bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Textile as Artificial Nature - From Synthetic Sea Grass to Fibrous Implants
Authors: Persson Nils Krister
Published: October 2016

We develop the hypothesis that textile and nature have much in common and that in a time of biomimetics textile is a unique class of material that provides a bridge between artefacts, by definition synthetic, and biofacts - material entities found in and produced by nature, i.e. non-synthetic. Furthermore we formulate the (seemingly) contradictorily concept of Artificial Nature. Biomimetics sometimes emphasize the inspirational aspects so that science and technology get input from biology for new technological development for new artefacts. Artificial Nature instead emphasizes the other way around; adding sound, ecology based, technology to nature and in nature for enhancing ecosystem functions.Some characteristics of natural biofact materials and structures include pliability, softness, porosity, light weight, recyclability, and periodicity. Textiles are soft, foldable, of low weight, inherent porous, anisotropic as well as periodic, easily compatible with biodegradability and recyclability. Thus there are many similarities. These are discussed together with a number of cases where textiles are mimicking biofacts. We first look at synthetic see grass (Zostera marina) for remediation of one of the most important biotopes in the world where we show that textile processing techniques are able to make production efficient. Then we look at artificial leaves, i.e. photon collecting flexible patches and indicate the textile realization of such. One of the most valuable ecosystem services is the provision of clean water and maintaining a low degree of pollution in water is of outmost importance. Textile based water purification systems has been constructed and merged with fungus (Zygomycetes) we show the potential for enhancing wet land capability.
Exploring Process Technologies to Fabricate Fibrous Scaffolds and Bio-Textiles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Guarino Vincenzo , Ambrosio Luigi
Published: October 2016

In order to mimic natural tissues, a successful strategy is to design bio-inspired materials including controlled morphological and biochemical cues as nature guidelines suggested. In this context, old and new process technologies, case by case, have to be adapted to develop innovative templates with the finest control of structural/functional properties able to correctly interact with biological tissues. Since organic and inorganic materials from synthetic or natural source do not singularly satisfy all the requirements, the discovery of new process solutions able to combine two or more materials into multicomponent systems (i.e., blends, composites, hybrids) may represent an interesting alternative for scaffold design. In order to simplify process conditions, without limiting the complexity of final device, current trends mainly address to bottom up approaches based on fibres used as micro-tassels, variously combined as a function of the desired properties – biochemical, mechanical or biological ones, to form the final device.Here, two different approaches based on the use of polymeric fibres have been proposed. Continuous microfibres processed by capillary extrusion can be integrated as reinforcement agent of porous biodegradable matrices to develop composite scaffolds with multiscale degradation properties suitable for hard tissue regeneration. Alternatively, micro-or submicro-fibres made of synthetic and/or natural polymers can be randomly assembled or patterned to form uniaxially oriented or textured platforms, thanks to the high customization of electrofluidodynamic techniques (i.e., electrospinning). Both approaches offer a large variety of micro and nanostructured platforms - with micro/nanoscale architecture and peculiar chemical composition - suitable as scaffolds or biotextiles for tissue regeneration or other biomedical uses.
Airbrushed Liquid Crystal/Polymer Fibers for Responsive Textiles
Authors: West John L. , Wang Jun Ren , Jákli Antal
Published: October 2016

We report formation of complex responsive fibers consisting of a low molecular weight liquid crystal (LC) core surrounded by a polymer sheath using simple airbrush or jet spraying techniques. The fibers are formed using a solution of LC and polymer dissolved in a common solvent. With proper control of the solution composition and formation conditions the fibers self‐assemble. The diameter of the resulting fibers can be adjusted over a range spanning from one to tens of microns. The core of the fiber retains all of the responsive properties associated with low molecular weight LCs. A nematic LC core's director aligns along the long axis of the fiber making them highly birefringent. An electric field applied across the fiber changes both the director alignment and the optical properties of the fiber. Alternatively, thermochromic fibers are formed using a cholesteric LC in the core. Unlike similar electrospun fibers, the airbrushed fibers can be sprayed as continuous mats on virtually any surface or woven into textiles. The resulting fabrics can be made into displays, thermochromic temperature sensors, or for detection of chemical or biological agents. They offer numerous opportunities for wearable textiles that respond optically to a variety of stimuli.
Shape-Memory Nanocomposite Elastomers Filled with Carbon Nanomaterials
Authors: Lama Giuseppe Cesare , Gentile Gennaro , Cerruti Pierfrancesco , Lavorgna Marino , Ambrogi Veronica , Carfagna Cosimo
Published: October 2016

In this contribution, the preparation and characterization of new shape-memory epoxy based nanocomposites filled with modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes are reported. The study has been focused on the optimization of the preparation methodology and on the evaluation of the effect of different contents of surface modified carbon nanotubes on the properties and the microstructure of the obtained materials. In particular, dispersion test, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and bright field transmission electron microscopy have been carried out to analyze the modified filler. Moreover, the obtained nanocomposites have been characterized by morphological analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermomechanical analysis and X-ray analysis in order to clarify the effect of the nanofiller on the structure and shape memory properties of the materials.
SPARTACUS: Enabling Space Technologies in Security Research
Authors: Fuggini Clemente , Tesfai Ivan
Published: October 2016

GALILEO together with EGNOS will provide more robust positioning capability enhancing the adoption of satellite technologies in services where signal continuity and integrity are required, such as those related to Public Regulated Service (PRS) and Safety of Life (SOL) applications. This will have an impact on various sectors and applications, including emergency and disaster management, Search and Rescue Service (SAR) tasks and location-based services (LBS) supporting responders in mission critical operations. In this scenario, in November 2013, the SPARTACUS project started to design, realize and test in simulated and real world scenarios GALILEO-ready tracking solutions that can be deployed in operative missions for enhancing Location Awareness in emergency management and crisis operations. SPARTACUS developed new EU-specific services to ensure precise positioning and timing capabilities to three application areas: 1) tracking, tracing and localization of critical transport assets in case of major failure of existing networks; 2) tracking the flow of relief support goods from the sending side to the receiving/end place; 3) supporting coordination of first responders in disaster management operations, ensuring their safety. By its Consortium, SPARTACUS innovations include hardware adaptations, algorithms for precision improvement, dead reckoning functionalities, location awareness, and ad-hoc independent communication networks.
A Satellite and Inertial Navigation Solution in Crises Management Operation for First Responder Application
Authors: Ghetti Antonio , Vittuari Luca , Zanzi Matteo
Published: October 2016

This work describes the activities and the results achieved within the SPARTACUS project with regards to the development of a pedestrian positioning system for first responders based on inertial sensors and GNSS data integration. In particular, three steps have been dealt with. At first the analysis of a typical human motion profile, highlighting the Zero Velocity Update constraints; secondly, the definition of a high accurate reference trajectory for test validation purposes, with both indoor and outdoor tracks. Finally, the tuning of Extended Kalman Filter parameters for the calibration of the best sensor data fusion algorithm mainly focused to dead reckoning positioning and field test result assessment.
A Satellite and Inertial Navigation Solution in Crises Management Operation for Transport and Relief Goods Application
Authors: Casciati Fabio , Casciati Sara , Faravelli Lucia , Vece Michele
Published: October 2016

The EU funded SPARTACUS project pursues the implementation of a small size, low-power consumption, tracking-unit integrating satellite receiver and antenna with terrestrial inertial sensors, enabling a dead reckoning functionality. In case of a good GNSS signal coverage, precise positioning and timing capabilities of the system are double-checked, while the positioning accuracy for dead reckoning has to be validated. In this paper, the results of field tests simulations are presented in order to validate the positioning performance in the absence of the GNSS signal. Two goals are pursued to secure tracking and functionalities customized for: (i) critical transport assets, and (ii) flow of relief support goods from the sending side to the receiving place.
Estimating Cable Forces in a Large Cable-Stayed Bridge
Authors: Casciati Sara , Elia Lorenzo
Published: October 2016

The presence of complex boundary conditions makes the estimation of cable forces in cable-stayed bridges quite difficult when using conventional model-based force identification methodologies. A large dataset of recorded acceleration signals is available for the Ting Kau Bridge (TKB) in Hong Kong. The dataset is used together with a numerical model of the bridge to reconstruct the tension forces in the main cables. A part of the data is used to calibrate the model. The remaining data are used for validation. The created numerical model permits an investigation of the tensions distribution in the stay-cables during a typhoon, based on the observed increase of some of the bridge frequencies during this extreme event.
Controllable Truss-Frame Nodes in Semi-Active Damping of Vibrations
Authors: Poplawski Blazej , Graczykowski Cezary , Jankowski Łukasz
Published: October 2016

In recent years, vibration damping strategies based on semi-active management of strain energy have attracted a large interest and were proven highly effective. However, most of published research considers simple one degree of freedom systems or study the same basic example (the first vibration mode of a cantilever beam) with the same control strategy. This contribution focuses on truss-frame nodes with controllable moment-bearing ability. It proposes and tests an approach that allows the control strategy to be extended to more complex structures and vibration patterns.
Sol-Gel Synthesis of Bioglasses: A Growth Kinetics Study by Dynamic Light Scattering
Authors: Borges Roger , Marchi Juliana
Published: October 2016

In this work, the nucleation of bioglasses particles was approached through Dynamic Light Scattering in order to analyze how different synthesis parameters influence on the particle growth. It was evaluated the following parameters: pH between 10 and 11; surfactant concentration (PEG) between 0 to 20g/L; Three different compositions were chosen based on the 47SiO2-(38 – x)Na2O-(9 + x)CaO-6P2O5 system ( x = 0, 10 and 20). For each experimental condition, the growth kinetics (Kc.t-1) was calculated, and the obtained values were analyzed by factorial design of experiments. The results evidence that higher pH, higher surfactant concentration and lower Na/Ca ionic ratio lead to lower values growth kinetics in which, in turn, are associated with lower particle size.
Bioinspired and Multifunctional Phospholipid Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Ishihara Kazuhiko , Chen Wei Xin , Inoue Yuuki
Published: October 2016

Photoreactive and cytocompatible polymer nanoparticles for immobilizing and photoinduced releasing proteins were prepared. A water-soluble and amphiphilic phospholipid polymer, poly (2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-co-n-butyl methacrylate (BMA)-co-4-(4-(1-methacryloyloxyethyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy) butyric acid (PL)) (PMB-PL) was synthesized. The PMB-PL underwent a cleavage reaction at the PL unit by photoirradiation at a wavelength of 365 nm. Additionally, the PMB-PL took polymer aggregate in aqueous medium and was used to modify the surface of biodegradable poly (L-lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticle as an emulsifier. The morphology of the PMB-PL/PLA nanoparticle was spherical and approximately 130 nm in diameter. The carboxylic acid group in the PL unit could be used for immobilization of proteins by covalent bonding. The bound proteins were released by a photoinduced cleavage reaction. Within 60 sec, up to 90% of the immobilized proteins were released by photoirradiation and activity of the protein released in the medium was maintained as well as that the original proteins before immobilization. Octa-arginine (R8) could promote internalization of the protein/PLA/PMB-PL nanoparticles into cells when the R8 was co-immobilized on the nanoparticles. After that, photoirradiation induced protein release from the nanoparticles and proteins distributed more evenly inside cells. From these results, we concluded that PMB-PL/PLA nanoparticles have the potential to be used as smart carriers to deliver proteins to biological systems, such as the inside of living cells.
Influence of Concentration of Pseudoboehmite Nanofiller on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties in Polystyrene Compounds
Authors: de Miranda Leila Figueiredo , Munhoz Jr. Antônio Hortêncio , Masson Terezinha Jocelen , Rossi Maura Vincenza
Published: October 2016

Polymeric nanocomposites are hybrid materials, where fillers with nanometric dimensions are dispersed in a polymeric matrix. The fillers have a high surface area, promoting better dispersion in the polymeric matrix and therefore an improvement in physical properties of the composite depending on the homogeneity of the material. In the present work, nanocomposites of polystyrene with different concentrations of pseudoboehmite obtained by a sol-gel process, and treated with octadecylamine were prepared. The nanocomposites were characterized by thermal and mechanical tests. The addition of pseudoboehmite caused a reduction of the melting flow during the production of the composites evidencing the interaction of pseudoboehmite with the polymeric matrix. The addition of pseudoboehmite promoted an increase in the melt flow index, in the the hardness of the nanocomposites obtained, practically does not affect the tensile strength and modulus and the impact strength decreases. The presence of pseudoboehmite causes increase in heat deflection temperature and Vicat softening point and the thermal decomposition occurred at a higher temperature than the pure PS.
The Magnetic States of Co- and Cr-Doped Ni-Mn-(In, Sn) Heusler Alloys
Authors: Buchelnikov Vasiliy D. , Sokolovskiy Vladimir V. , Zagrebin Mikhail A. , Entel Peter
Published: October 2016

In this paper we report on the equilibrium magnetic and structural reference states of complex Cr doped Ni-Co-Mn-(In, Sn) Heusler alloys, which are studied from first-principles within the density functional theory. The off-stoichiometric compositions were treated by using the supercell approach. Three different ferrimagnetic and one ferromagnetic spin configurations were considered. The results of energy relaxation calculations have been averaged over different atomic distributions. It is found that Ni14Co2Mn11Cr1(In, Sn)4 the ferromagnetic (a ferrimagnetic) spin configuration in austenite (martensite) is energetically stable, respectively.
Efficient Linear Approach for the Closed-Loop Control of a Ionic Polymer Bending Actuator
Authors: Tondu Bertrand , Simaite Aiva , Hari Shankar Lal Das Ganesh Kumar , Soueres Philippe , Bergaud Christian
Published: October 2016

Tri-layer electroactive bending polymeric artificial muscles generally exhibit no overshoot during open-loop step response with a non-zero initial slope when the output is the vertical position of the bending sample tip. We propose to identify such a bending step contraction by a nonlinear system derived from a linear first order system in the form: where the parameters k, T and r depend on the u-control voltage. We show the relevance of this approach for identifying the step-response of a PEDOT:PSS/PVDF/ionic liquid actuator developed at the laboratory. As a consequence, we try to show that a linear PI-controller, including voltage constraints, is a simple and an efficient approach for a closed-loop control of the bending actuator.
Electromagnetic Properties in Multilayer Graphene within the Ritus Formalism: Transverse Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Murguía-Romero Gabriela , Sánchez Angel , Zavaleta-Madrid Ricardo
Published: October 2016

Within the framework of the Quantum Field Theory, we discuss how to study electromagnetic properties of a multilayer graphene sample in the presence of electric and magnetic fields, both perpendicular to the graphene planes. We deal with the multilayer system by taking into account the quantum mechanical supersymmetric property of the monolayer Hamiltonian. We solve the Dirac equation for the graphene charge carriers by using the Ritus formalism. This formalism consists in the diagonalization of the operator with and the Dirac gamma matrices which contain information about the pseudo-spin. We calculate the charge carrier propagator for the monolayer case, and we obtain the photon polarization operator, the leading quantum correction to the classical Lagrangian density that encodes the electromagnetic properties of the system through the constitutive equations. With the quantum supersymmetrical properties of both, the monolayer and the multilayer graphene Hamiltonians, it is possible to extend our results to obtain the charge carrier propagator for the multilayer case.
Technology and Main Properties of PMN-PT-Ferrite Multiferroic Ceramic Composite Materials
Authors: Skulski Ryszard , Bochenek Dariusz , Niemiec Przemysław , Brzezinska Dagmara , Chrobak Artur
Published: October 2016

In the presented work composite ferroelectric/ferrimagnetic ceramics have been obtained and described. The investigated material is based on PMN-PT powders and Ni-Zn ferrite powder. The Powders of ferroelectric component (i.e. (1–x)PMN-(x)PT with x from 0.25 to 0.40 with step 0.03 were synthesized using the sol-gel method. The magnetic component i.e. nickel-zinc ferrite was obtained from oxides using the classic method of obtaining ceramics. The compositions of PMN–PT used by us have rhombohedral or tetragonal symmetries, or belong to morphotropic region. The final ceramic composite samples were obtained using the classic method of ceramic technology with calcination route and final pressureless densification using free sintering. In this paper, XRD, EDS dielectric and magnetic properties have been investigated and described for the obtained composite ceramic samples.
Surface Plasmon Effects on Photoluminescence of YAG:Ce3+-Yb3+
Authors: Hussain Talib , Tang Liang , Ye Hui Qi , Xiao Dong
Published: October 2016

Phosphor materials have fascinating applications in the field of photovoltaic and biosensors but low quantum yield is a major hurdle in their applications. In this paper, the influence of surface plasmon on the photoluminescence is investigated with surface modified YAG:Ce3+-Yb3+ coupled with spherical gold nanoparticles. The YAG:Ce3+-Yb3+ photoluminescence band ratio Yb/Ce rise from 0.25 to 0.32 with the plasmon effects. For the photoluminescence, the decay time of Ce reduces from 31.9 ns to 29.9 ns while for Yb from 54.2 ms to 52.0 ms respectively. Further, the plasmon absorption peak is also observed in the spectra of YAG:Ce3+-Yb3+/Au nanoparticles system. The results indicate that the field inside the phosphors has been modulated with surface plasmon of gold nanoparticles.
Cd-Free Quantum Dot Dispersion in Polymer and their Film Molds
Authors: Su Yu Yang , Liang Kai Ling , Leu Chyi Ming
Published: October 2016

Indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) with luminescence tunable over the entire visible spectrum were prepared by the conventional hot injection method. InP QDs are considered alternatives to Cadmium containing QDs for application in light-emitting devices because of showing similar optical properties to those containing toxic heavy metals. The multishell coating was shown to improve the photoluminescence quantum yield (QY) of InP QDs more strongly than the conventional ZnS shell coating. QY values were more than 60% along with FWHM of 41-73 nm can be routinely achieved, making the optical performance of InP/ZnS/ZnS or InP/ZnS/SiO2 QDs comparable to that of InP/ZnS QDs. These QDs and the polymer dissolved in the appropriate solvent and deposited by casting to give homogeneous films and showed a good level of dispersion of the QDs within the polymer.
Photoluminescent Color-Center Based Lithium Fluoride Radiation Detectors for Proton Beam Diagnostics
Authors: Piccinini Massimo , Ampollini Alessandro , Picardi Luigi , Ronsivalle Concetta , Vadrucci Monia , Bonfigli Francesca , Libera Stefano , Nichelatti Enrico , Vincenti Maria Aurora , Montereali Rosa Maria
Published: October 2016

Lithium fluoride (LiF) is a well-known dosimeter material and is sensitive to any kind of ionizing radiation. A linear accelerator for protontherapy under development at ENEA C.R. Frascati was used to irradiate LiF crystals and thin films at room temperature with proton beams of 3 and 7 MeV energy in a dose range from 103 to 107 Gy. The irradiation of LiF induced the formation of stable F2 and F3+ color centers (CCs), which emit with broad photoluminescence (PL) bands under optical pumping at wavelengths close to 450 nm. By acquiring the PL image of the irradiated spots with a conventional fluorescence microscope, the transversal proton beam intensity was mapped with a high spatial resolution. The integrated PL intensity was also measured as a function of the irradiation dose: LiF films showed a linear PL response extending over three orders of magnitude of dose range, independently on the beam energy. It was also possible to measure the CCs PL distribution with proton penetration depth and direct imaging the Bragg peak, which gives an estimation of the proton beam energy. The sensitivity of the optical reading techniques and the high emission efficiency of CCs provided encouraging results to use photoluminescent color-center LiF-based radiation detectors for proton beam dosimetry and imaging applications.
Sensing Properties of Diode-Type Gas Sensors
Authors: Shimizu Yasuhiro , Hyodo Takeo
Published: October 2016

Several approaches to improve H2 sensing properties of TiO2-based diode-types sensors have been investigated. Those include the adoption of a Pd-Pt alloy electrode instead of using a pure Pd electrode, formation of a polymer coating atop the Pd-Pt alloy electrode and an Au coating on the Pd-Pt alloy electrode. The advantages of the using of the Pd-Pt alloy electrode, the polymer or Au coatings are demonstrated.
Integrating MTJ Devices into a 130nm CMOS Process Flow
Authors: Buchbinder Miryam , Eli Ora , Rozental Sagie , Bouhnik Yami , Greenberg Shimon , Mani Krish , Cohen Yifat , Mackay Ken , Pereira Jeremy , Herault Jeremy Alvarez
Published: October 2016

A Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) device was successfully embedded into TowerJazz’s 130nm CMOS platform. The fabricated devices are stand-alone 4Mbit and 1Mbit MRAM memories and Multi-MLU magnetic sensors. This paper will describe the process development challenges in adapting a standard 130nm Cu BEOL to incorporate the magnetic cell element, and the device sensitivities to processing.The main process challenges to be discussed are 1) formation of shallow damascene Cu contacts to the lower electrode; 2) patterning of the 150nm magnetic cell both lithography and etching of the magnetic stack; 3) planarization of the topography from the magnetic cell; 4) formation of dual damascene VIA’s to both the magnetic cell upper electrode and to the CMOS. Some electrical yield results of the stand-alone MRAM memory and magnetic sensors will be presented. This project was a collaborative effort between TowerJazz and Crocus Technology
Bismuth Vanadate-Based Photoelectrodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: Synthesis and Characterisation
Authors: Yaw Chong Siang , Chong Meng Nan , Soh Ai Kah
Published: October 2016

The main aim of this study was to electrochemically synthesize and characterise bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The influence of annealing temperature on the nanostructured semiconductor BiVO4 thin film structure was studied systematically. This was followed by advanced characterisation of the BiVO4 photoelectrodes by using field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence and PEC properties measurements. When the electrochemically synthesized BiVO4 thin films were subjected to different annealing temperatures, phase transitions occurred for tetragonal BiVO4 at 300 °C and monoclinic BiVO4 at 400 °C. Through this study, it was found that the annealing treatment at 400 °C resulted in the highest photocurrent density (i.e. photoactivity) of 1.23 mA/cm2 at 0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Finally, the BiVO4/CuO heterojunction photoelectrode was also fabricated in order to further enhance its photoactivity under visible light irradiation.
Toward Sub-20 nm Magnetic Tunnel Junction for Embedded Cache Memory
Authors: Sugii Toshihiro , Noshiro Hideyuki , Yamazaki Yuichi , Yoshida Chikako , Iba Yoshihisa
Published: October 2016

In this paper, shrink process for small MTJs is investigated from the point of scalability. In the shrink process, various nitrogen or oxygen plasma treatments are done after the MTJ (CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB) etching. During this plasma treatment, the sidewall surface of the MTJ is modified, which results in the small electrical MTJ size of around 20 nm.Proposed techniques are scalable and promising for sub-20 nm MTJ generation in high density cache MRAM application.
Development of Self-Assembled Biomimetic Boc-Protected Peptide-Polymer Based Nanovehicles for Targeted Delivery to Tumor Cells
Authors: Brown Alexandra M. , Miranda-Alarćon Yoliem S. , Knoll Grant A. , Romanelli Steven M. , Banerjee Ipsita A.
Published: October 2016

Although effective, chemotherapeutic drugs often cause undesired side-effects. Thus, encapsulating chemotherapeutic drugs into nanoscale drug delivery vehicles (DDVs) has the potential to reduce side effects and promote targeted delivery. By mimicking ABA like block-co-polymer systems, we have developed a new amphiphilic biomimetic co-polymer Boc-Ile-PEG-Ile-Boc which was found to readily self-assemble into nanomicelles within hydrophilic shell structures. To facilitate targeting tumor cells, the nanoassemblies were bound to folate, leading to the formation of core shell like structures (IBP-F). Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), were then embedded followed by functionalization with a second layer of folate. The final DDV system abbreviated (IBP-F-Au-F) formed a multi-layered nanostructure that was capable of efficiently encapsulating the anti-tumor drug tamoxifen. For comparison, we also examined the efficacy of the IBP-F assemblies as DDVs in the absence of AuNPs and a second folate layer. Release profiles showed an initial burst release, followed by sustained release. The DDVs were found to be biocompatible. Upon encapsulating the DDVs with tamoxifen, cell proliferation was inhibited over a period of 72 hours for both DDVs, while non-cancerous dermal fibroblasts continued to proliferate, thus indicating specific targeting ability of the DDVs. Confocal microscopy studies conducted in the presence of human breast cancer cells, MDA-MDB 231 revealed that the drug loaded assemblies were successfully internalized within the cells. SPR analysis demonstrate that IBP-F-Au-F had a higher affinity for breast cancer cells over non-cancerous keratinocyte cells. Thus, we have developed a new family of DDVs that selectively targets tumor cells.
The Effects of Electromagnetic Fields with a Frequency of 2450 MHz on E. coli Bacteria
Authors: Coskun Ozlem , Sofu Aytul , Kahriman Mesud , Comlekci Selcuk
Published: October 2016

This study analyzes the effects of the devices that work at the frequency of 2450 MHz and that release electromagnetic waves on the growth of bacteria. E. Coli bacterial cells are used in this experiment. The bacterial cult is divided into two groups under sterilized conditions. For both groups, the temperature is held constant at 37 Co while the heating effect of the devices working at the frequency of 2450 MHz is minimized. Then, the bacterial cells in the experimental group are exposed to the electromagnetic waves released by the devices working at the frequency of 2450 MHz while the control group is incubated for 8 hours without any exposure to electromagnetic waves. At each hour, samples from the E. Coli bacteria that are exposed to electromagnetic waves and from the control group. After measuring the optical density of the samples, it is found that the electromagnetic waves released by the devices working at the frequency of 2450 MHz have negative effects on the growth of bacteria. So, the effects of the electromagnetic waves released by the devices working at the frequency of 2450 MHz on the growth of the bacteria might be thermal or stress-related. However, there is a need for further physiologic and morphologic studies on this issue. The studies on this issue should be conducted for the public health.
Practical recommendations for strengthening national and regional laboratory networks in Africa in the Global Health Security era
Authors: Best Michele , Sakande Jean
Published: October 2016

The role of national health laboratories in support of public health response has expanded beyond laboratory testing to include a number of other core functions such as emergency response, training and outreach, communications, laboratory-based surveillance and data management. These functions can only be accomplished by an efficient and resilient national laboratory network that includes public health, reference, clinical and other laboratories. It is a primary responsibility of the national health laboratory in the Ministry of Health to develop and maintain the national laboratory network in the country. In this article, we present practical recommendations based on 17 years of network development experience for the development of effective national laboratory networks. These recommendations and examples of current laboratory networks, are provided to facilitate laboratory network development in other states. The development of resilient, integrated laboratory networks will enhance each state’s public health system and is critical to the development of a robust national laboratory response network to meet global health security threats.
Intertekstualiteit en oorinterpretasie: Verwysings na Genesis 28:12 in Johannes 1:51?
Authors: Van der Watt Jan
Published: October 2016

Intertextuality and over-interpretation: References to Genesis 28:12 in John 1:51? The aim of this article is to illustrate the dangers of over-interpretation when dealing with intertextual relations between texts, especially when allusion is assumed. Interpretations of the allusion to Genesis 28:12 in John 1:51 of the angels ascending and descending on Jacob are used as illustration of the measure of over-interpretation that is prevalent in current academic discussions, especially related to John. A close reading of John 1:51 is first made in order to establish the confines of the text. A brief survey of different interpretations of John 1:51 in light of Genesis 28:12 follows to illustrate how themes like the ladder, Jacob or Bethel that are not mentioned in 1:51, are introduced in expositions of the text. Such interpretations are shown to be problematic and indeed over-interpretations of what John 1:51 wants to communicate. Some practical methodological suggestions are then made.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography-based Evaluation of the Anterior Teeth Position Changes obtained by Passive Self-ligating Brackets
Authors: Conti Ana CCF , Rhoden Fernando K , Maltagliati Liliana Á , Almeida-Pedrin Renata R , Filho Leopoldino C , de Almeida Cardoso Maurício
Published: October 2016

Aim

The objective of this study was to evaluate the anterior teeth position changes obtained by passive self-ligating brackets using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and methods

Twenty patients with a mean age of 16.5 years, class I malocclusion, constricted maxillary arch, and teeth crowding above 5 mm were enrolled in this study, and treated by passive orthodontic self-ligating brackets. A sequence of stainless steel thermoset wire was implemented with ending wire of 0.019” × 0.025”. The CBCT and dental casts were obtained prior to the installation of orthodontic appliances (T1), and 30 days after rectangular steel wire 0.019” × 0.025” installation (T2). The measurements in CBCT were performed with the Anatomage software, and the dental casts were evaluated with a digital caliper rule with an accuracy of 0.01 mm.

Results

The CBCT data demonstrated mean buccal inclination of the upper and lower central incisors ranging from 6.55° to 7.24° respectively. The upper and lower lateral incisors ranged from 4.90° to 8.72° respectively. The lower canines showed an average increase of 3.88° in the buccal inclination and 1.96 mm in the transverse intercuspal distance. The upper canines showed a negative inclination with mean average of −0.36°, and an average increase of 0.82 mm in the transverse distance, with negative correlation with the initial crowding.

Conclusion

Treatment with passive self-ligating brackets without obtaining spaces increases buccal inclination of the upper and lower incisors with no correlation with the amount of initial teeth crowding. The intercanine distance tends to a small increase showing different inclinations between the arches.

Clinical significance

When taking into account the selfligating brackets, the amount of initial dental crowding is not a limitation factor that could increase the buccal inclination of the anterior teeth.

How to cite this article

Rhoden FK, Maltagliati LÁ, de Castro Ferreira Conti AC, Almeida-Pedrin RR, Filho LC, de Almeida Cardoso M. Cone Beam Computed Tomography-based Evaluation of the Anterior Teeth Position Changes obtained by Passive Selfligating Brackets. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):623-629.
Nano-hydroxyapatite could Compensate the Adverse Effect of Soft Carbonated Drinks on Enamel
Authors: Rezvani Mohammad B , Rouhollahi Mohammad R , Andalib Fahimeh , Hamze Faeze
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Since one of the most important disadvantages of soft drinks includes their adverse effect on mineral content of enamel because of their low pH, this study examined the microhardness of enamel before and after exposure to a soft drink containing different concentrations of nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) as an additive.

Materials and methods

Sixty caries free human premolars were mounted in epoxy resin. After polishing, the baseline microhardness was recorded three times for each specimen using a Vickers indenter at 50 gm load. Subsequently, the samples were divided into six groups, which were treated for 5 minutes at 9°C by a cola-based drink contacting 0, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 wt.% of nano-HA while the control group was immersed in artificial saliva. Ultimately, the final microhardness was assessed three times again for each specimen.

Results

Paired t-test showed that in groups containing 0 and 0.5 wt.% of nano-HA, the microhardness was significantly reduced after treatment protocol (p = 0.00 and 0.01 respectively). Whereas in the other groups the microhardness was not significantly changed after treatment (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Pure cola-based drink has a pronounced adverse effect on enamel microhardness, while admixing it with nano-HA could act as a protective factor.

Clinical significance

Although soft beverages are hazardous to tooth structure, some additives could compensate their adverse effect.

How to cite this article

Rezvani MB, Rouhollahi MR, Andalib F, Hamze F. Nano-hydroxyapatite could Compensate the Adverse Effect of Soft Carbonated Drinks on Enamel. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):635-638.
Work-related Musculoskeletal Pain among Different Dental Specialists in United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al-Rawi Natheer H , Khatib Hiba El , Rajoub Lin , El-Sayed Mariem , Naji Rawand , Youssef Reem , Kawas Sausan Al
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Dentists are at a very high risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal pain. The present study aimed at studying the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among different dental specialists in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and correlating the region of pain with the type of clinical work done by the specialists.

Materials and methods

A sample of more than 100 dentists was chosen randomly from different emirates in UAE. An interview questionnaire was administered regarding the number of years of experience and the presence, region, duration, and type of musculoskeletal pain they experienced.

Results

Musculoskeletal pain is experienced by 83.3% of periodontists, 80% of conservative dentists, 77.8% of endodontists, 72.7% of orthodontists, 70% of oral surgeons, 63.6% of prosthodontists, 63% of general dental practitioners, and 50% of pedodontists. The results have also indicated that the region of experienced musculoskeletal pain does vary according to the specialty. From those dentists who experience work-related musculoskeletal pain, 80% of conservative dentists experience pain in neck and shoulders, 66.7% of periodontists, and 54.5% of orthodontists experience pain in the lower back region. More than 50% of endodontists experience pain in the neck and shoulders regions, and 39% of general dental practitioners who experience pain in the neck region.

Conclusion

Preventive measures need to be taken to decrease the risk of dentists and dental specialists developing workrelated musculoskeletal pain.

Clinical significance

The prevalence and distribution of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among registered general dental practitioners and dental specialists in UAE was not clearly documented. The study results indicated that the region that experienced musculoskeletal pain does vary according to the specialty.

How to cite this article

Al-Rawi NH, El Khatib H, Rajoub L, El-Sayed M, Naji R, Youssef R, Al Kawas S. Work-related Musculoskeletal Pain among Different Dental Specialists in United Arab Emirates. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8): 639-644.
Reflection of the value in practical plans of secondary school youth from country areas of Greater Poland – a pilot study of research approach
Authors: Jeran Agnieszka , Basińska Anita
Published: October 2016

Background

The research on values constitutes an essential part of social research. These studies usually use an approach associated with the lists of values and their evaluations on scales, ranging or comparative. This approach is problematic, particularly in the situation of youth who are often characterized by low reflectiveness. One of the ways to achieve the value is to conduct research on practical plans.

Participants and procedure

The study involved 218 pupils from three lower secondary schools from the Greater Poland region. We used the card description of practical plans (“Timeline”), in which pupils described their intentions within perspectives ranging 5, 10, 15 and 20 years. The study was carried out during lessons, conducted by teachers. However, rather than the cognitive goal, the more essential aim was to estimate the usefulness of research tool.

Results

The presented data serves only to illustrate the possibilities of the tested research tool. The obtained descriptions identified a low crystallization of practical plans. In the context of values it is necessary to refer to the dominance of a materialistic and pragmatic approach, a family remains essential as a value, but self-fulfillment does not.

Conclusions

The study was primarily conducted to check whether the analysis of practical plans will be useful approach to examine values important for youth. In the study, issues of standardizing the research situation proved to be relevant – hence there was a demand to use the lesson script. The results show that this approach to research on values leads to valuable results.
Quality of the relationship and menopausal symptoms of menopausal women
Authors: Jarecka Karolina , Bielawska-Batorowicz Eleonora
Published: October 2016

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and intensity of menopausal symptoms, taking into account the length of one’s relationship, its nature and one’s assessment of it.

Participants and procedure

The study included 200 women between the ages of 45 and 68, with secondary or higher education, married or in cohabiting relationships. Women were divided into three groups depending on the experience related to menopause: premenopause (46 respondents), perimenopause (75 respondents), and postmenopause (79 respondents). The study used a survey of self-design, the “Women’s Health” Questionnaire (WHQ) by M. Hunter, and the “Partner Relations Questionnaire” (PFB) by K. Hahlweg.

Results

Most menopausal symptoms – including those of the greatest severity – are experienced by women in perimenopausal and postmenopausal phases, but one’s own relationship’s assessment is the lowest in postmenopausal women. In this group of women, relevant and significant relations between the dimensions of the quality of the relationship and the menopausal symptoms are the most numerous. The most essential assessment was the one relating to intimacy – its poor evaluation is accompanied by higher intensity of experienced depression symptoms, somatic symptoms, and disorders of memory and concentration, sex and sleep, and also the sum of menopausal symptoms is higher. In all three groups, no significant differences in the severity of menopausal symptoms were observed between women in marital and cohabiting relationships. In women in the perimenopausal phase, the shorter the length of the relationship (its seniority), the greater is the severity of sexual dysfunction symptoms, whereas in women in the postmenopausal stage, along with the length of the relationship, the severity of psychological and somatic symptoms increases.

Conclusions

One should find that the perimenopausal and postmenopausal phases are particularly difficult for women, meaning that the intensity of menopausal symptoms is the greatest during them. The assessment of one’s relationship’s quality is relevant for the menopausal symptoms experienced. Women who perceive their relationship as more intimate report less severe menopausal symptoms. The type of relationship does not differentiate women with regards to their experience associated with menopause. Both shorter and longer seniority of the relationship may constitute a risk factor triggering an increase of the severity of menopausal symptoms.
Religious coping and God locus of health control: their relationships to health quality of life among people living with HIV in Malaysia
Authors: Siah Poh Chua , Tan Jiunn Han
Published: October 2016

Background
 The aim of the report was to explore the relationships between God health locus of control, religious coping, and health quality of life among people living with HIV (PLWH).

 Participants and procedure
 Purposive sampling was used to recruit 117 PLWH who have a religion, and the survey method was used to collect data.

 Results
 The results showed that God health locus of control was significantly positively correlated with negative religious coping, and negative religious coping was significantly negatively correlated with health quality of life. In addition, negative religious coping is the mediator of the indirect effect of God health locus of control on the quality of life.

 Conclusions
 More training to reduce the use of negative religious coping among PLWH who have a religion in Malaysia will be helpful to improve their overall function quality of life (QoL).
Non-stomatal exchange in ammonia dry deposition models: comparison of two
state-of-the-art approaches
Authors: Schrader Frederik , Brümmer Christian , Flechard Chris R. , Wichink Kruit Roy J. , van Zanten Margreet C. , Zöll Undine , Hensen Arjan , Erisman Jan Willem
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The accurate representation of bidirectional ammonia (NH3) biosphere–atmosphere exchange is an important part of modern air quality models. However, the cuticular (or external leaf surface) pathway, as well as other non-stomatal ecosystem surfaces, still pose a major challenge to translating our knowledge into models. Dynamic mechanistic models including complex leaf surface chemistry have been able to accurately reproduce measured bidirectional fluxes in the past, but their computational expense and challenging implementation into existing air quality models call for steady-state simplifications. Here we qualitatively compare two semi-empirical state-of-the-art parameterizations of a unidirectional non-stomatal resistance (Rw) model after Massad et al. (2010), and a quasi-bidirectional non-stomatal compensation-point (χw) model after Wichink Kruit et al. (2010), with NH3 flux measurements from five European sites. In addition, we tested the feasibility of using backward-looking moving averages of air NH3 concentrations as a proxy for prior NH3 uptake and as a driver of an alternative parameterization of non-stomatal emission potentials (Γw) for bidirectional non-stomatal exchange models. Results indicate that the Rw-only model has a tendency to underestimate fluxes, while the χw model mainly overestimates fluxes, although systematic underestimations can occur under certain conditions, depending on temperature and ambient NH3 concentrations at the site. The proposed Γw parameterization revealed a clear functional relationship between backward-looking moving averages of air NH3 concentrations and non-stomatal emission potentials, but further reduction of uncertainty is needed for it to be useful across different sites. As an interim solution for improving flux predictions, we recommend reducing the minimum allowed Rw and the temperature response parameter in the unidirectional model and revisiting the temperature-dependent Γw parameterization of the bidirectional model.