bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term effects of Omicron BA.2 breakthrough infection on immunity-metabolism balance: a 6-month prospective study
Authors: Li Yanhua , Qin Shijie , Dong Lei , Qiao Shitong , Wang Xiao , Yu Dongshan , Gao Pengyue , Hou Yali , Quan Shouzhen , Li Ying , Fan Fengyan , Zhao Xin , Ma Yueyun , Gao George Fu
Published: March 2024

There have been reports of long coronavirus disease (long COVID) and breakthrough infections (BTIs); however, the mechanisms and pathological features of long COVID after Omicron BTIs remain unclear. Assessing long-term effects of COVID-19 and immune recovery after Omicron BTIs is crucial for understanding the disease and managing new-generation vaccines. Here, we followed up mild BA.2 BTI convalescents for six-month with routine blood tests, proteomic analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). We found that major organs exhibited ephemeral dysfunction and recovered to normal in approximately six-month after BA.2 BTI. We also observed durable and potent levels of neutralizing antibodies against major circulating sub-variants, indicating that hybrid humoral immunity stays active. However, platelets may take longer to recover based on proteomic analyses, which also shows coagulation disorder and an imbalance between anti-pathogen immunity and metabolism six-month after BA.2 BTI. The immunity-metabolism imbalance was then confirmed with retrospective analysis of abnormal levels of hormones, low blood glucose level and coagulation profile. The long-term malfunctional coagulation and imbalance in the material metabolism and immunity may contribute to the development of long COVID and act as useful indicator for assessing recovery and the long-term impacts after Omicron sub-variant BTIs.
Competition quenching strategies reduce antibiotic tolerance in polymicrobial biofilms
Authors: Lories Bram , Belpaire Tom E. R. , Smeets Bart , Steenackers Hans P.
Published: March 2024

Bacteria typically live in dense communities where they are surrounded by other species and compete for a limited amount of resources. These competitive interactions can induce defensive responses that also protect against antimicrobials, potentially complicating the antimicrobial treatment of pathogens residing in polymicrobial consortia. Therefore, we evaluate the potential of alternative antivirulence strategies that quench this response to competition. We test three competition quenching approaches: (i) interference with the attack mechanism of surrounding competitors, (ii) inhibition of the stress response systems that detect competition, and (iii) reduction of the overall level of competition in the community by lowering the population density. We show that either strategy can prevent the induction of antimicrobial tolerance of Salmonella Typhimurium in response to competitors. Competition quenching strategies can thus reduce tolerance of pathogens residing in polymicrobial communities and could contribute to the improved eradication of these pathogens via traditional methods.
AccessPD as a next generation registry to accelerate Parkinson’s disease research
Authors: Chang Yun-Hsuan , Periñan Maria Teresa , Wilson Matt , Noyce Alastair J.
Published: March 2024

Recruitment is a major rate-limiting factor in Parkinson’s disease (PD) research. AccessPD is a unique platform that aims to create a registry of more than 2000 PD patients and a rich database of PD-relevant information. Potential participants are identified using electronic health records (EHRs) in primary care. They are contacted via text message with an individualized link to the study portal. Electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO) are collected via online questionnaires and integrated with existing EHR. 200 participants were recruited within the first 6 months, of which 191 answered the follow-up questionnaire. Here, to showcase the potential of AccessPD, we described the most common diagnoses before and after PD diagnosis, the most commonly prescribed drugs, and identified participants who could benefit from device-aided therapies using consensus criteria. AccessPD shows its unique ability to link different data sources for patient stratification in longitudinal studies and recruitment into clinical trials.
Global trend of methane abatement inventions and widening mismatch with methane emissions
Authors: Jiang Jingjing , Yin Deyun , Sun Zhuoluo , Ye Bin , Zhou Nan
Published: March 2024

Substantially reducing methane emissions is the fastest way to repress near-term warming and is an essential prerequisite for reaching the 1.5 °C target. However, knowledge about the global invention trend, sectoral and national distribution and international diffusion of methane-targeted abatement technologies (MTATs) remains limited. On the basis of patent data, we identify more than 175,000 MTAT inventions applied between 1990 and 2019 by 133 countries or dependent territories. Our results revealed that after sustained growth of more than fourfold, the number of global high-quality MTAT inventions declined by 3.5% annually from 2010 to 2019. The sectoral and national-level distributions of MTAT inventions and methane emissions are strongly mismatched. Additionally, the international diffusion of MTATs is 11.1% lower than that of overall climate change mitigation technologies and most transfers occur between developed countries or flow to China, South Korea and Brazil; however, other developing countries and the least developed countries are rarely involved.
Assessing microbiome population dynamics using wild-type isogenic standardized hybrid (WISH)-tags
Authors: Daniel Benjamin B. J. , Steiger Yves , Sintsova Anna , Field Christopher M. , Nguyen Bidong D. , Schubert Christopher , Cherrak Yassine , Sunagawa Shinichi , Hardt Wolf-Dietrich , Vorholt Julia A.
Published: March 2024

Microbiomes feature recurrent compositional structures under given environmental conditions. However, these patterns may conceal diverse underlying population dynamics that require intrastrain resolution. Here we developed a genomic tagging system, termed wild-type isogenic standardized hybrid (WISH)-tags, that can be combined with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing for microbial strain enumeration. We experimentally validated the performance of 62 tags and showed that they can be differentiated with high precision. WISH-tags were introduced into model and non-model bacterial members of the mouse and plant microbiota. Intrastrain priority effects were tested using one species of isogenic barcoded bacteria in the murine gut and the Arabidopsis phyllosphere, both with and without microbiota context. We observed colonization resistance against late-arriving strains of Salmonella Typhimurium in the mouse gut, whereas the phyllosphere accommodated Sphingomonas latecomers in a manner proportional to their presence at the late inoculation timepoint. This demonstrates that WISH-tags are a resource for deciphering population dynamics underlying microbiome assembly across biological systems.
Heterogeneity and predictors of the effects of AI assistance on radiologists
Authors: Yu Feiyang , Moehring Alex , Banerjee Oishi , Salz Tobias , Agarwal Nikhil , Rajpurkar Pranav
Published: March 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical image interpretation requires effective collaboration between clinicians and AI algorithms. Although previous studies demonstrated the potential of AI assistance in improving overall clinician performance, the individual impact on clinicians remains unclear. This large-scale study examined the heterogeneous effects of AI assistance on 140 radiologists across 15 chest X-ray diagnostic tasks and identified predictors of these effects. Surprisingly, conventional experience-based factors, such as years of experience, subspecialty and familiarity with AI tools, fail to reliably predict the impact of AI assistance. Additionally, lower-performing radiologists do not consistently benefit more from AI assistance, challenging prevailing assumptions. Instead, we found that the occurrence of AI errors strongly influences treatment outcomes, with inaccurate AI predictions adversely affecting radiologist performance on the aggregate of all pathologies and on half of the individual pathologies investigated. Our findings highlight the importance of personalized approaches to clinician–AI collaboration and the importance of accurate AI models. By understanding the factors that shape the effectiveness of AI assistance, this study provides valuable insights for targeted implementation of AI, enabling maximum benefits for individual clinicians in clinical practice.
Identification of key genes for atherosclerosis in different arterial beds
Authors: Wu Xize , Pan Xue , Zhou Yi , Pan Jiaxiang , Kang Jian , Yu J. J. Jiajia , Cao Yingyue , Quan Chao , Gong Lihong , Li Yue
Published: March 2024

Atherosclerosis (AS) is the pathologic basis of various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, with a high degree of heterogeneity among different arterial beds. However, mechanistic differences between arterial beds remain unexplored. The aim of this study was to explore key genes and potential mechanistic differences between AS in different arterial beds through bioinformatics analysis. Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS), femoral atherosclerosis (FAS), infrapopliteal atherosclerosis (IPAS), abdominal aortic atherosclerosis (AAS), and AS-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from the GSE100927 and GSE57691 datasets. Immune infiltration analysis was used to identify AS immune cell infiltration differences. Unsupervised cluster analysis of AS samples from different regions based on macrophage polarization gene expression profiles. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify the most relevant module genes with AS. Hub genes were then screened by LASSO regression, SVM-REF, and single-gene differential analysis, and a nomogram was constructed to predict the risk of AS development. The results showed that differential expression analysis identified 5, 4, 121, and 62 CAS, FAS, IPAS, AAS-specific DEGs, and 42 AS-common DEGs, respectively. Immune infiltration analysis demonstrated that the degree of macrophage and mast cell enrichment differed significantly in different regions of AS. The CAS, FAS, IPAS, and AAS could be distinguished into two different biologically functional and stable molecular clusters based on macrophage polarization gene expression profiles, especially for cardiomyopathy and glycolipid metabolic processes. Hub genes for 6 AS (ADAP2, CSF3R, FABP5, ITGAX, MYOC, and SPP1), 4 IPAS (CLECL1, DIO2, F2RL2, and GUCY1A2), and 3 AAS (RPL21, RPL26, and RPL10A) were obtained based on module gene, gender stratification, machine learning algorithms, and single-gene difference analysis, respectively, and these genes were effective in differentiating between different regions of AS. This study demonstrates that there are similarities and heterogeneities in the pathogenesis of AS between different arterial beds.
Investigating the interplay between gaming disorder and functional impairments in professional esports gaming
Authors: Pontes Halley M. , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen , Selak Špela , Montag Christian
Published: March 2024

The relationship between Gaming Disorder (GD) and the experience of functional impairments has received considerable theoretical attention in the recent past and current diagnostic approaches underscore the centrality of functional impairments as a requirement for GD diagnosis. However, there is limited empirical evidence illuminating the interplay between GD and functional impairments, particularly among specific vulnerable groups. The present study seeks to bridge this gap by investigating an English-speaking sample (N = 5198) comprising an age- and gender-matched group of Professional Gamers (PG, n = 2599) and Non-Professional Gamers (NPG, n = 2599) sub-sampled from a larger sample of 192,260 individuals. The results revealed that PG were at a greater risk for GD compared to NPG as the prevalence rate of GD among PG (3.31%) was significantly higher and almost doubled that of NPG (1.73%), with PG further exhibiting higher overall GD symptom-load and weekly time spent gaming compared to NPG. Furthermore, PG reported experiencing significantly higher frequency of gaming-related functional impairments compared to NPG, with the in particular affected areas for both PG and NPG being ‘school and/or work’, ‘physical health’, and ‘family’, with other key differences emerging in relation to other outcomes. Overall, the present findings show that not only GD symptom-load but also some functional impairment is higher in PG compared to NPG which highlights the need to develop and support prevention and intervention strategies for this at-risk population.
Social cognition, socioeconomic status and subjective well-being of Chinese migrant workers
Authors: Huang Weichao , Su Shipeng , Sun Xiaoyu
Published: March 2024

Subjective well-being is based on the unity of internal and external needs, as well as material and non-material needs. However, existing research lacks consideration of the impact of both objective material conditions and subjective psychological cognition on the subjective well-being of migrant workers. Thus, based on data from the 2017 China General Social Survey, this paper applies ordered logit models and OLS models to investigate the impact of social cognition and socioeconomic status on the subjective well-being of migrant workers and their intergenerational differences. The results indicate that: (1) Social cognition has a significant impact, and the impact of fairness perception is more pronounced than depression perception and class change perception; (2) among socioeconomic status, personal income did not have a significant effect as education level, car ownership and house property ownership; (3) there are intergenerational differences. The emotional state of the older generation is the most critical factor influencing their subjective well-being. In contrast, the new generation is more concerned with their feelings about future expectations. The older generation is more concerned with their house property ownership, while the increase in income, education and car ownership can significantly increase the subjective well-being of the new generation. For this reason, we believe that the Chinese government should gradually change the existing urban and rural management system to create a fair and just social environment; make migrant workers receive the same protection as urban residents and improve the income distribution mechanism; pay attention to the social security of the older generation of migrant workers and the development opportunities of the new generation of migrant workers and their ability to integrate into the city to improve their subjective well-being.
GPS/BDS triple-frequency cycle slip detection and repair based on moving window global search method
Authors: Wang Jianying , Huang Dewu
Published: March 2024

Cycle slip detection and repair are crucial steps in achieving high accuracy in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data processing. The use of Global Positioning System (GPS) and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) triple frequency observations allows for more accurate detection and repair of cycle slips compared to single or dual frequency. This study presents a moving window global search method by selecting three sets of combined coefficients to construct geometry-free (GF) models to minimize the influence of the ionosphere, using a moving window to update the standard deviation of cycle slip estimation, applying the "3$$\upsigma$$σ" criterion to constrain the range, and utilizing a global search method to detect and repair triple-frequency cycle slips. Through five sets of 1 Hz GNSS data experiments, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in determining the position and size of triple-frequency cycle slips while avoiding multi-value problems. The detection success rate for GPS ranges from 98.0 to 100.0%, while BDS ranges from 92.0 to 100.0%. On average, GPS achieves a detection rate of 99.2%, and BDS reaches 96.7%, which is 0.8% and 1.8% higher than the direct rounding method, respectively. Compared to existing methods, it is also effective for the vast majority of small cycle slips within 2 cycles.
MicroRNAs as biomarkers of brain injury in neonatal encephalopathy: an observational cohort study
Authors: Dakroub Fatima , Kobeissy Firas , Mondello Stefania , Yang Zhihui , Xu Haiyan , Sura Livia , Rossignol Candace , Albayram Mehmet , Rajderkar Dhanashree , Wang Kevin , Weiss Michael D.
Published: March 2024

Neonatal Encephalopathy (NE) is a major cause of lifelong disability and neurological complications in affected infants. Identifying novel diagnostic biomarkers in this population may assist in predicting MRI injury and differentiate neonates with NE from those with low-cord pH or healthy neonates and may help clinicians make real-time decisions. To compare the microRNA (miRNA) profiles between neonates with NE, healthy controls, and neonates with low cord pH. Moreover, miRNA concentrations were compared to brain injury severity in neonates with NE. This is a retrospective analysis of miRNA profiles from select samples in the biorepository and data registry at the University of Florida Health Gainesville. The Firefly miRNA assay was used to screen a total of 65 neurological miRNA targets in neonates with NE (n = 36), low cord pH (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 37). Multivariate statistical techniques, including principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, and miRNA Enrichment Analysis and Annotation were used to identify miRNA markers and their pathobiological relevance. A set of 10 highly influential miRNAs were identified, which were significantly upregulated in the NE group compared to healthy controls. Of these, miR-323a-3p and mir-30e-5p displayed the highest fold change in expression levels. Moreover, miR-34c-5p, miR-491-5p, and miR-346 were significantly higher in the NE group compared to the low cord pH group. Furthermore, several miRNAs were identified that can differentiate between no/mild and moderate/severe injury in the NE group as measured by MRI. MiRNAs represent promising diagnostic and prognostic tools for improving the management of NE.
Evaluation study of single-anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy in the treatment of Chinese obese patients based on efficacy and nutrition
Authors: Hu Lifu , Wang Lun , Li Shixing , Liu Yang , Zhang Zheng , Xiao Minghao , Zhang Zhenhua , Wei Zhiqiang , Cui Liang , Jiang Tao
Published: March 2024

To evaluate the efficacy and nutrition of single-anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) in Chinese obese patients in the first postoperative year. Clinical data of 66 obese patients who underwent SADI-S surgery at China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University from November 2018 to May 2022 were retrospectively collected. The weight, body mass index (BMI), percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), and percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) were recorded at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Moreover, metabolic disease remission and nutrient deficiencies were assessed at 1 year postoperatively. Overall, 66 patients (38 males and 28 females) were recruited, with a mean age of 35 (18–61) years and an average preoperative BMI of 42.94 kg/m2. Before surgery, 38 patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 46 patients had hyperuricemia (HUA), 45 patients had hypertension (HTN), 35 patients had hyperlipidemia, 12 patients had hypercholesterolemia, 12 patients had hyper-low-density lipoproteinemia, and 14 patients had gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms (GERD). All patients had undergone a DaVinci robotic or laparoscopic SADI-S surgery, and none converted to laparotomy or died. Four patients developed postoperative complications and were cured and discharged after conservative treatment or surgical treatment. At 3, 6 and 12 months, the average %EWL was 62.07 ± 26.56, 85.93 ± 27.92, and 106.65 ± 29.65%, %TWL was 22.67 ± 4.94, 32.10 ± 5.18, and 40.56 ± 7.89%, respectively. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), uric acid (UA), triglycerides (TG), blood pressure (BP), and other indexes were significantly lower after one year post-surgery compared with the preoperative period (P < 0.05). The remission rates of T2DM, HUA, HTN, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hyper-low-density lipoproteinemia 1 year after surgery were 100, 65.2, 62.2, 94.3, 100, and100%, respectively. One year after surgery, the remission rate of GERD was 71.4% (10/14), the rate of new occurrence of GERD was 12.1% (8/66), and the overall incidence rate was 18.2% (12/66). Except for vitamin B12(vit B12), the other nutrient indexes were significantly decreased after 1 year of surgery relative to levels before surgery (P < 0.05). The deficiency rates for vitamin A (vit A), vitamin E (vit E), zinc ion (Zn), and folic acid (FA) were higher (45.5, 25.8, 24.2, and 16.7%, respectively); however, there were no related clinical symptoms. SADI-S had significant effects on weight loss and metabolic disease remission. The main nutrient deficiencies after SADI-S were vit A, vit E, Zn, and FA deficiencies. The long-term efficacy and safety of SADI-S warrant further follow-up.
Systemic immune-inflammation index as a prognostic marker in HER2-positive breast cancer patients undergoing trastuzumab therapy
Authors: Pang Jian , Ding Nianhua , Yin Nana , Xiao Zhi
Published: March 2024

The prognostic value of SII (Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index) in HER-2-positive breast cancer (BC) patients, regardless of whether they receive trastuzumab treatment, and its potential value to distinguish patients who may benefit from trastuzumab therapy, warrant further investigation. Clinical data was collected from 797 HER-2-positive BC patients between July 2013 and March 2018. Baseline data differences were adjusted with propensity score matching. Univariate and multivariate analyses explored the correlation between clinical pathological factors, SII, and DFS. Four groups were established. Based on the baseline SII values of the participants, patients who did not receive trastuzumab treatment were divided into Group 1 (Low-SII) and Group 2 (High-SII), where SII had no predictive value for prognosis between groups. Participants who received trastuzumab treatment were also divided into two groups: the Low-SII group (Group 3) and the High-SII group (Group 4). The 5-year DFS was significantly higher in Group 3 than in Group 4 (91.76% vs. 82.76%, P = 0.017). Furthermore, multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant association between high SII and shorter DFS (HR = 3.430, 95% CI = 1.830–6.420, P < 0.001). In HER-2-positive BC patients treated with trastuzumab, those with lower SII showed a longer DFS, suggesting that SII may help in identifying patients who benefit from trastuzumab therapy.
Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory
Authors: Wang Yuqian , Orosz Gabor , Chen Xi , Miao Chengguo , Li Yansong
Published: March 2024

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory (Ch-MCOI) in adults from Mainland China. A total of 1121 participants (50.6% male; M = 28.86, SD = 8.70) were recruited for this study. All participants completed the Chinese versions of the MCOI, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS), the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS), the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS-f), and the Competition Attitude Scale (Ch-CAS). A subsample of 239 participants (50.6% male; M = 32.04, SD = 8.13) completed the Ch-MCOI again after a two-week interval to assess test–retest reliability. Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) yielded a four-factor structure (hyper-competitive orientation, self-developmental competitive orientation, anxiety-driven competition avoidance, and lack of interest toward competition), which was further validated by confirmatory factor analyses with a satisfactory fit. Furthermore, test–retest reliability, internal consistency, and convergent and concurrent validity were also acceptable. Our findings suggest that the Ch-MCOI could be a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the adaptive and maladaptive facets of competitive orientations in the Chinese-speaking population.
Association between previous surgical termination of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles of IVF/ICSI: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Tang Hanhan , Zhou Minglian
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of previous surgical termination of pregnancy (STP) on pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing FET cycles of IVF/ICSI. Retrospective cohort study. Reproductive Center of Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital in Lianyungang city. Data were selected from all IVF/ICSI FET cycles performed between January 2014 and December 2020. A total of 761 cycles met the criteria were included in this study. The primary outcome measures were clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. Secondary outcome measures were biochemical pregnancy rate, spontaneous abortion rate, and preterm birth rate. After adjustments for a series of potential confounding factors, the previous STP was an influential factor in reducing FET cycle clinical pregnancy rate compared with women who had not previously undergone STP (OR = 0.614, 95% CI 0.413–0.911, P = 0.016). The effect of the previous STP on the live birth rate was not statistically significant. (OR = 0.745, 95% CI 0.495–1.122, P = 0.159). Also, an increase in the number of previous STPs relative to only 1-time abortion was an independent risk factor in reducing clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate (OR = 0.399,95% CI 0.162–0.982, p = 0.046; OR = 0.32,95% CI 0.119–0.857, p = 0.023). Previous STP was an independent factor contributing to the decline in FET cycle clinical pregnancy rates.
Trigonelline is an NAD+ precursor that improves muscle function during ageing and is reduced in human sarcopenia
Authors: Membrez Mathieu , Migliavacca Eugenia , Christen Stefan , Yaku Keisuke , Trieu Jennifer , Lee Alaina K. , Morandini Francesco , Giner Maria Pilar , Stiner Jade , Makarov Mikhail V. , Garratt Emma S. , Vasiloglou Maria F. , Chanvillard Lucie , Dalbram Emilie , Ehrlich Amy M. , Sanchez-Garcia José Luis , Canto Carles , Karagounis Leonidas G. , Treebak Jonas T. , Migaud Marie E. , Heshmat Ramin , Razi Farideh , Karnani Neerja , Ostovar Afshin , Farzadfar Farshad , Tay Stacey K. H. , Sanders Matthew J. , Lillycrop Karen A. , Godfrey Keith M. , Nakagawa Takashi , Moco Sofia , Koopman René , Lynch Gordon S. , Sorrentino Vincenzo , Feige Jerome N.
Published: March 2024

Mitochondrial dysfunction and low nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels are hallmarks of skeletal muscle ageing and sarcopenia1–3, but it is unclear whether these defects result from local changes or can be mediated by systemic or dietary cues. Here we report a functional link between circulating levels of the natural alkaloid trigonelline, which is structurally related to nicotinic acid4, NAD+ levels and muscle health in multiple species. In humans, serum trigonelline levels are reduced with sarcopenia and correlate positively with muscle strength and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. Using naturally occurring and isotopically labelled trigonelline, we demonstrate that trigonelline incorporates into the NAD+ pool and increases NAD+ levels in Caenorhabditis elegans, mice and primary myotubes from healthy individuals and individuals with sarcopenia. Mechanistically, trigonelline does not activate GPR109A but is metabolized via the nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase/Preiss–Handler pathway5,6 across models. In C. elegans, trigonelline improves mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis, reduces age-related muscle wasting and increases lifespan and mobility through an NAD+-dependent mechanism requiring sirtuin. Dietary trigonelline supplementation in male mice enhances muscle strength and prevents fatigue during ageing. Collectively, we identify nutritional supplementation of trigonelline as an NAD+-boosting strategy with therapeutic potential for age-associated muscle decline.
IFNα induces CCR5 in CD4+ T cells of HIV patients causing pathogenic elevation
Authors: Le Buanec Hélène , Schiavon Valérie , Merandet Marine , How-Kit Alexandre , Song Hongshuo , Bergerat David , Fombellida-Lopez Céline , Bensussan Armand , Bouaziz Jean-David , Burny Arsène , Darcis Gilles , Sajadi Mohammad M. , Kottilil Shyamasundaran , Zagury Daniel , Gallo Robert C.
Published: March 2024

Background

Among people living with HIV, elite controllers (ECs) maintain an undetectable viral load, even without receiving anti-HIV therapy. In non-EC patients, this therapy leads to marked improvement, including in immune parameters, but unlike ECs, non-EC patients still require ongoing treatment and experience co-morbidities. In-depth, comprehensive immune analyses comparing EC and treated non-EC patients may reveal subtle, consistent differences. This comparison could clarify whether elevated circulating interferon-alpha (IFNα) promotes widespread immune cell alterations and persists post-therapy, furthering understanding of why non-EC patients continue to need treatment.

Methods

Levels of IFNα in HIV-infected EC and treated non-EC patients were compared, along with blood immune cell subset distribution and phenotype, and functional capacities in some cases. In addition, we assessed mechanisms potentially associated with IFNα overload.

Results

Treatment of non-EC patients results in restoration of IFNα control, followed by marked improvement in distribution numbers, phenotypic profiles of blood immune cells, and functional capacity. These changes still do not lead to EC status, however, and IFNα can induce these changes in normal immune cell counterparts in vitro. Hypothesizing that persistent alterations could arise from inalterable effects of IFNα at infection onset, we verified an IFNα-related mechanism. The protein induces the HIV coreceptor CCR5, boosting HIV infection and reducing the effects of anti-HIV therapies. EC patients may avoid elevated IFNα following on infection with a lower inoculum of HIV or because of some unidentified genetic factor.

Conclusions

Early control of IFNα is essential for better prognosis of HIV-infected patients.
Early elevated IFNα is a key mediator of HIV pathogenesis
Authors: Buanec Hélène Le , Schiavon Valérie , Merandet Marine , How-Kit Alexandre , Bergerat David , Fombellida-Lopez Céline , Bensussan Armand , Bouaziz Jean-David , Burny Arsène , Darcis Gilles , Song Hongshuo , Sajadi Mohammad M. , Kottilil Shyamasundaran , Gallo Robert C. , Zagury Daniel
Published: March 2024

Background

A complete understanding of the different steps of HIV replication and an effective drug combination have led to modern antiretroviral regimens that block HIV replication for decades, but these therapies are not curative and must be taken for life. “Elite controllers” (ECs) is a term for the 0.5% of HIV-infected persons requiring no antiretroviral therapy, whose status may point the way toward a functional HIV cure. Defining the mechanisms of this control may be key to understanding how to replicate this functional cure in others.

Methods

In ECs and untreated non-EC patients, we compared IFNα serum concentration, distribution of immune cell subsets, and frequency of cell markers associated with immune dysfunction. We also investigated the effect of an elevated dose of IFNα on distinct subsets within dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and CD4+ and CD8 + T cells.

Results

Serum IFNα was undetectable in ECs, but all immune cell subsets from untreated non-EC patients were structurally and functionally impaired. We also show that the altered phenotype and function of these cell subsets in non-EC patients can be recapitulated when cells are stimulated in vitro with high-dose IFNα.

Conclusions

Elevated IFNα is a key mediator of HIV pathogenesis.
Fine-tuning FAM161A gene augmentation therapy to restore retinal function
Authors: Arsenijevic Yvan , Chang Ning , Mercey Olivier , El Fersioui Younes , Koskiniemi-Kuendig Hanna , Joubert Caroline , Bemelmans Alexis-Pierre , Rivolta Carlo , Banin Eyal , Sharon Dror , Guichard Paul , Hamel Virginie , Kostic Corinne
Published: March 2024

For 15 years, gene therapy has been viewed as a beacon of hope for inherited retinal diseases. Many preclinical investigations have centered around vectors with maximal gene expression capabilities, yet despite efficient gene transfer, minimal physiological improvements have been observed in various ciliopathies. Retinitis pigmentosa-type 28 (RP28) is the consequence of bi-allelic null mutations in the FAM161A, an essential protein for the structure of the photoreceptor connecting cilium (CC). In its absence, cilia become disorganized, leading to outer segment collapses and vision impairment. Within the human retina, FAM161A has two isoforms: the long one with exon 4, and the short one without it. To restore CC in Fam161a-deficient mice shortly after the onset of cilium disorganization, we compared AAV vectors with varying promoter activities, doses, and human isoforms. While all vectors improved cell survival, only the combination of both isoforms using the weak FCBR1-F0.4 promoter enabled precise FAM161A expression in the CC and enhanced retinal function. Our investigation into FAM161A gene replacement for RP28 emphasizes the importance of precise therapeutic gene regulation, appropriate vector dosing, and delivery of both isoforms. This precision is pivotal for secure gene therapy involving structural proteins like FAM161A.
“Feather-duster” like ZnIn2S4/TiO2 heterostructured nanocomposites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Li Lei , Li Jingru , Wang Fang , Cao Chun-Shuai , Gui Jianzhou , Kuvarega Alex T. , Mamba Bhekie B. , Liu Dan
Published: March 2024

The ZnIn2S4/TiO2 heterostructures show an increased surface area and strengthened interface contacts, facilitating efficient photogenerated carrier separation and leading to high photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation.
Assessing the performance of MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA methods. 10. Prediction reliability of binding affinities and binding poses for RNA–ligand complexes
Authors: Jiang Dejun , Du Hongyan , Zhao Huifeng , Deng Yafeng , Wu Zhenxing , Wang Jike , Zeng Yundian , Zhang Haotian , Wang Xiaorui , Wang Ercheng , Hou Tingjun , Hsieh Chang-Yu
Published: March 2024

The first study to evaluate the capability of MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA to predict the binding affinities and recognize the near-native binding poses for RNA-ligand systems.
Chemical properties of superatomic Li3O clusters from a density functional theory perspective: formation of chloride and adsorption behavior on graphynes
Authors: Wang Xiao , Zhang Meng , Cao Wei
Published: March 2024

The superatom identity of the Li3O cluster is studied by density functional theory. Li3O can mimic a Na atom in the electronic configuration and maintain this mimicry when bonding with halogen element atoms and adsorbing on graphynes.
Coincidence measurements of photodouble ionization of benzene and thiophene
Authors: Wong Nicholas L. , Howard Jason , Delaney Ben , Sokell Emma , Bolognesi Paola , Avaldi Lorenzo
Published: March 2024

Equal energy sharing PEPECO measurements at 10 and 20 eV yielded photodouble ionization triple-differential cross sections for C6H6 and C5H5S, which were characterized by a new multi-Gaussian fit method based on He to allow a molecular comparison.
Nanochemistry of gold: from surface engineering to dental healthcare applications
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Kong Na , Wang Zezheng , Zhang Yangheng , Ni Can , Li Lingjun , Wang Hongbin , Yang Min , Yang Wenrong , Yan Fuhua
Published: March 2024

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest nanochemistry advancements in the design, synthesis, and utilization of engineered gold nanostructures (GNSs) for dental healthcare applications.
Effect of porphyrin ligands on the catalytic CH4 oxidation activity of monocationic μ-nitrido-bridged iron porphyrinoid dimers by using H2O2 as an oxidant
Authors: Yamada Yasuyuki , Miwa Yusuke , Toyoda Yuka , Uno Yoshiki , Phung Quan Manh , Tanaka Kentaro
Published: March 2024

Catalytic methane and ethane oxidation activities by μ-nitrido-bridged iron porphyrinoid dimers containing one or two porphyrins in aqueous solutions containing excess H2O2 were compared with those by a μ-nitrido-bridged iron phthalocyanine dimer.
Long-term intake of thermo-induced oxidized oil results in anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors: involvement of microglia and astrocytes
Authors: Lu Meishan , Shi Jiachen , Li Xue , Liu Yanjun , Liu Yuanfa
Published: March 2024

Frequent consumption of fried foods has been strongly associated with a higher risk of anxiety and depression, particularly among young individuals.
Synergy enhancement and signal uncertainty of magnetic-spatial confinement in fiber-optic laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Li Jinghui , Wu Jian , Shi Mingxin , Qiu Yan , Zhou Ying , Sun Hao , Guo Xinyu , Wu Di , Hang Yuhua , Yang Hailiang , Li Xingwen
Published: March 2024

The synergy enhancement of magnetic-spatial confinement using a bar magnet pair was applied to fiber-optic laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (FO-LIBS).
The introduction of gallium ions into V2O5 interlayers for highly reversible Zn ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Ming , Li Shilong , Wu Xiang , Abdukader Abdukayum
Published: March 2024

We prepare Ga3+ intercalated V2O5 nanobelts by a simple hydrothermal route. The assembled Zn//V2O5–0.1Ga cell delivers a discharge capacity of 512.07 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. It maintains 91.43% of the original capacity at 10 A g−1 after 5000 cycles.
Design and synthesis of berberine loaded nano-hydroxyapatite/gelatin scaffold for bone cancer treatment
Authors: Khajavi Sajjad , Bahraminasab Marjan , Arab Samaneh , Talebi Athar , Kokhaei Parviz , Abdoos Hassan
Published: March 2024

A tissue engineered BBR-loaded nano-HA/gelatin scaffold, as a local drug delivery system, was developed with the aim to be implanted after surgery for osteosarcoma treatment, mimicking the natural tissue ECM, and releasing BBR as an anticancer drug.
Efficient aerobic oxidative esterification of furfural to methylfuroate over Au/Al2O3 catalysts in base-free medium
Authors: Tian Junying , Cheng Xiaowei , Liu Guoqi , Ren Zhiyong , Wang Yifan , Wei Tao , Zhang Dongqiang , Guo Yongle
Published: March 2024

Oxidative esterification of furfural to methylfuroate in base-free medium was conducted efficiently over an Au/Al2O3 catalyst.
3D interconnected polymer/mesoporous silica nanoparticle hybrid materials with hierarchical macro/meso-structures for heavy metal adsorption
Authors: Park Jae-Seo , Sunwoo Young , Chakraborty Debabrata , Gunathilake Chamila , Du Yanhai , Cho Eun-Bum
Published: March 2024

This work offers nanohybrid structures for heavy metal ion adsorption from water, which include a unique 3D cross-linked structure that combines organic polymer chains with mesoporous materials to improve adsorption efficiency.
Biomaterial-based combinatorial approach of aescin-comprised zein-coated gelatin nanoparticles alleviates synovial inflammation in experimental inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Jori Chandrashekhar , Ansari Md. Meraj , Ahmad Anas , Ali Nemat , Raza Syed Shadab , Khan Rehan
Published: March 2024

A schematic representation of collagen-induced rheumatoiad arthritis (RA) before and after treatment.
Controlling glass forming kinetics in 2D perovskites using organic cation isomers
Authors: Singh Akash , Xie Yi , Adams Curtis , Bobay Benjamin G. , Mitzi David B.
Published: March 2024

The melting properties and kinetics of glass formation in 2D perovskites can be finely tuned using isomeric organic cations bearing distinct substitutional functional group positions, resulting in enhancement of glass-crystalline switching speed.
Green transformation of biomass-derived Indian gooseberry into fluorescent intrinsic nitrogen-functionalized carbon quantum dots for real-time detection of vitamin B2 in the nanomolar range
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Bhattacharya Mily , Maity Banibrata
Published: March 2024

Selective and specific detection of vitamin B2 with a fluorescent nanoprobe synthesized using a green methodology.
Multiplex detection of bacterial pathogens by PCR/SERS assay
Authors: Lyu Nana , Potluri Phani Rekha , Rajendran Vinoth Kumar , Wang Yuling , Sunna Anwar
Published: March 2024

Integrating PCR with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (PCR/SERS) demonstrated multiplex detection of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens (P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and M. smegmatis) in a simple, sensitive and specific manner.
Establishment and application of a gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic test strip for the detection of avian leukosis virus P27 antigen in egg white samples
Authors: Wei Chunhao , Kuang Hua , Xu Xinxin , Guo Lingling , Qu Aihua , Wu Aihong , Xu Chuanlai , Liu Liqiang
Published: March 2024

A gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic test strip for the detection of avian leukosis virus P27 antigen in egg white samples.
Novel application of imidazole-based ligand-templated borates in a zinc–air battery
Authors: Deng Yan-Ling , Chen An-Na , Xin Shu-Sheng , Pan Chun-Yang
Published: March 2024

Two imidazole-based ligand-templated borates have been synthesized, which exhibit excellent ORR properties with an E1/2 value of 0.84 V and can be well applied in zinc–air batteries.
Pd-catalysed synthesis of oxomalonamides through adjacent triple carbonylation of tertiary amines
Authors: Lokolkar Manjunath S. , Jagtap Prafull A. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: March 2024

The first Pd-catalysed oxidative triple carbonylation of tertiary amine towards oxomalonamide synthesis through N-dealkylative carbonylation of stable tertiary amine.
Primer exchange reaction-coupled transcription isothermal amplification as a sensitive biomolecular assay
Authors: Son Jinseo , Kim Seok Hyeon , Cha Byung Seok , Lee Eun Sung , Kim Seokjoon , Park Ki Soo
Published: March 2024

A strategy combining the primer exchange reaction with transcription isothermal amplification, termed PER-Trap, is developed as a sensitive biomolecular assay.
Dioxane promoted photochemical O-alkylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds beyond carbene insertion into C–H and C–C bonds
Authors: Zhou Xinlong , Jiang Jingjing , Zhang Min , Wu Qingqing , Zhu Keyong , Shi Dongjie , Hou Sensen , Zhao Jingjing , Li Pan
Published: March 2024

1,4-Dioxane promoted O-alkylation of various 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds beyond previous carbene insertion into C–H and C–C bonds has been disclosed.
Strongly reducing helical phenothiazines as recyclable organophotoredox catalysts
Authors: Ando Haru , Takamura Hiroyoshi , Kadota Isao , Tanaka Kenta
Published: March 2024

Recyclable phenothiazine organophotoredox catalysts (PTHS 1–3, E1/2ox* = −2.34 to −2.40 V vs. SCE) have been developed.
Unraveling the electronic structure of LuH, LuN, and LuNH: building blocks of new materials
Authors: Almeida Nuno M. S. , Welch Bradley K. , North Sasha C. , Wilson Angela K.
Published: March 2024

The discrepancy in single reference versus multireference guess orbitals in the strongly correlated LuN.
Photochemical formation of the elusive Dewar isomers of aromatic systems: why are substituted azaborines different?
Authors: Arpa Enrique M. , Stafström Sven , Durbeej Bo
Published: March 2024

Quantum-chemical calculations combined with molecular-dynamics simulations reveal mechanisms for improving the quantum yields by which aromatic compounds form their non-aromatic Dewar isomers, with potential implications in solar-energy storage.
A microporous bismuth-based MOF for efficient separation of acetylene from carbon dioxide
Authors: Xing Bo , Yang Shan-Qing , Zhang Qiang , Hu Tong-Liang
Published: March 2024

A Bi–MOF (Bi–BTC) has higher absorption amount for C2H2 compared to CO2, showing an excellent adsorption selectivity. Both experimental and computational results indicate Bi–BTC can be a candidate adsorbent for challenging gas mixtures separation.
Rethinking nitrate reduction: redirecting electrochemical efforts from ammonia to nitrogen for realistic environmental impacts
Authors: Huang Hao , Peramaiah Karthik , Huang Kuo-Wei
Published: March 2024

Electrochemical NO3− reduction to NH3 is insignificant for practical applications. Instead, NO3− contaminants should be converted into N2, recycled into NO3− chemicals, or coupled with CO2 reduction to produce value-added fertilizers if applicable.
Highly radiation-resistant Al-MOF selected based on the radiation stability rules of metal–organic frameworks with ultra-high thorium ion adsorption capacity
Authors: Ding Xiaofan , Zhang Zhanjun , Li Xinyan , Ma Ke , Jin Tiantian , Feng Zhaoning , Lan Tian , Zhao Jing , Xiao Songtao
Published: March 2024

Al-MOF synthesized based on MOF irradiation stability rules exhibits high stability against β-irradiation and ultra-high thorium adsorption capacity, which proves its huge potential application value in the field of radionuclide adsorption.
N-heterocyclic carbene and photocatalyst-catalyzed rapid access to indole ketones via radical C(sp3)–H acylation
Authors: Nie Guihua , Tu Ting , Liao Tianhui , Liu Donghan , Ye Wenjun , Ren Shi-Chao
Published: March 2024

Carbene and photocatalyst-catalyzed rapid access to indole ketones via radical C(sp3)–H acylation.
Valorization of plastic waste via chemical activation and carbonization into activated carbon for functional material applications
Authors: Blanchard Rachel , Mekonnen Tizazu H.
Published: March 2024

This review analyzes plastic carbonization with respect to existing utilization methods and details its use for production of activated carbon.
Preparation of Mg, Ca, or Sr-included mesoporous silica from glass bottle waste for recovery of rare earth metal elements
Authors: Takei Takahiro , Takimoto Kousuke , Takabayashi Tomohiro , Saito Norio , Kumada Nobuhiro
Published: March 2024

This paper suggests new uses for colored waste bottle glass. Silica was hydrothermally extracted and the mesoporous silica including alkali-earth metal elements was synthesized which have great ion exchangeability for rare earth metal cations.
Novel fused pyran derivatives induce apoptosis and target cell cycle progression in anticancer efficacy against multiple cell lines
Authors: Fabitha K. , Kallingal Anoop , Maciejewska Natalia , Arya C. G. , Chandrakanth Munugala , Thomas Neethu Mariam , Li Yupeng , Gondru Ramesh , Munikumar Manne , Banothu Janardhan
Published: March 2024

Nitrogen-based heterocycles substituted fused pyran derivatives (6a–e, 8a–e, 10a–e, 12a–e, & 14a–e) have been synthesized and tested for their in vitro anticancer efficacies against MCF7, A549, and HCT116 cancer cell lines.
H2O/D2O as the only H/D source for photocatalytic phosphine-mediated radical transfer hydrogenation/deuteration of α-aryl imino esters
Authors: Zhong Yao , Li Xinhan , Zhao Xiaohan , Fan Ruifeng , Xu Jianbin , Fan Baomin
Published: March 2024

A method for the transfer hydrogenation of α-aryl imino esters using photocatalytic water as the sole hydrogen source has been developed. The substrate is wildely applicable and the yield is up to 99%.
Elucidating the deactivation mechanism of beta zeolite catalyzed linear alkylbenzene production with oxygenated organic compound contaminated feedstocks
Authors: Xing Shiyong , Liu Xiaofei , Cui Yan , Zhao Yuehua , Chen Ziheng , Xiang Sigui , Han Minghan
Published: March 2024

Oxygenated organic compounds are detrimental to the zeolite catalyzed linear alkylbenzene production, which is mainly due to their firm adsorption on the acid sites.