bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Alpha-Tocopherol Supplementation in TCM199 Medium on In Vitro Maturation and Cleavage of Buffalo Oocytes
Authors: . Vijayalakshmi , Kulkarni Shrikant , Sathisha KB , Yathish HM , Girish MH , Kumar GS Naveen , Bijurkar RG , . Ambadas , . Yogesh , Kartikesh SM
Published: December 2020

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of supplementing α-tocopherol at two different concentrations to the in vitro maturation (IVM) medium (TCM 199 culture medium) on in vitro maturation and cleavage of buffalo oocytes. Ovaries were collected from local slaughter house. Oocytes were collected by aspiration method and were matured in IVM medium (T0, control), IVM medium supplemented with α-tocopherol @ 10 μg/ml (T1) and IVM medium supplemented with α-tocopherol @ 20 μg/ml (T2). The mean cytoplasmic maturation rate was 82.39 ± 0.81, 88.81 ± 1.08, 81.67 ± 1.82 % and nuclear maturation rate was 62.50 ± 8.33, 87.50 ± 5.59, 66.66 ± 7.68 % in T0, T1 and T2 groups, respectively. The fertilized oocytes reaching 2-cell and 4-cell stages of cleavage for T0, T1 and T2 groups were 14.92 ± 1.52, 32.39 ± 1.01 and 16.39 ± 1.25 %, respectively. Significantly (p less than 0.05) higher level of cytoplasmic maturation rate, nuclear maturation rate and cleavage rate was observed in IVM medium supplemented with α-tocopherol @10 μg/ml than other two groups.
Clinico-Therapeutic Management of Impacted Colic in a Donkey
Authors: Ajabe JS , Siddiqui MFMF , Borikar ST , Shaikh SR
Published: December 2020

Colic is defined as pain originated from the gastro-intestinal tract. It causes the most serious condition in horses and donkeys, which result in severe abdominal pain and discomfort (Radostits et al., 2007). It occurs in all animals, but it is most common in equines due to anatomical configurations. Equines are monogastric animals with hindgut fermenters in which digestion of fiber takes place physiologically in cecum and colon, and it provides major energy source. One of the most important key factors of colic is retropulsive peristalsis of ingesta in large intestine close to the narrow pelvic flexure causing impaction (Argenzio, 1975). The clinical symptoms in donkeys are less marked as compared to the horses. Dullness is the most important clinical symptom observed in colic, but other symptoms observed are rare as compared to horses, like laying down, pawing, sweating, rolling on the ground etc (Donkey sanctuary, 2014). Diagnosis of colic is multidimensional (Temesgen and Fasika, 2018) and it is treated medically and surgically as early as possible to get rid from severe pain. This paper reports a rare case of colic and its medical management in a donkey.
Prevailing Housing and Healthcare Management Practices in Urban and Peri-Urban Dairy Farms of Navsari District, Gujarat State
Authors: Rajpura L. M. , Rathva AL
Published: December 2020

Personal interviews collected the required information from a total of 40 dairy farms from urban and peri-urban areas in and around Navsari. Frequency distribution was made from collected data, and significance between two categories was tested by the Chi-square test. Data revealed that all farms provided housing round the year. The majority of the sheds had cement type of pillars and pucca floor. Gabled roof was more popular in peri-urban areas. The majority of the farms had animal shed away from human dwelling, east-west directional, a double row with head to head. The majority of the sheds had adequate light and good ventilation with drainage facility and manure pit located at an adjacent distance. The majority of farms (90%) practiced regular vaccination to their animals against foot and mouth disease and hemorrhagic Septicaemia disease. The majority (82.5%) of the respondents practiced deworming of their dairy animals regularly and also followed practices to control ectoparasites. However, only 37.5% of the farmers got their sick animals treated by veterinary officers, and 40% of farmers segregate disease affected animals. The study concluded that the majority of the farmers followed housing and health care management practices for improving the production potential and health of the dairy animals.
Adoption of Green Fodder Production Practices in Watersheds of Bidar District, Karnataka
Authors: Rathod Prakash Kumar , Javeed Md. Arif , Veeranna KC , Thirumalesh T , Gopala GT , Biradar Channappagouda
Published: December 2020

An ex-post-facto study was conducted to know the adoption status of green fodder production, reasons for adoption or non-adoption, and constraints faced by using a pretested interview schedule through personal interview method. The study involved 120 respondents of Bidar District , Karnataka, which revealed that the majority of the respondents were non-adopters of fodder production practices followed by adopters (38%). Although this adoption seems to be low, it should be further noted that the status of fodder adoption had improved over the period, which might be due to the implementation of KWDP-Sujala-III project activities in the study area. Further, this study has also focused on the reasons for adoption, non-adoption, and discontinuation of fodder production practices. The study also revealed that farmers faced constraints like scarcity of water, non-availability of inputs, lack of knowledge, etc. in the study area. The study concluded that there is a need to maximize participatory demonstrations and capacity building programs to make the farmers adopt fodder production practices through need-based and demand-driven research and extension approaches for improved dairy production.
Adoption of Breeding and Calf Rearing Practices in Modern Dairy Farms of Gujarat
Authors: Sorathiya LM , Gadhavi DN , Rathva AL
Published: December 2020

A study was carried out to compare the breeding and calf rearing practices of modern specialized dairy farms of north and south Gujarat. The data was collected from ten specialized dairy farms, each from the north and south Gujarat. The study revealed that farms of the southern region mostly reared buffaloes, which relied on natural service, whereas northern farms mostly reared cows, and AI was more popular. Around 22.2 and 16.7% of dairy farms preferred pedigreed and sex-sorted semen from the private sector, respectively. Most of the dairy farms (60%) purchased frozen semen doses from the co-operative sector. About 20% of dairy farms used sex-sorted semen at the price of Rs. 2100-3000 per dose. One farm from the north and another one from south were using Delaval® heat detector system. The majority (75%) of the dairy farms adopted the practice of colostrum feeding by allowing for natural suckling. The majority (70%) of the dairy farms provided first colostrum feeding within 2 to 4 hours of calf birth. Some dairy farms (20%) possessed individual calf boxes. From the research finding, it can be concluded that artificial insemination was more famous in north Gujarat. Many specialized dairy farms of north Gujarat were adopting most advanced breeding practices by the use of sex-sorted and pedigreed semen of private companies to produce an offspring of the desired sex, high milk yielding potential and healthy one.
Factors Affecting Conception Rate in AI Bred Cattle under Field Conditions of Maharashtra
Authors: Potdar VV , Joshi Sachin , Swaminathan Marimuthu
Published: December 2020

Data on 98336 artificial inseminations (AI) performed during 6 years (January 2010 to November 2015) on 56037 field animals owned by 29097 farmers’ from 44 cattle development centres spread across two districts of Maharashtra state were collected and analyzed. Whole data set was classified according to districts (Beed, Jalgaon), economic status of farmers (APL, BPL), animal breed (HF cross, Indigenous, Jersey cross, Non-descript), parity of animal (heifer, first, second, third, fourth, fifth calvers), animal body condition score (no rib exposed, one rib exposed, two ribs exposed, three ribs exposed), heat stage (early, mid, late), season of AI (rainy-June to September, winter-October to January, summer-February to May), bull breed used for AI ( HF, HF crossbreed, Jersey, Jersey crossbreed, Indigenous), AI sequence number (1,2,3) and AI Year (2010 to 2015). Least square analysis was used to compute conception rate. The results revealed overall mean conception rate as 46.2 ± 0.51% and it was significantly (p les than 0.01) higher in Beed district, Jersey crossbreed animals, animals having fourth parity, animals exhibiting one rib exposed, early heat and animals inseminated with Indigenous breed bulls semen, first AI sequence number and during the year 2015 compared with respective groups of parameters under study. However, effect of season of AI and economic condition of farmers did not affect conception rate in animals under field conditions of Maharashtra.
Relative Gene Expression Study on Casein Protein and its Regulatory Genes in Mammary Epithelial Cells of Surti Goat
Authors: Janmeda Mamta , Pandya Gaurav , Ramani Umed , Brahmkshtri Balkrushna , Patel Navin , Kharadi Vishnu
Published: December 2020

This investigation was carried out to study the relative gene expression of casein proteins and its regulatory genes in mammary epithelial cells of Surti goats at 30 and 90 days interval postpartum. 10 healthy Surti goats were selected from Livestock Research Station, Navsari. The non-invasive method was used for the isolation of Mammary Epithelial Cells (MEC) from goat milk samples. The relative gene expression of CSN1S1 (αs1-casein), CSN1S2 (αs2-casein), CSN2 (β-casein), CSN3 (κ-casein) and its regulatory genes C/EBP and STAT5A genes and KRT14 (epithelial cell marker) gene were studied in MEC. The relative gene expression of CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN3 and C/EBP genes were significantly up-regulated with the advancement of lactation at 90 days postpartum. The relative gene expression of CSN2 was highly significant and had a positive correlation with its regulatory genes C/EBP and STAT5A at 30 days and 90 days, respectively. The relative gene expression of CSN1S2, CSN3, and C/EBP genes was positively correlated with protein percent at 30 days and 90 days postpartum in Surti goats.
Ischaemic Necrosis of Pinnae in a Dachshund Dog – A Report
Authors: Unny N Madhavan , Nath MR Krishna , Pillai Usha Narayan
Published: December 2020

Ischaemic necrosis or thrombo-vascular necrosis of pinnae or pinnal margin vasculopathy is a slowly progressive idiopathic syndrome characterized by wedge-shaped devitalization and necrosis of the distal pinnae. It may occur either in unilateral or bilateral forms, bilateral affection being more common. Initially, an erythematous swelling and discoloration may be noted in the center of the medial aspect towards the apex of pinnae. Later, a necrotic ulcer may be seen in the center of the lesion, progressing to exudation and hemorrhage. In chronic cases, the areas of ulceration undergo complete necrosis resulting in deformity. Although there is no age, sex, and breed predisposition, certain breeds like Dachshunds and Chihuahuas are commonly affected (Morris et al., 2013; Nuttall et al., 2005). This communication reports a case of ischaemic necrosis of pinnae in a Dachshund dog with its successful clinical management.
Effect of Herbal, Homeopathic and Hormonal Drug on Hematology, Ovarian Cyclicity and Conception Rate in Postpartum Anoestrus Cows
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Jitendra , Srivastava Sushant
Published: December 2020

The study was designed to assess the effect of herbal, homeopathic, and hormonal drugs namely Janova, Sepia and GnRH-PG-GnRH on hematological parameters, resumption of ovarian cyclicity and conception rate in 40 postpartum anoestrus and 8 normal cyclic cows. The anoestrus cows were randomly divided into five groups as G0, GI, GII, GIII, GIV; 8 cows in each group. Group G0 (untreated anoestrus) and GV (normal cyclic cows) served as positive and negative control, respectively. All cows in GI, GII, GIII and GIV were subjected to dewormer and mineral mixture supplementation for 10 days, while group GII, GIII, and GIV were additionally treated with Janova (herbal heat inducer), Sepia (a homeopathic drug) and GnRH-PG-GnRH (Ovsynch) protocol, respectively. Different therapeutic protocols revealed variable and significant effects on most of the hematological parameters, except differential leucocyte count, before and after treatment. The values were also significantly higher in normal cyclic than anoestrus groups. The oestrus induction response in G0, GI, GII, GIII, GIV, and GV was 0.00, 50.00, 62.50, 75.00, 87.50, and 100.00 %, and corresponding overall conception rates of 3 cycles were 0.00, 75.00, 80.00, 66.66, 57.13 and 75.00 %, respectively. In conclusion, aforesaid therapeutic regimens have definite bearings on oestrus induction as well as on conception and can be used to manage postpartum anoestrus in cows.
Role of Gd addition on machinability of Al-15%Mg2Si in-situ composite during dry turning
Authors: Nanda Is Prima , Ghandvar Hamidreza , Idris Mohd Hasbullah , Hanif Auliya , Arafat Andril
Published: December 2020

Recently, Al-Mg2Si in-situ composites have achieved considerable attention due to their excellent physical and mechanical properties. In fact, there are some limitations of knowledge regarding the machinability characteristics of these composites - particularly when being inoculated with rare earth additions. This study in turn aimed to investigate the influence of machining parameters as well as Gd addition on the machinability of Al-15%Mg2Si composite. To examine the effect of modifier (1.0 wt. % Gd) and machining parameters (feed rate, cutting speed), microstructural evolution, surface roughness (Ra) and cutting force (Fc) were evaluated during dry turning. The results revealed that Gd addition as modifier element led to better surface roughness and higher cutting force owning to the modification of Mg2Si particle structure as well as the formation of Gd intermetallic compounds.
Techno-economic analysis for the production of LaNi5 particles
Authors: Nandiyanto Asep Bayu Dani , Maulana Muhammad Irfansyah , Raharjo Jarot , Sunarya Yayan , Minghat Asnul Dahar
Published: December 2020

LaNi5 is widely used in various applications. Many methods to produce LaNi5 particles have been reported but information for the large-scale production, so far, is less available. This study aimed to evaluate the project for the production of LaNi5 particles using combustion-reduction (CR) and co-precipitation-reduction (CPR) methods based on engineering and economic perspective. Engineering evaluation was conducted by evaluating the CR and CPR processes from stoichiometry. For the economic evaluation, several economic parameters were calculated in the ideal condition including gross profit margin (GPM), payback period (PBP), break-even point (BEP), cumulative net present value (CNPV), profitability index (PI), internal rate return (IRR), and return on investment (ROI). For the worst cases in the project, it was done by calculating both the internal problems (i.e., raw materials, sales, utility, labor, employee, fixed cost, variable cost, and production capacity) and the external issues (i.e., taxes and subsidiaries). The engineering analysis provided the information that CR and CPR projects are prospective for being able to be done using commercial apparatuses. The economic analysis from GPM, PBP, BEP, CNPV, and PI showed the positive results, while IRR and ROI showed the negative ones, indicating that the projects are acceptable for large-scale production, but it seems to be less attractive for industrial investors. The analysis also confirmed that the CR process was more prospective than the CPR process. This work has demonstrated the important of the projects for further developments.
Production of silver nanoparticles via green method using banana raja peel extract as a reducing agent
Authors: Chafidz Achmad , Afandi Amira Rahmani , Rosa Bunga Mela , Hidayat Pratikno , Junaedi Harri
Published: December 2020

In this study, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extract of a local banana peel (variant name: Raja) as bio-reductor was carried out. This study aimed to determine the effect of two different ratios of Banana Peel Extract (BPE)/distilled water on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The two of BPE/water ratios were 1% (v/v) and 5%(v/v), named as Sample A and Sample B, respectively. Whereas, the concentrations of AgNO3 solution as the precursor were varied as follows: 0.125; 0.1; 0.075; and 0.05 M. The synthesized colloidal silver nanoparticles were characterized using a UV-Vis spectrometer, while the BPE solution was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) to study its functional groups. While, the solid silver nanoparticles was characterized using a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with an Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The UV-Vis spectrometer results qualitatively showed that sample A produced better silver nanoparticles than that of sample B. All samples showed absorbance peaks at wavelength of 450 nm. It was found that the highest absorbance value (i.e. 1.59) occurred at sample A with a concentration of AgNO3 solution 0.1 M. Additionally, FT-IR analysis result showed the presence of a hydroxyl group specifically for alcohols as phenols, which indicated the possibility of polyphenol compounds. The SEM micrograph showed that some of the silver nanoparticles were in the shape of tetrahedron or triangular like particle and spherical The SEM image analysis results using ImageJ software showed that most of the silver nanoparticles produced had the size of 100-300 nm. Furthermore, the EDX analysis result showed a peak count at 3 keV, which confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles.
Evaluasi Kandungan Nutrien dan Antinutrien Tepung Daun Kelor Terfermentasi sebagai Bahan Baku Pakan Ikan
Authors: Helmiati Senny , Rustadi Rustadi , Isnansetyo Alim , Zulprizal Zulprizal
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kandungan nutrien dan antinutrien tepung daun kelor terfermentasi sebagai sumber protein nabati pakan ikan. Tahap penelitian meliputi pembuatan tepung daun kelor, persiapan dan penghitungan kepadatan bakteri, proses fermentasi, dan analisis kandungan nutrien dan antinutriennya. Bakteri yang digunakan untuk fermentasi merupakan campuran bakteri T2A (Bacillus sp.), T3P1 (Bacillus sp.) dan JAL11 (Lactococcus raffinolactis) dengan kepadatan sebesar 2,16x109 cfu/mL. Fermentasi tepung daun kelor dilakukan selama 168 jam. Analisis kandungan nutrien dan zat antinutrien tepung daun kelor terfermentasi dilakukan pada jam ke-24, ke-48, ke-72, ke-96, ke-120, ke-144 dan ke-168. Kandungan nutrien tepung daun kelor meliputi kadar air (9,04±0,00%), abu (9,70±0,21%), protein (25,77±0,08%), lemak (4,80±0,52%), serat kasar (11,60±0,13%), bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (39,06±0,52%), energi (351,27±3,27 kkal/00 g), hemiselulosa (13,79±0,07%), selulosa (9,9±0,06%) dan lignin (15,34±0,31%). Fermentasi dapat meningkatkan kadar air, abu, protein dan lemak, serta menurunkan kadar serat kasar, bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen, hemiselulosa, selulosa, lignin dan antinutrien, antara lain fenol, tanin, asam fitat dan HCN. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fermentasi dapat meningkatkan kandungan nutrien dan menurunkan kandungan antinutrien tepung daun kelor, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai sumber protein nabati pada bahan baku pakan ikan.
Pengaruh Padat Tebar dan Penggunaan Injektor Venturi terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan Udang (Litopenaeus Vannamei) dalam Bak Beton
Authors: Novriadi Romi , Alfitri Khoirun Nisa , Supriyanto Supriyanto , Kurniawan Rudy , Deendarlianto Deendarlianto , Rustadi Rustadi , Wiratni Wiratni , Rahardjo Sinung
Published: December 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan evaluasi terhadap efek dari perlakuan padat tebar yang berbeda dan penggunaan injektor venture terhadap laju pertumbuhan udang Litopenaeus vannamei yang dipelihara di bak beton. Udang Vannamei (berat awal 0,3 ± 0,07 g) dimasukkan ke dalam 32 bak pemeliharaan dengan ukuran 8x8x1 m dengan padat tebar 300, 400, 500, 600 udang m-2 dan masing-masing padat tebar memiliki delapan pengulangan. Untuk pengamatan injektor venturi, dilakukan di dua kepadatan berbeda yakni 300 dan 600 udang m-2 dengan memasang injektor venturi masing-masing di tiga bak pengamatan dan dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Jumlah pakan yang diberikan ditentukan terlebih dahulu berdasarkan asumsi pertambahan berat udang Vannamei 1 g per minggu, rasio konversi pakan (FCR) 1,4 dan kematian mingguan sebanyak 3 %. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi negatif antara peningkatan padat tebar dengan laju pertumbuhan udang. Berat akhir udang berada di kisaran 13,0±0,2, 11,6±0,5, 10,3±0,4 dan 9,3±1,0 g untuk padat tebar 300, 400, 500, dan 600 udang m-2. Laju pertambahan berat harian berada di kisaran 0,14±0,02 – 0,17±0,02 g dan semakin membaik ketika pada tebar diturunkan (P<0,05). Sementara, tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata untuk parameter FCR dan tingkat kelulushidupan udang (P<0,05). Injektor venturi dapat meningkatkan produktivitas produksi sebesar 6,63±0,094% untuk kepadatan 600 udang m-2 dan 7,97±0,054% untuk kepadatan 300 udang m-2 dibandingkan bak kontrol. Selama masa produksi, tidak ada pengaruh nyata untuk penggunaan empat padat tebar berbeda terhadap kondisi kualitas air media pemeliharaan dan tidak ada insiden munculnya wabah penyakit.
Acquisition of Email Service Based Android Using NIST
Authors: Umar Rusydi , Riadi Imam , Muthohirin Bashor Fauzan
Published: December 2020

Email is one of the results of the development of information and communication technology. Email is widely used to exchange information by sending and receiving data, such as document files, images, correspondence and others. With the development of technology and information causing crimes in communicating also growing, the perpetrators of cyber crime commonly referred to as cybercrime. Any crime committed by cybercrime will surely leave the evidence, in this study will make the acquisition of android-based email using the method of national institute of standards and technology (NIST). The results obtained IP address of the sender's email header as digital evidence.
The Antithesis of Law and Grace. Christian View of Law as a Regulatory System (Based on the Philosophical Heritage of B.P. Vysheslavtsev and S.L. Frank)
Authors:   Irina Yu. Kulyaskina Amur State University, Kulyaskina Irina Yu.
Published: December 2020

The article interprets the Christian antithesis of Law and Grace, implemented by the Russian religious philosophers B.P. Vysheslavtsev and S.L. Frank. Based on the statements of Paul the Apostle and having translated the theological problem into the language of religious philosophy, they expanded the scope of the antithesis. Having moved away from its traditional interpretation as a contrast between the Old Testament and New Testament value systems, Russian philosophers saw in it the problem of the limits of application and effectiveness of any means of external forced regulation of people's behavior and solved this problem dialectically. Understanding the Law as the totality of imperative means from law to morality, Vysheslavtsev and Frank revealed their ontological conditionality. They showed that, on the one hand, external regulation of human behavior is necessary in the conditions of the “fallen world”, and on the other hand, they pointed out its insufficient effectiveness: the use of force in the fight against evil can only limit it, but cannot eradicate it. Contrasting the Law with Grace, by which Russian religious philosophers understand a special kind of influence of God on the human soul, they emphasize that faith is the condition for a gracious action. The action of Grace, replacing the action of legal and moral compulsion, changes the inner world of a person, gives rise to a free desire to do “good deeds”. Vysheslavtsev and Frank made a conclusion that has universal significance: forced rationing of life never reaches its goal, and the desire to eradicate evil without changing the inner world of people should be recognized as utopian.
Agotamiento Emocional en estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud
Authors: Barreto Osama Doris , Salazar Blanco Henry Augusto
Published: December 2020

Introducción: El Agotamiento Emocional (AE) es la disminución de energía, sentimiento de desgaste emocional y físico, asociados a una sensación de frustración y fracaso. Los estudiantes universitarios experimentan situaciones que conjugan diversos elementos estresores. Objetivo: Describir el AE en estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud en instituciones de educación superior (IES) de la ciudad de Bucaramanga – Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo que siguió un diseño flexible de tipo descriptivo interpretativo, articulado al análisis de contenido. Se realizaron 175 entrevistas abiertas de forma consentida y voluntaria. Resultados: Se encontraron tres categorías con sus respectivas subcategorías: agotamiento emocional (consecuencias fisiológicas y psicológicas), dificultades asociadas (académicas, socio-familiares), estrategias de afrontamiento (activas y resolutivas, pasivas y negativas). Conclusiones: Los estudiantes experimentan el AE, hecho que repercute en su salud física y mental, disminución del desempeño académico y afectación en la vida familiar y social. Las estrategias de afrontamiento para algunos de ellos, son de carácter resolutivo, mientras que para otros son de tipo negativo. El AE puede ser mitigado con estrategias de prevención y apoyo psicosocial.
Uso de sensores inerciales en fisioterapia: Una aproximación a procesos de evaluación del movimiento humano
Authors: Castellanos-Ruíz Julialba , Montealegre-Mesa Lina María , Martínez-Toro Brahian Daniel , Gallo-Serna Juan José , Almanza-Fuentes Osvaldo
Published: December 2020

Introducción: Los sensores inerciales o unidad de medición inercial (IMU) del inglés Inertial measurement unit, son pequeños dispositivos capaces de medir la aceleración lineal y la velocidad angular, siendo útiles en el área de la salud para la cuantificación y valoración objetiva del movimiento corporal humano. Objetivo: Analizar la información sobre el uso de sensores inerciales como una aproximación a los procesos de evaluación del movimiento corporal humano. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó búsqueda en bases de datos, empleando términos: sensores inerciales, salud, fisioterapia, acelerómetro, actividad física, movimiento y rehabilitación, y sus combinaciones. Como criterios de exclusión se tuvo: artículos exclusivos del campo de ingeniería con información no aplicable a fisioterapia. Resultados: Una IMU es compatible con aplicaciones (APP), con el objetivo de obtener datos de movimiento tridimensionales y como evaluación e intervención, o que permita cuantificar los resultados de la acción motora. Conclusiones: Las IMU tienen amplias posibilidades en áreas afines a la rehabilitación y otras referentes al entrenamiento y el área deportiva; por lo, cual es necesario estandarizar protocolos que permitan la medición de patrones motores que favorezcan los procesos de rehabilitación.
The African Union and Peacekeeping in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Apuuli Kasaija Phillip
Published: December 2020

Africa continues to suffer from outbreaks of conflict, with evidence pointing to an increasing number of violent armed incidents. The establishment of the African Union (AU) heralded (or so it was hoped) a new era in how African conflicts are managed and resolved. Since 2003, the AU has mandated a number of peace support operations including the African Union Mission in Burundi (AMIB), the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS), and the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), as a means to manage conflicts on the continent. In more recent times, the organization has also authorized three operations dealing with non-state armed groups namely the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), Boko Haram and the Sahel Region Jihadists. Whilst some of these peace support missions recorded successes in meeting their mandates, generally all of them faced or are facing a number of challenges including funding, and logistical inadequacies among others. At the same time, the AU’s engagement in peacekeeping in Africa has occasioned opportunities for the organization including: increasing its capacity building in the area of conflict prevention, management and resolution; adoption of initiatives like “Silencing the Guns” aimed at lessening the outbreak of conflicts; and establishing its own funding mechanisms on how to support its mandated and authorized peace support missions among others.
Peacekeeping in Foreign Policy of Japan
Authors: Dobrinskaya Olga Alexeyevna
Published: December 2020

The article analyses Japanese approach towards peacekeeping and issues associated with Japans participation in the peacekeeping operations (PKOs). It focuses on factors which influence shaping and transformation of Japans approach towards this sphere of UN activity. For the first time, Japan sent its Self-defense forces to participate in the PKO in the early 1990s and since then peacemaking has become one of the symbols of Japan's contribution to international security. Despite the significance of cooperation with the UN that the Japanese government has underlined, the indicators that characterize Japan's participation in peacekeeping remain at a low level. In the article, the author explores the causes of this phenomenon and identifies patterns that characterize the models of Japanese participation in PKO. Using the historical method and content analysis of official documents and speeches by Japans representatives the author explores the hypothesis that currently, from the point of view of the Japanese government, the issue of participation in the PKOs is important as a way to adapt the public to the expansion of the sphere of activity of the Self-defense forces, but in practice, the ruling circles seek to avoid the risks associated with the participation of the Japanese military in the PKOs, preferring to shift the focus on peace-building, financial, educational and technological contribution that Japan can make to UN operations. The concept of active pacifism promoted by Abe did not lead to a more extensive participation of the Japanese military in the PKOs. An analysis of current trends in peacekeeping suggests that the participation of Self-defense forces in PKOs will remain at a low level and will be offset by other opportunities for Japan to contribute to international peacekeeping.
Muslim Clergy vs. Authority in Contemporary Afghanistan: View from Uzbekistan
Authors: Khaydarov Abdusamat Akhatovich
Published: December 2020

Significant geopolitical changes taking place in the modern world in recent decades urge us to take a fresh look at the role of Islam and the clergy in the political processes of a number of countries of the Muslim world. This perspective is especially relevant vis--vis Afghanistan where a fierce war is being waged under the slogans of Islam for more than four decades. The purpose of this research is an in-depth study of the relationship between the state and the Muslim clergy, Islamic institutions in the development of political processes in Afghanistan since the mid-70s of the last century. The article reflects shaping of the Islamic opposition and its efforts to stand up to innovations and reforms during attempts of the Soviet stile modernization in 1978-1992, and then the efforts to democratize Afghan society, undertaken in Afghanistan since the end of 2001 with the assistance of the international community. The work is based on the study of factual historical material, a chronicle of the events of the last decade and personal observations of the author during his work in Afghanistan during the mentioned period. Analytical materials published on the pages of English and Russian mass media were used. The methodological basis of this study is the comparative historical method; the article is based on the principles of historicism, reliability and scientific objectivity. The author concludes that the conflict is based on mistakes and underestimation by the state the role and influence of the Muslim clergy and Islamic institutions of the country. It has been noted that the recently reached US - Taliban agreements, as well as the assistance of such influential players as Russia, sparkle hope for the launch of a direct inter-Afghan negotiation process, which most likely will not be as simple but thorny.
Institutional Mechanisms of the Turkish Foreign Policy: The Case of Russia - Turkey High-Level Cooperation Council
Authors: Aslanli Kenan , Akgün Birol
Published: December 2020

The article aims to examine and explore with pros and cons of High-Level (“Strategic”) Cooperation Councils (HLSCC) mechanisms in Turkish foreign policy and evaluate its effectiveness in foreign trade, foreign policy cooperation, and crisis management capacity of Turkey concerning the relations with Russia. Turkey has already started to establish High-Level Cooperation Councils to build institutional infrastructure for strategic partnerships in foreign policy and strengthen institutional power in the bilateral cooperation after 2006. The study of Turkish foreign policy is an academically attractive topic mostly in terms of its geopolitical dimensions. The institutional mechanisms that enable the country to interact with other states in a dynamic regional and international environment remain less researched heretofore. The article attempts to highlight the evolution of Turkish foreign policy in terms of institutional changes in the bilateral and multilateral mechanisms. The article applies a case study method with descriptive analysis examining Councils’ functions such as foreign policy coordination and determination of collective commitments and official bilateral targets in the case of Russia - Turkey High-Level Cooperation Council. The article found out that these institutional mechanisms partly justified themselves as a coordination mechanism, but they were relatively weak for achieving the pledged commitments. The Councils were flexible and innovative cooperation mechanisms of the foreign policy to develop bilateral and multilateral ties in the age of the global power restructuring and the volatile conjuncture in world politics.
Books review: Alden, C., Alao, A., Zhang, С. & Barber, L. (Eds.). (2018). China and Africa. Building Peace and Security Cooperation on the Continent. Palgrave Macmillan, 393 p.; Hodzi, O. (2019). The End of China’s Non-Intervention Policy in Africa. Palgrave Macmillan, 266 p.
Authors: Zabella Anastasia Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2020

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“New nationalism” and the issue of nations in the interpretation of American social theorists
Authors: Gorshkov M. K. , Bagramov E. A.
Published: December 2020

The article considers the so-called new nationalism that has been developing in the United States and other Western countries since the last decades of the 20th century as a system of ideas about nations, sovereignty, racial and national relations, and also currents of nationalism. Recent forecasts of the ideologists of globalism about the inevitable departure from the political scene of nation-states, nations and nationalism are opposed by the contemporary nationalism which became a real political factor, primarily in the United States. The authors show the variety of concepts of nationalism, which allows its supporters in the United States to follow both openly chauvinistic ideas and liberal ideas of solidarity that makes up the nation. Among the reasons for the rise of nationalism, the authors consider the interaction of two trends in the public-political life - politicization of ethnicity and ethnicization (or nationalization) of politics. The authors believe that the emphasis on ethnic nation and ethnic nationalism (as opposed to civil nation and civil nationalism) reflects the exacerbation of inter-ethnic tensions in the United States and other Western countries. Based on the analysis of the new nationalism, the authors distinguish its right direction, whose supporters nominally renounce Nazism and racism but promote similar ideas, and a moderate liberal direction which often equates nationalism with patriotism. Representatives of both trends appeal to national interests and values of the nations historic core, and criticize migration policy and multiculturalism. In addition to white racism and its evolution, the article considers the scope of nationalism and patriotism of African-American movements, in particular Black Lives Matter and the results of the study of the dual consciousness of African Americans as combining the concept of nation within a nation and a new, completely American identity. Despite many American theorists idea of the absence of the American nation as such, the authors consider the concept of a new identity of the American nation, which M. Lind defines as a unity of language and culture, regardless of the racial composition, i.e. as an expression of liberal nationalism and a renewed concept of the melting pot. Lind and his colleagues believe that the factor of the current split of the American nation is not racial or ethnic confrontation (Balkanization) but the social gap between rich and poor. The authors consider the criticism of the policy of the American ruling class as a means for the sociological study of the racial problem and for the development of ways for solving it.
Existential foundations of social responsibility
Authors: Biricheva E. V.
Published: December 2020

Issues of vicarious, collective and other types of responsibility become more urgent under the growing global interconnectedness and interdependence. Since most actors are collective ones, we need a theoretical study of the grounds for social responsibility and its essential features as represented in diverse manifestations. The article considers social responsibility in terms of the existential-phenomenological approach developed by M.M. Bakhtin, J.-P. Sartre, M.K. Mamardashvili, H. Arendt, H. Blumer, etc. Social responsibility is a type of responsibility; therefore, the author searches for the most fundamental grounds of this phenomenon. This search allows to reveal the paradox of responsibility and to highlight the spatial-temporal boundariness as its most important structure that provides co-being (joint existence) with others. Everyone interplays the inner sociality when interpreting acts (deeds) are always performed in front of the Other (including I as the Other for oneself). Thus, the Other plays the key role in making responsible choices. In the existential perspective, individual responsibility serves as a necessary basis for all other forms of responsibility including vicarious, collective and social. The author presents examples of different life situations to explain the choice of such criteria as the internal unity of the group focused on the common purpose shared by all participants, and the strive for completeness for the sake of the Other without infringing the being of external others.
Cognitive form of social norms: a survey experiment
Authors: Babich N. S.
Published: December 2020

In the minds of members of society, social norms can exist in various forms. In their most general form, they are logical rules if, then. The theoretical framework most often used to study social norms is the focus theory of normative conduct which divides this logical rule into two types of norms - descriptive (the majority does this) and injunctive (I should do this). It is not known which of these three possible forms prevails (is most common or fundamental) in the minds of members of society, and this question should be answered empirically, for instance, by measuring the time of reaction to different descriptions of a social norm. If the description corresponds to the cognitive form of the norm, the reaction should be faster, since it takes less time and resources to compare and interpret wordings. The article presents the results of an experimental study of the cognitive accessibility of social norms in mass survey based on the method of split-ballot which implies the presentation of different versions of the questionnaire to randomly selected subsamples. The survey consisted of 10 questions about attitudes to social norms in a particular situation: half of situations described a common norm, half - a violation of the norm. Each situation was described in three ways: implication (if, then), common behavior, and imperative. The main measured variable was not the answers but the time for providing them. The results showed no statistically significant differences in timing of reactions to different forms of situation descriptions. Thus, the main result of the study is that three possible cognitive forms of social norms turn out to be equal, with no signs of prevalence or greater fundamentality. This can be explained in two ways: first, each cognitive form can use its own independent mechanism of actualization; second, the true cognitive form can differ from all three (for example, a non-verbal representation of actions). The choice between these two explanations requires further research.
Diversity and social cohesion in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al Oraimi S. Z.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the effects of cultural diversity on social cohesion in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The UAE is an oil-rich country established in 1971 as a federation of seven Emirates. It is a small state with a population of ten million; the citizens account only for 10% of the population. Oil wealth enables the country to achieve advanced levels of human, social and economic development. Recently, the UAE has experienced a massive social change; modernization processes have been impended on highest levels. However, due to the historical demographic structure of the local population, the UAE always depended on external labor forces. Skilled and unskilled male workers immigrate from neighboring countries; as a result, the population structure has changed. After the world economic depression in 2008, the UAE experienced a dramatic increase in the number of population. Professional workers from all over the world flowed to the country, and Dubai became a major center for the regional trade market; today, its free zones are considered the best technical base for service and logistic businesses. Today, more than 200 nationalities live in the country, and the majority of them are migrant male workers. This instable and unbalanced demographic structure created cultural domination - international cultures dominate the local one. The demographic imbalance between citizens and foreigners resulted in a kind of disharmony. Due to their feeling of being a minority, the Emiratis move from the old cities to the suburban areas, which creates many social tensions. All these circumstances affected social cohesion, communal harmony and the direct social interaction of cultural groups. To illustrate the tensions and discomforts in the UAE, the author presents the results of face-to-face interviews and a group discussion - as a critical analysis by those in the center of change.
Risk reflections as a factor for choosing forms of political participation (results of the all-Russian survey)
Authors: Aleinikov A. V. , Artemov G. P. , Pinkevich A. G.
Published: December 2020

The article focuses on the populations perception and understanding of their vulnerability to dangers, assessment of risks, threats and environmental security in the context of all these factors influence on political and social relations. The authors consider a number of issues related to the influence of social-demographic characteristics, political attitudes, level and quality of life on the perception of risks; identify social, institutional and political grounds of risk perception. The article aims at identifying the relationship between risk reflections of different social groups in the Russian society and practices of political participation. The article is based on the data of the all-Russian survey conducted in November 2019 with the support of the Resource Center of the Science Park of the Saint Petersburg State University Sociological and Internet Studies. The authors show the attitude of Russians to real actual threats, their willingness to participate in mass protests and various forms of political action. Based on the analysis of z-values, the authors show a possible relationship between the structure of real threats and the willingness of social groups to participate in political actions, and also the impact of age, profession, and income on this relationship. The authors identified groups more inclined to non-conventional political action. Their potential protest is determined not only by dissatisfaction with the level and quality of life, but also by solidarity with other groups and the desire to improve the situation.
Priorities of the student youth: Education, family, work
Authors: Nazarova I. B. , Zelenskaya M. P.
Published: December 2020

Based on the data of the survey conducted in 2018, the authors present the Russian students social ideas on possible life trajectories, including relations between young people, marriage, creating a family, birth of children, responsibility for actions in the interpersonal space, interaction with parents, education and career. The authors chose the vignettes technique based on five factors-values describing the student life trajectory. The use of the vignette technique and logistic regression allowed to prove the most significant values of students (independent variables) based on their approval of the actions of the vignette actors (a dependent variable). During the undergraduate period, getting a higher education is a priority compared to starting a family life, having a child, employment and parental support. The value of education is 2.3 times more important than the value of creating a family, and 3.1 times more important than having a child. When evaluating the vignette actions, the priority of education over family creation is more typical for boys. Marrying and creating a family during the student years are approved primarily for girls. The probability of the approval of a young man marrying or starting a family is 29%, while the approval of a girl in the same situation - 96%; childbirth is supported for both girls (30%) and boys (19%), employment - rather for girls (21%), parental support - rather for boys. Education is an absolute priority for all respondents; however, for girls during their student years a more intense life trajectory is approved - getting a higher education, starting a family life, having a child and a job or a part-time job. In the traditional perspective, family and children are an important component of womens life; however, the girl should have a modernist choice too - with a focus on career and employment.