bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Racial disparities in oncology clinical trials.
Authors: Desai Devashish , Hlaing Swe Swe , Goyal Aakash , Keogh Alan
Published: September 2022

356

Background: Healthcare disparities exist in patients living with cancer which could be due to age, sex, race or sociodemographic variables. This study was undertaken to analyze the racial representation in oncology clinical trial study population of selected cancers over a period of 13 years. Methods: ClinicalTrials.gov was utilized for data collection. Clinical trials in 4 major cancers were filtered using the following criteria in advanced search: Disease, Study type: Interventional (Clinical trial), Study results: Studies with results, Status: Completed, Location: United States, Phase: 3 or 4, Last updated: 01/01/2009 to 01/01/2022. Prostate Cancer (PC), Colorectal Cancer (CRC), Breast Cancer (BC), and Lung Cancer (LC) were included in the study. Data were collected in an Excel spreadsheet and descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Comparison of racial representation was made with the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER) 2019 data for respective cancers. Results: 165 (52.21%) studies out of 316 studies, which met inclusion criteria, were disclosing racial demographic data. Breaking down into respective cancers, PC had 57.69%, LC had 59.04%, CRC had 44.12%, and BC had 46.28% clinical trials with racial demographic data. Table shows detailed racial demographic data of cancers included with comparison to SEER’s incidence data. Whites/Caucasians (Whites) were the most common race in all the cancer trials, followed by Asian/Pacific Islanders (API) in LC, CRC and BC while Blacks/African Americans (AA) being second common in PC. American Indians/Alaskan Natives (AI/AN) were least represented in all the cancer trials. In comparison to SEER’s 2019 incidence data AA and AI/AN were under-represented in all the included cancer trials, while Whites were over-represented. Conclusions: It is prudent to address the issue of racial disparities in clinical trials. To begin with, it is imperative to include racial demographics in the results, as only 52.21% trials had racial demographic data. AA and AI/AN are under-represented in all the included cancer trials while Whites were over-represented, hindering the generalization of the trial results. It is important to make changes at the grass root level, meaning at the conception of the trial and at the research regulatory level.[Table: see text]
Real-world outcomes of telehealth initiative to reduce readmissions for patients with cancer.
Authors: Patel Bindiya G , McCaffrey Sarah , Natarajan Arjun , Emke Christopher , Goldberg Paula , Pagel Emily , Westerman Alexandria , Aranha Olivia
Published: September 2022

387

Background: Unplanned readmissions in patients with cancer increase both financial toxicity and mortality. It adversely impacts their quality of life by increasing distress for the patient and caregivers. Improving the transition from inpatient to outpatient care has shown to reduce readmissions. The goal of our study is to reduce hospital readmission rate for patients with solid malignancies by implementing a Telehealth transitional care visit for patients with a high EPIC readmission score at the time of discharge. Methods: A pilot study of patients with thoracic and gastrointestinal malignancies who had a high (≥23%) EPIC readmission score at discharge home between March 2021 and May 2022 were included. Patients who were discharged to a skilled nursing facility/rehabilitation center and patients who were admitted for scheduled chemotherapy were excluded. Telehealth visit with an Advanced Practice Provider (APP) was scheduled within seven days after discharge. It included evaluation of medications, addressing reasons for the index admission, review of symptoms, concerns and reminders for follow up appointments with the primary oncologist team. Readmission rates were compared to a control cohort. Results: A total of 44 patients with high readmission score underwent a Telehealth visit following discharge home. The median age was 63.5 years (range 38-83). Of the 44 patients, 36% (16) were male and 64% (28) were female. Fourteen (32%) patients had thoracic malignancy and 30 (68%) had gastrointestinal malignancy. All patients had received at least one line of chemotherapy. Twelve of the 44 patients (27.3%) had a true 30-day readmission which was lower compared to the control group (31.8%, 14/44 patients) who did not have a Telehealth intervention. Conclusions: A timely Telehealth visit within seven days of the index admission can positively impact the true 30-day readmission rate for patients with cancer.
Automated malnutrition screening in a multisite cancer center.
Authors: Kadakia Kunal C. , Szafranski Michele , Meadors Patrick L. , Aktas Aynur , Walsh Declan
Published: September 2022

415

Background: Malnutrition (MN) negatively impacts patients’ tolerance to anti-cancer therapies and clinical outcomes. Registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) are integral to establishing personalized nutritional plans but are a limited resource at cancer centers. The optimal method for operationalizing MN screening and assessment by an RDN is not established. The present study describes the experience of MN screening and automated RDN assessment at Atrium Health’s Levine Cancer Institute. Methods: MN screening using the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) was added to our institution’s electronic distress screening process in May 2017. Automated email alerts to review electronic medical records (EMR) of those with high risk for MN (MST ≥3 of 5; H-MST) before formal RDN evaluation were added in October 2017. RDN reviewed the EMR to identify malnutrition based on internationally accepted guidelines. Here we describe our experience over a 8-month period from May 2019 through December 2019. Results: Among 4009 unique patients who completed the MST, 2953 (74%) had a score of 0-2, 1056 (26%) had H-MST with scores of 3, 4, and 5 in 514 (13%), 349 (9%), and 193 (5%), respectively. Among H-MST screens, automated RDN evaluation occurred in 512 (48%). EMR review by the RDN revealed that 242 (47%) met MN criteria for formal RDN evaluation. The reasons for exclusion from formal RDN evaluation included no weight loss documented (114, 22%), non-malignant condition (107, 21%), and others (49,10%) (deceased, hospitalized, no reason listed, or enrolled in hospice). Of those who were planned for formal RDN evaluation, 97 (40%) underwent phone evaluation, 75 (31%) had already established care with an RDN, 41 (17%) underwent in-person evaluation, and 29 (12%) were unable to be contacted. Conclusions: Using electronic screening, 26% of cancer patients are at high risk for MN at diagnosis. Automated RDN review of H-MST screened patients can improve the referral process and optimize limited RDN availability. The current process allows formal RDN evaluations on those with the greatest MN risk. Malnutrition screening protocols focused on the highest risk cancers might further improve this process. More research is needed to optimize RDN staffing and referral practices.
Association between oncology clinical pathway utilization and quality and cost outcomes in patients with metastatic solid tumors.
Authors: Liu Ying , Mullangi Samyukta , Chen Xiaoxue , Pham Timothy , Debono David Joseph , Fisch Michael Jordan , Gordon Aliza , Hershman Dawn L.
Published: September 2022

430

Background: Anticancer drug regimens that are approved by accepted drug compendia and also considered high value based on their efficacy, toxicity, and costs are designated as “on-pathway” for a national commercial payer. This study compared quality and cost of cancer care among patients with metastatic solid tumors treated in the first line setting who were prescribed on- vs. off-pathway regimens. Methods: Using administrative claims data and prior authorization data from a national commercial payer, we identified 8,357 commercially insured or Medicare Advantage adult patients with solid tumor cancers including breast, lung, colorectal, pancreatic, melanoma, kidney, bladder, gastric, or uterine cancer, who were prescribed first-line anti-cancer regimens in the metastatic setting from 2018 to 2021. Patients were classified into on- vs. off pathway group based on the initial anticancer regimen that was prescribed. On-pathway status was prospectively defined by a panel of practicing oncologists based on review of curated evidence and general application of relative clinical value frameworks accepted in the field. We compared post–6-month quality-of-care outcomes including chemotherapy-related avoidable hospitalizations, emergency room (ER) visits, immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) such as endocrinopathies owing to immune checkpoint inhibitors, need for supportive drugs such as granulocyte colony stimulating factor, and cost outcomes between groups. Generalized linear models were used to assess the association between on-pathway regimens and outcomes adjusting for key patient demographics, clinical and provider characteristics. Results: A total of 5,453 (65.3%) patients were prescribed on-pathway regimens. Both groups had similar age (60.1 vs. 59.6, p = 0.06) and ECOG performance status (0.63 vs. 0.62, p = 0.40), with more females in the off-pathway group (54.6% vs. 57.3%, p = 0.02). There was no statistically significant difference in chemotherapy-related avoidable hospitalizations, IRAEs and need for supportive drugs between the two groups after modeling adjustment. However, patients treated on-pathway had higher rates of chemotherapy-related avoidable ER visits (18% vs. 15%, adjusted odds ratio: 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01 to 1.33, p = 0.03). Patients in the on-pathway group had significantly lower 6-month anticancer treatment cost (adjusted cost difference: -$10410, 95% CI: -$14935 to -$5886, p < 0.01), resulting in an overall lower total healthcare costs (adjusted cost difference: -$12826, 95% CI: -$18879 to -$6773, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Pathway regimens for metastatic solid tumors were associated with reduced total healthcare costs and similar quality of care compared with off-pathway regimens. These findings support the use of high value, evidence-based regimens for metastatic cancer patients.
Elevated C-Reactive Protein and Subsequent Patient-Reported Cognitive Problems in Older Breast Cancer Survivors: The Thinking and Living With Cancer Study
Authors: Carroll Judith E. , Nakamura Zev M. , Small Brent J. , Zhou Xingtao , Cohen Harvey J. , Ahles Tim A. , Ahn Jaeil , Bethea Traci N. , Extermann Martine , Graham Deena , Isaacs Claudine , Jim Heather S.L. , Jacobsen Paul B. , McDonald Brenna C. , Patel Sunita K. , Rentscher Kelly , Root James , Saykin Andrew J. , Tometich Danielle B. , Van Dyk Kathleen , Zhai Wanting , Breen Elizabeth C. , Mandelblatt Jeanne S.
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE

To examine longitudinal relationships between levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and cognition in older breast cancer survivors and noncancer controls.

METHODS

English-speaking women age ≥ 60 years, newly diagnosed with primary breast cancer (stage 0-III), and frequency-matched controls were enrolled from September 2010 to March 2020; women with dementia, neurologic disorders, and other cancers were excluded. Assessments occurred presystemic therapy/enrollment and at annual visits up to 60 months. Cognition was measured using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function and neuropsychological testing. Mixed linear effect models tested for survivor-control differences in natural log (ln)-transformed CRP at each visit. Random effect–lagged fluctuation models tested directional effects of ln-CRP on subsequent cognition. All models controlled for age, race, study site, cognitive reserve, obesity, and comorbidities; secondary analyses evaluated if depression or anxiety affected results.

RESULTS

There were 400 survivors and 329 controls with CRP specimens and follow-up data (average age of 67.7 years; range, 60-90 years). The majority of survivors had stage I (60.9%), estrogen receptor–positive (87.6%) tumors. Survivors had significantly higher adjusted mean ln-CRP than controls at baseline and 12-, 24-, and 60-month visits (all P < .05). Higher adjusted ln-CRP predicted lower participant-reported cognition on subsequent visits among survivors, but not controls ( P interaction = .008); effects were unchanged by depression or anxiety. Overall, survivors had adjusted Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function scores that were 9.5 and 14.2 points lower than controls at CRP levels of 3.0 and 10.0 mg/L. Survivors had poorer neuropsychological test performance ( v controls), with significant interactions with CRP only for the Trails B test.

CONCLUSION

Longitudinal relationships between CRP and cognition in older breast cancer survivors suggest that chronic inflammation may play a role in development of cognitive problems. CRP testing could be clinically useful in survivorship care.
Ineligible, Unaware, or Uninterested? Associations Between Underrepresented Patient Populations and Retention in the Pathway to Cancer Clinical Trial Enrollment
Authors: Caston Nicole E. , Lalor Fallon , Wall Jaclyn , Sussell Jesse , Patel Shilpen , Williams Courtney P. , Azuero Andres , Arend Rebecca , Liang Margaret I. , Rocque Gabrielle B.
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE:

Cancer clinical trials can benefit current and future patients; however, Black patients, rural residents, and patients living in disadvantaged areas are often underrepresented. Using an adapted version of Unger and colleagues' model of the process of clinical trial enrollment, we evaluated the relationship between underrepresented patient populations and trial end points.

METHODS:

This retrospective study included 512 patients with breast or ovarian cancer who were prescribed a therapeutic drug at the University of Alabama at Birmingham from January 2017 to February 2020. Patient eligibility was assessed using open clinical trials. We estimated odds ratios and 95% CIs using logistic regression models to examine the relationship between underrepresented patient populations and trial enrollment end points: eligibility, interest, offer, enrollment, and declining enrollment.

RESULTS:

Of the patients in our sample, 27% were Black, 18% were rural residents, and 19% lived in higher disadvantaged neighborhoods. In adjusted models, each comparison group had similar odds of being eligible for a clinical trial. Black versus White patients had 0.40 times the odds of interest in clinical trials and 0.56 times the odds of enrollment. Patients living in areas of higher versus lower disadvantage had 0.46 times the odds of enrolling and 3.40 times the odds of declining enrollment when offered.

CONCLUSION:

Eligibility did not drive clinical trial enrollment disparities in our sample; however, retention in the clinical trial enrollment process appears to vary by group. Additional work is needed to understand how interventions can be tailored to each population's specific needs.
Rousseau on the Île Saint-Pierre
Authors: Abele Célia
Published: September 2022

This essay shows that the pre-Romantic conception of the late Rousseau as alone in nature has led to misunderstandings of the project of the Rêveries du promeneur solitaire as an exclusively solipsistic text about Rousseau’s self turning inward. Focusing on the central “Fifth Promenade” of the Rêveries, this article argues that, on the contrary, it is an early enactment of the literary realism of the nineteenth-century novel that faces outward by describing both society and nature. The article shows how society and the state are included within its narrative, which employs several features typical of realism. The presence of details describing the natural and social environment is linked to how the “Promenade” centers his scientific attention to plant life on the island. That fact points to the deep epistemological connection between science and realism. Rousseau’s text, which is explicitly bound up with his practice of collecting plants to preserve them in herbaria, achieves this through an epistemology of synecdoche and the microcosm that makes it possible to move between part and whole.
History at the Roundabout
Authors: Reid Donald
Published: September 2022

The Gilets jaunes brought attention to the existence and demands of the popular classes as other than the deplorables of the far right. This essay examines the ideas of an innovative group of historians who interpret the Gilets jaunes as evoking and enacting the unresolved issues of the revolutions of 1789, 1848, and 1871 on the nature and practice of democracy in France.
Sex-biased effects on hippocampal circuit development by perinatal SERT expression in CA3 pyramidal neurons
Authors: De Gregorio Roberto , Subah Galadu , Chan Jennifer C. , Speranza Luisa , Zhang Xiaolei , Ramakrishnan Aarthi , Shen Li , Maze Ian , Stanton Patric K. , Sze Ji Y.
Published: September 2022

Neurodevelopmental disorders ranging from autism to intellectual disability display sex-biased prevalence and phenotypical presentations. Despite increasing knowledge about temporospatial cortical map development and genetic variants linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, when and how sex-biased neural circuit derailment may arise in diseased brain remain unknown. Here, we identify in mice that serotonin uptake transporter (SERT) in non-serotonergic neurons – hippocampal and prefrontal pyramidal neurons – confers sex-biased effects specifically during neural circuit development. A set of gradient-patterned CA3 pyramidal neurons transiently express SERT to clear extracellular serotonin, coinciding with hippocampal synaptic circuit establishment. Ablating pyramidal neuron SERT (SERTPyramidΔ) alters dendritic spine developmental trajectory in the hippocampus, and precipitates sex-biased impairments in long-term activity-dependent hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive behaviors. Transcriptomic analyses identify sex-biased alterations in gene sets associated with autism, dendritic spine structure, synaptic function and male-specific enrichment of dysregulated genes in glial cells in early postnatal SERTPyramidΔ hippocampus. Our data suggest that SERT function in these pyramidal neurons underscores a temporal- and brain region-specific regulation of normal sex-dimorphic circuit development and a source for sex-biased vulnerability to cognitive and behavioral impairments.

This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Expectations-Driven Liquidity Traps: Implications for Monetary and Fiscal Policy
Authors: Nakata Taisuke , Schmidt Sebastian
Published: September 2022

We study optimal time-consistent monetary and fiscal policy in a New Keynesian model where occasional declines in agents’ confidence give rise to persistent liquidity trap episodes. Insights from widely studied fundamental-driven liquidity traps are not a useful guide for enhancing welfare in this model. Raising the inflation target, appointing an inflation-conservative central banker, or allowing for the use of government spending as an additional stabilization tool can exacerbate deflationary pressures and demand deficiencies during the liquidity trap episodes. However, appointing a policy-maker who is sufficiently less concerned with government spending stabilization than society eliminates expectations-driven liquidity traps. (JEL E31, E52, E61, E62, E63)
Mind the Gap! Stylized Dynamic Facts and Structural Models
Authors: Canova Fabio , Ferroni Filippo
Published: September 2022

We study what happens to identified shocks and to dynamic responses when the data generating process features q disturbances but q1< q variables are used in an empirical model. Identified shocks are linear combinations of current and past values of all structural disturbances and do not necessarily combine disturbances of the same type. Theory-based restrictions may be insufficient to obtain structural dynamics. We revisit the evidence regarding the transmission of house price and of uncertainty shocks. We provide suggestions on how to compare the dynamics of larger scale DSGEs models with smaller scale VARs. (JEL E12, E13, E23, E31, E43, R31)
The Impact of Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients with De-compensated Heart Failure and Iron
Authors: Cristian Ion Alexandru , Serbanoiu Liviu Ionut , Busnatu Stefan Sebastian , Chioncel Valentin , Andrei Catalina Liliana
Published: September 2022

Abstract: The iron deficient anaemia is a common medical condition in patients with heart failure receiving antithrombotic therapy. Especially during the COVID19 pandemic period the rate of bleeding complications associated with the antithrombotic therapy tend to be higher, as the patient’s referral to medical services is lower and the interaction doctor-patient is limited. In our retrospective observational study we included 300 consecutive patients with decompensated heat failure associating iron deficient anaemia. For defining the medical conditions we used the ESC guidelines terminology and diagnostic criteria. We assessed the association between the iron deficient anaemia and different antithrombotic therapies, recommended in concordance to ESC Guidelines. We found that aspirin 75mg/day was statistical significant associated with iron deficient anaemia (p 0.012) and anaemia severity (p 0.002), this association being assessed by Chi square and Pearson tests. Also, neither clopidogrel, ticagrelor, VKA or non-VKA were associated to the presence of anaemia. By assessing the mortality rate associated to anaemia severity, the severe anaemia was associated to higher mortality rate, meanwhile no antithrombotic therapy was associated with higher readmission or mortality rate (p<0.001). In conclusion, aspirin was the only antithrombotic therapy associated with the presence of anaemia and anaemia severity, while only severe anaemia was associated with statistic significant increase of patient’s mortality, with nonstatistical result regarding the readmission rate. This finding is concordant to the necessity of a permanent evaluation of the antithrombotic therapy in heart failure patients.
Keywords: antithrombotic therapy, decompensated heart failure, iron deficient anaemia, COVID 19 pan-demic, mortality rate
Differences in the manifestation of balance according to BMI levels for women students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports
Authors: Mocanu George-Danut , Onu Ilie
Published: September 2022

Abstract Background: Static and dynamic balance are factors of major importance in the manifestation of human motor skills at a higher level. Purpose: The determination of vari-ations in the performance of balance tests for young women students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports (48 cases in the 1st year of bachelor's degree), divided and analyzed 3 BMI levels (underweight / 7 cases, normal weight / 34 cases and overweight / 7 cases) and comparing these results with other similar research. Material and method: The testing of the group was scheduled at the Research Center for Human Performance, be-longing to the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in Galați, in the month of April of the 2018-2019 academic year. For the assessment of balance, 7 tests were used, of which 4 associated with dynamic postural stability (Walk and turn field sobriety test/errors, Func-tional reach test/cm, Fukuda test/degrees of rotation, Bass test/ points) and 3 measuring static stability (Flamingo test/falls, One leg standing with eyes closed/sec, Stork test/sec). Nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney U) were applied to compare differences between batches. Results: The average values of underweight and normal-weight women are better than those of overweight women for the entire set of assessment tests. The underweight group has the best results for the Standing balance test, Functional reach test, Flamingo test, Walk and turn field sobriety test, Fukuda test, and the normal weight women for Stork test, respectively Bass test. We found a lack of significant thresholds when comparing the results between the 3 groups (P> 0.05) for Stork test, Standing balance test and Functional reach test, so the working hypothesis formulated is only partially confirmed. The only significant difference between underweight and normal weight (P <0.05) is found in the Flamingo test, with better values for underweight. Significant difference thresholds for Flamingo test and Fukuda test are recorded between the underweight and overweight groups (Z values have associated thresholds P<0.05). The most significant differences are found between the normal weight and overweight groups (P <0.05), respectively for the Bass test, Fukuda test and Walk and turn field sobriety test. Conclusion: Constant physical activity (as a feature of the analyzed group) reduces the chances of significant differences in all balance tests between BMI levels.

Keywords: female students; university specialization; static and dynamic postural control; physical activity
Further detailed objectification within comparative analysis of quality of life - based on some sociodemographic characteris-tics/parameters and related statistical analysis - between mothers of children with congenital versus acquired neuropathology
Authors: Morcov Maria V. , Padure Liliana , Morcov Cristian G. , Onose Gelu
Published: September 2022

Abstract: This study aimed to determine whether there is a difference in quality of life between mothers of children with congenital neuropathology and, respectively, those with acquired neuropathology based on some sociodemographic characteristics/parameters, taking into account data from the specialized literature on the influence of sociodemographic characteristics/parameters on mothers with disabled children. 85 subjects (divided into two groups, congenital and acquired) were included in the study conducted at the National Clinical Centre of Neurorehabilitation for Children “Dr. N. Robanescu. To objectify – if existing – such differences, as mentioned above, we used the clinical, functional quantified evaluation instrument PedsQL- Family Impact Module (PedsQL-FIM). According to our data, there were statistically significant differences between groups for physical functioning, emotional functioning, communication, and worry. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for daily activity, social functioning, cognitive functioning, and family relationships. We also found weak negative correlations between the following dimensions of PedsQL-FIM: emotional functioning, social functioning, and communication) and education for the former group; a weak positive correlation between worry and education, a weak negative correlation between emotional functioning and income level, and two moderate negative correlations between social functioning, daily activities, and income level for the latter group. We can conclude that the variable education had the most significant influence on the quality of life for mothers of children with congenital neuropathology, in contrast, the variable income level had the most significant influence on mothers of children with acquired neuropathology.
Keywords: sociodemographic characteristics, quality of life, disability
Effets thermiques dans les transitors MOSFET Si avancés
Authors: Τριαντόπουλος Κωνσταντίνος
Published: September 2022

H συνεχόμενη σμίκρυνση των ηλεκτρονικών ημιαγωγικών διατάξεων έχει οδηγήσει στην αύξηση της πυκνότητας ρεύματος και κατά συνέπεια σε υψηλότερες πυκνότητες ισχύος. Οι νέες και περίπλοκες γεωμετρίες των τρανζίστορ επίδρασης-πεδίου μονωμένης πύλης τείνουν να κάνουν την απομάκρυνση της θερμότητας από το κανάλι του τρανζίστορ πιο δύσκολη και ειδικά στην περίπτωση αυτών που βασίζονται στην τεχνολογία πυρίτιο-σε-μονωτή (Silicon-on-Insulator), όπου το οξείδιο εμποδίζει την άμεση διαφυγή θερμότητας στο υπόστρωμα πυριτίου. Φαινόμενα διεπιφάνειας, όπως η σκέδαση phonon-boundary, επηρεάζουν σημαντικά τη θερμική αγωγιμότητα των υλικών που χρησιμοποιούνται για την κατασκευή ηλεκτρονικών ημιαγωγικών διατάξεων, ειδικά όταν οι διαστάσεις τους γίνονται συγκρίσιμες με τη μέση ελεύθερη διαδρομή του φωνονίου (~200-300nm στο πυρίτιο). Η παρούσα διατριβή εξετάζει το φαινόμενο της αυτοθέρμανσης σε πλήρως απογυμνωμένα (FD) τρανζίστορ επίδρασης πεδίου μετάλλου-οξειδίου-ημιαγωγού (MOSFETs) με παχύ και λεπτό οξείδιο, για διάφορα γεωμετρικά χαρακτηριστικά, λαμβάνοντας επίσης υπόψη και τη θερμική σύζευξη αυτών με τις μεταλλικές διασυνδέσεις (BEOL). Οι παράμετροι αυτοθέρμανσης, όπως η θερμική αντίσταση και η αύξηση της θερμοκρασίας, εξήχθησαν και μελετήθηκαν σε ένα ευρύ φάσμα προσαρμοζόμενων θερμοκρασιών περιβάλλοντος από 4.2K εως 425Κ, καλύπτοντας έτσι και τις κρυογονικές θερμοκρασίες λειτουργίας των τρανζίστορ. Μνεία γίνεται για την επίδραση της αύξησης της θερμοκρασίας λόγω αυτοθέρμανσης στην απόδοση και αξιοπιστία των τρανζίστορ. Η διατριβή αυτή ολοκληρώνεται με τη μελέτη των θερμικών επιδράσεων στην τεχνολογία της τρισδιάστατης (3D) διαδοχικής ολοκλήρωσης ηλεκτρονικών ημιαγωγικών διατάξεων, συμπεριλαμβανομένων της αυτοθέρμανσης και θερμικής σύζευξης μεταξύ τρανζίστορ σε ένα τρισδιάστατο διαδοχικό σχήμα ολοκλήρωσης δύο επιπέδων.
Το Αλατζά Ιμαρέτ και ο θεσμός των Ιμαρέτ στα Βαλκάνια
Authors: Περδικοπούλου Μελπομένη
Published: September 2022

Το Αλατζά Ιμαρέτ αποτελεί στη σημερινή του μορφή ένα τυπικό παράδειγμα ζαβιγιελί-τζαμιού (τζαμί με κοινωνικο-θρησκευτικές λειτουργίες), με πενταμερές προστώο, δύο κάθετους χώρους, τον χώρο της κλειστής αυλής και τον χώρο προσευχής, και τέσσερις πλαϊνούς χώρους (eyvan). Το κτίσμα έχει δεχτεί λίγες παρεμβάσεις, που αφορούν κυρίως στο εσωτερικό του, με αποτέλεσμα να διατηρείται σε μεγάλο ποσοστό στην αρχική του μορφή ενώ αποτελεί ένα χαρακτηριστικό δείγμα της πρώιμης οθωμανικής αρχιτεκτονικής, που διαδόθηκε σχεδόν σε όλη την αυτοκρατορία από τον 14ο μέχρι και τον 16ο αιώνα. Ωστόσο, το πτωχοκομείο του Ισχάκ Πασά, κατά τη διάρκεια των έξι αιώνων ιστορίας του παρά τις επιμέρους παρεμβάσεις που δέχτηκε, παρέμεινε τυπολογικά αναλλοίωτο. Σε κάθε περίπτωση, τα δομικά του προβλήματα αντιμετωπίζονταν με προγράμματα αποκατάστασης, που πραγματοποιήθηκαν με σεβασμό στις αρχιτεκτονικές και ιστορικές αξίες του μνημείου.
Η εικαστική γλώσσα της θεατρικής αφίσας στην Ελλάδα την περίοδο 1950-2015
Authors: Γιαννικόπουλος Πολυχρόνης
Published: September 2022

Η αφίσα ως λαϊκό μέσο επικοινωνίας εκφράζει δημόσια τον παλμό της κοινωνίας, τις ανάγκες και τα ενδιαφέροντά της για κάθε επίκαιρο θέμα που την απασχολεί. Η θεατρική αφίσα είναι αυτή από την οποία προκύπτουν οι πολιτιστικές αντιλήψεις και οι αισθητικές αναζητήσεις της κάθε κοινωνίας, σε συνδυασμό με τις επίκαιρες ανάγκες της. Η πλατιά διάδοσή της ως επικοινωνιακού μέσου, σε όλη τη διάρκεια του 20ού αιώνα, της δίνει τη θέση του εικαστικού ντοκουμέντου και αποτελεί σπουδαία πηγή πληροφοριών για τη θεατρολογία, δίνοντάς της σημαντικά στοιχεία και υλικό για έρευνα, εντάσσοντας το μήνυμα στην καλλιτεχνική υλοποίησή του. Σκοπός της θεατρικής αφίσας είναι να δημιουργήσει την επιθυμητή εντύπωση στον περαστικό μέσα σε ελάχιστο χρονικό διάστημα. Η σύνθεση και η δομή της είναι αυτές που καθορίζουν την ικανότητα αντίληψης του μηνύματος. Τα στοιχεία εικαστικής γλώσσας που τη συνθέτουν, έχοντας πάντα υπόψιν τις επιρροές που δέχτηκε από τα καλλιτεχνικά κινήματα, επιχειρούν παράλληλα μια συσχέτιση με την κάθε παράσταση. Η παρούσα έρευνα θα εξετάσει τη σχέση της θεατρικής αφίσας με τη θεματολογία, τη σκηνογραφία, τα κοινωνικά ζητήματα που θίγει το κάθε έργο, καθώς και το κατά πόσο η σύνθεση και η δομή της δέχονται επιρροές ανάλογα με το είδος του θεάτρου. Θα παρατηρήσει, μέσω των θεατρικών αφισών, τον τρόπο που επηρεάζονται οι εικαστικές τέχνες από τα πολιτιστικά και τα ιστορικά γεγονότα της κάθε περιόδου, προκειμένου να δικαιωθεί ο επίκαιρος χαρακτήρας της, όσον αφορά τόσο τις θεατρικές, κοινωνικές και τις εικαστικές εξελίξεις. Το θέατρο είναι μια μορφή τέχνης, η οποία καλεί τους θεατές να συμμετέχουν ενεργά στην ανα-δημιουργία του κειμένου, ανάλογα με τον τρόπο που το αντιλαμβάνονται. Το ίδιο συμβαίνει και με τη θεατρική αφίσα. Το άτομο συμμετέχει στην «αναδημιουργία» της, μέχρι να φτάσει σε μια καθαρά υποκειμενική κατανόηση. Η αισθητική οργάνωση γραμμάτων, σχημάτων και εικόνων των θεατρικών αφισών αποτελούν το σημείο εκκίνησης.
preCICE v2: A sustainable and user-friendly coupling library
Authors: Chourdakis Gerasimos , Davis Kyle , Rodenberg Benjamin , Schulte Miriam , Simonis Frédéric , Uekermann Benjamin , Abrams Georg , Bungartz Hans-Joachim , Cheung Yau Lucia , Desai Ishaan , Eder Konrad , Hertrich Richard , Lindner Florian , Rusch Alexander , Sashko Dmytro , Schneider David , Totounferoush Amin , Volland Dominik , Vollmer Peter , Koseomur Oguz Ziya
Published: September 2022

preCICE is a free/open-source coupling library. It enables creating partitioned multi-physics simulations by gluing together separate software packages.

This paper summarizes the development efforts in preCICE of the past five years. During this time span, we have turned the software from a working prototype -- sophisticated numerical coupling methods and scalability on ten thousands of compute cores -- to a sustainable and user-friendly software project with a steadily-growing community. Today, we know through forum discussions, conferences, workshops, and publications of more than 100 research groups using preCICE. We cover the fundamentals of the software alongside a performance and accuracy analysis of different data mapping methods. Afterwards, we describe ready-to-use integration with widely-used external simulation software packages, tests, and continuous integration from unit to system level, and community building measures, drawing an overview of the current preCICE ecosystem.
Study protocol for evaluating the clinical efficacy and neurobiological correlates of sequential treatment with tDCS primed iTBS and ECT in treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Sinha Preeti , Shreekantiah Umesh , Goyal Nishant , Sreeraj Vanteemar Sathyanarayana , Arumugham Shyam Sundar , Samantaray Subham , Jammigumpula Ashok , Nanjundaiah Gopala Krishna Kadarapura , Venkataramaiah Sudhir , Thennarasu Kandavel , Roy Chandramouli , Purohith Abhiram Narasimhan , Shenoy Sonia , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Shivakumar Venkataram , Udupa Kaviraj , Muralidharan Kesavan , Venkatasubramanian Ganesan , Thirthalli Jagadisha , Praharaj Samir Kumar , Mehta Urvakhsh Meherwan
Published: September 2022

Background: Treatment-resistant depression is a burdensome condition. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is considered a treatment option in early course of resistance with a proportion of such patients responding to it. Preliminary evidence suggests a role of priming iTBS stimulation with preconditioning using cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). This protocol describes a double-blind randomized sham-controlled study to evaluate the clinical efficacy and tolerability of tDCS-primed iTBS in the treatment of resistant depression. Non-responders to this trial will be offered open-label electroconvulsive therapy. All participants will undergo neurobiological investigations that will enable the identification of potential response predictors and mechanisms.

Methods: Three hundred and fifty consenting patients with treatment resistant depression will be randomly assigned to receive 20–30 daily sessions of true-tDCS or sham-tDCS primed iTBS over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at three study centers. After this blinded sham-controlled trial, non-responders to the intervention will be offered open-label true ECT. Clinical assessments, neurocognitive assessments and multimodal investigations (magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, heart rate variability, investigative transcranial magnetic stimulation-transcranial direct current stimulation, gene polymorphisms) will be conducted at baseline and repeated after the end of the trial, as well as open-label ECT course. The trial will evaluate the improvement in depressive symptoms (Hamilton depression rating scale) between the two groups as the primary outcome measure.
Patterns of growth, metabolism of egg cross chicken embryos and the development of their visceral organs under the influence of variable incubation temperatures
Authors: Chelnokova Marina , Suleymanov Farhat , Chelnokov Andrey , Arzhankova Yuliya , Nikolaeva Zoya , Lanskaya Ol'ga
Published: September 2022

The monograph is devoted to the study of the growth patterns, metabolism of chicken egg cross embryos and the development of their visceral organs under the influence of variable incubation temperatures. New data on the main patterns of growth and energy metabolism in the embryogenesis of birds are summarized. Up-to-date information on the growth and development, energy exchange of egg and meat cross chicken embryos is presented. New data have been obtained on the effectiveness of the effect of variable incubation temperature on the growth and metabolism of egg cross chicken embryos and the development of their visceral organs.
It is intended for graduate students and teachers of higher education, researchers related to the problems of artificial incubation of farm birds.
Educational migration to the Russian Federation: the role in providing the economy with highly qualified personnel
Authors: Lebedeva Tamara , Migranyan A. , Tkachenko M.
Published: September 2022

The monograph reflects the role of educational migration in providing the economy with highly qualified personnel, reveals the theoretical and legal aspects of the subject of research. The foreign experience of attracting educational migrants to the national economy of some developed countries of the world is characterized. The volume of exports of educational services and territorial features of attracting educational migrants to the Russian Federation are analyzed, modern features of attracting educational immigrants to the economy of the Russian Federation are characterized. Based on the analysis, problems are identified, prospects are outlined and proposals are formulated to change the situation with the involvement of highly qualified personnel from among educational migrants in the economy of the Russian Federation.
It is recommended to students, postgraduates, scientists, as well as a wide range of people interested in the problems of educational migration and the labor market.
Kinematic characteristics of stealth CME in three-dimensional space
Authors: Egorov Yaroslav , Fainshtein Victor
Published: September 2022

We have studied and compared kinematic characteristics of the motion of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in three-dimensional (3D) space for three groups of CMEs for the period 2008–2014. These CME groups include: (i) stealth CMEs, (ii) CMEs that originate on the front side of the Sun (for an observer on Earth) and are associated with X-ray flares and filament eruption, (iii) all CMEs registered during the given period. Stealth CMEs are CMEs that emerge on the front side of the Sun and are unrelated to X-ray flares, as well as to filament eruption. We compare kinematic and some physical characteristics of these CMEs with those of a separate group of CMEs, classified as stealth in [D’Huys et al., 2014]. After comparing the characteristics of the three CME groups (i)–(iii), we concluded that stealth CMEs have, on average, the lowest velocity, kinetic energy, mass and angular size, central position angle, and also the angle φ between the direction of CME motion in the ecliptic plane and the Sun–Earth line and the angle λ between the direction of CME motion in 3D space and the ecliptic plane. We also discuss distributions of CMEs of different types by kinematic characteristics.
Comparison between probability density functions of vertical electric current in solar active regions based on HMI/SDO and SOT/Hinode data
Authors: Nechaeva Alena , Zimovets Ivan , Sharykin Ivan
Published: September 2022

Studying electric currents in solar active regions (AR) is an essential step in understanding solar activity in general and solar flares in particular. In this paper, we compare probability density functions of vertical electric current PDF(|jz|) in several active regions, using HMI/SDO and SOT/Hinode photospheric magnetic field data. We have established that at a high value (above the noise level of |jz| >9•10³ statampere/cm²) of current structures of ARs these functions are nearly identical. The main difference in PDFs for low (noise) jz≤9•10³ statampere/cm² is due to differences in sensitivity of these two instruments. We have also found that the criterion of pixel selection from magnetic field strength is inapplicable, and the similarity between PDFs is determined by high jz. For all PDF(|jz|) under study we have calculated the power law exponent of the PDF tail for the two instruments, which coincide within their errors for the current structures with current values above noise level. Thus there is no significant difference as to which instrument is used for analyzing probability density functions in high current parts of ARs where flares are localized.
Research of changes in the level of vascular endothelial growth factor in experimental diabetic retinopathy. comparison of methods of correction
Authors: Sirman Ya. , Savytskyi I.
Published: September 2022

The aim of work to investigate the changes in the vascular endothelium growth factor in experimental animals, which were simulated diabetic retinopathy and against the background of its correction.

The results of the analysis of the vascular growth factor in the 2nd group confirm the development of diabetic retinopathy, a particularly pronounced increase in the marker was detected on the 180th day of the development of the pathological process. It was established analyzing the data of group No. 3 that the correction of the pathological condition with hypoglycemic agents has partial positive effect but requires the involvement of additional means of correction in addition to the normalization of the level of glycemia. The results of the 4th group indicate that the involvement of a nitric oxide donor and aflibercept in the correction of diabetic retinopathy has positive effect on the reduction of the level of vascular growth factor, more pronounced compared to the 3rd group, but it does not reach normative values. It is observed that the correction of the simulated pathological condition by reducing hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept and bromfenac (group No. 5) gives positive results, but less pronounced, compared to the data of the 4th group.

It was found that in rats in which diabetic retinopathy was modeled with subsequent correction of hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept, L-carnitine and bromfenac (group No. 6) at the first stage, there is a pronounced effectiveness of the proposed method of correction in comparison with the previously considered methods, the established positive trend is being followed also at the 2nd and 3rd stages of the experiment, which indicates the effectiveness of this correction method.

The most pronounced positive effect of normalizing the level of vascular growth factor is observed when using a hypoglycemic drug in combination with the administration of aflibercept, a solution of L-arginine and citicoline (in group No. 7).
Três atos para uma Arquitetura Menor.
Authors: Ferreira Guimarães Camila
Published: September 2022

A análise da produção da arquitetura no contexto contemporâneo perpassa a compreensão das distintas realidades que moldam nossos cotidianos, desde questões fundamentais de formação e formulação do estatuto da arquitetura, passando por questões tecnológicas, econômicas, sociais e simbólicas. Neste sentido, nos interessa discutir aspectos da produção arquitetônica da e pela resistência, além de indagar sobre como a produção de uma arquitetura menor pode dialogar com as demandas críticas e emergentes de uma sociedade cada vez mais imersa em suas próprias demandas. Assim, desenvolvemos três atos para uma arquitetura menor, onde convidamos o leitor para refletir sobre o papel do arquiteto no contexto contemporâneo a partir da análise de três exemplos diferentes que tangem a discussão do patrimônio, da identidade e da memória.
Ze studiów leksykologicznych i onomastycznych
Authors: Karaś Mieczysław
Published: September 2022

Redaktorzy niniejszego wyboru postanowili udostępnić te spośród studiów leksykologicznych i onomastycznych M. Karasia, które zostały opublikowane w mniej dostępnych wydawnictwach. Nie ma tu zatem artykułów zamieszczonych w ?Języku Polskim?, ?Poradniku Językowym?, ?Biuletynie PTJ? i ?Onomastikach? (czasopisma te są łatwo dostępne w głównych bibliotekach naukowych) oraz tych, które wydano po śmierci Uczonego w książce Język polski i jego historia. Wybór pism (Karaś 1986). Drugim czynnikiem, który zaważył na zawartości niniejszej edycji, był zamiar, by czytelnicy, którzy mniej znają prace Uczonego, mogli poznać przynajmniej fragment jego zainteresowań naukowych. Stąd taka różnorodność. Poza pracami opublikowanymi po polsku, zostały tu też wznowione dwa artykułu obcojęzyczne (po rosyjsku i angielsku).
Flight to Earnings: The Role of Earnings in Periods of Capital Scarcity
Authors: Guest Nick , Kothari S. P. , So Eric
Published: September 2022

We examine the link between the scarcity of arbitrage capital and investors’ response to firms’ earnings information. The cost of financing levered investment strategies (i.e., investing with borrowed funds) increases in the risk profile of the securities being traded. As a result, when capital is scarce, levered traders face heightened incentives to tilt their portfolios in the direction of firms’ earnings information as an indicator of lesser risk because doing so mitigates financing constraints. Our results suggest that these investors become more responsive to firms’ earnings announcements when capital is scarce. Moreover, market prices display a stronger reaction to firms’ announcements and less postearnings announcement drift. Together, our findings suggest the scarcity of arbitrage capital spurs both the use of and responsiveness of market prices to firms’ earnings news.

This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4538 .
Contextual Bandits with Cross-Learning
Authors: Balseiro Santiago , Golrezaei Negin , Mahdian Mohammad , Mirrokni Vahab , Schneider Jon
Published: September 2022

In the classic contextual bandits problem, in each round t, a learner observes some context c, chooses some action i to perform, and receives some reward [Formula: see text]. We consider the variant of this problem in which in addition to receiving the reward [Formula: see text], the learner also learns the values of [Formula: see text] for some other contexts [Formula: see text] in set [Formula: see text], that is, the rewards that would be achieved by performing that action under different contexts [Formula: see text]. This variant arises in several strategic settings, such as learning how to bid in nontruthful repeated auctions, which has gained a lot of attention lately as many platforms have switched to running first price auctions. We call this problem the contextual bandits problem with cross-learning. The best algorithms for the classic contextual bandits problem achieve [Formula: see text] regret against all stationary policies, in which C is the number of contexts, K the number of actions, and T the number of rounds. We design and analyze new algorithms for the contextual bandits problem with cross-learning and show that their regret has better dependence on the number of contexts. Under complete cross-learning in which the rewards for all contexts are learned when choosing an action, that is, set [Formula: see text] contains all contexts, we show that our algorithms achieve regret [Formula: see text], removing the dependence on C. For any other cases, that is, under partial cross-learning in which [Formula: see text] for some context–action pair of (i, c), the regret bounds depend on how the sets [Formula: see text] impact the degree to which cross-learning between contexts is possible. We simulate our algorithms on real auction data from an ad exchange running first price auctions and show that they outperform traditional contextual bandit algorithms.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/moor.2022.1313 .