bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship of Cilutung River Flood hydrograph pattern with spatial rainfall during rainy season
Authors: Khairunnisa N , Kusratmoko E
Published: September 2020

Rainfall is an input in the hydrological system that delivers the output in the river flow in the form of discharge flow. The Cilutung River is a subsidiary of Cimanuk which has a greater function is to become one of the flood controllers in the area of Muara Cimanuk after Cimanuk in the dammed. This research aims to identify the pattern of flood hydrographs and to know the relationship between the flood hydrograph pattern with rainfall spatial variation in Cilutung river flow with variable rainfall and debit as well as spatial analysis Descriptive and statistical. The flood hydrograph pattern is related to the rainfall in which if the rainfall occurring in the Cilutung river flow is getting higher it will result in a higher flow discharge and form an increasingly high flood hydrograph pattern as well. It is supported by the incidence of 22 samples studied, spatial when the rain falls first in the upper part of Cilutung River basin and accompanied by rainfall and high intensity and a relatively long time will affect the hydrograph pattern The flood that has the highest debit value is getting higher and the higher the discharge volume also or vice versa. This relationship is reinforced by a correlation test result where there is a strong link between the maximum discharge and total discharge with rainfall and rain intensity. This relationship shows the flood hydrograph pattern has a strong correlation with the spatial pattern of rainfall.
Spatial assessment of land use impacts on bio-physico-chemical parameter gradients along Blanakan River, Subang, West Java
Authors: Takarina N. D.
Published: September 2020

Blanakan River is one of the prominent river in West Java. However, the river is subject to the bio-physico-chemical parameter changes caused by surrounding land uses. Correspondingly, this study aims to develop spatial assessment of bio-physico-chemical parameter gradients along Blanakan River. In this study, bio-physico-chemical parameters including biota (fish), dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, temperature and turbidity have been collected from 9 stations. Those stations were spatially located along river gradients from upstream, middle to downstream areas. Generally, the spatial assessment and data analysis showed a gradient in the values of the turbidity, salinity and biota. Moreover, the result confirms the significant of turbidity gradients in the river (p<0.05, F=13.95301). The mean value of turbidity is higher in the upstream (x=190.93 NTU) and lower in the downstream areas (x=90.66 NTU). Furthermore, the middle followed by downstream areas has high number of fish species from 4 family including Cichlidae, Tetraodontidae Leiognathidae and Mugilidae. The high turbidity in the upstream level is influenced by surrounding land uses, which is dominated by residentials. Meanwhile, land uses in downstream are dominated by fish ponds. To conclude, the land uses gradients along Blanakan River have affected the bio-physico-chemical parameter gradients as well.
Spatiotemporal trend of particulate matter (PM10) concentration on cement industries in Klapanunggal and Citeureup Sub-districts
Authors: Pambudi R A , Naldi A , Luthfi A , Puspitarini D A , Chaerani M M , Permana M W , Shafira S
Published: September 2020

Increasing demand of cement has affected to environment destruction. PM10 pollution that emitted by cement industries in Klapanunggal and Citeureup Sub-districts have affected the health of workers and the people around the industrial site in long-term period. This research discusses the identification on variation of PM10 pollution concentration that emitted by cement industries in Klapanunggal and Citeureup Sub-districts spatiotemporally. The method we used in estimating concentrated PM10 was by applying aerosol optical thickness (AOT) algorithm on Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI within 16 years (2002-2018) period of time. The results show that PM10 concentration in Klapanunggal and Citeureup were fluctuated within those 16 years. High concentrated PM10 were tended to agglomerate in cement processing plant, cement-based industrial plant (where cement is used as raw material), and limestone mining which have meaning of causing bad impact to environment sustainability and increase the risk in morbidity and mortality.
The relationship between total suspended matter and sea current for the spread of Chlorophyll-a and fishing area in Jakarta Bay
Authors: Akbar H I , Supriatna S , Patria M P
Published: September 2020

Jakarta bay is a water with high input load due to activities from the surrounding river estuaries comes from Jabodetabek regions. This activity impacts the availability of Total Suspended Matter (TSM) in Jakarta Bay. The problem comes when the concentration of TSM exceeds the carrying capacity of the water thus encouraging plankton to grow and breed rapidly which has caused eutrophication. This research has three objectives: (1) Analyzing the relationship of TSM and Chlorophyll-a Case 2 (CHL2), (2) Analyzing impacts between sea current with CHL2 distribution, and (3) Analyzing correlation CHL2 distribution with fish catch data. Data collection was conducted on January 2018 until December 2018. Monthly TSM and CHL2 data were obtained through GlobColour data, monthly data on sea currents were obtained through Marine Copernicus data. TSM and CHL2 data were processed using the GIS and time series method to determine distribution area. Furthermore, a regression analysis is used to determine the relationship of TSM and CHL2. The result: Relationship of TSM and CHL2 obtained R = 0,8508 so that there is a strong association between TSM and CHL2; the current pattern in the Jakarta bay strongly affected by monsoon wind, the highest distribution occurs in the NWM, evenly distribution occurs in the transition 1, and SEM, the lowest distribution occurs in the transition 2; the demersal and pelagic fish catch period occurs in the end of transition 2 period where high CHL2 concentration and low sea current velocity make it easier for fishermen to catch the fish.
Location analysis of fish port complex planning in Surabaya City based on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) approach
Authors: Multazam A F , Rahmawati D
Published: September 2020

Fishery resources potential in Surabaya is high, about 8.146 tons per year, but until present Fish Port complex has not been exist yet. The City Regulation No 12/2014 about Spatial Planning stated that Fish Port Complex in Surabaya is important and has been part of the program that should be implemented, meanwhile the exact location has not been determined yet so it is important to follow up through. Location determination needs reflect to specific criterias in Peraturan Menteri Per.08/MEN/2012 and Integrated Coastal Zone Management Concept (ICZM) which are expected to run sustainly and considering aspects all the coastal. The purpose of this research to determining the location of the fish port complex planning in Surabaya coastal area based on ICZM approach through several stages : (1) Set the priorities the location determination of fish port criterias. (2) Decide the location of the fish port complex. The result of this research is to achieve the most suitable location based on ICZM criteria that is adjusted to real issues in the field and consensual process. Four locations that recommended for fish port complex are Romokalisari, Asemrowo, Kenjeran and Bulak.
Application development of the ecological footprint calculator in support of sustainable development
Authors: Santoso E B , Aulia B U , Sulistyarso H , Annisa C I
Published: September 2020

Sustainable development in Indonesia should take into account the ability of natural resources in every region to meet the growing needs of society. The balance between the availability of natural resources and resident needs can be seen from the analysis of ecological footprint. The scope of the area used in this paper is in Gerbangkertasusila East Java with a focus on the ecological footprint in the food sector. The Ecological Footprint is derived by tracking how much biologically productive area it takes to provide for all the competing demands of people. These demands include space for food growing, fiber production, timber regeneration, absorption of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel burning, and accommodating built infrastructure. The analysis of ecological footprint is a complex calculation to be done because it includes a component of demand and supply in various products in each land use. The development of digital data provision on sustainable development information especially the ecological footprint of the region is required to be more open and understandable. The ecological footprint calculator application is presented to provide calculation information on the conditions of surplus or ecological deficits of a region. The ecological footprint calculator application is used to figure out the balance of the supply side and the demand side of the environment of a region easier based on the android system.
GHG Inventory on energy sector using mobile application in Surabaya City: some challenges and opportunities
Authors: Handayeni K D M E , Kurniawati U F , Hafidz I
Published: September 2020

Global warming which causes climate change has a significant social economic impact. Indonesia’s commitment to protecting the global climate has been a concern since the 1990s. Through Presidential Regulation No.61 of 2011 concerning the National Action Plan (RAN) for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emission, each region needs to develop climate change mitigation actions through reducing emission or increasing the absorption of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) from various emission sources. The formulation of climate change mitigation actions needs to be supported by greenhouse gases inventory activities and measurement of emission. Measurement of GHG emission is a cross-sectoral activity. Therefore, an information system through an electronic GHG calculator platform is needed as an instrument for measuring GHG emission that can support districts/cities to formulate the most relevant mitigation actions. This study describes the sources of GHG emission based on energy use and its measurement using GHG calculator. GHG calculator is developed based on the theoretical context and designed in form of mobile application. Using Focus Group Discussion (FGD) technique and Spearman’s correlation analysis, this research aims to evaluate GHG assessment based on the use of mobile application in Surabaya City. The findings of this study are 1) there is positive feedbacks regarding the use of mobile platform to predict and calculate GHG emission. It shows that perception on easiness and usability level of mobile calculator are correlated significantly; 2) there are some opportunities and challenges in implementing mobile application for measuring GHG emission in Surabaya City.
Ecological sustainability status in mangrove conservation area of Gunung Anyar Sub-District, Surabaya
Authors: Afifa F , Idajati H
Published: September 2020

The mangrove conservation area in Gunung Anyar Sub-District has been directed to be one of the centers of mangrove education ecotourism in the city of Surabaya. In the process of managing coastal areas, it is necessary to approach various scientific disciplines, related to ecology, economics, social, institutional, and technology, to mantain the conservation of the coastal areas. Among these dimensions, the focus of researchers in the management of the mangrove conservation area of Gunung Anyar Sub-District is the ecological dimension, because ecology is a dimension of sustainability - the “outermost” - a foundation that forms the basis of everything. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the status of ecological sustainability in Gunung Anyar Sub-District, Surabaya. The tool used to analyze is R Software in which three analysis processes take place, including; MDS (Multi Dimensional Scaling) analysis, Monte Carlo simulation, and Leverage analysis. From the results of the analysis, the ecological sustainability status of the mangrove conservation area of Gunung Anyar Sub-District is included in the unsustainable category with an average score of only 11.98988942. While the most influential variables are as follows: mangrove land pressure (2.134000151), mangrove conservation function (1.538443029), successful replanting (1.283040189), and surrounding population (1.23348515).
What sets it apart from the rest? Investigating the national slum upgrading program, KOTAKU, in Surabaya
Authors: Septanaya I D M F , Rahmawati D , Navitas P , Stefanugroho P K
Published: September 2020

Surabaya has been the subject of several slum upgrading programmes. Initially, the programmes seek to improve people’s quality of life by improving the built environment. Nowadays, the initiatives have become a means to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In 2017, the government launched a community-based slum upgrading programme called City Without Slums (KOTAKU). This paper presents the differentiation and novelty of the KOTAKU programme using a descriptive-qualitative approach. This research examines the implementation of KOTAKU in Sukolilo Baru Subdistrict, Surabaya between 2017 and 2018. The results of the study suggest that the programme still shares the same goal as previous community-based slum upgrading programmes: to improve the environmental quality of the settlement and the inhabitants’ quality of life. KOTAKU has several strengths, such as plan-based activity synchronisation, empowerment of local institutions role and function, direct involvement of the community, and the expansion of collaborative funding. However, the misuse of authority under regional autonomy and the lack of community capacity in conducting the programme impede the programme.
The school bus route development using supply-demand competition based accessibility: Surabaya case study
Authors: Fakhrianto I , Nurlaela S
Published: September 2020

Research has shown that educational transportation can worsen congestion to 5.85%. In Surabaya, 88% of school trips are of automobiles. The school bus is among one of the bus-pooled strategies have made to reduce this automobile dependence. However, the limited bus coverage area and routes limited the services; thus, the buses’ modal share is low. The purpose of this research is to formulate the development guidelines of school bus service routes as the recommendation to improve the school bus services in Surabaya. A supply-demand competition based accessibility to school bus services was used as the main method of analysis. This research found that there are 167 schools in Surabaya that can be served by the school bus services. Furthermore, this research formulates eight new routes of school bus services in Surabaya for which can enhance the school bus services’ coverage up to 52% out of the total number of schools, an increase of 19% from the current route services level.
The application of spatial empirical Bayesian smoothing method in spatial analysis of bacillary dysentery: A case study in Yudu County, Jiangxi Province
Authors: Wang Yuwei , Gao Wang
Published: September 2020

Bacillary dysentery (BD) has become one of the major public health threats to the sustainable development of human beings. The primary objective of this paper is to validate the effectiveness of applying spatial empirical Bayesian smoothing (SEBS) method in spatial analysis of BD in Yudu County, Jiangxi Province. By using SEBS method in calculating BD incidence, we compared the raw incidence data and smoothed incidence data. Spatial distribution map and global autocorrelation analysis were adopted to explore the effect of SEBS method in BD analysis. The result showed that SEBS method provided a stable incidence estimate in epidemic research. The proposed method could be used as an effective tool for studying the spatial distribution of BD, especially in town level study.
Shear Performance of Damaged Concrete Beams Reinforced by Penetrating FRP
Authors: Jiang Tianhua , Yu Yi , Yu Yalu , Zhang Xiucheng , Huang Wen
Published: September 2020

This experimental study examined the shear behavior of damaged concrete beams reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) using a penetration method (penetration FRP) to explore the failure modes of the reinforced beams. The load-displacement curves and load-strain curves of the samples were analyzed, and the development and distribution of the oblique cracks of the reinforced beams were discussed. The influences of the damage degree and the reinforcement angle on the shear bearing capacity were determined. The results showed that, prior to cracking, FRP reinforcement had no effect on the stiffness of the samples and the cracking load of the samples remained basically the same; however, after cracking, the samples reinforced with FRP exhibited a larger shear capacity. Moreover, the ultimate load was higher for the undamaged reinforced beam than the damaged reinforced beam. The penetration of the FRP material into the beam at an oblique angle inhibited the development of oblique cracks, resulting in a better reinforcement effect and optimal bearing capacity of the strengthened beam.
The influence of materials and production process on RPC compressive strength
Authors: Cheng Congmi , Zhu Xiaofen , Zhuang Yuhai , He Juan
Published: September 2020

In addition to the water binder ratio, the production process, fiber, silica fume and admixture have a significant impact on the compressive strength of RPC. Several factors such as materials and production process affecting RPC compressive strength were studied by experiments. It exhibits that the reinforcement influence of steel fiber on RPC is affected by the strength of composite matrix. The higher the strength of composite matrix is, the better the effect of fiber reinforcement is. The compressive strength of RPC can be greatly improved by vacuum vibration forming. The water demand and activity of silica fume have significant influence on the compressive strength of RPC.
Study on Human Settlement Environment in Dai Traditional Villages of Different Regions
Authors: Zhao Yao , Long Bin
Published: September 2020

Traditional village is the most basic and fundamental unit in the traditional agricultural society of China, and the concept of this human settlement space has been a long-term concern for researchers. This paper analyses the Dai traditional villages in different regions of Yunnan Province in China, and summarizes their ethnic and regional characteristics and the influencing factors. Furthermore, the sustainable development concept is discussed from the methods of human settlement environment, cultural geography and architectural typology. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Dai traditional villages share a common sustainable development concept of human settlements, which is reflected in the environmental, village and residential spaces. (2) The villages reflect the ecological concept of respecting nature, adapting measures to local conditions and harmonious coexistence. (3) The primitive belief and Theravada Buddhism of Dai nationality constitute a “Two-in-One” religious form, which determines the unique spatial pattern and human settlement ideas. (4) In the history of Dai nationality’s migration along rivers, many settlement areas have been formed in similar or even the same environments, and the villages show the original ethnic attributes and different regional attributes. (5) The similarities and differences between ethnic and regional characteristics of Dai villages are mainly affected by the combined effects of “nature, religion, human”, which has also created a unique and sustainable ideology of Dai human settlement environment, until today still has a strong vitality.
Analysis of Polar Components in Salt by GC-MS
Authors: Chang Guo-Hua , Yue Bin , Li Jun , Yin Zhuo-Xin , Gao Tian-peng , Li Xiao-Ke , Cheng Ying-Xi
Published: September 2020

Edible salt is the most common and extensive seasoning agent in people’s daily life, and its edible safety is directly related to human health. The polar components of edible salt were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that there were more than 20 polar organic compounds in salt, mainly C14-C22 long-chain fatty acids. The highest content of erucic acid (50.610%) was detected. Meanwhile, phthalate esters (PAEs) and elemental sulfur were also detected.
Distribution and Risk Assessment of Some Heavy Metal Elements in the Contaminated soil from Baiyin City, Gansu Province
Authors: Li Wan-Jiang , Yin Zhuo-Xin , Yue Bin , Gao Tian-peng , Chang Guo-Hua
Published: September 2020

According to relevant standards and methods, ecological risk assessment and source analysis of 7 heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb and Hg) in the area Dongdagou of Baiyin were carried out. The results showed that the order of the average content of heavy metals in the soil in the sampling area was Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Cr> Ni > Hg. Among them, Zn, Cu and Pb have got unacceptably high levels, and the content of Cd was moderately exceeded. The order of the coefficient of variation of metals was Zn > Cd > Cu > Hg > Pb > Ni> Cr; soil pollution was characterized by compound pollution; the potential ecological risk coefficient of heavy metals was Hg > Cd > Cu> Pb > Zn > Ni > Cr. The comprehensive evaluation of potential ecological hazards of heavy metals showed that heavy metal pollution in the entire study area constituted a high-intensity ecological hazard. Therefore, the control of heavy metal pollution in the soil needs to be further strengthened.
Review and development of the drying theory of porous medium
Authors: Yu Yingjun , Ding Zhibin , Chen Xiao , Lu Yaofeng
Published: September 2020

The theories of moisture transfer inside a wet solid during a drying process, which were deduced base on the hypothesis of a continuous porous body, were reviewed. The hypotheses of their transformation mechanisms, the mathematical models, the merits and limitations, and the applications of these theories were summarized. Besides, some new and possible study trends on drying theory in the last decade and the near future, especially those obtained and to be obtained by applying the outcomes from other correlative fields, e.g. the pore network model, the multi-scale method and the fractal geometry, were anticipated for a deeper investigation into the micro mechanisms of inner transfer phenomena in solid.
Study on Fine Management of Swivel Bridge Engineering Based on BIM Information Platform
Authors: Liu Yang , Xie Qinyun , Gu Jianjun , Mu Jiangtao , Xiong Caifeng , Zhang Yi , Yang Zuxian , Liu Zhongjing , Zhao Qiong , Li Ling
Published: September 2020

Swivel bridge has the characteristics of complex construction environment, difficult construction, high requirement, tight construction period, many coordination relations and huge amount of information. Based on the BIM technology, the project information management platform carries out fine management of the project, focusing on the functional planning and overall framework of the platform. On this basis, the letter is elaborated in detail. Information management, progress management, construction simulation, progress difference analysis, task collaboration, quality improvement collaboration, safety issues collaboration and other important functional modules. Practice has proved that, compared with the traditional model, the project information management platform based on BIM technology has obvious advantages in saving costs, improving the degree of management refinement, and training BIM reserve personnel, and has a good prospect for promotion.
A Comparative Study of The Cost Risk of EPC Models for Engineering Construction at Home And Abroad
Authors: Liu Yang , Yang Zuxian , Gan Ying , Li Yongbing , Huang Yongqiang , Gao Chengming , Yan Ziwei , Liu Ying , Gui Yuhuan , Liu Zhongjing
Published: September 2020

EPC projects with large engineering and procurement volumes, long construction cycles and management difficulties, the risks faced are also more complex and varied than in other contracting models. This paper establishes a risk index system by documentary method and evaluates and calculates the cost risk in two different environments at home and abroad by hierarchical analysis, so as to find the similarities and differences and propose countermeasures to provide a basis for risk management in China’s EPC contracting model.
Buried PM inner rotor magnetic gear evaluation
Authors: Halim M F M A , Sulaiman Erwan , Jenal Mahyuzie , R Othman R N F K
Published: September 2020

Inner rotor SFPMR glued on the rotor surface with material of high compressive strength but low tensile strength cannot sustain the centrifugal force in the high-speed operation, thus require retaining sleeve. Electrical motor employ the retaining sleeve to increase the rotor strength, but so far in MG, there are limited design that employ this technique. Another method to avoid PM from displaced is by buried into the rotor yoke. However, this method may result in lower torque and noise. In this paper, new MG structure is designed. The inner rotor surface mount PM of magnetic gear is rearrange as buried PM. First, the torque analysis of the MG is simulated without counting any loses. Then, gear efficiency is simulated over high speed range and compared to the original topology to identify the amount of reduction of the torque. The result agrees that the buried rotor reduced the torque output 3 times lower than the surface mount PM and disturb the torque which result in high torque ripple over 240%.
Overview of inner rotor radial permanent magnet machines for electric vehicles
Authors: Ali Soomro Irfan , Sulaiman Erwan , Jenal Mahyuzie , Ali Hassan
Published: September 2020

Nowadays, there is fast growing interest in electric vehicles from automakers, governments and customers due to increasing concern of our environment. This paper presents an overview of various inner rotor radial permanent magnet electric machines for application to electric vehicles (EVs). First of all, the classification and brief introduction of radial permanent magnet machines are presented. The key features of the machines, including the advantages and disadvantages of the machines are summarized. Furthermore, the latest development of the machines is also reviewed. Then, the structure of viable electric machines that have been applied to electric vehicles, including radial permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM), switched reluctance (SRM), interior permanent magnet (IPM) and flux switching machines (FSM) types are being reviewed.
Technology in Textile Dyeing: Resurgence of Natural Dyes from Adonidia Merillii (Betel Nuts) Fruits Husk
Authors: Syahida Mat Hussin Nurul , Rasdan Ismail Ahmad , Wahida Hasbullah Sarah , Abdul Kadir Nawwal , Hassan Hanisa
Published: September 2020

Natural dyeing is one of the indigenous pieces of knowledge that has been explored on its potential since prehistoric decade. The process and materials used revolves nature-friendly essential, which are safe to the environment in comparison to the chemical dyeing materials. Currently, theAdonidia Merilliior also known as betel nut tree, is only used as an ornamental tree such as in landscaping. However, it has potentials of being more than an ornament and can be utilized as dyes for local textile industries. Thus, this study focused on extracting dye from young Adonidia Merillii fruits husk. Traditional boiling method was applied to extract the natural colours from the fruits. Colour testing was conducted on four (4) types of fabrics which wererayon,Crepe de Chine(CDC),China Cottonandjacquardby using post-mordanting treatment. The mordants used were aqueous lime water, alum, and ashes. The colour on the textile samples was tested and evaluated via colour fastness properties. The tests conducted include exposing textile samples to artificial light, washing, rubbing, water and perspiration.Adonidia Merilliifruits husk have given hues of brown colour staining on the textiles, but the colour changed after the test, surprisingly on the artificial light exposure. The bright colour of the initial samples appeared to be less bright than those exposed to artificial light. The brightness of the samples was determined using blue scale grading. The findings from this experimental study may contribute to the palette colour of natural dyeing on textile and extended future research about the brightness change would be significant for the Malaysia local textile industries.
Intelligent Size Matching Recommender System: Fuzzy Logic Approach in Children Clothing Selection
Authors: Saaludin Nurashikin , Saad Amna , Mason Cordelia
Published: September 2020

Choosing right-fit clothing is important for children since it is related to the conformity of clothes to the body, especially as we know that children normally engage in active routine activities. During the growth period, children grow-up rapidly in a different pattern. Nowadays, with internet and technology advancement, the online retail business has become the preferred shopping mode for internet-savvy customers, especially in the clothing and textile sector. The recent Coronavirus Pandemic has made online retail a necessity. Therefore, this research focuses on establishing a prototype of the children size matching recommender system, a “sizing advisor” for parents to identify the best clothes fitting which matches the requirement of their children’s body size to the sizing of existing brands. The fuzzy logic approach was applied as a heart of the matching system where the triangular membership function has been used in predicting the suitable clothing size. Nine children aged between 6 years old and 12 years old were selected to test the system. The fit was validated by an expert in sizing. The research aims to provide a size matching system to increase buying satisfaction among parents while shopping for children’s clothes online. The manufacturers, as well as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) which engage in online retailing of children’s clothing, may also benefit from reducing return and thus will help increase sales and profitability.
Assessment Ranking for Green Pavement Material Elements
Authors: Wan Azahar W N A , Jaya R P , Bujang M , Kasim N , Ismail N N , Husain N M , Basri N K , Hasazli N A A M
Published: September 2020

The development of green roadway in Malaysia is one of the contributions to accomplish Malaysia Go Green Campaign. Hence, sustainable materials are widely used in road construction recently because people are more aware about its implications towards environments. However, people keep trying to find the most suitable sustainable materials to be used in designing road pavement. Hence, a new method is introduced which assessment ranking for green pavement material element and research is developed by finding and adding more green material used in designing pavements in Malaysia. They are then been categorized and analysed in order to identify which will become the most preferred material. Development of questionnaire survey is one of the steps involved as well as analysis of factor and ranking method for all the green material elements used in roads. About 25 respondents including teams from Public Work Department (JKR) and consultant company are chosen to answer the questionnaire survey according to their specialisation in road construction area. The agreement level which is the output from survey will be transferred into Minitab Software and measured using factor analysis. The factor score which is product from factor loading and mean values being restructure and becomes the weightage factor. Thus, all the material elements are ranked based on their weighted factor value. From the analysis of questionnaire survey, alternative binder become the most preferable material to be used for green pavement for it has the largest weighted factor.
Design of Automated Rubber Tapping Mechanism
Authors: Md. Kamil Muhammad Faez , Nurshazwani Wan Zakaria Wan , Razali Md Tomari Mohd , Kian Sek Tee , Zainal Nurfarina
Published: September 2020

Natural rubber is widely used in daily human life because of its excellent properties. At present, manual tapping is the main method to obtain natural rubber. Since the growth of the industrial sector is in line with the national economy, the demand for rubber resources has also increased. However, natural rubber production countries are now lacking their workforce because tapping rubber trees can be considered a high skill-oriented task. The lack of trained tappers will affect rubber production. Hence, this paper proposes a new mechanism for an automated rubber tapping mechanism. The experimental results showed the effectiveness of the developed device, with accurate 30 degrees diagonal cuts.
Performance of Concrete Containing Fine Recycled Concrete Aggregate (FRCA) and Fine Crumb Rubber (FCR) As Partial Sand Replacement
Authors: Khalid F S , Saaidin S H , Shahidan S , Othman N H , Irwan J M , Guntor N A A
Published: September 2020

Natural fine aggregate materials are frequently used in development and commercial construction in Malaysia. In fact, concrete production was increased as linear with the growing Malaysia economy. However, an issue of concrete production was to locate adequate sources of natural fine aggregates. There lot of studies have been conducted in order to replace the fine aggregate in which natural fine aggregate replace with the waste material in concrete preparation. Therefore, this study will promote usage of fine recycled concrete aggregate (FRCA) and fine crumb rubber (FCR) as suitable materials to be used in the construction industry as partial sand replacement materials. It helps to protect the natural environment from the disposal of wastes and also reduce construction cost by using industrial waste. Until today, none of researchers have done studies for the effect of combination of FRCA and FCR as partial sand replacement materials towards the strength properties of concrete. Therefore, this research will study the strength properties of concrete containing combination of FRCA and FCR as partial sand replacement materials. The design replacement of FRCA which is 0%, 15%, 30%, 45% and 60% and CR of 0%, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5% and 6% will be evaluate. Other than that, 0.5 water cement ratio will be used in this research. This study involved is workability, density, compressive strength, tensile strength and water absorption tests.
Rainfall-Induced Landslides in Cameron Highland Area, Malaysia
Authors: Muaz Abu Mansor Maturidi Abdul , Kasim Norhidayu , Abu Taib Kamarudin , Nur Aifa Binti Wan Azahar Wan , Husain Husain Nadiah Md.
Published: September 2020

Cameron Highland is classified as one of the landslide-prone areas in Malaysia due to its hilly landform. It has been discovered that the landslides in Cameron Highland were mainly triggered by the intense rainfall since the area encountered high amount of rainfall throughout the year. This study is carried out to evaluate the correlation between the rainfall intensity- duration (I-D) and the landslide occurrences in the Cameron Highland area. Twelve cases of landslides in the study area had been selected for conducting the analysis of rainfall intensity- duration (I-D) that triggers the landslides. The important variables from the analysis such as the maximum rainfall intensity (I) and the duration of rainfall series (D) have been applied to establish the empirical rainfall intensity-duration (I-D) threshold for Cameron Highland landslide areas. Based on the study, by utilising the logarithmic scale graph and applying a power-law model from the general equation of 1= <xDp, the empirical I-D threshold for Cameron Highland landslide was determined as I = 29.088D0075 (I = rainfall intensity in mm/hr and D = duration in hour). The empirical (I-D) threshold can be a functional mechanism for the Early Warning System (EWS) once it is further developed, that enable the relevant authority to prepare mitigation measures such as evacuation, spreading information to the civilian in order to prevent major losses and casualties due to the landslide events.
Modification of the design of circular thin-walled tubes to enhance dynamic energy absorption characteristics: Experimental and finite element analysis
Authors: Ahmad M , Ismail K A , Hanid M H M , Mat F , Roslan A M
Published: September 2020

A thin-walled tube is an energy absorber device that functions to dissipate kinetic energy into another form of energy during impact. The design of thin-walled tubes is a significant factor which affects to the energy absorption characteristics. This paper provides a comparative study between the original thin-walled tube designs and several modified tube designs that have been proposed. The main objective is to improve the energy absorption characteristics, such as energy absorption capacity, initial peak load, specific energy absorption (SEA) and crush force efficiency (CFE). Throughout this research, aluminium alloy AA6061-T6 has been used as the material for all tubes. For comparison, all of the tubes are developed with a circular shape with the same diameter, thickness and length. In addition, they are also impacted at the same kinetic energy under dynamic axial loading. Validated LS-DYNA finite element (FE) models have been used to simulate the impact of the thin-walled tubes. Compared to the original tube design, the modified tubes have improved energy absorption characteristics. A conical tube with a flat end cap was identified as the best performing tube among the modified tubes because it had the lowest initial peak load, a moderate energy absorption capacity and an excellent CFE and SEA. The findings from this study can be used as a guidance in designing thin-walled structure.
Development of Real Time Night Vision Camera Monitoring Robot Integrating DTMF and GPS System
Authors: Sulong M M S , Hasan M Z , Shariffudin N , Busari M A , Mansor M N
Published: September 2020

In general, spy robots were employed mostly in military field to patrol over the country border and also can be assigned for a rescue and search mission. Even though this technology has a rapid growth recently, the major problem is what is there in Malaysia security sector, there are many lacks in this technology if compared to other countries. Furthermore, most robots use the RF technology which means the person can only monitor or control the robot within a limited range. Even though the patrol robot can be operated from a long range, there is a circumstance that it can be hard to be located or tracked. Moreover, the ordinary camera can’t deliver a better performance under dark circumstances. In view of confinements that have been featured previously, this project plans to develop a mobile patrol robot with wireless night vision camera that can be controlled by using DTMF and GPS system that can be used in military field. There are several parts to be in implement in this project as following; software simulation & hardware development of robot. As example the DTMF technology, GPS system and wireless night vision camera as well are implemented in this project so the working principle of the robot features needs to be simulated and programmed into the robot using Arduino and Proteus software. Only then if the simulation is succeeded the progress is then proceeded to the hardware development of the robot. Later the successful simulation is integrated into the robot to make the robot can be fully operated. To conclude, this robot is supposed to be able to easily be tracked by GPS system and monitored from long range using DTMF while performing such monitoring or guarding duty at the country border or other public areas.
Forecasting Private Vehicle Ownership and It Effect to Public Transportation Planning in Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Ruslan Ruslan , Sugiarto Sugiarto , Anggraini Renni , Saleh Sofyan M
Published: September 2020

This paper analyses trends in private vehicle ownership in developing countries, namely in Indonesia. In the last few years private vehicle ownership has increased very sharply in line with economic growth, rapid urbanization growth, significant population growth and ineffective and efficient transportation system services. In 2011, Indonesia’s population had reached more than 240 million people, more than 17 million private vehicles and more than 11 million drivers. As usual, income has become a major factor influencing private vehicle ownership. However, population growth also affects ownership of the number of private vehicles. Besides other factors such as government policies, vehicle financing, household characteristics and travel behaviour. Therefore this paper tries to analyse the level of income and the level of population growth and also other factors that affect vehicle ownership in Indonesia, especially in the western part of Indonesia, the city of Banda Aceh. The city of Banda Aceh is located in the westernmost region of the archipelago, a city that is growing after the earthquake and Tsunami. Banda Aceh city has population more than 223.446 in 2010 and increase 10 per cent for the last five years. Private vehicle mode ownership is related to negative impact as well as congestions, accidents, unavailability of parking lots, noise, health problem, pollutions and other problem. Seeing the many negative effects of increasing the number of private vehicle ownership so that it becomes an arduous task for policy makers. The results of the study show that there is a strong relationship between income growth and population growth with the level of private vehicle ownership..
Digital Piano Keyboard Design using FPGA Implementation for Beginner
Authors: Asyraf Khairuddin M.A. , Ahmad Nabihah , Helmy Abd Wahab Mohd , Zulkarnain Syed Idrus Syed
Published: September 2020

With the future technology and architecture, the digital musical instruments have been designed into a pack of electronic hardware and software with no strings or animal skins for producing an instruments sound. One of the musical instruments with high interest to learn by a beginner is piano. To solve this problem, this research aimed to design and development of basic digital piano keyboard using FPGA for rapid prototyping. The core of this project is keynotes which is a common input peripheral device that is connected with FPGA which is DE1-SoC-MTL2 and speaker to complete a basic learning system of piano. The architecture is designed using Verilog HDL through the Altera Quartus Prime software. Verilog has been designed to export every 13 keys to 13 certain note then implemented on DE1-SoC-MTL2. The basic system process is a keynote press is needed to activate or produce the certain piano sound. MTL2 used to display a pressed keynote. There are 13 keys in total of piano keynotes for this design where each key represents a different note or frequency to match the existing piano at the present day. The 13 different notes are low octave C, C#, D, D#, E, F, F#, G#, A#, B and high octave C basically for beginner user knowledge. All the components of the system are verified using oscilloscope. This digital piano keyboard designed on FPGA has been implemented for user beginner needs, who want to learn to play piano at very basic stage.
Computerized integer programming method: menu scheduling for critical illness patients
Authors: Ai Lee Ong , Firdaus Sufahani Suliadi , Helmy Abd Wahab Mohd , Zulkarnain Syed Idrus Syed , Surono Sugiyarto , Ahmad Asmala
Published: September 2020

In this paper, critical illness patients are referred to breast cancer patients. This cancer is developed from the breast tissue. It is developed due to the erratic growth of cells of the breast tissue. In Malaysia, according to the statistics in 2017, one out of 20 individuals has the breast cancer in their life. In order to help the breast cancer patient in choosing the best food in their meal of a whole day, the way on how to use different mathematical programming methods to prepare a proper and healthy planning diet menu that fulfil all the nutrients constraints with the minimum cost for the breast cancer patient will be showed out. In the literature review, previous research for the menu planning, approaches used for the optimization are being reviewed in detail. In methodology, there are two mathematical programming methods that will be applied which are integer programming and binary integer programming methods. There are two sets of data which is 100 food items for small data model and 426 food items for big data model. At the end of this research, it should be able to provide a minimum cost one day menu and weekly menu for the breast cancer patients with the sufficient nutritional value.
Intrusion-Detection System Based on Hybrid Models: Review Paper
Authors: falih badran Mohammed , Sahar Nan Md. , Sari Suhaila , Taujuddin N. S. A. M.
Published: September 2020

The Intrusion-detection systems (IDS) is currently one of the most important security tools. However, an IDS-based hybrid model offers better results than crime detection using the same algorithm. However, hybrid models based on conventional algorithms still face different problems. The objective of this study was to provide information on the most important assumptions and limitations of close hybrid analysis based on criminal analysis and to analyze the limitations of the new machine learning algorithm (FLN) to obtain IDS-based advice.
Big Data Analytics Applicability in Higher Learning Educational System
Authors: Tasmin R. , Muhammad R. N. , Nor Aziati A. H.
Published: September 2020

The application of big data analytics is significantly gaining awareness in the educational sector as universities are operating under pressure in an increasingly competitive environment. Quite a number of researchers have reported the use and application of big data in different fields with few publications addressing the integrative application of big data analytics in institutions of higher education. The purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability of big data analytics in higher institutions. This paper outlines the major areas in which big data analytics can be of use in the higher institutions such as in academic and management levels. The ultimate goal is to optimize using big data analytics in learning and decision-making.
High Gain of 2x1 Simulated Circularly Polarized Rectangular Microstrip Patch Array Antenna
Authors: Husna Nurasma , Aminudin Jamlos Mohd , Azani Mustafa Wan , Zulkarnain Syed Idrus Syed
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a high gain of 2x1 circularly polarized rectangular microstrip array antenna for wide communication. This paper study the design and the simulation of the array antenna in terms of gain, return loss and the axial ratio. The 2×1 array antenna with dimension of 130 × 80 mm is proposed. The presented design is composed of two elements of microstrip patch antenna with an array configuration. The truncated edge of the patch and the inclined slot are the techniques used that capable to achieve circular polarized capability. The antenna is fed by microstrip transmission line with full ground plane and etched on Rogers RT 5880 substrate with 2.1 and 1.53 mm of dielectric constant and the thickness respectively. The 2x1 array antenna achieved a gain of 10.77 dB with a return loss of -24. 63 dB at a desired frequency of 5.8 GHz.