bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acupuncture for Primary Osteoporosis: Evidence, Potential Treatment Prescriptions, and Mechanisms
Authors: Lin Haixiong , Wang Xiaotong , Mo Yingjie , Lin Chunni , Xu Nenggui , Huang Feng , Chen Yongjun
Published: June 2019

Many clinical trials and meta-analyses related to acupuncture for osteoporosis (OP) have been published. However, identifying the evidence from these studies still remains a challenge for acupuncturists. We conducted a systematic search of the Chinese Biomedical Medicine (CBM), VIP Database, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, Springer, Cochrane Library, and Embase to identify relevant trials, systematic reviews, and/or meta-analyses up to October 31, 2018. Data were extracted to assess the methodological quality using Veritas plots and to explore potential acupuncture prescriptions using the Traditional Chinese Medicine inheritance support system (TCMISS). In addition, potential mechanisms of core acupoints identified by data mining were summarized based on published studies. A total of 218 clinical trials and ten meta-analyses were included, involving 212 acupuncture prescriptions, 102 acupoints, 13 meridians, three extra meridians, and one Ashi point. The mean Veritas score of publication year, type of study, Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, heterogeneity, and publication bias were 5.5, 7.2, 6, 5.6, 5.8, and 7.5, respectively. The study of Pan et al. received the highest Veritas score of 8.67 points. The most frequently used meridian was BL. Acupoint combinations BL23 and BL20, BL23 and GV4, and BL23 and ST36 were used frequently. The core acupoints association networks were acupoints BL23, BL20, ST36, GV4, SP6, CV4, and KI3. The potential mechanisms of core acupoints involved upregulated expression of members in OPG/RANKL, Wnt/β-catenin, and MAPK pathways, such as LRP5, β-catenin, Runx2, and OPG. In conclusion, our Veritas plots enable acupuncturists to evaluate key attributes of meta-analysis quality related to acupuncture for primary OP and to improve the quality of evidence-based medicine relating to acupuncture. Data mining analysis revealed an association network of meridians, acupoint combinations, core acupoints, and the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture for primary OP.
A Review of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in terms of Sources, Applications, Human Exposure, Dietary Intake, Toxicity, Legal Regulation, and Methods of Determination
Authors: Sznajder-Katarzyńska Katarzyna , Surma Magdalena , Cieślik Iwona
Published: June 2019

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely distributed across the world and are expected to be of concern to human health and the environment. The review focuses on perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and, in particular, on the most frequently discussed perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs). In this study, some basic information concerning PFASs is reviewed, focusing mainly on PFAAs (perfluoroalkyl acids). We have made efforts to systemize their division into groups according to chemical structure, describe their basic physicochemical properties, characterize production technologies, and determine potential human exposure routes with particular reference to oral exposure. A variety of possible toxicological effects to human health are also discussed. In response to increasing public concern about the toxicity of PFAAs, an evaluation of dietary intake has been undertaken for two of the most commonly known PFAAs: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). As summarized in this study, PFAAs levels need further assessment due to the science-based TWI standards laid down by the EFSA’s CONTAM Panel regarding the risk to human health posed by the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food (tolerable weekly intakes of PFOA and PFOS set up to 6 ng·kg−1·bw·week−1 and 13 ng·kg−1·bw·week−1, respectively). Current legislation, relevant legislation on PFAAs levels in food, and the most popular methods of analysis in food matrices are described.
α-1-Acid Glycoprotein Concentration as an Outcome Predictor in Adult Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Hsiao Sheng-Yuan , Lai Yun-Ru , Kung Chia-Te , Tsai Nai-Wen , Su Chih-Min , Huang Chih-Cheng , Wang Hung-Chen , Cheng Ben-Chung , Su Yu-Jih , Lin Wei-Che , Chiang Yi-Fang , Ko Jih-Yang , Lu Cheng-Hsien
Published: June 2019

Background. α-1-Acid glycoprotein (AGP) is an acute-phase protein that plays a role in first-line defense against infection and is therefore elevated in sepsis. We tested the hypothesis that AGP levels increase initially in sepsis and decrease after antimicrobial therapy and that these levels may predict treatment outcomes. Methods. AGP, biomarkers widely used in clinical practice, and maximum 24-h acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE)-II scores upon emergency department (ED) admission were prospectively evaluated and compared. We further examined changes in AGP concentrations 1, 4, and 7 days after admission and determined the value of AGP that may be used to accurately and reliably predict the prognosis in patients with sepsis. Results. Mechanical ventilation, white blood cell (WBC) counts, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate levels, maximum 24-h APACHE-II scores, and AGP concentrations were significantly higher upon admission in patients with sepsis who died. AGP and lactate concentrations were also significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors on days 1, 4, and 7. As indicated by the stepwise logistic regression model analysis and area under the curve analysis, AGP was the best prognostic indicator, and the cut-off value for predicting fatality was 1307 μg/mL, and any increase 1-ng/mL in AGP concentration would increase the fatality rate by 0.5%. Conclusion. Based on our observations, AGP may be a good prognostic predictor in patients with sepsis. In addition, serial AGP levels meet the requirements for predicting outcomes in patients with sepsis.
In VitroEvaluation of the Biological Availability of Hyaluronic Acid Polyethylene Glycols-Cross-Linked Hydrogels to Bovine Testes Hyaluronidase
Authors: Zerbinati N. , Mocchi R. , Galadari H. , Maccario C. , Maggi M. , Rauso R. , Passi A. , Esposito C. , Sommatis S.
Published: June 2019

During last years, hyaluronic acid- (HA-) based dermal fillers have grown rapidly and continuously, as reported by the American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS). In fact, HA fillers are considered the gold standard technique for soft tissue augmentation, deep skin hydration, and facial recontouring, playing a key role as an alternative to plastic surgery. HA fillers are less invasive, more biocompatible, and safer and with a more natural and immediate result if compared to plastic surgery. Hence, the safety of HA-based dermal fillers plays a crucial role, mostly in terms of biocompatibility and adjustability in case of unpleasant results and side effects such as, tyndall effect, edema, or granulomas. Hyaluronidase is a naturally occurring enzyme, present in the human body, and can degrade HA fillers avoiding more severe complications. In this article, we analyzed the bioavailability of hyaluronidase degradation of five fillers of Neauvia® hydrogels line (MatexLab SA, Lugano, CH), composed of pure hyaluronic acid and based on PEGDE cross-linking (polyethylene glycol) technology that guarantees a higher biocompatibility and an optimal biointegration and rheological characteristics. The performedin vitrotesting is based on the colorimetric determination of the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG) present in solution after incubation with hyaluronidase, determined at different time points in order to assess the kinetic of each product degradation (1h, 3h, 6h, 24h, 48h, 72h, 120h, and 168h). The aim of this study was to assess,in vitro,how the difference in HA content and PEGDE concentration of the analyzed fillers can influence the product biocompatibility, intended as product enzymatic clearance and duration in time. The results demonstrated that the method was reproducible and easy to perform and that all the analyzed fillers are naturally immediately available for hyaluronidase-mediated degradation.
The Effect of 600 mg Alpha-lipoic Acid Supplementation on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and RAGE in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mendoza-Núñez Víctor Manuel , García-Martínez Beatriz Isabel , Rosado-Pérez Juana , Santiago-Osorio Edelmiro , Pedraza-Chaverri José , Hernández-Abad Vicente Jesús
Published: June 2019

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) has been used as a dietary supplement at different doses in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic effects. However, the reports on the effects of ALA are controversial. For this reason, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of 600 mg/day of ALA on the markers of oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation and RAGE in older adults with T2DM. A quasiexperimental study was carried out with a sample of 135 sedentary subjects (98 women and 37 men) with a mean age of64±1years, who all had T2DM. The sample was divided into three groups: (i) experimental group (EG) with 50 subjects, (ii) placebo group (PG) with 50 subjects, and control group (CG) with 35 subjects. We obtained the following measurements in all subjects (pre- and posttreatment): glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), 8-isoprostane, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant status (TAS), and inflammatory (CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) markers. Regarding the effect of ALA on HbA1c, a decrease was observed in the EG (baseline8.9±0.2vs. posttreatment8.6±0.3) and the PG (baseline8.8±0.2vs. posttreatment8.4±0.3) compared to the CG (baseline8.8±0.3vs. six months9.1±0.3) although the difference was not statistically significant (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in the blood concentration of 8-isoprostane in the EG and PG with respect to the CG (EG: baseline100±3vs. posttreatment57±3, PG: baseline106±7vs. posttreatment77±5, and CG: baseline94±10vs. six months107±11pg/mL). Likewise, a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in the concentration of the RAGE was found in the EG (baseline1636±88vs. posttreatment1144±68) and the PG (baseline1506±97vs. posttreatment1016±82) compared to CG (baseline1407±112vs. six months1506±128). A statistically significant decrease was also observed in all markers of inflammation and in the activity of SOD and GPx in the CG with respect to the EG and PG. Our findings suggest that the administration of ALA at a dose of 600 mg/day for six months has a similar effect to that of placebo on oxidative stress, inflammation, and RAGE in older adults with T2DM. Therefore, higher doses of ALA should be tried to have this effect. This trial is registered with trial registration numberISRCTN13159380.
LncRNA FEZF1-AS1 Promotes TGF-β2-Mediated Proliferation and Migration in Human Lens Epithelial Cells SRA01/04
Authors: Wang Yong , Chen Lili , Gu Yonghui , Wang Ying , Yuan You , Zhu Qiujian , Bi Mingchao , Gu Shuyan
Published: June 2019

Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a common complication after cataract surgery attributed to the proliferation and migration of postoperative residual lens epithelial cells (LECs). The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) FEZ family zinc finger 1 antisense RNA 1 (FEZF1-AS1) promotes the proliferation and migration of multiple types of cancer cells. Here, we discovered that FEZF1-AS1 is markedly upregulated in TGF-β2-treated SRA01/04 cells. In addition, the proliferation and migration of SRA01/04 cells were enhanced following TGF-β2 treatment. FEZF1-AS1 knockdown inhibited the TGF-β2-induced proliferation and migration of SRA01/04 cells. Accordingly, FEZF1-AS1 overexpression promoted the TGF-β2-induced proliferation and migration of SRA01/04 cells. Finally, FEZF1-AS1 upregulated TGF-β2-induced SRA01/04 cell proliferation and migration via boosting FEZF1 protein levels. Our findings indicate that the dysregulation of FEZF1-AS1 participates in the TGF-β2-induced proliferation and migration of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs), which might be achieved, at least in part, through the induction of FEZF1 expression.
The Immunological Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Characteristics of Children in Tajikistan Republic
Authors: Khodzhaeva Nighina M. , Baranova Alla M. , Tokmalaev Anatoly K.
Published: June 2019

The epidemiological situation in Tajikistan Republic deteriorated in the 1990s, when an influx of refugees from Afghanistan resulted in mass importation of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria to Khatlon region. The National Programme of Malaria Control was successful and malaria transmission was interrupted in 2009. Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of immunological response in Tajik children with tropical Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Materials and Methods. We examined 124 patients with P. falciparum malaria at the age of 6 months up to 14 years that were hospitalized in Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital in Dushanbe city and in Regional hospital of Khatlon region in the period 2000-2007. In most cases, they were school-age children (56%). The peak incidence was recorded in July-October. Verification of the diagnosis was based on clinical, epidemiological data, and the results of blood microscopy. In all patients, along with the standard, clinical, and laboratory tests, a number of indicators of the immune status were performed that include the T-immunity, the content of serum immunoglobulins of three main classes, the level of circulating immune complexes (CIC), C3 complement, and the concentration of key serum cytokines that have been studied in the dynamics of infectious process. Finding. The study of cellular and humoral immunity in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria is an obvious additional criterion in assessing the severity of infection. The imbalance of cytokine profile is an important pathogenic factor in the development of severe and recurrent forms of the disease, since the formation of a defective immune response to parasitic antigens contributes to adverse outcomes. Conclusions. Plasmodium falciparum malaria was characterized by depression of cellular and humoral immunity, the degree of which depended on the severity of the pathological process.
The Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Morbid Events in Type 2 Diabetes after a 7-Year Community Management: Beijing Community Diabetes Study 17
Authors: Yang Guang-Ran , Yuan Ming-Xia , Fu Han-Jing , Wan Gang , Li Dongmei , Dye Timothy D. , Zhu Liang-Xiang , Xie Rong-Rong , Lv Yu-Jie , Zhang Jian-Dong , Du Xue-Ping , Li Yu-Ling , Ji Yu , Li Yue , Cui Xue-Li , Wang Zi-Ming , Cheng Shu-Yan , Liu De-Yuan , Wang Qian , Zhou Li , Gao Ying , Yuan Shen-Yuan
Published: June 2019

Background. To examine the association between morbid events and metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. A prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study was conducted at 13 community health centers associated with Beijing Tongren Hospital. From 2008 to 2015, there have been 3,525 T2DM patients being managed based on the Chinese guideline for T2DM. The morbid events included macrovascular events, diabetic kidney disease, ophthalmologic events, cancer, and all-cause death. Results. At baseline, there were 2,708 people with MS and 817 without MS. After a seven-year management, there were 351 (12.96%) events in MS people and 74 (9.06%) events in people without MS (p=0.003). The prevalence of macrovascular events (6.06%) was much higher in MS people than in people without MS (3.79%, p=0.013). Cox regression analysis showed an association between MS and morbid events even after adjusting for confounding variables (adjusted hazard ratio=1.44). MS was also associated with macrovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio=1.96). The occurrence of morbid events and macrovascular events was increased when the numbers of metabolic abnormalities were 1, 2, 3, and 4 (p<0.001). There was no continuously statistically significant difference in the cumulative prevalence of morbid events between patients with MS and patients without MS during the first five years. However, after six or seven years, the cumulative prevalence of morbid events in patients with MS was continuously significantly higher than that in patients without MS (11.00% vs. 8.20%, 12.96% vs. 9.06%, p<0.05). Conclusions. T2DM with MS had higher incidence of morbid events, especially cardiovascular events, even after integrated management. The occurrence of morbid and macrovascular events increased as the number of metabolic abnormalities increased. MS was associated with increased risk of morbid events by 44% and macrovascular events by 96%. It would take at least six years to observe the association between MS and morbid events in T2DM.
FuFangChangTai Decoction Activates Macrophages via Inducing Autophagy
Authors: Li Lingchang , Wang Haiyan , Qian Jun , Wei Guoli , Ding Rong , Hu Canhong , Fang Dong , Jiang Ziyu , Bi Lei , Song Jie , Ma Jun , Qin Fengxia , Huang Xiaofei , Cao Meng , Huo Jiege
Published: June 2019

The traditional Chinese medicine decoction FuFangChangTai (FFCT) has been used in the therapy of colon cancer clinically, yielding alleviated toxicity and enhanced immunity. In our previous study, FFCT exerted its antitumor activity not only by inducing apoptosis but also by activating autophagy to eliminate tumor cells. However, its mechanism is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between macrophages activation and FFCT-induced autophagy. Results showed that FFCT could induce autophagy in colon cancer, as demonstrated by increased level of intracellular autophagy marker LC3 II in CT26.WT cells by fluorescence microscope and western blot assay. FFCT also facilitated numbers of vesicular bodies with bilayer membrane in CT26.WT cells, which were indicative of autophagosomes formation. Autophagosomes secreted by FFCT-treated CT26.WT cells can activate M1 type macrophages, accompanied with increased expression of costimulatory molecules CD86 and CD40 on the surface of RAW264.7 cells, and more inflammatory cytokines secretion, such as TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-1β. mRNA expressions of M2 macrophages markers, such as IL-10, CD206, Arg-1, and FIZZ-1, were downregulated. And this process helps regulate the polarization of macrophages and promote the immune response. These findings support a mechanism of FFCT-induced autophagy and provide novel evidence demonstrating that macrophages are involved in FFCT-induced autophagy progression.
Preparation of Nano-Ag-TiO2 Composites by Co-60 Gamma Irradiation to Enhance the Photocurrent of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Huynh Le Thanh Nguyen , Le Viet Hai , Vo Thanh Long , Nguyen Thi Kim Lan , Nguyen Quoc Hien , Nguyen Thai Hoang
Published: June 2019

Nano-silver-titanium dioxide (Ag-TiO2) composites were prepared from commercial TiO2 (P25, Degussa) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) by gamma Co-60 irradiation method with various initial concentrations of AgNO3. The nano-AgTiO2 composites are utilized as the photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Under full sunlight illumination (1000 W/m2, AM 1.5), the efficiency of DSCs has improved significantly despite the Ag content of below 1%. The DSC—assembled with 0.75 Ag-TiO2 (0.75% Ag) photoanode—showed that the photocurrent was significantly enhanced from 8.1 mA.cm−2 to 9.5 mA.cm−2 compared to the DSCs using bared TiO2 photoanode. The unchanged open-circuit voltage resulted in the overall energy conversion efficiency to be increased by 25% from 3.75% to 4.86%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis showed that the charge transfer resistance is reduced when increasing Ag content, demonstrating that the charge transfer at TiO2/dye interface was enhanced in the presence of silver nanoparticles.
Resolution of Abfraction-Associated Gingival Fenestration Utilizing Connective Tissue Grafting
Authors: Haskell Braydon , Stern J. Kobi , Ghiassi Jordan , Kurialacherry Andrew , Gaud-Quintana Sadja , Peacock Mark E.
Published: June 2019

Introduction. Gingival fenestration (GF) is a distinct clinical entity of uncertain etiology that is seldom documented in the literature. It has been associated mainly with submucosal mechanical irritants such as calculus that subsequently create an opening in the oral soft tissue, usually at facial anterior sites. Surgical correction may be indicated to address functional and/or esthetic concerns. Case Presentation. The patient, a 74-year-old male, presented to the clinic with a chief complaint of “something is poking through my gum.” Clinical exam revealed a gingival fenestration on the facial of tooth #11, associated with what appeared to be a pronounced noncarious cervical lesion (NCCL). Surgical treatment consisted of a connective tissue graft and odontoplasty of the sharp protruding edge of the root surface. Healing was uneventful with excellent closure of the fenestration and no evidence of recurrence after 18 months of follow-up. Conclusion. GF is a perforation of the mucosa typically associated with underlying sharp mechanical etiology. This report describes a fenestration that developed from a probable abfractive lesion, which later was successfully closed and exhibits long-term stability.
Streptococcus gordonii: A Rare Cause of Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Mosailova Natalia , Truong Justina , Dietrich Tyson , Ashurst John
Published: June 2019

Infective endocarditis is a rare but life-threatening disease seen across the globe. Organisms from the oral cavity still represent a large proportion of pathogens seen in endocarditis and can be from either daily dental routines or invasive procedures. With the recent changes to antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis prior to dental procedures, the physician must have a heightened degree of suspicion when presented with a patient with undifferenced sepsis following dental procedures. The authors present a case of infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus gordonii after the drainage of a dental abscess.
MicroRNA Expression Profiling Screen miR-3557/324-Targeted CaMK/mTOR in the Rat Striatum of Parkinson’s Disease in Regular Aerobic Exercise
Authors: Liu Wenfeng , Li Li , Liu Shaopeng , Wang Zhiyuan , Kuang Heyu , Xia Yan , Tang Changfa , Yin Dazhong
Published: June 2019

This study aimed to screen the target miRNAs and to investigate the differential miR-3557/324-targeted signal mechanisms in the rats’ model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) with regular aerobic exercise. Rats were divided into sedentary control PD group (SED-PD, n = 18) and aerobic exercise PD group (EX-PD, n = 22). After 8 weeks of regular aerobic exercise, a 6-hydroxydopamine- (6-OHDA-) induced PD lesion model was constructed. Preregular aerobic exercises enhanced the injury resistance of rats with 6-OHDA-induced PD. The rotational behavior after injection of apomorphine hydrochloride was alleviated. Under the scanning electron microscopy, we found the neurons, axons, and villi of the striatum were clearly and tightly arranged, and neurons and axons significantly becoming larger. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was increased significantly and α-synuclein protein expression was reduced in the EX-PD group compared to the SED-PD group. Screening from miRNA microarray chip, we further found upregulation of miR-3557 and downregulation of miR-324 were closely related to the calcium-modulating signaling pathway, remitting the progress of Parkinson’s disease on aerobic exercise. Compared to the SED-PD group, Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMK2α) was upregulated, but CaMKV and voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (Vdac1) were significantly downregulated in the EX-PD group. Additionally, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression were activated, and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) expression was upregulated in the EX-PD group. Conclusions: the adaptive mechanism of regular aerobic exercise delaying neurodegenerative diseases and lesions was that miR-3557/324 was activated to regulate one of its targets CaMKs signaling pathways. CaMKs, coordinated with mTOR pathway-related gene expression, improved UCH-L1 level to favor for delaying neurodegeneration or improving the pathogenesis of PD lesions.
Short-Term Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated ReceptorsαandγInduces Tissue-Specific Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Fatty Acid Composition in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Strand Elin , Lysne Vegard , Grinna Mari Lausund , Bohov Pavol , Svardal Asbjørn , Nygård Ottar , Berge Rolf K. , Bjørndal Bodil
Published: June 2019

Dietary fatty acids (FAs) affect certain metabolic routes, including pathways controlled by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), but tissue-specific effects are not well-defined. Thus, the aim was to compare the metabolic response in hepatic, adipose, and cardiac tissues after treatment with specific PPAR agonists. Male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups: a control group receiving placebo (n=8); a PPARαagonist group receiving WY-14,643 (n=6); and a PPARγagonist group receiving rosiglitazone (n=6) for 12 days. All animals received a low-fat standard chow diet and were given a daily dose of placebo or agonist orally. Lipids and FA methyl esters were measured in plasma, liver, and heart and gene expression was measured in liver and adipose tissue, while enzyme activities were measured in liver. Treatment with the PPARαagonist was associated with higher liver mass relative to body weight (liver index), lower plasma, and hepatic total cholesterol, as well as lower plasma carnitine and acylcarnitines, compared with control. In heart, PPARαactivation leads to overall lower levels of free FAs and specific changes in certain FAs, compared with control. Furthermore,β-oxidation in liver and the enzymatic activities of well-known PPARαtargeted genes were higher following PPARαadministration. Overall, rats treated with the PPARαagonist had higher hepatic saturated FAs (SFAs) and monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) and lower n-6 and n-3 PUFAs, compared to control. Treatment with the PPARγagonist was associated with a lower liver index, lower plasma triglycerides (TAG) and phospholipids, and higher hepatic phospholipids, compared with control. PPARγtarget genes were increased specifically in adipose tissue. Moreover, lower total cardiac FAs and SFA and higher cardiac n-6 PUFA were also associated with PPARγactivation. Altogether, there were characteristic effects of PPARαactivation in liver and heart, as well as in plasma. PPARγeffects were not only confined to adipose tissue, but specific effects were also seen in liver, heart, and plasma. In conclusion, short-term treatment with PPAR agonists induced tissue-specific effects on FA composition in liver and heart. Moreover, both PPARαand PPARγactivation lowered plasma TAG and phospholipids, most likely through effects on liver and adipose tissue, respectively. In future studies we aim to reveal whether similar patterns can be found through diet-induced activation of specific pathways.
Detection of Human Microchimerism following Allogeneic Cell Transplantation Using Droplet Digital PCR
Authors: Lombard Catherine A. , Fabre Alexandre , Ambroise Jérôme , Ravau Joachim , André Floriane , Jazouli Nawal , Najimi Mustapha , Stéphenne Xavier , Smets Françoise , Vaerman Jean-Luc , Sokal Etienne M.
Published: June 2019

Background. Cell transplantation is in clinical development for the treatment of various ailments including acquired and inborn hepatic diseases. Detection and quantification of the donor cells after infusion remain difficult. Traditional methods (sex-based FISH, HLA mismatch, and Short Tandem Repeat PCR) can only achieve low levels of sensitivity (1%) and therefore are seldom used. The use of a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay based on mismatch of null alleles is a promising alternative. Methods. We selected genes with a high frequency of null genotype in the general population (SRY, RHD, TRY6, LEC3C, GSTM1, and GSTT1) and investigated their expression by liver progenitor cell donors and liver cell therapy recipients, in order to identify genes of interest for each donor/recipient couple. We first validated the detection of microchimerism by ddPCR and then used these assays to detect and quantify microchimerism in pre- and postinfusion liver biopsies. Results. We validated the ddPCR detection of the selected genes based on linearity, precision, lack of inhibition, and accuracy, and we established limits of blank, limits of detection, and limits of quantification to ensure the reliability of the results. After genotyping donors and recipients, we were able to identify at least one gene of interest for each donor/recipient couple. We detected donor cells in the three patients posttransplantation. However, analysis of several biopsies taken at the same timepoint revealed a heterogeneous cell distribution. In addition, the values obtained remained below the limit of quantification. Therefore, the actual quantification of microchimerism may not be entirely accurate. Conclusions. Overall, our study demonstrates that the detection of microchimerism post-liver cell transplantation can be performed using ddPCR amplification of null allele genes expressed by the donor but absent from the recipient. However, this technique can be extended to other cell types and target organs in cell transplantation.
Increasing the Hydraulic Conductivity of Solidified Sewage Sludge for Use as Temporary Landfill Cover
Authors: Fan Xihui , Zhu Wei , Qian Yongjin , Wu Siling , Shu Shi , Lin Naixi
Published: June 2019

Using sewage sludge as temporary cover for landfills is one of the most effective methods to dispose sludge. The mechanical properties of solidified sludge usually meet the requirements for temporary landfill cover, but its low permeability can cause problems due to formation of perched leachate. This study focused on the effect of solidification and remolding on hydraulic conductivity of sludge and conducted permeability tests on sludge solidified by using either ordinary Portland cement (OPC) or sulphoaluminate cement (SAC). The related pore structure and aggregate size distribution were analyzed later by the mercury intrusion pressure (MIP) method and soil water characteristic cure (SWCC) method. The experiment results show that the hydraulic conductivity of solidified sludge was in the range of 10−7∼10−6 cm/s. When sludge is solidified with an SAC dosage >40% and remolded after curing for 7 days, its hydraulic conductivity increases sufficiently to the order of 10−4 cm/s. The trend for solidified sludge exhibited a power function relation between the logarithmic hydraulic conductivity and the proportion of macropores. Overall, it can be concluded that the increase of hydraulic conductivity is attributed to the development of an aggregate structure, with water being transmitted mainly through the interaggregate pores; therefore, the sludge could be used as temporary landfill cover.
Comparability of Self-Ratings and Observer Ratings in Occupational Psychosocial Risk Assessments: Is There Agreement?
Authors: Schneider Isabell , Mädler Martin , Lang Jessica
Published: June 2019

Objective. The suitability of self-ratings and observer ratings within organisational management approaches is controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the degree of agreement between self-rated and observer-rated occupational psychosocial demands. The comparison took place within a work-activity and not worker-centred assessment, according to official policies for psychosocial risk assessment. Through simultaneous application of two versions of the same instrument, we aimed to reduce the rating bias to a minimum demonstrating the suitability of self-ratings and observer ratings in companies of all kinds. Methods. A multimethod online assessment of 22 different work activities was conducted in Germany from October 2016 to October 2017. Workers (self-ratings) and occupational safety and health (OSH) committees (observer ratings) rated the occupational psychosocial risks of each activity with the same instrument (N = 669). The instrument measured psychosocial risk conditions at work. Reliability and agreement indices were computed. Results. The within-group agreement (WGA; rwg,mean =  .42) of the workers’ self-ratings was good for each psychosocial risk and the interrater reliability (IRR) was excellent on average (ICC 2 =  .77) with a medium effect size of ICC 1 =  .15. The interrater agreement (IRA) between the two groups varied across the activities depending on rating group and activity composition (from ICCunjust,mean =  .39 to ICCunjust,mean =  .86) but was good to excellent on average (ICCunjust,mean =  .71). Conclusion. The reasonable agreement and excellent reliability in workers’ self-ratings justify aggregation of item means at the group level. Furthermore, if the work activities are homogenous and the committee consists of members from different OSH specialties, observer ratings and self-ratings provide comparable results. According to this study’s results, both methods are reliable assessment strategies in the context of psychosocial risk assessment. The observer rating approach is especially suitable for small-to-medium enterprises that do not have access to a large anonymous survey assessment.
A Leap-Frog Finite Difference Method for Strongly Coupled System from Sweat Transport in Porous Textile Media
Authors: Zhang Qian , Huang Chao
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we present an uncoupled leap-frog finite difference method for the system of equations arising from sweat transport through porous textile media. Based on physical mechanisms, the sweat transport can be viewed as the multicomponent flow that coupled the heat and moisture transfer, such that the system is nonlinear and strongly coupled. The leap-frog method is proposed to solve this system, with the second order accuracy in both spatial and temporal directions. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the system with optimal error estimates in the discrete L2 norm. Numerical simulations are presented and analyzed, respectively.
Comparison of Simulations of Updraft Mass Fluxes and Their Response to Increasing Aerosol Concentration between a Bin Scheme and a Bulk Scheme in a Deep-Convective Cloud System
Authors: Lee Seoung Soo , Jung Chang-Hoon , Chiao Sen , Um Junshik , Choi Yong-Sang , Choi Won Jun
Published: June 2019

Key microphysical processes whose parameterizations have substantial impacts on the simulation of updraft mass fluxes and their response to aerosol are investigated in this study. For this investigation, comparisons of these parameterizations are made between a bin scheme and a bulk scheme. These comparisons show that the differences in the prediction of cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) between the two schemes determine whether aerosol-induced invigoration of updrafts or convection occurs. While the CDNC prediction leads to aerosol-induced invigoration of updrafts and an associated 20% increase in the peak value of the updraft-mass-flux vertical profile in the bin scheme, it leads to aerosol-induced suppression of updrafts and an associated 7% decrease in the peak value in the bulk scheme. The comparison also shows that the differences in ice processes, in particular, in the snow loading lead to the different vertical patterns of the updraft-mass-flux profile, which is represented by the peak value and its altitude, between the schemes. Higher loading of snow leads to around 20–30% higher mean peak value and its around 40% higher altitude in the bin scheme than in the bulk scheme. When differences in the CDNC prediction and ice processes are removed, differences in the invigoration and the vertical pattern disappear between the schemes. However, despite this removal, differences in the magnitude of updraft mass fluxes still remain between the schemes. Associated with this, the peak value is around 10% different between the schemes. Also, after the removal, there are differences in the magnitude between cases with different aerosol concentrations for each scheme. Associated with this, the peak value is also around 10% different between those cases for each scheme. The differences between the cases with different aerosol concentrations for each scheme are generated by different evaporative cooling and different intensity of gust fronts between those cases. The remaining differences between the schemes are generated by different treatments of collection and sedimentation processes.
Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocyte-Like Cells as Model for Viral Hepatitis Research
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Qu Bingqian , Zhang Fang , Zhang Cindy , Deng Wanyan , Dao Thi Viet Loan , Xia Yuchen
Published: June 2019

Viral hepatitis, the leading cause of liver diseases worldwide, is induced upon infection with hepatotropic viruses, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E virus. Due to their obligate intracellular lifestyles, culture systems for efficient viral replication are vital. Although basic and translational research on viral hepatitis has been performed for many years, conventional hepatocellular culture systems are not optimal. These studies have greatly benefited from recent efforts on improving cell culture models for virus replication and infection studies. Here we summarize the use of human stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells for hepatotropic virus infection studies, including the dissection of virus-host interactions and virus-induced pathogenesis as well as the identification and validation of novel antiviral agents.
Vorinostat Potentiates 5-Fluorouracil/Cisplatin Combination by Inhibiting Chemotherapy-Induced EGFR Nuclear Translocation and Increasing Cisplatin Uptake
Authors: Piro Geny , Roca Maria Serena , Bruzzese Francesca , Carbone Carmine , Iannelli Federica , Leone Alessandra , Volpe Maria Grazia , Budillon Alfredo , Di Gennaro Elena
Published: June 2019

The 5-fluorouracil/cisplatin (5FU/CDDP) combination is one of the most widely used treatment options for several solid tumors. However, despite good anticancer responses, this regimen is often associated with high toxicity and treatment resistance. In our study, we evaluated whether the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), vorinostat, may induce synergistic antitumor and proapoptotic effects in combination with 5FU/CDDP in squamous cancer cell models. We demonstrated in cancer cell lines, including the intrinsic CDDP-resistant Cal27 cells, that simultaneous exposure to equitoxic doses of vorinostat plus 5FU/CDDP results in strong synergistic antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects related to cell-cycle perturbation and DNA damage induction. These effects were confirmed in vivo in both orthotopic and heterotopic xenograft mouse models of Cal27 cells. Mechanistically, vorinostat reverted 5FU/CDDP-induced EGFR phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, leading to the impairment of nuclear EGFR noncanonical induction of genes such as thymidylate synthase and cyclin D1. These effects were exerted by vorinostat, at least in part, by increasing lysosomal-mediated EGFR protein degradation. Moreover, vorinostat increased platinum uptake and platinated DNA levels by transcriptionally upregulating the CDDP influx channel copper transporter 1 (CTR1). Overall, to our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the ability of vorinostat to inhibit two well-known mechanisms of CDDP resistance, EGFR nuclear translocation and CTR1 overexpression, adding new insight into the mechanism of the synergistic interaction between HDACi- and CDDP-based chemotherapy and providing the rationale to clinically explore this combination to overcome dose-limiting toxicity and chemotherapy resistance.
Routine Prophylactic Central Neck Dissection May Not Obviously Reduce Lateral Neck Recurrence for Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Authors: Xu Siyuan , Liu Wensheng , Zhang Zongmin , Liu Yang , Xu Zhengang , Liu Jie
Published: June 2019

Background: The role of routine prophylactic central compartment neck dissection (pCCND) for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) remains controversial. The lateral neck recurrence-free survival (LRFS) advantages achieved by pCCND are still under investigation. Methods: The records of 2,074 consecutive patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) at the time of surgery from 1996 to 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 611 consecutive patients were included in the final analyses. We used R version 3.5.1 to match patients with total thyroidectomy (TT)/lobectomy + pCCND with patients with TT/lobectomy alone and analyzed the following factors with a potential influence: age at diagnosis, sex, extrathyroid extension, and primary tumor multifocality and bilaterality. LRFS was analyzed. Moreover, the data were reanalyzed after separating the pairs of patients with pN1a from those with pN0. Results: We were able to select 159 pairs sharing the major prognostic risk factors as listed. Overall, there was no difference in the LRFS, although patients with pCCND more often had recurrence. Moreover, the central lymph node metastasis status had no significant influence on the risk of recurrence. Conclusion: Routine pCCND was not a protective factor for LRFS in PTMC patients with cN0. The difference in LRFS between pN0 and pN1a was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Structural/Functional Properties of the Thoracic Ascending Aorta: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Kwon Younghoon , Logan Jeongok , Redline Susan , Duprez Daniel , Jacobs Jr. David R. , Ouyang Pamela , Hundley W. Greg , Lima Joao , Bluemke David A. , Lutsey Pamela L.
Published: June 2019

Background: Structural and functional properties of the proximal thoracic aorta have important implications in clinical and subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with proximal aortic size and aortic stiffness in a multi-ethnic community-based cohort. Methods: The sample included the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Sleep Ancillary study participants without known CVD who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The main exposure variable was OSA severity based on the polysomnography-derived apnea hypopnea index (AHI; normal, AHI <5/h; mild, 5≤ AHI <15/h; moderate to severe, AHI ≥15/h). The study outcomes were ascending aortic diameter (AoD, cm), aortic pulse wave velocity (AoPWV, m/s), and ascending aortic distensibility (AAD, %/mm Hg). Analyses were performed in the overall sample and in sex-specific strata, adjusted for multiple potential confounders. Results: The 708 participants were 55.9% female and on average 68 years old (54–93 years). There was a significant trend (p < 0.0001) of greater mean (SD) AoD across the three OSA groups: normal (n = 87), 3.13 cm (0.35); mild (n = 215), 3.25 (0.34); moderate to severe (n = 406), 3.37 (0.36). In adjusted analysis, participants with moderate to severe OSA had a greater mean AoD compared with the normal group: adjusted mean difference (95% CI), 0.12 cm (0.05, 0.20), p = 0.002. This AoD gradient was observed in women but not in men (p for interaction = 0.02). No differences were found in AoPWV or AAD among the OSA groups. Conclusion: In a diverse community-based cohort, moderate to severe OSA (vs. no OSA) was associated with a larger ascending AoD in women.
Diffuse Coronary Artery Fistula Leading to Syncope and Treated with Transcatheter Coil Occlusion and a Defibrillator: A Case Report
Authors: Meric Murat , Yuksel Serkan
Published: June 2019

Objectives: Coronary artery fistulas connecting coronary arteries to cardiac cavities are rare but clinically significant anomalies. Clinical Presentation and Intervention: A 47-year-old male patient presented with syncope. Left ventricular dysfunction was detected on echocardiography. Extensive coronary fistulas draining into the left ventricle were found on coronary angiography. Ventricular fibrillation was induced on electrophysiology study. Because of the induction of ventricular fibrillation, extensive fistulas, and presence of other risk factors, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator was implanted. After the detection of ischemia by nuclear scanning, microcoil occlusion of the fistula was performed. Conclusion: The present case describes extensive fistulas complicated with fatal ventricular arrhythmias due to ischemia and left ventricle dysfunction. A cardioverter defibrillator was implanted to prevent sudden cardiac death.
3D WrapTM Ultra-Widefield Reconstruction in Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Choroidal Melanoma
Authors: Cicinelli Maria Vittoria , Marchese Alessandro , Bandello Francesco , Modorati Giulio Maria
Published: June 2019

Choroidal melanoma (CM) is the most commonly diagnosed primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKR) has demonstrated reliable results in the treatment of CM, but it is limited by the risk of radiation-induced ocular complications. To optimize the dose of radiation focused on the tumor, and limit side effects, the eye should be properly immobilized before treatment. A recently released ultra-widefield imaging instrument (Optomap California; Optos, Dunfermline, Scotland, UK) allows for an interactive three-dimensional (3D) virtual reconstruction of the globe, called 3D WrapTM. The authors share their experience with this rapid, reliable, and relatively easy support in planning globe positioning before GKR treatment.
Inhibitory Effects of Bacteriophage Preparations on Adenoviral Replication
Authors: Przybylski Maciej , Dzieciątkowski Tomasz , Borysowski Jan , Międzybrodzki Ryszard , Górski Andrzej
Published: June 2019

Background/Aims: Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses of bacteria. Escherichia coli phage (T4) can potentially interfere with adsorption of HAdV-5 to cellular integrins by its KGD motif, while staphylococcal A5/80 phage does not possess this structure. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of T4 and A5/80 phage preparations on type 5 human adenovirus (HAdV-5) DNA synthesis and the expression of HAdV-5 genes. Methods: Experiments were performed on the A549 cell line. HAdV-5 DNA synthesis was investigated with real-time PCR. Expression of HAdV-5 early (DBP) and late (hexon) genes was determined by quantitative real-time PCR in preincubation and coincubation experiments. Results: While both phage preparations significantly reduced the expression of HAdV-5 genes, synthesis of HAdV-5 DNA was inhibited only by T4. Conclusion: Phage preparations show promise as novel antiviral agents. However, further studies are required to investigate their antiviral effects.