bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing cumulative uncertainties of remote sensing time series and telemetry data in animal-environment studies
Authors: Standfuß Ines , Geiß Christian , Senaratne Hansi , Kerr Grégoire , Nathan Ran , Rotics Shay , Taubenböck Hannes
Published: January 2024

Context

Remote sensing time series (hereafter called time series) and telemetry data are widely used to study animal-environment relationships. However, both data sources are subject to uncertainties that can cause erroneous conclusions. To date, only the uncertainty of telemetry data can be estimated, e.g. through movement modelling, while information on the uncertainty of time series is often lacking. Consequently, it remains challenging to assess if and how the results of animal-environment studies are affected by cumulative uncertainties of telemetry and time series data.

Objectives

To address this gap, we proposed an approach to approximate time series uncertainties. Coupled with movement modelling, this allows to determine whether the results of animal-environment studies are robust to the cumulative uncertainties of time series and telemetry data. We demonstrated the procedure with a study that used time series to distinguish periods of favourable/poor prey accessibility for white storks. Our objective was to test whether the storks’ preference for fields during periods of favourable prey accessibility could be validated despite the uncertainties.

Methods

We estimated the telemetry data uncertainties based on continuous-time movement modelling, and approximated time series uncertainties based on data subsampling. We used Monte Carlo simulations to propagate the uncertainties and to generate several estimates of the stork habitat use and levels of prey accessibility. These data were applied in two habitat selection analyses to derive probability distributions of the analyses results, allowing us to characterise the output uncertainties.

Results

We found that, after accounting for uncertainty, favourable and poor prey accessibility periods were well discriminated, with storks showing the expected degree of preference/avoidance for them. However, our uncertainty analysis also showed, that compared to croplands, grasslands required more temporal NDVI samples to reliably identify these periods. Furthermore, the NDVI itself did not appear to be a coherent predictor of stork habitat selection when uncertainties were accounted for.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the importance of validating results by assessing and quantifying the effect of input data uncertainties in animal-environment studies. To our knowledge, the approach presented is the first to assess the cumulative uncertainty of time series and telemetry data, hopefully raising awareness of the consequences of input data uncertainties for future studies.
Packing Heat: On the Affective Incorporation of Firearms
Authors: Saarinen Jussi A.
Published: January 2024

For countless citizens in the United States, guns are objects of personal attachment that provide strong feelings of power and security. I argue that a key reason for such tight affective bonds is that, under certain conditions, guns become integrated into their owners’ embodied experience. To flesh out this view, I explain (a) how firearms, as material artifacts, can become a part of the feeling body and (b) how this integration impacts one’s experience of self, others, and the world. I first apply the distinction between body-incorporation and body-extension by De Preester and Tsakiris (Phenomenol Cogn Sci 8:307–319, 2009) to delineate how guns can (and cannot) be integrated into lived bodies. I then introduce Ihde's (Technology and the life world: from garden to earth, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1990) notion of embodiment relations to elaborate on the key experiential features of technologically extended bodies and complement the previous, sensorimotor-centric accounts of bodily extension with Colombetti's (Phenomenology for the twenty-first century, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2016) concept of affective incorporation. With this theoretical framework in place, I proceed to examine the motives and affective dynamics involved in the incorporation of guns, the practices by which this incorporation is constituted, and its impact on gun carriers’ habitual comportment. In doing so, I identify two notable contradictions: first, between a desire for the power afforded by firearms and the lack in oneself that this power implies, and second, between one’s seemingly beneficial feelings of confidence/safety and potentially harmful transformations in one’s perceptions of threat. To conclude, I discuss how my analysis challenges current theorization on technologically extended bodies and consider its relevance for ongoing debates over gun policy.
Can clean energy and technology address environmental sustainability in G7 under the pre-set of human development?
Authors: Ali Shaibu , Khan Khatib Ahmad , Gyamfi Bright Akwasi , Ofori Elvis Kwame , Tetteh Derrick , Shamansurova Zilola
Published: January 2024

Climate change presents challenges for both industrialized and developing nations, primarily due to insufficient pollution control. Increased fossil fuel usage escalates pollution levels, emphasizing the need to integrate more renewable energy into the energy mix, particularly to reduce carbon emissions. Consequently, public investment in renewable energy becomes pivotal to enhance the necessary technology for green energy production. Human development and technological progress play a crucial role in advancing green energy and ensuring environmental sustainability. This study addresses whether clean energy and technology can foster ecological sustainability in the G7 while considering human development. Findings emphasize the significance of public investments in renewable energy projects, technical innovation, and human development. Such investments are essential for augmenting renewable energy shares and lowering carbon emissions in the long run. The study proposes relevant policies to help G7 nations achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goals related to green energy transition (SDG-7), environmental sustainability (SDG-13), and innovation (SDG-9). In essence, prioritizing renewable energy investment and innovation is imperative for sustainable development.
Measurements of thickness of a steel operation pipe occurring in a salt cavern and its geometry: simulations and experiments
Authors: Kubacka Tomasz , Nguyen Dinh Chau
Published: January 2024

In this paper, the attempts of measuring the thickness of a steel operation pipe occurring in the salt cavern and its geometry using an ultrasonic probe in the stage of computer simulation and laboratory are presented. The pipe makes as an obstacle for ultrasonic waves. In order to resolve this task, we need to determine the thickness of the pipe and choose the appropriate resonant ultrasonic wave. Determination of the thickness of the industrial steel pipes was carried out using the resonant frequency of reflected ultrasound waves and the relationship coefficients. The thicknesses of the industrial pipes measured by the resonant ultrasound wave method are in good agreement with those measured using an electronic caliper. Measurements of the cavern geometry with presence of the operation pipe using the resonant frequency of ultrasonic wave were well verified in a physical model and will be able in application to determine the real salt caverns.
Automation and Orchestration of Zero Trust Architecture: Potential Solutions and Challenges
Authors: Cao Yang , Pokhrel Shiva Raj , Zhu Ye , Doss Robin , Li Gang
Published: January 2024

Zero trust architecture (ZTA) is a paradigm shift in how we protect data, stay connected and access resources. ZTA is non-perimeter-based defence, which has been emerging as a promising revolution in the cyber security field. It can be used to continuously maintain security by safeguarding against attacks both from inside and outside of the network system. However, ZTA automation and orchestration, towards seamless deployment on real-world networks, has been limited to be reviewed in the existing literature. In this paper, we first identify the bottlenecks, discuss the background of ZTA and compare it with traditional perimeter-based security architectures. More importantly, we provide an in-depth analysis of state-of-the-art AI techniques that have the potential in the automation and orchestration of ZTA. Overall, in this review paper, we develop a foundational view on the challenges and potential enablers for the automation and orchestration of ZTA.
Development of a Dynamic Semi-empirical Model for Simulation of Copper Electrowinning Processes
Authors: Grobbelaar Suné , Dorfling Christie , Tadie Margreth
Published: January 2024

Dynamic process models present an opportunity to investigate optimization and control strategies for the energy-intensive copper electrowinning process. In this paper, a dynamic semi-empirical model of the copper electrowinning process was developed to predict the copper yield, current efficiency, and specific energy consumption. The model uses input variables readily measured in industrial tankhouses and incorporates the ability to induce step or pulse disturbances in the electrolyte composition or flow rate. Dynamic bench-scale electrowinning data were used to show how the model may be calibrated and validated for use in predicting electrowinning performance. Overall, the performance of the developed dynamic model lends credence to the application thereof for operator training, process monitoring, and early fault detection. The model also represents a further step towards investigating advanced control strategies for the electrowinning process.
Application of the Kvaal method to CBCT reconstructed panoramic images for age estimation
Authors: Çelik Hatice , Kılıçarslan Mehmet Ali , Boyacioglu Hatice , Bilecen Burak
Published: January 2024

As the teeth are more durable than other parts of the skeleton, they provide valuable data for age estimation. Age estimation from adult teeth is mainly based on secondary dentin production. The present study aimed to devise a regression formula for age estimation specific to the Anatolian population using the Kvaal method on CBCT reconstructed panoramic images. In total, 201 individuals aged between 20 and 69 were divided into two groups: data from the study group (n = 101) were used to create the regression formulae, and data from the control group (n = 100) were used to test the formulae. Pearson’s correlation coefficients and linear regression analyses were performed. Maxillary teeth provided more accurate age estimates than mandibular teeth. The regression formulae derived in this study are found to be statistically applicable and reasonably accurate. However, these results should be interpreted with caution.
A semi-empirical model for thermal decomposition of carbonates and its application to astrobiology
Authors: Micca Longo Gaia , Cipriani Angelo , D’Elia Marcella , Orofino Vincenzo , Longo Savino
Published: January 2024

We review the basis of a semi-empirical model of carbonate decomposition developed by the authors, shortly discussing numerous previous theories. Then, the model is applied to the modeling of a scenario of matter transport from space to the surface of planets embedded into sub-mm mineral grains, with the correction of the so-called additional enthalpy, coming from the experiments. Having magnesium and calcium carbonates as mineral phases and the atmosphere of Earth and Mars as environments, the chemical-physical history of grains entering at different angles and speeds is discussed. The results are compared with those obtained previously and new evaluations of the most promising scenarios are formulated.

Graphical abstract
Model validation of hollow embossing rolling for bipolar plate forming
Authors: Reuther Franz , Dix Martin , Kräusel Verena , Psyk Verena , Porstmann Sebastian
Published: January 2024

Hollow embossing rolling is a promising forming technology for metallic bipolar plates because of the high achievable production rates. However, the simulation-based process optimization is impeded by the incremental forming character and modeling of fine channel structures, which leads to large model sizes and long computation times. This paper presents a shell-based finite element approach validated by experimental forming tests using a miniaturized test geometry with typical discontinuities and varying channel orientations. The rolling experiments demonstrated that implementing restraining tension effectively decreases wrinkling, allowing successful forming of the selected test geometry by hollow embossing rolling. It was found that representing the manufacturing-related decreased rolling gap combined with the rolling gap changes due to roll system elasticity in the numerical model is essential for model accuracy. An optimized model approach with spring-controlled rollers was developed, which considers the effect of load-dependent rolling gap changes. With this approach the applied model achieves sufficient model accuracy for technological process simulation and optimization.
Appraising biocultural approaches to sustainability in the scientific literature in Spanish
Authors: Díaz-Reviriego Isabel , Hanspach Jan , Torralba Mario , Ortiz-Przychodzka Stefan , Frias Camila Benavides , Burke Leonie , García-Martín María , Oteros-Rozas Elisa
Published: January 2024

Biocultural approaches that acknowledge the multiple and dynamic relationships between the diversity of cultures and nature are growing in popularity in sustainability research. Scientific contributions to biocultural approaches written in Spanish are numerous, including influential work on biocultural memory, biocultural heritage and biocultural ethics. However, despite linguistic diversity being considered essential in knowledge production for assuring broad and balanced evidence to successfully cope with sustainability challenges, non-English literature is rarely reviewed and taken into account in English-language scientific knowledge production and publications. This review assesses how the scientific literature in Spanish conceptualizes and applies biocultural approaches, showing their richness beyond the Anglophone predominance in academic knowledge production and communication. The results suggest that insights from Spanish-language scientific literature could contribute alternative methodological and theoretical pathways for biocultural approaches that might foster transformations for more sustainable human-nature relationships. We conclude by highlighting avenues that could bring more plural biocultural studies.
Investigations on hydrogen-assisted cold cracking of laser welded AHSS
Authors: Hopf Anton , Jüttner Sven , Goth Klaus , Luttmer Michael
Published: January 2024

This study aims to investigate the impact of various surface conditions prior to welding on the susceptibility of materials to cold cracking, including an analysis of fracture surfaces. Additionally, a novel method is introduced for quantifying the presence of diffusible hydrogen using thermal desorption analysis (TDA). This method allows for the determination of diffusible hydrogen concentration in thin sheet welded joints without use of welding consumables. Three different cold-rolled Advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) samples with different surface conditions, such as coatings, lubrication, or water, are examined to assess their susceptibility to cold cracking. In addition to measuring the diffusible hydrogen content in both the base material and the coating, the overall hydrogen content of the base material is also measured using the melt extraction (ME) method. The new method for quantifying diffusible hydrogen in weld metal is applied to investigate different welding variations, intentionally introducing hydrogen through coatings and hydrogenous fluids on the sheet surface. By combining the assessment of cracking susceptibility and hydrogen content, a better understanding of critical hydrogen levels leading to hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC) is achieved. The results of this study demonstrate that the occurrence of cold cracking in specific AHSS samples increases when either lubrication or both coating and water or lubricant are added. Additionally, the presence of diffusible hydrogen in the welds of all materials is found to increase with the introduction of hydrogenous layers to the material. Although a critical hydrogen content is identified, no clear correlation between the amount of hydrogen and cracking susceptibility can be determined. These findings have significant implications for the welding of cold-formed AHSS, particularly in the automotive industry where safety and lightweight design are of paramount importance.
Injury Profile in Youth Female Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Beech Jake , Jones Ben , Hughes Thomas , Emmonds Stacey
Published: January 2024

Background

An increasing number of epidemiological studies assessing the incidence, prevalence and severity of injury in youth female sport are available. However, no study has sought to synthesise the current evidence base across all youth female sport. As such, a systematic review and meta-analysis of injury in this cohort is necessary to understand the diversity of injury and its associated burden between sports in addition to identifying the density of research available.

Objective

To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological data of injuries in youth female athletes with particular attention to injury incidence, mean days lost and injury burden.

Methods

Searches were performed in PubMed, EBSCO (SPORTDiscus with Full Text MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete) and Cochrane databases. Studies were considered if they reported time-loss injury incidence or prevalence in youth female (≤ 19 years old) athletes. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using STROBE-SIIS extension, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and funnel plots, respectively. Injury incidence and burden rate data were modelled using a mixed-effect Poisson regression model. Days lost data were modelled using a generalised linear mixed model.

Results

Thirty-two studies were included. The overall incidence rate, mean days lost per injury, and burden rate were 4.4 injuries per 1000 h (95% CI 3.3–5.9), 10 days (95% CI 6–15), and 46 days per 1000 h (95% CI 23–92), respectively. Forty percent of athletes sustained at least one time-loss injury. Competitive level was a significant moderator of match and training injury incidence, with elite youth athletes presenting greater pooled injury incidence estimates than non-elite athletes (p = 0.0315 and p = 0.0047, respectively). The influence of moderators on days lost and injury burden could not be determined due to an insufficient number of studies for analysis.

Conclusion

Despite a broad inclusion criterion, there is limited injury surveillance research available across youth female sport. Outside of soccer, little research density is evidenced with single studies available in popular team sports such as Australian football and rugby union. Insufficient study numbers reporting mean days lost and injury burden data were available for analysis, and pooled days lost data could only be estimated for soccer. This highlights a need for future research to report days lost data alongside injury number and exposure so burden can be calculated and the full risk of injury to youth female athletes can be identified.
The Standard Error/Standard Deviation Mix-Up: Potential Impacts on Meta-Analyses in Sports Medicine
Authors: Sandercock Gavin
Published: January 2024

Background

A recent review found that 45% of meta-analyses included statistical errors, of which, the most common was the calculation of effect sizes based on standard error (SE) rather than standard deviation (SD) [the SE/SD mix-up].

Objectives

The first aim of this study was to assess the impact of the SE/SD mix-up on the results of one highly cited meta-analysis. Our second aim was to identify one potential source of the SE/SD mix-up, by assessing how often SE is reported as a measure of sample variability in randomised controlled trials in sports medicine.

Methods

We checked for potential SE/SD mix-ups in a 2015 meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials reporting the effects of recreational football interventions on aerobic fitness in adults. We corrected effect sizes affected by SE/SD mix-ups and re-analysed the data according to the original methodology. We compared pooled estimates of effect sizes from our re-analysis of corrected values with those of the original study. To assess how often SE was reported instead of SD as a measure of sample variance, we text mined results of randomised controlled trials from seven sports medicine journals and reported the proportion reporting of SE versus SD.

Results

We identified potential SE/SD mix-ups in 9/16 effect sizes included in the meta-analysis describing the effects of football-based interventions versus non-exercise control. The published effect size was standardised mean difference (SMD) = 1.46 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91, 2.01). After correcting for SE/SD mix-ups, our re-analysis produced a smaller pooled estimate (SMD = 0.54 [95% CI 0.37, 0.71]). The original pooled estimate for trials comparing football versus running interventions was SMD = 0.68 (95% CI 0.06, 1.4). After correcting for SE/SD mix-ups and re-analysis, the effect was no longer statistically significant (SMD = 0.20 [95% CI − 0.10, 0.49)]). We found that 19.3% of randomised controlled trials reported SE rather than SD to describe sample variability. The relative frequency of the practice ranged from 0 to 25% across the seven journals sampled.

Conclusions

We found the SE/SD mix-up had inflated estimates for the effects of football on aerobic fitness. Meta-analysts should be vigilant to avoid miscalculating effect sizes. Authors, reviewers and editors should avoid and discourage (respectively) the practice of reporting SE as a measure of sample variability in sports medicine research.
Power-series solutions of fractional-order compartmental models
Authors: Jornet Marc
Published: January 2024

Compartmental models based on coupled differential equations of fractional order have been widely employed in the literature for modeling. An abstraction of these models is given by a system with polynomial vector field. We investigate the use of power series for solving generic polynomial differential equations in any dimension, with Caputo fractional derivative. As is well known, power series convert a continuous formulation into a discrete system of difference equations, which are easily solved by recursion. The novelty of this paper is that we rigorously prove that the series converge on a neighborhood of the initial instant, which is an analogue of the Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem. Besides, these series are proved to be continuous with respect to the fractional index. For applications, a general-purpose symbolic implementation of truncated power series is developed, and its execution is illustrated for the fractional SIR epidemiological model.
Bringing Balance: Immune Interactions Regulating Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Latency
Authors: Majeed Sheikh Tahir , Jondle Christopher N.
Published: January 2024

Purpose of Review

Gammaherpesviruses constitute the chief virus family that is capable of exhibiting true latency. Latency allows the viral genome to override host immune responses and persist despite unfavorable conditions. Due to the species specificity of gammaherpesviruses, murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68), presents by far the most advanced system for analyzing latency and the impact of the immune response to viral latency in an intact host.

Recent Findings

Recent publications show that MHV68 utilizes components of the host immune response to promote the establishment of latency. Further, other immune factors, which are classically antiviral, were found to differentially function to promote or restrict MHV68 latency depending on anatomical location or in cell-intrinsic manner. These observations highlight the involvement of varied underlying mechanistic pathways through which host immune factors may interact with MHV68 to regulate latency.

Throughout this review, we highlight different ways through which the host immune response both promotes and restricts MHV68 latency.
From the Automated Assessment of Student Essay Content to Highly Informative Feedback: a Case Study
Authors: Gombert Sebastian , Fink Aron , Giorgashvili Tornike , Jivet Ioana , Di Mitri Daniele , Yau Jane , Frey Andreas , Drachsler Hendrik
Published: January 2024

Various studies empirically proved the value of highly informative feedback for enhancing learner success. However, digital educational technology has yet to catch up as automated feedback is often provided shallowly. This paper presents a case study on implementing a pipeline that provides German-speaking university students enrolled in an introductory-level educational psychology lecture with content-specific feedback for a lecture assignment. In the assignment, students have to discuss the usefulness and educational grounding (i.e., connection to working memory, metacognition or motivation) of ten learning tips presented in a video within essays. Through our system, students received feedback on the correctness of their solutions and content areas they needed to improve. For this purpose, we implemented a natural language processing pipeline with two steps: (1) segmenting the essays and (2) predicting codes from the resulting segments used to generate feedback texts. As training data for the model in each processing step, we used 689 manually labelled essays submitted by the previous student cohort. We then evaluated approaches based on GBERT, T5, and bag-of-words baselines for scoring them. Both pipeline steps, especially the transformer-based models, demonstrated high performance. In the final step, we evaluated the feedback using a randomised controlled trial. The control group received feedback as usual (essential feedback), while the treatment group received highly informative feedback based on the natural language processing pipeline. We then used a six items long survey to test the perception of feedback. We conducted an ordinary least squares analysis to model these items as dependent variables, which showed that highly informative feedback had positive effects on helpfulness and reflection.
Ultrathin Zincophilic Interphase Regulated Electric Double Layer Enabling Highly Stable Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Yimei , Deng Zhiping , Sun Yongxiang , Li Yue , Zhang Hao , Li Ge , Zeng Hongbo , Wang Xiaolei
Published: January 2024

The practical application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries for large-grid scale systems is still hindered by uncontrolled zinc dendrite and side reactions. Regulating the electrical double layer via the electrode/electrolyte interface layer is an effective strategy to improve the stability of Zn anodes. Herein, we report an ultrathin zincophilic ZnS layer as a model regulator. At a given cycling current, the cell with Zn@ZnS electrode displays a lower potential drop over the Helmholtz layer (stern layer) and a suppressed diffuse layer, indicating the regulated charge distribution and decreased electric double layer repulsion force. Boosted zinc adsorption sites are also expected as proved by the enhanced electric double-layer capacitance. Consequently, the symmetric cell with the ZnS protection layer can stably cycle for around 3,000 h at 1 mA cm−2 with a lower overpotential of 25 mV. When coupled with an I2/AC cathode, the cell demonstrates a high rate performance of 160 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and long cycling stability of over 10,000 cycles at 10 A g−1. The Zn||MnO2 also sustains both high capacity and long cycling stability of 130 mAh g−1 after 1,200 cycles at 0.5 A g−1.
Conformally Invariant Metrics and Lack of Hölder Continuity
Authors: Kargar Rahim , Rainio Oona
Published: January 2024

The modulus metric between two points in a subdomain of $$\mathbb {R}^n, n\ge 2,$$

R

n

,
n
≥
2
,

is defined in terms of moduli of curve families joining the boundary of the domain with a continuum connecting the two points. This metric is one of the conformally invariant hyperbolic-type metrics that have become a standard tool in geometric function theory. We prove that the modulus metric is not Hölder continuous with respect to the hyperbolic metric.
Temperature effect of rockburst in granite caverns: insights from reduced-scale model true-triaxial test
Authors: Si Xuefeng , Luo Yong , Gong Fengqiang , Huang Jiancheng , Han Kaifeng
Published: January 2024

To investigate the influence of thermal treatment on the rockburst in granite caverns, true-triaxial compression tests were conducted on pre-heated granite cubic samples containing a circular through-hole using a true-triaxial test system, and the micro camera was used to monitor and record the rockburst process in realtime. Test results show that the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus first increase and then decrease as the temperature increases, which reach the maximums at 200 °C and sharply decrease at temperatures from 400 to 600 °C. The density and P-wave velocity decrease and the peak strain increases with increasing temperature. The main failure mode is X-shaped shear-tension failure at 25 and 200 °C, and single-slope shear failure at 400 and 600 °C. Thermal treatment exhibits slight effect on the rockburst incubation process in granite caverns. The stress required for rockburst decreases when the temperature increases or decreases from 200 °C. The higher the temperature, the lower the required stress. At 25 and 200 °C, rockburst is violent, and fine particles and large slabs are mainly produced; at 400 and 600 °C, the intensity of rockburst is relatively weak, and fine particles are mainly generated. Thermal treatment exhibits double effects on rockburst. The mechanism of thermal treatment on granite rockburst is the strengthening effect caused by water loss and the weakening effect caused by thermal expansion cracking. This study can provide theoretical guidance for the stability analysis and rockburst prevention of temperature-affected granite caverns.
Variability of the undrained strength of the plastic tailings from the Germano dam in Mariana, Brazil
Authors: De Bona Becker Leonardo , Salgueiro de Aguiar Ana Luiza , Alvarenga Lacerda Willy
Published: January 2024

Mining tailings may be divided in non-plastic (sand, silty sand, or sandy silt tailings) and plastic (fine tailings, usually mixtures of silt and clay-sized particles). The understanding of the behavior of these materials is a great geotechnical challenge because of their wide variations in mineralogy, physical–chemical, and geotechnical characteristics. Sand tailings have been widely studied in the last decades because they are often susceptible to liquefaction, and they usually constitute the beach of the tailings dam which is the most important zone for stability analysis in upstream dams. However, the study of the characteristics and the strength of the plastic tailings is also important since layers of plastic tailings are sometimes found in the midst of the sand tailings. The aim of this article is to study the normalized undrained strength ratio (su/σ′v) of plastic tailings of the Germano dam in Mariana, Brazil, and to present a criterion developed for their identification. The method consisted of analyzing and scrutinizing Piezocone (CPTu), Field Vane (FV) tests, and the water levels. An extensive review of the iron ore plastic tailings properties was also performed. A total of approximately 900 occurrences of plastic layers were analyzed. The results included the discovery of perched water tables and significant vertical downward flow in some locations. The conclusion is that su/σ′v histograms are well fitted by lognormal distributions and the layer thickness influences the undrained strength. Moreover, the strengths are relatively low (for example, su/σ′v = 0.11 on average for plastic layers with thickness of 1.0 m or more).
A fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical elastoplastic damage model for fractured rock
Authors: Reppas Nikolaos , Gui Yilin , Wetenhall Ben , Davie Colin T. , Ma Jianjun
Published: January 2024

A detailed and fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) model for fractured rock is presented. This model distinguishes itself by harmoniously integrating elastoplastic material behaviour with a continuum damage mechanics framework. Solid matrix displacement, pore and fissure water pressures and temperature of the solid are introduced as the primary nodal variables. The ingenuity of this research is embedded in the intricate coupling of THM processes with plastic deformation and damage mechanics in a double porous medium, a venture that significantly broadens the remit of existing methodologies. The model is implemented using finite element method (FEM) and validation is achieved by comparing the FEM results against existing literature numerical outcomes describing linear and elastoplastic continuum damage behaviour of fractured rock. The model also exhibits an extraordinary proficiency in reproducing experimental triaxial test results, using THM components conjoined with elastoplastic bounding surface aspects and inherent hardening effects. It is imperative, nonetheless, to underscore the model's sensitivity to certain material properties, inclusive of strength parameters, leakage coefficients, and permeability attributes. This fully coupled THM model provides a comprehensive and sophisticated tool for investigating the behaviour of fractured rock under various loading conditions. It can help us better understand the physics of fractured rock behaviour and contribute to the development of more accurate and reliable models for engineering applications, such as CO2 injection.
Recent progress in oxygen electrodes for protonic ceramic electrochemical cells
Authors: Oh Seeun , Kim Hyeonggeun , Jeong Incheol , Kim Dongyeon , Yu Hyeongmin , Lee Kang Taek
Published: January 2024

Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells, a promising technology for energy conversion and storage, have garnered significant interest in recent years owing to their superior low-temperature (< 600 °C) performance relative to solid oxide electrochemical cells. However, the sluggish kinetics of oxygen electrodes have impeded further advancements. Despite considerable research efforts, the development of practically applicable oxygen electrodes remains challenging. We herein review the recent research focusing on the fundamental understanding and development of oxygen electrode materials. Furthermore, we provide a range of material design strategies for enhancing the catalytic activity of oxygen electrodes along with a concise overview of potential derivative applications. Finally, the perspectives and potential directions for the development of oxygen electrodes for high-performance protonic ceramic electrochemical cells are presented.
Patientin mit Symptomen einer posttraumatischen Belastung nach Intensivmedizin – ein Fallbericht der PICTURE-Studie
Authors: Sanftenberg Linda , Krevet Julia , Kosilek Robert Philipp , Lindemann Daniela , Schmidt Konrad , Heintze Christoph , Elbert Thomas , Schauer Maggie , Reips Ulf-Dietrich , Gensichen Jochen ,   PICTURE-Studiengruppe, Adrion Christine , Angstwurm Matthias , Ballmann Cora , Bergmann Antje , Beutel Antina , Bielmeier Gerhard , Bischoff Andrea , Bogdanski Ralph , Brettner Franz , Brettschneider Christian , Briegel Josef , Bürkle Martin , Dohmann Johanna , Elbert Thomas , Falkai Peter , Felbinger Thomas , Fisch Richard , Förstl Hans , Fohr Benjamin , Franz Martin , Friederich Patrick , Friemel Chris-Maria , Gallinat Jürgen , Gehrke-Beck Sabine , Gensichen Jochen , Gerlach Herwig , Güldner Andreas , Hardt Hanna , Heintze Christoph , Heinz Andreas , Heller Axel , von Heymann Christian , Hoppmann Petra , Huge Volker , Irlbeck Michael , Jaschinski Ulrich , Jarczak Dominik , Joos Stefanie , Kaiser Elisabeth , Kerinn Melanie , Klefisch Frank-Rainer , Kluge Stefan , Koch Roland , Koch Thea , Kowalski Michelle , König Hans-Helmut , Kosilek Robert , Lackermeier Peter , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Lemke Yvonne , Lies Achim , Linde Klaus , Lindemann Daniela , Lühmann Dagmar , May Stephanie , Ney Ludwig , Oltrogge Jan , Pankow Wulf , Papiol Sergi , Ragaller Maximilian , Rank Nikolaus , Reill Lorenz , Reips Ulf-Dietrich , Richter Hans-Peter , Riessen Reimer , Ringeis Grit , Rösgen David , Rüchhardt Ann , Sanftenberg Linda , Schauer Maggie , Schelling Gustav , Schelling Jörg , Scherag André , Scherer Martin , Schubert Tomke , Schmidt Konrad , Schneider Antonius , Schneider Gerhard , Schneider Jürgen , Schnurr Julia , Schultz Susanne , Schulze Thomas G. , Schumacher Karin , Spieth Peter , Thurm Franka , Vogl Thomas , Voigt Karen , Walther Andreas , Wassilowsky Dietmar , Wäscher Cornelia , Weber-Carstens Steffen , Wehrstedt Regina , Weierstall-Pust Roland , Weis Marion , Weiss Georg , Well Harald , Zöllner Christian , Zwissler Bernhard
Published: January 2024

Hintergrund

Intensivmedizinische Aufenthalte führen bei vorbelasteten Menschen häufig zu Symptomen einer posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (Post-ICU-PTBS). In der Nachsorge spielen HausärztInnen eine wichtige Rolle.

Falldarstellung

Eine 58-jährige Patientin entwickelt nach erlebter Sepsis eine Post-ICU-PTBS. Sie erhält durch ihre Hausärztin eine Kurzform der Narrativen Expositionstherapie (NET) und erfährt eine deutliche Symptombesserung.

Schlussfolgerung

Die angewandte Kurzform der NET kann für die Behandlung von leicht- bis mittelgradigen Symptomen einer Post-ICU-PTBS geeignet sein.
Cattle Are What They Eat: A Consumer Analysis of Beef Produced from Barley Fodder-Fed Cattle Compared with a Conventional Mixed Ration
Authors: Feuz Ryan , Feuz Dillon , Lidgard Audrey , Crump Zachary , Thornton Kara , Martini Silvana , Cheng Haotian , Stafford Chandler , Matarneh Sulaiman
Published: January 2024

We conduct sensory analysis and assess consumer preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for beef steaks from cattle fed hydroponically produced barley fodder (B-F) relative to those fed conventional mixed rations (CON). Results suggest consumers do not differentiate between B-F and CON when evaluating sensory attributes and possess similar WTP for both treatments. Preference toward the B-F treatment is demonstrated for sustainability-conscientious consumers informed about the potential sustainability benefits of the B-F treatment. Producers feeding hydroponically produced barley fodder should not expect premiums above beef-fed conventional feedstuff, yet establishing credence value around the sustainability of the B-F treatment may increase marketability.
A decade of clinical microbiology: top 10 advances in 10 years: what every infection preventionist and antimicrobial steward should know
Authors: Jhaveri Tulip A. , Weiss Zoe Freeman , Winkler Marisa L. , Pyden Alexander D. , Basu Sankha S. , Pecora Nicole D.
Published: January 2024

The past 10 years have brought paradigm-shifting changes to clinical microbiology. This paper explores the top 10 transformative innovations across the diagnostic spectrum, including not only state of the art technologies but also preanalytic and post-analytic advances. Clinical decision support tools have reshaped testing practices, curbing unnecessary tests. Innovations like broad-range polymerase chain reaction and metagenomic sequencing, whole genome sequencing, multiplex molecular panels, rapid phenotypic susceptibility testing, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry have all expanded our diagnostic armamentarium. Rapid home-based testing has made diagnostic testing more accessible than ever. Enhancements to clinician-laboratory interfaces allow for automated stewardship interventions and education. Laboratory restructuring and consolidation efforts are reshaping the field of microbiology, presenting both opportunities and challenges for the future of clinical microbiology laboratories. Here, we review key innovations of the last decade.
CATEGORICAL QUANTIFICATION
Authors: BRÎNCUŞ CONSTANTIN C.
Published: January 2024

Due to Gödel’s incompleteness results, the categoricity of a sufficiently rich mathematical theory and the semantic completeness of its underlying logic are two mutually exclusive ideals. For first- and second-order logics we obtain one of them with the cost of losing the other. In addition, in both these logics the rules of deduction for their quantifiers are non-categorical. In this paper I examine two recent arguments—Warren [43] and Murzi and Topey [30]—for the idea that the natural deduction rules for the first-order universal quantifier are categorical, i.e., they uniquely determine its semantic intended meaning. Both of them make use of McGee’s open-endedness requirement and the second one uses in addition Garson’s [19] local models for defining the validity of these rules. I argue that the success of both these arguments is relative to their semantic or infinitary assumptions, which could be easily discharged if the introduction rule for the universal quantifier is taken to be an infinitary rule, i.e., non-compact. Consequently, I reconsider the use of the
$\omega $
-rule and I show that the addition of the
$\omega $
-rule to the standard formalizations of first-order logic is categorical. In addition, I argue that the open-endedness requirement does not make the first-order Peano Arithmetic categorical and I advance an argument for its categoricity based on the inferential conservativity requirement.
Inspiring diverse researchers in Virginia: Cultivating research excellence through a career-building program
Authors: Mata-McMurry Lina V. , Phillips Jennifer V. , Burks Sandra G. , Greene Adam , Syed Sana , Johnston Karen C.
Published: January 2024

Historically underrepresented groups in biomedical research have continued to experience low representation despite shifting demographics. Diversity fosters inclusive, higher quality, and innovative team science. One avenue for diversifying research teams is integrating diversity-focused initiatives into Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Programs, such as the integrated Translational Health Research Institute of Virginia (iTHRIV). In 2020, iTHRIV participated in Building Up, developed by the University of Pittsburgh CTSA, and intended to increase representation and improve career support for underrepresented groups in the biomedical workforce. Drawing lessons from this study, iTHRIV implemented the “inspiring Diverse Researchers in Virginia” (iDRIV) program. This yearlong program provided education, coaching, mentoring, and sponsorship for underrepresented early career investigators in the biomedical workforce. To date, 24 participants have participated in the program across three cohorts. Participants have been predominantly female (92%), with 33% identifying as Hispanic/Latinx, 29% as Black, and 13% as Asian. Notably, 38% of scholars have subsequently achieved at least one accomplishment, such as receiving a local research honor or award and an extramural funding award from a foundation or federal agency. The iTHRIV iDRIV program serves as a model for providing career support to developing investigators from underrepresented backgrounds, with the overall goal of improving patient health.
Reliability assessment of off-policy deep reinforcement learning: A benchmark for aerodynamics
Authors: Berger Sandrine , Arroyo Ramo Andrea , Guillet Valentin , Lahire Thibault , Martin Brice , Jardin Thierry , Rachelson Emmanuel , Bauerheim Michaël
Published: January 2024

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is promising for solving control problems in fluid mechanics, but it is a new field with many open questions. Possibilities are numerous and guidelines are rare concerning the choice of algorithms or best formulations for a given problem. Besides, DRL algorithms learn a control policy by collecting samples from an environment, which may be very costly when used with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solvers. Algorithms must therefore minimize the number of samples required for learning (sample efficiency) and generate a usable policy from each training (reliability). This paper aims to (a) evaluate three existing algorithms (DDPG, TD3, and SAC) on a fluid mechanics problem with respect to reliability and sample efficiency across a range of training configurations, (b) establish a fluid mechanics benchmark of increasing data collection cost, and (c) provide practical guidelines and insights for the fluid dynamics practitioner. The benchmark consists in controlling an airfoil to reach a target. The problem is solved with either a low-cost low-order model or with a high-fidelity CFD approach. The study found that DDPG and TD3 have learning stability issues highly dependent on DRL hyperparameters and reward formulation, requiring therefore significant tuning. In contrast, SAC is shown to be both reliable and sample efficient across a wide range of parameter setups, making it well suited to solve fluid mechanics problems and set up new cases without tremendous effort. In particular, SAC is resistant to small replay buffers, which could be critical if full-flow fields were to be stored.
The Many Genealogies of Feminist Activism
Authors: Fahs Breanne
Published: January 2024

The stakes of feminist activism, and the fault lines within feminism, have a newfound significance in this cultural moment. In response to the fall of Roe, the ascendancy of incendiary far-right politics, and the mainstreaming of white-supremacist ideologies, grassroots feminist activism and its impacts have never mattered more. When reading Rachel Seidman's Speaking of Feminism and Arielle Rotramel's Pushing Back, both books that feature interviews and ethnographic work on feminists and feminist groups prior to the 2016 election (Seidman interviewed participants from 2014 to 2016, and Rotramel worked on this material primarily from 2007 to 2011), the gap between the pre- and post-2016 realities seems ever more stark. These books highlight feminisms just prior to the series of aggressive assaults that feminism (and all forms of social justice) would face following the 2016 US presidential election. Both serve as a kind of warning—feminists of all ages understood the hazards of fusing misogyny and white supremacy—and as capturing the histories of feminist activism before the cascade of traumas that would ensue from 2016 to the present day. In this way, feminist ethnographic work and interviews with activists operate as time capsules with unique relevance to the genealogical structure of feminist history and activism. By foregrounding women-of-color-led activisms in particular, historians can trace in this period the movement from theorizing about intersectionality to enacting feminist activisms that draw from experiences of marginalization. The significance of feminist work that built on, and contributed to, theorizing about intersecting identities and interlocking oppressions is brought boldly to life in these two texts.
WHO OWNS THE OCTAGONAL PRISM OF SENNACHERIB, BM 103000? A DEALER'S DISPUTE IN FRANCE'S LAW COURTS IN 1910
Authors: Ait Said-Ghanem Nadia
Published: January 2024

The octagonal prism of Sennacherib BM 103000, today in the Middle East collection of the British Museum, is well-documented as a purchase made from the antiquities dealer Ibrahim Elias Gejou. However, the circumstances that brought this object to London from Iraq, as well as the trial this acquisition triggered in France have not been explored in scholarship. Yet, several documents survive and preserve this history. The letters that Ibrahim Elias Gejou sent about the prism to E.A. Wallis Budge, Keeper of Assyrian and Egyptian antiquities at the time, still exist today in the archive of the British Museum. While in France, records of the court case brought against Gejou by Benjamin Minassian who accused Gejou of having sold the prism without his knowledge, are to be found in the Archives de Paris. Read together, these documents narrate a chronology of events that begins with the appearance of the prism on the antiquities market and go much beyond a French court of law. To reconstruct this long-forgotten part of BM 103000's biography, this case study examines a dispute over the ownership of an artefact illegally removed from Iraq specifically to be sold to the British Museum, and how it impacted the parties who sold it.