bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kurgan rites in the Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age Podolia in light of materials from the funeraryceremonial centre at Yampil
Authors: Włodarczak Piotr
Published: August 2018

The paper discusses the kurgan burial rites observed by communities inhabiting the eastern part of the Podolie Region in the second half of the 4th and first half of the 3rd millennia BC. The presented data concern finds from four areas: Yampil, Kamienka, Mocra, and Tymkove. The research made it possible to distinguish among the examined material assemblages linked with Late Eneolithic communities. They included graves of the Zhivolitovka-Volchansk type, burials in the extended position, as well as burials representing other cultural traditions (Nizhnaya Mikhailovka, Post-Stog). Materials attributed to the Yamnaya culture prevailed, and their analysis allowed us to trace changes in funeral rituals, reflected in the architecture of graves, arrangement of burials, and grave goods. Materials linked with the late phase of this cultural unit have not been recorded.
Public History in Movement – Present Pasts: the Memory of Slavery in Brazil
Authors: de Almeida Juniele Rabêlo , Viana Larissa Moreira
Published: August 2018

Present Pasts: The Memory of Slavery in Brazil is a sound testament to the Brazilian public history movemen.This problematization of the “present pasts of slavery” finds fertile ground in Brazilian public history because of the urgent need to record and analyze representations of this traumatic past, going beyond professional and academic contexts to the public sphere. Public history offers reinvigorating possibilities for mediation between, and intervention in, the past and its publics.The Present Pasts Research Network provides a thought-provoking example of public history’s ability to be sensitive to broad public debate and how the needs, interests, and representations of communities can be addressed through historical representation, interpretation, and active history-making.
Crystal structure of bis{5-methoxy-2-((E)-((4-((E)-1-(methoxyimino)ethyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenolato-κ2
N,O}nickel(II), C34H34N4NiO6
Authors: Ma Jin-Xia , Li Qing-Lin , Li Peng-Peng , Zhao Ji-Xing , Zhao Li
Published: August 2018

C34H34N4NiO6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.5538(5) Å, b = 6.1691(2) Å, c = 24.2831(9) Å, β = 100.519(4)°, Z = 2, V = 1554.43(11) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0402, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0973, T = 294.39(10) K.
Status or Security: The Case of the Middle East and North Africa Region
Authors: Douch Mohamed , Solomon Binyam
Published: August 2018

This paper takes advantage of the new extended military expenditures dataset from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) to estimate demand for military expenditures model for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The extended dataset affords us to adopt robust dynamic panel estimation techniques along with a set of threat and strategic interaction proxies. Our analysis indicates that status seeking (“peer pressure”) explains the bulk of the demand for military spending in the region. We also note a significant trade-off between military and social spending, somewhat mitigating the arms race implied by status. “Resource Curse” is not a significant determinant of military spending in the region especially when applying a robust dynamic specification. We find negative and weak response to local and regional threats suggesting the need for more sophistication in the design of threat proxies.
A Novel Reliability Analysis Method for Turbine Discs with the Mixture of Fuzzy and Probability-Box Variables
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqiang , Gao Huiying , Li Yan-Feng , Huang Hong-Zhong
Published: August 2018

Fuzzy and probability-box (p-box) variables exit widely in aerospace engineering. To evaluate the reliability of turbine discs under the mixture of these two types of variables and guarantee safety, the critical point lies in how to deal with the fuzzy variables. In this paper, a novel method based on equivalent transformation of entropy and saddlepoint approximation (SPA) is proposed to estimate the reliability of turbine discs with the mixture of fuzzy and p-box variables. The advantage of the proposed method is that it can transform fuzzy variables whose memberships are non-normal into normal random variables through entropy invariability; meanwhile, using the SPA, the required sample size and corresponding computational cost decreases greatly. An example is used to illustrate the proposed method and a comparison is also made with the interval Monte Carlo simulation (IMCS). The results indicate that the proposed method is promising and has higher efficiency with almost the same accuracy.
Water Film Formation and Performance Effect on Compressor Stage in Water Injection Process
Authors: Liu Chunlei , Zhang Hai , Yang Lu , Zheng Qun , Yue Guoqiang
Published: August 2018

In this study, the thickness of water film, which is frequently formed on compressor blade surface, was investigated. Simultaneously, its movement and extra torque demand were provided by a simulation model of the code. Having taken into account the transformation in blade’s profile and the thickness feature of the films, the working medium characteristic transformation in compressor stage was analyzed. In addition, formation, development and movement of the water film on a compressor stage were simulated by using unsteady numerical methods in various water injected conditions. Movement characteristics of water droplets in cascade were investigated to understand the flow mechanisms responsible for water film formation process. The forming and the tearing process of water films, which formed on the blade surface, were analyzed at different injection conditions. In consideration of the “Scoop effect” in actual situation, the maximum quantity of injected water can reach 12 %. Results indicated that continuity and region of the film would be developed with the increment of droplet size and injection rate. It was also found that water film’s tearing process brought about flow losses near blade surface due to the increment of surface roughness.
Microstructure Evaluation on Friction Stir Welding of Cryorolled 2219 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Kamal Babu K. , Panneerselvam K. , Sathiya P. , Noorul Haq A. , Sundarrajan S. , Mastanaiah P. , Srinivasa Murthy C. V.
Published: August 2018

This article presents a study of friction stir welding (FSW) on cryorolled (CR) AA2219 alloy using a hexagonal pin tool with different set of process parameters. Normally, AA2219 alloy is difficult to weld, but it is possible to get a defect-free, sound weldment with a solid-state welding technique (FSW) compared to traditional welding methods. Here, among the 9 weld joints, the weld made on CR AA2219 by the hexagonal pin tool with 1,000 r/min tool rotational speed at 25 mm/min welding speed and 3° axis inclination exhibited better tensile strength, impact toughness, hardness, and corrosion resistance. It was confirmed by microscopy analysis that the ultrafine grains structure and dissolution of Al2Cu were present at the weld zone. The fine dimple morphology was found at the fracture surface area of weldment. Also, the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray results showed that the intensity of Al2Cu was decreased at the weld portion for the CR AA2219. Dissolution of precipitates resisted the flow of electrons and delivered good resistance against corrosion. Corroded portion surface topography was analyzed, and pit details were measured.
Deformation Characteristics of Retaining Structures and Nearby Buildings for Different Propped Retaining Walls in Soft Soil
Authors: Liu Nianwu , Duan Nuo , Yu Feng
Published: August 2018

This article reports the field performance of deep excavations of two subway station cases, including the lateral wall deflection behavior and settlement trends of the surrounding soil and nearby buildings. The retaining structures employed in these cases were contiguous pile walls (CPW), soil-mixing walls, and diaphragm walls (DW), all of which were embedded in soft clay. The measured wall deflection profiles exhibited typical bulging behavior at the end of the excavation. The ratios of the measured maximum wall deflection to the excavation depth were found to be similar for all three types of retaining wall. Furthermore, the maximum and minimum corner effects on the wall deflection development were obtained for the DW and CPW, respectively. The measured ground surface settlement increased linearly with increased maximum lateral wall deflection, while the settlement magnitude became extraordinarily large because of the presence of sludgy soil. A concave pattern was proposed for the surface settlement profiles for all three types of retaining wall. The building settlement was quantified, with the value lying between those of the surface settlement and soil settlement at 10-m depth. The soil displacement field induced changes in the side and end resistance behaviors of the loaded piles, along with additional settlement of pile-foundation buildings. In addition, the pile-foundation building settlement was influenced by the corner effect. These research results will enhance our understanding of the deformation characteristics of the retaining structure and nearby buildings. Meanwhile, the findings will provide guidance for the optimal design of the retaining structure in soft soil.
Not All Predictions Are Equal: “What” and “When” Predictions Modulate Activity in Auditory Cortex through Different Mechanisms
Authors: Auksztulewicz Ryszard , Schwiedrzik Caspar M. , Thesen Thomas , Doyle Werner , Devinsky Orrin , Nobre Anna C. , Schroeder Charles E. , Friston Karl J. , Melloni Lucia
Published: August 2018

Using predictions based on environmental regularities is fundamental for adaptive behavior. While it is widely accepted that predictions across different stimulus attributes (e.g., time and content) facilitate sensory processing, it is unknown whether predictions across these attributes rely on the same neural mechanism. Here, to elucidate the neural mechanisms of predictions, we combine invasive electrophysiological recordings (human electrocorticography in 4 females and 2 males) with computational modeling while manipulating predictions about content (“what”) and time (“when”). We found that “when” predictions increased evoked activity over motor and prefrontal regions both at early (∼180 ms) and late (430–450 ms) latencies. “What” predictability, however, increased evoked activity only over prefrontal areas late in time (420–460 ms). Beyond these dissociable influences, we found that “what” and “when” predictability interactively modulated the amplitude of early (165 ms) evoked responses in the superior temporal gyrus. We modeled the observed neural responses using biophysically realistic neural mass models, to better understand whether “what” and “when” predictions tap into similar or different neurophysiological mechanisms. Our modeling results suggest that “what” and “when” predictability rely on complementary neural processes: “what” predictions increased short-term plasticity in auditory areas, whereas “when” predictability increased synaptic gain in motor areas. Thus, content and temporal predictions engage complementary neural mechanisms in different regions, suggesting domain-specific prediction signaling along the cortical hierarchy. Encoding predictions through different mechanisms may endow the brain with the flexibility to efficiently signal different sources of predictions, weight them by their reliability, and allow for their encoding without mutual interference.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPredictions of different stimulus features facilitate sensory processing. However, it is unclear whether predictions of different attributes rely on similar or different neural mechanisms. By combining invasive electrophysiological recordings of cortical activity with experimental manipulations of participants' predictions about content and time of acoustic events, we found that the two types of predictions had dissociable influences on cortical activity, both in terms of the regions involved and the timing of the observed effects. Further, our biophysical modeling analysis suggests that predictability of content and time rely on complementary neural processes: short-term plasticity in auditory areas and synaptic gain in motor areas, respectively. This suggests that predictions of different features are encoded with complementary neural mechanisms in different brain regions.
DMRT5, DMRT3, and EMX2 Cooperatively RepressGsx2at the Pallium–Subpallium Boundary to Maintain Cortical Identity in Dorsal Telencephalic Progenitors
Authors: Desmaris Elodie , Keruzore Marc , Saulnier Amandine , Ratié Leslie , Assimacopoulos Stavroula , De Clercq Sarah , Nan Xinsheng , Roychoudhury Kaushik , Qin Shenyue , Kricha Sadia , Chevalier Clément , Lingner Thomas , Henningfeld Kristine A. , Zarkower David , Mallamaci Antonello , Theil Thomas , Campbell Kenneth , Pieler Tomas , Li Meng , Grove Elizabeth A. , Bellefroid Eric J.
Published: August 2018

Specification of dorsoventral regional identity in progenitors of the developing telencephalon is a first pivotal step in the development of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. Previously, we demonstrated that the two zinc fingerdoublesexandmab-3 related(Dmrt) genes,Dmrt5(Dmrta2) andDmrt3, which are coexpressed in high caudomedial to low rostrolateral gradients in the cerebral cortical primordium, are separately needed for normal formation of the cortical hem, hippocampus, and caudomedial neocortex. We have now addressed the role ofDmrt3andDmrt5in controlling dorsoventral division of the telencephalon in mice of either sex by comparing the phenotypes of single knock-out (KO) with double KO embryos and by misexpressingDmrt5in the ventral telencephalon. We find that DMRT3 and DMRT5 act as critical regulators of progenitor cell dorsoventral identity by repressing ventralizing regulators. Early ventral fate transcriptional regulators expressed in the dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence, such asGsx2, are upregulated in the dorsal telencephalon ofDmrt3;Dmrt5double KO embryos and downregulated when ventral telencephalic progenitors express ectopicDmrt5. Conditional overexpression ofDmrt5throughout the telencephalon produces gene expression and structural defects that are highly consistent with reduced GSX2 activity. Further,Emx2;Dmrt5double KO embryos show a phenotype similar toDmrt3;Dmrt5double KO embryos, and both DMRT3, DMRT5 and the homeobox transcription factor EMX2 bind to a ventral telencephalon-specific enhancer in theGsx2locus. Together, our findings uncover cooperative functions of DMRT3, DMRT5, and EMX2 in dividing dorsal from ventral in the telencephalon.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe identified the DMRT3 and DMRT5 zinc finger transcription factors as novel regulators of dorsoventral patterning in the telencephalon. Our data indicate that they have overlapping functions and compensate for one another. The double, but not the single, knock-out produces a dorsal telencephalon that is ventralized, and olfactory bulb tissue takes over most remaining cortex. Conversely, overexpressingDmrt5throughout the telencephalon causes expanded expression of dorsal gene determinants and smaller olfactory bulbs. Furthermore, we show that the homeobox transcription factor EMX2 that is coexpressed with DMRT3 and DMRT5 in cortical progenitors cooperates with them to maintain dorsoventral patterning in the telencephalon. Our study suggests that DMRT3/5 function with EMX2 in positioning the pallial-subpallial boundary by antagonizing the ventral homeobox transcription factor GSX2.
Postnatal Restriction of Activity-Induced Ca2+Responses to Schwann Cells at the Neuromuscular Junction Are Caused by the Proximo-Distal Loss of Axonal Synaptic Vesicles during Development
Authors: Heredia Dante J. , Feng Cheng-Yuan , Agarwal Andrea , Nennecker Kyle , Hennig Grant W. , Gould Thomas W.
Published: August 2018

Terminal or perisynaptic Schwann cells (TPSCs) are nonmyelinating, perisynaptic glial cells at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) that respond to neural activity by increasing intracellular calcium (Ca2+) and regulate synaptic function. The onset of activity-induced TPSC Ca2+responses, as well as whether axonal Schwann cells (ASCs) along the nerve respond to nerve stimulation during development, is unknown. Here, we show that phrenic nerve stimulation in developing male and female mice elicited Ca2+responses in both ASCs and TPSCs at embryonic day 14. ASC responses were lost in a proximo-distal gradient over time, but could continue to be elicited by bath application of neurotransmitter, suggesting that a loss of release rather than a change in ASC competence accounted for this response gradient. Similar to those of early postnatal TPSCs, developing ASC/TPSC responses were mediated by purinergic P2Y1receptors. The loss of ASC Ca2+responses was correlated to the proximo-distal disappearance of synaptophysin immunoreactivity and synaptic vesicles in phrenic axons. Accordingly, developing ASC Ca2+responses were blocked by botulinum toxin. Interestingly, the loss of ASC Ca2+responses was also correlated to the proximo-distal development of myelination. Finally, compared with postnatal TPSCs, neonatal TPSCs and ASCs displayed Ca2+signals in response to lower frequencies and shorter durations of nerve stimulation. Together, these results with GCaMP3-expressing Schwann cells provideex vivoevidence that both axons and presynaptic terminals initially exhibit activity-induced vesicular release of neurotransmitter, but that the subsequent loss of axonal synaptic vesicles accounts for the postnatal restriction of vesicular release to the NMJ.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeural activity regulates multiple aspects of development, including myelination. Whether the excitation of developing neuronsin vivoresults in the release of neurotransmitter from both axons and presynaptic terminals is unclear. Here, using mice expressing the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP3 in Schwann cells, we show that both terminal/perisynaptic Schwann cells at the diaphragm neuromuscular junction and axonal Schwann cells along the phrenic nerve exhibit activity-induced calcium responses early in development, mediated by the vesicular release of ATP from the axons of motor neurons acting on P2Y1receptors. Theseex vivofindings corroborate classicin vitrostudies demonstrating transmitter release by developing axons, and thus represent a tool to study the mechanisms and significance of this process during embryonic development.
Anterolateral Motor Cortex Connects with a Medial Subdivision of Ventromedial Thalamus through Cell Type-Specific Circuits, Forming an Excitatory Thalamo-Cortico-Thalamic Loop via Layer 1 Apical Tuft Dendrites of Layer 5B Pyramidal Tract Type Neurons
Authors: Guo KuangHua , Yamawaki Naoki , Svoboda Karel , Shepherd Gordon M.G.
Published: August 2018

The anterolateral motor cortex (ALM) and ventral medial (VM) thalamus are functionally linked to support persistent activity during motor planning. We analyzed the underlying synaptic interconnections using optogenetics and electrophysiology in mice (female/male). In cortex, thalamocortical (TC) axons from VM thalamus excited VM-projecting pyramidal tract (PT) neurons in layer 5B of ALM. These axons also strongly excited layer 2/3 neurons (which strongly excite PT neurons, as previously shown) but not VM-projecting corticothalamic (CT) neurons in layer 6. The strongest connections in the VM → PT circuit were localized to apical tuft dendrites of PT neurons, in layer 1. These tuft inputs were selectively augmented after blocking hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. In thalamus, axons from ALM PT neurons excited ALM-projecting VM neurons, located medially in VM. These axons provided weak input to neurons in mediodorsal nucleus, and little or no input either to neurons in the GABAergic reticular thalamic nucleus or to neurons in VM projecting to primary motor cortex (M1). Conversely, M1 PT axons excited M1- but not ALM-projecting VM neurons. Our findings indicate, first, a set of cell type-specific connections forming an excitatory thalamo-cortico-thalamic loop for ALM ↔ VM communication and a circuit-level substrate for supporting reverberant activity in this system. Second, a key feature of this loop is the prominent involvement of layer 1 synapses onto apical dendrites, a subcellular compartment with distinct signaling properties, including HCN-mediated gain control. Third, the segregation of the ALM ↔ VM loop from M1-related circuits of VM adds cellular-level support for the concept of parallel pathway organization in the motor system.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAnterolateral motor cortex (ALM), a higher-order motor area in the mouse, and ventromedial (VM) thalamus are anatomically and functionally linked, but their synaptic interconnections at the cellular level are unknown. Our results show that ALM pyramidal tract neurons monosynaptically excite ALM-projecting thalamocortical neurons in a medial subdivision of VM thalamus, and vice versa. The thalamo-cortico-thalamic loop formed by these recurrent connections constitutes a circuit-level substrate for supporting reverberant activity in this system.
Caracterización Geomorfológica como Propuesta para la Planificación Ambiental y Territorial. Un Ejemplo de Aplicación en Brasil con Perspectiva de Aplicación en Costa Rica
Authors: Furrier Max
Published: August 2018

Este trabajo contempla una caracterización geomorfológica como base para la planificación ambiental y territorial en una región costera de Brasil. Desde el punto de vista geomorfológico, el área de estudio se encuentra ubicada sobre las mesetas y tierras bajas costeras, donde predomina la Formación Barreiras y sedimentos del Cuaternario. Esta área posee una grande diversidad pedológica, con diversos usos y ocupaciones. La integración de los datos obtenidos, generados, analizados y discutidos, fueron sintetizados en la plancha de fragilidad de los ambientes naturales y antrópicos que permite visualizar cómo los componentes del medio físico se integran y pueden influenciar en las dinámicas socio-económicas. Esta integración de datos es de fundamental importancia en la planificación ambiental y territorial, principalmente en países en desarrollo como Brasil y Costa Rica, donde en muchas regiones hay pocos datos o los datos son dispersos.
Comparing the effects of three different doses of caudal ketamine plus bupivacaine on pain control after paediatric surgery
Authors: Khoshfetrat Masoum , Davoodi Reza , Keykha Aliakbar
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Adding ketamine to bupivacaine in caudal anaesthesia is likely to increase its analgesic effect. However, it is not clear which dose of ketamine will have the greatest impact and the lowest level of complications. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of three different doses of caudal ketamine plus bupivacaine on pain control after pediatric surgery.
Methodology: The present double-blinded clinical trial was conducted on 69 pediatric patients, of age ranging from 6 months to 10 years. Patients were assessed via the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system (ASA I-II), and had been also hospitalized for herniorrhaphy and orchidopexy. The patients were randomly divided into three groups. The first group received 0.75 mg/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine plus 0.25 mg/kg of ketamine, the second group received 0.75 mg/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine and 0.5 mg/kg of ketamine, and the third group received 0.75 mg/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine with 0.75 mg/kg of ketamine (as caudal anaesthesia). The duration of motor block and analgesia, as well as sedation levels, were measured for each study group. Each patient’s level of pain was also measured (at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 24 hours after the surgery) via the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) pain discomfort scale. The data were then compared using SPSS Statistics (Version 22), with descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Chi-square test.
Results: The findings revealed that gender distribution did not differ significantly in the three study groups (p=0.896). The mean age of the first, second, and third group were reported to be 2.82±1.86, 3.1±2.4, and 2.48±1.06, respectively; thus, there was no significant difference in terms of age between the three groups (p=0.569). Upon examining the AIIMS pain discomfort scale scores during the first 24 hours following surgery, it was observed that the pain intensity was higher in the first group than in the second and third groups. Moreover, evaluation of the pain intensity in the first and the second groups revealed comparable results, while those of the second and the third groups did not show a significant difference in this respect.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the most effective and safest dose of ketamine, in this study, for pain control after pediatric surgery in the inguinal region was the 0.5 mg/kg dose.
Міжнародна трудова міграція українців в умовах воєнного конфлікту на сході країни
Authors: Gots Alina A.
Published: August 2018

Проведено аналіз міграційних процесів в Україні, зокрема приділено увагу зовнішній трудовій міграції в умовах воєнного конфлікту на сході України. Встановлено, що міграція населення є так званим «лакмусовим папером», що відображає проблеми в країні, є своєрідною реакцією на зміни у політичній та соціально-економічній сферах суспільства. Найбільше піддаються міграційним переміщенням особи, що мешкають у прикордонних регіонах Західної та Східної України. Виявлено, що дещо змінилися причини переміщень, якщо в 90-і роки причиною було тотальне безробіття та занепад країни, то сьогодні мігрантів манить кращий добробут інших держав, більш високі зарплати у порівнянні з Україною. Питання міграції для України актуалізувалось в останні роки у зв’язку з воєнним конфліктом на Донбасі, тому причинами трудової міграції жителів сходу є, перш за все, втрата житла або збереження життя родини, а також заробіток через втрату місць роботи у зв’язку з воєнними діями. Загалом українці найбільш часто обирають для виїзду такі країни, як Росія, Польща, Італія, Чехія, Іспанія тощо. Як суспільне явище трудова міграція має позитивні і негативні сторони, а його масштаби зумовлюють необхідність державного регулювання міграційними процесами. Тобто, показано що міграція на сьогодні має довгостроковий характер, заробітчани роблять все можливе, щоб не повертатися на батьківщину, особливо в умовах воєнного часу.
Category «public service» as a scientific research object
Authors: Serohina T. V.
Published: August 2018

The article is devoted to the study of the development of the concept of «public service» in an independent Ukraine. It was found out that since the beginning the concept of «management service» is one of the most widespread. From a legal point of view, a management service is the creation of organizational conditions for the realization of the right by a citizen or another subject of administrative-legal relations. Instead from the point of view of public administration, «management service» is a result of the functional activity of the state body in the development and implementation of state policy on the regulation of a particular sector of the economy or social life. It was established that in addition was used concepts of the similar content, which amplified the terminological uncertainty. As a result, an approach has been developed in which the services of public authorities are divided into four groups: state, municipal, administrative and public. In this approach, public services are divided into state and municipal, depending on the subject of the service, administrative services are provided both by executive authorities and local self-government. The only kind of public services found in the regulatory framework is administrative services. In the Law of Ukraine «On Administrative Services», the term administrative service is used as a result of exercising power by the subject of the providing of administrative services on the application of a natural or legal person, aimed at acquiring, changing or terminating the rights and / or duties of such person in accordance with the law. The process of formation, the concept of «public services» in independent Ukraine can be divided into four stages, the first of which is the stage of domination in the national scientific thought of the concept of «management services». The second stage is the division of services into separate groups - state, municipal, administrative, and all of these groups belong to one group of public services. The third stage (ongoing to date) is characterized by the consolidation and final formulation of the term «public services» as the basic concept of the system of providing services by public authorities. The fourth stage can only be predicted, nevertheless, it is essentially a logical continuation of these three stages, when the legal fixing of the concept takes place.
Formation of legislation on local referendums in Ukraine: problems and perspectives
Authors: Kravchenko V. V. , Yanchuk A. O.
Published: August 2018

The article deals with the issues related to the definition of the conceptual framework of the new legislation of Ukraine on local referendums in the context of the requirements of the Additional Protocol to the European Charter of Local Self-Government on the right to participate in local government affairs, which was ratified by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on September 2, 2014. The proposals on the legislative consolidation of the subject of local referendums, the order of their appointment, the legal force of decisions taken at referendums, etc. are formulated.The authors emphasize that legislative regulation of the initiation, organization and conduct of local referendums requires significant legislative improvement. To date, enough legislative initiatives have been developed in the field of initiation, organization, holding of local referendums and the implementation of their decisions. To implement such work in the current legislative field, a coordinated and coordinated work of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the President of Ukraine is necessary.The article concludes that the adoption of the Law «On Local Referenda» has long been overdue, and therefore the adoption of any legislative initiatives in this direction will be a step forward towards the development of a legal, democratic state in which citizens will be able to exercise their right to participate in the management of state affairs not only through state authorities and local self-government bodies, but directly – through a referendum.Consideration in the legislative activity of the Parliament of the directions of improvement of the legislation on local referendums given by us will significantly increase the role of the local referendum in the mechanism of solving local issues by the territorial community, will help to create real ways of direct solving local community issues by a territorial community.
«Внутрішньо переміщені особи» як категорія теоретизування та соціальної практики
Authors: Protsenko O. O.
Published: August 2018

У статті розглядається феномен вимушеної внутрішньої міграції, а саме такого його наслідку, як виникнення певної групи населення – внутрішньо переміщені особи (ВПО). Обґрунтована необхідність концептуалізації поняття «внутрішньо переміщені особи». Термін «внутрішньо переміщена особа» розглянуто в перспективі його виникнення та подальшого становлення як категорії теоретизування та соціальної практики; проведено його розмежування з поняттями «біженець» та «економічний мігрант»; виділені два основних незмінних критерія, що характеризують внутрішнє переміщення та розглянуто поняття «затяжне внутрішнє переміщення». Виділено найбільш поширені напрямки вивчення ВПО, що представлено в іноземних та вітчизняних дослідженнях. Проаналізовано теорії міграції, які були адаптовані до проблематики вимушеної внутрішньої міграції. Показано евристичний потенціал певних соціологічних теорій, а саме – теорії самоактуалізації А. Маслоу, теорії категорізації Г. Тежфела та Дж. Тернера, теорії акультурації (адаптації) Дж. Беррі, теорії травми соціальних змін П. Штомпки, теорії інкультурації, що можуть скласти основу для створення окремої концептуальної рамки досліджень щодо вимушеного переміщення та внутрішньо переміщених осіб.
Церква і держава в Україні: між дефіцитарністю впливу та нейтралітетом (соціологічний аспект)
Authors: Romanenko V. A.
Published: August 2018

Нагальною проблемою як для теоретико-соціологічної рефлексії, так і соціальних практик є проблема відносин між соціальними інститутами церкви і держави в сучасному українському суспільстві. Проблема актуалізується як у зв’язку із невизначеністю прихованих протиріч між ключовими релігійними конфесіями, так і через хибно-нейтральну позицію держави, яка проводить політику невтручання у внутрішні справи церкви, і тим самим фактично потурає розпалюванню міжконфесійної ворожнечі. Основна лінія конфлікту проходить між УПЦ МП, УПЦ КП та греко-католицизмом (уніатством). Багато в чому відмінності між ними стосуються зв’язку відповідних релігійних організацій із лобістськими огрупованнями в спецслужбах, які в той чи інший спосіб продовжують свої «кураторські повноваження» щодо православної церкви. Відносини інших конфесій, які можна розглядати в якості вторинних, стосуються маргінального неопротестантизму, який, проте, вступає у відносини з державою лише у зв’язку із православ’ям і греко-католицизмом.

Інститути релігії в порівнянні з іншими соціальними інститутами більш консервативні та змінюються вкрай повільно. Релігія закріплює сформовані в попередні епохи цінності, норми, соціальні практики, зразки відносин та ін. Трансформація релігійних інститутів відбувається не синхронно зі зміною інших правових, політичних або економічних інститутів. Релігійні інститути більш стійкі, надають стабілізаційний вплив, вносять елемент наступності та забезпечують суспільству його своєрідність. Влада не має можливості надавати пріоритетну підтримку будь-якої з них, в політичному плані вона залежить від електорату не однієї, а сукупності всіх конфесій. Внаслідок цього роль релігійного чинника в суспільному житті країни дещо розмита. Розколи в православ’ї у своїй соціальній функціональності, обмеженої щодо єдиного Вселенського православ’я, мають деструктивне та дезінтегруюче значення не тільки в церковному, але і в суспільному сенсі.
Маніпуляційні технології в політичних процесах: термінологічний інструментарій
Authors: Kostelniuk M. M.
Published: August 2018

Здійснено термінологічний аналіз понять «маніпуляція», «маніпулювання», визначено мету маніпулювання як технології впливу на політичний процес, а також спробу розкрити об’єктивні передумови виникнення феномену маніпуляції в сучасній політиці. Охарактеризовано маніпулювання як важливий чинник сучасного політичного процесу.  Проаналізовано основні етапи підготовки й реалізації маніпулювання та визначено основні функції, які виконує маніпулювання як специфічна форма політичного впливу. Висвітлено концептуальні підходи до розуміння сутності проблеми політичного маніпулювання. Наголошено, що вивчення та використання механізмів маніпулювання відкриває можливості для впливу на велику кількість людей і дає змогу досягати поставленої мети. Проаналізовано найбільш поширені прийоми політичних маніпуляцій свідомістю виборців. Здійснено аналіз місця та ролі маніпулятивних технологій у контексті політичних виборчих технологій. Досліджено методи впливу політичного маніпулювання на суспільну підтримку прийняття політико-управлінських рішень та умови й механізми маніпуляції свідомістю в політичному процесі. Встановлено фактори, що створюють умови для існування політичних маніпуляцій. Визначено шляхи й методи вивчення та врахування громадської думки, обмежень впливу політичних маніпулювань.
Філософія та література: шлях до діалогу
Authors: Salii A. V.
Published: August 2018

Основна увага у матеріалі звертається на сфери взаємовпливів між філософією та художньою літературою. Вказується на те, що можливості взаємодії між цими течіями диктуються не лише культурними орієнтирами, але й соціально-історичними передумовами. Автор намагається довести, що література може бути джерелом філософствування, але при цьому філософія осмислює літературу. Це призводить до формування особливих дисциплінарних утворень, які мають здатність якісно переосмислювати і перебудовувати саму практику писання і практику філософствування. Але одночасно ми розуміємо і приймаємо той факт, що сучасність не надає нам підстав виводити який-небудь спільний знаменник під літературою і філософією. Адже існують такі літературні практики, які будуть дуже близькими до філософії і неначе з нею зживатимуться, але існує і величезна кількість філософських практик, які будуть так само близькими до літератури. У статті доводиться, що взаємодія філософії та художньої літератури відбувається в усі історичні періоди, змінюються тільки формат та механізми такої взаємодії.
Методологічні принципи як норми етичного і професійного кодексу історика
Authors: Кривчик Г. Г.
Published: August 2018

Показано взаємозв’язок основних етичних норм із загальнонауковими й спеціальними історичними методологічними принципами, уточнено визначення й наведено приклади застосування останніх, вміщено критику щодо порушення етики й наукової методології.
О. О. Бобринський як лідер Об’єднаного дворянства
Authors: Чернікова Н. С.
Published: August 2018

Проаналізовано функціонування всеросійської дворянської суспільно-політичної організації Об’єднаного дворянства під головуванням графа О. О. Бобринського; окреслено його роль у розробці організаційних засад та координуванні напрямків її діяльності протягом 1906–1912 рр.
Do age and education predict performance of older adults on the d2 Test?
Authors: Paloski Luis Henrique , Cunha Adriano Medeiros da , Oliveira Camila Rosa de , Farina Marianne , Gonzatti Valéria , Ferreira Elisa Arrienti , Oliveira Manoela Ziebell de , Argimon Irani Iracema de Lima , Irigaray Tatiana Quarti
Published: August 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the association of age and education in the performance of cognitively preserved older adults in the d2 Sustained-Attention Test, and to compare the results of different age groups and levels of schooling in this instrument. The sample was composed of 211 adults, 60 years of age or older, who were not institutionalized, and who completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Mini Mental State Examination, the Geriatric Depression Scale (short form), and the d2 Test. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, partial correlations, multiple linear regression and one-way ANOVA. The results of partial correlations and multiple linear regression showed that age and years of schooling demonstrated significant associations with all d2 Test scores, with age being the predictive variable that showed the greatest influence on the performance of the older adults. Comparison of performance in the d2 Test among the six groups according to the distribution by age group (60-69 years and 70 years or more) and by levels of schooling (primary, secondary and higher) showed that younger adults with a higher level of schooling scored better on the d2 Test, suggesting the need for normative data studies for this population.
Adaptação e validação da escala de autoeficácia no uso de preservativo em uma amostra brasileira
Authors: Andrade Josemberg Moura de , Lima Kaline da Silva , Gouveia Valdiney Veloso , Sales Hemerson Fillipy Silva , Melo Élida de Farias , Asfora Vivianne Freitas Oliveira
Published: August 2018

A autoeficácia no uso de preservativos está relacionada à saúde, principalmente na prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Objetivou-se adaptar a Escala de Autoeficácia no Uso de Preservativos para o contexto brasileiro. Para isso, foram realizados dois estudos a partir de um questionário online. O Estudo 1 contou com 332 participantes da população geral, a maioria mulheres (63,6%), com média de idade de 25,2 anos (DP = 7,4). A análise fatorial exploratória identificou quatro fatores: Habilidade, Assertividade, Prazer e Drogas e Doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, explicando 66,8% da variância. O Estudo 2 contou com 907 participantes, com média de idade de 23,6 anos (DP = 6,1). A análise fatorial confirmatória apresentou os seguintes indicadores de ajuste: GFI = 0,93; CFI = 0,91; RMSEA = 0,08 (IC90% = 0,07-0,09). Os resultados comprovam a adequação da medida, reunindo evidências de validade. Discute-se a importância desta medida em pesquisas na área de saúde.
O convívio de adolescentes em medida socioeducativa de internação com a equipe técnica
Authors: Coscioni Vinicius , De Farias Bruno Graebin , Garcia Agnaldo , Rosa Edinete Maria , Koller Sílvia Helena
Published: August 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar o convívio de adolescentes em medida socioeducativa de internação com a equipe técnica, a partir da perspectiva dos adolescentes. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez adolescentes, entre 16 e 18 anos, internos em uma unidade socioeducativa em Porto Alegre. Um diário de campo também foi preenchido a partir das idas a campo. Os dados foram tratados a partir de uma análise temática e interpretados com base na Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano. A precariedade da infraestrutura, o número insuficiente de técnicos e a pressão do poder judiciário foram identificados como elementos contextuais que interferiam negativamente sobre os processos proximais entre adolescentes e técnicos. Ainda assim, verificaram-se elementos de reciprocidade e aprendizagem que indicavam o estabelecimento de processos proximais. Investimentos em recursos humanos e materiais e a regulamentação das demandas jurídicas podem favorecer o desenvolvimento de processos proximais entre adolescentes e equipe técnica.
The characteristics of Poland’s alpine skier’s (students) related to the frequency of accidents
Authors: Aschenbrenner P.H. , Giovanis V.F.
Published: August 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to record the characteristics of Poland’s alpine skier’s (students) in relation to the frequency of accidents. In this research 66 skiers participated (50 men and 16 women). Methods: The specimens came by recreational skiers (beginners - advanced) in the ski resort in Passo Tonale (Italy). The research material came from analysis of completed questionnaires from 66 Polish skiers. They have recorded four categories of factors: a) individual factors b) factors of preparation in the snow in relation to injuries c) factors of preparation in dry ground in relation to injuries d) factors of injuries. Results: About 6,3% Polish skiers respondents had in the past, an accident in alpine skiing. In the Polish population the number of beginner skiers is overriding, with a few years of training in skiing, however with several days training a year using a ski instructor teacher for warming up and individual form of learning. Conclusions: Skiers who don’t had physical fitness preparation before the winter season, had a greater percentage of accidents and injuries. Polish skiers usually had limb injuries lower extremities (sprains) due to the reckless of the skiers.
Qigong training as a successful factor of fighter’s personal qualities development in students
Authors: Kudryavtsev M. D. , Kramida I. E. , Kopylov Yu.A. , Osipov A.Yu. , Markov K.K. , Savchuk A. N. , Kuzmin V.A.
Published: August 2018

Purpose : the analysis of fighter’s personal qualities development in students in the course of teaching and educational Qigong training. Material : students who actively attended standard physical culture classes participated in the research (group N1, n=101, the 3rd course); students with a debilitated general condition who practiced the program of Qigong training within 1-3 years (group N2, n=211). It was fixed: the level of fighter’s qualities development; a self-assessment (students estimated the level of fighter’s personal qualities development according to the scale from 0 to 10 points). Results : Development of 6 main fighter’s personal qualities in students of group N1 was more successful and fast than in students of group N2. The average result on all 6 fighter’s personal qualities increases significantly and consistently with the increase in duration of training. Conclusions : Qigong training is an important factor in fighter’s personal qualities development in students. In general, it is necessary to develop the health culture which becomes the way of maintaining a constant healthy lifestyle in students. It is necessary that male with strong-willed fighter’s qualities always sought to participate in the long physical self-improvement.
Examining the attitudes of physical education teachers towards special education (the handicapped)
Authors: Yaman Ç. , Uluışık V. , Hergüner G. , Önal A.
Published: August 2018

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine the education of physical education teachers working at special education schools or classes in this field and to determine the attitudes of them towards students who need special education. Material: Our study was designed in the form of review model, and 164 questionnaires were included in the analyses. The questionnaires were filled fully by teachers who were selected with the Random Sampling Method and who were contacted in person. The data collection tool used consisted of two parts; Personal Information Form and the Attitude Scale for the Handicapped. Non-parametric tests like Mann Whitney U-Test and Kruskal Wallis H-Test were used in the study because the data did not show normal distribution. Results : According to the findings, it was determined that the attitudes of the participants in the family life sub-dimension were moderate; and the scores were high in educational medium, interpersonal relations, working life, personal characteristics, competence-independent life and total attitudes. Conclusions: As a result, there is a significant loss of productivity due to the lack of special training in physical education teachers who are appointed to special education schools and to job training centers through centralization method.
Pedagogical tests for assessing the physical preparedness of the students practicing Muay Thai
Authors: Zhang X. , Tambovskij A.N. , Cherkashin I.A. , Krivoruchenko E.V. , Ohlopkov P.P.
Published: August 2018

Purpose : detection of significant pedagogical tests for assessing the physical preparedness of the students practicing Muay Thai. Material : it was performed the pedagogical testing of students athletes (n=32) of the lightweight categories specializing in Muay Thai (n=8 - weight category to 51 kg; n=14 - weight category to 54 kg; n=10 - weight category to 57 kg). Testing was directed to receiving indicators of the general and special physical preparedness of Muay Thai boxers. Results : Connections between indicators of the general and special physical preparedness of athletes were defined. It was revealed 16 significant tests for assessment of the general physical preparedness of students. Tests consist of five groups: running, jumping, with weight, on coordination, on flexibility. The combined 3-minute test is developed for determining the level of special physical preparedness of athletes. The test consists of 9 exercises. It includes elements of punching technique of Muay Thai. Reliability and informational content of the test were proved mathematically (correlation coefficients of results of two measurements was in the range from r=0,79 to r=0,86 with significance p < 0,05). Conclusions : Management of training process of Muay Thai boxer students is based on a basis of objective information on their physical preparedness. The main requirement of obtaining this information is the availability of means of carrying out a research without considerable expenses of time and the diagnostic equipment.