bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Serum Melatonin Levels, Sleep Patterns, and Clinical Symptoms in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Jaicks Çağlar Charles Daniel , Ray Perihan Çam , Öztürk Özlem Görüroğlu , Çelik Gonca Gül , Tahiroğlu Ayşegül Yolga , Haytoğlu Zeliha , Döğüş Yusuf
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between serum melatonin levels, sleep habits, and clinical features in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to healthy controls.
Methods: In accordance with DSM (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)-V, children aged 2-8 years diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (n:38) and healthy children (n:33) of similar age and gender in the control group were evaluated. Vitamin D levels, ferritin, serum iron, and iron binding capacity of all participants were examined, as well as endogenous melatonin levels, and a pediatric sleep habits questionnaire was filled out. Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC-Autism Behavior Checklist) and The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) were applied to the autism spectrum disorder group. The relationship between the blood values obtained and the completed questionnaire results was evaluated.
Results: Melatonin levels were compared between the patients with autism spectrum disorder and the control group. In total, 71 participants were included in it. The gender of 81.7% (n=58) of the participants was male.The mean age of the autism spectrum disorder group was 44.4±20.4 months, and that of the control group was 51.2±20 months (p=0.104). When children’s sleep habits questionnaire data were compared between the two groups, the "daytime sleepiness" subscale score was higher in the control group, while the "bed-wetting" subscale score was higher in the autism spectrum disorder group (p=0.036 and p=0.008, respectively). No significant correlation was found between the questionnaire scores of the patients and their melatonin levels. Melatonin levels were on average 823.2±237.9 U/L in the autism spectrum disorder group and 677.4±254.7 U/L in the control group. This difference between the two groups was found to be statistically significant (p=0.027). When the participants were compared by dividing according to their gender, it was found that there was a difference between the two groups only in male patients (p=0.020). It was observed that there was no significant difference between girls in terms of melatonin levels (p=0.608).
Conlucion: In the light of the data we obtained in our study, it was observed that there are sleep problems in autism spectrum disorder and therefore, melatonin levels measured during the daytime are higher than in healthy children. This makes us think that there may be desensitization to melatonin receptors in the ASD group, and the fact that melatonin levels differ according to gender, suggesting that melatonin treatment modalities applied in ASD patients may be regulated according to gender.
Modeling a Novel Circular Diaphragm Microelectromechanical System for Intraocular Pressure Evaluation
Authors: Taherian Sina , Taherian Nima
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a new Microelectromechanical capacitive pressure device designed for continuous intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement in glaucoma patients. The device is capable of accurately measuring IOP within the range of 0-8000 Pascal (Pa). A key focus of this research is on reducing the device’s size compared to previous designs, which results in benefits like better energy efficiency, lighter weight, and lower costs. These improvements contribute to more effective glaucoma treatment and enhanced patient care. The device’s design features a circular diaphragm combined with circular spiral meanders, increasing flexibility and reducing stiffness, which improves overall performance. The diaphragm is made of 3.5 μm thick polysilicon, with a radius of 0.1 mm and a 3 μm air gap separating it from the fixed plate. Under pressures up to 8000 Pa, the resonant frequency decreases to 88.243 kHz. The capacitive sensitivity is calculated at 2.6175×10-4 (1/Pa), while the mechanical sensitivity is 0.265 nm/Pa. The performance of the device is thoroughly evaluated through simulations using IntelliSuite software. A comparative analysis shows that this device is smaller and more efficient than previous designs, with dimensions of 200 μm and 100 μm in diameter. This development indicates notable progress in glaucoma treatment and utilizing biological sensing in many applications.
Development of a Disease Modeling Framework for Glutamatergic Neurons Derived from Neuroblastoma Cells in 3D Microarrays
Authors: Nguyen Duc Long , Le My Phuong Thi , Lee Kyung Won , Kim Jae-Ho , Yoon Hyun C. , Pham Huyen T. M.
Published: September 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) present significant challenges due to limited treatment options and the ethical concerns of traditional animal models and iPSC-derived neurons. We addressed these issues by developing a 3D culture protocol for differentiating SH-SY5Y cells into glutamatergic neurons, enhancing physiological relevance with a 3D microarray culture plate. Our protocol optimized serum concentration and incorporated retinoic acid (RA) to improve differentiation. We analyzed the proportions of N-type and S-type cells, observing that RA in the maturation stage not only reduced cell proliferation but also enhanced the expression of MAP2 and VGLUT1, indicating effective neuronal differentiation. Our approach demonstrates the strong expression of glutamatergic neuron phenotypes in 3D SH-SY5Y neural spheroids, offering a promising tool for high-throughput NDD modeling and advancing drug discovery and therapeutic development. This method overcomes limitations associated with conventional 2D cultures and animal models, providing a more effective platform for NDD research.
An Analysis of Vertical Infiltration Responses in Unsaturated Soil Columns
Authors: Li Lincui , Li Cheng , Li Xi-An , Li Yonghong , Li Yong , He Yiping , Yao Chaowei , Wang Li
Published: September 2024

Rainfall infiltration affects slope stability by changing the pore water pressure in soil. In this study, indoor vertical infiltration tests were performed on silt columns. The instantaneous profile method and filter paper method were used to obtain the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) and hydraulic conductivity function(HCF). During the rainfall infiltration test, the vertical patters of volumetric moisture contents, total hydraulic head or suction and the wetting front were recorded. Advancing displacement and rate of the wetting front, the cumulative infiltration, the instantaneous infiltration rate, the average infiltration rate were determined to assess rainfall infiltration process comprehensively, combining with SWCC and HCF. Additionally, the effects of dry density and runoff on the one-dimensional (1D) vertical infiltration process of soil columns were evaluated. The results showed that the variation curve of the wetting front displacement versus time obeys a power function relationship, the infiltration rate–time relationship curve and the unsaturated permeability curve could be roughly divided into three stages, and the SWCC and HCF calculated by volumetric moisture content are more sensitive to changes in dry density than to changes in runoff or hydraulic head height.
Dependence of peak force during granular impact on projectile geometry
Authors: Williams Hollis
Published: September 2024

Force measurements were performed for conical projectiles impacting a granular bed. The diameter and density of the grains was varied, along with the mass, density, and tip shape of the projectiles. At medium speeds, the data can be described by a scaling law which varies as the square root of the densities of the projectile and the granular material and linearly with respect to impact speed and cone angle.
ORCID ID: 0000 − 0003 − 3292 − 602X
Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots for ratiometric fluorometric determination of mercury ions
Authors: Li Fenglan , Lu Liqin , Wu Yutong , Meng Liang , Zhu Binling , Xu Quanming , Zhuang Guoxin , zhuang Junyang
Published: September 2024

Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs) were prepared for dual-channel ratiometric fluorescence determination of mercury ions (Hg2+). The dual-emission N,S-CDs were synthesized using a simple one-pot hydrothermal treatment. When excited with visible light, N,S-CDs exhibited two emission peaks at 390 and 500 nm. Notably, the presence of Hg2+ caused a considerable decrease in the fluorescence of N,S-CDs at 500 nm, mainly due to the static quenching effect. In comparison, the fluorescence at 390 nm was almost unchanged. With a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.21 µM for Hg2+, the N,S-CDs were successfully applied to the unlabeled ratiometric fluorescence determination of Hg2+ in actual water samples with good recoveries (94.5–107.8%). In conclusion, this developed ratiometric fluorescent sensor provides a reliable, environmentally friendly, rapid, and efficient platform for detecting Hg2+ in environmental applications.
Molecular Identification of Fasciola and Dicrocoelium species isolates in ruminants live stock from Kashan and Arak in center of Iran
Authors: Arbabi Mohsen , Hooshyar Hossein , Delavari Mahdi
Published: September 2024

Fascioliasis and Dicrocoeliasis are important trematode infections that affect humans and ruminants worldwide. Molecular techniques have a conclusive role in detection liver flukes. The purpose of the current study was to find out the genotypic diversity of Fasciola and Dicrocoelium spp. isolated from different hosts in Iran. Totally, 160 and 200 adult Fasciola and Dicrocoelium spp. isolates collected from infected cattle, sheep, and goats from two abattoirs in the center of Iran. PCR-RFLP, and DNA sequences nuclear markers (18S, 28S, ITS) and the mitochondrial marker (ND1, CO1) were applied. PCR products of Dicrocoelium and Fasciola samples, were subjected to digestion by Bfa1, TruiI, BsrB1, ECO881, and Hind III enzymes. DNA from 60 isolates of Fasciola and Dicrocoelium of different hosts were sequenced and evaluated. The PCR reaction showed the length of 18S, 28S, ND1, CO1 of Fasciola at 260bp, 618bp, 700bp, and 500bp, and the length of the ITs2 and 28S of Dicrocoelium was 236bp and 963bp respectively. D. dendriticum has an RFLP pattern of 110, and 126bp (ITS2), and 116, 293, 409bp (28s) using, Bfa1 and Tru1I restriction enzymes. F. gigantica has a profile of 333, and 285bp (28s) using Bsrb1 enzyme. The RFLP pattern of genotype F. hepatica was 73, 120, and 507bp (ND1) and 119 and 381bp (CO1) in size using Hind III and ECO881 enzymes. Using the PCR-RFLP, three species of F. hepatica, F. gigantica, and D.dendriticum were identified. To uncover the genetic population structure of liver flukes across the country, future studies are still required.
Nighttime Lights Data as an Indicator of Electricity Outage Vulnerability: Case Study of Winter Storm Uri
Authors: Kahl Alexandra Claire , Tran Liem , Bhaduri Budhendra
Published: September 2024

Power outage data aggregated at a specific administrative level, such as census tract or census block, is not publicly available. This creates barriers to understanding spatial distribution of outage vulnerability, resulting in challenges in outage preparedness and disaster response. We work to better understand spatial power outage vulnerability by deriving simulated values through implementation of maximum entropy models, which represent likelihood of outage occurrence at the census tract level in Houston, TX. We develop a model utilizing nighttime light data to produce power outage likelihood values at the census block level. Nighttime lights outages during Winter Storm Uri (February 11–18, 2021) are used as inputs in the MaxEnt machine learning model. Energy transmission, generation, hospitals, emergency services and tree coverage data are used as predictors within MaxEnt. Results show that the model performs relatively well with a mean area under the curve of 0.758 (a common threshold for model evaluation is 0.70). Power line density, tree coverage and proximity to schools are the most influential variables in power outage vulnerability (contributing percentages are 73.0%, 7.1% and 5.2%, respectively). Utilizing MaxEnt prediction, we generate likelihood of outage occurrence values between 0 and 1 for each census block. Our work provides a novel methodology for nighttime lights processing and new applications for MaxEnt. These results provide insight into which census tracts are the most vulnerable to power outage during extreme weather events.
Impact of Dredging on Diagenesis and Nutrient Release in a Restored Mediterranean Lagoon (Lake of Tunis, Tunisia)
Authors: Mna Haifa Ben , Oueslati Walid , Helali Mohamed Amine , Added Ayed
Published: September 2024

Three sediment cores from dredged and undredged areas of Northern lake of Tunis, a mediterranean lagoon in northern of Tunisia, were used to investigate behavior of nutrients related to diagenetic reactions in sediment and assess the release of reduced nitrogen and phosphorus from surface sediment to the water, 30 years after dredging. The results show diffusion from the sediment towards the water column. Expecting from the results that the degradation of organic matter and the resulting N and P fluxes would be greater in the dredged area due to the oxygenation of the environment, this process was more significant in the undredged area. A comparison with the pre-dredging sediments show that the influence of dredging is very remarkable over time. It has effectively reduced organic matter contents (TOC levels after dredging were 2 to 9,5 times lower) and consequently the fluxes of reduced nitrogen and phosphorus species across the sediment-water interface. Fluxes of ammonium decreased 153 times and those of phosphorus about 8 104 times. This explains the improvement in the quality of water and sediment in the northern lake of Tunis.
Strong Protection by Bazedoxifene Against Chemically-Induced Ferroptotic Neuronal DeathIn Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Hao Xiangyu , Zhu Bao-Ting , Wang Yifan , Hou Mingjie , Yang Yongxiao , Liao Lixi , Chen Tongxiang , Wang Pan , Chen Xiaojun
Published: September 2024

Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death associated with iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, can be induced in cultured cells by chemicals (e.g., erastin and RSL3). It has been shown that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a mediator of chemically-induced ferroptosis and also a crucial target for ferroptosis protection. The present study reports that bazedoxifene (BAZ), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is an inhibitor of PDI and can strongly protect against chemically-induced ferroptosis in neuronal cells. We find that BAZ can directly bind to PDI and inhibit its catalytic activity. Computational modeling analysis reveals that BAZ forms a hydrogen bond with PDI’s His256 residue. Inhibition of PDI by BAZ markedly reduces iNOS and nNOS dimerization and NO accumulation, and these effects of BAZ are associated with reductions in cellular ROS and lipid-ROS and protection against chemically-induced ferroptosis. In addition, the direct antioxidant activity of BAZ may also partially contribute to its protective effect against chemically-induced ferroptosis. In vivo animal experiments have shown that mice treated with BAZ are strongly protected against kainic acid-induced memory deficits and hippocampal neuronal damage. Together, these results demonstrate that BAZ is a potent inhibitor of PDI and can strongly protect against chemically-induced ferroptosis in hippocampal neurons both in vitro and in vivo. This work also provides evidence for an estrogen receptor-independent, PDI-mediated mechanism of neuroprotection by BAZ.
Population genomics of Macrophomina spp. reveals cryptic host specialization and evidence for meiotic recombination
Authors: Pennerman Kayla , Goldman Polly , Dilla-Ermita C. Jade , Ramos Gerardo , Jaime Jose , Lopez-Hernandez Javier , Ramos Jacqueline , Aviles Manuel , Borrero Celia , Gomez Apollo , Neal Jodi , Chilvers Martin , Ortiz Vivana , Stukenbrock Eva , Goldman Gustavo , Mengistu Alemu , Lopez-Nicora Horacio , Sacher Gabriel , Vaghefi Niloofar , Kiss Levente , Benz J. , Machado Alexandre , Seijo Teresa , Peres Natalia , Martin Frank , Broome Janet , Ivors Kelly , Cole Glenn , Knapp Steven , McFarlane Dylan , Mattner Scott , Gambardella Marina , Henry Peter
Published: September 2024

Knowledge of the factors structuring populations of pathogenic fungi is fundamental to disease management efforts and basic biology. High-quality short-read sequence data were obtained for 463 Macrophomina spp. isolates collected from 91 host plant species and soil in 23 countries. Analyses revealed high diversity, admixture, and equal mating type ratios suggesting on-going recombination. Although most tested isolates could asymptomatically colonize strawberry, only isolates from a single phylogroup caused disease. In addition to strawberry, evidence for host specialization was discovered for soybean, demonstrating this broad host range pathogen contains phylogroups with cryptic specialization. Geography × isolate genotype associations were weak, suggesting these species were frequently trafficked between regions. Re-analysis using genomic data supported current species boundaries, and new molecular markers were designed to specifically identify each species. Contrary to expectations, M. phaseolina should be considered a species with both specialist and generalist populations for which meiosis can increase genetic diversity.
Blood and cerebrospinal fluid differences between Parkinson's disease and related diseases
Authors: Ma Jie , Tang Zhijian , Wu Yaqi , Zhang Jun , Wu Zitao , Huang Lulu , Liu Shengwen , Wang Yu
Published: September 2024

Accurately diagnosing Parkinson’s disease (PD) in its early stages is difficult due to its symptoms overlapping with those of various disorders, including atypical Parkinsonian syndromes, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and even essential tremor. This complicates the diagnostic process for PD, which traditionally heavily relies on symptomatic assessment and treatment response. Recent advances have identified several biomarkers in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), including α-synuclein, lysosomal enzymes, fatty acid-binding proteins, and neurofilament light chain, that may potentially be used to diagnosed PD. However, not all can effectively distinguish PD from related disorders or identify its subtypes. This review advocates for a paradigm shift towards biomarker-based diagnosis to effectively distinguish between PD and similar conditions and to categorize PD into its subtypes. These biomarkers may reflect the differences that exist among different diseases and provide an effective way to accurately understand their mechanisms. This review focused on blood and CSF biomarkers of PD that may have differential diagnostic value and the related molecular measurement methods with high diagnostic performance due to emerging technologies.
Exploring the Potential of Tb and Bi Doped LaF3 as a UV Absorber
Authors: Deshmukh Pratik , Sharma Bhumika , Sahu Khageswar , Satapathy Srinibas , Majumder Shovan kumar
Published: September 2024

Lanthanide-based nanophosphors are finding significant applicability in various fields such as LED, solar spectral convertors, lasers, biological sensors etc, owing to their superior stability and luminescence properties. However, their function as a UV protector hasn't evolved, possibly because of their limited absorption cross-section in the UV spectral region. Hence, to overcome this limitation, in this work, a strategy to utilize Bi3+ ion as a co-dopant in LaF3:Tb3+ nanophosphor has been devised. These nanophosphors with uniform morphology and narrow particle size distribution were synthesized using hydrothermal method. Luminescence mechanism involving energy transfer from Bi3+ to Tb3+ were investigated. Excitation spectrum of LaF3 nanophosphor, co-doped with Bi and Tb, reveals distinct absorption bands. Absorption ascribed to Bi3+ characterizes the UV range between 220–275 nm, whereas Tb3+ is associated with absorption in another UV range spanning 280 to 380 nm. This shows the potential applicability of the Bi and Tb co-doped LaF3 nanophosphor as UV absorber. The cytotoxicity of these nanophosphors was tested on HaCaT cells, which indicates their potential applicability in health care field.
Effect of stereocomplexation on the microcellular foaming behaviour at high temperature, compressive property and heat resistance of branched poly(L-lactide)/poly(D-lactide)
Authors: Zhong Mingxuan , Liu Shao , Chen Shihong , Wang Xiangdong , Wang Yaqiao
Published: September 2024

To improve the melt strength and crystallisation property of polylactic acid (PLA) for achieving a good foaming performance at high temperatures, linear poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) was mixed with an epoxy chain extender to obtain branched PLLA (bPLLA), which was then blended with poly(d-lactide) (PDLA) to prepare a bPLLA/PDLA blend. The bPLLA/PDLA blend produced stereocomplex (SC) crystals, which increased the melt strength and viscosity of the blend. The synergistic effect of the SC crystals and the branched structure endowed bPLLA/PDLA with high melt strength and processability. In contrast, the nucleation effect of the SC crystals on bPLLA reduced the cell size, resulting in excellent microcellular foamability at the melting temperature. The formation of SC crystals in the blending process increased the crystallinity and enhanced the cell structure. As a result, the compressive strength of bPLLA/PDLA is increased from 0.44 MPa to 0.72 MPa. At 150°C, the dimensional deformation rate decreased from 42.59–13.13%, whereas the heat resistance increased by > 300%. This research provides a facile method for preparing PLA microcellular foams with high performance at high temperatures, which is essential for practical applications.
Ionic liquid-modified magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite as a powerful adsorbent for the removal of lead ions and brilliant blue dye
Authors: Dadvar Farkhondeh , Elhamifar Dawood
Published: September 2024

In this research, a magnetic graphene oxide modified with ionic liquid has been synthesized and used as a powerful nanocomposite for the removal of lead (Pb2+) ions and brilliant blue (BB) dye from a water sample. This nanocomposite was characterized by using EDS, FTIR, SEM, and VSM techniques, which confirmed the successful formation of the desired nanocomposite and good immobilization of the ionic liquid. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy techniques were employed to quantify the extent of removal of Pb2+ ions and BB dye. The removal percentages of Pb2+ ions and BB dye by the prepared nanocomposite were 94% and 96%, respectively, demonstrating its excellent performance. According to the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacities of the nanocomposite toward Pb2+ ions and BB dye were achieved to be 83.34 and 84.76 mg g− 1, respectively. Also, this nanocomposite was recoverable and reusable at least three times.
Threat Categorization and Conservation Prioritization of Floristic Diversity in Pangi Valley of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya
Authors: RANA OM , Samant SS Samant , Kumar Vijay
Published: September 2024

Extinction is the most irreversible phenomenon of all the major environmental calamities happened on earth crust. Biodiversity extinction rate is faster than the natural extinction with the results of changes land use pattern, unsustainable use of natural resources, pollution, habitat degradation, climate change, invasion of alien species, conversion of forest land for cultivation and residential as well as commercial purposes resulting in natural habitat degradation and is a direct cause of extinction and loss of biodiversity. In the present investigation, an approach has been developed to prioritize species at local level in Pangi valley, District Chamba by using six conservation attributes i.e., population size, habitat preference, distribution range, anthropogenic pressures, extraction trend, use pattern, endemism and nativity. Threat categories of floristic diversity were identified on the basis of Conservation Priority Index. Of the total 780 species of vascular plants recorded, 95 species were fallen under different threat categoriesi.e.,14 species Critically Endangered,18 Endangered,25 Vulnerable,38 Near Threatened and other species were under Least Concern category. As per IUCN threatened list, out of total, 02 species were reported under Critically Endangered, 07 Endangered, 05 Vulnerable, 02 Near Threatened and remaining species under Least Concern categories. Out of total, 08 species were reported under Critically Endangered,09 Endangered 08 Vulnerable by many researchers in Himachal Pradesh. Maximum 75 threatened species were identified between 2801-3800m; 31 were recorded in Cedrus deodara community, followed by 24 in Betula utilis community. The overexploitations and unsustainable use of natural resources and destruction of habitats contribute to the major loss of biodiversity. Therefore, regular monitoring of populations and habitats, development of conventional protocols, establishment of species in-situ conditions and habitats and replication of this approach in other parts of Indian Himalayan Region have been suggested.
Comparative Analysis of Cardiovascular Disease risk in a local population of Sri Lankans using risk predictors: WHO ISH charts, Original and recalibrated Framingham Equation
Authors: Ranasinghe Sameera Upashantha , Rathnadivakara O B S K , Ranasinghe Lakshitha Iroshan , Tennakoon Sampath U
Published: September 2024

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) accounted for 32% of global deaths in 2019, mostly in lower and middle-income countries and ischemic heart diseases and stroke were leading causes. Prevention relies on individual CVD risk prediction using methods like the Framingham Risk Equation, SCORE, and WHO ISH charts for effective screening and management.This study focuses on assessing and comparing CVD risk using different WHO ISH charts and both traditional and recalibrated Framingham equations and calculating the agreement between specific risk predictors.
Methods:CVD risk was assessed using WHO ISH Chart with cholesterol levels of 5mmol/dl and 4mmol/dl, and individual cholesterol levels. Additionally, the non-cholesterol WHO ISH Chart was used. The four values were compared using the Cohen Kappa statistic. CVD risk was calculated using the traditional Framingham Equation and a recalibrated version with local data. These were compared with WHO ISH Chart results using Cohen Kappa statistic. The Framingham scores were categorized per WHO ISH categories. Multivariate analysis was performed using SPSS 25 to find out the association between risk factors not used for risk calculation with the predicted cardiovascular disease risk.
Results:WHO ISH methods indicated a 10-year CVD risk below 10% for over 90% of the population. Original and recalibrated Framingham scores predicted 55.5% and 62.3% with less than 10% risk, respectively. Significant gender differences were noted in high CVD risk category between the original Framingham (13.8% females vs. 21.3% males) and recalibrated Framingham (9% females vs. 13.4% males) risk equation. WHO ISH cholesterol method showed substantial agreement (k=0.716, p<0.001) with WHO ISH assume 5 method, while the non-cholesterol method had slight agreement (k=0.124, p<0.01) with WHO ISH assume 4 method. Substantial agreement (k=0.613, p<0.01) was found between original and recalibrated Framingham scores. The original Framingham score had poor agreement with WHO ISH methods, but recalibration improved the values, with the highest being fair agreement (k=0.365, p<0.01) with the WHO ISH cholesterol method.
Conclusion:Different CVD risk prediction methods yielded varying 10-year risk distributions. Significant differences were observed between original and recalibrated Framingham scores. Varying levels of agreement were observed between risk predictors. Associations were also found between non-calculated risk factors and predicted CVD risk.
Macro-financial transition risks along mitigation pathways: evidence from a hybrid agent-based integrated assessment model
Authors: Fierro Luca Eduardo , Reissl Severin , Lamperti Francesco , Campiglio Emanuele , Drouet Laurent , Emmerling Johannes , Kremer Elise , Tavoni Massimo
Published: September 2024

Although the case for a swift climate transition is clear, its macro-financial viability remains uncertain. To shed light on the macroeconomic and financial response to deep mitigation trajectories controlled by carbon pricing, we integrate a process-based integrated assessment model into a macroeconomic agent-based model. The hybrid framework allows translating energy systems transformations into macro-financial outcomes at business cycle frequency and volatility. The results reveal that rapid transitions induced by fast-growing carbon prices significantly impact unemployment, inflation, and income distribution. Stabilization policies reduce these economic fluctuations, though not completely so in 1.5°C compatible scenarios. Our paper emphasizes the need for coordinating climate and macroeconomic policy during decarbonization. Additionally, it showcases how model integration can lead to a better understanding of the economic implications of low-carbon futures.
Diabetes mellitus impairs the bone regeneration capacity of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy
Authors: Souza Alann Thaffarell Portilho , Freitas Gileade Pereira , Lopes Helena Bacha , Weffort Denise , Adolpho Leticia Faustino , Gomes Maria Paula Oliveira , Oliveira Fabiola Singaretti , Almeida Adriana Luisa Gonçalves , Beloti Marcio Mateus , Rosa Adalberto Luiz
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus (DM) negatively impacts bone tissue, leading to bone loss and increased fracture risk with many in need of additional treatments, and therapy based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represents a promising treatment for bone defects in patients with diabetes. The present investigation explored the interactions between MSCs from normoglycemic (NG-MSCs) and diabetic (DM-MSCs) donors on osteoblast differentiation and the effects of NG-MSCs on bone regeneration in defects created in diabetic rats.
METHODS
After DM induction with streptozotocin, we evaluated the morphometric parameters of femurs and MSC osteoblast differentiation, as well as the effects of the interactions between NG-MSCs and DM-MSCs on osteoblast differentiation. The efficacy of cell therapy was measured by evaluating bone regeneration in the calvarial defects of diabetic rats treated with local injection of either NG-MSCs or vehicle.
RESULTS
DM induced bone loss and impaired osteoblast differentiation of MSCs, which was partially restored by NG-MSCs, and the bone formation observed in defects treated with either NG-MSCs or vehicle was similar.
CONCLUSION
These findings indicate that the beneficial effect of NG-MSCs on DM-MSCs did not translate to enhanced bone repair, mostly due to the hostile environment created by hyperglycemia, which compromises the capacity of MSCs to induce bone formation.
PP/PVDF Hollow Fiber Membrane Coatings for CO2 Capture: Interaction Parameters via Box-Behnken Design
Authors:   School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Ahmad Abdul Latif , Mohd Harun Mohd Hazarel Zairy ,   School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Kelana Putra Muhammad Aiman ,   School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Hassan Amir Ikmal ,   School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Zainuddin Muhd Izzudin Fikry ,   School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Published: September 2024

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane has shown potential for CO2 capture due to their chemical stability and mechanical strength. The coating process using polypropylene (PP) influenced the CO2 flux. This study optimises the coating parameters on the PVDF membrane using Box-Behnken Design (BBD). Key factors examined were methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) concentration, operating time and coating cycles. The investigated PVDF membrane was employed in the membrane gas adsorption (MGA) to examine the CO2 flux. Experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial quadratic model, yielding an R2 value of 0.9028, indicating a strong fit. The optimisation revealed that 25% MEK concentration, 30 min of operating time and single coating cycle obtained the highest desirability score of 0.945. Significant factors include the MEK concentration (p-value of 0.0228), operating time (p-value of 0.0018) and coating cycles (p-value of 0.0164). This model effectively captures the linear and interaction effects of the variable on the CO2 flux. The optimised parameters significantly enhance the CO2 flux, contributing to the development of a high-performance membrane for CO2 capture. The application of the optimised PVDF membrane in MGA system demonstrates its efficiency in CO2 separation. This study advances membrane technology, providing a robust framework for future research in CO2 separation.
Microwave Crosslinked Chitosan/Green Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles Film: Comprehensive Characterisation and Antimicrobial Performance
Authors:   School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Masbah Mas Syazlin , Iqbal Anwar ,   School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Ida Junichi ,   Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8577, Japan, Mydin Rabiatul Basria S. M. N. ,   Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia., Md Noh Nur Asshifa ,   School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Zainul Rahadian ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia,   Centre for Energy and Power Electronics Research, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, Hussin M. Hazwan ,   School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Published: September 2024

Conventional crosslinkers used to reduce the swelling of chitosan films are prone to toxicity. Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles, on the other hand, present a safer alternative. This study aims to crosslink microwave-synthesised green fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (GFCNPs) with high quantum yield (44%) and chitosan film via solvent casting (CHT/GFCNPs). The particle size distribution of GFCNPs predominantly ranged from 5 nm to 15 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analyses indicated the presence of graphite. Attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy detected various functional groups that enabled crosslinking. The CHT/GFCNPs exhibited significantly lower swelling (500%) compared to chitosan film (2300%). Preliminary findings of antibacterial activity demonstrated the effects of the compounds on bacteria with different cell wall structures, namely Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The CHT/ GFCNPs showed potential antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a Grampositive bacteria, compared to Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative bacteria.
Fractionalization of coset non-invertible symmetry and exotic Hall conductance
Authors: Hsin Po-Shen , Kobayashi Ryohei , Zhang Carolyn
Published: September 2024

We investigate fractionalization of non-invertible symmetry in (2+1)D topological orders. We focus on coset non-invertible symmetries obtained by gauging non-normal subgroups of invertible 00-form symmetries. These symmetries can arise as global symmetries in quantum spin liquids, given by the quotient of the projective symmetry group by a non-normal subgroup as invariant gauge group. We point out that such coset non-invertible symmetries in topological orders can exhibit symmetry fractionalization: each anyon can carry a “fractional charge” under the coset non-invertible symmetry given by a gauge invariant superposition of fractional quantum numbers. We present various examples using field theories and quantum double lattice models, such as fractional quantum Hall systems with charge conjugation symmetry gauged and finite group gauge theory from gauging a non-normal subgroup. They include symmetry enriched S_3S3 and O(2)O(2) gauge theories. We show that such systems have a fractionalized continuous non-invertible coset symmetry and a well-defined electric Hall conductance. The coset symmetry enforces a gapless edge state if the boundary preserves the continuous non-invertible symmetry. We propose a general approach for constructing coset symmetry defects using a “sandwich” construction: non-invertible symmetry defects can generally be constructed from an invertible defect sandwiched by condensation defects. The anomaly free condition for finite coset symmetry is also identified.
VALIDATED RP - HPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ATORVASTATIN AND EZETIMIBE IN PURE AND COMBINED PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, CMR College of Pharmacy, Medchal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India., Rama Rao Tadikonda , Madhuri Lode ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, CMR College of Pharmacy, Medchal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Published: September 2024

A simple, specific, precise, and efficient method for the simultaneous estimation of Atorvastatin and Ezetimibe in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms by a Reverse Phase - High Performance Liquid Chromatography method is developed and validated. Selected mobile phase was in a combination of Methanol and Phosphate buffer (pH - 3.8) (40:60 % v/v). Optimized column is a Phenomenex Gemini C18 (4.6 mm Ã— 250 mm) 5 Âµm particle size and at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with detection wavelength at 251 nm for Atorvastatin and Ezetimibe. In our study, the validation of analytical method for determination of Atorvastatin and Ezetimibe in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms was performed in accordance with the parameters including - system suitability, specificity, linearity of response, accuracy, precision (reproducibility & repeatability), robustness (change of wave length Â± 2 nm). The method is validated according to ICH guidelines. The results obtained by RP - HPLC method are rapid, accurate and precise. Therefore, proposed method can be used for routine analysis of Atorvastatin and Ezetimibe in the pure form as well as in combined pharmaceutical dosage form.
INVENTORY OF PHYTOSANITARY CONSTRAINTS AND CHEMICAL PRODUCTS ENCOUNTERED IN PAPAYA CULTIVATION IN THE NIAYES AREA (SENEGAL)
Authors:   Iba Der Thiam University (UIDT) BP: A967, Doctoral School Sustainable Development and Society (ED2DS) Thies, Senegal., Marie Coll Cisse Awa ,   National Higher School of Agriculture (ENSA) BP 296 Km 7, Khombole Road Thies, Senegal., Madiallacke Diedhiou Papa ,   Gaston Berger University (UGB) BP 234, UFR of Agronomic Sciences, Aquaculture and Food Technologies (UFR S2ATA) Ngallele Road Saint-Louis, Senegal., Dieye Cheikh ,   Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar (UCAD), Department of Plant Biology, BP 5005 Dakar Fann, Senegal., Diedhiou Ibrahima ,   National Higher School of Agriculture (ENSA) BP 296 Km 7, Khombole Road Thies, Senegal.
Published: September 2024

Fruit growing faces several obstacles. Phytosanitary constraints are at the top of the list. Papaya growing in the Niayes area is no exception to the rule. This study aims to draw up an inventory of the phytosanitary constraints affecting papaya and the products used for chemical control of this crop in the Niayes area. Fifty (50) farms were visited, and a list was drawn up of the pests encountered, namely insects, arachnids, nematodes, diseases, and the active ingredients most commonly used. The survey showed that mealybugs were the most common insect pests and that red spider mites were the most common arachnid pests. Fungal and viral diseases were predominant, with trunk/collar rot and papaya ringspot virus. Thirty (30) active ingredients were listed for phytosanitary treatments. A total of forty-seven (47) synthetic pesticides were found. Of these, only fifteen (15) appeared on the list of products approved by the Sahelian Pesticides Committee. Carbofuran, which is a prohibited active ingredient, was used by 28% of the growers we met. Mancozeb, Thiofanate methyl, and Zineb, which are among the most widely used fungicides, have been banned in Europe.To our knowledge, this is the first article to deal with the issue in Senegal.
PATERNAL STRESS OF CHILDREN WITH ADHD: A SAMPLE FROM ASSER REGION, SAUDI ARABIA
Authors:   Consultant of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Hospital, Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia., Alsubaie Sultan , Alshikhi Ibrahem ,   Consultant of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Hospital, Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia., Asiri Anas ,   Psychiatric Resident, Abha Psychiatric Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia., Alqahtani Fatimah ,   Psychiatric Resident, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Published: September 2024

Background: Parenting a child with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can present unique challenges that often result in increased stress levels for parents. The current study aimed to examine the parental stress of children with ADHD in Asser region, southern Saudi Arabia and to correlate the results with different variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 54 parents recruited during routine visit to Prince Mohammad bin Salman for developmental disorders Centre in Aseer Region, between march 2022 and October 2023 was conducted. Electronic questionnaire distributed to all participants that include sociodemographic variables, general information about the child and his parents and the Parenting Stress Index: Short Form (PSI â€“ SF) (Arabic version). Results: The mean (PSI/SF) total stress score was 92 Â± 23, with approximately 61.1% of the sample exhibiting clinically significant stress levels (percentiles above 33). The analysis of socio-demographic factors, did not demonstrate statistically significant correlations with parental stress levels (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Within this specific sample, socio-demographic characteristics did not exhibit significant correlations with parental stress. However, the overall parental stress levels, indicate a noteworthy prevalence of elevated stress levels among the participants, irrespective of these socio-demographic factors. Further research and exploration into other unmeasured variables or contextual aspects may provide a more comprehensive understanding of the sources and drivers of parental stress in this sample.
BETWEEN APPREHENSION AND APPRECIATION: A QUALITATIVE PSYCHOANALYSIS OF THOMAS HARRIS THE SILENCE OF THE LAMBS
Authors:   Student, BA English Literature, Department of English, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed To Be University), Chennai, India - 600119., Lakshmi K. Yuktha , Bala V. Thulasi ,   Assistant Professor of English, Department of English, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed To Be University), Chennai, India - 600119.
Published: September 2024

Psychoanalysis is a dominant field of social science that explores the complex layers of human psychology. In the novel The Silence of the Lambs written by Thomas Harris, psychoanalytic theory plays a significant role. The researchers objective is to traverse the complex characteristics of Hannibal Lecter and Clarice Starling, who possess dichotomic attributes. Lecters intellectual superiority and psychopathic attributes invite deep introspection into his personality, perceptions, and intentions. His idea is reproached by Clarice Starlings pragmatic nature. These psychological discrepancies between the characters underscore the element of Kleins Object Relations theory. As proposed by Friedrich Nietzsche in Beyond Good and Evil, Lecters idea of morality traces the concept of Perspectivism which implies that the notion of good and evil transcends conventional beliefs and practices. The study also attempts to investigate the uncanny relationship between Lecter and Clarice. The two characters shift from being apprehensive to becoming appreciative of each other is the focal point of the research paper. The paper applies psychological approach of Sigmund Freuds three sections of the human psyche: Id, ego, and super-ego. Freuds concept of Eros and Thanatos gets enforced when Lecters violent tendencies grapple with his refined tastes after encountering Clarice. Anna Freuds Defence Mechanism aids in understanding the characters responses to their traumas. While dealing with binary oppositions, the study examines the distinct dimensions of the characters minds. The research also employs ethical criticism to analyze how their relationship challenges conventional moral boundaries and uses deconstruction to examine the blurring of moral and psychological aspects. The research paper ventures to inspect and comprehend the intricate webs of psychodynamics and the relationship arc of Hannibal Lecter and Clarice Starling.
Determining the Diagnostic Strength of Serum Tumor Markers in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in Women from Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Rizwana Hussain  , Saba Khaliq  , Hafiz Usman Ahmad
Published: September 2024

Background: Ovarian cancer is tagged as deadly condition worldwide. The delay in diagnosis due to late presentation and lack of specific screening tests. HE4 and CA15-3 are considered as noninvasive marker with varied cut off reference and sensitivity, specificity among various populations.
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate correlation along with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of HE4, CA15-3 and CA125 among epithelial ovarian cancer.
Methods: This cross section comparative study was conducted on 70 diagnosed ovarian cancer cases age (20 to ≥70) year of any FIGO stage (I-IV after approval from IRB and ethical review board (UHS/Reg-17/ERC-4659) of University of Health sciences. The blood samples were taken and serum levels of HE4 and CA15-3 were measured by ELISA. While CA125 was determined from patient investigation reports.
Results: This study found positive correlation (r=0.089 p=0.66) between malignant and borderline ovarian tumors for HE4, while negative correlation between early (I and II) and advanced (stage III and IV) FIGO stage with r=-0.028 p=0.876. Whereas, for CA15-3 negative correlation was observed with r= -0.006 p=0.980 between malignant and borderline variants of epithelial ovarian cancer and also negative correlation was seen between early (I and II) and advanced (stage III and IV) FIGO stage with r= -0.095 p=0.588.
Conclusions: The discriminative strength of HE4 as biomarker determined by ROC curve was 0.55%. Hence HE4 can be used for diagnosis or prognosis of ovarian cancer.