bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CFD modelling of flashing flows for nuclear safety analysis: possibilities and challenges
Authors: Liao Yixiang
Published: March 2024

Because of its relevance for the safety analysis of pressurized water reactors (PWR), many research activities on flashing flows in pipes and nozzles arose from the mid of last century. Most of them have been focused on the critical mass flow rate and transient pressure or temperature fluctuations by means of experiments and system codes. Since the beginning of this century, owing to the increase in computer speed and capacity, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is being used more and more in the investigation of flashing flows, which has the advantage of providing three-dimensional insights in the internal flow structure as well as its evolution. This work presents an overview of relevant flashing scenarios in the nuclear safety analysis, and focuses on the discussion about possibilities and challenges of using CFD modelling. It is shown that a two-fluid model with the thermal phase-change model is superior to a mixture model with pressure phase-change, relaxation and equilibrium models, respectively, in terms of interfacial mass transfer, however, efforts are still required to improve the interphase heat-transfer model. Furthermore, since flashing is accompanied with high void fraction and broad bubble size ranges, a poly-disperse two-fluid model is recommended, but the effect of phase change on bubble coalescence and breakup needs further research. In addition, during flashing the flow pattern may change from single phase to bubbly flow, churn flow, annular flow, and even mist flow. The rapid change of interfacial topology as well as its influence on the applicability of closure models remains a challenge.
Analysis of Fruiting Body Diversity of Wild Macrofungi in Helan Mountain under Internet of Things Environment
Authors: Lu Ling , Yun Xinfu
Published: March 2024

To investigate the diversity of wild fungi in the Helan mountains of Inner Mongolia, the fruiting body morphology, the surface characteristics of the cap, the appendage characteristics of the cap, the characteristics of the stalk, and the gill characteristics of the cap were analyzed. The following conclusions were obtained. Similarities exist between different fruiting bodies, phenotypic diversity also exists in the same germ fruiting bodies, and the morphological characteristics of fruiting bodies and their constituent parts are independent of each other. Four constituent parts’ characteristics showed that intraspecific diversity was less than interspecific diversity. The morphological characteristics of the cap and the gill were significantly or extremely significant correlated with the overall characteristics of the fruiting body. The morphological characteristics of cap appendages and the stalk did not correlate with the fruiting body. Additionally, 141, 44, and 4 species showed low, middle, and high diversity, respectively.
The EPA MDL Procedure – Then and Now
Authors: Bennett Jack T. , Turner Elizabeth A. , Johnson Mary
Published: March 2024

The use of the term “detection limit” has a long and varied history. This paper describes some of the foundational principles and how the US Environmental Protection Agency has implemented those principles in its Method Detectio n Limit procedure, as well as the reasons that led to the revision and promulgation of Revision 2 in December 2016. Details to aid in the implementation of Revision 2 are described.
Intrinsic and synaptic contributions to repetitive spiking in dentate granule cells
Authors: Shu Wen-Chi , Jackson Meyer B.
Published: March 2024

Repetitive firing of granule cells (GCs) in the dentate gyrus facilitates synaptic transmission to the CA3 region. This facilitation can gate and amplify the flow information through the hippocampus. High frequency bursts in the dentate gyrus are linked to behavior and plasticity, but GCs do not readily burst. Under normal conditions, a single shock to the perforant path in a hippocampal slice typically drives a GC to fire a single spike, and only occasionally more than one spike is seen. Repetitive spiking in GCs is not robust and the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we used a hybrid genetically-encoded voltage sensor to image voltage changes evoked by cortical inputs in many mature GCs simultaneously in hippocampal slices from male and female mice. This enabled us to study relatively infrequent double and triple spikes. We found GCs are relatively homogeneous and their double spiking behavior is cell autonomous. Blockade of GABAAreceptors increased multiple spikes and prolonged the inter-spike interval, indicating inhibitory interneurons limit repetitive spiking and set the time window for successive spikes. Inhibiting synaptic glutamate release showed that recurrent excitation mediated by hilar mossy cells contributes to, but is not necessary for multiple spiking. Blockade of T-type Ca2+channels did not reduce multiple spiking, but prolonged inter-spike intervals. Imaging voltage changes in different GC compartments revealed that second spikes can be initiated in either dendrites or somata. Thus, pharmacological and biophysical experiments reveal roles for both synaptic circuitry and intrinsic excitability in GC repetitive spiking.

Significance StatementGranule cells of the dentate gyrus exhibit distinct patterns of firing behavior. Their bursting can facilitate transmission to both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic targets, and impact how the hippocampus processes information. However, granule cells do not readily burstin vitro, and the mechanisms are unclear. Using hVoS imaging in hippocampal slices to record evoked voltage changes in many granule cells simultaneously, we found that repetitive spiking is driven by both recurrent excitatory synaptic networks and by intrinsic excitability, and is limited by inhibitory network activity. Imaging voltage changes in dendrites revealed that second spikes can be initiated in proximal dendrites or in somata. These mechanisms control the onset of repetitive spiking to regulate the flow of information through the hippocampus.
Contemporary Strategies of Sonic Agency
Authors: Galindo Mateo , Thursz Michele
Published: March 2024

As an institutional resident at the International Studio and Curatorial Program (ISCP) in New York City, Mateo Galindo of Atomic Culture curated an exhibition of nine artists whose work is at the forefront of a new current in the art world, particularly with their engagements of sound. Wave Phenomena: Contemporary Strategies of Sonic Agency was on view from September 2023 to January 2024; it examined the use of sound as a catalyst for personal, political, spiritual, and environmental considerations. Michele Thursz invited Galindo to select a few artists from the exhibition and engage them in a conversation about sonic agency. He chose three artists: the founder of Black Monument Ensemble, artist and educator Damon Locks; Lakota artist and PhD Suzanne Kite; and Pawnee/Crow and Tulsa Artist Fellow Warren Realrider. These intimate conversations touch on the artists’ life experiences and how these moments affect their art.
DESIGN USER INTERFACE DUNIAKU.COM MOBILE APPLICATION USING DESIGN THINKING METHOD
Authors: Aqviriyoso Roman , Rachman Anung , Yunianto Ipung Kurniawan
Published: March 2024

Di era digital dengan perkembangan teknologi yang semakin maju, media informasi memiliki peranan penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat dalam menemukan informasi. salah satu media informasi yang cukup dikenal adalah Duniaku.com, merupakan website yang menjadi penyedia informasi seputar geek culture dengan target audiens para millennial dan generasi Z. Namun dengan target audiens tersebut, media informasi berbasis website belumlah cukup, karena selain penggunaan website dalam memberikan informasi seputar geek culture pada para masyarakat, duniaku.com juga memerlukan media lain untuk penyebaran konten dengan lebih efisien, yang mana media yang dimaksut adalah aplikasi mobile. Dengan fakta bahwa aplikasi mobile lebih diminati para audience maka diperlukanlah desain UI dengan menggunakan gaya atau aliran yang berhubungan dengan generasi sekarang.
2D ANIMATION CREATION WITH BUJANG GANONG ART THEME
Authors: Anindhitya Hanung , Rachman Anung , Kurniawan Rendya Adi
Published: March 2024

In this day and age, many traditional arts are marginalized. Marginalization according to the Big Indonesian Dictionary can be interpreted as "marginalizing". Many young people are more familiar with foreign cultures than their own culture, one of which is Korean dance. Whereas in East Java itself there are dances that are no less unique, namely the Bujang Ganong Dance contained in the Reog Ponorogo art. In the midst of the rapid advancement of information technology and the creative industry today, animation is one of the most effective informative media in presenting stories and introducing regional arts because it is more attractive to the target market. In the process of making this animation using qualitative methods using primary data in the form of interviews and secondary data using sources from the internet. While in the design of this 2D animation using the design thinking method. Design thinking which has been popularized by David Kelley and Tim Brown has 5 stages in the process, namely empathize, ideate, define, prototype and the last is test. Using design thinking allows writers to collect various information about existing problems so that they are able to develop ideas and create more innovative alternatives.
THE DESIGN OF MATHEMATICS INTERACTIVE LEARNING MEDIA THEME HOUR AND TIME UNIT FOR 3TH GRADE at SDN 1 GUNTUNG MANGGIS
Authors: Setyaningrum Larasati , Wibawanto Wandah
Published: March 2024

Gangguan masif yang disebabkan era disrupsi berdampak besar pada pesatnya perkembangan teknologi terutama sejak masuknya Pandemik COVID-19. Mobilitas dan aktivitas yang dibatasi memicu berkembangnya disrupsi teknologi, tak terkecuali pada sektor pendidikan dasar. Tidak maksimalnya implementasi pembelajaran berbasis teknologi pada materi matematika di dalam tematik, seperti pada materi Satuan Jam dan Waktu menyebabkan komunikasi hanya terjalin dengan satu arah, sehingga siswa sulit untuk menangkap inti materi yang dipelajari. Berdasarkan latar belakang permasalahan di atas, solusi yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan mengemas materi Satuan Jam dan Waktu dengan memanfaatkan pembelajaran berbasis teknologi ke dalam konsep yang lebih menarik. Proyek studi ini bertujuan menghasilkan produk media pembelajaran sebagai media penunjang pembelajaran terhadap materi Satuan Jam dan Waktu. Proyek studi ini melalui empat tahapan berkarya, yaitu: 1) design treatment; 2) visual development; 3) programming phase; 4) testing phase. Proyek studi ini menghasilkan karya media pembelajaran interaktif. Diharapkan melalui karya media pembelajaran interaktif tersebut dapat membantu meningkatkan motivasi siswa terhadap materi Satuan Jam dan Waktu.
The THE LEGEND OF ANGLING DHARMA AS INSPIRATION IN WORK OF COMIC ART
Authors: Munazil Jamil , Muharrar Syakir , Mujiyono Mujiyono
Published: March 2024

The study project that was written, took the theme "The Legend of Angling Dharma As Inspiration in Creating Comic Art". The purposes of this study project are 1) Visualize the author's ideas and creations regarding the legend of Angling Dharma in the form of a comic book so that it can be enjoyed by various groups. 2) Presenting information and education to others about the legend of Angling Dharma. The materials used in making the Angling Dharma comic book work are paper, ink, and watercolors. The tools used in the work are brushes, palettes, pencils, sharpeners, rubber erasers, rulers, drawing pens, scanners, and computers. The work technique that the author uses is a combination of manual and digital techniques or hybrid techniques. The creation of the work uses an approach that seems realistic so that it can be enjoyed by all people by going through several stages of work, namely preliminary, pre-production, production, and post-production. The production process of the "Angling Dharma" comic uses several stages, namely storyboarding, sketching, inking, coloring, adding word balloons, editing and finishing. This Study Project produces a comic book entitled “Angling Dharma” which is divided into 26 chapters and is packaged in 54 pages, with dimensions of A4 (21cm x 29.7cm). The comic "Angling Dharma" can be accessed online, through the website and social media prepared by the author.
DRIVE SAFETY 3D ANIMATION AS EDUCATIONAL MEDIA FOR YOUTH 15-17 YEARS OLD
Authors: Akbar Adam Faisal , Nisa Diana Aqidatun , Widyasari Widyasari
Published: March 2024

Kecalakaan lalu lintas adalah salah satu peristiwa di jalan yang tidak diduga dan tidak sengaja melibatkan kendaraan dengan atau tanpa pengguna jalan lain yang akan mengakibatkan korban manusia maupun kerugian harta benda. Salah satunya pencegahannya ialah dengan adanya iklan layanan masyarakat tentang “Animasi Bahaya Berkendara” dan bisa sebagai pembekalan penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas sejak remaja, yaitu saat usia 15-17 Tahun. Animasi 3D menjadi solusi karena dalam proses pembelajaran akan lebih mudah dipahami, dimengerti, tidak monoton dengan materi sehingga tidak membosankan dan lebih menarik untuk dipelajari. Perancangan animasi ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif, kemudian data diolah secara deskriptif. Konsep desain dengan keyword "Animasi Mendebarkan tentang Keselamatan Berkendara" telah dihasilkan dengan metode tersebut. Animasi ini dirancang sebagai media penyampai informasi yang efektif dan informatif cara berkendara dengan mengutamakan keselamatan.
VISUAL IDENTITY DESIGN AND ITS APPLICATION IN DESTINATION BRANDING KAMPUNG BATIK SEMARANG
Authors: Widyalintang Ari , Supatmo Supatmo
Published: March 2024

Kampung Batik Semarang merupakan salah satu destinasi wisata sentra Batik Semarangan yang mulaidigalakan kembali sejak tahun 2006 di Kota Semarang. Kendati demikian masih banyak wisatawanyang belum mengenal Kampung Batik Semarang sebagai destinasi wisata di Kota Semarang. KampungBatik Semarang belum memiliki identitas visual yang penting untuk mengidentifikasi karakter yangmembedakan Kampung Batik Semarang dengan destinasi wisata lain. Kampung Batik Semarangmemerlukan identitas visual sebagai sarana pengembangan destination branding yang bertujuan untukmeningkatkan awareness masyarakat terhadap Kampung Batik Semarang dan meningkatkan kunjunganwisata ke Kampung Batik Semarang. Oleh karena itu, Kampung Batik Semarang memerlukanrancangan Identitas visual dan aplikasinya pada destination branding Kampung Batik Semarang berupaidentitas visual (logo dan slogan), media promosi, promotional product,dan wayfinding sign. Prosesperancangan identitas visual dan aplikasinya terbagi kedalam beberapa tahap, yaitu tahap : 1)preliminary, 2) pra produksi, 3) produksi, dan 4) pasca produksi. Perancangan ini menghasilkan logo,slogan, desain media promosi (through the line & below the line), desain promotional product, dandesain wayfinding sign (informational sign, directional sign, identificational sign).
Development of Interactive Comic as Education Media About Household Hygiene for Elementary School Student.
Authors: Marchya Lidya Sitinjak , Supatmo Supatmo
Published: March 2024

Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) pada tatanan rumah tangga dapat diterapkan denganadanya kesadaran pribadi yang dibentuk sejak dini melalui lingkungan rumah dan sekolah. Keluarga memberikan arahan praktik membersihkan rumah, sedangkan sekolah memberikanpemaparan teori melalui materi pembelajaran RPP Kurikulum 2013 kelas 2 Sekolah Dasar. Pembelajaran ini menggunakan model pembelajaran tematik yang menekankan keterlibatansiswa sehingga dibutuhkan media edukasi yang memberikan teori sekaligus melibatkan siswa dalam memahami pentingnya kebersihan lingkungan rumah. Berdasarkan kerangka berpikirtersebut, tercipta gagasan pembuatan media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia interaktif yang menghadirkan komik sebagai fitur utama untuk memberikan materi kebersihan rumah besertafitur aktivitas pendukung yang melibatkan partisipasi siswa. Proyek studi ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan komik interaktif yang mengedukasi pentingnya kebersihan rumah kepada anakusia Sekolah Dasar. Metode berkarya yang dilakukan adalah pengumpulan data berupa studi pustaka dan studi literatur sejenis. Pengumpulan data menghasilkan rumusan konsep materi,segmentasi, dan fitur yang kemudian diproduksi secara digital dan dipublikasikan melalui tautan pengunduhan, pameran proyek studi dan media sosial Instagram. Proyek studi ini menghasilkanaplikasi komik interaktif berbasis Android yang dapat diunduh pada ponsel berbasis Androidversi 2.3 ke atas. Proyek studi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi sarana pendukung pembelajaran dilingkungan sekolah dan rumah di bawah pengawasan orang tua dan guru sekolah.
ANALYSIS OF NATURALISM PAINTING BY BASUKI ABDULLAH
Authors: Silviani Syifa Salsabila , Rinjani Dian
Published: March 2024

Basuki Abdullah lahir di Surakarta, 25 Januari 1915. Merupakan salah satu legenda seni rupaIndonesia. Pelukis yang beraliran realis dan naturalis. Karya karya lukisannya menjadi koleksi diIstana Negara maupun di Mancanegara. Penelitian ini untuk mengatuhi penggambaran alam yang dijadikan objek pada lukisan naturalisme karya seniman tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalahuntuk mengetahui latar belakang proses kreatif seni Lukis karya Basuki Abdullah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan kajian analisis pendekatan Monreo Beardsley. Hasilpenelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa kreativiras seniman pada lukisan naturalisme dalam melukis alam Indonesia mempunyai kualitas bentuk gradasi, proporsi dan volume dalam melukisyang tepat dalam kanvas.
Design of Lumpia Semarang Introduction Comic for Generation Z
Authors: Prameswari Nadia Sigi , Amilya Nabila Rizky
Published: March 2024

Kota Semarang memiliki beberapa jenis wisata yang menarik perhatian wisatawan terutamawisata kuliner. Terdapat ragam makanan khas yang memiliki nilai sejarah dan budaya, seperti Lumpia Semarang yang paling sering dijadikan oleh-oleh para wisatawan. Lumpia Semarangmemiliki kisah sejarah awal mula yang romantis dan sederhana, dikenalkan secara luas melalui beragam media baik itu media digital maupun media cetak, salah satunya adalah media komik, dimana komik merupakan media yang efektif sebagai media promosi dan edukasi yang bisa di akses baik secara offline, maupun online agar bisa menjangkau anak muda, terutama Generasi Z yangakrab dengan internet. Lamanya penggunaan internet mempengaruhi durasi waktu dalam melihatlayar gadget. Penggunaan komik cetak diharapkan dapat mengurangi durasi waktu dalampenggunaan gadget sekaligus dapat memperkenalkan Lumpia Semarang baik dari awal mulahingga nilai sejarahnya. Proses perancangan komik meliputi pencarian referensi, membuat desain karakter, plot cerita, sketsa, lineart, pemberian efek dan teks, lalu tone dan pewarnaan hinggamenjadi sebuah komik yang terdiri dari epilog, dua chapter, lalu epilog dengan total 36 halaman yang menceritakan sekelompok mahasiswa yang sedang mencaritahu asal mula LumpiaSemarang.
Music Jaranan Turangga Yaksa in Dongko Village Trenggalek Regency (Study Ethnomusicology)
Authors: Varisandi Syafiq Agil , Yuwana Setya , Mariasa I Nengah
Published: March 2024

Jaranan Turangga Yaksa is an original art from Dhongko Village, Trenggalek Regency. Turangga Yaksa is a horse with a giant head and ridden by a knight who can control amarah, syaitonah, lauamah, dan serakah. This art is the result of creations from the Baritan ceremony (bar ngarit tanduran), local people usually hold tayub parties which aim to express gratitude for the harvest they have received. In this research, Jaranan Turangga Yaksa was studied ethnomusicologically by taking several approaches, namely describing the notation, musical aspects and organology found in the musical instrument Jaranan Turangga Yaksa. The research was conducted in Dhongko Village, Trenggalek Regency. The data collection method was carried out by interviewing several sources such as Mbah Mu'an (Creator of the Jaranan Turangga Yaksa music), chairman of the Sanggar Purwo Budaya, singer, dancer, and also pengrawit. Observe the development of musical accompaniment, and also perform FGD (Forum Group Duscussion) to deepen information and data to make it more valid. The description of the musical notation used by the author includes using number notation on balungan instruments and also vocals. The use of the terms plak, dlang, dhe as notation for percussion instruments such as kendang. Writing drum notation using  notasi balok, and also using symbols as another term in writing gamelan notation. From the musical aspect, Jaranan Turangga Yaksa music has its own drum beats that differentiate it from other jaranan music such as Jaranan Buto, Jaranan Senterewe, Jaranan Pegon, and Jaranan Dor.
Jamet Stereotyping in Jedag-Jedug Music: An Analysis of Jedag-Jedug Music Stereotype
Authors: Tiantini Wendy Belinda , Khusyairi Johny Alfian , Afdholy Nadya , Puspita Yulia Mega
Published: March 2024

Several music genres have stereotypes from the society, especially music that comes from low culture. One of the types of music that is stereotyped is jedag-jedug music, a music that is identical with fast beats and specific video editing. This type of music is widely known due to the influence of the TikTok application, which is a social media platform that offers audio-visual content. Jedag-Jedug music is often stereotyped as jamet music and also considered as tacky or alay. This research aims to find out how jamet stereotypes in Jedag-Jedug music can change and become a popular trend on social media. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with participants. The criteria for participants were participants aged 18 years and over and who had listened to jedag-jedug music with various economic and educational backgrounds. Primary data in this research are interview transcripts and secondary data used are journal articles, books and other supporting sources. To analyze the data, researchers used Dual-Process by Shelly Chaiken. There are three aspects that form a stereotype which are cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects that will be used to see how stereotypes are changed in the jedag-jedug music. The result found in this study was that participants experienced a change in their views towards the stereotypes that exist in jedag-jedug music. The shifting of the stereotypes occurred because of the popularization of jedag-jedug music in social media which influence the participants’ cognitive, affective, and behavior.
Simple Arrangement of Children’s Song with Trilingual Characters As Learning Media For PGSD and PGMI Students
Authors: Sinaga Syahrul Syah , Widayanti Maria Johana Ari , Andaryani Eka Titi , Muchsin Ibnu Amar
Published: March 2024

The existing quality of learning media, particularly in teaching multilingual characters of Early Childhood Education, poses a challenge in education. Teachers should possess the skills to continuously innovate in creating instructional materials, including prospective teachers, namely PGSD and PGMI students. This program aims to enhance the skills of PGSD and PGMI students in developing multilingual character education media for children. The primary focus is on using children's songs as an engaging and effective educational tool. Another issue is the need for more skills among students in creating multilingual and character-based instructional media that can captivate children's interest. The ultimate goal is to improve students' skills in creating engaging and effective instructional media, providing benefits to children, and contributing positive knowledge to the general public. As a solution, this program creates a simple arrangement of children's songs with characters in three languages as instructional media for PGSD and PGMI students. In its implementation, students are equipped with the skills to create simple arrangements of children's songs with the hope that this will serve as valuable preparation for creating engaging instructional materials.
Musical Accompaniment in Dolalak Dance: The Perspective of Beauty Philosophy
Authors: Cita Hapsari Maria Magdalena , Naam Muh Fakhrihun
Published: March 2024

Dolalak is an art form that encompasses the integration of dance and music components. Dolalak, a widely known folk art form, continues to thrive in the local community of Purworejo Regency, located in the province of Central Java. This form of Dolalak art is classified within the collective folk art genre, serving as a distinctive representation of the artistic tradition found in Purworejo Regency. This research is of the qualitative descriptive type. The data collection technique employed in this research is document study. The data analysis technique in this research involves data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The authenticity of the data is ensured through the technique of theoretical triangulation. The aesthetics of the music in Tari Dolalak reflect deep-seated cultural, religious, and creative values. Through harmony, rhythm, and emotional expression, the music in Tari Dolalak offers a captivating and profound artistic experience for its enthusiasts, solidifying this dance as an inseparable part of Indonesia's rich and valuable cultural heritage.
Audio Test for Musicality: Designing A Technology-Based Instrument for Measuring Music Learning Outcomes
Authors: Salafiyah Nafik , Wadiyo Wadiyo , Aesijah Siti , Nuswantara Deu Aditama
Published: March 2024

The Musicality Assessment Test is a notation-based examination covering three concepts: ear training, listening, and reading. Due to the incorporation of these three conceptual domains, the musicality test can only be effectively conducted when the test questions are presented in audio format. The aim of this study was to innovate the testing process as a means of assessing music learning outcomes through an audio-based format. This study employed qualitative descriptive method, and utilized Sibelius and Cubase software as technological tools. The design phase began with the preparation of the structured test instrument, followed by the recording process using Sibelius software. This involved recording questions related to rhythmic, pitch, interval, melodic, scale, and harmonic notation, which were then transformed into MIDI format. Cubase software was employed for combining human voice with MIDI in the recording process. The testing instrument was meticulously crafted as an innovative product, ready for trial to measure the musicality abilities of test takers. The test tool was designed as an innovative product, poised for use in assessing the musicality skills of test takers.
Controllability of Paper Making
Authors:   Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, STFI, Karlsson H. , Eriksson L. ,   Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, STFI
Published: March 2024

This paper discusses the controllability of paper making. We have chosen to take a broad view on the subject . With such an approach, there are four major factors that can contribute to the over-all controllability, viz. : the process with its actuators, the measurement possibilities (sensors), the information technology and, not the least, the humans involved in the paper making operation. In the introduction to this paper, we try to put controllability in perspective . In order to make our following discussion less abstract, we then describe three cases related to controll ability in which STFI has been involved. The first deals with CD control ; the second with closed-loop quality control; the third with wet-end/retention control. Following these cases, we then discuss the four above-mentioned components that contribute to controllability and we conclude by indicating where we believe the major development needs and opportunities lie, viz. : – we still lack essential controllability due to inadequate process design. – new measurement possibilities are essential in order to improve the observability and thereby controllability. – the human organization has a key role in controllability . Full automation is utopia. The operators have an increasingly difficult task. Their motivation is important. – knowledge-based systems is an interesting area. Such systems can be of great value, but much development work is still needed. – it is important to increase the fundamental knowledge of paper making and to establish the knowledge in such a way that it can be used for better control.
An Integrated View of Web Consolidation Processes
Authors:   The Institute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, Wisconsin, U.S.A., Sprague Clyde H.
Published: March 2024

Historically, paper has been consolidated by wet pressing followed by drying on steam cylinders or by other low intensity evaporative processes. Although these time-tested pro cesses will continue to be the mainstay of papermaking for some time, they are now being challenged by new systems that exploit the interactive effects of increased pressures and temperatures. We want to review our understanding of these hybrid processes and the unprecedented performance potential they offer. At the same time, we want to integrate .them into a common context with the more conventional web consolidation processes. To do this, we define four classes of systems mechanical, thermal, thermal with restraint, and thermomechanical. Each class uses mechanical, thermal, and interactive effects in a unique way to determine water removal rates, energy efficiency, property development potential, and machine size and complexity. In a parallel and unifying fashion, each class also occupies a distinct region on coordinates of specific energy consumption and working temperature. This diagram is offered as a starting point for integrating wet pressing, hot pressing, cylinder drying, press drying, Condebelt drying, impulse drying, and others into four distinct classes of web consolidation systems.
The Physics of Impulse Drying: New Insights from Numerical Modelling
Authors:   The Institute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, Wisconsin, Lindsay J. D.
Published: March 2024

In order to better understand the physics of impulse drying, two numerical models have been developed to predict the transient heat transfer, vapor pressure development, and vapor liquid flow during impulse drying. The first model, MIPPS-I, examines impulse drying as a moving boundary problem in which a sharp front of steam displaces a saturated liquid phase. While several key insights were obtained with this approach, a comparison of predictions with experimental data suggested that the sharp-interface assumption should be abandoned in favor of a two-phase zone between the dry and saturated regions. A new model, MIPPS-II, was then developed which allows a two-phase zone to develop. Both models use finite-difference forms of the mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations adapted for porous media. Analysis of the numerical results in light of experimental data helps clarify some of the transport processes in impulse drying. In particular, it appears that the impulse drying process depends on the continued boiling of liquid near the hot surface with condensation occurring in the cooler, more saturated regions. The process of boiling and condensation is tied to sheet permeability and pore structure. The liquid for sustained boiling is available in saturated dead-end pores or is supplied by capillary flow. The numerical results show that the development of an internal vapor zone is critical to several features of the impulse drying process. The pressurized vapor zone enhances water removal through direct displacement and also possibly by reducing or eliminating rewet. Relationships between sheet properties and internal vapor pressure and water removal can now be better understood with the aid of the models. Several new pieces of experimental information are also presented which have guided recent model developments and, at the same time, can be interpreted in terms of results from the models. The new experimental data include flash x-ray visualization of interface motion in impulse drying and several measurements of thermal processes in both paper and model fibrous porous media.
Factors in the Blade Coating Process which Inﬂuence the Coating Mass Distribution
Authors:   Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Engstrom Gunnar , Johansson Per-Ake ,   Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Rigdahl Mikael ,   Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Norrdahl Philip ,   Valmet Paper Machinery, Pansio Works, SF-202 40 Turku, Finland
Published: March 2024

Many printing papers are pigment coated in order to obtain a paper surface with superior printing properties. To achieve this it may be assumed that a coating layer of uniform thickness or mass is extremely important. A soft X-ray technique has been developed in order to study the coating mass distribution on coated papers. In order to demonstrate the significance of this technique a wood-free and a wood-containing base paper were coated in a pilot coater. On the wood-containing base paper, blade coating with a flooded nip unit was compared with coating in a short dwell time (SDTA) unit. In the former unit, two blades of the same thickness but with different tip areas were used. The result indicated that the most uniform coating layer was obtained when the coating was performed in the flooded nip coater and with a blade of low tip area. This is interpreted as being due to a high specific load on the base paper when it passes under the blade tip, which smoothes out the irregularities in the base paper surface so that the coating film flowing out under the blade tip and the corresponding coating layer are of uniform thickness or mass. On the fine paper the effect of the strategy of drying the coating layer has been investigated. It was found that the coating layer is redistributed during its consolidation process, which is interpreted as being due to movements in the base paper, as a result of the water pick up from the wet coating layer which swells its fibers and break bonds between them. The coated fine paper was printed in a sheet-fed offset press and the mottle in the print was evaluated. The correlation between the print mottle and the coating mass distribution was very good.
Traditions of the Independence Day Celebrations in Poland and the Baltic States
Authors: Kurochkin Oleksandr
Published: March 2024

The system of public holidays and rituals developed by people is an important indication of the transformation of the spiritual culture of each European nation. At the same time, they return to the origins – the historical past and declare the vectors of development for the future. The article is aimed at the investigation and analysis of the typology of the formation of state independence holidays in Poland and the Baltic states, correlating it with key, fateful moments in the history of each nation. Poland has rebuilt radically all spheres of material and spiritual life after the fall of the communist regime. The formation of society on new democratic essential principles reflects the calendar of festive and commemorative dates of the modern Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It includes major and minor holidays of the liturgical (Catholic) year and secular traditions of various origins. A notable attitude of the Poles is to celebrate officially both religious and important civil anniversaries on the same day. The special historical significance of the Polish Independence Day is given by the chronological reference to the date of the end of the First World War (November 11, 1918). The contemporary holiday culture of Poland is characterized by a symbiosis of ethnic and confessional elements. At the everyday level the state holiday of independence is combined harmoniously with folklore and ethnographic traditions of St. Martin’s Day. Along with Poland, the Baltic countries - Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia - whose history has a lot in common, have fought radically and consistently with the heritage of the communist past. Song holidays and festivals are of a great significance in preserving the national identity of the Baltic states. Today there are, in fact, two independence holidays in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. The first is connected with 1918, when all these republics have gained statehood on the ruins of the Russian Empire, the second one - in honor of the events of 1990-1991, finished with the decay of the USSR. The conducted research has proved that the peoples of Poland and the Baltic states at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries have been able to free themselves from the heritage of the communist past and the totalitarian dictation of the aggressive Russian Federation, becoming full members of the European Union and NATO. The system of currently acting official holidays and rituals can serve as a clear evidence of the radical restructuring of ideology and culture in these countries.
Genre and stylistic features of Ukrainian fiction cinematography of the period of independence
Authors: Suprun-Zhyvodrova Anastasiia
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted the definition of genre and stylistic features of fiction films produced in Ukraine from 1991 to 2022. Using the analysis of theoretical works on film studies, genre theory, semiology and film history, it is proposed to define the concept of “genre” as a set of repetitive syntactic and semantic structures, the main connections of the genre with the socio-cultural and historical context are outlined. In particular, after analyzing 949 audiovisual projects from the «Base of National Films of Ukraine», which have been created during the period of Independence, it was found that the largest number of produced audiovisual works belongs to the fiction type of cinema. The presence of syntactic and semantic structures of 46 genres has been identified according to the genre and thematic direction of fiction cinematography. It is proved that the most popular genre in production is drama – 25 % of the total number of feature films. This percentage is a significant advantage over the presence of other genres. Analysis of data from the box office of cinema distribution in Ukraine for 2020 has revealed discrepancies between the number of produced films of a certain genre and thematic direction and the preferences of Ukrainian viewers. In this way, the assumption that the predominance of certain genres in the production of Ukrainian audiovisual art reflects the cultural needs of Ukrainians has been refuted. Such a comparison also disproved the claim that the absence of certain genres in the Ukrainian media space testifies to the foreignness of the narrative structure of such films to the cultural characteristics of Ukrainians, because the top five audience preferences include, for example, the horror genre, which is minimally present in Ukrainian production. The results of the study have theoretical and practical significance for film production in Ukraine, and also form a research field for further study of the development of each individual genre present in Ukrainian audiovisual art of the period of Independence.
Study of fractality nature in VO2 films and its influence on metal-insulator phase transition
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductors Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Efremov A.A. , Romaniuk B.M. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductors Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Melnyk V.P. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductors Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Stadnik O.A. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductors Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Sabov T.M. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductors Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Kulbachinskiy O.A. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductors Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Dubikovskiy O.V. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductors Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

The mechanisms underlying the origin of fractal shape of inclusions of a new phase in VO2 films during metal-insulator phase transition are discussed. The obtained results show that hysteresis of the temperature dependence of resistance R(T) significantly depends on the film morphology and texture. Moreover, some fractal features are observed. To determine the fractal dimension D of the structural elements of the studied films from their images, different fractal analysis approaches were preliminary compared and discussed. As a result of the film image treatments, the boundaries of the structural elements were found to have fractal dimensions of 1.3 to 1.5 or higher and to correlate with the shape of R(T). The fractal boundaries indicate the dominant role of elastic stress on the phase transition of films, which is confirmed by numerical modeling. Based on these results, an analytical model is proposed that relates the free energy of a film to the fractal dimension of its constituents. Depending on the ratio of the elastic and interface specific energies, the position of the free energy minimum F corresponds to a certain fractal dimensionality D. A small interface energy leads to a higher fractal dimension making the initial phase more stable. This conclusion explains well all the effects observed experimentally in VO2. The obtained results provide a better understanding of the influence of structure and morphology on other properties of the studied films.
Effect of annealing in air on the properties of carbon-rich amorphous silicon carbide films
Authors:   College of Physics, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Str., Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China, Lukianov A.M. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Dusheiko M.G. ,   College of Physics, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Str., Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, 16, Politekhnichna str., 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine, Lozinskii V.B. ,   College of Physics, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Str., Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Temchenko V.P. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Dikusha V.N. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Klyui N.I. ,   College of Physics, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Str., Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

Thermal stability of thin carbon-rich Si carbide films was studied. Air anneals at the temperatures up to 700 °C were used to model the operation thermal conditions of the films in photoelectronic devices such as solar cells covered by Si carbide antireflection coatings. Si carbide films with different carbon-to-silicon ratios were studied. Annealing in air was shown to lead to consecutive film oxidation and transformation from Si carbides to oxidized Si carbide composites. The oxidized composites demonstrated the changes in thickness, element composition and optical properties as compared to the non-annealed films. At this, the films with higher Si content showed better stability of the optical properties at increased temperatures. During annealing, the increase of the film thickness by Si oxide formation competed with the thickness decrease by formation and evaporation of carbon oxide.
The dependence of electrical conductivity of MgxZn1–xO ceramics on phase composition
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Korsunska N.O. , Polishchuk Yu.O. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Markevich I.V. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Kozoriz K.O. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Ponomaryov S.S. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Melnichuk O.V. ,   Mykola Gogol State University of Nizhyn, 2, Hrafska str., Nizhyn, 16600, Ukraine, Stara T.R. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Melnichuk L.Yu. ,   Mykola Gogol State University of Nizhyn, 2, Hrafska str., Nizhyn, 16600, Ukraine, Khomenkova L.Yu. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine,   National university “Kyiv Mohyla academy”, 2, Skovorody str., 04070 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

The structural and electrical characteristics of (Mg,Zn)O ceramics produced using the solid state reaction at 1100 °C for 3 hours were studied applying X-ray diffraction and IR reflection spectroscopy as well as means of direct current measurements versus MgO content in initial charge (varied from 0 to 100 mol.%). It has been shown that electrical conductivity extracted from the IR reflection spectra corresponds to that of hexagonal phase in a solid solution, while plasmon in cubic phase was not observed. The electron concentration in the hexagonal grains of solid solution prepared with MgO content below 30 mol. % in the charge was found to be close to that of ZnO grains. It shows the tendency to decrease with further growth of the MgO content, which was explained by extraction of zinc interstitials, responsible for ZnO conductivity, from ZnO under formation of the MgZnO cubic phase. The direct current measurements have shown the lower conductivity as compared to the value estimated from IR reflection spectra. This fact along with the superlinearity of current-voltage characteristics has been explained by the presence of intergranular barriers, which does not allow obtaining information on the concentration of free electrons in the grain by this method. The possible nature of intergranular barriers as well as the role of grain boundaries in the DC conductivity of samples has been discussed.