bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faith and Fiction: The Novels of Callaghan and Hood
Authors: Pell Barbara Helen
Published: January 2017

This article concerns the problems of dramatizing a religious vision in the realistic novel. Morley Callaghan’s fiction has always demonstrated a strong Christian humanism. After an early flirtation with naturalism, he turned to the doctrines of Jacques Maritain and has developed an increasingly complex treatment of the tension between the sacred and the secular. Hugh Hood’s solution to the problem is to redefine the fictional form to convey his orthodox Christian vision. He has explored the parable, the romance, the realistic novel and the fantasy-satire; in The New Age he attempts to combine the modes of the realistic novel and the Christian allegory. The results, only partially successful, demonstrate again the internal tensions in the religious novel.
“Travels of My Soul”: Henry Alline’s Autobiography
Authors: Scott Jamie S.
Published: January 2017

The Life and Journal of the Rev. Mr. Henry Alline has been compared to such celebrated spiritual autobiographies as John Bunyan’s Grace Abounding and Jonathan Edwards’s Personal Narrative, yet there is no full critical treatment of this classic of early Nova Scotian literature. This paper aims to provide such a treatment. Arguing for a hermeneutical theory of autobiography, the paper carries the significance of Alline’s work for the contemporary reader beyond literary critical formalism on the one hand, and on the other, beyond theological or psychological reductionism. The narrative’s relation to selfhood and selfhood’s relation to the culture at large are explored in a close reading of the several dimensions of meaning at once embodied and expressed in what is perhaps the first full account of Canadian spiritual experience.
Fourth World Education in Canada and the faltering Promise of Native Teacher Education Programs
Authors: Allison Derek J.
Published: January 2017

The fourth world consists of the minority indigenous populations who have been displaced from their aboriginal lands by settler peoples. The legitimate educational needs of fourth world children are usually poorly met by the established authorities. In Canada, the situation has been further complicated by legal and administrative divisions amongst the fourth world populations which have prevented the development of appropriate educational structures and consistent educational policies. Recent developments have prompted a number of reforms in Native education. Currently there is broad recognition of at least three basic policy objectives: positive reinforcement of the fourth world child’s native identity; equal educational opportunity and attainment for native students as measured by national students; and full participation in and, where desired, control by Native communities over the provision of educational services. Although the structures and process necessary for the realization of these objectives are still evolving, considerable progress appears to have been made in the establishment of specialized Native teacher education programs. Most of these, however, are designed to allow Native people to attain the necessary qualifications to obtain employment as teachers, rather than to graduate excellent teachers of Native students. The two objectives are not necessarily incompatible. Nevertheless, the majority of current Native teacher education programs may not be able to make as substantial a contribution to the improvement of Native schooling as could be wished.
The Canadian Indian Lobby of Westminster 1979-1982
Authors: Woodward Michael , George Bruce
Published: January 2017

This article analyses the activities of the Canadian native lobby of Westminster which opposed patriation of the British North America Act. It explores the positive and negative roles played both by specific native associations and by British parliamentarians and jurists. While acknowledging the failure of the lobby’s ultimate objective, the paper suggests that the events surrounding patriation have emphatically launched Canadian native politics onto the world stage, helping also to clarify and refine native concepts of self-government and sovereignty in an international context.
Jobs and Access—A Northern Dilemma
Authors: Bone Robert M. , Green Milford B.
Published: January 2017

Development strategies for northern Canada have powerful implications for native peoples and their way of life. Much of the concern about northern development has centred on the impact of the wage economy upon these peoples. While most recognized that the need for cash income to satisfy the growing needs of the urban native can best be met by wage income, opinions expressed at the public hearings of the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline and the Norman Wells Oil Development and Pipeline Project focused on the rate of development and the capacity of native society to adjust to the social changes associated with a modern wage economy. In this paper, the importance of wage employment in 32 accessible and remote Métis communities in northern Saskatchewan is examined. These two types of settlements vary in terms of accessibility to the modern industrial economy and the traditional native economy. The authors explore the notion that wage income differs by type of community because of differences in the level of dependency upon the wage economy.
The Future of Parties—Inevitable … Obsolete?
Authors: Lyon Vaughan
Published: January 2017

Political elites do appear to place an unwarranted value on the existing party system, a value which has limited and continues to limit the reform agenda in Canada. This overvaluation, in turn, leads analysts to deemphasize the dysfunctional aspects of party performance. As a result, the few attempts to reform the system in ways which would open it up to wider participation have been inadequate in scope and have received little support from influentials. As a result, the formal representative system has become archaic. It may be that the present party monopoly over so many political functions is unavoidable, that there is no better way to organize citizen input and government. This is unproven, however, and ideas for reform, such as the establishment of community parliaments, which could lead to some of the present functions of parties being performed better, warrant serious consideration.
Enlistment in the Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914-1918: A Regional Analysis
Authors: Sharpe C.A.
Published: January 2017

This paper examines provincial patterns of involvement in various components of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. The patterns are based on estimates of the size of the provincial manpower pools more accurate than those used in previous discussions. The enlistment rates presented here therefore differ in some respects from those normally reported. Several possible explanations for variations in the provincial rates of enlistment, conscription, overseas service and fatalities are discussed. Enlistment by province of birth is compared with the more commonly employed data giving province of enlistment to provide a more accurate picture of the origin of the men of the CEF.
The Canadian Hospital in the Nineteenth Century: An Historiographic Lament
Authors: Shortt S.E.D.
Published: January 2017

The social history of the nineteenth-century Canadian hospital has yet to be written. In this paper the author considers the shortcomings of existing Canadian historiography, reviews important themes found in recent British and American historiography, and suggests the manner in which such insights may be applied to the Canadian experience. The major themes reviewed are the inaccurate reputation of hospitals as repositories of disease, the predominance of moral over physical therapy, and the crucial role played by hospitals in medical professionalization. The paper concludes with several brief suggestions for future research.
The Bloc Populaire Canadien: Anatomy of Failure, 1942-1947
Authors: Behiels Michael
Published: January 2017

The chances of the Bloc Populaire making a political breakthrough in either the provincial election of 1944 or the federal election of 1945 were undermined very severely by an internal dispute involving questions of power, organization and conflicting ideologies and personalities. From the outset the movement was racked by an imbroglio between the founding members. On the one side stood Maxime Raymond, Edouard Lacroix and Pierre Gauthier, who espoused the Henri Bourassa school of French-Canadian nationalism — anti-imperialist, pan-Canadian and socially-conservative. On the other side were René Chaloult, Paul Gouin and Philippe Hamel, who claimed that they had the right to control the Quebec wing of the Bloc and to lead the struggle against the traitor of the nationalist movement, Maurice Duplessis. They aspired to create a powerful Quebec state to enable the French-Canadian nation to pursue its socio-economic and political liberation. When Raymond refused to acquiesce to the trio’s demand to share power they quit the movement and made their disagreement public, thereby seriously damaging the Bloc’s prospects.
Bankrupt Government Policies and Belligerent Fishermen Responses: Dependency and Conflict in the Southwest Nova Scotia Small Boat Fisheries
Authors: DAVIS ANTHONY , KASDAN LEONARD
Published: January 2017

Despite massive federal/provincial government financial and policy interventions in the Atlantic Canadian Fisheries, relations between small boat fishermen and various levels of the state are rife with a pervasive alienation, distrust and conflict. This essay examines attributes and consequences of state intervention in the fisheries. Small boat fishermen’s increasing dependence on state-controlled resources and the non-consultative bureaucratic style of government are considered to be primary factors intensifying alienation, distrust and conflict. Two cases of conflict in Southwest Nova Scotia are described and discussed in order to illustrate the attributes and processes associated with this condition.
Floundering in Troubled Waters: The Political Economy of the Atlantic Fishery and the Task Force on Atlantic Fisheries
Authors: BARRETT GENE , DAVIS ANTHONY
Published: January 2017

Mired in yet another economic crisis, the Atlantic Canadian commercial fisheries are undergoing a reorganization of immense proportions and far-reaching consequences. This essay examines the analysis of the industry and the blueprint for reorganization advanced by the Task Force on Atlantic Fisheries in their final report, Navigating Troubled Waters: A New Policy for the Atlantic Fisheries. The basic assumptions and intellectual perspectives of the Task Force concerning the causal elements precipitating the economic crisis are revealed and challenged. Moreover, the essay shows that the Task Force ignored the implications of its own data in order to arrive at desired conclusions concerning the necessity of fisheries development policy to genuflect in the direction of industrial capitalist imperatives.
The Co-op Strategy
Authors: HAYWARD BRIAN
Published: January 2017

Fishermen’s co-operatives began in the late 1920s and 1930s as a means by which fishermen could get better prices for their fish. The co-operatives also enabled them to circumvent controls and ties with cannery processors. The strategy was most successful for those whose fishing methods produced products peripheral to the market orientation of cannery processors. Since the late 1960s the nature of fishermen’s co-operatives has changed. Now their involvement in both production and marketing of all fishery products puts them directly in competition with company processors. As a consequence the interests of co-op fishermen are in conflict with those of the unionized shoreplant workers as well as union affiliated fishermen . The major impetus for fishermen to be affiliated with co-ops today is not to avoid private processing companies per se, but to avoid the industrial militancy of a largely unionized shoreplant workforce in the private companies, as well as among a large portion of the salmon net fishing fleet. The paper describes the emergence and development of the fishermen’s co-operatives and examines the reasons for their difference today.
State, Capital and Debt in the British Columbia Fishing Fleet, 1970-1982
Authors: McMULLAN JOHN L.
Published: January 2017

The federal state has been a partner to capital in the fisheries through both its control of capture rights and intervention in the disposal of the captured resource. This paper examines another aspect of state-capital relations: financial control. Until the early 1970s fishermen were financed through a paternalistic system operated by the processing companies. Since that time, the processors have largely given way to the banks as major creditors to whom individual fishermen are indebted, and the level of indebtedness has increased dramatically. The banks entered these relationships with the backing of federal government loan plans. In fact, the government was simultaneously restricting fishing rights and supporting the growth in capacity by financing the purchase and construction of larger vessels. This paper examines these dual policies and their impact on the B.C. fisheries.
A.M. Klein: du poète et de ses rapports avec le Québec français
Authors: ANCTIL PIERRE
Published: January 2017

Klein résida toute sa vie adulte à Monréal, sauf pour une interruption de quelques mois. Le poète se sentit d’ailleurs toujours très attaché à la communauté juive de la ville, qu’il servit de plusieurs façons, en plus de mener une carrière littéraire trés personnelle. A un moment ou l’autre de sa vie Klein dut toutefois se porter à la rencontre de la société francophone de Montréal, qui imprimait son rythme à la ville et avait tant marqué son histoire. Le dernier recueil de poèmes de Klein, The Rocking Chair and Other Poems (1948), fut l’occasion d’une telle rencontre entre l’héritage judaïque du poète et le milieu franco-catholique ambiant. Dans cet article, l’auteur tente de montrer que cet effort de rapprochement coïncïda chez Klein avec une réorientation profonde de la communauté juive, et qui eut lieu juste après la fin de la deuxième guerre mondiale. Klein fut done à l’avant-garde de tout un mouvement de bonne volonté à l’endroit des francophones, qui rompit sur le plan des relations interethniques avec l’époque tendue des années vingt et trente et perdure jusqu’à ce jour.
Klein, Montreal, and Mankind
Authors: BENTLEY D.M.R.
Published: January 2017

The Rocking Chair and Other Poems (1948) is a manifestation of A.M. Klein’s profound humanism. Revealing a consciousness of human values and human limitations, the poems in the volume constitute a search for balance between the demands of the individual and the demands of the collectivity. Dialectical in structure, The Rocking Chair contains several groups of related poems, for example the personal poems of the Mount Royal group and the empathetic series of French-Canadian character portraits near the end of the collection. Such groupings are also interrelated in a volume that reveals many unities, including a unity of technique, a unity of theme, and a unity of place (Montreal). When seen as a whole, The Rocking Chair permits a recognition of the depth, complexity, and coherence of Klein’s humanistic concerns.
A.M. Klein and the Condition of Being Jewish
Authors: Walsh William
Published: January 2017

Klein’s sensibility and creative achievement were shaped by the fact of his being Jewish and this is as true of The Rocking Chair as it is of his explicitly Jewish works. Klein’s Jewishness has little to do with his faith or lack of it: it is more a matter of feeling part of a complex tradition which is at once brimming with life and threatened by external hostility. Klein’s characteristic notes of tenderness and toughness grow out of his relationship with this tradition, as does his ability, especially in The Rocking Chair, to evoke a rich social and cultural context out of precisely delineated objects and individuals.
Filling Gaps in the Military Past: Recent Developments in Canadian Official History
Authors: DOUGLAS W.A.B.
Published: January 2017

Official histories of Canadian military affairs, often superb, have suffered from neglect in some political and military quarters. C.P. Stacey, who successfully fought through the army’s history in the face of retrenchment after the Second World War, came out of retirement in 1964 to form an integrated Directorate of History and to fill gaps in the history of the navy, of the air force and of war policies. Building on Stacey’s foundation his successors, enjoying support from the Department of National Defence, have added their own innovations and developed a thriving programme of full, scholarly accounts to record Canada’s military past.
Declining Single-Industry Communities in Quebec-Labrador, 1979-1983
Authors: BRADBURY JOHN H.
Published: January 2017

In the post-1950s period, a total of five mining towns and two port cities developed in the Quebec-Labrador region as a result of iron mining and ore processing. For the most part townsites experienced positive growth as a result of long-term expansionary trends in the regional and global steel industry. After 1975 (circa), however, several townsites experienced a period of economic stagnation and decline as the global steel industry entered a downswing, culminating in the permanent closure of Schefferville in 1983 and severe recessions in all the others. This paper presents conducted in these towns between 1979 and 1983 in the period of stagnation. Information is presented on stages of community stability, the effects of decline in investment, and changes in annual and seasonal migration patterns within the regional labour shed. It also discusses changes in both municipal and housing policy, and the impact on housing stock and equity of the 1980s economic downswing in the industry.
Canadian Strategic Minerals and United States Military Potential
Authors: HAGLUND DAVID G.
Published: January 2017

This article examines the extent to which the military potential of the United States can be said to be contingent upon access to Canadian strategic minerals. In the first part of the article, the concepts of "strategic mineral" and "military potential" are analyzed; in the second, the author examines the pattern of Canadian-American trade in what he argues have been the three most important strategic minerals: nickel, oil, and uranium. He concludes that, contrary to much of what has been written from the "resource-nationalist" perspective, the United States is actually less dependent upon Canadian strategic-mineral exports today than at any other time in the post-World War II decades.
Explaining Regional Development in Atlantic Canada: A Review Essay
Authors: CANNON JAMES B.
Published: January 2017

Explanations of regional development are profoundly influenced by the adoption of particular conceptual frameworks. This paper offers a critique of work which has attempted to explain Atlantic regional development from broadly conceived liberal and Marxist perspectives. The review indicates that a satisfactory explanation of the Atlantic region’s development experience remains problematic and that alternative forms of explanation can contribute to increased understanding of the regional development process.
Collectivity and Individual Right in “Mainstream” Liberalism: John Arthur Roebuck and the Patriotes
Authors: AJZENSTAT JANET
Published: January 2017

Social scientists today commonly argue that "mainstream" liberal thought has failed to recognize the strength and value of collective allegiances and minority ways of life in modern society. I suggest here that the mainstream position did not stem from an inability to assess the value of minorities, but from the belief that thorough-going social heterogeneity is incompatible with individual freedom and social justice, and I argue that this idea is too often forgotten in the current debate. To recapture it, I focus on John Arthur Roebuck’s suggestion in the 1830s that the ambitions of the French Canadians could only be furthered by assimilation. What lends Roebuck’s pronouncement peculiar interest is that it was made in the name of the parti patriote.
Canada, the Developing Countries and the International Economy: What Next?
Authors: Helleiner G.K.
Published: January 2017

Canadian policy on economic relations with developing countries has not lived up to the rhetoric of its leaders or the self-image of many of its citizens. The Canadian aid programme falls short of comparable other programmes in terms of alleviating poverty and promoting development. In international trade and finance Canadian positions towards the developing countries are undistinguished. Current international circumstances require fresh initiatives towards the restoration of a healthy global economy. In the absence of leadership from traditional sources, middle powers in the North and the South may be the best hope. Canada could join with others also dependent upon a healthy world economy in developing new negotiating initiatives in trade, finance, and North-South relations.
Hemispheric Relations in the 1980s: A Perspective from Canada
Authors: DOSMAN EDGAR J.
Published: January 2017

The last decade has witnessed growing Canadian interest in Latin America and the Caribbean. Linkages with the region have accelerated, and political relations with the major Latin countries, the so-called Latin "middle powers," have broadened and deepened. In this context hemispheric relations have emerged as an area of greater priority in Canadian foreign policy, and there have been increasing efforts to develop a comprehensive approach from the existing patchwork of partial policies. This challenge has coincided with the onset of the debt crisis, economic depression, and the upheavals in Central America. While the framework for a coherent Canadian hemispheric policy can be discerned, only partial success has been achieved in its implementation.
Pandora’s Box and Female Survival: Margaret Atwood’s Bodily Harm
Authors: RUBENSTEIN ROBERTA
Published: January 2017

Margaret Atwood’s Bodily Harm (1981) is a feminist, existential study of the relation between women and patriarchy. Having recently undergone a partial mastectomy, the protagonist Rennie Wilcox is vulnerable and disaffected. She becomes unwittingly involved in political events on Caribbean islands where she goes to escape from her deteriorating personal life in Canada. The narrative is structured through parallels in event and symbol, including doubled figures of doctors and grandmothers. Hands and “faceless strangers” are other important images of both connection and alienation between people. Cancer functions as a scourge of the body and a metaphor for such diseases of the body politic as violence, pornography, and sadism. Through these doublings as well as allusion to the mythical Pandora, Atwood establishes correspondences between female guilt, power, victimization, and moral responsibility. Ultimately, Rennie discovers her complicity in female victimization and transcends her crippling self-contempt.
The Process of Definition: Nationality in Sara Jeannette Duncan’s Early International Novels
Authors: DEAN MISAO
Published: January 2017

Sara Jeannette Duncan’s international novels display her consistent concern with defining a unique Canadian nationality. For Duncan, that nationality is founded on the reconciliation of British tradition and American freedom which results in an ideal of social freedom within traditional bounds. She begins the process of defining Canadians by defining typical Americans and Britons in An American Girl in London, A Voyage of Consolation, A Daughter of Today and Those Deligh1ful Americans; the typical characters in these novels are all crippled, in some way, by personality traits which arise from their nationality. In the later novels, notably Cousin Cinderella, Duncan creates an ideal of Canadian capable of judging Britain and the United States and bringing them into harmony.
Word Power: Women and Prose in Canada Today
Authors: WISEMAN ADELE
Published: January 2017

This paper, after establishing that literature and folk wisdom have always recognized, in a back-handed way, the literary gifts of women, examines and suggests some reasons, personal and historical, for the post-World War II explosion of excellence among women writing in Canada, particularly in poetry and fiction. The personal cost to the first generation of women writers, of their exceptional professional achievement, is also suggested, through an examination of some relevant statistics.
The Mad Trapper in Literature and Film
Authors: JENNINGS JOHN
Published: January 2017

Albert Johnson, the so-called Map Trapper of Rat River, has become a Canadian legend. His actions in the winter of 1932-33 led to the most exciting manhunt in Canadian history. Before he was finally gunned down by his pursuers, he had killed one Mounted Policeman and seriously wounded two other men. No one yet knows who he was or what his motives were, and in Canadian folklore he has become both a figure of great mystery and a symbol of extraordinary endurance. Since his death he has become the subject of a number of songs, poems, articles, books, and, finally, a movie. This paper deals with the attempts in both literature and film to capture this elusive legend.
Sun Oil Company and Great Canadian Oil Sands Ltd.: The Financing and Management of a “Pioneer” Enterprise, 1962-1974
Authors: TAYLOR GRAHAM D.
Published: January 2017

This paper traces the development of the Athabasca tar sands by Great Canadian Oil Sands Ltd. during the 1960s, focusing on the relationship between that company and its American parent firm, Sun Oil. As a “pioneering” venture in a remote and difficult environment, using a novel technology and requiring heavy capital investment, GCOS was largely under the direct control of Sun throughout this period, even though the basic technology had been developed by Canadians and the Alberta government encouraged local participation in the undertaking. The degree of parent firm control was the result of a number of factors, in particular the need for constant financial aid to meet unexpected and continuing costs in the initial stages of the venture, and the role of Sun’s domineering chief executive, J. Howard Pew, who took a personal and persistent interest in tar sands development.
The Pet Bank, the Local State and the Imperial Centre, 1850-1864
Authors: BASKERVILLE P.A.
Published: January 2017

Both local financial institutions and the local Canadian government played major roles in making possible British investment into Upper Canada. The colonial agents or collaborators for British political and financial interests were. however, more than mere pawns. Within the context of financial relations, this paper explores the possibilities for human agency at the periphery.
Business History as Public History: One of Canada’s Infant Industries
Authors: McDOWALL DUNCAN
Published: January 2017

Corporate history can be more than a public relations exercise in building corporate culture through anecdotes and loose historical narrative. The past inability of business history to win a legitimate place in both the business and academic worlds reflects the double bind in which business historians frequently find themselves. Treated to academic scepticism and unwelcomed by the business community, the business historian in Canada is very much an academic orphan. Better corporate history will emerge only when and if Canadian business as a whole displays a greater intellectual curiosity about its origins and offers a more helping hand to its practitioners. The academic community must also acknowledge a role that allows it to rise above the status of hagiography and ideological whipping boy.
‘Corporate’ Strategy and Locational Decision-Making: The Duke-Price Alcoa Merger, 1925
Authors: Igartua José E.
Published: January 2017

This paper examines the origins of American investment in the hydro resources of the Saguenay region of Quebec in the first quarter of the twentieth century. By tracing the origins of the 1925 merger between Alcoa and the Duke interests, which led to the establishment of the aluminium industry in the Saguenay, it shows how regional economic development was dependent upon investment decisions made by heads of multinational enterprises. The paper focuses on Duke’s efforts to find suitable industrial uses for the tremendous power potential of the hydro sites he acquired on the Saguenay River in 1913, and in particular upon his plans for producing aluminium. It also examines the strategy followed by Alcoa’s president, Arthur Vining Davis, in preserving his company’s monopoly position in North America. The story also provides some insight into the process of “corporaie” investment decision-making.
Mackenzie King’s Spiritualism and His View of Hitler in 1939
Authors: KEYSERLINGK ROBERT H.
Published: January 2017

Scholars have usually divided King’s spiritualism from his public political life. The former has been a source of serious embarrassment and has been held to have had little effect on his public career. This article tries to show that King’s spiritualism was not as strange or unique as is usually held, and that it should not be hived off from his public life. If taken more seriously, King’s spiritualism helps to explain his benevolent, poetic interpretation of Adolf Hitler. In the summer of 1939 King’s view of Hitler was especially influenced by Wagnerian insights.
The State of a Reputation: Bédard as Constitutionalist
Authors: FINLAY JOHN L.
Published: January 2017

The recent interpretation of Bédard, as by Ouellet, seeing him as the first exponent of responsible government, raises awkward questions. Rather, Bédard was wedded to an older constitutional theory, such as that expounded by Cobbett. Previous studies of Bédard have seen him in isolation; for a better understanding it is necessary to set him in the North Atlantic context.
Is There Political Life After Losing the Race?
Authors: Carty R.K.
Published: January 2017

Canada’s political parties have now held thirteen national leadership selection conventions. While we know much about the subsequent careers of those who won there has been no systematic attention given to the question of what happens to the losers. There have been sixty losing candidates and this paper examines the post-defeat careers of the individuals involved. Though the political context obviously makes a difference, it seems clear that losing does “pay" and that there are some regular differences between Liberals and Conservatives.
Regionalism in Canada: Disentangling the Threads
Authors: McCormick Peter
Published: January 2017

Regionalism is clearly an important factor in Canadian politics. This paper argues that politically relevant regionalism is not a single generic variety, but rather contains four different dimensions (distributional, economic/occupational, perceptual, and political) that may be present in a variety of combinations with rather different political dynamics. Further, it is suggested that the impact of regionalism need not be mediated through quantifiable differences in political culture (values, efficacy, trust, participation rates, etc.) but can have a much more direct impact on politics.
Non-Canadian Intellectual and Cultural History in Canada: a Survey, 1960-1987
Authors: Woolf D.R.
Published: January 2017

This essay examines recent contributions by Canadian historians, as a group rather than as individuals, to non-Canadian intellectual and cultural history. Calendar entries for twenty-three Canadian history departments provide a snapshot of course offerings; a critique of one model of introductory intellectual history course is also offered. A survey of thesis topics shows that intellectual history, having failed to expand with other forms of history during the 1960s and early 1970s, has weathered the decline of these topics in the face of a collapsing job market. Finally, information published by granting agencies such as SSHRC is used to illustrate the fortune of intellectual historians as they compete for research funds.
The Meaning and Demeaning of the National Election Studies
Authors: Archer Keith
Published: January 2017

This article responds to Nelson Wiseman’s critique of the Canadian National Election Studies. It argues that Wiseman misunderstands the nature of the election studies, that he takes an unjustifiably narrow view of the research that has used those data, that he often makes his argument by purposefully distorting the data, and that the solutions he offers to the problems of data analysis with National Election Studies are themselves seriously flawed. Overall there is very little that redeems his article, and much that redeems the National Election Studies.
‘We throw the torch’: Canadian Memorials of the Great War and the Mythology of Heroic Sacrifice
Authors: Young Alan R.
Published: January 2017

The enthusiasm and attendant rhetoric when Canada went to war in 1914 matched responses in Britain. Among the reasons for this was a shared literary heritage of romantic and neo-chivalric values imbibed from childhood which encouraged a misleading view of the realities of war. As the war proceeded its grim realities were ignored or “sanitized," partly as a result of the skilful use of propaganda, censorship, and traditional “high diction”. Contrary to the arguments of a number of modem historians, “high diction” was not one of the casualties of the war, as is evident from the analysis provided in this paper of three very different Canadian war memorials.
The Council of Maritime Premiers and the Battle for Territorial Integrity
Authors: Tomblin Stephen G.
Published: January 2017

This paper examines the introduction and operation of the Council of Maritime Premiers (CMP) to explain how this unique experiment in inter-provincial cooperation has been used to rein force and defend province-building tendencies within the Maritimes. Originally, the CMP and the idea of Maritime union went hand in hand; through time, however, the provinces seized control of the institution to ensure that their territorial and jurisdictional interests were well defended against Ottawa and a group of reformers. The purpose of this paper is to assess why and how the Maritime premiers used their constitutional powers over the CMP to defend their political integrity.
Work Incentives Across Canada
Authors: Lightman Ernie S.
Published: January 2017

This paper examines two work incentive strategies by which recipients of welfare are encouraged/ required to move from social assistance to paid employment. The first approach, involving coercion, originates in the Elizabethan Poor Laws of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Distinctions between “incentive” and “requirement” are conceptually problematic; despite a strong work ethic, formal work-for-welfare schemes are rare in Canada. The second approach uses financial rewards and penalties, stressing operational elements in the Canada Assistance Plan. Its shortcomings lie in the fundamental details of program design, a joint federal-provincial responsibility. Ottawa, however, must take primary responsibility for its limited deployment of the financial strategy.
Why So Late? Cultural and Institutional Factors in the Granting of Quebec and French Womens Political Rights
Authors: D’Augerot-Arend Sylvie
Published: January 2017

Women in Quebec and in France received [he right 10 vote only in the 1940s. Shared cultural factors, however, are insufficient to explain this similar situation. A comparison of the role of political parties and the Catholic Church as major institutions of these societies suggests that what was at stake in delaying tactics and in the final granting of women’s political] rights was not a matter of culture but rather a question of preserving certain socio-economic forces and their specific nationalist expressions.
Marie-Claire Blais: Une révolte illuminée
Authors: Aas-Rouxparis Propos recueillis par Nicole
Published: January 2017

Depuis La Belle bête jusqu’à Pierre la vision poétique de Marie-Claire Biais semble avoir été placée sous le signe de l’angoisse et de la révolte. Mais cette révolte est traversée de moments lumineux où les personnages tous conscients et tous “à la recherche" essaient de se tracerune route vers la liberté. Certains même atteignent presque ce point merveilleux qui est la connaissance des autres. Marie-Claire Biais, elle-même en quête d’harmonie, veut dénoncer dans son oeuvre l’angoisse de la réalité actuelle, pours’en libérer par la grâce des mots.
Les nouveaux mouvements sociaux de l’environnement: Au coeur de changements politiques et culturels
Authors: Séguin Michel , Maheu Louis , Vaillancourt Jean-Guy
Published: January 2017

Les mouvements sociaux se distinguent d’autres acteurs sociaux tels que les groupes de pression et les groupes d’intérêts, qui centrent leur attention sur te système politique institutionnel. Cette différence est particulièrement marquée dans le cas des nouveaux mouvements sociaux de l’environnement. En effet, les changements sociaux provoqués par ces derniers sont non seulement d’ordre politique, mais également d’ordre culturel. Ces idées seront illustrées à partir d’un survol des points de vue des chercheurs québécois et canadiens qui se sont penchés sur l’élude des mouvements sociaux et des conflits environnementaux.
La fragmentation postmoderne de la culture et son impact sur les jeunes des années 90
Authors: Pacom Diane
Published: January 2017

Cet article porte sur la fragmentation de la culture contemporaine et son impact sur le vécu des jeunes. L’analyse est centrée sur la mise en évidence des conditions socioculturelles d’émergence de la présente situation. La condition postmodeme est identifiée comme étant une des principales sources des tensions et des contradictions contemporaines. Le rôle central joué par la culture populaire dans les sociétés postmodemes constitue un des principaux axes de cet article, Le rapport de dépendance entretenu par les jeunes avec la culture populaire devient le point de départ d’une réflexion critique sur ta place qu’occupent les jeunes dans îe contexte culturel des sociétés de cette fin de siècle.
Between the Avant-Garde and Kitsch: Experimental Prose in American and Canadian Literary Periodicals of the 1930s
Authors: Irr Caren
Published: January 2017

During the 1930s, in both Canada and the United States, she pressures of mass culture and of an increasingly isolated literary avant-garde constrained the options available to leftist writers. The essay argues that socialist writers in both countries offered similar critiques of that situation. The body of the essay compares the different solutions American and Canadian writers proposed — in the organization of literary periodicals and in literary form. I argue that because the US left centred on the Communist Party during the thirties, its literary wing pursued a vanguardist model of organizing and emphasized literary objectivism. By contrast, the presence of an increasingly strong social-democratic party in Canada meant the literary left chose to emphasize coalition-building and literary realism. The essay concludes by arguing that these differences amount to two distinct intellectual patterns which are still recognizable today.
Cosmic Consciousness and the Love of Comrades: Contacts Between R.M. Bucke and Edward Carpenter
Authors: Weir Lorna
Published: January 2017

The article documents the personal contacts and correspondence between the late nineteenth-century Canadian psychiatrist, R.M. Bucke, and the English poet and socialist, Edward Carpenter. Their correspondence shows Bucke’s consistent evasion of Carpenter’s invitation to discuss Walt Whitman’s poetry of same-sex desire, part of a pattern of denial in the early critical reception of Whitman’s work. Carpenter additionally seems to have sparked Bucks’s interest in “cosmic consciousness” and had a formative impact on Bucke’s thinking. Although Bucke’s treatment of cosmic consciousness was ultimately materialist and Carpenter’s idealist, the two used the concept to valorize unity over difference, simplicity over complexity: a logocentrism more profound than the materialism-idealism binary.
A Public Nuisance: The Ku Klux Klan in Ontario 1923-27
Authors: Bartley Allan
Published: January 2017

The appearance of the Ku Klux Klan in Ontario in the mid-1920s was viewed with concern by provincial officials; the dismissal of the Klan by one Ontario editor as “a public nuisance” does not reflect the disquiet that ran through official circles as membership went from strength to strength. The Klan’s early disappearance from Ontario, while becoming a political force in Saskatchewan, raises interesting questions about Canada’s regional political cultures in this era. This article argues that the robust Orange culture of 1920s Ontario was a barrier to political action the KKK could not overcome. A different political culture in Saskatchewan produced a different outcome.
“Booming” the Canuck Book: Edward Caswell and the Promotion of Canadian Writing
Authors: Peterman Michael A. , Friskney Janet B.
Published: January 2017

Edward S. Caswell deserves recognition as an important turn-of-the-century editor, advocate, and promoter of Canadian writers and their work. Constrained by the financial and copyright conditions of Canadian book publishing, ail apathetic reading public, and a disdainful academic community, he set out to nurture and validate Canadian literary talent. Nevertheless, for various reasons he has been all but forgotten in accounts of the period. The extent of his success, achieved within the institutional framework of the Methodist Book and Publishing House and the literary milieu of Toronto, is worthy of attention. The record makes clear not only his efforts on behalf of the work of writers like Catharine Pair Traill, Nellie McClung and Isabella Valancy Crawford but also of the debt many of them owed to him.
From Romantic History to Communications Theory: Lome Pierce as Publisher of C. W. Jefferys and Harold Innis
Authors: Campbell Sandra
Published: January 2017

As editor of Ryerson Press from 1920 to 1960, Lorne Pierce (1890-1961) was inspired by a nationalism rooted in his Methodist upbringing and education. As well as his many literary endeavours, Pierce had an enormously important role as the conceptualiser and publisher of nationalistic readers and history textbooks that dominated the English-language elementary and high school market circa 1930 to 1960, textbooks illustrated by the artist C.W. Jefferys (1869-1951) to great effect. Because Pierce and Jefferys shared a sense of nationalism and romantic history, Pierce was largely responsible for giving Jefferys the outlets for his work, culminating in the three-volume Picture Gallery of Canadian History between 1942 and 1950, made Jefferys the dominant visual myth-maker of Canada’s past. Through the work of C.W. Jefferys and series like The Canada Books of Prose and Verse and The Canadian History Readers, generations of Canadian school children were influenced by Pierce’s nationalistic publishing programme. Lorne Pierce was an early publisher of the pioneering economic history of Harold Innis (1894-1952). In their work on volumes of the landmark series on the Relations of Canada and the United States, underwritten by the Carnegie Endowment, Innis and Pierce displayed a gritty, pragmatic nationalism in their dealings with their collaborators in the United States, notably James Shotwell and Bartlet Brebner. Despite their common intellectual concerns about the effect of the social sciences on Canadian religious life in the 1940s, Pierce, like many of his contemporaries, was somewhat bemused by the obscurity and difficulty of Innis’s later work on communications. As a result he read and commented on Innis’s later manuscripts but declined to publish them.
Border Writing: The “Urban Indian” Body in Lynda Shorten’s Without Reserve
Authors: Reimer Douglas
Published: January 2017

Lynda Shorten’s Without Reserve records, apparently objectively, as she heard them, unmediated autobiographical accounts of the lives of about a dozen Native people living in Canadian cities. Using sociological, deconstruction and psychoanalytical theory, mainly Deleuze and Guattari’s notions of deterritorialization and reterritorialization in Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia and in Kafka: Toward a Minor Literature, I analyse one of the stories, that of a young man named Jimmy Mix, who has suffered every conceivable form of rejection in the face of an unsympathetic subjected group. I suggest that the border-crossing aboriginal subject, fully constructed and unique as a desiring body, might realize a reterritorialization - which is not simply a deterritorialization of another sort - through writing. Social formations at the border may be stabilized through writing in non-vehicular languages.
Des lettres mortes ... La Commission Tremblay et l’immigration (1953-1956)
Authors: Pâquet Martin
Published: January 2017

Ce texte veut étudier l’histoire d’un rendez-vous manqué, celui de l’État québécois et de la question de l’immigration, lors de la Commission royale d’enquête sur tes problèmes constitutionnels (Commission Tremblay). Il examine tes représentations de la Commission Tremblay vis-à-vis l’immigration, leurs tenants et aboutissants. Seront analysées tour à tour l’importance de la Commission dans la réalisation d’un projet de société nationale au Québec, les deux projets soumis d’une action gouvernementale québécoise, et les recommandations variées, voire évolutives, des commissaires. Enfin, il veut expliquer la mise au rencard du rapport final, en particulier ses parties attenantes à l’immigration.
Strategic Lawsuits and Environmental Politics: Daishowa Inc. v Friends of the Lubicon
Authors: Tollefson Chris
Published: January 2017

Canadian courts have increasingly become a primary venue in battles over issues of sustainability and distributive justice. An important dimension of this “legalization” of environmental politics is the recent emergence of the SLAPP suit phenomenon. “Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation” are legal proceedings brought by corporate interests which are intended to deter or punish lawful public participation in the democratic process. For almost a generation a prominent and troubling feature of the American legal system, SLAPP suits now appear poised to become a key access to justice issue in Canada. The following article reflects upon this emerging SLAPP suit phenomenon in the context of an ongoing lawsuit brought by Japanese paper giant Daishowa against the organizers of a consumer boycott of Daishowa products aimed at protesting company plans to log lands claimed by the Lubicon Cree in northern Alberta. Using the Lubicon suit as an illustration, the author discusses the threat posed by SLAPPS to democratic participation and concludes with some thoughts on the challenges which this threat poses in terms of law reform and the future of environmental politics.
Sustainability and Historical Injustice: Lessons from the Moose River Basin
Authors: Cragg Wesley , Schwartz Mark
Published: January 2017

Our paper examines the role of distributive justice in the pursuit of sustainable development. One goal of the paper is to challenge the assumption that sustainability is an exclusively forward looking idea. The tool of analysis is a case study of a proposed hydro electric development on the Mattagami River in Northern Ontario. We look at the conflicts the project has generated as arising in large measure from historical injustices inflicted on aboriginal project stakeholders. Two principles of distributive justice are identified and then used to evaluate three proposals for resolving those conflicts advanced by the principal stakeholders, Ontario Hydro, the First Nations affected and the provincial government. We conclude that sustainability has moral structure, and go on to evaluate the distributive justice dimension of that structure and its implications for sustainable resource development.