bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Discourse Analysis of the Poster of the Movie Octagonal
Authors: Ai Meiling
Published: April 2024

With the development of multimedia and the Internet, meanings are expressed in diverse forms. A movie poster is a multimodal discourse that integrates text, image, color, composition, and other elements, which not only gives the audience visual aesthetic enjoyment but also conveys the theme of the movie in a highly concise and effective way. Based on the theory of Visual Grammar, this study taking the poster of the recent popular movie Octagonal as the research object, conducted a multimodal discourse analysis on the poster in a qualitative way. It studied the expression of the meaning of the poster from three dimensions, namely representational meaning, interactive meaning and compositional meaning, and explored the role of the design of the poster in conveying the theme of the movie.
An Exploration of Japanese Cultural Dynamics Communication Practices through Social Pragmatics
Authors: Shen Zijun , Bing Pang  , Xiaohui Li  , Yunyi Chen
Published: April 2024

The core findings of the study reveal the fundamental role of collectivism, high-context communication, and hierarchical structure in shaping conversation practices in Japan. Collectivism, a cornerstone of Japanese culture, emphasizes group harmony and consensus, leading to indirect and subtle communication. High-context communication, deeply rooted in Japanese tradition, emphasizes the importance of shared context and implicit conversation cues. These elements, interlaced with a hierarchical social structure, dictate word choices and unspoken aspects of communication. The study also offers practical strategies for individuals and organizations guiding the complex landscape of Japanese communication. The research employed a mixed-methods approach to explore cross-cultural communication dynamics in Japan. The researchers gathered primary data through interviews, surveys, and thematic analysis of case studies. By shedding light on the complicated interlinks between Japanese culture and communication, along with media choice, this work provides valuable insights for those aspiring to bridge cultural gaps and engage successfully in the multifaceted world of Japanese communication.
Dreamscape: gamificando las funciones cognitivas
Authors: Gamboa Rodríguez Patricia Guadalupe , Betanzos Valenzuela Oscar Homero , Moreno Rodríguez Aurora
Published: April 2024

Uno de los desafíos significativos que enfrentan las personas con síndrome de Down es la presencia de debilidades en las funciones cognitivas, que incluyen la memoria, la atención, la resolución de problemas y las habilidades ejecutivas. Estas debilidades cognitivas pueden limitar la capacidad de las personas para participar plenamente en la educación, la vida diaria y la interacción social, y a su vez enfrentar diversos desafíos asociados con las debilidades cognitivas como limitaciones en el aprendizaje, independencia reducida, dificultades en la comunicación, falta de autonomía y desafíos laborales. En muchas fundaciones en las que se asiste a personas con Trisomía 21, la enseñanza se basa en enfoques tradicionales como el método Troncoso, que a menudo se caracteriza por su repetitividad y falta de variedad, lo cual representa una carencia de herramientas efectivas y atractivas para el aprendizaje, lo que puede restringir su desarrollo potencial. Por medio de la herramienta Dreamscape se pretende comprobar el mejoramiento de las funciones cognitivas, de atención y lenguaje, en personas con síndrome de Down. Se basó en un diseño experimental que evaluó el impacto de Dreamscape, donde se aplicaron pruebas con el juego en diferentes ocasiones, evaluando habilidades cognitivas como la atención y el lenguaje. Los sujetos evaluados mostraron mejoras significativas en estas habilidades después de interactuar con los juegos. Este proyecto representa un paso importante hacia la creación de soluciones inclusivas y emocionantes para el desarrollo cognitivo, destacando la gamificación en la educación para la mejora de la salud cognitiva.
Identifying Cross-Cultural Communication Barriers on Global IT Rollout Projects
Authors: Kelemen Zita , Malota Erzsébet , Lendvai Krisztián
Published: April 2024

Numerous studies have been undertaken to investigate the issues long-term expatriates and global leaders managing multicultural teams encounter. However, there has been little research to date on cross-cultural communication challenges in project management, and this is particularly the case where the IT sector and rollout projects are concerned. Our research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cross-cultural communication on IT-related projects by identifying key challenging factors encountered by research participants. The purposive sampling criteria included “multiple years of experience in global IT rollout projects” and “working in multiple countries, including other continents as well”. These criteria stipulated that participants possess a specific kind of experience in multicultural social contexts, based on which we interviewed ten experts. These global professionals come from a variety of cultural backgrounds, and have each worked in three to twelve countries (8.4 on average).An interpretative phenomenological approach was applied, in which the interpretation of participants’ lived experiences was linked to relevant literature: cross-cultural communication and cultural profiles, organisational and national culture models, and cross-cultural project management. Our findings revealed six significant areas that have emerged as key sources of intercultural problems on ERP related IT rollout projects: language, hidden assumptions, work-life balance, confrontation, time management, and apparent lies.The implications and value of our study derive from the lessons learned by the interviewed experts as they are recognised as individuals with valuable information and abilities – developed through significant international experience – that may inform the practice of other project managers similarly working for multinational IT organisations.
Comparison of Labour Absorption Based on Employment Status in the Regencies/Cities of South Sumatra Province
Authors:   Sriwijaya University, Palembang, Indonesia, Heppi Dri , Yunisvita Yunisvita ,   Sriwijaya University, Palembang, Indonesia, Rohima Siti ,   Sriwijaya University, Palembang, Indonesia
Published: April 2024

The labour force is one of the factors of economic growth. At the same time, the discrepancy between the labour supply and the demand for it creates unemployment in the country. This study aims to analyze the difference in labour absorption in the labour status group of agricultural free workers and non-agricultural free workers using the variables that are more dominant in influencing labour absorption in the regencies/cities of South Sumatra Province. The sample was selected based on a multi-stage sample design with a probability method based on the cluster sampling method so that 172 people were obtained consisting of 62 free workers in agriculture and 110 free workers in non-agriculture in the regencies/cities of South Sumatra Province. The analysis technique uses the Chi-Square test and Multiple Regression Analysis based on the F-test and t-test. The independent variables in this study are working hours, marital status, gender, education level and employee's age. The results of the analysis show that there is a difference between the absorption of agricultural and non-agricultural free labour. Simultaneously, the variables of working hours, marital status, gender, education level and age affect the absorption of free agricultural and non-agricultural labour. Partially, only the education level variable has no significant effect on the absorption of free agricultural labour. This is because labour in agriculture is less qualified, and workers without a high level of education can be engaged for their performance. In general, in Indonesia the absorption of agricultural free labour is higher than the absorption of non-agricultural free labour. The most dominant variable affecting the absorption of agricultural free labour is gender, while for non-agricultural free labour is marital status.
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Klinefelter Syndrome: a Description of the Clinical Case
Authors:   International Office, State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russiа, Praskurnichiy E.A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Badykova K.M. ,   International Office, State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russiа, Kitaeva Ju.S. ,   International Office, State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russiа, Lotkova O.N. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: April 2024

Klinefelter syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality among others and is manifested mainly by hypogonadism, gynecomastia, and infertility. Against the background of KS, oncological diseases can develop, more often nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) due to genetic reparations, as well as osteoporosis as a result of androgen deficiency. This article describes a clinical case of a patient with Klinefelter syndrome and the onset of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) in order to assess the risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis in this patient. A patient with previously diagnosed KS went to the doctor complaining of weakness, fatigue, weight loss, local enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes. The patient was diagnosed with NLPHL and standard pathogenetic therapy was performed. Taking into account the presence of risk factors for osteoporosis (the presence of Klinefelter syndrome, HL, chemotherapy), the patient underwent two-energy densitometry in the lumbar spine, neck and proximal femur in order to assess the condition of bone tissue. As a result, a decrease in bone mineral density was found in all measurement areas. This clinical case describes a rather rare combination of three significantly different nosologies. Interestingly, two of them, namely HL and Klinefelter syndrome, contribute to the development of the third through various mechanisms. The presence of a decrease in bone density in this patient necessitates prevention. Despite the rare occurrence of such combined pathologies, the issue of timely diagnosis and prevention of complications from the musculoskeletal system in this category of patients remains relevant today
Hb A2 Reference Limits in Moroccan Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Marzouki Naima , Quiddi Wafa , Rabi Adil , Elouafi Aymane , harkati Imane , Sayagh Sanae
Published: April 2024

HbA2 determination plays a key role in screening programs for hemoglobinopathy and reducing diagnosis mistakes. The normality area for Hb A2 is often wide. It is advisable for each laboratory to validate the State of Hb A2 for local population because low values with microcytosis can indicate deficiency anemia or alpha-thalassemia. However, high level is for beta-thalassemia or other hemoglobin variant. We have performed a prospective study in search of local reference values for hemoglobin A2 and F. We have used the most powerful methods for hemoglobin fractions analysis: Capillary electrophoresis and HPLC. Five hundred healthy transfusion center’s donor interviewed, selected and collected for current study. Genetic analysis show no mutation in alpha and beta-globin gene. Exclusion and inclusion criteria well established and respected. Significant correlation detected (p<0.05) between capillary electrophoresis and HPLC dual program A2/F (D10) after outlier’s exclusion. Local reference limit found here correlate well with interval confidence of sebia and biorad.
Lumbar Multifidus Characteristics in University Level Athletes May be Predictors of Low Back Pain and Lower Limb Injury
Authors: Anstruther Meagan , Valentin Stephanie , Dover Geoffrey , Fortin Maryse
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent in athletes, with decreased lumbar multifidus (LM) crosssectional area (CSA) reported in athletes with LBP and lower limb injury (LLI) as well as decreased LM thickness in athletes with LLI. Previous research has only investigated connections between LM, LBP, and LLI in small samples of athletes in a single sport at a time. This study aimed to (1) examine LM morphology and function across a general sample of male and female university level varsity athletes; (2) investigate whether LM characteristics were predictors of LBP and LLI. Methods: Ultrasound images of LM at L5 were acquired in prone and standing. Body composition was assessed with DEXA and a self-reported questionnaire provided demographics and history of injury. Paired t-tests and independent t-tests compared LM measurements between the sides and sex, respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess possible LM characteristic predictors of LBP and LLI. Results: 134 university varsity athletes were evaluated. LM CSA was larger on the non-dominant side in prone. Increased LM thickness was associated with decreased odds of LBP in the previous 4-week (OR=0.49 [0.27, 0.88], p=0.02) and 3-month (OR=0.43 [0.21, 0.89], p=0.02) in the multivariable model, while a greater number of years playing at the university level was associated with increased odds of LBP (OR=1.29 [1.01, 1.65], p=0.04). Greater LM CSA asymmetry (OR=1.14 [1.01, 1.28], p=0.03) and sport (OR=1.44 [1.04, 1.96], p=0.02) were significant predictors of LLI in the previous 12 months. Conclusion: Leg dominance may play a role in unilateral differences. LM thickness and LM CSA asymmetry were predictors of injury. Preseason screening of LM morphology and function could help identify athletes at risk of LBP and LLI, allowing coaches, medical staff, and training staff to target these individuals and provide specific injury prevention programs.
Analytical Approach for Serviceability Assessment of Prestressed Concrete Girders Consisting of a Precast Beam and a Cast-in-place Slab
Authors: Beteta Cejudo María del Carmen , Albajar Molera Luis , Zanuy Carlos
Published: April 2024

This paper is focused on the assessment of the Serviceability Limit State of bridge girder cross-sections consisting of a precast, prestressed concrete beam and a cast-in-place top slab, which will be referred to as composite concrete sections because of the presence of more than one concrete within the section. Various methodologies for non-composite (i.e., with only one concrete within the section) concrete sections have been proposed by different authors to address the issue of stress assessment and crack control, mostly making use of analytical neutralization methods. In the present study, the neutralization method is extended and adapted to composite sections involving two concretes cast at different times. The proposed method is validated by comparison with a direct calculation method and commercial software. Three scenarios have been analyzed in the paper: midspan sections subjected to positive bending with cracking of the precast beam, sections at support regions of bridge girders subjected to negative bending in which the top slab is uncracked under permanent loads but undergoes cracking with the application of live loads, and sections at support regions in which the top slab is already cracked under permanent loads. Additionally, worked examples from real projects are provided.
Photon Amplification of Thermoelectronic Solar Energy Converters
Authors: Ismanov Yu. , Dzhamankizov N. , Tynyshova T. , Abdulaev A.
Published: April 2024

The work is devoted to a theoretical analysis of the efficiency of a thermionic device with photonic amplification. In analyzing the efficiency of photon-enhanced thermionic devices, two physical effects that were not considered in previous analyzes and their impact on the conversion efficiency of photon-enhanced thermionic devices were considered. The first effect is the influence of alternating voltage on the behavior of thermionic devices with photonic amplification and determining the maximum power value. The effect of charge carrier concentration on the maximum power was assessed using the balance of generation and loss of charge carriers. In this assessment, the assumption was made that the carrier concentration, temperature, and electrostatic potential are the same throughout the cathode. The effects of the negative space charge region were neglected. The assessment also assumed that the reverse current in the direction from the anode to the cathode affects the electron concentration in the conduction band. An expression for the efficiency of thermionic devices with photonic amplification is obtained and is determined as a function of the maximum operating voltage, cathode emission current and reverse anode current. The second important effect considered in the analysis is the thermal balance of the cathode. To account for this effect, a cathode configuration was considered in which the cathode is thermally isolated, i.e., there are no additional opportunities for heat removal from the cathode. This made it possible, based on the thermal balance, to determine the cathode temperature for a given input radiation flux and a given electrical operating point. It is shown that to determine the real efficiency under arbitrary operating conditions, the calculation of the electrical operating point must be carried out simultaneously with the cathode energy balance.
Development of a Patient Registration Information System for a Regional Medical Center
Authors: Mamazhakypova G. , Atakhanov S.
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the structures and interface of the information system of a regional medical center. This system is designed to automate the flow of information and for the interaction of departments of a medical center, which allows reducing the costs of carrying out preventive measures, recording patient registration and accounting, financial and administrative information. The client part of the information system is implemented in the Embarcadero Rad Studio environment using a database management system (DBMS).
Intelligent Carabiner as a Modern Means of Protection During the Construction of Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Gudoshnik E. , Dorovskikh V. , Filippova K.
Published: April 2024

In the modern world, it is important for each employer to preserve the health and life of the worker. There are many occupational safety measures that take into account the reduction of injuries, the order and discipline of workers. In this article, we analyze the accidents that occur during the construction of nuclear power plants. We consider the possibility of using alternative personal protective equipment for a NPP employee at high-rise work.
Trends and Prospects for the Development of Housing Construction in Uzbekistan
Authors: Davletov I. , Zikrullaev V. , Khalilov R.
Published: April 2024

Special attention is paid to housing construction and its operation in Uzbekistan. In recent years, the head of state and government have adopted several decrees and resolutions. The dynamics of housing commissioning indicators and the provision of housing for the population are analyzed. Forecast indicators for the commissioning of housing and growth of the housing stock until 2030 have been developed.
The Formation and Development of Legislative Initiative in the Kyrgyz Republic and the Peculiarities of the use of Terms in the Text
Authors: Urmatova A. , Zhunushaliev Ch.
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the main stages, trends and features of the development of the legislative system of the Kyrgyz Republic. The fundamental works of scientists on the problems of transitional law are analyzed. The influence of the norms of Kyrgyz customary law on the modern system of legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic is studied. The practical problems of the development of the legislative system of the Kyrgyz Republic are considered. The article analyzes lawmaking as an element of state activity in the field of law education, stages of the legislative process, various approaches to determining the right of legislative initiative in the Kyrgyz Republic.
New Pedagogical Technologies in Teaching the Russian Language
Authors: Khasanov N. , Shamshieva S.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the issues of new pedagogical technologies, in particular the use of interactive teaching methods in Russian language classes. Interactive learning technologies involve interaction. Interactivity as interaction with something or someone has different meanings. In pedagogy, interactivity is defined as a method of joint learning activity, the participants of which interact with each other, simulating various situations, solving problems, developing projects, and evaluating the results of collective knowledge. The authors give the advantages and disadvantages of this method in teaching the Russian language.
Ben Jonson on Father Thomas Wright
Authors: Lenthe Victor
Published: April 2024

This article reassesses Ben Jonson's relationship to the Roman-Catholic priest and missionary Thomas Wright (c. 1561–1623). Wright plays two roles in critical accounts of Jonson's life and works: first as the spiritual mentor who probably worked Jonson's conversion in 1598, second as the dedicatee of one of Jonson's only six extant sonnets. My article applies literary analysis to the sonnet Jonson wrote for Wright in order to show that it signals negative feelings for the priest. This recognition is important to Jonson studies for two reasons. It contributes the first extended literary analysis of an artful poem by Jonson. In addition, it raises questions about the tendency of much recent scholarship to explain various aspects of Jonson's life and works by reference to his religion. In contrast to this recent religious turn stands an older narrative about Jonson as a secular individualist largely indifferent to the supernatural. By revealing Jonson to be struggling against a figure central to his spiritual biography, I suggest a middle ground between these two narratives in which the secularizing aspects of Jonson's thought are enmeshed with, rather than opposed to, the religious aspects emphasized by recent scholarship.
Application of remote methods for the investigation of historical and cultural heritage objects
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, CHETVERIKOV B. , HLOTOV V. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: April 2024

Objective. The aim of the study is to propose combinations of remote research methods for objects of historical and cultural heritage in conjunction with non-invasive ground-based investigations. The study includes testing the proposed methods on various plane objects of historical and cultural heritage. Methodology. To achieve the set goal, a list of remote and non-invasive ground-based methods for comprehensive investigation of historical and cultural heritage objects was proposed. Remote methods include: satellite optical-electronic imaging, satellite radar imaging, aerial imaging (from manned aircraft and UAVs), laser scanning (terrestrial and aerial LiDAR imaging). Non-invasive ground-based research methods encompass: ground-penetrating radar imaging, ground electromagnetic tomography, ground metal detection studies. Additionally, a cartometric method was proposed as a supplementary technique. Results. The research presents graphical materials and plans resulting from investigations on fraternal burials in Brukhovychi near Lviv, fraternal burials in Nityshyn village, results of the Lviv Citadel and concentration camps research. Various types of plane historical and cultural heritage objects such as fraternal graves, defensive structure ensembles, concentration camps were chosen for the research to demonstrate how comprehensive investigations of different combinations of remote and non-invasive ground-based methods work on different objects. From the proposed general list of methods, the following were used in the research and their combinations: satellite optical-electronic imaging, satellite radar imaging, aerial imaging from manned aircraft (archival), ground-penetrating radar imaging, cartometric method. Practical Value. The application of remote methods for researching historical and cultural heritage objects has numerous practical advantages. Remote and non-invasive methods allow gathering data about objects without direct physical impact on them, crucial for objects requiring careful conservation. These methods facilitate creating virtual tours and archives, making cultural heritage information accessible to a wider audience regardless of their location. Some objects may be in remote or restricted areas; using drones, satellite imagery, and other methods allows investigating them safely and effectively. Analyzing changes in object appearance over time, identifying potential threats to them, aids in taking measures for their preservation and restoration.
The application of Raman spectroscopy for the diagnosis and monitoring of lung tumors
Authors: Miao Yuyang , Wu Lihong , Qiang Junlian , Qi Jinfeng , Li Ying , Li Ruihua , Kong Xiaodong , Zhang Qiang
Published: April 2024

Raman spectroscopy is an optical technique that uses inelastic light scattering in response to vibrating molecules to produce chemical fingerprints of tissues, cells, and biofluids. Raman spectroscopy strategies produce high levels of chemical specificity without requiring extensive sample preparation, allowing for the use of advanced optical tools such as microscopes, fiber optics, and lasers that operate in the visible and near-infrared spectral range, making them increasingly suitable for a wide range of medical diagnostic applications. Metal nanoparticles and nonlinear optical effects can improve Raman signals, and optimized fiber optic Raman probes can make real-time, in vivo, single-point observations. Furthermore, diagnostic speed and spatial accuracy can be improved through the multimodal integration of Raman measurements and other technologies. Recent studies have significantly contributed to the improvement of diagnostic speed and accuracy, making them suitable for clinical application. Lung cancer is a prevalent type of respiratory malignancy. However, the use of computed tomography for detection and screening frequently reveals numerous smaller lung nodules, which makes the diagnostic process more challenging from a clinical perspective. While the majority of small nodules detected are benign, there are currently no direct methods for identifying which nodules represent very early-stage lung cancer. Positron emission tomography and other auxiliary diagnostic methods for non-surgical biopsy samples from these small nodules yield low detection rates, which might result in significant expenses and the possibility of complications for patients. While certain subsets of patients can undergo curative treatment, other individuals have a less favorable prognosis and need alternative therapeutic interventions. With the emergence of new methods for treating cancer, such as immunotherapies, which can potentially extend patient survival and even lead to a complete cure in certain instances, it is crucial to determine the most suitable biomarkers and metrics for assessing the effectiveness of these novel compounds. This will ensure that significant treatment outcomes are accurately measured. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the prospects of Raman spectroscopy and its applications in the diagnosis and analysis of lung tumors.
Cardiac fibroblasts in heart failure and regeneration
Authors: Harrington Alenca , Moore-Morris Thomas
Published: April 2024

In heart disease patients, myocyte loss or malfunction invariably leads to fibrosis, involving the activation and accumulation of cardiac fibroblasts that deposit large amounts of extracellular matrix. Apart from the vital replacement fibrosis that follows myocardial infarction, ensuring structural integrity of the heart, cardiac fibrosis is largely considered to be maladaptive. Much work has focused on signaling pathways driving the fibrotic response, including TGF-β signaling and biomechanical strain. However, currently there are very limited options for reducing cardiac fibrosis, with most patients suffering from chronic fibrosis. The adult heart has very limited regenerative capacity. However, cardiac regeneration has been reported in humans perinatally, and reproduced experimentally in neonatal mice. Furthermore, model organisms such as the zebrafish are able to fully regenerate their hearts following massive cardiac damage into adulthood. Increasing evidence points to a transient immuno-fibrotic response as being key for cardiac regeneration to occur. The mechanisms at play in this context are changing our views on fibrosis, and could be leveraged to promote beneficial remodeling in heart failure patients. This review summarizes our current knowledge of fibroblast properties associated with the healthy, failing or regenerating heart. Furthermore, we explore how cardiac fibroblast activity could be targeted to assist future therapeutic approaches.
Fragment-based drug discovery for disorders of the central nervous system: designing better drugs piece by piece
Authors: Chan Bill W. G. L. , Lynch Nicholas B. , Tran Wendy , Joyce Jack M. , Savage G. Paul , Meutermans Wim , Montgomery Andrew P. , Kassiou Michael
Published: April 2024

Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) has emerged as a powerful strategy to confront the challenges faced by conventional drug development approaches, particularly in the context of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. FBDD involves the screening of libraries that comprise thousands of small molecular fragments, each no greater than 300 Da in size. Unlike the generally larger molecules from high-throughput screening that limit customisation, fragments offer a more strategic starting point. These fragments are inherently compact, providing a strong foundation with good binding affinity for the development of drug candidates. The minimal elaboration required to transition the hit into a drug-like molecule is not only accelerated, but also it allows for precise modifications to enhance both their activity and pharmacokinetic properties. This shift towards a fragment-centric approach has seen commercial success and holds considerable promise in the continued streamlining of the drug discovery and development process. In this review, we highlight how FBDD can be integrated into the CNS drug discovery process to enhance the exploration of a target. Furthermore, we provide recent examples where FBDD has been an integral component in CNS drug discovery programs, enabling the improvement of pharmacokinetic properties that have previously proven challenging. The FBDD optimisation process provides a systematic approach to explore this vast chemical space, facilitating the discovery and design of compounds piece by piece that are capable of modulating crucial CNS targets.
Natural products in atherosclerosis therapy by targeting PPARs: a review focusing on lipid metabolism and inflammation
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhang Xue-Ying , Shi Shan-Rui , Ma Chao-Nan , Lin Yun-Peng , Song Wen-Gang , Guo Shou-Dong
Published: April 2024

Inflammation and dyslipidemia are critical inducing factors of atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors and control the expression of multiple genes that are involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses. However, synthesized PPAR agonists exhibit contrary therapeutic effects and various side effects in atherosclerosis therapy. Natural products are structural diversity and have a good safety. Recent studies find that natural herbs and compounds exhibit attractive therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis by alleviating hyperlipidemia and inflammation through modulation of PPARs. Importantly, the preparation of natural products generally causes significantly lower environmental pollution compared to that of synthesized chemical compounds. Therefore, it is interesting to discover novel PPAR modulator and develop alternative strategies for atherosclerosis therapy based on natural herbs and compounds. This article reviews recent findings, mainly from the year of 2020 to present, about the roles of natural herbs and compounds in regulation of PPARs and their therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis. This article provides alternative strategies and theoretical basis for atherosclerosis therapy using natural herbs and compounds by targeting PPARs, and offers valuable information for researchers that are interested in developing novel PPAR modulators.
Physical education students’ reflections about the learning outcomes of different teaching methods: a mixed methods study
Authors: Sørensen Arne , Lagestad Pål
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Teaching in higher education is still mainly executed as lectures, even though research about student-active instruction methods points to more motivated students, higher enjoyment, and more optimal learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to obtain better insight into how physical education (PE) students assessed their learning outcomes in relation to the use of different pedagogical approaches.

Methods

A master’s course in PE was planned and implemented using the following eight different learning approaches: lectures; practical exercises about themes in lectures; discussions during lectures; discussions outside of lectures; planning and exercises for peer students; individual work preparing to write an academic text; individual work writing the academic text; and reading for an exam. The study constituted a mixed methods study, which used quantitative data from students’ evaluation of eight different learning approaches on a Likert-type scale, and in-depth qualitative data from follow-up interviews with some of the same students, with the aim of explaining the main findings. Quantitative data about the students’ reflections on the learning outcomes of the different learning approaches were collected among 59 different students at three different times (2021, 2022, and 2023), after finishing a course in the fifth semester in a master’s program in PE.

Results

The findings showed that the students reported achieving the highest learning outcomes from practical exercises and attaining the lowest learning outcomes from lectures. In depth interviews among seven randomly selected students were also used to obtain reflections from the students about the different learning approaches. Quantitative analyses again revealed that practical exercises produced the highest learning outcomes, while lectures resulted in the lowest learning outcomes. Qualitative analyses of the in-depth interviews indicated that practical activities enabled students to relate theory to practice, make them active, and are associated with future work, while the quality of lectures depended on characteristics of the teacher and were often experienced as long and unstimulating.

Discussion

According to the results, we recommend that student teachers in higher education acquire the ability to plan and execute practical lessons in relation to themes focused upon in lectures and involve students more in discussions during lectures.
Unveiling the roles of Sertoli cells lineage differentiation in reproductive development and disorders: a review
Authors: Gao Yang , Wang Zican , Long Yue , Yang Lici , Jiang Yongjian , Ding Dongyu , Teng Baojian , Chen Min , Yuan Jinxiang , Gao Fei
Published: April 2024

In mammals, gonadal somatic cell lineage differentiation determines the development of the bipotential gonad into either the ovary or testis. Sertoli cells, the only somatic cells in the spermatogenic tubules, support spermatogenesis during gonadal development. During embryonic Sertoli cell lineage differentiation, relevant genes, including WT1, GATA4, SRY, SOX9, AMH, PTGDS, SF1, and DMRT1, are expressed at specific times and in specific locations to ensure the correct differentiation of the embryo toward the male phenotype. The dysregulated development of Sertoli cells leads to gonadal malformations and male fertility disorders. Nevertheless, the molecular pathways underlying the embryonic origin of Sertoli cells remain elusive. By reviewing recent advances in research on embryonic Sertoli cell genesis and its key regulators, this review provides novel insights into sex determination in male mammals as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying the genealogical differentiation of Sertoli cells in the male reproductive ridge.
Serotonin system in tunicates: insight from morphological and molecular approaches
Authors: Pennati Roberta , Blumer Giorgio , Mercurio Silvia , Scarì Giorgio
Published: April 2024

Serotonin (5 hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a biogenic amine of ancient origin that is widespread among animals. It plays multiple roles during development and in adults as neurotransmitter at synaptic level and neuro hormone controlling complex behaviors in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Tunicates occupy a key phylogenetic position to understand the evolution of serotonin functions since they are the sister group of vertebrates. The presence of serotonin in tunicates was first reported in adults of the ascidian Ciona robusta (formerly Ciona intestinalis) in the 1946. Since then, serotonin systems have been in many tunicate species and its functions during embryogenesis and metamorphosis explored. We reviewed the current knowledge about serotonin in these animals first by comparing its presence and localization in larvae and adults of different species. Then, we focused on the model organism Ciona for which data regarding sequences and expression patterns of genes involved in serotonin synthesis and function have been reported. Overall, we provided a comprehensive overview of serotonergic machinery in tunicates and gave hints for future studies in this field.
Identification of common genes and pathways between type 2 diabetes and COVID-19
Authors: Wang Ya , Li Kai , Mo Shuangyang , Yao Peishan , Zeng Jiaxing , Lu Shunyu , Qin Shanyu
Published: April 2024

Background:

Numerous studies have reported a high incidence and risk of severe illness due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). COVID-19 patients may experience elevated or decreased blood sugar levels and may even develop diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms linking these two diseases remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the common genes and pathways between T2DM and COVID-19.

Methods:

Two public datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE95849 and GSE164805) were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in blood between people with and without T2DM and COVID-19. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on the common DEGs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify common genes, and their diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Validation was performed on the GSE213313 and GSE15932 datasets. A gene co-expression network was constructed using the GeneMANIA database to explore interactions among core DEGs and their co-expressed genes. Finally, a microRNA (miRNA)-transcription factor (TF)-messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory network was constructed based on the common feature genes.

Results:

In the GSE95849 and GSE164805 datasets, 81 upregulated genes and 140 downregulated genes were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that these DEGs were closely related to the negative regulation of phosphate metabolic processes, the positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division, T-cell co-stimulation, and lymphocyte co-stimulation. Four upregulated common genes (DHX15, USP14, COPS3, TYK2) and one downregulated common feature gene (RIOK2) were identified and showed good diagnostic accuracy for T2DM and COVID-19. The AUC values of DHX15, USP14, COPS3, TYK2, and RIOK2 in T2DM diagnosis were 0.931, 0.917, 0.986, 0.903, and 0.917, respectively. In COVID-19 diagnosis, the AUC values were 0.960, 0.860, 1.0, 0.9, and 0.90, respectively. Validation in the GSE213313 and GSE15932 datasets confirmed these results. The miRNA-TF-mRNA regulatory network showed that TYH2 was targeted by PITX1, PITX2, CRX, NFYA, SREBF1, RELB, NR1L2, and CEBP, whereas miR-124-3p regulates THK2, RIOK2, and USP14.

Conclusion:

We identified five common feature genes (DHX15, USP14, COPS3, TYK2, and RIOK2) and their co-regulatory pathways between T2DM and COVID-19, which may provide new insights for further molecular mechanism studies.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related gene expression causes the progression of dilated cardiomyopathy by inducing apoptosis
Authors: Chen Jinhao , Yang Xu , Li Weiwen , Lin Ying , Lin Run , Cai Xianzhen , Yan Baoxin , Xie Bin , Li Jilin
Published: April 2024

Background: Previous studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) -induced apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the molecular mechanism involved has not been fully characterized.

Results: In total, eight genes were obtained at the intersection of 1,068 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from differential expression analysis between DCM and healthy control (HC) samples, 320 module genes from weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and 2,009 endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERGs). These eight genes were found to be associated with immunity and angiogenesis. Four of these genes were related to apoptosis. The upregulation of MX1 may represent an autocompensatory response to DCM caused by a virus that inhibits viral RNA and DNA synthesis, while acting as an autoimmune antigen and inducing apoptosis. The upregulation of TESPA1 would lead to the dysfunction of calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum. The upregulation of THBS4 would affect macrophage differentiation and apoptosis, consistent with inflammation and fibrosis of cardiomyocytes in DCM. The downregulation of MYH6 would lead to dysfunction of the sarcomere, further explaining cardiac remodeling in DCM. Moreover, the expression of genes affecting the immune micro-environment was significantly altered, including TGF-β family member. Analysis of the co-expression and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network identified XIST, which competitively binds seven target microRNAs (miRNAs) and regulates MX1 and THBS4 expression. Finally, bisphenol A and valproic acid were found to target MX1, MYH6, and THBS4.

Conclusion: We have identified four ERS-related genes (MX1, MYH6, TESPA1, and THBS4) that are dysregulated in DCM and related to apoptosis. This finding should help deepen understanding of the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in the development of DCM.
Associations of serum vitamin B6 status with the risks of cardiovascular, cancer, and all-cause mortality in the elderly
Authors: Wang Pengxi , Huang Jia , Xue Feng , Abuduaini Munire , Tao Yuchang , Liu Hongyan
Published: April 2024

Background

There are few studies investigating the relationship between serum vitamin B6 and mortality risk in the elderly. This study hereby evaluated the associations between biomarkers of serum vitamin B6 status and cardiovascular, cancer, and all-cause mortality risks in the elderly.

Methods

Our study included a total of 4,881 participants aged 60 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2010. Serum vitamin B6 status was estimated based on levels of pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP), 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA), and vitamin B6 turnover rate (4-PA/PLP) detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Survival status and corresponding causes of death were matched through the National Death Index records through December 31, 2019. Multivariate Cox regression model was adopted to assess the relationships between serum vitamin B6 status and the risk of mortality.

Results

During a median follow-up period of 10.33 years, 507 cardiovascular deaths, 426 cancer deaths, and 1995 all-cause deaths were recorded, respectively. In the multivariate-adjusted Cox model, the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest versus the lowest quartiles of PLP, 4-PA, and 4-PA/PLP were 0.70(0.54-0.90), 1.33(0.88-2.02), and 2.01(1.41-2.79) for cardiovascular mortality, 0.73(0.52-1.02), 1.05(0.71-1.57), and 1.95(1.25-3.05) for cancer mortality, and 0.62(0.53-0.74), 1.05(0.82-1.34), and 2.29(1.87-2.79) for all-cause mortality, respectively.

Conclusion

Our study found that lower serum PLP levels were associated with increased risks of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality among the elderly population. And higher vitamin B6 turnover rate was associated with increased risks of cardiovascular, cancer, and all-cause mortality.
Exploring causal correlations between inflammatory cytokines and knee osteoarthritis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization
Authors: Zhang Jiayu , Li Kexuan , Qiu Xiuyue
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and certain inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin 1 [IL-1] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-a]) are related; however, the causal relationship remains unclear. Here, we aimed to assess the causal relationship between 41 inflammatory cytokines and KOA using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

Two-sample bidirectional MR was performed using genetic variation data for 41 inflammatory cytokines that were obtained from European Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) data (n=8293). KOA-related genetic association data were also obtained from European GWAS data (n=40,3124). Inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR, heterogeneity, sensitivity, and multiple validation analyses were performed.

Results

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF-3) levels were negatively associated with the risk of developing KOA (OR: 0.93, 95%CI:0.89–0.99, P=0.015). Additionally, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1A/CCL3) was a consequence of KOA (OR: 0.72, 95%CI:0.54–0.97, P=0.032). No causal relationship was evident between other inflammatory cytokines and KOA development.

Conclusion

This study suggests that certain inflammatory cytokines may be associated with KOA etiology. G-CSF exerts an upstream influence on KOA development, whereas MIP-1A (CCL-3) acts as a downstream factor.
Aberrant CD8+T cells drive reproductive dysfunction in female mice with elevated IFN-γ levels
Authors: Bafor Enitome E. , Erwin-Cohen Rebecca A. , Martin Toni , Baker Clayton , Kimmel Adrienne E. , Duverger Olivier , Fenimore John M. , Ramba Meredith , Spindel Thea , Hess Megan M. , Sanford Michael , Lazarevic Vanja , Benayoun Bérénice A. , Young Howard A. , Valencia Julio C.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is pivotal in orchestrating immune responses during healthy pregnancy. However, its dysregulation, often due to autoimmunity, infections, or chronic inflammatory conditions, is implicated in adverse reproductive outcomes such as pregnancy failure or infertility. Additionally, the underlying immunological mechanisms remain elusive.

Methods

Here, we explore the impact of systemic IFN-γ elevation on cytotoxic T cell responses in female reproduction utilizing a systemic lupus-prone mouse model with impaired IFN-γ degradation.

Results

Our findings reveal that heightened IFN-γ levels triggered the infiltration of CD8+T cells in the pituitary gland and female reproductive tract (FRT), resulting in prolactin deficiency and subsequent infertility. Furthermore, we demonstrate that chronic IFN-γ elevation increases effector memory CD8+T cells in the murine ovary and uterus.

Discussion

These insights broaden our understanding of the role of elevated IFN-γ in female reproductive dysfunction and suggest CD8+T cells as potential immunotherapeutic targets in female reproductive disorders associated with chronic systemic IFN-γ elevation.