bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slant Perception Under Stereomicroscopy
Authors: Horvath Samantha , Macdonald Kori , Galeotti John , Klatzky Roberta L.
Published: August 2017

Objective

These studies used threshold and slant-matching tasks to assess and quantitatively measure human perception of 3-D planar images viewed through a stereomicroscope. The results are intended for use in developing augmented-reality surgical aids.

Background

Substantial research demonstrates that slant perception is performed with high accuracy from monocular and binocular cues, but less research concerns the effects of magnification. Viewing through a microscope affects the utility of monocular and stereo slant cues, but its impact is as yet unknown.

Method

Participants performed in a threshold slant-detection task and matched the slant of a tool to a surface. Different stimuli and monocular versus binocular viewing conditions were implemented to isolate stereo cues alone, stereo with perspective cues, accommodation cue only, and cues intrinsic to optical-coherence-tomography images.

Results

At magnification of 5x, slant thresholds with stimuli providing stereo cues approximated those reported for direct viewing, about 12°. Most participants (75%) who passed a stereoacuity pretest could match a tool to the slant of a surface viewed with stereo at 5x magnification, with mean compressive error of about 20% for optimized surfaces. Slant matching to optical coherence tomography images of the cornea viewed under the microscope was also demonstrated.

Conclusion

Despite the distortions and cue loss introduced by viewing under the stereomicroscope, most participants were able to detect and interact with slanted surfaces.

Application

The experiments demonstrated sensitivity to surface slant that supports the development of augmented-reality systems to aid microscope-aided surgery.
The Enduring Relevance of the Developmental State Paradigm Across Space and Time: Lessons for Africa on Structural Transformation and Agriculture in Oil-Rich Contexts
Authors: Ikpe Eka
Published: August 2017

Emerging economies have recently faced commodity price declines that reinforce the instability of natural resources as a basis for socio-economic transformation. This has re-energised arguments for industrialisation as necessary for such transitions. Drawing upon classical development economics theory, this paper offers a deployment of an enhanced developmental state paradigm (DSP) that highlights the roles of agriculture and mineral resources in the pursuit of industrial progress. This application of the DSP has its basis in narratives on Asian developmental states, with a focus on mineral resource endowment. Employed with reference to Africa’s key emerging economy and net petroleum exporter, Nigeria, the DSP shows how the state, influenced by significant milieus, has enabled linkages between oil and agriculture that can drive industrial transformation. The paper finds that linkages between oil and agriculture are well established; however, economic, social and political influences on the state have engendered agriculture’s limited onward contribution to structural change.
Post-Retained Single Crowns versus Fixed Dental Prostheses: A 7-Year Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Ferrari M. , Sorrentino R. , Juloski J. , Grandini S. , Carrabba M. , Discepoli N. , Ferrari Cagidiaco E.
Published: August 2017

Biomechanical integrity of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) is often compromised. Degree of hard tissue loss and type of final prosthetic restoration should be carefully considered when making a treatment plan. The objective of this prospective clinical trial was to assess the influence of the type of prosthetic restoration as well as the degree of hard tissue loss on 7-y clinical performance of ETT restored with fiber posts. Two groups ( n = 60) were defined depending on the type of prosthetic restoration needed: 1) single unit porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns (SCs) and 2) 3- to 4-unit PFM fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), with 1 healthy and 1 endodontically treated and fiber post-restored abutment. Within each group, samples were divided into 2 subgroups ( n = 30) according to the amount of residual coronal tissues after abutment buildup and final preparation: A) >50% of coronal residual structure or B) equal to or <50% of coronal residual structure. The clinical outcome was assessed based on clinical and intraoral radiographic examinations at the recalls after 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 84 mo. Data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier log-rank test and Cox regression analysis ( P < 0.05). The overall 7-y survival rate of ETT restored with fiber post and either SCs or FDPs was 69.2%. The highest 84-mo survival rate was recorded in group 1A (90%), whereas teeth in group 2B exhibited the lowest performance (56.7% survival rate). The log-rank test detected statistically significant differences in survival rates among the groups ( P = 0.048). Cox regression analysis revealed that the amount of residual coronal structure ( P = 0.041; hazard ratio [HR], 2.026; 95% confidence interval [CI] for HR, 1.031–3.982) and the interaction between the type of prosthetic restoration and the amount of residual coronal structure ( P = 0.024; HR, 1.372; 95% CI for HR, 1.042–1.806) were statistically significant factors for survival ( ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01532947).
Importance of variety choice: Adapting to climate change in organic and conventional farming systems in Germany
Authors: Macholdt Janna , Honermeier Bernd
Published: August 2017

The objective of this study was to examine the importance of farmers’ variety choice in organic and conventional cereal production and to understand which particular crop varieties are required by farmers for climate change adaptation. A broad-based survey was conducted which included data from 119 organic and 305 conventional farmers in Germany. Most of the farmers surveyed recognized the existence of climatic changes and their negative impacts on cereal production. Given this context, the choice of climate-adapted varieties was very important to the majority of respondents. The farmers ranked eco-stability, grain yield performance and steadiness as the most crucial varietal requirements. For cereals, farmers perceived that a higher eco-stability was most important compared to other variety types. The selection of varieties with high and eco-stable yields levels should be given increased consideration, with their use likely to improve overall cereal yields and reduced plant production risks due to climate change.
Comparative Associations Between Achieved Bicultural Identity, Achieved Ego Identity, and Achieved Religious Identity and Adaptation Among Australian Adolescent Muslims
Authors: Abu-Rayya Hisham M. , Abu-Rayya Maram H. , White Fiona A. , Walker Richard
Published: August 2017

This study examined the comparative roles of biculturalism, ego identity, and religious identity in the adaptation of Australian adolescent Muslims. A total of 504 high school Muslim students studying at high schools in metropolitan Sydney and Melbourne, Australia, took part in this study which required them to complete a self-report questionnaire. Analyses indicated that adolescent Muslims’ achieved religious identity seems to play a more important role in shaping their psychological and socio-cultural adaptation compared to adolescents’ achieved bicultural identity. Adolescents’ achieved ego identity tended also to play a greater role in their psychological and socio-cultural adaptation than achieved bicultural identity. The relationships between the three identities and negative indicators of psychological adaptation were consistently indifferent. Based on these findings, we propose that the three identity-based forces—bicultural identity development, religious identity attainment, and ego identity formation—be amalgamated into one framework in order for researchers to more accurately examine the adaptation of Australian adolescent Muslims.
Dark Tourism, Emotions, and Postexperience Visitor Effects in a Sensitive Geopolitical Context: A Chinese Case Study
Authors: Weaver David , Tang Chuanzhong , Shi Fangfang , Huang Ming-Feng , Burns Kevin , Sheng Ang
Published: August 2017

Engaging the neglected intersection between dark tourism, the visitor postexperience and geopolitics, this research reports the findings from a survey of 1,082 domestic visitors to Lushun Prison Museum in Dalian, China, a Japanese-era incarceration and punishment site that projects hegemonic anti-Japanese social representations. Most respondents reported strong emotional reactions and elevated patriotism along with worsened attitudes toward Japan, Japanese products and, to a lesser degree, Japanese people, suggesting negative implications for the increasingly tense China–Japan bilateral relationship. However, sample diversity is indicated by the revelation of small Japan-neutral clusters whose members are more likely to express contemplation and pity as dominant emotions rather than the anger and hate of the majority, and who qualify the dominant social representations accordingly. Communist Party membership, age, lack of student affiliation, and not having Japanese friends or knowing any Japanese people were all associated with Japan-negative perceptions and intentions.
The Influence of International Tourism Receipts on Economic Development: Evidence from China’s 31 Major Regions
Authors: Wu Tsung-Pao , Wu Hung-Che
Published: August 2017

This study applies a bootstrap panel Granger causality test to examine the causal relationship between international tourism receipts and economic growth in China’s 31 major regions for the period from 1995 to 2015, accounting for both dependency and heterogeneity across regions. The empirical results of this study support evidence for the growth hypothesis in the regions, such as Anhui, Henan, Jiangxi, Jilin, Fujian, Jiangsu, Shandong, Tianjin, Chognqing, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Tibet, and Yunnan. A reverse relationship supports evidence on the conservation hypothesis for the regions, such as Hubei and Hunan. A reciprocal causal relationship was found in Hebei and Shannxi, while the result of a neutrality hypothesis supported 14 of these 31 major regions (i.e., Heilongjiang, Shanxi, Beijing, Guangdong, Hainan, Liaoning, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Ningxia, Sichuan, and Xinjiang). The empirical findings of this work provide important policy implications for China’s 31 major regions.
Synthesis and characterization of bio-based poly(butylene succinate-co-10-hydroxydecanoate)
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yuan Wenran , Liu Yujian
Published: August 2017

Aliphatic poly(butylene succinate-co-10-hydroxydecanoate)s (PBHs) with various compositions were synthesized from 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid, and 10-hydroxydecanoic acid (HDA) by esterification and polycondensation with tetrabutyl titanate as catalyst. Gel permeation chromatography and proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis indicate that the molecular weight of PBHs is in the range of 24,947–45,921 g/mol with a relatively narrow polydispersity index at 1.76–2.09. The influence of block length on the properties of copolyesters was investigated. With the increase of HDA unit content, melting point, crystallization temperature, and tensile modulus of PBHs decrease, while the thermal stability and toughness enhanced significantly. In addition, PBHs keep relatively stable in phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.4) and HCl solution (0.1 mol/L), but 22% weight was lost after 30 days in NaOH solution (0.1 mol/L). Furthermore, the degradation rate of PBHs in NaOH solution (0.1 mol/L) accelerates monotonically with increasing HDA content.
The Limits of Consilience: A Reaction to Françoys Gagné's “My Convictions about the Nature of Abilities, Gifts, and Talents”
Authors: Borland James H.
Published: August 2017

In this response to Professor Françoys Gagné's challenging paper, I take issue with his distinction between natural abilities and systematically developed abilities–and thus his distinction between giftedness and talent–arguing that the distinction lacks meaningfulness and utility. I then question the practicability and the value of the larger enterprise of attempting to reach consensus on the meaning of these elusive concepts. I argue that not only is our lack of agreement as to the meanings of the terms giftedness and talent inevitable but that it is conceivably a good that in no way poses a practical limitation on our practice.
Toward a More Comprehensive Theory of Exceptional Abilities
Authors: Detterman Douglas K. , Ruthsatz Joanne
Published: August 2017

In our response to Professor Françoys Gagné, we suggest a more comprehensive theory of elite performance. This theory is composed of three components: general intelligence, domain-specific skills, and practice. Evidence is presented in support of this position. In addition, we take a harder line on a number of issues: (a) There is no doubt that 50% or more of cognitive ability is genetically determined; (b) domain-specific skills must be included to account for phenomena like savants; and (c) practice alone cannot account for expertise. Finally, we discuss the need for explicit definitions of gifted and talented. We conclude that if education were properly individualized, such definitions would not be necessary.
Is There Any Light at the End of the Tunnel?
Authors: Gagné Françoys
Published: August 2017

In this rejoinder, the author reacts to five commentaries on his target article (Gagné, 1999) on the nature of abilities, gifts, and talents. He defends the worthiness of his quest to achieve some consensus among professionals in the field of gifted education over the definition of the core concepts of giftedness and talent and also, the validity and usefulness of his distinction between high natural abilities (gifts) and high systematically developed ones (talents) in comparison to alternative proposals. He finally reiterates, in the light of the criticisms received, the basic arguments supporting his conviction that his own differentiation between giftedness and talent is the most appropriate and defensible solution to gifted education's terminological conundrum.
Popular “problems”: Deviantization and teachers’ curation of popular music
Authors: Kallio Alexis Anja
Published: August 2017

Despite many music classrooms welcoming popular musics in striving towards an inclusive and democratic education, there has been relatively little research into teachers’ decisions regarding which popular musics are included and which are excluded from classroom activities. This is of particular interest taking into account arguments that the norms and values associated with some popular musics or songs exist in conflict with the ideals and ideologies of formal schooling. Through interviews with five Finnish music teachers, this article explores the identification and navigation of “problematic” popular musics in school contexts. Teachers noted that four musical features: lyrics, imagery, musical mood and emotional affect, influenced their constructions of popular musics and their repertoire selections for students. This study suggests that popular repertoire decisions are ethically, ideologically, and politically loaded, and that welcoming students’ own musics does not necessarily result in a more inclusive, democratic classroom culture.
Spontaneous Listeric Encephalitis and Neuritis in Sheep
Authors: Charlton K. M. , Garcia M. M.
Published: August 2017

Sixteen of 17 sheep with spontaneous listeric encephalitis had neuritis characterized by diffuse and focal intrafascicular and perineural accumulations of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and neutrophils in one or more cranial nerves. Nine sheep had extensive trigeminal neuritis which was usually unilateral. Brain lesions were mainly in the stem and were foci of macrophages or neutrophils or both, malacia, neutrophilic neuronophagia, vascular cuffing, and meningitis. Lesions in the brain and trigeminal ganglia were most severe on the same side as the affected trigeminal nerve. Gram-positive bacilli were in proximal parts of cranial nerves in foci of inflammatory cells and occasionally in morphologically intact nerve fibers. Organisms in the brain were in phagocytes in areas of inflammation and in scattered neurons and axons. The results were consistent with centripetal migration of the infectious agent along one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve to the brain and dissemination in the brain stem occurring, at least partly, along fiber tracts. Intraaxonal movement of bacteria probably is a mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Extrapulmonary Lesions of Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Parker G. A. , Russell R. J. , De Paoli A.
Published: August 2017

A retrospective study of extrapulmonary disease in 17 guinea pigs with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection showed the most common to be either chronic active or acute fibrinopurulent pericarditis, pleuritis or peritonitis, or all three. In periparturient females the uterus was commonly affected. Hepatic and adrenal necrosis, splenitis, otitis media, encephalitis, lymphadenitis and ovarian abscesses also occurred. There were gram-positive diplococci in all lesions and Strep. pneumoniae, most often type 19, was cultured from tissues of 11 guinea pigs.
An Epizootic among Knots (Calidris canutus) in Florida I. Disease Syndrome, Histology and Transmission Studies
Authors: Woodard J. C. , Forrester D. J. , White F. H. , Gaskin J. M. , Thompson N. P.
Published: August 2017

About 150 knots found sick or dead had distention of serosal blood vessels, and small, raised hemorrhagic foci on the serosal surface of the jejunum and ileum. The principal finding was endaortitis with large intimal multinucleated cysts that contained a protozoan parasite within a cytoplasmic vacuole. There was endarteritis of mesenteric arteries and muscular arteries of the external layers of the intestinal tract. Single or multiple schizont-like stages containing zoites were in the wall of the small intestine and close to affected muscular arteries. The more usual intestinal lesion was an aneurysm of the inflamed muscular artery. It was concluded that endarteritis led to colonic infarction. Schizonts in medullary renal tubular cells were smaller than stages in the intestine. There was necrosis of epithelial cells of the medullary collecting ducts and inflammatory and regenerative changes. Schizonts and zoites were free in collecting ducts and ureters.
An Epizootic among Knots (Calidris canutus) in Florida II. Ultrastructure of the Causative Agent, A Besnoitia-like Organism
Authors: Simpson C. F. , Woodard J. C. , Forrester D. J.
Published: August 2017

Multinucleated cysts near the luminal surface of the thoracic aortas of diseased knots (Calidris canutus) were similar to besnoitia cysts. Ultrastructurally, the cyst had four distinct layers. The central area included a vacuole that contained a sporozoan with a conoid, polar ring, micronemes, rhoptries, nucleus, mitochondria, dense bodies, a lipid-like vacuole and endoplasmic reticulum. External to the vacuole was a layer with organelles typical of vertebrate cells. The wall of the cyst was irregular in thickness and was bound by a strongly osmiophilic membrane. There was a loose, acellular area of intertwined strands between the cyst wall and layer of organelles.
Ultrastructural Researches on Rabbit Myxomatosis Lymphnodal Lesions
Authors: Marcato P. S. , Simoni P.
Published: August 2017

Ultrastructural examination of head and neck lymph nodes in rabbits with spontaneous subacute myxomatosis showed fusion of immature reticuloendothelial cells which led to the formation of polykaryocytes. There was no ultrastructural evidence of viral infection of these polykaryocytes. Histiosyncytial lymphadenitis can be considered a specific lesion of myxomatosis.
Pathology of Blister Beetle (Epicauta) Poisoning in Horses
Authors: Schoeb T. R. , Panciera R. J.
Published: August 2017

Case records of 21 horses that had acute illness after eating baled alfalfa hay containing dead striped blister beetles were reviewed. Tissue sections from 14 of the horses were examined; sections from two normal horses and several others with unrelated diseases were used for comparison.

Clinical illness was characterized by abdominal pain, fever, depression, frequent urination, shock and, occasionally, synchronous diaphragmatic flutter. Laboratory findings were hemoconcentration, neutrophilic leukocytosis, hypocalcemia, hematuria and low urine specific gravity. Major morphologic changes were sloughing of the stratified squamous epithelium of the stomach, hemorrhage and ulceration in the urinary bladder, enterocolitis and myocardial necrosis. Five horses with experimental poisoning had lesions and clinical signs similar to those of the natural disease.

Acute disturbance of both the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, and the stomach and bladder lesions, were regarded as sufficiently suggestive of blister beetle poisoning to be useful in differential diagnosis, but no pathognomonic lesions were found. Therefore, striped blister beetles should be sought in hay fed to affected horses if blister beetle poisoning is suspected.
Prognosis after Surgical Excision of Canine Melanomas
Authors: Bostock D. E.
Published: August 2017

One hundred and thirty-four dogs from which melanomas had been excised were studied until death or for at least 2 years after surgery. Seven of 49 (14%) intraoral and lip tumours and 52 of 85 (61%) skin tumours were histologically benign; in spite of this, three of seven (43%) “benign” oral and four of 52 (8%) “benign” skin lesions led to the eventual death of the host. Thirty eight of 42 (90%) dogs with a histologically malignant melanoma of the lip or oral cavity died because of the tumour but only 15 of 33 (45%) with malignant skin melanomas died. Six of 59 (10%) dogs with a tumour of mitotic index 2 or less died from the tumour 2 years after surgery compared to 19 of 26 (73%) dogs having a tumour with a mitotic index of 3 or more.
Juvenile Acinar Atrophy of the Pancreas of a Dog
Authors: Hashimoto A. , Kita I. , Okada K. , Fujimoto Y.
Published: August 2017

A dog with juvenile acinar atrophy of the pancreas had degranulation and loss of the acinar cells. Transitional features from normal to degranulation were seen. Electron microscopically, the atrophic pancreas mainly consisted of epithelial cells of duct system, islet cells and multivesicular cells.

Juvenile atrophy of the canine pancreas [1] is characterized by pancreatic enzyme deficiency in young dogs in association with a non-inflammatory lesion of the pancreas. Clinically there is polyphagia, weight loss, steatorrhea, diarrhea and coprohagia.
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in a Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Garman R. H. , Reed C. , Blick D. W.
Published: August 2017

An adult male Macaca fascicularis monkey developed toxic epidermal necrolysis after ingestion of methylmercury. The clinical picture was characterized by the development of large cutaneous bullae with subsequent full-thickness epidermal exfoliation. Areas of sparse pelage were most affected, with the most severe exfoliation occurring on the palms, soles, face and ears. Erosions also developed within the oral mucosa and conjunctivae.
The Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma congolense Infection in Calves
Authors: Valli V. E. O. , Forsberg C. M. , Lumsden J. H.
Published: August 2017

Calves infected with Trypanosoma congolense TREU 112 had, at the onset of anemia, a very low total white cell count and neutropenia but with chronicity there was lymphocytosis. Infected calves had a marked reduction in granulocyte mobilization for the first 14 weeks of infection and there was reduced ability to mount an inflammatory response during the onset of anemia. Bone marrow aspiration biopsies showed marked erythroid hyperplasia in response to the anemia with a relative and likely absolute reduction in myeloid precursors and marrow granulocyte reserves.
The Pathology of Nephrotoxicity of Gentamicin in Snakes
Authors: Montali R. J. , Bush M. , Smeller J. M.
Published: August 2017

Two gopher snakes (Pitophis melanoleucus catenifer) each were given 5 mg/kg body weight of gentamicin every 72 hours (group 1); two snakes each were given 5 mg/kg/day (group 2). Doses for both groups were given over a 2-week period. After the second week, the dose for one snake in each group was increased to 50 mg/kg/day for 2 more weeks and then discontinued. Weekly renal biopsies taken from snakes in group 1 showed no abnormalities by light microscopy during and at the completion of the experiment. Snakes in group 2 had cloudy swelling of the proximal tubules at 2 and 4 weeks after the gentamicin was administered.

Snakes given the high dose of gentamicin had hydropic degeneration of the proximal tubules 2 weeks after the dose was raised to 50 mg/kg/day. This progressed to tubular necrosis 1 week after the gentamicin was discontinued. These snakes (high dose) also developed visceral gout, apparently as the result of the extensive tubular necrosis. Tophi were in the pericardium, serosal membranes and parenchyma of the kidneys, liver, spleen and lungs.
Immunopathological Changes in Cadmium-Treated Rats
Authors: Powell A. L. , Joshi B. , Dwivedi C. , Green L.
Published: August 2017

Rats treated with cadmium developed an interstitial pneumonitis with intraalveolar hemorrhage. In the spleen there was marked germinal center formation containing reactive B-cells. Lesions of the kidneys resembled those found in cadmium poisoning in man, primarily a proliferative glomerulonephritis.
Canine Intestinal Adenocarcinoma and Carcinoid
Authors: Patnaik A. K. , Hurvitz A. I. , Johnson G. F.
Published: August 2017

Thirty-one of 35 canine intestinal neoplasms were adenocarcinomas and four were carcinoids. Acinar, solid, papillary and mucinous adenocarcinomas were seen. Acinar and papillary adenocarcinomas were more common in the duodenum, colon and rectum. Papillary adenocarcinomas involved longer segments of the intestine. Mucinous adenocarcinomas were in all segments of the intestines but were more frequent in the jejunum. The only signet ring cell carcinoma occurred in the duodenum. Carcinoids occurred equally in the duodenum and colon. Half the rectal tumors showed transition from benign polypoid lesions to adenocarcinomas. Hyperplasia, branching of crypts, increase in goblet cells, and glandular fusion (some cells with anaplasia) were severe in the mucosa adjoining all neoplastic tissue. Local invasion was seen in 32 dogs. Lymph node, lungs, liver and intestinal wall were the most common sites of metastases. Half of the metastases in the liver were from carcinoids and were diffuse.
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome in Three Dogs
Authors: Happé R. P. , Van Der Gaag I. , Lamers C.B.H.W. , Van Toorenburg J. , Rehfeld J. F. , Larsson L.I.
Published: August 2017

The main clinical signs of three dogs with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome were vomiting, diarrhoea, poor appetite and weight loss. The diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination and by gastrin immunocytochemistry. Gastrin was extracted from pancreatic tumours of two dogs. Gastrin-component III predominated in one dog while gastrin-compo-nent II and gastrin-component III were demonstrated in almost equal amounts in the other dog. In one dog serum gastrin concentration was high.

Postmortem examination revealed pancreatic tumours in all three dogs and metastases in the regional lymph nodes and liver in two. The pancreatic tumours contained three patterns of growth: solid, trabecular and acinar. Electron microscopy of liver metastases showed cells with secretory granules. In all three dogs there was an erosive oesophagitis and thick gastric mucosa caused mainly by glandular proliferation. Two dogs had erosions and ulcers in the duodenum, one also in the first part of the jejunum. Villous atrophy and cellular infiltration of the duodenal mucosa were found in all dogs.
Proliferative Lesions of the Spleen in Male F344 Rats Fed Diets Containing P-Chloroaniline
Authors: Ward J. M. , Reznik G. , Garner F. M.
Published: August 2017

Fifty male F344 rats were given diets containing 500 mg/kg P-chloroaniline. Controls received diets without the chemical. Eighteen of the dosed rats developed proliferative lesions of the spleen. Lesions included parenchymal fibrosis and fatty infiltration, well and poorly differentiated fibrosarcomas, osteosarcomas and hemangiosarcomas. All dosed rats had focal and diffuse fibrosis and papillary hyperplasia of the splenic capsule.
Canine Parvoviral Myocarditis: A Morphologic Description of the Natural Disease
Authors: Robinson W. F. , Huxtable C. R. , Pass D. A.
Published: August 2017

Naturally occurring acute parvoviral myocarditis in puppies 3 to 8 weeks of age was characterised clinically by sudden death or death following a brief period of dyspnoea. Mortality within litters varied from 20% to 100%. The principal lesion was in the myocardium, which in most cases was mottled by pale patches and bands. Moderate to severe pulmonary oedema with marked peribronchial and perivascular oedema was present. In some cases, the wall of the gall bladder was oedematous. Microscopically the ventricular myocardium had myofibre loss, multifocal myofibre necrosis, a mononuclear cell infiltrate of variable intensity and reactive stromal elements. In every case there were Feulgen-positive, amphophilic, intranuclear inclusion bodies in myocardial nuclei. Ultrastructurally the inclusions were composed of dense granular material and particles resembling parvovirions. Pulmonary alveolar septae were thickened by fibroblasts. Peribronchial and perivascular lymphatics were distended with oedema fluid and occasionally erythrocytes. The pulmonary lesions were considered secondary to the myocardial dysfunction. Some of the puppies that survived the acute disease developed ventricular myocardial fibrosis and died in congestive heart failure.
Bronchopulmonary Lavage Cytology in the Dog: Normal Findings
Authors: Rebar A. H. , Denicola D. B. , Muggenburg B. A.
Published: August 2017

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was used to obtain cytologic specimens from all lung lobes of 9 normal Beagle dogs. Three specimen collection techniques (bronchial lavage, bronchial brushing and bronchial pinch biopsy imprints) and two staining procedures (Wright-Giemsa and Papanicolaou) were used and evaluated. Bronchial lavage was the most satisfactory technique for collection of samples from the deep lung and bronchial brushings were preferred for potential bronchial tree mural lesions. Wright-Giemsa was the stain of choice because mast cells could not be identified and eosinophilic leukocytes could be identified only with difficulty in Papanicolaou stained specimens. Total and differential cell counts were determined on all bronchial lavages from all lung lobes in order to establish baseline reference values. Total nucleated cell counts ranged from 260-1200/μl. There were no significant differences among mean total nucleated cell counts for the different lung lobes. Mean total nucleated cell counts were between 420 and 630 cellsμl. Approximately 95% of all nucleated cells in normal lavages were undifferentiated alveolar macrophages. Most of the other cells seen were neutrophils, eosinophils, possible globule leukocytes and mast cells. Ciliated and nonciliated epithelial cells comprised less than 1% of the total nucleated cell population.
A Locomotor Disorder Clinically Similar to Spastic Paresis in an Adult Friesian Bull
Authors: Bradley R. , Wueratne W.V.S.
Published: August 2017

A 5-year-old Friesian stud bull developed a progressive locomotor disorder on return to stud after a period of rest. He had defects in conformation exacerbated by poor condition. The hind limbs were excessively straight. When he stood or moved, the Achilles tendons and their associated muscles were rigid. The disorder clinically resembled spastic paresis of calves.

Necropsy showed a degenerative arthropathy in all hind limb joints below the hip. Lesions were also in tendons and skeletal muscles. The M. flexor digitorum superficialis had severe type II cell atrophy with many ring. lobulated and moth-eaten type I cells.
Infiltrative Lipoma in Dogs
Authors: Mcchesney A. E. , Stephens L. C. , Lebel J. , Snyder S. , Ferguson H. R.
Published: August 2017

Infiltrative lipomas, similar to those described in man, were diagnosed in 12 dogs of various breeds, sexes, and ages. The neoplasms were poorly delineated, soft enlargements in muscle and connective tissue that caused dysfunction because of mechanical interference or pressure pain. The neoplasms consisted of differentiated fat cells that had infiltrated between or replaced muscle, collagen fibers or both. Single or multiple recurrences followed surgical removal in four of eight dogs; no follow-up was possible in the other four.
Ultrastructure of Pancreatic Tumors Induced in Syrian Hamsters by N-Nitroso-2,6-Dimethylmorpholine
Authors: Reznik-Schüller Hildegard
Published: August 2017

Tumors of the pancreas diagnosed as duct carcinomas and adenomas were induced in Syrian hamsters by intragastric administration of N-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine (2,6-DMNM). The ultrastructure of the well differentiated tumor cells reflected the morphology of normal duct epithelia while such features were less conspicuous in poorly differentiated neoplasms. Under the light and electron microscopes, the pancreatic tumors closely resembled those induced by N-nitroso-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine.
The Distribution of Immunoglobulin in the Respiratory Tract of Sheep
Authors: Alley M. R. , Wells P. W. , Smith W. D. , Gardiner A. C.
Published: August 2017

IgM was the main immunoglobulin seen by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques in the nasal and bronchial glands of lambs before suckling. After suckling IgG was found in tissues at all levels of the respiratory tract. Some IgA also was found after suckling but there was little evidence of transport into secretions. In adult sheep IgA- and IgG-containing cells were found in nearly equal numbers in the nasal mucosa but IgA cells exceeded by 2.5:1 in the bronchial mucosa and by 2:1 in the lung. IgA cells usually outnumbered IgM cells by more than 3:1 in all tissues. The numbers of all three classes of immunoglobulin-containing cells increased in sheep with chronic respiratory disease and, although the IgA:IgG ratio was reduced, IgA remained the major locally secreted immunoglobulin. Cytoplasmic staining of epithelial cells for IgA and IgM was seen most frequently in proliferating areas, which suggested that immature cells were engaged actively in immunoglobulin transport.
Inappropriate Marrow Release of Hematopoietic Precursors in Three Dogs
Authors: Shull R. M.
Published: August 2017

Excessive immature nucleated erythrocytes and granulocyte precursors were found in the peripheral blood of three dogs. Two dogs had disseminated hemangiosarcoma and the other had complicated diabetes mellitus.
Immunohistological Studies on Primary Reticulosis of the Canine Brain
Authors: Vandevelde M. , Fatzer R. , Fankhauser R.
Published: August 2017

Brains of 17 dogs with primary reticulosis, and of two with metastatic and one with primary lymphosarcoma, were examined by immunohistologic techniques with antisera against the major immunoglobulin classes of the dog. On the basis of immunoglobulin in tumour cells, two reticuloses were reclassified as primary lymphosarcomas of the brain. The tumour cells in three other dogs with neoplastic reticulosis and in six dogs with microgliomatosis did not contain immunoglobulin. Many cells in inflammatory reticulosis were immunoglobulin-bearing. Although some of these lesions could have been lymphosarcomas, insufficient data were available to ascertain either an inflammatory or a neoplastic nature.

It was concluded that some lesions previously classified as reticulosis are in fact primary histiocytic lymphosarcomas of the brain, while others may be true reticulosarcomas.
Porcine Abortions Associated with Fungi, Actinomycetes, and Rhodococcus sp
Authors: Eustis S. L. , Kirkbride C. A. , Gates C. , Haley L. D.
Published: August 2017

History, lesions, and results of microbiologic examinations are given for four porcine abortions associated with fungi and one each associated with Actinomadura madurae, an aerobic actinomycete, and Rhodococcus sp. The fungi were Gliomastix sp., Petriellidium boydii, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Exophiala jeanselmei. Parvovirus, isolated from one fetus, was the only other infectious agent identified. The presence of fungi, Actinomadura madurae, and Rhodococcus sp. in fetal and placental lesions indicates that they are a primary cause of sporadic abortion in pigs.
Feline Insular Amyloid: Association with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yano B. L. , Hayden D. W. , Johnson K. H.
Published: August 2017

Of 31 domestic cats with diabetes mellitus, 20 (65%) had amyloid deposits in their pancreatic islets (i.e., insular amyloid). The incidence of insular amyloidosis (p = 0.34) was not significantly different between diabetic and age-matched, non-diabetic cats from our previous study. Diabetic cats, however, had a significantly higher mean percentage of islets with amyloid (p = <.005) and a significantly higher mean percentage of islets with abundant amyloid deposits (p = <005) than did non-diabetic cats. These results suggest that insular amyloidosis and diabetes are causally related and are not simply concurrent diseases associated with aging. Although the specific relationship of insular amyloidosis to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus was not determined, a functional islet cell abnormality probably precedes the diabetic state and the deposition of insular amyloid.
Monensin Toxicosis in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Hanrahan L. A. , Corrier D. E. , Naqi S. A.
Published: August 2017

Chickens treated at seven weeks of age with 150, 200, or 250 mg of crystalline monensin sodium/kg body weight had signs of toxicosis, including extreme weakness, anorexia, paralysis and death. Gross lesions included emaciation, generalized congestion, myocardial enlargement and pallor, and hydropericardium. Samples of ventricular myocardium, superficial pectoralis (white fibers), anterior latissimus dorsi (intermediate fibers), and sartorius muscles (mixed red, intermediate, and white fibers) were examined by light microscope. Intermyofibrillar vacuolation, histochemically positive for neutral fat, was severe in the myocardium and red muscle fibers and moderate in the intermediate muscle fibers. Myofiber necrosis was limited to the red muscle fibers. Mitochondrial degeneration was apparent in myocardial sections from several chickens. Interstitial infiltration by macrophages and heterophils was common in the myocardium and aerobic skeletal muscle.
Aerosol Q Fever Infection of the Nude Mouse
Authors: Hall W. C. , White J. D. , Kishimoto R. A. , Whitmire R. E.
Published: August 2017

Athymic nude mice and euthymic littermate controls were exposed to 104 Coxiella burnetii organisms by small-particle aerosol. Antibody response with and without 2-mercaptoethanol treatment of serum was determined at various intervals after infection and serial kills were done to determine morphologic changes in both mouse phenotypes. Total antibody titers determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique to phase I and phase II C. burnetii were identical for both groups of mice. Microagglutinin titers determined on days 28 and 33 were abolished by 2-mercaptoethanol treatment of serum from both phenotypes, indicating that the antibody probably resided in the IgM fraction.

Microscopically, the reaction to C. burnetii infection was similar in nude and euthymic mice on days 7 and 14. Later, the number and size of lesions attributable to Q fever diminished in euthymic mice. Infection was progressive in nude mice, with macrophage infiltration of most tissues, especially spleen and liver. Numerous rickettsiae were seen by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy in phagocytic vesicles of macrophages, many of which were dilated, giving the macrophage a vacuolated appearance. Results suggest that clearance of C. burnetii infection in mice is dependent upon thymus-derived lymphocytes.
Lesions of the Enamel Organ of Developing Dog Teeth following Experimental Inoculation of Gnotobiotic Puppies with Canine Distemper Virus
Authors: Dubielzig R. R. , Higgins R. J. , Krakowka S.
Published: August 2017

Ten 7-day-old gnotobiotic Beagle puppies were inoculated intraperitoneally with virulent canine distemper virus (R252-CDV). The dogs were killed and perfused with paraformaldehyde/glutaraldehyde from eight to 36 days after inoculation. The developing teeth of the mandibles were examined by light microscopy, and the teeth from three dogs were examined by electron microscopy. Necrosis of individual cells in the stratum intermedium of the developing tooth was the first change, detectable at day 9 post-inoculation. At day 16 post-inoculation, there was disorganization of the ameloblasts. In the stratum intermedium, multinucleate giant cells and large eosinophilic cytoplasmic viral inclusions were prominent. Ultrastructurally, these inclusions consisted of clusters of tubular aggregates typical of canine distemper virus nucleocapsids. At 28 to 36 days post-inoculation, the changes were seen in the reduced enamel epithelium. Multinucleate cells were seen, but no inclusions. Some necrotic cells were seen. In these teeth, ameloblastic cells of the root were morphologically normal. Our results suggest that distemper virus affects developing teeth by direct infection of the enamel organ.
Life Stress, Strain, and Deviance Across Schools: Testing the Contextual Version of General Strain Theory in China
Authors: Zhang Jinwu , Liu Jianhong , Wang Xin , Zou Anquan
Published: August 2017

General Strain Theory delineates different types of strain and intervening processes from strain to deviance and crime. In addition to explaining individual strain–crime relationship, a contextualized version of general strain theory, which is called the Macro General Strain Theory, has been used to analyze how aggregate variables influence aggregate and individual deviance and crime. Using a sample of 1,852 students (Level 1) nested in 52 schools (Level 2), the current study tests the Macro General Strain Theory using Chinese data. The results revealed that aggregate life stress and strain have influences on aggregate and individual deviance, and reinforce the individual stress–deviance association. The current study contributes by providing the first Macro General Strain Theory test based on Chinese data and offering empirical evidence for the multilevel intervening processes from strain to deviance. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.
Many Shades of Green: Assessing Awareness of Differences in Mental Health Care Needs Among Subpopulations of Military Veterans
Authors: Ahlin Eileen M. , Douds Anne S.
Published: August 2017

The current study sought to examine access to services by various veteran subgroups: racial/ethnic minorities, females, rural populations, and LGBTQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer). Generally, the Veteran Service Officers (VSOs) interviewed for this study did not feel that these subgroups were well served by the program and treatment options presently available, and that other groups such as males and urban veterans received better access to necessary psychosocial and medical care. This research extends studies that explore overall connection to services by further demonstrating barriers to receipt of services by specific subgroups of veterans, particularly those at risk for involvement in the criminal justice system.
Taking the absurd seriously
Authors: Phelps Nicholas A.
Published: August 2017

A focus on the absurd reveals points of tangency between political economy and humanistic geographical approaches. I argue that capitalism’s contradictions have broadened and deepened absurd phenomenal experiences, the reflexive internalization of which – in processes of reification or self-alienation – has recursive effects on the constitution of societies. The paradoxes mobilized as part of dialectical reason provide a means of taking the absurd seriously in our emotional and intellectual responses to it. These arguments are illustrated with respect to the consumption of stuff. In conclusion, I note how the absurd poses unsettling questions for human geographical theory and praxis.
Distributed optical sensing in composite laminates
Authors: Meadows Leeanna , Sullivan Rani W , Brown Kevin , Ranatunga Vipul , Vehorn Keith , Olson Steven
Published: August 2017

An optical fiber–based full-field strain measurement technique was used to investigate delamination growth in laminated composites. An experimental setup to load the test samples under idealized modes of delamination was used to investigate the ability to capture the shape and location of the delamination front. It is envisioned that the demonstrated approach has significant field applications in controlled laboratory settings where delaminations have to be located accurately. Furthermore, the ability of this measurement system to provide full-field strain measurements at any given pre-implanted location through the thickness overcomes the surface strain measurements obtained by digital image correlation. In order to demonstrate the technique, distributed fiber optic sensing is used to monitor the propagation of delaminations under pure mode I and II loading. Optical fibers were embedded one ply from the crack plane of both double cantilever beam and end notch flexure specimens. To establish a repeatable fabrication methodology, manufacturing techniques for embedding the optical fibers during the laminate layup process were established. Specimens with and without embedded fibers were tested to verify the fibers did not affect measured fracture toughness values. Crack lengths measured with the optical fibers compared well with true crack lengths, and measured strain distributions compared well with results from finite element analysis.
Anti-plane fundamental solutions of functionally graded materials and applications to fracture mechanics
Authors: Li J , Huang T , Yue JH , Shi C , Wen PH
Published: August 2017

In this article, the fundamental solutions for anti-plane elasticity are derived using the Fourier transform and the Laplace transform techniques, with the shear modulus and the mass density varying exponentially for functionally graded materials. It has been shown that the transformed fundamental solutions both in the Laplace space and in the time domain have the same order of singularities as that in the static case. The time-dependent variables including the displacement and the shear stresses for anti-plane elasticity are obtained with Durbin’s inversion method for the Laplace transform. The discontinuity displacement method is formulated from the fundamental solutions and applied to the mode III fracture problems.
Multivariable model predictive control of wind turbines based on Laguerre functions
Authors: Benlahrache Mohamed Abdelmoula , Othman Sami , Sheibat-Othman Nida
Published: August 2017

Multivariable model predictive control of wind turbine was considered in this work in full-load regime in order to maximize the power generation and reduce the loads on the equipment. The controller has as inputs the pitch angle and the generator torque and accounts for constraints on both the inputs and the outputs. In order to reduce the computation time and improve the conditioning of the constrained optimization problem, the inputs were parameterization using Laguerre functions. The optimization objective was thus transformed from the identification of the input sequence over the control horizon to the identification of the Laguerre function parameters allowing a good parameterization of the inputs over the control horizon. Multiple linearizing models were employed in order to cover different operating points corresponding to variable wind speeds in the full-load regime zone.