bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiences of the challenges of undertaking an orthodontic needs assessment within the National Health Service in England
Authors: Cure Richard John
Published: May 2019

The purpose of undertaking Orthodontic (Oral Health) Needs Assessment is to identify unmet healthcare need in a systematic way. The NHS Five Year Forward View set out a clear direction for the NHS in 2014, showing why change is needed and what it will look like. It has been recognised that the health needs and personal preferences of individuals are continuously adapting; therefore, orthodontic services are required to meet this changing environment. Here, we describe some of the challenges for orthodontic needs assessment. Current methods used to assess normative, perceived and expressed need are reviewed, highlighting how these may fail to accurately identify current orthodontic need. Currently, there is no index assessing either psychological need or psychological benefit from orthodontic treatment, despite evidence to suggest that there is a moderate improvement in the emotional and social wellbeing dimensions of the oral health-related quality of life of adolescents following orthodontic treatment. Commissioning of NHS orthodontic services should be guided by the best available evidence of need. As such, a number of recommendations are made which include establishment of comprehensive and comparable datasets for both primary and secondary care providers; review of the instruments used for measuring normative need in view of a changing society influenced by social media developments; and electronic referral management systems should be established which accurately monitor treatment provision. Moreover, further research is required to understand the health inequalities associated with orthodontic care and determine how social deprivation impacts on orthodontic treatment needs and uptake in local populations.
Preoperative Use of Statins in Carotid Artery Stenting: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Texakalidis Pavlos , Giannopoulos Stefanos , Jonnalagadda Anil K. , Chitale Rohan V. , Jabbour Pascal , Armstrong Ehrin J. , Schwartz Gregory G. , Kokkinidis Damianos G.
Published: May 2019

Purpose: To determine through meta-analysis whether administration of statins before carotid artery stenting (CAS) is associated with fewer periprocedural adverse events. Methods: All randomized and observational English-language studies of periprocedural statin administration prior to CAS that reported the outcomes of interest (stroke, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, and death at 30 days) were included in a random-effects meta-analysis. The I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Meta-regression analysis was performed to determine whether an association of statin treatment with risk of outcome events was influenced by other trial-level baseline characteristics of statin-treated and untreated patients. Results: Eleven studies comprising 4088 patients were included. Patients who received statins prior to CAS had a significantly lower risk of stroke (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.58, p<0.01; I2=0%) and death (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.96, p=0.042; I2=0%). Statin use was not associated with a reduced risk of transient ischemic attack or myocardial infarction. In meta-regression analysis, other trial-level baseline characteristics had no significant influence on the association of statin treatment with death or stroke. Conclusion: Statin therapy prior to CAS is associated with decreased risk of perioperative stroke and death without any effect on the rates of transient ischemic attack or myocardial infarction.
Crucial finishing and transfer printing of polyester blended fabrics
Authors: Abo El-Ola Samiha M , Eladwi Maha MT , Kotb Rehab M
Published: May 2019

Both consumer and manufacturer are faced with the presence of undesired bad microorganisms and the negative impacts they cause, in addition to the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation that penetrates human skin and materials. Antimicrobial finishing was assured to be common among both consumers and manufacturers. The present study focused on the development of multifunctional polyester-containing fabrics such as cotton/polyester 50/50, cotton/polyester 33/67, wool/polyester 40/60 using Sanitized® T99-19 as an antimicrobial agent, and transfer printing technique, and then UV-SUN®, a reactive anionic UV absorber based on oxalanilides. Finishing formulation contains DMDHEU as tetra-functional resin catalyst, acetic acid, and softener. AATCC 100 and AATCC 147 analysis were carried out to assess the antibacterial activity against two types of bacteria. The results revealed that finished and printed fabrics acquired the ability to inhibit the growth of both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus compared with unfinished ones (without an antimicrobial agent), and to enhance of color strength and crease recovery angles. In addition, imparting UV blocking ability that achieved very good and excellent protection categories. Moreover, the efficiency of activity against the bacteria was sustained up to 20 machine washes.
Per-operative glue embolization with surgical decompression: A multimodality treatment for aggressive vertebral haemangioma
Authors: Prabhuraj AR , Mishra Ajit , Mishra Rakesh Kumar , Pruthi Nupur , Saini Jitender , Arvinda HR
Published: May 2019

Objective

The aim of this study is to share our experience in per-operative embolization of aggressive vertebral haemangioma and to compare the surgical outcome with existing modalities of management.

Background

Vertebral haemangioma accounts for 12% of benign lesions of the vertebral column detected incidentally. Rarely they may enlarge, cause pain and neurological deficit because of spinal cord compression, vertebral body or arch expansion, or pathological fracture. Treatment options for symptomatic vertebral haemangioma include pre-operative transarterial embolization, surgical excision, radiotherapy, and percutaneous injection of alcohol or methyl methacrylate. We present our experience of per-operative glue embolization for aggressive (Enneking stage 3) vertebral haemangiomas.

Materials and methods

We describe five patients with symptomatic vertebral haemangioma at the dorsal level who underwent per-operative glue embolization. After initial laminectomy, a tumorogram was obtained under fluoroscopic guidance through direct contrast injection via spinal needle inserted through the pedicles of vertebra at the involved level. Varied concentration of glue was injected via the same spinal needle. All patients underwent surgical decompression of the intraspinal epidural component in the same sitting along with posterior spinal stabilization of the adjacent levels in two patients.

Results

In all five patients, complete embolization of the tumour was possible per-operatively through the transpedicular approach along with adjunctive surgical decompression, and the blood loss was significantly less. Clinical follow-up of these patients at 12–48 months showed reduction in size of the epidural component, relief of cord compression, and significant improvement in their neurological deficits with no recurrence.

Conclusion

We conclude that per-operative embolization is a safe and efficacious adjunctive procedure with surgical decompression with or without spinal stabilization for the treatment of symptomatic vertebral haemangiomas.
Simulation modeling of state-dependent queuing network: Impact of deepening on the vessel traffic in Yangtze River Estuary
Authors: Zhang Hao , Ke Jiangcen , Dong Shengping , Yuan Ziwen
Published: May 2019

This article is to study the impact of deepening on transportation efficiency in Yangtze River Estuary. Due to geographic conditions and administrative regulations, navigation system at the estuary can be formulated as a state-dependent queuing network with interdependent channels, multi-type vessels, and priority disciplines. We use simulation modeling to deal with this complex maritime system. Vessel calls to terminals, tidal and navigational rules, and vessel profiles are considered and a “dual clock” mechanism is designed to solve the pre-queuing optimization. The model is specifically built to stimulate vessel traffic on performance measures, including vessel waiting time and channel utilization. By performing scenario and policy analyses, several proposed deepening schemes are evaluated and compared.
Markov stochastic process modeling for evolution of wear depth in steam generator tubes
Authors: He Xing , Xu Xiaojiao , Tian Wei , Li Yuebing , Jin Weiya , Zhou Mingjue
Published: May 2019

Reliability of steam generator is a serious concern in the operation of nuclear power plants, especially for steam generator tubes that experience a variety of degradation mechanisms including wear damage. It is necessary to develop a model to accurately predict wear depth of tubes for the assessment and management of steam generator aging. In this article, a non-homogeneous Markov process model of wear is proposed to assess the evaluation of wear depth in steam generator tubes. Based on the analytical solutions of the system of Kolmogorov’s forward equations, the transition probability functions are computed to estimate the future wear depth distribution. The parameters are estimated under the assumption that the mean wear depths in the proposed Markov stochastic model are equal to the average of measured depths. The time evolution of wear depth distribution can be predicted. The proposed Markov stochastic model was tested with the in-service inspection records from steam generator tube inspection report, and the results showed a good agreement with future wear depth distribution.
Performance estimation of an engine with magnetorheological variable valve train
Authors: Shiao Yaojung , Kantipudi Mahendra Babu , Yang Tun-Hao
Published: May 2019

Researchers are continuously developing various energy-saving technologies to enhance the internal combustion engine efficiency. Among them, continuous variable valve timing and variable valve lift system is one potential technology. To achieve this ability, a new type of electric valve, known as magnetorheological valve train, was introduced, which is based on the magnetorheological fluid’s active behavior. In this study, gasoline engine models are established for dynamic simulations of an engine with the magnetorheological valve train. Volumetric efficiency and performance of the engine with different magnetorheological valve train valve lifts and valve timings at engine speeds between 2000 and 6000 r/min are also analyzed. Simulation results show that, at low engine speeds, the lift of the valve has little effect on the engine performance. However, under high and medium engine speeds, the lift of the valve significantly affects the performance; the smaller the valve lift, the smaller the volumetric efficiency. Likewise, an adjustment of valve opening angle timing to reduce the valve overlap angle effectively increased the engine volumetric efficiency at low engine speeds.
Analysis and research of quadruped robot’s legs: A comprehensive review
Authors: Zhong Yuhai , Wang Runxiao , Feng Huashan , Chen Yasheng
Published: May 2019

As an important basic component of quadruped robots, mechanical legs provide the robots with excellent maneuverability and versatility, which determine the core application performance such as job adaptability, walking speed, and load capacity. A large number of robotics institutes for the last few decades have studied mechanical legs used by quadruped robots and published many research results. In this article, we collect these research results and classify them into three categories (prismatic legs, articulated legs, and redundant articulated legs) according to the degrees of freedom and then introduce and analyze them. On this basis, we summarize and study the design methods of the actuators and mechanical leg structures. Finally, we make some suggestions for the development of quadruped robot’s legs in the future. The motivation of this review is to summarize and analyze previous research efforts and provide useful guidance for future robotic designers to develop more efficient mechanical legs of quadruped robots.
Affective Working Memory: An Integrative Psychological Construct
Authors: Mikels Joseph A. , Reuter-Lorenz Patricia A.
Published: May 2019

When people ruminate about an unfortunate encounter with a loved one, savor a long-sought accomplishment, or hold in mind feelings from a marvelous or regretfully tragic moment, what mental processes orchestrate these psychological phenomena? Such experiences typify how affect interacts with working memory, which we posit can occur in three primary ways: emotional experiences can modulate working memory, working memory can modulate emotional experiences, and feelings can be the mental representations maintained by working memory. We propose that this last mode constitutes distinct neuropsychological processes that support the integration of particular cognitive and affective processes: affective working memory. Accumulating behavioral and neural evidence suggests that affective working memory processes maintain feelings and are partially separable from their cognitive working memory counterparts. Affective working memory may be important for elucidating the contribution of affect to decision making, preserved emotional processes in later life, and mechanisms of psychological dysfunction in clinical disorders. We review basic behavioral, neuroscience, and clinical research that provides evidence for affective working memory; consider its theoretical implications; and evaluate its functional role within the psychological architecture. In sum, the perspective we advocate is that affective working memory is a fundamental mechanism of mind.
Social media in critical care: Fad or a new standard in medical education? An analysis of international critical care conferences between 2014 and 2017
Authors: Wong Adrian , Capel Ifor , Malbrain Manu
Published: May 2019

Medical conference organisers have increasingly used social media to improve interaction and learning amongst healthcare professionals. Despite the increasing use of Twitter at critical care conferences, there remains considerable debate as to its impact and ability to generate meaningful discussions beyond the duration of the conference itself. We aim to analyse the trend in Twitter use at international critical care conferences between 2014 and 2017. Fifteen major, international critical care conferences were identified spanning 2014–2017. They represented the annual congresses of the leading critical care professional societies including the first critical care conference to incorporate social media, Social Media and Critical Care. There has been an increased utilisation of social media at all the conferences analysed. This is reflected both in the number of users and the number of tweets. Tweets from the official conference twitter account contribute only a small proportion to the overall number with the exception of the International Fluid Academy. The potential benefits of social media have resulted in a sustained increased in its use at critical care conference between 2014 and 2017. Our analysis provides a better understanding on the use of social media at critical care conference. Further studies are needed to ascertain if this increase in use translates to enhance learning and patient care amongst colleagues.
A theoretical framework for designing educational website based on scientific standards to non-native Arabic speakers
Authors: Al-Jahwari Huda Said , Abusham Eimad Eldin
Published: May 2019

This article aims to promote a theoretical framework for designing an educational website based on scientific standards for non-native Arabic speakers to improve their abilities and performance in learning Arabic language. As Arabic language is commonly known as the language of Holy Quran and is the language of Prophet Muhammad (last of the prophets), so it is considered as one of the oldest languages in the world. In addition, it is widely used around the world and is the spoken language of the Arab states in the Middle East and North Africa. So, increasing the number of people who show their desires to learn Arabic language as a second language leads to build various online educational approaches. But based on previous studies, many educational websites are not built based on scientific standards, which affect students’ academic performance; therefore, there is an emergency demand to promote the theoretical framework for designing an educational website based on scientific standards to facilitate language acquisition and help non-native Arabic speakers to overcome the difficulties that they face in learning Arabic language.
Design of the Extraction Process for Characterization of Volatile Profile of Stem Wood by Solid-Phase Microextraction
Authors: Bajer Tomáš , Šulc Jakub , Ventura Karel , Bajerová Petra
Published: May 2019

A method for isolation of volatile compounds from samples of stem wood by solid-phase microextraction was developed. The extraction method was optimized using a central composite design approach. Extraction temperature and extraction time were optimized in the ranges of 40°C to 120°C and 10 to 90 minutes, respectively. Final extraction method was combined with GC-MS for separation and identification of volatile components of wood samples of seven tree species, commonly occurring in Central Europe. All of them were deciduous (acacia, alder, beech, elm, larch, maple, and oak). In total 185 organic compounds were identified in volatile profiles of all the samples by the developed method. To facilitate the evaluation of the suitability of the proposed method for extraction of different compound types, all identified compounds were categorized into 16 groups. Percentage of compound groups in volatile profiles of individual wood samples shows that the developed method is suitable for evaluation of a wide range of volatile components from stem wood.
(+)-Isoamericanol A: A Plant Growth Inhibitor From Heliotropium indicum
Authors: Chaipon Sirinapa , Boonmee Sutjaritpan , Iwasaki Arihiro , Suenaga Kiyotake , Kato-Noguchi Hisashi
Published: May 2019

A plant growth inhibitory substance was isolated from Heliotropium indicum by bioassay-guided purification and characterized to be (+)-isoamericanol A. (+)-Isoamericanol A significantly inhibited seedling growth of cress at a concentration greater than 0.1 mM. The concentrations of (+)-isoamericanol A required for 50% growth inhibition of cress roots and hypocotyls were 0.5 and 0.4 mM, respectively. This inhibition indicates that (+)-isoamericanol A had a growth inhibitory activity and may contribute to the allelopathic effect of H. indicum. This report is the first on the plant growth inhibitory activity of (+)-isoamericanol A as an allelopathic substance.
Goals, Recommendations, and the How-To Strategies for Developing and Facilitating Patient Safety and System Integration Simulations
Authors: Dubé Mirette , Shultz Jonas , Barnes Sue , Pascal Bobbi , Kaba Alyshah
Published: May 2019

Purpose:

The aim of this article is to outline overall goals, recommendations, and provide practical How-To strategies for developing and facilitating patient safety and system integration (PSSI) simulations for healthcare team members and organizations.

Background:

Simulation is increasingly being used as a quality improvement tool to better understand the tasks, environments, and processes that support the delivery of healthcare services. These PSSI simulations paired with system-focused debriefing can occur prior to implementing a new process or workflow to proactively identify system issues. They occur as part of a continuous cycle of quality improvement and have unique considerations for planning, implementation, and delivery of healthcare.

Method:

The Delphi technique was used to develop the recommendations and How-To strategies to guide those interested in conducting a PSSI simulations. The Delphi technique is a structured communication technique and systematic process of gathering information from a group of identified experts through a series of questionnaires to gain consensus regarding judgments on complex processes, where precise information is not available in the literature. The Delphi technique permitted an iterative and multistaged approach to transform expert opinions into group consensus.

Results:

The goals, recommendations, and How-To strategies include a focus on project management, stakeholder engagement, sponsorship, scenario design, prebriefing and debriefing, and evaluation metrics. The intent is to proactively identify system issues and disseminate actionable findings.

Conclusions:

This article highlights salient features to consider when using simulation as a strategy and tool for patient safety and quality improvement.
Building a European ‘network of networks’ for stroke clinical research – The European Stroke Organisation Trials Alliance (ESOTA)
Authors: Kelly Peter , Salman Rustam A , Arsovska Anita , Dippel Diederik WJ , Fischer Urs , Ford Gary A , Fuentes Blanca , Lemmens Robin , Marshall John C , Nederkoorn Paul J , Robinson Thompson , Weimar Christian , Berge Eivind ,   on behalf of the ESO Trials Network Committee ESOTA Steering Group
Published: May 2019

Promoting research to improve stroke prevention, acute care, and recovery is a key mission of the European Stroke Organisation (ESO). Stroke research networks may increase efficiencies and reduce waste in randomised clinical trials of stroke treatments. Several European countries have established national or regional stroke research networks, or have informal groups or stroke registers which may serve as a foundation for establishing a research network. To increase international collaboration on randomised trials for stroke in Europe, the ESO Trials Network Committee is leading the development of an alliance of national networks, the ESO Trials Alliance (ESOTA). Following initial consultation work in 2017, this paper describes an overview of progress to date in the first year of ESOTA activity. Beginning with five founding networks in England, Ireland, Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland, ESOTA aims to gradually grow, ultimately including several hundred stroke centres and affiliated investigators working collectively on randomised trials of new stroke treatments.
Half a century of handedness research: Myths, truths; fictions, facts; backwards, but mostly forwards
Authors: McManus Chris
Published: May 2019

Although most people are right-handed and have language in their left cerebral hemisphere, why that is so, and in particular why about ten per cent of people are left-handed, is far from clear. Multiple theories have been proposed, often with little in the way of empirical support, and sometimes indeed with strong evidence against them, and yet despite that have become modern urban myths, probably due to the symbolic power of right and left. One thinks in particular of ideas of being right-brained or left-brained, of suggestions that left-handedness is due to perinatal brain damage, of claims that left-handers die seven years earlier than right-handers, and of the unfalsifiable ramifications of the byzantine Geschwind-Behan-Galaburda theory. This article looks back over the past fifty years of research on brain asymmetries, exploring the different themes and approaches, sometimes in relation to the author’s own work. Taking all of the work together it is probable that cerebral asymmetries are under genetic control, probably with multiple genetic loci, only a few of which are now beginning to be found thanks to very large databases that are becoming available. Other progress is also seen in proper meta-analyses, the use of fMRI for studying multiple functional lateralisations in large number of individuals, fetal ultra-sound for assessing handedness before birth, and fascinating studies of lateralisation in an ever widening range of animal species. With luck the next fifty years will make more progress and show fewer false directions than had much of the work in the previous fifty years.
Connecting the city: A three-dimensional pedestrian network of Hong Kong
Authors: Sun Guibo , Webster Chris , Zhang Xiaohu
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the paper is to investigate how a three-dimensional pedestrian network reshapes connectivity and helps to integrate the built environment of high-density cities. Using the case of Hong Kong, first, we elaborate how a continuous three-dimensional network constitutes an entirely different urban morphological spatial hierarchy compared to two-dimensional because of the footbridge system, underground connected with metro stations, and paths connected with mall developments. Second, we construct a three-dimensional pedestrian network model classifying segments into 23 categories with multi-height levels (e.g. sidewalk, footbridge, underground, crosswalk, ramp, paths on the building roof). Then we map the three-dimensional network for Hong Kong territory in a geographic information system, finding that the three-dimensional pedestrian network is 2.4 times in length and 8.5 times in link size greater than the road network. Connectivity comparison through a betweenness measure found striking differences between the two networks and indicated that footbridges and underground links could enhance walkability when they are well connected with the ground-level networks. Since road networks are widely used as a proxy for pedestrian analysis, we suggest that active travel optimisation planning, especially in high-density cities, requires a bespoke three-dimensional pedestrian model. The three-dimensional pedestrian network, enabling multi-level city living in a vertical metropolis, is a fundamental consideration in urban planning and design practices for high-density cities.
Midterm Clinical and Radiological Outcome After Autologous Matrix-induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC) for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Weigelt Lizzy , Pfirrmann Christian , Wirth Stephan
Published: May 2019

Category:

Ankle

Introduction/Purpose:

Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) has recently become an interesting treatment option for osteochondral lesions of the talus since it combines safety and efficacy with overcoming several drawbacks of other surgical techniques. With AMIC, donor side morbidity of osteochondral autografts is eliminated, two-step procedures like matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation are minimized to a more cost-effective single step and restrictions due to limited availability of osteochondral allografts are resolved. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of AMIC by analyzing AMIC-repaired osteochondral talar lesions in consecutively treated patients after a minimum follow-up of 2 years.

Methods:

All patients with an osteochondral lesion of the talus treated with the AMIC technique completing a minimum follow-up of 2 years were enrolled in the study for clinical and radiological follow-up. Patients with additional procedures such as lateral ligament reconstruction or corrective calcaneal osteotomy were excluded. 31 of the 47 eligible patients (28 males, 13 females; mean age at surgery 35.7 (range, 13-75) years); body mass index 27.1+-4.7 kg/m2) could be retrospectively evaluated after a mean follow-up of 4.6 (range, 2.3-7.9) years. The preoperative defect size was 0.9+-0.5 (range 0.4-2.3) cm2. Only two osteochondral lesions were localized laterally. Data analysis included general demographics, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score for ankle function, the Tegner Score for sports activity, and the Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) scoring system for radiological evaluation.

Results:

The VAS improved significantly from 6.5+-2.0 preoperatively to 1.5+-2.2 at follow-up (p<0.001). The mean AOFAS score was 93.0+-8.2 (range, 74-100) points. The sports activity level improved significantly from 3.5+-1.8 points preoperatively to 4.9+-1.8 points at follow-up (p<0.001), but 29% did not reach their pre-injury level of activity. The MOCART score averaged 61.5+-21.2 (range, 0-95) points. Complete filling of the defect was seen in 41%, hypertrophy of the cartilage layer in 53%. Normal or nearly normal signal intensity was detected in 67%. All patients showed subchondral bone edema or cysts. The MRI findings did not correlate with the clinical outcome. 91% were satisfied with the outcome and would undergo the same procedure again.

Conclusion:

AMIC is a reliable procedure to treat osteochondral lesions of the talus. Significant pain reduction and high ankle function were observed after a mean midterm follow-up of 4.5 years. MRI findings did not reflect the good clinical results and therefore should only be performed to rule out other pathologies that might cause persistent symptoms.
Enhancement of the thermal stability and mechanical properties of recycled low density polyethylene/wheat biocomposite films with targeted repairing technology and network skeleton construction
Authors: Xiao Dingtian , Qing Shan , Yu Zhifeng , Xiao Huaqiang
Published: May 2019

In this paper, biocomposite films were prepared by using recycled low density polyethylene from marine plastic waste and wheat straw micropowders from common agricultural wastes in northern China. In order to determine the optimal ratio, eight experimental groups were set up for comparative testing. For further improving the performance of the biocomposite film, the three-dimensional network skeleton construction and targeted repairing technology of the material were designed. The specimens were characterized by a HD camera, a universal examination machine, a research grade inverted microscope, and a thermogravimetric analyzer. The results indicate that the agglomeration of powders reduces the tensile strength of the material, and the elongation at break depends on the properties of the polyolefin matrix itself. The reinforced biocomposite film has a 13.7 MPa tensile strength and a 243% elongation at break. It has slightly better mechanical properties than ordinary materials, which can be used as an economical, thermally stable, and environmentally friendly material to manufacture new packaging and courier bags.
Neuroticism, extraversion, life events and depression
Authors: Farmer Anne , Redman Kate , Harris Tanya , Mahmood Arshad , Sadler Stephanie , Pickering Andrea , McGuffin Peter
Published: May 2019

Background

Certain personality traits may mediate the relationship between familiality and adversity in causing depression.

Aims

To examine whether the neuroticism and extraversion scales ofthe Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) represent enduring traits underlying the vulnerability to respond to adversity by developing depressive episodes.

Method

A total of 108 subjects with depression and their siblings were compared with 105 healthy control subjects and their siblings. All were interviewed using the Schedules for the Clinical Assessment of Neuropsychiatry and the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule. Subjects also completed the EPI.

Results

Both neuroticism and extraversion were familial and correlated with mood and life event measures. There were no differences on either measure between the never-depressed siblings of probands with depression and controls. Regression analyses showed that the major influence on neuroticism was current mood.

Conclusions

Neither extraversion nor neuroticism measures trait vulnerability to depression, and neuroticism scores mainly reflect symptoms of depression.
Spontaneous dyskinesia and parkinsonism in never-medicated, chronically ill patients with schizophrenia: 18-month follow-up
Authors: McCreadie R. G. , Padmavati R. , Thara R. , Srinivasan T. N.
Published: May 2019

Background

Spontaneous dyskinesia and parkinsonism have been reported in never-medicated patients with schizophrenia but there has been no previous study of the natural history of these conditions.

Aims

To determine the prevalence of spontaneous dyskinesia and parkinsonism in a group of never-medicated, chronically ill patients with schizophrenia on two occasions separated by an 18-month interval.

Method

Dyskinesia was assessed by the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale using Schooler and Kane criteria for its presence; parkinsonism by the Simpson and Angus scale; and mental state by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for schizophrenia.

Results

Thirty-seven patients were examined on two occasions. Nine (24%) had dyskinesia on both occasions, 12 (33%) on one occasion and 16 (43%) on neither occasion. Twenty-one (57%) had dyskinesia on at least one occasion. Thirteen patients (35%) had parkinsonism on at least one occasion.

Conclusions

Spontaneous dyskinesia and parkinsonism fluctuate over time. The former was found on at least one occasion in the majority of patients. It is an integral part ofthe schizophrenic disease process.
Temporal lobe volume changes in people at high risk of schizophrenia with psychotic symptoms
Authors: Lawrie Stephen M. , Whalley Heather C. , Abukmeil Suheib S. , Kestelman Julia N. , Miller Patrick , Best Jonathan J. K. , Owens David G. C. , Johnstone Eve C.
Published: May 2019

Background

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has demonstrated abnormalities of brain structure, particularly of the temporal lobes, in schizophrenia. These are thought to be neurodevelopmental in origin, but when they become evident is unknown.

Aims

To determine iftemporal lobe volumes reduce during the development of symptoms of schizophrenia in initially well people at high riskofthis disorder.

Method

A group of 66 people who had at least two first— or second-degree relatives with schizophrenia and a control group of 20 healthy people had a structural MRI scan ofthe whole brain which was repeated after approximately 2 years. Regions of interest, specifically the amygdala-hippocampus complex and the temporal lobes, were traced semi-automatically by three masked raters with good inter— and intrarater reliability

Results

Regional brain volume changes over 2 years did notdiffer between high-risk and healthy participants. Within the high-risk group, the 19 people with psychotic symptoms (12 at first assessment) had a mean reduction of 2163 mm3 intherighttemporal lobe compared with 97 mm3 in the 47 without symptoms (P⩵0.02).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that people at high risk of schizophrenia with psychotic symptoms show reductions in temporal lobe volumes.
Biomarker Discovery in Pre–Type 1 Diabetes; Th40 Cells as a Predictive Risk Factor
Authors: Vaitaitis Gisela M , Rihanek Marynette , Alkanani Aimon K , Waid Dan M , Gottlieb Peter A , Wagner David H ,   Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group
Published: May 2019

Context

The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing worldwide. The quest to understand T1D etiology and how to predict diabetes is ongoing; and, in many ways, those goals intertwine. Although genetic components associate with T1D, not all individuals with T1D have those components, and T1D does not develop in all subjects with those components.

Objective

More robust methods for prediction of T1D are needed. We investigated if high CD4+CD40+ T-cell (Th40) levels can be used as a biomarker.

Methods

Th40 levels were assessed along with other parameters in blood collected from prediabetic subjects in TrialNet.

Results

In prediabetic subjects stratified according to Th40 cell level, patterns paralleled those seen between control subjects and those with T1D. Cytokine patterns were significantly different between those with high Th-40 levels (Th40-high) and those with low levels, and a CD4/CD8 double-positive population was more represented in Th40-high groups. Subjects experiencing impaired glucose tolerance had a significantly higher Th40 level than did control subjects. HLA DR4/DR4 and DQ8/DQ8 were more likely found among Th40-high subjects. Interestingly, HLA DR4/DR4 subjects were significantly older compared with all other subjects, suggesting that this haplotype, together with a high Th40 level, may represent someone in whom T1D will develop after age 30 years, which is reported for 42% of T1D cases.

Conclusion

Considering the differences found in relation to prediabetic Th40 cell level, it may be possible to devise methods that more accurately predict who will proceed toward diabetes and, possibly, indicate prediabetic stage.
Mais Viva!
Authors: Santana Dora Silva
Published: May 2019

The author focuses on the concept of mais viva, a term in Brazilian Portuguese that can be roughly translated as “more alive, alert, savvy.” She theorizes the concept of mais viva as an embodied knowledge of black and trans resistance, a kind of critical awareness necessary for building self-love and building communities, along the lines of bell hooks's work. This discussion is an outcome of the dialogic theorizing that took place in the author's conversations with black Brazilian travesti activist Selen Ravache and her engagements with the work of Brazilian black feminist Beatriz Nascimento. The author argues that Selen's story is an instantiation of trans feminist work that taps on the Afro-diasporic legacy of fugitivity as refusal to lose oneself, even when one's self constitutes transformation, movement. She connects that discussion of fugitivity in the Brazilian African diaspora with the debates on trans and black fugitive principles in the United States indexed in the work of Tourmaline, Miss Major, C. Riley Snorton, Saidiya Hartman, and James Ford III, to name a few. Foregrounding black trans experiences from the southern hemisphere in relationship to transnational debates on gender, race, class, sexuality, disability, and nationality, among others, as part of a contingent conglomeration of elements, using Susan Stryker, Paisley Currah, and Lisa Jean Moore's terms, an assemblage constitutes one of the possibilities to rearrange, reassemble the ways we understand, move within, and intersect black, trans, and feminist studies.
Defining the dynamic chromatin landscape of mouse nephron progenitors
Authors: Hilliard Sylvia , Song Renfang , Liu Hongbing , Chen Chao-hui , Li Yuwen , Baddoo Melody , Flemington Erik , Wanek Alanna , Kolls Jay , Saifudeen Zubaida , El-Dahr Samir S.
Published: May 2019

Six2+ cap mesenchyme cells, also called nephron progenitor cells (NPC), are precursors of all epithelial cell types of the nephron, the filtering unit of the kidney. Current evidence indicates that perinatal “old” NPC have a greater tendency to exit the progenitor niche and differentiate into nascent nephrons than their embryonic “young” counterpart. Understanding the underpinnings of NPC development may offer insights to rejuvenate old NPC and expand the progenitor pool. Here, we compared the chromatin landscape of young and old NPC and found common features reflecting their shared lineage but also intrinsic differences in chromatin accessibility and enhancer landscape supporting the view that old NPC are epigenetically poised for differentiation. Annotation of open chromatin regions and active enhancers uncovered the transcription factor Bach2 as a potential link between the pro-renewal MAPK/AP1 and pro-differentiation Six2/b-catenin pathways that might be of critical importance in regulation of NPC fate. Our data provide the first glimpse of the dynamic chromatin landscape of NPC and serve as a platform for future studies of the impact of genetic or environmental perturbations on the epigenome of NPC.
Reproductive fitness ofDrosophilais maximised by optimal developmental temperature
Authors: Klepsatel Peter , Girish Thirnahalli Nagaraj , Dircksen Heinrich , Gáliková Martina
Published: May 2019

Whether the character of developmental plasticity is adaptive or non-adaptive has often been a matter of controversy. Although thermal developmental plasticity has been studied in Drosophila for several traits, it is not entirely clear how it affects reproductive fitness. We, therefore, investigated how developmental temperature affects reproductive performance (early fecundity and egg-to-adult viability) of wild-caught Drosophila melanogaster. We have tested competing hypotheses on the character of developmental thermal plasticity using a full factorial design with three developmental and adulthood temperatures within the natural thermal range of this species. To account for potential intraspecific differences, we examined flies from tropical (India) and temperate (Slovakia) climate zones. Our results show that flies from both populations raised at intermediate developmental temperature (25°C) have comparable or higher early fecundity and fertility at all tested adulthood temperatures, while lower (17°C) or higher developmental temperatures (29°C) did not entail any advantage under the tested thermal regimes. Importantly, the superior thermal performance of flies raised at 25°C is apparent even after taking two traits positively associated with reproductive output into account – body size and ovariole number. Thus, in Drosophila melanogaster, development at a given temperature does not necessarily provide any advantage at this thermal environment in terms of reproductive fitness. Our findings strongly support the optimal developmental temperature hypothesis which claims that at different thermal environments the highest fitness is achieved when an organism is raised at its optimal developmental temperature.
Use of the surgical safety checklist in the operating room: Operating room nurses’ perspectives
Authors: Kisacik Oznur Gurlek , Cigerci Yeliz
Published: May 2019

Objective: To determine the opinions of operating room nurses towards the Surgical Safety ChecklistTR (SSCTR) and to determine applications for using SSCTR in operating rooms.

Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 102 nurses working in the operating rooms of a state hospital and a university hospital in the Afyonkarahisar province. Descriptive statistics method were used for data analysis.

Results: It was found that all operating room nurses knew the SSCTR and that they had a positive opinion regarding the necessity of the SSCTR. However, most of the participants stated that the SSCTR was not applied effectively in the operating room.

Conclusion: The results obtained from the study show that changes focusing on the development of a culture of patient safety (PS) and team collaboration in operating rooms must be made in order to apply SSCTR consistently and properly.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.29

How to cite this:Kisacik OG, Cigerci Y. Use of the surgical safety checklist in the operating room: Operating room nurses’ perspectives. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):614-619. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.29

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Por uma psicologia não moderna: o PesquisarCOM como prática meso-politica
Authors: Arendt Ronald , Moraes Marcia , Tsallis Alexandra
Published: May 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar possíveis contribuições da filósofa belga Isabelle Stengers para a construção do pesquisarCOM, um modo de fazer psicologia proposto por Moraes (2010). Partindo-se das noções de subjetividade e meso-política, afirmadas pela filósofa, o artigo indica que uma psicologia não moderna se torna possível se compreendermos o dispositivo de pesquisa não como um arranjo, que separa sujeito e objeto, mas como uma prática que não cessa de agenciar elementos heterogêneos. Investindo na meso-política, como uma política de vínculos, o artigo assevera que o pesquisarCOM é uma prática meso-política. FazerCOM o outro a pesquisa em psicologia é um modo de pôr em cena uma psicologia não moderna, isto é, uma psicologia cujas práticas passam ao largo das clássicas separações entre sujeito e objeto, pesquisador e pesquisado. O artigo conclui com um exemplo de uma Oficina de Experimentação Corporal com pessoas cegas e com baixa visão, inscritos numa instituição de reabilitação para pessoas com deficiência visual, insistindo que pesquisar é transformar-se no encontro com o outro, é fazer proliferar um mundo mais denso, que não estava dado de antemão, um mundo inantecipável, tecido de elementos heterogêneos, díspares, humanos, não humanos, ciborgues.
Ações, Rastros e Controvérsias Online/ Offline: possibilidades metodológicas a partir da Teoria Ator-rede
Authors: Coelho Ana Paula Pereira , Azambuja Patrícia
Published: May 2019

O processo de convergência midiática nos oferece um campo vasto e complexo de práticas cotidianas e comportamentais. Ações virtuais, invariavelmente, trazem à tona dimensões que envolvem, em um primeiro momento, ações simples e conversações em rede. A partir das quais, um olhar mais cuidadoso, revela com igual força condições tecnológicas, materiais, visibilidade social, questões humanas, culturais, políticas, entre outras - com curiosa fluidez para algumas situações que transitam livremente entre os espaços online e offline, entre o público e o privado, entre meios interpessoais e massivos etc. A partir desse cenário, e utilizando um caso específico como ponto de partida, propomos a produção de um pequeno mapa de conexões, empregando a Teoria Ator Rede (TAR) como possibilidade metodológica. A partir de uma escrita etnográfica (em contexto virtual) buscamos rastrear vínculos e estabilizar uma rede que nos permitisse compreender, mesmo que parcialmente, os múltiplos fluxos e associações proporcionadas pelos dispositivos de comunicação (digitais e/ou convencionais).
Reflexões sobre o ato de burlar sob o olhar da TAR
Authors: Pontes Lauro Rodriguez de
Published: May 2019

Este artigo visa discorrer sobre o ato de burlar no campo da tecnologia da informação usando a teoria ator rede (TAR) como referencial teórico; entendendo Burlar como um agente múltiplo e sempre presente como possibilidade em qualquer evento. A burla também surge da impossibilidade de se antever o que as interações sociotécnicas podem produzir.A burla dentro de tecnologia da informação e comunicação (TIC) será tomada como caminho a ser construído no processo de investigação. Os princípios da TAR aqui definidos como "conceitos-luva" serão utilizados como base argumentativa e teórica.
Mães no cárcere: percepção de vínculo com os filhos
Authors: Soares Indiara Ribeiro , Cenci Cláudia Mara Bosetto , Oliveira Luiz Ronaldo Freitas de
Published: May 2019

O presente estudo relata histórias de vida de mães que cumprem pena em regime fechado, tendo por objetivo identificar sua percepção dos vínculos mantidos com os filhos durante o período de reclusão. Nesse período, as mães deixam de exercer os cuidados necessários sob os filhos, ocorrendo o rompimento das funções maternas. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo que utilizou como estratégia, para coleta de dados, a entrevista semiestruturada, que foram gravadas e transcritas para categorização e análise. Foi identificado que a percepção sobre a importância da maternidade e a necessidade de cuidar dos filhos serviu de motivação para o cumprimento da pena e superação dos limites impostos pelo sistema carcerário.