bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kobiety w akademii. Droga do samodzielności naukowej polskich historyczek w XX stuleciu
Authors: Kolbuszewska Jolanta
Published: March 2022

W tekście zarysowana została droga jaką musiały przebyć kobiety historyczki, aby uzyskać samodzielność naukową. Punktem wyjścia były pierwsze habilitacje w zakresie historii uzyskane przez kobiety w II RP. Następnie autorka rozważa akademicki awans kobiet w Polsce Ludowej. Stawia pytanie, czy kobiece habilitacje, a następnie profesury, stały się po wojnie zjawiskiem powszechnym? Czy łatwiej było wówczas kobietom awansować i skruszyć bastion, w którym od dziesięcioleci dominowali mężczyźni? W tekście zestawiona została liczba historyczek, które w latach 1945–89 osiągnęły najwyższe stopnie naukowe, kierowały katedrami / zakładami, pełniły funkcje dyrektorów instytutów, prodziekanów i dziekanów. Porównano pod tym względem cztery powstałe tuż po wojnie uniwersytety; UMCS, Uniwersytet im. Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Uniwersytet Łódzki i Uniwersytet we Wrocławiu. Postawiono również pytanie o to, co ułatwiało a co utrudniało konkretnym uczonym awans w strukturach nauki.
Helena Rubinstein i Elizabeth Arden – niepokorne i konwencjonalne równocześnie. Powstanie wielkich imperiów kosmetycznych a role płciowe
Authors: Szmigiero Katarzyna
Published: March 2022

Mimo iż od wieków kobiety „poprawiały” swoją urodę, jawnie czyniły to jedynie kurtyzany i aktorki. Aż do końca XIX wszystkie jednak używały preparatów domowej produkcji. Nikt zatem nie przypuszczał, że na produkcji kremów i toników, nie mówiąc już o pomadkach czy rożach, można zbić fortunę. Pierwsze firmy kosmetyczne, założone i prowadzone przez mężczyzn, nastawione były wyłącznie na zaopatrywanie aktorów i aktorek teatralnych i filmowych. Gdy dwie ubogie i niewykształcone emigrantki, polska Żydówka Helena Rubinstein w Australii i kanadyjka Elizabeth Arden w USA, zakładały swoje firmy, nikt nie wróżył im sukcesu. Pomimo niesprzyjającym makijażowi konotacjom, obydwie wprowadziły do swojej oferty kosmetyki kolorowe. Chociaż były rywalkami, wiele je łączyło: obydwie zbudowały światowe imperia od podstaw, były mistrzyniami reklamy i tytankami pracy. Uważały, że aktywność intelektualna i zainteresowania są nieodłącznymi atrybutami kobiecości. Obie ukrywały swoje plebejskie pochodzenie i marzyły o wielkiej miłości, by być zwodzone i wykorzystywane przez mężów. Były z jednej strony kobietami nowoczesnymi o wielkich aspiracjach, z drugiej strony zbudowały swe fortuny sprzedając złudne marzenia o pięknie innym kobietom. Chociaż same wyłamały się z sztywnych wzorców płciowych, które panowały w ich czasach, nie powstrzymało je to przed wtłaczaniem innych kobiet w sztuczne kanony piękna. Współczesne kobiety mogą je kochać lub nienawidzić, jednak nie mogą zignorować ich dziedzictwa.
Maria Franciszka Kozłowska: święta, lecz wyklęta. O kobiecie, która wyprzedziła swoje czasy
Authors: Jemielita Artur
Published: March 2022

W artykule zaprezentowano sylwetkę polskiej zakonnicy Marii Franciszki Kozłowskiej (1862–1921). Kozłowska początkowo członkini zgromadzeń rzymskokatolickich, z czasem na fali swoich objawień (1893 rok), stała się organizatorką niezależnego Kościoła mariawitów. Jej powszechnie znana działalność stała się przedmiotem sporów i głośnej debaty publicznej w pierwszych dwóch dekadach XX wieku. Dla jednych była wzorem cnót oraz prorokinią, dla innych niezrównoważoną manipulatorką. Autor w sposób obiektywny prezentuje najpierw sylwetkę Kozłowskiej, w dalszej części opisuje dzieje założonego przez nią ruchu mariawickiego, a w podsumowaniu wskazuje na oryginalność proponowanych przez zakonnicę reform dla Kościoła katolickiego. Celem autora jest ukazanie sprzeczności, jakie może łączyć w sobie jedna osoba: bycie świętym i wyklętym, posiadanie tradycyjnych poglądów, przy jednoczesnym głoszeniu śmiałych reform, istnienie w pamięci historycznej jednych i kompletnej ignorancji u innych.
Influence of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at Various Growing Years on the Physico-chemical Properties and Microbiology of Irrigated Desert Soils
Authors: Jiang Lili , Shan Huajia , Xu Wei , Zhang Wenxu
Published: March 2022

Background: The arid area of northwest China is the main producing area of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) characterized by low rainfall, low vegetation coverage and vulnerable ecosystem. However, there are still very few reports about the influence of alfalfa at various growing years on the physico-chemical properties and microbial community structure in typical northwestern irrigated desert soil. This study has important theoretical and practical guiding significance for providing reference and scientific evidence for local alfalfa industry development and protection of soil ecosystem to maintain efficient alfalfa production. Methods: The rhizosphere soils of “Sanditi” alfalfa and Longdong” alfalfa were collected to assess the influence of alfalfa varieties, growing years and growth stages on the physico-chemical properties, microbial biomass and microbial community structure. There were four treatments in this experiment: 1. “Sanditi” alfalfa planted in 2015 (S1); 2. “Sanditi” alfalfa planted in 2016 (S2); 3. “Sanditi” alfalfa planted in 2017 (S3); 4. “Longdong” alfalfa planted in 2017 (LD). Result: Soil of all treatments had consistent pH at 8.11-8.45. The average soil organic matter content was 11.02 g. kg-1, 11.43 g. kg-1, 11.26 g. kg-1 and 11.20 g. kg-1 respectively for LD, S1, S2 and S3 (P greater than 0.05). The total nitrogen content was 0.451 g. kg-1, 0.468 g. kg-1, 0.437 g. kg-1 and 0.428 g. kg-1, respectively for growing seasons of LD, S1, S2 and S3 (P greater than 0.05). The results suggested that alfalfa cropping did not significantly influence the soil organic matter content in 3 years. S1 significantly changed the ratio of fungal to bacterial typical fatty acids, which was significantly higher than S3 and LD, but insignificantly higher than S2. Continuous cropping of alfalfa in arid area affected the diversity of the fungi community and reduced soil bacterial community richness and diversity.
Vaccinating plants
Authors: Komives Tamas
Published: March 2022

Plant immune systems rely on their ability to recognize enemy molecules, carry out signal transduction, and respond defensively through pathways involving many genes and their products. This Perspective paper aims to explore current views on the vaccination (immunization) of plants against diseases caused by microorganisms and their (macro)molecular components, paying special attention to practical applications. We conclude that the technique of vaccination to control plant disease needs to be further investigated, developed, and considered for wider implementation in plant protection practice.
The Cultural Message of Da’wah on The Jingkrak Sundang Dance in Central Java
Authors: Ali Mukti , Wulandari Isma Ayu , Muttaqin Zaenal , Ma’mun Sukron
Published: March 2022

This study aims to discuss the message of da’wah that is contained in the Jinkrak Sundang Dance by using a qualitative descriptive approach and using the technique of semiotic analysis. Semiotics seeks to find the signs with meaning and know the sign systems such as language, movement, music, and pictures. As for the objects of the material to be analyzed is the movement of dance performed by the Jingkrak Sundang Dance artist, located in Magelang. A semiotic analysis on the Jingkrak Sundang Dance is performed on each stage or round: Mlayu, Nebah Bumi, Laku Telu Dadung Ngawuk, Pati, Mendem, and Nawur. Jingkrak Sundang Dance depicts the anger of the animals whose habitat was marred by the man’s hand, who was not responsible. The da’wah messages were found in denotation and connotation that many charged theological and anthropological. Theologically, the da’wah message explains the belief in the power of God as creators and regulators of whole natural life. In contrast, the da’wah message emphasizes the anthropocentric, seen many messages that urge to keep, love, and affection among fellow creatures. This study shows the conveyed to society to preserve nature and survival of all living beings. In addition, human behavior with good acts, help, and practice at once be an example for human beings and caring for the sustainability of the nature of the other.
Can International Migration Restrain the Depopulation of the Far Eastern Federal District?
Authors: Rusanov Alexander , Chudinovskikh Olga
Published: March 2022

When discussing the problems of development in the Far East related to population decline, most often the focus is on the need to reduce the outflow of the local population and to attract migrants from other regions of the country and from abroad. This article attempts to look at the problem from a different angle. The authors have focused on analyzing the indicators of international migration since for many years it has formally remained the only source of population replenishment in the region. On the basis of studying a considerable amount of data characterizing temporary and long-term forms of international migration, the conclusion is made that the true indicators of long-term international migration in the region are significantly lower than those shown by official statistics based on the registration of the population at the place of stay and place of residence. By introducing rarely used statistics on temporary residence permits and residence permits, migration registration, and documents entitling foreigners to work in Russia, the authors show that temporary forms of migration dominate in the Far Eastern Federal District. Official statistics do not reflect the true flow of migrants focused on moving to Russia permanently. The region has a specific migration situation in which international migrants are predominantly represented by persons temporarily staying in Russia for the purpose of work. This should not be seen as a negative phenomenon. On the contrary, it is advisable to change the paradigm of migration processes in the region – from attracting long-term migrants and keeping the permanent population from migrating to developing civilized forms of temporary migration and corresponding types of employment – rotational, expeditionary, etc.
Komi-Permians traditional beverages in the context of modernization of the society
Authors: Goleva T.G.
Published: March 2022

Komi-Permians are the indigenous population of the Perm Kama region. Their traditional drinks include kvass, home brew, beer, moonshine, and herbal teas, made at home from local agricultural products and wild plants. The main purpose of the article is to describe changes in the customs of production and consumption of beverages by the Komi-Permians over the past century and to identify factors that contribute to the maintenance of traditions or the spread of innovations. The study is based on historical and ethnographic methods and the results of research by Russian scientists in the field of exploring the gastronomic culture, traditional cuisine of ethnic groups and the history of their nutrition. Traditional beverages are considered as an element of the food culture of the people and as an ethno-marking feature in the context of household, social and economic develop-ment and intercultural interaction. Publications of the 20th c. and modern data indicate a steady commitment of the people to traditional types of drinks until almost the end of the 20th c. Changes in living conditions led to transfor-mations that began to occur most intensively at the end of the last century. Transformations were primarily asso-ciated with the inclusion of purchased products into the diet and the expansion of the raw materials base; there also was a slight modification of traditional technologies and conditions for the production of beverages. The sus-tainability or change of folk traditions is determined by the availability of resources and tools for making drinks, taste preferences, and socio-economic conditions. The changes affected the system of transmitting of folk reci-pes, and the techniques of practical development of technologies. Presently, special ritual and event practices can be distinguished, in which traditional drinks are still preferred, and the custom of serving folk drinks at official and social events is being developed. Traditional beverages started to play a new role in maintaining the ethnic identity of the Komi-Permians and the representation of folk culture.
Materials from the burials of Sergushkin-3 ground cemetery in the Northern Angara region: on the issue of chronology and geneses of the Tsepan Culture
Authors: German P.V. , Leont’ev S.N.
Published: March 2022

The Sergushkin-3 ground cemetery (Northern Angara region), studied in 1974-2011, included 24 burials of the Bronze Age, Early Iron Age and the Middle Ages. The cultural and chronological attribution of some com-plexes is polemical. The purpose of this article is to introduce into scientific discourse materials from burials 8 and 9, including the results of contextual and comparative study of funeral and commemorative practices of these assemblages, as well as paleo-anthropological data and radiocarbon dates. Burial 8 contains macerated, broken and partly burned bones of a 25–30 year old woman and represents an oval pit oriented along the river. Accord-ing to the grave contents, the remains of the dead woman were burnt in the burial pit. She was accompanied with two sickle type bronze blades, a stone arrowhead and two bone plates. The burnt tree samples provided the ra-diocarbon ages of 3165 ± 130 BP (SPb_147) and 2945 ± 130 BP (SPb_148). Burial 9 contains macerated, partly broken and burnt bones of a young 18–20 year old man and a young 16–20 year old woman in a ground pit ori-ented along the river. The partial cremation of the remains was performed outside. The deceased were accompa-nied with a piercing tool made of moose splint bone, one stone and four bone arrowheads, four horn arrowhead sockets and a hollow horn collar. The burnt tree samples were radiocarbon dated to 2790 ± 100 BP (SPb_381) and 2750 ± 100 BP (SPb_382). The grave goods of both burials are similar to those of the Tsepan Culture of the Early Iron Age (8th–2nd c. BC), while the calibrated calendar interval of their radiocarbon ages is within 15th-10th c. BC. It agrees with the dates of the same “early” Tsepan burial 4 on the Pashina settlement (late 2nd — early 1st mil. BC). The recorded details of funeral rites of these burials are typical for earlier assemblages in the Baikal-Angara re-gion. The sickle type bronze blades and horn sockets are unique for the Bronze Age materials in Angara and Baikal regions, but they impressively resemble the curved knives and bone sockets of the pre-Scythian period from Yakutia and Trans-Baikal region. Based on the above, a suggestion has been made regarding the initial stage of formation of the Tsepan Culture as having been the result of migration processes in the region in the second half of the 2nd mil. BC.
Optimised Design of An Arterial Network Model Reproduces Characteristic Central and Peripheral Hemodynamic Waveform Features in Young Adults
Authors: Kondiboyina Avinash , Harrington Hilary A. , Smolich Joseph J. , Cheung Michael M. H. , Mynard Jonathan P.
Published: March 2022

The arterial network in healthy young adults is thought to be structured to minimise wave reflection in conduit arteries, producing an ascending aortic pressure waveform with three key features: early systolic peak, negative systolic augmentation, and diastolic hump. One-dimensional computer models have provided significant insights into arterial haemodynamics, but no previous models of the young adult have exhibited these three features. Since the latter was likely to be related to unrepresentative or non-optimised impedance properties of the model arterial networks, we developed a new ‘YoungAdult’ model that incorporated 1) a novel and more accurate empirical equation for approximating wave speeds, based on area and relative distance to elastic-muscular arterial transition points, 2) optimally-matched arterial junctions, and 3) an improved arterial network geometry that eliminated ‘within-segment’ taper (which causes wave reflection in conduit arteries) whilst establishing ‘impedance-preserving’ taper. These model properties led to wave reflection occurring predominantly at distal vascular beds, rather than in conduit arteries. The model predicted all three typical characteristics of an ascending aortic pressure waveform observed in young adults. When compared with non-invasively acquired pressure and velocity measurements (obtained via tonometry and Doppler ultrasound in 7 young adults), the model was also shown to reproduce the typical waveform morphology observed in the radial, brachial, carotid, temporal, femoral, and tibial arteries. The YoungAdult model provides support for the concept that the arterial tree impedance in healthy young adults is exquisitely optimised, and it provides an important baseline model for investigating cardiovascular changes in ageing and disease states.
SATCOM, The Future UAV Waiver
Authors: Barua Nick
Published: March 2022

Unmanned Aerial vehicles (UAVs) can transmit critical Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance data right from drones when operators need real-time access to information and find it hard to wait for the return of aircraft. Artificial satellites are applied in offering communication links between different points on earth. Satellite communication can be helpful in telecommunication systems globally. SATCOM is the data and voice service that allows aircraft to communicate using satellite using air traffic control and airline operations centres at high-frequency stations and when covering the conventional ground radar. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Satcom are applied in different aspects of real-life applications like traffic monitoring, play load delivery, surveillance, and seemingly dangerous areas. They can go where one cannot go and experience experiences that were never seen before. UAV Satcom is used when transmitting the ISR, the Intelligence and reconnaissance data right from drones, especially in situations in which the decision-makers need near real-time. All current signs show the exciting and bright future for using unmanned aerial vehicle Satcom technology. The future generations are projected to feature enhanced autonomy and improve safety standards. SATCOM can be the future waiver for UAVs. SATCOM is being used increasingly in surveys in the aftermath of any disaster. This paper examines how SATCOM can be the future waiver for UAVs and also presents the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles SATCOM.
Progressivity and decomposition of VAT in the Mexican border, 2014
Authors: Huesca Reynoso Luis , Robles Valencia Arturo , Araar Abdelkrim
Published: March 2022

We measure the general redistributive effect inthe Mexican fiscal system and its northern border with two decomposition approaches.The novelty of thisapplication lies inthe use of non-parametric techniques andthe fact that we did not assumeany functional relationship amongthe variables in analysis.Our papercontributeswith an assessment ofthenew 2014 fiscal reform according to the Value Added Tax (VAT) and its effects on the households.Atax-benefitsystemwith relativeprogressivitybut high HI effectis found as well as an increase on tax revenuesup to4percentof GDPfrom VAT in the border as well. Our analytical method to decompose the total progressivity measured by the contributions of different tax sourcesfrom VAT, allow us to conclude which sort of products should or should not be taxed with the general rate.
The Asymmetric effects of monetary policy on housing across the level of development
Authors: Medina Guirado Juan Carlos , Reed Robert R.
Published: March 2022

We study the effects of money growth in a neoclassical growth model with wealth effects. As the capital stock is the only component of wealth which contributes to an individual’s utility, the model should be interpreted as a model of housing production and housing wealth since the capital stock affects utility. Consistent with empirical evidence on the relationship between residential investment and GDP across countries, there are significant non-linearities between housing market activity and aggregate income in our framework
Nivel de conocimiento y actitud frente a un traumatismo dentoalveolar de padres de niños de 6 a 10 años del colegio Santa Rita de Casia
Authors:   , Ballesteros De Los Rios Maria Fernanda
Published: March 2022

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el nivel de conocimiento y la actitud frente a un traumatismo dentoalveolar de padres de los niños de 6 a 10 años del colegio Santa Rita de Casia, considerando el alto porcentaje de lesiones dentoalveolares que aun existe en la ciudad, por lo cual fue de gran utilidad para que el colegio este más informado y capacitado para ayudar a los padres de los niños a tener una mejor acción frente al accidente. El tipo de investigación fue cualitativa y el diseño fue descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 159 padres de familia del nivel primaria del Colegio Santa Rita de Casia que cumplan con los criterios de inclusión. Los instrumentos utilizados para identificar el nivel de conocimiento y actitud del Colegio Santa Rita de Casia fueron dos cuestionarios validados estructurados creados en el 2012 por Jhon Albert Perez Cahuaza. Como resultado se obtuvo que el nivel de conocimiento frente a un traumatismo dentoalveolar de padres de niños de 6 a 10 años del Colegio Santa Rita de Casia fue de 43.40% indicando conocimiento regular y la actitud indico ser adecuada con un 72,33%, de la misma manera se concluye que existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables conocimiento y actitud frente a las variables edad y grado de instrucción.
SOSIALISASI BAHAYA NIKAH DINI SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN KUALITAS KELUARGA DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KECAMATAN KARANGREJO, TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Maratus Nuril Farida
Published: March 2022

Perkawinan di usia dini yang sering kita jumpai merupakan praktik yang bertentangan dengan semangat konstitusi, sekaligus akan berdampak pada menurunnya kualitas keluarga, khususnya dari sisi reproduksi dan psikologi. Artikel ini fokus mendiskusikan tentang bagaimana seharusnya peran akademisi untuk melakukan Dharma-nya, khususnya dalam upaya peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat untuk menghindari praktik perkawinan anak, karena efek buruk yang akan ditimbulkannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi wawancara dengan informan sebagai data primer, sedangkan data skunder didasarkan pada studi literatur yang berkembang. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dengan adanya kegiatan sosialisasi bahaya nikah dini tersebut, masyarakat merasakan dampak positif yaitu semakin antisipatif dalam melakukan keputusan, khususnya ketika sedang intervensi kepada anaknya berkaitan dengan keputusan menikah.
What to Target in Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Gambling Disorder - A Qualitative Study of Clinically Relevant Behaviors
Authors: Molander Olof , Ramnerö Jonas , Bjureberg Johan , Berman Anne H
Published: March 2022

BackgroundFrom a clinical perspective, knowledge of the psychological processes involved in maintaining gambling disorder has been lacking. This qualitative study formulated hypotheses on how gambling disorder is maintained by identifying clinically relevant behaviors at an individual level, as a means to guide the development of new cognitive behavioral interventions.MethodsSix individuals from a treatment study, diagnosed with gambling disorder and with diverse symptom profiles of psychiatric comorbidity, were recruited. Participants were interviewed using an in-depth semi-structured functional interview and completed self-report measures assessing gambling behavior. ResultsFunctional analysis was used as a theoretical framework for a thematic analysis, which yielded the following categories: 1) antecedents that may increase or decrease gambling; 2) experiences accompanying gambling; 3) control strategies; 4) consequences of gambling behavior; and 5) events terminating gambling behavior. Few differences were identified in relation to symptom profiles of psychiatric comorbidity, although some gamblers did not report experiencing abstinence when not being able to gamble.ConclusionsGambling is a secluded activity mainly triggered by access to money. Positive and negative emotions could be both antecedents and functions of gambling behavior. Avoidance-based strategies used to control gambling might result in a failure to learn to control gambling behavior. Anticipation, selective attention, and chasing could be important reinforcers, which should be addressed in new developments in cognitive behavioral treatment for gambling disorder.
Novel Hybrid Models by Coupling Support Vector Regression (SVR) With Meta-heuristic Algorithms (WOA and GWO) for Urban Flood Risk Mapping
Authors: Rezaie Fatemeh , Panahi Mahdi , Bateni Sayed M. , Jun Changhyun , Neale Christopher , Lee Saro
Published: March 2022

Schools as social bases and children’s centers are among the most vulnerable areas to flooding. Flood risk mapping (FRM) is very important for flood preparedness and adopting preventive plans for reducing the school vulnerability to flooding. To achieve this, there is a need for the models that can be used in vast areas with high predictive accuracy. This study aims to develop the innovative hybrid models by coupling the support vector regression (SVR), statistical approaches, and two meta-heuristic algorithms, whale optimization algorithms (WOA) as well as grey wolf optimizer (GWO). According to the proposed methodology, a hybrid feature of SVR and frequency ratio (FR-SVR) is optimized by applying the GWO and WOA optimization algorithms to generate the maps related to flood susceptibility (FSMs). The method was utilized for the Ardabil Province located in southwestern Caspian Sea precincts of which faced devastating floods. The GIS database including 147 ground control locations of flooded zones and nine factors which influence flood were utilized to learn and ascertain the validity of the models. The statistical measures of RMSE, MAE, AUC, and ROC curve were then applied for the developed models in order to estimate prophetically. The results indicated that the meta-optimized FR-SVR-GWO as well as FR-SVR-WOA models exceeded the FR-SVR and FR models in training (RMSEFR-SVR-WOA = 0.2016, RMSEFR-SVR-GWO = 0.1885, AUCFR-SVR-WOA = 0.87, AUCFR-SVR-GWO = 0.88) and validation (RMSEFR-SVR-WOA = 0.2025, RMSEFR-SVR-GWO = 0.1986, AUCFR-SVR-WOA = 0.87, AUCFR-SVR-GWO = 0.87) phases. The FR-SVR-WOA and FR-SVR-GWO models were very competitive regarding AUC and RMSE values, but the FR-SVR-WOA model reproduced greater flood susceptibility rates and was considered for school flood risk mapping (SFRM).
Depletion of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the gut microbiota of children diagnosed with cancer
Authors: de Muinck Eric J. , Trosvik Pål , Nguyen Nga , Fashing Peter J. , Stigum Vetle M. , Robinson Nina , Hermansen Johanne U. , Munthe-Kaas Monica C. , Baumbusch Lars O.
Published: March 2022

Background: A beneficial composition of the microbiome is essential for maintaining human health and to protect the body against pathogens. The identification of microbes with oncogenic potential suggests a possible link between changes in the gastrointestinal microbiome composition and the onset of cancer. Childhood cancer is still the predominant cause of death among children over a year in Western countries. However, a profound understanding of the changes in the composition of the microbiome in the onset or progression of childhood cancer is still lacking. Methods: We characterized the gut microbiota in a cohort of Norwegian children diagnosed with cancer using fecal samples before the onset of treatment. Samples were collected in the Norwegian Childhood Cancer Biobank (NCCB) and compared to a control group of children attending two diverse kindergartens in Oslo, Norway. The data of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were analyzed by non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMMS) of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) relative abundance data. Results: Our results revealed 11 prevalent 16S rRNA gene sequence variants with significantly differential occurrence between the patient and the control groups. Eight of these taxa were depleted in children diagnosed with cancer, with three of these eight classified as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Conclusions: Our observations indicate that the gut microbiota may play an important role in understanding the physiological changes associated with childhood cancer. However, further studies are required to validate if variations in the microbial community could be used as an early indicator of the presence of cancer in the future.
Comparison of high-intensive and low-intensive electromechanical-assisted gait training in stroke patients
Authors: Yu Chang Seon , Nam Yeon Gyo , Kwon Bum Sun
Published: March 2022

Background: This study was conducted to assess the effect of electromechanical-assisted gait training intensity on walking ability in stroke patients.Methods: The data of two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) under the same study design of evaluation and intervention except intervention time per session were recruited. After matching the inclusion criteria of two RCTs, the experimental groups of each RCT were defined as low-intensive (LI) and high-intensive (HI) group according to the intervention time per session. Primary outcome was the difference of the change in Functional Ambulatory Categories (FAC) between LI and HI gait training. Secondary outcomes were the difference of changes in mobility, walking speed, walking capacity, leg-muscle strength, daily activity, and balance.Results: The FAC improved after gait training in both groups, but, the changes of FAC were not different between LI and HI groups. The mobility function in LI group improved significantly more than that in HI group. The leg-muscle strength and balance showed the greater improvement in LI group than those in HI group, but did not show statistical significance.Conclusions: The improvement of walking ability after LI or HI gait training was not different if providing the same total gait training time. By providing the electromechanical gait training intensively, we could shorten the gait training period to improve walking ability.Trial registrationName of the registry: Clinical Research Information Service.Trial registration number: No. KCT0002195(RCT1), No. KCT0002552(RCT2).Date of registration: 10/04/2016(RCT1), 10/05/2017(RCT2).URL of the trial registry record: https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search
What is Holding Back Milk Production Potential in Pakistan?
Authors: Sattar Abdus , ahmad usman
Published: March 2022

Pakistan produced 55 million tonnes of buffalo and cow milk in 2019-20. The estimated potential production is much higher – at the level of research station the estimated potential is 82 million tonnes while the maximum breed potential is 110 million tonnes. Several factors including; low return for the dairy farmers, credit constraint, low genetic potential of milking animals, absence of formal milk marketing system, lack of healthcare for milking animals, insufficient or improper feeding, and lack of research, constrains opportunities in the dairy sector.
Serological and Molecular Survey for Dengue Virus Infection in Febrile Suspected Patients in Selected Local Government Areas in Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Tizhe Daniel Thakuma , Kwaga Jacob Kwada Paghi , Kia Grace Sabo Nok
Published: March 2022

Dengue is a disease caused by the dengue virus that is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito. Currently, the disease poses a threat to public health with about 390 million people reported to be infected annually across the endemic regions of the world. In Nigeria, the disease is underreported and often misdiagnosed as malaria. This study was designed to conduct a serological and molecular survey for dengue virus infection in febrile patients in three Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Adamawa State-Nigeria. Serum samples from 424 patients were analyzed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (CALBIOTECH, Dengue Virus IgM ELISA). Thick and thin smear microscopic techniques were used to determine the presence of malaria parasites. Overall, 19.4% patients were sero-positive for dengue in the three study locations. A total of 11%, 14.5% and 12.3% participants were found to be co-infected with dengue and malaria in Mubi, Jimeta and Numan respectively. The CDC DENV1-4 Real-Time RT-PCR Assay reagent was used for serotype specific detection and identification of circulating serotypes. Only Dengue serotype 1 was found to be in circulation in all three study locations. With an overall sero-prevalence of 19.4%, dengue virus infection may be one of the major causes of febrile illnesses across the study locations; hence, public healthcare professionals should not neglect other aetiologies of febrile illnesses and the need to conduct laboratory diagnosis to determine the possible causes of febrile illnesses.
HER2 Overexpression In Urothelial Carcinoma Is Closely Associated With Disease Progression: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Qingchao , Su Xiaolu , Xu Wenbo , Qing Liangliang , Yang Yongjin , Wang Huabin , Chen Siyu , Wang Jirong , Dong Zhilong
Published: March 2022

Background: Urothelial carcinoma especially metastatic UC, is still challenging to treat and associated poor outcomes remain. It is urgent to find new targets to change the treatment status of UC. As an important target of breast cancer, HER2 has been found to be closely related to other tumors in recent years.Methods: We performed immunohistochemical staining of HER2 in 170 human UC tissue sections, assessed the positive rate of HER2 in UC and analyzed the correlation between HER2 positivity and clinicopathological datas of the patients.Results: HER2 positivity exists in the whole UC, including UBC, UTUC and urethral carcinoma, the positive rate of HER2 in whole UC was 51.2%, and in UBC, UTUC, urethral carcinoma were 56.4%, 31.4%, 50%, respectively. In UBC, the positive rate of HER2 in NMIBC was 53.1%, while in MIBC was 65.7%. In addition, HER2 positivity was significantly correlated with multiple, histologic grade, invasiveness, T stage and location of the tumors.Conclusions: The positive rate of HER2 in UC especially in UBC was significantly higher than that in breast cancer reported by others, HER2 positivity is closely associated with tumor progression, HER2 may be an important target of UC, and HER2-positive UC patients may also benefit from HER2-targeted therapy in the future.
How Do Patients’ Needs For Information About COPD Change Over Time: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Sandelowsky Hanna , Krakau Ingvar , Modin Sonja , Ställberg Björn , Nager Anna
Published: March 2022

Background: This Swedish observational cohort study aimed to assess changes in patients’ perceived needs for information about COPD over 18 months and how these changes related to changes in patient characteristics. Methods: Data were obtained from 293 randomly selected primary care patients with COPD in GOLD stages 2-3. The Lung Information Needs Questionnaire (LINQ) was used to assess patients’ information needs at baseline and 18 months. Self-reported, descriptive patient data and spirometry results were collected. Results: Although the mean total LINQ score did not change between baseline and follow-up, 43.3% of the patients reported reduced and 56.7% increased or unchanged information needs. Reduced information needs were mainly associated with onset of pulmonary rehabilitation (OR=2.26 [95% CI 1.05-4.86]). Patients in a stable phase of COPD with no recent exacerbations tended to report greater needs than those with an unstable, deteriorated COPD. Conclusion: Patients’ information needs covary with current clinical status, so care providers should continuously be vigilant about offering patients support and education. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, 10 August 2014, Identifier NCT02213809.
Porous activated carbons derived from bamboo pulp black liquor for effective adsorption removal of tetracycline hydrochloride and malachite green from water
Authors: Yang Mengyuan , Cui Ce , Liu Li , Dai Lanling , Bai Wenhao , Zhai Jianyu , Jiang Shan , Wang Weijie , Ren Erhui , Cheng Cheng , Guo Ronghui
Published: March 2022

As a kind of waste water produced by papermaking industry, bamboo pulp black liquor (BPBL) discharged into water cause serious environmental problems. In this work, BPBL was successfully converted into porous carbon after activation with KOH through one-step carbonization, and adsorption properties of porous carbon derived from bamboo pulp black liquor (BLPC) for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and malachite green (MG) were studied. Adsorption capacity of BLPC for TCH and MG arrive at 1047 mg/g and 1277 mg/g due to its large specific surface area of 1859.08 m2/g, respectively. Kinetics and isotherm data are well fitted to the pseudo-second-order rate model and Langmuir model, respectively. Adsorption experiments and characterizations reveal that the adsorption mechanism involves in TCH and MG adsorption on BLPC mainly depends on the synergistic effect of pore filling, H-bonding, π-π interactions and weak electrostatic interactions. In addition, BLPC shows excellent photo-thermal property and improves its adsorption properties for TCH and MG under near-infrared irradiation. The synthesized BLPC with high adsorption efficiency, good recovery ability, improved adsorption under near-infrared irradiation can be promising and effective adsorbents for TCH or MG or other pollutes.
Effectiveness Of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)- Generated Cephalograms Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) Cephalometric Analysis
Authors: Chung Eun-Ji , Yang Byoung-Eun , Byun Soo-Hwan , Park In-Young , Yi Sangmin , Kim Young-Hee , Kang Sam-Hee
Published: March 2022

Lateral cephalograms and related analysis have become a “gold standard”, since its introduction. However, since conventional cephalometric radiographs display a three-dimensional structure on a 2D plane, inaccuracies may be produced when quantitative evaluation is required. CBCT has minimal image distortion and important parts can be observed without overlapping. It provides a high-resolution 3D image at a relatively low dose and cost but still shows a higher dose than lateral cephalogram. It is especially true for children who are more susceptible to radiation doses and often have difficult diagnoses. If the DICOM data obtained from CBCT are reconstructed, such as the conventional lateral cephalometric radiograph, can be obtained. This study evaluated the applicability of lateral cephalograms generated by CBCT using an artificial intelligence analysis program. Group comprised conventional lateral cephalometric radiographs, group comprised lateral cephalometric radiographs generated from CBCT using OnDemand 3D™, and group comprised lateral cephalometric radiographs generated from CBCT using Invivo 5™. All measurements in the three groups showed non-significant results. Therefore, a CBCT scan and AI programs are an efficient means when performing orthodontic analysis on pediatric or orthodontic patients for orthodontic diagnosis and planning.
Access to treatment for eye disease: A longitudinal thematic evaluation of driving in very old Australian Women.
Authors: White Jennifer , Hambisa Mitike Teshome , Cavenagh Dominic , Dolja-Gore Xenia , Byles Julie
Published: March 2022

BackgroundOver recent decades an increasing number of adults will retain their driver’s licenses well into their later years. The aim of this study was to understand and explore the experience of driving and driving cessation in very old Australian women with self-reported eye disease. MethodsAn interpretative qualitative study. Participants were from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (cohort born in 1921-26), a sample broadly representative of similarly aged Australian women. Responses to open-ended questions were analysed using an inductive thematic approach, employing a process of constant comparison. Results Qualitative data were from 216 older women with eye disease who made 2199 comments about driving, aged between 70 and 90 years depending on the timing of their comments. Themes included: (1) Access to treatment for eye disease promotes driving independence and quality of life; (2) Driving with restrictions for eye disease enables community engagement and (3) Driving cessation due to poor vision leads to significant lifestyle changes Conclusions Key findings highlighted driving cessation, or reduction, is often attributed to deterioration in vision. The consequence is dependence on others for transport, typically children and friends. Access to successful treatment for eye disease allowed older women to continue driving. We posit that occupational therapists can play an essential role in promote driving confidence and ability as women age. Trial registration: Not applicable.
Study On The Host Localization Characteristics Of Corythucha Ciliate Say, In China
Authors: Zhang Xinwei , Wang Mengxiao , Qu Yongyun , Wu Haiwei
Published: March 2022

In 2006, Corythucha ciliate was first discovered in China. It was an important invasive pest and had spread from the Yangtze River basin to most of northern China for more than ten years.In this paper, the artificial release method was used to determine the role of visual and olfactory signals in locating the host by the C. ciliate. The results showed that nearly 80% of the adults of C. ciliate tended to coexist visual and olfactory signals compared with single olfactory signals. After the removal of the main olfactory organs of C. ciliate, more than 77% of individuals still tended to visual signals, proving that visual signals play a major role in the process of locating host in the C. ciliate. This result could provide a new theoretical basis for the prevention and control of the C. ciliate.
Efficacy and cost of double filtration plasmapheresis in severe hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Han Pan , Gao Chenyang , Xu Xin
Published: March 2022

Background
The value of double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) in severe hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis (sHTGP) is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of DFPP on clinical results in patients with sHTGP and the costs associated with the procedure.
Methods
Patients who underwent DFPP after admission between January 2016 and December 2021 were recruited. Data on lipid profile, clinical results, and costs were retrospectively collected and analyzed.
Results
Fifty sHTGP patients who received DFPP were enrolled. All of the lipid profile were significantly reduced and maintained a downward trend. The APACHE II score on admission was higher and the reduction after DFPP was more obvious (P < 0.05) in patients with higher triglyceride (TG) levels (≥ 33.9 mmol/L) than in patients with lower TG levels. More material fees were expended in the higher TG group due to more DFPP sessions (P < 0.05), but no significant differences existed in total hospital costs between the two groups.
Conclusion
DFPP could rapidly and effectively reduce TGs to a safe level. APACHE II score reduction was obvious in patients with TGs ≥ 33.9 mmol/L and was associated with lipid profile changes. DFPP may benefit sHTGP patients with a TG level higher than the current initiation threshold.
Constrained Acetabular Liners are a Viable Option in Second-Stage Re-Implantation for Chronic Infected Total Hip Arthroplasty with Abductor or Greater Trochanter Deficiency and Large Acetabular Bone Defects
Authors: Xiao Qiang , Ling Tingxian , Zhou Kai , Yuan Mingcheng , Xu Bing , Zhou Zongke
Published: March 2022

Background
Abductor mechanism deficiency is a clear indication for using constrained acetabular liners (CALs), and large acetabular bone defects are considered a relative contraindication to CALs. We report the results of using CALs in special cases in which abductor or greater trochanter deficiency was accompanied by large acetabular bone defects at second-stage re-implantation for chronic infected total hip arthroplasty (THA).
Methods
Between January 2010 and January 2018, 19 patients who used CALs at second-stage re-implantation and had abductor or greater trochanter deficiency and large acetabular bone defects were included in this study. We followed up with the clinical and radiological results of these patients. Complications and infection-related information were also recorded.
Results
Eight patients, 4 patients, and 7 patients had Paprosky type ⅡB, type ⅡC, and type ⅢA acetabular bone defects at second-stage re-implantation, respectively. The indication for using CALs was abductor deficiency in 14 patients and greater trochanter deficiency in the other 5 patients. The mean follow-up was 74.4 months (range 50–96). The mean Harris Hip Score (HHS) was 76.3 points (range 62–86) at the last follow-up. Three patients presented acetabular radiolucent lines with no progress: zone 3, zone 3 and zone 2 and 3, respectively. One patient suffered transient sciatic nerve palsy. There was no dislocation, failure of the CALs, reoperation, or recurrence of infection.
Conclusion
Our results suggested that for screened patients, CALs are a viable option in second-stage re-implantation for chronic infected THA with abductor or greater trochanter deficiency and large bone defects.
The global inhomogeneity index assessed by electrical impedance tomography overestimates PEEP requirement in patients with ARDS
Authors: Heines Serge J.H. , de Jongh Sebastiaan A.M. , Strauch Ulrich , Horst Iwan C.C. van der , de Poll Marcel C.G. van , Bergmans Dennis C.J.J.
Published: March 2022

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) visualises alveolar overdistension (OD) and collapse (CL) and enables optimisation of ventilator settings by using the best balance between OD and Cl (ODCL). Besides, the global inhomogeneity index (GI), measured by EIT, may also be of added value in determining PEEP. PEEP is determined based on the best dynamic compliance (Cdyn) without EIT. This study aimed to assess the effect of a PEEP trial on ODCL, GI and Cdyn in patients with and without ARDS. Secondly, PEEP levels from “optimal PEEP” approaches by ODCL, GI and Cdyn are compared. In 2015–2016, we included patients with ARDS using postoperative cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) patients as a reference group. A PEEP trial was performed with four consecutive incremental followed by four decremental PEEP steps of 2 cmH2O. Primary outcomes at each step were GI, ODCL and Cdyn. In addition, the agreement between ODCL, GI, and Cdyn was determined for the individual patient. 28 ARDS and 17 CTS patients were included. The mean optimal PEEP, according to Cdyn, was 10.3 (± 2.9) cmH2O in ARDS compared to 9.8 (± 2.5) cmH2O in CTS patients. Optimal PEEP according to ODCL was 10.9 (± 2.5) in ARDS and 9.6 (± 1.6) in CTS patients. Optimal PEEP according to GI was 17.1 (± 3.9) in ARDS compared to 14.2 (± 3.4) in CTS. Currently, no golden standard to titrate PEEP is available. We showed that when using the GI, PEEP requirements are higher compared to ODCL and Cdyn during a PEEP trial in patients with and without ARDS.