bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desafios do ensino do fotojornalismo na cultura digital
Authors: Martins Ana Taís
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho descreve mudanças no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de fotojornalismo a partir da experiência docente numa universidade pública brasileira nos últimos 14 anos, cobrindo desde a transição das técnicas analógicas para a tecnologia digital até a consolidação da tecnologia digital. Os achados dessa experiência são interpretados sob a luz das teorias em torno da cultura visual, problematizando-se essas questões sobre as coerções ao imaginário introduzidas pelo entrecruzamento entre novas tecnologias de produção de imagens e rotinas do fotojornalismo. Apresentam-se a título ilustrativo algumas imagens produzidas recentemente no âmbito das atividades práticas das disciplinas de fotojornalismo. Conclui-se que o ensino do fotojornalismo traz constantes desafios técnicos, mas sobretudo éticos, com a complexificação cada vez maior dos conceitos de verdade e autoria num contexto de cultura digital.
Contribuciones y desafíos para los estudios comparativos internacionales sobre roles y valores periodísticos
Authors: Paul Dairan , Kikuti Andressa , Da Luz Suelyn
Published: December 2020

En esta entrevista, la investigadora Dra. Claudia Mellado analiza los desafíos y avances de los estudios comparativos internacionales,  detalla aspectos de la investigación del que actualmente coordina -  Journalistic Role Performance (JRP), sobre cultura, roles y valores profesionales, y la JRP-COVID, sobre los ciclos de atención mediática en la cobertura periodística de COVID-19. Mellado también analiza la influencia del contexto político y económico en la investigación en las áreas humana y social, en cuanto al financiamiento y la crisis generada por la pandemia.
Effectiveness of yoga intervention enhanced by progressive muscular
relaxation on pain in women after breast cancer surgery
Authors: Odynets Tetiana , Briskin Yuriy , Todorova Valentina , Pasichna Tetiana , Yefremova Anzhelika
Published: December 2020

Introduction

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of yoga intervention enhanced by progressive muscular
relaxation on pain in women after breast cancer surgery

Methods

Overall, 84 patients after Madden mastectomy were eligible for this study. After the exclusion of 7 women, 77 participants were randomly allocated to group A (n = 38), receiving progressive muscular relaxation and visualization exercises in addition to yoga intervention, and group B (n = 39), receiving yoga intervention only. McGill Pain Questionnaire and visual analogue scale were used to evaluate pain at baseline and after the 4-week intervention.

Results

Most of the investigated pain characteristics in both studied groups steadily improved during the 4-week rehabilitation. However, the 4-week monitoring indicated that using progressive muscular relaxation and visualization exercises in addition to the yoga intervention was more effective for reducing self-reported pain in women after Madden mastectomy. The post-intervention level of pain reported in the visual analogue scale and present pain intensity were statistically lower in group A compared with group B by 0.99 points (p < 0.05) and 1.68 points (p < 0.05), respectively.

Conclusions

Performing progressive muscular relaxation and visualization exercises in addition to yoga intervention helped reduce pain in women after Madden mastectomy.
Some Aspects of Complex Quantum Theories: A Brief Note
Authors: Prasad Mandal Bhabani
Published: December 2020

Theories with indefinite metric have a long and very rich history. Such theories are being used time to time in searching the solutions for many outstanding problems in physics over the several decades. However much attentions were not paid for these as they were not mathematically consistent with usual quantum theories. Towards the end of last century this field of research received huge boost, when attempts had been made to accommodate certain class of non-Hermitian theories in rigorous mathematical formulation. Subsequently it has been shown that certain specific types of non-Hermitian theories can lead to fully consistent quantum theories with complete real spectrum, unitary time evolution and probabilistic interpretation in a modified Hilbert space. Due to this important realisation, theories with complex Hamiltonian have become the topic of frontier research over last two decades and enormous applicationswere found in various branches of physics. In this brief note we try to review certain aspects of such theories where we have contributed. In particular, we discuss PT phase transition in non-relativistic, relativistic and quantum field theoretic systems and some new features of scattering in complex systems.
Statistical Study of Variability in Rainfall and Analysis of Etreme Rainfall
Events for Hill Stations of Uttarakhand
Authors: Pande Bimal , Joshi Sneh , Pande Seema
Published: December 2020

Statistical analysis of rainfall pattern and its variability for 20 years (1990-2010) data is
performed for two mountainous urban centres of Uttarakhand i.e. Almora (29.60
N, 79.670 E and altitude 1,204m asl) and Nainital (29.40 N, 79.470 E and altitude 2,020m asl). Non Parametric method of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) gives the correlation between different extreme rainfall indices. It is concluded that PCA suggest 90% of the variance in composite matrix of extreme rainfall indices.
Wide Field Photometric Study of Galactic Cluster NGC 6067
Authors: Durgapal Alok K. , Rangwal Geeta , Yadav R. K. S.
Published: December 2020

We conduct wide field BV photometry of open cluster NGC 6067 using the archive data taken from WFI@2.2 catalogue. The astrophysical parameters of the cluster such as age, cluster center and heliocentric distance using colour magnitude diagrams are calculated. We also calculated the value of interstellar extinction in the direction of this cluster.
Structure and Mass Function of Open Cluster NGC 6910
Authors: Kaur Harmeen , Sharma Saurabh , Durgapal Alok K.
Published: December 2020

NGC 6910 is located in a Cygnus X region, which is a ∼10◦ complex of actively star forming
molecular clouds and young clusters, located at a distance of about 1.7 kpc (Reipurth & Schneider 2008). Open clusters possess many favorable characteristics for initial mass function (IMF) studies. The observed mass function of a star cluster can in principle be determined from the observed luminosity function (LF) using theoretical stellar evolutionary models. Here, we are presenting our initial results related to structure
parameters, extinction, distance and mass function of open cluster NGC 6910 based on the deep and wide field mosaic images taken from 1.0m Sampurnand telescope of ARIES, India.
Quaternionic Formalism for Non-Abelian Gauge Theory of Dyons and Gravito-Dyons
Authors: Karnatak Gaurav , Bisht P.S. , Negi O.P.S.
Published: December 2020

Starting with the Quaternion formulation of SU (2 )× U (1)gauge theory of dyons and gravitodyons, it is shown that the formulation characterizes the abelian and non-Abelian gauge structure of dyons and gravito-dyons in terms of purely real and imaginary units of quaternion.
Dyonic Field Equations in Arbitrary Media
Authors: joshi Ila , Singh Garia Jivan
Published: December 2020

Starting with the generalized Maxwell field equation of dyon, the matrix form of generalized Maxwell field equation is formulated in a compact manner. The Maxwell field equations and Lorentz force for dyon in term of the matrix are also derived in arbitrary media (material media). It represents an additional field, which shows polarization and magnetization for the electric and magnetic charge. Finally, the Continuity equation for dyon is also derived.
PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF RIPARIAN VEGETATION OF THE SPRING-FED STREAM KYUNJA GAD, A TRIBUTARY OF RIVER MANDAKINI, RUDRPRAYAG
GARHWAL, UTTARAKHAND
Authors: Baluni Pratibha , Chandola Ashita
Published: December 2020

The vegetation around a river or stream is called riparian vegetation. The quality of riparian vegetation has direct influence on the quality of life in water. The fallen leaves and twigs of the riparian flora accumulated in side streams and after some time makes a detritus which becomes an intrinsic part of the stream and contributes to its productivity as food of various benthic and nektonic organisms. In the present contribution, an attempt has been
made to enlist the riparian vegetation around spring-fed stream Kyunja gad, tributary of the glacier-fed river Mandakini in District Rudrprayag, Garhwal, Uttarakhand. Total twenty-one tree species and twelve species of herbs and shrubs were observed
Genomic analysis of GBS data reveals genes associated with facial pigmentation in Xinyang blue-shelled layers
Authors: Hou Haobin , Wang Xiaoliang , Zhang Caiyun , Tu Yingying , Lv Wenwei , Cai Xia , Xu Zhigang , Yao Junfeng , Yang Changsuo
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Facial pigmentation is an important economic trait of
chickens, especially for laying hens, which will affect the carcass
appearance of eliminated layers. Therefore, identifying the genomic regions
and exploring the function of this region that contributes to understanding the
variation of skin color traits is significant for breeding. In the study,
291 pure-line Xinyang blue-shelled laying hens were selected, of which 75 were
dark-faced chickens and 216 were white-faced chickens. The population was
sequenced and typed by GBS genotyping technology. The obtained high-quality
SNPs and pigmentation phenotypes were analyzed by a genome-wide association
study (GWAS) and a FST scan. Based on the two analytical methods, we
identified a same genomic region (10.70–11.60 Mb) on chromosome 20 with 68
significant SNPs (−log 10(P)>6), mapped to 10 known genes,
including NPEPL1, EDN3, GNAS, C20orf85, VAPB, BMP7, TUBB1, ELMO2, DDX27, and NCOA5, which are associated with dermal
hyperpigmentation.
UK surface NO2 levels dropped by 42 % during the COVID-19 lockdown: impact on surface O3
Authors: Lee James D. , Drysdale Will S. , Finch Doug P. , Wilde Shona E. , Palmer Paul I.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. We report changes in surface nitrogen dioxide (NO2) across the UK during the COVID-19
pandemic when large and rapid emission reductions accompanied a nationwide lockdown (23 March–31
May 2020, inclusively), and compare them with values from an equivalent period over the previous
5 years. Data are from the Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN), which forms the basis of
checking nationwide compliance with ambient air quality directives. We calculate that
NO2 reduced by 42 %±9.8 % on average across all 126 urban AURN sites, with a
slightly larger (48 %±9.5 %) reduction at sites close to the roadside (urban traffic). We
also find that ozone (O3) increased by 11 % on average across the urban background
network during the lockdown period. Total oxidant levels
(Ox=NO2+O3) increased only slightly on average
(3.2 %±0.2 %), suggesting the majority of this change can be attributed to photochemical
repartitioning due to the reduction in NOx. Generally, we find larger, positive
Ox changes in southern UK cities, which we attribute to increased UV radiation
and temperature in 2020 compared to previous years. The net effect of the NO2 and
O3 changes is a sharp decrease in exceedances of the NO2 air quality objective
limit for the UK, with only one exceedance in London in 2020 up until the end of May. Concurrent
increases in O3 exceedances in London emphasize the potential for O3 to become
an air pollutant of concern as NOx emissions are reduced in the next
10–20 years.
Ozone deposition to a coastal sea: comparison of eddy covariance observations with reactive air–sea exchange models
Authors: Loades David C. , Yang Mingxi , Bell Thomas G. , Vaughan Adam R. , Pound Ryan J. , Metzger Stefan , Lee James D. , Carpenter Lucy J.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. A fast-response (10 Hz) chemiluminescence detector for
ozone (O3) was used to determine O3 fluxes using the eddy covariance
technique at the Penlee Point Atmospheric Observatory (PPAO) on the south
coast of the UK during April and May 2018. The median O3 flux was −0.132 mg m−2 h−1 (0.018 ppbv m s−1),
corresponding to a deposition velocity of 0.037 cm s−1
(interquartile range 0.017–0.065 cm s−1) – similar to the
higher values previously reported for open-ocean flux measurements but not
as high as some other coastal results. We demonstrate that a typical single
flux observation was above the 2σ limit of detection but had
considerable uncertainty. The median 2σ uncertainty of deposition
velocity was 0.031 cm s−1 for each 20 min period, which
reduces with the square root of the sample size. Eddy covariance footprint
analysis of the site indicates that the flux footprint was predominantly
over water (> 96 %), varying with atmospheric stability and, to
a lesser extent, with the tide. At very low wind speeds when the atmosphere
was typically unstable, the observed ozone deposition velocity was elevated,
most likely because the footprint contracted to include a greater land
contribution in these conditions. At moderate to high wind speeds when
atmospheric stability was near-neutral, the ozone deposition velocity
increased with wind speed and showed a linear dependence with friction
velocity. This observed dependence on friction velocity (and therefore also
wind speed) is consistent with the predictions from the one-layer model of
Fairall et al. (2007), which parameterises
the oceanic deposition of ozone from the fundamental conservation equation,
accounting for both ocean turbulence and near-surface chemical destruction,
while assuming that chemical O3 destruction by iodide is distributed over
depth. In contrast to our observations, the deposition velocity predicted by
the recently developed two-layer model of Luhar et al. (2018) (which
considers iodide reactivity in both layers but with molecular diffusivity
dominating over turbulent diffusivity in the first layer) shows no major
dependence of deposition velocity on wind speed and underestimates the
measured deposition velocities. These results call for further investigation
into the mechanisms and control of oceanic O3 deposition.
Microwave single-scattering properties of non-spheroidal raindrops
Authors: Ekelund Robin , Eriksson Patrick , Kahnert Michael
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Falling raindrops undergo a change in morphology as they grow in size and the fall speed increases. This change can lead to significant effects in passive and active microwave remote sensing measurements, typically in the form of a polarization signal. Because previous studies generally only considered either passive or active measurements and a limited set of frequencies, there exist no general guidelines on how and when to consider such raindrop effects in scientific and meteorological remote sensing. In an attempt to provide an overview on this topic, this study considered passive and active remote sensing simultaneously and a wider set of frequencies than in previous studies. Single-scattering property (SSP) data of horizontally oriented raindrops were calculated using the T-matrix method at a large set of frequencies (34 in total). The shapes of the raindrops were calculated assuming an aerodynamic equilibrium model, resulting in drops with flattened bases. The SSP data are published in an open-access repository in order to promote the usage of realistic microphysical assumptions in the microwave remote sensing community. Furthermore, the SSPs were employed in radiative transfer simulations of passive and active microwave rain observations, in order to investigate the impact of raindrop shape upon observations and to provide general guidelines on usage of the published database. Several instances of noticeable raindrop shape-induced effects could be identified.
For instance, it was found that the flattened base of equilibrium drops can lead to an enhancement in back-scattering at 94.1 GHz of 1.5 dBZ at 10 mm h−1, and passive simulations showed that shape-induced effects on measured brightness temperatures can be at least 1 K.
Compilation of relative pollen productivity (RPP) estimates and taxonomically harmonised RPP datasets for single continents and Northern Hemisphere extratropics
Authors: Wieczorek Mareike , Herzschuh Ulrike
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Relative pollen productivity (RPP) estimates are
fractionate values, often in relation to Poaceae, that allow vegetation
cover to be estimated from pollen counts with the help of models. RPP estimates are
especially used in the scientific community in Europe and China, with a few
studies in North America. Here we present a comprehensive compilation of
available northern hemispheric RPP studies and their results arising from 51
publications with 60 sites and 131 taxa. This compilation allows scientists
to identify data gaps in need of further RPP analyses but can also aid them
in finding an RPP set for their study region. We also present a
taxonomically harmonised, unified RPP dataset for the Northern Hemisphere
and subsets for North America (including Greenland), Europe (including
arctic Russia), and China, which we generated from the available studies. The
unified dataset gives the mean RPP for 55 harmonised taxa as well as fall
speeds, which are necessary to reconstruct vegetation cover from pollen
counts and RPP values. Data are openly available at
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922661 (Wieczorek and Herzschuh,
2020).
Future projections of High Atlas snowpack and runoff under
climate change
Authors: Tuel Alexandre , El Moçayd Nabil , Hasnaoui Moulay Driss , Eltahir Elfatih A. B.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The High Atlas, culminating at more than 4000 m, is the water tower of Morocco. While plains receive less than 400 mm of precipitation in an average year, the mountains can get twice as much, often in the form of snow between November and March. Snowmelt thus accounts for a large fraction of the river discharge in the region, and is particularly critical during spring, as the wet season ends but the need for irrigation increases. In the same region, future climate change projections point towards a significant decline in precipitation and enhanced warming of temperature. Understanding how the High Atlas snowpack will evolve under such trends is therefore of paramount importance to make informed projections of future water availability in Morocco. Here, we build on previous research results on snow and climate modeling in the High Atlas to make detailed projections of snowpack and river flow response to climate change in this region. Using a distributed energy balance snow model based on SNOW-17, high-resolution climate simulations over Morocco, and a panel regression framework to relate runoff ratios to regional meteorological conditions, we quantify the severe declines in snowpack and river discharge that are to be expected, even under a scenario of substantial mitigation of emissions. Our results have important implications for water resources planning and sustainability of agriculture in this already water-stressed region.
Examining the operational use of avalanche problems with decision trees and model-generated weather and snowpack variables
Authors: Horton Simon , Towell Moses , Haegeli Pascal
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Avalanche problems are used in avalanche forecasting to describe
snowpack, weather, and terrain factors that require distinct risk
management techniques. Although they have become an effective tool for
assessing and communicating avalanche hazard, their definitions leave
room for interpretation and inconsistencies. This study uses conditional
inference trees to explore the application of avalanche problems over
eight winters in Glacier National Park, Canada. The influences of weather
and snowpack variables on each avalanche problem type were explored by
analysing a continuous set of weather and snowpack variables produced
with a numerical weather prediction model and a physical snow cover
model. The decision trees suggest forecasters' assessments are based on not only
a physical analysis of weather and snowpack conditions but
also contextual information about the time of season, the location, and
interactions with other avalanche problems. The decision trees showed
clearer patterns when new avalanche problems were added to hazard
assessments compared to when problems were removed. Despite
discrepancies between modelled variables and field observations, the
model-generated variables produced intuitive explanations for conditions
influencing most avalanche problem types. For example, snowfall in the past 72 h was
the most significant variable for storm slab avalanche problems, skier
penetration depth was the most significant variable for dry loose
avalanche problems, and slab density was the most significant variable
for persistent-slab avalanche problems. The explanations for wind slab
and cornice avalanche problems were less intuitive, suggesting potential
inconsistencies in their application as well as shortcomings of the
model-generated data. The decision trees illustrate how forecasters
apply avalanche problems and can inform discussions about improved
operational practices and the development of data-driven decision aids.
What can seismic noise tell us about the Alpine reactivation of the Iberian Massif? An example in the Iberian Central System
Authors: Andrés Juvenal , Ayarza Puy , Schimmel Martin , Palomeras Imma , Ruiz Mario , Carbonell Ramon
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The Iberian Central System, formed after the Alpine
reactivation of the Variscan Iberian Massif, features maximum altitudes of
2500 m. It is surrounded by two foreland basins with contrasting elevation: the Duero Basin to the north, located at 750–800 m, and the Tajo Basin to the south,
lying at 450–500 m. The deep crustal structure of this mountain range seems
to be characterized by the existence of a moderate crustal root that
provides isostatic support for its topography. New seismic data are able to
constrain the geometry of this crustal root, which appears to be defined by
a northward lower-crustal imbrication of the southern Central Iberian crust
underneath this range. Contrarily to what was expected, this imbrication
also affects the upper crust, as the existing orogen-scale mid-crustal
Variscan detachment was probably assimilated during the Carboniferous
crustal melting that gave rise to the Central System batholith. In addition,
the lower crust might have thinned, allowing coupled deformation at both
crustal levels. This implies that the reactivated upper-crustal fractures
can reach lower-crustal depths, thus allowing the entire crust to sink. This
new model can explain the differences in topography between the Central
System foreland basins. Also, it provides further constraints on the crustal
geometry of this mountain range, as it seems to be that of an asymmetric
Alpine-type orogen, thus hindering the existence of buckling processes as
the sole origin of the deformation. The results presented here have been
achieved after autocorrelation of seismic noise along the CIMDEF (Central Iberian Massif DEFormation Mechanisms) profile.
Although the resolution of the dataset features limited resolution (0.5–4 Hz, stations placed at ∼ 5 km), this methodology has allowed
us to pinpoint some key structures that helped to constraint the deformation
mechanisms that affected Central Iberia during the Alpine orogeny.
Table of Contents - Fall 2020
Authors: McGeary Bryan James
Published: December 2020

Table of Contents - Fall 2020
Inmigración y segregación residencial en la ciudad de Madrid
Authors: Jiménez Blasco Beatriz Cristina , Resino García Rosa , Mayoral Peñas Milagros , Sassano Luiz Silvana
Published: December 2020

La segregación residencial por razones étnicas se constata en las ciudades españolas a partir de la última década del siglo XX con la llegada de una fuerte corriente inmigratoria internacional. Este artículo tiene como objetivo principal medir el nivel de desigualdad de la distribución de la población inmigrante en la ciudad de Madrid a partir de los Índices de Segregación y Disimilitud, y del cálculo de los cocientes de localización por barrios de los colectivos de inmigrantes con más presencia en dicha ciudad. Tras la identificación de los barrios más segregados se lleva a cabo un trabajo de campo con el fin de valorar el grado de “guetización” existente en los mismos. Los resultados apuntan a que la segregación en Madrid es bastante moderada, salvo en algunos barrios a los que es más apropiado calificar de enclaves étnicos que de guetos.
La industria forestal de España en la Economía circular, ¿su integración es posible?
Authors: Miramonte Carballada Ángel
Published: December 2020

En los últimos años una de las iniciativas que está siendo apoyada desde diferentes organismos y administraciones con un mayor grado de consenso, es la economía circular. Un nuevo modelo que tiene como objetivo principal unir la economía con la sostenibilidad, generando valor añadido a la materia prima, favoreciendo el reciclaje y creando pocos residuos. Se pretende constituir un marco político destinado a generar un crecimiento sostenible, integrador y que permita crear crecimiento y empleo. En España ya hay diversos documentos sobre economía circular, en el que determinados sectores poseen una serie de características que las vinculan más directamente como es la industria forestal, donde la madera es su principal materia prima y se trata de un material renovable, reutilizable y reciclable. Por lo que en este trabajo se realiza una primera evaluación de la situación en que se encuentra la industria forestal de España dentro de la economía circular.
Umwelt Extended: Toward New Approaches in the Study of the Technologically Modified Body
Authors: Kadlecová Jana , Krbec Jaroslav
Published: December 2020

This study introduces the practice of body hacking, modification, and extension of the body through technological means, and discusses a possible approach to anthropological research on people with technologically extended sensory apparatus. Most DIY modifications promise to extend capacities of the body not just quantitatively by enhancing what already exists, but qualitatively by adding new senses or organs that enable new connections with the outer world. The question is how it is possible to approach in social science research the subjective bodily experience of someone with sensory abilities beyond the human norm. This article proposes to look at this phenomenon from the standpoint of von Uexküll’s concept of Umwelt, which focuses on the study of the subjective experiential world of nonhuman animals and puts emphasis on processes of meaning creation, and not only in a symbolic and discursive way. Following current criticism of representationalism in anthropology, it will be suggested here that the Umwelt concept has a great potential for conceptualization of the technologically modified body in sociocultural anthropology and related disciplines.
Tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) integradas en estrategias didácticas innovadoras que faciliten procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje en la unidad de funciones de Matemática General, FAREM Estelí
Authors: Lanuza Saavedra Emilio Martín
Published: December 2020

Esta investigación tiene como finalidad, obtener suficientes juicios de valor para el diseño de un Modelo Didáctico en el cual se incluyan las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación TIC, como un elemento dinamizador y potenciador del aprendizaje de las funciones matemáticas del programa de la asignatura Matemática General que se imparte a los primeros años como materia básica en todas las carreras de la UNAN Managua. Con este proyecto se pretende aportar para que estudiantes, motivados por el uso de las TIC, alcancen un aprendizaje significativo, que les faciliten la comprensión del concepto de función matemática, así como la solución e interpretación de gráficas de las funciones algebraicas, exponenciales y logarítmicas, aplicadas a diferentes campos del conocimiento. El Modelo Didáctico producto de esta investigación, plantea la integración de elementos psicodidácticos que muchas veces no son tomados en cuenta en la facilitación de los contenidos matemáticos, y que son un factor clave para que los estudiantes alcancen el aprendizaje significativo. Los elementos que el Modelo Didáctico considera, están referidos a prestar atención a los procesos cognitivos que se generan en los estudiantes, la inteligencia emocional que el docente debe gestionar con en el grupo de clase y mantener siempre la creatividad, innovación y motivación para alcanzar las competencias que la unidad de funciones matemáticas demanda.
O processo de veridicção e governamentalidade planetária no combate ao terrorismo durante o governo George W. Bush
Authors: Maciel Tadeu Morato , Vieira Paulo Roberto Da Silva
Published: December 2020

O imediato pós-Guerra Fria inaugurou um período repleto de novos conflitos em âmbito global, os quais se estruturavam em uma lógica diferente da perspectiva tradicional de embates interestatais. Estes atritos têm, dentre suas características principais, a atuação de atores não-estatais e o caráter transterritorial das novas ameaças à governança global, como é possível observar no terrorismo contemporâneo. Atentos a essa dinâmica e tendo como base as contribuições analítico-metodológicas de Michel Foucault à análise do discurso, nesse artigo propomos examinar em que medida o processo de veridicção – enquanto construção de “regimes de verdade” – embasou as ações do governo norte-americano de George W. Bush contra grupos definidos como terroristas fundamentalistas. Tendo como hipótese que os novos dispositivos de segurança são formulados com o intuito de instaurar um policiamento que não se restringe ao âmbito interno de certos Estados, apropriamo-nos das noções de “governamentalidade” de Foucault (2016) e de “dispositivo diplomático-policial” de Rodrigues (2013) para indicar a transterritorialidade das políticas de segurança voltadas ao terrorismo. De forma específica, investigamos, a partir do Patriot Act (2001) e da National Security Strategy (2002), em que medida os discursos contribuem para a formulação das políticas de segurança estadunidense, favorecendo o estabelecimento de uma governamentalidade planetária ancorada em ações de repressão, prevenção e controle sob determinados grupos e populações comumente associados ao terrorismo. Nesse sentido, observamos como o fortalecimento do status de verdade para determinados discursos sobre o terrorismo contemporâneo permite a materialização de práticas de policiamento de condutas (dispositivo diplomático-policial) em prol de uma segurança planetária.Palavras-Chave: Terrorismo; Regimes de Verdade; Dispositivo diplomático-policial; Governo Bush; Governamentalidade Planetária.
A desertificação no Seridó do Rio Grande do Norte e da Paraíba: questão fundiária, pobreza rural e analfabetismo
Authors: Refati Daiana Caroline , Lima Ricardo Da Cunha Correia , Almeida Aline Gama de , Silva Neto Cícero Fidelis da , Queiroz Heithor Alexandre de Araújo
Published: December 2020

Pesquisa realizada no Seridó da Paraíba e do Rio Grande do Norte analisou o fenômeno da desertificação a partir do levantamento de indicadores socioeconômicos, ambientais e institucionais, organizados em força motriz, pressão, estado, impacto e resposta. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi aprofundar a discussão sobre a relação entre os indicadores de força motriz e o meio ambiente. Os indicadores selecionados foram concentração de terras (área dos estabelecimentos rurais menores que o módulo fiscal e sob regime de não propriedade) e desigualdades no campo (população rural abaixo da linha de pobreza e analfabetismo), os quais representam causas estruturais ou indiretas da desertificação. A metodologia utilizada foi revisão bibliográfica e sistematização de dados referentes à estrutura fundiária, à escolaridade e à renda de 32 municípios do Núcleo Seridó do Rio Grande do Norte e da Paraíba. O Seridó do Rio Grande do Norte possui maior número de grandes propriedades e predomínio de imóveis com assentados sem titulação definitiva, arrendatários e produtores sem área. O analfabetismo no campo é maior nos municípios do Seridó Ocidental potiguar e Oriental paraibano. No Seridó paraibano predominam minifúndios e maior população rural abaixo da linha da pobreza. Em sua porção oriental predominam parceiros e ocupantes e na ocidental, arrendatários e ocupantes. A relação entre os indicadores estudados com o meio ambiente é variável e, portanto, dependente de dinâmicas locais.
Diferenciais de gênero ao acesso à água na zona urbana do Seridó Potiguar – RN
Authors: Lopes Kaline Stephania Costa , Myrrha Luana Junqueira Dias , De Queiroz Silvana Nunes
Published: December 2020

O objetivo principal deste estudo é analisar os diferenciais de gênero no acesso à água em domicílios urbanos do Seridó Potiguar, localizado no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, por meio das informações da pesquisa domiciliar “Vulnerabilidade e Adaptação no Nordeste Brasileiro: Perspectivas Locais e Regionais sobre a Urbanização no Seridó Potiguar”,realizada entre 31 de janeiro e 23 de fevereiro de 2017. As unidades de análise são os domicílios chefiados por mulheres, monoparentais femininos e demais domicílios. A vulnerabilidade climática é enfrentada por todos os arranjos domiciliares analisados, na medida em que quase 60% dos domicílios têm água em casa até três dias na semana. Contudo, nos domicílios com menor renda, a compra de água e a capacidade de armazenamento são limitadas, como é o caso dos domicílios monoparentais femininos, isto é, os que vivenciam a menor renda per capita dentre os demais arranjos domiciliares, sendo os mais afetados pela situação climática. Além de afetar o mercado de trabalho, os eventos climáticos interferem também nas condições de vida no interior dos lares, o que penaliza duplamente as mulheres. A seca traz limitações ao acesso à água, recurso essencial para a realização dos afazeres domésticos e cuidados que são naturalizados como de responsabilidade feminina. Assim, conclui-se que o planejamento de políticas públicas para mitigar os efeitos da seca na vida dos residentes na região urbana do Seridó Potiguar, em especial nos domicílios chefiados por mulheres sem cônjuges, é essencial diante do enfrentamento climático.
Transposição do rio São Francisco e a vulnerabilidade sociodemográfica: desafios ao bem-estar da população sertaneja
Authors: Costa Paulo Victor Maciel da , Ojima Ricardo
Published: December 2020

O principal objetivo deste trabalho consiste em verificar como a mobilidade populacional decorrente da obra da transposição do rio São Francisco pode intensificar a vulnerabilidade sociodemográfica dos espaços urbanos da Área de Influência Direta (AID) desse empreendimento. O Projeto de Transposição localiza-se no semiárido setentrional do Nordeste brasileiro, espaço marcado pelas frequentes secas e pela desigualdade social e econômica. Originalmente destinado a mitigar os efeitos da seca, o Projeto de Transposição, em parte, traz consigo impactos não somente ambientais, mas principalmente sociais e demográficos. Nesse contexto, a mobilidade populacional é uma das questões demográficas decorrentes do Projeto de Transposição, por ser uma componente capaz de mudar rapidamente o tamanho e a composição da população nas áreas impactadas, que traz preocupações sobre as questões sociais (pobreza e exclusão social). No Brasil, pouco se tem abordado sobre a dimensão dos deslocamentos populacionais em torno da temática dos megaprojetos, ainda mais considerando os aspectos da vulnerabilidade sociodemográfica. Com base em informações do Censo Demográfico de 2010 e no arcabouço teórico de literaturas nacionais e internacionais que versam sobre a temática, buscou-se criar um índice sintético de vulnerabilidade sociodemográfica para analisar os impactos da mobilidade populacional decorrente do Projeto de Transposição. Os principais resultados mostram que o Projeto de Transposição agrava, em certa medida, os desafios a serem enfrentados pela população dos lugares mais próximos aos canais da obra, haja vista a fragilidade de capital humano (saúde, educação) e físico (habitação, deslocamento) dos migrantes residentes na AID.
“Vozes da seca”: lavradores, mediadores e poder público frente à estiagem no Semiárido do Jequitinhonha mineiro
Authors: Galizoni Flávia Maria , Ribeiro Eduardo Magalhães , Lima Vico Mendes Pereira , Gomes Natalino Martins , Da Silva Emília Pereira Fernandes
Published: December 2020

Entre 2013 e 2019, o Vale do Jequitinhonha, nordeste de Minas Gerais, enfrentou um período crítico de estiagem, com pouca chuva, concentrada em curtos períodos. Apesar de ser uma região que convive historicamente com irregularidades de precipitação, neste período a situação foi seriamente agravada pela degradação ambiental provocada pela monocultura de eucalipto e pela exploração mineral. No campo, os efeitos da seca e da privatização dos recursos recaíram principalmente sobre agricultores familiares, que mobilizaram as comunidades rurais organizadas e as agências de mediação, como sindicatos e associações, para ter acesso a programas públicos de abastecimento de água. Este artigo analisa iniciativas, originadas principalmente de órgãos estatais, mas também da sociedade civil, de provimento de água de comunidades rurais durante o período de seca. Usando entrevistas individuais e em grupo realizadas com os diversos atores envolvidos no assunto, examinou “vozes” dos agricultores e agentes públicos para entender como agricultores familiares atravessaram o período crítico de escassez. Os resultados indicam que, apesar da dimensão climática da seca alcançar toda a sociedade, a escassez incide de maneiras desiguais sobre grupos diferentes, revelando importantes filtros sociais e políticos. Destes filtros, o mais relevante é a gestão estatal da água.
Duas secas climaticamente análogas no semiárido nordestino com impactos sociais distintos
Authors: Mattos Luis Cláudio , May Peter
Published: December 2020

O período de seca que a região semiárida viveu entre 2010 e 2016 transcorreu de maneira bem distinta do que em períodos passados. Ainda que a seca fosse a mais intensa de que se tem notícia, seus impactos foram significativamente menores, sem registros de calamidades sociais. Em parte, os seus impactos sociais foram atenuados em função de uma nova concepção de resposta para o enfrentamento da seca, construída gradativamente ao longo de pouco mais de duas décadas de transformações na região. Este artigo se concentra em três campos de análise: (i) as características do campesinato que compõe a base social da região; (ii) as relações agroecológicas dos sistemas difundidos nos últimos anos; e (iii) o processo de mobilização da sociedade civil e a construção de novas políticas para o semiárido. Inicialmente, realizou-se uma comparação entre os períodos de seca com base em dados climatológicos disponibilizados pelo Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos/INPE. A partir daí, o trabalho se valeu de metodologias participativas de diagnósticos dos sistemas e subsistemas agroecológicos que remetem à convivência com o semiárido, demonstrando a importância do seu papel na composição dos estoques e na conversão do capital natural em outros ativos para as famílias agricultoras. A multifuncionalidade e a pluriatividade do campesinato do semiárido cumpriram um papel decisivo na estabilidade dos sistemas e na segurança alimentar da família. O estudo registrou a trajetória de construção de políticas públicas em que as ideias relacionadas à convivência com o semiárido e o foco na agricultura familiar passaram a compor ações de enfrentamento da seca e promoção do desenvolvimento.
IPO Pricing and Dealers’ Interaction: A Stochastic Frontier Approach
Authors: Cucculelli Marco , Geranio Manuela , Mazzoli Camilla , Severini Sabrina
Published: December 2020

This study investigates the impact of ongoing relationships between underwriters and institutional investors on Initial Public Offerings (IPO) pricing. Differently from previous studies that are focused on allocations of underpriced shares we propose a model of primary market pricing in which the incomplete adjustment of the offer price to its maximum achievable level depends on the intensity of interactions that occurred between players in the years before the IPO. Using a stochastic frontier approach on a sample of 1 677 US IPOs between 2000 and 2016 the paper shows that the more investment banks and investors regularly work together the more the IPO offer price is set closer to the fair value of the issuing firm. This analysis helps to disentangle the ambiguous effects of underwriters’ discretion on IPO primary market pricing when bookbuilding is used. We then support the idea that banks can maximize value to issuers by fostering a regular clientele of investors.
Coronapandemie 2020: een kritisch perspectief
Authors: Pieterman Roel
Published: December 2020

Corona Pandemic 2020: A critical perspective

Most countries in the world chose a more or less stringent form of lockdown policy in order to protect citizens from contagion. This essay offers a critical perspective by asking for the Netherlands whether flattening the curve does not cost more healthy life years (qaly’s) than it saves. A cost-benefit analysis is performed discussing four issues. First: how many qaly’s are actually saved by the lockdown measures? Second: what are the opportunity costs of the lockdown? This means investigating how many qaly’s could have been generated if the economic cost of the lockdown had been spent directly into health care. Third: investigating how many qaly’s are lost because of postponing regular care. And fourth: discussing how many qaly’s are at stake because of excess unemployment. While acknowledging uncertainties the conclusion seems unavoidable: lockdown has and will cost more qaly’s than it generates.
Skin Lesion Segmentation Using Local Binary Convolution-Deconvolution Architecture
Authors: Salih Omran , Viriri Serestina
Published: December 2020

Deep learning techniques such as Deep Convolutional Networks have achieved great success in skin lesion segmentation towards melanoma detection. The performance is however restrained by distinctive and challenging features of skin lesions such as irregular and fuzzy border, noise and artefacts presence and low contrast between lesions. The methods are also restricted with scarcity of annotated lesion images training dataset and limited computing resources. Recent research in convolutional neural network (CNN) has provided a variety of new architectures for deep learning. One interesting new architecture is the local binary convolutional neural network (LBCNN), which can reduce the workload of CNNs and improve the classification accuracy. The proposed framework employs the local binary convolution on U-net architecture instead of the standard convolution in order to reduced-size deep convolutional encoder-decoder network that adopts loss function for robust segmentation. The proposed framework replaced the encoder part in U-net by LBCNN layers. The approach automatically learns and segments complex features of skin lesion images. The encoder stage learns the contextual information by extracting discriminative features while the decoder stage captures the lesion boundaries of the skin images. This addresses the issues with encoder-decoder network producing coarse segmented output with challenging skin lesions appearances such as low contrast between healthy and unhealthy tissues and fine grained variability. It also addresses issues with multi-size, multi-scale and multi-resolution skin lesion images. The deep convolutional network also adopts a reduced-size network with just five levels of encoding-decoding network. This reduces greatly the consumption of computational processing resources. The system was evaluated on publicly available dataset of ISIC and PH2. The proposed system outperforms most of the existing state-of-art.
Improving the Cavalieri estimator under non-equidistant sampling and dropouts
Authors: Stehr Mads , Kiderlen Markus
Published: December 2020

Motivated by the stereological problem of volume estimation from parallel section profiles, the so-called Newton-Cotes integral estimators based on random sampling nodes are analyzed. These estimators generalize the classical Cavalieri estimator and its variant for non-equidistant sampling nodes, the generalized Cavalieri estimator, and have typically a substantially smaller variance than the latter. The present paper focuses on the following points in relation to Newton-Cotes estimators: the treatment of dropouts, the construction of variance estimators, and, finally, their application in volume estimation of convex bodies.Dropouts are eliminated points in the initial stationary point process of sampling nodes, modeled by independent thinning. Among other things, exact representations of the variance are given in terms of the thinning probability and increments of the initial points under two practically relevant sampling models. The paper presents a general estimation procedure for the variance of Newton-Cotes estimators based on the sampling nodes in a bounded interval. Finally, the findings are illustrated in an application of volume estimation for three-dimensional convex bodies with sufficiently smooth boundaries.
MOŻLIWOŚĆ WPROWADZANIA SIEWEM DĘBU W MONOKULTURACH SOSNOWYCH POCHODZĄCYCH Z ODNOWIENIA NATURALNEGO NA TERENIE NADLEŚNICTWA SKWIERZYNA
Authors: Ryś Andrzej , Hałuszczak Maciej
Published: December 2020

Oaks have an important economic and natural role in forestry. Due to the change in land use, the problem, in the long run turned out to be obtaining the desired, consistent with the habitat, species composition of crops, derived from natural regeneration of Scots pine. The aim of the work was to show biometric differences in oaks obtained from sowing and planting. The economic aspect of both ways of introducing hardwood admixtures in pine "monoliths" was also taken into consideration. The unit cost of renewing oaks by sowing is 5 times smaller than renewal by planting. The study found no biometric differences between plants. Attention was however paid to better resistance to drought from sowing oaks.
Charting Wakean Territory
Authors: McMorran Ciaran
Published: December 2020

This chapter explores how geometry is presented as a language for describing both visual and nonvisual spaces in Finnegans Wake. It demonstrates how the Wake’s Protean visual landscape is shaped by its polyphonic narrative, and how the Wakean landscape’s boundaries expand and contract in accordance with the movement and breathing of human bodies. With reference to Bruno’s notion that “the infinite straight line […] becomes the infinite circle,” it illustrates how straight lines and rectilinear thought processes veer off course as they are projected onto the uneven bodily, textual, and terrestrial surfaces which record the Wake’s ouroboric narrative. This chapter also investigates how James Joyce incorporates the notion of a “4d universe” in Finnegans Wake, in which time constitutes the fourth dimension of space, and how the “fourdimmansions” of Wakean space-time are framed by the quadrilateral gaze of its four historians as they chart the Wake’s territories using crisscrossing lines of sight. By examining the four old men’s attempts to describe Mr. and Mrs. Porter’s “sleepingchambers” in cycles around the four bedposts in III.4, this chapter considers how the penultimate chapter of Finnegans Wake reflects Joyce’s own concerns with the quadrature of the circle in his writing of the Wake.