bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi Potensi Sifat Anti-Aging Ekstrak Kedelai Hitam (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Varietas Detam 1 melalui Uji Antioksidan
Authors: Amalia Annissa , Kusumawinahyu Ristiana , Rohenti Iin Ruliana
Published: January 2022

Kulit merupakan bagian utama perlindungan tubuh perlindungan yang bersentuhan langsung dengan lingkungan. Salah satu faktor penyebab kerusakan kulit adalah paparan radikal bebas. Pencegahan terhadap berkembangnya radikal bebas dapat diatasi dengan menggunakan senyawa antioksidan yang saat ini banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai anti-aging pada berbagai produk kosmetik. Peneliti terdahulu menyebutkan bahwa kedelai hitam memiliki kandungan antioksidan isoflavon, polifenol total, flavonoid dan antosianin masing-masing dalam kadar 6,13 mg/g; 2,19 mg/g; 0,65mg/g. Selain itu, ekstrak kedelai hitam dianggap memiliki nilai antioksidan yang lebih baik dari kedelai kuning karena kandungan senyawa yang dimilikinya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa kedelai hitam berpotensi memiliki sifat antioksidan yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai anti-aging. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol kedelai hitam dari varian detam 1. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental laboratorium, yang meliputi uji susut pengeringan, uji skrining fitokimia, dan uji aktivitas antioksidan melalui metode DPPH menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dengan pembanding Vitamin C (Asam Askorbat). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kedelai hitam detam 1 memiliki nilai susut pengeringan sebesar 7,90% dan positif terhadap adanya flavonoid, alkaloid, triterpenoid dan saponin. Hasil uji antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa nilai IC50 ekstrak kedelai hitam sebesar 220,42 ppm dan tergolong memiliki sifat antioksidan sedang.
Penurunan Kadar Total Oksalat Tepung Talas dan Tepung Belitung asal Bogor, Indonesia Menggunakan Dua Metode Perendaman
Authors: Nurani widyahapsari Dhina Aprilia , - Hanafi , Setyawati Sri Redjeki , Sirait Shinta Damerys , Yuliana Eva
Published: January 2022

Umbi talas (Colocasia esculenta) dan umbi belitung (Xantosoma sigittifolium) memiliki kandungan kristal oksalat. Kristal oksalat dapat menimbulkan sensasi rasa gatal saat dikonsumsi. Penurunan kadar kristal oksalat diharapkan mampu mengurangi rasa gatal yang timbulkan. Umbi talas dan umbi belitung direndam dengan 2 metode, pertama dalam air panas (90oC) dan kedua dalam larutan NaCl (10% b/v) selama 1 jam. Setelah perendaman, dilakukan pengeringan oven suhu 60oC selama 4 jam dan 5 jam kemudian dihaluskan untuk menghasilkan tepung talas dan tepung belitung. Tepung yang dihasilkan dianalisis kadar total oksalat, kadar amilosa serta sifat fisik berupa daya kembang dan daya serap tepung. Kedua perlakuan perendaman dalam air panas suhu 90oC dan larutan NaCl 10% dapat menurunkan kadar total oksalat dan kadar amilosa serta meningkatkan swelling power dan kelarutan pada tepung talas dan tepung belitung. Sedangkan kemampuan daya serap air dan minyak tepung talas dan tepung belitung tidak dipengaruhi secara signifikan. Penurunan kadar oksalat akibat perendaman dalam larutan NaCl 10% lebih efektif dibandingkan perendaman dalam air panas 90oC. Lama waktu pengeringan pada suhu 60oC juga menunjukan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap penurunan kadar total oksalat, tepung talas maupun tepung belitung yang dikeringkan selama 5 jam mengalami penurunan kadar oksalat lebih besar dibandingkan pengeringan selama 4 jam.
Karakterisasi dan Uji Keberterimaan Roti Tawar Mocaf (Modified Cassava Flour) Berflavor
Authors: Sirait Shinta Damerys , Listianti Elisa , Ningsih Dewi Pujo
Published: January 2022

Penggunaan tepung mocaf sebagai pengganti tepung terigu masih kurang popular di kalangan masyarakat, tepung ini sudah berhasil digunakan dalam pembuatan berbagai roti manis atau kue kering atau kue basah. Kelemahan tepung mocaf  sebagai bahan baku pembuatan roti khususnya roti tawar antara lain karena memiliki  aroma khas yang  tidak hilang selama proses pembuatan roti dan atau kue, sementara potensi tepung mocaf akhir-akhir ini meningkat ditawarkan di pasar. Oleh karena itu, penelitian penggunaan tepung mocaf terus dilakukan untuk mendapatkan formulasi terbaik sehingga dihasilkan produk olahan pangan yang dapat diterima dengan baik di masyarakat. Beberapa tahun terakhir ini Politeknik AKA Bogor telah melakukan penelitian dan pengembangan roti tawar berbasis tepung mocaf tanpa terigu, dan secara teknologi telah berhasil, walaupun keberterimaan panelis masih kurang memuaskan. Berdasarkan uji organoleptik, ketidakberterimaan roti tawar ini disebabkan dari segi aroma dan rasa. Oleh karena itu pada kesempatan ini selain akan dilakukan karakterisasi roti tawar  mocaf yang dihasilkan, juga akan diuji keberterimaan roti tawar mocaf dengan menambahkan 3 varian flavor yaitu vanila, teh hijau dan cokelat. Dari hasil uji pendahuluan didapatkan flavor terbaik adalah flavor cokelat. Pada uji karakterisasi diperoleh hasil bahwa produk roti tawar mocaf dengan flavor cokelat memiliki kadar protein 8,96%, kadar lemak 16,25%, daya kembang 131,25% dan stabilitas kembang 106,70%. Selain itu pada pengujian kadar air didapatkan hasil 34,88% dan uji  jumlah bakteri total (TPC)  adalah 46,5x103koloni/g.  Karakteristik roti tawar ini   telah memenuhi baku mutu baik secara kimia, fisika dan mikrobiologi sesuai SNI Roti Tawar  No. dan SNI  No.01-3840-1995 dan SNI Kue  Basah No. 01-4309-1996. Pada pengujian organoleptik diperoleh rata-rata skor keberterimaan untuk rasa, warna dan aroma berturut-turut sebesar 3.6, 3.6, dan 3.2. Hal ini menunjukkan respon yang cukup baik dari panelis. Sedangkan dari segi tekstur diperoleh rata-rata skor 2.8 sehingga perlu diperhatikan dan dilakukan inovasi untuk mendapat tekstur yang lebih baik dan disukai konsumen.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Fusarium equiseti terhadap Hewan Mus musculus dengan Pendedahan Akut Melalui Subkutan
Authors: Rachmy Silvia , Tambunan Jenny Anna Margaretha
Published: January 2022

Fungi dari genus Fusarium menghasilkan termasuk tricothecene yang merupakan jenis mycotoxin berbahaya karena sifatnya yang mampu menembus kulit hewan dan masuk ke dalam sistem tubuh (Miller, 2003). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak Fusarium equiseti yang diberikan secara akut melalui subkutan pada hewan mencit selama 48 jam pertama. Dalam percobaan ini digunakan dua puluh ekor mencit jantan strain SW sebagai hewan model dari toksisitas suatu senyawa pada manusia. Ekstrak Fusarium didedahkan kepada mencit secara subkutan. Setiap mencit diamati pada 1 jam, 2 jam, 4 jam, 8 jam, 12 jam, 24 jam, dan 48 jam setelah perlakuan. Pada setiap jam tersebut, diamati parameter dan kematian yang terjadi. Parameter yang diamati antara lain adalah diam, kejang-kejang, kehilangan koordinasi, menjulurkan lidah, dan feses yang cair. Setiap mencit yang mati selanjutnya ditimbang berat badannya dan dibedah dengan menggunakan alat bedah untuk ditimbang berat organ hati dan limfanya. Pemberian ekstrak Fusarium pada mencit yang diberikan secara akut melalui subkutan menyebabkan munculnya ketidakaktifan, kejang-kejang, kehilangan koordinasi, menjulurkan lidah, dan feses cair yang frekuensi terjadinya meningkat sesuai dengan konsentrasi perlakuan yang diberikan, hingga kematian. Selain itu, massa organ hati dan limfa relatif terhadap berat badan meningkat sesuai dengan konsentrasi perlakuan yang diberikan.
The Effect of Reciprocal Teaching Style on Pencak Silat Side Kick Learning Outcomes
Authors: Keliat Pedomanta , Karo-Karo Alan Alfiansyah Putra , Muhammad Syaleh
Published: January 2022

This study aims to find out how to improve the learning outcomes of the side kick by using the application of reciprocal teaching styles to class X students of Hang Tuah High School in the academic year 2015/2016. When the research was conducted in January 2016. Based on student learning outcomes in the pre-test after the first learning achievement test, it can be seen that the initial ability of students in doing Side Kick techniques is still low. From 30 students there are 20 people (67%) who have achieved mastery learning, while 10 people (33%) have not reached mastery learning. With an average value of student learning outcomes is 76. Whereas in the pre-testI can be seen that the ability of students to test the results of learning classically has increased. Of the 30 students there were 26 people (87%) who had achieved mastery learning, while 4 people (13%) had not reached mastery learning. With an average value of student learning outcomes is 80. Based on this it can be concluded that learning through the application of reciprocal teaching styles can improve learning outcomes of side kicks in class X students of Hang Tuah Belawan High School in the academic year 2015/2016.
Talent Scouting Soccer Athletes Aged 10 to 11 Years
Authors: Lubis Ade Evriansyah , Mawardinur  , Ratna Dewi
Published: January 2022

This study aims to develop a basic skills test model for exploring the talent of prospective KU soccer athletes from 10 to 11 years which is valid and reliable. This research is a research and development that adapts several research steps proposed by Borg & Gall (2007, p.590) as follows: (1) preliminary studies and data collection, (2) planning of research and development processes, (3) product validation , (4) product trials, (5) product revisions, (6) product implementation. Small-scale trials were carried out on 30 tests, and large-scale trials were carried out on 416 tests using cluster sampling techniques. The validity data analysis technique uses Pearson's Product Moment correlations and reliability using the Cronbach’s Alpha test-retest. Z score is used to equalize the unit form. The results of this research and development are in the form of a basic skills test model for talent search for KU soccer athletes from 10 to 11 years old. The test model is appropriate because it is declared valid and reliable, with a calculated value greater than the rtable value. The basic skills test model for talent tracking for KU soccer athletes from 10 to 11 years also produces scoring scales (norms) that are packaged in effective and efficient manuals and tutorials (CDs) and can be used as a guide for trainers on early childhood soccer coaching center in the process of searching for athletes with various levels of giftedness.
Knowledge of Sports Injury Management in the North Sumatra National Paralympic Committee Coach
Authors: Ika Endah Puspita Sari  , Liliana Puspa Sari  , Khairul Usman
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge of handling sports injuries in the North Sumatra National Paralympic Committee (NPC) trainer. This research was conducted on Sunday, February 14, 2018 at the NPC Secretariat of North Sumatra Province Jl. The 22 nd Example Stadium Medan. The method used in this study is a descriptive descriptive method with the distribution of questionnaires as an instrument to obtain research data. Many of the population in this study were all North Sumatra National Paralympic Committee (NPC) trainers, amounting to 8 people, while the sample used was total sampling, meaning 8 people. The results of the study found that 3 responses (37.50%) had knowledge of handling sports injuries is classified as good, 5 respondents (62.50%) have knowledge of handling sports injuries that are classified as moderate. Based on the results of the calculation of the average score of knowledge about handling sports injuries that is equal to 56%, it can be concluded that the level of knowledge of handling sports injuries on the North Sumatra National Paralympic Committee (NPC) is classified as Medium.
Facilities Of Learning Physical Education, In Biringkanayya City Of Makassar
Authors: Ferawati
Published: January 2022

The availability of adequate learning facilities and infrastructure can optimize the ability of a teacher to support an effective and efficient learning process in physical education learning. The aim is to describe the state of the Vocational High School Physical Education facilities and infrastructure in Biringkanaya District, Makassar City. This research is a descriptive study with a survey method. The research sample was 8 schools. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the facilities and infrastructure for health and physical education in Vocational High Schools throughout the Biringkanaya District, Makassar City, there are 2 schools that are in the very good category with a percentage of 25%, 1 school is in the good category with a percentage of 12.5%. , in the medium category 3 schools with a percentage gain of 37.5%, and in the poor category 2 schools with a percentage of 25.0%, and no school was in the very poor category.
Analisis Gaya Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Jasmani Murid SD Inpres No. 33 Sumpang Binangae Kab. Barru
Authors: Ihsan Abbas
Published: January 2022

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Apakah gaya belajar berhubungan dengan hasil belajar pendidikan jasmani murid SD Inpres No.33 Sumpang Binangae di Kabupaten Barru, Apakah sama atau tidak peluang munculnya masing-masing gaya pada murid di SD Inpres No.33 Sumpang Binangae Kabupaten Barru. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuatitatif jenis exploratif atau survei dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui angket, wawancara dan dokumentasi hasil belajar dalam bentuk nilai rapor. Sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis non-parametri (Countingency Coefficient dan Chi-Square). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan gaya belajar dengan hasil belajar pendidikan jasmani murid SD Inpres No. 33 Sumpang Binangae Kab. Barru; serta peluang munculnya masing-masing gaya belajar tidak sama, khususnya pada murid di SD Inpres No. 33 Sumpang Binangae Kab. Barru

Kata kunci: gaya belajar, hasil belajar, pendidikan jasmani
Pengaruh Motivasi Terhadap Prestasi Pada Atlet Klub Bulutangkis Indocafe Medan Tahun 2020
Authors: Shah Reza  , Nono Hardinoto
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh dari motivasi latihan terhadap prestasi bulutangkis. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh atlet PB Indocafe Medan, tahun 2020 yang berjumlah 52 orang. Jumlah sampel 21 orang diperoleh dengan teknik purposif sampling dimana sampel adalah atlet yang mengikuti kejuraan Daihatsu Astec Open Tahun 2020 di Medan Sumatera Utara. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah instrumen motivasi latihan dan prestasi diukur dari pencapaian setiap atlet pada pertandingan Daihatsu Astec Open Tahun 2020 di Medan Sumatera Utara. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,007 yaitu mempunyai hubungan yang sangat rendah. Koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,07% menjelaskan bahwa motivasi latihan memberikan pengaruh sebesar 0,07% terhadap prestasi bulutangkis, sedangkan 99,3% dipengaruhi oleh variabel yang lain. Dari hasil output diketahui bahwa nilai t =(-0,361) dengan nilai α = 0,05 dan dk = n - 1 = 19 diketahui t(19,0,95) =1,73. Dalam kriteria pengujian hipotesis satu arah dinyatakan bahwa tHitung< tTabel (-0,361 < 1,73). Maka dapat disimpulkan tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari motivasi latihan terhadap prestasi bulutangkis. Adapun persamaan regresinya adalah: Y=4,156+(-0,024)X. Untuk menguji apakah persamaan tersebut berarti atau tidak digunakan analisis dengan nilai F dimana Fhitung = 0,130 sedangkan Ftabel(1,19) sebesar 4,38. Karena Fhitung< Ftabel (0,130<4,38) maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa persamaan regresi antara motivasi latihan dengan prestasi bulutangkis adalah tidakberarti.
Pengaruh Variasi Latihan Penyerangan Dengan Menggunakan Inverted Winger Terhadap Hasil Shooting Dalam Permainan Sepak Bola Pada Atlet SSB TGM Medan Tahun 2020
Authors: Gultom Erwin Saputra , Dewi Endriani
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang pengaruh bentuk latihan variasi – variasi penyerangan dengan menggunakan inverted winger terhadap hasil shooting pada atlet SSB TGM Medan Tahun 2020. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan eksperimen lapangan dengan teknik pengambilan data digunakan tes dan pengukuran. Lokasi penelitan ini dilaksanakan di lapangan sepakbola Thamrin Graha Metropolitan Medan, terletak dijalan Graha Metropolitan Kampung Lalang dengan sampel 10 orang. Sampel dijadikan satu kelompok sehingga mendapat bentuk variasi-variasi latihan teknik yang sama, yaitu latihan shooting. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai dari bulan Februari sampai dengan Maret tahun 2020. Hasil analisis dengan uji-t menujukkan bahwa: Hipotesis menujukkan bahwa nilai thitung sebesar 5,79. Sedangkan nilai ttabel pada taraf signifikan = 2,26 dengan dk n-1 ( 10-1 = 9 ) diperoleh ttabel sebesar 2,26, ini berarti menujukkan bahwa thitung yang diperoleh lebih besar dari ttabel( thitung = 5,79 > ttabel 2,26) berarti Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Jadi variasi - variasi latihan penyerangan dengan menggunakan inveted winger memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan hasil shooting dalam permainan sepakbola pada atlet SSB TGM Medan Tahun 2020.
Pengaruh Latihan Stride Jump Crossover Dan Latihan Single Leg Stride Jump Terhadap Power Otot Tungkai Atlet Bola Voli Putri Johar VC Deli Serdang Tahun 2020
Authors: Harahap Putra Oka , Novita
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan Stride Jump Crossover dan Latihan Single leg Stride Jump terhadap Power otot tungkai pada atlet bola voli Putri Johar VC Deli Serdang Tahun 2020,latihan Stride jump Crossover dan latihan single leg stride jump merupakan latihan yang dapat membantu menigkatkan power otot tungkai pada permainan bola voli dan dalam latihan nya bermain dengan set dan repetisi yang di ukur melalui intensitas latihan. Metode penelitian adalah Eksperimen dengan waktu penelitian selama 6 minggu dengan latihan selama 3 kali latihan dalam seminggu, jumlah sampel yaitu dengan total sampling sebanyak 10 atlet, semua sampel melakukan bentuk latihan yang telah disusun dalam program latihan dan melakukan pre test sebelum latihan diminggu awal  dan post test setelah akhir latihan di minggu terakhir. Analisis hipotesis yaitu, pengaruh latihan Stride Jump Crossover dan latihan Single Leg Stride Jump terhadap power otot tungkai pada atlet bola voli putri Johar VC Deli Serdang Tahun 2020, diperoleh t-hitung  4,39 dan t-tabel 2,26 pada taraf nyata α =0,05 maka t-hitung > t-tabel. Berdasarkan kriteria pengujian hipotesis yaitu HO ditolak dan Ha diterima, maka dalam penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa “terdapat pengaruh latihan Stride Jump Crossover dan latihan Single Leg Stride Jump terhadap Power otot tungkai pada atlet bola voli putri Johar VC Deli Serdang Tahun 2020
The Impact of Drill and Strokes Training Methods on the Accuracy of Smash Direction in Badmiton
Authors: Adi Pamungkas Khoirul Akbar , Pungki Indarto
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh observasi yang dilakukan oleh peneliti pada kejuaraan POMRAYON Solo Raya mengenai ketepatan arah smash yang dilakukan para atlet UKM bulutangkis Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta yang masih seringkali melakukan kesalahan dan kurang dalam penerapannya. Penelitiaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pemberian metode latihan drill dan strokes terhadap ketepatan arah smash pada perrmainan bulutangkis.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen two group pretest-posttest design dengan perlakuan sebanyak 16 kali. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu atlet UKM bulutangkis Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta sebanyak 14 atlet. Instrument yang digunakan yaitu dengan tes ketepatan smash oleh Saleh Anasir (2010) dengan validitas 0,926 dari criterion round robin tournament dan relibilitas 0,97 dari test-retest. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas, setalah itu dilanjutkan dengan analisis uji-t. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwasanya terdapat dampak metode latihan drill terhadap ketepatan arah smash dengan nilai t hitung -17,324 < t tabel -2,447 dan nilai signifikansi 0,000<0.05, dengan peningkatan presentase sebanyak 68,53%. Selain itu, juga terdapat dampak metode latihan strokes terhadap ketepatan arah smash dengan nilai t hitung -9,295 < t tabel -2,447 dan nilai signifikansi 0,000<0.05. Kesimpulannya metode latihan drill lebih berdampak terhadap ketepatan arah smash daripada metode latihan strokes dengan selisih rerata posttest sebanyak 3,143.
The Causes of Anxiety in Highly Anxious Students in Japanese Communicative EFL Classes
Authors: Inada Takako
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify the causes of speaking anxiety in highly anxious students, of which their teachers might not have been aware, and solutions to alleviate the problem. Sixteen students from a Japanese language-oriented university participated in an interview survey. The participants’ anxiety levels were measured using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire that included five items related to foreign language classroom anxiety. The results were compared to the results of interviews with their teachers, and interesting responses from the student interviews that their teachers did not raise were highlighted. The main causes of anxiety were an unpleasant classroom environment, peer pressure, and non-ideal class types. Students argued for several strategies to reduce the anxiety associated with speaking practice, increase their use of English, and improve their proficiency. To achieve these strategies, teachers need to take into account the opinions of students they did not previously focus on.
Successful Translation Students’ Use of Dictionaries
Authors: Altuwairesh Nasrin
Published: January 2022

Dictionaries of all types are an indispensable tool for both professional and trainee translators. However, the literature on trainee translators indicates that the skills associated with dictionary use have not been given the required attention. Knowing which dictionaries to use and how to use them efficiently when engaged in the translation process are significant aspects of translation pedagogy. In fact, facilitating the development of effective dictionary use helps develop translation competence in general. Therefore, the present article reports on a qualitative case study of successful translation students’ usage of and preferences for various types of dictionaries. The results show that successful trainee translators use dictionaries to locate synonyms or better translations for target words. Successful translation students are also reported to use dictionaries frequently to check spelling. Most respondents reported consulting the dictionary after they finished reading source texts. In line with the global move toward digitalization, the participants reported using electronic dictionaries with significantly greater frequency than paper dictionaries. In most cases, successful translation students’ use of paper dictionaries was limited to classroom examinations. The open-ended interview questions also helped to reveal the variety of dictionaries used by this group of trainee translators. Taken together, these findings have utility for translation instructors, particularly regarding the improvement of trainee translators’ experiences and the provision of assistance to less successful students.
Multiple Attributed Parametric Review Study on Mechanical Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Harvesters
Authors: Chandel Rupinder , Sharma Karun
Published: January 2022

Crop characteristics of cotton are crucial to identify the important crop attributes like plant height, canopy width, sympods and monopods distribution, row spacing which affects the performance of mechanical harvesters. The activity and effectiveness of most harvest aids, including desiccants is reduced by low temperature conditions. Trash content was observed to be lesser in cotton harvested by cotton picker than cotton harvested by cotton stripper. It was found that a maximum cotton yield of 1000 kg acre-1 was obtained for a cotton plant population ranging between 45,000 and 90,000 plants acre-1. Likewise, a minimum of 700 to 740 kg acre-1 was observed for a cotton plant population of 33,000 plants acre-1. In higher yielding cotton, cotton pickers recorded higher picking rate than cotton strippers. Picking/harvesting efficiency of cotton stripper with both finger and brush type mechanism was higher than the spindle type cotton picker. Picking efficiency of pneumatic picker was higher than the other types of picking mechanisms, but with lesser rate of picking capacity. Gin turnout of cotton was higher with cotton picker when compared with cotton stripper due to lesser trash content in picker harvested cotton. The horsepower requirement of cotton stripper ranged from ½ to ¼ horsepower and cost is about two-thirds of the price as compared with cotton picker. The scheduling and monitoring of various activities involved in cotton picking by using a suitable software model can increase the benefits of both growers and harvesting companies. The reduction in uniformity with roller gin-type lint cleaners ranged between 0.2 to 0.8%, which was lesser as compared with saw-type lint cleaners. Introducing mechanical harvesting has always been a decades-long process. In Turkey, it took 20 years and in Greece, this process took place very gradually over a 15-year period. Top cotton producing countries like India, Pakistan, China, Uzbekistan and other developing countries like Iran Paraguay are still not using machine harvesting. The introduction of mechanical cotton picker or stripper can help improve quality and quantity of cotton picking thereby giving more benefit to growers in developing countries and improving their socio-economic status. The most controversial issue raised by the introduction of the mechanical cotton harvester is great migration as the machines eliminated jobs and forced poor families to leave their homes and farms in search for urban jobs. Therefore Government policies towards cotton harvesting mechanization must include the alternative jobs, packages for dependent manual cotton pickers and their families.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 14, No. 2
Authors: Brown Anne
Published: January 2022

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2022.
Larvicidal Activity of Leaf Extract From Mauritiella armata (Aceraceae) on Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Culicidae)
Authors: Matos Rosanna Lorrane Francisco dos Reis , Souza Núbia Nunes de , Santos Sandro Morais dos , Rafael Aline Ferreira , Duarte Eduardo Robson , Oliveira Katchuce Brito Amarante , Abreu Filipe Vieira Santos de , Morais-Costa Franciellen , Arrudas Sônia Ribeiro , Azevedo Islaine Franciely Pinheiro de , Nunes Yule Roberta Ferreira , Moura Ana Paula Venuto , Vieira Thallyta Maria
Published: January 2022

The mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) are important vectors of several arboviruses, and are relevant public health problems. Conventional control, using chemical larvicides have selected resistant Culicidae populations and caused negative effects on the environment and human health. However, the use of plant extracts has represented a sustainable alternative for insect control. Popularly known as Xiriri, Mauritiella armata (Mart.) Burret (Aceraceae) is an abundant palm tree in Vereda ecosystems and has economic and social importance. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of the aqueous extract (AE) leaves of this plant on Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae. The mortalities of larvae were analyzed after treatment with four concentrations of the extract, comparing with a negative control using mineral water. The AE promoted 100% efficacy against Ae. aegypti larvae at 7.9 mg/mL. The lethal concentration to promote 90% mortality of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae was estimated at 30.57 mg/mL. After chromatographic analyses, flavonoids, catechin and carbohydrates were detected. AE from M. armata leaves presented high larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus, and represents a promising alternative to be used in vector control.
Correlations and Path Analysis in Segregating Cowpea Generations Regarding Biological Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Costa Ismael Gaião da , SiIva José Wilson da , Silva Gheysa Coelho , Junior Mario de Andrade Lira , Oliveira Cybelle Souza de , Saraiva Adeneide Candido Galdino , Costa Antonio Félix da , Tabosa José Nildo , França Kevison Romulo da Silva , Júnior Antonio Francisco de Mendonça
Published: January 2022

The objective of this research was to evaluate the correlations between variables related to the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in segregating generations of cowpea and to unfold these correlations in direct and indirect effects, through path analysis. An outdoor bench experiment was conducted at Carpina Experimental Sugarcane Station of, located at the Zona da Mata region of the State of the Pernambuco, Northeast of Brazil (Federal Rural University of Pernambuco), between March and April 2016. The seeds were planted in 20 cm × 30 cm polyethylene bags, using a substrate composed of a mixture of vermiculite and sand washed in a ratio of 1:1. Bradyrhizobium references, recommended for culture, were used as a mixture of two strains. Parental and F2, F3 and F4 generations were evaluated in a randomized block design with four replicates. Data collection was performed 45 days after the emergency (DAE). Phenotypic correlations and path analysis of the number of nodules per plant (NN), nodules dry mass (NDM), dry roots mass (DRM), dry mass of aerial part (DMAP), nodulation efficiency (NODE) and nitrogen accumulated in the aerial part (NAAP). The phenotypic correlations between the variables related to the BNF showed high magnitudes, demonstrating that there is a great influence of each of the variables on the others, furthermore the path analysis of the coefficients indicated that all the primary components (NN, NDM, DRM, DMAP and NODE) must be considered when it is desired to increase the NAAP in segregating generations of cowpea.
Distribution of the Beta-Casein Gene Variants in Three Cattle Breeds Reared in Benin
Authors: Adoligbe Camus Mahougnon , Akpo Stéphanie Gloria , Adido Santoze , M’Po Marguéritte , Zoclanclounon Ange-Régis , Mantip Samuel , Akpo Yao , Farougou Souaïbou
Published: January 2022

The beta-casein gene is one of the most functional genetic candidate that affect milk quality and composition traits. Among its variants, the A1/A2 are the most common. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the distribution of the Beta-casein gene variants (A1/A2) in three different cattle breeds in order to determine which of the breed produce a better milk for consumers’ health.

152 blood samples which comprises 72 (Muturu), 40 (Azawak) and 40 Girolando were used to carry out this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples and each variant was subsequently amplified from the extracted DNA samples using an Allele-Specific PCR technique and then confirmed by running the PCR products on 1% agarose gel.

The result showed that there were three genotypes (A1A1, A2A1 and A2A2) in the three breeds. The average percentage genotypic frequencies obtained from this study were 42.76%, 31.58% and 25.66% respectively for A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes while the percentage allelic frequencies were 58% and 42% respectively for A1 and A2 allele. The genetic parameters of Azawak breed were higher than that of the other breeds, what implies that there was a higher polymorphism and genetic diversity in the Azawak breed in the beta-casein gene compare to the other breeds.

The A2 beta-casein variant in milk has been found to be desirable for milk consumer’s health and nutrition. This study therefore showed that the Azawak breed provides a good potential for increasing this favorable allele through appropriate breeding techniques of cattle.
Comparative analysis of different types of ballistic barrels used in the ammunition researches
Authors: Goździk Dawid , Fikus Bartosz , Kijewski Jacek
Published: January 2022

Manufacturers offer different types of ballistic barrels made in according to various standards. The paper presents comparison of three types of ballistic barrels: pressure, velocity and accuracy made according to C.I.P. and NATO EPVAT standards. Projectile velocities in a several measuring points on the flight path and propellant gas pressures in the barrels were measured and compared. The main aim of the article is to discuss whether all types of barrels to conduct most ballistic tests are needed, or whether one, the most universal in a specific caliber is enough.
Keywords: mechanical engineering, ballistics, firearm, ammunition researches, ballistic properties
Experimental and numerical investigation of Armox 500T armor steel perforation process
Authors: Popławski Arkadiusz
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical study of the perforation of Armox 500T armoured steel. The plate perforation was performed with a pneumatic gun using three types of penetrators. Sharp, spherical and blunt penetrators were used. The use of different geometries of penetrators causes the process of perforation and destruction of plates in a different state of stress and strain, which leads to the appearance of three basic modes of failure. Numerical analyses of the perforation process have been carried out using the Ls-Dyna computational code with an advanced constitutive model of the material and the integrated failure model. The obtained experimental and numerical results were analysed and compared. The failure shape, the level of plastic deformation and the parameters of stress and strain state were analysed.
Perforation analysis of selected thin-walled structures
Authors: Popławski Arkadiusz , Piskorz Weronika
Published: January 2022

The paper concerns multivariate numerical analyses of three thin-walled three-dimensional structures of honeycomb, rectangular and auxetic topologies. The analyses were preceded by the selection of the material from which the structures could potentially be made. The most optimal material was selected from three metallic materials for which an advanced constitutive material model and a failure model were available. The use of an appropriate model has allowed a number of phenomena to be taken into account during the very complex perforation process, which translates into the quality and accuracy of the numerical results obtained. The main numerical analyses carried out after the material selection stage, focused on the analysis of the strength of the structures in the process of their perforation with objects in the form of a ball with a diameter of 10 mm. The three objects hitting the structures were arranged in such a way as to take into account the influence of the impact location on the perforation process. Based on the measurement of the perforation depth of the balls and the analysis of the area of impact on the structure, the most strength topology was selected. In the next step, additional numerical analyses were carried out to determine the effectiveness of the structure and to estimate its ballistic limit.
Analysis of the possibility of using rubber track systems in high-speed engineering machines. Part II. Technical limitations
Authors: Szpaczyńska Daniela , Łopatka Marian
Published: January 2022

The article presents problems and indicates limitations affecting the possibility of using rubber tracks in high-speed engineering machines. On the basis of the conducted analyzes, it was also indicated how to shape the running gear in such a way as to improve the working abilities of machines and minimize the disadvantages of rubber track systems.
Keywords: mechanical engineering, elastomer tracks, running gear, high-speed engineering machines
Architektura i narzędzia policyjnej wymiany informacji kryminalnych. Perspektywa krajowa i międzynarodowa
Authors: Zalewski Piotr
Published: January 2022

Artykuł stanowi próbę scharakteryzowania krajowego i międzynarodowego systemu wymiany informacji kryminalnych realizowanej na poziomie operacyjnym i pozaoperacyjnym, pomiędzy polską Policją a służbami, agencjami i instytucjami Unii Europejskiej i państw trzecich, w zakresie ścigania sprawców przestępstw i zapewnienia porządku publicznego. Celem publikacji
jest weryfikacja hipotezy, że we współczesnym świecie, bez efektywnej, szybkiej wymiany informacji, mających znaczenie dla bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego, trudno skutecznie rozpoznawać i neutralizować pojawiające się zagrożenia, a także ścigać sprawców przestępstw.
W celu weryfikacji przyjętej hipotezy dokonano przeglądu najważniejszych krajowych i międzynarodowych baz danych i instrumentów wymiany informacji kryminalnych dostępnych organom ścigania państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej (dalej UE) i państw trzecich, a także agencjom UE oraz organizacjom międzynarodowym, powołanym do zapobiegania, zwalczania i wykrywania przestępstw (INTERPOL, EUROPOL) oraz ścigania sprawców tych przestępstw. Przedmiotowa problematyka pokazana została w perspektywie historycznego rozwoju narzędzi i instrumentów gromadzenia i wymiany informacji kryminalnych w krajowych bazach danych w Polsce oraz w państwach EU i państwach trzecich. Zaprezentowany przegląd narzędzi i instrumentów międzynarodowej wymiany informacji kryminalnych pozwolił udowodnić przyjętą hipotezę.
Conflict as a Problem and Threat to National and International Security
Authors: Olak Antoni , Konecka-Szydełko Bożena
Published: January 2022

The beginning of the 21st century is characterized by a deep crisis of the national and international security system. For many factors caused by the intensification of military-political conflicts of a new type, the term “hybrid war” is now used. A feature of these conflicts is, in the first place, the use by the opponents of a wide scale of non-military means of influence: economic, informational, environmental, social, political and others. It is important here
to justify the importance of the transformation of the state system of civil protection, which is being developed under the influence of contemporary military and political conflicts.
The problem of military-political rivalry, by defining the content of the term “military-political conflict”, leads to a confrontation of political entities both within the state and at the state level, as well as between states, aimed at achieving their own political interests using various means and ways of influencing the political, military, economic, social and information spheres.
The purpose of this speech is to present the mechanisms of solving all existing problems related to the functioning of society and to present the forms and features of contemporary hybrid conflicts.
Drept civil. Persoanele
Authors: Cristea Silvia Lucia
Published: January 2022

Prin aceste note de curs doresc sa vin in intampinarea studentilor ce urmeaza cursurile facultatii de drept, cu predilectie celor ce vor urma cursurile Facultatii de Drept din ASE, Bucuresti, carora le dedic aceasta carte. Ma adresez tuturor cititorilor printr-o forma de redactare schematica, dezvoltata apoi in propozitii si fraze, pentru a usura exprimarea de specialitate a viitorilor juristi. Am alaturat uneori si notiuni de dictionar, pentru o mai buna intelegere. Informatiile, transpuse pe slid- uri, pot folosi si profesorilor de drept, sper eu, cu mult succes, mai ales pentru invatamantul on-line, sau la distanta. Silvia Lucia Cristea
Vodní malakofauna dolního toku Lužnice se zaměřením na stav populace velevruba tupého (Unio crassus) [Aquatic molluscan fauna of the lower part of the Lužnice River (South Bohemia, Czech Republic) with focus on the population of Unio crassus]
Authors: Beran Luboš
Published: January 2022

This paper presents results of a malacological survey of the Lužnice River in ca 70 km long stretch between the inflow of its main tributary the Nežárka River in Veselí nad Lužnicí and its confluence with the Vltava River in Southern Bohemia (Czech Republic). Thirty-one species of aquatic molluscs (19 gastropods, 12 bivalves) representing 40% of freshwater molluscan fauna of the Czech Republic were found at 15 sites. Differences of molluscan assemblages upstream and downstream of Tábor town were probably caused by different characters of the watercourse. The occurrence of rare bivalve Pseudanodonta complanata was confirmed. On the other hand, two non-native species Physella acuta and Sinanodonta woodiana were recorded. The research was preferentially focused on the population of the endangered bivalve Unio crassus. Its occurrence was confirmed at 8 from 15 sites under study but altogether only 31 individuals were found. Less than four specimens were found at particular sites but one.
PR Skalní potok – ukázka typické malakofauny Hrubého Jeseníku [Skalní Potok Nature Reserve – an example of a typical malacofauna in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts.]
Authors: Lacina Adam
Published: January 2022

The recent research has shown a high malacological value of the Skalní Potok Nature Reserve that had never been searched for molluscs. The reserve hosts 49 mollusc species, which represents almost 20% of the entire Czech malacofauna. Such richness can be explained mainly by a high habitat diversity of the target area. Several types of forest such as ravine forests, alder carrs, herb-rich beech forests and spruce forests alternate on the area of 2 km². Among endangered species, the most interesting findings represent sensitive species from the family Clausiliidae, chiefly Bulgarica cana, Clausilia cruciata, and Ruthenica filograna. This area deserves the strictest protection as the reserve belongs to one of the well-preserved remnants of deciduous leaf forests in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts.
Vodní malakofauna přítoků Javorky u Lázní Bělohrad [Aquatic molluscan fauna of tributaries of the brook Javorka near Lázně Bělohrad (East Bohemia, Czech Republic)]
Authors: Beran Luboš
Published: January 2022

This paper presents results of a malacological survey of four small tributaries of the brook Javorka near Lázně Bělohrad in East Bohemia (Czech Republic). Only 15 species of aquatic molluscs (7 gastropods, 8 bivalves) were found at 31 sites during research realised in 2010, 2011 and 2012. Molluscan assemblages of all tributaries were similar and consisted of common and widespread molluscs as Galba truncatula, Radix peregra, Anodonta anatina, Pisidium subtruncatum or P. casertanum. The occurrence of endangered river pea mussel (Pisidium amnicum) was confirmed at three tributaries but only at lower parts near its inflows to the brook Javorka. The research was focused on the endangered thick-shelled river mussel (Unio crassus), and the occurrence of numerous population was confirmed at the brook Lukavecký potok. In the brook Chotečský potok a small population of this bivalve was found. Only a few specimens were found at remaining two tributaries.
O Programa de Residência Pedagógica e o Estágio Curricular Supervisionado no curso de Licenciatura em Geografia: Uma experiência teórico-prática
Authors: Almeida Marcia Ajala , Dalla nora Giseli
Published: January 2022

A proposta deste estudo é analisar a importância do Programa de Residência Pedagógica (PRP) no estágio curricular supervisionado para a formação inicial do professor de Geografia, destacando as experiências vivenciadas nas escolas-campo na construção do processo ensino-aprendizagem do curso de Licenciatura em Geografia. Partimos do pressuposto de que o estágio como práxis é um espaço de aprendizagem e de construção da identidade profissional, repercutindo em ações investigativas de reflexão e intervenção no processo educativo. Neste contexto, definimos as seguintes problemáticas: qual o papel do estágio curricular supervisionado na formação inicial do professor de Geografia? Qual a importância do Programa de Residência Pedagógica para a práxis pedagógica na formação do professor de Geografia? Quais são os resultados do PRP no curso de Licenciatura em Geografia?  Através do método de abordagem dialética, os procedimentos metodológicos adotados pautaram-se em pesquisa documental, revisão bibliográfica de autores que discutem sobre a temática, complementamos a análise de alguns resultados das práticas vivenciadas pelos residentes no ambiente escolar. Concluímos que o PRP, associado ou não ao estágio curricular supervisionado, trouxe resultados positivos na articulação teórico-prática e na inter-relação entre universidade e escola.
Socio-demographic characteristics of digital financial services users: Evidence from Serbia
Authors: Ljumović Isidora , Jakšić Krsto , Trajković Slaviša
Published: January 2022

Given the importance of digital financial services on financial inclusion, the authors examined the socio-demographic characteristics of users of digital financial services in the Republic of Serbia. The authors hypothesized that age, education, employment, and income are key socio-demographic characteristics that have influenced digital financial services. The Global Findex database of the World Bank was used to analyze the socio-demographic characteristics of digital financial service users in the Republic of Serbia, with a sample of 1000 inhabitants older than 15 years. To test differences between the analyzed characteristics, a t-test was applied using SPSSv25. The results show a difference among most of the analyzed characteristics. Socio-demographic characteristics, apart from gender and income, are statistically significant. The results show a statistically significant difference in the age of users of digital financial services and non-users of digital financial services. Also, users of digital financial services are highly educated and more often employed. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the average user of digital financial services is younger, more educated, more often employed and uses various banking services, such as credit and debit cards, savings and borrowing more often than non-users of these services.
The influence of socioeconomic status on the modes choice of transportation in Manado city
Authors: Sompie Tampanatu
Published: January 2022

Good infrastructure and transportation facilities move people and goods take place safely and economically in terms of time and cost. The trips made by people on weekdays or weekends affect environmental conditions in the area. The purpose of this paper is to find out the influence of socioeconomic status on modes choice of transportation both on weekdays and weekends. The study location is in Manado Municipality. There are 3 (three) modes of transportation reviewed, i.e., private cars, motorcycles, and public transportation; indicators of socioeconomic status of transportation users are age, education, occupation, income, number of family members, and vehicle ownership; data retrieval regarding the modes of transportation and socioeconomic status of travelers through questionnaire surveys. SEM-AMOS was used to measure the validity and reliability of the data, and the probability of the mode choice on weekdays and weekends was analyzed using multinomial logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the socioeconomic status of travelers has an influence on the mode choice of transportation by 49.2% on weekends and 49.5% on weekdays. Furthermore, the probability of transportation mode choice on weekends is the car by 88.4%, and on weekdays is motorcycles by 71.6%.