bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Generation of Direct Combustion Noise in Turbulent Non-Premixed Flames
Authors: Ihme Matthias , Pitsch Heinz
Published: February 2012

Generation of combustion noise in an unconfined turbulent non-premixed flame is investigated. For this, a model is developed, combining Lighthill's acoustic analogy with a flamelet-based combustion model to consistently express all thermochemical quantities by a set of reduced scalars. The model is applied in a large-eddy simulation, and the acoustic pressure in the far field is obtained from an integral solution. Three relevant acoustic source terms with different source characteristics and Mach number scaling are identified. The spatial distribution and spectral characteristics of the acoustic sources are analyzed, and it is shown that the acoustic source due to chemical reaction is the main noise contributor, and is located in the upper part of the flame. Contributions from the acoustic sources due to Reynolds stresses and fluctuating mass flux are found to be virtually insignificant at low frequencies. Discrepancies in the prediction of high-frequency sound pressure level in the jet forward direction were analyzed and are attributed to high-frequency acoustic refraction effects due to variations in sound speed. The directivity exhibits a weak directionality in the 30° forward direction, and some phase cancellation between individual acoustic sources is evident.
Mechanical and physical properties of particleboard made from two pulp and paper mill secondary sludges
Authors: Xing S. , Riedl B. , Koubaa A. , Deng J.
Published: February 2012

To investigate environmentally friendly alternatives for sludge disposal, three proportions of secondary sludge (SS) from two pulping processes (Kraft and TMP) were incorporated in the formulation of particleboard manufacturing. A 32 factorial design was used where the factors were Urea-formaldehyde (UF) content (5%, 7%, and 9% dry weight of resin per dry weight of particles) and secondary sludge percentage (75%, 100%, and 125% dry weight of SS per dry weight of resin). For each pulping process, 27 panels with SS and 3 control panels (without SS for each resin content) were made for a total of 63 panels. All panels were tested for thickness swell, linear expansion, internal bond strength (IB), flexural modulus of elasticity (MOE) and flexural modulus of rupture (MOR). Results indicated that particleboards made with SS from both pulping processes met the ANSI standards for linear expansion, IB, MOE and MOR. However, none of the tested panels met the standard for thickness swell and adding SS to the formulation affected negatively this property. It was concluded that SS from TMP and Kraft mills can be used to manufacture particleboard panels. However, its' percentage along with other additives' content should be optimized.
Research of micro-vision technology for micro-fabrication
Authors: Li Lihong , Wang Peng , Zhang Minglu
Published: February 2012

The micro-vision system is designed for micro-fabrication. This system with force sensor controls micro-fabrication operation. The focus is calculated by one order moment. Gradient evaluation function and frequency domain evaluation function are combined as evaluation function in auto-focus technology. Image definition evaluation function based on gradient is adopted in large step. Image definition evaluation function based on frequency-domain is adopted in small step. Search strategy adopts threshold method and curve fitting method. Edge invariant moment is to recognize objects. The system can measure the distance of three dimensions between the cutting tool and the work-piece. Then the micro-fabrication operation is completed.
Thermal and efficiency analysis of a single phase induction motor with Peltier devices
Authors: Gouws R. , van Jaarsveldt H.
Published: February 2012

We present the results obtained from the thermal and efficiency analysis of a single phase induction motor with Peltier devices. A single phase induction motor is completely simulated in SolidWorks® and Matlab® Simulink®. The cooling of the induction motor is done by means of Peltier devices and the corresponding power consumption and stator temperature is recorded. From the SolidWorks® simulation results it can be seen that the temperature of the induction motor under normal operating conditions is cooled from 68°C to 35°C. From the Matlab® Simulink® simulation results show that the efficiency of the induction motor is increased by an average of 3.73% from the normal operating condition to the cooled operating condition with the inclusion of the Peltier devices onto the system.
Performance of eccentrically loaded GFRP reinforced concrete columns
Authors: Issa M. , Metwally I. , Elzeiny S.
Published: February 2012

This paper explores the behavior of GFRP and steel reinforced concrete columns when subjected to eccentrically axial loads. Six columns of 150*150 mm cross section were tested. Four of them had GFRP reinforcement and two had steel reinforcement. The concrete strength of the GFRP reinforced columns was either 24.73 Mpa or 38.35 Mpa while for the steel reinforced columns it was 24.73 Mpa. The eccentricity was either 50 mm or 25 mm and the tie spacing was either 80 mm or 130 mm. Large longitudinal deformations were recorded for columns with GFRP reinforcement and for columns with large tie spacings. However, tie spacing had no notable effect on the maximum lateral deflection and ductility of GFRP columns of this research. The average maximum stress was about 60% of the concrete compressive strength for columns with initial eccentricity of 50 mm. GFRP bars recorded higher strains than steel bars and these strains were larger when the tie spacing was large. The increase in the strength of the concrete was associated with reduction in the GFRP bar strain. Two interaction diagrams were plotted for the columns and they present lower bound to the obtained experimental results.
Supervision Rates During Orthopaedic Fellowships: Are We Assessing Them Correctly?
Authors: McKay G , Kirby G , Jack C , Ricketts D
Published: February 2012

Fellowships during orthopaedic training are intended to provide closely mentored and supervised high-quality training in a subspecialty interest. The benefits of a fellowship are widely recognised and some advertisements for consultant posts in orthopaedic surgery now include fellowship training in the person specification.
A New Algorithm for the Management of Critical Events in the Theatre
Authors: Grimes C , Horgan L
Published: February 2012

Patients may be subject to risk during surgery as a result of nontechnical as well as technical error. Effective surgical teams have been shown to have fewer problems per operation, higher intra-operative performance and shorter operating times. There is increasing evidence that interventions that improve teamwork, leadership, decision making, communication and situational awareness within operating teams also improve technical performance and patient outcome. In addition, briefings and debriefings before and at the end of operating lists have been shown to improve teamwork and communication, thereby improving patient safety.
The Requirements and Financial Costs of Becoming an Orthopaedic Registrar: A National Survey
Authors: Al-Hadithy N , Mordecai S , Al-Nammari SS , Papanna MC
Published: February 2012

Trauma and orthopaedic surgery is one of the most competitive specialties in medicine. The competition to obtain a higher surgical training number (ST3) was 54:1 in 2008 and 41:1 in 2009. This will be further compounded in subsequent years as training numbers at both core and specialist training level are reducing by an estimated 50% to account for the lack of consultant expansion.
The Future of Research in Paediatric Surgical Training
Authors: Yardley IE , Rees CM , Losty PD
Published: February 2012

Traditionally, in UK-based surgical training, the majority of trainees spend a period of time out of clinical training undertaking research, usually leading to the award of a postgraduate degree or thesis (MD or PhD). The intention of this was to supplement clinical with academic training that developed skills such as critical appraisal, independent working and systematic thinking to enrich future surgical practice. The opportunity for academic activity is a significant factor in choosing a surgical career for many trainees.
The rise and rise of the MJDF
Authors: Escudier Michael
Published: February 2012

All dental graduates now enter a foundation training programme that prepares them for further career choices in terms of general dental practice (with the option of developing enhanced skills in areas of interest) and specialist training pathways. The Faculty of general dental Practice (UK) and Faculty of dental Surgery at The Royal College of Surgeons of England offer a single assessment as a clear marker of the successful completion of this period of training: the diploma of Membership of the Joint dental Faculties (MJDF).
The Faculty of Medical Leadership and Management
Authors: Lees Peter , Thomas Bill
Published: February 2012

In the current state of healthcare in the UK there is an urgent need for medical leadership and an increasing requirement for clinicians to become involved in management. The government's proposed reform of the NHS only reinforces the imperative for medical leadership to engage in setting standards, commissioning services, taking ownership of the agenda and thus seeking to restore professionalism. Success will drive up the quality of care for patients.
Performance and Quality Indicators: The Importance of Accurate Coding
Authors: Cockbain AJ , Carolan M , Berridge D , Toogood GJ
Published: February 2012

Since the seminal work of Jarman et al in 1999, standardised mortality ratios have been published for all English hospitals in the NHS. These have been widely digested by the media, clinicians, managers and the public alike, with differences in mortality rates taken to represent variation in the overall quality of care provided by institutions. The appetite for comparative data has continued and a wealth of performance data is now made publicly available, be it from the department of Health, the Care Quality Commission, professional bodies maintaining their own specialty registries or from third-party agencies such as dr Foster.
Saints and sinner: Robert Liston
Authors: Thomas Bill
Published: February 2012

Robert Liston was born in Ecclesmachan in Scotland on 28 october 1794. He was the son of Henry Liston, a Scottish minister and inventor. Following his medical education at the University of Edinburgh, he pursued a career in surgery at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, but was a difficult man to deal with, being somewhat abrasive and arrogant, thus becoming exceedingly unpopular in Edinburgh. He was eventually banned and banished down south where he was appointed Professor of Clinical Surgery at University College Hospital, London, in 1835. He rapidly achieved a considerable reputation as well as a significant fortune and became one of the foremost surgeons of his time – and he knew it.
Tracing the roots of Advanced Trauma Life Support® in the US
Authors: Jarvis Hannah C
Published: February 2012

The day was 17 February 1976. At around 6pm James Styner, orthopaedic Surgeon, lost control of the plane he was piloting and crashed into a cornfield in Nebraska. Tragically, his wife was killed instantly and three of his children were rendered unconscious.
Apparent Epinephrine Toxicity in the Treatment of Anaphylaxis: A Patient Case of Prolonged Hypotension
Authors: McCann Jennifer Quinn , Cook Amber , Stover Judy , Venis Ryan
Published: February 2012

Background

The emergent nature of anaphylaxis creates an environment of heightened risk for epinephrine medication misadventures that may occur in any health care setting. Literature to date has focused on the immediate adverse outcomes associated with epinephrine dosing and administration errors, with a lack of data available on prolonged consequences.

Objective

We present a unique case of refractory hypotension associated with the administration of high-dose epinephrine for the treatment of anaphylaxis that prompted a comprehensive safety evaluation and implementation of a process improvement plan for all patients experiencing an anaphylactic reaction in our institution.

Case Report

A 29-year-old female presented to an immediate care facility for treatment of anaphylaxis including 2 doses of epinephrine 1 mg (1:1000) intramuscularly. The patient was subsequently transported to our adult emergency department and developed isolated hypotension refractory to fluid resuscitation. The patient was then admitted to the medical intensive care unit with a diagnosis of epinephrine toxicity. The prolonged hypotensive response seen in this patient is believed to be a result of residual stimulation of the more sensitive beta receptors by high doses of epinephrine administered to the patient, resulting in a prolonged vasodilatory response.

Conclusion

Epinephrine is a high-alert medication used for the treatment of anaphylaxis. Proactive evaluation of current processes among institutions is recommended in order to minimize dosing and administration errors with epinephrine as these errors can lead to substantial harm to patients.
Anaphylactic Shock Due to Intravenous Amiodarone; Delusional Parasitosis Associated with Donepezil; Connubial Androgenetic Alopecia; Ciprofloxacin-Induced Torsade de Pointes; Postvaccination Miller Fisher Syndrome; Life-Threatening Anaphylactoid Shock Caused by Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator; Thiazide-Induced Hyponatremia
Authors: Shuster Joel
Published: February 2012

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), discuss methods of prevention, and promote reporting of ADRs to the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) MedWatch program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting, preventable ADR to MedWatch, please consider sharing the account with our readers.
Caplri (XelIri) Regimen for Advanced and Metastatic Colorectal or Esophogastric Cancer
Authors: Rutledge M. R. , Solimando Dominic A. , Waddell J. Aubrey
Published: February 2012

The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
Europeanisation of territorial policies in Portugal and Italy: a cross-national comparison
Authors: Oliveira Carlos , Breda-Vázquez Isabel
Published: February 2012

Over the last few decades, the European Union (EU) played a central role in diffusing specific ‘models’ of territorial policy across member states. This Europeanisation process did not produce homogeneous results, however, since comparable EU-funded territorial policy instruments generated dissimilar outcomes in different contexts. This article aims to compare the implementation of Territorial Employment Pacts, a Community Initiative the main features of which were a territorial-focused strategy, local-level involvement and a creative approach to governance, in the cases of Portugal and Italy. The objective is to learn more about the key factors for institutional change in the Europeanisation of territorial policies.
Public confidence and public services: it matters what you measure
Authors: Cowell Richard , Downe James , Martin Steve , Chen Alex
Published: February 2012

Governments around the world are concerned about declining public confidence in democratic institutions. It has been widely assumed that improving the performance of public services will help address this problem. Policy makers in the United Kingdom (UK) have therefore been puzzled to discover that public confidence in local government continued to decline at a time when local services seemed to be improving. The reason for this apparent paradox is that public confidence is influenced by a wide array of factors only some of which are captured by official measures. Since different data can lead to quite different conclusions, it matters what is measured.
Framing, ideology and evidence: Uganda's HIV success and the development of PEPFAR's ‘ABC’ policy for HIV prevention
Authors: Parkhurst Justin O.
Published: February 2012

Cognitive framing theories explain how individuals understand and apply information in relation to existing experiences and beliefs. Yet these theories have rarely been applied to explore the interpretation and application of evidence in policy development. This paper undertakes a critical discourse analysis of interviews and texts surrounding a highly contested United States policy for international HIV prevention. Analysis illustrates that, rather than speaking for itself, evidence is defined by framing processes, with competing interpretations found to reflect internal consistency with core beliefs about sexual behaviour. This illustrates the importance of making explicit the roles that belief systems play in shaping how evidence is used in policy development.
Maximising the use of evidence: exploring the intersection between population health intervention research and knowledge translation from a Canadian perspective
Authors: Hobin Erin P. , Hayward Sarah , Riley Barbara , Ruggiero Erica Di , Birdsell Judy
Published: February 2012

Population and public health research has been shifting from describing factors that shape health to an interrogation of the processes and outcomes underpinning policy and programme interventions. This shift has given rise to acknowledging population health intervention research (PHIR) as a distinct field of study in Canada. Given that PHIR aims to maximise the use of evidence to inform interventions, a discussion paper was written and a workshop was held, with 24 participants working across policy, practice and research, to identify distinct features of PHIR that create opportunities and challenges for knowledge translation (KT). Building on the discussion paper and activities at the workshop, workshop participants surfaced five features of PHIR that need specific consideration to facilitate progress on understanding and capitalising on the relationships between KT and PHIR. Implications for stakeholders interested in maximising the use of evidence to inform strategies for chronic disease prevention are also provided.
Using US Data to Estimate the Incidence of Serious Physical Abuse in Children
Authors: Leventhal John M. , Martin Kimberly D. , Gaither Julie R.
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND

There are limited data on the epidemiology of serious injuries due to physical abuse of children.

METHODS:

We used the 2006 Kids’ Inpatient Database to estimate the incidence of hospitalizations due to serious physical abuse among children <18 years of age. Abuse was defined by using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for injuries (800–959) and for physical abuse (995.50, 995.54, 995.55, or 995.59), selected assault codes (E960-966, 968), or child battering (E967). We examined demographic characteristics, mean costs, and length of stay in 3 groups of hospitalized children: abusive injuries, nonabusive injuries, and all other reasons for hospitalization. Incidence was calculated using the weighted number of cases of physical abuse and the number of children at risk based on 2006 intercensal data.

RESULTS:

The weighted number of cases due to abuse was 4569; the incidence was 6.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.5–6.9) per 100 000 children <18 years of age. The incidence was highest in children <1 year of age (58.2 per 100 000; 95% CI: 51.0–65.3) and even higher in infants covered by Medicaid (133.1 per 100 000; 95% CI: 115.2–151.0 [or 1 in 752 infants]). Overall, there were 300 children who died in the hospital due to physical abuse.

CONCLUSIONS:

This is the first study to provide national US data on the occurrence of serious injuries due to physical abuse in hospitalized children. Data from the 2006 Kids’ Inpatient Database on hospitalizations due to serious physical abuse can be used to track trends over time and the effects of prevention programs on serious physical abuse.
The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Authors: Lana-Peixoto Marco A. , Frota Elizabeth R. C. , Campos Gilberto B. , Monteiro Leonardo P.
Published: February 2012

Investigations on the prevalence rates of multiple sclerosis (MS) around the world have yielded important clues on the interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. As Brazil is a huge country laid on many latitudes and inhabited by population with distinct ethnic backgrounds, it might be assumed that the frequency of MS varies in its different regions. Objective: To determine the prevalence rate of MS in Belo Horizonte, the capital of the State of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Methods: We used six sources to draw up a provisional list of identified cases of MS. Only patients with diagnosis of clinically definite MS according to Poser Committee criteria were included. Results: The calculated crude MS prevalence was 18.1/100,000 inhabitants. Conclusions: The MS prevalence in Belo Horizonte is similar to that found in São Paulo and Botucatu, two other cities in southeastern Brazil with similar ethnic background.
The effect of social support on the quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Costa David Castro , Sá Maria José , Calheiros José M.
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive value of social support on health related quality of life (HRQoL) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. METHODS: The sample is composed by 150 MS consecutive patients. We used the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey to assess social support and the Health Status Questionnaire to assess HRQoL. For inferential analysis, we used the Multiple Linear Regression with stepwise selection of variables. RESULTS: The age, basic education, psychological support and disability explains 41.6% of the variance in physical function, 29.4% in physical performance and 30.6% in emotional performance. Age and psychological support explains 23.1% of the variance in physical function and 29.4% in vitality. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that social support is a predictor with a significant effect on HRQoL in MS.
Metabolic syndrome and dementia associated with Parkinson's disease: impact of age and hypertension
Authors: Schelp Arthur Oscar , Mendes-Chiloff Cristiane Lara , Bazan Rodrigo , Paduan Vanessa Cristina , Pioltini Ana Beatriz Maringolo
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE: To determine correlations between age and metabolic disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. METHODS: This observational cross-sectional study included brief tests for dementia and the Mattis test. Signals of metabolic syndrome were evaluated. RESULTS: There was no significant effect from the presence of hypertension (OR=2.36 for patients under 65 years old and OR=0.64 for patients over 65), diabetes or hypercholesterolemia regarding occurrences of dementia associated with PD (24% of the patients). The study demonstrated that each year of age increased the estimated risk of dementia in PD patients by 9% (OR=1.09; 95%CI: 1.01-1.17). CONCLUSION: There was no evidence to correlate the presence of metabolic syndrome with the risk of dementia that was associated with PD. The study confirmed that dementia in PD is age dependent and not related to disease duration.
Hyperglycemia in nondiabetic patients during the acute phase of stroke
Authors: Godoy Daniel Agustin , Soler Caridad , Videtta Walter , Castillo Fuenzalida Luis , Paranhos Jorge , Costilla Marcelo , Piñero Gustavo , Jibaja Manuel , Melo Leonardo Jardim Vaz de
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE: To determine patterns of hyperglycemic (HG) control in acute stroke. METHODS: Anonymous survey through Internet questionnaire. Participants included Latin-American physicians specialized in neurocritical care. RESULTS: The response rate was 74%. HG definition varied widely. Fifty per cent considered it when values were >140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L). Intravenous (IV) regular insulin was the drug of choice for HG correction. One fifth of the respondents expressed adherence to a protocol. Intensive insulin therapy (IIT) was used by 23%. Glucose levels were measured in all participants at admission. Routine laboratory test was the preferred method for monitoring. Reactive strips were more frequently used when monitoring was intensive. Most practitioners (56.7%) monitored glucose more than two times daily throughout the Intensive Care Unit stay. CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable variability and heterogeneity in the management of elevated blood glucose during acute phase of stroke by the surveyed Latin-American physicians.
Simulator Sickness Questionnaire: tradução e adaptação transcultural
Authors: Carvalho Marcele Regine de , Costa Rafael Thomaz da , Nardi Antonio Egidio
Published: February 2012

Contexto: O estudo de cybersickness, sintomas desconfortáveis relacionados à interação em ambientes virtuais, é importante para a implementação de melhorias destes, para ajudar a preservar o bem-estar dos usuários e reduzir o abandono às exposições virtuais. Usar um instrumento adequado para identificar e mensurar os sintomas de cybersickness, de forma padronizada, pode contribuir para essa finalidade. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar as etapas de tradução e adaptação para a língua portuguesa do instrumento Simulator Sickness Questionnaire, que mede os sintomas de cybersickness. Métodos: Três traduções e retrotraduções foram realizadas por avaliadores independentes; realizaram-se a equivalência semântica e a avaliação das versões, sendo elaborada uma versão síntese. Os comentários dos participantes sobre a versão preliminar do questionário foram examinados. Resultados: Foi construída a versão brasileira preliminar do questionário. Verificou-se que a maioria dos participantes entendeu as descrições dos sintomas expostas no questionário em português. Conclusão: A utilização de três versões de tradução e retrotradução, discussão sobre a versão síntese e a interlocução com a população-alvo proporcionaram viabilidade ao processo de equivalência semântica da versão final brasileira.
Associação entre polimorfismo SLC6A3 3’UTR VNTR e a resposta ao tratamento da dependência de nicotina
Authors: Focchi Guilherme Rubino de Azevedo , Silva Ismael Dale Cotrim Guerreiro da , Scivoletto Sandra
Published: February 2012

Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre a resposta ao tratamento da dependência de nicotina com bupropiona e a presença do polimorfismo SLC6A3 3’UTR VNTR, localizado no gene que codifica o transportador dopaminérgico. Método: Foram acompanhados no Ambulatório de Tabagismo do Instituto de Psiquiatria da Faculdade de Medicina da USP 100 pacientes do sexo masculino com diagnóstico de dependência de nicotina, sem outras patologias. Todos receberam bupropiona até 300 mg ao dia por 12 semanas, associada à terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo. A Escala de Fagerström foi aplicada no início e no final do tratamento, e avaliou-se a parada do uso de cigarros na última semana de tratamento e um mês após. Os pacientes tiveram 10 ml de sangue colhidos e genotipados para a existência do polimorfismo SLC6A3 3’UTR VNTR. Resultados: Não foi encontrada associação entre cessação do uso de cigarro e presença do polimorfismo. Conclusão: São necessários mais estudos para avaliar se a presença do polimorfismo SLC6A3 3’UTR VNTR estaria relacionada à melhor resposta ao tratamento da dependência de nicotina.
Comorbidades clínicas e psiquiátricas em pacientes com transtorno bipolar do tipo I
Authors: Barbosa Izabela Guimarães , Ferreira Rodrigo de Almeida , Huguet Rodrigo Barreto , Rocha Fábio Lopes , Salgado João Vinícius , Teixeira Antônio Lúcio
Published: February 2012

Contexto: O transtorno bipolar tipo I está comumente associado a comorbidades clínicas e psiquiátricas, mas ainda há poucos dados disponíveis sobre pacientes brasileiros. Objetivos: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de comorbidades clínicas e psiquiátricas em uma amostra brasileira de pacientes bipolares tipo I. O objetivo secundário foi investigar as associações de características clínico-demográficas e comorbidades com tentativas de suicídio. Métodos: Foram incluídos neste estudo 94 pacientes bipolares tipo I. O diagnóstico psiquiátrico foi determinado utilizando-se a avaliação Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-Plus). O diagnóstico de comorbidades clínicas foi baseado na história clínica e no acompanhamento de clínicos gerais. Resultados: As comorbidades mais prevalentes nos pacientes bipolares foram: transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (19,20%), dependência de substâncias (43,60%), hipertensão arterial (29,80%), diabetes mellitus (17,00%), dislipidemia (22,30%) e hipotireoidismo (19,10%). Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas em relação às características demográficas ou à prevalência de comorbidades nos grupos com e sem tentativa de suicídio. Conclusão: Pacientes bipolares atendidos em serviço psiquiátrico apresentam elevada prevalência de comorbidades psiquiátricas e clínicas. Nessa população, tentativas de suicídio não se associam com a presença de comorbidades ou características demográficas.
Satisfação de familiares de pacientes psiquiátricos com os serviços de saúde mental e seus fatores associados
Authors: Bandeira Marina , Silva Mônia Aparecida da , Camilo Cleucimara Aparecida , Felício Cynthia Mara
Published: February 2012

Objetivo: Avaliar a satisfação de familiares cuidadores de pacientes psiquiátricos com os serviços de saúde mental e seus fatores associados. Método: Realizou-se uma pesquisa avaliativa de serviços, do tipo correlacional e de corte transversal, com uma amostra de 85 familiares cuidadores de pacientes psiquiátricos, atendidos em três serviços de saúde mental públicos, situados em três cidades do interior de Minas Gerais. Utilizaram-se a Escala de Avaliação da Satisfação dos Familiares com os Serviços de Saúde Mental (SATIS-BR) e um questionário de variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. Resultados: A maioria dos familiares estava satisfeita ou muito satisfeita em relação aos aspectos avaliados dos serviços. A satisfação estava significativa e positivamente associada à idade dos pacientes e ao número de meses sem internação psiquiátrica. Não foi detectada influência do tipo de serviço no grau de satisfação. Conclusão: As variáveis dos pacientes foram os principais fatores associados à satisfação dos familiares. A satisfação dos familiares foi elevada, tendo-se inferido a influência parcial do contraste com outros serviços de saúde. Foi apontada a necessidade de maior diferenciação entre os serviços. Estudos futuros, com amostras maiores e aleatórias, poderão reavaliar esses resultados.
Revisão dos métodos empregados na avaliação da dimensão corporal em pacientes com transtornos alimentares
Authors: Thurm Bianca Elisabeth , Miranda Maria Luiza de Jesus , Salzano Fabio Tapia , Cangelli Filho Raphael , Cordás Táki Athanássios , Gama Eliane Florêncio
Published: February 2012

Objetivo: O presente artigo analisou os métodos de avaliação da percepção da dimensão corporal abordados na literatura científica. Método: Foram utilizadas a palavra-chave "body image" e a combinação desta com os termos "size perception" e "size estimation", nas bases de dados Medline, Bireme, EBSCO e SCOPUS, para o levantamento científico. O período considerado para essas buscas foi de 1975 a 2010. Resultados: Foram encontrados quatro métodos que avaliam e quantificam a percepção dimensional do corpo, aplicando-se um índice de percepção da dimensão corporal. Os métodos diferem em sua forma de execução, utilização de instrumentos, uso ou não de feedback visual por parte do avaliado, utilização de estímulo tátil ou não para gerar a resposta do avaliado. Conclusão: O Image Marking Procedure (IMP) mostrou-se apropriado para a avaliação da dimensão corporal nos distúrbios alimentares, pela possibilidade de avaliar o grau de distorção corporal e dos segmentos corporais específicos sem a interferência visual, cognitiva e qualquer referencial externo comparado aos outros testes que mostraram limitações quanto a esses aspectos. Sugere-se que ele seja utilizado em futuras pesquisas que avaliem o aspecto dimensional da percepção corporal.
Formas deficitária e não deficitária da esquizofrenia não diferem quanto à sazonalidade de nascimentos nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Lopes Victor M. V. , Banzato Cláudio E. M. , Dantas Clarissa R.
Published: February 2012

Objetivos: Entre os pacientes com esquizofrenia originários do hemisfério norte, observa-se um excesso de 5%-10% de nascimentos no inverno e na primavera. Entretanto, entre os pacientes com a forma deficitária da doença, há uma pequena sobrerrepresentação de nascimentos no verão. Neste estudo, buscou-se verificar se tais associações se repetem entre os pacientes com esquizofrenia nascidos nas regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Setenta e seis pacientes com esquizofrenia foram avaliados quanto a características sociodemográficas e psicopatológicas e categorizados quanto à presença da síndrome deficitária. Pacientes com e sem síndrome deficitária foram comparados quanto à estação de nascimento. Adicionalmente, compararam-se características psicopatológicas entre pacientes nascidos nas quatro estações do ano. Resultados: A distribuição de nascimentos de acordo com as estações não apresentou diferenças significativas. Entre pacientes com síndrome deficitária, dois terços nasceram no verão e outono, mas essa diferença não alcançou significância estatística. Não foram encontradas diferenças psicopatológicas relacionadas à estação do ano de nascimento. Conclusão: Nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, não foi observado o excesso de nascimentos no verão entre pacientes ESquizofrênicos com síndrome deficitária, bem como não foi constatado excesso de nascimentos no inverno e primavera no grupo geral de pacientes com esquizofrenia.
Considerações sobre a clínica e o tratamento de uma manifestação incomum do transtorno dismórfico corporal: a síndrome de referência olfatória
Authors: Gebara Cristiane Maluhy , Barros Neto Tito Paes de
Published: February 2012

Neste relato, descreve-se o caso de um rapaz de 23 anos que apresentava a crença de exalar um odor desagradável proveniente da transpiração e acreditava que incomodava as outras pessoas. O paciente foi medicado com amissulprida associada a técnicas de terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC), tendo havido acentuada melhora do quadro clínico. Foram abordados aspectos relativos à nosologia e às manifestações clínicas da síndrome de referência olfatória (SRO), e o seu tratamento foi discutido. Observou-se que experimentos comportamentais envolvendo exposição com desafio às crenças delirantes podem ser úteis no tratamento desse transtorno e que os antipsicóticos, particularmente a amissulprida, podem ser uma boa alternativa aos inibidores de recaptação da serotonina (IRSs) no tratamento da SRO.
Microbial communities in Cerrado soils under native vegetation subjected to prescribed fire and under pasture
Authors: Viana Laura Tillmann , Bustamante Mercedes Maria da Cunha , Molina Marirosa , Pinto Alexandre de Siqueira , Kisselle Keith , Zepp Richard , Burke Roger A
Published: February 2012

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of fire regimes and vegetation cover on the structure and dynamics of soil microbial communities, through phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Comparisons were made between native areas with different woody covers ("cerrado stricto sensu" and "campo sujo"), under different fire regimes, and a 20-year-old active palisadegrass pasture in the Central Plateau of Brazil. Microbial biomass was higher in the native plots than in the pasture, and the highest monthly values were observed during the rainy season in the native plots. No significant differences were observed between fire regimes or between communities from the two native vegetation types. However, the principal component (PC) analysis separated the microbial communities by vegetation cover (native x pasture) and season (wet x dry), accounting for 45.8% (PC1 and PC3) and 25.6% (PC2 and PC3), respectively, of the total PLFA variability. Changes in land cover and seasonal rainfall in Cerrado ecosystems have significant effects on the total density of soil microorganisms and on the abundance of microbial groups, especially Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
Relação entre a presença de cupinzeiros e a degradação de pastagens
Authors: Lima Sandra Santana de , Alves Bruno José Rodrigues , Aquino Adriana Maria de , Mercante Fábio Martins , Pinheiro Érika Flávia Machado , Sant'Anna Selenobaldo Alexinaldo Cabral , Urquiaga Segundo , Boddey Robert Michael
Published: February 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar indicadores químicos, físicos e biológicos da degradação de pastagens em áreas contrastantes quanto à ocorrência de cupinzeiros. Foram avaliadas as áreas de pastagem com a cultivar Marandu de Urochloa brizantha (Syn. Brachiaria brizantha), quanto à ausência (pasto 1) ou à presença (pasto 2) de cupinzeiros, e área com vegetação nativa de Cerrado. Foram avaliados: granulometria e fertilidade do solo; atividade microbiana do solo; nitrogênio potencialmente mineralizável; produção da gramínea em oferta; liteira existente e depositada no período de 28 dias; e fração leve da matéria orgânica do solo. No pasto 2, os cupinzeiros foram contados e 20 ninhos foram sorteados para coleta e identificação de cupins. Cornitermes cumulans foi a única espécie coletada, com média de 128 ninhos por hectare, tendo ocupado 0,1% da área útil. Entre os indicadores avaliados, apenas a oferta e a liteira diferiram entre as áreas de pastagens. A maior densidade de cupinzeiros não pode ser relacionada à acidez do solo ou aos outros parâmetros avaliados. A presença de cupinzeiros não é indicador de degradação química e biológica da pastagem e não está associada à alteração na dinâmica de resíduos da parte aérea de capim-marandu.
Characterization of maturity and quality of Brazilian apirenic grapes in the São Francisco river Valley
Authors: Mascarenhas Robson de Jesus , Silva Silvanda de Melo , Lima Maria Auxiliadora Coêlho de , Mendonça Rejane Maria Nunes , Holschuh Heinz Johann
Published: February 2012

The objective of this study was to characterize and correlate maturity and quality of the first varieties of Brazilian seedless grapes 'BRS Clara', 'BRS Linda', 'BRS Morena', and 'Advanced Selection 8' compared with the American variety 'Crimson Seedless' in compliance with the Brazilian Normative/2002 and export standards Advanced Selection 8' is dark reddish, has large clusters, and is a very large ellipsoid berry; 'BRS Morena' is black with medium sized clusters and large berry shaped as ellipsoid to globoid; 'BRS Linda' is light green and has large sized clusters; 'Crimson' is pink and has small clusters with berries varying from medium to large sizes and ellipsoid shaped; and 'BRS Clara' is green yellowish has medium sized clusters and small berry of elongated ellipsoid shape. All varieties evaluated meet the standard for domestic market established as berry size minimum diameter 12 mm. 'BRS Clara' does not meet the export requirements of diameter. Berries of the red grapes 'BRS Morena' and 'Crimson Seedless' are firmer. The pH, titratable acidity, and soluble solids meet the official standards. Larger clusters are less acidic and present higher soluble solids/titratable acidity ratios implying that they are the sweetest type when ripe.
Fascismo e Berlusconismo
Authors: D'Arcais Paolo Flores
Published: February 2012

O berlusconismo não é o fascismo, mas é o equivalente funcional e pós-moderno do fascismo. Implica a destruição da democracia liberal nas condições do novo milênio, na época do domínio da imagem, da globalização das mercadorias e da manipulação irrestrita da verdade.
O pensamento na arte contemporânea
Authors: Rajchman John
Published: February 2012

No artigo, o autor explora a tese de que não há arte - e, particularmente, não há "arte contemporânea" - sem uma busca por novas ideias de arte, novas ideias do que seja a arte e de suas relações específicas com as instituições artísticas e com o próprio pensamento.
O gosto dominante como gosto tradicional: preferências e aversões estéticas das classes altas de São Paulo
Authors: Pulici Carolina
Published: February 2012

Baseado em entrevistas semidiretivas com frações das classes altas de São Paulo e em críticas culturais veiculadas pela imprensa paulistana contemporânea, este artigo discute algumas visões que banqueiros, colecionadores de arte, embaixadores, fazendeiros, rentiers, filantropos, grandes empresários, altos executivos, industriais etc. constroem de si mesmos e dos outros em suas preferências estéticas declaradas. A análise de seus juízos de gosto em matéria de arquitetura, cinema e artes plásticas aponta para o apego aos valores artísticos tradicionais.
A lógica particular e concreta das palavras
Authors: Arrigucci Jr. Davi
Published: February 2012

Em discurso de agradecimento, o professor e crítico literário relembra sua trajetória intelectual. Do contato e amizade com figuras-chave da geração precedente de intelectuais aos passos de sua carreira de crítico e acadêmico, passando por memórias pessoais, o texto reconstrói o pano de fundo pessoal e intelectual do autor.
A revolta no Egito
Authors: Kandil Hazem
Published: February 2012

Esta entrevista enfoca a derrubada do regime autoritário egípcio em 11 de fevereiro de 2011, quando o presidente Hosni Mubarak renunciou ao posto após três décadas no poder: as razões que levaram à revolta popular, os segmentos sociais que compuseram o movimento e a forma como se deu sua mobilização, as forças que constituíam a estrutura de poder do regime deposto, o cenário sociopolítico do Egito no período de transição subsequente e as perspectivas de democratização do país.
O aluno sob medida: os testes psicológicos e educacionais como tecnologia
Authors: Sass Odair
Published: February 2012

Discute-se a relação entre a psicologia e a estatística, no campo educacional, procurando evidenciar que tal relação não se esgota com a explicação do progresso científico inexorável; antes, ela é indissociável da realização objetiva da racionalidade tecnológica, característica da sociedade industrial e administrada. Essa perspectiva é explorada por meio da psicotécnica, primeiramente, recorrendo a um momento importante do desenvolvimento da noção de inteligência, exemplificada pela teoria bifatorial de Spearman; depois, por meio da aplicação de testes psicológicos e educacionais, na escola primária brasileira, conforme os educadores Isaias Alves e Lourenço Filho.
Cidadania, educação e responsabilidade social: percursos biográficos de jovens grávidas em contextos de protecção social
Authors: Fonseca Laura , Santos Sofia , Caldas José Manuel Peixoto
Published: February 2012

Sexualidade, gravidez e parentalidade jovem são assuntos complexos e de grande debate na modernidade tardia globalizada, jogando questões de liberdade e direitos, a par de regulação e controle social público, constituindo-se, assim, em campo de relevância educacional. Este texto revela conhecimento baseado em narrativas de uma jovem portuguesa e outra romena, de 17 e 19 anos, residentes em instituições de protecção social, devido a gravidez e maternidade jovem. Interpretam-se os seus discursos e subjectividades referentes a vivências antes e durante o período de custódia, mas projectando-se além deles. A discussão é enquadrada por relações entre cidadania sexual e íntima e educação, em cada percurso, sem esquecer as regularidades sociais que atravessam as suas vidas e das suas crianças. Discutem-se manifestações e regularidades que relacionam tanto género como poder: desconexão escolar prévia à gravidez, sexualidades desprevenidas e dificuldades em negociar sexo seguro.
Sobre pluralismo, verdade e tolerância: diálogos epistemológicos e éticos para uma educação intercultural
Authors: Andrade Marcelo
Published: February 2012

Multiculturalismo e interculturalidade, ainda que guardem distinções, são conceitos que têm conquistado grande espaço no discurso educacional. Há uma série de pesquisas que os aproximam do campo do currículo, da prática pedagógica e da educação popular. Este trabalho, por sua vez, visa a contribuir com o debate no campo dos fundamentos da educação. Nesse sentido, o objetivo foi eleger duas abordagens teóricas e trazê-las para o diálogo sobre questões epistemológicas e éticas, a fim de ressignificar o debate sobre a perspectiva intercultural em educação, privilegiando os conceitos de verdade, pluralismo e tolerância. Assim, foi privilegiado o diálogo com Karl Popper e Noberto Bobbio. Com o primeiro, buscou-se entender como a concepção de verdade pode ajudar a entender uma proposta de educação intercultural. Com o segundo, buscou-se avançar das questões epistemológicas para os desafios éticos sobre o pluralismo e a tolerância na prática pedagógica.
Condições de trabalho e suas repercussões na saúde dos professores da educação básica no Brasil
Authors: Souza Aparecida Neri de , Leite Marcia de Paula
Published: February 2012

Análise de pesquisas - teses e dissertações - sobre trabalho e saúde de professores da educação básica no Brasil, produzidas no período entre 1997 e 2006, mapeando as principais formas de sofrimento no trabalho a que estão submetidos os docentes. O texto indica que há uma predominância de estudos, sobre saúde mental, construídos a partir do campo da psicologia e das ciências médicas e biológicas. As pesquisas dialogam com referencial teórico metodológico da psicopatologia do trabalho e com estudos, no campo da educação, sobre mal-estar docente. Finalmente, o texto aponta para os limites e perspectivas das pesquisas sobre as condições de trabalho e saúde de professores.
Práticas interdisciplinares no ensino primário: concepções de professores e futuros professores no Québec
Authors: Araújo-Oliveira Anderson , Lenoir Yves , Morales-Gomes Maria Alejandra , McConnell Anne Catherine
Published: February 2012

O texto apresenta, numa perspectiva comparativa, os resultados de duas pesquisas que tratam das concepções de professores e futuros professores em relação a suas práticas interdisciplinares, em contexto de aplicação de novos programas curriculares no ensino primário no Québec (Canadá). Para a realização destes estudos, contamos com a participação de 289 futuros professores (oriundos de quatro universidades francófonas do Québec) e de 81 professores da Comissão Escolar da região de Sherbrooke na Província de Québec. Por meio de uma análise estatística descritiva simples e de uma análise de conteúdo das respostas dos participantes a três questionários distintos, identificamos suas principais concepções referentes à noção de interdisciplinaridade e a sua aplicação em sala de aula. Os resultados analisados revelam uma grande proximidade entre o discurso dos professores e dos futuros professores e sugerem, quando comparados a resultados de pesquisas anteriores, uma grande estabilidade temporal destes discursos.