bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and safety of direct‐acting antivirals in hepatitis C infected patients with mental disorders: Results in real clinical practice
Authors: Margusino‐Framiñán Luis , Bobadilla‐Pérez Eva , Cid‐Silva Purificación , Rodríguez‐Sotelo Alejandro , Yáñez‐Rubal Juan C. , Mena‐de‐Cea Álvaro , Suárez‐López Francisco , Prieto‐Pérez Andrea , Giménez‐Arufe Víctor , Delgado‐Blanco Manuel , Sanclaudio‐Luhia Ana I. , Martín‐Herranz Isabel , Castro‐Iglesias Ángeles
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness and safety of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) in psychiatric patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Secondary objectives included adherence and drug‐drug interaction (DDIs) evaluations. Prospective observational comparative study carried out during 3 years. Psychiatric patients were included and mental illness classified by a psychiatric team based on clinical records. Main effectiveness and safety variables were sustained virologic response (SVR) at posttreatment week 12 (SVR12) and rate of on‐treatment serious drug‐related adverse events (AEs), respectively. A total of 242 psychiatric and 900 nonpsychiatric patients were included. SVR12 by intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis of psychiatric vs nonpsychiatric patients was 92.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.1‐96.1) vs 96.2% (95% CI, 94.9‐97.5) (P = .02). SVR12 by modified‐ITT analysis was 97.8% (95% CI, 95.0‐99.3) vs 98.4% (95% CI, 97.5‐99.3) (P = .74). 92.2% of psychiatric patients with mental disorders secondary to multiple drug use (MDSDU) and 93.0% of psychiatric patients without MDSDU vs 96.2% of nonpsychiatric patients reached SVR12 (P = .05 and P = .20, respectively). The percentage of adherent patients to DAAs did not show differences between cohorts (P = .08). 30.2% of psychiatric patients and 27.6% of nonpsychiatric patients presented clinically relevant DDIs (P = .47). 1.7% vs 0.8% of psychiatric vs nonpsychiatric patients developed serious AEs (P = .39); no serious psychiatric AEs were present. DAAs have shown a slightly lower effectiveness in psychiatric patients with CHC, as a result of loss of follow up, which justifies the need for integrated and multidisciplinary health care teams. DAAs safety, adherence, and DDIs, however, are similar to that of nonpsychiatric patients.
Climate change projections for the Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System in the Iberian Peninsula until 2070
Authors: Andrade Cristina , Contente Joana
Published: March 2020

Climate change projections for the four major divisions of the Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System in the Iberian Peninsula (IP) are analysed using a six‐member ensemble (EURO‐CORDEX) for 1961–1990, 1981–2010, 2011–2040, and 2041–2070 periods for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The direct forcing method was used to correct the bias of the simulated data using an observational gridded dataset (E‐OBS). Results show a decrease of the temperate areas in the north‐western region of the IP, with higher expression in RCP8.5 for 2041–2070. Major changes in bioclimates, ombrotypes, and thermotypes are projected to occur in northernmost regions, as well as, central and south‐eastern areas of Iberia. The projected decrease of Mediterranean pluviseasonal areas hint at a decrease of several evergreen or deciduous forest types. Conversely, due to the projected increase of Mediterranean xeric and desertic areas, it can be expected an increase of microforests or dense shrubby lands, as well as the appearance of half deserts or low‐density scrublands. Finally, the continentality index patterns revealed a strengthening of the coastal‐inner climate contrasts in the future, mainly for RCP8.5.
Creation and Testing of a Deep Learning Algorithm to Automatically Identify and Label Vessels, Nerves, Tendons, and Bones on Cross‐sectional Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound Scans for Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Placement by Novices
Authors: Blaivas Michael , Arntfield Robert , White Matthew
Published: March 2020

Objectives

We sought to create a deep learning (DL) algorithm to identify vessels, bones, nerves, and tendons on transverse upper extremity (UE) ultrasound (US) images to enable providers new to US‐guided peripheral vascular access to identify anatomy.

Methods

We used publicly available DL architecture (YOLOv3) and deidentified transverse US videos of the UE for algorithm development. Vessels, bones, tendons, and nerves were labeled with bounding boxes. A total of 203,966 images were generated from videos, with corresponding label box coordinates in a YOLOv3 format. Training accuracy, losses, and learning curves were tracked. As a final real‐world test, 50 randomly selected images from unrelated UE US videos were used to test the DL algorithm. Four different versions of the YOLOv3 algorithm were tested with varied amounts of training and sensitivity settings. The same 50 images were labeled by 2 blinded point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) experts. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for the DL algorithm and POCUS expert performance.

Results

The algorithm outperformed POCUS experts in detection of all structures in the UE, with an AUC of 0.78 versus 0.69 and 0.71, respectively. When considering vessels, only one of the POCUS experts attained an AUC of 0.85, just ahead of the DL algorithm, with an AUC of 0.83.

Conclusions

Our DL algorithm proved accurate at identifying 4 common structures on cross‐sectional US imaging of the UE, which would allow novice POCUS providers to more confidently and accurately target vessels for cannulation, avoiding other structures. Overall, the algorithm outperformed 2 blinded POCUS experts.
A dense and compact laser cladding layer with solid metallurgical bonding significantly improved corrosion resistance of Mg alloy for engineering applications
Authors: Li Sheng , Yi Laihua , Jia Xiao , Xiang Dong , Liu Tongfang , Ji Bo
Published: March 2020

Although Mg alloy attracts great attention for engineering applications because of high specific strength and low density, low corrosion resistance limits its extensive use. In this study, Mg–Al–Zn–Mn alloy was treated via a laser cladding process to generate a dense and compact laser cladding layer with solid metallurgical bonding on the substrate for improving corrosion resistance, effectively hindering the corrosion pervasion into Mg alloy. The corrosion current density declined from 103 μA/cm2 for Mg alloy to 13 μA/cm2 for the laser cladding layer in NaCl aqueous solution. Moreover, the laser cladding layer was slightly corroded in comparison with Mg alloy in NaCl aqueous solution. Besides, the microhardness of the cladding layer reached a mean value of 170.5 HV, 3.1 times of Mg alloy (56.8 HV) due to the in situ formation of hardening intermetallic phases. Wear resistance of laser cladding layer was also obviously improved. These results demonstrated that the laser cladding layer obviously enhanced anticorrosion property of Mg alloy for engineering applications.
Pseudo‐hyperbolic Gauss maps of Lorentzian surfaces in anti‐de Sitter space
Authors: Kobayashi Honoka , Koike Naoyuki
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we determine the type numbers of the pseudo‐hyperbolic Gauss maps of all oriented Lorentzian surfaces of constant mean and Gaussian curvatures and non‐diagonalizable shape operator in the 3‐dimensional anti‐de Sitter space. Also, we investigate the behavior of type numbers of the pseudo‐hyperbolic Gauss map along the parallel family of such oriented Lorentzian surfaces in the 3‐dimensional anti‐de Sitter space. Furthermore, we investigate the type number of the pseudo‐hyperbolic Gauss map of one of Lorentzian hypersurfaces of B‐scroll type in a general dimensional anti‐de Sitter space.
Instanton bundles on the Segre threefold with Picard number three
Authors: Antonelli V. , Malaspina F.
Published: March 2020

We study instanton bundles E on . We construct two different monads which are the analog of the monads for instanton bundles on and on the flag threefold F(0, 1, 2). We characterize the Gieseker semistable cases and we prove the existence of μ‐stable instanton bundles generically trivial on the lines for any possible . We also study the locus of jumping lines.
Near‐Infrared Light–Induced Sequential Shape Recovery and Separation of Assembled Temperature Memory Polymer Microparticles
Authors: Zhou Cihui , Ni Yaru , Liu Wenting , Tan Bin , Yao Mengchen , Fang Liang , Lu Chunhua , Xu Zhongzi
Published: March 2020

Light‐induced, shape‐changing polymeric microparticles have many applications. Here, the near‐infrared (NIR)‐light‐triggered sequential recovery and separation of assembled large and small polymer microparticles using cross‐linked blends of poly(ethylene‐vinyl acetate) and trans‐polyisoprene as temperature memory polymers as well as two NaYF4 based up‐conversion nanoparticles (UCPs) to provide luminescent and photothermal effects are reported. Under irradiation of NIR light with a low light power density, small particles assembled onto the compressed large one recover first due to the low switching temperature (Tsw) arising from the temperature–memory effect. The small particles can separate from the underlying large particle in flowing aqueous media. The recovery of the large particle occurs at a high power density. Two UCPs of NaYF4: 20Yb, 0.2Tm, 5Gd and NaYF4: 18Yb, 2Er, 5Gd facilitate the detection of small and large microparticles via providing blue and green light emissions, respectively. This work can expand the applications of light‐induced shape‐changing polymer microparticles in the biomedical field, controlled catalysis, microfluidic devices, and so on.
In situ sol‐gel surface modification of alumina for a better wettability by brazing filler metals
Authors: Tillmann W. , Pinho Ferreira M.
Published: March 2020

Aluminiumoxid ist ein wichtiger technischer Hochleistungswerkstoff im Bereich der Elektronik und des Maschinenbaus. Aufgrund dessen ist es häufig nötig diese Keramiken im Verbund mit anderen Werkstoffen, wie zum Beispiel Metalle, zu verwenden. Eine weit verbreitete und wirtschaftliche Methode, stoffschlüssige Verbindungen zwischen Aluminiumoxid und metallischen Bauteilen zu realisieren ist das Hartlöten. Anders als beim Fügen von reinen metallischen Werkstoffen, ist das Hartlöten von Keramiken, aufgrund der schlechten Benetzbarkeit durch Metallschmelzen, nicht ohne weiteres möglich. Deswegen werden Keramikoberflächen entweder vor dem Lötprozess metallisiert oder es wird ein entsprechendes Basis‐Lot mit Aktivelementen genutzt. Aufgrund der teilweise nachteiligen Aspekte hinsichtlich der Handhabbarkeit und der Wirtschaftlichkeit wird in diesem Forschungspaper ein neuartiger Ansatz beschrieben, in dem durch die Applikation einer Sol‐Gel‐Beschichtung aus halbleitenden Oxiden die Keramikoberfläche benetzbar gemacht wird. Um die Oberflächenmodifikation wirtschaftlich und ohne viel Zusatzaufwand zu gestalten, wird das Einbrennen dieses Sol‐Gel‐Materials in den Sinterprozess der Aluminiumoxid‐Keramik integriert.
Initial wear characteristics of aging‐treated ZG120Mn13 steel under steel shot at high‐velocity impact
Authors: Cui Y.‐L. , Lui G.‐L. , Ding Z.‐M. , Yang F.
Published: March 2020

The initial wear of high manganese steel parts in practical use is related to their original hardness, external loading, surface machining accuracy, and the change of shape and dimension. The paper studies the size and coverage percentage of impact scars on the ZG120Mn13 high carbon high manganese steel surface, as well as the variation of weight loss under high‐velocity steel shot by changing aging treatment process. Meanwhile, the relationship between the hardness of aging ZG120Mn13 steel and its initial wear characteristics is discussed. The results show that after 5 seconds, the size and coverage percentage decreased with the increment of hardness. However, in any different period, the wear mass losses of the steel increase with increment of hardness, and increase rapidly first, then slowly. Therefore, under high‐velocity impact loading, the increment of hardness is beneficial to improving initial wear‐resistance from the perspective of the deformation, but is conducive to improving the resistance from the mass loss. Consequently, we should not only emphasize the high hardness merely, but also consider the changing law of weight loss and initial deformation comprehensively, so that we can achieve the best initial wear resistance when the high manganese steel has the appropriate hardness.
Graphene oxide nanoflakes from various agrowastes
Authors: Naik M.J.P. , Debbarma J. , Saha M. , Bhargava A.
Published: March 2020

Nowadays, the synthesis of graphene/ graphene oxide from graphite precursor using oxidizing agents is the most common procedure, but the direct synthesis of graphene or graphene oxide from a non‐graphitic carbonaceous material without using inert atmosphere is really a great challenge. Besides, the chemistry behind the development of graphitic structure from a non‐graphitic material during the thermal heating is still not clearly understood. In this research work, three agrowaste materials viz. rice husk, sugarcane bagasse and newspaper were selected and subjected to pyrolysis in presence of trace amount of air. The continued heating at the optimum temperature has resulted in aromatization and condensation along with the oxidation within the cellulosic structure of the agrowaste, which finally resulted in the formation of graphene oxide nanoflakes directly. The mechanism of formation of graphene oxide from these agrowaste materials was studied, which suggested that any carbonaceous waste materials can be converted to graphene oxide by optimizing the thermal heating conditions.
Explicit microstructural evolution and electrochemical performance of value added palm kernel shell ash nanoparticle/A356 alloy composite
Authors: Ezema I.C. , Aigbodion V.S.
Published: March 2020

The explicit microstructural evolution and electrochemical performance of value added palm kernel shell ash nanoparticle/A356 alloy composite produced by double layer feeding‐stir casting method was studied. The composites were produced using 0 and 4 wt% palm kernel shell ash nanoparticle. X‐ray diffractometer, transmission, scanning electron microscopes and electrochemical analyser were used for the analysis. It was observed that double layer feeding‐stir casting method increases the wettiability of the palm kernel shell ash nanoparticle in A356 alloy and decreases the brittle intermetallic phase. Uniform distribution of the palm kernel shell ash nanoparticle in A356 alloy. The mismatch at the interface between the palm kernel shell ash nanoparticle and A356 alloy was 4.26 %. The Al‐phase and the palm kernel shell ash nanoparticle were parallel in relationship along the interfaces. Dislocation structure at the interface was visible and coherent with regular arrangement of palm kernel shell ash nanoparticle. The corrosion resistance of the composite was higher than that of the alloy in simulated sea water.
Deposition of a nanocomposite (Ti, Al, Si)N coating with high thickness by high‐speed physical vapor deposition
Authors: Bobzin K. , Brögelmann T. , Kalscheuer C. , Yildirim B. , Liang T.
Published: March 2020

Nanocomposite coatings such as (Ti, Al, Si)N have been demonstrated as promising candidates for the use as protection against solid particle erosion for compressor blades. Typically, nanocomposite (Ti, Al, Si)N coatings are deposited by different physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques. However, the relatively low coating thickness up to a few micrometers due to low deposition rates leads to a limited lifetime of the coatings under erosive particle bombardment. In this study, the deposition of a nanocomposite (Ti, Al, Si)N coating was performed by a hollow cathode gas flow sputtering method, the high‐speed physical vapor deposition, which enables the high‐rate deposition of thick coatings. Morphology and microstructure of the coating were investigated via scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Tribological characterization by impact tests and erosion tests demonstrates that the nanocomposite (Ti, Al, Si)N coated sample reveals a promising resistance against impact loads and the solid particle erosion. Summarily, nanocomposite (Ti, Al, Si)N coatings deposited by the high‐speed physical vapor deposition provide a high potential for the erosion protection of compressor blades.
A membrane‐bound [NiFe]‐hydrogenase large subunit precursor whose C‐terminal extension is not essential for cofactor incorporation but guarantees optimal maturation
Authors: Hartmann Sven , Frielingsdorf Stefan , Caserta Giorgio , Lenz Oliver
Published: March 2020

[NiFe]‐hydrogenases catalyze the reversible conversion of molecular hydrogen into protons end electrons. This reaction takes place at a NiFe(CN)2(CO) cofactor located in the large subunit of the bipartite hydrogenase module. The corresponding apo‐protein carries usually a C‐terminal extension that is cleaved off by a specific endopeptidase as soon as the cofactor insertion has been accomplished by the maturation machinery. This process triggers complex formation with the small, electron‐transferring subunit of the hydrogenase module, revealing catalytically active enzyme. The role of the C‐terminal extension in cofactor insertion, however, remains elusive. We have addressed this problem by using genetic engineering to remove the entire C‐terminal extension from the apo‐form of the large subunit of the membrane‐bound [NiFe]‐hydrogenase (MBH) from Ralstonia eutropha. Unexpectedly, the MBH holoenzyme derived from this precleaved large subunit was targeted to the cytoplasmic membrane, conferred H2‐dependent growth of the host strain, and the purified protein showed exactly the same catalytic activity as native MBH. The only difference was a reduced hydrogenase content in the cytoplasmic membrane. These results suggest that in the case of the R. eutropha MBH, the C‐terminal extension is dispensable for cofactor insertion and seems to function only as a maturation facilitator.
Virioplankton distribution in the tropical western Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of a seamount
Authors: Zhao Yanchu , Zhao Yuan , Zheng Shan , Zhao Li , Li Xuegang , Zhang Wuchang , Grégori Gérald , Xiao Tian
Published: March 2020

The shallow Caroline Seamount is located in the tropical western Pacific Ocean. Its summit is 57 m below the surface and penetrates the euphotic zone. Therefore, it is ideal for the study of the influence of seamount on plankton distribution. Here, virioplankton abundance and distribution were investigated by flow cytometry (FCM) in the Caroline Seamount in August and September 2017. The total abundance of virus‐like particles (VLP) was in the range of 0.64 × 106–18.77 × 106 particles/ml and the average was 5.37 ± 3.75 × 106 particles/ml. Three to four distinct viral subclusters with similar side scatter but different green fluorescence intensities were identified. Above the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), two medium fluorescence virus (MFV) subclusters were discriminated. Between the DCM and the deeper layers, only one MFV subcluster was resolved. In general, low fluorescence viruses (LFV) comprised the most abundant subclusters. In the 75–150 m water column, however, the MFV abundance was higher than the LFV abundance. High fluorescence viruses (HFV) constituted the least abundant subcluster throughout the entire water column. Virioplankton abundance was significantly enhanced at the seamount stations. Environmental factors including water temperature and nitrate concentration were the most correlated with the variation in virioplankton abundance at the seamount stations. Interactions between shallow seamounts and local currents can support large virus standing stocks, causing a so‐called indirect “seamount effect” on the virioplankton.
Semiquantitative Scale for Assessing Brain MRI Abnormalities in Wilson Disease: A Validation Study
Authors: Dusek Petr , Smolinski Lukasz , Redzia‐Ogrodnik Barbara , Golebiowski Marek , Skowronska Marta , Poujois Aurelia , Laurencin Chloe , Jastrzebska‐Kurkowska Iwona , Litwin Tomasz , Członkowska Anna
Published: March 2020

Background

MRI is a sensitive method for the assessment of brain abnormalities in Wilson disease, that is, T2 hyperintensities, T2 hypointensities, and atrophy, but a validated scoring system for the classification of radiological severity is lacking. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a brain MRI visual rating scale for Wilson disease.

Methods

The proposed Wilson disease brain MRI severity scale consists of acute toxicity and chronic damage subscores from predefined structures. The former, calculated by summing scores of T2 hyperintensities (excluding cavitation), is likely to be partially reversible with treatment. The latter, representing the sum of scores of T2 hypointensities and brain atrophy, reflects pathology that is not readily reversible. Validation was performed on MRI scans acquired using 1.5T system from 39 Wilson disease patients examined at baseline and after 24 months on anticopper treatment. Intraclass correlation coefficients of 5 ratings from 3 raters were calculated. Temporal evolution of the MRI severity score and its association with clinical severity, assessed using the Unified Wilson Disease Rating Scale part III, was calculated.

Results

Intrarater and interrater agreement were good (r > 0.93; P < 0.001; and r > 0.74; P < 0.001, respectively). In neurologic Wilson disease patients, the total MRI severity score improved over 2 years (P = 0.032), mainly because of reduced acute toxicity (P = 0.0015), whereas the chronic damage score deteriorated (P = 0.035). Unified Wilson Disease Rating Scale part III score was positively associated with chronic damage and total score at baseline (P = 0.005 and P = 0.003, respectively) and in month 24 (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

The Wilson disease brain MRI severity scale is a simple, reliable, and valid instrument that allows semiquantitative assessment of radiological Wilson disease severity. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Spectral discretization of the time‐dependent vorticity–velocity–pressure formulation of the Stokes problem
Authors: Abdelwahed Mohamed , Chorfi Nejmeddine
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we study the time‐dependent vorticity–velocity–pressure formulation of Stokes problem in two‐ and three‐dimensional domains provided with nonstandard boundary conditions, related to the normal component of the velocity and the tangential components of the vorticity. This problem is discretized by implicit Euler's scheme in time and spectral method in space. We prove an optimal error estimate for the three unknowns.
Influence of labeling parameters and respiratory motion on velocity‐selective arterial spin labeling for renal perfusion imaging
Authors: Bones Isabell K. , Franklin Suzanne L. , Harteveld Anita A. , van Osch Matthias J. P. , Hendrikse Jeroen , Moonen Chrit , van Stralen Marijn , Bos Clemens
Published: March 2020

Purpose

Arterial transit time uncertainties and challenges during planning are potential issues for renal perfusion measurement using spatially selective arterial spin labeling techniques. To mitigate these potential issues, a spatially non‐selective technique, such as velocity‐selective arterial spin labeling (VSASL), could be an alternative. This article explores the influence of VSASL sequence parameters and respiratory induced motion on VS‐label generation.

Methods

VSASL data were acquired in human subjects (n = 15), with both single and dual labeling, during paced‐breathing, while essential sequence parameters were systematically varied; (1) cutoff velocity, (2) labeling gradient orientation and (3) post‐labeling delay (PLD). Pseudo‐continuous ASL was acquired as a spatially selective reference. In an additional free‐breathing single VSASL experiment (n = 9) we investigated respiratory motion influence on VS‐labeling. Absolute renal blood flow (RBF), perfusion weighted signal (PWS), and temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio (tSNR) were determined.

Results

(1) With decreasing cutoff velocity, tSNR and PWS increased. However, undesired tissue labeling occurred at low cutoff velocities (≤ 5.4 cm/s). (2) Labeling gradient orientation had little effect on tSNR and PWS. (3) For single VSASL high signal appeared in the kidney pedicle at PLD < 800 ms, and tSNR and PWS decreased with increasing PLD. For dual VSASL, maximum tSNR occurred at PLD = 1200 ms. Average cortical RBF measured with dual VSASL (264 ± 34 mL/min/100 g) at a cutoff velocity of 5.4 cm/s, and feet‐head labeling was slightly lower than with pseudo‐continuous ASL (283 ± 55 mL/min/100 g).

Conclusion

With well‐chosen sequence parameters, tissue labeling induced by respiratory motion can be minimized, allowing to obtain good quality RBF maps using planning‐free labeling with dual VSASL.
Origin of the 31P MR signal at 5.3 ppm in patients with critical limb ischemia
Authors: Sedivy Petr , Dezortova Monika , Drobny Miloslav , Dubsky Michal , Dusilova Tereza , Kovar Jan , Hajek Milan
Published: March 2020

An unknown intense signal (Pun) with a mean chemical shift of 5.3 ppm was observed in 31P MR spectra from the calf muscles of patients with the diabetic foot syndrome. The aim of the study was to identify the origin of this signal and its potential as a biomarker of muscle injury. Calf muscles of 68 diabetic patients (66.3 ± 8.6 years; body mass index = 28.2 ± 4.3 kg/m2) and 12 age‐matched healthy controls were examined by (dynamic) 31P MRS (3 T system, 31P/1H coil). Phantoms (glucose‐1‐phosphate, Pi and PCr) were measured at pH values of 7.05 and 7.51. At rest, Pun signals with intensities higher than 50% of the Pi intensity were observed in 10 of the 68 examined diabetic subjects. We tested two hypothetical origins of the Pun signal: (1) phosphorus from phosphoesters and (2) phosphorus from extra‐ and intracellular alkaline phosphate pools. 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate and glucose‐1‐phosphate are the only phosphoesters with signals in the chemical shift region close to 5.3 ppm. Both compounds can be excluded: 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate due to the missing second signal component at 6.31 ppm; glucose‐1‐phosphate because its chemical shifts are about 0.2 ppm downfield from the Pi signal (4.9 ppm). If the Pun signal is from phosphate, it represents a pH value of 7.54 ± 0.05. Therefore, it could correspond to signals of Pi in mitochondria. However, patients with critical limb ischemia have rather few mitochondria and so the Pun signal probably originates from interstitia. Our data suggest that the increased Pun signal observed in patients with the diabetic foot syndrome is a biomarker of severe muscular damage.
Early improvements of individual symptoms as a predictor of treatment response to asenapine in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Ogyu Kamiyu , Noda Yoshihiro , Yoshida Kazunari , Kurose Shin , Masuda Fumi , Mimura Yu , Nishida Hana , Plitman Eric , Tarumi Ryosuke , Tsugawa Sakiko , Wada Masataka , Miyazaki Takahiro , Uchida Hiroyuki , Graff‐Guerrero Ariel , Mimura Masaru , Nakajima Shinichiro
Published: March 2020

Aim

It is well accepted that early improvement with antipsychotics predicts subsequent response in patients with schizophrenia. However, no study has examined the contribution of individual symptoms rather than overall symptom severity as the predictors. Thus, we aimed to detect individual symptoms whose improvements could predict subsequent response in patients with schizophrenia during treatment with asenapine and examine whether a prediction model with individual symptoms would be superior to a model using overall symptom severity.

Methods

This study analyzed a dataset including 532 patients with schizophrenia enrolled in a 6‐week double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized trial of asenapine. Response to asenapine was defined as a ≥30% decrease in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score from baseline to week 6. Stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations among response and PANSS total/individual item score improvements at week 1 or week 2.

Results

Response was associated with early improvement in the following PANSS items: disturbance of volition, active social avoidance, poor impulse control at week 1; and active social avoidance, poor attention, lack of judgment and insight at week 2. Prediction accuracy was almost compatible between the model with individual symptoms and the model with PANSS total score both at weeks 1 and 2 (Nagelkerke R2: .51, .42 and .55, .54, respectively).

Conclusion

Early improvement in negative symptoms, poor attention and impulse control, and lack of insight, in particular predicted subsequent treatment response in patients with schizophrenia during treatment with asenapine as accurately as prediction based on overall symptom severity.
Combining problem‐based learning and team‐based learning in a sustainable soil management course
Authors: Krzic Maja , Brown Sandra , Bomke Arthur A.
Published: March 2020

Professional natural resource managers require a solid understanding of sustainable soil practices. Postsecondary institutions are increasingly integrating innovative approaches such as hybrid problem‐based learning (PBL) and team‐based learning (TBL) to train future professional land managers to tackle complex problems. This article describes the application of a hybrid PBL–TBL approach in a combined undergraduate and graduate level course, Sustainable Soil Management, offered at the University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada. The course utilizes 15 modified PBL cases, where “modified PBL” refers to a hybrid PBL–TBL approach. The course aims to provide experiential learning opportunities for students to connect with practicing professionals and community partners in addressing real‐world issues. Course instructors identified several challenges related to the modified PBL approach including multiple outcomes based on data interpretation, imbalanced team composition, and complex cases that demand advanced education and/or experience. However, course instructors and students were favorable of the enhanced teaching and learning opportunities offered by the hybrid PBL–TBL format. Student engagement was facilitated by the practical relevance of the cases, the opportunity to incorporate fieldwork, and interactions with external (guest) case contributors; and a balance between knowledge‐based and competency‐based learning outcomes was achieved. This hybrid PBL–TBL approach could serve as a framework for other postsecondary courses focused on sustainable management of natural resources.
Competition mechanism during oxidation of pyrolysis gases in nonequilibrium boundary layer on thermal protection performance of charring composites
Authors: Li Weijie , Huang Jie , Zhang Zhongwei , Huang Haiming , Liang Jun
Published: March 2020

The influence of gas‐phase reactions in chemical nonequilibrium boundary layer on the thermal protection performance of charring materials has been analyzed in this work. These reactions are exothermic and compose of oxidation between the multicomponent pyrolysis gases and the oxidative gas components in the chemical nonequilibrium hypersonic boundary layer. During the reactions, the consumption amount of oxidizing components competes with the amount of exothermicity of gas‐phase oxidation reactions. We built the physical and mathematical models for the coupling of thermal and ablative responses of material, hypersonic flow response, and chemical response in chemical nonequilibrium boundary layer. Moreover, a new surface energy balance equation is built for bridging the multifield coupling mathematical models. In addition, the exothermic heat produced from the oxidation reactions of multicomponent pyrolysis gases is taken into consideration. The numerical example for the fluid‐chemical‐thermal‐ablative coupled behavior for a charring ablator and its environment for an Apollo‐like reentry vehicle in chemical nonequilibrium is simulated by using our two‐way coupling computer codes. Numerical results indicate that the oxidation of multicomponent pyrolysis gases in chemical nonequilibrium boundary layer weakens the mass ablation of surface char. Although the pyrolysis gas in the nonequilibrium boundary layer oxidizes and releases heat, the weakening effect of oxygen consumption on the surface is much more significant, especially when the cold heat flux is smaller.
National pharmacovigilance programs in Arab countries: A quantitative assessment study
Authors: Alshammari Thamir M. , Alenzi Khalidah A. , Ata Sondus I.
Published: March 2020

Purposes

The aim of the pharmacovigilance (PV) process is to bring together all the much‐needed information about various aspects of product safety or, in particular, the safety and vigilance of drugs as pharmaceutical products. This study aimed to investigate and provide an overview on the current situation and activities of the national PV centers in Arab countries.

Methods

A cross sectional study was conducted between March and May in 2018. The current survey was adopted and modified from a study that used the questionnaire designed by the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for International Drug Monitoring. The national PV centers of 22 Arab countries were invited to participate in this study. Descriptive analyses were conducted utilizing the analysis services provided by SurveyMonkey.

Results

In total of, 15 countries responded to our invitation (response rate: 68%). Most Arab countries started their PV program in the last decade, with Palestine implementing its program in 2017. Among the respondents, nine (60%) were members of the WHO International Drug Monitoring Program and were all users of the software provided by the WHO Uppsala Monitoring Center (VigiFlow or VigiBase), except Sudan. In 2017, a total of 27 502 reports were received by the centers in the studied countries, ranging from three reports received in Lebanon to a total of 7362 reports received by the national program of Algeria.

Conclusions

An improvement was noticed among the national PV programs in the Arab countries. However, a considerable difference still exists among the countries in terms of the implementation and practice of PV.
Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma with a novel variant inABCA12in a Chinese patient
Authors: Yang Zhou , Qi Zhan , Xu Zhe , Li Wei , Ma Lin
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE ) is characterized by fine, whitish scales on a background of erythematous skin over the whole body; it is reportedly caused by mutations inABCA12,ALOX12B,ALOXE3,CERS3,CYP4F22,NIPAL4,PNPLA1, andTGM1genes.

Case presentation

A 15‐month‐old girl presented with CIE associated with compound heterozygousABCA12mutations, a known missense mutation c.4139A>G (p.Asn1380Ser) from her father, and a novel missense mutation c.4300A>G (p.Thr1434Ala) from her mother.

Conclusion

This is the first report to indicate that compound heterozygous missense mutations in the first ATP‐binding cassette ofABCA12could contribute to the onset of CIE.
Anal swab findings in an infant with COVID‐19
Authors: Fan Qihong , Pan Yan , Wu Qingcui , Liu Shan , Song Xu , Xie Zhongguo , Liu Yang , Zhao Liang , Wang Zhonghong , Zhang Yifei , Wu Zuchuang , Guan Lei , Lv Xiaolong
Published: March 2020

Introduction

The transmission pathways of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) remain not completely clear. In this case study the test for the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in pharyngeal swab and anal swab were compared.

Case presentation

A 3‐month‐old girl was admitted to our hospital with COVID‐19. Her parents had both been diagnosed with COVID‐19. The results of pharyngeal swab and anal swab of the little girl were recorded and compared during the course of the disease. The oropharyngeal specimen showed negative result for SARS‐CoV‐2 on the 14th day after onset of the illness. However, the anal swab was still positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 on the 28th day after the onset of the illness.

Conclusion

The possibility of fecal‐oral transmission of COVID‐19 should be assessed. Personal hygiene during home quarantine merits considerable attention.
Versatile Preparation of Silica Nanocapsules for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Jiang Shuai , Mottola Milagro , Han Shen , Thiramanas Raweewan , Graf Robert , Lieberwirth Ingo , Mailänder Volker , Crespy Daniel , Landfester Katharina
Published: March 2020

Core–shell nanocapsules are receiving increasing interest for drug delivery applications. Silica nanocapsules have been the focus of intensive studies due to their biocompatibility, versatile silica chemistry, and tunable porosity. However, a versatile one‐step preparation of silica nanocapsules with well‐defined core–shell structure, tunable size, flexible interior loading, and tailored shell composition, permeability, and surface functionalization for site‐specific drug release and therapeutic tracking remains a challenge. Herein, an interfacially confined sol–gel process in miniemulsion for the one‐step versatile preparation of functional silica nanocapsules is developed. Uniform nanocapsules with diameters from 60 to 400 nm are obtained and a large variety of hydrophobic liquids are encapsulated in the core. When solvents with low boiling point are loaded, subsequent solvent evaporation converts the initially hydrophobic cavity into an aqueous environment. Stimuli‐responsive permeability of nanocapsules is programmed by introducing disulfide or tetrasulfide bonds in the shell. Selective and sustained release of dexamethasone in response to glutathione tripeptide for over 10 d is achieved. Fluorescence labeling of the silica shell and magnetic loading in the internal cavity enable therapeutic tracking of nanocapsules by fluorescence and electron microscopies. Thus, silica nanocapsules represent a promising theranostic nanoplatform for targeted drug delivery applications.
Magnetic field effect on the stability regions of a linear quadrupole
Authors: Sarfarazi Sonia , Sohani Moslem
Published: March 2020

Rationale

Linear quadrupole traps are employed in a wide range of applications. Here a linear quadrupole superimposed by a static transverse magnetic field in the x or y direction is considered. The magnetic field effect on the stability regions and performance of a linear quadrupole is surveyed.

Methods

The equations of motion of particles in the trap with a static transverse magnetic field are calculated analytically. Subsequently, an applied magnetic field changes equations and stability parameters. The stability diagrams of a linear quadrupole trap with and without a static transverse magnetic field are compared.

Results

A static transverse magnetic field applied to a linear quadrupole trap reshapes stability regions causing their area and position to change.

Conclusions

Stability region reshapes caused by a static transverse magnetic field applied to a linear quadrupole trap are calculated analytically.
A study of matrix and admixture elements in fluorine‐rich ionic conductors by pulsed glow discharge mass spectrometry
Authors: Chuchina Victoria , Gubal Anna , Lyalkin Yegor , Glumov Oleg , Trefilov Ivan , Sorokina Angelina , Savinov Sergey , Solovyev Nikolay , Ganeev Alexander
Published: March 2020

Rationale

Dopants in ionic conductors play a crucial role in achieving the required electrochemical properties. A slight variation in their concentration considerably affects the conductivity of crystals and their applicability as ionic conductors and laser materials. To ensure the growth of high‐quality fluoride crystals, adequate approaches for the quantification of matrix and admixture/dopant components are required.

Methods

A panel of SrF2‐ and GdF3‐doped LaF3 single crystals was investigated. The electrical conductivity of the crystals was measured using impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range 100 Hz–1 MHz to control for crystal quality. Pulsed glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS) was used to simultaneously quantify fluorine, strontium, lanthanum, and gadolinium in the crystals. X‐ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X–ray spectroscopy, and arc optical emission spectrometry were used for validation.

Results

Quasiperiodic intensity drifts under sputtering of the ionic conductors were observed and attributed to F− redistribution on the sample surface, affecting surface conductivity and sputtering rate. Several sample preparation protocols were tested to address that effect. Full coating of the sample with a layer of silver several micrometers thick provided stable and effective sputtering. The parameters for the GDMS determination of F, Sr, La, and Gd were optimized. The elements' distribution was studied in different parts of the crystals.

Conclusions

An analytical approach to the direct multi‐element analysis of fluoride‐containing ionic conductors using pulsed GDMS with La1−x−ySrxGdyF3−x as an example was designed and tested. Instability effects of ionic conductivity were explained and coped with, providing effective and stable sputtering.
Robust adaptive control of nonlinearly parametrized multivariable systems with unmatched disturbances
Authors: Yang Shaohua , Tao Gang , Jiang Bin
Published: March 2020

A new robust adaptive control scheme is developed for nonlinearly parametrized multivariable systems in the presence of parameter uncertainties and unmatched disturbances. The developed control scheme employs a new integrated framework of a functional bounding technique for handling nonlinearly parametrized system dynamics, an adaptive parameter estimation algorithm for dealing with parameter uncertainties, a nonlinear feedback controller structure for stabilization of interconnected system states, and a robust adaptive control design for accommodating unmatched disturbances. It is proved that such a new robust adaptive control scheme is capable of ensuring the global boundedness and mean convergence of all closed‐loop system signals. A complete simulation study on an air vehicle system with nonlinear parametrization in the presence of an unmatched wind disturbance is conducted, and its results verify the effectiveness of the proposed robust adaptive control scheme.
Surface and structural analysis of epitaxial La1−xSrx (Mn1−yCoy)zO3 films
Authors: Kaciulis Saulius , Bolli Eleonora , Mezzi Alessio , Vagner Milita , Plausinaitiene Valentina , Kersulis Skirmantas , Zurauskiene Nerija , Lukose Rasuole
Published: March 2020

In the present study were studied the ferromagnetic La1−xSrx (Mn1−yCoy)zO3 (LSMCO) films with Co content y = 0 to 0.18, grown on LaAlO3 substrates by advantageous pulsed‐injection metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique. The LSMCO films exhibit negative colossal magnetoresistance effect; therefore, they are interesting as potential material for the applications in magnetic field sensing. The changes of lattice volume in the investigated LSMCO films were monitored by X‐ray diffraction measurements revealing a transition from tensile to compressive strain with increase of Co content. Additionally, from the atomic force microscopy images, the surface smoothening with increase of y was determined. Despite the reduction of the out‐of‐plane lattice parameter of LSMCO, the increase of lattice volume in the whole Co‐doping range was observed. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with Ar+ ion sputtering was used for the investigation of chemical composition of the LSMCO films and demonstrated the change and redistribution of oxidation states of Mn and Co on the surface and in the volume of the films. Regardless of the structural changes and charge distribution of Co and Mn cations, epitaxial LSMCO exhibits ferromagnetic properties and magnetoresistance values increases with augmenting Co content in the range of y = 0 to 0.18.
TEMPO‐Mediated Aqueous Phase Electrooxidation of Pyridyl Methanol at Palladium‐Decorated PANI on Carbon Fiber Paper Electrode
Authors: Mathew Agnus T. , Akshaya K. B. , Vinod T. P. , Varghese Anitha , George Louis
Published: March 2020

Palladium nanoparticles decorated on polyaniline coated carbon fiber paper electrode (Pd‐PANI/CFP) was employed for TEMPO ((2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)oxyl) mediated electrocatalytic oxidation of pyridyl methanol to pyridyl carboxaldehyde using cyclic voltammetry in aqueous acidic media using a surfactant. The electrochemical properties of the modified electrodes were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The physicochemical properties of the modified electrodes were studied using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Optical profilometry, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Pd‐PANI/CFP electrode has exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards TEMPO mediated oxidation of pyridyl methanol owing to higher electrochemically active surface area of the modified electrode. CV studies suggested higher electrochemical activity for Pd‐PANI/CFP electrode when compared to PANI/CFP and bare CFP electrodes towards TEMPO mediated oxidation of pyridyl methanol.
Preparation of Crown‐Ether‐Functionalized Polysulfone Membrane by In Situ Surface Grafting for Selective Adsorption and Separation of Li+
Authors: Li Jixue , Yi Hong , Wang Mingxia , Yan Feng , Zhu Quanji , Wang Shouhe , Li Jianxin , He Benqiao , Cui Zhenyu
Published: March 2020

In order to develop an effective and environment‐friendly method for selective adsorption of Li+, a recyclable polysulfone surface graft 4‘‐aminobenzo‐12‐crown‐4‐ether (PSf‐sg‐AB12 C4) membrane was prepared via non‐solvent induced phase separation method and in situ surface grafting through nucleophilic substitution. The surface chemical compositions and the morphologies of the PSf‐sg‐AB12 C4 were systematically verified by X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dynamic adsorption process of PSf‐sg‐AB12 C4 for Li+ was well described by the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model, and the maximum equilibrium adsorption capability was 51.99 mg⋅g‐1. Moreover, the PSf‐sg‐AB12 C4 membrane displayed good selectivity for Li+, meanwhile the selective separation factors (α) of Li+ to K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were 38.43, 33.13, 27.11 and 3.42, respectively. These selective adsorption results were verified by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Additionally, the regenerated adsorption amount of the PSf‐sg‐AB12 C4 toward Li+ after 10 cycles of adsorption/desorption was 90.37% of initial adsorption cycle.
Calcination‐Dependent Surface Defect Variation and Antibacterial Activity of Magnesium Oxide Nanoplates
Authors: Li Xiaoyi , Zhao Jiao , Hong Xiaoyu , Yang Yan , Tang Xiaojia , Zhu Yimin , Li Tie
Published: March 2020

Nanostructured magnesium oxide (MgO) is a new kind of environment‐friendly antimicrobial agents with high efficiency, non‐toxicity and relatively low cost. Herein, MgO nanoplates were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal‐calcination method. Antibacterial test showed that the MgO nanoplates calcinated at 450 °C performed the best antibacterial activity, with the antibacterial ratio higher than 99.9 % against Escherichia coli. Based on the results of structural characterization and superoxide radical (.O2−) detection, the excellent antibacterial activity of MgO was attributed to the high content of oxygen vacancies, which could result in more .O2− production. In addition, the MgO nanoplates exhibited good antibacterial performance at low concentration, and also performed long‐term antibacterial activity. Our method provides a strategy for regulation of surface defects and improvement of antibacterial activity on the pure MgO nanoplates.