bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemahaman Nilai-Nilai Ajaran Islam Di Kampung Samate Kepulauan Raja Ampat
Authors: Mayalibit M. Yasin Un. , Yusuf Muhamad
Published: July 2021

Moslems who are in the Raja Ampat Islands especially in the Samatevillage degraded understanding islamic especially among the young generation. They often interpret the teachings of Islam partially and misguided, it is realized or has not lowered Islam itself. The younger generations studied Islam (formal institutions) such as boarding schools, madrasah, and other Islamic colleges. In fact, leaving the prayers is considered commonplace, their presumed prayer of the body, which is important in heart. Understanding the value of Islamic teachings is declining in Samate village, North Salawati District, Raja Ampat Islands.  The understanding of Islamic teachings in Samate Village influenced religious and customary figures that sought to collaborate between customs and religion, so as to defy the new understanding that entered, but fewer and less, influenced the development of the young generation's religious knowledge. Lack of interest in religious education, they are attracted by general knowledge and technology so that religious education is ruled out, tends to promote materialistic things. People who study religion are reluctant to return to live in Samate, no religious-based schools such as Madrasah or boarding schools in order to support the increasing religious knowledge of young generation. The external factor: Many villagers migrate to the city bringing the habit of unusual Village society, following the trend, lifestyle mode that emerged from the TV show, even the negative of the impressions are contrary to the customary value of society, which resulted in moral change and ethics of the younger generation.
Mustahiq: Studi Kasus Penerima Zakat Pada Masyarakat Skouw Sae Distrik Muara Tami Kota Jayapura
Authors: Kelibia Muhidin , Muhandy Rachmad Surya , Amirullah Amirullah , Muhyiddin Syaiful
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the model of zakat distribution which is carried out by the community and to find out the lack of understanding of the groups who are entitled to receive zakat. This study also aims to find out the institutions that applied in society as well as how the perspective of Islamic law regarding the distribution of zakat in Skouw Sae Village, Muara Tami District, Jayapura City. It is qualitative research, using the paradigm of social phenomenology. Research results: There are quite a lot of Muzaqih included in the category of poor and converts. The formation of Amil by the administrators of the Al-Aqsa Skouw Sae mosque is carried out every year before the holy month of Ramadan. In addition, not all Muslims who are appointed to be Amil knows the terms and duties of it, so that the lack of public knowledge about Islam causes an inability to understand the assets that must be zakated which results in public ignorance about the 8 Asnabs that are obliged to receive zakat. The lack of religious guidance carried out in the community causes knowledge of the obligation to pay zakat to be known to the public, but not in detail about what assets are required to be tithe, the nisab, and who is obliged to receive zakat. This knowledge is only owned by the Imam of the Mosque. The point of view of Islamic law regarding zakat in Skouw Sae that paying zakat is a must that should be done by every Muslim which is not included in the 8 asnabs, its implementation is regulated in the Qur'an and Hadith. Social institutions: Lack of Dai/Mubaliq who can provide continuous religious guidance. Economic Institutions: Economic factors support a person to make the habit of issuing zakat. Cultural Institutions: Habits carried out by people who have the ability not to pay zakat on their wealth to others lead to imitations that are carried out to the next generation, thus creating a new culture in the community.
DETERMINING THE FACTORS THAT PREVENTING NURSES BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION
Authors: ABALI ÇETİN Serpil , OKGÜN Aliye , ERİKMEN Esra
Published: July 2021

The promotion of breast self-examination (BSE) in developing countries is the main strategy for reducing breast cancer-related mortality. For this reason, determining the barriers to perform BSE for nurses, who play a key role in the health education of the society, should be a priority step. This research was conducted to determine the barriers to perform BSE for nurses. The sample of this descriptive, cross-sectional study consisted of 276 nurses working in an education and research hospital, agreed to participate in the study. The data of the study, which was conducted between January and June 2020, were collected using face-to-face interview method via questionnaire form and Champion Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). Number and percentage distribution, One Way ANOVA, Student t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, MannWhitney U test, Spearman Correlation and Multi-directional Regression Analysis were used in data analysis. The mean age of the nurses participating in the study was 32.56±9.07. 52.9% of the nurses are single and the majority (75.7%) are university graduates. 73.9% of the nurses perform BSE. The rate of those who perform BSE at the right time is 40.5%. The difference between the disability, trust, and health motivation sub-dimension mean scores of nurses who perform BSE and those who do not are statistically significant. In this study, according to the health belief model used to determine the barriers to nurses' BSE performance, disability perception scores were high, the factors that most affect the perception of disability were marriage, having children, the clinic which they work, breast cancer risk, age, working year and sensitivity, severity. It was determined that they had benefit, sense of trust and health motivation.
Oryantalizm ve Batı Sineması: Midnight Express (1978) Filmi Örneği
Authors: FİDAN Mustafa
Published: July 2021

Batı’nın aklındaki Doğu imgesi olarak tanımlanan oryantalizm, birçok kültür ürününe olduğu gibi sinemaya da yansımıştır. Kültür taşıyıcı bir sanatsal araç olan sinema, yalnızca belirli bir kültürü veya anlatıyı ifade etmek, tanıtmak, geniş kitlelerin beğenisine sunmak için değil aynı zamanda kültürel bir hegemonyanın inşası ve bu hegemonyanın sürdürülmesinde de kullanılır. Yüzyıllardır etkisi görülen, Edward Said tarafından kavramsallaştırılan oryantalist bakış açısı, Batılı gözün Doğuyu algılama ve yeniden anlamlandırma pratiklerini, söylem ve ön yargılarından oluşan hayalini, imgelerini ifade etmektedir.
Yönetmenliğini Alan Parker’ın yaptığı 1978 yapımı Midnight Express (Geceyarısı Ekspresi) filmi, Amerikalı bir turist olan ve uyuşturucu kaçakçılığı nedeniyle İstanbul'da tutuklanan Billy Hayes'in gerçek yaşam öyküsünden uyarlanan bir yapımdır. Gerçekliği yeniden kurgulayarak çarpıtan film, Doğu’ya ve Türklere karşı çok sayıda oryantalist öge ve söylemi barındırması itibariyle dikkat çekmektedir. Birçok sanat eseri, politik söylem ya da günlük hayat pratiğine yansıyan oryantalist bakış açısı, kapsamı daraltmak adına sinema filmi özelinde alınmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, dönemin siyasal koşullarıyla birlikte ele alınan filmi içerik analizi yöntemiyle ele alarak oryantalist söylemini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen bulgular; filmdeki söylem, sahne seçimi, hikaye akışı ve karakter seçimleri ile Türkiye özelinde Doğu’yu oryantalize eden ötekileştirici bir üslup kullanılmıştır.
Türkiye’deki Bankaların Sosyal Medyayı Pazarlama İletişimi Aracı Olarak Kullanımı
Authors: HACIİBRAHİMOĞLU Yusuf
Published: July 2021

21. yüzyılda sosyal medya platformları, pazarlama iletişiminin temel unsurlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Kurumların, pazarlama hedeflerine ulaşabilmesi ve rakiplerine karşı varlıklarını devam ettirebilmesi sürecinde pazarlama iletişimi boyutunda sosyal medya platformlarını etkin bir şekilde kullanması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle rekabetin yoğun bir şekilde hissedildiği bankacılık sektöründe de pazar başarısında bankaların sosyal medya platformlarını ne şekilde kullanıldığı önem taşımaktadır. Çalışmada Türkiye’de bankacılık sektöründe sosyal meydanın pazarlama iletişimi boyutundaki kullanımının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışma kapsamında Türkiye Bankalar Birliği’nin 2020 yılı sonu itibariyle toplam aktif büyüklülüklerine göre belirlediği Türkiye’nin en büyük ilk iki kamu bankasının (Ziraat Bankası ve Vakıf Bankası) ve en büyük ilk iki özel bankasının (İş Bankası ve Garanti Bankası) Facebook hesapları pazarlama iletişimi boyutunda incelenmiştir. Çalışmada örneklem olarak belirlenen bankalarının Facebook hesaplarındaki paylaşımlar pazarlama iletişimi boyutunda hazırlanan kodlama cetveli üzerinden içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Örneklem olarak belirlenen bankalar üzerinden elde edilen bulgularda, Türkiye’deki kamu bankalarının pazarlama iletişimi boyutunda daha çok reklam ve tanıtım amaçlı sosyal medyayı kullandığı, Türkiye’deki özel bankaların ise daha çok halkla ilişkiler amaçlı sosyal medyadan yararlandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Güney Doğu Karadeniz Kıyıları Pigmente Dayalı Fitoplankton Boy Gruplarının Dağılımı
Authors: AĞIRBAŞ Ertuğrul , TÜRKMEN Pınar
Published: July 2021

Kasım 2014-Ağustos 2015 tarihleri arasında Güney Doğu Karadeniz kıyılarında (Artvin-Giresun) yürütülen bu çalışmada, belirteç pigment kompozisyonu ve fitoplankton boy gruplarının alansal ve zamansal değişimleri araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada 12 farklı istasyonda yüzeyden itibaren 10 m aralıklarla 40 m derinliğe kadar mevsimsel örneklemeler yapılmıştır. HPLC analizleri sonucunda fitoplankton boy gruplarının toplam fitoplankton biyokütlesine yaptığı katkı pikoplankton, nanoplankton ve mikroplankton için sırası ile %1-71; %1-92 ve %8-93 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Mevsimsel olarak bir değerlendirme yapıldığında kış ve ilkbahar döneminde bariz bir şekilde yüksek olan mikroplankton katkı oranlarının yaz mevsiminde azalarak yerini pikoplanktona bıraktığı ve sonbahar mevsiminde ise tekrar artış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bölgede en fazla katkı yapan ikinci grup nanoplankton olurken özellikle klorofil maksimumun olduğu derinliklerde en yüksek katkı oranına ulaşmıştır. Çalışma bölgesinde klorofil-a baskın pigment olurken öne çıkan diğer pigmentler peridinin, fukoksantin ve 19’-heksanoloksifukoksantin olmuştur.
Yönlendirilmemiş Power Graflarda Hyper- Wiener, Harary, SK, SK1 ve SK2 İndeksleri
Authors: AŞKIN Volkan
Published: July 2021

Sonlu bir Z_n grubunun yönlendirilmemiş P(Z_n ) power grafı, köşelerinin kümesi Z_n olan bağlantılı bir graftır ve burada iki köşe komşudur gerek ve yeter şart u≠v ve ⊆ veya ⊆ dir. 〖(Z〗_n,+) grubuna karşılık gelen Yönlendirilmemiş G=P(Z_n ) power grafının Hyper-Wiener, SK, 〖SK〗_1, 〖SK〗_2 ve Harary indeksleri sırasıyla, 1/2 ∑_({u,v}⊆V(G))▒〖d(u,v)〗+1/2 ∑_({u,v}⊆V(G))▒〖d^2 (u,v) 〗 1/2 ∑_(uv∈E(G))▒〖d(u)+d(v)〗, 1/2 ∑_(uv∈E(G))▒〖d(u).d(v)〗, 1/4 ∑_(uv∈E(G))▒〖〖(d(u)+d(v))〗^2 〗ve ∑_({u,v}⊆V(P(Z_n )))▒1/(d(u,v)) olarak tanımlandı. Bu makale de P(Z_(P^k )) ve P(Z_pq) power graflarının Hyper-Wiener, SK, 〖SK〗_1,〖 SK〗_2 ve Harary indekslerinin hesaplamaları üzerine odaklanıyoruz. Giriş bölümünde yönlendirilmemiş power grafın tanımı yapıldı. Aynı şekilde bu bölümde bizim için gerekli olan sonuçlar ve teoremler verildi. Bu makalede öncelikle, p ve q farklı asal sayılar olmak üzere p^k ve p.q değerlerine karşılık gelen yönlendirilmemiş P(Z_n ) power grafının Hyper-Wiener indeksini bulup belirli koşullar altında bu power grafının Hamilton olduğunu gösteriyoruz. Daha sonra aynı değerlere karşılık gelen bu power grafın n veya ɸ(n) ile bağlantılı Harary indeksini hesaplıyoruz. Devamında, p ve q farklı asal sayılar olmak üzere , bu power grafın p,q veya ɸ(n) ile bağlantılı SK ve 〖SK〗_1 indekslerini buluyoruz. Son olarakta, bu power grafın p,q,n,〖SK〗_1 veya ɸ(n) ile bağlantılı 〖 SK〗_2 indeksini hesaplıyoruz.
Imperatives for Pastoral Livelihood Sustainability in the Mara Ecosystem, Kenya
Authors: Oluoko-Odingo Alice A. , Irandu Evaristus Makuyi
Published: July 2021

The seventeen (17) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) form a firm foundation for livelihoods and ecologi-cal sustainability in biodiversity conservation. Of the 17 SDGs, five of them focus on promoting sustainable consumption and production patterns (SDG 12), promotion of actions at all levels to deal with climate change (SDG 13), protecting and restoring all terrestrial ecosystems to end biodiversity loss (SDG 15), achieving peaceful and inclusive societies, the rule of law, effective and capable institutions (SDG 16) and strengthening and enhancing the means of implementation and global partnership for sustainable development (SDG 17) form the bond within which other SDGs coalesce with the goal of attaining sustainability of planetary ecosystems. The Kenyan and Tanzanian constitutions also are aligned to the achievement of livelihood sustainability. The fragmentation of the Mau-Mara ecosystem and consequent loss of wildlife habitat, the occurrence of droughts due to fluctuating rainfall patterns, loss of woody vegetation, commercial agricultural land use, population growth, increase in human settlement, and associated poaching are some of the factors responsible for shrinking wildlife resources in the Mara. Climate change poses a serious challenge for the Mara due to its adverse effects on temperature and rainfall patterns. Several recommendations have been suggested in this paper regarding different ways of addressing these human-wildlife conflicts. They include growing wildlife as a cash crop with a bonus to the local community and collaboration with the private sector to enhance the free movement of livestock while also freeing space within wildlife corridors, among others. This paper attempts to examine how the Maasai pastoral livelihoods are changing and the strategies adopted to cope with climate change and competing land uses in the Mara ecosystem. Suggestions are also made on some practical solutions that could contribute to sustainable pastoral livelihood systems in the area if implemented. This paper relies on literature search and review of various research works carried out in the Mara-Serengeti to highlight key issues involving livelihoods’ sustainability in the Mara ecosystem. The research revealed the threat posed by climate change and underlined the need for adaptation ensure livelihood sustainability.
Bicycling as a Response to La Violencia: The First Vuelta a Colombia, January 5-17, 1951
Authors: Rausch Jane M.
Published: July 2021

The First Vuelta a Colombia, a bicycle race modeled after the Tour de France, took place in January 1951 notwithstanding the horrific violence then engulfing the country.  Thirty-one cyclists pedaled over paths of sand, mud and stone through Cundinamarca, Tolima, Viejo Caldas and Valle del Cauca to cover a course of 1,254 kilometers in fifteen days.  By describing the origins and impact of this event, this paper suggests that the Vuelta offers a new perspective on the regime of Laureano Gómez, the Violencia and  Colombian passion for a sport that by the 21st century produced for the nation world champion cyclists.
Más allá del horror: ética cotidiana y feminismo en el postconflicto chocoano
Authors: Lizarazo Tania
Published: July 2021

La supervivencia en el postconflicto chocoano es una experiencia cotidiana que requiere intencionalidad y colaboración. Este artículo explora el proceso de narrar e investigar la supervivencia como un conjunto de prácticas éticas. Se centra específicamente en el análisis de Mujeres Pacíficas, un proyecto de narrativas digitales realizado en colaboración con la Comisión de Género de COCOMACIA (Consejo Comunitario Mayor de la Asociación Campesina Integral del Atrato). Al pensar la supervivencia como ética cotidiana, Mujeres Pacíficas valora el potencial de la ética y las narrativas digitales como prácticas metodológicas. Centrar lo que existe más allá del horror no significa desconocer las continuidades de la violencia contra la vida de mujeres negras en un postconflicto que no termina de materializarse. Es reconocer prácticas y conocimientos que imaginan en el día a día otras formas de ser y coexistir en espacios marcados por la violencia.
Invocación y evocación: fantasmas de la violencia en Sumando ausencias de Doris Salcedo
Authors: Eljaiek-Rodríguez Gabriel
Published: July 2021

Este artículo examina la instalación Sumando ausencias (2016) de la artista colombiana Doris Salcedo como un espacio de memoria fantasmagórica; esto es, como un lugar en donde la ausencia de quienes fueron asesinados durante el conflicto colombiano se usa para conjurar fantasmas que están presentes como memoria y que resisten al olvido. Para el análisis de la instalación y su puesta en escena, uso la fantología derridiana (y sus derivados teóricos) como marco de análisis y recurro a estudios culturales y artísticos de la obra de Salcedo, todo en relación con el conflicto, el posacuerdo y el eventual posconflicto.
Brujas y apariciones en la Cuchilla de Buenavista: otras formas de recordar el conflicto
Authors: Garzón María Angélica , Bernal Diana Marcela
Published: July 2021

El artículo reflexiona sobre la construcción de memorias del conflicto desde una perspectiva regional a través de un dispositivo elaborado por la población para activar sus recuerdos: la aparición de brujas. Se explora el caso de la Cuchilla de la Buenavista, ubicada en la provincia de Lengupá (Boyacá, Colombia) para, desde relatos orales, exponer y analizar estrategias de rememoración recreadas mediante seres mágicos que, a manera de testigos y guardianes de lo sucedido, habitan lugares marcados por la violencia. Se concluye que las brujas de la Buenavista reconfiguran el tiempo, el cuerpo y la linealidad vida-muerte a través de su brujería: hacer recordar.
Presentación del director
Authors: Herrero-Olaizola Alejandro
Published: July 2021

Presentación del número
CONDUTAS QUE PODEM INTERFERIR NA FASE PRÉ- ANALÍTICA DO EXAME SUMÁRIO DE URINA
Authors: Pedrosa Suzana Carvalho de Sousa , Ferreira Milenna Azevedo Minhaqui , Guimarães Keyth Sulamitta Lima , Guimarães Wilma Ferreira Guedes , Barbosa Keylla Talitha Fernandes
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: identificar as condutas pré-analíticas que podem influenciar nos resultados do exame sumário de urina.Método: trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo, do tipo transversal, de natureza quantitativa, realizada com 246 pacientes de um laboratório público de referência do município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, durante os meses de junho e julho de 2019. A análise de dados foi realizada por estatística descritiva e inferencial, com Teste de Qui-Quadrado e Correlação de Spearman, elencado após o teste de Kolmogorov-Sminorv.Resultados: em relação ao conhecimento sobre o exame, 138 (56,1%) dos participantes afirmaram possuí-lo, porém 174 (70,7%) relataram não terem sido orientados antes da coleta do exame. A correlação evidenciou que, quanto maior o conhecimento, mais adequadas eram as condutas préanalíticas.Conclusão: observou-se baixo nível de conhecimento sobre o procedimento, contribuindo para condutas pré-analíticas inadequadas. Destaca-se a importância de ofertar ao cliente orientações sobre a coleta do exame.
SINTOMAS DE DEPRESSÃO EM PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Ávila Fernanda Maria Vieira Pereira , Goulart Maithê De Carvalho e Lemos , Góes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra , Silva Ana Cristina De Oliveira e , Duarte Fernanda Carla Pereira , Oliveira Claudia Pontes Braz de
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: identificar sintomas de depressão em profissionais de enfermagem durante a pandemia de covid-19.Método: estudo transversal e observacional, via formulário eletrônico, nas cinco regiões do Brasil, entre profissionais de enfermagem. Utilizou-se instrumento com informações gerais e o Patient Health Questionnaire-9 para identificar sintomas de depressão. Adotaram-se testes de hipóteses t de Student e Análise de Variância.Resultados: participaram 3249 profissionais. Destes, 2092 (64,4%) não apresentaram ou apresentaram sintomas mínimos de depressão, 603 (18,6%) moderados, 330 (10,2%) sintomas de moderado a severos e 224 (6,9%) sintomas severos. Mulheres, trabalhadores da região Norte, adultos jovens, solteiros e com renda de até quatro salários apresentaram escore de depressão mais elevados (p<0,05).Conclusão: os profissionais de enfermagem não apresentaram ou apresentaram sintomas leves de depressão. Variáveis como sexo, faixa etária, estado civil, região do país, ter contato com pessoas com covid-19 e não usar máscaras tiveram diferenças significativas com sintomas de depressão.
IDOSOS A CUIDAR DE IDOSOS: UM DESAFIO À ORGANIZAÇÃO DOS CUIDADOS DOMICILIÁRIOS
Authors: Bento Maria da Conceição Saraiva da Costa , Amaral António Salgueiro , Silva Abel Paiva e
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: conhecer quais os cuidados de enfermagem que as pessoas dependentes no autocuidado, que vivem em suas casas, necessitam, e quem lhes presta esses cuidados e com que frequência. Métodos: estudo observacional, quantitativo, descritivo, realizado na região central de Portugal. Amostra constituída por 130 pessoas dependentes no autocuidado, admitidas para cuidados no domicílio nas Equipes de Cuidados Continuados de um Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde da Região Centro de Portugal, entre julho de 2019 e março de 2020. Os dados foram analisados a partir dos resultados da estatística descritiva e inferencial.Resultados: cuidadores com mais de 75 anos foram prevalentes, 15,6% com mais de 80 anos, são mulheres e cônjuges, não apresentando, em muitos casos, capacidade para assegurar os cuidados necessários ao dependente.Conclusão: o estudo revela a necessidade de se pensar em estratégias que permitam uma oferta de cuidados profissionais, de modo a reduzir as omissões de assistência.
Updated stratigraphic correlations due to lithological composition at the M-II-4 horizon, Aksai field
Authors:   Atyrau Branch of KMG Engineering, Atyrau, Kazakhstan, Abuev R.B. , Akhmetzhanova G.A. ,   Kazakh National Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev (Satbayev University), Almaty, Kazakhstan, Giesemann K.M. ,   «JV Kazgermunai» LLP, Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan
Published: July 2021

The results of laboratory-based core analysis and log interpretation are presented in the paper to justify separation of various lithological reservoir types of the productive horizon M-II-4 within limits of the Aksai field. The geological section under study is composed of sandstones, gravelstones, conglomerates with carbonate-clayey cement with clay and sandstone interlayers. According to the results of the work, taking into account all geological and geophysical data, aleuritic-sandy, gravelite-conglomerate with carbonate cement and gravelite-conglomerate with carbonate-clay cement with layers of clays and sandstones types of reservoirs are identified. The results obtained were taken into account when reservoir characterization, recommendations were given for further areas of research work.
The analysis of the mechanism of destruction of rocks at offshore drilling rig of chinks by hydromonitor chisels
Authors:   Industrial Safety Department, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Shireli I.Y. , Ibrahimov R.S. ,   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry, Baku, Azerbaijan, Mammadov A.S. ,   Industrial Safety Department, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: July 2021

At drilling of offshore drilling rig chinks by hydromonitor chisels as a result of dynamic interaction of a stream of a liquid with rock in the conditions of a chink face there is its hydromonitor destruction. At the moment of blow the liquid is compressed in the beginning and only then starts to spread. It is known that, in mining, the occurrence of hydromechanical pressure under the influence of high jet pressure, flowing from the bits of the bit, is inherently pulsating during drilling with the offshore drilling rig. Consequently, in the array where the mountain pressure acts, there is a sign-alternating stress, as a result of which the fatigue of the people.
The results of high-position anal fistula treatment using the LIFT (ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract) procedure. A retrospective, single-center study
Authors: Rydzek Martyna , Ciesielski Przemysław , Diuwe Piotr
Published: July 2021

Introduction
Ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) is an established method for the treatment of high- and low-position anal fistulas. Numerous meta-analyzes confirm the high healing success rate with simultaneous low risk of sphincter damage.

Purpose of the work
The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of the treatment of patients with high-position and complex transsphincteric fistulas using the LIFT procedure.

Material and method:
Twelve patients (M-9, F-3) aged between 28 and 69 (median age 50) undergoing surgery for complex and high-position transsphincteric anal fistulas, either primary or recurrent, in the period of 2016 to 2020, were included in the study. The inclusion criterion consisted in the presence of a fistula encompassing more than 30% of the anal sphincter volume as confirmed by transrectal ultrasound. All patients were subjected to surgical treatment by means of the LIFT procedure. The follow-up period was between 6 and 51 months (average of 16 months). Follow-up visits were held 1 and 4 weeks as well as 6 months after surgery. During the postoperative period, data were collected on the curative effect or recurrence of transsphincteric fistulas (the primary endpoint) and on the presence of postoperative complications (the secondary endpoint).

Results
A total of 10 patients (83.3%) were healed with 2 patients (16.7%) experiencing complications as manifested by recurring intersphincteric fistula. Full recurrence of the disease was observed in 2 patients (16.7%). Slight disturbances of continence were observed in 2 out of 12 patients (16.7%).

Keywords: anal fistula, LIFT surgery, incontinence
Die Präsidentschaftsvorwahlen der Demokraten 2020: Eine Rückkehr zur parteielitengesteuerten Kandidatennominierung vor 2016?
Authors: Horst Patrick
Published: July 2021

The presidential primaries of 2016 were seen as proof that the parties had finally lost control over the nomination of their presidential candidates. The new rules for the selection process benefited unconventional, populist candidates such as Trump or Sanders. In contrast, the 2020 Democratic primaries showed, as argued by some, that party insiders did have the power to impose the candidate of their choice after all. Such a conclusion could be premature. The Democratic contest, documented here from beginning to end, revealed many of the same problems that plagued the Republicans four years earlier. It was thanks to two exceptional factors alone that party insiders finally took the reins: the existentially felt need to beat Trump, and the impossibility of forcing the public to vote in large droves in the midst of the pandemic. Had these constraints not existed, most probably Sanders would have emerged victorious in the primaries. This leaves primary election reform on the agenda, for which some suggestions are made in conclusion.
Die Republikanische Partei nach den Wahlen 2020: Nach oder inmitten der Trump-Ära?
Authors: Adorf Philipp
Published: July 2021

Donald Trump’s loss in conjunction with the outcome of congressional elections has left the Republican Party entirely removed from the political levers of power in Washington, D .C . - a mere four years after they had obtained unified control of government at the federal level. What are the lessons Republicans can draw from these results? How can a President who engaged in open efforts to overturn a democratic election result continue to elicit a degree of support among the party’s rank-and-file that has made him the current favorite to win the Republican Party’s presidential nomination in 2024? Explanations are found both in the 45th President’s governing record as well as in the composition of today’s Republican electorate, which largely subscribes to Donald Trump’s nativist populist worldview. The attitudes present among Republican voters were one of the key reasons why most Republican officials in Washington ultimately decided to at least tacitly support Trump’s anti-democratic lie of a “stolen election”. This may only have been a harbinger of the future threat Republicans pose to US democracy.
Die Substantiierungslast im Zivilprozess
Authors: Rust Max
Published: July 2021

The importance of Substantiierungslast (pleading requirements) for the practice of German civil procedure law can hardly be overstated: For a lawyer, the success of the lawsuit is at stake; for a judge, the Substantiierungslast provides procedural grounds to dismiss a case without taking evidence. In this context, fishing expeditions, general and specific denial as well as denial based on lack of sufficient knowledge are discussed. The author points out concerning developments, such as violations of the right to a fair hearing due to an over-reliance on pleading requirements, limited ways to appeal such decisions, and the Federal High Court’s increasing willingness to instrumentalize procedural burdens.
Antitrust and the Multivalued Function of Competition
Authors: Ramos Luiz Felipe Rosa
Published: July 2021

The book offers a renewed approach to the debate on antitrust goals. Based on a legal-sociological perspective, it conceives competition as a form with social functions. Thus, competition is not a mere derivation of efficiency or consumer welfare, but an autonomous goal of antitrust which pervades cartel, unilateral conduct and merger cases. According to Tobias Werron, this is a “great piece of scholarship (…) that suggests an openness of mind and independence of thought”. Celso Campilongo writes: “the publication of this work ought to be celebrated. It is far from trivial or usual to reconstruct (…) a sociology of antitrust law”.
Evaluation of Liquefaction-Induced Settlement Using Random Forest and REP Tree Models: Taking Pohang Earthquake as a Case of Illustration
Authors: Ahmad Mahmood , Tang Xiaowei , Ahmad Feezan
Published: July 2021

A liquefaction-induced settlement assessment is considered one of the major challenges in geotechnical earthquake engineering. This paper presents random forest (RF) and reduced error pruning tree (REP Tree) models for predicting settlement caused by liquefaction. Standard penetration test (SPT) data were obtained for five separate borehole sites near the Pohang Earthquake epicenter. The data used in this study comprise of four features, namely depth, unit weight, corrected SPT blow count and cyclic stress ratio. The available data is divided into two parts: training set (80%) and test set (20%). The output of the RF and REP Tree models is evaluated using statistical parameters including coefficient of correlation (r), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean squared error (RMSE). The applications for the aforementioned approach for predicting the liquefaction-induced settlement are compared and discussed. The analysis of statistical metrics for the evaluating liquefaction-induced settlement dataset demonstrates that the RF achieved comparatively better and reliable results.
Impact of Inadequate Concentration of Boron in Seed Storage Proteins Content in Oilseed Crops
Authors: Archana  , Verma Preetam , Pandey Nalini
Published: July 2021

For the estimation of Impact of inadequate concentration of boron in seed storage proteins content in oilseed crops, a sand culture experiment was designed and all the three crops i.e. soyabean, mustard and linseed were grown under sufficient and insufficient boron treatment till maturity. Seed germination and seed storage protein concentration was determined in seeds after the harvesting of crops. Earlier oilseed crops like soyabean, mustard and linseed are cultivated for oil production but at this time these crops are reliable source of protein also and are real asset for human dietary protein. The storage protein present in seeds varies from ~10% (in cereals) to 40% (in certain legumes and oilseeds) of dry weight. Seeds contain one or more groups of proteins that are present in high amounts and that serve to provide a store of amino acids and sulfur required during germination and seedling growth. Quality of seeds is driven by the total protein content present in the form of storage reserve in seeds. There are major four types of storage proteins known as- globulins (insoluble in water), albumins (soluble in water), prolamins (soluble in alcohol) and glutelins (soluble in dilute acid and alkaline medium). Globulins and albumins are the major storage seed proteins of legumes and oilseed crops whereas prolamins and glutelins are mostly found in cereal seeds. Functionally boron is crucial micronutrient for a considerable amount of agricultural yield. Seed reserves (proteins, carbohydrates, starch, lipids) of post harvested seeds are depended on the appropriate boron supply during cropping. Boron insufficiency in oilseed crops found to be an inhibitory factor for seed vigor and seed quality. So this chapter deals with the effect of boron deprivation on seed quality in terms of germination capacity and seed storage protein reserves in the post harvested seeds of soybean, mustard and linseed.
Phytochemistry and Ethnopharmacology of Vebris nobilis Delile (Rutaceae)
Authors: Omujal Francis
Published: July 2021

Vepris nobilis Mziray (formerly Teclea noblis Delile) is an ever-green plant in the tropical climate. The different parts (leaves, stem bark, roots and fruits) of this plant are popular for treatment of various diseases including; malaria, rheumatism, arthritis, pneumonia, cough, fever, measles, asthma, common cold, headache, join and chest pains and as antithelmintic. Several phytochemical compounds including quinoline and furoquinoline alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids have been isolated from the different plant. Pharmacological investigations on the different crude extracts and isolated compounds covering antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antileishmanial and ant-trypanosomal have been conducted.
Variation of Sensitivity of a MEMS Capacitive Accelerometer Based Microphone with Suspension System Topology
Authors: Dwivedi Apoorva , Asthana Prateek , Khanna Gargi , Chaudhary Tarun
Published: July 2021

The present research seeks to improve a highly sensitive MEMS capacitive accelerometer as a probable completely implantable hearing aid microphone. The research analyses the effect of different suspension system topologies on accelerometer efficiency. The topology of folded beam suspension is considered to be the most suitable for the proposed system. The design factors such as weight, height and resonant frequency are considered to make the accelerometer an effective biomedical system which can be completely implanted with COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS 4.2 the optimized system is simulated and validated. The accelerometer occupies 1mm2 of sensing area and achieves a nominal capacitance of 5.30 pF and an optimized capacitive sensitivity of 6.89fF.
Optical Remote Sensing of Planetary Space Environment
Authors: He Fei , Yao Zhonghua , Wei Yong
Published: July 2021

Planetary science is the scientific investigations of the basic characteristics and the formation and evolution processes of the planets, moons, comets, asteroids and other minor bodies of the solar system, the exoplanets, and the planetary systems. Planetary scientific research mainly depends on deep space exploration, and it is highly interdisplinary and is built from Earth science, space science, astronomy and other relevant disciplines. Planetary space, a critical region of mass and energy exchange between the planet and the interplanetary space, is an integral part of the planetary multi-layer coupling system. Atmospheres of different compositions and plasmas of different densities and energies exist in planetary space, where mass transportation at different temporal and spatial scales and various energy deposition and dissipation processes occur. Optical remote sensing overcomes the difficulties of capturing global views and distinguishing spatiotemporal variations in in-situ particle and field detections. This chapter introduces the principles and applications of optical remote sensing in planetary science. The first ground-based planetary observatory in China, the Lenghu Observation Center for Planetary Sciences, will be introduced in detail. Future development of optical remote sensing platforms in Chinese planetary exploration program will also be introduced.
Powerful Multilevel Simulation Tool for HiL Analysis of Urban Electric Vehicle’s Propulsion Systems
Authors: Octavian Nemeș Raul , Ruba Mircea , Maria Ciornei Sorina , Maria Raia Raluca
Published: July 2021

The general focus of the proposed chapter is to describe a complex yet transparent solution for advanced simulation analysis of urban electric vehicles propulsion unit. As general rule, precise and realistic results are obtained only when performing real-time simulations, engaging dedicated software for such applications. Hence, simulation of an electric vehicle as a complete solution can become rather difficult. The authors targeted advanced analysis of the propulsion unit, including the motor, the battery, the power converter, and its control. These are designed using multilevel models in Matlab/Simulink, referring to different complexity levels of each assembly. Another feature of the models is their organization, based on Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR), this easing the process of inter-connecting models correctly. Nevertheless, the mechanical, aerodynamical and road profile details are included using Amesim Software. All the simulations are performed on a real-time target, using a National Instruments PXIe embedded controller. The latter runs NI VeriStand software, allowing real-time communication between Amesim and Simulink offering in the same time possibility to read/write analog/digital IOs for external communication. This feature in fact is used when passing from modeling to Hardware in the Loop (HIL) analysis, replacing the simulated assembly with the actual one.
Health Benefits and Functional and Medicinal Properties of Some Common Indian Spices
Authors: Kumar Paswan Vinod , Shekhar Singh Chandra , Kukreja Garima , Shankar Bunkar Durga , Kumar Bhinchhar Basant
Published: July 2021

India is the largest producer and consumer of some important common spices. Major Indian spices include pepper, cardamom, ginger, turmeric and chilies. Commercial cultivation in India is undertaken on 27 spices besides the herbal spices. Spices and herbs are mostly used as seasonings to impart flavors, pungency, aroma and color in the food. In addition, spices enhances shelf life of the food by preventing and delaying the spoilage and by preserving the sensory attributes of food products. Spices contain several important phytochemicals like aromatic compounds, essential oils, phenolics and pigments which imparts characteristic flavor and aroma and gives a herbal appeal to the food and beverages and enhances their consumer acceptability. In addition the active components of these herbs and spices are endowed with tremendous functional properties and medicinal values providing several health benefits and immunity. The era of Covid-19 has seen spiked consumption of spices and herbs based health drinks and concoctions for providing these health benefits and immunity. The present chapter deals with the characteristics of some important Indian spices, their usages, active components present in them along with exploring their health benefits, functional and immunomodulant properties.
Music Therapy in Medicine of Islamic Civilisation
Authors: Sidik Roziah , Fahimi Kamaruzaman Azmul , Jailani Abdullah Mohd
Published: July 2021

Ibn Sina’s (Avicenna) denotes that one of the most effective methods in medical treatment is listening to music, which clearly illustrates the position of music therapy in medical treatment. This chapter discusses four matters: (i) the concept of music therapy as medical treatment, (ii) the function of music therapy as a method of complementary treatment aimed more towards calming and relieving pain, but not as a total cure for the patient, (iii) the hospitals that applied music therapy as treatment, and (iv) the process of applying music therapy in the medical tradition of the Islamic civilisation. Music here includes instrumental music, the sound of singing, adhan (call to prayer), Quranic recitation, as well as sounds of nature, such as of birds singing and of water from a fountain pool. Among the hospitals that applied such therapy was Bimarastan Fez in Morroco, Bimarastan al-Mansuri at Cairo, Egypt, Bimarastan al-Arghuni at Allepo, Syria, Bimarastan Nur al-Din at Damascus City, and Suleymaniye Sifahanesi.
Genetically Modified Potato for Pest Resistance: Thrift or Threat?
Authors: Raspor Martin , Cingel Aleksandar
Published: July 2021

Significant limitations in potato production are crop loss due to the damage made by insect pests, and the cost of enormous amount of chemicals, harmful to humans and environment, extensively used in their control. As an alternative, development of genetically modified potato offered possibility for pest management in a more sustainable, environmentally friendly way. Over the past 30 years introduction of pest resistance traits progressed from a single gene to multiple stacked events and from Bt-toxin expression to expression of proteins from non-Bt sources, dsRNA and their combination, while advances in molecular biology have brought “cleaner” gene manipulation technologies. However, together with benefits any new technology also bears its risks, and there are still a range of unanswered questions and concerns about long-term impact of genetically modified crops – that with knowledge and precautionary approaches can be avoided or mitigated. Sustainability of genetically modified crops for pest control largely depends on the willingness to gain and implement such knowledge.
Para leer la espiritualidad de Agustín. Elementos espirituales
Authors: Grossi Vittorino ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the key ideas to understand S. Augustine’s Spirituality, setting in its context the figure of the postconstatinian saint, and discussing the topic of the degrees of sanctity in Saint Augustine. Later, it deals with the various spiritual phases in the writings of Saint Augustine, dividing the life of the doctor of Hippo in two moments, before and after his priestly ordination, pointing out in the second stage the role and function of the Holy Spirit as love and principle of holiness. The importance of spiritual man in the period of the anti-Pelagian struggle is also revealed. It also explains what is for Saint Augustine the spirituality of the heart.
La espiritualidad agustiniana de la vida conyugal
Authors: Grossi Vittorino ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

The article addresses the spirituality of marriage according to Saint Augustine and has three parts. In the first part, the context of the Roman family institution, in which the Christian vision of the family was born and matured, is presented. Secondly, the presentation of the Christian family in the time of Saint Augustine is made, highlighting the three heterodox currents of that time in relation to marriage, as well as the position of the Bishop of Hippo regarding the body. Subsequently, a presentation of the most significant texts of De Bono coniugali is made. Thirdly, some pastoral observations are presented, starting from the penitential practice of Saint Augustine in relation to the wounded families, to later make a comparison with the contents expressed by Pope Francis in the Apostolic Exhortation Amoris laetitia on the same topic.
La espiritualidad de la madre de familia: Mónica «mater», imagen de la Iglesia
Authors: Grossi Vittorino ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

The article presents the figure of Monica, mother of Augustine, highlighting her spirituality as a Christian mother, underlining especially three elements. First, the fact that Monica is a middle-class woman, in relationship to women of high social rank, of whom we know the stories, told by Gregory of Nissa, Gregory of Nazianzus or Jerome. Later, the article points out how Monica is the image of the Church, and not just a domestic example of a Christian mother. Finally, the article shows that Monica, as “mother”, plays a role in the society, not only with respect to her children, but also expresses the identity of the mother. In Monica, the woman as “mother” is “subject” of rights, is “uxor” according to Roman law.
La virgen cristiana en los escritos de Ambrosio y de Agustín
Authors: Grossi Vittorino ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

The article presents the figure of the consecrated virgin, as it appears in the writings of Ambrose of Milan and Augustine of Hippo. It also offers a contextual synthesis of the conditions of women in Late Antiquity, both in civil society, presenting the women as uxor, the situation of the Vestal Virgins, as well as the women’s stituation within the Christian communities. Later a summary of the main Latin patristic writings on virginity is made, to analyze and compare in more detail, Saint Ambrose’s De Virginibus and Saint Augustine’s De sancta Virginitate.
'In tuam invocationem rumpebam nodos linguae meae' (conf. 1, 14): Un poco más que aprender a hablar
Authors: D’Andrea Bruno N. ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

The first book of Augustine’s Confessions has attracted the attention of many Scholars for a long time, especially the interest of those who study the Philosophy of Language. The article presents some considerations about the acquisition of language as explained by Augustine in the first Book of the Confessions, trying to verify if the only purpose of the Bishop of Hippo when narrating this event, typical of pueritia, was to communicate to the reader when and how he learned to speak. The article tries to point out that Augustine probably wanted to describe the moment when he was able for the first time to address God. In this sense, Augustine’s intention would be to point that the process of learning to speak is a necessary step to be able to call on God, to praise him and to pray, all topics which are important within Augustine’s Confessions.