bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional brain development in fetuses with Dandy-Walker malformation: A volumetric fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Akiyama Shizuko , Madan Neel , Graham George , Samura Osamu , Kitano Rie , Yun Hyuk Jin , Craig Alexa , Nakamura Tomohiro , Hozawa Atsushi , Grant Ellen , Im Kiho , Tarui Tomo
Published: February 2022

Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) is a common prenatally diagnosed cerebellar malformation, characterized by cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, upward rotation of the hypoplastic vermis, and posterior fossa enlargement with torcular elevation. DWM is associated with a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental abnormalities such as cognitive, motor, and behavioral impairments, which cannot be explained solely by cerebellar malformations. Notably, the pathogenesis of these symptoms remains poorly understood. This study investigated whether fetal structural developmental abnormalities in DWM extended beyond the posterior fossa to the cerebrum even in fetuses without apparent cerebral anomalies. Post-acquisition volumetric fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis was performed in 12 fetuses with DWM and 14 control fetuses. Growth trajectories of the volumes of the cortical plate, subcortical parenchyma, cerebellar hemispheres, and vermis between 18 and 33 weeks of gestation were compared. The median (interquartile range) gestational ages at the time of MRI were 22.4 (19.4–24.0) and 23.9 (20.6–29.2) weeks in the DWM and control groups, respectively (p = 0.269). Eight of the 12 fetuses with DWM presented with associated cerebral anomalies, including hydrocephalus (n = 3), cerebral ventriculomegaly (n = 3), and complete (n = 2) and partial (n = 2) agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC); 7 presented with extracerebral abnormalities. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected by microarray analysis in 4 of 11 fetuses with DWM, using amniocentesis. Volumetric analysis revealed that the cortical plate was significantly larger in fetuses with DWM than in controls (p = 0.040). Even without ACC, the subcortical parenchyma, whole cerebrum, cerebellar hemispheres, and whole brain were significantly larger in fetuses with DWM (n = 8) than in controls (p = 0.004, 0.025, 0.033, and 0.026, respectively). In conclusion, volumetric fetal MRI analysis demonstrated that the development of DWM extends throughout the brain during the fetal period, even without apparent cerebral anomalies.
Wasp venom peptide improves the proapoptotic activity of alendronate sodium in A549 lung cancer cells
Authors: Alhakamy Nabil A. , Okbazghi Solomon Z. , A. Alfaleh Mohamed , H. Abdulaal Wesam , Bakhaidar Rana B. , Alselami Mohammed O. , Zahrani Majed AL , Alqarni Hani M. , F. Alghaith Adel , Alshehri Sultan , Badr-Eldin Shaimaa M. , Aldawsari Hibah M. , Al-hejaili Omar D. , Aldhabi Bander M. , Mahdi Wael A.
Published: February 2022

Background

Lung cancer in men and women is considered the leading cause for cancer-related mortality worldwide. Anti-cancer peptides represent a potential untapped reservoir of effective cancer therapy.

Methodology

Box-Behnken response surface design was applied for formulating Alendronate sodium (ALS)-mastoparan peptide (MP) nanoconjugates using Design-Expert software. The optimization process aimed at minimizing the size of the prepared ALS-MP nanoconjugates. ALS-MP nanoconjugates’ particle size, encapsulation efficiency and the release profile were determined. Cytotoxicity, cell cycle, annexin V staining and caspase 3 analyses on A549 cells were carried out for the optimized formula.

Results

The results revealed that the optimized formula was of 134.91±5.1 nm particle size. The novel ALS-MP demonstrated the lowest IC50 (1.3 ± 0.34 μM) in comparison to ALS-Raw (37.6 ± 1.79 μM). Thus, the results indicated that when optimized ALS-MP nanoconjugate was used, the IC50 of ALS was also reduced by half. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of cells in the G2-M phase following the treatment with optimized ALS-MP nanoconjugates.

Conclusion

The optimized ALS-MP formula had significantly improved the parameters related to the cytotoxic activity towards A549 cells, compared to control, MP and ALS-Raw.
The effect of mothers and caregivers’ fasting status on the dietary diversity of children 6-23 months: A longitudinal study in Debrebirhan, Ethiopia
Authors: Armdie Addisalem Zebene , Fenta Esete Habtemariam , Shiferaw Solomon
Published: February 2022

Background

There are various religions in Ethiopia, of which the Orthodox Tewahido Christian accounts for 44% of the population. According to the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido practice close to 200 days annually are dedicated to fasting. During this time, all followers who are above seven years old are expected to abstain from all types of food, including animal source foods and water for up to some hours daily. It is possible that such practice by mothers or caregivers could affect children’s dietary practice. However, whether mothers/caregivers’ fasting status influences dietary diversity of children during these periods remained uninvestigated.

Methods

A community-based longitudinal study was conducted in Debrebirhan, North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia in seven randomly selected kebeles. We collected data in a sample of 218 mothers/caregivers, from January 29 to February 25, 2019 in the pre-fasting period and from March 18 to April 10, 2019, during fasting period on same participants. Data was entered on Epi-Data version 4.4.2.1 and analyzed using STATA 15 software. Children’s dietary diversity was measured using the World Health Organization (WHO) standardized questionnaire for infant and young child feeding. The McNemar paired test was used for comparison of baseline and end line measurements. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

Result

A total of 218 and 216 mothers/caregivers with children 6–23 months participated in the study before and during fasting season with a response rate of 100.0% and 99.0% respectively. The median age of children was 14 months. The proportion of children who met the minimum dietary diversity before the fasting season was significantly higher (23.4%) compared to during the fasting period (5.5%). (P<0.001). The proportion of children who consumed dairy product was significantly higher (55.5%) before the fasting period compared to consumption during the fasting period (42.6%) (p<0.001). Similarly, consumption of flesh food was significantly higher before the fasting period (17.9%) compared to consumption during the fasting period (0.46%) (P<0.001).

Conclusion

The study revealed that mothers/caregivers’ fasting status negatively affect the dietary diversity of children aged 6–23 months in the household by decreasing their consumption of animal source food. Intervention strategies in promoting children’s dietary diversity should be designed in a way that considers Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Christian mothers/caregivers’ fasting practice.
Links between types of value orientations and consumer behaviours. An empirical study
Authors: Adamczyk Grzegorz , Capetillo-Ponce Jorge , Szczygielski Dominik
Published: February 2022

The present study concerns the phenomenon of the co-dependence of value orientations and consumer behaviours. Although the idea of the overall connections between both areas is not new, the article contributes to the knowledge about relations between very specific consumer behaviours and social value orientations among people married or in an informal partnership. Using the obtained data, we examine to what extent the prosocial, reciprocal, and egoistic value orientations coexist with compensative, compulsive, and demonstrative buying. The analysis confirms the hypotheses that representatives of the reciprocal and egoistic orientations show susceptibility to compensative and compulsive buying to a greater extent than persons preferring other value orientations. In addition, the data show co-dependence of the reciprocal value orientation and demonstrative buying, while the prosocial value orientation seems to protect against compulsive buying. According to the regression analysis, this effect disappears if prosocially oriented persons suffer from low self-esteem at the same time being characterised by strong materialism. All hypothesised relations between value orientations and consumer behaviours have been analysed in multidimensional models considering materialism, self-esteem, age, and gender as the main factors of compensative and compulsive buying. The findings come from the 2017 survey based on a statistically representative sample of 1,121 adult Poles who were then married or in an informal partnership. The German Compulsive Buying Indicator and Lange’s Scale of Demonstrative Buying were introduced to measure consumer behaviours.
Protein prediction for trait mapping in diverse populations
Authors: Schubert Ryan , Geoffroy Elyse , Gregga Isabelle , Mulford Ashley J. , Aguet Francois , Ardlie Kristin , Gerszten Robert , Clish Clary , Van Den Berg David , Taylor Kent D. , Durda Peter , Johnson W. Craig , Cornell Elaine , Guo Xiuqing , Liu Yongmei , Tracy Russell , Conomos Matthew , Blackwell Tom , Papanicolaou George , Lappalainen Tuuli , Mikhaylova Anna V. , Thornton Timothy A. , Cho Michael H. , Gignoux Christopher R. , Lange Leslie , Lange Ethan , Rich Stephen S. , Rotter Jerome I. ,   NHLBI TOPMed Consortium, Manichaikul Ani , Im Hae Kyung , Wheeler Heather E.
Published: February 2022

Genetically regulated gene expression has helped elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying complex traits. Improved high-throughput technology allows similar interrogation of the genetically regulated proteome for understanding complex trait mechanisms. Here, we used the Trans-omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Multi-omics pilot study, which comprises data from Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), to optimize genetic predictors of the plasma proteome for genetically regulated proteome-wide association studies (PWAS) in diverse populations. We built predictive models for protein abundances using data collected in TOPMed MESA, for which we have measured 1,305 proteins by a SOMAscan assay. We compared predictive models built via elastic net regression to models integrating posterior inclusion probabilities estimated by fine-mapping SNPs prior to elastic net. In order to investigate the transferability of predictive models across ancestries, we built protein prediction models in all four of the TOPMed MESA populations, African American (n = 183), Chinese (n = 71), European (n = 416), and Hispanic/Latino (n = 301), as well as in all populations combined. As expected, fine-mapping produced more significant protein prediction models, especially in African ancestries populations, potentially increasing opportunity for discovery. When we tested our TOPMed MESA models in the independent European INTERVAL study, fine-mapping improved cross-ancestries prediction for some proteins. Using GWAS summary statistics from the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study, which comprises ∼50,000 Hispanic/Latinos, African Americans, Asians, Native Hawaiians, and Native Americans, we applied S-PrediXcan to perform PWAS for 28 complex traits. The most protein-trait associations were discovered, colocalized, and replicated in large independent GWAS using proteome prediction model training populations with similar ancestries to PAGE. At current training population sample sizes, performance between baseline and fine-mapped protein prediction models in PWAS was similar, highlighting the utility of elastic net. Our predictive models in diverse populations are publicly available for use in proteome mapping methods at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4837327.
Predictors of time to death among cervical cancer patients at Tikur Anbesa specialized hospital from 2014 to 2019: A survival analysis
Authors: Seifu Benyam , Fikru Chaltu , Yilma Delelegn , Tessema Fasil
Published: February 2022

Background

Cervical cancer (CC) is the 4th most prevalent cancer among females globally. In Ethiopia, around 7,095 new CC cases are diagnosed every year and it is the second common cause of cancer deaths in women. There is limited evidence on survival status as well as about predictors of time to death among CC patients in Ethiopia. Thus, this study investigated the five-year survival status and predictors of time to death among CC patients who had been admitted at Tikur Anbesa specialized Hospital (TASH) from 2014–2019.

Methods

Facility-based, retrospective-cohort study was conducted at Tikur Anbesa specialized Hospital among 348 patients from June 2014 to June 2019. A systematic random sampling method was employed to select the study participants. Data were extracted from the patient card, and through phone calls. The data was collected using the android version CS-Entry tool. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 23. Kaplan and Meier’s method was used to estimate survival functions and Cox-proportional hazard regression analysis was carried out in order to identify the independent predictors of time to death.

Results

The overall incidence of death was 31 per 100 person-years of follow up. The median (IQR) follow-up time of the entire cohorts was 18.55 (8.96–49.65) months. The independent predictors for time to death included; age older than 50 years [AHR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1–1.9], late stage of CC at diagnosis [AHR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.7–2.9], No CC treatment [AHR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.5–3.1] and HIV positive [AHR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.4–3.8].

Conclusion and recommendation

The death rate of CC patients was high. The significant predictors associated with shorten time to death of CC patients were older age, advanced cancer stage at diagnosis, HIV infection and not receiving cancer treatment. Therefore, improving early detection and initiation of treatment for all CC patients is necessary in order to improve patient’s survival status. The government needs to strengthen the routine CC screening programs to address high-risk women such as elderly and HIV positive women in Ethiopia.
Evidence for an internal model of friction when controlling kinetic energy at impact to slide an object along a surface toward a target
Authors: Famié Sylvain , Ammi Mehdi , Bourdin Vincent , Amorim Michel-Ange
Published: February 2022

Although the role of an internal model of gravity for the predictive control of the upper limbs is quite well established, evidence is lacking regarding an internal model of friction. In this study, 33 male and female human participants performed a striking movement (with the index finger) to slide a plastic cube-like object to a given target distance. The surface material (aluminum or balsa wood) on which the object slides, the surface slope (-10°, 0, or +10°) and the target distance (25 cm or 50 cm) varied across conditions, with ten successive trials in each condition. Analysis of the object speed at impact and spatial error suggests that: 1) the participants chose to impart a similar speed to the object in the first trial regardless of the surface material to facilitate the estimation of the coefficient of friction; 2) the movement is parameterized across repetitions to reduce spatial error; 3) an internal model of friction can be generalized when the slope changes. Biomechanical analysis showed interindividual variability in the recruitment of the upper limb segments and in the adjustment of finger speed at impact in order to transmit the kinetic energy required to slide the object to the target distance. In short, we provide evidence that the brain builds an internal model of friction that makes it possible to parametrically control a striking movement in order to regulate the amount of kinetic energy required to impart the appropriate initial speed to the object.
Identification of the preoperative and perioperative factors that predict postoperative endothelial cell density after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chaussard Dimitri , Bloch Florian , Elnar Arpiné Ardzivian , Zevering Yinka , Vermion Jean-Charles , Moskwa Rémi , Perone Jean-Marc
Published: February 2022

Low postoperative endothelial-cell density (ECD) plays a key role in graft failure after Descemet-membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). Identifying pre/perioperative factors that predict postoperative ECD could help improve DMEK outcomes. This retrospective study was conducted with consecutive adult patients with Fuchs-endothelial corneal dystrophy who underwent DMEK in 2015–2019 and were followed for 12 months. Patients underwent concomitant cataract surgery (triple-DMEK) or had previously undergone cataract surgery (pseudophakic-DMEK). Multivariate analyses assessed whether: patient age/sex; graft-donor age; preoperative ECD, mean keratometry, or visual acuity; triple DMEK; surgery duration; surgical difficulties; and need for rebubbling predicted 6- or 12-month ECD in the whole cohort or in subgroups with high/low ECD at 6 or 12 months. The subgroups were generated with the clinically relevant threshold of 1000 cells/mm2. Surgeries were defined as difficult if any part was not standard. In total, 103 eyes (95 patients; average age, 71 years; 62% women) were included. Eighteen eyes involved difficult surgery (14 difficult graft preparation or unfolding cases and four others). Regardless of how the study group was defined, the only pre/perioperative variable that associated significantly with 6- and 12-month ECD was difficult surgery (p = 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, and 0.0009). Difficult surgery also associated with longer surgery duration (p = 0.002). Difficult-surgery subgroup analysis showed that difficult graft dissection associated with lower postoperative ECD (p = 0.03). This association may reflect endothelial cell loss due to excessive graft handling and/or an intrinsic unhealthiness of the endothelial cells in the graft that conferred unwanted physical properties onto the graft that complicated its preparation/unfolding.
The type three secretion system effector protein IpgB1 promotes Shigella flexneri cell-to-cell spread through double-membrane vacuole escape
Authors: Weddle Erin A. , Köseoğlu Volkan K. , DeVasure Brittany A. , Agaisse Hervé F.
Published: February 2022

S. flexneri is an important human pathogen that causes bacillary dysentery. During infection, S. flexneri invades colonic epithelial cells, hijacks the host cell cytoskeleton to move in the cytosol of infected cells, and spreads from cell to cell through formation of membrane protrusions that project into adjacent cells and resolve into double membrane vacuoles (DMVs). S. flexneri cell-to-cell spread requires the integrity of the bacterial type three secretion system (T3SS). However, the exact role of the T3SS effector proteins in the dissemination process remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of the T3SS effector protein IpgB1 in S. flexneri dissemination. IpgB1 was previously characterized as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that contributes to invasion. In addition to the invasion defect, we showed that the ipgB1 mutant formed smaller infection foci in HT-29 cells. Complementation of this phenotype required the GEF activity of IpgB1. Using live confocal microscopy, we showed that the ipgB1 mutant is specifically impaired in DMV escape. Depletion of Rac1, the host cell target of IpgB1 during invasion, as well as pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 signaling, reduced cell-to-cell spread and DMV escape. In a targeted siRNA screen, we uncovered that RhoA depletion restored ipgB1 cell-to-cell spread and DMV escape, revealing a critical role for the IpgB1-Rac1 axis in antagonizing RhoA-mediated restriction of DMV escape. Using an infant rabbit model of shigellosis, we showed that the ipgB1 mutant formed fewer and smaller infection foci in the colon of infected animals, which correlated with attenuated symptoms of disease, including epithelial fenestration and bloody diarrhea. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to its role during invasion, IpgB1 modulates Rho family small GTPase signaling to promote cell-to-cell spread, DMV escape, and S. flexneri pathogenesis.
DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF CULTURABLE VIBRIONACEAE IN THE REARING TANKS OF THREE DIFFERENT CONSUMER TYPES OF AQUACULTURE COMMODITIES
Authors: Munandar Hendra , Anggorowati Dien Arista , Fahmi Varian , Hafid Syafriyadi
Published: February 2022

Vibrio spp. bacteria species are heterotrophic and halophilic bacteria, which are commonly found in various habitats such as brackish, marine waters and animals. They are widely used as an indicator of water quality and cultured animal health. This study investigates the diversity and abundance of Vibrionaceae populations in the rearing water of three distinct consumer types of aquaculture commodities, namely abalone, lobster and sea cucumber, during six months sampling. We isolated Vibrionaceae bacteria from the rearing tanks of three different consumer types of aquaculture commodities. We then inoculated 100 µL of undiluted to 10-5 diluted water samples onto petriplate containing selective Thiosulphate Bile Salt Sucrose agar (TCBS). We characterised bacteria colonies based on the biochemical test for identification. Vibrio metschnikovii was the predominant bacteria species in abundance value from the rearing water of cultured lobster and sea cucumber. Meanwhile, Vibrio anguillarum was the most noticeable bacteria species in abundance from the rearing water of cultured abalone. These data provide information and facilitate the risk assessment of these pathogenic Vibrio species in aquaculture commodities.
DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Konovalov M. V. , Tsomaeva I. V. , Kiseleva A. A.
Published: February 2022

During strategy development and implementation industrial enterprises face conceptual difficulties, that are similar for enterprises of the military-industrial complex due to their institutional, industry and integration characteristics. The article proposes a methodological approach to the strategic management process organization with an emphasis on the implementation stage of strategic development. Also, modern operating concepts, mechanisms and tools for enterprise development management are considered. Current requirements are highly important. Documents regulating the development management business process must comply with the principles of a quality management system (QMS), and mechanisms for analyzing large amounts of information should correspond to the procedure of mathematical modeling, neuroinformatics, hybrid expert systems, adapted at enterprises during previous empirical research.

It is recommended to make employee reward system concern the level of implementation of company’s development projects.
INSTITUTIONAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF LABOR FORCE REPRODUCTION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF POSITIVE AND NORMATIVE APPROACHES
Authors: Krishka V. I. , Perekarenkova Yu. A.
Published: February 2022

The article shows that the traditional opposition of positive and normative approaches to each other is incorrect, since in reality the positive (positive) approach is opposed to the negative (negative) approach. The normative approach in the field of economics is in contradictory unity with the real measure of economic processes as their subjective, regulatory side associated with the establishment of rules of economic activity.

As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the reproduction of the commodity form of labor force as a whole includes four types: a) the production of goods through goods, b) the production of people through people, c) the production of knowledge through knowledge, and d) the production of man himself as human capital.

In the modern economy, a complex two-way process, which, on the one hand, frees workers from performing heavy and routine operations, and, on the other hand, creates prerequisites for changing the target function of the economy, its real measure: that is, the transition from the production of material wealth to the production of their own human wealth associated with human capital.

The development of human capital based on the growth of labor potential and the complexity of the work performed is a kind of “demand of the time” and involves the revival of the institution of labor rationing in the broadest sense, including both economic and institutional aspects.
RATING SYSTEM OF FINANCIAL EFFICIENCY OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN PROVIDING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Shcherbakova N. A. , Shcherbakov V. A.
Published: February 2022

The article shows the necessity and importance of forming a rating of financial performance of companies. The goals and problems of rating companies according to the criterion of financial efficiency are formulated. The indicator (Tobin’s coefficient) used in world practice for rating companies in terms of financial efficiency is presented and an algorithm for its calculation in relation to the peculiarities of Russian financial statements is presented. The financial performance rating is based on the methodology for assessing the company’s value. The main inaccuracies that are present in the calculations of the cost of companies in the Russian scientific and practical literature are noted. In this regard, the algorithms for calculating the key indicators that form the value of the company’s value have been refined. The results of calculating the rating of financial performance for twelve leading Russian companies engaged in industrial production in the field of mechanical engineering according to their financial statements for 2020 are presented. The calculation results are analyzed in comparison with the rating of companies in terms of annual revenues, total assets and return on equity.
Térképek az elmében – Gondolatok a kognitív térképezésről
Authors: Downs Roger M. , Stea David
Published: February 2022

Hosszú távollét után a hazatérés a gyermekkori otthonba, erőteljes és visszatérő motívuma mind az irodalomnak, mind a popzenének. Thomas Wolfe írásában a hazafelé tartó vonat zakatolása egy sor emlékképet idéz fel, amelyek a férfi szülővárosát keltik életre. Az emberek nagy részének már volt része hasonló élményben, noha nem mindenkinek adatott meg a képesség, hogy ilyen érzékletesen öntse szavakba. Mégis, ha az ember becsukja a szemét, és felidézi gondolatait s érzelmeit a hazatéréssel kapcsolatosan, arra kényszerül majd, hogy belássa, Wolfe-nak igaza van abban, hogy „soha többé nem térhetsz haza”. 1 A mondás, hogy „sehol sem olyan, mint otthon” ,2 olyannyira elcsépelt, hogy már észre sem vesszük kettős jelentését. Egyfelől igaz, hogy az otthon egy olyan biztos pont, amelyen meggyőződéseink és érzelmeink egy része alapszik, másfelől pedig be kell látnunk, hogy már nem létezik olyan hely, amely azonos volna, vagy egyáltalán hasonlítana arra az otthonra, amelyet emlékeinkben őrzünk. Az a világ, amelyben felnőttél, amely részeddé vált, és amelyre olyan élén- kén emlékszel, nincs többé. Az általad konstruált kép nem egyezik meg azzal a világgal, amelyet magad körül látsz. Eltűnt a kis sarki bolt, „Mama és Papa vegyesboltja”. Az elburjánzott park helyébe, ahol valaha játszottál, takaros kertes házakat húztak fel. Már nem léteznek azok az utcák és sikátorok, amelyeken iskolába jártál. A város több ízben átalakult, amióta eljöttél otthonról. Az emlékeid immáron elavultak, alapjaikban inogtak meg.
Multi-receptor mechanism and retinoid signaling disorder in the pathogenesis of COVID-19
Authors: Elkazzaz Mahmoud , Haydara Tamer , Esam-Eldin Abo-Amer Yousry , M Shamkh Israa , F. Abo El Magd Mohammed , Ahmed Amr
Published: February 2022

BackgroundMore than two years have passed since the pandemic and despite all the efforts of researchers, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 has not yet been resolved. Multisystem involvement, neuroendocrine involvement, and pathophysiological changes caused by SARS-CoV-2 in peripheral organs have been shown in many studies. However, the molecular mechanism of these pathophysiological changes caused by COVID-19 has not been elucidated. The frequent mutations of SARS-CoV-2 and the change in the interaction of the virus with host cells have further complicated the pathogenetic mechanism in COVID-19. Unfortunately, the mechanism determined at the beginning of the pandemic and based on the single receptor tropism of ACE2 was insufficient to explain the pathogenesis of COVID-19. It is known that SARS-CoV-2 causes retinoid signaling defects and chemosensory receptor disorders and exerts its pathogenic effects through these mechanisms. Multisystem involvement and different clinical presentations in COVID-19 suggest that virus-host interaction develops through multiple receptors and signaling pathways. The previous mechanism described via ACE2, based on single-receptor tropism, was insufficient to elucidate the pathogenesis of COVID-19 due to the absence of ACE2 receptors in most of the affected organs. In addition, there is no satisfactory explanation for the mechanism by which ACE2-free organs are affected in COVID-19. In this regard, we think that ACE2 is not a true binding receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. With our recent molecular docking studies, STRA6 and its GPCRs were identified as new binding receptors of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. These studies have brought a multi-receptor mechanism to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. The multi-receptor mechanism clearly illuminates the complex pathogenesis of retinoid signaling disorder, systemic organ involvement, neuroendocrine involvement, loss of smell and taste, and many other peripheral symptoms and signs, which are considered an enigma in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Therefore, we suggest retinoid signaling defect as the main pathogenetic disorder in COVID-19 and STRA6 and GPCRs as the main binding receptors of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This new mechanism also clarifies the changing symptoms and findings in COVID-19 with each new variant. In addition, these studies have revealed new signaling pathways and drug targets for the treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19.
Onfalitis y Quiste de Cordón Umbilical asociada a persistencia del uraco en un recién nacido
Authors: Hernandez Sarmiento Ricardo , Marroquín Alvaro , Casas Cárdenas Christian Andrés , Fajardo Cardona Adriana María
Published: February 2022

Antecedentes: la persistencia del uraco es una patología poco frecuente. Su diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno puede impactar en el pronóstico. Reporte de caso: recién nacido a término de 8 días, antecedente de quiste de cordón umbilical, que consulta por cuadro onfalitis, se inició manejo antimicrobiano, se realizó ecografía abdominal evidenciándose imagen compatible con persistencia del uraco. Fue llevada a cirugía con adecuada evolución clínica y completó cubrimiento antibiótico para Klebsiella pneumoniae y Staphylococcus aureus de manera favorable. Conclusión: La persistencia del uraco es una patología poco frecuente que requiere un manejo multidisciplinar para iniciar un tratamiento de manera oportuna. Los quistes de cordón umbilical y la onfalitis están asociados a la persistencia del uraco.
Cement Percent Effect on the Shear and Interface Strength of Remolded Cement Treated Sand
Authors: Rashied Zahraa N.
Published: February 2022

This research aims to simulate the behavior of remolded cement treated poorly graded sand in term of shear and interface strength using the direct shear test. Different percentages of cement up to 15% by weight are added to the soil samples. Compacted cement treated soil samples are prepared at the optimum moisture content and left for 28 days in the humidity room then distributed to use them for the remolding samples preparation. The shear strength parameters for both cases soil to soil interface and concrete to soil interface are predicted, where the results show that the interface strength parameters are higher than the shear strength parameters of the remolded soil samples. The increase in cement percent increases the cohesion (C) of the treated soil, whereas the interface cohesion (Cint.) has a maximum value at 10% of added cement, and the maximum percent between cohesion (Cint.) and soil cohesion (C) is of 76.2% at 0% added cement. Moreover, the results show an increase in the interface angle of friction (δ) and a decrease in the angle of friction (φ) as the percent of cement increases. The maximum percent between interface angle (δ) and angle of friction (φ) is 63.5% at 15% of the added cement. The hardened cement in the remolded case adheres to sand grains and works as soil grains with different sizes that lead to changes in the shear properties of the soil.
Flood Modeling on Koya Catchment Area Using Hyfran, Web Map Service, and HEC-RAS Software
Authors: Dawood Anwer H. , Mawlood Dana K. , Al-Ansari Nadhir
Published: February 2022

In this research, The boundaries of the Koya catchment area have been delineated, and valley paths in the region were drawn by using the Water Modeling System (WMS) software, Analysis of the morphometric information indicated that the morphometric characteristics of watersheds contribute to the floods. The average surface runoff depth depends on the curve number values that are determined based on the types of soil cover and soil class according to Harmonized World Soil Database HWSD software that indicates the soil class in the study area are Group B silt loam,  The results obtained also show that the potential for surface runoff varies with land use and soil characteristics. Also, the value of the curve number (CN) was determined to be 71. The hydrological modeling was performed by the HEC-HMS program that simulates the process of rainfall to runoff using the SCS curve number model. A flood hydrograph was constructed at the catchment area outlet and the floodplain delineation was verified by the HEC-RAS software. The results indicated that the 100-year return period flood could Reach critical areas such as the urban area, agricultural area, residential areas. the results of this study indicate that there are suitable sites in the catchment areas for constructing small dams and ponds for water harvesting.
Wound Healing Properties and Structural Analysis of Four Geographical Areas’ Natural Clays
Authors: Amin Zahra A.
Published: February 2022

Clays are fine particle materials that harden after drying. The difference in their structure is the key to their efficacy and their subsequent application. The current study aims to evaluate the wound healing property of four countries (C1:Iraq, C2:Turkey, C3:Azerbaijan and C4:Russia) clay samples by excision model using Sprague dawley rats also the chemical analysis of the samples was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) methods. Results revealed that the best wound healing activities were given by C1, C3, C4 and C2 respectively with healing percentages (76%, 71%, 62%, and 60%), respectively. XRD results revealed the presence of Calcium carbonate and CalciumMagnesium carbonate in C1, Dolomite and Calcium-Magnesium carbonate in C2, Cobalt Tantalum Sulfide in C3, Finally Quartz and Silicon Oxide in C4. On the other hand, XRF analysis showed the appearance of different major and trace elements with different quantities in each clay type. We conclude that different countries clays enclose wound healing property with diverse ranges and this diversity is due to their chemical and mineral structures.
Methodological Trends of 500 Most Cited Educational Research Articles in the Last Decade
Authors: Taşçıoğlu Ramazan , Gürsoy İrem Nur , Kaçar Erçin , Erbaş Esra , Fırat Mehmet
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this research is to reveal which paradigm/research method has dominated the 500 articles that have the highest citation in the last ten years in the field of education and examine whether the dominant paradigms impact the citations. The research was designed as a conversion mixed methods research, which does not highly used in the literature. During the research process, the articles were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection, Social Science Citation Index-SSCI. To analyze the data obtained, independent researchers coded different articles on an Excel worksheet. Following the intercoder reliability process, two themes and eight sub-themes were identified. As a result of the research, it was found that the most preferred methodological paradigms were respectively quantitative, mixed methods and qualitative. One-way ANOVA test results showed that mixed-method and quantitative articles had higher usage statistics than qualitative articles. Moreover, the most preferred mixed methods design was found to be embedded design.
Transnarodowy modernizm a problem temporalnej spacjalizacji w Budowie chińskiego muru Franza Kafki
Authors: Sriratana Verita
Published: February 2022

Zazwyczaj przyjmuje się, że czas postrzegany może być tylko w kategoriach przestrzennych i że spacjalizacja czasu, uzależniając go ściśle od tego, co materialne, ogranicza moc jego abstrakcyjności lub wirtualności. Literatura modernistyczna, tak jak zwykle ją się rozumie, przyswaja ten paradygmat, sugerując jednocześnie, że również przestrzeń tłumaczyć można w kategoriach czasowych, temporalizacja przestrzeni dekonstruuje fasadę trwałych oraz skodyfikowanych znaczeń przestrzennych. Derrida definiuje tę czasoprzestrzenną (inter)reakcję i logiczną współznaczenie jako  „rozsunięcie” (espacement). Niemniej jednak analizy czasu i czasowości, jak również przestrzeni/miejsca i przestrzenności w twórczości modernistycznej  często wpadają w pułapkę z powodu problemu czasowego następstwa, a następnie z powodu błędnego przekonania, że przestrzeń jest nieruchoma. Problem następstwa znajduje się w przekonaniu, że czas płynie i przestaje być natychmiast(owy), pozostawiając po sobie tylko Derriański „ślad”, który jest przestrzenny. Pojęcie to jest problematyczne, ponieważ opiera się na implikacjach, że przestrzeń jest nieruchoma i pasywna, wbrew temporalnej „rozsunięcie” czy temporalnemu następstwu, i że ślady czasu są w niej biernie odciśnięte. Dowodzę, że przestrzeń daleka jest od nieruchomości i pasywności. Jej dynamika czyni spacjalizację czasu problematyczną.  Opowiadanie Franza Kafki „Budowa Chińskiego Muru” (napisane w 1917 roku) jest dobrym przykładem modernistycznej twórczości, która nie tylko problematyzuje pojęcia czasu i czasowości oraz przestrzeni i przestrzenności, ale stawia w centrum problem spacjalizacji czasu.
Examining the Relationship Between Factors Influencing Political Information Seeking-Behaviour through Social Media among Youths in Malaysia
Authors: Abdullah Nor Hafizah , Hassan Isyaku , Azura Tuan Zaki Tuan Sharifah , Ahmad Muhamad Fazil , Hassan Nor Azlili , Mohd Zahari Ahmad Suffian , Ismail Mohd Mahadee , Azmi Nor Jijidiana
Published: February 2022

The dynamic characteristics of social media provide a vast space for society to obtain useful information including political information. This advancement of information dissemination must be benefited by every layer of society including the youth to increase their participation in issues regarding national politics. This research explores the significant factors affecting political information-seeking behavior among youths in Malaysia. The approach of this research is the survey through a questionnaire. Using multi-stage sampling, 381 respondents from selected public universities in Malaysia were identified as a sample. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Efficacy, knowledge, and usefulness of social media affected political information-seeking behavior. Meanwhile, Policy satisfaction and motivation do not affect political information-seeking behavior Thus, political information seeking is seen as more influential towards political behavior with the existence of political information sharing among Malaysia's youth who use social media. The overall results of the study indicate the potential of social media as the main source and medium for Malaysian youths to obtain political information.
Research on Performance of Natural Rubber Latex Composite–Modified Asphalt
Authors: Cao Dongwei , Tan He , Yang Zhe , Chen Huaxin , Kuang Dongliang
Published: February 2022

Natural rubber latex (NRL) is a polymer material collected from rubber trees with polyisoprene as the main component, which is a sustainable renewable material. With many excellent physical properties, it has been used to modify petroleum asphalt for paving roads very early to improve the performance of asphalt and asphalt mixtures. In order to prepare a modified asphalt with good comprehensive performance, this paper mixes NRL and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) latex to prepare a composite-modified asphalt and conducts the experimental test of the penetration grading system and the experimental test of the rheological index. To obtain a modified asphalt with good comprehensive performance, NRL and SBS latex are mixed in this study to prepare a composite-modified asphalt, and the penetration grading system and rheological index are tested experimentally. The experimental results show that the addition of NRL and SBS latex significantly improves the anti-aging performance of asphalt. Fluorescence microscopy observations show that when the ratio of NRL latex to SBS latex is 1:1 to 1:2, the microstructure of the modified asphalt appears as a bicontinuous phase that interpenetrates the asphalt and latex phases and forms a stable grid. The rutting experiment and low-temperature trabecular bending experiments show that both the high- and low-temperature performance of the NRL/SBS latex composite–modified asphalt mixture improve greatly compared with that of NRL latex–modified asphalt mixture. Furthermore, the water immersion Marshall test and freeze–thaw splitting test show that the NRL-modified asphalt mixture has good resistance to water damage.
Thermal Rebreathing Model for Evaluation of Infant Bedding Materials
Authors: Leshner Michael D.
Published: February 2022

Carbon dioxide (CO2) rebreathing is a recognized hazard, particularly for infants. A new thermal rebreathing method and apparatus have been developed for measuring and comparing the degree to which various soft bedding materials perform with respect to this hazard. The new methodology simplifies the evaluation process and uses less costly equipment than the incumbent expensive and complex CO2 rebreathing model. Using warm air as a proxy for CO2, it relies on a highly sensitive differential thermometer to measure air temperature differences that correlate to the level of rebreathing. The apparatus is portable and requires neither the use of a gas analyzer nor a source of CO2. Test results comparing the two methods show strong correlation validating the new thermal concept. The availability of a simple CO2 rebreathing method and apparatus will promote quantitative evaluation of this hazard among a wider group of users, including infant product developers and manufacturers. Additional studies are suggested to further develop the thermal rebreathing model.
Revisiting the Music-Printing Market in Seventeenth-Century Italy and the Peculiar Case of Pietro Millioni’s Guitar Books
Authors: Brettler Gideon
Published: February 2022

This article examines the Italian music-printing industry in the seventeenth century from two distinct perspectives. The first revisits the industry’s decline and the circumstances that led to that state of affairs. The second traces the unlikely commercial success of the guitar tutors of Pietro Millioni, offering a glimpse into the inner workings of the industry. A quantitative analysis of production patterns using a newly constructed database of seventeenth-century Italian music prints provides a nuanced view of the rise and fall in output across various printing centers. Cross-referencing these data with an analysis of the corpora of the leading printing houses of Venice and Rome exposes various idiosyncrasies of these two centers of music printing and suggests that the downturn in production was driven not only by domestic conditions but also by the gradual decline of Venice as a dominant international economy.

The music in the Millioni books is printed with an idiomatic notation for the guitar known as alfabeto. The simplicity of alfabeto notation offered the musically illiterate an accessible path to music making, while its typographical features offered printers a cheap and easy method of printing music without specialized equipment or expertise. The continued success of these books in a contracting market demonstrates the significant appeal of this music for both printer and consumer, which contributed to the codification of oral musical traditions in print. The reconstruction of the genealogy of the Millioni books discloses numerous commercial ties between publishers, as well as their influence over musical content.
Wenzel Mihule and the Reception of Don Giovanni in Central Europe
Authors: Nedbal Martin
Published: February 2022

This article traces the previously overlooked transmission of a German Singspiel adaptation of Mozart’s Don Giovanni in central Europe in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Titled Don Juan, oder Die redende Statue, the adaptation originated with the troupe of Wenzel Mihule at the Patriotic Theater in Prague in the early 1790s and, initially at least, took fewer liberties with the opera than other German reworkings, possibly because it was created in an environment sensitive to Mozart’s Italian original. The adaptation was picked up by Emauel Schikaneder’s company in Vienna, by companies across Moravia, and by Joseph Seconda’s troupe in Leipzig and Dresden, and it traveled with Mihule from Prague to southern Germany and Slovakia. Newly discovered archival documents associated with Mihule’s Don Juan shed light on the early German-language history of Don Giovanni, illustrating, in particular, its reception outside of large urban centers—in smaller towns, aristocratic palaces, and a monastery. This article argues, moreover, that the lack of scholarly attention to the adaptation is to a large extent connected to national politics in central Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, specifically to Czech-German ethnic tensions and conflicts.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE THINK PAIR SHARE (TPS) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN KETUNTASAN BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Arlinah Euis Ani
Published: February 2022

The inability of most students to solve a problem shows that students do not understand the concepts taught by the teacher in learning activities, the skills to solve a problem individually and collaboratively, students need to be directed to an understanding, one of which is by determining the learning model, the cooperative learning model type Think Pair Share (TPS) is a learning model that can increase the effectiveness of students' psychomotor learning. The results showed that: (a) most of the students gave a positive response to the application of the TPS type cooperative learning model, (b) the results of observations showed that most of the students could be active in the learning process, (c) the results of the formative and summative tests showed that the students experience an increased level of completeness, (d) the TPS type cooperative learning model can increase student learning activities and mastery.

Ketidakmampuan sebagian besar siswa dalam memecahkan suatu permasalahan memperlihatkan bahwa siswa belum memahami konsep yang diajarkan guru dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, keterampilan memecahkan suatu permasalahan secara individu dan bekerjasama, siswa perlu diarahkan kepada suatu pemahaman, salah satunya dengan menentukan model pembelajaran, model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) merupakan sebuah model pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan efektivitas belajar psikomotorik siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (a) sebagian besar siswa memberikan respon yang positif terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS, (b) hasil observasi menunjukkan sebagian besar siswa dapat beraktivitas dalam proses pembelajaran, (c) hasil tes formatif dan tes sumatif menunjukkan bahwa siswa mengalami tingkat ketuntasan yang meningkat, (d) model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan ketuntasan belajar siswa.