bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Height Prediction Based on the Lengths of Ulna and Tibia in an Iranian Population
Authors: Mokhtari Shiva , Hajiahmadi Mahmoud , Esmaili Haleh , Ghadimi Reza
Published: August 2021

Background: Height is an important factor for medical, nutrition, and forensic sciences; nevertheless, measuring proves to be a challenging task in some cases. In this respect, an alternative immediate, accurate, and possible anthropometric evaluation is needed. Objectives: This study was set to find a proper formula to estimate height from the lengths of the ulna and tibia in Iranian adults. Methods: A total of 500 healthy males and females aged 20 - 40 years were randomly selected from the volunteers’ pool for this cross-sectional study. Ulna and tibia lengths and standing heights were measured according to standard protocols. Ulna and tibia lengths were applied to find a reliable equation to predict stature accurately. Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS version 17 using regression, curve estimation, and linear model. Results: The mean (SD) heights of male and female participants were 176.45 (11.98) cm and 161.29 (10.11) cm, respectively, while the right and left ulna and the right and left tibia were 29.05 (1.63) cm, 29.03 (1.44) cm, 38.86 (1.33) cm, and 38.88 (1.25) cm, respectively. The correlation coefficients of r2 = 0.80 and r2 = 0.69 for males and females participants’ right ulna, respectively, showed a significant correlation with height. Hence, the new formula provided reliable results for stature estimation for northern Iran subgroups. Conclusions: Equations based based on right ulna length are more reliable and accurate for height prediction in both genders. It should be considered that these equations could be different among ethnically diverse populations, even in the northern Iranian population.
Relaxation Effects of Aromatherapy Intervention on Female and Male Anxiety: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Eslami Jamshid , Ebrahimi Abed , Darvishi Isan , Momeni Khadijeh , Akbarzadeh Marzieh
Published: August 2021

Background: The control or reduction of anxiety before surgery is one of the most important components of preoperative care. The question is whether anxiety differs in male and female candidates for surgery. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of aromatherapy with Citrus aurantium on anxiety in men and women candidates for surgery. Methods: This single-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 60 patients and controlled by placebo. The patients were divided into 30 subjects in the control group and 30 subjects in the aromatherapy group (inhaling C. aurantium essential oil). The patients completed the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory before and after the intervention. After collecting information, the questionnaire information was analyzed using SPSS software (version 16). Results: After aromatherapy, 20% of men had mild state and trait anxiety. Moreover, 80% of men had relatively mild state and trait anxiety. In the group of women, 20% of the cases had mild state and trait anxiety. Furthermore, 73.3% of women had relatively mild state and trait anxiety. Additionally, 6.7% of women had relatively severe anxiety. Anxiety reduced after the intervention among men and women (P < 0.001). In addition, the severity of anxiety among women in the control group increased after placebo intervention (P < 0.05). Moreover, the effect of C. aurantium aroma was further observed in women than men; however, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that inhaling the C. aurantium aroma reduces anxiety in patients. Aromatherapy also has the potential to be replaced by chemical drugs due to fewer side effects and risks, and cost-effectiveness.
Benedict de Spinoza’s Virtue
Authors: Ogbujah Columbus N. ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2021

Benedict de Spinoza (1632–1677) was about the most radical of the early modern philosophers who developed a unique metaphysics that inspired an intriguing moral philosophy, fusing insights from ancient Stoicism, Cartesian metaphysics, Hobbes and medieval Jewish rationalism. While helping to ground the Enlightenment, Spinoza’s thoughts, against the intellectual mood of the time, divorced transcendence from divinity, equating God with nature. His extremely naturalistic views of reality constructed an ethical structure that links the control of human passion to virtue and happiness. By denying objective significance to things aside from human desires and beliefs, he is considered an anti-realist; and by endorsing a vision of reality according to which everyone ought to seek their own advantage, he is branded ethical egoist. This essay identified the varying influences of Spinoza’s moral anti-realism and ethical egoism on post-modernist thinkers who decried the “naïve faith” in objective and absolute truth, but rather propagated perspective relativity of reality. It recognized that modern valorization of ethical relativism, which in certain respects, detracts from the core values of the Enlightenment, has its seminal roots in his works.
Philosophy and Theological Rationalism
Authors: Tănăsescu Gabriela ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2021

The paper aims to circumscribe, through a specific history of ideas approach, the relevance of Benedict Spinoza’s theological rationalism to the major debate which generated the Early Enlightenment, the radical conception on the new status of philosophy in relation to theology, on libertas philosophandi and rational philosophizing. The main lines of Spinoza’s theological rationalism are sustained as being inspired and encouraged by Hobbes’ “negative theology,” the only theology considered consonant with the “true philosophy.” The paper also indicates the originality of Spinoza’s theological criticism and the reasons under which Hobbes—despite the radicalism of his biblical interpretation and of his thesis of separating the philosophy (natural science) from theology—Hobbes enjoyed an attenuated critical reception compared to that one applied to Spinoza and the “acute” tone of which was set by Leibniz.
Stop Mare Mortum y el movimiento de solidaridad con las personas refugiadas en Barcelona
Authors: Alcalde Villacampa Javier , Portos García Martín
Published: September 2021

Durante el largo verano migratorio de 2015 aumentaba de un modo dramático el nivel de conciencia ciudadana y activismo en Barcelona. En la primavera de 2016, cada día tenían lugar eventos de protesta en solidaridad con las personas refugiadas , promovidos por un amplio espectro de grupos locales, asociaciones y redes. En tanto, un cambio en el gobierno local erigía a una otrora activista social como alcaldesa, asumiendo el tema de las personas refugiadas como una prioridad política. Basado en una serie de entrevistas en profundidad con activistas clave, este artículo presenta, mapea y estudia la evolución de las redes activistas locales. Buscando arrojar luz sobre las dinámicas de meso-movilización, analizamos la plataforma Stop Mare Mortum (SMM). Con un alto nivel de politización y centrándose en las personas refugiadas en tránsito, esta iniciativa nacida de una pequeña red de círculos activistas creció hasta convertirse en una plataforma paraguas con gran capacidad para coordinar iniciativas de la sociedad civil. Junto con una combinación única de emociones y marcos de movilización, la habilidad de SMM para adaptar sus estrategias, repertorios de acción y estructuras organizativas a un contexto cambiante explican su capacidad de movilización y el carácter transversal de sus bases.
The 2015 long summer of migration has increased dramatically the level of citizen awareness and activism in Barcelona. In Spring 2016 a number of protest events in solidarity with refugees were taking place on a daily basis, promoted by a broad range of local groups, associations and networks. In the meantime, a change of government brought a social activist as the new mayor of the city, with the refugees' issue as a top political priority. Based on a number of in-depth interviews with key activists, this article presents, maps and studies the evolution of the local networks. Aiming at shedding light on meso-level mobilization dynamics, we zoom into Stop Mare Mortum. With a high level of politicization and focusing on refugees in transit, this initiative borne out of a small network of activists has gradually become an umbrella platform aiming to coordinate civil society initiatives within this field. Together with a unique combination emotions and frames for mobilization, SMM’s ability to adapt its strategies, repertoires of action and organizational structures to a changing environment explains its mobilization capacity and the cross-cut nature of its constituency.
Mecanismos y dinámicas del trabajo en las plataformas digitales: los casos de Airbnb y de las plataformas de reparto
Authors: Fernández-Trujillo Moares Francisco José , Gil García Javier
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo analiza las formas de trabajo y de modos de producción que configuran las plataformas digitales. Se plantea que en estas pueden emerger distintas formas de trabajo, pero que todas ellas responden a las transformaciones del neoliberalismo contemporáneo. Las formas en las que se dan sus configuraciones y las de sus procesos productivos, impulsan nuevas formas laborales y de producción que rompen con los modelos estándar para generar nuevas vías de producir plusvalías. El artículo se centra en los casos de Airbnb y diversas plataformas de reparto de comida y mensajería. Alguna de las características que se observan es que se trata de un tipo de trabajo invisibilizado, empresarial, que surge sobre lo reproductivo, que se articula sobre tiempo de trabajo no pagado, que impulsa dinámicas de individualización y aislamiento en el desarrollo de esta actividad o que genera una paradójica relación entre la sensación de autonomía y libertad como autónomos contrapuesta a un fuerte despliegue de mecanismos de control y organización del trabajo. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se han realizado entrevistas abiertas semi-estructuradas a anfitriones de Airbnb y repartidores de Deliveroo, Glovo, Uber Eats y Stuart.
The present paper analyses the ways of working and modes of production that configure digital platforms. It argues that different forms of work can emerge in these, but that all of them respond to the transformations of contemporary neoliberalism. The forms in which their configurations and those of their productive processes are given, promote new forms of work and production that break with the standard models to generate new ways of producing surplus value. The paper focuses on the cases of Airbnb and various food delivery and messenger platforms. Some of the characteristics that can be observed are that it is a type of invisible, entrepreneurial work that arises from the reproductive aspect, that is articulated on the basis of unpaid work time, that promotes dynamics of individualization and isolation in the development of this activity or that generates a paradoxical relationship between the feelings of autonomy and freedom as self-employed workers as opposed to a strong deployment of mechanisms of control and organization of work. In order to carry out this research, open semi-structured interviews were conducted with Airbnb hosts and Deliveroo, Glovo, Uber Eats and Stuart deliverers.
Implicações e desdobramentos de uma direção compartilhada
Authors: Neris Elisabete de Paula de Lemos , Berselli Marcia
Published: September 2021

Dentre muitas possibilidades abertas pelo modo de organização das e dos artistas em um processo de criação colaborativo, observa-se o desafio de desenvolver uma encenação compartilhando a função de encenadora. O presente trabalho propõe analisar um exercício criativo desenvolvido em componentes curriculares em contexto universitário, problematizando atravessamentos observados em um processo colaborativo dirigido por três encenadoras. Diante de uma encenação compartilhada, são apresentadas considerações sobre o fazer da encenadora destacando as implicações e possibilidades que a função partilhada pode revelar. Como aparato teórico há uma aproximação aos estudos de Fagundes (2009, 2016) e Fischer (2003), dentre outros autores e autoras, para aprofundar as relações sobre aspectos poéticos, éticos e políticos do fazer da encenadora.
Por uma educação musical crítica frente ao consumo e à alienação
Authors: Pereira Eliton Perpetuo Rosa , Pereira André Bernardes , Costa Cristiano Aparecido da
Published: September 2021

O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é compreender como a teoria crítica contribui para pensarmos uma educação musical mais reflexiva e resistente frente ao consumo e à alienação. Temos por base algumas teorias de resistência à influência da indústria cultural e a busca por uma formação musical em consonância com ideários de uma sociedade mais autônoma. Tendo por fundamentos os estudos de Theodor Adorno, e outros autores ligados à Teoria Crítica, procuramos contemplar a proposta de compreender a relação entre música e consumo. Desse modo, foi realizada uma pesquisa de opinião com docentes e estudantes de música de uma instituição de ensino superior para demonstrar pontos relativos ao consumo e à formação humana nas aulas de música. A análise qualitativa dos dados dessa pesquisa foi embasada nas seguintes categorias: consumo, alienação e resistência à indústria cultural. Destarte, procuramos compreender como os elementos de uma formação crítica podem contribuir para pensarmos uma educação musical mais reflexiva e resistente frente ao consumo e alienação.
To sider af et spejlhav, adskilt fra hinanden af et fælles sprog? Kroppen i narrativ antropologi og videnskabelig medicin
Authors: Frankenberg Ronald
Published: September 2021

This paper addresses the vexed question of the intellectual relationships between physicians and medical anthropologists sometimes incorporated in the same body. It suggests that they are more divided than they think because neither side always recognises that the former are, by definition, required to be pragmatic and the latter, analytical. They are less divided than they think because both groups have recently moved towards focusing their study on the body; physicians rather than just on the diseased part, anthropologists instead of on reified, but disembodied, culture. The new developments, however, may lead to the concealing and reinforcing of a deeper division based on their diverse ways of seeing the body. They use each other as mirrors and, as through a glass darkly, see themselves as the despised other, and others as an esteemed self.
Dignose og behandling i en nepalesisk landsby
Authors: Poulsen Hans-Christian Køie
Published: September 2021

According to statistics, the health of the Nepalese population has improved. This progress is described by the authorised health sector as a result of its efforts. It is just as likely that self-medication with bio-medical drugs could have had a quite substantial effect. Though the rural population today willingly integrates bio-medical drugs into their sickness related practice, it does not necessary lead to adjustment of their hitherto held beliefs and practices. On the contrary, the new medicine is used very much in accordance with the already existing ideas. For the rural population most illness cases have their course beyond the frame of reference normally accepted within Western natural science discourse. The majority of illness cases is thought to be caused by the influence of various invisible harmful agents. It is thus not surprising that the villagers mainly direct their attention towards these. The treatment of physical symptoms is usually considered to be of lesser importance.
Kropssprog? Om kropsbilleder i en klinik for integreret medicin i København
Authors: Nielsen Jette Jul
Published: September 2021

In the article the integration of different healers in a centre of integrated medicine is described through an analysis of body images used by the healers in their communication. The images often had the form of metaphors - the body as a “container”, disease as “strain”, intuition “sensing”. The metaphors are interpreted so as to show the different functions in the centre. Some of the metaphors seem to mediate between differing views of the nature of disease, healing and the functions of the body. For instance, the disease as “strain” metaphor allowed healers of different opinions of the bodily structure to communicate in spite of their disagreement, as to whether for example diagnosis was based on circulation or substance. Others allowed the healers to communicate on subjects which were otherwise difficult to discuss, as to the use of the intuition in the healing process and the nature of complex diseases such as HIVinfection and cancer. A consensus thus seemed to have been developed in the centre. The unity was confirmed in a mutual discourse on activity, according to which diseases, disease triggers, medicines, patients and even the healers themselves were described as active and strong-willed. The healers avoided the immediate conflicts by use of these forms of communication because they gave an impression of agreement. The use of metaphors, however, was only of a limited depth and undemeath the apparent harmony, the different healers had different interpretations of the meaning, corresponding to their own medical approach. This pattem of contested interpretations resulted in a fractioning of the centre.
Beatrix Le Wita: French Bourgeois Culture
Authors: Knudsen Anne
Published: September 2021

Beatrix Le Wita: French Bourgeois Culture

Anmeldes af Anne Knudsen
Elaine Ward: Indigenous Peoples between Human Rights and Environmental Protection - Based on an Empirical Study of Greenland
Authors: Hasager Ulla
Published: September 2021

Elaine Ward: Indigenous Peoples between Human Rights and Environmental Protection - Based on an Empirical Study of Greenland

Anmeldes af Ulla Hasager
Robert D. Attenborough & Michael P. Alpers (eds.): Human Biology in Pagua New Guinea. The Small Cosmos
Authors: Wolff Bente
Published: September 2021

Robert D. Attenborough & Michael P. Alpers (eds.): Human Biology in Pagua New Guinea. The Small Cosmos

Anmeldes af Bente Wolff
Nancy R. Rosenberger (ed.): Japanese Sense of Self
Authors: Andersen Hanne
Published: September 2021

Nancy R. Rosenberger (ed.): Japanese Sense of Self

Anmeldes af Hanne Andersen
Matthew Carey: Mistrust. An Ethnographic Theory
Authors: Whyte Susan Reynolds , Grue Astrid
Published: September 2021

Matthew Carey: Mistrust. An Ethnographic Theory

Anmeldes af Susan Reynolds Whyte
LISTE OVER ANVENDTE REVIEWERE NR. 64-77
Authors: Redaktionen TA
Published: September 2021

LISTE OVER ANVENDTE REVIEWERE NR. 64-77
Phase retrieval of nanosecond laser pulses based on temporal shearing interferomentry
Authors: Pan Liang-Ze , Liu Cheng , Zhu Jian-Qiang ,   National Laboratory on High Power Laser and Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China,   Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: September 2021

Temporal shearing interferometry is proposed to measure the temporal phase distribution of nanosecond laser pulses. In the proposed scheme, the pulse to be measured is divided into two pulses with a delay of hundreds of picoseconds in between, arbitrary one of the two pulses is added to by an appropriate amount of frequency shift, then is combined with the remaining pulse, thereby obtaining the temporal shearing interferogram that is recorded by a normal photodiode. The temporal phase distribution is calculated by an adaptive algorithm based on Fourier transform, and further the precise spectra of the measured pulse can also be calculated according to the Fourier relation between time domain and spectral domain. Based on the systematic analysis of the principle of the technology, the proposed technology is verified by numerical simulation. And the influence of the variable parameters including noise, relative delay, relative intensity on the measured error are systematically analyzed in the simulation. And the results show that the proposed nanosecond temporal phase diagnostic technique has a good performance when the signal noise ratio of the interferogram is above 15 dB, the relative delay of the pulses is between 0.5% and 28% and the relative intensity is above 0.1%. The proposed method is verified experimentally in a nanosecond laser system with central wavelength of 640 nm and pulse width of 20 ns. And the calculated spectra obtained from the temporal shearing interferogram match well with the spectra measured by a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer. This proposed technique does not use any nonlinear optical effects, thus it can be applied to the diagnostic of nanosecond laser pulse centered at any wavelength. Hence, it provides a simple experimental setup for implementing the higher-accuracy diagnostic of the temporal phase distribution of nanosecond laser pulses.
To Assess the Prevalence Rate of Hepatitis C among the Solid Waste Handler in Selected Areas
Authors: Wanjari Mayur , Mendhe Deeplata
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Solid waste handlers are subjected to a wide range of occupational hazards. Among these hazards is the infection from hepatitis A, B or C viruses (HAV, HBV or HCV). This relationship has been the study subject of many researchers around the world, given that the infection of hepatitis viruses is a significant cause of morbidity and a socio-economic burden.Viral hepatitis is a liver inflammation arising from viral infections. There are classes of viruses affecting the liver. The most popular forms are hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C viruses (HCV).

Objective: this study is planning to assess the prevalence rate of Hepatitis C among solid waste handlers in selected areas.

Methodology: Cross-sectional study research designed will be used in this study conducted on a solid waste handler. The unlikely purposefully sampling technique was used to select a sample for this study to analyze the prevalence rate. The researcher's study included 100 population from the selected area and investigation of Hepatitis C will do at A.V.B.R.H Hospital Sawangi (M) Wardha. The population was selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Expected Outcome: In this research study expected outcome is solid waste handlers are may be suffering from Hepatitis C because of their working pattern and environment.

Conclusion: The conclusion will be drawn from the results.
FACTORS INFLUENCING ADAPTATION OF INNOVATIONS IN SMALL RUMINANT PRODUCTION IN THE TRC3 REGION IN TURKEY
Authors: Acıbuca Veysi , Bostan budak Dilek
Published: September 2021

This study investigated the socio-economic factors affecting the adoption of innovation in small ruminant production in TRC3 region in Turkey. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 366 small ruminant farmers from the region. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect main data for the study. Data collected were analyzed using descritive statistics, t-tests and multiple linear regression analysis. Results of the study showed that the farmers had a mean age of 45,8 years and 97,0% were male. Traditional production was dominant among the small ruminant producers and as the number of animal increases the income increases ( p< 0,01). Out of twelve independent variables, eight of them were statistically significant on multiple linear regression analysis. The F-statistics was statistically significant at 1% level on communication behavior and animal health practices; 5% level on age, breeding reasons, milking way, produced products and fold type. The coefficient of multiple determination (R2) value was estimated to be 0,470 this implies that 47,0% of total variation in the output of small ruminant production was accounted for by the independent variables that were fitted into the model. The main problems of small ruminant production were high feed prices, high deaths of lamps/goat, insufficient use of pastures because of security problems and lack of shepherd due to young people unwillingness to live in rural areas.
Morphological and Flowering Characteristics of Shallot (Allium cepa Var. Aggregatum) in Response to Gibberellic Acid and Vernalization
Authors: Marlin Marlin , Hartal Hartal , Romeida Atra , Herawati Reny , Simarmata Marulak
Published: September 2021

Shallot plants have variations in morphological and flowering characters.  Flowering ability can be induced by the treatment of gibberellic acid (GA3) and exposing to cold temperature (vernalization). The objectives of the research were to determine the effect of GA3 and vernalization on the morphological and flowering characters of 5 shallot varieties. Field study was organized in a completely randomized block design with three replications to evaluate the responses of 5 varieties of shallots (Bauji, Bima Brebes, Super Philip, Tajuk, and Thailand) to GA3 with the concentrations ranged from zero to 150 mg L-1. Plants were maintained for 65 days until harvesting. The second study was organized in a completely randomized design with 3 replications to evaluate the responses of the five varieties of shallot to vernalization.  The vernalization of shallot bulbs were done at 8 o C for 6 weeks. The results indicated that a Super Phillip variety showed the highest response to GA3 observed in the number of leaves and bulbs.  At 100 mg L-1 of GA3 increased the plant height up to 45.74 cm.  The results from the second study showed that vernalization was effective to increase flowering only on the Ilokos variety. But the other varieties were not sensitive to vernalization.  Based on morphological and flowering characters, 5 varieties of shallots were clustered into 3 groups, namely: sensitive flowering included Bentanis, Bma Brebes and Tajuk variety, medium sensitive flowering included Ilokos variety, and non-sensitive flowering included Sumenep variety.
Exogenous application of glutamic acid promotes cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) growth under salt stress conditions
Authors: Iqbal Pakeeza , Ghani Muhammad Awais , Ali Basharat , Shahid Muhammad , Iqbal Qumer , Ziaf Khurram , Azam Muhammad , Noor Anam , Cheema Kaiser Latif , Ahmad Jahanzeb
Published: September 2021

Salinity is expected to be the major destructive abiotic stress that causes ionic and oxidative damage leading to growth reduction and ultimately plant death. Glutamic acid (GA) is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthsis of proteins. Therefore, in the present study, we tried to investigate the effect of foliar application of glutamic acid (GA) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under altered salinity levels. Cucumber seedlings were grown in plastic pots under greenhouse conditions by applying four levels of salinity (0, 3 dS/m, 6 dS/m and 12 dS/m) and two levels of foliar applied GA (0, 10 mM). Salinity was induced by mixing the salt and soil before seed sowing; however, exogenous GA was applied when the vine length was reached up to maximum height. Morphological characters showed disruptive response under saline conditions especially in indigenous cultivar (local cucumber represented as V1). Enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (0.29 u g-1 FW), guaiacol peroxidase (3.51 u g-1 FW) and ascorbate peroxidase (0.39 µmol AsA.mg-1 Chl min-1) were observed in salt-stressed cucumber leaves. Both varieties showed unusual behavior for malondialdehyde in decreasing manner with increasing salinity levels (2.0333 µmol g-1 FW at 12dS/m in local cultivar; while, 1.98 µmol g-1 FW at 12dS/m in hybrid cultivar SSC-228). However, exogenously applied GA played a beneficial role in promoting all morphological parameters under stress with increasing scavenging abilities against reactive oxygen species. Foliar application of GA improved plant defense mechanism with minimum destruction. Remarked calculations showed that under salt stress, GA improved plant stress tolerance against salinity by maximizing the growth rate.
Targeting the non‐ATP‐binding pocket of the MAP kinase p38γ mediates a novel mechanism of cytotoxicity in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL)
Authors: Zhang Xu Hannah , Chen Chih‐Hong , Li Hongzhi , Hsiang Jack , Wu Xiwei , Hu Weidong , Horne David , Nam Sangkil , Shively Jack , Rosen Steven T.
Published: August 2021

We describe here for the first time a lipid‐binding‐domain (LBD) in p38γ mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) involved in the response of T cells to a newly identified inhibitor, CSH71. We describe how CSH71, which binds to both the LBD and the ATP‐binding pocket of p38γ, is selectively cytotoxic to CTCL Hut78 cells but spares normal healthy peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) cells, and propose possible molecular mechanisms for its action. p38γ is a key player in CTCL development, and we expect that the ability to regulate its expression by specifically targeting the lipid‐binding domain will have important clinical relevance. Our findings characterize novel mechanisms of gene regulation in T lymphoma cells and validate the use of computational screening techniques to identify inhibitors for therapeutic development.
Synergistic activation of thrombin and angiotensin II receptors revealed by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer
Authors: Al Zamel Isra , Palakkott Abdulrasheed , Ayoub Mohammed Akli
Published: August 2021

We recently reported a physical interaction between the angiotensin II (AngII) receptor (AT1R) and thrombin receptor (PAR1) in HEK293 cells using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technology. This was characterized by thrombin trans‐activating AT1R and the synergistic responses of the AT1R–PAR1 complex. Here, we investigated the other face of the coin by examining the effect of AT1R on PAR1 activity using BRET. AngII/AT1R did not promote PAR1 activation in the absence of thrombin. However, the combination of thrombin and AngII resulted in their synergistic/allosteric action. Moreover, AngII/AT1R potentiated the maximal thrombin responses, suggesting specific conformational changes within the AT1R–PAR1 complex. Overall, our data confirm the functional AT1R–PAR1 interplay and further support the implication of both AT1R and PAR1 protomers in their synergistic interaction as previously reported.
Carbon Free and Noble Metal Free Ni2Mo6S8 Electrocatalyst for Selective Electrosynthesis of H2O2
Authors: Xia Fan , Li Bomin , Liu Yiqi , Liu Yuzi , Gao Siyuan , Lu Ke , Kaelin Jacob , Wang Rongyue , Marks Tobin J. , Cheng Yingwen
Published: August 2021

Electrocatalytic two‐electron reduction of oxygen is a promising method for producing sustainable H2O2 but lacks low‐cost and selective electrocatalysts. Here, the Chevrel phase chalcogenide Ni2Mo6S8 is presented as a novel active motif for reducing oxygen to H2O2 in an aqueous electrolyte. Although it has a low surface area, the Ni2Mo6S8 catalyst exhibits exceptional activity for H2O2 synthesis with >90% H2O2 molar selectivity across a wide potential range. Chemical titration verified successful generation of H2O2 and confirmed rates as high as 90 mmol H2O2 gcat−1 h−1. The outstanding activities are attributed to the ligand and ensemble effects of Ni that promote H2O dissociation and proton‐coupled reduction of O2 to HOO*, and the spatial effect of the Chevrel phase structure that isolates Ni active sites to inhibit OO cleavage. The synergy of these effects delivers fast and selective production of H2O2 with high turn‐over frequencies of ≈30 s−1. In addition, the Ni2Mo6S8 catalyst has a stable crystal structure that is resistive for oxidation and delivers good catalyst stability for continuous H2O2 production. The described Ni‐Mo6S8 active motif can unlock new opportunities for designing Earth‐abundant electrocatalysts to tune oxygen reduction for practical H2O2 production.
Sustainable 3D Structural Binder for High‐Performance Supercapacitor by Biosynthesis Process
Authors: Guan Qing‐Fang , Ling Zhang‐Chi , Han Zi‐Meng , Luo Tong‐Tong , Yang Huai‐Bin , Yang Kun‐Peng , Yin Chong‐Han , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: August 2021

Flexible supercapacitors represent an attractive technology for the next generation of wearable consumer electronics as power sources but usually suffer from relatively low energy density. It is highly desired to construct high‐performance electrodes for the practical applications of supercapacitors. Here, inspired by the natural structure of the spider web, an elaborate design of binder is reported through a biosynthesis process to construct flexible electrodes with both excellent mechanical properties and electrochemical performance. Through this strategy, a spider‐web‐inspired 3D structural binder enables large ion‐accessible surface area and high packing density of active electrode material as well as efficient ion transport pathways. As a result, a high areal capacitance of 4.62 F cm‐2 and a high areal energy density of 0.18 mW h cm‐2 is achieved in the composite electrodes and symmetric supercapacitors, respectively, demonstrating a promising potential to construct flexible energy storage devices for diverse practical applications.
Abrasion and Fracture Self‐Healable Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Ultrahigh Stretchability and Long‐Term Durability
Authors: Jiang Jinxing , Guan Qingbao , Liu Yina , Sun Xuhui , Wen Zhen
Published: August 2021

Since triboelectrification results from materials in physical contact, the durability of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) must be improved. However, it still poses challenges to continuously repair surface abrasion even when self‐healable materials are introduced. In this study, an ultrastretchable TENG (US‐TENG) that simultaneously heal the fracture and abrasion at room temperature is fabricated. By incorporating hydrogen bonds and dynamic metal‐ligand coordination into polydimethylsiloxane chains, the synthesized elastomers possess ultrahigh stretchability (10 000%) and remarkable self‐healing property (100% efficiency) at room temperature. Working in contact‐separation mode, the electrical outputs with 2 × 2 cm2 area can reach 140 V, 40 nC, 1.5 µA, respectively. Besides, the US‐TENG shows a stretchability of 1800% with high electrical outputs. Even if it is stretched to break or scratched to wear out, it can recover its electrical outputs in 20 min and 2 h at room temperature, respectively. Finally, the application of the US‐TENG as flexible power sources and self‐powered pressure sensors is demonstrated. This designed strategy with ultrahigh stretchability and excellent self‐healing properties can meet the wide applications of flexible and wearable electronics for long‐term use.
In Situ Monitoring of Polaron Localization and Cell Activity with Charge Accumulation Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yang Li , Wang Jintao , Xu Wangying , Zeng Qiming , Xue Yan
Published: August 2021

Localization of charge carriers directly affects charge transport and local potential fluctuations and is a critical factor dictating the performance of organic bioelectronic devices. Understanding how the polaron localization at the solid−water interface is influenced by the microscopic structural ordering of the organic semiconducting films can provide complementary information to achieve better control on the electrochemical stability of bioelectronic devices. Here, charge accumulation spectroscopy is utilized to explore the structure‐dependent polaron localization in an electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistor structure. The results reveal that the ordered and closely packed systems exhibit much higher absorption cross‐sections (σp) than disordered and isolated molecules. Therefore, the charge‐induced absorption feature can be utilized to monitor in situ the microscopic morphology variations of organic semiconducting films under electrolyte and trace the entire cell detachment process noninvasively. This study suggests that the spectroscopic signature of polaronic charge carriers, which is highly sensitive to the local environment surrounding the probed chromophores, serves as an effective probe to detect the structure‐dependent charge transport features in organic bioelectronic devices.
Synthesis and Modification of Boron Nitride Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Storage: From Theory to Application
Authors: Pu Jun , Zhang Kai , Wang Zhenghua , Li Chaowei , Zhu Kaiping , Yao Yagang , Hong Guo
Published: August 2021

As a conventional insulating material, boron nitride (BN) has been mainly investigated in the electronics field. Very recently, with the development of preparation/modification technology and deeper understanding of the electrochemical mechanisms, BN‐based nanomaterials have made significant progress in the field of electrochemistry. Exploiting the characteristics of BN for advanced electrochemical devices is expected to be a breakthrough that will stimulate a new energy revolution. Owing to its chemical and thermal stability, as well as its high mechanical strength, BN can alleviate various inherent problems in electrochemical systems, such as thermal deformation of conventional organic separators, weak solid electrolyte interface layers of metal anodes, and electrocatalyst poisoning. The integration of BN with various electrochemical energy technologies is systematically summarized from the perspectives of material preparation, theoretical calculations, and practical applications. Moreover, the challenges and prospects for the future development of BN‐based electrochemistry are highlighted.
Environmentally Friendly Graphene‐Based Conductive Inks for Multitouch Capacitive Sensing Surfaces
Authors: Franco Miguel , Correia Vitor , Marques Pedro , Sousa Fábio , Silva Rui , Figueiredo Bruno R. , Bernardes Adriana , Silva Rui P. , Lanceros‐Mendez Senentxu , Costa Pedro
Published: August 2021

Conductive graphene‐based inks can be tailored for functional applications and, in particular, for printed electronics. Transparent, flexible, and easy printable materials are nowadays increasingly required for sensing applications. In this context, a capacitive multitouch sensing surface is developed using conductive graphene nanoparticles‐based ink with carboxymethyl cellulose as a binder. The rheological properties of the ink are tailored to be printed by the screen‐printing technique. The touchscreen is based on printed conductive lines and columns and thus the characteristics of the printed lines are optimized based on the line width and number of printing steps. The optimal printed conditions are 0.5 mm of width and five printing steps, leading to electrical resistance of 2.4 kΩ. The screen‐printed flexible touchscreen is composed of 40 columns × 28 rows. An electric circuit and a graphic interface are also developed leading to an 8” touchscreen with multitouch capabilities and fast signal processing.
Recent Advances in Catalytic Asymmetric Aza‐Michael Addition Triggered Cascade Reactions
Authors: Song Yong‐Xing , Du Da‐Ming
Published: August 2021

As an important branch of the Michael addition reaction, the aza‐Michael addition cascade reaction has been developed rapidly in recent years. This is because the reaction serves as an important method for effectively constructing functionalized C−N bonds, which can be widely used in the synthesis of chiral drugs and their intermediates and natural products. Given the importance of this topic, this review highlights the recent developments of aza‐Michael addition triggered cascade reactions in asymmetric synthesis, including aza‐Michael/Michael, aza‐Michael/Aldol, aza‐Michael/Henry, aza‐Michael/hemiacetal, aza‐Michael/Mannich, aza‐Michael/alkylation, aza‐Michael/cyclization, aza‐Michael/ring‐opening, aza‐Michael‐IED/HAD, aza‐Michael/INCR, and aza‐Michael/1,6‐conjugate addition reactions. In this paper, the reaction mechanism and derivatization experiments of different reactions are timely introduced to provide a more comprehensive theoretical basis for subsequent studies.

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Construction of Indole‐Fused Heterocycles Starting from 2‐Thioxoindolines, Iminoindolines, and Their Derivatives
Authors: Li Jun‐Long , Zhao Qian , Gou Chuan , Li Qing‐Zhu , Leng Hai‐Jun , Huang Qian‐Wei , Liu Yue
Published: August 2021

Indole‐based heterocycles containing sulfur or nitrogen atoms are important frameworks that occur widely in biological active natural products and drugs. Consequently, several novel chemical transformations and new catalytic strategies have been developed for the preparation of these skeletons in a highly efficient and selective manner. This review focuses on recent advancements in the construction of indole‐fused heterocyclic compounds by using iminoindolines, 3‐diazoindol‐2‐imines, 2‐thioxoindolines, and their derivatives as starting materials.

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Carbene Catalyzed Access to 3,6‐Disubstituted α‐Pyrones via Michael Addition/Lactonization/Elimination Cascade
Authors: Khatana Anil Kumar , Singh Vikram , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Tiwari Bhoopendra
Published: August 2021

The first direct transition metal‐free access to 3,6‐disubstituted α‐pyrones from α‐chloro aldehydes and β‐tosyl enones is reported. The reactions proceed via the Michael addition/lactonization/elimination cascade. The regioselective addition of NHC‐bound enolates/homoenolates to the enones bearing a bulkier functionality such as tosyl group at the β‐position has remained challenging. The 3,6‐disubstituted α‐pyrones could be converted to valuable products such as 1,2,3,4‐tetrasubstituted benzenes, 1,4‐disubstituted naphthalenes as well as anthracenes and 6,13‐disubstituted dihydro‐ethenopentacenes in a simple operation.

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A Study of the Reactions of 3‐Bromopropenals with Anilines for the Synthesis of α‐Bromo Enaminones
Authors: Suresh Sundaram , Bhimrao Patil Prakash , Yu Pao‐Hsing , Fang Chia‐Chi , Weng Yin‐Zhi , Kavala Veerababurao , Yao Ching‐Fa
Published: August 2021

A one‐pot strategy for the synthesis of α‐bromo enaminones is reported. The reactions proceed via the p‐toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (TsOH ⋅ H2O) catalyzed reactions of 3‐bromopropenals with anilines in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and does not require an external brominating agent. The chemoselective 1,2‐addition was accomplished by employing aniline with a sterically hindered electron‐withdrawing group attached at the ortho‐position. In addition, the reactions involving other aniline derivatives as nucleophiles have resulted in minor yields of 1,4‐addition product. The 3‐bromopropenals showed a diverse range of reactivities with aniline derivatives.

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Interfacial “Anchoring Effect” Enables Efficient Large‐Area Sky‐Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Shen Yang , Wang Jing‐Kun , Li Yan‐Qing , Shen Kong‐Chao , Su Zhen‐Huang , Chen Li , Guo Ming‐Lei , Cai Xiao‐Yi , Xie Feng‐Ming , Qian Xiao‐Yan , Gao Xingyu , Zhidkov Ivan S. , Tang Jian‐Xin
Published: August 2021

While tremendous progress has recently been made in perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), large‐area blue devices feature inferior performance due to uneven morphologies and vast defects in the solution‐processed perovskite films. To alleviate these issues, a facile and reliable interface engineering scheme is reported for manipulating the crystallization of perovskite films enabled by a multifunctional molecule 2‐amino‐1,3‐propanediol (APDO)‐triggered “anchoring effect” at the grain‐growth interface. Sky‐blue perovskite films with large‐area uniformity and low trap states are obtained, showing the distinctly improved radiative recombination and hole‐transport capability. Based on the APDO‐induced interface engineering, synergistical boost in device performance is achieved for large‐area sky‐blue PeLED (measuring at 100 mm2) with a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 9.2% and a highly prolonged operational lifetime. A decent EQE up to 6.1% is demonstrated for the largest sky‐blue device emitting at 400 mm2.
In Situ Dielectric Al2O3/β‐Ga2O3 Interfaces Grown Using Metal–Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Roy Saurav , Chmielewski Adrian E. , Bhattacharyya Arkka , Ranga Praneeth , Sun Rujun , Scarpulla Michael A. , Alem Nasim , Krishnamoorthy Sriram
Published: August 2021

High quality dielectric‐semiconductor interfaces are critical for reliable high‐performance transistors. This paper reports the in situ metal–organic chemical vapor deposition of Al2O3 on β‐Ga2O3 as a potentially better alternative to the most commonly used atomic layer deposition (ALD). The growth of Al2O3 is performed in the same reactor as Ga2O3 using trimethylaluminum and O2 as precursors without breaking the vacuum at a growth temperature of 600 °C. The fast and slow near interface traps at the Al2O3/β‐Ga2O3 interface are identified and quantified using stressed capacitance–voltage (CV) measurements on metal oxide semiconductor capacitor (MOSCAP) structures. The density of shallow and deep level initially filled traps (Dit) are measured using ultraviolet‐assisted CV technique. The average Dit for the MOSCAP is determined to be 6.4 × 1011 cm−2eV−1. The conduction band offset of the Al2O3/ Ga2O3 interface is also determined from CV measurements and found out to be 1.7 eV which is in close agreement with the existing literature reports of ALD Al2O3/Ga2O3 interface. The current–voltage characteristics are also analyzed and the average breakdown field is extracted to be approximately 5.8 MV cm−1. This in situ Al2O3 dielectric on β‐Ga2O3 with improved dielectric properties can enable Ga2O3‐based high‐performance devices.
Ultralong Cycle Life Organic Cathode Enabled by Ether‐Based Electrolytes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Bai Panxing , Li Benfang , Zhao Chen , Chen Zifeng , Li Mengjie , Su Hai , Yang Jixing , Xu Yunhua
Published: August 2021

Organic cathode materials have gained substantial attention in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) because of their low cost, structure versatility, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, the use of organic materials is plagued by the unsatisfactory cycling performance caused by dissolution of organic electrode materials, use of inappropriate electrolytes, and/or poor interfacial compatibility. In this work, an ultralong cycle life of SIBs through coupling an insoluble organic cathode, N, N′‐bis(glycinyl) naphthalene diimide, with ether‐based electrolytes, is realized. A thin and stable inorganic‐rich solid electrolyte interphase is constructed through a prior reduction of salt in the organic solvents in the ether‐based electrolytes, promising fast charge transfer kinetics and stable cycling performance of organic electrodes in SIBs. A superb long cycle life of 70 000 cycles at 10C is demonstrated, which is a new record for organic cathode materials in SIBs. The findings highlight the key role of electrolytes and electrolyte/electrode interfaces in furthering the practical prospects of organic electrodes.
Mitigation and In Situ Probing of Volume Expansion in Silicon/Graphene Hybrid Anodes for High‐Capacity, High‐Rate‐Capable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Joshi Yash , Zamani Somayeh , Klaassen Christopher , Joo Yong Lak
Published: August 2021

Internal macropores in silicon/graphene/graphene nanoribbon (Si/Gr/GNR) hybrid anodes by facile thermal removal of sacrificial polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), are incorporated, to mitigate the volume expansion of silicon and to increase the silicon utilization and rate capability of the anode. The resulting Si/Gr/GNR hybrid anodes give a high capacity of 1874 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, based on total weight of the electrode including binder and carbon, as well as great capacity retention of above 800 mAh g−1 after 350 cycles at 0.3 C. The mitigation of volume expansion by carrying out in situ thickness change measurements of small pouch cells via a dilatometer is further demonstrated, exhibiting the saturation of volume expansion below 40% after 100 cycles due to the incorporation of the macropores. Moreover, Si/Gr/GNR anodes with pores exhibit superior rate capability, yielding 1,250 mAh g−1 at 2 C rate due to the effective network of graphene sheets and GNRs.