bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The development of the ERICSO – a proposed instrument for internet child abuse material offender assessment
Authors: Garrington Catherine , Kelty Sally Fiona , Rickwood Debra , Boer Douglas
Published: October 2022

Purpose

There are a limited number of risk assessment tools relevant to the internet child abuse material (I/CAM) offender cohort. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new tool, the “Estimated Risk for Internet Child Sexual Offending” (ERICSO). The ERICSO has been developed to assist in the treatment and prevention of sexual crimes against children.

Design/methodology/approach

The ERICSO was developed through a multi-stage process including systematic review, survey of professionals and offender case study.

Findings

An empirically guided tool for estimating risk for I/CAM offenders, the ERICSO is composed of four domains. The Demographic domain questions provide information about the offender, while Collection domain questions address the content of the offender’s files. The Nature of Engagement domain considers the offender’s interaction with I/CAM, behavioural aspects and contact with children. The Social Aspect domain questions address the offender’s engagement with other I/CAM users. Finally, the assessor may use Structured Professional Judgement to provide additional information, and a summary of the offender’s relevant circumstances and a risk estimation.

Practical implications

The ERICSO provides guidance for the assessment of I/CAM offenders who may reoffend with online child sexual offences, and I/CAM offenders who may reoffend with contact child sexual offences.

Originality/value

Born from a history of generational attitudes towards rehabilitation and risk assessment, the launch of the ERICSO presents an exciting opportunity in the risk estimation of I/CAM offenders.
Predominance of Methanomicrobiales and diverse hydrocarbon‐degrading taxa in the Appalachian coalbed biosphere revealed through metagenomics and genome‐resolved metabolisms
Authors: Ross Daniel E. , Lipus Daniel , Gulliver Djuna
Published: October 2022

Coalbed deposits are a unique subsurface environment and represent an underutilized resource for methane generation. Microbial communities extant in coalbed deposits are responsible for key subsurface biogeochemical cycling and could be utilized to enhance methane production in areas where existing gas wells have depleted methane stores, or in coalbeds that are unmined, or conversely be utilized for mitigation of methane release. Here we utilize metagenomics and metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs) to identify extant microbial lineages and genome‐resolved microbial metabolisms of coalbed produced water, which has not yet been explored in the Appalachian Basin (AppB). Our analyses resulted in the recovery of over 40 MAGs from 8 coalbed methane wells. The most commonly identified taxa among samples were hydrogenotrophic methanogens from the order Methanomicrobiales and these dominant MAGs were highly similar to one another. Conversely, low‐abundance coalbed bacterial populations were taxonomically and functionally diverse, mostly belonging to a variety of Proteobacteria classes, and encoding various hydrocarbon solubilization and degradation pathways. The data presented herein provides novel insights into AppB coalbed microbial ecology, and our findings provide new perspectives on underrepresented Methanocalculus species and low‐relative abundance bacterial assemblages in coalbed environments, and their potential roles in stimulation or mitigation of methane release.
Politicisation of the public service during democratic backsliding: Alternative perspectives
Authors: Peters B. Guy , Pierre Jon
Published: October 2022

This Research Note explores the issue of politicisation of the public service against the backdrop of the emergence of populism. A common feature of populist governments is a lack of trust in the civil service and its willingness to implement the populist political project. An important consequence of marginalising the civil service and its expertise in policy making is detrimental to policymaking. Also, increasing politicisation, that is replacing career public servants with people loyal to the populist regime, drains the public service of organisational memory on how to deal with policy issues. However, liberal democracies in many countries, too, have experienced increasing politicisation over the past decade, albeit within the confines of liberal democratic rules and norms. This emerging, more politicised model of the civil service assumes that neutrality can be an impediment to effective governance and that public servants should be committed to the program of the government. The civil service would be expected to support the government of the day actively and energetically, and therefore there would be fewer barriers. Thus, while politicisation in different forms is a feature of both liberal and populist government, the consequences of politicisation are different in the two regimes.

Points for practitioners

In liberal democracies, the civil service offers expertise to support politicians in the policy‐making process. Populist governments, emphasizing loyalty to the regime more than expertise, tend to increase the number of political appointees in the public service.

Most of the populist leaders elected are political outsiders and do not want to be constrained by what they consider to be entrenched and self‐serving elites.

The most pressing dangers for liberal democracy are when populist governments consider policies that would change political and social rights.

Liberal democratic government, too, have increased political control of the public service although without altering the rules and norms of democratic governance.
Age‐related alterations in the nutritional quality of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus)
Authors: Ma Kai , Tong Guangxiang , Zhao Cheng , Yin Jiasheng , Wang Yumei , Zhang Yongquan
Published: October 2022

The biochemical composition of the muscle in Arctic graylings at three age stages was evaluated and compared. For conventional biochemical composition, there was no significant difference in the crude protein content among the three age stages, but the crude fat content in the 1 year old was significantly lower than that of the others (P < 0.05). For amino acids composition, there was no significant difference in the content of essential amino acids and delicious amino acids among the three age stages, but the essential amino acid index of the 2 year old was the highest (72.205), indicating that its essential amino acid composition was more suitable for human needs. For fatty acids composition, the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (2.759 mg/g) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (3.422 mg/g) of the 3 year old was significantly higher than that of the others (P < 0.05), and it also had relatively lowest atherogenicity index (0.419) and thrombogenicity index (0.179) and the highest hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acid ratio (2.404), indicating that its fatty acid composition was healthier and more beneficial to the prevention of human cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. For minerals composition, the contents of iron, zinc, and copper increased with age, while the contents of selenium and manganese decreased with age, with the highest selenium content in the 1 year old (1.522 mg/kg). The chromium, arsenic, lead, and cadmium contents were all lower than the Chinese national standard. In conclusion, the nutritional composition of Arctic graylings variated with age and consumers could select suitable Arctic graylings based on their nutritional needs.

Practical Application

This work analyzed the nutritional components in the muscle of Arctic graylings at different ages, which can provide an effective reference for consumers when purchasing Arctic graylings.
ERBB2 exon 20 insertions are rare in Brazilian non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: de Oliveira Cavagna Rodrigo , Zaniolo Beatriz Garbe , de Paula Flávia Escremim , Berardinelli Gustavo Noriz , Santana Iara , da Silva Eduardo Caetano Albino , Dias Josiane Mourão , Jacinto Alexandre Arthur , da Nóbrega Oliveira Rachid Eduardo Noleto , de Marchi Pedro , Leal Letícia Ferro , Reis Rui Manuel
Published: October 2022

ERBB2 exon 20 insertions may impact the clinical management of lung cancer patients. However, the frequency of ERBB2 exon 20 insertions in lung cancer patients in Brazil is scarce. Here, we analyzed 722 Brazilian non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients from Barretos Cancer Hospital that were indicated to require routine lung cancer molecular testing. ERBB2 exon 20 insertions were evaluated by a targeted panel using next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Clinicopathological and molecular data were collected from patient medical records. Among the 722 NSCLC patients, 85.2% had lung adenocarcinomas, 53.9% were male, 66.8% were quitter or current smokers, and 63.2% were diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease. We identified 0.8% (6/722) of patients who harbored the insertion p.(Tyr772_Ala775dup) at exon 20 of the ERBB2 gene. All ERBB2 mutated patients were diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma, were never smokers, and wild‐type for EGFR, KRAS, and ALK hotspot alterations. Less than 1% of Brazilian NSCLC patients harbor ERBB2 exon 20 insertions, yet they could benefit in future from the new drugs in development.
Political Uncertainty and Corporate Social Responsibility in a Transition Economy
Authors: Cheng Maoyong , Dong Yuxuan , Jin Justin Y. , Kanagaretnam Kiridaran
Published: October 2022

We examine the influence of political uncertainty on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of local firms in China. Political uncertainty refers to government officials' turnover. We find that these firms significantly increase their CSR activities when city government officials are changed or replaced. We also find that political uncertainty increases firms' attention to employee responsibilities, supply chain responsibilities, and environmental responsibilities. In addition, the turnover of government officials increases CSR activities due to the reduction or loss of political connections. The anti‐corruption campaign has also strengthened the influence of political uncertainty on CSR.
Effects of electroacupuncture on dry eye: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yang Guang , Kong Xiehe , Guo Xiaocong , Yang Yanting , Xie Chen , Lu Yunqiong , Liu Jie , Wu Huangan , Zhang Dan , Zou Yuelan , Zhang Cuihong , Hong Jue , Ma Xiaopeng
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to assess the efficacy of electroacupuncture on dry eye (DE).

Methods

Eighty‐four DE patients were randomly assigned to receive electroacupuncture (EAG) three times a week or 0.1% sodium hyaluronate artificial tears (ATG) four times per day for 4 weeks. The primary outcomes were non‐invasive tear film breakup time (NIBUT) and tear meniscus height (TMH). The secondary outcomes included the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), Schirmer I test (SIT), corneal sodium fluorescein staining (CFS) score, corneal topography descriptors surface asymmetry index (SAI) and surface regularity index (SRI), corneal sensitivity, 36‐item Short‐form Health Survey (SF‐36) score and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score. All outcomes were assessed at Week 0 (baseline), Week 4 (after‐treatment) and Week 8 (follow‐up).

Results

Between‐group comparisons showed significant differences in the changes in NIBUT (Week 4, p = 0.003; Week 8, p = 0.008), TMH (Week 4, p = 0.014; Week 8, p = 0.009), OSDI (Week 4, p = 0.029; Week 8, p = 0.022), CFS score (Week 8, p = 0.036) and SF‐36 role‐physical score (Week 4, p = 0.010), favouring EAG. Mean changes in SIT, SAI, SRI, corneal sensitivity and HADS scores were statistically equal between the two groups (all p > 0.05). Treatment with electroacupuncture was well‐tolerated and showed minimal adverse events.

Conclusions

Compared with artificial tears, electroacupuncture shows superior efficacy in improving tear film stability and symptoms of DE.
Surgical checklist adherence across urology expertise levels impacts transurethral resection of bladder tumour quality indicators
Authors: Del Giudice Francesco , D'Andrea David , Pradere Benjamin , Berndl Florian , Pallauf Maximilian , Flammia Rocco Simone , Philipp Dominik , Moschini Marco , Mari Andrea , Albisinni Simone , Krajewski Wojciech , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Gallioli Andrea , Mertens Laura S. , Marcq Gautier , Cimadamore Alessia , Afferi Luca , Gontero Paolo , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Chung Benjamin I. , Soria Francesco
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To address the association of perioperative surgical checklist across variable surgical expertise with transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) accuracy and oncological outcomes in non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer.

Patients and Methods

We relied on our prospective collaborative database of patients treated with TURBT between 2012 and 2017. Surgical experience was stratified into three groups: resident vs young vs expert consultants. The association of surgical experience with detrusor muscle (DM) presence and adherence to the standardised peri‐procedural nine‐items TURBT checklist was evaluated with logistic regression models. A Cox regression model was used to investigate the association of surgical experience with recurrence‐free survival (RFS).

Results

A total of 503 patients were available for analysis. TURBT was performed by expert consultants in 265 (52.7%) patients, by young consultants in 149 (29.6%) and by residents in 89 (17.7%). Residents were more likely to have DM in the TURBT specimen than expert consultants (odds ratio [OR] 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–2.99, P = 0.04). Conversely, no differences in DM presence were seen between young vs expert consultants (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.71–1.70, P = 0.69). The median checklist completion rate was higher for both residents and young consultants when compared to experts' counterparts (56% and 56% vs 44%, P = 0.009). When focusing on patients receiving a second‐look TURBT, the persistent disease was associated with resident status (OR 4.24, 95% CI 1.14–17.70, P = 0.037) at initial TURBT. Surgical experience was not associated with 5‐years RFS.

Conclusion

Surgeon's experience in the case of adequate perioperative surgical checklist implementation was inversely associated with the presence of DM in the specimen but directly linked to higher probability of persistent disease at re‐TURBT, although no 5‐year RFS differences were noted.
Small interfering RNA: Discovery, pharmacology and clinical development—An introductory review
Authors: Ranasinghe Priyanga , Addison Melisande L. , Dear James W. , Webb David J.
Published: October 2022

Post‐transcriptional gene silencing targets and degrades mRNA transcripts, silencing the expression of specific genes. RNA interference technology, using synthetic structurally well‐defined short double‐stranded RNA (small interfering RNA [siRNA]), has advanced rapidly in recent years. This introductory review describes the utility of siRNA, by exploring the underpinning biology, pharmacology, recent advances and clinical developments, alongside potential limitations and ongoing challenges. Mediated by the RNA‐induced silencing complex, siRNAs bind to specific complementary mRNAs, which are subsequently degraded. siRNA therapy offers advantages over other therapeutic approaches, including ability of specifically designed siRNAs to potentially target any mRNA and improved patient adherence through infrequent administration associated with a very long duration of action. Key pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic challenges include targeted administration, poor tissue penetration, nuclease inactivation, rapid renal elimination, immune activation and off‐target effects. These have been overcome by chemical modification of siRNA and/or by utilising a range of delivery systems, increasing bioavailability and stability to allow successful clinical translation. Patisiran (hereditary transthyretin‐mediated amyloidosis) was the first licensed siRNA, followed by givosiran (acute hepatic porphyria), lumasiran (primary hyperoxaluria type 1) and inclisiran (familial hypercholesterolaemia), which all use N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) linkage for effective liver‐directed delivery. Others are currently under development for indications varying from rare genetic diseases to common chronic non‐communicable diseases (hypertension, cancer). Technological advances are paving the way for broader clinical use. Ongoing challenges remain in targeting organs beyond the liver and reaching special sites (e.g., brain). By overcoming these barriers, siRNA therapy has the potential to substantially widen its therapeutic impact.
Cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor arrestin subtype‐selectivity and phosphorylation dependence
Authors: Manning Jamie J. , Rawcliffe Gabriel , Finlay David B. , Glass Michelle
Published: October 2022

Background and purpose

Arrestin or G protein bias may be desirable for novel cannabinoid therapeutics. Arrestin‐2 and arrestin‐3 translocation to CB1 receptor have been suggested to mediate different functions that may be exploited with biased ligands. Here, the requirement of a recently described phosphorylation motif ‘pxxp’ (where ‘p’ denotes phosphorylatable serine or threonine and ‘x’ denotes any other amino acid) within the CB1 receptor C‐terminus for interaction with different arrestin subtypes was examined.

Experimental approach

Site‐directed mutagenesis was conducted to generate nine different phosphorylation‐impaired CB1 receptor C‐terminal mutants. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) was employed to measure arrestin‐2/3 translocation and G protein dissociation of a high efficacy agonist for each mutant. Immunocytochemistry was used to quantify receptor expression.

Key results

The effects of each mutation were shared for arrestin‐2 and arrestin‐3 translocation to CB1 receptor pxxp motifs are partially required for arrestin‐2/3 translocation, but translocation was not completely inhibited until all phosphorylation sites were mutated. The rate of arrestin translocation was reduced with simultaneous mutation of S425 and S429. Desensitisation of G protein dissociation was inhibited in different mutants proportional to the extent of their respective loss of arrestin translocation.

Conclusions and implications

These data do not support the existence of an ‘essential’ pxxp motif for arrestin translocation to CB1 receptor. These data also identify that arrestin‐2 and arrestin‐3 have equivalent phosphorylation requirements within the CB1 receptor C‐terminus, suggesting arrestin subtype‐selective biased ligands may not be viable and that different regions of the C‐terminus contribute differently to arrestin translocation.
New Cerebellar Ataxia, Neuropathy, Vestibular Areflexia Syndrome cases are caused by the presence of a nonsense variant in compound heterozygosity with the pathogenic repeat expansion in the RFC1 gene
Authors: Arteche‐López Ana , Avila‐Fernandez Almudena , Damian Alejandra , Soengas‐Gonda Emma , de la Fuente Rubén Pérez , Gómez Patricia Ramos , Merlo Jesús Gallego , Burgos Laura Horcajada , Fernández Carlos Cemillán , Rosales Jose Miguel Lezana , Martínez Juan Francisco González , Quesada‐Espinosa Juan Francisco , Corton Marta , Guerrero‐Molina Maria Paz
Published: October 2022

The biallelic pathogenic repeat (AAGGG)400–2000 intronic expansion in the RFC1 gene has been recently described as the cause of cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) and as a major cause of late‐onset ataxia. Since then, many heterozygous carriers have been identified, with an estimated allele frequency of 0.7% to 4% in the healthy population. Here, we describe in two affected CANVAS sisters the presence of the nonsense c.724C > T p.(Arg242*) variant in compound heterozygosity with the pathogenic repeat expansion in the RFC1 gene. Further RNA analysis demonstrated a reduced expression of the p.Arg242* allele in patients confirming an efficient nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay. We also highlight the importance of considering the sequencing of the RFC1 gene for the diagnosis, especially in patients with CANVAS diagnosis carriers of the AAGGG repeat expansion.
De novo variants and recombination at 4q35: Hints for preimplantation genetic testing in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Authors: Pini Sara , Napoli Floriana Maria , Tagliafico Enrico , La Marca Antonio , Bertucci Emma , Salsi Valentina , Tupler Rossella
Published: October 2022

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) has been associated with the deletion of an integral number of 3.3 kb units of the polymorphic D4Z4 repeat array at 4q35. The prenatal identification of this defect can be carried out on chorionic villi or amniocytes, whereas preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT‐M) requires molecular markers linked to the D4Z4 allele of reduced size. In this context the reliability of this association is crucial. To test the informativeness of the nearby polymorphic markers we investigated recombination at 4q35 using the polymorphic markers D4S1523, D4S163 and D4S139 positioned at 0.55, 0.5 and 0.21 Mb proximal to the D4Z4 array respectively. We determined the probability of recombination events to occur in the D4Z4‐D4S1523 interval considering 86 subjects belonging to 12 FSHD families and found a recombination frequency of 14% between D4Z4 and D4S1523. Our study also revealed the occurrence of de novo variants and germline mosaicism. These findings highlight the recombinogenic nature of the 4q subtelomere and indicate that caution should be taken when interpreting PGT‐M results. It is advisable that a woman who underwent a PGT‐M cycle undertakes a prenatal DNA analysis to confirm the size of the D4Z4 alleles carried by the fetus.
Assessing Team Effectiveness by How Players Structure Their Search in a First‐Person Multiplayer Video Game
Authors: Nalepka Patrick , Prants Matthew , Stening Hamish , Simpson James , Kallen Rachel W. , Dras Mark , Reichle Erik D. , Hosking Simon G. , Best Christopher , Richardson Michael J.
Published: October 2022

People working as a team can achieve more than when working alone due to a team's ability to parallelize the completion of tasks. In collaborative search tasks, this necessitates the formation of effective division of labor strategies to minimize redundancies in search. For such strategies to be developed, team members need to perceive the task's relevant components and how they evolve over time, as well as an understanding of what others will do so that they can structure their own behavior to contribute to the team's goal. This study explored whether the capacity for team members to coordinate effectively can be related to how participants structure their search behaviors in an online multiplayer collaborative search task. Our results demonstrated that the structure of search behavior, quantified using detrended fluctuation analysis, was sensitive to contextual factors that limit a participant's ability to gather information. Further, increases in the persistence of movement fluctuations during search behavior were found as teams developed more effective coordinative strategies and were associated with better task performance.
Zusammenhang zwischen bullösem Pemphigoid und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen: Eine systematische Übersicht und Metaanalyse
Authors: Huang I‐Hsin , Wu Po‐Chien , Liu Che‐Wei , Huang Yu‐Chen
Published: October 2022

Hintergrund und Ziele

Trotz des wohlbekannten Zusammenhangs zwischen bullösem Pemphigoid (BP) und neurologischen Erkrankungen ist der Zusammenhang zwischen BP und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen nach wie vor ungeklärt. In dieser Studie war es unser Ziel, den Zusammenhang zwischen BP und verschiedenen psychischen Störungen zu untersuchen.

Patienten und Methoden

Die Datenbanken PubMed, Embase und Cochrane Library wurden bis zum 30. Mai 2021 hinsichtlich der Identifizierung geeigneter Kohorten‐ und Fall‐Kontroll‐Studien durchsucht. Anschließend wurden Metaanalysen der rohen Schätzwerte sowie der bereinigten Schätzwerte der Odds‐Ratio (OR) für Fall‐Kontroll‐Studien und der Hazard‐Ratio (HR) für Kohortenstudien durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Es wurden 16 Studien mit 637 285 Patienten in die qualitative Synthese eingeschlossen. In der Metaanalyse der bereinigten Schätzwerte für Fall‐Kontroll‐Studien zeigten Patienten mit BP eine signifikant höhere Prävalenz psychischer Störungen (OR 1,77, 95 %‐Konfidenzintervall (KI) 1,07–2,92) und Schizophrenie (OR 2,63, 95 %‐KI 2,03–3,39). Hinsichtlich der Analyse der bereinigten Schätzwerte für Kohortenstudien stellte BP kein signifikant höheres Risiko für Depression (HR 1,09, 95 %‐KI 0,94–1,26) und Schizophrenie (HR 1,35, 95 %‐KI 0,76–2,39) dar.

Schlussfolgerungen

Bei psychiatrischen Erkrankungen, insbesondere Schizophrenie, besteht ein signifikant höheres Risiko, dass sie einem BP vorausgehen.
The future of AI and education: Some cautionary notes
Authors: Selwyn Neil
Published: October 2022

In light of fast‐growing popular, political and professional discourses around AI in education, this article outlines five broad areas of contention that merit closer attention in future discussion and decision‐making. These include: (1) taking care to focus on issues relating to 'actually existing' AI rather than the overselling of speculative AI technologies; (2) clearly foregrounding the limitations of AI in terms of modelling social contexts, and simulating human intelligence, reckoning, autonomy and emotions; (3) foregrounding the social harms associated with AI use; (4) acknowledging the value‐driven nature of claims around AI; and (5) paying closer attention to the environmental and ecological sustainability of continued AI development and implementation. Thus, in contrast to popular notions of AI as a neutral tool, the argument is made for engaging with the ongoing use of AI in education as a political action that has varying impacts on different groups of people in various educational contexts.
The role of additional chemotherapy prior to autologous HCT in patients with relapse/refractory DLBCL in partial remission—A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Shargian Liat , Amit Odelia , Bernstine Hanna , Gurion Ronit , Gafter‐Gvili Anat , Rozovski Uri , Pasvolsky Oren , Perets Galit , Horowitz Netanel A. , Halloun Jabour , Perry Chava , Avivi Irit , Raanani Pia , Yeshurun Moshe , Ram Ron
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the role of additional chemotherapy before autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in patients with relapse/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who achieve partial remission following first salvage therapy.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter retrospective study of all adult patients with DLBCL who underwent HCT between 2008 and 2020 and achieved partial response (PR) after the first salvage and were either referred directly to HCT (n = 47) or received additional salvage therapy before HCT (n = 22).

Results

Post‐HCT CR rate and progression‐free survival were comparable between the two groups (66% vs. 68%, p = .86 and median not reached vs. 10.2 months [95% confidence interval, CI 7.1–12.3], p = .27, respectively). Median overall survival (OS) and estimated 3‐year OS favored patients who were directly referred to HCT (105.8 [95% CI 63–148] months vs. 14.5 [95% CI 0–44] months, p = .035, and 65% [95% CI 51%–75%] vs. 40% [95% CI 21%–53%], p = .035, respectively). In Cox regression model, while International Prognostic Index and primary refractory versus relapse disease did not impact OS, allocation to a second salvage regimen and older age were both associated with inferior survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.57 95% CI 1.1–5.8, p = .023 and HR = 1.04 95% CI 0.99–1.2, p = .064, respectively).

Conclusions

Referring patients with chemotherapy‐sensitive disease in PR directly to HCT is associated with better OS compared to those receiving additional lines of treatment.
CEOs' general managerial skills and corporate risk taking subject to the moderator of CEO tenure
Authors: Leng Tiecheng , Pan Luyao
Published: October 2022

In this study, we examine the relation between chief executive officers' (CEOs') general managerial skills and firms' risk‐taking behaviour. We find that generalist CEOs are associated with significantly higher firm risk, with the association decreasing significantly with CEO tenure. We propose the following managerial skills transformation explanation: the longer a CEO stays with a firm, the less general and more firm specific the CEO's skills and knowledge become; therefore, any effect of the CEO's general managerial skills only appears in the early years of tenure.
Guilt and compensation: The interplay between maternal emotions and parent–child relationships in migrant families
Authors: Li Meng
Published: October 2022

Objective

The study aimed to explore how mother–child interactions shape Chinese rural–urban migrant women's maternal guilt, and vice versa.

Background

Migrant mothers are documented to experience intense feelings of guilt due to long‐term separation from their children. Research on maternal guilt frequently conceptualizes guilt as a negative self‐judgement of mothers without considering the bidirectional interplay between mother–child interactions and mothers' guilt feelings.

Method

Data were drawn from semistructured interviews with 24 Chinese rural–urban migrant mothers who voiced profound guilt for leaving their children behind. The research was carried out following a grounded theory approach.

Results

Results demonstrate left‐behind children's power to elicit, exacerbate, and alleviate their mothers' guilt, which in turn prompts migrant mothers to engage in a wide range of compensatory practices to remedy their relationships with their children.

Conclusion

These interpersonal dynamics highlight the relational nature of maternal guilt; the double victimization, both by public discourses and family members, experienced by migrant mothers; and the mutual support that can be offered between mothers and children.

Implications

Mother–child interactions should be considered when studying maternal guilt. Findings from this study have important implications for policy making and interventions to support migrant families.
Right time to join? Organizational imprinting and women's careers in public service organizations
Authors: Ashworth Rachel , Krøtel Sarah Maria Lysdal , Villadsen Anders R.
Published: October 2022

Women across the economy continue to encounter difficulties in progressing their careers as occupational segregation and precarious conditions symbolized by the “glass ceiling” and “glass cliff” indicate. Theories of imprint‐organization fit indicate that organizational munificence at the time of appointment may be an important influence on individual careers. Prosperous conditions at the time of hire might generate confidence and capability, whilst scarcity may prompt resourcefulness and resilience. While these effects have been examined in small private firms, they have been relatively unexplored in the context of public service organizations. Moreover, there has been little attention to the study of organizational munificence in the context of women's careers. Drawing on the Integrated Database for Labor Market Research in Denmark, this study evaluates the impact of organizational munificence at appointment on subsequent financial career benefits for women in Danish public services. Results indicate that resource scarcity at the time of appointment is related to enhanced career outcomes, and that the influence of conditions at the outset of a woman's career is more pronounced for women with lower levels of experience and education. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Aberrant p53 expression is associated with neoplastic progression in Barrett oesophagus diagnosed as indefinite for dysplasia
Authors: Chen Xiuxu , Liu Bella Lingjia , Harpaz Noam , Zhu Hongfa , Polydorides Alexandros D. , Liu Qingqing
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of p53 and other potential clinical parameters as prognostic markers for predicting neoplastic progression in Barrett oesophagus (BE) patients diagnosed as indefinite for dysplasia (IND). The study included patients with established BE of any extent who had a diagnosis of IND accompanied by concurrent p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) stain at the index endoscopic procedure and at least one follow‐up examination between 2000 and 2021. Correlation between disease progression from IND to higher‐grade dysplasia [low‐grade dysplasia (LGD), high‐grade dysplasia (HGD) and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC)] and clinicopathological parameters were analysed. A total of 149 patients (99 males; mean age 63.3 ± 10.0 years, range = 35–89) were included in the final analysis. Median follow‐up was 37.1 months [interquartile range (IQR) = 20.5–59.1 months]. Progression rates from IND to LGD and HGD were 12.1% (18 of 149) and 2.7% (four of 149), respectively. On multivariate analysis, the number of IND diagnoses was significantly associated with progression to both LGD and HGD (P = 0.016 and P < 0.001, respectively). Cox regression analysis showed that aberrant p53 expression was significantly associated with progression to LGD [hazard ratio (HR) = 4.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.91–12.45, P = 0.001] and HGD (HR = 21.81, 95% CI = 1.88–253.70, P = 0.014). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis also demonstrated that aberrant p53 expression was significantly associated with progression to LGD (P < 0.001) and HGD (P = 0.001). Our results suggest that frequency of IND diagnoses and status of p53 expression can help to stratify risk of neoplastic progression in BE patients with IND.
Investigation of glass sintering to improve strength and interfacial interactions in glass‐to‐AISI 316L metal joints
Authors: Özdemir Yanık Melis Can , Demirel Onur , Elmadağlı Mustafa , Günay Esin , Aydın Süheyla
Published: October 2022

The relationship between sintering and glass‐to‐metal bonding, which are almost the initial and the last stages of glass‐to‐metal seal production, has been demonstrated in this study. In this context, a type of barium alkali silicate glass was prepared, and thermal properties were determined by differential thermal analysis, dilatometer, hot‐stage microscope, and high‐temperature viscosity analysis. Detailed porosity investigations were examined with an optical microscope and ImageJ quantitative analyses, after binder removal and sintering processes carried out at different temperatures and times. An increase in porosity was observed when the sintering and binder removal temperatures and times were increased. The bending strength of the sintered glass sample was decreased with the increment in porosity. A typical housing material AISI 316L stainless steel was used for preparing glass‐to‐metal joints. The high porosity after sintering caused larger bubbles to form after bonding and reduced the shear strength. The effect of sintering conditions on the interfacial interaction for glass‐to‐metal joints are revealed by cross‐sectional scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive spectrometer analyses. Atomic force microscopy analyses and contact angle measurements were conducted to supplement investigation. This study addressed that the mechanical strength and chemistry of glass‐to‐metal joints showed strong dependency on glass sintering conditions.
Radiation effects on the structure and alteration behavior of an SiO2–Al2O3–B2O3–Na2O glass
Authors: Jan Amreen , Delaye Jean‐Marc , Kaya Huseyin , Kim Seong H. , Mir Anamul Haq , Charpentier Thibault , Angeli Frédéric , Gin Stephane
Published: October 2022

As borosilicate glasses are used in many countries to immobilize fission products and minor actinides after spent fuel reprocessing before storage in a deep geological repository, assessing that their chemical durability is of paramount importance. Here, pristine and preirradiated (952 MeV, 136Xe) SiO2–B2O3–Al2O3–Na2O glasses with the same molar ratios as in the French SON68 and ISG glasses have been subjected to aqueous corrosion in deionized water and in silica‐saturated solution to measure the initial and longer term alteration rates. Pristine and preirradiated glasses corrode following the same mechanisms, but the preirradiation has a strong impact on the initial dissolution rate (increase by a factor of 5.6), and on the alteration layer depth in silica‐saturated conditions (by two‐ to threefolds). The later result is related to the formation of a more porous, less passivating gel on the preirradiated glass specimen. Using both experimental spectroscopies (NMR, IR, and SFG) and classical molecular dynamics, the radiation effects on the glass structure and water diffusion have been assessed. After preirradiation, the density and the polymerization degree of the glass decrease, whereas the topological disorder increases. In consequence, water diffusion accelerates. These observations allow to correlate the radiation impact on the alteration behavior to the structural changes.
Introgression of a synthetic sex ratio distortion transgene into different genetic backgrounds ofAnopheles coluzzii
Authors: Pollegioni Paola , Persampieri Tania , Minuz Roxana L. , Bucci Alessandro , Trusso Alessandro , Martino Salvatore Di , Leo Chiara , Bruttini Marco , Ciolfi Marco , Waldvogel Ann‐Marie , Tripet Frédéric , Simoni Alekos , Crisanti Andrea , Müller Ruth
Published: October 2022

The development of genetically modified mosquitoes (GMM) and their subsequent field release offers innovative approaches for vector control of malaria. A non‐gene drive self‐limiting male‐bias Ag(PMB)1 strain has been developed in a 47‐year‐old laboratory G3 strain ofAnopheles gambiae s.l. When Ag(PMB)1 males are crossed to wild‐type females, expression of the endonuclease I‐PpoI during spermatogenesis causes the meiotic cleavage of the X chromosome in sperm cells, leading to fertile offspring with a 95% male bias. However, World Health Organization states that the functionality of the transgene could differ when inserted in different genetic backgrounds ofAnopheles coluzziiwhich is currently a predominant species in several West‐African countries and thus a likely recipient for a potential release of self‐limiting GMMs. In this study, we introgressed the transgene from the donor Ag(PMB)1 by six serial backcrosses into two recipient colonies ofAn. coluzziithat had been isolated in Mali and Burkina Faso. Scans of informative Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers and whole‐genome sequencing analysis revealed a nearly complete introgression of chromosomes 3 and X, but a remarkable genomic divergence in a large region of chromosome 2 between the later backcrossed (BC6) transgenic offspring and the recipient paternal strains. These findings suggested to extend the backcrossing breeding strategy beyond BC6 generation and increasing the introgression efficiency of critical regions that have ecological and epidemiological implications through the targeted selection of specific markers. Disregarding differential introgression efficiency, we concluded that the phenotype of the sex ratio distorter is stable in the BC6 introgressedAn. coluzziistrains.
Screening sintering aids for 0.88(Bi0.4Na0.2K0.2Ba0.2)TiO3–0.12Sr(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 high‐entropy dielectric ceramics
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Yan Bo , Chen Kepi , An Linan
Published: October 2022

The liquid phase screening method was used to search for sintering aids for 0.88(Bi0.4K0.2Na0.2Ba0.2)TiO3–0.12Sr(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics. The efficiency of the method was tested by studying the effect of three selected oxides on the densification and properties of the ceramics. The results showed that all three selected sintering aids can improve the sintering ability and energy storage performance. The sample with 1.5 mol% SiO2 exhibited a recoverable energy storage density and storage efficiency of 2.61 J/cm3 and 77.4% at an electric field of 270 kV/cm, indicating its promising applications in the low‐to‐moderate fields.
Optical transmission, dispersion, and transition behavior of ZnGa2O4transparent ceramic
Authors: Wang Bin , Wang Hao , Tu Bingtian , Zheng Kaiping , Gu Honggang , Wang Weimin , Fu Zhengyi
Published: October 2022

As an emerging transparent ceramic with extremely wide transmission range, the unique optical properties of ZnGa2O4are of particular interest. In this work, ZnGa2O4transparent ceramic with high optical quality was prepared by pressureless sintering and hot isostatic pressing. Its optical behavior was then comprehensively studied. The critical optical data, including refractive index, extinction coefficient, Abbé number, absorption coefficient in infrared region, and phonon frequency, were investigated. The indirect band gap and the phonon energy assisting indirect transition were determined as 4.10 and 0.17 eV, respectively. The modified Sellmeier equation and single‐oscillator dispersion relation were derived to describe the optical dispersion. Benefitting from the weaker tetrahedral Zn–O bond and heavier cationic masses, the infrared transmission range of ZnGa2O4transparent ceramic was broadened significantly. Oxygen vacancies were suggested to induce the absorption in lower photon energy region of ZnGa2O4transparent ceramic, which may enrich its functionalization. This work is meaningful for gaining overall insight into optical properties of transparent materials.
Interactive effects of arrival date, territory quality and male polyterritorial behaviour on the mating system of the sedge warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus: a path analysis
Authors: Bielański Wojciech , Ćmiel Adam M. , Zając Tadeusz A.
Published: October 2022

Classical models predict that male fitness is based on resources monopolized and invested in reproduction, and/or on individual quality providing offspring with sexually attractive traits or viable genes. However, these factors are frequently correlated, making their relative influence on male fitness difficult to describe and quantify. We analysed the relative influence of the main features of the sedge warbler's Acrocephalus schoenobaenus breeding system, i.e. age, arrival date, territory quality, male sexual activity (song and polyterritorial behaviour), on males' mating success, fledging success and local recruitment. Results show that this species' breeding system involves three main paths: 1) earlier‐arriving males have higher mating success, regardless of territory quality, 2) the quality of territories pre‐empted by earlier males directly influences recruitment and 3) mating success is influenced by male sexual activity (polyterritorial behaviour), but an additional territory also affects recruitment directly. As arrival date plays a significant role in all the paths, the whole system seems to depend on male quality; although the benefits accruing to male fitness are obtained not only through sexual selection but also through resource monopolization.
Clinical management of melanocytic tumours of uncertain malignant potential (MelTUMPs), including melanocytomas: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Varey Alexander H. R. , Williams Gabrielle J. , Lo Serigne N. , Taing Cecilia Y. , Maurichi Andrea , Santinami Mario , Scolyer Richard A. , Thompson John F.
Published: October 2022

Little guidance is currently available for managing patients with melanocytic tumours of uncertain or low malignant potential (MelTUMPs, including melanocytomas), in particular the optimal excision margins and whether to offer sentinel node biopsy (SNB). The objective of this review was to evaluate excision margins and the prognostic utility of SNB by systematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched to October 2021 for studies of patients with MelTUMPs reporting excision margins and/or SNB‐positivity. Meta‐analysis was performed on the SNB‐positivity rate using a random effects model, followed by sensitivity analyses on subgroups. 111 primary studies reported excision margins and/or SNB data for 1962 patients. Follow‐up was available for 1649 patients: 1561 (94.7%) were alive without disease at last review, 53 (3.2%) had developed further disease, 29 (1.8%) had died of metastatic disease (melanoma) and six (0.4%) died of unrelated causes. SNB was performed in 837 patients. The pooled positivity rate on meta‐analysis was 32% (95% CI: 23–44%). Clinical outcome could be correlated with excision margin in only 171 patients (60% of those with known follow up) and was therefore not analysed further. Evidence indicating the ideal excision margins for MelTUMPs was lacking. SNB had a high positivity rate despite very low rates of recurrence or melanoma‐related death. Consequently, SNB should not be offered routinely for MelTUMPs (including melanocytomas), due to its lack of prognostic utility for this tumour type (high certainty of evidence).
The Network Relative Model Accuracy (NeRMA) Score can quantify the relative accuracy of prediction models in concurrent external validations
Authors: van Walraven Carl , Tuna Meltem
Published: October 2022

Background

Network meta‐analysis (NMA) quantifies the relative efficacy of three or more interventions from trials evaluating some, but usually not all, treatments. This study applied the analytical approach of NMA to quantify the relative accuracy of prediction models with distinct patient applicability that are evaluated on the same population (‘concurrent external validation’).

Methods

We simulated binary events in 5000 patients using a known risk function. We biased the risk function and modified its precision by pre‐specified amounts to create 15 prediction models with varying accuracy and distinct patient applicability. Prediction model accuracy was measured using the Scaled Brier Score (SBS). Overall prediction model accuracy was measured using fixed‐effects methods accounting for distinct model applicability patterns. Prediction model accuracy was summarized as the Network Relative Model Accuracy (NeRMA) Score which increases as models become more accurate and ranges from <0 (model less accurate than random guessing) through 0 (accuracy of random guessing) to 1 (most accurate model in concurrent external validation).

Results

The unbiased prediction model had the highest SBS. The NeRMA score correctly ranked all simulated prediction models by the extent of bias from the known risk function. A SAS macro and R‐function was created and available to implement the NeRMA Score.

Conclusions

The NeRMA Score makes it possible to quantify the relative accuracy of binomial prediction models with distinct applicability in a concurrent external validation.
Quantitative analysis of backscattered‐electron contrast in scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Čalkovský Martin , Müller Erich , Gerthsen Dagmar
Published: October 2022

Backscattered‐electron scanning electron microscopy (BSE‐SEM) imaging is a valuable technique for materials characterisation because it provides information about the homogeneity of the material in the analysed specimen and is therefore an important technique in modern electron microscopy. However, the information contained in BSE‐SEM images is up to now rarely quantitatively evaluated. The main challenge of quantitative BSE‐SEM imaging is to relate the measured BSE intensity to the backscattering coefficient η and the (average) atomic numberZto derive chemical information from the BSE‐SEM image. We propose a quantitative BSE‐SEM method, which is based on the comparison of Monte–Carlo (MC) simulated and measured BSE intensities acquired from wedge‐shaped electron‐transparent specimens with known thickness profile. The new method also includes measures to improve and validate the agreement of the MC simulations with experimental data. Two different challenging samples (ZnS/Zn(OxS1–x)/ZnO/Si‐multilayer and PTB7/PC71BM‐multilayer systems) are quantitatively analysed, which demonstrates the validity of the proposed method and emphasises the importance of realistic MC simulations for quantitative BSE‐SEM analysis. Moreover, MC simulations can be used to optimise the imaging parameters (electron energy, detection‐angle range) in advance to avoid tedious experimental trial and error optimisation. Under optimised imaging conditions pre‐determined by MC simulations, the BSE‐SEM technique is capable of distinguishing materials with small composition differences.