bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fruit morphological diversity and quality of pulasan (Nephelium ramboutan-ake) from six populations in Riau, Indonesia
Authors: MARDALENI MARDALENI , JUMIN HASAN BASRI , NANDARIYAH NANDARIYAH , YUNUS AHMAD
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Mardaleni, Jumin HB, Nandariyah, Yunus A. 2022. Fruit morphological diversity and quality of pulasan (Nephelium ramboutan-ake) from six populations in Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2526-2533. Pulasan (Nephelium ramboutan-ake), which belongs to the Sapindaceae family, has economic value, but information on the morphological diversity and quality of its fruit is unknown. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the morphology and quality of pulasan fruits from six populations in Riau Province, Indonesia and observe the kinship among populations. A total of 18 qualitative and 13 quantitative characteristics were evaluated on 67 pulasan cultivars. The difference among morphological characteristics was to analysed using ANOVA and Duncan multiple range tests, while the kinship analysis used UPGMA. Results of the quantitative and qualitative characterization of pulasan fruits showed high diversity among populations. The fruit is oblong, and it has a uniform skin color, sweet taste, aril cream-white color, and aril that can be easily peeled from the seeds. These characteristics indicate good fruit quality. Dendrogram analysis divided the population into two large groups at 73% similarity. The first group consisted of the population of Kampar Kiri, Gunung Sahilan, and Kuok, whereas the second group consisted of the population of Bengkalis, Siak, and Kuansing. The results of this study provide baseline information to obtain potentially superior characteristics for breeding and conservation of genetic resources, which can be used as a basis for the conservation of the germplasm of pulasan.
Estimated economic value of pollination by Tetragonula laeviceps (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) on tomato and chili
Authors: Mubin Nadzirum , Kusmita Allen Okta , Rohmah Atia , Nurmansyah Ali
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Mubin N, Kusmita AO, Rohmah A, Nurmansyah A. 2022. Estimated economic value of pollination by Tetragonula laeviceps (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) on tomato and chili. Biodiversitas 23: 2544-2552. Insects have various roles, one of which is as pollinators. Horticultural crops such as tomatoes and chilies need the help of pollinating insects to increase productivity. The stingless bee, Tetragonula laeviceps, is one of the potential pollinating agents. This study aimed to determine the effect of pollination by T. laeviceps on crop production and estimated pollinating insect’ economic value. The study was conducted using a field experiment with 3 pollination treatments included pollination with the help of T. laeviceps (open pollination / OP), pollination by wind (WP), and self-pollination (SP). The estimated economic value of pollination was calculated using a bio-economic approach based on the level of dependence of the plant on pollination. The results showed that open pollination (OP) treatment by T. laeviceps increased fruit set and seed set by 2-3 times that of wind pollination and 4-5 times that of self-pollination. The open pollination treatment significantly affected on the diameter and weight of tomato fruit compared to the WP and SP treatments but not on chili. Meanwhile, open pollination can increase the length of chili fruit. OP, WP, and SP treatments had no significant effect on tomatoes and chilies’ weight loss, damage level, and hardness level. Based on tomato and chili production, the economic value of T. laeviceps was 44 times (tomato) and 20 times (chili) from self-pollination and 65 times (tomato) and 11 times (chili) from wind pollination.
Effect of water content on conidia of Trichoderma spp., indole acetic acid content, electrical conductivity, and pH
Authors: PURWANTO BENANG , SUMADI SUMADI , NURAINI ANNE , SETIAWATI MIEKE ROCHIMI
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Purwanto B, Sumadi, Nuraini A, Setiawati MR. 2022. Effect of water content on conidia of Trichoderma spp., indole acetic acid content, electrical conductivity, and pH. Biodiversitas 23: 2553-2560. Trichoderma sp. is a soil-borne saprophytic fungus that can increase plant resistance to combat drought stress. However, some species are unable to survive in a low water environment. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the effect of water content on different species of Trichoderma with respect to total conidial growth, IAA content, electrical conductivity (EC), and the media’s pH. A factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors, namely the water content of the media consisting of 3 levels (5%, 25%, and 50%) and the inoculation of Trichoderma spp. which includes Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma asperellum, and Trichoderma viride. Furthermore, an experimental method was adopted by analyzing the total conidial growth, indole acetic acid content (IAA), electrical conductivity (EC), and acidity (pH) of the media. Incubation was carried out for 14 days, data were analyzed using one way ANOVA, and Duncan's Multiple Distance Test was applied to determine the parameters that have a significant effect. The results showed that the total conidia of T. harzianum at the lowest water content (5% of the dry weight of the media) showed an increase from 7th to 14th days after inoculation (DAI), the highest was 23.6%, followed by T. asperellum (12.6%) and T. viride (10.7%). Similarly, the total conidia of Trichoderma spp. positively correlated with the levels of IAA, EC, and pH of the media. This indicates that an increase in total conidia is followed by an increase in the IAA content, EC, and pH. The highest total of T. harzianum conidial growth at the lowest water content indicated that it had better resistance to drought stress than T. asperellum and T. viride.
Development of a protected birds identification system using a convolutional neural network
Authors: HERMADI IRMAN , WULANDARI WULANDARI , DHIRA DHANA
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Hermadi I, Wulandari, Dhira D. 2022. Development of a protected birds identification system using a convolutional neural network. Biodiversitas 23: 2561-2569. The protected animals are the animals having small populations, a sharp decline in the number of individuals in the wild, or endemic. The government has banned owning, keeping, or trading these animals. The first step in conserving these animals is identification. The government of the Republic of Indonesia has defined 564 species of bird as protected. This issue becomes a challenge to bird species identification. This study aims to develop a web application that implements a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for image-based protected bird species identification. This study uses the images of ten protected bird species in Indonesia as the research subject. This study consists of the stages viz. data collection, data preprocessing, data splitting, CNN model development, model evaluation, and web development using the Prototyping method. This study has successfully developed a model that gained 97% accuracy, 98% precision, and 97% recall on testing data. The study utilized HTML, CSS, Javascript, and Tensorflow.js for Web development. The black-box testing result shows that the prototype is acceptable.
Diversity of leaf rust resistance in Indonesian sorghum genetic resources
Authors: DINANTY FAWWAZ , WIRNAS DESTA , TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS , NAWANGSIH ABDJAD ASIH
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Dinanty F, Wirnas D, Trikoesoemaningtyas, Nawangsih AA. 2022. Diversity of leaf rust resistance in Indonesian sorghum genetic resources. Biodiversitas 23: 2570-2579. Sorghum is an alternative source as a substitute for rice. Leaf rust (Puccinia purpurea) is a constraint in sorghum cultivation and resistance to rust disease is a condition for releasing sorghum varieties. This study aimed to screen sorghum accessions for resistance to leaf rust disease. The screening was carried out on 48 sorghum accessions and seven check varieties, namely Numbu, Kawali, Bioguma 1, Pahat, Soraya 1, Soraya 2, and Soraya 3. Evaluation of leaf rust resistance under field conditions was carried out in IPB University experimental field Cikarawang-Bogor (275 asl) from February 2021 to June 2021. The experiment was conducted in an augmented design with four replications for check varieties. Identification of leaf rust resistance was also carried out using molecular markers designed from the Lr34 and Rp1D genes. The results revealed that 5 genotypes, namely genotypes 31 (Demak 2), 24 (IS 18551), 43 (Lokal bima 3), 17 (ICSV 93036), and 33 (Demak 5) were resistant to leaf rust with high yield potential. The results of identification using molecular markers showed that all accessions had Lr34 and Rp1D gene fragments.
Cassava starch/bacterial cellulose-based bioplastics with Zanthoxylum acanthopodium
Authors: GEA SAHARMAN , PASARIBU KHATARINA MELDAWATI , SARUMAHA APPEALWAN ALTRUISTIS , RAHAYU SRI
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Gea S, Pasaribu KM, Sarumaha AA, Rahayu S. 2022. Cassava starch/bacterial cellulose-based bioplastics with Zanthoxylum acanthopodium. Biodiversitas 23: 2601-2608. The use of conventional plastics has become one of the biggest environmental problems because of their difficulties in decomposing. Bioplastics are plastics that are decompose easily in nature as they are naturally sourced. The purpose of this research was to create antimicrobial bioplastics from cassava starch with the addition of bacterial cellulose (BC) as a reinforcement material and Zanthoxylum acanthopodium (andaliman) as an antibacterial agent. Furthermore, this study determines the optimal concentration of BC and the antibacterial effect of Z. acanthopodium extract in bioplastics produced by the solution casting method. The addition of BC to bioplastics changed the properties of bioplastics, according to FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, and tensile strength analysis. Mechanical analysis showed an increase in tensile strength with higher amount of BC. The best tensile strength was observed in CS2BCA sample (2.34 MPa). The antibacterial test of bioplastic samples showed good inhibition zone (10.8 mm) against Bacillus cereus.
Impact of organic and microbiological pollution on the quality of water in Boussellam Valley and its environment, Setif City, Northeast Algeria
Authors: BOULGUERAGUER ZOUHIR , CHAFFAI HICHAM , GASMI LAKHDAR , DJABRI LARBI , HANI AZZEDINE
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Boulgueraguer Z, Chaffai H, Gasmi L, Djabri L, Hani A. 2022. Impact of organic and microbiological pollution on the quality of water in Boussellam Valley and its environment, Setif City, Northeast Algeria. Biodiversitas 23: 2621-2629. Water pollution is a major threat and a global challenge that endangers life on earth at risk because water plays a major role in daily life. Several sources of water pollutants, i.e., organic, industrial, domestic and microbial pollution, may trigger an outbreak of water-borne diseases. Boussellam Valley crosses the Quaternary formations, which dominate the extent of the plain surrounding the region of Sétif in the North-East of Algeria. It is one of the main water resources, mainly for drinking water supply and irrigation. The shallow water table composed of the geological formations containing this aquifer is very heterogeneous in texture and varies considerably from upstream to downstream of the sub-watershed. Thus, the North and East zones are marked by chloride-calcium facies, the central part by a Bicarbonate-calcium facies. At the same time, sulfate-magnesium facies characterize the West zone. This study aimed to evaluate the pollution by organic elements: nitrites, nitrates, and microbiological elements: total and fecal coliforms and streptococci and their impact on the water quality. Samples were collected during May and June 2021 from 5 stations along the valley, and 18 wells were spread out on the plain. The analysis of nitrites and nitrates was carried out by liquid chromatography. In addition, the colony counting of coliforms and streptococci was carried out according to the recommendations of the Algerian water company. The results show an increase in the concentration of nitrites, nitrates, total and fecal coliforms, and the streptococci, particularly in valley waters with very high levels that exceed the normal threshold of drinking water. This increase may be due to wastewater discharges and the intensive use of fertilizers, septic tanks, leaching of animal manure, runoff water, and rearing of domestic or wild animals. The increased levels of nitrites, nitrates, total and fecal coliforms, and the streptococci increase the risk of the vulnerability of the waters of the plain to pollution and degradation of surface waters and the environment in general.
Genetic diversity of rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia for plus trees selection
Authors: RIASTIWI INDIRA , WITJAKSONO WITJAKSONO , RATNADEWI DIAH , SIREGAR ULFAH JUNIARTI
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Riastiwi I, Witjaksono, Ratnadewi D, Siregar UJ. 2022. Genetic diversity of rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia for plus trees selection. Biodiversitas 23: 2630-2639. Rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia Roxb.) or sonokeling is an important woody plant species with a high selling value. However, due to overexploitation, this species has been listed in Appendix II of CITES and its trade is strictly regulated. Therefore, the cultivation of this plant needs encouragement, and superior planting materials from selected plus trees are needed. This study aimed to examine the genetic diversity of the rosewood population and select plus trees in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. The plus tree selection was performed by comparing plus tree candidates with five other trees nearby in four districts, i.e. Bantul, Gunungkidul, Kulon Progo, and Sleman. As many as 61 plus tree candidates have been identified. Genetic diversity was assessed using 10 selected ISSR primers, resulting in 101 ISSR loci with average Polymorphic Loci values ??of 64.71% and Nei Heterozygosity of 0.23. The highest gene diversity (He=0.29) was found in the Kulon Progo population, and the lowest He=0.17 was in the Bantul population. The dendogram and PCA analysis put Gunungkidul and Bantul populations into one group, separated from the Sleman and Kulon Progo populations. Based on morphological and molecular analysis, six superior plus trees were obtained.
Short Communication: Antioxidant activity and metabolite profiles of leaves and stem extracts of Vitex negundo
Authors: ALFARABI MUHAMMAD , TURHADI TURHADI , SURYOWATI TRINI , IMANELI NURIN AYU , SIHOMBING PRETTY OKTAVIANI
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Alfarabi M, Turhadi, Suryowati T, Imaneli NA, Sihombing PO. 2022. Short Communication: Antioxidant activity and metabolite profiles of leaves and stem extracts of Vitex negundo. Biodiversitas 23: 2663-2667. Many plantspecies could be used as natural sources of antioxidants, one of which is Vitex negundo or lagundi which grows widely in Southeast and South Asia. Due to the wide distribution of growth areas, so different habitats could be a factor causing variations in V. negundo bioactivity, especially antioxidant activity. In addition to environmental factors, extract derived from different plant parts could also contribute to variations in the content of metabolites that affect bioactivity. The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of leaf and stem extracts of V. negundo and evaluate the metabolites contained in the extracts. Antioxidant activity analysis was performed using the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and GC-MS analysis was used to identify bioactive metabolites. Leafand stem extract of V. negundo showed antioxidant activity directly proportional to the increasein extract concentration. A total of 8 metabolites were identified from the three extracts, i.e., acrolein, hydroquinone, sitosterol, naphthalene, pyrogallol, squalene, phytol, and hexadecenoic acid. There were correlations between antioxidant activity and the metabolites contained in the three extracts. It is suggested that the bioactivity of the extract is due to the interaction of these metabolites.
Spatio-temporal analysis of dholes (Cuon alpinus) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand
Authors: KHOEWSREE NORASET , PLA-ARD MANANYA , SUKMASUANG RONGLARP , PAANSRI PAANWARIS , CHANACHAI YUWALUK , KAEWDEE BUNYATIPORN , PHENGTHONG PHANITSUPHA
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Khoewsree N, Pla-ard M, Sukmasuang R, Paansri P, Chanachai Y, Kaewdee B, Phengthong P. 2022. Spatio-temporal analysis of dholes (Cuon alpinus) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 2668-2678. The relationship of the occurrence of key wildlife species and other wildlife in the ecosystems is complex and unique as a result of interactions between species as well as responses to complex environments. Spatio-temporal analysis of dholes (Cuon alpinus) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand, aimed to study of the coexistence of the dhole with its main prey, humans, and other physical factors based on camera trapping. The temporal and spatial overlap analysis found that dholes coexist with five prey species and also with humans. The dhole also occurred with a significant positive temporal or spatial overlap with 20 other potential prey species. It was found that water sources and villages had a negative effect on the dhole's occupancy while there was a positive effect from roads, elevation, and slope. The dhole's occupancy model was most closely related to small rodent proximity. It also was found that the dhole's occupation was also related to humans. Based on the results of this study, some recommendations were developed to advocate the strict management of recreation areas. There should also be a boundary between the area of ??human activities and the natural forest of the area and this should include the control of illegal entry into the area from the area surrounding the national park to reduce interactions between human activities and wildlife.
Additional distribution records of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) with seven species new to Nepal
Authors: KC Sajan , SAPKOTA ANISHA
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Sajan KC, Sapkota A. 2022. Additional distribution records of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) with seven species new to Nepal. Biodiversitas 23: 2711-2743. New distribution records of some butterflies of Nepal are given in terms of geographical area, season and elevation based on our observations since early 2017 to late 2021. Seven new species: Hasora taminatus (Hübner, 1818), Hasora vitta (Butler, 1870), Celaenorrhinus pyrrha de Nicéville, 1889, Seseria sambara (Moore, [1866]), Coladenia agni (de Nicéville, [1884]), Erionota thrax (Linnaeus, 1767) and Tarucus balkanicus (Freyer, 1844), one new subspecies: Pelopidas conjuncta narooa (Moore, 1878) are added to the known butterfly fauna of Nepal along with two other species which need further confirmation: Rohana tonkiniana Fruhstorfer, 1906 and Neptis capnodes Fruhstorfer, 1908. Six species: Gerosis sinica (C. & R. Felder, 1862), Aeromachus kali (de Nicéville, 1885), Aeromachus pygmaeus (Fabricius, 1775), Niphanda cymbia de Nicéville, [1884], Tarucus nara (Kollar, 1848) and Discophora timora Westwood, [1850] have been reported for the second time in Nepal. This paper provides an updated distribution record of close to 200 species of butterflies in Nepal while discussing the possible causes of change in their distribution.
The building size effect on bird community assemblages in tropical urban ecosystem
Authors: UTAMA ABDIEL ADAM , Nurvianto Sandy
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Utama AA, Nurvianto S. 2022. The building size effect on bird community assemblages in tropical urban ecosystem. Biodiversitas 23: 2775-2782. The construction of buildings is one of the factors that cause landscape changes in urban areas. Landscape changes can result in the fragmentation of animal habitats that live in urban areas. Characteristics of urban structures, such as spatial configuration and distribution of building types, are some of the factors that influence the distribution pattern and abundance of bird species in urban areas. This research aimed to describe the effect of building type on the diversity of bird species in Province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, or Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Bird data were recorded using the point count method, while building type data and vegetation height were obtained by subtracting Digital Surface Model (DSM) data and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data in the built-up area. The data was recorded from three levels of urbanization, namely urban, suburban and rural. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to visualize the response of birds to the type of building. After that, the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was used to determine the effect of the type of building on the diversity of bird species. The results showed that shrub cover affected species richness and abundance of birds. The building types with a height below 18 meters had a negative effect on the abundance and diversity of birds in suburban areas. The abundance of birds in urban areas was positively affected by the type of building with a height of between 18 and 30 meters. The existence of buildings in urban areas can reduce bird feed sources. Making spatial plans that provide more variety of plant cover and diversity of building heights are expected to increase bird diversity in urban areas.
System Identification and Heuristic Control of Segmented Ailerons for Enhanced Stability of Fixed Wing UAVs
Authors: Sattar Abdul , Wang Liuping , Mohamed Abdulghani , Fisher Alex
Published: May 2022

Different from conventional aircraft, an investigation on system identification and control design has been carried out on a small fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with a multi-segment ailerons. The multi-segment aileron setup is configured as a multi-input and single-output system and each segment is modeled as a control input. Experiments are conducted in a wind tunnel to determine the frequency responses of the system and the corresponding transfer functions. Multiple PID controllers are designed and implemented in a cascaded form for each control surface. Furthermore, a heuristic switching control strategy is implemented for the aircraft where the multi-segment ailerons perform as a single-segment aileron in a normal flight condition, and adapts to multi-segment control when encountering severe turbulence or a large angle reference change. Experimental results reveal that although each control surface has the capability for stabilization of the aircraft, the proposed control strategy by combining the multiple actuation surfaces reduces the mean squared errors for the roll angle up to $37$ percent in the highly turbulent environment providing superior disturbance rejection properties to the aircraft.
Unified Model of Disturbances Acting Upon Gimbal Seeker in Anti-Tank Guided Missile
Authors: Nawrocki Radosław
Published: May 2022

Optimisation of the dynamic response of gimbal seeker plays key role from the point of view of development of anti-tank guided missile’s systems. In this study the set of the most important internal disturbances were integrated in generalized model of two axis gimbal seeker implemented in MathWorks’ Simulink environment. Compared to previous works on the subject, it was enhanced by replacing simple friction model with dynamic LuGre friction. Furthermore, its Coulomb component was linked to the normal force induced by missile’s lateral acceleration. Control system of gimbal seeker proposed in paper was tuned with modelled disturbances turned off and then examined with them being turned one by one. System’s responses were assessed to be significantly deteriorated, proving need of disturbance modelling and its use in control systems’ design.
Structurally R-Controllable and Structurally R-Observable Descriptor Linear Electrical Circuits
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz , Borawski Kamil
Published: May 2022

Structurally R-controllable and structurally R-observable descriptor linear electrical circuits are investigated.Sufficient conditions are given under which the Rcontrollability and R-observability of descriptor linear electrical circuits are independent of their parameters.
A focused review of short electrospun nanofiber preparation techniques for composite reinforcement
Authors: Shakil Usaid Ahmed , Abu Hassan Shukur Bin , Yahya Mohd Yazid , Rejab Mohd Ruzaimi Mat
Published: May 2022

Short nanofibers have been of interest in preparing 3D porous structures, aerosol filters, and nanocomposites. These materials require nanofiber retrieval and application in short form with simultaneous control over aspect ratio. Electrospinning, conventionally, offers minimal control over short nanofiber yield as nonwoven mat is the default configuration of collected sample. High surface area to volume ratio nanofiber, however, can offer new vistas in material design if standardization of short nanofiber preparation practices, offering control over aspect ratio, can be attained. It will provide novel insights into design of tissue engineering scaffolds, filtration membranes, and nanocomposite properties. This work summarizes reported efforts to prepare short nanofiber through mechanical, chemical, material, and operational variables. It aims to provide comparative glance at attempts to control aspect ratio along with pros and cons of the adopted techniques. Lastly, discussion shares generalized conclusions and insights gathered while reviewing material and operational variables adopted for short nanofiber preparation.
The Clinical Value of Syntax Scores in Predicting Coronary Artery Disease Outcomes
Authors: Askin Lutfu , Tanriverdi Okan
Published: May 2022

The Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score (SS) has significantly improved angiographic risk stratification. By analyzing angiographic variables, this score characterizes coronary artery disease qualitatively and quantitatively. To date, combining this score with other non-angiographic clinical scores has broadened perspectives regarding risk estimation, and future research on this topic appears promising.
Localisation and stimulation of the parietal eye field*
Authors: Phamnguyen Thienan John , Wijayath Manori , Bleasel Andrew , Rahman Zebunnessa , Bartley Melissa , Dexter Mark , Wong Chong
Published: May 2022

Localisation of the human parietal eye fields (PEF) has not been as well studied as the human frontal eye fields (FEF). Stimulation studies in rhesus monkeys have suggested the localisation of the PEF to be within the intraparietal sulcus. Functional MRI studies have demonstrated this region to be highly active and potentially connected in saccadic and gaze shifting tasks. Here, we present a case of a patient with left versive seizures evaluated with SEEG, in whom electrical stimulation within the right intraparietal sulcus resulted in horizontal and downward conjugate eye movements contralateral to stimulation. We illustrate clinical differences between the FEF and PEF on cortical stimulation. In addition to the frontal eye field, it is important to recognise other cortical regions involved in eye movement which can cause conjugate contralateral eye movement.
Post‐stroke seizure risk prediction models: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Seong Hoon , Aw Kah Long , Banik Snehashish , Myint Phyo Kyaw
Published: May 2022

Objective. Stroke is the commonest cause of epileptic seizures in older adults. Risk factors for post‐stroke seizure (PSS) are well known, however, predicting PSS risk is clinically challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of PSS risk prediction models developed to date.

Methods. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies using MEDLINE and EMBASE from database inception to 28th December 2020. The search criteria included all peer‐reviewed research articles, in which PSS risk prediction models were developed or validated for ischaemic and/or haemorrhagic stroke. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to generate summary statistics of model performance and receiver operating characteristic curves. Quality appraisal of studies was conducted using PROBAST.

Results. Thirteen original studies involving 182,673 stroke patients (mean age: 38‐74.9 years; 29.4‐60.9% males), reporting 15 PSS risk prediction models were included. The incidence of early PSS (occurring ≤one week from stroke onset) and late PSS (occurring >one week from stroke onset) was 4.5% and 2.1%, respectively. Cortical involvement, functional deficits, increasing lesion size, early seizures, younger age, and haemorrhage were the commonest predictors across the models. SeLECT demonstrated greatest predictive accuracy (AUC 0.77 [95% CI: 0.71‐0.82]) for late PSS following ischaemic stroke, and CAVE for predicting late PSS following haemorrhagic stroke (AUC 0.81 [0.76‐0.86]). Fourteen of 15 studies demonstrated a high risk of bias, with lack of model validation and reporting of performance measures on calibration and discrimination being the commonest reasons.

Significance. Although risk factors for PSS are widely documented, this review identified few multivariate models with low risk of bias, synthetising single variables into an individual prediction of seizure risk. Such models may help personalise clinical management and serve as useful research tools by identifying stroke patients at high risk of developing PSS for recruitment into studies of anti‐epileptic drug prophylaxis.
Phenotypic spectrum and long‐term outcome of children with genetic early‐infantile‐onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Hu Chunhui , Liu Deying , Luo Tian , Wang Yi , Liu Zhisheng
Published: May 2022

Objective. Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) is characterized by refractory seizures, developmental delay or intellectual disability, which may be caused by gene mutation. In this study, we explored the clinical phenotype and long‐term outcome in children with genetic early‐infantile‐onset DEEs.

Methods. Next‐generation sequencing was performed on 470 patients diagnosed with early‐infantile‐onset DEE between 2010 and 2020. The genetic variation in all cases was classified and evaluated to identify pathogenic variants. The identified variants were further verified by Sanger sequencing.

Results. A total of 118 and 10 patients were found to have putative disease‐causing gene mutations and copy number variations, respectively. SCN1A mutations were detected in 38 patients (38/118, 32.2%), representing the largest proportion. In patients with early‐infantile‐onset DEE with burst suppression, KCNQ2 mutation was found in six patients, and the remaining mutations were reported in SCN2A (n=2) and STXBP1 (n=1). Seven patients with dyskinesia were described. In patients with non‐syndromic genetic early‐infantile‐onset DEEs, we detected possible rare pathogenic variants in SETBP1, DPYD, CSNK2B, and H3F3A. With regards to inheritance pattern, de novo heterozygous mutations accounted for the majority (104/118; 88.1%). Three patients with SMC1A mutations responded well to ketogenic diet add‐on therapy. Addition of valproic acid showed good therapeutic effects against KCNB1 and PACS2 encephalopathy.

Significance. We detected four possible rare pathogenic gene variants as non‐syndromic genetic causes of early‐infantile‐onset DEEs. Although early‐infantile‐onset DEEs responded poorly to antiseizure medication treatment, we found that specific antiseizure medications showed good therapeutic effects in some patients with early‐infantile‐onset DEEs harbouring gene variants.
The operational definition of epileptiform discharges significantly improves diagnostic accuracy and inter‐rater agreement of trainees in EEG reading
Authors: Kural Mustafa Aykut , Aydemir Sabiha Tezcan , Levent Hafize Cotur , Ölmez Büsra , Özer Inci Sule , Vlachou Maria , Witt Agnes Hauschultz , Yilmaz Abdullah Yasir , Beniczky Sándor
Published: May 2022

Objective To assess whether trainees can learn and implement the operational definition of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN), based on six morphological criteria, and whether its implementation improves their diagnostic performance and inter‐rater agreement (IRA).

Methods Seven trainees evaluated a balanced dataset of 70 EEG samples containing sharp transients (35 from patients with epilepsy and 35 from patients with non‐epileptic paroxysmal events). The gold standard was derived from video‐EEG recordings of the habitual clinical episodes. The trainees individually reviewed the EEGs, blinded to all other data, in two successive training sessions, three months apart. The second session was preceded by a teaching module about the IFCN criteria, and the trainees implemented them during the second reading session.

Results By implementing the IFCN criteria, trainees significantly improved their specificity (94.29% vs. 77.14%; p=0.01) and overall accuracy (81.43% vs. 64.29%; p=0.01) for identifying IEDs. Sensitivity also improved but did not reach the level of statistical significance (77.14% vs. 60%; p=0.07). IRA improved significantly from fair (k=0.31; 95% CI: 0.22‐0.40) to high‐moderate (k=0.56; 95% CI:0.46‐0.67) beyond‐chance agreement.

Significance Implementing the IFCN criteria significantly improves the diagnostic performance and IRA of trainees in identifying IEDs. Teaching the IFCN criteria for IEDs will increase specificity in clinical EEG and avoid over‐reading, the most common cause of misdiagnosing epilepsy.
Predictors of outcome among 31 children with infantile spasms syndrome
Authors: Kvernadze Ana , Tatishvili Nana , Lomidze Giorgi , Tarkhnishvili Nino , Kipiani Tamar , Tatishvili Sofia
Published: May 2022

Objective. Infantile spasms syndrome is a severe epileptic encephalopathy. Management of infantile spasms remains challenging because of pharmacoresistant forms and relapsing seizures. A high number of patients with this syndrome have neurodevelopmental delay. The main objective of our study was to determine predictors to measure the neurodevelopmental outcome of patients with infantile spasms.

Methods. We prospectively evaluated 31 patients with infantile spasms from 2014 to 2017 at three hospitals in Tbilisi, Georgia. Various demographic data were evaluated at the first visit; video‐EEG, brain MRI and neurodevelopmental evaluation were performed upon admission. A diary to record spasms was provided and completed by all parents/caregivers. Seizures were recorded on video and the phenomenology of infantile spasms was studied. Children were followed for one and two years after the first assessment.

Results. Neurodevelopmental deterioration was revealed in 61.1% on the second and 53% on the third evaluation in patients with onset of spasms before seven months of age. The mean score on the ASQ communication domain was low among structural cases. Eleven patients with pre‐existing delay had developmental regression based on the second evaluation (Fisher's exact test: 7.2; df 1; p=0.01).

Significance. Our study reveals that age at onset of infantile spasms at less than seven months, pre‐existing developmental delay, low ASQ scores and structural abnormalities on MRI are predictors of poor developmental outcome. Our data suggest that clinicians should inform parents at the first clinical evaluation about prognosis, and intervention should be started as early as possible in order to improve development.
Reversible downbeat nystagmus induced by carbamazepine in a three‐year‐old child
Authors: Fohlen Martine , Taussig Delphine , bulteau Christine , Audren François
Published: May 2022

Content available: Video
Non‐convulsive febrile status epilepticus mimicking a postictal state after a febrile seizure: an ictal electroclinical and evolutive study
Authors: Proietti Jacopo , Fiorini Elena , Meneghello Lisa , Cantalupo Gaetano , Fontana Elena , Lo Barco Tommaso , Bernardina Bernardo Dalla , Darra Francesca
Published: May 2022

Objective Febrile status epilepticus evolves from a febrile seizure (FS) in 5% of cases. Its prompt recognition is challenging, especially when motor manifestations are absent or subtle. We describe the ictal electroclinical features of non‐convulsive febrile status epilepticus (NCFSE) following an apparently concluded FS, initially misinterpreted as postictal obtundation and in some way mimicking the described “non‐epileptic twilight state”.

Methods We present an electroclinical study of 18 children, collected in our unit, who presented with NCFSE after an apparently resolved FS, longitudinally followed for one year to seven years and nine months (mean: four years and three months). The age at first NCFSE ranged between one year and two months and five years and eight months (mean: two years and six months). Patients were examined after spontaneous or rectal diazepam‐induced resolution of a FS, while showing persisting impairment of awareness.

Results A lack of responsiveness to painful stimulation, abnormal posturing and aphasia were present in all cases, variably associated with perioral cyanosis, hypersalivation, automatisms, gaze deviation and other lateralizing signs; eyes were open. The EEG recording started 20 to 140 minutes after the apparent resolution of the FS and was invariably characterized by delta or theta‐delta pseudorhythmic activity, mainly involving the fronto‐temporal regions, with hemispheric predominance in two thirds of the cases. The electroclinical condition, lasting 25 to 210 minutes, quickly recovered after intravenous diazepam. Follow‐up revealed normal neurodevelopment and EEG in almost all patients (learning disability emerged in three). In five subjects, NCSE relapsed (twice in two). None presented afebrile seizures.

Significance Our series highlights the electroclinical features of focal NCFSE. Distinctive elements are a lack of reactivity, cyanosis, lateralizing clinical and EEG signs, and resolution clearly tied to intravenous benzodiazepine administration.
Construction and analysis of a competing endogenous RNA network associated with circRNAs dysregulated in medial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Li Kelu , Wu Chongmin , Zhu Yongyun , Yin Weifang , Ren Hui , Yang Xinglong
Published: May 2022

Objective The aetiology and pathogenesis of medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) remain unclear, and effective treatments are lacking. The involvement of a dysregulated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in MTLE is only partially understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate MTLE regulatory networks composed of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) through a ceRNA network map.

Methods RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and small RNA‐seq were used to detect mRNAs, circRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs differentially expressed between post‐operation hippocampal tissues of MTLE patients (n = 3) and paracancer tissues (n = 3). We performed bioinformatics analysis to identify differentially expressed RNAs and construct the corresponding ceRNA network. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of differentially expressed RNAs were conducted to explore the biological processes and pathways involved in MTLE.

Results We identified 352 differentially expressed mRNAs, 179 circRNAs, and 42 miRNAs in MTLE. A ceRNA network composed of mRNAs, circRNAs, and miRNAs was constructed. GO and KEGG analysis of the network suggested a key role of synapses and mTOR, cAMP, ErbB, FoxO, and HIF‐1 signalling pathways in MTLE.

Significance We identify a new circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA ceRNA network in MTLE. These results can help clarify the aetiology of MTLE and identify targeted molecular therapies.
Complexities of frontal eye field seizure semiology
Authors: Nooraine Javeria , Raghavendra Seetharam
Published: May 2022

Content available: Video
Short‐term effectiveness of a condensed series of standard EEG lectures for adult neurology residents*
Authors: Nascimento Fábio A. , Moore Michael , Olandoski Marcia , Gavvala Jay R.
Published: May 2022

Objective To investigate (i) the short‐term effectiveness of a series of traditional didactic EEG lectures for an adult neurology resident cohort and (ii) whether the educational benefit of such lectures correlates with residents’ prior formal EEG exposure.

Methods We evaluated the short‐term effectiveness of traditional lectures by testing residents’ EEG knowledge before and after a series of four EEG lectures given by epilepsy attending physicians. The EEG test consisted of both normal (27) and abnormal (10) EEG questions. Only residents who performed the test before (pre‐test) and after (post‐test) and attended at least two lectures were included. Residents were divided based on whether they had at least one EEG rotation during or prior to the study (Group A) or not (Group B).

Results Twelve residents met the inclusion criteria: two PGY1 (one‐year postgraduate), four PGY2, one PGY3, and five PGY4 residents. One of these residents did not complete the abnormal EEG section of the tests. The time interval between both tests ranged from 40 to 75 days. The overall score (mean±SEM) for the normal (n=12) EEG section was 47±6.1% (pre‐test) and 58±5.5% (post‐test) (p=0.0168). The overall score for the abnormal (n=11) EEG section was 48±7.2% (pre‐test) and 62±8.6% (post‐test) (p=0.0396). Group A (n=6) pre‐ and post‐test scores were 53±6.7% and 72±4.6%, respectively (p=0.0008). Group B (n=5) pre‐ and post‐test scores were 42±11.4% and 48±11.7%, respectively (p=0.3777).

Significance A condensed series of four EEG lectures given by epilepsy attending physicians generated a statistically significant increase in EEG knowledge among adult neurology residents who already had some degree of formal in‐residency EEG exposure. Standard EEG lectures may be an invaluable tool in resident EEG education. It would be advisable to ensure that residents undergo hands‐on EEG exposure through formal rotations either prior to or during standard lectures in order to generate maximal educational benefits via this teaching avenue.
OPTIC NERVE AND RETINAL LAYER MEASUREMENTS WITH OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN PCR POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE COVID-19 PATIENTS
Authors: AYDIN Nihat , ÇAPRAZ Mustafa
Published: May 2022

Objective and Aim
Covid-19 targets all tissue and organ systems, not just the lungs. The optic nerve and retina with extensive microvascular nutrition are prone to viral involvement. Optical coherence tomography is a technology that provides detailed information about both optic nerve and retinal structure. The study was carried out to investigate possible changes in the optic nerve and retinal structure of patients with Covid-19 infection, dividing PCR positivity or negativity.
Methods
Thirty PCR positive Covid-19 patients with different ages and varying admission complaints were included in the study. Twenty-five Covid-19 patients who were PCR negative with similar age and gender were selected as a secondary group for comparison. All patients underwent ophthalmologic examination, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, funduscopy, and OCT. These examinations were performed four weeks after the diagnosis of Covid-19 for full compliance with the mandatory isolation. In addition, RNFL, retinal thickness, and retinal volume measurements were performed.
Results
No statistical significance was observed in any parameter between the PCR positive or negative patients when the comparative analysis for both eyes in RFNL measurements. There was a significant difference in retinal thickness measurements between the PCR positive and negative groups regarding left eye central retinal thickness (p=0.047). However, there was no statistical difference in retinal volume measurements.
Conclusion
Retinal imaging with optical coherence tomography is a non-invasive, reproducible, and rapid technique in which subclinical or overt retinal pathologies can be detected during COVID-19. Therefore, management of COVID-19 patients should include retinal assessment with close follow-up, especially in patients with headaches and optic pain.
Les traductions homophoniques du français au français
Authors: Chevrier Alain
Published: May 2022

This chapter aims at presenting a historical mapping of intralingual French-to-French homophonic translations (or adaptations), consisting essentially of equivocations and puns. The ambiguous rhymes are refinements of court poetry in the Renaissance. Puns developed as mind games in 18th century salons. Lexicographers then gave the first records of homonyms. Humorous homophonic verse experienced a journalistic efflorescence at the end of the 19th century. Some modernist poets attempted an episodic use of puns. Just like the Oulipo systematically explored homophony, contemporary poets keep resorting to these games on double meaning.
Displaced Writing
Authors: Telge Claus
Published: May 2022

Certains courants actuels de la poésie allemande se confrontent à la traduction en traçant les contours (post)conceptuels d’une réécriture envisagée à la fois comme outil critique et adaptée à notre époque de mondialisation accélérée. Ce chapitre part du constat que les pratiques de traduction de surface, – c’est-à-dire tout un ensemble de formes expérimentales de traduction qui, sur le plan du son et/ou du sens, déplacent un texte-source par des stratégies d’appropriation –, sont utilisées de façon créative pour examiner la pensée politique et culturelle véhiculée par des symptômes linguistiques ambivalents et souvent stigmatisés. À partir de lectures d’œuvres d’Ann Cotten, de Yoko Tawada et – surtout – d’Uljana Wolf, cette étude cherche à proposer de nouvelles manières de rendre compte de la complexité d’une poétique translinguistique et traductive qui pousse le lecteur au-delà des limites d’une écriture et d’une parole normées, des modes habituels d’appartenance à une langue ou à une identité.
Un singe de beauté
Authors: Lecercle Jean-Jacques
Published: May 2022

The point of departure of this chapter is Le Lionnais’s homophonic translation of the first line of Keats’s Endymion, “A thing of beauty is a joy for ever”. The first section demonstrates the spectacular superiority of the homophonic translation over its Keatsian source. The second and third sections define the operation of homophonic translation first by stating the eight conditions of a well-formed sentence according to the mainstream conception of language (only one language; a meaning that coherent, unique, fixed, transparent, abstract, limited and devoid of affect), then by showing that homophonic translation rejects all eight constraints. Such deliberate infractions are then theorised (sections 4 and 5), using Deleuze’s conceptions of sense and of style and Althusser’s concept of interpellation. The conclusion shows that the function of homophonic translation is jouer la langue, in all the senses of this polysemic French phrase (playing on and with language, being played upon by language, betting on language and acting language).
Le materialisation de l’original en traduction
Authors: Bellomo Paolo
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores how homophonic practices came to be called ‘translation’ in the second half of the 20th century. This calls for an analysis of what homophonic translation tells us about literary translation in general and how it deconstructs the dialectic of loss and gain in the field of Translation Studies. To do so, this essay identifies a meaningful turn in translation thinking at the beginning of the 19th century: using Rancière’s hypothesis on literature’s history, this essay contends that such transformation is a “materialization of the original”. In questioning the junction between this materialization and the letter, the intent of this essay is to highlight the relationship of resemblance between originals and translations afforded by homophonic translation. Because they present borrowed, imprinted and sculpted matter, the plastered skulls used for funerary practice in Jericho offer a fertile allegory to think about the way homophonic translations must destroy the original in order to keep part of it materially alive.