bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possible Mechanisms of Expansion of Concrete Exposed to Elevated Temperatures During Curing (Also Known as DEF) and Implications for Avoidance of Field Problems
Authors: Scrivener KL , Damidot D , Famy C
Published: January 2010

The phenomenon of expansion in concretes which have been exposed to elevated temperatures during curing and subsequently to moisture is discussed; in particular, the relationship of this expansion to the formation of ettringite after initial curing (delayed ettringite formation). Evidence is also presented for the possible implication of the C-S-H gel in the expansion process.

The avoidance of this type of expansion in field concrete is also discussed. The data show that expansion occurs only when the concrete temperature during hydration exceeds 65°C and that the proportion of cements that expand under laboratory testing conditions increases as the temperature of exposure increases. Tests on limited numbers of cements have indicated that some factors in the cement that appear to influence the tendency of the concrete to expand after elevated temperature curing (such as, alkalis content, fineness, SO3), but there is no general relationship between these factors and the degree of expansion valid across the range of commercial cements. This means that the selection of a cement within certain limits will not guarantee the avoidance of expansion if the concrete is exposed to a high enough temperature during curing.
Cementitious Composites Containing Recycled Tire Rubber: An Overview of Engineering Properties and Potential Applications
Authors: Nehdi M , Khan A
Published: January 2010

One of the major environmental challenges facing municipalities around the world is the disposal of worn out automobile tires. To address this global problem, several studies have been conducted to examine various applications of recycled tire rubber (fine crumb rubber and coarse tire chips). Examples include the reuse of ground tire rubber in a variety of rubber and plastic products, thermal incineration of waste tires for the production of electricity or as fuel for cement kilns, and use of recycled rubber chips in asphalt concrete. Unfortunately, generation of waste tires far exceeds these uses. This paper emphasizes another technically and economically attractive option, which is the use of recycled tire rubber in portland cement concrete. Preliminary studies show that workable rubberized portland cement concrete (rubcrete) mixtures can be made provided that appropriate percentages of tire rubber are used in such mixtures. Achievements in this area are examined in this paper, with special focus on engineering properties of rubcrete mixtures. These include: workability, compressive strength, split-tensile strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, toughness, impact resistance, sound and heat insulation, and freezing and thawing resistance. The benefits of using magnesium oxychloride cement as a binder for rubberized concrete mixtures are discussed. Various applications in which rubcrete could be advantageous over conventional concrete are described.
Direct Spectrophotometric Determination of Aluminum Oxide in Portland Cement and Cement Clinker
Authors: Idriss KA , Hashem EY , Abdel-Aziz MS , Ahmed HM
Published: January 2010

A spectrophotometric study of the complexation reaction between Al3+ and Quinizarin (QUIN) is carried out to ascertain the suitability of the complex formed for direct spectrophotometric determination of aluminum. The absorbance at 550 nm, due to the aluminum-QUIN complex, formed at pH 3.8, is recommended for the determination of aluminum content of portland cement and cement clinker. The proposed method is simple and rapid and possesses reasonable selectivity. Interference of iron (III), generally present in portland cement, is eliminated by addition of ascorbic acid. The results obtained for several SRMs, portland cement samples, and a variety of cement materials demonstrate that the proposed method allows precise and accurate determination of Al2O3 content over the concentration range 1.4 to 5.75 μg/mL of aluminum. The determination of Al can be carried out successfully in absence of a masking agent by using first-derivative spectrophotometry. Verification and use of control charts in spectrophotometric determination of Al is achieved. Record of verifier response during routine operation establishes that the method is being maintained in statistical control.
An Investigation of the Minimum Expected Uncertainty in the Linear Traverse Technique
Authors: Snyder K , Hover K , Natesaiver K
Published: January 2010

Analytical solutions to the minimum uncertainty in the linear traverse technique are presented. These solutions are based on the concept of a perfect operator conducting multiple linear traverses using highly accurate instruments on a well-prepared concrete specimen. The air void parameters calculated from each of the traverses will not be the same and will be distributed around an average value. The uncertainty in the knowledge of the true values of the parameters can be characterized by the dispersion of the multiple values of the parameters obtained. The minimum uncertainty is quantified here as twice the standard deviation (95% confidence interval) of the air void parameter values. The analytical solutions were verified by means of computer simulations of a linear traverse being performed on hardened air-entrained cement paste. Results indicate agreement between the analytical solutions and the computer simulations. The minimum uncertainty in measurements of air content, specific surface, and spacing factor are dependent primarily upon the number of chords in a traverse and secondarily upon the coefficient of variation of the chord lengths. The equations derived herein are applied to the results of a linear traverse conducted on an actual specimen of air-entrained concrete.
Influence of Sulfate Ions on Chloride-Induced Reinforcement Corrosion in Portland and Blended Cement Concretes
Authors: Al-Amoudi OSB , Rasheeduzzafar A-A , Maslehuddin M , Abduljauwad SN
Published: January 2010

Reinforced concrete structures serving in marine environments and in soils contaminated with high concentrations of chloride and sulfate salts are prone to two problems, namely reinforcement corrosion and sulfate attack. While a substantial number of studies have been carried out on reinforcement corrosion in pure chloride environments, practically no data exist on the influence of sulfate ions on chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion in plain and blended cement concretes.

In this study, the effect of chloride and sulfate ions, or both on reinforcement corrosion in plain and blended cement concretes was investigated. Reinforcement corrosion was evaluated by measuring corrosion potentials and corrosion current density at periodic intervals. The mechanisms of chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion in the presence of sulfate ions was elucidated by extracting and analyzing the pore solution.

The time to initiation of reinforcement corrosion was observed to be strongly related to the mobility and diffusivity of the chloride ions. Once the chloride and sulfate ions reach the steel-concrete interface, the concomitant presence of sulfates and chlorides generally increases the corrosion rate of steel in both plain and blended cements. Despite the very aggressive internal chemical environment in silica fume cement concrete, the corrosion current density was the lowest and generally below the threshold level. The longer time to initiation of corrosion and lower corrosion current density observed in silica fume cement concrete, even in very aggressive environments marked by high chloride and sulfate concentrations, emphasizes its usefulness in aggressive media.
Hexavalent Chromium in Portland Cement
Authors: Klemm WA
Published: January 2010

Due to increasing environmental and health-related concerns, the amount of hexavalent chromium found in portland cement is coming under increasing scrutiny. Hexavalent chromium has been classified as a carcinogen, and its release into the air or groundwater is regulated and controlled under many Federal and State regulations.

In addition to carcinogenic risks, soluble chromium has long been linked to chromate-sensitive contact dermatitis of workers exposed to wet cement or concrete. As a consequence, Scandinavian countries have limited the amount of hexavalent chromium allowed in portland cement. This is generally accomplished by intergrinding clinker and gypsum with the chemical reducing agent, ferrous sulfate, which maintains hexavalent chromium below 2 ppm. Developments in this area are reviewed.

Studies at a California cement plant showed that more than half of the hexavalent chromium in the cement was contributed by the grinding media in the finish mill. Attempts to reduce the chromium to its benign trivalent form with ferrous sulfate failed in full-scale trial grinds, due to oxidation of the ferrous iron. This indicates that further research is needed to find better methods for introducing ferrous sulfate into the cement or to develop more stable reducing agents.
Lipase-Catalyzed Production of Biodiesel from Tallow
Authors: Han Jingtian , Silcock Patrick , Bell Martin , Birch John
Published: January 2010

The use of enzymes (lipases) to convert triglycerides to acylesters (biodiesel) holds potential as an alternative to the conventional base catalyzed processes. Advantages include the ability to utilize impure feedstocks, less downstream processing, and potentially overcoming the requirement to dedicate expensive agricultural land for raw oil production. Lipid sources such as oleaginous microorganisms along with processing wastes may provide renewable substrates requiring minimal pre-processing. Transesterification of vegetable oils and restaurant grease has been studied using immobilized enzymes as catalysts with an optimal temperature of around 35°C. This study investigates ester formation from unrefined tallow at 50°C employing similar enzymes used for vegetable oils. Novozyme 435 (a commercially available immobilized enzyme) proved best at a loading of 2 % w/w based on tallow reaching 98 % conversion after 96 h using methanol as the chosen alcohol, with immobilized lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia (PS-30) (69 % conversion) proving superior to free PS-30 (11 % conversion), and the other lipases barely registering any activity. Immobilized PS-30 was chosen to investigate the effect of lipase level, alcohol reactant, water content of the tallow, grade of tallow, and influence of solvent or a solvent-free system. Results showed that water content of up to 0.6 % and the tallow grade had no effect on ester formation, while enzyme loadings of at least 4 % were needed to achieve a good conversion that plateaued at around 6–8 % water content. The primary alcohols ethanol, propanol, and butanol reacted equally efficiently with immobilized PS-30, reaching 96–99 % conversion, while methanol performed less well along with 2-propanol and 2-butanol where conversion was only in the range of 10–40 %. Transesterification reactions worked best in a non-polar environment with hexane as solvent (95 % conversion), with a higher polarity solvent, acetonitrile, also proving an efficient medium (80 % conversion), while solvents intermediate to these had little comparative activity, suggesting that solubility of reactants and products is a key driver in the conversion. Interestingly, petro-diesel proved to be a better solvent than using either a solvent-free system or a diethylether environment.
Gamma-Phase Shifting in Awake Monkey Visual Cortex
Authors: Vinck Martin , Lima Bruss , Womelsdorf Thilo , Oostenveld Robert , Singer Wolf , Neuenschwander Sergio , Fries Pascal
Published: January 2010

Gamma-band synchronization is abundant in nervous systems. Typically, the strength or precision of gamma-band synchronization is studied. However, the precise phase with which individual neurons are synchronized to the gamma-band rhythm might have interesting consequences for their impact on further processing and for spike timing-dependent plasticity. Therefore, we investigated whether the spike times of individual neurons shift systematically in the gamma cycle as a function of the neuronal activation strength. We found that stronger neuronal activation leads to spikes earlier in the gamma cycle, i.e., we observed gamma-phase shifting. Gamma-phase shifting occurred on very rapid timescales. It was particularly pronounced for periods in which gamma-band synchronization was relatively weak and for neurons that were only weakly coupled to the gamma rhythm. We suggest that gamma-phase shifting is brought about by an interplay between overall excitation and gamma-rhythmic synaptic input and has interesting consequences for neuronal coding, competition, and plasticity.
Global Image Dissimilarity in Macaque Inferotemporal Cortex Predicts Human Visual Search Efficiency
Authors: Sripati Arun P. , Olson Carl R.
Published: January 2010

Finding a target in a visual scene can be easy or difficult depending on the nature of the distractors. Research in humans has suggested that search is more difficult the more similar the target and distractors are to each other. However, it has not yielded an objective definition of similarity. We hypothesized that visual search performance depends on similarity as determined by the degree to which two images elicit overlapping patterns of neuronal activity in visual cortex. To test this idea, we recorded from neurons in monkey inferotemporal cortex (IT) and assessed visual search performance in humans using pairs of images formed from the same local features in different global arrangements. The ability of IT neurons to discriminate between two images was strongly predictive of the ability of humans to discriminate between them during visual search, accounting overall for 90% of the variance in human performance. A simple physical measure of global similarity—the degree of overlap between the coarse footprints of a pair of images—largely explains both the neuronal and the behavioral results. To explain the relation between population activity and search behavior, we propose a model in which the efficiency of global oddball search depends on contrast-enhancing lateral interactions in high-order visual cortex.
Proteasomal Degradation of Glutamine Synthetase Regulates Schwann Cell Differentiation
Authors: Saitoh Fuminori , Araki Toshiyuki
Published: January 2010

Rapid saltatory nerve conduction is facilitated by myelin structure, which is composed of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Schwann cells drastically change their phenotype following peripheral nerve injury. These phenotypic changes are required for efficient degeneration/regeneration. We previously identified ZNRF1 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase containing a RING finger motif, whose expression is upregulated in the Schwann cells following nerve injury. This suggested that posttranscriptional regulation of protein expression in Schwann cells may be involved in their phenotypic changes during nerve degeneration/regeneration. Here we report the identification of glutamine synthetase (GS), an enzyme that synthesizes glutamine using glutamate and ammonia, as a substrate for E3 activity of ZNRF1 in Schwann cells. GS is known to be highly expressed in differentiated Schwann cells, but its functional significance has remained unclear. We found that during nerve degeneration/regeneration, GS expression is controlled mostly by ZNRF1-dependent proteasomal degradation. We also found that Schwann cells increase oxidative stress upon initiation of nerve degeneration, which promotes carbonylation and subsequent degradation of GS. Surprisingly, we discovered that GS expression regulates Schwann cell differentiation; i.e., increased GS expression promotes myelination via its enzymatic activity. Among the substrates and products of GS, increased glutamate concentration inhibited myelination and yet promoted Schwann cell proliferation by activating metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling. This would suggest that GS may exert its effect on Schwann cell differentiation by regulating glutamate concentration. These results indicate that the ZNRF1-GS system may play an important role in correlating Schwann cell metabolism with its differentiation.
Activation Conditions for the Induction of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Dependent Long-Term Depression in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Cells
Authors: Fan Wei , Ster Jeanne , Gerber Urs
Published: January 2010

Two forms of homosynaptic long-term depression (LTD) are distinguished in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells, one which is NMDA receptor dependent and the other metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) dependent. Although the molecular processes involved in mGluR-LTD are well characterized, the conditions of circuit activation required for its induction remain unclear. We show that mGluR-LTD cannot be induced in synaptically coupled CA3–CA1 pyramidal cell pairs. Experiments to address the underlying mechanisms indicate that, even when glutamate transporters are blocked, one presynaptic cell releases insufficient glutamate to evoke an mGluR-mediated current in a connected CA1 cell. These findings imply that extrasynaptic diffusion is not a limiting factor and are consistent with a sparse distribution of functional mGluRs in the dendritic tree of pyramidal cells. Thus, the discharge of multiple Schaffer collaterals to a targeted cell is necessary for mGluR-LTD. Our experiments indicate that approximately eight CA3 inputs to a CA1 pyramidal cell must be activated to induce mGluR-LTD.
Long-term morphological, hormonal, and clinical follow-up in a single unit on 118 patients with adrenal incidentalomas
Authors: Giordano R , Marinazzo E , Berardelli R , Picu A , Maccario M , Ghigo E , Arvat E
Published: January 2010

Objective

To evaluate long-term morphological, functional, and clinical outcome in adrenal incidentalomas.

Design and methods

A total of 118 patients (77 F and 47 M; age 62.3±1.0 years) with adrenal incidentalomas were evaluated at baseline and followed-up for median 3 years (range 1–10 years) by clinical, biochemical, hormonal, and morphological evaluation. Among them, six patients with diagnosis of subclinical Cushing's syndrome (SCS) underwent surgery.

Results

At entry, 86% (n=102) of tumors were nonfunctioning (NF) and 14% (n=16) showed SCS. Comparing NF with SCS patients, a significantly higher percentage of dyslipidemia was found in the group of SCS patients (50 vs 23%,P=0.033). During follow-up, adrenal function remained normal in all NF patients, none of them developed subclinical or overt endocrine disease. The cumulative risk of mass enlargement was globally low (25%), but progressive up to 8 years. SCS was confirmed in all patients, and none of them shifted to overt Cushing's syndrome. The cumulative risk of developing metabolic–cardiovascular abnormalities was globally low (22%), but progressive up to 8 years and new diseases were recorded in the group of NF patients only (three patients with dyslipidemia, four with impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance, and three with diabetes mellitus). SCS patients who underwent surgery did not show any significant clinical improvement.

Conclusions

The risk of mass enlargement, hormonal, and metabolic impairment over time is globally low. Conservative management seems to be appropriate, but further prospective studies are needed to establish the long-term outcome of such patients, especially for metabolic status, cardiovascular risk profile and their relationship with endocrine function.
Use of proteomics to identify highly abundant maternal factors that drive the egg-to-embryo transition
Authors: Yurttas Piraye , Morency Eric , Coonrod Scott A
Published: January 2010

As IVF becomes an increasingly popular method for human reproduction, it is more critical than ever to understand the unique molecular composition of the mammalian oocyte. DNA microarray studies have successfully provided valuable information regarding the identity and dynamics of factors at the transcriptional level. However, the oocyte transcribes and stores a large amount of material that plays no obvious role in oogenesis, but instead is required to regulate embryogenesis. Therefore, an accurate picture of the functional state of the oocyte requires both transcriptional profiling and proteomics. Here, we summarize our previous studies of the oocyte proteome, and present new panels of oocyte proteins that we recently identified in screens of metaphase II-arrested mouse oocytes. Importantly, our studies indicate that several abundant oocyte proteins are not, as one might predict, ubiquitous housekeeping proteins, but instead are unique to the oocyte. Furthermore, mouse studies indicate that a number of these factors arise from maternal effect genes (MEGs). One of the identified MEG proteins, peptidylarginine deiminase 6, localizes to and is required for the formation of a poorly characterized, highly abundant cytoplasmic structure: the oocyte cytoplasmic lattices. Additionally, a number of other MEG-derived abundant proteins identified in our proteomic screens have been found by others to localize to another unique oocyte feature: the subcortical maternal complex. Based on these observations, we put forth the hypothesis that the mammalian oocyte contains several unique storage structures, which we have named maternal effect structures, that facilitate the oocyte-to-embryo transition.
Dual-phase nanocrystalline Ni–Co alloy with high strength and enhanced ductility
Authors: Qin Liyuan , Lian Jianshe , Jiang Zhonghao , Wang Guoyong , Jiang Qing
Published: January 2010

A dual-phase (DP) Ni–66.7%Co alloy with an average grain size of 16 nm was fabricated by electrodeposition. It exhibited an ultimate tensile strength of 1800–2080 MPa, together with an elongation to failure of 10–15% at room temperature. The remarkable ductility of this DP alloy with critical scale grains was attributed to its sustained high rate of strain hardening. Its fracture surface showed an unexpected deeply dimpled structure similar to that of coarse-grained ductile materials, which also witnesses the improved ductility.
The role of testosterone in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in men
Authors: Saad Farid
Published: January 2010

Over the last three decades, it has become apparent that testosterone plays a significant role in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. The metabolic syndrome is a clustering of risk factors predisposing to diabetes mellitus type 2, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The main components of the syndrome are visceral obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, raised blood pressure and dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and a pro-inflammatory and thrombogenic state. Cross-sectional epidemiological studies have reported a direct correlation between plasma testosterone and insulin sensitivity, and low testosterone levels are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, dramatically illustrated by androgen deprivation in men with prostate carcinoma. Lower total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) predict a higher incidence of the metabolic syndrome. There is evidence that hypotestosteronemia should be an element in the definition of the metabolic syndrome since low levels of testosterone are associated with or predict the development of the metabolic syndrome and of diabetes mellitus. Administration of testosterone to hypogonadal men reverses part of the unfavorable risk profile for the development of diabetes and atherosclerosis. So far, studies on the effects of normalization of testosterone in hypogonadal men on glucose homeostasis are limited, but convincing, and if diabetes mellitus is viewed in the context of the metabolic syndrome, the present results of testosterone treatment are very encouraging.
Disfunção do eixo gonadotrófico em homens com infecção pelo HIV/Aids
Authors: Ponte Clarisse Mourão Melo , Gurgel Maria Helane Costa , Montenegro Jr. Renan Magalhães
Published: January 2010

A disfunção do eixo gonadotrófico é frequentemente observada em pacientes infectados pelo HIV. A patogênese é multifatorial e está relacionada à duração da infecção pelo HIV, aos efeitos citopáticos diretos do vírus, ao uso de drogas gonadotóxicas, às infecções oportunistas, às neoplasias, à desnutrição, entre outros fatores. Em homens, a redução dos níveis de testosterona está associada à perda de massa e de força muscular, à redução da densidade mineral óssea, à lipodistrofia, à depressão, à astenia, à fadiga e à disfunção sexual. Em pacientes infectados pelo HIV com hipogonadismo, inúmeros estudos têm comprovado os efeitos benéficos da reposição de testosterona sobre o perfil metabólico e a distribuição da gordura corporal, com aumento da massa corporal magra, além de promover melhora da qualidade de vida, reduzir a perda de massa óssea e reduzir os índices de depressão. Assim, esta revisão teve como objetivo trazer uma breve atualização sobre o presente tema, abordando dados epidemiológicos, mecanismos fisiopatológicos e estratégias terapêuticas para as principais anormalidades do eixo gonadotrófico masculino associadas à infecção pelo HIV e ao seu tratamento.
Sintomas depressivos e qualidade de vida em pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 com polineuropatia distal diabética
Authors: Moreira Rodrigo O. , Amâncio Ana Paula R. L. , Brum Hugo R. , Vasconcelos Diane L. , Nascimento Gilvan F.
Published: January 2010

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto dos sintomas depressivos e da dor neuropática na qualidade de vida (QV) de pacientes diabéticos com polineuropatia distal diabética (PNDD). MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 204 pacientes com diabetes melito tipo 2. O diagnóstico de PNDD foi realizado por meio do Escore de Sintomas Neuropáticos e Escore de Comprometimento Neuropático. A gravidade da dor neuropática foi avaliada por meio da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA); os sintomas depressivos, por meio do Inventário Beck de Depressão (IBD); a QV, com o World Health Organization Quality of Life abreviado (WHOQOL-bref). RESULTADOS: Pacientes com PNDD apresentaram escores mais altos no IBD (12,6 ± 7,2 versus 9,9 ± 7,3; p = 0,018) e no EVA (5,0 ± 2,4 versus 2,6 ± 2,9, p < 0,001). Em relação à QV, apresentaram escores mais baixos no domínio físico (52,8 ± 15,5 versus 59,2 ± 17,0; p = 0,027) e ambiental (56,6 ± 12,3 versus 59,6 ± 13,6; p = 0,045). CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes diabéticos com PNDD apresentam pior QV nos domínios físico e ambiental do WHOQOL-bref, provavelmente devido à maior sintomatologia depressiva e gravidade de dor.
New records of chewing lice (Insecta, Phthiraptera) from birds of southern Brazil, with description of a new species
Authors: Valim Michel P. , Lambrecht Francine M. , Vianna Élvia E. S.
Published: January 2010

A collection of chewing lice was studied from the Natural History Museum of the Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Twenty three samples from 16 bird species were examined. Included therein was a new species of the genus Plegadiphilus Bedford, 1939 which is described, illustrated and compared to P. cayennensis Emerson & Price, 1969. An updated list of chewing lice species recorded from birds of that state is presented.
A new species of Neosilba (Diptera, Lonchaeidae) from Brazil
Authors: Strikis Pedro C. , Lerena Maria Laura M.
Published: January 2010

A new species of Neosilba McAlpine, 1962, N. pradoi sp. nov., is described and illustrated. This new species was found in the south of Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina), in the southeast (State of São Paulo) and center west (State of Mato Grosso do Sul). It has been reared from fruits of guava (Psidium guajava, Myrtaceae), "araçá" (Psidium cattleyanum, Myrtaceae), "guabiroba" (Campomanesia xanthocarpa, Myrtaceae), Surinam cherry (Malpighia emarginata, Malpighiaceae), cherry (Prunus avium, Rosaceae), orange (Citrus sinensis, Rutaceae), "ingá" (Inga laurina, Fabaceae), "esporão-de-galo" (Celtis iguanae, Ulmaceae) and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis, Passifloraceae).
Enxertia da cajazeira
Authors: Souza Eliziete Pereira de , Mendonça Rejane Maria Nunes , Silva Silvanda de Melo , Estrela Maria Alexandra , Souza Adailson Pereira de , Silva Gerciane Cabral da
Published: January 2010

A necessidade de técnicas de propagação assexuada recomendadas para a produção comercial de mudas limita a expansão comercial da cajazeira. Portanto, foi instalado um experimento na Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária da Paraíba - EMEPA, com o objetivo de avaliar o melhor método de enxertia para a cajazeira. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, estando nas parcelas os métodos de enxertia (garfagem em fenda cheia, inglês simples e fenda lateral) e nas subparcelas os períodos de avaliação (8 períodos). Cada unidade experimental foi constituída por 12 plantas. As avaliações de crescimento, comprimento da brotação dos enxertos (cm), diâmetro da brotação do enxerto (mm) e número de brotações por enxerto foram realizadas quinzenalmente, a partir da instalação do ensaio. O percentual de pegamento dos enxertos foi determinado aos 120 dias após a realização da enxertia. Os dados foram submetidos e interpretados através de análise de variância. Os maiores percentuais de pegamento de enxertia na cajazeira foram verificados nos métodos de garfagem a inglês simples e fenda lateral. O crescimento dos enxertos foi mais vigoroso na garfagem inglês simples.
Propagação vegetativa de genótipos de pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora L.) do Sul do Brasil por enxertia de garfagem
Authors: Franzon Rodrigo Cezar , Gonçalves Rafael da Silva , Antunes Luis Eduardo Corrêa , Raseira Maria do Carmo Bassols
Published: January 2010

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso da enxertia de garfagem em fenda cheia na propagação vegetativa de diferentes genótipos de pitangueira. Foram utilizados sete genótipos do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de fruteiras nativas do Sul do Brasil, mantidos na Embrapa Clima Temperado, em Pelotas-RS, dos quais foram coletados garfos (estacas semilenhosas), com aproximadamente 5 cm de comprimento. Utilizou-se como porta-enxertos de plantas de pitangueira oriundas de sementes. O diâmetro médio no ponto de enxertia foi de 2,5 mm. A enxertia foi realizada em setembro de 2006. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, sendo a unidade experimental constituída por 10 plantas. Foram avaliadas as percentagens de brotação e de pegamento dos enxertos. Os percentuais de estacas brotadas variaram entre 45,0% e 95,0%, enquanto o pegamento dos enxertos variou entre 40,0% e 87,5%. Percentuais acima de 65,0% foram obtidos para as seleções "Pit 75", "Pit 61" e "Pit 137", para ambos os parâmetros avaliados, brotação e pegamento dos enxertos. Existe diferença entre genótipos desta espécie quanto à capacidade de pegamento na enxertia por garfagem no topo em fenda cheia. Este tipo de enxertia é apropriado para a propagação vegetativa da pitangueira.
Médicos recém-formados: sólida formação geral ou sólida formação especializada?
Authors: Ribeiro Rafael Casali , Fonseca-Guedes Cristina Helena Ferreira , Nunes Maria do Patrocínio Tenório
Published: January 2010

OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos da especialização precoce - dedicação seletiva a uma especialidade médica no período de graduação - sobre a formação geral dos médicos recém-formados. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Candidatos ao processo seletivo a Programas de Residência Médica 2008 (PSPRM), formados na FMUSP em 2007 (universo = 163), destacados e agrupados por carreira pretendida (CP). Este estudo foca o desempenho no PSPRM e no histórico escolar. Análise intergrupos - candidatos a determinada CP x demais candidatos FMUSP e intragrupos - desempenho em diferentes áreas de conhecimento (AC) x média nas demais áreas. Coeficientes de correlação - entre fases do PSPRM e histórico. P < 0,05. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Existe correlação entre histórico e PSPRM. De acordo com os dados investigados, houve tendência de especialização precoce em GO (obstetrícia e ginecologia), PQ (psiquiatria) e PED (pediatria), com prejuízo em áreas de conhecimento não diretamente relacionadas à carreira pretendida. Candidatos à CM (clínica médica) apresentaram desempenho globalmente superior ao dos demais nas provas e no histórico, possivelmente devido ao interesse mais abrangente por toda a Medicina, que levaria a uma formação mais ampla e sólida.
Concepções do processo ensino-aprendizagem: um estudo com professores de medicina
Authors: Canuto Angela Maria Moreira , Batista Sylvia Helena Souza da Silva
Published: January 2010

Este artigo aborda a docência médica como um processo de construção social, que articula condicionantes político-acadêmicos, pedagógicos, pessoais e intersubjetivos. Com o objetivo de analisar as concepções de professores-médicos que ingressaram nas últimas cinco décadas na Universidade Federal de Alagoas sobre o ensino, a aprendizagem e os processos de formação docente em Medicina, delineou-se uma pesquisa com 21 docentes que atuam ou atuaram no curso de Medicina daquela universidade nas décadas de 1950 a 1990. Na coleta de dados foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, tratadas a partir da análise de conteúdo, do tipo temática. No âmbito do ensinar e do aprender em Medicina, os professores entrevistados destacaram a dimensão relacional entre professor e aluno. As trajetórias de formação mostraram-se influenciadas pelo autodidatismo, e a falta de sistematização de uma formação didático-pedagógica foi indicada pelos professores como uma lacuna em seus itinerários na docência médica. A formação docente em Medicina apresentou-se como um processo que abrange múltiplas experiências e modelos, evidenciando que se tornar professor de medicina é complexo, plural e multifacetado
Pergunte de mais de uma maneira: alternativas para aumentar a eficácia da anamnese
Authors: Votre Sebastião Josué , Rosa Maria Carlota , Salis Lucia Helena Alvares , Carvalho Diana Maul de , Silva Nelson Albuquerque de Souza e
Published: January 2010

Este trabalho focaliza a comunicação na relação médico-paciente, identificando pontos potencialmente geradores de dificuldades linguísticas para o médico. Os aspectos focalizados dizem respeito, primeiramente, ao emprego, pelas partes envolvidas numa situação de comunicação, de variedades linguísticas diferentes; e em segundo lugar, às estratégias discursivas empregadas. Defendemos que, para o médico, é fundamental ter certeza de que compreendeu o problema que lhe foi trazido, mas, para isso, terá de procurar confirmar com o paciente, em diferentes momentos da consulta, sua compreensão das informações que está recebendo e saber passar-lhe, de modo compreensível, seu julgamento da situação clínica e as ações necessárias. As situações que ilustram os problemas aqui referidos fazem parte da experiência profissional dos autores
Chorion biopsy in mongrel dogs
Authors: Ferreira Guilherme J. , Carvalho Ana F. , Branco Érika , Cabral Rosa , Gregores Guilherme B. , Fioretto Emerson T. , Lima Ana Rita de , Sarmento Carlos Alberto P. , Miglino Maria Angelica
Published: January 2010

With the great development of the gestational studies in all of the species, we noticed the necessity of adaptations of these techniques for prenatal diagnosis in dogs. Based on this, we studied the feasibility of chorion biopsy guided by ultrasound. Our results demonstrated accuracy on the sex determination being 2 males and 12 females, as well as it would be possible to identify chromosome alteration due to the quality of samplings. Sex determination was accomplished with the identification of Y gene chromosomes in PCR technique. After the collection, fragments were prepared for light microscopy studies and revealed fetal chorion tissue, blood colloid and erythrocyte. In the whole material we found hemosiderin impregnations due to the hemolysis and to the residue of blood of the placental marginal hematomes. The submitted female dogs to this technique demonstrated normal puppy births without death.
Ultrasonographic and radiographic determination of egg development of jurarás (Kinosternon scorpioides) in captivity
Authors: Costa Francisco B. , Alves Flavio R. , Costa Andréia P. , Barros Ana C.E. , Guerra Porfírio C. , Sousa Alana L. , Oliveira Antônia S.
Published: January 2010

Kinosternon scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766), with its common name of jurará, is a quite variable species of turtles, and many different names have been applied to populations throughout its range. Currently, however, four subspecies are considered valid as K. scorpioides arises from southern Panama over most of northern South America and is found in Ecuador, northern Peru, southern Bolivia, northern Argentina, eastern Guyana and Brazil. Thus, an ultrasonographic and radiographic study was performed in order to describe the morphology and development of eggs of 20 female jurará mud turtles K. scorpioides, from September 2005 to August 2006. In the first month, the ovarian cycle was characterized by absence of vitellogenic follicles, atresic follicles or oviduct eggs. From October 2005 to March 2006 on, ultrasonographic scanning allowed to establish the growing vitellogenic follicles. Vitellogenic follicles were observed with spherical to ovoid shapes, with a surrounding echogenic yolk, a nonechogenic albumin layer, and a high echogenic shell. The oviduct eggs were identified by radiography just 180 days after beginning the experiment, when the shell became enough mineralized to impress the radiographic film. This experiment allowed to obtain by means of the 7.5 MHz linear probe images with adequate resolution and penetration for visualization of follicles. Successive ultrasonographic examinations of 20 K. scorpioides females allowed to access initial stages of vitellogenic follicles and oviduct eggs, and radiographic examination revealed to be an easy technique to assess oviduct eggs and to allow evaluation of egg development in jurarás, from 6 months on.
Evolução morfométrica dos anexos embrionários e fetais bovinos obtidos por monta natural, com 10 a 70 dias da gestação
Authors: Assis Neto Antônio C. de , Morceli José Antônio B. , Fonseca Ricardo da , Ambrósio Carlos Eduardo , Pereira Flávia T.V. , Miglino Maria Angélica
Published: January 2010

O período inicial da gestação de bovinos é caracterizado por grandes perdas embrionárias. Considerando a importância deste fator no âmbito da reprodução animal foram estudados os anexos embrionários e fetais bovinos fecundados por monta natural de 15-70 dias de gestação, com o objetivo de estabelecer parâmetros morfométricos da placenta na fase inicial da gestação. Com uso de um paquímetro foram realizadas mensurações do comprimento (crânio caudal), largura (latero lateral) e altura (dorso ventral) das membranas corioalantóide e amniótica. O início da formação dos cotilédones foi observado e quantificado, assim como, o peso placentário. O peso médio do saco gestacional aumentou com o evoluir da idade gestacional, entretanto, o crescimento foi acelerado a partir de 20-30 dias de gestação. O comprimento crânio caudal e dorso ventral da membrana corioalantóide e do âmnio apresentaram crescimento lento e gradual com o evoluir dos períodos gestacionais analisados. Com 30-40 dias de gestação, os primeiro cotilédones já eram visualizados e contatos com facilidade na superfície coriônica. Os períodos de crescimento coincidiram com os maiores índices de perdas gestacionais em bovinos. Os parâmetros aqui analisados poderão servir para futuras investigações dos anexos embrionários de organismos manipulados em laboratório.
Vascularização arterial dos lobos torácicos do timo em fetos de suínos da Linhagem C40
Authors: Lima Eduardo M.M. , Silva Frederico O.C. , Rafael L.S. Elton , Severino Renato, S. , Drummond Sérgio S. , Bombonato Pedro P. , Dianese Daniela M.
Published: January 2010

As origens e distribuições das artérias que vascularizaram os lobos torácicos do timo foram estudadas em fetos de 30 suínos da linhagem C40, sendo 12 machos e 18 fêmeas. Os exemplares tiveram o sistema arterial preenchido com solução aquosa a 50% de Neoprene Látex corado e, em seguida, foram submetidos à fixação em solução aquosa a 10% de formaldeído. Os lobos torácicos do timo foram vascularizados por ramos diretos das artérias torácica interna direita (63,33%) e esquerda (53,33%), subclávia esquerda (3,33%), vertebral esquerda (3,33%), cervical superficial direita (3,33%) e esquerda (3,33%), carótida comum esquerda (3,33%), coronária direita (3,33%) e pelos troncos braquiocefálico (33,33%) e costocervical (3,33%). Observaram-se ainda os ramos indiretos das artérias torácica interna direita (70%) e esquerda (76,67%), subclávia esquerda (23,33%), cervical superficial esquerda (3,33%) e do arco aórtico (6,67%).
Germinação de sementes de plantas daninhas de pastagens cultivadas: Mimosa pudica e Ipomoea asarifolia
Authors: Souza Filho A.P.S. , Alves S.M. , Figueiredo F.J.C. , Dutra S.
Published: January 2010

Malícia (Mimosa pudica) e salsa (Ipomoea asarifolia) são importantes plantas daninhas que infestam áreas de pastagens cultivadas da região amazônica brasileira. Neste trabalho foram analisados os efeitos de fatores relacionados ao solo e clima na variação da germinação (percentual e índice de velocidade de germinação - IVG) de sementes dessas espécies. A germinação foi monitorada em um período de 15 dias, com contagens diárias e eliminação das sementes germinadas. Os resultados mostraram que os fatores de solo alumínio, pH, cálcio e magnésio não influenciam a germinação das duas espécies de plantas daninhas. A germinação das sementes de malícia e salsa pode ocorrer tanto na presença como na ausência de luz. A temperatura ótima de germinação (percentual e IVG) para ambas as espécies foi de 30 ºC contínua e 25-35 ºC alternada, embora as sementes de malícia tenham germinado satisfatoriamente em temperaturas contínuas superiores e inferiores a 30 ºC e em todas as combinações de temperaturas alternadas. Comparativamente, o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) foi mais sensível aos efeitos da temperatura do que o percentual de germinação. Ambas as espécies responderam negativamente ao aumento da salinidade, sendo a espécie malícia mais tolerante ao sal do que a salsa.
Análise de crescimento de biótipos de amendoim-bravo (Euphorbia heterophylla) resistente e suscetível aos herbicidas inibidores da ALS
Authors: Brighenti A.M. , Gazziero D.L.P. , Voll E. , Adegas F.S. , Val W.M.C.
Published: January 2010

A aplicação contínua de herbicidas do grupo químico das imidazolinonas, nas mesmas áreas de produção de soja, durante anos seguidos, no município de Cafelândia, PR, favoreceu a seleção de um biótipo resistente de amendoim-bravo (Euphorbia heterophylla) aos herbicidas inibidores da acetolactato sintase (ALS). Um estudo comparativo das características do crescimento do biótipo resistente e do suscetível foi realizado em casa de vegetação da Embrapa Soja, Londrina-PR, a fim de identificar diferenças no crescimento e no desenvolvimento das plantas e de seus órgãos. A produção de matéria seca total, a área foliar, a matéria seca dos caule, das raízes e das folhas, bem como a altura por planta, foram avaliadas em 13 vezes a intervalos regulares, iniciando aos 14 dias após a semeadura. A partir desses parâmetros, foram calculadas a taxa de crescimento relativo, a taxa assimilatória líquida, a razão de área foliar, a razão de peso foliar e a área foliar específica, que decrescem com a ontogenia das plantas de amendoim-bravo, sendo similares para ambos os biótipos. A matéria seca total acumulada pelas plantas e seus órgãos, a área foliar e a altura apresentaram comportamentos semelhantes para os biótipos resistente e suscetível. O ciclo vegetativo dos dois biótipos estudados não mostrou diferença significativa quanto ao crescimento e ao desenvolvimento.
Efeito do armazenamento e do progenitor masculino sobre a qualidade e micromorfologia de sementes de maracujá
Authors: Araújo Erneida Coelho de , Silva Roberto Ferreira da , Barroso Deborah Guerra , Carvalho Almy Junior Cordeiro de
Published: January 2010

A propagação do maracujazeiro é feita por sementes e há evidências de que a planta doadora de pólen pode efetivamente contribuir para a obtenção de frutos e sementes de melhor qualidade. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar a qualidade das sementes, após de doze meses de armazenamento, considerando a influência do doador de pólen (progenitor masculino) na qualidade das sementes, assim como descrever a ontogênese da micromorfologia das sementes provenientes de frutos em diferentes estádios de maturação. Os frutos foram obtidos a partir de polinização manual controlada e polinização manual colhendo-se frutos em quatro estádios de maturação: 55, 58, 61 e 64 dias após a antese (DAA). As sementes obtidas destes frutos foram armazenadas em ambiente de laboratório e em ambiente refrigerado por 12 meses e, após este período, submetidas a testes de germinação e vigor. Verificou-se que o controle do progenitor masculino não influenciou a qualidade das sementes e que o armazenamento das sementes por um ano em ambiente refrigerado promoveu aumento na germinação e vigor das sementes de maracujá, obtendo-se melhor qualidade quando os frutos foram colhidos aos 61 e 64 DAA. Houve decréscimo na germinação das sementes armazenadas em ambiente de laboratório quando comparadas às sementes armazenadas em ambiente refrigerado. A ontogênese na superfície da semente é variável nos diferentes estádios de maturação.
Litorais da psicanálise
Authors: Costa Ana
Published: January 2010

Este trabalho se propõe a abordar algumas fronteiras estabelecidas pelo discurso analítico, principalmente com o campo da literatura. Sua principal referência se sustenta no tema dos "litorais", seguindo a proposição lacaniana criada pelo neologismo "lituraterra". Essa proposição, além de permitir construir interfaces da psicanálise com outros campos, também é o suporte para a produção dentro da própria psicanálise. Sua especificidade é a de constituir seu sujeito passando pela proposta de uma "extimidade", numa torsão na concepção corriqueira do dentro e fora. O tema que permitirá situar a construção dessas bordas situa-se na questão da escrita.
A letra e a imagem: Gary Hill, videoarte e psicanálise
Authors: Rivera Tania
Published: January 2010

O artigo examina as relações entre imagem e linguagem, privilegiando o conceito de letra em Jacques Lacan. São tecidas considerações sobre esta articulação no sonho e na videoarte, examinando-se particularmente dois trabalhos do artista americano Gary Hill: Around and About (1980) e Ura Aru (1985-86). Defende-se a existência de dois pólos de incidência da letra: aquele de um encontro com a imagem e aquele de uma forte tensão em relação à imagem. Este último pode levar a uma quebra do funcionamento especular em prol de uma espécie de reviramento do imaginário, deixando entrever o que chamamos de "avesso do imaginário". Nesta virada, surge o sujeito em sua condição utópica, pois sem lugar e remetido a um devir imprevisível.
A disciplina de leitura: ritmo e oralidade na voz do texto
Authors: Castro Juliana de Miranda e , Lo Bianco Anna Carolina
Published: January 2010

Considerando que a prática psicanalítica envolve um cuidadoso trabalho de leitura, o presente artigo aborda a escuta da fala como inseparável da leitura de um texto. Usando os conceitos de Meschonnic, destaca nessa operação um elemento fundamental: a oralidade, considerada a voz do texto. Esta mantém a vivacidade do texto e seu caráter de enunciação, remetendo-o ao inconsciente. Vale-se também da noção de ritmo, que escande ao mesmo tempo em que revela a voz. Ressalta que aí estão dadas as coordenadas para se ritmar a cura, nos termos de Czermak, implicando uma disciplina de leitura a partir da qual são oferecidas as condições para que na posição ética de assujeitado à voz de seu próprio texto, o sujeito venha a tomar o lugar que terá feito seu.