bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How are nature based solutions contributing to priority societal challenges surrounding human well-being in the United Kingdom: a systematic map protocol
Authors: Dick Jan , Miller James D. , Carruthers-Jones Jonathan , Dobel Anne J. , Carver Steve , Garbutt Angus , Hester Alison , Hails Rosie , Magreehan Victoria , Quinn Melina
Published: November 2019

Background

The concept of Nature-based Solutions (NBS) has evolved as an umbrella concept embracing concepts such as Green/Blue/Nature Infrastructure, Ecosystem Approach, Ecosystem Services, but at their core, they cluster into the general theme of learning from and using nature to create sustainable socio-ecological systems, which enhance human well-being (HWB). NBS address societal challenges across a broad range of spatial scales—local, regional and global—and temporal scales—medium to long-term. While there are many reviews and a clear evidence base linking certain NBS to various elements of HWB, particularly urban greenspace and human health, no comprehensive mapping exists of the links between NBS interventions and the associated multiple positive and negative HWB outcomes across a range of habitats. The initial research phase used a participatory co-design process to select four priority societal challenges facing the United Kingdom: three related to management issues i.e. NBS cost-efficacy, governance in planning, environmental justice, and the fourth threats to the acoustic environment. These challenges collectively address priority management issues which stakeholders requested be investigated widely i.e. across landscapes, cityscapes, seascapes and soundscapes. Results of the study are intended to identify and define potential future environmental evidence challenges for UK science.

Methods

This protocol describes the methodology for approaching the research question: What evidence is there for nature based solutions and their impacts on human wellbeing for societal challenges related to cost-efficacy, governance in planning, environmental justice, and the acoustic environment? Using systematic mapping, this study will search for and identify studies that seek to assess nature-based solutions on human well-being with regard to these four societal challenges. Systematic searches across a number of academic/online databases are tested against a number of test articles. Search results are refined using eligibility criteria through a three stage process: title, abstract, full text. Data from screened studies are extracted using a predefined coding strategy. Key trends in data will be synthesized according to a range of secondary questions and be presented in a graphical matrix illustrating the knowledge gaps and clusters for research into nature-based solutions and human well-being for each societal challenge.
Compositional homogeneity in the pathobiome of a new, slow-spreading coral disease
Authors: Sweet Michael , Burian Alfred , Fifer James , Bulling Mark , Elliott David , Raymundo Laurie
Published: November 2019

Background

Coral reefs face unprecedented declines in diversity and cover, a development largely attributed to climate change-induced bleaching and subsequent disease outbreaks. Coral-associated microbiomes may strongly influence the fitness of their hosts and alter heat tolerance and disease susceptibility of coral colonies. Here, we describe a new coral disease found in Micronesia and present a detailed assessment of infection-driven changes in the coral microbiome.

Results

Combining field monitoring and histological, microscopic and next-generation barcoding assessments, we demonstrate that the outbreak of the disease, named ‘grey-patch disease’, is associated with the establishment of cyanobacterial biofilm overgrowing coral tissue. The disease is characterised by slow progression rates, with coral tissue sometimes growing back over the GPD biofilm. Network analysis of the corals’ microbiome highlighted the clustering of specific microbes which appeared to benefit from the onset of disease, resulting in the formation of ‘infection clusters’ in the microbiomes of apparently healthy corals.

Conclusions

Our results appear to be in contrast to the recently proposed Anna-Karenina principle, which states that disturbances (such as disease) trigger chaotic dynamics in microbial communities and increase β-diversity. Here, we show significantly higher community similarity (compositional homogeneity) in the pathobiome of diseased corals, compared to the microbiome associated with apparently healthy tissue. A possible explanation for this pattern is strong competition between the pathogenic community and those associated with the ‘healthy’ coral holobiont, homogenising the composition of the pathobiome. Further, one of our key findings is that multiple agents appear to be involved in degrading the corals’ defences causing the onset of this disease. This supports recent findings indicating a need for a shift from the one-pathogen-one-disease paradigm to exploring the importance of multiple pathogenic players in any given disease.
Uncovering the illegible: multi-analytical approach to reveal paint stratigraphy of corroded signposts from the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
Authors: Pöllnitz Gunn , Schreiner Manfred , Vetter Wilfried , Pichler Bernhard , Jastrzębiowski Andrzej
Published: November 2019

Object discoveries from the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (PMA-B) in Poland challenge the efforts to preserve paint on corroded steel supports. The objects have been exposed to outdoor weathering conditions and then buried for about 65 years. This caused severe damage, such as corrosion and paint delamination. The fragile condition of such cultural heritage objects makes their preservation difficult and comprehensive studies for paint conservation are lacking. Additionally, a thorough investigation of used materials is needed to put objects produced by forced labour in historical context. In this study, we analysed signposts from the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (Poland) collection to gain information about used materials, the object’s genesis as well as damage phenomenology. Literature research suggests that the signposts may be produced within the former German NAZI concentration and extermination camp. Inorganic constituents were identified using elemental analysis, such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy coupled to an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM–EDS). Organic matter was analysed utilizing vibrational spectroscopic instrumentation Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Our results include the use of synthetic organic pigments (SOPs) and binders, which were newly emerged paint materials at that time. The study highlights the need for conservators to have detailed understanding of composite materials and demonstrates the need for further investigation concerning painted steel objects.
Improved computer-aided detection of pulmonary nodules via deep learning in the sinogram domain
Authors: Gao Yongfeng , Tan Jiaxing , Liang Zhengrong , Li Lihong , Huo Yumei
Published: November 2019

Computer aided detection (CADe) of pulmonary nodules plays an important role in assisting radiologists’ diagnosis and alleviating interpretation burden for lung cancer. Current CADe systems, aiming at simulating radiologists’ examination procedure, are built upon computer tomography (CT) images with feature extraction for detection and diagnosis. Human visual perception in CT image is reconstructed from sinogram, which is the original raw data acquired from CT scanner. In this work, different from the conventional image based CADe system, we propose a novel sinogram based CADe system in which the full projection information is used to explore additional effective features of nodules in the sinogram domain. Facing the challenges of limited research in this concept and unknown effective features in the sinogram domain, we design a new CADe system that utilizes the self-learning power of the convolutional neural network to learn and extract effective features from sinogram. The proposed system was validated on 208 patient cases from the publicly available online Lung Image Database Consortium database, with each case having at least one juxtapleural nodule annotation. Experimental results demonstrated that our proposed method obtained a value of 0.91 of the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic based on sinogram alone, comparing to 0.89 based on CT image alone. Moreover, a combination of sinogram and CT image could further improve the value of AUC to 0.92. This study indicates that pulmonary nodule detection in the sinogram domain is feasible with deep learning.
First steps in reconstructing Early Jurassic sea water temperatures in the Andean Basin of northern Chile based on stable isotope analyses of oyster and brachiopod shells
Authors: Alberti Matthias , Fürsich Franz T. , Andersen Nils
Published: November 2019

The stable isotope (δ13C, δ18O) composition of a collection of Lower Jurassic brachiopods and oysters from the Andean Basin of northern Chile was analyzed. The results allow the first reconstruction of absolute water temperatures for several ammonite zones in the Lower Jurassic of South America. The temperature record starts with comparatively high values in the Late Sinemurian (average: 27.0 °C; Raricostatum Zone). Just before the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian transition, temperatures dropped to an average of 24.3 °C. The lowest temperature value in the dataset was recorded for a brachiopod shell of the latest Pliensbachian Spinatum Zone (19.6 °C). No data are available for the Early Toarcian, but results for the late Toarcian show again comparatively warm conditions (average: 24.4 °C; Thouarsense–Levesquei zones). Even though more material and analyses are necessary to corroborate the recorded temperatures, the present dataset seems to indicate the global nature of the Late Pliensbachian Cooling Event. In contrast, the global warming during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event has not been recorded due to a lack of Early Toarcian material. The δ13C record of brachiopods and oysters documents a gradual increase in values representing background conditions. Oyster shells were used for high-resolution stable isotope analyses and show seasonal temperature fluctuations over a period of around 3 years in the life time of the bivalves. If explained only by temperatures, the δ18O values point to a minimum estimate for the seasonality in the late Toarcian of slightly more than 3 °C.
Thyroid Hormone Transporters
Authors: Groeneweg Stefan , van Geest Ferdy S , Peeters Robin P , Heuer Heike , Visser W Edward
Published: November 2019

Thyroid hormone transporters at the plasma membrane govern intracellular bioavailability of thyroid hormone. Monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 8 and MCT10, organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1C1, and SLC17A4 are currently known as transporters displaying the highest specificity toward thyroid hormones. Structure-function studies using homology modeling and mutational screens have led to better understanding of the molecular basis of thyroid hormone transport. Mutations in MCT8 and in OATP1C1 have been associated with clinical disorders. Different animal models have provided insight into the functional role of thyroid hormone transporters, in particular MCT8. Different treatment strategies for MCT8 deficiency have been explored, of which thyroid hormone analogue therapy is currently applied in patients. Future studies may reveal the identity of as-yet-undiscovered thyroid hormone transporters. Complementary studies employing animal and human models will provide further insight into the role of transporters in health and disease.
Death in the Arena
Authors: Frydman Jason
Published: November 2019

This essay decodes how Marlon James’s A Brief History of Seven Killings uses the history of Jamaican music, culminating in the conflict between roots reggae and dancehall, to chart the Cold War’s temporality, futurity, and ideological conflicts over time, temporality, and futurity. A Brief History of Seven Killings points readers to a jaded, subaltern temporality encoded in a dancehall music that rejects the revolutionary utopianism woven into postindependence Jamaican music. The novel stages this temporal conflict at the center of Jamaican popular music through the status of revolutionary Cuba and the riddim-based technique of dancehall song composition, both of which converge in the itinerary of the “Death in the Arena” riddim. The novel thus invites readers to process the Cold War’s conflict over time and space through the lens of Jamaican music, attuned both to how geopolitics inflected that music and to how that music inflected geopolitics. Reading the evolution of Jamaican music since independence, this essay reveals how the form of James’s novel replicates the spectral and shattered assemblages of dancehall music in order to borrow some of its fugitive, subaltern autonomy.
Puerto Rican Colonialism, Caribbean Radicalism, and Pueblos Hispanos’s Inter-Nationalist Alliance
Authors: Jiménez Cristina Pérez
Published: November 2019

Drawing from Earl Browder’s papers, this essay examines the Communist-sponsored, New York Spanish-language newspaper Pueblos Hispanos (1943–44), arguing that the publication staged an uneasy alliance between the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party and the US Communist Party by positioning Puerto Rican independence as central to a wider decolonial Caribbean and postwar world order. By analyzing Pueblos Hispanos’s practice of “inter-nationalism”—a term the author proposes to denote the flexible strategy used to mediate between competing political interests and which can serve as a model for understanding the compromised collaborations between Communist and nationalist leaders in the Caribbean—this essay expands our understanding of Communist influence in Caribbean liberation movements and begins to reinsert the contributions of early-and mid-twentieth-century Puerto Ricans, and more widely, Spanish caribeños, within a Marxist-inflected Caribbean radical tradition.
Empire in the Mine of History
Authors: Taylor Christopher
Published: November 2019

This essay serves as a response to the review essays by Adom Getachew and Petal Samuel on the author’s 2018 Empire of Neglect: The West Indies in the Wake of British Liberalism. Exploring how the history of liberal capitalism that Empire of Neglect tells might afford critical and political purchase on the epoch of postcolonial neoliberalism, this essay reflects on modes of archival attunement and Caribbean philosophies of history.
Patient predictors of poor drug sensitive tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine
Authors: Aibana Omowunmi , Slavuckij Andrej , Bachmaha Mariya , Krasiuk Viatcheslav , Rybak Natasha , Flanigan Timothy P. , Petrenko Vasyl , Murray Megan B.
Published: November 2019

Background: Ukraine has high rates of poor treatment outcomes among drug sensitive tuberculosis (DSTB) patients, while global treatment success rates for DSTB remain high.    

We evaluated baseline patient factors as predictors of poor DSTB treatment outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of new drug sensitive pulmonary TB patients treated in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine between November 2012 and October 2014. We defined good treatment outcomes as cure or completion and poor outcomes as death, default (lost to follow up) or treatment failure. We performed logistic regression analyses, using routine program data, to identify baseline patient factors associated with poor outcomes.

Results: Among 302 patients, 193 (63.9%) experienced good treatment outcomes while 39 (12.9%) failed treatment, 34 (11.3%) died, and 30 (9.9%) were lost to follow up. In the multivariate analysis, HIV positive patients on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) [OR 3.50; 95% CI 1.46 – 8.42; p 0.005] or without ART (OR 4.12; 95% CI 1.36 – 12.43; p 0.01) were at increased risk of poor outcomes. Smear positivity (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.03 - 2.97; p 0.04) was also associated with poor treatment outcomes.

Conclusions: High rates of poor outcomes among patients with newly diagnosed drug sensitive TB in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine highlight the urgent need for programmatic interventions, especially aimed at patients with the highest risk of poor outcomes.
Exploring the experience of returning to work after personal bereavement
Authors: Reed Elizabeth , Waghorn Melanie , Gregory Amanda , Vriens Jo , Sills Emily , Todd Jennifer
Published: November 2019

Background:

The ability of nurses with experience of personal bereavement to work with patients can have immediate and/or long-term repercussions on their personal and professional life.

Aims:

To explore the experience of a personal bereavement, through the death of a significant relative or friend, for nurses working in palliative care.

Methods:

A multicentre qualitative study interviewed nurses working in palliative care who experienced a significant bereavement within the last 24 months.

Findings:

Key themes: circumstances surrounding bereavement; conflict between the personal and professional; returning to work; grief as a continuum. Advice to bereaved nurses was for them to be open and honest and that work can be grounding; that they should take time off; that grief does not stop on returning to work; and that they should do what feels right for them.

Conclusions:

Bereaved palliative care nurses strive to maintain their roles in the face of bereavement. Hospices have a significant part to play in offering ongoing support and flexibility.
Managing health changes for people with a learning disability in a residential care home setting
Authors: Scott Sharon , Denton Lilette , Conway Frances , Kinley Julie
Published: November 2019

Background:

People with learning disability (LD) have complex comorbidities that develop at an earlier age than the general population and with which they are now living longer. Identification, assessment and management of these conditions is important but challenging.

Aim:

To develop resources with care staff to enable them to recognise and manage changes and decline in the health of a person with a LD.

Methods:

Two resources (PIP-LD and CIRC) were developed through undertaking a literature review; networking with experts; and collaborating with staff in the care homes for people with a LD. Care staff then used these resourcesto review their residents.

Findings:

The PIP-LD and CIRC were used in 39 care homes. The PIP-LD empowered staff to meet people's immediate health needs, and the CIRC helped them to recognise changes or a decline.

Conclusions:

The combined use of the PIP-LD and the CIRC enabled care staff to recognise the signs and symptoms of each person's comorbidities early, and to identify and manage changes when their health declined.
Long-term nurse–parent relationships in paediatric palliative care: a narrative literature review
Authors: Brimble Mandy J , Anstey Sally , Davies Jane
Published: November 2019

Background:

Paediatric palliative care (PPC) is an active, total approach to the holistic care of the child and family. Close, long-lasting relationships between healthcare professionals and parents in paediatric palliative care enhance quality, provide emotional support and can influence how parents manage their role in the face of uncertainty.

Aim:

To present a narrative literature review of long-term relationships between children's nurses and parents in PPC settings.

Methods:

Six databases (CINAHL, PsycINFO, ASSIA, Scopus, Medline and BNI) were searched, identifying 35 articles. A grey literature search produced seven additional relevant items.

Findings:

Four themes were identified: bonds; attachments and trust; sharing the journey; going the extra mile; and boundaries and integrity. All themes revealed an element of tension between closeness and professionalism.

Conclusion:

Gaining a greater understanding of how closeness and professionalism are successfully managed by children's palliative care nurses could positively influence pre- and post-registration nurse education.
CQC's State of Care Report 2018–19
Authors: Frankova Helena
Published: November 2019

Hard on the heels of the Care Quality Commission's annual report and accounts comes their round up of themes from this year's inspections. What were the key themes emerging?
People performance management: A toolkit
Authors: Hancock Dave
Published: November 2019

NHS Employers has developed a free toolkit for managers to develop the skills needed for key management situations, but how useful is it in practice? Dave Hancock finds out
An appraisal of the mother tongue for early child education in Nigeria
Authors: Adepoju Babatunji Hezekiah
Published: November 2019

This article provides an overview of the use of the mother tongue (MT) in child education in the Nigerian context. We explicate previous government efforts at focusing on the native language as a means of improving learning in the early years, particularly in training the Nigerian child. We also address the obstacles to government's attempts at de-emphasising the place of English in the Nigerian polity. Without doubt, the English language is regarded by the citizenry as the language of now and the future. The belief is that school-age children and their parents are more comfortable with English than any other language. The policy of the adoption of an indigenous language as the instruction medium in the lower primary school is at variance with parents' desire to make their children speak English as the first language (L1). Our recommendation is that uniformity of policy implementation will reduce conflicts as the schools of the rich/elites and non-fee-paying government schools are made to employ the same medium to instruct the pupils. The above claims are supported by preliminary findings from observations, data from the administered questionnaire and interviews conducted to determine people's attitude towards the use of English and/or indigenous languages in the education of the child. Following Krashen's theory of Second Language Acquisition (SLA), which highlights the significance of exposure to and interaction in the target language, we conclude that, if English language remains the medium of instruction in the classroom, Nigeria and other African nations with similar linguistic complexities will be saved from further confusion and inconsistencies in educational policies, even as the MT will still function in other aspects of national life.
O funcionamento familiar na saúde emocional e psicológica de crianças e adolescentes / Family functioning in the emotional and psychological health of children and adolescents
Authors: Milanez Cássia Medeiros , Córdova Zolnei Vargas Ernesta de , Castro Amanda , Fraga Cintia Costa
Published: November 2019

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar como o funcionamento familiar interfere no desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes. Para tanto, a aplicabilidade desta pesquisa ocorreu por meio da Entrevista Familiar Estruturada, sendo este um método clínico capaz de avaliar as relações familiares, buscou-se realizar um diagnóstico interacional da família, discriminando assim uma interação familiar considerada facilitadora do desenvolvimento emocional e mental sadio de seus membros, como também da interação familiar considerada dificultadora de tal crescimento. A pesquisa em sua estrutura é qualitativa, tendo em vista que os procedimentos de coleta de dados se classificam na modalidade de estudo de caso. Os membros participantes do estudo foram a figura materna e paterna e a avó paterna com a presença de uma criança cujo gênero é masculino com idade de oito anos, que vem sendo acompanhada em uma instituição do poder público. A entrevista foi gravada, e posteriormente, transcrita para análise de dados tendo em vista o conteúdo a luz da teoria sistêmica.
Condições de Saúde dos fumantes usuários de Polos Comunitários de Atividade Física / Health Conditions of smokers who use Community Poles of Physical Activity
Authors: Lima Daniel Gomes de , Fernandes Maria Neyze Martins , Oliveira Jessica Lima de , Faustino Rauana Dos Santos , Rodrigues Gezabell , Palácio Maria Augusta Vasconcelos , Pinto Antonio Germane Alves
Published: November 2019

INTRODUÇÃO: O uso do tabaco é um fator de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. A prevalência de agravos relacionados ao tabagismo é alta para doenças cardiovasculares, respiratórias e câncer, sendo a prevenção necessária para reduzir condições graves da doença e limitação da qualidade de vida. OBJETIVO: Descrever as condições de saúde de usuários fumantes usuários de polos para atividade física. MÉTODOS: Estudo quantitativo, com delineamento transversal, realizado na macrorregião de saúde Cariri, Estado do Ceará. Os participantes foram 433 usuários dos espaços de lazer e polos comunitários de atividade física. Utilizaram-se os instrumentos padronizados para mensuração do nível de atividade física e adaptação de questionário para levantamento de dados sobre condições de saúde. RESULTADOS: Os usuários autorreferidos fumantes apresentaram uma média de idade de 49,33 anos, irregularmente ativos, prevalentemente do gênero feminino. CONCLUSÃO: A população fumante entre os praticantes de atividade física apresenta condições de saúde que indicam risco para agravos e adoecimentos.
Dos Direitos Sociais à Reserva Orçamentária: Problematizações acerca do papel do Judiciário na efetivação dos Direitos Fundamentais / Social Rights to the Budget Reserve: Problematization about the role of the Judiciary in the realization of Fundamental Rights
Authors: Almeida Áquila Silva de
Published: November 2019

O presente artigo objetiva discutir o problema da reduzida efetividade dos Direitos Sociais frente ao princípio econômico da escassez. O argumento estatal de inexistência de recursos financeiros, muitas vezes endossado pelos Tribunais através da aplicação da Reserva do Possível em demandas postas à apreciação do Estado-Juiz, tem apenas servido de justificativa para a negação de direitos. Ao investigar a natureza das restrições financeiras, conclui-se, em verdade, que a escassez é resultado de escolhas políticas equivocadas promovidas pelo Estado na alocação de recursos, em grande medida desalinhadas da realidade social e mero reflexo dos interesses de grupos hegemônicos que estão no poder. O artigo contempla uma proposta de revisão de literatura com foco na análise de conteúdo, onde se é feita uma ampla revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa jurisprudencial do Supremo Tribunal Federal.
Percepção das gestantes acerca do aleitamento materno exclusivo em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família na cidade de Icó - Ceará / Perception of pregnant women about exclusive breastfeeding in a Family Health Strategy in the city of Icó – Ceará
Authors: De Sousa Francisco Milena Brasil , Brasil Matheus De Sousa , Brasil Michele De Souza , Braz Victoria Stephanie Brasil
Published: November 2019

Este trabalho visa analisar os conhecimentos que as gestantes têm sobre o aleitamento materno exclusivo. Amamentar é uma pratica importante, que contribuir para a saúde do bebê durante os seis primeiros meses de vida, onde contém todos os nutrientes que são necessários para a nutrição da criança, além de atuar também, protegendo de algumas doenças que podem aparecer no decorrer de sua vida.  Embora, os leites maternos atuem em benefícios tanto para mãe quando para o bebê, ainda existem, muitas mães que não realizam ou não seguem as normas do ministério da saúde, ocasionando negativamente vários impactos à saúde do bebê, incluindo a mortalidade infantil. O desmame precoce é também o problema constante é que afeta a maioria das crianças hoje no mundo inteiro, os fatores que incluem a dificuldade das mães amamentarem consiste: falta de apoio familiar, mistos e mercado de trabalho. A assistência das gestantes durante o pré-natal consiste uma pratica importante para sanar todas as dificuldades, referente a processo de amamentar, pois proporciona orientações importantes, que a mesma irá vivenciar durante todo o período gestacional, sensibilizando-as para que amamentarem seus filhos até seis meses de vida é importante.
Taxa de sucesso de restaurações com resina composta bulk-fill: Revisão de literatura / Success rate of bulk-fill composite restorations: Literature review
Authors: Soares Atyla Freitas , Pinto Ana Clara De Sá
Published: November 2019

Desde a introdução das resinas compostas na Odontologia, foram evidenciadas muitas melhorias em suas propriedades. No entanto, estes materiais apresentam limitações, como a contração de polimerização, que pode resultar em fissuras de esmalte, defeito marginal, formação de fenda e microinfiltração. Para superar estas deficiências, algumas estratégias práticas incluem o uso de técnicas de inserção incremental das resinas. Porém, a mesma é demorada quando utilizada para preencher cavidades grandes e volumosas em dentes posteriores, o que tornou desejável o desenvolvimento de uma alternativa a este procedimento, e assim surgiram as resinas compostas do tipo bulk-fill, que podem ser inseridas em incrementos de 4 a 5 mm de espessura devido à sua maior translucidez. Diante deste contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi apresentar as taxas de sucesso das resinas bulk-fill em restaurações de dentes permanentes e decíduos, comparando ainda o resultado do seu uso em relação às resinas convencionais. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada online, utilizando a ferramenta de busca Google Scholar e outras seis bases de dado eletrônicas, que são o Pubmed, Web of Sciences, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, Clinical Trials–US National Institute of Health e Lilacs, sem restrição de data da publicação. Foram utilizadas as palavras-chave: “composite resin; bulk-fill composite resin; survival rate; deciduous teeth; permanent teeth”. Desta forma, foram encontrados 273 artigos que, excluindo-se os revisão de literatura, cartas ao editor e editoriais, foram reduzidos para 22 estudos a serem revisados. A lista de artigos obtida foi analisada e os artigos foram selecionados baseados nos seus títulos e resumos, de forma que foram incluídos artigos publicados em português, inglês e espanhol. Foi possível observar que há uma grande semelhança entre as resinas bulk-fill e as resinas compostas convencionais no que diz respeito às taxas de sucesso. No entanto, sugere-se que sejam realizados estudos com metodologias e amostras similares, a fim de se confirmar os resultados obtidos no presente estudo.
Automatização do processo de Gestão Empresarial como ferramenta de maximização econômica: Lucro e Resultado / Automation of the business Management process as a economic maximization tool: Profit and Results
Authors: Fonseca Ubaldo De Jesus , Moura Altemir Da Silva
Published: November 2019

Com o avanço da tecnologia e a modernização dos processos realizados dentro de uma empresa, faz-se necessário a implantação de um ERP (Enterprise Ressourse Planning) para um maior aproveitamento gerencial dos processos internos. O presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar a importância da automatização do processo de gestão empresarial como ferramenta de crescimento econômico. Está pesquisa foi desenvolvida de forma exploratória, descritiva e delineada como estudo de caso, que objetivou gerar conhecimento de forma aplicada. Para a análise e tratamento dos dados foi utilizado o método qualitativo, como técnica de coleta de dados foi aplicada uma entrevista semiestruturada, contemplando questões pertinentes ao objeto do estudo, tendo seus resultados apresentados de forma mista, contendo textos e quadros. Foi constatado nesse estudo, uma ruptura no processo de qualificação profissional interna, bem como, na implantação do Sistema de Gestão Comercial. Verificou-se também que há apenas uma pessoa para executar todos os processos no Software, ocasionando defasagem do mesmo. Contudo, propõe-se a criação de um processo estruturado para melhor aproveitamento do ERP, tornando os profissionais preparados para desenvolver suas funções com agilidade, atendendo com eficiência e eficácia as demandas ora impostas, pelo fisco e pela sociedade, evitando erros, e potencializando os resultados econômicos.
Patologias associadas ao uso de Próteses Totais Removíveis: Revisão de literatura / Pathologies Associated with the use of Total Removable Prosthesis: Literature Review
Authors: Oliveira Iracildo Carvalho , Correia Josilane Nunes Melo , Pereira Daniela Porto Da Cunha , Cunha Miguel Arcanjo Porto da
Published: November 2019

O uso de próteses provoca alterações na qualidade e na quantidade de placa bacteriana da cavidade oral e tais mudanças podem aumentar a predisposição do paciente a desenvolver processos inflamatórios na mucosa oral.  Além disso, a prótese é suscetível ao alojamento da placa bacteriana, bem como ao acúmulo de restos de alimentos, portanto a falta de higienização ou a sua realização de forma inadequada é uma das causas de diversas patologias que podem acometer o paciente. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre os fatores relacionados ao desenvolvimento de patologias associadas ao uso de próteses totais removíveis e discutir sobre os principais estudos que relacionam essas patologias com o uso de próteses. Material e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura e para a sua realização foi utilizado como local de pesquisa o banco de dados do portal PUBMED (National Libary of Medicine - USA) e do Google acadêmico, além de publicações de livros. Como critério de inclusão foram analisados materiais que abordavam o tema, com ano de publicação compreendido entre 2009 e 2019, em língua inglesa e portuguesa, sendo excluídos os anteriores a esta data, as monografias, dissertações e teses. Conclusões: Vários estudos comprovam a relação entre o uso de prótese dentária e a ocorrência de lesões na mucosa oral, associadas, principalmente, às próteses mal ajustadas e à higienização inadequada. Assim, é de suma importância que o cirurgião-dentista execute corretamente a confecção da prótese, além de instruir seus pacientes quanto à sua higienização oral.
Uma nova alternativa de Ancoragem Esquelética Ortodôntica com Mini-Implantes: Revisão de Literatura / A new alternative of Orthodontic Skeleton Anchorage with Mini-Implants: Literature Review
Authors: Trindade Victória Luzia Lopes , Cezimbra Luciana Araújo , Lessa Anne Maria Guimaraes
Published: November 2019

Na Ortodontia para cada movimentação dental realizada outro movimento indesejado ocorre simultaneamente. Os mini-implantes surgiram com o objetivo de buscar métodos de ancoragem intrabucal, independentes da colaboração do paciente e por apresentarem tamanho reduzido, possibilitam sua instalação inclusive entre raízes dentárias, viabilizando assim seu uso em múltiplas situações clínicas. A ancoragem esquelética estuda e tenta inibir estes movimentos indesejados e auxilia no tratamento, obtendo resultados mais eficazes. O objetivo do presente foi abordar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura como a ancoragem que é fornecida por dispositivos auxiliares, tais como os mini-implantes e miniplacas, os quais são fixados em osso para aumento de suporte e facilidade de ancoragem sem envolver movimentos dentários indesejados. Métodos: Foram realizadas buscas eletrônicas nas bases de dados: BIREME, MedLine, PubMed, SciElo, Lilacs e em fontes de busca como o Google Acadêmico, no período compreendido de 2005 a 2019 e um clássico da literatura. As palavras-chave utilizadas na pesquisa foram: procedimentos de ancoragem ortodôntica, mini-implantes, ancoragem ortodôntica, técnicas de ancoragem ortodôntica.
O Impacto da Diabetes na Fertilidade / The Impact of Diabetes on Fertility
Authors: Vilela Sérgio Raimundo Júnior , Silva Roberto Gonçalves da , Santos Thalita Grazielly , Pádua Karina Maciel , Bernardes Nicole Blanco , Silva Alessandra Bonacini Cheraim
Published: November 2019

O presente trabalho aborda o impacto da diabetes na fertilidade, uma doença multifatorial que acomete muitas pessoas no mundo. O Diabetes mellitus acomete ambos os sexos e tem sido apontado como um fator influenciador da infertilidade. A infertilidade é definida como a incapacidade de um casal sexualmente ativo, de durante um ano não obter uma gravidez, um problema que pode trazer sérias consequências psicológicas e de convívio social na vida da pessoa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, transversal e quantitativa, com 11 pacientes de ambos os sexos, atendidos no  PSF/ESF Penha II. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário sobre a diabetes e a influência na vida sexual dos sujeitos e, consequentemente a sua fertilidade. Os resultados levaram a crer que a diabetes mellitus parece associada à infertilidade tanto em homens quanto em mulheres. Também que, a neuropatia diabética, a insuficiência vascular e síndrome do ovário policístico e problemas psicológicos podem estar envolvidos nos problemas de infertilidade. Os homens da amostra apresentaram disfunção erétil provocada pela diabetes e tiveram dificuldades em engravidar suas parceiras, além da falta do desejo da prática sexual. Mulheres também apresentaram dificuldades em engravidar e falta do desejo sexual. Concluiu-se que orientações sobre possível tratamento a fim de amenizar o problema e o controle da glicemia, assim como mudanças na dieta,  exercícios físicos regulares, abandono do tabagismo e o estímulo a perda de peso poderiam ajudar neste contexto.
A Psicopedagogia e a inclusão de alunos com deficiência no Ensino Superior / Psychopedagogy and the inclusion of students with disabilities in higher education
Authors: Sousa Léa Barbosa de , Sá Ingrid Soraya De Oliveira
Published: November 2019

Este ensaio, baseado em obras de diversos autores e em documentos do Ministério da Educação (MEC), se propõe a discutir a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência no Ensino Superior, a Psicopedagogia e a aprendizagem humana. Percebe-se, na última década, que a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência no Ensino Superior no Brasil teve um aumento significativo. A educação é o caminho para uma pessoa evoluir e, promover acessibilidade e respeitar a diversidade humana é dar oportunidades a todos. A Psicopedagogia em nosso tempo vem proporcionando novas possibilidades para que a universidade abra as portas para a inclusão. Historicamente, sabe-se que a Psicopedagogia surgiu na França com várias tentativas de solucionar as dificuldades de aprendizagem e do comportamento. Hoje em dia, com um trabalho desenvolvido nas instituições de ensino, empresas e hospitais, a Psicopedagogia vem alicerçando sua prática na prevenção e assessoramento a professores na comunidade escolar e universitária. A primeira parte deste artigo se dedica à psicopedagogia e à aprendizagem. Em seguida detém-se sobre as Leis e a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência no Ensino Superior. Por fim, descreve-se sobre o programa de inclusão no Ensino Superior no Brasil, onde a universidade é um espaço de construção do conhecimento não só para o estudante, mas para todos nela envolvidos. Na universidade, o acompanhamento psicopedagógico tem como foco a prevenção das dificuldades de aprendizagem. Incluir o estudante com deficiência no Ensino Superior é acreditar no potencial que ele tem para aprender. Incluir é educar.
Internet Access Equity Policy Is the Internet Access Equity Policy Through USO Funds effective?
Authors: Nugroho Rossi Adi , Nafi'ah Binti Azizatun
Published: November 2019

Indonesia has a disparity in internet access caused by differences in regional factors, especially in geographically difficult areas to reach. The disparity in internet access is narrowed by the existence of programs through USO funds. However, the researchers found that the equalization program for internet access using USO funds had not been effective, especially in the education sector. This paper aims to provide an evaluation of USO-funded programs. This paper uses qualitative descriptive methods with review literature data collection techniques accompanied by qualitative critical analysis techniques. The important finding of this study is that the internet access equalization program has not been effective as evidenced by the ineffectiveness of this program in the education sector. Researchers suggest optimizing the internet access equalization program through USO funds to improve the quality of education.
Spanish L1 EFL learners’ recognition knowledge of English academic vocabulary: The role of cognateness, word frequency and length
Authors: Urdaniz Raquel Perez , Skoufaki Sophia
Published: November 2019

Academic vocabulary knowledge predicts students’ academic achievement across educational levels. English academic vocabulary knowledge is especially valuable because English is used in academia worldwide. Therefore, examining the factors that can predict English academic vocabulary knowledge can inform pedagogy, thus indirectly boosting students’ chances of academic success around the world. This study examines the extent to which cognateness, word frequency and length predict the ability of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners who have Spanish as their first language (L1) to recognise written English academic words. 38 Spanish L1 university students’ recognition knowledge of English cognates was measured via a Yes/No test containing words sampled from the most frequent 1,000 lemmas of the Academic Vocabulary List (Gardner and Davies 2014). 34 participants’ data were retained in the final analysis, a multiple regression with item facility (IF) as the outcome variable and word frequency, cognateness and word length as predictors. Most of the IF variance is explained by word frequency, followed by cognateness and finally a frequency by cognateness interaction whereby word frequency is more predictive of IF for non-cognates than cognates. These findings indicate that academic cognate-word awareness raising activities can be worthwhile. Implications for research and pedagogy are discussed.
Notes on quasi-Frobenius rings
Authors: Zhu Zhanmin
Published: November 2019

We give some new characterizations of quasi-Frobenius rings. Namely, we prove that for a ring R, the following statements are equivalent:
(1) R is a quasi-Frobenius ring,
(2)

M
2

⁢

(
R
)

{M_{2}(R)}

is right Johns and every closed left ideal of R is cyclic,
(3) R is a left 2-simple injective left Kasch ring with ACC on left annihilators,
(4) R is a left 2-injective semilocal ring such that

R
/

S
l

{R/S_{l}}

is left Goldie,
(5) R is a right YJ-injective right minannihilator ring with ACC on right annihilators.
Bayesian Autoregressive Frailty Models for Inference in Recurrent Events
Authors: Tallarita Marta , De Iorio Maria , Guglielmi Alessandra , Malone-Lee James
Published: November 2019

We propose autoregressive Bayesian semi-parametric models for gap times between recurrent events. The aim is two-fold: inference on the effect of possibly time-varying covariates on the gap times and clustering of individuals based on the time trajectory of the recurrent event. Time-dependency between gap times is taken into account through the specification of an autoregressive component for the frailty parameters influencing the response at different times. The order of the autoregression may be assumed unknown and is an object of inference. We consider two alternative approaches to perform model selection under this scenario. Covariates may be easily included in the regression framework and censoring and missing data are easily accounted for. As the proposed methodologies lie within the class of Dirichlet process mixtures, posterior inference can be performed through efficient MCMC algorithms. We illustrate the approach through simulations and medical applications involving recurrent hospitalizations of cancer patients and successive urinary tract infections.
Cytoprotective effects of the aqueous extract of theZiziphus jujubafruit on TBHP-induced damage on human fibroblast cells
Authors: Arab Mina , Khorashadizadeh Mohsen , Abotorabi Zahra , Zarban Asghar
Published: November 2019

Background

Oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of various human diseases. However, many antioxidant compounds can neutralize the excess of free radicals, protect the cells against their toxic effects and help prevent or treat a disease. This study investigated the cytoprotective effects of the aqueous extract of theZiziphus jujubafruit on the tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced damage on human fibroblast cells.

Methods

Human fibroblast cells were pretreated with different concentrations (1, 2, 4, 8 mg/mL) ofZ. jujubafor 24 h and exposed to 75 μM TBHP for another 24 h. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. The antioxidant activity was determined using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, and the intracellular antioxidant activity was evaluated with the Cellular antioxidant activity assay.

Results

Our data showed that treatment with TBHP reduced cell viability of human fibroblast cells, while pretreatment withZ. jujubaincreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. This indicated the cytoprotective effects ofZ. jujuba. Pretreatment withZ. jujubaincreased the antioxidant capacity and scavenged the TBHP-produced peroxyl radicals in the human fibroblast cell medium. Moreover,Z. jujubaincreased the intracellular antioxidant activity of human fibroblast cells.

Conclusions

These results demonstrated that the aqueous extract of theZ. jujubafruit can prevent TBHP-induced cellular toxicity by enhancing the antioxidant activity in cells and their medium. So,Z. jujubahas a therapeutic potential to attenuate oxidative stress-induced diseases.
Policy Neglect:The True Challenge to the Nonprofit Sector
Authors: Anheier Helmut K. , Toepler Stefan
Published: November 2019

The relationship between many governments and the nonprofit sector as well as organized civil society more generally has become more complex, laden with often hidden tensions. In some cases, state–nonprofit sector relationships have deteriorated, which has led experts and activists to speak of a “shrinking space” for civil society. However, this diagnosis applies mostly to illiberal and autocratic countries. More widespread is a stagnation in state — nonprofit sector relations that seems indicative of a longstanding policy neglect, which we see as the true challenge to the future of the nonprofit sector. In response, we argue for more proactive policy stances along with a differentiated model for regulatory frameworks on the basis of functional roles.
Una nuova categoria documentaria nella Toscana marchionale: la donazione in forma di mandato
Authors: Tomei Paolo
Published: November 2019

Der Artikel untersucht und kontextualisiert zwei von den Historikern wenig beachtete Quellen. Es handelt sich um zwei undatierte und gesiegelte Schenkungsurkunden, die im Namen von zwei der bekanntesten Markgrafen im Tuszien des 10. Jahrhunderts, Adalbert II., genannt der Reiche, und Hugo II., genannt der Große, ausgestellt wurden. Einerseits weisen sie besondere grafische und textliche Merkmale auf, die in der Vergangenheit Zweifel an ihrer Authentizität haben aufkommen lassen. Andererseits befinden sie sich in kirchlichen Archiven, d. h. in den Kapitelarchiven von Lucca und Volterra, deren Zugänglichkeit im letzten Jahrhundert nicht immer gewährleistet war. Eine erneute gründliche, vergleichende Analyse der beiden Urkunden bestätigt nicht nur ihre Echtheit, sondern erlaubt auch, einen neuen Urkundentyp zu definieren und das Umfeld zu beschreiben, in dem sie entstanden sind. Ihre Form ergibt sich aus ihrer Funktion, die sie innerhalb der politisch-institutionellen Verfassungsform der damaligen Toskana, d. h. der Markgrafschaft, innehatten. Tatsächlich bieten die beiden Quellen sowohl in grafischer und textlicher als auch in inhaltlicher Hinsicht wichtige Anhaltspunkte, um die dortigen Machtstrukturen zu rekonstruieren und die Triebkräfte einer frühmittelalterlichen Hofgesellschaft herauszuarbeiten, die vom öffentlichen Verteilungskampf um Macht und Prestige unwiderstehlich angezogen wurde.