochal threshold of good times ahead.
Instructional Effectiveness in the SHL Classroom
Authors: Beaudrie Sara M.
Published: March 2015

This article reports on a comparative study of teacher and student perceptions on effective instructional practices in the Spanish heritage language classroom. The data were collected through an online questionnaire administered to 460 students in different Spanish courses and 9 instructors at a large university as well as focus groups. Based on the results, it is suggested that teachers work toward a mutual understanding with students about the main classroom pedagogical activities, methods, and tools to prevent student dissatisfaction and disengagement.
Multi-objective optimization of the control strategy of electric vehicle electro-hydraulic composite braking system with genetic algorithm
Authors: Fengjiao Zhang , Minxiang Wei
Published: March 2015

Optimization of the control strategy plays an important role in improving the performance of electric vehicles. In order to improve the braking stability and recover the braking energy, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the key parameters in the control strategy of electric vehicle electro-hydraulic composite braking system. Various limitations are considered in the optimization process, and the optimization results are verified by a software simulation platform of electric vehicle regenerative braking system in typical brake conditions. The results show that optimization objectives achieved a good astringency, and the optimized control strategy can increase the brake energy recovery effectively under the condition of ensuring the braking stability.
Real-time precision pedestrian navigation solution using Inertial Navigation System and Global Positioning System
Authors: Yoon Yong-Jin , Li King Ho Holden , Lee Jiahe Steven , Park Woo-Tae
Published: March 2015

Global Positioning System and Inertial Navigation System can be used to determine position and velocity. A Global Positioning System module is able to accurately determine position without sensor drift, but its usage is limited in heavily urbanized environments and heavy vegetation. While high-cost tactical-grade Inertial Navigation System can determine position accurately, low-cost micro-electro-mechanical system Inertial Navigation System sensors are plagued by significant errors. Global Positioning System is coupled with Inertial Navigation System to correct the errors, while Inertial Navigation System itself can be used to provide navigation solution during a Global Positioning System outage. Data from Global Positioning System and Inertial Navigation System can be integrated by extensive Kalman filtering, using loosely coupled integration architecture to provide navigation solutions. In this study, real-time low-cost loosely coupled micro-electro-mechanical system Inertial Navigation System/Global Positioning System sensors have been used for pedestrian navigation. Trial runs of Global Positioning System outages have been conducted to determine the accuracy of the system described. The micro-electro-mechanical system Inertial Navigation System/Global Positioning System can successfully project a trajectory during a Global Positioning System outage and produces a root mean square error of 9.35 m in latitude direction and 10.8 m in longitude direction. This technology is very suitable for visually impaired pedestrians.
Numerical simulation of a backward-facing step flow in a microchannel with external electric field
Authors: Yao Qing-He , Zhu Qing-Yong
Published: March 2015

A backward-facing step flow in the microchannel with external electric field was investigated numerically by a high-order accuracy upwind compact difference scheme in this work. The Poisson–Boltzmann and Navier–Stokes equations were computed by the high-order scheme, and the results confirmed the ability of the new solver in simulation of micro-scale electric double layer effects. The flow fields were displayed for different Reynolds numbers; the positions of the vortex saddle point of model with external electric field and model without external electric field were compared. The average velocity increases linearly with the electric field intensity; however, the Joule heating effects cannot be neglected when the electric field intensity increases to a certain level.
Numerical study on unidirectional fluid–solid coupling of Francis turbine runner
Authors: Kan Kan , Zheng Yuan , Zhang Xin , Yang Chunxia , Zhang Yuquan
Published: March 2015

To analyze the fluid–solid coupling stress characteristics of the Francis turbine runner comprehensively, based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and shear stress transport k-ω turbulence model, this article performs numerical simulation of three-dimensional steady incompressible turbulent flow through the whole passage of a certain large Francis turbine under multiple operating conditions with Computational Fluid Dynamic software CFX and contrasts the result with that model test conversion. With the help of ANSYS workbench platform, equivalent stress, deformation distribution, and variation of the runner under multiple operating conditions are obtained through loading the water pressure on the runner blade as structural plane load to blades by the method of unidirectional fluid–solid coupling. The results show that under small flow operating conditions, flow patterns in the runner are disordered, the stress on the blade distributes unevenly, and the maximum stress lies on the influent side of the blades connected to the band; as the flow increases, the stress appears intensively around the effluent side of the blades connected to the runner crown. The maximum deformation first decreases and then increases as the flow increases. The deformation area expands from the middle effluent side of blades to the band. The results can be found in the researches on the structure design and the safety and stability of the Francis turbine runner.
Photoelastic evaluation of pathological axis deviation of the femur in the frontal plane
Authors: Fakhouri Sarah Fakher , Shimano Marcos Massao , Maranho Daniel , Araujo Cleudmar Amaral , Shimano Antônio Carlos , Volpon José Batista
Published: March 2015

The objective of this study is to evaluate the repercussions of the pathological deviation of the coxa brevis, femur, and tibia without the pathological deviation of the axis in the femoral or tibial frontal plane. The stress distribution in the proximal and distal joints was evaluated in relation to the deviations using transmission photoelasticity. Two-dimensional femur and tibia models were developed from frontal panoramic radiographs, which were later used to fabricate molds and photoelastic models. A force of 8 N was applied to the top of the femoral head. For the deviation of the coxa brevis and for the femur and tibia without pathological deviation, the stresses were more critical in the calcar region of the proximal femur. In the distal femur and proximal and distal tibia, the stress distributions were in accordance with the models, the proposed fixation conditions, and the long bone geometries. The most important conclusion of this investigation was that joint deviation also alters the stress on all primary joints of the lower extremities. From this study, it will be possible to develop better correction criteria for angular deviations and discharges of bone and joint forces of the lower extremities and to provide refinements to prostheses.
Finite element method study on the influence of initial stress on machining process
Authors: Ma Yuan , Yu Dingwen , Feng Pingfa , Wu Zhijun , Zhang Jianfu
Published: March 2015

Machining-induced residual stress has significant influence on the performance of the parts. Extensive studies about machining-induced residual stress concerning many factors have been carried out but few focused on the role of initial stress distribution in cutting process. In this study, a finite element method study on the influence of initial stress on machining process is carried out. A combined method to obtain the parameters in Johnson–Cook constitutive model was introduced and verified with face milling experiments and finite element method simulations. And with this carefully established finite element method model, the influence of the value and distribution range of initial stress on cutting process was studied. The results show that the initial tensile stress makes the cutting stress distribution within the workpiece become more tensile and diminishes the cutting forces and tool tip temperature, while initial compressive stress has opposite effects. The value and distribution range of initial stress determines the strength of this influence. On the other hand, the machining process also results in the partial release of initial stress in the bulk material.
A fiber Bragg grating direct current sensor with temperature compensation based on electromagnetic force
Authors: Yao Yuan , Zhou Ciming , Zhang Wenju , Xue Qin , Ling Yutao
Published: March 2015

A novel fiber Bragg grating direct current sensor with intrinsic temperature compensation is presented in this article. The operating principle of the sensor is based on the deflection of a cantilever beam due to the electromagnetic force between a static-iron and a moving-iron attached to the free end of the cantilever which is enclosed within a solenoid through which the current under test is passed. The deflection of the cantilever beam is measured by differential strain sensing using two fiber Bragg gratings mounted on either side of the beam, thus achieving temperature compensation. The sensor operation is theoretically described, and experimental measurements confirm the operation of the fiber Bragg grating direct current sensor up to 500 A. A 382-pm Bragg wavelength shift difference is detected when the current is 500 A. The test results are analyzed and discussed in the time domain and frequency domain. The resistance to electromagnetic interference immunity of the fiber Bragg grating sensor is improved compared with the strain gauge sensor.