bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcription Factor TCF7L2 Genetic Study in the French Population
Authors: Cauchi Stéphane , Meyre David , Dina Christian , Choquet Hélène , Samson Chantal , Gallina Sophie , Balkau Beverley , Charpentier Guillaume , Pattou François , Stetsyuk Volodymyr , Scharfmann Raphaël , Staels Bart , Frühbeck Gema , Froguel Philippe
Published: September 2006

Recently, the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene has been associated with type 2 diabetes in subjects of European origin in the DeCode study. We genotyped the two most associated variants (rs7903146 and rs12255372) in 2,367 French type 2 diabetic subjects and in 2,499 control subjects. Both the T-allele of rs7903146 and the T-allele of rs12255372 significantly increase type 2 diabetes risk with an allelic odds ratio (OR) of 1.69 (95% CI 1.55–1.83) (P = 6.0 × 10−35) and 1.60 (1.47–1.74) (P = 7.6 × 10−28), respectively. In nonobese type 2 diabetic subjects (BMI <30 kg/m2, n = 1,346), the ORs increased to 1.89 (1.72–2.09) (P = 2.1 × 10−38) and 1.79 (1.62–1.97) (P = 5.7 × 10−31), respectively. The rs7903146 T at-risk allele associates with decreased BMI and earlier age at diagnosis in the type 2 diabetic subjects (P = 8.0 × 10−3 and P = 3.8 × 10−4, respectively), which is supported by quantitative family-based association tests. TCF7L2 is expressed in most human tissues, including mature pancreatic β-cells, with the exception of the skeletal muscle. In the subcutaneous and omental fat from obese type 2 diabetic subjects, TCF7L2 expression significantly decreased compared with obese normoglycemic individuals. During rat fetal β-cell differentiation, TCF7L2 expression pattern mimics the key marker NGN3 (neurogenin 3), suggesting a role in islet development. These data provide evidence that TCF7L2 is a major determinant of type 2 diabetes risk in European populations and suggests that this transcription factor plays a key role in glucose homeostasis.
Impaired Adipose Tissue Development in Mice With Inactivation of Placental Growth Factor Function
Authors: Lijnen H. Roger , Christiaens Valerie , Scroyen Ilse , Voros Gabor , Tjwa Marc , Carmeliet Peter , Collen Désiré
Published: September 2006

Placental growth factor (PlGF)-deficient (PlGF−/−) and wild-type mice were kept on a standard-fat or high-fat diet for 15 weeks. With the standard-fat diet, the body weights of PlGF−/− and wild-type mice were comparable, whereas the combined weight of subcutaneous and gonadal adipose tissues was lower in PlGF−/− mice (P = 0.02). With the high-fat diet, PlGF−/− mice had a lower body weight (P < 0.05) and less total subcutaneous plus gonadal adipose tissue (P < 0.0001). Blood vessel size was lower in gonadal adipose tissue of PlGF−/− mice with both the standard-fat and high-fat diet (P < 0.05). Blood vessel density, normalized to adipocyte number, was significantly lower in subcutaneous adipose tissue of PlGF−/− mice fed the high-fat diet (P < 0.01). De novo adipose tissue development in nude mice injected with 3T3-F442A preadipocytes was reduced (P < 0.005) by administration of a PlGF-neutralizing antibody. Bone marrow transplantation from wild-type or PlGF−/− mice to wild-type or PlGF−/− recipient mice revealed significantly lower blood vessel density in PlGF−/− recipient mice without an effect on adipose tissue growth. Thus, in murine models of diet-induced obesity, inactivation of PlGF impairs adipose tissue development, at least in part as a result of reduced angiogenesis.
The Effect of Pioglitazone on the Liver
Authors: Gastaldelli Amalia , Miyazaki Yoshinori , Mahankali Archana , Berria Rachele , Pettiti Maura , Buzzigoli Emma , Ferrannini Eleuterio , DeFronzo Ralph A.
Published: September 2006

OBJECTIVE—Diabetic hyperglycemia results from insulin resistance of peripheral tissues and glucose overproduction due to increased gluconeogenesis (GNG). Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) improve peripheral insulin sensitivity, but the effect on the liver is less clear. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of TZDs on GNG.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Twenty sulfonylurea-treated type 2 diabetic subjects were randomly assigned (double-blind study) to receive pioglitazone (PIO group; 45 mg/day) or placebo (Plc group) for 4 months to assess endogenous glucose production (EGP) (3-3H-glucose infusion), GNG (D2O technique), and insulin sensitivity by two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (240 and 960 pmol/min per m2).

RESULTS—Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (10.0 ± 0.8 to 7.7 ± 0.7 mmol/l) and HbA1c (9.0 ± 0.4 to 7.3 ± 0.6%) decreased in the PIO and increased in Plc group (P < 0.05 PIO vs. Plc). Insulin sensitivity increased ∼40% during high insulin clamp after pioglitazone (P < 0.01) and remained unchanged in the Plc group (P < 0.05 PIO vs. Plc). EGP did not change, while GNG decreased in the PIO group (9.6 ± 0.7 to 8.7 ± 0.6 μmol · min−1 · kgffm−1) and increased in the Plc group (8.0 ± 0.5 to 9.6 ± 0.8) (P < 0.05 PIO vs. Plc). Change in FPG correlated with change in GNG flux (r = 0.63, P < 0.003) and in insulin sensitivity (r = 0.59, P < 0.01). Plasma adiponectin increased after pioglitazone (P < 0.001) and correlated with ΔFPG (r = −0.54, P < 0.03), ΔGNG flux (r = −0.47, P < 0.05), and Δinsulin sensitivity (r = 0.65, P < 0.005). Plasma free fatty acids decreased after pioglitazone and correlated with ΔGNG flux (r = 0.54, P < 0.02). From stepwise regression analysis, the strongest determinant of change in FPG was change in GNG flux.

CONCLUSIONS—Pioglitazone improves FPG, primarily by reducing GNG flux in type 2 diabetic subjects.
The Sensitivity and Specificity of Nonmydriatic Digital Stereoscopic Retinal Imaging in Detecting Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Ahmed Jehanara , Ward Thomas P. , Bursell Sven-Eric , Aiello Lloyd M. , Cavallerano Jerry D. , Vigersky Robert A.
Published: September 2006

OBJECTIVE—The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of Joslin Vision Network nonmydriatic digital stereoscopic retinal imaging (NMDSRI) as a screening tool in detecting diabetic retinopathy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We reviewed the records of 244 patients with diabetes who had a dilated funduscopic examination (DFE) and NMDSRI done within 1 year of each other at four locations in the metropolitan Washington, DC, area. The images were transmitted through a local area network to a central reading location where they were graded by a single retinal specialist.

RESULTS—Images of 482 eyes from 243 patients were included in the study. Four images did not transmit, and 35% of the images were not gradable. Of the remaining 311 eyes, there was 86% agreement in the grading between NMDSRI and DFE: 227 eyes with no diabetic retinopathy and 40 eyes with diabetic retinopathy. In 46 eyes (15%) there was a disagreement between gradings made by the two techniques. NMDSRI detected diabetic retinopathy in 35 eyes reported as normal by DFE, and in the remaining 11 eyes, the DFE grade was one grade higher than the NMDSRI grade. Adjudicated nonconcordant examinations were within one grade. In the 76 eyes with diabetic retinopathy, retinal thickness could not be assessed in 17 (21%) eyes. When the NMDSRI result was gradable, the overall sensitivity of NMDSRI was 98% and the specificity was 100% for retinopathy within one grade of the DFE. In the limited number of eyes that had diabetic retinopathy with macular edema (six), agreement with the clinical examination was 100%.

CONCLUSIONS—NMDSRI is a sensitive and specific method for the screening and diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy, which may help improve compliance with the standards of eye care for patients with diabetes.
Effect of Weight Loss and Nutritional Intervention on Arterial Stiffness in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Barinas-Mitchell Emma , Kuller Lewis H. , Sutton-Tyrrell Kim , Hegazi Refaat , Harper Patricia , Mancino Juliet , Kelley David E.
Published: September 2006

OBJECTIVE—There is increased stiffness of the large central arteries in type 2 diabetic patients, and obesity is a risk factor. However, the effect of intentional weight loss on arterial stiffness is uncertain, and the purpose of the current study was to assess this effect.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Arterial stiffness was assessed by measuring aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) at baseline and at completion of a 1-year weight loss intervention. Metabolic control of type 2 diabetes was also appraised.

RESULTS— Mean weight loss at 1 year in 38 volunteers with type 2 diabetes was 7.8%. There were improvements in HbA1c, LDL cholesterol, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein). There was also a significant improvement in aPWV at completion of weight loss intervention, from 740 to 690 cm/s (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS— Moderate weight loss improves arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes.
Comparison of betaine and l-stachydrine as phase-transfer catalysts in Michael addition and Darzens reaction
Authors: Veverková E. , Droppová R. , Toma Š.
Published: September 2006

Betaine and l-stachydrine have been tested as phase-transfer catalysts in Michael and Darzens reactions. The catalytic effect of l-stachydrine was found comparable to that of betaine in Michael addition and even higher when considering Darzens reaction. The desired products have been obtained in higher yields in solid-liquid system than under liquid-liquid bi-phase conditions. The influence of microwave irradiation and ultrasound on the reaction rate has been studied.
Synthesis and cyclization reactions with pyrazolopyrimidinyl keto esters part I. Reactivity of pyrazolopyrimidinyl β-keto ester and pyrazolopyrimidinyl α,β-unsaturated ketones
Authors: Awas M.
Published: September 2006

5-Acetyl-4,5-dihydro-1-phenylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one was prepared and subjected to various chemical transformations to give novel 5-heterocyclic pyrazolopyrimidinone derivatives of expected important biological activity. Then, the latter compounds were used to obtain β-keto ester and α,β-unsaturated carbonylpyrazolopyrimidinones which were used as alternate precursors to produce new pyrazolopyrimidinones substituted with five-membered heterocycles such as pyrazole and isoxazole. The structure of these compounds was identified on the basis of their chemical behaviour as well as elemental and spectral analysis.
Experimental Analysis of Multiphase Flow in Metallic foam: Flow Laws, Heat Transfer and Convective Boiling
Authors: Topin F. , Bonnet J.‐P. , Madani B. , Tadrist L.
Published: September 2006

The first part of this work deals with flow laws of gas, liquid and mixtures in metallic foam. This experimental work is based on the stationary pressure profile measurement in a channel filled with metallic foam of several grades or materials for several controlled flow rates. Several foam samples with different characteristics (10, 40, 60, 100 ppi) of copper and of nickel are studied. In single‐phase conditions, we evaluate the permeability and inertial the coefficient according to the Forchheimer model. In the gas flow case, compressibility effects are taken into account. Emphasis is given on the relative contributions of inertial and viscous effects. The specific behavior linked to compressibility effect is thoroughly studied. The adiabatic (air‐water) conditions are analyzed; the results are reported in term of biphasic multipliers according to a simple homogeneous model, to study the impact of foam texture and gas quality on flow laws. Several aspects of the two‐phase flow case (i.e. liquid‐vapor) are discussed: phase repartition, pressure drops, characteristic boiling curve …. In single phase conditions, the heat transfer coefficient was improved by two orders of magnitude with the presence of metallic foam with only a limited increase in pressure drop. In biphasic conditions, the study of convective boiling regime also showed significant heat transfer enhancement with very low‐pressure drops. A simple one dimensional homogeneous model was used and allows a good description of global flow behavior across the test section.
Cover Picture: Templated Fabrication of Nanowire and Nanoring Arrays Based on Interference Lithography and Electrochemical Deposition (Adv. Mater. 19/2006)
Authors: Ji R. , Lee W. , Scholz R. , Gösele U. , Nielsch K.
Published: September 2006

On p. 2593, Ji and co‐workers report on a novel fabrication technique for ideally ordered lateral nanowire and nanoring arrays based on interference lithography and electrochemical deposition. This approach allows the fabrication of metallic and semiconductor nanowire or nanoring arrays over wafer‐scale areas and provides flexible control over shape, arrangement, and thickness of the nanowires and nanorings. The cover shows templated electrodeposited elliptical nanoring arrays and a cross‐section of electrodeposited nanowires.
STR‐PEM fuel cell as a reactor building block
Authors: Chia Ee‐Sunn J. , Benziger Jay B. , Kevrekidis Ioannis G.
Published: September 2006

The dynamics of the stirred tank reactor polymer electrolyte membrane (STR‐PEM) fuel cell arise from the balance between water production and water removal within the cell. This results in STR‐PEM fuel cell steady‐state multiplicity, remarkably analogous to that of an autocatalytic exothermic STR. Model flooding effects in the cathodeside catalyst/gas diffusion layer by accounting for relevant mass‐transport processes is presented. We use the resulting STR‐PEM fuel cell model as a building block to construct approximations of more conventional integral (plug flow) type fuel‐cell reactors. This approach bypasses more complicated, distributed gas diffusion layer models. Connecting several STR‐PEM fuel cells in series, the effects of four operating parameters (temperature, external load resistance, inlet hydrogen and inlet oxygen flow rates) on the current evolution in each tank can be monitored and rationalized. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Modeling of fluidized bed reactors with two reaction zones
Authors: Gascón Jorge , Téllez Carlos , Herguido Javier , Jakobsen Hugo A. , Menéndez Miguel
Published: September 2006

In the present work, a mathematical model is presented for simulating fluidized bed reactors with two zones. Two reactions have been chosen as being representative of the two main uses of this kind of catalytic reactors: propane dehydrogenation and n‐butane partial oxidation. The experimental data obtained in a bench scale plant have been simulated using the same fluid‐dynamic model for both reactions, based generally on the description of the three‐phase model and kinetic models previously developed. By applying those models, most of the trends experimentally checked can be well forecast, gaining a better understanding of the behavior of reactors and reactions. On the other hand, some parameters that could not be determined experimentally, such as the velocity of solid circulation or the oxidation state of the VPO catalyst, turned out to be among the most important reactor‐related variables. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Design of chromatographic multicomponent separation by a pseudo‐simulated moving bed
Authors: Borges da Silva Eduardo A. , Rodrigues Alírio E.
Published: September 2006

The continuous chromatographic separation of multicomponent mixtures using a pseudo‐simulated moving bed illustrated by Japan Organo (JO) technology has been studied. The behavior and performance of a system operating with this technology have been described by an algorithm that simulates its operating cycle: chromatographic fixed‐bed process in step 1 and simulated moving bed process in step 2. To design a four‐section JO system some concepts were presented and two strategies were developed to set the operating conditions of the system in the case of mixtures with linear adsorption isotherms for each species. The influence of operating parameters in separating the mixtures was addressed and improvements in both productivity and eluent consumption have been achieved. The four‐section JO system has been applied to a set of ternary mixtures with different degrees of separation difficulty to analyze its performance. A novel extension of the JO system with five sections has been designed for quaternary separations and high‐purity species can be collected for a case of “moderately difficult” linear separation. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Improved cardiac function in infarcted mice after treatment with pluripotent embryonic stem cells
Authors: Nelson Timothy J. , Ge Zhi‐Dong , Van Orman Jordan , Barron Matthew , Rudy‐Reil Diane , Hacker Timothy A. , Misra Ravi , Duncan Stephen A. , Auchampach John A. , Lough John W.
Published: September 2006

Because pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are able to differentiate into any tissue, they are attractive agents for tissue regeneration. Although improvement of cardiac function has been observed after transplantation of pluripotent ESCs, the extent to which these effects reflect ESC‐mediated remuscularization, revascularization, or paracrine mechanisms is unknown. Moreover, because ESCs may generate teratomas, the ability to predict the outcome of cellular differentiation, especially when transplanting pluripotent ESCs, is essential; conversely, a requirement to use predifferentiated ESCs would limit their application to highly characterized subsets that are available in limited numbers. In the experiments reported here, we transplanted low numbers of two murine ESC lines, respectively engineered to express a β‐galactosidase gene from either a constitutive (elongation factor) or a cardiac‐specific (α‐myosin heavy chain) promoter, into infarcted mouse myocardium. Although ESC‐derived tumors formed within the pericardial space in 21% of injected hearts, lacZ histochemistry revealed that engraftment of ESC was restricted to the ischemic myocardium. Echocardiographic monitoring of ESC‐injected hearts that did not form tumors revealed functional improvements by 4 weeks postinfarction, including significant increases in ejection fraction, circumferential fiber shortening velocity, and peak mitral blood flow velocity. These experiments indicate that the infarcted myocardial environment can support engraftment and cardiomyogenic differentiation of pluripotent ESCs, concomitant with partial functional recovery. Anat Rec Part A, 288A:1216–1224, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On undesirable consequences of thinking: framing effects as a function of substantive processing
Authors: Igou Eric R. , Bless Herbert
Published: September 2006

Three studies investigate the impact of effortful constructive processing on framing effects. The results replicated previous findings: Participants avoided the risky option when the scenario was framed in terms of gains, but preferred this option when the scenario was framed in terms of losses. Importantly, framing effects were most pronounced when conditions allowed for an effortful constructive processing style (i.e., substantive processing). This impact of decision frames varied when decision time served as an indicator for the elaboration extent (Study 1), and also when processing motivation (accountability; Study 2) and processing ability (decision time; Study 3) were manipulated. Moreover, effortful processing did not increase framing effects when contextual cues reduced the necessity for constructive thinking (Study 1). We suggest that decision frames may take on very different roles as a function of the ambiguity of the decision problem, and the degree and style of processing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
No apoptosis is induced in rat cortical neurons exposed to GSM phone fields
Authors: Joubert Vanessa , Leveque Philippe , Cueille Marylene , Bourthoumieu Sylvie , Yardin Catherine
Published: September 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate the radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) effects on neuronal apoptosis in vitro. Primary cultured neurons from cortices of embryonic Wistar rats were exposed to a 900‐MHz global system for mobile communication (GSM) RF field for 24 h in a wire‐patch cell. The average‐specific absorption rate (SAR) used was 0.25 W/kg. Apoptosis rate was assessed immediately or 24 h after exposure using three methods: (i) DAPI staining; (ii) flow cytometry using double staining with TdT‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) and propidium iodide (PI); and (iii) measurement of caspase‐3 activity by fluorimetry. No statistically significant difference in the apoptosis rate was observed between controls and 24 h GSM‐exposed neurons, either 0 h or 24 h post‐exposure. All three methods used to assess apoptosis were concordant. These results showed that, under the conditions of experiment used, GSM‐exposure does not significantly increase the apoptosis rate in rat primary neuronal cultures. This work is in accordance with other studies performed on cell lines and, to our knowledge, is the first one performed on cultured cortical neurons. Bioelectromagnetics © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in heart rate variability among RF plastic sealer operators
Authors: Wilén Jonna , Wiklund Urban , Hörnsten Rolf , Sandström Monica
Published: September 2006

In a previous study, we showed that operators of radiofrequency (RF) plastic sealers, RF operators (n = 35) had a lower heart rate during nighttime compared to a control group (n = 37). We have analyzed the heart rate variability (HRV) on the same group of people to better understand the possible underlying rhythm disturbances. We found a significantly increased total HRV and very low frequency (VLF) power during nighttime among the RF operators compared to a control group. Together with our previous finding of a significantly lower heart rate during nighttime among the RF operators compared to the controls, this finding indicates a relative increase in parasympathetic cardiac modulation in RF operators. This could in turn be due to an adaptation of the thermoregulatory system and the cardiac autonomic modulation to a long‐term low‐level thermal exposure in the RF operators. Bioelectromagnetics © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A literature review: The effects of magnetic field exposure on blood flow and blood vessels in the microvasculature
Authors: McKay Julia C. , Prato Frank S. , Thomas Alex W.
Published: September 2006

The effect of magnetic field (MF) exposure on microcirculation and microvasculature is not clear or widely explored. In the limited body of data that exists, there are contradictions as to the effects of MFs on blood perfusion and pressure. Approximately half of the cited studies indicate a vasodilatory effect of MFs; the remaining half indicate that MFs could trigger either vasodilation or vasoconstriction depending on initial vessel tone. Few studies indicate that MFs cause a decrease in perfusion or no effect. There is a further lack of investigation into the cellular effects of MFs on microcirculation and microvasculature. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in mediating microcirculatory MF effects has been minimally explored and results are mixed, with four studies supporting an increase in NO activity, one supporting a biphasic effect, and five indicating no effect. MF effects on angiogenesis are also reported: seven studies supporting an increase and two a decrease. Possible reasons for these contradictions are explored. This review also considers the effects of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and anesthetics on microcirculation. Recommendations for future work include studies aimed at the cellular/mechanistic level, studies involving perfusion measurements both during and post‐exposure, studies testing the effect of MFs on anesthetics, and investigation into the microcirculatory effects of MRI. Bioelectromagnetics © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simulation of compression refrigeration systems
Authors: Sieres Jaime , Fernández‐Seara José
Published: September 2006

This study presents the main features of a software for simulating vapor compression refrigeration systems that are self designed by the user. A library of 10 different components is available: compressor, expansion device, condenser, evaporator, heat exchanger, flash tank, direct intercooler flash tank, indirect intercooler flash tank, mixer, and splitter. With these components and a library of different refrigerants many different refrigeration systems may be solved. By a user‐friendly interface, the user can draw the system scheme by adding different components, connecting them and entering different input data. Results are presented in the form of tables and the cycle diagram of the system is drawn on the logP–h and T–s thermodynamic charts. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 14: 188–197, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20075
RoboKol: A computer program for path planning for redundant and mobile robots
Authors: Conkur Erdinc Sahin
Published: September 2006

Redundant manipulators are defined as having an infinite number of solutions to their joint variables. Their many degrees of freedom make them able to determine their configurations to reach the goal point while avoiding obstacles in the workspace. A computer program we named it RoboKol is introduced in this paper, which performs path planning for redundant manipulators and mobile robots using potential field based algorithms. It has been developed in C++ for Windows platforms. Through a friendly user interface, the user can interact with the program and can perform a variety of operations such as drawing obstacles and robots on the screen, obtaining two‐ and three‐dimensional images of the potential field and performing robot simulations. Although RoboKol has originally been developed for research purposes, it is a convenient tool to teach potential fields, path planning for redundant manipulators and mobile robots in engineering education. Comput Appl Eng Educ 14: 198–210, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20078
Problematising the discourses of the dominant: whiteness and reconciliation
Authors: Green Meredith J. , Sonn Christopher C.
Published: September 2006

This article investigates how unacknowledged power can affect the political actions of those in the dominant group, in this case white Australians. To do this we identify connections between the discourses used by white Australians involved in Reconciliation, the power and privilege of whiteness in Australia, and participants' understandings and actions towards Reconciliation. Using discourse analysis four discourses were identified from interviews and focus groups with white Australians involved in Reconciliation. These were labelled ‘indigenous project’, ‘institutional change’, ‘challenging racism’, and ‘bringing them together’. We argue that understanding the power relations that underlie the political actions of those in dominant positions is critical to ensuring the goals of anti‐racism are achieved. Discourse analysis may allow us to gain a deeper understanding of the power and the potential impacts that may flow from particular positions and how power may be made more visible to the dominant group. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local pathways and statewide policies aligning standards and curricula
Authors: Bueschel Andrea Conklin , Venezia Andrea
Published: September 2006

This chapter describes examples of local pathways and statewide policies that align community college standards and curricula with those at high schools and four‐year colleges and universities.
Middle and early college high schools: Providing multilevel support and accelerated learning
Authors: Born Terry
Published: September 2006

Middle and early college high schools offer traditionally underserved students the opportunity to simultaneously engage in high school and college classes, with the goal of attaining both a high school diploma and an associate degree within five years. This chapter describes how two such schools support students as they confront the complexities of their educational and personal lives.
Arizona's teacher education initiative: Aligning high school and college curricula
Authors: St. Arnauld Cheri
Published: September 2006

Future teachers must be more than highly qualified; they must also be highly effective. The state of Arizona is proactively developing partnerships that will ensure that future teachers are ready for the rigorous expectations of the profession. These partnerships have created teacher education pathways that link high schools, community colleges, and public universities.
Magnetic and Electrical Properties of a Novel Compound U2Pd2Pb.
Authors: Kaczorowski D. , Gulay L. D.
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Systematic and Material Independent Variation of Electrical, Optical, and Chemical Properties of Ln Materials over the Ln Series (Ln: La, Ce, Pr, ..., Lu).
Authors: van der Kolk E. , Dorenbos P.
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
On the Origin of the Metallic and Anisotropic Magnetic Properties of NaxCoO2 (x ≈ 0.75).
Authors: Whangbo M.‐H. , Dai D. , Kremer R. K.
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Contribution of First‐Principles Energetics to the Ca—Mg Thermodynamic Modeling.
Authors: Zhong Yu , Ozturk Koray , Sofo Jorge O. , Liu Zi‐Kui
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Phase in the High‐Al Region of Al—Cr.
Authors: Grushko B. , Przepiorzynski B. , Kowalska‐Strzeciwilk E. , Surowiec M.
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Investigation of the Y2Te3—Cu2Te—PbTe System at 870 K and Crystal Structures of the Y7Cu3Te12 and YCu0.264Te2 Compounds.
Authors: Shemet V. Ya. , Gulay L. D. , Stepien‐Damm J. , Pietraszko A. , Olekseyuk I. D.
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Pb(SeO3)2 and Two Modifications of Sn(SeO3)2.
Authors: Steinhauser Georg , Luef Christoph , Wildner Manfred , Giester Gerald
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Dimensional Silver(I) Chain of Lacunary α‐Keggin Anions.
Authors: Nogueira Helena I. S. , Paz Filipe A. Almeida , Teixeira Paula A. F. , Klinowski Jacek
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Ambiphilic Dichlorocarbenoid Equivalent in Alkene Cyclopropanation and Carbonyl Olefination.
Authors: Chien Ching‐Ting , Tsai Chia‐Chung , Tsai Chi‐Hui , Chang Tsai‐Yuan , Tsai Ping‐Kuei , Wang Ying‐Chuan , Yan Tu‐Hsin
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxidation of Sulfides with Pyridinium Tribromide in the Presence of Hydrated Silica Gel.
Authors: Ali Mohammed Hashmat , Stricklin Susan
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Directed Regioselectivity of Bromination of Ketones with NBS: Solvent‐Free Conditions versus Water.
Authors: Pravst Igor , Zupan Marko , Stavber Stojan
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Strecker Reaction of Aldimines Catalyzed by a Nucleophilic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene.
Authors: Fukuda Yoshimasa , Maeda Yuka , Kondo Kazuhiro , Aoyama Toyohiko
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iron(III) Triflate‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Acetal‐Type Protected Cyanohydrins from Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Iwanami Katsuyuki , Aoyagi Masaru , Oriyama Takeshi
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Improved Solubility and Stability of Trialkylammonium Selenocarboxylate in Organic Solvents for Efficient Amidation with Azides.
Authors: Surabhi Prathima , Wu Xinghua , Hu Longqin
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Useful Reagents for Introduction of Boc and Fmoc Protective Groups to Amines: Boc‐DMT and Fmoc‐DMT.
Authors: Hioki Kazuhito , Kinugasa Mizuho , Koshimoto Michiko , Fujiwara Miho , Tani Shohei , Kunishima Munetaka
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Catalytic Methods for the Preparation of Acetals from Alcohols and Aldehydes.
Authors: Li Yonghong , Zhang Xiaojun , Ren Tianrui , Zhou Jiaju
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation and Deprotection of Aldehyde Dimethylhydrazones.
Authors: Petroski Richard J.
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxidative Cleavage of Oximes with Silica Gel Supported Chromic Acid in Nonaqueous Media.
Authors: Ali Mohammed Hashmat , Greene Stacie , Wiggin Candace J. , Khan Saira
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Coupling Reaction of Secondary Amines, Aldehydes, and Alkynes Catalyzed by an Iridium Complex.
Authors: Sakaguchi Satoshi , Mizuta Tomoya , Ishii Yasutaka
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted Silyloxy‐Cope Rearrangement of syn‐Aldol Products in DMF: Enhancement of Rate and Diastereoselectivity.
Authors: Schneider Christoph , Khaliel Souad
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Direct Preparation of Functionalized Cyclopropanes from Allylic Alcohols or α‐Hydroxyketones Using Tandem Oxidation Processes.
Authors: McAllister Graeme D. , Oswald Magalie F. , Paxton Richard J. , Raw Steven A. , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cyclobutane Derivatives as Potent NK1 Selective Antagonists.
Authors: Wrobleski Michelle Laci , Reichard Gregory A. , Paliwal Sunil , Shah Sapna , Tsui Hon‐Chung , Duffy Ruth A. , Lachowicz Jean E. , Morgan Cynthia A. , Varty Geoffrey B. , Shih Neng‐Yang
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of 4‐Methyl, 4‐Phenyl, and 4‐Hydrogen Substituted 1‐Lithio‐1,3‐butadienes with Aldehydes: Preparation of Multiply Substituted Cyclopentadienes.
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Fang Hongyun , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of Iodoarenes with Potassium Peroxodisulfate/Trifluoroacetic Acid in the Presence of Aromatics. Direct Preparation of Diaryliodonium Triflates from Iodoarenes.
Authors: Hossain Md. Delwar , Kitamura Tsugio
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chelated Ester Enolates as Versatile Nucleophiles for Direct Nucleophilic Attack on Aromatic Nitro Groups.
Authors: Stolz Daniel , Pick Rigobert , Kazmaier Uli
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Pot Reduction of Imines Generated in situ from Aldehydes and Amines by the NaBH4—InCl3 System.
Authors: Ravi Varala , Ramu Enugala , Kumar Ponnamaneni Vijay , Rao Adapa Srinivas
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Significantly Improved Method for the Pd‐Catalyzed Coupling of Phenols with Aryl Halides: Understanding Ligand Effects.
Authors: Burgos Carlos H. , Barder Timothy E. , Huang Xiaohua , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted Ring Opening of Epoxides in Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Tan Wei , Zhao Bao‐Xiang , Sha Lei , Jiao Pei‐Fu , Wan Mao‐Sheng , Su Lei , Shin Dong‐Soo
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dimethylaminomethylphosphonic Acid Derivatives Promoted CuI‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Aryl Ethers.
Authors: Jin Ying , Liu Jinyong , Yin Yingwu , Fu Hua , Jiang Yuyang , Zhao Yufen
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Efficient and Selective Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols to Ketones under Organic Solvent and Transition Metal Free Conditions.
Authors: Jain Suman L. , Sharma Vishal B. , Sain Bir
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tautomeric Equilibria in Solutions of the Products of Reaction Between 2‐Aminobenzenesulfonamide and 3‐Oxo Aldehydes.
Authors: Maloshitskaya O. A. , Alekseev V. V. , Pihlaja K.
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reactions of (E)‐α‐Perfluoroalkanesulfonyl‐α,β‐unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Xing Chunhui , Li Xianfu , Zhu Shifa , Zhao Jingwei , Zhu Shizheng
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Self‐Supported Heterogeneous Star‐Shaped Oxime‐Palladacycle Catalysts for the Suzuki Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Liu Qing‐Ping , Chen Ying‐Chun , Wu Yong , Zhu Jin , Deng Jin‐Gen
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient One‐Pot Friedel—Crafts Acylation of Benzene and Its Derivatives with Unprotected Aminocarboxylic Acids in Polyphosphoric Acid.
Authors: Ivanov Iliyan , Nikolova Stoyanka , Statkova‐Abeghe Stela
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
KOtBu‐Promoted Three‐Component Coupling of Aldehydes and Alkynes: Highly Efficient Synthesis of 1‐En‐4‐yn‐3‐ols and 2‐En‐4‐yn‐1‐ols.
Authors: Wang Shao‐Hua , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Chen Peng , Hu Xiang‐Dong , Zhang Fu‐Min , Wang Ai‐Xia
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of 1‐Indanones from Arenes and α,β‐Unsaturated Acyl Chlorides.
Authors: Yin Wei , Ma Yuan , Xu Jiaxi , Zhao Yufen
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
C60 Fluorination with Rare Earth Metal Tetrafluorides: An Extreme PrF4 Case.
Authors: Goryunkov Alexey A. , Mazej Zoran , Zemva Boris , Strauss Steven H. , Boltalina Olga V.
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Non‐Aqueous Iminium Salt Mediated Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation.
Authors: Page Philip C. Bulman , Buckley Benjamin R. , Barros David , Blacker A. John , Heaney Harry , Marples Brian A.
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
2,4,6‐Trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine Catalyzed Synthesis of Thiiranes from Oxiranes under Solvent‐Free and Mild Conditions.
Authors: Bandgar B. P. , Joshi Neeta S. , Kamble V. T.
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 5‐(Hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin‐2‐ones by Cyclization of Amide Dianions with Epibromohydrin.
Authors: Freifeld Ilia , Armbrust Holger , Langer Peter
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Approach to the Synthesis of Highly Substituted 3‐Pyrrolin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Arcadi Antonio , Marinelli Fabio , Rossi Leucio , Verdecchia Mirella
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Synthesis of 2‐Arylpyrroles from 4‐Oxo‐butanoic Acids and Their Use in the Preparation of Bis(pyrrolyl)methanes.
Authors: Jones David J. , Gibson Vernon C.
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient and Simple Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐1H‐pyrazoles.
Authors: Gerard Anne‐Laure , Bouillon Alexandre , Mahatsekake Clement , Collot Valerie , Rault Sylvain
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Promoted Aromatization of 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted 4,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐pyrazoles by Calcium Hypochlorite under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Azarifar Davood , Gharshasbi Azadeh
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of 2‐(1‐Chloroalkyl)‐4,5‐dimethyloxazoles and (E)‐2‐Alkenyl‐4,5‐dimethyloxazoles.
Authors: Zhang Hua , Yan Peng‐Fei , Zhang Guo‐Lin
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Convenient Synthesis of Novel 5‐Substituted 3‐Methylisoxazole‐4‐sulfonamides.
Authors: Filimonov Sergey I. , Korsakov Mikhail K. , Kravchenko Dmitry V. , Dorogov Mikhail V. , Tkachenko Sergey E. , Ivachtchenko Alexandre V.
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Accelerated, Three‐Component, One‐Step Synthesis of 2‐Acylimino‐3‐aryl‐3H‐thiazolines under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Xia Min , Lu Yue‐dong
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and in vitro Antitumor Activity of N‐{1‐[(3‐Thioxo‐5,6‐dihydroimidazo[2,1‐c] [1,2,4]thiadiazol‐7‐ylthio)thiocarbonyl] ‐2‐imidazolidene}arylsulfonamides.
Authors: Saczewski Jaroslaw , Brzozowski Zdzialaw , Saczewski Franciszek , Bednarski Patrick J. , Liebeke Manuel , Gdaniec Maria
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel α‐Carboline Synthesis Using Tandem aza‐Wittig—Electrocyclization Reaction of Indol‐2‐yl Phosphorane with Enones.
Authors: Bonini Carlo , Funicello Maria , Spagnolo Piero
Published: September 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.