bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tratamiento del frenillo aberrante, frenectomía y frenotomía. Revisión de tema
Authors: Castro-Rodríguez Yuri
Published: April 2019

Introducción: Las deformidades mucogingivales tienen un impacto en la función y la estética de los pacientes; siendo estas de origen congénita, del desarrollo o adquiridas. Una condición mucogingival es una desviación de la anatomía normal de los tejidos que se ubican entre el margen gingival y la unión mucogingival. Dentro de estas condiciones se encuentran las alteraciones de la inserción de los frenillos y la profundidad del vestíbulo. Los frenillos labiales aberrantes dentro de la cavidad no suelen ocasionar patologías a considerar; sin embargo, en algunas situaciones su sobreinserción puede provocar deformidades periodontales, funcionales, estéticas y fonéticas. La remoción de los frenillos se plantea a través de su exéresis completa (frenectomía) o a través de su reposición lateral o apical (frenotomía). Cada procedimiento posee sus indicaciones/contraindicaciones, ventajas y desventajas. Objetivo: En la presente revisión se resume las principales fuentes de información en las bases de datos: Scopus, Pubmed, SciELO y LILACS relacionadas al tratamiento quirúrgico de frenillos aberrantes. Conclusión: Ambos procedimientos resultan eficaces en la desinserción de las fibras de los frenillos; la frenectomía puede ocasionar leves formaciones de bridas cicatrizales mientras que la frenotomía posee una menor incidencia de las mismas. Una opción alternativa a las técnicas convencionales es el uso del Láser como medio para remover el frenillo.
Distortion of Local Architecture Identity A comparative study for the rebuilding process of the buildings on Sabunkaran street
Authors: Abdullah Wrya , Shari Aako
Published: April 2019

The historic urban regions and architecture are more than mere materials remained, they are central to how the community see themselves and their architecture identity as individuals, communities and as a nation.   In a transient and rapidly changing world, interests are in; “What the local identity of the community architecture is? and how the original identity of the local architecture could be kept during the new rebuilding process in the historic and old regions of the city?” Architecture identity is therefore; an inheritance that helps to define the future architecture by inspiring new ideas and providing solutions to the problems that the community face in the age of globalisation. In this way, historic and old urban regions of the city greatly show the original architecture identity which helps the community to distinguish their architecture from others.

This paper studies the distortion of local architecture identity on Sabunkaran Street as a part of the old region and city centre in Sulaimaneyah city in means of style, building materials and architectural elements as  a result of the new rebuilding process. The distortion of building materials, styles and elements for the new rebuilt process are compared to the context of the region without sub-categorizing each part to specific items. This paper makes a comparative study for the architecture on Sabunkaran Street to show how the local architecture identity of the old region has the risk of distortion as a result of the new rebuilding process done in the last decades. This study aims to keep the local architecture identity of the old urban regions to show the future generations their original architecture identity. The study hypotheses that; new rebuilding process achieved by the individual owners in old urban spots lead to the distortion of local architecture identity if it is not monitored by specialized local authorities.
The effect of the use of building materials in the formation of architectural identity Sulaymaniyah city as a case study
Authors: Hassan Niaz
Published: April 2019

Many modern cities are characterized by their own architectural identity through the use of locally available building materials, such as the use of stone in the city of Amman, the brick walls in Baghdad or Halan in Mosul and other modern cities. The research's problem is the lack of interest in the current buildings to use locally available materials to form its architectural identity, especially that these materials (such as Malkandi   Stone ) was a unique architectural advantage through its  use in buildings of the sixties, seventies and eighties in the city of Sulaymaniyah in addition to its common use in the old heritage buildings . The research focuses on the effect of using locally available building materials in highlighting or playing down the architectural identity. The aim of the research is to identify the obstacles and difficulties that led to the lack of interest in this heritage to be used to highlight the architectural identity of the city of Sulaymaniyah, by the hypothesis that the absence of architectural and planning laws regarding the use of local materials, is a major factor in the absence of architectural identity.
EFFECT OF NATIONAL PROGRAMS IN ONCOLOGY ON SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH RECTAL CANCER: A POPULATION-BASED ANALYSIS
Authors: Dubovichenko D. M. , Valkov M. Yu. , Merabishvili V. M. , Karpunov A. A. , Valkova L. E. , Pankratyeva A. Yu.
Published: April 2019

Objective. Assessment of the impact of National Program «Health» on a rectal cancer (RC) tumor-specific survival in the Arkhangelsk region (AR), Russia over the period 2000–2017 by the data of Arkhangelsk Regional Cancer Registry (ARCR)

Materials and methods. Anonymized data on all cases of RC (C19.0–C21.0) in the AR in 2000–2017 were extracted from the database of the ARCR. Over the study period, 4173 cases of the RC were selected. To assess the impact of the National Health Project in 2006 and All-national Dispensarization in 2013, the three time periods were chosen — 2000–2006, 2007–2012 and 2013–2017. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was calculated. Separate influence of baseline factors on differences in CSS between periods was performed using Cox regression with consecutive input.

Results. One- and five year CSS were 62,6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 60,03–65,05%%) and 27,8% (95% CI 25,4–30,2%) in 2000–2006, 65,1% (95% CI 62,5–67,5%) and 32% (95% CI 29,5–34,5%) in 2007–2012, 67,7% (95% CI 65,2–70,1%) and 37,4% (95% CI 33,7–41,1%) in 2013–2017, respectively.

In univariate analysis the risk of death in the latest time periods was significantly lower: HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.79–0.95), p < 0.05 and 0.74 (95% CI 0.67–0.82), p<0.0001 for 2007–2012 and 2013–2017, respectively, comparing to 2000–2006. In a multivariate model only correction for treatment type has led to change of the coefficients between time periods: HR 0.94 (95% CI 0.86–1.03) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.75–0.93) for 2007–2012 and 2013–2017, respectively. The CSS was also in­dependently influenced by stage, age at diagnosis, place of residence and type of treatment.

Conclusion. Population-based five-year CSS of patients with RC increased by 8% during the analyzed period. Better CSS in the latest time period is associated rather with improvement of treatment than earlier detection of RC.
TYPES OF SURGERIES PERFORMED AT NECK WOUNDS IN CIVIL MEDICAL INSTITUTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE LOCAL MILITARY CONFLICT
Authors: Maslyakov V. V. , Barsukov V. G. , Uskov A. V.
Published: April 2019

Objectives. To make analysis of main types of surgeries performed at various neck wounds in civil medical institution in the conditions of the local military conflict.

Patients and methods. The work is based on a retrospective analysis of the treatment of 241 patients with various neck wounds who were admitted in an urgent order to the surgical department of a city hospital in Chechen Republic from 1991 to 2000. All the wounded were divided into two groups: 129 with gunshot wounds (main group) and 112 with stab wounds of the neck (comparison group). The average age was 35 ± 5 years, dominated by males — 78%.

Results. It was established that in 25 (19.3%) cases the operation was started under local anesthesia, in 45% of cases anesthesia was given to continue the surgery, in 84% intubation was made, in 16% — intravenous operations. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that for neck gunshot wounds the following operations were most often performed: a typical tracheostomy without a laryngeal and tracheal suture in 26.3% cases; atypical tracheostomy without suture of larynx and trachea — 16.2% cases; the laryngeal or tracheal suture with tracheostomy was performed in 13.1% cases, in 12.4% of cases was performed operative exploration of neck organs.

In cases of concomitant chest wounds, in 10.8% of cases, in addition to operative exploration of neck organs, thoracot­omy was performed, in most cases for suturing wounds of the esophagus.

Conclusion. The study confirmed that in the wounded with neck gunshot wounds, the amount of aid consisted primar­ily in restoring airway patency, stopping bleeding and anti-shock actions.
MODERN APPROACHES TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF PAID MEDICAL SERVICES IN RUSSIA
Authors: Panov A. V. , Bykovskaya T. Yu.
Published: April 2019

The article pertains the main problems faced by manufacturers and consumers of paid medical services. The increase in the volume of paid medical care prevails in the fields of dentistry, diagnostics and cosmetology. Of course, the expansion of voluntary medical insurance in almost all areas of medicine, further digitalization and gradual development of commercial outpatient care will be promising areas in the domestic health care. After all, currently every fourth outpatient medical organization is private owned. In this regard, taking into account the foreign and domestic experience of modernization of the medical services market, the paper comprehensively analyzes the trends in the development of commercial medicine within the legal, organizational and socio-economic regulation of the health care industry. Marketing tools to optimize the system of paid services are presented. The key role of mechanisms of public-private interaction in health care management is proved. Integrative approaches to the problems of introduction and development of paid medical services, considered in this study, will allow to systematize and to adjust the extra-budgetary activities of medical organizations while simultaneously increasing the availability and quality of medical care in Russia.
PROGNOSTIC FACTORS OF RELAPSE IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF DESMOID FIBROIDS OF THE TRUNK AND EXTREMITIES
Authors: Yadrina A. V. , Karpenko V. Yu. , Novikova O. V. , Bychkova N. M. , Derzhavin V. A. , Bucharov A. V.
Published: April 2019

Purpose of the study. Evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of desmoid fibroids (DF) using reconstructive plastic surgery and determination of possible prognostic factors of relapses.

Patients and methods. The results of surgical treatment of 40 patients with desmoid fibroids of extra abdominal local­ization were analyzed. In 45% of patients, the tumor was located in soft tissues of the shoulder girdle and upper limb, in 35% — on the trunk, in 20% — in soft tissues of the lower limb and in 7% of patients on the neck. The tumor size varied from 2 to 20 cm, the median was 8 ± 4.38 cm. Surgical treatment for newly diagnosed DF was performed in 22 (55%) patients, and for recurrent tumors — in 18 (45%) patients.

Results. According to the planned histological study, negative resection boundaries were established in 24/40 patients (63%). In the remaining 16 cases (37%) positive resection margins were obtained: R1 in 14 patients and R2 in 2 patients. Adjuvant treatment is recommended for 14 patients with resection R1/R2. The duration of follow — up after treatment ranged from 6 to 107 months, median‑16.5 months. During follow-up, relapses were diagnosed in 14 patients (35%). No deaths have been reported.

Conclusion. Surgical treatment of DF of extraabdominal localization is accompanied by a sufficiently high frequency of relapses. According to the results of the study, an unfavorable factor in the development of relapses is the location of the tumor in soft tissues of the shoulder girdle and upper limb.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL AND LIQUID-BASED CYTOLOGICAL METHODS FOR CERVICAL SMEARS
Authors: Volchenko N. N. , Sushinskaya T. V. , Borisova O. V. , Melnikova V. Yu. , Petrov A. N.
Published: April 2019

Purpose. Comparative analysis of the diagnostic value of traditional cytology (TC) and liquid cytology (LC) in the identi­fication of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer (CC).

Patients and methots. The study included 87 women aged 18 to 80 years. All women were referred with suspicion of CIN, or underwent a control cytological examination after treatment for CIN and cervical cancer. Smears were taken sep­arately from ecto-, endocervix and mixed. Various tools were used (trowel, brushes type D, F and Cervex-Brush Combi). Each patient was sampled at the same time by different types of instruments. All surveyed women were performed at the same time traditional and fluid cytology. Liquid preparations were prepared using SurePath™ technology (BD and Company, Netherlands, USA) and E‑Prep (Biodyne, South Korea). Traditional cytological preparations were stained ac­cording to the Pappenheim method, liquid preparations — by Papanicolaou. A comparative analysis of cytological and histological findings was carried out.

Results. According to our data, the number of non-informative material practically coincides in the shopping center and in the LC, from the instruments used the best results were obtained when using a cytobrush of type D and a wood­en spatula. The frequency of detection of CIN squamous epithelium in the LC is somewhat less than in the shopping center (60% vs. 62%). This is due to the lack of experience in evaluating the life cycle drugs. Despite the fact that the overall frequency of CIN detection is somewhat lower in the LC than in the TC, the frequency of detection of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) is higher in the LC (51% versus 46%). This is due to the fact that cellular elements are concentrated in a limited area and single small HSIL complexes that are missed in the shopping center are better detected in the LC. The sensitivity of the TC smear from the cervix was 96.2%, life cycle — 92.4%. The accuracy of the shopping center is 92%, the life cycle is 89.6%.

Conclusion. LC is an alternative to traditional cytological examination in order to detect pretumor diseases and cervical cancer. For an objective assessment of liquid preparations, additional training of cytologists is necessary.
THE SYNTHESIS OF TRIAZOLE CONTAINING ANALOGUES OF SALEN AND VANEN
Authors: Bibik Y. , Khomenko D. , Doroschuk R. , Lampeka R.
Published: April 2019

Facile methods of the preparation of heterocyclic analogues of Salen and Vanen are reported. The azamethine fragments of Schiff bases were replaced by 1,2,4-triazoles. The method of synthesis described may afford to prepare the series of ligand systems with different substituents with high overall yields relatively to the hydrazide. Unlike Schiff's bases, all synthesized compounds are chemically stable and resistant to oxidizing and reducing agents. The molecules are entirely conjugate to the π-systems, which is likely to be reflected in the electronic properties of coordination compounds. Obtained ligand systems could maintain great interest in the synthesis of various transition metal coordination compounds. These could be concluded from the fact that coordination behavior of synthesized ligands is expected to be similar to that is observed for Salen an Vanen type ligands respectively. The resulting compounds have the same donor centers from Salen and Vanen, having a similar planar structure and coordination behavior. All ligands are tetradentate, may leave vacant positions in the coordination sphere of transition metals and form five- and six-membered cycles. The Vanen analogues are capable of forming binuclear complex compounds, since they have internal N2O2 (for coordination with 3d metal ions) and external O2O2 (for exo-coordination of ions of lantanides) donor centers. The compounds obtained are capable of forming coordination compounds with antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiviral activities and also as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in polymerization, epoxidation, hydrosilylation reactions, sensors etc. The analogues were analyzed by NMR and IR spectroscopy.
Spaced and mass training within cognitive experimental paradigm in the Djungarian hamster Phodopus sungorus: comparative psychological approach
Authors: Novikovskaya A.A. , Panteleeva S.N. , Reznikova J.I.
Published: April 2019

Ability to shape associations between visual stimuli and a reward under conditions of mass and spaced trainings have been studied for the first time in wild Djungarian hamsters. In a case of a simple task (“spot vs no spot”) 7 from 9 animals solved the problem under condition of mass training, whereas under condition of space training only one individual was successful. In a case of more complex task (“a lesser spot vs a greater one”) 4 from 9 animals were successful under condition of mass training. Taking into account our previous study of Ph.sungorus’s ability to evaluate sets of geometric figures, one can suggest that evaluation of visual stimuli in details is above cognitive competence of this species. Comparative psychological analysis of experimental studies enables us to consider this species a sort of “benchmark”, at least when discriminations of visual stimuli are concerned. In contrast to majority of rodent species as well as genetic lines, the Djungarian hamsters learn to discriminate visual stimuli under conditions of mass training only, that is, they have “short memories”.
Follow the hands of the interlocutor! (on strategies for the distribution of visual attention)
Authors: Fedorova O.V. , Zherdev I.Y.
Published: April 2019

This article contributes to the development of multichannel linguistics — a new approach that explores the interaction of multiple informational channels between interlocutors, including verbal units, prosody, gestures, facial expressions, direction of gaze. The study was carried out on the material of the Russian multichannel resource “Russian pear chats and stories”, collected with the help of modern equipment, including industrial video cameras and eyetrackers for registering eye movements. Based on the quantitative and qualitative results of the study, the authors describe the distribution of visual attention of the Narrator in the situation of perception of information from two gesticulating interlocutors, as well as various styles of oculomotor activity of the Narrator.
School Transitions: Assessing Metasubjective and Personality-Related Learning Outcomes in Students
Authors: Ermolaeva M.V. , Lubovsky D.
Published: April 2019

The paper describes a diagnostic programme developed within the framework of continuous psychological and educational support of implementation of educational standards. The study involved 390 school students of 4th classes and 226 students of 9th classes who were tested before and after their transition to a new educational level in order to evaluate the dynamics of their learning outcomes (metasubjective as well as personality-related).The tests involved tasks with partial or inconsistent problem situations and A.M. Prikhozhan’s Learning Motivation Survey. The analysis of the data showed that students of 4th and 5th classes perceive their transition from one educational level to another as a challenge of uncertainty, while for most of 10th-class students it is not so. Basing on the study outcomes the authors show that technologies of student personality development play an important role in securing the continuity of psychological and educational support of implementation of the Federal State Education Standards. The role of modern training models for teachers and educational psychologists in solving the task of continuous psychological and educational support is also analysed.
Effect of Three Behavior Guidance Techniques on Anxiety Indicators of Children Undergoing Diagnosis and Preventive Dental Care
Authors: Karekar Priyanka , Bijle Mohammed Nadeem , Walimbe Hrishikesh
Published: April 2019

Objective(s): To assess the effect of three behavior guidance techniques on anxiety indicators of children undergoing diagnosis and preventive dental care. Study Design: Sixty-three subjects (7–9 years) were divided into three groups as per the behavior guidance technique namely tell-show-do, live and filmed modeling (using Tablet Computer) to receive diagnostic (Oral examination & radiographic assessment using intraoral periapical radiographs) and preventive dental care (Oral prophylaxis and topical fluoride application). Anxiety indicators–Facial Image Scale (FIS) scores and heart rate were recorded before, during and after diagnosis/preventive treatment. Three-way repeated measures ANOVA with post-hoc analysis was performed at significance of p-value < 0.05. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the anxiety indicators of children under the influence of different behavior guidance approaches undergoing diagnosis/preventive treatments except for mean heart rate of children while oral examination. Multiple comparison results reveal that the mean FIS scores and heart rate of children with modeling techniques were significantly better as compared to tell-show-do technique with no significant difference between the two modeling techniques. Conclusion: This study suggests that the modeling techniques (filmed and live) seem to be an efficient behavioral guidance approach for children aged 7–9 years undergoing routine diagnosis and preventive dental care as compared to tell-show-do technique.
Cariogenic Potential of Infant Formulas–An In Vitro Study
Authors: Dagon Nurit , Greenstein Ronit Bar-Ness , Mazor Yardena , Ratson Tal
Published: April 2019

Objectives: To compare the in vitro cariogenic potential of two infant formulas (IF, for ages 6–12 months) processed with sterile distilled water with or without 1 ppm fluoride. Study design: Nine specimens in each water type were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans (SM) suspension. The specimens were then divided into one group of samples cultured immediately on Mitis salivarius (MS) agar plates (T0) and another group of specimens cultured on MS agar plates after incubation at 37°C for 4 hours in anaerobic conditions (T4). Six-fold dilutions of each sample were incubated for 48 hours, and colony-forming units (CFUs) of SM were numerated. The pH changes associated with bacterial fermentation of each of the suspensions were measured at T0 and at T4 following incubation. Results: The pH was lower at T4 than at T0 in both IF. The SM colonies increased significantly at T4 compared to T0 in both IF (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the CFUs of the mediums at T0 and T4 or relation between SM colonies of IF based on fluoridated and non-fluoridated distilled water. Conclusion: The cariogenic potential was not significantly different between two IF prepared with fluoridated or non-fluoridated distilled water.
MANAGING PAIN IN RESIDENTIAL CARE: A DEVELOPMENTAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Modlin Heather
Published: April 2019

This article explores the presence of pain in residential programs for children and youth. The challenges associated with acknowledging and interpreting the behavioural manifestations of this pain — for the young people and for front-line practitioners — are discussed and interpreted through a constructive-developmental lens. The notion of the organization as a holding environment is reviewed, with a key focus on the role of the supervisor in absorbing the pain, providing emotional containment, supporting practitioners “where they are”, encouraging reflection, promoting developmental growth, and maintaining a stable presence. Implications for the organization are reviewed.
RESEARCHING PAIN — RE-SEARCHING THE RESEARCHER: PULLING BACK THE CURTAIN ON THE INNER LIFE AND ANXIETY OF THE INVESTIGATOR
Authors: Anglin James P. , Scott Angela
Published: April 2019

Seldom do researchers comment on or discuss in their publications the impact of their research on themselves, nor do they explore the impact of their emotions on their research data gathering or findings. The authors provide excerpts from two of their own research studies to illustrate some of the personal dimensions which they, along with George Devereux, claim are central and significant in the process of social science research. We suggest that is it is important to introduce new researchers to the psychoemotional dimensions of the researcher’s own experiences in the research process in order to both sensitize them to potential research findings (often hidden), and prepare them for the possible (even likely) impacts on themselves as researchers, professionals, and human beings.
Water Demanganation with the Help of the Carbon-Silicate Composite
Authors: Gorelova E.I. , Kotov V.V. , Danilova G.N.
Published: April 2019

Composite activated carbon BAU-A, silica and kaolin with addition of silver has been synthesized for the purpose of water purification from impurities. The increase in the degree of composite fragments dispersion to nanoparticles after treatment with NaOH with the help of microscopy scanning method has been revealed. Processes of ions Mn2+ sorption from aqueous solution have been investigated. Physico-chemical properties (limiting specific adsorption, selectivity coefficient, distribution coefficiet ) have been established. The mechanism of Mn2+ sorption has been proposed. It shows that when its concentrations is low, then ion-exchange sorption takes place, while at high concentration, the absorption process with ion redistribution equilibrium between the solution and the pore space takes place. The concentration, lower which the sorption clearing reaches MPC has been revealed, as well as the upper limit of the concentration at which the composite preserves selectivity.
The Case of Asymmetry of the Omohyoid Muscle
Authors: Chernykh A. V. , Shevtsov A. N. , Tishinov E. N. , Neverov A. V. , Magomedrasulova A. A. , Brigadirova V. Yu. , Romanova D. A.
Published: April 2019

The asymmetry of omohyoid muscles was found during topographic anatomical preparation of female cadaver (using methods: anatomical preparation and morphometry) which was use in medical student’s training. The detected deviations in structure of this muscle, accordingly to many articles, have not only anatomic value but also a significant importance for clinical surgeons of different fields. The described anatomical variation of omohyoid muscle structure (the asymmetry) has some very important clinical aspects, concerning front neck region surgery. Omohyoid muscle is a reliable landmark for endoscopic examination of brachial plexus and searching for metastases in neck lymphatic nodes. In some cases, hypertrophy of omohyoid muscle can cause development of functional dysphagia and spastic torticollis.
The Role of Myofibroblasts and Mast Cells in Oral Mucosa Repair After Fractional Laser Treatment
Authors: Sergeeva E. S. , Gusel'nikova V. V. , Ermolaeva L. A. , Belikov A. V. , Fedotov D. Yu. , Sufieva D. A. , Semyashkina Yu. V. , Antropova M. M. , Korzhevskii D. E.
Published: April 2019

The aimof this study was to clarify the features of the reparative process of the rat's oral mucosa in the later periods after fractional laser treatment with an analysis of the possible involvement of mast cells and myofibroblasts in this process.

Material and methods.The samples of the oral mucosa of male Wistar rats (n=9) were used as a material for this study. Fractional laser treatment was carried out using stLase (DentalPhotonics, USA) with power P=7–10 W and pulse duration tp=100–200 ms (wavelength 980 nm). Histological sections of the oral mucosa from the control zones (unaffected) and zones treated with laser radiation were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and with Masson’s aniline blue. To identify mast cells, toluidine blue was used. For the detection of blood vessels and myofibroblasts, immunohistochemical reaction to smooth-muscle α-actin was performed.

Results.On the 28th day after fractional laser treatment in rat oral mucosa the signs of incomplete repair were present. At this period in laser treated areas within the lamina propria rows of densely adjacent myofibroblasts were found. In the rows of myofibroblasts the mast cells are not visualized, while in the similar areas of the intact mucosa mast cells are present in large numbers.

Conclusion.Fractional laser treatment stimulates the prolongation of regeneration process of rat oral mucosa while formation of myofibroblasts occurs in the laser treated zone. During this process mast cells may be involved. The ability to degranulate under laser radiation was shown.
Filtros de baixo custo para a remoção de turbidez: uma aplicação em amostra sintética e do manancial Ribeirão Descoberto
Authors: Silveira Leonardo Ramos da , Veloso Renato Welmer , S Sofia Medeiros da , Silva Rida de Cássisa Souza da , Carvalho Victória Lorrana Sales
Published: April 2019

A filtração é um processo barato e eficiente para tratamento de água, no qual os filtros construídos em escala piloto podem servir de base para o aperfeiçoamento da eficiência requerida para sistema de tratamento em escala real. Destaca-se que a aplicação os procedimentos de tratamento, na escala piloto, são relevantes uma vez que podem estabelecer o detalhadamente tecnológico e operacional, visando agregar os conhecimentos obtidos dentre os processos e tecnologias disponíveis, podendo estas serem ou não convencionais. Assim, este trabalho objetivou a fabricar e montar, em escala piloto, um filtro lento de múltiplas camadas para tratamento de água bruta visando atender ao padrão de potabilidade exigidos normativamente. O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de Química do Instituto Federal de Goiás (IFG). Os parâmetros analisados foram: turbidez, condutividade elétrica, pH e sólidos dissolvidos, referentes ao tratamento de amostras de água com variações de turbidez. A amostra sintética foi produzida em laboratório enquanto aquela para validação do filtro foi retirada manancial Ribeirão Descoberto. Após os ensaios, a filtração em múltiplas camadas mostrou-se eficiente para a remoção de turbidez tanto na amostra sintética quanto na obtida no manancial, indicando conformidade quanto aos parâmetros avaliados. Houve eficiência de 99% na redução da turbidez da água analisada, atendendo ainda aos demais parâmetros indicados Portaria de consolidação n. 5/2017.
Metodologia de diagnóstico do sistema de drenagem pluvial aplicado a microbacia do córrego Quarta-Feira em Cuiabá-MT
Authors: De Moraes Gabriel Figueiredo , Silva Ana Rúbia de Carvalho Bonilha
Published: April 2019

Na maioria dos municípios brasileiros, a gestão dos serviços de drenagem ainda não recebe a devida importância, evidenciando a ausência de planejamento adequado para o setor. Os principais problemas enfrentados são: ausência de dados, falta de capacitação técnica, de planejamento e manutenção, de monitoramento e insuficiência de recursos. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para o cadastro técnico do sistema de drenagem pluvial do município de Cuiabá-MT. Para isso foi realizado um diagnóstico da infraestrutura atual do sistema de drenagem pluvial da microbacia do Córrego Quarta-Feira, além dos aspectos institucionais. Obteve-se que, a microbacia possui problemas relacionados à drenagem urbana, em geral, associados aos efeitos da urbanização descontrolada e uso intensivo do solo. São notados pontos positivos, como a alta cobertura de pavimentação das vias, e o número e distribuição das bocas de lobo na microbacia, porém, aproximadamente 45% dessas possuem problemas, sejam eles de obstrução por resíduos e sedimentos ou danificação em sua estrutura física. Destaca-se a importância da implementação do Plano Diretor de Drenagem Urbana para o controle destes problemas, abrangendo projetos de zoneamento e regulamentação do uso do solo, dentre outros aspectos. Com isso, o sistema de drenagem urbana de águas pluviais provocará menos impactos na microbacia como um todo, possibilitando uma melhor qualidade de vida para as pessoas que passam por essa região.
Editorial
Authors: Callejas Ivan Julio Apolonio
Published: April 2019

Editorial
Creating Global ETF Portfolio with Considering US Market
Authors: Das Bijoy Chandra
Published: April 2019

I have created a global portfolio considering ETFs that will outperform S&P 500 over the next six months. Firstly, I present the economic conditions of the US and other important developed countries along with emerging countries. Secondly, I consider the present markets of the globe and comments on the situations that what can be happened next six months. Finally, the decision is taken based on the analysis of global growth, GDP across the countries, inflation, interest rates, and unemployment rates to determine the strategic asset allocation for different asset classes.
THE PROBLEM OF SUBSTANTIATING THE EROSION-INDUCED PERMISSIBLE SOIL LOSS AND AN APPROACH TO ITS SOLUTION
Authors: Sukhanovskii Yu. P. , Prushchik A. V. , Solov`eva Yu. A. , Sanzharova S. I.
Published: April 2019

Показано, что для разработки стратегии рационального использования почвенных ресурсов необходима методология, которая должна включать методы решения следующих задач: объективную оценку почвенных ресурсов; оценку их динамики за прошедшее время; долгосрочное прогнозирование динамики этих ресурсов; поиск компромиссов между необходимостью уменьшения деградации (эрозии) почвы и имеющимися экономическими возможностями. На примере эродированных черноземов пахотных земель Курской области рассмотрены решения указанных задач. Количество почвенных ресурсов оценивалось площадью пашни и мощностью гумусового горизонта, а их качество (плодородие, продуктивность) - запасами гумуса в слое 0-50 см. Динамика почвенных ресурсов оценивалась по изменению этих параметров. Приведены данные по сокращению ресурсов черноземов ориентировочно через 200-250 лет после распашки целины. Показано, что на восстановление мощности гумусового слоя эродированных черноземов потребуются тысячелетия, а на восстановление запасов гумуса - столетия. На большой площади пашни остановить эрозию за относительно малое время практически невозможно. Стратегия уменьшения эрозии включает этапы, для которых предложен подход к оценке допустимых эрозионных потерь почвы (ДЭПП). Этот подход представляет собой поиск компромисса между скоростью почвообразования, изменением мощности гумусового горизонта, продуктивности (качества, плодородия) почвы, случайным характером эрозионных процессов и, с другой стороны, противоэрозионных мероприятий в соответствии с имеющимися экономическими возможностями. Значения ДЭПП должны уменьшаться от этапа к этапу, приближаясь к скорости почвообразования. Разработаны значения ДЭПП для первого этапа (без экономической оценки).
Enhancing Food Safety through Adoption of Long-Term Technical Advisory, Financial and Storage Support Services in Maize Growing Areas of East Africa
Authors: Mutiga Samuel , Mushongi Arnold , Kang'ethe Erastus
Published: April 2019

Grain production and storage are major components in food security. In the ancient times, food security was achieved through gathering of fruits, grains, herbs, tubers, and roots from the forests by individual households. Advancements in human civilization led to domestication of crops and a need to save food for not only a household, but the nation. This extended need for food security led to establishment of national reservoirs for major produces and this practice varies greatly in different states. Each of the applied food production, handling and storage approaches has got its benefits and challenges. In sub-Saharan Africa, several countries have a public funded budget to subsidize production costs, to buy grains from farmers and to store the produce for a specific period and/or until the next harvests. During the times of famine, the stored grains are later given free to the citizens. If there is no famine, the grain is sold to retailers and/or processors (e.g., millers) who later sell it to the consumers. This approach works well if the produce (mainly grain) is stored under conditions that do not favor growth of molds, as some of these could contaminate the grain with toxic and carcinogenic metabolites called mycotoxins. Conditions that alleviate contamination of grains are required during production, handling and storage. Most of the grain is produced by smallholder farmers under sub-optimal conditions, which make vulnerable to colonization and contamination by toxigenic fungi. Further, the grain is stored in silos at large masses, where it is hard to monitor the conditions at different points of these facilities, and hence it becomes vulnerable to additional contamination. Production and storage of grain under conditions that favor mycotoxins poses major food health and safety risks to humans and livestock who consume the grain. This concept paper focuses on how establishment of local grain production and banking system (LGPBS) could enhance food security and safety in East Africa. The concept of LGPBS provides an extension of advisory and finance support within warehouse receipting system to enhance grain production under optimal conditions. The major practices at the LGPBS, and how each could contribute to food security and safety are discussed. While the concept paper gives more strength on maize production and safety, similar practices could be applied to enhance safety of other grains in the same LGPBS.
The Dumping-Based Unfair Trade in World Trade Organization WTO
Authors: Niknamian Sorush
Published: April 2019

As one of the unfair procedures, dumping acts as a tool for illegal competition used by some of enterprises in foreign market and it can destruct domestic production sectors of importer countries. Whereas general regulations of World Trade Organization (WTO) have emphasized on accepting of free trade system and thus reducing of tariff barriers and required member states to coordinate their economic and legal structures with regulations of this organization so the risk has been increased for occurrence of dumping. The antidumping WTO agreement includes some measures e.g. enforcement and imposing of additional levies to fight against this anti-competitive activity that is taken usually with the request from domestic producers by the governments. The unfair trade procedures are some measures based on unfair method in which the goal and result are creation of disorder in the market and injury to benefits of commercial partners. In these procedures, the competitive potential is noticeably increased for the goods that enjoyed unfair measures. The government may not play role in dumping while the commercial enterprises import their products at price lower than usual value to capture market from their rivals. Thus, this main research question is proposed: What are the foremost strategies in WTO to tackle with dumping problem? In response to the major hypothesis, it has been emphasized on this point that presentation of countervailing duties, subsidies and civil liability are the foremost solution to fight against dumping in WTO.
Cost effectiveness analysis of plasma genotyping versus tumor genotyping in detection of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor and T790M mutation under the Brazilian private healthcare system perspective
Authors: Santos Marcos , Custodio Marcelo , Matsuo Alisson , Montenegro Giuliana , Pepe Camila , Asano Enzo , Araujo Luiz Henrique
Published: April 2019

Objective: Comparing the costs and effectiveness of plasma genotyping versus tumor genotyping for detecting the T790M mutation in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and that progressed after use of an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), from the perspective of the private healthcare system in Brazil. Methods: Patients with a post-EGFR-TKI T790M mutation are eligible for a second-line treatment with a third- -generation EGFR-TKI (osimertinib). In order to estimate the costs associated with the diagnosis method for the T790M mutation, a decision tree model has been used. Resource use was estimated by a team of experts, and the direct costs were estimated based on official databases. Results: Plasma genotyping provided a R$391 reduction per patient, due to the reduced cost with complications; it prevented 40.96% of the patients from undergoing an invasive procedure and 31.91% of the pa[1]tients from having any kind of complication. Conclusion: Data found support a new paradigm for treating the resistance to EGFR-TKIs, with plasma genotyping as the first diagnostic choice, what can help to define the treatment and to reduce the costs of Brazilian private healthcare system.
Custeio Baseado em Atividade e Tempo (TDABC) em um departamento de radiologia hospitalar no sul do Brasil
Authors: Daroit Naíla , Ruschel Karen , Tarrago Frederico , Etges Ana Paula
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Mensurar o custo dos serviços do departamento de radiologia de um hospital privado no sul do Brasil e avaliar o desempenho financeiro do setor quando comparado ao repasse da tabela aos hospitais do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Métodos: Estudo de caso baseado na metodologia Custeio Baseado em Atividade e Tempo (TDABC). Após a definição dos exames de maior incidência, houve a análise do processo de realização de exames de radiografia de tórax, ecografia de abdômen total, tomografia de crânio, tomografia de tórax, ecografia pélvica transvaginal, ecografia de aparelho urinário e ressonância magnética de crânio. Foram coletados os tempos das atividades para a realização de cada exame, informações dos custos do departamento, bem como as definições das capacidades dos serviços para calcular o custo dos exames em função das atividades e tempo. Resultados: Pode-se inferir que, na comparação com os valores de repasse do SUS, todos os exames analisados apresentaram custos superiores ao repasse. Além disso, observou-se que cerca de 80% dos custos estão relacionados ao custo fixo da estrutura do departamento de radiologia e 12%, ao profissional médico. Conclusão: O TDABC demonstrou ser um método oportuno para análise de custeio em um departamento de radiologia hospitalar. Por meio dos resultados apresentados, pode- -se propor melhorias a fim de reduzir custos para um maior desempenho do serviço.
Estimation of Drained Rock Volume DRV and Pressure Depletion using Discrete Fracture Model and Complex Analysis Methods
Authors: Khanal Aadi , Weijermars Ruud
Published: April 2019

The objective of this study is to visualize the drained rock volume (DRV) and pressure depletion in hydraulically and naturally fractured reservoirs, using a high-resolution simulator to plot streamlines and time-of-flight contours that outline the DRV, based on computationally efficient complex potentials. A recently developed expression based on fast, grid-less Complex Analysis Methods (CAM) is applied to model the flow through discrete natural fractures with variable hydraulic conductivity. The impact of natural fractures on the local development of DRV contours and streamline patterns is analyzed. A sensitivity analysis of various permeability contrasts between natural fractures and the matrix is included. The results show that the DRV near hydraulic fractures is significantly affected by the presence of nearby natural fractures. The DRV location shifts according to the orientations, permeability and the density of the natural fractures. Reservoirs with numerous natural fractures result in highly distorted DRV shapes as compared to reservoirs without any discernable natural fractures. Additionally, the DRV shift due to natural fractures may contribute to enhanced well-interference by flow channeling via the natural fractures, as well as the creation of undrained rock volumes between the natural fractures. Complementary pressure depletion plots for each case show how the local pressure field changes, in a heterogeneous reservoir, due to the presence of natural fractures. The results from this study offer insights on how natural fractures affect the DRV and pressure contour plots. This study uses a fast grid-less and meshless high-resolution flow simulation tool based on CAM to simulate the flow in heterogeneous naturally fractured porous media. The CAM tool provides a practical/efficient simulation platform, complementary to grid-based reservoir simulators.
Analytical Solution of Chemical Flooding in Heterogeneous Non-Communicating Layers With a Focus on Low Salinity Water Flooding
Authors: Al-Ibadi Hasan , Stephen Karl , Mackay Eric
Published: April 2019

As an enhanced oil recovery method (EOR), chemical flooding has been implemented intensively for some years. Low Salinity WaterFlooding (LSWF) is a method that has become increasingly attractive. The prediction of reservoir behaviour can be made through numerical simulations and greatly helps with field management decisions. Simulations can be costly to run however and also incur numerical errors. Historically, analytical solutions were developed for the flow equations for waterflooding conditions, particularly for non-communicating strata. These have not yet been extended to chemical flooding which we do here, particularly for LSWF. Dispersion effects within layers also affect these solutions and we include these in this work.

Using fractional flow theory, we derive a mathematical solution to the flow equations for a set of layers to predict fluid flow and solute transport. Analytical solutions tell us the location of the lead (formation) waterfront in each layer. Previously, we developed a correction to this to include the effects of numerical and physical dispersion, based on one dimensional models. We used a similar correction to predict the location of the second waterfront in each layer which is induced by the chemical's effect on mobility. In this work we show that in multiple non-communicating layers, material balance can be used to deduce the inter-layer relationships of the various fronts that form. This is based on similar analysis developed for waterflooding although the calculations are more complex because of the development of multiple fronts.

The result is a predictive tool that we compare to numerical simulations and the precision is very good. Layers with contrasting petrophysical properties and wettability are considered. We also investigate the relationship between the fractional flow, effective salinity range, salinity dispersion and salinity retardation.

This work allows us to predict fluids and solute behaviour in reservoirs with non-communicating strata without running a simulator. The recovery factor and vertical sweeping efficiency are also very predictable. This helps us to upscale LSWF by deriving pseudo relative permeability based on our extension of fractional flow and solute transport into such 2D systems.