bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of numerical schemes for transient, finite-element ice flow models using ISSM v4.18
Authors: dos Santos Thiago Dias , Morlighem Mathieu , Seroussi Hélène
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Time-dependent simulations of ice sheets require two equations to be solved:
the mass transport equation, derived from the conservation of mass, and the
stress balance equation, derived from the conservation of momentum. The mass
transport equation controls the advection of ice from the interior of the ice
sheet towards its periphery, thereby changing its geometry. Because it is
based on an advection equation, a stabilization scheme needs to be
employed when solved using the finite-element method. Several stabilization
schemes exist in the finite-element method framework, but their respective
accuracy and robustness have not yet been systematically assessed for
glaciological applications. Here, we compare classical schemes used in the
context of the finite-element method: (i) artificial diffusion, (ii)
streamline upwinding, (iii) streamline upwind Petrov–Galerkin, (iv)
discontinuous Galerkin, and (v) flux-corrected transport. We also look at the
stress balance equation, which is responsible for computing the ice velocity
that “advects” the ice downstream. To improve the velocity computation
accuracy, the ice-sheet modeling community employs several sub-element
parameterizations of physical processes at the grounding line, the point where
the grounded ice starts to float onto the ocean. Here, we introduce a new
sub-element parameterization for the driving stress, the force that drives the
ice-sheet flow. We analyze the response of each stabilization scheme by
running transient simulations forced by ice-shelf basal melt. The simulations
are based on an idealized ice-sheet geometry for which there is no influence
of bedrock topography. We also perform transient simulations of the Amundsen
Sea Embayment, West Antarctica, where real bedrock and surface elevations are
employed. In both idealized and real ice-sheet experiments, stabilization
schemes based on artificial diffusion lead systematically to a bias towards
more mass loss in comparison to the other schemes and therefore should be
avoided or employed with a sufficiently high mesh resolution in the vicinity
of the grounding line. We also run diagnostic simulations to assess the
accuracy of the driving stress parameterization, which, in combination with an
adequate parameterization for basal stress, provides improved numerical
convergence in ice speed computations and more accurate results.
Technical note: Discharge response of a confined aquifer with variable thickness to temporal, nonstationary, random recharge processes
Authors: Chang Ching-Min , Ni Chuen-Fa , Li We-Ci , Lin Chi-Ping , Lee I-Hsien
Published: May 2021

Abstract. This work develops a transfer function to describe the variation in
the integrated specific discharge in response to the temporal variation in
the rainfall event in the frequency domain. It is assumed that the
rainfall–discharge process takes place in a confined aquifer with variable
thickness, and it is treated as nonstationary in time to represent the
stochastic nature of the hydrological process. The presented transfer
function can be used to quantify the variability in the integrated discharge
field induced by the variation in rainfall field or to simulate the
discharge response of the system to any varying rainfall input at any time
resolution using the convolution model. It is shown that, with the
Fourier–Stieltjes representation approach, a closed-form expression for the
transfer function in the frequency domain can be obtained, which provides a
basis for the analysis of the influence of controlling parameters occurring
in the rainfall rate and integrated discharge models on the transfer
function.
Effects of radial radio-frequency field inhomogeneity on MAS solid-state NMR experiments
Authors: Aebischer Kathrin , Tošner Zdeněk , Ernst Matthias
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Radio-frequency field inhomogeneity is one of the most common imperfections in NMR experiments. They can lead to imperfect flip angles of applied radio-frequency (rf) pulses or to a mismatch of resonance conditions resulting in artifacts or degraded performance of experiments. In solid-state NMR under magic-angle spinning, the radial component becomes time-dependent because the rf-irradiation amplitude and phase is modulated with integer multiples of the spinning frequency. We analyze the influence of such time-dependent MAS-modulated rf fields on the performance of some commonly used building blocks of solid-state NMR experiments. This analysis is based on analytical Floquet calculations as well as numerical simulations taking into account the time dependence of the rf field. We find that compared to the static part of the rf-field inhomogeneity, such time-dependent modulations play a very minor role in the performance degradation of the investigated typical solid-state NMR experiments.
3D crustal structure of the Ligurian Sea revealed by ambient noise tomography using ocean bottom seismometer data
Authors: Wolf Felix Noah , Lange Dietrich , Dannowski Anke , Thorwart Martin , Crawford Wayne , Wiesenberg Lars , Grevemeyer Ingo , Kopp Heidrun ,   the AlpArray Working Group
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The Liguro-Provençal basin was formed as a back-arc basin of the retreating Calabrian-Apennines subduction zone during the Oligocene and Miocene. The resulting rotation of the Corsica-Sardinia block is associated with rifting, shaping the Ligurian Sea. It is still debated whether oceanic or atypical oceanic crust was formed or if the crust is continental and experienced extreme thinning during the opening of the basin. We invert velocity models using an amphibious network of seismic stations, including 22 broadband Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBS) to investigate the lithospheric structure of the Ligurian sea. The instruments were installed in the Ligurian Sea for eight months between June 2017 and February 2018 as part of the AlpArray seismic network. Because of additional noise sources in the ocean, OBS data are rarely used for ambient noise studies. However, we attentively pre-process the data, including corrections for instrument tilt and seafloor compliance. We took extra care to exclude higher modes of the ambient-noise Rayleigh waves. We calculate daily cross-correlation functions for the LOBSTER array and surrounding land stations. Additionally, we correlate short time windows that include teleseismic earthquakes that allow us to derive surface wave group velocities for longer periods than using ambient noise only. Group velocity maps are obtained by inverting Green’s functions derived from the cross-correlation of ambient noise and teleseismic events, respectively. We then used the resulting 3D group velocity information to calculate 1D depth inversions for S-wave velocities. The shear-wave velocity results show a deepening of the Moho from 12 km at the southwestern basin centre to 20–25 km at the Ligurian coast in the northeast and over 30 km at the Provençal coast. We find no hint on mantle serpentinisation and no evidence for an Alpine slab, at least down to depths of 25 km. However, we see a separation of the southwestern and northeastern Ligurian Basin that coincides with the promoted prolongation of the Alpine front.
FAST.Farm load validation for single wake situations at alpha ventus
Authors: Kretschmer Matthias , Jonkman Jason , Pettas Vasilis , Cheng Po Wen
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The main objective of the presented work is the validation of the simulation tool FAST.Farm for the calculation of power and structural loads in single wake situations; the basis for the validation is the measurement data base of the operating offshore wind farm alpha ventus. The approach is described in detail and covers calibration of the aeroelastic turbine model, transfer of environmental conditions to simulations and comparison between simulations and adequately filtered measurements. It is shown that FAST.Farm accurately predicts power and structural load distributions over wind direction. Additionally, the frequency response of the structure is investigated and it is calculated by FAST.Farm in good agreement with the measurements. In general, the calculation of fatigue loads is improved with a wake-added turbulence model added to FAST.Farm in the course of this study.
¿Réquiem por el Spitzenkandidat?
Authors: Suárez Orestes
Published: May 2021

El Tratado de Lisboa abre la puerta a que las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo, más allá del correspondiente reparto de escaños, desempeñen un papel protagonista en la elección del presidente de la Comisión Europea. En este sentido, su art. 17 estipula que el Consejo Europeo proponga un candidato a presidir la Comisión “tomando en consideración los resultados de las elecciones a la Eurocámara”, que habrá de ser elegido por esta. En la práctica, esta formulación ha dado lugar a que cada partido político europeo elija su denominado Spitzenkandidat o “candidato principal”, en el objetivo primordial de combatir el déficit democrático de la UE. Las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo de 2014, aunque con dificultades, se adecuaron a la nueva fórmula. No fue el caso de los comicios de 2019 en los que, refrendado por la Eurocámara, la elección de presidente de la Comisión Europea no correspondió a ninguno de los Spitzenkandidaten. El artículo analiza la génesis y desarrollo de esta figura, su papel en la profundización democrática de la UE y sus perspectivas en el contexto del debate sobre el futuro de Europa.
An 18th Century Textual Labyrinth: The Nature of Tibetan Buddhist Printing Network in Qing Inner Asia during the Kangxi Period
Authors: Dongchung Tenzin Yewong
Published: May 2021

Although patronage of Tibetan Buddhism by the imperial courts in China has a precedence before the Qing dynasty, the scale and scope of Qing emperors’ investment was unprecedented. Scholars have produced multiple interpretations on the nature of their rule, among which, the most pertinent argument has centered on analyzing the intentions of the emperors. The centrality of this debate has occured at the elision of other historical factors, one of which is infrastructures and institutions that facilitated this patronage. While Qing patronage took multiple forms, such as construction of monasteries or conference of titles to religious hierarchs, this paper focuses on printing activities in specific and illustrates the textual network that began to take shape during Kangxi’s reign (r.1661-1722). 

The Kangxi Emperor reorganized and significantly expanded the Imperial household department, Neiwufu, which was responsible for manufacture of goods for palace’s use. He also established imperial workshops such as Yangxindian and Wuyingdian that recruited artisans from all over the country and were involved in printing scholarly works. Through the collaborative work of the Imperial household department and the bureaucracy, enormous material and human resources were amassed to implement these printing projects. While the imperial court was involved in printing monumental texts, I have also highlighted the role of monasteries and temples outside of Beijing that were involved in printing smaller texts. I have shown that while the inner Asian printing network was undoubtedly supported by the Qing emperors and spurred by their financial contribution, they were also spaces and layers where smaller local powers could engage in printing activities independently outside the realm of imperial authority.
Exhibition Review of The Story of Light and Shadow: 20th Century Chinese Photography from Huang Jianpeng's Collection
Authors: Liu Yuyuan (Victoria)
Published: May 2021

The following article reviews a collection of photography on view at an exhibition named The Story of Light and Shadow: 20th Century Chinese Photography from Huang Jianpeng's Collection at the National Art Museum of China. Though an exhibition on Chinese photography, it included a sizable collection of Tibet-related photographs taken by early Han Chinese photographers during the early 20th century. Through a brief review of existing scholarship on photography of Tibet and a close reading of the works of Zhuang Xueben, one of the earliest Han Chinese photographers who took photos in Tibetan regions, we see how images produced during the early 20th century in Tibet are coded with layered agencies and complex motivations. Preliminarily contextualizing Zhuang Xueben’s photo-taking aspirations, I argue that early photographers of Tibet are embodiments of complex, overlapping and if not yet incongruous motivations – a complication of their own independent perspectives and professional responsibilities under the larger contextual influence from the society and its aspirations.
Performance Appraisal – A Source of Employee’s Motivation: A Case Study of Educational Institute of Karachi
Authors: Jauhar Bushra , Hassan Masood , Asad Ullah Muhammad , Uddin Imam , Sanyal Shouvik
Published: May 2021

The organizational success is largely depending on its employees; they are considered as vital assets for any organization. Therefore, the management should know how to appraise them so that they can get the desired results. The current study aims to investigate the impact of performance appraisal on employee’s motivation in an educational institute of Karachi. The population of interest was permanent faculty, visiting faculty and non-teaching staff of the ABC institute which was selected through convenience sampling technique. A survey of 56 employees was conducted with the help of a questionnaire based on close ended items on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly agrees to strongly disagree. For data analysis, SPSS was used to check the reliability test, descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The research findings provided the insights regarding the impact of performance appraisal on employees’ motivation and showed a positive significant impact. The more satisfied employees are by their appraisals, the more motivated and committed they would be. Moreover, the study also shed light for future direction by keeping in view the respondents concern regarding biasness free rating, feedback and appeal process. The educational institutes should come up with better strategies in order to build trust among employees by providing fair appraisal solely based on their performance.
Brain imaging of children with postischemic seizures
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Moldovanu Maria , Calcii Cornelia ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova
Published: May 2021

Background: Arterial ischemic stroke is a rare disease found in the pediatric population, with an incidence of 2-13 out of 100000 children per year. Children develop seizures more often in the initial phase of stroke compared to adults. Material and methods: There have been included children examined by brain MRI hospitalized in the department of neurology (early aged children), Hospital of Mother and Child Health Care, with a diagnose of ischemic stroke, with an acute focal neurological syndrome installed. The children not having an imagistic confirmation of arterial ischemic stroke were excluded. Results: The study lot was composed of 78 children, who corresponded to all the inclusion criteria for this study (Tab.1). The children were examined by 1.5T and 3T MRI with multiplanar assessment of brain structures. In cases with acute / subacute stroke specific diffusion sequences (DWI and ADC) were applied to determine the type of stroke, approximate installation period. Ischemic brain lesions on MRI are presented by areas of cytotoxic edema in acute/ subacute cases, in chronic / late cases by the appearance of changes such as lacunar defects, areas of encephalomalacia. Conclusions: The vast majority of children with brain lesions on MRI have convulsions with early onset and have developed recurrent seizures after the acute phase of stroke.
Posible differential diagnosis of various chronic nonbacterial prostatites
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Colta Artur
Published: May 2021

Background: The purpose of the study was to diagnose possible chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP) and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) among patients, as well as differentiate between the inflammatory (category IIIA) or non-inflammatory (category IIIB) types in selecting and optimizing differential drug treatment of this category of patients. Material and methods: The study was conducted on 43 patients diagnosed with CNP/CPPS. The control group included 10 healthy men. Both the production of nitric oxides (NO) by phagocytes, as well as prostate secretion and ejaculate were determined according to the procedure described by Metelyskaya B.A., which was modified by Gudumac V, et al. Results: There was a 39.0% (p <0. 05) decrease in NO production by induced NO-synthase (iNOS), determined in the blood of 11 patients (from the main group – 2) with CNP/CPPS and a 115% (p <0.05) increase was determined in 32 patients (from the main group 1) if compared to the same indices in the control group. The prostatic secretion and ejaculate showed a higher macrophage iNOS activity by 80% (p <0.05) and 75% (p <0.05) if compared to the same parameters from the control group. The iNOS activity in prostatic fluid and split-ejaculate fractions from the main group – 2 did not differ from that of the control group. Conclusions: The assessment of NO production, prostate secretion and ejaculate allows to somewhat establish the main diagnosis of CNP and category III types (A – inflammatory and B – non-inflammatory prostatitis), which will significantly contribute to the optimization and selection of an appropriate differential treatment based on the drug action mechanisms
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks models for the binary morphological classification of SDSS-galaxies
Authors: Vasylenko M. , Dobrycheva D. , Khramtsov V. , Vavilova I.
Published: May 2021

We present the deep learning approach for the determination of morphological types of galaxies. We demonstrate the method's performance with the redshift-limited (z < 0.1) training sample of 6 163 galaxies from the SDSS DR9. We exploited the deep convolutional neural network classifiers such as InceptionV3, DenseNet121, and MobileNetV2 to process images of SDSS-galaxies (100x100 pixels, 25 arcsec in each axis in size) using g, r, i filters as R - G - B channels to create images. We provided the data augmentation (horizontal and vertical flips, random shifts on ±10 pixels, and rotations) randomly applied to the set of images during learning, which helped increase the classifier's generalization ability. Also, two different loss functions, MAE and Lovasz-Softmax, were applied to each classifier. The target sample galaxies were classified into two morphological types (late and early) trained on the images of galaxies from the sample. It turned out that the deep convolutional neural networks InceptionV3 and DenseNet121 with MAE-loss function show the best result attaining 93.3% accuracy.
KANSER VE REKÜRREN İSKEMİK İNME
Authors: ELİAÇIK Sinan
Published: May 2021

Genel olarak, kanser hastalarında ve kanser öyküsü olmayan hastalarda inmenin klinik prezentasyonu benzerdir. Kanserin, geleneksel risk faktörleri gibi inme için bağımsız bir risk faktörü olup olmadığı konusunda genel bir anlaşma yoktur. Klinisyenin zorluğu, inmenin özellikle kanserle ilişkili olup olmadığını veya genel popülasyonda olduğu gibi vasküler komorbiditeye bağlı olup olmadığını incelemektir. Malign mezotelyomalı ve tekrarlayan inme geçiren genç bir erkek hasta sunulmuştur Bu olguyu sunmanın amacı, artan kanser hastalığında ortaya çıkan inmenin etyolojisinin birçok nedenden kaynaklanabileceğini ve hastaların takibi sırasında ortaya çıkabilecek bu komplikasyona dikkat edilmesi gerektiğini hatırlatmaktır.
INVESTIGATION OF THE NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MELATONIN ON HIPPOCAMPAL NEURON INJURY DEVELOPING DUE TO THE NEUROTOXIC EFFECT OF CISPLATIN
Authors: MALÇOK Ümit Ali , BÜYÜK Başak
Published: May 2021

Cisplatin is a widely used antineoplastic agent, but it has side effects that decrease quality of life. Its neurotoxic effects lead to cognitive disorders during or after treatment in 70% of the patients. In this study, the efficiency of melatonin to reduce cisplatin-induced toxicity was investigated. Four subject groups were established using 24 adult male Wistar Albino rats. Neurotoxicity was produced by administering intraperitoneal (ip) cisplatin on the 1st, 5th, 9th and 13th day at a dose of 4 mg/kg. Intraperitoneal melatonin was applied to the treatment group for 13 days at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day and the groups were compared. Following sacrification on the 14th day, hippocampal tissues were excised. Cisplatin toxicity and melatonin efficiency were analyzed by calculating pyknosis and edema scores. It was observed that there was no significant difference between the Sham, Mel and Cisp+Mel groups in terms of pyknosis, but a marked increase in pyknotic neurons occurred in the group which was given cisplatin (p<0.01). It was found that edema in the hippocampal tissue increased markedly in the rats which were given cisplatin, but edema scores statistically significantly decreased when melatonin was given (p<0.01). Cisplatin and melatonin influence the same oxidative and apoptotic processes in opposite directions. In our study, we examined the effects of melatonin on cisplatin-induced toxicity and concluded that melatonin showed protective action against cisplatin-induced neurotoxic effects. Our conclusion indicated that cancer patients would be exposed to fewer neurotoxic side effects when cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, is used in combination with melatonin.
YOĞURT ÜRETİMİNİN FARKLI AŞAMALARINDA ULTRASON UYGULAMASININ YOĞURTLARIN MİKROBİYOLOJİK VE BAZI FİZİKOKİMYASAL ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: EKTİK Nisanur , TAVŞANLI Hakan
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada laboratuvar ortamında üretilen yoğurt örneklerine üretimin farklı aşamalarında (mayalamadan önce ve sonra) uygulanan ultrason işleminin yoğurtların su tutma kapasitesi, homojenizasyon ve raf ömrü üzerine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak yoğurt gruplarına 2-4 °C soğuk soğukta muhafazanın 1., 7. ve 15. günlerinde mikrobiyolojik ve fizikokimyasal analizler yapılmıştır. L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus sayısında her grupta 7. günde yaklaşık 0,5 log artışın olduğu belirlenmiştir. İ+U grubunda 7. gün sonuçlarına göre S. thermophilus sayısında 1 log azalmanın olduğu saptanmıştr. En yüksek maya sayısı yine bu grupta İ+U grubunda 15. gün örneklerinde 5,02 log kob/g düzeyinde saptanmıştır. Kontrol, U+İ ve İ+U gruplarında su tutma kapasitesi 1. gün analizlerinde ortalama sırasıyla % 28,45, % 52,96, %46,48 olarak, 7. gün analizlerinde %34,49, %48,17, %50,52 olarak, 15. gün analizlerinde ise %31,34, %54,84 ve %47,84 olarak belirlenmiştir. Homojenizasyon etkinliğinde ise kontrol grubu, U+İ ve İ+U grupları arasında anlamlı bir fark olduğu belirlenmiştir. Homojenizasyon etkinliği en yüksek %3,03 düzeyinde İ+U grubunda tespit edilmiştir. Kontrol, U+İ ve İ+U gruplarında 15. gün renk analizlerinde L değeri ortalamaları sırasıyla 81,55; 85,56; 84,46 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak soğuk muhafaza koşullarında depolama süresince yoğurt bakteri sayıları, pH ve titrasyon asitliği değerlerinin tat ve aromayı etkileyecek bir kusur oluşturmadığı saptanmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra depolama süresince su tutma kapasitesi, homojenizasyon etkinliği ve L değeri bakımından değerlendirildiğinde ultrason uygulamalarının yoğurdun reolojik özelliklerini geliştirdiği ve soğuk muhafaza koşullarında dayanma süresini arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir.
THE ROLE OF STIGMA IN THE GLOBAL MENTAL HEALTH CRISIS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Larrier Yvonne , Allen Monica D. , Larrier Irwin M.
Published: May 2021

“This oppressive darkness is too much for me to bear alone, but my family and community tells me that nothing’s wrong with me. They say if I would only pray more, or if I would reach out and help others, then I would be fine.” This statement negates the depressive symptoms of the individual and attributes the “oppressive darkness” to the personhood of the individual in a negative light. Underlying those statements are erroneous beliefs, negative attitudes, and discriminatory behaviors related to mental illness. Stigma plays a large role in this. This is prevalent in many Low and Middle Income Countries as well as in High Income Countries. Across the globe, people with mental illness, either common mental health disorders or chronic mental illnesses, are not valued as equally nor treated as respectfully as persons who do not have mental illness. This article addresses the global mental health crisis and the continued need to make it a global health priority.
DETERMINANTS OF GDP GROWTH AND MODELING ISSUES: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN
Authors:   Department of Sociology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan, Farid Shahzad , Hussain Sajjad ,   Department of Sociology, International Islamic University, Islamabad Pakistan, Ahmad Muhammad Farooq ,   Department of Sociology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Pakistan
Published: May 2021

The study claimed that economic variables, exclusively, have been prioritized to determine GDP growth while social variables are comparatively vigorous for the determination. Therefore, the study determined GDP growth using economic variables which produced robust results whereas the social variables determined GDP growth concretely. This indicated the modeling issues in terms of economic variables to be used solely. I concluded that social variables to determine GDP growth (using Granger causality) satisfy the conditions of causality – necessity and sufficiency – and formulated a narrative equation (equation a) that reflected most effective predictor(s) of GDP growth. Keywords: GDP growth, Modeling, Social factors, Economic factors
Management of Paraurethral Cysts in Adult Women: Emphasis on Physical Examination (A Short Series)
Authors: A. Dalal H , A. Hanan , M.A. Mariam , E.A. Abdullatif , F. A. Tariq
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Paraurethral cysts in adult women are rare. These masses present with non-specific symptoms, making them indistinguishable clinically. The assessment of urethral anatomy is largely based on imaging studies. This study aims to present clinical experience in managing paraurethral cysts. Methods: We present a retrospective chart review of a series of four patients diagnosed with paraurethral cysts that presented to our practice between December 2015 and April 2017, as well as a review of the literature describing these lesions. Paraurethral swellings were initially diagnosed on vaginal examination and further investigated by MRI. The reported cases included patients that underwent surgical excision and those that declined surgery. Results: Our studied cohort included both nulliparous and multiparous patients. The chief presenting complaints were pelvic area pain and tender anterior vaginal swelling. Most patients reported a history of previous intermittent swelling and its resolution. In patients that underwent surgical intervention, all responded well to excision of the cyst with no recurrence. Discussion: Acquired paraurethral cysts are often attributed to prior vaginal delivery or surgical trauma. However, we report a nulliparous patient with no prior vaginal procedure. Physical examination of symptomatic patients was essential in diagnosis and management. Conservative treatment in the patients declining surgery was unsuccessful and the cyst persisted. Conclusions: A review of patients’ history and vaginal examination was sufficient in detecting paraurethral cysts. In cases where a cyst was not detectable and the patient reported recurrent swelling, re-examination, when the patient became symptomatic, was successful in diagnosing the swelling. However, MRI investigation was necessary to review the extent of the lesions prior to complete surgical excision. Excision was effective in all the patients, with no recurrence.
Structure Modifications of Pinostrobin from Temu Kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata ROXB. SCHLECHT) and Their Analgesic Activity Based on in Silico Studies
Authors: Suryadi Andy , Siswodihardjo Siswandono , Widiandani Tri , Widyowati Retno
Published: May 2021

Temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata ROXB. SCHLECHT) is one of Indonesia medicinal plants which contains essential oils and flavonoids and it has interesting pharmacological activities, such as antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. It also contains pinostrobin which potent as anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities through inhibition of COX-2 enzymes. This research was to obtain pinostrobin derivatives of acylation reactions between pinostrobin and acyl chloride derivatives. The structure modifications of pinostrobin were obtained by Schotten-Baumann method through nucleophilic substitution reactions between pinostrobin and acyl chloride derivatives. Their structure had analyzed using the spectrophotometric analysis (NMR, IR, and GC/MS). The investigation of structure modifications of pinostrobin (1) from this plant has demonstrated the presence of pinostrobin acetate (2) and new pinostrobin propionate (3). The 2 and 3 are derivatives of pinostrobin that can be synthesized using the Schotten-Baumann method to yield 84.3% and 73.9%, respectively. The results of in silico study between pinostrobin and pinostrobin acyl derivatives on the COX-2 receptor with a PDB code: 1PXX showed that pinostrobin RS value was -87.18kcal/mol, while pinostrobin propionate had a RS value of -98.61 kcal/mol. It can be predicted that the pinostrobin acyl derivative has greater analgesic activity than pinostrobin, so it is feasible to be developed and carried out research on its analgesic activity in vivo.
Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticle using Capparis decidua fruit extract and its Characterization using Transmission Electron Microscopy And UV- Visible Spectroscopy
Authors: Madhumitha B. , Santhakumar Preetha , Jeevitha M. , Rajeshkumar S.
Published: May 2021

Capparis decidua is used in the traditional system of medicine used due to its medicinal properties. Selenium nanoparticle was synthesized in a simple and rapid way by green synthesis method. Selenium nanoparticle was synthesized using aqueous extract of Capparis decidua fruit. The aim of this present study is to synthesize and to analyse the characterization of selenium nanoparticle synthesized using Capparis decidua. Characterization of selenium nanoparticle was done using ultra-visible spectroscopy and Transmission electron microscope [TEM]. Initially, the wavelength obtained for synthesized selenium nanoparticles ranged from 300nm to 600nm. Then TEM was carried out to find the size and shape of the nanoparticle. The selenium nanoparticle was spherical in shape with size of 320nm. The present study concluded that the selenium nanoparticle prepared using Capparis decidua was ecofriendly and may serve and benefit the society because of its rich medicinal property with less side effects if further research is carried out.
Oral Fast Dissolving Film: The Avant-garde Avenue for oral Consignment Modus Operandi
Authors: Singh Aditya , A. Ansari Vaseem , Haider Md Faheem , Ahsan Farogh , Mahmood Tariq , Maheshwari Shubhrat , Kumar Tiwari Ritesh
Published: May 2021

The concept of oral fast dissolving film is a new weapon of treatment to the remarkable pharmaceutical field over conventional formulation to enhance pharmacological activity and treat intrinsic and extrinsic factors that prevent nausea and vomiting to dissolve rapidly in the tongue. The oral fast-dissolving film is just like an umbrella that protects immediately from the rain because easy to administer and sudden onset of drug action is possible as the film is taken through the oral, buccal and sublingual route. The design and development of a promising technique with increased demand for the novel dosage forms to gain more patient compliance is an oral fast dissolving film. This product therapy is one of the best scientific innovative aha moment of targeted formulation for the delivery of active ingredients that requires no water for administration. This review article overview the novel opportunities in the oral dosage forms, application, formulation consideration method of preparation, marketed product and patented technologies of oral fast dissolving films.
Development and Characterization of Orally Dissolving Tablet of a Poorly Soluble Antiemetic Drug
Authors: P Beena , Krishnan Arun G , Ullas Nisha , Pillai Chippy S , Mathew Sam C , Salim Salikh
Published: May 2021

The aim of present work is to prepare the orally dissolving tablets of poorly soluble Ondransetron Hydrochloride as its soluble form by adopting complexation method using different superdisintegrants alone and in combination. The growing importance of orally dissolving tablet was underlined recently when European Pharmacopoeia adopted the term “Oro dispersible tablet” as a tablet that to be placed in the mouth where it disperses rapidly before swallowing. Their characteristic advantages such as administration without water anywhere, anytime lead to their suitability to geriatric and paediatric patients. The complex prepared was showed better solubility in simulated salivary PH of 6.8. The pre compression characteristics of drug, drug with Beta cyclodextrin and final blend were evaluated with respect to standards. Results of the study showed that the optimized tablet with combination of superdisintegrants (2.5% crosspovidone, 3.5% sodium starch glycolate) showed hardness of 3.5Kg/Cm2, thickness 2.10mm, wetting time 18 sec, drug content 99.15%, disintegration time 20sec, in-vitro dispersion time 25sec, in-vitro drug release of 89.59% (in 3min) and percentage of drug permeation as 89.45% (in 5 min) and it is comparable with higher percentage of superdisintegrants used for tablet preparation. So this method was a promising approach for developing cost effective dosage form with high efficacy in treatment.
Formulation of Para-coumaric Acid Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles: In Vitro Neuroprotective effect against Neuroblastoma Cell Line
Authors: Lonappan Dony , B Dineshkumar , Krishnakumar K. , Nair Smitha K , Rajeshkumar R.
Published: May 2021

The prevalence of neurological diseases is increasing too rapidly in ageing population in world. In traditional practice of medicine of natural products has been reported to treat neurological disorders. Para-coumaric acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid and reported for various pharmacological activities such as anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory effects. But clinical application of para-coumaric acid is limited due to its poor dissolution rate. Polymeric nanoparticles have been reported for targeted drug delivery system. With this information, our study focused to formulate para-coumaric acid loaded chitosan nanoparticles in order to evaluate its neuroprotective potential against neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell line. Different formulations (F1, F2, F3) of Para-coumaric acid loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PCA-NPs) was prepared by simple ionic cross-linking method. Formulated PCA-NPs were subjected to characterization methods such as SEM analysis, Drug loading and Entrapment efficiency, in-vitro drug release and Stability studies. The in vitro cyto-toxicity assay of formulated PCA-NPs was performed against neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell line. This study indicated that F2-formulationof PCA-NPs showed improved dissolution rate of drug and considerable neuro-protective activity against neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell line in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, the study concluded that nanoparticle formulation could be suitable for targeted drug delivery system against neurological disorder.
A Review on Epidemiology of Dengue Viral Infection as an Emerging Disease
Authors: Dehghani Rouhullah , Kassiri Hamid
Published: May 2021

Dengue Virus (DENV) is transmitted by mosquito bite. This paper discusses the importance of Dengue Fever (DF) as an emerging disease in the world. In this study, some keywords such as break bone fever, dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, epidemiology, transmission methods, clinical manifestations, treatment, prevention, reservoirs, vectors, and Iran were searched on the Internet and reputable medical journals in order to find the papers published from 1988 to 2020. Until the mid-20th century, Dengue fever was restricted to special parts of the tropics and subtropics. Climate changes, increasing international travels and urban population, ineffective vector control methods, the lack of safe and effective antiviral drug and vaccine to prevent the disease are among the various factors contributing to the global distribution of DF. Dengue fever is a serious global threat to the lives of over 2.5 billion people in over 100 countries. Today, DF is endemic to Asia, Africa, South America, and the Caribbean. In fact, approximately 40% of the world's population is now living in countries with a high risk of DF transmission. The disease is endemic to urban and suburban areas across the tropics and subtropics of the world. It has been reported as an imported disease in Iran in recent years. Due to the appropriate climatic conditions and the presence of vectors, DF is likely to become endemic to Iran and put a large proportion of the population at risk of transmission. Therefore, the DF vectors' control should be precisely and consistently included in the Iranian health system’s agendas.
Biện pháp hình thành kỹ năng tự học cho sinh viên ngành Giáo dục tiểu học, Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp
Authors: Danh Trung
Published: May 2021

Tự học có vai trò rất quan trọng trong việc giúp người học hiểu sâu, mở rộng, củng cố và ghi nhớ kiến thức một cách vững chắc nhờ vào khả năng tự phân tích, tổng hợp tài liệu, từ đó có khả năng vận dụng các tri thức đã học vào việc giải quyết những nhiệm vụ học tập. Vì vậy, nhằm hình thành kỹ năng tự học cho sinh viên Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp nói chung và sinh viên ngành Giáo dục Tiểu học nói riêng, bài viết trình bày kết quả khảo sát thực trạng kỹ năng tự học của sinh viên ngành Giáo dục Tiểu học, Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp; Trên cơ sở đó, đã đề xuất một số biện pháp hình thành kỹ năng tự học cho sinh viên ngành Giáo dục Tiểu học, Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp.
Yếu tố tác động đến văn hóa chất lượng của Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp
Authors: Châu Nhật Duy , Lê Đức Ngọc
Published: May 2021

Văn hóa chất lượng là một bộ phận của văn hóa tổ chức, là những thói quen, tập quán, lòng tin và giá trị liên quan đến chất lượng, có vai trò rất quan trọng trong việc cải tiến và nâng cao chất lượng giáo dục liên tục của cơ sở giáo dục. Nghiên cứu xác định mức độ tác động của các yếu tố đến văn hoá chất lượng của Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp thông qua kết quả đánh giá văn hoá chất lượng và phương pháp hồi quy tuyến tính. Kết quả nghiên cứu là căn cứ để Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp đề ra kế hoạch xây dựng và phát triển văn hoá chất lượng của nhà trường.
Xây dựng tiêu chuẩn đánh giá trình độ thể lực chuyên môn và kỹ thuật cơ bản của nam sinh viên chuyên ngành Giáo dục thể chất khi học môn Cầu lông tại Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp
Authors: Phạm Việt Thanh , Vi Quốc Huấn , Nguyễn Phước Vĩnh Kỷ
Published: May 2021

Nghiên cứu đã xác định được 10 test phù hợp, có giá trị sử dụng cao để đưa vào kiểm tra thành tích thể lực chuyên môn và kỹ thuật cơ bản của nam sinh viên chuyên ngành giáo dục thể chất khi học môn cầu lông tại Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp. Qua đó, nghiên cứu đã xây dựng được thang điểm C, tiêu chuẩn phân loại, cũng như ứng dụng tiêu chuẩn đánh giá thể lực chuyên môn và kỹ thuật cơ bản của nam sinh viên chuyên ngành Giáo dục thể chất khi học môn cầu lông tại Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp.
Yếu tố xã hội của gia đình ảnh hưởng đến kết quả học tập của sinh viên khoa Ngoại ngữ Trường Đại học Trà Vinh
Authors: Nguyễn Huỳnh Trang
Published: May 2021

Bằng cơ sở lý luận và khảo sát thực tiễn bài viết cung cấp thông tin về thực trạng và Khở giữa kết quả học tập và yếu tố xã hội của gia đình sinh viên khoa Ngoại ngữ Trường Đại học Trà Vinh. Kết quả cho thấy yếu tố xã hội của gia đình gồm: gia đình, nghề nghiệp và trình độ học vấn của cha mẹ có mối quan hệ với kết quả học tập của sinh viên.
Sự thay đổi thành phần hóa học của xoài ba màu (Mangifera Indica) theo độ tuổi thu hoạch trồng tại huyện Chợ Mới, An Giang
Authors: Trần Xuân Hiển , Lê Thị Thúy Hằng , Nguyễn Tấn Hùng
Published: May 2021

Xoài Ba Màu (Mangifera indica) được đánh giá về chất lượng ở các độ tuổi thu hoạch khác nhau. Đánh giá và phân tích một số thành phần hóa học (chất khô hòa tan, tinh bột, đường khử, vitamin C, carotene), từ đó xây dựng bảng màu cho trái xoài Ba Màu ở các thời điểm thu hoạch theo thời gian tồn trữ. Kết quả cho thấy có sự khác biệt về một số thành phần hóa học của xoài Ba Màu ở các độ tuổi thu hoạch. Xoài ở 110-115 ngày tuổi đạt độ chín thu hoạch nên sau 10 ngày tồn trữ vẫn giữ được giá trị cảm quan, hàm lượng chất khô hòa tan, carotene, đường khử tăng; vitamin C và tinh bột giảm, vẫn đảm bảo chất lượng cho việc tiêu thụ cũng như chế biến và đã xây dựng được bảng màu xoài Ba Màu ở 110-115 ngày tuổi theo thời gian tồn trữ.
Thiết kế hoạt động trải nghiệm sáng tạo làm tranh thuỷ ấn trên giấy cho học sinh lớp 4-5
Authors: Phạm Diệu Linh
Published: May 2021

Làm tranh thuỷ ấn là sự gặp gỡ giữa nghệ thuật và khoa học: màu sơn dầu nổi trên bề mặt nước được tạo hình ngẫu nhiên hoặc được tác động thành các hoạ tiết để in lên giấy và sau đó phơi khô thành sản phẩm. Quá trình này rất dễ thực hiện và là một hoạt động sáng tạo tuyệt vời cho học sinh. Đây là một hình thức trải nghiệm thú vị giúp các em giải phóng khỏi tư duy khuôn mẫu nhằm thúc đẩy sáng tạo trong hoạt động tạo hình. Ngoài ra, các em còn được tìm hiểu về một nguyên lí khoa học kết hợp với sáng tạo nghệ thuật, giúp phát huy cảm xúc thẩm mĩ, nâng cao trí tưởng tượng. Quy trình làm tranh thuỷ ấn thực hiện nhanh chóng, dễ dàng, vật liệu dễ kiếm, sản phẩm thu được là độc bản và có thể ứng dụng làm nhiều sản phẩm sáng tạo khác nhau, thích hợp cho học sinh lớp 4,5.
Giải pháp nâng cao năng lực chuyên môn, nghiệp vụ cho đội ngũ giảng viên công nghệ thông tin trong bối cảnh cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0 ở Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Mỹ Dung , Nguyễn Thị Thanh Thảo
Published: May 2021

Cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0 đã và đang thay đổi mọi mặt đời sống xã hội, trong đó có lĩnh vực giáo dục đại học, vì thế nâng cao năng lực chuyên môn, nghiệp vụ cho đội ngũ giảng viên là cần thiết, trước hết là đội ngũ giảng viên ngành Công nghệ thông tin. Qua nghiên cứu, thu thập, thống kê số liệu, chúng tôi đã tìm hiểu thực trạng về đội ngũ giảng viên và đề xuất một số giải pháp về nâng cao năng lực chuyên môn, nghiệp vụ cho đội ngũ giảng viên công nghệ thông tin trong bối cảnh cuộc cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0 ở Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp.
Thực trạng và giải pháp giáo dục lòng yêu nước trong dạy học giáo dục quốc phòng và an ninh cho sinh viên Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp
Authors: Trần Văn Điền , Tiêu Thanh Sang
Published: May 2021

Thông qua phương pháp điều tra, khảo sát 300 sinh viên học môn Giáo dục Quốc phòng và An ninh tại Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp, nghiên cứu đã tìm hiểu và đánh giá thực trạng về nội dung, phương pháp giảng dạy, thái độ và khả năng ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin trong giảng dạy của đội ngũ GV bộ môn Giáo dục Quốc phòng và An ninh; nhận thức của sinh viên về lòng yêu nước; về hoạt động giáo dục lòng yêu nước cho sinh viên tại Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp. Từ đó, nghiên cứu đề xuất một số giải pháp cơ bản góp phần nâng cao chất lượng giáo dục lòng yêu nước cho sinh viên thông qua hoạt động dạy học Giáo dục Quốc phòng và An ninh trong thời gian tới.
Constructing 3D Geological Model for Tertiary Reservoir in Khabaz Oil Field by using Petrel software.
Authors: Majeed Yousif N. Abdul , Ramadhan Dr. Ahmad A. , Mahmood Dr. Ahmed J.
Published: May 2021

3D Geological model for tertiary reservoir in khabaz oil field had been constructed byusing petrel software. Seven wells have been selected in this study in order to designPetrophysical properties (porosity, water saturation, and permeability). Structural modelcan be clarified tertiary reservoir in term of geological structures is a symmetrical smallanticline fold with four faults. Tertiary reservoir consist of six units are (Jeribe, UnitA,UnitA', UnitB, UnitBE, and UnitE). According to Petrophysical properties, layering hadbeen constructed for each tertiary units. Petrophysical model has been designed using thesequential Gaussian simulation algorithm as a geostatistical method. The results illustratesthat Unit B and Unit BE have the best petrophysical properties and the big amount of oil.
Estimation of Oil-Water Contact Level Using Different Approaches: A Case Study for an Iraqi Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Al-Rubaye Wisam I. , Ghanem Dhiaa S. , Mohammed Kh Hussein , Abdulzahra Hayder , Saleem Ali M. , Abbas Abbas R.
Published: May 2021

In petroleum industry, an accurate description and estimation of the Oil-Water Contact(OWC) is very important in quantifying the resources (i.e. original oil in place (OIIP)), andoptimizing production techniques, rates and overall management of the reservoir. Thus,OWC accurate estimation is crucial step for optimum reservoir characterization andexploration. This paper presents a comparison of three different methods (i.e. open holewell logging, MDT test and capillary pressure drainage data) to determine the oil watercontact of a carbonate reservoir (Main Mishrif) in an Iraqi oil field "BG”. A total of threewells from "BG" oil field were evaluated by using interactive petrophysics software "IPv3.6". The results show that using the well logging interpretations leads to predict OWCdepth of -3881 mssl. However, it shows variance in the estimated depth (WELL X; -3939,WELL Y; -3844, WELL Z; -3860) mssl, which is considered as an acceptable variationrange due to the fact that OWC height level in reality is not constant and its elevation isusually changed laterally due to the complicated heterogeneity nature of the reservoirs.Furthermore, the results indicate that the MDT test can predict a depth of OWC at -3889mssl, while the capillary drainage data results in a OWC depth of -3879 mssl. The properMDT data and SCAL data are necessary to reduce the uncertainty in the estimationprocess. Accordingly, the best approach for estimating OWC is the combination of MDTand capillary pressure due to the field data obtained are more reliable than open hole welllogs with many measurement uncertainties due to the fact of frequent borehole conditions.
طريق الحرير الجديد واَثاره الاقتصادية على العراق
Authors: الجزائري HUSSIEN
Published: May 2021

في عام 2013 أطلق الرئيس الصيني شي جين بينن مبادرة الحزام والطريق بهدف تطوير طرق تجارية وممرات اقتصادية تربط بين أكثر من 65 بلداً يبلغ إجمالي عدد سكانها نحو 4.4 بليو نسمة  نحو 63 % من عدد سكان العالم ويصل حجم اقتصاداتها إلى نحو 21 تريليون دولار أميركي تمثل 29 % من حجم الاقتصاد العالمي تسعى الصين للتعامل معها تجاريًا عبر طريق الحرير وشبكاته العالمية لتحقيق المصالح الاقتصادية والتجارية المشتركة والقت المبادرة تجاوبًا ومشاركةً واسعةً من حوالي سبعين دولة مطلة على هذا الخط كانت دول الشرق الأوسط في مقدمتها وتتزامن المبادرة مع فكرة إحياء طريق الحرير، وأن مبادرة الحزام والطريق تتضمن إنفاق الصين مليارات الدولارات من الاستثمارات في البنى التحتية على طول طريق الحرير والمبادرة بالأساس هي استراتيجية تنمية طرحها الرئيس الصيني وتتمحور حول التواصل والتعاون بين الدول وخصوصا بين الصين ودول اَسيا وأفريقيا وتتضمن فرعين رئيسين هما طريق الحرير الاقتصادي البري و طريق الحرير البحري أي أن الصين تتبنى استراتيجية طموحة لها أهمية كبرى على المستوى العالمي ومن ثم تعد فرصة للعراق لتحقيق مصالحه الوطنية من الناحية الاقتصادية والتجارية والاستفادة من تجارة الترانزيت التي تمر عبر العراق من خلال إكمال ميناء الفاو الكبير وطريق القناة الجافة مما سيؤدي إلى نهوض الاقتصاد العراقي وتنويعه وعدم الاعتماد على النفط فقط في تمويل الموازنة العامة.