bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of weaner rabbits fed graded levels of sun-dried sweet potato tuber meal (Ipomea batatas) diets
Authors: Orunmiyi M. , Bawa G. S. , Musa R. M.
Published: February 2021

Forty weaned rabbits (8 weeks old) of mixed sexes and breed, with an average initial live-weight of 680g, were used in a nine-week feeding trial to evaluate their performance on diets in which sun-dried sweet potatoe tuber meal (Ipomoea batatas) was included at the rate of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% levels in a CP Isonitrogenous diets. Performance parameters showed that feed intake, weight gain and feed to gain ratio were not significantly different between treatments. Values obtained were poorer for the sweet potato based diets compared to the control. No mortality was recorded during the experiment. Carcass and oragn weights expressed as percentage of live-weight showed no significant differences (P>0.05) across the treatments. It was concluded that sweet potato meal can be included   up to 40% level in diets of young rabbits.
Utilization of whole pods of Albizia saman in diets of growing rabbits
Authors: Oduguwa O. O.
Published: February 2021

The effect of graded levels of whole pods of Albizia saman (Rain tree) on the performance nutrient utilization and haematology of growing rabbits were studied. Four experimental diets were formulated which contained 100, 200 and 300g whole pods of A. saman of diet. Forty-eight growing hybrid rabbits with average initial weight of 828.2g were used for the experiment. They were alloted on weight equalization basis to four dietary treatments that is 12 animals per treatment. The animals were housed individually and fed ad libitum with the respective diets through the eight weeks experimental period. Data on body weight, feed intake, feed to gain ratio and protein efficiency ratio were monitored. Metabolic trials were also carried out in the course of the experiment and the digestibility of dry matter and the proximate contents of the feed were determined. Some haematological indices of the experimental animals were also assayed, these include: packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, serum total protein, serum albumin and serum creatine. Results showed that the dietary treatments had significant effect (P<0.05) on body weight, feed intake, feed to gain ratio and protein efficiency ratio. Rabbits fed 100g kg-1 A. saman diet had similar performance with those on the control diet (0g kg-1 A. saman) and performed better (P<0.05) than those fed 200g kg-1 and 300g kg-1 A. saman diets. The digestibility values of dry matter and other proximate fractions of the dietary treatments were not significantly different (P>0.05). However, when only the A. saman diets were considered, rabbits fed 100g kg-1 had the highest but non-significant digestibility values for all the measurement taken. The mean values for packed cell volume, haemoglobin, serum total protein and serum albumin decreased with increasing level of inclusion of A. saman. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the values of red blood cells and serum creatine. It was concluded that inclusion of whole pods of A. saman up to 100g kg-1 level in the diets of growing rabbits gave best results with no adverse effect on performance and nutrient digestibility.
Growth and carcass yield of finishing broiler chickens fed lablab leaf meal
Authors: Odunsi A. A. , Ige A. O. , Sodeinde F. G. , Akinlade J. A. , Afon A. O.
Published: February 2021

The inclusion of lablab (Lablab purpureus) leaf meal (LLM) at 0, 50 and 100g/kg in finisher diets on broiler performance and carcass yields were evaluated in a 28-day feeding trial. Results showed that LLM in broiler finisher diets resulted in significant (P<0.05) increase in feed intake relative to the control diet. The control diet and 50LLM kg diet supported similar (P>0.05) final body weight and weight gain, but these parameters were significantly (P<0.05) depressed in broilers fed 100gLLM/kg diet. Feed conversion ratio became poorer with increase in level of LLM. Carcass yield was not significantly influenced (P>0.05) by dietary treatments. Cut-up parts as a percentage of dressed weight showed that thigh and drumstick had a non-significant decrease in weight while back and wing had a non-significant increase in level of dietary LLM. Breast, neck and abdominal fat pad were significantly (P<0.05) decreased with increased LLM. Broilers fed 100gLLM/kg diet exhibited a significantly lower weight for liver, spleen, lung and heart in comparison with the control diet. Only the gizzard is significantly higher (P<0.05) in broilers fed LLM compared to the control diet (without LLM). It can be concluded that LLM inclusion at 100g/kg diet had a negative effect on performance but not on carcass parameters whereas LLM at 50g/kg diet gave comparable response with the control diet in all parameters measured.
Growth, nutrient retention and serum metabolites of broiler chickens fed high fibre hulled sunflower seed cake
Authors: Adeniji C. A. , Ogunmodede B. K.
Published: February 2021

The nutrient value of high fibre (22% Crude protein) hulled sunflower cake (HFSC) substituted at 0, 25, 50 and 75 for soybean cake on protein was assessed using 180 day-old unsexed Anak broiler chicken. The diets contained about 23 and 20% crude protein as well as 2.95 kcal/g and 2.85kcal/g metabolizable energy at the starter and finisher phases respectively. At the starter phase, inclusion of HFSC above 25% significantly (P<0.05) reduced body weight (BW) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). At the finisher phase, inclusion of HFSC up to 50% increased crude fibre retention while 25% HFSC increased PER. There were significant (P<0.05) reduction in values of glutamate oxumate pyruvate transaminase at the starter and finisher phases. At the starter phase total protein (TP) and glucose (GL) were reduced at 75% HFSC diets, while above 25% HFSC inclusion reduced creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations. At the finisher phase TP and albumin concentrations were reduced significantly (P<0.05) when above 25% HFSC was included. There was significant increase in glucose concentration except at 75% which did not differ from values obtained with 0% HFSC diet. There were significant (P<0.05) decreases in concentration, of creainine and urea nitrogen except at 50% and 25% of HFSC inclusion respectively. At the overall (starter and finisher) live weight and feed efficiency of 50% did not differ (P>0.05) from values obtained with 0% HFSC. This study suggested that not more than 50% of HFSC could replace soybeancake in broiler chicken diets.
Utilization of malted sorghum sprout, shrimp waste meal and Tephrosia bracteolate hay by West African dwarf sheep fed soybean stover based diets
Authors: Oduguwa B. O. , Babayemi O. J. , Jolaosho A. O. , Aina A. B. J. , Ozoje M. O. , Audu I. F.
Published: February 2021

In a completely randomized design, sixteen (16) West African Dwarf (WAD) rams aged between 10-15 months with an average pre-trial body weight of 14.5 kg were used to study the influence of a compounded concentrate diet (Diet 1), malted sorghum sprout (MSP) (Diet 2), shrimp waste meal (SWM) (Diet 3) and Tephrosia bracteolata hay (Diet 4) as supplement to soybean stover (SBS) + Panicum maximum hay for 13 weeks. The total DM intake was highest (P<0.05) for rams on Tephrosia bracteolata hay (153.89gd-1W0.75) and lowest for those on SWM (137.51gd-1W0.75). the highest (P<0.05) weight gain was recorded for sheep on Tephrosia (41.97gd-1) and lowest for SWM (13.73gd-1). The nitrogen retention of all the rams ranged between 68.53 and 70.65%. The DM digestibility ranged from 0.639 in SWM to 0.692 in concentrate diet. Organic matter digestibility ranged from 0.650 for SWM to 0.695 in concentrate while CP digestibility was 0.654 for SWM and 0.687 in Tephrosia. NDF digestibility varied between 0.563 in SWM and 0.6545 in MSP. Total serum protein (9.0g/dL), blood urea nitrogen(17.85mmol/L), cholesterol (158mg/dl) and plasma glucose (0.53 mmol/L) were significantly (P<0.05) increased in rams fed the concentrate (5.4g/dL, 11.06mmol/l, 15.6mg/dL, 0.38mmol/L), MSP (5.3g/dL, 10.7mmol/L, 152mg/dL, 0.3mmol/L) and Tephrosia (5.0g/dl, 9.63mmol/L, 143mg/dl, 0.3mm0l/L) in that order. It was concluded that these unconventional supplements could be fed with soybeans stover to improve feed intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization leading to a better weight gain with sheep.
Management of losses and Newcastle disease in rural poultry in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwanta J. A. , Ali-Balogun J. K. , Umoh J. U. , Abdu P. A. , Ajogi I.
Published: February 2021

Causes of losses in rural poultry and measures adopted by farmers for the management of Newcastle disease (ND) were identified. The study was conducted in 13 local governments, in 33 villages and 223 households. Data on the population, health, causes of losses, management system, productivity, extension services and ethnoveterinary practices were collected using interview and a structured questionnaire. Of the three species of local poultry investigated, the chicken was raised by all respondents. A mean flock size of 18 local chickens, 16 guinea fowls and 7 ducks were recorded per household. Over 50% of the households kept 2 0r more species of poultry with chickens and guinea fowls being the most frequent (79%). All farmers provided supplementary food and water for birds but none offered commercial feed. The duck was a better hatcher than the chicken. ND was the major cause of losses of rural poultry. Poultry extension service was lacking. Majority (79.4%) of the respondents provided houses for their stock at night and 78% used traditional medicines for the management of diseases. Very few (1.38%) consulted veterinary clinics. As ND was reported to be a major threat to the development and survival of local poultry, adequate management measures in the form of improved feeding, housing, extension services and vaccination must be put in place to improve their productivity.
Utilization of coconut meal based diets supplemented with lysine by broiler chicken
Authors: Dairo F. A. S. , Ogunmodede B. K.
Published: February 2021

Coconut meal (CM) was included in a broiler diet to supply 40% of the total groundnut cake protein. The diet was formulated based on the recommendations of a previous study that coconut meal protein can replace 40% of groundnut cake (GNC) in broilers diet. A control diet was formulated containing 22% GNC, the protein of which was replaced by coconut meal protein. Five diets were prepared . The control (Diet A) and 4 others that contained essentially the same proximate composition (Diets B-E) were supplemented with synthetic lysine at 0.30, 0,60, 0.90 and 1.20% dietary levels. 240 broiler chicks were alotted into 5 dietary treatment groups of 3 sub-groupa. Each sub-group contained 16 birds. The dietary lysine content from diets A-E were 1.20, 1.15, 1.45, 1.76 and 2.00% respectively and were fed to the broilers for a period of 56 days. Performance indices, average feed consumption, average body gain, live weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) were monitored. The dry matter, protein and ether extractretentions were all equally monitored twice at the 4th and 8th week. Haematological and enzyme assays were investigated  at 4th and 8th week. The average feed consumption and FCR were significantly increased (P<0.05) by the increasing level of lysine supplementation both at the 4th and 8th week. The body gain also decreased significantly (P<0.05) at the 4th and 8th week while the live weight was significantly (P<0.05) better in the control and 0.6% lysine supplementation at the 56th day of the study. The dry matter, nitrogen and other extract retentions significantly decreased (P<0.05) at the 4th and 8th week. The total protein and albumin decreased significantly (P<0.05) at the 4th and 8th week while, creatinine and urea increased with increasing level of lysine supplementation. The serum glutamate amino transaminase and alanine amino transaminase both increased significantly (P<0.05) at the 4th and 8th week. The study indicated that 0.6% lysine supplementation (of diet containing coconut meal contributing 40% protein of the major vegetable protein source) enhance the utilization of the coconut meal by broilers.
EGG QUALITY OF THE NIGERIAN LOCAL CHICKEN AS INFLUENCED BY SOME MAJOR GENES
Authors: Peters S. O. , Ikeobi C. O. N , Ozoje M. O. , Famakinwa O. A. , Oshodi Y. S. , Adebambo O. A.
Published: February 2021

An investigations was carried out to determine the effect of the major genes of frizzling and naked neck on the external and internal egg quality traits of the Nigerian local chicken. Egg weight significantly (P < 0.01) favoured the frizzled local chicken and the naked-necked local chicken over the fully feathered (normal ) local chicken. The frizzling gene, F, caused an increase of 8.13% in weight while the naked neck gene Na, increased egg weight by 5.85%. The Na gene caused the production of better egg shape index (0.73) when compared to F and nana, ff genotypes. Eggs of frizzed and naked-neck locals also had significantly (P < 0.05) better Haugh unit, percent shell, percent albumen and percent yolk than the normal feathered counterpart. It is therefore reasonable to incorporate the major genes frizzling and naked-neck in producing a locally-adapter commercial egg strain
GROWTH RESPONSE, BODY TEMPERATURE AND BLOOD CONSTITUENTS OF PULLET CHICKS FED CASSAVA PEEL MEAL SUPPLEMENTED WITH CASHEW NUT REJECT MEAL
Authors: Sogunle O. M. , Fanimo A. O. , Abiola S. S. , Bamgbose A. M.
Published: February 2021

A 3 x 4 factorial experiment was conducted with four hundred and thirty-two, 7day old Yaafa brown pullet chicks in which the birds were divided into 12 treatment groups with 3 replications of 12 birds each. The diets consisted of 3 levels of cassava peel meal-CPM (0%, 10% and 20%) with each supplemented with 4 levels of cashew nut reject meal-CNM (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%). The study was conducted for 56 days. 20% CPM inclusion in the diets increased (P < 0.05) the bird’s body temperature and significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the weight gain across treatments. Significant (P < 0.05) declines were also seen in the final weight from 0% to 20% CPM inclusion levels 0% CPM inclusion gave the highest (P < 0.05) weight gain 9.56 with the best (P < 0.05) feed/gain ration of 3.62. The cost of 1kg feed consumed (#) and 1kg feed consumed/weight gain #/g) were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by CPM inclusion in the diets. The lowest values of #38.09 and #4.00, respectively, were recorded in 0% CPM inclusion. The effect in the platelet. However, the effect of CNM inclusion on the performance and cost benefits, showed that the body temperature marginally increased (P > 0.05). Significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed in feed intake, percentage mortality, cost of 1kg feed consumed and cost of 1kg feed consumed/weight gain with CNM inclusion. The 30% CNM inclusion level had the lowest feed intake of 33.91g/bird and the best feed/gain of 3.86. The blood parameters recorded fluctuating values with CNM inclusion. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed only in the packed cell volume and the total protein. In the interaction, the highest final weight, weight gain and the best feed/gain were observed in diets 3 (0%CPM and 20%CNM). The lowest body temperature (P < 0.05) of 37.9oC was recorded in diet 1 (0%CPM and 0%CNM) while the highest value of 41.0oC was recorded in diets 9 (20%CPM and 0%CNM) and 10 (20%CPM and 10%CNM). The results showed that the blood parameters were not affected by the protein quality of the diets as CNM inclusion levels masked the deleterious effect of CPM in the diets. It was therefore concluded that the supplementation of CPM diets with CNM enhanced the utilization of the diets by ensuring normal growth response body temperature and blood constitutions.
THE FEEDING VALUE OF CASSAVA MEAL DIETS FOR GROWING JAPANESE QUAIL (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)
Authors: Edache J. A. , Musa U. , Karsin P. D. , Esilonu J. O. , Yisa A. , Okpala E. J. , Zwandor N. J.
Published: February 2021

A six-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the replacement value of Cassava meal for maize in a piratical quail diet. It involved ninety six day-old quail chicks housed in cages in a brooding house. Four isonitrogenous (22%mde protein) diets incorporating graded levels (0.0, 15, 25 and 35%) of cassava meal as a replacement for maize were tested. The diets were also isocaloric (280Kcal/kg  M. E.) and contained crude protein (25.53%; diet 1, 25.00%; diet 2, 24.34%; diet 3and 24.00% diet4) and were replicated three times. Feed intake weight gain feed/gain ratio and feed cost/kg gain did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) across the treatment. Feed cost decreased numerically across the treatments and was lowest for diet 4, i.e., the diet in which all the maize was replaced by 35% cassava meal. Feed cost/kg gain was numerically lower for diet 4 (146.34) than the other diets (233.16, 169.39, and 159.94).  Results of this study indicated that at dietary crude protein levels of between 24 and 25% and M.E. of 2800Kcal/kg feed, 35% cassava meal based diet was suitable for acceptable ‘growth performance in Japanese quail chicks in the first six weeks of life’
ANALYSES OF THE ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION
Authors: Adewole S. O. , Ajala M. K.
Published: February 2021

The analyses of the article published in the Nigerian Journal of Animal Production were examined by discipline, authorship pattern, institutional relationships, little and other biblometeric considerations. The data for this analyses were generated from the first and last decades of the publication of the Journal in 1974-1984 and 1991-2000. Seven hundred and eight-seven (787) titles were published during the 20 years analyses with 472 titles published during the first decade and 315 titles between 1991-200. Nutrition was the most researched discipline in animal production in Nigerian, contributing over 37% of the publication in the Journal. Five hundred and twenty-six (526) tiles were authored by more than one author, representing over 66% of the total authored titles. This confirms the trend of authorship in science and technology, while some evidence abound on institution collaborations among scientists, particularly with peers outside in country
INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS ON ADOPTION OF IMPROVED POND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG FISH FARMERS IN ISOKO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA DELTA STATE
Authors: Agwu A. E. , Afieroho E. O.
Published: February 2021

This paper sought to determine personal and institutional factor influencing adoption rate of improved pond management practices among fish farmers in Isoko South Local Government Area of Delta State. Structured interview schedule was used in collecting data from eight-four fish farmers randomly selected. The results showed that primary occupation being fish farming, level of educational attainment and availability of inputs had positive influence on respondents’ adoption of improved pond management practices. However. majority of the respondents were involved in fish farming on a secondary basis. These findings suggest that there is an urgent need to organize programmes to motivate farmers to invest more in fish farming if they are to adopt these practices and keep apace with human population growth in the country.
Improving the feed Utilization of Cassava Peels in smallholder goat production
Authors: Fasae O.A , Adegoke H.B , Ogunmekan K.O. , Adu I.F.
Published: February 2021

Cassava peels at 25, 50 and 100% were supplemented with varying levels of palm kernel cake with a basal diet of Pennisetum purpereum in an experiment designed to measure its nutritive values and effect on the growth and biochemical parameters of West African Dwarf goats under stall feeding conditions. Goats on 100% cassava peels (CPL) recorded the least dry matter intake (DMI). The supplementation of CPL with PKC significantly increased (P<0.05) the DMI for goats on 25 and 50% CPL with those on 50% CPL having the highest DM. The dry matter, crude protein and crude fibre of goats on 50% CPL were most digested (P<0.05) while those on 100% CPL were the least. The lower intake and digestibility of dry matter and crude protein by goats on 100% CPL reflected a significantly (P<0.05) low body weight change (0.55kg) compared to the other treatments. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between the values for all the blood parameters monitored in the study as all fell within the normal range for goats. It was concluded that cassava peels can have a great potential for goat feeding as its feeding value can be improved by supplementing with a protein source, such as palm kernel cake.
Relation between washed sperm cells and fluid from White Fulani Genitalia in some enzyme activities and lipid contents
Authors: Togun V.A. , Egbunike G.N.
Published: February 2021

Lipid contents and enzyme activities were studied in the fluid and washed sperm (WS) from the genitalia of 26 mature White Fulani (WF) bulls of mean live weight 213.96±4.88kg (range 140 260kg) in a complete randomized design experiment. Tissue homogenization and biochemical assay methods were employed after storing the tissue in deep freeze for 24 hours post slaughter. Total lipid contents did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between WS and fluid of the testis, the caput epididymis and the cauda epididymis but was significantly (P<0.05) higher in WS than the fluid in corpus epididymis and vas deferens. Phospholipid and phospholipid phosphorus contents of WS and fluid did not vary significantly (P>0.05) benveen WS in the testis and epididymis. Alkaline phosphatatse (ALP) activity was higher (P<0.05) in the corpus and cauda edididymal fluid than in the WS. Glutamic Oxalate Transaminase (GOT) activity was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the fluid than the WS in all segments but not in the testis. The generally higher values of lipids in the washed sperm over the fluid the need for lipids as protective cover and as substrates for sperm survival from its formation up to maturation. The generally higher enzyme activity in the fluid is an indicator of damage to sperm acrosome, with corresponding leakage of enzyme into the fluid consequent upon the various stress conditions encountered as sperm traverses the epididymis for the maturation process and finally sojourns in the epididymis.
Influence of additive and non-additive gene effects on body measurements in the domestic rabbit
Authors: Obasi V. N. , Ibe S. N.
Published: February 2021

General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) were used to determine the influence of additive and non-additive gene effects on growth parameters, using 2 kits produced in full diallel crosses involving three breeds of rabbits namely, New Zealand White (NZW), Dutch (DT) and Chinchilla (CH). GCA was significant (P<0.05) for four out of the twelve traits studied, namely Body length (BL), Heart girth (HG), Ear length (EL) and Tail Length (TL). GCA values ranged from-12.594 for body weight (BWT) to 0.041 for the length of the hind limb (LHL) for NZW, -3.836 for BWT 10 0.123 for Head Circumference (HC) for DT and -0.035 for Head-to-shoulder (HS) and 16.431 for BWT for Chinchilla. SCA was significant (P<0.05) for HS only. SCA estimates ranged from -0.016 (BWT) to 0.187 (HG), 1.018 (BL) to 10.22 (BWT) and -17.09 (LHL) to 7.354 (BWT). for NZW x DT, NZW x CH and DTX CH crosses, respectively. The significant GCH observed in the four growth parameters indicates that genes governing them aci mainly additively. This implies that they may be genetically improved by selection and pure breeding. Significant SCA for HS is an indication that genes governing this character impart non-additive effects, suggesting that improvement could be brought about by exploiting crossbreeding and by improving the environment.
Performance, nutrient digestibility and cost evaluation of raw and roasted Afzelia africana seed meal fed finisher broiler chicks
Authors: Obun C. O. , Ayanwale B. A.
Published: February 2021

Ninety-nine, 28 day-old broilers were used to investigate the effect of raw and roasted Afzelia Africana seed meal (AASM) on performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention and cost of broiler production under deep litter system of management for 35 days in the finisher phase. The birds were allotted to three treatments with 33 birds. Each treatment was replicated three times (11 birds per replicate). The data collected were feed intake and body weight gain. Protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and apparent nutrient digestibility were also calculated. The results obtained revealed that chicks fed control (A) diet were significantly (P<0.05) higher in weight gain and feed intake than others. Superior (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), daily feed cost and feed cost per kg weight gain were obtained in roasted dehulled AASM(C) diet when compared to the control and raw AASM diets. The apparent nutrient digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ash, nitrogen free extract and nitrogen retention of roasted diet compared favourably with that of the control diet. The row AASM (B) diet depressed performance and nutrient retention values. The cost per kg diet and cost per live weight gain reduced significantly (P<P.05) in AASM based diets when compared to the control diet. However, the control diet significantly (P<0.05) increased the revenue generated and gross profit when compared to AASM based diets. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that higher levels of roasted AASM may have some benefits.
Replacement value of unpeeled cassava rootmeal (UCRM ) for maize in weaner rabbit diets
Authors: Omoikhoje S. O. , Bamgbose A. M. , Aruna M. B.
Published: February 2021

Twenty four mixed breed (New Zealand x Chinchila) rabbits aged six weeks with average initial weight of 560g were used to examine the effect of replacing maize with unpeeled cassava root meal (UCRM) on the performance, organoleptic properties and economy of rabbit production. The rabbits were divided into four groups and assigned to four treatment diets formulated with 0, 10, 20 and 30% UCRM respectively. Average live weight and weight gain were significantly (P<0.05) improved by the increasing levels of URCM, but feed intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly (P>0.05) affected. All the organoleptic properties were not affected significantly (P>0.05) by the dietary treatments. However, the increasing levels of UCRM reduced the cost per kg feed, seed cost per kg weight gain and cost of production of rabbits to matured weight. Therefore, the utilization of unpeeled cassava root meal us replacement for maize up to 30% level is profitable and feasible in rabbit diets formulation.
Utilization of rumen filtrate fermented corn-cobs by weaner rabbits
Authors: Adeyemi O. A. , Sobayo R. A. , Aluko F. A. , Oke D. B.
Published: February 2021

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of rumen-filtrate fermented corn cob (RFFCC) for weaner rabbits. Twenty-five rabbits were divided groups. Each group was further divided into five replicates, housed in individual rabbit hutches. RFFCC was incorporated in the diets at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% replacement for yellow maize. Feed intake increase progressively (P<0.05) with increased dietary level of RFFCC. Feed intake and average daily weight gain exhibited an inverse relationship. Feed: Gain ratio value increased with increasing dietary level of RFFCC, an indication of progressive decline in the efficiency of feed utilization Feed: Gain ratio was however not affected up till 25% RFFCC inclusion level (i.e 50% replacement of dietary maize). The result of the experiment showed that RFFCC posses some potential as a feed resource for the rabbit. It was concluded that RFFCC should not constitute more than 25% of total diet as this will result in impairment of performance.
Nutritional evaluation of graded levels of fermented maize milling waste (maize gluten) in rabbit diet
Authors: Sobayo R. A. , Adeyemi O. A. , Usman J. M.
Published: February 2021

A 70-day feeding trial was conducted with thirty-six 7 weeks old weaned rabbits (mixed breed and sexes), with initial average live weight of 0.81kg to evaluate the nutritional effects of replacing maize at 0,25, and 50%with maize or corn gluten in rabbit diets. Maize gluten is fermented maize milling waste sun dried for three days. The diets were offered to the rabbits which were randomly divided into three (3) groups of 12 rabbits each and each group sub-divided into four (4) replicates of 3 rabbits each in a completely randomized experiment. There was a significant effect (P<0.05) of the treatments on the average daily feed intake of the rabbits as the levels of maize gluten increased. The average weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the dietary treatments, nevertheless, the FCR increased across the treatments. Graded levels of maize gluten had no significant (P>0.05) effect on carcass dressing percentage. The percent pelt decreased significantly (P<0.05) as level of maize gluten increased. Furthermore, liver and meat cooking loss percentage values showed significant differences (P<0.05) due to the graded levels of corn gluten fed. The sensory evaluation studies were not statistically affected (P>0.05).
Performance, blood biochemical constituents and mineral bal ance of west african dwarf sheep fed preserved elephant grass, layers' droppings and cassava peel diets during dry season
Authors: Sowande O. S. , Aina A. B. J. , Oguntona E. B. , Fanimo A. O. , Unaka V. U. , Hassan  T. A. , Oseni M. O.
Published: February 2021

An experiment was conducted during the dry season to evaluate the performance, blood biochemical constituents and minerall balance in fifteen West African Dwarf rams fed diets containing preserved elephant grass 45,40,35% and layers’ dropping at 25, 30 and 35% respectively. The rams were divided into three groups of 5 animals each balanced for body weight. Each groups of ram were randomly allocated to one of the experiments diets in a day feeding trial. Results showed thatvoluntary dry matter intake (DM) decreased (P<0.05) from 396.92 to 325.88g/d as the proportion of layers’ droppings in the diet increased. The rams fed diet 3 were heavier compared to the rams on the other diets. Packed cell volume, RBC,WBC, BUN, glucose, total protein, Ca, K, Na and Cl were similar (P>0.05).  sawdustash could be utilizedfor feeding sheep during the dry season for good
Effect of cutting frequency and nitrogen application on herbage yield and nitrogen content of a degraded Panicum maximum pasture.
Authors: Asiegbu J. E. , Onyeonagu C. C.
Published: February 2021

The effects of cutting frequency and levels of nitrogen on revitalization of a run-down pasture were investigated in 2000 and 2001 at Nsukka, Nigeria. Grass swards were cut at intervals of 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks and received 0, 150, 300 and 450 kg N ha' nitrogen. Grass dry matter yield was increased from 52 to 75% at the 3 and 6 weeks intervals of cutting, respectively. Weed proportion was reduced from 48 to 25% with 6-weekly cuts compared with more frequent cutting at 3 weeks interval between cuts. Cutting interval did not affect the total herbage yield. The dry matter yields of leaf blade, stem and inflorescence fractions increased significantly with increase in interval between cuts in the second year. The percentage nitrogen content was highest with 3-weekly interval of cut and decreased with high interval of cuts in the second year. Crude protein yield (kg ha') was highest with 6- and followed by 3- and 9-weekly intervals of cut and decreased with lar cutting of 12-weekly interval. Fertilizer-N treatment significantly increased total annual herbage dry matter yield from 3,460 kg ha yrl where no fertilizer N was applied to 5,233 kg ha-yr' with application of 450 kg N ha-'. Grass dry matter as proportion of the total herbage dry matter was increased from 57 to 80% with the highest N rate of 450 kg Nha compared with where N was not applied, while the weed dry matter as proportion of the total herbage dry matter was reduced from 43 to 20% with the highest N rate of 450 kg N ha compared with where N was not applied at the second year. A combination of 6-weeks interval of cutting with 450 kg N ha' gave the highest dry matter yield. It was also adequate in suppressing weed. Frequent cutting at higher levels of fertilizer N (300 - 450 kg ha'') increased the nitrogen and crude protein percentages of forage foliage while 6-weekly interval of cuts when combined with higher N levels gave the highest crude protein yield per hectare per year in the foliage herbage.
Effect of agricultural credit on the output and profitability of egg farms in Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Tanko L. , Jirgi A. J.
Published: February 2021

The study examined the effects of agricultural credit on the output and profitability of egg farms in Abia State, Nigeria Primary data were collected with structured questionnaire during the 2004 production season from a total of 120 ege farmers selected using purposive random sampling technique with which the productions, prosir and cost functions were estimated using the Ordinary I Synares (OLS regression focuique Results strow thar total quality of feed jam size and cost of drugs positively and significantly influenced egg out(% 7% and 5% levels respectively Results of the profit function reveals war total output output eggs, agricultural credit and average price of eggs per chale had positive and significant effects own profit at 1% 1% and 5% levels actively Sufficient evidence exists to suggest that productivity level differ across arms with and we wishow access to credit. This study recommends increased incentives to farmers in form of credit facilities, Farmers should be encouraged to belong to organized farmers' groups such as Co-operatives
Effect of graded levels of toasted bambara groundnut (Voandzeia subterranea L) waste on performance of growing rabbits
Authors: Ani A. O.
Published: February 2021

The effects of different dietary levels of toasted bambara groundnut (Voandzeia subterranea L) waste on the performance of growing rabbits was studied. Twenty-four, 6-7 weeks old cross bred (Chinchilla x New Zealand whitel rabbits with average initial weight of 9629 were used for the feeding trial which lasted for 8 weeks. The rabbits were randomly divided into four treatment groups of 6 rabbits each and fed diets containing 0% (control), 10, 20 and 30% toasted bambara groundnut waste (TBGW) using a completely randomized design (CRD). Dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract and nitrogen-free extract intake and digestibility, weight gain and economics of TBGW inclusion were determined. Proximate composition of the diets, faeces, raw and toasted samples were also determined. The raw and toasted bambara groundnut waste had 91 and 93% dry matter, 17.0 and 16.27% crude protein, 26 und 24% crude fibre, 5 and 3. 5% ether extract, 2.5 and 4.0% ash, 40.5 and 45.23% nitrogen-free extract, and 4.13 and 3.88 kcal/g energy respectively. Significant differences (P<0.05) existed between treatments in feed intake, weight gain, final body weight, and digestibility of dry matter. crude protein, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract. Feed intake, weight gain, final body weight, and digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and nitrogen-free extract were similar for the control and 30% TBGW diets, and these were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that for 10% TBGW diet. The feed cost AN/kg gain) was similar for 10, 20 and 30% TBGW diets. The result showed that up to 30% toasted bambara groundnut waste can be included in the diets of growing rabbits without any adverse effect on performance.
The prevalence and seasonality of ruminant animal diseases in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Authors: Eniolorunda O. O. , Ajado O. A. , Oyedele S. O.
Published: February 2021

A ten-year (1996-2005) record of treatment report on diagnosed ruminant diseases in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State was evaluated to determine the prevalence and seasonality of the major ruminant diseases in the southwestern part of Nigeria. A total of 6880 ruminants comprising 114 cattle, 3312 sheep and 3454 goats were treated. Trypanomosis, Pneumonia, and Malnutrition showed seasonal fluctuation while Helminthiasis, Ectoparasitism, Gastro-Enteritis, Kata and Dystocia were distributed throughout the year. Helminthasis (3126 cases) had a seasonal occurrence of 31.99%, 31.54%, 11.89% and 29.01% for the hot-dry , hot-humid rainy, hot humid non-rainy and cool-humid rainy seasons respectively. During the hot-dry season, Trypanosomosis (19.29%) and malnutrition (3.51%) in cattle, Helminthiasis (14.31% and 11.87%) in sheep and goats respectively were the major problems. Ectoparasition (6.76% and 7.53%) and Kata (5.86% and 5.79%) in the sheep and goats respectively were the major problems during the hot-humid rainy season. Helminthiasis (3.51%) Gastro-Enteritis (3.51%) and Toxaemia/Septicaemia (3.51%) in cattle, Helminthiasis (4.23% and 5.91%), Ectoparasitism (2.60% and 1.74%) and Kata (3.02% and 2.72%) in sheep and goats respectively were the major problems during the hot-humid non-rainy season. Pneumonia (5.265) and Helminthasis (3.51%) in cattle, Helminthasis (13.90% and 11.60%), Kata (4.90% and 7.53%), Ectoparasitism (3.51% and 5.21%) and Pneumonia (2.42% and 1.80%) in sheep and goats respectively were the major diseases that occurred in the cool humid rainy season. The relevance of this report to effective control of measures for the ruminant enterprise in southwestern Nigeria is also highlighted.
The frequency and influence of spur gene on six metric traits in Nigeria Local Chicken
Authors: Oguntunji A. O , Ayorinde K. I.
Published: February 2021

A study was collected in two local government arears of Oyo state,Nigerian, an adult, free-ranging indigenous chiken on the incidence and possible influence of the spur gene (sl) on the body weight and five other matric traits: Body length (BL), wing length (WL), shank length (SL), shank thickness (ST) and breast girth (BG) which are indicative of the body size and growth 486 (37.15%) of the 1039 sampled local fowls were sparrowed and the gene frequency was estimated to 0.61. the calculated gene and genotype frequencues were significantly different (p<0.05) from the expected values for a recessive gene where complete dominance is operating while sex analysis revealed high significant (P<0.01) incidene of the spur in males (70.3%). There was no significant (P>0.05) genotype effect on any of the metric traits under consideration.  It is demonstrated in this study that the incidence of spur gene (sl) seems to be sex-influenced, higher than expected but had no effect on the six metric traits considered.
Performance of Broilers fed On-Farm versus Commercial Feeds
Authors: Afolayan M. , Dafwang I. I. , Omage J. J.
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted in the Animal Science Departmental farm to compare the growth performance of broiler chickens reared on three on-form feeds and three commercial feeds. Broilers were fed the six types of feed during the starter phase between 0-5 weeks of age and during the finisher phase between 5-9weeks. Results showed that although one of the commercial feeds outperformed all other feeds in terms of weight gain and feed efficiency; the overall growth performance on on-farm feeds were comparable to those on commercial feeds even where one of the on-farm feeds contained sub-optimal levels of energy Ilowever, feed cost / kg weight gain was significantly lower for on-farm feeds. There were significant differences (P<0.05) between the on furm diets (T1-T3) and the commercial diets (T4 -T6) in term of feed cost per kg gain. The on farm feeds were relatively cheaper than the commercial feeds. It is concluded from this study that the widespread use of on-farm feeds hy poultry farmers can be justified on the basis of cost effectiveness and profitability considerutions. However the risks associated with this practice should be a matter of concern to all poultry farmers, research and extension personnel. It is therefore recommended that feed quality regulatory agencies should as a matter of urgency find ways by which some nieasure of quality control can be applied to on-farm feeds.
Effect of Mucuna Pruriens (Velvet Bean) Leaf Meal on Performance and Blood Composition of Finisher Broiler Chickens.
Authors: Emenalom O.O. , Etuk E. B. , Esonu B. O. , Anaba C.
Published: February 2021

The effect of Mucuma pruriens (Velvet bean) leaf neul on the performance and blood composition of finisher broiler chickens were determined in a 35-day feeding trial. Chemical analysis indicated that the leaf meal is relutively high in crude protein (22.34%) and with estimated energy content of 1:108.93kJ/kg DM. Maize based diets containing mucuna leaf meul (MLM) at 0,, 5,. 7.5 and 10% levels, respectively were formulated and fed to finisher broilers in a complete randomized design replicuted four times. Luch replicate contained 10 birds. Birds fed MLM diets had a statistically (P>0.05) similar feed intake values with the control group, Body weight gain of the birds compared favorably with the control except at 10% (P<0.05) dietary inclusion level. Birds fed 10% MLM dict hud the lowest weight gain. Feed conversion ratios were similar among the 1), 5 and 7.5% diel groups. The blood compositions of finisher broilers in terins of packed cell volume, red blood cell and haemoglohin increased with increasing dietary level of the meal but the values were not significantly (P>0.05) different from the control. With increasing dietary inclusion levels of MLM in the diets, the erythrocytic and leucocytic (WBC, lymphoecytas and neutrophils) parameters varied without any negative significant (P>0.05) effects. It is concluded that 7.5% MLM could be used in broiler finisher diets without any deleterious effects on the performance Enhanced erythrocytes values were obtained at 10% dietary level.
Performance, Linear Body Measurements and Carcass Characteristics of WAD Goats Fed Diets Supplemented with Slaughterhouse By-Products.
Authors: Isah O. A. , Abieyuwa O. , Akinsoyunu A. O.
Published: February 2021

This study was designed to investigate the effect of slaughter house by-product-based diets on feed utilization, body measurements and quantitative carcass characteristics of West African Dwarf (WAD) goat. Rations were formulated such that 0%(A), 35%(B), 70%(C) and 100%{D) of soybean meal were replaced weight for weight with the slaughter house by-product, in a concentrate diet. Sixteen WAD goats were allocated to the various dietary traetments in a completely randomized design for 126 days and were slaughted for carcass analysis, Result shows that animals on diet B had the least DM intake per unit metabolic size, their feed conversion ratio (i.e weight gained/dr. matter intake) was the best i.e. one kg of feed produced 0.2kg of body The data recorded for nitrogen retention in this study ranged from 6.60 to 8.83g/day. The mean apparent metabolizable energ (ME) consumed by animal on treatments A to D was 0.181, 0.171, 0.175 and 0.189Mcal/day 071 respectively. Animals on ration B recorded 48.4 cm and 39.1cm for body length and height ai withers respectively. Dressing percent was highest in goats on diet B(73.6%). Least value of cooking loss(29.73%) was observed in semitendernosus muscle of animals on diet B, while those on diet D(36.43%) had the highest result. There were significant dietary effect (P<0.05) on carcass composition of goats. Ration D produced carcass with the highest weight of lean muscles(4655.0g), but the least proportion of fat(174.0g) and the highest proportion of bones(1904.0g). It could be deduced  that ration D supported the development of animals with tall and lean body comformation while slaughter result revealed that animals on ration B had the best dressing%.
Effect of Hemiovariectomy on reproductive performance in Chinchila Rabbits.
Authors: Eze C. A. , Nwodo C. P. , Ogbu E. O.
Published: February 2021

This work evaluates the effects of hemiovariectomi (37 some reproductive indices such as conception rate, birth weight and birth litter size in Chinchilla breed of rabbits. Thirty females and six males were used for the experiment. The males were examined for breeding soundness before using them to cross the females. The experiment was replicated in two batches of three groups of five females and a male each at different periods. Hemi-ovariectomy was carried out in the right ovary of 10 does (Group A) and left ovary of another 10 does (Group B). Ten females in Group C were not ovariectomised and served as the control group. All groups were served at reproductive maturity by rotating the bucks. Pregnancy was diagnosed using a standard method. The reproductive indices evaluated included conception rate, birth weight and birth litter size. Data were analyzed using percentages, ratios, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was computed where necessary. Results showed that hemi ovariectomy significantly (P<0.01) reduced the mean litter size, Group A (2.50+58), Group B (3.00+0.71), control (Group C) (6.20+0.84). However, there was increased mean litter birth weight which, differed significantly (P<0.01) from that of the control (27.06), Group A (33.64+1.86) and Group B (33.93=1.75). Also, the conception rate in the treated groups averaged 65% while the control was 80%. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the groups in the interval from the introduction of the huck to the does to the time of conception. It is concluded thai hemiovariectomy has negative effect on the conception rate and birth litter size but has positive effect on birth litter weight. The procedure has shown that in highly priced breed of animal with unilateral ovarian uilments such an animal can still be used for breeding using the healthy ovary: The procedure could also be a more reliable method of birth control in pet animals as well as a means of producing heavy weight offspring.
Growth and Testicular Spermatozoa Reserve Potential Of Pre-pubertal Rabbits Fed With Diet Containing 16% Bovine Rumen Digesta-BIood Meal Mixture (50:50) In combination With 18% Cooked Macuna Bean Meal
Authors: Togun V. A. , Farinu G. O. , Ojebiyi O. O. , Ayorinde S. A. , Majaro C. O.
Published: February 2021

The growth response of pre-pubertal rabbits and their gonadal sperm reserve potential at pubertal stage when fed diets containing a combination of 16% (50-50) bovine rumen digesta-blood meal (BRDBM) mixture and 18% cooked mucuna bean (CMBM). This was in replacement of 500/0 of the maize and 50% of the groundnut cake of a pre-pubertal control diet. Twenty-four male rabbits of mixed breed aged between 6-8 weeks and body weight range 900-915g were randomly allocated to two diets: the control (diet 1) and the experimental (diet 2). Daily feed intake (72.4±7.5g  vs 64.0±9.1g), total weight gain (518±1g Vs 406±18g) and Terminal live weight (1427±48g vs 1317±410 were significantly (P <0.05) higher in the control than experimental group. Feed to gain ratio in group I was marginally lower (7.5±2.6g Vs 8.5±1.2g) than for diet 2. However, dressing percentage (68.6±7.00/6 Vs 75.4±9.0%) was significantly higher in the rabbits on diet 2 than diet l. The cost per kg of diet Vs as well as the cost per kg live weight gain (N352.6±O.l VsN344.5H).l) was significantly lower for diet 2 than diet l. The paired testes weight (1.8±0.6g Vs 1.9±0.40, daily sperm production (3.6x 108 Vs 3,8x 108) and testicular spermatozoa reserve were marginally higher in rabbit on diet 2 (experimental) than diet 1 (control). The paired epididymal weight for rabbits on diet 2 was significantly (P <0.05) higher (0.6±0.3g Vs 1.2±0.30 than those on diet l, indicating more efficient sperm storage. The hematological measured were not affected (P>O. 05) by the dietary treatments. The non-significant difference (P>O. 05) in the efficiency of sperm production and sperm reserve between the two diets confirmed that the inclusion of these materials, in the diet of rabbits supports the ventures Of increasing animal protein sources through cheaper rabbits production process in Nigeria