bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of suppression of high-power narrow-band interference in radiometric receivers
Authors: Gutsol T.D. , Cherenkov A.D. , Semenets V.V.
Published: May 2023

The subject of this article is analytical analysis of the method and scheme of high-power narrow-band interference suppression in the vicinity of the local oscillator frequency. The used method is based on the automatic detection of interference combined with the local oscillator frequency and maintaining constancy of its signal. Interference cancellation scheme is based on the principle of operation of the modulation radiometer, in which the "meander" voltage switching unit controls the operation of the microwave key, the voltage adders and the phase detector. The circuits of automatic frequency tuning and adjustment of the amplitude of the local oscillator are independent and act continuously.
Signal processing in intelligent control systems for low-visibility and low-mobility air units
Authors: Solonskaya S. , Zhyrnov V.
Published: May 2023

It is proposed to improve the effectiveness of survey radars in detecting and recognizing low-visible and slow-moving air objects by creating special (virtual) space-time images for accumulating both energy and semantic components of signal information using the mathematical apparatus of algebra of finite predicates. It is shown how this approach can be used to detect and recognize slow-moving aircraft, which can be both in flight mode and in hang mode. Such signaling information will be accompanied by different semantic distinctive features: a sign of a trace and  sign of the signal repetition.
Characteristics of transient processes in a silver nanowire with optically dynamic shell
Authors: Stognii N.P. , Klimova N.P. , Butenko N.S.
Published: May 2023

Fundamental theoretical understanding of the process of the time domain dynamics of the surface plasmon excitation in the structure, consisting of a metal nanowire coupled with the optically dynamic shell is presented. Details are described of the dynamics in the metal nanowire by means of meticulous and exact mathematical calculations that found from the semi-analytic solution into the Laplace transform domain and its accurate inversion into transient domain by virtue of residues assessment at singular points that correspond to the excited plasmons of the structure.This problem is a 2D model of nanolaser and has applications in the most growing areas of nanophotonics that require technologies, which can stimulate coherent plasmon fields in subwavelength domain.
Electrodynamic sensor for determining the state of water in biological objects
Authors: Liu Chang , Bondarenko I.N. , Panchenko A.Yu. , Slipchenko N.I.
Published: May 2023

The distribution of free water and water associated with molecules of biological matter determines its state. The electrophysical properties of free and bound water are significantly different, and the relaxation frequency of molecules lies in the microwave range. Therefore, microwave methods of measurement are effective. The microwave sensor circuit is analyzed, for which it is possible to create a rigorous analytical model. The results of calculations of the electromagnetic field components and the transfer function of the sensor are discussed, and the dimensions of its working area are estimated.
Photovoltaic effect in optical transitions for ultraquantum limit between spin areas of Landau levels
Authors: Chernyshov N.N. , Slipchenko N.I. , Belousov A.V. , Alkhawaldeh M.A.F.
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted to the investigation of the photovoltaic effect in GaAs under optical transitions between the spin sub-bands of the Landau levels for the ultra quantum limit. The geometry is considered, when the polarization is perpendicular, and the current is directed along the magnetic field. The effect is due to the cubic terms in the Hamiltonian that exist due to the absence of an inversion center. The dependence of the current on the magnetic field has a resonance nature. Such an effect is associated with resonance in the intermediate state and interference of the second-order transition amplitudes with respect to relativistic contributions to the Hamiltonian. The aim of the work is a theoretical and experimental study of the photovoltaic effect for spin resonance. The practical value and scientific novelty lies in the study of the photovoltaic effect at spin resonance. Since a weakly absorbing medium is considered, an increase in the photovoltaic effect is observed as a result of the divergence of the mean square electric field modulus. The practical significance of the results lies in the development of a methodology for studying band parameters, and the terms in the Hamiltonian can lead to electro dipole transitions and photocurrents.
Oscillator tracking filter with nonlinear feedback
Authors: Menyalo A.D. , Rapin V.V.
Published: May 2023

An oscillator tracking filter based on a single circuit LC oscillator with the nonlinear feedback synchronized by a periodic nonharmonic signal is proposed. The theoretical investigation of the first-harmonic injection locked LC oscillator operation is considered. The model of the oscillator is presented and the stationary state operation is analyzed by the harmonic balance method. The obtained simple analytical expressions describing first and second harmonic components allow making quality analysis and can be directly applied to the practical design. This filter is intended for a selection of the first harmonic component of the external periodic polyharmonic signal in a wide working range with the purpose of measuring its frequency. It is found that such filters were very effective at large amplitudes of higher harmonic components of the external signal with unstable amplitude-phase correlations. Practical application has confirmed its high reliability.
Construction of systems of frequency impedance metering of biological tissues using “Arduino” platforms
Authors: Bykh A.I. , Kosin U.I. , Leonidov V.I. , Kravtsov A.V. , Bobnev R.A.
Published: May 2023

The electrical properties of biological tissue of vegetable origin are investigated, an algorithm for the functioning of the system for calculating the viability factor built on the basis of the “Arduino” platform is considered.
Automated complex for thermistors calibration and measurement of their parameters
Authors: Andreev A.N. , Andreeva O.N. , Lazarenko A.G.
Published: May 2023

The article describes in details a principle and operating modes of automated measuring system based on the Arduino platform, designed to study the temperature dependence of thermistors electrical resistance and to determine their parameters: the temperature coefficient of resistance in the temperature range T = (265 – 355) K and the time constant characterizing thermal inertness of the thermistor. Some testing results of the developed complex were presented and, using the Levenberg – Marquardt algorithm, the thermistor was calibrated – coefficients entering Steinhart – Hart equation were calculated.
Application of neural network technologies in the technical state control system of the aircraft engine TV3-117 in flight modes
Authors: Shmelev Yu.N. , Vladov S.I. , Kryshan A.F. , Gvozdyk S.D.
Published: May 2023

Application of neural networks in problems of aircraft engineering diagnostics exemplified by the diagnostics control of the technical state of the aircraft engine TV3-117 in the on-board system is described. The relevance of this work is the ability to control certain parameters, such as the rotor speed of the compressor, the temperature of the gas behind the turbine and the pressure behind the compressor, in real time, which will identify deviations in the engine and promptly decide on further operation of the aircraft. The decision-making process on the technical condition of the engine, as a result of monitoring its parameters, is carried out on the basis of fuzzy logic, which is an important aspect in conditions of incompleteness of information.
Integrated Method for Classifying Medium Resolution Satellite Remotely Sensed Imagery into Land Use Map
Authors: Aliyu Abdulazeez Onotu , Akomolafe Ebenezer Ayobami , Bala Adamu , Youngu Terwase , Musa Hassan , Bawa Swafiyudeen
Published: May 2023

There are several remotely sensed images of varied resolutions available. As a result, several classification techniques exist, which are roughly classified as pixel-based and object-based classification methods. Based on the foregoing, this study provided an integrated method of deriving land use from a coarse satellite image. Location coordinates of the land uses were acquired with a handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) instrument as primary data. The study classified the image quantitatively (pixel-based) into built-up, water, riparian, cultivated, and uncultivated land cover classes with no mixed pixels, and then qualitatively into educational, commercial, health, residential, and security land use classes that were conflicting due to spectral similarity. The total accuracy and kappa coefficient of the pixel-based land cover classification were 92.5% and 94% respectively. The results showed that residential land use occupied an area of 5500.01ha, followed by educational (2800.69ha); security (411.27ha); health (133.88ha); and commercial (109.01ha) respectively. The integrated method produces a crisp-appearance like the object-based image classification method. It eliminates the "salt and pepper" appearance that a traditional pixel-based classification would have. The output can be a vector or raster model depending on the purpose for which it is created.
Monitoring the Ground Deformation Caused by Ankara M4 Subway Tunnel with SAR Images
Authors: Yaşar Hüseyin , Eronat A. Hüsnü
Published: May 2023

Metro line projects are considered essential and costly but necessary projects to reduce and regulate traffic density. However, deformations that are not seen during the construction of the line may occur as time progresses. In this study, an investigation has been provided on how the ground deformations may occur in the future. The study area is Ankara province, Aydınlıkevler district. The data sets used in the study were obtained from ascending and descending Sentinel-1 images. Persistent Scatter Interferometry/Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (PSI/StaMPS) was used for interformetry measurements within the scope of the study. The results were compared with real field images
Insight into vegetation inclusion along urban roads: A pilot study on the preferences of expatriate roadside users in downtown Doha, Qatar
Authors: Mogra Soujanya , Khamidi Mohd Faris , Fadli Fodil
Published: May 2023

Physical Activity (PA) is vital for health and well-being. Automobile-oriented urban development hinders PA in rapidly urbanized cities. In this regard, Complete Streets’ is an emerging design approach to provide equitable services for all road users while promoting PA. Qatar is introducing ‘Complete Streets’ as part of an urban beautification project in which trees are an integral design element. In the capital city of Doha, expatriates constitute a large portion of the resident population; and primary roadside users due to their dependence on public transportation like the Metro rail. Using a quantitative survey, this pilot study conducted in a typical road segment of downtown Doha investigated the preferences of expatriate roadside users for ecosystem services (ES) offered by the street vegetation, the four potential roadside vegetation types, and the associated reasons. The results revealed that the top two preferred ESwere the benefits of street vegetation in the aesthetic enhancement of streets and microclimate regulations. The vegetation type that was perceived to have more greenery was most preferred. The perceived ‘restorative’ benefits of street vegetation mainly influenced the preferences. The findings of this study provide insight into the inclusion of vegetation along roads under the beautification projects in downtown Doha by the Public Works Authority, Ashghal. It is the first study in Qatar that focuses on the preferences of expatriate roadside users for the ES offered by street vegetation and street vegetation types.
Determination of the load-bearing capacity increase coefficient of a steel-concrete cylindrical load-bearing element
Authors: Synkovska Olena , Ihnatenko Andrii , Nazarenko Iryna
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Problem. Steel-concrete cylindrical load-bearing elements are rational for reducing material intensity of individual elements and systems as a whole in construction. External sheet reinforcement of cylindrical elements, which is in the form of clamp, simultaneously performs the power, protective and technological functions. The clamps in steel-concrete cylindrical load-bearing elements restrain the movement of concrete in the transverse direction and lead to the gain in concrete strength among other.  The concrete in the middle of the shell-clamp, in turn, increases its stability. Goal. The purpose of these theoretical researches is to determine the load-bearing capacity increase coefficient of a steel-concrete cylindrical load-bearing element based on the fundamental theories and criteria of material resistance and the theory of elasticity. Methodology. Research was performed using the analysis of scientific literature, systematization and unification of various theoretical methods and criteria for the strength of materials and the stress-strain behavior of individual elements and the structure as a whole. Results. Theoretical calculations to determine the load-bearing capacity increase coefficient of a steel-concrete cylindrical element made by enclosing a concrete core in a steel clamp  are presented on the basis of the combined fundamental theories and criteria of material resistance along with the theory of elasticity. Originality. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the fact that specific fundamental theoretical methods and criteria for assessing strength and determining the stress-strain behavior of structural elements were comprehensively analyzed and systematized, taking into consideration current regulatory requirements. Practical value. The presented results of the work are significantly different from most of the presented methods in the direction of calculating the stress-strain behavior and determining the load-bearing capacity of steel-concrete cylindrical load-bearing elements. Firstly, this would enable scientists to look at the problem of calculating such load-bearing elements from a new angle in further research, and secondly, it would accelerate the possibility of rational using of steel-concrete cylindrical load-bearing elements in all directions of construction.
Motivation support оf professional development аnd social activity formation of junior bachelors of Kharkiv National Automobile аnd Highway University
Authors: Bondarenko Volodymyr , Shein Vitalii
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Problem. This study is devoted to the research of motivational support of professional development and social activity formation among junior bachelors with the aim of improving the quality of education of Kharkiv National Automobile аnd Highway University graduates. Goal. The aim of the study is to determine the factors that provide motivational support for professional development and social activity formation among junior bachelors of Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University. Methodology. Nowadays there is still no clear definition of the concept of "quality of education" in scientific psychological and pedagogical literature, even without taking into account the fact that improving the quality of training of higher education graduates is the main task of higher education. Some methodologists, practitioners and theoreticians believe that the increase in the quality of education is possible due to the activation of the cognitive activity of education applicants, due to their active independent work, improvement of teaching methods of professional disciplines, involvement of education applicants in research work. The authors of the article consider the process of ensuring the quality of education by means of psychological support of the mass process, which is carried out through such disciplines of the humanitarian cycle as psychology, psychology of communication, psychology of management, conflictology and means of motivational support of the educational process, without which it is impossible to maintain the high cognitive activity of education applicants throughout the entire period of education. Results. The authors distinguish three types of professional motivation: dominant, situational and conformist, and calculate their ratio for a specific direction of training of education applicants, namely: junior bachelors in the educational and professional program "Technology of management of transport, logistics and information systems" of the initial level of higher education (short cycle ) in specialty 015.38 "Vocational education. (Transport)" field of knowledge 01 "Education". Originality. This scientific research can serve as a starting point for further studies of the impact of the disciplines of the psychological and pedagogical cycle on the quality of junior bachelor training, on the formation of motivational support for the educational process and their future social activity. Practical value. The practical value of this scientific investigation lies not only in the determination of the ways of further career and personal growth due to the determination of the professional orientation of one's further activities, but also in the rethinking of the significance and content of the disciplines of the psychological and pedagogical cycle as those that directly affect the motivational support of future educational activities of junior bachelor.
Functional Model Of Public Transport Passenger Flow Analysis And Assessment
Authors: Bondarenko Dmytro , Ushakova Iryna
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Problem. The operation of transport systems of a large city must ensure a continuous flow of passengers. The subway occupies a special place in the city's transport system. The constant increase in the loading of the subway not only worsens the conditions of passenger transportation, but also shortens the service life of the rolling stock and negatively affects the reliability of its operation. In the future, this may cause failures of the rolling stock, which means work failures. The main factor in the development of subway systems is passenger traffic, which determines the development of the subway network, the capacity of technical equipment, the number of vehicles, the size of depots and vehicle repair plants, and the time of repair with the least economic losses. Thus, one of the urgent tasks of the functioning of transport systems is the creation of an automated system of mass passenger service, in particular in the subway. Goal. The tasks of this study are the analysis of the subject area, the design of the information system according to the task, the selection of the necessary tools for this development, and the methods of software implementation. Analysis of passenger flows using an automated system will allow to solve many problems of design, operation, and planning of metro work, will allow to reduce the time for passenger service and optimize passenger flows. Methodology. Research methods are the methods of mass service systems. Results. The creation of a functional model will make it possible to develop a software product for the analysis and assessment of public transport passenger traffic. Originality.  Practical value. The software product created on the basis of the developed functional model will enable the user not only to analyze, but also to optimize the work of both existing and future metro stations.
Implementation of Agile approaches to contract-ing technologies based on a hybrid project man-agement methodology in the road construction industry
Authors: Petrenko Yurii , Buhaievskyi Mykhailo
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Problem. Traditionally, product requirements were agreed upon in advance, even before the project began, to ensure that the client would get exactly what they wanted, and this was the basis for the contract. But trying to manage risks by describing requirements in detail at an early stage often backfires. To avoid this problem, the traditional approach was replaced by a new one, whereby project participants shared common risks and successes and, as a result, worked more productively in many aspects. However even with this approach, the usual thinking in terms of fixed requirements often affected the agreements and expectations of the parties. One of the most effective solutions is Agile approach to contracts, in which both parties benefit in the short and long term. Goal. The goal is to develop Agile approach to contracting based on a hybrid project management methodology for the modernization of automated control systems at asphalt plants. Methodology. The work identifies a number of problems that need solving for traditional approaches to contracting technologies in project management. For a comprehensive and effective solution of the considered tasks, the Agile approach to contracting technologies based on a hybrid methodology, is proposed to use. Results. The global experience of using contracting technologies in project management is analyzed. The main types of traditional contracts are considered and the main advantages and disadvantages of their use are identified. Agile approach to contracting technologies based on a hybrid project management methodology for the modernization of automated control systems at asphalt plants is introduced. Originality. It is suggested to use Agile approach to contracting technologies in the hybrid methodology for project management of automated control system modernization at asphalt plants. Practical value. The use of the proposed method of contracts handling will not only ensure regular and objective management by the client, but also increase the level of trust between the subjects of project activities.
Urban daily water demand forecasting
Authors: Zadachyn Viktor , Frolov Oleg
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Problem. The problem of building models and methods of forecasting the daily need for urban water is considered. Much more attention needs to be given to forecasting methods if utilities are to make decisions that reflect the level of uncertainty precisely in future daily demand forecasts. Daily water consumption, unlike annual and monthly water consumption, is much more highly dependent on chance. Goal. The main goal of this paper is to obtain enough accurate forecasts of daily urban water consumption.  Method. An algorithm for calculating the urban daily water demand forecast based on the concept of same-type days of water demand for previous years has been suggested. Scientific novelty. The originality of the method lies in the fact that it does not use neural network models, but still makes it possible to obtain enough accurate forecasts of daily urban water needs. Results.  The presented algorithm for calculating the urban daily water demand forecast has been implemented in the form of a software package and has been tested for many years in real-life conditions. The average absolute percentage error of the daily forecast of urban water demand for one month does not exceed 5%. Practical significance. The practical value of this work lies in the fact that the presented software complex for calculating the forecast of the city's daily water demand can be used in the information services of city utility companies to make operational and tactical decisions regarding the provision of water supply services to the population.
Mathematical modeling of the car speed control system
Authors: Binkovska Anzhela
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Problem. Speed control systems are used to ensure road safety and improve vehicle efficiency by controlling traffic speed. The main purpose of the speed control system is to ensure road safety, increase vehicle efficiency and reduce the negative impact of transport on the environment by controlling the speed of traffic. Reducing speed allows drivers to react in time to unforeseen situations, stop at traffic lights, and reduce the distance to other vehicles. In this paper, we have carried out mathematical modeling of a vehicle speed control system. Goal. As a result of the analysis, the purpose of the study was highlighted: to carry out mathematical modeling of the car speed control system. Job tasks: to model the speed control system using a proportional regulator and a PID controller. Methodology. Initially, we considered a vehicle speed control system using a proportional regulator. In the process of synthesis, it was found that the use of a P-controller provides insufficiently good quality of the vehicle speed control system. It was decided to use a PID controller to synthesize the speed control system. Results. The result of the study is: optimized settings of the PID controller provide a given control time tp≈40 s with practically no overshoot, which is a completely satisfactory quality of this system. Originality. The originality lies in the fact that a PID controller with an NCD block was used to determine the transient function of the system with optimal settings. Practical value. The use of the proposed results indicates the possibility of using a PID controller to ensure the set parameters.
Study of the influence of the parameters of the TI-C-Al-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3-PT-NA-01 charge stock mechanical activation on the duration of the modifying composites synthesis
Authors: Luzan Serhii, , Sytnykov Pavlo
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Problem. The paper is devoted to one of the urgent problems of modern materials science – the creation of materials with predetermined properties, methods of their production and practical application. Goal. This work is devoted to the study of the influence of mechanical activation parameters on the synthesis duration and morphology of the Ti-C-Al-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3-PT-NA-01 charge intended for the production of a modifying composite material obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. Methodology. Powders Ti, C, Al, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, PT-NA-01 are used as starting materials. Mechanical activation of the charge with variation of process parameters was carried out in a ball mill of the KM-1 model, developed by the authors of this work, of the intermittent principle of operation with a working steel drum volume of 1.5‧10-4m3. The ball mill weighs 5.8 kg and has dimensions (W-H-D) of 190-180-230 mm. The duration of mechanical processing of the charge was from 1 to 25 minutes, with a drum rotation speed of 50 to 180 rpm. The ratio of the charge weight to the grinding media weight (steel balls with a diameter of 6 mm) was 1 : 20 and 1 : 40. Results. Studies have established that the recommended mode of mechanical activation of the Ti-C-Al-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3-PT-NA-01 charge is treatment for 15 minutes at a drum rotation speed of 130 rpm and a ratio of 1:40 charge weight to steel ball weight. The particle size distribution of the charge is reduced from a maximum size of 100 microns to 40 microns. Originality. Based on the studies conducted, it can be concluded that such treatment of this charge leads to an increase in the chemical activity of the components and increases the efficiency of the SHS process by reducing the duration of its initiation and synthesis. Practical value. The developed modified composite material is recommended for arc surfacing and gas thermal spraying of strengthening and restoring coatings of machine parts.
Study of natural oscillations of a high-power steam turbine near the operating frequency
Authors: Krasnikov Sergey
Published: May 2023

Annotation. Problem. The natural frequencies and features of the natural forms of the turboset-foundation-base system near the operating frequency are considered. Goal.  The aim of the work is to study the natural frequencies and modes of natural oscillations of the turboset-foundation-base system near the operating frequency range to assess the vibrational state of the system and determine the causes of increased vibrations. The object of the study is the system of turboset-foundation-base. The system consists of a single reinforced concrete foundation on which a steam turbine and a generator are installed. The subject of the study is the natural frequencies and forms of natural oscillations of the turboset-foundation-base system. Methodology. The study was carried out by oscillation methods and the finite element method. The use of original methods developed directly by the author for constructing models of complex machine-building systems should also be mentioned. Results. As a result of the research, three-dimensional finite element models of low-pressure cylinder bodies, the foundation and the entire turboset-foundation-base system were built. The conducted study allows us to draw a conclusion regarding the causes of an increased level of vibration near the operating frequency and directions for their prevention. Originality. Regarding the methods of constructing a model of the turboset-foundation-base system, their uniqueness should be noted. The features of the applied modeling method make it possible to take into account the variable interaction between low-pressure cylinder bodies and the foundation. Fixpoints are also taken into account. Previous studies of the turboset-foundation-base system did not allow us to determine the nature of the oscillation modes near the operating frequency. Practical value. The results of the work relate to direct practical application. As a result of the work, conclusions were made about ways to increase the vibration reliability of the turbine unit-foundation-base system and further research directions.
Information Modeling of Organizational and Technological Solutions to Eliminate the Conse-quences of Super-Design Impacts in Construction
Authors: Hryhorovskyi Peter , Basanskyi Vladyslav , Hryhorovskyi Andrey , Bozhinskyi Michael
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Problem. There is a scientific contradiction between the need to minimize labor costs for the implementation of measures to stop emergency deformations that pose a threat to human life and the need to ensure regulatory requirements for the stability of damaged structures by increasing the duration of such measures. Taking into account the difficulty of obtaining information about the state of damaged elements in the presence of the risk of their collapse, information and mathematical modeling is considered a relevant method of operational determination of the technical state of a damaged building in conditions of information uncertainty, when decision-making on measures to prevent the collapse of emergency structures is urgent. Goal. The goal of the research is to assess the main directions and prospects to apply building information modeling methods for the optimization of organizational and technological solutions in emergency rescue operations, which will contribute to the rescue of possible accident victims and the elimination of the consequences of accidental destruction of large-panel buildings due to overtime effects in the result of military actions. Methodology provides for making decisions on the basis of informational, calculation models, which are made taking into account the information available at the time of their compilation, using, including, expert evaluation, utility functions, etc., to obtain predictive physical and technical characteristics of emergency buildings, their parts and structures. Results. It has been established that the selection of optimal emergency measures, by the method of information and mathematical modeling using databases consisting of variants of typical destructions and technical, technological and organizational solutions to eliminate their consequences, will contribute to the optimization of costs for the implementation of measures to timely eliminate the threats of overtime deformations and progressive collapse. Originality. The originality is in optimization of measures to eliminate emergency destruction by means of typical mathematical and informational modeling of technological solutions and the use of typical equipment for temporary strengthening of emergency structures. Practical value. Increasing the effectiveness of the processes for liquidation of emergency destruction of large-panel buildings due to extra-project impacts is possible due to the optimization of measures for their liquidation through mathematical and informational modeling of such solutions and the use of standard equipment for temporary reinforcement of emergency structures.
Road Temporary Collapsible Bridges
Authors: Buhaievskyi Serhii , Nenastina Tetiana , Shekhovtsova Tetiana , Shtefan Olha , Matsyi Mykhailo
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Problem. Bridge crossings on motorways are the most vulnerable facilities. Restoration of bridges destroyed as a result of accidents, natural disasters and military operations is crucial for the functioning of Ukraine's economy and armed forces. The organisation of bridge reconstruction works on motorways remains one of the most challenging tasks. Reconstruction of bridges involves significant expenditure of effort, money and time. The main requirement is to restore destroyed bridges in a short time. The use of sets of temporary collapsible road bridges allows for the restoration of interrupted traffic across water obstacles in a short time. Goal. The goal of the research is to generalise and systematise temporary collapsible bridges of various static systems for civil and military purposes used in Ukraine and around the world. Methodology Methods of analysis and generalisation are used to systematise road temporary collapsible bridges of various static systems for civil and military purposes used in different countries. Results. The data for the use of temporary road collapsible bridges in Ukraine were obtained. The main characteristics of temporary bridges are: the size of spans, bridge length, carriageway width, load capacity, weight of bridge structures, main bridge elements, assembly time, etc. Originality. He article presents the results of generalisation and systematisation of temporary collapsible bridges of various static systems for civil and military purposes used in Ukraine and around the world. Practical value. The objective of the study was to familiarise a wide range of bridge specialists with the peculiarities of using various designs of temporary collapsible bridges and further modelling of organisational and technical solutions for their use in the context of military aggression against Ukraine.
The Active Ingredient in Reading Comprehension Strategy Intervention for Struggling Readers: A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Peng , Wang Wei , Filderman Marissa J. , Zhang Wenxiu , Lin Lifeng
Published: May 2023

Based on 52 studies with samples mostly from English-speaking countries, the current study used Bayesian network meta-analysis to investigate the intervention effectiveness of different reading comprehension strategy combinations on reading comprehension among students with reading difficulties in 3rd through 12th grade. We focused on commonly researched strategies: main idea, inference, text structure, retell, prediction, self-monitoring, and graphic organizers. Results showed (1) instruction of more strategies did not necessarily have stronger effects on reading comprehension; (2) there was no single reading comprehension strategy that produced the strongest effect; (3) main idea, text structure, and retell, taught together as the primary strategies, seemed the most effective; and (4) the effects of strategies only held when background knowledge instruction was included. These findings suggest strategy instruction among students with reading difficulties follows an ingredient-interaction model—that is, no single strategy works the best. It is not “the more we teach, the better outcomes to expect.” Instead, different strategy combinations may produce different effects on reading comprehension. Main idea, text structure, and retell together may best optimize the cognitive load during reading comprehension. Background knowledge instruction should be combined with strategy instruction to facilitate knowledge retrieval as to reduce the cognitive load of using strategies.
Effects of Mastery 5Es Constructivist Teaching Approach on Secondary School Students’ Achievement in Chemistry in Rongai Sub-County, Nakuru County, Kenya
Authors: Kibor Ednah C. , Ndeke G.C.W , Wambugu Patriciah W.
Published: May 2023

Analysis of chemistry performance in Kenya since 2013 indicates a trend of below average performance. This may be attributed to the conventional teaching methods that are mainly teacher centered. Mastery 5Es constructivist teaching approach (M5EsA) may help address the problem of poor performance in chemistry though its effects have not been determined. This study investigated the effects of using M5EsA on students’ achievement in chemistry in Rongai sub-county. Solomon Four Non-Equivalent Control Group Design under Quasi experimental research was used. Sample size of 303 students. Chemistry Achievement Test (CAT) with reliability of 0.701 was used to collect data. Hypothesis was tested using t-Test, ANOVA and ANCOVA at critical alpha value of 0.05. The findings indicated that M5EsA led to increased students’ achievement in Chemistry.
Implementation of the Total People’s War Strategy to Suppress Papua Separatist Movement
Authors: Christawan Ervan , Perwita Anak Agung Banyu , Midhio I Wayan , Hendra Afrizal , Risman Helda
Published: May 2023

The enduring effectiveness of the "divide and conquer" political strategy employed by foreign powers remains evident in contemporary times, demonstrating ongoing challenges in achieving unity within Indonesia's diverse population under the framework of NKRI. The Papua Separatist Movement (PSM) seeks international support for an alternative referendum to the 1969 Pepera, aiming to achieve independence from Indonesia through political, covert, and armed means, despite the government's closure of referendum options. This qualitative research, based on a comprehensive literature review, aims to explore efforts to address and improve key issues exploited by the PSM's political front, including economic inequality, education disparities, healthcare gaps, infrastructure limitations, and security challenges. Additionally, the study will examine initiatives aimed at curbing the activities of the PSM's armed front, which has been implicated in numerous human rights violations against indigenous Papuans, civilians, foreigners, security personnel, and the military. President Jokowi has emphasized the need for a comprehensive solution to this issue, underscoring the importance of addressing root causes while maintaining the government's soft power approach, which focuses on normative and functional integration. Furthermore, the Indonesian government actively engages in diplomatic interactions with other nations, organizations, and international communities, with the ultimate objective of resolving the conflict through the harmonious integration of Papua into Indonesia's vision of a secure and prosperous nation.
Boltzmann Brain Probability – a Biological Solution for Cosmology, Physics and Philosophy
Authors: Ashrafian Hutan
Published: May 2023

The Boltzmann Brain concept is derived from the application of the theory of entropy to suggest that based on a possible probability of a thermal or quantum fluctuation, a spontaneous brain with human memories and cognition will come into existence before the Heath Death of the universe. This had led to cosmological and philosophical discussions regarding our understanding of the physics of universe, existentialism, and the anthropic principle. Calculations to quantify Boltzmann Brain genesis have so-far been circumscribed through the application of cosmological theories of thermal fluctuations in Minkowski Space or quantum fluctuations, typically via nucleation in de Sitter Space. Within these physics-based approaches, the assumptions of brain generation are on non-specific, non-biological relative probabilities of coming into existence though a variety of cosmological models. I apply a probabilistic model of spontaneous human brain genesis with real-world biological data to derive a quantifiable value for Boltzmann Brain genesis. This biologically derived Boltzmann Brain can be used to frame approaches to cosmological and philosophical solutions for Boltzmann brain considerations.
DiGRA 2022 Extended Abstract: Opening Pandora’s loot box: Weak links with gambling and player opinions on probability disclosures in China
Authors: Xiao Leon Y. , Fraser Tullia C. , Newall Philip Warren Stirling
Published: May 2023

Paid loot boxes are quasi-gambling monetisation methods in video games that provide the player with randomised rewards of varying in-game and, potentially, real-world value (Nielsen and Grabarczyk, 2019). Loot boxes are prevalent in video games internationally (Zendle et al., 2020), and are more prevalent in the People’s Republic of China (the PRC)1 than in the UK (Xiao et al., 2021). Loot box purchasing has been found to be positively correlated with problem gambling in 15 previous studies in Western countries, including the US (Zendle and Cairns, 2019), the UK (Wardle and Zendle, 2021), Germany (von Meduna et al., 2020), Denmark (Kristiansen and Severin, 2019), and Australasia (Drummond et al., 2020), and internationally in general (Close et al., 2021). However, it is not known whether the same positive correlation can be found in non-Western countries, as cultural differences have been identified as a factor which affects gambling behaviours (Raylu and Oei, 2004). Many countries are grappling with how best to regulate loot boxes, including non-Western countries, e.g., Brazil (Dealessandri, 2021). As the existing literature is based on ‘Western Educated Industrialized Rich and Democratic (WEIRD)’ samples, it is desirable to attempt to replicate this correlation in non-Western countries to broaden the literature and inform forthcoming regulation.
Permintaan dan Penawaran Agregatif
Authors: Ali Nurfadilla Nur
Published: May 2023

Tulisan ini dibuat untuk memenuhi tugas dari mata kuliah ekonomi makro yang memuat tentang materi yang telah disampaikan dan didiskusikan di kelas bersama dosen kami. Dalam tulisan ini memuat pengenalan singkat mengenai materi "Permintaan & Penawaran Agregatif", Penulis berharap bisa membantu pembaca dalam menambah wawasan dan penulis juga menyadari bahwa apa yang ada didalam tulisan ini masih belum memuat semua informasi yang ada tentang judul materi yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya.
DiGRA 2022 Panel: Loot boxes in video games: What do we know so far and what should we study in the future?
Authors: Xiao Leon Y.
Published: May 2023

This panel discussion combines the participants’ expertise in philosophy, psychology, ethics, computer science, and law.Questions that the panel will seek to explore include:• What do we already know about loot boxes through the existing literature?• What are the weaknesses of the existing literature that should be addressedthrough further research?• Is the current push for regulation of loot boxes and gambling-like content in video games similar to or different from the ‘moral panic’ surrounding violence in video games of the decades past?• Is legal regulation the only solution, or can industry self-regulation be just as effective?• Are restrictions or ‘bans’ on loot boxes the only option or can loot boxes be designed in more ethical ways to reduce potential harms?• Exactly what is ethical game design? What makes one loot box implementation ethical but another unethical?• What further research do we need to do on loot boxes and other monetisation methods in video games?
Estimating the number of incidents of sexual violence: Evaluating a one-item approach for existing questionnaires
Authors: Anderson RaeAnn Elizabeth , Goodman Erica L. , Eby Frances , Tom Kimberly , Schwartz Amanda N. , Hanna Ashly
Published: May 2023

Objective: At least 12% of American women experience repeated sexual victimization. Indeed, one study suggests that 60% of those victimized sexually experienced victimization more than once. Yet, identifying cases of repeated victimization in research is methodologically challenging. The goal of this mixed-methods study was to test a one-item approach (number of incidents item) that could be used in conjunction with a variety of questionnaires to identify repeated sexual victimization.Method: Participants in the qualitative branch of the study were 40 young adults who completed a cognitive interview to understand the construct validity of the number of incidents item. Participants in the quantitative branch were 673 college students. Participants were administered a behaviorally specific questionnaire (the Sexual Experiences Survey-Short Form Victimization) to assess sexual victimization and the number of incidents item.Results: According to deductive coding, participants comprehended the item as intended (90%). Thematic analysis suggested that participants used personal experience and other parts of the questionnaire to construct their responses to the number of incidents item. Quantitatively, responses to the item were strongly correlated (r = .524 - .939) with an estimated frequency based on the number of behaviorally-specific SES-SFV items endorsed. Conclusions: Results indicate a one-item approach is promising for identifying cases of sexual revictimization. Results also indicate areas for further research to refine this and related items such as removing the phrase “unwanted”.
Legal Strategies to Enforce Military Discipline for Personnel of Indonesian Armed Forces at the Army Aviation Center
Authors: Subekti Arie , Supriyadi  , Indrayanti Kadek Wiwik
Published: May 2023

It is compulsory for Indonesian Armed Forces at Army Aviation Center (AAC) to demonstrate military discipline and uphold military ethics pursuant to Sapta Marga and Sumpah Prajurit (Oath of Enlistment). The law of military discipline is governed by several laws in Indonesia to maintain and enforce the professionalism of privates. However, in the armed forces at AAC, there had been at least 28 violations of military disciplines from 2017-2022. This research aims to analyze the causes of these violations and formulate the proper strategies to help improve law enforcement in military discipline for the armed forces at AAC. The research results reveal that nine factors have triggered the violations of military discipline among privates in AAC, including poor understanding of the law, poor organizational culture, socio-cultural factors, personality, motivation, psychological conditions, a shortage of natural resources, inadequate sanction, leadership, family problems, and economic burdens. To tackle all those factors causing violations of military disciplines, this research formulates 7 strategies to enhance law enforcement in military discipline for armed forces, consisting of strict law enforcement, training and education, administrative sanctions, enforcement of rules and regulations, strong organizational cultures, reinforced focus on career building, openness, and transparency.