bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decreasing the Rail Potential of High-Speed Railways Using Ground Wires
Authors: Wu Guanting , Song Kejian
Published: July 2023

For high-speed railways, the rail potential, i.e., the electrical potential difference between the rail and the ground, can be considerably higher than that of conventional speed electric railways and become a safety risk to the signaling devices along the line, because of the large train currents and the high rail–ground leakage resistance. Proper countermeasures must be taken to decrease the rail potential to a safe level. This paper first provides a brief theoretical discussion of the principles of how the rail potential arises and how to suppress it. Then, a program, TRANAS, that was developed for traction network analysis is used to calculate the effects of various suppression countermeasures for an AT feeding system, which include cross-bonding of tracks, inserting CPWs, grounding using catenary masts, laying bare buried ground wires and connecting to dedicated grounding grids, which are evaluated based on the calculation results. The use of buried ground wires shows good prospects for solving electric safety problems in an integrated way, which is investigated in detail. The fact that GWs can suppress the rail potential is attributed to the decrease in the leakage resistance of the return circuit, meaning a relatively small cross-section will be enough for them.
A Novel Constant Damping and High Stiffness Control Method for Flexible Space Manipulators Using Luenberger State Observer
Authors: Yang Tao , Xu Fang , Zeng Si , Zhao Shoujun , Liu Yuwang , Wang Yanbo
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a novel control strategy for transferring large inertia loads using flexible space manipulators in orbit. The proposed strategy employs a Luenberger state observer and damping-stiffness controller to address issues of large tracking error and vibration. A comprehensive joint dynamics model is developed to identify the main sources of disturbance, and a Luenberger state observer is designed to estimate unmeasurable transmission deformation. Transmission stiffness and load inertia perturbations are identified based on the estimated results. By adjusting velocity damping and the gain of the forward channel, perturbations are suppressed to maintain optimal system damping and stiffness. Simulation and physical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, with simulation experiments showing smoother joint output characteristics and minimal vibration under large load inertia changes, and a 97% reduction in internal deformation. Physical experiments demonstrate improved joint dynamic command tracking performance, with an 88% reduction in position tracking error. The algorithm provides a practical and efficient approach for transferring large inertia scientific payloads in space.
Numerical Study on the Dynamic Propagation Model of Cracks from Different Angles under the Effect of Circular Hole Explosion
Authors: Zhang Junwei , Wan Duanying , Gao Weiting , Zhou Lei , Wang Meng
Published: July 2023

A dynamic disturbance will induce cracks around the tunnel in tunnel blasting or shield construction. To investigate the overall stability of cracks with various angles during a fixed borehole (round hole explosion) blasting, models containing an individual crack with different angles were introduced for simulation research. The research set up a thin sheet model with a length of 350 mm and a width of 150 mm, with a 7 mm diameter hole and a pre-existing crack of 75 mm and 5 mm in the middle. The evolution of the stress wave propagation model and the crack propagation model were simulated using the AUTODYN software. And in this study, the theory of stress wave is used to creatively explain the dynamic load under the action of formation and reasons for the danger zone. The results indicate that pre-existing cracks from different angles will have an impact on the blast hole and the new cracks generated around itself. At 45–90°, pre-existing cracks will direct reflected stress waves to promote some cracks around the hole to have faster growth rates than others, and these special cracks with faster growths and longer lengths will more easily connect with the free surface or other cracks, resulting in overall instability. And these conditions are consistent with the prediction made by the stress wave propagation simulation study. The research results have certain guiding significance for the stability analysis and hazardous area prediction of tunnel blasting with existing cracks.
A Fuzzy-Random Extension of Jamshidian’s Bond Option Pricing Model and Compatible One-Factor Term Structure Models
Authors: de Andrés-Sánchez Jorge
Published: July 2023

The primary objective of this paper is to expand Jamshidian’s bond option formula and compatible one-factor term structure models by incorporating the existence of uncertainty in the parameters governing interest-rate fluctuations. Specifically, we consider imprecision in the parameters related to the speed of reversion, equilibrium short-term interest rate, and volatility. To model this uncertainty, we utilize fuzzy numbers, which, in this context, are interpreted as epistemic fuzzy sets. The second objective of this study is to propose a methodology for estimating these parameters based on historical data. To do so, we use the possibility distribution functions capability to quantify imprecise probability distributions. Furthermore, this paper presents an application to the term structure of fixed-income bonds with the highest credit rating in the Euro area. This empirical application allows for evaluating the effectiveness of the fuzzy extension in fitting the dynamics of interest rates and assessing the suitability of the proposed extension.
Sex-Linked Growth Disorder and Aberrant Pituitary Gene Expression in Nestin-Cre-Mediated Egr1 Conditional Knockout Mice
Authors: Swilley Cody , Lin Yu , Zheng Yuze , Xu Xiguang , Liu Min , Zimmerman Kurt , Xie Hehuang
Published: July 2023

Genes that regulate hormone release are essential for maintaining metabolism and energy balance. Egr1 encodes a transcription factor that regulates hormone production and release, and a decreased in growth hormones has been reported in Egr1 knockout mice. A reduction in growth hormones has also been observed in Nestin-Cre mice, a model frequently used to study the nervous system. Currently, it is unknown how Egr1 loss or the Nestin-Cre driver disrupt pituitary gene expression. Here, we compared the growth curves and pituitary gene expression profiles of Nestin-Cre-mediated Egr1 conditional knockout (Egr1cKO) mice with those of their controls. Reduced body weight was observed in both the Nestin-Cre and Egr1cKO mice, and the loss of Egr1 had a slightly more severe impact on female mice than on male mice. RNA-seq data analyses revealed that the sex-related differences were amplified in the Nestin-Cre-mediated Egr1 conditional knockout mice. Additionally, in the male mice, the influence of Egr1cKO on pituitary gene expression may be overridden by the Nestin-Cre driver. Differentially expressed genes associated with the Nestin-Cre driver were significantly enriched for genes related to growth factor activity and binding. Altogether, our results demonstrate that Nestin-Cre and the loss of Egr1 in the neuronal cell lineage have distinct impacts on pituitary gene expression in a sex-specific manner.
Syntheses of 25-Adamantyl-25-alkyl-2-methylidene-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 Derivatives with Structure–Function Studies of Antagonistic and Agonistic Active Vitamin D Analogs
Authors: Maekawa Kazuki , Ishizawa Michiyasu , Ikawa Takashi , Sajiki Hironao , Matsumoto Taro , Tokiwa Hiroaki , Makishima Makoto , Yamada Sachiko
Published: July 2023

The active form of vitamin D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], is a major regulator of calcium homeostasis through activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). We have previously synthesized vitamin D derivatives with large adamantane (AD) rings at position 24, 25, or 26 of the side chain to study VDR agonist and/or antagonist properties. One of them—ADTK1, with an AD ring and 23,24-triple bond—shows a high VDR affinity and cell-selective VDR activity. In this study, we synthesized novel vitamin D derivatives (ADKM1-6) with an alkyl group substituted at position 25 of ADTK1 to develop more cell-selective VDR ligands. ADKM2, ADKM4, and ADKM6 had VDR transcriptional activity comparable to 1,25(OH)2D3 and ADTK1, although their VDR affinities were weaker. Interestingly, ADKM2 has selective VDR activity in kidney- and skin-derived cells—a unique phenotype that differs from ADTK1. Furthermore, ADKM2, ADKM4, and ADKM6 induced osteoblast differentiation in human dedifferentiated fat cells more effectively than ADTK1. The development of vitamin D derivatives with bulky modifications such as AD at position 24, 25, or 26 of the side chain is useful for increased stability and tissue selectivity in VDR-targeting therapy.
Innovative Nanostructured Fillers for Dental Resins: Nanoporous Alumina and Titania Nanotubes
Authors: Eggenhöffner Roberto , Ghisellini Paola , Rando Cristina , Pechkova Eugenia , Terencio Tercio , Mazzolai Barbara , Giacomelli Luca , Barbaro Katia , Benedicenti Stefano
Published: July 2023

The possibility of improving dental restorative materials is investigated through the addition of two different types of fillers to a polymeric resin. These fillers, consisting of porous alumina and TiO2 nanotubes, are compared based on their common physicochemical properties on the nanometric scale. The aim was to characterize and compare the surface morphological properties of composite resins with different types of fillers using analytical techniques. Moreover, ways to optimize the mechanical, surface, and aesthetic properties of reinforced polymer composites are discussed for applications in dental treatments. Filler-reinforced polymer composites are the most widely used materials in curing dental pathologies, although it remains necessary to optimize properties such as mechanical resistance, surface characteristics, and biocompatibility. Anodized porous alumina nanoparticles prepared by electrochemical anodization offer a route to improve mechanical properties and biocompatibility as well as to allow for the controlled release of bioactive molecules that can promote tissue integration and regeneration. The inclusion of TiO2 nanotubes prepared by hydrothermal treatment in the resin matrix promotes the improvement of mechanical and physical properties such as strength, stiffness, and hardness, as well as aesthetic properties such as color stability and translucency. The surface morphological properties of composite resins with anodized porous alumina and TiO2 nanotube fillers were characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray chemical analysis. In addition, the stress–strain behavior of the two composite resins is examined in comparison with enamel and dentin.
Relationship between Racial Diversity in Medical Staff and Hospital Operational Efficiency: An Empirical Study of 3870 U.S. Hospitals
Authors: Lee C. Christopher , Cho Young Sik , Breen Diosmedy , Monroy Jessica , Seo Donghwi , Min Yong-Taek
Published: July 2023

Demand for foreign nurses and medical staff is rapidly increasing due to the severe labor shortage in U.S. hospitals triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, empirical studies on the effect of the racial diversity of medical staff on hospital operations are still lacking. This research gap is thus investigated based on the foreign medical staff working in 3870 U.S. hospitals. Results show that workforce racial diversity has a significantly positive relationship with hospital operational efficiency regarding occupancy rate, manpower productivity, capacity productivity, and case mix index. Notably, this study empirically supports that increasing the ratio of foreign nurses positively affects the overall operational efficiency of hospitals. In addition, the study results also indicate that the hospital location, size, ownership, and teaching status act as significant control variables for the relationship between racial diversity and hospital efficiency. These results imply that hospitals with these specific operating conditions need to pay more attention to racial diversity in the workplace, as they are structurally more sensitive to the relationship between racial diversity and operational efficiency. In short, the findings of this study suggest that hospital efficiency can be operationally improved by implementing workforce ethnic diversity. For this reason, hospital stakeholders and healthcare policymakers are expected to benefit from this study’s findings. Above all, the results of this study imply that if an organization adapts to extreme external environmental changes (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic) through appropriate organizational restructuring (i.e., expanding the workforce racial diversity by hiring foreign medical staff), the organization can gain a competitive advantage, a claim that is supported by contingency theory. Further, investors are increasingly interested in ESG, especially companies that embody ethical and socially conscious workplaces, including a diverse and inclusive workforce. Thereby, seeking racial diversity in the workforce is now seen as a fundamental benchmark for organizational behavior that predicts successful ESG business practices, a claim that is supported by stakeholder theory. Therefore, in conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that workforce racial diversity is no longer an optional consideration but should be considered as one of the essential determinants of competitive advantage in organizations, particularly in the healthcare sector.
Influence of Heterogeneous Foundation on the Safety of Inverted Cone Bottom Oil Storage Tanks under Earthquakes
Authors: Dai Zuhao , Qiao Hong , Hao Xvdong , Wang Yijuan , Lei Hanwen , Cui Zhiqiang
Published: July 2023

In order to study the mechanical properties of inverted cone bottom oil storage tanks under earthquakes when the foundation is uneven, finite element modeling calculation for a 20,000 m3 storage tank is carried out based on ANSYS Workbench. Wind load, hydraulic pressure load, and seismic load are all equalized as distributed loads with varying spatial positions. Considering various combinations of different heterogeneous foundations and seismic loads, and by adjusting the preset foundation bed coefficient, the final foundation bed coefficient and the maximum foundation settlement value when the equivalent stress of the tank floor reaches yield strength under different conditions are calculated. The results show that under the condition of heterogeneous foundation stiffness considering seismic action, when the coefficient of local foundation bed is higher than that of natural silty clay, the requirement for safe use of the inverted cone bottom storage tank can be met. Among the seven simulated heterogeneous foundation forms, the form with high foundation stiffness on the windward side has a great influence on the safety of storage tanks.
Porphyrin Modified UiO-66-NH2 for Highly Efficient Photoreduction of Cr(VI) under Visible Light
Authors: Yuan Kaiwen , Gong Bo , Peng Chundong , Feng Yanmei , Hu Yingmo , Chen Kai , Chen Daimei , Hao Derek
Published: July 2023

Cr(VI) is a common heavy metal pollutants present in the aquatic environment, which possess toxic and carcinogenic properties. In this study, a solvothermal reaction was used to prepare porphyrin (TCPP)-modified UiO-66-NH2 (UNT). The UNT integrated adsorption and photocatalytics in the application for dealing with Cr(VI). The photocatalytic reduction activities of UNT for Cr(VI) were investigated under visible light illumination. We found that the TCPP doping amount of 15 mg UNT (15-UNT) had a 10 times higher reduction rate of Cr(VI) than pristine UiO-66-NH2. The optimal 15-UNT photocatalyst demonstrated the highest photocatalytic activity, and Cr(VI) was completely removed within 80 min. In addition, the introduction of porphyrin not only enhanced the absorption of light but also enabled the transport of photogenerated electrons from porphyrin to UiO-66-NH2, which promoted the separation of charge carriers. Furthermore, the effects of factors such as porphyrin content, pH and light source on the photocatalytic reduction performances of UNT were also explored. Overall, this work presented a possible relationship between the crystal structures and the performance of UNT.
Developmental Coordination Disorder and Unhealthy Weight Status in Taiwanese Children: The Roles of Sex and Age
Authors: Li Yao-Chuen , Tseng Yu-Ting , Hsu Fang-Yu , Chao Hsuan-Chu , Wu Sheng K.
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to provide up-to-date information regarding the estimated prevalence of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in Taiwanese children. Their unhealthy weight status was also examined, as well as the roles of sex and age. This cross-sectional study recruited 825 children aged between 4 and 12 years and categorized them into either typically developing children (TD, >16th percentile) or children at risk for DCD (rDCD, ≤16th percentile) based on the result of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children—2nd edition. Body mass index was calculated to determine weight status (i.e., normal weight, underweight, overweight, and obesity). The estimated prevalence of rDCD was 9.7%. There were significantly more boys in the rDCD groups (p < 0.001). Additionally, preschool children with rDCD were at greater risk for being underweight. However, there was no significant group difference which was found for overweight/obesity. A lower prevalence of rDCD was found in this study. Nevertheless, children with rDCD may be more likely to be underweight in early childhood. Early intervention should be provided to target this population.
Adolescent Life Satisfaction: Association with Psychological, School-Related, Religious and Socially Supportive Factors
Authors: Piko Bettina F.
Published: July 2023

Adolescent life satisfaction is crucial to later adult health and well-being; therefore, searching for its correlates should receive priority in research. The aim of this study was to explore the role of psychological (depression, future orientation), school-related (school achievement, satisfaction with school), religious (going to church, importance of religion), socially supportive (family and friend support), other familial, and sociodemographic (age, sex, self-assessed socioeconomic status) factors in adolescent life satisfaction. This cross-sectional survey (entitled Szeged Youth Study 2022) involved a sample of middle and high school students (N = 2239, aged 11–18 years, 51.8% females) from public schools in Szeged, Hungary. Besides descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression analysis were applied to the data analyses. Boys scored higher on the life satisfaction scale (Satisfaction with Life Scale, SWLS), while the level of depression (Children’s Depression Inventory, CDI) was higher among girls. In the final regression model, family support was the strongest predictor of life satisfaction (β = 0.44, p < 0.001), followed by depression (as a negative contributor), socioeconomic (SES) self-assessment, future orientation, satisfaction with school, going to church, and friend support. School prevention programs should be focused not only on preventing mental health difficulties but also promoting adolescent well-being.
Antibody–Drug Conjugates in Breast Cancer: Ascent to Destiny and Beyond—A 2023 Review
Authors: Xiao Tian , Ali Sanji , Mata Danilo Giffoni M. M. , Lohmann Ana Elisa , Blanchette Phillip S.
Published: July 2023

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are revolutionizing cancer treatment, adding another important new class of systemic therapy. ADCs are a specially designed class of therapeutics that target cells expressing specific cancer antigens using directed antibody–drug delivery and release a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic payload. Over the past two decades, improvements in ADC design, development, and research, particularly in breast cancer, have led to several recent landmark publications. These advances have significantly changed various treatment paradigms and revamped traditional classifications of breast cancer with the introduction of a potential new subtype: “HER2-low”. This review will focus on several ADCs developed for breast cancer treatment, including trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), sacituzumab govitecan (SG) and other newer emerging agents. It will provide an overview of the role of ADCs in breast cancer and discuss the opportunities and challenges they present. Additionally, our review will discuss future research directions to improve the selection of targets, combination therapies, and aim to improve drug safety. Important first-line metastatic and adjuvant clinical trials are underway, which may expand the role of ADC therapy in breast cancer. We foresee ADCs driving a new era of breast cancer treatment, adding to the steady incremental survival advantage observed in recent years.
Focus on Therapeutic Options for Surgically Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Based on Novel Biomarkers
Authors: Olivari Alessandro , Agnetti Virginia , Garajová Ingrid
Published: July 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains associated with a poor prognosis, even when diagnosed at an early stage. Consequently, it is imperative to carefully consider the available therapeutic options and tailor them based on clinically relevant biomarkers. In our comprehensive review, we specifically concentrated on the identification of novel predictive and prognostic markers that have the potential to be integrated into multiparametric scoring systems. These scoring systems aim to accurately predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in surgically resectable pancreatic cancer cases. By identifying robust predictive markers, we can enhance our ability to select patients who are most likely to benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Furthermore, the identification of prognostic markers can provide valuable insights into the overall disease trajectory and inform treatment decisions. The development of multiparametric scoring systems that incorporate these markers holds great promise for optimizing the selection of patients for neoadjuvant chemotherapy, leading to improved outcomes in resectable pancreatic neoplasia. Continued research efforts are needed to validate and refine these markers and scoring systems, ultimately advancing the field of personalized medicine in pancreatic adenocarcinoma management.
Canadian Consensus Recommendations on the Management of KRAS G12C-Mutated NSCLC
Authors: Cheema Parneet K. , Banerji Shantanu O. , Blais Normand , Chu Quincy S.-C. , Juergens Rosalyn A. , Leighl Natasha B. , Sacher Adrian , Sheffield Brandon S. , Snow Stephanie , Vincent Mark , Wheatley-Price Paul F. , Yip Stephen , Melosky Barbara L.
Published: July 2023

Activating mutations in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS), in particular, a point mutation leading to a glycine-to-cysteine substitution at codon 12 (G12C), are among the most frequent genomic alterations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several agents targeting KRAS G12C have recently entered clinical development. Sotorasib, a first-in-class specific small molecule that irreversibly inhibits KRAS G12C, has since obtained Health Canada approval. The emergence of novel KRAS-targeted therapies warrants the development of evidence-based consensus recommendations to help clinicians better understand and contextualize the available data. A Canadian expert panel was convened to define the key clinical questions, review recent evidence, and discuss and agree on recommendations for the treatment of advanced KRAS G12C-mutated NSCLC. The panel agreed that testing for KRAS G12C should be performed as part of a comprehensive panel that includes current standard-of-care biomarkers. Sotorasib, the only approved KRAS G12C inhibitor in Canada, is recommended for patients with advanced KRAS G12C-mutated NSCLC who progressed on guideline-recommended first-line standard of care for advanced NSCLC without driver alterations (immune-checkpoint inhibitor(s) [ICIs] +/− chemotherapy). Sotorasib could also be offered as second-line therapy to patients who progressed on ICI monotherapy that are not candidates for a platinum doublet and those that received first-line chemotherapy with a contraindication to ICIs. Preliminary data indicate the activity of KRAS G12C inhibitors in brain metastases; however, the evidence is insufficient to make specific recommendations. Regular liver function monitoring is recommended when patients are prescribed KRAS G12C inhibitors due to risk of hepatotoxicity.
Peripheral Neuropathy Potentially Associated to Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors: An Analysis of the Eudravigilance Database
Authors: Jesus Mafalda , Cabral António , Monteiro Cristina , Duarte Ana Paula , Morgado Manuel
Published: July 2023

Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have emerged as a targeted therapy in cancer treatment with promising results in various types of cancer. This work aims to investigate the profile of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with PARPi through the reports provided by the Eudravigilance (EV) database. We also intend to analyze the potential association of peripheral neuropathy to PARPi. Data on individual case safety reports (ICSRs) were obtained by accessing the European spontaneous reporting system via the EV website. A total of 12,762 ICSRs were collected from the EV database. Serious cases of nervous system disorders were analyzed providing strong evidence that peripheral neuropathy was reported in a higher frequency in patients treated with niraparib. Most cases reported a not recovered/not resolved outcome and involved drug withdrawal. However, several studies suggest that PARPi attenuate chemotherapy-induced painful neuropathy. Unexpected ADRs such as peripheral neuropathy may also occur, mostly in patients taking niraparib. Further pharmacovigilance studies should be conducted in this area to clarify with more precision the toxicity profile of these drugs.
Artificial Intelligence in the Advanced Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer-Comprehensive Literature Review and Future Advancement
Authors: Ferro Matteo , Falagario Ugo Giovanni , Barone Biagio , Maggi Martina , Crocetto Felice , Busetto Gian Maria , Giudice Francesco del , Terracciano Daniela , Lucarelli Giuseppe , Lasorsa Francesco , Catellani Michele , Brescia Antonio , Mistretta Francesco Alessandro , Luzzago Stefano , Piccinelli Mattia Luca , Vartolomei Mihai Dorin , Jereczek-Fossa Barbara Alicja , Musi Gennaro , Montanari Emanuele , Cobelli Ottavio de , Tataru Octavian Sabin
Published: July 2023

Artificial intelligence is highly regarded as the most promising future technology that will have a great impact on healthcare across all specialties. Its subsets, machine learning, deep learning, and artificial neural networks, are able to automatically learn from massive amounts of data and can improve the prediction algorithms to enhance their performance. This area is still under development, but the latest evidence shows great potential in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of urological diseases, including bladder cancer, which are currently using old prediction tools and historical nomograms. This review focuses on highly significant and comprehensive literature evidence of artificial intelligence in the management of bladder cancer and investigates the near introduction in clinical practice.
Clinical Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance, Ion Release, and Biocompatibility of CoCr Alloy for Metal-Ceramic Restorations Produced by CAD/CAM Technologies
Authors: Tomova Zlatina , Vlahova Angelina , Zlatev Stefan , Stoeva Ilyana , Tomov Desislav , Davcheva Delyana , Hadzhigaev Viktor
Published: July 2023

Background. CAD/CAM technologies facilitate using powder CoCr alloys to produce metal-ceramic dental restorations. However, base alloys may induce oxidative stress in the oral cavity due to corrosion and ion release. This study evaluated resistance to corrosion and release of metal ions from 3D printed CoCr dental alloy and their effect on oral oxidative stress. Methods. Metal-ceramic crowns with 3D printed copings from CoCr alloy EOS CobaltChrome SP2 (EOS, Germany) were fabricated for 35 patients. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for measuring the concentration of Co and Cr ions in non-stimulated saliva before prosthetic treatment (BPT), at 2 h and 7 days after the dental treatment (APT2, APT7, respectively). Open circuit potentials (Eocp) were evaluated at APT2 and APT7. Estimating oral oxidative stress, measurements of 8-isoprostaglandin F2-alpha were conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) at stages BPT, APT2, and APT7. Results. Salivary Co level increased at APT2 and decreased to the initial levels at APT7. No statistical difference was found between the levels of 8-isoPGF2-alpha measured, and between the Eocp measurements at APT2 and APT7. Conclusions. The studied alloy showed stable corrosion resistance and the metal ion release did not induce oral oxidative stress.
Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers-Based Constant Modulus Waveform Design for Dual-Function Radar-Communication Systems
Authors: Saleem Ahmed , Basit Abdul , Munir Muhammad Fahad , Waseem Athar , Khan Wasim , Malik Aqdas Naveed , AlQahtani Salman A. , Daraz Amil , Pathak Pranavkumar
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we design constant modulus waveforms for dual-function radar-communication (DFRC) systems based on a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) configuration of sensors for a far-field scenario. At first, we formulate a non-convex optimization problem subject to waveform synthesis for minimizing the interference power while maintaining a constant modulus constraint. Next, we solve this non-convex problem, iteratively, using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. Importantly, the designed waveforms approximate a desired beampattern in terms of a high-gain radar beam and a slightly high gain communication beam while maintaining a desired low sidelobe level. The designed waveforms ensure an improved detection probability and an improved bit error rate (BER) for radar and communications parts, respectively. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method through simulation results.
Accurate On-Chip Thermal Peak Detection Based on Heuristic Algorithms and Embedded Temperature Sensors
Authors: Touati Djallel Eddine , Oukaira Aziz , Hassan Ahmad , Ali Mohamed , Lakhssassi Ahmed , Savaria Yvon
Published: July 2023

The reliability and lifetime of systems-on-chip (SoCs) are being seriously threatened by thermal issues. In modern SoCs, dynamic thermal management (DTM) uses the thermal data captured by thermal sensors to constantly track the hot spots and thermal peak locations in real time. Estimating peak temperatures and the location of these peaks can play a crucial role for DTM systems, as temperature underestimation can cause SoCs to fail and have shortened lifetime. In this paper, a novel sensor allocation algorithm (called thermal gradient tracker, TGT), based on the recursive elimination of regions that likely do not contain any thermal peaks, is proposed for determining regions that potentially contain thermal peaks. Then, based on an empirical source temperature detection technique called GDS (gradient direction sensor), a hybrid algorithm for detecting the position and temperature of thermal peaks is also proposed to increase the accuracy of temperature sensing while trying to keep the number of thermal sensors to a minimum. The essential parameters, H and R, of the GDS technique are determined using an automated search algorithm based on simulated annealing. The proposed algorithm has been applied in a system-on-chip (SoC) in which four heat sources are present, and for temperatures ranging between 45 °C and 115 °C, in a chip area equal to 25 mm2. The simulation results show that our proposed sensor allocation scheme can detect on-chip peaks with a maximum error of 1.48 °C and an average maximum error of 0.49 °C by using 15 thermal sensors.
On the Application of the Stability Methods to Time Series Data
Authors: Deng Vicky , Giurcăneanu Ciprian Doru
Published: July 2023

The important problem of selecting the predictors in a high-dimensional case where the number of candidates is larger than the sample size is often solved by the researchers from the signal processing community using the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm or other greedy algorithms. In this work, we show how the same problem can be solved by applying methods based on the concept of stability. Even if it is not a new concept, the stability is less known in the signal processing community. We illustrate the use of stability by presenting a relatively new algorithm from this family. As part of this presentation, we conduct a simulation study to investigate the effect of various parameters on the performance of the algorithm. Additionally, we compare the stability-based method with more than eighty variants of five different greedy algorithms in an experiment with air pollution data. The comparison demonstrates that the use of stability leads to promising results in the high-dimensional case.
Image Data Extraction and Driving Behavior Analysis Based on Geographic Information and Driving Data
Authors: Lin Huei-Yung , Zhang Jun-Zhi , Chang Chin-Chen
Published: July 2023

Driving behavior analysis has become crucial for traffic safety. In addition, more abundant driving data are needed to analyze driving behavior more comprehensively and thus improve traffic safety. This paper proposes an approach to image data extraction and driving behavior analysis that uses geographic information and driving data. Information derived from geographic and global positioning systems was used for image data extraction. In addition, we used an onboard diagnostic II and a controller area network bus logger to record driving data for driving behavior analysis. Driving behavior was analyzed using sparse automatic encoders and data exploration to detect abnormal and aggressive behavior. A regression analysis was performed to derive the relationship between aggressive driving behavior and road facilities. The results indicated that lane ratios, no lane markings, and straight lane markings are important features that affect aggressive driving behaviors. Several traffic improvements were proposed for specific intersections and roads to make drivers and pedestrians safer.
Strategies to Reduce Emissions from Diesel Engines under Cold Start Conditions: A Review
Authors: Zhang Xuewen , Huang Xiang , Ni Peiyong , Li Xiang
Published: July 2023

Reducing diesel engine emissions under cold start conditions has become much more valuable as environmental issues become more important. Regarding diesel engine emissions under cold start conditions, this review summarizes the emission mechanisms and specifically focuses on the research progress of four reduction strategies: biodiesel utilization, intake heating, injection optimization, and aftertreatment technologies. In general, adding biodiesel and Di-Ethyl-Ether (DEE) could provide the benefit of reducing emissions and maintaining engine performance. Intake heating and appropriate injection strategies could also effectively reduce emissions under cold start conditions. Unlike normal operating conditions, lean nitrogen oxide traps (LNT) or electrically heated catalysts (EHC) should be utilized in the aftertreatment of diesel engines to minimize emissions under cold start conditions. By offering the valuable information above, this review could be a helpful reference in reduction strategies for diesel engines under cold start conditions in both academia and industry.
Overview of the Potential of Energy Harvesting Sources in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Bentouba Said , Zioui Nadjet , Breuhaus Peter , Bourouis Mahmoud
Published: July 2023

Energy harvesting, a cutting-edge technology that captures wasted energy from vehicles, constitutes a means to improve the efficiency of electric vehicles. Dissipated energy can be converted into electricity using regenerative energy recovery systems and put to various uses. This study tenders a thorough examination into energy recovery technologies which could be applied to the various types of energy dissipated in electric vehicles. The paper investigates the possible sources of energy recoverable from an electric vehicle, as well as the various types of energy dissipated. It also examines the energy recovery technologies most frequently used in vehicles, categorizing them according to the type of energy and application. Finally, it determines that with further research and development, energy harvesting holds considerable potential for improving the energy efficiency of electric vehicles. New and innovative methods for capturing and utilizing wasted energy in electric vehicles can be established. The potential benefit of applying energy recovery systems in electric vehicles is a vital issue for the automobile industry to focus on due to the potential benefits involved. The ongoing progress currently being made in this field is expected to play a significant role in shaping the future of transportation.
Energy Requirements and Photovoltaic Area for Atmospheric Water Generation in Different Locations: Lisbon, Pretoria, and Riyadh
Authors: Correia Vasco , Silva Pedro D. , Pires Luís C.
Published: July 2023

Atmospheric water generation (AWG) is a technological innovation that facilitates the extraction of water from the atmosphere using various techniques. In response to mounting concerns regarding water scarcity in multiple regions globally, AWG has emerged as a promising solution for providing potable water in areas where conventional water sources are limited or contaminated. AWG systems can be implemented across diverse settings, ranging from individual households to large-scale industrial operations, and can be powered by renewable energy sources. Despite the inherent challenges associated with upscaling AWG technology to ensure its affordability and reliability, it possesses the potential to make a significant contribution towards meeting the water requirements of communities in both developed and developing nations. This study aimed to investigate the performance and limitations of a commercially available dehumidifier, namely, the Trotec TTK140S (Heinsberg, Germany), through experimental analysis. Additionally, the feasibility of integrating this dehumidifier with a photovoltaic energy source was explored. Initially, the dehumidifier’s water production and energy consumption were assessed under specific conditions. Subsequently, a comparison was conducted across three different locations (Lisbon, Pretoria, and Riyadh) to evaluate the dehumidifier’s operation and ascertain the photovoltaic module area necessary for it to function independently. This approach effectively addresses one of the main drawbacks of the technology, namely, its substantial energy consumption.
Optimized Control of a Hybrid Water Pumping System Integrated with Solar Photovoltaic and Battery Storage: Towards Sustainable and Green Water-Power Supply
Authors: Bakır Hale , Merabet Adel , Kiehbadroudinezhad Mohammadali
Published: July 2023

This article presents the modeling and optimization control of a hybrid water pumping system utilizing a brushless DC motor. The system incorporates battery storage and a solar photovoltaic array to achieve efficient water pumping. The solar array serves as the primary power source, supplying energy to the water pump for full-volume water surrender. During unfavorable weather conditions or when the photovoltaic array is unable to meet the power demands of the water pump, the battery discharges only at night or during inadequate solar conditions. Additionally, the photovoltaic array can charge the battery on its own when water distribution is not necessary, negating the need for external power sources. A bi-directional charge control mechanism is employed to facilitate automatic switching between the operating modes of the battery, utilizing a buck-boost DC–DC converter. The study incorporates a control system with loops for battery control and DC voltage control within the bidirectional converter. The water cycle algorithm adjusts four control parameters by minimizing an objective function based on tracking errors. The water cycle optimization is compared to other methods based on overshoot and settling time values to evaluate its performance, showcasing its effectiveness in analyzing the results.
Assessment of Energy Efficiency Using an Energy Monitoring System: A Case Study of a Major Energy-Consuming Enterprise in Vietnam
Authors: Dat Minh , Trung Kien , Minh Phap , Van Chau , Tran Quynh , Ngoc Trung
Published: July 2023

Vietnam’s economy has been growing rapidly in the last 20 years, leading to significant increases in energy consumption as well as in carbon emissions. Most electricity is consumed by loads of industry and construction due to the country’s socio-economic development strategy. An energy saving strategy cannot be achieved if the industry factories lack energy consumption data. The installation of energy monitoring systems can help to improve energy efficiency by supplying daily, monthly, and yearly energy consumption reports. Moreover, major energy-consuming enterprises in Vietnam must implement solutions for energy-efficient use as prescribed in the Law on Energy Efficient Use. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of an energy monitoring system as an improvement solution for energy efficiency in a typical major energy-consuming enterprise in Vietnam. The study’s results, after six months, show that the total saved electricity after installing the power monitoring system was 191,923 kWh. The company saved approximately 19.584 USD and reduced emission to the environment by 139 tons of CO2. In addition, the return on investment time of power monitoring systems is about 14 months, while the annual energy costs of the factory can be reduced by about 9.62% per year. Therefore, power monitoring systems should be promoted in factories with different scales to control energy wastage in the domestic industry field.
Estimating Hydropower Generation Flexibilities of a Hybrid Hydro–Wind Power System: From the Perspective of Multi-Time Scales
Authors: Man Xiaokun , Song Hongyan , Li Huanhuan
Published: July 2023

The increasing penetration of wind energy in electric power systems leads to a great demand for flexible resources to regulate power fluctuations. This paper focuses on investigating the impacts of the operational flexibility of hydropower generation systems on reducing wind curtailment and load shedding in a hybrid hydro–wind power system. Considering timescale variabilities of wind power, the upward and downward regulation capabilities of hydro flexibility under sub-hour and hour dispatch scales are estimated. Based on developed flexible indicators, the ultimate access ratio of wind power penetration into the power system is obtained by using the estimated probability of insufficient regulation reserves. All these analyses are carried out under the wet and dry periods to better understand their differences with the hydro flexibility. The method and obtained results provide important guidance for the stable and high-efficiency operation of hybrid power systems.
Definition and Validation of Vineyard Management Zones Based on Soil Apparent Electrical Conductivity and Altimetric Survey
Authors: Serrano João , Mau Vasco , Rodrigues Rodrigo , Paixão Luís , Shahidian Shakib , Marques da Silva José , Paniagua Luís L. , Moral Francisco J.
Published: July 2023

In the current context of increasing costs of production factors, it is essential to optimize the management of available resources, seeking to incorporate technologies that improve knowledge of the variables involved in the agronomic production process. The aim of this study is to define and validate management zones (MZ) in a 3.3 ha vineyard located near Évora, in the South of Portugal. A contact sensor (“Veris 2000 XA”) was used to map soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and a precision altimetric survey of the field was carried out with a global navigation satellite system receiver (GNSS). The results of these surveys were submitted to geostatistical treatments that allowed the definition of three MZ (less, intermediate, and more productive potential). The validation of such MZ was carried out by laboratory analysis of soil samples (texture, pH, organic matter—OM, moisture content, phosphorous, potassium, exchange bases, and cation exchange capacity—CEC), measurements of soil compaction (cone index—CI) with an electronic cone penetrometer, and through indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index—NDVI, and Normalized Difference Water Index—NDWI) obtained by remote sensing (RS) using Sentinel-2 satellite images. All these parameters (soil parameters and RS indices) proved the validity of the MZ (of less, intermediate, and more productive potential) defined from the ECa and altimetric survey. This validation attests to the interest of expeditious technological tools for monitoring ECa as a fundamental step in implementing smart agronomic decision-making processes.
Chemical Variability of Essential Oils from Corsican Hops and Highlighting Their Influence on Hops’ Aroma
Authors: Dabbous-Wach Axel , Lorenzetti Jean-Valère , Paolini Julien , Costa Jean
Published: July 2023

Essential oils from wild Corsican hops have never been described before. Following selective harvesting and extraction of plant material, chemical analysis was performed by GC–FID and GC–MS. Subsequent quantitative analysis demonstrated significant inter-stations variability due to pedoclimatic conditions. These singularities produce organoleptic differences, especially within Italian hops, which are the current benchmark for the Mediterranean hops’ population. Corsican wild hops are no exception. Accordingly, three olfactive bouquets were identified by a panel of selected and trained sensory analysts: woody herbaceous ginger notes, herbaceous citrus notes, and common notes. These bouquets appeared to be correlated to pedoclimatic parameters mentioned earlier such as altitude and proximity to the sea. A very rare and appreciated bouquet was associated with high levels of zingiberene in hops growing at moderate altitude and relatively far from the coastline. This study shows the importance of growing sites and pedoclimatic conditions to produce hops with the desired organoleptic notes during the beer making process and provides detailed identification of essential oils from Corsican wild hops.
An Overview of Recent Progress in Engineering Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Cultured Meat Production
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zou Liqiang , Liu Wei , Chen Xing
Published: July 2023

Cultured meat is a new type of green, safe, healthy, and sustainable alternative to traditional meat that will potentially alleviate the environmental impact of animal farming and reduce the requirement for animal slaughter. However, the cultured meat structures that have been prepared lack sufficient tissue alignment. To create a product that is similar in texture and taste to traditional animal meat, muscle stem cells must be organized in a way that imitates the natural structure of animal tissue. Recently, various scaffold technologies and biomaterials have been developed to support the three-dimensional (3D) cultivation and organization of muscle stem cells. Hence, we propose an overview of the latest advancements and challenges in creating three-dimensional scaffolds for the biomanufacturing of cultured meat.