bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perception and awareness of insects as an alternative protein source among fish farmers and fish feed traders
Authors: Ssepuuya G. , Sebatta C. , Sikahwa E. , Fuuna P. , Sengendo M. , Mugisha J. , Fiaboe K.K.M. , Nakimbugwe D.
Published: January 2019

The perception of key players in the fish farming sector towards the use of insects is important for their acceptance to adopt insects as an alternative protein source to the expensive fish meal. Perception was established through a cross-sectional study of 208 fish farmers and 71 fish feed traders and/or processors conducted in Gulu, Tororo and Masaka districts in Uganda, using descriptive, Chi-square, correlation and factor statistical analysis of the data collected. Males dominated the fish farming and fish feed trading and/or processing enterprises. Youths were involved to almost the same extent as adults. Fish farmers majorly practiced pond fish farming, mainly using vegetable and grain based feeds. Most fish farmers (94.9%) and feed traders or processors (91.5%) were willing to use insects for feed but only 44.8% of fish farmers and 8.6% of feed traders and processors had ever used insects. All insects ever used by the respondents for feeding fish, including white ants, grasshoppers, termites and cockroaches were not reared but harvested from the environment. Willingness to use (rear/buy/sell) insects as fish feed was significantly and positively correlated with farmers’ and fish feed traders’ and/or processors’ perception that insects were good sources of nourishment for fish. Familiarity with use of insects and knowledge/awareness of their use significantly contributed to respondents’ positive perception. The apparent willingness to use insects for feeding fish should be promoted by encouraging mass insect production. Assessment of the consumer’s acceptability of fish reared on insects is necessary to ensure market for insect-fed fish.
Usefulness of the Preoperative Prism Adaptation Test in Patients With Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Dadeya Subhash , Kamles  , Naniwal Sanjive
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To investigate whether the preoperative prism adaptation test is useful in patients with intermittent exotropia.

Methods: Sixty-five consecutive patients with basic-type intermittent exotropia <40 prism diopters (PD) comprised the study population in this prospective study. Patients were divided into two groups based on the results of the prism adaptation test. Patients with a negative response comprised group 1 and patients with a positive response comprised group 2. Group 1 patients (n=26) underwent surgery according to the original angle, and group 2 patients (n=27) underwent surgery in accordance with the change in the angle of deviation with prisms.

Results: Satisfactory motor alignment (±5 PD of orthophoria) was achieved in 14 (53.8%) group 1 patients and 24 (88.8%) group 2 patients (P=. 01). Mean residual deviation was 9.8 PD in group 1 and 4.5 PD in group 2 (P*s.05).

Conclusion: The prism adaptation test may be helpful in achieving a favorable surgical outcome in intermittent exotropia.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2003;40:85-89.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy After Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Tang Peter H. , Shields Ryan , Silva Ruwan A.
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

To report the acute and long-term choroidal findings in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CCSC) undergoing half-fluence photodynamic therapy (PDT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This is a prospective, consecutive, interventional, noncomparative case series at a tertiary referral vitreoretinal practice. Twenty-one eyes from 21 patients are included.

RESULTS:

Among 21 eyes, all had improved vision following PDT during a mean of 5.2 months ± 4.8 months of follow-up. The incidence of choroidal neovascular membranes was 19.0% (four in 21), with only one of these eyes (4.8%) requiring intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections. Changes in the choriocapillaris were noted in 28.6% (six of 21) eyes following PDT. Eighteen patients (85.7%) demonstrated striking regions of dilated choroidal vessels closely corresponding to regions of outer retinal changes and subretinal fluid. Twenty patients (95.2%) experienced resolution of subretinal fluid within 3 months of receiving PDT.

CONCLUSION:

Optical coherence tomography angiography may provide new insight into the pathogenesis of CCSC, namely in identifying a correlation between structures of the deep choroid and changes in the retinal pigment epithelium and neurosensory retina.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2019;50:25–32.]
Trimanual Versus Unimanual 23-Gauge Vitrectomy in Patients With Diabetes: Limitations and Expectations
Authors: Elwan Mohammed M. , Hagras Sherein M. , Ellayeh Adel A.
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To compare between trimanual and unimanual vitrectomy in complicated proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A prospective, non-randomized, comparative study including patients with tractional retinal detachment (TRD), vitreous hemorrhage with TRD, and combined TRD with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The patients were allocated into two groups: the unimanual group with three-port vitrectomy and the trimanual group with added fourth sclerotomy, through which the endoillumination probe was guided by the assistant. The primary outcomes included the intraoperative feasibility, operative time, and complications.

RESULTS:

Eighty-two eyes were categorized into the two groups: 44 eyes in the unimanual group and 38 eyes in the trimanual group. Operative time was significantly shorter in the trimanual group (
P
< .005). The incidence of iatrogenic breaks and intraoperative bleeding was significantly higher in the unimanual group (
P
= .034 and
P
= .044, respectively). Primary anatomic success was achieved in 90.9% and 94.7% in unimanual and trimanual groups, respectively, without significant difference (
P
= .411). There was no significant difference in the postoperative complications.

CONCLUSIONS:

Trimanual vitrectomy was proven to be a safe and effective technique in managing complicated PDR. It results in anatomical outcomes comparable to standard unimanual vitrectomy with fewer intraoperative complications.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2019;50:42–49.]
La campaña contra los sacerdotes pederastas (1880-1912): un ejemplo de «pánico moral» en la España de la Restauración
Authors: Vázquez García Francisco
Published: January 2019

En este artículo se trata de analizar la campaña promovida por la prensa republicana anticlerical de la Restauración española contra los abusos cometidos por sacerdotes «pederastas». A partir de un conjunto aproximado de cuatrocientas noticias sobre el asunto, recogidas de la prensa anticlerical de la época (1880-1912), se ha constatado un total de 151 casos referidos a abusos pederastas perpetrados por el clero. La metodología utilizada se basa en la sociología norteamericana de los «pánicos morales». Después de introducir el problema, las fuentes y la cronología, se delimitan las fases que jalonan ese proceso de construcción del pánico moral acerca de los sacerdotes pederastas. Se pone de relieve el paralelismo existente entre la mencionada campaña periodística y la creciente ofensiva anticlerical entre 1898 y 1912. Por último la cruzada periodística contra los curas pederastas es analizada como un catalizador político de luchas que implicaban al mismo tiempo la dominación de género, de edad y de clase social.
Ablation and Inhibition of the Immunoproteasome Catalytic Subunit LMP7 Attenuate Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Mice
Authors: Li Fang-da , Nie Hao , Tian Cui , Wang Hong-xia , Sun Bao-hua , Ren Hua-liang , Zhang Xu , Liao Peng-zhi , Liu Duan , Li Hui-hua , Zheng Yue-hong
Published: January 2019

Low–molecular mass protein 7 (LMP7) is a proteolytic subunit of the immunoproteasome that is involved in regulating inflammatory responses. However, the role of LMP7 in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains unknown. In this study, ApoE knockout (KO) or LMP7/ApoE double KO (dKO) mice were infused with angiotensin II (Ang II, 1000 ng/kg per minute) for up to 28 d. We found that LMP7 expression was significantly upregulated in AAA tissues from ApoE KO mice and human patients. Moreover, Ang II infusion markedly increased the incidence and severity of AAA in ApoE KO mice, which was considerably reduced in LMP7/ApoE dKO mice. Histological alterations, including aortic wall thickening, collagen deposition, elastin fragmentation, and vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis in AAA tissue of ApoE KO mice, were also significantly attenuated in LMP7/ApoE dKO mice. Interestingly, LMP7/ApoE dKO mice showed a marked reduction of infiltration of CD3+ T cells, especially CD4+ T cells in AAA tissues compared with ApoE KO mice. Moreover, ablation of LMP7 substantially inhibited the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th1 and Th17 cells by reducing the activation of multiple transcriptional factors. We also investigated the effects of an LMP7-specific inhibitor PR-957 (also known as ONX 0914) on AAA formation in ApoE KO mice. PR-957 treatment could reduce the AAA incidence and severity. In conclusion, our results provide, to our knowledge, novel evidence that ablation or pharmacological inhibition of LMP7 attenuates Ang II–induced AAA formation, and LMP7 might be a novel therapeutic target for treating AAA in humans.
IL-33 Is a Negative Regulator of Vaccine-Induced Antigen-Specific Cellular Immunity
Authors: O’Grady Katie , Hearnden Claire C. H. , Bento Dulce , Oleszycka Ewa , Andersen Peter , Muñoz-Wolf Natalia , Lavelle Ed C.
Published: January 2019

The cytokine IL-33 is a well-established inducer of Th2 responses. However, roles for IL-33 in promoting CD8, Th1, and T regulatory cell responses have also emerged. In this study, the role of IL-33 as a regulator of particulate vaccine adjuvant-induced Ag-specific cellular immunity was investigated. We found that polymeric nanoparticles surpassed alum in their ability to enhance Ag-specific CD8 and Th1 responses. IL-33 was a potent negative regulator of both CD8+ T cell and Th1 responses following i.m. vaccination with Ag and nanoparticles, whereas the cytokine was required for the nanoparticle enhancement in Ag-specific IL-10. In contrast to the effect on cellular immunity, Ab responses were comparable between vaccinated wild-type and IL-33–deficient mice. IL-33 did not compromise alum-induced adaptive cellular immunity after i.m. vaccination. These data suggest that IL-33 attenuates the induction of cellular immune responses by nanoparticulate adjuvants and should be considered in the rational design of vaccines targeting enhanced CD8 and Th1 responses.
The impact of psychological contracts on employee engagement at a university of technology
Authors: Naidoo Vinessa , Abarantyne Ishana , Rugimbana Robert
Published: January 2019

Orientation: Changing organisational dynamics have caused a need for organisations to understand the employment relationship processes and outcomes in order to improve organisational effectiveness, increase productivity and retain talented employees.Research purpose: The purpose of the study is to determine which elements of the academic employee’s psychological contract are impacting employee engagement at a university of technology.Motivation for the study: The study was motivated by the findings of a 2013 climate survey at an institute of higher education, indicating that many employees were dissatisfied and believed that their expectations were not met by the organisation.Research approach/design and method: A quantitative technique via online questionnaires was employed for data collection. The sample size was 400 out of 900 academic staff members.Main findings: The study confirmed that most employees appear to have developed a positive psychological contract. It indicated, however, that many employees may be experiencing discord in the employment relationship. Both transactional and relational elements of the psychological contract appeared to be essential to academic employees.Practical/managerial implications: The study identified factors of importance to academic employees that should be considered in the compilation of retention policies.Contribution/value-add: The results of the study could contribute towards addressing some of the challenges by creating a better understanding of the needs of academic employees and the impact of psychological contract fulfilment and breach. This could benefit the higher education sector as a whole.
Maternal alcohol use during pregnancy in a general national population in South Africa
Authors: Peltzer Karl , Pengpid Supa
Published: January 2019

Objective: Alcohol use in pregnancy is linked with various negative health effects on the infant. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of maternal alcohol use during pregnancy and socio-demographic and health correlates.Methods: Data of ever-pregnant women from the cross-sectional ‘South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1) 2011–2012’ were analysed. The sample included 5089 adolescents and adult women aged 15–55 years. They responded to questions on alcohol use, socio-demographic and health indicators.Results: The results indicated that 3.7% (95.0% confidence interval [CI] = 3.1, 4.5) of South African women had engaged in alcohol use during their pregnancy. In adjusted analysis, being mixed race, not employed, poor self-rated health status, ever been diagnosed with tuberculosis and having partial post-traumatic stress disorder were found to be associated with alcohol use during pregnancy.Conclusions: The study findings suggest links between socio-demographic and health variables and prenatal alcohol use, which may have public health policy implications.
Practice patterns and outcomes with the use of regorafenib in metastatic colorectal cancer: Results from the Regorafenib in Metastatic colorectal cancer - An Indian exploratory analysis study
Authors: Ramaswamy Anant , Ostwal Vikas , Pande Nikhil , Sharma Atul , Patil Shekar , Thippeswamy Ravi , Ghadyalpatil Nikhil , Roy Rakesh , Peshwe Harish , Poladia Bhavesh , Rajamanickam Deepan , Rangarajan Bharat , Neelesh Reddy P. R. , Pandita Vimal , Mukherjee Ashis , Thoke Aniket , Sarkar Abhijit , Satish C. T. , Shashidara H. , Banavali S. D.
Published: January 2019

Background: Regorafenib is considered a standard of care as third-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRCs). Materials and Methods: The study was based on a computerized clinical data form sent to oncologists across the country for entry of anonymized patient data. The data entry form was conceived and generated by the coordinating center's (Tata Memorial Hospital) gastrointestinal medical oncologists and disseminated through personal contacts at academic conferences as well as through E-mail to various oncologists across India. Results: A total of 19 physicians contributed data resulting in 80 patients receiving regorafenib who were available for the evaluation of practice patterns. The median age was 55 years (range: 24–75). Majority had received oxaliplatin-based (97.5%), irinotecan-based (87.5%), and targeted therapy (65%), previously. Patients were primarily started on reduced doses of regorafenib upfront (160 mg – 28.8%, 120 mg – 58.8%, and 80 mg – 12.5%). The median duration of treatment (treatment duration) with regorafenib was 3.1 months (range: 0.5–18), while the median progression free survival was 3.48 months (range: 2.6–4.3). Forty-five percent of patients required dose modifications due to toxicities, and the most common were (all grades) hand-foot syndrome (68.8%), fatigue (46.3%), mucositis (37.6%), and diarrhea (31.3%). Conclusions: Majority of physicians in this collaborative study from India used a lower dose of regorafenib at the outset in patients with mCRC. Despite a lower dose, there was a significant requirement for dose reduction. Duration of treatment with regorafenib as an efficacy end point in this study is similar to available data from other regions as it is the side effect profile.
Conventional radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy in carcinoma vulva: An experience from a tertiary medical center of India
Authors: Mazumder Koustav , Elangovan Arun , Rai Bhavana , Suri Vanita , Jain Vanita , Kalra Jaswinder , Ghoshal Sushmita
Published: January 2019

Context: Vulvar cancer is one of the uncommon gynecological malignancies. Multimodality treatment with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are required for treatment of the disease. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical outcome in patients of carcinoma vulva, treated at our institution. Subjects and Methods: This was a retrospective-cohort study done in 50 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, treated at our institution from January 2008 to December 2014. Data were analyzed on the basis of age, stage, type of treatment received, and treatment-related toxicity. Disease-free survival and overall survival were estimated. Statistical Analysis Used: Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Majority of the patients (52%) had presented with Stage III disease. Thirty-six of 50 patients underwent surgery: simple vulvectomy – 2, radical vulvectomy – 34, bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection was done in 32 patients, and 1 patient underwent ipsilateral-inguinal lymph node dissection. Among 40 patients who received radiotherapy and eight patients received palliative radiotherapy. Seventeen patients underwent intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and 15 patients received conventional radiotherapy. Significantly less Grade 2 or more skin toxicity (P = 0.003) observed in patients who underwent IMRT. Among non-IMRT group, eight patients required treatment break during radiation. At a median follow-up time of 25.5 months, median overall survival was 31 months and median disease-free survival was 25 months. About 42% patients were alive and free of disease at last follow-up. Conclusions: Modified radical vulvectomy with inguinal lymph node dissection followed by radiotherapy is the mainstay of management of locally advanced carcinoma vulva. Using IMRT, we could minimize the treatment related radiation toxicity and treatment breaks.
Safety and efficacy of nimotuzumab with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in unresectable locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck: An Indian rural hospital experience
Authors: Rawat Shyamji , Tandan Hemu , Patel Sanandan , Chaudhari Sameer
Published: January 2019

Context: Nimotuzumab is the only anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody which can be safely added to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) to improve efficacy in the management of unresectable, locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (LA-SCCHN). However, the evidence available on this is limited. Aims: We retrospectively investigated efficacy and safety of nimotuzumab when combined with chemoradiation for LA-SCCHN. Settings and Design: Hospital records of 39 patients from January 2012 to December 2016 diagnosed with locally advanced (Stage III-IVb), unresectable SCCHN, and treated with concurrent CRT with weekly nimotuzumab were reviewed retrospectively after fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Subjects and Methods: Tumor response was calculated as per response evaluation criteria in solid tumors criteria 1.1. Association of tumor response with independent variables was assessed. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated. All patients were assessed for toxicity as per common terminology criteria for adverse events Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v 4.0 (U.S. Department of health and human services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute). Results: At 6 months after completion of treatment, objective response rate was 97.44% with 26 (66.67%) patients attaining Complete response (CR), 12 (30.77%) patients with Partial response (PR), and one patient (2.56%) had stable disease. Subgroup analysis did not show a significant association of tumor response with independent factors. OS at 1 and 2-year was 100% and 72.9%, while PFS at 1 and 2-year was 87% and 54.40%. The incidence of Grade I, II, III, and IV toxicity was 30%, 18.18%, 41.82%, and 10%, respectively. No grade V toxicity was observed. Common adverse events observed were mucositis (33.64%), skin reaction (24.55%), neutropenia (20.91%), vomiting (18.18%), and diarrhea (2.73%). Conclusions: Nimotuzumab is an efficacious and safe option when added to concurrent CRT in unresectable, LA-SCCHN.
The de-Africanisation of the African National Congress, Afrophobia in South Africa and the Limpopo River Fever
Authors: Lamola Malesela John
Published: January 2019

This essay highlights the root causes of the pervasive discomfort with Africanness common among a significant portion of the South African population. It claims that this collective national psyche manifests as a dysfunctional self-identity, and is therefore akin to a psychosocial malaise we propose to name “the Limpopo River Fever”. The root cause of this pathological psycho-political culture, we venture to demonstrate, is the historical process of a systematic self-orientation away from Africa, perceived as “Africa north of the Limpopo River”. This psychosis as presently manifesting as what is distinctly an Afrophobia, and not mere xenophobia, I argue, has principally been nurtured since the 1950s by the ascendency of an anti-Africanist ideology within the national liberation movement, the African National Congress (ANC), which has subsequently been the governing party since the defeat of the apartheid regime in 1994. It is concluded that even historic efforts at redirecting the South African body-politic toward a pan-African consciousness which evolved around Thabo Mbeki during his presidency could not achieve the aspired re-Africanisation of South African society.Keywords: Afrophobia, South Africa, Xenophobia, Pan-Africanism, ANC
¿Qué ha ocurrido en el primer año de implementación del EEES en algunas titulaciones?: Un primer balance en la UPF en términos de rendimiento académico, satisfacción y proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje
Authors: Lloret Grau Teresa , Mir Acebrón Anna
Published: January 2019

En el presente artículo se plantea un balance de la implementación de los cambios metodológicos promovidos por el EEES en algunas titulaciones de la Universidad Pompeu Fabra (UPF), a partir de los datos recogidos en una evaluación sistemática realizada a tal fin. La evaluación se centra en el análisis de los ejes: rendimiento académico, satisfacción y elementos del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Las cuestiones tratadas plantean ¿Varía el rendimiento académico obtenido por los estudiantes? ¿Qué grado de satisfacción presentan los estudiantes? ¿qué elementos metodológicos intervienen en una adecuada implementación del cambio? ¿Cuáles son los principales aspectos que inciden en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje? ¿Cómo se ve afectada la satisfacción del estudiante?
La universidad en línea de combate. Entrevista con Gustavo De la Rosa (Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, México)
Authors: Zabalza Beraza Miguel A. , Lodeiro Enjo Laura
Published: January 2019

El Doctor Gustavo De la Rosa es profesor de Derecho en la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, México. Combina su trabajo como docente universitario con la presidencia de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos del estado. En su larga carrera profesional ha pasado por puestos tan significativos como líder estudiantil, abogado laboralista, director del Penal de Ciudad Juárez y defensor de los Derechos Humanos en una ciudad tan compleja como Ciudad Juárez. Tanto compromiso social no podía no afectar a su trabajo como docente universitario al que se ha dedicado con intensidad y compromiso durante los últimos 16 años. Su visión de la universidad y la forma de plantear el aprendizaje-servicio con sus estudiantes ofrece una perspectiva diferente del compromiso social que la universidad debería cumplir en contextos conflictivos.
Acute responses of high-intensity circuit training in women: Low physical fitness levels show higher muscle damage
Authors: Nasci Aline Bianca Alves , Orcy Rafael Bueno , Cabistany Léo Dutra , Formalioni Andressa , Del Vecchio Fabrício Boscolo
Published: January 2019

High-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) elicits large improvements in health and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). HIIE can be applied with calisthenics exercises to improve strength and endurance. The acute effects of high-intensity circuit training (HICT) considering different CRF on myological variables are unknown. The aim was measure acute effects of HICT in young women considering different levels of CRF. Twelve women were allocated in two groups, who achieve 41mLO2•kg-1•min-1 or more= High Physical Fitness (HPF, n=5) and who achieve less than 41mLO2•kg-1•min-1= Low Physical Fitness (LPF,n=7). Protocol: 2x4 sets of 20 seconds at maximum intensity (all-out fashion) interspersed with 10 seconds of passive rest (jumping jacks, squat and thrust using 2kg dumbbells, mountain climber, and burpees). Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, 15minutes, 30minutes, one hour and 24 hours after. Heart rate, serum myoglobin, lactate, and creatine kinase (CK) concentration were analyzed. The HR achieved 94.1±3.7% of HRmax for LPF and 104.5±20.3% for HPF, p=0.03. The mean of delta lactate was similar between groups. The highest myoglobin has reached at 1h after the exercise protocol, with 50.0±30.2 ng/mL for LPF and 36.9±9.25 ng/mL for HPF. The delta of total CK before and after the exercise protocol shows that the serum CK level in LPF was significantly higher than HPF group (p=0.042). HICT composed by calisthenic protocol produced elevated and similar effects on HRmax, serum lactate and myoglobin in the woman with HPF and LPF. However, LPF group presented higher muscle damage inferred by serum CK concentrations.
Espaços públicos de lazer e estruturas para atividade física: estudo de observação sistemática do ambiente
Authors: Manta Sofia Wolker , Lopes Adalberto Aparecido dos Santos , Hino Adriano Akira Ferreira , Benedetti Tânia Rosane Bertoldo , Rech Cassiano Ricardo
Published: January 2019

Objetivou-se analisar a quantidade e a qualidade dos espaços públicos de lazer e estruturas para atividades físicas em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Realizou-se, no ano de 2015, um levantamento descritivo da quantidade, tipo e qualidade dos espaços públicos de lazer (EPL) e estruturas para atividade física (AF). A qualidade dos EPL e estruturas para AF foi avaliada por meio de observação sistemática. Um índice de qualidade dos EPL (escore -3 a 6 pontos) foi categorizado em três níveis, qualidade ruim (categoria ≤0), média (0,1 a 2,9) e boa (categoria ≥3). Para análise fez-se uso da estatística descritiva. Dos 214 EPL, maior proporção foi de praças/jardins (n=128; 59,8%). Em 51,9% (n=111) dos EPL tinham qualidade boa. Maior proporção de itens de conforto obteve qualidade boa como iluminação (54,7%), lixeiras (45,8%) e bancos (55,1%). Em mais de 60,0% dos EPL inexistiam incivilidades. Das 377 estruturas para AF identificadas, 53,6% apresentaram qualidade boa e 13,8% qualidade ruim. Os parquinhos infantis (29,4%), academias ao ar livre (15,9%) e campos/canchas de futebol (14,9%) foram mais frequentes, apenas este último menos da metade apresentou qualidade boa (28,6%). Em 29,0% dos EPL inexistiam estruturas para AF. Maior proporção dos EPL tem boa qualidade, mas ainda menos da metade necessitam de melhorias, em conforto, menores incivilidades e maior diversidade de estruturas para AF. Isso poderá promover maior visitação aos EPL e oportunidade de lazer, incluindo a prática de AF.
Harnessing the opportunities of inclusive technologies in a global economy
Authors: Beliz Gustavo , Basco Ana Inés , de Azevedo Belisario
Published: January 2019

In this paper the authors propose that G20 countries endorse and facilitate the creation of a T20 digital platform for “Accelerating the Jobs of the Future”. In a world driven by a new wave of technological change, the platform would revalue the role of think tanks, research institutions and knowledge hubs to move the global agenda in an issue of central importance for the future of society: the creation of the jobs of the future. Building on and complementing existing experiences, the T20 platform would be a digital hub for producing knowledge, informing policies and connecting potential partners to accelerate the jobs of the future, within the context of an increasing integrated global economy. It would also contribute to the development of consensual views among the research community, allowing to discard extreme visions about the jobs of the future, dispelling both overly optimistic visions with no evidence base and unwarranted fears.
Volatile organic compounds and ozone in Rocky Mountain National Park during FRAPPÉ
Authors: Benedict Katherine B. , Zhou Yong , Sive Barkley C. , Prenni Anthony J. , Gebhart Kristi A. , Fischer Emily V. , Evanoski-Cole Ashley , Sullivan Amy P. , Callahan Sara , Schichtel Bret A. , Mao Huiting , Zhou Ying , Collett Jr. Jeffrey L.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The 2014 Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry
Éxperiment (FRAPPÉ) aimed to better characterize summertime air
quality in the Northern Front Range Metropolitan Area (NFRMA) and its impact
on surrounding areas. As part of this study, measurements of
gas- and particle-phase species were collected in Rocky Mountain National Park (ROMO), located
in the mountains west of the urban northern Front Range corridor from
July to October 2014. We report on measurements of ozone from two locations in
the park and a suite of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured using a
continuous real-time gas chromatography (GC) system and a quadrupole
proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PRT-MS) at the ROMO Longs Peak (ROMO-LP) air quality
site. We also measured VOCs using canister samples collected along transects
connecting the NFRMA and ROMO. These datasets show that ROMO is impacted by
NFRMA emission sources, and high observed mixing ratios of VOCs associated
with oil and gas extraction (e.g. ethane) and urban sources (e.g. ethene and
C2Cl4) occur during periods of upslope transport. Hourly ozone
mixing ratios exceeded 70 ppb during six events. Two of the six events were
largely associated with VOCs from the oil and gas sector, three high ozone
events were associated with a mixture of VOCs from urban and oil and gas
sources, and one high ozone event was driven by a stratospheric intrusion.
For the high ozone events most associated with emissions from oil and gas
activities, we estimate that VOCs and NOx from sources along
the Front Range contributed ∼20 ppbv of additional ozone.
Impact of mineral dust on shortwave and longwave radiation: evaluation of different vertically resolved parameterizations in 1-D radiative transfer computations
Authors: Granados-Muñoz María José , Sicard Michael , Román Roberto , Benavent-Oltra Jose Antonio , Barragán Rubén , Brogniez Gerard , Denjean Cyrielle , Mallet Marc , Formenti Paola , Torres Benjamín , Alados-Arboledas Lucas
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Aerosol radiative properties are investigated in southeastern
Spain during a dust event on 16–17 June 2013 in the framework of the ChArMEx/ADRIMED
(Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiative Impact on the
regional climate in the MEDiterranean region) campaign. Particle optical and
microphysical properties from ground-based sun/sky photometer and lidar measurements, as
well as in situ measurements on board the SAFIRE ATR 42 French research aircraft, are
used to create a set of different levels of input parameterizations, which feed the 1-D
radiative transfer model (RTM) GAME (Global Atmospheric ModEl). We consider three
datasets: (1) a first parameterization based on the retrievals by an advanced aerosol
inversion code (GRASP; Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties) applied
to combined photometer and lidar data, (2) a parameterization based on the photometer
columnar optical properties and vertically resolved lidar retrievals with the
two-component Klett–Fernald algorithm, and (3) a parameterization based on vertically
resolved optical and microphysical aerosol properties measured in situ by the aircraft
instrumentation. Once retrieved, the outputs of the RTM in terms of both shortwave and
longwave radiative fluxes are compared against ground and in situ airborne measurements.
In addition, the outputs of the model in terms of the aerosol direct radiative effect are
discussed with respect to the different input parameterizations. Results show that
calculated atmospheric radiative fluxes differ no more than 7 % from the measured ones.
The three parameterization datasets produce a cooling effect due to mineral dust both at
the surface and the top of the atmosphere. Aerosol radiative effects with differences of
up to 10 W m−2 in the shortwave spectral range (mostly due to differences in the
aerosol optical depth) and 2 W m−2 for the longwave spectral range (mainly due to
differences in the aerosol optical depth but also to the coarse mode radius used to
calculate the radiative properties) are obtained when comparing the three
parameterizations. The study reveals the complexity of parameterizing 1-D RTMs as sizing
and characterizing the optical properties of mineral dust is challenging. The use of
advanced remote sensing data and processing, in combination with closure studies on the
optical and microphysical properties from in situ aircraft measurements when available,
is recommended.
Tropopause altitude determination from temperature profiles of reduced altitude resolution
Authors: König Nils , Braesicke Peter , von Clarmann Thomas
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Inference of the lapse rate tropopause or the cold point from temperature profiles of finite vertical resolution entails an uncertainty of the tropopause altitude. For tropical radiosonde profiles the tropopause altitude inferred from coarse grid profiles was found to be lower than that inferred from the original profiles. The mean displacements of the lapse rate tropopause altitude when inferred from a temperature profile of 3 km vertical resolution and a Gaussian kernel is −240 m. In case of a MIPAS averaging kernel the displacement of the lapse rate tropopause altitude is −640 m. The displacement of the cold point tropopause inferred from a temperature profile of 3 km vertical resolution (Gaussian kernels) was found to be −500 km. The spread of the results seems too large to recommend a correction scheme.
Simultaneous measurement of NO and NO2 by dual-channel cavity ring down spectroscopy technique
Authors: Hu Renzhi , Li Zhiyan , Xie Pinhua , chen Hao , Liu Xiaoyan , Liang Shuaixi , Wang Dan , Wang Fengyang , Wang Yihui , Lin Chuan , Liu Jianguo , Liu Wenqing
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are relevant to air quality due to their role in tropospheric ozone (O3) production. In China, NOx emission is high and exhausted from on-road vehicles makes up 20 % of total NOx emissions. Too much NOx are harmful to the human body and animals. In order to detect the NO and NO2 emissions on road, a dual-channel CRDS system for NO2 and NO detection is reported. In this system, NO is converted to NO2 by its reaction with excess O3 in NOx channel, such that NO can be determined through the difference between two channels. The detection limits of the developed CRDS system for NO2 and NOx measurements are estimated to be about 0.030 ppb (1σ, 1 s) and 0.040 ppb (1σ, 1 s), respectively. Considering the error sources of NO2 absorption cross section and RL determination, the total uncertainty of NO2 measurements is about 5 %. The CRDS method is capable of measuring species with high sensitivity and accuracy. The performance of the system was validated against a chemiluminescence (CL) analyzer (42i, Thermo Scientific, Inc.) when measuring the NO2 standard mixtures. The results of NO2 with standard mixtures sampled showed a linear correction factor (R2) of 0.99 in a slope of 1.031 ± 0.006, with an offset of (−0.940 ± 0.323) ppb. An intercomparison between the system and a cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) instrument for NO2 measurement was also conducted alone in ambient environment. Least-squares analysis showed that the slope and intercept of the regression line are 1.042 ± 0.002 and (−0.393 ± 0.040) ppb, respectively, with a linear correlation factor of R2 = 0.99. Another intercomparison conducted between the system and the CL analyzer for NO detection also showed a good agreement within their uncertainties, with an absolute shift of (0.352 ± 0.013) ppb, a slope of 0.957 ± 0.007 and a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.99. The measurements of on-road vehicle emission plumes by this mobile CRDS instrument show the different emission characteristics in the urban and suburban areas of Hefei. The instrument provides a new method for retrieving fast variations of NO and NO2 plumes.
Humic surface waters of frozen peat bogs (permafrost zone) are highly resistant to bio- and photodegradation
Authors: Shirokova Liudmila S. , Chupakov Artem V. , Zabelina Svetlana A. , Neverova Natalia V. , Payandi-Rolland Dahedrey , Causseraund Carole , Karlsson Jan , Pokrovsky Oleg S.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Bio- and photo-degradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is identified as dominant vector of C cycle in boreal and high-latitude surface waters. In contrast to large number of studies of humic waters from permafrost-free regions and oligotrophic waters from permafrost-bearing regions, the bio- and photo-lability of DOM from humic surface waters of permafrost-bearing regions has not been thoroughly evaluated. Following standardized methods, we measured biodegradation (low, intermediate, high temperature) and photodegradation (one intermediate temperature) of DOM in surface waters along the hydrological continuum (depression → stream → thermokarst lake → river Pechora) within a European Russian frozen peatland. In all systems, there was no measurable (≥ 10 %) bio- or photodegradation of DOM over 1 month of incubation. It is possible that the main cause of the lack of degradation is the dominance of allochthonous refractory (soil, peat) DOM in all studied waters. Yet, all surface waters were supersaturated with CO2. Thus, this study suggest that, rather than bio- and photo-degradation of DOM in the water column, other factors such as peat porewater DOM processing and respiration of sediments are the main drivers of elevated pCO2 and emission in humic boreal waters of frozen peat bogs.
Implementation and performance of adaptive mesh refinement in the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM v4.14)
Authors: dos Santos Thiago Dias , Morlighem Mathieu , Seroussi Hélène , Devloo Philippe Remy Bernard , Simões Jefferson Cardia
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Accurate projections of the evolution of ice sheets in a changing climate
require a fine mesh/grid resolution in ice sheet models to correctly capture
fundamental physical processes, such as the evolution of the grounding line,
the region where grounded ice starts to float. The evolution of the grounding
line indeed plays a major role in ice sheet dynamics, as it is a fundamental
control on marine ice sheet stability. Numerical modeling of a grounding line
requires significant computational resources since the accuracy of its
position depends on grid or mesh resolution. A technique that improves
accuracy with reduced computational cost is the adaptive mesh refinement
(AMR) approach. We present here the implementation of the AMR technique in
the finite element Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM) to simulate grounding line
dynamics under two different benchmarks: MISMIP3d and MISMIP+. We test
different refinement criteria: (a) distance around the grounding line, (b) a
posteriori error estimator, the Zienkiewicz–Zhu (ZZ) error estimator, and
(c) different combinations of (a) and (b). In both benchmarks, the ZZ error
estimator presents high values around the grounding line. In the MISMIP+ setup,
this estimator also presents high values in the grounded
part of the ice sheet, following the complex shape of the bedrock geometry.
The ZZ estimator helps guide the refinement procedure such that AMR
performance is improved. Our results show that computational time with AMR
depends on the required accuracy, but in all cases, it is significantly
shorter than for uniformly refined meshes. We conclude that AMR without an
associated error estimator should be avoided, especially for real glaciers
that have a complex bed geometry.
Phase optimization of thermally actuated piezoresistive resonant MEMS cantilever sensors
Authors: Setiono Andi , Fahrbach Michael , Xu Jiushuai , Bertke Maik , Nyang'au Wilson Ombati , Hamdana Gerry , Wasisto Hutomo Suryo , Peiner Erwin
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The asymmetric resonance response in
thermally actuated piezoresistive cantilever sensors causes a need for
optimization, taking parasitic actuation–sensing effects into account. In
this work, two compensation methods based on Wheatstone bridge (WB) input
voltage (VWB_in) adjustment and reference circuit involvement
were developed and investigated to diminish those unwanted coupling
influences. In the first approach, VWB_in was increased,
resulting in a higher current flowing through the WB piezoresistors as well
as a temperature gradient reduction between the thermal actuator (heating
resistor: HR) and the WB, which can consequently minimize the parasitic
coupling. Nevertheless, increasing VWB_in (e.g., from 1 to
3.3 V) may also yield an unwanted increase in power consumption by
more than 10 times. Therefore, a second compensation method was considered:
i.e., a reference electronic circuit is integrated with the cantilever
sensor. Here, an electronic reference circuit was developed, which mimics the
frequency behavior of the parasitic coupling. By subtracting the output of
this circuit from the output of the cantilever, the resonance response can
thus be improved. Both simulated and measured data show optimized amplitude
and phase characteristics around resonant frequencies of 190.17 and
202.32 kHz, respectively. With this phase optimization in place, a
phase-locked-loop (PLL) based system can be used to track the resonant
frequency in real time, even under changing conditions of temperature (T)
and relative humidity (RH), respectively. Finally, it is expected to enhance
the sensitivity of such piezoresistive electro-thermal cantilever sensors
under loading with any target analytes (e.g., particulate matter, gas, and
humidity).
Atmospheric conditions of extreme precipitation events in western Turkey for the period 2006–2015
Authors: Akkoyunlu Bulent Oktay , Baltaci Hakki , Tayanc Mete
Published: January 2019

Abstract. This paper investigates the precipitation types and background physical
mechanisms of extreme precipitation events (EPEs) over western Turkey during
the period 2006–2015. The EPEs are described as the precipitation values
above the 90th percentile obtained from the hourly precipitation dataset, which has high spatial resolution. Precipitation types associated with EPEs are
identified by using radar outputs and the Lamb weather type (LWT) approach. It is
found that EPEs occurred more frequently in the Marmara and Aegean regions
during autumn and winter months. In Marmara, mainly 21 %, 17 %, and 15 %
of total autumn EPEs show convective, cyclonic, and sea-effect precipitation characteristics, respectively. While convective EPEs are seen more commonly in
the southern portions, cyclonic and sea-effect-originated EPEs mainly affect
the southwest and northeastern parts of Marmara. Among these three
precipitation types, convective mechanisms generally produce more intense
daily precipitation (66.1 mm on average) in the Marmara Region under the
proper synoptic conditions (high-pressure center over the Balkan Peninsula and
low-pressure center over the eastern Mediterranean). Based on the hourly
observations, convective types of extreme precipitation (EP) show two peak
values during afternoon and evening times of the day and are linked to
diurnal heating. In terms of the Aegean Region, cyclone-originated EP, which
includes 65 % of the total winter EPEs, is more common in the whole
territory and reaches its peak value during the early hours of the day.
Marine Ecosystem forecasts: skill performance of the CMEMS
Mediterranean Sea model system
Authors: Salon Stefano , Cossarini Gianpiero , Bolzon Giorgio , Feudale Laura , Lazzari Paolo , Teruzzi Anna , Solidoro Cosimo , Crise Alessandro
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The quality of the upgraded version of the CMEMS biogeochemical operational system of the Mediterranean Sea (MedBFM) is assessed in terms of consistency and forecast skill, following a mixed validation protocol that exploits different reference data from satellite, oceanographic databases, Biogeochemical Argo floats, literature. We demonstrate that the GODAE metrics paradigm can be efficiently applied to validate an operational model system for biogeochemical and ecosystem forecasts. The accuracy of the CMEMS biogeochemical products for Mediterranean Sea can be achieved from basin-wide and seasonal scale to mesoscale and weekly scale, and its level depends on the specific variable and the availability of reference data. In particular, the use of the Biogeochemical Argo floats data allows for a relevant enhancement of the validation framework of operational biogeochemical models, providing new skill metrics for key biogeochemical processes and dynamics (e.g. deep chlorophyll maximum depth), which can be easily implemented to routinely monitor the quality of the products and highlight any possible anomaly.
Criando Material educacional: invoçao, arduino e movimiento maker
Authors: Gomes da Silva Cristiane Samária , Sforza Gil María del Carmen
Published: January 2019

En un Fab Lab de la ciudad de San Pablo, de una forma muy dinámica y rápida, con el auxilio de la comunidad maker elaboramos un kit educativo pensado en universalizar el acceso a recursos tecnológicos de bajo costo con el que los principiantes en electrónica pueden tener su primer contacto con los principios de electrónica, y con la programación de un Arduino Uno. Nuestro desafío fue el siguiente: ¿Qué tal crear nuestro propio material? ¿Y si fuera con la forma de un Fusquita con luces parpadeando alegremente? Este simpático y popular coche conocido universalmente puede ser un buen embajador del Arduino que también se está utilizando en todo el mundo. Y, en este contexto, baseados en la teoría del construccionismo de Seymour Papert (1985 y 2007), de los 4Ps de Mitchel Resnick (2018) y de la educación manos en la masa, un producto creado en el marco de un Fab Lab rompió las fronteras. Entró en ambientes educativos, llevando la cultura maker para esos espacios. Además, proporcionó un puente entre los makers y la educación.