bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of artificial intelligence and human-based prediction and stratification of the risk of long-term kidney allograft failure
Authors: Divard Gillian , Raynaud Marc , Tatapudi Vasishta S. , Abdalla Basmah , Bailly Elodie , Assayag Maureen , Binois Yannick , Cohen Raphael , Zhang Huanxi , Ulloa Camillo , Linhares Kamila , Tedesco Helio S. , Legendre Christophe , Jouven Xavier , Montgomery Robert A. , Lefaucheur Carmen , Aubert Olivier , Loupy Alexandre
Published: November 2022

Background

Clinical decisions are mainly driven by the ability of physicians to apply risk stratification to patients. However, this task is difficult as it requires complex integration of numerous parameters and is impacted by patient heterogeneity. We sought to evaluate the ability of transplant physicians to predict the risk of long-term allograft failure and compare them to a validated artificial intelligence (AI) prediction algorithm.

Methods

We randomly selected 400 kidney transplant recipients from a qualified dataset of 4000 patients. For each patient, 44 features routinely collected during the first-year post-transplant were compiled in an electronic health record (EHR). We enrolled 9 transplant physicians at various career stages. At 1-year post-transplant, they blindly predicted the long-term graft survival with probabilities for each patient. Their predictions were compared with those of a validated prediction system (iBox). We assessed the determinants of each physician’s prediction using a random forest survival model.

Results

Among the 400 patients included, 84 graft failures occurred at 7 years post-evaluation. The iBox system demonstrates the best predictive performance with a discrimination of 0.79 and a median calibration error of 5.79%, while physicians tend to overestimate the risk of graft failure. Physicians’ risk predictions show wide heterogeneity with a moderate intraclass correlation of 0.58. The determinants of physicians’ prediction are disparate, with poor agreement regardless of their clinical experience.

Conclusions

This study shows the overall limited performance and consistency of physicians to predict the risk of long-term graft failure, demonstrated by the superior performances of the iBox. This study supports the use of a companion tool to help physicians in their prognostic judgement and decision-making in clinical care.
An alkali-resistant zirconium-biligand organic framework with dual-metal centers for highly selective capture of phosphopeptides
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyu , Zhang Hongyan , Wang Li , Wu Ren'an
Published: November 2022

A biligand Zr-MOF (biUIO-66–NH2NO2) with alkali-resistance performance and active functional groups has been synthesized, which was further immobilized of Zr4+ ions as biDZMOF for global phosphopeptides enrichment.
Understanding cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene–copper complex catalysed N–H and O–H bond addition to electron deficient olefins
Authors: Tyagi Akshi , Mondal Sunita , Anmol  , Tiwari Vikas , Karmakar Tarak , Kundu Subrata
Published: November 2022

The cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene–copper complex (CAAC–CuCl) showed an excellent performance towards the hydroamination and hydroalkoxylation reactions of electron deficient olefins. Theoretical investigations revealed the mechanism of these reactions.
DNA framework carriers with asymmetric hydrophobic drug patterns for enhanced cellular cytotoxicity
Authors: Zhao Yan , Guo Linjie , Cao Shuting , Xie Mo , Peng Hongzhen , Li Jiang , Luo Shihua , Ma Lan , Wang Lihua
Published: November 2022

The asymmetric hydrophobic drug patterns created on DNA frameworks induced enhanced cellular cytotoxicity.
Relationship between Co-related optical centres and nitrogen impurities in large single crystals of diamond grown in Co–C system under HPHT conditions
Authors: Song Yuanwen , Fang Chao , Mu Yuhu , Li Yadong , Shen Weixia , Zhang Zhuangfei , Zhang Yuewen , Wang Qianqian , Wan Biao , Chen Liangchao , Jia Xiaopeng
Published: November 2022

Diamonds with Co-related optical centers were prepared in a Co–C system and the effect of N impurities was analysed.
DFT study of hydrogen interaction with transition metal doped graphene for efficient hydrogen storage: effect of d-orbital occupancy and Kubas interaction
Authors: Raja K. Karthick , Anusuya T. , Kumar Vivek
Published: November 2022

Interaction and adsorption energy of H2 in transition metal doped graphene systems.
Reliable prediction of association (free) energies of supramolecular complexes with heavy main group elements – the HS13L benchmark set
Authors: Gorges Johannes , Grimme Stefan , Hansen Andreas
Published: November 2022

We introduce a set of 13 supramolecular complexes featuring diverse non-covalent interactions with heavy main group elements (Zn, As, Se, Te, Br, I), high charges (−2 up to +4), and large systems with up to 266 atoms (HS13L).
A mechanism for aragonite to post-aragonite transition in MCO3 (M = Ca, Sr and Ba) carbonates: evidence of a hidden metastable polymorph
Authors: Salvadó Miguel A. , Pertierra Pilar , Recio J. Manuel
Published: November 2022

A two-step transition path for alkaline earth carbonates via a hexagonal structure is able to clarify previous controversial results and provide useful information on the Earth's C-cycle.
Excited state proton transfer in the triplet state of 8-hydroxy-5-nitroquinoline: a transient absorption and time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopic study
Authors: Wang Ran , Zhang Fengjin , Pan Xinghang , Zheng Xuming , Xue Jiadan , Du Yong , Xie Binbin
Published: November 2022

8-Hydroxy-5-nitroquinoline is an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent. Our findings on its photochemistry reveal that it tautomerizes and dissociates in the excited state, suggesting the drug delivered should be protected from light.
Quantifying the impact of relative humidity on human exposure to gas phase squalene ozonolysis products
Authors: Lakey Pascale S. J. , Zuend Andreas , Morrison Glenn C. , Berkemeier Thomas , Wilson Jake , Arata Caleb , Goldstein Allen H. , Wilson Kevin R. , Wang Nijing , Williams Jonathan , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Shiraiwa Manabu
Published: November 2022

Models were developed to treat Criegee chemistry and estimate gas-phase squalene ozonolysis products under different conditions. Relative humidity can significantly impact human exposure to these products.
Chemical transformations of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into highly added value products: present and future
Authors: Jiang Zhiwei , Zeng Yongjian , Hu Di , Guo Ruichao , Yan Kai , Luque Rafael
Published: November 2022

HMF has excellent potential to be converted into a wide range of high added value products.
A sustainable polymer and coating system based on renewable raw materials
Authors: Hermens Johannes G. H. , Freese Thomas , Alachouzos Georgios , Lepage Mathieu L. , van den Berg Keimpe J. , Elders Niels , Feringa Ben L.
Published: November 2022

A complete biobased process towards polymers and coatings using starting materials derived from renewable resources and implementing sustainable synthetic steps.
Original end-to-end smart diagnosis framework of systematic critical quality attributes meets FDA standards of phytomedicine by biosensor and multi-information fusion coupled with AI algorithm
Authors: Ma Chaofu , Ma Lijuan , Wang Zijian , Li Nan , Li Mingshuang , Wang Jing , Wang Xiaomeng , Song Xiao , Yan Hao , Han Yanyu , Guan Yongxia , Yao Jingchun , Zhang Guimin , Wu Zhisheng
Published: November 2022

Original end-to-end smart diagnosis framework of systematic critical quality attributes for green manufacturing of phytomedicine.
Catalyst- and additive-free [3 + 3] cyclization–aromatization of β,γ-dioxobutanoate with amines for synthesis ofp-aminophenols
Authors: Qian Hang , Wang Cui-Cui , Shen Zi-Chen , Sun Ming-Xue , Zhang Hong-Chao , Fan Shiming , Feng Juan , Liu Shouxin , Zhang Zhi-Wei
Published: November 2022

A [3 + 3] cyclization–aromatization of β,γ-dioxobutanoate with amines for synthesis ofp-aminophenols under catalyst- and additive-free conditions was developed. The reaction displays high efficiency in the late-stage modification of drug molecules.
Ag@imidazolium functionalized polymeric yolk–shell hybrid nanoparticles for economical CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Liu Tuanwei , Fu Guodong , Wu Zhongjie , Kang Zhongjie , Wei Jinjian , Zhang Zhide , Yang Xinlin , Guo Dian-Shun
Published: November 2022

Yolk–shell nanoparticles (AIDNPs) with Ag nanoparticle core and imidazolium functionalized polymeric shell were prepared for CO2 photo-catalytic reduction in a competitive and economical manner in absence of photo-sensitizer or sacrifice reducing agent.
A versatile non-fouling multi-step flow reactor platform: demonstration for partial oxidation synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Besenhard Maximilian O. , Pal Sayan , Storozhuk Liudmyla , Dawes Simon , Thanh Nguyen Thi Kim , Norfolk Laura , Staniland Sarah , Gavriilidis Asterios
Published: November 2022

A modular platform designed for gas–liquid–liquid segmented flow allows to robustly feed reagents into droplets/slugs, enabling fouling-free multi-step flow syntheses. This was showcased for a partial oxidation synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles.
Alkylation of benzene using CO2and H2over ZnZrOx/ZSM-5: the effect of Y doping
Authors: Bian Guowei , Niu Pengyu , Jia Litao , Guo Heqin , Li Debao
Published: November 2022

Y doping simultaneously increases the CO2and H2activation of ZnZrOx.
Facile preparation of mesoporous silica coated nitrogen doped carbon dots for sensitive detection of picric acid
Authors: Wu Hongbo , Yang Liu , Sun Wei , Yang Ping , Xing Honglong
Published: November 2022

In this work, the N-CDs@MSN-NH2 was synthesized by facile methods, which had good fluorescence properties and storage stability. The N-CDs@MSN-NH2 has excellent sensitivity and selectivity for PA in aqueous solution through FRET mechanism.
Bimetal NiCo-MOF-74 for highly selective NO capture from flue gas under ambient conditions
Authors: Hu Jie , Li Lei , Li Hao , Zhai Ying , Tang Fushun , Zhang Zhe , Chen Banglin
Published: November 2022

Under lower adsorption partial pressures and room temperature, the bimetallic Ni0.37Co0.63-MOF-74 shows much higher NO selective adsorption performance than all single metal M-MOF-74, providing bright promise for its NO capture from flue gas.
Predicting the aggregation number of cationic surfactants based on ANN-QSAR modeling approaches: understanding the impact of molecular descriptors on aggregation numbers
Authors: Abdous Behnaz , Sajjadi S. Maryam , Bagheri Ahmad
Published: November 2022

QSAR-ANN modelling was applied on some data obtained for surfactants to predict the aggregation number of the surfactants and conduct an explanatory study based the importance of selected descriptors.
Effect of polyacrylamide morphology templated using lyotropic liquid crystal on the proton conductivity of acid hydrogels
Authors: Chen Jia , Luo Jie , Tan Shuai , Wang Caihong , Wu Yong
Published: November 2022

Proton conductivities of acid hydrogels are enhanced by the ordered polymer morphology templated using lyotropic liquid crystal.
A strong and tough gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol double network hydrogel actuator with superior actuation strength and fast actuation speed
Authors: Yao Shiyu , Sun Xingyue , Ye Lina , Liang Haiyi
Published: November 2022

A fast and powerful hydrogel actuator was fabricated by introducing an elastic potential energy storing-releasing method into a double network hydrogel.
Exploration of atomic interfaces with inherent oxygen vacancies in zirconia for toluene oxidation
Authors: Yang Xueqin , Chen Lin , Yu Xiaolin , Yu Jing , Han Dawei , Xiao Menglan , Ge Maofa , Yang Xitian
Published: November 2022

Constructing atomic interfaces in catalysts is an effective strategy to improve catalytic performance.
Engineering bimetallic capture sites on hierarchically porous carbon electrode for efficient phosphate electrosorption: multiple active centers and excellent electrochemical properties
Authors: Zhang Peng , He Mingming , Li Fukuan , Fang Dezhi , Li Kexun , Wang Hao
Published: November 2022

Novel TLPC composites were constructed by in situ growth of LaMOF on hierarchical TiO2 followed by co-pyrolysis treatment. The synergistic contribution of Ti and La not only delivers multiple active centers and plentiful oxygen vacancy sites, but also boosts electrochemical activities.
Tuning of hybrid highly concentrated electrolytes and the interfacial building for lithium-based cells
Authors: Duan Jia-ning , Hou Qing , Yuan Ru-ming , Fan Jingmin , Zheng Mingsen , Dong Quanfeng
Published: November 2022

The mixed solvent strategy was applied to construct optimized highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs). Hybrid HCEs based on FEC and AN were investigated systematically. The accelerated ion transport and enhanced anions-derived SEI were achieved.
Silica-coated gold nanorods with hydrophobic modification show both enhanced two-photon fluorescence and ultrasound drug release
Authors: Mueller Evan N. , Alina Talaial B. , Curry Shane D. , Ganguly Saheli , Cha Jennifer N. , Goodwin Andrew P.
Published: November 2022

A single functionalization step converted silica-coated gold nanorods into theranostics capable of fluorescence imaging, ultrasound imaging, and drug delivery.
Insight into the effect of alkyl chain length and substituent bulkiness on the mobility anisotropy of benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophenes
Authors: Zhang Dongwei , Zhou Liguo , Wong Ping Kwan Johnny , Zhang Wen
Published: November 2022

The molecular packing architecture parameter θT and ratio R have been found to be two crucial factors influencing the mobility anisotropy in organic semiconductors.
Mechanisms of E. coli chemotaxis signaling pathways visualized using cryoET and computational approaches
Authors: Hadjidemetriou Kyprianos , Kaur Satinder , Cassidy C. Keith , Zhang Peijun
Published: November 2022

Chemotaxis signaling pathways enable bacteria to sense and respond to their chemical environment and, in some species, are critical for lifestyle processes such as biofilm formation and pathogenesis. The signal transduction underlying chemotaxis behavior is mediated by large, highly ordered protein complexes known as chemosensory arrays. For nearly two decades, cryo-electron tomography (cryoET) has been used to image chemosensory arrays, providing an increasingly detailed understanding of their structure and function. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the use of cryoET to study chemosensory arrays, including imaging strategies, key results, and outstanding questions. We further discuss the application of molecular modeling and simulation techniques to complement structure determination efforts and provide insight into signaling mechanisms. We close the review with a brief outlook, highlighting promising future directions for the field.
Activities and binding partners of E3 ubiquitin ligase DTX3L and its roles in cancer
Authors: Vela-Rodríguez Carlos , Lehtiö Lari
Published: November 2022

Ubiquitination is a protein post-translational modification that affects protein localisation, stability and interactions. E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate the final step of the ubiquitination reaction by recognising target proteins and mediating the ubiquitin transfer from an E2 enzyme. DTX3L is a multi-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase in which the N-terminus mediates protein oligomerisation, a middle D3 domain mediates the interaction with PARP9, a RING domain responsible for recognising E2 ∼ Ub and a DTC domain has the dual activity of ADP-ribosylating ubiquitin and mediating ubiquitination. The activity of DTX3L is known to be modulated by at least two different factors: the concentration of NAD+, which dictates if the enzyme acts as a ligase or as an ADP-ribosyltransferase, and its binding partners, which affect DTX3L activity through yet unknown mechanisms. In light of recent findings it is possible that DTX3L could ubiquitinate ADP-ribose attached to proteins. Different DTX3L–protein complexes have been found to be part of multiple signalling pathways through which they promote the adhesion, proliferation, migration and chemoresistance of e.g. lymphoma, glioma, melanoma, and prostate cancer. In this review, we have covered the literature available for the molecular functions of DTX3L especially in the context of cancer biology, different pathways it regulates and how these relate to its function as an oncoprotein.
Structure and function of the peroxisomal ubiquitin ligase complex
Authors: Feng Peiqiang , Skowyra Michael L. , Rapoport Tom A.
Published: November 2022

Peroxisomes are membrane-bounded organelles that exist in most eukaryotic cells and are involved in the oxidation of fatty acids and the destruction of reactive oxygen species. Depending on the organism, they house additional metabolic reactions that range from glycolysis in parasitic protozoa to the production of ether lipids in animals and antibiotics in fungi. The importance of peroxisomes for human health is revealed by various disorders — notably the Zellweger spectrum — that are caused by defects in peroxisome biogenesis and are often fatal. Most peroxisomal metabolic enzymes reside in the lumen, but are synthesized in the cytosol and imported into the organelle by mobile receptors. The receptors accompany cargo all the way into the lumen and must return to the cytosol to start a new import cycle. Recycling requires receptor monoubiquitination by a membrane-embedded ubiquitin ligase complex composed of three RING finger (RF) domain-containing proteins: PEX2, PEX10, and PEX12. A recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the complex reveals its function as a retro-translocation channel for peroxisomal import receptors. Each subunit of the complex contributes five transmembrane segments that assemble into an open channel. The N terminus of a receptor likely inserts into the pore from the lumenal side, and is then monoubiquitinated by one of the RFs to enable extraction into the cytosol. If recycling is compromised, receptors are polyubiquitinated by the concerted action of the other two RFs and ultimately degraded. The new data provide mechanistic insight into a crucial step of peroxisomal protein import.
Single phase line‐broken fault detection and location based on differential voltage in radial distribution network
Authors: Chang Zhongxue , Zeng Zhihao , Dou Minna , Zhang Zhihua , Song Guobing
Published: November 2022

Single phase line‐broken (SPLB) fault is one kind of high impedance fault (HIF). When a SPLB fault occurs, there are four scenarios: SPLB fault with neither side conductors grounded (SPLB‐NSCG), with source side conductor grounded only (SPLB‐SSCG), with load side conductor grounded only (SPLB‐LSCG), with both side conductors grounded (SPLB‐BSCG). Traditional HIF detection methods using current or voltage characteristics have low sensitivity to SPLB fault. In this paper, voltage characteristics are analysed firstly in the cases of the first three scenarios of SPLB fault, respectively. Theoretical analysis finds that the voltage at both the sides of the disconnection point is significantly different. A high sensitive SPLB fault detection method based on differential voltage is proposed for radial distribution network with different data synchronization ability. Finally, SPLB fault location methods based on centralized intelligent mode feeder automation (FA) and intelligent distributed mode FA are proposed. Simulations based on PSCAD verify that the proposed SPLB fault detection method is feasible, highly sensitive and immune to the neutral grounded mode, fault scenarios and fault resistance.
Fast and fault‐tolerant model predictive control of MMCs under selective harmonic elimination
Authors: Mohammadhassani Ardavan , Mehrizi‐Sani Ali
Published: November 2022

Selective harmonic elimination (SHE) is a suitable pulse‐width modulation (PWM) technique for some applications of modular multilevel converters (MMC) with lower number of semiconductor submodules (SM). However, SHE can make it difficult to control circulating currents in the MMC. Moreover, the MMC is vulnerable to SM switch failures that reduce its output power magnitude and quality. This paper proposes a fault‐tolerant model predictive control strategy for MMCs operating with SHE (FT SHE‐MPC). The effects of switch failure on phase voltage waveforms are studied first. Then, a method is proposed to design the FT SHE waveform to preserve its harmonic performance. Next, the proposed FT SHE‐MPC is designed to increase the capacitor voltages during an SM failure to maintain the fundamental component of the faulty phase voltage and control the circulating currents, maintaining balance among line voltages and the output power of the MMC. Additionally, the proposed method offers as much as 60% faster FT transition time and as much as 36% lower capacitor voltage ripple. The advantages of the proposed method are verified through offline and real‐time simulation studies on a three‐phase nine‐level MMC in PSCAD/EMTDC software and RTDS.
The anti‐cancer effect of chitosan/resveratrol polymeric nanocomplex against triple‐negative breast cancer; an in vitro assessment
Authors: Bozorgi Azam , Haghighi Zahra , Khazaei Mohammad Rasool , Bozorgi Maryam , Khazaei Mozafar
Published: November 2022

Herein, the authors synthesised chitosan nanoparticles (Cs NPs) as a resveratrol (RSV) carrier and evaluated their efficacy in stimulating apoptosis in MDA‐MB 231 cells. Blank (Cs NPs) and RSV‐ Cs NPs (RSV‐Cs NPs) were synthesised via ionic gelation and characterised by using fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope, dynamic light scattering/Zeta potential and RSV release. MDA‐MB 231 cells were treated with RSV, Cs NPs and RSV‐Cs NPs (24, 48, and 72 h), followed by the 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell toxicity was evaluated using lactate dehydrogenase assay, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction was performed to explore apoptosis induction. FTIR spectra confirmed the NPs via the formation of cross‐linking bonds. Cs and RSV‐Cs NPs sizes were about 75 and 198 nm with 14 and 24 mV zeta potentials. The RSV entrapment efficiency was 52.34 ± 0.16%, with an early rapid release followed by a sustained manner. Cs and RSV‐Cs NPs inhibited cell proliferation at lower concentrations and IC50 values. RSV‐Cs NPs had the most cytotoxic effect and stimulated intrinsic apoptotic pathway, indicated by increased Bcl‐2‐associated x (BAX), BAX/Bcl‐2 ratio, P53 expressions, reduced Bcl‐2 and upregulated caspases 3, 8 and 9. RSV‐Cs NPs have a great potential to suppress invasive breast cancer cell proliferation by targeting mitochondrial metabolism and inducing the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
Ulnare Karpustranslation – unsere Erfahrungen
Authors: Pilny Jaroslav , Slodicka Roman , Kachlík David , Horácková Katerina , Hájek Petr
Published: November 2022

Die ulnare Translation des Karpus (UT) ist eine seltene und oft
übersehene Verletzung. Wir berichten über unsere Erfahrung
punkto Diagnostik und Therapie aus der Behandlung von 8 Patienten mit einer
drohenden (5), manifesten (1) respektive chronischen UT (2).
Curcumin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticle Preparation and Its Protective
Effect on Celecoxib-induced Toxicity in Rat isolated Cardiomyocytes and
Mitochondria
Authors: Ebrahimi Hossein Ali , Esmaeli Samira , Khezri Saleh , Salimi Ahmad
Published: November 2022

Curcumin has a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory and tissue protective. In here we hypothesized that
curcumin-loaded chitosan-coated solid lipid nanoparticles (CuCsSLN) are able to
increase its overall bioavailability and hence its antioxidant and
mitochondria;/lysosomal protective properties of curcumin. CuCsSLN were
prepared using solvent diffusion technique for formation of solid lipid
nanoparticles (SLNs) and electrostatic coating of positive-charged chitosan to
negative surface of SLNs. CuCsSLN showed the encapsulation efficiency of
91.4±2.7%, the mean particle size of 208±9 nm,
the polydispersity index of 0.34±0.07, and the zeta potential
of+53.5±3.7 mV. The scanning electron microscope (SEM)
images of nanoparticles verified their nanometric size and also spherical shape.
Curcumin was released from CuCsSLN in a sustain release pattern up to
24 hours. Then isolated cardiomyocytes and mitochondria were
simultaneously treated with (1) control (0.05% ethanol), (2) celecoxib
(20 µg/ml) treatment, (3) celecoxib
(20 µg/ml)+++CuCsSLN
(1 µg/ml) treatment, (4) CuCsSLN
(1 µg/ml) treatment, (5) celecoxib
(20 µg/ml)+++curcumin
(10 µM) treatment and (6) curcumin (10 µM)
treatment for 4 h at 37°C. The results showed that celecoxib
(20 µg/ml) induced a significant increase in
cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondria membrane
potential (ΔΨm) collapse, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress
and mitochondrial swelling while CuCsSLN and curcumin reverted the above toxic
effect of celecoxib. Our data indicated that the effect of CuCsSLN in a number
of experiments, is significantly better than that of curcumin which shows the
role of chitosan nanoparticles in increasing effect of curcumin.
Application of Halogen-Bonding Catalysis for Markovnikov-Type Hydrothiolation of Alkenes
Authors: Sun Zhankui , Zhang Xue , Liang Nuoyu , Li Ruining
Published: November 2022

Carbon–sulfur bond-formation reactions are applied widely in organic synthesis and chemical biology. Hydrothiolation of alkenes provides a direct way to build carbon–sulfur bonds. Most known methods proceed via radical processes and result in anti-Markovnikov-type products. Herein, we demonstrate that I2 catalyzes the hydrothiolation of alkenes and provides Markovnikov-type products in good to excellent yields. Titration studies revealed that thiol was activated by I2 through halogen bonding. This metal-free reaction has advantages such as green and mild conditions, high functionality tolerance, broad substrate scope, and atom economy. Its application was further demonstrated in peptide syntheses.
Novel Applications of Concentrated Growth Factors in Facial Rejuvenation and Plastic Surgery
Authors: Li Guo , Wang Hang
Published: November 2022

Concentrated growth factor (CGF), which is a third-generation platelet concentrate product, exhibits good potential for repair and regeneration of soft and hard tissues, and has gradually attracted attention in the field of cosmetic plastic surgery. The purpose of this review is to summarize the application and research of CGF in the field of facial rejuvenation and plastic surgery. A comprehensive review of the literature about the applications of CGF in facial rejuvenation and plastic surgery was conducted in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 22 articles were included in this review. In recent years, CGF has been applied in many aspects in the field of facial rejuvenation and plastic surgery, including skin photoaging, repairment of soft-tissue defects, rhinoplasty, hair loss, autologous fat transplantation, and scars. In addition, no significant adverse reactions have been reported so far. CGF is rich in high-concentration growth factors, which has great potential and application prospects in facial rejuvenation and plastic surgery. However, the applications of CGF still have some problems, such as the mechanism, time of decomposition, and long-term efficacy and safety, which are needed to be resolved in future.
Management of Wide Alar Lobule Using Preservation Rhinoplasty Philosophy: Alar Coring Technique
Authors: Abdulraheem Maryam Hassan A. H. , Ng Chew Lip , D'Souza Alwyn Ray
Published: November 2022

A broad alar base disrupts nasal harmony and facial aesthetic balance and is an aesthetic concern for many patients. This wide appearance may be related to excessive nostril sill, alar flare, wide alar lobule, or a combination. Many techniques are described in literature to address the alar base with resultant scars to a variable degree. Management of alar lobule thickness is particularly challenging. Our technique presented here introduces a novel method to reduce the thickness of the alar lobule with excellent aesthetic outcome.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown on Non-COVID Neurosurgical Patients: Lessons Learned
Authors: Arora Rajnish Kumar , Shakya Jitendra , Pannem Rajkumar , Sharma Suresh , Sadhasivam Saravanan , Rawat Vikram Singh , Rekhapalli Rajashekhar , Sihag Rakesh Kumar , Mittal Radhey Shyam
Published: November 2022

Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the basic functioning of the health care system. There has been an adverse impact on non-COVID-19 patients due to a shift in healthcare delivery, which is underreported. This study aims to explore the impact of the pandemic on various aspects of non-COVID neurosurgical patients.

Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a structured questionnaire to assess the physical, economic, and psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures on neurosurgical patients presenting to our hospital after a nationwide lockdown.

Results Among 203 patients, non-neurotrauma and neurotrauma cases were 175 (86%) and 28 (16%), respectively. Among non-neurotrauma patients, 130 (64%) patients had cranial pathology. All 56 (27.6%) preoperative patients experienced rescheduling of surgery. Among 52 postsurgical patients, 47 (90%) had their adjuvant therapy delayed. Forty patients experienced deterioration in their neurological symptoms. Seventy-six (37%) patients sought medical attention from private hospitals. A severe contraction of income (≥ 25% of the income before lockdown) was experienced by families of 29 (14.3%) patients. Severe and very severe stress have been experienced by 24 (11.8%) and 14 (6.9%) patients, respectively. Severe and very severe anxiety was experienced by 32 (15.8%) and 9 (4.4%) patients.

Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic and nationwide lockdown had a tremendous impact on the physical, social, and psychological well-being of patients with non-COVID illnesses. We are yet to face the long-term implications of the delay due to this pandemic in scheduled surgical and adjuvant treatments of non-COVID neurosurgical patients.
An Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery–Esophageal Fistula—A Fatal Complication of a Common Anomaly: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Subramanian Pavithra C. , Chidanandaswamy Naveen , Soundararajan Raghuraman , Bhujade Harish , Prabhakar Nidhi
Published: November 2022

An aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA), also called as arteria lusoria, is one of the most common aortic arch anomalies. ARSA–esophageal fistula is a rare, life-threatening complication, with only 37 cases reported in literature. We describe a case of a young girl who developed acute episode of massive hematemesis after the recovery from novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Computed tomography (CT) angiography showed ARSA with retroesophageal course and active contrast leak in esophagus. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed the site of active contrast extravasation from the ARSA. However, the patient succumbed to hypovolemic shock even before the endovascular or surgical interventions could be done.
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Prenatal Diagnosis Using Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging—A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Santana Eduardo Félix Martins , Esteves Ana Maria Faria , Delorenzo Daniella Guerra , Hygino Celso , Werner Heron , Araujo Júnior Edward
Published: November 2022

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multiple system neurocutaneous syndrome with a genetic disorder caused by different mutations in TSC1 or TSC2. Usually, TSC causes tumors in the heart, brain, kidneys, eyes, and lungs. However, tumors can also develop in any other organs. The prenatal diagnosis of TCS is based on the identification of fetal cardiac tumors by ultrasound and brain subependymal nodules, usually identified by fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We present two case reports of the prenatal diagnosis of TCS using both ultrasound and MRI, which were confirmed by clinical and radiological methods in the postnatal period accordingly.
Understanding the real-time interaction between middle-aged consumers and online experts based on the COM-B model
Authors: Li Lifu , Kang Kyeong
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a study of middle-aged online consumers’ specific shopping behaviour on live streaming platforms and analyses the distinct marketing strategy provided by online experts. Influenced by unique social and cultural backgrounds, middle-aged online consumers lack related shopping experience and keep counterfeiting concerns to live streaming shopping, making them prefer to interact with online experts before making final decisions. Based on the COM-B Behaviour Changing theory and the Emotional attachment theory, the research model has been established in this study, and it divides influencing factors into the Emotion unit, Opportunity unit and Capability unit. To test the relationships between influencing factors and middle-aged online consumers’ interactive motivation, the partial least-squares path modelling and variance-based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) have been applied on the SmartPLS. By analysing 450 samples, the study shows that the counterfeiting concern and ease of use factors positively impact online consumers’ motivation to interact with online experts, and self-efficacy plays a negative role.
Effects of anisotropy on the stability of Giesekus fluid flow
Authors: Furlan L. J. S. , Araujo M. T. , Mendonca M. T. , Brandi A. C. , Souza L. F.
Published: November 2022

In the present work, the stability of a viscoelastic fluid flow is studied by linear stability theory, and some results are verified by direct numerical simulation. The investigation considers the fluid flow between two parallel plates, modeled by the Giesekus constitutive equation. The results show the influence of the anisotropic tensorial correction parameter αG on this model, showing a stabilizing influence for two-dimensional disturbances for small values of αG. However, as αG increases, a reduction in the critical Reynolds number values is observed, possibly hastening the transition to turbulence. Low values for αG for three-dimensional disturbances cause more significant variations for the critical Reynolds number. This variation decreases as the value of this parameter increases. The results also show that low values of αG increase the instability of three-dimensional disturbances and confirm that Squire's theorem is not valid for this model. As for the two-dimensional disturbances, the anisotropic term on the Giesekus model lowers the critical Reynolds number for higher quantities of polymer viscosity in the mixture and high values for the Weissenberg number.
Direct numerical simulation of turbulent structures and asymmetric properties in the supersonic non-isothermal mixing layer
Authors: Dai Qi , Zhang Xin , Yuan Xin , Feng Wenbin
Published: November 2022

By direct numerical simulations, the non-isothermal effects on turbulent structures and asymmetric properties are investigated in the spatially developing supersonic mixing layers with high convective Mach numbers (Mc > 0.6). Hot air is blown in the high-speed stream, and cold air is added on the low-speed side. Two non-isothermal simulations with different temperature gradients are conducted and compared with the isothermal mixing layer. The self-similar model of the spatially developing supersonic turbulent mixing layer is analyzed to reveal the physical mechanisms for the asymmetry of non-isothermal mixing layers. The supersonic mixing layer is characterized by diverse vortices and unsteady shocklets, which increase in the initial shear layer and then decrease in the self-similar turbulent region. Also, the mixing layer is asymmetric between the high- and low-speed streams, and the shear layer center skews toward the low-speed side with more vortices and less shocklets, which is attributed to the streamwise momentum gradient. The effects of temperature gradients enhance the flow instability and accelerate the growth of vortices and shocklets in the initial mixing layer. Nevertheless, the turbulent structures are attenuated in the fully developed region, as the viscous dissipation is augmented and turbulence decays more strongly. In addition, the streamwise momentum gradient is reduced in the non-isothermal mixing layers. The vortical structures suffer from stronger attenuation on the cold side, while the shocklets are more significantly reduced on the hot side. Thus, the skewness of the shear layer center toward the low-speed side is reduced, and the mixing layer asymmetry is attenuated.
Mixed localized waves and their dynamics for a matrix Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equation
Authors: Du Zhong , Xie Xi-Yang , Wu Xiao-Yu , Zhao Xue-Hui
Published: November 2022

Interactions between different localized waves are of great significance to physical systems. In this paper, we study the mixed localized waves and their dynamics based on the matrix Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equation. First, we construct the Nth-order mixed localized solutions describing the interactions between the (N−1) th-order rogue waves and breathers. Using these solutions, we discuss the second- and third-order mixed localized waves, as well as their dynamics. Furthermore, we describe five types of interactions between rogue waves and breathers: between the first-order rogue waves and temporal period breathers, the first-order rogue waves and spatial period breathers, the first-order rogue waves and spatial-temporal period breathers, the second-order rogue waves and temporal period breathers, and the second-order rogue waves and spatial period breathers. These results may be useful for the study of nonlinear wave interactions in physical systems.
Irruptive dynamics of the brush-tailed bettong (
Authors: Short Jeff
Published: November 2022

Context The fluctuating fortunes of the brush-tailed bettong have seen this species classified as ‘Rare or Likely to Become Extinct’ in the 1970s, delisted and hailed as a conservation success in the 1990s, and re-listed as ‘Critically Endangered’ in 2008. Key actions to recover this species, broad-scale fox control and reintroduction to fox-free habitat, have had variable success. Aims To monitor the reintroduction of bettong to fox-free habitat of Wadderin Sanctuary in the eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia. Methods Growth of the population was monitored over a 12-year period by regular trapping throughout the sanctuary. Key results The population increased monotonically to peak at 305 individuals (0.71 ha−1) at 7.5 years following release, before subsequent decline. Population growth was accompanied by a significant decline in mean condition and a reduction in the proportion of females with pouch young or lactating, presumably owing to resources per head gradually declining. The proportion of large pouch young relative to total young carried by females declined as woylie numbers increased, suggesting that, increasingly, pouch young did not go to full term. Declines in population number, condition and reproduction were exacerbated by dry seasons. Bettongs established successfully, despite a succession of single feral cats within the 427-ha sanctuary. The removal of the last cat, 8 years following the establishment of bettongs, had no obvious impact on bettong numbers, as, at this point, their population was stabilising because of declining body condition and reduced reproductive output. Conclusions The observed pattern of population growth of bettongs was consistent with an herbivore irruption consequent of a release of a species to new habitat. Decline following peak numbers appeared as a result of density-dependent resource limitation (declining resources per head with increased abundance) interacting with years of low rainfall. Implications The dynamics of irruption and decline of herbivores are relevant to management of reintroduced populations to fenced predator-free sites and, potentially, to unfenced populations following release from predation.
Second comment on ‘Maxwell’s equations and Lorentz transformations’
Authors: Beléndez Augusto , Sirvent-Verdú Joan Josep , Gallego Sergi
Published: November 2022

Aguirregabiria et al (2022) Eur. J. Phys.
43 035603 obtained the Lorentz transformations by assuming the invariance of Maxwell’s equations in vacuum under inertial transformations. However, they do not initially assume that these transformations must be linear. Later, Redzic (2022) Eur. J. Phys.
43 068002 indicates that it is necessary to explicitly assume the linearity of these transformations to avoid a remarkable and surprising result. Now it is shown that it is not necessary to make the assumption that the transformation equations between inertial reference frames must be linear, but that this linearity is a consequence of the homogeneity of space-time.
Improving the deconvolution of spectra at finite temperatures by replacing spectrum with a neural network
Authors: Xie Haidong , Xiang Xueshuang , Chen Yuanqing
Published: November 2022

In condensed matter physics studies, spectral information plays an important role in understanding the composition of materials. However, it is difficult to obtain a material’s spectrum information directly through experiments or simulations. For example, the spectral information deconvoluted by scanning tunneling spectroscopy suffers from the temperature broadening effect, which is a known ill-posed problem and makes the deconvolution results unstable. Existing methods, such as the maximum entropy method, tend to select an appropriate regularization to suppress unstable oscillations. However, the choice of regularization is difficult, and oscillations are not completely eliminated. We believe that the possible improvement direction is to pay different attention to different intervals. Combining stochastic optimization and deep learning, in this paper, we introduce a neural network-based strategy to solve the deconvolution problem. Because the neural network can represent any nonuniform piecewise linear function, our method replaces the target spectrum with a neural network and can find a better approximation solution through an accurate and efficient optimization. Experiments on theoretical datasets using superconductors demonstrate that the superconducting gap is more accurately estimated and oscillates less. Plug in real experimental data, our approach obtains clearer results for material analysis.
Integrated fault diagnosis of rolling bearings based on improved multichannel singular spectrum analysis and frequency–spatial domain decomposition
Authors: Sun Wanfeng , Sun Yu , Wang Yu
Published: November 2022

Extensive fault information can be obtained from the vibration signals of rotating machines with faulty rolling bearings. However, the diagnosis of compound faults is challenging because of their easy mix-ups, which can lead to faulty diagnosis and judgment. This study improves the multichannel singular spectrum analysis (MSSA) by using convex optimization. In addition, an integrated fault diagnosis technology for rolling bearings using an improved MSSA and frequency–spatial domain decomposition was developed. This approach involves two primary stages: signal preprocessing and fault diagnosis. The proposed method was tested to diagnose faults in the rolling bearings of pellet mills. Signal preprocessing can significantly improve the quality of a vibration signal and preserve modal information that characterizes a fault. Fault diagnosis identifies the modal parameters entirely and accurately from the reconstructed vibration signal, and determines the degree of damage. The proposed method can aid in the robust diagnosis of faulty rolling bearings under severe operating conditions.
Designing porous photonic crystals for MIR spectral region—a deeper insight into the anodic alumina layer thickness versus charge density relation
Authors: Białek Ewelina , Włodarski Maksymilian , Norek Małgorzata
Published: November 2022

The mid-infrared region (MIR) is crucial for many applications in security and industry, in chemical and biomolecular sensing, since it contains strong characteristic vibrational transitions of many important molecules and gases (e.g. CO2, CH4, CO). Despite its great potential, the optical systems operating in this spectral domain are still under development. The situation is caused mainly by the lack of inexpensive and adequate optical materials which show no absorption in the MIR. In this work, we present an easy and affordable way to develop 1D photonic crystals (PCs) based on porous anodic alumina for MIR region. The porous PCs were produced by the pulse anodization of aluminum using charge-controlled mode. The first order photonic stopbands (λ
1) were located within ca. 3.5–6.5 μm. Annealing of the material at 1100 °C for an hour has allowed to recover the wavelength range from around 5.8 to 7.5 μm owing to the decomposition of the absorption centers (oxalate anions) present in the anodic oxide framework while maintaining the PC structural stability. The spectral position and the shape of the resonances were regulated by the charge passing under high (U
H) and low (U
L) voltage pulses, porosity of the corresponding d
H and d
L segments, and dura tion of the process (t
tot). The thickness of the d
H and d
L layers was proportional to the charge passing under respective pulses, with the proportionality coefficient increasing with the applied voltage. Despite the constant charge (2500 mC cm−2) applied during the anodization, the thickness of anodic alumina (d) increased with applied voltage (10–60 V) and anodizing temperature (5 °C–30 °C). This behavior was ascribed to the different kinetics of the anodic alumina formation prompted by the variable electrochemical conditions. The photonic material can be used in portable nondispersive gas sensors as an enhancement layer operating up to around 9 μm.
Accumulation of sublethal radiation damage and its effect on cell survival
Authors: Vassiliev Oleg N
Published: November 2022

Objective. Determine the extent of sublethal radiation damage (SRD) in a cell population that received a given dose of radiation and the impact of this damage on cell survival. Approach. We developed a novel formalism to account for accumulation of SRD with increasing dose. It is based on a very general formula for cell survival that correctly predicts the basic properties of cell survival curves, such as the transition from the linear-quadratic to a linear dependence at high doses. Using this formalism we analyzed extensive experimental data for photons, protons and heavy ions to evaluate model parameters, quantify the extent of SRD and its impact on cell survival. Main results. Significant accumulation of SRD begins at doses below 1 Gy. As dose increases, so does the number of damaged cells and the amount of SRD in individual cells. SRD buildup in a cell increases the likelihood of complex irrepairable damage. For this reason, during a dose fraction delivery, each dose increment makes cells more radiosensitive. This gradual radosensitization is evidenced by the increasing slope of survival curves observed experimentally. It continues until the fraction is delivered, unless radiosensitivity reaches its maximum first. The maximum radiosensitivity is achieved when SRD accumulated in most cells is the maximum damage they can repair. After this maximum is reached, the slope of a survival curve, logarithm of survival versus dose, becomes constant, dose independent. The survival curve becomes a straight line, as experimental data at high doses show. These processes are random. They cause large cell-to-cell variability in the extent of damage and radiosensitivity of individual cells. Significance. SRD is in effect a radiosensitizer and its accumulation is a significant factor affecting cell survival, especially at high doses. We developed a novel formalism to study this phenomena and reported pertinent data for several particle types.