bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of medical thermal imaging in assessing the dynamics of healing of pressure ulcers in patients with severe brain damage
Authors: Yakovleva A. V. , Shestopalov A. E. , Dolgov I. M.
Published: May 2024

Patients with severe brain damage often develop pressure ulcers (PU). The phases of the wound process significantly extend in time due to the underlying disease, severity of the condition and metabolic changes. Medical thermal imaging can be used to assess the level of PU microcirculation.

Aims: to study the possibility of using medical thermal imaging to predict the course of PU in patients after severe brain damage.

Methods: 38 ICU patients after brain injury and stage III–IV PU (25 men, 13 women, mean age 59±17 years). The series of thermograms (native image, after the “cold test” and 3 minutes after) were recorded before treatment and after 21 days. We used an NEC ThermoTracer TH 9100 thermal imager.

Results. We assessed the minimum/maximum overall temperatures and in the 1st–4th quartiles. With a positive outcome, the temperatures Q3-Q4 were higher (35.1 C–37.6 C versus 34.8 C–36.7 C for a negative outcome) and the lower thresholds of all quartiles. We hypothesized that a sign of PU healing is a narrowing of the range of temperature points on the surface of the wound. We used a point system for assessing the dynamics of temperature parameters, then checked the model using ROC analysis: the AUC was 0.932 (0.81–1.0), which indicates the high quality. The best ratio of sensitivity and specificity (0.81; 0.83) corresponds to a cut-off point of 9.5.

Conclusion. The use of medical thermal imaging makes it possible to objectively assess the level of blood supply to the PU in patients after severe brain damage, as well as the prognosis of further wound healing.
Pseudotumor fibroso calcificante de cuello en una paciente adolescente
Authors: Bombón Marco Fabricio , Criollo Vargas Emilio
Published: May 2024

Introducción: El pseudotumor fibroso calcificante es un tumor benigno de tejidos blandos que aparece principalmente en niños y adultos jóvenes entre 20 y 30 años de edad, aún sin una etiología clara y definida. De distribución corporal variable, siendo relativamente poco común en el cuello. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de una paciente adolescente de 17 años con tumor en el cuello de rápido crecimiento que se manifestó con dolor moderado localizado, ronquido excesivo y dificultad respiratoria progresiva. Tratamiento: Se realiza resección completa del tumor localizado en hipofaringe, la cual confirma el diagnóstico histopatológico e inmunohistoquímico de pseudotumor fibroso calcificante. Conclusión: El pseudotumor fibroso calcificante de cuello es una patología benigna, rara, con síntomas inespecíficos y, muy probablemente, inducida porque el tumor comprime los tejidos circundantes. La resolución quirúrgica sigue siendo el Gold estándar (GS) en cuanto al tratamiento. El pronóstico posresección es bueno a largo plazo, con tasas bajas de recurrencias. Se discute la aproximación diagnóstica y terapéutica en un paciente adolescente comparado con lo descrito en la literatura.
Supervivencia en pacientes con cáncer de mama estadio IV inicial con manejo sistémico y quirúrgico
Authors: Bravo Fernanda , Vásquez Trespalacios Elsa Maria , Oviedo Arnon , Herazo Fernando , Cuello Javier
Published: May 2024

Introducción: El manejo sistémico es el pilar del tratamiento en las pacientes con cáncer de mama metastásico al debut. Sin embargo, la terapia conjunta (sistémica con cirugía local/locorregional) es objeto de investigación para determinar si ofrece un beneficio adicional en los resultados oncológicos. Los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados tienen reportes contradictorios en cuanto a supervivencia global, mientras que los estudios retrospectivos muestran un impacto favorable. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo describir la supervivencia global y la supervivencia libre de progresión de pacientes con carcinoma de mama metastásico al debut, tratadas con terapia sistémica exclusiva o terapia conjunta. Materiales y método: Estudio retrospectivo de una cohorte de pacientes con carcinoma de mama metastásico al debut de una clínica de referencia oncológica. Se evaluaron dos grupos de manejo: con terapia sistémica exclusiva vs. terapia conjunta. Los resultados principales evaluados fueron la supervivencia libre de progresión y la supervivencia global, calculados mediante las funciones de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier y ajustados a las variables confusoras con modelos de Cox. Resultados: Recibieron terapia sistémica exclusiva 174 pacientes y 88 pacientes, terapia conjunta. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 58,38 meses; la supervivencia libre de progresión fue de 38,56 meses en el grupo de terapia sistémica exclusiva vs. 72,25 meses para el grupo de terapia conjunta. La supervivencia global fue de 42,4 meses (IC 95 % 33,23-51,56) en terapia sistémica exclusiva vs. 82,33 (IC 95 % 62,1-102,55) en terapia conjunta, ambos resultados estadísticamente significativos para el grupo quirúrgico. Conclusión: En pacientes con carcinoma de mama metastásico al debut, la supervivencia global y la supervivencia libre de progresión fueron mejores en los tratados con terapia conjunta que en los manejados con terapia sistémica exclusiva.
Mechanisms of GNAL linked dystonia
Authors: Moehle Mark S.
Published: May 2024

Mutations in the GNAL gene, encoding Gαolf, are causative for an adult-onset, isolated dystonia that may provide unique insights into the etiology of adult-onset idiopathic dystonia. Gαolf is an alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein that replaces Gαs in the striatum and has unique expression patterns outside of the striatum. Gαolf additionally has defined molecular functions in GPCR signaling. These defined molecular pathways and expression pathways point to defined circuit deficits underlying the causes of this adult-onset dystonia that may provide additional insights into broader idiopathic dystonia. Here, we will review the available evidence for normal Gαolf function, and how this is corrupted by GNAL mutations to cause dystonia. Thes include the molecular signaling and expression profiles of Gαolf and the other G proteins, β2γ7, complexedwith it., Additionally, we will discuss the circuits that Gαolf influences, and how GNAL mutations may reorganize these circuits to cause dystonia.
A canine model to evaluate the effect of exercise intensity and duration on olfactory detection limits: the running nose
Authors: Aviles-Rosa Edgar , Schultz Jöerg , Maughan Michele N. , Gadberry Jenna D. , DiPasquale Dana M. , Farr Brian , Henderson Andrea , Best Eric , Discepolo Dakota R. , Buckley Patricia , Perry Erin B. , Zoran Debra L. , Hall Nathaniel J.
Published: May 2024

Detection canines serve critical roles to support the military, homeland security and border protection. Some explosive detection tasks are physically demanding for dogs, and prior research suggests this can lead to a reduction in olfactory detection sensitivity. To further evaluate the effect of exercise intensity on olfactory sensitivity, we developed a novel olfactory paradigm that allowed us to measure olfactory detection thresholds while dogs exercised on a treadmill at two different exercise intensities. Dogs (n = 3) showed a decrement in olfactory detection for 1-bromooctane at 10−3 (v/v) dilutions and lower under greater exercise intensity. Dogs' hit rate for the lowest concentration dropped from 0.87 ± 0.04 when walking at low intensity to below 0.45 ± 0.06 when trotting at moderate intensity. This decline had an interaction with the duration of the session in moderate intensity exercise, whereby dogs performed near 100% detection in the first 10 min of the 8 km/h session, but showed 0% detection after 20 min. Hit rates for high odor concentrations (10−2) were relatively stable at both low (1 ± 0.00) and moderate (0.91 ± 0.04) exercise intensities. The paradigm and apparatus developed here may be useful to help further understand causes of operationally relevant olfactory detection threshold decline in dogs.
Development of a 3D in vitro human-sized model of cervical dysplasia to evaluate the delivery of ethyl cellulose-ethanol injection
Authors: Cadena Ines A. , Adhikari Gatha , Almer Alyssa , Jenne Molly , Obasi Ndubuisi , Soria Zurita Nicolas F. , Rochefort Willie E. , Mueller Jenna L. , Fogg Kaitlin C.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Cervical cancer, the second leading cause of cancer-related death for women worldwide, remains a preventable yet persistent disease that disproportionately affects women in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). While existing therapies for treating cervical dysplasia are effective, they are often inaccessible in LMICs. Ethanol ablation is an alternative low-cost, accessible therapy that we previously enhanced into ethyl cellulose (EC)-ethanol gel formulation to improve efficacy.

Methods: To evaluate the efficacy of EC-ethanol, in this study, we developed a 3D in vitro model of cervical dysplasia featuring a central lesion of cervical cancer cells surrounded by fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Using a GelMA hydrogel formulation (8.7% w/v), we successfully built a 3D model that captured the architectural complexity of cervical dysplasia. We evaluated changes in cell coverage and cell viability. Then, we compared the viscoelastic properties of the GelMA hydrogels to human cervical tissue and using micro-CT imaging, we assessed EC-ethanol injection deposition in the hydrogel, revealing retention of virtually the entire injected volume near the injection site. Finally, we measured changes in cell viability and cell coverage after the EC-ethanol injection.

Results: The developed 3D in vitro model successfully replicated the architectural complexity of cervical dysplasia, demonstrating high cell viability and capturing cell responses effectively. The GelMA hydrogel formulation (8.7% w/v) exhibited viscoelastic properties akin to human cervical tissue. Micro-CT imaging revealed efficient deposition of EC-ethanol within the hydrogel, with retention of the injected volume near the injection site. Furthermore, the EC-ethanol injection significantly reduced cervical cancer cell viability and cell coverage while preserving healthy cells within the model.

Conclusion: Our findings indicate that our 3D in vitro model mirrored the architecture of cervical dysplasia and demonstrated the potential of EC-ethanol for localized treatment of cervical dysplasia.
Identification of optimal accelerometer placement on trains for railway switch wear monitoring via multibody simulation
Authors: Hu Zhicheng , Lau Albert , Dai Jian , Frøseth Gunnstein T.
Published: May 2024

Accelerometers play a crucial role in the railway industry, especially in track monitoring. Traditionally, they are placed on the railway tracks or often on bridges to monitor the health and condition of the infrastructure. Recently, there has been an increased focus on using regular trains to monitor the condition of railway infrastructure. Often, the sensors are placed based on certain assumptions without much scientific evidence or support. This paper utilizes the multibody simulation software GENSYS to identify the optimal placement of accelerometers on a passenger train for monitoring railway switch wear. Switch wear profiles were generated systematically and used as input for the simulations, studying acceleration at a total of 93 locations distributed among the wheelsets, bogies, and carbody. Based on both time and frequency domain analyses, optimal sensor locations were identified, generally close to the first bogie or wheelset at the leading carbody. Accelerations generated by the wheelset passing the switch can also be captured in the carbody, but it is important to note that these are several orders lower in magnitude compared to the acceleration on the wheelset. If accelerometers are to be placed in the carbody, correct sensitivity must be chosen, and a high-pass filter should be applied to capture the acceleration signals associated with switch wear. The study confirms that there is a direct correlation between the depth of switch wear and the magnitude of the acceleration. It remains effective even under various curve radii and train speeds.
Insights in Pt-based electrocatalysts on carbon supports for electro-oxidation of carbohydrates: an EIS-DEMS analysis
Authors: Castañeda-Morales Eleazar , Gómez-Gómez Fabio A. , Li Yueyin , Manzo-Robledo Arturo
Published: May 2024

In this work, the electrochemical oxidation of carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) was induced at the interface of Pt-nanoparticles supported on different carbon-based materials as carbon vulcan (C) and carbon black (CB). It was found that the support plays an important role during carbohydrates electro-oxidation as demonstrated by electrochemical techniques. In this context, current-concentration profiles of the redox peaks show the behavior of the pathways at carbohydrates-based solutions. Herein, the trend of current measured was glucose > sucrose > fructose, attributed to differences in the organic functional groups and chain-structure. Raman, XRD, SEM-EDS and XPS put in clear important structural, morphological, and electronic differences linked with the intrinsic nature of the obtained material. Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectroscopy (DEMS) indicated that the selectivity and the conversion of the formed reaction products during oxidation is linked with the catalyst nature (distribution, particle size) and the interaction with the carbon-based support.
Recent advances in catalytic asymmetric synthesis
Authors: Garg Ashna , Rendina Dominick , Bendale Hersh , Akiyama Takahiko , Ojima Iwao
Published: May 2024

Asymmetric catalysis stands at the forefront of modern chemistry, serving as a cornerstone for the efficient creation of enantiopure chiral molecules characterized by their high selectivity. In this review, we delve into the realm of asymmetric catalytic reactions, which spans various methodologies, each contributing to the broader landscape of the enantioselective synthesis of chiral molecules. Transition metals play a central role as catalysts for a wide range of transformations with chiral ligands such as phosphines, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), etc., facilitating the formation of chiral C-C and C-X bonds, enabling precise control over stereochemistry. Enantioselective photocatalytic reactions leverage the power of light as a driving force for the synthesis of chiral molecules. Asymmetric electrocatalysis has emerged as a sustainable approach, being both atom-efficient and environmentally friendly, while offering a versatile toolkit for enantioselective reductions and oxidations. Biocatalysis relies on nature’s most efficient catalysts, i.e., enzymes, to provide exquisite selectivity, as well as a high tolerance for diverse functional groups under mild conditions. Thus, enzymatic optical resolution, kinetic resolution and dynamic kinetic resolution have revolutionized the production of enantiopure compounds. Enantioselective organocatalysis uses metal-free organocatalysts, consisting of modular chiral phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen components, facilitating remarkably efficient and diverse enantioselective transformations. Additionally, unlocking traditionally unreactive C-H bonds through selective functionalization has expanded the arsenal of catalytic asymmetric synthesis, enabling the efficient and atom-economical construction of enantiopure chiral molecules. Incorporating flow chemistry into asymmetric catalysis has been transformative, as continuous flow systems provide precise control over reaction conditions, enhancing the efficiency and facilitating optimization. Researchers are increasingly adopting hybrid approaches that combine multiple strategies synergistically to tackle complex synthetic challenges. This convergence holds great promise, propelling the field of asymmetric catalysis forward and facilitating the efficient construction of complex molecules in enantiopure form. As these methodologies evolve and complement one another, they push the boundaries of what can be accomplished in catalytic asymmetric synthesis, leading to the discovery of novel, highly selective transformations which may lead to groundbreaking applications across various industries.
Dual-network fiber-hydrogel membrane for osmotic energy harvesting
Authors: Cao Licheng , Wu Huiqing
Published: May 2024

Osmotic energy harvesting was a promising way to alleviate energy crisis with reverse electrodialysis (RED) membrane-based technology. Charged hydrogel combined with other materials was an effective strategy to overcome problems, including restricted functional groups and complicated fabrication, but the effect of the respective charges of the two materials combined on the membrane properties has rarely been studied in depth. Herein, a new method was proposed that charged hydrogel was equipped with charged filter paper to form dual network fiber-hydrogel membrane for osmotic energy harvesting, which had excellent ion selectivity (beyond 0.9 under high concentration gradient), high ion transference number and energy conversion efficiency (beyond 32.5% under wide range concentration gradient), good property of osmotic energy conversion (∼4.84 W/m2 under 50-fold KCl and ∼6.75 W/m2 under simulated sea water and river water). Moreover, the power density was attributed to the surface-space charge synergistic effect from large amounts overlapping of electric double layer (EDL), so that the transmembrane ion transport was enhanced. It might be a valid mode to extensively develop the osmotic energy harvesting.
Association of visceral adiposity index with hypertension (NHANES 2003–2018)
Authors: Zhou Haoran , Li Tianshu , Li Jie , Zheng Dongdong , Yang Jie , Zhuang Xin
Published: May 2024

Objectives

This study focused on the association between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and the prevalence of hypertension in a nationally representative population of American adults.

Methods

The study obtained data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2003–2018 for a large-scale study. This study incorporated participants ≥18 years of age. Multivariate logistic regression modelling and smoothed curve fitting were applied to investigate the existence of a correlation between VAI and hypertension prevalence. Subgroups were analyzed to confirm the stationarity of the association between VAI and hypertension prevalence. In addition, an interaction test was conducted in this study.

Results

In completely adapted sequential models, the risk of hypertension prevalence in the overall population increased 0.17-fold with each 1-unit increase in VAI [odds ratio (OR) = 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12–1.22]. In the wholly adapted categorical model, there was a 0.95-fold increased risk of hypertension in the population of VAI quartile 4 (Q4) vs. VAI quartile 1 (Q1) (OR = 1.95; 95% CI 1.62–2.35). These results indicate that VAI was strongly related to the occurrence of hypertension, and smoothed curve-fitting analysis showed nonlinearity. Adjustment for covariates revealed no apparent interactions in the subgroup analyses, and results were stable across subgroups.

Conclusion

This cross-sectional study suggests a nonlinear and positive correlation between elevated VAI and the adult risk of developing hypertension in U.S. adults.
Case Report of snare-assisted coaxiality optimized technique during valve deployment in patient with pure aortic regurgitation
Authors: Yu Jiwei , Du Run , Ding Fenghua , Zhang Ruiyan , Zhu Zhengbin
Published: May 2024

In high-risk patients with pure native aortic regurgitation (PNAR), transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) remains an off-label intervention. Due to anatomical variations in the aortic root and technical challenges unique to PNAR, the transfemoral approach (TF-TAVR) requires continued accumulation of experience and technological refinement. In this context, we successfully and safely performed a snare-assisted TF-TAVR procedure for a patient with PNAR, characterized by significant aortic angulation. We introduced an innovative technique termed “snare-assisted coaxiality optimized technique” (SACOT) during valve deployment. SACOT played a crucial role in optimizing valve positioning, enhancing coaxiality, and achieving the ideal implantation depth for PNAR. Post-procedure assessments demonstrated stability and the absence of paravalvular regurgitation (PVR).
The role of lymphatic endothelial cell metabolism in lymphangiogenesis and disease
Authors: Simeroth Summer , Yu Pengchun
Published: May 2024

Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) line lymphatic vessels, which play an important role in the transport of lymph fluid throughout the human body. An organized lymphatic network develops via a process termed “lymphangiogenesis.” During development, LECs respond to growth factor signaling to initiate the formation of a primary lymphatic vascular network. These LECs display a unique metabolic profile, preferring to undergo glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. In addition to their reliance on glycolysis, LECs utilize other metabolic pathways such as fatty acid β-oxidation, ketone body oxidation, mitochondrial respiration, and lipid droplet autophagy to support lymphangiogenesis. This review summarizes the current understanding of metabolic regulation of lymphangiogenesis. Moreover, it highlights how LEC metabolism is implicated in various pathological conditions.
Publicly funded Steiner education in England–Beautiful anomaly? Missed opportunity? Or both?
Authors: Mepham Trevor Michael
Published: May 2024

This paper reflects on an educational policy initiative taken by the New Labour Government in England in the 1990s–2000s to extend parental choice in publicly funded school education, and to widen social access to different educational approaches. As such, the policy which led to the opening of a Steiner Academy School in Herefordshire contained elements of educational diversity and inclusion, a degree of parental choice that had not been considered previously, and an extending of social access to different and distinctive educational approaches. For example, in the case of the Steiner Academy Hereford, the National Curriculum for schools in England was set aside in favour of the Steiner Waldorf curriculum framework. The paper seeks to set out the main features of the negotiation that led up to the state funding of Steiner education in England, along with an exploration of the processes, compromises, achievements and setbacks that were encountered along the way.
Genetic liability to inflammatory bowel disease is causally associated with increased risk of erectile dysfunction: Evidence from a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Pan Renbing , Sun Chuanyang , Zheng Linhai , Liu Jingwen , Xu Wei
Published: May 2024

Background: Several observational cohort studies suggested a close correlation between inflammatory bowel disease and erectile dysfunction. Nevertheless, whether there was a causal effect between them remained debatable. In this study, we aimed to detect the underlying causal links between genetically predicted inflammatory bowel disease and the risk of erectile dysfunction.

Methods: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to assess the causal link between inflammatory bowel disease and erectile dysfunction. Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode were utilized to estimate the causality. The top single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with inflammatory bowel disease cases (n = 25,800) and erectile dysfunction cases (n = 1,154) were extracted from the summary genome-wide association study (GWAS) data obtained from a publicly attainable database. MR-PRESSO global outlier test and MR-Egger regression were utilized to explore the horizontal pleiotropy and outlier instrumental variables. Cochran’s Q statistic was utilized to detect the heterogeneity.

Results: In the forward MR study, the IVW approach demonstrated that genetically determined inflammatory bowel disease exhibited a suggestively causal association with an increased risk of erectile dysfunction (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02–1.21, p = 0.019), and also the genetically determined Crohn’s disease was found to be causally associated with an increased risk of erectile dysfunction (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.17, p = 0.014). However, the MR analysis results showed no significant evidence supporting a causal effect of ulcerative colitis with erectile dysfunction (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.92–1.14, p = 0.679). Furthermore, the reverse MR analysis showed no causal effects of genetically determined erectile dysfunction on inflammatory bowel disease. Additionally, sensitivity analysis demonstrated no pleiotropy and heterogeneity.

Conclusion: Our MR analysis substantiated causal links of inflammatory bowel disease and Crohn’s disease on erectile dysfunction, which may further elucidate how inflammatory bowel disease impacted the initiation and development of erectile dysfunction, and facilitated the prevention and clinical management of inflammatory bowel disease in individuals with erectile dysfunction.
Development and application of microsatellite markers in Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis Rousi (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) based on transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Liu Qingqing , Ye Guisheng , Ma Yuhua
Published: May 2024

Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis Rousi is a cold- and drought-tolerant pioneer species with significant economic and ecological value. Evaluating its genetic diversity and population structure is of great importance for guiding the development and utilization of resources. In this study, a total of 41,804 SSRs were generated by transcriptome sequencing of Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis Rousi. Among the different SSR motif types, mononucleotide repeats (26,972) were the most abundant, followed by trinucleotides, tetranucleotides, and pentanucleotides. 200 pairs of SSR primers were selected to detect polymorphisms, of which 15 pairs primers were selected as validated polymorphic SSRs used for genetic diversity and population structure analysis. A total of 63 alleles were identified with 15 pairs primers, with Nei’s genetic diversity index ranged from 0.27 to 0.83 (average: 0.54), and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.16 to 0.73 (average: 0.46). The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.23 to 0.81 (average: 0.48). Genetic structure analyses showed that the 10 populations could be broadly categorized into two groups. AMOVA denoted that genetic variations primarily originated from within the populations, with minimal differences observed between the groups, accounting for only 7% of the total genetic variation. This implies that mutation in H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis Rousi mainly occurred within the populations. The results showed that the 10 populations of H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis Rousi are rich in genetic diversity, with low levels of population differentiation and a high degree of gene exchange, which should be taken into consideration for the future work of germplasm resource preservation and seedling breeding.
Transient receptor potential channels’ genes forecast cervical cancer outcomes and illuminate its impact on tumor cells
Authors: Jiang Shan , Lin Xuefen , Wu Qiaoling , Zheng Jianfeng , Cui Zhaolei , Cai Xintong , Li Yanhong , Zheng Chaoqiang , Sun Yang
Published: May 2024

Introduction: In recent years, there has been a strong association between transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and the development of various malignancies, drug resistance, and resistance to radiotherapy. Consequently, we have investigated the relationship between transient receptor potential channels and cervical cancer from multiple angles.

Methods: Patients’ mRNA expression profiles and gene variants were obtained from the TCGA database. Key genes in transient receptor potential channel prognosis-related genes (TRGs) were screened using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method, and a risk signature was constructed based on the expression of key genes. Various analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic significance, biological functions, immune infiltration, and response to immunotherapy based on the risk signature.

Results: Our research reveals substantial differences between high and low-risk groups in prognosis, tumor microenvironment, tumor mutational load, immune infiltration, and response to immunotherapy. Patients in the high-risk group exhibited poorer prognosis, lower tumor microenvironment scores and reduced response to immunotherapy while showing increased sensitivity to specific targeted drugs. In vitro experiments further illustrated that inhibiting transient receptor potential channels effectively decreased the proliferation, invasion, and migration of cervical cancer cells.

Discussion: This study highlights the significant potential of transient receptor potential channels in cervical cancer, emphasizing their crucial role in prognostic prediction and personalized treatment strategies. The combination of TRP inhibitors with immunotherapy and targeted drugs may offer promise for individuals affected by cervical cancer.
A comprehensive Mendelian randomization study highlights the relationship between psychiatric disorders and non-tumor gastrointestinal diseases
Authors: Liang Xiru , Huang Xindi , Cheng Yutong , Wang Ziwei , Song Yahua , Shu Qiuai , Xie Ning
Published: May 2024

Objective

Previous observational studies revealed the potential correlation between psychiatric disorders (PDs) and non-tumor gastrointestinal diseases (NTGDs). However, their causation remains unclear.

Methods

We explored the causal relationship between PDs and NTGDs through bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics and bidirectional two-sample MR study were used to assess the causality between PDs and NTGDs. Multiple sensitivity analyses were used to identify the robustness of our results.

Results

We found that major depression was causally associated with increased risk of gastric ulcer (OR: 1.812, 95% CI: 1.320–2.487, p < 0.001) and irritable bowel syndrome (OR: 1.645, 95% CI: 1.291–2.097, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, genetically predicted gastroesophageal reflux disease contributed to the increased risk of anxiety disorders (OR: 1.425, 95% CI: 1.295–1.568, p < 0.001), and ulcerative colitis was related to increased risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (OR: 1.042, 95% CI: 1.008–1.078, p = 0.0157).

Conclusion

Our study provided MR evidence to support the close causality and identify the specific direction between eight PDs and eight common NTGDs. Experimental studies to further examine the causality, underlying mechanism, and therapeutic potential of PDs and NTGDs are required.
A comprehensive review of parametric optimization of electrical discharge machining processes using multi-criteria decision-making techniques
Authors: Pendokhare Devendra , Kalita Kanak , Chakraborty Shankar , Čep Robert
Published: May 2024

Optimization of electrical discharge machining (EDM) processes is a critical issue due to complex material removal mechanism, presence of multiple input parameters and responses (outputs) and interactions among them and varying interest of different stakeholders with respect to relative importance assigned to the considered responses. Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques have become potent tools in solving parametric optimization problems of the EDM processes. In this paper, more than 130 research articles from SCOPUS database published during 2013–22 are reviewed extracting information with respect to experimental design plans employed, materials machined, dielectrics used, process parameters and responses considered and MCDM tools applied along with their integration with other mathematical techniques. A detailed analysis of those reviewed articles reveals that the past researchers have mostly preferred Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array as the experimental design plan; EDM oil as the dielectric fluid; medium and high carbon steels as the work materials; peak current and pulse-on time as the input parameters; material removal rate, tool wear rate and surface roughness as the responses; and grey relational analysis as the MCDM tool during conducting and optimizing EDM operations. This review paper would act as a data repository to the future researchers in understanding the stochastic behaviour of EDM processes and providing guidance in setting the tentative operating levels of varying input parameters along with achievable response values. The extracted dataset can be treated as an input to any of the machine learning algorithms for subsequent development of appropriate prediction models. This review also outlines potential future research avenues, emphasizing advancements in EDM technology and the integration of innovative multi-criteria decision-making tools.
Neurological dysfunction screening in a cohort of adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a six-year follow-up
Authors: Tinti Davide , Canavese Carlotta , Nobili Cecilia , Marcotulli Daniele , Daniele Erika , Rabbone Ivana , de Sanctis Luisa
Published: May 2024

Aims

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the most insidious microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and initial signs may appear during childhood. The aim of this study is to evaluate associations between the Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS) outcomes at enrollment with neuropathy screening questionnaires performed six years later in a cohort of asymptomatic adolescents followed up until early adulthood, affected by T1DM.

Methods

We performed NCS in a cohort of seventy-two adolescents with T1DM and eighteen healthy controls. Six years later, screening questionnaires for DN were proposed: Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI, specific for symptoms of somatic dysfunction), Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31 (COMPASS 31, specific for abnormalities of the autonomic component) and Clarke questionnaire (perception of hypoglycemia). Thirty-two TD1M subjects agreed to participate in the follow-up; main clinical-metabolic parameters, including the number of episodes of hypoglycemia in the past twelve months, were collected.

Results

11.8% of subjects showed changes compatible with DN through the MNSI questionnaire, while 41% declared a reduced perception of hypoglycemia on the Clarke questionnaire. No significant correlation was observed between the clinical-metabolic parameters or altered response to NCS and scores of MNSI and COMPASS 31 questionnaires. On the other hand, an association was observed between NCS abnormalities and a high number of hypoglycemic events after six years (97-fold increased risk, p = 0.009).

Conclusion

The frequency of somatic alterations in the study population is 11.8%, whereas the frequency of symptoms correlated with autonomic damage is about 41%. An autonomic impairment recorded at NCS may represent a six-year risk factor for increased hypoglycemic episodes, even if more extensive studies are needed to investigate this possible relationship further.
Type II Crigler-Najjar syndrome: a case report and literature review
Authors: He Tao , Geng Xiaoling , Zhu Lei , Lin Xue , Wang Lixia
Published: May 2024

Background

Crigler-Najjar syndrome (CNS) is caused by mutations in uridine 5′-diphosphate glucuronyltransferase (UGT1A1) resulting in enzyme deficiency and hyperbilirubinemia. Type II CNS patients could respond to phenobarbital treatment and survive. This study presents a rare case of type II CNS.

Case summary

The proband was a 29-year-old male patient admitted with severe jaundice. A hepatic biopsy showed bullous steatosis of the peri-central veins of the hepatic lobule, sediment of bile pigment, and mild periportal inflammation with normal liver plate structure. The type II CNS was diagnosed by routine genomic sequencing which found that the proband with the Gry71Arg/Tyr486Asp compound heterozygous mutations in the UGT1A1 gene. After treatment with phenobarbital (180 mg/day), his bilirubin levels fluctuated between 100 and 200 μmol/L for 6 months and without severe icterus.

Conclusion

Type II CNS could be diagnosed by routine gene sequencing and treated by phenobarbital.
Exploring the mechanism of agarwood moxa smoke in treating sleep disorders based on GC–MS and network pharmacology
Authors: Chen Nianhong , Xia Yucheng , Wu Weiyan , Chen Siyu , Zhao Mingming , Song Yanting , Liu Yangyang
Published: May 2024

Background

Agarwood moxibustion is a folk therapy developed by individuals of the Li nationality in China. There is evidence that agarwood moxa smoke (AMS) generated during agarwood moxibustion therapy can treat sleep disorders via traditional Chinese medicines’ multiple target and pathway characteristics. However, the specific components and mechanisms involved have yet to be explored.

Objective

GC–MS (Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry) and network pharmacology were used to investigate AMS’s molecular basis and mechanism in treating sleep deprivation.

Method

GC–MS was used to determine the chemical composition of AMS; component target information was collected from TCMSP (Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology), PubChem (Public Chemical Database), GeneCards (Human Gene Database), and DisGeNet (Database of Genes and Diseases) were used to identify disease targets, and JVenn (Joint Venn) was used to identify the common targets of AMS and sleep disorders. STRING was used to construct a protein interaction network, Cytoscape 3.9.1 was used to build a multilevel network diagram of the “core components-efficacy targets-action pathways,” the targets were imported into Metascape and DAVID for GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analyses and Autodock was used for molecular docking. This research used a network pharmacology methodology to investigate the therapeutic potential of Agarwood Moxa Smoke (AMS) in treating sleep problems. Examining the target genes and chemical constituents of AMS offers insights into the molecular processes and targets of the disease.

Result

Nine active ingredients comprising anti-inflammatory substances and antioxidants, such as caryophyllene and p-cymene, found seven sleep-regulating signaling pathways and eight targets linked to sleep disorders. GC–MS was used to identify the 94 active ingredients in AMS, and the active ingredients had strong binding with the key targets. Key findings included active components with known medicinal properties, such as p-cymene, eucalyptol, and caryophyllene. An investigation of network pharmacology revealed seven signaling pathways for sleep regulation and eight targets linked to sleep disorders, shedding light on AMS’s effectiveness in enhancing sleep quality.

Conclusion

AMS may alleviate sleep disorders by modulating cellular and synaptic signaling, controlling hormone and neurotransmitter pathways, etc. Understanding AMS’s material basis and mechanism of action provides a foundation for future research on treating sleep disorders with AMS. According to the study, Agarwood Moxa Smoke (AMS) may improve sleep quality by modifying cellular and synaptic signaling pathways for those who suffer from sleep problems. This might lead to the development of innovative therapies with fewer side effects.
Discovery and characterization of a novel pathogen Erwinia pyri sp. nov. associated with pear dieback: taxonomic insights and genomic analysis
Authors: He Linxin , Huang Rong , Chen Haiyan , Zhao Liang , Zhang Zhenfen
Published: May 2024

In 2022, a novel disease similar to pear fire blight was found in a pear orchard in Zhangye City, Gansu Province, China. The disease mainly damages the branches, leaves, and fruits of the plant. To identify the pathogen, tissue isolation and pathogenicity testing (inoculating the potential pathogen on healthy plant tissues) were conducted. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis encompassing the pathogen’s morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and whole-genome sequencing was conducted. The results showed that among the eight isolates, the symptoms on the detached leaves and fruits inoculated with isolate DE2 were identical to those observed in the field. Verifying Koch’s postulates confirmed that DE2 was the pathogenic bacterium that causes the disease. Based on a 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree, isolate DE2 belongs to the genus Erwinia. Biolog and API 20E results also indicated that isolate DE2 is an undescribed species of Erwinia. Isolate DE2 was negative for oxidase. Subsequently, the complete genome sequence of isolate DE2 was determined and compared to the complete genome sequences of 29 other Erwinia species based on digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) analyses. The ANI and dDDH values between strain DE2 and Erwinia species were both below the species thresholds (ANI < 95–96%, dDDH<70%), suggesting that isolate DE2 is a new species of Erwinia. We will temporarily name strain DE2 as Erwinia pyri sp. nov. There were 548 predicted virulence factors in the genome of strain DE2, comprising 534 on the chromosome and 5 in the plasmids. The whole genome sequence of strain DE2 has been submitted to the NCBI database (ASM3075845v1) with accession number GCA_030758455.1. The strain DE2 has been preserved at the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) under the deposit number CCTCC AB 2024080. This study represents the initial report of a potentially new bacterial species in the genus Erwinia that causes a novel pear dieback disease. The findings provide a valuable strain resource for the study of the genus Erwinia and establish a robust theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of emerging pear dieback diseases.
Bioprospecting of serratiopeptidase-producing bacteria from different sources
Authors: Nair Sreelakshmi R. , Subathra Devi C.
Published: May 2024

Anti-inflammatory enzymes have wide applications in the pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this study was to find new and efficient strains for the commercial production of serratiopeptidase enzyme. Vast number of samples were processed for the isolation of potent strains. The experimental treatment includes processing of twenty soil samples, silkworm gut, and sugarcane stem. The total protein and protease activity was estimated by Lowry’s method and casein hydrolysis. The HRBC stabilization assay was performed for finding the anti-inflammatory potential of all strains. The serratiopeptidase production was confirmed by HPLC with the standard. Molecular characterization of selected potent strains was done by 16S rDNA and confirmed the taxonomy. The one step rapid purification of serratiopeptidase was performed by Ultra three phase partitioning method. The clot lysis potential of the Serratia marcescens VS56 was observed by modified Holmstorm method. The results of the study revealed that among the 60 strains, 12 strains were protease-positive on skim milk agar plates and showed significant protease activity. All 12 strains were screened for serratiopeptidase using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and VS56, VS10, VS12 and VS18 showed a similar retention time (4.66 ± 0.10 min) with standard. The selected potent strain, Serratia marcescens VS56 showed a proteolytic activity of 21.30 units/mL and produced a total protein of 102 mg/mL. The HRBC suspension results also showed a percentage of 94.6 ± 1.00 protection, which was compared to the standard diclofenac. The clot lysis potential of Serratia marcescens VS56 was 53% in 4 h. Furthermore, the molecular weight of the protein was identified to confirm the presence of serratiopeptidase. The study hence contributed successfully to isolating, screening, and identifying a potent producer for serratiopeptidase from an environmental source. This inherent advantage of the strain will undoubtedly contribute much to the coco comm commercial production of serratiopeptidase in the near future.
Urinary tract infections in older adults: associated factors for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production
Authors: Alkan Sena , Balkan Ilker Inanc , Surme Serkan , Bayramlar Osman Faruk , Kaya Sibel Yildiz , Karaali Ridvan , Mete Bilgul , Aygun Gokhan , Tabak Fehmi , Saltoglu Nese
Published: May 2024

Objective

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Identifying associated factors for ESBL production may contribute to more appropriate empirical treatment.

Materials and methods

This was a prospective observational study. Hospitalized patients of age > 65 with community-onset or hospital-acquired upper UTI due to E. coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae were included. A multivariate analysis was performed.

Results

A total of 97 patients were included. ESBL prevalence among UTIs with E. coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae was 69.1% (n = 67). CRP values at the time of UTI diagnosis were found to be significantly higher in the ESBL-producing group (p = 0.004). The multivariate analysis revealed that male gender (OR: 2.72, CI: 1.02–7.25), prior recurrent UTI (OR: 3.14, CI: 1.21–8.14), and the development of secondary bacteremia (OR: 4.95, CI: 1.03–23.89) were major associated factors for UTI in older adults due to ESBL-producing E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Conclusion

Severe UTI in older men with a history of recurrent UTI may be a warning to the clinician for ESBL production in the setting of high ESBL prevalence. Carbapenems may be prioritized in the empirical treatment of patients with known risk factors for ESBL.
Mitigation of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors, along with the antibrowning and antimicrobial effects of cassia seed microbial fermentation solution
Authors: Xie Haohui , Gu Quliang , Chen Weiji , Meng Xiangyu , Guo Zhenyu , Zhang Yue , Li He
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Cassia seeds, originating from the mature seeds of leguminous cassia species, possess pharmacological effects attributed to their rich composition of various active ingredients, notably anthraquinones. While current research predominantly focuses on pharmaceutical extractions, there has been limited progress in fermentation studies.

Methods

Our study aimed to enhance the content of active compounds such as anthraquinones, flavonoids, and polyphenols using microbial fermentation techniques. We specifically optimized a fermentation system through a single-factor experimental design.

Results

The antioxidant properties of the fermentation solution were validated through assays involving HaCaT cells and zebrafish. We observed effective suppression of inflammatory reactions in both RAW264.7 cells and transgenic zebrafish by the fermentation solution. Moreover, significant inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanin production was evident in B16-F10 cells and zebrafish. Positive outcomes were also obtained in antibacterial assays and chick embryo experiments.

Discussion

These findings highlight the potential of cassia seed fermentation solution as a safe and eco-friendly material in food chemistry and biomedical sciences.