bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Content Moderation Issues Online: Section 230 Is Not to Blame
Authors: Bastian Reese D.
Published: February 2022

Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act (“Section 230”) is the glue that holds the Internet—as we know it today—together. Section 230 says, “No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.” Simply put, Section 230 says that websites or platforms are not liable for content posted by third parties. There are many critics who attribute the maladies of the online world to Section 230. Section 230 presents issues such as over-moderation by Interactive Computer Service (“ICS”) providers that can go as far as to be considered censorship and under-moderation that leads to uncomely and even unsafe cyberspaces. Repealing or weakening Section 230 will not fix over-moderation—or even under-moderation—online but allowing and fostering competition in the tech sector will.
VARA Turns Thirty-One: How Amending the Visual Artists Rights Act of 1990 to Add Guiding Language Can Further Advance the Act’s Purpose
Authors: Moreno Ana-Victoria
Published: February 2022

Congress passed the Visual Artists Rights Act (“VARA”) in 1990, introducing the doctrine of moral rights into United States law. Moral rights consist of four rights: attribution, disclosure, withdrawal, and integrity. VARA recognizes the rights of attribution and integrity to preserve the integrity of artworks and of the country’s cultural heritage by encouraging artists to create. The passing of VARA has been met with criticism but also with excitement that Congress recognized the importance of artists’ non‌-economic rights. In the thirty‌-one years since the enactment of VARA, caselaw has developed that shows how courts and parties are interpreting its language. One main issue with VARA as written is that there is a lack of guidance in interpreting the standards, which has created some judicial confusion. If Congress were to amend VARA to provide more guiding language, it would give courts a clear and detailed framework when interpreting it. While some degree of flexibility must be maintained, additional guiding language would further promote VARA’s purpose and ensures fairness.
Code Harassment Needs a Texas-Sized Solution
Authors: Morrison David Seth
Published: February 2022

Municipal Code Enforcement exists to abate nuisances and resolve conflicts between neighbors. Code enforcement often discovers nuisances through citizen complaints. Cities and code enforcement departments have taken great lengths to protect complainants from retaliation, but these protections have extended too far and created a problem in reverse. Code harassment occurs when people make excessive or false reports to code enforcement departments to harass neighbors. Code enforcement officers do their jobs and investigate the complaints leading to visits and fines. Many people are shocked to find they can do nothing to stop the harassment save leaving their residence because the law offers no protection against such behavior. With a focus on Texas, this Comment looks at the three causes that enable code harassment, places them within the larger framework of code compliance reform that has occurred in the past twenty years, and offers a framework for creating solutions, including reforming the Texas Citizens Participation Act, establishing confidential code enforcement reporting, and creating a vexatious reporter law.
Decision making in inventory control by using artificial neural networks
Authors: Cevallos-Torres Lorenzo , Botto Tobar Miguel , Díaz Cadena Angela , León-Granizo Oscar
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this work is to increase the sales of a store devoted to the purchase and sale of soft drinks, even though the store's inventory is overstocked. This occurs as a result of the business's lack of an effective management system that controls product ordering. Additionally, there is no analysis of future sales owing to the variations that may occur because of unforeseen occurrences. The main criterion was that the proprietors of the business submit monthly records from 2017 to July 2019. To accomplish this objective completely, we used the Monte Carlo simulation method to obtain data from August to December 2019; and neural networks to obtain data for all monthly periods in the years 2020, 2021, and 2022, which enabled us to generate records of demand and stock for each of the products. Finally, it was shown that the application of neural networks enables the solution of vehicle control issues, resulting in a maximization of more than 22% of sales, thus achieving the goal and giving an optimum solution to the company.
Plant Disease Detection using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF CSE, LENDI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY., Rama Rao A , V Anji Reddy ,   DEPARTMENT OF CSE, LENDI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY., Narasimha Raju G. V ,   DEPARTMENT OF CSE, LENDI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY.
Published: February 2022

One of the most exiting research areas in agriculture is the identification of plant diseases from images. Today, the term 'machine learning' is a hot topic. It is possible to apply the principles of machine learning to a wide range of fields. plant disease detection can also benefit from machine learning and deep learning. For the detection and classification of plant diseases, this paper uses several types of plant leaves as a model.
IRAM 30 m CO-line Observation toward the PeVatron Candidate G106.3+2.7: Direct Interaction between the Shock and the Molecular Cloud Remains Uncertain
Authors: Liu Qian-Cheng , Zhou Ping , Chen Yang
Published: February 2022

The supernova remnant (SNR) G106.3+2.7 was recently found to be one of the few potential Galactic hadronic PeVatrons. Aiming to test the solidity of the SNR’s association with the molecular clouds (MCs) that are thought to be responsible for hadronic interaction, we performed a new CO observation with the IRAM 30 m telescope toward its “belly” region, which is coincident with the centroid of the γ-ray emission. There is a filament structure in the local standard of rest velocity interval −8 to −5 km s−1 that nicely follows the northern radio boundary of the SNR. We have seen asymmetric broad profiles of 12CO lines, with widths of a few km s−1, along the northern boundary and in the “belly” region of G106.3+2.7, but similar 12CO-line profiles are also found outside the SNR boundary. Further, the low 12CO J = 2–1/J = 1–0 line ratios suggest the MCs are cool. Therefore, it is still uncertain whether the MCs are directly disturbed by the SNR shocks, but we do find some clues that the MCs are nearby and thus can still be illuminated by the protons that escaped from the SNR. Notably, we find an expanding molecular structure with a velocity of ∼3.5 km s−1 and a velocity gradient of the MCs across the SNR from ∼−3 to −7 km s−1, which could be explained as the effect of the wind blown by the SNR’s progenitor star.
The Intrinsic Structure of Sagittarius A* at 1.3 cm and 7 mm
Authors: Cho Ilje , Zhao Guang-Yao , Kawashima Tomohisa , Kino Motoki , Akiyama Kazunori , Johnson Michael D. , Issaoun Sara , Moriyama Kotaro , Cheng Xiaopeng , Algaba Juan-Carlos , Jung Taehyun , Sohn Bong Won , Krichbaum Thomas P. , Wielgus Maciek , Hada Kazuhiro , Lu Ru-Sen , Cui Yuzhu , Sawada-Satoh Satoko , Shen Zhiqiang , Park Jongho , Jiang Wu , Ro Hyunwook , Yi Kunwoo , Wajima Kiyoaki , Lee Jee Won , Hodgson Jeffrey , Tazaki Fumie , Honma Mareki , Niinuma Kotaro , Trippe Sascha , An Tao , Zhang Yingkang , Lee Jeong Ae , Oh Se-Jin , Byun Do-Young , Lee Sang-Sung , Kim Jae-Young , Oh Junghwan , Koyama Shoko , Asada Keiichi , Wang Xuezheng , Cui Lang , Hagiwara Yoshiaki , Nakamura Masanori , Takamura Mieko , Hirota Tomoya , Sugiyama Koichiro , Kawaguchi Noriyuki , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Oyama Tomoaki , Yonekura Yoshinori , Kim Jongsoo , Hwang Ju-Yeon , Jung Dong-Kyu , Kim Hyo-Ryoung , Kim Jeong-Sook , Oh Chung-Sik , Roh Duk-Gyoo , Yeom Jae-Hwan , Xia Bo , Zhong Weiye , Li Bin , Zhao Rongbing , Wang Jinqing , Liu Qinghui , Chen Zhong
Published: February 2022

Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the Galactic Center supermassive black hole (SMBH), is one of the best targets in which to resolve the innermost region of an SMBH with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). In this study, we have carried out observations toward Sgr A* at 1.349 cm (22.223 GHz) and 6.950 mm (43.135 GHz) with the East Asian VLBI Network, as a part of the multiwavelength campaign of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) in 2017 April. To mitigate scattering effects, the physically motivated scattering kernel model from Psaltis et al. (2018) and the scattering parameters from Johnson et al. (2018) have been applied. As a result, a single, symmetric Gaussian model well describes the intrinsic structure of Sgr A* at both wavelengths. From closure amplitudes, the major-axis sizes are ∼704 ± 102 μas (axial ratio ∼

1.19

−
0.19

+
0.24

) and ∼300 ± 25 μas (axial ratio ∼1.28 ± 0.2) at 1.349 cm and 6.95 mm, respectively. Together with a quasi-simultaneous observation at 3.5 mm (86 GHz) by Issaoun et al. (2019), we show that the intrinsic size scales with observing wavelength as a power law, with an index ∼1.2 ± 0.2. Our results also provide estimates of the size and compact flux density at 1.3 mm, which can be incorporated into the analysis of the EHT observations. In terms of the origin of radio emission, we have compared the intrinsic structures with the accretion flow scenario, especially the radiatively inefficient accretion flow based on the Keplerian shell model. With this, we show that a nonthermal electron population is necessary to reproduce the source sizes.
The LEGA-C of Nature and Nurture in Stellar Populations at z ∼ 0.6–1.0: D
n
4000 and Hδ Reveal Different Assembly Histories for Quiescent Galaxies in Different Environments
Authors: Sobral David , van der Wel Arjen , Bezanson Rachel , Bell Eric , Muzzin Adam , D’Eugenio Francesco , Darvish Behnam , Gallazzi Anna , Wu Po-Feng , Maseda Michael , Matthee Jorryt , Paulino-Afonso Ana , Straatman Caroline , van Dokkum Pieter G.
Published: February 2022

Galaxy evolution is driven by a variety of physical processes that are predicted to proceed at different rates for different dark matter haloes and environments across cosmic times. A record of this evolution is preserved in galaxy stellar populations, which we can access using absorption-line spectroscopy. Here we explore the large LEGA-C survey (DR3) to investigate the role of the environment and stellar mass on stellar populations at z ∼ 0.6–1 in the COSMOS field. Leveraging the statistical power and depth of LEGA-C, we reveal significant gradients in D
n
4000 and Hδ equivalent widths (EWs) distributions over the stellar mass versus environment 2D spaces for the massive galaxy population (M > 1010
M
⊙) at z ∼ 0.6–1.0. D
n
4000 and Hδ EWs primarily depend on stellar mass, but they also depend on environment at fixed stellar mass. By splitting the sample into centrals and satellites, and in terms of star-forming galaxies and quiescent galaxies, we reveal that the significant environmental trends of D
n
4000 and Hδ EW, when controlling for stellar mass, are driven by quiescent galaxies. Regardless of being centrals or satellites, star-forming galaxies reveal D
n
4000 and Hδ EWs, which depend strongly on their stellar mass and are completely independent of the environment at 0.6 < z < 1.0. The environmental trends seen for satellite galaxies are fully driven by the trends that hold only for quiescent galaxies, combined with the strong environmental dependency of the quiescent fraction at fixed stellar mass. Our results are consistent with recent predictions from simulations that point toward massive galaxies forming first in overdensities or the most compact dark matter haloes.
Radio and X-Ray Observations of the Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transient AT 2020xnd
Authors: Bright Joe S. , Margutti Raffaella , Matthews David , Brethauer Daniel , Coppejans Deanne , Wieringa Mark H. , Metzger Brian D. , DeMarchi Lindsay , Laskar Tanmoy , Romero Charles , Alexander Kate D. , Horesh Assaf , Migliori Giulia , Chornock Ryan , Berger E. , Bietenholz Michael , Devlin Mark J. , Dicker Simon R. , Jacobson-Galán W. V. , Mason Brian S. , Milisavljevic Dan , Motta Sara E. , Mroczkowski Tony , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico , Rhodes Lauren , Sarazin Craig L. , Sfaradi Itai , Sievers Jonathan
Published: February 2022

We present deep X-ray and radio observations of the fast blue optical transient (FBOT) AT 2020xnd/ZTF 20acigmel at z = 0.2433 from 13 days to 269 days after explosion. AT 2020xnd belongs to the category of optically luminous FBOTs with similarities to the archetypal event AT 2018cow. AT 2020xnd shows luminous radio emission reaching L

ν
≈ 8 × 1029 erg s−1 Hz−1 at 20 GHz and 75 days post-explosion, accompanied by luminous and rapidly fading soft X-ray emission peaking at L
X ≈ 6 × 1042 erg s−1. Interpreting the radio emission in the context of synchrotron radiation from the explosion’s shock interaction with the environment, we find that AT 2020xnd launched a high-velocity outflow (v ∼ 0.1c–0.2c) propagating into a dense circumstellar medium (effective

M
̇

≈

10

−
3

M

⊙

yr−1 for an assumed wind velocity of v
w = 1000 km s−1). Similar to AT 2018cow, the detected X-ray emission is in excess compared to the extrapolated synchrotron spectrum and constitutes a different emission component, possibly powered by accretion onto a newly formed black hole or neutron star. These properties make AT 2020xnd a high-redshift analog to AT 2018cow, and establish AT 2020xnd as the fourth member of the class of optically luminous FBOTs with luminous multiwavelength counterparts.
The Global Dynamical Atlas of the Milky Way Mergers: Constraints from Gaia EDR3–based Orbits of Globular Clusters, Stellar Streams, and Satellite Galaxies
Authors: Malhan Khyati , Ibata Rodrigo A. , Sharma Sanjib , Famaey Benoit , Bellazzini Michele , Carlberg Raymond G. , D’Souza Richard , Yuan Zhen , Martin Nicolas F. , Thomas Guillaume F.
Published: February 2022

The Milky Way halo was predominantly formed by the merging of numerous progenitor galaxies. However, our knowledge of this process is still incomplete, especially in regard to the total number of mergers, their global dynamical properties and their contribution to the stellar population of the Galactic halo. Here, we uncover the Milky Way mergers by detecting groupings of globular clusters, stellar streams, and satellite galaxies in action (
J
) space. While actions fully characterize the orbits, we additionally use the redundant information on their energy (E) to enhance the contrast between the groupings. For this endeavor, we use Gaia EDR3‒based measurements of 170 globular clusters, 41 streams, and 46 satellites to derive their
J
and E. To detect groups, we use the ENLINK software, coupled with a statistical procedure that accounts for the observed phase-space uncertainties of these objects. We detect a total of N = 6 groups, including the previously known mergers Sagittarius, Cetus, Gaia‒Sausage/Enceladus, LMS-1/Wukong, Arjuna/Sequoia/I’itoi, and one new merger that we call Pontus. All of these mergers, together, comprise 62 objects (≈25% of our sample). We discuss their members, orbital properties, and metallicity distributions. We find that the three most-metal-poor streams of our galaxy—“C-19” ([Fe/H] = −3.4 dex), “Sylgr” ([Fe/H] = −2.9 dex), and “Phoenix” ([Fe/H] = −2.7 dex)—are associated with LMS-1/Wukong, showing it to be the most-metal-poor merger. The global dynamical atlas of Milky Way mergers that we present here provides a present-day reference for galaxy formation models.
Impact of Bullying and Facts on Victims in Elementary Schools
Authors: Ghofur Abdul , Purwanti Nunuk Sri , Donsu Jenita Doli Tile
Published: February 2022

Background: Bullying is a serious problem for the mental health development of school-age children. Few studies in Indonesia have reported how the impact of bullying causes children to experience stress and difficulty in building social relationships.
Aim: This study aimed to determine the impact and phenomenon of becoming victims of bullying in elementary schools in Indonesia. 
Methods: This research used a mixed-method approach with a sequential explanatory design. The sampling technique used multistage random sampling. The sample population included 617 elementary school students who are in grades 4, 5, and 6. The quantitative data analysis used structural equation modeling (SEM) while the qualitative data analysis was based on the results of SEM analysis.
Results: The impact of bullying on victims is stressful and symptomatic. The victims revealed they became depressed, had poor performance, had difficulty in socializing, did not dare to report fear of being ostracized, feared they would become the next victim, and was advised by the teacher not to reply, be patient, and just let it go. As a result, the victims complained they felt ugly, ashamed among friends, and reluctant to attend the class. Teachers consider bullying as ordinary delinquency because the victim can recover without help, think it is normal, or it was just a joke so there is no need for special rules.
Conclusion: Bullying of elementary school students has a negative impact on their mental health and causes psychosocial problems. There is a tendency to become repeated victims, while the ambivalence of teachers makes victims more vulnerable to bullying.
Predictors of New-onset Diabetes After Kidney Transplantation During 2019-nCoV Pandemic: A Unison of Frequentist Inference and Narrow AI
Authors: Al-Imam Ahmed , Abdulrahman Al-Tabbakh Ali
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: New-onset diabetes after kidney transplant (NODAT) is a severe metabolic complication that frequently occurs in recipients following transplantation.
AIM: The study aims to verify NODAT, compare cases and non-cases of this entity, and explore potential predictors in recipients within 1 year following kidney transplantation.
METHODS: The research is a retrospective study of 90 renal transplant recipients (n = 90). Demographic factors and clinical aspects were analyzed using non-Bayesian statistics and machine learning (ML). The clinical aspects included the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, associated viral infections (hepatitis B virus [HBV], hepatitis C virus [HCV], and cytomegalovirus [CMV]), prior kidney transplant, hemodialysis status, body mass index (BMI) at transplant time, and 3 months later, primary causes of renal failure, and post-transplant therapeutics. All individuals were on cyclosporine and prednisolone treatment.
RESULTS: The mean age was 39 (±1.5) years; recipients included 27 females (30%) and 63 males (70%). Donor type was live related (16, 17.8%) or live unrelated (74, 82.2%); 27 recipients (30%) had O+ blood group, while 70% belonged to other groups. Thirteen recipients (14.4%) were not on dialysis. Only 32 individuals (35.6%) developed NODAT. Concerning virology, confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction before transplantation, 19 recipients (21.1%) were CMV positive, 9 (10%) were HCV positive, and 2 (2.2%) had HBV.
CONCLUSIONS: In reconciliation with frequentist statistics, the dual ML model validated several predictors that either negatively (protective) or positively (harmful) influenced HbA1c level, the majority of which were significant at 95% confidence interval. Individuals who are HCV and CMV positive are predicted to develop NODAT. Further, older individuals, with blood group O+ve, prior history of hemodialysis, a relatively high BMI before the transplant, and receiving higher doses of prednisolone following the transplant are more likely to develop NODAT. The current study represents the first research from Iraq to explore NODAT predictors among kidney transplant recipients using frequentist statistics and artificial intelligence models.
The Impact of Unwanted Pregnancy in Adolescents toward Pregnancy Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ermiati Ermiati , Widiasih Restuning , Mediani Henny Suzana
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: The unwanted pregnancy in adolescents causes the rejection of pregnancy and fetus itself.

AIM: The purpose of this literature review is to determine the impact of unwanted pregnancy on pregnancy care in adolescents.

METHODS: The method used a systematic review. The data search using an advanced search techniques on databases and search engines such as CINAHL, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The literature search is based on qualitative study design criteria, national and international articles, published in the past 10 years (2011–2021), and written in Indonesian and English.

RESULTS: From the six articles reviewed, it was found that there were 10 impacts of adverse events on pregnancy care in adolescents, namely, not doing ANC, trying to abort the pregnancy, not eating healthy foods with balanced nutrition, not doing physical activity and sports, not taking Fe tablets, getting lack of sleep and rest, ignoring the personal hygiene, being introvert, not doing fetal stimulation, and depression.

CONCLUSION: Adolescents, who experience unwanted pregnancy, tend not to do ANC, behave in harming to themselves and their fetus; therefore, the further research can be done regarding the development of a model of care in families with adolescents experiencing unwanted pregnancy.
COVID-19 Preventive Behavior Practices and Determinants: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lusmilasari Lely , Putra Alenda Dwiadila Matra , Sandhi Ayyu , Saifullah Azam David
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Coronary Heart Diseases (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Proper management for CHD patients is needed to reduce mortality. Nurses have a very important role in making CHD patients can carry out optimal health behaviors.
AIM: This review study aims to identify the effect of the nurse-led program on CHD patients.
METHODS: This systematic review was based on four electronic databases (Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, SAGE Journals) and published between 2011 and 2020. This review used the Joanna Briggs Institute and Prisma guidelines. The study’s eligibility was assessed from the title, abstract, research methodology, and full text. The review results were presented in tabulated data and narrative form.
RESULTS: Nine articles showed that the nurse-led program significantly improved health behavior, health-related quality of life, clinical outcome, and illness perception in CHD patients.
CONCLUSIONS: It is expected that the improvement of management in CHD patients will improve patients’ quality of life. Hence, it could reduce the number of morbidities and mortality.
Lemon Pepper Extract Improves Diabetic Nephropathy in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Chiuman Linda , Ginting Chrismis Novalinda , Yulizal OK
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Prolonged uncontrol non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) leads to various complications. One of these complications is diabetic nephropathy. Around 24% of the US population suffered from diabetes between 2009 and 2014, and 25% suffered from chronic kidney disease. Lemon pepper fruit may become an alternative treatment from a natural product to prevent kidney damage in diabetic conditions.

AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the kidney protection effect of lemon pepper extract in streptozotocin-induced Wistar rats with diabetic nephropathy.

METHODS: This experimental study used 25 male Wistar rats grouped into five different groups. These groups were standard, control, lemon pepper ethanol extract (LPEE)-I, II, and III that were received Metformin, 0.5% Na-CMC, and lemon pepper ethanol extract at the dose of 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg BW, respectively.

RESULTS: The intervention was performed for 14 days. The result showed that the standard, control, lemon pepper ethanol extract (LPEE)-I, II, and III significantly decreased the BUN (Blood urea nitrogen) and reatinine level (p < 0.05). Moreover, the histology study also showed some improvement of like preserved tubular and glomerular from necrosis.

CONCLUSION: The highest lemon pepper ethanol extract dose significantly decreased the BUN (23.08%) and creatinine (59.49%) levels.
Large-scale Social Restrictions and Public Community Activity Restriction Legal Policy to Decrease COVID-19 Infections Effectivity to Handling COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Budiono Arief , Ngestiningrum Ayesha Hendriana , Nurani Siti , Rizka Rizka , Nurhayati Nunik , Sari Siska Diana , Muhammadi Fauzan , Jayanuarto Rangga
Published: February 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a global impact. It also affected Indonesia. There had been tens of thousands of positive cases and thousands of deaths. Many paramedics also died to heal people from this disease. The Indonesian government determined this condition as a Social Emergency Condition and issued the Governmental Decree No. 21 of 2020 on Large-Scale Social Restrictions (LSSR) in 2020 (and Community Activity Restriction Enforcement [CARE] in 2021 with the Instruction of the Minister of Internal Affairs on Emergency CARE in Java and Bali islands). The Instruction of the Minister of Internal Affairs No. 15 of 2021 regulated the Application of the Emergency CARE due to the COVID-2019. In its implementation, the LSSR are ineffective in preventing the spread of the COVID-19 as there are some anomalies in the field, as this law is not strictly enforced. The spread of the COVID-19 becomes uncontrollable as there are no strict sanctions against violators of the LSSR. Meanwhile, the law-enforcing apparatus tend to ignore violations. This condition is different from the application of the CARE as it was more effective in decreasing the number of Covid-19 cases. This is because its implementation is equipped with supervision and strict sanctions. The strictness and the seriousness in applying the CARE yielded positive results, namely, the significant decrease of COVID-19 sufferers.
Association between Knowledge and Self-care Adherence among Elderly Hypertensive Patient in Dwelling Community
Authors: Gusty Reni , Effendi Nursyirwan , Abdullah Khatijah Lim , Syafrita Yuliarni
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Hypertension contributes significantly to the increase in cardiovascular disease cases, especially in the elderly. Knowledge and self-care compliance are needed, but in reality, awareness and regularity of control are still lacking in hypertensive patients in urban communities.

AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship of knowledge with self-care and get an overview of existing knowledge and self-care in the elderly with hypertension.

METHODS: This is a quantitative and cross-sectional design recruited 383 hypertensive patients in three community health centers. Sampling with proportional random sampling from three health centers that have the highest cases of hypertension in the city of Padang. Knowledge instrument using hypertension knowledge-level scale. Moreover, hypertension self-care adherence using hypertension self-care activity level effects. Analysis using Chi-square test

RESULTS: The sample of this study was 383 respondents. About 66.3% are women, 88.3% have low education, and 86.9% do not work. 51.2% had duration of hypertension 0–5 years and the average age was 60.89 ± 8.072 years. About 94.8% of respondents have poor knowledge. Self-care practice showed 64% non-adherence to medication, 88.5% non-adherence to the DASH diet, and 82.5% non-adherence to weight management. However, 78.6% indicated non-smoking adherence and 100% alcohol avoidance adherence. There was a relationship between knowledge and adherence to weight management (p=0.000; odds ratio [OR] 6.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] for Exp B; 2.65–16.91)) and physical activity (p=0.000; OR 14.99 (95% CI for Exp B; 5.65–39.79)).

CONCLUSION: Providing comprehensive and repeated health education for the elderly with hypertension can increase their knowledge. The involvement of patients and families is needed to improve self-care behavior.
The Moderating Effect of Demographics on Patient Adherence and Beliefs
Authors: Saha Saibal Kumar , Adhikary Anindita , Jha Ajeya , Mehta Vijay K.
Published: February 2022

Medication adherence is a complex behavior, and interventions are often used for increasing the adherence of patients. Demographic characteristics are essential for any research. This study tries to find the mediating effect of selected demographic factors on patient adherence and beliefs. The study is empirical and tries to highlight the difference in adherence and beliefs of the patient in the state of Sikkim in India based on gender, place of dwelling, education level, and income of the patients. It was found that medication adherence and beliefs of patients significantly differ based on their demographic characteristics. The importance given to the physician instruction varies mainly based on the gender and dwelling location of the patients. Patients who fall into the category of retired servicemen/women are more adherent than others. Income also plays an essential role in adherence. Gender differences occur for exercising behavior of patients, and education level affects the beliefs of patients towards themselves and for their responsibilities.
The Use of Machine Learning Algorithms in the Classification of Sound
Authors: Ekpezu Akon O. , Katsriku Ferdinand , Yaokumah Winfred , Wiafe Isaac
Published: February 2022

This study is a systematic review of literature on the classification of sounds in three domains - Bioacoustics, Biomedical acoustics, and Ecoacoustics. Specifically, 68 conferences and journal articles published between 2010 and 2019 were reviewed. The findings indicated that Support Vector Machines, Convolutional Neural Networks, Artificial Neural Networks, and statistical models were predominantly used in sound classification across the three domains. Also, the majority of studies that investigated medical acoustics focused on respiratory sounds analysis. Thus, it is suggested that studies in Biomedical acoustics should pay attention to the classification of other internal body organs to enhance diagnosis of a variety of medical conditions. With regard to Ecoacoustics, studies on extreme events such as tornadoes and earthquakes for early detection and warning systems were lacking. The review also revealed that marine and animal sound classification was dominant in Bioacoustics studies.
Morphometry, productivity and bromatological analisis of purple elephant grass according to nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Ramos João Paulo Farias , Souza José Thyago Aires , Costa Rubens Fernandes , Ferreira Raimundo Ribeiro , Cavalcante Iara Tamires Rodrigues , Leite Ricardo Miranda , Santos Selma Soares , Cavalcante Valdemir Ribeiro
Published: February 2022

The objective was to evaluate the morphometric, productive and chemical aspects of purple elephant grass as a function of nitrogen fertilization. The treatments consisted of applying 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg ha-1 of N, using a randomized block design, with five treatments and four replications. The following were evaluated: plant height, number, length and leaf mass, stem diameter and mass, leaf/stem ratio, production of green and dry mass, support capacity for dairy cows, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and mineral matter. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% probability. The increase in N doses did not affect (p < 0.05) the morphometry of the purple elephant grass, however it positively stimulated the productivity, the animal support capacity and the bromatological components of the harvested material. The lack of response to nitrogen fertilization may be related to the edaphocilimatic conditions during the experiment and efficiency in the use of N of the variety used. The results demonstrate the high demand of the cultivar for N, actively interfering in the forage yield.
Pharmacovigilance of antiretroviral dolutegravir in the state of Paraná
Authors: Sá Bárbara Thaís Poliselo de , Dias Frederico Alves , Correia Flavia Helen , Höfelmann Doroteia Aparecida , Rattmann Yanna Dantas
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate adverse reactions to Dolutegravir, a drug recently made available by the Unified Health System (SUS) for treating HIV infections. The frequency, severity and sex distribution of adverse reactions to Dolutegravir were identified over the first 18 months of its availability in users in the state of Paraná. Information was obtained through the pharmacovigilance questionnaire prepared by the Ministry of Health, accessed through the Logistics Control System for Medicines (SICLOM). During the study period, dolutegravir was dispensed to 9,865 patients in the state. However, 9,207 users (93.3%) answered the pharmacovigilance questionnaire. Among them, 1.75% reported 279 adverse reactions. This population was composed mainly of male people (69.57%), in the ratio of 2.29 men for each woman, white (67.08%), aged between 20 and 29 years (26.71%), single (45.34%) and with education between 8 and 11 years of study (41.61%). Gastrointestinal (36.92%) and nervous system (14.34%) disorders were the most prevalent. 77.78% adverse reactions were considered non-serious by users. It can be concluded that dolutegravir had a low prevalence of adverse reactions in users in the state of Paraná, demonstrating to be safe for use by the population in therapy against HIV, in accordance with clinical trials
Production and market comparison of urokinase and streptokinase as effective and cheap fibrinolytic agents for treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Nawaz Ali , Haq Ikram ul , Amin Haseeb , Shah Zinnia , Javed Ammar , Mukhtar Hamid , Akram Fatima
Published: February 2022

Failure of hemostasis and the formation of blood clots in the arteries are the main reasons that provoke the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Cardiovascular diseases have become the primary cause of deaths and disabilities across the globe. Therefore, this problem needs to be addressed with urgency. The disintegration of blood clots requires fibrinolytic agents, which are involved in thrombolysis. Streptokinase and urokinase are fibrinolytic enzymes; the former is primarily produced from microbial sources and the latter is isolated from urine, respectively. Streptokinase and urokinase have been in use for a long time to treat cardiovascular diseases. This review explains in detail the comparison of employing streptokinase and urokinase for the said purpose in a cost-effective manner. The recombinant production of both the agents has been  discussed in detail. Furthermore, the efficacy of both the agents has been compared based upon their side effects and retention time in the body. A thorough study has been made to compare the influence of using both the agents on the health of cardiovascular patients in the last decade.
Maltodextrin- modified starch microparticles containing benzoic acid: Physical properties and thermal stability
Authors: Marques Gerson Reginaldo , Fernandes Regiane Victória de Barros , Figueiredo Jayne de Abreu , Lago Amanda Maria Teixeira , Botrel Diego Alvarenga , Bertolucci Suzan Kelly Vilela , Yoshida Maria Irene , Borges Soraia Vilela
Published: February 2022

The microencapsulation of benzoic acid by spray drying can provide amorphous characteristics, which is necessary for its application in foods. In addition, it facilitates the use of this component in a food matrix and prolongs the shelf life of the product. Thus, wall materials with high encapsulation efficiency should be used, such as modified starch and maltodextrin and their combinations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of modified starch (MS) and/or maltodextrin (M) used as encapsulating agents on the chemical and physical properties, morphological parameters, and thermal stability of spray-dried benzoic acid. Three treatments were evaluated: modified starch (MS), maltodextrin (M), and a blend containing modified starch and maltodextrin (MS/M). In general, the variables studied have a significant effect on the responses. The highest efficiency was observed for the treatment MS/M (82.65%); although it presented a lower drying process yield (50%). It was observed that the use of maltodextrin contributed to improving the wettability and solubility of the microparticles since this component is highly water-soluble. The largest microparticle diameter was 19.15 μm (MS/M), and the Span ranged from 1.94 to 2.15 for all treatments, indicating good homogeneity in relation to the particle size distribution. Concerning the particle morphology, the treatment MS/M exhibited partially rough microparticles, while the treatments MS and M led to a higher amount of brittle microparticles. The GAB model was chosen as the best model to explain the isotherm behavior. In addition, the adsorption isotherms of the samples using blend showed a Type-III behavior (non-sigmoidal), common for many foods rich in soluble components. The treatment MS/M has proven to be the most suitable for the encapsulation of benzoic acid being a good and viable option for the food industry
Turmeric oleoresin encapsulated by spray drying in maltodextrin/gelatin and starch/gelatin blends: storage stability and water sorption
Authors: Malacrida Cassia Roberta , Ferreira Sungil , Nicoletti Vânia Regina
Published: February 2022

Turmeric oleoresin is a widely used a flavoring agent and a food color with relevant nutraceutical properties. It is obtained by organic solvent extraction of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Microencapsulation is a good alternative to transform liquid food flavorings free-flowing powders and to improve stability of protection of compounds of interest. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess microencapsulation by spray drying of turmeric oleoresin using blends of maltodextrin-gelatin and starch-gelatin, evaluating its sorption isotherms and the storage stability at different temperatures. Turmeric oleoresin encapsulated was stored at - 20, 25 and 60°C, in the absence of light, and at 25ºC in the presence of light, and analyzed over a period of 35 days for curcumin and total phenolic contents and color. The encapsulation efficiency was 72.3% for capsules with starch-gelatin blends and 52.1% with maltodextrin-gelatin blends. Besides the greater encapsulation efficiency, starch-gelatin blends also showed greater stability during storage and retention of curcumin and phenolic compounds. Encapsulated materials were more stable during storage at - 20ºC and less stable at 25°C in the presence of light. Water adsorption of turmeric oleoresin microcapsules were well described by GAB model and the microcapsules produced with starch-gelatin blends showed high hygroscopic behavior.
Evaluation of new Egyptian flaxseed genotypes and pasta fortified with flaxseeds
Authors: Elsorady Muhammad , El-Borhamy Amal Mohamed Awed , Barakat Ekram Hefnawy Ahmed
Published: February 2022

The present investigation was conducted to study yield, yield components and chemical composition of some flax genotypes (Sakha 3, 5 and 6, Giza 11, 12 and Strain 651). New flax strain 651 (S.651) recorded the highest value in technical length, while flax Giza 12 and 11 achieved the highest straw yields per plant and per hectare. Flax Giza 11 variety had the highest value of seed yield per hectare. With respect to chemical composition of flaxseed genotypes, flaxseed Sakha 5 variety had the lowest moisture content followed by Sakha 3, Sakha 6, Giza 12 and Giza 11. On the other hand, flaxseed S.651 genotype had the highest moisture and fiber contents. Flaxseed Sakha 5 had the highest oil content whereas; flaxseed Sakha 3 had the lowest oil content. Flaxseed Sakha 3 had the highest protein content followed by flaxseed S.651 and flaxseed Giza 12. Extracted oils from all genotypes had low values of physicochemical parameters. Main fatty acids of extracted flaxseed oil were linolenic, oleic, linoleic, stearic and palmitic fatty acids. Pasta was fortified with flaxseed at levels 5, 10 and 15% w w-1 to enhance the nutritional quality. Pasta samples were assessed for proximate analyses, minerals, cooking quality and sensory evaluation. Chemical composition of pasta fortified with flaxseed meal was reflective of the innate composition of flaxseed meal. There was no significant variance between control and flaxseed 5% in optimum cooking time. Sensory evaluation of pasta (control and flaxseed 5%) revealed no significant difference in terms of taste, color and overall acceptability
New procedure to pre-select lactic acid bacteria able to control table-olive fermentation
Authors: Caridi Andrea , Panebianco Felice , De Bruno Alessandra , Piscopo Amalia , Martorana Alessandra , Sidari Rossana
Published: February 2022

Using 35 artisanal Calabrian table-olive brines, 153 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated. A screening procedure was designed, involving the following steps: 1) Gram stain, cellular morphology, homolactic fermentation, acidifying activity in MRS broth; 2) growth in olive paste with NaCl 11%; 3) increase of the antioxidant activity; 4) identification of the best strains. The proposed procedure allows an evaluation of the technological aptitude of lactic acid bacteria to ferment table olives excluding, cheaply and easily, all those strains definitely unable to act as starter. The use of olive paste as a screening medium allows the resistance of the new isolates against olive phenolic compounds to be tested. The selection of strains able to increase the antioxidant power of olive paste can improve the shelf-life of table olives.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Tunable Sizes by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Papagiannis Ioannis , Innocente Mauro S. , Gkanas Evangelos I.
Published: February 2022

The present study investigates the effect of different reaction times on the crystallinity, surface morphology and size of iron oxide nanoparticles. In this synthetic system, aqueous iron (III) nitrate (Fe (NO3)3·9H2O) nonahydrate, provided the iron source and triethylamine was the precipitant and alkaline agent. The as-synthesised iron oxide nanoparticles were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Prolonged reaction times indicated the change on nanoparticle shape from elongated nanorods to finally distorted nanocubes. Analysis on the crystallinity of the iron oxide nanoparticles suggest that the samples mainly consist of two phases, which are Goethite (α-FeOOH) and Hematite (α-Fe2O3) respectively.
The Study on Blast Furnace Slag on Different Conditions as Curing Condition and Blaine Value Ratio Influence Improving Strength Performance
Authors: Subpa-Asa Prang , Nito Nobukatu , Fujiwara Satoshi , Date Shigeyuki
Published: February 2022

The sustainable building aims to minimize environmental impact by reducing carbon dioxide pollution by using by-products. Concrete materials are well-known for being the most extensively used construction material. Carbon dioxide emissions are the permissible greenhouse gas emissions that would have an impact on the long sustainability. Blast furnace slag reduces carbon dioxide emissions as an environmentally responsible building material, and sustainable steelmaking aims to minimize waste. Steel corrosion and chloride damage are several of the most apparent problems for concrete structure durability. Incorporating BFS into the cement is beneficial for concrete durability as the Structures' serviceability increased. This study aimed to explore the material properties and compressive strength of BFS mortar while considering the replacement ratio, Blaine fineness of the BFS, and curing conditions. This study mainly discovered that substituting BES for cement in the mortar increased the compressive strength and durability factor, indicating that the material's properties depend on the BFS, based on the experimental results, which cover the materials properties and salt preventive property. The low water-to-binder ratio (W/B) of the BFS-blended cement mixture is the reason for this. The study reported that the investigation of salt preventive by adding BFS with a low Blaine fineness and average substitution ratios (45%) could improve the compressive strength of BFS mortar samples. These mortar samples were even more resistant to carbonation, which could also be attributed to the hydration products of BFS.
Welding Parameter Optimization for Improvement of Mechanical Strength of Weld Line
Authors: Sangsuriyun Montri , Sangsuriyun Sawinee
Published: February 2022

In this study, MIG welding parameters were optimized by experts. The results showed that heat input affected the welding of all five specimens, and similar structural changes were observed. The part adjacent to the weld line, using low HI (BM) lower than the melting point, increased the grain size and decreased the average hardness (87 HV) at HAZ. In comparison, high HI (WZ) at melting point resulted in fine grain with a high hardness of 126.8 HV and tensile strength of 686 MPa. Nevertheless, fatigue testing revealed that the specimens suffered a brittle fracture under a slight load cycle of 104 Nf. Correlation analysis of HI, mechanical properties and optimization plot revealed the optimum HI of 363 J/mm, and the verification by fatigue testing showed the optimum load cycle of 106 Nf. However, the determination of maximum strength should be done using several techniques for more effective improvement of quality and yield using the research findings of this study.
Comparative Parametric Analysis of Class-B Power Amplifier Using BJT, Single-Gate MOSFET, and Double-Gate MOSFET
Authors: Mbonane Sandile H. , Srivastava Viranjay M.
Published: February 2022

This paper presents system performance indices for a class-B power amplifier using Double-Gate (DG) Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET). It also presents a comparative analysis of three power amplifiers using different switching devices, i.e. Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT), MOSFET, and DG MOSFET. The MOSFET used in this research work is based on Silicon for n-MOSFET and SiO2 has been used as oxide layer. These power amplifiers are also being designed and simulated to test the speed and time (taken for each of these power amplifiers) to get the output signal when an input signal is applied. A comparison of these three power amplifier circuits is taken in the tabular form to conclude which power amplifier circuit performs better regarding its switching speed and the time. Switching speed relates with the time taken to amplify the signal, which is the same as its time to amplify the signal to a specific gain. Settling time for these three types of power amplifiers have also been tested and presented for the performance of these power amplifiers.
Influence of Air Gap Size to Mechanical Properties of Laser Welded Lap Joints
Authors: Hietala Mikko , Keskitalo Markku , Järvenpää Antti
Published: February 2022

The paper is focused on the effects of air gap size to mechanical properties of laser welded lap joints. Structural steel plates of 3 mm thickness were used in the laser welding experiments. The laser welding experiments were conducted at two very different energy inputs (EI) of 60 and 320 J/mm. The weld geometries were investigated using optical microscopy. The shear strength of the lap joints was evaluated by uniaxial tensile tests. Results showed that with low EI of 60 J/mm the size of air gap had significant effect on the width of the interface as the larger air gap size increased the width of the interface. At high EI of 320 J/mm, the width of the weld at the interface did not change significantly as the air gap increased. The hardness of the weld metal was greater than the hardness of the base material at both EIs. The shear strength of the joint increased significantly with low EI of 60 J/mm, as air gap size increased. The size of the air gap did not have a large effect on the shear strength of the joint with higher EI of 320 J/mm.