bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency in the physiotherapeutic treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Carralero-Martínez A. , Muñoz Pérez M. A. , Pané-Alemany R. , Blanco-Ratto L. , Kauffmann S. , Ramírez-García I.
Published: May 2021

Background

Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a multifactorial disorder that affects 5.7% to 26.6% of women and 2.2% to 9.7% of men, characterized by hypersensitivity of the central and peripheral nervous system affecting bladder and genital function. People with CPPS have much higher rates of psychological disorders (anxiety, depression, and catastrophizing) that increase the severity of chronic pain and worsen quality of life. Myofascial therapy, manual therapy, and treatment of trigger points are proven therapeutic options for this syndrome. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency (CRMRF) at 448 kHz as an adjunct treatment to other physiotherapeutic techniques for reducing pain and improving the quality of life of patients with CPPS.

Methods

This triple-blind (1:1) randomized controlled trial will include 80 women and men with CPPS. Participants will be randomized into a CRMRF activated group or a CRMRF deactivated group and receive physiotherapeutic techniques and pain education. The groups will undergo treatment for 10 consecutive weeks. At the beginning of the trial there will be an evaluation of pain intensity (using VAS), quality of life (using the SF-12), kinesiophobia (using the TSK-11), and catastrophism (using the PCS), as well as at the sixth and tenth sessions.

Discussion

The results of this study will show that CRMRF benefits the treatment of patients with CPPS, together with physiotherapeutic techniques and pain education. These results could offer an alternative conservative treatment option for these patients.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03797911. Registered on 8 January 2019.
Blood-feeding ecology of mosquitoes in two zoological gardens in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hernandez-Colina Arturo , Gonzalez-Olvera Merit , Lomax Emily , Townsend Freya , Maddox Amber , Hesson Jenny C. , Sherlock Kenneth , Ward Dawn , Eckley Lindsay , Vercoe Mark , Lopez Javier , Baylis Matthew
Published: May 2021

Background

Zoological gardens contain unique configurations of exotic and endemic animals and plants that create a diverse range of developing sites and potential sources of blood meals for local mosquitoes. This may imply unusual interspecific pathogen transmission risks involving zoo vertebrates, like avian malaria to captive penguins. Understanding mosquito ecology and host feeding patterns is necessary to improve mosquito control and disease prevention measures in these environments.

Methods

Mosquito sampling took place in Chester Zoo for 3 years (2017, 2018, and 2019) and for 1 year in Flamingo Land (2017) using different trapping methods. Blood-fed mosquitoes were identified and their blood meal was amplified by PCR, sequenced, and blasted for host species identification.

Results

In total, 640 blood-fed mosquitoes were collected [Culex pipiens (n = 497), Culiseta annulata (n = 81), Anopheles maculipennis s.l. (n = 7), An. claviger (n = 1), and unidentifiable (n = 55)]. Successful identification of the host species was achieved from 159 blood-fed mosquitoes. Mosquitoes fed on birds (n = 74), non-human mammals (n = 20), and humans (n = 71). There were mixed blood meals from two hosts (n = 6). The proportions of blood-fed mosquitoes varied across sampling seasons and sites within the zoos. The use of resting traps and aspiration of vegetation were more efficient techniques for capturing blood-fed mosquitoes than traps for host-seeking or gravid mosquitoes. By relating the locations of zoo vertebrates to where fed mosquitoes were trapped, the minimum travelling distances were calculated (13.7 to 366.7 m). Temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, proximity to zoo vertebrate exhibits, and vegetation level were found to be significantly associated with the proportion of captured blood-fed mosquitoes by generalized linear modelling.

Conclusions

Mosquito feeding behaviour in zoos is mainly influenced by time, location (sampling area), temperature, and host availability, which highlights the value of mosquito monitoring in complex settings to plan control strategies and potentially reduce inherent disease transmission risks for humans and threatened zoo vertebrates.

Graphical Abstract
Highly rearranged mitochondrial genome in Falcolipeurus lice (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from endangered eagles
Authors: Nie Yu , Fu Yi-Tian , Zhang Yu , Deng Yuan-Ping , Wang Wei , Tu Ya , Liu Guo-Hua
Published: May 2021

Background

Fragmented mitochondrial (mt) genomes and extensive mt gene rearrangements have been frequently reported from parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). However, relatively little is known about the mt genomes from the family Philopteridae, the most species-rich family within the suborder Ischnocera.

Methods

Herein, we use next-generation sequencing to decode the mt genome of Falcolipeurus suturalis and compare it with the mt genome of F. quadripustulatus. Phylogenetic relationships within the family Philopteridae were inferred from the concatenated 13 protein-coding genes of the two Falcolipeurus lice and members of the family Philopteridae using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods.

Results

The complete mt genome of F. suturalis is a circular, double-stranded DNA molecule 16,659 bp in size that contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and three non-coding regions. The gene order of the F. suturalis mt genome is rearranged relative to that of F. quadripustulatus, and is radically different from both other louse species and the putative ancestral insect. Phylogenetic analyses revealed clear genetic distinctiveness between F. suturalis and F. quadripustulatus (Bayesian posterior probabilities = 1.0 and bootstrapping frequencies = 100), and that the genus Falcolipeurus is sister to the genus Ibidoecus (Bayesian posterior probabilities = 1.0 and bootstrapping frequencies = 100).

Conclusions

These datasets help to better understand gene rearrangements in lice and the phylogenetic position of Falcolipeurus and provide useful genetic markers for systematic studies of bird lice.

Graphical Abstract
Atypical presentation of colorectal carcinoma with sole multiple osteolytic bone metastases: a case report
Authors: Kawamura Ren , Suzuki Yudai , Harada Yukinori , Shimizu Taro
Published: May 2021

Background

The incidence of colorectal cancer in persons aged < 50 years has been increasing. The diagnosis of colorectal cancer is not difficult if the patient has typical symptoms; however, diagnosis may be difficult in cases with atypical symptoms and signs. We present here an atypical case of metastatic colorectal cancer with fever and sudden onset paraplegia as the sole manifestations. The patient had multiple osteolytic lesions without gastrointestinal symptoms or signs, which resulted in a diagnostic delay of colorectal cancer.

Case presentation

A 46-year-old Japanese man was transferred to our hospital for evaluation of fever. He had developed fever 8 weeks previously and had been first admitted to another hospital 5 weeks ago. The patient was initially placed on antibiotics based on the suspicion of a bacterial infection. During the hospital stay, the patient experienced a sudden onset of paralysis and numbness in his both legs. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an epidural mass at the level of Th11, and the patient underwent a laminectomy. Epidural abscess and vertebral osteomyelitis were suspected, and antimicrobial treatment was continued. However, his fever persisted, and he was transferred to our hospital. Chest, abdominal, and pelvic computed tomography (CT) with contrast showed diffusely distributed osteolytic lesions. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron-emission tomography showed high fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation in multiple discrete bone structures; however, no significant accumulation was observed in the solid organs or lymph nodes. A CT-guided bone biopsy obtained from the left iliac bone confirmed the evidence of metastatic adenocarcinoma based on immunohistochemistry. A subsequent colonoscopy showed a Borrmann type II tumor in the sigmoid colon, which was confirmed to be a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. As a result of shared decision-making, the patient chose palliative care.

Conclusions

Although rare, osteolytic bone metastases as the sole manifestation can occur in patients with colorectal cancer. In patients with conditions difficult to diagnose, physicians should prioritize the necessary tests based on differential diagnoses by analytical clinical reasoning, taking into consideration the patient’s clinical manifestation and the disease epidemiology. Bone biopsies are usually needed in patients only with sole osteolytic bone lesions; however, other rapid and useful non-invasive diagnostic tests can be also useful for narrowing the differential diagnosis.
RBP: a website fingerprinting obfuscation method against intelligent fingerprinting attacks
Authors: Luo Tao , Wang LiangMin , Yin ShangNan , Shentu Hao , Zhao Hui
Published: May 2021

Edge computing has developed rapidly in recent years due to its advantages of low bandwidth overhead and low delay, but it also brings challenges in data security and privacy. Website fingerprinting (WF) is a passive traffic analysis attack that threatens website privacy which poses a great threat to user’s privacy and web security. It collects network packets generated while a user accesses website, and then uses a series of techniques to discover patterns of network packets to infer the type of website user accesses. Many anonymous networks such as Tor can meet the need of hide identity from users in network activities, but they are also threatened by WF attacks. In this paper, we propose a website fingerprinting obfuscation method against intelligent fingerprinting attacks, called Random Bidirectional Padding (RBP). It is a novel website fingerprinting defense technology based on time sampling and random bidirectional packets padding, which can covert the real packets distribution to destroy the Inter-Arrival Time (IAT) features in the traffic sequence and increase the difference between the datasets with random bidirectional virtual packets padding. We evaluate the defense against state-of-the-art website fingerprinting attacks in real scenarios, and show its effectiveness.
Correction to: Advances in the automated synthesis of 6-[18F]Fluoro-L-DOPA
Authors: Neves Ângela C. B. , Hrynchak Ivanna , Fonseca Inês , Alves Vítor H. P. , Pereira Mariette M. , Falcão Amílcar , Abrunhosa Antero J.
Published: May 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Reproductive Hormone Concentrations and Associated Anatomical Responses: Does Soy Formula Affect Minipuberty in Boys?
Authors: Chin Helen B , Kelly Andrea , Adgent Margaret A , Patchel Stacy A , James Kerry , Vesper Hubert W , Botelho Julianne C , Chandler Donald Walt , Zemel Babette S , Schall Joan I , Ford Eileen G , Darge Kassa , Stallings Virginia A , Baird Donna D , Rogan Walter J , Umbach David M
Published: May 2021

Context

Soy formula feeding is common in infancy and is a source of high exposure to phytoestrogens, documented to influence vaginal cytology in female infants. Its influence on minipuberty in males has not been established.

Objective

To assess the association between infant feeding practice and longitudinally measured reproductive hormones and hormone-responsive tissues in infant boys.

Methods

The Infant Feeding and Early Development study was a prospective cohort of maternal–infant dyads requiring exclusive soy formula, cow milk formula, or breast milk feeding during study follow-up. In the 147 infant boy participants, serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, stretched penile length, anogenital distance, and testis volume were longitudinally assessed from birth to 28 weeks. We examined feeding-group differences in age trajectories for these outcomes using mixed-effects regression splines.

Results

Median serum testosterone was at pubertal levels at 2 weeks (176 ng/dL [quartiles: 124, 232]) and remained in this range until 12 weeks in all feeding groups. We did not observe differences in trajectories of hormone concentrations or anatomical measures between boys fed soy formula (n = 55) and boys fed cow milk formula (n = 54). Compared with breastfed boys (n = 38), soy formula–fed boys had a more rapid increase in penile length (P = .004) and slower initial lengthening of anogenital distance (P = .03), but no differences in hormone trajectories.

Conclusion

Reproductive hormone concentrations and anatomical responses followed similar trajectories in soy and cow milk formula–fed infant boys. Our findings suggest that these measures of early male reproductive development do not respond to phytoestrogen exposure during infancy.
The Role of Anesthesiologists in Perioperative Limitation of Potentially Life-Sustaining Medical Treatments: A Narrative Review and Perspective
Authors: Cushman Tera , Waisel David B. , Treggiari Miriam M.
Published: May 2021

No patient arrives at the hospital to undergo general anesthesia for its own sake. Anesthesiology is a symbiont specialty, with the primary mission of preventing physical and psychological pain, easing anxiety, and shepherding physiologic homeostasis so that other care may safely progress. For most elective surgeries, the patient-anesthesiologist relationship begins shortly before and ends after the immediate perioperative period. While this may tempt anesthesiologists to defer goals of care discussions to our surgical or primary care colleagues, we have both an ethical and a practical imperative to share this responsibility. Since the early 1990s, the American College of Surgeons (ACS), the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), and the Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses (AORN) have mandated a “required reconsideration” of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders. Key ethical considerations and guiding principles informing this “required reconsideration” have been extensively discussed in the literature and include respect for patient autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence. In this article, we address how well these principles and guidelines are translated into daily clinical practice and how often anesthesiologists actually discuss goals of care or potential limitations to life-sustaining medical treatments (LSMTs) before administering anesthesia or sedation. Having done so, we review how often providers implement goal-concordant care, that is, care that reflects and adheres to the stated patient wishes. We conclude with describing several key gaps in the literature on goal-concordance of perioperative care for patients with limitations on LSMT and summarize novel strategies and promising efforts described in recent literature to improve goal-concordance of perioperative care.
Bodies Underwater
Authors: Strack Franziska
Published: May 2021

This article engages with French filmmaker Jean Painlevé’s experimental shorts on the physiognomy and behavior of marine animals. The article argues that Painlevé’s films establish a corporeal and nonlinguistic mode of interspecies communication that draws upon the spectators’ immediate emphatic and empathetic reactions to the animal creatures on-screen. By evoking affective responses below the visible and audible registers, the films place the human animal body both in proximity to and at a distance from the nonhuman animal, revealing ontological ties as well as uncanny encounters with other ways of living. In doing so, the films inspire a plurality of ethico-political perspectives on species entanglement that all propose distinct responsibilities without making any organism the center of agentic events. To illuminate those perspectives, the article brings Painlevé’s films into conversation with Massumi’s animal politics, Deleuze and Guattari’s idea of becoming-animal, and neuroscientific research. It thus shows how the cinematic medium can make palpable debates in environmental studies and political theory and installs communication as an interspecies phenomenon that involves human and nonhuman bodies in a shared affective space. Last, the article reclaims Painlevé for contemporary concerns, linking aesthetics to ethics and politics and bodily movement to care for the world.
Coastal Futures Conservatory
Authors: Jenkins Willis
Published: May 2021

This article develops an account of listening as a model for integrating inquiries into rapid environmental change from arts, sciences, and humanities. The account is structured around interpretation of the Coastal Futures Conservatory (CFC), an initiative for integrating arts and humanities into the Long-Term Ecological Research Project at the Virginia Coast Reserve. The CFC organizes collaborative inquiry and public engagement around several kinds of listening, from field recordings and designed listening stations as practices of attentiveness to scientific data by sonifying data sets, across disciplines by commissioning convergent lines of research from humanities and sciences, and across political boundaries by creating cross-coastal exchanges. Working from reflection on CFC practices, the author evaluates the potential and the limits of a pivot from ocular to aural metaphors of creating environmental knowledge as well as the potential and limits of listening as a model for integrating that knowledge. The author then questions integration as metaphor for multidisciplinary collaboration by testing its openness to listening beyond human worlds. The article closes by arguing for the role of contemplative practices in developing “transformative listening” as a way to connect environmental sciences with processes of moral and political formation.
Annotation of the local context of RNA secondary structure improves the classification and prediction of A-minors
Authors: Shalybkova Anna A. , Mikhailova Darya S. , Kulakovskiy Ivan V. , Fakhranurova Liliia I. , Baulin Eugene F.
Published: May 2021

Noncoding RNAs play a crucial role in various cellular processes in living organisms, and RNA functions heavily depend on molecule structures composed of stems, loops, and various tertiary motifs. Among those, the most frequent are A-minor interactions, which are often involved in the formation of more complex motifs such as kink-turns and pseudoknots. We present a novel classification of A-minors in terms of RNA secondary structure where each nucleotide of an A-minor is attributed to the stem or loop, and each pair of nucleotides is attributed to their relative position within the secondary structure. By analyzing classes of A-minors in known RNA structures, we found that the largest classes are mostly homogeneous and preferably localize with known A-minor co-motifs, such as tetraloop–tetraloop receptor and coaxial stacking. Detailed analysis of local A-minors within internal loops revealed a novel recurrent RNA tertiary motif, the across-bulged motif. Interestingly, the motif resembles the previously known GAAA/11nt motif but with the local adenines performing the role of the GAAA-tetraloop. By using machine learning, we show that particular classes of local A-minors can be predicted from sequence and secondary structure. The proposed classification is the first step toward automatic annotation of not only A-minors and their co-motifs but various types of RNA tertiary motifs as well.
Nanoparticle sensor arrays on flexible substrates
Authors: Ασλανίδης Ευάγγελος
Published: May 2021

Το κύριο αντικείμενο της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η ανάπτυξη και μελέτη λειτουργίας εύκαμπτων αισθητήρων παραμόρφωσης με βάση μεταλλικά νανοσωματίδια πλατίνας. Επιπλέον, παρουσιάζεται πώς αναπτύχθηκαν λεπτά φιλμ από Al2O3 (αλουμίνα) από την τεχνική εναπόθεσης ατομικής στρώσης (Atonic Layer Deposition ALD) για την προστασία των αισθητήρων από την υγρασία. Πραγματοποιήθηκε μελέτη σχετικά με τα χαρακτηριστικά των αισθητήρων παραμόρφωσης πριν και μετά την απόθεση της αλουμίνας. Επιπρόσθετα, η ήδη υπάρχουσα θεωρία που περιγράφει τη συμπεριφορά των αισθητήρων παραμόρφωσης βασισμένων σε νανοσωματίδια, εμπλουτίστηκε προκειμένου να συμπεριλάβει και τα νανοσωματίδια που φτιάχνονται με ιοντοβολή. Καθ 'όλη τη διάρκεια της μελέτης, προσδιορίστηκε με επιτυχία το κρίσιμο πάχος του φιλμ αλουμίνας για την απομόνωση και την επαρκή προστασία των νανοσωματιδίων από την υγρασία. Εκτός από αυτό, αναπτύχθηκε μία προσομοίωση Monte Carlo, που γράφτηκε στο Matlab, για να προβλέψει τις ευαισθησίες διαφόρων φιλμ νανοσωματιδίων υπό παραμόρφωση. Η προσομοίωση είναι ικανή να προβλέψει την ευαισθησία στην παραμόρφωση για διαφορετικές διαμέτρους (μεγέθη) νανοσωματιδίων καθώς και για διαφορετικές επιφανειακές καλύψεις, και αναδύεται ως ένα ισχυρό υπολογιστικό εργαλείο για το σχεδιασμό και τη βελτιστοποίηση συσκευών με βάση νανοσωματίδια. Η προσομοίωση θα μπορούσε να επεκταθεί και σε άλλα νανοσύνθετα υλικά που χρησιμοποιούνται σε εφαρμογές με εύκαμπτα ή ελαστικά ηλεκτρονικά. Επιπλέον, παρουσιάζονται κάποιοι εξαιρετικά ευαίσθητοι εύκαμπτοι αισθητήρες παραμόρφωσης που σχηματίστηκαν από ένα δίκτυο μεταλλικών νανοσωματιδίων πάνω από ένα ραγισμένο λεπτό φιλμ αλουμίνας. Η ευαισθησία των αισθητήρων εξαρτάται από την πυκνότητα της επιφάνειας των νανοσωματιδίων καθώς και από το πάχος της αλουμίνας. Και οι δύο παράμετροι μπορούν να ελεγχθούν πολύ καλά μέσω των τεχνικών εναπόθεσης. Οι αισθητήρες έδειξαν την μεγαλύτερη ευαισθησία που είχε δημοσιευθεί, έως την ημέρα τις συγγραφής, της τάξης των 2,6 x Ε8. Αυτή η τιμή επιτεύχθηκε από τους αισθητήρες για παραμορφώσεις έως 7,2%, ενώ παράλληλα εμφάνισαν υψηλή ευαισθησία σε μεγάλο εύρος παραμορφώσεων από 0,1% έως 7,2%. Η ανάλυση ακολουθείται και από μια συζήτηση που φωτίζει τη φυσική κατανόηση της λειτουργίας του αισθητήρα, η οποία επιτρέπει τον συντονισμό της απόδοσής του σύμφωνα με τις παραπάνω παραμέτρους. Τέλος, αναπτύχθηκε μια διάταξη από αισθητήρες παραμόρφωσης πάνω σε ένα γάντι που μετρήθηκαν από ένα προσαρμοσμένο κύκλωμα. Οι μετρήσεις του κυκλώματος συγκρίθηκαν με μετρήσεις από ένα Keithley 2400 και βρέθηκαν να είναι πολύ ακριβείς στο εύρος λειτουργίας του κυκλώματος.
Investigating the Impact of Social Interaction on Consumers' Purchasing Behavior in Social Commerce Platform
Authors:   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, Ashoer Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Abstract. S-commerce is a modern trend in the field of internet trading, which uses social media as the medium for transactions. To study this rising propensity, we examine how social interaction affects the consumer's s-commerce purchasing behavior. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and the 189 respondents were selected according to predetermined criteria. The data processing approach employed Structural Equation Model (SEM) - Partial Least Square (PLS) with SmartPLS 3.0 software assistant. The results showed that social interaction had a positive and significant effect on trust and intention to purchase, trust had a positive and significant impact on purchase intention and s-commerce purchasing behaviour, and purchase intention had positive and significant influence on s-commerce purchasing berhavior. In contrast, the consumer's social interaction effect toward s-commerce purchasing behavior was insignificant. The results are expected to provide a comprehensive understanding in term of consumer's behavior in social media and its consequences for the s-commerce market strategy in Indonesia. Keywords: Social interaction, trust, purchase intention, s-commerce purchasing behavior, SEM-PLS
Influence of Low-Cost Carrier Attributes towards Airline Choice Decision in Bandung-Surabaya Route
Authors:   School of Business and Management, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia, Idham Idham , Belgiawan Prawira Fajarindra , Putri Christina Ari Pramono
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The number of Indonesian domestic passengers which increased rapidly has encouraged for the airlines to expand their market share by opening routes in the local region and one of the promising region is Bandung. In early 2019, the Low-Cost Carrier has implemented paid baggage policy. The changes of airline conditions and regulations could affect consumer purchasing decisions. The airline have to redesign its strategies and conduct a strategy adjusment to identify the consumer's needs and wants these days. Based on the problem description, this research aims to identify what significant attributes influence passenger's purchasing decision-making and determine what elastic and inelastic attributes. Data collection using an online questionnaire then spread to 235 respondents and were analyzed with Mixed Logit Model using BIOGEME software. The results shows that airline's departure time is a significant attribute towards passenger's airline choice. Ticket price also plays a key role in selecting an airline for passengers when the ticket price increases, Passenger will consider choosing other alternative airlines that are more affordable. The results could be used by an airline company to attract the passenger by improving its marketing strategy. Keywords: Low-cost carrier, airline choice, airline attribute, mixed logit, demand elasticities
INFLUENCE OF INNOVATIVE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON WINTER WHEAT YIELD IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION FOREST-STEPPE
Authors: Zudilin Sergey , Chukhnina Natal'y
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study is to increase the yield of winter wheat with the use of innovative organic fertilizers during overall tillage in conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region. The research was conducted in the period involving 2017-2020. The Svetoch variety winter wheat plants, were subjected to the research. In the field experiment, organic fertilizers were applied at different tillage treatment stages. The fertilizers use during early spring sowing or winter crops aftergrowing contributed to an increase of moisture content in the meter-depth soil layer by
0.8-1.3%. Winter wheat harvesting was not affected by the soil moisture significantly depending either on fertilizers used or main tillage treatment. The organic fertilizers use led to a slight decrease in soil compaction during the sowing of early spring crops or winter wheat spring aftergrowing compared to the option without fertilizers. The in-troduction of fresh manure led to a certain increase in the contamination of crops, after the introduction of other or-ganic fertilizers studied, the number of residues and their weight was less, and no significant differences were ob-served between the variants. Factor A showed (organic fertilizers applied) during periods of 2017-2020 the yield of winter wheat was – 2.95 t/ha; fertilizers were not applied, when 30 t/ha of manure applied – 3.32 t/ha; dry organic fertilizer use – 3.35 t/ha; and liquid one – 3.36 t/ha; biohumus – 3.32 t/ha. An increase of winter wheat yield from the action of organic fertilizers was 0.37-0.41 t/ha (or 12.5-13.9%). According to factor B (main tillage), the crop yield amounted to: when plowing by 20-22 cm – 3.33 t/ha; surface tillage by 10-12 cm – 3.25 t/ha; without autumn cultural practice – 3.19 t/ha. The use of resource-saving tillage reduced the winter wheat yield by 0.08-0.14 t/ha (or by 2.5-4.4 %), that is, without a significant difference between the options.
MANURE EXTRUSION FROM HIGH-MOISTURE POULTRY WASTE
Authors: Frolov Dmitrii , Kurochkin Anatoliy , Potapov Maksim
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the research is the reduction of high-moisture poultry waste to a condition effective for high-quality manure extrusion. The idea of extrusion technology use for poultry waste is considered. Bird dropping is effective raw material to be used as organic fertilizer, containing elements necessary for plant nutrition. Before entering the soil, the waste requires processing. The working ability of a single-screw extruder is limited by moisture of the pro-cessed raw materials (15...30%). High-moisture poultry waste is poorly homogenized and does not provide an ef-fective porous structure of processed components at the exit from the extruder die. An effective design and techno-logical scheme of an extruder for wet poultry waste processing is proposed, involving mixing it with various fillers and drying it for extrusion to obtain a manure of the required quality. The main goal of the study is the limitation of liquid content in high-moisture poultry waste with fillers to a condition that ensures the production of effective organ-ic manure. The litter components or plant waste are selected as bulkier material. To ensure an effective work of the extruder in terms of its energy saving ability, the moisture content of the vegetative bulkier material should amount to 5...15%. Pre-grinding of bulkier material is to be provided for achieving the required particle size of the filler re-sulting in better moisture absorption. The development of the manure composition for energy saving technology was based on the selection of a effective ratio of the components to be mixed. As a result of the evaluation of the moisture content in mixture components, it was concluded that the bird dropping with litter is the least wet and can be processed using the proposed extruder without adding filler; bird dropping of young and adult birds are subject to extrusion, provided that they are mixed with vegetative bulkier material in the ratio of 1:1 and 1:2, respectively.
RELATIONSHIP OF LAMB INTERIOR INDICATORS OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES WITH THEIR PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Baymishev Khamidulla , Traisov Baluash , Baymishev Murat , Esengaliev Kayrly
Published: May 2021

The aim of the research is increasing the productive indicators of replacement sheep of different genotypes by im-proving the interior indicators. To conduct the research, three groups of ewe hoggs with 20 heads each were formed: 1 group – ewe hoggs born from stud rams and Akzhaik ewes (AKSHM x AKSHM); 2 group – ewe hoggs born from stud rams of the North Caucasian breed and Akzhaik ewes (SK x AKSHM); 3 group – ewe hoggs born from Kuibyshev stud ram breed and Akzhaik ewes (KB x AKSHM). Blood parameters, live weight at the age of 4 and 8 months, hair cut at the age of 8 months was studied of animals of these groups. It was found that blood parame-ters of the ewe hoggs of different genotypes have significant differences and these affect the indicators of growth intensity and hair cutting. The content of red blood cells and hemoglobin of ewe hoggs from group 3 was higher by 0.551012/l and 9.32 g/l, respectively, than of ones from group 1. The biochemical blood parameters of crossbred ewe hoggs from groups 3 and 2 at 4 and 8 months of age in terms of total protein by 2.84 and 4.73 g/l, glucose – by 0.86 and 1.02 mmol/l exceeded the results of purebred Akzhaik ewe hoggs. Crossbreds of groups 2 and 3 in the 8-month age were superior to their herdmates of Akzhaik breed in live weight by 3.04 and 2.74 kg, and the washed wool cut –
by 0.18 and 0.24 kg, respectively.
MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE GENERAL COVER IN SHORT-HAIRED FELINE BREEDS
Authors: Slesarenko Natal'ya , Zagorec Polina
Published: May 2021

The aim of the research is characterization of the skin change of the feline family, depending on the breed charac-teristics of the animals. Clarification of relations, breed-specific features of skin of representatives of the felines fam-ily in order to establish the predominant for the development of dermatotropic pathologies is one of the urgent tasks of clinical morphology and dermatology. The general regularities and breed features of the skin cover of short-haired cat were established, taking into account its regional anatomical and physiological features. The inverse relationship between the epidermis thickness and the density of the hair cover of the studied animals was revealed, regardless of the breed identity. A specific glomerate collagen morphology of dermis was found typical for all cats of short-haired breeds. The research was carried out at the Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology named after Professor
A. F. Klimov, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology after Scriabin, MBA. The object of the study involved 27 individuals of short-haired cats of reproductive age (2-5 years), including Siamese (n=5), Russian blue (n=5), Burmese (n=6), British short-haired (n=7), Bengal (n=4). The research material is the skin. A comprehensive methodological approach was used, including anatomical dissection, light microscopy of histologi-cal sections, micro-morphometry, and statistical analysis of the obtained digital data. The results obtained are the basic for assessing the morphological and functional skin state and identifying morphological changes that occur in the conditions of skin damage repair.
THERAPEUTIC AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR COLIBACTERIOSIS IN INDUSTRIAL POULTRY FARMING
Authors: Nuraliev Eris , Kushaliev Kaisar
Published: May 2021

The aim of the research is improving measures for the prevention of periodic colisepticaemia infection of hens in industrial poultry farming. To ensure reliable protection of the poultry flock and break the epizootological chain, an optimal scheme of therapeutic measures was developed for chickens of the Rhodonit 3, Hajseks Braun, Braun Nik crosses. Therapeutic measures were carried out in private farms as of causative agent of infection for industrial poultry farming. In the course of conducting an administrative control of private farms of entrepreneurs engaged in incubation, breeding and keeping in exercise pens chickens, guinea fowls, pheasants and turkeys in exercise pens, it was found that periodic mortality of birds from colisepticaemia was the result of violations or non-implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures. Past-mortem examination of non-incubated chickens, tur-keys, guinea fowls and pheasants revealed pathanatomical changes in liver, lungs, heart, and kidneys. In the ex-periment with colistin antibiotic use, of the polypeptide group, which is active in regard to colibacillosis, the flock of 126990 heads participated. With oral use, colistin is practically not absorbed, it is not exposed to digestive en-zymes, thus creating a high colistin antibacterial concentration in the intestine. In an experimental poultry farm, 30- and 60-days-old chickens were treated with the colistin AVZ antibiotic. The drug was prescribed at the rate of 1 liter of the antibiotic colistin AVZ per 4000 liters of drinking water. The colistin AVZ solution was prepared just before drinking and chickens had it during 2 hours after morning feeding for 7 days (the same procedure was repeated until the flock reached 60 days of age). Chickens were not given antibiotics of the controlled farm. After the antibiotic treatment, the safety of the flock was controlled on the daily basis. A Past-mortem examination was performed with a pathoanatomical diagnosis determination and subsequent laboratory test of the pathological material. The bird mortality in the experimental poultry farm was significantly less (949 heads for the entire period of the experiment) than that in the control group
(6931 heads).
THE EFFECT OF BISOLBI ON BIOCHEMICAL AND PRODUCTIVE PROCESSES OF THE HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CALVES
Authors: Molyanova Galina , Nogotkov Maksim
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the research is increasing the average daily gain of animals due to the use of the Bisolbi drug. The effect of Bisolbi preparation based on Bacillus subtilis H-13 1.5×108 (LLC «Bisolbi-Inter») on the biochemical and productive life of calves was studied. The scientific and production experiment was carried out on the basis of a dairy farm of the State «Kupinskoe» Unitary Enterprise of the Samara region involving 30 Holstein-Friesian calves. The biological effect of the drug is provided due to its adsorption properties, the ability to enhance the activity of a number of enzyme systems and increase the digestive and systemic immunity of the body. The drug use increases the integration intensity of animals: the amount of total protein in the blood serum of calves of the experimental group at
120 days of age was higher by 8.9% (p<0.05), albumin – by 9.2% (p<0.01), compared with the animal data of con-trolled group. The Bisolbi indication contributed to an increase in the intensity of carbohydrate-lipoid metabolism: the cholesterol amount was higher by 23% (p<0.01), the glucose content – by 0.4 mmol/l (p<0.05) in the blood of
120 day old calves of the experimental group, compared with the data of controlled animals. It was found that the body weight of calves in the control group of 100 days age was 105.23±2.11 kg, in the experimental group – 108.6±2.19 kg, which is 3.37 kg higher. The average daily weight gain of animals in experimental group was signif-icantly higher by 0.075 kg (p<0.01). At 120 days of age, the body weight of the experimental calves was higher by 4.19 kg (p<0.05), the average daily weight gain by 0.080 kg (p<0.05), compared with the data of the controlled ani-mals. The indication of Bisolbi 5-10 ml (LLC «Bisolbi-Inter») to calves daily for 2 months resulted in an additional profit constructively of 137 rubles from each head.
REASIL HUMICVET AND REASIL HUMIC HEALTH SUPPLEMENTS BASED ON HUMIC ACIDS IN THE DIETS OF DAIRY CALVES
Authors: Frolkin Andrei , Valitov Haidar , Varakin Aleksandr , Kornilova Valentina
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the research is to increase the effectiveness of the supplement Reasil on the growth of milk-fed calves. For the scientific and economic experience, three groups of calves were formed (control, 1 and 2 experi-enced). Groups of animals of 10 heads were formed according to the principle of analogues. The indicators of live weight, growth and blood of calves were studied after Reasil use in a diet: Reasil HumicVet as a liquid form, and Reasil Humic Health – reduced to powder. In the experiment, animals of a black-and-white breed were used. The Reasil feeding in the diet contributed to an increase in the live weight of milk-fed calves in the 1-st and the 2-nd experimental groups at two months of age by 5.65 and 5.48 kg (or by 7.4 and 7.2%), respectively, compared to the indicator of the control group analogues. The average daily growth of calves of the experimental groups exceeded this indicator of control animals by 96 and 82 g, respectively. The blood of calves of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, showed that hematoglobin was higher by 15.7 and 11.4%, red blood cells – by 16.5 and 15.1%, and the alkaline reserve – by 5.2%, compared with blood of calves from the control group, which indicates the activation of metabolic processes in the body. The total protein amount in the blood serum of animals from the experimental groups increased by 8.4 and 5.9% respectively, compared to the tests of calves from the control group. The albu-min content of animals of the 1st experimental group tested was higher by 5.3%; from the 2nd experimental group there was no significant difference compared to the control. The number of gamma-globulins in the blood of ani-mals of the experimental groups increased, which indicates an increase in defense reaction of animals. The con-tent of calcium in the blood serum of calves from the experimental groups was higher by 8.3 and 5.9%, phosphorus – by 4.8 and 2.4%, which indicates a more effective use of these mineral elements.
El idioma español en sus primeros tiempos
Authors: Herederos Ramón Menéndez Pidal , Fernández Alcaide Marta
Published: May 2021

En 2019 se cumplieron 150 años del nacimiento de D. Ramón Menéndez Pidal. Su monumental trabajo filológico sigue formando, motivando y entusiasmando a nuevas generaciones de lingüistas históricos (cf. Antelo Iglesias 1993; Pérez Pascual 2014) y su huella puede encontrarse en lugares insospechados. Conmemorarlo es lo que pretenden estas páginas que preceden a la reedición de una de sus numerosísimas obras, El idioma español en sus primeros tiempos. La primera edición en la editorial Espasa-Calpe es de 1942 y la que ha servido para reeditarlo ahora ha sido la séptima, fechada en 1968, año en que D. Ramón falleció y, por tanto, la última en la que hubo modificaciones, aunque llego a existir hasta una novena, de 1979, que fue solo ya reimpresión. No obstante, la obra apareció anteriormente en la colección de Manuales Hispania (Serie B, Cultura 2) en la editorial madrileña Voluntad en 1927, es decir, quince años antes de la primera de Espasa.
CUANDO LA PINTURA AMPLÍA LA ARQUITECTURA: INTERVENCIONES REALIZADAS EN EL ESPACIO PÚBLICO
Authors: Alcaide Ramírez Aurora , Ruiz-Abellón Ana
Published: May 2021

El artículo analiza cuatro intervenciones pictóricas llevadas a cabo en el espacio público en las que la pintura actúa sobre la arquitectura, y a veces también sobre el pavimento y mobiliario urbano colindante, produciendo una resignificación del lugar. Los proyectos seleccionados, The museum of gravity, de Krijn de Koning; Color Jam, de Jessica Stockholder; Rockaway, de Katharina Grosse y la intervención en la empresa Flax Art & Design de Heather Day, amplían la arquitectura intervenida posibilitando maneras diversas de experimentarla y percibirla. Para conseguir este fin, estas propuestas se materializan mediante composiciones abstractas (geométricas o gestuales-orgánicas) en las que el color detenta el máximo protagonismo, suponiendo un aporte adicio-nal a la tonalidad original del entorno arquitectónico sobre el que se aplica, generalmente neutra y sin ninguna función específica. Entre las principales conclusiones del estudio destaca la utilización del color en todas las propuestas por su valor intrínseco y por su capacidad para transformar la percepción de las propiedades formales de la arquitectura intervenida; la unión de pasado y presente en dos de ellas, al actuar sobre edificios en ruinas o abandonados; la reversibilidad o carácter efímero de la mayoría de los proyectos; el diálogo con el entorno; la aproximación al urbanismo táctico en diferentes sentidos y el alejamiento de un plantea-miento puramente decorativista.
The Effect of Price on Firm Reputation
Authors: Luca Michael , Reshef Oren
Published: May 2021

Although a business’s reputation can affect its pricing, prices can also affect its reputation. To explore the effect of prices on reputation, we investigate daily data on menu prices and online ratings from a large rating and ordering platform. We find that a price increase of 1% leads to a decrease of 3%–5% in the average rating. Consistent with this, the overall distribution of ratings for cheaper restaurants is similar to that of more expensive restaurants. Finally, these effects do not seem to be driven by consumer retaliation against price changes but by changes in absolute price levels.

This paper was accepted by Duncan Simester, marketing.
Procedures, perspective and controlling the controllables
Authors: Greenaway Beth
Published: May 2021

Beth Greenaway explains how she copes with the challenges and setbacks associated with her condition by focusing on the parts of life she can control and taking steps to manage her mental health.
A randomised clinical study on the postoperative use of two commercially available ostomy seals (STEPS study)
Authors: Harris Liz , Skountrianos George , Drolshagen Colleen
Published: May 2021

Background:

Ostomy seals are an accessory product used to enhance the fit of an ostomy skin barrier. Research into the clinical and health economic impact of ostomy seals is limited.

Aims:

To evaluate the clinical and economic impact of two commercially available ostomy seals when used on patients with a newly created stoma, 1–2 days postoperatively.

Methods:

A non-powered, exploratory, multi-centre, two-country, open-label, parallel-randomised clinical study was conducted. Patients were randomised to the Dansac TRE Seal (Dansac A/S, Fredensborg, Denmark) or the Coloplast Brava Protective Seal (Coloplast A/S, Humlebæk, Denmark) and were followed up to 9 weeks after the stoma was created. Clinical outcomes were primarily assessed via the validated Pittman Ostomy Complication Severity Index (OCSI). Economic outcomes were assessed via the collection of stoma-related healthcare resource use. Satisfaction measures with seal performance were also collected.

Findings:

In total, 42 participants were enrolled (20 TRE and 22 Brava). Lower peristomal skin complication (PSC) incidence (TRE 50.0% vs Brava 72.7%; p=.16), greater PSC resolution (TRE 70.0% vs Brava 43.8%; p=.22) and slightly less severe peristomal and stomal complications (average OCSI score TRE 2.2 vs Brava 3.4; p=.19) were observed in the TRE group. On average, participants in the TRE group used 1.3 seals per day compared with 1.4 seals per day for those in the Brava group (p=.83). Lastly, 100% of clinicians and 100% of patients reported positive satisfaction with the overall performance of TRE and Brava seals.

Conclusions:

Participants randomised to TRE seal were observed to have lower PSC incidence, greater PSC resolution and slightly less severe peristomal and stomal complications relative to participants using the Brava seal. No substantive differences were found in stoma-related healthcare resource use. Positive satisfaction was noted for both ostomy seals. Study results provided valuable insights into the postoperative use of ostomy seals for individuals with newly created ostomies.
Introduction
Authors: Leopold Mark
Published: May 2021

This introductory chapter provides an overview of Idi Amin Dada, the president of Uganda between 1971 and 1979. More than forty years after his overthrow and eighteen years after his death, he remains a key point of reference in Ugandan culture and politics. Elsewhere in the world, his name has become synonymous with brutal and psychotic African dictatorship. In many of the popular and sensational texts, a racist anthropology relates Amin's atrocities to the supposed traditional ways of the Kakwa tribe; in some of the more academic work, his origins link his actions, through deep historical roots, to aspects of Nile Valley history and the wider North-East African past. Most Ugandans and historians of Uganda agree that his rule, covering eight years in the 1970s, was a crucial period in the collapse of the Ugandan economy and society, though the process worsened after his departure. The chapter then explains that Amin's image as an icon of evil came about because he fits, almost parodically, the long-standing stereotype of African masculinity as intrinsically violent, irrational, autocratic, and dangerous.
Decline and Fall
Authors: Leopold Mark
Published: May 2021

This chapter studies Idi Amin's downfall. It begins by detailing how the death of Anglican Archbishop Janani Luwum led to wide international condemnation and galvanised the many competing opposition groups among the exiles. Between February 28 and March 3, 1978, a closed session of the UN Commission on Human Rights finally agreed to launch a formal investigation of human rights abuses in Uganda. By the end of 1978, the Tanzanian army, with a considerably smaller number of Ugandan refugee fighters, had massed in force near the border. In January of 1979, they crossed into Uganda. The key factor in the Tanzanians' victory was the overall weakness of the Ugandan troops. The chapter then explains how Amin's regime had destroyed much of the social solidarity and national feeling which had just about held the country together in the face of ethnic rivalries under the first Obote administration. This became evident in the chaos that followed the Tanzanian invasion, and especially under Milton Obote's second regime. Finally, the chapter describes Amin's retirement and analyses how he survived in power for so long.