bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Economy Urbanization and Urban Economy Globalization
Authors: Ushakov Denis , Chich-Jen Shieh
Published: January 2015

World economy globalization fundamentally changes the role of urban business systems. Now, they are the main actors of global production and trade. A dominant share of international business activity is now concentrated within a frame of global urban net. This trend transforms mechanisms and patterns of market economy institutes' functioning and stimulates the appearance of new economical, social, and political problems. This chapter includes statistical and comparative analysis of modern cities, their economical performance, and position in global economic affairs, and also an original methodology for urban business structure evaluation. It allows setting some theoretical findings about internal and external sources of urban business system competitiveness and effectiveness in a globalizing economy and the formation of an original approach to modern cities' global hierarchy evaluation.
Functional Effectiveness and Modern Mechanisms for National Urban Systems Globalization
Authors: Arkhipov Alexey , Ushakov Denis
Published: January 2015

Cities' transformation into active actors of international economic relations and their participation in international competition form a complex of relevant problems about efficiency of relationships between business and government, global competitive advantages of urban economies, quality of municipal governance, and development and international integration of the urban system of the modern countries (including Russia). This chapter examines a development of the modern features of the urban system in Russia, analyzes its macroeconomic indicators, actual problems, and evaluates various scenarios for the development of both individual urban economies and the entire urban system of Russia.
Shrinkage of Rural Areas as a Result of Urbanization and Migration Processes in Mexico
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: January 2015

The study of tendencies in economic and environmental shrinkage is tied to the expressions of substantive changes in complexity of determinant contexts of internal and migration flows. This chapter answers the challenges posed by economic tendencies, using the theories and models and does not fall victim to simplistic projections and conjectures and theories based more in speculation than in fact. The method used is the critical analysis of economic, social, and political tendencies in relation to the situation of shrinking cities in Mexico. The results of this analysis led to the finding that the shrinkage process in Mexico, as a developing economy, does not follow the same patterns of well-developed countries, and an increase in shrinking cities has occurred since the middle of the 1950s and the use of incentives in some localities to attract economic growth have had modest success in turning around the shrinking process.
Photocatalytic Purification of Air
Authors: Tomašić Vesna , Valkaj Karolina Maduna , Le Cunff Jerome
Published: January 2015

The application of photocatalytic processes in environmental protection has a short history and is still in its beginnings. This issue, however, provokes continuous interest of the scientific and professional world. This chapter gives the overview of scientific and expert literature related to the application of heterogeneous photocatalysis in tackling the issues related to air protection. The focus is on purification of the indoor air, which comes to abatement of various volatile organic compounds. Basic principles of photocatalytic degradation of gaseous contaminants are presented, mostly on the TiO2 photocatalyst, as well as a detailed account of the effect of various process variables on the rate of the photocatalytic reaction. The problem of TiO2 deactivation is pointed out and deactivation mechanisms are described on the selected reaction system. The chapter aims to review technical aspects of heterogeneous catalysis applied in air protection and special attention is paid to different designs of photoreactors.
Basin-Scale, Real-Time Salinity Management Using Telemetered Sensor Networks and Model-Based Salt Assimilative Capacity Forecasts
Authors: Quinn Nigel W.T. , Tassey Roberta , Wang Jun
Published: January 2015

This chapter describes a new approach to environmental decision support for salinity management in the San Joaquin Basin that focuses on Web-based data sharing using tools such as YSI Econet and continuous data quality management using an enterprise-level software tool WISKI. These tools offer real-time Web-access to sensor data as well as providing the owner full control over the way the data is visualized. The same websites use GIS to superimpose the monitoring site locations on maps of local hydrography and allow point and click access to the data collected at each environmental monitoring site. This information technology suite of software and hardware work together with a watershed simulation model WARMF-SJR to provide timely, reliable, and high quality data and forecasts of river salinity that can used by stakeholder decision makers to ensure compliance with state water quality objectives.
Effects of Soil Contamination on the Selection of Remediation Method
Authors: Kisić Ivica
Published: January 2015

Soil is a thin (up to 50cm) loose top layer of the Earth's surface, located between the lithosphere and atmosphere. Total available land area on Earth is limited, and the soil is extremely important, and in one generation it is a non-renewable natural resource. Unfortunately, nowadays the soil is, next to water, one of the most endangered natural resources. Among the many processes of soil damage, which is not being addressed at this point, is the growing importance placed on soil contamination. Contaminated soil is the soil in which human or natural activity has increased the content of harmful substances whose concentrations may be harmful to human activity, that is, for the production of plants or animals.
Alternative, Environmentally Acceptable Materials in Road Construction
Authors: Dimter Sanja , Rukavina Tatjana , Barišić Ivana
Published: January 2015

Environmental conservation and energy savings, as the fundamental assumptions for sustainable development, and financial savings are possible through the use of new, non-standard materials and technologies in the building and maintenance of roads. Different types of waste materials and industrial by-products may be used in road construction as an alternative to standard materials. In order to be applicable, alternative materials must meet certain engineering characteristics, show an acceptable level of execution, and be economical in comparison with traditional materials. The reasons for the use of alternative materials are many and largely outweigh the possible shortcomings. The use of alternative materials is significant from both the ecological and economic perspectives. Ecologically, the use of alternative materials means a lesser need for the exploitation of natural resources and the quantity of waste accumulated in landfills is reduced. Economically, the use of alternative materials reduces total construction costs. This chapter explores the use of alternative materials.
Drilling Waste Control
Authors: Wojtanowicz Andrew K.
Published: January 2015

The chapter describes drilling waste control by integrating Environmental Control Technology (ECT) with the drilling process. In contrast to remediating “end-of-the-pipe” methods, drilling ECT prevents environmental impact by modifying the process of drilling waste generation. The waste production process in drilling operations with emphasis given to mechanisms of waste volume buildup and the waste toxicity sources is analyzed. In addition, the source-reduction and source-separation techniques built-in the drilling process such as low-toxicity substitution of drilling mud components and high efficiency separators and closed-loop solids control mud system are addressed. The technique of drilling mud dewatering is discussed in detail by describing its principles, installations, and field application case histories. Quantitative analysis of dewatering efficiency using mud-testing results is also presented. The chapter also presents a method for assessing economic and technical feasibility of a dewatering service contracted for the well site.
The Underground Injection of Drilling Waste
Authors: Gaurina-Medjimurec Nediljka
Published: January 2015

The major oilfield processes that can influence the environment are drilling and production. Different materials are used in both processes, and waste is generated. Some of this waste can have significantly harmful effects on the environment; thus, it is necessary to responsibly manage created waste. In virtually all cases, harmful effects can be minimized or eliminated through the implementation of proper waste management. The selection of the method to manage Exploration and Production (E&P) waste depends on laws and regulations, the ecosystem of the location where the operations take place, and the cost-effectiveness of the selected procedures. The most widely used method for the disposal of most petroleum industry waste is underground injection, which enables the permanent disposal of waste slurry by injecting it into a suitable subsurface disposal zone. Performing underground waste injection in a safe, cost-effective manner requires experience, skill, and resources.
Modeling and Simulation of Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Buxton Gavin
Published: January 2015

Polymer solar cells are attracting attention as inexpensive versatile devices for generating electricity from sunlight. However, relatively low efficiencies are currently hindering their widespread application. The typically low efficiencies arise because of the complex physics within these devices. In particular, photons must first be absorbed to create a mobile excited state, or exciton. Then this exciton must dissociate into free charge at the interface between an acceptor and a donor polymer, and finally, the free charge must traverse the polymer solar cell to the correct electrodes. Mathematical and computer models play an important role in understanding the physics of these devices and ultimately allow us to tailor the internal structure and material properties to optimize device performance. A brief review of polymer solar cells is presented, with particular emphasis on their nanoscale architecture, before the chapter turns its attention to the simulations and models that can predict their behavior.
Superior thyroid artery pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula following attempted internal jugular venous access and its management
Authors: Khera Pushpinder Singh , Moses Vinu , Ahmed Munawwar , Kakde Shailesh
Published: January 2015

Vascular injury during common jugular venous (IJV) access is a rare complication, usually involving injury to the common carotid artery. We describe a previously unreported complication of iatrogenic injury of IJV access involving a branch of the superior thyroid artery, and its endovascular management.
Endovascular management of spontaneous vertebrovertebral arteriovenous fistula associated with neurofibromatosis 1
Authors: Narayana Randhi Venkata , Pati Rajesh , Dalai Sibasankar
Published: January 2015

Extra cranial vertebrovertebral arteriovenous fistulas (VV AVF) are commonly associated with trauma. Their presentation may vary from palpable thrill and myelopathy or myeloradiculopathy. Sudden onset paraparesis is rare.
Balloon dilatation of a benign biliary stricture through a T-tube tract
Authors: Gupta Pankaj , Kalra Naveen , Kumar Ajay , Kochhar Rakesh , Gupta Vikas , Khandelwal Niranjan
Published: January 2015

Percutaneous cholangioplasty is a commonly performed procedure for both benign and malignant diseases. The most common route for accessing the biliary tree is transhepatic, following ultrasound or fluoroscopic-guided percutaneous puncture. There are situations when alternative routes can be utilized to access the common bile duct (CBD). We accessed the CBD via T-tube placed surgically in a 57-year-old man who had obstructive jaundice of obscure etiology which was likely inflammatory.
Bouveret syndrome: Primary demonstration of cholecystoduodenal fistula on MR and MRCP study
Authors: Negi Rajkumar Singh , Chandra Mukesh , Kapur Rajiv
Published: January 2015

Bouveret syndrome is an unusual complication of cholelithiasis which results in upper gastrointestinal obstruction due to a gallstone impacted in the duodenum through a bilio-enteric fistula. We present this rare entity which was primarily diagnosed on magnetic resonance (MR) and MR cholangiopancreaticography (MRCP) study.
Acute hemorrhagic encephalitis: An unusual presentation of dengue viral infection
Authors: Nadarajah Jeyaseelan , Madhusudhan Kumble Seetharama , Yadav Ajay Kumar , Gupta Arun Kumar , Vikram Naval Kishore
Published: January 2015

Dengue is a common viral infection worldwide with presentation varying from clinically silent infection to dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and severe fulminant dengue shock syndrome. Neurological manifestation usually results from multisystem dysfunction secondary to vascular leak. Presentation as hemorrhagic encephalitis is very rare. Here we present the case of a 13-year-old female admitted with generalized tonic clonic seizures. Plain computed tomography (CT) scan of head revealed hypodensities in bilateral deep gray matter nuclei and right posterior parietal lobe without any hemorrhage. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serology were positive for IgM and IgG antibodies to dengue viral antigen. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multifocal T2 and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensities in bilateral cerebral parenchyma including basal ganglia. No hemorrhage was seen. She was managed with steroids. As her clinical condition deteriorated, after being stable for 2 days, repeat MRI was done which revealed development of hemorrhage within the lesions, and diagnosis of acute hemorrhagic encephalitis of dengue viral etiology was made.
PVNS or pseudo aneurysm: MRI-problem solving or misleading?
Authors: Sannananja Bhagya , Shah Hardik Uresh , Laxman Varun , Nagesh Chinmay
Published: January 2015

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a benign neoplastic process affecting the synovium.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered as the imaging modality of choice, where PVNS is seen as a soft tissue lesion affecting the synovium with characteristic hypointense signal on T2-weighted images (T2WI) and typically blooming on gradient echo (GRE) sequences. MRI can sometimes be misleading, with many non-neoplastic pathologies having a tendency of recurrent bleeding closely mimicking PVNS. We report a case  of pseudoaneurysm from posterior circumflex humeral artery, a branch of axillary artery, secondary to recurrent shoulder dislocation mimicking PVNS on MRI.
Totally thrombosed giant anterior communicating artery aneurysm
Authors: Roopesh Kumar V. R. , Madhugiri Venkatesh S. , Sasidharan Gopalakrishnan M. , Gundamaneni Sudheer Kumar , Yadav Awdhesh Kumar , Verma Surendra Kumar
Published: January 2015

Giant anterior communicating artery aneurysmsarerare. Apatient presented with visual dysfunction, gait ataxia and urinary incontinence. MRI showed a giant suprasellar mass.At surgery, the lesion was identified as being an aneurysm arising from the anterior communicating artery.The difficulty in preoperative diagnosis and relevant literature are reviewed.
Posture-dependent aphasia: Focal cortical dysfunction in the sinking scalp flap syndrome
Authors: Krishnan Prasad , Chowdhury Siddhartha Roy
Published: January 2015

Decompressive craniotomies are being increasingly used in the treatment of raised intracranial pressure due to a variety of reasons like large infarcts, hypertensive hemorrhages and contusions. Though effective in decreasing raised intracranial pressure, they have certain complications like the sinking scalp flap syndrome that is caused by cortical dysfunction of the area below the craniotomy which is exposed to the effects of atmospheric pressure. We describe a 60-year-old patient who underwent decompressive craniotomy for acute subdural hematoma and after an initial uneventful postoperative period developed incontinence, irrelevant verbalization and ataxia. He was found to have hydrocephalus and underwent a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt with resolution of his symptoms. Three weeks later his flap had sunk in deeply and the skin was non-pinchable and he was noted to have headaches, vomiting and retching when he sat up. In addition he became aphasic when seated and the symptoms subsided on lying down. A diagnosis of focal cortical dysfunction due to sinking scalp flap syndrome was made. We highlight the incidence and pathophysiology of this unusual complication of decompressive craniotomy and stress the need to be aware of this entity particularly in patients who do not show an initial improvement after decompressive craniotomy as the cause of their poor neurological status may not be explained by any other mechanism.
Headache secondary to sleep-related bruxism: A case with polysomnographic findings
Authors: Das Sourav , Gupta Ravi , Dhyani Mohan , Goel Deepak
Published: January 2015

Sleep-related bruxism may present with headache. However, in clinical practice it may be difficult to differentiate from other causes of headache, especially in subjects with substance abuse. We are presenting a case of sleep-related bruxism that presented with headache and sleep-related symptoms in the presence of substance abuse. Polysomnography was used to ascertain cause of headache. How the other possible causes of headache ruled out is also discussed in report. In short, Sleep-related bruxism can cause headache that is worse in the morning. It is associated with poor quality sleep.
Hansen’s disease and HIV coinfection with facial nerve palsy
Authors: Yadav Nidhi , Kar Sumit , Madke Bhushan , Gangane Nitin
Published: January 2015

There are very few published reports of HIV leprosy co infection in India in spite of having a large burden of both leprosy and HIV. Herein we are reporting a case of co-infection of Hansen’s disease and HIV with facial nerve palsy.
The Weak b-principle: Mumford Conjecture
Authors: Sadykov Rustam
Published: January 2015

In this note we introduce and study a new class of maps called oriented colored broken submersions. This is the simplest class of maps that satisfies a version of the b–principle and in dimension 2 approximates the class of oriented submersions well in the sense that every oriented colored broken submersion of dimension 2 to a closed simply connected manifold is bordant to a submersion. We show that the Madsen–Weiss theorem (the standard Mumford Conjecture) fits a general setting of the b–principle, namely, a version of the b–principle for oriented colored broken submersions together with the Harer stability theorem and Miller–Morita theorem implies the Madsen–Weiss theorem.
Spectral Properties of a Family of Minimal Tori of Revolution in the Five-dimensional Sphere
Authors: Karpukhin Mikhail
Published: January 2015

The normalized eigenvalues Ʌi(M, g) of the Laplace–Beltrami operator can be considered as functionals on the space of all Riemannian metrics g on a fixed surface M. In recent papers several explicit examples of extremal metrics were provided. These metrics are induced by minimal immersions of surfaces in 𝕊3 or 𝕊4. In this paper a family of extremal metrics induced by minimal immersions in 𝕊5 is investigated.
Minimal Non Self Dual Groups
Authors: Li Lili , Chen Guiyun
Published: January 2015

A group G is self dual if every subgroup of G is isomorphic to a quotient of G and every quotient of G is isomorphic to a subgroup of G. It is minimal non self dual if every proper subgroup of G is self dual but G is not self dual. In this paper, the structure of minimal non self dual groups is determined.
Coloring Four-uniform Hypergraphs on Nine Vertices
Authors: Kazimierz Lewkowicz Marek
Published: January 2015

Every 4-uniform hypergraph on 9 vertices with at most 25 edges has property B. This gives the answer m9(4) = 26 to a question raised by Erdős in 1968.
Условия существования почти периодических решений нелинейных разностных уравнений в банаховом пространстве
Authors: Slyusarchuk Vasilii Efimovich
Published: January 2015

Получены условия существования почти периодических решений
нелинейных почти периодических разностных уравнений
с непрерывным аргументом в банаховом пространстве,
не использующие ${\mathscr H}$-классы этих уравнений.
Библиография: 16 названий.
О точках модулярной гиперболы под графиком линейной функции
Authors: Ustinov Alexey Vladimirovich
Published: January 2015

Для числа решений сравнения $xy\equiv 1 (\operatorname{mod} p)$ под
графиком линейной функции доказывается асимптотическая
формула с корневым понижением в остаточном члене.
Библиография: 9 названий.
Новая нижняя оценка хроматического числа рационального пространства с одним и двумя запрещенными расстояниями
Authors: Ponomarenko Ekaterina Igorevna , Raigorodskii Andrei Mikhailovich
Published: January 2015

В работе получена новая нижняя оценка
хроматического числа $\chi({\mathbb Q}^n)$
пространства ${\mathbb Q}^n$.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Один пример в теории бисекториальных операторов
Authors: Pechkurov Andrej Viktorovich
Published: January 2015

Неограниченный оператор называют бисекториальным, если его спектр
содержится в двух секторах, лежащих соответственно в левой и
правой полуплоскостях, а резольвента убывает на бесконечности
как $1/\lambda$. Известно, что при любой ограниченной функции $f$
уравнение $u'-Au=f$ с бисекториальным оператором $A$ имеет
единственное ограниченное решение $u$, представляющее собой
свертку $f$ с функцией Грина.
Приводится пример бисекториального оператора,
порождающего неограниченную в нуле функцию Грина.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Задача Дирихле для уравнений с частными производными высоких порядков
Authors: Sabitov Kamil Basirovich
Published: January 2015

Для дифференциальных уравнений в частных производных
высших порядков от двух и трех переменных изучается задача Дирихле
в прямоугольных областях. При построении решения задачи
методом спектральных разложений возникают малые знаменатели,
затрудняющие сходимость рядов. Установлен критерий
единственности решения. В двумерном случае найдены оценки,
позволяющие обосновать существование решения задачи Дирихле.
В трехмерном случае, когда область является кубом, показано,
что единственность решения задачи Дирихле равносильна
великой проблеме Ферма.
Библиография: 21 название.
Аналог теоремы Винера для бесконечномерных банаховых пространств
Authors: Zagorodnjuk Andrej Vasiljevich , Mitrofanov Mikhail Arkadjevich
Published: January 2015

В работе исследованы различные обобщения
классической алгебры Винера на банаховом пространстве и
доказаны аналоги теоремы Винера об обратимости элементов
таких алгебр.
Библиография: 16 названий.
Lipids, pots and food processing at Hočevarica, Ljubljansko barje, Slovenia
Authors: Ogrinc Nives , Budja Mihael , Potočnik Doris , Žibrat Gašparič Andreja , Mlekuž Dimitrij
Published: January 2015

The paper presents the results of lipid analyses of pottery samples from Ho≠evarica (Ljub- ljansko barje, Slovenia). Total lipid extracts were subjected to high temperature gas chromatography (HT-GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). The results show that some vessels were used for prepar- ing ruminant meat and vegetable, but also the remains of aquatic food were identified. The processing of non-ruminant meat was detected in a few samples. A high number of pottery samples yielded the presence of beeswax lipids. The charred residual on pottery was AMS 14C dated.
Ceramic petrography, mineralogy and typology of Eneolithic pottery from Krašnja, Slovenia
Authors: Žibrat Gašparič Andreja , Horvat Milena , Mirtič Breda
Published: January 2015

In this article, we present newly excavated Eneolithic pottery from the site at Krašnja near Lukovica in central Slovenia. The material was AMS 14C dated and is contemporaneous with archaeological sites from the Ljubljansko barje region in Slovenia. The vessels were reconstructed and then various types of pots, dishes, cups, and beakers were analysed using petrography and the X-ray diffraction method. Additionally, the clay remains of walls and the floor of an Eneolithic kiln excavated at the site were also analysed. The results show that Eneolithic potters used different fab- rics to make vessels, and mostly one recipe with added calcite. The raw source material probably came from a nearby valley to the south of the site at Krašnja.
A hoard of astragals discovered in the Copper Age settlement at Iepureşti, Giurgiu County, Romania
Authors: Kogălniceanu Raluca , Ile Ana , Mărgărit Monica , Simalcsik Angela , Dumitraşcu Valentin
Published: January 2015

This article presents the discovery of 25 abraded and perforated ovicaprid astragals in a burned house at the Gumelnita Copper Age settlement at Iepuresti in Southern Romania. They were analysed in terms of their processing, of the taphonomic processes that affected them (burning), and of their spatial distribution. These astragals were also analysed in the wider context of more or less similar discoveries made mainly south and east of the Carpathian Mountains, in Romania, but also south of the Danube, in Bulgaria.
A new look at the introduction of the Neolithic way of life in Southeastern Europe. Changing paradigms of the expansion of the Neolithic way of life
Authors: Özdoğan Mehmet
Published: January 2015

Questioning when, how and even why the Neolithic way of life appeared in Europe has been one of the most debated problems of European prehistory, leading to the formulation of various explanatory models, each providing evidence to support its point of view, but without convincing others. Conventional standpoints, one-tract thinking and considering the emergence of the Neolithic way of life as a short-term event have hampered consensus, bringing discussions almost to a dead- lock. Recent evidence has made it clear that the Neolithisation process in Europe was a multifarious event that went on for more than a millennium; thus, all previous hypotheses were correct with re- gard to their specific cases. Analytic or synthetic explicative models such as migration, colonisation, segregated infiltration, the transfer of commodities and of know-how, acculturation, assimilation, and maritime expansion that are seemingly mutually contradictory actually took place simultaneously as distinct modalities.
‘Pre-Neolithic’ in Southeast Europe: a Bulgarian perspective
Authors: Gurova Maria , Bonsall Clive
Published: January 2015

This paper discusses why large areas of the central and northern Balkans lack evidence of Mesolithic settlement and what implications this holds for future research into the Neolithization of the region. A marked shift in site distribution patterns between Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic is interpreted as a response to changing environmental conditions and resource availability. It is suggested that some important questions of the pattern, processes and timing of the transition to farming across the Balkan Peninsula may only be answered through new archaeological surveys of the Lower Danube valley and exploration of submerged landscapes along the Black Sea, Aegean and Adriatic coasts.
Archaeological evidence for 9th and 8th millennia BC at Girmeler Cave near Tlos in SW Turkey
Authors: Takaoğlu Turan , Korkut Taner , Erdoğu Burçin , Işın Gül
Published: January 2015

A mound settlement in front of the Girmeler Cave near the major Lycian city of Tlos in SW Turkey revealed evidence for occupation during the late 9th and 8th millennia BC. The ccupation is characterized by a structure with at least two layers of lime-plastered floor, hearths and bins and a wattle-and-daub superstructure, all pointing to a sedentary community engaged in intensive hunting and gathering. The trial trenches at Girmeler Cave also yielded evidence of an Early Pottery Neolithic period at the end of the 8th millennium BC. The remains of several buildings with terrazzo floors and wattle-and-daub superstructures were found. It is likely that the cave served as a sacred site in the Early Pottery Neolithic period. There was a hiatus between the late 9th/early 8th millennium BC and the Early Pottery Neolithic occupations at the site.
Neolithic and Eneolithic activities inferred from organic residue analysis of pottery from Mala Triglavca, Moverna vas and Ajdovska jama, Slovenia
Authors: Šoberl Lucija , Horvat Milena , Žibrat Gašparič Andreja , Sraka Marko , Evershed Richard , Budja Mihael
Published: January 2015

The research discussed in this paper focused on the analysis and identification of organic residues either preserved as visible or absorbed organic remains on Neolithic and Eneolithic pottery from various archaeological and geographical contexts. These are connected with various food preparation strategies and past human activities, i.e. cave burials in Ajdovska jama (food as a grave good/offering), the rock shelter at Mala Triglavca (meat and dairy animal husbandry practices) and Moverna vas, which had a long occupation sequence (complex farming and animal management). The preservation of biomarkers mirrored past human activities and different pottery uses at various types of sites. The carbon stable isotope ratios of primary fatty acids in lipid pottery extracts confirmed the presence of adipose and dairy fats as well as biomarkers of plant fats, beeswax and birch bark tar.
Sacred Music – a Forbidden Fruit: Musical and Non-musical Ways of Survival
Authors: Jonāne Jūlija
Published: January 2015

Prohibition of sacred music during the period of Soviet Latvia was exerted like a syndrome of forbidden fruit, that was breached in the underground way and developed in secret and complicated forms, in which the central is secular music genres’ and radical musical language’s using. A re-reading of texts will lead to a more nuanced understanding of the development of sacred music in Latvia and other countries.
Die christlichen und antichristlichen Elemente in der Musik von BLACK SABBATH (1970–1973)
Authors: Efthimiou Charris
Published: January 2015

Were the members of BLACK SABBATH actually worshipers of the devil? Did they actually want to insult Christianity with their new sound? The aim of this paper is to find concrete answers to these questions mentioned. A further aim is to examine from a music analytical point of view the songs of this band (from 1970 to 1973), which have a religious background.
Secular and Sacred in the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century: The Case of Masses Nasce la pena mia of Bartolomeo Spontone and Costanzo Antegnati
Authors: Grabnar Klemen
Published: January 2015

Parody masses based on secular compositions are intriguing due to their employment of profane music in strictly liturgical music, which has inspired research in traversing boundaries between sacred and profane. As can be seen from the case of two masses, one by Bartolomeo Spontone and the other by Costanzo Antegnati, based on the madrigal Nasce la pena mia by Alessandro Striggio, secular music in the sixteenth century seems to be transformed in a way to elevate it, turning the attention of the listener toward God.
Revived is the Lord... : Two Readings of a Dramatic Approach in Music
Authors: Hochradner Thomas
Published: January 2015

To envision the non-presentable is a venture. This will only succeed if a conventional frame is going to secure the intention, if the composer is able to release extraordinary creative potential and the audience is endowed with effectual imagination. A comparison of Georg Friedrich Handel’s early oratorio La Resurrezione HWV 47 (1708) and Franco Alfano’s opera Risurrezione, premiered 1904, which is based on a libretto by Cesare Hanau after Lev Tolstoy’s novel Resurrection, makes it clear that certain structures – of the works’ dispositions as well as the musical realizations – help to avoid any danger of irrelevance or chauvinism. Whereas Handel’s approach is a sacral, Alfano’s a secular one, both times a starting position for the composer arises which basically incites a link between the antithetic spheres. Further on not similarities, but possibilities to individualize a topic are questioned, a topic which – notwithstanding the attraction of characterizing a transcendental area compositionally – has scarcely been taken up in the course of music history.
Listening to Music in ‛Holy’ Space: The Role of 19th-Century Public Concert in the Construction of Kunstreligion
Authors: Petrov Ana
Published: January 2015

This paper deals with the 19th-century institution of public concert and its role in the construction of the concept of Kunstreligion. I elaborate on the concept showing how it was produced, by pointing out to the mechanisms that made the concert an alternative to the church service.
The Dionysian signs in Richard Wagner's Tannhäuser
Authors: Iitti Sanna
Published: January 2015

The article discusses Dionysian signs in Richard Wagner's opera Tannhäuser und der Sängerkrieg auf Wartburg, focusing on Venus's arietta “Geliebter! Komm”. The method exemplifies musical topics' semiotic analysis. It is proposed that the arietta's pastoral style constitutes a lyric Dionysian sign.
Orient and Occident Encounters in Dimitrije Buzarovski’s Oratorio “Radomir’s Psalms”
Authors: Jordanonska Trena
Published: January 2015

The oratorio Radomir’s Psalms op. 47 (1999) by Dimitrije Buzarovski addresses Orthodox chant in a Western tradition, embedding Eastern modal monodic sacred and folk tradition into Western polyphonic sacred and secular tonal forms. The work is also an example of the influence of the cultural environment upon shaping of the musical ideas.
Instrumental Music and Franciscan Liturgy
Authors: Venišnik Vesna
Published: January 2015

The Franciscan Library in Novo mesto holds a rather large collection of 18th century sacred and secular music. Among the preserved music there are also several symphonies. The article deals with their characteristics and the possibilities of their performance during the church liturgy.
La literatura de los emigrantes políticos eslovenos después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial en Argentina
Authors: Geršak Marija Uršula
Published: January 2015

La literatura de los emigrantes políticos eslovenos después de laSegunda Guerra Mundial en Argentina
Dramaturgia de la cotidianidad en la obra de Laura Papo Bohoreta
Authors: Prenz Kopušar Ana Cecilia
Published: January 2015

Dramaturgia de la cotidianidad en la obra de Laura Papo Bohoreta
Baltar, Rosalía (2012): Letrados en tiempos de Rosas. Mar del Plata: EUDEM; 250 pp.
Authors: Rodríguez Vanina Edith
Published: January 2015

Baltar, Rosalía (2012): Letrados en tiempos de Rosas. Mar del Plata: EUDEM; 250 pp.
Shakespeare’s Demonology
Authors: Gibson Marion , Esra Jo Ann
Published: January 2015

This volume in the long-running and acclaimed Shakespeare Dictionary series is a detailed, critical reference work examining all aspects of magic, good and evil, across Shakespeare's works. Topics covered include the representation of fairies, witches, ghosts, devils and spirits.
Correlation slopes of GEM / CO, GEM / CO2, and GEM / CH4 and estimated mercury emissions in China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia derived from observations in northwestern and southwestern China
Authors: Fu X. W. , Zhang H. , Lin C.-J. , Feng X. B. , Zhou L. X. , Fang S. X.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Correlation analyses between atmospheric mercury (Hg) and other trace gases are useful for identification of sources and constraining regional Hg emissions. Emissions of Hg in Asia contribute significantly to the global budget of atmospheric Hg. However, due to the lack of reliable data on the source strength, large uncertainties remain in the emission inventories of Hg in Asia. In the present study, we calculated the correlation slopes of GEM / CO, GEM / CO2, and GEM / CH4 for mainland China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia using the ground-based observations at three remote sites in northwestern and southwestern China, and applied these values to estimate GEM emissions in the four source regions. The geometric mean GEM / CO correlation slopes for mainland China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia were 7.3 ± 4.3, 7.8 ± 6.4, 7.8 ± 5.0, and 13.4 ± 9.5 pg m−3 ppb−1, respectively, and values in the same source regions were 33.3 ± 30.4, 27.4 ± 31.0, 23.5 ± 15.3, and 20.5 ± 10.0 pg m−3 ppb−1 for the GEM / CH4 correlation slopes, respectively. The geometric means of GEM / CO2 correlation slopes for mainland China, South Asia, and Central Asia were 240 ± 119, 278 ± 164, 315 ± 289 pg m−3 ppm−1, respectively. These values were the first reported correlation slopes of GEM / CO, GEM / CO2, and GEM / CH4 in four important source regions of Asia, not including the GEM / CO ratios in mainland China. The correlation slopes of GEM / CO, GEM / CO2, and GEM / CH4 in Asia were relatively higher than those observed in Europe, North America, and South Africa, which may highlight GEM emissions from non-ferrous smelting, large-scale and artisanal mercury and gold production, natural sources, and historically deposited mercury (re-emission) in Asia. Using the observed GEM / CO and GEM / CO2 slopes, and the recently reported emission inventories of CO and CO2, the annual GEM emissions in mainland China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia were estimated to be in the ranges of 1071–1187, 340–470, 125, and 54–90 t, respectively. The estimated quantity of GEM emissions from the GEM / CH4 correlation slopes is significantly larger, which may be due to the larger uncertainties in CH4 emissions in Asia as well as insufficient observations of GEM / CH4 correlation slopes, therefore leading to an overestimate of GEM emissions. Our estimates of GEM emissions in the four Asian regions were significantly higher (3–4 times) than the anthropogenic GEM emissions reported in recent studies. This discrepancy could come from a combination of reasons including underestimates of anthropogenic and natural GEM emissions; large uncertainties related to CO, CO2, and CH4 emission inventories; and inherent limitations of the correlation slope method.
The relationship between cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration and light extinction of dried particles: indications of underlying aerosol processes and implications for satellite-based CCN estimates
Authors: Shinozuka Y. , Clarke A. D. , Nenes A. , Jefferson A. , Wood R. , McNaughton C. S. , Ström J. , Tunved P. , Redemann J. , Thornhill K. L. , Moore R. H. , Lathem T. L. , Lin J. J. , Yoon Y. J.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. We examine the relationship between the number concentration of boundary-layer cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and light extinction to investigate underlying aerosol processes and satellite-based CCN estimates. Regression applied to a variety of airborne and ground-based measurements identifies the CCN (cm−3) at 0.4 ± 0.1% supersaturation with 100.3α +1.3 σ0.75 where σ (M m−1) is the 500 nm extinction coefficient by dried particles and α is the Angstrom exponent. The deviation of one kilometer horizontal average data from this approximation is typically within a factor of 2.0. ∂ log CCN/∂ log σ is less than unity because, among other explanations, aerosol growth processes generally make particles scatter more light without increasing their number. This, barring extensive data aggregation and special meteorology-aerosol connections, associates doubling of aerosol optical depth with less than doubling of CCN, contrary to common assumptions in satellite-based analysis of aerosol-cloud interactions.
Formation of highly oxidized multifunctional compounds: autoxidation of peroxy radicals formed in the ozonolysis of alkenes – deduced from structure–product relationships
Authors: Mentel T. F. , Springer M. , Ehn M. , Kleist E. , Pullinen I. , Kurtén T. , Rissanen M. , Wahner A. , Wildt J.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. It has been postulated that secondary organic particulate matter plays a pivotal role in the early growth of newly formed particles in forest areas. The recently detected class of extremely low volatile organic compounds (ELVOC) provides the missing organic vapours and possibly contributes a~significant fraction to atmospheric SOA. ELVOC are highly oxidized multifunctional molecules (HOM), formed by sequential rearrangement of peroxy radicals and subsequent O2 addition. Key for efficiency in early particle growth is that formation of HOM is induced by one attack of the oxidant (here O3) and followed by an autoxidation process involving molecular oxygen. Similar mechanisms were recently observed and predicted by quantum mechanical calculations e.g. for isoprene. To assess the atmospheric importance and therewith the potential generality, it is crucial to understand the formation pathway of HOM. To elucidate the formation path of HOM as well as necessary and sufficient structural prerequisites of their formation we studied homologues series of cycloalkenes in comparison to two monoterpenes. We were able to directly observe highly oxidized multifunctional peroxy radicals with 8 or 10 O-atoms by an Atmospheric Pressure interface High Resolution Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer equipped with a NO3−-Chemical Ionization (CI) source. In case of O3 acting as oxidant the starting peroxy radical is formed on the so called vinylhydroperoxide path. HOM peroxy radicals and their termination reactions with other peroxy radicals, including dimerization, allowed for analysing the observed mass spectra and narrow down the likely formation path. As consequence we propose that HOM are multifunctional percarboxylic acids; with carbonyl-, hydroperoxy-, or hydroxy-groups arising from the termination steps. We figured that aldehyde groups facilitate the initial rearrangement steps. In simple molecules like cyloalkenes autoxidation was limited to both terminal C-atoms and two further C-atoms in the respective α-positions. In more complex molecules containing tertiary H-atoms or small constraint rings even higher oxidation degree were possible, either by simple H-shift of the tertiary H-atom or by initialisation of complex ring-opening reactions.
Observations of relative humidity effects on aerosol light scattering in the Yangtze River Delta of China
Authors: Zhang L. , Sun J. Y. , Shen X. J. , Zhang Y. M. , Che H. C. , Ma Q. L. , Zhang Y. W. , Zhang X. Y. , Ogren J. A.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Scattering of solar radiation by aerosol particles is highly dependent on relative humidity (RH) as hygroscopic particles take up water with increasing RH. To achieve a better understanding of the effect of aerosol hygroscopic growth on light scattering properties and radiative forcing, a field campaign was carried out in the Yangtze River Delta of China in March 2013. During the observation period, the mean and standard deviation of enhancement factors at RH=85% for the scattering coefficient (f(85%)), backscattering coefficient (fb(85%)) and hemispheric backscatter fraction (fβ(85%)) were 1.58 ± 0.12, 1.25 ± 0.07 and 0.79 ± 0.04, respectively, i.e. aerosol scattering coefficient and backscattering coefficient increased by 58 and 25% as the RH increased from 40 to 85%. Meanwhile, the aerosol hemispheric backscatter fraction decreased by 21%. The relative amount of organic matter (OM) and inorganics in PM1 was found to be a main factor determining the magnitude of f(RH), the highest values of f(RH) corresponded to the aerosols with a small fraction of organic matter (OM), and vice versa. The relative amount of NO3− in fine particles was strongly correlated to f(85%), which suggests NO3− played a vital role in aerosol hygroscopic growth during this study. The mass percentage of nitrate also had a close relation to the curvature of humidograms, namely, the higher the nitrate concentration is, the straighter the humidogram will be. Air masses that arrived at LinAn in March can be classified into northerly-polluted, locally-polluted and dust-influenced types, the scattering enhancement factors at 85% RH were 1.52 ± 0.10, 1.64 ± 0.09 and 1.48 ± 0.05, respectively. The sensitivity of the aerosol radiative forcing to f(RH) at the measured mean ambient RH 67% for various aerosol types was also estimated. The direct radiative forcing increased by 11.8, 19.5, and 10.5%, respectively, for locally-polluted, northerly-polluted and dust-influenced aerosols due to aerosol hygroscopic growth at LinAn in March 2013.
Determining the temporal variability in atmospheric temperature profiles measured using radiosondes and assessment of correction factors for different launch schedules
Authors: Butterfield D. , Gardiner T.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Radiosondes provide one of the primary sources of upper troposphere and stratosphere temperature data for numerical weather prediction, the assessment of long-term trends in atmospheric temperature, study of atmospheric processes and provide intercomparison data for other temperature sensors, e.g. satellites. When intercomparing different temperature profiles it is important to include the effect of temporal mismatch between the measurements. To help quantify this uncertainty the atmospheric temperature variation through the day needs to be assessed, so that a correction and uncertainty for time difference can be calculated. Temperature data from an intensive radiosonde campaign, at Manus Island in Papua New Guinea, were analysed to calculate the hourly rate of change in temperature at different altitudes and provide recommendations and correction factors for different launch schedules. Using these results, three additional longer term data sets were analysed (Lindenberg 1999 to 2008; Lindenberg 2009 to 2012; and Southern Great Plains 2006 to 2012) to assess the diurnal variability of temperature as a function of altitude, time of day and season of the year. This provides the appropriate estimation of temperature differences for given temporal separation and the uncertainty associated with them. A general observation was that 10 or more repeat measurements would be required to get a standard error of the mean of less than 0.1 K per hour of temporal mismatch.