bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modal control of a corner reflector to maximize far‐field power
Authors: Washington Gregory , Silverberg Larry
Published: July 2007

The far‐field power transmitted from a corner reflector was maximized by varying its direction angle and corner angle. The optimal direction angle and corner angle are found by the modal autofocus method. The method is shown to converge over a wide range of initial angles. The results are demonstrated in a physical experiment along with complimentary numerical predictions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
Conditions for the parameter dyadics of lossless bianisotropic media
Authors: Lindell I. V. , Sihvola A. H. , Puska P. , Ruotanen L. H.
Published: July 2007

Dyadic parameters of lossless bianisotropic media are considered and conditions based on the positive definite energy function are derived. As examples of the conditions, inequalities limiting the magnitude of the magnetoelectric parameters are considered for various nondispersive bianisotropic media treated in the literature. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
Phase‐coherent narrow‐band signal regeneration
Authors: McGinn V. P. , Whitehead M. W.
Published: July 2007

A phase‐locked loop is combined with a highly selective bandpass filter in such a way that a steady‐state single‐frequency signal is extracted from a spectrum. The system goal is to maintain the phase of the wave irrespective of the actual signal frequency. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
Modal propagation analysis of a waveguide with a regular pentagonal cross section with conducting and nonconducting boundaries
Authors: Misra Vandana , Choudhury P. K. , Khastgir P. , Ojha S. P.
Published: July 2007

Using the weak guidance approximation and Goell's point‐matching method, a numerical analysis has been made of a guide with a pentagonal cross section, which may find wide applications in integrated optic technology. Two cases have been dealt with, namely, (i) a pentagonal guide cladded with a conducting substance, and (ii) a pentagonal guide loaded with conducting substance on alternate surfaces, the remaining surfaces being made of a dielectric substance. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
A hybrid method for terminating the finite‐element mesh (electrostatic case)
Authors: Roy Tanmoy , Sarkar Tapan K. , Djordjevic Antonije R. , Salazar‐Palma Magdalena
Published: July 2007

The finite‐element or finite‐difference techniques are well known for the solution of Maxwell's equation in differential form. But terminating the mesh accurately at a finite distance from the body in the case of an open problem is a major challenge. Though there have been several techniques presented [1, 2], this new approach allows for the terminating surface to encapsulate the body very tightly. In this proposed method, the finite‐element technique is used for open‐region problems, whereas an integral equation solution approach using the Green's function is applied to enforce the radiation condition. At each iteration cycle, field sources within the domain are evaluated and their potential at the terminating surface is calculated. The proposed method leads to increased computational efficiency of the finite‐element method. It can be generalized for the case of inhomogeneous and nonlinear media, for static and dynamic fields. Typical numerical results are presented for the solution of the Laplace equation to illustrate the accuracy of the technique. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
Wave‐front splitting interferometer for measurement of phase modulation
Authors: Gregory Don A. , McClain John
Published: July 2007

A wave‐front splitting interferometer has been constructed and analyzed for measuring the phase modulating properties of popular spatial light modulators (SLM). A modified liquid crystal television (LCTV) was then used in the experiment to verify the technique. It was determined that for this interferometric architecture, one full fringe shift corresponds to a 2π phase modulation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
Resonant frequencies of a microwave package with vertical diaphragms attached to the top cover
Authors: Chung Shyh‐Jong , Chen Hao‐Hui
Published: July 2007

The resonant frequencies of the modes in a cabineted microwave package are investigated by the mode‐matching method. The upper region of the package is partitioned into several cabinets using vertical diaphragms of a same depth and of negligible thickness. Numerical results are shown to agree with those of the measurement. The change of the resonant frequencies with the diaphragm depth is presented and explained. It is found that the resonance‐free frequency bands can be broadened by suitably designing the positions and the depth of the diaphragms. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
An approach to focused 2D TM near‐field active microwave imaging of dielectric objects
Authors: Caorsi Salvatore , Gragnani Gian Luigi , Pastorino Matteo , Rebagliati Mauro
Published: July 2007

A new integral‐equation‐based numerical approach to microwave imaging is presented. It can be applied to focused imaging in the sense that only one part of an inhomogeneous body is viewed as an unknown scatterer to be reconstructed. This approach is of great usefulness in many applications, as it results in a notable computational saving and in high flexibility. Moreover, it allows the range of applicability of the Born approximation to be considerably expanded. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
An exact method for simulating boundary conditions for mesh termination in finite‐difference techniques
Authors: Djordjevic A. R. , Sarkar T. K. , Roy T. , Rao S. M. , Salazar M.
Published: July 2007

Finite‐difference methods are standard techniques for solving the differential form of Maxwell's equations. In spite of many advantages, a drawback of the technique is how to implement an absorbing boundary condition in an essentially exact fashion. In this article an absorbing boundary condition is proposed based on the Green's functions arising in integral equations. The radiation condition in this approach is built up iteratively as the solution progresses, utilizing the Green's function. In the proposed method only two layers of meshes outside the boundary may be sufficient. Examples have been presented for the electrostatic case to illustrate the accuracy and convergence of this new technique. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
Rectangular microstrip antenna using manganese ferrite substrate
Authors: Ghosh K. K. , Chaudhuri A. , Biswas S. , Singh S. K. , Sreemany S. , Desai A. , Tewari J. , Majumder A. , Sen B. , Chanda A. , Bhattacharjee A. K.
Published: July 2007

A rectangular configuration of the microstrip antenna with manganese ferrite as the substrate has been designed and fabricated and various properties have been studied. From these studies, especially from the radiation characteristics and VSWR plot, it is concluded that this configuration is very useful in the VHF and UHF frequency ranges. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Impact of spontaneous emission noise of optical amplifiers on the channel capacity of coherent SCM systems
Authors: Wu Jyh‐Horng , Wu Jingshown , Lee Yang‐Han
Published: July 2007

Analysis on the channel capacity of a coherent optical subcarrier multiplexing system using optical amplifiers is presented. The performance criterion, that is, the channel transport capability N, is derived in terms of carrier‐to‐noise ratio, input optical power, and optical amplifier gain. It is found that when the gain of the optical amplifier is large, the spontaneous emission noise limits the number of channels that can be transmitted in this system. As an example, when the gain is well above 20 dB and input optical power is −28 dBm, the maximum value of N is 46. In addition, the optimum phase modulation index is also presented. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reduced‐threshold‐current vertical cavity surface‐emitting laser
Authors: Matin M. A. , Benson T. M. , Orton J. W. , Lacklison D. E. , Jezierski A. F. , Foxon C. T. , Roberts J. S. , Sale T. E.
Published: July 2007

A simple method for reducing the threshold current of vertical cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VCSELs) is described. The approach modifies the top surface of the laser into a dome shape by chemical etching. This reduces the reflectance of the top mirror over an approximately annular region, thereby reducing the lasing area compared to the contact area in a controlled manner. A sevenfold reduction in threshold current over equivalent conventional VCSELs is demonstrated for a nonoptimized device that maintains a similar threshold current density. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Input impedance of a slot‐coupled circular microstrip antenna
Authors: Huang Chih‐Yu , Wong Kin‐Lu
Published: July 2007

Analysis of a slot‐coupled circular microstrip antenna using a generalized transmission‐line model theory is presented. An equivalent circuit for the antenna can be derived based on this theoretical approach, and the input impedance of the antenna can be readily calculated. Theoretical results for various slot lengths are presented and also compared with the measured data. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A referencing system for optical fiber sensors
Authors: Muhammad F. A. , Jin W. , Al‐Raweshidy H. S. , Senior J. M.
Published: July 2007

A novel polarimetric referencing scheme is proposed in order to correct measurements in a D‐fiber methane gas sensor. The technique makes use of the polarization‐maintaining property of the D‐fiber. Theoretical analysis of the scheme is carried out using a semivectorial polarized finite‐difference method. Results show that the referencing technique can be applied to a wide range of both aqueous and gaseous species, as it does not depend on the absorption coefficient of the absorber, but only on the birefringence properties of the waveguide. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Accurate extraction of dual‐gate field‐effect‐transistor parasitic elements
Authors: Langrez D. , Delos E. , Salmer G.
Published: July 2007

This article describes an accurate method for the extraction of dual‐gate field‐effect‐transistor (FET) parasitic elements. Parallel and series elements are separately determined in two different steps under the cold regime (Vds = 0 V). The effect of parasitic capacitances on Zij parameters is taken into account when extracting parasitic inductances. Some experimental results about 0.15‐μ dual‐ and single‐gate PM‐HEMTs are given. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Experimental validation of PO/UTD applied to fresnel‐zone plate antennas
Authors: Sluijter J. , Herben M. H. A. J. , Vullers O. J. G.
Published: July 2007

The electromagnetic modeling of the Fresnel‐zone plate antenna (FZPA) by means of physical optics (PO) and the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) is experimentally verified. Near‐field measurements on basic configurations of the FZPA (i.e., a slit and two rings in a metallic plate) at 50 GHz and far‐field measurements on a complete FZPA at 11.5 GHz show good correspondence with computer simulations based on UTD and PO. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Scattering from axially slotted cylinders: A finite‐element approach
Authors: Pelosi G. , Coccioli R. , Manara G. , Monorchio A.
Published: July 2007

A numerical technique is presented that makes use of the finite‐element method for the analysis of the scattering from perfectly conducting cylinders with cavity‐backed apertures. The method of solution, based on an application of the equivalence principle, is very flexible and can be easily extended to analyze cases in which the cylinder is inserted into a complex environment. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A new nonlinear dc model for HBT and mesfet power devices
Authors: Hajji Rached , Kouki Ammar B. , Ghannouchi Fadhel M.
Published: July 2007

A new nonlinear empirical model that can be applied to the collector current source of power HBT devices and to the drain current source of power MESFETs is presented. The model includes the self‐heating effects present in both HBT and MESFET devices. It also accurately predicts the slope variation of the dc‐I‐V characteristics from positive to negative, which occurs in MESFET devices. The proposed model is validated with the measured dc and small‐signal characteristics of one HBT and one MESFET medium‐power device. Good agreement between measurement and simulation results was obtained for both devices. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bistatic scattering width computation for nonlinear isotropic infinite multilayer circular cylinders
Authors: Caorsi Salvatore , Massa Andrea , Pastorino Massa
Published: July 2007

An iterative approach to the approximate computation of the bistatic scattering width (BSW) for nonlinear multilayer concentric circular cylinders is proposed. The nonlinear layers are assumed to exhibit a Kerr‐like nonlinearity. The approach is based on the distorted‐wave Born approximation, and the initial linear solution is obtained by using the recursive Richmond formulas. A TM illumination is considered. Numerical results are reported, concerning weakly nonlinear shells and concentric cylinders coated with nonlinear layers, or presenting nonlinear dielectric nuclei. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A new method for calculating electromagnetic scattering of complex objects
Authors: Liao Cheng , Zhao Yu‐Shen , Lin Wei‐Gan
Published: July 2007

The method of differential‐Thompson transformation (DTTR) is applied for the first time to the field of electromagnetic scattering. Complex objects and their computational areas are transformed by DTTR to a regular area. By applying the finite‐difference‐Time‐Domain (FDTD) technique, the field distribution is solved conveniently. Numerical examples show good comparison with exact results. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optical tuning behavior of Al0.25 Ga0.75 As/GaAs HBT oscillators with transparent ITO emitter contacts
Authors: Freeman P. N. , Karaküçük M. , Bhattacharya P. K.
Published: July 2007

Optical tuning experiments were performed on an Al0.25Ga0.75As/GaAs HBT oscillator operating at 6 GHz. The HBT was fabricated with a transparent emitter ohmic contact made of indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) to allow light input through the top of the device. Under direct illumination of the base and base‐collector depletion regions, optical tuning was observed with an increase in oscillation frequency of up to 25 MHz. The observed increase in frequency is attributed to a shift in resonance due to a decrease in the base‐emitter junction capacitance of the HBT under optical illumination. This effect is verified using detailed device and circuit modeling techniques. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2.5D EM small‐signal analysis of mesfets and hemts taking into account the full device metallization geometry
Authors: John A. , Jansen R. H.
Published: July 2007

The full‐wave electromagnetic (EM) spectral‐domain approach so far applied to predominantly planar (2.5D) passive MIC / MMIC structures has been extended to the rigorous EM treatment of active devices like MESFETs/HEMTs incorporating the full metallization geometry. The presented approach is verified with a 1 × 300‐μm GaAs MESFET application example. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A 3 × 3 quasioptical power combining array using FET active notch antennas
Authors: Leverich W. Kent , Wu Xiao‐Dong , Chang Kai
Published: July 2007

Active antenna elements consisting of FET oscillators integrated with notch antennas have been used to create a 3 × 3 quasioptical power combining array. The array has a good power combining efficiency and a well‐defined main beam. The design of the FET active notch antenna element and the performance of the 3 × 3 array are discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Time‐domain beltrami‐maxwell solitons in certain nonlinear chiral media
Authors: Bass F. G. , Slepyan G. Ya. , Maksimenko S. A. , Lakhtakia A.
Published: July 2007

Time‐dependent Beltrami fields are used as the basis of a novel phenomenological theory of the self‐action of electromagnetic pulses in certain nonlinear, isotropic chiral media. A set of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations for slow space‐time amplitudes is obtained. The specific features of some soliton solutions in the chosen chiral medium are described and qualitatively compared with those of soliton solutions in nonlinear, anisotropic, achiral dielectric media. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Proposal of a novel interferometric fiber‐optic gyroscope
Authors: Shi Chao‐Xiang , Yuhara Toshiya , Lizuka Hisao , Kajioka Hiroshi
Published: July 2007

A novel interferometric fiber‐optic gyroscope with amplified optical feedback by an Er‐doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is proposed and theoretically investigated (the proposed gyro is called FE‐FOG). FE‐FOG functions like an R‐FOG (resonant fiber‐optic gyro) due to its multiple utilization of the Sagnac loop; however, it is completely different, because a low‐coherence light source is used. In addition, the gyro output signal is pulsed, because the modulation frequency of the phase modulator placed in the Sagnac loop is selected to match the round‐trip time delay of the light. When the rotation occurs the peak position of output pulse is shifted due to the Sagnac effect. The resolution of rotation measurement depends on the sharpness of the output pulse. Both open‐loop and closed‐loop methods are described in detail. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Performance predictions for GaAs franz‐keldysh effect optical reflection modulators based on measured absorption data
Authors: Leeson M. S.
Published: July 2007

Performance predictions for a simple reflection modulator based on measured absorption data are presented, and then resonant enhancement is described. Calculated and measured performance for a resonant transmission device is presented with excellent agreement. An optimized resonant reflection modulator is designed giving 17‐dB contrast for 2.1‐dB insertion loss at — 30‐V bias. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analytical formulas for calculating the effective dielectric constants of coplanar lines for OIC applications
Authors: Zhu Ning Hua , Pun Edwin Yue Bun , Li Jia Xu
Published: July 2007

We use conformal mapping techniques to derive the quasianalytical formulas for calculating the effective dielectric constants of coplunar lines on LiNbO3 substrates having a buffer layer. Our calculations agree well with the results obtained using the point‐matching method. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A12‐GHZ high‐temperature superconducting semiconductor oscillator
Authors: Chauvel D. , Crosnier Y. , Carru J. C. , Chambonnet D. , Belouet C.
Published: July 2007

In view of a monolithic integration of high‐temperature superconducting (HTS) passive circuits and semiconductor (SC) active devices, we propose in this work a hybrid SC / HTS microstrip oscillator operating at 77 K and 12 GHz, combining a HEMT and a YBaCuO ring resonator. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Simplified method for an active transverse dipole array design
Authors: Floc'h J. M. , Desclos L.
Published: July 2007

The basic topology is a series of transverse dipoles coupled electromagnetically to a microstrip line. After modeling each element with a numerical technique (MoM), this array is modeled with an equivalent circuit in CAD software. This method is shown to be reliable and can interface easily with commercially available software, which allows global simulation and optimizes the design. This versatility is demonstrated with a realization example: A six‐dipole active array at 10 GHz showing a 27.5‐dBi gain. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Characterization of cylindrical microstrip gap discontinuities
Authors: Chen Hua‐Ming , Wong Kin‐Lu
Published: July 2007

A rigorous full‐wave analysis of microstrip gap discontinuities on cylindrical surfaces is presented. Numerical results for the frequency‐dependent reflection and transmission coefficients and the gap capacitance and conductance are calculated using a moment‐method calculation, in which a combination of entire‐domain sinusoidal and piecewise sinusoidal basis functions is used to represent the currents on the microstrip line. The characteristics of cylindrical microstrip gap discontinuities for various curvatures and gap spacings are analyzed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sensitivity comparison of MSM‐HBT and p‐i‐n — HBT OEIC receivers
Authors: Liu Qing Z.
Published: July 2007

The sensitivity of heterojunction‐bipolar‐transistor‐ (HBT‐) based OEIC receivers with metal‐semiconductor metal photodetectors (MSM‐PD) or p‐i‐n photodetectors (p‐i‐n‐PD) are compared. With an accurate small‐signal circuit model of an InP/InGaAs HBT, it is shown that sensitivity of the p‐i‐n‐HBT receiver is higher than that of the MSM‐HBT receiver even though the high‐frequency equivalent input noise current density is higher for the former than the latter. However, the HBT receiver using MSM‐PD with light transparent conducting fingers would offer a potential sensitivity improvement of 0.5 dB over the p‐i‐n‐HBT receiver at 10 Gbit/s due to an increased responsivity of the MSM‐PD. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
General field theory treatment of a quasioptical faraday rotator
Authors: Dou W. B. , Sun Z. L.
Published: July 2007

General field theory treatment of quasioptical Faraday rotator for use as either an isolator or circulator is presented. The use of matrix methods in conjunction with Fourier‐transformation techniques greatly facilitates the formation of the boundary‐value problem, and provides a closed‐form representation of the electromagnetic field over the anisotropic region. Numerical results are presented and compared with those in Reference [2], and they agree with experiments. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Physical optics applied to discs and square plates in near field leads to a simple formula
Authors: Desclos L. , Pouliguen P.
Published: July 2007

In this article the analytical solution of physical optics in near field for a perfectly conducting disc or square plane surface is discussed. This discussion leads to very simple formulations giving the values and positions of the minima and the maxima of the radar cross section (RCS) with simple laws © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Experimental and theoretical analysis of planar applicators for microwave hyperthermia at 434 MHz
Authors: Michel C. , Dubois L. , Cresson P. Y. , Chive M. , Pribetich J.
Published: July 2007

We propose to show that the use of applicators designed for 915 MHz is possible at 434 MHz provided that a high‐permittivity dielectric layer is laid on the microstrip excitation line. In this case, the heated area is practically the same, but we obtain a better focusing of the hot zone inside the heated tissues. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Experimental investigations on the impedance properties of some self‐complementary microstrip antennas
Authors: Das Santanu , Chowdhury S. K.
Published: July 2007

The impedance properties of some self‐complementary microstrip antennas are investigated experimentally. These structures show interesting input impedance behavior. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mutual coupling computation of cylindrical‐rectangular microstrip antennas using cavity‐model theory
Authors: Chen Jin‐Sen , Wong Kin‐Lu
Published: July 2007

The cavity‐model solutions for mutual coupling between two probe‐fed cylindrical‐rectangular microstrip antennas are presented. Typical numerical results of the mutual impedance and the mutual coupling coefficient for different curvature radii are shown. Results are found to be in good agreement with the full‐wave solutions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Matrix thinning with reduced‐field testing (RFT)
Authors: Kastner Raphael , Nocham Gabriela
Published: July 2007

The reduced‐field testing (RFT) method, presented here, is based on the distinction between near‐field and far‐field interactions in the spatial domain, generating a single, explicit sparse matrix. Basis functions are chosen independently; thus the method can enhance existing codes and be combined with other efficient techniques. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Multifrequency microwave imaging of a lossy dielectric cylinder in a lossy medium
Authors: Kim Jung‐Hye , Ra Jung‐Woong
Published: July 2007

Multifrequency Born inversion of the dielectric object is modified to include the lossy dielectric in a slightly lossy background medium. Two typical numerical examples of a circular and an L‐shaped lossy dielectric cylinder are presented with their ranges of validity. By using the improved Born inversion, a permittivity contrast of 1–6 may be reconstructed, but the range of conductivity is rather limited. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Curvature effect on the mutual coupling of circular microstrip antennas
Authors: Chen Jin‐Sen , Wong Kin‐Lu
Published: July 2007

The mutual coupling between cylindrical‐circular microstrip antennas is studied by applying the cavity‐model analysis and the reaction theorem. Expressions of the mutual coupling coefficients for the E‐plane and H‐plane coupling casés are presented. Theoretical results are calculated, and the curvature effects on the mutual coupling are discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Broadband twin‐junction tuning circuit for submillimeter SIS mixers
Authors: Belitsky V. Yu. , Jacobsson S. W. , Filippenko L. V. , Kollberg E. L.
Published: July 2007

A 400–550‐GHz fixed tuned quasioptical Nb/AlOx/Nb SIS heterodyne receiver has been built, and its performance has been evaluated. The receiver, operated at 3.5 K, showed noise temperatures ≤ 300‐K DSB within the tuning range of the available LO source (440–520 GHz). The SIS junction capacitance was tuned out by a novel twin‐junction circuit, which offered 130‐GHz fixed tuned bandwidth at 480 GHz. Large‐area SIS junctions (3.5 μm2, ωRnC ≈︁ 7.5 at 500 GHz), patterned by optical lithography, were used. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Wavelength‐multiplexed photonic beam‐former architecture for microwave phased arrays
Authors: Minasian R. A. , Alameh K. E. , Fourikis N.
Published: July 2007

A novel architecture is presented for beam formers in multiple‐beam active phased arrays operating over one or more octaves in frequency. The photonics‐based beam former is suitable for large‐scale arrays with multiple simultaneous and independent antenna beams, and substantially reduces the number of required interconnects between antennas and beam ports, when compared to conventional beam‐forming architectures. We show that a significant reduction of 96.5% in the required number of delay lines for a 512‐beam array is possible, through the use of a new wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) delay unit in the novel architecture. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fast iterative algorithm for the fine detail analysis of planar scatterers
Authors: Finkelstein Bezalel , Kastner Raphael
Published: July 2007

A very efficient iterative algorithm is presented for the analysis of planar scatterers at the very fine detail regime. The mechanisms causing slow convergence in other techniques have been identified and corrected. The resultant algorithm converges very fast for problems with fine details sampled faster than 0.001°, where other methods fail. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Some aspects of electron‐optical system numerical synthesis
Authors: Yurchenko Lidiya V.
Published: July 2007

The possibilities and the conditions for the creation of laminar axial electron beams with any desired electrical and geometrical characteristics have been investigated. The problem of synthesis has been formulated in a general way. A number of numerical results for different physical situations has been obtained. The principal possibility of arbitrary dense laminar electron beams forming has been shown. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optical compact crossbar and an HIPPI interconnection system
Authors: Wang Ning , Liang Feng , Yin Yaozuo , Liu Liren
Published: July 2007

A compact packaging optical crossbar network is proposed in the article. It is based on a polarization multiplex technique. This compact packaging crossbar network is easy to assemble and insensitive to environmental disturbance. We also construct an optical HIPPI interconnection system. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Whispering‐gallery modes of nonuniform dielectric resonators
Authors: Filipov Yuri , Kharkovsky Sergey , Kirichenko Alexsandr
Published: July 2007

New results of theoretical and experimental investigations of nonuniform dielectric resonators (DRs) with higher‐order azimuthal waves (whispering‐gallery modes) are presented. The frequency splitting and modal coupling phenomena are studied. The effect of the space‐frequency field separation of the modes is found. Application of nonuniform dielectric resonators for the study of various materials (semiconductive and dielectric plates and films, high‐Tc superconductors), and for the design of millimeter‐wave filters and oscillators is proposed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Design of wave absorbers for cylindrical objects for both horizontal and vertical polarizations
Authors: Hashimoto Osamu , Motoyoshi Souichiro , Mittra Raj
Published: July 2007

This article discusses the design of wave absorbers for cylindrical objects with a view to reducing their radar cross sections (RCSs). The case of a two‐layer absorber is presented, and it is shown that, with appropriate design, the coating can help reduce, simultaneously, the scattering from the cylinder for both polarizations. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
FDTD analysis of permittivity measurement with rectangular cavity resonators
Authors: Abe Takumi , Hashimoto Osamu , Mittra Raj
Published: July 2007

In this article we describe an application of the finite‐difference‐time‐domain (FDTD) method to the problems of the cavity resonator measurement of material permittivity and a quantitative estimation of errors in such measurements via the use of perturbation methods. It is shown in this article that the error in the permittivity estimation increases with an increase of the size of dielectric material and that it has a positive correlation with the material permittivity. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bistability of a complex‐coupled DFB laser with TM‐mode injection
Authors: Shi Chao‐Xiang
Published: July 2007

We propose a novel method to produce optical bistability by using a complex‐coupled DFB (CC‐DFB) laser with TM‐mode injection. Because the CC‐DFB laser has good, dynamically stable operation, our proposed method is advantageous in high‐speed switching for signal processing. Polarization optical bistabilities are detailed using coupled‐mode equations and rate equations for the CC‐DFB lasers considering longitudinal hole burning and carrier‐dependent complex‐coupling coefficients. Many parameters reflecting the physical features of a complex‐coupled DFB laser are discussed. It is shown that for a CC‐DFB laser the polarization bistability induced by TM‐mode injection is much stronger for the antiphase of complex coupling than for the in phase. For the antiphase case the bistability becomes stronger if the complex‐coupled DFB laser structure is close to a pure gain grating DFB laser. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Stubbed right‐angle H‐plane waveguide bend
Authors: Lee Jae W. , Eom Hyo J. , Lee Jung H. , Yoshitomi Kuniaki
Published: July 2007

A stubbed right‐angle H‐plane waveguide bend is proposed and its solution is obtained in analytic series form. The Fourier sine transform is used in the spectral domain to obtain the transmission and reflection coefficients in fast convergent series forms. The stubbed right‐angle H‐plane waveguide bend is shown to have better transmission characteristics (wider bandwidth) than the conventional bend without a stub. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bandwidth enhancement of a metal‐semiconductor‐metal photodetector array
Authors: Liu Qing Z.
Published: July 2007

Analyses and detailed simulations of the bandwidth performance of a metal‐semiconductor‐metal photodetector (MSM‐PD) array were carried out. Based on a simple model of an array with two MSM‐PDs, analytical expressions were derived to calculate the transfer function of the array, from which the 3‐dB bandwidth of the MSM‐PD is determined. The extrinsic responses of the 1 × 8 MSM‐PD array were examined by introducing packaging elements. It is shown that the use of bonding wires with appropriate length results in an improvement of the 3‐dB bandwidth compared to that of the intrinsic MSM‐PD array. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effective permittivity of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with various thicknesses of substrates
Authors: Kara Mehmet
Published: July 2007

A new expression has been developed for calculating the‐effective permittivity of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with various thicknesses of substrates. This technique is original, simple, and easily adaptable to a wide variety of dielectric materials, scalable over wide frequency ranges, and included in a CAD system. The results obtained from this technique confirm those calculated from formulas reported elsewhere. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An open resonator in the microwave region: Experimental results
Authors: Massa Guiseppe Di , Masullo Maria Rosaria
Published: July 2007

Experimental results for an open resonator fed by a rectangular waveguide in the 18–20‐GHz frequency band are presented. The data are compared with theoretical results arising from the mode‐matching approach to the problem to give a simple equivalent circuit. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Formulation for the prediction of varactor tuning of a waveguide cavity oscillator
Authors: Lazarus M. J.
Published: July 2007

A formula is derived from first principles, which enables the shape of the varactor tuning curve to be predicted for a waveguide‐cavity Gunn‐diode oscillator. Only three parameters for the varactor / oscillator structure are required to compute the tuning curve throughout the desired operating region. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Splice loss analysis of two nonidentical single‐mode slab waveguides with simultaneous tilt and offset misalignments
Authors: Wang Zi Hua
Published: July 2007

By using the Gaussian approximation of the fundamental mode of a symmetric slab waveguide, the splice losses due to simultaneous tilt, offset, and waveguide‐parameter mismatch of single‐mode slab waveguides have been calculated. Very simple formulas have been derived, and numerical examples have been given. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optically tunable microwave attenuator using a quarter‐wave microstrip coupler
Authors: Haidar Jihad , Vilcot Anne , Bouthinon Michel
Published: July 2007

We describe an optically controlled microwave attenuator based on a microstrip reverse directional coupler where optical illumination modifies the loads at the coupling and transmission ports. A tunable attenuation up to 10 dB was measured at the center frequency. Experimental and theoretical results are compared and agree well. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Characterization of coupled cylindrical microstrip lines mounted inside a ground cylinder
Authors: Chen Hua‐Ming , Wong Kin‐Lu
Published: July 2007

A rigorous full‐wave analysis of coupled cylindrical microstrip lines mounted inside a ground cylinder is described. Numerical results showing the frequency‐dependent characteristics of the effective relative permittivity and the characteristic impedance of the coupled lines are presented. Both the even‐ and odd‐mode cases are considered, and the effects of curvature variation and the line separation on the characteristics of such cylindrical coupled microstrip lines are discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optical implementation of learning vector quantizer and pattern recognition
Authors: Wang Ning , Liu Liren , Liang Feng
Published: July 2007

We use a normalized pattern spectrum to construct an image feature vector. In addition, we set up an optical learning vector quantizer to execute real‐time image feature vector classification. On the base, shift‐and rotation‐invariant pattern recognition can be achieved. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reversible nitrous oxide–induced myeloneuropathy with pernicious anemia: Case report and literature review
Authors: Singer Mike A. , Lazaridis Christos , Nations Sharon P. , Wolfe Gil I.
Published: July 2007

A previously healthy 27‐year‐old woman developed a subacute myeloneuropathy after receiving nitrous oxide anesthesia for dental procedures. Neurologic evaluation revealed that she was vitamin B12 deficient due to underlying pernicious anemia. Discontinuation of nitrous oxide and supplementation with vitamin B12 resulted in dramatic clinical improvement, with near‐complete normalization of her neurologic examination. This case and published reports reviewed here emphasize that favorable outcomes are possible following prompt recognition and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Skin friction features of drilled CIP piles in sand from pile segment analysis
Authors: Lee Sungjune , Long James H.
Published: July 2007

Numerical pile segment analysis is conducted in this study with an advanced soil model to investigate the skin friction behaviour of a drilled Cast‐In‐Place (CIP) pile installed in sand. Although the interface between the sand and pile is considered rough, thin elements adjacent to the pile are used to include effects of localized shear.

Unit weights of fluid concrete and accompanied changes in stress are considered as the effects of pile installation. Changes in effective stresses are the most prominent effect due to pile installation with a change in direction of the major principal stress from the vertical to the radial direction.

Shear behaviour of the sand at the interface during the early shear stage is related to the contractive tendency of the sand at small strain levels. Changes in the stress field around the pile with little changes in volumetric strain take place during the early shear stage. Stress redistributions during the early shear stage depend on the direction of the major principal stress before shear.

Results of the pile segment analyses for drilled CIP piles show good agreement with design methods. Parametric studies are used to characterize the effects of sand density and pile diameter on the skin friction behaviour of drilled CIP piles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
State governments' growing gains from TQM
Authors: Kline James J.
Published: July 2007

Total quality management is spreading at an unprecedented rate in both the public and private sectors. The adoption of TQM is a practical response to the forces that are pushing both the public and private sectors to change their management philosophy and approach. State governments, in particular, are finding that the support and options of TQM provides them with multiple benefits. Among them are general public support, protection of their economic base, in‐kind support from the private sector, and increased efficiency.
How to take multiple measures to get a complete picture of organizational performance
Authors: Provost Lloyd , Leddick Susan
Published: July 2007

By drawing together a set of measurements of the organization from the perspectives of its various stakeholders—customers, employees, stockholders, owners, suppliers, and communities—an organization can avoid the shortsightedness that often results from focusing on a single measure of success. With a family of measures, the impact of changes to the organization can be studied at once from the point of view of all stakeholders, thus ensuring a holistic understanding of organizational health and performance.

This article explains the concept of a family of measures; provides examples from manufacturing and service organizations; and addresses a number of considerations about developing, displaying, and using the set of measures to improve management planning and decision making.
Managing for quality: Current differences between japanese and american approaches
Authors: Rogers Rolf E.
Published: July 2007

How do Japanese managerial practices compare with those found in U.S. corporations? As firms in Japan and the United States strive for total quality, they are learning to tap the best management techniques from both the East and West.
The ultimate customer‐supplier relationship at Bose, Honeywell, and AT&T
Authors: Stein Martin M.
Published: July 2007

A creative new partnership between customers and suppliers has evolved at Bose Corporation. The key to this new relationship is an in‐plant representative who takes on the roles of buyer, salesperson, and production planner. As an empowered facilitator, this in‐plant worker can help develop greater rapport between the supplier and customer company employees. This article details how Bose, Honeywell, and AT&T have been able to save money and make productivity improvements by merging the voice of the customer with the voice of the employee.
Preventing TQM problems: Measured steps toward customer‐driven quality improvement
Authors: Goodman John A. , Broetzmann Scott M. , Ward Dianne S.
Published: July 2007

Quality‐improvement initiatives are a hallmark of today's progressive management. Many companies that have spent a lot of time and money on such programs, however, have few tangible results to show for their expenditures. The root of this problem lies not with the premise of quality improvement, but with errors in setting priorities and measurement.

An effective quality‐improvement process relies on three building blocks: (1) quantifying the bottom‐line impact of poor quality and customer problems; (2) identifying quality priorities on the basis of market/revenue impact; and (3) continuously measuring performance in each priority area and having top management review the results. This article identifies the pitfalls in executing these activities and suggests a method for supporting a customer‐driven quality‐improvement process.
CIGNA loss control services: Developing and realizing strategy through internal business partners
Authors: Baran John , Jenaway Bill
Published: July 2007

This article details the recent history of CIGNA's Property & Casualty Division and its restructuring efforts intended to better identify and serve its external customers. The Loss Control Services (LCS) organization is a strong example of one of the division's internal service providers. The article explains loss control services within an insurance operation, then outlines CIGNA'S LCS efforts to keep pace with change and to continually improve for the benefit of its internal—and ultimately, CIGNA's external—customers.
Early steps on the road to quality at quaker chemical
Authors: Dolich Ira R. , Frick Matthew K. , Wolring Jan
Published: July 2007

Stripped of all jargon, TQM programs can flourish only when senior management is involved in the continuous improvement process and the process is inextricably tied to the company's strategy. Over the past several years, Quaker Chemical Corporation has taken very important first steps to realize these aims. A i this juncture, the firm characterizes its efforts as being “at the end of the beginning” of a never‐ending journey.
Three groups at boeing zero in on performance measurement
Authors: Carr J. T.
Published: July 2007

How are you measuring performance? Are you measuring the right things? The three case studies presented here measure leadership performance, focusing specifically on productivity. The message is twofold. First, performance criteria can be standardized for both management and staff. The difference is in what and how it is measured. Second, productivity— in terms of knowing the processes or steps, and using techniques such as simplicity—is neither well‐understood nor included as part of most performance measures.
Integrating a baldrige approach into a sales district's management system
Authors: Cortada James W.
Published: July 2007

The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award criteria have become the defacto business model for thousands of companies, particularly in the sectors of business concerned with services. This article offers a model for how sales organizations can begin implementing quality principles by using the Baldrige criteria as an assessment process and measurement system. It also describes specific lessons learned and problems to expect, and outlines areas for further research.
The pharaoh syndrome and the challenge of public‐sector productivity
Authors: Halachmi Arie
Published: July 2007

Although various reports have focused on what needs to be done to make government more productive, very little attention has been paid to the process or to the question, How can executives make government more productive? This article addresses some elements of the public productivity challenge, in particular those that public managers can address in order to make a difference.

Public employees often suffer the effects of the “Pharaoh Syndrome”— that is, they are usually blamed when top officials cannot or will not meet public demands. To avoid this counterproductive situation, government agencies must be transformed into learning organizations that reduce burnout and can prepare staff for potential reinventing or reengineering.
Improving patient care and organizational health in good samaritan hospital's orthopedic unit
Authors: Womack Judy L. , Wasyk Carol S. , Conner Marilyn
Published: July 2007

Identifying a framework to achieve quality improvements is essential for any business. This article describes a flexible yet practical approach used at Good Samaritan Hospital, a 500‐bed acule care teaching institution in Dayton, Ohio. The case study tracks the hospital's efforts to improve performance in the processes used to care for orthopedic joint replacement patients before, during, and after surgery. The lessons learned at Good Samaritan can be applied to any organizational selling.
In pursuit of benchmarking excellence: The texas instruments story
Authors: Baker William H.
Published: July 2007

In 1990, when Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) Defense Systems and Electronics Group (DSEG) managers assessed themselves using the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award criteria, they found that they needed a concerted approach to benchmarking. This article outlines the pursuit of excellence in benchmarking that resulted in TI/DSEG's receipt of the prestigious 1994 Award for Excellence Silver Award from the International Benchmarking Clearinghouse.
How quality‐oriented have state and local governments really become?
Authors: Milakovich Michael E.
Published: July 2007

When considering the implementation of quality‐improvement (QI) strategies, public‐sector organizations must grapple with a host of economic and political concerns that do not generally affect their privatesector counterparts. This article examines the diffusion of quality initiatives in state and local governments within the context of several models of change. It also discusses the role of leadership and employee empowerment in removing barriers to high performance in the public sector.
Restructuring the purpose of IT in an organization
Authors: Petrozzo Daniel P.
Published: July 2007

The world has changed dramatically for the central information technology (IT) organization. This one‐time corporate house of power is finding it difficult to adjust to the demands imposed by the new marketplace. This article explores why IT is having such a hard time, what the future may hold, and what the corporate manager needs to do to help create a new environment in which the IT department is an active partner in helping the organization realize its goals.
“It's customer loyalty, stupid”: Nurturing and measuring what really matters
Authors: Bhote Keki R.
Published: July 2007

For the last ten years, companies have focused on customer satisfaction that will eventually lead to profit improvement. But the results have been disappointing. An emphasis on customer satisfaction is not enough to ensure success. Customer loyalty should factor far more prominently in the equation. This article details a dozen principles that work to nurture customer loyalty and focuses on various methods of measuring both customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. It also explains how organizations can establish a single parameter reflecting customer satisfaction and/ or customer loyalty.
How to implement successful work teams: Learning from the frigidaire experience
Authors: Reiste Kristin K. , Hubrich Al
Published: July 2007

Much has been written about the value of work teams. Yet many firms remain reluctant to implement them. This article details how one plant laid down a thorough groundwork for ensuring team success and offers eight guidelines for avoiding obstacles that might hinder the team‐building process.