bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L2 German Word Order Preferences by Immigrant L1 Korean Speakers
Authors: Joo Hyoun-A
Published: December 2024

This study examines the L2 German verb placement preferences in 58 Korean immigrant workers in Germany. The verb placement preferences are compared to predictions of Organic Grammar (Vainikka and Young-Scholten, 2011). Assuming an incremental, bottom-up morphosyntactic development, the theory predicts the possibility that L2 acquirers develop only partial clausal structures. Organic Grammar further proposes a two-tree approach of morphosyntactic development and predicts that main clauses with verb-second order (V2) are acquired before subordinate clauses with verb-final order (OV). To test these predictions, participants completed two production tasks. Results show a mixed picture. Some participants’ L2 clausal structure seems to have developed only partially, supporting the incremental approach. Regarding the predicted order of acquisition, however, some participants who showed robust use of targetlike subordination with OV, struggled with V2, preferring V3 instead. This suggests the need for a revision of the two-tree approach to incorporate the V3 preference.
Mon féminisme anticolonialiste et antiraciste est ancré dans une expérience de vie
Authors: Vergès Françoise , Jones Janine
Published: December 2024

Dans cet entretien, la politologue et militante féministe décoloniale Françoise Vergès met en lumière le rôle du féminisme civilisationnel dans les luttes subversives menées par les féminismes décoloniaux du Sud pour mettre en échec le capitalisme racial, l’impérialisme, le (néo)colonialisme et le patriarcat. Vergès revient sur ses positions dans A Decolonial Feminism et place le problème « qui nettoie le monde ? » aux fondements du capitalisme racialisé et sexué : l’incapacité à dépasser ce problème garantit l’échec de toute révolution visant à donner naissance à un monde nouveau, décolonisé.
Exploring parents’ perceptions and experiences of childhood obesity and management in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: an interpretive qualitative study
Authors: Almutairi Sarah Hamad , Alhamidi Sami Abdulrahman
Published: December 2024

Background

Childhood obesity is a public health concern in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, where cultural and social factors shape parental perceptions. This study explores how Riyadh-based parents view childhood obesity.

Methods

A hybrid approach to thematic analysis was employed, combining deductive and inductive coding to allow for emergent themes directly from the data. Semistructured interviews were conducted with twelve parents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, whose children were identified as overweight or obese. The data were analysed to identify key themes related to parental perceptions and childhood obesity management.

Results

Four themes emerged from the data: (1) perceptions towards childhood obesity; (2) perceived barriers to weight management; (3) perceived benefits to weight management; and (4) perceived motivators to addressing obesity.

Conclusion

Parents in Riyadh often view childhood obesity as a sign of health due to deep-rooted cultural norms. However, as they witness health and social challenges in their children, such as bullying or physical difficulties, their perceptions begin to shift. This study highlights the role of cultural beliefs, lifestyle constraints, and limited institutional support as barriers to managing childhood obesity. Addressing these factors through awareness initiatives and community support could empower parents to more effectively promote healthier behaviours for their children, ultimately contributing to improved health outcomes.
Assessment of the differences in Mean Age at Menarche (MAM) among adolescent girls in rural and urban Nigeria: a systematic review
Authors: Okagbue Hilary I. , Samuel Olugbemisola W. , Nzeribe Emmanuella C. , Nto Sunday E. , Dahunsi Olukayode E. , Isa Muhammad B. , Etim John , Orya Evelyn E. , Sampson Sidney , Yumashev Alexey V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Globally, there has been a decline in the age of menarche; the decline is higher in poorer countries than in richer ones. The measurement of the decline was based on the reported mean age at menarche (MAM) across the countries. There is a significant knowledge gap in investigating the generational decline in MAM in low- and median-income countries (LMC). In Nigeria, different studies have reported MAM, but none have attempted to investigate the generational shift in the reported MAM in girls residing in rural and urban areas. This review sought to understand if there is a rural-urban disparity in the MAM.

Methods

Documents were searched in the relevant bibliometric database and Population intervention, comparison(s) and outcome (PICO) framework were used as eligibility criteria for extracting data from the documents based on some inclusion and exclusion criteria. The population are adolescent schoolgirls in rural and urban settlements in Nigeria. The comparator is the age of menarche of urban versus rural adolescent schoolgirls in Nigeria, while the mean age at menarche (MAM) is the outcome. Data quality assessment was done to critically appraise the included studies and enhance. Data were synthesized using narrative review, descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results

Ten articles were included in the study, following the PRISMA framework. The overall mean evaluation of the risk of bias in the individual studies included in the review was computed to be 88%. Generally, there seems to be a decline in the age at menarche from 1976 to 2023. The rural MAM is higher than the urban MAM, and the gap between the two appears to be narrowing. The t-test showed no statistically significant mean differences between the rural and urban mean age at menarche (T = 2.1009, p value = 0.4679). The mean menarcheal age for girls in rural and urban areas is 13.44 and 13.04, respectively. There is a strong positive correlation between the rural and urban MAMs (Pearson = 0.93, p < 0.001). The Gaussian kernel estimated a bimodal distribution for rural girls, where they are most likely to experience menarche at 11 and 13 years, respectively, while urban girls are most likely to experience menarche at 13 years. In both locations, the incidence of menarche decreases just after the peak at 13 years.

Conclusion

Although rural girls have delayed menarche, there is no statistically significant mean difference between the age at menarche reported for rural and urban areas in Nigeria. Interventions in the form of counseling and reproductive education are recommended. The review provides a strong foundation for further research and policy development aimed at improving the health and well-being of adolescent girls in Nigeria and other similar settings.

PROSPERO Registration

CRD42024529497
Higher body roundness index (BRI) increases infertility among U.S. women aged 18–45 years
Authors: Gong Hongyang , Duan Shuqin , Choi Seok , Huang Shaoqun
Published: December 2024

Objective

Infertility is associated with obesity. The Body Roundness Index (BRI) is a body measurement index related to obesity that more accurately assesses body and visceral fat levels. However, the relationship between BRI and infertility remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between BRI and infertility.

Methods

This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2013 to 2018 and included 3,528 women aged 18–45 years. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to investigate the association between BRI and infertility. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis explored the linear or non-linear relationship between BRI and infertility. Interaction analyses were conducted on subgroups to validate the findings. To verify the robustness of the results, we performed several sensitivity analyses, including propensity score matching(PSM) and multiple imputations for missing data. Furthermore, the predictive capabilities of various anthropometric indices—including BRI, weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), body mass index (BMI), and weight—on infertility incidence were assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

There was a significant positive association between BRI and infertility. After adjusting for covariates, for each unit increase in BRI, there was a 12% increase in the probability of infertility (P < 0.001). This positive correlation persisted when BRI was categorized into quartiles. Moreover, as BRI increased, there was a trend towards higher infertility prevalence (P for trend < 0.001). The dose-response curve indicated a linear association between BRI and infertility, with higher BRI associated with higher infertility risk. The correlation between BRI and infertility persisted in subgroup analysis and multiple imputations. The ROC curve analysis revealed that BRI had a superior predictive capability compared to traditional obesity indices, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.618 (95% CI, 0.588–0.648).

Conclusion

The results of this study show a strong positive correlation between BRI and the prevalence of infertility.

Clinical trial number

Not Applicable.
Novel pathogenic variant in a mild case of type B molybdenum cofactor deficiency: case report and literature review
Authors: Kinsinger Morgan , Ivanisevic Jelena , Mithal Divakar S.
Published: December 2024

Background

Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the highly conserved biosynthetic pathway of molybdenum cofactor (MoCo), resulting in sulfite intoxication. MoCD may present in a clinically severe, fatal form marked by intractable seizures after birth, hyperekplexia, microcephaly and cerebral atrophy, or a later onset form with a more varied clinical course. Three types of MoCD have been described based on the effected gene along the MoCo synthesis pathway: type A (MOCS1); type B (MOCS2 or MOCS3) and type C (GPHN). The MOCS2 gene is bicistronic, encoding the small (MOCS2A) and large (MOCS2B) subunits with an overlapping coding region. This case report describes a patient with the first known variant causative of mild disease in the overlapping bicistronic region (c.263 G > C) and the first ever described in the highly conserved C-terminal glycine-glycine motif of MOCS2A.

Case presentation

The patient developed normally until age 12 months when she presented in the setting of acute illness with developmental regression, low serum uric acid, and MRI with bilateral globus pallidus (GP) injury. Exome sequencing identified a homozygous variant of unknown significance in the MOCS2 gene and the diagnosis of MoCD type B was confirmed by the patient’s low serum uric acid coupled with elevated urine sulfocysteine and associated metabolites, resulting in gene reclassification. Nearly four years after her initial presentation she has demonstrated progress in language and motor domains, consistent with a mild phenotype of MoCD.

Conclusions

The case emphasizes challenges in identifying atypical forms of rare diseases, the importance of exome sequencing to identify mild cases of MoCD, and the ongoing challenges with understanding the MOCS2 gene. While one FDA approved treatment exists for MoCD type A, further research into the mechanisms of phenotype-genotype differences among this patient population may aid in additional therapeutic options for MoCD.
Cultural and religious structures influencing the use of maternal health services in Nigeria: a focused ethnographic research
Authors: Opara Uchechi Clara , Iheanacho Peace Njideka , Petrucka Pammla
Published: December 2024

Background

Cultural and religious structures encompass a set pattern of values, beliefs, systems and practices that define a community's behaviour and identity. These structures influence women's health-seeking behaviour and access to maternal health services, predisposing women to preventable maternal health complications. However, most maternal health policies have focused on biomedical strategies, with limited attention to women’s cultural challenges around childbirth. The overall aim of this paper is to provide a thick description and understanding of cultural and religious structures in Nigeria, their meaning and how they influence women’s use of maternal health services.

Methods

Roper and Shapira’s (2000) focused ethnography comprising 189 h of observation of nine women from the third trimester to deliveries. Using purposive and snowballing techniques, 21 in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions comprising 13 women, were conducted in two Nigerian primary healthcare facilities in rural and urban area of Kogi State. Data was analyzed using the steps described by Roper and Shapira.

Results

Using the PEN-3 cultural model, nine themes were generated. Positive factor, such as the language of communication, existential factor, such as religion, and negative factors, such as the use of prayer houses and lack of women’s autonomy, were either positive or negative enablers influencing women’s use of maternal health services. Additionally, women's perceptions, such as their dependency on God and reliance on cultural norms were significant factors that influence the use of maternal health services. We also found that the use of herbal medicine was a negative enabler of women’s access to facility care. At the same time, family support was also a positive and a negative nurturer that could influence how women use facility care. Finally, factors such as religion, Ibegwu, and male child syndrome were negative nurturers influencing women’s contraceptive use.

Conclusion

Cultural and religious structures are significant factors that could promote or limit women’s use of maternal health services. Further studies are needed to understand culturally focused approaches to enhance women’s use of maternal health services in Nigeria.
Acromioclavicular joint cyst presenting with findings concerning for a soft tissue tumor – a case report
Authors: Schutz John F. , Hamad Christopher D. , Russell Michael D. , Abdeljaber Mahmuod , Nelson Scott D. , Eilber Fritz
Published: December 2024

Case

We present the case of a 73-year-old female with an acromioclavicular joint cyst associated with atypical, exquisite, progressive pain, and imaging findings concerning for neoplastic etiology. She underwent en bloc resection of the trapezium containing this cystic mass and distal clavicle. Surgical pathology demonstrated findings consistent with a large ganglion cyst without evidence of malignancy.

Conclusion

Our case serves to emphasize the importance of stepwise evaluation and appropriate treatment of such cysts while utilizing appropriate principles of oncologic resection in cases where a neoplastic etiology is considered.
Recent advances in sarcoma therapy: new agents, strategies and predictive biomarkers
Authors: Pan Minggui , Zhou Maggie , Xie Lu , Bui Nam , Ganjoo Kristen
Published: December 2024

Soft tissue and bone sarcomas are a heterogenous group of uncommon mesenchymal tumors with high unmet needs for novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Despite many challenges that persist, innovative therapeutics are emerging. Here we provide a review of the studies presented at the 2024 American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meeting that were focused on sarcoma. There were many outstanding studies that were reported at the meeting. We begin by discussing the clinical studies on soft tissue sarcoma (STS) that included multiple histology subtypes, followed by highlighting developments in cellular therapy, before delving into specific STS histologic subtypes followed by a section covering the studies that were focused on predictive biomarkers. We conclude by discussing the studies in bone sarcomas. Some of the studies discussed here are likely to be practice changing. Some of the early-phase clinical trials have shown encouraging results.
Re-analysis of data from cluster randomised trials to explore the impact of model choice on estimates of odds ratios: study protocol
Authors: Hemming Karla , Thompson Jacqueline Y. , Taljaard Monica , Watson Samuel I. , Kasza Jessica , Thompson Jennifer A. , Kahan Brennan C. , Copas Andrew J.
Published: December 2024

Background

There are numerous approaches available to analyse data from cluster randomised trials. These include cluster-level summary methods and individual-level methods accounting for clustering, such as generalised estimating equations and generalised linear mixed models. There has been much methodological work showing that estimates of treatment effects can vary depending on the choice of approach, particularly when estimating odds ratios, essentially because the different approaches target different estimands.

Methods

In this manuscript, we describe the protocol for a planned re-analysis of data from a large number of cluster randomised trials. Our main objective is to examine empirically whether and how odds ratios estimated using different approaches (for both primary and secondary binary outcomes) vary in cluster randomised trials. We describe the methods that will be used to identify the datasets for inclusion and how they will be analysed and reported.

Discussion

There have been a number of small comparisons of empirical differences between the different approaches to analysis for CRTs. The systematic approach outlined in this protocol will allow a much deeper understanding of when there are important choices around the model approach and in which settings. This will be of importance given the heightened awareness of the importance of estimands and the specification of statistical analysis plans.
Scoping review of fidelity strategies used in behaviour change trials delivered in primary dental care settings
Authors: Lowers V. , Kirby R. , Young B. , Harris R.V.
Published: December 2024

Background

Primary dental care settings are strategically important locations where randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of behaviour change interventions (BCIs) can be tested to tackle oral diseases. Findings have so far produced equivocal results. Improving treatment fidelity is posed as a mechanism to improve scientific rigour, consistency and implementation of BCIs. The National Institutes of Health Behaviour Change Consortium (NIH BCC) developed a tool to assess and evaluate treatment fidelity in health behaviour change interventions, which has yet to be applied to the primary dental care BCI literature.

Method

We conducted a scoping review of RCTs delivered in primary dental care by dental team members (in real-world settings) between 1980 and 2023. Eligible studies were coded using the NIH BCC checklist to determine the presence of reported fidelity strategies across domains: design, training, delivery, receipt and enactment.

Results

We included 34 eligible articles, reporting 21 RCTs. Fidelity reporting variations were found both between and within NIH BCC domains: strategy reporting ranged from 9.5 to 85.7% in design, 9.5 to 57.1% in training, 0 to 66.7% in delivery, 14.3 to 36.8% in receipt and 13.3 to 33.3% in enactment. The most reported domain was design (M = 0.45), and the least reported domain was delivery (M = 0.21). Only one study reported over 50% of the recommended strategies in every domain.

Conclusions

This review revealed inconsistencies in fidelity reporting with no evidence that fidelity guidelines or frameworks were being used within primary dental care trials. This has highlighted issues with interpretability, reliability and reproducibility of research findings. Recommendations are proposed to assist primary dental care trialists with embedding fidelity strategies into future research.
Medications for opioid use disorders among incarcerated persons and those in the community supervision setting: exploration of implementation issues with key stakeholders
Authors: Kang Augustine W. , Bailey Amelia , Surace Anthony , Stein Lynda , Rohsenow Damaris , Martin Rosemarie A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Receipt of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) critically reduces opioid-related mortality during the post-incarceration period. Optimal provision of this care to individuals on community supervision (i.e., probation) requires an understanding of this unique and complex system at the local level.

Methods

We conducted in-depth individual interviews with key treatment providers and probation staff (n = 10) involved with the provision of MOUD to individuals on community supervision in the Northeast. Interviews explored perspectives on the provision of MOUD and support services during the community supervision period. Thematic analysis was conducted to describe inductive and deductive codes, subcodes, and themes.

Results

Stakeholders shared diverse attitudes about the benefits and drawbacks of MOUD utilization. The provision of MOUD during the community supervision period was perceived to be influenced by both treatment and probation organizational characteristics, including the structures and values of the agencies. As such, the specific context of the community supervision setting facilitated and impeded MOUD delivery. Persistent challenges to enhancing MOUD delivery to this population remain including widespread MOUD stigma, inter-agency communication issues, and structural barriers to healthcare (i.e., transportation, finances).

Conclusions

There are opportunities to enhance access to evidence-based OUD treatment for persons on community supervision by engaging probation agencies and community treatment staff in systems change.
Biomechanical stability of magnesium plate and screw fixation systems in LeFort I osteotomy: a three-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Cho Su-Min , Yang Byoung-Eun , Kim Won-Hyeon , Park Sang-Yoon , On Sung-Woon , Lee Jong-Ho , Byun Soo-Hwan
Published: December 2024

Background

Titanium (Ti–6Al–4 V) is used for fixation in LeFort I osteotomy, a procedure for treating midface deformities. This study assessed the biomechanical stabilities of two Mg alloys (WE43 and ZK60) as biodegradable alternatives and compared them against Ti using finite element analyses. The LeFort I osteotomy procedure was simulated, and various plate and screw configurations were tested. The maximum principal and peak von Mises stresses in the metal plates and bone screws were measured under four load conditions, and the stability was evaluated.

Results

The holes in the Mg screws, as compared with the Ti counterparts, exhibited higher and lower stress levels in the cortical and cancellous bones, respectively. The Mg screws also exhibited a higher fracture risk. The ZK60 plate, as compared with the Ti and WE43 plates, exhibited a lower fracture risk under all load conditions. ZK60 exhibited higher biomechanical stability in terms of maintaining the gap between osteotomy surfaces and lower fracture risk; the osteotomy surfaces with Ti im-plants underwent bone impaction, resulting in gap closure.

Conclusions

Although the Mg implants exhibited better stress distribution, their screw strength requires improvement. Appropriate improvements can promote the use of Mg alloys in bone fixation applications.
Associations of Habitual Skeletal Loading with Bone Changes During the Menopausal Transition: A Follow-up Study
Authors: Suominen Tuuli H. , Rantalainen Timo , Hyvärinen Matti , Kujala Urho M. , Aukee Pauliina , Tammelin Tuija H. , Laakkonen Eija K. , Sipilä Sarianna
Published: December 2024

Purpose

While weight-bearing physical activity (PA) benefits bone health, it remains unclear whether PA can counteract hormone-driven menopausal bone deterioration. This secondary analysis of a population-based prospective follow-up study examined changes in bone health indicators around menopause and evaluated whether accelerometer-measured habitual skeletal loading is associated with these changes.

Methods

A total of 189 initially perimenopausal women without estrogen therapy (mean age 52 [SD 2] years) were followed until they became postmenopausal (mean follow-up time 15 [9] months). Femoral neck bone mineral density (FN BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured with dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Femoral and tibial shaft volumetric BMD (vBMD), cross-sectional geometry, and stress-strain index (SSI) were assessed using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in a subset of 61 women. Habitual skeletal loads (mean daily osteogenic index [OI] and low, medium, and high-intensity impact counts) were evaluated with multiple-day free-living accelerometry records. Longitudinal associations of habitual skeletal loads and bone outcomes were analyzed with GEE models.

Results

Consistent decreases were observed in FN BMD and BMC, and femoral and tibial shaft vBMD and SSI (p < 0.001) over the follow-up. Slight decreases over the follow-up were also observed in OI and medium impacts in the full sample, and medium and high impact counts in the subsample (p < 0.05). Medium impacts were associated with tibial shaft vBMD and SSI (β = 0.204, 95% CI [0.018, 0.391] and β = 0.077 95% CI [0.000, 0.154], respectively). High impacts were associated with femoral shaft vBMD (β = 0.186 95% CI [0.006, 0.366]. However, no association was observed between habitual skeletal loads and changes in bone characteristics over the follow-up.

Conclusions

We observed a rather uniform skeletal response to the menopausal transition at all measured bone sites. Positive associations were found between medium and high-intensity impacts and bone characteristics at the femoral and tibial shafts. However, habitual skeletal loading did not seem to counteract bone deterioration during the menopausal transition.
A Warm Environment Reduces Exogenous Glucose Oxidation and Endurance Performance during Cycling with Facing Airflow
Authors: Reynolds Kirsty M. , Funnell Mark P. , Collins Adam J. , Mears Stephen A. , Pugh Jamie N. , James Lewis J.
Published: December 2024

Exercise in warm environments increases thermal/cardiovascular strain and decreases gastrointestinal (GI) integrity and endurance performance. However, laboratory-based studies have provided little to/no facing airflow, potentially exacerbating these effects, particularly for cycling, where convective cooling may be a major contributor to thermal balance.

Purpose

This study investigated the effect of cycling in a warm vs temperate environment with sufficient facing airflow on exogenous glucose use, performance, and GI responses.

Methods

Ten trained male cyclists/triathletes (36 ± 6 y; 55 ± 6 mL/kg/min) completed V̇O2peak and familiarisation trials, and two experimental trials in 19 °C (TEMP) and 32 °C (WARM). Experimental trials involved 2 h cycling at ~50% Wpeak (preload) and an ~15 min time trial (TT) with fan-provided airflow covering the cyclist (preload: ~29 km/h, TT: ~35 km/h). A glucose drink containing [U-13C]-glucose was consumed every 20 min during the preload (72 g/h).

Results

Average 40-120 min (TEMP 0.56 ± 0.13 g/min; WARM 0.48 ± 0.12 g/min; 15%; P = 0.015) and peak (TEMP 0.79 ± 0.18 g/min; WARM 0.68 ± 0.14 g/min; 14%; P = 0.008) exogenous glucose oxidation were reduced in WARM. TT performance was 15% slower in WARM (TEMP 819 ± 47 s; WARM 961 ± 130 s; P = 0.002). GI temperature (P = 0.007), heart rate (P < 0.001), and RPE (P = 0.046) were greater during WARM. GI comfort (P = 0.659) and Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein (IFABP) (P = 0.094) were not different between trials.

Conclusions

These data demonstrate that ability to use glucose provided in drinks was impaired during prolonged cycling in WARM. WARM ambient conditions impaired laboratory-based cycling performance, even with facing airflow approximating outdoor conditions, likely via impairments of thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and metabolic function.
Long-term variations in peak electron density and temperature of mesopause region: Dependence on solar, geomagnetic, and atmospheric activities, long-term trends
Authors: Zherebtsov Geliy , Ratovsky Konstantin , Medvedeva Irina
Published: December 2024

The paper overviews the main results of the study of long-term variations in characteristics of the upper neutral atmosphere and ionosphere, obtained during the implementation of Russian Science Foundation Project No. 22-17-00146 “Experimental and theoretical study of the coupling neutral and ionized components of Earth’s atmosphere”. We study and compare long-term variations in the peak electron density and temperature of the mesopause region. Their dependences on solar, geomagnetic, and atmospheric activity, as well as long-term trends, are analyzed. The analysis is based on data from long-term measurements with the ISTP SB RAS complex of instruments. The peak electron density (NmF2) data was acquired with the Irkutsk analog automatic ionospheric station for 1955–1996 and the Irkutsk digital ionosonde DPS-4 for 2003–2021. The atmospheric temperatures at mesopause altitudes (Tm) were obtained from spectrometric observations of the hydroxyl molecule emission (OH (6-2) band, 834.0 nm, emission maximum height ~87 km) for 2008–2020. The analysis uses solar (F10.7) and geomagnetic (Ap) activity indices, as well as data on variations in the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). The study employs simple and multiple linear regression methods. Annual average NmF2 values are found to be predominantly controlled by changes in solar flux. Analysis of regression residuals shows that the largest deviations from regression (for both simple and multiple regression) are observed in years near the maxima of solar cycles 19 (1956–1959) and 22 (1989–1991). Annual average temperature variability in the mesopause region correlates with changes in the SOI index: day-to-day variability exhibits a positive correlation with SOI; and intra-diurnal variability, a negative correlation with SOI. No significant relationship was found between year-to-year variations in the NmF2 and Tm variability.
Dependence of normal modes of the barotropic vortex equation on the mean flow structure and numerical simulation parameters
Authors: Mordvinov Vladimir , Devyatova Elena , Tomozov Vladimir
Published: December 2024

We present the results of numerical simulations of normal modes of the mean flow due to the superposition of cyclonic and anticyclonic vortices at high latitudes. Such a flow structure is often observed in the upper troposphere — the lower stratosphere in winter. Our aim is to identify normal modes in the oscillation spectrum that resemble torsional oscillations. We solve the problem numerically, using a barotropic quasi-geostrophic model. Additionally, we estimate the dependence of the normal modes on experimental parameters (the number of spherical harmonics in the stream function field expansion, the parameterization of viscosity and hyperviscosity).
The simulation results show that flow instability almost always increases with increasing amplitude of the anticyclonic vortex to varying degrees at different viscosities and different numbers of harmonics in the field expansion. The spatial structure of the most unstable normal modes changes most chaotically when the experiment parameters and the mean flow change. This significantly complicates the interpretation of real oscillations in terms of normal modes, including the interpretation of torsional oscillations. Axisymmetric normal modes are often present in the spectrum, but they do not have all the properties of torsional oscillations and do not dominate the spectrum.
‘Lely-wyte, clene with pure virginyté’: The N-Town 'Nativity', the Virgin Mary, and Trans Misogyny
Authors: Rivkin Nat
Published: December 2024

This article examines how the Virgin Mary’s immaculate childbirth in the N-Town ‘Nativity’ illuminates recent scholarship on trans misogyny. I argue that the N-Town ‘Nativity’ diagnoses Mary’s enduring virginity after childbirth as itself a form of gender variance, and the play punishes the doubtful midwife Salomé for her lack of faith in another’s claim to womanhood. Moreover, this early Christian drama allows scholars today to contest the hostile myth that trans misogyny is at once natural and biblically sanctioned. Mary’s durable yet opaque virginity generates the anatomical scrutiny too often evoked by contemporary trans femininities.
Editorial
Authors: Gough Melinda J. , Kelly Erin E.
Published: December 2024

This editorial for Early Theatre issue 27.2 (December 2024) introduces the issue's two Issues in Review sections and outlines additional journal-related news, including new initiatives regarding digital accessibility.
Aplicación de un ciclo de mejora en el aula en Teoría de la Imagen
Authors: Villén Higueras Sergio Jesús
Published: December 2024

El presente texto recoge los fundamentos y los resultados obtenidos de un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula (CIMA) experimentado en Teoría de la Imagen, una asignatura del Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas que se cursa en el tercer
curso. El CIMA se ha llevado a cabo en el primer cuatrimestre del curso 2023/2024
y ha tenido una duración de 8 horas (4 sesiones de 2 horas). Aunque la asignatura es esencialmente teórica, se ha adoptado un enfoque propio del aprendizaje
basado en proyectos. En este sentido, se aborda el tema de la imagen secuencial
mediante el desarrollo de un proyecto consistente en la creación de una miniserie para TikTok.
Innovación docente feminista y géneros cinematográficos en Comunicación Audiovisual
Authors: Mata-Núñez Almudena
Published: December 2024

Este trabajo aborda el diseño y la aplicación de un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula
(CIMA) en la asignatura de Géneros y Formatos Audiovisuales, en el grado en Comunicación Audiovisual. La propuesta plantea los contenidos desde la perspectiva feminista y los Estudios de Género en torno al concepto de gendered genre
empleado en narrativa. El enfoque metodológico prioriza el papel activo del
alumnado en la generación de conocimiento, relegando al docente a un puesto
secundario en el aula. Los resultados de este CIMA son ambivalentes en términos
cuantitativos, con mejoras y cierto estatismo en la adquisición de ideas, por lo
que será necesario reformular el cuestionario de exploración. Cualitativamente,
se ha registrado una alta satisfacción de los estudiantes, la participación en el
aula se ha multiplicado y se ha fomentado la crítica feminista de las producciones audiovisuales
Implementación de un ciclo de mejora en Tecnologías de los nuevos medios audiovisuales: Diseño web
Authors: Corral Rey María Nieves
Published: December 2024

a implementación de este Ciclo de Mejora en el aula (CIMA) se ha llevado
a cabo en la asignatura Tecnologías de los nuevos medios audiovisuales y tuvo
como objetivo trabajar la importancia de la Experiencia de Usuario (UX) y la Interfaz de Usuario (UI) en el diseño web. Se trata de una asignatura de 3º del Grado
en Comunicación que se cursa en el segundo cuatrimestre y busca una mejora del
aprendizaje de los conceptos que intervienen en el diseño web fruto de la aplicación del lenguaje de marcado HTML5 y CSS3. En la presente aportación se detalla
el diseño de la experiencia docente y los resultados obtenidos en el aprendizaje
de los estudiantes, que reflejan una consistente mejora en los cuestionarios posteriores al CIMA desarrollado
Desafiando la desconexión literaria: ciclo de mejora en la asignatura Literatura Española del Grado en Educación Primaria
Authors: Macannuco Ana
Published: December 2024

El Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula (CIMA) aplicado en la asignatura de Literatura Española, parte práctica, para estudiantes de último año en el grado de Educación
Primaria abordó la tarea de acercar la poesía y los cuentos contemporáneos a un
alumnado mayormente desinteresado en la materia. El diseño del CIMA se centró
en dos objetivos clave: familiarizar al alumnado con la poesía y acercarles al análisis textual. El proceso supuso la creación de un modelo metodológico constructivista, la formulación de los contenidos como preguntas clave, la elaboración de
un mapa de contenidos y la planificación de una secuencia de actividades. Tras
la aplicación del CIMA, el análisis de las respuestas del alumnado a cuestionarios
iniciales y finales reveló una mejora sustancial en la comprensión y apreciación
de la literatura por parte de los estudiantes.
Innovación docente y espacio cooperativo: un CIMA en la asignatura de Ética y Gestión de Enfermería
Authors: Pérez Jiménez José Miguel
Published: December 2024

Como miembro de primer año de la Red Permanente de Formación e Innovación Docente, he desarrollado este Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula (CIMA), que complementa al que diseñé en el Curso General de Docencia Universitaria. Se ha
realizado en cinco seminarios de dos horas de duración cada uno, dentro de la
asignatura de Ética y Gestión de Enfermería, de 3er curso del grado en Enfermería.
Tratamos de fomentar la capacidad crítica, de análisis, de pensamiento abstracto
y de formulación de hipótesis del alumnado. Nuestra visión es crear un entorno
de debate, un espacio emprendedor y cooperativo en el aula, con las ideas de los
estudiantes, desde el cual podemos aprovechar la parte experimental y no tanto
la académica. Es decir, poder conducir al alumnado hasta los temas de cada clase
con el marco de referencia siempre del mapa de contenidos. Utilizamos las técnicas docentes de aula invertida y trabajo colaborativo. Se incorporó además la
evaluación de conocimientos previos y final que ayudaron a orientar las sesiones
para una mayor comprensión del contenido, además, de un cuestionario de satisfacción. Los resultados muestran una mejora en el aprendizaje y una satisfacción notable.
Mejora docente en la etapa de la valoración del proceso enfermero en la asignatura Historia, Teoría y Métodos II
Authors: Cáceres Matos Rocío
Published: December 2024

Se realizó un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula (CIMA) en la asignatura Historia, Teoría y Métodos de la Enfermería II del Grado en Enfermería de la Universidad de
Sevilla. Se centró en la etapa de la valoración del Proceso Enfermero, con un total de 10 horas, distribuidas en cinco sesiones de dos horas cada una a través de
un proceso de aprendizaje basado en problemas. A través de un cuestionario prepost se evaluó el nivel de adquisición de conocimientos del alumnado. Los resultados mostraron una mejora significativa en un alto porcentaje del alumnado
para todas las preguntas evaluadas.
Innovación docente en Historia del español
Authors: de la Torre Gutiérre Francisco Alonso
Published: December 2024

En esta contribución se presenta el diseño y aplicación de un CIMA atingente
a una de las unidades didácticas del temario de la asignatura Historia del español I, impartida en el tercer curso del Grado en Filología Hispánica y en el Doble
Grado en Filología Hispánica y Clásicas: «Los elementos alógenos en la formación
de los romances peninsulares: el germánico y el árabe». Este proyecto está diseñado para ser desarrollado en siete sesiones, las cuales, en la Facultad de Filología, duran, cada una, 80 minutos. A partir de esta innovación docente se busca
1) atraer al alumno hacia conocimientos de índole lingüística y, en especial, de
lingüística diacrónica, dado que la mayor parte de los alumnos matriculados en
las carreras mencionadas se decantan por el estudio literario, y 2) dinamizar una
asignatura teóricamente muy compleja con una muy elevada tasa de suspensos
y repetidores de varias convocatorias. Se persigue, en función de los objetivos ya
aducidos, las siguientes finalidades: 1) fomentar un aprendizaje investigativo y
por descubrimiento que sustituya paulatinamente al modelo puramente transmisivo y 2) centrar la enseñanza en el alumno, no en el profesor
Convirtiendo a los estudiantes en detectives de la lengua. Un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula para la asignatura de El español de América
Authors: Martín del Barrio Irene
Published: December 2024

En este capítulo, presentamos una propuesta de innovación docente destinada a la asignatura El español de América del grado de Filología Hispánica. En
concreto, abordamos el bloque relativo a los rasgos morfosintácticos del español
americano. Durante el diseño de nuestro CIMA, comenzamos elaborando un mapa
de contenidos que trató de reconciliar la doble ordenación posible de la materia:
según categorías gramaticales y según regiones geográficas. Seguidamente, desarrollamos una secuencia de actividades siguiendo la estructura de nuestro modelo metodológico posible. Para ello, recopilamos y adaptamos un conjunto de
textos del español americano pertenecientes al corpus Ameresco y diseñamos
una serie de hojas de trabajo con las que los estudiantes fueron abordando los
distintos fenómenos morfosintácticos del español de América a partir del análisis
guiado de los materiales. Con este trabajo, pretendemos ofrecer una propuesta
didáctica que contribuya a la dinamización de esta asignatura planteando a los
alumnos el reto de convertirse en detectives de la lengua.
De Salem a #SayHerName: innovando en la enseñanza universitaria de literatura inglesa y norteamericana a través de los estudios culturales
Authors: Martín Martínez Macarena
Published: December 2024

Este capítulo presenta un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula (CIMA) diseñado para la
enseñanza universitaria de estudios culturales y literatura en lengua inglesa. A
través de la interconexión entre manifestaciones artísticas y sus contextos históricos y socio-políticos (desde la edad moderna a la actualidad), así como entre
diferentes manifestaciones artísticas, este CIMA se propone abandonar el enfoque memorístico y acentuar el desarrollo de competencias procedimentales y
actitudinales, como la comprensión lectora, la escritura, el pensamiento crítico,
y la identificación de patrones sistemáticos. El presente capítulo no sólo muestra el mapa de contenidos, el modelo metodológico (modelo pedagógico «científico-deductivo») y la secuenciación de actividades que sigue este CIMA, sino que
también evalúa la repercusión de la implementación de este en el proceso de
aprendizaje del estudiantado.
Más allá del modelo tradicional de aprendizaje: Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula en la asignatura de Protohistoria de Europa
Authors: Rodríguez-Corral Javier
Published: December 2024

Este capítulo presenta los resultados del Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula (CIMA) llevado a cabo en la asignatura de Protohistoria de Europa, impartida en el Grado
de Arqueología en el curso académico 2023/2024. Este ciclo se enmarca dentro del
Programa de Formación e Innovación Docente del Profesorado (Programa FIDOP),
que forma parte del Plan Propio de Docencia de la Universidad de Sevilla. El objetivo último de esta experiencia ha sido replantear las dinámicas docentes de
corte tradicional centradas en las denominadas clases magistrales, avanzando
hacia un modelo en el que el alumno adopta un rol activo en la construcción
y aprendizaje del contenido de la asignatura, utilizando como estrategia de el
aprendizaje la resolución de problemas
Innovación docente en la asignatura Arte y Mercado. Una propuesta de mejora didáctica
Authors: Muñoz Nieto Enrique
Published: December 2024

Este texto recoge una propuesta de Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula (CIMA) de
la unidad docente «Mercado de arte y coleccionismo en el barroco», dentro de la
asignatura Arte y Mercado en la Sociedad Contemporánea, perteneciente al Grado
en Historia del Arte de la Universidad de Sevilla. Dicha propuesta surge gracias a
nuestra participación en el curso de Formación Docente del Profesorado (FIDOP)
durante el curso académico 2023/2024. Se pretendió una propuesta coherente,
atendiendo a las características propias de la asignatura, y ser la primera vez que
como docente trabajábamos dentro de este pautado proyecto.
Química para la agronomía: Un modelo docente innovador
Authors: Moreno Lora Aurora
Published: December 2024

Las prácticas de Química del Grado en Ingeniería Agrícola abordan diversas
operaciones básicas de laboratorio. A través de la observación en clase se ha
identificado que el alumnado tiene dificultades para relacionar los conceptos
teóricos con los procedimientos prácticos, lo que explicaría, en parte, la elevada
tasa de alumnos/as que no consiguen superar la asignatura. Esto hace que sea
necesaria una revisión y un cambio del modelo docente que se emplea en la actualidad. En este sentido, los Ciclos de Mejora en el Aula (CIMA) se presentan
como una herramienta útil y eficaz para mejorar el diseño, la aplicación y la evaluación de la práctica docente, con beneficios sobre el aprendizaje del alumnado.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la práctica docente, diseñar y proponer un
nuevo modelo metodológico y evaluar su repercusión sobre el aprendizaje del
alumnado. Para ello se propone centrar la enseñanza en el alumnado, en sus necesidades e intereses, partiendo de casos prácticos que les resulten inquietantes y que favorezcan su implicación en el proceso de aprendizaje. Por otro lado,
los contenidos se reorganizan siguiendo una secuencia lógica. Por último, se realiza una evaluación real del aprendizaje del alumnado, basado en su evolución a
lo largo de todo el proceso en lugar de solo considerar los resultados obtenidos
en una prueba final.
El estudiante en el centro: Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula en el Grado de Ingeniería Agrícola
Authors: Muñoz Vallés Sara
Published: December 2024

Las dinámicas de trabajo en el aula que involucran al alumnado de forma activa y como protagonista del proceso estimulan un aprendizaje profundo y autorregulado, presentando importantes ventajas frente a aquellas centradas en el
docente. El objetivo del desarrollo del presente Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula (CIMA),
en la asignatura Introducción a la Ganadería, del grado en Ingeniería Agrícola de
la Universidad de Sevilla, ha sido promover un aprendizaje auto-responsable,
mediante la aplicación de la construcción colaborativa de diagramas y talleres
conceptuales, y haciendo del alumnado el actor protagonista de las sesiones.
Las clases se han desarrollado en torno a la alimentación animal como centro en
la gestión de las explotaciones ganaderas. Los resultados fueron evaluados mediante escaleras de aprendizaje, donde las principales barreras se relacionaron
con el conocimiento previo y la comprensión de los ciclos bio-geo-químicos de la
materia involucrada en la alimentación animal. Tanto las herramientas como los
resultados de la experiencia han contribuido a la construcción de un mejor modelo docente personal.
Cyberattacks, Operational Disruption, and Investment in Resilience Measures
Authors: August Terrence , Noh Daehoon , Shamir Noam , Shin Hyoduk
Published: December 2024

With the increased frequency and magnitude of cyberattacks, policymakers and the private sector search for ways to counter this threat. One of the main initiatives suggested to achieve this goal is sharing cybersecurity-related information. Although the general belief is that information sharing can increase both industry profit and social welfare, it is unclear whether firms would voluntarily share such information. In this paper, we examine the incentives of firms to share cybersecurity-related information, how information sharing impacts investments in cyber resilience, and the aggregate impact on welfare. We find that firms only voluntarily share information in less competitive markets when the impact of the disruption is high. In all other cases, firms elect not to share information, despite potential welfare benefits. To facilitate information sharing, we investigate an exclusionary policy (i.e., sharing must be mutual) and demonstrate market conditions under which this policy incentivizes information sharing. However, when competition is intense, even the exclusionary policy is ineffective because it reduces industry profit. To inform stronger interventions, we examine firms being mandated to disclose their private cyberthreat information. We demonstrate that an opportunity does exist for such disclosure, particularly when the cost of investing in cyber resilience is high. However, policymakers must use caution with such a policy because applying this intervention when investment costs are not high leads to a steep reduction in welfare.

This paper was accepted by D. J. Wu, information systems.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00430 .