bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decisions and influences-the premises of restrictive economic and banking policies in the current economic and social context
Authors: Joly Mircea Mihaiela , Roxana-Daliana Schiop
Published: February 2023

Purpose- This scientific approach aims to review the decisions taken by the European Union regarding the sanctions applied to Russia and analyze the impact they have in the economies of the European Union countries and on companies in Romania in particular. The regional development policy, which has as its main objective the achievement of an inter- and intra-regional distribution within the activities and their results as efficient and equitable as possible, is one of the most important and complex policies of the European Union. The steps taken so far, regarding the removal of the economies of the European states from the economic crisis they are in, have the role of helping the various sectors of activity to overcome the difficulties they are going through and to relaunch the areas of activity that are at a standstill due to the restrictions in regarding the export and import of raw materials, materials and goods. Thus, the study wants to highlight the needs that the European economies and implicitly the sectors of the Romanian economy have at this moment.
Methodology- In this study, the research methodology was carried out using the random effects model, analyzing the data series from the panel. The descriptive analysis provided an assessment of the main characteristics of the data series: average, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values. The generated results highlight a good distribution of resources, thus determining a better financial performance, measured by the composite index, ROA, ROE and EPS. The practical implications are relevant for the proper functioning of the entire economic system of societies and for the continuity of the activity itself.
Findings- From an econometric point of view, economic variables have been studied in terms of the influences they have exerted on other economic variables and the influences that other variables have exerted on them. The links that were identified between the variables were established both in terms of causality and by the intensity established between them. In addition to the specific stages of the regression analysis, it was also important to determine the intensity of the connection between the variables included in the econometric model. Thus, the determination of the intensity of the connection is the object of the analysis.
Conclusion- The research is intended to be an X-ray of the existing situation in the economy of the European Union and Romania, Therefore, it becomes a useful tool for the Romanian business environment in terms of short-term adaptation to current market conditions and long-term decision making.

Keywords: Economic indicators, instability, crisis, sanctions and restrictions, economic policies
JEL Codes: C20, C23, C33
International trade between Turkey and China
Authors: Teker Suat , Teker Dilek , Orman Irmak
Published: February 2023

Purpose- This study examines the development of China – Turkey international trade with the comparison of macroeconomic trends, global trade developments, bilateral agreements. Also, this study analyses the expected effects of de-globalization, broken global value chains after the Covid19 pandemic and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
Methodology- The study provides a macroconomic background for international trade developments between 2000 – 2021, focusing on China and Turkey. By comparing and examining world trade developments, the study sets a numerical background for potential future developments.
Findings- The analysis reveals that global developments, changing power structures and trade flows has been re-shaping the world economic outlook and causing few debates around the continuity of “globalization”. Rising political nationalism, repercussions of Covid 19 pandemic, supply/demand mismatches, Brexit and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has shifted international trade paradigms and Great Powers that has been the cause and pioneers of globalization are now forming new partnerships. As one of the largest and most dominant players in global world trade, China has a pivotal role in determining the changing paradigms of international trade. Turkey also plays a critical role in current re-positioning of the world trade not because of the share it has from international trade like United States, European Union, China or Russia but because of the geopolitical importance it has and because of the bilateral relations it builds with other Great Powers.
Conclusion- Turkey’s bilateral trade volume has been growing with China and is set to grow further with all the economic and politic steps taken. Covid19 pandemic and the shutdowns have shown to the world the importance of free trade, uninterrupted supply chains and global stability. The pandemic restrictions are finally over but the effects on worldwide economy and politic instability caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine have forced new economic alliances.
Turkey, with its proximity to European markets and cheap labor, is becoming a new base of production for international players. Numbers prove that bilateral economic relations have grown with China, but the growth has been mostly fueled by exports from China, causing the trade gap to become wider. As Asia is becoming to be the center of global economic growth, it is certain that Turkey’s international trade with China and it’s partners will grow.

Keywords: China, Turkey, world trade, international trade, de-globalization, bilateral trade.
JEL Codes: M30, M31.
Evaluation of the financial performance of companies using blockchain technology and with high brand value by TOPSIS method
Authors: Aycan Buket Atalay , Ozyurek Hamide
Published: February 2023

Purpose- Nowadays, thanks to data security, consistency and full-time traceability of transactions, blockchain technology is widely used by companies with high brand value operating in technology, retail, commercial services, media, banking, logistics and defense sectors. Blockchain technology will contribute to these companies reducing their costs, increasing customer satisfaction and thus increasing their financial performance. The purpose of this study is to compare the financial performances of 15 companies that are both among the first Forbes Blockchain 50 companies using blockchain technology and announced in the Brand Finance Global 500 company list with the highest brand value in 2021. Firms in the banking and insurance sector were excluded from the scope of the study.
Methodology- TOPSIS method, which is a multi-criteria decision-making method, was applied in the evaluation of the financial performance of these companies. Performance index scores were calculated by using the profitability ratios of the companies.
Findings- The analysis reveals that the performance index scores of companies operating in the technology, logistics and commercial services sectors are higher than those of other companies. In addition, it was observed that the brand values of the companies that are in the top 5 according to the performance index score were also high.
Conclusion-According to the results of the analysis, the performance index scores of especially technology companies that use blockchain technology and have high brand value were high. It was also observed that the brand values of these companies have increased compared to the previous year. Based upon the findings, it may be concluded that using blockchain technology has a positive effect on the financial performance and brand values of companies.

Keywords: Blockchain, TOPSIS, financial performance, financial ratios, brand value
JEL Codes: M41, M49, C44
Shifts in Borsa Istanbul return behaviour: an analysis with change-point detection
Authors: Altinbas Hazar
Published: February 2023

Purpose- In Turkey, there is an enormous increase in local investors’ stock market interest for the last several years (Altınbaş, 2021: 36). Increasing inflation, deteriorating welfare, lack of alternative investments seems to be the foremost reasons of this attention. As of November 2022, Borsa Istanbul 100 (BIST 100) index value level reached to historic highs (tripled in one year) and this trend is expected to continue. The index is exponentially increasing in overall and there are several retracement periods over the time. What drives, strengthens or changes this behaviour of market? Do political developments, economic news or any other events influence investors? To answer these questions, change points in statistical parameters of market return distributions are examined and detected dates are evaluated. Analysis period covers the dates between January 2009 and November 2022.
Methodology- Change points/breakpoints in statistical properties of time series can be informative for specific events that influence the behaviour (Beltratti & Morana, 2006; Chatzikonstanti, 2017; Eizaguirre, Biscarri, & de Gracia Hidalgo, 2004; Khuong Nguyen & Bellalah, 2008; Malik, 2011). In this study, change points determination is done with pruned exact linear time (PELT) method (Killick, Fearnhead, & Eckley, 2012). This method is applied to daily return data of the index, and it estimates a single or multiple points at which the statistical properties change. Analysis is conducted in R statistical software (R Core Team, 2021) with package changepoint.np (Haynes, Killick, Fearnhead, Eckley, & Grose, 2022). This is a modified version of original change point detection technique which is used in cases where there is no assumption on the statistical properties of observations (Haynes, Fearnhead, & Eckley, 2017).
Findings- Many changepoints detected. Some of these coincide with explicit/significant events, such as coup attempt in July 2016 or Covid-19 pandemic announcements. Interestingly, frequency of change points increased over the last one and a half year and most of them are very close to Monetary Policy Committee meetings. But some changes seem not to be directly related with important events, and some important events did not significantly change market behaviour.
Conclusion- Findings indicate it is neither possible to generalize market behaviour shifts with specific event types nor certainly expect a change after an event. Deeper analysis and interpretation of individual events and their impact may further provide further insights.

Keywords: Stock market, investor sentiment, pruned exact linear time, change-point detection.
JEL Codes: C22, G12, G14, G4
Testing the asymmetric relationship between CPI, PPI, and exchange rates: an application of the ARDL and NARDL methods
Authors: Asik Bekir
Published: February 2023

Purpose- Inflation and exchange rates are the leading indicators for an economy. The most important index is Conusmer Prive Index (CPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI) to calculate the inflation rates. Changing in these indexes is important to understand the source of shocks that effects the inflation. For this reason, understanding the realtion between these indexes are crucial to determine whether demand pull factors or cost push factors are important on inflation. Furthermore, there is a storng correlation between exchange rates and price indexes in Turkish economy because Turkish economy has high important dependency. Thus, it is also important to determine the effects of exchange rates on price indexes for Turkey. The purpose of this study is to investigate the asymmetric relations between pice indexes and exchange rates over the sample 2003.01-2022.09.
Methodology- The study employs linear and non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag Models to find the asymmetric effects of exchange rates on producer price index and consumer index and the effects of producer price index on consumer price index.
Findings- The analysis reveals that exchange rates have a positive and significant effects on CPI and PPI both in the short-run and in the long-run. However, the effects of positive changes in exchange rate has a significant and positive effects on CPI, negative changes has not a significant effects on CPI. Thus, there is an asymmetric effects of changes on exchange rates on CPI. In contrast to these results, changes in exchange rate has an symmetric effects on PPI. Another result obtained from the study is there is a positive relation between CPI and PPI both in the long-run and in the short-run and there is an asyymetric effects of PPI on CPI.
Conclusion- According to the results, in order to control inflation based on CPI, the effects of fluctuations in exchange rates should be reduced both in the short run and long run. In addition to this result, there is a stong effect of PPI on CPI. Thus, policy makers should implement policies to control inflation in Turkish economy.

Keywords: exchange rates, consumer price index, producer price index, ARDL model, NARDL model
JEL Codes: F31, E31, C22
The impacts of estimation methods of financial reporting on the decisions of investors and continuity of businesses
Authors: Mert Ibrahim
Published: February 2023

Purpose- The purpose is to demonstrate that the financial statements of companies, which have different reporting methods would have different attractions on taking an investment decisions for the investors. Another words, reporting methods have impact on the final decision of the investors.
Methodology- This study utilizes both a literature review analysis and sample case studies. A literature review is concluded the previous authors’ thoughts on the subject matter and and some analysis are performed for existing practices for financial statements prepared according to different reporting methods.practices are analyzed. The study is conceptual and exploratory and qualitative analysis techniques and aplicable pratices are employed to reach a conclusion through addressing three research questions: RQ1: Do the financial statements provide effective information for for investments? RQ2: Do the financial statements provide effective information for management? RQ3: Which necessary tools can be involved to imrove the validity of financial statements?
Findings- The analysis presents that the reporting methods of financial statement have particular roles on the usefulness of financial statements. Additionaly, the sample case study concludes that the reporting methodologies of financial statements provides essential changes on decision taking and has strong impacts on investors decisions.
Conclusion- Based on the findings, it is concluded that different financial statement reporting methodologies create different financial statements. These different financial statements lead to different decisions from the investors. Therefore, to provide a trustable decision for the investors, it is vital to provide unified reporting methodologies on concluding financial statements.

Keywords: Financial statements, reporting methodologies on accounting, estimations on financial statement reporting.
JEL Codes: M40, M41, M42
Investigating the interrelation between sovereign CS and financial series using wavelet coherence analysis: case of Turkey
Authors: Tuysuz Sukruye , Gul Mert
Published: February 2023

Purpose- Financial agents pay a great attention to the relationship between credit default swaps (CDS) and other financial assets. Being considered as a financial asset and then as a possible component of a portfolio, CDS’s relationship with other financial assets is crucial in order to compose an efficient portfolio which should contain the least correlated assets. Our study, provide a different approach than the bulk of existing literature which consider the relation between returns/levels or between volatilities and their impact on the volatility (leverage effects) as well as volatilities may affect returns/levels/rates in BIST100 by focusing on several economic and financial determinants for the investment horizon of investors and policymakers for their decision-making processes.
Methodology- We investigate the relationship between sovereign CDS spread (level and volatility) and (return/level and volatility) of financial series (bond yield, currency exchange, stock index) by applying wavelet coherence analysis to capture the interrelation between economic and financial determinants during different investment horizons due to the account of the time-frequency domain.
Findings- According to empirical results, firstly, the direction of causality between series depends on the frequency domain. A series may cause the other series at medium term and may be influenced by this second series at short term. Secondly, the relationship between the CDS spread (volatility) and retained financial series changes through time while depending the type of financial asset. Lastly, the interconnectedness between returns/rates/levels is different from the relationship between volatilities and between returns/rates/levels and volatilities.
Conclusion- Our findings show that the CDS 2-year spread and interest rates have a positive relationship most of the time in the medium term, mostly in the 2017-2019 period, while CDS spreads and the USDTRY have similar impacts in the medium and early long term. Despite having previously observed such a positive relationship between CDS and other economic determinants, CDS spreads have a negative impact on stock exchange returns in the medium term, spanning nearly a decade from 2008 to 2016.

Keywords: Time series models, wavelet coherence analysis, sovereign CDS, foreign exchange, bond interest rate, stock market returns
JEL Codes: C22, F31, G12
New paradigm in tax management in the footprints of industry 4.0: tax administration 3.0
Authors: Eyupgiller S.Saygin
Published: February 2023

Purpose- In the 2020’s the tax management is following the footprints of Industry 4.0, tax Office processes which were originally paper-based and partly manual have been digitalised globally, also allowing greater sharing of data within the administration and within government, the incorporation of third party data and the use of enhanced analytical tools.
We proposed to start the assessment of the level of the maturity of Turkish tax office’s e- transformation project under the criteria of OECD and compare with similar countries with more advanced and established systems.
Methodology- Based on the systematic of OECD Digital Transformation Project Tax Office 3.0 the study planned to cover the six building blocks (tax identity, touchpoints, data management, tax rule and applications, analytic capacity and asssesment and governance frameworks and related 13 indicative attributes and to propose an approach to apply to the Turkish tax Office.
Findings- Change in management of tax offices is urgently needed and the sytem is increasingly difficult to manage since the current position is inherently unstable.
Some of the 48 countries studied by the OECD Project that have a road map to digital transformations appear to have more mature (established) digitalised tax systems than Türkiye, but we observed that our system which has only started in 2010’s has progressed rapidly especially during the last five years. Turkish Ministry of Treasury and Finance, which has taken substantial steps in the tax system, is now aiming to develop the process that has started with the e-document by expanding the comprehenesiveness of the industries as well as establishing new vanguard projects as the “Turkey Digital Tax Office”.
Conclusion- Our findings provide evidence that the tax office can perform better with taxpayer and accountant’s voluntary compliance to system. The study concluded that digital transformation requires integrated approaches and a new approach to co- develop the different systems of government with the tax Office. Turkish Tax Office has to improve the core capabilities necessary to facilitate future tax administration, and fit them together taking into account the mutual costs of change. It is recommended to the Turkish Ministry of Treasury and Finance in order to improve the maturity of the Turkish digital transformation, to develop new strategies to harmonise the needs and interests of government and private sector actors within an integrated digitalized system rather than expanding and diversifying the existing system.

Keywords: Building blocks of digital transformation, tax offices, taxpayer compliance.
JEL Codes: G28; G38, K34
Establishment of predictive nomogram and web-based survival risk calculator for desmoplastic small round cell tumor: A propensity score-adjusted, population-based study
Authors: Chen Sihao , Pu Yu , Jiang Yuzhu , Liu Yingda , Li Mengxia , Xu Mingfang
Published: February 2023

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare undifferentiated malignant soft tissue tumor with a poor prognosis and a lack of consensus on treatment. This study’s objective was to build a nomogram based on clinicopathologic factors and an online survival risk calculator to predict patient prognosis and support therapeutic decision-making. A retrospective cohort analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was performed for patients diagnosed with DSRCT between 2000 and 2019. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis was applied to identify the individual variables related to overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS), as well as to construct online survival risk calculators and nomogram survival models. The nomogram was employed to categorize patients into different risk groups, and the Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to determine the survival rate of each risk category. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to assess survival with different therapeutic approaches. A total of 374 patients were included, and the median OS and CSS were 25 (interquartile range 21.9-28.1) months and 27 (interquartile range 23.6-30.3) months, respectively. The nomogram models demonstrated high predictive accuracy. PSM found that patients with triple-therapy had better CSS and OS than those who received surgery plus chemotherapy (median survival times 49 vs 34 months and 49 vs 35 months, respectively). The nomogram successfully predicted the DSRCT patients survival rate. This approach could assist doctors in evaluating prognoses, identifying high-risk populations, and implementing personalized therapy.
Bilateral Thalamic Infarction Related to Artery of Percheron with Microembolic Signal
Authors: Lee Han Lim , Kim Ye Lin , Shin Byoung-Soo , Kang Hyun Goo
Published: February 2023

The artery of Percheron (AOP) is an uncommon variant of the posterior cerebral artery that supplies blood to the paramedian thalamus and rostral midbrain. AOP is often difficult to recognize with intracranial magnetic resonance angiography due to its small size. Although a number of case reports of AOP occlusion have been published, cause of the occlusion is mostly unclear. We experienced a case of AOP occlusion which resulted in bilateral thalamic infarction. It was most likely caused by a microembolism through right-left shunt.
The Effect of Cognitive Programs on Cognitive Functions of the Elderly with Normal Cognitive Functions in the Community: Based on the Program 'Connect Memories'
Authors: Park Sung-Hyun , Choi Se-Na , Kim Ji-Hye , Kim Jae-Yeon , Heo Jae-hyeok
Published: February 2023

Background: This study aims to develop a well-founded program for the elderly in the community to provide a guide to continuous practice and to be used as basic data for its spread in the community.Methods: Among the elderly aged 60 or older living in Seongdong-gu, a total of 130 people agreed to participate in the study and met the criteria for selecting subjects, and 86 were the final subjects. The effects on cognitive function, depression, daily life activities, and quality of life before and after participating in the program were investigated and evaluated. Cognitive Impairment Screening Test, Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire, Short form of Geriatric Depression Scale-Korean version, Korean version of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, and EuroQol-5 dimension were used as test tools. After the pre-test, they participated in the program twice a week for 14 50 minutes sessions, and the average score of the posttest was compared.Results: It was found that cognitive function improved and depression significantly decreased regardless of age after participating in the program than before participating in the program. There was a difference in cognitive function improvement according to the level of education, but depression was found to decrease equally, and health-related quality of life improved.Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that senior citizens aged60 or older continue to practice the 'Connect Memories' program to improve cognitivefunction.
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis in Illicit Substance Use
Authors: Sung Euihyun , Kang Il Mo , Kim Hongil , Lee Hyesun , Park Jinseok
Published: February 2023

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a neuroinflammatory disease mediated by autoantibodies against the NMDAR, typically presenting with psychiatric symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, and motor dysfunction. These neuropsychiatric symptoms may be mimicked by drug abuse, and the development of anti-NMDAR encephalitis may be triggered by certain substance use. Here we report a case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis who developed neuropsychiatric symptoms after illicit substance use, the first report in Korea.
Adult mouse skin dissociation protocol (on ice) v2
Authors: Potter Andrew
Published: February 2023

This protocol was developed to dissociate adult (8-10 wk) mouse skin "on ice". It utilizes two layers of digestion with a Bacillus licheniformis protease cocktail, combined with mechanical disruption from a dounce homogenizer. The cell yield is 3000 cells/mg.
Hepatit B ve Aşı Konusunda Çukurova Üniversitesi Öğrencilerinin Bilgi, Tutum ve Davranışının Araştırılması
Authors: BARÇIN Tunga , TAŞOVA Yeşim
Published: February 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmada üniversite öğrencilerinde hepatit B için bilgi, tutum ve davranışının araştırılması temel amaç olarak planlanmıştır. İkincil amaç ise
belirlenen bu üniversite öğrencilerinin HBsAg ve Anti-HBs yönünden taranması, aşısız sağlıklı bireylerin aşılanması, taşıyıcı ve hasta bireylerin ise takip
ve tedavi için kliniklere yönlendirilmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma iki yıllık bir süreçte, randomizasyonla belirlenen 1850 Çukurova Üniversitesi Üniversitesi öğrencisi dahil edilmiştir. An-
kete katılmayı kabul eden 1428 kişi üzerinden değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Öğrencilerin sosyodemografik özellikleri, medikal özgeçmişleri, hepatit B ve aşı
konusunda bilgi, tutum ve davranış düzeylerini araştırmak için 15 sorudan oluşan anket uygulandı. Aşısız sağlıklı bireyler aşılandı. HBsAg pozitif saptanan
bireyler ise tedavi için kliniklere yönlendirildi.
Bulgular: Anket uygulanan 1428 öğrencinin 1395’inden HBsAg ve AntiHBs düzeylerine bakmak için 5cc kan alındı. 193 (%13.8) üniversite öğrencisinde
Anti-HBs (+)’liği, 17 (%1.2) üniversite öğrencisinde HBsAg (+)’liği, bir öğrencide ise hem HBsAg (+)’liği hem de Anti HBs (+)’liği saptandı. Hepatit B
enfeksiyonuna duyarlı olan 1184 öğrenci (% 84.8) en az bir doz Hepatit B aşısı ile aşılandı.
Sonuç: Genel olarak üniversite öğrencilerinin hepatit B ve aşı konusunda bilgi düzeyinin yetersiz olduğu, aşılanma oranının ise çok düşük oranda olduğu
saptanmıştır.
Use of Engineering Technology in Integrated STEM Education
Authors:   Jabatan Kejuruteraan Elektrik, Elektronik dan Sistem, Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Mohamd Yusof Yusriza , Ayob Afida ,   Jabatan Kejuruteraan Elektrik, Elektronik dan Sistem, Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Md Saad Mohamad Hanif ,   Jabatan Kejuruteraan Elektrik, Elektronik dan Sistem, Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: February 2023

Technology is one of the elements in STEM that STEM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. Integrated STEM education is one way to make learning more meaningful to students by applying a variety of learning methods. One of the approaches used is the project-based learning method (PjBL). The use of technology in an integrated STEM approach through school-based learning (PjBL) methods has been applied in many developed countries such as the United States, Japan and Australia. This article will discuss the use of technology in integrated STEM education, especially in engineering such as electronics for elementary students in Malaysia and other countries. Comparison of the features of technology use in STEM education refer to the documents of the Curriculum and Assesment Standards Document (DSKP) of Technology Design (RBT), global and STEM education currently in use in Malaysian secondary schools. Proposed engineering-based technology proposals and learning modules that can be designed in accordance with the requirements of the DSKP of Technology Design (RBT) subjects and the Malaysian Education Development Plan 2013 - 2025 (PPPM 2013-2025) have also been submitted for the module learning developed as a result of the research conducted can be used by teachers and students.
The CPEC Supply Web Framework in Context of Modern Manufacturing
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan, Bugvi Salman Abubakar , Hameed Khurram ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan, Hussain Amjad ,   Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan, Tabassum Salim Abid ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Published: February 2023

There is a need to understand and integrate the technologies and concepts of the 4th industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), supply chain management, modern manufacturing and the opportunities provided by the logistic and development programs of Belt Road Initiative (BRI) and China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The knowledge of multiple fields such as industry 4.0, supply chain management, logistic supply chain management and CPEC project plans have been synthesized. An attempt has been made to model a future state created through CPEC facilities and initiatives. A model framework is presented based on the core infrastructure of CPEC projects, which will push Pakistan towards industrialization through utilizing modern manufacturing techniques and establishment of supply web. The CPEC supply web model proposes to create high quality, mass customized products from raw material and parts to be supplied from local and nearby regions through efficient logistic pathway of CPEC and BRI. A supply chain operational reference (SCOR) model has also been developed for an insight into the scenario. It is important for investors, trade associations, businessmen and policy makers to understand the population, market, and economic dynamics along with modern manufacturing trends to create smart factories and supply chains in context of CPEC. The lessons learned from the planning, development and application of the solutions presented by CPEC can be utilized by other regions and countries depending on their relevant unique geostrategic and economic perspectives.
Evaluating Actual Speed Against the Permissible Speed of Vehicles During Free-Flow Traffic Conditions
Authors:   Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Mohd Azwari Nur Farhanatul Syasya , Hamsa Abdul Azeez Kadar ,   Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur
Published: February 2023

It is commonly seen that vehicles were moving above the speed limit on many expressways especially during free-flow traffic conditions. To ensure safe movement of vehicles, it is important to compare the actual speed of the vehicles against the posted speed limit. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate and compare the actual speed of the vehicles with the allowable speed limit during free-flow traffic conditions. Duta-Ulu Kelang Expressway (DUKE) was selected as a case study. Major data were collected by using road geometrical survey and spot speed survey method. Around 400 vehicles’ speed were measured at a selected road stretch for 4 hours during off-peak period. Systematic sampling technique was used to select samples from the targeted vehicle population. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the speed trends and speed characteristics of the sampled vehicles. T-test was applied to test the actual speed between each selected hour and to test the differences between actual average vehicle speed and allowable speed limit for statistical significance. The results show most of the vehicles (66%), on average, were moving at a speed higher than the allowable speed limit of 90 km/h. The differences between actual average speed and allowable speed limit were tested for statistical significance which as a result indicates a clear difference between actual average speed and allowable speed limit. Few recommendations are drawn to discourage excessive speed in order to make the roads free from accidents and to improve the safety of the road users.
Experimental and Numerical Analyses of Wind-Induced Noise in Two-Way Radios
Authors:   School of Aerospace Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, Hairudin Wan Masrurah , Mohd Fisol Ummi Masyitah ,   School of Aerospace Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, Ismail Norilmi Amilia ,   School of Aerospace Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: February 2023

The generation of wind noise of entrance microphone cavities owing to turbulent airflow is an inherent problem with radio telecommunication systems, such as two-way radios. It will lead to a pressure fluctuation which is highly unpleasant and would degrade a two-way radio communication. This research aims to understand the relationship between noise level and the flow structure of the different parameters to the occurrence of noise during communication using a two-way radio device. A noise measurement is conducted to analyse the sound pressure level (SPL) within a cavity, in which computational fluid dynamic(CFD) is used to investigate the flow behaviour on the various effects of cavity positions at P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5 and wind velocities of 0.75 m/s, 1.49 m/s, 2.24 m/s, 2.99 m/s and 3.75 m/s which corresponding to Reynolds number (Re) of 8694, 17389, 26083, 34777, and 43471 respectively. CFD result showed the presence of separation of the shear layer, the development of vortex shedding, the recirculation region and vorticity were present inside the edges of the cavity. SPL increased with an increase in wind velocity and, the cavity distance of P4. In the cavity position of P5, SPL is decreased due to the wind velocity exceeding the maximum level of a wind tunnel. Therefore, the cavity position of P5 is suitable for reducing wind noise. These parameters are significant for improving the design of two-way radio to reduce the noise during outdoor communication.
Accurate Path-Loss Estimation for Wireless Cellular Networks
Authors:   Electrical and Electronic Department, Faculty of Engineering, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Al-Beida, Libya, M Mohamed Ibrahim M
Published: February 2023

In addition to its rule in achieving acceptable system performance, accurate path-loss estimation leads to realize a simple and precise estimation of cellular networks financial feasibility. In other words, in cellular networks, while accurate path-loss estimation helps to achieve a reasonable cost, inaccurate path-loss estimation could either lead to reduce the cost but degrade the performance, or improve the performance but increase the cost. Thus accurate path loss estimation becomes a very crucial and desirable goal. To this end, different models were introduced in the literature for achieving the aforementioned goal; however, each model sought to be a valid choice in a specific environment. Therefore, our main objective in this paper was to provide an insight to the cellular network designers to simplify the decision-making process. A number of widely used path-loss estimation models that work in different environments, such as Free-space model, Two-ray model, Okumura/Hata model, COST 231 model, and Indoor model were reviewed and analyzed. This significantly would assist any cellular network designer to select an appropriate model according to its working environment, and thus realize the desirable accurate path-loss estimation. Matlab was used to perform this analysis. The analysis drove us to enter into implicit comparisons between the aforementioned models. Going through these comparisons, it is concluded that although an increase in the level of complexity is encountered when using models with large number of correction factors, more accurate path-loss estimation can be achieved.
Speech Intentions and Referential Objects in Discourse of Social Media (Based on the Discussions in the Context of Lockdown)
Authors: Pavlova N.D. , Afinogenova V.A. , Kubrak T.A. , Zachesova I.A.
Published: February 2023

The article continues the series of studies directed at concretizing the ideas about the functioning of Internet discourse, and contains the results of the research on the discourse of social media, which reflects, forms and transforms the positions of Internet users, their assessment of current events. The aim of the research is to analyze the topical content and to reveal the peculiarities of its intentional organization. The material of the study is 6 informational messages about the lockdown announced due to a sharp increase in the number of COVID-19 cases, and their discussion on various Internet sites (168 participants; 326 comments, =54, min=46, max=63). Social media discourse is highly dialogic. Its general communicative structure and thematic specificity related to the topic of discussion are revealed. Using the intent-analysis method, a change in the intentional content of the discourse relative to the initiating post and a significant increase in the number of referential objects is shown. A tendency was found to strengthen the role of negative intentions of social media discourse, which correlates with the need for joint understanding of the problem situation and, at the same time, with verbal aggression directed at the interlocutor.
Approbation of the Questionnaire of Imaginary Representations of Professional Activity of Athletes
Authors: Leonov S.V. , Polikanova I.S. , Rasskazova E.I.
Published: February 2023

The aim of this work was to develop and test the questionnaire of imaginary representations of the professional activity of athletes. We have developed a questionnaire of 100 questions, including 9 parameters (subscales). The questionnaire was tested on 399 sportsmen, 48.4% of which were candidates for the master of sports, master of sports or international class master of sports. The statistical analysis showed a good agreement of these parameters (subscales), which was 0,61—0,89. Characteristic features of image representations (IR) were revealed for representatives of different sports. The results showed that in dynamic sports under conditions of uncertainty athletes more often note the IR of temporal, spatial, informational, energetic aspects of the sports situation, as well as the game intellect. In solitarysports athletes more often talk about motivational-personal aspects of representation, in group sports — about the representation of the social environment, which is explained by the specifics inherent in solitary and group sports activities. It is also shown that in dynamic sports under given conditions "peaks" of the profile are noted on the representation of technical-tactical, energy components and motivational-personal aspects. In static sports technical-tactical and motivational-personal aspects of representation come to the fore. Thus, the questionnaire of imaginary representations of professional activity of athletes can be used as a tool for diagnostics of peculiarities of imaginary representations in athletes.
Death from the introduction of Ceftriaxone in the presence of Lidocaine (case report)
Authors: Travenko Elena N. , Porodenko Valeriy A. , Surikova Anastasia V.
Published: February 2023

In clinical and expert practice, pathological processes such as toxic reactions and anaphylaxis may develop following the introduction of the local anesthetic lidocaine; however, information about the death of children is limited and scattered. The morphological signs of these cases are non-specific, which leads to difficulty in interpreting the results of the study and determining the causes of death.
This report described the death of a child following intramuscular administration of ceftriaxone in a 2% lidocaine solution. The results of the primary and commission examination of the corpse and data of repeated pathohistological examinations of a 2-year-old child are presented. The objective expert conclusion about the cause of death following the intramuscular administration of ceftriaxone in a 2% lidocaine solution was toxic effects (overdose) or anaphylactic shock, which requires assessing the sequence of the event and nature of the clinical picture, taking into account the route of drug administration, comprehensive pathohistological and morphological studies, and mandatory forensic chemical determination of the concentration of these drugs in the internal organs and blood.
Morphological signs of an allergic reaction can be verified based on pathomorphological data, including changes in the target organs of anaphylaxis and pronounced hemocirculatory disorders. In our opinion, further in-depth study and systematization of available data are needed.
The effect of ethyl alcohol solution with a reduced content of deuterium on the development of chronic alcohol intoxication in the experiment
Authors: Popov Konstantin A. , Ermakova Galina А. , Bykov Ilia M. , Tsymbalyuk Igor Yu. , Ustinova Ekaterina S.
Published: February 2023

Background. Protium/deuterium isotope exchange reactions can have a significant effect on the metabolic systems of cells and the whole organism. An imbalance in isotope homeostasis can have both a protective and a negative effect under various pathological conditions.
Aim. To determine the nature of the influence of an ethyl alcohol solution with a reduced content of deuterium on the development of chronic alcohol intoxication in rats.
Material and methods. The study was performed on five groups of rats, 10 animals in each: the first group control, the second and third groups alcoholization for 1 month, the fourth and fifth groups alcoholization for 2 months. At the same time, rats of the third and fifth groups received a solution of ethyl alcohol with a reduced content of deuterium. For the development of alcohol intoxication, the animals received a 10% ethanol solution in the 1st week, a 20% solution in the 2nd week, and a 30% ethanol solution starting from the 3rd week. Water with a reduced content of deuterium was obtained using an installation developed at the Kuban State University by the method of electrolytic separation. In the blood plasma of laboratory animals, markers of cytolysis (activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase) and oxidative stress (content of thiol groups, glutathione concentration, activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) were determined. To analyze the data, nonparametric KruskalWallis and MannWhitney tests were used, which were calculated using the StatPlus program.
Results. As a result of the studies, it was found that the activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase against the background of ethyl alcohol introduction to animals in water with a reduced content of deuterium during 2 months of the experiment was increased to the level of median values of 51.7; 65.7 and 174.8 U/l, respectively. These indicators statistically significantly exceeded the values of similar parameters of the groups of rats treated with alcohol solution in ordinary distilled water by 22% (p=0.0129), 45% (p=0.0236) and 55% (p=0.0123), respectively. In the study of the SH-groups level (0.29 u.o.d.100/g of protein) in blood plasma and the concentration of glutathione (1.46 mol/ml) in the erythrocyte suspension in animals of the fifth group, values that were reduced relative to the fourth groups by 1217% were determined.
Conclusion. Isotopic modification of an ethanol solution, aimed at reducing the level of deuterium, is accompanied by a more severe course of chronic alcohol intoxication; this is confirmed by the greater severity of the cytolytic syndrome and the imbalance of the antioxidant system.
Micronutrient value and lipid profile of ethnic nutrition’s traditional dish of the Baikal region’s population
Authors: Bogdanova Olga G. , Vrzhesinskaya Oksana A. , Beketova Nina A. , Kodentsova Vera M. , Tarmaeva Inna Yu.
Published: February 2023

Background. Against the backdrop of stagnation in most industries, the production of semi-finished meat products is expanding, which is due to an increase in demand and, accordingly, an increase in consumption. This trend is also observed in the nutrition of the Baikal regions population, however, the micronutrient value of meat semi-finished products of ethnic nutrition is not presented in the national tables of the chemical composition of food products.
Aim. To assess the micronutrient value and lipid profile of ethnic nutritions traditional dish of the Baikal regions population buuz.
Material and methods. Using spectrofluorimetry, high-performance liquid chromatography, atomic absorption and gas chromatography, the content of vitamins B1, B2, E, iron, sodium and the composition of fatty acids in buuzes, steamed from semi-finished meat in a packaged dough category B with beef and pork filling, were determined. The measurement was carried out in 3 samples, the detection was repeated twice. The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics program for Windows using the descriptive statistics method: the arithmetic mean (M) and the standard error of the mean (m) were calculated. The results were compared with the tables data of the foodstuffs chemical composition.
Results. With comparable nutritional value (differences in calorie content of no more than 12%), the carbohydrate content in buuzes was approximately 1.5 times higher, and proteins and fats were less than in dumplings. The content of vitamins B1, B2 and E in 100 g of frozen buuzas steamed in a slow cooker was 0.200.01; 0.110.01 and 0.500.03 mg, respectively. The losses of vitamins during cooking were insignificant and amounted to 56%. The content of iron in 100 g of ready-to-eat buuzes was 2 mg, sodium 354 mg. The content of sodium in ready-to-eat buuzes was 1.8 times less, and iron was 2.2 times more than in boiled dumplings. The results obtained by us on the content of vitamins B1, B2 and E, iron and sodium, the quantitative composition of fatty acids can be used in assessing the intake of nutrients by a questionnaire method.
Conclusion. Consumption of one serving of buuz (200 g) provides about 20% of the recommended daily intake of vitamin B1, 1012% of vitamins E and B2, and 14% of iron.