bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POLICY DEVELOPMENT FOR EFFECTIVE SCHOOL MANAGEMENT AMIDST DETERIORATING DISCIPLINE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KWAZULU-NATAL: CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES
Authors: Ngogi Emmanuel Mahaye
Published: November 2024

The current increasing indiscipline in the secondary schools undermines the overall management of schools hence the importance of proper school management for the achievement of the set objectives is critical important(Daka, 2021). Another problem that has come to light is eroding discipline among students in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: the issues under the management of misbehaviour disrupt school administration and jeopardize the educational process. In this paper, I discuss the numerous multifaceted causes of the difficulties that current secondary schools encounter in establishing discipline. Through a review of literature, coupled with interviews with educational administrators personally encountered by the researcher, important areas of consideration, among which include the socio-economic conditions, poor school policies, and a bad influence from the community have been found to be among the important factors that contribute to the current disciplinary crisis. The study employs Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory as a framework to analyse the interconnected systems influencing school discipline, including the microsystem (family and school environments), mesosystem (interactions between school and community), exosystem (external policies and socio-economic conditions), and macrosystem (cultural and societal norms). The findings highlight the need for comprehensive and multi-faceted strategies to address these challenges effectively. Some of the key suggestions include providing practical, effective and clear disciplinary measures to be taken, enhancing school community relations, and providing teachers with training and focusing on the socio-economic factors leading to indiscipline. The study also highlights the practical recommendation as ethical leadership and inclusion of the African philosophy, specifically Ubuntu, in developing the better-discipline school climate. This study provides a valuable contribution to the literature on educational management in South and provides practical research that may be useful for policymakers, educators, and school administrators who want to improve school discipline and management. The strategies put forward present an opportunity for schools in KwaZulu-Natal to foster appropriate environment that would facilitate learning and ensure that learners gain improved education outcomes, and instil discipline insisting on accountability among llearners.
Pengenalan Aplikasi Quizizz Sebagai Media Pembelajaran pada Materi Konsep Getaran di SMA Teruna Bakti Waena Jayapura
Authors: Sinaga Ego Srivajawaty , Ngaderman Hubertus , Anou Kezia Noviani , Saputrina Truly Theresia , Sudrajad Bangkit , Tulak Noper , Napitupulu Daniel
Published: November 2024

Mengenal aplikasi Quizizz sebagai media pembelajaran interaktif di era digital merupakan hal yang penting untuk diketahui oleh guru dan siswa. Tercapainya pembelajaran mandiri dengan konsep pembelajaran berdiferensiasi tentu memerlukan fasilitas pendukung. Tak heran jika pemanfaatan teknologi untuk mengoptimalkan pembelajaran mulai banyak digunakan dalam dunia pendidikan. Kegiatan pengabdian yang dilakukan adalah Memperkenalkan aplikasi Quizizz sebagai alat bantu pembelajaran materi konsep getaran di SMA Teruna Bakti Waena Jayapura dengan tujuan membantu guru dan siswa untuk lebih memahami cara penggunaan aplikasi Quizizz dan lebih semangat dalam belajar fisika sehingga memiliki pemahaman yang baik tentang konsep getaran. Hasil dari kegiatan yang dilakukan, siswa dan guru memahami  cara penggunaan aplikasi Quizzizz dan siswa lebih tertarik dalam pembelajaran fisika, terbukti dengan nilai rata-rata  yang dicapai sebesar 87.
Experience with the use of hyaluronic acid solution (Diart) in the treatment of patients with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the hip joint
Authors: Zhuk P , Matsipura M , Artemenko V
Published: November 2024

Background. Degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the joints are chronic progressive pathological conditions, accompanied by such features as presence of pain syndrome, impaired functional capacity, muscle weakness, deformation and instability of the joints. The high prevalence of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the hip joint necessitates the search for optimal non-invasive treatment methods.
Objectives. This study aims to analyze the clinical results of intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid solution (Diart) in the treatment of patients with II–III stages of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the hip joint.
Materials and methods. The clinical results of 30 patients with II–III stages of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the hip joint were analyzed. The group included 11 (36.67%) males and 19 (63.33%) females. The mean age of group was 61.43±7.98 years. All patients underwent a course of drug therapy using hyaluronic acid solution (Diart), which included 3 intra-articular injections of the drug, which were performed with the 7-day interval. Clinical results were evaluated at the initial visit, at 7, 14, 30 and 90 days after the first injection of Diart by objective examination of patients and analysis of subjective data using the WOMAC questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 13 software package.
Results. The high effectiveness of intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid (Diart) in the treatment of patients with II-III stages of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the hip joint and the absence of complications associated with intra-articular injection of the drug have been established. Signs of post-injection sy- novitis, discomfort, swelling or other unpleasant sensations weren’t observed in any of the examined patients. Comparing the results established during remote period, on the 90th day of observation, and indicators determined at the initial visit, we proved a decrease in the intensity of the pain syndrome in the hip joint by 30.35%, in stiffness — by 29.57%, an improvement in the indicators characterizing the functional capacity by 21.34 % and the total values of the WOMAC index — by 27.37%, after a treatment course using Diart.
Conclusion. The high efficiency of using intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid solution (Diart) in the treatment of patients with II–III stages of degen- erative-dystrophic diseases of the hip joint has been proven.
Fortalecimiento institucional y desarrollo local: revisión y perspectivas de las políticas públicas en municipios de quinta y sexta categoría en Colombia
Authors: Torres Hernández Ana María
Published: November 2024

Introducción: El artículo se centra en analizar la eficacia de las políticas públicas en el fortalecimiento institucional y el desarrollo local de estos municipios. Metodología: El enfoque metodológico mixto combina revisión documental, análisis de datos secundarios y entrevistas semiestructuradas con actores clave en el ámbito regional. Resultados: Los resultados destacan la variabilidad en la implementación y el impacto de las políticas públicas, evidenciando desafíos en la coordinación interinstitucional y la asignación de recursos. Se identifican áreas de oportunidad para mejorar la eficiencia y efectividad de las políticas mediante la adaptación a las necesidades específicas de cada municipio y el fortalecimiento de las capacidades institucionales. Discusión: La discusión se centra en la importancia de una evaluación continua y participativa de las políticas públicas para asegurar su relevancia y adaptabilidad al contexto local. Se resalta la necesidad de integrar enfoques innovadores y tecnológicos en la gestión pública para potenciar el desarrollo local. Conclusiones: En conclusión, el estudio subraya la urgencia de reformular las políticas públicas con un enfoque más inclusivo y descentralizado, que promueva la autonomía y capacidad de gestión de los municipios. Se recomienda una mayor inversión en desarrollo institucional y formación de liderazgos locales como pilares fundamentales para el progreso sostenible en estas regiones.
Educación motriz y cultura andaluza: Un micro proyecto de aprendizaje-servicio a través del juego educativo
Authors: Manjón Pozas Daniel de la Cruz , Lucena Zurita Manuel , Luengo Pascual Félix , García Pozas Andrés
Published: November 2024

Introducción: La educación motriz contribuye al desarrollo integral de los niños, integrando su trabajo en proyectos interdisciplinares, con saberes básicos y competencias específicas, del currículo de Educación Infantil y de Educación Primaria. La metodología aprendizaje-servicio y el juego educativo como herramienta didáctica, conectan los aprendizajes motores con otras áreas de conocimiento, y desarrollan competencias transversales como la iniciativa, la creatividad o el trabajo en equipo, contribuyendo a una formación holística e inclusiva. Método y Evaluación: El micro proyecto quedó dividido en 3 fases: logística y de planificación, de organización y de desarrollo e implementación. Para su valoración se llevó a cabo una autoevaluación (profesorado organizador) y una heteroevaluación (alumnado universitario voluntario). Muestreo: no probabilístico por conveniencia. Instrumento: cuestionario diseñado “ad hoc”, con 3 dimensiones y 10 categorías y un apartado de datos personales. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos fueron muy positivos, con puntuaciones entre un nivel alto (4) y muy alto (5). Conclusiones: Este micro proyecto demuestra el valor de implementar programas de E. M. integrados en el currículo de E. I. y E. P., mediante el aprendizaje-servicio y el juego educativo, aprovechando recursos culturales locales como los juegos tradicionales y vertebrando una estrategia en la práctica equitativa e inclusiva.
Economic transformation as a component of societal transformation: an integrative vision
Authors: Martynov Arkady
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of assessing the impact of economic transformation on the development of society. Particular attention is paid to the well-received drivers of economic change in the current decade – widespread digitalization and the gradual establishment of a “green”, carbon-free economy. The interpretation of sustainable societal transformation as a universal systemic process is substantiated. According to the argumentation presented, it is reasonable to assess the results of the transformation of the national economy based on indicators of the degree of its approach to a sustainable trajectory. The final part of the article reveals the role of economic transformation as a driver of future general social progress, which becomes achievable provided that the optimistic consolidated scenario of global development is fulfilled.
The education sphere of post-soviet russia in the mirror of the labour market requirements and the needs of the population
Authors: Soboleva Irina
Published: November 2024

Within the theoretical framework of social and individual needs satisfied in the sphere of education, the paper traces the main stages of educational reforms in the post-Soviet Russia, analyzes the consequences of the reforms for social development and for the labor market. It is shown that during the period of socio-economic transformations and adaptation to market realities, underestimation of specific features of educational process undermined its key functions and led to the formation of degradation mechanisms. The underlying factors exacerbating professional-educational mismatch and weakening mechanisms of social equalization are revealed. Taking into account the specifics of the sphere of education, alternative approaches to its financing are discussed.
The impact of tax deduction on inequality in Russia
Authors: Blagolev Evgeny
Published: November 2024

The article examines the impact of tax deductions for education and healthcare on income inequality in Russia. The objective of the study is to quantify the redistributive effects of this fiscal measure. Additionally, the paper assesses the potential effects of proposed reforms to tax deductions, with a particular focus on changes proposed in the President’s Address to the Federal Assembly in February 2023 and implemented in 2024. The study uses data from the Federal Tax Service and the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring survey of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE), in conjunction with the microsimulation model RUSMOD, which enables the estimation of the short-term redistributive effects of changes in taxes and transfers. The study demonstrated that the current tax deductions for education and health care have a marginal impact on income inequality. Conversely, if tax deductions are reformed in a manner that increases their limits and take-up, this may result in an increase in income inequality.
Digitalization and management of global investment processes
Authors: Shatokhin Mikhail , Dadalko Vassiliy , Sidorenko Sergey
Published: November 2024

The article substantiates that the appearance of digital technologies has made portfolio investments the main tool for increasing the national wealth of the world’s leading economies. The authors pay special attention to the place and role of Russia in modern global investment processes.
Cohesin-dependent loop extrusion: molecular mechanics and role in cell physiology
Authors: Golov A. K. , Gavrilov A. A.
Published: November 2024

The most prominent representatives of multisubunit SMC-complexes, cohesin and condensin, are best known as structural components of mitotic chromosomes. It turned out that these complexes, as well as their bacterial homologues, are molecular motors, the ATP-dependent movement of these complexes along DNA threads leads to the formation of DNA loops. In recent years, we have witnessed an avalanche-like accumulation of data on the process of SMC-dependent DNA looping, also known as loop extrusion. This review briefly summarizes the current understanding of the place and role of cohesin-dependent extrusion in cell physiology and presents a number of models describing the potential molecular mechanism of extrusion in a most compelling way. We conclude the review with a discussion of how the capacity of cohesin to extrude DNA loops may be mechanistically linked to its involvement in sister chromatid cohesion.
Studying the structure and function of nucleosomes by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Ukraintsev A. A. , Kutuzov M. M. , Lavrik O. I.
Published: November 2024

Chromatin is an epigenetic platform for the implementation of DNA-dependent processes. The nucleosome, as the basic level of chromatin compaction, largely determines its properties and structure. When studying the structure and functions of nucleosomes, physicochemical tools are actively used, such as magnetic and optical “tweezers,” “DNA curtains,” nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction analysis and cryoelectron microscopy, as well as optical methods based on FRET. Despite the fact that these approaches make it possible to determine a wide range of structural and functional characteristics of chromatin and nucleosomes with high spatial and temporal resolution, atomic-force microscopy (AFM) complements the capabilities of these methods. This review presents the results of structural studies of nucleosomes in view of the development of the AFM method. The capabilities of AFM are considered in the context of the use of other physicochemical approaches.
Hippocampus under pressure: molecular mechanisms of cognitive impairment in shr rats
Authors: Stepanichev M. Yu. , Mamedova D. I. , Gulyaeva N. V.
Published: November 2024

In clinical studies and in animal experiments, data have been obtained indicating the association of chronic hypertension with the development of cognitive impairment. The review examines structural and biochemical changes in the hippocampus of SHR rats with genetic hypertension, which are used as a model of essential hypertension, as well as vascular dementia. The dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system, observed in SHR rats at an early age, may, along with the development of hypertension, be a key factor in the damage to the hippocampus at the structural and molecular levels. Global changes at the body level (hypertension, neurohumoral dysfunction) are associated with the development of vascular pathology and destruction of the blood-brain barrier. Changes in multiple biochemical glucocorticoid-dependent processes in the hippocampus (dysfunction of steroid hormone receptors, disorders of neurotransmitter systems, BDNF deficiency, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation) are accompanied by structural changes including cellular processes of neuroinflammation (microgliosis, astrogliosis), disorders of neurogenesis in the subgranular neurogenic niche, neurodegenerative processes at the level of synapses, axons and dendrites up to neuronal cell death. The consequence of this is dysfunction of the hippocampus, a key structure of the limbic system necessary for the realization of cognitive functions. Summarizing of the available results at various levels, from the level of the organism and the structure of the brain (hippocampus) to the molecular one, allows us to confirm the translational validity of SHR rats for modeling the mechanisms of vascular dementia.
Multiple eigenfunction expansion for one dimensional Schrӧdinger equation with piecewise-constant coefficient
Authors: Annaghili Sh
Published: November 2024

In this work, direct scattering problems on the real axis for the onedimensional Schr¨odinger equation with a piecewise constant coefficient is studied.
On the order of approximation of two variable functions by Mellin’s double singular integrals
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan, Musayev A.M.
Published: November 2024

The paper considers the approximation of repeatedly differentiable two variable functions by Mellin’s double singular integrals. The order of approximation of repeatedly differentiable functions by means of Mellin’s double singular integrals is obtained. The proven theorems apply to specific double singular integrals.
Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol, Etil Asetat, Dan n-Heksan Biji Mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia L.) Dengan Metode DPPH
Authors: Nurisyah Nurisyah , Irawati Irawati , Salasa Alfrida Monica , Asyikin Asyhari
Published: November 2024

Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate, and n-Hexane Extracts of Noni Seeds (Morinda Citrifolia L.) Using the DPPH Method
Antioxidants are compounds that can reduce the negative impact of free radicals. Noni seeds (Morinda citrifolia L.) contain these compounds as secondary metabolites. This research is a laboratory observational study to determine and compare the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract, ethyl acetate extract, and n-hexane extract noni seeds (Morinda citrifolia L.) using the 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl method. Then the absorption was measured with a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer at the maximum wavelength (516 nm). The results showed that the IC50 value of the ethanol extract of noni fruit seeds was 507.75 ppm and the IC50 value of the ethyl acetate extract of noni fruit seeds was 43.18 ppm, while the n-hexane extract of noni fruit seeds had inactive antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of noni seeds is in the weak category and the antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate extract is in the very strong category. The extracting solution that produces noni seed extract with the highest antioxidant activity is ethyl acetate solvent.
Antioksidan adalah senyawa yang dibutuhkan untuk mencegah dampak buruk dari  radikal bebas. Biji Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) mengandung senyawa tersebut sebagai metabolit sekundernya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasi laboratorium untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol, ekstrak etil asetat, dan ekstrrak n-heksana, Biji Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) dengan metode 1,1- difenil-2- picrylhydrazyl. Kemudian serapannya diukur dengan  Spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang maksimum (516 nm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai IC50 ekstrak etanol Biji Mengkudu adalah 507,75 ppm dan nilai IC50 ekstrak etil asetat Biji Mengkudu adalah 43,18 ppm sedangkan ekstrak n-heksana Biji Mengkudu memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tidak aktif. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol Biji Mengkudu  termasuk dalam kategori lemah dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etil asetatnya termasuk kategori sangat kuat. Larutan pengekstrak yang menghasilkan ekstrak Biji Mengkudu dengan aktivitas antioksidan paling tinggi adalah pelarut etil asetat.
Amyloidosis of the Seminal Vesicles: An Incidental Finding
Authors: Merad Zakaria , Belkralladi Houria , Matmour Derouicha , Belmokhtar Zoubir , Derrar Hichem , Merad Yassine
Published: November 2024

Seminal vesicle amyloidosis is a rare condition. We report a case of a 65-year-old man who underwent radical prostatectomy for grade 3 prostatic adenocarcinoma with a Gleason score of 7 (3+4). Histological analysis of the seminal vesicles revealed amyloidosis, confirmed by Congo Red staining. While the discovery of seminal vesicle amyloidosis raises the possibility of systemic amyloidosis, in this case, the amyloidosis appeared to be localized to the seminal vesicles.
Música, representación y conflicto en América Latina. Version PDF
Authors: Marín-López Javier , Ramos-Kittrell, Jesús
Published: November 2024

América Latina cuenta con una historia densamente conflictiva en sus procesos de representación cultural, como consecuencia de las sucesivas colonizaciones, los movimientos independentistas del siglo XIX, la articulación de identidades nacionales en relación con teorías de dependencia económica y los impactos sociales de la globalización y el neoliberalismo en las estructuras estatales. Este conjunto de ensayos explora el papel de la música como un medio de resistencia, expresión y reflexión en contextos conflictivos en diferentes momentos de la historia latinoamericana.
Meningkatkan Media Pancingan Huruf Untuk Meningkatkan Pengenalan Huruf Konsonan Pada Anak Tunagrahita Ringan
Authors: Firnianti Putri Dinda , Setia Budi  , Iswari Mega , Zulmiyetri Zulmiyetri , Arnez Gaby
Published: November 2024

Abstrak: Penelitian dilatarbelakangi dari permasalahan yang ditemukan di kelas IV SLB Negeri 2 Pariaman yang masih belum mampu mengenal huruf konsonan D, F, G, H. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mengenal huruf konsonan D, F, G, H melalui media pancingan huruf. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian eksperimen berbentuk Single Subject Research (SSR). Desain Penelitian yang digunakan adalah Desain A-B. Desain A-B terdiri dari 2 Kondisi yaitu Baseline (A1) dan B (Intervensi). Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan dalam 12 kali pertemuan, yaitu pada kondisi Baseline (A1) dengan presentase 25%,25%,25%,25%. Pada Kondisi Intervensi (B) dengan presentase 50%,50%,59%,67%,75%,84%,84%,84%. Berdasarkan hasil presentase penelitian tersebut dan analisis data baik dalam kondisi dan antar kondisi Media Pancingan Huruf dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mengenal huruf konsonan D, F, G, H bagi anak tunagrahita kelas IV SLB Negeri 2 Pariaman.
Kata-kata Kunci:  Tunagrahita, Media Pancingan Huruf. Huruf Konsonan
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Membuat Sabun Cuci Piring melalui Model Project Based Learning pada Siswa Tunagrahita Ringan
Authors: Erlina Resti , Budi Setia , Damri  , Ardisal
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan membuat sabun cuci piring melalui model Project Based Learning. Penelitian tindakan kelas akan berlangsung selama dua siklus yang terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Proses mengumpulkan data dilakukan dengan memakai teknik observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan setelah pemberian tindakan pada siklus I dan siklus II. Siswa yang berinisial KA dengan nilai kemampuan awal 42,19%, kemudian meningkat pada siklus I dengan nilai 66,07% dan siklus II dengan nilai 89,28%. Sedangkan pada siswa yang berinisial NA nilai kemampuan awal 46,87%, kemudian pada siklus I meningkat dengan nilai 71,42% dan siklus II dengan nilai 94,64%. Maka, kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah model Project Based Learning dapat meningkatkan keterampilan membuat sabun cuci piring pada siswa tunagrahita ringan.
The Effect of a Pelvic Clock Tool Exercise on Central Muscle Endurance, Trunk Range of Motion, and Pain Intensity in Middle-aged Women With Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors:   Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Sepiddar Forough , Barati Amir Hosein ,   Department of Corrective Exercises and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Educational and Sport Sciences, Shahid Behshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims Despite the advancement of medicine in managing spinal diseases and the increasing development of treatment methods, back pain has remained one of the significant public health problems in industrial and non-industrial countries. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of a course of exercise with a pelvic clock device on the endurance of central body muscles, torso range of motion, and pain intensity in middle-aged women with nonspecific chronic low back pain. Methods The present study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of middle-aged women with nonspecific chronic low back pain in the age range of 35-50. The statistical sample of the study included 30 middle-aged women who were purposefully and accessibly selected from the study›s statistical population based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The exercise protocol was performed with a pelvic clock device for 8 weeks (3 sessions of 45 minutes per week) by a researcher in a sports club. Central body muscle endurance indices were measured using the McGill test (trunk flexural endurance test for abdominal muscle endurance) and modified Bearing Sorenson test. Also, the trunk range of motion and pain intensity were assessed using Schubert's modified test and visual analog scale. The measurement was made while the control group participated only in the pre-test and post-test stages. The paired t-test and independent t-test were used for intra-group and inter-group comparisons, respectively, at a significance level of 0.05. Results The results showed that 8 weeks of exercises with a pelvic clock device could affect the endurance of the muscles of the central body, the range of motion of the trunk, and the severity of pain in middle-aged women with nonspecific chronic low back pain. However, it did not affect the control group (P≤0.05). Conclusion According to the present study findings, it is suggested that exercises with pelvic clock device are used as a cheap and practical modality to increase endurance of central body muscles and torso range of motion but reduce pain in middle-aged women with nonspecific chronic low back pain. It could also be used as a method of prevention.
Critical analysis of international law failures in the Russian invasion of Ukraine: implications for global security
Authors: Патель А. , Тіварі Р.
Published: November 2024

This paper offers a critical analysis of the structural deficiencies in international law that Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine revealed in 2022. The study reveals a significant failure of international legal mechanisms, in particular the United Nations, to effectively deter Russian aggression and prevent the escalation of violence. Despite numerous legal actions and international responses – including resolutions by the United Nations General Assembly, proceedings at the International Court of Justice and investigations by the International Criminal Court – these measures have failed to alter Russia’s conduct or prevent further deterioration of the situation in Ukraine.
The study employs a normative juridical approach, analyzing the legality of Russia’s actions considering established international norms and principles. Through this methodology, the research uncovers how Russia’s justifications for its military intervention – based on self-defense, collective self-defense, and allegations of genocide – are legally flawed and inconsistent with international law. Moreover, the research reveals the broader implications of these violations, including the potential erosion of global legal norms and the setting of dangerous precedents that could undermine international peace and security.
The findings of this research highlight the urgent need for reform within the international legal framework to address these deficiencies. The paper concludes by proposing specific reforms, such as expanding the abstention obligation in the United Nations Security Council and clarifying the legal basis for humanitarian intervention, to strengthen the enforcement of international law and better protect state sovereignty. These insights contribute to the ongoing discourse on the role of international law in conflict resolution and the maintenance of global security.
Formation and development of the Acquis Communautaire in France, Germany and Switzerland: A comparative legal analysis
Authors: Расторгуєва Н. О.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the comparative legal analysis of the formation and development of the acquis communautaire in France, Germany and Switzerland with a view to identifying similarities and differences in the formation and development of the acquis communautaire in countries with different legal status in the European Union. The analysis was carried out using comparative legal, formal legal, dialectical, historical and legal, hermeneutical and other methods, as well as the principles of determinism, pluralism of opinions and complexity of knowledge. On the basis of and through the disclosure of the concept of “acquis communautaire”, the diversity of its understanding within different approaches and the nature of this phenomenon, as well as the study of the formation of the acquis communautaire specifics, it is established that this process took place in the course of formation of the European Communities in the 1950s with the participation of France and Germany on the basis of a combination of liberal market and general social values, and its development took place during the elaboration of the foundations of the mechanism for adoption of a common European policy.
It is found that the patterns of formation and development of the acquis communautaire in France, Germany and Switzerland are overcoming contradictions and searching for compromises between France and Germany in all areas of common European policy and the need to coordinate their position with other members of the European Union.
Furthermore, the similarity of these processes in France and Germany is rooted in their participation in the creation and development of the European Communities, in the formation of the acquis and its identical legal sources, and the difference lies in the motives and objectives of these States, their positions in certain areas of common European policy and procedural activities related to the implementation of the acquis into national legislation.
At the same time, the article reveals that the specifics of formation and development of the European Union acquis in Switzerland are determined by its status as an associated country in the Union, which provides for the possibility of implementing the relevant acquis with certain exceptions on the basis of sectoral agreements between it and the European Union. The difference in the formation and development of the acquis between France and Germany, as well as Switzerland, is manifested in the mechanism and consequences of the implementation of the new acquis: Switzerland participates in the development process, but not in decision-making.
Finally, it is noted that the common feature of the development of the EU acquis for all these countries is a combination of market-liberal and general social values and the introduction of a socially oriented market economy model.
Implementation of the burden of proof in criminal proceedings by the victim and their representative
Authors: Iemets I. O.
Published: November 2024

The article analyses the provisions of criminal procedure legislation with a view to defining the role of the victim and their representative (attorney-at-law) in proving the circumstances specified in Article 91 and Part 2 of Article 92 of the CPC of Ukraine. It is argued that the legislator, when defining the information which constitutes the victim's burden of proof, used the wording which does not give an unambiguous understanding of the totality of the circumstances which the victim and his/her legal representative are obliged to prove.
Based on the results of the textual analysis of the provisions of current legislation, and on the basis of the generalisation of court practice, it is proposed that the circumstances which should be proved by the victim (his/her representative) include the following: the amount of procedural costs incurred by the victim; circumstances characterising the personality of the accused, as indicated by the injured party; arguments and evidence confirming the circumstances set out in the petitions and complaints filed by the injured party; circumstances related to non-pecuniary damage caused to the victim; circumstances underlying the claims set out in a civil action.
It is established that a representative engaged by the victim plays a significant role in collecting evidence which forms the basis of the claims set out in a civil action. This includes, in particular, requesting copies of documents certifying the costs incurred by the victim and obtaining an expert opinion based on the results of a psychological examination.
It is determined that in order to clarify such circumstances, the victim’s representative may resort to a number of measures, including: 1) submission of lawyer’s requests; 2) conducting surveys of citizens; 3) obtaining an expert opinion on a contractual basis; 4) obtaining temporary access to things and documents on the basis of a decision of the investigating judge; 5) initiating procedural actions in the form of investigative (search) and covert investigative (search) actions, etc.
Legal basis for providing legal aid to a detained person in the context of international standards and practice of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Kolomoitsev M. М.
Published: November 2024

Based on the analysis of theoretical approaches to the essence of the institute of detention of a person, the article substantiates the position that detention is a procedural action which has a temporary restrictive nature of the rights of a person who was detained during the commission or attempted commission of a criminal offence, immediately after the commission of a criminal offence or during the continuous prosecution of a person suspected of a criminal offence, and which aims to ensure further pre-trial investigation, clarification of the circumstances of the event which occurred.
Based on the generalisation of the provisions of international legal acts and taking into account the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the author defines the standards for providing legal aid to a person detained on suspicion of committing a criminal offence. It is established that the special international standards, compliance with which is crucial for ensuring the rights of a detainee and which also guarantee the effectiveness of legal aid received by a detainee, include 1) the principle of confidentiality in the course of communication between a detainee and a defence lawyer; 2) the principle of verification of the legality of detention without delay; 3) the principle of appealing against the failure to ensure the rights of a detainee or their violation; 4) the principle of independent and free choice of one's legal position.
The following are proposed to be the sectoral international standards, compliance with which is crucial for ensuring the rights of a detainee, and which also guarantee the effectiveness of legal aid received by a detainee 1) the principle of confidentiality in the course of a detainee’s communication with a defence lawyer; 2) the principle of verification of the legality of detention without delay; 3) the principle of appealing against the failure to ensure the detainee’s rights or their violation; 4) the principle of independent and free choice of one’s legal position. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the prospects for further research should be to determine the legal mechanisms for implementing the outlined standards into the national practice of law enforcement and judicial authorities.
International experience of using expert opinions in criminal proceedings
Authors: Makarova O. P.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the important issue of international standards integration into the national system of forensic examination. The influence of international legal norms on the regulation of expert activity in Ukraine is analysed and the prospects for the development of this area are outlined. Particular attention is paid to the importance of forensic examination in legal proceedings, and the key role of experts in establishing objective truth and ensuring justice through their specialised knowledge is emphasised. Foreign experience in the field of forensic examination is considered, taking into account the use of specialised knowledge and methods of conducting examinations in other countries.
It is indicated that in the context of crime globalisation, forensic examination in Ukraine should meet the highest international standards. To achieve this, it is necessary not only to update the legislative framework, but also to expand the capabilities of experts, introduce modern research methods and ensure close cooperation with international expert institutions. This will improve the quality of investigations and the effectiveness of the fight against crime. International cooperation in the field of forensic science, regulated by Section 4 of the Law of Ukraine “On Forensic Science”, is a key tool for ensuring effective judicial proceedings. It allows for the involvement of highly qualified specialists from different countries in the investigation of complex criminal cases and the use of modern research methods, which contributes to the establishment of objective truth.
To ensure the high quality of forensic examinations and their international recognition, it is necessary to unify approaches and standards. International cooperation in this area facilitates the exchange of experience, the introduction of the latest techniques and the creation of common databases, which increases the reliability of expert opinions and their recognition around the world.
Peculiarities of clay soils research in the course of forensic soil examination
Authors: Shevchenko V. M.
Published: November 2024

Methods of clay soils research that take into account the specifics of expert study of soil objects are defined. In order to classify a soil as clay, the mechanical composition is first examined. According to this indicator, clay soils are divided into loam, light clay, and heavy clay. Clay is classified as a mineral resource of national importance, while loam is classified as a mineral resource of local importance. These soils may be subject to illegal mining. The article analyses the possibilities of applying various methods for the expert study of clay soils, namely, the method of sedimentation analysis and the ‘field’ method. After establishing the mechanical composition and classification of samples as clay soils, it is recommended to determine the plasticity index, according to which the soils are classified as loams or clays. The analysis is described in accordance with the State Standard of Ukraine Б B.2.1-17:2009 “Bases and foundations of buildings and structures. Soils. Methods of laboratory determination of physical properties”.
It is shown that in the course of forensic soil examination, the use of the “field” method in combination with the determination of the plasticity number allows soil samples to be classified as clay soils without the need for a long sedimentation analysis.
The proposals presented in this article may be useful for selecting effective expert methods for the study of clay soils during the forensic examination of materials, substances and products in the expert speciality 8.8 “Soil Research”.
Psychological rehabilitation of law enforcement officers after the use of firearms
Authors: Markov O. V. , Tenenov Ye. P. , Butryk S. M. , Kozynets A. М.
Published: November 2024

Alongside the global evolution in societal relations, characterized by the advancement of democratization and the humanization of the social environment, the protection of citizens’ rights and freedoms has become paramount. In this context, the psychological well-being of law enforcement officers stands out as a critical concern, shaped by a multitude of factors. The intensity of this issue is magnified in countries experiencing military conflict, as the psychological burden on Ukrainian law enforcement personnel has escalated dramatically due to ongoing warfare.
One of the most pressing concerns in this context is the use of lethal firearms. The professional duties of law enforcement officers are inherently stressful, exposing them to situations that can induce severe psycho-emotional disorders. The high-risk environment in which they operate, coupled with complex moral and ethical dilemmas and strenuous physical demands, highlights the urgent need for comprehensive psychological rehabilitation.
Moreover, the challenges faced by law enforcement officers are not limited to the immediate dangers of their work. They also endure the long-term effects of repeated exposure to traumatic events, which can lead to conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression. The societal expectations placed upon them, particularly in times of crisis, further exacerbate the psychological strain, as they are often required to make split-second decisions that can have life-altering consequences.
In addition to addressing these immediate psychological needs, there is a growing recognition of the importance of preventive measures. This includes providing officers with ongoing mental health support, training in stress management techniques, and fostering a work environment that prioritizes psychological resilience.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE INVESTMENT PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROCESS OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Makedon Viacheslav , Kovnir Oleg ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
Published: November 2024

The article explored the main aspects of the digital transformation of the enterprise’s investment project management process, taking into account the impact of modern digital technologies on the effectiveness of project implementation. Digital tools such as ERP systems, project management platforms and cloud-based services have been identified as significantly changing traditional project management approaches, providing transparency, increased efficiency and management flexibility. The benefits of implementing digital technologies have been assessed, including automating routine processes, increasing planning accuracy, reducing costs and improving decision-making. In particular, project management systems based on artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics make it possible to optimize the allocation of resources and predict potential risks, which contributes to the effective execution of projects. In addition, the use of cloud services ensures the availability of data in real time and allows teams to work remotely, which is important in the context of globalization. An analysis of the challenges faced by enterprises during the implementation of digital technologies was formed. Particular attention was paid to cyber security issues and the need to develop risk management strategies to protect confidential information. Recommendations were developed for the selection of optimal digital tools, taking into account the specifics of the project, ease of use, the possibility of integration with other systems and data security. The need for a comprehensive approach to digital transformation, which includes adaptation of business processes, training of personnel and constant monitoring of results to achieve the strategic goals of the enterprise in a dynamic market environment, is emphasized. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the comprehensive analysis of the impact of digital transformation on the process of managing investment projects of the enterprise and the development of new approaches to the selection and implementation of digital tools to improve the efficiency of project management.
CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO THE NECESSITY OF ENTERPRISE DIGITIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMEN
Authors:   Polissia National University, Dobrynskyi Andrii
Published: November 2024

This article examines the conceptual approaches to the necessity of digitization for enterprises in the context of sustainable development. The focus is on the analysis of digitization progress in leading Ukrainian agribusinesses, highlighting the integration of digital technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and automation into agricultural operations. A SWOT analysis is conducted, revealing the strengths, advantages, and challenges faced by companies undergoing digital transformation. The study outlines how digitization improves resource management, optimizes production processes, and reduces operational costs. It also discusses how these technologies help minimize environmental impacts and enhance the adaptability of businesses in response to external challenges, such as market fluctuations and climate change. The SWOT analysis further demonstrates the strategic importance of digitization in increasing competitiveness and achieving sustainable development goals. However, several key barriers are identified, including high initial investment costs, the need for skilled personnel, and the complexity of integrating various digital systems. These challenges can slow down the widespread adoption of digital tools, particularly in industries like agriculture, where resource management is critical. Despite these obstacles, the benefits of digitization–such as risk reduction, productivity enhancement, and improved decision-making based on real-time data–are emphasized. The article concludes by pointing to the need for further research into the economic and environmental benefits of digitization. Future studies should explore how digital technologies can optimize resource usage, lower emissions, and increase energy efficiency. The paper also highlights the growing importance of cybersecurity and data protection as businesses become more reliant on digital systems. Developing appropriate policy frameworks will be essential to support the secure and effective integration of digital tools, helping enterprises align with sustainability goals and fostering collaboration with global organizations.