bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF DEFINING ECONOMIC SECURITY AS AN ECONOMIC CATEGORY
Authors: Bidziura. E.
Published: February 2022

This article is devoted to the theoretical foundations of the study of economic security, as a result of which security is defined as a norm of functioning that arises when using actual and potential opportunities focused on enhancing one's vitality in the face of internal and external threats. The author's interpretation of the concept of «economic security» is proposed on the basis of the selected approaches and methodology of N.V. Gerasimov in defining the «economic system of society»: economic security is the maintenance of the norm of functioning of the subject, which is ensured by creating a single, stable, organizationally formalized, relatively independent set of mechanisms focused on the implementation of socio-economic interests and outlined strategic goals in the context of actualized and potential threats. Revealed the interdependence of economic security and the needs of the subjects.
INDICATOR APPROACH FOR ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF THE ARCTIC COASTAL REGIONS
Authors: Gogoberidze G. , Levkevich V. , Rumiantceva E. , Serhiyevich. T.
Published: February 2022

The Arctic zone is a strategically important region for the sustainable development of the Russian Federation and the Union State. At the same time, an absolutely large part of the population and economic activity in the Arctic is concentrated in the coastal zone. For the effective decision-making process support on the sustainable development of Arctic regions, it is necessary to develop scientific justifications for the implementation of Arctic strategies. As a such tool an information and analytical system can be used in the form of a model of strategic spatial planning of Arctic coastal eco-socioeconomic systems based on an indicator approach. The current state and trends of socio-economic development of the Arctic coastal regions of Russia are analyzed as an approbation of this model.
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN TES KEMAMPUAN BAHASA ARAB BAGI MAHASISWA IAIN PONOROGO
Authors: Ba'ul Chusna Ali , Niswatul Fauziah Hanin
Published: February 2022

Evaluasi pembelajaran dilaksanakan guna mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan kegiatan pembelajaran yang telah dilaksanakan. Dalam pelaksanaannya, kegiatan ini membutuhkan sebuah alat ukur yang bernama tes. Pengembangan tes hendaknya mampu mengikuti perkembangan zaman dengan memanfaatkan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Salah satunya adalah dengan memanfaatkan multimedia yang ada saat ini dalam pengembangan tes kemampuan Bahasa Arab. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan tes kemampuan Bahasa Arab bebasis komputer serta hasil uji kelayakan penggunaannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah RnD dengan model ADDIE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan tes dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan program wondershare quiz. Tes yang dikembangkan meliputi keterampilan menyimak, keterampilan membaca, dan tata bahasa. Adapun hasil uji kelayakan menunjukkan bahwa produk baik dan layak untuk digunakan.
PENGEMBANGAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN STOP MOTION DENGAN APLIKASI WONDERSHARE FILMORA PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Nur Rohmah Putri , Hidayat Sholeh , Subhan Pamungkas Aan , Wilujeng Hestu
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan supaya media pembelajaran dalam mengembangkan video stop motion pada mata pelajaran matematika sekolah dasar. Adapun dalam materi dituangkan pada video stop motion ini yakni menghitung hasil perkalian. Subjek dalam penelitian yakni peserta didik kelas III SDN Gorda 1 yang berjumlah 21 siswa. Penggunaan metoda pada penelitian ini yakni R&D (Research and Development) melalui model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluate). Data yang dikumpulkan pada penelitian pengembangan yakni melalui cara tanya jawab pada wawancara serta kuesioner (angket). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa video pembelajaran stop motion memiliki kelayakan dalam penggunaannya sebagai media belajar. Hal tersebut dilihat melalui hasilnya penilaian dilaksanakan dengan validator ahli media dan materi. Hasil dari validasi kepada ahli media yakni senilai 92.1% kriteria sangat layak, sedangkan validasi kepada ahli materi yaitu 85,3% kriteria sangat layak. Selain itu, hasil angket respon siswa sebesar 97,6% kriteria sangat baik, dengan begitu menyimpulkan bahwa video pembelajaran stop motion ini dapat diberikan pemahamannya untuk kelas III SDN Gorda 1 terhadap pembelajaran matematika materi perkalian.
An optimized protocol for propidium monoazide treatment
Authors: Shen Jiaxian , Rose Laura J. , Perry-Dow K. Allison , Hartmann Erica M.
Published: February 2022

The application of propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment is partially impeded by the failure to obtain consistent results. Though the reason is multifaceted, the lack of explicitly outlined protocols exacerbates the issue. Here we present an optimized protocol with steps and notes described in detail. This is helpful to achieve consistent results across samples and batches.
An investigation of near miss organizational learning in nursing organization: A mixed method study
Authors: Feng Tingting , Zhang Xin , Tan Lingling , Su Yuanyuan , Liu Huaping
Published: February 2022

Background: Near miss organizational learning is important for perspective and proactive risk management. Although nursing organization is the largest component of the healthcare system and always act as the final safety barrier, there is little research about the current status of near miss organizational learning. Thus, we conducted this research to explore near miss organizational learning in a Chinese nursing organization at first and lay a solid foundation for future improvement.Methods: This is mixed method research with an explanatory sequence. It was conducted in a Chinese nursing organization of a tertiary hospital under the guidance of the 4I Framework of Organizational Learning. The quantitative study explored near miss organizational learning with 600 nurses by random sampling. Then, we applied purposive sampling to recruit 16 nurses across managerial levels from low-, middle- and high-scored nursing units and conducted semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistics, structured equation modelling and content analysis were applied in the data analysis. The GRAMMS checklist was used to report this study.Results: Only 33% of participants recognized near miss correctly, and 4% of participants always reported near miss. The 4I Framework of Organizational Learning was verified in the surveyed nursing organization (χ2=0.775, P=0.379, RMSEA<0.01), and the current organizational learning behaviour was not conducive to near miss organizational learning due to poor group-level learning (bGG=0.284) and poor learning absorption (bMisalignment= -0.339). In addition, researchers developed 13 codes, 9 categories and 5 themes to deduct the near miss organizational learning, which is characterized by nurses’ unfamiliarity with near miss, preference and the dominance of first-order problem solving behaviour, the suspension of near miss learning since group level and poor absorption of learning.Conclusions: This is pioneering research to investigate near miss organizational learning in nursing organizations under a solid theoretic foundation. The results showed that the performance of near miss organizational learning is unsatisfying even in nursing organization of tertiary hospital; therefore, the situation may be worse in primary hospitals. Thus, more studies should be done to investigate near miss organizational learning and propose useful strategies for improvement.
Prevalence and Impact of Cerebrovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Giant Cell Arteritis: An Observational Study from the Spanish National Registry.
Authors: Sánchez-Chica Enrique , Martínez-Urbistondo María , Gutiérrez-Rojas Ángela , Castejón Raquel , Vargas-Nuñez Juan A , Moreno-Torres Victor
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES. To assess the prevalence and impact of cerebrovascular risk factors (CRF) on major cerebrovascular events in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA).METHODS.Analysis of the patients diagnosed with GCA identified in the Spanish Hospital Discharge Database between 2016 and 2018. Admissions due to cerebrovascular events (CVE, composed by stroke and transient ischemic attack) were compared to the admissions due to other causes. The factors related to cerebrovascular events were assessed by a multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS.8,474 hospital admissions from patients diagnosed with GCA were identified. Mean age was 80.8 years and 36.4% were male. 67.2% were hypertense, 27.8% diabetic, 36.7% dyslipidemic, 14.2% smokers and 6.8% presented prior atherosclerosis diagnosis. Overall mortality rate was 6.5%. 3.4% of the admissions were motivated by CVE (stroke in 2.8% and TIA in 0.6%). When compared with the admissions due to other causes, the patients who suffered from CVE presented a higher rate of male sex (36.2 vs 43.5%, p=0.007), hypertension (66.9% vs 74.4%, p=0.004), diabetes (27.6% vs 33.7%, p=0.016) and atherosclerosis (6.6% vs 10.2%, p=0.0.017). After adjustment, male sex (OR= 1.35, 95% CI 1.06-1.72) and mainly hypertension (OR=1.44, 95% CI 1.11-1.90) were associated with a higher risk of CVE.CONCLUSION. Hypertension, along with male sex, was the strongest risk factor for cerebrovascular events in GCA patients. In these high-risk patients, antiplatelet therapy should be re-considered and evaluated in prospective studies.
Assessing the impact of a novel house design on the incidence of malaria in children in rural Africa: study protocol for a household randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Mshamu Salum , Mmbando Arnold , Meta Judith , Bradley John ,   Thomas Chavalier Bøjstrup5, Day Nicholas PJ , Mukaka Mavuto , Okumu Fredros , Olotu Ally , Pell Christopher , Deen Jacqueline , Knudsen Jakob , Lindsay Steven W , von Seidlein Lorenz
Published: February 2022

Background:Traditional rural housing in hot, humid regions of sub-Saharan Africa usually consists of single-level, poorly ventilated dwellings. Houses are mostly poorly screened against malaria mosquitoes and limited airflow discourages the use of bednets resulting in high indoor transmission. This study aims to determine whether living in a novel design house with elevated bedrooms and permeable screened walls reduces malaria among children in rural Tanzania.Methods/study design:This is a household-randomized, controlled study in 60 villages in Mtwara, Tanzania. A total of 550 households are randomly selected, 110 of which are allocated a novel design house and 440 households continue to reside in traditional houses. A dynamic cohort of about 1,650 children under 13 years will be enrolled and followed for 3 years, approximately 330 living in novel design house s and 1,320 in traditional rural houses. The primary endpoint is the incidence of malaria, secondary endpoints are incidences of acute respiratory tract infections and diarrhoea diseases detected by passive and active surveillance. Exposure to malaria mosquitoes will be assessed using light traps in all study houses. Structural, economic, and social science studies will assess the durability, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of the new houses compared with traditional housing. Environmental data will be collected indoors and outdoors in study homes to assess differences between house typologies. Discussion:This is the first randomized-controlled trial to assess protective efficacy of a new house design targeting malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. The findings of this study could influence the future construction of homes in hot and humid zones of Africa. Trial registration: NCT04529434
Prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease & its association with physical function in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Noda Takumi , Kamiya Kentaro , Hamazaki Nobuaki , Nozaki Kohei , Ichikawa Takafumi , Yamashita Masashi , Uchida Shota , Maekawa Emi , Terada Tasuku , Reed Jennifer , Yamaoka-Tojo Minako , Matsunaga Atsuhiko , Ako Junya
Published: February 2022

Background and Aims: It is widely known that patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is linked to sarcopenia and physical dysfunction. However, the relationship between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and physical dysfunction remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MAFLD in patients with ACS to assess the relationship between MAFLD and muscle strength, walking speed, and 6-minute walking distance (6 MWD).Methods and Results: We reviewed patients with ACS who were assessed for hepatic steatosis using the fatty liver index, and the results were further assessed to determine the presence of MAFLD. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the association between MAFLD and physical function. Among 479 enrolled hospitalized patients, MAFLD was identified in 234 (48.9%) patients. We conducted a multiple regression analysis in which MAFLD was independently associated with lower leg strength, gait speed, and 6 MWD (leg strength, P = 0.023; gait speed, P = 0.002 and 6 MWD, P = 0.017). Furthermore, having more metabolic impairment was still associated with lower physical function decline (leg strength, P for trend = 0.002; gait speed, P for trend = 0.019 and 6 MWD, P for trend = 0.003).Conclusions: MAFLD is common in hospitalized patients with ACS, and most patients with MAFLD have many overlapping metabolic abnormalities. MAFLD is associated with impaired physical function, and the greater the number of overlapping metabolic abnormalities, the worse the motor function.Registration number: KMEO B18-075
Atorvastatin For Reduction Of 28-Day Mortality In Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Protocol For A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial
Authors: Emara Moataz Maher , Elsawy Neamat Hamdy , Abdelaaty Kholoud M. , Elhamaky Amal salah , Eltahan Naglaa Hamdi
Published: February 2022

Background: Although mass vaccination has reduced the severity of COVID-19, mortality is still high among hospitalized patients. Being a sepsis-like disease, an anti-inflammatory drug as atorvastatin would reduce mortality and severity in COVID-19. Methods: We designed a randomized clinical trial that recruited 220 COVID-19 patients admitted in the COVID-19 isolation hospital at Mansoura University, Egypt. 110 cases were assigned to receive 40 mg Atorvastatin once daily for 28 days and 110 were assigned to receive placebo. Delta Pharm company supported the study with the drug and the placebo, which mimics the drug as regards the drug package, the tablet color, consistency, and size. All patients received the standard treatment as per the hospital protocol. The Institutional Review Board approval and the informed consent from all participants were obtained. The primary outcome is the 28-day all-cause mortality. Additionally, we will collect the in-hospital mortality, the need for mechanical ventilation, time to clinical improvement, in-hospital thrombo-embolic events, acute kidney injury, and the hospital and the intensive care duration of stay. We plan to follow the patients up for 6 months for reporting mortality and long-term neurological, psychological, and respiratory consequences. We will report the un-adjusted 28-mortality using X2. Then, we will report the adjusted odds ratio with a pre-planned multiple logistic regression model. We will report our results using the point estimate and the 95% confidence interval and the P-value. Discussion: After summarizing the main results of the study, we will discuss the outcomes with the current evidence. In addition to the planned regression model results, we would report any potential effect modifications after the planned subgroup analysis by the disease severity and the invasive mechanical ventilation status. In the end, we will conclude the risk reduction of atorvastatin on the 28-day all-cause mortality and the main secondary outcomes. Trial registration: The study was registered at the Clinical Trial Registry (NCT04952350) on July 1st , 2021. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04952350
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange: Impact on Survival in Patients With Covid-19
Authors: Fonseca-González Gandhi , Alamilla-Sánchez Mario , García-Macas Vanessa , Herrera-Acevedo José , Villalobos-Brito Mauricio , Tapia-Rangel Edgar , Maldonado-Tapia Diana , López-Mendoza Mónica , Cano-Cervantes José Horacio , Orozco-Vázquez Julita , Timarán-Montenegro David , Cortés-Martínez Silvia , Escarela-Serrano Maricela , Muñoz-López Sandra , Montiel-López Luis , Mondragón-Terán Paul , Suárez-Cuenca Juan Antonio
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND. Five percent of cases of COVID-19 will develop acute respiratory distress syndrome and cytokine storm syndrome, which are leading causes of death in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Plasma exchange therapy (PLEX) effectively removes pro-inflammatory factors, modulating and restoring innate and adaptive immune responses. This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the impact of PLEX on the survival of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 and the effect on the cytokine release syndrome. METHODS. Hospitalized patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection and cytokine storm syndrome were selected to receive 2 sessions of PLEX or standard therapy. Primary outcome was all-cause 60-days mortality; secondary outcome was requirement of mechanical ventilation, SOFA, NEWs-2 scores modification, reduction of pro-inflammatory biomarkers and hospitalization time. RESULTS. Twenty patients received PLEX were compared against 40 patients receiving standard therapy. PLEX reduced 60-days mortality (50% vs 20%; OR 0.25, 95%CI 0.071 - 0.880; p = 0.029), and this effect was independent from demographic variables and drug therapies used. PLEX significantly decreased SOFA, NEWs-2, pro-inflammatory mediators and increased lymphocyte count, accompanied with a trend to reduce affected lung volume, without effect on SatO2/FiO2 indicator or mechanical ventilation requirement. CONCLUSIONS. PLEX therapy provided significant benefits of pro-inflammatory clearance and reduction of 60-days mortality in selected patients with COVID-19, without significant adverse events.
Feasibility study on the micro-forming of novel metal foil arrays based on submerged cavitating water-jet impingement
Authors: Li Fuzhu , Yan Ying , Zhang Kun , Ren Yi , Ren Lihui , Ma Honglei , Wang Yun , He Peiyu
Published: February 2022

To solve the problems of high cost and complex technology in the current plastic forming method of metal foil, a micro-forming method of submerged cavitation water-jet metal foil array with cavitation collapse shock wave loading is presented in this paper, which has advantages of high efficiency, flexibility, low cost and environmental protection. 304 stainless steel foil array micro-pore formation was taken as an example in this paper. The mixing nozzle was designed and three regions where the cavitation water-jet acts on were analysed. The influence law of target distance, impact time on the forming depth and uniformity of metal foil array was examined and the optimal position of array micro-forming in the impact zone of vacuoles collapse was revealed. Results indicate that the depth and uniformity of array micro-pores in the impact zone of cavitation collapse increases with time. However, with the increase of the target distance, it will increase first and then decrease; the depth of the array micro-pores on the radius r=13.6 mm can reach 166.4 μm, and the variance is only 5.9 μm under the condition of impact time of 5 min, target distance of 120 mm and pressure of 20 MPa; the maximum surface roughness is 1.54 μm and the thinning rate is between 2% and 10%.
Erbil Basin Groundwater Recharge Potential Zone Determination Using Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Hamad Rahel
Published: February 2022

Context: Severe water scarcity has occurred in the Erbil Basin (EB) due to climate change and mismanagement of water resources during the past three decades. Assessment of the potential area of groundwater recharge is extremely significant for the protection and management of groundwater systems and water quality. Objectives: This research aims to use the Fuzzy-Analytic Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) technique to recharge the aquifer in places in the EB that are likely to be groundwater recharge areas in a geographic information system (GIS) environment. Methods: GIS, remote sensing (RS), and F-AHP techniques were used to map the groundwater recharge potential zone in EB. Eight different geo-environmental factors were used to determine potential groundwater areas, namely; rainfall, lithology, geology, soil, slope, lineament density, land use/land cover (LULC), and Drainage density (Dd). Then, the weights of the different thematic layers were assigned using a pairwise comparison matrix through the F-AHP. Results: The total groundwater potential zone was shown to cover a very high area of 210.85 square kilometers (km2), a high area of 188.94 km2, a moderate area of 573.06 km2, a low area of 1956.48 km2, and a very low area of 216.34 km2, according to the groundwater recharge potential zones (GWRPZs) map. As a result, nearly one-third of the areas investigated were found to have moderate-to-very high groundwater recharge potential. Conclusions: This type of research can provide decision-makers and local governments with a broad perspective on current and future planning groundwater scarcity.
Bias In Algorithms Of AI Systems Developed For COVID-19: A Scoping Review
Authors: Delgado Janet , de Manuel Alicia , Parra Iris , Moyano Cristian , Rueda Jon , Gueresenzvaig Ariel , Ausín Txetxu , Cruz Maite , Casacuberta David , Puyol Angel
Published: February 2022

Objective: to analyze which ethically relevant biases have been identified by academic literature in artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms developed either for patient risk prediction and triage, or for contact tracing to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, to specifically investigate whether the role of social determinants of health (SDOH) have been considered in these AI developments or not. Methods: we conducted a scoping review of the literature, which covered publications from March 2020 to April 2021. ​Studies mentioning biases on AI algorithms developed for contact tracing and medical triage or risk prediction regarding COVID-19 were included.Results: from 1054 identified articles, 20 studies were finally included. We propose a typology of biases identified in the literature based on bias, limitations and other ethical issues in both areas of analysis. Results on health disparities and SDOH were classified into five categories: racial disparities, biased data, socio-economic disparities, unequal accessibility and workforce, and information communication. Discussion: SDOH needs to be considered in the clinical context, where they still seem underestimated. Epidemiological conditions depend on geographic location, so the use of local data in studies to develop international solutions may increase some biases. Gender bias was not specifically addressed in the articles included. Conclusions: the main biases are related to data collection and management. Ethical problems related to privacy, consent, and lack of regulation have been identified in contact tracing while some bias-related health inequalities have been highlighted. There is a need for further research focusing on SDOH and these specific AI apps.
The effect of Helicobacter pylori on the gastric expression of LOX-1 and CD-36: the role of CRP and ox-LDL
Authors: Ghanbariha Gholamreza , Dabiri Reza , MirmohammadKhani Majid , Habibzadeh Mojdeh , Semnani Vahid , Pakdel Abbas
Published: February 2022

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) concentrations on the expression of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LOX-1) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD-36) genes in gastric biopsies of individuals with and without Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.Methods and Results: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated 74 subjects based on gastritis and H. pylori infection in three groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serum levels of high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) and ox-LDL. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was run to compare LOX-1 and CD-36 gene expression.Comparison of LOX-1 gene expression in H. pylori and gastritis positive (P = 0.025) and H. pylori-negative and gastritis-positive (P = 0.010) to H. pylori and gastritis-negative groups showed a significant difference. CD-36 expression levels were lower in the H. pylori and gastritis positive group than in the non-gastritis and H. pylori group (p = 0.051). Although there was a weak correlation between serum hs-CRP concentration and LOX-1 expression (r = 0.219, P = 0.058), there was no correlation between serum levels of ox-LDL and LOX-1 expression and CD-36.Conclusion: Based on the investigation results, two factors, H. pylori, and gastritis increase LOX-1 expression and decrease CD-36 expression. Based on our results, an increase in plasma hs-CRP levels may be associated with an increase in LOX-1 expression.
Photopic Negative Response Recorded with RETevalTM System in Eyes with Optic Nerve Disorders
Authors: Yamashita Tsutomu , Kato Kumiko , Kondo Mineo , Miki Atsushi , Araki Syunsuke , Goto Katsutoshi , Ieki Yoshiaki , Kiryu Junichi
Published: February 2022

Background: Electroretinography (ERG) is used to evaluate the physiological status of the retina and optic nerve. The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of ERGs recorded with the RETeval system in diagnosing optic nerve diseases.Subjects and methods: Forty-eight patients with optic nerve disorders, including optic neuritis, ischemic optic neuropathy, traumatic optic neuropathy, and dominant optic atrophy, and 36 normal control subjects were studied. The amplitudes of the photopic negative response (PhNR) were recorded with the RETeval system without mydriasis. The circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT) was determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The significance of the correlations between the PhNR and cpRNFLT parameters were determined, and the receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses were performed for the PhNR and cpRNFLT. Results: Patients with optic nerve disorders had a significantly smaller PhNRs compared to the control subjects (P=0.001). The ROC analyses indicated that both PhNR and cpRNFLT had comparable diagnostic abilities of detecting optic nerve disorders with PhNR at 0.857 and cpRNFLT at 0.764.Conclusion: The PhNR components recorded with the RETeval system have comparable diagnostic ability as the cpRNFLT in diagnosing optic nerve disorders.
Machine Learning Model to Identify Prognostic Factors in Glioblastoma: A SEER-Based Analysis
Authors: Bakirarar Batuhan , Egemen Emrah , YAKAR FATİH
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study to create a competing risk model to identify prognostic factors in glioblastoma (GB). The study included 31663 patients diagnosed with GB between 2007 and 2018. The data in the study were taken from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Overall survivals (OS), age, race, gender, primary site, laterality, surgery and tumor size at the time of diagnosis, vital status, and follow-up time (months)were selected for the analyzes. The median OS of the patients was found to be 9.00±0.09 months. In addition, all variables in the table were statistically significant risk factors for survival except gender. Therefore, surgery, age, laterality, primary site, tumor size, race, gender variables were used as independent risk factors, and vital status was used as a dependent variable for ML analysis. Looking at the ML results, Hybrid Model gave the best results according to Accuracy, F-measure, and MCC performance criteria. According to hybrid model, which has the best performance, the diagnosis of alive/dead in 84 and 74 out of 100 patients can be interpreted as correct for 1- and 2-year, respectively. Recognition of the fundamental ideas will allow neurosurgeons to understand BD and help evaluate the extraordinary amount of data within the associated healthcare field.
Regional disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infections by labour market indicators: a spatial panel analysis using German notification data
Authors: Wahrendorf Morten , Reuter Marvin , Hoebel Jens , Wachtler Benjamin , Höhmann Annika , Dragano Nico
Published: February 2022

Background

Regional labour markets and their properties are named as potential reasons for regional variations in SARS-CoV-2 infections rates, but empirical evidence is missing.

Methods

Using notification data on laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, we calculated weekly age-standardised incidence rates (ASIRs) for working-age populations at the regional level of Germany’s 400 districts. Data covered nearly two years (March 2020 till December 2021), including four main waves of the pandemic. For each of the pandemic waves, we investigated regional differences in weekly ASIRs according to three regional labour market indicators: (1) employment rate, (2) employment by sector, and (3) capacity to work from home. We use spatial panel regression analysis, which incorporates geospatial information and accounts for regional clustering of infections.

Results

For all four pandemic waves under study, we found that regions with higher proportions of people in employment had higher ASIRs and a steeper increase of infections during the waves. Further, the composition of the workforce mattered: rates were higher in regions with larger secondary sectors or if opportunities of working from home were comparatively low. Associations remained consistent after adjusting for potential confounders, including a proxy measure of regional vaccination progress.

Conclusions

If further validated by studies using individual-level data, our study calls for increased intervention efforts to improve protective measures at the workplace, particularly among workers of the secondary sector with no opportunities to work from home. It also points to the necessity of strengthening work and employment as essential components of pandemic preparedness plans.
Theoretical Study of Effective Parameters in the Friction Reduction by Ultrasonic Vibrations in Solid Surfaces
Authors: Avati Ali Fattahi , Karafi Mohammad Reza
Published: February 2022

Ultrasonic vibrations are used in many fields to reduce friction forces. In this paper, the reasons for the reduction of friction in solid surfaces are investigated by using the friction model of Dahl and the elastic-plastic contact model. Based on the theoretical model, four parameters: relative velocity, contact surface, distance between surfaces, and Young's modulus, are effective in the frictional force reduction. This study is validated using experimental tests. The results showed that the effects of oscillations of the relative velocity and changes of contact surfaces on the friction reduction are 51% and 12%, respectively. The minimum effect, among the factors, was related to Young's modulus with a value of 1%. The reason for the force reduction is the nonlinear behavior of the contact surface, contact stiffness, and the friction force functions. Fluctuations in their input parameters causes an asymmetric oscillation in the value of those functions. This feature changes the average value of these functions and therefore reduces the friction forces.
Study on the Therapeutic Effect of ESPB for Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Vertebroplasty
Authors: Ju Peng , Jiang Dianming
Published: February 2022

Objective To compare the difference oftherapeutic effect between percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP)alone and PVP + Erector spinal plane block (ESPB) in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). Methods After admission, 100 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture were randomly divided into PVP group (control group) and PVP+ESPB group (observation group) by lottery with 50 patients in each group.The visual analog pain scores (VAS) and oswestry disability index (ODI) of each group were compared before surgery, 2 hours after surgery and at the time of hospital discharge. The operation time, filling volume of intraoperative bone cement, intraoperative bloodloss, and surgery cost of each group were compared.Theearly postoperative ambulation time and early postoperative defecation (stool) time ofeach group were compared to explore the difference.Results The PVP+ESPB group had better visual analog pain scores (VAS) and oswestry disability index (ODI) at 2 hours after surgery and at the time of hospital discharge, and better early postoperative ambulation timeand early postoperative defecation (stool) timethan the PVP group (p<0.05). There were no differences in the visual analog pain scoresand oswestry disability index before surgery, operative time, filling volume of intraoperative bone cement, intraoperative blood loss, and surgery cost between the two groups, and no complications occurred between the two groups after surgery and at the time of hospital discharge. Conclusion PVP+ESPB for OVCF is associated with lower VAS, more significant pain relief, and lower oswestry disability index in patients after surgery than PVP alone for OVCF, and patients are able to engage in ambulation time earlier. Meanwhile, PVP+ESPB promotes recovery of intestinalfunction and improves patients’ quality of life so as tocontribute toquick recovery.
LncRNA RAD51B-AS1 promotes the malignant biological behavior of ovarian cancer via upregulation of RAD51B
Authors: Wei Xinyi , Wang Conghui , Tang Sangsang , Yang Qian , Shen Zhangjin , Zhu Jiawei , Cheng Xiaodong , Wang Xinyu , Xie Xing , Xu Junfen , Lu Weiguo
Published: February 2022

Background Ovarian cancer (OC) has the highest fatality rate amongst all gynecologic malignancies. Exploring new factors and pathways associated with development of ovarian cancer would help to identify new therapeutic targets. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play indispensable roles in the process of the progression of OC. Methods Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to verify the expression of RAD51B-AS1 in cell lines and patients’ tissues. Cellular proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis were detected using Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8), colony formation, Transwell and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Mouse xenograft models were established to detect tumorigenesis. RT-qPCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments were conducted to explore the quantitative and positional relationship between RAD51B-AS1 and its host gene, RAD51B. Co-transfection rescue experiments were then performed to preliminarily explore its mechanism in vivo and in vitro. Results RAD51B-AS1 was significantly upregulated in a highly metastatic human OC cell line and in OC tissues. RAD51B-AS1 significantly increased the proliferation and metastasis of OC cells, whilst also enhancing resistance to anoikis. Biogenetics prediction analysis revealed that the only target gene of RAD51B-AS1 was RAD51B. Subsequent gene function experiments revealed that RAD51B exerted the same biological effects as RAD51B-AS1. Rescue experiments demonstrated that the malignant biological behaviors promoted by RAD51B-AS1 overexpressing were partially or completely reversed by RAD51B silencing in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion RAD51B-AS1 promoted the malignant biological behavior of OC, and the underlying mechanism of this action may be associated with the positive regulation of RAD51B expression. The present study revealed a potentially novel molecular mechanism underlying the development of OC. RAD51B-AS1 is expected to serve as a novel molecular biomarker for the diagnosis and prediction of a poor prognosis in OC, and as a potential therapeutic target for management of the disease.
Molecular characterization of hepatitis delta virus strains isolated from patients at the Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Central African Republic, 2014 - 2017
Authors: Basimane-Bisimwa Parvine , Koyaweda Giscard Wilfrid , Demi-Sibiro Ornella Anne , Zemingui-Bambete Philippe II , Yambiyo Brice Martial , Batoumbou Marie-Yvette , Gal Frédéric Le , Gordien Emmanuel Nervile , Manirakiza Alexandre , Komas Narcisse Patrice
Published: February 2022

BackgroundHepatitis delta virus (HDV) can establish a persistent infection in people with chronic hepatitis B, leading to the accelerated progression of liver disease. Our study aimed to establish the prevalence of HDV and update the molecular characterization of HDV in the population carrying hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) in Bangui, the capital of the Central African Republic.MethodologyWe collected 946 plasma samples from HBsAg-positive patients at the Institut Pasteur de Bangui in the Viral Hepatitis Laboratory from archived samples collected from 2014 to 2017. No information on severe liver disease or treatment history was available. Total anti-HDV antibodies (IgG) were assayed using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Subsequently, the R0 region was amplified by reverse-transcription PCR and sequenced. HDV isolates were genotyped and analyzed statistically.ResultsPrevalence of anti-HDV antibodies (IgG) was 18.18% (172/946). Of the 172 samples positive for anti-HDV antibodies, 111 HDV-positive samples (64.5%) were from males and 61 were from females (35.46%). The highest HDV prevalence (39.5%) was found in patients over 40 years old, and the lowest (1.1%) was found in the 0–10 years age group. The risk of HDV infection was very high in year 2015 (p = 0.009). Nucleotide sequences of HDV-RNA were obtained for 61 HDV-IgG positive samples of which 60 isolates belonged to the HDV-1 clade and 1 belonged to HDV-8.ConclusionA high prevalence of HDV was found in the study population, but was not evenly distributed across age groups. Patients over 40 had the highest prevalence of HDV. The study identified a predominance of the HDV-1 clade, but clade HDV-8 was also detected.
Somatic copy number alterations modulate tumor suppressor and oncogene expression to drive early onset of breast cancer
Authors: Tonouo Pamela Derliche , Bell Esther Hortense Murielle Dina , Zebaze Arnol Auvaker Tiofack , Ndounga Eliane , Ananga Sidonie Noa , Atenguena Etienne , Simo Gustave , Njouendou Abdel Jelil , Lueong Smiths Sengkwawoh
Published: February 2022

BackgroundFemale breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide and higher mortality rates are observed in developing countries. Data from African Americans women are often used to draw inference in African BC and little is currently known about BC traits in indigenous African (IA) women.MethodsThis study prospectively enrolled 472 female patients with BC from Cameroon and Congo Brazzaville between 2007 and 2018. Patient demographics and clinical phenotypes were documented. Additional BC molecular data was downloaded from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and the gene expression omnibus (GEO). Demographic and clinical data from the different IA patient cohorts were analyzed to identify unique BC traits in African women. Molecular data from the TCGA was then analyzed to understand key BC traits identified in IA women.ResultsThe average age at BC diagnosis in IA women was more than 10 years earlier (46.5 ± 12.9) than within the TCGA samples (58.5 ± 13.2). Early onset of BC was observed more in IA women than in the TCGS (51.7% vs 15.6%). There was no difference in mean age at diagnosis between African American and white women. IA women had about 60% of T4 stage tumors compared with less than 5% in the TCGA cohort. Using CNA, mutation and gene expression data from the TCGA, we identified somatic copy number amplifications and upregulation of oncogenes such as CDH6, FOXM1, NAAA and CXCL10 in patients with early onset of BC. Deletion of tumor suppressor with corresponding downregulation was equally observed for TGM3, DMBT1 and MYO18B. TP53 mutations were associated with early BC onset (OR: 2.93, p < 0.01). Amplification and upregulation of the oncogene CDH6, PPP1R9B and SLC1A3 were associated with survival (HR: 0.51, 95% CI; 0.23-1.13, p = 0.096 and HR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.18-0.68, p = 0.002, and HR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03-0.6, p = 0.008, respectively).ConclusionEarly onset of BC in IA women in this study might reflect yet unidentified genomic alterations. Dedicated studies are required to establish the genetic underpinning of BC in IA women to support tailored management strategies
Investigation and Analysis of Four Countries’ Recalls of Osteosynthesis Implants and Joint Replacement Implants from 2011 to 2021
Authors: Du Jun , Wang Yang , Xu Kai , Wang Yuchen , Ye Weijie , Hao Xinyi , Wang Shouli , Li Kun
Published: February 2022

Background Medical devices are used in almost all orthopedic surgical subspecialties, and the frequency of adverse events is increasing, which should not be ignored. To provide suggestions on how to avoid implant recalls from the perspective of manufacturers, medical institutions and supervisions, as well as how to respond promptly to adverse events.Methods The research extracted recalls of osteosynthesis implants and Joint replacement implants from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2021 in the CNMPA, FDA, HC and ATGA websites, and collected the information on device name, recall time, recall class, recall manufacturer, device classification and affected areas. Moreover, the McKinsey 7S model and fishbone diagram were used to analyze recall reasons.Results A total of 315 cases of osteosynthesis implants and 286 cases of Joint replacement implants were reported in China, the United States, Canada and Australia. The recall number of the two implants from 2016 to 2021 were more than that from 2011 to 2015 (p = 0.012, p = 0.002) and the recall class of the two implants mainly focused on class II (76.19% and 78.32%). The affected areas were almost all over the world, mainly concentrated in developed countries. The recall reasons for both implants were similar, with process control, packaging process control, mislabeled and nonconforming materials or components for the most. But the main reasons of the two implants differed among four countries (p = 0.000).Conclusions To avoid the recalls of such implants, manufacturers should strictly select implant materials and components, develop detailed labels and instructions, severely control the packaging process, and establish the integrity of medical device data. Medical institutions should standardize procurement procedures, use qualified equipment and train medical workers. It also requires supervisions to conduct premarket safety assessments. In addition, Regulators should strengthen supervision and establish reporting systems to deal with the occurrence of adverse events promptly.
Targeting the Monocytic-Endothelial-Platelet Axis with Maraviroc and Pravastatin as a Therapeutic Option to Treat Long COVID/ Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID (PASC)
Authors: Patterson Bruce , Yogendra Ram , Jose  , Rodrigo  , Osgood Eric , Bream John , Parikh Purvi , Kreimer Mark , Kaplan Gary , Zgoda Michael
Published: February 2022

Post-acute sequelae of COVID (PASC), or long COVID, is a multisystem complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection that continues to debilitate millions worldwide thus highlighting the public health importance of identifying effective therapeutics to alleviate this illness. The pathophysiology behind PASC may be attributed to the recent discovery of persistent S1 protein subunit of SARS-CoV-2 in CD16+ monocytes up to 15 months after infection. CD16+ monocytes, which express both CCR5 and fractalkine receptors (CX3CR1), play a role in vascular homeostasis and endothelial immune surveillance. We believe targeting these receptors using the CCR5 antagonist, maraviroc, along with pravastatin, could disrupt the monocytic-endothelial-platelet axis that may be central to the etiology of PASC. Using five validated clinical scales (NYHA, MRC Dyspnea, COMPASS-31, modified Rankin, and Fatigue Severity Score) to measure 18 participants’ response to treatment, we observed significant clinical improvement in six to twelve weeks on a combination of maraviroc 300mg PO BID and pravastatin 10 mg PO daily. Subjective neurological (p=0.002), autonomic (p<0.0001), respiratory (p=0.0153), cardiac (p=0.002) and fatigue (p<0.0001) symptoms scores all decreased which correlated with statistically significant decreases in vascular markers sCD40L and VEGF. These findings suggest that by interrupting the monocytic-endothelial-platelet axis, maraviroc and pravastatin may restore the immune dysregulation observed in PASC and could be potential therapeutic options. This sets the framework for a future double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial to further investigate the drug efficacy of maraviroc and pravastatin in treating PASC.
HydroZitLa inhibits calcium oxalate stone formation in nephrolithic rats and promotes longevity in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Lordumrongkiat Nalinthip , Chotechuang Nattida , Prasanth Mani Iyer , Jindatip Depicha , Ma-on Chakriwong , Chuenwisad Kamonchanok , Leelahavanichkul Asada , Tencomnao Tewin , Boonla Chanchai
Published: February 2022

Low fluid intake, low urinary citrate excretion, and high oxidative stress are main causative factors of calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithiasis. HydroZitLa contains citrate and natural antioxidants and is developed to correct these three factors simultaneously. Antioxidants theoretically can prolong the lifespan of organisms. In this study, we preclinically investigated the antilithogenic, lifespan-extending and anti-aging effects of HydroZitLa in HK-2 cells, male Wistar rats, and Caenorhabditis elegans. HydroZitLa significantly inhibited CaOx crystal aggregation in vitro and reduced oxidative stress in HK-2 cells challenged with lithogenic factors. For experimental nephrolithiasis, rats were divided into four groups: ethylene glycol (EG), EG+HydroZitLa, EG+Uralyt-U, and untreated control. CaOx deposits in kidneys of EG+HydroZitLa and EG+Uralyt-U rats were significantly lower than those of EG rats. Intrarenal expression of 4-hydroxynonenal in EG+HydroZitLa rats was significantly lower than that of EG rats. The urinary oxalate levels of EG+HydroZitLa and EG+Uralyt-U rats were significantly lower than those of EG rats. The urinary citrate levels of EG+HydroZitLa and EG+Uralyt-U rats were restored to the level in normal control rats. In C. elegans, HydroZitLa supplementation significantly extended the median lifespan of nematodes up to 34% without altering feeding ability. Lipofuscin accumulation in HydroZitLa-supplemented nematodes was significantly lower than that of non-supplemented control. Additionally, HydroZitLa inhibited telomere shortening, p16 upregulation, and premature senescence in HK-2 cells exposed to lithogenic stressors. Conclusions, HydroZitLa inhibited oxidative stress and CaOx formation both in vitro and in vivo. HydroZitLa extended the lifespan and delayed the onset of aging in C. elegans and human kidney cells. This preclinical evidence suggests that HydroZitLa is beneficial for inhibiting CaOx stone formation, promoting longevity, and slowing down aging.