bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Conjugate Arylation Toward β‐Fluoroalkylated Electron‐Deficient Alkenes: A New Entry to a Construction of a Tertiary Carbon Center Possessing a Fluoroalkyl Group.
Authors: Morigaki Atsunori , Tanaka Tomoo , Miyabe Tomotsugu , Ishihara Takashi , Konno Tsutomu
Published: May 2013

Various electron deficient alkenes react with arylboronic acids under rhodium catalysis to the corresponding Michael adducts in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: O‐Benzenedisulfonimide as a Reusable Broensted Acid Catalyst for Hetero‐Michael Reactions
Authors: Barbero Margherita , Cadamuro Silvano , Dughera Stefano
Published: May 2013

of various O‐, S‐, and N‐nucleophiles to α,β‐unsaturated compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Imine Acylation: Rapid Access to Diverse Heterocyclic Scaffolds.
Authors: Unsworth William P. , Kitsiou Christiana , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: May 2013

A reliable and versatile tool for the synthesis of a variety of polycyclic heterocyclic scaffolds using the direct acylation of imines with functionalized benzoic acids is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic C—H and C—S Bond Activation of Thiophenes.
Authors: Li Jing , Huang Huanan , Liang Weihong , Gao Qun , Duan Zheng
Published: May 2013

The palladium‐catalyzed reaction of 2‐arylthiophenes (I) with alkynes (II) leads selectively to adducts (III) in moderate yields, whilst the reaction with thiophenes (IV) bearing a 2,6‐dimethylphenyl or mesityl moiety proceeds via an other pathway affording products (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light Induced Photocatalytic Reductive Transformations of Organohalides.
Authors: Kim Hyejin , Lee Chulbom
Published: May 2013

An Ir‐catalyzed cyclization of a variety of unsaturated organic iodides and bromides is developed with photolytic activation.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for the Benzylic Oxidation of Alkylarenes Catalyzed by Hypervalent Iodine(III).
Authors: Xu Yuan , Yang Zhenping , Hu Jiantao , Yan Jie
Published: May 2013

The convenient protocol affords high yields for the cyclic ketones, whereas linear ketones are formed with moderate to low yield except in the case of acetophenone (VIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Sulfanyl Ketones via a Tandem Rearrangement‐Conjugate Addition Reaction Catalyzed by a Re(V)‐Oxo Complex.
Authors: Garst Alyson E. , Badiceanu Alexandra D. , Nolin Kristine A.
Published: May 2013

The propargyl alcohols rearrange to enones which are subjected to a subsequent conjugate addition of thiols.
ChemInform Abstract: Vanadium(IV) Acetylacetonate Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Enaminoesters and β‐Enaminones.
Authors: Laskar Rajibul A. , Begum Naznin A. , Mir Mohammad Hedayetullah , Ali Shahzad , Khan Abu T.
Published: May 2013

A simple and rapid conversion of β‐keto esters and 1,3‐diones to β‐enamino derivatives is developed using both aliphatic and aromatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: C—C Bond Formation via Copper‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition Reactions to Enones in Water at Room Temperature.
Authors: Lipshutz Bruce H. , Huang Shenlin , Leong Wendy Wen Yi , Zhong Guofu , Isley Nicholas A.
Published: May 2013

The reaction takes place in nanomicelles formed by the amphiphile TPGS‐750‐M in water.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium/Chiral Amine Co‐Catalyzed Enantioselective β‐Arylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Ibrahem Ismail , Ma Guangning , Afewerki Samson , Cordova Armando
Published: May 2013

This method is applied in the total syntheses of (R)‐4‐phenylchroman‐2‐one (VII) and (R)‐(‐)‐α‐curcumene (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Nucleophilic Addition/Oxy‐2‐azonia‐Cope Rearrangement for the Formation of Homoallylic Amides and Lactams: Total Synthesis and Structural Verification of Motuporamine G.
Authors: Zhou Lijun , Li Zhiming , Zou Yue , Wang Quanrui , Sanhueza Italo A. , Schoenebeck Franziska , Goeke Andreas
Published: May 2013

This method can be used for ring enlargements to give macrocyclic lactams.
ChemInform Abstract: Acidic‐Functionalized Ionic Liquid as an Efficient, Green, and Metal‐Free Catalyst for Benzylation of Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Carbon Nucleophiles to Benzylic Alcohols.
Authors: Chu Xue‐Qiang , Jiang Ran , Fang Yi , Gu Zheng‐Yang , Meng Hua , Wang Shun‐Yi , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: May 2013

1‐Pentyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate and several structurally related ionic liquids are synthesized and applied as catalyst for the benzylation of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dibromoolefins via a Tandem Ozonolysis—Dibromoolefination Reaction.
Authors: Brown Brenna Arlyce , Veinot Jonathan G. C.
Published: May 2013

The ozonolysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical alkenes can be directly coupled with a Corey—Fuchs‐type dibromoolefination to provide different dibromolefins without isolating the reactive intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective One‐Pot Knoevenagel Condensation/Corey—Chaykovsky Cyclopropanation.
Authors: Clemens Jeremy J. , et al. et al.
Published: May 2013

This method yields diastereomerically pure substituted cyclopropanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Cyano‐1,4‐cycloheptadiene Derivatives via Divinylcyclopropane Rearrangement and Alkylation of Novel Cycloheptadienyl Anion Species.
Authors: Yamada Takumasa , Yoshimura Fumihiko , Tanino Keiji
Published: May 2013

Reaction of cyclopropane (I) with oxiranes in the presence of BuLi produces 2‐cyano‐1,4‐cycloheptadienecarbonitriles after thermal rearrangement of the intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Azulene Derivatives via Passerini Reaction by Grinding.
Authors: Sato Koichi , Ozu Takumi , Takenaga Naoko
Published: May 2013

Simple grinding of azulene (I) with aromatic aldehydes and carboxylic acids results in formation of carboxamide‐substituted derivatives whose yield depend on the substitution pattern of the acid residues.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Chemoselective Carbon—Carbon σ‐Bond Activation: Nickel/Lewis Acid Catalyzed Polyfluoroarylcyanation of Alkynes.
Authors: Minami Yasunori , Yoshiyasu Hirofumi , Nakao Yoshiaki , Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: May 2013

This reaction proceeds via C—CN activation without C—H and C—F bond cleavages.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper/Titanium Catalysis Forms Fully Substituted Carbon Centers from the Direct Coupling of Acyclic Ketones, Amines and Alkynes.
Authors: Pierce Conor J. , Nguyen Mary , Larsen Catharine H.
Published: May 2013

It is found that titanium(IV) ethoxide is a suitable Lewis acid for the copper‐catalyzed three‐component coupling of ketones, amines, and alkynes to produce highly substituted propargylamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Vinylation of Aminals with Simple Alkenes: A New Strategy to Construct Allylamines.
Authors: Xie Yinjun , Hu Jianhua , Wang Yanyu , Xia Chungu , Huang Hanmin
Published: May 2013

Various allylamines are synthesized by the presented new method from styrenes and aminals tolerating a wide range of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis and Isolation of Functionalized Allylboronic Acids: Selective, Direct Allylboration of Ketones.
Authors: Raducan Mihai , Alam Rauful , Szabo Kalman J.
Published: May 2013

The allylboronic acids are synthesized from allyl alcohols and a commercially available diboronic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Formation of β‐Hydroxyketones by the Reduction of Ketene Dimers.
Authors: Wei Pei‐Hsun , Gary Melanie A. , Nalla Divya , Harzmann Gero D. , Ibrahim Ahmad A. , Dayak Kyle R. , Kerrigan Nessan J.
Published: May 2013

Conditions C) are employed as the most efficient ones: the products are formed with good to excellent diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Hydrogenation of Electron‐Poor Allenes and Alkenes.
Authors: Ines Blanca , Palomas David , Holle Sigrid , Steinberg Sebastian , Nicasio Juan A. , Alcarazo Manuel
Published: May 2013

An equimolar catalytic mixture of DABCO and tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane is successfully employed in the process.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Base‐Mediated Amidation of Aldehydes with Azides.
Authors: Kulkarni Sameer S. , Hu Xiangdong , Manetsch Roman
Published: May 2013

A practical and efficient amidation reaction of aromatic aldehydes with various azides under mild conditions and with broad functional group tolerance is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed, Ligand‐Controlled Chemoselective Oxidative Coupling Reactions of Benzene Derivatives with Acrylamides under an Oxygen Atmosphere.
Authors: Harada Seiichiro , Yano Hiroki , Obora Yasushi
Published: May 2013

This is the first synthesis of cinnamamide from benzene and acrylamide.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Nucleophilic Fluorination: Ring Opening of Oxabicyclic Alkenes.
Authors: Zhu Jiangtao , Tsui Gavin C. , Lautens Mark
Published: May 2013

The ring opening is promoted by NEt3·HF and affords 1,2‐dihydronaphthalene structures in the first step.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cycloisomerization of Enynes for Axially Chiral Biaryl Construction.
Authors: Kadoya Nobuaki , Murai Masato , Ishiguro Masako , Uenishi Jun'ichi , Uemura Motokazu
Published: May 2013

Conditions A) or B) are highly suitable for the process, which affords different biaryl systems with good to excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Nazarov Reaction of Aryl Vinyl Ketones via Binary Acid Strategy.
Authors: Xi Zhi‐Guo , Zhu Lihui , Luo Sanzhong , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: May 2013

Nazarov reaction of aryl vinyl β‐ketoesters is optimally catalyzed by a binary acid catalyst consisting of In(OTf)3 and diphenyl phosphoric acid (DPP).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Cationic Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one Conjugated Fullerene Nanoparticles as Antimycobacterial and Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Patel Manishkumar B. , Harikrishnan Uma , Valand Nikunj N. , Modi Nishith R. , Menon Shobhana K.
Published: May 2013

A novel class of quinazolinone‐fullerene conjugates is designed and synthesized as antimycobacterial/microbial agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Alkylidene‐β‐hydroxy‐γ‐butyrolactones via Enantioselective Tandem Michael—Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Lee Sung Il , Jang Jin Hee , Hwang Geum‐Sook , Ryu Do Hyun
Published: May 2013

This is a simple and efficient method for the asymmetric synthesis of the title compounds (V), a common motif in natural products.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Organocatalytic Enantioselective Michael Addition of Aryl Methyl Ketones with 2‐Furanones: Highly Functionalized Chiral 3,4‐Substituted Lactones.
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Junfeng , Zhou Shuo , Sun Qi , Ge Zemei , Wang Xin , Li Runtao
Published: May 2013

The title reaction provides a convenient access to a wide variety of highly substituted chiral γ‐lactones with good yields and good to excellent enantioselectivities (22 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Cyclic Dienol Carbonates: Efficient Route to Enantioenriched γ‐Butenolides Bearing an All‐Carbon α‐Quaternary Stereogenic Center.
Authors: Fournier Jeremy , Lozano Oscar , Menozzi Candice , Arseniyadis Stellios , Cossy Janine
Published: May 2013

Several methods for the enantioselective synthesis and transformation of the title compounds are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Method for Generation of o‐Quinone Methides under Basic Conditions. The Facile Synthesis of trans‐2,3‐Dihydrobenzofurans.
Authors: Chen Mu‐Wang , Cao Liang‐Liang , Ye Zhi‐Shi , Jiang Guo‐Fang , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: May 2013

A novel method for the generation of o‐quinone methide intermediates from 2‐tosylalkylphenols (I) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Tandem Elimination—Cyclization—Desulfitative Arylation of 2‐(gem‐Dibromovinyl)phenols(thiophenols) with Sodium Arylsulfinates.
Authors: Chen Wei , Li Pinhua , Miao Tao , Meng Ling‐Guo , Wang Lei
Published: May 2013

This novel one‐pot procedure provides efficient access to various substituted benzofurans and benzothiophene derivatives under ligand free and mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Zirconium Catalyzed Chemoselective Synthesis of New Amido‐Substituted Benzo[b]furans via a One‐Pot Reaction.
Authors: Karami Bahador , Khodabakhshi Saeed , Vahabinia Hamid Reza
Published: May 2013

The one‐pot three‐component reaction of arylglyoxals (II), benzamide (III) and phenol derivatives (I) and (V) in the presence of a Zr‐catalyst affords chemoselectively benzofurans (IV) and (VI), resp., rather than alternative oxazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Enantioselective Decarboxylative Stereoablation Reaction for the Construction of 3,3′‐Disubstituted Oxindoles Using β‐Ketoacids and 3‐Halooxindoles.
Authors: Zuo Jian , Liao Yu‐Hua , Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Yuan Wei‐Cheng
Published: May 2013

Attractive features of this protocol are the utilization of readily available substrates, reagents, and catalysts, as well as simplicity and mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Condensation for the Construction of Novel Spirooxindoles.
Authors: Ji Fei , Sun Mu , Lv Mei‐fang , Yi Wen‐bin , Cai Chun
Published: May 2013

A convenient one‐pot procedure permits the synthesis of target compounds via reaction of isatylidene derivatives with zwitterionic species, generated in situ from alkynes and isocyanides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalytic, Mild and Efficient Protocol for the C‐3 Aerial Hydroxylation of Oxindoles.
Authors: Buckley Benjamin R. , Fernandez D.‐R. Beatriz
Published: May 2013

The procedure is successful for a broad spectrum of indole substrates; however, N‐protection is necessary since an unprotected substrate does not react.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,N,N‐Trisubstituted 1H‐Indole‐1‐carbothioamides from 2‐(Acylmethyl)phenyl Isocyanides.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Yamane Kazuya , Fukamachi Shuhei
Published: May 2013

A simple method for the synthesis of the title compounds (VI), which are difficult to prepare by previously reported procedures, is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Substituted 3‐Arylindoles Through Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylative Cyclization of 2‐Alkynyltrifluoroacetanilides with Arylboronic Acids under Oxidative Conditions.
Authors: Arcadi Antonio , Cacchi Sandro , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Goggiamani Antonella , Iazzetti Antonia , Marinelli Fabio
Published: May 2013

An efficient, new and alternative approach for the synthesis of various substituted indoles has been developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiazolo[3,4‐b]indazole‐2,2‐dioxides as Masked Extended Dipoles: Pericyclic Reactions of Benzodiazafulvenium Methides.
Authors: Soares Maria I. L. , Nunes Claudio M. , Gomes Clara S. B. , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D.
Published: May 2013

First examples of 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of thiazolidine‐derived sydnones with in situ generated benzyne lead to dihydrothiazolo[3,4‐b]indazoles (III) which are further converted into sulfones (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Fluorinated Propargyl Amidines with Aryl Iodides
Authors: Li Shan , Yuan Yafen , Li Yajun , Li Zhengke , Zhang Lisi , Wu Yongming
Published: May 2013

leading to 2,5‐disubstituted N‐arylimidazoles
ChemInform Abstract: CuO Nanoparticles Supported on Silica: A New Catalyst for Facile Synthesis of Benzimidazoles, Benzothiazoles and Benzoxazoles.
Authors: Inamdar Suleman M. , More Vinod K. , Mandal Sisir K.
Published: May 2013

It is demonstrated that the condensations proceed with high efficiency in a short reaction time.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Bonds as Ubiquitous Functionality: Preparation of Multiple Regioisomers of Arylated 1,2,4‐Triazoles via C—H Arylation.
Authors: Joo Jung Min , Guo Pengfei , Sames Dalibor
Published: May 2013

Similar reactions can also be performed with THP instead of SEM as protecting group on the triazole substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Bis(amino)‐1,2,4‐thiadiazoles via Direct SNAr.
Authors: Beeley Howard A. , Degorce Sebastien , Harris Craig S. , Lecoq Jonathan , Morgentin Remy , Perkins David
Published: May 2013

The selective SNAr reaction of dichloro‐1,2,4‐thiadiazole with amines at the 5‐position can be easily combined with a second SNAr reaction to produce unsymmetrically disubstituted 3,5‐bis(amino)‐1,2,4‐thiadiazole libraries.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cascade Reaction Actuated by Nucleophilic Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Intramolecular Addition of Enals via Homoenolate to α,β‐Unsaturated Esters: Efficient Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives.
Authors: Sinu C. R. , Padmaja D. V. M. , Ranjini U. P. , Lakshmi K. C. Seetha , Suresh Eringathodi , Nair Vijay
Published: May 2013

Comparable yields of (II) are obtained regardless whether the E/Z‐mixtures of the substrates are used or pure isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 3‐Acylchromones with Dimethyl 1,3‐Acetonedicarboxylate and 1,3‐Diphenylacetones: One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized 2‐Hydroxybenzophenones, 6H‐Benzo[c]chromenes and Benzo[c]coumarins.
Authors: Iaroshenko Viktor O. , Savych Iryna , Villinger Alexander , Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya. , Langer Peter
Published: May 2013

The reaction path strongly depends on the substitution pattern at the keto‐group of the starting chromone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient One‐Pot Amination of Carboxylate‐Substituted Nitrogen‐Containing Heteroaryl Chlorides via Staudinger Reaction.
Authors: Kandalkar Sachin R. , Kaduskar Rahul D. , Ramaiah Parimi Atchuta , Barawkar Dinesh A. , Bhuniya Debnath , Deshpande Anil M.
Published: May 2013

Chloropyridines and analogues are converted to the corresponding amino derivatives by azidation followed by Staudinger reaction and subsequent mild acidic hydrolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Csp3—H Functionalization of Methyl Azaarenes with α‐Trifluoromethyl Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Graves Vincent B. , Shaikh Abid
Published: May 2013

Ytterbium triflate is found to be highly efficient for the title reaction, delivering trifluormethylated alcohols in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition/Elimination Reactions of Ethylsulfonyl Pyridines: Stereoselective Synthesis of Vinylpyridine Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: O'Neil Gregory W. , Drake Nathan D. , Storvick Jennifer M.
Published: May 2013

Lithiation of pyridylethyl sulfones (I) and (X) with excess BuLi and subsequent addition of a variety of aldehydes results in direct formation of sulfone‐eliminated vinylpyridine allylic alcohols in high or complete (E)‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Unique and Simple Preparative Method for α‐Arylpipecolinic Acid Esters via Base‐Induced Sommelet—Hauser Rearrangement.
Authors: Tayama Eiji , Sato Ryota , Ito Motoshi , Iwamoto Hajime , Hasegawa Eietsu
Published: May 2013

Title compounds such as (V) and (IX) are prepared via a new three‐step sequence including base‐induced Sommelet—Hauser rearrangement, subsequent von Braun reaction and intramolecular α‐alkylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Per‐6‐amino‐β‐cyclodextrin as a Chiral Base Catalyst Promoting One‐Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐4‐quinolones.
Authors: Kanagaraj Kuppusamy , Pitchumani Kasi
Published: May 2013

The catalyst can be easily recovered by filtration and reused several times without significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: NHC‐Catalyzed Cascade Synthesis of 1‐Substituted 4‐Aryl‐tetrahydroquinoline‐2,5‐diones.
Authors: Yao Changsheng , Jiao Weihui , Xiao Zhaoxin , Liu Rui , Li Tuanjie , Yu Chenxia
Published: May 2013

N‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐catalyzed organocascade reactions via redox processes are found to be a simple and flexible procedure for the synthesis of title compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—H Coupling of N‐Methoxybenzamides with Aryl Boronic Acids: One‐Pot Synthesis of Phenanthridinones.
Authors: Karthikeyan Jaganathan , Haridharan Radhakrishnan , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: May 2013

The reaction proceeds with high regioselectivity under mild conditions to afford a broad spectrum of substituted title compounds through C—C and C—N coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Westphal Condensation and Its Application to Synthesis of Sempervirine and Related Compounds.
Authors: Rao T. S. Chinta , Saha Sanjay , Raolji Gajendra B. , Patro Balaram , Risbood Prabhaker , Difilippantonio Michael J. , Tomaszewski Joseph E. , Malhotra Sanjay V.
Published: May 2013

Westphal condensation of pyridoindolium bromide (I) with 1,2‐cyclohexadione followed by ester hydrolysis and decarboxylation provides title compound (IIIa), a potent lead in anticancer therapeutics.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrole versus Quinoline Formation in the Palladium Catalyzed Reaction of 2‐Alkynyl‐3‐bromothiophenes and 2‐Alkynyl‐3‐bromofurans with Anilines. A Combined Experimental and Computational Study.
Authors: Salman Ghazwan Ali , Nisa Riffat Un , Iaroshenko Viktor O. , Iqbal Jamshed , Ayub Khurshid , Langer Peter
Published: May 2013

Benzofuroquinolines and furoquinolines are prepared in one‐step from 2‐alkynyl‐3‐bromobenzofurans and 2‐alkynyl‐3‐bromofurans and electron‐rich anilines, respectively, by a Pd‐catalyzed domino C—N coupling/annulation process.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Novel Binuclear Heterocyclic Compounds from 6‐Ethyl‐3‐nitropyrano[3,2‐c]quinoline‐4,5(6H)‐dione.
Authors: Hassanin Hany M. , Abdel‐Kader Dalia
Published: May 2013

Title compound (III) is prepared and its reactivity towards a series of binucleophilic reagents is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Auto‐Tandem Catalysis: Synthesis of 4H‐Pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones via Copper‐Catalyzed Aza‐Michael Addition—Aerobic Dehydrogenation—Intramolecular Amidation.
Authors: Yang Yan , Shu Wen‐Ming , Yu Shang‐Bo , Ni Fan , Gao Meng , Wu An‐Xin
Published: May 2013

A novel copper‐catalyzed synthesis of pyridopyrimidinones from 1,4‐enediones and 2‐amino‐heterocycles is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Approach to the Synthesis of 2‐Phenylquinoxalines and Pyrido[2,3‐b]pyrazines via a Regioselective Reaction.
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Mokhtari Javad
Published: May 2013

Attempts to obtain spiro‐compounds of type (IV) via multicomponent reaction of phosphoranylideneethanone (I) with isatin and aromatic o‐diamines result in the unexpected formation of fused pyrazine derivatives [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Condensation of Nitroacetic Esters with Aromatic Aldehydes Leading to 5‐Hydroxy‐1,2‐oxazin‐6‐ones.
Authors: Baranov Mikhail S. , Yampolsky Ilia V.
Published: May 2013

Contrary to a previous report, the reaction of nitroacetate with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of dialkylamines is found to generate the oxazinones (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Esterification of Phosphinic Acids under Microwave Conditions: Extension to the Synthesis of Thiophosphinates and New Mechanistic Insights.
Authors: Keglevich Gyoergy , Kiss Nora Zsuzsa , Drahos Laszlo , Koertvelyesi Tamas
Published: May 2013

A simple procedure allows the direct esterification with thiols and benzyl alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral β‐Iodo‐ and Vinylorganophosphorus(V) Compounds by Fragmentation of Carbohydrate Anomeric Alkoxyl Radicals.
Authors: Hernandez‐Guerra Daniel , Rodriguez Maria S. , Suarez Ernesto
Published: May 2013

Desired phosphapentofuranoses, e.g. (X) and (XII), are prepared via a carbohydrate anomeric alkoxyl radical β‐fragmentation reaction of hexapyranoses such as (V) with iodine as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Superhydrophobic Surfaces by Electrochemical Processes
Authors: Darmanin Thierry , Taffin de Givenchy Elisabeth , Amigoni Sonia , Guittard Frederic
Published: May 2013

Review: 159 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxyfluoride Chemistry of Layered Perovskite Compounds
Authors: Tsujimoto Yoshihiro , Yamaura Kazunari , Takayama‐Muromachi Eiji
Published: May 2013

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Amphoteric Oxide Semiconductors for Energy Conversion Device: A Tutorial Review
Authors: Singh Kalpana , Nowotny Janusz , Thangadurai Venkataraman
Published: May 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Comparison of Primary Oxidants for Water‐Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Parent Alexander R. , Crabtree Robert H. , Brudvig Gary W.
Published: May 2013

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in Microwave‐Aided Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Hassan Hani Mutlak A. , Harakeh Steve , Sakkaf Kaltoom A. , Denetiu Iuliana
Published: May 2013

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Heterocyclic Scaffolds via Transition Metal‐Catalyzed sp3 C—H Functionalization
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhang Ai‐Qin , Peng Yiyuan
Published: May 2013

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Salt Catalysts: A Rapidly Emerging Class of Powerful Asymmetric Catalysts
Authors: Novacek Johanna , Waser Mario
Published: May 2013

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Steroids with Nitrogen‐Containing Substituents in Ring D
Authors: Stulov S. V. , Misharin A. Yu.
Published: May 2013

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxylic Acid (Bio)Isosteres in Drug Design
Authors: Ballatore Carlo , Huryn Donna M. , Smith Amos B. III
Published: May 2013

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Routes to 2H‐Tetrazoles by Cyclization and Ring Transformation
Authors: Moderhack Dietrich
Published: May 2013

Review: <125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Carbene—Metal‐Catalyzed Csp2—Csp2 and Csp—Csp2 Couplings Using Nonmetallic Substrates
Authors: Yus Miguel , Pastor Isidro M.
Published: May 2013

Review: <80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of (+)‐Manool in the Synthesis of Natural Products. Part 2. Diterpenes and Relatives
Authors: Salazar Franklin J. , Villamizar Jose E.
Published: May 2013

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes in Catalysis
Authors: Egbert Jonathan D. , Cazin Catherine S. J. , Nolan Steven P.
Published: May 2013

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Methods for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols and Amines
Authors: Periasamy Mariappan , Gurubrahamam Ramani , Sanjeevakumar Nalluri , Dalai Manasi , Alakonda Laxhmaiah , Reddy Polimera Obula , Suresh Sundaram , Satishkumar Sakilam , Padmaja Meduri , Reddy Meda Narsi , et al. et al.
Published: May 2013

Review: 132 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multistep Enzyme‐Catalyzed Reactions for Unnatural Amino Acids
Authors: D'Arrigo Paola , Tessaro Davide
Published: May 2013

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembled Amphiphilic Polysaccharides: From Chemistry to Drug Encapsulation
Authors: Hassani Leila N. , Hendra Frederic , Bouchemal Kawthar
Published: May 2013

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dihydrofurans: Synthesis and Reactivity of 2‐Amino‐4,5‐dihydro‐3‐furancarbonitriles
Authors: Maruoka Hiroshi , Okabe Fumi , Yamagata Kenji
Published: May 2013

Review: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Cyclodextrin Chemistry in Water
Authors: Hapiot F. , Monflier E.
Published: May 2013

Review: 144 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Reactions of Aromatic Compounds and the Concept of the Photon as a Traceless Reagent
Authors: Hoffmann Norbert
Published: May 2013

Review: 263 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Conceptual Influence of the Baylis—Hillman Reaction on Recent Trends in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Basavaiah Deevi , Sahu Bharat Chandra
Published: May 2013

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoswitching of Chiral Supramolecular Environments and Photoinduced Lower Critical Solution Temperature Transitions in Aqueous Media Following a Supramolecular Approach
Authors: Hirose Takashi , Matsuda Kenji
Published: May 2013

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical and (Photo)‐Catalytical Transformations in Photonic Crystal Fibers
Authors: Etzold Bastian J. M. , et al. et al.
Published: May 2013

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modern Subunit Vaccines: Development, Components, and Research Opportunities
Authors: Moyle Peter Michael , Toth Istvan
Published: May 2013

Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Disinfection and Antimicrobial Processes
Authors: Kuo Jeff , Hicks Travis
Published: May 2013

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Cysteine Surrogates Used in Native Chemical Ligation
Authors: Wong Clarence T. T. , Tung Chun Ling , Li Xuechen
Published: May 2013

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Basic Principles and Current Trends in Colloidal Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Semiconductor Nanocrystals
Authors: Samokhvalov Pavel , Artemyev Mikhail , Nabiev Igor
Published: May 2013

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aquasome: A Novel Drug Delivery Approach Using Nanocrystaline Biomaterial
Authors: Sharma Sanjay , Gupta Anshita , Niranjan Harish , Goyal Manoj
Published: May 2013

Review: 22 refs.
A Prospective Randomized Study Comparing Isolation of the Arrhythmogenic Vein Versus All Veins in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Fichtner Stephanie , Hessling Gabriele , Ammar Sonia , Reents Tilko , Estner Heidi L. , Jilek Clemens , Kathan Susanne , Büchner Michael , Dillier Roger , Deisenhofer Isabel
Published: May 2013

Background

Ablation procedures in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) includes isolation of all pulmonary veins (PVs). We hypothesized that an approach using an algorithm to detect arrhythmogenic PVs (aPVs) might lead to shorter procedure duration (PD) and fewer proarrhythmic effects (PE).

Hypothesis

Isolation of the aPVs only leads to a reduced PD, reduced PEs, and fewer adverse events, with a success rate comparable to the standard all‐PV approach.

Methods

In this prospective trial, 207 patients with PAF were randomized to undergo isolation of the aPV (AG group, n = 105) or isolation of all PVs (VG group, n = 102). The aPV was identified by atrial fibrillation (AF) induction, focal discharge, or short local PV decremental conduction during PV pacing. Patients were followed with repetitive 7‐day Holter electrocardiograms (ECGs) after 3, 6, and 12 months in our arrhythmia clinic.

Results

In 97% of patients, at least 1 aPV was identified (mean, 2.1). PD did not differ significantly (152.3 ± 57.1 minutes vs 162 ± 68 minutes, P = 0.27) between the groups, but the number of radiofrequency (RF) applications and fluoroscopy time (FT) and dose were significantly lower in the AG group than in the VG group. The occurrence of PE (new‐onset atrial tachycardia) and adverse events (AE) did not differ between the 2 groups (P = 0.1). Sinus rhythm off antiarrhythmic medication (documented on 7‐day Holter ECGs) 12 months after a single procedure was achieved in 53% in the AG group and 59% in the VG group (P = 0.51).

Conclusions

Isolation of the aPVs detected by a straightforward algorithm leads to similar success rates compared to a standard all‐PV approach with regard to PD, AE, or PE and is associated with less RF and a shorter FT.
Impact of Smoking Status on Cardiovascular Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Mohamedali Burhan , Shroff Adhir
Published: May 2013

Background

Many military veterans in the United States with coronary artery disease continue to smoke despite undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Previous studies have described improved cardiovascular outcomes in smokers, the so‐called “smokers' paradox.” In this study, we examined the effects of smoking on cardiovascular outcomes following PCI.

Hypothesis

Do patients who smoke have different post‐PCI outcomes than nonsmokers?

Methods

All patients who underwent PCI at a single US Veterans Administration hospital from 2004 to 2009 were followed. Outcomes of interest included myocardial infarction, unplanned coronary intervention, unplanned cardiac hospitalization, death, and a composite of events for 6 months after PCI. Changes in traditional risk factors were also assessed.

Results

Unadjusted analysis revealed that in almost all categories, smokers had lower incidence of adverse events than nonsmokers. However, after adjusting for the older age of the nonsmokers, no favorable statistical trend toward smokers was seen. Significant improvement in blood pressure and lipid levels were seen in both groups.

Conclusions

After adjusting for differences in age, there did not appear to be any protective effect of smoking on cardiovascular outcomes following PCI. Smokers achieved similar degrees of risk factor optimization during the follow‐up period as their nonsmoker counterparts. Aggressive efforts to decrease the prevalence of smoking must be maintained.
The Lab Oddity Prevails: Discovery of Pan‐CDK Inhibitor (R)‐S‐Cyclopropyl‐S‐(4‐{[4‐{[(1R,2R)‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐methylpropyl]oxy}‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin‐2‐yl]amino}phenyl)sulfoximide (BAY 1000394) for the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Lücking Ulrich , Jautelat Rolf , Krüger Martin , Brumby Thomas , Lienau Philip , Schäfer Martina , Briem Hans , Schulze Julia , Hillisch Alexander , Reichel Andreas , Wengner Antje Margret , Siemeister Gerhard
Published: May 2013

Lead optimization of a high‐throughput screening hit led to the rapid identification of aminopyrimidine ZK 304709, a multitargeted CDK and VEGF‐R inhibitor that displayed a promising preclinical profile. Nevertheless, ZK 304709 failed in phase I studies due to dose‐limited absorption and high inter‐patient variability, which was attributed to limited aqueous solubility and off‐target activity against carbonic anhydrases. Further lead optimization efforts to address the off‐target activity profile finally resulted in the introduction of a sulfoximine group, which is still a rather unusual approach in medicinal chemistry. However, the sulfoximine series of compounds quickly revealed very interesting properties, culminating in the identification of the nanomolar pan‐CDK inhibitor BAY 1000394, which is currently being investigated in phase I clinical trials.
Water and Protein Dynamics in Sedimented Systems: A Relaxometric Investigation
Authors: Luchinat Claudio , Parigi Giacomo , Ravera Enrico
Published: May 2013

Sedimented proteins have recently been shown to provide solid‐state NMR spectra of high quality, suitable for structural investigation. This is ascribed to the strong self‐crowding effect, which apparently increases the reorientation time up to the point that the protein can be considered immobile on the NMR timescale. Herein, a relaxometric investigation of sedimented bovine serum albumin is performed to obtain information on the dynamics of the system. The measurement of the proton longitudinal relaxation rates as a function of the applied magnetic field indicates that the sedimented protein has relaxation properties very different from those of the protein in concentrated water solutions, even in the presence of glycerol, and similar to those of slightly rehydrated lyophilized systems. This study confirms the hypothesis that the reorientation of the protein molecules is largely abolished in sediments.
9‐Fluorenone‐2‐Carboxylic Acid as a Scaffold for Tubulin Interacting Compounds
Authors: Calogero Francesco , Borrelli Stella , Speciale Gaetano , Christodoulou Michael S. , Cartelli Daniele , Ballinari Dario , Sola Francesco , Albanese Clara , Ciavolella Antonella , Passarella Daniele , Cappelletti Graziella , Pieraccini Stefano , Sironi Maurizio
Published: May 2013

The introduction of a hydrophobic group at position 7 of 9‐fluorenone‐2‐carboxylic acid generates new tubulin binders, the design of which is suggested by modeling studies. The synthesis is based on the use of 2,7‐dibromo‐fluorenone as starting material. The antiproliferative activity on two different cell lines, fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry, and sedimentation assay tests confirmed the supposed mechanism.
Synthesis, Structure, and Halo‐, Photo‐, and Thermochromism Properties of 5‐Azotriazolyl Salicylic Acid and Its CdII Complex
Authors: Lin Jiao‐Min , Yang Meng , Qiu Yan‐Xuan , Chen Wen‐Bin , Yan Hua , Gao Fei‐Xian , OuYang Zhen‐Jie , Dong Wen , Kuang Tong‐Chun
Published: May 2013

A hydrated 5‐azotriazolyl salicylic acid of [(H3ATSA)]⋅2 H2O (1) and its CdII complex of [Cd2(H2ATSA)4]⋅13 H2O (2) have been synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and a neutral trans‐Z‐enol form of H3ATSA and another anionic trans‐E‐enol H2ATSA− isomer have been found in 1 and 2, respectively. The yellow crystal of 2 can be transformed in situ into red crystals in NaOH solution. The diffuse reflectance and photoluminescent spectra for the crystal powder samples and the aqueous solutions of 1 and 2 have been investigated. The DFT and TDDFT calculations at B3LYP/6–31G* level for 1 and B3LYP/Lanl2dz level for 2 have been used to demonstrate the characteristic absorption spectra and the trans‐enol to cis‐keto photo‐ and thermoisomeric reaction for the ATSA3− anion. The onion cell imaging taken by confocal laser scanning microscope was observed with 1 and 2 as fluorescent labels.
Nafion‐Resin‐Modified Mesocellular Silica Foam Catalyst for 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Production from D‐Fructose
Authors: Huang Zhen , Pan Wenya , Zhou Haibo , Qin Feng , Xu Hualong , Shen Wei
Published: May 2013

Catalytic dehydration of D‐fructose to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was investigated over a series of Nafion‐modified mesocellular silica foam (MCF) materials. By using an impregnation method, Nafion resin was highly dispersed in the ultra‐large pores of the MCFs. Highly efficient and selective dehydration of D‐fructose to HMF was achieved in dimethyl sulfoxide solvent; an 89.3 % HMF yield with 95.0 % selectivity was obtained in the presence of the Nafion(15)/MCF catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, and solvent on the dehydration of D‐fructose were systematically investigated. The catalyst could be regenerated through an ion‐exchange method and a high yield was retained after being used five times. As a heterogeneous catalytic process, a possible reaction mechanism for the dehydration of D‐fructose over Nafion‐modified MCF catalysts was proposed.
Composite Poly(ethylene oxide) Electrolytes Plasticized by N‐Alkyl‐N‐butylpyrrolidinium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Wetjen Morten , Navarra Maria Assunta , Panero Stefania , Passerini Stefano , Scrosati Bruno , Hassoun Jusef
Published: May 2013

We report a new class of quaternary polymer electrolyte membranes that comprise poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonylimide (LiTFSI), N‐alkyl‐N‐butylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PyrA,4TFSI) as an ionic liquid, and a SiO2 filler. The results of differential scanning calorimetry indicate that the addition of SiO2 and different ionic liquids induces a decrease in the PEO melting enthalpy, which thereby increases the ionic conductivity and the Li transference number. The electrochemical stability is proved by using impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Galvanostatic cycling of Li/LiFePO4 cells, which comprise the quaternary polymer electrolytes, revealed their superior performance compared to conventional PEO‐Li salt electrolytes. In the course of this investigation, a synergistic effect of the combined ionic liquid‐ceramic filler modification could be proved at temperatures close to 50 °C.
High‐resolution prediction of leaf onset date in Japan in the 21st century under the IPCC A1B scenario
Authors: Hadano Mayumi , Nasahara Kenlo Nishida , Motohka Takeshi , Noda Hibiki Muraoka , Murakami Kazutaka , Hosaka Masahiro
Published: May 2013

Reports indicate that leaf onset (leaf flush) of deciduous trees in cool‐temperate ecosystems is occurring earlier in the spring in response to global warming. In this study, we created two types of phenology models, one driven only by warmth (spring warming [SW] model) and another driven by both warmth and winter chilling (parallel chill [PC] model), to predict such phenomena in the Japanese Islands at high spatial resolution (500 m). We calibrated these models using leaf onset dates derived from satellite data (Terra/MODIS) and in situ temperature data derived from a dense network of ground stations Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System. We ran the model using future climate predictions created by the Japanese Meteorological Agency's MRI‐AGCM3.1S model. In comparison to the first decade of the 2000s, our results predict that the date of leaf onset in the 2030s will advance by an average of 12 days under the SW model and 7 days under the PC model throughout the study area. The date of onset in the 2090s will advance by 26 days under the SW model and by 15 days under the PC model. The greatest impact will occur on Hokkaido (the northernmost island) and in the central mountains.
On the road to tolerance — Generation and migration of gut regulatory T cells
Authors: Pabst Oliver , Bernhardt Günter
Published: May 2013

The intestinal immune system potently supports the generation of induced Treg (iTreg) cells. Within intestinal lymphoid compartments iTreg cells receive homing cues, which direct these cells to the gut lamina propria where they expand and locally suppress immune responses. Yet iTreg cells are but one side of a coin, the other side of which comprises natural Treg (nTreg) cells generated in the thymus. nTreg cells, which act in concert with iTreg cells, also acquire a diversified pattern of homing receptors. Thus iTreg and nTreg cells can enter the gut, and draining lymph nodes to cooperatively ensure intestinal homeostasis.
Integration of a graphite/poly(methyl‐methacrylate) composite electrode into a poly(methylmethacrylate) substrate for electrochemical detection in microchips
Authors: Regel Anne , Lunte Susan
Published: May 2013

Traditional fabrication methods for polymer microchips, the bonding of two substrates together to form the microchip, can make the integration of carbon electrodes difficult. We have developed a simple and inexpensive method to integrate graphite/PMMA composite electrodes (GPCEs) into a PMMA substrate. These substrates can be bonded to other PMMA layers using a solvent‐assisted thermal bonding method. The optimal composition of the GPCEs for electrochemical detection was determined using cyclic voltammetry with dopamine as a test analyte. Using the optimized GPCEs in an all‐PMMA flow cell with flow injection analysis, it was possible to detect 50 nM dopamine under the best conditions. These electrodes were also evaluated for the detection of dopamine and catechol following separation by MCE.
Nanostructured CaCO3‐poly(ethyleneimine) microparticles for phenol sensing in fluidic microsystem
Authors: Mayorga‐Martinez Carmen C. , Hlavata Lenka , Miserere Sandrine , López‐Marzo Adaris , Labuda Jan , Pons Josefina , Merkoçi Arben
Published: May 2013

A new and simple strategy based on nanostructured CaCO3‐poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) microparticles (MPs) for phenol sensing using PDMS/glass fluidic microchip is developed. This fluidic microsystem including integrated screen‐printed electrodes modified with CaCO3‐PEI MPs and tyrosinase (Tyr) through cross‐linking with glutaraldehyde, represents a low‐cost platform for phenol detection. The designed fluidic microsystem improves the sensitivity of the biosensor allowing the detection of very low concentrations of phenol (up to 10 nM). This device shows high repeatability and low detection limit, is easy to be fabricated, inexpensive, disposable, and amenable to mass production.
A gold–gold oil microtrench electrode for liquid–liquid anion transfer voltammetry
Authors: Dale Sara E. C. , Chan Yohan , Bulman Page Philip C. , Barnes Edward O. , Compton Richard G. , Marken Frank
Published: May 2013

Two flat gold electrodes are placed vis‐à‐vis with an epoxy spacer layer that is etched out to give a ca. 100 μm‐deep electrochemically active trench. A water‐insoluble oil phase, here the redox system N,N‐diethyl‐N′N′‐didodecyl‐phenylenediamine (DDPD) in 4‐(3‐phenylpropyl)‐pyridine (PPP), is immobilized into the trench to allow anion transfer upon oxidation of DDPD (oil) to DDPD+ (oil). In “mono‐potentiostatic mode” quantitative transfer/expulsion of anions into the trench oil phase occurs. However, in “bi‐potentiostatic mode” feedback currents dominated by rapid plate‐to‐plate diffusion normal to the electrode surfaces are observed. Comparison of “normal” diffusion and “lateral” diffusion shows that the rate of diffusion–migration charge transport across the oil film is anion hydrophobicity dependent.
Encapsulated electrodes for microchip devices: Microarrays and platinized electrodes for signal enhancement
Authors: Selimovic Asmira , Martin R. Scott
Published: May 2013

In this paper, we present two new methodologies of improving the performance of microchip‐based electrochemical detection in microfluidic devices. The first part describes the fabrication and characterization of epoxy‐embedded gold microelectrode arrays that are evenly spaced and easily modified. Electrodepositions using a gold plating solution can be performed on the electrodes to result in a 3D pillar array that, when used with microchip‐based flow injection analysis, leads to an eightfold increase in signal (when compared to a single electrode), with the LOD for catechol being 4 nM. For detecting analytically challenging molecules such as nitric oxide (NO), platinization of electrodes is commonly used to increase the sensitivity. It is shown here that microchip devices containing either the pillar arrays or more traditional glassy carbon electrodes can be modified with platinum black (Pt‐black) for NO detection. In the case of using glassy carbon electrodes for NO detection, integration of the resulting platinized electrode with microchip‐based flow analysis resulted in a ten times signal increase relative to use of a bare glassy carbon electrode. In addition, it is demonstrated that these electrodes can be coated with Nafion to impart selectivity toward NO over interfering species such as nitrite. The LOD for NO when using the Pt‐black /Nafion‐coated glassy carbon electrode was 9 nM. These electrodes can also be embedded in a polystyrene substrate, with the applicability of these sensitive and selective electrodes being demonstrated by monitoring the adenosine triphosphate‐mediated release of NO from endothelial cells immobilized in a microfluidic network without any adhesion factor.
Functional genomics identifies five distinct molecular subtypes with clinical relevance and pathways for growth control in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Tan Tuan Zea , Miow Qing Hao , Huang Ruby Yun‐Ju , Wong Meng Kang , Ye Jieru , Lau Jieying Amelia , Wu Meng Chu , Bin Abdul Hadi Luqman Hakim , Soong Richie , Choolani Mahesh , Davidson Ben , Nesland Jahn M. , Wang Ling‐Zhi , Matsumura Noriomi , Mandai Masaki , Konishi Ikuo , Goh Boon‐Cher , Chang Jeffrey T. , Thiery Jean Paul , Mori Seiichi
Published: May 2013

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is hallmarked by a high degree of heterogeneity. To address this heterogeneity, a classification scheme was developed based on gene expression patterns of 1538 tumours. Five, biologically distinct subgroups — Epi‐A, Epi‐B, Mes, Stem‐A and Stem‐B — exhibited significantly distinct clinicopathological characteristics, deregulated pathways and patient prognoses, and were validated using independent datasets. To identify subtype‐specific molecular targets, ovarian cancer cell lines representing these molecular subtypes were screened against a genome‐wide shRNA library. Focusing on the poor‐prognosis Stem‐A subtype, we found that two genes involved in tubulin processing, TUBGCP4 and NAT10, were essential for cell growth, an observation supported by a pathway analysis that also predicted involvement of microtubule‐related processes. Furthermore, we observed that Stem‐A cell lines were indeed more sensitive to inhibitors of tubulin polymerization, vincristine and vinorelbine, than the other subtypes. This subtyping offers new insights into the development of novel diagnostic and personalized treatment for EOC patients.