bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defining success in healthcare education: US dental student and faculty perspectives
Authors: Cruz Walma David Alexandre , Cruz Walma Alexander Mathieu , Khoynezhad Shirin , Park Sang E. , McKenzie Carly Timmons
Published: June 2023

Purpose/objectives

Academic metrics and clinical performance are necessary but alone insufficient in describing success in dental education. This paper identifies themes critical for dental student success as commonly cited by both dental students and faculty.

Methods

Dental faculty interviews and pre‐doctoral D2/D3/D4 student focus groups at two dental institutions generated data for thematic analysis. Themes were individually identified then merged, compared, and contrasted to establish a definitive list of key themes reflected in student and faculty comments.

Results

Twenty‐five pre‐doctoral students participated in one of four focus groups (two focus groups at each dental institution). Thirteen dental education faculty across two institutions participated in structured interviews. Thematic analysis produced five overlapping themes identified by both students and faculty across the two institutions: seeking understanding, collaborative spirit, personal ownership, organization, and broadened perspective. Faculty‐specific themes identified long‐term retention, a strong moral compass, and self‐sufficiency as critical for student success. Student‐specific themes identified their most successful peers to have a positive attitude, a perspective focused on personal investment and self‐care, as well as access to professional mentors.

Conclusion(s)

Both faculty and students in dental education perceive behaviors illustrative of a growth mindset as hallmarks of success in the oral healthcare profession. Relatedly, students exemplifying resilience and/or grit must believe their efforts to be worthwhile and impactful.
PACT inhibits the replication of SARS‐CoV‐2 through the blockage of GSK‐3β‐N‐nsp3 cascade
Authors: Lin Ying‐Ying , Yao Roubin , Zhuang Jiaxin , Wang Bo , Du Liubing , Guo Deyin , Pan Ji‐An , Peng Xiaoxue
Published: June 2023

The protein activator of protein kinase R (PKR) (PACT) has been shown to play a crucial role in stimulating the host antiviral response through the activation of PKR, retinoic acid‐inducible gene I, and melanoma differentiation‐associated protein 5. Whether PACT can inhibit viral replication independent of known mechanisms is still unrevealed. In this study, we show that, like many viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) hijacks GSK‐3β to facilitate its replication. GSK‐3β‐induced phosphorylation on N protein increased the interaction between N protein and nsp3. Thus, GSK‐3β‐N‐nsp3 cascade promotes viral replication. Although SARS‐CoV‐2 can sabotage the activation of AKT, the upstream proteins suppressing the activation of GSK‐3β, we found that the host can use PACT, another protein kinase, instead of AKT to decrease the activity of GSK‐3β and the interaction between PACT and GSK‐3β is enhanced upon viral infection. Moreover, PACT inhibited the activity of GSK‐3β independent of its well‐studied double‐stranded RNA binding and PKR activating ability. In summary, this study identified an unknown function of PACT in inhibiting SARS‐CoV‐2 replication through the blockage of GSK‐3β‐N‐nsp3 cascade.
New‐onset type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents as postacute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Rahmati Masoud , Yon Dong Keon , Lee Seung Won , Udeh Raphael , McEVoy Mark , Kim Min Seo , Gyasi Razak M. , Oh Hans , López Sánchez Guillermo F. , Jacob Louis , Li Yusheng , Koyanagi Ai , Shin Jae Il , Smith Lee
Published: June 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in children and adolescents may increase risk for a variety of post‐acute sequelae including new‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Therefore, this meta‐analysis aims to estimate the risk of developing new‐onset type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents as post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE were systematically searched up to March 20, 2023. A systematic review and subsequent meta‐analyses were performed to calculate the pooled effect size, expressed as risk ratio (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of each outcome based on a one‐stage approach and the random‐effects estimate of the pooled effect sizes of each outcome were generated with the use of the DerSimonian‐Laird method. Eight reports from seven studies involving 11 220 530 participants (2 140 897 patients with a history of diagnosed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and 9 079 633 participants in the respective control groups) were included. The included studies reported data from four U.S. medical claims databases covering more than 503 million patients (IQVIA, HealthVerity, TriNetX, and Cerner Real‐World Data), and three national health registries for all children and adolescents in Norway, Scotland, and Denmark. It was shown that the risk of new‐onset T1DM following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children and adolescents was 42% (95% CI 13%−77%, p = 0.002) higher compared with non‐COVID‐19 control groups. The risk of developing new‐onset T1DM following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was significantly higher (67%, 95% CI 32 %–112%, p = 0.0001) in children and adolescents between 0 and 11 years, but not in those between 12 and 17 years (RR = 1.10, 95% CI 0.54–2.23, p = 0.79). We also found that the higher risk for developing new‐onset T1DM following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection only exists in studies from the United States (RR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.37−2.11, p = 0.00001) but not Europe (RR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.67−1.55, p = 0.93). Furthermore, we found that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was associated with an elevation in the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children and adolescents compared with non‐COVID‐19 control groups (RR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.07−6.11, p = 0.03). Our findings mainly obtained from US medical claims databases, suggest that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is associated with higher risk of developing new‐onset T1DM and diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents. These findings highlight the need for targeted measures to raise public health practitioners and physician awareness to provide intervention strategies to reduce the risk of developing T1DM in children and adolescents who have had COVID‐19.
Planting and mowing cover crops as livestock feed to synergistically optimize soil properties, economic profit, and environmental burden on pear orchards in the Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Fu Haoran , Chen Hong , Ma Qingxu , Chen Bo , Wang Feiyang , Wu Lianghuan
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Pears, as an important cash crop, are currently facing great issues due to unsustainable management practices. Cover cropping is a sustainable management strategy that can improve soil fertility and increase fruit yield, while it may also stimulate greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, synergizing multiple indicators to achieve sustainable development is critical. This study introduces a new management system, namely the planting and mowing of ryegrass as a livestock feed system (PRSS), and analyzes its impact on soil quality, economic benefits, and environmental burdens.

RESULTS

Our results indicated that PRSS could increase soil pH from 5.08 to 5.48 and decrease the content of soil alkali‐hydrolyzable nitrogen, total phosphate, and available phosphate (26.96–59.89%) while also enhancing yield (+38.51%) compared with the traditional natural grass management system (TMS). The average soil methane fluxes in PRSS were 72.67 μg m−2 day−1, higher than those of TMS (61.28 μg m−2 day−1). However, the gross primary production was lower than TMS (−37.24%), and no significant difference was observed in soil nitrous oxide fluxes. In different scenarios, the total profit of PRSS mode 1 (mowing ryegrass and selling to a livestock company) and PRSS mode 2 (mowing ryegrass and feeding own sheep) were 10 706.21 $ ha−1 and 26 592.87 $ ha−1 respectively. These values are respectively2.36 times and 5.85 times higher than that of TMS. The total global warming potential of TMS (18.19 t CO2‐eq ha−1) was 1.29 t CO2‐eq ha−1 higher and 2.89 t CO2‐eq ha−1 lower than that of PRSS mode 1 and mode 2 respectively.

CONCLUSION

Compared with traditional natural grass, planting and mowing ryegrass in pear orchards can optimize soil properties, increase fruit yield, and reduce global warming potential. Different modes can greatly increase revenue but have varying impacts on environmental burdens. These findings can help rebuild the links between farmland and specialized livestock production, contributing to sustainable development in the pear industries. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Human‐ and AI‐based authorship: Principles and ethics
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. , Tsigaris Panagiotis
Published: June 2023

Key points

The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) recommendations for authorship are the dominant guidelines that guide who, and under what circumstances, an individual can be an author of an academic paper.

Large language models (LLMs) and AI, like ChatGPT, given their ability and versatility, pose a challenge to the human‐based authorship model.

Several journals and publishers have already prohibited the assignment of authorship to AI, LLMs, and even ChatGPT, not recognizing them as valid authors.

We debate this premise, and asked ChatGPT to opine on this issue. ChatGPT considers itself as an invalid author.

We applied the CRediT criteria to AI, finding that it was definitively able to satisfy three out of the 14 criteria, but only in terms of assistance. This was validated by ChatGPT itself.
Recent Advances in Dual‐Function Superhydrophobic Antibacterial Surfaces
Authors: Jia Dongxu , Lin Yuancheng , Zou Yi , Zhang Yanxia , Yu Qian
Published: June 2023

Bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation on the surfaces of synthetic materials imposes a significant burden in various fields, which can lead to infections in patients or reduce the service life of industrial devices. Therefore, there is increasing interest in imbuing surfaces with antibacterial properties. Bioinspired superhydrophobic surfaces with high water contact angles (>150°) exhibit excellent surface repellency against contaminations, thereby preventing initial bacterial adhesion and inhibiting biofilm formation. However, conventional superhydrophobic surfaces typically lack long‐term durability and are incapable of achieving persistent efficacy against bacterial adhesion. To overcome these limitations, in recent decades, dual‐function superhydrophobic antibacterial surfaces with both bacteria‐repelling and bacteria‐killing properties have been developed by introducing bactericidal components. These surfaces have demonstrated improved long‐term antibacterial performance in addressing the issues associated with surface‐attached bacteria. This review summarizes the recent advancements of these dual‐function superhydrophobic antibacterial surfaces. First, a brief overview of the fabrication strategies and bacteria‐repelling mechanism of superhydrophobic surfaces is provided and then the dual‐function superhydrophobic antibacterial surfaces are classified into three types based on the bacteria‐killing mechanism: i) mechanotherapy, ii) chemotherapy, and iii) phototherapy. Finally, the limitations and challenges of current research are discussed and future perspectives in this promising area are proposed.
Effect of the Fiber Diameter of Polyamide 11 Nanofibers on Their Internal Molecular Orientation and Properties
Authors: Yang Zichen , Takarada Wataru , Matsumoto Hidetoshi
Published: June 2023

Herein, the effect of the diameter of polyamide 11 nanofibers (PA11 NFs) on their internal structures as well as thermal and mechanical properties is investigated. Aligned PA11 NFs with diameters ranging from 109 to 462 nm are prepared by the single‐component solvent electrospinning of different PA11/1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) solutions (4–8 wt%) and subsequently characterized. Owing to the similar hydrogen bond formation within the NFs during electrospinning, all prepared NFs have δ'‐phase crystals with similar crystallinities and crystallite sizes. However, the orientation of the δ'‐phase crystals is disrupted in NFs with diameters less than 200 nm, due to the rapid solidification during electrospinning. The δ'‐phase crystals are the most highly oriented within NFs having a fiber diameter of ≈300 nm, and the corresponding NF sheets exhibit the highest mechanical strength. A single PA11 NF with a fiber diameter of ≈300 nm also exhibits a good piezoelectric response (piezoelectric coefficient d33 = 2.1 pm V–1).
Forkhead Box Q1 is a novel regulator of autophagy in breast cancer cells
Authors: Kim Su‐Hyeong , Hahm Eun‐Ryeong , Singh Shivendra V.
Published: June 2023

Forkhead Box Q1 (FoxQ1) transcription factor is overexpressed in luminal‐type and basal‐type human breast cancers when compared to normal mammary tissue. This transcription factor is best known for its role in promotion of breast cancer stem‐like cells and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. The present study documents a novel function of FoxQ1 in breast cancer cells. Overexpression of FoxQ1 in basal‐like SUM159 cells and luminal‐type MCF‐7 cells resulted in increased conversion of microtubule‐associated protein light chain 3 beta‐I (LC3B‐I) to LC3B‐II, which is a hallmark of autophagy. Autophagy induction by FoxQ1 overexpression was confirmed by visualization of LC3B puncta as well as by transmission electron microscopy. Expression profiling for genes implicated in autophagy regulation revealed upregulation of many genes, including ATG4B, ATG16L1, CTSS, CXCR4 and so forth but downregulation of BCL2L1, DRAM1, TNF, ULK2 and so forth by FoxQ1 overexpression in SUM159 cells. Western blot analysis confirmed upregulation of ATG4B and CXCR4 proteins by FoxQ1 overexpression in both SUM159 and MCF‐7 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed recruitment of FoxQ1 at the promoter of ATG4B. Pharmacological inhibition of ATG4B using S130 significantly increased apoptosis induction by DOX in empty vector transfected as well as FoxQ1 overexpressing SUM159 and MCF‐7 cells but this effect was statistically significantly lowered by FoxQ1 overexpression indicating the protective role of FoxQ1 on apoptosis. Treatment of SUM159 cells with S130 and DOX enhanced LC3B‐II level in both empty vector transfected cells and FoxQ1 overexpressing SUM159 cells but not in FoxQ1 overexpressing MCF‐7 cells. In conclusion, FoxQ1 is a novel regulator of autophagy.
Nonlinear stability of forced traveling waves for a Lotka–Volterra cooperative model under climate change
Authors: Yan Rui , Liu Guirong , Li Xiaocui
Published: June 2023

This paper is concerned with the nonlinear stability of forced traveling waves for a Lotka–Volterra cooperative model under climate change. Firstly, by applying the ‐weighted energy estimate method, the comparison principle, and the squeezing technique, we investigate that all forced traveling waves with the speed are exponentially stable in the form of for some . Secondly, in order to improve the former results, we take another weight function and construct the related different weighted Sobolev space. Instead of the ‐weighted energy estimate, we first establish a ‐weighted energy estimate in the weighted Sobolev space. Then, by using this crucial ‐estimate, we further obtain the desired ‐energy estimate. Finally, we obtain that all forced traveling waves with the speed are exponentially stable in the form of for some , where .
Gasdermin E plasmid DNA/indocyanine green coloaded hybrid nanoparticles with spatiotemporal controllability to induce pyroptosis for colon cancer treatment
Authors: Jiang Ailing , Wang Mao , Liu Huimin , Liu Simeng , Song Xiaoshuang , Zou Yu , Deng Yuchuan , Qin Qin , Song Yiran , Zheng Yu
Published: June 2023

Pyroptosis is an immunogenic cell death and would trigger robust antitumor immunity. However, due to cytoxicity of pyroptosis executors, Gasdermin family proteins, it is indispensable to construct tumor‐specific vectors. Here, we report the development of a novel vector named lipid‐coated poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles coloaded with Gasdermin E expressing plasmid DNA (GSDME‐pDNA) with a heat‐inducible mouse heat shock protein 70 (mHSP70) as the promoter and a photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) to activate the mHSP70 element. The cellular internalization and transfection rate of the vector were remarkably enhanced by photothermal treatment. And the mHSP70 promoter further improved the gene transfection rate for about 15‐fold. With the combination of oxaliplatin (OXA), the mechanism switch between apoptosis and pyroptosis was fulfilled by cleavage of GSDME through activated caspase‐3, which promoted damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) release and increased the infiltration of immune cells at the tumor site. This combination strategy not only prominently inhibited the growth of the treated tumor, but also exhibited a lethal effect on the distal tumors. Besides, mouse colon cancer cell CT26 overexpressing GSDME after OXA treatment had the potential to be the preventive tumor vaccine. This study provides a novel thought and feasible method for the clinical treatment of colon cancer.
Mechanical and thermal characteristics of steam‐exploded silane grafted Kigelia Pinnata fruit (KPF) fiber reinforced vinyl ester polymer composites
Authors: K Vishal , K Rajkumar , P Sabarinathan , A Arun
Published: June 2023

The cellulose‐rich Kigelia pinnata aqueous fruit (KPF) fiber is a valuable natural biomass and has drawn attention as a renewable resource. Vinyl ester polymer matrix composites with better interfacial properties can have higher mechanical and energy dissipation properties. It can be obtained by the use of steam‐exploded silane‐grafted KP fibers with various fractions incorporated in the polymer matrix. KPF fiber grafting was maximized at 5% concentration after a steam explosion, removing hemicelluloses and lignin, thereby enriching a 23% crystallinity index (CI), leading to rich cellulose fiber. Steam explosion along with silane grafting increases the interfacial adhesion of the KPF fibers and the matrix through the interfacial bonding structure of Si–O–Si bonds, as confirmed by FTIR. A fiber with greater tensile strength was used to fabricate the vinyl ester composites. The highest tensile value of the steam‐exploded silane surface‐modified 30% KPF fiber‐reinforced composite was 125 MPa compared to the unmodified one due to increased stress distribution and restricted polymer chain movements. Compared to the untreated 30% KPF fruit fiber composite, steam‐exploded silane‐treated fiber showed a 12% higher impact energy due to faster load transfer, causing more impact energy absorption. A relatively higher interlaminar shear strength was shown for 30% treated KPF composites than for 30% untreated KPF composites. The steam‐exploded silane‐treated fiber (30%) composite shows the greatest thermal decomposition temperature of 399 °C because silane‐surface‐treated fibers contact the organo‐functional silane group in the polymer matrix. As a result, it obstructs polymer chain motions at higher temperatures, causing increased bonding strength.
Fabrication of the low‐residual‐stress optical microstructure by using the simulation and practice strategies, in‐mold induction heating system, and injection compression molding technology
Authors: Huang Zhi‐Yu , Chiu Chun‐Yang , Ke Kun‐Cheng , Yang Sen‐Yeu
Published: June 2023

This study developed an in‐mold induction heating system for the injection compression molding process to overcome the problem of incomplete filling of microstructures caused by the formation of skin layers and residual stress caused by flow. Moldex3D software was used with the Taguchi method to optimize the molding parameters for both injection molding and injection compression molding, with the aim of reducing warpage and improving optical quality. The in‐mold induction heating system has extremely high heating efficiency. Experiments revealed that a time of only 8 s was required to inducted‐heat up the core to the glass transition temperature which keeps the melt under a good state of flow and allows a replication rate of 97%. In addition, the ICM process can effectively reduce the flow‐induced residual stress and improve the optical properties of the obtained samples. Finally, the illuminance of the product fabricated through ICM with induction heating for 10 s was 2.3 times higher than that of the product obtained through ICM without induction heating. Accordingly, the proposed induction heating system is feasible for use in ICM the rapid manufacturing of high‐quality optical products with microstructures.
Physical therapist–led interventions based on the biopsychosocial model provide improvement in disability and pain for spinal disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Miki Takahiro , Kondo Yu , Kurakata Hiroshi , Takebayashi Tsuneo , Samukawa Mina
Published: June 2023

Objective

To summarize the effects of physical therapist–led interventions based on the biopsychosocial (BPS) model in spinal disorders compared to interventions with no BPS model through a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized‐controlled trials.

Type

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Literature Survey

We searched the Web of Science, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and PEDro up to October 27, 2022.

Methodology

Pain intensity and disability were primary outcomes and psychological factors were secondary outcomes in spinal disorders. The included intervention was physical therapist–led interventions based on the BPS model. The control group received no physiotherapy intervention for BPS. Pooled effects were analyzed as standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and the random‐effects model was used for the meta‐analysis. The subgroup analysis was divided into low back pain group and neck pain group. Another subgroup analysis was conducted only of the groups that had received training of the BPS model.

Synthesis

Fifty‐seven studies with 5471 participants met the inclusion criteria. For pain intensity, there was a statistically significant effect for the BPS model led by physical therapists in the short, medium, and long terms. The SMDs with 95% CIs were −0.44 (−0.62, −0.27), −0.24 (−0.37, −0.12), and −0.17 (−0.28, −0.06), respectively. Outcomes were clinically significant, except in the long term. For disability, there was a statistically significant effect in the short, medium, and long terms. The SMDs with 95% CIs were −0.48 (−0.69, −0.27), −0.44 (−0.64, −0.25), and −0.37 (−0.58, −0.15), respectively. All periods were clinically significant. The quality of the evidence was low for all of the main outcomes for all of the terms.

Conclusion

Physical therapist–led interventions based on the BPS model effectively improve pain intensity and disability in patients with spinal disorders based on low‐quality evidence.
Lung ultrasound score predicts patent ductus arteriosus ligation among neonates ≤25 weeks
Authors: Zong Haifeng , Huang Yichu , Huang Zhifeng , Zhao Jie , Lin Bingchun , Fu Yongping , Lin Yanqing , Yu Yanliang , Sun Hongyan , Yang Chuanzhong
Published: June 2023

Background

This prospective study aimed to investigate whether lung ultrasound score (LUSs) can predict the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation.

Methods

Preterm infants ≤25 weeks of gestational age (GA) were enrolled. A lung ultrasound was performed on the 14th day of life. Each lung zone was given a score between 0 and 4. A receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to evaluate the ability of the LUSs for predicting ligation.

Results

A total of 81 infants were eligible with a median GA and birth weight (BW) of 25 weeks (24.1–25.2) and 710 g (645–770), respectively. The median time from birth to ligation was 35 days (32–51). Those who underwent ligation had a longer time of mechanical ventilation (34 [26–39] vs. 19 [12–30], p < 0.001), shorter time of noninvasive respiratory support (39 [32–51] vs. 50 [41.5–57], p < 0.01), higher incidence of the bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (p < 0.01), and severe BPD (p < 0.001). The LUSs had an area under the ROC of 0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.93–0.99) for the prediction of ligation. A LUSs cutoff of 36 has a sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 86% and positive and negative predictive values of 82% and 98%, respectively.

Conclusions

LUSs at an early stage of life can predict PDA ligation in extremely preterm infants. It would be helpful to reduce morbidity by reducing the duration and magnitude of respiratory support.
Achieving Stable Lithium Metal Anode at 50 mA cm−2 Current Density by LiCl Enriched SEI
Authors: Fan Yuxin , Wu Tongwei , He Miao , Chen Wei , Yan Chaoyi , Li Fei , Hu Anjun , Li Yaoyao , Wang Fan , Jiao Yu , Zhou Mingjie , Wang Shuying , Hu Yin , Yan Yichao , Lei Tianyu , Wang Xianfu , Xiong Jie
Published: June 2023

Lithium metal batteries are intensively studied due to the potential to bring up breakthroughs in high energy density devices. However, the inevitable growth of dendrites will cause the rapid failure of battery especially under high current density. Herein, the utilization of tetrachloroethylene (C2Cl4) is reported as the electrolyte additive to induce the formation of the LiCl‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Because of the lower Li ion diffusion barrier of LiCl, such SEI layer can supply sufficient pathway for rapid Li ion transport, alleviate the concentration polarization at the interface and inhibit the growth of Li dendrites. Meanwhile, the C2Cl4 can be continuously replenished during the cycle to ensure the stability of the SEI layer. With the aid of C2Cl4‐based electrolyte, the Li metal electrodes can maintain stable for >300 h under high current density of 50 mA cm−2 with areal capacity of 5 mAh cm−2, broadening the compatibility of lithium metal anode toward practical application scenarios.
Pseudocapacitive Potassium‐Ion Intercalation Enabled by Topologically Defective Soft Carbon toward High‐Rate, Large‐Areal‐Capacity, and Low‐Temperature Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Haozhen , Huang Junlong , Liu Shaohong , Chen Yongqi , Cen Zongheng , Shi Chenguang , Lu Yuheng , Fu Ruowen
Published: June 2023

Carbonaceous materials are widely investigated as anodes for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). However, the inferior rate capability, low areal capacity, and limited working temperature caused by sluggish K‐ions diffusion kinetics are still primary challenges for carbon‐based anodes. Herein, a simple temperature‐programmed co‐pyrolysis strategy is proposed for the efficient synthesis of topologically defective soft carbon (TDSC) based on inexpensive pitch and melamine. The skeletons of TDSC are optimized with shortened graphite‐like microcrystals, enlarged interlayer spacing, and abundant topological defects (e.g., pentagons, heptagons, and octagons), which endow TDSC with fast pseudocapacitive K‐ion intercalation behavior. Meanwhile, micrometer‐sized structure can reduce the electrolyte degradation over particle surface and avoid unnecessary voids, ensuring a high initial Coulombic efficiency as well as high energy density. These synergistic structural advantages contribute to excellent rate capability (116 mA h g−1 at 20 C), impressive areal capacity (1.83 mA h cm−2 with a mass loading of 8.32 mg cm−2), long‐term cycling stability (capacity retention of 91.8% after 1200 h cycling), and low working temperature (−10 °C) of TDSC anodes, demonstrating great potential for the practical application of PIBs.
Dilatometric Study of Continuous Annealing of a Cold‐Rolled Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Hayoune Abdelali , Maredj Halima , Fajoui Jamal , Dubos Pierre-Antoine
Published: June 2023

The sequence of structural changes produced in two deformed microstructures of austenitic stainless steel elaborated by a multipass unidirectional cold rolling (CR) and a two‐step one, to a 75% thickness reduction, is followed by dilatometric experiments. The two materials show different dilatometric behaviors. X‐ray diffraction and microhardness measurements are performed to underlie the observed dilatometric behaviors. The material subjected to multipass unidirectional CR shows an unusual dilatometric behavior. The first heating stage leads to the occurrence of the recovery reaction in competition with the ε‐martensite reversion. When the temperature increases between 550 and 780 °C, the reversion of deformation‐induced α‐martensite takes place and leads to a complicated dilatometric anomaly. Further increase in temperature leads to the occurrence of the recrystallization transformation. However, the material subjected to two‐step CR shows a quite usual dilatometric behavior which is explained by the occurrence of several reactions in the following order: 1) T < 300 °C, the recovery reaction, 2) 300 < T < 680 °C, the ferro‐ to paramagnetic transformation of α‐martensite, the reversion of ε‐martensite, and the athermal reversion of α‐martensite, 3) 680 < T < 760 °C, thermal reversion of DIM, and then 4) at T > 760 °C, the recrystallization.
Recent Advances in Functional Nanoparticle Assemblies
Authors: Lübkemann-Warwas Franziska , Morales Irene , Bigall Nadja C.
Published: June 2023

Assemblies of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) into various functional superstructures, such as ordered or nonordered, microscopic or macroscopic, and templated or self‐supported, have recently attracted a lot of research interest. The continuous development of colloidal nanoparticle synthesis enables a fine‐tuning of the structure and properties of such functional superstructures leading to numerous new applications. Herein, it is aimed to summarize a variety of assemblies based on ordered self‐assembled NPs, e.g., stacked nanoplatelets, and nonordered self‐assembled NPs, e.g., nanoparticle‐based aerogels and cryoaerogels, systems ranging from the microscopic to the macroscopic range. Depending on the materials of the nanoparticle building blocks used, e.g., metallic, magnetic, semiconducting, or their combination in hybrid systems, both ordered and nonordered assemblies yield interesting properties for a wide variety of applications, such as catalysis, photocatalysis, or sensing, which are highlighted and discussed.
Impact of slag‐fly ash cementitious system on thermal controls and durability of high‐strength mass concrete
Authors: Mokal Manish Prabhakar , Mandal Romio , Nayak Sanket , Panda Sarat Kumar
Published: June 2023

The rise in temperature due to the heat of hydration in the high‐strength mass concrete poses serious issues such as thermal cracking and delayed ettringite formation. The present experimental investigation is to optimize the proportions of SCMs like fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast‐furnace slag (GGBS) for the same grade of high‐strength mass concrete with a focus on controlling the peak temperature rise and improving sustainability. For this purpose, one 100% ordinary Portland cement (OPC)‐based sample (T1) and five SCMs‐based samples viz. T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 in which OPC was replaced by 20% FA, 35% FA, 50% GGBS, 70% GGBS, and 33%FA + 33% GGBS, respectively, were cast in the insulated blocks having one cubic meter volume. Analyzing critically, it is observed that for the same grade of concrete, the right blend of SCMs greatly reduces the peak core temperature (~33.2% and ~ 39.4% for T5 and T6 samples, respectively) than the sample prepared with 100% OPC. This is due to the reduction in the total heat of hydration in the SCMs‐based system than that of the OPC‐based system at early age. The amount of hydration products formed at early age varies for different percentages of SCMs, which is investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analyses. Additionally, compressive strength analysis reveals that all the samples achieved almost similar strength (71.4, 74.6, 73.5, 71.5, 69.2, and 68.2 MPa, respectively, for T1 to T6 samples) at 56 days. Moreover, the rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) values of the T2 to T5 samples are measured to be 597, 461, 672, 584, and 621 coulombs; while, the same is measured to be 2637, coulombs for the T1 sample, indicating higher durability of SCMs‐based samples. Finally, based on the analyses, a plausible model has been presented to explain the phenomenon, and industrial viability analysis is done to adjudge its suitability for an onsite application.
Understanding the Rhodopsin Worldview Through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): Structure, Stability, and Activity Studies
Authors: Senapati Subhadip , Park Paul S.‐H.
Published: June 2023

Rhodopsin is a G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) present in the rod outer segment (ROS) of photoreceptor cells that initiates the phototransduction cascade required for scotopic vision. Due to the remarkable advancements in technological tools, the chemistry of rhodopsin has begun to unravel especially over the past few decades, but mostly at the ensemble scale. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a tool capable of providing critical information from a single‐molecule point of view. In this regard, to bolster our understanding of rhodopsin at the nanoscale level, AFM‐based imaging, force spectroscopy, and nano‐indentation techniques were employed on ROS disc membranes containing rhodopsin, isolated from vertebrate species both in normal and diseased states. These AFM studies on samples from native retinal tissue have provided fundamental insights into the structure and function of rhodopsin under normal and dysfunctional states. We review here the findings from these AFM studies that provide important insights on the supramolecular organization of rhodopsin within the membrane and factors that contribute to this organization, the molecular interactions stabilizing the structure of the receptor and factors that can modify those interactions, and the mechanism underlying constitutive activity in the receptor that can cause disease.
Accuracy of sonographic fetal weight estimation and prediction of birth‐weight discordance in twin pregnancy: large single‐center study
Authors: Rosen H. , Gold‐Zamir Y. , Lopian M. , Weissbach T. , Kassif E. , Weisz B.
Published: June 2023

Objectives

To determine the accuracy of sonographic fetal weight estimation in predicting birth weight (BW) and BW discordance in twin gestations, and to evaluate maternal and fetal characteristics that may affect the accuracy of this assessment.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of all twins delivered at a single tertiary medical center between 2010 and 2021. Twin gestations for which sonographic estimation of fetal weight was performed within the week preceding delivery were included. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the strength of the correlation between sonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW) and BW, and to determine the impact of maternal and fetal factors on the accuracy of sonographic estimation.

Results

The study included 2154 twin pregnancies. There was a strong correlation between sonographic EFW and corresponding BW for all twins (r = 0.922; P < 0.001). Strong correlations were observed for both the presenting and non‐presenting cotwin (r = 0.921 and r = 0.922, respectively; both P < 0.001), as well as the larger and smaller cotwin (r = 0.928 and r = 0.934, respectively; both P < 0.001). The overall mean ± SD absolute error of sonographic EFW was 7.41 ± 6.81%. This error was greater for the non‐presenting cotwin compared with the presenting cotwin (7.99 ± 6.12% vs 7.17 ± 5.64%; P < 0.001), and for the smaller cotwin compared with the larger cotwin (8.56 ± 7.50% vs 6.58 ± 5.47%; P < 0.001). Advanced gestational age at scanning was correlated inversely with the mean absolute error of sonographic EFW. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that an earlier gestational age at scanning, being the non‐presenting cotwin and being the smaller cotwin were independent risk factors for sonographic EFW inaccuracy. Pregnancies in which the presenting twin was estimated to be the smaller cotwin had twice the rate of false‐positive BW discordance compared with pregnancies in which the presenting twin was estimated to be the larger cotwin (36.0% vs 13.0% for BW discordance > 15%, 35.0% vs 17.0% for BW discordance > 20% and 37.7% vs 12.1% for BW discordance > 25%; all P < 0.001). The error in sonographic EFW discordance was not related to chorionicity, the position of the presenting fetus or gestational age at the time of fetal weight estimation.

Conclusions

Sonographic estimation of fetal weight within 7 days before delivery accurately predicts BW in twin pregnancy. Sonographic EFW accuracy is reduced for the non‐presenting twin, the smaller cotwin and when delivery occurs at an earlier gestational age. Sonographic estimation of fetal weight discordance is less accurate when the presenting twin is the smaller cotwin. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
D4-branes wrapped on a topological disk
Authors: Suh Minwoo
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Employing the method applied to M5-branes recently by Bah, Bonetti, Minasian and Nardoni, we study D4-branes wrapped on a disk with a non-trivial holonomy at the boundary. In F (4) gauged supergravity in six dimensions, we find supersymmetric AdS4 solutions and uplift the solutions to massive type IIA supergravity. We calculate the holographic free energy of dual three-dimensional superconformal field theories.
Stabilizing complex Langevin for real-time gauge theories with an anisotropic kernel
Authors: Boguslavski Kirill , Hotzy Paul , Müller David I.
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The complex Langevin (CL) method is a promising approach to overcome the sign problem that occurs in real-time formulations of quantum field theories. Using the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, we study SU(Nc) gauge theories with CL. We observe that current stabilization techniques are insufficient to obtain correct results. Therefore, we revise the discretization of the CL equations on complex time contours, find a time reflection symmetric formulation and introduce a novel anisotropic kernel that enables CL simulations on discretized complex time paths. Applying it to SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in 3+1 dimensions, we obtain unprecedentedly stable results that we validate using additional observables and that can be systematically improved. For the first time, we are able to simulate non-Abelian gauge theory on time contours whose real-time extent exceeds its inverse temperature. Thus, our approach may pave the way towards an ab-initio real-time framework of QCD in and out of equilibrium with a potentially large impact on the phenomenology of heavy-ion collisions.
Beidseitiges Thoraxtrauma – „double the trouble“?
Authors: Schmelzer Katharina , Ziegenhain Franziska , Canal Claudio , Pape Hans-Christoph , Neuhaus Valentin
Published: June 2023

Hintergrund

Das Thoraxtrauma ist mit einer hohen Morbidität und Mortalität assoziiert. Zur Festlegung der Behandlungsstrategie bei Patienten mit Thoraxtrauma ist eine Abschätzung dieses Risikos elementar.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ziel der Arbeit war 1) eine Analyse der Begleitverletzungen bei ein- bzw. beidseitigen Rippenfrakturen respektive Lungenkontusionen. Des Weiteren erfolgte 2) eine Evaluierung hinsichtlich von Unterschieden in der Komplikationsrate bei ein- bzw. beidseitigen Rippenfrakturen respektive Lungenkontusionen.

Material und Methoden

Retrospektive Analyse aller stationären Patienten mit einem Thoraxtrauma während einer 5‑Jahres-Periode in einem Level-I-Trauma-Zentrum. Wir verwendeten bi- und multivariate Analysen, um die Assoziation von ein- bzw. beidseitigen Rippenfrakturen respektive Lungenkontusionen mit diversen Begleitverletzungen und Outcomes zu ermitteln.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt 714 Patienten mit mindestens einer Rippenfraktur oder Lungenkontusion wurden analysiert. Patienten mit Lungenkontusionen waren signifikant jünger als Patienten ohne (45 vs. 59 Jahre). Patienten mit beidseitigen Rippenfrakturen oder Lungenkontusionen hatten signifikant häufiger eine zusätzliche Verletzung der Brustwirbelsäule. Der durchschnittliche Injury Severity Score (ISS) lag bei 19.

Komplikationen traten bei 36 % der Patienten auf. Beidseitige Thoraxverletzungen führten bis zu einer 70 %igen Erhöhung der Komplikationsrate. Die Einlage von Thoraxdrainagen, zusätzliche Becken- und Abdominalverletzungen sowie höheres Alter waren signifikante Risikofaktoren für Komplikationen. Die Mortalität lag bei 10 % und war bei beidseitigen Thoraxverletzungen mehr als doppelt so hoch. Höheres Alter, Schädel- und Beckenverletzungen waren Prädiktoren hierfür.

Diskussion/Schlussfolgerungen

Bilaterale Verletzungen wiesen klar höhere Mortalitäts- und Komplikationsraten auf. Die genannten signifikanten Risikofaktoren müssen bei der Behandlung bedacht werden. Beim beidseitigen Thoraxtrauma sollte zudem gezielt nach einer zusätzlichen Brustwirbelsäulenverletzung gesucht werden.
The influence of shielding gases on keyhole-induced porosity and nitrogen absorption in SS 304 stainless steel fiber laser welds
Authors: Hafez Khalid M.
Published: June 2023

Regarding porosity formation and gas content, choosing the appropriate shielding gas for laser welding is essential for achieving high-quality joints. Keyhole-induced porosity formation tendency and nitrogen content in SS 304 stainless steel welds were investigated based on the nitrogen content in shielding gases during fiber laser welding. Beads-on-plate autogenous welds were made at 5 kW continuous wave (CW) fiber laser in N2 and Ar mixtures. Optical metallography, micro-focused X-ray, X-ray radiography, and high-speed images of the molten pool were used to investigate the porosity formation. In addition, a gas analyzer was used to study the weld metal nitrogen content. The results show that nitrogen significantly impacts the reduction of porosity in the melting zone and increases the dissolved nitrogen in the solidified weld metal, as using pure nitrogen leads to an increase in dissolved nitrogen by 36% higher than the nitrogen content in the base metal. In contrast, it has almost no significant effect on the keyhole mode.
The presence of β’1-COP and β’2-COP is required for female and male gametophyte development
Authors: Sánchez-Simarro Judit , Aniento Fernando , Marcote María Jesús
Published: June 2023

Coat protein I (COPI) and Coat protein II (COPII) coated vesicles mediate protein transport in the early secretory pathway. Although several components of COPII vesicles have been shown to have an essential role in Arabidopsis gametogenesis, the function of COPI components in gametogenesis has not been studied in detail. COPI consists of a heptameric complex made of α, β, β′, γ, δ, ɛ, and ζ-COP subunits and most subunits have several isoforms in Arabidopsis. We have found that two isoforms of the β’-COP subunit, β’1-COP and β’2-COP, are required for female and male gametophyte development. Reciprocal crosses between wild type plants and plants heterozygous for T-DNA insertions in β’1-COP and β’2-COP showed that β’1β’2-cop gametophytes are not transmitted.
Real and perceived feet orientation under fatiguing and non-fatiguing conditions in an immersive virtual reality environment
Authors: Giardulli Benedetto , Battista Simone , Sansone Lucia Grazia , Manoni Mattia , Francini Luca , Leuzzi Gaia , Job Mirko , Testa Marco
Published: June 2023

Lower limbs position sense is a complex yet poorly understood mechanism, influenced by many factors. Hence, we investigated the position sense of lower limbs through feet orientation with the use of Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR). Participants had to indicate how they perceived the real orientation of their feet by orientating a virtual representation of the feet that was shown in an IVR scenario. We calculated the angle between the two virtual feet (α-VR) after a high-knee step-in-place task. Simultaneously, we recorded the real angle between the two feet (α-R) (T1). Hence, we assessed whether the acute fatigue impacted the position sense. The same procedure was repeated after inducing muscle fatigue (T2) and after 10 min from T2 (T3). Finally, we also recorded the time needed to confirm the perceived position before and after the acute fatigue protocol. Thirty healthy adults (27.5 ± 3.8: 57% women, 43% men) were immersed in an IVR scenario with a representation of two feet. We found a mean difference between α-VR and α-R of 20.89° [95% CI: 14.67°, 27.10°] in T1, 16.76° [9.57°, 23.94°] in T2, and 16.34° [10.00°, 22.68°] in T3. Participants spent 12.59, 17.50 and 17.95 s confirming the perceived position of their feet at T1, T2, T3, respectively. Participants indicated their feet as forwarding parallel though divergent, showing a mismatch in the perceived position of feet. Fatigue seemed not to have an impact on position sense but delayed the time to accomplish this task.
Variability between Hirst-type pollen traps is reduced by resistance-free flow adjustment
Authors: Triviño M. M. , Maya-Manzano J. M. , Tummon F. , Clot B. , Grewling Ł. , Schmidt-Weber C. , Buters J.
Published: June 2023

During an international campaign organized in Munich (Germany) in 2021 to test the performance of automatic pollen traps, we ran four manual Hirst-type pollen traps in parallel. All 4 Hirst-type pollen traps were set and monitored on a weekly basis for the entire campaign to 10 L/min using the same standard hand-held rotameter. Afterwards, a hand-held heat-wire anemometer (easyFlux®) was used additionally to obtain the correct flow without internal resistance. Uncorrected pollen concentrations were 26.5% (hourly data) and 21.0% (daily data) higher than those obtained after correction with the easyFlux®. After mathematical flow correction, the average coefficient of variation between the four Hirst traps was 42.6% and 16.5% (hourly and daily averages, respectively) for birch and 36.8% and 16.8% (hourly and daily averages, respectively) for grasses. When using the correct flow of each pollen trap (i.e. the resistance free anemometer measured flow), for hourly values, the median standard deviation across the traps for the eight pollen types was reduced by 28.2% (p < 0.001) compared to the uncorrected data. For daily values, a significant decrease in the median standard deviation (21.6%) between traps was observed for 7 out of 8 of the pollen types, (p < 0.05 or lower). We therefore recommend continuing to calibrate Hirst-type pollen traps with standard hand-held rotameters to avoid changing the impacting characteristics of the instruments, but simultaneously also measure with resistance-free flow meters to be able to apply flow corrections to the final pollen concentrations reported. This method improved the accuracy of the final results.