bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Simulation Analysis of an Extension of One-Dimensional Speckle Correlation Method for Detection of General In-Plane Translation
Authors: Hamarová Ivana , Šmíd Petr , Horváth Pavel , Hrabovský Miroslav
Published: January 2014

The purpose of the study is to show a proposal of an extension of a one-dimensional speckle correlation method, which is primarily intended for determination of one-dimensional object's translation, for detection of general in-plane object's translation. In that view, a numerical simulation of a displacement of the speckle field as a consequence of general in-plane object's translation is presented. The translation componentsaxandayrepresenting the projections of a vectoraof the object's displacement onto bothx- andy-axes in the object plane(x,y)are evaluated separately by means of the extended one-dimensional speckle correlation method. Moreover, one can perform a distinct optimization of the method by reduction of intensity values representing detected speckle patterns. The theoretical relations between the translation componentsaxandayof the object and the displacement of the speckle pattern for selected geometrical arrangement are mentioned and used for the testifying of the proposed method's rightness.
Global Behavior of the Difference Equationxn+1=xn-1g(xn)
Authors: Xi Hongjian , Sun Taixiang , Qin Bin , Wu Hui
Published: February 2014

We consider the following difference equationxn+1=xn-1g(xn),n=0,1,…,where initial valuesx-1,x0∈[0,+∞)andg:[0,+∞)→(0,1]is a strictly decreasing continuous surjective function. We show the following. (1) Every positive solution of this equation converges toa,0,a,0,…,or0,a,0,a,…for somea∈[0,+∞). (2) Assumea∈(0,+∞). Then the set of initial conditions(x-1,x0)∈(0,+∞)×(0,+∞)such that the positive solutions of this equation converge toa,0,a,0,…,or0,a,0,a,…is a unique strictly increasing continuous function or an empty set.
Green Chemistry: New Synthesis of Substituted Chromenes and Benzochromenes via Three-Component Reaction Utilizing Rochelle Salt as Novel Green Catalyst
Authors: El-Maghraby Awatef Mohamed
Published: January 2014

Substituted 2-amino-4-aryl-7-hydroxy-4H-chromene-3-carbonitriles (6), 2-amino-4-aryl-4H-benzo[h]chromene-3-carbonitriles (7), and 3-amino-1-aryl-1H-benzo[f]chromenes-2-carbonitriles (8) were prepared, in good yields, via one-pot three-component reactions of aromatic aldehydes (1), malononitrile (2), and resorcinol (3) or α-naphthol (4) or β-naphthol (5) in refluxing ethanol or water in the presence of Rochelle salt as novel green heterogeneous and reusable catalyst.
Prior-Cancer Diagnosis in Men with Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer and the Risk of Prostate-Cancer-Specific and All-Cause Mortality
Authors: Mirabeau-Beale Kristina , Chen Ming-Hui , D'Amico Anthony V.
Published: January 2014

Purpose. We evaluated the impact a prior cancer diagnosis had on the risk of prostate-cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) and all-cause mortality (ACM) in men with PC. Methods. Using the SEER data registry, 166,104 men (median age: 66) diagnosed with PC between 2004 and 2007 comprised the study cohort. Competing risks and Cox regression were used to evaluate whether a prior cancer diagnosis impacted the risk of PCSM and ACM adjusting for known prognostic factors PSA level, age at and year of diagnosis, race, and whether PC treatment was curative, noncurative, or active surveillance (AS)/watchful waiting (WW). Results. At a median followup of 2.75 years, 12,453 men died: 3,809 (30.6%) from PC. Men with a prior cancer were followed longer, had GS 8 to 10 PC more often, and underwent WW/AS more frequently (P<0.001). Despite these differences that should increase the risk of PCSM, the adjusted risk of PCSM was significantly decreased (AHR: 0.66 (95% CI: (0.45, 0.97); P=0.033), while the risk of ACM was increased (AHR: 2.92 (95% CI: 2.64, 3.23); P<0.001) in men with a prior cancer suggesting that competing risks accounted for the reduction in the risk of PCSM. Conclusion. An assessment of the impact that a prior cancer has on life expectancy is needed at the time of PC diagnosis to determine whether curative treatment for unfavorable-risk PC versus AS is appropriate.
Evaluation of Agronomic Management Practices on Farmers’ Fields under Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Northern India
Authors: Singh Dinesh Kumar , Kumar Purushottam , Bhardwaj A. K.
Published: January 2014

Rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori and Paol.) is the most important two crops a year intensive rice based cropping system of Asia. Agronomic management is the most important input for getting potential yield and high net returns in any crop or crop sequence. Most of the farmers used to grow old varieties of rice and wheat without any row arrangement. Fertilization is mainly limited to nitrogenous fertilizer only. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to find out the effect of different agronomic management practices on productivity and economics of rice-wheat system at farmers’ fields. Inclusion of improved variety in rice and wheat incurred additional cost of $52/ha and provided additional return of $101/ha, whereas sowing/transplanting of rice and wheat in lines incurred additional cost of $30/ha and resulted in additional returns of $146/ha. Balanced fertilization incurred additional cost of $38 over the imbalanced fertilization and provided additional returns of $180/ha. Recommended package of practices (improved variety, line sowing/transplanting and balanced fertilization) incurred additional cost of cultivation of $120/ha over the farmers’ practice and achieved additional net returns of $426/ha.
Comparison of the Chemical Properties of Forest Soil from the Silesian Beskid, Poland
Authors: Zołotajkin Maria , Smoliński Adam , Ciba Jerzy , Kluczka Joanna , Skwira Monika
Published: January 2014

There is spruce forests degradation observed in the Silesian Beskid. The aim of the work was the assessment of parameters diversifying organic layers of soils in two forest areas: degraded and healthy spruce forests of Silesian Beskid. 23 soil samples were collected from two fields—14 soil samples from a degraded forest and 9 soil samples from a forest, where pandemic dying of spruce is not observed. Implementation of hierarchical clustering to experimental data analysis allowed drawing a conclusion that the two forest areas vary significantly in terms of content of aluminium extracted with solutions of barium chloride (Alexch), sodium diphosphate (Alpyr), andpHKCland in the amount of humus in soil.
Low Frequency Axial Flux Linear Oscillating Electric Drive Suitable for Short Strokes
Authors: Thangavel Govindaraj
Published: January 2014

The design, analysis, and control methodology of an energy efficient and high force to weight
ratio rare earth N42 NdFeB based permanent magnet linear oscillating motor has been described. For this axial flux machine the mover is consisting of Aluminium structure embedded with rare earth permanent magnets of high energy density. Microcontroller based drive is developed for frequency and thrust control of the machine. Finite element method using FEMM is employed for analysis of various performance parameters of machine. The same parameters are also compared with the measured ones, which yields a good agreement to the proposed design.
Bixin and Norbixin Have Opposite Effects on Glycemia, Lipidemia, and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Roehrs Miguel , Figueiredo Cassieli Gehlen , Zanchi Mariane Magalhães , Bochi Guilherme Vargas , Moresco Rafael Noal , Quatrin Andréia , Somacal Sabrina , Conte Lisiane , Emanuelli Tatiana
Published: January 2014

The present study investigated the effects of oral administration of annatto carotenoids (bixin (BIX) and norbixin (NBIX)) on glucose levels, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress parameters in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Animals were treated for 30 days in the following groups: nondiabetic control, diabetic vehicle, diabetic 10 mg/kg BIX, diabetic 100 mg/kg BIX, diabetic 10 mg/kg NBIX, diabetic 100 mg/kg NBIX, diabetic metformin, and diabetic insulin. Blood glucose, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were reduced in the diabetic rats treated with BIX. BIX treatment prevented protein oxidation and nitric oxide production and restored superoxide dismutase activity. NBIX treatment did not change most parameters assessed, and at the highest dose, it increased LDL cholesterol and triglycerides levels and showed prooxidant action (increased protein oxidation and nitric oxide levels). These findings suggested that BIX could have an antihyperglycemic effect, improve lipid profiles, and protect against damage induced by oxidative stress in the diabetic state. Because NBIX is a water-soluble analog of BIX, we propose that lipophilicity is crucial for the protective effect of annatto carotenoids against streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
Experimental Study of Direct Laser Deposition of Ti-6Al-4V and Inconel 718 by Using Pulsed Parameters
Authors: Shah Kamran , Haq Izhar Ul , Shah Shaukat Ali , Khan Farid Ullah , Khan Muhammad Tahir , Khan Sikander
Published: January 2014

Laser direct metal deposition (LDMD) has developed from a prototyping to a single metal manufacturing tool. Its potential for creating multimaterial and functionally graded structures is now beginning to be explored. This work is a first part of a study in which a single layer of Inconel 718 is deposited on Ti-6Al-4V substrate. Single layer tracks were built at a range of powder mass flow rates using a coaxial nozzle and 1.5 kW diode laser operating in both continuous and pulsed beam modes. This part of the study focused on the experimental findings during the deposition of Inconel 718 powder on Ti-6Al-4V substrate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis were performed for characterization and phase identification. Residual stress measurement had been carried out to ascertain the effects of laser pulse parameters on the crack development during the deposition process.
Association of Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Metabolic Syndrome Parameters in Patients with Endocrine Disease
Authors: Nomura Masatoshi , Tashiro Naotaka , Watanabe Tetsuhiro , Hirata Akie , Abe Ichiro , Okabe Taijiro , Takayanagi Ryoichi
Published: January 2014

Background. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity are known risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which is often found in patients with endocrine disorders, such as thyroid dysfunction and hypopituitarism. To clarify the relationship of endocrine disease with GERD, we investigated the symptoms of GERD in patients with various endocrine diseases. Methods. Patients with various endocrine disorders who visited Kyushu University Hospital were included. GERD symptoms were examined using a self-administered questionnaire, the frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD (FSSG). Metabolic parameters, including body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides, and values of endocrine function, including thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxin, cortisol, and insulin-like growth factor-1, were assessed. Results. A total of 111 consecutive patients were recruited for the study. Among these, 18 (16.2%) patients were considered to have GERD. Among the parameters, BMI (P=0.03) and triglycerides (P=0.001) showed a positive association and HDL-C (P=0.0007) showed an inverse association with the FSSG score. However, none of the endocrine values were associated with the FSSG score. Conclusion. Symptoms of GERD in patients with endocrine disorders might be attributed to MetS as comorbidity.
Zoonoses and One Health: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Bidaisee Satesh , Macpherson Calum N. L.
Published: January 2014

Background. One health is a concept that was officially adopted by international organizations and scholarly bodies in 1984. It is the notion of combining human, animal, and environmental components to address global health challenges that have an ecological interconnectedness.Methods. A cross-sectional study of the available literature cited was conducted from January 1984 when the one health concept was adopted till December 2012 to examine the role of the one health approach towards zoonoses. Inclusion criteria included publications, professional presentations, funding allocations, official documentation books, and book chapters, and exclusion criteria included those citations written outside the period of review.Results. A total of 737 resources met the inclusion criteria and were considered in this review. Resources showed a continuous upward trend for the years from 2006 to 2012. The predominant resources were journal publications with environmental health as the significant scope focus for one health. There was also an emphasis on the distribution of the work from developed countries. All categories of years, resources, scopes, and country locale differed from the means (P=0.000). Year of initiative, scope, and country locale showed a dependent relationship (P=0.022,P=0.003, andP=0.021, resp.).Conclusion. Our findings demonstrate the rapid growth in embracing the concept of one health, particularly in developed countries over the past six years. The advantages and benefits of this approach in tackling zoonoses are manifold, yet they are still not seemingly being embraced in developing countries where zoonoses have the greatest impact.
C∗-Algebras Associated with HilbertC∗-Quad Modules of Finite Type
Authors: Matsumoto Kengo
Published: January 2014

A HilbertC∗-quad module of finite type has a multistructure of HilbertC∗-bimodules with two finite bases. We will construct aC∗-algebra from a HilbertC∗-quad module of finite type and prove its universality subject to certain relations among generators. Some examples of theC∗-algebras from HilbertC∗-quad modules of finite type will be presented.
Topical Pimecrolimus as a New Optional Treatment in Cutaneous Sarcoidosis of Lichenoid Type
Authors: Tammaro Antonella , Abruzzese Claudia , Narcisi Alessandra , Cortesi Giorgia , Parisella Francesca Romana , Di Russo Pier Paolo , De Marco Gabriella , Persechino Severino
Published: February 2014

We report the case of cutaneous sarcoidosis of lichenoid type successfully treated with pimecrolimus. For the first time in the literature, we propose the use of this topical calcineurin inhibitor for the treatment of the cases refractory to common therapy regimens.
First Report of Florencite from the Singhbhum Shear Zone of the East Indian Craton
Authors: Chakraborty Maitrayee , Biswas Sayan , Sengupta Nandini , Sengupta Pulak
Published: February 2014

Metamorphic florencite is being reported from kyanite-rich rocks from the eastern part of the Palaeo- to Mesoproterozoic Singhbhum shear zone. This is the first report of florencite from the Precambrian rocks of the Indian Shield. Host rock of florencite is a kyanite-rich rock (>80  vol%) with small and variable amounts of quartz, lazulite, augelite, and rutile. Florencite forms small (<20 microns) idioblastic-to-subhedral crystals that are included in large kyanite grains. Rarely, florencite replaces kyanite. The florencite has small proportion of crandallite (8.7–11.8 mol%) and goyazite (<2 mol%) components. Florencite of this study is dominated by Ce (~49 mol%) with significant La (~30 mol%) and Nd (~21 mol%). Compared to other florencite occurrences of the world, florencite of the studied rock is impoverished in S, Sr, and Ba and rich in P. Stability of the assemblage florencite-kyanite-augelite-lazulite and the quantitative thermobarometry in the adjoining rocks suggest that florencite was formed during Palaeoproterozoic metamorphism that culminated at theP-Trange of490±40∘Cand6.3±1 kbar. Integrating all the geological features it is postulated that florencite was formed due to metasomatism of some aluminous protolith by infiltration of acidic fluids charged withPO4-3and LREE.
Expression of Variant Isoforms of the Tyrosine Kinase SYK Determines the Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hong Jian , Yuan Yunfei , Wang Jianping , Liao Yadi , Zou Ruhai , Zhu Chuanlong , Li Binkui , Liang Yi , Huang Pinzhu , Wang Zongwei , Lin Wenyu , Zeng Yixin , Le Dai Jia , Chung Raymond T.
Published: January 2014

The spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) has been reported as a novel biomarker for human hepatocellular carcinoma, but the functional contributions of its two isoforms SYK(L) and SYK(S) are undefined. In this study, we investigated their biologic functions and possible prognostic values in hepatocellular carcinoma. SYK(L) was downregulated in 38% of human specimens of hepatocellular carcinoma examined, whereas SYK(S) was detectable in 40% of these specimens but not in normal liver tissue samples without cirrhosis. SYK(S) expression correlated with pathologic parameters characteristic of tumor metastasis, including multiple tumors (P = 0.003) and vascular invasion (P = 0.001). Further, SYK(S) was specifically associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocellular carcinoma specimens. Functional studies showed that SYK(S) promoted tumor growth, suppressed apoptosis, and induced EMT through the extracellular signal–regulated kinase pathway, countering the opposite effects of SYK(L). Patients with SYK(L+/S−) tumors exhibited longer overall survival and time to recurrence than those with SYK(L−/S−) or SYK(L+/S+) tumors (P < 0.001). Taken together, our findings showed that SYK(S) enhances invasion, whereas SYK(L) inhibits metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. We suggest that SYK(L) downregulation or SYK(S) elevation are strong predictors of poor survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, indicative of a need for aggressive therapeutic intervention. Cancer Res; 74(6); 1845–56. ©2014 AACR.
β-Amyloid Precursor Protein: Function in Stem Cell Development and Alzheimer's Disease Brain
Authors: Small David H. , Hu Yanling , Bolós Marta , Dawkins Edgar , Foa Lisa , Young Kaylene M.
Published: February 2014

Stem cell therapy may be a suitable approach for the treatment of many neurodegenerative diseases. However, one major impediment to the development of successful cell-based therapies is our limited understanding of the mechanisms that instruct neural stem cell behaviour, such as proliferation and cell fate specification. The β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) may play an important role in neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Our recent work shows that in vitro, APP stimulates neural stem or progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. The effect on proliferation is mediated by an autocrine factor that we have identified as cystatin C. As cystatin C expression is also reported to inhibit the development of amyloid pathology in APP transgenic mice, our finding has implications for the possible use of cystatin C for the therapy of AD.
Carcinosarcoma of the Female Urethra
Authors: D'Arrigo L. , Costa A. , Fraggetta F. , Pennisi M. , Pepe P. , Aragona F.
Published: January 2014

Carcinosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor with a biphasic morphology characterized by the presence of a malignant epithelial and mesenchymal component. It has been reported in many organs, including the genitourinary tract. We describe a case of a 47-year-old woman admitted to our hospital for history of recurrent urinary tract infection, dysuria and discharge of bloody fluid from the urethra at the end of urination. A tender palpable mass under the anterior vaginal wall was found and pathological examination showed a urethral carcinosarcoma. The histopathogenetic hypothesis and clinical management were considered in this report.
Intraoperative Bleeding in Stereotactic Biopsies and Its Implication on Postoperative Management: Can We Predict CT Findings?
Authors: Eibach Sebastian , Weise Lutz , Setzer Matthias , Seifert Volker , Senft Christian
Published: January 2014

Background: Stereotactic biopsies are procedures with a high diagnostic yield and a low but serious risk of hemorrhage. Postoperative management remains controversial. Objectives: To evaluate the predictive value of intraoperative bleeding and its implication on postoperative management. Methods: Cases of intraoperative bleeding were prospectively documented in a consecutive series comprising 303 patients. Categories were as follows: no bleeding, single drop, ≤10 drops and >10 drops. Incidence, size of hemorrhage and neurological deterioration were noted. Hemorrhage on routine postoperative CT scans was correlated with intraoperative findings, sample size, location and pathology. Results: A total of 93 patients (30.7%) showed intraoperative bleeding and 68 (22.4%) showed blood on postoperative CT. In 13 patients (4.3%) the diameter was >1 cm; 19 patients (6.3%) experienced neurological worsening, 9 (3.0%) having postoperative hemorrhage and 3 (1.0%) permanent neurological deficits. Bleeding was associated with postoperative hemorrhage (p < 0.0001). The negative predictive values to rule out any postoperative hemorrhage or hemorrhages >1 cm were 92 and 100%, respectively. Number of samples, location and pathology had no significant influence on postoperative hemorrhage. Conclusion: Stereotactic biopsies have a low risk of symptomatic hemorrhages. Intraoperative bleeding is a surveillance parameter of hemorrhage on CT. Therefore, routine postoperative CT may be restricted to patients who show intraoperative bleeding.
Fat Mass- and Obesity-Associated (FTO) Gene and Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: An Association Study
Authors: Shing Emily C. , Tiwari Arun K. , Brandl Eva J. , Zai Clement C. , Lieberman Jeffrey A. , Meltzer Herbert Y. , Kennedy James L. , Müller Daniel J.
Published: January 2014

Objectives: Genetic variation in the fat mass- and obesity-associated gene (FTO) has been associated with obesity in the general population. In this study we have investigated these variants for association with antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG). Methods: A total of 218 patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder treated mostly with clozapine or olanzapine for up to 14 weeks were included in the study. We analyzed 4 polymorphisms in intron 1 of the FTO gene (rs1421085, rs8050136, rs9939609, rs9930506) for association with AIWG using ANCOVA. Results: No statistically significant associations were observed between the single nucleotide polymorphisms and AIWG. However, patients homozygous for the A-allele of rs9939609 gained numerically higher weight than the other genotypic groups (AA: 5.26 ± 6.7%; TA: 4.66 ± 5.6%; TT: 4.21 ± 5.3%). Conclusion: Our current observations suggest that the FTO gene variants investigated may not play a major role in AIWG.
A Novel Translational Model of Percutaneous Fetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion - Baboons (Papio spp.)
Authors: Mari Giancarlo , Deprest Jan , Schenone Mauro , Jackson Scott , Samson Jacques , Brocato Brian , Tate Danielle , Sullivan Ryan , White Garry , Dhanireddy Reddy , Mandrell Timothy , Gupta Sonali , Skobowjat Cezary , Slominski Andrzej , Cohen Harris L. , Schlabritz-Loutsevitch Natalia
Published: January 2014

Introduction: Percutaneous fetoscopic endoluminal reversible tracheal occlusion (FETO) was developed to prevent the pulmonary complications of fetal congenital diaphragmatic herniation. There is an urgent need to establish the closest to human translational model of FETO in order to improve fetal outcomes and to determine new clinical approaches and applications. Material and Methods: Seven non-human primates underwent two subsequent surgeries: the first, the FETO in the experimental group (n = 3) or sham operation in the control animals (S-FETO, n = 4) at 132-142 days of gestation (dGA); the second, the reversal of occlusion or sham operation at 162 ± 5 dGA. Maternal stress axis, complete blood count, and biochemical parameters were evaluated and newborn tracheal radiography was performed. Results: The average pregnancy duration and neonatal weights in the FETO group did not differ from the animals in the S-FETO group. There was no bleeding or premature fetal membrane rupture during the procedures in any of the baboons. The maximal tracheal width was 7.02 ± 0.6 mm in the FETO versus 5.46 ± 0.6 mm in S-FETO group. Discussion: This is the very first report of a successful FETO model in non-human primates. Similarities to human tracheomegaly were for the first time documented in any model studied.
Beyond Age Comparisons: A Plea for the Use of a Modified Brunswikian Approach to Experimental Designs in the Study of Adult Development and Aging
Authors: Freund Alexandra M. , Isaacowitz Derek M.
Published: February 2014

This article makes a plea for experimental designs in the field of adult development and aging using an approach to research inspired by the work of Egon Brunswik. Our recommendations are intended to complement correlational approaches and to enhance the testing of explanatory mechanisms. Our arguments are predicated on the fact that the field of adult development and aging faces particular methodological challenges stemming from the investigation of individual differences approached with age group comparison designs. Many studies on adult development and aging use extreme-group comparisons, contrasting young and older adults, although such comparisons can lead to the overestimation of age-related effects. Moreover, age group membership is used as a proxy variable for psychological processes leading to the observed age-related differences. The inherent correlational design of such age group comparisons can only approximate a test of the underlying psychological processes causing the differences between the groups. We consider these problems and potential solutions to them involving a Brunswikian approach to experimental design in research on adult development and aging, and we discuss implications for theory-predicated research in other subfields of developmental science with similar methodological issues.
The Prognostic Value of Midregional Proatrial Natriuretic Peptide in Patients with Hemorrhagic Stroke
Authors: Fischer Marlene , Katan Mira , Morgenthaler Nils G. , Seiler Marleen , Müller Beat , Lackner Peter , Errath Mario , Helbok Raimund , Pfausler Bettina , Beer Ronny , Schmutzhard Erich , Broessner Gregor
Published: January 2014

Background: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a well-known prognostic marker of outcome and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease. Midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) is a stable fragment of the ANP precursor hormone. As a prognostic marker after ischemic stroke, it reliably predicts poststroke mortality and functional outcome. This study aimed to analyze the prognostic value of MR-proANP in patients with hemorrhagic stroke, i.e. subarachnoid (SAH) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: MR-proANP was analyzed in patients with spontaneous SAH or spontaneous ICH. All patients were prospectively randomized into two treatment arms: (1) a prophylactic normothermia group with a target core temperature 36.5°C using endovascular cooling, and (2) a control group with conventional stepwise predefined fever management using antipyretic medication and surface cooling. Blood samples were obtained on admission and on days 4 and 7. Measurement of MR-proANP was performed in serum using sandwich immunoassay. The primary endpoint was functional outcome [assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS)] and the secondary endpoints were mortality within 180 days after hemorrhagic stroke and influence of temperature on MR-proANP. A favorable outcome was defined as GOS 4-5, and the patients were considered to have a poor outcome with a 180-day GOS score between 1 and 3. Results: Analysis of MR-proANP was performed in 24 patients with spontaneous SAH and 22 patients with spontaneous ICH. MR-proANP was elevated on days 4 and 7 as compared to baseline levels (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). High MR-proANP levels (>120 pmol/l) were associated with increased mortality and poor outcome (after 180 days; p < 0.05, respectively). There was no significant difference regarding MR-proANP serum concentrations between the endovascular and the control groups. Conclusions: Increased levels of MR-proANP are independently associated with poor functional outcome and increased mortality after 180 days in patients with hemorrhagic stroke. Endovascular temperature control had no significant influence on MR-proANP levels.
Dual-Task Assessment in Natalizumab-Treated Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Allali Gilles , Laidet Magali , Assal Frédéric , Chofflon Michel , Armand Stéphane , Lalive Patrice H.
Published: February 2014

Background: To study the 1-year evolution of quantitative dual-task gait parameters in comparison with single-task gait parameters and detailed neuropsychological assessment in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with natalizumab. Methods: Walking speed, stride length and stride time during a dual task (walking while forward counting, backward counting, semantic fluency, and phonemic fluency), a single walking task, and a detailed neuropsychological assessment were prospectively measured and assessed twice at the 1-year interval in 9 consecutive patients with MS treated with natalizumab. Results: Dual-task-related gait changes (walking speed, stride length and stride time while performing semantic fluency and walking speed, and stride time while performing phonemic fluency) showed a significant improvement after 1 year of treatment with natalizumab. The single walking task and detailed neuropsychological assessment did not present any modification. Conclusions: Dual-task-related gait changes using a cognitive task with a specific executive demand represent an interesting marker of disease-modifying therapy in patients with MS.
Postural Stability Analysis with Inertial Measurement Units in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Gago Miguel F. , Fernandes Vitor , Ferreira Jaime , Silva Hélder , Rocha Luís , Bicho Estela , Sousa Nuno
Published: February 2014

Background: The cause of frequent falls in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still not well understood. Nevertheless, balance control and sensory organization are known to be critical for moving safely and adapting to the environment. Methods: We evaluated postural stability in 20 AD patients (11 fallers and 9 nonfallers) and 16 healthy controls with an inertial measurement unit (triaxial accelerometers and gyroscopes) attached to the center of mass (COM) in different balance conditions (Romberg on flat surface and frontward/backward-inclined surface, with or without visual suppression) in a motor lab. Results: In AD patients, the group of fallers showed a different kinetic pattern of postural stability characterized by higher vulnerability to visual suppression, higher total/maximal displacement and a mediolateral/anteroposterior range of sway, and a consequent need for more corrections of COM pitch and roll angles. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to consolidate the normative values of the discriminatory kinetic variables with the potential of inclusion in a multifactorial analysis of the risk of falls. Nevertheless, these results highlight signs of impairment of central postural control in AD, which may require early therapeutic intervention.
The hLAMP-1-Positive Particulate Matrix Involved in Cardiac Mesenchyme Formation in the Chick Does Not Include BMP-2
Authors: Abd-Elhamid Tarek Hamdy , Conway Marianne L. , Sinning Allan R.
Published: February 2014

Early heart development involves the transformation of endocardial cells in the atrioventricular canal and outflow tract regions into mesenchymal cells, a process called endocardial mesenchymal transformation (EMT). This process is initiated by factors, termed the particulate matrix, that are secreted by the myocardium. The particulate matrix causes a subset of endocardial cells to hypertrophy, lose their cell-cell contacts, form migratory processes, transform into mesenchymal cells, and migrate into the underlying endocardial cushions. The particulate matrix can be extracted using EDTA and the EDTA extract can initiate the EMT process. Earlier reports from our laboratory have shown that the particulate matrix can be detected with the hLAMP-1 antibody in immunostaining and Western blot analysis. In addition, similar proteins have been isolated from the growth media of stage 15-16 chick embryo myocardial cultures (MyoCM). Since other investigators have identified a possible role for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 during the EMT process in the heart, we asked whether BMP-2 is a part of the chick hLAMP-1-positive particulate matrix. To answer this question, we double stained stage 15-16 chick embryo sections with hLAMP-1 and BMP-2 antibodies. We found that BMP-2 signals do not colocalize with hLAMP-1-stained particles. In addition, using immunoprecipitation-Western blot analysis, we demonstrated no association of BMP-2 with the hLAMP-1-bound fraction of the EDTA extract or MyoCM. Our results indicate that BMP-2 is not a component of the hLAMP-1-positive particulate matrix in the chick.
Development of the External Genitalia and Their Sexual Dimorphic Regulation in Mice
Authors: Ipulan Lerrie Ann , Suzuki Kentaro , Matsushita Shoko , Suzuki Hiroko , Okazawa Mika , Jacinto Sonia , Hirai Syu-ichi , Yamada Gen
Published: February 2014

The study of the external genitalia is divided into 2 developmental stages: the formation and growth of a bipotential genital tubercle (GT) and the sexual differentiation of the male and female GT. The sexually dimorphic processes, which occur during the second part of GT differentiation, are suggested to be governed by androgen signaling and more recently crosstalk with other signaling factors. The process of elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of hormone signaling towards other signaling networks in the GT is still in its early stages. Nevertheless, it is becoming a productive area of research. This review summarizes various studies on the development of the murine GT and the defining characteristics of a masculinized GT and presents the different signaling pathways possibly involved during masculinization.
Inadequate Diagnostic Evaluation in Young Patients Registered with a Diagnosis of Dementia: A Nationwide Register-Based Study
Authors: Salem Lise Cronberg , Andersen Birgitte Bo , Nielsen T. Rune , Stokholm Jette , Jørgensen Martin Balslev , Waldemar Gunhild
Published: February 2014

Background: Establishing a diagnosis of dementia in young patients may be complex and have significant implications for the patient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the diagnostic work-up in young patients diagnosed with dementia in the clinical routine. Methods: Two hundred patients were randomly selected from 891 patients aged ≤65 years registered with a diagnosis of dementia for the first time in 2008 in Danish hospitals, and 159 medical records were available for review. Three raters evaluated their medical records for the completeness of the diagnostic work-up on which the diagnosis of dementia had been based, using evidence-based guidelines for the diagnostic evaluation of dementia as reference standards. Results: According to the rater review, only 111 (70%) patients met the clinical criteria for dementia. An acceptable diagnostic work-up including all items of recommended basic diagnostic evaluation was performed in only 24%, although more often (28%) in the subgroup of patients where dementia was confirmed by raters. Conclusion: This first nationwide study of unselected young patients registered with a diagnosis of dementia indicated that the concept of dementia may be misinterpreted by clinicians and that a diagnosis of dementia in the young is only rarely based on a complete basic diagnostic work-up, calling for increased competency.
Effect of Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Combined with S-1-Based Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Hu Jian-Bin , Sun Xiao-Nan , Gu Ben-Xing , Wang Qi , Hu Wen-Xian
Published: February 2014

Background: The optimal radiotherapy technique and combination with systemic therapy in locally advanced gastric cancer patients are far from being resolved despite the fact that radiochemotherapy is becoming more attractive in contemporary clinical practice. Patients and Methods: 40 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer received intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) at a dosage of 45-50.4 Gy concurrent with chemotherapy using S-1 solely or with a combination of oxaliplatin. Surgery was recommended for those who were evaluated as resectable. Sequential chemotherapy with various regimens was adopted based on the efficacy and tolerance of radiochemotherapy. Results: The overall response rate was 75% according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors and Japanese Gastric Cancer Association criteria. 24 finally underwent surgery, with 22 (91.7%) receiving an R0 resection (resection for cure or complete remission). The overall pathological response rate was 37.5% (9/24). Patients receiving an R0 resection had a higher 2-year overall survival rate (64.7 vs. 16.2%, p = 0.001) and local relapse-free survival rate (90.2 vs. 29.3%, p = 0.000), while there was no difference in distant metastasis-free survival rate (66.1 and 48.1% p = 0.231). Hematological and gastrointestinal toxicities of grade 1 or grade 2 were relatively common. Conclusion: The high rate of R0 resections and low rate of locoregional recurrence suggest that IMRT combined with S-1-based chemotherapy is an effective treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer patients.
Aggressive Gastric Carcinoma Producing Alpha-Fetoprotein: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lunghi A. , Petreni P. , Romanelli R.G. , Vizzutti F. , Marra F. , Tarquini R. , Laffi G.
Published: January 2014

A 65-year-old man presented to our hospital with abdominal pain, dyspepsia and anorexia. Laboratory tests showed an altered liver function and abdomen ultrasonography revealed multiple liver nodules, suspected to be metastatic lesions. Serous tumor markers were elevated and a very high level of alpha-fetoprotein was found. Computer tomography confirmed the hepatic lesions and disclosed a thickening of the lesser curvature of the gastric wall. A subsequent endoscopy showed an ulcer on the lesser curvature. Biopsies taken from the gastric ulcer and the liver nodule revealed an adenocarcinoma, both of gastric origin. Shortly after the diagnosis, the patient's condition worsened and he died only 15 days later. This case report illustrates how alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric adenocarcinomas have a high incidence of venous and lymphatic invasion and a rapid hepatic spread with a very poor prognosis.
Sustained Complete Response after Maintenance Therapy with Topotecan and Erlotinib for Recurrent Cervical Cancer with Distant Metastases
Authors: Callegaro-Filho Donato , Kavanagh John J. , Nick Alpa M. , Ramirez Pedro T. , Schmeler Kathleen M.
Published: February 2014

Introduction: Recurrent cervical cancer is associated with a poor prognosis. Most treatment responses are partial and of short duration. The development of new therapies is vital to improve treatment for recurrent disease. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors may have a role in this setting. Case Description: A 53-year-old woman with stage IB2 squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix was initially treated with chemoradiation. Six months after completing treatment, she developed a recurrence in the common iliac and para-aortic lymph nodes above the previous radiation field and was treated with additional radiation therapy. Two years later, she developed recurrent disease in the left supraclavicular lymph nodes and was treated with chemoradiation followed by 3 cycles of adjuvant cisplatin and topotecan. She had a complete response and was placed on maintenance therapy with topotecan and erlotinib, which was well tolerated and produced minimal side effects. After 20 months of maintenance therapy, it was discontinued given the long interval without evidence of disease. The patient is currently without evidence of disease 5 years after completing the topotecan-erlotinib treatment. Conclusion: We noted a sustained response in a patient with recurrent metastatic cervical cancer treated with radiotherapy, cisplatin, and topotecan followed by maintenance therapy with topotecan and erlotinib. Further evaluation of the role of EGFR inhibitors in this setting should be considered given their favorable toxicity profile and biological relevance.
Consistency of thromboelastometry analysis under scrutiny: Results of a systematic evaluation within and between analysers
Authors: ten Cate Hugo , Kathriner Silvio , Casutt Mattias , Bachmann Lucas M. , Wuillemin Walter A. , Nagler Michael
Published: January 2014

While the use of thromboelastometry analysis (ROTEM®) in evaluation of haemostasis is rapidly increasing, important validity parameters of testing remain inadequately examined. We aimed to study systematically the consistency of thromboelastometry parameters within individual tests regarding measurements between different analysers, between different channels of the same analyser, between morning and afternoon measurements (circadian variation), and if measured four weeks apart. Citrated whole blood samples from 40 healthy volunteers were analysed with two analysers in parallel. EXTEM, INTEM, FIBTEM, HEPTEM and APTEM tests were conducted. A Bland-Altman comparison was performed and homogeneity of variances was tested using the pitman test. P-value ranges were used to classify the level of homogeneity (p<0.15 – low homogeneity, p = 0.15 to 0.5 – intermediate homogeneity, p>0.5 high homogeneity). Less than half of all comparisons made showed high homogeneity of variances (p>0.5) and in about a fifth of comparisons data distributions were heterogeneous (p<0.15). There was no clear pattern for homogeneity. On average, comparisons of MCF, ML and LI30 measurements tended to be better, but none of the tests assessed outperformed another. In conclusion, systematic investigation reveals large differences in the results of some thromboelastometry parameters and lack of consistency. Clinicians and scientists should take these inconsistencies into account and focus on parameters with a higher homogeneity such as MCF.

Note: Part of the investigation was presented at the 56th meeting of the “Gesellschaft für Thrombose- und Hämostaseforschung (GTH)” in St. Gallen, Switzerland, February 1–4, 2012.
Risk factors and prognostic impact of venous thromboembolism in Asian patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lee Yun-Gyoo , Lee Eunyoung , Bang Soo-Mee , Kang Chang Hyun , Kim Young Tae , Kim Hak Jae , Wu Hong-Gyun , Kim Young Whan , Kim Tae Min , Lee Keun-Wook , Lee Se-Hoon , Kim Dong-Wan , Heo Dae Seog , Kim Inho
Published: January 2014

Although the overall risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is high in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), risk identification is limited. The goal of this study was to estimate the incidence, risk factors and prognostic implications of VTE, and to evaluate a genetic link between oncogenes and the risk of VTE in Asian patients with NSCLC. A total of 1,998 consecutive patients with NSCLC were enrolled and analysed retrospectively. Since the effects of therapeutics on VTE development were modified by stage, stratified analyses were performed. When comparing overall survival in terms of VTE development, a propensity score-matching method was adopted to minimise potential confounding. The six-month and two-year cumulative incidences of VTE were 4.2% and 6.4%, respectively. The risk of VTE increased 2.45-fold with each advancing stage in NSCLC (p<0.001). The independent predictors of VTE were advanced age, pneumonectomy and palliative radiotherapy in localised NSCLC and ineligibility for surgery and palliative radiotherapy in locally advanced NSCLC. Adenocarcinoma histology (vs squamous cell) and former/current smoking status were significant predictors of VTE in metastatic NSCLC. A significant association between VTE and decreased survival was observed only among patients with localised NSCLC. EGFR mutations (p=0.170) and ALK rearrangements (p=0.159) were not associated with VTE development in lung adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, the two-year cumulative incidence of VTE is 6.4% in Asian patient with NSCLC. The significant predictors of VTE are different across stages of NSCLC. The prognostic impact of VTE on poor survival was limited to localised NSCLC.
Sildenafil Improves Exercise Hemodynamics in Fontan Patients
Authors: Van De Bruaene Alexander , La Gerche Andre , Claessen Guido , De Meester Pieter , Devroe Sarah , Gillijns Hilde , Bogaert Jan , Claus Piet , Heidbuchel Hein , Gewillig Marc , Budts Werner
Published: January 2014

Background—

Patients with Fontan circulation have reduced exercise capacity. The absence of a presystemic pump may limit flow through the pulmonary circulation, restricting ventricular filling and cardiac output. We evaluated exercise hemodynamics and the effect of sildenafil on exercise hemodynamics in Fontan patients.

Methods and Results—

Ten Fontan patients (6 men, 20±4 years) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at rest and during supine bicycle exercise before and after sildenafil. Systemic ventricular volumes were obtained at rest and during low- (34±15 W), moderate- (69±29 W), and high-intensity (97±36 W) exercise using an ungated, free-breathing cardiac magnetic resonance sequence and analyzed correcting for cardiac phase and respiratory translation. Radial and pulmonary artery pressures and cGMP were measured. Before sildenafil, cardiac index increased throughout exercise (4.0±0.9, 5.9±1.1, 7.0±1.6, 7.4±1.7 L/(min·m
2
);
P
<0.0001) with 106±49% increase in heart rate. Stroke volume index (
P
=0.015) and end-diastolic volume index (
P
=0.001) decreased during exercise. End-systolic volume index remained unchanged (
P
=0.8). Total pulmonary resistance index (
P
=0.005) increased, whereas systemic vascular resistance index decreased during exercise (
P
<0.0001). Sildenafil increased cardiac index (
P
<0.0001) and stroke volume index (
P
=0.003), especially at high-intensity exercise (interaction
P
=0.004 and
P
=0.003, respectively). Systemic vascular resistance index was reduced (
P
<0.0001–interaction
P
=0.1), whereas total pulmonary resistance index was reduced at rest and reduced further during exercise (
P
=0.008–interaction
P
=0.029). cGMP remained unchanged before sildenafil (
P
=0.9), whereas it increased significantly after sildenafil (
P
=0.019).

Conclusions—

In Fontan patients, sildenafil improved cardiac index during exercise with a decrease in total pulmonary resistance index and an increase in stroke volume index. This implies that pulmonary vasculature represents a physiological limitation, which can be attenuated by sildenafil, the clinical significance of which warrants further study.