bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Эпидемиологическая обстановка по COVID-19 в странах Европейского региона ВОЗ.
Authors: Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Зимирова Анастасия , Касьян Жанетта
Published: July 2021

В обзоре кратко изложены основные характеристики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в Европейском регионе ВОЗ. Из-за географической близости, развитой транспортной сети, активной международной торговле Европейский регион по сути представляет собой единое эпидемиологическое пространство, несмотря на периодическое введение запретов на въезд.
Abuso de poder e abuso de autoridade no exercício das funções legislativa e jurisdicional à luz da Nova lei de abuso de autoridade – Lei 13.869/19
Authors: Martins Ricardo Marcondes
Published: July 2021

Enfrentam-se, neste estudo, algumas questões controvertidas sobre o abuso de poder e o abuso de autoridade, tendo em vista a nova lei de abuso de autoridade (Lei 13.869/19). O abuso de poder subjetivo é incompatível com a função legislativa e com a função jurisdicional. Examinou-se a responsabilidade do magistrado pelo descumprimento de súmulas vinculantes ou pela violação dos tipos dos arts. 9º a 38 da Lei 13.869/19. O magistrado responde pela atuação dolosa, mas, regra geral, não responde pela culposa. Os magistrados que incidem em erros graves de interpretação devem ser punidos com a imposição de cursos de aprimoramento. Regra geral, é ilícita a prisão pela mera suspeita e a condução coercitiva do acusado. Do mesmo modo, o magistrado que as determina responde apenas se agiu com dolo; se agiu com culpa grave, fica sujeito, observados alguns condicionamentos, à imposição de realização de cursos de aprimoramento.
Riscos e possibilidades do ativismo judicial na democracia
Authors: Gesta Leal Rogério
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar em que medida é possível conciliar ativismo judicial e democracia, considerando principalmente os desafios que se apresentam as relações sociais contemporâneas. A justificativa desta proposta se sustenta no fato de que o Poder Judiciário tem sido cada vez mais procurado para dar conta de demandas envolvendo as insuficiências das politicas públicas governamentais em face de direitos fundamentais. Demarcamos como problema da abordagem verificar se é possível superar eventuais tensões entre o excesso de ativismo judicial e a democracia enquanto representação politica também institucional de outros poderes, e como hipótese a premissa de que deva-se adotar, para a solução do problema, perspectiva ampliada da atuação do Poder Judiciário a partir da compreensão igualmente oxigenada da Democracia e dos seus outros legítimos protagonistas, sob pena do esvaziamento de instancias importantes de deliberação e decisão política quotidiano. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho foi a hipotética dedutiva.
Severe Talonavicular Osteoarthritis After a Neglected Navicular Stress Fracture
Authors: Morio Hidenori , Sugimoto Kazuya , Isomoto Shinji , Nakamoto Yusuke , Samoto Norihiro , Tanaka Yasuhito
Published: July 2021

Case:

A 17-year-old high school rugby player complained of right midfoot pain for 18 months. Radiographs showed severe osteoarthritic changes in the right talonavicular joint. A navicular fracture, talonavicular joint narrowing, a talar head cyst, and proximal navicular fragmentation were detected on computed tomography (CT). The patient underwent removal of the osteochondral fragments and fracture reduction and returned to rugby 8 months postoperatively. CT showed a remodeling of the talonavicular joint 2 years postoperatively.

Conclusion:

In a young athlete, reconstruction of the talonavicular joint should be attempted before joint fusion, even if the joint shows signs of secondary osteoarthritis.
Arterial Fat Embolism in a Pediatric Patient with Femur Fracture
Authors: Toto Regina , Friedlaender Eron Y. , Nace Gary W. , Arkader Alexandre , Levin L. Scott
Published: July 2021

Case:

Here, we present the case of a pediatric polytrauma patient found to have lower extremity intra-arterial fat embolism causing ischemic necrosis and ultimately necessitating below-the-knee amputation.

Conclusion:

Fat embolism, a common complication of long bone fractures in adults, can be associated with significant morbidity. Although rare, it should be considered among the possible etiologies for a pulseless limb after trauma. Early fracture stabilization may prevent fat embolism and fat embolism syndrome; however, there is no known definitive treatment, and management is supportive.
Use of an Intraoperative Limb Positioner for Adjustable Distraction in Acetabulum Fractures with Femoral Head Protrusion
Authors: Goodnough Lawrence Henry , Olsen Thomas , Hidden Krystin , DeBaun Malcolm R. , Kleweno Conor P.
Published: July 2021

Case:

Anatomic reduction of acetabular fractures with femoral head protrusion requires lateralization of the medialized femoral head to facilitate reduction and definitive fixation. In this case of a 71-year-old man with an associated both column acetabular fracture with femoral head medialization after a fall from a 10 foot ladder, we present the successful use of a novel reduction technique involving a modified arthroscopic limb positioner to provide adjustable distraction and counteract the deforming force in this injury pattern.

Conclusion:

A limb positioner can provide appropriate on-table traction in pelvis and acetabular surgery to neutralize deforming forces and facilitate reduction and fixation.
АУТ-ТЕХНОЛОГИИ: ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ И ОГРАНИЧЕНИЯ. (ВЗГЛЯД С ПОЗИЦИИ HR-МЕНЕДЖЕРА)
Authors: ГРИНЕНКО Т.
Published: July 2021

В публикуемых научных работах эффективность применения ауттехнологий рассматривается с точки зрения управления затратами. В статье эта проблема рассматривается с позиции управления человеческими ресурсами. Показано, что данные технологии не позволяют в достаточной степени использовать современные методы работы с персоналом, ориентированные на формирование
его мотивации, рост профессионализма и компетентность, что ограничивает применение данных технологий.
ЭКОНОМИКО-МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РИСКАМИ ПРИ КОМПЛЕКСНОМ ОСВОЕНИИ ТЕРРИТОРИИ
Authors: БАБЕНКО С. , БАБЕНКО Г.
Published: July 2021

Выполнение инвестиционно-строительных проектов комплексного освоения территории в городской агломерации происходит в условиях воздействия разнообразных рисков. В статье предложена экономико-математическая модель управления рисками при их реализации. Программа «Управление рисками при
строительстве (реконструкции) объектов, входящих в проекты комплексного освоения территории в городской агломерации», разработанная на основе предложенного алгоритма, позволит органам управления процессом строительства (реконструкции) зданий реализовать ее на практике.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ТЕОРИИ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА К РЕШЕНИЮ ПРОБЛЕМ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ И ДЕМОГРАФИИ
Authors: БОНДАРЕВА А.
Published: July 2021

В статье прослежен генезис теории человеческого капитала. Классифицированы характеристики человеческого капитала как сущности. Определены формы инвестиций в человеческий капитал. Анализируются положения теории человеческого капитала применительно к особенностям экономики Республики Беларусь. Даются рекомендации по использованию закономерностей, выявленных теорией человеческого капитала для решения проблем экономического развития и демографии.
СТРАТЕГИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ СБЕРБАНКА НА ПЕРИОД 2014-2018 гг.
Authors: ГАБДРАХМАНОВА Н.
Published: July 2021

В статье автор рассматривает проблему управления организацией в условиях финансового кризиса, возможность использования руководством антикризисных методов управления, для выхода из сложившейся ситуации, на примере ОАО «Сбербанк России».
ПРИНЦИПЫ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ ИНСТИТУТОВ-КОРИДОРОВ Х-ЭКОНОМИКИ
Authors: КСЕНЗОВА В. , КСЕНЗОВ С.
Published: July 2021

Предпринята попытка обосновать категории «духовный императив» (spiritual imperative), «институт-коридор» (channel institute), «институт-носитель информации» (data carrier institute). В Х-экономике реализация энергии в экономическое действие организуется через формирование собственности как института-коридора, задающего направление движения в соответствии с духовным императивом. Институты редистрибуции и координации адекватны институту собственности. При этом особое значение приобретает процесс делегирования прав распоряжения общественной собственностью отдельным людям или группам людей.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN BANKS: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors: Glinkov N.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and methodological issues of interpretation of the essence of corporate governance in banks. According to the results of the study, it is established that today there is no common approach to determining the essence of corporate governance, despite the growing interest in recent years to the problem of its construction and effective functioning. In order to assess the effectiveness of corporate governance, it should be considered as a system.
Molecular Characterization of the Highest Risk Adult Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) through Multi-omics Clustering
Authors: Nguyen Trinh , Pepper John W , Nguyen Cu , Fan Yu , Hu Ying , Chen Qingrong , Yan Chunhua , Meerzaman Daoud
Published: July 2021

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clinically heterogeneous group of diseases with poor outcomes that are partly due to its complex and poorly understood heterogeneity. Methods: Here, we use a multi-omics approach to identify a molecular subgroup with the worst response to chemotherapy, and to identify promising drug targets specifically for this AML subgroup. Results: Multi-omics clustering analysis using RNA and CNA expression data resulted in the three primary clusters of 166 AML adult TCGA cancer cases. One of these clusters, which we label as the high-risk molecular subgroup (HRMS), consisted of cases that responded very poorly to standard chemotherapy, with only about 10% survival to two years. The gene TP53 was mutated in most cases in the HRMS, but not in other cases. The top 6 genes over-expressed in the HRMS included E2F4, CD34, CD109, MN1, MMLT3, and CD200. Multi-omics pathway analysis using RNA and CNA expression data identified in the HRMS subgroup over-expressed pathways related to immune function, cell proliferation, and DNA damage. Conclusion: Some AML patients are not successfully treated with the current standard of care chemotherapy, and urgently need targeted therapeutics. Potential drug targets include over-expressed genes E2F4, and MN1, as well as mutations in TP53, and several molecular pathways.
The Preventive and Treatment of the Neuroinflammasome in Sorokdo National Hospital
Authors: Lee Jong-Hoon , Lee Chul Joong , Lee So Jeong , Choi Su-Hee , Oh Sang-Suk , Park Jungwuk
Published: July 2021

Objective: This study investigated leprosy patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) treated with 4,4’-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS, Dapsone) as a neuroinflammasome competitor. Method: We searched all the Sorokdo National Hospital medical records and the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea and when the Korean government computerized the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 code and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). The Seoul study analyzed AD, and anti-AD drugs in the Sorokdo National Hospital's EDI database archived from January 2005 to June 2020 through the ICD-9 and -10 codes with National Health Insurance System. Result: The relation between DDS and AD each year was analyzed using the chi-square tests. P-values from 2007 to 2020 were significant. (P-value < 0.05) Treatment effects were proved with the T-Test Calculator. Four groups were defined: Treatment (T) 1: DDS prescription (+) AD prevalence (+), T 2: DDS (+) AD non-prevalence (-), T 3: DDS non-prescription (-) AD (+), T 4: DDS (-) AD (-). The results are all significant at p < .05. The participants with AD (T1) who took the DDS intervention (Mean (M) = 0.1766, Standard Deviation (SD) = 0.074) compared to the participants without AD (T2) who did not take the DDS in the control group (M = 0.5501, SD = 0.1421) demonstrated significantly lesser AD prevalence rates. The t-value is -8.72515 and the p-value is < .00001. The result is significant at p < 0.05.Conclusion: Our study is the first to prove dapsone as a preventive treatment for AD through observational studies for 15 years. This study demonstrated the neuroinflammasome therapy for AD.
Absolute mass of photons based upon the Hamiltonian of energy content
Authors: Kumar Sunny
Published: July 2021

In this article, the mass-energy equivalence is analyzed based on the total energy content & inertia of a body. The analysis included quantum energy formalization with relativity. The finding suggests that photons have absolute mass to justify their momentum.
A HER2-Target Antibody Drug Conjugate Combined with anti-PD-(L)1 Treatment Eliminates hHER2 + Tumors in hPD-1 Transgenic Mouse Model and Contributes Immune Memory Formation
Authors: Huang Lei , Wang Ruiqin , Xie Kun , Zhang jingming , Tao Fei , Pi Chenyu , Feng Yan , Fang Jianmin , Gu Hua
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Disitamab vedotin (RC48) is an HER2-directed antibody-drug conjugate, emerging as an effective strategy for cancer therapy, not only enhance antitumor immunity in previous animal models but also improve clinical outcomes for patients such as with gastric cancer, urothelium carcinoma and HER2 low-expressing breast cancer. Here, we explore the combination therapeutic efficacy of this novel HER2-targeting ADC with immune checkpoint inhibitors in a human HER2-expressing syngeneic breast cancer model. Methods: The human HER2+ cancer cell line is constructed by stably transfection and individual clones were isolated by single-cell sorting. Flow cytometry was performed to determine its binding activity. Cytotoxic effect was determined using an MTT assay with the supplement of RC48. Human PD-1 transgenic mice were used to analyze the in vivo anti-tumor effects of the ADC and its combination therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 antibody. Results: The combination of RC48 and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibition significantly enhanced tumor suppression and antitumor immunity. Tumor rejection in the synergistic groups was accompanied by massive T-cell infiltration and immune marker activation. Furthermore, the combination therapy promoted immunological memory formation in the tumor-eradication animals, protecting them from tumor rechallenge. Conclusion: A novel HER2-targeting ADC combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors can achieve remarkable effects in mice and elicit long-lasting immune protection in a hHER2+ murine breast cancer model. This study provides insights into the efficacy of RC48 therapeutic activity and a rationale for potential therapeutic combination strategies with immunotherapy.
Molecular Typing and Epidemiology Profiles of Human Metapneumovirus Infection Among Children With Severe Acute Respiratory Infection in Huzhou, China
Authors: Ji Lei , Chen Liping , Xu Deshun , Wu Xiaofang
Published: July 2021

Background: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is one of the important pathogens of infant respiratory tract infection. However, the molecular epidemiological information relating to hMPV among children hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) have not been thoroughly studied as yet. To investigate the infection status and genotypes of hMPV among children hospitalized patients with SARI from January 2016 to December 2020 in Huzhou, China. Methods: A nasopharyngeal flocked swab, nasal wash or combination of nasopharyngeal swab and oropharyngeal swab samples were collected from children with SARI in Huzhou from January 2016 to December 2020. RT-PCR was used to detect the nucleic acid of hMPV. F gene was amplified and sequenced for the positive nucleic acid samples of hMPV. The obtained gene sequences were analyzed by MEGA software (version 7.0). Epidemiological data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and service solutions (SPSS) 21.0 software.Results: A total of 1133 children with SARI were collected from 2016 to 2020. Among them, 56 cases were positive for hMPV nucleic acid, with a positive rate of 4.94%. Children under 5 years old accounted for 85.71% of the total positive cases. Higher activity of hMPV infection could be seen in the period in Spring and Winter. and the main epidemic months were December and January-March. The F gene sequences of 28 strains of hMPV were obtained by co-sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there were A1, B1 and B2 genotypes of hMPV prevalent in Huzhou, and the dominant genotype of hMPV during our study period varied according to surveillance year.Conclusions: HMPV is one of the important pathogens causing acute respiratory virus infection in children in Huzhou, with high incidence in winter and spring seasons and children under the age of 5，A1, B1 and B2 are three prevalent genotypes.
Anti-Metastatic Effect of GV1001 on Prostate Cancer Cells; Roles of GnRHR-Mediated Gαs-cAMP Pathway and AR-YAP1 Axis
Authors: Kim Ji Won , Park Miso , Kim Suntae , Lim Sung Chul , Kim Hyung Shik , Kang Keon Wook
Published: July 2021

Background: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) transmits its signal via two major Gα-proteins, primarily Gαq and Gαi. However, the precise mechanism underlying the functions of Gαs signal in prostate cancer cells is still unclear. We have previously identified that GV1001, a fragment of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase, functions as a biased GnRHR ligand to selectively stimulate the Gas/cAMP pathway. Here, we tried to reveal the potential mechanisms of which GV1001- stimulated Gαs-cAMP signaling pathway reduces the migration and metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa) cells.Methods: The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes was measured by western-blotting and spheroid formation on ultra-low attachment plate was detected after GV1001 treatment. In vivo Spleen-liver metastasis mouse model was used to explore the inhibitory effect of GV1001 on metastatic ability of PCa and the transwell migration assay was performed to identify whether GV1001 had a suppressive effect on cell migration in vitro. In order to demonstrate the interaction between androgen receptor (AR) and YAP1, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), immunofluorescence (IF) staining, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were performed in LNCaP cells with and without GV1001 treatment.Results: GV1001 inhibited expression of EMT-related genes and spheroid formation. GV1001 also suppressed in vivo spleen-liver metastasis of LNCaP cells as well as cell migration in vitro. GV1001 enhanced the phosphorylation of AR and transcription activity of androgen response element reporter gene through cAMP/protein kinase A pathway. Moreover, GV1001 increased Ser-127 phosphorylation of YAP1 and its ubiquitination, and subsequently decreased the levels of AR-YAP1 binding in the promoter region of the CTGF gene. In contrast, both protein and mRNA levels of NKX3.1 known for tumor suppressor gene and AR-coregulator were upregulated by GV1001 in LNCaP cells. YAP1 knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 significantly suppressed the migration ability of LNCaP cells, and GV1001 did not affect the cell migration of YAP1-deficient LNCaP cells. On the contrary, cell migration was more potentiated in LNCaP cells overexpressing YAP5SA, a constitutively active form of YAP1, which was not changed by GV1001 treatment. Conclusions: Overall, this study reveals an essential role of AR-YAP1 in the regulation of PCa cell migration, and provide evidence that GV1001 could be a novel GnRHR ligand to inhibit metastasis of PCa via the Gas/cAMP pathway.
Surface Water Quality Variation Under the Influence of COVID-19 Quarantine on the Example of the Yamuna River (Delhi)
Authors: Khan Nadeem A , Khan Afzal Husain , Mazhar Mohd. Aamir , Abdelgiom Mahmoud Abdelrahim , Yadav Krishna Kumar , Yadav Akanksha , Cabral-Pinto Marina M.S. , Yadav Shalini
Published: July 2021

During the current COVID-19 pandemic, various forms of lockdown have been adopted, globally. This study evaluated the contamination changes (pre, post and during the lockdown) in the Yamuna River following the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown from 25 March–30 May (India). Samples of the surface water were taken from 9 sampling points to determine the physico-chemical, and biological concentration changes in surface water. The investigation showed the fluctuating results of the parameters. The peak saturation of physico-chemical parameters were observed prior to lockdown, followed by the post and during lockdown phases. The BOD and COD concentrations declined by 66% and 39.25%, respectively, compared to the pre-lockdown phase, while Faecal Coliform declined by over 40%. The improvement shown in this period indicates that it is possible for the Yamuna River to be cleaned up easily if people and the government come together.
Synthesis And Characterization of Vancomycin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles For Drug Delivery
Authors: Hafizi Tajuddin , Shahriari Mehrnoosh Hasan , Abdouss Majid , Kahdestani Shafiq Ahmad
Published: July 2021

Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide with and prominent physicochemical and biological properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, non-immunogenicity, bioadhesion, antibacterial, antifungal and hemostatic activity. Due to these properties, it has found many applications in cosmetic, textile, and food industries; agriculture; biotechnology; pharmaceutical industry and medicine; specially in biomedical applications. The special chemical structure of chitosan allows some specific modifications and by reducing the size of chitosan particles to Nano size, it becomes an excellent drug nanocarrier. Vancomycin is a typical antibiotic used for bacterial infections caused by geram positive bacteria. In this work, chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were prepared via ionotropic gelation using tripolyphosphate (TPP) as crosslinker. The effect of chitosan and TPP concentration on the size of chitosan nanoparticles was studied and CS:TPP ratio of 1:1 with average size of nanoparticle about 100 nm were selected. The prepared samples were characterized using DLS, FTIR, TGA, DSC, and SEM techniques. The results confirmed that vancomycin has been loaded successfully on chitosan nanoparticles and there was not any interaction between vancomycin and chitosan. Also, it is observed that 40% of vancomycin is released burstly in the first 9 h and after that the drug release is continued gradually to receive 90% at 100 h.
Pseudaestuariivita rosea sp. nov., a novel species of genus Pseudaestuariivita, isolated from Acmaea, a kind of marine mollusea
Authors: Yun Shuai-Ting , Chen Zhuo , Yi Yan-Jun , Zhang Ming-Jing , Gao Shu-Kun , Zhou Yan-Xia
Published: July 2021

A Gram-stain-negative, pink-pigmented, facultatively anaerobic, gliding and rod-shaped bacterium, showing optimum growth at 33°C, designated as strain H15T , was isolated from the gut microbial of the Acmaea from Weihai, Shandong Province, China and characterised phylogenetically, phenotypically and chemotaxonomically. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that the strain belonged to the family Rhodobacteraceae and was associated with members of the recognized genera, the closest relative was the type strain of Pseudaestuariivita atlantica (96.7%). Genome analysis showed that the genome size was 3893398 bp and the DNA G+C content obtained from the draft genome sequence was 56.7%. The secondary metabolites based on genome predicated that the strain H15T contained one cluster of lassopeptide, one cluster of bacteriocin, two clusters of terpene production, two clusters of homoserine lactone(Hserlactone)production and one cluster of beta lactone. The average amino acid identity, average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between genome sequences of strain H15T and all the type strains of the recognized taxa compared were lower than 63.1,72.0 and 19.7%, respectively. Based on the analysis of chemical components, the predominant cellular fatty acids were summed featured 8(C18:1ω7c/ω6c,46.1%), C 20:1ω7c (17.1%), the major polar lipids contained phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified lipid and the predominant menaquinone was Q10. Therefore, the combined chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic data indicated that the strain was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pseudaestuariivita and the name Pseudaestuariivita rosea sp. nov. was proposed for strain H15T(MCCC 1K04420T=KCTC 82505T).
The Diagnosis and Molecular Epidemiology Investigation of Avian Hepatitis E in Shandong Province, China
Authors: Liu Kuihao , Zhao Yiran , Zhao Jun , Geng Ningwei , Meng Fanliang , Wang Siqi , Li Jing , Zhong Zhaobing , Liu Sidang , Li Ning
Published: July 2021

Background: Avian hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the pathogenic agent of big liver and spleen disease (BLS) and hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (HS) in chickens, which has caused economic losses to the poultry industry in China. Eighteen samples of BLS chickens were collected in this study to understand the molecular epidemiology characteristics of avian HEV in Shandong province, China.Results: Gross and microscopic lesions of clinical samples were observed, then virology detection and genetic analysis of avian HEV were performed. The results showed that there were significant swelling and rupture in the liver, and spleen was enlarged. Microscopic lesions demonstrated that obvious hemorrhage in the liver, with infiltration of heterophilic granulocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages, the reduction of lymphocytes in the spleen. Eleven out of the 18 samples were positive for HEV, with a positive rate of 61.11%. More importantly, all HEV positive samples were mixed infections. Among them, the mixed infections of avian HEV and chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) and fowl adenovirus (FAdV) were the most common. In addition, the genetic evolution analysis showed that all obtained HEV isolates did not belong to the reported 4 genotypes, and they constituted a novel genotype. Conclusions: These results of this study further enriched the epidemiological data of avian HEV in Shandong province and proved the genetic diversity of HEV in China, but also uncovered the complicated mixed infections of avian HEV in clinical.
Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Specific RNA and Anti-MERS-RBD in Camel Milk from Different Regions of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshehri Aiydh , Ali Mir Naiman , Miled Nabil
Published: July 2021

Background: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes viral pneumonia disease in humans. The close contact with camels and drinking milk may cause Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus transfer to humans. Methods: This study was designed to detect the existence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in camel milk samples collected from healthy animals according to local customs from 83 barns located around Saudi Arabia. Camel milk samples were examined for viral RNA by RT-qPCR, also ELISA assay was performed to detect IgG antibodies directed against MERS Receptor-Binding Protein (RBD).Results: Among 83 camel milk samples tested,the result showed that seven samples (8.4%) were positive for MERS-CoV RNA, while 40.9% of camel milk samples had antibodies directed against this virus.Conclusions: The findings indicate that some regions (East and South part) are characterized by a high incidence of viral antibodies. The South western region displayed the lowest infection rates. Camel breed Sahilia seems to be resistant to viral infection as compared to other breeds such as Hamra. This need to be more explored in order to reduce spread of infection and also to understand the underlying reasons. The presence of viral RNA in camel milk samples warrants for measures to prevent possible food-borne transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus through milk consumption.
A Novel Homozygous TTC7A Missense Mutation Results In Familial Multiple Intestinal Atresia And Combined Immunodeficiency
Authors: Mou Wenjun , Yang Shen , Guo Ruolan , Fu Libing , Zhang Li , Guo Weihong , Du Jingbin , He Jianxin , Ren Qinghua , Peng Yun , Hao Chanjuan , Gui Jingang , Huang Jinshi
Published: July 2021

Multiple intestinal atresia with combined immune deficiency (MIA-CID) are autosomal recessive disorders characterized by intestinal obstructions and profound immune defects. The study of patients with MIA and related disorders has established that tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A (TTC7A) plays a critical role in intestinal and immune homeostasis and it is now shown that biallelic missense mutations have better survival outcomes. However, clues to related underlying molecular dysfunction remains elusive. In this study, we reported a patient with the diagnosis of severe CID and MIA that involved the pyloric diaphragm, ileum atresia, and colon stenosis, and the clinical course was complicated by multiple episodes of sepsis. In spite of multiple surgeries and supportive treatment, the patient died of severe sepsis and multiple organ failure at 3 months of age. The whole exome sequencing (WES) identified a novel homozygous TTC7A missense mutation (c.206T>C, p. L69P). The structural analysis showed that a hydrogen bond present between Gly65 and Leu69 in the wild-type TTC7A was broken by the Leu69Pro mutation. Moreover, this homozygous missense mutation led to a severely reduced TTC7A expression in lymphocytes and intestinal tissues, accompanied by prohibited lymphocyte development. Further studies demonstrated that the PI4K-FAM126A-EFR3A pathway was impaired in intestinal tissues. Our results strongly suggest that the missense mutation in TTC7A gene causes severe MIA-CID. More knowledge of the TTC7A protein functions will have important therapeutic implications for patients with MIA-CID.
Short-Duration Dynamic [18F]DCFPyL PET and CT Perfusion Imaging to Localize Dominant Intraprostatic Lesions in Prostate Cancer: Validation Against Digital Histopathology and Comparison to [18F]DCFPyL PET/MR at 120 Minutes
Authors: Yang Dae-Myoung , Alfano Ryan , Bauman Glenn , Thiessen Jonathan D , Chin Joseph , Pautler Stephen , Moussa Madeleine , Gomez Jose A , Rachinsky Irina , Gaed Mena , Chung Kevin J , Ward Aaron , Lee Ting-Yim
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Localized prostate cancer (PCa) in patients is characterized by a dominant focus in the gland (dominant intraprostatic lesion, DIL). Accurate DIL identification may enable more accurate diagnosis and therapy through more precise targeting of biopsy, radiotherapy and focal ablative therapies. The goal of this study is to validate the performance of [18F]DCFPyL PET and CT Perfusion (CTP) for detecting and localizing DIL against digital histopathology images. Methods: Multi-modality image sets: in-vivo T2-weighted (T2w) MRI, 22-min dynamic [18F]DCFPyL PET/CT, CTP, and 2-hr post-injection PET/MR were acquired in patients prior to radical prostatectomy. The explanted gland with implanted fiducial markers was imaged with T2w MRI. All images were co-registered to the pathologist-annotated digital images of whole-mount mid-gland histology sections using fiducial markers and anatomical landmarks. Regions of interest encompassing DIL and non-DIL tissue were drawn on the digital histopathology images and superimposed on PET and CTP parametric maps. Logistic regression with backward elimination of parameters was used to select the most sensitive parameter set to distinguish DIL from non-DIL voxels. Leave-one-patient-out cross-validation was performed to determine diagnostic performance. Results: [18F]DCFPyL PET and CTP parametric maps of 15 patients were analyzed. SUVLate and a model combining Ki and k4 of [18F]DCFPyL achieved the most accurate performance distinguishing DIL from non-DIL voxels. Both detection models achieved an AUC of 0.90 and an error rate of <10%. Compared to digital histopathology, the detected DILs had a mean dice similarity coefficient of 0.76 for the Ki and k4 model and 0.73 for SUVLate. Conclusions: We have validated using co-registered digital histopathology images that parameters from kinetic analysis of 22-min dynamic [18F]DCFPyL PET can accurately localize DILs in PCa for targeting of biopsy, radiotherapy, and focal ablative therapies. Short-duration dynamic [18F]DCFPyL PET was not inferior to SUVLate in this diagnostic task.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04009174. Registered 12 February, 2012 – Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04009174?term=NCT04009174&draw=2&rank=1.
Predictive Simulation of Post-Stroke Gait and Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation: A Case Report
Authors: Santos Gilmar F. , Jakubowitz Eike , Pronost Nicolas , Bonis Thomas , Hurschler Christof
Published: July 2021

Post-stroke patients present various gait abnormalities such as drop foot, stiff-knee gait (SKG), and knee hyperextension. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) improves drop foot gait although the mechanistic basis for this effect is not well understood. To answer this question, we evaluated the gait of a post-stroke patient walking with and without FES by inverse dynamics analysis and compared the results to an optimal control framework. The effect of FES and cause-effect relationship of changes in knee and ankle muscle strength were investigated; personalized muscle-tendon parameters allowed the prediction of pathologic gait. We also predicted healthy gait patterns at different speeds to simulate the subject walking without impairment. The passive moment of the knee played an important role in the estimation of muscle force with knee hyperextension, which was decreased during FES and knee extensor strengthening. Weakening the knee extensors and strengthening the flexors improved SKG. During FES, weak ankle plantarflexors and strong ankle dorsiflexors resulted in increased ankle dorsiflexion, which reduced drop foot. FES also improved gait speed and reduced circumduction. These findings provide insight into compensatory strategies adopted by post-stroke patients that can guide the design of individualized rehabilitation and treatment programs.
Cyclic Soft/Hardening and Microscopic Mechanism of GS-20Mn5
Authors: Zou Zongyuan , Liu Doudou , Han Shuting , Song Chunyan , Wang Hongzhong
Published: July 2021

The cyclic plastic characteristics of metal materials are different from the deformation characteristics under monotonic loading, which has an important effect on the safety of structures in service under cyclic loading. However, GS-20Mn5, which is commonly used in large hydraulic machine beams, offshore platforms and large Bridges, is still lacking the studies of mechanical response characteristics under cyclic loading. In this study, the cyclic softening/hardening characteristics of GS-20Mn5 are studied by a series of cyclic loading tests under uniaxial strain control. Combined with transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis of cyclic loading tests under typical strain levels, the microscopic mechanism of cyclic softening/hardening is discussed. The results show that the cyclic softening/hardening properties of GS-20Mn5 cast steel are sensitive to amplitudes and cycles. At smaller strain amplitudes (0.16%,0.2% and 0.3%), the cyclic hardening properties of GS-20Mn5 cast steel are rapid at the beginning of the cycle, followed by cyclic softening and then slow secondary cyclic hardening at the end. However, under larger strain amplitudes (0.4% and 0.5%), the cyclic hardening continues during the cyclic loading, and the hardening rate is bigger at the beginning of the cyclic loading and smaller at the later cyclic stage. The cyclic softening/hardening characteristics of GS-20Mn5 cast steel are related to the dislocation structure of ferrite and pearlite. Taking the strain amplitude of 0.2% as an example, the initial cyclic hardening is mainly caused by the proliferation and interaction of dislocations in ferrite. Dislocation spots and cell walls in ferrite grains are mainly caused cyclic softening at the initial stage, the secondary cyclic hardening is directly related to dislocation proliferation and entanglement in pearlite.
Sensing Properties of Vacancy and Pd-Doped Graphene Layer: A First-Principles Study
Authors: Xu Yanjie , Zhang Jun’an , Lu Yunhua , Zhang Qingwei , Li Lei , Tian Jiangling
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the effect of SO2 adsorption on graphene (intrinsic, vacancy, and doped) is investigated for structural and electronic properties to exploit their potential applications as a gas sensor. The adsorption energy, charge transfer, magnetic moment, density of states, as well as band structure of the SO2 molecule on the vacancy and doped graphene systems are thoroughly discussed. The most stable adsorption site for SO2 on various graphene sheets is also identified and reported. It is found that SO2 molecule is weakly adsorbed on intrinsic graphene (IG) with low adsorption energy. In contrast, vacancy defect and Pd doping significantly enhance the strength of interaction between SO2 molecule and the modified substrates. The dramatic increase in adsorption energy and charge transfer of these systems are expected to induce significant changes in the electrical conductivity of the vacancy graphene (VG) and Pd-doped graphene (PdG) sheets. Furthermore, the results present the potential of Pd-doped vacancy graphene (Pd-VG) for molecular sensor application.
Attack rate and the price of SARS-CoV-2 herd immunity in Brazil
Authors: Filho Tarcisio Rocha , Mendes José , Chow Carson , Phillips James , Cordeiro Antônio , Scorza Fulvio , Almeida Antonio-Carlos , Moret Marcelo
Published: July 2021

We introduce a compartmental model with age structure to study the dynamics of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. The contagion matrix in the model is given by the product of a probability per contact with a contact matrix explicitly taking into account the contact structure among different age groups. The probability of contagion per contact is considered as time dependent to represent non-pharmaceutical interventions, and is fitted from the time series of deaths. The approach is used to study the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in the main Brazilian cities and compared to two good quality serological surveys. We also discuss with some detail the case of the city of Manaus which raised special attention due to a previous report of three-quarters attack rate by the end of 2020. We discuss estimates for Manaus and all Brazilian cities with a total population of more than one million. We also estimate the attack rate with respect to the total population, in each Brazilian state by January, 1st 2021 and May, 23 2021.
Using Nominal Group Technique To Advance Power Assisted Exercise Equipment For People With Stroke
Authors: Young Rachel , Sage Karen , Broom David , Broomfield Katherine , Church Gavin , Smith Christine
Published: July 2021

BackgroundPower assisted exercise is accessible and acceptable for people with stroke. The potential for technological advancement of the equipment to improve the user experience has been identified. Involvement of end users and service providers in the design of health technologies is essential in determining how said technology is perceived and adopted. This project invited people with stroke and service providers to influence design features and determine machine selection in the preliminary stages of a codesign research programme. AimsTo capture the perspectives of people with stroke and professionals working with people with stroke about proposed digitalisation of power assisted exercise equipment and select machines for prototype development.MethodsNominal group technique was used to capture the perspectives, ideas, preferences and priorities of three stakeholder groups: people with stroke, rehabilitation professionals and exercise scientists. Two questions underpinned the structure of the events; ‘What does an assistive exercise machine need to do to allow the person with stroke to engage in exercise?’ and ‘Which machines would you prioritise for use with PwS?’ Attendees were invited to cast votes to indicate their preferred machines. FindingsSynthesis of the data from the NGT identified four domains; software and interface, exercise programme, machine and accessories, setting and service. Three preferred machines from a range of nine were identified through vote counting. ConclusionNominal group technique enabled a structured approach to patient and public involvement at the outset of a co-design project to advance rehabilitation technologies for people with stroke. Patient and service provider contributionThe opinions and preferences of people with stroke, rehabilitation professionals and exercise scientists were central to key decisions which will shape the digitalisation of power assisted equipment, influence future research and guide implementation of the new technologies.
The Reinforcement Learning Method in Deciding on Task Offloading and Energy Consumption Management at the Edge of IoT Network
Authors: Mohammadian Asghar , Zarrabi Houman , Jabbehdari Sam , Rahmani Amir Masoud
Published: July 2021

In this paper, using edge processing in IoT network ,a method to decide on task offloading to edge devices and improve management of consuming energy in network of edge devices is introduced. First, by defining the problem of maximizing utility and then by decomposing it based on the status of task offloading from end devices to smart gateway with the lowest battery consumption and the possible lowest use of the communication bandwidth, independent optimal models are obtained and then combining. Then the general problem of maximizing the usefulness and increasing the lifetime of the end devices with restrictions of processing time and energy resources will be obtained. Due to the unknown environment of the problem and how the end devices and the edge of the network, an iterative reinforcement learning algorithm is used to generate the optimal answer in order to maximize the utility gain.The results show the existence of processing overhead and network load with increasing number of devices. The proposed method, while improving energy consumption in existence of a small number of devices in end of edge, reduces latency and increases processing speed and maximizes system performance compared to the central cloud system. The operating efficiency of the whole system is improved by 36% and the energy consumption at the edge of the network is optimized by 12.5%. It should be noted that, with the addition of a large number of end devices, our method outperforms similar works.
Early Initial Video-Electro-Encephalography Combined With Variant Location Predict Prognosis of KCNQ2-Related Disorder
Authors: Xu Yan , Dou Ya-lan , Chen Xiang , Dong Xin-ran , Wang Xin-hua , Wu Bing-bing , Cheng Guo-qiang , Zhou Yuan-feng
Published: July 2021

Background: The clinical features of KCNQ2-related disorders range from benign familial neonatal seizures 1 to early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 7. The genotype-phenotypic association is difficult to establish. Objective: To explore potential factors in neonatal period that can predict the prognosis of neonates with KCNQ2-related disorder. Methods: Neonates with KCNQ2-related disorder were retrospectively enrolled in our study in Children’s Hospital of Fudan University in China from Jan 2015 to Mar 2020. All patients were older than age of 12 months at time of follow-up, and assessed by Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition (BSID-III) or Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence-fourth edition (WPPSI-Ⅳ), then divided into three groups based on scores of BSID-III or WPPSI-Ⅳ: normal group, mild impairment group, encephalopathy group. We collected demographic variables, clinical characteristics, neuroimaging data. Considered variables include gender, gestational age, birth weight, age of the initial seizures, early interictal VEEG, variant location, delivery type. Variables predicting prognosis were identified using multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 52 neonates were selected in this study. Early interictal video-electro-encephalography (VEEG) (OR=2.77; 95%CI: 1.20～4.34, P=0.001), and variant location(OR=2.77, 95%CI: 0.03～5.50, P=0.048) were independent risk factors for prognosis (p<0.05). Conclusions: The integration of early initial VEEG and variant location can predict prognosis. An individual whose KCNQ2 variant located in voltage sensor, the pore domain, with worse early initial VEEG background, often had an adverse outcome.
Uremic Serum Damages Endothelium by Provoking Excessive Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation
Authors: Lee Hoi Woul , Nizet Victor , An Jung Nam , Lee Hyung Seok , Song Young Rim , Kim Sung Gyun , Kim Jwa-Kyung
Published: July 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is a key CKD-specific risk factor; however, the mechanisms by which uremia harms the endothelium are still unclear. We report a role for excessive neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation induced by uremic serum on EC injury. Level of plasma nucleosome and myeloperoxidase-DNA, established in vivo markers of NETs, as well as intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 were measured in hemodialysis (HD) patients and healthy volunteers (HV) and their prognostic role evaluated. For in vitro studies, we differentiated HL-60 cells into neutrophil-like cells (dHL-60) by applying retinoic acid and determined the effect of uremic serum on these dHL-60 and human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC). The level of in vivo NETs was significantly higher in incident HD patients compared to HV, and these markers were strongly associated with ICAM-1. Specifically, nucleosome and ICAM-1 levels were independent predictors of a composite endpoint, all-cause mortality or vascular access failure. In vitro, HD-derived serum significantly increased NET formation by dHL-60, and these NETs decreased EC viability and induced their apoptosis. In addition, the ICAM-1 level in HUVEC supernatant was significantly increased by uremic serum-induced NETs compared to control serum-induced NETs. Dysregulated neutrophil activities in the uremic milieu may play a key role in vascular inflammatory responses. The high mortality and CVD rates in ESRD may be explained in part by excessive NET formation leading to EC damage and dysfunction.
Identification of Antimicrobial Property of Rat-Tailed Maggots Surviving in Pig Excreta
Authors: Deb Rajib
Published: July 2021

In the near future, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) will become a major danger to the global community. Despite the fact that India has many synthetic antibiotics, their irrational use is generating possible AMR in livestock. Furthermore, the expense of producing synthetic antibiotics is too expensive for the impoverished farming population. In this context, natural therapeutics are being sought. The current examination found that rat-tailed maggots from piggery excreta had antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 25–30 g/100 µl and 35–40 g/100 µl, respectively. Antimicrobial peptide sequences such as Diptericin and Sarcotoxin were also found in the isolated hemolymph. In comparison to rice grained shaped maggot hemolymphs, comparative gene expression levels for both AMPs were substantially (p < 0.05) increased in rat-tailed maggots. The current study's findings may suggest that using natural maggots in animal husbandry waste as a therapeutic alternative decreases the unjustified usage of antibiotics.