bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new outlet for medical education scholarship
Authors: Hays Richard
Published: June 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Not needed for editorial
Assessing wisdom-related competence in the context of medical education
Authors: Bur Johannes , Krause Ulrike-Marie , Stark Robin
Published: June 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Background: Our model of wisdom-related competence distinguishes wisdom-relevant and wisdom-specific knowledge and attitudes (13 dimensions in total) as a basis for constructive action in complex social contexts such as professional therapeutic situations. Purpose: Based on this model reflecting modern challenges of medical education, we aimed at assessing medical students' wisdom-related competence in general and as a function of scenario content, age and study progress. Methods: We conducted scenario-based interviews with a sample of 15 medical students. All participants were faced with same four scenarios reflecting complex situations. Then, we performed a content analysis on the interview transcripts using a specific coding manual. Results: Findings indicate a low level of wisdom-related competence in the analysed sample; participants' mean total score was M = 156.47 (SD = 61.50) of 364 possible points. Corresponding to previous findings of psychological wisdom research, only few participants reached high scores. The students scored higher in wisdom-relevant dimensions than in wisdom-specific dimensions and higher in knowledge than in attitude dimensions. Conclusions: Regarding these results and the fact that wisdom-related knowledge and attitudes facilitate wise decisions and wise action in complex medical contexts, the curriculum of medical education should more largely integrate wisdom-related goals and learning opportunities.
Carcinoma do colo do útero: taxa de sobrevida e fatores prognósticos em mulheres no Estado de Mato Grosso
Authors: Nakagawa Janete Tomiyoshi , Espinosa Mariano Martínez , Barbieri Márcia , Schirmer Janine
Published: June 2016

OBJETIVOS: Analisar a taxa de sobrevida de mulheres submetidas ao tratamento de câncer do colo do útero no Estado de Mato Grosso e identificar os fatores prognósticos que mais influenciaram no tempo de sobrevida. MÉTODOS: Estudo tipo coorte, realizado por meio daanálise dos prontuários clínicos, e dados do Sistema de Informação do Colo do Útero, Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade, Sistema de Informação Autorização de Procedimentos Alta Complexidade. A população correspondeu a 55 mulheres que apresentaram esse tipo de carcinoma e tiveram seguimento clínico entre 2002 e 2007. RESULTADOS: A taxa de sobrevida global foi de 66,7%. Os fatores prognósticos que influenciaram na taxa de sobrevida foram: idade, presença de sintomatologia sugestiva de câncer cervical e estágio tardio da doença no momento do diagnóstico. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da taxa de sobrevida global encontrada assemelhar-se às taxas de países desenvolvidos, foi menor em mulheres com condições sociais desfavoráveis.
Burning Nettle (Urtica urens) Germination and Seedbank Characteristics in Coastal California
Authors: Lati Ran N. , Shem-Tov Shachar , Fennimore Steven A.
Published: June 2016

Burning nettle is a noxious weed that commonly infests coastal California vegetable fields. Weed control programs for lettuce and fresh spinach grown in this area do not adequately control burning nettle, and escaped weeds that mature are highly problematic during hand weeding and harvesting. Information on the biology and ecology of burning nettle is limited, and work was conducted to develop information about this weed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of temperature on burning nettle germination and to determine its base temperature value, to characterize the germination pattern of this weed and seedbanks under local California coastal conditions, and to estimate the optimal timing for burning nettle removal by herbicides and physical methods. The upper optimal temperature for burning nettle germination was 22.8 C, but there was no difference in the final germination percentage between 4 and 22.8 C. The base temperature was determined to be 3 6 0.2 C, and this information allowed the development of temperature-based optimal control timing models. In the field, burning nettle emerged throughout the year without any seasonal pattern, and germinable seeds were also found in the seedbank throughout the year. Burning nettle was able to complete a growth cycle throughout the year in coastal California. Burning nettle has a short growth cycle that allows it to set viable seeds within 466 6 13 growing degree days (GDD), and this timing is critical for burning nettle removal by herbicides, cultivation, or hand weeding. The optimal timing for phenmedipham application at 180 g ai ha–1was estimated to be 205 GDD. The germination and seedbank field studies indicate why burning nettle is so well adapted to the mild climate of coastal California. However, results presented here suggest strategies to reduce the burning nettle seedbank, improve its control, and allow more efficient lettuce and fresh spinach production.
Book review
Authors: Morgan A.
Published: June 2016

ICOLD Bulletin Preprint 161: Dams and Water Transfers: An Overview
Climate change impacts on railway structures: bridge scour
Authors: Dikanski Hristo , Hagen-Zanker Alex , Imam Boulent , Avery Kate
Published: June 2016

Weather-related disruption is a pressing issue for transport infrastructure in the UK, which is expected to aggravate due to climate change. Infrastructure managers, such as Network Rail, need to adapt to these changes, tackling the challenges brought about by wide-ranging uncertainties from various sources. This paper explores the relationship between climate change and bridge scour, identifying barriers to sustainable adaptation. Scour is the removal of riverbed material at bridge foundations due to hydraulic action and is the foremost cause of bridge failure in the UK and worldwide. A model is developed that simulates the causal chain from climate change to scour risk. This is applied to four case study bridges in Wales and the south-west of England, quantifying the effects of climate change and tracing key uncertainties in the process. Results show that the current scour risk models in Network Rail may be insensitive to increases in risk due to climate change. One way to tackle this may be to introduce models to assess absolute risk; current scour risk models are used only for the prioritisation of vulnerable sites.
A Molecular Docking Study of N-Ferrocenylmethylnitroanilines as Potential Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Lanez Touhami , Lanez Elhafnaoui
Published: June 2016

In the present study, the interaction of the protein structure of Escherichia coli DNA Gyrase-A (EcGyr-A) extracted from protein data bank (PDB Code: 1AB4) with ligands N-ferrocenylmethyl-2-nitroaniline (2FMNA), N-ferrocenylmethyl-3-nitroaniline (3FMNA) and N-ferrocenylmethyl-4-nitroaniline (4FMNA) were investigated by performing docking studies using the Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) software. The results obtained showed that the best poses which is derived from MolDock score for Escherichia coli DNA Gyrase-A were respectively equal to-92.0111, -96.0866 and-95.6808 with reranking score equal to-40.9575, -73.4476 and-73.6423. Calculations revealed that 3FMNA react strongly with EcGyr-A followed by 4-FMNA and 2-FMNA.
Satisfaction Scale For Athlete (SSA): A Study Of Validity And Reliability
Authors: Caliskan Gokhan , Ozge Baydar Hacer
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop a Satisfaction Scale for Athlete and to test its reliability and validity. Three hundred forty one professional soccer players from Turkish Super League, First and Second League voluntarily participated in this study. SSA consists of 16 items and three subscales, which are satisfaction with coach, satisfaction with team performance and satisfaction with teammates. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Multi-Sample Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Factorial Invariance were conducted to construct validity of the Satisfaction Scale for Athlete. MANOVA was performed for known-groups validity analysis of the Satisfaction Scale for Athlete by comparing the scores of soccer players from Turkish Super League with the soccer players from First and Second Leagues. As a result, support for construct validity, reliability and with soccer athletes was established, along with measurement invariance. MANOVA analyses showed predicted discrimination between the leagues. Overall, these results show the reliability and validity of the newly established Satisfaction Scale for Athlete.
Political System In The Republic Of Macedonia And EU - NATO Membership Challenges
Authors: Zejneli Jusuf , Maksuti Bekim
Published: June 2016

The basic functioning of institutions in a country depends on the forms of governance. This is defined on the Constitution of the respective state as the highest legal act. It also depends on the practice functioning of the fundamental institutions in a political system. Macedonia has set parliamentary democracy as a form of governance. However, the functioning of the legal system displays different features, because we are dealing with a multiethnic State, the status of candidate country for membership in EU, and NATO – at the same time, faced with the terms of meeting the criteria for euro – Atlantic membership. Although Macedonia is determined to have representative democracy as a form of governance, institutions are functioning with very special specifications. They constantly create new practices, such as frequent elections and early parliamentary Self-dissolution of parliament which was aimed at overcoming the political crisis. There was also an annulment of the decision of the assembly and practices of the practical operation of institutions. However, this makes parliamentary life in Macedonia to be specific from other democratic standards. Specific issue involving the constitutional and legal position of the communities, at various times, has been regulated in different forms. Furthermore, it is more advanced after the signing of the Ohrid Framework Agreement in 2001. At the same time, it presents a challenge in itself and provides an act of harmonized internal legislation to the European Union. This is with genuine parliamentarian debates because the harmonization of legislation requires the implementation of the same laws. Also, it does not just adopt them without been harmonized with the reality in the country.
The Functions And Linguistic Analysis Of Metaphor In The Holy Qur’an
Authors: Al-Ali Ali , El-Sharif Ahmad , Sayel Alzyoud Mohamad
Published: June 2016

The paper aims to tackle the function of metaphor in the Qur’an within the theoretical framework put forward by Lakoff & Turner (1989). This theory is known as the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor. It shows how the Qur’an is structured around the idea of the variety of meaning of lexical items, and how every correspondence between the two domains of “literal” and “non-literal” can fit into it. However, such an application of cognitive semantic approach can provide valuable insights. These insights enhance the overall aim of this paper which is to prove the linguistic creativity of the Qur'an through applying the cognitive theory of metaphor. This paper outlines the basis from which the Qur'an should be considered not only as a book of religious teachings, but also as a linguistic miracle for Arabs (Elsharif, 2011). The structure of this paper is presented as follows. First, we introduce the theoretical background and arguments of this study. Afterwards, we underline the significance of this study and its contribution to the field. In the following section, we present the definition and function of metaphor. Next, we embark on the linguistic analysis of metaphor in the holy Qur’an, metaphorical language and its use in discourse, and metaphor and Islamic religious discourse. Finally, we end the essay with a concluding paragraph.
Factors That Influences Mental Health Policy In Albania
Authors: Frasheri Eneida , Dhamo Eris
Published: June 2016

Mental health policy is a major challenge in every government engagement. Human wellbeing is threatened by mental health issue, and this is why it is necessary to position mental health as a health priority (WHO, 2001). The reduction of human and economic cost of mental health problems can be achieved by providing equitable and evidence-based mental healthcare and treatment. In Albania, the organization of mental health policy has experienced changes in the past half century, especially after the 90’s. This was driven by political commitment at national and intergovernmental levels in response to the challenges posed by mental health problems. The purpose of this paper is to analyze, present factors, and circulates what affects and prepossess the adoption of new mental health policy. The methodology used for this paper was based on two main elements. The first was the analyzing of Albanian conceptual framework, which is derived from two grounded elements: policy content and health policy process. The second element involves data collection using semistructured interview (12) with three levels of policy: policymakers, health policy administrator, and mental health care provider. Also, we consulted a wide range of electronic databases before underpinning the research with additional search. This search includes the scanning of a range of websites, reference lists of included studies, the legal mental health framework, and the respective documents. The activities stipulated in the First Component of the South-Eastern European Mental Health Project under the Stability Pact urged the process of a new mental health policy formulation and adoption of mental health legislation stressing human rights of patients. The WHO has influenced the whole mental health policy framework. They have instructed the National Policy Document for the Mental Health and the recpective action plans. In addition, they have supervised the impemention of this Documents and has trained mental health experts at all levels. Albanian policymaker are concerned with having an adequate map of mental health facilities. This is because many of the dedicated program are far way to be reached from persons in need. All policymaker actors are focused on the need for identification. In this trend of increase in the number of persons with mental health problems and their need for a more holistic care, finances has a crucial role to play.
Investigating The Effect Of Grammatical Differences Between English (L2) And Arabic (L1) On Saudi Female Students’ Writing Of English
Authors: Albalawi Fatima Salamh
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the grammatical errors committed by the Female Saudi Students can be attributed to their mother tongue interference. This study analyses 120 English essays written by Arabic speaking Saudi Female Students studying at Prince Fahad Bin Sultan University. Since the researcher’s mother-tongue is also Arabic, the interference of Arabic language committed by these students was easily found upon examining their writings. The findings of this study revealed that the transfer of Arabic linguistic structures influenced the English writings of Saudi Female Students on the grammatical level. Furthermore, the English writing skill of the Saudi Female Students needs development. The study concluded that the percentage of the total grammatical errors committed by the Saudi students was 1179 errors. Out of the 1179 errors, 59 errors were in Active and Passive Voice, 118 errors in plurality, 118 errors also in articles, 165 errors in the use of word order, 188 errors in prepositions, 244 errors in Verb Tenses and Form, and 306 errors in Subject-verb agreement which is the highest percentage of errors as a result of the effect of the L1. On the basis of these findings, a group of recommendations and some pedagogical implications for educators and policy makers were provided to improve the EFL teaching-learning process.
Variabilité Temporelle Des Températures Annuelles Et Saisonnières Dans l'Est Algérien
Authors: Ahmed Laala , Djamel Alatou
Published: June 2016

In this study, we tried to characterize the tendency of some thermal variables and their annual fluctuations over a period of 30 years (1982-2011). The results show a spatial and temporal variability of the anomaly to the minimum and maximum temperatures. Cold years represent a percentage ranging from 40 to 57% of the years studied, while hot are estimated at 63% for the years analyzed. Thus, the analysis of long series of minimum and maximum temperature reveals statistically significant trends which present spatial variability for annual and spatiotemporal temperatures to seasonal temperatures. An evolution of annual maximum temperatures to a warming has been recorded for the majority of the provinces of eastern Algeria with notable increases up to + 3°C/30years for the wilaya of Batna. However, the minimum temperatures have downward trends in the range of -1.5°C and - 2°C/30years respectively in Jijel and Setif and upward trends varying between 0.5 and 1.7 °C/30 years. After this study, calculates the thermal anomaly and mapping trends can create a regional picture of the evolution of the temperature in eastern Algeria that shows a significant warming of this region over the past decades especially for the wilaya of Batna. This study includes a reference to define strategies to adapt to thermal variability in eastern Algeria.
Occupational Stress: The Role of Psychological Resilience in the Ecological Transactional Model
Authors: Sivam Ruben-Wen , Chang Weining C.
Published: June 2016

The present study adopts an ecological approach to examining occupational stress, which incorporates both a trait and a transactional perspective to offer a more comprehensive conceptualization of the antecedents and outcomes of stress with psychological stress as a moderator. Data collected from 182 job incumbents supported the hypothesized relationships among primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, psychological resilience, and maladaptive outcomes. Results from structural equation modeling revealed that primary appraisal affected secondary appraisal, and secondary appraisal, in turn, contributed to maladaptive outcomes. In addition, the relationship between primary appraisal and maladaptive outcomes was partially mediated by secondary appraisal. Consistent with our hypothesis that resilience plays an adaptive role in the stress process, the results indicated that resilience had a direct influence on secondary appraisal. Resilience also affected maladaptive outcomes of stress but this relationship was partially mediated by secondary appraisal.
Internal Factors within Entrepreneurs that Influence the Acceptance and Use of Social Commerce among SMEs in Malaysia
Authors: Adam Azilahwati Binti , Mat Jizat Jessnor Elmy Binti , Mohd Nor Mohd Asri Bin
Published: June 2016

Current technological advances, particularly in information and communications technology (ICT) and social media have sparked a phenomenon in the business world. The existence of social commerce (s-commerce), which is a combination of e-commerce and social media, has opened up greater opportunities for SMEs in Malaysia. The use of s-commerce as a medium for marketing and buying and selling is capable of helping SMEs to increase the sales and profitability of their businesses. However, according to studies conducted by SME Corp Malaysia, the usage of e-commerce and social media is still low. Attitude and self-efficacy are variables that are often used in studies related to entrepreneurs and their intention to accept a new business innovation or technology. Therefore, this study was undertaken to identify the internal factors within entrepreneurs, namely attitude and self-efficacy, which influence the acceptance and use of s-commerce among SMEs in Malaysia.

 
The Theory of Planned Behavior, Past Behavior, Situational Factors, and Self-Identity Factors Drive Indonesian Enterpreneurs to Be Indebtedness
Authors: Patiro Shine Pintor S. , Budiyanti Hety
Published: June 2016

This study investigates the factors affecting borrowing intention among young entrepreneur of Indonesia TDA community based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). About 100 questionnaires were accepted and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) in determining the relationships. The results show that borrowing intention amongst young entrepreneur of Indonesia TDA community is influenced by attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, self identity, situational temptation, and past behavior. The young entrepreneur of Indonesia TDA community believe that they have complete control of their behavior in borrowing as they perceived to be equipped with the knowledge about the personal financing. In addition, because of their experience in students’ loans since undergraduates’ level, the result explains why situational temptation were found to be a significant predictor. The findings offer implications for researchers and government.
Effect of Situational Factors and Product on Consumer Buying Decision In Hypermart at Manado City
Authors: Mamuaya Nova Christian
Published: June 2016

This research aims at (1) understanding and analyzing the effect of situational and non situational (produc) factors, simultaneously or partially, on the consumer buying decision in hypermart at Manado City, (2) understanding and analyzing factor with dominant effect on consumer buying decision in hypermart at Manado City.

The observed situational and non situational (product) factors through Belk Theory. Sampling has been developed through accidental sampling, resulting in 60 respondents. Data  have  been  collected  by main instrument of questionnaire, 5-point Likert Scale to measure the respondents’ answer, data analysis using multiple linier regression.

Results of research indicate that situational factor and product have significant effect simultaneously or partially on consumer buying decisions in hypermart at Manado City and product assortment has dominant effect on consumer buying decision in hypermart at Manado City.
Approaches to Learning among Deaf Students at the University of Education, Winneba
Authors: Fobi Daniel , Oppong Dr. Alexander M.
Published: June 2016

This survey explored the learning approaches among deaf students at the University of Education, Winneba (UEW), Ghana. Data were gathered from 31 out of 41 undergraduate deaf students. Participants were randomly sampled from levels 100, 200, 300 and 400. Data were gathered through the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST, 1998). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings of the study suggest that participants preferred strategic approach to learning followed by the deep and surface approaches to learning in that order. The study recommended that further investigation be done using longitudinal study in various higher institutions in Ghana. Such a study should examine whether the approaches to learning among deaf students change over time as they go through their university education. The study recommended that in the teaching and learning process, lecturers in the Department of Special Education, UEW need to take into consideration the learning approaches (deep, surface, and strategic) employ to study and plan their teaching to meet such students and should teach each student since deaf students at the university.
Early Intervention For Children With Disabilities: Multidisciplinary Collaboration Between Health And Education Services
Authors: Agbosu Emenefa Ekua
Published: June 2016

Supported by Engeström (2008) socio-cultural activity theory (SCAT) this case study explored the nature of multidisciplinary collaboration in the provision of early intervention services for children with disabilities in Ghana. Purposive sampling technique was used in selecting eight (8) respondents out of a population of 25 coordinators. A semi-structured face to face interview was used to ascertain the views of coordinators from health and education agencies on multidisciplinary collaboration. The interview was recorded and data was analysed thematically where the respondents were coded. The study revealed that the School Health Education Programme (SHEP) and Special Education (SPED) coordinators were consistently present at the multidisciplinary team (MDT) collaborations and collaboration done was such that the education agency involved the health agency at a level where the child with disability needed medical intervention. It came to light that, members of the Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) did not fully handle cases themselves; hence where specialist attention was needed, such referrals were made. It was further revealed that financial constraints and improper dissemination of information were the challenges that multidisciplinary teams faced in the study area. Based on the findings, it was recommended that parents should be actively involved in the MDT collaboration whiles strengthening the referral process in collaboration.
The Effect of Competitive Advantage on the Relationship between Strategic Change and Performance of Firms in the Alcohol Industry in Kenya
Authors: Okonda Michael Washika , Ojera Dr. Patrick B. , Ochieng Dr. Isaac O.
Published: June 2016

This paper examined the effect of competitive advantage on the relationship between strategic change and firm characteristics on performance of firms in the alcohol industry in Kenya. Previous studies dwelt on effect of limited aspects of strategic change such as marketing leaving out critical aspects like scope of strategies, resource deployment patterns and competitive advantages. The study was underpinned by the Resource-Based Theory (RBT). The study adopted a mixed method survey research design using qualitative and quantitative methods. The population was 25 local firms registered by Kenya Revenue Authority by 2012 and approved by National Authority for the Campaign Against Alcohol and Drug Abuse, (NACADA) by 2015. A saturated sample consisted of 100 respondents to get primary data. Correlation and regression analysis were used to determine the relationship between competitive advantage and organizational performance. Pearson correlation was used to describe how the variables were related and the strengths of the relationship between competitive advantage and organizational performance. Findings revealed that there was a fairly strong significant positive correlation between competitive advantage and organizational performance.
Influencia de los ácidos grasos insaturados en el peso corporal y en el metabolismo de la glucosa y de los lípidos en mujeres obesas con el genotipo Pro12Pro en el gen PPAR γ 2
Authors: Fófano do Lago Márcia , Chaia Kaippert Vanessa , Lopes Souto Débora , Lopes Rosado Eliane
Published: June 2016

Introducción: el tipo de ácido graso de la dieta presenta diferentes efectos sobre la obesidad y sus complicaciones, pero estos efectos pueden verse influenciados por los genes y sus polimorfismos, tales como los receptores activados por el proliferador de los peroxisomas isoforma γ2 (PPARγ2). Además, no está claro si el grado de insaturación de los lípidos posee diferentes efectos en el metabolismo de los lípidos y de la glucosa y, particularmente, en la pérdida de peso. Objetivos: evaluar la influencia de dietas ricas en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGPI) y monoinsaturados (AGMI) en las variables antropométricas y bioquímicas en el peso corporal y el perfil glucémico y lipémico en mujeres obesas con el genotipo Pro12Pro en el gen PPARγ2. Métodos: dieciocho mujeres obesas con genotipo Pro12Pro fueron distribuidas aleatoriamente para una de las dietas, rica en AGPI (n = 8) o AGMI (n = 10). Las variables antropométricas (índice de masa corporal [IMC] y circunferencia de la cintura) y bioquímicas (glucosa, insulina, HOMA-IR, colesterol total, LDL-colesterol, HDL colesterol y triglicéridos) fueron evaluadas antes y después de un periodo de 45 días. Resultados: las variables antropométricas y bioquímicas fueron similares entre los grupos antes y después de la intervención (p > 0,05). El IMC disminuyó después de la ingesta de AGPI (p = 0,01), probablemente debido al menor contenido de lípidos. El AGMI redujo la glucosa (p = 0,03), insulina (p = 0,03) y HOMA-IR (p = 0,02). Conclusión: los AGMI fueron más eficientes para reducir la resistencia a la insulina en mujeres obesas con el genotipo Pro12Pro en el gen PPARγ2, aunque las mujeres presentaran una elevada ingesta de lípidos totales y ácidos grasos saturados.
Relación entre condición física, actividad física y diferentes parámetros antropométricos en escolares de Santiago (Chile)
Authors: Muros José Joaquín , Cofre-Bolados Cristian , Zurita-Ortega Félix , Castro-Sánchez Manuel , Linares-Manrique Marta , Chacón-Cuberos Ramón
Published: June 2016

Introducción: la sociedad actual está experimentando reducciones significativas en los niveles de actividad física, y estos niveles de sedentarismo están asociados a un aumento de la obesidad. Objetivo: describir y analizar las relaciones entre composición corporal, realización de actividad física y condición física, además de describir los índices de sobrepeso/obesidad de una muestra de escolares de la provincia de Santiago (Chile). Material y métodos: se diseñó un estudio transversal con una muestra representativa de 515 alumnos (10,6 ± 0,5). Se determinaron diferentes índices antropométricos (IMC y porcentaje graso), así como la actividad física y la condición física (capacidad aeróbica y fuerza muscular máxima en tren superior e inferior). Resultados: alrededor del 55% de la muestra estudiada presentó problemas de sobrepeso/obesidad. Los valores de volumen de oxígeno máximo (VO 2 máx) y fuerza del tren superior fueron estadísticamente superiores en el grupo de los niños que en el de las niñas. Los alumnos clasificados como obesos presentaron unos niveles superiores de porcentaje graso, así como unos niveles inferiores de actividad física y de condición física que el grupo con normopeso. Se encontró una correlación negativa entre las puntuaciones del PAQ-C (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children) y los parámetros antropométricos, así como entre los parámetros antropométricos y los valores obtenidos en todas las pruebas de condición física. Conclusión: ante los alarmantes niveles de sobrepeso y obesidad infantil detectados en Santiago parece de importante relevancia crear planes de intervención centrados en la mejora de la condición física; los grupos con problemas de sobrepeso y obesidad y los grupos de sexo femeninos donde se debería hacer una mayor incidencia.
Cuestionario semicuantitativo para la valoración de la ingesta dietética del paciente hospitalizado: una herramienta sencilla para la práctica clínica
Authors: Calleja Fernández Alicia , Vidal Casariego Alfonso , Cano Rodríguez Isidoro , Ballesteros Pomar María D.
Published: June 2016

Introducción: la cuantificación y registro de la ingesta alimentaria del paciente hospitalizado es clave dentro del plan de cuidado nutricional. Objetivo: evaluar la validez de un cuestionario semicuantitativo de valoración del consumo comparado con una técnica de registro de alimentos por observación y pesada de los platos incluidos en la dieta hospitalaria. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado en condiciones de práctica clínica habitual. Las técnicas de valoración del consumo que se compararon fueron un registro por doble pesada y un cuestionario semicuantitativo por observación de la ingesta de cinco categorías (todo [> 80%], casi todo [80-60%], la mitad [60-40%], casi nada [40-20%] o nada [< 20%]), ambas realizadas por un dietista-nutricionista. La comparación entre ambas herramientas fue realizada con el índice kappa con ponderación cuadrática e intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados: fueron realizadas un total de 1.980 valoraciones. Se observó con el cuestionario semicuantitativo que en el 50% de los casos se ingirió todo, en el 19% casi todo, en el 13% la mitad, en el 9% menos de la mitad y en el 9% nada. La mediana de la ingesta por doble pesada de alimentos fue de 76,8 (RIC 45,8)%. Se observó que existió un acuerdo satisfactorio entre la técnica de doble pesada y la valoración visual del consumo con un valor κ = 0,907 (IC 95% 0,894-0,925). Conclusión: la escala visual empleada en este estudio permite cuantificar la ingesta real del paciente de forma precisa y adecuada por personal cualificado.
Validación y propuesta normativa para la valoración de la preocupación por la alimentación de adolescentes chilenos: estudio EPACH
Authors: Gómez-Campos Rossana , Bersano Benavides Gonzalo , Luarte-Rocha Cristian , Tumi Figueroa Ernesto Nayer , Urra Albornoz Camilo , Sulla-Torres Jose , Cossio-Bolaños Marco Antonio
Published: June 2016

Objetivo: validar un cuestionario para medir la preocupación por la alimentación de los adolescentes, verificar la fiabilidad y desarrollar valores normativos en función de la edad, sexo y categoría. Metodología: se estudió a 3.121 (1.645 hombres y 1.476 mujeres) adolescentes de 11,0 a 18,9 años de cinco establecimientos municipales de la región del Maule, Chile. Se evaluó el peso, estatura y se calculó el índice de masa corporal. Se aplicó un cuestionario que mide la preocupación por la alimentación de adolescentes escolares. Se validó por análisis confirmatorio y la fiabilidad se determinó por consistencia interna. Resultados: el análisis factorial confirmó la presencia de cuatro factores (preocupación por la restricción de la comida, preocupación por el consumo de comida, preocupación por la forma de comer y preocupación por el peso corporal). Se eliminaron 5 preguntas que mostraron saturaciones inferiores a 0,39. El instrumento quedó conformado con 24 preguntas que explican 51,8% de la varianza. El alpha de Cronbach mostró valores entre 0,85 y 0,88. Se construyeron percentiles (p15, p50 y p85) a partir del método LMS para valorar la preocupación por la alimentación por categoría, edad y sexo. Conclusión: el instrumento desarrollado es válido y confiable y sirve para valorar el nivel de preocupación por la alimentación de adolescentes escolares. Además, las normas propuestas podrían servir a los profesionales del sistema educativo para llevar a cabo tareas de prevención con los jóvenes que evidencien bajos niveles de preocupación por su alimentación
Efecto de la cocción sobre la capacidad antioxidante y calidad sensorial de la coliflor mínimamente procesada
Authors: González-Fandos Elena , Simón Ana
Published: June 2016

Se ha estudiado el efecto de la cocción en agua sobre la capacidad antioxidante y calidad sensorial de coliflor que previamente ha sido cortada, envasada en atmósfera modificada (5,7-2,3% de CO 2 y 17,6-19,7% de O 2 ) y almacenada a 5 oC durante 13 días, comparándola con la coliflor recién recolectada. Se ha observado un aumento de ácido ascórbico (18%), polifenoles (74%) y actividad antioxidante (21%) en la coliflor almacenada cruda. La cocción produjo pérdidas de estos compuestos por lixiviación, que fueron mayores en la coliflor almacenada respecto a la inicial (19% y 13% res- pectivamente para el ácido ascórbico y 31% y 28% respectivamente para los polifenoles. Sin embargo, no se observaron variaciones en la actividad antioxidante de la coliflor inicial cocida respecto a la coliflor inicial fresca, mientras que en la coliflor almacenada dicha variación fue del 16%. Como resultado, la actividad antioxidante de la coliflor almacenada y cocida ha resultado similar a la de la coliflor inicial fresca. El almacenamiento produjo pequeños cambios en color (un aumento del parámetro b* de 19 a 20,9) y de la textura (un aumento de la fuerza de cizallamiento de 1948 N a 2375 N). La valoración sensorial del color y sabor de la coliflor cocida almacenada fue inferior al de la coliflor cocida inicial, pero dentro de niveles aceptables. El aumento de la dureza en la coliflor fresca almacenada no fue detectado por el panel de catadores en la coliflor cocida. Se observó una ligera incidencia de mohos en la coliflor almacenada 13 días, por lo que se recomienda realizar un tratamiento de lavado.
Patrones alimentarios de ultramaratonistas chilenos
Authors: Durán Agüero Samuel , Herrera Valenzuela Tomás , Poblete Aro Carlos , Durán Acevedo Angelo , Valdés Badilla Pablo
Published: June 2016

Objetivo: determinar los patrones alimentarios de ultramaratonistas chilenos. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra incluyó 20 ultramaratonistas (n = 3 mujeres), quienes promediaban para la edad 33,0 ± 7,8 años, peso 71,1 ± 6,6 kg y estatura 1,72 ± 0,05 m. Se aplicó una encuesta de hábitos alimentarios validada y un punto de significación de p < 0,05. Resultados: los ultramaratonistas chilenos presentan bajo consumo de alimentos de acuerdo a las porciones recomendadas de frutas, verduras, pescado y leguminosas, y el 75% de ellos consume desayuno diariamente. Se observa ingestas moderadas de bebidas azucaradas, snacks dulces y alcohol, mientras que la ingesta de frituras (65%) corresponde al hábito no saludable más frecuente. Conclusión: los ultramaratonistas chilenos presentan un bajo cumplimiento en las porciones recomendadas de alimentos, pese al gran esfuerzo físico que realizan.
Desarrollo y validación de una aplicación para smartphones para analizar variables subjetivas de apetito
Authors: Hernández-Morante Juan José , Galindo-Muñoz Joaquín Santiago , Barberá-Ortega María Del Carmen
Published: June 2016

Introducción: actualmente el tratamiento dietético de la obesidad no suele ser efectivo en muchos casos, probablemente porque se diseña fundamentalmente teniendo en cuenta el gasto energético mientras que otros aspectos relevantes, como los ritmos de hambre/saciedad, apenas son considerados. Los nuevos dispositivos móviles (smartphones) podrían ayudar a este respecto. Objetivo: desarrollar una aplicación para smartphones con el fin de analizar variables subjetivas relacionadas con el apetito de forma precisa y fiable.  Métodos: se analizaron las sensaciones subjetivas de apetito de 15 voluntarios sanos mediante dos métodos: papel-lápiz (P-P) y una nueva aplicación para smartphones. Las sensaciones de apetito se analizaron cada 30 minutos durante 4 horas en dos situaciones: desayuno alto en carbohidratos (HC) y alto en grasas (HF). Además, los sujetos completaron la aplicación cada 30 minutos en condiciones ambientales. Resultados: los datos derivados del ANOVA indican que no existieron diferencias respecto al método (P-P vs. aplicación) o comida (HC vs. HF) (p > 0.05) para las puntuaciones de hambre, deseo de comer y saciedad. Los coeficientes de regresión mostraron una elevada concordancia (R 2 : 0.94-0.98). El test de Bland-Altman también reveló una alta reciprocidad entre ambos métodos. Además, la aplicación fue capaz de medir las variaciones subjetivas de apetito en condiciones ambientales. Conclusión: la aplicación para smartphones fue capaz de determinar de forma fiable y precisa las variables subjetivas de apetito tanto en condiciones de laboratorio como ambientales, lo que confirma la idoneidad de esta aplicación para llevar a cabo futuros estudios en los que se evalúe la regulación del apetito en humanos.
Eficacia del entrenamiento diario de una repetición de máximo peso en levantadores de pesas bien entrenados: una serie de casos
Authors: Zourdos Michael C. , Dolan Chad , Quiles Justin M. , Klemp Alex , Jo Edward , Loenneke Jeremy P. , Blanco Rocky , Whitehurst Michael
Published: June 2016

Introducción: el propósito de este estudio fue investigar la eficacia del entrenamiento diario de una repetición máxima (1RM) de la sentadilla en fuerza máxima. Material y método: tres levantadores de peso de competición realizaron la sentadilla durante 37 días consecutivos y se reportan como casos individuales. Participante 1 (P1) (masa corporal = 80,5 kg; edad = 28 años) y participante 3 (P3) (masa corporal = 108,8 kg; edad = 34 años) eran levantadores de fuerza; participante 2 (P2) (masa corporal = 64,1 kg; edad = 19 años) fue un levantador de pesas. Cada participante tenía por lo menos 5 años de experiencia con la posición en sentadilla de formación. Durante los días 1-35, los participantes realizaron una sentadilla de 1RM seguida por 5 conjuntos de volumen de 3 repeticiones al 85% o 2 repeticiones al 90% de la 1RM diario. En el día 36, los participantes realizan solo una serie de 1 repetición al 85% de 1RM del día 1; y el día 37 realizaron un 1RM. Resultados: cambios absolutos y porcentaje para P1 del 1 día al 37: + 5 kg/2,3% y desde el primer día al máximo (1RM era el mayor) + 12,5 kg/5,8%. P2 experimentó un aumento de 13,5 kg/10,8% en 1RM del día 1 al 37 y del día 1 al máximo. P3 demostró un aumento de 21 kg/9,5% del día 1 al 37 y del día 1 al máximo. Los tres participantes exhibieron significativa (p < 0,05) las correlaciones entre el tiempo (días) y 1RM (P1: r = 0,65, P2: r = 0,78, P3: r = 0,48). Conclusión: nuestros resultados sugieren que el entrenamiento diario de 1RM había producido efectivamente cambios significativos en la máxima fuerza en los atletas de fuerza competitiva en un periodo relativamente corto de entrenamiento.
Efectos de un dispositivo de restricción ventilatoria nasal sobre la ventilación pulmonar e intercambio gaseoso durante el ejercicio en personas sanas
Authors: González-Montesinos José Luis , Ponce-González Jesús Gustavo , Vicente-Campos Davinia , López-Chicharro José , Fernández-Santos Jorge Del Rosario , Vaz-Pardal Carmen , Costa-Sepúlveda José Luis , Conde-Caveda Julio , Castro-Piñero José
Published: June 2016

Introducción y objetivos: un dispositivo llamado FeelBreathe ® (FB) se ha diseñado, desarrollado y patentado para el entrenamiento de la musculatura inspiratoria (IMT). Para examinar los efectos de FB en la ventilación pulmonar y el intercambio gaseoso durante el ejercicio, se tomaron medidas de 27 voluntarios varones sanos entrenados (edad: 32,5 ± 7,2 años). Métodos: al inicio del estudio se midieron tanto la presión inspiratoria máxima estática (PIM) y la capacidad pulmonar mediante espirometría. Seguidamente, se realizó un test incremental en cicloergómetro para determinar el VO 2 pico. Cada sujeto, tres días más tarde, realizó aleatoriamente tres pruebas idénticas submáximas en cicloergómetro a una intensidad comprendida al 50% entre los umbrales ventilatorios bajo tres condiciones de respiración diferentes: a) respiración oronasal (ONB), b) respiración nasal (NB) y c) la respiración nasal a través del FB. Resultados: la prueba con FB mostró una ventilación minuto (VE) y una frecuencia respiratoria (BF) inferior que en las pruebas de NB, la cual a su vez tenía menor BF, pero similar VE que ONB (p < 0,001). A pesar de esto, FB obtuvo valores similares de VO 2 , cociente respiratorio (RER), frecuencia cardiaca (HR) y saturación de oxígeno capilar periférica (SpO2) en comparación con NB y ONB. Esto último puede ocurrir debido en parte al aumento del volumen tidal (VT) y el tiempo de expiración (Tex) en FB hasta el mismo nivel que en la prueba de NB, los cuales fueron un 15% y 14% en ambas pruebas, respectivamente, superiores a ONB (p < 0,001). El porcentaje de tiempo de inspiración (Ti/Tot) fue 7% mayor en la prueba de FB en comparación con NB y ONB (p < 0,001). Solamente en la prueba de FB se encontró un aumento de la presión final de la espiración de CO 2 (P ET CO 2 ) y la reducción de la presión final de la espiración de O 2 (P ET O 2 ) y la fracción de expiración de O 2 (FEO 2 ). Conclusiones: FeelBreathe es un nuevo dispositivo de restricción nasal que estimula los músculos inspiratorios para producir un patrón de respiración más eficiente durante el ejercicio en los seres humanos bien entrenados.
Ventilación y lactato sanguíneo en niños durante una prueba máxima incremental en cicloergómetro
Authors: Villa Jiménez Ivonne , Aguilar Cordero María José , Guisado Barrilao Rafael , Naranjo Orellana José , Guerrero Almeida Laura
Published: June 2016

Este estudio analiza la respuesta ventilatoria en 46 niños varones (8,28 ± 1 años) durante una prueba máxima incremental en cicloergómetro y las concentraciones de lactato sanguíneo al final de la prueba. El incremento fue de 10 vatios cada minuto y se inició a 25 vatios. Durante la prueba el aire espirado se recolectó a través de una mascarilla facial y se analizó respiración a respiración. El segundo umbral ventilatorio (VT 2 ) se determinó según los métodos de intercambio de gases. Todos los niños alcanzaron una potencia máxima (P máx ) de 82,4 ± 1,6 W y un consumo pico de oxígeno (VO 2 ) de 44,69 ± 3,01 ml/kg/min. El VT 2 estaba en el 86,5% del VO 2pico . El lactato sanguíneo al final de la prueba fue de 9,65 ± 1,58 mM/l. Las concentraciones de lactato sanguíneo son mucho mayores que las registradas en la mayoría de los estudios previos y no parecen ser diferentes a las observadas en deportistas bien entrenados al final de una prueba similar. La ecuación que obtuvimos de la relación entre producción de dióxido de carbono (VCO 2 ) y ventilación (VE) fue lineal (y = 0,0324x - 0,008; R 2 = 0,999). En comparación con adultos evaluados previamente en nuestro laboratorio (y = 0,0347x + 0,1452; R 2 = 0,9854) fueron prácticamente idénticas. Esto puede ser un argumento válido para considerar que la capacidad de eliminar CO 2 en niños es tan alta como la de los adultos.
Efecto de orlistat sobre la hipertrigliceridemia posprandial valorada mediante el test de sobrecarga oral de grasas. Revisión sistemática
Authors: Rodríguez-Valle Ana , Navarro Ferrando María Ángeles , Boj Carceller Diana , González-Cantalejo Mar , Escanero Marcén Jesús Fernando , Sanz-Paris Alejandro
Published: June 2016

Orlistat induce la pérdida de peso mediante el bloqueo de la hidrólisis de triglicéridos en el intestino, por lo que también se asocia con cambios favorables en los triglicéridos posprandiales (PHTGL). Algunos estudios epidemiológicos han identificado concentraciones PHTGL como un importante factor de riesgo para la enfermedad cardiovascular. El test de sobrecarga oral de grasa (TSOG) se ha utilizado para la detección de niveles elevados de PHTGL. El objetivo de la presente revisión sistemática es presentar los datos disponibles sobre los efectos de orlistat en TSOG. Encontramos 11 estudios, de los cuales 7 estudian el efecto de una sola dosis de orlistat en el TSOG: 3 con voluntarios sanos, 1 con obesidad, 2 con diabetes de tipo 2 y 1 con pacientes hiperlipidémicos. Los otros 4 estudian también el efecto de orlistat en el TSOG, pero después de un periodo de tiempo previo con un tratamiento diario con orlistat: 1 con voluntarios sanos, 2 con obesidad y 1 con un paciente con hiperlipidemia. Nuestra revisión sistemática sugiere que orlistat puede ayudar a reducir la hipertrigliceridemia posprandial en pacientes obesos, dislipémicos y con diabetes de tipo 2. Respecto a los ácidos grasos libres plasmáticos, también los podría reducir, pero no todos los autores han encontrado los mismos resultados. En pacientes diabéticos de tipo 2 se han encontrado tres estudios con resultados contradictorios sobre el efecto inmediato de orlistat en la respuesta postprandial de GLP-1. En conclusión, orlistat puede ayudar a reducir los TGL plasmáticos posprandiales, especialmente en pacientes con hipertrigliceridemia posprandial relacionada con obesidad, dislipemia y diabetes de tipo 2.