bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turismo arqueológico, educação e os sambaquis do complexo lagunar sul de Santa Catarina: proposta de um circuito para visitação
Authors: Guimarães Geovan Martins , Zamparetti Bruna Cataneo , Farias Deisi Scunderlick Eloy de , Anjos Francisco Antônio dos
Published: September 2017

Os sambaquis são sítios arqueológicos construídos por grupos pescadores-caçadores-coletores pré-coloniais, sendo recorrentes no litoral sul do Estado de Santa Catarina. Apresentam características funerárias e ritualísticas, tendo como principal elemento construtivo os moluscos, que acumulados ao longo dos anos, formaram grandes montes que ultrapassaram 40 metros de altura. Esse importante patrimônio arqueológico vem sendo depredado ao longo do tempo.  Inicialmente eram desmontados para a construção das primeiras vilas, no período colonial, após as indústrias caieiras, e posteriormente como elemento de aterro de estradas e lotes nos municípios. Atualmente a expansão urbana e a prática de esportes radicais são os problemas que afetam os sítio arqueológico. Apesar da vulnerabilidade dos sambaquis, essa realidade pode ser transformada, desde que medidas legais estejam aliadas às ações de valorização para a sensibilização e preservação do patrimônio arqueológico regional. Desta forma, objetiva-se neste artigo propor ações de visibilidade e valorização do patrimônio arqueológico regional, sobretudo, os Sambaquis.
Identidade e comida: gastronomia tradicional de Florianópolis apreciada como patrimônio cultural imaterial
Authors: Ronchetti Anita De Gusmão , Müller Silvana Graudenz
Published: September 2017

A Gastronomia é um conjunto de conhecimentos e está inserida na sociedade construindo as identidades culturais locais. Este artigo apresenta o contexto de Identidade Cultural Alimentar, Conhecimento Tradicional Gastronômico, Patrimônio Cultural Gastronômico e apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a gastronomia tradicional de Florianópolis, cidade localizada no litoral sul do Brasil. A pesquisa foi realizada com a participação de moradores da cidade. Constatou-se que não há apenas um prato a ser considerado como tradicional, mas sim uma série de características envolvendo técnicas e ingredientes locais. Apesar da região não possuir registro de patrimônio imaterial ligado à Gastronomia, os conhecimentos gastronômicos locais são fundamentais na identidade local.
Comunicação, consumo e o arquétipo da grande-mãe: a maternidade na perspectiva das marcas
Authors: Souza Felipe Machado de , Fialho Antônio Francisco
Published: September 2017

Na sociedade de consumo, as marcas se transformaram em códigos culturais que vinculam objetos e indivíduos. Elas se tornaram percepções e ideias do mundo; além de expectativas, estilos de vida e projeções de um indivíduo. Sendo assim, os produtos passaram a servir como dispositivos simbólicos que permitem aos consumidores projetar seu eu e sua autoimagem. Contudo, para atingir seu público-alvo, no mercado competitivo da atualidade, as marcas dependem de uma comunicação eficaz que atribua significados e encantamentos coletivos a seus produtos e serviços, atingindo seus consumidores de modo inconsciente e emocional. Para tanto, os arquétipos são meios que permitem, justamente, fazer a intermediação entre produtos e as motivações dos consumidores, pois oferecem uma experiência intangível de significado. Isso ocorre porque as imagens arquetípicas, aplicadas na comunicação das marcas, sugerem a realização dos mais básicos desejos e motivações humanas, liberando emoções e anseios profundos. O objetivo desse artigo é analisar como as marcas usufruem dos arquétipos para evocar sentimentos e criar conexões com seus consumidores. Para elucidar a análise, verificaremos o uso do arquétipo da Grande-Mãe – que discorre sobre o zelo, o cuidado, a função protetora e geradora de vida–emanúncios publicitários e logotipos que possuem, no contexto imagético, a relação de zelo e proteção das mães para com seus familiares.
A memória humana como objeto de pesquisa: uma lacuna do conhecimento interdisciplinar a ser explorada
Authors: Muller Jactania Marques , Fialho Francisco Antônio Pereira , Freire Patricia De Sá
Published: September 2017

O campo de estudos sobre a memória é amplo. A memória humana é, principalmente, abordada pelas áreas de neurociência e psicologia cognitiva. Além desta interface neuropsicológica, percebe-se que se faz necessário promover um diálogo com outros paradigmas disciplinares para que seja possível aprofundar a compreensão da memória humana e seus mecanismos de funcionamento subjacentes. Neste contexto, este estudo tem como objetivo elaborar uma revisão no conceito de memória, abordando os diferentes tipos de memórias, os quais cumprem diferentes funções. Para alcançar este objetivo, é realizada uma revisão integrativa de artigos publicados em periódicos disponíveis na base de dados Scopus. 254 publicações foram coletadas a partir dos descritores utilizados e, após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 41 artigos configuraram-se em amostra final. Em sequência à análise dos artigos, o objetivo do estudo foi alcançado e pode-se concluir que ao proporcionar um espaço de dialogo comum e integração das disciplinas e do conhecimento científico disponível, a perspectiva interdisciplinar no que diz respeito aos estudos sobre memória, permite-nos compreender as possibilidades dessa capacidade humana.
Programa casas do patrimônio: da institucionalização ao iminente obscurantismo
Authors: Souza Igor Alexander Nascimento de
Published: September 2017

Esse artigo tem o objetivo de analisar o programa Casas do Patrimônio, cuja finalidade é ampliar os espaços de diálogo entre o poder público e a sociedade civil. Trata-se da análise de um dos Macroprocessos Institucionais da Educação Patrimonial (EP) no âmbito da Política Nacional de Patrimônio Cultural, denominado Gestão Compartilhada das Ações Educativas. Para isso foram examinados os Marcos Programáticos da Política de EP: o I Encontro Nacional de EP, I Seminário de Avaliação e Planejamento das Casas do Patrimônio, a Oficina de Capacitação em EP e Fomento a Projetos Culturais nas Casas do Patrimônio, o I Fórum Nacional do Patrimônio Cultural e o II Encontro Nacional de EP; assim como o caso da Casa do Patrimônio de João Pessoa. Dentre as inferências, o risco de descontinuidade do programa Casas do Patrimônio em decorrência da instabilidade política ocasionada pelo Impeachment e a ascensão de um governo de legitimidade questionável.
Ações de educação patrimonial em Ouro Preto – relato de experiência
Authors: Fernandes Simone Monteiro Silvestre
Published: September 2017

Este artigo apresenta parte das considerações levantadas pela autora no desenvolvimento de sua dissertação de mestrado do “Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Preservação do Patrimônio Cultural do IPHAN - PEP/MP”, cujo estudo teve como foco suasinquietações e observações como historiadora, atuando na área educativa do Escritório Técnico de Ouro Preto do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN), através da Casa do Patrimônio de Ouro Preto. O “Programa Sentidos Urbanos: patrimônio e cidadania” foi uma das atividades desenvolvidas e objeto desta discussão. Este programa foi pensado para melhorar a relação entre o cidadão e o órgão federal preservacionista, a cidade e sua preservação.Para análise crítica das atividades realizadas pela Casa do Patrimônio, também foram levantadas questões sobre ações educativas da década de 1980, desenvolvidas em Ouro Preto.
O cinema de animação e o imaginário da saúde, da atenção e do cuidado: contribuições para a educação e formação de profissionais da saúde
Authors: Penteado Regina Zanella , Neves Rodrigues Pedro Henrique Giambroni
Published: September 2017

O objetivo é realizar uma leitura do imaginário da saúde na linguagem do cinema de animação. As leituras são direcionadas para o repertório imagético e sonoro do protagonista Baymax, na animação “Operação Big-Hero”, atentas ao corpo/corporeidade/expressividade desse personagem; elas se encontram ancoradas em Mikhail Bakhtin (Grotesco), Pierre Bourdieu (Hexis e Habitus), Esther Dìaz (Imaginário Social) e referenciais da Saúde Coletiva e possibilitam reflexões concernentes ao conceito de saúde, ao modelo de atenção e às formas de cuidado hegemônicas na sociedade. O estudo evidencia que o cinema de animação, enquanto prática educativa que integra o cotidiano do público infanto-juvenil e seus familiares, por ratificar imaginários que afirmam estereótipos tradicionais das práticas de saúde, acaba por dificultar a abertura necessária para a educação transformadora da sociedade e da formação dos profissionais da saúde; e mostra como uma mudança nos modos de ver, pensar, lidar e fazer saúde não ocorre apartada da cultura.
As camadas na floresta do simbólico: uma leitura do livro “Diferença e descobrimento: o que é o imaginário? A hipótese do excedente de significação”, de Juremir Machado da Silva (2017)
Authors: Machado Anderson Dos Santos
Published: September 2017

Resenha do livro “Diferença e descobrimento:  o que é o imaginário? A hipótese do excedente de significação”, de Juremir Machado da Silva (2017)
Os eternos opostos e o narrar e ensaiar na hipermodernidade
Authors: Gomes Geam Karlo
Published: September 2017

As características que compõem a fisionomia dos novos tempos não se esquivam da perene presença dos eternos opostos: o Bem e o Mal. Este texto se propõe apresentar sua manifestação nos quatro polos axiomáticos da hipermodernidade e nas chamadas comunidades emocionais: o tribalismo. Como a literatura é indissociável da vida humana, este texto também busca perceber como esses opostos estão configurados no romance “Diário de um ano ruim”, de J.M. Coetzee. Uma trama onde o ensaio e a narrativa acentuam, respectivamente, a função integrativa entre o criticar e vivenciar, explicar e sentir; além disso, evidenciam a ligação orgânica entre o Bem e o Mal, e sua essência antitética simbólica: o Senhor C e Alan.
A luz contra as trevas: o mal nas mitologias como raiz simbólica e imaginária do etnocentrismo
Authors: De Oliveira Julvan Moreira
Published: September 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender as matrizes imaginárias que dão base para o preconceito, a discriminação e o racismo que se manifestam intensamente em nosso cotidiano. Utilizando de uma análise mitocrítica, esse estudo acentuando a importância do mito como um vetor para a compreensão do espírito humano, buscou os pressupostos ou imagens que estão ligadas as personificações do mal, imagens que em nossa cultura são simbolizadas pela cor preta, identificadas por Durand como “as faces do tempo”, ou seja, nictomórficas, catamórficas e teriomórficas. Conclui-se que as estruturas do imaginário individual e/ou grupal no ocidente é marcado pelo universo esquizomórfico, ou heroico. Este regime imaginário será sempre excludente do negro e do feminino. Assim, será necessária uma reelaboração simbólica dos nossos discursos pedagógicos, em direção a outra estrutura imaginária, em que a cor preta não represente a queda, mas que tenha o sentido de tranquilidade, da noite calma e do calor ou conforto do lar.
Viagem e memória em Veneza: o imaginário da cidade entre a água e os sonhos
Authors: Da Silva Valéria Cristina Pereira
Published: September 2017

O presente artigo busca compreender a cidade imaginária através do simbolismo da água. A imagem de Veneza é analisada a partir da fenomenologia da imaginação unida à experiência, a percepção e o contato com a própria cidade. A Veneza poética, simbólica, transcendental, arquetípica presente na consciência dos poetas da forma e das palavras, dos sons, das cores e todas artes sinestésicas, é aqui também reatualizada em forma de narrativa e memória, através da experiência da viagem, do olhar estrangeiro e do contato afetivo com essa bela e emblemática cidade azul.
Os espaços órfãos em terra avulsa de Altair Martins
Authors: Veras Márcia Regina Da Silva Quintanilha , Piva Mairim Linck
Published: September 2017

Esta análise pretende pensar na espacialidade na obra Terra avulsa, de Altair Martins. A obra evidencia no seu plano imagético a questão do espaço físico relacionando-o com as questões subjetivas, no qual o autoexílio caracterizase como renúncia ao mundo exterior que comprime a subjetividade. Para melhor refletir sobre categorias espaciais na obra, que se configuram como espaços de proteção e resistência em oposição a espaços de descentramento e controle, buscamos a contribuição da teoria do imaginário nas linhas de Gaston Bachelard e Gibert Durand; para discutir sobre os fenômenos sociais que levam a personagem à situação de isolamento, apoiam-nos no olhar sociológico de Zygmunt Bauman.
Ação política e solidariedade na luta contra a impunidade
Authors: Bogado Adriana Marcela
Published: September 2017

Neste texto discutimos algumas formas que assume a luta contra os crimes impunes, assim como o processo de empoderamento decorrente desse engajamento. Tomamos como base a trajetória biográfica de Graciela Centurión, que desde 2006 luta por justiça pela morte não esclarecida de sua filha. Esta trajetória foi reconstruída durante uma pesquisa de doutorado em que estudamos a participação política de mulheres em movimentos sociais contemporâneos na Argentina, sob a ótica de suas experiências e memórias.
Participação política na periferia leste de São Paulo: memória de antigos moradores (1940-1980)
Authors: Dantas Adriana Santiago Rosa , Perosa Graziela Serroni
Published: September 2017

Este artigo discute a participação política à luz de um distrito da Zona Leste de São Paulo, Ermelino Matarazzo, a partir do relato de antigos moradores que atuaram na região. Esta análise microssocial permitiu reconhecer a mudança de atores localizada no tempo e no espaço, relacionada a processos que acompanharam a formação da periferia paulistana como a industrialização, a migração, a autoconstrução, a favelização. Pretende-se demonstrar os diferentes atores e suas respectivas demandas que caracterizaram a participação tanto nas Sociedades de Amigos de Bairros (SABs) quanto nos movimentos por moradia entre as décadas de 1940 a 1980.
Fontes digitais para a pesquisa em memória social: dois estudos de caso
Authors: Henriques Rosali Maria Nunes , Rabello Rafaella Prata
Published: September 2017

Este texto discute como a internet, principalmente as redes sociais, tem mudado a forma como os jovens lidam com os processos de lembrança e esquecimento na internet, analisando o surgimento do Facebook e como as ações de postar, curtir e compartilhar fazem parte do cotidiano dos jovens nativos digitais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o uso do Facebook como fonte de pesquisa na área de memória social em duas pesquisas distintas: a primeira delas diz respeito à memória da cidade de Juiz de Fora, MG, por meio dos registros de postagens no Grupo “Antiga Juiz de Fora”, no Facebook. O segundo estudo tem como objetivo analisar o comportamento dos jovens diante dessa nova tecnologia.
Indeks Gonadosomatik dan Struktur Histologis Gonad Ikan Uceng (Nemacheilus fasciatus, Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1846)
Authors: Nurhidayat Luthfi , Arfiani Febrina Nanda , Retnoaji Bambang
Published: September 2017

Uceng fish is wild native fish of Indonesia that live in fresh water river. It is very common that people consume the fish for it high protein contain. High demand of fish availability cause the fish exploitation increasing rapidly in nature. The high intensity of fish exploitation, soon will induce declining population of the fish and leading to extinction. Uceng fish cultivation is one alternative to solve the tread. The purpose of this research is to examine the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) and gonad histological structure of male and female uceng fish (Nemacheilus fasciatus) on the period of immature and mature. Fish were dissected , weighed and the gonads were measured for gonadosomatic index. Moreover, gonad were fixed in NBF 5% for histological preparation by paraffin method and which than were stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin. The result were analyzed for both qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative analysis was conducted for gonad histological structure of male and female fish, while quantitative analysis was for Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) of fish respectively. The result showed that there were differences on the gonadosomatic index of males and females fish, the histological structure of ovarian follicle and the composition of the spermatogenic cells of immature gonads and mature gonads of the fish respectively. It was conclude that there are differences on Gonadosomatic Index and gonad histological structure on immature and mature of male and female of Uceng fish (N. fasciatus).
Dual Trapezoidal Fuzzy Number and its Applications
Authors:   Research Scholar,Department of Mathematics, St. Jo, S Revathy , J Jon Arockiaraj ,   Head and Assistant Professor,Department of Mathematics, St. Joseph�s college of Arts and Science Cuddalore India
Published: September 2017

In this Paper, we introduce Convergence of α-Cut. We define at Which point the α-Cut converges to the fuzzy numbers and it will be illustrated by example using dual trapezoidal fuzzy number and some mensuration problems are illustrated with approximated values. In this paper, we introduce Dual trapezoidal fuzzy numbers with its membership functions and its applications. Section one presents the introduction, section two presents the basic definition of fuzzy numbers section three presents Dual trapezoidal fuzzy numbers and its applications and in the final section we give conclusion.
Econometric Modelling of the Fiscal Pressure on the Equilibrium of a Sample of Entities
Authors: Batrancea Ioan , Morar Ioan-Dan , Bechis Liviu , Csegedi Sandor , Sabau Catalin
Published: September 2017

The financial equilibrium of the enterprise is an important company function ensuring by itself the maintenance of the enterprise of the competitive market. The financial equilibrium is analysed in numerous empirical studies. In this empirical study we highlight for the first time in a research the impact that taxation has on the financial equilibrium of some companies over ten years, period that includes the pre-crisis, the financial crisis and post-crisis periods.
Passive Sonar Target Detection Using Statistical Classifier and Adaptive Threshold
Authors: Komari Alaie Hamed , Farsi Hassan
Published: September 2017

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation about target detecting with passive sonar in Persian Gulf. Detecting propagated sounds in the water is one of the basic challenges of the researchers in sonar field. This challenge will be complex in shallow water (like Persian Gulf) and noise less vessels. Generally, in passive sonar the targets are detected by sonar equation (with constant threshold) which increase the detection error in shallow water. Purpose of this study is proposed a new method for detecting targets in passive sonars using adaptive threshold. In this method, target signal (sound) is processed in time and frequency domain. For classifying, Bayesian classification is used and prior distribution is estimated by Maximum Likelihood algorithm. Finally, target was detected by combining the detection points in both domains using LMS adaptive filter. Results of this paper has showed that proposed method has improved true detection rate about 27% compare other the best detection method.
Learning Classifier System Based on Mean of Reward
Authors: Tatsumi Takato ,   The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan, Sato Hiroyuki , Takadama Keiki
Published: September 2017

This paper focuses on the generalization of classifiers in noisy problems and aims at construction learning classifier system (LCS) that can acquire the optimal classifier subset by dynamically determining the classifier generalization criteria. In this paper, an accuracy-based LCS (XCS) that uses the mean of the reward (XCS-MR) is introduced, which can correctly identify classifiers as either accurate or inaccurate for noisy problems, and investigates its effectiveness when used for several noisy problems. Applying XCS and an XCS based on the variance of reward (XCS-VR) as the conventional LCSs, along with XCS-MR, to noisy 11-multiplexer problems where the reward value changes according to a Gaussian distribution, Cauchy distribution, and lognormal distribution revealed the following: (1) XCS-VR and XCS-MR could select the correct action for every type of reward distribution; (2) XCS-MR could appropriately generalize the classifiers with the smallest amount of data; and (3) XCS-MR could acquire the optimal classifier subset in every trial for every type of reward distribution.
Value of Public Health Funding in Preventing Hospital Bloodstream Infections in the United States
Authors: Whittington Melanie D. , Bradley Cathy J. , Atherly Adam J. , Campbell Jonathan D. , Lindrooth Richard C.
Published: September 2017

Objectives. To estimate the association of 1 activity of the Prevention and Public Health Fund with hospital bloodstream infections and calculate the return on investment (ROI).

Methods. The activity was funded for 1 year (2013). A difference-in-differences specification evaluated hospital standardized infection ratios (SIRs) before funding allocation (years 2011 and 2012) and after funding allocation (years 2013 and 2014) in the 15 US states that received the funding compared with hospital SIRs in states that did not receive the funding. We estimated the association of the funded public health activity with SIRs for bloodstream infections. We calculated the ROI by dividing cost offsets from infections averted by the amount invested.

Results. The funding was associated with a 33% (P < .05) reduction in SIRs and an ROI of $1.10 to $11.20 per $1 invested in the year of funding allocation (2013). In 2014, after the funding stopped, significant reductions were no longer evident.

Conclusions. This activity was associated with a reduction in bloodstream infections large enough to recoup the investment. Public health funding of carefully targeted areas may improve health and reduce health care costs.
Emergency Medical Service Personnel’s Risk From Violence While Serving the Community
Authors: Maguire Brian J. , O’Neill Barbara J.
Published: September 2017

Objectives. To determine the risks of violence-related injury among emergency medical services (EMS) personnel in the United States.

Methods. We analyzed 1630 violence-related occupational injury cases reported to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics for the years 2012 to 2015 and conducted secondary searches within the Bureau of Labor Statistics Web site.

Results. The number of cases per year varied between 250 and 560. Perpetrators included patients (77%) and coworkers (8%). Female EMS personnel had a disproportionately greater risk of violence-related injuries. The most common (35%) injury type was “sprains–strains–tears”; about 4% of the assault cases resulted in fractures, 13% resulted in surface wounds, and 190 were head injuries. About a third of the cases were classified as intentional.

Conclusions. The findings indicate a clear need for reliable interventions. The differences in risk for women indicate that some interventions may need to be demographic-specific. Because of the limitations of national data, future researchers will need access to agency-level data that include hours worked and call volume by demographic factors such as gender.
The Changing Pattern of Nutrition Intake by Social Class in Contemporary China, 1991–2011
Authors: Xu Zhun , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2017

Objectives. To explore the changing pattern of nutrition intake by social class in contemporary China.

Methods. We defined social class in 2 ways. The first definition was based on employment, and the second definition was based on per capita household income levels. We used China Health and Nutrition Survey data from 1991 to 2011 to show the changes in the relation between social class and nutrition intake.

Results. The relation between social class and nutrition intake in China changed significantly within the 2 decades. For example, in the early 1990s, the lowest social class (defined by employment or income) had more caloric intake than did the highest social class; 20 years later, however, the relation reversed, and the lowest social class consumed significantly fewer calories.

Conclusions. China has seen a great reversal in its social class–nutrition relationship since the early 1990s. Our study calls for wider recognition that insufficient consumption of food and nutrition is increasingly an issue for people in the lower social classes in China.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Among US Children (2002–2010): Socioeconomic, Racial, and Ethnic Disparities
Authors: Durkin Maureen S. , Maenner Matthew J. , Baio Jon , Christensen Deborah , Daniels Julie , Fitzgerald Robert , Imm Pamela , Lee Li-Ching , Schieve Laura A. , Van Naarden Braun Kim , Wingate Martha S. , Yeargin-Allsopp Marshalyn
Published: September 2017

Objectives. To describe the association between indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the United States during the period 2002 to 2010, when overall ASD prevalence among children more than doubled, and to determine whether SES disparities account for ongoing racial and ethnic disparities in ASD prevalence.

Methods. We computed ASD prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from population-based surveillance, census, and survey data. We defined SES categories by using area-level education, income, and poverty indicators. We ascertained ASD in 13 396 of 1 308 641 8-year-old children under surveillance.

Results. The prevalence of ASD increased with increasing SES during each surveillance year among White, Black, and Hispanic children. The prevalence difference between high- and low-SES groups was relatively constant over time (3.9/1000 [95% CI = 3.3, 4.5] in 2002 and 4.1/1000 [95% CI = 3.6, 4.6] in the period 2006–2010). Significant racial/ethnic differences in ASD prevalence remained after stratification by SES.

Conclusions. A positive SES gradient in ASD prevalence according to US surveillance data prevailed between 2002 and 2010, and racial and ethnic disparities in prevalence persisted during this time among low-SES children.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Two Food Insecurity Screeners Recommended for Use in Health Care Settings
Authors: Makelarski Jennifer A. , Abramsohn Emily , Benjamin Jasmine H. , Du Senxi , Lindau Stacy Tessler
Published: September 2017

Objectives. To test the diagnostic accuracy of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended food insecurity screener.

Methods. We conducted prospective diagnostic accuracy studies between July and November 2016 in Chicago, Illinois. We recruited convenience samples of adults from adult and pediatric emergency departments (12-month recall study: n = 188; 30-day recall study: n = 154). A self-administered survey included the 6-item Household Food Security Screen (gold standard), the validated 2-item Hunger Vital Sign (HVS; often, sometimes, never response categories), and the 2-item AAP tool (yes-or-no response categories).

Results. Food insecurity was prevalent (12-month recall group: 46%; 30-day group: 39%). Sensitivity of the AAP tool using 12-month and 30-day recall was, respectively, 76% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 65%, 85%) and 72% (95% CI = 57%, 84%). The HVS sensitivity was significantly higher than the AAP tool (12-month: 94% [95% CI = 86%, 98%; P = .002]; 30-day: 92% [95% CI = 79%, 98%; P = .02]).

Conclusions. The AAP tool missed nearly a quarter of food-insecure adults screened in the hospital; the HVS screening tool was more sensitive.

Public health implications. Health care systems adopting food insecurity screening should optimize ease of administration and sensitivity of the screening tool.
Nursing and the Public Health Legacies of the Russian Revolution
Authors: Grant Susan
Published: September 2017

The centenary of the October Revolution in 1917 provides a timely opportunity to assess the legacies of that event. I examine the role of the revolution in public health with a focus on nursing, assessing the Imperial Russian health care system, the development of Soviet nursing, and current plans for nursing and public health care in Putin’s Russia. Analyzing nursing shows that there was a great deal of continuity in terms of medical personnel and ideas on how public health care service in Russia should operate. Nursing illuminates some of the complexities of Soviet health care and ideology, particularly the state’s desire to create a socialist form of nursing in theory, despite the strong links with the prerevolutionary past in the form of personnel. This situation changed after the collapse of the Soviet Union, when the new Russian state attempted to sever connections with the past, this time with the Soviet past. But as I show, making a clean break with the past is a difficult and often fraught process.
Effect of Surgeon and Hospital Volume on Morbidity and Mortality After Hip Fracture
Authors: Okike Kanu , Chan Priscilla H. , Paxton Elizabeth W.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Prior studies have examined the relationship between surgeon and hospital volumes and outcome following hip fracture surgical procedures, but the results have been inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to assess the hip fracture volume-outcome relationship by analyzing data from a large, managed care registry.

Methods:

The Kaiser Permanente Hip Fracture Registry prospectively records information on surgically treated hip fractures within the managed health-care system. Using this registry, all surgically treated hip fractures in patients 60 years of age or older were identified. Surgeon and hospital volume were defined as the number of hip fracture surgical procedures performed in the preceding 12 months and were divided into tertiles (low, medium, and high). The primary outcome was mortality at 1 year postoperatively. Secondary outcomes were mortality at 30 and 90 days postoperatively as well as reoperation (lifetime), medical complications (90-day), and unplanned readmission (30-day). To determine the relationship between volume and these outcome measures, multivariate logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression were performed, controlling for potentially confounding variables.

Results:

Of 14,294 patients in the study sample, the majority were female (71%) and white (79%), and the mean age was 81 years. The overall mortality rate was 6% at 30 days, 11% at 90 days, and 21% at 1 year. We did not find an association between surgeon or hospital volume and mortality at 30 days, 90 days, or 1 year (p > 0.05). There was also no association between surgeon or hospital volume and reoperation, medical complications, or unplanned readmission (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

In this analysis of hip fractures treated in a large integrated health-care system, the observed rates of mortality, reoperation, medical complications, and unplanned readmission did not differ by surgeon or hospital volume. In contrast to other orthopaedic procedures, such as total joint arthroplasty, our data do not suggest that hip fractures need to be preferentially directed toward high-volume surgeons or hospitals for treatment.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Flexible Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity
Authors: de Cesar Netto Cesar , Schon Lew C. , Thawait Gaurav K. , da Fonseca Lucas Furtado , Chinanuvathana Apisan , Zbijewski Wojciech B. , Siewerdsen Jeffrey H. , Demehri Shadpour
Published: September 2017

Background:

The 3-dimensional nature of adult acquired flatfoot deformity can be challenging to characterize using radiographs. We tested the hypothesis that measurements on weight-bearing (WB) cone-beam computed tomography (CT) images were more useful for demonstrating the severity of the deformity than non-weight-bearing (NWB) measurements.

Methods:

We prospectively enrolled 12 men and 8 women (mean age, 52 years; range, 20 to 88 years) with flexible adult acquired flatfoot deformity. The subjects underwent cone-beam CT while standing (WB) and seated (NWB), and images were assessed in the sagittal, coronal, and axial planes by 3 independent observers who performed multiple measurements. Intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities were assessed with the Pearson or Spearman correlation and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Measurements were compared using paired Student t tests or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

We found that overall the measurements had substantial intraobserver and interobserver reliability on both the NWB images (mean ICC, 0.80; range, 0.49 to 0.99) and the WB images (mean ICC, 0.81; range, 0.39 to 0.99). Eighteen of 19 measurements differed between WB and NWB cone-beam CT images, with more pronounced deformities on the WB images. The most reliable measurements, based on intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities and the difference between WB and NWB images, were the medial cuneiform-to-floor distance, which averaged 29 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] = 28 to 31 mm) on the NWB images and 18 mm (95% CI = 17 to 19 mm) on the WB images, and the forefoot arch angle (mean, 13° [95% CI = 12° to 15°] and 3.0° [95% CI = 1.4° to 4.6°], respectively) in the coronal view and the cuboid-to-floor distance (mean, 22 mm [95% CI = 21 to 23 mm] and 17 mm [95% CI = 16 to 18 mm], respectively) and the navicular-to-floor distance (mean, 38 mm [95% CI = 36 to 40 mm] and 23 mm [95% CI = 22 to 25 mm], respectively) in the sagittal view.

Conclusions:

Measurements analogous to traditional radiographic parameters of adult acquired flatfoot deformity are obtainable using high-resolution cone-beam CT. Compared with NWB images, WB images better demonstrated the severity of osseous derangement in patients with flexible adult acquired flatfoot deformity.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Tendon Length, Calf Muscle Atrophy, and Strength Deficit After Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture
Authors: Heikkinen Juuso , Lantto Iikka , Piilonen Juuso , Flinkkilä Tapio , Ohtonen Pasi , Siira Pertti , Laine Vesa , Niinimäki Jaakko , Pajala Ari , Leppilahti Juhana
Published: September 2017

Background:

In this prospective study, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess long-term Achilles tendon length, calf muscle volume, and muscle fatty degeneration after surgery for acute Achilles tendon rupture.

Methods:

From 1998 to 2001, 60 patients at our center underwent surgery for acute Achilles tendon rupture followed by early functional postoperative rehabilitation. Fifty-five patients were reexamined after a minimum duration of follow-up of 13 years (mean, 14 years), and 52 of them were included in the present study. Outcome measures included Achilles tendon length, calf muscle volume, and fatty degeneration measured with MRI of both the affected and the uninjured leg. The isokinetic plantar flexion strength of both calves was measured and was correlated with the structural findings.

Results:

The Achilles tendon was, on average, 12 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.6 to 15.6 mm; p < 0.001) longer (6% longer) in the affected leg than in the uninjured leg. The mean volumes of the soleus and medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles were 63 cm3 (13%; p < 0.001), 30 cm3 (13%; p < 0.001), and 16 cm3 (11%; p < 0.001) lower in the affected leg than in the uninjured leg, whereas the mean volume of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) was 5 cm3 (5%; p = 0.002) greater in the affected leg, indicating FHL compensatory hypertrophy. The median plantar flexion strength for the whole range of motion ranged from 12% to 18% less than that on the uninjured side. Finally, the side-to-side difference in Achilles tendon length correlated substantially with the strength deficit (ρ = 0.51, p < 0.001) and with medial gastrocnemius (ρ = 0.46, p = 0.001) and soleus (ρ = 0.42, p = 0.002) muscle atrophy.

Conclusions:

Increased Achilles tendon length is associated with smaller calf muscle volumes and persistent plantar flexion strength deficits after surgical repair of Achilles tendon rupture. Strength deficits and muscle volume deficits are partly compensated for by FHL hypertrophy, but 11% to 13% deficits in soleus and gastrocnemius muscle volumes and 12% to 18% deficits in plantar flexion strength persist even after long-term follow-up.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Graduation Protocol After Growing-Rod Treatment: Removal of Implants without New Instrumentation Is Not a Realistic Approach
Authors: Kocyigit Ismail Aykut , Olgun Z. Deniz , Demirkiran H. Gokhan , Ayvaz Mehmet , Yazici Muharrem
Published: September 2017

Background:

The growing rod remains an effective option in the treatment of early-onset scoliosis, and has previously been likened to an internal brace. While details of growing-rod treatment have been largely agreed on, the appropriate end point remains a matter of controversy. A decision was made in 2004, at the beginning of growing-rod treatment at our institution, to remove longitudinal instrumentation when the period of lengthening concluded and, similar to discontinuing a brace, leave the spine free.

Methods:

From 2004, patients managed with a growing rod who were ≤10 years old at the time of the index surgery and had no previous surgery were enrolled in the prospective treatment pathway. For this report, the inclusion criteria were complete records and radiographs; regular lengthenings; no complications defined as SV (severity grade) IIA, IIB, III, or IV; and a minimum follow-up of 2 years after reaching the age of 14 years. At the age of 14 years, the patients were reevaluated and 1 of 3 treatments was undertaken. In Group 1, which included patients with adequate correction and no requirement for extension of fusion, the growing rods were removed. In Group 2, which included patients with inadequate correction and/or interval changes, the growing rods were removed and instrumented fusion was performed. In Group 3, which included patients with a Risser sign of 0 or who were otherwise immature, lengthening was continued.

Results:

Twenty-six patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age at the time of the index operation was 82.6 months. There were 10 patients in Group 1, 9 patients in Group 2, and 7 patients in Group 3. Of the 10 patients whose rods were removed without additional instrumentation, 9 had clinically important worsening of the deformity and required reimplantation with fusion.

Conclusions:

Despite the initial intention to remove the implants, allow the spine to regain motion, and observe patients when they turned 14, the results of this report reveal that only 10 of the initially included 26 patients met the criteria to do so. In 9 of these patients, the deformity worsened after removal, confirming that prolonged growing-rod treatment does not necessarily result in spontaneous, reliable fusion. Removal of spinal implants without new instrumentation is not a realistic graduation protocol following growing-rod treatment, and implants should be retained, or if extension is required, another procedure should be undertaken.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Does 20 Years of Tillage and N Fertilization Influence Properties of a Claypan Soil in the Eastern Great Plains?
Authors: Sweeney Daniel W.
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas

Claypan soil properties were minimally affected by tillage and N fertilization after 20 years.

Soil organic matter distribution was affected by tillage, but with no apparent net difference.

Long‐term tillage and N fertilization did not affect soil bulk density or penetration resistance.

Subtle long‐term soil changes may not influence producer choices for tillage and N fertilization.

Tillage and nitrogen (N) fertilization systems may affect soil chemical and physical properties, especially long term. This study's objective was to examine the effect of three tillage systems (conventional tillage, reduced tillage, and no‐till) with four N fertilizer treatments on properties of a claypan soil in the eastern Great Plains after 20 yr of cropping. Soil chemical and physical properties were little affected by long‐term tillage and N fertilization. The lack of tillage to distribute soil phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrients within no‐till treatments resulted in lower P and K values below the surface. In no‐till, the accumulation of organic matter in the surface soil (0 to 7.5 cm) was countered by lower organic matter in the 7.5‐ to 15 ‐cm zone, resulting in no net increase compared with the other two tillage systems. Soil bulk density and penetration resistance in the surface 30 cm were unaffected by tillage or N fertilization.
Nitrogen Management for Seed Production from Endophyte‐Free Tall Fescue Grown on Claypan Soil
Authors: Sweeney Daniel W. , Moyer Joseph L.
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas

Pastures may be replanted with endophyte‐free seed to avoid harmful alkaloids.

Better N management may be required for endophyte‐free fescue seed production.

Nitrogen fertilizer placement has little effect on endophyte‐free seed production.

Fescue seed yield may be maximized with 150 lb N/acre applied in late winter.

Nitrogen fertilization affects tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] forage production, but data are limited regarding seed production from endophyte‐free tall fescue grown on the claypan soils of the eastern Great Plains. A field study was conducted from fall 1998 to spring 2001 to determine the effects of N fertilizer timing (late fall or late winter), N placement (surface broadcast, spoke [point injection at 3 inches deep], and knife [subsurface band at 4 inches deep]), and N rate (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 lb/acre) on endophyte‐free tall fescue seed yield, yield components, and harvested seed germination. The soil was a Parsons silt loam (fine, mixed, thermic Mollic Albaqualf), which is a typical claypan soil of the area. Seed yield response to N rates to 100 lb N/acre was similar regardless of application timing, but in two of three years, greater N rates applied in late fall improved seed production to about 400 lb/acre. Even though all components of seed yield responded to N fertilization, panicles/ft2 had the highest correlation (r = 0.83) with seed yield and showed greater response in 1999 to N applied in late fall at a higher rate compared with fewer panicles/ft2 at lower rates of N applied in late winter. The effect of N fertilization on germination of harvested seed was small. Fertilizer N placement had little effect on measured variables. In summary, increasing N rate to 150 lb/acre and applying it in late winter has the potential to maximize production of endophyte‐free tall fescue seed.
Comparison of N2O Emissions and Gene Abundances between Wastewater Nitrogen Removal Systems
Authors: Brannon Elizabeth Quinn , Moseman‐Valtierra Serena M. , Lancellotti Brittany V. , Wigginton Sara K. , Amador Jose A. , McCaughey James C. , Loomis George W.
Published: September 2017

Biological nitrogen removal (BNR) systems are increasingly used in the United States in both centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and decentralized advanced onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) to reduce N discharged in wastewater effluent. However, the potential for BNR systems to be sources of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas, needs to be evaluated to assess their environmental impact. We quantified and compared N2O emissions from BNR systems at a WWTP (Field's Point, Providence, RI) and three types of advanced OWTS (Orenco Advantex AX 20, SeptiTech Series D, and Bio‐Microbics MicroFAST) in nine Rhode Island residences (n = 3 per type) using cavity ring‐down spectroscopy. We also used quantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine the abundance of genes from nitrifying (amoA) and denitrifying (nosZ) microorganisms that may be producing N2O in these systems. Nitrous oxide fluxes ranged from −4 × 10−3 to 3 × 10−1 µmol N2O m−2 s−1 and in general followed the order: centralized WWTP > Advantex > SeptiTech > FAST. In contrast, when N2O emissions were normalized by population served and area of treatment tanks, all systems had overlapping ranges. In general, the emissions of N2O accounted for a small fraction (<1%) of N removed. There was no significant relationship between the abundance of nosZ or amoA genes and N2O emissions. This preliminary analysis highlights the need to evaluate N2O emissions from wastewater systems as a wider range of technologies are adopted. A better understanding of the mechanisms of N2O emissions will also allow us to better manage systems to minimize emissions.

Core Ideas

First direct comparison of N2O emissions from N removal at a WWTP and advanced OWTS.

N2O emissions (mol area−1) from OWTS were generally lower relative to BNR at WWTP.

N2O emissions normalized per capita and area were similar between WWTP and OWTS.

N2O emissions generally represented <1% of N removed.

N2O emissions were not related to amoA or nosZ gene abundance.
Identification of Factors Affecting Fecal Pollution in Beaver Lake Reservoir
Authors: Gibson Kristen E. , Lee Jung Ae , Jackson Jay M. , Smith Lauren N. , Almeida Giselle
Published: September 2017

Standard methods for the evaluation of recreational water quality rely on generic bacterial indicators such as Escherichia coli. However, E. coli does not provide enough information to determine fecal source or public health risk. The stsudy objective was to determine factors influencing the presence of E. coli and host‐specific markers (HSM) from upstream to downstream in Beaver Lake Reservoir (BLR). From February 2014 to September 2015, 420 base flow and rain event samples were collected from seven sites—two sites from streams (White River [WR] and War Eagle Creek) draining into BLR and five sites from within BLR. Each sample was analyzed for E. coli and by quantitative polymerase chain reaction for HSM related to human, bovine, and poultry. The data indicate that overall levels of E. coli were significantly greater in the WR and significantly lower at the most downstream sampling location in BLR. Escherichia coli is more likely present during spring (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.86), at the WR sampling site (aOR = 3.39), or during a rain event (aOR = 2.73). Moreover, the HSM HumM2 is more likely present (aOR = 1.99) when E. coli is present. These same factors were associated with E. coli concentrations >126 most probable number 100 mL−1 (aOR = 2.76–12.48), except the poultry marker CL was more likely associated (aOR = 3.81) than HumM2. This study revealed that both seasonal and locational factors are important variables for fecal pollution in BLR. Moreover, these same factors may apply to fecal pollution in manmade reservoirs within similar types of watersheds across the United States, as well as internationally.

Core Ideas

E. coli and host‐specific markers (HSM) were monitored in a Beaver Lake Reservoir.

Factors related to presence and concentration of E. coli and HSM were determined.

E. coli levels >126 MPN 100 mL−1 are 12.4 times more likely during a rain event.

The human marker, HumM2, is more likely present when E. coli is present.

The poultry marker, CL, is more likely present when E. coli is >126 MPN 100 mL−1.