bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interlocking of chelae is a key factor for dominance hierarchy formation in crayfish
Authors: Ueno Ryusuke , Nagayama Toshiki
Published: July 2012

We characterized the role of chelae during agonistic encounters of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Physical asymmetries in body length, body mass and chelae size were directly related to dominance hierarchy formation. More than 80% of winning crayfish had longer body and chelae lengths, and winners were usually heavier in body mass, even if their differences were less than 3% compared with losing opponents. In mismatched pairings, large crayfish with short chelae were beaten by small crayfish with large chelae. Three physical elements of body length, body mass and chelae length equally affected the outcome of agonistic bouts. Chelae restriction, in which chelae were tightly closed using rubber bands, affected the outcome of agonistic bouts between large and small crayfish. Before chelae restriction, large crayfish won in all pairings. Following chelae restriction for at least 30 days from the first encounters, the winning rate of large crayfish that were previous winners decreased significantly in the second encounters against the same opponents that were previous losers. The handicap of chelae restriction significantly prolonged the time to formation of the winner–loser relationship. Individual fights escalated during agonistic bouts between large crayfish with one chela restricted and small crayfish with intact chelae, whereas the number of fights increased but the duration of individual fights did not increase in large crayfish with both chelae restricted. Furthermore, when the chelae of both large and small crayfish were disabled, the dominance order was frequently not formed during 30 min of agonistic bouts. Preventing chelae from interlocking prevented escalation of agonistic bouts. We show that interlocking of chelae acted as a key factor for the formation of dominance hierarchy.
Effect of fenofibrate treatment for hyperlipidaemia on serum creatinine and cystatin C
Authors: Ncube Vusumuzi , Starkey Bryan , Wang Tim
Published: July 2012

Background

The increase in creatinine in patients on fibrate therapy is well-recognized, but its mechanism is not clearly understood. A study by Hottelart et al. suggested that fibrate-induced creatininaemia was due to the effect of fibrates on creatinine metabolism as opposed to a decline in renal function. To address this hypothesis, we have monitored renal function in a group of hyperlipidaemic patients before commencing fibrate treatment and after three months of therapy.

Methods

We studied 12 subjects (10 men, 2 women), median age 43.5 y (range 33–70 y). Serum creatinine, cystatin C, creatine kinase and fasting lipids were measured.

Results

We observed statistically significant increases in concentrations of serum creatinine ( P < 0.005) and cystatin C( P < 0.01). Concentrations of both analytes increased in 10 (83.3%) of the patients. In these patients, the median increases were 15.1% (range 5.5–23.2%) for creatinine and 9.9% (range 1.1–26.1%) for cystatin C.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate, observed in patients undergoing fibrate therapy, is a genuine effect on kidney function rather than a change in creatinine metabolism as previously postulated, since the rises in serum creatinine concentration were reflected by rises in cystatin C, an independent marker of renal function.
A Polyhedral Study of Multiechelon Lot Sizing with Intermediate Demands
Authors: Zhang Minjiao , Küçükyavuz Simge , Yaman Hande
Published: July 2012

In this paper, we study a multiechelon uncapacitated lot-sizing problem in series (m-ULS), where the output of the intermediate echelons has its own external demand and is also an input to the next echelon. We propose a polynomial-time dynamic programming algorithm, which gives a tight, compact extended formulation for the two-echelon case (2-ULS). Next, we present a family of valid inequalities for m-ULS, show its strength, and give a polynomial-time separation algorithm. We establish a hierarchy between the alternative formulations for 2-ULS. In particular, we show that our valid inequalities can be obtained from the projection of the multicommodity formulation. Our computational results show that this extended formulation is very effective in solving our uncapacitated multi-item two-echelon test problems. In addition, for capacitated multi-item, multiechelon problems, we demonstrate the effectiveness of a branch-and-cut algorithm using the proposed inequalities.
‘You’re like a prisoner in your house. She’s not allowed to go nowhere’: autonomy in young people’s familial relationships in areas affected by high youth crime
Authors: Conolly Anna , Parkes Jenny
Published: July 2012

This article examines how young people living in a London neighbourhood with high levels of crime, negotiate risk with their parents. Parenting strategies for protecting children from risk have been criticised as authoritarian and overprotective, or as neglectful and chaotic. As they discussed how their own families grappled with anxieties about crime, violence and sexual activity, the young people in this study described complex relationships characterised by sensitive negotiation, bounded trust, and support to manage life in a tough neighbourhood. While many families seemed able to maintain a balance between control and autonomy, and to smooth over discord, for others relationships were fractured, further increasing risks to the young people’s safety in a context of routine sexual harassment and gang activity. The article concludes by considering the implications for risk management.
Community parenting and the informal safeguarding of children at neighbourhood level
Authors: Evans Rhiannon , Holland Sally
Published: July 2012

This article explores the notion of ‘community parenting’ in one neighbourhood in South Wales. Community parenting is defined here as parenting that is carried out collectively or between families within a community. Placed within a context of continuing political and practitioner interest in how to understand and enhance parenting in marginalised communities in the United Kingdom, the article reinforces the notion that parenting is carried out within a local social, material and cultural context and is not solely reliant on individual skills. Data are presented from a qualitative research project to explore how social and material aspects such as physical environment, socioeconomic status and kinship networks, plus localised social norms around parenting, impact on the care for, and regulation of, children within the neighbourhood. The article suggests a ‘community parenting paradox’, whereby the visible nature of community practices leads to a relative invisibility of the more positive aspects of ‘community parenting’.
Lurasidone: An Atypical Antipsychotic for Schizophrenia
Authors: Risbood Vineeta , Lee Jennifer R , Roche-Desilets Jennifer , Fuller Matthew A
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE:

To provide a clinical overview of the antipsychotic lurasidone.

DATA SOURCES:

Articles were identified by searching the MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EBSCO databases (through February 2012) using the key word lurasidone. The manufacturer provided information on unpublished Phase 2 and 3 trials. The Clinicaltrials.gov database was reviewed for the status of ongoing and upcoming trials.

STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:

All clinical trials lasting longer than 3 weeks and published in the English language were selected for review. Additional documentation, including the product dossier, package insert, and poster presentations supplied by the publisher, was also evaluated.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

Lurasidone hydrochloride is an atypical antipsychotic that is approved for the treatment of schizophrenia. It is under investigation for treatment of bipolar I disorder. It should be administered with food, is pregnancy category B, is contraindicated for coadministration with strong CYP3A4 inducers and inhibitors, and requires dose adjustments with certain medications and in renal and hepatic impairment. Like other atypical antipsychotics, lurasidone possesses dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A antagonism but exhibits little affinity for histamine H1, α1-adrenergic, or cholinergic M1 receptors. Additionally, it is a potent 5-HT7 antagonist, which may impact depression and cognition. Phase 3 trial results revealed that 40-80 mg administered once daily resulted in statistically significant improvements in schizophrenia symptomatology compared with placebo. Lurasidone's rate of metabolic adverse events is low relative to other atypical antipsychotics; however, this is offset by dose-dependent increases in somnolence, akathisia, and parkinsonism.

CONCLUSIONS:

Lurasidone has shown efficacy when compared to placebo in acute schizophrenia. Full characterization of the adverse effect profile and cognitive and affective benefits requires publication of trials with longer durations.
Discrepancies in Medication Information for the Primary Care Physician and the Geriatric Patient at Discharge
Authors: Cornu Pieter , Steurbaut Stephane , Leysen Tinne , De Baere Eva , Ligneel Claudine , Mets Tony , Dupont Alain G
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND:

Medication discrepancies in discharge medication lists can lead to medication errors and adverse drug events following discharge.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the incidence and type of discrepancies between the discharge letter for the primary care physician and the patient discharge medication list as well as identify possible patient-related determinants for experiencing discrepancies.

METHODS:

A retrospective, single-center, cohort study of patients discharged from the acute geriatric department of a Belgian university hospital between September 2009 and April 2010 was performed. Medications listed in the discharge letter for the primary care physician were compared with those in the patient discharge medication list. Based on the clinical pharmacist–acquired medication list at hospital admission and the medications administered during hospitalization, we determined for every discrepancy whether the medication listed in the discharge letter or the patient discharge medication list was correct.

RESULTS:

One hundred eighty-nine discharged patients (mean [SD] age 83.9 [5.7] years, 64.0% female) were included in the study. Almost half of these patients (90; 47.6%) had 1 or more discrepancies in medication information at discharge. The discharge letters were often more complete and accurate than the patient discharge medication lists. The most common discrepancies were omission of a brand name in the patient discharge medication list and omission of a drug in the discharge letter. Increasing numbers of drugs in the discharge medication list (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.32; p = 0.001) and discharge letter (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.32; p = 0.001) were associated with a higher risk for discrepancies.

CONCLUSIONS:

Discrepancies between the patient discharge medication list and the medication information in the discharge letter for the primary care physician occur frequently. This may be an important source of medication errors, as confusion and uncertainty about the correct discharge medications can originate from these discrepancies. Increasing numbers of drugs involve a higher risk for discrepancies. Medication reconciliation between both lists is warranted to avoid medication errors.
News Flash: Old Mother Hubbard Reports the Cupboard is Bare… Time for the FDA to Let Droperidol Out of the (Black) Box
Authors: Faine Brett , Hogrefe Christopher
Published: July 2012

A quick way for a clinical pharmacist to eliminate himself or herself from “employee of the month” consideration is to mention the term medication shortage. Even with training geared toward maximizing resources, the cumulative disappearance of a plethora of medications for the treatment of nausea, vomiting, and/or primary headaches is almost too much for emergency medicine physicians to manage. With prochlorperazine, metoclopramide, promethazine, and ondansetron in increasingly short supply, it is time for the Food and Drug Administration to revisit droperidol's black box warning driven by Q Tc interval prolongation, given its questionable validity, and restore droperidol's place in the armamentarium of emergency medicine physicians.
Two-Step Curing Reaction of Epoxy Resin Studied by Thermal Analysis and Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Yamasaki Hideki , Morita Shigeaki
Published: July 2012

A curing reaction of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin with 4,4′-diaminodicyclohexyl methane hardener was investigated by means of modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. MDSC observation revealed that the curing process of the resin occurred in two steps. Mid-infrared and near-infrared spectra of the resin were measured as a function of temperature. The obtained spectra were analyzed by perturbation-correlation moving-window two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (PCMW2D-COS). The first step was revealed as a polymerization reaction among the oxirane group and primary and secondary amine groups, followed by etherification; the second step of the curing process occurred in the vicinity of the gelation point and was characterized by the growth of a three-dimensional crosslinking structure with tertiary amine and etherification of the hydroxyl group.
Time-Resolved Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy up to 1700 nm by Means of a Time-Gated InGaAs/InP Single-Photon Avalanche Diode
Authors: Bargigia Ilaria , Tosi Alberto , Shehata Andrea Bahgat , Della Frera Adriano , Farina Andrea , Bassi Andrea , Taroni Paola , Dalla Mora Alberto , Zappa Franco , Cubeddu Rinaldo , Pifferi Antonio
Published: July 2012

We present a new compact system for time-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy of highly scattering media operating in the wavelength range from 1100 nm to 1700 nm. So far, this technique has been exploited mostly up to 1100 nm: we extended the spectral range by means of a pulsed supercontinuum light source at a high repetition rate, a prism to spectrally disperse the radiation, and a time-gated InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diode working up to 1700 nm. A time-correlated single-photon counting board was used as processing electronics. The system is characterized by linear behavior up to absorption values of about 3.4 cm−1 where the relative error is 17%. A first measurement performed on lipids is presented: the absorption spectrum shows three major peaks at 1200 nm, 1400 nm, and 1700 nm.
Near-Infrared (NIR) Raman Spectroscopy of Precambrian Carbonate Stromatolites with Post-Depositional Organic Inclusions
Authors: Tanaka Zuki , Perry Meredith , Cooper George , Tang Suning , McKay Christopher P. , Chen Bin
Published: July 2012

Raman spectroscopy has promising potential for future Mars missions as a non-contact detection technique for characterizing organic material and mineralogy. Such a capability will be useful for selecting samples for detailed analysis on a rover and for selecting samples for return to Earth. Stromatolites are important evidence for the earliest life on Earth and are promising targets for Mars investigations. Although constructed by microorganisms, stromatolites are organo-sedimentary structures that can be large enough to be discovered and investigated by a Mars rover. In this paper, we report the Raman spectroscopic investigations of the carbonate mineralogy and organic layering in a Precambrian (∼1.5 Gyr old) stromatolite from the Crystal Spring Formation of Southern California. Ultraviolet (UV: 266 nm), visible (514 nm, 633 nm), and near-infrared (NIR: 785 nm, 1064 nm) Raman spectra are presented. We conclude that 1064 nm excitation is the optimal excitation wavelength for avoiding intrinsic fluorescence and detecting organic carbon within the carbonate matrix. Our results confirm that NIR Raman spectroscopy has important applications for future Mars missions.
Oximetry of Retinal Capillaries by Multicomponent Analysis
Authors: Furukawa Hiromitsu , Arimoto Hidenobu , Shirai Tomohiro , Ooto Sotaro , Hangai Masanori , Yoshimura Nagahisa
Published: July 2012

Retinal oximetry of capillaries was performed for early detection of retinal vascular abnormalities, which are caused predominantly by complications of systemic circulatory diseases. As the conventional method for determining absorbance is not applicable to capillaries, multicomponent analysis was used to estimate the absorbance spectra of the retinal blood vessels. In this analysis, the capillary spectrum was classified as intermediate between those of the retinal arteries and veins, enabling relative estimation of oxygen saturation in the capillaries. This method could be useful for early recognition of disturbances in the peripheral circulation. Furthermore, a spectroscopic ophthalmoscope system based on the proposed method was developed to examine the human retina. A clinical trial of this system demonstrated that oximetry of the retinal capillaries may be an improvement over the present diagnosis for patients of malignant hypertension.
Depth Profiling for the Identification of Unknown Substances and Concealed Content at Remote Distances Using Time-Resolved Stand-Off Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Zachhuber Bernhard , Gasser Christoph , Ramer Georg , Chrysostom Engelene t. H. , Lendl Bernhard
Published: July 2012

Time-resolved stand-off Raman spectroscopy was used to determine both the position and identity of substances relative to each other at remote distances (up to tens of meters). Spectral information of three xylene isomers, toluene, and sodium chlorate was obtained at a distance of 12 m from the setup. Pairs and triplets of these samples were placed at varying distances (10–60 cm) relative to each other. Via the photon time of flight the distance between the individual samples was determined to an accuracy of 7% (corresponding to a few cm) of the physically measured distance. Furthermore, at a distance of 40 m, time-resolved Raman depth profiling was used to detect sodium chlorate in a white plastic container that was non-transparent to the human eye. The combination of the ranging capabilities of Raman LIDAR (sample location usually determined using prior knowledge of the analyte of interest) with stand-off Raman spectroscopy (analyte detection at remote distances) provides the capability for depth profile identification of unknown substances and analysis of concealed content in distant objects. To achieve these results, a 532 nm laser with a pulse length of 4.4 ns was synchronized to an intensified charge-coupled device camera with a minimum gate width of 500 ps. For automated data analysis a multivariate curve resolution algorithm was employed.
Comparative Investigation of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) in the Determination of Cotton Fiber Crystallinity
Authors: Liu Yongliang , Thibodeaux Devron , Gamble Gary , Bauer Philip , VanDerveer Don
Published: July 2012

Despite considerable efforts in developing curve-fitting protocols to evaluate the crystallinity index (CI) from X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, in its present state XRD can only provide a qualitative or semi-quantitative assessment of the amounts of crystalline or amorphous fraction in a sample. The greatest barrier to establishing quantitative XRD is the lack of appropriate cellulose standards, which are needed to calibrate the XRD measurements. In practice, samples with known CI are very difficult to prepare or determine. In a previous study, 14 we reported the development of a simple algorithm for determining fiber crystallinity information from Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Hence, in this study we not only compared the fiber crystallinity information between FT-IR and XRD measurements, by developing a simple XRD algorithm in place of a time-consuming and subjective curve-fitting process, but we also suggested a direct way of determining cotton cellulose CI by calibrating XRD with the use of CIIR as references.
Link between O2SiH Infrared Band Amplitude and Porous Silicon Photoluminescence During Ambient O3 Oxidation
Authors: Caras Caley A. , Reynard Justin M. , Deuro Randi E. , Bright Frank V.
Published: July 2012

We carefully evaluate how porous silicon (pSi) surface oxidation by ozone (O3) and the resulting changes in nanocrystallite surface chemistries (e.g., SiOSi, SiHx ( x = 1–3), OySiH ( y = 1–2), and SiOH) influence the pSi photoluminescence (PL). We discover a relationship between the pSi PL and the O 2 SiH band amplitude.
A New in Vivo Raman Probe for Enhanced Applicability to the Body
Authors: Pudney Paul D. A. , Bonnist Eleanor Y. M. , Caspers Peter J. , Gorce Jean-Philippe , Marriot Chris , Puppels Gerwin J. , Singleton Scott , van der Wolf Martin J. G.
Published: July 2012

This paper describes a new in vivo Raman probe that allows investigation of areas of the body that are otherwise difficult to access. It is coupled to a previously described commercially available in vivo Raman spectrometer that samples the skin through an optical flat. In the work presented here, the laser light emerges from a smaller pen-shaped probe. It thus works on the same principles as the original spectrometer, while its relative performance in terms of signal-to-noise ratio of the spectra and obtained spatial resolution is only slightly diminished. It allows the window to be placed against the subject in more curved and recessed areas of subject's body and also for them to be more comfortable while the measurements take place. Results from three areas of the body that have previously been very difficult to study are described, the mouth, axilla, and scalp. Results from the scalp and axilla strata cornea (SC) show significant differences from the “normal” SC of the volar forearm. For instance, the scalp is observed to have lower amounts of natural moisturizing factors (NMF) compared to the volar forearm within the same subjects. Also for both the axilla and scalp the lipids show a change in order as compared to the lipids in the volar forearm and also differences from each other. The potential significance of these observations is discussed. Further, we show how we can probe the mouth, in this case observing the presence of the astringent tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate within the oral mucosa.
Internal Multiple-Scattering Hole-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Improved Backscattering Fourier Transform Raman Sampling in Pharmaceutical Tablets Utilizing Cylindrical–Conical Holes
Authors: Larkin Peter J. , Santangelo Matthew , Šašiċ Slobodan
Published: July 2012

The benefits of Raman signal enhancement and improved measurement precision are demonstrated using 180° backscattering Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman) spectroscopy from drilled cylindrical–conical holes within pharmaceutical tablet cores. Multiple scattering of the incident laser light within the holes results in an increased Raman signal due to the larger Raman sampling volume. This is important for overcoming typical sub-sampling issues encountered when employing FT-Raman backscattering of heterogeneous pharmaceutical tablets. Hole depth and diameter were found to be important experimental parameters and were optimized to yield the greatest signal enhancement. The FT-Raman spectra collected using backscattering from cylindrical–conical holes is compared to typical 180° backscattering from flat surfaces using tablet cores of Excedrin® and Vivarin®. Raman chemical images are used to establish a representative sampling area. We observe a three- to five-fold increase in the Raman intensity and a two-fold improvement in the measurement precision when sampling from cylindrical–conical holes rather than classic backscattering from flat tablet cores. Self-absorption effects on analyte band ratios are negligible in the fingerprint region but are more significant at the higher near-infrared (NIR) absorbances found in the C–H/O–H/–N–H stretching region. The sampling technique will facilitate developing quantitative FT-Raman methods for application to pharmaceutical tablets using fingerprint spectral region.
User: Reflections on the narrativization of self within social networking sites: A presentation and discussion of the processes involved in the development of a creative work-in-progress
Authors: YATES SARAH GIBSON
Published: July 2012

This article explores the subject of narrative and self within social media contexts through a presentation and discussion of the project and processes involved in the development of creative writing work-in-progress. The activity has taken place over an eighteen-month period from February
2009–September 2010 with support from the National Lottery Fund through Arts Council East, Arc Digital, CODE and the new writing development scheme Gold Dust. The work undertaken so far consists of the completion of a novel manuscript entitled User and preliminary investigations into
how elements of the novel could be extended online. The work aims to be a dual platform in both subject and form; offering a traditionally authored text about where our online and offline worlds intersect as well as a meaningful intertextual digital experience that invites readers to respond
to the work in critical and creative ways.
Beyond Maus: The experimental comics of Art Spiegelman
Authors: SMITH JIMMY
Published: July 2012

Best known for his Pulitzer Prize winning Maus (Spiegelman 1996), the influence and importance of Art Spiegelman's other work has been less well-documented, despite it forming a cohesive but varied body of work of which Maus is just one part. This article examines the blend of formal
experimentation, autobiography, and the evangelical passion for the medium of comics which is characteristic of the full range of Spiegelman's mature work, and in particular looks at the formal innovations of Breakdowns (Spiegelman 2008), which collected Spiegelman's 1970s experimental work.
This aesthetic was further explored by the Spiegelman-edited Raw magazine, providing both exposure and influence on the generation of alternative cartoonists that followed. The article also traces how Spiegelman's engagement with classic cartoon strips contributed to his 9/11 commentary, In
The Shadow Of No Towers (Spiegelman 2004). This article does not ignore Maus, Spiegelman's most widely known and critically acclaimed work, and examines how his previous experimental work informed Maus' sophisticated narrative and graphic approach, whilst his unflinching, honest autobiographical
work enabled him to produce such an unsentimental, yet poignant and potent narrative of the Holocaust.
REVIEWS
Authors: Salmon Andy , Wheale Nigel
Published: July 2012

THE TRUTH WILL TRIP YOU UP MATTHEW SWEENEY THE NIGHT POST, SALT MODERN POETS SERIES, (2009) London: Salt, 2010, 144pp., ISBN: 9781844714841(pbk), £12.99 BEING HUMAN, NEIL ASTLEY (ED), (2009) Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Bloodaxe, 2011, 512pp., ISBN: 1 85224 809 2(pbK), £12.00

COHERENT,
HUMAN READING CONTEMPORARY POETRY: POETS AND POETRY SINCE 1990, CONTEXTS IN LITERATURE SERIES, IAN BRINTON (ED.), ADRIAN BARLOW (SERIES ED.), (2009) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 128pp., ISBN 9780521712484 (pbk), £8.95 A MANNER OF UTTERANCE: THE POETRY OF J.H. PRYNNE, IAN BRINTON
(ED.), (2009) Bristol: Shearsman Books, 188pp., ISBN 9781848610439 (pbk), £12.95/$20.00, ISBN 9781848640422 (hbk), £29.95/$45.00 THE SALT COMPANION TO JOHN JAMES, SIMON PERRIL (ED.), (2010) London: Salt Publishing, 280pp., ISBN 9781876857967 (pbk), £14.99/$21.95
SUB SONGS, J.H. PRYNNE, (2010) London: Barque Press, 24pp., ISBN 9781903488744 (pbk), £10.00
Performance-making as interruption in practice-led research
Authors: Protopapa Efrosini
Published: July 2012

This article focuses on discussions on practice-led research that seek to describe the possible relations between theory, practice and various non-dance fields of knowledge. In order to explore some of the specificities of the relations between performance practice research and theory,
but also between practice-led research and the professional arts scene, a further examination is made of recent developments in the European contemporary dance scene, where choreography is thought to have expanded, to address theory and to include a wide range of conceptual tools, materials
and strategies. In particular, the case of Jérôme Bel is used to demonstrate how, even when one explicitly invokes theory with/in their work, as long as their doing takes place onstage (or within a performance setting), it already speaks to an economy of knowledge that is specific
to performance-making, rather than that of performance-writing. Following Susan Melrose's proposition that practice emerges as a singular event that is significantly different from theoretical writing, this article then introduces Alain Badiou's notion of 'the event' as a concept through which
to understand practice as a particular type of interruptive operation, in the way it functions to further knowledge within a performance research enquiry. Finally, then, the suggestion is put forward that the practitioner-researcher embraces a task of having to retain a sort of fidelity to
whatever shifts or destabilizations occur within the theoretical writing from interruptions caused by performance-making processes.
Architecting sensation: Voice, light and touch
Authors: Bonenfant Yvon
Published: July 2012

This article looks at how one might bring together Steven Connor's notions of the 'vocalic body' and 'vocalic space', an understanding of the voice as existing on the tactile or haptic register, Laura Marks' theories of haptic videography and haptic cinema and Juhanni Pallasmaa's concept
of a haptic architecture, to understand how voice and light might dance together, and indeed become gesture, in a reaching fashion, towards and with audiences. The article makes reference to work on Bonenfant's performance Beacons.
A free man in Paris: Dance research in action
Authors: Sparling Peter
Published: July 2012

A solo dance improviser/video artist spends four months in Paris to extend and refine his creative practice of making video self-portraits by improvising for stationery camera and then editing on Final Cut Pro. His process – and the website blog he keeps during his stay –
raise questions on the aesthetics and methodologies of making dance for the screen and on the conundrum for a working artist of framing himself or herself within the realm of practice as research (PaR).
Dear Practice ... : The experience of improvising
Authors: Midgelow Vida L
Published: July 2012

Developing out of The Choreographic Lab, a research environment at the University of Northampton, United Kingdom, this article takes the form of an (imaginary) exchange of letters between a dancer and her improvisation practice. The letters embody the experience of dancing – physical,
emotional and memorial. These corporeal resonances weave throughout the letters giving rise to critical discourses in an exploration of the nature of improvisation. Collectively articulating ontological features of improvisation, the letters are shaped around concepts of vulnerability, intuition
and unfolding, regret, (dis)appearance, memory, nomadism and pleasure.
Refractory nonconvulsive status epilepticus in coma: analysis of the evolution of ictal patterns
Authors: Liberalesso Paulo Breno Noronha , Garzon Eliana , Yacubian Elza Marcia T. , Sakamoto Américo C.
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE: Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is currently considered as one of the most frequent types of status epilepticus (SE). The objective of the present study was to identify the natural history of the electrographical evolution of refractory NCSE and to establish the relationship between ictal patterns and prognosis. METHODS: We analyzed, retrospectively, 14 patients with loss of consciousness and NCSE. The ictal patterns were classified as discrete seizures (DS), merging seizures (MS), continuous ictal discharges (CID), continuous ictal discharges with flat periods (CID-F), and periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs). RESULTS: The ictal patterns were DS (n=7; 50.0%), PLEDs (n=3; 1.4%), CID (n=2; 14.3%), MS (n=1; 7.1%), and CID-F (n=1; 7.1%). CONCLUSIONS: NCSE electrographic findings are heterogeneous and do not follow a stereotyped sequence. PLEDs were related to a higher probability of neurological morbidity and mortality.
Management of desmoid-type fibromatosis involving peripheral nerves
Authors: Siqueira Mario G. , Tavares Paulo L. , Martins Roberto S. , Heise Carlos O. , Foroni Luciano H.L. , Bordalo Marcelo , Falzoni Roberto
Published: July 2012

Desmoid-type fibromatosis is an uncommon and aggressive neoplasia, associated with a high rate of recurrence. It is characterized by an infiltrative but benign fibroblastic proliferation occurring within the deep soft tissues. There is no consensus about the treatment of those tumors. We present a surgical series of four cases, involving the brachial plexus (two cases), the median nerve and the medial brachial cutaneous nerve. Except for the last case, they were submitted to multiple surgical procedures and showed repeated recurrences. The diagnosis, the different ways of treatment and the prognosis of these tumoral lesions are discussed. Our results support the indication of radical surgery followed by radiotherapy as probably one of the best ways to treat those controversial lesions.
Is magnetic resonance imaging a plausible biomarker for upper motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/primary lateral sclerosis or merely a useful paraclinical tool to exclude mimic syndromes? A critical review of imaging applicability in clinical routine
Authors: Rocha Antonio José da , Maia Júnior Antonio Carlos Martins
Published: July 2012

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord, brain regions in which conventional magnetic resonance imaging is often uninformative. Although the mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis is estimated to be about one year, the current criteria only prescribe magnetic resonance imaging to exclude "ALS mimic syndromes". Extensive application of non-conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the study of ALS has improved our understanding of the in vivo pathological mechanisms involved in the disease. These modern imaging techniques have recently been added to the list of potential ALS biomarkers to aid in both diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. This article provides a comprehensive review of the clinical applicability of the neuroimaging progress that has been made over the past two decades towards establishing suitable diagnostic tools for upper motor neuron (UMN) degeneration in ALS.
Patometria, parâmetros genéticos e reação de progênies de mamoeiro à pinta-preta
Authors: Vivas Marcelo , Silveira Silvaldo Felipe da , Vivas Janieli Maganha Silva , Pereira Messias Gonzaga
Published: July 2012

A resistência genética constitui-se em alternativa sustentável para o controle de doenças em culturas agrícolas, sendo esta, no entanto, dependente da avaliação de populações naturais ou tradicionais visando à ampliação da base genética. Este trabalho relata a avaliação fenotípica de 24 progênies de mamoeiro, oriundas de genótipos crioulos, cultivados por pequenos agricultores no sul do Estado do Espírito Santo. Avaliaram-se características associadas à resistência à pinta-preta, importante doença desta cultura, causada pelo fungo Asperisporium caricae. Para fins comparativos, foram incluídas uma variedade resistente ('Maradol') e uma suscetível ('Golden') à pinta-preta. Pelos parâmetros genéticos estimados, concluiu-se que na população estudada há variabilidade genética quanto à resistência à pinta-preta suficiente para indicar a seleção recorrente como método de melhoramento.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeastern Brazil: a critical appraisal of studies conducted in State of Pernambuco
Authors: Brito Maria Edileuza Felinto de , Andrade Maria Sandra , Dantas-Torres Filipe , Rodrigues Eduardo Henrique Gomes , Cavalcanti Milena de Paiva , Almeida Alzira Maria Paiva de , Brandão-Filho Sinval Pinto
Published: July 2012

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a complex disease with clinical and epidemiological features that may vary from region to region. In fact, at least seven different Leishmania species, including Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis, Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni, Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi, Leishmania (Viannia) shawi, Leishmania (Viannia) lindenbergi, and Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, have been implicated in the etiology of ACL in Brazil, and numerous phlebotomine sandfly species of the genus Lutzomyia have been regarded as putative or proven vectors. Because ACL is a focal disease, understanding the disease dynamics at the local level is essential for the implementation of more effective control measures. The present paper is a narrative review about the ACL epidemiology in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Furthermore, the need for more effective diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention strategies for the affected populations is highlighted. This paper will provide researchers with a critical appraisal of ACL in Pernambuco. Hopefully, it will also be helpful for public health authorities to improve current control strategies against ACL at the state and country levels.
Descriptive study of HTLV infection in a population of pregnant women from the state of Pará, Northern Brazil
Authors: Sequeira Carina Guilhon , Tamegão-Lopes Bruna Pedroso , Santos Eduardo José Melo dos , Ventura Ana Maria Revoredo , Moraes-Pinto Maria Isabel , Succi Regina Célia de Menezes
Published: July 2012

INTRODUCTION: In Brazil, studies have shown that HTLV seroprevalence among pregnant women varies from 0 to 1.8%. However, this seroprevalence was unknown in the State of Pará, Brazil. The present study describes, for the first time, the HTLV seroprevalence among pregnant women from the State of Pará, Northern Brazil. METHODS: 13,382 pregnant women were submitted to HTLV screening during prenatal care, and those with non-seronegative results to anti-HTLV were submitted to Western blot (WB) test to confirm and separate HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 carriers. RESULTS: HTLV seroprevalence in the population of pregnant women was 0.3%, and HTLV-1 was identified in 95.3% of patients. The demographic profile of HTLV carriers was as follows: women with age between 20 and 40 years old (78.4%); residing in the metropolitan region of Belém, Pará (67.6%); and with educational level of high school (56.8%). Other variables related to infection were as follows: beginning of sexual intercourse between the age of 12 and 18 years old (64.9%) and have being breastfed for more than 6 months (51.4%). Most of the women studied had at least two previous pregnancies (35.1%) and no abortion (70.3%). Coinfections (syphilis and HIV) were found in 10.8% (4/37) of these pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: Seroprevalence of HTLV infection in pregnant women assisted in basic health units from the State of Pará, Northern Brazil, was 0.3% similar to those described in other Brazilian studies. The variables related to infection were important indicators in identifying pregnant women with a higher tendency to HTLV seropositivity, being a strategy for disease control and prevention, avoiding vertical transmission.
Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings in Schistosomiasis mansoni: expanded gallbladder fossa and fatty hilum signs
Authors: Silva Luciana Cristina dos Santos , Andrade Luciene Mota , Paula Ivie Braga de , Queiroz Leonardo Campos de , Antunes Carlos Maurício Figueiredo , Lambertucci José Roberto
Published: July 2012

INTRODUCTION: There is no study relating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to ultrasound (US) findings in patients with Schistosomiasis mansoni. Our aim was to describe MRI findings inpatients with schistosomal liver disease identified by US. METHODS: Fifty-four patients (mean age 41.6±13.5years) from an area endemic for Schistosomiasis mansoni were selected for this study.All had US indicating liver schistosomal fibrosis and were evaluated with MRI performed witha 1.5-T superconducting magnet unit (Sigma). RESULTS: Forty-seven (87%) of the 54 patientsshowing signs of periportal fibrosis identified through US investigation had confirmed diagnosesby MRI. In the seven discordant cases (13%), MRI revealed fat tissue filling in the hilar periportalspace where US indicated isolated thickening around the main portal vein at its point of entryto the liver. We named this the fatty hilum sign. One of the 47 patients with MRI evidence ofperiportal fibrosis had had his gallbladder removed previously. Thirty-five (76.1%) of the other46 patients had an expanded gallbladder fossa filled with fat tissue, whereas MRI of the remainingeleven showed pericholecystic signs of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Echogenic thickening of thegallbladder wall and of the main portal vein wall heretofore attributed to fibrosis were frequentlyidentified as fat tissue in MRI. However, the gallbladder wall thickening shown in US (expandedgallbladder fossa in MRI) is probably secondary to combined hepatic morphologic changes inschistosomiasis, representing severe liver involvement.
Solarização em microcosmo: efeito de materiais vegetais na sobrevivência de fitopatógenos de solo e na produção de voláteis
Authors: Basseto Marco Antonio , Bueno César Júnior , Augusto Fabio , Pedroso Márcio Pozzobon , Furlan Mayra Fontes , Padovani Carlos Roberto , Furtado Edson Luiz , Souza Nilton Luiz de
Published: July 2012

Além das brassicaceas associadas à solarização do solo, novos materiais vegetais como a mandioca e a mamona têm apresentado potencial no controle de fitopatógenos de solo. Assim, objetivou-se verificar os efeitos da incorporação e decomposição de parte aérea de brócolis, mamona e mandioca brava e mansa, associadas à solarização, em conjuntos de microcosmos, sob condições de ambiente controlado, na sobrevivência das estruturas de resistência de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Raça 2, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI e Sclerotium rolfsii; e identificar e apontar o(s) volátil(eis) emanado(s) pela decomposição dos materiais, que poderia(m) estar correlacionado(s) com a inativação dos fitopatógenos. Quanto à sobrevivência dos patógenos, quatro ensaios idênticos foram instalados nos microcosmos, com quatro períodos de exposição independentes (7, 14, 21 e 28 dias). A identificação dos voláteis contou com ensaios realizados sob as mesmas condições da sobrevivência, mas em frascos âmbar e com cromatografia gasosa com detectores por espectrometria de massas (GC-MS) e por ionização em chama (GC-FID), utilizando a técnica de Microextração em Fase Sólida - SPME. Os tratamentos solo+materiais vegetais, ao longo dos períodos testados, reduziram a sobrevivência das estruturas de resistência de todos os fungos. No geral, destacaram-se o brócolis e a mandioca brava, além da mandioca mansa para S. rolfsii. Os voláteis identificados foram oriundos da decomposição de brócolis, mamona e mandioca mansa. Foram identificados 26, 37 e 29 compostos voláteis para brócolis, mamona e mandioca mansa, respectivamente. Correlações positivas e negativas foram observadas entre alguns voláteis e a média dos compostos com a sobrevivência das estruturas de resistência dos fitopatogênicos.
Nematicidal effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne javanica
Authors: Fialho Mauricio Batista , Bessi Rosana , Inomoto Mário Massayuki , Pascholati Sérgio Florentino
Published: July 2012

Previous studies have demonstrated that volatile organic compounds (VOCs), produced by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were able to inhibit the development of phytopathogenic fungi. In this context, the nematicidal potential of the synthetic mixture of VOCs, constituted of alcohols and esters, was evaluated for the control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica, which causes losses to crops of high economic value. The fumigation of substrate containing second-stage juveniles with VOCs exhibited nematicidal effect higher than 30% for the lowest concentration tested (33.3 µL g-1 substrate), whereas at 66.6 and 133.3 µL g-1 substrate, the nematode mortality was 100%. The present results stimulate other studies on VOCs for nematode management.
Fungos e nematóides fitopatogênicos associados ao cultivo de flores tropicais em São Luís - MA
Authors: Sardinha Diogo Herison Silva , Rodrigues Antonia Alice Costa , Diniz Nathália Bandeira , Lemos Raimunda Nonata Santos de , Silva Gilson Soares da
Published: July 2012

Considerando a importância do cultivo de flores tropicais no contexto nacional e internacional, buscou-se realizar um levantamento da ocorrência de fungos e nematóides associados às mesmas, em áreas de cultivos de flores tropicais em São Luís - MA. Foram realizadas visitas periódicas, em intervalos bimestrais, nos locais onde a principal atividade era o cultivo de flores tropicais, para o monitoramento e coleta de plantas ou partes de plantas das espécies: Heliconia spp., Alpinia purpurata e Etlingera elatior com sintomatologia típica de doenças. Realizou-se, ainda, o teste de patogenicidade dos principais fungos detectados como agentes causais das manchas foliares. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a existência de fungos associados aos cultivos de flores tropicais em São Luís, com destaque para Curvularia eragrostides (78 %), Pestalotiopsis sp. (68 %) e Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (47 %) como agentes causais de manchas foliares em espécies da família Heliconiaceae, e Curvularia eragrostides (75 %), Pestalotiopsis sp. (37 %) em espécies da família Zingiberaceae. Foram registrados oito gêneros de nematóides, tanto na família Heliconiaceae, quanto na Zingiberaceae, destacando-se o gênero Meloidogyne.
Ocorrência de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc. em Carthamus tinctorius L. no estado do Paraná
Authors: Carneiro Solange Monteiro de Toledo Pizza Gomes , Silva Michele Regina Lopes da , Romano Euclides Bueno , Borsato Leandro Camargo , Marianowski Tatiana , Gomes José Carlos
Published: July 2012

O cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius) é uma espécie cultivada de importância medicinal e industrial e atualmente é considerado uma planta de grande potencial na produção de biodiesel. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar qual o agente causal das manchas observadas em plantas de cártamo presentes no campo experimental do IAPAR em Londrina-PR. Foram realizados isolamentos a partir de lesões foliares de plantas sintomáticas e realizado teste de patogenicidade dos isolados em plantas sadias de cártamo. As plantas inoculadas apresentaram sintomas de antracnose nas folhas, nas hastes e no capítulo, assim como morte das plântulas. A observação e análise de estruturas reprodutivas do fungo em meio de cultura e no tecido do hospedeiro, assim como a PCR táxon-específica permitiu a identificação dos isolados do fungo como pertencentes à espécie Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Este foi o primeiro relato de antracnose por C. gloeosporioides em cártamo no estado do Paraná.
O senador e o bispo: as estratégias de construção identitária nas eleições municipais cariocas de 2004
Authors: Geraldo Pedro Heitor Barros
Published: July 2012

Este artigo analisa o processo de construção identitária de Marcelo Crivella (então senador da República, eleito em 2002 pelo Partido Liberal, e bispo da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus) em sua campanha para o cargo de prefeito da cidade do Rio de Janeiro nas eleições de 2004 a partir da pesquisa do processo eleitoral nos jornais Folha Universal e O Globo. A observação de três tipos de recursos discursivos utilizados pelas publicações referidas indica, em sua orientação para a disputa política, a ocorrência de uma identidade fragmentária referente ao candidato. Tal processo explica-se no âmbito religioso como uma consequência do fenômeno da secularização e aponta para a autonomia da esfera política e sua relação com a pluralidade de esferas semânticas na sociedade.