bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HER-2 Immunohistochemical Expression in Bone Sarcomas: A New Hope for Osteosarcoma Patients
Authors: Khalifa Sara E. , Fathy Yasmine
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma, remain the most common primary bone tumours. Questions have been raised about the prognostic influence of HER-2 in bone sarcomas, but so far the results have been debatable. The her-2 expression is possibly a predictor of chemotherapy response.AIM: In this study, we investigated the extent of HER-2 expression in bone sarcomas, and attempted to correlate it with pertinent variables that will help to provide better treatment options, especially for metastatic ones.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-two cases of bone sarcomas (32 osteosarcoma cases and 20 chondrosarcoma ones) were studied for HER-2 immunohistochemical expression then correlation with all available clinicopathologic features was done.RESULTS: Most of the osteosarcoma cases exhibited membranous staining (78.1%). Strong staining was observed (score 3+) in 34.4%; while 21.9% showed moderate staining (score 2+); and 21.9% displayed weak staining (score 1+), on the other hand, no staining was detected in 7 out of 32 cases (21.9%) (score 0). As regards chondrosarcoma, the absence of staining in all examined cases was noted. Immunohistochemical HER-2 overexpression correlated significantly with osteosarcoma site with P value = 0.004, with variation relating HER-2 intensity score to the site of osteosarcoma (P = 0.051). A statistically significant negative correlation was detected between HER-2 expression and the presence of metastasis at time of diagnosis (P = 0.006), A significant correlation was also found regarding HER-2 score and presence of metastasis with P value = 0.046 as more than half of cases with no metastasis at diagnosis (17/28 cases, 60.7%) showed positive intensity score. A statistically significant correlation was detected between HER-2 expression and patients’ age (P = 0.044). Also, HER-2 expression significantly correlated to histopathological detection of fibrous tissue, with P value = 0.033. Higher scores of HER-2 expression were associated with a significantly better differentiation (P = 0.038) since detection of wide areas of osteoid were associated with higher HER-2 scores.CONCLUSION: Further research would still be needed to delineate HER-2 role being a new hope for therapeutic targeting in bone sarcoma patients, mainly osteosarcoma in contrast to chondrosarcoma that didn’t express HER-2 at all.
Respiratory Viruses and Atypical Bacteria Co-Infection in Children with Acute Respiratory Infection
Authors: El Baroudy Nevine R. , El Rifay Amira S. , Abdel Hamid Tamer A. , Hassan Dina M. , Soliman May S. , Sherif Lobna
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are one of the prevalent pediatric diseases. Coinfections of respiratory viruses and atypical bacterial respiratory pathogens are common.AIM: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of co-infection between respiratory pathogens including viruses, bacteria and atypical bacteria in a sample of Egyptian children presenting with symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection.METHODS: This one-year prospective cohort study conducted in Abo El Rish Pediatric Hospital, Cairo University over one year included children presenting with symptoms of acute respiratory infection. Enrolled children were subjected to nasopharyngeal swabs or throat swabs and then processed to detect viral, bacterial and atypical bacterial causative agents by culture), retrotranscription polymerase, Monoplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Multiplex PCR.RESULTS: Viral etiological agents were detected in 20 cases (20.8%), while 76 patients (79.2%) had no definite viral aetiology. The most abundant virus detected was Rhinovirus in 36 (27.3%), followed by 21 (15.9%) were positive for RSV, 12 (9.1%) were positive for HMPV, 6 (4.5%) were positive for adenovirus and 3 (2.3%) were positive for influenza B. For Atypical bacterial causes Mycoplasma were positive for 9 (6.8%) cases and one case was positive for Bordetella parapertussis. Viral and atypical bacteria Co infection were detected in 14 (10.6%) of cases.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that coinfection with bacteria or atypical bacteria in children with acute respiratory tract infection is common and this co-infection can induce serious illness. The multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction should become an essential tool for epidemiological studies and can fill the gap between clinical presentation and definitive diagnosis.
La véranda, le climatiseur et la centrale électrique
Authors: Degani Michael
Published: September 2018

Cet article analyse l’importance idéologique de la notion de « race » dans le secteur de l’électricité en Tanzanie, en suivant les débats autour de deux exploitants de centrales thermiques privés, Independent Power Tanzania Limited (IPTL)/Pan African Power (PAP) et Richmond Development Corporation. Engagées à l’origine dans le cadre de contrats de fourniture « d’énergie de secours », les deux sociétés sont devenues des prestataires de longue durée pour la production d’électricité en Tanzanie. Toutes deux ont également été le théâtre de collaborations entre financeurs asiatiques et hommes politiques africains, cherchant à réaliser d’énormes profits, au grand désarroi des donateurs euro-américains. Les scandales et la rhétorique politique qui en ont résulté soulignent la façon dont la libéralisation postsocialiste a revitalisé les débats sur la race, créant de nouvelles lignes complexes de récriminations sociopolitiques et un mélange ambigu de privatisations officielles et de facto .
Évolutions, révolutions et inerties dans l’énergie
Authors: His Stéphane , de Gromard Christian
Published: September 2018

Le monde de l’énergie est dans une ère de profonde mutation marquée par la révolution que certains qualifient « des 3 D » : décarbonation, décentralisation et digitalisation du secteur de l’énergie. Face à ces transformations majeures, l’Afrique occupe une position singulière. Si le continent ne représente que 5 % de la consommation d’énergie mondiale et des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, il est en revanche particulièrement exposé aux effets du changement climatique. Sa consommation d’énergie reste encore dominée par les usages de la biomasse pour la cuisson (et cela devrait perdurer). L’avènement des nouveaux modèles électriques marqués par la « révolution des 3D » fait émerger de nouvelles solutions sur le continent qui résultent de la combinaison de plusieurs innovations en matière d’énergies renouvelables, d’accumulateurs électriques, de réseaux intelligents et de paiement en ligne via le téléphone portable.
L’électrification complète de l’Afrique d’ici 2030 est-elle possible ?
Authors: Debeugny Charles , de Gromard Christian , Jacquot Grégoire
Published: September 2018

Si l’objectif d’un accès universel à l’énergie en Afrique sub-saharienne d’ici 2030 est communément admis, les stratégies et moyens à mettre en œuvre restent encore à définir. De nouveaux modèles de gouvernance seront notamment nécessaires pour assurer le montage et la réalisation de projets d’électrification durables et inclusifs pensés à l’échelle des États africains.
Évaluation des pratiques d’emploi accompagné : méthodologie et premières données concernant 3 dispositifs d’emploi accompagné de MESSIDOR en 2016
Authors: Marec Marie-Gaëlle , Pachoud Bernard
Published: September 2018

La notoriété de l’emploi accompagné et son développement dans de nombreux pays et maintenant en France sont liés à sa réputation d’efficacité, établie par toutes les études comparant les résultats de cette pratique à ceux des pratiques traditionnelles. Si la pertinence de cette approche n’est donc plus à démontrer, il reste important d’évaluer les résultats des dispositifs mis en place, notamment en termes d’accès et de maintien en emploi. A titre d’illustration de cette recherche évaluative, nous présentons les premières données concernant l’activité en 2016 de 3 dispositifs d’emploi accompagné de Messidor. Ces premières données confirment l’intérêt de cette pratique, et soulèvent des questions pour mieux rendre compte des résultats et compléter les indicateurs de performance, notamment concernant le maintien en emploi et pour une appréciation plus globale du devenir des personnes accompagnées.
Les « gesta non Hispaniensia », actualités étrangères dans la deuxième et la troisième Décades d’Alfonso de Palencia
Authors: Ferrera Matías
Published: September 2018

Cet article s'intéresse à la présence d’actualités étrangères dans la deuxième et la troisième Décades d'Alfonso de Palencia. À travers l'étude des passages consacrés à l'histoire de France, d'Angleterre, de Bourgogne, d’Italie (possessions vénitiennes en Mer Égée incluses) et de Hongrie, il prétend démontrer que l'auteur ne les conçoit pas comme des digressions ou des concordantia. Bien au contraire, ces « gesta non Hispaniensia » apparaissent comme des éléments à part entière d'un projet historiographique complexe où le rapport de causalité s'impose comme principe ordonnateur aux côtés de la chronologie. Davantage encore, ils s'inscrivent dans un programme propagandiste en faveur de Ferdinand d'Aragon et de ses alliés, Palencia ayant conscience que présenter une Chrétienté aux abois face à la menace turque et identifier les responsables de la situation lui permet de décrédibiliser et accuser les ennemis de Ferdinand d'Aragon afin de mieux exalter ce dernier.
Alfonso de Palencia como cultor ueritatis: la historia y la sátira
Authors: Lawrance Jeremy
Published: September 2018

Desde el primer momento los lectores de los Gesta Hispaniensia quedaron atónitos por su tono; acusaron a Palencia de ser «parcial», «maldiciente», movido por la «malignidad». Él, en cambio, siempre se presenta como el cultor veritatis, comprometido por «juramento» a ser el defensor de la verdad. Partiendo de esta contradicción, el artículo somete la máscara del historiador a un análisis teórico. Dicha estrategia caracteriza el género de la sátira; Palencia presenta su testimonio no como una historia fáctica, ni autobiográficamente como actor, sino bajo la persona asumida del filósofo cínico que critica la sociedad humana desde fuera. Esta técnica, producto de sus estudios humanísticos, era revolucionaria. Una breve consideración final de las teorías coetáneas sobre la satyra romana aduce varios ejemplos para sugerir que el nuevo método fue un invento consciente e intencionado, aunque condenado inevitablemente a no ser comprendido por sus coetáneos.
Les affects dans le Bellum adversus Granatenses d’Alfonso de Palencia
Authors: Carette Alice
Published: September 2018

Cet article s’intéresse aux affects éprouvés et provoqués par le couple royal Isabelle de Castille-Ferdinand d’Aragon dans le Bellum adversus Granatenses d’Alfonso de Palencia. Il montre dans un premier temps comment le discours sur les affects royaux – désir, espoir, tristesse, colère – vise à légitimer son entreprise de reconquête du royaume de Grenade et à souligner la cohésion de la société chrétienne autour des souverains. Il analyse ensuite la façon qu’ont les chrétiens d’appuyer leur stratégie militaire sur la peur des populations assiégées, et les moyens par lesquels le texte s’empare des affects négatifs ou, plus rarement, positifs attribués aux musulmans pour justifier la guerre et la victoire chrétienne.
Notas para una edición digital de Alfonso de Palencia
Authors: Allés Torrent Susanna
Published: September 2018

Este artículo es una reflexión sobre las posibilidades que ofrece la obra de Alfonso de Palencia teniendo en cuenta los estándares actuales de la edición académica digital. Presenta, además, un proyecto en ciernes sobre las Vitae Illustrium Virorum, que tiene como objeto editar las biografías escritas en latín por Leonardo Bruni, Guarino Veronese y Donato Acciaiuoli, los humanistas italianos que colaboraron en la traducción del griego al latín de las Vidas paralelas de Plutarco, obra que, posteriormente, Palencia tradujo al castellano. Se sugiere, además, que la elección de las tecnologías utilizadas para llevar a cabo un proyecto digital conlleva una serie de implicaciones filosóficas y éticas.
Immigrant architects in Brazil: old and new tools for a historiographical discussion
Authors: Falbel Anat
Published: September 2018

The role of human displacement and migration in cultural processes as well as in the development of form in art and architecture has long been recognized. Throughout the last two decades, however, with the increase of human exchange and experiences of exile, issues concerning dynamics of cultural transfer have come to guide the course of mainstream architectural history. Bringing together old and new ideas surrounding these issues, this article opens up a discussion about the self-perception of Brazilian modern architectural historiography, addressing the role of foreign and immigrant architects in the spread of architectural modernism.
Gottfried Semper, chroniques parisiennes 1849-1850. Contributions à une architecture comparée
Authors: Kalinowski Isabelle , Thibault Estelle
Published: September 2018

Peut-on caractériser une littérature architecturale propre aux situations d’exil ? L’activité d’écriture, tout particulièrement dans la presse, peut contribuer au maintien de l’identité publique de l’exilé qui, en rendant compte de ses expériences, observations et lectures, devient un témoin critique des différents aspects de la vie sociale, culturelle et politique du territoire d’asile. Les essais rédigés par l’architecte Gottfried Semper pendant la première année de son parcours d’émigré politique, dans la France de la Seconde République, fournissent à cet égard un terrain d’investigation intéressant. La série de textes qu’il publie, entre l’automne 1849 et l’hiver 1850, dans la Romberg’s Zeitschrift für Praktische Baukunst [Revue d’architecture pratique de Romberg] compose un ensemble hétérogène de petits formats qui, parce qu’ils explorent des genres et des sujets disparates, semblent refléter les errances d’une période de grande instabilité biographique. Ces essais sont certes liés à différentes opportunités (voyages, visites d’édifices, observations techniques) et portent la marque des amis qui lui offrent l’asile. Pour autant, ils rejoignent les préoccupations fondamentales de l’architecte, en lien avec le projet d’« architecture comparée » auquel Semper travaillait pour l’éditeur Eduard Vieweg mais qui demeura inachevé.
The Third Migration
Authors: Talesnik Daniel
Published: September 2018

This essay describes a migration scenario of architects in the interwar period, one that is different from others of the epoch. The Third Migration addresses a movement of mostly left-wing architects from Europe to the Soviet Union during the interwar period, architects that mostly relocated before the war, and many returned to Europe after the war. The Third Migration points towards a third paradigm of migration and not a chronological sequence, the first example being the Le Corbusier school around the world, and the second example being the Bauhaus that goes to the United States with Walter Gropius, Mies van der Rohe et alli. This larger frame helps to situate the specific group of architecture students from the German Bauhaus who followed Meyer to the Soviet Union in 1930 after he was expelled from the directorship of the Bauhaus: the so-called Red Bauhaus Brigade. This essay questions whether the movements of this Third Migration can be considered global and suggests a frame for analyzing the dissemination of modern architecture.
Social Networking
Authors: Ezziane Zoheir
Published: September 2018

The aim of this chapter is to illustrate how social networking could be used as a tool to empower people and organizations to get connected and share similar ideas and endeavors. It demonstrates the benefits when organizations employ social networking as an e-service tool to engage both consumers and businesses alike. In this chapter, a special focus is attributed to Al Ain Distribution Company (AADC), a wholly owned subsidiary of Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). AADC has implemented novel e-services for the purpose of improving customer services and incorporate social networking within its existing management information system (MIS). This work has been instrumental in not only showing advantages of using social networking at AADC but also helping the company to address various consumer needs and enhancing its e-services.
Users Holding Accounts on Multiple Online Social Networks
Authors: Bouraga Sarah , Jureta Ivan , Faulkner Stéphane
Published: September 2018

The last decade has seen an increasing number of online social network (OSN) users. As they grew more and more popular over the years, OSNs became also more and more profitable. Indeed, users share a considerable amount of personal information on these sites, both intentionally and unintentionally. And thanks to this enormous user base, social networks are able to generate recommendations, attract numerous advertisers, and sell data to companies. This situation has sparked a lot of interest in the research community. Indeed, users grow more uncomfortable with the idea that they do not have full control over their own data. The lack of control can even be amplified when a user holds an account on various OSNs. The data she shares is then spread over multiple platforms. This chapter addresses the notion of portable profile, which could help users to gain more control or more awareness of the data collected about her. In this chapter, the authors discuss the advantages and drawbacks of a portable profile. Secondly, they propose a conceptual model for the data in this unified profile.
Setting a Framework of Inclusive Support for Students With Disabilities
Authors: O'Connor Jr. Johnny R.
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to provide guidance to parents, teachers, and school administrators, as it relates to the various elements and considerations to implementing inclusion programming in schools. The author introduces the implementation of inclusion in terms of a multidimensional framework needed to support the inclusion of students with disabilities (SWD) in general education classroom settings. Inclusive settings allow access to the general education curriculum, ensuring compliance with federal law, and enhanced academic and social opportunities for students with disabilities. A discussion of key stakeholders in inclusion, as well as preparation, implementation, and sustainability of inclusion efforts are also reviewed.
Inclusive Transition
Authors: Hawkins Jacqueline , McDaniel Elizabeth P.
Published: September 2018

Increasing trends in the number of students with disabilities who transition from high school to college and career have been evidenced in the past 30 years. Transition support for students who have been included in secondary school classrooms is necessary to ensure successful outcomes. The purpose of this chapter is to present the evolution of transition support and two evidence-based transition planning approaches. The chapter also presents the laws that support transition at various points in the educational pipeline and suggests training and outcomes that might be provided for students and their families and educators. Inclusive education has done much to spur the need for change in the transition process. The approaches are available. They need to be implemented to support students to persist and succeed in post-secondary education and in the world of work.
College Bound?
Authors: Hawkins Jacqueline , Santi Kristi L. , McDaniel Elizabeth P.
Published: September 2018

Increasing numbers of students with disabilities who have been included in high school have transitioned to college over the past several decades. While many of those students are eligible for accommodations in high school, fewer of those same students with disabilities request or receive accommodations in college. The purpose of this chapter is to present the need to begin the transition process early, present the self-knowledge and skills that students need to support their success, outline the language, laws, and culture of college that students must negotiate, and propose the use of the summary of performance as an initial solution to the challenge of transition. Inclusive education has done much to spur changes in higher education and disability support. The supports are available in higher education. Students need the knowledge and skills to access them, use them, and self-advocate with their college counselors and instructors to meet their goals.
Omani English Language Learners' Perceptions of Interactive and Online Listening and Speaking Activities
Authors: Bodola Melissa Rebekah
Published: September 2018

Online learning calls for a revolution in course development for English language teaching. This chapter examines the effects of interpersonal interaction, computer-mediated tasks, and podcasting on engagement in listening and speaking activities by exploring instruction that promotes fluent and accurate speech, in addition to the potential benefits of employing student podcasts as authentic listening materials. Fifty-one L1 Arabic English language learners (ELLs) from an intermediate English cohort of the Foundation Program for English Language (FPEL) at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) in Oman responded to a 24-question online survey that addressed their perceptions of classroom-based and online listening and speaking activities. To further ascertain students' motivations, the researcher interviewed a focus group of seven learners from the cohort and examined willingness to engage in speaking activities inside the classroom and as part of extracurricular activities. Findings suggest an influence of foreign language anxiety (FLA) on participation.
Self- and Peer-Assessments in the Iranian Context
Authors: Rezaee Abbas Ali , Shabani Enayat A.
Published: September 2018

Assessment is an integral part of any education. Traditionally, pen-and-paper examinations have been widely used all over the world, although new trends in assessing language ability have put more emphasis on learner autonomy and participation. Self-assessment and peer-assessment are two concepts that have been introduced in alternative assessment. However, teachers in the Iranian context may be reluctant to put these assessment types into practice because they are seen as authority handover. This systematic review examines the research literature on self- and peer-assessment in ELT settings in Iran. Results indicate that enacting these assessment types in the Iranian context is by no means authority handover, and that teachers and students generally have positive attitudes towards them. The review indicates that both self- and peer-assessments can enhance student autonomy in learning and assessment and increase teaching effectiveness. Implications for the Iranian classroom are discussed.
An Evaluation of Preposition Representation in the Omani Basic Education ELT Textbooks
Authors: Al-Mahrooqi Rahma , Al-Maamari Faisal Said , Denman Christopher
Published: September 2018

The chapter employed a corpus-based approach to evaluate the representation of prepositions in the Omani Basic Education English language teaching (ELT) school textbooks in Grades 1-4. In doing so, it sought to investigate English preposition distribution patterns in the textbooks in order to understand more about how Omani learners are introduced to them. To achieve this, a corpus of Omani ELT school textbooks was used and a qualitative page-by-page content analysis performed through manual content analysis. Findings indicate that prepositions were not presented with enough frequency for learners to be adequately exposed to them across all grades. Moreover, results suggest that the textbook writers have not considered the frequency distribution of patterns of prepositions during the textbook design phase. Practical implications of these results are offered.
Support Irrigation Water Management of Cereals Using Optical Remote Sensing and Modeling in a Semi-Arid Region
Authors: Benabdelouahab Tarik , Lionboui Hayat , Hadria Rachid , Balaghi Riad , Boudhar Abdelghani , Tychon Bernard
Published: September 2018

Irrigated agriculture is an important strategic sector for Morocco, contributing to food security and employment. Nowadays, irrigation scheme managers shall ensure that water is optimally used. The main objective was to support the irrigation monitoring and management of wheat in the irrigated perimeter using optical remote sensing and crop modeling. The potential of spectral indices derived from SPOT-5 images was explored for quantifying and mapping surface water content changes at large scale. Indices were computed using the reflectance in red, near infrared, and shortwave infrared bands. A field crop model (AquaCrop) was adjusted and tested to simulate the grain yield and the temporal evolution of soil moisture status. This research aimed at providing a scientific and technical approach to assist policymakers and stakeholders to improve monitoring irrigation and mitigating wheat water stress at field and irrigation perimeter levels in semi-arid areas. The approach could lead to operational management tools for an efficient irrigation at field and regional levels.
Land Use Land Cover Dynamics in Ribb Watershed and Its Implication to the Sustainability of Ribb Dam
Authors: Jember Yidnekachew
Published: September 2018

Land use land cover dynamics is a widespread phenomenon in many parts of Ethiopia and in Ribb watershed. The main objective of the research was assessing land use land cover dynamics and its implication to the sustainability of Ribb Dam in 1973, 1986, 2001, and 2016 by using Landsat image and household questioner. During the last 44 years, cultivated and settlement land and forest cover showed an increment from 26.29% to 54.89% and 9.45% to 12.86%, respectively. The bush land, grazing land, water body, and wetland, however, showed a relative decrement from 29.48% to 17.09%, 21.45% to 12.70%, 4.64% to 2.39%, and 8.70% to 0.08%, respectively. Population pressure, poverty, weak policy and institutional enforcement, and tenure insecurity revealed as a major cause of the change in land use land cover. Soil erosion, lack of fuel wood, and impact on livelihood are major consequences of land use land cover change.
Management of the Public Land in Morocco Actors and Logics
Authors: Abderrahim Idrais , El Hassan Semlali , Ettarid Mohamed , Abdelwahed El Idrissi
Published: September 2018

The land heritage held by the public authorities represents an important part of the Moroccan land system. The management of this land heritage obeys various logics arising from its functional, legal, and institutional complexity. The objective of this study is to identify the numerous logics that drive the management of land assets by various actors and to describe the impact of these logics on the land management. The adopted methodology is to analyze the theoretical aspects and functions of the land tenure, study the regulatory framework of the land and the territorial land, and deal with the institutional framework of the land heritage management. The achieved consequences of this study have enabled the authors to distinguish three logics: the conservative logic, the regulatory logic, and the promoting logic. The goal behind the chapter is to provide the stakeholders with a functional paradigm to take into account for creating the conciliation tools reinforcing the coordination to carry out the urban development of the country.
Challenges Associated With Counselling Multicultural Clients
Authors: Dasan Sindusha Darshini Kanna
Published: September 2018

The chapter is about different situations that therapists face challenges in and outlines what a therapist can do when faced with these challenging situations. The challenges covered are: challenging the competency of the therapist of color; transferring minority animosity to clients of other cultures; unrealistically viewing the therapist of colour as a super minority therapist; overidentification with the client; encountering clashes in cultural values; encountering clashes in communication and therapeutic styles; multicultural competence in a therapist; therapist of colour needing to prove competence; dealing with expressions of racist attitudes/beliefs/behaviors from clients; receiving and expressing racial animosity; and dealing with the stages of racial and cultural identity of therapists and clients. This chapter is to create awareness in therapist and help build multicultural competent therapist.
Counseling Chinese Communities in Malaysia
Authors: Ting Rachel Sing Kiat , Foo Pei Lynn
Published: September 2018

This chapter presents the experiences of Chinese in Malaysia (CIM), in the context of mental health services. As the second largest ethnic group in Malaysia, CIM is diverse in its dialectic subculture, education, generation, geography, and degree of assimilation to the mainstream culture. The chapter introduces the ecological characteristics of CIM and how they shape the unique psychological challenges. Though CIM are known for their multilingual ability, strong work ethics, emphasis on education, and family piety, the clashes between tradition and modern values, the marginalized position in the Malaysian political arena, the stereotype of overachiever in education, and the “brain drain” movement of young elite CIM, have all caused a strain in CIM families as well as individuals. Moreover, they face both external and internal barriers in getting quality mental health care. It is therefore imperative to promote a mental health discipline that is open to serve CIM, as well as being sensitive to its cultural and historical backdrop.
Hinduism and Counseling
Authors: Muruges Devi Venashinee
Published: September 2018

Indian psychology lays enormous importance on the research of religious experiences and the expansion of approaches by which to accomplish them. In addition to that, it also provides understanding of the different states of consciousness. Hence, it is undeniable that Indian psychology will be able to make a definite therapeutic contribution to many psychological problems. For mental health practitioners dealing with Hinduism, there are teachings within various texts that directly strengthen counseling and mental services. Some of the examples include perceiving the conscious and the unconsciousness aspects of the mind, utilizing meditation to support people with mental health issues, yoga exercises to curb anxiety and stress, and many others. Therefore, this chapter intends to elucidate the application of Hinduism in therapy.
The Spirit of Capitalism vs. the Spirit of Consumerism
Authors: Van Til Kent A.
Published: September 2018

Max Weber's protestant work ethic linked the Calvinist doctrine of election to the rise of capitalism. Weber saw the “worldly asceticism” among Calvinists as the motive for the hard work and savings that are required in capitalism. Though this theory has both detractors and critics, it remains dominant in both academic and popular writings. When this typology is extended to include consumerism, however, it fails, since the doctrine of election is not compatible with choice, which is the leading characteristic of consumerism. Arminian/free-will theology, on the other hand, has choice as its leading characteristic and practice. American evangelists asked their listeners to stand up and choose Christ at roughly the same time and in the same way that advertisers asked consumers to choose their products. Thus, a new typology is warranted which links the free-will theology of American evangelicalism to the choice that characterizes modern consumerism.
Turkey's Experience of Modern Consumer Culture
Authors: Kıran Elif
Published: September 2018

This chapter adresses the issue of consumption from a sociological perspective and focuses primarily on the emergence of consumer society in Turkey by making use of the historical data in the literature as well as of arguments of some prominent thinkers on the subject, such as Baudrillard, Simmel, and Veblen. Following this general point of view, the author goes further, delving into the significant points of modern consumer culture in Turkey. To this aim, the rise of consumer culture in the country and the unique role of mass media and of the places of consumption in the spreading of this new lifestyle are discussed.
The American K-12 School Violence Incident
Authors: Crews Gordon A. , Crews Garrison A.
Published: September 2018

The authors give an overview of a research project that examined in detail 106 characteristics of 78 school violence incidents that occurred in the United States between 1979 and 2011. The result is an extensive overview of the location, date, and time of school violence incidents; the school environment in which violence occurred; the school violence incident itself; the characteristics of the perpetrators involved; characteristics of weapons used; and injuries incurred. The authors pose to the reader six major findings of the characteristics of K-12 school violence incidents in the United States which they argue must be considered as we move forward in dealing with this issue.
Impact of Zero Tolerance Policies on K-12 Education
Authors: McIntyre Jr. R. Neal
Published: September 2018

Since the mid-1990s, zero tolerance policies have been utilized in K-12 education as a means of addressing and deterring acts of violence on school grounds. While originally designed to address serious infractions, such as possession of weapons and drugs in schools, these policies have been expanded to include less serious offenses, such as fighting, absences, and other minor disturbances. Critics argue that this punitive approach has not only led to the inconsistent use and application of these policies but has also been used as a means of forcing lower performing students and minorities out of school by criminalizing minor acts thereby creating a school-to-prison pipeline. Research has identified that these policies are ineffective and has had a detrimental impact on kids both in school and beyond, yet they are still popular. This chapter examines these various issues and harmful consequences of zero tolerance while offering recommendations for schools to implement restorative justice practices, or a similar philosophy, in their response to wrongdoings by students.
Sex, Drugs, and Rock 'n' Roll
Authors: Crews Gordon A. , Crews Samantha Leigh
Published: September 2018

Music, literature, movies, and all forms of entertainment play an important role in the socialization of adolescents. Present everywhere and easily available, this allows children almost limitless access to questionable entertainment alone or with friends. Parents are unaware of the content of what their children are absorbing because of the use of downloaded music, videos, and literature, and the use of headphones. Research on popular culture/entertainment has explored its effects on schoolwork, social interactions, and particularly behavior. Lyrics have become more explicit in their references to drugs, sex, and violence over the years, particularly in certain genres. And, in turn, there have been myriad attempts to censor, ban, and block access to various materials. Justifications for such efforts has been the belief that a teenager's preference for certain types of entertainment could be correlated or associated with certain behaviors. The purpose of this chapter is to offer an historical examination of the efforts to censor and/or ban what children are exposed.
Liriodendron tulipifera
Authors: Lovelace Ryan , Argenbright Tim , Webb Danielle , Watterson Valerie
Published: September 2018

This chapter will include information on how to integrate instruction across English language arts (ELA), math, and science curriculums or seventh grade. The chapter will illustrate how to integrate standards from these three areas and formulate a culminating unit project. This is the core identifying characteristic for Innovation Academy, a STEM school located in Blountville, Tennessee. This chapter will elaborate on how the teachers at Innovation Academy collaborate, communicate, and plan in order to integrate curriculum and execute the culminating unit project. In addition, this chapter will illustrate designing a plan for formative lessons in the individual ELA, math, and science classrooms to prepare students for the culminating unit project.
3D Digitization of Architectural Heritage
Authors: Morganti Caterina , Bartolomei Cristiana
Published: September 2018

This project's principal intention is developing a structure from a motion thematic applied to an architecture field in both medium and large scale, in order to generate a cloud of points. These are obtained thanks to photographic footage, which can later be used during the H-BIM process. The matter of 3D digitalization is a very current issue for many countries including Cuba. The growth of such a technological application for tridimensional restitution of historical buildings is treated by giving special attention to those belonging to Havana's architectural and cultural heritage.
Molecular Identification of Fungi in Outdoor Sandstones of Cultural Heritage Buildings for Modeling Their Biodeterioration
Authors: Montoya José Luis González , Bueno José de Jesús Pérez , Canchola Maria del Carmen Cano , Cervantes-Jáuregui Jorge A. , Reyes Veridiana , Álvarez-Vargas Aurelio
Published: September 2018

Our cultural heritage kept in sandstone is doubtless suffering from accelerated biodeterioration. Fungi play a key role, either by acid production, dye secretion or as microbiont in the symbiotic association of the lichen with algae. The use of the universal initiators for the amplification of conserved regions of the ribosomal genes has been serving as an excellent marker for the microorganism identification, due to the ubiquity and conservation of these regions present in the genome of the eucarionts. In this chapter, the different fungi species present in sandstone were identified using molecular analysis techniques, as amplifiers in genes chains and the sequentiation of the resultant fragments. A theoric model of the way that the fungus contributes to the biodeterioration of monuments is proposed, with the objective of a better understanding of the contributions of these microorganisms in the general process of biodeterioration.
The Necessity of the Study of Humanities in Analysis of Intangible Architectural Heritage of Europe in the 1930s
Authors: Tahmasebi Aban
Published: September 2018

The chapter suggests a deepening through the study of humanities in order to define, rectify, and identify the significance of architecture as a methodological base. The case study of the chapter is the monitoring of the works of the Iranian architect Mohsen Foroughi who was employed to build the main architectural scheme of the power flourished in the thirties in Persia. Accordingly, to attain the objective of the chapter, which lies in the epistemology of humanities in relation to architecture, the first step is to define a comparative platform where the works of the Iranian architect could be deciphered amidst the study of the works and opinions of his contemporary colleagues in Europe as Marcello Piacentini. The comparison has been undertaken amidst the two PHDs of the author of the chapter. The second step is to study the Parisian education of the Iranian architect and his inherited Persian culture. Finally, other similarities to Foroughi's works alongside with the presentation of texts upon the branches of humanities related to architecture are taken into scrupulous account.
From Treatises to Late Baroque Architecture in Val di Noto
Authors: Valenti Rita , Trigilia Lucia , Ragno Maria Elena , Paternò Emanuela
Published: September 2018

Val di Noto is an area geographically corresponding to southeastern Sicily and it is arranged as an integrated context. Within the Baroque in Sicily, it is necessary to remember the earthquake of 1693 which ravaged the area across, destroying lots of populated centers. After the earthquake, a lot of urban centers were rebuilt transforming the area around Val di Noto into a big building site. The research develops a critical methodological investigation of the works of the period concerning church architecture with sinusoidal facades. The instrumental survey is particularly suitable to draw comparisons with the treatises known at the time. The present study refers to the ichnographies of Mazza collection by Rosario Gagliardi, prominent figure of the Sicilian Baroque. The adopted methodology highlighted analogies and formal geometric differences between the model represented by Gagliardi's ichnographies and the churches previously identified. The chapter provides a useful instrument for the research of a technical, scientific and geometric point of view.
User Information Needs in the Public Libraries in India
Authors: Perumalsamy R. , Kannan Sri. P.
Published: September 2018

The researcher has chosen the topic for the purpose of the study in consultation with research supervisor. The public library is the local center of information, making all kinds of knowledge and information readily available to its users. The services of the public library are provided on the basis of equality of access to all, regardless of age, race, gender, religion, nationality, language, or social status. Public library is a non-profit organization maintained for public use. The thesis comprises of information needs and information seeking behavior of the user of south Tamilnadu, from various angles, the information dissemination services existing in south Tamilnadu and the role played by the district central library in this regard. In public libraries we have the users with different age groups of people right from children to old persons.
User Opinion on Library Collections and Services
Authors: Clarance M. Mercy , Angeline X. Mercy
Published: September 2018

Public library provides recreation. It preserves the literary remains of humanity for posterity, as a vehicle of culture and as source material for antiquarian research. It works for continued social wellbeing, as the agency in charge of all socialized recorded thought. Public library discharges educational, informational, political, economic, industrial, cultural, and antiquarian functions. Thus, the true function of the library is to permit and encourage men to grow up and achieve maturity in an atmosphere of freedom that they may feel that life has something to give them and them something to give it. A world well provided with free libraries would be a world of happy, sensible, peaceful, constructive men, and also a world of immense variety, excitement, and adventure. A public library provides an opportunity for reading books which foster a full and good life. It enables a person to utilize his innate abilities for the benefit of the society. To sum up, it acts as a living force for education, culture, and information as an essential agent for the fostering of peace and understanding between people and nations. This chapter explores, through a case study of a branch library in Karaikudi, user opinion on library collections and services.
Self-Driving Networks
Authors: Kompella Kireeti
Published: September 2018

This chapter presents a new vision of network operations, the self-driving network, that takes automation to the next level. This is not a description of existing work; rather, it is a challenge to dramatically rethink how we manage networks (or rather, how we do not manage networks). It draws upon an analogy with the development of self-driving cars and presents motivations for this effort. It then describes the technologies needed to implement this and an overall architecture of the system. As this endeavor will cause a major shift in network management, the chapter offers an evolutionary path to the end goal. Some of the consequences and human impacts of such a system are touched upon. The chapter concludes with some research topics and a final message. Key takeaways are that machine learning and feedback loops are fundamental to the solution; a key outcome is to build systems that are adaptive and predictive, for the benefit of users.
Autonomic Networking Integrated Model and Approach (ANIMA)
Authors: Eckert Toerless
Published: September 2018

This chapter presents the work of the Autonomic Networking Integrated Model and Approach (ANIMA) working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It was formed to standardize protocols and procedures for an ANIMA autonomic network (AN) and first chartered to define the ANIMA secure autonomic network infrastructure (ANI). This chapter describes the technical history and goals leading to this working group. It then describes how the ANIMA approach provides an evolutionary approach to securing and automating networks and to provide a common infrastructure to evolve into future autonomic networks. Finally, this chapter compares this approach to adjacent standards technologies and discusses interesting next steps.
Slicing Challenges for Operators
Authors: Contreras Luis
Published: September 2018

The advent of 5G introduces the concept of network slicing which is meant to permit network service providers to overcome the great challenge of forthcoming 5G services: how to support and operate different kinds of services with very distinct needs onto the same infrastructure. Deploying altogether on the same network makes it quite difficult to define a common architecture capable of keeping the diverse requirements of all of them. The network slicing concept foresees a number of logically independent slices, each comprising different network nodes and service functions, which are interconnected and are involved in the delivery and the operation of a specific service. By instantiating network slices, the network will be able to provide completely different services in a dynamic way over the same infrastructure. This chapter overviews the challenges raised by the implementation of the network slicing concept and which will be faced by the network operators.
A Perspective on the Standardization of Autonomic Detection of Service Level Agreement Violations
Authors: Nobre Jéferson Campos , Granville Lisandro Zambenedetti
Published: September 2018

Service level agreements (SLAs) allow networked services established between providers and their customers to operate according to the conditions defined in the SLA. Measurement mechanisms can be used to support SLA monitoring. However, these mechanisms are expensive in terms of resource consumption. In addition, if the number of SLA violations at any given time is greater than the available measurement sessions, some violations will likely be missed. The current best practice is to observe just a subset of network destinations based upon the expertise of a few human administrators. Such observation mode is error prone, reactive, and scales poorly. Such practice can lead to SLA violations being missed, which hampers the reliability of the SLA monitoring process. In this context, the use of autonomic network features can improve such processes, especially when these features are deployed in a decentralized manner. The use of these autonomic features is described in RFC 8316. The authors expect that such a document can lead to better SLA monitoring tools and methods.
The Open Source Community Choice
Authors: Richomme Morgan
Published: September 2018

Open source communities have had and continue to have a major influence on the evolution of the Internet. By their nature, such communities involve people with diverse coding cultures and skills. Automation has consequently been of major interest to open source software developers for a long time, and many open source tools have been developed to address code variability and sustainability challenges. This chapter discusses why open source communities must automate and the challenges they will face. Solutions and current examples of automation in open source projects are provided as a guide to what is achievable. OpenShift, OpenStack, and OPNFV communities are used to illustrate different approaches and best practices. Two recently initiated automation initiatives are detailed: “Cross Community Continuous Integration” (XCI) and “Cross Testing” (Xtesting). Finally, some recommendations are provided for new projects as a guide to ease adoption of appropriate tools and methods.