bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) System in Welding Training Facilities using Validation Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation
Authors: Amiruddin Mohd Hasril , Sumarwati Sri , Zainudin Fathin Liyana , Setiyani Setiyani , Mohd Dolit Muhammad Faid , Mutim Gracia Felexianieca , Suib Siti Normah
Published: December 2024

The Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) is the most common type of engineering control equipment used to control employees' exposure to chemicals that are hazardous to their health. Before a contaminant disperses into the workroom environment, LEV systems operate on the principle of capturing it at or near its source. The welding guideline stated that the suggested minimum hood velocity is 100 ft/min, the recommended velocity along ducts for vapors, gases, and smoke is 1000 ft/min, and 2000 ft/min. The research objective is to identify the effectiveness of the LEV system using validation computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The data collected by experimental design during the pre-testing phase of the LEV system is quantitative and obtained through a fieldwork survey and document analysis. Findings found that LEV systems are effective to be used and meet all the minimum requirements set by the guideline. In CFD simulation, upon validation, the average absolute error obtained from the case study is 8.4%. There is good agreement between actual experimental and CFD simulation results, and the acceptable validity of CFD simulation is less than 10%. Therefore, simple CFD modeling is a tool to simulate air velocity in the LEV system, saving labor costs and time consumption during the earliest stage of LEV design development before actual construction. This study's outcome can serve as a benchmark or guideline for training facilities equipped with the LEV system to prioritize safety and health.
Numerical Study of Thermal-Hydraulic Performance of Forced Convection Heat Transfer in Dimple Surface Pipe with Different Shapes using Commercial CFD Code
Authors: Ahmed Ali Sarmad , Barrak Elaf Sadeq , Alrikaby Nour Jamil , Hameed Mohanad Ramadhan
Published: December 2024

Various technologies have been used, including a regular tube with the inclusion of dimples, which are widely used to enhance the thermo-hydraulic performance of engineering applications. A numerical analysis involving this work of the thermo-hydraulic performance of water flow in a scarred pipe. By numerical solution using the Ansys Fluent 2023 R2 program to model the flow through the pipe, the effect of different dimple shapes (square, circular, and triangle) has been studied. The finite volume method identified a new enhancement model that makes use of composite-form surface techniques. To assess the effect of scarring on the field of velocity and turbulent flow, the continuity, momentum, and heat energy equation represented by the three-dimensional governing differential equations was studied using the k-epsilon flow model for the Reynolds number range of (3500-7000). The numerical results indicated the dimple surface of the pipe significantly improves the heat transfer rate and also increases the friction factor compared to the smooth pipe without dimple. Percentage (12.808, 17.987, and 20.978%) of the increase in heat transfer rate enhancement (Nusselt number) for the three dimple shapes of the pipe (square, circular, and Triangle) respectively, moreover dimpled pipe has a higher coefficient of friction compared to the normal pipe.
Numerical Boundary Layer Solution of Ferrofluid Over a Horizontal Flat Plate with Passive Control Boundary Condition
Authors: Vithyasangaran Kumarasamy , Md Sarif Norhafizah , Mohamed Muhammad Khairul Anuar , Muthuvalu Mohana Sundaram
Published: December 2024

Numerical solution of ferrofluid over a flat plate is analysed in this study. An external magnetic field is applied in the transverse direction to the flat plate. For this purpose, magnetite (Fe3O4) as a ferroparticle and water as a base fluid are considered. A boundary condition is applied with the assumption that there is no nanoparticle flux at the surface. The nanoparticle volume fraction on the boundary is passive control rather than active. The governing equations which are non-linear partial differential equation are converted into linear by using similarity transformation and then are solved numerically by using Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method. The obtained results of this studied are compared to regular fluid without magnetic effect and normal boundary condition where the results show good agreement. With the numerical results, the effects of volume fraction of solid ferroparticles, magnetic parameter, Lewis number, thermophoresis parameter and Brownian motion on the velocity, temperature and volume concentration were discussed. It is found based on the results, the velocity decreases and the temperature increase with the increment of volume fraction of solid ferroparticles. Moreover, increasing thermophoresis leads to the increment in the temperature and the nanoparticle volume concentration.
Calculating the Operating Temperature and Efficiency of Photovoltaic Panels in Vietnamese Conditions
Authors: Dang Van Binh , Pham Quang Vu , Pham Manh-Hai
Published: December 2024

The efficiency of photovoltaic panels depends heavily on their operating temperature. Typically, this temperature is evaluated under steady-state conditions, which may not fully capture real-world performance. In this study, we calculated the operating temperature of photovoltaic panels under dynamic, unstable conditions using the energy balance method. Environmental data, including ambient temperature and wind speed, were sourced from the hottest days of 2023 in Hanoi, Danang, and Ho Chi Minh City. At solar irradiance levels of 600, 800, and 1000 W/m², the operating temperature increased by 9.6 K, 8.3 K, and 3.8 K, respectively, leading to lower conversion efficiencies to the manufacturer's nominal values. These findings emphasize the importance of considering real-world, dynamic conditions when evaluating the performance of photovoltaic systems.
Influence of Sophisticated Post-Injection Strategy and Oxygenated Fuel Blends on PM Characteristics and Improvement in Soot Oxidation Reactivity in Diesel Engine
Authors: Fayad Mohammed Ali , Abed Azher Mouhsen , Ali Hussain Hussain , Mohammed Asifa , Bassim Al-Baghdadi Shaimaa , Rahman Mahdi Raghad , Omran Salman Hussien , Badawy Tawfik
Published: December 2024

Multiple injections strategy have been commonly effective technique applied in engines to reduce the exhaust emissions and management of exhaust catalyst systems. The effect of post-injection strategy (PIS) on soot characteristics and emissions in compression ignition (CI) diesel engine operating with oxygenated fuels (B100, B20 and B16) was experimentally studied in this study. In addition, the effect of PIS and oxygenated fuels properties on emissions, oxidation reactivity and nanostructure of soot emissions are studied and analysed. It is indicated that the PIS increase the emissions of CO and THC, while the NOX emissions slightly decreased for all fuels. Furthermore, the NOX emissions decreased by 12.6% from the effects of PIS and oxygenated fuels in comparison with diesel. The oxygenated fuels enhance the oxidation reactivity of soot emission to be faster than to the diesel. The nanostructure of soot formation generated from oxygenated fuel showed disorder shape in graphen layers of soot emissions in comparison with diesel. Furthermore, the internal structure of soot emission indicated that more space between graphen layers and hollow in case of oxygenated fuels which result in easier oxidation compared to the diesel. For all fuels, B16 presented attractive results in reduction NOX and soot characteristics for both size and nanostructure compared to the other fuels.
The Use of Monofilament Fibre Reinforcement Concrete in Improving Soil-Cement Columns
Authors: Mohmad Shariff Mohamad Shakri , Tan Yu Jie , Hafez Mohamed Ahmed , Abdul Taha Nazaruddin
Published: December 2024

This study examines the improvement of soil characteristics through the incorporation of fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) into soil-cement columns. The study involves a detailed examination of the physical and mechanical properties of soil, highlighting the influence of different compositions of FRC and cement and clay combinations on soil stability. The approach comprises two categories of tests: physical property testing to ascertain the natural characteristics and behaviour of soil, and mechanical property testing, which primarily evaluates the impact of FRC on soil-cement columns. The shear box test and the unconfined compression test (UCT) were performed to achieve these aims. A series of mixtures was conducted to examine the behaviour of the FRC-cement column with varying cement and fibre contents. This study employs two stabilisers: cement and FRC. Cement compositions of 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% were utilised. Each mixture was subsequently amalgamated with differing proportions of FRC to enhance the composite's characteristics: the 90% clay and 10% cement mixture was integrated with 0.5% FRC; the 85% clay and 15% cement mixture with 1.0% FRC; the 80% clay and 20% cement mixture with 1.5% FRC; and the 75% clay and 25% cement mixture with 2.0% FRC. The shear box test and UCT test were performed on the cement column samples both with and without FRC inclusions after 14 and 28 days of cure. The findings demonstrated that the incorporation of FRC in both uncemented and cement-stabilised soil enhanced the unconfined compressive strength and axial strain at failure, transforming the brittle behaviour of cement-stabilised soil into a more ductile behaviour. The UCT test indicates that a mixture of 20% cement and 1.5% FRC can enhance compression strength to 3005.00 kPa after a 28-day curing period. The shear strength similarly increased, with the identical mixture yielding a measured value of 2065.3 kPa after a 28-day curing time. The mechanical properties of the soil-cement-fibre combinations were enhanced through the utilisation of FRC.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Epicondylitis
Authors: Seferoğlu Buminhan , Taş Nurmuhammet
Published: December 2024

Aim: Though there is strong evidence connecting vitamin D deficiency to several health problems, such as diabetes mellitus, infections, autoimmune and endocrine diseases, cancer, and increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, studies examining the connection between vitamin D deficiency and epicondylitis are rare. The purpose of this study was to see if low vitamin D levels and epicondylitis were linked.
Material and Method: A total of 410 patients presented with the complaint of elbow pain and whose 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) levels were evaluated. The files of 205 patients diagnosed with medial or lateral epicondylitis by physical examination and 205 controls not considered to have medial or lateral epicondylitis were reviewed retrospectively. Vitamin D levels were measured using 25(OH)D levels.
Results: Vitamin D levels were considerably lower (p<.001) in the epicondylitis group.
Conclusion: It is unclear precisely what causes epicondylitis, but the fact that our study's participants had much lower vitamin D levels raises the possibility that low vitamin D is one of the causes. More research is needed to understand how vitamin D levels may contribute to the etiology of epicondylitis in general.
Rusça Turizm Söyleminde Metafor
Authors: Erdoğan Yaşarsoy Hanife
Published: December 2024

Turizm söyleminde metaforlar, destinasyonları tanıtmak ve ziyaretçilere cazip hale getirmek amacıyla dikkat çekmek ve etkileyici olmak için kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmamızın temel çıkış noktasını da Rusça turizm söyleminde metafor örnekleri oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada Rusça turizm söyleminde metaforik kullanımların incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda “Rusya’da Tatil” (Отдых в России) adlı derginin son beş sayısı (No:117, 116, 115, 114, 113) incelenerek turizm söylemine dair metaforik örnekler derlenmiştir. Özellikle bu derginin seçilmesinin sebebi Rusya’ya ait yerel tatil destinasyonlarına yer verilmesi ve dolayısıyla o coğrafyaya dair metaforik kullanımlara dikkat çekme isteğidir. Araştırma sonucunda metaforların Rus turizm söyleminde özellikle doğal güzelliklerin, kültürel zenginliklerin ve yerel tarihi özelliklerin vurgulanmasında öne çıktığı belirlenmiştir. Yapılan incelemede, metaforların yerel mutfak ve gastronominin tanıtımında da önemli bir rol oynadığı; ayrıca, Rus turizm söylemindeki bazı metaforlar Türk turizm söyleminde kullanılanlarla benzerlik gösterdiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışmada betimleyici-analitik yöntem kullanılmıştır.
« Arbori-culture » : une typologie des « arbres » dans la culture phylogénétique
Authors: Lecointre Guillaume
Published: December 2024

Le mot « arbre » est une métaphore qui embrasse une diversité considérable de graphes, de figures, d’intentions, de significations, et même de niveaux épistémologiques, si bien qu’une confusion règne. Tous les arbres ne sont pas comparables entre eux. Nous distinguons dans l’emploi des arbres le niveau mathématique (graphe connexe non cyclique orienté), le niveau théorique, le niveau empirique et enfin le niveau synthétique. Le niveau théorique, adjoint aux outils du niveau mathématique et aux données, forment ensemble la démarche empirique de l’investigation phylogénétique. La synthèse des arbres ainsi empiriquement obtenus constitue le niveau synthétique. Nous produisons une typologie des arbres produits depuis Darwin en fonction du type de donnée portée aux nœuds d’une part, et celui porté par les liens (les « branches ») d’autre part. Cette typologie en 9 classes permet de mieux cerner une définition moderne de ce qu’est une phylogénie.
Introduction générale aux méthodes comparatives phylogénétiques
Authors: Desdevises Yves
Published: December 2024

La méthode comparative phylogénétique (PCM pour Phylogenetic Comparative Method ) est maintenant un outil classique en biologie de l’évolution, où son utilisation est allée croissant depuis le début des années 1980. Cela se matérialise par la diversité d’approches disponibles actuellement. Cet article explique brièvement les concepts et utilisations des PCM principales, en tant que méthodes d’analyse des relations entre traits phénotypiques, ou entre phénotype et environnement, dans un ensemble d’espèces liées par leurs relations phylogénétiques dont la prise en compte est au cœur des PCM. Seul le cas des variables quantitatives est abordé ici. Les deux grands types d’approches, avec ou sans prise en compte d’un modèle explicite d’évolution phénotypique, sont présentés, en particulier la méthode des contrastes indépendants, la régression phylogénétique des moindres carrés généralisés, ou PGLS ( Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares ) et la PVR ( Phylogenetic Eigenvector Regression ). Le futur des PCM verra sans doute une incorporation toujours plus grande des méthodes bayésiennes, et la prise en compte de modèles évolutifs de plus en plus complexes, parfois tenant compte simultanément de plusieurs arbres phylogénétiques.
La musicothérapie en unités de soins palliatifs
Authors: Léon Jaqueline
Published: December 2024

La musicothérapie en unités de soins palliatifs : quand la musique adoucit les maux, quand la musique remplace les mots… – Depuis 2015, des séances de musicothé– rapie sont proposées aux patients hospitalisés dans les unités de soins palliatifs des HUG. Deux musicothé– rapeutes formées et certifiées par le diplôme fédéral d’« Art–thérapeute spécialisation musicothérapie » se partagent un poste à 60 %. Cet article permet de définir la musicothérapie, décrire les possibilités d’action de cette méthode auprès de patients hospitalisés en unités de soins palliatifs et expliciter les objectifs visés et effets obtenus par ces pratiques. Il est également question de l’importance de l’environnement sonore du patient et des soignants, ainsi que l’inclusion des proches/familles dans le processus thérapeutique. Enfin, trois récits de séances viendront illustrer cette partie théorique.
A continuous-time network evolution model describing $ N $-interactions
Authors: Fazekas István , Barta Attila , Fórián László , Porvázsnyik Bettina
Published: December 2024

We have introduced a new continuous-time network evolution model. We have described cooperation, so we have considered the cliques of nodes. The evolution of the network was based on cliques of nodes of the network and was governed by a branching process. The basic properties of the evolution process were described. Asymptotic theorems were proved for the number of cliques having a fixed size and the degree of a fixed node. The generating function was calculated, and then the probability of extinction was obtained. For the proof, advanced results of multi-type branching processes were used. Besides precise mathematical proofs, simulation examples also supported our results.
A novel class of fourth-order derivative-free iterative methods to obtain multiple zeros and their basins of attraction
Authors: Kansal Munish , Sharma Vanita , Rani Litika , Jäntschi Lorentz
Published: December 2024

This article proposed a novel fourth-order class based on weight functions to locate multiple roots numerically, which did not require the evaluation of derivatives at any stage of computation. For particular instances of a multiplicity of zeros, the theoretical convergence behavior of the proposed family has been proven to be symmetrical. This inspired us to show the general results which endorsed the convergence order of the suggested scheme. In addition, some special cases were introduced by using different weight functions. The basins of attraction of the proposed techniques for various parametric values in the complex plane were showcased to verify the stability and convergence features. Finally, we have included a range of problems like Planck's radiation law, the Van der Waals equation, the trajectory of an electron, and a few academic problems. Numerical analyses were performed and compared with other existing algorithms to verify the efficacy and applicability of the proposed techniques.
The market impact of leveraged ETFs: A Survey of the literature
Authors: Lenkey Stephen L.
Published: December 2024

I survey the literature related to the potential for leveraged and inverse ETFs to influence late-day asset prices. The literature consistently reports statistically significant associations between ETF rebalancing demand and late-day returns and volatility. However, most of the available papers suffer from potentially serious methodological errors, and the economic associations appear to be insignificant. Moreover, the broader literature suggests that the market provides enough liquidity to satisfy LETF rebalancing demand with an insignificant degradation of market quality. Despite the potential for LETF rebalancing to affect late-day market conditions, concerns raised by policymakers and others are not supported by the overall empirical evidence.
Images of Peoples: Two 19th-Century “Ethnographies” of the Habsburg Empire
Authors: Slavec Gradišnik Ingrid
Published: December 2024

In the large-scale book editions on peoples and nations of the multi-ethnic Habsburg Empire during the 19th century, ethnographic topics were often addressed in connection with the pragmatic needs of state administration. Some works adhered to the “land and people” framework, presenting the Empire’s diversity from the perspective of “diversity in unity.” This ideology also underpinned “statistical ethnography,” as exemplified by the works of Karl von Czoernig and Adolf Ficker, which are discussed in this article. These works explicitly engaged with the issue of (multiple) nationalities within a single state, illustrating the close interconnection between science and politics in this context.
Who Are You and Who Are We? Gaze and Identity in Bling Empire
Authors: Koo So Young
Published: December 2024

The twenty-first century saw a rise in popularity and interest in East Asian cultural and media products. First created for the local audience, they are now disseminated globally, carrying with them the cultural and identity conflicts of their respective societies. Netflix’s Bling Empire makes a similar journey as the first US reality TV series with an all-Asian main cast. The cast is mostly East Asian whose narrative centers on the ideas of movement and diaspora reflecting the journey of cultures and ideas across national borders. While this journey allows for an increased understanding of cross-cultural influences, cultural nuances are often lost. Bling Empire foregrounds exaggerated caricatures of Asian Americanness and instead globally circulates surface-y stereotypes. The inability to fully grasp the cultural insight necessary to understand these cultural and media products is a further commentary on the danger of “glocal” products of the twenty-first century.
Netflix’s Bling Empire embodies seemingly contrasting American and Asian experiences in the United States. Inspired by Laura Mulvey’s theory of the male gaze, this essay attempts to analyze how the gaze functions in the identity-making of the cast members as they interact in the construction and reception of the series. While unified in their expression of material wealth, the cast members range from immigrant to Asian American to adoptee experiences. The varying backgrounds of the cast members reflect existing structures of real-world cultural interactions. The series weaves very personal struggles of marriage, family, infertility, and relationships to the heightened awareness of the gaze cues. Therefore, the gaze helps to explain the internalized external gaze cues the cast members, and by extension the audience, must negotiate in the understanding of their constructed world.
At the speed of light: Toward a quantum-deterministic description?
Authors: Silverberg Larry M. , Eischen Jeffrey W. , Whaley Charles (Chip) B.
Published: December 2024

We examine the quantum-deterministic hypothesis that subatomic bodies consist of an immense number of primitives (particles or fragments of energy) traveling at or near the speed of light. Drawing on the well-proven principle of light and principle of impetus for the deterministic theories,
we setup corresponding principles that govern interactions between primitives. Then, we studied the stability of a variety of structures formed from the primitives. One of the primitives for which we present preliminary results has similarities to the photon. These findings suggest a possible
relationship between quantum-deterministic and quantum-statistical models and likenesses noticed across realms that we now see as different.
A Planck scale theory of time, with a fast early cosmological time rate, and rederivations for relativistic energy and time dilation
Authors: Kerr J. M.
Published: December 2024

Among the issues to be resolved between general relativity and quantum mechanics are their differences about time. Block time has been weakened in two areas of its foundations recently: The small-scale reversibility has been falsified by experiments in quantum processes, and spacetime
is now widely seen as emerging from unknown physics, rather than fundamental. This leaves room for differences to the nature of time. Here a theory of time is set out, in which light and matter arise in the small-scale structure of space, as waves in the dimensions themselves, traveling on
the axes. It reinterprets special relativity, with two rederivations. The reasoning that led to block time, such as Penrose's version with three objects in one frame, is removed via a difference to frames that usually has no effect—the two observers are related to the event separately,
as their relationships to it imply different, incompatible, positionings for the axes. This also leads to an explanation for light always moving at the same speed in relation to matter: With several objects moving differently, each is related to the light beam separately. In cosmology, new
data suggest galaxies formed earlier than expected, with higher masses. And even earlier, inflation and variable speed of light theories both describe extremely rapid events. Planck scale time (PST) theory includes a specific mechanism for an overall time rate, which starts fast, then slows
over time, and is consistent with supernova and gamma ray burst data. This allows galaxies more time to form, and in PST all matter's mass‐energy descends with the time rate (proportional time and energy changes in a gravitational field can be taken in the same way). This can also explain
the “downsizing” sequence in galaxy formation, first described in 1996, in which stars in more massive galaxies formed earlier and quicker.
Empirical falsification of Einstein’s special relativity (SR) and general relativity (GR) by an experiment that compares three frames of reference
Authors: Ziefle Reiner Georg
Published: December 2024

Einstein defined time as the length of the light path divided by the speed of light. According to this definition, time can only change if either the length of the light path or the speed of light changes. Einstein replaced this objective mathematical truth with his idea that not only
is the speed of light constant but also the length of the light path, so Einstein was able to define a constant proper time t 0 in all frames of reference. However, treating distances as constant contradicts the physical definition of motion. Therefore, Einstein’s relativity
not only violates mathematical and physical rules but also violates logical rules when it claims that the reason why clocks measure different times is that all clocks measure the same time t 0. Einstein’s physical half-truth, which makes a false statement about the
lengths of light paths, which cannot be constant, leads to contradictions with reality, which Einstein compensated for by mathematical corrections. This inevitably led to a mathematical pseudoreality that is described by theoretical physics according to Einstein’s idea. However, Einstein’s
principle of relativity cannot be mathematically manipulated. If we compare at least three reference frames, we obtain contradictory results for the kinematic and gravitational time dilation. In this case, e.g., the paradox arises that an atomic clock must be able to count forward and backward
at the same time. Comparing only two frames of reference, the proper time t 0 can be arbitrarily assigned to each of the two frames of reference without contradictions occurring. However, if an experimental setup is always chosen in such a way that at most two frames of reference
are compared, and so Einstein’s relativity cannot be falsified, a systematic error is applied, and the experiment is scientifically worthless as far as the confirmation of Einstein’s relativistic SR and GR is concerned.
On the gravity dynamics of objects in space and time
Authors: Kang Ning bo
Published: December 2024

Existing theories of gravity encompass Newton's law of universal gravitation and Einstein's general relativity; however, they fail to fully elucidate the nature of gravity and the mechanisms by which it influences the motion of objects. This article presents a new gravitational theory
model proposed by the author, introducing the concept of gravitational line flux. By employing mathematical methods such as Gauss's theorem and Stokes's theorem, the study investigates how variations in gravitational flux through a closed spatial surface affect the motion of objects. The following
laws are proposed: (1) The gravitational flux through a closed surface is directly proportional to the mass m of the enclosed celestial body. (2) Changes in gravitational flux through a semiclosed surface in the direction of an object's motion alter the object's motion state in space,
while concurrently, the object's motion induces variations in the gravitational flux through the surface. (3) The time variation increment of gravitational flux through a semiclosed surface in the direction of the object's motion is proportional to the object's acceleration. Furthermore, the
motion equations of gravitational fields for celestial bodies or matter in local inertial and noninertial frames are derived.
Einstein's transfer of inertia and dark matter
Authors: Taylor Emory , Iyer Rajan
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the discontinuous energy fields-field, which is the replacement for spacetime in discontinuum physics, the conservation of the absorption and emission process discontinuity, of Bohr's atomic model, as an emitted electromagnetic radiation discontinuity, and Einstein's
theory that electromagnetic radiation transfers inertia from an emitting body to an absorbing body leads to a dark, nonordinary matter that has the property of gravity.
Use of Waste Marble to Produce Sustainable Mortar and Concrete
Authors: Meena Ram Vilas , Beniwal Ankit Singh , Gupta Ghanshyam , Akaram Mohmmad , Kumar Ajay
Published: December 2024

Marble stones are natural rocks that demonstrate special texture, unique patterns and vibrant colour. They are durable and tough, and, hence can be simply formed into several sizes and shape; to be utilized as floor decorative and cladding purpose. An enormous amount of non-biodegradable trash is produced during the mining and processing of dimensional stones like marble. Since it disrupts the ecology in so many ways, this has become a serious issue over time. Finding a method to securely dispose of or reuse marble waste is thus important. There are studies showing that this discarded can be utilized in replacement of conventional building materials. The present review paper investigates the influence of waste marble stone on workability, mechanical and durability characteristics when utilized as partial to full substitution in type of mortar and concrete mixtures. The concluded review of the literature, waste marble stone partial replacement of cement, and partial and full substitution of fine and coarse aggregate has been used to produce mortar and concrete.
Utilization of Waste Marble Slurry Along With Construction and Demolition Waste in Concrete
Authors: Meena Ram Vilas , Gupta Swikrit , Beniwal Ankit Singh , Kumar Ajay
Published: December 2024

In this current study investigates the possibility of construction demolish waste (CDW) and waste marble slurry (WMS) as a coarse aggregate (20mm) and cement in the making of concrete. CDW added in (0% to 30% at interval of 10%), and WMS used in (0% to 30% at interval of 10%) to make the concrete blends. Total of four blends was cast including control mixture, and three mixtures for combined use of WMS and CDW. Workability, water absorption, and mechanical strength tests were performed to judge the performance of concrete prepared with WMS and CDW. With WMS and CDW, the workability of concrete was decreased, although within acceptable limits as per the Indian standard code. Concrete blend prepared with combined used of 10% WMS and 10% CDW (i.e. M10C10 blend) displayed maximum compressive and split tensile strength (STS). The results suggested the optimum use of CDW up to 10% and WMS up to 10% as a coarse aggregate and cement replacement in concrete.
Renewable Energy Outlook in India
Authors: Sivakumar N. , Arulmurugan R. , Mahendran S.
Published: December 2024

Significant rises in the renewable energy generation in all over the world. The solar energy plays a particular role to generate electricity in recent times all over the world and in an India. Though solar energy transition is very much important for environment prospects. Even some challenges were encountered while increasing the renewable penetration in the modern grid system. This article discuss various scheme initiated by government and trends of Indian energy transition. During the last couple of decades, there has been a significant increase in the installation of renewable energy source worldwide. According to international renewable energy agency India is ranked fifth in the list with installed capacity of renewable energy 117.955 GW power. In this article discussed grid connected rooftop scheme, analysis of solar PV system, and production linked incentive scheme, etc.
Significance of AI/ML Wearable Technologies for Education and Teaching
Authors: Mitra Uddalak , Rehman Shafiq Ul
Published: December 2024

The rise of wearable technologies has transformed how we interact with the world around us. This chapter explores the exciting potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to further enhance wearables for education and teaching. By integrating AI and ML, wearable devices can evolve from simple data collectors to intelligent assistants that personalize learning, improve student engagement, and empower educators. We will delve into the core concepts of AI and ML, their role in wearable technology, and how they can be harnessed to create a more dynamic and effective learning environment. This chapter will explore specific applications of AI-powered wearables in education, analyze the benefits for both teachers and students, and address potential challenges and considerations for responsible implementation.
Harnessing AI and Machine Learning to Elevate Educational Wearable Technology
Authors: Lateef Marwah
Published: December 2024

Abstract The prime motive for this chapter is to perform an extensive analysis on smartly how AI along with ML can be incorporated in wearable technologies that will prove to be beneficial for educational practices. This chapter seeks to: Help Improve Understanding, Drive Best Practices, Encourage Inclusivity, Submission of Technical Challenges, Ethical and Customary, Explore Future Directions. Through meeting these objectives, this chapter is intended to help shed light on the broader implications of technology-enhanced learning and offer practical advice for educators, technologists, and policy makers that wish to leverage AI and ML to support more efficient teaching and better learning experiences.
Engaging Minds
Authors: Rahiman Habeeb Ur , Kodikal Rashmi , Mehnaz Fathima , R. G. Gaman
Published: December 2024

The research paper examines the importance of gamified education system and relationship between elements, features and experiences of wearable devices in gamified education system though user motivation and engagement on learning outcomes and experience. The study administered structural equation model to identify the relationship between these variables. To reach the objective the of the research, the study applied various statistical techniques such as factor analysis, Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO), Bartlett's test, correlation and regression analysis, descriptive statistics. The outcome of the result indicated significant relation between these variables on study outcomes and student engagement. The study highlighted the importance of gamification in the higher education by embedding in to learning management system. The technicality of the study notified the role of the gamified element, and its features significantly contributed to the student's engagement and learning and assessment.
Impact of Calcium Hydroxide Particle Size on the Intracanal Medicament Penetration Efficacy
Authors: Sidiqa Atia Nurul , Afidi Achdi , Suntana Mutiara Sukma , Zakaria Myrna Nurlatifah , Joni I Made , Maskoen Ani Melani
Published: December 2024

Calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH)2) is an intracanal medicament used as a disinfectant in cases of tooth inflammation with ad dubia prognosis. The success of root canal treatment depends on the ability of intracanal medicaments to eliminate pathogenic bacteria present in the walls of narrow and complex root canals by releasing calcium and hydroxyl ions at the closest contacts. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of particle size on the ability to penetrate Ca (OH)2 in the coronal, middle, and apical root canals. Fifteen mandibular premolars extracted for orthodontic and periodontal purposes were collected and cut to produce root canals with a length of 12 cm. The root canals were then prepared with a Protaper SX-F3 needle and irrigated using a solution of 2.5% NaOCl, NaCl, and 17% EDTA as lubrication at each needle change. Ca (OH)2 with different particle sizes in paste form was manipulated with distilled water at a concentration of 0.8 g/mL then the paste was applied to the prepared tooth root canals and covered with a temporary filling. The samples were then stored in an incubator at 37 °C for 7 days. Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was performed on the transverse surfaces of the coronal 1/3, middle 1/3 and apical 1/3 of the tooth. The maximum penetration depth was evaluated by measuring the maximum distance between the dentin canal wall and Ca (OH)2 present in the dentinal tubules. In all three zones, the Ca (OH)₂ nanoparticles had a greater penetration depth than the Ca (OH)₂ nanoparticles (P<0.001). In both groups, the penetration depth increased from the apical to the coronal section. All differences in the penetration test ability of the Ca (OH)₂ nanoparticles and Ca (OH)₂ microparticles at all depths of the surface. Ca (OH)₂ nanoparticles penetrate deeper into the dentinal tubules than Ca (OH)₂ microparticles do.
Crystallization of Rice Husk Produced Silica and Silicon Carbide
Authors: Hien Tran Thi Thu , Long Nguyen Sy
Published: December 2024

Vietnam is one of the largest rice producers in Southeast Asia, generating substantial quantities of rice husk as a by-product of rice milling. Currently, rice husk is predominantly disposed of as agricultural waste. This study investigates the utilization of rice husk to synthesize silicon carbide (SiC) and crystal silica (SiO2). The device for the experiment was built by the authors with simple accessories. SiC and crystal SiO2 from rice husk were synthesized successfully at low temperatures compared to a chemical reaction of silica reduced by carbon. The research outlines the production conditions for achieving a little SiC from recycled rice husk and explores potential development pathways for applying this technology in structural and material manufacturing industries. The characterization of the synthesized SiC was measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles Coated with Chitosan for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Albutt Naphat , Sonsupup Somchai , Sinprachim Tanayt , Thonglor Panakamon
Published: December 2024

Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles have garnered significant attention in biomedicine due to their distinctive magnetic properties, biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization for diverse applications. In this study, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized via the co-precipitation method, followed by the synthesis of a SiO₂ coating on Fe₃O₄ (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂) and an amino group coating on Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ (Fe₃O₄@SiO2_NH2) before chitosan coating. Chitosan concentration was varied at 1% and 5% to improve their stability and biocompatibility. Characterization of the nanoparticles was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDXS). XRD analysis confirmed that the synthesized nanoparticles were magnetite (Fe₃O₄), while FTIR confirmed the presence of -OH and -NH₂ functional groups, which increased after coating with a chitosan layer on the magnetite surface. SEM/EDX analysis revealed that the average diameter of the uncoated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was approximately 12 nm, and EDX analysis indicated the presence of sodium after coating with chitosan. Using chitosan as a coating material enhanced the biocompatibility, stability, and functional versatility of the nanoparticles. The results demonstrated the successful coating of chitosan on the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, which retained their superparamagnetic properties, making them promising candidates for drug delivery applications.
Investigating the Effect of Utilizing a Sustainable Stabilizer as a Partial Replacement of Cement on Soil Compressibility and Permeability
Authors: Al-Adhadh Ahmed Raad , Nik Daud Nik Norsyahariati , Yusuf Badronnisa , Al-Rkaby Alaa Hussein
Published: December 2024

Desert soils present some issues that need improvement. Some of these are high permeability and collapsibility potential. These problems are due to the uniform particle size distribution and the lack of particle edges. Soil improvement is required to mitigate these issues. Cement is widely used for soil stabilization but has environmental issues since it is a significant source of CO2 emissions and requires high energy consumption. In this study, the calcined shale material is utilized as a partial replacement for cement to reduce the permeability and compressibility of soils more sustainably. The study considers three cement doses of 5%, 10%, and 15% and four calcined shale percentages of 10, 30, 50, and 70%. A series of falling head permeability and one-dimensional consolidation tests were conducted to examine the performance of cement and calcined shale as stabilizers. The results of the study indicate that the addition of 30% calcined shale as a partial replacement of cement has the most significant effect on the conductivity and compressibility of the soils. An increase in cement content decreases the permeability and compressibility of the soil due to the hydration of cement. Conversely, the conductivity and consolidation of the soil are initially decreased with an increase in the calcined shale up to 30% and then start to increase. In summary, this study reveals that the presence of CS and cement has a substantial effect on the conductivity and compressibility of the soils.
Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) Activated Carbon as Promising Electrode Materials for Battery
Authors: Pangestu Utomo Yogi Mirza , Risnawati Risnawati , Rohimsyah Fikan Mubarok , Tominaga Masato , Kurniawan Fredy , Astuti Widi , Ismail Andi Idhil , Triana Yunita
Published: December 2024

Due to its abundant availability and classification as biomass, the focus in renewable energy is currently centred on the use of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) as an alternative material for carbon production that can be used in many applications, one of which is batteries. The type of battery that is trying to use is a primary battery. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of different concentrations of NaOH activation and immersion time on OPEFB activated carbon by analyzing the result of surface area, morphology, and electrical properties. The study found that 1 M NaOH concentration and an 18-hour immersion time were optimal, producing a surface area of 281.96 m²/g and a voltage of 0.785 V. These findings align with and contribute to existing research on biomass utilization in energy storage, demonstrating the potential of OPEFB-activated carbon in battery applications and highlighting the significance of further research in this area to enhance battery performance and scalability.
Development of Low-Thermal Emissivity Coating Using Aluminum Particles
Authors: Kitisatorn Wanlop , Pongmuksuwan Pornlada
Published: December 2024

In this study, low-thermal emissivity coatings were developed using aluminum leafing particles dispersed in an acrylic binder. The aluminum particles were modified through a ball milling process to enhance their leafing properties, with milling times ranging from 5 to 15 h. The effects of milling time on particle size, morphology, and leafing degree were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser diffraction analysis. Coatings with different particle volume concentrations (PVC) and thickener contents were prepared, and their thermal emissivity was evaluated. Results showed that milling time significantly affected the leafing behavior of the aluminum particles, with longer milling times leading to improved dispersion and lower emissivity values. The addition of a thickener enhanced particle distribution, but excessive concentrations resulted in void formation due to hindered solvent evaporation. The lowest thermal emissivity was achieved at a milling time of 15 hours and 10% PVC, providing valuable insights for the design of effective low-emissivity coatings for thermal management applications.
Effect of Slenderness Ratio on the Behavior of RC Bearing Walls under Fire Exposure
Authors: Assad Maha , Hawileh Rami , Karaki Ghada , Abdallah Jamal A.
Published: December 2024

Reinforced concrete (RC) bearing walls are commonly used in building structures to resist axial and lateral loads. Therefore, their ability to withstand loads when exposed to fire is important. The behavior of RC walls under fire exposure is affected by various factors, such as slenderness ratio, concrete strength and composition, and axial load. This paper investigates the effect of slenderness ratio on the structural performance of RC walls subjected to fire. A series of numerical simulations were conducted on RC walls with different slenderness ratios. The simulations are performed on a three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model, after validating its thermal and structural behavior using previously published experimental data. The walls were exposed to standard fire curves (ISO834) on one side. The thermal and structural response of the walls were assessed in terms of axial deformations, out-of-plane deformations, and fire resistance. The results showed that slenderness ratio had a significant influence on the fire behavior of RC walls. The walls with higher slenderness ratios exhibited higher temperature gradients and larger deflections compared to the walls with lower slenderness ratios. Moreover, the fire resistance of the walls was significantly reduced when the slenderness ratio was increased.
Study of Localization-Delocalization Transition of Light in Photonic Moiré Lattices Fabricated with Saturable Nonlinear Materials
Authors: Ngo Trong Dat , Duong Chinh Cuong , Nguyen Luong Thien , Nguyen Thanh Luan , Nguyen Duc Anh Quan , Nguyen Viet Hung
Published: December 2024

Recently, Moiré lattices have received much attention from physicists and materials scientists. These structures have opened the door to the exploration of numerous physical phenomena such as superconductivity, the commensurate-incommensurate transition, the appearance of quasicrystals at special rotation angles, or the two-dimensional localization-delocalization transition of light in linear systems. In this study, we propose photonic Moiré lattices induced by saturable nonlinear materials. After performing numerical simulations, it is observed that there exists a transition between delocalized and localized formation of laser beams under different geometrical conditions, commensurate and incommensurate lattices. The results suggest that Moiré lattices with their compactness and tunability would be utilized to control the light patterns in integrated optical devices.
Isolated absent pulmonary valve with intact ventricular septum in a young child: A rare case report
Authors: Singh Damandeep , Mukherjee Aprateem , Kumar Sanjeev , Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian
Published: December 2024

Absent pulmonary valve syndrome, commonly linked with tetralogy of Fallot and ventricular septal defect, is a rare congenital condition. It is exceedingly rare to have an isolated absent pulmonary valve with an intact ventricular septum without cardiovascular shunt lesions, such as an atrial/ventricular septal defect or patent ductus arteriosus. This report presents a case of such rarity involving a young child with recurrent lower respiratory tract infections.