bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Maternal Hemodynamic Response of Nifedipine versus Hydralazine in the Management of Severe Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension: A Comparative Study
Authors: Imran Sajida , Afzal Munawar , Tahir Humaira , Nawaz Minhas Ibtisam , Shoaib Maryam , Shaista Waheed Syeda , Suleman Ismail Abdalla Sundos
Published: February 2025

Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare nifedipine to hydralazine with respect to efficacy, maternal hemodynamic response, and fetal outcomes in severe pregnancy induced hypertension. The aim was to assess the safety of antihypertensive agents in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies in pregnancy with regard to BP control and adverse effects during pregnancy.

Methodology: Total n=100 participants were considered in this study, the pharmacological effects of nifedipine in comparison with hydralazine were compared in the treatment of severe pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). It measured time to BP ≤150/100 mmHg, BP changes, heart rate and adverse events. Fetal outcome included heart rate abnormalities, APGAR scores, and NICU admissions. Treatment efficacy, safety and requirements for further therapy were also studied to determine an appropriate antihypertensive treatment in pregnancy.

Results: BP control was faster with nifedipine than with hydralazine (34.8 ± 7.5 vs. 42.1 ± 8.3, p = 0.008) and more patients achieved target BP (89.2% vs. 76.5%, p = 0.03). In addition, it resulted in more smooth BP reduction without more hypotension (2.3% vs. 5.2%, p = 0.04) and less reflex tachycardia (3.4% vs. 7.6%, p = 0.03). Nifedipine was associated with better neonatal outcomes (NICU admissions 10.3% vs. 15.6%, p = 0.04 and fewer fetal heart rate abnormalities). In general, nifedipine was better and safer than hydralazine for the treatment of severe PIH.

Conclusion: In severe pregnancy induced hypertension, hydralazine was compared to nifedipine and nifedipine was superior as it had better efficacy, faster BP control, better maternal hemodynamic stability, and better fetal outcomes. It should be regarded as the first line antihypertensive agent for the management of hypertensive emergencies in pregnancy.

Keywords: Pregnancy induced hypertension, Hydralazine, Nifedipine, Fetal, Antihypertensive.
Frequency of Amblyopia in Uncorrected an Isometropia in Children of age between 5-10 years
Authors: Mahmood Khan Tahir , Anwar Bhatti Shahid , Haleem Abdul , ul Haq Anwar , Naveed Haide Syed , Shamim Ul Hunsain Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Background: Uncorrected anisometropia is a leading cause of amblyopia and preventable visual impairment in children. Anisometropia disrupts binocular vision, resulting in cortical suppression and reduced visual acuity in the affected eye. Early identification and treatment are crucial to prevent permanent vision loss. However, the lack of routine vision screening in Pakistan often delays diagnosis and treatment.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of amblyopia among Pakistani children aged 5–10 years with uncorrected anisometropia and to evaluate the relationship between anisometropia severity and amblyopia.

Methods: A cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted at multiple ophthalmology centres in Pakistan from January 2020 to December 2022. A total of 150 children with uncorrected anisometropia underwent comprehensive assessments, including best-corrected visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, and ocular alignment tests. Amblyopia was defined as BCVA ≤ 20/40 in one eye or an interocular difference of ≥2 lines. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, and chi-square tests were applied to evaluate the association between anisometropia severity and amblyopia.

Results: Amblyopia was diagnosed in 32% of the study population. The prevalence increased with anisometropia severity: 13.3% in mild cases, 29.1% in moderate cases, and 68.6% in severe cases (p<0.001). The mean age of amblyopia diagnosis was 7.5 ± 1.3 years. No significant gender difference in prevalence was found (p=0.69).

Conclusion: Uncorrected anisometropia significantly increases amblyopia risk. Early detection and timely treatment are essential to prevent long-term visual impairment. Implementing school vision screenings and improving access to refractive correction services could substantially reduce childhood amblyopia in Pakistan.

Keywords: Amblyopia, Anisometropia, Childhood Visual Impairment, Pediatric Ophthalmology, Vision Screening, Pakistan.
Effect of Wood-based Material Type on Drilled Hole Diameter
Authors: Sydor Maciej , Zasuwik Adam
Published: February 2025

This study examines the influence of furniture board material type on real drilled hole dimensions. Five samples were fabricated from two medium-density fibreboards (MDF), two particleboards, and plywood. Fifteen holes were drilled in the side surface of each sample using a 12 mm drill bit, a rotational speed of 3000 rpm, and a feed rate of 0.67 mm/rev. For each hole, the diameter of the cylindrical plug gauge was identified to determine whether it could be inserted freely, partially, or not at all. The results showed that in each case the effective hole diameter was smaller than the nominal drill diameter. The smallest plug gauge diameters were observed in plywood (a plug gauge with a diameter exceeding 98.8% of the drill bit diameter could not be freely inserted). Particleboards exhibited varying usable hole diameters (99.2-99.6%), while MDF showed the largest diameters of freely insertable plug gauge (99.6%). The observed differences between the plug gauge diameter and the nominal drill bit diameter can be attributed to variations in material structure. Adhesive layers in plywood and structural changes induced by drilling in particleboard likely contribute to the reduced practical hole diameter. In contrast, MDF's more uniform structure results in minimal deviations. These differences in hole diameter are crucial for the design of self-assembly furniture, as they can impact the fit and assembly process.
ARTISANAL AND SMALL-SCALE MINING (ASM) AND SUSTAINABILITY, AND IMPROVED LIVELIHOODS. A CASE STUDY OF EAST AFRICAN COUNTRIES (EAC) REGION
Authors: HUSSEIN ABINOOR, MAALIM
Published: February 2025

Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) has experienced explosive growth in recent years due to the rising value of mineral prices and the increasing difficulty of earning a living from agriculture and other rural activities, in that regard the Mining Industry has contributed to the major sources of income and employment for the East African countries, especially the local people of Kenya. Artisanal and Small-Scale mining effects in were studied using structured questionnaires. This research draws on primary data collected from households and artisanal miners. The questionnaire was designed to answer the following questions about the socio-economic impacts of small-scale mining on local community livelihoods in East Africa Countries. Furthermore, the research employs of a descriptive survey design, to understand the effects of mining in the study region. Results indicate that overdependence on mining and poor diversification of livelihood options has hindered the development of rural communities in the region.

The equitable distribution of employment opportunities and revenue from small-scale mining remains a challenge for sustainable local development.
Cultural History of the Guitar in Latin America: News from Argentina, Guatemala, México, and Perú [PDF, E-Book]
Authors: Diaz Santana Garza Luis , Vera Alejandro , Frajoza Juan , Pira Martínez Juan Pablo , Medrano Ruiz Sonia , Ramírez Estrada Arturo Javier , Morales Trejo Ericka Beatriz , Martínez de la Rosa Alejandro , Johns Eric , Salmerón Enrique
Published: February 2025

The objective of this book is to disseminate the rich history of the guitar in Latin America, with special emphasis on Mexico, covering a period that goes from the viceregal age to the present day. The collaborators are some of the most outstanding guitarists and researchers of the instrument from Chile, Mexico, Guatemala and the United States. The chapters aim to explore the composers, performers, repertoire and construction of the guitar since the sixteenth century in Latin America and the US, but also to comprehend the social role and economic ecosystem of the instrument. Due to the long chronology proposed, the book not only deals with the modern guitar, but also with the baroque guitar, and there is even a chapter dedicated to the traditional instruments that have historically been heirs to the Spanish guitar. The originality of this work resides in the use of historical and humanistic tools. It is based on a current bibliography, and it is one of the first books published in English on the history of the guitar in Latin America.
Research on Missile Guidance Based on Three-Loop Autopilot Device
Authors: Xu Shuang
Published: February 2025

In order to improve the speed of the guide head capturing the target in the case of guided missiles with large landing angle and reduce the angular deviation of the start point of terminal guidance, a high control method of missile autopilot design is proposed and the trajectory programming method-constraints of seeker (TPM-CS) is considered with multiple constraints of the guide head. The constraints of end-guidance start point are established according to the maximum detection distance of the seeker. The attack path constraints are established according to the geometric relationship between the projectile and the field of view angle of the guide head, and the objective function of minimizing the front angle and the amplitude of the control variables is established. In order to realize the optimal matching of the initial trajectory inclination and declination of the guided missile, the rocket ignition time, the glide start and control time, the guide head opening time and other parameters, a 5-stage ballistic planning model is established. And Simulink is utilized to simulate the guidance process. The design model of three-loop autopilot, the frequency response of the projectile, the proportional guidance system, the Seeker/Tracker subsystem and the Guidance subsystem model design are considered. The final simulation results show that this missile can operate well compared to conventional methods. The simulation system can show good results.
Problems and Countermeasures in the Teaching Staff of MTI in China
Authors: He Ruitang , Zhang Shidong , Joey Z Balsomo
Published: February 2025

The enrollment and development of translation professional degree graduate students is in line with the needs of China's economic and social development. However, in the course of its development, there are still many problems, among which teachers’ problem needs urgent solution. Colleges of nine types of admission cover a wide range of majors and various disciplines such as science, engineering, agriculture, medicine, literature, history, and philosophy, etc. The establishment of translation teachers in various institutions has not been carried out in accordance with the training objectives of the Translation Teaching Committee, namely “high-level, applied, and professional”, resulting in the phenomenon of “two skins”, namely, the goals of the higher education institutions and the specific institutions. The practice is out of step, the combination of theory and practice is not in place, and "one special" and "multiple abilities" do not have a good balance. The reason is that the goal is not well-understood and the execution is weak. To this end, the following countermeasures can be taken: First, training of teachers at a high level, translators need to supplement the corresponding professional knowledge, professional teachers need to add translation theory and skills. Second, is the application of cooperation between production and research, special post for the unqualified teachers. Setting up a translation company in colleges and universities to provide a teaching platform for outsiders with practical abilities but no academic qualifications or professional titles to compensate for the insufficiency of teachers in the school. Third, in terms of professionalism, “The "Translation +” strategy means that translators must have their own majors and integrate translations organically with their professions.
The Land Ethic and Ecomodernism Discipline: Philosophy
Authors: Chen Taowen
Published: February 2025

This essay explores alternative ways of applying the land ethic, a branch of environmental ethics with the supreme deontological principle: “A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community.” The land ethic challenges anthropocentric views by emphasizing the intrinsic value of nature. It also analyzes the welfare of the environment taken as an integral whole instead of considering the sum of individuals’ welfare. By examining the supreme principle of the land ethic more closely, this essay further clarifies that people should practice the land ethic by minimizing effects that reduce the biodiversity of an ecosystem, especially rapid ones. Advocates like J. Baird Callicott and Paul Shepard look for solutions in our pre-agricultural prehistory and argue for a way of life in which people live much closer to the land. But this may not be the sole or the best way of applying the land ethic. This essay introduces ecomodernism as a practical alternative, suggesting that technological advancements can “intensify” human activities to increase efficiency and reduce land use, thereby reducing human reliance on land and resources and minimizing environmental impacts. Surprisingly, by comparing these approaches ecomodernism seems to meet the land ethic’s goal of minimizing environmental impacts at least as effectively as the approach that Callicott and Shepard advocate without necessitating a fundamental restructuring of society.
A Review: Nanoparticles for Drug DeliveryDesign, Development & Therapeutic Application
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, Shivajirao Pawar College of Pharmacy, Pachegaon (Maharashtra), India., Shaikh Mahek M. , Tuwar Ajit B. ,   Department of Pharmacy, Shivajirao Pawar College of Pharmacy, Pachegaon (Maharashtra), India., Salve Dr. Megha T. ,   Department of Pharmacy, Shivajirao Pawar College of Pharmacy, Pachegaon (Maharashtra), India.
Published: February 2025

Nanoscience is now used in many clinical and medical domains, including the treatment of cancer. On the other hand, there are many people who suffer from cancer and its variants, which have been rumored to be inclusive. In actuality, despite the therapeutic impact, patients have uncomfortable side effects from modern treatment procedures like chemotherapy, radiation, etc. To address this serious sickness, researchers and scientists are also trying to develop and improve treatment alternatives and approaches. These days, nanotechnology and nanoscience are widely used. Their various fields, such as nanoparticles, are frequently employed for a variety of purposes, particularly in imaging and drug delivery as well as diagnostic devices. The release of cancer is significantly impacted by release mechanisms centered on nanotechnology [1]. The precision medicine age has led to bottlenecks in traditional medications, including decreased solubility, absorption, and particularly ineffective organ or cell targeting. To address the aforementioned flaws, it is critically necessary to find and implement new techniques or tactics to alter existing medications or develop new ones. Although there are still numerous shortcomings, the solubility, absorption, and targeting of conventional medications have been significantly enhanced with the use of nanotechnology through the modification and fabrication of different kinds of nanoparticles [2].
Exploration of Wind-Wave Energy Potentials for Renewable Energy Development in Parts of Ondo Coastal and Offshore Locations, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors:   Professor, Department of Applied Geophysics, School of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria., Adekunle Enikanselu Pius , Adedoyin Balogun Ahmed ,   Professor, Department of Meteorology and Climate Science, School of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria., Theophilus Ewetumo ,   Associate Professor, Department of Physics, School of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria., A. A. Osinowo  ,   Department of Marine Science, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria., Ogundare Margaret Ojone ,   Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria., Raheemat Ashiru Olusola ,   Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria., Abe James Sunday. ,   Senior Lecturer, Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria., A. S. Ifanegan  ,   Assistant Lecturer, Department of Applied Geophysics, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria., Okunlola Babatande Abraham ,   Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria.
Published: February 2025

The study explored wind-wave energy distribution in parts of Ondo State coastal and offshore locations, Nigeria. This was to identify suitable locations for the deployment of wind turbines and wave energy converters (WEC) for the government’s proposed renewable energy initiative in the area. It involved the use of daily, one-hourly averaged wave height, wave period, and 10 m wind speed data spanning from January 1, 1989, to December 31, 2023, derived from ERA5 reanalysis data sets. The wave height and wave period data were used to compute the wave power density, while the 10 m wind speed data was used to estimate the wind power density. The two-parameter Weibull distribution function with the gamma function was used to compute the wind power density. The threshold condition of wave power density above 6 kW/m and a coefficient of variation below 2.0 was used to determine the relatively rich energy regions of wave power. Also, the wind power classification was used to determine the class of dominant wind power in the area. Results revealed that the wave power varied from 0.01–4.57 kW/m, while the wind power varied from 7.66–83.43 W/m². The southwestern part of the study area (offshore) exhibited the largest wind power density. The studied locations were adjudged unsuitable for large-scale wind-wave energy generation. The energy potentials could only be adequate for non-grid-connected electrical and mechanical applications. However, probing deeper offshore could detect bankable regions of wind-wave energy deposits.
The Neural Mechanisms Linking Social Exclusion and Aggression: Research Progress and Review
Authors: Bu Xueqing
Published: February 2025

This study summarizes the research on the neural mechanisms underlying social exclusion and aggression, exploring the potential bidirectional neural connections between them, including both direct and indirect pathways. Based on previous findings and the functional organization of brain structures, this study proposes five potential bidirectional indirect neural circuits linking social exclusion and aggression. There are indirect links between the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) through important brain areas like the cingulate cortex, hippocampus, insula, striatum, and nucleus accumbens. This provides new insights into understanding the neural mechanisms linking social exclusion and aggression while offering directions for future research and intervention practices.
Feminist Perspectives in Contemporary Chinese Media: A Comparison of She and Her Girls and Beyond the Clouds
Authors: Jin Tianxue
Published: February 2025

In today's society, the development and awakening of feminism has greatly influenced the dissemination of mass media and the development of film and television works. The film and media works under the influence of feminism are gradually moving towards two different aspects. The thesis focuses on feminist works in new media, and through qualitative analysis and comparative analysis of the plot structure, character portrayal and audience acceptance of the two TV series She and Her Girls and the film Beyond the Clouds, which are adapted from the real-life story of China's headmistress Zhang Guimei, who set up a girl's school to help girls to get out of the mountains, the the thesis discovers the different interpretations of feminism and women's strength in the new media films and TV works and analyses the audience acceptance of these two films with the same subject matter.We will also analyse the reasons for the audience's opposite attitudes towards these two works with the same subject matter, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of their impact on the development of the current film and media industry and the public's social awareness of feminism, in order to explore how to build up a feminist work in the new medFeminism, women's awakening, new media film and television, Chinese feminist works.
Exploring the Psychological Mechanisms of Micro-Series Addiction
Authors: Jiang Lu
Published: February 2025

Based on audience preferences for short videos with rapid pace and plot twists, micro-series characterized by their brief, exhilarating, and refined content have shown explosive growth. At the same time, they have also led to considerable viewer addiction. This paper aims to explore the psychological mechanisms behind this addiction to micro-series. Using case study analysis, it examines three representative works in China's micro-series industry: "Hi, Mom," "Auntie'sWorld," and "Twenty-Nine." It analyzes why these series attract audiences through character settings, plot design, and creative techniques. To foster a healthy and sustainable development of the micro-series field, this paper suggests that future efforts should focus on strengthening industry regulation, implementing anti-addiction measures for youth, and enhancing the overall quality of industry creators.
Research on the Obstacles and Methods of the Implementation of High School English Teaching According to Aptitude under the Background of Chinese Education Model
Authors: Yao Weiru
Published: February 2025

Implementing high school English teaching according to student's abilities in China's education model has been the subject of considerable attention. However, in practice, there are still several deficiencies that serve to limit the improvement of teaching quality and students' personalized development. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the current challenges impeding the implementation of high school English teaching according to students' abilities and offers constructive solutions to overcome these obstacles. The analysis reveals that the primary impediments to the implementation of high school English teaching according to student's abilities are the unequal distribution of educational resources, teachers' inadequate understanding of students' differences, and the limitations of the conventional examination-based education model on the concept of teaching according to student's abilities. These factors collectively impede the realization of truly individualized instruction in high school English and prevent the fulfillment of diverse learners' educational needs. In light of the aforementioned considerations, this paper proposes the following recommendations: firstly, an increase in investment in educational resources is essential to optimize the allocation of resources; secondly, teachers should adopt diversified teaching means and methods; and finally, the establishment of a more scientific and comprehensive evaluation system is necessary to encourage students to develop their personalities and strengths, thus creating a more relaxed and favorable environment for teaching according to student's abilities.
Gender Differences in Behavioral Bias and Influencing Investment Decisions
Authors: Feng Xinhui
Published: February 2025

This study explores the impact of behavioral biases in gender differences on investment decisions through a literature review and case study. The traditional theoretical assumption in finance is that investors are rational. They are able to make optimal decisions based on all available information. However, real investors are often influenced by emotions, biases, and cognitive errors that lead to irrational decisions. Therefore, researchers have introduced psychological studies into traditional finance. Psychological studies have shown that people are often influenced by cognitive biases in the decision-making process. These biases are particularly significant on investment decisions, such as overconfidence bias, overreaction bias, regret avoidance bias, self-attribution bias, framing effect bias, and reference point bias. Behavioral finance assumes that individual investment decisions are imperfectly rational. It has been found that gender differences have a significant impact in behavioral biases, thereby affecting the behavioral decisions of investors. Among these common cognitive biases, risk aversion, overconfidence, anchoring effect, and loss aversion are more significant for gender differences in investment decisions.
A Study on the Compatibility Between Traditional Chinese Moral Values and the Values of Scientific Socialism
Authors: Du Hanyu
Published: February 2025

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed the significant assertion that "the core values of excellent traditional Chinese culture are highly compatible with the values of scientific socialism." The moral values embedded in China's excellent traditional culture exhibit a high degree of compatibility with the values advocated by scientific socialism in multiple aspects, primarily reflected in their characteristic manifestations, content expression, and practical orientation. In terms of fundamental characteristics, both demonstrate an interwoven relationship between independence and inclusiveness, an integration of continuity and development, as well as a coexistence of national identity and global vision. Regarding key content, they are inherently aligned in their views on moral ontology, moral objectives, and moral principles. In terms of practical orientation, the construction of the "Four Virtues" in contemporary Chinese society can effectively draw upon the methodological connotations embedded in traditional Chinese moral values. Under the guidance of these traditional moral values, the high-quality development of socialist moral construction can be further promoted.
VR user experience prediction based on swarm intelligence optimization algorithm to optimize transformer model
Authors: Jiang Qianwen , Yoon Jae Eun
Published: February 2025

This article optimizes the transformer model based on swarm intelligence optimization algorithm to enhance the predictive ability of users' virtual reality (VR) experience. By analyzing the accuracy and loss value changes of the training set, we found that the model showed significant improvement during the training process. Specifically, the accuracy of the training set gradually increased from 62.74% to 86.94% and stabilized; At the same time, the loss value also decreased from 0.71 to 0.37, showing a good convergence trend. This indicates that the model effectively captures important features in the data during the learning process, thereby improving its predictive performance. Further analyzing the confusion matrix of the training set, we can see that 552 VR immersive predictions are correct, while 92 have errors. Among them, 55 instances that should have been predicted as Level 1 immersion were mistakenly classified as Level 2 immersion, while 37 instances that should have been Level 2 immersion were incorrectly predicted as Level 1. This reflects the confusion of the model in certain categories, despite achieving an overall accuracy of 85.69%. On the test set, 230 predicted results were correct, while 45 were not. Among them, 29 instances that should have been level 1 immersion were misclassified as level 2, and 16 instances that should have been level 2 immersion were misclassified as level 1, resulting in an accuracy rate of 83.63% on the test set. In addition, by outputting the ROC curve of the test set with an AUC value of 0.829, it further proves that the model has good classification performance. In summary, this study significantly improved the accuracy of transformer models in predicting VR experiences through swarm intelligence optimization algorithms. This achievement not only validates the effectiveness of swarm intelligence technology in complex data processing, but also provides new ideas and methods for future related fields. With the development of virtual reality technology, accurate prediction of user experience will help improve product design and service quality, thereby promoting the development of the entire industry.
The Application of a Backpropagation Neural Network for the Prediction of the New York Stock Exchange
Authors: Yu Huashu
Published: February 2025

Stocks have significantly impacted the market over the past century. Nevertheless, the domain of stock market prediction has consistently been perceived as a prospective yet predominantly ineffectual discipline. At the same time, artificial intelligence networks offer distinct advantages in data processing. Numerous scholars are convinced that artificial intelligence networks are instrumental in enhancing the accuracy of stock market predictions. Furthermore, they have effectively implemented sophisticated algorithms, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), in the domain of stock market forecasting. In this study, we employ a backpropagation neural network to predict stock prices on the New York Stock Exchange, evaluating its accuracy across different neural network node configurations and datasets. Upon inputting data varying in magnitude, we yielded mean squared errors (MSEs) corresponding to diverse scales. In summary, we successfully predicted stock market trends, identifying instances of overfitting and underfitting, as well as the conditions for precise forecasting.
Feasibility Analysis of Interstellar Travel from Earth to Kepler-22b Planet - Based on Time Dilation
Authors: Lyu Anji
Published: February 2025

Amidst the current challenges facing Earth, such as resource scarcity, unsustainable population growth, and climate change, this paper explores the potential for interplanetary travel, specifically assessing the feasibility of reducing travel time from Earth to another habitable planet, Kepler-22b. By adopting the Python programming language to validate the feasibility of interplanetary travel between Earth and Kepler-22b, the research demonstrates that applying the time dilation theory has the possibility to reduce travel time significantly. The findings suggest that the spacecraft would need to approach the speed of light, with acceleration reaching approximately 200 m/s, which is 20 times greater than that of Earths gravity. Consequently, the time used in the spaceship can be 40% of the time taken on the Earth.
Evaluation and influencing factors of Nitrogen Flow Efficiency in Taihu River Basin
Authors: Zhang Jixiang , Qiu Xinyu
Published: February 2025

Scientifically quantifying and analyzing the nitrogen flow efficiency and its influencing factors in the Taihu Lake basin is of great significance to promote its pollution management and green development. Twenty-one municipalities in the Lake Tai basin were selected as the research objects from 2018 to 2022, and the Super-SBM model was used to reveal the changing characteristics of the nitrogen flow efficiency in the Lake Tai basin from 2 perspectives, namely static and dynamic, and the key factors affecting the nitrogen flow efficiency of the basin were explored through the Tobit model. The results show that (1) from 2018 to 2022, the overall nitrogen flow efficiency of the Lake Tai basin is at a low level, and there is still a large space for nitrogen reduction potential. (2) In terms of dynamic efficiency, the Malmquist trend indicates that the overall trend of nitrogen flow efficiency in the Lake Tai Basin is favorable, and that technological progress remains an important driving force to promote the improvement of nitrogen flow efficiency in the Lake Tai Basin. (3) In terms of influencing factors, environmental regulation and energy structure show positive and significant effects in improving the nitrogen flow efficiency of the basin. Finally, from the commonalities and differences, relevant policy suggestions for improving the efficiency of nitrogen flow in the basin are proposed.
Exploration of Drug-Target Interaction Against Gastric Cancer-Derived Exosomes Using a Predicted GPX4 Protein Structure Based on AlphaFold2
Authors: Dong Xiaolu
Published: February 2025

The gastric cancer-derived extracellular vesicle miR-431-5p can induce ferroptosis in gastric cancer cells by downregulating the levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4, thereby inhibiting the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. Currently, drug design based on this mechanism is not yet fully developed. Therefore, focusing on the critical ferroptosis inhibition target GPX4 within this pathway, we utilized emerging AI tools for complete protein prediction and drug design. We used AlphaFold2 to predict the complete protein structure of GPX4, visualized its model using PyMOL, and analyzed its binding sites. Based on the existing drug-binding model, we then performed molecular docking with the predicted GPX4 protein using AutoDock Vina. Compared with existing models, we found that the drug-binding sites differed, which warrants further experimental analysis to explore the reasons behind these differences. This study suggests that using AI tools to assist in drug design is feasible and offers reference value for future drug development.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing: Status, Challenges and Directions
Authors: Yan Hua
Published: February 2025

With the convergence of communication and radar technologies, Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) is expected to be a pivotal focus area for future 6G networks. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology plays a crucial role in enabling ISAC. This paper examines the fundamental principles of OFDM, its applications in terahertz ISAC systems, related advancements such as Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS), and its potential integration into future air-space-ground networks. While OFDM technology demonstrates significant promise, it also presents several challenges. To address these, researchers have proposed various enhancement strategies. This study offers valuable insights to guide the future development of OFDM technology.
Adolescent Data Privacy Protection and Threats in the Digital Age
Authors: Fu Zijun
Published: February 2025

In the current era of rapid development of information technology and the widespread use of the internet by adolescents, data privacy issues have become increasingly prominent. This paper centers on exploring the challenges adolescents face regarding data privacy in the digital age, highlighting the importance and main threats of protecting adolescent data privacy. Using both qualitative and quantitative research methods, the paper analyzes cases and current situations of adolescent privacy breaches. The main research question focuses on the primary threats to adolescent data privacy in the online environment and whether existing privacy protection measures are effective. Ultimately, based on the research findings, the paper puts forward strategies to enhance the protection of adolescent privacy. Research indicates that social media platforms, mobile applications, and third-party data collection entities constitute significant sources of data breaches affecting adolescents. This research aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers, technology developers, and educators to create a safer digital environment for adolescents.
Artificial Intelligence Applications in Software Testing
Authors: Cen Ye
Published: February 2025

Software testing plays a critical role in ensuring the reliability, functionality, and performance of software systems. However, traditional testing methods often fall short in addressing the demands of modern complex applications due to their limited scalability and adaptability. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in software testing, providing tools for automation, defect prediction, and test optimization. This article explores the application of AI in software testing, emphasizing its role in enhancing test coverage, reducing human intervention, and enabling self-healing testing frameworks. AI techniques such as machine learning and deep learning have been employed to predict defects, generate intelligent test cases, and optimize resource allocation. Despite these advancements, challenges such as data quality, integration complexity, and algorithm transparency persist. This paper also discusses future directions, highlighting AI's capacity to reshape the software testing landscape through continuous innovation and technological integration,making testing processes more robust, adaptive, and efficient.
AI Painting and Innovation: Exploring the Future of Creativity, Ethics, and Enterprise in the Digital Age
Authors: Yang Lin
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence painting technology represents a novel AI tool that aids individuals in streamlining their creative processes. By providing descriptive text, users can prompt the computer to automatically interpret and produce artwork on similar themes but in various styles. This innovation reduces certain repetitive manual tasks, making it appealing to numerous businesses. Presently, AI painting is demonstrating its distinct efficacy and has started to influence the innovation landscape in businesses. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how artificial intelligence painting affects innovation in businesses. This will be done by looking at the creative principles that are behind AI-generated art, comparing the works of humans and AI, examining copyright issues that are connected to AI art, and understanding how society views this technology. Additionally, it will offer several considerations for businesses as they navigate current technological advancements, assisting stakeholders in objectively assessing the future of both AI painting and enterprise innovation.
A review of the p-type doping method of beta-gallium oxide
Authors: Yin Bowen
Published: February 2025

With the development of power electronics, novel material for high power density, high response frequency, and extreme environment endurance is always needed. Beta-gallium oxide (-GaO), an ultra-wide band gap (UWBG) material, has gained significant attention for its potential in next-generation power electronics due to its remarkable physical properties. However, it is challenging for it to achieve an effective p-type conductivity for practical application due to its intrinsic properties. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current methods for addressing this challenge, focusing on the demonstration and comparison among single element doping, co-doping, and heterojunction approaches.Overall, While doping is still insufficient to achieve practical p-type conductivity, heterojunction technology seems positive. For the time being, while significant challenges remain, ongoing advancements in p-type doping strategies and heterojunction technologies provide a clear path for future research to investigate. With continuous innovation, -GaO can become a concrete foundation for next-generation electronic devices.
Survey of Research on Network Security Situation Awareness Technology Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Chen Siming
Published: February 2025

As the development of progress of the cyberization, the networking environment is becoming increasingly complex. Therefore, normal passive defense technology has been unable to meet the need for basic cybersecurity. Nowadays, network security situational awareness active defense technology based on machine learning has become one of the key research topics in the field of cybersecurity. According to the model classification, three types of techniques will be discussed separately situation analysis of network security based on improved SKNet-SVM, network security situation assessment based on GA-Light and network security situation prediction based on Radial Basis Function neural network, draw schematic diagrams for these three types of technologies based on the literature, explain the workflow of these three types of technologies through schematic diagrams and the advantages and disadvantages of the three will be summarized. In the end, the current flaws in the field and will be analyzed. Meanwhile, suggestions for future development directions will be provided.
Advances and Applications in Fully Homomorphic Encryption Research
Authors: Zhao Dikai
Published: February 2025

With the rapid advancement of information technology and the widespread adoption of cloud computing, data security and privacy protection have increasingly become global priorities. In this context, Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) has emerged as a sophisticated encryption technology capable of performing arbitrary computations on encrypted data without the need for decryption, thereby attracting significant interest from both academia and industry. Initially proposed by Rivest et al. in 1978 and practically realized by Gentry in 2009, FHE has evolved through four generations of schemes, each introducing novel construction methods and optimization techniques to enhance security and computational efficiency. Central to modern FHE schemes are lattice-based hard problems such as Learning with Errors (LWE) and Ring-Learning with Errors (RLWE), which provide robust resistance against quantum computing attacks. Additionally, advancements in optimizing the bootstrapping process and exploring hierarchical structures have further improved the practicality and performance of FHE. FHE applications span diverse fields, including cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain technology, demonstrating its immense potential in ensuring data privacy and facilitating secure computations. However, FHE still faces significant challenges related to computational efficiency, implementation complexity, and application scalability. Future research directions aim to enhance computational performance, broaden application scenarios, strengthen security measures, simplify implementation processes, and develop multi-modal and hybrid encryption schemes. Through a comprehensive review of FHE's development, current progress, applications, and challenges, this paper seeks to provide researchers and engineers with a thorough understanding of the FHE landscape, thereby promoting its continued advancement and practical utilization.
Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysts with Dual-active Sites
Authors: Huang Yaxuan
Published: February 2025

With the continuous development of society, human demand for energy is constantly increasing, and the greenhouse gas emissions and global warming caused by the use of fossil fuels are becoming extremely serious. Therefore, developing low-carbon emission renewable energy is crucial. Hydrogen energy is considered one of the green energy sources, but currently the efficiency of water electrolysis for hydrogen production is not high, especially in the design and optimization of catalysts, which need further research. This review focuses on the current dual site catalytic strategies in water splitting catalysis. By comparing and analyzing the latest research progress, it explores the application of dual site catalysts with ruthenium, copper, iron, and cobalt as the core in water oxidation reactions. In particular, the article emphasizes methods to improve catalytic performance by changing ligands and doping heterogeneous elements, designing hetero nuclear and multi nuclear metals, and other strategies. Research has found that the multi-site synergistic effect of dual site catalysts reveals O-O bond formation mechanisms beyond the classical WNA and I2M pathways, which helps to understand the catalytic processes in natural photosynthesis. This article not only provides a new perspective for the design of homogeneous water oxidation catalysts, but also lays the foundation for the development of heterogeneous catalysts that can be applied in industry. The research conclusion indicates that this strategy can play a similar role in improving other energy related catalytic applications such as oxygen reduction and carbon dioxide reduction, and has broad practical application value.
The Crucial Role of Lightweight Design in the Evolution of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Wang Guancheng
Published: February 2025

This essay explores the importance of lightweight design in enhancing the efficiency, range, and performance of electric vehicles (EVs) amidst a global shift towards sustainable transportation. As policies increasingly demand reduced carbon footprints, EV manufacturers like Tesla, BMW, and Lucid Motors use innovative lightweight materials and technologies to improve their vehicles' capabilities. The essay examines key advancements such as Tesla's "tabless" 4680 battery, which increases energy density and efficiency through a novel design that reduces internal resistance and improves cooling. It also discusses BMW's use of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) in the i3s chassis, significantly cutting weight while maintaining structural integrity. Furthermore, Lucid Motors' innovative use of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (IPMSMs) showcases the potential for lighter and more efficient motor technology, contributing to greater overall vehicle efficiency. Despite encountering obstacles such as elevated production expenses, these advances illustrate the enduring advantages of lightweight design in realizing sustainable, high-performance electric vehicles, thereby facilitating a more sustainable future in transportation.
A Review of the Methanol to Olefin Process
Authors: Li Zishuo
Published: February 2025

This study examines the evolution and strategic significance of the Methanol-to-Olefins (MTO) process, an autonomous technological innovation that efficiently produces ethylene and propylene derivatives. The process, which emerged during the 1980s, stems from seminal research in methanol conversion methodologies, particularly building upon the 1977 Methanol-to-Gasoline (MTG) protocol. Serendipitous findings regarding hydrocarbon formations within the MTG gasoline fraction catalyzed substantial advancements in methanol conversion technologies. The analysis underscores the pivotal role of the UOP/Hydro methodology utilizing SAPO-34 catalysis, which has emerged as the industry-standard approach in olefin synthesis. Through comprehensive examination of reaction kinetics and UOP operational frameworks, this investigation illuminates the technological breakthroughs and industrial applications that have established the MTO process as a cornerstone of chemical manufacturing. Moreover, the study conducts a thorough economic analysis of MTO processes, evaluating their market competitiveness against conventional naphtha cracking methodologies. The research also explores the integration of sustainable feedstock alternatives within the MTO framework, highlighting potential pathways for environmentally conscious production strategies aligned with global sustainability initiatives.