bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAWFLY RESISTANCE IN WHEAT: IV. SOME EFFECTS OF LIGHT INTENSITY ON RESISTANCE
Authors: Roberts D. W. A. , Tyrrell C.
Published: March 2010

The degree of resistance to the wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.) of seven varieties of wheat grown under shaded conditions was shown to be lower than that of plants grown under unshaded conditions. The breakdown of resistance of Rescue wheat grown in the greenhouse in the winter was prevented by a high-intensity light supplement of 4000 foot-candles but not by a supplement of 1500 foot-candles. The low resistance of Rescue wheat grown in the greenhouse results from low light intensities in the greenhouse in both summer and winter. It was concluded that high light intensities are required for the maximum expression of stem-solidness and sawfly resistance in Rescue wheat.
PROGENY PERFORMANCE OF SEVEN RED RASPBERRY VARIETIES IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Aalders L. E. , Craig D. L.
Published: March 2010

Progeny from 21 crosses among 7 red raspberry varieties were evaluated with respect to yield, winter hardiness and resistance of canes to anthracnose (Elsinoe veneta). Seedlings of the varieties Trent and Rideau showed the greatest bud survival, especially when crossed with other varieties. The highest yielding progeny was Mailing Promise × Trent and this was not changed by adjusting yields for bud survival or number of canes per plot. Resistance to anthracnose was found in progenies of Viking, Willamette and Early Red and inheritance of anthracnose resistance seemed to be additive.
PETAL BLIGHT, A NEW DISEASE OF THE CANNA ’PFITZER’S DWARF’
Authors: Thompson H. S.
Published: March 2010

A severe petal blight was found affecting the canna ’Pfitzers Dwarf’ at Ottawa in 1959. The principal cause proved to be a pathogenic strain of an Alternarai of the tenuis type. Petal infection readily occurred from 5° to 30 °C. but lesions developed most rapidly at 25 °C The fungus also infected wounded leaves of canna, but it caused little decay. Myrothecium verrucaria (Alb. & Schw.) Ditmar ex Fr., isolated once from a diseased petal, could infect petals but it caused less rapid decay than the Alternaria.
THE ORGANIC ACIDS IN SILAGE AS DETERMINED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Lessard J. R. , Briggs R. A. , Scaletti J. V.
Published: March 2010

A method of extracting organic acids from silage and of separating them in the esterified form by gas chromatography is described. The method was applied to a study of the volatile fatty acids and of lactic and succinic acids in alfalfa silage. Fresh alfalfa contained small amounts of lactic, acetic and succinic acids. The quantities of these acids increased during fermentation of the silage but succinic and lactic acids decreased at later stages of fermentation, while butyric acid became prevalent. Wilting of the alfalfa crop for 8 hours prior to ensiling decreased the rate of formation of all acids and prevented the decrease of lactic and succinic acids. Butyric and propionic acids were present in only small quantities. A more severe wilting treatment decreased the rate of formation of acids still further. Some acids not detected by other methods were found in trace amounts.
FLOWER, POD AND SEED DEVELOPMENT RELATIVE TO THE TIMING OF THE SEED HARVEST OF VIKING BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL (Lotus corniculatus)
Authors: Winch J. E. , Macdonald H. A.
Published: March 2010

Investigations into pod and seed development and flowering habit relative to the timing of the seed harvest of birdsfoot trefoil were conducted from 1953 to 1956 at Ithaca, New York.The process of pod and seed development was divided into three stages: pod elongation, seed development and seed maturation. Only the last stage was of importance in determining the optimum time for seed harvest. Indicators of this stage were the succession of pod colours: light green, green-white and golden brown. Since these colours indicate changes in seed viability and pod moisture content they were the basis of determining when an individual pod should be harvested. While light green pods contained seed which was high in germination percentage, it was not until pods turned a green-white that seed attained its maximum weight. Pods of this colour were high in moisture and did not dehisce. It was concluded, therefore, that a pod should be harvested when it was green-white in colour.Seed developed in the lowest or oldest three umbels accounted for approximately 92 per cent of the potential yield. Any increase over this figure brought about by a delay in harvest which would permit the younger umbels to reach maturity would be overwhelmingly offset by seed loss resulting from deshicence of the older umbels.The optimum time of seed harvest may be determined by count or estimate of seed pod maturity. When 60 per cent of the pods are light green to white-green in colour the crop may be considered to be in the early stages of ripening. When 85 per cent of the pods are golden brown a large number will readily dehisce under conditions of low humidity. It is concluded, therefore, that birdsfoot trefoil seed harvest should begin when 70 to 80 per cent of the pods are mature.
PERFORMANCE OF FOUR IRRIGATED PASTURE MIXTURES UNDER GRAZING BY SHEEP
Authors: Wilson D. B. , Clark R. D.
Published: March 2010

Four herbage mixtures with two levels of fertilizer application were compared for 6 consecutive years under grazing by sheep. The most satisfactory mixture with respect to yield, persistence, and stability was one of orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L., smooth bromegrass, Bromus inermis Leys., creeping red fescue, Festuca rubra L., and ladino clover, Trifolium repens L. The same mixture of grasses without clover was lower yielding even with annual applications of 78 pounds of nitrogen and 48 pounds of P2O5 per acre. A mixture of orchardgrass, tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb., reed canary grass, Phalaris arundinacea L., and alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. yielded well, and combated weed encroachment but the alfalfa did not persist beyond the third year. Tall fescue was very aggressive in this mixture. A mixture of orchardgrass and ladino clover yielded well for a few years but became badly infested with weeds as the orchardgrass was reduced through winter killing. Moderate yield increases were obtained from phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer applications on all mixtures.
HOST RANGE STUDIES OF THE LITTLE CHERRY DISEASE VIRUS
Authors: Wilks Jack M. , Welsh Maurice F.
Published: March 2010

Attempts to pass the virus of the little cherry disease through apricot and Italian prune have been unsuccessful. Some clones of the native cherry, Prunus emarginata var. mollis have been shown to carry little cherry virus without symptoms, but other clones have been demonstrated immune. P. emarginata var. mollis is a possible source for the original introduction of little cherry virus into sweet cherry.
ROW WIDTH AND SEEDING RATE IN RELATION TO SEED PRODUCTION IN TIMOTHY, Phleum pratense L.
Authors: Fulkerson R. S. , Tossell W. E.
Published: March 2010

Row widths of 14, 21, 28 and 35 inches gave similar seed yields, out-yielding the 7-inch row width by 109 pounds per acre over a 4-year period. Row width had only minor effects on seed quality measured by seed weight, percentage of seed that established normal seedlings in soil and early seedling height. Rows 21 inches and wider required weed control measures. Based on seed yield, seed quality and weed control, the 14-inch row spacing was superior.Seeding rates of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 pounds per acre had no important effects on seed yield or seed quality. Of the three yield components studied – spike number, spike length and seed weight – only the last two were correlated with seed yield. Spike number was not related to seed yield in any of the 3 years in which it was studied but may have been important in determining differences among years in seed yield. None of the indices of seed quality was related closely to seed yield.
HONEYBEE ACTIVITY ON SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Authors: Boch R.
Published: March 2010

Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) visited safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) for nectar and pollen. About 90 per cent of the honeybees observed visited the crop in the morning. The nectar contained about 25 per cent sugars. Honeybees were by far the predominant visitors although other bees also visited the flowers. Safflower plots to which insects had full access produced twice as much seed as plots from which insects were excluded during the blooming period.
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AT KAPUSKASING, ONTARIO
Authors: Chapman L. J. , Dermine P.
Published: March 2010

Evapotranspiration from timothy, kept clipped and growing on moist soil and in similar surroundings, was measured during five summers at Kapuskasing, Ontario. The measured evapotranspiration was greater than evaporation from open water in a sunken evaporating pan and less than "potential" values computed on a monthly basis by the Thornthwaite and Penman formulae.
SOME EFFECTS OF FOUR CHLORINATED POLYCYCLIC INSECT TOXICANTS ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF POTATOES, CARROTS AND RADISH
Authors: Unrau A. M. , Harris G. Howell
Published: March 2010

The physiological effects on certain plants of the chlorinated polycyclic insect toxicants aldrin, isodrin, dieldrin and endrin, when these were mixed with soil, were investigated. Under field conditions 3.5 and 6.5 pounds of toxicant per acre allowed maximum yields with potatoes and carrots; and at 9.5 pounds per acre yields were greater than those for the controls.Only minor changes in carotene and ascorbic acid content were observed. The chlorine content of both test plants was increased. In radish, ascorbic acid was generally depressed by the four compounds but nitrate uptake was increased by the epoxy compounds, dieldrin and endrin. The non-oxygenated compounds, aldrin and isodrin, depressed the nitrate content. Phosphorus content was depressed at higher application rates while at lower levels moderate increases in phosphorus content were observed in some cases.Within certain concentration limits, all four compounds stimulated germination of radish seed in soil. On agar media, 40 p.p.m. aldrin inhibited germination of radish seed, while 40 to 200 p.p.m. of dieldrin, endrin and isodrin stimulated germination.The presence of the epoxide ring appeared to be associated with physiological activity whereas, with one exception, the stereo-chemical configuration of the compounds was not associated with their activity.
THE INHERITANCE OF RUST RESISTANCE: VII. THE INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO RACES 15B AND 56 OF STEM RUST IN ELEVEN COMMON WHEAT VARIETIES OF DIVERSE ORIGIN
Authors: Knott D. R. , Shen I-Sun
Published: March 2010

In an attempt to locate new genes for stem rust resistance, 11 varieties of wheat of as diverse origins as possible were studied. Each variety was backcrossed to the susceptible parent Marquis. The F2 families from the backcrosses were tested with races 15B and 56, and the inheritance of resistance determined. The genes carried by each variety were identified from the results of test crosses with varieties carrying known genes and with lines of Marquis carrying single genes for resistance. Most of the resistance present in the 11 varieties could be accounted for on the basis of known genes (Sr6 – Sr10). However, at least one new gene conditioning moderate resistance to race 15B, and possibly one or more new genes conditioning moderate resistance to race 56, were identified.
COMPARISON OF GRASSES FOR DRYLAND TURF
Authors: Knowles R. P.
Published: March 2010

Russian wild-rye, Fairway crested wheatgrass, and certain strains of sheep fescue showed superior hardiness, resistance to wear, and turf quality at Saskatoon, Sask., Streambank wheatgrass, western wheatgrass, and a native sedge were persistent but showed inferior turf quality. Grasses lacking hardiness included Merion bluegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, Canada bluegrass, creeping red fescue, chewing’s fescue, and certain strains of sheep fescue. Bromegrass had unsatisfactory turf quality and was easily damaged by vehicular traffic.
INHERITANCE OF QUALITY AS RELATED TO AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS IN ADVANCED LINES OF A SPRING WHEAT CROSS
Authors: Gfeller F. , Whiteside A. G. O.
Published: March 2010

The expansion, sedimentation and mixograph flour quality tests were used to evaluate the bread-making properties in F8 and F9 spring wheat lines, derived from a cross between the poor quality hybrid R.L.2265.46 (a McMurachy × Exchange selection) and the variety Redman. The results from these quality tests were considered in relation to head type and stem rust resistance to race 15B-4 (Can.) which is controlled by gene Sr6 present in the numbered parent.In general, the lines with compact spike and stem rust resistance showed inferior quality when compared with those having fusiform heads and with those which were susceptible to rust. It was observed that none of the lines of one population had good quality whereas in the second population, where the R.L. 2265-46 parent was shown to be heterozygous for both head type and rust resistance, 2.0 per cent of the population was promising in quality, rust resistance and yield. The Sr6 gene was found to be loosely linked with the gene for compact spike. The mean yields of lines having compact spikes were significantly lower than those with fusiform spikes.
AN EVALUATION OF VARIETAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ORCHARDGRASS (DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L.) SUBJECTED TO A SILAGE-PASTURE TYPE OF UTILIZATION
Authors: Davis W. E. P.
Published: March 2010

A study was conducted over 3 harvest years to evaluate the importance of maturity classification, tillering, and fall dormancy in relation to yield of dry matter, per cent protein and yield of protein, and regional adaptation of 40 orchardgrass varieties subjected to a silage-pasture type of utilization. Using head emergence (silage stage) as the criterion, five maturity classes were established: very early, early, medium, late, very late. Early maturity was positively associated with total yield, but there was no relation between maturity and per cent protein, tillering, or fall dormancy. Total yield of dry matter was the main determinant of protein yield. Tillering was not associated with yield of dry matter or per cent protein but was associated with fall greenness. Fall dormancy was positively associated with prostrate fall growth habit. Individual varieties displaying desirable agronomic characteristics were found within every maturity class. However, the leading varieties with respect to total yield of dry matter and protein per acre were from the medium maturity class. The medium maturity class displayed the best seasonal distribution of dry matter and general adaptation.
NOTE ON WILD OAT CONTROL BY DELAYED SEEDING OF WHEAT
Authors: Korven N. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
PLANT CHROMOGENS AS AN INDICATOR IN ESTIMATING THE DIGESTIBILITY OF FORAGE CROPS BY SHEEP
Authors: Troelsen J. E.
Published: March 2010

Digestibilities of 28 forages were determined in conventional digestibility trials with sheep. The concentration of chromogens was measured as the absorptivity at 406 mμ in extracts of the forages and resultant feces. The concentration of extracted chromogens was found to be affected by light, temperature, and time.The regressions of the digestibility of the forages on the concentration of chromogens in both the forages and the resultant feces were significant at P < 0.001. However, the data varied too much for a reliable estimation of the digestibility from the concentration of chromogens in either forages or feces. The recovery of chromogens from the feces was unsatisfactory for determining the digestibility by the chromogen-ratio method in 26 of the forages studied.An examination of the visible spectral absorbance curves of the chromogens suggested a consistent absorption peak for the forage extracts at 413 mμ. In each case the resultant feces curve crossed the forage curve on both its slopes. These intercepts are suggested to account for the two isosbestic points (406 and 415 mμ) proposed by other workers. However, in this study the intercepts varied too much to suggest that either of them would be reliable for measuring the concentration of chromogens for digestibility determinations.
AWN BRITTLENESS IN BARLEY
Authors: Chiasson T. C.
Published: March 2010

Awn brittleness measurements were made on barley varieties grown at three locations in the Atlantic Provinces and Brandon, Manitoba, by a method previously described by the author. Statistically significant differences in brittleness between varieties were obtained on samples from each location. The agreement in ranking of varieties at the three Atlantic locations was highly significant. Varieties grown at Brandon, Manitoba, and Fredericton, New Brunswick, showed only small differences in brittleness due to location. Tests conducted at Brandon gave considerably higher brittleness percentages than tests at Fredericton, irrespective of where the crop was grown. It is concluded that the method gives a reliable measure of awn brittleness, but environmental conditions during storage of samples and testing would have to be controlled to permit similar results to be obtained under varying conditions.
THE USE OF SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING IN EMBRYO TESTS FOR LOOSE SMUT IN BARLEY SEED
Authors: Russell R. C. , Sallans B. J. , Cannon H. B.
Published: March 2010

One hundred and forty lots of barley seed were subjected to an embryo test for the mycelium of Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr. Ten samples of 100 embryos were examined from each lot. It was found that the use of sequential sampling, instead of single or double sampling, in making routine tests for loose smut in barley seed, would result in a considerable saving of time and effort as far as determining whether seed stocks contain more or less than the percentage of smut set as the limit of tolerance. However, if the growers require a more exact knowledge of the level of infection in their stocks of seed, it would be preferable to examine 1,000 embryos from each stock, using the single sampling method.
SOME EFFECTS OF GAMMA RADIATION ON STORED ONIONS
Authors: Nuttall V. W. , Lyall L. H. , McQueen K. F.
Published: March 2010

Gamma radiation doses of 3200, 4700, 6500, 7900 and 9500 rad completely inhibited sprouting of Brigham Yellow Globe onions in a 300-day test period during which 75 per cent of the non-irradiated controls sprouted. In a second test of equal duration, using controlled temperature storage and shed storage, less than 3 per cent of Autumn Spice onions exposed to either 4000 or 8000 rad sprouted, whereas more than 79 per cent of the non-irradiated bulbs sprouted. Irradiation reduced sprouting of Yellow Sweet Spanish onions in both tests.Some evidence indicated that the smaller bulbs in both the irradiated and non-irradiated lots were less susceptible to storage rot. In Brigham Yellow Globe, the incidence of internal discoloration of the growing point was greatest with the highest radiation dose. Irradiated onions were milder in flavour.
A NEW CONTINUOUS POLLEN SAMPLER
Authors: Voisey P. W. , Bassett I. J.
Published: March 2010

A new continuous volumetric pollen sampler is described which eliminates considerable labour when studying diurnal variations for long periods. Preliminary results using this new apparatus at Ottawa in late August and September showed definite hour-to-hour Ambrosia pollen variations with peaks up to nearly 400 pollen per cubic yard of air occurring in the early morning.
NOTE ON THE EFFECT OF STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT AND VARIETY ON DAMAGE TO BARLEY BY THE CORN LEAF APHID, RHOPALOSIPHUM MAIDIS FITCH
Authors: Wells S. A. , McDonald S.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON A NEW MITE DISEASE OF BARLEY AND OTHER CEREALS
Authors: Wallace H. A. H. , Sinha R. N.
Published: March 2010

not available
INJURY BY THE SUNFLOWER MAGGOT, STRAUZIA LONGIPENNIS (WIED.) (DIPTERA: TRYPETIDAE), TO SUNFLOWERS IN MANITOBA
Authors: Westdal P. H. , Barrett C. F.
Published: March 2010

The sunflower maggot, Strauzia longipennis (Wied.), occurs throughout the sunflower growing area of Manitoba and in most years infests a very high percentage of sunflower plants. However, injury by the maggot, to the pith of the sunflower stalk, has no apparent effect on head diameter, seed yield, number of unformed seeds or seed set of the plant.
THE DORMANCY BEHAVIOR OF AVENA FATUA L. IN CULTIVATED SOIL
Authors: Banting J. D.
Published: March 2010

Recovery of dormant, non-dormant and dead wild oat seeds and seedling emergence from naturally-infested Regina heavy clay soil was used as a measure of viability during 5 years of consecutive summerfallow subsequent to 13 years of continuous cropping.Percentage viability and dormancy corresponded closely throughout the first summerfallow period. By season’s end 33 per cent of the seeds were viable but mostly dormant. It was concluded that persistence was due primarily to seed dormancy and not lack of germinative conditions.Numerous seedlings emerged the following spring until early June when viability averaged 4 per cent. The potential value of delayed seeding methods of control was indicated clearly at this time. Persistence of seeds in the soil in the second and two succeeding summerfallow years was attributed largely to primary seed dormancy. Lack of moisture and oxygen contributed temporarily. There was little or no evidence of secondary dormancy induction under field conditions. Neither moisture nor oxygen supply appeared to seriously reduce total emergence in adjoining cropland. It was concluded that wild oats could be "grown out" equally well in a 2-year rotation of alternate crop and summerfallow as by means of 2 years of consecutive summerfallow if re-infestation was prevented during the crop year.Inhibition of germination of surface seeds, presumably by light, did not markedly prolong persistence of viable seeds in the soil. No viable seeds were found on the surface after June of the third summerfallow year.Results indicated that a minimum of 5 years is needed to elminate wild oats from heavy clay soils under cultivation.
THE INHERITANCE OF LOOSE SMUT RESISTANCE.: I. THE INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE IN FOUR BARLEY VARIETIES IMMUNE TO RACE 2 OF LOOSE SMUT
Authors: Larter E. N. , Enns H.
Published: March 2010

Four barley varieties, each immune to a Valki-attacking culture of loose smut (designated as race 2), were studied with respect to the inheritance of their resistance. Jet (C.I. 967) and Nigrinudum (C.I. 2222) were each found to possess two independent dominant genes determining resistance. Steudelli (C.I. 2266) proved to be immune to race 2 through the action of a single dominant gene, while resistance of Hillsa (C.I. 1604) was found to be conditioned by two complementary dominant genes. The absence of susceptible F3 families in crosses between Jet, Nigrinudum, and Steudelli indicated that these three varieties have in common a gene or genes for resistance to the race of smut used. The two complementary genes for resistance in Hillsa proved to be distinct from those of the other three varieties under study.The use of genetic analyses of disease resistance based upon classification of F3 families of the backcross to the resistant source is described and the merits of such a method are discussed.
FACTEURS POUVANT INFLUENCER LA MULTIPLICATION DE L’ORME D’AMERIQUE (ULMUS AMERICANA L.) PAR BOUTURES DE RAMEAUX FEUILLES
Authors: Ouellet C. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECT OF THE v LOCUS ON YIELD OF ADAPTED BARLEY VARIETIES
Authors: Wells S. A.
Published: March 2010

The vv (6-row) genotype was substituted for the VV (2-row) genotype in Compana barley and the VV for the vv genotype in Vantage by back-crossing. The effect on yield was determined by growing the parents and reconstituted varieties in yield tests at three locations in 2 years. Yield was not affected by substituting vv for VV in Compana but was sharply reduced by substituting VV for vv in Vantage. Observations at Lethbridge indicated that each reconstituted variety was essentially identical to the recurrent parent in tillering capacity. Seed size and number of seeds per head were affected by the v locus, since an increased number of smaller seeds was associated with the vv genotype and a decreased number of larger seeds with the VV genotype. The results indicate no difference in yield potential between the two genotypes, provided that each is present in a variety with the appropriate combination of the various yield components for that genotype.
CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL IN TRANSPLANTED TOMATOES
Authors: Saidak W. J.
Published: March 2010

Experiments on the chemical control of weeds in tomatoes were conducted in 1959 and 1960 at Ottawa and Smithfield, Ontario. The weed populations were dominated by annual broadleaved weeds.Granular formulations of amiben, CDEC, DNBP, EPTC, simazine, CIPC and neburon were applied in 1959 as pre-emergence herbicides to established transplanted tomatoes. Solan was applied as a post-emergence spray about 1 month after transplanting when the weeds were less than 4 inches high. Amiben, solan and CDEC were selected for further evaluation in 1960 on the basis of weed control effectiveness and lack of crop injury.The effect on yield, of single and double applications of amiben, solan and CDEC, was not statistically significant. Two applications of amiben and CDEC provided significantly better weed control than single applications at Smithfield, but little difference was found at Ottawa where the weed population was smaller.In these experiments solan, amiben and CDEC at 4 and 6 pounds per acre have produced reliable and effective weed control from shortly after transplanting until harvest time. Neither solan, amiben nor CDEC caused injury to the tomatoes.
A TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTING VIRUS-INFECTED MONTMORENCY CHERRY SEEDS
Authors: George J. A.
Published: March 2010

Virus was transmitted mechanically to cucumber seedlings from single, fresh or frozen, sound or aborted, Montmorency cherry seeds. The number of lesions incited varied with the weight of seed per milliliter of water, from seed to seed, and with the interval between thawing and testing. Though virus was detected with inoculum as dilute as 0.014 grams of seed per milliliter of water, dilutions between 0.06 and 0.19 of seed per milliliter (0.5 milliliter of water for each sound seed) are recommended for a high degree of confidence in indexing. Virus was transmitted to cucumber from 77 per cent of the sound frozen seeds from a tree with typical cherry yellows symptoms, 84 per cent of the sound fresh seeds from a tree with recurrent necrotic ringspot symptoms, 11 per cent of the sound and 15 per cent of the seeds with aborted embryos from a healthy tree caged with the latter tree and bees during blossoming, and less than 1 per cent of all of the seeds from six healthy trees surrounded by diseased trees in an orchard.Some of the advantages and limitations of detecting virus in Montmorency cherry seeds by this method are discussed.
NOTE ON WINALTA WINTER WHEAT
Authors: Andrews J. E. , Grant M. N.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON OBTAINING VIRUS-FREE PLANTS OF RED RASPBERRY THROUGH THE USE OF TIP CUTTINGS
Authors: Bolton A. T. , Turner L. H.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON THE FLUE-CURED TOBACCO VARIETY—YELLOW GOLD
Authors: Haslam R. J. , Povilaitis B.
Published: March 2010

not available
THE ROOT-LESION NEMATODE, PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS (COBB, 1917) FILIP. & STEK. 1941, IN CELERY
Authors: Townshend J. L.
Published: March 2010

Pratylenchus penetrans, Meloidogyne hapla, and Paratylenchus hamatus were the predominant nematode species associated with the roots of celery in the Burlington area of Ontario. Pratylenchus penetrans was found associated with irregular areas of stunted celery and because of the orange color of the roots the growers called the condition "rusty" root. In growth room studies relatively large numbers of P. penetrans were required to produce stunting. The amount of growth was inversely proportional to the size of the initial nematode population. Pratylenchus penetrans can overwinter in celery root debris. Tomato, cabbage, lettuce, cauliflower, potato, and eggplant were also found to be hosts of P. penetrans.
BREEDING FOR IMPROVEMENT OF QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS IN AGROPYRON INTERMEDIUM (HOST.) BEAUV. BY THE POLYCROSS METHOD
Authors: Heinrichs D. H. , Lawrence T. , Morley F. H. W.
Published: March 2010

Data on quantitative characters from polycross progeny tests of Agropyron intermedium (Host.) Beauv. were analysed and used to study interrelationships of various characters and to compare relative efficiency of breeding schemes. The forage and seed yields of progenies from green plants were greater at three test locations than progenies from bluish-green plants. There were significant differences between polycross lines for forage yield, seed yield, creep development, and height. The interaction between the performance of lines on irrigated land and on two dryland locations was generally no greater than the interaction between their performance on the two dryland locations. The genotypic correlations between the various characters were generally in reasonable agreement at all locations. The relationships for rhizomatous root growth and dry matter yield and height were of special interest in that the genotypic correlations were clearly negative but the environmental correlations were positive. This was interpreted to indicate that the genotype which determined increased plant spread depressed yield and height, whereas the environmental effects which favored greater yield and height also promoted more rhizomatous root growth. An examination of breeding plans indicated that the efficiency of the testing program should be near maximum if two replicates and three locations are used.
GENE EFFECTS IN CORN (ZEA MAYSL.): I. SEPARATION AND RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF GENE EFFECTS FOR YIELD
Authors: Gamble E. E.
Published: March 2010

A procedure is outlined for the separation, into six parameters, of gene effects affecting genetic variation of a quantitative trait. These parameters represent mean effects, additive and dominance gene effects, and the three types of digenic epistatic effects. Estimates of the parameters are obtained using the population means of two inbred lines, their cross, and descendants due to subsequent selfing and crossing. The relative importance of the different gene effects can be evaluated from the magnitude and significance of the estimates.Population means of six inbred lines of corn, and all possible F1, F2, P1F1, and P2F1crosses among them, were used to obtain estimates of the various gene effects for yield of shelled corn. Mean yield performance of the populations was obtained from four experiments grown at two locations in each of 2 years.With regard to the 15 crosses, the estimates of gene effects indicate that the dominance gene effects were quite important in the inheritance of yield. Estimates of additive gene effects were of low magnitude and many were non-significant. Epistatic gene effects were considered to be more important than additive gene effects in the inheritance of yield in the crosses studied. The additive × additive and additive × dominance gene effects were relatively more important than the dominance × dominance effects.
INCREASE IN SEED PRODUCTION FROM NITROGEN FERTILIZATION OF NATIVE BEARDLESS WHEATGRASS
Authors: Miltimore J. E. , Mason J. L. , Rogers C. B. W.
Published: March 2010

Nitrogen fertilization greatly increased pure seed yield of native beardless wheatgrass, Agropyron inerme, where the mean annual precipitation was 11 inches in the South Okanagan area of British Columbia. In one experiment in 1959, ammonium nitrate broadcast at 450 pounds of actual nitrogen per acre increased seed yield from 3.5 pounds per acre for the unfertilized plots to 17.5 pounds, a maximum increase of 400 per cent. One hundred and fifty pounds of actual nitrogen per acre increased seed yield 330 per cent and the 50-pound rate increased the yield of seed 140 per cent. At two other locations in 1961, unfertilized plots yielded 18.8 pounds of seed per acre; 150 pounds of actual nitrogen per acre increased seed yield to 59.2 pounds and the 50-pound treatment produced 46.5 pounds of seed per acre. Yield increases resulted from increases in spike production because weight of seed per spike was not increased by fertilization. Germination was not affected and per cent pure seed was slightly increased by the nitrogen treatments. This increase in seed production is considered favorable for the restoration of preferred species on depleted native range.
A SEARCH FOR VERTICILLIUM RESISTANCE IN STRAWBERRY VARIETIES
Authors: Adrichem M. C. J. van , Bosher J. E.
Published: March 2010

Out of 26 strawberry varieties, only Sierra was resistant to Verticillium albo-atrum R & B. Climax, Marshall, Magoon, and Auchincruive No. 6, however were tolerant. Climax, Marshall, Northwest, Oberschlesien, Perle de Prague, Red Crop, Sierra, and Temple, when selfed, yielded a high percentage of resistant seedlings, suggesting that these varieties have promise as parent material in the breeding of commercial varieties for Verticillium wilt resistance. Fragaria chiloensis from two geographical areas yielded resistant seedlings in contrast with F. vesca americana which produced neither resistant nor tolerant seedlings. F. virginiana yielded tolerant but no resistant seedlings.
NOTE ON ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF RESISTANCE TO HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM P. K. AND B.
Authors: Loiselle R.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON DOVER, A NEW WINTER BARLEY
Authors: Reinbergs E.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON SUMMERDAWN TOMATO
Authors: Denby L. G. , Woolliams G. K.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON A NEW VARIETY OF FLAX: CREE
Authors: Tyson I. H. , Martin A. L. D.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON THE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT FOR PROVIDING A STERILE ENVIRONMENT FOR THE GROWTH OF PLANTS FROM SEED TO MATURITY
Authors: Estey R. H. , Smith T. H.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON A SMALL HIGH INTENSITY LIGHT UNIT FOR USE IN PLANT RESEARCH
Authors: Voisey Peter W. , Cumming Bruce G.
Published: March 2010

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GROWTH REACTION AND MAGNETOTROPISM IN ROOTS OF WINTER WHEAT (KHARKOV 22 M.C.)
Authors: Pittman U. J.
Published: March 2010

Kharkov 22 M.C. winter wheat (Triticum vulgare Vill.) generally matures 4 to 6 days earlier when seeded in rows orientated north and south than when seeded in rows orientated east and west on dry land at Lethbridge, Alberta. Regardless of seed-row orientation, most plants have their easily visible roots orientated in a north-south direction. Where Kharkov seedlings were grown in stationary root cages that provided for in situ examination of the roots, there was a strong tendency for the roots to orientate themselves in a north-south direction. Plants that each day were rotated 90 degrees horizontally had roots that were omni-directional. There was evidence that the root-growth response was not directly heliotropic but rather magnetotropic or geo-magnetotropic. Observation of the roots of a number of other plants suggests that some inherent factor within a species or even within a variety of a species may also be necessary before the tropism becomes manifest.
THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON CERTAIN CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL, ON PLANT NUTRIENT LEVELS IN STRAWBERRY FOLIAGE AND ON FRUIT YIELDS
Authors: Collins W. B. , Bishop R. F.
Published: March 2010

In a field experiment applications of manure decreased soil acidity but increased total nitrogen, organic matter and adsorbed plus easily acid–soluble phosphorus. Where either peat moss or sawdust was applied there was an increase in soil acidity, total nitrogen and organic matter. The effects of other treatments, e.g., hay and hay compost, were less marked.The phosphorus level in strawberry leaf samples from manured plots reflected the improved phosphorus status of the soil but none of the treatments resulted in significant differences in levels of nitrogen, potassium or calcium in the leaves.All treatments gave highly significant increases in yield. However, the yield with either hay compost or hay was significantly higher than with manure.
FERTILITY INDICES IN CROSS-POLLINATED GRASSES
Authors: Knowles R. P. , Baenziger H.
Published: March 2010

Floret fertility indices of 0.62, 0.65, 0.46, and 0.57, respectively, were shown by northern commercial bromegrass, diploid Fairway crested wheatgrass, tetraploid Summit crested wheatgrass, and Ree intermediate wheatgrass. Southern strains of bromegrass were lower in fertility than northern bromegrass and this was reflected in lower seed yields. The Summit variety of crested wheatgrass was lower in fertility than the Nordan variety. Years and replications influenced the fertility indices of grasses but less so than strains. Good uniformity in fertility was observed for central sections of spikes in the wheatgrasses. Upper florets within spikelets were less fertile than lower florets in all grasses. Somewhat lower fertility indices were found for border plants in space-planted nurseries than in the centers of nurseries.
EFFECT OF SOIL TEMPERATURE ON SEEDLING EMERGENCE
Authors: Dubetz S. , Russell G. C. , Anderson D. T.
Published: March 2010

Rate and percentage of emergence of 19 native and cultivated herbaceous species were studied at the following soil temperature: 6°, 13°, 18°, and 24 °C. The soil temperatures were held uniformly constant, and emergence data at the end of 5 weeks from four replications in time were obtained. The rate of emergence of all species was greater at 18 °C. than at 6 °C., and of all but five species was greater at 24 °C. than at 18 °C.The percentage of emergence of barley, bromegrass, crested wheatgrass, mustard, oats, peas, spring wheat, and wild oats was not significantly affected by soil temperature. Beans, corn, sugar beets, and sunflowers showed significantly lower emergence percentages at 6 °C. than at the three higher soil temperatures. Alfalfa, creeping red fescue, winter wheat, orchardgrass, rough fescue, sweet clover, and flax emerged best at moderate soil temperatures.
NOTE ON RIDEAU TOMATO
Authors: Lyall L. H.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON CHAMPLAIN BARLEY
Authors: Klinck H. R. , Gauthier F. M.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON A POWER PLOT SEEDER
Authors: Smith A. D. , Bergen H. J.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON A SMALL FORAGE PLOT HARVESTER
Authors: Thompson J. L. , Heinrichs D. H.
Published: March 2010

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INTER-COMPATIBILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF DIPLOID AND DERIVED TETRAPLOID RAPE (BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS L.)
Authors: Downey R. K. , Armstrong J. M.
Published: March 2010

Normal diploid and derived tetraploid strains of Brassica campestris were grown in alternate 6-row plots at two locations. Rows of tetraploid rape, spaced 18 inches from diploid rows, were distinctly reduced in yield of seed, oil content and seeds per pod, whereas the seed yield of the diploid was not affected by the proximity of the tetraploid. The yield of the tetraploid increased as the distance from the diploid plots increased.Pollen germination studies and controlled crosses were made within and between ploidy levels. Seven and one-half hours after pollination of 2n and 4n stigmas, n pollen had germinated and made good penetration into stylar tissue whereas pollen tubes were just emerging from 2n pollen grains. It was concluded that pollen from diploid plants had a competitive advantage over pollen from tetraploid plants.No evidence of mature triploid seeds was found on tetraploid plants exposed to n pollen or on diploid plants exposed to 2n pollen. It is suggested that if triploid embryos were formed they aborted at an early stage in development.Comparative yield of seed and oil at 13 locations showed that the derived tetraploid strains yielded less than diploid varieties. This was true despite six to eight generations of selection for seed and oil yield, following synthesis of the tetraploid, and although the strains were isolated in groups according to level of ploidy.
CLIMATIC TRENDS IN THE BEAVERLODGE AREA
Authors: Carder A. C.
Published: March 2010

Analysis of the weather records at Beaverlodge from 1916 to 1960 revealed that, although the mean annual temperature increased over this time only [Formula: see text], the warming trend in the spring and fall was for some reason three times greater. This latter condition is very likely responsible for the marked lengthening of frost-free period over the 45 years. Annual precipitation increased almost 2 inches with wetter springs, summers and autumns, but a decrease in winter snowfall. The tendency for warm, cool, wet or dry years to come in groups was marked, but there was no association between the occurrence of these different types of years. The data were insufficient to determine if any recurrence was cyclic.
NOTE ON A SELF-PROPELLED FLAIL-TYPE FORAGE PLOT HARVESTER
Authors: Hubbard W. A. , Willis T. G.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON INEXPENSIVE MULTIPLE PLANT GROWTH CABINETS
Authors: Ormrod Douglas P.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON THE INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR SPRAYS OF CALCIUM ON THE FIRMNESS OF STRAWBERRIES
Authors: Eaves C. A. , Leefe J. S.
Published: March 2010

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A CYTOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF TWIN SEEDLINGS IN BROMUS INERMIS
Authors: Wilton A. C. , McGinnis R. C. , Truscott J. D.
Published: March 2010

A study was conducted on Bromus inermis Leyss. in an attempt to find haploids from twin seedling's. In 80,492 germinated seeds examined from 10 varieties, 298 twin seedlings were obtained, none of which was haploid. One triplo-diplo pair of twins was found, all others being diploid. The triplo-diplo twins had 83 and 57 chromosomes, respectively. A possible explanation of this phenomenon is presented. A high frequency of the diplo-diplo twins differed morphologically from one another. It is suggested that simultaneous fertilization by two pollen grains occurred in these cases. It was concluded that screening twin-seedlings cannot be recommended as a method of obtaining haploids in B. inermis.
THE PATHOGENICITY OF PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS TO CELERY
Authors: Townshend J. L.
Published: March 2010

Celery seedlings, grown aseptically in silica sand with plant nutrients, were inoculated with surface-sterilized specimens of the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filip. & Stek., 1941. The reactions of invaded roots were studied microscopically. The epidermis, cortex, and endodermis of young celery roots showed different degrees of discoloration after invasion of P. penetrans, with the endodermis most severely affected. Pratylenchus penetrans was a primary parasite and pathogen of celery.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KERNEL LOCATION, KERNEL SIZE AND THE INCIDENCE OF LOOSE SMUT IN BARLEY
Authors: Demirlicakmak Ahmet , Kaufmann M. L.
Published: March 2010

The association between the incidence of loose smut (Ustilago nuda) and kernel location in 6-rowed barley was studied. With artificial inoculation, kernels from the upper portion of the spike yielded the highest incidence of loose smut. Central and lateral kernels yielded similar numbers of smutted plants.With naturally infected seeds, lateral kernels produced more smutted plants than central ones. The percentage of infected seeds from the upper, middle, and lower portions of the spike varied from sample to sample.Within individual samples of nine 6-rowed varieties of barley small seeds generally produced more infected plants than large or medium-sized seeds. Since lateral kernels are normally smaller than central kernels, these results supported previous findings that the former are more subject to loose smut infection than the latter.
INFLUENCE DU PHOSPHATE ET DE LA POTASSE SUR L'ÉTABLISSEMENT, LE RENDEMENT ET LA COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE DU LOTIER CULTIVÉ SUR DEUX TYPES DE SOL
Authors: Gervais Paul , Dionne J. L. , Richardson W. S.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON A POTATO DIGGER FOR SMALL EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS
Authors: Lafrance J. , Tremblay R.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON A GRAIN WEIGHING ATTACHMENT FOR COMBINE HARVESTERS
Authors: Bigsby F. W. , Driedger R. L.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON THE MODIFICATION OF AN ELECTRONIC TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER TO PROVIDE DIURNAL TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS IN PLANT GROWTH CHAMBERS
Authors: Voisey Peter W.
Published: March 2010

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THE EFFECT OF VARYING ROW SPACINGS ON THE AGRONOMIC AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF CEREALS AND FLAX
Authors: Siemens L. B.
Published: March 2010

During a 3-year study (1957–1959) at three Manitoba locations, agronomic and quality characteristics of Selkirk wheat, Garry oats, Swan barley and Raja flax were studied when crops were seeded in rows spaced 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 inches apart. Within crops the same seedling rate per row was used for all spacings.A row spacings increased from 6 to 30 inches, yields of all crops gradually declined whereas tillering and seed return increased. The 1000-kernel weight of barley increased substantially with wider row spacings, but in wheat and flax the lowest 1000-kernel weights were recorded at the widest spacing. The kernel weight of oats and the bushel weight of all crops were not affected noticeably by row spacing. Protein content of wheat at 30-inch spacing averaged 3.2 per cent higher than wheat at 6-inch spacing. Protein in barley and flax also appeared to increase at wider row spacings, but not as sharply as in wheat.Average soil moisture content between 30-inch flax rows was higher at the time of boll formation than between 6- and 18-inch rows. A similar trend was found in wheat at time of heading.Wheat variety by spacing interactions was studied in one test in which Lerma, Lee, Thatcher and Selkirk wheats were seeded in rows spaced 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 inches apart. No significant interactions were observed in tillering and protein content, whereas interactions in yield and 1000-kernel weights were highly significant.
SOME EFFECTS OF PLANTING PATTERN ON YIELD, PER CENT OIL AND PER CENT PROTEIN IN MANDARIN (OTTAWA) SOYBEANS
Authors: Donovan L. S. , Dimmock F. , Carson R. B.
Published: March 2010

The performance of Mandarin (Ottawa) soybeans was tested over a 4-year period in fifteen planting patterns resulting from five row spacings (7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 inches) and three plant spacings (1, 2, and 3 inches) within the row. Response of yield and oil percentage to spacing was considerable. The combination of narrowest row and widest plant spacing within the row (7 × 3) gave the highest yield, whereas highest per cent oil was obtained from the widest row and the widest plant spacing (35 × 3). One year of testing of 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-inch plant spacings in 7-inch rows suggested that the differential response of oil and yield might be reconciled to the best advantage in a 7 × 4 pattern.Protein showed less response to spacing. It was highest at the closest spacing. The only significant difference occurred between the 1- and 3-inch spacings within the row, over all row spacings. Iodine number did not respond to spacing.
THE EFFECT OF FREQUENCY OF ROTATIONAL BURNING ON BLUEBERRY PRODUCTION
Authors: Black W. N.
Published: March 2010

The results of a 9-year rotational burning study on blueberry fields at the Experimental Project Farm, Alliston, Prince Edward Island, indicated that total fruit production was greater from burning every second year than from every third year. Both burning treatments produced large yield increases over the unburned areas and injury from the blueberry maggot was largely controlled.Within the scope of this study, there was no evidence that flash burning, at either 2- or 3-year intervals, had seriously affected the rhizomes or the reserves of plant food in the soil.