bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Was Keynes a Liberal and an Individualist ? Or Keynes reader of Mandeville
Authors: Lagueux Maurice
Published: March 2014

Whether and to what extent Keynes should be considered both a liberal and an individualist is a rather complex question, and one which this paper proposes to disentangle by analyzing Keynes' understanding of Mandeville, whose positions on these two issues were rather ambiguous, as well. Through a comparison of Keynes' reading of the Fable of the Bees with those of N. Rosenberg, F. Hayek and L. Dumont, it is shown that Mandeville' s and Keynes' positions are much more alike than is generally admitted. Furthermore, this similarity invites us to redefine such categories as « individualism », « holism », « liberalism » and « interventionism », which clearly are difficult to apply to either of these two authors.
Marx et les prix relatifs
Authors: Rebeyrol Antoine
Published: March 2014

On cherche à montrer que le plan du Capital, qui part de l'exposé de la valeur travail au livre I et aboutit aux prix de production au livre III, ne reflète pas le mouvement heuristique de la pensée de Marx. Le renversement de l'ordre d'exposition fait apparaître que la théorie marxiste de l'exploitation, et en particulier le mécanisme de la plus-value absolue, ne dérivent qu'apparemment de la théorie de la valeur travail, alors qu'elles en sont en fait indépendantes. Cette relecture permet de montrer que l'opposition entre Marx et Ricardo tient à leurs interprétations différentes d'un système de prix de production, fondées sur deux analyses opposées de la relation salariale.
La nouvelle sociologie économique, l'analyse structurale et la théorie économique
Authors: Steiner Philippe
Published: March 2014

L'article se donne pour objectif d'éclairer la nature du rapport existant entre la nouvelle sociologie économique et la théorie standart. Partant d'une typologie de la sociologie économique, l'approche en termes de réseaux sociaux est mise en avant sous deux formes distinctes : l'approche de M. Granovetter d'un côté, l'approche structurale de R. Burt de l'autre. L'article montre que la première noue plus aisément le dialogue avec la théorie économique que la seconde dans la mesure où son principe théorique (les théories sociologiques de l'action et des institutions) est plus propice que celui de la sociologie structurale (le réseau et la formalisation qui y est associée).
Théories de l'action et normativité chez Adam Smith et chez John C. Harsanyi
Authors: Fernandes Andréa , Kandil Feriel
Published: March 2014

Pour rendre compte du comportement rationnel d'ordre éthique, Harsanyi reprend la figure du spectateur impartial de Smith. Or, des différences significatives apparaissent, entre les deux auteurs, concernant le traitement du jugement moral. Chez Harsanyi, il s'agit d'un jugement déterminant qui part d'une connaissance mathématique des préférences morales et évalue quantitativement les conséquences des actions. Chez Smith, le jugement réfléchissant du spectateur impartial opère de manière approximative, par analogie et induction. Derrière les deux formes de jugement, se confrontent deux modèles d'action et deux conceptions différentes des rapports entre les actes économiques et la morale.
Salaire et emploi dans la théorie des cycles réels
Authors: Hairault Jean-Olivier
Published: March 2014

La théorie des cycles réels a pris le contre-pied de la macro-économie keynésienne traditionnelle. Les fluctuations de l'emploi et du salaire réel pourraient être le résultat d'un ajustement de l'offre de travail grâce à une parfaite flexibilité du salaire aux variations de la demande de travail induites par des chocs technologiques. Les variations transitoires du salaire et le mécanisme de substitution intertemporelle sur l'offre de travail seraient alors centrales pour reproduire l'importance des fluctuations de l'emploi. Toutefois, cette représentation du marché du travail, malgré certaines extensions visant à explorer différentes dimensions de l'offre de travail ou à prendre en compte d'autres sources d'impulsion, n'a pas pu répondre aux exigences empiriques que s'assigne le courant des cycles réels. Seule l'introduction d'éléments néo-keynésiens, impliquant des rigidités réelles et nominales, dans le cadre de la méthodologie des cycles réels permet de donner une explication satisfaisante à la dynamique observée des salaires et de l'emploi. Finalement, les modèles d'équilibre général intertemporels stochastiques sont le cadre d'une nouvelle synthèse en macro-économie : pouvoirs de marché, externalités et coûts de transaction caractérisent le marché du travail, mais dans un cadre déterminé par les choix intertemporels rationnels des acteurs économiques.
Von Neuman-Morgenstern, Nash et Arrow-Debreu : théories des jeux et équilibre général
Authors: Sorin Sylvain
Published: March 2014

Cette note vise à préciser, dans une perspective historique, les liens entre la théorie des jeux et la théorie de l'équilibre général. On constate que sous un vocabulaire commun et des outils mathématiques semblables, des approches assez différentes apparaissent dans les travaux de von Neumann-Morgenstern, Nash et Arrow-Debreu. En particulier la notion d'équilibre a un statut très différent dans les deux champs.
La structure logique de la Théorie générale de Keynes. Une critique de Benetti
Authors: de Vroey Michel
Published: March 2014

L'obectif de cet article est de critiquer les thèses avancées par Benetti dans son article "La structure logique de la Théorie générale de Keynes". L'idée selon laquelle on peut rendre compte du projet de Keynes par un emboîtement entre trois modèles - le modèle récursif par l'offre, le modèle non-walrasien d'équilibre général et le modèle keynesien proprement dit - est remise en cause. Il en va de même pour la thèse, défendue par Patinkin et reprise par Benetti, selon laquelle le chapitre 19 de la Théorie générale constituerait l'apothéose de ce livre et démontrerait l'existence du chômage involontaire dans un contexte de salaire flexible.
The legacy of Augustin Cournot
Authors: Friedman James W.
Published: March 2014

Entendu dans un sens un large, l'héritage de Cournot pour les économistes consiste (i) en ce qu'il a montré comment utiliser de manire générale les mathématiques pour développer des théories économiques, au lieu d'avoir recours des exemples reposant sur des formes fonctionnelles spécifiques, (ii) en ce qu'il a donné un traitement clairet sophistiqué de la demande de marché, du monopole, des marchés concurrentiels et, avant tout, de l'oligopole. Les économistes contemporains se souviennent seulement de Cournot pour sa théorie de l'oligopole. Cependant, il semble avoir eu une grande influence sur Marshall et Walras, ainsi que sur d'autres économistes moins enclins aux mathématiques.
Forward trading and adjustment costs in Cournot markets
Authors: Thille Henry , Slade Margaret E.
Published: March 2014

Many commodity markets satisfy the assumptions that underlie the Cournot model. These markets, however, have a feature that is not considered in that model - producers and consumers can enter into contracts for forward transactions. We consider the implications of forward trading for Cournot markets. In particular, we take the simple two-period game that is common in the literature and extend it to include various sorts of adjustment costs. The adjustment costs that we consider are of two sorts : They can involve time or periods during which players are committed to their decisions, or they can involve dollars or expenditure of resources when those decisions are changed. Whereas the former are procompetitive or output enhancing, we show that, in general, the latter are anticompetitive or output restricting.
Notes sur les jeux stratégiques de marchés
Authors: Giraud Gaël
Published: March 2014

On présente brièvement les jeux stratégiques de marchés à la Shapley & Shubik (1977) dans le contexte d'économies d'échanges. Leurs propriétés caractéristiques sont comparées avec les propriétés usuelles des équilibres Walrasiens en régime de concurrence parfaite. On discute l'aptitude de ce genre de modèle à fournir un cadre d'étude de la concurrence imparfaite en équilibre général.
La méthode de la Théorie Générale selon Patinkin
Authors: Klimovski Edith
Published: March 2014

The analytical argument justifying the evolution of Patinkin's position on the method employed in the General Theory leads to a severe ambiguity : the Keynésien model is supposed to express Walrasian interactions as well as Marshallian partial equilibrium. Patinkin synthétises his position by using a mysterious paraphrase of Genesis, which expresses, as we show, the predominance of the Walrasian method. Interactions are the only reason given by Patinkin to explain the connection between the Keynesian model and the Walrasian method. This paper shows that they are only a necessary condition because mis model also has important commun points with the classical tradition which separate it from Walras.
L'histoire des théories économiques sous le prisme de l'hétérodoxie. Une analyse critique de l'Histoire de la pensée économique de Ghislain Deleplace
Authors: De Vroey Michel
Published: March 2014

L'objectif de mon article est de critiquer certaines des thèses centrales de VHistoire de la pensée économique de Deleplace : en premier lieu, la thèse selon laquelle la théorie de la demande effective de Keynes fournit la clé de compréhension du chômage involontaire, en second lieu, la thèse selon laquelle une absorption de la 'macro' dans la 'micro' s'est produite, de Hicks à nos jours.
PERFORMANCE MODEL FOR ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT BASED ON THE FUZZY LOGIC APPROACH
Authors: Karaşahin Mustafa , Terzi Serdal
Published: March 2014

Accurate pavement performance estimation is very important for the managing and maintaining of surface transportation infrastructure. In the present study, a new model for the prediction of present and future performance of flexible pavements is developed using the fuzzy logic approach. The database of the model is able to use numerical measurements and also linguistic statements. Many models developed in the literature neglect the parameters that have little bearing on performance. However, it is a well known fact that these parameters do have an effect on performance to some degree. Different parameters were considered in the model as accepted by the authorities, and as having little bearing on performance. For each parameter, a certain weight was appointed, and the parameters that affected performance were assigned greater weights while the others were assigned smaller weights. As a result, the current model in the fuzzy logic approach is more flexible than the current Pavement Serviceability Index (PSI) and Pavement Condition Index (PCI) models. The model is different from previous fuzzy logic based models. Two stages of the fuzzy logic approach were used in these models. Since this new methodology does not need any mechanical tests, the model can be adopted by the Pavement Management System (PMS) of developing countries.
SUPPORT OF DECISION-MAKING ON ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Authors: Černý Jan , Černá Anna , Linda Bohdan
Published: March 2014

The main purpose of the paper is to present theoretical findings suitable as a support of decision-making on economic sustainability and accessibility of public transport. Czech experience with solving this problem is taken into account. The paper focuses on the relationship between two of three pillars of public transport sustainability – social and economic. Accessibility of public transport service for the clients is considered the main feature of the social pillar. Three types of accessibility are taken into account: spatial, time and economic. Indicators of all three types are presented and their role is studied in details. The main factors influencing the indicators are described. It is shown that, usually, strengthening the social pillar is then weakening the economic one. Further, the public transport accessibility issues are discussed in the most complicated case – in the weak demand areas. Demand Responsible Transport (DRT) is presented as an efficient and effective tool in maintaining the public transport sustainable in these areas. Different types of DRT are outlined and evaluated for the purpose of deciding which one to choose.
From Postcommunist “Transition” to the “Doorstep of Europe”?: Euroorientalisms in Southern Albania
Authors: Gregorič Bon Nataša
Published: March 2014

Prispevek pojasnjuje, kako sta termin tranzicija, ki je bil še do nedavnega pogost v političnem in medijskem diskurzu kot tudi v vsakdanjih pogovorih ljudi v Albaniji, nadomestila izraza Evropa in/ali EU. V številnih pogovorih in diskurzih sta pogosto sinonimna, njun pomen pa implicira modernost, družbeni in ekonomski razvoj ter splošno blaginjo. Prek diskurzivnega mehanizma »evroorientalizmov« članek prikaže, kako posamezniki z vizijami in podobami o Evropi in EU pogosto nadomeščajo negotovo in nepredvidljivo sedanjost ter nenehno opredeljujejo zgodovinski in politični položaj Albanije na simbolnem zemljevidu Evrope. Njen položaj kot tudi položaj Evrope sta tako pomnožena in se redefinirata. Pomenska vrzel »Evrope« se polni z dvoumji, ki na eni strani izražajo »željo po Evropi«, na drugi pa »obrambo pred ne-Evropo«. Drsenje med Evropo in ne-Evropo oz. med središčem in obrobjem ustvarja Albanijo kot »relativno lokacijo«, ki v simbolni geografiji nikoli ni trdna in določena, temveč prej spremenljiva.
***
Nowadays, the term transition that was seldom used in the political and media discourse as well as in the daily talk of people living in Albania is substituted with the term Europe or EU. According to peoples' conversations and discourses both terms are often used as synonyms and their meanings pertain to modernity, social and economic development and general well being. With the reference to the discursive mechanism of »euroorientalisms« this paper illustrates and explains how peoples' feelings of uncertain and unsure present are replaced with their imaginaries and visions of Europe and EU and how these imaginaries are continuously shifting the historical and political location of Albania on the symbolic map of Europe. The location of Albania as well as Europe multiplies as it is redefined. The meaning of Europe is filled with ambiguities pertaining to the wish of »accession to Europe« on the one hand and the »defence against non- Europe« on the other. Continuous shifting between Europe and non-Europe or between centre and periphery constitutes Albania as a »relative location«, which is never fixed and static but rather changing.
Revisiting the Formation and Development of Folk Music Studies
Authors: Pisk Marjeta
Published: March 2014

Članek obravnava nastanek in razvoj slovenske glasbene folkloristike, ki je izšla iz filologije in se je formirala soča- sno z nastajajočim konceptom etničnosti. Pri tem se članek osredinja na proces konstruiranja objekta folklorističnega raziskovanja.
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This article discusses the formation and development of Slovenian folk music studies, which originated in philology and was shaped simultaneously with the emerging concept of ethnicity. It focuses on the process of constructing the research object of folklore studies.
Dwelling Culture in Ethnology
Authors: Ledinek Lozej Špela
Published: March 2014

V prispevku je podan oris preučevanja stanovanjske kulture v evropski in slovenski etnološki raziskovalni praksi. V narodopisnem preučevanju snovne kulture v prvi polovici 20. stoletja je bila stanovanjska kultura posredno obravnavana v okviru zanimanja za razvoj in oblikovne prvine stavbarstva, samostojna raziskovalna topika je postala v drugi polovici 20. stoletja. Ločimo različne metodološke pristope: zgodovinski, geografski, družbeni pristop, preučevanje kulturnih prvin kot kazalnikov družbenih oziroma kulturnih procesov ter različni vidiki preučevanja (upo)rabe bivališča.
***
The article outlines the study of dwelling culture in European and Slovenian ethnological research practices. In the first half of the 20th century, dwelling culture was studied indirectly in the framework of interests in development as well as in the formal elements of architecture. It became an independent research topic in the second half of the 20th century.From then onwards, one may identify the use of diverse methodological approaches to the study of dwelling culture: historical, geographical, and social approaches, the study of dwelling cultureelements as indicators of wider social and cultural processes and the study of diverse aspects of dwelling use and consumption.
Investigation into Loan Default Problems in Infrastructure, Real Estate, and Constructions Sectors facing the New Generation Private Sector Banks in India
Authors: Das Rituparna
Published: March 2014

The rating agency Standard and Poor's recently warned that India could become the first of the BRIC economies to lose its investment-grade status because of the slowing down of growth prospect in the face of bad loans. Against the backdrop of the loan defaults in the real estate and infrastructure sectors leading to the slackening of economic growth, which caused downgradation of India's international credit rating, this chapter aims to inquire into the modus operandi of credit rating by banks and rating agencies, the impact of economic downturn on the behaviors of borrowers as well as lenders, mode of calculation of default probability, and the unaddressed needs of academic and professional research.
Impact of NPAs on Bank Profitability
Authors: Sen Saurabh , Sen Ruchi L.
Published: March 2014

NPA is a “termite” for the banking sector. It affects liquidity and profitability of the bank to a great extent; in addition, it also poses a threat to the quality of asset and survival of banks. The post-reform era has changed the whole structure of the banking sector of India. Now, the economy is not confined to the domestic boundary of the country. The core intention of economic reforms in India was to attract foreign investments and create a sound banking system. This chapter provides an empirical approach to the analysis of profitability indicators with a focal point on Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) of commercial banks in the Indian context. The chapter discusses NPA, factors contributing to NPA, magnitude, and consequences. By using an analytical perspective, the chapter observes that NPAs affected significantly the performance of the banks in the present scenario. On the other hand, factors like better credit culture, managing the risk, and business conditions led to lowering of NPAs. The empirical findings using observation method and statistical tools like correlation, regression, and data representation techniques identify that there is a negative relationship between profitability measure and NPAs.
Measuring Service Quality of Commercial Banks in an Underdeveloped Economy
Authors: Bezbaruah M. P. , Kalita Basanta
Published: March 2014

In the post-reform era, quality delivery of the services has acquired centre point of the service industry around the globe. The banking sector being purely a service-related industry has been influenced more by the issue of providing quality service. With the entry of private banks, the banking sector has gone through many transformations including the way services are extended. In a backward state like Assam, this has arrived a little late, but the changes are gradually visible. The chapter captures the service quality standard of the Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) and also for the different bank groups in order to make a comparison. The SERVPERF scale is used to study the replies of the customers in two cities, Guwahati and Tezpur, and some econometric tools are used to analyse the data. The study reveals that the private sector banks are far ahead of the public sector banks in terms of quality of service. The private banks influence the service quality of the SCBs the most among all the bank groups. Overall, the public sector banks, which are the dominant market players, will have to work hard to catch the level of the private banks.
Methods for assessing infestations of sunflower stem weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in sunflower stems
Authors: Prasifka Jarrad R. , Campbell James F. , Aiken Robert M. , Bradshaw Jeffrey D.
Published: March 2014

The sunflower stem weevil, Cylindrocopturus adspersus LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), reduces sunflower, Helianthus annuus Linnaeus (Asteraceae), yields by spreading pathogens, damaging vascular tissues, and promoting lodging of sunflower plants. To assess weevil populations for host plant resistance and insecticide field trials, larvae are dissected out of stems and counted; a process that is slow and limits experimental designs. To improve efficiency of sunflower stem weevil sample processing, field-collected sunflower samples were used to evaluate whether digital radiographs (X-rays) of stem sections or population estimates from rearing out overwintering stem weevils are suitable substitutes for dissection of complete stems. Digital X-rays of small stem pieces (15 cm above soil level) split longitudinally were found to explain over 75% of the variation in numbers of weevil larvae from dissected stem samples (50 cm), but required less than one-fifth the time of manual dissection. Use of small emergence boxes to estimate weevil populations was similarly time efficient, but may not be easily related to weevils per plant because of parasitism and other mortality. Results suggest for large field trials with sunflower stem weevils, digital X-rays provide much more time-efficient larval population estimates.
A Novel Mechanism Underlying the Basic Defensive Response of Macrophages against Mycobacterium Infection
Authors: Iyoda Takuya , Takada Muneaki , Fukatsu Yoshinobu , Kumokoshi Shunsuke , Fujisawa Tatsuya , Shimada Tomokazu , Shimokawa Noriko , Matsunaga Takuya , Makino Kimiko , Doi Norio , Terada Hiroshi , Fukai Fumio
Published: March 2014

Following inhalation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), pathogens enter and grow inside macrophages by taking advantage of their phagocytic mechanisms. Macrophages often fail to eliminate intracellular M. tuberculosis, leading to the induction of host macrophage death. Despite accumulating evidence, the molecular mechanisms underlying M. tuberculosis infection–induced cell death remain controversial. In this study, we show the involvement of two distinct pathways triggered by TLR2 and β2 integrin in BCG infection–induced macrophage apoptosis. First, BCG infection induced activation of ERK1/2, which in turn caused phosphorylation/activation of the proapoptotic protein Bim in mouse macrophage-like Raw 264.7 cells. BCG-infected Raw cells treated with U0126, an MEK/ERK inhibitor, led to the suppression of Bim phosphorylation alongside a remarkable increase in the number of viable macrophages. Small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of Bim rescued the macrophages from the apoptotic cell death induced by BCG infection. Stimulation with Pam3CSK, a TLR2 agonist, induced macrophage apoptosis with a concomitant increase in the phosphorylation/activation of MEK/ERK and Bim. These observations indicate the important role of the TLR2/MEK/ERK/Bim pathway in BCG infection–induced macrophage apoptosis. Second, we used the β2 integrin agonists C3bi and fibronectin to show that the β2 integrin–derived signal was involved in BCG infection–induced apoptosis, independent of MEK/ERK activation. Interestingly, latex beads coated with Pam3CSK and C3bi were able to induce apoptosis in macrophages to the same extent and specificity as that induced by BCG. Taken together, two distinct pattern-recognition membrane receptors, TLR2 and β2 integrin, acted as triggers in BCG infection–induced macrophage apoptosis, in which MEK/ERK activation played a crucial role following the engagement of TLR2.
Evaluation of Compressive Strength and Microhardness of Composites Associated to Light Curing Characterizing Materials
Authors: Barcellos Daphne Câmara , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , Pleffken Patricia Rondon , de Araújo Maria Amélia Máximo , Valera Marcia Carneiro , Batista Graziela Robeiro
Published: March 2014

Aim

This study evaluated the microhardness and compressive strength of composite and light curing characterizing materials (LCCMs) by intrinsic technique.

Materials and methods

Eighty composite specimens with a cylindrical shape were prepared and divided into eight groups (n = 10): Group E—composite-Enamel shade (ES); Group T— composite-Translucent shade (TS); Group W—White Tetric Color Pigment (Ivoclar/Vivadent) LCCM; Group B—Black Tetric Color Pigment (Ivoclar/Vivadent) LCCM; Group E/W/E—TS/ White Tetric Color Pigment LCCM/ES; Group E/B/E—ES/ Black Tetric Color Pigment LCCM/ES; Group E/W/T—ES/White Tetric Color Pigment LCCM/TS; Group E/B/T—ES/Black Tetric Color Pigment LCCM/TS. The specimens were submitted to a microhardness and compressive strength tests. Data were subjected to ANOVA, Tukey tests (5%) and pearson correlation.

Results and conclusion

There were significant differences among the groups (p = 0.00). The Pearson correlation showed a p = 0.85. The mean values for microhardness: Group E—73.30a; Group T—66.47b; Group E/W/T—63.71bc; Group E/W/E—62.08bc; Group E/B/E—57.47c; Group E/B/T—55.61c; Group W—39.69d; Group B—37.87d. The mean values for compressive strength: Group E—493.12a; Group T—481.96a; Group E/B/E—359.45b; Group E/W/T—358.64b; Group E/B/T— 357.01b; Group E/W/E—353.73b; Group W—136.62c; Group B—41.22d. The use of LCCM by intrinsic technique reduced the microhardness and compressive strength of composite. There is a strong correlation between microhardness and compressive strength.

Clinical significance

The use of light curing characterizing materials combined with direct resin restorations can adversely reduce microhardness and compressive strength of direct esthetic restorations.

How to cite this article

Barcellos DC, Batista GR, Pleffken PR, Valera MC, Torres CRG, de Araújo MAM. Evaluation of Compressive Strength and Microhardness of Composites Associated to Light Curing Characterizing Materials. World J Dent 2014;5(1):6-10.
Analysis of Stress in the Periodontal Ligament and Alveolar Bone of the Maxillary First Molars during Intrusion with Microscrew Implants: A 3D Finite Element Study
Authors: Pavithra AS , Prashanth GS , Shekar SE
Published: March 2014

Objectives

The objective of this study was to graphically display the pattern and magnitude of stress distribution along the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone of upper first molars on application of intrusive forces using microscrew implants.

Materials and methods

A computer simulation of threedimensional model of maxillary first molars and second molars bilaterally with their periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, with microscrew implants, force element and a transpalatal arch were constructed on the basis of average anatomic morphology. Finite element analysis was done to evaluate the amount of stress and its distribution during orthodontic intrusive force.

Results

Overall maximum stress in this study was seen in the alveolar bone in the implant insertion area of 7.155 N/mm2.Maximum stress in the periodontal ligament was seen in middle third distocervical palatal root surface of the first molar (0.008993 N/mm2). Maximum stress in the enamel was seen in the distal aspect of the cementoenamel junction (0.423 N/mm2). Maximum stress in the dentin was observed in apical one-third of the mesiobuccal root surface of first molar (0.1785 N/mm2).

Conclusion

In this study with the use of palatal implant and transpalatal arch, we found that there was no tipping observed during intrusion. This study demonstrates that significant true intrusion of maxillary molars could be obtained in a wellcontrolled manner by using fixed appliances with microscrew implant as bony anchorage.

How to cite this article

Pavithra AS, Prashanth GS, Mathew S, Shekar SE. Analysis of Stress in the Periodontal Ligament and Alveolar Bone of the Maxillary First Molars during Intrusion with Microscrew Implants: A 3D Finite Element Study. World J Dent 2014;5(1):11-16.
Influence of Morphology of Maxillary Central Incisor on Expression of Torque using 2D Surface Scanning and Confirmation with 3D Photographic Model: An in vitro Study
Authors: Chachada Achint Devendra
Published: March 2014

The aim of present study was to evaluate the influence of convexity of upper central incisor on expression of torque. The variation in crown root angle of maxillary central incisor and the co-relation between crown root angle and convexity of crown of maxillary central incisor was also assessed. Thirty extracted maxillary central incisors and a central incisor bracket (American Orthodontics—Roth prescription 0.018 inch slot) were used for the study. The study was carried out in three parts. In first part, proximal radiographs of each sample were traced and crown to root angle was measured. In second part, labial surface each sample was scanned using cyclone scanning system (Renishaw) to obtain profile image of each sample which were analyzed using AutoCAD 2002 software. Convexity of labial surfaces at various heights, i.e. X + 1, X + 2, X + 3, X – 1, X – 2, X – 3 was measured. Third part consisted of preparation of 3D photographic model of one randomly selected sample using Stereo Scan 3D (Breuckmann) machine and 3D composite image of central incisor bracket using Esson optical profile projector. Torque values at X + 1, X + 2, X + 3, X – 1, X – 2, X – 3 were 2.27°, 5.08°, 8.96°, –5.01°, –8.35° and –12.33° respectively and mean value of crown to root angle of all 30 studied samples was 180.27°. It was concluded that when bracket is displaced 1, 2 or 3 mm incisally, there is increase in lingual root torque by an average value of 2.27°, 5.08° or 8.96° respectively while when bracket is displaced 1, 2 or 3 mm gingivally, there is decrease in lingual root torque or increase in labial root torque by an average value of 5.01°, 8.35° or 12.33° respectively. These findings were confirmed on analysis of 3D photographic model of one randomly selected sample.

How to cite this article

Chachada AD, Kamble RH. Influence of Morphology of Maxillary Central Incisor on Expression of Torque using 2D Surface Scanning and Confirmation with 3D Photographic Model: An in vitro Study. World J Dent 2014;5(1):21-27.
Palatal Injection: A Myth or a Reality in Maxillary Third Molar Extraction
Authors: Padhye Mukul , Shah Vaibhav , Shevale Vruturaj , Pawar Suraj , Desai Rujuta Ajit , Khosa Rishi , Keswani Ekta , Thakker Snehal
Published: March 2014

Introduction

Palatal injection, in spite of many modernized injection techniques, remains a painful experience for the patient. The aim of this study was to demonstrate if maxillary third molars could be extracted using only buccal infiltration of 2% lignocaine hydrochloride (HCl) with adrenaline 1:80,000 without the need for supplemental palatal injection.

Materials and methods

Three hundred patients were selected randomly and divided into two groups of 150 each. In the experimental group, 2 ml of 2% lignocaine hydrochloride with 1:80000 adrenaline was injected into the buccal vestibule of the tooth to be extracted. Extraction was performed after a waiting period of 7 minutes postinjection. Equal number of 150 patients were used as control and were subjected to the same protocol, with additional palatal injection. Pain experienced during extraction of both groups were recorded using visual analog scale and faces pain scale. Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze pain between both the groups.

Results

Statistical analysis of the two groups, experimental and control groups do not defer with respect to visual analog and faces pain score.

Conclusion

Palatal injection for extraction of maxillary third molar is not mandatory.

How to cite this article

Pawar S, Desai RA, Padhye M, Shevale V, Khosa R, Keswani E, Thakker S, Shah V. Palatal Injection: A Myth or a Reality in Maxillary Third Molar Extraction. World J Dent 2014;5(1):28-32.
GCF Adrenomedullin Levels in Healthy and Periodontitis Patients with or without Type 2—Diabetes Mellitus: Clinicobiochemical Study
Authors: Apoorva SM , Bhat Divya , Garg Akanksha , Suchetha A , Sapna N , Puzhankara Lakshmi
Published: March 2014

Background

The literature suggests that periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus share a two-way relationship. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the levels of adrenomedullin (ADM) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontally healthy and periodontitis patients with or without type 2 diabetes with different glycemic controls.

Methods

Ninety patients were included in the study and were divided into five groups based on CPI scores and ADA classification of diabetes. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured in all the subjects. GCF was collected from all the participants using micropipettes. ADM levels were measured in GCF samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

The results showed higher levels of ADM in patients with periodontitis as compared to healthy group. Significant correlation was present between PPD and CAL and ADM levels in all periodontitis patients with or without type 2 diabetes.

Conclusion

Increase in GCF levels of ADM from periodontal health to disease and in periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes with the worsening of glycemic control underlines the possible role of ADM in mounting a protective response to worsening disease state.

How to cite this article

Garg A, Suchetha A, Sapna N, Apoorva SM, Bhat D, Puzhankara L. GCF Adrenomedullin Levels in Healthy and Periodontitis Patients with or without Type 2—Diabetes Mellitus: Clinicobiochemical Study. World J Dent 2014;5(1):42-46.
Lesion Sterilization Tissue Repair as Adjunct to Conventional Root Canal Treatment of Combined Periodontic-Endodontic Cases
Authors: Saleh Ahmed A , Eid Hossam A , Abdelaziz Khalid M
Published: March 2014

Background

Treatment of perio-endo lesions is challenging for the clinician. A combination of root canal treatment and periodontal treatment is needed in order to provide good results. There is a high failure rate due to the difficulty in eliminating the microflora that colonizes and complicates the lesion. Conventional root canal treatment (RCT) sometimes is not enough to prevent failure in such lesions. Hence the Aim of this study was to evaluate of use of LSTR (Lesion Sterilization Tisssue Repair) therapy in conjunction with, periodontal therapy and RCT in management of combined perio-endo lesions.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted on 26 patients with perio-endo lesions, The affected teeth were tender to percussion, presented no mobility, and meticulous periodontal probing revealed all pockets to be more than 6 mm in depth. Periapical radiographs of the teeth confirmed the extensive coronal carious lesion involving the pulp and revealed large periapical lesion. The patients were classified into two groups, each of 14 patients, control group (A) RCT done by using conventional sealer, and group (B), RCT done by mixing sealer with LSTR material in equal proportions. All teeth were treated by open flap debridement.

Results

In group B patients, after follow-up for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, we found excellent prognosis (98%), with no symptoms of pain and there was marked improvement in periodontal parameters for all teeth. However, on the other hand, in group A patients, the prognosis was found to be 90%.

Conclusion

According to results of this study, we highly recommend the use of LSTR with sealer in RCT together with periodontal treatment in management of perio-endo lesions to decrease the rate of failure and improve the periodontal condition.

How to cite this article

Saleh AA, Eid HA, Abdelaziz KM. Lesion Sterilization Tissue Repair as Adjunct to Conventional Root Canal Treatment of Combined Periodontic-Endodontic Cases. World J Dent 2014;5(1):47-52.
Customized Bluegrass Appliance
Authors: Surendran Sharmila , Amarlal Deepti , Thomas Eapen
Published: March 2014

Background

Digit sucking is a common childhood behavior, which has an adaptive value for children up to the fourth year of life. Chronic prolonged habit may cause deleterious effects on dentofacial structures. Reminder therapy using blue grass appliance has been proven successful to intercept thumb sucking habit.

Methods

Four cases of digit sucking were corrected by nonpunitive reminder therapy using customized blue grass appliance.

Results and conclusion

Four patients’ digit sucking habit ceased after the insertion of the customized bluegrass appliance. These appliances were very comfortable to the patient and successful in intercepting the habit within a short period of time. It is an effective treatment option with limited treatment complications.

How to cite this article

Surendran S, Amarlal D, Asokan S, Thomas E. Customized Bluegrass Appliance. World J Dent 2014;5(1):64-66.
Interactions between Restorative Dentistry and Periodontics: Luting Post Nonmetallic (Part II)
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Pinto Shelon Cristina Souza , Borges Alvaro Henrique , Saad José Roberto Cury , Bandéca Matheus Coelho , Frizzera Fausto , de Figueiredo Pereira Kamila , dos Santos Reidson Stanley Soares
Published: March 2014

Endodontically treated teeth have necessary use of intracanal posts. Due to the constant need and search for esthetic materials with properties similar to tooth structure remaining fiberglass posts esthetic came good these shortcomings and are increasingly used as a first option for prosthetic rehabilitation. In this case report is described step by step how to perform the cementation of a nonmetallic post and core construction for making a piece prosthetic onlay in a simplified way, by choosing the self-etching cementation technique.

How to cite this article

Bandéca MC, Pinto SCS, Tonetto MR, Frizzera F, de Figueiredo Pereira K, Borges AH, Saad JRC, dos Santos RSS. Interactions between Restorative Dentistry and Periodontics: Luting Post Nonmetallic (Part II). World J Dent 2014;5(1):72-75.
Further evidence of important environmental information content in red-to-green ratios as depicted in paintings by great masters
Authors: Zerefos C. S. , Tetsis P. , Kazantzidis A. , Amiridis V. , Zerefos S. C. , Luterbacher J. , Eleftheratos K. , Gerasopoulos E. , Kazadzis S. , Papayannis A.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. We examine sunsets painted by famous artists as proxy information for the aerosol optical depth after major volcanic eruptions. Images derived from precision colour protocols applied to the paintings were compared to online images, and found that the latter, previously analysed, provide accurate information. Aerosol optical depths (AODs) at 550 nm, corresponding to Northern Hemisphere middle latitudes, calculated by introducing red-to-green (R / G) ratios from a large number of paintings to a radiative transfer model, were significantly correlated with independent proxies from stratospheric AOD and optical extinction data, the dust veil index, and ice core volcanic indices. AODs calculated from paintings were grouped into 50-year intervals from 1500 to 2000. The year of each eruption and the 3 following years were defined as "volcanic". The remaining "non-volcanic" years were used to provide additional evidence of a multidecadal increase in the atmospheric optical depths during the industrial "revolution". The increase of AOD at 550 nm calculated from the paintings grows from 0.15 in the middle 19th century to about 0.20 by the end of the 20th century. To corroborate our findings, an experiment was designed in which a master painter/colourist painted successive sunsets during and after the passage of Saharan aerosols over the island of Hydra in Greece. Independent solar radiometric measurements confirmed that the master colourist's R / G ratios which were used to model his AODs, matched the AOD values measured in situ by co-located sun photometers during the declining phase of the Saharan aerosol. An independent experiment was performed to understand the difference between R / G ratios calculated from a typical volcanic aerosol and those measured from the mineral aerosol during the Hydra experiment. It was found that the differences in terms of R / G ratios were small, ranging between −2.6% and +1.6%. Also, when analysing different parts of cloudless skies of paintings following major volcanic eruptions, any structural differences seen in the paintings had not altered the results discussed above. However, a detailed study on all possible sources of uncertainties involved (such as the impact of clouds on R / G ratios) still needs to be studied. Because of the large number of paintings studied, we tentatively propose the conclusion that regardless of the school, red-to-green ratios from great masters can provide independent proxy AODs that correlate with widely accepted proxies and with independent measurements.
On the submicron aerosol distributions and CCN number concentrations in and around the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Kim J. H. , Yum S. S. , Shim S. , Kim W. J. , Park M. , Kim J. , Kim M. , Yoon S. C.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. Total number concentrations of particles having diameter larger than 10 nm (NCN), cloud condensation nuclei at several supersaturation (S) values (NCCN), and the number size distribution of particles for 10–414 nm particle diameter range were measured in Seoul between 2004 and 2010. Overall average values of NCN and geometric mean diameter are 17 811 ± 5581 cm−3 and 48 ± 6 nm, respectively. Average NCCN at 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% S are 4145 ± 2016, 5323 ± 2453 and 6067 ± 2780 cm−3, respectively and corresponding NCCN / NCN are 0.26 ± 0.11, 0.33 ± 0.11 and 0.37 ± 0.12. There is a clear seasonal variation of aerosol concentration, which seems to be due to the monsoon. NCN and NCCN are also found to be dependent on the volume of traffic and the height of planetary boundary layer, respectively. During the two aircraft campaigns in 2009 and 2011, NCN and NCCN at 0.6% S were measured in and around the Korean Peninsula. During the 2011 campaign, aerosol scattering coefficient was also measured. NCN and NCCN 0.6 in the lower altitudes were generally higher than at higher altitudes, except for the cases when particle formation and growth events are thought to occur at higher altitudes. NCN and NCCN 0.6 show generally a positive correlation with aerosol scattering coefficients but its correspondence tends to vary with altitude. Occasional instances of low (< 0.3) NCCN 0.6 / NCN in the boundary layer are demonstrated to be associated with particle formation and growth events. With the support of ground measurements, it is confirmed that a particle formation and growth event indeed occurred on a flight day over the Yellow Sea and the areal extent of the event is estimated to be greater than 100 km × 450 km. With the combination of the current and several relevant previous studies, a composite map of NCN and NCCN in and around the Korean Peninsula is produced. Overall, the exhibited concentrations are typical of the values measured over the polluted regions elsewhere in the globe. Moreover, there is a generally decreasing trend from west to east over the region, implying that the region is constantly under the dominant influence of continental outflow.
Can Positive Matrix Factorization identify sources of organic trace gases at the continental GAW site Hohenpeissenberg?
Authors: Leuchner M. , Gubo S. , Schunk C. , Wastl C. , Kirchner M. , Menzel A. , Plass-Dülmer C.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. From the rural Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) site Hohenpeissenberg in the pre-alpine area of Southern Germany, a dataset of 24 C2–C8 non-methane hydrocarbons over a period of seven years was analyzed. Receptor modeling was performed by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and the resulting factors were compared to literature source profiles. Photochemical aging during transport to the relatively remote site violates the PMF prerequisite of mass conservation from source to receptor. However, previous studies showed plausible results with this method at remote sites; the applicability and restrictions of the PMF model to such a remote dataset and the influence of photochemical processing on the interpretability of the results are discussed. A six factor solution showed a high stability and the most plausible results. In addition to biogenic sources and remote sources of very stable compounds – reflecting the continental background – four additional anthropogenic factors were resolved that could be divided into two short- and two long-lived patterns from evaporative sources and incomplete combustion processes, respectively. A method to increase the uncertainty for each individual compound by including photochemical reactivity did not improve the results, but decreased the stability of the model output. The contribution of the different source categories at the site over the entire period was, in decreasing order: remote sources, long-lived evaporative sources, residential heating and long-lived combustion sources, short-lived evaporative sources, short-lived combustion sources, and biogenic sources. Despite a low overall impact, biogenic sources played an important role during summer, in particular in terms of reactivity.
Estimates of European emissions of methyl chloroform using a Bayesian inversion method
Authors: Maione M. , Graziosi F. , Arduini J. , Furlani F. , Giostra U. , Blake D. R. , Bonasoni P. , Fang X. , Montzka S. A. , O'Doherty S. J. , Reimann S. , Stohl A. , Vollmer M. K.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. Methyl chloroform (MCF) is a man-made chlorinated solvent contributing to the destruction of stratospheric ozone and is controlled under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. Long-term, high-frequency observations of MCF carried out at three European sites show a constant decline of the background mixing ratios of MCF. However, we observe persistent non-negligible mixing ratio enhancements of MCF in pollution episodes suggesting unexpectedly high ongoing emissions in Europe. In order to identify the source regions and to give an estimate of the magnitude of such emissions, we have used a Bayesian inversion method and a point source analysis, based on high-frequency long-term observations at the three European sites. The inversion identified south-eastern France (SEF) as a region with enhanced MCF emissions. This estimate was confirmed by the point source analysis. We performed this analysis using an eleven-year data set, from January 2002 to December 2012. Overall emissions estimated for the European study domain decreased nearly exponentially from 1.1 Gg yr−1 in 2002 to 0.32 Gg yr−1 in 2012, of which the estimated emissions from the SEF region accounted for 0.49 Gg yr−1 in 2002 and 0.20 Gg yr−1 in 2012. The European estimates are a significant fraction of the total semi-hemisphere (30–90° N) emissions, contributing a minimum of 9.8% in 2004 and a maximum of 33.7% in 2011, of which on average 50% are from the SEF region. On the global scale, the SEF region is thus responsible from a minimum of 2.6% (in 2003) to a maximum of 10.3% (in 2009) of the global MCF emissions.