bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies of Compensation for “Missing” Categories in L1 and L2: Between Verbs and Nouns in Narrative and Expository Texts
Authors: Kupersmitt Judy , Laks Lior
Published: December 2015

The study reported in the present article examined the strategies used by speaker-writers of two Semitic languages, Hebrew and (Modern Standard) Arabic, in order to compensate for the lack of grammaticized categories in comparable written narrative and expository texts. For this purpose, we analyzed film-based texts written in Hebrew by native speakers of Hebrew and Arabic as closely related languages that differ in the linguistic constructions available for expression of predicative content. Both Hebrew and Arabic lack a productive system of non-finite forms. Hebrew gerunds, for instance, are highly marked and rare in usage while Arabic lacks a grammatical category corresponding to the infinitive. Our focus was on such categories, as intermediate between nouns and verbs. Texts were compared by quantitative distributions of target forms and by their functions in narratives and expository compositions. The study revealed no quantitative differences between Hebrew and Arabic speakers with regard to the distribution of non-tensed forms in their writing. The latter did not tend to use nominalizations in the contexts where the grammar of Hebrew requires an infinitive; however, they employed such forms in a greater number of various functions and syntactic contexts. From a cross-generic perspective, non-tensed forms were more frequent in expository texts than in narratives, following modal propositions that typically require infinitival complements. The study thus suggests non-obvious differences between speaker-writers of closely related languages in the expression of predicative content in narratives as compared with expository discourse. By shedding light on strategies adopted by advanced learners of a second language in the course of text construction, the findings of the study indicate important avenues for further corpus-based research in Semitic languages and have implications for language pedagogy.
Innovative Designation of Diminution in the Writings of Abraham Shlonsky
Authors: Yemini Bat-Zion
Published: December 2015

This paper analyzes and morphologically categorizes the numerous linguistic innovations coined by the famous poet, journalist, and translator Avraham Shlonsky to express various shades and aspects of diminution. It demonstrates, in particular, that such innovations are especially common in his translations and that most of them are formed linearly rather than discontinuously, through the sophisticated and often unique use of various means, such as combinations of suffixes and reduplications. Apparently, in translating from source languages with a rich array of diminutions, especially Russian, Shlonsky felt compelled to innovate in order to remain faithful to the original. His own Hebrew oeuvre was also affected but less directly and therefore to a lesser extent.
Jesus and the Pharisees through the Eyes of Two Modern Hebrew Writers: A Contrarian Perspective
Authors: Stahl Neta
Published: December 2015

As a response to the New Testament narrative in which the Pharisees are portrayed as Jesus’ foes, the modern Jewish discourse tends to stress the continuity between the historical Jesus and the Pharisees. In the current article, I discuss the surprising texts of two major twentieth-century Hebrew writers, Uri Zvi Greenberg and Pinchas Sadeh, who adopted the New Testament version of the story of Jesus, siding with him against the Pharisees. Discussing different aspects of this interesting transition, I claim that we should understand it as a part of these authors’ attempt to distinguish themselves from traditional, rabbinic Judaism.
The Art of Persuasion and the Book of Ruth: Literary Devices in the Persuasive Speeches of Ruth 1:6–18
Authors: Michael Matthew
Published: December 2015

Drawing from contemporary studies in real-life persuasion, the present paper underscores its centrality in the book of Ruth. I investigate the persuasive elegance of the opening scene (1:6–18) and its representational importance to subsequent scenes of persuasion in Ruth. The paper describes specific literary devices deployed by Naomi and Ruth in their quest to persuade each other. In particular, it notes the persuasive effects of repetitions, rhetorical questions, hypothetical scenes, emotive language, polite addresses, and oath-swearing formulae. Additionally, I highlight the importance of these devices in the protagonists’ characterization, the book’s plot, and its narrative space.
A Question of Truth: Form, Structure, and Character in Der man fun Natseres
Authors: Weininger Melissa
Published: December 2015

Sholem Asch’s Yiddish novel Der man fun Natseres (The man from Nazareth) offers an account of Jesus’ life that seems to accord with the Gospels but in fact represents their radical rewriting. Ostensibly a historical narrative, Der man fun Natseres challenges the very notion of historicity and a monolithic interpretation of the Gospel texts. Instead, it offers a pluralistic, multivalent, even contradictory characterization of Jesus through the eyes of minor participants in the story, some of whom are identified through a framing technique with contemporary characters. In this way, Asch subtly questions the validity of religious dogma and historical “truth.”
Reassessing Secondary Stress and Stress Shift in Israeli Hebrew
Authors: Bolozky Shmuel
Published: December 2015

The description and analysis of secondary stress distribution in Israeli Hebrew was first attempted in the early 1980s. Some important issues are still unresolved, particularly the question of whether function words should be lexically stressed or underlyingly unmarked for stress, and the interaction of destressing, secondary stress assignment, and stress shift. This is an attempt to settle these questions.
Hebrew Neologisms in the Writings of Anton Shammas
Authors: Shakour Adel , Tarabeih Abdallah
Published: December 2015

The article examines the impact of Arabic on Hebrew writings of a prominent Arab Israeli author. Specifically, it studies lexical neologisms in Shammas’s original Hebrew novel Arabesques as well as in his translations of Emile Habibi from Arabic into Hebrew. The distinctive literary language of Shammas that these neologisms help to shape is discussed against the multifaceted background of the complex sociocultural phenomenon of Arab authors in Israel writing in Hebrew, including the significance of Hebrew for Israeli Arabs, the incidence of Hebrew writing among them, the bilingual literary production of Arab authors, and their reluctant acceptance by Israeli society.
“Are All Your Laws Left Handed!”: Property Rights and the Timber Trade in Early Nineteenth-Century Prince Edward Island
Authors: Bittermann Rusty , McCallum Margaret
Published: December 2015

Le présent article traite du vol de bois d’œuvre dans les forêts de l’Île-du-Prince-Édouard au moment de l’essor de l’exploitation forestière au début du XIX e siècle. Il soutient que les grands propriétaires fonciers privés qui possédaient la majeure partie des forêts de l’île ont moins bien réussi à enrayer la coupe illégale ou à obtenir des revenus du bois sur pied que les autorités du Nouveau-Brunswick voisin, où une bonne partie de la récolte forestière provenait des terres de la Couronne. Le fait que les propriétaires fonciers ne soient pas parvenus à refréner le mépris généralisé de leurs revendications sur la propriété des forêts qui couvraient leurs domaines est ici envisagé dans le contexte plus large de la question foncière à l’Île-du-Prince-Édouard.
Le Mur des représentations: Images emblématiques et inconfortables du passé québécois
Authors: Létourneau Jocelyn , Cousson Claire , Daignault Lucie , Daigle Johanne
Published: December 2015

Every society, nation, or country is associated with a set of representations that appear to embody its essential elements. These fabricated representations, which are accurate to a greater or lesser degree, influence the popular consciousness and help build the shared identities of peoples. Which images reflect the Québécois experience—or “Québécité”—of “ordinary people” over time and which images, according to these same people, are unsuited or apparently foreign to Québécité? This exploratory survey involving 427 people identifies the emblematic and uncomfortable representations of Québécité and goes to the heart of the popular production of meaning, an area neglected by contemporary historical research.
The Right to Food Under Hugo Chávez
Authors: Howard-Hassmann Rhoda E.
Published: December 2015

This article investigates the right to food in Venezuela under President Hugo Chávez (1999–2013). Although Chávez respected Venezuelans’ right to food, he failed to protect it. In the short term, he fulfilled the right to food by establishing state-run stores where food was sold cheaply, and by imposing price controls. At the same time, he reduced the food supply by undermining property rights, expropriating large-scale ranches as well as wholesale and retail distributors. Violations of civil and political rights made it difficult for Chávez’s critics to oppose his food policies. By the time Chávez died food shortages were extremely severe.
Champions: The Realities of Realizing the Right to Education in India
Authors: Kelly Orla , Bhabha Jacqueline , Krishna Aditi
Published: December 2015

This article presents the findings of a mixed methods study that explores the individual, social, and infrastructure factors that influence educational participation of 403 “Champions” in Maharashtra, India. Champions are defined as second year female college students whose parents completed a primary school education or less. The results of the study, as framed by Kenneth McLeroy et al’s social ecology model, suggest “Champions” owe their success primarily to exceptional levels of familial support, mentorship from teachers, and personal resilience in the face of considerable obstacles including inadequate facilities and rampant sexual harassment. These findings mount a critique of the efficacy of public educational measures targeted at improving gender equality in education.
Relativity in Universality: Jack Donnelly’s Grand Theory in Need of Specific Illustrations
Authors: Afshari Reza
Published: December 2015

Assuming that human rights advocacy still largely hales from the West, Jack Donnelly asserts that it would gain additional legitimacy by recognizing the differences between Western cultures and others. Advocating “special caution and sensitivity,” he calls for “relative universality .” Other scholars advocate similar views. At the same time Donnelly agrees with the new anthropological insight about the “deeply contested” nature of cultures in the global South, as elsewhere, that in my view makes the recognition of the cultural differences across North-South axis almost impossible. How could Western advocates decide which of the fractions in a given contested culture should be nominated for culturally-sensitive considerations to arrive at “relative universality ?” A significant section of his theory explains how universalism can be relativized in “interpretation” and “implementation.” I contend that scholars, exploring the notion of “tempered” universality, should focus on the violating nation-states and posit their theories on the corpus of the available documentations and analyses. Hypothetical examples without references to specific human rights reports cannot be practically useful for monitoring and advocacy.
The UN Special Rapporteur on Trafficking: A Turbulent Decade in Review
Authors: Gallagher Anne T. , Ezeilo Joy Ngozi
Published: December 2015

In 2004, largely in response to external developments, the predecessor to the United Nations Human Rights Council appointed a Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons with an explicit mandate to address the human rights aspects of trafficking. This article critically assesses the first decade of that mandate—identifying important achievements but also acknowledging substantial challenges in securing effective responses to trafficking that both protect and advance human rights. In looking ahead it considers the broader lessons that this experience may hold for the emergent global movement against human exploitation—and the place of human rights in the dynamic but often chaotic and schismatic environment that has emerged around trafficking over the past decade.
Beyond Representation and Simulation: Surviving the Age of Mediation and Its Failure in Kim Young-ha’s Quiz Show
Authors: Shin Haerin
Published: December 2015

This article examines how the melancholic tradition of Korean literature takes a new turn toward epistemological disillusionment through Kim Young-ha’s (Kim Yŏngha) novel K’wijǔ syo (Quiz show, 2007). On the rapidly shifting horizons of unprecedented stability and prosperity, while exposed to the alienating effects of the newly emergent media-driven society where the meaning of community becomes fragmented and obscured behind scintillating screens clamoring with masked identities, writers of this era and thereon faced the double-bind of an ironic grief over the “loss of a shared sense of loss (beloved values)” that upheld the realist tradition, such as sovereignty, political integrity, and economic stability. Focusing on the gaps and overlaps between the representative functions of conventional media such as film, and the disconcertingly visceral incarnations of human desire and fallacy we see in the simulacra of new media platforms including cellphone texts and Internet chat rooms, this article suggests that Quiz Show responds to this challenge by highlighting the impossibility of “knowing,” whether the subject is one’s own self, institutional values, or even the very fabrics of reality. Reading the protagonists misadventures through tortuous passages of failed communication, representation, and simulation of new ideals, I discuss the story as a reflection on the identity crisis Korea’s younger generations were wading through amid the material abundance and ideological void in the 1990s. The spectral fragments of electronically mediated interaction we see throughout the novel, I claim, is an inquiry into what one may be, or even how one cannot be anyone at all, in a society where nothing can be safely identified or identified with anymore.
The Vernacular Aesthetics of Conte Adaptations of Western Films in Late Colonial Korea
Authors: Chon Woohyung
Published: December 2015

When four contes were serialized under the title of “Yŏnghwa esŏ odǔn kkongt’ǔ” (contes adapted from films; hereafter Cinema Conte) in the Chosŏn ilbo (Chosŏn daily) in 1937, they provided an important assessment of imperial Japan’s success with its cinema control polices in colonial Korea. The 1934 Regulation Ordinance for Motion Pictures stipulated that Japan begin reducing the number of Western film screenings in the colony to protect both the growing Japanese and colonial cinema. The policy’s full effect was expected to materialize by 1937. Cinema Conte’s adaptation process of four Western films into contes reflects this context of Western films’ reception in colonial Korea in 1937. The four authors of Cinema Conte highlight Japan’s institutional restrictions on Western films and the colonial Koreans resultant sense of deprivation by transforming Western movie satires into contes, a genre considered marginal at the time, while directing their satire against the contemporary, politically induced distortion of colonial Korean’s cultural experience of Western films. In this sense, Cinema Conte represents a political aesthetic, or aesthetic politics, which illustrates the unique emotional toll the geopolitical status as a colony had on Koreans. At the same time it performed the cultural work of sublimating Koreans’ frustrated passion into potent pathos.
Chains of Comparison, Difference in Empathy: Dialogic Texts in Colonial Korea and Taiwan
Authors: Shin Ji Young
Published: December 2015

What can we learn today from the contacts between the ethnic others who met as objects of colonial comparison? Using dialogic texts (letters, special issues of journals, and roundtables) produced in colonial Korea and Taiwan, this article asks “Can ‘Others’ meet without comparisons?” in order to investigate the “colonial contacts” of East Asia. In doing so, its perspective diverges from previous studies in three ways: first, by focusing on the relationship between the colonized rather than between the colonizer and the colonized; second, by conceptualizing the moments of empathy between the colonized as a function of their respective differences and particularities rather than their homogeneity as targets of oppression; and third, by examining the ambivalence of the colonized rather than the colonizer.

The moments when the colonized met according to the norms of colonial power were moments of ambivalent empathy when the colonized “competed yet empathized” and found themselves “compared yet implicated.” At the very moment, they also shared the empathy of “unavoidable discomfort” and “trembling before untranslatability.” An examination of these ambivalent moments thus makes visible the potential for Korea and Taiwan—or two “Others”—to come into contact through “particularity and difference” in a way that diverges from the path of colonial power.
Contested Boundaries: psychiatry, disease, and diagnosis
Authors: Rosenberg Charles E.
Published: December 2015

Since the 19th century, we have come to think of disease in terms of specific entities—entities defined and legitimated in terms of characteristic somatic mechanisms. Since the last third of that century, we have expanded would-be disease categories to include an ever-broader variety of emotional pain, idiosyncrasy, and culturally unsettling behaviors. Psychiatry has been the residuary legatee of these developments, developments that have always been contested at the ever-shifting boundary between disease and deviance, feeling and symptom, the random and the determined, the stigmatized and the value-free. Even in our era of reductionist hopes, psychopharmaceutical practice, and corporate strategies, the legitimacy of many putative disease categories will remain contested. The use of the specific disease entity model will always be a reductionist means to achieve necessarily holistic ends, both in terms of cultural norms and the needs of suffering individuals. Bureaucratic rigidities and stakeholder conflicts structure and intensify such boundary conflicts, as do the interests and activism of an interested lay public.
With Bated Breath: diagnosis of respiratory illness
Authors: Carel Havi
Published: December 2015

This essay recounts the author’s experience of diagnosis of a rare respiratory condition in order to invite a broader reflection on the nature of diagnosis. Diagnosis is a pivotal moment in one’s illness experience, and it can be viewed as both a closure of possibilities and an opening of new, unanticipated ones. The notion of anticipation is also important to the illness experience, in that anticipation and waiting characterize the illness experience generally—in waiting rooms, anticipating test results—as well as the change in one’s attitude towards the future, which becomes fearsome in illness.
Autonomy and Values: Why the Conventional Theory of Autonomy is Not Value-Neutral
Authors: Kious Brent M.
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Autonomy is the property of individuals’ decisions that makes them immune to paternalistic interference. Conventionally, a decision is taken to be autonomous if and only if it is competent (rational and well informed) and voluntary (made by the agent herself). This theory of autonomy is ostensibly value-neutral, because competence and voluntariness are thought to be independent of the merits of the decision-maker’s values. I argue, however, that the non-autonomy of several classes of decisions (made by persons with anorexia nervosa, drug addiction, and depression, and by children) can be explained neither by incompetence nor by a value-neutral conception of voluntariness. Instead, if these decisions really are non-autonomous, it is because voluntariness, and so autonomy, can be undermined when a person’s values do not reflect accurately her own objective good. In such cases, autonomy is not as value-neutral as it may seem, and attempts to explicate the non-autonomy of these decisions in a value-neutral fashion seem to succeed largely insofar as their criteria are indirect evidence of inappropriate values.
Evidence-based Medicine in Context: A Pragmatist Approach to Psychiatric Practice
Authors: Moen Jorid
Published: December 2015

Abstract: The debate concerning evidence-based medicine (EBM) is often articulated in dichotomous terms. For example, it has been claimed that EBM is linked epistemologically to the theory of foundationalism and that important critics of EBM emerge from anti-foundationalist epistemologies. This may leave us stuck in an overly general and fruitless debate concerning how different kinds of knowledge should be ranked. By contrast, when framed in less dichotomous terms, opposing positions of EBM might be brought to agree that the different perspectives they represent are both relevant and important for psychiatric practice. Disagreement would then focus on how the perspectives should be related and weighted. In this paper, I use contemporary pragmatism’s conception of a vocabulary to bypass the realism–relativism dichotomy and to make a rethinking of EBM’s role in psychiatry. According to this approach, scientific evidence as well as narrative perspectives should always be evaluated in specific contexts, according to how well they serve our concrete, particular ends. Although the role of scientific evidence in the formation of psychiatric practice is indisputably important, that role is not to provide a basis , in any meaningful, non-ambiguous sense, for psychiatry as such. This point is illustrated by a pragmatist approach to Straus et al.’s operationalized version of EBM.
Re-envisioned Contributions: Experiences of Faculty Employed at Institutional Types that Differ from their Original Aspirations
Authors: Terosky Aimee LaPointe , Gonzales Leslie D.
Published: December 2015

Guided by the theory of figured worlds, this qualitative study focuses on 18 faculty members employed at community colleges, broad access liberal arts, comprehensives, and regional research universities, who have constructed professionally and personally meaningful careers at institutions that differ from their original aspirations and/or their graduate training. We offer two key findings that highlight how these professors re-envision their careers and contributions by advancing the learning of others and engaging in inquiry for purposes other than publication. In highlighting these two key themes, we expose tensions that participants experienced and navigated as they reenvisioned their careers.
Left Unsaid: The Role of Work Expectations and Psychological Contracts in Faculty Careers and Departure
Authors: O’Meara KerryAnn , Bennett Jessica Chalk , Neihaus Elizabeth
Published: December 2015

Early career faculty bring many expectations to the door-steps of their new academic homes. Yet such expectations are often left unsaid. Unfortunately, what is left unsaid can be a major factor in faculty departure. This study makes a distinct contribution to the departure literature by examining the psychological contracts and work expectations of 33 faculty who left or were about to leave their university. Unfulfilled expectations and broken contracts about professional relationships, the nature of faculty work and the reward system, and resources shaped faculty departure decisions. We draw implications for the recruitment and retention of early career faculty.
Subjetividad lingüística e identidad masculina en los textos autobiográficos de Carlos Barral
Authors: Aguilar Anna Casas
Published: December 2015

This article analyzes how the writer and publisher Carlos Barral (Barcelona, 1928–89) talks about his relationship with the Catalan language in many of his autobiographical texts. Examining the close connections that Barral establishes between Catalan and masculinity, I argue that the relationship between language and masculine models is essential for Barral in explaining why Spanish—and not Catalan—was the language in which he chose to write. Barral associates Catalan with his childhood, an important language needed to understand the self and closely related to Calafell, a small town situated on the Catalan coast where he spent time as a child. Catalan is also the language of the father and the fishermen from Calafell, men Barral considered role models during his childhood but who disappeared as he grew up. The article considers how Barral’s choosing Castilian over Catalan as a literary language and as the language of his publishing business is explained in the author’s texts as related to the disappearance of the father and the fishermen of Calafell, popular men who vanish in favor of the bourgeois and urban intellectuals who are Barral’s literary colleagues of the generación de medio siglo and who also wrote in Spanish. With this analysis, I aim to highlight how, in Carlos Barral’s texts, linguistic subjectivity is constructed vis-à-vis ideas of class and gender and how certain personal and libidinal elements are presented as essential in explaining Barral’s decision to use Spanish as a literary language.
Narrative Didacticism in Amelia Opie’s Adeline Mowbray
Authors: Hill Cecily Erin
Published: December 2015

Alfred Tennyson’s In Memoriam (1850) uses polyptoton—the repetition of a word in different forms or grammatical cases—with extraordinary frequency and to extraordinary effect. The trope powerfully reinforces two of the poem’s central motifs. First, polyptoton embodies, at a verbal level, the constant evolutionary change that proves so crucial to the imagery and ideology of the poem. Second, polyptoton reflects the poem’s speculation, its tendency to offer varying ideas about a single theme. The trope carries important resonances not only for Tennyson’s poem but also for the genre of elegy, which depends on the ability and willingness to imagine alternatives.
Towards a ‘Brave New World’: Tracing the Emergence of Creolization in Maryse Condé’s Canonical Rewritings
Authors: Collins Holly
Published: December 2015

In this article I examine three of Maryse Condé’s novels, I, Tituba: Black Witch of Salem, Windward Heights ( La Migration des cœurs ) and La Belle Créole , rewritings of Arthur Miller’s The Crucible , Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights and D.H. Lawrence’s Lady Chatterley’s Lover respectively. The ideas on race that were created during the nineteenth-century colonial exploits remain in the collective memory of post-colonial societies, on both sides. Maryse Condé, a native of Guadeloupe, has in many ways in her prolific career challenged prevalent assumptions about race and postcolonial peoples. Her rewriting of Western literary tradition is an important endeavor that re-examines versions of Western history on slavery and colonial times, thus challenging Western conceptions of “blacks” and “non-whites.” I examine the way in which Condé deconstructs certain dualisms highly characteristic of Western thought and racial perceptions, principally the conception of white vs. black. What is significant about Condé’s process is that she does not attempt to replace one construction with another that is equally as contrived. Rather, in privileging a creolized notion of identity, Condé focuses on the reality that lies outside of dualistic, “either/or” thinking.
Le couple nègre martiniquais, quel modèle : L’exemple de D’eaux douces
Authors: Vété-Congolo Hanétha
Published: December 2015

Cet article analyse le roman de Fabienne Kanor D’eaux douces (2004) particulièrement le discours femmiste qui y est articulé concernant les principes du rapport de couple entre femmes et hommes nègres de Martinique. Le protagoniste femme tue son partenaire après avoir considéré la dynamique de couple qu’elle considère devoir être décolonisée. La dynamique de couple est fonction d’un héritage historique colonial à dépasser. Le discours fait écho à celui de la Négritude mais se révèle finalement autonome dans son orientation historique et féministe. Il met en avant un nouveau type de littérature martiniquaise produite par les femmes.
Douceur d’un autre monde : Sexuality, Disembodiment, and the Young Woman’s Voice in Les Misérables
Authors: Lewis Briana
Published: December 2015

The 1843 death of Léopoldine, daughter of Victor Hugo, was one of the most significant events in the author’s life, and one of the best known in literary history. In this essay, I show that the Les Misérables characters Fantine, Éponine, and Cosette, long understood as avatars of Léopoldine, serve as rewritings of the daughter’s disembodiment through death and as explorations of the troubling issue of the daughter’s sexuality. I examine Hugo’s surprisingly frequent representations of the young women’s voices as distinct from their bodies, to disembodying and spiritualizing effect. These three young women thus become rewritings of Léopoldine that play a role in the author’s long journey toward reconciliation with his discomfort at her marriage and grief at her death, unified with the novel’s social mission.
Defending Divinity: A Teresian Carmelite Responds to Ernest Renan’s Vie de Jésus
Authors: Hanna Daniel
Published: December 2015

This article takes as its object the literary response of the cloistered Carmelite nun Marie-Aimée de Jésus (née Dorothea Quoniam, 1839-1874) to Ernest Renan’s 1863 Vie de Jésus . The reaction of Marie-Aimée de Jésus to Renan’s portrayal of Jesus as admirable man—but not divine, and not the Son of God—came in two forms, and bore the particular stamp of the founder of the Reformed Carmelite Order, Teresa of Avila. In her lengthy prose response to Renan, Jésus-Christ est le Fils de Dieu , and also in a manuscript poem, presented for the first time in this study, Marie-Aimée imitated Teresa of Avila in both form and content, drawing upon the parallel literary forms Teresa herself used and employing Teresian literary motifs. Following the presentation and analysis of Marie-Aimée’s texts, the broader implications of her literary reaction to Renan are considered, and include the need for re-reading of the poetry of Teresa of Avila, and the status of “unpublished” writings by cloistered nuns. It is hoped that this study will help to further bring the literary production of French cloistered nuns to light, just as scholarship on the production of Spanish cloistered nuns has done so effectively in recent years.
Entretien avec Bestine Kazadi Ditabala
Authors: De Raedt Thérèse
Published: December 2015

Passionnée et engagée, maître Bestine Kazadi milite pour la cause des femmes. En tant qu’avocate elle poursuit avec acharnement son combat pour les Congolaises sur le terrain, mais elle lutte également, à travers sa poésie, contre toutes les violences qui leur sont faites. Cet entretien porte essentiellement sur ses recueils de poésies : Congo, mots pour maux (2006) dans lequel elle déclare son amour pour son pays tout en faisant appel à la vigilance et Infi(r)niment femme (2009) porte-flambeau du mouvement qu’elle a baptisé La Croisade pour la paix en République Démocratique du Congo . Il traite aussi de son engagement pour l’amélioration des conditions de vie des femmes congolaises et se termine avec une discussion de son œuvre, plus récente, en prose et la difficulté que rencontrent les écrivains africains à se faire publier en dehors de la France.
Care and the Bodily Identity of the Urban besogneuse in Gabrielle Roy’s Bonheur d’occasion
Authors: Kubiak Aubrey Jones
Published: December 2015

This article presents Gabrielle Roy’s 1945 novel Bonheur d’Occasion as a reading of the female literary body that contributed to nascent changes in feminine literary subjectivity in Quebec’s cultural texts leading up to the Quiet Revolution, and one that provides a critical approach to a matrix of meaning that has been largely overlooked in studies of the novel and of Quebec’s fiction at large: namely, that of love, labor, and the body in the emerging urban setting. Establishing subjectivity as necessarily corporeal, the article demonstrates that by examining the configurations, movements, and ornamentation of the female body-subject in Gabrielle Roy’s Bonheur d’Occasion , a careful reader will note that Roy’s female protagonists, Rose-Anna and Florentine, begin to move away from their position as mere objects of the male gaze and as commodities in “l’ordre de la production” of which male habitants were the proprietors (Boynard-Frot 126). This shift toward literary women’s subjectivity is effected by means of what I define as care, that is, the convergence of love and labor, or affect and duty. Female body-subjects in Roy’s work are portrayed as inter -subjects, finding meaning and authenticity when their labor is marked by affect linking them to a loved one. When their actions and desires are out of alignment, both body and subjectivity deteriorate, signaled by mechanization and disfigurement.
A SOLIDARIEDADE SOCIAL COMO INSTRUMENTO PARA SUPERAÇÃO DA CRISE DA DEMOCRACIA REPRESENTATIVA
Authors: De Moraes Weidlich Amanda , Schneider Paulo Henrique
Published: December 2015

A democracia representativa moderna passa por um momento de intensa crise, resultado das limitações do modelo de representação, do descrédito das instituições democráticas e do recrudescimento do individualismo exacerbado. Dessa forma, empregando-se o método hipotético dedutivo, a partir de um breve apanhado histórico e da identificação e análise dos elementos que levaram a essa crise, sugere-se a valorização da ideia de solidarismo social como meio de possível superação dos conflitos democráticos, a partir do estabelecimento de um novo paradigma ético à democracia, fundado no resgate do sentimento de solidariedade e na constatação da interdependência entre os cidadãos.
PERSPECTIVAS DE APLICAÇÃO DO ABUSO DO DIREITO ÀS RELAÇÕES EXISTENCIAIS
Authors: Nunes de Souza Eduardo
Published: December 2015

O presente trabalho visa a apresentar o abuso do direito como modalidade de controle valorativo dos atos de autonomia privada que se associa, não com um comportamento malicioso, mas simplesmente com o exercício de certa situação jurídica subjetiva contrário à sua função. Essa perspectiva permite estender a aplicação da figura também às relações de natureza existencial, na medida em que tais situações, sendo dotadas de um perfil funcional, são passíveis de exercícios contrários a esse perfil.
IMUNIDADE TRIBUTÁRIA AO CRÉDITO DE CARBONO: COM BASE NO PRINCÍPIO DA PREVENÇÃO OU PRECAUÇÃO
Authors: De Araujo Sandri Gabriel
Published: December 2015

O aquecimento global, ocasionado pela elevação da emissão de gases de efeito estufa, é um problema transnacional que preocupa toda a humanidade. Apesar de inexistir consenso científico sobre a correlação entre a emissão antrópica de gases de efeito estufa e aquecimento global, a importância da sua redução pode ser superada com escólio nos princípios da prevenção e da precaução. Sob essas premissas, o objetivo do presente artigo é fundamentar a criação de uma imunidade tributária ao crédito de carbono, a qual resultará numa redução de custos e na consequente proliferação de projetos que visem reduzir a emissão desses gases. Quanto à Metodologia empregada, registra-se a utilização do Método Indutivo na Fase de Investigação, o Método Cartesiano na Fase de Tratamento de Dados e as considerações finais composta na base lógica Indutiva. Nas diversas fases da Pesquisa foram acionadas as Técnicas do Referente, da Categoria, do Conceito Operacional e da Pesquisa Bibliográfica.
O POVO CONTRA A DEMOCRACIA: O PROBLEMA DA ABSTENÇÃO DOS INDIVÍDUOS EM RELAÇÃO AO EXERCÍCIO DE SEUS DIREITOS POLÍTICOS
Authors: Talita Lemos Tayara , Silva de Almeida Junior Benedito , Fernandes Ranieri de Mello Larissa
Published: December 2015

Esta pesquisa objetiva perquirir as causas pelas quais os indivíduos, por vezes, se abstém de exercer seus direitos políticos, alienando seu poder de decisão para um grupo seleto de pessoas. A hipótese que perpassa todo o trabalho é que o modelo liberal de democracia exacerba a importância das liberdades individuais, fazendo com que os indivíduos tendam a nutrir certa indiferença ou a se interessar menos para os/pelos assuntos de interesse público. O sistema representativo de governo também é visto como grande responsável por esse fenômeno, na medida em que quase sempre restringe o processo de participação política dos cidadãos à mera escolha de representantes. A partir daí, poder-se-á aferir os reflexos desse fenômeno na questão da legitimidade das decisões políticas, pois na medida em que todo o sistema político tem como pressuposto lógico-fundamental a soberania popular, a falta da deliberação pública dos indivíduos compromete todo esse sistema.
Refusing Detroit’s public school failure: African American women’s educational advocacy and critical care versus the politics of disposability
Authors: Wilson Camille M
Published: December 2015

This article highlights a narrative study of African American women educational advocates in Detroit and the political resistance they enact to combat the inequities of structural educational failure and disempowering neoliberal dynamics. The Detroit advocates have challenged the traditional public educational system as volunteers, family members, community activists, elected officials, and/or professional educators. The author discusses the advocates’ perspectives, experiences, and improvement strategies in light of Detroit’s complex, market-based educational landscape. Findings pertain to the advocates’ efforts to respond to educational and communal loss, family engagement barriers, insufficient school choice options, and concerns about privatization. Their narratives comprise counter-stories that illustrate theoretical notions of critical care and traditions of Black women’s political resistance used to combat the politics of disposability that hinder many urban communities. The author concludes the article by indicating how the Detroit advocates’ work can inform broader efforts to improve urban education.
Brand Image Evaluations: The Interactive Roles of Country of Manufacture, Brand Concept, and Vertical Line Extension Type
Authors: Allman Helena F. , Fenik Anton P. , Hewett Kelly , Morgan Felicia N.
Published: December 2015

Country-of-origin research has provided inconsistent findings about how the country of manufacture (COM) affects brand image evaluations. The authors examine how the COM, vertical line extension (VLE) type, and brand concept interactively affect brand image evaluations after brands introduce products in their existing product categories. The authors draw on schema congruity theory to develop a conceptual framework and confirm it using experimental methods. Results from a sample of U.S. consumers demonstrate that the COM's influence on brand image should be considered in conjunction with the type of VLE strategy and the intended conceptual meaning of a brand. Manufacturing in a country with a favorable image does not always improve brand image evaluations. Functional brands can improve their image with an upward VLE regardless of the COM; however, if these brands pursue a downward VLE, the COM has little to no effect. For prestige brands, downward VLEs result in lower postextension brand image regardless of the COM. However, a favorable COM appears to soften the negative effect of downward VLE on postextension brand image evaluations.
The Illusion of Wealth and Its Reversal
Authors: Goldstein Daniel G. , Hershfield Hal E. , Benartzi Shlomo
Published: December 2015

Research on choice architecture is shaping policy around the world, touching on areas ranging from retirement economics to environmental issues. Recently, researchers and policy makers have begun paying more attention not just to choice architecture but also to information architecture, or the format in which information is presented to people. In this article, the authors investigate information architecture as it applies to consumption in retirement. Specifically, in three experiments, they examine how people react to lump sums versus equivalent streams of monthly income. Their primary question of interest is whether people exhibit more or less sensitivity to changes in retirement wealth expressed as lump sums (e.g., $100,000) or monthly equivalents (e.g., $500 per month for life). They also test whether people exhibit an “illusion of wealth,” by which lump sums seem more adequate than monthly amounts in certain conditions, as well as the opposite effect, in which lump sums seem less adequate. They conclude by discussing how format-dependent perceptions of wealth can affect policy and consumers’ financial decision making.
The Role of (Dis)similarity in (Mis)predicting Others’ Preferences
Authors: Barasz Kate , Kim Tami , John Leslie K.
Published: December 2015

Consumers readily indicate that they like options that appear dissimilar—for example, enjoying both rustic lake vacations and chic city vacations, or liking both scholarly documentary films and action-packed thrillers. However, when predicting other consumers’ tastes for the same items, people believe that a preference for one precludes enjoyment of the dissimilar other. Five studies show that people sensibly expect others to like similar products, but erroneously expect others to dislike dissimilar ones. While people readily select dissimilar items for themselves (particularly if the dissimilar item is of higher quality than a similar one), they fail to predict this choice for others—even when monetary rewards are at stake. The tendency to infer dislike from dissimilarity is driven by a belief that others have narrow and homogeneous ranges of preferences.
A Proposed Model in which Solitons Exhibit Electron and Proton-like Behavior
Authors: Luke Jon C.
Published: December 2015

A classical model is proposed in which two nonlinear Klein–Gordon fields interact via the electromagnetic field. Scaling is such that solitons in the two fields can be interpreted as electrons and protons, respectively. Even though the masses are very different, the magnitude of the charge of the electron-like soliton is the same as that of the proton-like soliton. Attraction and repulsion occur in the desired way through the interaction with the electromagnetic field.
Generalized solution for a class of Hamilton–Jacobi equations
Authors: Zagatti Sandro
Published: December 2015

We study the Dirichlet problem for Hamilton–Jacobi equations of the form
Aristotle on the Metaphysics of Emotions
Authors: Gabbe Myrna
Published: December 2015

This article explores the nature of Aristotelian emotions and the body-soul metaphysics required to undergird them. The point of departure is an oft-cited argument that appeals to our experience of fear and anger to show the inseparability of the soul. My claim is that this argument is commonly misunderstood: that the intended target is not a separable soul, but an embodied soul. Reinterpreted, we find that Aristotle is driven by an interest to integrate the sentient body with the intellect. And while, on this interpretation, the argument does not support a functionalist reading of Aristotle on the soul, it does suggest that Aristotle shares key intuitions with Embodied Cognition theorists and neuroscientist Antonio Damasio, in particular, who demonstrates the dependence of reason on the body.
Delivery and cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and temozolomide to primary glioblastoma cells using gold nanospheres and gold nanorods
Authors: Verma Jyoti , Van Veen Henk A. , Lal Sumit , Van Noorden Cornelis J.F.
Published: December 2015

Nanoparticles with coating entrapping a chemotherapeutic drug for delivery have not been tested for their cytotoxic effects in in-vitro glioblastoma cell cultures to increase treatment efficacy. Therefore, we synthesized silica-coated gold nanorods and gold nanospheres that were loaded with doxorubicin or temozolomide. The morphology of the nanoparticles was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the molecular structure was characterized using infrared spectroscopy and in vitro efficacy was determined using glioblastoma cell cultures. TEM analysis showed that gold nanorods had a length of 49–65 nm and a diameter of 8.5–14 nm whereas gold nanospheres had a diameter of 9.5–37 nm. Infrared spectroscopy of doxorubicin and temozolomide and the silica coating revealed molecular fingerprints such as bending, stretching and vibrations of chemical bonds that confirmed the presence of silica coating and drug loading of the gold nanoparticles. In the biological assessment of the effects of drug-loaded gold nanoparticles on primary glioblastoma cell cultures, cytotoxicity, viability and the ratio of cyototoxicity and viability were used as parameters to analyze the effects on the cells of drug delivery via gold nanoparticles on the cells. Our data suggest that doxorubicin in the concentration range of 0.12–3.16 μM when delivered using both gold nanorods and nanospheres induced a 3.8–5.5-fold increased cytotoxicity in comparison to direct delivery. Temozolomide in the concentration range of 4.6–115 μM when delivered by either type of gold nanoparticles induced a 2–4-fold increased cytotoxicity in comparison to direct delivery. Nanospheres were more effective in delivery and cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and temozolomide to glioblastoma cells than gold nanorods. Our data suggest that gold nanoparticles and in particular gold nanospheres are more effective in delivery of doxorubicin and temozolomide to primary glioblastoma cells in culture than direct delivery.
Social Entrepreneurial Ventures: On the Edge of Chaos?
Authors: Robb Colleen , Jimmy Gandhi S.
Published: December 2015

This paper proposes that social entrepreneurial ventures (SEVs) operate as systems of systems (SoS), a collection of complex systems working together to achieve an overall outcome in line with its mission. Previous literature shows that complexity theory is applicable to the unique structure of SEVs and the dual goals of creating economic and social value. We argue that not only are SEVs complex systems, but also operate as a SoS. As such, SEVs could greatly benefit from a general systemic risk management approach that is often applied to SoS. In order to explain our position, we consider an example of an existing SEV and apply these concepts to their operations. We also identify systemic risks in the example and show how the application of a systemic risk management approach can benefit SEVs.
Family functioning as a protective factor in treating adolescents with complex medico-psychosocial presentations
Authors: Hoffman Ronalda , Bibby Helen , Bennett David , Klineberg Emily , Rushworth Alexandra , Towns Susan
Published: December 2015

Purpose:

Studies of adolescents with somatic symptoms with no identified organic cause make a clear connection between the health and wellbeing of the adolescent and the functioning of the family. There has been little systematic examination of the role of family functioning in treatment. We aim to determine whether there was an association between family functioning and treatment outcome in this 12 month prospective study.

Methods:

Fifty adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years (M=14.4, SD=1.32) and their parents were recruited. All adolescents presented with one or more physical symptoms as their primary complaint. Adolescent functioning and family relationships were measured at recruitment, 4 months into treatment and 12 months later. Generalised estimating equations (GEE) analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between the variables of interest.

Results:

Results suggested significant improvements in adolescent outcomes between baseline and 4 months (all p<0.01), which were sustained to 12 months (all p<0.01). Adolescents from healthier families at initial presentation had significantly improved psychosocial functioning over the course of the study (all p<0.001).

Conclusion:

Our findings highlight the importance of taking a family approach to the treatment of adolescents with medically unexplained symptoms.