bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress Testing in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Leika Mindaugas , Perez-Saiz Hector , Stankova Olga Ilinichna , Wezel Torsten
Published: May 2020

The paper finds that supervisory stress tests are conducted in more than half of sub-Saharan African countries, particularly in western and southern Africa, and that the number of individual stress tests has grown exponentially since the early 2010s. By contrast, few central banks publish assessments of macro-financial linkages; the focus leans more toward discussing trends and weaknesses within the financial sector than on outside risks that may negatively affect its performance.
Democratic Republic of São Tomé And Príncipe
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: May 2020

This paper presents São Tomé and Príncipe’s Request for Disbursement Under the Rapid Credit Facility (RCF). The authorities of São Tomé and Príncipe have moved swiftly to develop a plan to address the major challenges posed by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The authorities plan to increase well-targeted health and social spending to assist the most vulnerable, support the unemployed, incentivize private businesses to retain workers, and enhance fiscal transparency and good governance. These steps would help cushion the economic impact while ensuring that public funds are spent appropriately. Prudent loan restructuring while maintaining prudential standards will help alleviate liquidity pressures and safeguard financial stability. The authorities’ policies focus on immediate measures to protect against the virus, assistance to the most vulnerable, and countercyclical measures during this crisis. Public financial management will be reinforced to ensure the disbursement is used appropriately and steps will be taken to speed up the recovery next year. The IMF staff assesses that the eligibility requirements for the RCF are met and supports the authorities’ request. While the country is in debt distress due to long-standing external arrears, the debt level is deemed sustainable, and there is adequate capacity to repay the IMF. The financing would help prevent a much more severe and prolonged contraction, with a substantial social impact.
Improving wind farm flow models by learning from operational data
Authors: Schreiber Johannes , Bottasso Carlo L. , Salbert Bastian , Campagnolo Filippo
Published: May 2020

Abstract. This paper describes a method to improve and correct an engineering wind
farm flow model by using operational data. Wind farm models represent an
approximation of reality and therefore often lack accuracy and suffer from
unmodeled physical effects. It is shown here that, by surgically inserting
error terms in the model equations and learning the associated parameters
from operational data, the performance of a baseline model can be improved
significantly. Compared to a purely data-driven approach, the resulting
model encapsulates prior knowledge beyond that contained in the training
data set, which has a number of advantages. To assure a wide applicability
of the method
– also including existing assets – learning here is purely driven by
standard operational (SCADA) data. The proposed method is demonstrated
first using a cluster of three scaled wind turbines operated in a boundary
layer wind tunnel. Given that inflow, wakes, and operational conditions can
be precisely measured in the repeatable and controllable environment of the
wind tunnel, this first application serves the purpose of showing that the
correct error terms can indeed be identified. Next, the method is applied
to a real wind farm situated in a complex terrain environment. Here again
learning from operational data is shown to improve the prediction
capabilities of the baseline model.
Las perspectivas Latinoamericana y Europea de la Economía Solidaria
Authors: Battisti Telles Leomara , Marcuello Servós Carmen , Messias Bittencourt Juliana Vitória
Published: May 2020

La Economía Solidaria se presenta como un modelo económico alternativo y ha sido un tema recurrente tanto en Latinoamérica y como en Europa. Sin embargo, no hay todavía una única definición aceptada con respecto a este modelo alternativo. En ocasiones se utilizan términos conceptualmente distintos, pero interconectados entre sí y, especialmente en relación a Economía Social. Así, el debate sobre la temática de los términos que definen las nuevas experiencias económicas, centradas en valores humanos y de solidaridad, que se oponen al modelo económico vigente, es muy relevante para el avance de esas nuevas formas de hacer economía. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el contexto de la Economía Solidaria a partir de las vertientes latinoamericana y europea. Para ello, se analizan los principales autores acerca del tema, con el fin de examinar los conceptos, definiciones y el reconocimiento legal de la Economía Solidaria en ambos continentes. Asimismo, se estudian las principales plataformas de la Economía Social y Solidaria a nivel nacional, regional y/o mundial. De los resultados, se observa la evolución del concepto de la Economía Solidaria en Latinoamérica y en Europa. Más allá de sus diferentes evoluciones, en ambos continentes la Economía Solidaria se presenta como una economía alternativa al sistema capitalista vigente, que muestra que es posible aportar la solidaridad a las relaciones económicas. Sin embargo, queda pendiente todavía un mayor debate sobre la delimitación conceptual y organizativa de la Economía Solidaria. Asimismo, actualmente ocho países de Latinoamérica y once de Europa reconocen legalmente la Economía Solidaria por medio de leyes, decretos, secretarias y/o institutos lo que muestra los avances realizados.
Research and conceptual cages in the International Political Economy of South American Regionalism
Authors: Vivares Ernesto , Herrera-Vinelli Lorena
Published: May 2020

This article analyses the multiple, contrasting roles and limitations of the dominant IPE regionalist theories in the research about the New South American Regionalism. The article focuses on the methodological dimensions of each research approach, at the North and the South, analyzing the role of theory in research by the deployment of the Weberian concept of ‘iron cages.’ The paper critically examines two levels of categories in global conversations, one international and the other regional, which gathers dominantideas used in research on the IPE regionalism. The first level groups the South American perspectives from inside the region and anchored in dialogue with different international theoretical orientations. These are: the market-led perspective, the multilateral developmentalist, and the post developmental views. The secondlevel of categories includes the Eurocentric regionalism, liberal integration theory, and actor-oriented North American regional perspective.
Palavra de mulher: Virgínia Woolf em “Um teto todo seu”
Authors: Pinheiro Silva Taísa Mara , Garcia Dantielli Assumpção , Lopes-Flois Larissa , Sousa Lucília Maria Abrahão e
Published: May 2020

Objetivando, neste texto, analisar a obra “Um teto todo seu”, de Virginia Woolf, e o modo como a literata expõe a presença/ausência da produção de mulheres nos cânones literários, nosso trabalho divide-se em quatro partes. Na primeira, faremos uma breve discussão acerca do conceito de memória (Pêcheux, 1999), tal como trabalhado na Análise de Discurso. Na segunda, refletiremos sobre a posição ocupada pela mulher na história da literatura ocidental. Na terceira, apresentaremos quem foi Virginia Woolf e os efeitos que sua voz instalou especialmente com a publicação de “Um teto todo seu”, momento em que traremos uma breve análise de recortes da referida obra. Registramos que esse texto de Virginia Woolf (d)enuncia um não lugar social de expressão e inserção da mulher nos cânones literários e nos espaços de discussão de literatura, o que endereça a mulher a uma posição de marginalizada e inferiorizada em relação ao lugar social do homem.
Formação do leitor: experiência intelectual e afetiva
Authors: Saraiva Juracy Assmann , Mügge Ernani , Kaspari Tatiane
Published: May 2020

O artigo valoriza a exploração de textos literários em ambiente escolar a partir do pressuposto de sua importância para a formação do sujeito. Objetiva discutir a dualidade que caracteriza a leitura de textos literários, situada entre o exercício intelectual e o engajamento corporal. Para isso, considera necessário inserir as práticas docentes no circuito dos estudos linguísticos e literários, que estabelecem elos entre linguagem e identidade. Sustentado em reflexão teórica, o artigo expõe um percurso metodológico de análise da obra literária, com potencial para concretizar a experiência estética por meio do processo de exploração linguística, que se congraça à subjetividade do imaginário de cada leitor, à natureza coletiva da linguagem e ao substrato social em que a literatura circula.
Investigating the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Leisure Coping Strategies among University Students: Eskişehir Technical University Case
Authors: Çevik Hüseyin
Published: May 2020

The problems university students face during their education life often lead to undesirable situations as stress resources. Thus, various methods, techniques and strategies are employed in order to avoid negative effects of stress in their lives. Leisure is one of the effective methods in coping with stress, and leisure coping strategies are “leisure companionship”, “leisure palliative coping” and “leisure mood enhancement”. However, there are few studies in the literature focusing on the relationship between these strategies and perceived stress. Exploring this relationship is believed to provide valuable insights for university administrations so that they might offer effective recreation programs for their students. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between perceived stress and leisure coping strategies. In addition, it examines whether there is a difference in perceived stress and strategies according to time spent for leisure activities and type of leisure participation. The participants of the study are 338 students, who were determined by using convenience sampling method. The data were collected through a survey that consists of three parts. The first part includes Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the second one Leisure Coping Strategies Scale (LCSS) and the third one demographic questions about the participants. The data were analyzed by using Pearson Moment-Product correlation, t-test and ANOVA analyses. According to the findings, there is a negative significant relationship between perceived stress level, leisure coping strategies and its subdimensions. The study also found that perceived stress level of the participants who prefer passive participation in leisure activities is significantly different from that of those who prefer active participation. Similarly, the participants who prefer passive participation in leisure activities is significantly different from those who prefer active participation in terms of leisure coping strategies. In conclusion, the study contributes to the literature with these valuable findings and provides important insights for university campus recreation programs and services.
Assessing Countries Sustainability: A Group Multicriteria Decision Making Methodology Approach
Authors: Castaneda Roberto , Arroyo Pilar , Loza Lourdes
Published: May 2020

Sustainability is a complex and abstract concept. However, policy-makers and representatives of global and regional associations need to assess and track the sustainable development of countries and regions to define a sustainability strategic path. The objective of this research is to propose and validate a methodology to define a simple but proper sustainability index that serves as a proxy for the identification of the segments of most and least advanced countries according to their achievement of the sustainable development goals defined by the United Nations (UN). Several well-known quantitative methodologies are used to first define a summarized index of sustainable development. Second, multicriteria decision-making methods are applied to determine the relative importance of the elements or dimensions comprising the sustainability concept. Then, the simulated judgments of a group of experts is used to compute a group weight vector by applying the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAPH). Different aggregation methods are used to compute the importance that decision-makers assign to the several dimensions of sustainability. Finally, segments of countries generated with the clustering algorithm k-means are rated to identify sustainability benchmark segment(s) and groups of countries in need of support to attain the UN sustainability goals.
Impact of Business Incubators’ Facilities on Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Creation: A Case of Business Incubator in Jordan
Authors: Al-Shamaileh Ibrahim Adnan , Saatci Ezgi Yildirim , Eyamba Patrick Ekpenyong
Published: May 2020

This study aims at reflecting the impact of business incubator facilities on the creation of an entrepreneurial ecosystem with a focus on the major business incubator in Jordan—King Hussein Business Park—as it expanded new land within a critical large expansion plan through five phases with a full occupancy rate. This example shows more details on how to further develop planned entrepreneurial activities to attract new clients to occupy expanded spaces by focusing on creating a supportive ecosystem for entrepreneurship. This study was conducted on the top and middle management of the companies in the business hub KHBP, the sample consisted of (300) directors. In this context, infrastructure, governmental tax benefits, and services provided are hypothesized to have an effect on the entrepreneurial ecosystem in addition to that the outcomes of this study disclose a favorable influence for the facilities on creation supportive entrepreneurial climate. Infrastructure, Governmental law benefits, and services are found to be significant in the creation of a charming business climate for entrepreneurs. The study’s findings demonstrate that countries with scant exchequers face a lot of troubles in creating an attractive and supportive ecosystem for entrepreneurial activities, and they have to get better their business environment for entrepreneurship development. Governmental policies and reforms also play a vital role in making the projects and businesses much simply.
Nynorskforfattarar reiser heim. Fire Garborg-forteljingar – fire museum
Authors: Hoel Oddmund
Published: May 2020

In 1924 the author Arne Garborg’s summer house Knudaheio in Time, Rogaland, was turned into an authentic house museum, at that time the fifth author museum in Norway and the third dedicated to an author writing in Nynorsk. Three more Garborg museums opened in 1951, 1996 and 2012, also including his wife, the author and cultural worker Hulda Garborg. This study compares the Garborg narratives developed and displayed in the four museums. Quite traditional narratives in the two oldest museums differ from the narratives in the two younger where stronger efforts are made to show the relevance of Arne and Hulda Garborg’s life and work today. The Garborg museums are used as a case to investigate what characterizes Nynorsk, and in more general, minority language author museums founded by cultural movements as tools in promoting a linguistic programme.
Politicians' Expressions of Anger and Leadership Evaluations
Authors: Masch Lena
Published: May 2020

This book explores the impact of politicians’ expressions of anger on viewers. Electoral candidates may alter their emotional behaviour strategically during election campaigns as a means of gaining voters’ support. Hence, this study investigates empirically how expressions of anger affect leadership evaluations. An experiment was conducted to establish the impact of politicians’ expressions of emotions on viewers. This study focuses on politicians as a social group, as well as three politicians in particular: Chancellor Angela Merkel; Gregor Gysi, the former parliamentary leader of the Left; and Sigmar Gabriel, the former party leader of the Social Democrats. These three case studies are well-suited to testing the effects of expressions of emotion by political leaders with varying positions in the political system.

Lena Masch is a lecturer at the Institute of Social Sciences at the Heinrich-Heine-Universität in Düsseldorf.
Die Legitimation des Verbotes der Amtsträgerkorruption im Ausland gem. § 335a StGB
Authors: Schunck Peter
Published: May 2020

In dem Werk wird die Vereinbarkeit der durch § 335a StGB strafbaren Auslandskorruption mit dem Völker- und dem Verfassungsrecht untersucht. Dabei wird das Spannungsfeld zwischen völkervertraglicher Verpflichtung und mehrheitlich ungeschriebenen völkerrechtlichen Grenzen – insbesondere dem Nichteinmischungsgrundsatz – beleuchtet. Die hierauf folgende Ermittlung des geschützten Rechtsguts des § 335a StGB ist Ausgangspunkt für die Beantwortung der umstrittenen Frage, inwieweit eine Strafbarkeit von Bestechung und Bestechlichkeit eines jeden Amtsträgers weltweit eine verfassungsrechtliche Rechtfertigung findet. Höchstrichterliche Rechtsprechung zu Delikten, die eine vergleichbare Schutzrichtung aufweisen (u.a. § 89a StGB – Vorbereitung einer schweren staatsgefährdenden Gewalttat), liefert für diese Untersuchung wertvolle Aufschlüsse.
Öffentliches Wirtschaftsrecht
Authors: Knauff Matthias
Published: May 2020

Das Öffentliche Wirtschaftsrecht ist als ein zentraler Teilbereich des Öffentlichen Rechts von erheblicher Relevanz in Ausbildung und Praxis. Das vorliegende Lehrbuch behandelt die unions- und verfassungsrechtlichen Grundlagen, stellt die hoheitliche Marktaufsicht und -ordnung durch das Gewerbe-, Kartell- und Regulierungsrecht dar und nimmt schließlich den Staat als Marktakteur in den Blick, die sich in seiner wirtschaftlichen Betätigung niederschlägt, aber auch durch das Beihilfe- und das Vergaberecht determiniert wird. Die Bezüge zwischen deutschem und EU-Recht werden dabei durchgängig berücksichtigt.

Zahlreiche Beispiele erleichtern das Verständnis und illustrieren die praktische Dimension der angesprochenen Rechtsfragen. Vertiefende Hinweise ermöglichen dem Leser eine weitergehende Auseinandersetzung.
Espacio público en ciudades privadas: centralidades emergentes y su impacto en las periferias metropolitanas de Latinoamérica
Authors: Vidal-Koppmann Sonia
Published: May 2020

En el presente siglo, la dinámica socio-territorial de las regiones metropolitanas en América latina, muestra el impacto del urbanismo de mercado en el paisaje de las periferias urbanas. En este escenario, los límites entre lo s espacios públicos y privados se vuelven difusos, apareciendo nuevos formatos urbanos (barrios cerrados y ciudades privadas). Por ello, nos focalizaremos en el análisis de los espacios públicos dentro de ciudadesprivadas, específicamente en el diseño de sus áreas centrales. Aplicaremos el concepto de centralidades emergentes para diferenciarlas de las áreas centrales pre-existentes en las ciudades abiertas que configuran su entorno. Asimismo, consideraremos la dinámica de interacción entre dichos centros; y reflexionaremos sobre el desarrollo geográfico desigual y la fragmentación socio-territorial, que se va generando a medida que el urbanismo de mercado se vuelve hegemónico en la expansión de las periferias metropolitanas.

In this century, the socio-territorial dynamics of metropolitan regions in Latin America, shows the impact of market urbanism on the landscape of urban peripheries. In this scenario, the boundaries between public and private spaces become diffuse, with the appearance of new urban formats (closed neighborhoods and private cities). Therefore, we will focus on the analysis of public spaces within private cities, specifically in the design of their central areas. We will apply the concept of emerging centralities to differentiate them from the pre-existing central areas in the open cities that make up their environment. We will consider the dynamics of interaction said centers; We will reflect on the unequal geographic development and the socio-territorial fragmentation that is generated as market urbanism becomes hegemonic in the expansion of the metropolitan peripheries.
La integración del riesgo de incendios forestales en el urbanismo: una aproximación normativa, analítica y práctica para el caso de Cataluña
Authors: Serra Davos Marta , Plana Bach Eduard , Cerdan Heredia Rufí
Published: May 2020

En un contexto donde el riesgo de incendio forestal (IF) es latente y la estructura urbanística presenta asentamientos expuestos a este riesgo, la situación derivada de los cambios en los usos del suelo y el cambio climático se traduce en un aumento de la potencial interacción entre los IF y los sistemas urbanos.El trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la capacidad de integración del riesgo de IF en la planificación territorial y urbanística de Cataluña, especialmente desde la perspectiva de la vulnerabilidad de los asentamientos. De este modo, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis comparado entre la información del análisis del riesgo y los requerimientos legales y operativos del sistema de planeamiento, para así poder identificar aspectos presentes, o que sea necesario mejorar para hacer efectiva esta integración. Se han identificado unos procesos clave que hace falta definir e introducir en el sistema de planeamiento para que éste sea capaz de tener en cuenta el riesgo de IF para gestionar el territorio.

In a context where wildfire risk is latent and the urban structure presents exposed settlements, the derivate situation from the land uses changes and the climate change, is translated as an increase of the potential interaction between wildfires and the urban systems.The objective of this research is to analyze the capacity to integrate the wildfire risk into the spatial and urban planning of Catalonia, specially from the perspective of settlement vulnerability. Thereby, it has carried out a comparative analysis between the risk analysis information and the legal and operational requirements of the planning system, in order to identify current aspects or what is necessary to improve, to make effective this integration. It has identified key processes that are necessary to define and introduce in the planning system so that it is able to take into account wildfire risk to manage the territory.
Transformaciones socio-territoriales en la interfase periurbana de Puerto Varas: desarrollo privado y planificación en el área periurbana
Authors: Zerán Ruiz-Clavijo María Pía
Published: May 2020

El acelerado crecimiento de la capacidad productiva de la Región de Los Lagos desde hace tres décadas, impulsado por la actividad acuícola-pesquera, trajo consigo éxito económico y un fuerte crecimiento demográfico que ha generado una dispersión urbana hacia la cuenca del lago Llanquihue, en donde ciudades como Puerto Varas se convierten en las localidades escogidas por los grupos socioeconómicos de mayores ingresos para establecerse. Dentro de este contexto, el sector privado crea una oferta habitacional principalmente en el área periurbana de la ciudad, amparados bajo el DL Nº 3.516 de 1980, reconfigurando el territorio rural con un uso exclusivamente residencial, evidenciando el fuerte sesgo urbano de la planificación y ordenamiento territorial que se ha mantenido al margen del desarrollo armónico del territorio y que reconocea lo rural como el área que está fuera del límite urbano y que se encuentra meramente a la espera de ser urbanizada.

For the past three decades, the accelerated growth of the productive capacity of Los Lagos Region, driven by aquaculture-fishing activity, brought with it economic success and a strong demographic growth that has generated an urban sprawl towards the Llanquihue lake basin, in where cities like Puerto Varas become the localities chosen by the highest income socioeconomic groups to settle. Within that context, the private sector creates a housing offer mainly in the peri-urban area of the city, protected under DL Nº 3.516 of 1980, reconfiguring the rural territory with an exclusively residential use, evidencing the strong urban bias of land-use and urban planning that has been kept out of the harmonious development of the territory and that recognizes the rural as the area that is outside the urban limit and that is merely waiting to be urbanized.
Transformaciones territoriales, políticas públicas y espacios periféricos: conjuntos de vivienda social en Córdoba (Argentina) a una década de su materialización
Authors: Marengo María Cecilia , Elorza Ana Laura , Sosa Florencia
Published: May 2020

La producción del espacio en la periferia se caracteriza por la intensificación de las desigualdades sociales y su correlato de inequidad territorial. El estudio aborda las formas en que la política habitacional ha incidido en la producción de nuevos territorios residenciales, en el caso de Córdoba - Argentina. Reexamina el rol que ésta ha tenido en los procesos de crecimiento urbano y sus efectos en las transformaciones que se producen en los bordes, a partir del análisis de la inserción de barrios-ciudades en la estructura urbana. La configuración y tipos de entornos y las oportunidades relativas de integración urbana en cada localización, derivan de la evolución urbana del contexto inmediato. El proceso muestra como materia pendiente, la inexistencia de una política de acceso al suelo urbanizable para el desarrollo de futuros programas, observando un proceso especulativo, en la conformación del espacio periférico con efectos en las condiciones de informalidad urbana.

The production of space in the periphery is characterized by the intensification of social inequalities and the correlate of territorial inequity. The study addresses the ways in which housing policy has influenced the production of new residential territories, in the case of Córdoba - Argentina. It reexamines the role that this policy has played in the processes of urban growth and the effects on the transformations that occur at the edges, based on the analysis of the insertion of neighborhoods-cities in the urban structure. The configuration and types of environments and the relative opportunities of urban integration in each location derive from the urban evolution of the immediate context. The process shows as pending matter, the lack of a land policy of access to urban land for the development of future programs, observing a speculative process, in the conformation of the peripheral areas with effects in informality conditions.
Cerros isla en una capital latinoamericana: oportunidad de planificación ecológica y elementos para su diseño
Authors: Picon Maria Catalina , Barrera Francisco
Published: May 2020

Santiago de Chile presenta problemas de dotación y accesibilidad a áreas verdes. El contar con grandes parques urbanos homogéneamente distribuidos ha sido objeto de esfuerzos, no obstante, los nuevos parques son cada vez más pequeños. El presente trabajo busca 1- argumentar la oportunidad que ofrecen los cerros isla de Santiago para resolver inequidades asociadas a las áreas verdes, 2- reconocer y describir su rol ecológico-urbano, y 3- proponer aspectos de diseño que enriquezcan social y ecológicamente a los cerros. Sus grandes extensiones y características geográficas y ecosistémicas posibilitan la provisión de múltiples servicios ecosistémicos. Los cerros isla pueden resolver de manera relevante el déficit en áreas verdes y los principales problemas ambientales de la ciudad si es que son bien diseñados. La ciudad seguirá creciendo, pero tiene que hacerlo de manera adecuada y los cerros isla son estratégicos para incrementar su sustentabilidad y resiliencia.

Santiago, Chile's capital city, presents problems on the provision and accessibility to open spaces. Efforts to provide large homogeneously distributed urban parks within the city have not been enough, yet, new urban parks are getting smaller. First, this work argues about the opportunity offered by Santiago’s island-hills to solve social inequities associated with the accessibility to open spaces. Second, recognize and describe their ecological-urban role. And third, propose design aspects that could enrich the hills in social and ecologically way. Their large extension, and geographic and ecosystemic characteristics, make possible the provision of multiple ecosystem services. Within these regards, if they were well preserved and designed, the island-hills could solve Santiago’s deficit of open spaces and main environmental problems. The city will continue to grow;however, it has to do it properly. The island hills are strategic to increase the city’s sustainability and resilience.
5 Tips to Treating Women with Perinatal Depression
Authors: Byatt Nancy , Biebel Kathleen , Debordes-Jackson Gifty , Friedman Liz
Published: May 2020

Approximately 1 in 7 women experience perinatal depression, a depressive episode that occurs during pregnancy or within the first year after delivery or adoption. This tip sheet has 5 ways health care providers can help women who are experiencing perinatal depression.

This tip sheet is based off of Listening to Mothers: What's Helpful for Mothers Experiencing Perinatal Depression.
Expansão urbana e a manutenção da reserva legal no plano diretor: uma análise do crescimento dos grandes centros urbanos frente à imperiosa proteção ambiental
Authors: Barros de Mesquita Thais , Nacur Rezende Elcio
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo trata da manutenção da Reserva Legal nas áreas de expansão urbana. A conservação da vegetação nativa no ambiente urbano contribui para a qualidade de vida dos seus habitantes. Nessa linha, a propriedade urbanística também deve ter seu uso e finalidades direcionados para o interesse coletivo e o equilíbrio do meio ambiente. Conclui-se que o plano diretor desempenha papel essencial no contexto do desenvolvimento sustentável como instrumento responsável por determinar a forma de ocupação dos espaços, materializando as escolhas sociais e políticas fundamentais voltadas à construção do urbano.
As funções do regulador de saneamento básico no Brasil
Authors: Fuezi Barbosa Allan , Marrara Thiago
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo visa analisar as atribuições do regulador no setor de saneamento básico brasileiro, partindo-se das bases da política nacional de saneamento, para a exposição de suas cinco atividades fundamentais (planejamento, organização, regulação, fiscalização e execução). Com base nesse cenário, delimita-se o papel do regulador no setor, destacando suas atribuições gerais e em que medida, no plano do direito positivo e no plano concreto, essa autoridade reguladora assume tarefas de organização de licitações e gestão de contratos em nome dos Municípios como titulares dos serviços públicos.
Struggling to get started
Authors: Tay Andy
Published: May 2020

As the world attempts to cope with the devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers about to start PhDs and postdocs face particular challenges.
Positioning Each Other: A Metasynthesis of Pharmacist-Physician Collaboration
Authors: Rakvaag Hilde , Søreide Gunn Elisabeth , Kjome Reidun Lisbet Skeide
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Interprofessional collaboration between different professions within health care is essential to optimize patient outcomes. Community-pharmacists (CPs) and general-practitioners (GPs) are two professions who are encouraged to increase their collaboration. In this metasynthesis we use a meta-ethnographic approach to examine the interpersonal aspects of this collaboration, as perceived by the professionals themselves. The metasynthesis firstly suggests that CPs and GPs have differing storylines about the cooperation between them. Secondly, CPs seem to position their profession in relation to the GPs, whereas GPs do not rely on the CPs to define their professional position. A successful collaboration between the two professions requires the CPs to reposition themselves through adopting a proactive approach towards the GPs. This proactive approach should comprise the delivery of specific clinical advice, as well as taking responsibility for this advice. In this way, they can build a more coinciding storyline of the joint agenda of improved patientcare.
Los aptámeros como novedosa herramienta diagnóstica y terapéutica y su potencial uso en parasitología
Authors: Ospina Juan David
Published: May 2020

Los aptámeros son secuencias de ADN o ARN de cadena sencilla que adoptan la forma de estructuras tridimensionales únicas, lo cual les permite reconocer un blanco específico con gran afinidad. Sus usos potenciales abarcan, entre otros, el diagnóstico de enfermedades, el desarrollo de nuevos agentes terapéuticos, la detección de riesgos alimentarios, la producción de biosensores, la detección de toxinas, el transporte de fármacos en el organismo y la señalización de nanopartículas.El pegaptanib es el único aptámero aprobado para uso comercial por la Food and Drug Administration (FDA). En parasitología, se destacan los estudios que se vienen realizando en Leishmania spp., con la obtención de aptámeros que reconocen la proteína de unión a poliA (LiPABP) y que pueden tener potencial utilidad en la investigación, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la leishmaniasis. En cuanto a la malaria, se han obtenido aptámeros que permiten identificar eritrocitos infectados e inhiben la formación de rosetas, y otros que prometen ser alternativas para el diagnóstico al detectar de forma específica la proteína lactato deshidrogenasa (PfLDH). Para Cryptosporidium parvuum se han seleccionado aptámeros que detectan ooquistes a partir de alimentos o aguas contaminadas. Para Entamoeba histolytica se han aislado dos aptámeros llamados C4 y C5, que inhiben la proliferación in vitro de los trofozoítos y tienen potencial terapéutico. Los aptámeros contra Trypanosoma cruzi inhiben la invasión de células LLC-MK2 (de riñón de mono) en un 50 a 70 % y aquellos contra T. brucei transportan moléculas tóxicas al lisosoma parasitario como una novedosa estrategia terapéutica.
Comparación de los perfiles de resistencia antimicrobiana de Escherichia coli uropatógena e incidencia de la producción de betalactamasas de espectro extendido en tres establecimientos privados de salud de Perú
Authors: Marcos-Carbajal Pool , Galarza-Pérez Marco , Huancahuire-Vega Salomón , Otiniano-Trujillo Miguel , Soto-Pastrana Javier
Published: May 2020

Introducción. La aparición de enterobacterias multirresistentes y productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido en pacientes ambulatorios con infecciones urinarias representa un problema de salud pública en Perú.Objetivo. Comparar los perfiles de resistencia de Escherichia coli uropatógenas e identificar los fenotipos de cepas productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido en tres establecimientos privados de salud localizados en las regiones de la costa, la sierra y la selva de Perú.Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo durante el 2016 un estudio descriptivo de 98 muestras de orina de pacientes con infección urinaria, 35 procedentes de Lima (costa), 38 de Juliaca (sierra) y 25 de Iquitos (selva), en el que se determinó la sensibilidad antimicrobiana utilizando ocho discos antibióticos.Asimismo, se evaluó la producción de betalactamasas de espectro extendido con discos de cefotaxima, de ceftazidima o de su combinación, con ácido clavulánico en agar Mueller-Hinton.Resultados. Se identificaron 18 perfiles de resistencia que incluían desde los sensibles a todos los antibióticos hasta los resistentes simultáneamente a siete antibióticos, con el 18,4 % de aislamientos resistentes a un antibiótico y el 54,0 % de multirresistentes. Se detectó producción de betalactamasas en el 28,6 % de las cepas procedentes de la región de Puno. También, se observó un mayor número de casos en el rango de edad de 31 a 45 años con resistencia a ceftazidima, ceftriaxona, gentamicina y trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol en el establecimiento de salud de Puno.Conclusión. Los perfiles de resistencia variaron según la localización geográfica del establecimiento de salud.
Purpureocillium lilacinum and Metarhizium marquandii as plant growth-promoting fungi
Authors: Baron Noemi Carla , Souza Pollo Andressa de , Rigobelo Everlon Cid
Published: May 2020

Background

Especially on commodities crops like soybean, maize, cotton, coffee and others, high yields are reached mainly by the intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers. The biological management of crops is a relatively recent concept, and its application has increased expectations about a more sustainable agriculture. The use of fungi as plant bioinoculants has proven to be a useful alternative in this process, and research is deepening on genera and species with some already known potential. In this context, the present study focused on the analysis of the plant growth promotion potential of Purpureocillium lilacinum, Purpureocillium lavendulum and Metarhizium marquandii aiming its use as bioinoculants in maize, bean and soybean.

Methods

Purpureocillium spp. and M. marquandii strains were isolated from soil samples. They were screened for their ability to solubilize phosphorus (P) and produce indoleacetic acid (IAA) and the most promising strains were tested at greenhouse in maize, bean and soybean plants. Growth promotion parameters including plant height, dry mass and contents of P and nitrogen (N) in the plants and in the rhizospheric soil were assessed.

Results

Thirty strains were recovered and characterized as Purpureocillium lilacinum (25), Purpureocillium lavendulum (4) and Metarhizium marquandii (1). From the trial for P solubilization and IAA production, seven strains were selected and inoculated in maize, bean and soybean plants. These strains were able to modify in a different way the evaluated parameters involving plant growth in each crop, and some strains distinctly increased the availability of P and N, for the last, an uncommon occurrence involving these fungi. Moreover, the expected changes identified at the in vitro analysis were not necessarily found in planta. In addition, this study is the first to evaluate the effect of the isolated inoculation of these fungi on the growth promotion of maize, bean and soybean plants.
A new sponge-associated starfish, Astrolirus patricki sp. nov. (Asteroidea: Brisingida: Brisingidae), from the northwestern Pacific seamounts
Authors: Zhang Ruiyan , Zhou Yadong , Xiao Ning , Wang Chunsheng
Published: May 2020

Seamounts are important deep ocean entities that serve as reservoirs for varied types of habitats and fauna. During the Chinese cruises in the northwestern Pacific seamount areas, a new starfish species of order Brisingida, Astrolirus patricki, was found at 1,458–2,125 m depth. All specimens of the new species were observed in situ attaching on hexactinellid sponges, suggesting a possible close relationship between the two taxa. A. patricki sp. nov. is the second known species of the genus, characterized by the abutting plates in the intercostal integument, separated first pair of adambulacral plates and densely distributed proximal spines. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted for order Brisingida to incorporate the new species as well as Hymenodiscus cf. fragilis (Fisher, 1906), Freyella cf. attenuata Sladen, 1889 and two Brisinga spp., for which we present the molecular data for the first time. Phylogenetic trees suggest a close relationship between A. patricki sp. nov. with Brisinga species rather than with Hymenodiscus species, which is inconsistent with morphological taxonomy. This study highlights the distinct morphological and ecological characters of the new species and provides new data for future investigation on Brisingida phylogeny.
Exact integer linear programming solvers outperform simulated annealing for solving conservation planning problems
Authors: Schuster Richard , Hanson Jeffrey O. , Strimas-Mackey Matthew , Bennett Joseph R.
Published: May 2020

The resources available for conserving biodiversity are limited, and so protected areas need to be established in places that will achieve objectives for minimal cost. Two of the main algorithms for solving systematic conservation planning problems are Simulated Annealing (SA) and exact integer linear programing (EILP) solvers. Using a case study in BC, Canada, we compare the cost-effectiveness and processing times of SA used in Marxan versus EILP using both commercial and open-source algorithms. Plans for expanding protected area systems based on EILP algorithms were 12–30% cheaper than plans using SA, due to EILP’s ability to find optimal solutions as opposed to approximations. The best EILP solver we examined was on average 1,071 times faster than the SA algorithm tested. The performance advantages of EILP solvers were also observed when we aimed for spatially compact solutions by including a boundary penalty. One practical advantage of using EILP over SA is that the analysis does not require calibration, saving even more time. Given the performance of EILP solvers, they can be used to generate conservation plans in real-time during stakeholder meetings and can facilitate rapid sensitivity analysis, and contribute to a more transparent, inclusive, and defensible decision-making process.
Identifying Dense NiSe2/CoSe2 Heterointerfaces Coupled with Surface High‐Valence Bimetallic Sites for Synergistically Enhanced Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zheng Xuerong , Han Xiaopeng , Cao Yanhui , Zhang Yan , Nordlund Dennis , Wang Jihui , Chou Shulei , Liu Hui , Li Lanlan , Zhong Cheng , Deng Yida , Hu Wenbin
Published: May 2020

Constructing heterostructures with abundant interfaces is essential for integrating the multiple functionalities in single entities. Herein, the synthesis of NiSe2/CoSe2 heterostructures with different interfacial densities via an innovative strategy of successive ion injection is reported. The resulting hybrid electrocatalyst with dense heterointerfaces exhibits superior electrocatalytic properties in an alkaline electrolyte, superior to other benchmarks and precious metal catalysts. Advanced synchrotron techniques, post structural characterizations, and density functional theory (DFT) simulations reveal that the introduction of atomic‐level interfaces can lower the oxidation overpotential of bimetallic Ni and Co active sites (whereas Ni2+ can be more easily activated than Co2+) and induce the electronic interaction between the core selenides and surface in situ generated oxides/hydroxides, which play a critical role in synergistically reducing energetic barriers and accelerating reaction kinetics for catalyzing the oxygen evolution. Hence, the heterointerface structure facilitates the catalytic performance enhancement via increasing the intrinsic reactivity of metallic atoms and enhancing the synergistic effect between the inner selenides and surface oxidation species. This work not only complements the understanding on the origins of the activity of electrocatalysts based on metal selenides, but also sheds light on further surface and interfacial engineering of advanced hybrid materials.
Photochemical Activity of Black Phosphorus for Near‐Infrared Light Controlled In Situ Biomineralization
Authors: Shao Jundong , Ruan Changshun , Xie Hanhan , Chu Paul K. , Yu Xue‐Feng
Published: May 2020

The photochemical activity of black phosphorus (BP) in near‐infrared (NIR) light controlled in situ biomineralization is investigated. Owing to the excellent NIR absorption, irradiation with NIR light not only promotes degradation of BP into PO43−, but also enhances the chemical activity to accelerate the reaction between PO43− and Ca2+ and promote in situ biomineralization. Mineralization of hydrogels is demonstrated by the preparation of BP incorporated hydrogel (BP@Hydrogel) which delivers greatly improved biomineralization performance under NIR illumination. The biomineralization process which can be controlled by modulating the light irradiation time and location has a high potential in controlling the mechanical properties and osteoinductive ability in tissue engineering. This study also provides insights into the degradation, photochemical activity, and new biological/biomedical applications of BP.
Nightly fasting duration is not associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among non‐shift workers: The Furukawa Nutrition and Health Studymx
Authors: Ueda Mariko , Inoue Yosuke , Hu Huan , Eguchi Masafumi , Islam Zobida , Miki Takako , Fukunaga Ami , Kochi Takeshi , Akter Shamima , Kabe Isamu , Akamatsu Rie , Mizoue Tetsuya
Published: May 2020

Objectives

While several experimental studies in animals and humans have suggested the protective effect of nightly fasting duration (NFD) against cardiometabolic risk factors, few population‐based studies have been conducted. This study aimed to investigate the association between NFD and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Japanese non‐shift workers.

Methods

A subset of 1054 non‐shift workers from the Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study were included in this analysis. Participants completed dietary and lifestyle surveys during a periodic checkup. NFD was defined as the time between dinner and breakfast and was categorized into four groups (ie, ≥12 hours, 11 hours, 10 hours, and ≤9 hours). MetS was defined as ≥3 of the following components: high waist circumference (≥90 cm [men] and ≥80 cm [women]), high triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL), low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (<40 mg/dL [men] and <50 mg/dL [women]), hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg), and high fasting glucose (fasting plasma glucose ≥100 mg/dL or hemoglobin A1c ≥5.6%). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the association between NFD and MetS.

Results

The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of MetS for the highest (≥12 hours) through lowest (≤9 hours) NFD categories were 1.00 (reference), 0.83 (0.51‐1.35), 0.83 (0.48‐1.43), and 0.80 (0.43‐1.48) (P for trend = 0.50) after adjusting for covariates. Further analyses on the relationship between NFD and each MetS component found no significant associations.

Conclusions

We did not find any evidence of a significant association between NFD and MetS among non‐shift workers in Japan.
The value of evaluating the abdominal aorta in patients <50 years of age presenting for abdominal ultrasound
Authors: Necas Martin , Adams Matt , Brennan Orlaith , Curtis Nicole , Heslop Rachel , Woodrow‐Smith Emma
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Practitioners of US routinely include a survey of the abdominal aorta during abdominal US in accordance with international guidelines. Such practice is of uncertain value in younger patients.

Methodology

This study was a retrospective review of 2000 abdominal US examinations which included visualisation of the aorta in patients <50 years of age. Patient demographics and referral details were recorded, and US images and reports were reviewed for the presence of aortic and periaortic pathology.

Results

The most common indications for US were abdominal pain (1337, 44%), deranged liver function tests (453, 15%), nausea and/or vomiting (229, 8%), elevated inflammatory markers (146, 5%), pancreatitis (134, 4%) and pyrexia (127, 4%). Fewer than half (977, 49%) of the reports contained a comment regarding the aorta. Aortic pathology was reported in 2 (0.1%) cases. Both were reported as aortic ectasia and both represented a false‐positive diagnosis. One male patient had a known abdominal aortic aneurysm with endovascular aortic repair. No new aortic aneurysms were found. All cases of atherosclerotic disease were ignored, and none were reported. Periaortic pathology was encountered on 1 patient, but this was known. No case of new periaortic pathology was detected.

Conclusion

Routine and indiscriminate imaging of the abdominal aorta during abdominal US in patients <50 years of age is not evidence based. No new case of abdominal aortic aneurysm or new para‐aortic pathology was detected, all cases of atherosclerosis were ignored, and two false‐positive diagnoses of aortic ectasia were made.