bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors of the formation of settlement systems at the present stage (South of the Russian Far East - Northeast of China).
Authors: Ordynskaya Yuliya
Published: August 2023

The study examines the development of the Russian-Chinese border area, defines the existing settlement systems, identifies factors affecting their formation. It is noted that a continuous urbanized territory with an actively developing infrastructure has been formed on the Chinese side. On the part of the Russian border – a small population, a large number of non-growing settlements, with limited specialization. Large areas are formed on the basis of large cities. This trend has determined the direction of "One city – two states": (Khabarovsk – Fuyuan, Zabaikalsk – Manchuria; Blagoveshchensk – Heihe). In the conducted research, the object of study is settlement systems, the subject is the factors of their formation in modern conditions on the territory of the Russian–Chinese border. The aim is to identify the factors of the formation of settlement for further forecasting of the organization of the border territory of Russia and China. The current trend in the region under consideration is that the border spaces are becoming more interconnected with each other, forming a stable system of cross-border communications. And the introduction of sanctions against Russia, namely the "closure" of the European border, caused a change in the direction of the development vector "to the east", which can become a mechanism for the development of border territories. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the structure of the settlement of the south and the Far East at the present stage is considered – namely, the zone of active interaction between the two countries (Russia – China) – the territory along the border. The study identifies and examines the settlement systems of the border zone of Russia and China, as well as the factors of their formation (geographical, enographic, cultural, transport, educational and regional policy).
Architectural environment of the Khabarovsk Children's Railway
Authors: Glatolenkova Ekaterina , Il'in Konstantin Sergeevich
Published: August 2023

The subject of the article is the peculiarities of the formation of the architectural environment of children's railroads in the Far East. The object of the study is a children's railroad in Khabarovsk, belonging to the Far Eastern railroads. On the material of historical documents, photographs and private archives its historical development, changes in the landscaping of the territory and filling of the environment, the current state of the surrounding buildings and the prospects for further development of the road are considered. The authors pay special attention to the study of recent innovations in landscaping and the current state of the park adjacent to the road, as well as analyze the road reconstruction projects under consideration by the city administration. The study of the experience of construction and operation of children's railroads in different Russian cities and popular foreign parks allowed to identify trends in their further development and transformation in modern conditions. The authors' contribution to the topic under consideration is the systematization of scattered information about the Khabarovsk branch of the children's railroad and the compilation of a scheme of its planned development, carried out for the first time. In the course of the work it is established that for more than half a century of history the surrounding landscape has changed significantly, its further successful functioning requires a cardinal revision of the route of the track. The application of the obtained results is possible in the process of designing a new direction of the road in the park territory of the nursery named after A. M. Lukashov.
Culturological reconstruction of ChatGPT's socio-cultural threats and information security of Russian citizens
Authors: Bylevskiy Pavel Gennadievich
Published: August 2023

The subject of the study is the socio-cultural threats to the information security of Russian citizens associated with ChatGPT technologies (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer, a machine-generated text response generator simulating a dialogue). The object of research − evaluation of the ratio of advantages and threats of generative language models based on "machine learning" in modern (2021-2023) scientific literature (journals HAC K1, K2 and Scopus Q1, Q2). The scientific novelty of the research lies in the culturological approach to the analysis of threats to the security of Russian citizens associated with the use of ChatGPT as one of the technologies of "artificial intelligence". The formulation of the problem of the classical Turing test "to distinguish a person from a machine" is characterized as a scholastic abstraction, instead a more correct and productive approach is proposed: a socio-cultural assessment of the value (based on cultural axiology) of new computer technologies. The starting point of the analysis is the determination of socio-cultural value (or, conversely, damage) as a result of the use of generative language models based on machine learning. Further, the contribution and responsibility of various socio-cultural subjects of its creation and application are revealed − user, creator and developer. The result of the application of the proposed approach is the deconstruction of the discourse of the "philosophy of artificial intelligence" in terms of uncritical translation of developer declarations intended for marketing and attracting financing. Hypertrophied perception, precariously balancing on the edge of utopia and dystopia, is assessed as a risk of incorrect identification and ranking of threats to information security. Assumptions about the hypothetical "superweapon of psychological warfare" mask modern incidents of cross-border leakage of confidential data, the risks of being held accountable for publishing deliberately false information and illegal content as a result of using ChatGPT. National security measures are recommended, including restrictive measures and increasing the general civil culture of information security of users, as well as the orientation of domestic developments of solutions of this type on traditional values, socio-cultural identity and interests of Russian citizens.
Biomechanical Effect of Ankle Ligament Injury in AO Type 44B2.1 Lateral Malleolus Fractures After Lateral Plate Fixation: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Olçar Hacı Ali , Mutu Halil Burak , Özer Alaettin , Kuru Tolgahan , Aydın Davut , Korkmaz Murat
Published: August 2023

Background: Distal fibula fractures at the ankle level are common and are usually accompanied by ligament injuries. This study aims to evaluate the effects of ankle ligament ruptures on ankle joints, fracture instability, and plate stress after distal fibula fracture fixed with a plate created by finite element analysis modeling and loading applied to ligament rupture models that may accompany this fracture.

Methods: A finite element model consisting of three-dimensional fibula, tibia, foot bones, and ankle ligaments was designed to investigate the effects of ligament injuries accompanying plate-detected AO type 44B2.1 fractures on fracture detection, fixation material, and ankle joints. Then, the results were evaluated by modeling ligament rupture in six different ways.

Results: In the modeling where the deltoid and talofibular ligaments are broken together, instability is highest in the ankle (2.31 mm) and fracture line (0.15 mm). The rupture of the anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments associated with syndesmosis caused less instability in the fracture and ankle than the single-ligament rupture models of both the deltoid and talofibular ligaments.

Conclusions: In the finite element modeling of AO type 44B2.1 fractures detected with plate, the importance and potential effects of often-overlooked ankle ligament injuries are pointed out. Note that when treating ankle injuries, the ankle should be treated as a whole, with both bone and soft tissue. In some cases, the fracture may represent the visible tip of the iceberg.
Analysis of Salicylic Acid in Tobacco Leaves Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with UV Detection
Authors: Chen Wei-Ting , Wang Chiung-I , Fu Shih-Feng , Lin Yang-Wei
Published: August 2023

A simple and inexpensive capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with UV detection method was used to determine salicylic acid (SA) and six structural analogs (benzoic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, methyl salicylate, and jasmonic acid). All of the compounds were successfully separated within a migration period of 6 min, with a high number of theoretical plates (>37,000, calculated using the width at the base of the SA peak), in 20.0 mmol L-1 Na2HPO4/H3BO3 buffer (pH 9.0) containing 2.0% methanol and 2.0% acetonitrile. The regression line for SA was linear over the range 0.5–200 µmol L-1. Both the intra- and inter-day precisions of the migration time (relative standard deviations, RSDs, 0.6% and 4.7%, respectively) and peak area (RSDs 0.9% and 7.3%, respectively) were acceptable. The proposed method was used to determine the SA concentrations in tobacco leaves ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) from the Xanthi-nc ( NN genotype) and the Nt-NahG mutant strains that had been irradiated with UV (254 nm) for 20 min and the ones that had not been irradiated. Rapid separation (<6 min), good reproducibilities (RSDs < 11.9%), and good recoveries (94.7–118%) were obtained in the tobacco leaf analyses.
Effect of Surfactant Tail Structure on Phase Behavior of Branched and Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Water and Oil Ternary Systems
Authors: Al Bawab Abeer , Bozeya Ayat , Odeh Fadwa
Published: August 2023

Systematic investigations into the phase behavior of a ternary system of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) or branched alkyl benzene sulfonate (BAS) in oil (corn or olive oil) and water were carried out. The study showed that there is a relationship between the surfactants’ chemical structure, aggregation properties, and the formation of micelles. The aggregation properties were dramatically affected by small structural variations of the hydrophobic group at constant carbon number. Micelles formation was found to be correlated with the extent of chain branching by affecting oil-water interfacial tension, where the branched alkyl tail has significantly more ability to form micelles than the linear one. It was found possible to distinguish between LAS and BAS based on their phase behavior.
Characterization of Phytic acid in Tempered Canned Red kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) using Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Kassama Lamin S. , Sanusi Temitope O.
Published: August 2023

Rapid and non-invasive analytical method for quality control is a priority for the food industry, hence the objective of this study is to use Raman spectroscopy (RS) to identify phytic acid in RKB. Phytic Acid was extracted from treated ground dry RKB, while standard concentration of PA was prepared from a PA solution 50% w/w. Extracted samples and standard solutions were analyzed using the RS. The laser light beams focused on the PA samples generated molecular bond vibrations which resulted to inelastic scattering of photons in the light beam. The result showed that P-O-C, and P=O which are bonds identified with PA emitted light intensities at wavelength 858.13, and 1198.04 nm, respectively. Correlation (0.93) was established between results obtained for the standard RAMAN spectroscopy method and UV spectrophotometric method. Canned BL treatments showed increased concentration with blanched samples with lowest concentration (0.1175 g/mL) for P-O-C. Thus, the correlation established is indicative that the RS has potential applications in the food industry.
Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller for Attitude Coordinated Control in Spacecraft Formation
Authors: Xin Wen , Shasha Zhu , Xingwang Zhang
Published: August 2023

The attitude coordinated control problem of a spacecraft formation in leader-follower approach is considered in this paper. An adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control scheme is designed to achieve tracking and synchronization in spacecraft formation in the presence of model uncertainties and external disturbances. The proposed control law consists of two parts: equivalent control and switching control. In order to attenuate high-frequency chattering caused by the switching control, the adaptive fuzzy control is utilized to approximate the sign function of the switching control. Moreover, fuzzy rules are employed to smooth the switching control based on the sliding surface. Lyapunov theory is applied to proof the stability of the closed-loop system. Finally, simulation results and comparative analysis are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Pharmacological Properties of the Plant Aerva lanata-A Narrative Review
Authors: Preeja B , Bindhu D , Rani A Jamuna
Published: August 2023

Aerva lanata (Linn.) Juss.ex Schult is a woody, succulent, perennial herb belonging to the family Amaranthaceae commonly found in Asia and Africa. It is a common weed that grows everywhere in the plains of Asia. It is locally called ‘bui’or ‘polpala’. It is familiar in the name of knot grass. These are branching shrubs. This plant is included in Dasapushpam, the ten sacred flowers of Kerala. The different parts of the plant have different functions. It belongs to the group Pashanabheda used to cure urinary stone. This is a traditional plant in India used for many purposes including antibacterial, antiparasitic, antiasthmatic, antioxidant, anti-infertility, antihypoglycaemic, antidiabetic, antilipidemic, antitumour, hepatoprotective, diuretic and anti urolithiatic, and immunomodulatory. Aerva lanata plant comprises of many phytochemicals including alkaloid, flavanoid, phenol, tannin, protein, amino acid and carbohydrate, which are responsible for the pharmacological activity. This review focuses on the general information regarding the pharmacological value of the plant Aerva lanata.
Development of a Disaster-resilience-based Priority Index Assessment Model for Road Recovery
Authors: Sim Jaewoong , Cho Gi-Hyoug
Published: August 2023

The concept of disaster response routes for damage reduction has emerged owing to recent large-scale earthquakes. Disaster response routes play an important role in the initial disaster response and recovery by evacuating populations and transferring supplies for disaster response. This study estimated the importance of each road that can be used as a disaster response route after the outbreak of disaster from the viewpoint of disaster resilience and network centrality and developed six types of priority indexes for road recovery based on the purpose of disaster recovery and the function of the disaster response route. Using these priority indexes developed in this study, critical roads for disaster recovery can be identified in short- and long-term periods. Disaster recovery is assumed to improve if disaster response routes are promptly assigned and restored based on these priority indexes.
A Study on the Effect of Stack Effect on Performance Change of Underground Parking Area Smoke Control System Using Simulation
Authors: Hwang Woonyong
Published: August 2023

Recently, constructed large-scale high-rise buildings, multiple cores are often interconnected with an underground parking area. Performance variations of the smoke control system were observed when operating in this interconnected structure. Particularly, the pressure difference varied as the underground parking area, connected to several cores, underwent modifications. A correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the fluctuating pressure differences. The findings indicated that the pressure difference was inversely proportional to the underground parking area. Moreover, the analysis revealed no correlation between evaluating a single core and simultaneously analyzing two cores. However, the variations in pressure difference were minimal and did not impact the performance of the smoke control system.
Evaluation of the Bond Shear Strength and Corrosion Resistance of Concrete with Setting Retarder
Authors: Son Jin-Su , Lee Jin-Young*
Published: August 2023

In this study, the bond shear strength and corrosion resistance of concrete with setting retarders were evaluated. For this, slant shear, bi-surface, and accelerated corrosion tests were conducted. The variables considered included the proportion of the setting retarder (0 and 1%), surface treatments of concrete (as-cast, chipping, and brushing), curing hours (8, 16, and 24 h), and concrete cover depths (20, 30, and 45 mm). Consequently, the bond shear strength of concrete with the retarder showed a higher value than that of normal concrete. Moreover, an increase in curing hours resulted in a higher value of the bond shear strength. Furthermore, the addition of a retarder in concrete increased corrosion resistance. Based on the test results, the addition of a setting retarder is believed to be a suitable solution to address the bond shear strength and durability issues that may arise at the interface of delayed concrete placement.
Liquefaction-induced Soil-Pile Dynamic Interactions in Inclined Ground
Authors: Kang Gichun , Yang Yeongchan , Ueda Kyohei , Yun Seong-Kyu
Published: August 2023

Damage from earthquakes is relatively larger on inclined ground rather than on flat ground. Therefore, awareness on the importance of evaluating disaster risks on inclined ground is increasing. In particular, when piles are installed in the ground, the dynamic interaction between the ground and the pile is considerably complex, making it difficult to clearly determine the characteristics of the slope and pile. Therefore, this study numerically analyzed using centrifuge model test data with a laminar shear box and interpreted the lateral boundary of the numerical analysis section as a circulatory boundary. The excess pore water pressure, horizontal displacement of the pile, and input and response accelerations were compared and analyzed using the centrifuge model test in the numerical analysis. Consequently, the proposed numerical analysis technique could well predict the dynamic behavior of a pile installed in inclined ground.
Analysis of Spatial Patterns Among Vulnerable Groups in the Community Vulnerable to Heat Waves from the Perspective of Environmental Justice
Authors: Oh Sangwon , Ha Dongoh , Jung Juchul
Published: August 2023

Currently, the number of human casualties and damages is continuously increasing owing to increases in the daily maximum temperature and number of heat wave days caused by climate change. Therefore, considering the class vulnerable to heat waves and setting standards for the vulnerable class expected to suffer substantial damage are essential. Therefore, in terms of time and space, this study selected heatwave-vulnerable areas according to the heatwave vulnerability index, targeting cities, counties, and districts nationwide from 2010 to 2018, and performed spatial analysis using Moran's I spatial autocorrelation analysis and LISA cluster map analysis. proceeded. The spatial correlation between socially vulnerable living and activity areas and the heat wave risk area was confirmed, and the area of environmental negativity for applying an extreme heat shelter policy was derived.
Prediction of Limit of Heat Release Rate during Flashover in a Compartment Space
Authors: Lee Byeong-Heun
Published: August 2023

This study derives a predictive equation for calculating the marginal heat release rate of flashover in a compartmentalized space. Moreover, other variables (in addition to the surface area and opening area of the compartment, which are used as variables is existing studies) were derived and modified. By collecting and analyzing the results of existing flashover experiments, the thermal inertia of the compartment wall was judged to be a variable that directly affects the indoor temperature rise. An equation constructed using this variable was found to be up to 6.5% more reliable than the existing predictive equations. However, for use in design prediction, the developed equation had to be adjusted to derive values lower than the experimental results; thus, an equation that corrected the safety rate was derived. From this calculation, a design prediction equation was derived, from which flashover is predicted to occur before the time predicted in existing experiments.
Ultra‐Thin Ceramic Substrates for Improved Heat sinking for MicroLEDs
Authors: McGinn Christine K. , Kumar Vikrant , Noga Megan , Lamport Zachary , Kymissis Ioannis
Published: August 2023

Micro light emitting diodes (MicroLEDs) provide unrivaled luminance and operating lifetime, which has led to significant activity using devices for display and non‐display applications. The small size and high power density of microLEDs, however, causes increased adverse heating effects that can limit performance. A new generation of electrically insulating high thermal conductivity materials, such as alumina, is proposed to mitigate these thermal effects when used as a substrate as an alternative to glass. This strategy can then be used as a method of passive heat sinking to improve the overall performance of the microLED. In this work, a newly available material, an 80 micron thick alumina ceramic substrate, is shown to yield a 30 % improvement on average in the maximum current drive over a glass substrate.
Ultrathin, Flexible, and Reusable Silicon Shadow Masks Manipulated via Transfer Printing
Authors: Lee Sangyeop , So Chan , Sim Kyu Min , Son ChangHee , Chung Dae Sung , Kim Seok
Published: August 2023

Stencil lithography is a facile patterning technique that offers a potential solution to the limitations of conventional photolithography. However, several critical factors such as enhanced pattern resolution, ability to pattern on nonplanar surfaces, and multilayer patterning should further be addressed to extend the applications of stencil lithography. This study presents a novel ultrathin silicon shadow mask which is flexible, reusable, and able to be precisely aligned and manipulated through transfer printing. The small thickness of the silicon shadow mask inherently provides it with the enhanced resolution patterning on both planar and nonplanar surfaces. To highlight these attractive benefits, substrates are patterned with metal deposition as well as by etching in a multilayer configuration. Moreover, it is found that the pattern resolution which is degraded as the shadow mask is repeatedly coated with metal and becomes warped can be restored after the mask cleaning procedure, demonstrating its effective reusability. Finally, as a device‐level application, top contact/bottom gate organic thin film transistor arrays are fabricated on both planar and curved surfaces using the shadow mask. These results show the promise of stencil lithography as a versatile and reliable high resolution patterning method for various applications by exploiting the presented ultrathin silicon shadow mask.
High‐Performance Neutral Zinc‐Air Batteries Based on Hybrid Zinc/Carbon Nanotube Fiber Anodes
Authors: Chen Hao , Li Luhe , Wang Lie , Li Fangyan , Wang Jiacheng , Jiao Yiding , Zhang Ye
Published: August 2023

Neutral zinc‐air batteries are considered potential wearable energy storage devices due to their high theoretical energy density, superior safety, and low cost. However, the current performance of neutral zinc‐air batteries is severely influenced by the zinc anodes. The pure zinc anode can be comminuted during charge and discharge cycles due to its unstable electrode structure, resulting in the failure of electrical contact. As a result, the battery exhibits low capacity and short cycle life. In addition, the pure zinc anodes show slow reaction kinetics in neutral electrolytes, which causes the battery to perform low power density and poor energy efficiency. Besides, pure zinc anodes own high bending stiffness, which cannot meet the demands for powering flexible electronics. Herein, a new kind of hybrid zinc/carbon nanotube fiber anode with a stable electrode structure, high reaction activity, as well as high flexibility is proposed to produce high‐performance neutral zinc‐air batteries. The fabricated fiber battery showed a high specific capacity and maximum power density of 645.3 mAh g−1 and 615.8 mW g−1, respectively. Furthermore, a high energy efficiency of 71% is achieved, the highest among the reported neutral zinc‐air batteries. The entire fiber battery is highly flexible, highlighting its potential for wearable energy storage applications.
Derivatives Based on Cyclodextrin Structure for Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions and Organic Pollutants in Wastewater
Authors: Shang Wanchuan , Wang Xueyin , Zhang Xiaoning , Zhang Caidi , Huang Xueli , Li Kaihong
Published: August 2023

This study provides a solution for the treatment of heavy metal ions as well as common organic pollutants in water by adsorption, which contributes to the achievement of sustainable development goals. In this work, a new adsorption material, β‐cyclodextrin‐acrylic acid‐acrylamide (CD‐AA‐AM‐MBA), is synthesized. The structure of the materials is characterized and analyzed using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Xray diffraction spectroscopy(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). The effects of initial ion concentration, contact time, and different pH values on the adsorption performance are studied. Under the optimized conditions, the adsorption capacity in CD‐AA‐AM‐MBA of Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Methylene Blue(MB), Methyl Orange(MO), phenol, m‐cresol and p‐cresol are 58.66, 326, 48.5, 58.27, 51.34, 6.63, 3.7 and 5.91 mg g−1.
Local and global gas–liquid mass transfer in a micro‐packed bed reactor utilizing a noninvasive colorimetric technique
Authors: Liu Wei , Xie Bingqi , Luo Jing , Zhang Chenghao , Zhang Jisong
Published: August 2023

Micro‐packed bed reactor (μPBR) presents great potential in the field of multiphase reactions due to the features of safety and high efficiency. However, the deeper cognition of mass transfer needs to be taken into consideration that is the foundation of reactor design. In this work, local and global gas–liquid mass transfer in the μPBR were studied utilizing a noninvasive colorimetric technique. In reactor level, the qualitative and quantitative comparisons were conducted; in particle level, liquid flow and mass transfer textures were assessed for the first time. The diversities of local mass transfer characteristics from temporal and spatial dimensions were obtained, and the heterogeneity of local and global mass transfer was revealed. The predicted correlations of in μPBR with churn flow and pseudo‐static flow were established with deviations generally within ±18%. This study contributes to improve the understanding of mass transfer and points out the process intensification direction of μPBR.
Self‐Regulated Self‐Healing Robotic Gripper for Resilient and Adaptive Grasping
Authors: Wang Huijiang , Terryn Seppe , Wang Zhanwei , Van Assche Guy , Iida Fumiya , Vanderborght Bram
Published: August 2023

Flexible, soft materials are increasingly used for the fabrication of soft robots, as the inherent compliance and shock‐absorbance protect the robot from mechanical impact. Soft universal grippers take full advantage of this adaptability, facilitating effective and safe grasping of various objects. However, due to their predominantly soft material composition, these grippers have limited lifetimes, especially when operating in unstructured and unfamiliar environments. The self‐healing universal gripper (SHUG) is proposed, which can grasp various objects and recover from substantial realistic damages autonomously. It integrates damage detection, heat‐assisted healing, and healing evaluation. Notably, unlike other universal grippers, the entire SHUG can be fully reprocessed and recycled. The gripper's functionality relies on the particle jamming of steel balls enclosed within a self‐healing membrane. Thanks to the thermoreversible covalent Diels–Alder bonds in self‐healing polymer membrane, the gripper is able to recover from macroscopic damages including scratches and punctures. Temperature‐assisted healing is regulated in a closed‐loop manner using an embedded thermocouple and Joule heater. Experimental validation demonstrates the adaptability, resilience, and recyclability of the SHUG.
AT(N) biomarker profiles and Alzheimer's disease symptomology in Down syndrome
Authors: Hartley Sigan L. , Handen Benjamin , Tudorascu Dana , Lee Laisze , Cohen Annie , Schworer Emily K. , Peven Jamie C. , Zammit Matthew , Klunk William , Laymon Charles , Minhas Davneet , Luo Weiquan , Zaman Shahid , Ances Beau , Preboske Gregory , Christian Bradley T. ,   the Alzheimer Biomarker Consortium – Down Syndrome
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic cause of early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). The National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association AT(N) Research Framework is a staging model for AD biomarkers but has not been assessed in DS.

METHOD

Data are from the Alzheimer's Biomarker Consortium–Down Syndrome. Positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid beta (Aβ; 15 mCi of [11C]Pittsburgh compound B) and tau (10 mCi of [18F]AV‐1451) were used to classify amyloid (A) –/+ and tau (T) +/–. Hippocampal volume classified neurodegeneration (N) –/+. The modified Cued Recall Test assessed episodic memory.

RESULTS

Analyses included 162 adults with DS (aged M = 38.84 years, standard deviation = 8.41). Overall, 69.8% of participants were classified as A–/T–/(N)–, 11.1% were A+/T–/(N)–, 5.6% were A+/T+/(N)–, and 9.3% were A+/T+/(N)+. Participants deemed cognitively stable were most likely to be A–T–(N)– and A+T–(N)–. Tau PET (T+) most closely aligning with memory impairment and AD clinical status.

DISCUSSION

Findings add to understanding of AT(N) biomarker profiles in DS.

Highlights

Overall, 69.8% of adults with Down syndrome (DS) aged 25 to 61 years were classified as amyloid (A)–/tau (T)–/neurodegeneration (N)–, 11.1% were A+/T–/(N)–, 5.6% were A+/T+/(N)–, and 9.3% were A+/T+/(N)+.

The AT(N) profiles were associated with clinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) status and with memory performance, with the presence of T+ aligned with AD clinical symptomology.

Findings inform models for predicting the transition to the prodromal stage of AD in DS.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Arylation‐Induced Glycolate Aldol Additions of Silyl Glyoxylates
Authors: Turman Nolan C. , Smith Kendrick L. , Crawford Evan T. , Robins Jacob G. , Weber Kathryn M. , Liu Shubin , Johnson Jeffrey S.
Published: August 2023

(Diene)Rh(I) complexes catalyze the stereoselective three‐component coupling of silyl glyoxylates, arylboronic acids, and aldehydes to give glycolate aldol products. The participation of Rh‐alkoxides in the requisite Brook rearrangement was established through two component Rh‐catalyzed couplings of silyl glyoxylates with ArB(OH)2 to give silyl‐protected mandelate derivatives. The intermediacy of a chiral Rh‐enolate was inferred through enantioselective protonation using a chiral Rh‐catalyst. Diastereoselective three‐component couplings with aldehydes as terminating electrophiles to give racemic products were best achieved with a bulky aryl ester on the silyl glyoxylate reagent. Optimal enantioselective couplings were carried out with the tert‐butyl ester variant using an anisole‐derived enantiopure tricyclo[3.2.2.02,4]nonadiene ligand.
Optimal tracking performance of network time‐delay systems with multiple constraints
Authors: Du Yang , Yang Qingsheng , Zhan Xisheng , Wu Jie
Published: August 2023

This paper investigates the optimal tracking performance based on the codec, colored noise, and bandwidth constraints in the network time‐delay systems. Choosing the optimal two‐degree‐of‐freedom compensator and the dominant expression of the system optimal tracking performance is obtained after Youla parameterization by using the coprime factorizations method and spectral decomposition technology. The result shows that the tracking performance of the system is determined by the nonminimum phase zero and unstable pole of the controlled plant. Moreover, codec, colored noise, and bandwidth constraints can also significantly impact the performance. Finally, two simulation examples prove the accuracy of the theory.
Optimal coordination in logistics warehousing with sensing and communication limits: A distributed differential game approach
Authors: Xue Wenyan , Zhan Siyuan , Chen Nan , Huang Jie
Published: August 2023

Optimal coordination is essential for multi‐automated guided vehicle (AGV) systems, particularly in logistic transportation cases, where the system task completion time needs to be minimized, with the guarantee of safe operation. This is because an optimal coordination strategy (OCS), if achieved, can significantly improve the transportation system's efficiency. In this paper, to deal with the dynamic interaction process among AGVs, and sensing and communication range limits, we formulate the optimal coordination problem into a distributed differential game (DDG) framework, where individual AGVs only use information communicated from nearby AGVs to design their optimal operation trajectories. This helps to significantly reduce the computational and communication requirements for the multi‐AGV logistic transportation systems. Targeting operation safety and working efficiency requirements, we incorporate collision avoidance and trajectory optimization objectives into the proposed framework. It is shown that local OCS, obtained by solving the DDG problem for each AGV, will converge to the global Nash equilibrium, which represents the most efficient operating condition for the entire logistic transportation system. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated, based on simulations and experiments, benchmarked with existing logistic warehousing planning and differential game methods. Compared with conventional methods, the proposed framework successfully helps reduce the task completion time by up to 16%.
Thermo‐economic assessment of a bench‐scale pyrolysis unit through a process simulator
Authors: Dhaundiyal Alok , Toth Laszlo
Published: August 2023

This article focuses on the holistic appraisal of a pilot‐scale updraft reactor (E1) powered by the processed residue of forest waste (W1) and hog fuel (W2). The detailed analysis of the up‐draft unit includes the availability of energy, economic evaluation, and the determination of the lignocellulose content of the pine waste. The reformed structure of the pine pellet was used for gas, bio‐oil, and char generation. The Aspen HYSYS process simulator was used for simulation purposes and the results were validated with the solution obtained experimentally. For the measurement of the constituent contents of the pine needles, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) procedure was adopted. To investigate the similitude of the packed bed reactor, the Soave–Redlich–Kwong model was considered. For comparison of the given prototype, five different reactor types – conversion (R1), equilibrium (R2), Gibbs (R3), continuous stir tank (CST) (R4) and plug flow (R5) – were juxtaposed and their thermodynamic behavior was evaluated. From structural composition, it was noticed that the cellulose and hemicellulose(s) content dropped by 24.95% and 37.37%, respectively, whereas a rise of 23.33% was seen in the acid‐insoluble lignin (AIL) fraction of forest waste after the torrefaction process. Irrespective of the fuel type, the unconsumed fuel percentage was the same for both wood and processed residue pellets for R5. The relative percentage of methane increased by 1% for processed forest residue. The CO2 emission was estimated to be maximum for reactors R3 and R4. The O2 gain was absent in the R2 reactor. Concomitantly, it gained momentum in R1, R3, and R4. The simulated polytropic equations of state for W1 and W2 were PV1.083 = C and PV1.092 = C, respectively. The levelized cost of energy dropped by 12.50% while scaling up a pyrolysis unit.
Decision‐making styles and goal striving
Authors: Bavolar Jozef , Kacmar Pavol , Lovas Ladislav , Durbisova Simona
Published: August 2023

While previous research has demonstrated the role of decision‐making styles in attaining various real‐life outcomes, it has neglected to explore the underlying goal‐related processes in terms of goal dimensions (ways in which people appraise their goals during goal striving). The present study examines whether the most studied decision‐making styles are related to self‐reported effort, goal progress, and action crisis as well as other goal dimensions. We conducted 14 studies (mutual conceptual replications) with Ntotal = 2574 (70% females) which included the General Decision‐Making Styles questionnaire and various goal‐related scales. The results from the mini meta‐analysis showed that the rational and intuitive styles were positively related to the goal dimensions associated with successful goal pursuit (e.g., goal commitment, goal attainability, positive emotions, and goal progress), while the avoidant style was mainly related to various difficulties associated with goal striving (e.g., controlled motivation, negative emotions, and action crisis). The dependent and especially spontaneous styles were found to be very weakly associated with the selected goal dimensions. When the separate studies were analyzed in the regression analyses and more process‐oriented goal dimensions were accounted for, decision‐making styles were only minor predictors of self‐reported effort expenditure, goal progress and action crisis. The study highlights the need and usefulness of a more nuanced processual approach in the research of individual decision‐making differences in goal‐directed behavior.
How generous interface affect user experience and behavior: Evaluating the information display interface for museum cultural heritage
Authors: Li Qiang , Wang Peng , Liu Zexue , Wang Changsheng
Published: August 2023

Museum web interfaces continue to be important in how users search for information and navigate through digital cultural heritage resources. A generous interface was deemed appropriate for displaying large amounts of digital cultural heritage. However, more example verification is required in this field of study. This study compared the traditional interface and the generous interface of the Liaoning Provincial Museum to investigate the role of a generous interface for cultural heritage collections. Forty second‐year design graduate students were randomly assigned to one of two interface groups: traditional interface or generous interface. Four variables were measured to compare the differences between the two interfaces for the participants. In addition, two parameters, holding time and average retrieval time, are recorded and used to evaluate and compare the impact of the two interfaces on user behavior. The generous interface, according to the findings, is more effective than the traditional interface in increasing participants' engagement with cultural heritage and is perceived to be more aesthetically pleasing. In addition, the generous interface has been proven to be more suitable for casual leisure users to explore cultural heritage information. This research provides the basis and reference for developing the web interface of cultural heritage collections.
“Not me” consumer justifications for not reporting suspected price‐fixing activities: Neutralization techniques & counterstrategies
Authors: Wong Phoebe , Vanharanta Markus , Wan Calvin , Lo Man Fung
Published: August 2023

Price‐fixing, an anti‐competitive activity by firms, raises consumer prices, limits consumer choices, and violates the law. Drawing on the neutralization theory, this study aims to investigate consumer participation in anti‐price‐fixing efforts. This is important as the government's strategy of combating price‐fixing often relies on tip‐offs from the public. Accordingly, this study examines consumer willingness to come forward to file a complaint of suspected price‐fixing cases to authorities and the justifications provided by participants for their reluctance. Focus group interviews were conducted with twenty‐three participants. The findings revealed that although the participants agreed that price‐fixing is unethical and unjust, they were reluctant to file a complaint to report suspected price‐fixing activities to authorities. This study makes theoretical contributions to uncover five neutralization techniques used by the participants to reconcile their negative feelings. Three new counterstrategies have not been explored or discussed in previous studies. This contributes to a new line of inquiry about consumer responses to price‐fixing.
Anion‐Dependent Reactivity of Mono‐ and Dinuclear Boron Cations
Authors: Röther Alexander , Farmer James C. , Portwich Flavio L. , Görls Helmar , Kretschmer Robert
Published: August 2023

The dinuclear bis(N‐heterocyclic carbene) borane adduct 2 rapidly reacts with tritylium salts at room temperature but the outcome is strongly impacted by the respective counter‐ion. Using tritylium tetrakis(perfluoro‐tert‐butoxy)aluminate affords – depending on the solvent – either the bis(boronium) ion 4 or the hydride‐bridged dication 5. In case of tritylium hexafluorophosphate, however, H/F exchange occurs between boron and phosphorus yielding the dinuclear BF3 adduct 3 along with phosphorus dihydride trifluoride. H/F exchange also takes place when using the mononuclear N‐heterocyclic carbene BH3 adduct 6 and hence provides a facile route to PH2F3, which is usually synthesized in more complex reaction sequences regularly involving toxic hydrogen fluoride. DFT calculations shed light on the H/F exchange between the borenium ion and the [PF6]− counter‐ion and the computed mechanism features only small barriers in line with the experimental observations.
Cannabinoids for symptom management in children with cancer: It’s complicated
Authors: Spraker‐Perlman Holly L. , Heidelberg R. Elyse
Published: August 2023

Data surrounding the use of cannabinoids for symptom management in children with cancer are heterogeneous and extremely limited. Well‐designed clinical trials with specific indications, products, and outcome metrics are required before cannabinoids should be considered in frontline cancer care in children.
Lost in the shadow of giants: The neglected treatment modalities in oncologic trials
Authors: Mohammadi Homan , Schoenfeld Jonathan D.
Published: August 2023

Phase 3 clinical trial trends demonstrate a widening gap between the rates of systemic and local therapy trials, with the former increasing whereas the latter stagnates. This editorial provides an overview of the key points found by Sherry and colleagues in their analysis of >700 trials and allows for actionable interventions in the design of future trials to optimize clinical outcomes and dissemination into practice.
Role of EBUS‐TBNA/EUS‐FNA and mass spectrometry for diagnosis and typing of lymph node amyloidosis: 10‐year experience in two tertiary care academic centers
Authors: Naqvi Asghar , Bonert Michael , Finley Christian , Czarnecka‐Kujawa Katarzyna , Yasufuku Kazuhiro , Schwock Joerg , Kulasingam Vathany , John Rohan , Ko Hyang‐Mi
Published: August 2023

Background

The objectives of this study were to investigate the utility of endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA)/endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) for the diagnosis of amyloidosis coupled with the feasibility of mass spectrometry (MS) for amyloid subtyping.

Methods

All patients who had amyloid diagnosed by EBUS‐TBNA/EUS‐FNA at two tertiary care centers from 2011 to 2020 were retrieved along with the MS subtype, clinical findings, and outcomes.

Results

Eight patients were included: seven underwent EBUS‐TBNA of mediastinal lymph nodes, and one underwent EUS‐FNA of a periportal lymph node. Ages ranged from 37 to 79 years (median, 69 years), with equal numbers of men and women. Presenting clinical history included one case each of follicular lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis, possible sarcoid, cirrhosis, and chronic renal insufficiency, and one case each of suspected pulmonary and cardiac amyloidosis. All cases showed waxy, amorphous material on direct smears (n = 5) or ThinPrep slides (n = 3), which were confirmed as amyloid on Congo Red staining. Immunohistochemistry showed dominant lambda staining in two of three cases. MS was performed in all cases and identified five of the light‐chain (AL) type, one of the heavy‐chain/AL type, and two suggestive of AL amyloidosis. Bone marrow biopsy performed in seven patients demonstrated that three had monoclonal plasma cells and one had lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Two of four patients with systemic amyloidosis received chemotherapy and remained alive, whereas three with localized disease remained stable under observation.

Conclusions

EBUS‐TBNA/EUS‐FNA is effective for amyloidosis diagnosis and provides adequate material for ancillary tests, including MS, which can identify the precursor amyloidogenic protein, leading to appropriate patient management.
Computational Study on Piperazine‐1,4‐Diium Acetate Using Dft Investigations: Structural Aspects, Topological and Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Steffy Adlin D. , Dhas D. Arul , Joe I. Hubert , Balachandran S.
Published: August 2023

The work aims to investigate the nonlinear optical (NLO) activity of piperazine‐1,4‐diium acetate (PAA) molecule utilizing computational techniques. The computational calculations are performed using density functional theory (DFT) to explore the vibrational modes, electronic and NLO properties of PAA by comparing them with piperazine and acetic acid molecules. The natural bond orbital analysis is performed to identify hydrogen bonding and charge transfer interaction. A vibrational analysis is carried out and the assignment of fundamental modes is done using the vibrational energy distribution analysis (VEDA) program. Molecular electrostatic potential, frontier molecular orbital, electron localization function, localized orbital locator and Fukui analysis are carried out to identify chemical reactivity and charge transfer interaction. The UV–visible analysis is performed to obtain the electronic absorption spectrum. The hole–electron analysis is performed for the first five excitations to identify the type of excitation. The atoms in molecules, reduced density gradient and independent gradient model are performed to identify the hydrogen bonding, steric and van der Waals interactions. Hirshfeld analysis is performed to explore the intermolecular interactions within the PAA molecule. The NLO calculation is performed to evaluate the NLO parameters. The obtained results show that the PAA molecule is suitable for NLO applications.