bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE URBAN POOR in DHAKA: PERSPECTIVES ON THE RIGHT TO THE CITY
Authors: AREFIN Shamsul , RASHID Tamanna
Published: February 2021

The urban poor experience serious discontents, harassment, eviction, police repression and local goons threatening when using urban space for living and livelihood purposes. This study pursues to understand the poor people’s negotiation strategies with different powerful agents who occupy money, muscleman and political affiliation. Following a mixed method approach, this study investigates the two biggest slums in Dhaka as case studies. Findings show that urban poor have to build different social-contract relations with various local agents as survival mechanisms while economic activities using urban space are considered to be illegal in Bangladesh. The role of the state is somewhat ambiguous in this regard. On the one hand, the state is not evicting the poor permanently from the city but it is repatriating them on other grounds and, on the other hand, it permits hundreds of informal intermediary agents to work for sustaining informal urban settlements for the poor people. We argue that these distinctive socio-structural arrangements in Dhaka city is hindering poor people from getting united and claiming their rights to the city while also not providing them proper opportunities to fully appropriate the urban space. These socio-economic relations need to be considered in order to make a just city for all, from the RTC perspective.
Pembangunan Teras Modal Insan dalam Adat Budaya Melayu
Authors: Wahid Azhar
Published: February 2021

Penulisan ini memperhalkan tentang pembangunan modal insan yang menjadi teras kearah melahirkan insan berkualiti dalam adat budaya Melayu selari dengan ajaran Islam yang sangat menitikberatkan aspek kualiti dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Agenda modal insan ini merupakan suatu usaha menyediakan pendokong atau pelaksana yang berkualiti dalam melaksanakan segala program pembangunan yang dirancang dan seterusnya dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Dalam agenda pembangunan masyarakat yang berteraskan al-Quran dan alSunnah, terdapat tiga ajaran iaitu akidah, syariah dan akhlak. Gabung-jalin daripada tiga elemen ini akan membentuk satu gagasan yang tersusun bagi pembentukan budaya Melayu yang kuat, mantap, berguna dan terbaik. Orang-orang Melayu amat menekankan kepada budi bahasa dan tatasusila. Perlakuan yang berlandaskan kepada keperluan ini dapat memenuhi nilai-nilai yang dikehendaki secara tradisi yang jelas selari dengan nilai-nilai modal insan dalam adat dan budaya Melayu yang berteraskan agama Islam.
Unsur Estetik dalam Sajak karya Rahman Shaar
Authors: Akhesah Rahayu , Saludin Mohd Rosli , Din Ghazali
Published: February 2021

Rahman Shaari bergiat dalam bidang penulisan pelbagai buku dan rencana sastera bukanlah asing dalam kalangan penulis khususnya pengkarya sastera. Bahkan beliau merupakan seorang penyair, penulis bebas dan ahli akademik negara. Kajian bertajuk ‘Unsur Estetik Dalam Sajak Karya Rahman Shaari’ ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk menganalisis unsur estetika dalam beberapa sajak terpilih Rahman Shaari. Kajian ini juga menerapkan Teori Stilistik bagi mengkaji tentang bahasa yang diterapkan dalam hasil karya sajak beliau. Metodologi kajian ini melibatkan penyelidikan kualitatif berasaskan kajian teks. Karya beliau banyak menyentuh tentang tema alam, cinta, politik, setia kawan, patriotik, alam perkahwinan dan agama. Hasil kajian ini penting untuk mengapresiasi sumbangan karya Rahman Shaari dan berharap kajian ini menjadi pendorong untuk beliau terus menulis dalam dalam bidang puisi dan terus berjuang dalam menghasilkan karya dalam penghasilan sajak bahkan novel dan cerpen. Secara kesimpulannya, kajian ini dapat membuktikan sumbangan Rahman Shaari sangat penting dalam memartabatkan bidang puisi dan merupakan satu wadah untuk memastikan kesinambungan kesenian puisi dalam bidang kesusasteraan Melayu dalam peradaban Melayu di seantero dunia.
Fixing Design Inconsistencies of Polymorphic Methods using Swarm Intelligence
Authors: George Renu , Samuel Philip
Published: February 2021

Background: Modern industry is heavily dependent on software. The complexity of designing and developing software is a serious engineering issue. With the growing size of software systems and increase in complexity, inconsistencies arise in software design and intelligent techniques are required to detect and fix inconsistencies.

Aim: Current industrial practice of manually detecting inconsistencies is time consuming, error prone and incomplete. Inconsistencies arising as a result of polymorphic object interactions are hard to trace. We propose an approach to detect and fix inconsistencies in polymorphic method invocations in sequence models.

Method: A novel intelligent approach based on self regulating particle swarm optimization to solve the inconsistency during software system design is presented. Inconsistency handling is modelled as an optimization problem that uses a maximizing fitness function. The proposed approach also identifies the changes required in the design diagrams to fix the inconsistencies.

Result: The method is evaluated on different software design models involving static and dynamic polymorphism and inconsistencies are detected and resolved.

Conclusion: Ensuring consistency of design is highly essential to develop quality software and solves a major design issue for practitioners. In addition, our approach helps to reduce the time and cost of developing software.
Pályakezdő pedagógusok karriertervei
Authors: Zubora Márta , Holik Ildikó
Published: February 2021

A pályakezdő pedagógusok sajátos helyzetben vannak a munkaerőpiacon, hiszen az életpálya modell gyakornoki fokozatában számos kihívással, problémával kell megküzdeniük. Kutatásunk arra irányult, hogy megvizsgáljuk és megismerjük a pályakezdő pedagógusok karrierterveit, hogy mennyire elégedettek az iskolai munka feltételeivel, a karrierlehetőségekkel, terveznek-e pályaelhagyást, illetve hogyan látják jövőjüket a pedagógus-életpályamodellben.
Az angol tanárképzési rendszer
Authors: Király Zsolt
Published: February 2021

A tanulmány az angol tanárképzési rendszert mutatja be, amely számos vonatkozásban eltér a világ legsikeresebb oktatási rendszereiben alkalmazott képzési alapmodellektől, sőt általában véve is éles ellentétben áll a nemzetközi trendekkel, elsősorban az iskolai alapú pedagógusképzés nagyon magas és egyre növekvő részaránya tekintetében. A modell bemutatásán kívül az írás áttekinti a mai helyzet kialakulását, és röviden összefoglalja a rendszerrel kapcsolatos szakmai kritikákat is.
A gyakorlóiskola szerepe a pedagógusjelöltek felkészítésében
Authors: Orgoványi-Gajdos Judit
Published: February 2021

Hazai és nemzetközi szakirodalmi adatokkal egyaránt igazolható, hogy a pedagóguspályát választó hallgatók számos területen elégedetlenek a tanárképzéssel (Lukács 2002; Kocsis, 2003; Jancsák 2011, 2012). Ezeket a visszajelzéseket a már pályán lévő kezdő tanárok problémáival foglalkozó kutatások is nagy ban megerősítik (Hagger – McIntyre, 2006; OECD, 2009; Fehérvári 2016). Az Eszterházy Károly Egy etem Gyakorlóiskoláját érintő 2017-ben zajló kutatás célja az volt, hogy egy esettanulmányon keresztül megvizsgálja a problémakörrel kapcsolatos jelenlegi hazai helyzetet, és a Szakmai Fejlesztő Iskola koncepciójából kiindulva megoldási javaslatokat nyújtson a fejlesztés lehetséges irányaival kapcsolatban.
A Szakmai Fejlesztő Iskola mint a pedagógusképzés megújításának egyik lehetséges modellje
Authors: Zagyváné Szűcs Ida
Published: February 2021

A pedagógusképzés megújításának számos alternatívája közül az egyik megközelítés a pedagógusok szakmai fejlődését helyezi a középpontba. Tanulmányunkban egy a közelmúltban lezajlott kutatás részeredményeit ismertetjük azzal a céllal, hogy empirikus vizsgálatok alapján bemutassuk egy pedagógusképző intézet és annak gy akorlóiskolája által nyújtott lehetőségeket a jövő pedagógusainak számára a szakmai fejlesztés területén, valamint a jelen helyzetet mérlegelve javaslatokat fogalmazzunk meg egy új modell, a Szakmai Fejlesztő Iskola magy arországi bevezetésének irányában.
Production d’autoreformulations autoamorcées par des apprenants adultes du français et capacité de mémoire de travail
Authors: Simard Daphnee , Molokopeeva Tatiana , Zhang Yan Qing
Published: February 2021

L’étude rapportée dans cet article avait pour objectif d’examiner la relation entre les autoreformulations autoamorcées, soit les révisions que les locuteurs amorcent et exécutent sur leur propre discours (Salonen et Laakso, 2009, p. 859) et la mémoire de travail, définie comme étant un système à capacité limitée responsable de l’emmagasinage temporaire et de la manipulation de l’information (Baddeley, 2012). Bien que quelques études aient examiné la relation entre les autoreformulations autoamorcées et la mémoire de travail, les résultats obtenus présentent des divergences que des différences d’ordre méthodologique permettent d’expliquer. Nous avons donc voulu jeter un éclairage nouveau sur la relation entre ces deux variables en observant les autoreformulations autoamorcées à l’aide d’une tâche de narration à partir d’images et en ayant recours à une tâche numérique complexe afin de mesurer la mémoire de travail. Trente adultes locuteurs non natifs du français ont participé à l’étude. Les résultats obtenus des analyses factorielles en composantes principales montrent une relation différenciée selon le type d’autoreformulations autoamorcées produit.
A Corpus Study of the English Suffixes -ness and -acy: Productivity, Genre, and Implications for L2 Learning
Authors: Naismith Ben , Kanwit Matthew
Published: February 2021

Despite substantial scholarship relating to word structure (Anderson, 2018), for English affixes the relationship between productivity, genre, and second language (L2) learning remains unclear. Analysis of the existing literature reveals that deadjectival noun suffixes (i.e., nouns derived from adjectives such as appropriacy or goodness) have been underexamined. To address this gap, we examine two rival suffixes, -acy and -ness, through the lens of Construction Morphology (Booij, 2010), considering numerous factors which might condition their varying usage. Critically, corpus data in the Corpus of Contemporary American English and the British National Corpus (Davies, 2008-) reveal the importance of considering these affixes’ productivity in relation to genre, since -acy is especially frequent in academic texts, principally within certain social sciences. The implications for learners and teachers of English as a second language are discussed, particularly higher-level learners building communicative competence in academic contexts, along with a preliminary learner corpus comparison of the two variants.
Review of Taguchi, N., & Kim, Y. (Eds.). (2018). Task-based approaches to teaching and assessing pragmatics. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Authors: Feng Yali , Jang Gyewon
Published: February 2021

Book review:
Taguchi, N., & Kim, Y. (Eds.). (2018). Task-based approaches to teaching and assessing pragmatics. John Benjamins Publishing Company.  https://doi.org/10.1075/tblt.10
The Role of Fintech Firms in Contemporary Financial Sector Development
Authors: Mavlutova Inese , Volkova Tatjana , Spilbergs Aivars , Natrins Andris , Arefjevs Ilja , Verdenhofs Atis
Published: February 2021

The development of new technologies provided by Information and communication technologies, robotics, artificial intelligence and their application have an essential influence on the business model of the financial sector companies. Changes are taking place through a variety of technology processes in different industries of the financial sector such as payment systems (including cryptocurrencies, smart chaining), customer acquisition and management, crowdfunding, P2P lending. The aim of the research is to study the role of Fintech firms in the changes in the financial sector landscape, as well dynamics of changes in investments in Fintech by regions and by segments. This study provides empirical evidence on the development of alternative financial services and their role in the development of the financial sector. Based on the research results there is strong evidence about statistically significant difference between investments allocated to Fintech firms by regions and vintage. There have been changes in the regional distribution of investment, with North America (85-90%) dominating in the first years of the decade, and Asia and the Pacific accounting for more than a third and Europe for more than 20% of total investment in recent years. Contemporary statistics data analysis also indicates different trends in investments in various Fintech segments by years.
Efficient membrane structures: operation features
Authors:   TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko JSC Research Center of Construction, NRU MGSU, Farfel Mikhail
Published: February 2021

Представлены различные типы мембранных покрытий: сплошные и из переплетенных лент, а также в зависимости от вида поверхности (нулевая, положительная, отрицательная гауссова кривизна). Рассмотрены возможные типы стабилизации мембранных покрытий от ветрового «отсоса» и неравновесных нагрузок. Приведены примеры сооруженных мембранных покрытий. Описаны материалы, применяемые для изготовления мембран. Разобраны причины обрушения мембранного покрытия СКК «Петровский» в Санкт-Петербурге. Приведены преимущества мембранных покрытий по сравнению с традиционными типами стальных каркасов.
Experimental studies of steel rods for сentral and eccentric compression
Authors: Konin Denis
Published: February 2021

Приведен краткий анализ нормативных документов, действующих в настоящее время в РФ, Евросоюзе, США и КНР, по расчетам сжатых стальных стержней. Установлено, что нормы РФ нуждаются в уточнении ввиду появления за последние годы новых сталей и поперечных сечений в виде, например, «тяжелых» двутавров и труб из сталей с пределом текучести до 600 МПа. Показано, что испытания двутавровых стоек из высокопрочных сталей хорошо коррелируют с нормативным расчетом на внецентренное сжатие (расхождение не более 10%). Наименьший запас 1,1% соответствует стержням, эксцентриситет в которых приложен в плоскости полок. Малый резерв несущей способности следует уточнить путем изучения остаточных напряжений. Испытания труб показывают,что нормы не учитывают тонкостенность,диаграмму работы стали, наличие сварных швов, работу стержня как оболочки. Отклонения нормативного расчета от испытаний для труб с D/t = 95 составляет до 30%. Выявлены пути совершенствования расчетов центрально и внецентренно сжатых стержней на основании анализа испытаний за последние 100 лет. Показано, что коэффициент продольного изгиба должен учитывать: «тонкостенность» коробчатых и трубных сечений, начальные несовершенства в виде локальных погибей,тип двутаврового профиля, а также способ их изготовления (сварной или прокатной).
Grips for testing of chemical (adhesive) anchors with periodic profile rebar
Authors:   TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko JSC Research Center of Construction, Pavlova Marina , Zakharov Vladimir ,   TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko JSC Research Center of Construction, Pavlenko Maksim ,   TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko JSC Research Center of Construction, Vakhturova Polina ,   TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko JSC Research Center of Construction
Published: February 2021

Современные приборы для испытаний на «вырыв» не комплектуются специальными захватами для связей и арматуры периодического профиля. Предложен новый тип захвата для испытаний муфта-захват. Проведены лабораторные испытания химических анкеров с арматурой периодического профиля с применением новых типов захватов (муфт-захватов). Выполнен сравнительный анализ полученных результатов испытаний анкеров с применением четырех типов захватов. Сформулированы предложения по применению захватов при проведении натурных испытаний на объекте и в лабораторных условиях.
New constructive system for lage-block house building made of glued timber
Authors:   TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko JSC Research Center of Construction, Turkovskiy Stanislav , Pogoreltsev Alexander ,   TSNIISK named after V. A. Koucherenko JSC Research Center of Construction
Published: February 2021

В ЦНИИСКе предложена система крупноблочного домостроения из клееной древесины (ДКБД) на основе отечественных разработок и исследований новых видов соединений деревянных конструкций. Система ориентирована на более эффективное использование производственных мощностей без привлечения импорта. ДКБД составит дополнительный резерв в области малоэтажного и многоэтажного каркасного домостроения. Реализация системы потребует проведения НИИОКР для подтверждения технических решений, заложенных в проектах зданий. При освоении может использоваться существующая нормативная база для клееных деревянных конструкций.
Regioselective chemoenzymatic syntheses of ferulate conjugates as chromogenic substrates for feruloyl esterases
Authors: Gherbovet Olga , Ferreira Fernando , Clément Apolline , Ragon Mélanie , Durand Julien , Bozonnet Sophie , O'Donohue Michael J , Fauré Régis
Published: February 2021

Generally, carbohydrate-active enzymes are studied using chromogenic substrates that provide quick and easy color-based detection of enzyme-mediated hydrolysis. For feruloyl esterases, commercially available chromogenic ferulate derivatives are both costly and limited in terms of their experimental application. In this study, we describe solutions for these two issues, using a chemoenzymatic approach to synthesize different ferulate compounds. The overall synthetic routes towards commercially available 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl and 4-nitrophenyl 5-O-feruloyl-α-ʟ-arabinofuranosides were significantly shortened (from 7 or 8 to 4–6 steps), and the transesterification yields were enhanced (from 46 to 73% and from 47 to 86%, respectively). This was achieved using enzymatic (immobilized Lipozyme® TL IM from Thermomyces lanuginosus) transesterification of unprotected vinyl ferulate to the primary hydroxy group of α‐ʟ‐arabinofuranosides. Moreover, a novel feruloylated 4-nitrocatechol-1-yl-substituted butanetriol analog, containing a cleavable hydroxylated linker, was also synthesized in 32% overall yield in 3 steps (convergent synthesis). The latter route combined the regioselective functionalization of 4-nitrocatechol and enzymatic transferuloylation. The use of this strategy to characterize type A feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus niger reveals the advantages of this substrate for the characterizations of feruloyl esterases.
PENGARUH LATIHAN STRATEGI MENYERANG MENGGUNAKAN POLA 1-2-1 DAN POLA 2-2 TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS MENCETAK GOL PADA SISWA EKSTRAKURIKULER FUTSAL MAN 2 SAMARINDA
Authors: Julianur Julianur , Raharja Andri Tria , Santoso Januar Abdilah
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh latihan strategi menyerang menggunakan pola 1-2-1 dan pola 2-2 terhadap efektivitas mencetak gol pada siswa ekstrakurikuler futsal MAN 2 Samarinda. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimen lapangan dengan melibatkan dua variable bebas dan satu variable terikat yaitu efektivitas mencetak gol. Populasi penelitian ini adalah keseluruhan siswa ektrakurikuler futsal MAN 2 Samarinda. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 20 orang dengan menggunakan machid ordinat, yang dibagi kedalam dua kelompok latihan yaitu kelompok A dengan metode latihan strategi menyerang menggunakan pola 1-2-1 dan kelompok B dengan metode latihan strategi menyerang menggunakan pola 2-2, masing-masing kelompok terdiri 10 orang. Teknik analisis data diolah dengan menggunakan bantuan komputer melalui program SPSS 21.0. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh hasil: (1) Ada pengaruh metode latihan strategi menyerang menggunakan pola 1-2-1 terhadap efektivitas mencetak gol pada siswa ekstrakurikuler futsal MAN 2 Samarinda, terbukti dengan nilai t hitung (to) = 3.096 > t-tabel α 0.05 = 1.734. (2) Ada pengaruh metode latihan strategi menyerang menggunakan pola 2-2 pada siswa ekstrakurikuler futsal MAN 2 Samarinda, terbukti dengan nilai t hitung (to) = 2.228 > t-tabel α 0.05 = 1.734. Metode latihan strategi menyerang menggunakan pola 1-2-1 memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode latihan strategi menyerang menggunakan pola 2-2 terhadap efektivitas mencetak gol pada siswa ekstrakurikuler futsal MAN 2 Samarinda
EVALUASI STATUS KEBUGARAN JASMANI DAN TINGKAT PENGUASAAN KETERAMPILAN OLAHRAGA SEPAKBOLA DAN BOLA VOLI MAHASISWA PJKR SEMESTER V STKIP CITRA BAKTI NGADA BERDASARKAN AKTIVITAS PERKULIAHAN PRAKTEK DAN PEMBINAAN KEGIATAN UKM
Authors: Tapo Yohanes Bayo Ola
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan jenis penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik tes dan pengukuran untuk mengevaluasi status kebugaran jasmani dan tingkat penguasaan keterampilan olahraga berdasarkan keterlibatan mahasiswa pada perkuliahan praktek dan pembinaan kegiatan UKM sepakbola dan bola voli. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa PJKR semester V yang memenuhi kriteria yang ditetapkan oleh peneliti yang berjumlah 20 orang. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Tes Kesegaran Jasmani Indonesia (TKJI), tes keterampilan sepakbola menurut STO Bandung dan tes keterampilan bola voli menurut AAHPERD Volleyball Test. Hasil tes dan pengukuran dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, dan diperoleh simpulan penelitian bahwa: secara keseluruhan status tingkat kesegaran jasmani dan penguasaan keterampilan kecabangan olahraga mahasiswa PJKR semester V berada pada kategori “SEDANG”, sehingga pelaksanaan kegiatan perkuliahan praktek dan pembinaan kegiatan UKM keolahragaan harus benar-benar ditingkatkan dengan pendampingan yang lebih serius, displin dan terprogram secara baik dari para dosen PJKR dengan kemasan berbagai model, formasi, serta strategi pembelajaran dan latihan untuk meningkatkan status kesegaran jasmani dan keterampilan kecabangan olahraga sebagai salah satu kompetensi dasar yang diperlukan mahasiswa PJKR.
PREDICTING THE LITIGATION OUTCOME OF PPP PROJECT DISPUTES BETWEEN PUBLIC AUTHORITY AND PRIVATE PARTNER USING AN ENSEMBLE MODEL
Authors: Zheng Xiaoxiao , Liu Yisheng , Jiang Jun , Thomas Linda M. , Su Nan
Published: February 2021

Apart from the loss of time and money, disputes between public authority and private partner in China’s public-private partnership (PPP) projects are destroying the government’s image of PPP support and the private partner’s investment confidence. This article aims to explore the main causes for PPP disputes, present the results of disputes, and then predict the litigation outcomes. Based on 171 PPP litigation cases from China Judgements Online within 2013–2018, the research identified 17 legal factors and explained how these factors influence the litigation outcomes, which are named as “prediction approach” in this study. Nine machine learning (ML) models were trained and validated using the data from 171 cases. The ensemble model of gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLP) performed best compared with other nine individual ML models, and obtained a prediction accuracy of 96.42%. This study adds meaningful insights to PPP dispute avoidance, such as high compensation of expected revenues could prevent the government from terminating the contract unilaterally. To some extent, if parties consider the case litigation outcome, they are more likely prefer a rational settlement out of court to avoid further aggravation of the dispute, and would also alleviate the pressure of litigation in China.
Morphological-based Classifications of Radio Galaxies Using Supervised Machine-learning Methods Associated with Image Moments
Authors: Sadeghi Mohammad , Javaherian Mohsen , Miraghaei Halime
Published: February 2021

With the advent of new high-resolution instruments for detecting and studying radio galaxies with different morphologies, the need for the use of automatic classification methods is undeniable. Here, we focused on the morphological-based classification of radio galaxies known as Fanaroff–Riley (FR) type I and type II via supervised machine-learning approaches. Galaxy images with a resolution of 5″ at 1.4 GHz provided by the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty centimeters (FIRST) survey are employed. The radial Zernike polynomials are exploited to extract image moments. Then, the rotation, translation, and scale-invariant moments of images are used to form a training set (65% of the radio galaxy sample) and a test set (the remaining 35%). The classes of the test set are determined by two classifiers: a support vector machine and a twin support vector machine (TWSVM). In addition the genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the length of moment series and to find the optimum values of the parameters of the classifiers. The labels of outputs are compared to identify the best performance classifier. To do this the confidence level of classifications is estimated by four different metrics: precision, recall, F1 score, and accuracy. All tests show that implementing TWSVM with the radial basis function as a kernel achieves a confidence level of more than 95% in grouping galaxies.
TOI-811b and TOI-852b: New Transiting Brown Dwarfs with Similar Masses and Very Different Radii and Ages from the TESS Mission
Authors: Carmichael Theron W. , Quinn Samuel N. , Zhou George , Grieves Nolan , Irwin Jonathan M. , Stassun Keivan G. , Vanderburg Andrew M. , Winn Joshua N. , Bouchy Francois , Brasseur Clara E. , Briceño César , Caldwell Douglas A. , Charbonneau David , Collins Karen A. , Colon Knicole D. , Eastman Jason D. , Fausnaugh Michael , Fong William , Fűrész Gábor , Huang Chelsea , Jenkins Jon M. , Kielkopf John F. , Latham David W. , Law Nicholas , Lund Michael B. , Mann Andrew W. , Ricker George R. , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Schwarz Richard P. , Shporer Avi , Tenenbaum Peter , Wood Mackenna L. , Ziegler Carl
Published: February 2021

We report the discovery of two transiting brown dwarfs (BDs), TOI-811b and TOI-852b, from NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission. These two transiting BDs have similar masses but very different radii and ages. Their host stars have similar masses, effective temperatures, and metallicities. The younger and larger transiting BD is TOI-811b at a mass of M
b = 59.9 ± 13.0M

J
and radius of R
b = 1.26 ± 0.06R
J, and it orbits its host star in a period of P = 25.16551 ± 0.00004 days. We derive the host star’s age of

Myr from an application of gyrochronology. The youth of this system, rather than external heating from its host star, is why this BD’s radius is relatively large. This constraint on the youth of TOI-811b allows us to test substellar mass–radius evolutionary models at young ages where the radius of BDs changes rapidly. TOI-852b has a similar mass at M

b
= 53.7 ± 1.4M

J
but is much older (4 or 8 Gyr, based on bimodal isochrone results of the host star) and is also smaller with a radius of R

b
= 0.83 ± 0.04R
J. TOI-852b’s orbital period is P = 4.94561 ± 0.00008 days. TOI-852b joins the likes of other old transiting BDs that trace out the oldest substellar mass–radius evolutionary models where contraction of the BD’s radius slows and approaches a constant value. Both host stars have a mass of M
⋆ = 1.32M
⊙ ± 0.05 and differ in their radii, T
eff, and [Fe/H], with TOI-811 having R
⋆ = 1.27 ± 0.09R
⊙, T
eff = 6107 ± 77 K, and [Fe/H] = + 0.40 ± 0.09 and TOI-852 having R
⋆ = 1.71 ± 0.04R
⊙, T
eff = 5768 ± 84 K, and [Fe/H] = + 0.33 ± 0.09. We take this opportunity to examine how TOI-811b and TOI-852b serve as test points for young and old substellar isochrones, respectively.
Afterglow Light Curves of Nonrelativistic Ejecta Mass in a Stratified Circumstellar Medium
Authors: Fraija N. , Kamenetskaia B. Betancourt , Dainotti M. G. , Duran R. Barniol , Gámez A. Gálvan , Dichiara S. , Pedreira A. C. Caligula do E. S.
Published: February 2021

We present the afterglow light curves produced by the deceleration of a nonrelativistic ejecta mass in a stratified circumstellar medium with a density profile n(r) ∝ r
−k
with k = 0, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5. Once the ejecta mass is launched with equivalent kinetic energy parameterized by E(>β) ∝ β
−α
(where β is the ejecta velocity) and propagates into the surrounding circumstellar medium, it first moves with constant velocity (the free-coasting phase), and later it decelerates (the Sedov–Taylor expansion). We present the predicted synchrotron and synchrotron self-Compton light curves during the free-coasting phase and the subsequent Sedov–Taylor expansion. In particular cases, we show the corresponding light curves generated by the deceleration of several ejecta masses with different velocities launched during the coalescence of binary compact objects and the core collapse of dying massive stars, which will contribute at distinct timescales, frequencies, and intensities. Finally, using the multiwavelength observations and upper limits collected by a large campaign of orbiting satellites and ground telescopes, we constrain the parameter space of both the kilonova (KN) afterglow in GW170817 and the possibly generated KN afterglow in S190814bv. Further observations on timescales of years post-merger are needed to derive tighter constraints.
Super-Eddington Mass Growth of Intermediate-mass Black Holes Embedded in Dusty Circumnuclear Disks
Authors: Toyouchi Daisuke , Inayoshi Kohei , Hosokawa Takashi , Kuiper Rolf
Published: February 2021

We perform the first three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamical simulations that investigate the growth of intermediate-mass BHs (IMBHs) embedded in massive self-gravitating, dusty nuclear accretion disks. We explore the dependence of mass accretion efficiency on the gas metallicity Z and mass injection at super-Eddington accretion rates from the outer galactic disk

M

̇

in

, and we find that the central BH can be fed at rates exceeding the Eddington rate only when the dusty disk becomes sufficiently optically thick to ionizing radiation. In this case, mass outflows from the disk owing to photoevaporation are suppressed, and thus a large fraction (≳40%) of the mass injection rate can feed the central BH. The conditions are expressed as

M

̇

in

>
2.2
×

10

−
1

M

⊙

yr

−
1

(
1
+
Z

/

10

−
2

Z

⊙

)

−
1

(

c

s

/

10

km

s

−
1

)

, where c
s is the sound speed in the gaseous disk. With increasing numerical resolution, vigorous disk fragmentation reduces the disk surface density, and dynamical heating by formed clumps makes the disk geometrically thicker. As a result, the photoevaporative mass-loss rate rises and thus the critical injection rate increases for fixed metallicity. This process enables super-Eddington growth of BHs until the BH mass reaches

M

BH

∼

10

7
–
8

M

⊙

, depending on the properties of the host dark-matter halo and metal-enrichment history. In the assembly of protogalaxies, seed BHs that form in overdense regions with a mass variance of 3–4σ at z ∼ 15–20 are able to undergo short periods of rapid growth and transit into the Eddington-limited growth phase afterward to be supermassive BHs observed at z > 6–7.
1000 Days of the Lowest-frequency Emission from the Low-luminosity GRB 171205A
Authors: Maity Barun , Chandra Poonam
Published: February 2021

We report the lowest-frequency measurements of gamma-ray burst (GRB) 171205A with the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) covering a frequency range of 250–1450 MHz and a period of 4–937 days. It is the first GRB afterglow detected in the 250–500 MHz frequency range and the second brightest GRB detected with the uGMRT. Even though the GRB was observed for nearly 1000 days, there is no evidence of a transition to a nonrelativistic regime. We also analyzed the archival Chandra X-ray data on day ∼70 and day ∼200. We also found no evidence of a jet break from the analysis of combined data. We fit synchrotron afterglow emission arising from a relativistic, isotropic, self-similar deceleration as well as from a shock breakout of a wide-angle cocoon. Our data also allowed us to discern the nature and the density of the circumburst medium. We found that the density profile deviates from a standard constant density medium and suggests that the GRB exploded in a stratified wind-like medium. Our analysis shows that the lowest-frequency measurements covering the absorbed part of the light curves are critical to unraveling the GRB environment. Our data combined with other published measurements indicate that the radio afterglow has a contribution from two components: a weak, possibly slightly off-axis jet and a surrounding wider cocoon, consistent with the results of Izzo et al. The cocoon emission likely dominates at early epochs, whereas the jet starts to dominate at later epochs, resulting in flatter radio light curves.
DNA metabarcoding and morphological methods show complementary patterns in the metacommunity organization of lentic epiphytic diatoms
Authors: Nistal Alejandro , Garcia Pedro , Garcia Jorge , Borrego María , Blanco Saúl , Bécares Eloy
Published: February 2021

Diatoms are important organisms in freshwater ecosystems due to their position as primary producers and therefore, analyzing their communities provides relevant information on ecosystem functioning. Diatoms have historically been identified based on morphological traits, which is time-consuming and requires well-trained specialists. Nevertheless, DNA barcoding offers an alternative approach to overcome some limitations of the morphological method. Here, we assess if both approaches are comparable methods to study patterns and mechanisms (including environmental filtering and dispersal limitation) of epiphytic diatom metacommunities using a comprehensive dataset from 22 Mediterranean ponds at different taxonomic resolutions. We used a fragment of rbcL barcode gene combined with High-Throughput Sequencing to infer diatom community composition. The overall degree of correspondence between both approaches was assessed by Procrustean rotation analysis and Procrustean randomization tests, whereas the role of local environmental variables and geographical distances was studied using a comprehensive combination of BIOENV, Mantel tests and distance-based redundancy analysis. Our results showed a relatively poor correspondence in the compositional variation of diatom metacommunity between both approaches. We speculate that the incompleteness of the reference database and the bioinformatics processing are the biases most likely affecting the molecular approach, whereas the limited counting effort and the presence of cryptic species are presumably the major biases related with the morphological method. On the other hand, variation in diatom community composition detected with both approaches was strongly related to the environmental template, which may be related with the narrow ecological niche and the strong preferences for particular substrata of some diatom species. Nevertheless, we found no significant relationship between compositional variation and geographical distances at regional extent.

Overall, our work highlights the importance of DNA metabarcoding to address empirical research questions of community ecology in freshwaters, especially once the reference databases include most genotypes of occurring taxa and bioinformatics biases are overcome.
Online course in conjunction with face-to-face workshops to improve writing skills leading towards more publications in peer reviewed journals
Authors: Shoko Amon P , Kimirei Ismael A , Sekadende Baraka C , Kishe Mary A , Sailale Innocent E
Published: February 2021

Background: Researchers in the developing countries often have inadequate scientific writing skills to publish their research in international peer reviewed journals.

Objectives: To improve the research-and proposal-writing skills of researchers and to evaluate the impact of this intervention.

Methods: An off-the-shelf online course (AuthorAID, developed by INASP) was embedded in the Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute’s (TAFIRI) website and offered to the institute researchers in Tanzania. The 8-week course was followed by a 2-day face- to-face workshop that used the course material contextualized to local conditions, and the combination was repeated one more time.

Results: A total of 47 participants completed the course and attended the workshop: 21 (54%) completed the course in 2016 and 26 (67%) in 2017. The number of papers published annually by TAFIRI staff more than tripled between 2016 and 2019 after the AuthorAID intervention, most of them (114, or 91%) by researchers who had undergone the training.

Conclusion: Embedding and contextualizing proven learning materials, such as the AuthorAID online course, can be an economical and effective approach to improving the writing skills of scientists in developing countries.
The correlation between demographic development and land-use changes in Slovenia
Authors: Horvat Uroš , Žiberna Igor
Published: February 2021

The paper focuses on determining the degree of correlation between land-use changes and demographic development in Slovenia. The authors conclude that there is still insufficient evidence in the literature for a correlation between these two processes, because quantitative studies addressing these links are very rare and mostly cover small and specific areas. In the case of Slovenia, Spearman’s correlation coefficients are quite low, which confirms that land-use change processes are complex and not dependent solely on individual demographic and socioeconomic factors. Despite the low correlation coefficients, our findings indicate that changes in land use are significantly influenced by changes in age structure and population growth. In areas with population growth the share of arable land is shrinking, whereas in areas with depopulation and a rising aging index the share of partially overgrown land is growing. In the following analysis, the authors focus their analysis on a case study of the Mura and Central Slovenia statistical regions, which lie on opposite poles with regard to development, and thus show differing trends in land-use changes.
Periodically inundated uvalas and collapse dolines of Upper Pivka, Slovenia
Authors: Stepišnik Uroš , Gostinčar Petra
Published: February 2021

Within the area of Upper Pivka there is a number of intermittent lakes because of oscillation of water table level close to the surface i.e. shallow karst. Our survey was focused on morphogenetic interpretation of depressions hosting intermittent lakes by means of classic morphographic mapping and sediment analyses that was supported by electrical resistivity tomography. We can interpret at least two different morphogenetic types of depressions. One type are depressions which are periodically inundated uvalas positioned in-between conical hills. The second type are circular depressions within karst plain that are collapse dolines filled with extensive flood deposits up to several metres thick.
The disappearing cryosphere in the southeastern Alps: Introduction to special issue
Authors: Zorn Matija , Komac Blaž , Carrey Anne , Hrvatin Mauro , Ciglič Rok , Lyons Berry
Published: February 2021

Various ice bodies are an important source of paleoenvironmental data, and their study improves the understanding of present and future environmental conditions. Their changes are an important indicator of climate change. This special issue of Acta geographica Slovenica draws attention to the changing and disappearing cryosphere across the globe, with an emphasis on the southeastern Alps, and the necessity to conduct research in this field before the ice disappears forever. This paper briefly summarizes the current body of knowledge on glaciers, permafrost, cave ice, lake and river ice, and snow in the southeastern Alps, and it presents the contribution of Acta geographica Slovenica to this research and the main highlights of all five papers included in this special issue.
Détours artistiques et pratiques translinguistiques au sein d'un scénario télécollaboratif inspiré par le cinéma
Authors: Degache Christian , Silva Regina Célia da
Published: February 2021

Cette étude vise à apprécier quelques effets de deux nouveautés introduites dans un scénario télécollaboratif en intercompréhension proposé aux étudiantes et étudiants de groupes distants, locuteurs de différentes langues romanes : la prédéfinition d'un thème général induit par une sélection de films ; la liberté de définir la tâche finale et ses modalités de réalisation. L'analyse porte sur deux étapes du scénario : l'étape interactionnelle initiale puis l'étape collaborative. Dans la première, l'expression des attentes et celle des étonnements sont identifiées ; dans la seconde, les réalisations de six groupes de travail ayant opté pour une tâche créative sont rapportées. Deux questions sont abordées : en quoi les dimensions esthétique, narrative et sociohistorique des films de la sélection et les nouvelles flexibilités du scénario stimulent-elles distanciation, récit de soi et dynamique créative ? Quelle est la nature des pratiques plurilingues activées ? Les résultats obtenus montrent un impact réel des "détours artistiques" introduits dans la formation, même si cela reste fragile et dépendant, d'une part, d'ajustements du scénario en fonction des contraintes temporelles, institutionnelles et techniques, et, d'autre part, de l'orchestration des outils numériques et des modalités de pilotage et d'accompagnement de la session.
Receding Dependence on Forests
Authors: Vijayah T. Anantha
Published: February 2021

This chapter considers how modernity has affected the livelihood of Paliyar community and how they have been affected by forest dispossession. Whether the weaning away from the forests has been manufactured or part of the systemic exploitation is discernible. The chapter traces the history of the Paliyars, their belief structures, and indigenous knowledge within sacred spaces. The chapter also presents a discussion of the relation between land and spiritual tradition as well as the importance of land to identity, transfer of oral tradition, and indigenous traditional knowledge. Removing the Paliyar from the land continues to erode their tradition, knowledge, and identity.
Accessibility of Land Claims Records at Kruger National Park of South Africa
Authors: Netshakhuma Nkholedzeni Sidney
Published: February 2021

This chapter presents a study conceptualized to assess the accessibility of land claims records preserved at the Kruger National Park (KNP) of South Africa. The study used a qualitative method through document analysis and interviews. The sample of the study comprised land claimants and archivists based at the KNP archives. The key finding revealed land claimants use their democratic rights through the Promotion of Access to Information Act of 2000 to request land claim records from KNP archives. The findings aid tools were essential to assess records preserved in the archives even though some of the records were not found in the park.
The Hauntings and Heart of a Place
Authors: Chalykoff John-Paul Peter Joseph
Published: February 2021

This autoethnographic research presents personal stories from the author, connecting family, land, and music. He recounts stories his Ojibwe grandmother shared about her time in Franz, a small railroad village in northeastern Ontario that is now a ghost town. The connection to Franz is established through memories from his grandmother. Inspired to write a song, the author aimed to reconnect to Franz itself. The study follows the author's personal journey to visit his grandmother's land for the first time, making new connections and stories along the way. The research utilizes Indigenous autoethnography, Indigenous storytelling, and arts-based methods, such as a/r/tography, to link his stories to those of his grandmother, resulting in a reflection of storytelling, community history, and (re)connection to land, woven together by stories from the family matriarch.
An Innovative Approach as Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System for Phytoconstituents
Authors: Talele Swati Gokul , Ahire Eknath Damu , Talele Gokul Shravan , Derle Deelip Vasantrao
Published: February 2021

In recent years, herbal drugs have flourished as the method of rehabilitation of choice in numerous parts of the world and most of populations consider them as alternative conventional medicaments. However, most of the herbal drugs show poor solubility and bioavailability, which ultimately leads to diminished efficacy and frequency of administration. Consequently, self-emulsifying drug delivery system has been highlighted for poor water-soluble herbal medicaments. Self-emulsifying drug delivery system is an isotropic mixture of phytoconstituents, oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant, and subsequent to oral administration spontaneously endures self-emulsification and forms without emulsion as soon as it comes in contact gastric fluid. Most of the researchers and industrialists are attracted towards this novel and emerging technology as it offers various advantages. The chapter focuses on the mechanism of self-emulsifying, benefits of herbal SEDDS, factors affecting herbal SEDDS with formulation and characterisation of it.
Nutraceuticals
Authors: Gupta Charu , Prakash Dhan
Published: February 2021

Therapeutic compounds can be derived from various natural sources like plants, animals, marine organisms, and micro-organisms. Although the marine biota accounts for around 50% of the total world biodiversity, their potential as a rich source of bioactive products and their applications in both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries have only recently been identified through several scientific studies. Marine biotechnology is an upcoming area that involves about the study of marine microorganisms and animals including algae, sponges, and coral as a novel source of bioactive substances that can be used in the treatment of various human diseases like cancer, anaemia, diarrhea, obesity, diabetes, atopic dermatitis, Crohn's disease, etc. Very limited scientific data is available on the bioactive potential of marine microorganisms. This chapter deals with the exploitation of microbes from marine sources as potential sources for various nutraceuticals and their possibilities for applications in a variety of diseases and as functional food supplement.
Effect of NDDS on Polyherbal Formulation
Authors: Waghulde Sandeep Onkar , Khan Nilofar A. , Gorde Nilesh
Published: February 2021

In India, in ancient times, people used plant materials to make drug polyherbal formulations. Herbal drugs have enormous therapeutic potential which can be explored through various beneficial drug delivery systems and novel drug delivery systems. Great advancement has been made in the uses of plant therapeutics on the development of novel herbal formulations like polymeric nanoparticles, nanocapsules, liposomes, phytosomes, nanoemulsions, microsphere, transferosomes, and ethosomes. These formulations have reported having various advantages over the traditional formulations such as improved solubility and bioavailability, reduced toxicity, controlled drug delivery, protections of plant actives from degradation. Also, having the drug targeting properties with improved selectivity, drug delivery, and effectiveness with dose reduction not only increases the safety but also patient compliance.
Skating on Thin Ice at Enti
Authors: Eid Niveen Labib , Akella Devi
Published: February 2021

This case study highlights how various human resources management (HRM) policies and practices at ENTI, a Palestinian non-governmental organization (NGO), can be deconstructed as depersonalized forms of 'workplace bullying' which exert a totalitarian form of control and domination over employees. It further examines how external sociopolitical forces at the macro level can be held responsible for management's autocratic regimes, where employees are closely monitored and psychologically controlled. In pursuit of explaining the complex dynamics of employee relations, workplace bullying, and HRM, the case utilizes an interpretative inquiry based on critical theoretical lens of Foucault's disciplinary power frameworks. HRM in rhetoric is a management responsibility which is primarily concerned with employees, their welfare, growth, and development. However, this case reveals the complete opposite, in the form of startling, critical insights from an under researched sector, that of the (NGOs) which have been historically envisaged as altruistic organizations and ideal workplaces.