bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fukahâ Metodu Usûl Yazımının Ortaya Çıkışında Hilâfiyâtın ve Fıkıh Münazaralarının Rolü
Authors: YETKİN Hacer
Published: June 2023

Fıkıh usûlü literatüründe fukahâ ve mütekellimîn metodu olarak nitelenen iki yazım yöntemi olduğuna dair yaygın bir kabul vardır. Bu iki yöntemin ayırıcı nitelikleri hakkında bazı açıklamalar dile getirilmekle birlikte, bu ayrımın hangi ölçülere göre yapıldığı, ayrışmanın temelinde hangi saiklerin olduğu ve bu yöntemlerin özellikle hangi dönemlerde yaygınlık kazandığı gibi hususlarda derinlikli bir izah mevcut değildir. Bu çalışma, söz konusu hususları biraz daha aydınlatmayı hedeflemekte ve özellikle fukahâ metodunun ortaya çıkışı üzerinde hilâf tartışmalarının ve münazaraların etkisi üzerinde durmaktadır.

İslamî ilimlerin ilk dönemlerindeki hararetli ilmî tartışmalarının önemli bir bölümünü dini bilginin kaynak ve yöntemlerine dair meseleler oluşturuyordu. Kelâm meseleleri ile ilgilenen alimler tarafından, kelâm meseleleriyle iç içe işlenen bu yöntem tartışmaları, sonrasında müstakil bir disiplin haline gelecek olan usûl meseleleriydi. Aynı dönemde Hanefîler de kendilerinin geliştirip sistemleştirdiği fıkıh çalışmalarını kayıt altına alarak, fıkıh ilminin ilk müktesebâtını tedvin ediyorlardı. Hanefîler kelâmcılar tarafından sürdürülen bu yöntem tartışmalarına, fıkıh mesâilinin temellendirilmesi bağlamında dahil oldular. İlk dönem ilimlerinin gelişmesinde etkili olan bu tartışma geleneği, cedel tekniğinin öğrenilmesi ile yeni bir boyut kazandı. Önce kelâmcılar ve sonra fakihler bu yöntemi tartışmalarında ve eserlerinde kullanmaya başladılar. Hicrî dördüncü ve beşinci asırda fıkıh ilminin revaç bulması ile birlikte fıkıh münazaraları entelektüel alanda çok daha yaygın ve önemli hale geldi.

Aynı doğrultuda ihtilaflı fıkıh meselelerinin delillendirilerek tartışıldığı hilâf literatürü de gelişme gösterdi. Söz konusu gelişmeler, hilâf mesâilinin delillendirilmesinde ve fıkıh münazaralarında işe yarayacak usûl eserlerinin ortaya çıkmasında etkili oldu. İşte fukahâ metodunun ilk ve en tipik eseri sayılan Debûsî’nin Takvîm’i, fürû fıkıh konusu sayılabilecek pek çok başlığa yer veren, tartışmaları bolca fıkıh örneği üzerinden işleyen, kıyas ve illet başlıklarında cedel bahislerini genişçe ele alan ve kelâm tartışmalarına mesafeli duran tarzıyla, dönemin münazara geleneğinin ihtiyaçlarına hitap ediyordu.

Debûsî’nin geliştirdiği bu usûl anlayışı kısa sürede dikkat çekti ve hicrî beşinci asır tamamlanmadan bu metodu benimseyen pek çok fıkıh usûlü eseri yazıldı. Özellikle Pezdevî’nin usûl eseri, sonraki Hanefî usûl literatüründe esas alınan model bir metin haline geldi. Gazâlî ve Râzî sonrasında İslamî ilimlerin felsefe ve mantık hakimiyeti altına girdiği dönemde ise fukahâ metodu popülerliğini yitirdi. İlmü’l-bahs ve’l-münazara ile cedel ilimleri mantık disiplini altında incelenmeye başlandı. Ancak bu dönemden sonra da bazı Hanefîler fukahâ metodu ile usûl eseri yazmaya ve felsefî kelâmın etkisi altındaki Hanefîler dahi yazdıkları karma nitelikli eserlerde Pezdevî’nin Usûl’ünü esas almaya devam ettiler.
Fahreddin er-Râzî’ye Göre Metafizik Bilgiye Ulaşmanın Yolu Olarak Nazar ve İstidlal
Authors: YILDIZ Mustafa
Published: June 2023

Nazar ve istidlal yöntemi ile metafizik bilgiye ulaşmanın imkânı konusundaki tartışmanın Antik Yunan filozoflarıyla başladığı ve halen de devam ettiği söylenebilir. Bu makale, Râzî’nin Nazar ve istidlal yöntemi ile metafizik bilgiye ulaşmanın imkânını nasıl ortaya koyduğunu ele almayı hedeflemektedir. O, öncelikle nazar ve istidlal yöntemi ile metafizik bilginin elde edilebileceğini ortaya koymak için varlığın duyumsanan ve düşünülen olmak üzere iki kısım olduğunu ileri sürer. Sonra varlığın maddi olan ile sınırlı olmadığını ispatlamaya çalışır. O mevcudatta duyumsanandan başka ayrıca akıl ile idrak edilebilecek şeylerin varlığına dair deliller ortaya koyduktan sonra bu varlık alanı ile irtibat kuracak araçlarımızı mukayeseli olarak ele almaya çalışır. Bu mukayesede metafizik bilgiye ulaşmanın nazarî akıl ve tezkiye edilmiş nefs olmak üzere muhtemel iki aracı ortaya çıkar. O bu mukayesede her ikisinin artı ve eksiklerini ortaya koyduktan sonra en güvenilir aracın nazarî akıl olduğunu ve yöntemin de nazar ve istidlal olduğunu savunur. Râzî nazar ve istidlal yöntemi ile metafizik bilgi elde etmenin imkânına itiraz edenlere çeşitli cevaplar vermektedir. O nazar ve istidlal yöntemine itirazda bulunan grupların dayandığı gerekçeleri ortaya koymaya çalışır. Daha sonra onların bu gerekçelerini doğruluk ve tutarlılık bakımından değerlendirmeye tabi tutar. Böylece her grubun itirazının hem konuya mutabakatını hem de grubun kendi diğer inançları ile tutarlılığını sınamış olur. Daha sonra ise nazar ve istidlal yöntemine dair kendi görüşünün dayandığı gerekçeleri ve bu yöntemin diğer inançlarıyla tutarlılığını ortaya koyar. Râzî bu yöntemi takip ederek öncelikle nazar ve istidlal yöntemine itirazda bulunanları metafizik bir varlık alanı kabul edip etmemeye göre iki kısma ayırır. Bu taksime göre metafizik varlık alanını kabul etmedikleri için yönteme itirazda bulunanlar Sofistler, Sümeniyye, Mücessime, Dehriyye ve Haşviyye’dir. Bu grup metafizik bir varlık alanı kabul etmediği halde kendi arasında bir Tanrı inancı olanlar ve olmayanlar şeklinde iki sınıfa ayrılır. Râzî’ye göre metafizik varlık alanını kabul etmekle birlikte nazar ve istidlale itirazda bulunan grup ise Ta'lîmiyye’dir. Onlar metafizik bilgiye nazar ve istidlal yöntemi ile değil ancak masum bir öğreticinin öğretimi ile ulaşabileceklerini iddia eder. Râzî’nin nazar ve istidlal yöntemine itirazda bulananlara verdiği cevaplarda bazen doğruluğu bazen tutarlılığı bazen de metafizik varlık alanını ispat etmeyi ön plana çıkarmasının sebebi bu grupların farklı yaklaşımlarıdır.
Ototoxic and Vestibulotoxic Effects of Chloroquine/ Hydroxychloroquine and Remdesivir in the Treatment of COVID-19: Update Review
Authors: Rahimi Vida , Tavanai Elham , Khalili Mohammad Ehsan , Mohammadkhani Ghassem
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Antiviral drugs have been extensively used as a potential treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on previous studies, there were concerns about some of these drugs’ ototoxic and vestibulotoxic effects. Still, these concerns were exacerbated by the widespread use of these drugs at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this article was done to comprehensively review the effects of ototoxicity and vestibulotoxicity of chloroquine (CQ)/hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and remdesivir with different administration models and compare with the COVID-19 treatment guidelines in the world and Iran.
Materials and Methods: This study collected the related published studies in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science with the main keywords “chloroquine”, “hydroxychloroquine”, “remdesivir”, “ototoxicity”, “vestibulotoxicity”, and “COVID-19”.
Results: The dose or duration of used HCQ/CQ drugs that caused ototoxic or vestibulotoxic effects in some diseases was reported mainly more than in COVID-19 guidelines, especially in Iran. These findings align with a recent study on slight HCQ-induced ototoxicity in patients with COVID-19 at low doses and short lengths of use. No evidence of possible cochlear damage after taking remdesivir is reported.
Conclusion: It seems that the concern about the ototoxic effects of some drugs used in the COVID-19 pandemic should be according to some factors that affect the pharmacological effects of drugs, such as dose, length of use, and co-administration of drugs. Therefore, lower dosage and length of use in some administration models in COVID-19 treatment, such as Iran, are associated with limited and reversible ototoxicity effects. However, further studies are needed,
Comparative Study on Gender Selection: Persian Medicine and Modern Medicine
Authors: Hosseinifakhr Qodsiye , Vahedi-Mazdabadi Yasaman , Saeedi Mina , Shams Ardekani Mohammadreza
Published: June 2023

Gender selection has emerged as a controversial issue in different countries and in this respect, a wide range of studies and international symposiums have been dedicated to this subject. A comprehensive literature review was performed without restriction on publication date. Also, the credible Persian Medicine (PM) resources such as "Exir-e-Azam" (The Great Elixir), "Qarabadin-e-Kabir" (Great Pharmacopoeia), and "al-Qānūn fīl-tibb” (The Canon of Medicine) were completely studied. It was found that both nutritional factors such as glucose and electrolytes and non-nutritional factors including female tract, sperm, age, the timing of sexual intercourse, maternal body mass, stress, pH, estrogen, temperature, and testosterone can be used as important indicators in the gender selection. Most recommendations provided by PM for gender selection were found to be in good agreement with those reported by modern medicine.
Berberine as a Natural Modifier of Gut Microbiota to Promote Metabolic Status in Animal Studies and Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review
Authors: Adel Mehraban Mohammad Sadegh , Aghabeiglooei Zahra , Atlasi Rasha , Namazi Nazli , Ayati Mohammad Hossein
Published: June 2023

As a phytochemical, berberine can modulate metabolic parameters via altering gut flora. However, findings are conflicting. In the present systematic review, we aimed to summarize the effects of berberine on gut microbiota in the models of metabolic disorders in both animal studies and clinical trials. Publications in five electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched systematically up to 31 May 2021 to find relevant articles with English language. Out of 4102 studies (including 2125 duplicates), 35 studies were included. In animal studies, various effects of berberine on beneficial and harmful microbiota were reported. However, findings also indicated that berberine can decrease the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio. Three out of five studies showed positive effects of berberine on the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), particularly butyrate. In three animal studies, lipopolysacaride (LPS) concentrations decreased with berberine administration. In clinical trials (n=3) positive effects on microbiota and metabolic status were also reported. However, the quality of clinical trials was mainly low. The present systematic review showed that berberine can modulate key metabolic parameters through improving the balance of intestinal microbiome, decreasing the abundance of harmful microbiota and LPS concentrations, and increasing the production of SCFAs, particularly butyrate in animal models. However, there are limited high-quality evidence regarding the effects of berberine on gut flora in clinical trials. Although berberine can be an effective prebiotic supplement to modulate metabolic parameters, further high-quality clinical trials are needed to confirm this potential.
HISTORY AS SHADOW THEATER: THEATRICAL CODE OF UWE TIMM'S NOVEL HALBSCHATTEN
Authors: Dronova Olga A.
Published: June 2023

The theatrical code is considered as a way of representing German history in Uwe Timm's novel «Halbschatten». The manifestations of theatricality in the novel chronotope, the organization of artistic discourse, and the system of images are studied. The fragmentary nature of the novel composition realizes the author's perception of history as a trauma, which is opposed by the search for integrity that arises at the level of the artistic image. The action of the novel implicates the image of history as a theater of shadows. The action of the novel is considered as an allegory of the creative process, the conclusion about the polygenre nature of Timm's novel as a historical novel and a metanovel is substantiated.
PERCEPTION OF GERMAN-LANGUAGE CONTENT BY THE RUSSIAN-SPEAKING AUDIENCE: EMPIRICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Akhmetzyanova Polina A. , Alekseeva Ekaterina M.
Published: June 2023

Audiovisual content has significantly grown in popularity in the recent years. There have been numerous studies devoted to the peculiarities of audiovisual translation of materials, yet the majority of the research focuses solely on theoretical aspects. The article addresses the issue of comprehension and perception of audiovisual materials, as this issue is one of the most perspective and understudied questions of modern linguistics. The authors provide a brief analysis of the theoretical basis of the issue under discussion, referring to the research results of foreign and Russian scholars. The authors also describe the empiric-experimental analysis of German-language media perception by the Russian-speaking audience; summarize the results and outline the conclusions. The article covers the empiric-experimental psycholinguistic research based on the scaling method. The study contains the findings on the influence of the specifics of translation of chosen fragments of the series "Dark" on the audience's perception and comprehension of the audiovisual materials translated into Russian, in comparison with the perception of the same fragments by the audience viewing the original content in German. The authors also formulate the perspectives for further study of the issue in question. The study indicated significant deviations in the translation of the content of some episodes, reflected in the perception disparity between the materials seen in the original and the translated versions. The results suggest that the translated material becomes less expressive; some of the scenes are misrepresented in terms of meaning. The potential for further research is to increase the scope of the material studied and to use additional methods of measuring perceptual disparities, with the help of EEG, oculography, etc.
Refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus and evidence for the use of ketamine: a scope review
Authors: Espinosa Luis , Gomez Mario , Zamora Adrian , Molano-Franco Daniel
Published: June 2023

Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency with serious consequences for neuronal tissues, therefore, it is considered the most serious manifestation of epilepsy. The response to treatment, its evolution time and duration, and the need to use one or more antiseizure drugs define SE as refractory or super-refractory. Ketamine has been used in SE management since the 90s when an article describing its use in treating SE was published. Since then, at least 24 publications have reported the use of ketamine for the treatment of SE in both adult and pediatric patients. This scoping review seeks to synthesize information on the use of drugs in super-refractory SE, specifically ketamine. Twenty articles were chosen for the final document construction. Few studies have investigated the use of ketamine in refractory status epilepticus (RSE) and super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE). Most of the information comes from retrospective case series studies, mostly with small sample sizes, and although the information is heterogeneous, it points to the efficacy of ketamine as a third-line drug in RES and SRSE, in controlling seizures.
Exploring effects of initial water content of recycled aggregate and additional water consumption on the permeability resistance of concrete to chlorine salt
Authors: Duan Zhenhua , Li Julun , Xiao Jianzhuang , Huang Tianyong
Published: June 2023

Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) technology is conducive to resource conservation and environmental protection, but the high-water absorption of recycled aggregate makes it difficult to control the durability of RAC. In this study, the combined effects of initial moisture and additional moisture of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) on the resistance to chloride ion penetration of concrete were investigated. The results show that, when the initial humidity of RCA is lower than 0.25 and the additional water consumption is low, RAC shows a rapid decay of dynamic elastic modulus. In contrast, when the sum of initial water content and additional water content is greater than 80%, the higher the initial water content, the better the compactness and impermeability of concrete. At the same time, the initial water and additional water of RCA have a great impact on the quality of RAC and the depth of damage layer. When the initial water content of RCA is high, the corrosion resistance of RAC decreases with the increase of the additional water. After comprehensive consideration, it is recommended to use RCA with 50% initial water and less than 40% additional water to obtain good durability.
Elogio de la luz, y otros amores
Authors: Huayhuaca José Carlos
Published: June 2023

En este libro, el autor aborda el movimiento, el arte, la magia. El autor-protagonista va registrando sus experiencias existenciales y únicas, según dice, capaces de afectar nuestras vidas desde el momento en que se viven en adelante. El libro recoge análisis críticos, pero también historias de amor. En su curioso ámbito, el arte brota en medio de la vida y la vida en medio del arte y los ensayos estudian —a la vez que celebran— el mundo de las imágenes, sea que aparezcan en la pantalla, en la página, en el escenario, en el lienzo, en un álbum, aun en los viajes y en las calles de todos los días. Son incitaciones a mirar el mundo con intensidad. La mayoría de los textos recogidos han sido publicados de manera dispersa en revistas de coyuntura, arte y crítica cultural en diversas épocas. Los textos dedicados a la música, refiere el propio Huayhuaca, son comentarios breves escritos hacia 1978 a pedido de una amiga a quien regaló un cassette con sus piezas predilectas.
Evaluation of Genetic Variability of Some Local Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Genotypes Using Different Statistical Analysis
Authors: Öten Mehmet
Published: June 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the variation among local grass pea varieties in Türkiye by using some statistical analysis. Methods: The investigation was carried out according to the randomized block design with three replications during the growing season of 2018 and 2019 with 9 different genotypes and 2 registered varieties of grass pea at the Batý Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute. Days to flowering, green herbage yield, dry herbage yield, seed yield, thousand seed weight, plant main stem length, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index were determined. Furthermore, the results of investigated features were subjected to correlation, regression, path and cluster analysis. Result: The results showed sufficient variability in seed yield based on characteristics among the tested genotypes. Regression analysis showed that days to flowering, harvest index, number of pods per plant, straw yield and biological yield should be given more importance during selection. This study resulted in three clusters with the maximum intergenetic distance between genotypes Ls17 and Ls23. According to the results of the research, it was determined that genotypes Ls15 and Ls32 were equivalent to commercial cultivars in terms of the investigated characteristics.
How does product packaging features influence the purchase decision of young adult?
Authors: Roy Mollika , Bhattacharja Barun Kummer , Jahan Iffat
Published: June 2023

Packaging is more than just a suitable way of showcasing a product or getting a product to the consumer without reaching any damage. Here, we intended to know the relative significance of different features of packaging in purchase decision-making. We controlled the diversity of products and their confounding effect in the decision-making task by giving participants a particular product category (toiletries items) in the instruction. A survey was conducted on 386 Bangladeshi adult participants to rate their attitudes toward 11 different packing features when they make a purchase decision. The finding shows that participants rated printed detail on the package as the most important attribute which can manipulate their purchase choice. Moreover, they rated Convenience packaging, Hygienic wrapping material, convincing words on the packet, and attractiveness as the top five packaging features for young Bangladeshi adults, respectively. We found some significant gender differences in four features of product packaging. Bangladeshi adult females are more influenced by the attractiveness, colourful packet, convenience packaging, and convincing words on the packet than male customers. This finding could be an important addition to consumer behaviour literature. Moreover, marketers and designers would know their customer's needs and will be able to use this knowledge in product packaging as a reliable source of marketing strategy to increase their product sales.Keywords: product packaging; consumer behaviour; decision making; young adults
Clinical Challenges and Solutions in Adapting Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety in Adults With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Pineda Jill , Nowinski Lisa , Birtwell Kirstin , Hooker Jacob M. , McGuire Joseph F. , McDougle Christopher J. , Thom Robyn P.
Published: June 2023

While cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a first-line treatment for anxiety, it is not typically offered to those with intellectual disability (ID). In this article, we provide a historical perspective on the treatment of mental health concerns in adults with ID, describe an adapted CBT treatment for anxiety in adults with Williams syndrome (WS) and mild to moderate ID, and discuss general modifications to CBT for adults with ID. Strategies used to successfully adapt CBT for adults with WS that may generalize to adults with ID more broadly include (a) using child-based CBT manuals as a framework, (b) involving a caregiver as a therapy partner, (c) incorporating a high level of repetition, (d) simplifying language, (e) slowing the pace of instruction, and (f) incorporating specific examples and adaptations for WS.
The Effect of an Office-Based Strategy on Treatment Outcome and Adoption of Measurement-Based Care Into Psychiatric Treatment at a Nonprofit, Outpatient Clinic
Authors: Rea Deirdre O. , Garber Jeannie
Published: June 2023

Background:Measurement-based care (MBC) is a method for demonstrating performance outcomes but is rarely used in behavioral health settings despite it being an evidence-based practice. As psychiatry moves to value-based care and payment for performance, the adoption of MBC will be essential.Objective:The purpose of the study was to test proactive reporting of patient self-reported measurement tool results to providers on treatment outcomes to promote the adoption of MBC.Methods:The study entailed a mixed methods design with a pre-/post-test quantitative measurement of scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and a semistructured qualitative interview with providers following data collection.Results:Results showed, during the intervention period, statistically significant decreases in anxiety scores for all patients. Depression symptom decreases trended toward significance for female patients. After initial disregard for scores, all providers found a benefit to continued use of MBC.Conclusions:Identification and removal of barriers can assist in the adoption of evidence-based practices in healthcare.Implications for Nursing:Successful change can be accomplished with minor adjustments to an already-established workflow and a team approach to the process.
Subjective and Objective Financial Knowledge and Their Associations with Financial Risk Tolerance
Authors: Noman Abdullah , Chu Lanlan , Rahman Mohammad
Published: June 2023

This article examines the relationship between the financial risk-taking behavior of individual investors and their subjective and objective knowledge. The data come from multiple waves of surveys conducted by the National Financial Capability Study between 2009 and 2018. We hypothesize that subjective knowledge will have a greater association with risk tolerance than objective knowledge of individual investors. Regression models are estimated with least squares as well as with the ordered logit method. Estimation results show that individual investors’ risk tolerance behavior is associated more with their subjective knowledge than their objective knowledge. This is true in all four surveys separately and in the combined sample. Additionally, as hypothesized, the relative influence of subjective knowledge on risk tolerance, compared to objective knowledge, increases as the survey periods move further away from the financial recession of 2007–2008. This article has important implications for behavioral and personal finance researchers, financial advisors, and regulators.
Development of a Responsible Financial Behaviors Index
Authors: Preece Gloria L. , Kiss D. Elizabeth , MacDonald Maurice
Published: June 2023

Bridging the gap between theory and practice, this study yielded a reliable and valid measure for responsible financial behaviors with the potential to serve practitioners when working with consumers. This research utilized Bandura’s Triadic Model of Causation (Bandura, 1985) to investigate and predict responsible financial behaviors. Data from the 2009, 2012, and 2018 National Financial Capability Study surveys were used to construct a responsible financial behaviors index with five subconstructs for time horizon, money management, risk management, debt awareness, and ownership of baseline financial accounts. Results from a series of regression models identified consistent relationships between the index and variables categorized as cognitive factors (financial knowledge, financial self-efficacy, and financial risk tolerance) and background characteristics (educational attainment, income, and marital status).
Vlogging Pregnancy and Laboring During the Pandemic on YouTube
Authors: Dai Zehui , Meindl Michael , Tetteh Dinah
Published: June 2023

Since early 2020, the world has been dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. The rapid changing situation led to unforeseeable challenges and questions for many people, including pregnant women. Through a textual analysis of personal narratives told via pregnancy and/or laboring vlogs during COVID-19, this present study aims to understand how women from China who live in another country during pregnancy have utilized YouTube vlogs to share their experiences. Through this analysis, we identify various challenges that these women experienced during their pregnancy. The COVID-19 pandemic exaggerated the normal difficulties of these issues and also created additional problems for these women, including regular pregnancy tests, choice of birthing locations, and the support and caring that were normal during this time period.
Not Just Mechanical Birthing Bodies: Birthing Consciousness and Birth Reflexes
Authors: Dahan Orli , Odent Michel
Published: June 2023

There are two concepts of neuroendocrine reflexes associated with the expulsion of the fetus through the birth canal during the second stage of birth: the Ferguson reflex and the fetus ejection reflex. These concepts are often confused with one another and treated synonymously, thus interchangeable. However, the two not only refer to different phenomena, but they also represent the birthing woman differently. The Ferguson reflex treats the birthing woman as simply a biomechanical body. In contrast, the fetus ejection reflex does not ignore women’s conscious states during birth and recognizes what is currently a well-known empirical fact: The event of birth is a complex biophysical process affected by many mental, social, and environmental factors. In that, it has a connection to the phenomenon of birthing consciousness, which is the positive altered state sometimes experienced during a physiological and undisturbed childbirth. We argue that birthing consciousness and the fetus ejection reflex, made possible by reduced cortical control, are extremely helpful in promoting physiological human childbirth. Therefore, treating a woman giving birth as a biomechanical body is not only erroneous but can also lead to medical mismanagement of the second stage of physiological childbirth with associated mental and physiological consequences.
Pendekatan Holistik Pembayaran Uang Kembalian dengan Non-Rupiah dalam Kerangka Hukum Perjanjian Syariah, Pidana dan Implikasinya terhadap Perlindungan Konsumen
Authors: Musataklima
Published: June 2023

Penggunaan uang koin dalam transaksi bisnis mengalami penurunan, di berbagai daerah tidak terkecuali di Malang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pertama, rendahnya efektivitas  penggunaan Rupiah sebagai alat pembayaran uang kembalian; aspek pidana, penyebab dan solusinya. Kedua, Aspek hukum perjanjian syariah, dan ketiga, implikasinya terhadap hak konsumen. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian empiris dengan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis, yang bertumpu kepada data primer yang didapat melalui wawancara, selain data primer, data sekunder juga dibutuhkan dalam penelitian ini yang didapat melalui studi dokumen dan kepustakaan. Semua data ini dianalisa secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah, pertama, tidak digunakannya rupiah sebagai alat pembayaran uang kembalian merupakan tindakan pidana yang disebabkan (1) norma hukumnya mandatur, (2) kultur masyarakat yang cenderung tidak menghargai koin. Solusinya adalah sosialisasi melalui klinik konsumen cerdas dan  gerakan peduli koin nasional. Kedua, pembayaran uang kembalian dengan barang dalam hukum perjanjian syariah tidak ditemukan pertemuan kehendak sehingga cacat kehendak. Ketiga, implikasinya mengakibatkan hak konsumen untuk dilayani dengan benar dan jujur tercederai. (The use of coins in business transactions has decreased in various regions, including Malang. This study aims to describe: first, the low effectiveness of using the Rupiah as a means of payment for change; the criminal aspects, causes, and solutions. Second, the legal aspects of sharia agreements, and third, the implications for consumer rights. This research is an empirical study with a sociological juridical approach, which relies on primary data obtained through interviews. Besides, this study uses secondary data obtained through documents and literature studies. All of these data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results of this study are: first, the non-use of the rupiah as a means of payment for change is a criminal act caused by (1) the mandatory legal norms, (2) the culture of people who tend not to value coins. The solution is socialization through smart consumer clinics, and movements care about national coins. Second, payment of change with goods in the Sharia agreement law doesn't meet the will, so it is defective to the will. Third, the implication is that the consumer's right to be served appropriately and honestly is harmed.)
What Impact does a Pandemic have on Emergency Department Visits? COVID-19 Pandemic and Coronaphobia
Authors: BEŞER Muhammet Fatih , İLHAN Engin , ŞİMŞEK Perihan , YADIGAROGLU Metin , ŞAHİN Abdul Samet , KOÇ Emre , ÜÇÜNCÜ Esra , BÜLBÜL Özlem , SAĞLAM AYKUT Demet , ARAZ Özgür , TOPBAŞ Murat , GÜNDÜZ Abdulkadir
Published: June 2023

Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, emergency department visits decreased all around the world. This has been linked to reduced access to health care services associated with the pandemic, changes in social life, and individuals avoiding health care facilities to avoid disease contamination. Lack of access to emergency department services for health problems requiring urgent care can lead to complications and outcomes resulting in mortality and disability. The purpose of this study was to examine the postponement of emergency department visits during the pandemic and to explore the reasons for these delays.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the emergency department of a university hospital in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The study population consisted of patients 18 years of age and older. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were given a questionnaire that included a COVID-19 Phobia Scale. The data collection forms were administered by ED physicians through face-to-face interviews.
Results: The research was completed with 352 patients. 27.0% of the participants stated delays in their emergency department visits due to COVID-19 pandemic. The most common reasons for postponing emergency department visits were reluctance to visit a hospital because of the pandemic (46.3%), lack of an individual to accompany the patient (28.4%), and difficulty in finding proper transportation (18.9%). ED visit delays were significantly higher among single patients than married ones and were significantly lower in patients aged 31-55 compared to other patients (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in terms of COVID-19 Phobia Scale scores between patients postponing emergency department visits and those not postponing them (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Around one in three patients postponed their visits to the emergency department (ED) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This delay can be attributed to the "fear of exposure to the disease," which is a direct effect of the pandemic. However, there are also indirect effects, such as concerns over finding transportation and an individual to accompany the patient.
Assessment of the Relationship between Vitamin D Deficiency and the Development of Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Authors: ÇETİNKAYA Osman Eren , ÖZER ASLAN İlke , KURAL Alev , DOĞAN Keziban
Published: June 2023

Object: Hyperemesis gravidarum, the leading cause of hospitalization in the first trimester, is observed in 0.3% to 3.6% of all pregnant women worldwide. Vitamin D is a significant vitamin for human health, and vitamin D deficiency in the pregnant women population in Turkey is a common pathology. In this context, this study was carried out to assess the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the development of hyperemesis gravidarum.
Methods: The population of this prospective, single-center, case-controlled study consisted of pregnant women diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum. In the end, 23 pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum were included in the patient group, and 30 healthy pregnant women with demographic characteristics that match those with hyperemesis gravidarum were included in the control group. The Vitamin D and hematocrit levels were compared between the two groups.
Results: There was no significant difference between the patient and control groups in the serum vitamin D (p = 0.760) and hematocrit (p = 0.149) levels. Overall, only 9 (17%) of the 53 pregnant women had sufficient (> 20 ng / ml) vitamin D. There was no significant difference between the patient and control groups in the number of patients with vitamin D deficiency.
Conclusion: The study findings did not indicate a correlation between vitamin D deficiency and hyperemesis gravidarum. Further large-scale studies are needed to establish the absence of a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and hyperemesis gravidarum. On the other hand, the fact that only 17% of the pregnant women who participated in this study had sufficient vitamin D revealed the need to emphasize using vitamin D supplements in pregnant women as early as possible in the first trimester.
Association of Vitamin D, IL-6, TNF-α, CRP and Periodontal Health Status in the Eastern Black Sea Region
Authors: YEMENOĞLU Hatice , ZİHNİ KORKMAZ Meltem , ARPA Medeni
Published: June 2023

Objective: It is well established that vitamin D deficiency may increase risk of periodontitis, and that supplementation with vitamin D can contribute to maintain periodontal health. Since the Eastern Black Sea Region receives little sunlight due to its location, individuals living in this region don’t produce enough vitamin D and these individuals generally have vitamin D deficiency. The goal of this study was to analyze that association of vitamin D and periodontal health status in a study population of the Eastern Black Sea Region.
Methods: In this study, which was planned as a case control study, it was planned to reach a total of 72 samples, with at least 24 samples in each group in the sample calculation. As a result of data collection, 29 individuals with periodontitis, 28 individuals with gingivitis and 25 periodontally healthy individuals, a total of 82 individuals were included in the study. Cytokines in inflamed periodontal tissues have a marked effect on host modulation and onset and progression of periodontal disease. Venous blood samples were collected from the individuals. Periodontal clinical parameters were measured. Serum levels of 1.25(OH)2D3, 25(OH)D, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were assessed.
Results: Periodontally healthy group had statistically significantly lower periodontal clinical parameter values compared to gingivitis and periodontitis group (p<0.05). The serum 1.25(OH)2D3 level was lower in the periodontitis group compared to the periodontally healthy group and gingivitis group (p<0.05). But there was no statistically significant difference in the periodontitis 10.20 (3.70-29.50) ng/mL, gingivitis 11.35 (5.60-29.50) ng/mL and periodontally healthy groups 9.10 (2.90-55.40) ng/mL in terms of serum 25(OH)D levels (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The outcomes of this study support the idea that lower serum 1.25(OH)2D3 level has a negative effect on periodontal health status. Our data suggest that vitamin D supplementation to people living in the Eastern Black Sea Region would be beneficial in reducing the risk of developing periodontal disease. Further studies are needed on this subject.
Four Components of the Mobilization of the Russian Sciences
Authors: Yurevich Andrey
Published: June 2023

The transition of Russian science to the mobilization scenario of development is considered. The survey data are presented, demonstrating that this transition causes a positive attitude among the majority of the Russian scientific community. The author explains this rather paradoxical fact with two reasons. Firstly, by the fact that scientists are tired of the Russian science being in a state of Russian “nirvana”, when work in the “not shaky, not shaky” mode, at a sufficiently low level of its capabilities, has been raised to normal. Secondly, they understand that in the current conditions, Russia is mainly rescued by the presence of nuclear weapons created during the mobilization of domestic science. The mobilization scenario of the development of Russian science is considered as including four main components: 1) stricter control (by the state) of the issues being developed, 2) optimization of the staff of science, 3) change in the (meritocratic) form of its organization, 4) intensification of scientific work. The question is raised about which part of the national science it is advisable to mobilize. The author believes that the mobilization of our entire scientific organism would be an excess, but some of its elements – the liberation from “dead souls”, the intensification of scientific work, etc., should be carried out in relation to our entire science. The risks facing Russian science in the conditions of its mobilization are also considered: de-internationalization, reduction of international investments, etc.
Early Soviet Forced Labor Construction Bureaus [‘Sharashkas’] as an Experiment of Combining Protective and Mobilization Practices
Authors: Krasilnikov Sergey
Published: June 2023

This paper analyzes the experience and practices of creating in the early 1930s under the auspices of the OGPU the first institutional form of exploitation of the intellectual potential of imprisoned specialists in the scientific and technical field in the form of special technical / constructor bureaus (OTB/OKB), or the so-called ‘sharashkas’. The phenomenon of the emergence of them and the reasons for the relative short-term nature of their existence in the structure of the security agency is considered from three positions: in the hierarchy of authorities and management, ‘sharashkas’ caused a conflict of interests of economic departments with punitive ones; on the institutional side, they did not have the potential for sustainability and prospects for development; on the personal side, the marginal status of prisoners that arose influenced the creative biographies of scientists. Despite the practice of reviving these bureaus in the future, we made a conclusion about the dysfunctional nature of their formation and activities.
The Mobilization Mode in the Economic Science
Authors: Shastitko Andrey , Kurdin Alexander
Published: June 2023

Potential changes in economic science under the conditions of mobilization processes in the economy and society are considered. The main questions that arise before the scientific community because of these processes are formulated, options for answers to them are proposed, and the prospects for economic science in the new conditions are also indicated. The article systematizes the composition of external stakeholders of scientific activity and their interests, identifies potential changes in the mechanisms for coordinating their interaction with the scientific community.
Where Did the Crisis Come From? The View of a Provincial. Reflections on Vadim Radayev’s Book “Education in Crisis”
Authors: Donskikh Oleg
Published: June 2023

The article, based on the contents of this book, discusses a number of problems of modern education. Relying on the generational approach, V.V. Radaev formulates a number of peculiarities of millennials and zoomers, who live simultaneously in physical and virtual realities and are plunged into the arms of infodemia, new in comparison with the previous generations. These features are forcing both university administrators and professors to significantly change their approaches to education, since the usual forms are clearly not achieving their goals. However, it is easy enough to show that a number of habits that characterize the new generations are shaped by a series of transformations of the educational system, carried out in imitation of alien models, as well as by the market approach that pervades all modern society, with its reliance on legal relations that displace ethical relations and, consequently, lead to de-subjectification. This situation explains the pragmatism of students and the aggressive demand for good grades. By now there is a situation in educational institutions where the university professor (who has to take on extra workloads, write endless reports, etc.) has become the most powerless participant in the educational process, which has been taken over by efficient managers. Plus, there is a significant number of students who are paying for educational services and thus perceiving themselves as clients. Accordingly, the entire system of relations between the administration, professors, and students has been distorted. But V.V. Radaev has safely passed over these problems, and the peculiarities of the new generations are presented in the book as an objective process, as if behind it there were no specific people who carried out reforms and turned universities into commercial organizations.
POLA KONSUMSI PANGAN PENDUDUK USIA PRODUKTIF PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Mustakim Mustakim , Efendi Rusman , Sofiany Intan Rosenanda
Published: June 2023

Pandemi COVID-19 telah mempengaruhi setiap lini kehidupan, termasuk pola konsumsi pangan. Sayangnya, perubahan yang terjadi dapat mengarah pada pola makan positif maupun negatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelisik dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap pola makan. Jika ditemukan perubahan ke arah negatif dapat dilakukan antisipasi guna mencegah masalah kesehatan di kemudian hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini yaitu penduduk usia produktif di Kota Tangerang Selatan dan didapatkan sampel sebanyak 133 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan konsumsi makanan utama dan selingan, sayur dan buah, air putih, minuman rempah-rempah, suplemen, makanan ringan kemasan dan fast food serta penurunan konsumsi gorengan. Perubahan paling umum berupa peningkatan jumlah, ragam dan frekuensi konsumsi. Pengetahuan dan sikap gizi responden cenderung baik dan positif. Mayoritas responden kadang-kadang mempertimbangkan harga pangan dan mengalami peningkatan perilaku memasak. Sebanyak 51,9% responden rutin memantau berat badan dan 49,3% diantaranya mengalami kenaikan berat badan. Peningkatan konsumsi makanan ringan dan fast food dapat mengarah pada kenaikan berat badan. Ditambah lagi, konsumsi buah dan sayur yang belum mencukupi kebutuhan harian. Perlu ditemukan penyebab perubahan yang terjadi sehingga dapat dilakukan upaya guna mencegah masalah kesehatan di kemudian hari.
KONSUMSI, AKTIVITAS FISIK, STATUS GIZI ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Trinursari Sindi , Sulistiyani Sulistiyani , Ratnawati Leersia Yusi
Published: June 2023

Masa pandemi Covid-19 telah terjadi perubahan pada pola konsumsi dan pola aktivitas anak, status gizi dapat dipengaruhi oleh konsumsi dan aktivitas fisik. Status gizi baik berperan dalam mempertahankan tingkat kesehatan dan membantu proses pertumbuhan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat konsumsi dan aktivitas fisik anak sekolah dasar (SD) negeri dengan status gizi selama masa pandemi Covid-19 di Kecamatan Bondowoso. Penelitian cross-sectional ini dilakukan di tiga sekolah sekolah di Kecamatan Bondowoso yang berjumlah 77 sampel pada bulan Agustus hingga September 2021 menggunakan  teknik simple random sampling, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengolahan dan analisis data pada bulan Oktober 2021. Tingkat konsumsi diperoleh dengan wawancara secara langsung menggunakan Recall 2x24 jam, aktivitas fisik menggunakan The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) dan status gizi pada masa pandemi diperoleh melalui pengukuran tinggi badan dan berat badan secara langsung, sedangkan status gizi sebelum pandemi menggunakan data sekunder.  Hasil penelitian dengan tigkat konsumsi dan aktivitas fisik sebagai variabel bebas serta status gizi sebagai variabel terikatnya ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara tingkat konsumsi protein (nilai p=0,013) dan aktivitas fisik dengan status gizi anak sekolah dasar (nilai p = 0,017) pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Saran yang dapat diberikan yaitu membiasakan untuk tidak melewatkan sarapan sebelum berangkat sekolah, untuk mengkonsumsi makanan yang mengandung protein sesuai dengan kebutuhan supaya status gizi dan pertumbuhan tetap terjaga, serta menganjurkan anak untuk tetap melakukan aktivitas fisik setidaknya 30 menit/hari.
STRATEGI KOPING FOKUS EMOSI MAHASISWA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Ihsan Firman Maulana , Sulistyowati Muji , Qomaruddin Mochammad Bagus , Deviatin Nafiatus Sintya , Nurmala Ira
Published: June 2023

COVID-19 adalah sebuah pandemi yang mematikan dan menimbulkan banyak kerugian. Salah satu langkah pencegahan oleh pemerintah adalah melakukan lockdown dan menerapkan pembelajaran online untuk anak sekolah dan perkuliahan. Hal ini menimbulkan potensi stres pada remaja. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi remaja melakukan koping stres yang terfokus pada emosinya atau Emotion Focused Coping (EFC).  Studi ini merupakan studi kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional dengan uji statistik yang digunakan adalah regresi logistik dengan metode backward. Responden berjumlah 397 mahasiswa aktif jenjang Diploma dan Sarjana di Universitas Airlangga angkatan 2017 hingga 2020. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April 2020 hingga Februari 2021. Sampel dipilih dengan simple random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan penelitian menggunakan Online Survey menggunakan fitur Google Form.  Hasil dari studi ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor causal focus, controlled by self dan controlled by others memiliki korelasi signifikan terhadap EFC, masing-masing bernilai p-value = 0,003, p-value = 0,018 dan p-value = 0,009. Kesimpulan dalam studi ini adalah remaja melakukan Emotion Focused Coping karena menyadari kemampuannya untuk mengatasi potensi stres akibat COVID-19 dari dalam diri sendiri maupun bantuan orang lain dan perilaku menyalahkan diri sendiri. Peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan dapat meneliti mengenai dampak dari remaja yang tidak bisa mengontrol koping fokus emosi terhadap kesehatan mentalnya sebagai mahasiswa di masa pandemi COVID-19.