bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence for non-selective response inhibition in uncertain contexts revealed by combined meta-analysis and Bayesian analysis of fMRI data
Authors: Masharipov Ruslan , Korotkov Alexander , Medvedev Svyatoslav , Kireev Maxim
Published: June 2022

Response inhibition is typically considered a brain mechanism selectively triggered by particular “inhibitory” stimuli or events. Based on recent research, an alternative non-selective mechanism was proposed by several authors. Presumably, the inhibitory brain activity may be triggered not only by the presentation of “inhibitory” stimuli but also by any imperative stimuli, including Go stimuli, when the context is uncertain. Earlier support for this notion was mainly based on the absence of a significant difference between neural activity evoked by equiprobable Go and NoGo stimuli. Equiprobable Go/NoGo design with a simple response time task limits potential confounds between response inhibition and accompanying cognitive processes while not preventing prepotent automaticity. However, previous neuroimaging studies used classical null hypothesis significance testing, making it impossible to accept the null hypothesis. Therefore, the current research aimed to provide evidence for the practical equivalence of neuronal activity in the Go and NoGo trials using Bayesian analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Thirty-four healthy participants performed a cued Go/NoGo task with an equiprobable presentation of Go and NoGo stimuli. To independently localize brain areas associated with response inhibition in similar experimental conditions, we performed a meta-analysis of fMRI studies using equal-probability Go/NoGo tasks. As a result, we observed overlap between response inhibition areas and areas that demonstrate the practical equivalence of neuronal activity located in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, premotor cortex, and left inferior frontal gyrus. Thus, obtained results favour the existence of non-selective response inhibition, which can act in settings of contextual uncertainty induced by the equal probability of Go and NoGo stimuli.
A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of two low-level laser irradiation protocols on the rate of canine retraction
Authors: Eid Farah Y. , El-Kenany Walid A. , Mowafy Mohamed I. , El-Kalza Ahmed R. , Guindi Myriam A.
Published: June 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the canine retraction rate with two low-level laser therapy (LLLT) irradiation protocols, involving both a high and a low application frequency. Twenty patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. In Group A, one side of the maxillary arch randomly received LLLT on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and every 2 weeks thereafter, whereas in Group B, one side received LLLT every 3 weeks. Tooth movement was checked every three weeks since the onset of canine retraction, over the 12-week study period. Moreover, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels in the gingival crevicular fluid were assessed. Results revealed a significant increase in the canine retraction rate on the laser sides of groups A and B, in comparison with the control sides (p < 0.05), with no significant differences reported between the laser sides in both groups (p = 0.08–0.55). Also, IL-1β levels were significantly higher on the laser sides of both groups, in comparison with the control sides (p < 0.05). Therefore, LLLT can effectively accelerate tooth movement, with both frequent and less frequent applications, which is attributed to an enhanced biological response as reflected by the elevated IL-1β levels on the compression sides.
Integrated analysis reveals the pivotal interactions between immune cells in the melanoma tumor microenvironment
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Hu Shan , Wang Huiqi , Zhao Tingxiu , Song Yue , Zhong Xueying , Luo Qingling , Xu Mansi , He Lina , Chen Qiugu , Du Biaoyan , Xiao Jianyong , Wang Kun
Published: June 2022

Melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer. Despite the breakthroughs in the clinical treatment of melanoma using tumor immunotherapy, many patients do not benefit from these immunotherapies because of multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms. Therefore, there is an urgent need to determine the mechanisms of tumor-immune system interactions and their molecular determinants to improve cancer immunotherapy. In this study, combined analysis of microarray data and single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed the key interactions between immune cells in the melanoma microenvironment. First, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal and malignant tissues were obtained using GEO2R. The DEGs were then subjected to downstream analyses, including enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction analysis, indicating that these genes were associated with the immune response of melanoma. Then, the GEPIA and TIMER databases were used to verify the differential expression and prognostic significance of hub genes, and the relationship between the hub genes and immune infiltration. In addition, we combined single cell analysis from GSE123139 to identify immune cell types, and validated the expression of the hub genes in these immune cells. Finally, cell-to-cell communication analysis of the proteins encoded by the hub genes and their interactions was performed using CellChat. We found that the CCL5-CCR1, SELPLG-SELL, CXCL10-CXCR3, and CXCL9-CXCR3 pathways might play important roles in the communication between the immune cells in tumor microenvironment. This discovery may reveal the communication basis of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and provide a new idea for melanoma immunotherapy.
Structurally distorted perovskite La0.8Sr0.2Mn0.5Co0.5O3-δ by graphene nanoplatelet and their composite for supercapacitors with enhanced stability
Authors: Kim Bo-Min , Kim Hyo-Young , Hong Sung-Wan , Choi Won Ho , Ju Young-Wan , Shin Jeeyoung
Published: June 2022

Supercapacitors are promising energy storage devices with high charging/discharging speeds and power densities. To improve their poor stability, we fabricated electrodes by integrating perovskite materials (La0.8Sr0.2Mn0.5Co0.5O3-δ, LSMCO) possessing redox reaction ability with graphene nanoplatelets exhibiting good electronic properties. One of the resultant composites (L25G70) demonstrated high capacitance and excellent capacitance retention (95% after 5000 cycles). These results are superior to other electrodes (L50G45 and L75G20) containing a larger ratio of LSMCO, even L75G20 did not exhibit supercapacitor behavior after 3000 cycles. GN can induce structural distortion in LSMCO, thereby the high amount of adsorbed oxygen per lattice oxygen can explain the best electrochemical performance of L25G70, while structural collapse rationalized the failure of L75G20. The findings of this study demonstrated that the use of LSMCO can improve the cycling stability of supercapacitors.
Role of gas–molecular cluster–aerosol dynamics in atmospheric new-particle formation
Authors: Olenius Tinja , Roldin Pontus
Published: June 2022

New-particle formation from vapors through molecular cluster formation is a central process affecting atmospheric aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei numbers, and a significant source of uncertainty in assessments of aerosol radiative forcing. While advances in experimental and computational methods provide improved assessments of particle formation rates from different species, the standard approach to implement these data in aerosol models rests on highly simplifying assumptions concerning gas–cluster–aerosol dynamics. To quantify the effects of the simplifications, we develop an open-source tool for explicitly simulating the dynamics of the complete particle size spectrum from vapor molecules and molecular clusters to larger aerosols for multi-compound new-particle formation. We demonstrate that the simplified treatment is a reasonable approximation for particle formation from weakly clustering chemical compounds, but results in overprediction of particle numbers and of the contribution of new-particle formation to cloud condensation nuclei for strongly clustering, low-concentration trace gases. The new explicit approach circumvents these issues, thus enabling robust model–measurement comparisons, improved assessment of the importance of different particle formation agents, and construction of optimal simplifications for large-scale models.
Just Add Data: automated predictive modeling for knowledge discovery and feature selection
Authors: Tsamardinos Ioannis , Charonyktakis Paulos , Papoutsoglou Georgios , Borboudakis Giorgos , Lakiotaki Kleanthi , Zenklusen Jean Claude , Juhl Hartmut , Chatzaki Ekaterini , Lagani Vincenzo
Published: June 2022

Fully automated machine learning (AutoML) for predictive modeling is becoming a reality, giving rise to a whole new field. We present the basic ideas and principles of Just Add Data Bio (JADBio), an AutoML platform applicable to the low-sample, high-dimensional omics data that arise in translational medicine and bioinformatics applications. In addition to predictive and diagnostic models ready for clinical use, JADBio focuses on knowledge discovery by performing feature selection and identifying the corresponding biosignatures, i.e., minimal-size subsets of biomarkers that are jointly predictive of the outcome or phenotype of interest. It also returns a palette of useful information for interpretation, clinical use of the models, and decision making. JADBio is qualitatively and quantitatively compared against Hyper-Parameter Optimization Machine Learning libraries. Results show that in typical omics dataset analysis, JADBio manages to identify signatures comprising of just a handful of features while maintaining competitive predictive performance and accurate out-of-sample performance estimation.
A 16th century Escherichia coli draft genome associated with an opportunistic bile infection
Authors: Long George S. , Klunk Jennifer , Duggan Ana T. , Tapson Madeline , Giuffra Valentina , Gazzè Lavinia , Fornaciari Antonio , Duchene Sebastian , Fornaciari Gino , Clermont Olivier , Denamur Erick , Golding G. Brian , Poinar Hendrik
Published: June 2022

Escherichia coli – one of the most characterized bacteria and a major public health concern – remains invisible across the temporal landscape. Here, we present the meticulous reconstruction of the first ancient E. coli genome from a 16th century gallstone from an Italian mummy with chronic cholecystitis. We isolated ancient DNA and reconstructed the ancient E. coli genome. It consisted of one chromosome of 4446 genes and two putative plasmids with 52 genes. The E. coli strain belonged to the phylogroup A and an exceptionally rare sequence type 4995. The type VI secretion system component genes appears to be horizontally acquired from Klebsiella aerogenes, however we could not identify any pathovar specific genes nor any acquired antibiotic resistances. A sepsis mouse assay showed that a closely related contemporary E. coli strain was avirulent. Our reconstruction of this ancient E. coli helps paint a more complete picture of the burden of opportunistic infections of the past.
Molecular and cellular immune features of aged patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Lo Tartaro Domenico , Neroni Anita , Paolini Annamaria , Borella Rebecca , Mattioli Marco , Fidanza Lucia , Quong Andrew , Petes Carlene , Awong Geneve , Douglas Samuel , Lin Dongxia , Nieto Jordan , Gozzi Licia , Franceschini Erica , Busani Stefano , Nasi Milena , Mattioli Anna Vittoria , Trenti Tommaso , Meschiari Marianna , Guaraldi Giovanni , Girardis Massimo , Mussini Cristina , Gibellini Lara , Cossarizza Andrea , De Biasi Sara
Published: June 2022

Aging is a major risk factor for developing severe COVID-19, but few detailed data are available concerning immunological changes after infection in aged individuals. Here we describe main immune characteristics in 31 patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection who were >70 years old, compared to 33 subjects <60 years of age. Differences in plasma levels of 62 cytokines, landscape of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, T cell repertoire, transcriptome of central memory CD4+ T cells, specific antibodies are reported along with features of lung macrophages. Elderly subjects have higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, more circulating plasmablasts, reduced plasmatic level of anti-S and anti-RBD IgG3 antibodies, lower proportions of central memory CD4+ T cells, more immature monocytes and CD56+ pro-inflammatory monocytes, lower percentages of circulating follicular helper T cells (cTfh), antigen-specific cTfh cells with a less activated transcriptomic profile, lung resident activated macrophages that promote collagen deposition and fibrosis. Our study underlines the importance of inflammation in the response to SARS-CoV-2 and suggests that inflammaging, coupled with the inability to mount a proper anti-viral response, could exacerbate disease severity and the worst clinical outcome in old patients.
Iron commensalism of mesenchymal glioblastoma promotes ferroptosis susceptibility upon dopamine treatment
Authors: Vo Vu T. A. , Kim Sohyun , Hua Tuyen N. M. , Oh Jiwoong , Jeong Yangsik
Published: June 2022

The heterogeneity of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) leads to poor patient prognosis. Here, we aim to investigate the mechanism through which GBM heterogeneity is coordinated to promote tumor progression. We find that proneural (PN)-GBM stem cells (GSCs) secreted dopamine (DA) and transferrin (TF), inducing the proliferation of mesenchymal (MES)-GSCs and enhancing their susceptibility toward ferroptosis. PN-GSC-derived TF stimulates MES-GSC proliferation in an iron-dependent manner. DA acts in an autocrine on PN-GSC growth in a DA receptor D1-dependent manner, while in a paracrine it induces TF receptor 1 expression in MES-GSCs to assist iron uptake and thus enhance ferroptotic vulnerability. Analysis of public datasets reveals worse prognosis of patients with heterogeneous GBM with high iron uptake than those with other GBM subtypes. Collectively, the findings here provide evidence of commensalism symbiosis that causes MES-GSCs to become iron-addicted, which in turn provides a rationale for targeting ferroptosis to treat resistant MES GBM.
Integrative multi-omic analysis identifies genetically influenced DNA methylation biomarkers for breast and prostate cancers
Authors: Sathyanarayanan Anita , Tanha Hamzeh M. , Mehta Divya , Nyholt Dale R.
Published: June 2022

Aberrant DNA methylation has emerged as a hallmark in several cancers and contributes to risk, oncogenesis, progression, and prognosis. In this study, we performed imputation-based and conventional methylome-wide association analyses for breast cancer (BrCa) and prostate cancer (PrCa). The imputation-based approach identified DNA methylation at cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites (CpGs) associated with BrCa and PrCa risk utilising genome-wide association summary statistics (NBrCa = 228,951,NPrCa = 140,254) and prebuilt methylation prediction models, while the conventional approach identified CpG associations utilising TCGA and GEO experimental methylation data (NBrCa = 621,NPrCa = 241). Enrichment analysis of the association results implicated 77 and 81 genetically influenced CpGs for BrCa and PrCa, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of differential gene expression around these CpGs suggests a genome-epigenome-transcriptome mechanistic relationship. Conditional analyses identified multiple independent secondary SNP associations (Pcond < 0.05) around 28 BrCa and 22 PrCa CpGs. Cross-cancer analysis identified eight common CpGs, including a strong therapeutic target inSREBF1(17p11.2)—a key player in lipid metabolism. These findings highlight the utility of integrative analysis of multi-omic cancer data to identify robust biomarkers and understand their regulatory effects on cancer risk.
An investigation of the cognitive and neural correlates of semantic memory search related to creative ability
Authors: Ovando-Tellez Marcela , Benedek Mathias , Kenett Yoed N. , Hills Thomas , Bouanane Sarah , Bernard Matthieu , Belo Joan , Bieth Theophile , Volle Emmanuelle
Published: June 2022

Creative ideas likely result from searching and combining semantic memory knowledge, yet the mechanisms acting on memory to yield creative ideas remain unclear. Here, we identified the neurocognitive correlates of semantic search components related to creative abilities. We designed an associative fluency task based on polysemous words and distinguished two search components related to clustering and switching between the different meanings of the polysemous words. Clustering correlated with divergent thinking, while switching correlated with the ability to combine remote associates. Furthermore, switching correlated with semantic memory structure and executive abilities, and was predicted by connectivity between the default, control, and salience neural networks. In contrast, clustering relied on interactions between control, salience, and attentional neural networks. Our results suggest that switching captures interactions between memory structure and control processes guiding the search whereas clustering may capture attentional controlled processes for persistent search, and that alternations between exploratory search and focused attention support creativity.
1D Majorana Goldstinos and partial supersymmetry breaking in quantum wires
Authors: Marra Pasquale , Inotani Daisuke , Nitta Muneto
Published: June 2022

Realizing Majorana modes in topological superconductors, i.e., the condensed-matter counterpart of Majorana fermions in particle physics, may lead to a major advance in the field of topologically-protected quantum computation. Here, we introduce one-dimensional, counterpropagating, and dispersive Majorana modes as bulk excitations of a periodic chain of partially-overlapping, zero-dimensional Majorana modes in proximitized nanowires via periodically-modulated fields. This system realizes centrally-extended quantum-mechanical supersymmetry with spontaneous partial supersymmetry breaking. The massless Majorana modes are the Nambu-Goldstone fermions (Goldstinos) associated with the spontaneously broken supersymmetry. Their experimental fingerprint is a dip-to-peak transition in the zero-bias conductance, which is generally not expected for Majorana modes overlapping at a finite distance. Moreover, the Majorana modes can slide along the wire by applying a rotating magnetic field, realizing a “Majorana pump”. This may suggest new braiding protocols and implementations of topological qubits.
Site-specific electronic and magnetic excitations of the skyrmion material Cu2OSeO3
Authors: Gu Yanhong , Wang Yilin , Lin Jiaqi , Pelliciari Jonathan , Li Jiemin , Han Myung-Geun , Schmidt Marcus , Kotliar Gabriel , Mazzoli Claudio , Dean Mark P. M. , Bisogni Valentina
Published: June 2022

The manifestation of skyrmions in the Mott-insulator Cu2OSeO3 originates from a delicate balance between magnetic and electronic energy scales. As a result of these intertwined couplings, the two symmetry-inequivalent magnetic ions, Cu-I and Cu-II, bond into a spin S = 1 entangled tetrahedron. However, conceptualizing the unconventional properties of this material and the energy of the competing interactions is a challenging task due to the complexity of this system. Here we combine X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering to uncover the electronic and magnetic excitations of Cu2OSeO3 with site-specificity. We quantify the energies of the 3d crystal-field splitting for both Cu-I and Cu-II, fundamental for optimizing model Hamiltonians. Additionally, we unveil a site-specific magnetic mode, indicating that individual spin character is preserved within the entangled-tetrahedron picture. Our results thus provide experimental constraints for validating theories that describe the interactions of Cu2OSeO3, highlighting the site-selective capabilities of resonant spectroscopies.
A stakeholder group assessment of interactions between child health and the sustainable development goals in Cambodia
Authors: Helldén Daniel , Chea Thy , Sok Serey , Järnberg Linn , Nordenstedt Helena , Tomson Göran , Nilsson Måns , Alfvén Tobias
Published: June 2022

Background

With the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, a systematic assessment of how the goals influence child health and vice versa has been lacking. We aimed to contribute to such an assessment by investigating the interactions between child health and the Sustainable Development Goals in Cambodia.

Methods

Based on the SDG Synergies approach, 272 interactions between 16 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals and child health were evaluated by an interdisciplinary Cambodian stakeholder group. From this a cross-impact matrix was derived and network analysis applied to determine first and second-order effects of the interactions with a focus on child health.

Results

We show that with the exception of Cambodian Sustainable Development Goal 15 (life on land) the interactions are perceived to be synergistic between the child health and the Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals, and progress on Cambodian Sustainable Development Goal 16 (peace, justice and strong institutions) could have the largest potential to contribute to the achievement of the Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals, both when it comes to first and second-order interactions.

Conclusions

In this stakeholder assessment, our findings provide novel insights on how complex relationships play out at the country level and highlight important synergies and trade-offs, vital for accelerating the work toward the betterment of child health and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
Sustainable synthesis of acetals from glycerol as potential additives for biofuels under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Castro Gabriel Abranches Dias , Santos Ana Luíza Quintão , Sathicq Ángel Gabriel , Palermo Valeria , Romanelli Gustavo Pablo , Fernandes Sergio Antonio
Published: June 2022

Acetals formed from glycerol find applications in several areas, their use as fuel additives being the most promising, since it results in total integration in the biodiesel chain and eliminates one of the obstacles to its production.
Synthesis and single crystal X-ray study of phenylselenyl embedded coumarin-based sensors for selective detection of superoxide
Authors: Malankar Gauri S. , Shelar Divyesh S. , Butcher Ray J. , Manjare Sudesh T.
Published: June 2022

Coumarin containing phenylselenyl based probes (4 and 5) for selective and sensitive detection of superoxide. In single crystal X-ray structure of probe 4, phenylselenide group is parallel to the coumarin while in probe 5 it is perpendicular.
De novo design of type II topoisomerase inhibitors as potential antimicrobial agents targeting a novel binding region
Authors: Orritt Kyle M. , Feng Lipeng , Newell Juliette F. , Sutton Jack N. , Grossman Scott , Germe Thomas , Abbott Lauren R. , Jackson Holly L. , Bury Benjamin K. L. , Maxwell Anthony , McPhillie Martin J. , Fishwick Colin W. G.
Published: June 2022

A computational design, make and test strategy was used to identify antibacterial inhibitors of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, proposed to bind at a novel allosteric site.
Correction: Exploring the photoexcited electron transfer dynamics in artificial sunscreen PBSA-coupled biocompatible ZnO quantum dots
Authors: Mubeen Muhammad , Khalid Muhammad Adnan , Shahrum Saba , Mukhtar Maria , Sumreen Poshmal , Tabassum Mamoona , Ul-Hamid Anwar , Nadeem Muhammad Arif , Iqbal Azhar
Published: June 2022

Correction for ‘Exploring the photoexcited electron transfer dynamics in artificial sunscreen PBSA-coupled biocompatible ZnO quantum dots’ by Muhammad Mubeen et al., New J. Chem., 2022, 46, 9526–9533, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NJ01153K.
Cas9-mediated DNA cleavage guided by enzymatically prepared 4′-thio-modified RNA
Authors: Saito-Tarashima Noriko , Ueno Mana , Murai Akiho , Matsuo Ayako , Minakawa Noriaki
Published: June 2022

The 4′-thio sgRNA, which is enzymatically prepared by T7 transcription using 4′-thiopyrimidine nucleoside 5′- triphosphates, induces Cas9-mediated DNA cleavage.
Ab initio investigation of electronic structure and optical properties of IrSn4
Authors: Mai Thi Ly , Tran Vinh Hung
Published: June 2022

The ELF isosurfaces cutting along the 110 planes of β-IrSn4 reveal the high anisotropic distributions of electrons with the itinerant character of Ir-5d and highly localized properties of Sn-5p electrons.
Nanomagnetic macrocyclic Schiff-base–Mn(ii) complex: an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for click approach synthesis of novel β-substitued-1,2,3-triazoles
Authors: Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Riadi Yassine , Majdi Hasan Sh. , Altimari Usama S.
Published: June 2022

A 15-membered macrocyclic Schiff base complex of manganese catalyzed the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions has been developed and yielding a wide variety of 1,2,3-triazoles derivatives in good to excellent yields.
Structural modification of olibergin A, an isoflavonoid, from Dalbergia stipulacea Roxb. and its cytotoxicity
Authors: Arthan Supakorn , Posri Priyapan , Walunchapruk Sookkawath , Senawong Thanaset , Yenjai Chavi
Published: June 2022

Fifteen derivatives were synthesized from olibergin A, a major isoflavonoid isolated from the stems of Dalbergia stipulacea Roxb.
Polyethylenimine assisted non-monotonic jamming of colloids during evaporation induced assembly and its implication on CO2 sorption characteristics
Authors: Mehta Swati , Bahadur Jitendra , Sen Debasis , Singh Saideep , Polshettiwar Vivek
Published: June 2022

Hierarchically organized silica–polyethylenimine (PEI) microspheres, obtained via evaporation induced assembly, are potential candidates for CO2 capture. PEI mediated non-monotonic jamming of silica colloids tunes the porosity and surface area.
Single-step in situ synthesis of MoO2-faceted structures as highly efficient HER electrocatalysts and electrode materials for pseudocapacitors
Authors: Mir Rameez Ahmad , Upadhyay Sanjay , Rather Rayees Ahmad , Thorpe Steven J. , Pandey O. P.
Published: June 2022

The in situ developed intermediate MoO2-layered structures exhibited superior performance towards HER activity. The faceted and stacked MoO2 structures are potential candidates as electrode materials for pseudocapacitors.
Model‐based online efficiency control of induction motor drives based on nonlinear technique
Authors: Mosaddegh Hesar Hamidreza , Ayaz Khoshhava Mojtaba , Abootorabi Zarchi Hossein
Published: June 2022

To accomplish benefits such as high accuracy and fast response, the model‐based loss minimisation algorithms (LMAs) are introduced in the literature, as one of the main available techniques for minimising power losses in electrical motors. They are appropriate for dynamic applications, which necessitate very fast update of the control variable. This study proposes a novel real‐time LMA based on super‐twisting sliding mode controller (SMC) for induction motor (IM) drives, while keeping a good dynamic response. In this regard, a loss minimisation criterion for the efficiency optimisation is proposed and scrutinised. It is shown analytically that LMA will be realised if the nonlinear controller forces this criterion to zero. Moreover, a super‐twisting SMC integrated with the iron loss is proposed which directly regulates both the power loss‐minimising criterion and the electromagnetic torque by choosing those as control outputs. The stability of the super‐twisting SMC is also verified through the Lyapunov's stability principle. The complete closed‐loop control of the proposed LMA‐based IM drive is successfully implemented in real‐time using a digital signal processor board TMS320F28335 for a laboratory 3‐phase IM drive of 2.2 kW. The performance and functionality of the proposed scheme are assessed through experimental results.
A novel deep learning based peer‐to‐peer transaction method for prosumers under two‐stage market environment
Authors: Peng Dajian , Xiao Hao , Pei Wei , Sun Hongjian , Ye Shuang
Published: June 2022

With the development of the electricity market, peer‐to‐peer (P2P) transaction plays an important role in promoting local consumption of renewable energy and arousing the enthusiasm of prosumers. However, due to the diversification of prosumers, the confidentiality of the information and the interaction between prosumers, there are increasing challenges for the traditional model‐based optimisation methods in both P2P modelling and model solution accuracy. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel P2P transaction method based on deep learning under a two‐stage market environment, which uses a data‐driven approach to build a transaction behaviour model based on public information. The neural network model based on Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) is utilised to characterise the behaviour of prosumers in P2P transactions effectively. Based on this model, the energy consumption plans and P2P bids of prosumers are optimised accordingly. Through the simulation test of an example system with six prosumers, the results show that the model established can well represent the P2P transaction behaviour of prosumers, and the proposed method can effectively improve the efficiency of P2P transactions and the economic benefits of prosumers, providing a reference for the decision‐making of P2P transactions.
Investigating the detection rates and inference of gravitational-wave and radio emission from black hole neutron star mergers
Authors: Boersma Oliver M. , van Leeuwen Joeri
Published: June 2022

Context. Black hole neutron star (BHNS) mergers have recently been detected through their gravitational-wave (GW) emission. While no electromagnetic emission has yet been confidently associated with these systems, observing any such emission could provide information on, for example, the neutron star equation of state. Black hole neutron star mergers could produce electromagnetic emission as a short gamma-ray burst (sGRB) and/or an sGRB afterglow upon interaction with the circum-merger medium.

Aims. We make predictions for the expected detection rates with the Square Kilometre Array Phase 1 (SKA1) of sGRB radio afterglows associated with BHNS mergers. We also investigate the benefits of a multi-messenger analysis in inferring the properties of the merging binary.

Methods. We simulated a population of BHNS mergers, making use of recent stellar population synthesis results, and estimated their sGRB afterglow flux to obtain the detection rates with SKA1. We investigate how this rate depends on the GW detector sensitivity, the primary black hole spin, and the neutron star equation of state. We then performed a multi-messenger Bayesian inference study on a fiducial BHNS merger. We simulated its sGRB afterglow and GW emission as input to this study, using recent models for both, and take systematic errors into account.

Results. The expected rates of a combined GW and radio detection with the current-generation GW detectors are likely low. Due to the much increased sensitivity of future GW detectors such as the Einstein Telescope, the chances of an sGRB localisation and radio detection increase substantially. The unknown distribution of the black hole spin has a big influence on the detection rates, however, and it is a large source of uncertainty. Furthermore, when placing our fiducial BHNS merger at 50 and 100 Mpc, we are able to infer both the binary source parameters and the parameters of the sGRB afterglow simultaneously if we combine the GW and radio data. The radio data provide useful extra information on the binary parameters, such as the mass ratio, but this is limited by the systematic errors involved. For our fiducial binary at 200 Mpc, it is considerably more difficult to adequately infer the parameters of the system.

Conclusions. The probability of finding an sGRB afterglow of a BHNS merger is low in the near future but will rise significantly when the next-generation GW detectors come online. Combining information from GW data with radio data is crucial for characterising the jet properties. A better understanding of the systematics will further increase the amount of information on the binary parameters that can be extracted from this radio data.
Small-scale dynamo in cool stars
Authors: Bhatia Tanayveer S. , Cameron Robert H. , Solanki Sami K. , Peter Hardi , Przybylski Damien , Witzke Veronika , Shapiro Alexander
Published: June 2022

Context. Some of the small-scale solar magnetic flux can be attributed to a small-scale dynamo (SSD) operating in the near-surface convection. The SSD fields have consequences for solar granular convection, basal flux, and chromospheric heating. A similar SSD mechanism is expected to be active in the near-surface convection of other cool main-sequence stars, but this has not been investigated thus far.

Aims. We aim to investigate changes in stratification and convection due to inclusion of SSD fields for F3V, G2V, K0V, and M0V spectral types in the near-surface convection.

Methods. We studied 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models of the four stellar boxes, covering the subsurface convection zone up to the lower photosphere in a small Cartesian box, based on the MURaM radiative-MHD simulation code. We compared the SSD runs against reference hydrodynamic runs.

Results. The SSD is found to efficiently produce magnetic field with energies ranging between 5% to 80% of the plasma kinetic energy at different depths. This ratio tends to be larger for larger Teff. The relative change in density and gas pressure stratification for the deeper convective layers due to SSD magnetic fields is negligible, except for the F-star. For the F-star, there is a substantial reduction in convective velocities due to Lorentz force feedback from magnetic fields, which, in turn, reduces the turbulent pressure.

Conclusions. The SSD in near-surface convection for cool main-sequence stars introduces small but significant changes in thermodynamic stratification (especially for the F-star) due to a reduction in the convective velocities.
Finite element analysis modeling of plates versus intramedullary nails in closed comminuted midshaft tibial fractures
Authors: El-Desouky Mahmoud Ahmed , Saleh Ayman Ali , Amr Sherif Mamdouh , Barakat Ahmed Samir
Published: June 2022

Background: Tibial shaft fractures are usually treated by interlocking nails or plates. The ideal implant choice depends on many variables. Aim: To assess the mechanical behavior of interlocking nails and plates in the treatment of closed comminuted midshaft fractures of the tibia using finite element analysis. Material and methods: This is a prospective study of 50 patients with a mean age of 28.4 years with closed comminuted fractures of the midshaft of the tibia. Data evaluation was done by Finite element analysis (FEA). Fixation was revised in two cases. Results: After load application, there were significant differences in both bending (P = 0.041) and strain percent (P = 0.017), reflecting that interlocking nails were superior to plates. There were also significant differences between titanium and stainless-steel materials in bending (p = 0.041) and strain percent (p = 0.017) after applying load, indicating that titanium was superior to stainless steel. Conclusion: Interlocking nails are superior to plates in treating midshaft tibial fractures. The use of blocking screws may be needed in interlocking nails depending on the pattern and extension of the fracture.
An Amplitude-Integrated EEG Evaluation of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Lust Christopher , Vesoulis Zachary , Zempel John , Gu Hongjie , Lee Stephanie , Rao Rakesh , Mathur Amit M.
Published: June 2022

Objective Infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) have disrupted neurobehavior that requires hospitalization and treatment. This article aimed to evaluate electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities using amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) in NOWS.

Study Design Eighteen term born infants with NOWS were recruited prospectively for an observational pilot study. aEEG monitoring was started within 24 hours of recruitment and twice weekly through discharge. aEEG data were analyzed for background and seizures. Severity of withdrawal was monitored using the modified Finnegan scoring (MFS) system.

Results Fifteen neonates had complete datasets. Thirteen (87%) had continuous aEEG background in all recordings. None had sleep–wake cyclicity (SWC) at initial recording. Brief seizures were noted in 9 of 15 (60%) infants. Lack of SWC was associated with higher MFS scores. At discharge, 8 of 15 (53%) had absent or emerging SWC.

Conclusion aEEG abnormalities (absent SWC) are frequent and persist despite treatment at the time of discharge in the majority of patients with NOWS. Brief electrographic seizures are common. Neonates with persistent aEEG abnormalities at discharge warrant close follow-up.

Key Points
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Drug Development Pipeline: An Update
Authors: Chew Nicholas W. S. , Ng Cheng Han , Truong Emily , Noureddin Mazen , Kowdley Kris V.
Published: June 2022

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a burgeoning global health crisis that mirrors the obesity pandemic. This global health crisis has stimulated active research to develop novel NASH pharmacotherapies targeting dysregulated inflammatory, cellular stress, and fibrogenetic processes that include (1) metabolic pathways to improve insulin sensitivity, de novo lipogenesis, and mitochondrial utilization of fatty acids; (2) cellular injury or inflammatory targets that reduce inflammatory cell recruitment and signaling; (3) liver–gut axis targets that influence bile acid enterohepatic circulation and signaling; and (4) antifibrotic targets. In this review, we summarize several of the therapeutic agents that have been studied in phase 2 and 3 randomized trials. In addition to reviewing novel therapeutic drugs targeting nuclear receptor pathways, liver chemokine receptors, liver lipid metabolism, lipotoxicity or cell death, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors, we also discuss the rationale behind the use of combination therapy and the lessons learned from unsuccessful or negative clinical trials.
Modeling lattice metamaterials with deformable joints as an elastic micropolar continuum
Authors: Hou Mengjie , Liu Jinxing , Soh Ai Kah
Published: June 2022

Planar lattice metamaterials, such as periodic beam networks, are often considered as the micropolar continuum, where each material point has two translational degrees of freedom and one rotational degree of freedom. The joints through which bars are linked to one another are generally approximated as rigid. This study focuses on lattices with complex-structured deformable joints. The deformation field in each joint is obtained by conducting structural analyses. Once the “stiffness matrix” of the joint-centered unit cell is obtained by the finite element method, it can be used as the input for the standard procedure of calculating micropolar elastic moduli that are based on the equivalence of strain energy. As a result, effective moduli can be expressed in a semi-analytical form, meaning that only the cell structural stiffness is given numerically. The present model is validated by comparison to the FEM simulations. Particularly, the auxetic and anisotropic properties are discussed for various lattice metamaterials with deformable joints. We then take the obtained effective moduli as inputs to the in-house micropolar FEM code and obtain results agreeing well with the FEM structural simulations.
Propagation of nonlinear waves in multi-component pair plasmas and electron–positron–ion plasmas
Authors: Rajib T. I.
Published: June 2022

The propagation of small amplitude stationary profile nonlinear solitary waves in a pair plasma is investigated by employing the reductive perturbation technique via the well-known Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and modified KdV (mKdV) equations. This study tends to derive the exact form of nonlinear solutions and study their characteristics. Two distinct pair-ion species of opposite polarity and the same mass are considered in addition to a massive charged background species that is assumed to be stationary, and given the frequency scale of interest within the pair-ion context, the third species is thought of as a background defect (e.g., charged dust) component. On the opposite hand, the model conjointly applies formally to electron–positron–ion plasmas if one neglects electron–positron annihilation. A parametric analysis is carried out, with regard to the impact of the dusty plasma composition (background number density), species temperature(s), and background species. It is seen that distinguishable solitary profiles are observed for KdV and mKdV equations. The results are connected in pair-ion (fullerene) experiments and potentially in astrophysical environments of Halley’s comet and pulsar magnetosphere as well.
Weak negative responses of spider diversity to short-term ‘kraaling’
Authors: Sebata Sicelo , Haddad Charles R. , FitzPatrick Moira J. , Foord Stefan H.
Published: June 2022

The influence of short-duration, concentrated kraaling (enclosure) has been documented for plants, wildlife, and macro-invertebrates. However, limited information is available on its impact on ground-dwelling spiders. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of short-duration kraaling, time since cattle removal, and microhabitat variables on spider assemblages in Matabeleland North Province, Zimbabwe. We used a matched-pair and space for time design (inside vs outside previously kraaled inclusions) across 11 sites, using four cattle herds (H1, H6, H7 and HNguni). Spiders were sampled in the early and late rainy season with pitfall traps left open for 14-day sampling periods and emptied twice in each period. We captured 634 spiders, comprising 63 species in 44 genera and 18 families. The most abundant family was Lycosidae (37%; 16 spp.), followed by Gnaphosidae (15%; 10 spp.) and Salticidae (14.5%; 7 spp.). Generalised linear mixed models showed that generic richness was greater in sites with more bare ground. However, this effect was reversed in previously kraaled sites, and was particularly evident for spider abundance that responded negatively relative to unkraaled sites. Furthermore, with a U-shaped recovery, generic richness increased with time since kraaling. Model-based multivariate models showed that short-duration kraaling had a significant impact on spider assemblage structure, but this impact was relatively small compared with the effect of seasonality. Most of the species that made significant contributions to this multivariate response were less abundant in kraaled sites. Spider diversity, therefore, had a weak negative response to short-term kraaling. However, these impacts should also be assessed at broader scales, including areas where cattle go to graze during the day.
A syntax–lexicon trade-off in language production
Authors: Rezaii Neguine , Mahowald Kyle , Ryskin Rachel , Dickerson Bradford , Gibson Edward
Published: June 2022

Spoken language production involves selecting and assembling words and syntactic structures to convey one’s message. Here we probe this process by analyzing natural language productions of individuals with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and healthy individuals. Based on prior neuropsychological observations, we hypothesize that patients who have difficulty producing complex syntax might choose semantically richer words to make their meaning clear, whereas patients with lexicosemantic deficits may choose more complex syntax. To evaluate this hypothesis, we first introduce a frequency-based method for characterizing the syntactic complexity of naturally produced utterances. We then show that lexical and syntactic complexity, as measured by their frequencies, are negatively correlated in a large (n= 79) PPA population. We then show that this syntax–lexicon trade-off is also present in the utterances of healthy speakers (n= 99) taking part in a picture description task, suggesting that it may be a general property of the process by which humans turn thoughts into speech.
Dipole-like and quadrupole-like reflection modes for Ag nanocube arrays on dielectric substrates
Authors: Li Penggang , Cai Yuefei , Li Cheng , Li JinChai , Huang Kai , Kang Junyong , Zhang Rong
Published: June 2022

Localized surface plasmons (LSPs) have a wide range of applications in enhancing the performance of optoelectronic devices. For those applications, LSPs are often located on the surfaces or interfaces between dielectric mediums. Hence, it is necessary to investigate interaction between LSPs and interface. In this paper, we investigate the far-field and near-field LSP behaviors of silver nanocube arrays on a dielectric substrate. Finite-difference time-domain simulation results demonstrate that, when light is incident normally from the vacuum, a much deeper dip between the two peaks corresponding to bonding and anti-bonding modes of the LSPs generated in the metal nanocubes on dielectric mediums, comparing to the case that incident light is from the substrate. The charge distribution diagram shows that these behaviors can be described as a dipole-like mode and a quadrupole-like mode. A model based on the Fano interferences using modified Fresnel equations is employed to explain the physical mechanism of these behaviors. It reveals that this phenomenon is caused by the phase difference between the superimposed dipolar modes generated on the upper and lower interfaces of nanocube. A simplified mathematical model has been built to illustrate that symmetric dips can arise from the Fano interference between two discrete states and one continuum state.
Electron spin modulation engineering in oxygen-involved electrocatalysis
Authors: Yu Yue , Xue Dongping , Xia Huicong , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhao Shuyan , Wei Yifan , Du Yu , Zhou Ying , Yan Wenfu , Zhang Jianan
Published: June 2022

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reduction (OER) are regarded as the key reactions via the sustainable system (fuel cell and water splitting), respectively. In OER, the transition from singlet oxygen species to triplet oxygen molecules is involved, meanwhile the ORR involves the transition from triplet oxygen molecules to singlet oxygen species. However, in these processes, the number of unpaired electrons is not conserved, which is not thermodynamically favorable and creates an additional energy barrier. Fortunately, regulating the electrocatalysis by spin-state modulation enables a unique effect on the catalytic performance, but the current understanding on spin-state engineering for electro-catalyzing ORR and OER is still insufficient. Herein, this review summarized the in-spin engineering for the state-of-the-art ORR and OER electrocatalysts. It began by introducing engineering of spin-state to eg filling for ORR and OER process, and then moved to spin polarization and spin-pinning effect for OER process. Various designed strategies focusing on how to regulate the spin-state of the active center have been summarized up. The connectivity of the structures of typical ORR (e.g. metal–nitrogen–carbon) and OER (e.g. design strategies oxides, metal organic frameworks) catalysts depending on the spin level is also discussed. Finally, we present the outlook from the aspects of template catalysts, characterization methods, regulation strategies, theoretical calculations, which will further expand the possibility of better electrocatalytic performance through spin-state modulation. This review concluded some open suggestions and prospects, which are worthy of the community’s future work.