bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reporting completeness and methodological quality of guidelines for nutritional care of critically ill patients: A meta-research utilizing Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealTh Care (RIGHT) and Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE II)
Authors: Zucatti Kelly Pozzer , Cattani Aline , Silva Flávia Moraes
Published: January 2025

Studies have demonstrated that the quality and transparency of reporting Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) in healthcare are low. This meta-research aimed to evaluate the adherence of nutrition CPGs for critically ill adults to the reporting RIGHT checklist and its association with the methodological quality assessed by AGREE II, along with other potential publication-related factors. A systematic search for CPGs until December 2024 was conducted. RIGHT and AGREE II were applied. Reporting completeness score was created using the data from the evaluations of whether each broken-down item of the RIGHT. Eleven CPGs were identified, none demonstrated adherence greater than 60% to the RIGHT checklist, and the mean of RIGHT score was 33.5±15.5%. There was a strong correlation between the RIGHT score and AGREE II (r=0.886). A development CPGs team including methodologist and/or statistician was associated with a higher RIGHT score (48.9±4.5 versus 27.2±11.0) and it was higher in CPGs recommended or recommended with modifications by AGREE II in comparison to those not recommended (50.1±4.6 versus 37.7±8.1 versus 17.0±6.8), and in those with acceptable and moderate compared to those with low methodological quality (50.1±4.6 versus 32.2±14.5 versus 19.3±6.2). It was also related to the language of publication, being higher in those published in English. The reporting completeness in CPGs for critically ill adults was low, with a strong correlation with the methodological quality. High values of reporting completeness scores were observed between CPGs recommended by AGREE II (with moderate or acceptable quality) and in those including a methodologist/statistician in the development team.
CONSERVATION AS TRANSLATION
Authors: FELLIN GIULIO , SCHUSTER PETER
Published: January 2025

Glivenko’s theorem says that classical provability of a propositional formula entails intuitionistic provability of the double negation of that formula. This stood right at the beginning of the success story of negative translations, indeed mainly designed for converting classically derivable formulae into intuitionistically derivable ones. We now generalise this approach: simultaneously from double negation to an arbitrary nucleus; from provability in a calculus to an inductively generated abstract consequence relation; and from propositional logic to any set of objects whatsoever. In particular, we give sharp criteria for the generalisation of classical logic to be a conservative extension of the one of intuitionistic logic with double negation.
The effects of maternal body weight on iodine concentration in breast milk and cord blood and infant growth
Authors: Şarahman Kahraman Ceren , Savaş Hasan Basri , Erdem Dilek , Yabancı Ayhan Nurcan
Published: January 2025

Breast milk (BM) is the only source of iodine and bioactive compounds that influence growth and development in infants. The content of BM may be influenced by maternal body mass index (BMI). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal weight on BM and cord blood iodine concentrations, growth-related hormones, infant anthropometric measurements. A total of 84 mother-infant pairs participated. Levels of leptin, adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in postnatal BM and cord blood were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), iodine by Sandell-Kolthoff reaction. Dietary iodine intake of women was determined by food frequency questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements of infants at birth and 3 months were evaluated. Dietary iodine intake was found to be similar in normal weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW/OB) women (p > 0.05). Breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) was 17.4 μg in NW, 18.2 μg in OB/OW women. Adiponectin in cord blood and IGF-I in BM were higher OB/OW than NW women (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were found between the infant birth weight and adiponectin in BM, between the infant body weight at 3 months and leptin and adiponectin in BM, between the infant birth head circumference and IGF-I in BM (p < 0.05). In multiple linear regression model, leptin and adiponectin in BM had a positive effect on infant body weight (p < 0.05). Maternal BMI may influence infant body weight via leptin and adiponectin in BM and infant head circumference via IGF-I. No relationship was found between maternal BMI and iodine levels and anthropometric measurements of the infant. Longitudinal studies are recommended to understand the effect of BMIC on growth.
PARP4 deficiency enhances sensitivity to ATM inhibitor by impairing DNA damage repair in melanoma
Authors: Li Yuehua , Liu Yu , Ma Jingjing , Yang Yuqi , Yue Qiao , Zhu Guannan , Guo Weinan , Gao Tianwen , Shi Qiong , Li Chunying
Published: January 2025

Besides the important pathogenic mechanisms of melanoma, including BRAF-driven and immunosuppressive microenvironment, genomic instability and abnormal DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) repair are significant driving forces for its occurrence and development. This suggests investigating novel therapeutic strategies from the synthetic lethality perspective. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 4 (PARP4) is known to be a member of the PARP protein family. The low expression of PARP4 is significantly associated with defective DSB repair markers and poor prognosis in melanoma. Further research revealed that PARP4 plays a role in DSB repair by regulating the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway through its involvement in Ku80 mono-ADP-ribosylation. Moreover, from a synthetic lethality perspective, PARP4 expression is associated with ATM inhibitor sensitivity. Overall, our study provides new and valuable insights into the function of PARP4 and melanoma pathogenesis and suggests that ATM inhibitor may be a promising therapeutic approach for treating melanoma with low PARP4 expression.
Stroma-derived Dickkopf-1 contributes to the suppression of NK cell cytotoxicity in breast cancer
Authors: Lee Seunghyun , Ricci Biancamaria , Tran Jennifer , Eul Emily , Ye Jiayu , Ren Qihao , Clever David , Wang Julia , Wong Pamela , Haas Michael S. , Stewart Sheila A. , Ma Cynthia X. , Fehniger Todd A. , Faccio Roberta
Published: January 2025

Mechanisms related to tumor evasion from NK cell-mediated immune surveillance remain enigmatic. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, whose levels correlate with breast cancer progression. We find DKK1 to be expressed by tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in patient samples and orthotopic breast tumors, and in bone. By using genetic approaches, we find that bone-derived DKK1 contributes to the systemic DKK1 elevation in tumor-bearing female mice, while CAFs contribute to DKK1 at primary tumor site. Systemic and bone-specific DKK1 targeting reduce tumor growth. Intriguingly, deletion of CAF-derived DKK1 also limits breast cancer progression, without affecting its levels in circulation, and regardless of DKK1 expression in the tumor cells. While not directly supporting tumor proliferation, stromal-DKK1 suppresses NK cell activation and cytotoxicity by downregulating AKT/ERK/S6 phosphorylation. Importantly, increased DKK1 levels and reduced cytotoxic NK cells are detected in women with progressive breast cancer. Our findings indicate that DKK1 represents a barrier to anti-tumor immunity through suppression of NK cells.
Monolithic electrostatic actuators with independent stiffness modulation
Authors: Xu Yuejun , Wen Jian , Burdet Etienne , Taghavi Majid
Published: January 2025

Robotic artificial muscles, inspired by the adaptability of biological muscles, outperform rigid robots in dynamic environments due to their flexibility. However, the intrinsic compliance of the soft actuators restricts force transmission capacity and dynamic response. Biological muscle modulates their stiffness and damping, varying viscoelastic properties and force in interaction with the surroundings. Here we replicate this function in the electro-stiffened ribbon actuator, a monolithic strong actuator capable of high contraction and stiffness modulation. electro-stiffened ribbon actuator employs dielectric-liquid-amplified electrostatic forces for contraction, and electrorheological fluid for rapid (<10 ms) stiffness and damping adjustments. This seamless integration enables contractile force modulation, extending its capability as a lightweight variable resistance passive spring by over 2.5 times, and improves its dynamic responses, with faster contractions and rapid attenuation of oscillations by more than 50%. We demonstrate electro-stiffened ribbon actuator’s versatility in active, passive and dual connection functions, including arm-bending wearable robotics, robotic arms with variable impact resistance and muscle-like stiffness and damping modulation.
Secretary bird optimization algorithm based on quantum computing and multiple strategies improvement for KELM diabetes classification
Authors: Zhu Yu , Zhang Mingxu , Huang Qinchuan , Wu Xianbo , Wan Li , Huang Ju
Published: January 2025

The classification of chronic diseases has long been a prominent research focus in the field of public health, with widespread application of machine learning algorithms. Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases with a high prevalence worldwide and is considered a disease in its own right. Given the widespread nature of this chronic condition, numerous researchers are striving to develop robust machine learning algorithms for accurate classification. This study introduces a revolutionary approach for accurately classifying diabetes, aiming to provide new methodologies. An improved Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm (QHSBOA) is proposed in combination with Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (KELM) for a diabetes classification prediction model. First, the Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm (SBOA) is enhanced by integrating a particle swarm optimization search mechanism, dynamic boundary adjustments based on optimal individuals, and quantum computing-based t-distribution variations. The performance of QHSBOA is validated using the CEC2017 benchmark suite. Subsequently, QHSBOA is used to optimize the kernel penalty parameter
$$\:C$$
and bandwidth
$$\:c$$
of the KELM. Comparative experiments with other classification models are conducted on diabetes datasets. The experimental results indicate that the QHSBOA-KELM classification model outperforms other comparative models in four evaluation metrics: accuracy (ACC), Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), sensitivity, and specificity. This approach offers an effective method for the early diagnosis and prediction of diabetes.
Ag@g-C3N4/MoS2 heterostructure for efficient photocatalytic oxygen evolution under visible light irradiation
Authors: Aslam Tayyab Sohail , Chen Jinsong , Umna Umm Y. , Muzaffar Kamran , Rehman Ateeq Ur , Naqvi Syeda Andleeb Zahra , Borse Rahul Anil , Feng Yangyang , Wang Yaobing
Published: January 2025

We constructed a MoS2-based heterostructured photocatalyst (Ag@g-C3N4/MoS2) toward efficient O2 production (2727 μmol g−1 h−1) under visible light irradiation.
Advances in modeling periodontal host–microbe interactions: insights from organotypic and organ-on-chip systems
Authors: Makkar Hardik , Sriram Gopu
Published: January 2025

This review highlights the advancements in 3D organotypic and organ-on-chip models for studying periodontal host–microbe interactions, offering insights into disease mechanisms and paving the way for novel therapeutic approaches.
High-efficiency CuO-CB6/Co–Al LDH nanocomposite electrode for next-generation energy storage
Authors: D. R. Anakha , K. M. Ashika , T. V. Vyshnavi , Ananthkumar M. , Yamuna R.
Published: January 2025

Cucurbit[6]uril stabilized CuO NPs incorporated Co–Al layered double hydroxide nanocomposites have been reported. 1 : 2 CuO-CB6/Co–Al LDH nanocomposite exhibits specific capacitance of 1862 F g−1 with a retention of 79% even after 10 000 cycles.
Oxygen partial pressure effects on nickel oxide thin films and NiO/Si diode performance
Authors: Pham Thi Kim Hang , Tran Bao Quan , Nguyen Khac Binh , Pham Ngoc Yen Nhi , Nguyen Thi Hai Yen , Nguyen An Hoang-Thuy , Nguyen Ngoc Phuong , Ngo Hai Dang , Pham Hoai Phuong
Published: January 2025

The RF-magnetron sputtering was used to create NiOx thin films on glass and n-type Si substrates; the effects of oxygen on the properties are examined. The p-nickel oxide/n-Si diode showed optimal diode characteristic at 30% oxygen gas ratio.
Suppressing intergranular cracking with near-surface layer regulation for electrochemical-thermal stabilization of LiCoO2
Authors: Song Kangwei , Shen Yu , Xu Tongmin , Lin Yushuang , Chen Zheming , Zhang Weicheng , He Congyu , Yang Zhenzhong , Qu Ke , Liu Zheyuan , Yu Yan , Yang Chengkai
Published: January 2025

By regulating Mg²⁺ diffusion in the near-surface lithium layer and performing surface modification, we enhanced the stability of the layered structure, suppressed intergranular cracking, and optimized performance under extreme conditions.
Polar topology in self-assembled PbTiO3 ferroelectric nano-islands
Authors: Wang Jie , Yang Chao , Qi Dongqing , Lu Ning , Chen Chuanhui , Tian Gang , Fang Hong , Song Kepeng , Lv Weiming , Zheng Limei
Published: January 2025

This work demonstrates the electrical and mechanical manipulation of topological polar structures in PbTiO3 nano-islands, which transforms between center-divergent and center-converging types, showing great potential in nonvolatile memory devices.
In situ formation of NaTi2(PO4)3 coating layers to enhance the high-temperature performance of NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials
Authors: Meng Wu , Guo Huajun , Wang Zhixing , Li Guangchao , Wu Bichao , Wang Jiexi , Peng Wenjie , Li Xinhai , Duan Hui , Yan Guochun
Published: January 2025

The surface NaTi2(PO4)3 coating design combined with partial Ti-atom doping synergistically suppresses electrode/electrolyte reactions and enhances the structural stability of O3-NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2.
High performance polyurethanes derived from aromatic acetal-containing polyols enabling closed-loop recycling
Authors: Schara Patrick , Türel Tankut , Cristadoro Anna , Sijbesma Rint P. , Tomović Željko
Published: January 2025

Acetal-containing polyols with high aromatic content were utilized for the preparation of high performance recyclable polyurethanes. These materials were depolymerized using a novel recycling strategy, enabling the recovery of the monomers.
Study of nitrous oxide utilization for syngas production via partial oxidation of methane using Ni-doped perovskite catalysts
Authors: Swadchaipong Notsawan , Tongnan Vut , Maneesard Panupan , Hartley Matthew , Li Kang , Ampairojanawong Rossarin , Makdee Ammarika , Hartley Unalome Wetwatana , Sereewatthanawut Issara
Published: January 2025

Four different materials—pure NiO, pure LSCF (La0.3Sr0.7Co0.7Fe0.3O3−δ), 10% Ni/LSCF, and 20% Ni/LSCF—were studied.
A coordination polymer with a silylene-supported Pd6 core as an efficient heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst
Authors: Mitomo Taiga , Wada Yoshimasa , Suda Tetsuro , Tamura Atsushi , Yagi Shunsuke , Kikkawa Soichi , Yamazoe Seiji , Sunada Yusuke
Published: January 2025

A coordination polymer consisting of a silylene-supported Pd6 cluster serves as a highly active and reusable catalyst for the hydrogenation of various alkenes in common organic solvents and protic solvents such as H2O.
Characterization of a C-methyltransferase from Streptomyces griseoviridis – crystal structure, mechanism, and substrate scope
Authors: Haase Mona , Weiergräber Oliver H. , David Benoit , Pfirmann Elias L. , Paschold Beatrix , Gohlke Holger , Pietruszka Jörg
Published: January 2025

This study elucidates the structure, catalytic mechanism, and substrate selectivity of the SAM-dependent methyltransferase from Streptomyces griseoviridis, which catalyses the synthesis of pyrroloindole motifs in tryptophan-based diketopiperazines.
Anti-fatigue, self-bonding, adhesive gels for easy-to-prepare 3D stacking flexible electronics
Authors: Shi Huiwen , Wang Xin , Guo Huijun , Yang Yanyan , Yang Yongqi
Published: January 2025

A polymer gel with tissue-compatible modulus, excellent fatigue resistance, minimal strain hysteresis, robust self-bonding and skin adhesion, and superior insulation, which can be used for developing compact, high-performance flexible electronics.
The regulatory effect of grass carp collagen configuration on the migration behavior of stem cells
Authors: Yang Si-Xian , Chen Shuang , Xu Yu , Zhu Zhong-Li , Su Xin-Yi , Wang Yi-Ting , Liu Yu-Xuan , Zhang Jun-Tao , Wei Ben-Mei , Zhu Lian , Qi Chu-Bo , Wang Hai-Bo
Published: January 2025

We regulated the configuration of grass carp collagen, by which the migration behaviors of stem cells were flexibly regulated. Assembly and cross-linking favor migration to some extent, while denaturation inhibited migration.
Confining Cu(i) ions within an Ir(iii)-based twin-cavity cage for photo-triggered dioxygen activation toward C(sp3)–H oxidation
Authors: Shi Zhuolin , Wang Yuwen , Zhang Rong , Li Hanshu , Cai Rui , Wu Jinguo , Wang Xin , Li Hechuan , Li Xuezhao , He Cheng
Published: January 2025

Stepwise activation of O2 under photo-irradiation was achieved by confining Cu(i) ions within an Ir(iii)-based twin-cavity cage, enabling effective C(sp3)–H oxidation of N-aryl tetrahydroisoquinolines.
FL‐ADS: Federated learning anomaly detection system for distributed energy resource networks
Authors: Purohit Shaurya , Govindarasu Manimaran , Blakely Benjamin
Published: January 2025

With the ongoing development of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) communication networks, the imperative for strong cybersecurity and data privacy safeguards is increasingly evident. DER networks, which rely on protocols such as Distributed Network Protocol 3 and Modbus, are susceptible to cyberattacks such as data integrity breaches and denial of service due to their inherent security vulnerabilities. This paper introduces an innovative Federated Learning (FL)‐based anomaly detection system designed to enhance the security of DER networks while preserving data privacy. Our models leverage Vertical and Horizontal Federated Learning to enable collaborative learning while preserving data privacy, exchanging only non‐sensitive information, such as model parameters, and maintaining the privacy of DER clients' raw data. The effectiveness of the models is demonstrated through its evaluation on datasets representative of real‐world DER scenarios, showcasing significant improvements in accuracy and F1‐score across all clients compared to the traditional baseline model. Additionally, this work demonstrates a consistent reduction in loss function over multiple FL rounds, further validating its efficacy and offering a robust solution that balances effective anomaly detection with stringent data privacy needs.
Lotus leaf structure improves perovskite efficiency by order of magnitude
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: January 2025

Increased perovskite efficiency could lead to more robust photodetectors for wearable and flexible electronics
Optimized perovskite photodetector achieved through optical manipulation via biomimetic nanostructure
Authors: Hu Qirun , Ma Chi , Zhang Jiarui , Dai Jun
Published: January 2025

Photodetectors with high integration and detectivity are in great demand for the development of wearable and flexible electronic devices. However, the limited photoelectric conversion efficiency at low film thickness has significantly hindered further applications for both traditional semiconductors and newly emerged perovskite materials. In this study, we have incorporated a biomimetic nanostructure inspired by the lotus leaf onto the perovskite active layer using a modified two-step room temperature low-pressure nanoimprinting technique. This approach has greatly improved the quality of the perovskite material during the spatially limited crystallization process. By incorporating a biomimetic optical nanostructure, we have achieved a synergistic effect between enhanced scattering and local surface plasmon resonances, leading to a significant improvement in incident light utilization efficiency. With the incorporation of this biomimetic nanostructure, we observed a remarkable enhancement of 1100% in photogenerated current and 39.6% in response speed. This strategy provides a viable approach for designing high-efficiency ultra-thin photodetectors.
Effective galactic dark matter: first order general relativistic corrections
Authors: Re Federico , Galoppo Marco
Published: January 2025

Stationary, axisymmetric, dust sourced solutions of Einstein’s equations have been proposed as fully general relativistic models for disc galaxies. These models introduce a novel physical element, i.e., a non-negligible dragging vortex emerging from a full consideration of the essential self-interaction of matter and geometry in general relativity, which might demand a profound recalibration of the inferred amount of dark matter in disc galaxies. Within this framework, we identify the correct observables for redshift-inferred rotation curves of distant galaxies, correcting previously overlooked mistakes in the literature. We find that the presence of the dragging vortex introduces non-negligible corrective terms for the matter density required to maintain a stable physical system. We present the first estimate of the dragging speed which is required to explain a non-negligible fraction of dark matter in disc galaxies. In particular, we show that a sub-relativisitc dragging velocity of tens of kilometers per second in the neighbourhood of the Sun is sufficient to reduce the need of dark matter by 50% in the Milky Way. Finally, we find that the presence of such a dragging vortex also returns a net contribution to the strong gravitational lensing generated by the galaxy. Thus, we show that the considered class of general relativistic galaxy models, is not only physcially viable, but suggests the need for recalibration of the estimated dark matter content in disc galaxies, with far reaching consequences for astrophysics and cosmology.
Growth and characterization of LaMnOx thin films prepared by metalorganic aerosol deposition
Authors: Schüler Leonard , Moshnyaga Vasily
Published: January 2025

LaMnO
x
(LMO) thin films have been prepared by low-oxygen metal-organic aerosol deposition. The oxygen stoichiometry x was controlled by the oxygen partial pressure p(O2) during deposition which is set by the ratio of O2/N2 gas flow. The stoichiometry in terms of Mn4+/Mn3+ ratio is determined from structural, electrical and magnetic properties. Deposition in pure N2 gas leads to films with oxygen stoichiometry of x ≈ 3.01, comparable to state-of-the art pulsed laser deposition-grown LMO thin films. Overall, we show that MAD as a simple chemical vacuum-free thin-film deposition method is also a suitable technique for the synthesis of oxide thin films that need a low p(O2) like LMO.
AEFNet: a real-time network for detecting prohibited items in x-ray images across complex scenarios
Authors: Zhu Kaiyuan , Chang Xinyu , Zhang Qing
Published: January 2025

Accurate identification of prohibited items in x-ray security images is essential for ensuring public safety. However, current methodologies struggle to simultaneously address irregular deformation, multi-scale features, and background occlusion of prohibited items, leading to inadequate detection accuracy. To address these challenges, we propose an adaptive efficient focusing network (AEFNet) designed to target regions, thereby enhancing the automatic detection of prohibited items. Specifically, to accommodate the irregular deformation of target regions, we introduce the DACSP module, which dynamically adjusts sampling positions to enhance the network’s adaptability and focus on occluded targets. To address detail loss and managing multi-scale features, we propose a multi-scale focus feature module and a focusing diffusion pyramid network (FDPN), which enable the fusion of semantic and perceptual features, improving the use of contextual information at different detection scales. Additionally, detail-enhanced convolution improves the efficacy of feature utilization at different scales, while facilitating a lightweight network design. Finally, we employ the PIoUv2 function to optimize localization loss, resulting in significant performance enhancement. Experimental results show that AEFNet performs effectively across various x-ray security image datasets (PIDray, CLCXray, OPIXray) achieving 74.7%, 61.3%, and 89.2% mAP respectively, and AEFNet also demonstrates strong generalization capabilities on the PASCAL VOC dataset in non-prohibited item detection scenarios.
Effect of additive elements on plastic deformation: a three-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics study
Authors: Wu Ronghai , Wang Zheng , Wu Xiaoxiang , Li Heng
Published: January 2025

Additive elements change plastic deformation in complicated manners, which may directly affect dislocation activities or indirectly affect plasticity associated microstructure. Clarifying such a complexity is still a challenge as it is not easy to decouple various effect mechanisms, especially in experiments. Previous investigations mainly focused on the indirect effect of additive elements on plasticity associated microstructure. In the present work, we try to clarify the direct effect of additive elements on dislocation activities by three-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics, using the case of Ni-based single crystal superalloys with additive elements Ru, Cr, and Mo. The three additive elements are chosen because they are crucial for the mechanical properties of Ni-based single crystal superalloys. Moreover, their excess volumes are distinct and hence can be representative additive elements. The results show that both the excess volume and concentration of additive elements contribute to the strengthening of single crystal Ni-based superalloys. The strengthening effect enhances as the excess volume increases and the concentration increases, regardless of the loading conditions. Competition mechanisms of additive elements which cause different mechanical features under different loading conditions are also analyzed.
Effects of composition ratio and crystal orientation on nanoindentation behavior of monocrystal AuPt alloys
Authors: Lin Jiajun , Xu Hao , Tian Yuanyuan , Du Chunyang , Chen Shanyong , Luo Gangjie
Published: January 2025

The improvement of hardness and plasticity for material has been a significant challenge. This work employs molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the nanoindentation behavior of monocrystal AuPt alloys. The enhancement in both the hardness and plasticity of the alloy could be achieved by adjusting the crystal orientation and the composition ratio. For the alloy, the dislocation density notably rises with an increase in Au content, becoming pronounced when it reaches 73%. The high dislocation density at this specific composition ratio leads to the strong work hardening, thereby strengthening the hardness of the Au0.73Pt0.27 alloys. Moreover, the active dislocation motion in the Au0.73Pt0.27 alloy during plastic deformation implies its excellent plasticity. Notably, the hardness of the Au0.73Pt0.27 alloy with [001] crystal orientation is considerably greater relative to other crystal orientations. This is attributed to the propensity for twinning to occur in the Au0.73Pt0.27 alloy with the

[

001

]

crystal orientation, which triggers intensified twin boundary strengthening. This work provides valuable insights for the design of AuPt alloys with superior mechanical properties, broadening their scope for application.
Deep learning-based quick MLC sequencing for MRI-guided online adaptive radiotherapy: a feasibility study for pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Ahunbay Ahmet , Paulson Eric , Ahunbay Ergun , Zhang Ying
Published: January 2025

Objective. One bottleneck of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided online adaptive radiotherapy is the time-consuming daily online replanning process. The current leaf sequencing method takes up to 10 min, with potential dosimetric degradation and small segment openings that increase delivery time. This work aims to replace this process with a fast deep learning-based method to provide deliverable MLC sequences almost instantaneously, potentially accelerating and enhancing online adaption. Approach. Daily MRIs and plans from 242 daily fractions of 49 abdomen cancer patients on a 1.5 T MR-Linac were used. The architecture included: (1) a recurrent conditional generative adversarial network model to predict segment shapes from a fluence map (FM), recurrently predicting each segment’s shape; and (2) a linear matrix equation module to optimize the monitor units (MUs) weights of segments. Multiple models with different segment numbers per beam (4–7) were trained. The final MLC sequences with the smallest relative absolute errors were selected. The predicted MLC sequence was imported into treatment planning system for dose calculation and compared with the original plans. Main results. The gamma passing rate for all fractions was 99.7 ± 0.2% (2%/2 mm criteria) and 92.7 ± 1.6% (1%/1 mm criteria). The average number of segments per beam in the proposed method was 6.0 ± 0.6 compared to 7.5 ± 0.3 in the original plan. The average total MUs were reduced from 1641 ± 262 to 1569.5 ± 236.7 in the predicted plans. The estimated delivery time was reduced from 9.7 min to 8.3 min, an average reduction of 14% and up to 25% for individual plans. Execution time for one plan was less than 10 s using a GTX1660TIGPU. Significance. The developed models can quickly and accurately generate an optimized, deliverable leaf sequence from a FM with fewer segments. This can seamlessly integrate into the current online replanning workflow, greatly expediting the daily plan adaptation process.
Few-shot transfer learning for individualized braking intent detection on neuromorphic hardware
Authors: Lutes Nathan A , Sriram Siddhardh Nadendla Venkata , Krishnamurthy K
Published: January 2025

Objective. This work explores use of a few-shot transfer learning method to train and implement a convolutional spiking neural network (CSNN) on a BrainChip Akida AKD1000 neuromorphic system-on-chip for developing individual-level, instead of traditionally used group-level, models using electroencephalographic data. The efficacy of the method is studied on an advanced driver assist system related task of predicting braking intention. Approach. Data are collected from participants operating an NVIDIA JetBot on a testbed simulating urban streets for three different scenarios. Participants receive a braking indicator in the form of: (1) an audio countdown in a nominal baseline, stress-free environment; (2) an audio countdown in an environment with added elements of physical fatigue and active cognitive distraction; (3) a visual cue given through stoplights in a stress-free environment. These datasets are then used to develop individual-level models from group-level models using a few-shot transfer learning method, which involves: (1) creating a group-level model by training a CNN on group-level data followed by quantization and recouping any performance loss using quantization-aware retraining; (2) converting the CNN to be compatible with Akida AKD1000 processor; and (3) training the final decision layer on individual-level data subsets to create individual-customized models using an online Akida edge-learning algorithm. Main results. Efficacy of the above methodology to develop individual-specific braking intention predictive models by rapidly adapting the group-level model in as few as three training epochs while achieving at least 90% accuracy, true positive rate and true negative rate is presented. Further, results show the energy-efficiency of the neuromorphic hardware through a power reduction of over 97% with only a 1.3 × increase in latency when using the Akida AKD1000 processor for network inference compared to an Intel Xeon central processing unit. Similar results were obtained in a subsequent ablation study using a subset of five out of 19 channels. Significance. Especially relevant to real-time applications, this work presents an energy-efficient, few-shot transfer learning method that is implemented on a neuromorphic processor capable of training a CSNN as new data becomes available, operating conditions change, or to customize group-level models to yield personalized models unique to each individual.
Gaps in U.S. livestock data are a barrier to effective environmental and disease management
Authors: Logsdon Muenich Rebecca , Aryal Sanskriti , Ashworth Amanda J , Bell Michelle L , Boudreau Melanie R , Cunningham Stephanie A , Flynn K Colton , Hamilton Kerry A , Liu Ting , Mashtare Michael L , Nelson Natalie G , Rashid Barira , Saha Arghajeet , Schaffer-Smith Danica , Showalter Callie , Tchamdja Aureliane , Thompson Jada
Published: January 2025

Livestock are a critical part of our food systems, yet their abundance globally has been cited as a driver of many environmental and human health concerns. Issues such as soil, water, and air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, aquifer depletion, antimicrobial resistance genes, and zoonotic disease outbreaks have all been linked to livestock operations. While many studies have examined these issues at depth at local scales, it has been difficult to complete studies at regional or national scales due to the dearth of livestock data, hindering pollution mitigation or response time for tracing and monitoring disease outbreaks. In the U.S. the National Agricultural Statistics Service completes a Census once every 5 years that includes livestock, but data are only available at the county level leaving little inference that can be made at such a coarse spatiotemporal scale. While other data exist through some regulated permitting programs, there are significant data gaps in where livestock are raised, how many livestock are on site at a given time, and how these livestock and, importantly, their waste emissions, are managed. In this perspective, we highlight the need for better livestock data, then discuss the accessibility and key limitations of currently available data. We then feature some recent work to improve livestock data availability through remote-sensing and machine learning, ending with our takeaways to address these data needs for the future of environmental and public health management.
Interfacial bond properties between polypropylene fiber mortar and rock with different roughness
Authors: Hu Jianliang , Huang Yunchao , Wang Xiuru , Liu Yuhui , Yu Shihui , Shen Shizhao , Pan Weijie , Chen Sheng , Shen Yunshan
Published: January 2025

Effective reinforcement measures for the surrounding rock of the tunnel are crucial to ensure the safety of tunnel engineering. Fibers are very effective in improving the quality of the interface; however, to promote the application of fiber mortar (FM) in tunnel lining reinforcement, it is necessary to study the bonding performance between FM and rock. The mechanical properties of ordinary mortar (OM) and FM were investigated, and bonding performance tests were conducted. The effect of polypropylene (PP) fibers on the mechanical properties and the influence of PP fibers and surface with different roughness on the bond properties were analyzed in detail. A 3D printer was used to print various structural boards to characterize different roughness levels, and the shape of the printed model was effectively controlled, thereby ensuring the consistency and repeatability of the structural board. The test results indicated that the splitting tensile strength and volumetric strain of the mortar were improved significantly with the addition of PP fibers, in which the splitting tensile strength increased by 38%, the elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio increased, and the deformation and energy absorption capacity were enhanced; however, there was little effect on its compressive strength. The bonding performance between mortar and rock surface were enhanced with the increase in roughness, and the direct shear strength recorded the highest value while the bond specimens with a surface roughness of joint roughness coefficient 18–20, also the PP fibers improved the bond properties. This study will be helpful for promoting the application of FM in tunnel surface lining engineering.
Machine-learning emergent spacetime from linear response in future tabletop quantum gravity experiments
Authors: Hashimoto Koji , Matsuo Koshiro , Murata Masaki , Ogiwara Gakuto , Takeda Daichi
Published: January 2025

We introduce a novel interpretable neural network (NN) model designed to perform precision bulk reconstruction under the AdS/CFT correspondence. According to the correspondence, a specific condensed matter system on a ring is holographically equivalent to a gravitational system on a bulk disk, through which tabletop quantum gravity experiments may be possible as reported in (Hashimoto et al 2023 Phys. Rev. Res.
5 023168). The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct a higher-dimensional gravity metric from the condensed matter system data via machine learning using the NN. Our machine reads spatially and temporarily inhomogeneous linear response data of the condensed matter system, and incorporates a novel layer that implements the Runge–Kutta method to achieve better numerical control. We confirm that our machine can let a higher-dimensional gravity metric be automatically emergent as its interpretable weights, using a linear response of the condensed matter system as data, through supervised machine learning. The developed method could serve as a foundation for generic bulk reconstruction, i.e. a practical solution to the AdS/CFT correspondence, and would be implemented in future tabletop quantum gravity experiments.
What Is Independence for Children?
Authors: Clayton Matthew
Published: January 2025

This chapter elaborates the idea of independence for children. It begins with an account of ethical independence, or what it means for an individual to set and pursue her own ethical ends. It proceeds to defend the idea of moral direction as a means of ensuring that everyone’s independence is respected and individuals’ political autonomy is preserved. The idea of parental anti-perfectionism—the exclusion of religious and ethical reasons from a conception of upbringing—which is central to independence for children, is introduced and elaborated, as is the idea of anti-perfectionism as an attitudinal requirement. Finally, the chapter explores the similarities and differences between independence for children and the idea of children’s liberation.
Ethics and Children’s Interests
Authors: Clayton Matthew
Published: January 2025

This chapter asks whether the ideal independence for children is congruent with a concern for children’s ethical interests. It begins by arguing that neither moral scepticism nor ethical subjectivism provides support for independence for children. It then discusses Ronald Dworkin’s ideal of living well, which highlights the ethical importance of authenticity, and shows how this ideal supports a conception of parenting that is similar in various respects to independence for children. The chapter raises and rebuts the criticism that parental anti-perfectionism is bad for children because it is not sensitive to their ethical interests in having ‘childhood goods’, in enjoying an upbringing that integrates the moral and ethical aspects of their lives, or in being prevented from embracing mistaken conceptions of the good. Finally, the chapter addresses the argument that parental anti-perfectionism is mistaken because its claim that paedobaptism is impermissible exposes children to the risk of eternal damnation.
Family Values and Parents’ Interests
Authors: Clayton Matthew
Published: January 2025

This chapter further elaborates an anti-perfectionist conception of family life. Some argue that independence for children is ill suited to sustaining intimate relationships between parents and their children. Others argue that parents have interests that justify their having the right to enrol their children into particular religious or ethical traditions. The first argument of the chapter is that, notwithstanding its objections to religious enrolment, independence for children is compatible with familial intimacy: it sometimes permits parents to reveal their religious convictions and ethical enthusiasms, and it is not inconsistent with the joint pursuit of certain moral or ethical goals. The chapter then argues that the welfare or integrity of parents does not defeat the independence-based moral claims of children. The final section asks, if we are not morally permitted to appeal to controversial religious ideals when parenting, may we appeal to them when we are deciding whether to have children?
Sovereign Reason
Authors: Cureton Adam
Published: January 2025

We often invoke reason, rationality, reasonableness, reasons, and related concepts in common sense. Despite what many serious thinkers claim, the reason of everyday life is far more substantive than cold logic or calculating self-interest. This book explores the idea that our power of reason includes an expansive set of governing abilities, motives, and principles. It develops this novel theory drawing on a wide variety of Kant’s texts and highlighting themes in ordinary ways of speaking and thinking that have not been sufficiently investigated. The book’s unifying idea is of an autonomous person who governs herself completely by reason. The Sovereignty Conception of Reason dramatically extends traditional Kantian conceptions of rational self-governance. We can use reason to govern our many mental powers, not just to make choices. We can legislate, execute, and adjudicate in ourselves all kinds of rational standards, not just moral ones. The Sovereignty Conception of Reason holds that our reason includes substantive interests in various things. Part of having a rational nature is to care about knowledge, enlightenment, happiness, solidarity, and other things for their own sake. The Sovereignty Conception of Reason also holds that our reason includes a principle of justifiability according to which mental acts of all kinds are required by reason if and because they are justifiable to rational people on the basis of their substantive interests of reason. The book contrasts the Sovereignty Conception of Reason with other prominent theories and explores rational principles concerning beneficence, coercion, deception, friendship, respect, happiness, and self-development.
Introduction to Part I
Authors: Cureton Adam
Published: January 2025

Common sense and ordinary language suggest that our reason is an embodied mental power that allows us to govern ourselves. Through our reason, we can keep ourselves in check, think and act rationally, overcome unreasonable biases and temptations, assess ourselves by standards of reason, and relate with others in rational and reasonable ways. This basic idea of autonomy or rational self-governance is partially reflected in Plato’s charioteer, in Butler’s authoritative conscience, and in Kant’s claim that we are subject only to moral laws that we give to ourselves. Our commonsense understanding of reason, however, is more expansive and complicated than philosophers commonly recognize. This chapter introduces the first part of the book, which aims to develop the basic features of the Sovereignty Conception of Reason and show its initial plausibility by exploring four main questions about the idea of autonomy or rational self-governance. These orienting questions are: (1) What features of ourselves does our power of reason allow us to govern? (2) In what ways does our reason allow us to govern ourselves? (3) What moves us to govern ourselves by reason? (4) What are the requirements of reason through which we govern ourselves? Addressing these questions in Part I reveals a rich theory of reason that fits reasonably well with common sense. It also offers new and appealing ways of answering traditional challenges to Kantian views of reason and autonomy. The chapter ends with some background Kantian ideas about our power of reason, including the idea of human reason.
Rational Nature
Authors: Cureton Adam
Published: January 2025

Our power of reason includes substantive final interests in rational nature as such in all people. Having a rational nature involves caring about the preservation, development, and exercise of reason in ourselves and everyone else for its own sake. The aim of this chapter is to explore the idea that we have substantive final interests in preserving, developing, and exercising the power of reason in its entirety in ourselves and others and to consider some presumptive laws of reason that these interests might favor when combined with the Sovereignty Conception of Reason’s Partial Principle of Justifiability (SCR-PPJ). The focus is on explaining our interests of reason in rational nature as such and on interpreting and applying these interests to our human power of reason, which is an embodied mental power that can be destroyed, damaged, cultivated, and exercised in ways that depend on our bodies and circumstances. Our interest of reason in protecting embodied rational nature favors laws that, for example, presumptively forbid us from killing anyone with the power of reason, destroying parts of someone’s power of reason, and causing various kinds of sickness, pain, and fatigue that make it difficult for people to exercise their rational abilities. We presumptively should use our own reason rather than allow others to reason for us, help others do the same, and establish freedom of thought so that we can exercise our reason without fear, intimidation, or other influences that tend to interfere with our reasoning.
The Music Room
Authors: Johnson Jake
Published: January 2025

From 1981 to 1994, Betty Freeman (1921–2009) helped organize and host a series of monthly musicales, or salons, in Los Angeles. Most of these salons were held in a room off the den of Freeman’s Beverly Hills home—a space she dubbed “the music room.” An avid art collector and patron of new music, Freeman saw these salons as an important space to foster the development of contemporary composition among leading and upcoming composers in both America and Europe. Over the span of 13 seasons, 144 composers, performers, and dignitaries in the contemporary music world spoke and performed music before a gathering of elite arts administrators, scholars, critics, patrons, and composers from the greater Los Angeles area. Even more, Freeman and her co-organizer, music critic Alan Rich (1924–2010), ensured that young, local composers were frequently featured alongside established ones with international reputations, constructing a network of mentors and mentees within contemporary music.

This book is a collection of transcriptions, taken from tape recordings, that give an unprecedented look inside one of the most significant musical gatherings of the last century. Featuring seventeen composers whose work and relationship with Freeman showcase the wide influence of her salon series, The Music Room is at once a record of these specific composers and a documented history of salon culture in America.
An Invitation
Authors: Johnson Jake
Published: January 2025

This introductory chapter provides background on Betty Freeman, Alan Rich, and their Los Angeles salon series. The history of salon culture in America and Europe, the role women played in organizing them, and how Freeman’s salons extend and expand the historical function of salons lies at the center of this chapter. It also explains the cultural landscape of Los Angeles and Southern California, particularly in contrast with other culturally and musically relevant cities such as New York and Paris. This introduction also reveals Freeman’s relationship with contemporary artists, including David Hockney and Roy Lichtenstein, whose works, among others, lined the walls and floors of Freeman’s home, including the Music Room, where all of these events took place.