bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development Of Student Entrepreneurship Skills Through The Independent Entrepreneurship Program At Gadjah Mada University 2023
Authors: Badrul Muhayat
Published: October 2024

Entrepreneurship plays an important role in driving economic growth and creating new jobs. Therefore, the development of entrepreneurial skills among students is very important. This study aims to analyze the development of student entrepreneurship skills through the Wirausaha Merdeka program at Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) in 2023. The Wirausaha Merdeka program is a national program that aims to create resilient and financially independent young entrepreneurs. This research uses a qualitative approach method. Data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews with students participating in the Wirausaha Merdeka program at UGM. The results showed that this program has successfully developed various entrepreneurial skills of students, such as managerial, marketing, financial, leadership, and communication skills. Through a series of training, mentoring, and hands-on practice in building a business, students can apply the knowledge gained in real terms. The positive impact of this program can be seen from the increase in students' interest and motivation for entrepreneurship, as well as the emergence of new innovative business ideas. However, there are also challenges such as lack of initial capital and difficulties in reaching a wider market. This research contributes to providing insight into the role of the Wirausaha Merdeka program in developing students' entrepreneurial skills and provides recommendations for future program improvements.
Application and Use of Rhetoric in the Scientific Field of Civic Education
Authors: Ari Hudrianto  , Samsuri  , Suyato
Published: October 2024

Studying rhetoric means discussing the concept and application of a philosophy of science in a particular scientific field. The philosophy of science is all human thoughts spontaneously respond to every problem in the context of the basic concept of the formation of a science or the relationship between one science and another for the good of mankind In this method to be able to study rhetoric as a use and application in the scientific field of civic education we can use literature study or literature study. A systematic scientific method of literature. In the explanation above, the application of rhetoric in the scientific field of civic education is a form of branch of science that aims to form good and smart citizenship in civic life. So in the delivery of civic education science in delivering learning material can be done by providing logical arguments by showing evidence directly or indirectly to be able to prove scientific Civic education application of rhetoric in scientific midwives Civic education is a branch of the discipline of law and politics packaged in education which aims to form Smart and Good Citizenship. With good, ethical, and emotional delivery supported by the delivery of strong and accurate evidence, and can argue logically in presenting the evidence.
CLASSIFICAÇÃO AUTOMATIZADA DE PRODUTOS DA NOTA FISCAL ELETRÔNICA DE COMPRAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Melo Bruno Mattos Souza de Souza , Amaral Wellington de Souza , Lima Leonardo Silva de , Silva Eduardo Bezerra da
Published: October 2024

O problema de agrupamento e classificação de produtos quanto à sua natureza e similaridade, a partir das informações constantes das notas fiscais eletrônicas (NFE), é comum a todos os órgãos de controle do Brasil. Com o uso da base de dados das NFEs de produtos adquiridos pelo Estado do Rio de Janeiro, da base de dados de medicamentos autorizados pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária e de técnicas de mineração de dados, desenvolveu-se uma metodologia para agrupar e classificar os bens e produtos farmacêuticos adquiridos por órgãos da administração pública fluminense. A contribuição imediata da metodologia desenvolvida é o aumento da capacidade analítica dos órgãos de controle de todo o Brasil na fiscalização das despesas relacionadas aos medicamentos adquiridos pela rede pública de saúde.
A Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento de Pessoas na UFPel: um estudo com os secretários executivos sob a ótica da gestão por competências
Authors: Rodrigues Camilo Cardoso Hise , Pinto Rodrigo Serpa
Published: October 2024

O presente estudo analisa a implementação da Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento de Pessoas (PNDP) na Universidade Federal de Pelotas, focando nos Secretários Executivos e na Gestão por Competências. Utilizando entrevistas e documentos da área de gestão de pessoas, constatou-se que, apesar da importância da PNDP, as competências individuais dos Secretários Executivos não são adequadamente exploradas. A Gestão por Competências ainda não é plenamente utilizada para desenvolver os servidores, levando à insatisfação de cinco das sete entrevistadas. Como sugestão de intervenção, propõe-se a criação de um guia para auxiliar na movimentação desses servidores, adaptável a outros cargos na instituição.
Stress-induced Late Onset Adult Section Idiopathic Epilepsy after Snakebite: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Raveekumaran Vignessh , Raj Elakkian , Selvaraj Sethuraj
Published: October 2024

Viper snake bites are associated with haemorrhagic qualities and bleeding disorders, including intracerebral haemorrhage. However, idiopathic epilepsy resulting from viper venom is considered a rare condition. Here is a case of a 30-year-old female who developed idiopathic epilepsy following a snake bite within two hours of the incident. Based on her clinical symptoms and laboratory investigations, the patient was immediately treated with Anti-Snake Venom (ASV) and supportive care. She then experienced an idiopathic seizure upon admission, and her Electroencephalography (EEG) showed generalised epileptiform activity. Subsequently, she was treated with anticonvulsant agents. After being discharged, the patient was readmitted one month later for the same condition, experiencing multiple seizure episodes, each lasting about 40 to 50 seconds. Her MRI of the brain was normal. She was then treated with two anticonvulsant agents and discharged with regular follow-up. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high suspicion for seizures in patients presenting after envenomation. Early diagnosis and aggressive management may help prevent further neuromuscular damage to the patient.
Crude Price Changes and Nigeria’s Foreign Reserves, 2008-2023
Authors: Justin Ogbonna LINUS, , Faith Chidinma LAWAL, , Okafor Sunday O.
Published: October 2024

The study investigated the correlational association between crude price and foreign reserves using the Nigerian economy as the jurisdiction of interest. The study covered the period 2008 to 2023 representing a 25year period. Bivariate pairwise correlational matrix was used to find that a highly significant positive linear association exists between crude price and foreign reserves. Following the findings arising from this study, it is recommended that the country should take advantage of crude price movement in building its foreign reserves given that increase in crude price will likely lead to a rise in revenue from crude sale. A high foreign reserve can act as stabilization fund for exchange rate, debt management and other shocks from international financial flows. Building foreign reserves can be beneficial in managing such exposures to the advantage of the Nigerian economy.
Biofortification of Wheat Using Biologically Synthesized Zinc Nanoparticles
Authors: Nazma S. , Sudha T. , Biradar D.P. , Krishnaraj P.U. , Shekhar S.S. Chandra , Ravikumar H.
Published: October 2024

The research was carried out at the Green Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, with a specific emphasis on the biosynthesis of zinc nanoparticles using Pseudomonas and actinobacteria. The zinc nanoparticles were biosynthesized and characterized through UV-Visible spectroscopy, Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). After biosynthesis and characterization of the nanoparticles (NPs), a pot experiment was conducted under controlled condition to enrich the zinc content in wheat using biosynthesized zinc nanoparticles.In wheatseed priming @ 500 ppm and foliar spraying @ 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with zinc nanoparticles biosynthesized through actinobacteria(T12) recorded significantly higher number of grains per spike (46.73), 1000 grain weight (42.26 g), grain yield (3.95g plant-1), straw yield (5.97g plant-1), zinc content (grain 55.87μg g-1 and straw 66.27μg g-1) and zincuptake (grain 220.69 μg plant-1, straw 395.63μg plant-1 and total zinc uptake 616.32μg plant-1), which was on par with seed priming @ 500 ppm and foliar spraying @ 500 ppm at panicle initiation stage with zinc nanoparticles biosynthesized through Pseudomonas (T5).
Assessment of Lepidopteran Pest Dynamics in Maize: Dominance of Spodoptera frugiperda and Implications for Targeted Management in Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kharwal Diksha , Sharma Aarushi , Sharma Pawan Kumar
Published: October 2024

Maize (Zea mays L.) plays a crucial role in the agricultural economy of India, particularly in Himachal Pradesh, where it serves as a vital crop for food, feed, and fodder. This study assessed the distribution, and relative abundance of lepidopteran pests infesting maize during the kharif, 2022-23 across two agro-climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh. Surveys identified five key lepidopteran pests: Spodoptera frugiperda, Chilo partellus, Mythimna separata, Agrotis ipsilon, and Euproctis spp. Among all, S. frugiperda is the only pest occurring among the major three crop stages of maize. The findings revealed that S. frugiperda was the most dominant pest, with relative abundance values of 19.57 per cent in Zone I and 18.94 per cent in Zone II during the seedling stage, increasing to 30.87 per cent and 30.40 per cent during the vegetative stage, respectively. In contrast, other pests like C. partellus, M. separata, A. ipsilon, and Euproctis spp. exhibited variable distribution patterns, with some showing limited occurrence. In conclusion, this study underscores the necessity for targeted pest management strategies to address dominant and subdominant lepidopteran pests in maize cultivation in Himachal Pradesh. The results offer valuable insights that can inform focused pest control efforts, with the potential to significantly enhance sustainable maize production, crop resilience and overall productivity in the region.
Effect of IBA Concentration (Indol Butaric Acid) and Growing Condition on Performance of Cuttings in Mogra (Jasminum sambac)
Authors: Makwana R. J. , Rathva V. D. , Panchal B. H.
Published: October 2024

An experiment was laid out to study influence of different levels of IBA and growing condition on cuttings of Mogra (Jasminum sambac) at Sheth D. M. polytechnic in Horticulture College, Anand Agricultural University, Model farm, Vadodara during 2022 to 2024. The study was conducted using completely randomized design with factorial concept and three replications for each treatment. Total 10 treatment combination of two factors viz., growing condition (open and NVPH) and IBA concentration (500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm) were compared with control (deepen in distilled water). IBA significantly improved the performance of cuttings under naturally ventilated poly-house condition. 1500 ppm IBA concentration recorded significantly lower days to sprout (13.83 days), higher shoot length at 30, 45 and 60 DAP (2.80 cm, 7.64 cm and 11.63 cm), root length (4.18 cm), number of leaves at 30, 45 and 60 DAP (2.87, 6.03 and 8.47), fresh weight (11.63g), dry weight (4.18g) and survival percentage (66.11%). Where as in growing condition, naturally ventilated poly-house recorded significantly lower days to sprout (13.27 days), higher shoot length at 30, 45 and 60 DAP (2.40cm, 7.26 cm and 11.80 cm), root length (3.89 cm), number of leaves at 30, 45 and 60 DAP (2.72 , 4.80 and 7.85), fresh weight (11.80 g), dry weight (3.89 g) and survival percentage (64.56%). Semi hardwood cuttings of Jasminum sambac treated with 1500 ppm IBA concentration treatment for 5 min and planted in polybags under Naturally ventilated poly-house showed promising growth with higher sprouting and survival percentage as compared to other treatments. It was recommended to propagate semi hardwood cuttings of Jasminum sambac with 1500 ppm IBA concentration for 5 min and plant them in naturally ventilated polyhouse to get maximum sprouting percentage and quality planting material.
150 Jahre Maßgeblichkeitsgrundsatz – Zwischenbilanz und Prognose
Authors: Jürgen Marx Franz
Published: October 2024

Der Beitrag setzt sich mit dem zentralen Bindeglied von handelsund steuerrechtlicher Gewinnermittlung auseinander. Dabei wird angesichts der ersten Regulierung vor einhundertfünfzig Jahren in Bremen ein intensiver Blick auf das Entstehen des Grundsatzes und dessen spätere Entwicklung geworfen. Zugleich gibt das Jubiläum aber auch Möglichkeit zur aktuellen Standortbestimmung. Noch immer liegt keine geschlossene Kodifikation des Steuerbilanzrechts vor, so dass in wesentlichen Bereichen für Ansatz und Bewertung Rückgriffe auf die handelsrechtlichen GoB notwendig sind. Ausgehend von der Bestimmung des Status quo dokumentiert der Beitrag die Entwicklung des Grundsatzes und richtet einen Blick in die Zukunft der steuerrechtlichen Gewinnermittlung.
Der lange Schatten des Unionsrechts auf dem Zivilverfahrensrecht
Authors: Wilke Felix M.
Published: October 2024

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Geltung der Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union für das Zivilverfahrensrecht. Die Bindung an die Charta im Bereich des eigenen Verfahrensrechts der EU dürfte als solche kaum kontrovers sein, kann jedoch beispielsweise zur Annahme ungeschriebener Schranken für die Zusammenarbeit in Zivil- und Handelssachen führen. Als deutlich weniger prominent erweist sich dagegen noch die Bindung im Bereich der beschränkten Verfahrensautonomie. Gerade sie könnte weitreichende Folgen zeitigen.
Die (Partei)Prozesshandlung in der ZPO
Authors: Nissen Moritz , Elzer Oliver
Published: October 2024

Jeder Gerichtsprozess zeichnet sich durch die unmittelbare Interaktion der Parteien untereinander und mit dem jeweiligen Gericht aus. Für den deutschen Zivilprozess lässt sich dieser Befund durch die zentrale Stellung der Parteien unter Geltung von Dispositions- und Beibringungsgrundsatz in besonderem Maße bekräftigen. Dementsprechend wichtig ist das Rechtsinstitut der Prozesshandlung, welches diese Interaktion beschreibt. Der Beitrag hat es zum Ziel, die wesentlichen Voraussetzungen einer wirksamen Vornahme und eines etwaigen Widerrufs bzw. einer Rücknahme von solchen Prozesshandlungen unter Einschluss der wichtigsten Fallkonstellationen herauszuarbeiten und den Wissensstand in Rechtsprechung und Literatur komprimiert darzustellen.
Identification of NADPH oxidase family members associated with cold stress in strawberry
Authors: Zhang Yunting , Li Yali , He Yuwei , Hu Wenjie , Zhang Yong , Wang Xiaorong , Tang Haoru
Published: February 2018

NADPH oxidase is encoded by a small gene family (Respiratory burst oxidase homologs, Rbohs) and plays an important role in regulating various biological processes. However, little information about this gene family is currently available for strawberry. In this study, a total of seven Rboh genes were identified from strawberry through genomewide analysis. Gene structure analysis showed the number of exons ranged from 10 to 23, implying that this variation occurred in FvRboh genes by the insertion and distribution of introns; the order and approximate size of exons were relatively conserved. FvRbohC was predicted to localize to the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, while other members were computed to localize to the plasma membrane, indicating different functions. Amino acid sequence alignment, conserved domain, and motif analysis showed that all identified FvRbohs had typical features of plant Rbohs. Phylogenetic analysis of Rbohs from strawberry, grape, Arabidopsis, and rice suggested that the FvRbohs could be divided into five subgroups and showed a closer relationship with those from grape and Arabidopsis than those from rice. The expression patterns of FvRboh genes in root, stem, leaf, flower, and fruit revealed robust tissue specificity. The expression levels of FvRbohA and FvRbohD were quickly induced by cold stress, followed by an increase in NADPH oxidase activity, leading to accumulation and triggering the antioxidant reaction by the transient increases in SOD activity. This suggested these two genes may be involved in cold stress and defense responses in strawberry.
Kinetics and inhibition studies of the L205R mutant of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase involved in Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Luzi Nicole M. , Lyons Charles E. , Peterson Darrell L. , Ellis Keith C.
Published: February 2018

Overproduction of cortisol by the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal hormone system results in the clinical disorder known as Cushing's syndrome. Genomics studies have identified a key mutation (L205R) in the α‐isoform of the catalytic subunit of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKACα) in adrenal adenomas of patients with adrenocorticotropic hormone‐independent Cushing's syndrome. Here, we conducted kinetics and inhibition studies on the L205R‐PKACα mutant. We have found that the L205R mutation affects the kinetics of both Kemptide and ATP as substrates, decreasing the catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) for each substrate by 12‐fold and 4.5‐fold, respectively. We have also determined the IC50 and Ki for the peptide substrate‐competitive inhibitor PKI(5–24) and the ATP‐competitive inhibitor H89. The L205R mutation had no effect on the potency of H89, but causes a > 250‐fold loss in potency for PKI(5–24). Collectively, these data provide insights for the development of L205R‐PKACα inhibitors as potential therapeutics.
Zinc‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Dearomative [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of 3‐Nitrobenzothiophenes and 3‐Nitrothieno[2,3‐b]yridine with 3‐Isothiocyanato Oxindoles
Authors: Yue Deng‐Feng , Zhao Jian‐Qiang , Chen Yong‐Zheng , Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Xu Xiao‐Ying , Yuan Wei‐Cheng
Published: February 2018

A highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective dearomative [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of 3‐nitrobenzothiophenes and 3‐nitrothieno[2,3‐b]with 3‐isothiocyanato oxindoles is developed. The reaction is catalyzed by the chiral Zn(OTf)2/bis(oxazoline, and is the second example of a catalytic asymmetric dearomative cycloaddition reaction of 3‐nitrobenzothiophene derivatives. A range of complex heterocyclic compounds containing three contiguous stereocenters, one of which is spirocyclic center, can be obtained in quantitative yields with excellent stereoselectivities.

magnified image
Silver‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Couplings of Acids and Anhydrides: An Entry to 1,2‐Diketones and Aryl‐Substituted Ethanes
Authors: Zou Hua‐Xu , Li Yang , Yang Yuan , Li Jin‐Heng , Xiang Jiannan
Published: February 2018

Silver‐catalyzed oxidative decarboxylative couplings of carboxylic acids and anhydrides to produce 1,2‐diketones and substituted ethanes were developed. This reaction allows the generation of acyl or alkyl radicals by decarboxylation of the corresponding α‐keto acids, alkyl acids and anhydrides, which are sequentially coupled to efficiently construct a new C−C bond. This reaction represents a carboxylic acid decarboxylative alternative that employs a radical termination strategy.

magnified image
Scholarship by the Clinician‐Educator in Emergency Medicine
Authors: Franzen Douglas , Cooney Robert , Chan Teresa , Brown Michael , Diercks Deborah B.
Published: February 2018

Emergency medicine (EM) continues to grow as an academic specialty. Like most specialties, a large number of academic emergency physicians are focused on education of our graduate student learners. For promotion, clinician‐educators (CEs) are required to produce scholarly work and disseminate knowledge. Although promotion requirements may vary by institution, scholarly work is a consistent requirement. Due to the clinical constraints of working in the emergency department, the unique interactions emergency physicians have with their learners, and early adoption of alternative teaching methods, EM CEs’ scholarly work may not be adequately described in a traditional curriculum vitae. Using a rubric of established domains around the academic work of CEs, this article describes some of the ways EM educators address these domains. The aim of the article is to provide a guide for academic department leadership, CEs, and promotion committees about the unique ways EM has addressed the work of the CE.
Effectiveness and safety of anticoagulants for the treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer
Authors: Streiff Michael B. , Milentijevic Dejan , McCrae Keith , Yannicelli Daniel , Fortier Jonathan , Nelson Winnie W. , Laliberté François , Crivera Concetta , Lefebvre Patrick , Schein Jeff , Khorana Alok A.
Published: February 2018

Anticoagulation is used to treat venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients, but may be associated with an increased risk of bleeding. VTE recurrence and major bleeding were assessed in cancer patients treated for VTE with the most currently prescribed anticoagulants in clinical practice. Newly diagnosed cancer patients (first VTE 1/1/2013‐05/31/2015) who initiated rivaroxaban, low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH), or warfarin were identified from Humana claims data and observed until end of eligibility or end of data availability. VTE recurrence was a hospitalization with a primary diagnosis of VTE ≥7 days after first VTE. Major bleeding events on treatment were identified using validated criteria. Cohorts were compared using Kaplan–Meier rates at 6 and 12 months and Cox proportional hazards models. Cohorts were adjusted for their differences at baseline. A total of 2428 patients (rivaroxaban: 707; LMWH: 660; warfarin: 1061) met inclusion criteria. Patient characteristics were well balanced after weighting. There was a trend for lower VTE recurrence rates in rivaroxaban users compared to LMWH users at 6 months (13.2% vs. 17.1%; P = .060) and significantly lower at 12 months (16.5% vs. 22.2%; P = .030) [HR: 0.72, 95% CI: (0.52‐0.95); P = .024]. VTE recurrence rates were also lower for rivaroxaban than warfarin users at 6 months (13.2% vs. 17.5%; P = .014) and 12 months (15.7% vs. 19.9%; P = .017) [HR: 0.74, 95% CI: (0.56‐0.96); P = .028]. Major bleeding rates were similar across cohorts. This real‐world analysis suggests cancer patients with VTE treated with rivaroxaban had significantly lower risk of recurrent VTE and similar risk of bleeding compared to those treated with LMWH or warfarin.
Supported Porous Nanomaterials as Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts for CO2 Fixation Reactions
Authors: Bhanja Piyali , Modak Arindam , Bhaumik Asim
Published: February 2018

CO2 is a major greenhouse gas responsible for global warming and can act as an abundant and inexpensive C1 source for enhancing the chain length/functionalization of a wide range of reactive organic molecules. It is moderately reactive, nontoxic and renewable. Thus, CO2 fixation reactions are important to meet the global challenges, that is, to mitigate the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere through its fruitful utilization, which is of great interest from economic and environmental perspectives. Various metallic nanoparticles as well as metal oxides can be supported over high surface area porous materials and the resulting nanomaterial can act as heterogeneous and reusable solid catalyst for CO2 fixation reactions for the synthesis of a large number of fuels, natural products agrochemicals, and pharmaceutical compounds. Here we present an overview of the recent progress as well as promising future of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles supported over porous nanomaterials as heterogeneous catalysts for a wide spectrum of these CO2 fixation reactions.
Duplicated FoxA genes in the leech Helobdella: Insights into the evolution of direct development in clitellate annelids
Authors: Kuo Dian‐Han , Hsiao Yu‐Hsiang
Published: February 2018

Background: As an adaptation to the land, the clitellate annelid had reorganized its embryogenesis to develop “directly” without the ancestral planktonic larval stage. To study the evolution of gut development in the directly developing clitellates, we characterized the expression pattern of the conserved gut gene, FoxA, in the embryonic development of the leech. Results: The leech has three FoxA paralogs. Hau‐FoxA1 is first expressed in a subset of endoderm cells and then in the foregut and the midgut. Hau‐FoxA2 is expressed in the stomodeum, which is secondarily derived from the anterior ectoderm in the clitellates rather than the tissue around the blastopore, the ancestral site of mouth formation in Phylum Annelida. Hau‐FoxA3 is expressed during the morphogenesis of segmental ganglia from the ectodermal teloblast lineages, a clitellate‐specific trait. Hau‐FoxA1 and Hau‐FoxA2 are also expressed during the morphogenesis of the leech‐specific front sucker. Conclusions: The expression patterns suggested that Hau‐FoxA1 carries out most of the conserved function in the endoderm and gut development, while the other two duplicates appear to have evolved unique novel functions in the directly developing clitellate embryos. Therefore, neofunctionalization and co‐option of FoxA might have made a significant contribution to the evolution of direct development in Clitellata. Developmental Dynamics 247:763–778, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of Oxidized Oils on Digestibility of Caseins in O/W Emulsions
Authors: Obando Mónica , Soto Erika , De Meulenaer Bruno
Published: February 2018

The impact of lipid oxidation on protein modifications in emulsions and the consequences on protein digestibility remains unclear. In this study, this impact is evaluated in casein (6 mg mL−1) based emulsions containing oxidized soybean or fish oil (3%) in presence (0.3%) or absence of the emulsifier Tween 20. Emulsions are prepared using oils at three oxidation levels and subsequently the impact on protein digestibility is evaluated after 24 h incubation at 4 °C. Remarkably, protein digestibility increass in emulsions containing medium and highly oxidized fish oil: 70 ± 0.4% and 73 ± 0.4% of the proteins are digested, respectively, whereas protein digestibility in emulsions containing low oxidized fish oil amounted to 63 ± 0.4%. Protein digestibility in emulsions containing soybean oil stabilized by Tween 20 is not influenced by the oxidation level of the oil used. A remarkable tendency is observed for the malondialdehyde content of the emulsions depending on the presence of Tween 20. For soybean oil based emulsions, malondialdehyde concentrations are consistently higher in the presence of Tween 20. On the other hand, for the fish oil based emulsions an opposite trend is observed, except at the highest oxidation level evaluated, for which no significant differences can be detected. It is concluded that the composition of the interface in emulsions depends strongly upon the degree of oil oxidation and the presence of other emulsifiers. If the oil is more oxidized, less protein is present in the interface restricting the impact of lipid oxidation products on the proteins and hence their digestibility.

Practical Applications: This research was done to highlight the relevance of the interfacial composition in food emulsions and its influence on dairy protein digestibility. The food industry must be aware of the oil quality and the presence of emulsifiers in foods emulsions that allow to preserve the stability and nutritional characteristics of these food emulsions.

This article aims to evaluate the impact of the reactions occurring between lipid oxidation products and proteins in emulsions on protein digestibility. This impact is evaluated in casein based emulsions containing oxidized soybean or fish oil (3%) in presence or absence of an emulsifier (0.3%). Emulsions are prepared using three oxidation levels and subsequently the impact on protein digestibility is evaluated after 24 h incubation at 4 °C. It is concluded that the composition of the interface in emulsions depends strongly upon the degree of oil oxidation and the presence of other emulsifiers.
The Influence of Pt Surface Area on the Photo‐Enhancement of the Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Odetola Christopher , Trevani Liliana N. , Easton E. Bradley
Published: February 2018

The methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) on both Pt/TiO2/C and Pt/C‐based electrodes can be photo‐enhanced by illuminating the electrodes with UV light. This fact has called into question the role of TiO2 in the photo‐enhancement of MOR when Pt is present. To examine this further, we have studied the change in the photo‐enhancement of methanol electro‐oxidation with Pt surface area. For each catalyst, there was greater MOR activity in the presence of UV‐irradiation. However, upon potential cycling, there was a faster decline in MOR activity in the presence of UV‐irradiation compared to the MOR activity in the dark. A linear relation between the decay in methanol oxidation current with the decay in Pt surface area for both catalysts was observed. This strongly suggests that irradiation enhances the methanol oxidation process on the Pt surface. When TiO2 is present, it has a synergetic electronic effect that further enhances the oxidation process on the Pt surface.
Determination of the speciation and bioavailability of samarium to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in the presence of natural organic matter
Authors: Rowell Justine-Anne , Fillion Marc-Alexandre , Smith Scott , Wilkinson Kevin J.
Published: February 2018

As technological interest and environmental emissions of the rare earth elements increase, it is becoming more important to assess their potential environmental impact. Samarium (Sm) is a lanthanide of intermediate molar mass that is used in numerous high-technology applications including wind turbines, solar panels, and electric vehicles. The present study relates the speciation of Sm determined in the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) to its bioavailability to the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The free ion concentration was determined using a cation exchange resin (ion exchange technique) in dynamic mode and compared with thermodynamic modeling. Short-term biouptake experiments were performed in the presence of 4 types of NOM: Suwannee River fulvic acids, Pahokee Peat fulvic acids, Suwannee River humic acids, and a Luther Marsh dissolved organic matter isolate (90–95% humic acids). It was clearly shown that even a small amount of NOM (0.5 mg C L−1) resulted in a significant decrease (10 times) in the Sm internalization fluxes. Furthermore, complexation with humic acids (and the corresponding reduction in Sm bioavailability) was stronger than that with fulvic acids. The results showed that the experimentally measured (free) Sm was a better predictor of Sm internalization than either the total concentrations or the free ion concentrations obtained using thermodynamic modeling. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1623–1631. © 2018 SETAC
The relationship between the CYP2D6 polymorphisms and tamoxifen efficacy in adjuvant endocrine therapy of breast cancer patients in Chinese Han population
Authors: Lan Bo , Ma Fei , Zhai Xiaoyu , Li Qiao , Chen Shanshan , Wang Jiayu , Fan Ying , Luo Yang , Cai Ruigang , Yuan Peng , Zhang Pin , Li Qing , Xu Binghe
Published: February 2018

Variants of the CYP2D6 gene may lead to a poor prognosis of tamoxifen (TAM)‐treated patients. Our study validated the association between the CYP2D6 genotype and outcomes of patients receiving TAM in adjuvant endocrine therapy. A total of 778 breast cancer patients who received adjuvant TAM (n = 325) or aromatase inhibitors (AIs) (n = 453) at the National Cancer Center were analyzed. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CYP2D6 gene were selected from online databases. The associations of each SNP genotype with disease‐free survival (DFS) and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. A total of 167 (21.5%) patients carried the CYP2D6*10 (c.100C>T) T/T genotype. Among the 325 patients who received TAM, the 5‐year DFS rate was considerably lower in CYP2D6*10 T/T genotype patients than C/C or C/T patients (54.9% vs. 70.9%, p = 0.007). The T/T genotype for CYP2D6*10 was a significant prognostic marker for DFS in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio = 1.87; p = 0.006). The CYP2D6*10 genotype in women who received AIs was not significantly associated with DFS (p = 0.332). Other SNPs were not related to the survival of patients who received TAM. Our finding showed patients with CYP2D6*10 T/T received less benefit from TAM adjuvant treatment. This conclusion may optimize the individualized treatments for this subgroup of patients.
Medications that relax the lower oesophageal sphincter and risk of oesophageal cancer: An analysis of two independent population‐based databases
Authors: Spence Andrew D. , Busby John , Murchie Peter , Kunzmann Andrew T. , McMenamin Úna C. , Coleman Helen G. , Johnston Brian T. , O'Rorke Michael A. , Murray Liam J. , Iversen Lisa , Lee Amanda J. , Cardwell Chris R.
Published: February 2018

Excessive lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation increases gastro‐oesophageal acid reflux, an oesophageal adenocarcinoma risk factor. Medications that relax this sphincter (benzodiazepines, calcium channel blockers, nitrates, β2 agonists and xanthines) could promote cancer. These medications were investigated in two independent datasets. In the Scottish Primary Care Clinical Informatics Unit (PCCIU) database, a nested case–control study of oesophageal cancer was performed using GP prescription records. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for medication use and oesophageal cancer. In UK Biobank, a cohort study was conducted using self‐reported medication use. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for medication use and oesophageal cancer, and by tumour subtype. Overall, 1,979 oesophageal cancer patients were matched to 9,543 controls in PCCIU, and 355 of 475,768 participants developed oesophageal cancer in UK Biobank. None of the medications investigated were significantly associated with oesophageal cancer risk apart from β2 agonists, which were associated with increased oesophageal cancer risk in PCCIU (adjusted OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.12, 1.70) but not in UK Biobank (adjusted HR 1.21, 95% CI 0.70, 2.08). Medications that relax the lower oesophageal sphincter were not associated with oesophageal cancer, apart from β2 agonists. This increased cancer risk in β2 agonist users merits further investigation.
Superior bone‐inducing potential of rhBMP9 compared to rhBMP2
Authors: Fujioka‐Kobayashi Masako , Abd El Raouf Mustafa , Saulacic Nikola , Kobayashi Eizaburo , Zhang Yufeng , Schaller Benoit , Miron Richard J.
Published: February 2018

Recombinant human bone morphogenic protein (rhBMP) 9 has recently been reported to have more osteopromotive potential in vitro when compared to rhBMP2. The aim of the present study was to investigate the bone‐inducing potential of rhBMP2 and rhBMP9. We compared rhBMP2, rhBMP7, and rhBMP9 at five different concentrations and showed convincingly that rhBMP9 possesses much greater potential for osteoblast differentiation even at 20 times lower concentrations in vitro. We further show that Noggin, an inhibitor for rhBMP2‐induced osteogenesis, did not alter rhBMP9‐induced osteogenesis. Thereafter, we show for the first time that rhBMP9 loaded onto atelo‐collagen membranes is osteoinductive and has greater potential to form ectopic bone formation when compared to rhBMP2 even at four times lower doses. Similarly new bone formation of rhBMP2 and 9 when loaded on deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) was investigated in a rabbit calvarial defect. At 8 weeks, both rhBMP2 and rhBMP9 induced significantly higher new bone formation when compared to DBBM alone samples. Interestingly, once again four times lower dose of rhBMP9 group induced comparable or even greater levels of new bone height and new bone area when compared to the rhBMP2 group. The present study revealed that (1) rhBMP9 is capable of inducing ectopic new bone formation in vivo and (2) up to four times lower doses of rhBMP9 may be utilized to regenerate same‐size bone defects when compared to rhBMP2. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1561–1574, 2018.
Opposite impact of Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase A1298C gene polymorphisms on systemic inflammation
Authors: Khalighi Koroush , Cheng Gang , Mirabbasi Seyedabbas , Khalighi Bahar , Wu Yin , Fan Wuqiang
Published: February 2018

Background

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms have been found to be related with many diseases. Systemic inflammation is now considered as a major predisposition factor for diseases including diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary arterial disease (CAD), stroke, and cancer. This study aimed to investigate whether systemic inflammation is a possible underlying pathogenesis for MTHFR gene polymorphism‐related disease.

Methods

A total of 292 patients were enrolled, and single nucleotide polymorphisms for MTHFR C667T and A1298C were genotyped. Systemic inflammation markers, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were collected.

Results

In our study population, MTHFR 677 variants had significant higher NLR level than MTHFR 677 wild type (3.77 ± 0.26 vs 3.06 ± 0.18, P = .028). Logistic regression analysis showed that MTHFR 677 variants were significantly associated with increased NLR level. MTHFR 1298 variants showed the opposite effects which tended to have lower level of NLR (3.21 ± 0.16 vs 3.79 ± 0.34, P = .087) and PLR (137.0 ± 4.8 vs 157.7 ± 9.4, P = .052) than MTHFR 1298 wild type. General linear model showed that there was no statistically significant interaction between MTHFR C667T and A1298C gene polymorphism on NLR or PLR.

Conclusions

This study indicates that MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphisms have opposite effect on systemic inflammation, and systemic inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis for diseases associated with MTHFR C667T gene polymorphism.
Maternal thyroid‐stimulating hormone reference ranges for first trimester screening from 11 to 14 weeks of gestation
Authors: Šálek Tomáš , Dhaifalah Ishraq , Langova Dagmar , Havalová Jana
Published: February 2018

Background

To establish maternal thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) reference ranges for first trimester screening from 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation.

Methods

A total of 10 592 singleton and 201 twin consecutive Caucasian pregnant women who underwent simultaneously prenatal first trimester Down's syndrome screening and thyroid function screening from January 2010 to November 2017 were included in the study. Women with positive antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and positive personal history of thyroid disease were previously excluded. TSH was measured by immunochemiluminescent assay on ci 16200 Abbott Architect analyzer. Nonparametric percentile method (also known as CLSI C28.A3) was used for the determination of reference ranges.

Results

We established reference ranges of TSH for the period of gestation from 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of pregnancy as 0.16‐3.43 mU/L for singleton Caucasian pregnancies and 0.02‐2.95 mU/L for twin Caucasian pregnancies. The median (IQR) of TSH for singleton pregnancies was higher than that for twin pregnancies (1.25 mU/L (0.83‐1.81) vs 0.84 (0.37‐1.47), respectively; P < .0001).

Conclusions

Each first trimester screening center should be aware of which type of immunoassay their laboratory uses. TSH reference ranges in women during the first trimester of pregnancy are lower than those for general population. Twin pregnancies have lower TSH than singleton pregnancies.
Crystal structure of peptidoglycan recognition protein SA in Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Liu Yanjie , Zhao Xiaomeng , Naeem Muhammad , An Jiandong
Published: February 2018

Peptidoglycan recognition protein SA (PGRP‐SA) is a key pattern recognition receptor in the insect innate immune system. PGRP‐SA can bind to bacterial PGN and activate the Toll pathway, which triggers the expression and release of antimicrobial peptides to prevent bacterial infection. Here, we report the first structure of Apis mellifera PGRP‐SA from Hymenoptera at 1.86 Å resolution. The overall architecture of Am‐PGRP‐SA was similar to the Drosophila PGRP‐SA; however, the residues involved in PGN binding groove were not conserved, and the binding pocket was narrower. This structure gives insight into PGN binding characteristics in honeybees.
Detection of the iron complexes with hydrolysis products of cephalexin and cefradine upon high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Dudkowska Joanna , Frańska Magdalena , Frański Rafał
Published: February 2018

Rationale

Cephalosporins (e.g. cephalexin, cefradine) are a major group of widely used β‐lactam antibiotics. Hydrolysis of the β‐lactam ring is an important reaction (often undesired) which leads to deactivation of β‐lactams. To the best of our knowledge there is no electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) data reported concerning the products of hydrolysis of cephalosporins.

Methods

The hydrolysis of cephalexin and cefradine was performed in aqueous NaOH solutions. After the process the solutions were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/ESI‐MS. The elemental compositions of the ions discussed were confirmed by the accurate mass measurements on a quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer.

Results

Unexpectedly, complexes between the hydrolysis products of cephalexin and cefradine (CFLh and CFRh) and iron cation were detected upon HPLC/ESI‐MS analysis, namely the ions [(CFLh‐H)2+Fe]+ and [(CFRh‐H)2+Fe]+, although iron was not added to the analyzed solutions or to the mobile phase. These ions were found to be very stable in the gas phase.

Conclusions

The detection of the complexes between the hydrolysis products of cephalosporins and iron may have a positive impact on the sensitivity and specificity of HPLC/ESI‐MS analyses of the hydrolysis products of some cephalosporins.
Potassium bromate disrupts mitochondrial distribution within murine oocytes during in vitro maturation
Authors: Yamada Kenichi , Hiradate Yuuki , Goto Mei , Nishiyama Chiho , Hara Kenshiro , Yoshida Hiroaki , Tanemura Kentaro
Published: February 2018

Purpose

As disturbed mitochondrial distribution is thought to be a cause of the aging of oocytes, it was investigated whether oxidizing agents exert harmful effects on nuclear maturation and mitochondrial cluster formation in murine oocytes and whether antioxidants could rescue such harmful effects in vitro.

Methods

Oocytes were obtained from female Institute of Cancer Research mice 48 h after an intraperitoneal injection of 7.5 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin. The oocytes were cultured with potassium bromate, an oxidizing agent, in the presence or absence of the antioxidant, resveratrol. After 12 h, the nuclear phases and mitochondrial distribution were observed.

Results

Significantly decreased rates of metaphase II (MII) oocytes were observed with 750 μM and 1000 μM of potassium bromate, while a significant increase in abnormal mitochondrial clusters was induced at 500 μM, 750 μM, and 1,000 μM. The addition of 10 μM or 20 μM resveratrol improved both MII maturity and the cluster formation rates in the presence of potassium bromate.

Conclusions

The addition of potassium bromate reduced MII maturity rates and induced abnormal mitochondrial cluster formation. This effect was alleviated by the antioxidant, resveratrol. The in vitro model used herein is useful for investigating the functions of antioxidants in the aging of oocytes.
The TLR4-PAR1 Axis Regulates Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Survival and Therapeutic Capacity in Experimental Bacterial Pneumonia
Authors: Gupta Naveen , Sinha Ranjeet , Krasnodembskaya Anna , Xu Xiao , Nizet Victor , Matthay Michael A. , Griffin John H.
Published: February 2018

Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells have been shown to have significant therapeutic effects in experimental models of pneumonia and lung injury. The current study examined the roles of the toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) pathways on mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) survival and therapeutic activity in a murine model of pneumonia. MSCs from TLR4 -/- and R41Q-PAR1 mutated mice were isolated to test the effect of mutating these specific pathways on MSC survival when exposed to cytotoxic stimuli in vitro. An Escherichia coli pneumonia model was used to assess the effect of these specific pathways on MSC therapeutic activity in vivo. Our results showed that mutation of either the TLR4 or PAR1 pathways in MSCs impaired cell survival under conditions of inflammatory stress in vitro, and eliminated their therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Also, stimulation of the TLR4 pathway on MSCs led to secretion of low levels of prothrombin by MSCs, while disrupting the TLR4 pathway impaired canonical signaling through PAR1 in response to thrombin. Therefore, this study demonstrates that both TLR4 and PAR1 are required for MSC survival under inflammatory conditions in vitro and therapeutic capacity in vivo, and that the TLR4 pathway regulates signaling through PAR1 on MSCs.
Chromium Bis(anthracene‐η6) Complexes – A DFT Study
Authors: Türker Lemi
Published: February 2018

Chromium bisanthracene‐η6 complexes are considered within the framework of density functional theory using LANL2DZ and 6‐31+G(d) basis sets and B3LYP functional. The complexation with both the same types of rings of anthracene decks (AA‐ and BB‐type complexes) and with different rings (AB‐type complex) are considered. The optimized geometries and the associated quantum chemical properties are comparatively discussed for the both types of basis sets used. LANL2DZ basis set yielded some unreasonable results. B3LYP/6‐31+G(d) level of calculations yielded the stability order as AA > BB > AB. IR spectra of AA and BB‐type complexes resemble each other. The C–H frequencies are almost the same for both of the anthracene decks, whereas they differ in the case of AB‐type complex. UV/Vis spectra of the complexes all absorb above 500 nm. AA and AB‐type complexes in contrast to BB‐type display rather complex pattern. The NICS(0) values of various rings in the complexes considered are obtained and discussed.
Identifying and Addressing Genetic Counseling Challenges among Indigenous People of Oaxaca—One Center's Experience with Two Immigrant Farmworker Families in the Central Valley of California
Authors: Shen Joseph J. , Carmichael Jason , Vásquez Santos Leoncio
Published: February 2018

An important aspect of genetic counseling is the recognition of and adaptation to the socio‐cultural uniqueness of the different populations that a genetics clinic serves. The Central Valley of California is home to a large population from Mexico, with a significant proportion of indigenous ancestry originating from the state of Oaxaca. We report on our experience with two families of this community—one extended family with an early lethal inborn error of metabolism and the other with a chronic disfiguring form of ichthyosis. We identified multiple important factors that needed to be considered, including the matching of language dialects, adaptation to different social interaction conventions, acknowledgement of traditional medicine beliefs, and effective transmission of genetic terms and concepts, all of which should be incorporated into the interactions with these families when aiming to provide comprehensive genetic counseling.