bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The contribution of energy systems during 15-second sprint exercise in athletes of different sports specializations
Authors: Archacki Damian , Zieliński Jacek , Pospieszna Barbara , Włodarczyk Michał , Kusy Krzysztof
Published: August 2024

Background

Long-term adaptations and ongoing training seem to modify the energy system contribution in highly trained individuals. We aimed to compare the energy metabolism profile during sprint exercise in athletes of different specialties.

Methods

Endurance (n = 17, 20.3 ± 6.0 yrs), speed-power (n = 14, 20.3 ± 2.5 yrs), and mixed (n = 19, 23.4 ± 4.8 yrs) athletes performed adapted 15-second all-out test before and after a general preparation training period. The contribution of phosphagen, glycolytic, and aerobic systems was calculated using the three-component PCr-LA-O2 method.

Results

Between-group differences were observed in the contribution of energy systems in the first and second examinations. The proportions were 47:41:12 in endurance, 35:57:8 in team sports, and 45:48:7 in speed-power athletes. Endurance athletes differed in the phosphagen (p < 0.001) and glycolytic systems (p = 0.006) from team sports and in the aerobic system from speed-power athletes (p = 0.003). No substantial shifts were observed after the general preparatory phase, except a decrease in aerobic energy contribution in team sports athletes (p = 0.048).

Conclusion

Sports specialization and metabolic profile influence energy system contribution during sprint exercise. Highly trained athletes show a stable energy profile during the general preparation phase, indicative of long-term adaptation, rather than immediate training effects.
Long-term passage impacts human dental pulp stem cell activities and cell response to drug addition in vitro
Authors: Patntirapong Somying , Khankhow Juthaluck , Julamorn Sikarin
Published: August 2024

Background

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) possess mesenchymal stem cell characteristics and have potential for cell-based therapy. Cell expansion is essential to achieve sufficient cell numbers. However, continuous cell replication causes cell aging in vitro, which usually accompanies and potentially affect DPSC characteristics and activities. Continuous passaging could alter susceptibility to external factors such as drug treatment. Therefore, this study sought to investigate potential outcome of in vitro passaging on DPSC morphology and activities in the absence or presence of external factor.

Methods

Human DPSCs were subcultured until reaching early passages (P5), extended passages (P10), and late passages (P15). Cells were evaluated and compared for cell and nuclear morphologies, cell adhesion, proliferative capacity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and gene expressions in the absence or presence of external factor. Alendronate (ALN) drug treatment was used as an external factor.

Results

Continuous passaging of DPSCs gradually lost their normal spindle shape and increased in cell and nuclear sizes. DPSCs were vulnerable to ALN. The size and shape were altered, leading to morphological abnormality and inhomogeneity. Long-term culture and ALN interfered with cell adhesion. DPSCs were able to proliferate irrespective of cell passages but the rate of cell proliferation in late passages was slower. ALN at moderate dose inhibited cell growth. ALN caused reduction of ALP activity in early passage. In contrast, extended passage responded differently to ALN by increasing ALP activity. Late passage showed higher collagen but lower osteocalcin gene expressions compared with early passage in the presence of ALN.

Conclusion

An increase in passage number played critical role in cell morphology and activities as well as responses to the addition of an external factor. The effects of cell passage should be considered when used in basic science research and clinical applications.
Broad-scale ecological niches of pathogens vectored by the ticks Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum in North America
Authors: Alkishe Abdelghafar , Cobos Marlon E. , Peterson A. Townsend
Published: August 2024

Environmental dimensions, such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, and vegetation type, influence the activity, survival, and geographic distribution of tick species. Ticks are vectors of various pathogens that cause disease in humans, and Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum are among the tick species that transmit pathogens to humans across the central and eastern United States. Although their potential geographic distributions have been assessed broadly via ecological niche modeling, no comprehensive study has compared ecological niche signals between ticks and tick-borne pathogens. We took advantage of National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) data for these two tick species and associated bacteria pathogens across North America. We used two novel statistical tests that consider sampling and absence data explicitly to perform these explorations: a univariate analysis based on randomization and resampling, and a permutational multivariate analysis of variance. Based on univariate analyses, in Amblyomma americanum, three pathogens (Borrelia lonestari, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and E. ewingii) were tested; pathogens showed nonrandom distribution in at least one environmental dimension. Based on the PERMANOVA test, the null hypothesis that the environmental position and variation of pathogen-positive samples are equivalent to those of A. americanum could not be rejected for any of the pathogens, except for the pathogen E. ewingii in maximum and minimum vapor pressure and minimum temperature. For Ixodes scapularis, six pathogens (A. phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, B. mayonii, B. miyamotoi, and Ehrlichia muris-like) were tested; only B. miyamotoi was not distinct from null expectations in all environmental dimensions, based on univariate tests. In the PERMANOVA analyses, the pathogens departed from null expectations for B. microti and B. burgdorferi sensu lato, with smaller niches in B. microti, and larger niches in B. burgdorferi sensu lato, than the vector. More generally, this study shows the value of large-scale data resources with consistent sampling methods, and known absences of key pathogens in particular samples, for answering public health questions, such as the relationship of presence and absence of pathogens in their hosts respect to environmental conditions.
Effect of time and temperature on the proximate and sensory parameter of roasted beef (suya).
Authors: Adomeh Evelyn Evanono , Ogbeifun N.E.
Published: August 2024

In this study, different time and temperature effect were examined on the proximate and sensory parameter of roasted beef (suya). The proximate composition, and sensory evaluation (appearance, tenderness, juiciness, flavour and overall acceptability) of the meat roasted using different time and temperature were assessed. Two kilograms of beef-round from a freshly slaughtered cow was used for the study. The meat was trimmed, cut into small pieces weighing 250g was cured manually with experimental ingredients before roasting with Century Electric Oven at different time that is 40, 50, 60 and 70 minutes at temperature of 250, 230, 210 and 1900C respectively, with groundnut oil sprinkled intermittently.
Phytochemical and microbiological analysis of developed freeze dried watermelon and tomato powder
Authors: Chauhan Neha , Antarkar Surbhi
Published: August 2024

Fruits and vegetables are the prominent source of various nutrients as well as phytochemicals. Due to their higher water activity, they are prone to deterioration.The present study was conducted to prepare freeze dried powder mix of Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) and Tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill).Freeze drying or lyophilization is a method of food dehydration to make high quality food products without altering their colour, texture, flavour and nutritive contents. In this study, the phytochemical (qualitative and quantitative),microbiological and antioxidant capacity and lycopene content have been evaluated. For this analysis the variations of 10%,20%,30%,40% and 50% were prepared. Result shows a gradual increase in TPC, antioxidant capacity and lycopene content. The microbiological (bacterial and fungal) load for each variation was found to be constant for 45 days during 15 days interval.
A spatio-temporal analysis of land use pattern and land use changes in Rajasthan.
Authors: Yadav Subhash Chandra
Published: August 2024

Land use planning is a strategic planning exercise to enhance the future potentialof the agricultural sector andachieve augmented growth through judicious management of land. The present paper expresses the Spatio-temporal pattern of land-use in Rajasthan during 1960-61 to 2017-18 periods. The objective of the present paper is to find out the land use in different categories and the trend of variations so that the characteristics of land utilization may be analyzed for future planning. The study examines trends of variations in land use patterns in districts of Rajasthan and provides policy implications for future planning. The proportion of net sown area in the state has increased significantly from 38.7 percent in 1960-61 to 52.21 percent in 2017-18. Forest acreage has increased considerably from 2.4 percent in 1960-61 to 8.03 percent of the reporting area in 2017-18 while barren and un-cultivable land declined from 15.2 percent to 6.95 percent over the period of time. Current Fallows and Fallow Land other than Current Fallow have significantly decreased in the same time period.
Public Distribution System in Sikkim: A Comparative Analysis with North Eastern States of India
Authors: Tamang Pragya , Rizal Praveen
Published: August 2024

Public Distribution System (PDS) is a food subsidy mechanism ensuring everyday essential food and non-food items such as rice, wheat, sugar and kerosene at a subsidised rate and also to insulate poor from rising market prices. In Sikkim, Public Distribution System started in 1978 and was further strengthened by introducing Targeted Public Distribution System(TPDS) in 1997 mainly focusing on the poor. North-Eastern states are geographically isolated and majority of the people have low economic status so Public Distribution System plays a significant role for the sustenance of their livelihood and hence it is important to have a transparency in the systemand not letting the poor one’s sleep empty stomach.The present paper intends to study the comparative analysis of Public Distribution System (PDS) in North Eastern states of India and its effectiveness in Sikkim. The secondary data has been collected from Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public distribution. The collected data has been analyzedby usingpercentage method and ratio analysis. The result of the study discloses that there is a wide gap between the ratio ofration card holders in Tripura(0.22) and Nagaland (0.13) and ratio of beneficiaries between Mizoram (0.98) and Meghalaya (0.30). Tripurais setting a good example in terms of effectiveness of Public Distribution System and has become first state among all the North Eastern states to offer intra state portability to beneficiaries where they can buy grains from any fair price shops in the state thereby making the system flexible. In Sikkim, the maximum number ofpeople deriving benefits from Public Distribution System are from Priority Household (PHH) category. In North Sikkim, there is a need to increase the number of fair price shops as such one fair price shop is looking after a huge number of beneficiaries.
Land use / land cover change detection analysis through geospatial technology in Jhansi district of Bundelkhand region
Authors: Kumar Neetesh , Singh Jagadish
Published: August 2024

The term Land Use relates tothe human activity associated with specific of land for example areas under settlement, agriculture, forest, vegetation etc. The cumulative pressure on land for food and wood, the natural balance of soil and environment is affected by deforestation activities which causes serious problem of land degradation. The present study is focused on the changing Land Use / Land Cover practices. “These land use and land cover data are very important for land resource management, planners, and decision makers” (Ndukwe, 1997). In this study has been studied Land use / Land cover change detection of Jhansi district over a period of 12 years. Landsat TM and Landsat ETM + data from U S Geological Survey (1996, 2008) and Survey of India toposheets (2006) have been used for the delineation of classes and district boundary. A study of spatial and temporal changes in Land use / Land cover (LULC) is conducted using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. ArcGIS 9.3 and ERDAS Imagine 9.2 interface were used for preparing LULC and change detection. The study area is categorized into eight foremost LULC classes viz., built-up land, cropland, fallow land, dense forest and open forest, barren land, sandbar, water bodies. Land use / land cover is very important aspects of land management and development planning of any region. There for, it has broadly been explained and considered as a very imperative element of physical input for agricultural development and land use sustainability.
Perception of Pastoralists on Dairy Production Technologies in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Williams S. O. , Agboola A. , Famakinwa M
Published: August 2024

This paper assessed the perception of pastoralists on the introduced Dairy Production Technologies (DPTs) in Oyo State, Nigeria. It specifically identified DPTs introduced to the pastoralists and examined their perceptions towards the DPTs. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 216 respondents from 27 pastoral communities across two Dairy Development Programme (DDP) operating locations in the study area. Interview schedule was used for quantitative data collection while in-depth interview and Focus Group Discussion Guides were used to elicit qualitative information. Data were analysed through Software Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 and summarized using means, percentages, frequency counts and standard deviations while Pearson correlation analysis was used to draw inferences on hypothesis. The results showed almost all the respondents indicated they were aware of all the DPTs introduced to them except animal healthrecord. Pastoralists’ perception varied with respect to each of the technological components, however, majority of the respondents (77.3 %) showed indifferentperceptionto DPTs. Also, positive and significant relationship existed between pastoralists’ householdsize (r = 0.768), age (r = 0.264), dairy years of experience (r = 0.248) and their perception of the DPTs.It is recommended that the concerns of pastoralists on ‘uncertainties/risk’ and ‘cost’ should be addressed if dairy development efforts are to be meaningfulamong the pastoralists in Nigeria.
Cladocera as a substitute for Artemiaas live feed in aquaculture practices: a review
Authors: Chakraborty Souraditya , Mallick Priyanka Halder
Published: August 2024

Rearing larval forms of fishes is a crucial and critical step in aquaculture practices. Proper nurturing of juvenile forms is important to ensure their survival and growth. Supplementary feeds have been used since long to augment growth and productivity of fishes throughout the world. Despite, availability of a variety of advanced artificial feeds; zooplanktons have been preferred over artificial feeds for their qualities like: better digestibility, nutritional levels, preference by fish larvae and economic feasibility, especially for rearing young fin and shell fish species. Conventionally, Artemiasp. (brine shrimps) has been preferred among live feed organisms for rearing of fish larvae, but, applicability of cladocerans has been less explored despite their several beneficial features. Studies have reported most cladocerans species (esp., Moinasp. and Daphnia sp.) are nutritionally rich comprising of a variety of essential fatty acids, amino acids, digestive enzymes and micronutrients etc. Being an important component of trophic structure in water bodies, they form a link between different trophic levels through food chain relationships, ensuring nutrient dynamics. Their small size and jerky movements make them attractive to larval fish forms. Moreover, their cost effective culture process can be an efficient, feasible, economical and sustainable alternative to comparatively costlier and less abundant Artemiafeed. This article endeavours to review and highlight theefficiency of cladocerans over Artemiafeed for providing a viable and sustainable diet in commercial aquaculture practice.
Influence of Monsoon on quality of water in lakes of Chota Nagpur plateau, North Eastern India
Authors: Lal Amrita , Lal Namita
Published: August 2024

Indian agricultural, politicaland social structure is hugely impacted by the variability in monsoon. In recent times, unprecedented irregularities have been witnessed by Indian Metrological Department (IMD). Lakes and natural reservoirs in plateau are extremely dependent on monsoon, therefore, minimum alteration also translates in huge deviation in quality of water. In this study, an attempt has been made to examine alteration in quality of water during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon. It was also assured that how population and urbanization impact monsoon runoff and change in physicochemical characteristics. Two lakes, namely Kanke lake and Ranchi lake were selected due to its urban and semi-urban localization, respectively. Physicochemical characteristics were examined accordingto APHA guidelines. Our results indicated significant alteration (p<0.05) in pH (7.32±0.17), DO (4.27±0.47 mg/l), and phosphate (0.19±0.01 mg/l) of Kanke lake post-monsoon. Whereas, minimum significant alteration was observed in Ranchi lake post-monsoon. Level of DO (10.39±0.44) significantly changed (p<0.05) in Ranchi lake following depletion in monsoon. However, level of hardness and BOD altered significantly (p<0.05) comparing to pre-monsoon during both monsoon and post-monsoon. Monsoon impacted physicochemical properties of both lakes, however, more alteration was evident in Kanke lake comparing to Ranchi lake. Eutrophication in both lakes were observed due to potential anthropogenic acidification. This study observed that semi-urban lakes are more vulnerable to encroachment and eutrophication comparing to urban lakes.
Floristicstudies on somerare plants in Western Ghats ofNasik District, M. S.
Authors: Sangale M. P. , Kshirsagar S.R. , Shinde H. P.
Published: August 2024

The presentstudy deals with taxonomical aspects along with the observation regarding threats, flowering and fruiting period, precise locations of some rare plants of Western Ghats in Nasik District of Maharashtra. Extensive field visitsand botanical excursionswere conducted during period of investigation i. e. from 2013-2019 inand aroundthe forest area of Nashik district. The major areas that were explored during study are mainly forest pockets and hills regions of Trimbakeshwar, Brahmhagiri mountains, Anjaneri hills, Adwadi hills, Sinnar and environs hilly ranges, Kelzar hilly areas, Mulher, Salher, etc.During the study: more than 150species of rare plantsbelonging to 46families were recorded.The probable reasons that were observedfrom the decrease of rare plant species population are destruction of natural habitats due to increasing illegal acquiring of forest land, massive deforestation and rapid urbanization. Also,ex-situ conservationof some plant species within the college botanical garden was attempted. However: the present study highlights an effective and purposeful conservation strategyto be adopted forthe sustainable use and conservation of important rare plants in the region.
Environmental Impact Assessment from the Emission of Combined Natural Gas Cycle Power Plant
Authors: Ghosh A. , Chakraborty Partha S. , Balakannan K.
Published: August 2024

This research paper analysedthe potential environmental impact of natural gas power generation in the surrounding area. The main purposeof this study is to determine the present environmental condition, to study the activities related to the project and to assess the possible environmental impacts due to these specific activities.Thermal power plants have a significant impact on the environment during construction and operation phase.The major environmental disciplines include surface and ground water hydrology, meteorology, air quality, water quality, noise, terrestrial and aquatic ecology.The flue gas emitted from the chimney of powerplant is the main source of air pollution. The emittedflue gas will determine how much impact it has on the environment.The power plant produce electricity using natural gas as fueland natural gas does not contain any sulphur contents. The main pollutants are nitrous oxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM), COfrom exhaust gas coming out from the turbine through stack and their qualities are well underneath National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Noise and Vibration in the examination region is assed to be minor because of plant activity and doesn't affect on neighbourhood faunal species. Weighty metal fixations in the ground water found underneath as far as possible and water is suitable for using domestic and irrigation purpose. The analysis revealed that surface water quality is suitable for aquatic flora and fauna. Study also indicates that power plant has no negative impact on climatic condition, air quality and aquatic eco system.
Traditional rain water harvesting systems in Rajasthan: water resources conservation and its sustainable management –a review.
Authors: Yadav Subhash Chandra
Published: August 2024

Communities all over the world have been endowed with the wisdom ofindigenous technologiesto collectthe rain where it falls, so one can find such structures all around the world. The region of western Rajasthan in India faces frequent droughts and an acute shortagesof water. This has compelled the local peopleto incorporate mechanisms to conserve water in their everyday life. These traditional methods have been developed over centuries and reflect the accumulated wisdom of many generations. An attempt has been made in this paper to undertake a detailed investigation of the various traditional water harvesting systems weaved in the social fabric of Rajasthan,that have been constructed using the indigenous knowledge and locally available material and are also significantfor the state in present context to cope with drought.
Seasonal changes in physico-chemical parameters of Thondi Coast waters, Palk Bay,South East coast, India
Authors: Hullas S. Sanchae , Priya A. , Nagalakshmi R. , Stella C.
Published: August 2024

The present study was carried out to determine the water quality in terms of physicochemical parameters in the coastal waters of Thondi , Palk Bay for a period of one year from Jan2015 to Dec 2015. The analysis of different parameters such as temperature,pH, salinity, TDS, nitrite, nitrate, silicate, inorganic phosphate and total phosphate were carried out using standard methods. Water temperature ranged from 26.0°C-30.0°C, Salinity ranged (30.1-34.55‰, pH(8.0 -8.2), EC value (45.20103mho-50.49 103mho),Turbidity 28-59 NTU, TSS value (58.28-95 mg/l), DO (4.01 ml/l -5.61 ml/l), BOD (0.16 mg/-2.19 mg/l), Chemical Oxygen Demand (0.87 ml/l -19.9mg/l ), Chloride 17252 mg/l -17850 mg/l ), Sulphate (1098.79 mg/l -2637.41 mg/l),Nitrite (0.117 μm/l and 1.192 μm/l), nitrate (1.513 μm/l and 12.981 μm/l), Ammonia (0.017 μm/l and 0.11 μm/l), total nitrogen (16.531 μm/l and 35.616 μm/l), inorganic phosphate (0.523 μm/l and maximum 2.047 μm/l), Total phosphorus (0.81 μm/l and 4.386 μm/l)and silicate was recorded 41.676 μm/l and 61.149 μm/l.In sediment samples pH(7.7-8.1), Total Phosphorus(1.40μg/g -2.58μg/g),total nitrogen (4.14 μg/g -9.80 μg/g), total organic carbon (1.70 mg/g-5.84 mg/g).The studies revealedthat the physico-chemical parameters of waterand samples showed seasonal variations in Thondi coastal waters.
Equity divestment and profit rateperformance for sustainable development: a study of central public sector enterprises in India.
Authors: Ghosh Sudipta
Published: August 2024

Disinvestmentcan be described as a wayof actionwhereby the Governmentwithdrawsits equity capital either in part or in fullin publicsector enterprises.From 1991-92, the Government of India undertakethe process of divesting its equity shares in CPSEs. The present studyhas inspectedthe impact of equity divestment on profit rateperformancein terms of ROCE of the CPSEsin India during the period1998-99 to 2017-18.The study concluded that CPSEs have a proficientnegative impact of equity divestment on their overall profit rateperformance during the study period. However, the CPSEs have been able to sustainsatisfactory average ROCEin the competitive market economy.
Ameliorative effect of indole acetic acid and naphthalene acetic acid on some biochemical parameters of soybean exposed to lead toxicity
Authors: Ailenokhuoria Bukola Victoria , Charles. O. Olaiya
Published: August 2024

Lead (Pb) is a potential pollutant that readily accumulates in soils and sediments widely occurred as a result of human, agricultural and industrial activities. IAA and NAA belongs to plant hormone auxin that promote plants growth. The effects of lead (Pb) phytotoxicity include stunted growth, chlorosis, blackening of the root systems, alteration in water and nutritional status of plants, inhibition of enzyme activities and so on. This study therefore  aim at examining possible ameliorative effects of Indole acetic acid( IAA) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on some biochemical parameters (photosynthetic pigments, mineral elements and antioxidant enzymes) of soybean  exposed to lead( Pb) toxicity.
      One thousand (1000)mg/L of PbNO3 was applied to 5kg of soil in a polythene bag It was allow to acclimatize for 2 weeks after which the seed were sown in the soil. Fourty (40)mg/L, 80 mg/L and 120mg/L each of IAA and NAA were prepared and applied by foliar method after 5 weeks  of planting. The plants  were  harvested after 7 weeks and was partitioned into root, stem and leaf for analysis. The results showed that the level of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid, mineral elements and antioxidant enzymes significantly increased (P˂0.05) in the root, stem and leaf of soybean treated with different concentration of Indole acetic acid (IAA) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) as compared with the control (C+ve). All bioregulators (IAA and NAA) concentrations significantly decreased (P˂0.05)  in the level of Pb2+ (except 40mg/L IAA in the root and leaf while all concentration have significant effects in the stem) and also all concentration of (IAA and NAA) significantly increased (P˂0.05) in the level of biochemical parameters to different extent as compared to control(C+ve). These results  shows that Indole acetic acid (IAA)  and Naphthalene acetic acid ( NAA) could ameliorate the Pb toxicity  and therefore will be of relevance to agricultural producers .
Fish visceral protease: is it unique?
Authors: Kumar Akhil
Published: August 2024

Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) normally has a high content of protein fundamentally because of the solubilisation of protein during hydrolysis reaction and expulsion of non- protein mixes, such as fat and other insoluble materials. Hydrolysis can decrease the peptide size and convert the hydrolysates to reachable amino acid resource for protein biosynthesis. Protein hydrolysate obtained from fish proteins are great nourishing enhancements as bioactive compounds. Proteases generated from FPH play a critical role in the growth and endurance of every single living organism. For marine animals, proteases are mostly produced by the digestive gland. Proteases are enzymes having the novel significance in cell and physiological processes and are synthesized by all organisms. This review depicts the significance and uniqueness of Fish Visceral Protease (FVP) obtained from FPH and its diversified industrial applications. The study will also throw lights on the current status and economical significance of Fish Visceral Proteases (FVP).
Present status and diversity of avifauna in some selected sites of Central Gujarat, India.
Authors: Talati Neel , Kumar Rita , Tuteja Dhara , Kumar Nirmal
Published: August 2024

Birds play a very important role in maintaining the ecosystem's food chain and food web. A survey was carried out between October 2021, and February 2022 by visual Survey method, which revels about 69 species of birds from (38) families, with a maximum of Ardeidae recorded during the study period. Among all the sites, maximum species were recorded from HGT S3 with 66, followed by DGT S2 with 54, VMR S4 with 30, and most minor with 25 at PGT S1. No man-made intervention should be allowed, and local authorities should be involved in protecting biodiversity richness.
Climate change causes, impacts, action plan, and human health in India.
Authors: Sahdev  , Sahu Tushar
Published: August 2024

Climate change has become a big problem for India and the whole world today. Climate change is having an impact on humans as well as the environment. The reason for this is anthropogenic and natural. Human beings are suffering from diseases due to increases in temperature due to climate change, an increase in harmful gases, the greenhouse effect, etc.  The problem of climate change has arisen. Due to climate change, problems with water, food, drought, economy, health, etc. have arisen. Globally, conferences are being held every year to tackle climate change. Countries from all over the world are present at this conference and are working to deal with climate change. India is moving ahead with many plans to deal with climate change. The world is working to reduce CO2, CH4, N2O, and temperatures. Research is being made to tackle climate change. Climate change has been discussed in detail in this review.
New onset of health complications in patient after COVID-19 recovery.
Authors: Kumar Maurya Neelesh , Yadav Latika , Maurya Poonam
Published: August 2024

Global pandemic coronavirus caused by COVID 19 appears to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Until now, acute respiratory problems, particularly in critically ill patients, have been the primary concern of clinical communication. Several case studies and limited series have indicated that COVID-19 significantly affects the respiratory and cardiovascular processes. Older individuals are atincreased risk of serious illness due to COVID-19, and frequency increases with age. Many with ongoing medical conditions can also have a greater risk of severe illness. Various organs that may induce infection are the lungs, skin, kidneys, liver, heart and GI tract. Thus, the risk of severe illness due to COVID-19 rises in patients with comorbidities linked to these organs. Patients healed after COVID-19 should now be more vigilant in their daily health check-upsand surveillance. The present analysis showed a health complication following the recovery of COVID-19 that was required to avoid chronic disease, which would again cause mortality and morbidity in patients.
Comparison and evaluation of effect of Chitosan as edible coating to maintain thepostharvest quality and enhance shelf-life of Psidium guajavaand Fragariaananassa fruits.
Authors: Konda Rama Krishna , Golla Kamala
Published: August 2024

Preservation of fruits post-harvest has always been a major problem for farmers and industries because of their short-shelf life and high perishability. Several methods are followed for preservation such as cold storage, use of wax coatings, each of these has their own disadvantages. So, in search of a perfect alternative for these preservative methods, use of edible coatings has shown a significant effect and benefit on fruit preservation. Chitosan, a natural polymer was chosen as an edible coating because of its properties such as biodegradability, non-toxicity. Guava and strawberry are the fruit with short shelf life due to intense metabolic activity. In attempt to minimize these post-harvest problems, chitosan (1%) was used as an edible coating for a period of 96hrs and at a temperature of 25±5 ̊C on guava and strawberry and evaluated its physiochemical characteristics and anti-oxidant system. It was observed that there was a less decrease in total sugar content (simple sugars), increase in peroxidase and catalase activity and also decrease in the fresh weight loss. These results suggested that chitosan effectively prolonged the quality attributes in guava and strawberry post-harvest, by delaying processes like ripening and increase of anti-oxidant activity, upon storing at a temperature of 25±5 ̊C.
Assessment of biomass and carbon stock of trees within the campus of IGNOU, New Delhi (India)
Authors: Kumari Anjali , Khuman YSC , Sokhi Jaswant , Nigam Amrita
Published: August 2024

This study aims to assess the biomass and carbon stock of the trees within IGNOU campus situated at the Indian national capital, New Delhi for an enhanced understanding about the carbon sequestration potential of the university campuses in urban setting. The aim of the paper is centered on the need to assess terrestrial carbon pools within a campus situated in the semi-arid forests of India which is significant for building suitable action plans for the purpose of managing ecosystems amidst the threat of anthropogenic climate change occurring due to rapid urbanization. The assessment of the biomass and carbon stock of the trees of the selected species within the campus was done by non-destructive method using allometric equations used prominently in previous studies identifying a total of 20 species of the trees comprising 1260 individual trees belonging to 14 different families of the trees. Findings of this study on identified campus trees, which comprised 1,260 individual trees, demonstrated to have moderate maturity in terms of storing carbon in the form of their biomass with the average DBH 25.34 cm. The values of their estimated total biomass and carbon stock were 75.26446 t/tree and 37.63223 tC/tree respectively. The maximum value of the total biomass 13.01 t/tree was of Ficus recemosa, and of the carbon stock 6.50tC/tree was of Ficus recemosa. Azadirachta indica species were found to be the most dominant species and their sampled trees were found to be able to sequester 537.526 tons of carbon in their standing biomass. The Phyllanthus emblica had the lowest carbon sequestration potential with 10.9 tons. This paper offers valuable insight with respect to the carbon sequestration potential of university campus situated in urban settings of a semi-arid forest ecosystem of Delhi by assessing the above- and below- ground carbon storage potential of the trees. The findings are of significance for different stakeholders including primarily future researchers, planners and decision-makers engaged in the process of urbanization.
A sytemic review on total phenolic content present in various drug substance.
Authors: Sai Katari Lavanya , Gajendragadkar M.P , Jadhav Arun Bhargav
Published: August 2024

Antioxidant is a solidity which prevents the oxidation of a substrate.Theyfend offor delay the cell damage precipitated by free radical.The Antioxidant activity of the amalgamcan be assessed by standard simple experiments like DPPH and FCR reagents tests .The mainobjective intent of this study is to evaluate and reviewthe profitability of determiningtotal phenolic content withthe help of FolinCiocalteu reagent(FCR) in any drug material agnate to the antioxidative property. Articlesissuedbetween 2004 to 2017were encompassed in this review. Databases namely google scholar, PubMed were trouped for assemblaging thearticles. Keyphraseslike total phenolic content, FCR reagent, fruits, antioxidants were accustomed for assemblagesofarticles.Theinspect of studies havestated that 23/30 reported praxis of FCR Reagent to dictate theantioxidative property of various drugs in impetus of qualitative and quantitative assay.The wind up of this study had disclosed that FCR is one of thefrequent reagentwhich was used to determinethe antioxidant property
Examining the effects of green attitude on the purchase intention of sustainable packaging.
Authors: Kingston A. , Paulraj G.
Published: August 2024

Environmental deterioration over the few decades has hugely increased awareness among consumers on environmental problems. Understanding the deterioration, consumers are motivated to make a contribution to the sustainable development. The growing environmental awareness is reflected in every component of modern marketing and more specifically on packaging, as packaging (plastics) causes nearly one-third of the environmental impacts. Green packaging has emerged to be the substitute for polymeric packaging. The study examined the purchase intention of green packed products under three different constructs; environment concern, health hazards, and perceived green values of consumers. Both direct effects of the constructs and effect of the constructs mediated through green attitude was measured using structural equation modelling. SEM was used in the study to analyse the data of 468 respondents and to test the proposed model. The findings of the study confirmed that the purchase intention towards green packaging is significantly influenced by environment concern, health consciousness and perceived values of consumers about green packaging.
Evaluation of Chromium Toxicity on Different Growth and Biochemical Attributes of Abrus precatoriusL
Authors: Vyas Milvee K.
Published: August 2024

The toxicity of trace metals on human health and the environment has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Plants are the main link in the transfer of heavy metals from the contaminated soil to humans. In the present study,effects of differentconcentrationsof chromium(Cr, 50-250 mg/l) was analyzed in medicinal plant Abrus precatorius L. with respect to seed germination, shoot and root growthand their dry weightsalong with changes in biochemical contents likepigments, protein and total sugar. The study showed that the different concentrations of Crhad anadverse effect on percentage of germination and growth parameters. The results also suggested that at higher concentrations, roots were strongly affected as compared toshoots. Further,when biochemical analysis was carried out it was depicted that the biochemical contents like chlorophyll Aand B, carotenoids, protein and total sugar also decreased sequentially as theCrconcentration was increased.
Observations on the abundance of Oligochaeta along with some environmental factors in an unmanaged freshwater wetland of West Bengal, India.
Authors: Patra Subhendu Bikash
Published: August 2024

The present work was undertakedto achievea comprehensive knowledge on theabundance of oligochaeta speciesas well as the results of limnological investigationalong with the ecohydrologycal status of an unmanaged wetland, in the planes of West Bengal, India.For the purpose of thehydrologicalstudy standard methods of American Public Health Association has been followedand the collection of benthic fauna (oligochaeta) was made employing Ekman’s dredge and standardsieve no. 60 having 0.4 mesh size.During study the water temperature varied from 20oC to 30.25oC. Transparency was higher (88 cm) in winter and lower (21.15 cm) in post monsoon. pH was found to vary between alkaline (6.67) to acidic (8)in nature.Dissolved oxygen showed maximum fluctuation from 1.2 mg/litto 11.2 mg/lit.Free CO2 was found to be higher than dissolved oxygen and varied from2.4mg/litto 17 mg/lit. Hardness was always in a lower profile with a minimum of 13 mg/litand a maximum of 20.7 mg/lit. On the other hand Nitrate nitrogen ranged from 0.03 mg/litto 0.08 mg/litwhile dissolved organic matter varied from 0.61 to 4.13 mg/lit.While observingthe biological componentstotal sixspeciesof oligochaetawere identified with a maximum of 3333 ind/m2and a minimum of88 ind/m2. Among thesesix speciesLimnodrilushoffmeisteri was the largest specieswhich varied between 217 ind/m2and 2756 ind/m2with a total 7041 ind/m2,comprised 46.81% of the total oligochaeta.Branchiodrilus sempari,the second largest species formed 22.8%of the total oligochaetawith a variation from44 ind/m2to1820 ind/m2anda total of 3429 ind/m2.Another species Derodigitatavaried between22ind/m2and1267ind/m2and contributed18.96% to thetotal oligochaetawith a total of 2852indm-2.On the other hand,Aulodrilusspcontainedtotal 835 ind/m2andranged from22 ind/m2to222 ind/m2whileAulophorus farcatuscontainedtotal 775 ind/m2and varied between20ind/m2and 378 ind/m2contributed 5.15% and 5.57% oftotal oligochaetarespectively.Branchiura sowerbyi formedonly 2.92% of total populationwith a maximum of 178 ind/m2and a minimum of 44ind/m2.During community study it was found that the index of dominance varied from 0.345 to 0.902 and index of dominance from 0.098 to 0.655.
Laboratory investigations on bituminous concrete mixtures utilizing foundry sand.
Authors: Ravishankar Chavan , Nagakumar M.S.
Published: August 2024

This research work reports the effect of foundry sand (FS) mineral filler (MF) aggregate on characteristics of bituminous concrete grading-2 (BC-2) mixtures and compares the test results with the conventional BC-2 mixtures. The Marshall mixture design method is adopted to assess the optimal bitumen content at 4% air voids for bituminous concrete grading-2 specimens prepared using 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent FSMF content. Split tensile strength test and water resistivity test were conducted to study the performance characteristics of bituminous concrete mixtures. EDXA (Energy Dispersive X-ray Analyzer) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) were also performed to investigate the element content (mineralogical composition) and texture (morphology) of foundry sand (FSMF). The test results show that utilizing foundry sand as a mineral filler in bituminous concrete enhanced the stability, split tensile strength, and split tensile strength ratio when compared to mixtures containing conventional mineral filler material. Hence use of foundry sand mineral filler aggregate in the production of BC-2 mixture is recommended.
Soil stabilization using micro silica
Authors: Muralitharan R. S. , Ramani S Sowmya , Madhumita G , Srinivasan M
Published: August 2024

Soil can make or break the structures. The ability of any soil depends on its properties. Soil stabilization in a broader sense, incorporates various methods employed for modifying the properties of a soil to improve its engineering performance. This project deals with the usage of micro silica for stabilization of a hilly soil sample. An attempt has been made to stabilize the soil sample with an addition of 10% ofmicro silica. The properties of soil have been tested for its shear strength, compressive strength, etc. And the results have been found to be productive
Carbon footprint levels and recommendations for sustainable shipping industry.
Authors: Arya V.P. , Vinod Akshara Priya , Satheesh Babu P.K.
Published: August 2024

Maritime transportation account for the most efficient and economic transportation of goods across the globe but many environmental impacts are to be considered. According to the latest International Maritime Organization (IMO) reports, maritime transportation accounts for 2-3% of all global greenhouse gas emissions. IMO has recommended bringing down 50% of these emission levels by 2050. This has created a greater demand among shipbuilders and industry to adopt sustainable methods that can reduce carbon emissions. This study aims at bringing a sustainable alternative approach that canbe implemented in the shipping industry to bring down carbon emissions. Carbon footprint (CF) is the tool used here to study the sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and their quantities. Analysis of carbon footprint during each stage of the ship’s lifecycle is carried out and alternative approaches are implemented at three levels. The first approach is applied on operation level, second on type of fuel used, and third on powering. The result shows that streamlining the ship’s hull brings a 1% reduction in total carbon emission. Switching from fossil fuel to biofuel and renewable fuel shows a significant reduction in GHGs, also renewable alternatives are highly effective and go at pace with environmental sustainability. Reducing the shipping speed and slow steaming can bring down two-third of the total carbon emission. Electric propulsion not only serves as a reduction in carbon intensity but also has immense potential for future developments.
Study on behavior of concrete encased composite columns under axial load.
Authors: Santhosh Devika , Lakshmi P
Published: August 2024

A Concrete encased steel (CES) composite column is an alternative to pure steel reinforced column. The application of such columns can be found in basement construction and metro railway stations. In this study, structural behavior of both partially encased composite (PEC) column and fully encased composite column (FEC) were investigated.A total of 12 specimens of partially encased steel composite column and fully encased com-posite column were analyzed. Analysis of columns was done in Ansys workbench. Steel profile used in the columns isH-section and cruciform section. The effects of some key parameters such assteel contribution ratio, end condition, and thickness of steel profiles on the performance of proposed column sections were investigated in termsof load-de-formation relationship and strain behavior.Partially encased composite columns are found to be most efficient compared to fully encased composite columns.Flange thickness has a greater influence on load carrying capacity of the composite columns.
Seismic performance of RC frame retrofitted using steel bracing.
Authors: Viji Arya , Daniel Sunitha A , Hameed Afia S
Published: August 2024

High rise buildings which are very common nowadays are subjected to problems due to lateral loads. Due to lateral loads like wind, earthquake etc. the structural stability of the structure is reduced. The lateral loads produce sway moment and induce high stresses in the structure. In order to reduce these effects of lateral loads bracings are efficient and effective. Bracings can be used for seismic retrofitting due to their high stiff-ness. Retrofitting approaches can be used to improve the seismic performance of the ex-isting structures, before that aresubjected to an earthquake. There are two retrofitting approaches, first is to add a new structural element like steel braces or shear wall and second is to provide concrete or steel jacketing. In this work steel bracings are used to retrofit the structure and they are provided in both concentric and eccentric manner. The main aim of the work is to analyze the performance of the building when the bracings are provided in eccentric manner. This study also focuses on performance of building with mega braced frame. Braced frames reduce lateral displacement and the bending moment in columns. Steel bracing is economical, easy to erect, occupies less space and has flexi-bility to design for meeting the required strength and stiffness. Different types of bracing such as V bracing, X bracing and diagonal bracing are provided. Seismic analysis is done using ETABS software.