bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESISTANCE OF MASTITIS IN COWS TO ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS
Authors: Glotova Tat'yana , Koteneva Svetlana , Sudorgina Tat'yana , Nefedchenko Aleksey , Glotov Aleksandr
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study is to determine the resistance of microorganisms isolated from milk samples from cows with mastitis to antibacterial drugs. Objectives: to analyze and identify the most common microorganisms involved in the pathology of the mammary glands in cows and to determine the resistance of bacterial cultures isolated from milk samples to antibacterial drugs. The study was carried out in 2014–2021 in the laboratory of biotechnology – diagnostic center Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Siberia and the Far East SFSCA RAS. For the study, 442 milk samples were taken from cows with a clinical form of mastitis from large dairy complexes of 5 regions (Novosibirsk, Tyumen, Tomsk, Omsk and Amur), the Altai and Krasnoyarsk Regions of the Russian Federation, as well as the Republic of Kazakhstan. The data on the resistance of the microflora, which is determined to 17 antibacterial drugs of 9 pharmacological groups, are presented. The isolated microflora was represented mainly by bacteria of the genera Staphylococcus – 45.7 %; Clostridium – 35.3; Streptococcus – 32; Salmonella – 9.5 %. Bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus were most resistant to polymyxin, cephalonium, ceftonitis, lincomycin, cefapirine and ampicillin, and least to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Bacteria of the genus Streptococcus are most resistant to cephalonium and polymyxin, and least to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Representatives of the Clostridium genus are resistant to lincomycin and polymyxin, Salmonella genus – to enrofloxacin, ceftonite and cephalonium, Proteus vulgaris – to ampicillin, lincomycin, rifampicin, cefapirin, cephalonium and polymyxin, Escherichia coli – to the maximum number of studied antibacterial drugs.Data are presented that indicate the need for timely diagnosis of mastitis, the identification of a range of anti-mastitis drugs to improve the effectiveness of therapy.
ARCTIC BRAMBLE (RUBUS ARCTICUS L.) IN THE KOLYMA RIVER VALLEY – SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT AND BEARING
Authors: Sinel'nikova Nadezhda , Pahomov Mihail
Published: December 2024

Seasonal development and yield dynamics of the fruits of the arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) were studied in the west of the Magadan Region in the upper reaches of the river Kolyma. The purpose of research is to assess the dynamics of the dates of the onset of the phenological phases of the arctic bramble for the period 2002–2021 and identification of climatic factors affecting fruit yield fluctuations (1992–2021). The tasks of the work included summarizing the data of phenological observations on the populations of the arctic bramble and analyzing the dependence of the dynamics of fruit yield on meteorological indicators and changes in habitat conditions. Phenological observations have been carried out from 2002 to the present; the yield was estimated visually according to the Kapper-Formozov scale (1992–2021). Meteorological observations at the field station of the Institute of Biological Problems of the North FEB RAS have been carried out since 1992. The annual cycle of the arctic bramble (11 phenophases) and the features of the passage of individual stages are described. The seasonal cycle of development of the arctic bramble consists of 5 generative and 5 vegetative phases, the dynamics of the onset dates of which does not show a significant positive trend. For the period 1992–2021 there was a decrease in yield associated with an increase in the frequency of frosts during the flowering period, dry weather in July and changes in habitat conditions. Wild-growing populations of the arctic bramble are a valuable genetic material for breeding work and can be introduced into culture on the territory of the Magadan Region.
ECOLOGICAL AND EPIZOOTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LARVAL AND IMAGINAL CESTODOSIS OF ANIMALS IN THE SOUTH OF WESTERN SIBERIA
Authors: Tihaya Natal'ya , Ponamarev Nikolay
Published: December 2024

Larval and imaginal cestoda in sheep cause significant economic damage to sheep breeding. At the same time, in the absence of a systematic fight against these diseases, the damage increases significantly, but a successful fight against pathogens is not possible without knowledge of the epizootology of helminthiases in sheep in a given area. In modern conditions, the creation of diversified farms in the countryside, when the main livestock is concentrated in the backyards of cooperative farms and peasant farms, the problems of combating parasitic diseases have become particularly relevant. The purpose of the work is to study the ecological features and distribution of larval and imaginal cestoda. The work was carried out by clinical examination of sheep, autopsy of corpses, verification of acts on autopsies of animals, interviewing shepherds about the incidence of coenurosis in sheep, checking the number of flock’s dogs. The state of registration of shepherd and village dogs, the frequency, methods and means of deworming dogs, compliance with the rules for the disposal of corpses, and the procedure for slaughtering animals were revealed. As a result of the conducted studies of carnivores, the infection with helminths was 97 %. In total, 12 types of helminths were found in dogs: cestoda 9, nematodes 3. Cysticerci are localized on the omentum, mesentery, and liver of herbivores. The causative agent is the larval stage of the the cestoda – Tenia hydatigena. During the period of migration of larvae, the disease is acute, severe and often leads to death of young animals. Cysticercosis in one-year-old lambs manifests itself in January and February in the form of hepatitis. Thus, according to the data of the flock examination of sheep, according to the results of the analysis of veterinary reports and acts on the disposal of animals in farms, as well as according to the autopsy data, it was found that sheep coenurosis is common in all climatic zones of the Altai Region. During the veterinary and sanitary examination of the examined 598 carcasses of small cattle, Cysticercus tenuicollis larvae were found in 223, which is 37.3 %.
STUDYING REPRODUCTIVE FEED APPLICATION FOR STURGEON
Authors: Yurin Denis Anatol'evich , Danilova Alexandra Alexandrovna , Maksim Ekaterina , Gneush Anna
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the work is to study the effect of newly developed feed additives from fish milk and glycerin on the rate of maturation of sturgeon reproductive products and the feed coefficient. The studies were carried out in accordance with standard methods for conducting scientific and industrial research on fish farming in BISKO LLC, Bryukhovetsky District of the Krasnodar Region. The duration of the experiment was 8 months. Absolute fecundity in the second group with the use of 2.0 % glycerol was higher by 0.6 %, in the third group with the use of Glynmol – by 1.2 %. Working productivity in the second group was lower than the control by 1.1 %, in the third group it was significantly higher by 2.9 % (P < 0.05). Relative fecundity with the use of Glinmol was higher than the control by 0.2 %, with the use of glycerin – by 0.2 % lower than the control indicator. The number of days to reach the 4th stage of maturity in sturgeons in the second group exceeded the control indicator by 2.0 %. In the third group, there was a tendency to decrease this indicator by 2.1 %, the diameter of the eggs exceeded the control by 4.1 %. In the control and in the second group of the experiment, with the use of glycerol, the diameter of the eggs was identical. Feed consumption at the 3rd stage of maturity exceeded the control by 5.6 % in the second and by 10.5 % in the third. The feed coefficient when using glycerin decreased by 2.9 % when using Glinmol – by 2.3 %. At the 4th stage of maturity, feed intake was higher than the control by 5.5 and 8.9 %, respectively. The feed coefficient decreased in both experimental groups by 97.5 % relative to the control.
PROSPECTS FOR PLANT COMPONENTS APPLICATION IN VARIOUS FORMULA OF MEAT CHOP SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS
Authors: Karapetian Artem , Velichko Nadezhda
Published: December 2024

The purpose of reseaech is to study and analyze literary sources on the prospects of using various plant components in the creation of minced meat semi-finished products. Objectives: to consider the issue of the relevance of creating meat and vegetable products at the current time; to determine the usefulness of meat and vegetable products for the human body; to analyze literary sources on the formulations of semi-finished meat products with the addition of vegetable components. The object of the study is the literature on the study of meat and vegetable products, in particular technological maps and patents for research. In recent years, combined semi-finished meat products have become more and more in demand on the food market, the main problem of selecting ingredients to maintain a balance of complete saturation of a person with physiologically significant substances for the human body has been revealed. Vegetable raw materials have good digestibility, low fat content, high content of fiber, vitamins, minerals and are quite affordable. In this regard, there are wide opportunities for its use as additives for meat products. In the production of semi-finished meat products, it becomes necessary to maintain a balance in the ratios of minced meat and the vegetable component. If the balance and combination of the plant component with meat raw materials is observed, it is possible to obtain a product with a high content of biologically active compounds, macro- and microelements. Adding a vegetable component to minced meat is a flexible and mobile solution. You can use enriched minced meat in formulations for semi-finished meat products such as: meatballs, meatballs, small meatballs, dumplings, pies, cabbage rolls and other meat products. Such products are characterized by the required organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters for semi-finished meat products. The use of plant components contributes to the increase in the nutritional and biological value of meat products.
USING LOCAL PLANT MATERIALS IN FISH COLD SMOKING
Authors: Vladimtseva Tat'yana , Kozina Elena
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the scientific experiment is to study the use of local plant materials for cold-smoked fish. Tasks: to study the organoleptic features of cold-smoked herring of control and experimental samples; to investigate the chemical indicators of herring; to study the microbiological parameters of the studied samples; to give an economic assessment of research. In three options under study herring was smoked using: in the control variant – aspen chips, in the 1st experimental variant – rowan wood chips, and in the 2nd – pine nut shells. In all variants, the herring retained its taste properties, acquired: in the control variant, a rich tart aroma, in the 1st variant – a light rowan aroma, in the 2nd variant – a harsh aroma of pine nuts. The surface of the fish of the control variant was dry; the surface of the experimental variants was slightly dry. The color of the fish skin surface was: in the control variant – uniform dark brown with a dense texture, in the 1st experimental variant – light golden with a delicate dense texture, in the 2nd – brown-golden with a dense texture. Physical and chemical studies showed that in the experimental variants, the mass fraction of moisture increased by 7.8 and 4.9 %, respectively, compared with the control; the mass fraction of fat in the 1st experimental variant was 0.2 % lower, and in the 2nd experimental variant it was 1.1 % lower than in the control; protein – decreased in experimental variant 2 – by 1.1 % compared with control one and by 1.4 % compared with experimental variant 1; the content of table salt in the control and experimental variants remained unchanged. Option 1 has the best degree of staining, as indicated by a higher optical density coefficient (0.66). The total number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative aerobic microorganisms (QMAFAnM) in experimental variants 1 and 2 decreased by half compared to the control, and pathogenic microorganisms were not detected. An economic analysis has shown that it is more profitable to use rowan wood chips for cold smoking herring.
ALIMENTARY MEANS OF PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION
Authors: Donskaya Galina , Krekker Lyudmila , Kolosova Elena , Drozhzhin Viktor
Published: December 2024

It is known that contamination of the environment with radioactive substances caused by an accident at nuclear power facilities or the use of nuclear weapons leads to exposure of the population, followed by a cascade of extremely negative pathological processes in the body. The consequence of elevated levels of radiation can be leukemia, oncology, infertility, cardiovascular disease, impaired immunity, and damage to the skeletal system. Radionuclides released into the atmosphere, migrating along the food chain, enter the human body and become long-term sources of radiation. The purpose of the work is to show the feasibility of creating alimentary means of protection against radiation based on dairy products in an unfavorable radiation environment. Reducing the radiation load can be achieved by modifying dairy products with substances – radioprotectors that have a protective effect when introduced into the body before or during exposure to ionizing radiation; substances – mitigators, administered after exposure to ionizing radiation, but before the appearance of clinical signs of radiation injury. Radionuclide antagonists can be considered as such ingredients of dairy products formulas: potassium, calcium and iodine, substances that help reduce the effect of radioactivity and eliminate radiation; antioxidants that weaken the effect of sources of radiation damage and stop oxidative processes. Among a large range of products, preference should be given to natural sources of radioprotectors, since their use can be less complicated by side effects and changes in the nutritional and biological value of dairy products.
SOWING METHOD AND SEEDING RATE SIGNIFICANCE IN THE GENERATIVE TRAITS FORMATION IN BUCKWHEAT VARIETIES
Authors: Nikitina Vera , Vagner V.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of research: to identify the effect of sowing methods and seeding rates on the formation of generative organs in buckwheat varieties in the forest-steppe zone of the South Minusinsk District. The experiments were carried out in 2019–2021 OPH Kuraginskoe. The predecessor is sowing oats. The objects of study were 2 varieties of buckwheat: Zemlyachka (SRI Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Ufa), Zhdanka (OPH Kuraginskoe); 2 sowing methods (row: row spacing 15 cm; inter-row – 30 cm) and 3 seeding rates: 2.5; 1.8 and 1.2 million viable seeds per 1 ha. The area of the plots in the experiment was 250 m2, in triplicate. Significant genotypic differences in the number of inflorescences and fruits per plant, grain weight from 1 plant were received. Weather conditions during the growing season had a significant impact on the formation of the number of flowers in the inflorescence and on the plant, the number of fruits and grain weight per plant, and the realization of flowers into grains. Significant phenotypic variability caused by vegetation conditions was obtained by the number of flowers in the inflorescence (68.8 %) and per plant (28.5 %), the realization of flowers in grains (48.8 %), the weight of grain per plant (35.5 %). Seeding rates have a significant effect on the formation of the number of fruits (51.8 %) and inflorescences (25.6 %) per plant, grain mass per plant (37.4 %). The lowest values were found for all studied traits at a seeding rate of 2.5 million, the highest – 1.2 million viable seeds per 1 ha. The method of sowing significantly affects the formation of the number of inflorescences and fruits per 1 plant, flowers per inflorescence and the mass of grain per 1 plant. The best values in terms of the number of inflorescences (18.3 pcs.), flowers per inflorescence (36.2 pcs.), grain content (63.8 pcs.) and grain weight per plant (1.76 g) were given by the intercropping method compared with the row seeding.The best values for the number of inflorescences (18.3 pieces), flowers in inflorescence (36.2), graining (63.8 pieces) and weight of grain per plant (1.76 g) gave the intercropping method compared with the row seeding. Percentage of realization of flowers into grains in the studied years ranged from 7.4 to 14.4 %, seeding rate – 9.2 to 12.2 %. Percentage of flower realization into grains in both varieties correlates positively with GTC of the first (r = 0.599…0.622) and second decade of June (r = 0.659…0.759), second decade August (r = 0.585…0.599), negatively with second decade of July (r = –0.509…–0.523). The studied varieties have different reactions to the main meteorological factors in terms of the number of flowers in the inflorescence and the mass of grain per plant.
BREEDING FOR INCREASING IMMUNITY WHEN CREATING NEW SOYBEAN VARIETIES
Authors: Fokina Evgeniya , Razancvey Dina
Published: December 2024

The purpose of research is to study the immunological properties of the working collection and local soybean samples, to identify the sources of disease resistance in the southern zone of the Amur Region in order to create immune varieties. Phytopathological assessment to determine the degree of resistance to bacteriosis, Septoria blight, Cercospora blight, downy mildew, Phyllosticta leaf blight and root rot under natural infectious background was carried out in 2010–2021, during the period of mass flowering of plants. Excessively wet years (2010, 2013, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021) were the most favorable for the development of causative agents of Septoria blight, downy mildew and Cercospora blight. During the study period, the manifestation of Phyllosticta leaf blight and bacteriosis on the studied soybean samples was insignificant, 80 % of the analyzed material was characterized by resistance and low susceptibility to root rot. Based on immunological analysis, genetic sources of resistance were identified: to Septoria blight (24 samples), downy mildew (31 samples), Cercospora blight (29 samples), and root rot (18 samples), a number of which were included in crosses. For the period 2010–2021, with the participation of sources of resistance, 403 hybrid combinations of soybeans were obtained, 27 new highly productive soybean varieties with a high immune status were transferred to the SSI, 18 of which were included in the State Register for use in production. In the nursery of competitive variety testing (KSI), for the three-year period (2019–2021) 8 samples of soybeans were identified – Am.2454, Am.2464 Am.2466, Am.2502, Am.2522, Am.2524, Am.2431, Am.2437, characterized by a high yield of 2.54–2.85 t/ha (0.15–0.27 t/ha to st.), complex resistance to pathogens, which are promising material for creating future varieties.
RELATION BETWEEN DEMOGRAPHY AND FOOD CONSUMPTION IN HENOSEPILACHNA VIGINTIOCTOMACULATA MOTCH.
Authors: Macishina Nataliya , Ermak Marina , Fisenko Petr , Sobko Ol'ga
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study is to analyze data on the demographic structure of the potato ladybug population and the rate of consumption of the food substrate using survival tables. The study used 100 eggs of the Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata potato ladybug. The time of development of each stage, the immature period, the total period before oviposition, the days of oviposition, and the fecundity of females, as well as the level of consumption of the food substrate, were taken into account. The data obtained were described using survival tables. It was found that the adult stage and life expectancy were significantly longer in males than in females and amounted to 160.12 ± 2.14 – 220.81 ± 2.14 and 199.09 ± 1.21 – 265.18 ± 1.21 respectively. There were no significant differences in the time of development of other stages between the sexes. The maximum daily fecundity of one individual was 101 eggs. The maximum lifetime fecundity per female was 3185 eggs, while the average female fecundity (F) was 1439 eggs. The average lifespan of females was significantly shorter than that of males, resulting in lower leaf consumption in adult females. So for adult females and males, leaf consumption was 160.15 and 220.52 cm2, respectively. The transformation coefficient Qp was 0.129, which means that the potato ladybug required 0.129 cm2 of S. tuberosum leaves to produce one egg. The final consumption ratio was 0.1293 cm2/day. It was found that the range of variability in population growth varies from 1.1304 ± 0.0057 – 1.1483 ± 0.0036, which indicates a low degree of variability in the growth of the potato ladybug population.
FLORISTIC ZONING OF COMMON BLUEBERRIES GROWING IN THE NATURAL CONDITIONS OF THE AMUR REGION
Authors: Berkal I
Published: December 2024

The Amur Region is rich and unique in its natural resources. The vegetation is diverse and original; frost-resistant and heat-loving species, broad-leaved, mixed and coniferous plantations are combined. Along with the main products that forestry receives, non-timber products also play an important role. Among the large number of non-timber natural resources growing in the Amur Region, blueberries are of great scientific and practical interest. The mass placement of berry-growers is observed in the central and northern forest zones of the Amur Region. The maximum fruiting volume of common blueberry (2.1 t/ha) was obtained on the territory of the Shymanovsky forestry, the studied fruits averaged 0.5×0.9 cm. The chemical composition of blueberries is represented by a variety of compounds. The highest indicators in terms of the content of mineral substances (potassium – 68 mg/100 g, magnesium – 9 mg/100 g) are distinguished by a berry growing in the Tynda District. Blueberries are an excellent natural antioxidant and therefore are able to have a general health-improving, restorative and tonic effect on the body. The berry, the beneficial properties of which help to improve health, should be in the diet of every person. In the berries collected in the study areas, toxic elements such as arsenic, mercury and cadmium were practically not found. The content of lead in the fruits of the Svobodnensk District is 25 % below the MPC. Blueberries are an environmentally friendly product collected on the territory of the Amur Region. Common blueberry can serve as a basis for the development of non-timber forest products, their harvesting and processing in the conditions of the Amur Region.
EVALUATION OF REMONTANT TYPE RASPBERRIES ORIGINAL FORMS AND PROGENY BY SOLUBLE DRY SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN FRUITS
Authors: Evdokimenko Sergey
Published: December 2024

The objective of research is to evaluate the source material of remontant raspberries for the content of soluble dry substances (SDS) in fruits in the conditions of the Non-Black Earth Region of Russia, to identify the possibility of increasing this indicator through selection and to identify promising crossbreeding combinations. The study was conducted in 2021–2023 on experimental plots of the Kokino Base Station
(Bryansk Region). The objects of research are fruits of 28 remontant raspberry varieties, as well as 466 hybrid seedlings of 7 crossbreeding combinations. The studies were carried out in accordance with gene-rally accepted methods. On average, the level of SDM accumulation for all varieties was almost the same annually and amounted to 9.3 °Brix. The range of variation of the studied indicator was from 6.9 °Brix for the Nizhegorodets variety (2021) to 11.7 °Brix for the Brice variety and the selected form 1-16-11 (2023). On average, over the years of research, the varieties Atlant, Poklon Kazakovu, Karamel'ka and Bab'e Leto were among the best in terms of accumulation of SDS in fruits (10.2–10.4 °Brix). The hybrid offspring of the cross combinations were mainly represented by seedlings with a low (< 8 °Brix) and medium (8.0–10.0 °Brix) level of SDS accumulation in fruits. Hybrids with increased accumulation of SDS (10.1–12.0 °Brix) were isolated in all the studied families, but their share was significantly lower – 4.7–10.9 %. The number of seedlings with a high level of the trait (> 12.0 °Brix) was even lower – 1.7–6.9 %, and such genotypes were not found in all families. The best transgressive seedlings accumulated an average of 12.1–12.3 % of SDS. In the family Podarok Kashinu × 1-16-11, 2 genotypes with the maximum content of SDS (13.2 and 14.0 %) were isolated. The selection of transgressive seedlings indicates the possibility of increasing the level of SDS by selection.
ASSESSMENT OF SOME ENDOGENOUS FACTORS INFLUENCE ON UROLITHIASIS INCIDENCE IN DOGS AND CATS IN THE CITY OF ABAKAN
Authors: Skladneva Evgeniya
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study is to analyze the prevalence of urolithiasis in dogs and cats in Abakan in 2021–2023 and to assess the influence of some endogenous factors on the possibility of urolithiasis formation. In order to identify the incidence of urolithiasis in dogs and cats in Abakan, comprehensive retrospective and prospective studies were carried out using primary documents (outpatient journals, outpatient cards, patient medical histories) of veterinary institutions (clinics, offices, points, animal disease control stations) in Abakan, Republic of Khakassia, for the period from 01/01/2021 to 12/31/2023. The total number of outpatients admitted during the reporting period, the number of patients with urinary tract pathologies, inclu-ding the number of animals with newly diagnosed urolithiasis, were assessed. The species, age, sex, size and condition of the animal were taken into account. A comprehensive examination of 9,074 cats and 7,433 dogs living in the city of Abakan was conducted. During the specified period, 359 cats and 208 dogs with urolithiasis were identified. It was found that the incidence of urinary tract pathologies is 34.15% in cats and 17.65 % in dogs. Urolithiasis accounts for 11.58 % of cases in cats and 15.86 % of cases in dogs. The main endogenous factors influencing the occurrence of urolithiasis in dogs and cats are age (urolithiasis was more common among groups of dogs and cats of reproductive age), gender (urolithiasis was more often recorded in neutered male dogs and cats), early castration (only in male cats), excess weight, and belonging to a small size group (only in dogs).
FEEDING ANALYSIS OF STAG MARALS DURING THE PERIOD OF VELVET ANTLER GROWTH
Authors: Tishkova Elena
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study is to examine the diets of stag marals during the antler growth period in some stag farms using feed additives. Objectives: to examine the composition of diets using feed additives; to determine the productivity of the stag herd and the gross yield of antler products. The study was conducted in stag farms of the Altai Region (n = 6) with different feeding rations during free large-group maintenance of marals on feeding areas using coarse, succulent and concentrated feeds as the main types of feed. Scientifically based feeding rates recommended for stag marals were used. In the analyzed farms, during the antler growth period (March – May), various feed additives in the form of rapeseed cake, feed mixture or compound feed were added to the main diet of the stags. The efficiency of using feed additives in the main diet of stag marals and their effect on antler productivity were assessed using generally accepted methods in animal science. The use of feed additives allows not only to increase the nutritional value of the main diets of marals, but also to enrich them with macro- and microelements that are lacking in the spring during the growth of antlers, thereby increasing the productivity of stags from 1.3 to 11.7 %; the gross yield of raw antlers – up to 14.17 %. The best result was obtained at Maral Farm № 1, where brewer's grains were added to the maral diet: the productivity of stags increased by 11.7 % and the total gross yield by 14.7 %, with the cost of 1.1 feed units per kilogram of antlers. The diet with the use of feed mixture for maral stags at Maral Farm № 4 turned out to be optimal, it made it possible to achieve 7.9 kg of raw antlers per stag with low costs of feed units per kilogram of antlers (0.9 feed units) and the gross yield of antlers is 5,985.2 kg. Rations with the inclusion of other feed additives also increase the productivity of stags, but lead to an increase in costs per unit of production.
QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF MUFFINS ENRICHED WITH BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM PLANT SOURCES
Authors: Babuhadiya Ketevag , Pakusina Antonina , Pashina Lyubov' , Shkolnikov Pavel , Bucik Irina , Kalinina Oksana
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study is to investigate the quality indicators of muffins enriched with biologically active substances of local plant sources. Objectives: analysis of effective alternative plant sources of biologically active substances; study of their chemical composition and properties and the possibility of including them in the recipe; development of a technology for preparing muffins with increased nutritional value. The stu-dies were conducted at the Far Eastern State Agrarian University. In the course of the work, generally accepted methods for studying the properties of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products were used. The finished muffins were assessed according to the following indicators: organoleptic indicators – according to GOST 5897-90; mass fraction of moisture - according to GOST 5900-2014; alkalinity – according to GOST 5898-2022, wettability – according to GOST 10114-80. In the study, non-traditional raw materials of Far Eastern origin were used as plant sources of biologically active substances – Dahurian rose (Rosa davurica Pall.), Victoria rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum Victoria) and Dahurian larch extract (Lárix gmélinii) – Lavitol-arabinogalactan (TU 9325-008-70692152-08). The paper presents the development of an enriched muffin recipe with a complete replacement of the recipe amount of raisins with candied rhubarb and the inclusion of 6 % rosehip powder and 3 % Lavitol-arabinogalactan to the mass of flour. The use of non-traditional plant raw materials had a positive effect on both the rheological properties of the muffin dough and the finished product, as well as on their organoleptic properties, and the content of a large number of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and other components in the raw materials contributed to a decrease in caloric content and an increase in the nutritional and biological value of the muffins.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BASIC TILLAGE, HERBICIDES AND PRECURSORS IN REDUCING CROPS, SOIL AND GRAIN INFESTATION OF SPRING WHEAT
Authors: Ivchenko Vladimir , Polosina Valentina , Savenkova  Viktorovna Elena , Boginya Nikolay , Luganceva Mariya
Published: December 2024

The objective of research is to determine the general system of primary tillage, herbicides and predecessors for weed infestation of crops, soil and grain of spring wheat. Field experiments were conducted at the Minderlinskoye educational and experimental farm of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University on the experimental field in 2022 and 2023 in a grain-fallow-row crop rotation with the following crop alternation: green manure (mustard) fallow – spring wheat – barley – corn – spring wheat. The soil of the experimental field was represented by leached chernozem with high humus content. The layout of the experimental field includes options with moldboard cultivation (plowing to 20–22 cm) and without primary surface cultivation. Experimental data obtained over two years are presented. The vegetation period of 2022 was more moisturizing compared to the average data. Unlike the year, the vegetation period of 2023 was characterized as dry. In general, the amount of weed component with the addition of a tank mixture of herbicides was applied without plowing. In this case, the total number of weeds in spring wheat crops was 110–112 pcs/m2. In the variant with moldboard cultivation, the number of weeds varied within 56–74 pcs/m2. In the variant without primary tillage, a significant increase in the proportion of perennial weeds was noted compared to the variant with plowing. The introduction of a tank mixture of herbicides did not lead to a significant change in the ratio of biological groups of perennial and annual weeds. A positive role of green manure mustard fallow in reducing the degree of infestation of crops with perennial weeds and spring wheat grain with weed seeds was established.
OPTIMIZATION OF FLUIDIZATION MODE ENERGY COSTS WHEN FREEZING SERVICEBERRY FRUITS
Authors: Korotkiy Igor , Rasshchepkin Aleksandr , Korotkaya Elena , Lifenceva Lyudmila
Published: December 2024

ve of the study is to optimize the energy costs of the fluidization mode when freezing serviceberry. Tasks: to create a methodology for calculating the energy costs required to organize the fruit fluidization mode in an air fluidization apparatus; to determine the critical fluidization rates when freezing serviceberry at different temperature modes of low-temperature processing; to determine the operating range of fluidization rates in a quick-freezing apparatus, ensuring the formation of a pseudo-fluidized layer and eliminating the carryover of fruits from the working area when freezing serviceberry; to determine the range of air movement rates during fluidization freezing, ensuring the minimum level of energy costs du¬ring the process. When solving the problem of optimizing these parameters, the similarity theory and criterial equations of heat exchange under forced convection conditions were used. The paper presents equations for determining the aerodynamic resistance of a fluidized bed, the boundaries of the fluidization mode with critical speeds w’, w”, and the amount of energy (LA) required to ensure the circulation of the required amount of air at a given speed. Graphs of the duration of freezing of serviceberry under various low-temperature processing modes are presented, which allows optimizing the process and ensures high efficiency of freezing products. The energy costs for creating and maintaining the fluidization mode in the working area of a quick-freezing apparatus for freezing serviceberry are determined depending on the speed and temperature of the air environment. The calculation results indicate that the optimal air velocity in the temperature range from minus 20 °C to minus 45 °C, at which the energy costs for organizing the fluidization mode in the working area of the quick-freezing apparatus will be minimal, is 6 m/s.
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF PROTEIN CONTENT REGULARITY IN A TEXTURATE MIXTURE FROM NATIVE AND SPROUTED GRAIN AND FLOUR
Authors: Chapligina Irina , Matyushev Vasily , Belyakov Aleksey , Semenov Aleksandr
Published: December 2024

The objective of research is to reveal the patterns of change in the protein content in a mixture of texturate from native and sprouted grain and flour depending on the contribution of the constituent components in order to predict the functional properties of the semi-finished product. Objectives: to develop a mathematical model for predicting the protein content in the semi-finished product. A technological line was developed at the Engineering Center of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, a design for grain germination was patented, the modes were substantiated and the features of operation were identified. Native wheat was used as the main raw material, and sprouted soybean, corn, oat and other grains served as additional components. The preparatory stage of research included: grain germination, mixing with native wheat grain in proportions of 10; 15; 20; 25 %, respectively. At the main level of the study, the mixture was extruded, textured flour was obtained and it was added in proportions of 3; 5; 7; 10 % in the composition of flour mixtures based on premium, 1st, 2nd grade flour and wholemeal flour. A mathematical model is proposed that reveals the patterns of change in protein content in a mixture of texturate from native and sprouted grain and flour depending on the contribution of the constituent components to predict the functional properties of the semi-finished product. The final model is adapted to obtain mixtures of flour, respectively, from texturate with sprouted grain of soybeans, corn, oats and others in ratios of 10; 15; 20; 25 % and premium flour, 1st, 2nd grade, wholemeal flour – 3; 5; 7; 10 %.
MODELING THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF CUTTING NORTHERN REINDEER ANTLERS
Authors: Nevzorov Viktor , Manasyan Sergey , Matskevich Igor' , Teplyashin Vasily , Oleynikova Elena
Published: December 2024

The objective of the study is to simulate the technological process of cutting reindeer antlers for the development of new technological equipment. Tasks: study of physical parameters of reindeer antlers; ma-thematical description of the antler cutting process; determination of the main parameters of the technolo-gical equipment for cutting reindeer antlers. The object of the study is reindeer antlers harvested in the Surindinsky Experimental Farm of the Evenk Municipal District. The subject of the study is the technological parameters of the equipment for cutting reindeer antlers. The physical parameters of reindeer antlers were studied by measuring the main parameters of 31 freshly cut antlers and their subsequent processing using statistical methods. It was found that the mathematical equation of the relationship between the antler mass and the cut diameter, the mass and length of the antlers has a linear dependence, the tightness of the relationship by the correlation coefficient is r1 = 0.8, r2 = 0.79, which shows a high tightness of the relationship between the variable parameters. Mathematical modeling of the technological process of cutting antlers was carried out using the theory of deformation and cutting, and the coefficient of elasticity primarily depends on the diameter along the cutting line, as well as the period of cutting the antlers. To solve the problem of squeezing in order to reduce the blood loss of the animal, longitudinal deformation is not needed, to ensure a gentle technology for cutting antlers, it is necessary to ensure the continuity of the cutting process, and the sharpening angle of the cutting surface is important to ensure the squeezing process. The results of the conducted research showed that the main technological parameters for designing new technological equipment are the average size of the antler cut diameter (D = 45 mm), the compression force of the cutting mechanism (F = 2500 N), the sharpening angle of the cutting mechanism blade (δ = 60°) to ensure the process of squeezing the outer surface of the antler diameter with the possibility of squeezing blood vessels.
EXPERIMENTAL DATA SURVEY ANALYSIS TO ASSESS UAVS CHARACTERISTICS TO SPRAY CROPS IN PRECISION FARMING
Authors: Kovalev Igor' , Shaporova Zinaida , Kovalev Dmitriy
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study is to conduct a review analysis of experimental data to evaluate the performance of UAVs for crop spraying in precision agriculture. The presented experimental data reflects the results of testing and evaluating the effectiveness of UAVs for pesticide spraying in China, where UAVs for crop protection have been rapidly developed in recent years. The data are presented for four commonly used UAV types in China: single-rotor gas-powered UAVs 3WQF120-12 and 3CD-15; six-rotor electric UAV WSZ-0610; single-rotor electric UAV HY-B-15L. Although these UAVs have different characteristics, the analysis of experiments conducted by Chinese researchers provides objective information on their effectiveness in pesticide spraying, and also gives an idea of the development status of such UAVs in China. The spray zones, permeability, droplet density and UAV efficiency in field conditions for given areas of treated sites were studied. The analysis of typical UAV malfunctions during transport and technological operations du¬ring crop spraying is presented. The analysis of the failure rate of UAVs of the considered types showed the time spent on troubleshooting from the total operating time. The data on the time spent on ground handling, preparatory work, route planning are presented. The net operating time was about 30 %. A review of the works in the considered research area allows us to state that, in general, the high efficiency of UAVs has not been fully achieved. Both the characteristics of the UAVs themselves used for crop spraying and the transport and technological operations, including ground handling and flight control, still require further improvement. In order to increase the efficiency of UAVs and achieve satisfactory values for the ope¬rations performed, it is important to conduct preliminary studies to assess the time and resource costs of implementing the UAV transport and technological cycle. This will ensure optimal and safe aerial spraying in precision farming systems.
SEARCH FOR PROMISING GENOTYPES TO REGULATE LIPID COMPLEX IN GRAIN DURING TARGETED OAT BREEDING
Authors: Eremin Dmitriy , Lyubimova Anna
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study is to evaluate the collection of hulled and naked oats for oil content to identify promising parental forms for targeted selection. The studies were conducted on an experimental field located in the northern forest-steppe of the Trans-Urals. The collection was represented by 106 genotypes of domestic and foreign selection, of which 80 belonged to the hulled subspecies, 26 to the naked one. In the grain of naked samples, the oil content varies from 4.4 to 8.7 %, while in hulled ones it is 3.3–7.4 %. The minimum oil content was recorded in the naked forms: Large hulless × Red rustproof, Sibirskij golozernyj, Numbat, Sallust, Pomor – an average of 4.4–4.7 %. Among the filmy genotypes, the following were distinguished: Marshal, Foma, Prem'er, Eklips, Uralec, Pamyati Bogachkova, Atlet, Sibirskij kormovoj, which had oil content within 3.3–4.1 %. The listed genotypes were characterized by minimal variability of oil content in grain over the years, which makes them promising for breeding aimed at crea-ting new varieties for food purposes. In the studied collection, genotypes with the maximum oil content in grain were noted. Among the naked varieties, these are Samson 57, Azil', Tajdon, Vyatskij golozernyj – the lipid content in the grain was maximum – 7.7–8.7 %. Among the hulled varieties: FF 64-74, Wandering, Grajcar, L'govskij 82, Korifej, Slawko, PJ 244467, Vista, Ulov, Pc 96, AC Rebel, Petrovich – the oil content varied from 5.6 to 7.4 %. These genotypes are promising for breeding oat varieties for grain feed.
SPRING WHEAT SEEDS INFECTION WITH DIFFERENT METHODS OF BASIC SOIL CULTIVATION
Authors: Puchkova Elena , Polosina Valentina , Agbay-ool Aginya
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study is to determine the infection rate of spring wheat seeds depending on different soil cultivation methods. The study was conducted in 2021–2022 at LLC Minderlinskoye of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University. The soil is represented by leached heavy loamy chernozem with an increased humus content (6.1–8.0 %), pH 6.1–7.0. The degree of infection of spring wheat seeds was determined depending on different soil cultivation methods. The object of the study was spring wheat of the Novosibirskaya 31 variety. After harvesting, a phytosanitary examination of the seeds was carried out according to different experimental options. The infection rate of seeds with black germ was assessed on a 5-point scale. Also, the infection rate of seeds was determined during their germination in a humid chamber according to GOST 12044-93. Mathematical processing of the obtained data was carried out using one-way analysis of variance. The prevalence of seeds affected by embryo blackness ranged from 60 to 80 %. The intensity of development ranged from 26.3 to 35.7 %. Direct seeding resulted in accumulation of infection on spring wheat seeds, disease intensity increased by 9.4 % compared to traditional primary til¬lage. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between the studied variants in infestation of spring wheat seedlings with root rot. The lowest intensity was found in the experimental variant with plowing (20.5 %), which is 9.5 percentage points less than in the variant without tillage. The lowest prevalence was found in the variants with a disc harrow and plowing (68 and 76 %, respectively), which is 22 and 14 percentage points less than in the variant without tillage. When studying phytopathogenic microorganisms on Novosibirskaya 31 wheat seeds, such pathogens as Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Bipolaris sp., Penicillium sp. and bacteriosis were found. In all variants of the experiment, representatives of phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria sp. dominated, then in equal proportions Fusarium sp. and Bipolaris sp.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM DEPENDING ON BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS APPLIED ON POTATOES IN THE ALTAI REGION’S OB RIVER AREA
Authors: Kursakova Valentina , Stupina Liliya
Published: December 2024

The research goal is to investigate the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbial cenosis of leached chernozem during potato cultivation using microbiological preparations in the conditions of the Altai Region’s Ob River area. In the experimental field of the Altai State Agrarian University in 2017–2019, in a small-plot experiment with an area of 108 m2, the effect of pre-planting inoculation of potato tubers of the Rosara and Gala varieties with active strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rizoagrin, Mobilin and strain 2P-5) on the microbiological activity and yield was studied in three repetitions. The area under each variety was 54 m2, the area of the accounting plot of each variant was 8.4 m2. The location of the plots was randomized. The site is located in conditions of moderately arid and kolochnaya steppe. The soil is leached chernozem, medium-deep, low-humus, medium-loamy. Humus content is 3.51 %. Planting was carried out in mid-May to a depth of 8–10 cm according to the 30 × 70 cm scheme. Before planting, the tubers were inoculated with the bacterial preparations Rizoagrin, Mobilin and 2P-5 in the recommended doses. The variant without inoculation served as a control. Preparations based on bacterial strains increased the total number of microbial cenosis by 1.3–1.8 times, suppressed the development of fungi during the flowe¬ring phase by 1.1–1.3 times, increased the activity of cellulolytic bacteria by 1.4–2.0 times and increased mineralization processes. The highest microbiological activity of leached chernozem was manifested when using Mobilin to treat tubers before planting. The number of microorganisms using organic and mineral forms of nitrogen and the overall biogenicity of the soil in the root zone of potatoes, both during spring selection and during the flowering and harvesting phases, depend on the interaction of factors – preparation × year. And the number of fungi in the flowering phase depends on the action of biopreparations by 59.17 %. Potato yield closely correlated with the number of soil microflora in all phases of crop development (r = 0.89–0.99) and had a close negative correlation with the number of fungi (r = –0.31…–0.99).