bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possibilities and the Unintended and Unanticipated Post Qualitative Researcher
Authors: Franklin-Phipps Asilia
Published: December 2017

Inspired by Toni Morrison’s Sula (2004), this paper thinks through the use (broadly imagined) of literary texts that are experimentally read beside and through theoretical texts in order to prompt unexpected thinking. This approach places literature beside traditional research texts, rather than subordinate to such texts. The thinking and doing that occurs in relation to the tangle of texts, literary and otherwise, is already happening, even though often unrecognized. Differently attending to the jumble created by the multitude of texts that make up our reading lives might snag us in ways that open paths to new ways of thinking, resulting in novel approaches, or tangles of approaches, to post qualitative research. While literary texts are what is of interest here, the argument might extend to film, art, and other cultural texts not usually imagined as directly related to post qualitative inquiry.
Writing E/scapes
Authors: Ulmer Jasmine , Nordstrom Susan , Tesar Marek
Published: December 2017

scape. 1 a brief ‘escape or means of escape’ 2 ‘a scenic view, whether of sea, land, or sky’ 3 ‘in its various senses’ 4 ‘a long flower-stalk rising directly from the root or rhizome’ 5 a theoretical approach to writing
What really drives corporate social responsibility?
Authors: Stojanovic-Aleksic Vesna , Boskovic Aleksandra
Published: December 2017

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be motivated either by instrumental, moral or obligatory factors. The paper aims to explore how these motives influence the level of CSR. Specific attention is paid to the CSR in state-owned and private companies, since their motives are significantly different. In order to examine these relationships, we applied a set of statistical techniques. The findings indicate that internal CSR is more developed if philanthropic motives are dominant. Also, CSR in general, internal CSR and responsibility to customers, are higher in state-owned companies, compared to the private ones. The contribution of the paper is reflected in the discovery of new insights, which are the basis for future research, but also useful for directing the activities of management in the field of CSR which is one of the key preconditions for sustainable business.
Key Factors Determining the Ethnocentric Tendencies of Consumers in Serbia
Authors: Gašević Dragana , Tomašević Dragana , Vranješ Marija
Published: December 2017

Ethnocentric behaviour of consumers is related to the attitude and intentions of consumers when deciding upon purchasing a product, i.e., it is such a kind of behaviour which implies giving priority to purchasing domestic rather than foreign products. The results of a large number of studies show that not all consumers are equally ethnocentric. Therefore, it is of utmost significance to realize that consumers rely on various signals and make different decisions depending on their inclinations towards consumer ethnocentrism. The aim of this paper is to examine the influence and interaction of demographic characteristics of respondents in Serbia on consumer ethnocentrism. Several statistical techniques that provided support during the testing of research hypotheses have been applied in the preparation of this paper. We used nonparametric techniques (Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test). The results indicate that men are more ethnocentric than women, as well as persons with lower level of education than those with higher level of education. Also, the results have shown that respondents who achieve the highest level of income are not ethnocentric in the least. In addition, it has been established that there is no statistically significant impact of the criteria of the year on the level of consumer ethnocentrism. The research results provide useful information for marketers and managers of companies that currently operate or are planning to enter Serbian market in the forthcoming period. Another great benefit is reflected in the fact that these results draw the managers’ attention to the fact which consumer groups are the most ethnocentric and thus allow the creation of high quality strategies.
First field-based estimate of Antillean manatee abundance in the San Pedro River system suggests large errors in current estimates for Mexico
Authors: Puc-Carrasco Gissel , Morales-Vela Benjamín , Olivera-Gomez León David , González-Solís David
Published: December 2017

Fluvial-lagoon systems like the San Pedro River, a tributary of the Usumacinta River, are important habitats for Antillean manatees. These systems are characterized by complex watercourses that contain water with high turbidity levels, which have historically limited manatee studies in hydrological basins on the eastern coast of Mexico. This study aimed to estimate manatee density in the San Pedro River system and to determine how this density varies with changes in water level. Density was estimated using counts detected by side-scan sonar (SSS). Two monthly navigation sessions were conducted from January to June 2016. Each session consisted of running 3 consecutive boat surveys along a 23-km-long transect at a speed of 10 km/h. Manatees were detected with a Humminbird SSS unit. A total of 471 manatees were detected, of which 46 (10%) were calves and 425 (90%) adults. Four different calves were identified. Mean density was 21.7 manatees per square kilometer, fluctuating between 3.7 and 43.3 manatees per square kilometer. Changes in manatee density were attributable to variations in water level, which allow or restrict manatee access to the different water bodies that make up the San Pedro River system. We estimated that 28 manatees were present in the study area. Manatee densities were surprisingly low. It is thus urgent to continue monitoring studies using SSS and obtain an updated estimation of manatee population size in the hydrological basins on the eastern coast of Mexico, which is considered to be the most important population in the country.
Vertical fluxes of coccolithophores and foraminifera and their contributions to CaCO3 flux off the coast of Ensenada, Mexico
Authors: García-Romero Felipe , Cortés Mara Y , Rochín-Bañaga Heriberto , Bollmann Jörg , Aguirre-Bahena Fernando , Lara-Lara Rubén , Herguera Juan C
Published: December 2017

Coccoliths and foraminifera fluxes and their contributions to CaCO3 were estimated by analyzing the material collected by a sediment trap installed in the area adjacent to Ensenada, Baja California (Mexico). Coccoliths were identified and counted from images obtained with a Zeiss-Supra 55VP scanning electron microscope. Foraminifera were identified and analyzed with a Leica EZ4 stereoscope. Total CaCO3 was determined by coulometry. A total of 33 species of coccoliths were recorded; the most abundant species were Emiliania huxleyi type A, Gephyrocapsa oceanica (Equatorial), E. huxleyi type B, and G. oceanica (Larger), contributing 74% of total coccolith flux. The maximum flux of coccoliths was 1,539 × 106 m–2·d–1 in sample A-8, the minimum zero in sample A-10, and the average 1,028 × 106 m–2·d–1. Coccolith contribution to CaCO3 content ranged from 0.14 mg·m–2·d–1 in sample A-12 to 25.00 mg·m–2·d–1 in sample A-1, with an average of 5.60 mg·m–2·d–1. Helicosphaera carteri made the highest contribution with 10.00 mg·m–2·d–1 in sample A-1, and the rest of the species contributed <7.00 mg·m–2·d–1. Six genera of planktonic foraminifera were identified: Globigerina, Neogloboquadrina, Globorotalia, Pulleniatina, Globigerinoides, and Orbulina. The maximum flux of foraminifera was recorded in summer (513 m–2·d–1) and the minimum in spring (9 m–2·d–1). Benthic foraminifera were found to make an important contribution, even greater than the contribution from planktonic foraminifera, reflecting horizontal resuspension and/or transport processes. CaCO3 contributions by coccoliths and foraminifera were <1% of total CaCO3, and the rest was contributed by fragments of the other calcareous groups.
Quantifying the Contribution to Uncertainty in Mortality Attributed to Household, Ambient, and Joint Exposure to PM2.5From Residential Solid Fuel Use
Authors: Kodros J. K. , Carter E. , Brauer M. , Volckens J. , Bilsback K. R. , L'Orange C. , Johnson M. , Pierce J. R.
Published: December 2017

While there have been substantial efforts to quantify the health burden of exposure to PM2.5from solid fuel use (SFU), the sensitivity of mortality estimates to uncertainties in input parameters has not been quantified. Moreover, previous studies separate mortality from household and ambient air pollution. In this study, we develop a new estimate of mortality attributable to SFU due to the joint exposure from household and ambient PM2.5pollution and perform a variance‐based sensitivity analysis on mortality attributable to SFU. In the joint exposure calculation, we estimate 2.81 (95% confidence interval: 2.48–3.28) million premature deaths in 2015 attributed to PM2.5from SFU, which is 580,000 (18%) fewer deaths than would be calculated by summing separate household and ambient mortality calculations. Regarding the sources of uncertainties in these estimates, in China, India, and Latin America, we find that 53–56% of the uncertainty in mortality attributable to SFU is due to uncertainty in the percent of the population using solid fuels and 42–50% from the concentration‐response function. In sub‐Saharan Africa, baseline mortality rate (72%) and the concentration‐response function (33%) dominate the uncertainty space. Conversely, the sum of the variance contributed by ambient and household PM2.5exposure ranges between 15 and 38% across all regions (the percentages do not sum to 100% as some uncertainty is shared between parameters). Our findings suggest that future studies should focus on more precise quantification of solid fuel use and the concentration‐response relationship to PM2.5, as well as mortality rates in Africa.
Crystal Plasticity and Evolution of Polycrystalline Microstructure
Authors: Miehe Christian , Schotte Jan
Published: December 2017

The continuum slip theory of crystals provides a canonical framework of finite plasticity with physically well‐defined roots in the dislocation mechanics of metals. Reliable algorithmic settings of crystal plasticity are not only needed for structural analyses of single crystals but also provide a cornerstone for multiscale computations of evolving anisotropic microstructures in metallic polycrystals. This article summarizes a current status of computational crystal plasticity and its application to the texture analysis of polycrystals. It outlines a basic constitutive structure of crystal plasticity, alternative deformation‐driven stress update algorithms and a computational scheme for the nonlinear homogenization of polycrystalline aggregates. Particular emphasis is put on a canonical incremental variational formulation for Schmid‐type crystal plasticity with potential hardening where an incremental stress potential is obtained from a local minimization problem with respect to the internal variables. The existence of this stress potential allows the formulation of IBVPs for elastic–plastic crystals as a sequence of incremental minimization problems. Furthermore, the nonlinear homogenization of polycrystalline microstructures may be recast into a principle of minimum averaged incremental energy. Within this variational setting of homogenization, a quasi‐hyperelastic incremental macro‐stress potential is obtained from a global minimization problem with respect to the fine‐scale displacement fluctuation field. The performance of the formulations is demonstrated for benchmarks of single crystal plasticity and texture developments in polycrystals.
Multifield Problems
Authors: Schrefler Bernhard A. , Simoni L. , Markert B.
Published: December 2017

This chapter deals with multifield problems with overlapping domains. A review of a series of typical problems belonging to this class is first presented, where examples of up to six overlapping fields are shown. Then the most popular solution procedures are discussed. They are either the monolithic method or decoupled solution strategies involving some matrix partitioning. These methods are illustrated on selected model problems. The respective numerical properties and related issues are discussed and examples are shown.
Spectral Element andhpMethods
Authors: Yu Yue , Kirby Robert M. , Karniadakis George Em
Published: December 2017

Spectral/hpelement methods provide high‐order discretization, which is essential in the longtime integration of advection–diffusion systems and for capturing dynamic instabilities in solids. In this chapter, we review the main formulations for simulations of incompressible and compressible viscous flows as well as for solid mechanics and present several examples with some emphasis on fluid–structure interactions and interfaces. The first generation of (nodal) spectral elements was limited to relatively simple geometries and smooth solutions. However, the new generation of spectral/hpelements, consisting of both nodal and modal forms, can handle very complex geometries using unstructured grids and can capture strong shocks by employing discontinuous Galerkin methods. New flexible formulations allow simulations of multiphysics problems including extremely complex geometries and multiphase flows. Several implementation strategies have also been developed on the basis of multilevel parallel algorithms that allow dynamic ‐refinement at constant wall clock time. After three decades of intense developments, spectral element andhpmethods are mature and efficient to be used effectively in applications of industrial complexity. They provide the capabilities that standard finite element and finite volume methods do, but, in addition, they exhibit high‐order accuracy and error control.
Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Cockburn Bernardo
Published: December 2017

The discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods are locally conservative, high‐order accurate, robust methods that can easily handle elements of arbitrary shapes, irregular meshes with hanging nodes, and polynomial approximations of different degrees in different elements. These properties, which render them ideal forhp‐adaptivity in domains of complex geometry, have brought them to the main stream of computational fluid dynamics. We study the properties of the DG methods as applied to a wide variety of problems arising in fluid dynamics with a special emphasis on linear, symmetric positive hyperbolic systems, the Euler equations of gas dynamics, purely elliptic problems, and the incompressible and compressible Navier–Stokes equations. In each instance, we discuss the main properties of the methods, display the mechanisms that make them work so well, and present numerical experiments showing their performance.
Residual Distribution Schemes: Foundations and Analysis
Authors: Deconinck Herman , Ricchiuto Mario
Published: December 2017

In this article, we introduce and analyze the class of numerical schemes known as residual distribution or fluctuation splitting schemes. The root of this family of discretizations is found mainly in works aiming at generalizing the finite volume techniques to a genuinely multidimensional upwinding context, as in, for example (Hall, Morton, Ni, Roe). However, the final result is a numerical method sharing a lot with other techniques, such as finite element schemes (Carette, Deconinck, Paillere and Roe, 1995).

Our aim is to look at fluctuation splitting/residual distribution methods from a generic theoretical point of view. We discuss in a general way the basic principles and the criteria used in the design of the schemes: positivity, k‐exacteness, energy stability, well‐balancedness. We also show similarities with known, more classical, discretization techniques, as well as the main distinguishing features that make residual distribution methods a valid alternative to these classical schemes.

Finally, we present some numerical applications and comparisons. Throughout the text, we give an extensive overview of the existing literature, and finally conclude the chapter by reviewing most of the ongoing research on the topic.
Vortex Methods
Authors: Winckelmans G. S.
Published: December 2017

Vortex methods are presented, from the fundamentals to the advanced subjects. These methods are well suited to simulating unsteady, convection‐dominated, flows (inviscid and viscous). The spectrum of applicability is thus quite large. Examples are presented in incompressible flows (unbounded flows and bluff‐body flows) and in combustion.
Facile Synthesis of Lipid–Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsion Coated with Silica Shell as an Ultrasound Imaging Agent
Authors: Yang Qiang , Chen Huali , Bai Yan , Cao Yang , Hu Wenjing , Zhang Liangke
Published: December 2017

A novel organic/inorganic hybrid nanovesicle as an ultrasound imaging agent is synthesized via facile emulsion and silica deposition methods. This nanovesicle, hyaluronate (HA)–docetaxel (DTX)/perfluoro‐n‐pentane (PFP)@SNC, consists of an encapsulated liquid PFP core, loaded DTX, and an HA‐decorated silica shell. The HA–DTX/PFP@SNC has a narrow size distribution of 274.5 ± 3.25 nm, a negative zeta potential of −11.6 ± 0.47 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 86.70% ± 1.42%. HA–DTX/PFP@SNC possesses an ultrasound (US)‐triggered drug release and a temperature‐dependent size change behavior. Compared with DTX/PFP@soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), which has no silica shell, the HA–DTX/PFP@SNC is more stable under various conditions. The MTT assay indicates that the blank HA–PFP@SNC vehicle has no cytotoxicity to A549 cells. Furthermore, due to the HA‐mediated tumor‐targeting ability, the HA–DTX/PFP@SNC shows obvious cytotoxicity to A549 cells. In vitro and in vivo US imaging results indicate that HA–DTX/PFP@SNC has a stronger and more durable echo signal than DTX/PFP@SPC. Moreover, the in vivo echo signal of HA–DTX/PFP@SNC is stronger than that of DTX/PFP@SNC due to the HA‐mediated tumor targeting. Therefore, this novel organic/inorganic hybrid vesicle is a US contrast agent candidate.
Vertical Hydrodynamic Focusing and Continuous Acoustofluidic Separation of Particles via Upward Migration
Authors: Ahmed Husnain , Destgeer Ghulam , Park Jinsoo , Jung Jin Ho , Sung Hyung Jin
Published: December 2017

A particle suspended in a fluid within a microfluidic channel experiences a direct acoustic radiation force (ARF) when traveling surface acoustic waves (TSAWs) couple with the fluid at the Rayleigh angle, thus producing two components of the ARF. Most SAW‐based microfluidic devices rely on the horizontal component of the ARF to migrate prefocused particles laterally across a microchannel width. Although the magnitude of the vertical component of the ARF is more than twice the magnitude of the horizontal component, it is long ignored due to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel fabrication limitations and difficulties in particle focusing along the vertical direction. In the present work, a single‐layered PDMS microfluidic chip is devised for hydrodynamically focusing particles in the vertical plane while explicitly taking advantage of the horizontal ARF component to slow down the selected particles and the stronger vertical ARF component to push the particles in the upward direction to realize continuous particle separation. The proposed particle separation device offers high‐throughput operation with purity >97% and recovery rate >99%. It is simple in its fabrication and versatile due to the single‐layered microchannel design, combined with vertical hydrodynamic focusing and the use of both the horizontal and vertical components of the ARF.
Kern‐Schale‐Strukturierung rein metallischer Aerogele für eine hocheffiziente Nutzung von Platin für die Sauerstoffreduktion
Authors: Cai Bin , Hübner René , Sasaki Kotaro , Zhang Yuanzhe , Su Dong , Ziegler Christoph , Vukmirovic Miomir B. , Rellinghaus Bernd , Adzic Radoslav R. , Eychmüller Alexander
Published: December 2017

Die Entwicklung von rein metallischen Aerogelen mit Kern‐Schale‐Strukturen ist nach wie vor eine grundlegende Herausforderung. Hier stellen wir die Synthese von PdxAu‐Pt‐Kern‐Schale‐Aerogelen vor, welche aus einer ultradünnen Pt‐Schale und einem Kern aus einer PdxAu‐Legierung mit einstellbarer Zusammensetzung bestehen. Die universelle Synthesestrategie ermöglicht eine Erweiterung der Kern‐Zusammensetzung hin zu Pd‐Übergangsmetall‐Legierungen. Die Kern‐Schale‐Aerogele zeigen eine stark verbesserte Nutzungseffizienz von Pt in der Sauerstoffreduktion und ihre Aktivitäten folgen einem vulkanförmigen Verlauf bezüglich der Gitterparameter des Kern‐Substrats. Mit einer maximalen massenbezogenen bzw. spezifischen Aktivität von 5.25 A mg−1Pt bzw. 2.53 mA cm−2, welche 18.7‐ bzw. 4.1‐mal höher sind als die für Pt/C, zeigt sich die Überlegenheit dieser metallischen Kern‐Schale‐Aerogele. Die vorgeschlagene Kern‐basierte Aktivitätsabhängigkeit liefert eine neue mögliche Strategie für den Entwurf zukünftiger Kern‐Schale‐Elektrokatalysatoren.
Synthesis of ZnO photocatalyst modified with activated carbon for a perfect degradation of ciprofloxacin and its secondary pollutants
Authors: Nekouei Shahram , Nekouei Farzin , Kargarzadeh Hanieh
Published: December 2017

The proposed research, presents the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic accomplishment of ZnO nanoplate (ZnOs) modified with activated carbon derived from Konar bark. The obtained nanocomposite (photocatalyst) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). First, the ZnO photocatalyst and activated carbon (AC) were prepared separately; then, the ZnO photocatalyst was modified with activated carbon. Various parameters namely pH, degradation time, and photocatalyst dose were optimized and studied in multivariate method by design expert7 software. The synergic efficiency of ZnO‐AC (adsorbent/photocatalyst) exhibited a good rate of ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal under visible irradiation. In addition, first pseudo order kinetic and isotherms equations were calculated. Moreover, the identification of degradation products was performed by ultra performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC‐MS/MS). It is for the first time that a ZnO photocatalyst modified with activated carbon (ZnO‐AC) applied for CIP degradation.
Polyoxometalate encapsulated in metal‐organic gel as an efficient catalyst for visible‐light‐driven dye degradation applications
Authors: Zhou Xue‐jun , Ji Yue‐Xia , Cao Jia‐Feng , Xin Zhi‐Feng
Published: December 2017

Contamination of industrial sewage by organic dye pollutants is one of the most common challenges to the daily life. Decontamination can be achieved by adsorption and photodegradation of the pollutants. Herein, an effective visible light‐driven photocatalyst of polyoxometalate encapsulated in metal–organic gel was presented. The resulting composite was named PMA@ MOG‐Cr [PMA= H3PMo12O40, MOG= metal‐organic gel]. Photodegradation of dye pollutants with PMA@ MOG‐Cr were tested. The introduction of Phosphomolybdic Acid significantly enhanced the light‐absorption properties of MOG‐Cr. The PMA@MOG‐Cr showed an excellent photodegradation efficiency of MB, RhB and MO as high as 99% and 97% in 60 min and 91% in 120 min of visible‐light irradiation with only 10 mg photocatalyst, which was the highest among the tested samples MOG‐Cr, PMA@ MOG‐Cr and Degussa P‐25. The mechanism of the photodegradation of dye pollutants with H2O2 over PMA@MOG‐Cr under the visible light was further illustrated. The introduction of PMA promotes effective separation of electron–hole pair by trapping and transferring photogenerated electron. Thus, the two components act in synergy to result in much improved adsorption of certain common organic dyes as well as enhanced oxidative degradation. This work provides a new approach to design MOG encapsulated Polyoxometalate for visible light‐induced photodegradation of organic contaminants for the environmental remediation.
The impact of junk foods on the adolescent brain
Authors: Reichelt Amy C. , Rank Michelle M.
Published: December 2017

Adolescence is a significant period of physical, social, and emotional development, and is characterized by prominent neurobiological changes in the brain. The maturational processes that occur in brain regions responsible for cognitive control and reward seeking may underpin excessive consumption of palatable high fat and high sugar “junk” foods during adolescence. Recent studies have highlighted the negative impact of these foods on brain function, resulting in cognitive impairments and altered reward processing. The increased neuroplasticity during adolescence may render the brain vulnerable to the negative effects of these foods on cognition and behavior. In this review, we describe the mechanisms by which junk food diets influence neurodevelopment during adolescence. Diet can lead to alterations in dopamine‐mediated reward signaling, and inhibitory neurotransmission controlled by γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), two major neurotransmitter systems that are under construction across adolescence. We propose that poor dietary choices may derail the normal adolescent maturation process and influence neurodevelopmental trajectories, which can predispose individuals to dysregulated eating and impulsive behaviors.
Prostate‐induced orgasms: A concise review illustrated with a highly relevant case study
Authors: Levin R. J.
Published: December 2017

Current medical literature does not describe precisely the activation and mechanisms of prostate orgasms. This brief review describes what we know about the anatomy and physiology of the prostate and its involvement in reproduction and especially its stimulation for sexual recreation. It is illustrated with a highly relevant case history. Clin. Anat. 31:81–85, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical chiral pollution: Impact on the society and science and need of the regulations in the 21st century
Authors: Basheer Al Arsh
Published: December 2017

The chiral pollution is a serious issue for our health and environment due to the enantio‐selective biodegradation of the chiral pollutants. It has adverse impact on our society and science. There is a big loss of our economy due to the use of racemic agrochemicals. The most notorious chiral pollutants are pesticides, polychloro biphenyls, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, brominated flame retardants, drugs, and pharmaceuticals. More than 1500 chiral pollutants are present in the environment. Unfortunately, there is no regulation and control of the chiral pollutants. Therefore, it is an urgent need of the present 21st century to develop a data bank on the chiral pollutants, guidelines for controlling the production, sale and use of the racemic agrochemicals and the other industrial products. The Governments of the different countries should come forward to initiate the regulations. US, FDA, US EPA, and WHO are the most important regulatory authorities and should think about the chiral pollutants. The present article highlights the impact of the chiral pollution on the society and science. Besides, the efforts have also been made to emphasize the need of the regulations to control the chiral pollution.
Evaluation of the Estrous Cycle, Reproductive Tract, and Mammary Gland in Female Mice
Authors: Vidal Justin D. , Filgo Adam J.
Published: December 2017

Evaluation of the female reproductive system is an important part of basic reproductive biology research, toxicology testing, and mutant mouse phenotype assessment. The female reproductive system is dynamic and the onset of puberty and the normal changes observed during estrous cyclicity can create challenges for an investigator. Experimental work in the female mouse requires an understanding of the potential impact of the estrous cycle and tracking normal changes throughout the cycle allows for control of this key variable. The estrous cycle can be evaluated using vaginal cytology, which provides the researcher a daily assessment of the entire reproductive endocrine axis and allows for samples to be collected at precise times within the cycle. These protocols describe the basic approach to evaluating the onset of cyclicity, tracking the normal cycle, and collection and microscopic evaluation of the reproductive system and mammary gland in the mouse. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Assessing Sociability, Social Memory, and Pup Retrieval in Mice
Authors: Zimprich Annemarie , Niessing Jörn , Cohen Lior , Garrett Lillian , Einicke Jan , Sperling Bettina , Schmidt Mathias V. , Hölter Sabine M.
Published: December 2017

Adaptive social behavior is important in mammals, both for the well‐being of the individual and for the thriving of the species. Dysfunctions in social behavior occur in many neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diseases, and research into the genetic components of disease‐relevant social deficits can open up new avenues for understanding the underlying biological mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Genetically modified mouse models are particularly useful in this respect, and robust experimental protocols are needed to reliably assess relevant social behavior phenotypes. Here we describe in detail three protocols to quantitatively measure sociability, one of the most frequently investigated social behavior phenotypes in mice, using a three‐chamber sociability test. These protocols can be extended to also assess social memory. In addition, we provide a detailed protocol on pup retrieval, which is a particularly robust maternal behavior amenable to various scientific questions. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Contrasting beetle assemblage responses to cultivated farmlands and native woodlands in a dynamic agricultural landscape
Authors: Ng Katherina , Driscoll Don A. , Macfadyen Sarina , Barton Philip S. , McIntyre Sue , Lindenmayer David B.
Published: December 2017

There is an urgent need to identify ways of managing agricultural landscapes for biodiversity conservation without reducing food production. Farming practices that consider spatio‐temporal heterogeneity of farm fields may be a feasible alternative to large‐scale revegetation of farmlands for maintaining arthropod biodiversity and their important ecological function. We examined seasonal differences in beetle assemblages in woodland remnants and four adjoining farmland uses in a highly modified agricultural landscape in southeastern Australia. The farmland uses were crops, fallows, and two restoration treatments (fine woody debris applied over harvested crop fields, and restoration plantings). Unexpectedly, overall species richness was significantly lower in remnants than in adjacent farmlands. Remnants and farmlands supported significantly different assemblages, with a third of species found in both habitats. Abundance responses were taxon‐specific and influenced by interactions between land use and season. In particular, predator abundance was significantly higher in plantings and fallows during spring compared to summer. Detritivore abundance was significantly higher in the woody debris compared to the adjacent remnants. Herbivore abundance did not differ between remnants and farmlands over time. Complex responses provide strong support for a mosaic of land uses to effectively conserve different beetle groups. Species richness results suggest that further agricultural intensification, in farm fields and through the removal of remnant vegetation, risks reducing beetle diversity in this region. Maintaining farmland heterogeneity with a mix of low‐intensity land uses, such as conservation tillage, crop–fallow rotation, restoration plantings, and the novel application of fine woody debris over cultivated fields, may provide seasonal refuge and resources for beetles.
Gall wasp biocontrol of invasive Acacia longifolia: implications of strong bottom‐up effects
Authors: Henriksen Marie V. , Chapple David G. , Chown Steven L. , McGeoch Melodie A.
Published: December 2017

The population dynamics of insect herbivore biocontrol agents is central to the successful control of invasive weeds. Although the importance of agent population dynamics is recognized, it is rarely considered in assessments of the biocontrol potential of herbivore agents. Herbivore insect population dynamics are influenced by a combination of top‐down effects from natural enemies, bottom‐up effects from plant resource availability (resource quality and quantity), and potential interactions between these effects. To better understand the tri‐trophic interactions that are likely to determine biocontrol success in a host plant–gall wasp–parasitoid system, the relative importance of top‐down and bottom‐up effects for the survival of a herbivore biocontrol agent (Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae), on two Acacia host plants in their native range, was estimated using path analysis. On both host plants, there was a strong positive relationship between gall mass per chamber and gall wasp survival and a strong negative relationship between gall mass per chamber and gall parasitism, with parasitoids being less common in large than small galls. There was, however, no significant correlation between parasitism and gall wasp survival and, therefore, no evidence for top‐down effects in this system. Strong bottom‐up effects of host plant resources on both gall wasp survival and gall parasitism have implications for the spatio‐temporal variability of biocontrol success. Such variation should be considered in pre‐release assessments and post‐release monitoring of gall wasps used as herbivore biocontrol agents.
A Guiding Typology for Site Visits
Authors: Chapman Haynes Melissa , Murphy Nora F. , Patton Michael Quinn
Published: December 2017

Site visits are an often‐implemented, understudied activity that occurs in the diverse contexts where program evaluation is conducted. Further, the purposes of evaluative site visits are varied, ranging from provision of technical assistance and formative learning to high‐stakes accreditation site visits. The purpose of this chapter is to set the stage for the rest of this New Directions for Evaluation volume by presenting a typology of site visits with examples that illustrate variations in the eight categories or characteristics of the proposed typology. The typology will help practitioners clarify their thinking around their own site visits and aid in the evaluation planning and design phase of their practice. Additional chapters in this volume will add to the typology by discussing various aspects of quality, procedures, and use of site visits.
The evolution of the Cercopithecini: a (post)modern synthesis
Authors: Lo Bianco Stefania , Masters Judith C. , Sineo Luca
Published: December 2017

The Cercopithecini, or African guenon monkeys, are one of the most diverse clades of living primates and comprise the most species‐rich clade of Catarrhini. Species identity is announced by flamboyant coloration of the facial and genital regions and, more cryptically, by vigorous chromosomal rearrangements among taxa. Beneath the skin, however, these animals are skeletally conservative and show low levels of genetic sequence divergence consonant with recent divergence between congeneric species. The guenons clearly demonstrate that morphological, cytogenetic, and reproductive differentiation proceed at different rates during speciation. We review diverse kinds of data in an effort to understand this conundrum.
Paso del Norte Region Gas and Electricity Markets Growing Rapidly
Authors: Schaefer Patrick S. , Maldonado Mayra , Moreno José Ángel
Published: December 2017

An overview of the energy markets in the Paso del Norte region reveals not only a wealth of energy sources and the degree to which the region relies on those sources but also the critical support it provides to the broader Mexican and US energy markets.
EPA's 2017 Regional Haze Rule: Reasonable Progress or Reasonable Cost?
Authors: Hiser Eric L.
Published: December 2017

The 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments added protection of visibility to the Clean Air Act's regulatory program.1
2018 NAESB Electric and Gas Initiatives Show Continued Progress
Authors: Mallett Elizabeth
Published: December 2017

With several projects in hand, the North American Energy Standards Board (NAESB) will hit the ground running in 2018.
Neoproterozoic gabbro–granite association from the Micangshan area, northern Yangtze Block: Implication for crustal growth in an active continental margin
Authors: Lai Shao‐Cong , Qin Jiang‐Feng , Long Xiao‐Ping , Li Yong‐Fei , Ju Yin‐Juan , Zhu Ren‐Zhi , Zhao Shao‐Wei , Zhang Ze‐Zhong , Zhu Yu , Wang Jiang‐Bo
Published: December 2017

Neoproterozoic igneous rocks along the northern Yangtze Block are closely related to the evolution of the Rodinia supercontinent. This paper presents zircon U–Pb dating, whole‐rock geochemistry and Sr‐Nd isotopes of the gabbro–granite association from the Micangshan area, northern Yangtze Block. Zircon LA‐ICP MS U–Pb dating indicates that the tonalite and monzogranite from the Pinghe display identical ages of 869 ± 4 Ma (MSWD = 1.3, 2σ) and 859 ± 8 Ma (MSWD = 1.9, 2σ), respectively. According to the regional geology, the gabbro may be younger. The monzogranite and tonalite display almost identical geochemical features, both of them have high Na2O/K2O ratios, with insignificant negative Eu anomalies, relatively juvenile Sr‐Nd isotopic compositions. The monzogranite has initial (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.703403 to 0.705218, and positive ɛNd(t) values of +1.23 to +2.98. The tonalite have (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.700387 to 0.706222, positive ɛNd(t) values of +1.98 to +7.79, indicating that they were derived from juvenile source. The 860 Ma monzogranite–tonalite association suggests crustal growth event in an active continental margin. The gabbro has low (La/Yb)N ratios (1.80 to 7.61) and total rare earth element contents (∑REE = 44.95 to 83.92 ppm), they have initial (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.701913 to 0.704815, positive ɛNd(t) values of +0.65 to +5.73, indicating an island‐arc affinity. In combination with the other Neoproterozoic igneous rocks along the western and northern margin of the Yangtze Block, we propose that the gabbro and granitoid association from the Micangshan area represent two stage crustal growth events in the active continental margin setting, and these results imply that the Neoproterozoic crustal growth events in the Yangtze Block may be controlled by subduction.
Characteristics of dual media in tight‐sand gas reservoirs and its impact on reservoir quality: A case study of the Jurassic reservoir from the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Wang Pengwei , Jin Zhijun , Pang Xiongqi , Guo Yingchun , Chen Xiao , Guan Hong
Published: December 2017

The recent gas exploration in West China demonstrated that formation conditions of tight‐sandstone gas are distinct from typical ones in North America. One remarkable difference is that complicated tectonic conditions in the foreland basin of West China, especially the Himalayan tectonic movement, resulted in widely developed fractures in tight‐sand reservoirs. Thus, this work employed dual media to characterize tight‐sand reservoir system and explain the impact of dual media on tight‐sand gas reservoir by: (a) describing the feature of fractures and properties of Yinan 2 tight‐sand reservoir; (b) characterizing dual media with mercury intrusion porosimetry, full diameter and conventional core analysis; (c) discussing gas charging and accumulating in dual media based on the difference between dual media and tight‐sand rocks. Observation from cores, FMI images and thin sections suggested that macro‐ and micro‐fractures are widely distributed in Lower Jurassic Ahe Formation (J1a) tight sandstones, with dip angle of 70° to 80°. These fractures are strongly scale‐dependent with length of several centimetres to a few tens of centimetres and apertures of several hundreds to several thousands of microns. J1a tight‐sand reservoir is characterized by poor porosity, with an average value of 7.7%, whereas measured permeability varies from 0.01–100 mD. Intrusion and extrusion curves of dual media and tight‐sand rocks are significantly different from each other, while displacement pressure and medium saturation pressure of dual media are lower than tight‐sand rocks. Importantly, maximum pore throats of dual media are 1.75–32.22 times larger than juxtaposed tight‐sand rocks. The ratio of permeability between dual media and tight sandstone is up to 1,000, whereas the ratio of porosities only ranges from 1 to 1.5. Thus, dual media in tight‐sand reservoir represents high permeability system and matrix pores are primarily storage system. The impact of dual media on tight‐sand gas reservoir involves its position, temporal coupling of gas charging and growth. In terms of fracture growth prior to gas charge, multi‐force can work together as a driving force, and fractures as a flow system and matrix pores as a storage system linked by fractures; buoyancy is the primary driving force in fractures. In terms of gas charge prior to fracture growth, dual media can also exert a positive impact on gas charging when occurring in the inner part of tight‐sand reservoir defined by the critical throat threshold. However, dual media can also destroy the “inverted gas–water” and shrink tight‐sand gas reservoir when occurring at the original critical throat threshold.
Late Paleogene saline lake evolution of the Ningnan Basin and its response to the regional paleoclimate and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from sedimentary strata, and S and Sr isotopes
Authors: Wu Xiaoli , Li Rongxi , Hu Jianmin , Li Delu , Zhao Bangsheng , Liu Futian , Cheng Jinghua , Qin Xiaoli
Published: December 2017

A saline lake developed in the Ningnan Basin during the sedimentation of the Qingshuiying Formation in the Late Paleogene. In order to research the evolutionary characteristics of the saline lake and its response effect to the regional paleoclimate and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau in the Late Paleogene, the Hejiakouzi section of Qingshuiying Formation in the north of the Ningnan Basin was selected. The features of the strata, gypsum petrology, and S and Sr isotopes of synsedimentary gypsum were studied. Furthermore, the relationship of the evolution of the saline lake to the regional paleoclimate and the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau are discussed. The results showed that the lithology of Qingshuiying Formation was mainly celadon‐aubergine mudstone and gypsum. S and Sr isotopic values of synsedimentary gypsum were 8.2–12.3‰ and 0.7105–0.7113, respectively. The sedimentary environment of Qingshuiying Formation was generally a weak continental saline lake, which can be further divided into 4 kinds of sedimentary environment, namely deep saline lake, semi‐deep saline lake, shallow saline lake, and brackish lake. At 45–40 Ma, the first uplift of the Tibetan Plateau occurred with a humid climate, and a brackish lake was mainly germinated. At 40–30 Ma, the climate was dry and hot, and deep and semi‐deep saline lakes mainly developed. At 30–27 Ma, the climate became dry and cold, and a shallow saline lake mainly developed. At 27–23 Ma, the second uplift of the Tibetan Plateau occurred, the climate became humid and cold due to the East Asian summer monsoon, and a brackish lake mainly developed, and the evolution of saline lake was completed by this time.
Petrogenesis of Cenozoic shoshonitic rocks in Fiji: Constraints from mineral and whole‐rock geochemistry
Authors: Sun Guo‐Zheng , Xu Wen‐Liang , Wang Zhi‐Wei , Guo Peng , Liu Shu‐Wen
Published: December 2017

This paper reports mineral and whole‐rock geochemical data (major and trace elements, Sr–Nd isotopes, and in situ plagioclase Sr‐isotope analysis) for Cenozoic volcanic rocks from Sabeto, NW Fiji, with the aim of constraining the origin of Cenozoic shoshonitic rocks found throughout Fiji. The most mafic shoshonitic lavas (absarokites) exhibit porphyritic textures and massive structure with phenocrysts of olivine (Fo = 76–78), clinopyroxene (Mg# = 73.9–80.0), and plagioclase (An = 71.9–92.1). Major element geochemical data include SiO2 = 47.31–48.46 wt%, MgO = 4.20–5.76 wt%, Mg# = 49–51, Al2O3 = 17.64–18.93 wt%, and (Na2O + K2O) = 5.12–7.01 wt%. The trace element geochemistry is typically arc like, with enrichment in the large ion lithophile elements (LILEs), the light rare earth elements (LREEs), and P, along with depletion in the heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and high‐field‐strength elements (HFSEs; e.g., Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, and Ti). Whole‐rock (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios and εNd(t) values vary from 0.7037 to 0.7039 and from +7.62 to +8.45, respectively. The former is near equal to the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of plagioclase phenocrysts (0.7034–07039). Based on these geochemical data and the results of previous studies, we propose that the Sabeto shoshonitic primary magma was derived from partial melting of the depleted lithospheric mantle, modified by subduction‐related fluids. The thermobarometric calculation indicates that the P–T conditions of Fiji shoshonitic magma chamber are ~1100 °C and ~2.8 GPa (~90 km depth), with an average H2O fraction of ~6 wt%. In addition, the shoshonitic melts experienced fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene, olivine, and plagioclase during magma evolution. These volcanic rocks formed in an extensional setting following collision of the Vitiaz arc and the Ontong Java Plateau during the Pliocene.
Timing of the final closure of the Irtysh–Zaysan Ocean: New insights from the earliest stitching pluton in the northern West Junggar, NW China
Authors: Liu Bo , Chen Jia‐Fu , Ma Xu , Liu Jun‐Lai , Gong En‐Pu , Shi Wen‐Ge , Han Bao‐Fu
Published: December 2017

A tight constraint on the closure time of the Irtysh–Zaysan Ocean, a major southwestern branch of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean, is crucial for understanding the final amalgamation of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt; however, no agreement has been reached. This study presents new zircon U–Pb ages and whole‐rock geochemical data for the Keluke composite pluton in the Zharma–Saur arc of the northern West Junggar (NW China). The Keluke composite pluton mainly includes the hornblende gabbro, gabbroic diorite, and K‐feldspar granite. The laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the hornblende gabbro and K‐feldspar granite formed at 334 ± 1 Ma and 319 ± 4 Ma, respectively. The gabbroic and dioritic rocks are calc‐alkaline and arc‐related plutonism characterized by strong depletions in Nb–Ta–Ti, thus being the product of the subduction of the Irtysh–Zaysan Ocean. By contrast, the K‐feldspar granite is geochemically similar to the post‐collisional highly fractionated I‐type granite. In particular, when compared with regional magmatic events, the Keluke K‐feldspar granite represents the first stitching plutonism in response to the termination of the Irtysh–Zaisan Ocean, which strongly indicates that the Irtysh–Zaisan Ocean was closed prior to the earliest late Carboniferous.