bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survival and NF1 Analysis in a Cohort of Orthopedics Patients with Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
Authors: Knewitz Daniel K. , Anderson Colin J. , Presley William T. , Horodyski MaryBeth , Scarborough Mark T. , Wallace Margaret R.
Published: October 2021

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant tumor syndrome in which benign plexiform neurofibromas are at risk of transforming into malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), a very rare soft-tissue sarcoma. The prognosis of patients with MPNSTs is poor, with most studies reporting <50% survival at five years. However, studies evaluating MPNSTs are limited and report heterogeneous results. Because no MPNST-specific evidence-based treatment guideline exists, individual institutional experiences are very informative to the field. The main objective of this study was to investigate and report MPNST prognostic clinical and genetic biomarkers from our institution’s Orthopedics service experience treating 20 cases from 1992 to 2017. Most patients were treated with resection and adjuvant radiation. Extended follow-up, averaging 11.4 years (ranging 1.1 to 25.1), revealed excellent five-year survival rates: 70% for overall and 60% for metastatic disease. An S100 B immunonegative tumor phenotype was associated with a significantly worse outcome than MPNSTs with positive S100 B stain. In addition, NF1 gene mutation analysis was performed on 27 families with NF1 in which at least one affected family member developed MPNSTs. Of the 27 NF1 germline mutations, five were large deletions spanning (or nearly spanning) the gene (18.5%), substantially more than such deletions in NF1 in general, consistent with increased risk of MPNSTs in such cases.
Unusual Mesenchymal Tumors of the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract: When You Hear Hoofbeats in the Night, Do Not Forget the Zebras
Authors: Barella Marco , Lopez Gianluca , Ferrero Stefano , Vecchi Maurizio , Cantù Paolo , Croci Giorgio Alberto , Boggio Francesca , Del Gobbo Alessandro
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Little information about clinical presentation of mesenchymal tumors of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract due to their extreme heterogeneity is available for clinical management. Usually, small solitary asymptomatic polyps are accidently found during a screening colonoscopy performed for hematochezia, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, and bowel obstruction. In this case series, we illustrate our experience with mesenchymal tumors of the lower GI tract, which are a group of unusual and quite challenging lesions. Case Presentation: We retrospectively collected mesenchymal tumors of the lower GI tract in our institution (Fondazione IRCSS Ca’ Granda – Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano) during the last 10 years. We reviewed the histological slides, and, when necessary, we performed immunohistochemical analyses to better characterize the tumors. A total of 99 cases were identified: 45 GISTs, 42 lipomas, 4 leiomyomas, 3 Kaposi sarcomas, 1 schwannoma, 1 ganglioneuroma, 1 hemangioma, 1 inflammatory fibroid polyp, and 1 challenging case of spindle cell melanoma. We focused on the most rare entities excluding therefore all GISTs and lipomas from re-evaluation. Conclusion: Mesenchymal tumors of the lower GI tract represent a highly heterogeneous group of lesions encompassing GISTs, lipomas, smooth muscle tumors (leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma), GI schwannomas, inflammatory fibroid polyps, solitary fibrous tumors, and other unusual spindle cell tumors. Immunohistochemistry and, in selected cases, molecular biology remain a useful tool which, in addition to a meticulous study of the morphology, helps the pathologist in the tangled jungle of differential diagnosis.
Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury of Basal Ganglia Associated with the COVID-19 Infection: Case Report
Authors: Popescu Cyprian
Published: October 2021

There is emerging evidence of a broad spectrum of neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients. We report a case of a patient diagnosed with COVID-19 who presented bilateral lesions of the basal ganglia related to a severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. This observation allows expanding the neurological spectrum of COVID-19 particularly in patients with a more severe clinical course.
O musicar local e a produção musical da localidade
Authors: Reily Suzel Ana
Published: October 2021

Vivemos hoje em ambientes sonoros onde estamos expostos a uma grande variedade de estilos musicais de diversas épocas. A etnomusicologia, contudo, tem se concentrado no estudo de gêneros e práticas musicais tidas como “tradicionais” ou “próprias” ao contexto do estudo ou grupo étnico da pesquisa. Uma parcela das atividades musicais que fazem parte do dia a dia de muitas pessoas – seus “musicares locais” – podem ser ignoradas. Ao se integrarem à vida cotidiana, os musicares se tornam espaços que promovem sentimentos de pertencimento e de compromisso para com os contextos em que foram vividos e para com aqueles com quem foram compartilhados. Este artigo explora perspectivas voltadas para a relação entre estas atividades e as localidades em que ocorrem, investigando como os musicares afetam essas localidades e como são afetadas por elas. O musicar local cumpre um papel primordial na “produção de localidades” (Appadurai), evidenciando seu caráter eminentemente político.
Evaluation of risk factors associated with fragility fractures and recommendations to optimise bone health in children with long-term neurological condition
Authors: Leow Xue Yi Jessica , Tan Jonathan Tian Ci , Yeo Tong Hong , Wong Kenneth Pak Leung , Mahadev Arjandas , Ang Bixia , Vasanwala Rashida Farhad , Ng Zhi Min
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

The growing years are paramount for bone growth and mineral accrual. Children with long-term neurological condition (LTNC) have multiple risk factors for poor bone health and fragility fractures. In Singapore, this has not been studied systematically. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with fragility fractures in children with LTNC.

Methods:

In this study, the search for fragility fractures was done by a retrospective review of patients with LTNC on follow-up in the paediatric neurology clinic and patients who presented with fracture to the paediatric orthopaedic clinic. Information on patients’ demographics, medical history, intervention, biochemical bone markers and fracture history was collected.

Results:

In a tertiary clinic population of 136 patients with LTNC, 65% were dependent on mobility (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] V), 60% were underweight and 60% were fed via gastrostomy or nasogastric tube, or were on oral pureed diet. Furthermore, 60% were on anticonvulsants. The fracture rate was 3% in this population and was associated with low-impact activities such as transfer and dressing. Only 7.4% and 33% of the patients had undergone measurements of vitamin D and calcium levels, respectively.

Conclusion:

The local prevalence of fragility fractures in children with LTNC on follow-up at the neurology clinic was found to be 3%. Risk factors identified were limited ambulation and compromised nutritional status associated with feeding difficulty. Recommendations to optimise bone health in children with LTNC were made. These include promoting weight-bearing activities, looking out for underweight children, avoiding vitamin D deficiency and ensuring adequate calcium intake.
Association of face mask use with self-reported cardiovascular symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chew Nicholas Wen Sheng , Wong Raymond Ching Chiew , Djohan Andie Hartanto , Ngiam Jinghao Nicholas , Chai Ping , Yeo Tiong-Cheng , Tan Huay-Cheem , Sia Ching-Hui
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Countries are mandating the use of face masks to stem the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Face mask use has been associated with discomfort due to its effects on thermoregulation, breathing and oxygenation. We evaluated the prevalence and severity of self-reported cardiovascular symptoms before and during face mask use.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study of 1,001 participants residing in Singapore, who participated in a self-administered questionnaire between 25 April 2020 and 4 May 2020. Symptom severity before and during mask use, and health-seeking behaviour information were collected. The study outcome was self-reported worsening of cardiovascular symptoms and its association with the type of mask worn, duration of mask worn per day, and intensity of physical activities during mask use.

Results:

The most common symptom reported during mask use was dyspnoea. Independent predictors for self-reported cardiovascular symptoms during mask use were moderate–high physical activity during mask use (odds ratio [OR] 1.634, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.176–2.270, P = 0.003), duration of mask use for ≥3 h (OR 1.672, 95% CI 1.189–2.352, P = 0.003) and type of mask used, after adjusting for age, sex, healthcare-based worker status and presence of comorbidities. N95 mask was associated with worse symptoms when compared to surgical mask. Participants with ≥3 worsening symptoms or worsening dyspnoea, palpitations, fatigue and dizziness were more likely to seek medical help.

Conclusion:

Face mask use has been proven to be an effective way in curbing COVID-19 transmission. However, participants in this study had concerns regarding its use and these concerns should be urgently addressed to enable mask use policies to be enacted.
Solitary neurofibroma in the external auditory canal
Authors: Lee Pei-Rong , Chen Hsin-Chien
Published: October 2021

Significance Statement: Neurofibromas, derived from perineural cells, are usually benign in the nervous system. Although neurofibromas are common in the head and neck, they rarely affect the external auditory canal (EAC), and few cases have been reported. We describe a case of a solitary EAC neurofibroma with otoscopy, radiological imaging, a surgical approach, and an uneventful outcome.
Metagenomic investigation of potential abortigenic pathogens in foetal tissues from Australian horses
Authors: Akter Rumana , El-Hage Charles M. , Sansom Fiona M. , Carrick Joan , Devlin Joanne M. , Legione Alistair R.
Published: October 2021

Background

Abortion in horses leads to economic and welfare losses to the equine industry. Most cases of equine abortions are sporadic, and the cause is often unknown. This study aimed to detect potential abortigenic pathogens in equine abortion cases in Australia using metagenomic deep sequencing methods.

Results

After sequencing and analysis, a total of 68 and 86 phyla were detected in the material originating from 49 equine abortion samples and 8 samples from normal deliveries, respectively. Most phyla were present in both groups, with the exception ofChlamydiaethat were only present in abortion samples. Around 2886 genera were present in the abortion samples and samples from normal deliveries at a cut off value of 0.001% of relative abundance. Significant differences in species diversity between aborted and normal tissues was observed. Several potential abortigenic pathogens were identified at a high level of relative abundance in a number of the abortion cases, includingEscherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Klebsiella oxytoca, Streptococcus equisubspecies zooepidemicus, Pantoea agglomerans, Acinetobacter lwoffii,Acinetobacter calcoaceticusandChlamydia psittaci.

Conclusions

This work revealed the presence of several potentially abortigenic pathogens in aborted specimens. No novel potential abortigenic agents were detected. The ability to screen samples for multiple pathogens that may not have been specifically targeted broadens the frontiers of diagnostic potential. The future use of metagenomic approaches for diagnostic purposes is likely to be facilitated by further improvements in deep sequencing technologies.
A high-density linkage map and sex-linked markers for the Amazon Tambaqui Colossoma macropomum
Authors: Varela Eduardo Sousa , Bekaert Michaël , Ganeco-Kirschnik Luciana Nakaghi , Torati Lucas Simon , Shiotsuki Luciana , de Almeida Fernanda Loureiro , Villela Luciana Cristine Vasques , Rezende Fabrício Pereira , da Silva Barroso Aurisan , de Freitas Luiz Eduardo Lima , Taggart John Bernard , Migaud Herve
Published: October 2021

Background

Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum, Cuvier, 1818) is the most economically important native freshwater fish species in Brazil. It can reach a total length of over 1 m and a weight of over 40 kg. The species displays a clear sex dimorphism in growth performance, with females reaching larger sizes at harvest. In aquaculture, the production of monosex populations in selective breeding programmes has been therefore identified as a key priority.

Results

In the present study, a genetic linkage map was generated by double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing from 248 individuals sampled from two F1 families. The map was constructed using 14,805 informative SNPs and spanned 27 linkage groups. From this, the tambaqui draft genome was improved, by ordering the scaffolds into chromosomes, and sex-linked markers were identified. A total of 235 markers on linkage group 26 showed a significant association with the phenotypic sex, supporting an XX/XY sex determination system in the species. The four most informative sex-linked markers were validated on another 206 sexed individuals, demonstrating an accuracy in predicting sex ranging from 90.0 to 96.7%.

Conclusions

The genetic mapping and novel sex-linked DNA markers identified and validated offer new tools for rapid progeny sexing, thus supporting the development of monosex female production in the industry while also supporting breeding programmes of the species.
Early postoperative hemodynamic instability after heart transplantation – incidence and metabolic indicators
Authors: Kędziora Anna , Piątek Jacek , Hymczak Hubert , Wasilewski Grzegorz , Guzik Bartłomiej , Drwiła Rafał , Kapelak Bogusław , Sobczyk Dorota , Konstanty-Kalandyk Janusz , Wierzbicki Karol
Published: October 2021

Background

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the main cause of death in the first 30 days after heart transplantation (HTX), accounting for approximately 40% of mortality. The study’s primary aim was to assess the incidence of PGD, following the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation consensus, and to compare it with the incidence of significant postoperative hypotension despite administration of high-dose inotropes and vasoconstrictors. The secondary aim of the study was to determine changes in biochemical markers that accompany the phenomenon.

Methods

Forty-five patients who underwent HTX between 2010 and 2015 were enrolled in this study, and detailed hemodynamic and metabolic data from the first 48 postoperative hours were collected and analyzed. Hemodynamic instability was defined as significant postoperative hypotension (mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 60 mmHg) combined with a high inotrope score (> 10). Data for long-term mortality were obtained from the population registration office.

Results

PGD incidence was relatively low (17.8%); however, hemodynamic instability was common (40%). Among unstable patients, MAP was insufficient for end-organ perfusion (51.4 ± 9.5 mmHg) but no decrease in left ventricular function was observed (cardiac index, 2.65 ± 0.6 l/min/m2; left ventricular ejection fraction, 52.9 ± 15.5%). Within this group, mean systemic vascular resistance index (961 ± 288 dyn*s*m2/cm5) was low despite receiving high doses of vasoactive agent (norepinephrine 0.21 (0.06-0.27) μg/kg/min during first 24 h postoperatively and 0.21 (0.01-0.27) μg/kg/min during next 24 h postoperatively). After HTX, serum lactate levels were initially significantly higher in patients with hemodynamic instability (p = 0.002); however, impaired lactate clearance was not observed (p = 0.366), and lactate levels normalized within the first 24 h postoperatively. Postoperative hemodynamic instability altered the long-term outcome and increased 5-year mortality after HTX (p = 0.034).

Conclusions

Hemodynamic instability is a more common phenomenon than PGD. Only early postoperative serum lactate levels correspond with hemodynamic instability following HTX. Postoperative hemodynamic instability is associated with poor long-term survival among HTX recipients.
Analgesia and patient comfort after enhanced recovery after surgery in uvulopalatopharyngoplasty: a randomised controlled pilot study
Authors: Huang Fei , Wang Minxue , Chen Huixin , Cheng Nan , Wang Yanling , Wu Di , Zhou Shaoli
Published: October 2021

Background

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty(UPPP) is the most prevalent surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, but postoperative pharyngeal pain may affect patient comfort. The enhanced recovery after surgery pathway has been proved beneficial to many types of surgery but not to UPPP yet. The aim of this pilot study was to preliminarily standrize an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for UPPP, to assess whether it has positive effects on reducing postoperative pharyngeal pain and improving patient comfort, and to test its feasibility for an international multicentre study.

Methods

This randomised controlled study analysed 116 patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) who were undergoing UPPP in a single tertiary care hospital. They were randomly divided according to treatment: the ERAS group (those who received ERAS treatment) and the control group (those who received traditional treatment). Ninety-five patients completed the assessment (ERAS group, 59 patients; control group, 36 patients). Pharyngeal pain and patient comfort were evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) at 30 min and at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after UPPP. Complications, hospitalisation duration, and hospital cost were recorded.

Results

The VAS scores for resting pain and swallowing pain were significantly lower in the ERAS group than those in the control group at 30 min and at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after surgery. Patient comfort was improved in the ERAS group. The hospitalisation duration and cost were comparable between the groups. The incidence of complications showed an increasing trend in the ERAS group.

Conclusion

The ERAS protocol significantly relieved pharyngeal pain after UPPP and improved comfort in patients with OSA, which showed the prospect for an larger study. Meanwhile a potential increase of post-operative complications in the ERAS group should be noticed.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (23/09/2018, ChiCTR1800018537)
Association of gait with global cognitive function and cognitive domains detected by MoCA-J among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hao Wen , Zhao Wenjing , Kimura Takashi , Ukawa Shigekazu , Kadoya Ken , Kondo Katsunori , Tamakoshi Akiko
Published: October 2021

Background

Gait was proved to be strongly associated with global cognitive function and multiple cognitive domains; however, previous research usually concentrated on individual gait parameters. This study used wearable sensors to measure gait parameters in different aspects and comprehensively explored the association of gait with global cognitive function and cognitive domains.

Methods

The data of this cross-sectional study were obtained from 236 community-dwelling Japanese older adults (125 men and 111 women) aged 70–81 years. Gait was measured by asking participants to walk a 6-m course and back using the Physilog® sensors (GaiUp®, Switzerland). Global cognitive function and cognitive domains were evaluated by face-to-face interviews using the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Twenty gait parameters were summarized as independent gait factors using factor analysis. A generalized linear model and linear regression model were used to explore the relationship of gait with global cognitive function and cognitive domains adjusted for several confounding factors.

Results

Factor analysis yielded four gait factors: general cycle, initial contact, propulsion, and mid-swing. Among them, general cycle factor was significantly associated with global cognitive function (β = − 0.487, [− 0.890, − 0.085]) and executive function (P = 0.049); initial contact was associated with executive function (P = 0.017).

Conclusion

General cycle of gait might be the better marker of global cognitive function and gait is most strongly associated with executive function. The longitudinal relationships should be examined in future cohort studies.
Cognitive function assessed by Mini-mental state examination and risk of all-cause mortality: a community-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Su Yongkang , Dong Jing , Sun Jin , Zhang Yan , Ma Shouyuan , Li Man , Zhang Anhang , Cheng Bokai , Cai Shuang , Bao Qiligeer , Wang Shuxia , Zhu Ping
Published: October 2021

Background

The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is the most widely used instrument to test cognitive functioning. The present study prospectively investigated the association between MMSE scores, MMSE domains, and all-cause mortality.

Methods

A total of 2134 participants aged 60 years or over, selected from one urban community-dwelling population in China, were enrolled in the study. The cognitive test was performed by use of the MMSE at baseline, and covariates were recorded simultaneously. Cox regression models were used for examining the cognitive function, expressed by different MMSE transformations, and all-cause mortality. After followed up for a median of 10.8 years (ranging from 1.0 to 11.3 years), loss to follow-up was 13.1% and 1854 individuals were finally included in the analyses.

Results

The subjects had the mean (SD) age of 71.01 (7.00) years, and 754 (40.67%) of them were women. Per point increase on MMSE scores was associated a 4% decreased risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 0.96; 95%confidence interval (CI): 0.93–0.98]; compared to MMSE scores of ≥24, MMSE scores of < 24 was associated with a 43% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.05–1.95); compared to MMSE scores of 30, MMSE scores of 27–29 (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.89–1.82), 24–26 (HR: 1.30; 95% CI: 0.86–1.99), and < 24 (HR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.15–2.77) had a graded increase in risk of all-cause mortality (p for trend =0.003). Of MMSE domains, orientation to time (HR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.29–3.11), attention and calculation (HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.16–1.92), recall (HR: 2.59; 95% CI: 1.22–5.47), and language (HR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.25–2.26) were significantly associated with all-cause mortality in the unadjusted model; for one increase in the number of impaired MMSE domains, the unadjusted HR (95% CI) of mortality is 1.51 (1.38, 1.65), and the HR (95% CI) of mortality is 1.12 (1.01, 1.25) with full adjustment; compared to 0 and 1 impaired MMSE domains, the HRs of all-cause mortality associated with 2, 3, 4, and ≥ 5 impaired MMSE domains were 1.14 (95% CI: 0.84–1.54), 1.50 (95% CI: 0.98–2.28), 2.14 (95% CI: 1.12–4.09) and 2.29 (95% CI: 1.24–5.04), respectively, and a dose-dependent relationship was significant (p for trend =0.003).

Conclusion

Cognitive impairment is associated with the increased risk of all-cause mortality in the Chinese elderly. Similarly, reduced MMSE scores, as well as impaired MMSE domains, are also associated with the increasing risk of all-cause mortality.
Time interval analysis of ductus venosus and cardiac cycles in relation with umbilical artery pH at birth in fetal growth restriction
Authors: Suekane Tomoki , Tachibana Daisuke , Kurihara Yasushi , Yokoi Natsuko , Seo Naomi , Kitada Kohei , Tahara Mie , Hamuro Akihiro , Misugi Takuya , Nakano Akemi , Koyama Masayasu
Published: October 2021

Background

The aims of this study were to evaluate the time intervals of flow velocity waveforms (FVW) of ductus venosus (DV) and cardiac cycles, as well as the pulsatility index of DV-FVW (DV-PI), in correlation with umbilical artery (UA) pH at birth in fetal growth restriction (FGR) complicated with placental insufficiency.

Methods

Data were retrospectively retrieved from pregnancies complicated by FGR. FGR was defined as an estimated fetal weight below − 2.0 S.D. with an elevated UA-PI. Time interval assessments of DV-FVW were as follows: the duration of systolic wave was divided by the duration of diastolic wave and defined as DV-S/D. We also measured the following time intervals of ventricular inflow through tricuspid valve (TV) and mitral valve (MV): (iii), from the second peak of ventricular inflow caused by atrial contraction (A-wave) to the opening of atrio-ventricular valves and: (iv), from the opening of atrio-ventricular valves to the peak of A-wave. (iii)/(iv) was expressed as TV-S/D and MV-S/D, for TV and MV, respectively. The time interval data were transformed into z-scores.

Results

Thirty-one FGR fetuses were included in this study. Both DV-PI and DV-S/D showed significant correlation with UA-pH (r = − 0.677, p = < 0.001 and r = 0.489, p = 0.005 for DV-PI and z-score of DV-S/D, respectively) and more significances were observed in FGR ≤ 28 + 6 gestational weeks (r = − 0.819, p < 0.001 and r = 0.726, p = 0.005, for DV-PI and z-score of DV-S/D, respectively) than in FGR > 28 + 6 gestational weeks (r = − 0.634, p = 0.007 and r = 0.635, p = 0.020, for DV-PI and z-score of DV-S/D, respectively). On the other hand, TV-S/D and MV-S/D showed no significant correlation with UA-pH, although these z-scores indicated significant decreases compared with normal references.

Conclusions

Time interval analysis of DV-FVW might be a valuable parameter, as well as DV-PI, for the antenatal prediction of fetal acidemia in the management of FGR fetuses.
Sensitivity and concurrent validity of the Japanese version of the Euthymia scale: a clinimetric analysis
Authors: Sasaki Natsu , Carrozzino Danilo , Nishi Daisuke
Published: October 2021

Background

Euthymia is characterized by the lack of mood disorders, the presence of positive affects, psychological flexibility and well-being, a unifying outlook on life, and resistance to stress. The Euthymia Scale (ES) is a 10-item self-rating clinimetric index assessing euthymia.

Objectives

The present study was conducted to examine the clinimetric sensitivity and concurrent validity of the Japanese version of the Euthymia Scale (ES-J).

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to determine the presence of past or current major depressive episodes (MDE). The clinimetric sensitivity was evaluated using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Pearson’s correlation coefficients were performed to examine the concurrent validity of the ES-J.

Results

A total of 1030 eligible participants completed the survey. The ES-J differentiated healthy subjects from complete remission (i.e., those with a past history of MDE without current MDE) (p < 0.001), from those with past or current history of MDE (p < 0.001), subjects with current MDE from those with sub-threshold symptoms of depression (p < 0.001), and healthy participants from subjects with moderate to severe symptoms of psychological distress (p < 0.001). The associations between the ES-J and measures of psychological well-being, resilience, life satisfaction, and social support were significantly positive (0.353 < r < 0.666, p < 0.001). A negative relationship between the ES-J and measures of psychological distress was also found (r = − 0.595, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The findings of the present study indicated that the ES-J is a valid and highly sensitive clinimetric index, which can be used as a screening measure in the clinical process of assessment of recovery, particularly when symptoms are expected to be mild and/or when dealing with subclinical symptoms of psychological distress and depression. The findings of this study also support the use of the ES-J to detect vulnerability to depression and to identify subjects at higher risk of relapse.
A comparison of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for mild cognitive impairment screening in Chinese middle-aged and older population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jia Xiaofang , Wang Zhihong , Huang Feifei , Su Chang , Du Wenwen , Jiang Hongru , Wang Huijun , Wang Jiaqi , Wang Fangjun , Su Weiwu , Xiao Huifang , Wang Yanxin , Zhang Bing
Published: October 2021

Background

The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) are the most commonly used scales to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in population-based epidemiologic studies. However, their comparison on which is best suited to assess cognition is scarce in samples from multiple regions of China.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 4923 adults aged ≥55 years from the Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Diseases. Objective cognition was assessed by Chinese versions of MMSE and MoCA, and total score and subscores of cognitive domains were calculated for each. Education-specific cutoffs of total score were used to diagnose MCI. Demographic and health-related characteristics were collected by questionnaires. Correlation and agreement for MCI between MMSE and MoCA were analyzed; group differences in cognition were evaluated; and multiple logistic regression model was used to clarify risk factors for MCI.

Results

The overall MCI prevalence was 28.6% for MMSE and 36.2% for MoCA. MMSE had good correlation with MoCA (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.8374, p < 0.0001) and moderate agreement for detecting MCI with Kappa value of 0.5973 (p < 0.0001). Ceiling effect for MCI was less frequent using MoCA versus MMSE according to the distribution of total score. Percentage of relative standard deviation, the measure of inter-individual variance, for MoCA (26.9%) was greater than for MMSE (19.0%) overall (p < 0.0001). Increasing age (MMSE: OR = 2.073 for ≥75 years; MoCA: OR = 1.869 for≥75 years), female (OR = 1.280 for MMSE; OR = 1.163 for MoCA), living in county town (OR = 1.386 and 1.862 for MMSE and MoCA, respectively) or village (OR = 2.579 and 2.721 for MMSE and MoCA, respectively), smoking (OR = 1.373 and 1.288 for MMSE and MoCA, respectively), hypertension (MMSE: OR = 1.278; MoCA: OR = 1.208) and depression (MMSE: OR = 1.465; MoCA: OR = 1.350) were independently associated with greater likelihood of MCI compared to corresponding reference group in both scales (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions

MoCA is a better measure of cognitive function due to lack of ceiling effect and with good detection of cognitive heterogeneity. MCI prevalence is higher using MoCA compared to MMSE. Both tools identify concordantly modifiable factors for MCI, which provide important evidence for establishing intervention measures.
Prevalence of and risk factors for asthma among people aged 45 and older in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wan Jingxuan , Zhang Qing , Li Chunxiao , Lin Jiangtao
Published: October 2021

Background

Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases worldwide. This study aimed to determine the updated prevalence of and risk factors for asthma among individuals aged 45 and older in mainland China.

Methods

The data for this study came from the fourth wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) conducted by the National School of Development of Peking University in 2018. The CHARLS is a nationally representative survey targeting populations aged 45 and over from 28 provinces/cities in mainland China. A representative sample of 19,816 participants was recruited for the study using a multistage stratified sampling method. The prevalence of asthma was determined across different characteristics. The potential risk factors were examined by multivariable logistic regressions.

Results

A total of 18,395 participants (8744 men and 9651 women) were eligible for the final data analysis. The estimated prevalence of asthma among Chinese people aged ≥ 45 years in 2018 was 2.16% (95% CI 1.96–2.38). The prevalence of asthma significantly differed according to race (P = 0.002), with an overall rate of 2.07% (95% CI 1.86–2.29) in Han paticipants and 3.32% (95% CI 2.50–4.38) in minority participants. Furthermore, the minority ethnicities (OR = 1.55 [95% CI 1.12–2.14],P = 0.008), older age (60–69 years group: OR = 1.85 [95% CI 1.17–2.92],P = 0.008; ≥ 70 years group: OR = 2.63 [95% CI 1.66–4.17],P < 0.001), an education level of middle school or below (middle-school education: OR = 1.88 [95% CI 1.15–3.05],P = 0.011; primary education: OR = 2.48 [95% CI 1.55–3.98],P < 0.001; literate: OR = 2.53 [95% Cl 1.57–4.07],P < 0.001; illiterate: OR = 2.78 [95% CI 1.72–4.49,P < 0.001]), smoking (OR = 1.37 [95% CI 1.11–1.68],P = 0.003), and residence in North (OR = 1.52 [95% CI 1.11–2.09],P = 0.01) or Northwest China (OR = 1.71 [95% CI 1.18–2.49],P = 0.005) were associated with prevalent asthma.

Conclusions

Asthma is prevalent but underappreciated among middle-aged and elderly people in China. A number of risk factors were identified. These results can help to formulate correct prevention and treatment measures for asthma patients.
Investigating the system effect of reporting multidisciplinary care measures for cancer services in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: White Kahren M. , Kwedza Ru K. , Seale Holly , Harrison Reema
Published: October 2021

Background

Multidisciplinary cancer care to facilitate the provision of patient centred and evidence-based care is considered best practice internationally. In 2016 multidisciplinary care measures were developed for all local health districts across NSW. The aim of this study was to identify system-level changes and quality improvement activities across the NSW cancer system linked to reporting on these measures.

Methods

Focus group discussions were used to generate a synergy of ideas from key stakeholders. An exploratory descriptive approach was used within the ontological position of Framework Analysis, the analysis method chosen for this research study, sitting most closely within pragmatism. The use of Framework Analysis in the analytic strategy is because it is well-suited to addressing policy issues and maintaining specific focus within a wider dataset.

Results

Two focus groups were held with a total of 18 purposively selected participants. Four primary themes emerged: value of electronic documentation; role clarity; relationships; and future development of measures. Key findings included that the reporting of performance measures has expedited the development of electronic documentation and data extraction from the multidisciplinary team meeting (MDT), identified barriers and facilitators to MDT data collection and supported MDT improvement activities across NSW.

Conclusions

The findings of this study have highlighted that MDTs and their meetings across NSW are harnessing technological advancements to support and further develop their MDTs, as well as the challenges of implementing new processes within the MDTM. This study adds a unique contribution to knowledge of how the reporting of measures can assist in understanding variation in the development and implementation of multidisciplinary teams, as well as highlighting future programs of work to decrease variation in multidisciplinary team meetings and quality improvement activities.
The role of community health workers in the surgical cascade: a scoping review
Authors: Li Helen W. , Scanlon Michael L. , Kisilu Nicholas , Litzelman Debra K.
Published: October 2021

Background

Community health workers (CHWs) can increase access to various primary healthcare services; however, their potential for improving surgical care is under-explored. We sought to assess the role of CHWs in the surgical cascade, defined as disease screening, linkage to operative care, and post-operative care. Given the well-described literature on CHWs and screening, we focused on the latter two steps of the surgical cascade.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review of the peer-reviewed literature. We searched for studies published in any language from January 1, 2000 to May 1, 2020 using electronic literature databases including Pubmed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. We included articles on CHW involvement in linkage to operative care and/or post-operative surgical care. Narrative and descriptive methods were used to analyze the data.

Results

The initial search identified 145 articles relevant to steps in the surgical cascade. Ten studies met our inclusion criteria and were included for review. In linkage to care, CHWs helped increase surgical enrollment, provide resources for vulnerable patients, and build trust in healthcare services. Post-operatively, CHWs acted as effective monitors for surgical-site infections and provided socially isolated patients with support and linkage to additional services. The complex and wide-ranging needs of surgical patients illustrated the need to view surgical care as a continuum rather than a singular operative event.

Conclusion

While the current literature is limited, CHWs were able to maneuver complex medical, cultural, and social barriers to surgical care by linking patients to counseling, education, and community resources, as well as post-operative infection prevention services. Future studies would benefit from more rigorous study designs and larger sample sizes to further elucidate the role CHWs can serve in the surgical cascade.
Analysis of international traveler mobility patterns in Tokyo to identify geographic foci of dengue fever risk
Authors: Yuan Baoyin , Lee Hyojung , Nishiura Hiroshi
Published: October 2021

Travelers play a role in triggering epidemics of imported dengue fever because they can carry the virus to other countries during the incubation period. If a traveler carrying dengue virus visits open green space and is bitten by mosquitoes, a local outbreak can ensue. In the present study, we aimed to understand the movement patterns of international travelers in Tokyo using mobile phone data, with the goal of identifying geographical foci of dengue transmission. We analyzed datasets based on mobile phone access to WiFi systems and measured the spatial distribution of international visitors in Tokyo on two specific dates (one weekday in July 2017 and another weekday in August 2017). Mobile phone users were classified by nationality into three groups according to risk of dengue transmission. Sixteen national parks were selected based on their involvement in a 2014 dengue outbreak and abundance of Aedes mosquitoes. We found that not all national parks were visited by international travelers and that visits to cemeteries were very infrequent. We also found that travelers from countries with high dengue prevalence were less likely to visit national parks compared with travelers from dengue-free countries. Travelers from countries with sporadic dengue cases and countries with regional transmission tended to visit common destinations. By contrast, the travel footprints of visitors from countries with continuous dengue transmission were focused on non-green spaces. Entomological surveillance in Tokyo has been restricted to national parks since the 2014 dengue outbreak. However, our results indicate that areas subject to surveillance should include both public and private green spaces near tourist sites.
Deployment of a LoRaWAN network and evaluation of tracking devices in the context of smart cities
Authors: de Camargo Edson Tavares , Spanhol Fabio Alexandre , Castro e Souza Álvaro Ricieri
Published: October 2021

Recent public cooperation between the Federal University of Technology – Parana (UTFPR) and the Toledo Municipality plans to implement the concept of smart cities in this city. In this context, one of the applications under development intends to track the recyclable garbage collector trucks in real time over the Internet. Actually, fleet vehicle tracking is one of the main applications for smart cities. LoRaWAN stands out among network technologies for smart cities due to operating in an open frequency range, covering long distances with low power consumption and low equipment cost. However, the coverage and performance of LoRaWAN is directly affected by both the environment and configuration parameters. In addition, tracking devices must be able to send its coordinates to the Internet even when the vehicle goes through zones where there are obstacles for electromagnetic waves such as elevated buildings or valleys. In this paper we perform experimental investigations to evaluate four LoRaWAN tracking devices, two available out of the box and two assembled and programmed. The behavior of each tracking device is analyzed when moving at a constant speed through three representative urban areas totaling 10.71 km2. The two most efficient tracking devices are analyzed in a stretch of 3.5 km with speeds ranging from 0 to 30 km/h, 0 to 50 km/h and 0 to 100 km/h. Results include a quantitative and qualitative aspects, including the received signal strength indication (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), packet delivery ratio (PDR), and spreading factor (SF) for the received geographic coordinates. As the devices depend on the quality of the signal offered by the network, we also present the results of the development and evaluation of the LoRaWAN network, by planning its coverage throughout the city.
Establishment of porcine and monkey colonic organoids for drug toxicity study
Authors: Li Haonan , Wang Yalong , Zhang Mengxian , Wang Hong , Cui Along , Zhao Jianguo , Ji Weizhi , Chen Ye-Guang
Published: October 2021

Pig and monkey are widely used models for exploration of human diseases and evaluation of drug efficiency and toxicity, but high cost limits their uses. Organoids have been shown to be promising models for drug test as they reasonably preserve tissue structure and functions. However, colonic organoids of pig and monkey are not yet established. Here, we report a culture medium to support the growth of porcine and monkey colonic organoids. Wnt signaling and PGE2 are important for long-term expansion of the organoids, and their withdrawal results in lineage differentiation to mature cells. Furthermore, we observe that porcine colonic organoids are closer to human colonic organoids in terms of drug toxicity response. Successful establishment of porcine and monkey colonic organoids would facilitate the mechanistic investigation of the homeostatic regulation of the intestine of these animals and is useful for drug development and toxicity studies.
On a class of boundary value problems under ABC fractional derivative
Authors: Gul Rozi , Shah Kamal , Khan Zareen A. , Jarad Fahd
Published: October 2021

In this work, we establish some necessary results about existence theory to a class of boundary value problems (BVPs) of hybrid fractional differential equations (HFDEs) in the frame of Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo (ABC) fractional derivative. Making use of Krasnoselskii and Banach theorems, we obtain the required conditions. Some appropriate results of Hyers–Ulam (H–U) stability corresponding to the considered problem are also established. Also a pertinent example is given to demonstrate the results.
Surgical outcomes of patients after treatment of ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms: “real-world” evidence from southern Thailand
Authors: Sungkaro Kanisorn , Tunthanathip Thara , Taweesomboonyat Chin , Kaewborisutsakul Anukoon
Published: October 2021

Background

Anterior communicating artery (AComA) aneurysm rupture is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage worldwide. In this study, we aimed to determine the factors associated with a poor clinical outcome in patients with ruptured AComA aneurysms undergoing microsurgical clipping.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiologic features as well as clinical outcomes of 150 consecutive patients with ruptured AComA aneurysm who underwent surgical clipping during the 11-year study period. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes (defined as a modified Rankin scale score of 3–6).

Results

The study included 83 male and 67 female patients, with a mean age of 51.3 ± 11.5 years. At admission, most of the patients had good neurological status, including 97 (64.7%) patients with a Hunt and Hess grade of 1 or 2 and 109 (72.6%) patients with a World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade of 1 or 2. Unfavorable outcomes at 6 months were observed in 23 (22.0%) patients, and the 6-month mortality rate was 8.0%. Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative intraventricular hemorrhage (odds ratio [OR], 19.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.10–75.80; P < 0.001), A1 hypoplasia (OR, 8.90; 95% CI, 2.82–28.04; P < 0.001), and postoperative cerebral infarction (OR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.16–8.88; P = 0.025) were strong independent risk factors for unfavorable outcomes.

Conclusions

Proper management of preoperative intraventricular hemorrhage, A1 hypoplasia, and intensive care for postoperative brain infarction are warranted for improved surgical outcomes in patients with ruptured AComA aneurysm undergoing surgical clipping.
Receptor tyrosine kinases as a therapeutic target by natural compounds in cancer treatment
Authors: Balogun Toheeb A. , Ige Oluwasegun M. , Alausa Abdullahi O. , Onyeani Chijioke O. , Tiamiyu Zainab A. , Omoboyowa Damilola A. , Saibu Oluwatosin A. , Abdullateef Olayemi T.
Published: October 2021

Background

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are single-pass transmembrane proteins that play significant roles in regulating cellular processes, including cell division and growth. Overexpression and mutations of RTKs have been found in clinical manifestations of different forms of cancer. Therefore, RTKs have received considerable interest as a therapeutic biomarker in the treatment of cancer cells.

Main body of the abstract

Comprehensive data on RTKs, pharmacological and biological properties of natural compounds were systematically searched up to 2021 using relevant keywords from various databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The scientific search by various standard electronic resources and databases unveils the effectiveness of medicinal plants in the treatment of various cancers. In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, and many others can be used pharmacologically as RTKs inhibitors (RTKI) either by competing with ATP at the ATP binding site of the tyrosine kinase domain or competing for the receptor extracellular domain. Additionally, studies conducted on animal models indicated that inhibition of RTKs catalytic activity by natural compounds is one of the most effective ways to block the activation of RTKs signaling cascades, thereby hampering the proliferation of cancer cells. Furthermore, various pharmacological experiments, transcriptomic, and proteomic data also reported that cancer cells treated with different plants extracts or isolated phytochemicals exhibited better anticancer properties with minimal side effects than synthetic drugs. Clinically, natural compounds have demonstrated significant anti-proliferative effect via induction of cell apoptosis in cancer cell lines.

Short conclusion

An in-depth knowledge of the mechanism of inhibition and structural characterization of RTKs is important to the design of novel and selective RTKIs. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms and structures of natural compounds RTKI targeting vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin receptor, and platelet-derived growth factor while also giving future directions to ameliorate the scientific burden of cancer.

Graphic abstract