bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study of Heat Transfer in Turbulent Cross-Flow Over Porous-Coated Cylinder
Authors: Rahmati N. , Mansoori Z. , Saffar-Avval M. , Ahmadi G.
Published: October 2017

In the present paper, a numerical study has been conducted to investigate the heat transfer from a constant temperature cylinder covered with metal foam. The cylinder is placed horizontally and is subjected to a constant mean cross-flow in turbulent regime. The Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer equations are combined and used for flow analysis. The energy equation used assumes local thermal equilibrium between fluid and solid phases in porous media. The k-ω SST turbulence model is used to evaluate the eddy viscosity that is implemented in the momentum and energy equations. The flow in the metal foam (porous media) is in laminar regime. Governing equations are solved using the finite volume SIMPLEC algorithm. The effect of thermophysical properties of metal foam such as porosity and permeability on the Nusselt number is investigated. The results showed that using a metal porous layer with low porosity and high Darcy number in high Reynolds number turbulent flows markedly increases heat transfer rates. The corresponding increase in the Nusselt number is as high as 10 times that of a bare tube without the metal foam.
Liquid Atomization and Spray: A Multi-Scale Description
Authors: Dumouchel Christophe
Published: October 2017

A multi-scale approach to investigate liquid atomization processes is introduced. It describes the liquid system by the scale distribution whose determination is inspired from the Euclidean Distance Mapping used to measure the fractal dimension of a contour. The scale distribution is introduced in 2D and in 3D and applications from previous investigations are presented. The 2D applications are performed on experimental images and the 3D applications are performed on results obtained from Direct Numerical Simulation. The multi-scale analysis allows identifying and quantifying the mechanisms responsible for the interface evolution according to the scale. Among other results, the analyses presented here demonstrate the improvement of the atomization process when an elongation mechanism contributes to the thinning of the small structures. The multi-scale tool also provides new metrics that may be used to validate simulation results. An example of this is presented and discussed. Finally, the paper evokes several approaches to implementing the scale-distribution concept to improve or build new models.
A systematic review of the feather mite genus Hyperpedalloptes Dubinin (Acariformes: Alloptidae) from Old World ibises (Pelecaniformes: Threskiornithidae), with descriptions of previously unknown adult morphs
Authors: Hernandes Fabio A. , Mironov Sergey V.
Published: October 2017

Hyperpedalloptes Dubinin (Analgoidea: Alloptidae) is one of the most amazing feather mite genera due to the strong hypertrophy of legs I in males, displayed asymmetrically in some species. Each of the three known species occurs on a particular ibis species of the genus Threskiornis (Pelecaniformes: Threskiornithidae). Based on examination of type and additionally collected materials, we (re)describe previously known and newly found male morphs of Hyperpedalloptes species and describe for the first time a female of H. petazophorus (Trouessart). We found that H. titanopedes Dubinin has three discrete morphs of males; those with asymmetrically hypertrophied legs I are considered to be heteromorphs, while males with symmetrically hypertrophied legs I and males without leg hypertrophy correspond to mesomorphs and homeomorphs, respectively. The previously known morphs of H. petazophorus and H. corymbophorus (Trouessart & Neumann) with symmetrically hypertrophied legs I are treated here as mesomorphic males.
Effect of well/barrier thickness ratio on strain relaxation in GaN/AlN superlattices grown on GaN/sapphire template
Authors: Kryvyi Serhii B. , Lytvyn Petro M. , Kladko Vasyl P. , Stanchu Hryhorii V. , Kuchuk Andrian V. , Mazur Yuriy. I. , Salamo Gregory J. , Li Shibin , Kogutyuk Pavlo P. , Belyaev Alexander E.
Published: October 2017

In this study, the authors investigate the influence of increasing well-to-barrier thickness ratio (from one up to ten times) on the growth mechanism and strain relaxation of 20-periods GaN/AlN superlattices (SLs) on GaN(0001)/sapphire template. High-resolution x-ray diffraction was performed to determine the strain state and structural parameters of the SL. The total thickness of the SL and the individual thicknesses of the quantum well and the barrier layers were additionally determined by strain insensitive x-ray reflectometry. A slight difference between the measured and designed thicknesses of quantum well and barrier layers was observed. The surface modifications of the samples were investigated with atomic force microscopy. It was observed that the growth mechanism of the GaN/AlN SLs changes with the increase of well-to-barrier thickness ratio, from the columnar to the planar two-dimensional layer-by-layer growth. High density of cracks and/or threading dislocations are observed on the surfaces of all samples, and their correlation with the thicknesses of the SL layers and residual strain in the SL is analyzed.
Utilization of Collaborations to Engage Children in Physical Activity: A Community-Based Research Approach
Authors: Brock Sheri J. , Wadsworth Danielle , Foote Shelby , Rudisill Mary E.
Published: October 2017

Institutions of higher education have a responsibility to prioritize the needs of society and local communities. One essential need prevalent in all communities is to address the rise of obesity and health risks due to lack of participation in physical activity. In the United States, children spend a small percentage of time engaged in physical activity, and engagement decreases further in adolescence and adulthood. Collaborative partnerships between kinesiology faculty at universities and community organizations are one avenue for engaging children in physical activity. Partnerships must be multilevel and community wide to evoke change and have long-term impact and sustainability. Within the context of community-based research, we propose a three-step framework for establishing collaborative partnerships: (1) determining the needs of partners; (2) discussing expertise, services, and philosophy; and (3) providing a quality product. In addition, we outline and illustrate our experiences when collaborating with community partners to promote physical activity.
A Framework for Addressing Mental Health Issues on Campus Through the Implementation of Coursework, Outreach, and Partnership Building
Authors: Wadsworth Danielle D. , Clanton Reita , Dyke Ford , Brock Sheri J. , Rudisill Mary E.
Published: October 2017

Mental health is a major concern for higher education and students are starting their college experience with psychological issues or developing mental health problems after enrollment. Because physical activity and exercise have known mental health benefits, the field of kinesiology can facilitate the delivery of physical activity and exercise programs aimed at reducing stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as promote healthy coping mechanisms. The School of Kinesiology at Auburn University has implemented a framework to address mental health on campus and within our community. Our framework consists of coursework, outreach efforts, and establishing key partnerships to facilitate the delivery and sustainability of our programs. Our programs enable individuals to establish self-regulation skills, use a mindfulness-based approach, or participate in yoga, thereby establishing effective and healthy coping mechanisms. This paper discusses the evolution of our framework, as well as barriers and facilitators of implementation and sustainability.
An Educational Relationship Between an Athletic Training Program and an Elementary School
Authors: Moffit Dani M. , Mansell Jamie L. , Russ Anne C.
Published: October 2017

Temple University Owls Athletic Training Society (OATS), committed to education and community involvement, formed a relationship with Lanning Square Elementary School (LSE). Located less than 10 miles from campus in Camden, NJ, a high incidence of poverty, violence, and one-parent families is the norm. Through a grant, OATS adopted the fifth-grade classes at LSE for 1 year, beginning with letter exchanges between OATS students and elementary students. OATS traveled to LSE for their holiday party, met their pen pals, and provided healthy snacks. In the spring, the LSE completed a health/wellness unit and visited Temple. Students shared several health activities including learning about bones/muscles in the anatomy laboratory, stretching properly, and exercising. They received lunch and Temple mementos. OATS raised money the following year to continue the project. This allowed OATS and administrators to participate positively in our community, promote diversity, and introduce healthy lifestyles to youngsters.
The Assessment of Transferable Skills in a Campus Recreation Program: An Exploratory Case Study on how Professionals Teach and how Student Employees Learn
Authors: Bolton Clay , Rosselli Anthony C.
Published: October 2017

Recently, two leading organizations on student experiences in colleges and universities (i.e., NACA and NIRSA) issued a call for increased scholarship in the area of transferable work skills (identified by NACE) in student employees within campus recreation programs. An exploratory case study was conducted to provide insight into what student employees learn and what campus recreation staff teach (in regards to these transferable skills) at a campus recreation program at a midsized regional university in the southwestern United States. Data were collected via a survey of both student employees and professional staff concerning the opportunities to learn these skills. Focus groups were also conducted. The results demonstrate that student workers learn through doing. Aquatics was one key area identified where staff clearly teach and student employees must learn transferable skills. The results suggest that student employees need to be provided with opportunities to critically reflect on skills gained.
TGF-β receptor I/II trafficking and signaling at primary cilia are inhibited by ceramide to attenuate cell migration and tumor metastasis
Authors: Gencer Salih , Oleinik Natalia , Kim Jisun , Panneer Selvam Shanmugam , De Palma Ryan , Dany Mohammed , Nganga Rose , Thomas Raquela J. , Senkal Can E. , Howe Philip H. , Ogretmen Besim
Published: October 2017

Ceramide forms complexes with Smad7 to inhibit cell migration–associated TGF-β–sonic hedgehog signaling in primary cilia.
A supersuppressor for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ferrarelli Leslie K.
Published: October 2017

A mutation in p53 enhances its induction of a phosphatase that inhibits YAP, a critical mediator of pancreatic cancer development.
Efficacy and Tolerability Outcomes of a Phase II, Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter Study of a New Water-Dispersible Pediatric Formulation of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in African Infants
Authors: Gargano Nicola , Madrid Lola , Valentini Giovanni , D'Alessandro Umberto , Halidou Tinto , Sirima Sodiomon , Tshefu Antoinette , Mtoro Ali , Gesase Samwel ,   The Eurartesim Dispersible Study Group, Bassat Quique
Published: October 2017

Artemisinin combination therapies are considered the mainstay of malaria treatment, but pediatric-friendly formulations for the treatment of infants are scarce. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new dispersible-tablet formulation of dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine phosphate (DHA/PQP) in comparison to the marketed tablet (Eurartesim) in the treatment of infants with uncomplicated
Plasmodium falciparum
malaria. Reported here are the results of a large phase II, randomized, open-label, multicenter trial conducted in African infants (6 to 12 months of age) from Mozambique, Burkina Faso, The Gambia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Tanzania. Primary efficacy endpoint was the PCR-corrected adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) at day 28. Analysis was performed for the intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) populations. A total of 201 patients received the dispersible-tablet formulation, and 99 received the conventional one administered as crushed tablets. At day 28, the PCR-corrected ACPRs were 86.9% (ITT) and 98.3% (PP) in the dispersible-tablet group and 84.9% (ITT) and 100% (PP) in the crushed-tablet group. At day 42, these values were 85.9% (ITT) and 96.5% (PP) in the dispersible-tablet group and 82.8% (ITT) and 96.4% (PP) in the crushed-tablet group. The comparison between survival curves for time to new infections showed no statistically significant differences (
P
= 0.409). The safety and tolerability profile for the two groups was similar in terms of type and frequency of adverse events and was consistent with that expected in African infants with malaria. A standard 3-day treatment with the new dispersible DHA/PQP formulation is as efficacious as the currently used tablet in African infants and has a comparable safety profile. (This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01992900.)
Pharmacokinetics of a Long-Acting Nanoformulated Dolutegravir Prodrug in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: McMillan JoEllyn , Szlachetka Adam , Slack Lara , Sillman Brady , Lamberty Benjamin , Morsey Brenda , Callen Shannon , Gautam Nagsen , Alnouti Yazen , Edagwa Benson , Gendelman Howard E. , Fox Howard S.
Published: October 2017

A nanoformulated myristoylated dolutegravir prodrug (NMDTG) was prepared using good laboratory practice protocols. Intramuscular injection of NMDTG (118 ± 8 mg/ml, 25.5 mg of DTG equivalents/kg of body weight) to three rhesus macaques led to plasma DTG levels of 86 ± 12 and 28 ± 1 ng/ml on days 35 and 91, respectively. The NMDTG platform showed no significant adverse events. Further modification may further extend the drug's apparent half-life for human use.
Antifungal Activity of Oleylphosphocholine on
In Vitro
and
In Vivo Candida albicans
Biofilms
Authors: Holtappels Michelle , Swinnen Erwin , De Groef Lies , Wuyts Jurgen , Moons Lieve , Lagrou Katrien , Van Dijck Patrick , Kucharíková Soňa
Published: October 2017

In this study, we investigated the potential antifungal activity of the alkylphospholipid oleylphosphocholine (OlPC), a structural analogue of miltefosine, on
in vitro
and
in vivo
Candida albicans
biofilm formation. The effect of OlPC on
in vitro
and
in vivo
C. albicans
biofilms inside triple-lumen polyurethane catheters was studied.
In vivo
biofilms were developed subcutaneously after catheter implantation on the lower back of Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were treated orally with OlPC (20 mg/kg of body weight/day) for 7 days. The effect of OlPC on biofilms that developed on the mucosal surface was studied in an
ex vivo
model of oral candidiasis. The role of OlPC in
C. albicans
morphogenesis was investigated by using hypha-inducing media, namely, Lee, Spider, and RPMI 1640 media. OlPC displayed activity against both planktonic cells and
in vitro
C. albicans
biofilms. To completely abolish preformed, 24-h-old biofilms, higher concentrations (8, 10, and 13 mg/liter) were needed. Moreover, OlPC was able to reduce
C. albicans
biofilms formed by caspofungin-resistant clinical isolates and acted synergistically when combined with caspofungin. The daily oral administration of OlPC significantly reduced
in vivo
C. albicans
biofilms that developed subcutaneously. In addition, OlPC decreased biofilm formation on mucosal surfaces. Interestingly, the application of subinhibitory concentrations of OlPC already inhibited the yeast-to-hypha transition, a crucial virulence factor of
C. albicans
. We document, for the first time, the effects of OlPC on
C. albicans
cells and suggest the potential use of OlPC for the treatment of
C. albicans
biofilm-associated infections.
Leishmania-Derived Trimannose Modulates the Inflammatory Response To Significantly Reduce Leishmania major-Induced Lesions
Authors: Grinnage-Pulley Tara L. , Kabotso Daniel E. K. , Rintelmann Chelsea L. , Roychoudhury Rajarshi , Schaut Robert G. , Toepp Angela J. , Gibson-Corley Katherine N. , Parrish Molly , Pohl Nicola L. B. , Petersen Christine A.
Published: October 2017

Leishmania
lipophosphoglycan (LPG) is a key virulence factor, initiating inflammation resulting in cutaneous lesions. LPG is capped by various oligosaccharides. How these glycans are recognized and how they alter the course of
Leishmania
infection are poorly understood. Previous studies synthesized α-1,2-trimannose cap sugars on latex beads and demonstrated that C57BL/6 mice coinoculated with
Leishmania major
and trimannose-coated beads produced significantly higher levels of interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40) and other proinflammatory, type 1 cytokines than mice inoculated with
L. major
alone within the first 48 h of infection. However, as
L. major
infection typically progress over weeks to months, the role of trimannose in altering disease progression over the course of infection was unknown. Wild-type mice were inoculated with either trimannose-coated or carrier (uncoated) beads, infected with
L. major
alone, coinoculated with carrier beads and
L. major
, or coinoculated with trimannose-coated beads and
L. major
. Trimannose treatment of
L. major
-infected mice decreased the parasite load and significantly decreased the lesion size at 14 days postinfection (p.i.) compared to results for nontreated, infected mice. Infected, trimannose-treated mice had decreased IL-12p40 and IL-10 secretion and increased interferon gamma secretion at 14 days p.i. Mannose receptor knockout (MR
−/−
) mice lack the ability to detect trimannose. When MR
−/−
mice were infected with
L. major
and treated with trimannose beads, they did not have decreased lesion size.
Leishmania
-derived trimannose represents a novel immunomodulator that provides early type 1-skewed cytokine production to control the parasite load and alter the course of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
BtsT, a Novel and Specific Pyruvate/H
+
Symporter in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kristoficova Ivica , Vilhena Cláudia , Behr Stefan , Jung Kirsten
Published: October 2017

The peptide transporter carbon starvation (CstA) family (transporter classification [TC] 2.A.114) belongs to the second largest superfamily of secondary transporters, the amino acid/polyamine/organocation (APC) superfamily. No representative of the CstA family has previously been characterized either biochemically or structurally, but we have now identified the function of one of its members, the transport protein YjiY of
Escherichia coli
. Expression of the
yjiY
gene is regulated by the LytS-like histidine kinase BtsS, a sensor of extracellular pyruvate, together with the LytTR-like response regulator BtsR. YjiY consists of 716 amino acids, which form 18 putative transmembrane helices. Transport studies with intact cells provided evidence that YjiY is a specific and high-affinity transporter for pyruvate (

K
m

, 16 μM). Furthermore, reconstitution of the purified YjiY into proteoliposomes revealed that YjiY is a pyruvate/H
+
symporter. It has long been assumed that
E. coli
possesses a transporter(s) for pyruvate, but the present study is the first to definitively identify such a protein. Based on its function, we propose to change the name of the uncharacterized gene
yjiY
to
btsT
for Brenztraubensäure (the German word for pyruvate) transporter.

IMPORTANCE
BtsT (formerly known as YjiY) is found in many commensal and pathogenic representatives of the
Enterobacteriaceae
. This study for the first time characterizes a pyruvate transporter in
E. coli
, BtsT, as a specific pyruvate/H
+
symporter. When nutrients are limiting, BtsT takes up pyruvate from the medium, thus enabling it to be used as a carbon source for the growth and survival of
E. coli
.
Recurrence of immature ovarian teratoma as malignant follicular carcinoma with liver and peritoneal metastasis 22 years after completion of initial treatment
Authors: Shannon Nicholas Brian , Chan Norman Hok Ling , Teo Melissa Ching Ching
Published: October 2017

Growing tumour syndrome (GTS) is a rare event in which germ cell tumours treated with chemotherapy undergo maturation, acquire resistance to chemotherapy and regrow. The optimum treatment strategy is complete surgical excision. We report on a case of GTS with malignant metastases to the liver presenting 22 years after completion of treatment for immature teratoma, successfully managed with surgical resection alone.
Plasma S-Klotho is Related to Kidney Function and Predicts Adverse Renal Outcomes in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Liu Qi-feng , Ye Jian-ming , Yu Li-xia , He Ao-lin , Sun Qiang , He Da-wei , Li Sha-sha
Published: October 2017

To investigate whether the soluble Klotho (s-Klotho) level in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is related to kidney function and whether a low s-Klotho level can predict adverse renal outcomes or CKD progression in patients with advanced CKD. 112 patients with CKD stages 3–5 and 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Blood samples were collected to measure serum creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone, and hemoglobin. s-Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) were determined by ELISA. We first conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate correlations between s-Klotho and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and other parameters. Patients were then followed prospectively for 20.1±10.1 months according to s-Klotho median level until serum creatinine doubled, or initiation of renal replacement therapy, or death. s-Klotho levels inpatients with CKD were significantly lower than that in the control group. For patients with CKD, there were no differences in age distribution among subgroups. However, s-Klotho level differed significantly across CKD stages, and it was lower in the advanced CKD group compared with the moderate CKD group. Correlation analysis revealed that s-Klotho was positively associated with eGFR, but inversely associated with FGF23. During the follow-up of 20.1±10.1 months, patients with higher s-Klotho levels showed a reduced risk of kidney adverse outcomes, including serum creatinine doubling and initiation of renal replacement therapy. Cox regression analysis revealed that low s-Klotho was an independent risk factor for CKD progression. s-Klotho level was closely correlated with kidney function, further, low s-Klotho level could predict adverse kidney disease outcomes in patients with progressive CKD.
Spines of the stem chondrichthyanDoliodus latispinosus(Whiteaves) comb. nov. from the Lower Devonian of eastern Canada
Authors: Burrow Carole J. , Turner Susan , Maisey John G. , Desbiens Sylvain , Miller Randall F.
Published: October 2017

The higher taxonomic affinities of fin spines from the Lower Devonian (Emsian) Atholville beds, Campbellton Formation, near Campbellton, New Brunswick, Canada, originally identified as Ctenacanthus latispinosus, have been uncertain since they were first described by Whiteaves in the late 19th century. Woodward subsequently referred the species to Climatius, because the isolated Canadian fin spines were similar to those preserved in articulated specimens of Climatius reticulatus from the Lower Old Red Sandstone (Lochkovian) of Scotland. Spines of the same form as the Atholville beds specimens are also found in Emsian mudstones on the Gaspé Peninsula, Québec. One of the fin spine forms appears identical to the pectoral fin spines on an articulated specimen from the Campbellton Formation that has been assigned to the stem chondrichthyan Doliodus problematicus, a taxon erected for isolated diplodont teeth. By comparison with median and paired fin spine morphology on the climatiiform Climatius reticulatus from the Scottish Lower Old Red Sandstone and the spines preserved on the articulated Doliodus, isolated fin spines from Campbellton and several localities on the Gaspé Peninsula are now identified as belonging to Doliodus latispinosus comb. nov. The variety of spine morphotypes recognized—pectoral, prepelvic, prepectoral, and median—support a phylogenetic position within the “acanthodians” rather than “conventionally defined chondrichthyans”.
Enterprise WAE: A Lightweight UML Extension for the Characterization of the Presentation Tier of Enterprise Applications with MDD-Based Mockup Generation
Authors: Cortés Humberto , Navarro Antonio
Published: October 2017

Nowadays, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the most successful notation for the design of object-oriented applications. However, plain UML is not enough to characterize the web presentation tier of enterprise applications, including the navigational, structural and role-based access control (RBAC) features present in these applications. In this paper, we present Enterprise Web Application Extension (E-WAE), a lightweight UML extension for the modeling of these elements, which permits the inclusion of multitier, Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and security design-level patterns in the models. Our approach follows a Model-Driven Development (MDD) approach, which enables the automatic generation of intermediate platform-specific models and automatic code generation for JavaServer Faces (JSF) and Active Server Pages.NET Model-View-Controller (ASP.NET MVC) frameworks. In addition, this generated code can be used as a low-cost mockup for early client validation of the navigational, structural and RBAC features of enterprise applications. E-WAE has been used with different applications. In this paper, we refer to the checkout process in the Amazon website, the delete resources use case in OdAJ2EE, an educational application developed by us, and the US Library of Congress Online Catalog search facility as examples of its applicability.
Optimality in Distortion Control in Reversible Watermarking Using Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Maity Santi P. , Maity Hirak Kumar
Published: October 2017

This paper proposes a reversible contrast mapping (RCM)-based reversible watermarking (RW) algorithm (RCM-RW) where optimal distortion thresholds adaptive to the image characteristics are used. A generalized form of RCM is developed using a set of transformation functions; each one may be considered as a point on a straight line, called here as operating point. Each operating point offers trade-off benefits on embedding distortion, data hiding capacity and security for the hidden data. The choice of an operating point is governed by adaptive distortion control thresholds, the values depend on the partitioning of the images on smooth, texture and edge regions. However, region-specific optimal distortion threshold is difficult to represent in closed-form expression. Genetic algorithms (GAs), due to their complex searching nature, are used here for calculating the set of distortion thresholds. Simulation results show that high embedding capacity, improved security and imperceptibility of the hidden information can be met simultaneously using a particular combination of such operating points on optimal basis. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing RW techniques.
A Quadratic Trigonometric Nu Spline with Shape Control
Authors: Sarfraz Muhammad , Samreen Shamaila , Hussain Malik Zawwar
Published: October 2017

A significant curve modeling technique has been introduced with a view to its applications in geometric modeling, computer graphics and computer-aided design. It is a new spline method using quadratic trigonometric functions with well-controlled shape influences of parameters introduced through geometric continuity of order two. The proposed curve model owns the best possible geometric properties such as convex hull, partition of unity, affine invariance and variation diminishing. A quadratic normally has three control points giving lesser flexibility to one piece of curve. However, a cubic has four control points giving higher flexibility to one piece of curve. In the proposed scheme, we have introduced a quadratic trigonometric with four control points. Thus, the proposed quadratic trigonometric has embedded geometric features of cubic/cubic trigonometric. The proposed spline method, constrained with Nu spline like GC2 smoothness, produces a quadratic trigonometric Nu spline (QTNS) with interesting shape control locally and globally. The method is helpful for a variety of shape effects, like point tension, interval tension or global tension. It also produces a quadratic trigonometric alternative to cubic/cubic trigonometric spline because of having four control points in its piecewise description.
A Meta-Analysis of Adalimumab for Fistula in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Fu Yin-mei , Chen Ming , Liao Ai-jun
Published: October 2017

Purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic value of adalimumab (ADA) for fistula in Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods. A computerized search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google scholar, and the Cochrane Library from 2000 to October 2016, was performed. Randomized controlled trials (rcts) or nonrandomized controlled trials (n-rcts) were included in this article to evaluate the role of ADA in the management of fistula in CD. The methodological index for nonrandomized studies (MINORS evaluation tools) was used to assess the quality of every study. Result. Overall, seven studies and 379 patients comforted to the inclusion criteria of this meta-analysis. The result showed that 36% (95% CI: 0.31–0.41) of patients with complete fistula closure and 31% (95% CI: 0.031–0.61) of patients with partial response were received in CD with ADA treatment. Conclusion. We concluded that ADA is effective and safe for the treatment of fistula in CD according to current evidence.
Treadmill Exercise Improves Motor Dysfunction and Hyperactivity of the Corticostriatal Glutamatergic Pathway in Rats with 6-OHDA-Induced Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Chen Wei , Qiao Decai , Liu Xiaoli , Shi Kaixuan
Published: October 2017

Hyperactivity in the corticostriatal glutamatergic pathway (CGP) induces basal ganglia dysfunction, contributing to parkinsonian syndrome (PS). Physical exercise can improve PS. However, the effect of exercise on the CGP, and whether this pathway is involved in the improvement of PS, remains unclear. Parkinson’s disease (PD) was induced in rats by 6-hydroxydopamine injection into the right medial forebrain bundle. Motor function was assessed using the cylinder test. Striatal neuron (SN) spontaneous and evoked firing activity was recorded, and the expression levels of Cav1.3 and CaMKII in the striatum were measured after 4 weeks of treadmill exercise. The motor function in PD rats was improved by treadmill exercise. SN showed significantly enhanced excitability, and treadmill exercise reduced SN excitability in PD rats. In addition, firing activity was evoked in SNs by stimulation of the primary motor cortex, and SNs exhibited significantly decreased stimulus threshold, increased firing rates, and reduced latency. The expression of Cav1.3 and p-CaMKII (Thr286) in the striatum were enhanced in PD rats. However, these effects were reversed by treadmill exercise. These findings suggest that treadmill exercise inhibits CGP hyperactivity in PD rats, which may be related to improvement of PS.
Optimization of Phenolic Compounds Extraction from Flax Shives and Their Effect on Human Fibroblasts
Authors: Czemplik Magdalena , Korzun-Chłopicka Urszula , Szatkowski Michał , Działo Magdalena , Szopa Jan , Kulma Anna
Published: October 2017

The goal of this study was to evaluate the most effective technique for extraction of phenolics present in flax shives and to assess their effect on human fibroblasts. Flax shives are by‐products of fibre separation, but they were found to be a rich source of phenolic compounds and thus might have application potential. It was found that the optimal procedure for extraction of phenolics was hydrolysis enhanced by the ultrasound with NaOH for 24 h at 65°C and subsequent extraction with ethyl acetate. The influence of the flax shives extract on fibroblast growth and viability was assessed using the MTT and SRB tests. Moreover, the influence of flax shives extract on the extracellular matrix remodelling process was verified. The 20% increase of the viability was observed upon flax shives extract treatment and the decrease of mRNA collagen genes, an increase of matrix metalloproteinase gene expression, and reduction in levels of interleukin 6, interleukin 10, and suppressor of cytokinin signaling 1 mRNA were observed. Alterations in MCP‐1 mRNA levels were dependent on flax shives extract concentration. Thus, we suggested the possible application of flax shives extract in the wound healing process.
Dangguijihwang‐tang and Dangguijakyak‐san Prevent Menopausal Symptoms and Dangguijihwang‐tang Prevents Articular Cartilage Deterioration in Ovariectomized Obese Rats with Monoiodoacetate‐Induced Osteoarthritis
Authors: Lee Hye Won , Ko Byung-Seob , Kang Suna , Ryuk Jin Ah , Kim Min Joo , Park Sunmin
Published: October 2017

We investigated whether dangguijakyak‐san (DJY) and dangguijihwang‐tang (DJH), oriental medicines traditionally used for inflammatory diseases, could prevent and/or delay the progression of postmenopausal symptoms and osteoarthritis in osteoarthritis‐induced estrogen‐deficient rats. Treated ovariectomized (OVX) rats consumed either 1% DJY or 1% DJH in the diets. Positive‐control rats were given 30 μg/kg bw 17β‐estradiol and control rats were given 1% fat as were the normal‐control rats. All rats received high‐fat diets for 8 weeks. At the 9th week, OVX rats received articular injections of monoiodoacetate (MIA) or saline (normal control) into the right knee. At 3 weeks after MIA injection, DJY reduced visceral‐fat mass and improved glucose metabolism by reducing insulin resistance, whereas DJH increased BMD and decreased insulin resistance. DJH improved weight distribution in the right knee and maximum running velocity on a treadmill at days 14 and 21 as much as those of the positive control. TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 levels in articular cartilage were much higher in the control than the positive control, whereas both DJY and DJH reduced the levels to those of the positive control. The histological analysis assessed articular cartilage damage near the tidemark and proteoglycan loss in the control versus the positive control; DJY and DJH prevented this damage and proteoglycan loss. In conclusion, DJY may provide an effective treatment for improving glucose tolerance, and DJH may be appropriate for preventing osteoarthritis.
Multiscale Dynamics of the February 11-12, 2010, Deep South US Snowstorm Event
Authors: Taylor Stephany M. , Kaplan Michael L. , Lin Yuh-Lang
Published: October 2017

This study investigates the synoptic/mesoscale dynamics responsible for an unusually heavy southern US snowstorm that occurred on February 11-12, 2010, using reanalysis, observations, and numerical simulations. This record breaking snowfall event represents an example of multiple upper level and low-level jets (LLJs) and their accompanying baroclinic zones. The analysis reveals the following synoptic scale processes as significant contributors: (1) upper level jet splitting and merging, (2) advection of cold arctic air at low levels by a large anticyclone, and (3) an incoming upper level shortwave trough. In addition to the synoptic scale processes, the following mesoscale features played a major role in this snowstorm event: coexisting potential (convective) instability and conditional symmetric instability, terrain blocking, and a double LLJ development process. Sensitivity experiments including (1) limiting the orographic effects of elevated plateau in Texas and the Sierra Madre Mountains in Mexico by reducing the terrain height to 225 meters, (2) the microphysics/latent heating effects, and (3) surface fluxes on the development and intensity of the snowstorm were also conducted by turning these options off in the numerical model. Of all three experiments, the surface flux experiment displays the least amount of influence on the developing frozen precipitation bands.
Cubic Function-Based Bayesian Dynamic Linear Prediction Approach of Bridge Extreme Stress
Authors: Liu Yuefei , Xiao Qingkai , Fan Xueping
Published: October 2017

In structural health monitoring (SHM) field, the structural stress prediction and assessment are the research bottleneck. To reasonably and dynamically predict structural extreme stress based on the time-variant monitored data, the objectives of this paper are to present (a) cubic function-based Bayesian dynamic linear models (BDLM) about monitored extreme stress, (b) choosing method of optimum probability distribution functions about initial stress state, (c) monitoring mechanism of the optimum BDLM, and (d) an effective way of taking advantage of BDLM to incorporate the time-variant monitored data into structural extreme stress prediction. The monitored data of an existing bridge is adopted to illustrate the feasibility and application of the proposed models and procedures.
Danggui Buxue Extract‐Loaded Liposomes in Thermosensitive Gel Enhance In Vivo Dermal Wound Healing via Activation of the VEGF/PI3K/Akt and TGF‐β/Smads Signaling Pathway
Authors: Cui Meng-Di , Pan Zi-Hao , Pan Li-Qun
Published: October 2017

Danggui Buxue extract‐loaded liposomes in thermosensitive gel (DBLTG) are a sustained‐release local drug delivery system derived from Danggui Buxue decoction, a well‐known Chinese herb formula with wound healing potential. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of DBLTG on dorsal full‐thickness excisional wounds in rats by measuring the percentage of wound contraction and hydroxyproline content, as well as conducting histological observations and immunohistochemical analysis. We also assessed involvement of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt and transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β)/Smads signaling pathways in the wound healing process upon DBLTG treatment via western blot. The results show that DBLTG treatment remarkably accelerates wound closure, enhances hydroxyproline content in wound granulation tissue, promotes cutaneous wound healing by reducing the inflammatory response and improving fresh granulation tissue formation, and significantly increases the density of blood vessels, cells proliferation, and expression of type I and type III collagen. Moreover, DBLTG markedly upregulates the relative protein expression of VEGFA and TGF‐β1 and notably stimulates the phosphorylation of Akt and Smad2/3. In conclusion, DBLTG significantly improved dermal wound healing in rats by stimulating angiogenesis and collagen synthesis; these effects are likely mediated via the VEGF/PI3K/Akt and TGF‐β/Smads signaling pathways, respectively.
Novel YAP1 Activator, Identified by Transcription-Based Functional Screen, Limits Multiple Myeloma Growth
Authors: Maruyama Junichi , Inami Kazutoshi , Michishita Fumiyoshi , Jiang Xinliang , Iwasa Hiroaki , Nakagawa Kentaro , Ishigami-Yuasa Mari , Kagechika Hiroyuki , Miyamura Norio , Hirayama Jun , Nishina Hiroshi , Nogawa Daichi , Yamamoto Kouhei , Hata Yutaka
Published: October 2017

Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) interacts with numerous transcription factors, including TEA-domain family proteins (TEAD) and p73. YAP1 is negatively regulated by the tumor suppressor Hippo pathway. In human cancers, the deregulation of the Hippo pathway and YAP1 gene amplification lead to the activation of YAP1, which induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug resistance. YAP1 inhibitors are expected to be useful in cancer therapy. On the other hand, in certain cancers, YAP1 upregulates p73-dependent gene transcription and behaves as a tumor suppressor. Moreover, as YAP1 regulates self-renewal and differentiation of tissue stem cells and plays an important role in tissue homeostasis, YAP1 activators may contribute to the regenerative medicine. With this in our mind, we screened for YAP1 activators by using human retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19 cells expressing the TEAD-responsive fluorescence reporter under the coexpression of YAP1. From an extensive chemical compound library (n = 18,606) 47 candidate YAP1 activators were identified. These compounds were characterized to determine whether this assay provides bona fide YAP1 activators. Importantly, one YAP1 activator was effective against the human multiple myeloma IM-9 cells and chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells.

Implications: YAP1 activation limits growth, induces apoptosis, and may be useful at suppressing hematological cancers. Mol Cancer Res; 16(2); 197–211. ©2017 AACR.
Bitter Melon Prevents the Development of 4-NQO–Induced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an Immunocompetent Mouse Model by Modulating Immune Signaling
Authors: Sur Subhayan , Steele Robert , Aurora Rajeev , Varvares Mark , Schwetye Katherine E. , Ray Ratna B.
Published: October 2017

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, and tobacco is one of the most common factors for HNSCC of the oral cavity. We have previously observed that bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extract (BME) exerts antiproliferative activity against several cancers including HNSCC. In this study, we investigated the preventive role of BME in 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) carcinogen-induced HNSCC. We observed that BME feeding significantly reduced the incidence of 4-NQO–induced oral cancer in a mouse model. Histologic analysis suggested control 4-NQO–treated mouse tongues showed neoplastic changes ranging from moderate dysplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma, whereas no significant dysplasia was observed in the BME-fed mouse tongues. We also examined the global transcriptome changes in normal versus carcinogen-induced tongue cancer tissues, and following BME feeding. Gene ontology and pathway analyses revealed a signature of biological processes including “immune system process” that is significantly dysregulated in 4-NQO–induced oral cancer. We identified elevated expression of proinflammatory genes, s100a9, IL23a, IL1β and immune checkpoint gene PDCD1/PD1, during oral cancer development. Interestingly, BME treatment significantly reduced their expression. Enhancement of MMP9 (“ossification” pathway) was noted during carcinogenesis, which was reduced in BME-fed mouse tongue tissues. Our study demonstrates the preventive effect of BME in 4-NQO–induced carcinogenesis. Identification of pathways involved in carcinogen-induced oral cancer provides useful information for prevention strategies. Together, our data strongly suggest the potential clinical benefits of BME as a chemopreventive agent in the control or delay of carcinogen-induced HNSCC development and progression. Cancer Prev Res; 11(4); 191–202. ©2017 AACR.

See related editorial by Rao, p. 185
Low-Dose Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy Induces Tolerance in a Murine Model of Shrimp Allergy
Authors: Leung Nicki Yat Hin , Wai Christine Yee Yan , Shu Shang An , Chang Christopher C. , Chu Ka Hou , Leung Patrick S.C.
Published: October 2017

Background: The efficacy and safety of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) are highly dose-dependent. Methods: We investigated the dosage effects of AIT and the underlying mechanisms in a murine model of shrimp hypersensitivity. BALB/c mice were sensitized with recombinant shrimp allergen rMet e 1 and challenged orally with a high dose of rMet e 1 to elicit an allergic response. These sensitized mice were then treated with a low (0.01 mg), medium (0.05 mg), or high dosage (0.1 mg) of rMet e 1 intraperitoneally before receiving a second oral challenge. The allergic responses and immunological changes in the gut were compared between animals receiving different dosages. Results: We found that all sensitized mice that received rMet e 1 immunotherapy were desensitized, regardless of the dosage, and protected at the second oral challenge. Nevertheless, the mice in the high-dosage group experienced severe systemic reactions during the treatment phase. In contrast, regulatory T (Treg) cell-associated genes were upregulated only in the low- and medium-dosage groups, and Foxp3+ cells were more abundant in the gut lymphoid tissues than in the high-dosage group. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that low-dosage immunotherapy favors the induction of local Foxp3+ Treg cells and the upregulation of regulatory cytokines. The safety advantages and long-term efficacy of low-dosage immunotherapy should be taken into consideration when developing immunotherapy dose schedules.
Hypoxic Stress Upregulates the Expression of Slc38a1 in Brown Adipocytes via Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α
Authors: Horie Tetsuhiro , Fukasawa Kazuya , Iezaki Takashi , Park Gyujin , Onishi Yuki , Ozaki Kakeru , Kanayama Takashi , Hiraiwa Manami , Kitaguchi Yuka , Kaneda Katsuyuki , Hinoi Eiichi
Published: October 2017

The availability of amino acid in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been shown to be altered under various conditions; however, little is known about the possible expression and pivotal role of amino acid transporters in BAT under physiological and pathological conditions. The present study comprehensively investigated whether amino acid transporters are regulated by obesogenic conditions in BAT in vivo. Moreover, we investigated the mechanism underlying the regulation of the expression of amino acid transporters by various stressors in brown adipocytes in vitro. The expression of solute carrier family 38 member 1 (Slc38a1; gene encoding sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1) was preferentially upregulated in the BAT of both genetic and acquired obesity mice in vivo. Moreover, the expression of Slc38a1 was induced by hypoxic stress through hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, which is a master transcription factor of the adaptive response to hypoxic stress, in brown adipocytes in vitro. These results indicate that Slc38a1 is an obesity-associated gene in BAT and a hypoxia-responsive gene in brown adipocytes.
Multimodal Evaluation of the Fellow Eye of Patients with Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation
Authors: Martins Amélia , Farinha Cláudia , Raimundo Miguel , Lopes Marta , Santos Ana Rita , Melo Pedro , Marques Marco , Marques João Pedro , Barreto Patrícia , Cachulo Maria Luz , Neves Catarina , Cunha-Vaz José , Silva Rufino
Published: October 2017

Introduction: We conducted a multimodal, cross-sectional evaluation. Methods: Eyes were divided into 4 study groups: controls, early/intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD), fellow eyes of retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP), and RAP eyes. Patients were evaluated with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), enhanced depth imaging-OCT, and OCT angiography (OCTA). OCTA images were processed to generate maps of the vessel density and perfusion density of the superficial and deep retinal layers (SRL and DRL) and the choriocapillaris level (CL). The thickness of the outer nuclear layer and choroid was manually assessed. Results: We included 135 eyes of 100 patients (51 controls, 30 AMD, 42 RAP, and 12 fellow eyes). The fellow eyes showed a significantly lower vascular perfusion of the SRL, DRL, and CL (p < 0.02) than the early/intermediate AMD and control eyes did. Similarly, RAP eyes presented a lower vascular perfusion of the DRL and CL (p < 0.05). Besides, structural analyses of the fellow eyes and RAP eyes revealed a significantly higher prevalence of macular pigmentary changes, atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, hyperreflective “clumps” above flat drusen, amongst others, than early/intermediate AMD and control eyes (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We present the first report on the OCTA analysis of the fellow eye of patients with RAP. The reduced perfusion density and vessel density observed contributes, in association with clearly defined structural changes, to a wider characterization of RAP as a distinctive phenotype.