bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Individual Hydrocarbons in the Composition of Diesel Fuel on the Effectiveness of Depressant Additives
Authors: Morozova Yana , Bogdanov Ilya , Altynov Andrey , Titaeva Alina , Kirgina Maria
Published: July 2024

The use of depressant additives is the most effective and cost-effective way to improve the low-temperature properties of diesel fuels, like the cloud point, cold filter plugging point and pour point. However, the effectiveness of depressant additives depends on the composition of the diesel fuel and the content of certain groups of hydrocarbons in it. In this work, the effect of adding individual hydrocarbons of various groups and structures on the effectiveness of depressant additives is studied. This study is carried out on model aromatic (toluene, tetralin) and n-paraffin hydrocarbons (cetane, heptadecane, heneicosane, docosane) in various concentrations. It is shown that the most negative effect on the depressant additives’ effectiveness is due to the content of the most polar aromatic hydrocarbons and light n-paraffins in the composition of diesel fuel, and the most positive effect is exerted by the content of heavy n-paraffins in small quantities. It is proposed to involve small concentrations (1–3% vol.) of heavy n-paraffin hydrocarbons (heneicosane, docosane) to increase the effectiveness of the depressant additive. It has been established that for the more effective action of the depressant, it is necessary to take into account the content and structure of individual hydrocarbons in the diesel fuel’s composition.
Aural Manifestations of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)-Associated Vasculitis—Diagnosis, Symptoms, Treatment
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Michał S. , Jurkiewicz Dariusz , Niemczyk Stanisław , Rymarz Aleksandra
Published: July 2024

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of vasculitis sharing a common pathophysiology, which affects small and medium blood vessels. There are three categories of AAV: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). As a systemic disease, AAV can affect basically every organ. The goal of this publication is to sum up and underline the problem of the aural manifestation of AAV; it details the definition of Otitis Media with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Associated Vasculitis (OMAAV) and allows for a better understanding of the specific tasks of medical professionals taking part in the diagnostic and therapeutic process. Among others, this publication is directed to otolaryngologists who may encounter patients with AAV and often are the first specialists who see patients with early symptoms of AAV. This publication presents brief characteristics of AAV, descriptions of aural manifestations and symptoms, differential diagnosis, and both pharmacological and surgical treatment options, based on current recommendations and information found in the literature and clinical databases.
Long-Term Outcome after Early Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor-Based Immunosuppression in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Liefeldt Lutz , Waiser Johannes , Bachmann Friederike , Budde Klemens , Friedersdorff Frank , Halleck Fabian , Lachmann Nils , Peters Robert , Rudolph Birgit , Ünlü Sinem , Wu Kaiyin , Glander Petra
Published: July 2024

Background: The use of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORis) in kidney transplantation increases the risk of donor-specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody formation and rejection. Here, we investigated the long-term consequences of early mTORi treatment compared to calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) treatment. Methods: In this retrospective single-center analysis, key outcome parameters were compared between patients participating in randomized controlled immunosuppression trials between 1998 and 2011, with complete follow-up until 2018. The outcomes of eligible patients on a CNI-based regimen (n = 384) were compared with those of patients randomized to a CNI-free mTORi-based regimen (n = 81) and 76 patients randomized to a combination of CNI and mTORi treatments. All data were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat (ITT) principle. Results: Deviation from randomized immunosuppression for clinical reasons occurred significantly more often and much earlier in both mTORi-containing regimens than in the CNI treatment. Overall patient survival, graft survival, and death-censored graft survival did not differ between the treatment groups. Donor-specific HLA antibody formation and BPARs were significantly more common in both mTORi regimens than in the CNI-based immunosuppression. Conclusions: The tolerability and efficacy of the mTORi treatment in kidney graft recipients are inferior to those of CNI-based immunosuppression, while the long-term patient and graft survival rates were similar.
Is Conduction System Pacing Going to Be the New Gold Standard for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy?
Authors: Derndorfer Michael , Kollias Georgios , Martinek Martin , Pürerfellner Helmut
Published: July 2024

The current gold standard in device therapy for advanced heart failure (HF), which has been firmly established in HF management for more than 25 years, is classical biventricular pacing (BiV-CRT). In the last decade, a new pacing modality called conduction system pacing (CSP) has emerged as a variant for advanced cardiac device therapy. It provides pacing with preserved intrinsic cardiac activation by direct stimulation of the specific cardiac conduction system. The term CSP integrates the modalities of HIS bundle pacing (HBP) and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP), both of which have provided convincing data in smaller randomized and big non-randomized studies for the prevention of pacemaker-induced cardiomyopathy and for providing effective cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with classical CRT-indication (primary approach or after failed CRT). Recent American guidelines proposed the term “cardiac physiological pacing” (CPP), which summarizes CSP including left ventricular septal pacing (LVSP), a technical variant of LBBAP together with classical BiV-CRT. The terms HOT-CRT (HIS-optimized CRT) and LOT-CRT (LBBP-optimized CRT) describe hybrid technologies that combine CSP with an additional coronary-sinus electrode, which is sometimes useful in patients with advanced HF and diffuse interventricular conduction delay. If CSP continues providing promising data that can be confirmed in big, randomized trials, it is likely to become the new gold standard for patients with an expected high percentage of pacing (>20%), possibly also for cardiac resynchronization therapy. CSP is a sophisticated new treatment option that has the potential to raise the term “cardiac resynchronization therapy” to a new level. The aim of this review is to provide basic technical, anatomical, and functional knowledge of these new pacemaker techniques in order to facilitate the understanding of the different modalities, as well as to provide an up-to-date overview of the existing randomized and non-randomized evidence, particularly in direct comparison to right ventricular and classical biventricular pacing.
Evolution and Effects of Ad Hoc Multidisciplinary Team Meetings in the Emergency Intensive Care Unit: A Five-Year Analysis
Authors: Yumoto Tetsuya , Hongo Takashi , Obara Takafumi , Ageta Kohei , Aokage Toshiyuki , Tsukahara Kohei , Nakao Atsunori , Naito Hiromichi
Published: July 2024

Background: Multidisciplinary team meetings (MDTMs) are crucial in the ICU. However, daily rounds may not address all sensitive issues due to time constraints and the complexity of cases. This study aimed to describe detailed information and characteristics of ad hoc MDTMs in the ICU. Methods: This single-center, retrospective study analyzed adult emergency ICU admissions at Okayama University Hospital from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2023. During this period, weekly regular multidisciplinary team ICU rounds were introduced in June 2020, and regular weekday morning MDTMs began in April 2022. A multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the impact of these changes on the frequency of ad hoc MDTMs, adjusting for variables including annual changes. Results: The study analyzed 2487 adult EICU patients, with a median age of 66, and 63.3% of them male. MDTMs were held for 168 patients (6.8%), typically those with severe conditions, including higher COVID-19 prevalence and APACHE II scores, and longer ICU stays. Despite a constant total number of MDTMs, the likelihood of conducting ad hoc MDTMs increased annually (adjusted OR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.04–1.35). Of the 329 MDTMs conducted for these patients, 59.0% addressed end-of-life care, involving an average of 11 participants, mainly nurses and emergency and critical-care physicians. Conclusions: Changes in ICU round and meeting structures might be associated with a higher frequency of conducting ad hoc MDTMs, highlighting their evolving role and importance in patient care management.
Transdiagnostic Assessment of Temporal Experience (TATE) in Mental Disorders—Empirical Validation and Adaptation of a Structured Phenomenological Interview
Authors: Szuła Anastazja , Moskalewicz Marcin , Stanghellini Giovanni
Published: July 2024

Abnormal experiences of time (ATEs) are an established object of research in phenomenological psychopathology. Objective: The purpose of this study was the first validation of the Transdiagnostic Assessment of Temporal Experience (TATE), a structured phenomenological interview concerning ATEs in individuals with diverse mental health conditions, and its adaptation for the Polish language. Methods: The research employed a mixed-method approach and consisted of several phases including (1) consensual translation; (2) construct and content validation by an expert panel; (3) direct feedback from patients with lived experiences of alcohol addiction, borderline personality, autism, and clinical depression; (4) an auditorium questionnaire with 98 respondents without mental health issues, who were both interviewed and gave qualitative feedback; and (5) a final expert panel and approval. Results: Following multiple stages of modification, the final TATE demonstrates strong internal consistency and validity (Cronbach’s α = 0.9), with strong correlations between the frequency, intensity, and impairment of various forms of ATEs as well as their rare occurrence among healthy participants. Conclusions: TATE represents a multidimensional and structured quantitative phenomenological approach to temporal experience for psychiatry and clinical psychology. This article presents the validated version of TATE for Polish alongside updated administration guidelines. It is now the state-of-the-art TATE that may be further adapted to other languages, including English.
Influence of Examiner Experience on the Measurement of Bone-Loss by Low-Dose Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: An Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Ruetters Maurice , Alexandrou Korallia , Ciardo Antonio , Awounvo Sinclair , Gehrig Holger , Kim Ti-Sun , Lux Christopher J. , Sen Sinan
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of examiner experience on measurements of bone-loss using high-dose (HD) and low-dose (LD) CBCT. Three diagnosticians with varying levels of CBCT interpretation experience measured bone-loss from CBCT scans of three cadaveric heads at 30 sites, conducting measurements twice. Between the first and second measurements, diagnostician 2 and diagnostician 3 received training in LD-CBCT diagnostics. The diagnosticians also classified the certainty of their measurements using a three-grade scale. The accuracy of bone-loss measurements was assessed using the absolute difference between observed and clinical measurements and compared among diagnosticians with different experience levels for both HD and LD-CBCT. At baseline, there was a significant difference in measurement accuracy between diagnostician 1 and diagnostician 2, and between diagnostician 1 and diagnostician 3, but not between diagnostician 2 and diagnostician 3. Training improved the accuracy of both HD-CBCT and LD-CBCT measurements in diagnostician 2, and of LD-CBCT measurements in diagnostician 3. Regarding measurement certainty, there was a significant difference among diagnosticians before training. Training enhanced the certainty for diagnosticians 2 and 3, with a significant improvement noted only for diagnostician 3. Examiner experience level significantly impacts the accuracy and certainty of bone-loss measurements using HD- and LD-CBCT.
Deep Learning for Single-Shot Structured Light Profilometry: A Comprehensive Dataset and Performance Analysis
Authors: Evans Rhys G. , Devlieghere Ester , Keijzer Robrecht , Dirckx Joris J. J. , Van der Jeught Sam
Published: July 2024

In 3D optical metrology, single-shot deep learning-based structured light profilometry (SS-DL-SLP) has gained attention because of its measurement speed, simplicity of optical setup, and robustness to noise and motion artefacts. However, gathering a sufficiently large training dataset for these techniques remains challenging because of practical limitations. This paper presents a comprehensive DL-SLP dataset of over 10,000 physical data couples. The dataset was constructed by 3D-printing a calibration target featuring randomly varying surface profiles and storing the height profiles and the corresponding deformed fringe patterns. Our dataset aims to serve as a benchmark for evaluating and comparing different models and network architectures in DL-SLP. We performed an analysis of several established neural networks, demonstrating high accuracy in obtaining full-field height information from previously unseen fringe patterns. In addition, the network was validated on unique objects to test the overall robustness of the trained model. To facilitate further research and promote reproducibility, all code and the dataset are made publicly available. This dataset will enable researchers to explore, develop, and benchmark novel DL-based approaches for SS-DL-SLP.
A Study of Drilling Parameter Optimization of Functionally Graded Material Steel–Aluminum Alloy Using 3D Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Galal Ahmed M. , Elsherbiny Abdallah. A. , AbouEleaz Mona A.
Published: July 2024

Composite materials, such as aluminum alloy FGMs, provide advantageous weight reduction properties compared to homogenous pure structures while still preserving sufficient stiffness for diverse applications. Despite various research on drilling simulation concepts and ideas for these materials, there still needs to be an agreement on the process modeling. Researchers have looked into a lot of different numerical methods, including Lagrangian, Eulerian, arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE), and coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL), to find solutions to problems like divergence issues and too much mesh distribution, which become more of a problem at higher speeds. This research provides a global analysis of bottom-up meshing for eleven 1 mm layers using ABAQUS® software. It combines the internal surface contact approach with the Lagrangian domain’s kinematic framework. The model uses the Johnson–Cook constitutive equation to precisely predict cutting forces, stress, and strain distributions, optimizing cutting parameters to improve drilling performance. According to Taguchi analysis, the most favorable parameters for reducing cutting force and improving performance are a rotational speed of 700 rpm, a feed rate of 1 mm/s, and a depth of cut of 3 mm. The findings suggest that increasing the feed rate and depth of cut substantially affects the cutting force, while the rotational speed has a comparatively little effect. These ideal settings serve as a foundation for improving FGM drilling efficiency.
Evaluation of Material Extrusion Printed PEEK Mold Inserts for Usage in Ceramic Injection Molding
Authors: Hanemann Thomas , Klein Alexander , Walter Heinz , Wilhelm David , Antusch Steffen
Published: July 2024

The rapid tooling of mold inserts for injection molding allows for very fast product development, as well as a highly customized design. For this, a combination of rapid prototyping methods with suitable polymer materials, like the high-performance thermoplastic polymer polyetheretherketone (PEEK), should be applied. As a drawback, a huge processing temperature beyond 400 °C is necessary for material extrusion (MEX)-based 3D printing; here, Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) requires a more sophisticated printing parameter investigation. In this work, suitable MEX printing strategies, covering printing parameters like printing temperature and speed, for the realization of two different mold insert surface geometries were evaluated, and the resulting print quality was inspected. As a proof of concept, ceramic injection molding was used for replication. Under consideration of the two different test structures, the ceramic feedstock could be replicated successfully and to an acceptable quality without significant mold insert deterioration.
Material Parameter Identification for a Stress-State-Dependent Ductile Damage and Failure Model Applied to Clinch Joining
Authors: Friedlein Johannes , Böhnke Max , Schlichter Malte , Bobbert Mathias , Meschut Gerson , Mergheim Julia , Steinmann Paul
Published: July 2024

Similar to bulk metal forming, clinch joining is characterised by large plastic deformations and a variety of different 3D stress states, including severe compression. However, inherent to plastic forming is the nucleation and growth of defects, whose detrimental effects on the material behaviour can be described by continuum damage models and eventually lead to material failure. As the damage evolution strongly depends on the stress state, a stress-state-dependent model is utilised to correctly track the accumulation. To formulate and parameterise this model, besides classical experiments, so-called modified punch tests are also integrated herein to enhance the calibration of the failure model by capturing a larger range of stress states and metal-forming-specific loading conditions. Moreover, when highly ductile materials are considered, such as the dual-phase steel HCT590X and the aluminium alloy EN AW-6014 T4 investigated here, strong necking and localisation might occur prior to fracture. This can alter the stress state and affect the actual strain at failure. This influence is captured by coupling plasticity and damage to incorporate the damage-induced softening effect. Its relative importance is shown by conducting inverse parameter identifications to determine damage and failure parameters for both mentioned ductile metals based on up to 12 different experiments.
Event-Triggered Neural Adaptive Distributed Cooperative Control for the Multi-Tug Towing of Unactuated Offshore Platform with Uncertainties and Unknown Disturbances
Authors: Geng Shaolong , Tuo Yulong , Wang Yuanhui , Peng Zhouhua , Wang Shasha
Published: July 2024

An event-triggered neural adaptive cooperative control is proposed for the towing system (TS) with model parameter uncertainties and unknown disturbances. Different from ordinary multi-vessel formation control, the tugs and unactuated offshore platform in the TS are connected together by towlines, and the resultant tension of the towlines serves as the actual drag force for the platform. Initially, based on the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), an adaptive RBFNN is designed to compensate unknown disturbances and model parameter uncertainties of the TS, and we use minimal learning parameter (MLP) algorithm to reduce the online learning parameters of adaptive RBFNN. Combined with dynamic surface technology and event-triggered control (ETC) mechanism, an event-triggered neural adaptive virtual controller is designed to obtain the desired drag force of the platform. According to the quadratic programming algorithm, the desired drag force is allocated as the desired tensions of towlines. Subsequently, the desired towline length and the desired position information of the tugs are obtained sequentially through the towline model and the position relationship between the tugs and the platform. Then, according to the desired positions of tugs, an event-triggered neural adaptive distributed cooperative controller is designed for achieving the multi-tug towing of the offshore platform. The ETC mechanism is introduced to reduce the communication burden within the TS and the execution frequency of the tugs’ thrusters. Finally, the stability of the closed-loop system is proven using the Lyapunov theory, and the ETC mechanism proves that no Zeno behavior occurs. The effectiveness of the ETC mechanism and the MLP-based adaptive RBFNN on the controllers of TS is verified through simulations and comparison analysis.
Prediction of Pier Scour Depth under Extreme Typhoon Storm Tide
Authors: Li Zongyu , Lin Weiwei , Chu Dongdong , Liu Feng , Sun Zhilin , Yang Wankang , Huang Hanming , Xu Dan
Published: July 2024

The Western Pacific region is highly vulnerable to typhoon storm surge disasters, with localized erosion posing a particularly prominent issue for coastal marine structures. The prevalence of extreme typhoon storm surges poses a significant threat to the safety of engineering projects in these areas. In this study, a parameterized wind field model with precise calculation of wind speed was employed to establish a numerical model for typhoon storm tides. Based on the Western Pacific typhoon data from 1949 to 2023, hydraulic simulations were conducted for Hangzhou Bay, Xiangshan Port, and Yueqing Bay, revealing maximum flow velocities of 4.5 m/s, 1.95 m/s, and 2.09 m/s, respectively. These velocities exceeded the maximum possible tidal flow by 0.47–1.17 m/s. Additionally, using Sun’s velocity formula, the initiation flow velocities were calculated to be 1.85 m/s, 1.81 m/s, and 2.06 m/s for the aforementioned locations. Through localized erosion tests conducted around typical bridge piers and the subsequent application of similarity criteria, the maximum depth of localized erosion in the study area was determined to range from 2.16 m to 16.1 m, which corresponds to 1.1–2.3 times the scour caused by the maximum tidal flow scenario. A comparison of the erosion test results with calculations based on several formulas demonstrated that the scour prediction formula proposed by Sun exhibited the highest accuracy. This study supplements the understanding of the impact of typhoon storm surges on bridge pier erosion and provides a scientific basis for the design of bridge foundations.
Distributed Optimization-Based Path Planning for Multiple Unmanned Surface Vehicles to Pass through Narrow Waters
Authors: Li Shuo , Teng Fei , Xiao Geyang , Zhao Haoran
Published: July 2024

Safety and efficiency are important when Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) pass through narrow waters in complex marine environments. This paper considers the issue of path planning for USVs passing through narrow waterways. We propose a distributed optimization algorithm based on a polymorphic network architecture, which maintains connectivity and avoids collisions between USVs while planning optimal paths. Firstly, the initial path through the narrow waterway is planned for each USV using the narrow water standard route method, and then the interpolating spline method is used to determine its corresponding functional form and rewrite the function as a local cost function for the USV. Secondly, a polymorphic network architecture and a distributed optimization algorithm were designed for multi-USVs to maintain connectivity and avoid collisions between USVs, and to optimize the initial paths of the multi-USV system. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by Lyapunov stability analysis. Finally, Lingshui Harbor of Dalian Maritime University and a curved narrow waterway were selected for the simulation experiments, and the results demonstrate that the paths planned by multiple USVs were optimal and collision-free, with velocities achieving consistency within a finite time.
Leaky Wave Modes and Edge Waves in Land-Fast Ice Split by Parallel Cracks
Authors: Marchenko Aleksey , Johnson Mark , Brazhnikov Dmitry
Published: July 2024

In this paper we consider flexural-gravity waves propagating in a layer of water of constant depth limited by a vertical wall simulating a straight coastline. The water surface is covered with an elastic ice sheet of constant thickness. The ice sheet is split by one or two straight cracks parallel to the coastline, simulating the structure of land-fast ice with a refrozen lead. Analytical solutions of hydrodynamic equations describing the interaction of flexural-gravity waves with the ice sheet and cracks have been constructed and studied. In this paper, the amplification of the amplitude of incident waves between the shoreline and cracks was described depending on the incident angle of the wave coming from offshore. The constructed solutions allow the existence of edge waves propagating along the coastline and attenuated offshore. The energy of edge waves is trapped between the coastline and ice cracks. The application of the constructed solutions to describe wave phenomena observed in the land-fast ice of the Arctic shelf of Alaska is discussed.
Seasonal and Interannual Variability in Sea Surface Temperature Fronts in the Levantine Basin, Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Akpınar Anıl
Published: July 2024

Sea surface temperature (SST) fronts were analyzed in the Levantine Basin of the Mediterranean Sea over a 20-year period (2003–2022) using a high-resolution (~1 km) satellite dataset. Frontal gradients were strongest in regions of freshwater influence and around the Ierapetra eddies and Rhodes Gyre. Seasonally, maximum frontal activity was observed in fall and summer. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis revealed both monthly-to-seasonal variability and interannual variability in frontal gradients. Seasonal frontal variability is partially explained by atmospheric forcing; that is, wind stress curl (WSC) and net air–sea heat flux. The maximum frontal activity was observed in 2006, coinciding with the strongest WSC magnitude. The minimum frontal activity was observed in 2017, which saw the largest winter heat loss to the atmosphere. The highest frontal activity was typically observed in years with mild winters followed by strong Etesian winds. Over the study period (2003–2022), frontal gradients declined in the Levantine Basin. Our results suggest that years with a strong frontal boundary current (Asia Minor Current; AMC) coincide with reduced cross-shelf transport. Subsequent studies are recommended to concentrate on the variability in the frontal intensity of the AMC and associated cross-shelf transports, which are important for the oligotrophic Levantine Basin.
Photogrammetry of the Deep Seafloor from Archived Unmanned Submersible Exploration Dives
Authors: Flores Claudia H. , ten Brink Uri S.
Published: July 2024

Large amounts of video images have been collected for decades by scientific and governmental organizations in deep (>1000 m) water using manned and unmanned submersibles and towed cameras. The collected images were analyzed individually or were mosaiced in small areas with great effort. Here, we provide a workflow for utilizing modern photogrammetry to construct virtual geological outcrops hundreds or thousands of meters in length from these archived video images. The photogrammetry further allows quantitative measurements of these outcrops, which were previously unavailable. Although photogrammetry had been carried out in recent years in the deep sea, it had been limited to small areas with pre-defined overlapping dive paths. Here, we propose a workflow for constructing virtual outcrops from archived exploration dives, which addresses the complicating factors posed by single non-linear and variable-speed vehicle paths. These factors include poor navigation, variable lighting, differential color attenuation due to variable distance from the seafloor, and variable camera orientation with respect to the vehicle. In particular, the lack of accurate navigation necessitates reliance on image quality and the establishment of pseudo-ground-control points to build the photogrammetry model. Our workflow offers an inexpensive method for analyzing deep-sea geological environments from existing video images, particularly when coupled with rock samples.
Two New Species of the Genus Diderma (Physarales, Didymiaceae) in China with an Addition to the Distribution
Authors: Li Xuefei , Tuo Yonglan , Li You , Hu Jiajun , Sossah Frederick Leo , Dai Dan , Liu Minghao , Guo Yanfang , Zhang Bo , Li Xiao , Li Yu
Published: July 2024

Myxomycetes are an important component of terrestrial ecosystems, and in order to understand their diversity and phylogenetic relationships, taxonomic issues need to be addressed. In our 1985–2021 biodiversity investigations in Shaanxi Province, Jilin Province, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hubei Province, and Henan Province, China, Diderma samples were observed on rotten leaves, rotten branches, and dead wood. The samples were studied, based on morphological features coupled with multigene phylogenetic analyses of nSSU, EF-1α, and COI sequence data, which revealed two new species (Diderma shaanxiense sp. nov. and D. clavatocolumellum sp. nov.) and two known species (D. radiatum and D. globosum). In addition, D. radiatum and D. globosum were newly recorded in Henan Province and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, respectively. The paper includes comprehensive descriptions, detailed micrographs, and the outcomes of phylogenetic analyses for both the newly discovered and known species. Additionally, it offers morpho-logical comparisons between the new species and similar ones.
New Species and Records of Pleurotheciaceae from Karst Landscapes in Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Wang Wen-Peng , Bhat Darbhe J. , Yang Lin , Shen Hong-Wei , Luo Zong-Long
Published: July 2024

Pleurotheciaceae is a genera-rich and highly diverse family of fungi with a worldwide distribution in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. During the investigation of lignicolous freshwater fungi from karst landscapes in Yunnan Province, China, 15 fresh strains were obtained from submerged decaying wood. Based on the morphology and phylogenetic analysis of a combined LSU, ITS, SSU, and rpb2 sequence dataset, Obliquifusoideum triseptatum, Phaeoisaria obovata, Pleurotheciella brachyspora, Pl. longidenticulata, and Pl. obliqua were introduced as new species, P. synnematica and Rhexoacrodictys melanospora were reported as new habitat records, and P. sedimenticola and Pl. hyalospora were reported as new collections. In addition, based on morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, we accepted Obliquifusoideum into in the family Pleurotheciaceae (Pleurotheciales, Savoryellomycetidae). Freshwater habitats are the primary habitats of Pleurotheciaceae species, and Yunnan Province has the highest concentration and species diversity of Pleurotheciaceae in China.
Personal Networks, Board Structures and Corporate Fraud in Japan
Authors: Osada Takeshi , Vera David , Hashimoto Taketoshi
Published: July 2024

We examine the impact of corporate governance and personal networks on corporate fraud in Japanese companies, using panel logit and Cox proportional hazard models to analyze fraud occurrence and detection. This study focuses on the effects of Japan’s recent corporate governance reform and explores the unique influence of personal networks. Our key findings indicate that recent changes in corporate governance in Japan have been effective in preventing the occurrence of fraud and accelerating its detection. Additionally, stronger personal networks among board members help prevent fraud concealment, highlighting cultural differences in the effectiveness of personal networks in corporate governance compared to findings from Europe and the US.
How to Plan Urban Parks and the Surrounding Buildings to Maximize the Cooling Effect: A Case Study in Xi’an, China
Authors: Wu Tianji , Wang Xuhui , Xuan Le , Yan Zhaoyang , Wang Chao , Du Chunlei , Su Yutong , Duan Jingya , Yu Kanhua
Published: July 2024

Urban areas with parks tend to have the best outdoor thermal comfort in regions with high urban heat island effects during summer. This study analyzed the synergistic cooling effects of 94 urban parks and the adjacent built-up areas in six districts of Xi’an City using four cooling indicators: park cooling intensity (PCI), park cooling area (PCA), park cooling effect (PCE), and park cooling gradient (PCG). The results showed that 84 out of 94 parks exhibited significant cooling effects, with an average PCI of 1.98 °C, PCA of 51.7 ha, PCE of 6.6, and PCG of 8.2 °C/km. Correlation analyses indicated that the intrinsic park attributes, external buffer zone building height, and building density were the main factors affecting the cooling effect. The park landscape configuration, building height, and density significantly influenced the PCI and PCG, while the park shape and size were crucial for the PCA (positive) and PCE (negative). The optimal park areas for improving the thermal environment were identified as 26 ha (cooling area focus, building density <13%) and 15 ha (cooling intensity focus, building height <21 m, density >32%). This study provides theoretical guidance for planning urban parks and the surrounding areas based on cooling effects, offering insights for future climate resilience planning.
Characterization of Rural Spatial Commodification Patterns around Metropolitan Areas and Analysis of Influential Factors: Case Study in Shanghai
Authors: Fang Yifan , Qiao Jing , Geng Hong
Published: July 2024

Rural areas around developed metropolitan areas continue to attract capital inflows, promoting rural spatial commodification. Taking Shanghai as a case study, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the spatial distribution pattern and the influencing factors of rural spatial commodification (RSC) through kernel density analysis, multiple regression models, and spatial autocorrelation analysis. This study explores four types of RSC at the township scale outside the center of Shanghai: agricultural product-oriented commodification, farm housing commodification, tourism-oriented commodification, and construction land commodification. The results show the following: (1) The four types of RSC show positive spatial correlation, a clear pattern of agglomeration, and an obvious core–edge pattern, with high-density areas distributed in rural areas with specific advantages around metropolitan areas. The distribution of RSC also demonstrates an obvious polarization, forming an uneven distribution pattern. (2) Socio-economic factors, agriculture, transportation location, urbanization, and industrialization are key factors driving RSC. (3) Different types of RSC should be effectively guided at the policy and planning levels according to regional conditions and development stages to enhance the spatial organization of rural regions and achieve the effective revitalization of the countryside surrounding the metropolis.
How Does Digital Inclusive Finance Policy Affect the Carbon Emission Intensity of Industrial Land in the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China? Evidence from Intermediary and Threshold Effects
Authors: Wang Linlin , Zhou Zixin , Chen Yi , Zeng Liangen , Dai Linlin
Published: July 2024

Digital inclusive finance (DIF) is a strategic tool that fosters the green transformation of the industrial economy. Based on the data from the 11 provinces and municipalities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China between 2012 and 2021, This paper utilizes the Tobit, intermediary effect, and threshold effect models to empirically study the impact of DIF on the industrial land carbon emission intensity (ILCEI). This paper reaches the following conclusions: (1) The ILCEI in the region revealed a downward trend during the study period. There are substantial differences in carbon ILCEI; higher upstream and lower downstream. The average ILCEI in the lower reach provinces is 0.5829 ton/m2 during the research period, while that in the upper reach region is 1.0104 ton/m2. (2) DIF has a significantly inhibitory effect on the ILCEI; this effect has nonlinear characteristics. The impact of DIF on ILCEI exhibits a marginally diminishing trend as the industrial land economic agglomeration degree improves. (3) Regarding the transmission mechanism, the level of industrial R&D investment plays a primary intermediary role in the impact of DIF on ILCEI. (4) Concerning control variables, foreign investment dependence and trade contribute significantly to inhibiting ILCEI. Lastly, this paper proposes a series of measures to promote DIF to fully utilize the emission reduction effect. The research outcomes have substantial implications for the sustainable development of industrial land.
Evaluating the Role of Susceptibility Inducing Cofactors and of Acetaminophen in the Etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Jones John P. , Williamson Lauren , Konsoula Zacharoula , Anderson Rachel , Reissner Kathryn J. , Parker William
Published: July 2024

More than 20 previously reported lines of independent evidence from clinical observations, studies in laboratory animal models, pharmacokinetic considerations, and numerous temporal and spatial associations indicate that numerous genetic and environmental factors leading to inflammation and oxidative stress confer vulnerability to the aberrant metabolism of acetaminophen during early development, leading to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Contrary to this conclusion, multivariate analyses of cohort data adjusting for inflammation-associated factors have tended to show little to no risk of acetaminophen use for neurodevelopment. To resolve this discrepancy, here we use in silico methods to create an ideal (virtual) population of 120,000 individuals in which 50% of all cases of virtual ASD are induced by oxidative stress-associated cofactors and acetaminophen use. We demonstrate that Cox regression analysis of this ideal dataset shows little to no risk of acetaminophen use if the cofactors that create aberrant metabolism of acetaminophen are adjusted for in the analysis. Further, under-reporting of acetaminophen use is shown to be a considerable problem for this analysis, leading to large and erroneously low calculated risks of acetaminophen use. In addition, we argue that factors that impart susceptibility to acetaminophen-induced injury, and propensity for acetaminophen use itself, can be shared between the prepartum, peripartum, and postpartum periods, creating additional difficulty in the analysis of existing datasets to determine risks of acetaminophen exposure for neurodevelopment during a specific time frame. It is concluded that risks of acetaminophen use for neurodevelopment obtained from multivariate analysis of cohort data depend on underlying assumptions in the analyses, and that other evidence, both abundant and robust, demonstrate the critical role of acetaminophen in the etiology of ASD.
The Brain–Heart Axis: An Umbrella Review on Impact of Psychiatric Disease on Incidence, Management, and Outlook of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Mazza Marianna , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe , Lisci Francesco Maria , Brisi Caterina , Sfratta Greta , Rossi Sara , Traversi Gianandrea , Gaetani Eleonora , Pola Roberto , Morini Sofia , Romagnoli Enrico , Simeoni Benedetta , Covino Marcello , Marano Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

Psychiatric conditions, such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, are increasingly recognized as significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review systematically analyzes evidence from various databases to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of psychiatric illnesses on the incidence, management, and prognosis of CVD. Key findings suggest a bidirectional relationship between psychiatric disorders and CVD, indicating that mental health conditions can predispose individuals to CVD, while CVD can exacerbate or trigger psychiatric symptoms. The review explores the underlying mechanisms of these associations, including behavioral factors, stress responses, and medication side effects. It also examines the challenges in managing CVD patients with comorbid psychiatric conditions, emphasizing the importance for integrated care approaches. This review underscores the necessity of considering mental health as an integral component of cardiovascular care and calls for further research to develop tailored management strategies for these complex conditions, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights for future investigations and guides clinicians in optimizing care for patients with both psychiatric and cardiovascular conditions.
Effects of Endurance Training on Antioxidant and Hormonal Status in Peripheral Blood of Young Healthy Men
Authors: Stojiljković Stanimir , Gavrilović Ljubica , Pejić Snežana , Pajović Snežana B. , Macura Marija , Nikolić Dragan , Bubanj Saša , Stojiljković Vesna
Published: July 2024

(1) Background: Physical activity may cause an imbalance in the major functions of the human body. This study aimed to investigate the effects of endurance running training on the parameters of the antioxidant defense system (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GSH), LPO (malondialdehyde, MDA), and stress hormones (A, NA) in young healthy, previously untrained men. (2) Methods: The training program was as follows: 8 weeks of running, three times per week; the duration of a single session was 30–70 min, the intensity was twice a week in the so-called extensive endurance zone, and once a week in the anaerobic threshold zone. Blood samples were collected from the subjects, before and after the running program. (3) Results: The training program resulted in a significant increase in maximal oxygen consumption (p < 0.001). The activities of SOD, GPx, and GR also increased significantly (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.05, respectively), while CAT activity and GSH and MDA concentrations remained unchanged. The concentration of A decreased (p < 0.05), while the NA concentration increased significantly (p < 0.05). SOD, GPx, GR, and NA positively correlated with VO2max (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05, respectively), while a negative correlation was detected between A and VO2max (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: These results indicate that there is no persistent oxidative stress in response to the applied 8-week running program, probably due to exercise-induced protective alterations in the antioxidant defense system. Furthermore, adaptations occurred at the hormonal level, making the organism more ready for a new challenge.
Emerging Role of Biologic Drugs Targeting IL-17 and IL-23: Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris
Authors: Potestio Luca , D’Agostino Michela , Portarapillo Antonio , Esposito Valeria , Tommasino Nello , Salsano Antonia , Guerriero Luigi , Martora Fabrizio , Megna Matteo
Published: July 2024

Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare, papulosquamous, inflammatory skin disease. PRP represents a therapeutic challenge. The rarity of this disease and its possible spontaneous remission makes the conduction and interpretation of therapeutic studies particularly difficult. Moreover, PRP not infrequently proves resistant to common topical and conventional systemic therapies. In this context, numerous biologic agents have been reported in PRP treatment. The aim of our manuscript was to review the current literature to evaluate the possible role of biologics targeting the IL17/23 axis in PRP management. Recent cases in the literature have highlighted the use of several promising drugs: IL-17 inhibitors, IL-23 inhibitors, and the IL-12/23p40 inhibitor ustekinumab. However, it should be noted that all these drugs are approved for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and their use in PRP is off label. The treatment of PRP is based on clinical experience, case reports or case series reported in the literature, as randomized controlled trials are difficult to conduct due to the rarity of the condition. Despite data on the efficacy of drugs targeting IL-17 and IL-23 being promising, they are still limited. Certainly, further studies are desirable to better characterize PRP and establish shared guidelines.
Shifting the Cancer Screening Paradigm: Developing a Multi-Biomarker Class Approach to Multi-Cancer Early Detection Testing
Authors: Kisiel John B. , Ebbert Jon O. , Taylor William R. , Marinac Catherine R. , Choudhry Omair A. , Rego Seema P. , Beer Tomasz M. , Beidelschies Michelle A.
Published: July 2024

Guideline-recommended screening programs exist for only a few cancer types. Although all these programs are understood to lead to reductions in cancer-related mortality, standard-of-care screening tests vary in accuracy, adherence and effectiveness. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies and machine learning have facilitated the development of blood-based multi-cancer cancer early detection (MCED) tests. MCED tests are positioned to be complementary to standard-of-care screening and they may broaden screening availability, especially for individuals who are not adherent with current screening programs and for individuals who may harbor cancers with no available screening options. In this article, we outline some key features that should be considered for study design and MCED test development, provide an example of the developmental pathway undertaken for an emerging multi-biomarker class MCED test and propose a clinical algorithm for an imaging-based diagnostic resolution strategy following MCED testing.
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Interventional Clinical Trials in High-Grade Glioma Therapy
Authors: Angione Angelo , Patterson Jonathan , Akca Ebrar , Xu Jessica , Xu Emily , Raab Vanessa , Elghawy Omar , Barsouk Adam A. , Sussman Jonathan H.
Published: July 2024

High-grade glioma is the most frequent and lethal primary tumor of the central nervous system. Despite advances in surgical, pharmacological, and cell-directed therapies, there have been no updates to the standard of care in over a decade. This cross-sectional study analyzes patient and trial data from 201 interventional trials completed between 2010 and 2023, encompassing 18,563 participants. Although we found that all trials reported participant age and sex, only 52% of trials reported participant demographics, resulting in 51% of total participant demographics being unreported. The majority of studies did not report ethnicity, with approximately 60% of participants unreported. Additionally, males were significantly underrepresented in trials, comprising 60% of participants despite representing 75% of glioblastoma patients. Improved demographic reporting has been observed since 2011; however, it is inconsistent. Furthermore, we cataloged the geographic diversity of trials across the United States and found significant coverage deserts in relatively rural, but highly affected, areas such as Montana and Maine. We found a wider distribution of trials in both urban and wealthier regions, which indicates extensive coverage gaps and decreased access to participation for patients of a lower socioeconomic status.
Principles and Methods for Improving the Thermoelectric Performance of SiC: A Potential High-Temperature Thermoelectric Material
Authors: Xing Yun , Ren Bo , Li Bin , Chen Junhong , Yin Shu , Lin Huan , Liu Jie , Chen Haiyang
Published: July 2024

Thermoelectric materials that can convert thermal energy to electrical energy are stable and long-lasting and do not emit greenhouse gases; these properties render them useful in novel power generation devices that can conserve and utilize lost heat. SiC exhibits good mechanical properties, excellent corrosion resistance, high-temperature stability, non-toxicity, and environmental friendliness. It can withstand elevated temperatures and thermal shock and is well suited for thermoelectric conversions in high-temperature and harsh environments, such as supersonic vehicles and rockets. This paper reviews the potential of SiC as a high-temperature thermoelectric and third-generation wide-bandgap semiconductor material. Recent research on SiC thermoelectric materials is reviewed, and the principles and methods for optimizing the thermoelectric properties of SiC are discussed. Thus, this paper may contribute to increasing the application potential of SiC for thermoelectric energy conversion at high temperatures.