bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Smoothed Finite Element Method: Convergence/Superconvergence Proof and Its Performance in High‐Contrast Composite Materials
Authors: Chen Yun , Liu Guirong , Cui Junzhi , Zhang Qiaofu , Wang Ziqiang
Published: December 2024

Smoothed Finite Element Method (S‐FEM) has been widely used in many engineering simulations. However, there are still a lot of theoretical problems to be solved, especially with regard to composite materials and convergence proof. Based on a novel least‐squares approximation and conservation property, we extend S‐FEM to heterogeneous materials. Firstly, the orthogonality, Softening Effect, and energy function are checked. Secondly, the interpolation error in the maximum norm is estimated in any dimension. Consequently, we get a theoretical convergence rate which has been sought since the year 2010. When restricted to one‐dimensional problems, we construct a special test function to prove the superconvergence: (1) S‐FEM flux is exact in the meaning of element‐wise integral; (2) numerical flux is exact at some point in each element; (3) physical flux can be quadratically approximated at the center of each element. At last, we present two numerical experiments: (1) conventional S‐FEM fails in high‐contrast composite materials while our new scheme performs well; (2) our flux converges quadratically.
A review of biofumigation effects with plant materials
Authors: Ji Yutong , Zhang Yi , Fang Wensheng , Li Yuan , Yan Dongdong , Cao Aocheng , Wang Qiuxia
Published: December 2024

Continuous crop cultivation has exacerbated the issue of soil‐borne diseases, positioning soil biofumigation as a promising and environmentally friendly control method. This review comprehensively assesses recent advances in the use of Brassicaceae plant materials for biofumigation, specifically focusing on their effectiveness in managing soil‐borne pests, enhancing soil fertility, improving the composition of beneficial microbial communities, and boosting crop quality and yield. It also explores the mechanisms underlying biofumigation with Brassicaceae plants, highlighting that the incorporation of exogenous myrosinase can significantly increase isothiocyanate production, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of biofumigation. Among these, plants in the Brassica genus have been studied more extensively and have demonstrated superior results. Furthermore, the potential for biofumigation using plant materials from the Liliaceae, Gramineae, Compositae, and Leguminosae etc., families is evaluated. To address the challenge of inconsistent efficacy observed with different plant materials, future research should focus on optimizing biofumigation techniques according to local conditions. Additionally, combining biofumigation with physical and chemical methods, as well as implementing rotational application strategies, may enhance overall effectiveness.
Hearing and Vestibular Impairment Related to a Variant (c.263G>C) of the COCH Gene
Authors: Alonso Aida Veiga , Aguado Rocío González , Camerano Andrea Martínez , Enseñat Julia Fernández , de la Fuente Esther Onecha , Angulo Carmelo Morales
Published: December 2024

Objective

To ascertain pathogenic variants frequency and type in the COCH gene among Cantabrian patients with nonsyndromic hereditary hearing loss (HL), and to understand their cochleovestibular manifestations.

Study Design

An observational study on patients with postlingual nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), who underwent a genetic study using next‐generation sequencing (gene panel) in the otolaryngology clinics between January 2019 and December 2023.

Setting

Referral center Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital in Santander (Spain).

Methods

A cohort of 248 otolaryngologic clinic‐referred patients suspected of genetic SNHL underwent sequencing analysis targeting 231 genes.

Results

A likely pathogenic or pathogenic variant causing HL was found in 57 (22.8%) patients. Among them, 7 (2.8%) were heterozygous carriers of the c.263G>C variant in the LCCL domain of the COCH gene, included as index cases. Subsequent familial segregation studies were performed. A total of 22 genetically and clinically studied patients were included. All but 3 family members displayed bilateral progressive SNHL starting in adulthood. Thirteen patients reported instability, but none met Meniere's disease criteria.

Conclusion

COCH gene variants are frequent in Cantabria. A variant with pathogenic evidence (c.263G>C in the LCCL domain) was detected. The phenotype observed is similar to a subgroup of patients with other variants described in the same functional domain: progressive SNHL and instability secondary to vestibular hypofunction.
American Cochlear Implant Alliance Position Statement on Newborn Congenital Cytomegalovirus Screening
Authors: Pesch Megan Honor , Brown Kevin David , Birath Amy L. , Demmler‐Harrison Gail J. , Sapp Cailtin , Selleck Anne Morgan , Sweeney Alex D.
Published: December 2024

It is estimated that 1 in every 200 US newborns has congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV). Delayed identification of cCMV in newborns precludes timely intervention to mitigate sequelae of the infection such as hearing loss and other neurological complications. Newborn testing for cCMV enables appropriate diagnosis and intervention by multidisciplinary teams to properly manage the immediate sequelae of cCMV, avoid unnecessary additional testing that can result from delayed diagnosis, and monitor for future complications. It is the position of the American Cochlear Implant Alliance, the National CMV Foundation, and the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery that universal newborn cCMV screening is necessary to best accomplish these goals.
Synovial hemangioma of the temporomandibular joint: Report of a case
Authors: Takahashi Kosuke , Suzuki Yusuke , Tajima Mai , Kasawaki Taiki , Eda Takashi , Kamei Kazutoshi
Published: December 2024

Background

Tumors of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) occur infrequently, and synovial hemangioma of the TMJ is even more rare with only two cases. Hemangiomas are benign vasoformative neoplasms or developmental conditions of endothelial origin that are found most frequently in the vertebrae and are uncommon in the jaw.

Case presentation

This case report describes an unusual case of synovial hemangioma of the right TMJ. X‐ray and computed tomography (CT) imaging showed bone resorption on the upper part of the condylar surface. The clinical diagnosis was tumor of the right TMJ, for which surgical TMJ open biopsy was performed with the patient. Infiltration of vascular endothelial cells and parietal cells was observed in the irregularly dilated lumen tissue. The final diagnosis was synovial hemangioma of the TMJ, for which surgical resection of the tumor was planned. However, since improvement of the patient's clinical symptoms was observed after the biopsy, we decided to perform conservative follow‐up.

Conclusion

Here, we presented a rare case of synovial hemangioma of the TMJ. In the present case, no recurrence was observed after biopsy and conservative follow‐up.
Differences in alveolar bone mineral density by tooth type in female osteoporotic patients treated with bisphosphonates
Authors: Kubo Ryuta , Yoshida Ryoji , Baba‐Tajiri Rui , Nakamura‐Yamada Hibiki , Miyahara Tomoya , Ooyama Toru , Inoue Junki , Hirosue Akiyuki , Kawahara Kenta , Nakamoto Masafumi , Hirayama Masatoshi , Miyamoto Takeshi , Nakayama Hideki
Published: December 2024

Aim

Rapid and straightforward screening for osteoporosis is essential. Studies have indicated a significant correlation between systemic and alveolar bone mineral density (al‐BMD). Therefore, dental radiographs, which are commonly used in dental treatments, can potentially be used to screen for osteoporosis through al‐BMD. This study evaluated the al‐BMD of teeth designated for extraction from patients receiving bisphosphonates (BPs) using DentalSCOPE®, a novel al‐BMD measurement device, and conducted preliminary analyses for future al‐BMD research.

Materials and methods

The al‐BMD of 54 female osteoporosis patients treated with BPs and 90 teeth were measured using DentalSCOPE®. Twelve healthy female adults without any dental diseases were included as controls. We analyzed the al‐BMD characteristics of each tooth type and the relationship between al‐BMD and the development of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) post‐extraction. Furthermore, we compared al‐BMD with that of healthy controls and examined the impact of periodontal disease on al‐BMD.

Results

Significant variations in the al‐BMD were observed among tooth types, with higher densities in the mandibular molars than in the premolars. Additionally, the premolar and molar densities were significantly higher than those of the maxilla. No MRONJ cases were reported during the 2‐year follow‐up period after tooth extraction. The al‐BMD values were similar between healthy adults and patients with osteoporosis. Although the al‐BMD was lower in teeth affected by periodontitis, this difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

This study revealed differences in al‐BMD among tooth types. Since al‐BMD reflects anatomical and other factors beyond actual bone mineral density, further research is needed to elucidate its association with osteoporosis and MRONJ.
Bone regeneration using three‐dimensional spheroids derived from dedifferentiated fat cells
Authors: Kishikawa Minoru , Ueda Mamoru , Yasui Kenichirou , Morikuni Hidetoshi , Hashimoto Yoshiya , Nishiura Aki
Published: December 2024

Aim

Dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells, similar to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are gaining attention owing to their minimally invasive nature. We aimed to evaluate the effects of 3D DFAT spheroids on bone regeneration by implantation into rat skull defects.

Methods

Adipose tissue was harvested from 8‐week‐old Sprague–Dawley rats, and DFAT was prepared using the ceiling culture method. DFAT was seeded onto three‐dimensional (3D) culture plates to produce spheroids, enhance cellular interactions, and mimic the in vivo environment. Bone defects were created on the skulls of 15‐week‐old rats using a 6.0‐mm trephine burr. Collagen sponges were transplanted as controls, and 3D DFAT spheroid‐seeded sponges were used in the experimental group.

Results

DFAT showed a fibroblast‐like morphology. Flow cytometry revealed that DFAT expressed MSC markers but not hematopoietic stem cell markers. Bone analysis revealed increased bone mineral density, volume, and trabecular thickness in the experimental group. Hematoxylin–eosin staining in the control group revealed only a thin layer of fibrous tissue, whereas the experimental group showed new bone tissue formation. The control group lacked Von Willebrand factor (vWf) expression, whereas the experimental group exhibited vWf expression, indicating the development of new blood vessels. Von Kossa staining revealed calcification only in the experimental group.

Conclusion

Spheroids alone are difficult to retain in bone defects, making their use in combination with collagen sponges more effective for bone regeneration. The study findings suggest that 3D DFAT spheroids may help regenerate rat skull defects, with potential implications for human bone regeneration.
Investigation on the mechanical properties and ballistic behaviors of sandwich structure of CFRP and biomimetic tendon plates with aramid filaments bundle
Authors: Chu Yanyan , Zhao Xian , Wang Xucai , Xu Jingyu , Zhu Baokun , Huang Weihan , Peng Tao
Published: December 2024

Textile fiber composite materials are widely used in bulletproof applications due to their lightweight and strong impact resistance. Composite materials made from aramid usually use fabrics and filaments as enhancement, but no composite materials made from filament bundles have been seen. The structures of animals and plants in nature have undergone long‐term evolution and possess excellent mechanical properties. Tendons are a tough connective tissue composed of a large number of parallel fibers arranged to form a tough structure. Inspired by the nature structure of tendon, a multi‐stage winding structure of biomimetic tendon plate with aramid filaments bundle (BTAF) was proposed. In this structure, the filament bundle assembly is tightly wound, and collectively subjected to the impact. However, the stress is easily concentrated, and the average specific energy absorption (SEA) is only 1.40 J/g. In order to distribute the bullet impact to more filament bundles, CFRP were added to the upper and lower surfaces of the filament bundle plate to form a sandwich structure C‐BTAF. The experimental results show that this C‐BTAF presents higher SEA, with an increase of 52.86% compared to BTAF plate.

Highlights

A sandwich structure of C‐BTAF is made by winding method.

The compression stress and bending stress of primary hierarchy is higher.

The specific energy absorption of C‐BTAF more than that of BTAF plate.

The sandwich structure of C‐BTAF plate has better energy dispersion ability.

The back CFRP mainly plays a supporting role to the BTAF.
Combined Cell‐Free DNA Screening for Aneuploidies and Selected Single‐Gene Disorders for Pregnancies With Sonographically Detected Fetal Anomalies: Detection Rate and Residual Risk
Authors: Luong Thi Lan Anh , Nguyen Duy Anh , Dao Thi Trang , Nguyen Canh Chuong , Nguyen Sim Thi , Dinh Linh Thuy , Tang Xuan Hai , Tang Hung Sang , Nguyen Hoai Nghia , Giang Hoa
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To determine the additional detection rate (DR) and the residual risk (RR) of combined cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) screening for aneuploidies (not including copy number variants) and 25 dominant single‐gene disorders (SGD) in pregnancies with sonographic abnormalities.

Method

One hundred sixteen singleton pregnant women with abnormal fetal ultrasounds from week 12 were included in the study. They underwent combined cfDNA analysis, while exome sequencing and karyotyping were performed as reference standards. The results of the cfDNA analysis were compared with diagnostic genetic tests.

Results

The positive rate of cfDNA analysis was 15/116 (12.9%), with a positive predictive value of 13/15 (86.7%). The incremental DR of combined cfDNA screening for aneuploidies and 25 SGD compared with cfDNA testing for aneuploidies in fetuses with sonographic anomalies was 22.9%. The RR of cfDNA analysis for aneuploidies and pathogenic/likely pathogenic gene variants, after excluding cfDNA testing‐detectable findings, was 2/101 (2.0%). The DR of cfDNA analysis for genetic aberrations in pregnancies with abnormal ultrasound was 13/35 (37.1%) compared with diagnostic testing.

Conclusion

In fetuses with sonographic anomalies, the additional DR of combined cfDNA analysis for aneuploidies and 25 SGD was remarkable at 22.9% compared with cfDNA testing for aneuploidies; the overall RR of combined cfDNA analysis was approximately 2.0%. It is essential to provide detailed genetic counseling before using cfDNA analysis in these pregnancies.
Allocating Content Governance Responsibility in China: Heterogeneous Public Attitudes Toward Multistakeholder Involvement Strategies
Authors: Chen Xiaotong , Guan Tianru , Yang Yilu
Published: December 2024

While various social contexts have embraced the multistakeholder model of Internet governance, examination of its configurations and public expectations in the Global South is still rare. Through conducting a national survey (N = 1199), this study sheds light on the Chinese public's attitudes toward assigning responsibility to various entities (e.g., governments, platforms, and users) to moderate problematic content in cyberspace. Its focus is on distinguishing the regulatory strategies of each entity. Our results show the participants' preferences toward the government's preemptive regulation approach, the platform's community‐delegated approach, and high‐threshold civil intervention. Moreover, our research explores the influence of individual differences in media literacy and citizenship norms on public responsibility attribution. According to this “capability‐willingness axis,” we delineate four categories—ideal citizens, cynical experts, committed beginners, and inept laggards—and investigate the heterogeneity of the Chinese public in allocating content governance responsibility. Based on our results, we propose the concept of a “spiral of awareness” to describe the divided and fragmented landscape of public attitudes, where individuals with higher capability and willingness are more engaged with and supportive of cooperative responsibility, and vice versa. These insights underscore the public opinion foundation for transforming China's Internet governance and help explore how to develop efficient, coordinated, and mutually supportive accountability mechanisms within the multistakeholder model. Furthermore, this study contributes to the global discourse on the multistakeholder model by providing insights from evidence in China.
Sustainable management of potato tuber moth in storages using entomopathogenic fungi and an ectoparasitic mite
Authors: Song Yan‐Fei , Ye Shuai , He Xiong Zhao , Feng Bing‐Xia , Chen Wan‐Hao , Yang Mao‐Fa , Liu Jian‐Feng , Gao Yu‐Lin
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella, is an economically important pest of potato crops worldwide. So far, the application of chemical pesticides is the major measure to manage PTM, but it induces serious deleterious impacts on the environment and human health. Here, we screened the entomopathogenic fungi that are lethal to PTM, and tested their sublethal impacts on PTM development, mortality, and reproduction as well as that of ectoparasitic mite Pyemotes zhonghuajia, a natural enemy of PTM.

RESULTS

Among 13 tested entomopathogenic fungal strains in three genera, Beauveria Vuillemin, Cordyceps Fries, and Talaromyces Benjamin, Cordyceps fumosorosea (strain KY1136) and Beauveria bassiana (strain KY1115) caused a significantly higher mortality in PTM eggs, larvae, and pupae. Median lethal concentration (LC50) of both strains prolonged PTM immature development, shortened adult longevity, and reduced fecundity and life table parameters in terms of intrinsic rate of increase (rm), net reproductive rate (R0), and finite rate of increase (λ). The LC50 value of KY1136 (1.9 × 106 spores/mL) was lower than that of KY1115 (9.0 × 106 spores/mL), indicating the greater potential for biological control of PTM by KY1136. Both strains had no significant impact on P. zhonghuajia survival and reproduction. Increasing P. zhonghuajia density reduced PTM feeding and pupation rate, while the combined application of P. zhonghuajia and entomopathogenic fungi had no additional effect in inhabiting PTM feeding and pupation.

CONCLUSION

Entomopathogenic fungal strains Cordyceps fumosorosea KY1136 and Beauveria bassiana KY1115 are the potential biological control agents of PTM, but do not impose a negative impact on the natural enemy. Our study provides insights into the integrated pest management of PTM by combining the entomopathogenic fungi and an ectoparasitic mite. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Patterns and Motivations of Intra‐Urban Residential Mobility in a Southern European Metropolis. The Case of Filipino Migrants in Rome
Authors: Crisci Massimiliano , degli Uberti Stefano , Pelliccia Andrea , Santurro Michele
Published: December 2024

This paper focuses on residential mobility of Filipino migrants within Rome in the 2000s. The aim is to contribute to explaining the patterns and motivations behind the intra‐urban mobility of ethnic minorities highlighting the role of the socioeconomic background of the neighbourhood. We used an interdisciplinary quanti‐qualitative approach combining descriptive and multivariate analyses performed on original population register microdata on residential moves and ethnographic fieldwork to understand the dynamics of relocations from a multifaceted perspective. Rome is an interesting case study because it is a Southern European metropolis and the capital of Italy, a country with a welfare regime and a housing system that peculiarly affects the residential segregation and mobility patterns of ethnic groups. The findings show that the socioeconomic situation of the Filipinos' previous neighbourhood ‘predicts’ the characteristics of the neighbourhood where they move, with a growing propensity of family groups to head to more peripheral, poorer neighbourhoods with a low–medium concentration of co‐nationals. Moreover, belonging to a socio‐occupational niche influences their choices and motivations for mobility and settlement, therefore the concept of ‘ethnic employment‐driven residential mobility’ is proposed.
Nonparametric Hampel Score‐Function‐Based Adaptive EWMA Charts for Monitoring Location of Manufacturing Industrial Process
Authors: Abbas Zameer , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Fang Zhiwen , Riaz Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Control charts are applied to monitor changes in the process parameter(s). In the manufacturing industry, shifts in the process parameter(s) are generally unknown so the conventional monitoring techniques only perform well for the predefined shifts. To tackle the unknown range of shifts in the process parameter(s), adaptive charting techniques are preferred. The Hampel score‐function‐based adaptive exponentially weighted moving average ( chart has been recently investigated under the assumption of the normality of the process. However, in industrial processes, there is a lack of knowledge about the process distribution; in such cases, nonparametric charts are the better choice for practitioners. This study proposes nonparametric Hampel function‐based adaptive exponentially weighted moving average sign (NPHAEWMA‐SN) and Wilcoxon signed‐rank (NPHAEWMA‐SR) charts as alternatives to the chart for monitoring unknown changes in the location of the process. The proposed charts (NPHAEWMA‐SN and NPHAEWMA‐SR) proved robust and efficient alternatives to the counterparts against the symmetrical heavy‐tailed, extreme value, and contaminated normal distributions at certain and over the range of shifts. Three artificial datasets have been taken from different distributions to verify the robustness and detection ability of the proposals. An industrial dataset has also been taken from the piston rings manufacturing industry for the application of the proposals.
Discovery and Characterization of Unusual O‐Linked Glycosylation of IgG4 Antibody Using LC‐MS
Authors: Janecki Dariusz J. , Kao‐Scharf Chi‐Ya , Hoffmann Andreas
Published: December 2024

Background

Consensus is that immunoglobulin IgG4 contains only N‐linked glycosylation. The analysis of several batches of commercial biopharmaceutical product Dupixent using top‐down intact mass spectrometry revealed that this IgG4 features a small amount of O‐linked glycosylation in the Fab region. This is the first report of an O‐linked glycosylation in an IgG4 antibody.

Methods

Monoclonal antibody solutions were subjected to cation exchange (CEX) and reverse phase (RP) chromatography and/or additional preconcentration/fractionation methods to prepare samples for subsequent analysis. Advanced MS analysis and fragmentation techniques (HCD, ETD, and EThcD) were employed to localize the O‐linked glycosylation as well as elucidate the structure of the glycan(s).

Results

O‐linked glycosylation in the IgG4 dupilumab was discovered by intact‐MS. The probable location was narrowed down to four sites in the CH1 domain, and the structure of the O‐linked glycan was determined to be of Core 1 type. The relative quantities of the modifications were low, but the glycosylation was consistently detected in several batches of Dupixent.

Conclusions

We discovered a rare glycosylation modification on dupilumab, an IgG4 antibody. The O‐linked glycosylation was characterized and localized in the Fab region.
Cross‐Institutional Mentoring: A Catalyst for Advancing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in STEMM Interventions
Authors: McLewis Channel C. , Hurtado Sylvia , Perez Edwin , Ortiz Denise , Jaimez Noel N. Angie
Published: December 2024

Bold interventions are needed to change racial disparities and unacceptably low STEMM completion rates at historically white institutions that have the resources to train a new generation of scientists with diverse backgrounds. Three university case studies were conducted on the Meyerhoff Adaptation Partnership, which sought to develop student‐centered programs to improve student outcomes and change STEMM institutional cultures. We employ an institutionally‐focused approach to examine how the collaboration facilitated the development and mutual learning of equity‐minded schemas to challenge dominant racial logic that stifles diversity, equity, and inclusion in STEMM. The study expounds on how dialogic cross‐institutional mentoring works, including how participants learned from each other at multiple levels across institutions to advance fundamental values and practices that hold promise for inclusive approaches in STEMM. The study shows how mentoring relationships support change agents in implementing, sustaining, and institutionalizing STEMM interventions that seek to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion on their campuses. Discussed is the value of the cross‐institutional mentoring model to share and co‐create innovative strategies, expand professional development for institutional agents, affirm change agents, and overcome program challenges.
On GEE for Mean‐Variance‐Correlation Models: Variance Estimation and Model Selection
Authors: Xu Zhenyu , Fine Jason P. , Song Wenling , Yan Jun
Published: December 2024

Generalized estimating equations (GEE) are of great importance in analyzing clustered data without full specification of multivariate distributions. A recent approach by Luo and Pan jointly models the mean, variance, and correlation coefficients of clustered data through three sets of regressions. We note that it represents a specific case of the more general estimating equations proposed by Yan and Fine which further allow the variance to depend on the mean through a variance function. In certain scenarios, the proposed variance estimators for the variance and correlation parameters in Luo and Pan may face challenges due to the subtle dependence induced by the nested structure of the estimating equations. We characterize specific model settings where their variance estimation approach may encounter limitations and illustrate how the variance estimators in Yan and Fine can correctly account for such dependencies. In addition, we introduce a novel model selection criterion that enables the simultaneous selection of the mean‐scale‐correlation model. The sandwich variance estimator and the proposed model selection criterion are tested by several simulation studies and real data analysis, which validate its effectiveness in variance estimation and model selection. Our work also extends the R package geepack with the flexibility to apply different working covariance matrices for the variance and correlation structures.
A Transparent and Robust Ionogel with Stress‐Induced Microphase Separation Property and Crack Insensitivity for Visual Force Sensor
Authors: Xu Sijia , Wu Shaoji , Jia Jiru , Li Wanjiang , Gong Caihong , Hu Xulian , Qiu Zhiming , Zhu Ruitian , Yan Yurong
Published: December 2024

Gel with ionic conductivity and stretchability is considered as an ideal alternative to conventional rigid metallic conductors in the flexible electronics. However, present gels suffer from poor mechanical properties and crack sensitivity due to their weak intermolecular (chain) interactions and homogeneous network structure. Herein, a transparent and tough polyacrylamide (PAM) ionogel is designed, which can form stress‐induced microphase‐separated domains with high hydrogen bonding density under stress to inhibit crack propagation. Benefiting from multiple hydrogen bonding interactions, the PAM ionogel exhibited maximum tensile stress of 5.19 ± 0.52 MPa, maximum tensile strain of 685.49 ± 22.15%, and fracture toughness of 10.11 ± 1.63 kJ m−2. On the other hand, the visual force sensor is realized by utilizing the stress‐induced changes in the grayscale and electrical resistance of the PAM ionogel, which allowed real‐time and visual monitoring of the stress applied to an object as a whole or in part. This work may open new avenues for the development of stable and reliable flexible sensors.
Bioprinted Symbiotic Dressings: A Lichen‐Inspired Approach to Diabetic Wound Healing with Enhanced Bioactivity and Structural Integrity
Authors: Liu Hai , Mei Hongxiang , Jiang Hejin , Jiang Linli , Lin Kaifeng , Jiang Minwen , Ding Ning , Li Xiaojie , Gao Ziqi , Liu Bin , Lin Wei , Li Juan , Zhou Jiajing
Published: December 2024

Providing oxygen and preventing infection at wound sites are effective ways to heal diabetic chronic wounds. Inspired by natural lichens, a bioprinted biogenic hydrogel (BBH) containing microalgae and probiotics is developed for diabetic chronic wound therapeutics, which offers prolonged biogenetic oxygen supply by microalgae and infection inhibition by probiotics. The rational design of symbiotic BBH with customizable structure and microorganism composition enhances wound resilience against elevated glucose levels and hypoxia, leading to the increased migration ability of fibroblasts and the angiogenic potential of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Notably, BBH‐treated diabetic wounds exhibit dense vascular distribution, reduced hypoxia levels and inflammatory responses, and enhanced epithelial differentiation and keratinization abilities. Consequently, the BBH achieves rapid tissue repairing within 3 d and restores approximately 90% of the whole skin structure within 12 d. This work presents an engineered platform for regulating biological microenvironment of diabetic wounds and provides insights for developing bioprinted hybrid microorganism systems.
Colossal Shift Currents in Band‐Inverted Bi Nanotubes Driven by the Interplay of Curvature and Spin‐Orbit Coupling
Authors: Park Ikpyeong , Jin Kyung‐Hwan , Kim Kyoung‐Whan , Kim Jeongwoo
Published: December 2024

The concept of non‐trivial electronic structure combined with reduced dimensionality presents a promising strategy for advancing optical applications and energy harvesting technologies. Symmetry breaking in low dimensional system enables the emergence of non‐linear optical responses, which are greatly amplified by the singular points of band inversion. Here, using first‐principles calculations, the significant enhancement of the shift current in Bi nanotubes is investigated, driven by the combined effects of 1D geometry and non‐trivial band order. By rolling a 2D Bi monolayer, which exhibits a quantum spin Hall phase, into a 1D nanotube, an extraordinarily large shift current of 4.94 A·Å2 V−2 is generated, two orders of magnitude larger than the experimental values in WS2 nanotubes. The enhancement of the shift current in Bi nanotubes is demonstrated and attributed to the state mixing induced by the interplay of strong spin‐orbit coupling, the curvature of the tube, and the non‐trivial band order of Bi nanotubes. The robustness of this enhanced shift current against various perturbations is also discussed, such as oxidation and doping. The novel approach integrating non‐trivial band order with reduced dimensionality sheds new light on advanced photovoltaic applications by harnessing both geometric advantages and exotic electronic structures for energy conversion.
Architecting Multi‐Level Structures and Regulating Hydrophilicity of Covalent Organic Framework Aerogels for Optimizing Mass Transport Capacity
Authors: Wang Feng , Wang Yuankun , Zhang Yuheng , Wang Hui , Wu Defeng
Published: December 2024

Architecting hierarchical structures in monolithic covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is vital for the applications of COFs in mass transport fields. The MXene‐coated bilayer aerogels containing β‐keto‐enamine COF (MX‐TpX‐COF) with different chain lengths of aromatic linkers are constructed for the study. The directional freezing method endowed the COF part and MXene coating with aligned channels, and the small pores mainly exist in the former, while the larger ones in the latter. The occurrence of multi‐level structures inside COF bulks, together with locally ordered vessels formed in the surfaces of MXene coating, are conducive to the mass transport of aerogels. Accordingly, the MX‐TpX‐COF aerogels showed attractive performance in oil/water separation and desalination, and even can be used for treating and desalinating oil‐contaminated seawater simultaneously. The mass transport rate and efficiency, however, strongly depended on the hydrophilicity and specific surface areas of COF bulks, which can be easily tuned by tailoring the chain lengths of aromatic linkers. This study offers a specific perspective on the utilization of bulk COF materials in marine governance, and also proposes a structural regulation way of multi‐functional integration for COF‐based aerogels.
Noble Metal Nanoparticle Assisted Mass Spectrometry for Metabolite‐Based In Vitro Diagnostics
Authors: Liu Yanling , Yang Shouzhi , Li Shunxiang , Wang Yuning , Liu Xiaohui , Xu Wei , Su Haiyang , Qian Kun
Published: December 2024

In vitro diagnostics (IVD) makes clinical diagnosis rapid, simple, and noninvasive to patients, playing a crucial role in the early diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. Metabolic biomarkers are closely correlated to the phenotype of diseases. However, most IVD platforms are constrained by the sensitivity and throughput of assay. In recent years, noble‐metal‐nanoparticle (NMNP)‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS) has generated major advances in metabolite analysis, significantly improving the sensitivity, accuracy, and throughput of IVD due to the unique optical and electrical properties of NMNPs. This review systematically assesses the development of NMNPs as LDI MS matrices in the detection of metabolites for IVD application. The analysis of several NMNP structures, such as core–shell, porous, and 2D nanoparticles, elucidates their significant contribution to the enhancement of MS performance. Furthermore, the recent advancements in the application of NMNPs for diagnosing various systemic diseases are summarized. Finally, the prospects and challenges of NMNP‐assisted MS for IVD are discussed. This review elucidates the roles of NMNPs' structure in enhancing MS‐based metabolic detection and provides an overview of various IVD applications, consequently offering comprehensive insights for researchers and developers in this field.
Boosting Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Modulating D‐Band Center in Bimetallic Sulfide Ni3S2‐FeS Heterointerfaces
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Fan , Wang Anyang , Guo Yuzheng , Yin Huayi , Wang Dihua
Published: December 2024

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline electrolytes is considered to be the most promising industry‐scale hydrogen (H2) production method but is limited to the lack of low‐cost, efficient, and stable HER catalysts. Here, a universal and scalable electrodeposition‐sulfidization modulation strategy is developed to directly grow the Ni3S2‐FeS heterojunction nanoarray on the commercial Ni foam (Ni3S2‐FeS@NF). The as‐prepared Ni3S2‐FeS@NF catalyst only requires a low overpotential of 71 and 270 mV to reach the current density of 10 and 500 mA cm−2 with a long‐lasting lifetime of over 200 h. Moreover, the Ni3S2‐FeS@NF catalyst can operate at industrial conditions (500 mA cm−2 at 70 °C) for over 200 h stably at a low cell voltage of 1.71 V in an alkaline exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) device, which indicates a great prospect for practical application. In addition, in situ Raman experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the downshift of the d‐band center and interfacial synergistic actions due to the electron transfer between Ni3S2 and FeS reduce the water spitting energy barrier and optimize H/O‐containing intermediates absorption, thereby improving the HER intrinsic catalytic activity. This work provides an atomic‐level insight into designing efficient HER heterogeneous catalysts.
Protective Effects of Donkey Milk on Ethanol‐Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rat
Authors: Sami Masoud , Azizi Shahrzad , Kheirandish Reza , Ebrahimnejad Hadi , Alizadeh Shiva
Published: December 2024

Gastric ulcer (GU) is the most common health concern that occurs due to an imbalance between gastric protective mucosal and aggressive factors. Ethanol‐induced GU in animal models resembles the pathophysiology of human ulcers. Natural products with fewer side effects are highly requested to attenuate their GU effects. The present study was conducted to investigate the potential protective effects of donkey milk against ethanol‐induced GU in rats. The male Wistar were divided into four groups, including normal control (distilled water), donkey milk (1 cm3/animal) and ranitidine (200 mg/kg). Donkey milk and ranitidine were given to rats orally daily for 10 consecutive days before induction of ulcer by ethanol. After 24 h of fasting, GU was induced by oral administration of ethanol. After an hour, the rats were sacrificed, and gastric samples were taken for pathologic analysis, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) assessments. The results showed that the severity of ethanol‐induced gastric damage was significantly reduced by donkey's milk pretreatment and then ranitidine. Reduction of ulcer score and MDA level, and also increasing GSH in the gastric tissue in comparison with other groups supports our results. This study described the gastroprotective and antioxidative effects of donkey milk that were determined with ulcer inhibition percentage.
A Quantitative Review of Natural Flood Management Research
Authors: Zhu Qiuyu , Klaar Megan , Willis Thomas , Holden Joseph
Published: December 2024

Natural flood management (NFM), a subset of nature‐based solutions (NBS) in catchment management, attempts to utilize and mimic natural processes in the landscape to reduce flood hazards, and it has been widely applied across Europe and other regions. Despite the wide use of NFM techniques, there is a lack of quantitative evidence for the effectiveness of NFM interventions in flood reduction. This paper examined 454 NFM relevant articles over the past 30 years, and the data they contain. Word frequency and cluster analyses showed changing trends and associations among nature‐based flood mitigation research topics, including shifts from localized flood mitigation to catchment‐wide flood management strategies, and from wood‐related studies to a broader assessment of ecosystem services. Content analysis was conducted on literature directly related to NFM and NBS, revealing that research in large‐scale catchments continues to be dominated by modeling approaches. While past reviews have suggested that increased catchment scale and rainfall intensity may diminish the effectiveness of NFM, we did not find strong empirical evidence (field monitoring and modeling) for this in our systematic review, although research at large catchment scale is still lacking. By assessing the confidence in NFM studies, the paper concludes that integrated understanding of a network of combined NFM interventions at a large catchment scale is necessary for future nature‐based flood mitigation strategies.
Nanotechnology‐Enabled Targeted Protein Degradation for Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Zhao Wutong , Jiang Yongbin , Li Xiufen , Wang Hai
Published: December 2024

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) represents an innovative therapeutic strategy that has garnered considerable attention from both academic and industrial sectors due to its promising developmental prospects. Approximately 85% of human proteins are implicated in disease pathogenesis, and the FDA has approved around 400 drugs targeting these disease‐related proteins, predominantly enzymes, transcription factors, and non‐enzymatic proteins. However, existing therapeutic modalities fail to address certain “high‐value” targets, such as c‐Myc and Ras. The emergence of proteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTAC) technology has introduced TPD into a new realm. The capability to target non‐druggable sites has expanded the therapeutic horizon of protein‐based drugs, although challenges related to bioavailability, safety, and adverse side effects have constrained their clinical progression. Nano‐delivery systems and emerging TPD modalities, such as molecular glues, lysosome‐targeted chimeras (LYTACs), autophagy system compounds (ATTEC), and antibody PROTAC (AbTACs), have mitigated some of these limitations. This paper reviews the latest advancements in TPD, highlighting their applications and benefits in cancer therapy, and concludes with a forward‐looking perspective on the future development of this field.
Mobilität und Geschlecht: Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der Mobilität
Authors: Kawgan-Kagan Ines
Published: December 2024

Nachhaltige Mobilität umfasst neben ökologischen und ökonomischen Aspekten auch die soziale Dimension, um Mobilität möglichst für alle nutzbar zu machen und niemanden kategorisch auszuschließen. Insbesondere das Geschlecht einer Person hat einen signifikanten Einfluss auf den Alltag und damit auch auf die Mobilität. In diesem Beitrag werden Handlungsoptionen sowohl für die wissenschaftliche Arbeit als auch für die Praxis aufgezeigt, um Geschlechtergerechtigkeit in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Verkehrs- und Mobilitätsforschung und -praxis zu fördern und Diskriminierungen zu vermeiden.
§ 2 Vom geteilten Eigentum zum einheitlichen Eigentumsbegriff
Authors: Althammer Christoph
Published: December 2024

Der § 903 BGB zugrunde liegende Eigentumsbegriff ist eine durch verschiedene historische Entwicklungen geprägte und gewachsene Erscheinung. Wenn in jüngerer Zeit dessen inhaltlicher Zuschnitt und insbesondere die Privatnützigkeit des Eigentums selbst wieder kritisch hinterfragt wird, was mitunter in ideologischen Auseinandersetzungen mündet, darf bei dieser Diskussion die historische Begriffsgenese nicht außer Acht bleiben. Von Interesse soll im Folgenden deswegen zum einen die Entwicklung vom „geteilten Eigentum“ zum einheitlichen Eigentumsverständnis des Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuches sein. Zum anderen soll in den Blick genommen werden, ob und inwieweit sich im modernen deutschen Sachenrecht Rudimente der eigentlich überwunden geglaubten Lehre vom geteilten Eigentum finden lassen. Der heutige Eigentumsbegriff ist dabei in den Vorentwürfen zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch Gegenstand ausführlicher Diskussion gewesen, sodass die damaligen Gedankengänge hinsichtlich seiner Berechtigung weiter als wertvolle Erkenntnisquelle gelten können.
Association between lower limb muscle strength and musculoskeletal ambulation disability symptom complex in patients with medial meniscus posterior root tears
Authors: Fukuba Mikao , Kawada Koki , Okazaki Yuki , Katayama Yoshimi , Hamada Masanori , Ozaki Toshifumi , Furumatsu Takayuki
Published: December 2024

Purpose

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the changes in and the relationship between lower limb muscle strength and physical function before and after medial meniscus posterior root (MMPR) repair.

Methods

Thirty-three patients who underwent MMPR repair were evaluated. Pain was evaluated with the numerical rating scale (NRS), and knee flexor/extensor muscle strength was assessed using a handheld dynamometer. Physical function was evaluated using a timed up and go (TUG) test. The NRS, knee flexor/extensor muscle strength, and TUG were compared preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The correlation of patient characteristics, NRS score, knee flexor/extensor muscle strength, and preoperative TUG with the postoperative TUG was analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.

Results

NRS (3.5 ± 2.1 to 0.1 ± 0.5 points), knee flexor strength (111.9 ± 50.2 to 146.7 ± 51.5 Nm), knee extensor strength (181.9 ± 92.8 to 256.9 ± 107.1 Nm), and TUG (12.3 ± 5.7 to 9.2 ± 2.2 s) all improved significantly from preoperatively to 1 year postoperatively (p < 0.001). The postoperative TUG was negatively correlated with the preoperative TUG (r = 0.578, p < 0.001), preoperative knee flexor muscle strength (r = − 0.355, p = 0.042), preoperative knee extensor muscle strength (r = − 0.437, p = 0.010), and postoperative knee extensor muscle strength (r = − 0.478, p = 0.004).

Conclusion

In patients undergoing MMPR repair, surgery and rehabilitation significantly improve lower limb muscle strength and physical function. There was a significant correlation between lower limb muscle strength and TUG, and further strengthening of the lower limb muscles from the preoperative level is desirable to improve patients’ physical function further.

Level of evidence

IV.
Quantification of indocyanine-green-enhanced fluorescence with spectrophotometry (O2C®) in low anterior rectal resection: A prospective study
Authors: Darwich I. , Demirel-Darwich S. , Weiss C. , Willeke F.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Despite spectacular visuals and the seemingly convincing rationale of using indocyanine-green-enhanced fluorescence in assessing bowel perfusion during colorectal resections, a lingering sense of subjectivity remains in the challenge of quantifying this fluorescence. This prospective study analyzed the application of O2C® spectrophotometry to quantify zones of fluorescence on the large bowel during low anterior resection.

Materials and methods

Patients receiving a low anterior resection for cancer of the mid- and lower rectum were enrolled in this observational prospective study between February 2020 and December 2022. O2C® blood-flow measurement was performed at three different zones of fluorescence intensity (optimal [O], sufficient [S], and absent [A]), visualized at the designated and already skeletonized site of colon transection. The primary end point was to assess whether the O2C® flow value exceeds 164 arbitrary units (AU) at the zone of optimal fluorescence. The secondary objective was to assess whether there were statistically significant differences in flow parameters between the three zones, thus confirming reproducibility of measurements.

Results

A total of 40 patients were enrolled in this study. Of these, 38 patients remained for statistical analysis with regard to O2C® measurement of the fluorescence zones. The O2C® flow parameter measured at the zone of optimal fluorescence was greater than 164 AU in all cases (100%, p < 0.0001). There were statistically significant differences in flow parameters measured at the three different zones of fluorescence (O-S: p < 0.0001; O-A: p < 0.0001; S-A: p = 0.0023).

Conclusion

This study proves the feasibility and reproducibility of quantifying zones of indocyanine green (ICG)-enhanced fluorescence on the bowel. All O2C® flow measurements that were collected at the zone of optimal fluorescence exceeded 164 AU, thereby adding more evidence to this value as a suggested cut-off parameter in terms of bowel perfusion.