bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensing a binding event through charge transport variations using an aromatic oligoamide capsule
Authors: Mateus Pedro , Jacquet Antoine , Méndez-Ardoy Alejandro , Boulloy Alice , Kauffmann Brice , Pecastaings Gilles , Buffeteau Thierry , Ferrand Yann , Bassani Dario M. , Huc Ivan
Published: January 2021

Conductance through a monolayer of a helical foldamer host was found to vary by 80-fold depending on the presence or the absence of a guest in the host's cavity.
Metal-free C(sp3)–H functionalization of sulfonamidesviastrain-release rearrangement
Authors: Hu Jiefeng , Yang Xianyu , Shi Shasha , Cheng Bo , Luo Xiaoling , Lan Yu , Loh Teck-Peng
Published: January 2021

The mild base-promoted C−H bonds functionalization of amides to obtain α,β-unsaturated imines in good yields with high chemoselectivities was achieved. Control experiments show this process involves [2 + 2] cyclization/ring-cleavage reorganization.
Methane synthesis from CO2 and H2O with electricity using H-permeable membrane electrochemical cells with Ru catalyst and phosphate electrolyte
Authors: Kubota Jun , Okumura Takaya
Published: January 2021

Direct electrochemical conversion of CO2 and H2O to CH4 in a combined Ru-catalyst and H2O electrolyzer system was examined at 270 °C, thus obtaining a current efficiency of 93% for CH4 formation.
Retraction: FOXC1 silencing promotes A549 cell apoptosis through inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/hedgehog/Gli2 signaling pathway
Authors: Fisher Laura
Published: January 2021

Retraction of ‘FOXC1 silencing promotes A549 cell apoptosis through inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/hedgehog/Gli2 signaling pathway’ by Pei Wang et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 33786–33793, DOI: 10.1039/C8RA06041J.
A non‐invertible transformation based technique to protect a fingerprint template
Authors: Baghel Vivek Singh , Ali Syed Sadaf , Prakash Surya
Published: January 2021

A fingerprint‐based authentication system provides security to the applications of numerous fields and usually stores minutiae information in the database as a template. It has been observed from the literature that the reconstruction of an original fingerprint is possible from minutiae points information; hence the security of the stored template becomes extremely crucial. Cancellable biometric techniques based on non‐invertible transformation protect the stored template. These techniques prevent the reconstruction of original fingerprint data from the compromised template and avoid unauthorized access to the system. In this paper, a technique based on the non‐invertible transformation to protect a fingerprint template is proposed. In the technique, minutiae locations in a fingerprint are transformed by using the minutiae's original locations and orientation information, and a user keyset. A principal component analysis based approach to align the probe and gallery templates of fingerprint images while matching is also proposed. The evaluation of the proposed technique is carried out on seven different fingerprint databases taken from FVC2000, FVC2002, and FVC2004 databases, and its performance is compared with other existing state‐of‐the‐art techniques in the literature. The comparative performance shows that the proposed technique is highly robust and performs exceptionally well compared to other existing techniques.
Metasurface virtual absorbers: unveiling operative conditions through equivalent lumped circuit model
Authors: Marini Angelica Viola , Ramaccia Davide , Toscano Alessandro , Bilotti Filiberto
Published: January 2021

Virtual absorption concept has been recently introduced as a new phenomenon observed in electromagnetics and optics consisting of theoretically unlimited accumulation of energy within a finite volume of material without dissipation. The anomalous behaviour is achieved by engaging the complex zero scattering eigenmodes of the virtual absorbing system by illuminating it with a proper complex frequency ω = ω

r
 + jω

i
, whose value is strictly determined by the system characteristics. In this paper, we investigate on the position of the zero-pole scattering pairs in the complex frequency plane as a function of the input impedance of the metasurface-based lossless virtual absorber. We analytically derive the conditions under which a properly modulated monochromatic plane wave can be virtually absorbed by the system and stored within its volume. The analysis is developed by modelling the propagation of a normally impinging plane wave through its equivalent transmission line model terminated in an arbitrary reactive load, which in turn models the input impedance of the metasurface-based system under consideration. The study allows to determine a priori whether the metasurface-based system can support the virtual absorption or not by evaluating the time-constant from its equivalent circuit.
Mécanismes de gonflement dans les sols fins ; application aux sols gonflants de la région parisienne
Authors: Delage Pierre
Published: January 2021

La spécificité des sols gonflants est peu abordée dans les formations de mécanique des sols et de géotechnique, malgré la gravité des problèmes qu’ils peuvent engendrer sur les structures géotechniques. Parmi d’autres travaux, la réalisation actuelle du réseau du Grand Paris Express est concernée par les différents niveaux de sols gonflants des dépôts du Bassin Parisien. Après une présentation de quelques caractéristiques typiques des sols gonflants, qui sont saturés, plastiques et surconsolidés dans le cas de la région parisienne, on décrit les mécanismes de base permettant d’expliquer le gonflement des sols argileux. Quelques remarques relatives au comportement macroscopique des sols gonflants du Bassin Parisien, sur lesquels peu de données sont disponibles dans la bibliographie, sont ensuite proposées.
Endocrine Dysfunction in Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Study
Authors: Gupta Pankaj , Mittal Radheyshyam S. , Sharma Achal , Kumar Varsha
Published: January 2021

Background This study has prospectively investigated pituitary function and their correlation with severity, pressure effect, and Glasgow outcome scale in the acute phase of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Most of the retrospective studies have demonstrated that traumatic SAH-mediated hypopituitarism could be more frequent than previously known.

Objectives The aim of the study is to find the prevalence of endocrine dysfunction in traumatic SAH and its correlation with severity of injury and final outcome.

Materials and Methods Eighty-four consecutive patients of traumatic SAH formed the study group. Apart from clinical assessment, noncontrast computed tomography of the head was performed on all patients on admission. The hormonal analysis (FT3, FT4, thyroid-stimulating hormone, growth hormone [GH], cortisol, prolactin, testosterone) was performed within 24 hours of traumatic brain injury and was repeated on the seventh day amongst the patients who survived.

Results Most common hormone to increase on day one was cortisol (48.78%), while on day seven follicle-stimulating hormones and cortisol (15.38%) showed increment in levels. Most common hormone to decrease on day one was FT3 (36.84%) and GH (36.26%), while on day seven testosterone (66.67%) and FT4 (30.76%) showed decreasing levels. Hormone most resistant to change was prolactin.

Conclusion Hormonal dysfunction is common in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. There is a direct association between radiological grading (Fischer) of SAH and hormonal profile changes. Performance of hormonal analysis should be considered in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, preferably with high-grade SAH, so that appropriate hormonal replacement can be done to optimize the clinical outcome.
Long-Lasting, But Not Transformative. An Ex-post Sustainability Study of Development Interventions of Private Development Initiatives
Authors: Kinsbergen Sara , Koch Dirk-Jan , Plaisier Christine , Schulpen Lau
Published: January 2021

This article presents the results of the first ex-post sustainability study among 93 development interventions implemented between 1990 and 2008 in Kenya, India, South Africa, and Ghana. The interventions were undertaken by 42 different local organisations with support from an equal number of Dutch small-scale, voluntary development organisations. We find that a large number of interventions still achieve the intended output and outcome results. The results show no differences between interventions that took place 5, 10, or 15 years before the study. Financial dependency on the Dutch partner organisations remains large. The levels of sustainability differed significantly between the four countries, with Kenya and South Africa portraying the most positive picture. In addition, the results indicate that the majority of the interventions are focusing on the direct reduction of poverty: offering concrete support to people through the provision of basic needs. While many local organisations expect that these interventions will also contribute to more structural change, the findings of this study question this supposed transformative effect.
Correction of coupled higher-order modes in the S-parameter characterization of wideband cavity beam position monitors
Authors: Yang Liu , He Xiaozhong , Tang Ruo , Long Quanhong , Zhang Linwen
Published: January 2021

Wideband RF cavity beam position monitors (CBPM) have been increasingly employed for short bunch interval operations in several linear accelerators. At a few nanoseconds of bunch spacing, the loaded quality factor of the CBPM TM110 dipole eigenmode is required to be sufficiently low to minimize the signal interference between consecutive bunches. Moreover, the bunched beam also couples to several unwanted higher-order modes (HOM), such as the TM210 and TE111 eigenmodes, which also may result in an error of the bunch position measurement if no precautions are taken. In the fabrication phase of CBPMs, the mode coupling can alter the TM110 mode frequency and therefore causes an error in its tuning, e.g., 0.3% for a 4.875 GHz CBPM with QL = 22.5. This error needs to be identified so that the precise tuning is enabled since the dipole mode frequency becomes critical for the position evaluations as the signal processing is relatively phase-sensitive. This paper presents an approach to extract the pure unperturbed frequency of the dipole mode, not altered by the response to coupled HOMs. An analytic model based on the superposition law applied to electromagnetic fields has been developed to characterize the response of coupled HOMs in the S-parameter measurement. The model has been further verified with numerical simulation in the CST-Studio software by analyzing an approximate single-mode response CBPM. The correction method was applied on a wideband CBPM prototype for the pre-research plan of future high repetition rate hard XFEL at the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics.
High-sensitive absorption measurement in ultrapure quartz glasses and crystals using time-resolved photothermal common-pass interferometry and its possible prospects
Authors: Vlasova K. V. , Makarov A. I. , Andreev N. F.
Published: January 2021

We describe the functional capabilities of the time-resolved photothermal common-pass interferometry method. For two thermo-optical effect-based methods, photothermal common-pass interferometry and time-resolved photothermal common-pass interferometry, the achieved detection limit for absorption measurements in ultrapure quartz glasses (5 × 10−7 cm−1 and 2 × 10−9 cm−1, respectively) is given. The problem of calculating the variation of the refractive index tensor under local heating trigonal-symmetric crystals of class 32 by a focused laser beam is considered. For these crystals, it is shown that the problem of the influence of deformations on the measured signal is reduced to determine a thermo-optical parameter (an analog of dn/dT). The calculation of this parameter does not require a complete solution to the strain problem when the crystals are heated locally by laser radiation. The formulas for calculating the thermo-optical parameter P and its numerical values are presented. They are required to calibrate absorption measurements in crystalline quartz using the time-resolved photothermal common-pass interferometry scheme. For a full understanding, formulas of the theory of equilibrium deformations used in this study are presented. An analysis of the relevance of improving the thermo-optical method sensitivity for concentration measurements of pollutant inclusions in crystals, ultrapure quartz glasses, and ambient air is presented.
Effect of wall boundary conditions on the nonlinear response of turbulent premixed flames
Authors: Cheng Yuzhou , Luo Kun , Jin Tai , Li Zongyan , Wang Haiou , Fan Jianren
Published: January 2021

Fully compressible Large Eddy Simulations (LES) are performed to investigate the effect of wall boundary conditions on the nonlinear response of turbulent premixed flames. For the unforced flames, the flame length and flame angle from the present LES results in the isothermal case are in better agreement with experimental results than those in the adiabatic case. For the forced flames, both amplitudes and phases of nonlinear flame response at moderate frequency are well reproduced in the isothermal case. While in the adiabatic case, the amplitudes are well reproduced, the prediction of phases is slightly underestimated. At high frequency, LES results from the isothermal case provide reasonable agreement with the experimental results in general, while the adiabatic case gives unreasonable prediction of nonlinear flame response. Results show that wall boundary conditions affect the spatial distributions of heat release fluctuations by changing the temperature field, which is affected by the evolutions of the flame structure and flow field in the nonlinear oscillation cycle. At moderate frequency, heat release fluctuations in different parts of the combustor are in phase, and wall boundary conditions have limited influence on the global flame response, while at high frequency, wall boundary conditions have significant influence on the global flame response since the heat release fluctuations in different parts of combustor are out of phase. Accurate prediction of flame response at high frequency needs accurate calculation of the wall temperature.
Challenges and opportunities for small volumes delivery into the skin
Authors: Mercuri Magalí , Fernandez Rivas David
Published: January 2021

Each individual's skin has its own features, such as strength, elasticity, or permeability to drugs, which limits the effectiveness of one-size-fits-all approaches typically found in medical treatments. Therefore, understanding the transport mechanisms of substances across the skin is instrumental for the development of novel minimal invasive transdermal therapies. However, the large difference between transport timescales and length scales of disparate molecules needed for medical therapies makes it difficult to address fundamental questions. Thus, this lack of fundamental knowledge has limited the efficacy of bioengineering equipment and medical treatments. In this article, we provide an overview of the most important microfluidics-related transport phenomena through the skin and versatile tools to study them. Moreover, we provide a summary of challenges and opportunities faced by advanced transdermal delivery methods, such as needle-free jet injectors, microneedles, and tattooing, which could pave the way to the implementation of better therapies and new methods.
First observation of increased DT yield over prediction due to addition of hydrogen
Authors: Kim Y. , Herrmann H. W. , Hoffman N. M. , Schmitt M. J. , Kagan G. , McEvoy A. M. , Zylstra A. B. , Smidt J. M. , Gales S. , Leatherland A. , Rubery M. , Gatu Johnson M. , Frenje J. A. , Yu Glebov V. , Forrest C.
Published: January 2021

In a number of reported instances, implosions utilizing fuel mixtures have resulted in anomalously low fusion yields below those predicted by radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. Inter-species ion diffusion has been suggested as a possible cause of the observed yield degradation in fuel mixture implosions. An experimental platform utilizing hydro-equivalent deuterium–tritium (DT), deuterium–tritium–hydrogen (DTH), and deuterium-tritium-helium3 (DT3He) capsule implosions was developed to determine whether the inter-species ion diffusion theory may describe the resulting fuel mixture implosion behavior. The implosion experiments were performed at the Omega laser facility. X-ray images and shell areal density diagnostics results show that the hydro-equivalent three capsules (DT, DTH, and DT3He) have similar compression behavior. However, nuclear yield deviation was observed from the scaling determined using a fusion yield formula. In the DT3He mixture, a reduced yield of a factor of 0.65 ± 0.13 was observed, which is similar to a yield reduction observed in D3He mixture by Rygg et al. (i.e., Rygg effect). In contrast, in the DTH mixture, a factor of 1.17 ± 0.15 yield increase was observed, which we named the inverse Rygg effect. The yield increase observed in the DTH mixture is consistent with the inter-species ion diffusion theory where lighter H diffuses away from the core and concentrated DT in the core produces higher yield. An inter-species ion diffusion model, the Zimmerman–Paquette–Kagan–Zhdanov model, implemented in a Lagrangian radiation-hydrodynamics fluid code, was also used to analyze the present data, without the need to assume hydrodynamic equivalence of the capsules, but it does not completely explain the DTH or DT3He capsules although its effects are in the correct direction. Simulation-based Bayesian inference was used in the latter analysis to quantify the uncertainty in the numerical simulations. The simulation-based analysis resulted in an inferred Rygg-effect yield decrease factor of 0.91 ± 0.02 for the DT3He mixture, and an inferred inverse-Rygg yield increase factor of 1.21 ± 0.04 for the DTH mixture, based on simulations ignoring ion diffusion.
Porous SiC electroluminescence from p–i–n junction and a lateral carrier diffusion model
Authors: Bawa Salman , Zhang Tingwei , Dow Liam , Peter Samuel , Kitai Adrian H.
Published: January 2021

Electroluminescence of porous silicon carbide is achieved in a forward-biased SiC p–i–n junction. A broad green spectral feature centered at ∼510 nm is shown to arise from porous SiC. A large SiC surface area in the vicinity of the junction is created by diamond cutting followed by an electrochemically enhanced hydrogen fluoride etch that produces a layer of porous SiC. Photoluminescence is shown not to be responsible for the green emission. This supports the model of carrier recombination at the porous region via lateral bipolar diffusion of carriers. A lateral bipolar diffusion model is presented in which mobile carriers diffuse laterally from the junction toward the porous SiC surface region driven by a lateral carrier concentration gradient. Lateral bipolar diffusion in conjunction with suitable radiative recombination centers provides a possible pathway to achieve high quantum efficiencies in future SiC p–n homojunction or double heterojunction light-emitting diodes. Competing recombination processes and associated ideality factors in 4H-SiC diodes are also examined.
Distinction in resonance properties of the atomic and molecular contained plasmas used for high-order harmonics generation of ultrafast laser pulses
Authors: Ganeev Rashid A. , Boltaev Ganjaboy S. , Kim Vyacheslav V. , Iqbal Mazhar , Kuroda Hiroto , Alnaser Ali S.
Published: January 2021

The mechanism of resonance enhancement of a single harmonic during high-order harmonic generation in indium-, zinc-, and chromium-contained atomic and molecular plasmas is reexamined using single-color and two-color pumps of ablated species. We demonstrate that oxides, selenides, and phosphides of these metals notably reduce the enhancement of a single harmonic compared with purely atomic plasma due to either a shift of the ionic transitions possessing strong oscillator strength out of the wavelength of those harmonics or a reduction of the oscillator strength of these transitions. The role of oscillator strength in harmonic enhancement is discussed and compared with improvements in phase-matching conditions for some harmonics in the region of anomalous dispersion of ionic transitions. The application of different wavelengths of driving pulses drastically changes the enhancement of a single harmonic in indium-contained plasmas.
Thermocapillary instability in a viscoelastic liquid layer under an imposed oblique temperature gradient
Authors: Patne Ramkarn , Agnon Yehuda , Oron Alexander
Published: January 2021

The linear stability analysis of a viscoelastic (Oldroyd-B) liquid layer subjected to an oblique temperature gradient (OTG) is investigated numerically. For the case of low liquid elasticity, the analysis shows a strong stabilizing effect of the horizontal component (HTG) of the OTG on the two elastic modes emerging due to the presence of the vertical component (VTG) of the OTG. However, if the liquid elasticity is sufficiently large, the HTG fails to stabilize the upstream elastic mode. The liquid elasticity stabilizes the Newtonian interaction mode arising out of the interaction between the HTG and the VTG. The thermocapillary flow introduced by the HTG leads to the development of a new elastic mode absent in the case of a Newtonian liquid layer. The present paper thus shows that the elasticity of the liquid plays a major role in the competition between various instability modes to determine the dominant mode of instability.
Plasmon–exciton coupling between plasmons and chiral molecules in core–shell structure under circularly polarized light excitation
Authors: Guo Yangzhe , Zhu Guodong , Fang Yurui
Published: January 2021

In plasmonic induced chirality, the circular dichroism of achiral nanoparticles (NPs) caused by Coulombic interactions between metal nanoparticles (NPs) and chiral molecules has been studied. Under resonance conditions, dye molecules and metal NPs produce large Rabi splitting due to strong coupling. If the resonance of chiral molecules is at the resonance of the plasmon, it is unclear what will happen to the strong interactions between the chiral plasmon and chiral molecules. In this paper, we investigate a coupled spherical core–shell model and analyze its spectra under excitation by circularly polarized light (CPL). Based on the Coulombic interactions between NPs and chiral molecules, we demonstrate how various factors affect this coupling. We have determined that three mechanisms are responsible for the interactions between plasmons and chiral molecules: strong coupling (Rabi splitting up to 243 meV), enhanced absorption, and induced transparency. The interactions between CPL and chiral molecules with same chiralities are stronger than those of the opposite chirality. The linewidth values of the splitted peaks are closer than those of the opposite chirality, which shows that for Rabi splitting with chiral molecules, there are more complicated mechanisms responsible for the interactions. This result will be helpful for further investigation of interactions between plasmons and chiral molecules.
Theoretical studies of dense hydrogen-like plasmas with the unified description of linear screening
Authors: Li Wen Gang , Cheng Yongjun , Wu Ju Yan , Wu Yong , Wang Jian Guo , Zhang Song Bin
Published: January 2021

A unified framework for describing dense plasma screenings from warm dense matter to hot dense matter, including gradient correction and exchange-correlation, has been recently proposed by Stanton and Murillo [Phys. Rev. E 91,033104 (2015)]. With this unified description of linear screening, the energy levels, absorption oscillator strengths, and radiative transition probabilities of hydrogen-like plasmas are reported for a wide range of critical screening parameters (plasma temperatures and densities), where the bound level nl merges into continuum. The importance of both finite temperature gradient correction and exchange correlation increases with the increasing plasma coupling strength or the Coulomb coupling parameter Γ, and the effect of exchange correlation is generally greater than that of finite temperature gradient correction. Further results from the weakly coupled and strongly coupled limits or Debye plasmas and dense quantum plasmas also show consistency with those from the unified framework, respectively.
Free volume power law for transport properties of hard sphere fluid
Authors: Liu Hongqin
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a study on the relationship between transport properties and geometric free volume for a hard sphere (HS) system in a dense fluid region. First, a generic free volume distribution function is proposed based on recent simulation results on the HS geometric free volume by Maiti and Sastry [J. Chem. Phys. 141(4), 044510 (2014)] and Maiti et al. [Eur. Phys. J. E 36(1), 5 (2013)]. Combining the new distribution function with a local particle transportation model, we obtain a power law for the HS transport properties. Then, a relation between the geometric free volume and thermodynamic free volume is established, which makes it possible to use well-developed equations of state (EoS) for the expressions of the geometric free volume. The new power law models are tested with molecular dynamic simulation results for HS viscosity, diffusivity and thermal conductivity, respectively, and the results are very satisfactory. Moreover, using the power law, we are able to reproduce several equations obtained from different approaches, such as the entropy scaling laws [Bell et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 123(29), 6345–6363 (2019]), mode coupling theory [Barrat et al., J. Phys. Condens. Matter 1, 7163–7170 (1989)], or empirical correlations [Sigurgeirsson and Heyes, J. Mol. Phys. 101(3), 469–482 (2003)]. In particular, a long-standing controversy regarding the well-known Cohen–Turnbull–Doolittle free volume model [Cohen and Turnbull, J. Chem. Phys. 31(3), 1164–1169 (1959); Doolittle, J. Appl. Phys. 22(12), 1471–1475 (1951)] is resolved by using the power law combined with the Heyes and Woodcock EoS [Heyes and Woodcock, Mol. Phys. 59(6), 1369–1388 (1986)].
Femtosecond laser-induced shape memory polymer micropillar with tunable wettability and reversible adhesion for underwater oil droplet lossless transfer
Authors: Jiao Yunlong , Li Chuanzong , Ji Jiawei , Wang Zhaochang , Tao Tongtong , Zhang Tao , Liu Kun
Published: January 2021

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) with tunable wettability and reversible adhesion through adjusting the surface morphology have great prospects in functional devices. However, current functional devices based on SMPs are mainly concentrated on the manipulation of diverse liquid droplets in the air; it is still a challenge to achieve the reversible tuning of underwater oil wettability and adhesion on the microstructured SMP surface. Herein, we fabricate a kind of SMP micropillar array through one-step femtosecond laser irradiation, which could achieve the reversible tuning of underwater oil wettability and adhesion between the tilted and upright states. It is worth noting that the deformed micropillar arrays show underwater oleophobicity and have a larger adhesion force to the oil droplet than that of upright micropillar arrays, which is mainly related to the variation of the contact area between the oil droplet and the micropillar array. Finally, we demonstrate the lossless oil droplet transfer underwater by using the micropillar array surface with different states. We believe the present work will bring some insights for researchers in the field of dynamically responsive tunable underwater oil droplet manipulation.
Two types of peripheral adjunct WHATs
Authors: Yang Barry C.-Y.
Published: January 2021

This study investigates two types of adjunct WHATs merged at peripheral positions in Chinese. The L-WHAT is merged within VP and denotes awhy-interpretation with an aggressive, prohibitive force. The H-WHAT is merged at the left periphery of a sentence and is exclusively used in expressing a speaker’s refutatory force without interrogativity. The two WHATs are encoded with different modalities: the L-WHAT with root modality while the H-WHAT with epistemic modality. It is proposed that the interpretations of the two types of WHATs are compositionally derived from the modality and speaker force. This study not only explores the origins of different interpretations of adjunct WHATs, but also advances a uniform approach in mapping the speaker force onto syntax.
Discontinuous collocation methods and gravitational self-force applications
Authors: Markakis Charalampos , O’Boyle Michael F , Brubeck Pablo D , Barack Leor
Published: January 2021

Numerical simulations of extreme mass ratio inspirals, the most important sources for the LISA detector, face several computational challenges. We present a new approach to evolving partial differential equations occurring in black hole perturbation theory and calculations of the self-force acting on point particles orbiting supermassive black holes. Such equations are distributionally sourced, and standard numerical methods, such as finite-difference or spectral methods, face difficulties associated with approximating discontinuous functions. However, in the self-force problem we typically have access to full a priori information about the local structure of the discontinuity at the particle. Using this information, we show that high-order accuracy can be recovered by adding to the Lagrange interpolation formula a linear combination of certain jump amplitudes. We construct discontinuous spatial and temporal discretizations by operating on the corrected Lagrange formula. In a method-of-lines framework, this provides a simple and efficient method of solving time-dependent partial differential equations, without loss of accuracy near moving singularities or discontinuities. This method is well-suited for the problem of time-domain reconstruction of the metric perturbation via the Teukolsky or Regge–Wheeler–Zerilli formalisms. Parallel implementations on modern CPU and GPU architectures are discussed.
Ion cyclotron resonance heating fast and slow wave excitation and power deposition in edge plasmas with application to ITER
Authors: Messiaen A , Maquet V , Ongena J
Published: January 2021

The antenna power coupling to the plasma centre and its possible deleterious coupling to the plasma edge are key parameters in an ion cyclotron resonance heating system. The influence on these parameters by the confluence between the slow and the fast magnetosonic waves is studied for the case of large machines. Until now, the modelling of the scrape off layer region has been calculated by ANTITER II, which contains only the fast wave description and where the confluence with the slow wave (S wave) is approximated by the Alfvén resonance. In the present study, a complete modelling of the slow and fast waves is made by ANTITER IV. The modelling by the two codes is compared and shows the important role of the Alfvén and the lower hybrid resonances for the excitation of large fields and associated power deposition at the edge of the plasma even far from the antenna location. The ANTITER IV modelling is thereafter applied to the case of the ITER antenna with a reference density profile and heating parameters. A comparative study is made for the edge power deposition and the excitation of large fields for different toroidal phasing cases of the antenna. This study also takes into account the tilting of the antenna array with respect to the total magnetic field in front of the antenna. If the Faraday screen is field-aligned, the excitation of the S wave occurs at the wave confluence; however, in the case of non-alignment the antenna directly excites the S wave. This effect is studied and quantified. All edge effects, even the direct excitation of S waves, can be strongly reduced by tailoring the current distribution in the straps of the antenna array. Resulting cases for the minimisation of edge power deposition in ITER and the reactor are studied.
Distinct discharge modes in micro Hall thruster plasmas
Authors: Lee Dongho , Doh Guentae , Kim Holak , Garrigues Laurent , Choe Wonho
Published: January 2021

Two distinct discharge modes were observed in a 50 W-class micro-Hall thruster plasma under different operating conditions. A ball-shaped plasma with a broad plume (mode A) was observed at low mass flow rates (less than 0.37 mg s−1) over the entire operational anode voltage range (160–280 V). Raising the anode voltage beyond 200 V with the mass flow rate fixed (larger than 0.37 mg s−1) produced a narrow plume and stretched jet-like structure (mode B). In mode B, the thruster showed performance improvements in terms of thrust (3.8 mN vs 3.3 mN), specific impulse (913 s vs 800 s), and anode efficiency (28% vs 22%), with only a 2 W difference in the anode power (61 W in mode B and 59 W in mode A). This suggests that operation is more advantageous in mode B than in mode A for the utilization of such low-power Hall thrusters. Unique plume properties were observed in the two modes and considerable differences were measured in the Xe II ion acceleration structure, beam angle, and ionization rate as the mode changes, which were not reported in previous studies. Mode A exhibits an axially extended ion acceleration structure outside the discharge channel, where 75% of the final ion velocity is achieved at approximately 40 mm from the thruster exit, while most of the ion acceleration occurs within 10 mm from the thruster exit in mode B. Measurements show that the full width at half maximum of the Xe II ion energy distribution function, electron temperature, and Xe II emission intensity decreased after the plasma transitioned from mode A to mode B. Based on the optical emission spectroscopy, the ionization rate in the plasma plume decreased by 30%–41% after the mode change, which is likely related to the reduction of the beam angle and electron current by 24% and 30%, respectively.
Production of hidden-charm and hidden-bottom pentaquark states in electron-proton collisions *
Authors: Xie Ya-Ping , Cao Xu , Liang Yu-Tie , Chen Xurong
Published: January 2021

Electro-production of several pentaquark states is investigated in this study. The eSTARlight package is adapted to study the electro-production of

and

via pentaquark

and

resonance channels in

and

scattering processes at the proposed electron-ion colliders (EICs). The results obtained in this study are compared to those of non-resonance t-channels, which are described in the pomeron exchange model developed in our studies. Some pseudo-rapidity and rapidity distributions of

and

are presented for the proposed EICs, including EicC and EIC-US. It is found that EicC is a good platform to identify

states in the future.
Quantum-Mechanical Brayton Engine based on a Boson Particle Inside Cubic Potential
Authors: Abdillah Fikri , Saputra Yohanes Dwi
Published: January 2021

Currently, the heat engine needs to be miniaturized to increase its thermal efficiency. In this theoretical study, the symmetrical potential box containing one particle with one of its walls moving freely is analogous to a cylinder with a piston. The potential box contains a massless Boson particle, while the piston-cylinder contains a monatomic ideal gas. The form of Quantum-Mechanical Brayton Engine (QMBE) thermal efficiency formulation has similarities to the classical version of the Brayton engine. However, the efficiency value of QMBE with a massless Boson particle is higher than the classic version because the heat capacity ratio of the Boson particle working fluid is 2, while the monatomic ideal gas is 5/3.
Study on Biocompatibility of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Doped Silicon Composite as Material for Alveolar Socket Preservation
Authors: Virginia Maria , Laksono Andromeda Dwi , Kusuma Asih Wentika Putri , Sulistijono  , Agustiningtyas Diah Tri
Published: January 2021

As the Alveolar Socket Preservation (ASP) was developed as a procedure for placement of bone graft on sockets where the tooth was removed, a new composite of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite doped Silicon (Chi/HAp-Si) was synthesized. Si will be added to HAp in amount 7 wt% by a solid-state method. As a comparison, the HAp-Si later will be mixed with chitosan with variations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt%, with the aim of enhancing antibacterial ability against S. aureus bacteria. The synthesized samples were characterized using XRD and SEM. Antibacterial activities of the Chi/HAp-Si composite were evaluated against S. aureus bacteria. The addition of chitosan did not have much effect on the biocompatibility of HAp-Si, especially in S. aureus bacteria. However, the addition of chitosan to the 10 wt% composition has the highest antibacterial properties.
Sonication Effect on Modified Ultrasound Assisted Aqueous Extraction (UAAE) of Rice Bran Oil Yield
Authors: Gotama B , Sasongko A , Hanafi M , Lala M
Published: January 2021

Rice bran oil (RBO) is extracted using ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction (UAAE) with minor modifications to the separation process. Although conventional methods such as solvent extraction or mechanical pressing are more commonly used in the RBO industry, UAAE is one of intensification processes that can increase RBO productivity. In this study, sonication operating conditions such as time and temperature and solid/liquid to ratio were studied to obtain the optimum yield. The results indicated that the sonication time and temperature positively affected the yield increase, while SLR led to a decline after reaching 0.2 g / ml. The highest yield was obtained at the sonication time of 60 seconds, SLR 0.2 g / ml, and sonication temperature of 40°C, 17.6%. Besides, the relative energy consumption of UAAE at temperatures of 20 and 40°C, and aqueous extraction (AE) were also investigated. Besides producing the highest yield, UAAE at 40°C has a lower relative energy consumption than others, so it can be considered a prospective method of RBO extraction. Further development on UAAE and its combination with other methods are needed to fulfill economies of scale of the RBO industry.
The effect twisted petung bamboo variations as reinforcement on concrete beam
Authors: Basyaruddin  , Suprayitno A S , Jatmoko A
Published: January 2021

Reinforced Concrete is a composite material consisting of concrete and steel-reinforced concrete. Steel is used as reinforcement because it has high yield strength. However, the price of steel reinforcement is higher due to high demand. Besides having a relatively high price, steel is a non-renewable material, which makes the amount of course very limited as for other alternatives as a substitute for the concrete reinforcement, called bamboo. Bamboo is a renewable natural product with high tensile strength. With the many advantages of bamboo, especially petung bamboo as a construction material, therefore, necessary to research the flexural strength of bamboo petung reinforced beams. Reinforced bamboo used is twisted petung bamboo with a variation of three strands, five strands, and seven strands. The method used in this study is a numerical analysis based on standard concrete flexural strength test with two loading points. Analysis shows that tensile strength of bamboo strands for three strands amounted to 222.93 MPa, five strands of 230.04 MPa, and seven strands of 237.14 MPa. For the maximum load, The highest load produced for concrete beams with reinforcement three strands, five strands, and seven strands are 11.87 kN, 35.62 kN and 52.21 kN respectively. Meanwhile, The flexural strength produced for each scheme is 6.73 Mpa, 8.23 Mpa and 9.86 Mpa.
Design of Fishing Vessel of Catamaran Type In Waterways of East Kalimantan (40 GT)
Authors: Alamsyah  , Setiawan W , Dwi Cahya E , Ika Wulandari A , Suardi  , Alifantio A
Published: January 2021

Fishing vessel craftsmen in the East Kalimantan area have made several changes to the design of fishing vessels to get more catch. Changes were made to the main dimension which resulted in changes in ship characteristics such as speed and stability of the ship. This purpose of research to determine the main dimensions and stability analysis of catamaran hull fishing vessels. The method used is the parent ship method and optimization using maxsurf software. The results obtained were as follows: LOA = 16.2 [m], B = 6 [m], B1 = 1 [m], T = 1 [m], H = 2 [m], Cb = 0.192, Vs = 6.5 [knots], and number of crew = 5 person. The required of Catamaran is a power of 134,498 [HP] consist of two engine 70 [HP]. Based on the results of critical analysis stability on catamarans, the maximum GZ value occurs at a heeling of 20ᴼ. The maximum GZ value in loadcase 1 is 2.326 [m], loadcase 2 is 2.15 [m], and loadcase 3 is 2.18 [m]. The GM values for all loadcase scenarios are not less than 0.15 [meters]. All of them accepted the IMO and HSC 2000 Annex 7 Multihull criteria.
Ni2+adsorption performance of immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae in fractionated clay from Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Sasria N , Fahmiati  , Mashuni
Published: January 2021

This research shows the optimum adsorption conditions of three adsorbents, i.e clay, S. cerevisiae biomass, and S. cerevisiae biomass immobilized on clay. Fractionated clay were obtained by reacting clay with KMnO4, H2SO4, and HCl. S. cerevisiae biomass was obtained by heating S. cerevisiae biomass from pure isolates. Immobilization of S. cerevisiae biomass in clay was carried out by mixing both in a ratio of 25:5 and 50:5 (mL biomass: g clay). The results of adsorbent characterization by FTIR showed that the functional groups in immobilized S. cerevisiae biomass with a ratio of 50:5 (mL biomass: g clay) were Si-OH, Si-O-Si, N-H, O-H, and C-H. Adsorption of Ni2+ ions in each adsorbent was carried out by the batch method using the parameters of concentration and contact time. The concentration of the remaining Ni2+ ions was analyzed using AAS. The capability of adsorption of Ni2+ ions in each adsorbent, optimum at a concentration of 50 mg/L with a contact time of 120 minutes. Whereas the optimum adsorption capacity of Ni2+ ions by clay, S. cerevisiae biomass, and immobilized S. cerevisiae biomass, were respectively 0.0013 mg/g, 0.0139 mg/mL and 0.0005 mg/g, while the adsorption energies were 16.684, 10.735 and 19.084 kJ/mol, respectively.
Analysis of Partial shading Effect on Solar Panel Power Output
Authors: Giyantara Andhika , Wisyahyadi  , Rizqullah Rifqi Bagja , Kusuma Priyanto Yun Tonce
Published: January 2021

Enlarging solar power plants are increasing. This increase is to reduce compatibility with the use of fossil fuel electricity. Utilization of solar power plants is mostly used for street lighting and home industries. Solar power plants must rely on solar irradiation received on solar panels. The output power is also changed by large values from external factors such as partial shading. Partial shading is a condition that is closed / blocked by some cells in the solar panel. The application of partial shading is mostly only used with simulation software. However, in this final project research is carried out the implementation of partial shading and analysis to determine the effect on the output power that occurs in solar panels in actual environmental conditions. The application is made to know the output power during normal and partial shading conditions and to know the partial effect on the solar panel output power. The maximum value of the power produced in solar panels is 298.50 W. The maximum power value that can be obtained when a partial shade occurs is 141.13 W and the partial shade that occurs in the solar panel causes the power to increase under normal conditions.
On the influence of biomimetic shark skin in dynamic flow separation
Authors: Guo Pengming , Zhang Kai , Yasuda Yuji , Yang Wenchao , Galipon Josephine , Rival David E
Published: January 2021

The effect of shark skin on the boundary-layer separation process under dynamic conditions (maneuvers) has been studied experimentally. We use a foil covered with biomimetic shark skin to explore how this type of surface impacts boundary-layer dynamics in both steady and accelerating conditions. The effect of denticles is assessed via particle image velocimetry in the wake. It is shown that dynamic conditions and small-scale disturbances can mitigate boundary-layer separation through instantaneous modification of the local pressure-gradient distribution. For instance, the region of favourable pressure gradient can be extended by accelerating the foil. The acceleration results in a thinner separated shear layer on the foil surface when compared to the steady reference case. This remarkable difference indicates that local roughness (introduced through for instance biomimetic shark skin) may trigger an interaction with relatively large-scale structures in the boundary layer for effective boundary-layer control during unsteady propulsion and maneuvering.
Influence of non-biodegradable wastes on mechanical properties of concrete – A Neural Network approach
Authors: Sridhar J , Vivek D
Published: January 2021

The environmental pollution due to different non-biodegradable waste is not only making the surroundings vulnerable but also makes a serious defect on the humans. Because of the non-biodegradable property of plastics, decomposition is not possible which makes them remain in the environment for a longer period creating ecological problems. These non-biodegradable materials will be a significant source of plastic waste management if these materials can be substituted as a construction material by using in concrete. An experimental investigation is made on the usage of Non-Biodegradable plastic ravage materials as fine aggregates in M20 concrete with substitution from 0%, to 50% by weight of fine aggregate. Subsequently, the ravage glass powder is included in concrete as a substitution for cement with a percentage of replacement of 0% and 5% by weight of cement. Specimen for concrete in compression, tension and flexure are tested for 28 days curing. The experimental outcome shows that concrete with 10% replacement of plastic waste by weight of fine aggregate with 5% replacement of glass powder by weight of cement had an elevated influence on the mechanical properties. Further Artificial Neural Network Analysis is performed to validate the experimental results. The classification of Neural networks (NN), such as -Leven Berg-Marquardt (NN-LM) and Gradient Descent (NN-GD) is used to perform the analysis.
Influence of wind speed on a Reinforced Concrete tall building
Authors: Krishnam Raju P , Ravindra V , Susmitha V
Published: January 2021

This study is conducted to assess the influence of wind on a 17-storey multipurpose Reinforced Concrete Tall Building according to the revised wind code of IS 875 (Part 3): 2015 compared to its previous version i.e., IS 875 (Part 3): 1987. The study covers all basic wind speeds of 33, 39, 44, 47, 50 and 55m/s as specified in the Indian standards. Dynamic effects due to ‘Along wind’ and ‘across wind’ are considered in the analysis using ETABS evaluation software. The Lateral load, Lateral sway and Longitudinal Rebar Percentage (LRP) are found to be increased as per the revised version. The LRP in the Middle, Edge and Corner columns are also reported. An increase of total Rebar quantity by about 3.7% (beams and columns) in the entire structure for a basic wind speed of 50m/s is observed.