bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond laser-induced spatial-frequency-shifted nanostructures by polarization ellipticity modulation
Authors: Cheng Huachao , Liu Sheng , Li Peng , Liu Feng , Han Lei , Qi Shuxia , Zhong Jinzhan , Guo Xuyue , Zhao Jianlin
Published: August 2021

We demonstrate a prominent spatial frequency shift (SFS) for the femtosecond laser-induced periodic structures by only changing the polarization ellipticity of the working laser. The nanostructures are fabricated on the surfaces of silicon (Si) and zinc selenide (ZnSe) using elliptically polarized femtosecond laser pulses, with the pulse duration of 35 fs, the central wavelength of 800nm, and the repetition rate of 1kHz. The experimental results show that the red- and blue-shift trends of the SFS are individually represented on silicon and zinc selenide with the increased polarization ellipticity, where low- and high-spatial-frequency nano-ripples are fabricated, respectively. These unique phenomena are explained by using the laser-surface plasmon polariton interference mechanism and the effective medium theory. The proposed nanostructures with regulatable period are further used for creating nano-gratings on silicon which perform chirped characteristics.
Enhancing Goos-Hänchen shift based on magnetic dipole quasi-bound states in the continuum in all-dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Zheng Zhiwei , Zhu Ying , Duan Junyi , Qin Meibao , Wu Feng , Xiao Shuyuan
Published: August 2021

Metasurface-mediated bound states in the continuum (BIC) provides a versatile platform for light manipulation at the subwavelength dimension with diverging radiative quality factor and extreme optical localization. In this work, we theoretically propose the magnetic dipole quasi-BIC resonance in asymmetric silicon nanobar metasurfaces to realize giant Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift enhancement by more than three orders of wavelength. In sharp contrast to GH shift based on the Brewster dip or transmission-type resonance, the maximum GH shift here is located at the reflection peak with unity reflectance, which can be conveniently detected in the experiment. By adjusting the asymmetric parameter of metasurfaces, the Q-factor and GH shift can be modulated accordingly. More interestingly, it is found that GH shift exhibits an inverse quadratic dependence on the asymmetric parameter. Furthermore, we theoretically design an ultrasensitive environmental refractive index sensor based on the quasi-BIC enhanced GH shift, with a maximum sensitivity of 1.5×107

μ

m/RIU. Our work not only reveals the essential role of BIC in engineering the basic optical phenomena but also suggests the way for pushing the performance limits of optical communication devices, information storage, wavelength division de/multiplexers, and ultrasensitive sensors.
High power drive laser system for photocathode at IHEP
Authors: Xu Hang , Xu Jinqiang , Li Xiaoping , Feng Liwen , Huang Senlin , Li Jingyi
Published: August 2021

The photocathode drive laser system in the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) has been upgraded. An all-fiber drive laser system has been developed using photonic crystal fibers and photonic crystal rods as the main gain medium. This system has been operated stably. The output infrared (IR) power reaches 116.2 W. The pulse width and maximum output power of the green laser generated by the second harmonic generation (SHG) are less than 2 ps and about 39.4 W, respectively. The SHG efficiency exceeds 60%. This paper introduces the development of the drive laser system and reports the measurement results of the performance test.
Spectral fitting method for obtaining the refractive index and thickness of chalcogenide films
Authors: Mao Ning , Song Baoan , Pan Lei , Liu Xinli , Lin Changgui , Zhang Peiqing , Shen Xiang , Dai Shixun
Published: August 2021

Spectral fitting method (SFM) was proposed to obtain the refractive index (RI) and thickness of chalcogenide films based on transmission spectra. It extended the Swanepoel method to the films on the order of hundreds of nanometers in thickness. The RI and thickness of the films can be obtained quickly and accurately by using the SFM based on the transmission spectrum with only one peak and valley. The method’s reliability theoretically was evaluated by simulation analysis. The results showed that the accuracy of the RI and thickness was better than 0.2% by using the SFM regardless of thin or thick film. Finally, the RI and thickness of the new ultralow loss reversible phase-change material Sb2Se3 films were obtained experimentally by the SFM. This work should provide a useful guideline for obtaining the RI and thickness of the transparent optical films.
Cost-effective and robust DSP scheme for a short-reach coherent system in the presence of transmitter IQ skew and chromatic dispersion
Authors: Yang Yanfu , Xiang Qian , Zuo Tianjian , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Qun , Liu Lei , Zhang Sen , Yao Yong
Published: August 2021

A cost-effective and robust digital signal processing (DSP) scheme is proposed and demonstrated experimentally in a coherent 61 GBaud PDM 16QAM system. In our scheme, multi-stage DSP blocks are used to deal with channel effects, transceiver in-phase and quadrature (IQ) skew, and phase noise. A

4

×

4

real-valued multiple-input multiple-output (RV-MIMO) with

N

1

taps is for polarization recovery and receiver IQ skew calibration. After frequency offset compensation, two

2

×

2

RV-MIMO with

N

2

taps are used to compensate for chromatic dispersion (CD), inter-symbol interference, transmitter IQ skew, and phase noise. Finally, the residual phase noise is eliminated by the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator. The experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme provides better received optical power sensitivity and CD tolerance than the existing simplified DSP schemes. In addition, the proposed scheme can tolerate transmitter IQ skew up to 7 ps in a 10 km case, which outperforms both simplified and conventional DSP schemes. Meanwhile, the proposed scheme can keep the same transceiver IQ skew and CD tolerance and has reduced complexity by 25% after 10 km links, compared to

4

×

4

RV-MIMO followed by a transmitter skew compensator. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed scheme is the most cost-effective solution for a high baud rate datacenter interconnects where transmitter IQ skew and CD have to be dealt with.
Impact of heavy pruning on development and photosynthesis of Tilia cordata Mill. trees
Authors: Suchocka Marzena , Swoczyna Tatiana , Kosno-Jończy Joanna , Kalaji Hazem M.
Published: August 2021

Tree pruning is carried out to reduce conflict with infrastructure, buildings, and any other human activity. However, heavy pruning may result in a diminished tree crown capacity for sugar production and exposure to fungal infection. This risk leads to a decrease in tree stability or vigour. In this work, we analysed the effect of heavy pruning of roadside trees on the photosynthetic performance process compared to neighbouring unpruned trees. Four years of tree crown growth was studied by terrestrial imaging. Tree vitality (Roloff’s classification) and risk (Visual Tree Assessment) were evaluated. Over-pruned trees showed intensified photosynthetic efficiency during the growing season following pruning. Particularly ET0/TR0and PIABStended to increase in pruned trees while higher Fv/Fmwas noted only in late October, suggesting delayed leaf senescence. After four years, pruned trees rebuilt their crowns, however not in their entirety. Results obtained from biometric, vitality, and risk assessment showed high differentiation in pruned tree crown recovery. Our results revealed that despite the intensified efforts of trees to recover from wounding effects, severe pruning evokes dieback occurrence and a higher risk of failure in mature trees.
Governmental governance of host countries and cross-border merger and acquisition performance: Evidence from listed enterprises in China
Authors: Liu Kun , Wu Shiyi , Guo Na
Published: August 2021

With globalization, the cases of Chinese enterprises’ cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are increasing rapidly. The institutional environment of the host country has become an important factor influencing M&A performance, which has a profound impact on the success or failure of cross-border M&A. Based on this, for our study, we selected cases of cross-border M&A of listed companies in China from 2007 to 2018 as research samples to empirically test the impact of the host country’s governance capacity on the cross-border M&A performance of acquirers. It was found that the host country’s governance capacity has a negative effect on the M&A performance in the short term, but in the long term, it can effectively improve the cross-border M&A performance of acquirers. At the same time, specific to the relationship between the governmental governance capacity of six different dimensions and long-term M&A performance, the government effectiveness, regulation quality, and rule of law have the most significant promotional effect on long-term M&A performance. This implies that acquirers should focus on the long-term impact of governmental governance capacity on M&A, and consciously lean toward countries with strong governance capacity in order to obtain long-term value growth when arranging overseas M&A activities. The conclusion of this paper provides a reliable basis on which for companies to achieve sustainable growth in complex economic activities.
Exploring variables associated with medication non-adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Al-Qerem Walid , Jarab Anan S. , Badinjki Mohammad , Hyassat Dana , Qarqaz Raghda
Published: August 2021

Objective

This study aims to assess medication adherence and explore its predictors in outpatients with type 2 diabetes.

Method

This cross-sectional study collected socio-demographics, disease-related information, and different biomedical variables for type 2 diabetes patients attending a Jordanian Diabetes center. The four-item medication adherence scale (4-IMAS) and the beliefs about medications questionnaire (BMQ) which includes necessity and concerns were used. Stepwise backward quartile regression models were conducted to evaluate variables associated with the Necessity and Concerns scores. Stepwise ordinal regression was conducted to evaluate variables associated with adherence.

Results

287 diabetic patients participated in the study. Almost half of the participants (46.5%) reported moderate adherence and 12.2% reported low adherence. Significant predictors of the adherence were necessity score (OR = 14.86, p <0.01), concern score (OR = 0.36, p <0.05), and frequency of medication administration (OR = 0.88, p- <0.01). Education was a significant predictor of Necessity and Concerns scores (β = 0.48, -0.2, respectively).

Conclusion

Simplifying the medication regimen, emphasizing medication necessity and overcoming medication concerns should be targeted in future diabetes intervention programs to improve medication adherence and hence glycemic control among diabetic patients.
Art as contextual element in improving hospital patients’ well-being: A scoping review
Authors: Timonen Kristina , Timonen Tero
Published: August 2021

The study investigates how visual art as a contextual element affects patients’ well-being and experience of healthcare facilities, especially in hospitals. Placing artworks into hospital rooms may be one way to improve these experiences, and, for example, applying virtual reality can offer new opportunities for increased well-being. A total of 29 research articles indexed in three databases (Arts in Medicine, PubMed and PsycINFO) were included in the review. They were selected using thematic searches. The study shows that systematic research supporting the value of art in the healthcare sector is still limited. Moreover, it acknowledges clear positive effects of art on patient outcomes in a hospital context. It is concluded that artworks can positively affect the mood of patients and offer them means to better cope with mental and physical health conditions although more research of different art practices in hospital contexts is needed.
La OIT y la definición de América Latina como región de carácter especial: el Programa Indigenista Andino entre la cuestión indígena y la modernización universalista
Authors: Martín-Sánchez Juan , Breuer Martin
Published: August 2021

Este artículo estudia cómo la OIT en tanto organización burocrático-política internacional dio forma a la representación de América Latina como una región del mundo diferenciada de la «norma» histórica de las sociedades modernas. En particular, se analiza cómo el Programa Indigenista Andino (PIA) reelaboró y amplificó tres aspectos recurrentes en la contribución de los Andes a la representación de América Latina: el carácter regional, la reivindicación indigenista y la novedad experimental.
Plurinacionalismo, pluriculturalidad y federalismo en México
Authors: Chaires Jorge
Published: August 2021

El propósito del trabajo es analizar la viabilidad del federalismo mexicano desde una perspectiva de la plurinacionalidad y la pluriculturalidad. Se parte de la tesis de que el federalismo resulta apropiado en los países plurinacionales, en tanto que en países pluriculturales se puede tratar a través de otro tipo de estructuras político-constitucionales. Se afirma que en México, al no ser un país plurinacional, el federalismo no es una opción apropiada para resolver los problemas de distribución de competencias.
Examining the Lead Exposure and its Effects among U.S Children
Authors: Abdi Muse
Published: August 2021

According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (2019), lead is an element that is naturally found on the surface of the earth. Lead is also harmful to humans, especially young children. Similarly, the CDC (2021) has reported that lead naturally occurs in the environment such as soil, air, and water. However, it is also commonly found in older homes. This is especially true with lower socioeconomic communities’ housing. Lead exposure commonly comes from old lead pipes, faucets, and plumbing fixtures. In addition to water contamination, nearly 23 million houses have lead-based paint hazards in the United States (Egan et al., 2021). Egan and his colleagues also found that there are more than 3.6 million households with children younger than six years old living in these lead-filled homes. More than 6 million housing units still have lead water pipes in the United States (Dignam et al., 2019).
Chronic Kidney Disease: Current Scenario of diagnosis and treatment in India
Authors: V Bhavya
Published: August 2021

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is one of the most burdensome disease with high mortality rate globally. Even though there are diagnostically accepted markers for the detection of CKD, the unreliability of the non-specific marker is a lacuna in the clinical world for an early prognosis and prevention of this chronic disease. Further, the economically challenging conventional treatment options available currently are a burden for many low-income countries to overcome this disease. This article discusses the current treatment scenario for CKD, and limitations of the diagnostic and treatment options available for CKD.
Dinamika Perubahan Kurikulum: Kebijakan Perubahan Kurikulum 2013 PAUD
Authors: Istiqomah Laelatul
Published: August 2021

One of the educational problems in Indonesia is the curriculum. Along with the development and challenges of the times, the curriculum is always run into changing, as well the systemic and purposefull development. the curriculum implementation should be able to realize the vision, mission, and goals of national education gradually. the most basic of change and development of curriculum  is changing and developing early childhood curriculum. because the quality of Early Childhood Education determines the quality of Indonesian human resources (HR) in the future, one of which is the 2013 early childhood curriculum. currently early childhood education has had its own curriculum, because during this time early childhood education doesn't have an curriculum. the 2013 Early Childhood curriculum  is expected to encourage the development of learners optimally.
Perencanaan dan Asesmen Perkembangan Pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Suyadi Suyadi
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research is to uncover how teachers at institutions of  education (PAUD/TK/RA) make the assessments and planning of the childhood development  and to know the assessments process difficulties. Methods used is survey, namely by seeking information on the implementation of planning and the assessments process of the childhood development from 55 educator at  educational institutions in special region of Yogyakarta. The conclusions from this study were that in make the planning evaluation all teachers have appropriate to childhood developmental tasks (STPPA). As for technique of assessments most commonly used the observation and portfolio methods,  because it’s more simple and easily.
Guru Sebagai Role Model Pendidikan Karakter Anak Usia Dini Perspektif Pendidikan Islam dan Ki Hajar Dewantara
Authors: 'Aziz Hafidh
Published: August 2021

This paper aims to discuss the concept of teachers in building moral values and character of early childhood in the perspective of Islamic Education and Ki Hajar Dewantara, using the library research method with technical content analysis found Several things, that teachers are important factors in early childhood education considering the character the development of their morality which are influenced by external authority themselves. in the Islamic Education Perspective that puts the teachers in the respectable position and has a very important role in education, and in view of ki Hajar Dewantara stating that teachers should be able to be an example and role model, a companion and motivator for the students
Tuntutan Calistung Pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Marlisa Lusi
Published: August 2021

Pada program pembelajaran dalam pendidikan anak usia dini dapat berubah ubah setiap tahunnya sesuai dengan apa yang dibutuhkan oleh zaman, dimana pada dewasa ini program dari pembelajaran anak usia dini sendiri lebih mengedepankan dan menekankan pada nilai akademis terutama pada kemampuan membaca, menulis, dan berhitung dibandingkan mengembangkan sosial dan emosi anak. Ditambah dengan pandangan orang tua yang rasional, menganggap bahwa output anak yang bersekolah pada jenjang taman kanak kanak harus diajarkan dengan kemampuan membaca, menulis, dan berhitung sehingga anak memiliki kesiapan baik dalam bentuk fisik dan psikologis  untuk melanjutkan pada pendidikan lebih lanjut.
Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Untuk PAUD
Authors: Rohayani Farida farida
Published: August 2021

One of the supports of successful learning is understanding and using the right model and in accordance with the theme of learning. In this study, further study and understanding of one of the learning models is the inquiry learning model. Many parents who do not understand how this learning model is not only applied in school, but also applied at home, because this learning is not always about education in school alone. This research is a literature study that uses documentation as a data collection method. The results show that: 1) this learning model could not only be applied in schools, but it was very important to be implemented at home, with direct intervention from parents, 2) by looking at the activities and learning steps offered by this model, it could improve learning outcomes and make learning more active and enjoyable, 3) each learning model will not only have advantages, but certainly has disadvantages. In this research some weaknesses and strengths were found in inquiry learning.
Manajemen Makanan Sehat di PAUD
Authors: Rahayu Nurliyati , Munastiwi Erni
Published: August 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui manajemen makanan sehat di TKIT Al-Khairaat, mengetahui kelebihan dan kekurangan manajemen makanan sehat di TKIT Al-Khairaat, mengetahui dampak manajemen makanan sehat terhadap anak didik di TKIT Al-Khairaat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman yang mencakup reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen makanan sehat di TKIT Al-Khairaat sudah terlaksana dengan baik meliputi: perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan, kelebihan manajemen penyelenggaraan makanan sehat di TKIT Al-Khairaat antara lain: dapur yang layak, ruang makan yang nyaman, dan alat-alat makan yang sesuai. Kekurangan manajemen makanan sehat di TKIT Al-Khairaat adalah menu makan kurang bervariasi dan tidak ada ahli gizi. Dampak manajemen makan siang terhadap anak didik di TKIT Al-Khairaat teridiri dari: dampak langsung dan tidak langsung. Dampak langsung, yaitu: sumber energi dan emosi senang. Dampat tidak langsung, yaitu: anak suka makan sayur, anak terbiasa tertib, dan anak dapat bertanggungjawab.
A Dark Green Religious Analysis of the Life and Work of Wangari Maathai (1940 - 2011)
Authors: Du Toit Louisa Johanna
Published: August 2021

Dark Green Religion (DGR), is an umbrella term formulated by Bron Taylor, to describe nature revering movements that do not fit into the category of organized religion. These movements use religious-like emotions to express their convictions and display a sincere commitment towards the environment. A central focus of DGR is a deep-felt kinship with all living organisms on Earth (arising from a Darwinian understanding that all forms of life have developed from a common ancestor), accompanied by feelings of humility coupled with a critical view of human moral superiority. This article presents a Dark Green Religious analysis of the life and work of Wangari Maathai (1940-2011). She was the first woman in East Africa to receive a doctorate, and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004 for her work with the Green Belt Movement (GBM). In the DGR analysis, it is illustrated that the principles of belonging, interconnectedness and sacredness are revealed through Maathai’s written legacy. Evidence is also presented that she could be viewed as an example of Naturalistic Gaianism, one of the four types of DGR. In conclusion, a link between ecofeminism and DGR is proposed by highlighting the shared concepts between the two phenomena.
Singularidad y técnica industrial en la producción artística de Alexander Rodchenko
Authors: Morales Garrido Enrique Andrés
Published: August 2021

El artículo se pregunta por el rol de la singularidad artística en la teoría y práctica de Alexander Rodchenko. Para ello se analizan e interpretan tres textos y una fotografía del período constructivista del artista. Primero, se revisan cartas de su estadía en París, cuando ya ha renunciado a la pintura y explora la fotografía; segundo, un artículo publicado en la revista LEF, donde diferencia el ideal esteticista de la pintura del trabajo fotográfico; y, finalmente, a una autobiografía donde traza un lazo desde el arte técnico hasta la experiencia infantil de la magia y el espectáculo. La fotografía es la famosa Muchacha con una Leica. Los documentos parecen evidenciar una concepción del arte moderno basada en la apropiación del desarrollo industrial, pero que reafirma el gesto particular de la experiencia artística.
Refined second boundary behavior of the unique strictly convex solution to a singular Monge-Ampère equation
Authors: Wan Haitao , Shi Yongxiu , Liu Wei
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we establish the second boundary behavior of the unique strictly convex solution to a singular Dirichlet problem for the Monge-Ampère equation

 det(D2u)=b(x)g(−u),u<0 in Ω and u=0 on ∂Ω,$$\mbox{ det}(D^{2} u)=b(x)g(-u),\,u<0 \mbox{ in }\Omega \mbox{ and } u=0 \mbox{ on }\partial\Omega, $$

where Ω is a bounded, smooth and strictly convex domain in ℝN(N≥ 2),b∈ C∞(Ω) is positive and may be singular (including critical singular) or vanish on the boundary,g ∈ C1((0, ∞), (0, ∞)) is decreasing on (0, ∞) withlimt→0+g(t)=∞$ \lim\limits_{t\rightarrow0^{+}}g(t)=\infty $andgis normalized regularly varying at zero with index −γ(γ>1). Our results reveal the refined influence of the highest and the lowest values of the (N − 1)-th curvature on the second boundary behavior of the unique strictly convex solution to the problem.
Therapeutic potential of anticoagulant therapy in association with cytokine storm inhibition in severe cases of COVID-19: A case report
Authors: Xu Qiancheng , Wang Tao , Lu Weihua
Published: August 2021

Inflammation and coagulation are considered to the development of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hypoxemia. However, this is still controversial, which brings challenges to clinical treatment. Here, we reviewed the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), coagulation indexes, and clinical manifestations of a patient with severe COVID-19 after Tocilizumab administration. In this case, the patient’s body temperature quickly dropped to normal after using Tocilizumab, while C reactive protein progressively decreased and stabilized at a lower level. However, IL-6 and D-dimers increased and were accompanied by a continuous decrease of the oxygenation index. After anticoagulant therapy with heparin, D-dimer decreased slowly, gradually improving the oxygenation index and disease remission. This case suggests that the formation of microthrombus might be the main reason for COVID-19-derived hypoxemia. However, the mechanism of hypoxemia and the role of Tocilizumab in COVID-19 need further research. Nevertheless, these findings might still assist medical workers in formulating timely treatment strategies for similar severe patients.
Further insights into unusual acrania-exencephaly-anencephaly sequence caused by amniotic band – first trimester fetoscopic correlation with two- and three-dimensional ultrasound
Authors: Weichert Jan , Sepulveda Waldo , Gembicki Michael
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Antenatal detection of acrania-exencephaly-anencephaly (AEA) sequence beyond 10 completed weeks of gestation is usually straight-forward. An earlier detection and classification of the causative conditions prior to disaggregation of exposed dysplastic brain tissue remains challenging.

Case presentation

We present two- and three-dimensional ultrasound correlated with fetoscopic findings of an unusual type of neural tube defect at 11 gestational weeks caused by an amniotic constriction ring resulting in cystic degeneration of the developing skull.

Conclusions

By giving further illustrative insights into early defective brain development, this report confirms recent findings of an unusual subtype of acrania-exencephaly-anencephaly sequence suggesting early disruption of the developing brain, following an amniotic entrapment of the skull.
A mixed-methods assessment of the transition to a dedicated educational unit: nursing students’ perceptions and achievements
Authors: Maoz Elena , Danino Efrat , Zerahia Moran
Published: August 2021

Background

In 2019, our nursing school shifted clinical instruction from the traditional model to the Dedicated Educational Unit (DEU).

Objectives

To evaluate the DEU learning atmosphere, instruction quality, clinical instructor’s performance and students’ grades.

Methods

A sample of 45 nursing students completed the CLES-T; 10 of them participated in a focus group. Students’ grades in the DEU and traditional models were compared.

Results

Students (77.6%) ranked the DEU outcomes as “good”-“excellent;” “nursing care on the unit” and the “clinical faculty’s ability to integrate theory and practice” were the highest and lowest ranked categories, respectively. The focus group revealed dichotomous opinions regarding the unit atmosphere and the professional performance of the nurse manager and staff. Students in the DEU framework attained higher grades than did their counterparts.

Conclusions

Clinical instructors need specific training; the clinical staff and nurse managers should be informed about the unit atmosphere’s impact on students’ future professional decisions.
Construction of Chi(Zn/BMP2)/HA composite coating on AZ31B magnesium alloy surface to improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility
Authors: Zhang Qiuyang , Zhang Li , Yang Minhui , Hong Qingxiang , Yang Zhongmei , Liu Sen , Xiong Qingping , Pan Changjiang
Published: August 2021

As biodegradable orthopedic implant materials, magnesium alloys have been attracted enough attentions recently. However, too fast degradation in vivo, limited biocompatibilities, and insufficient antibacterial properties are three main challenges at present. In order to solve these problems, a multifunctional composite coating of Chi(Zn/BMP2)/HA was constructed on AZ31B magnesium alloy surface, successively by the alkali heating treatment, self-assembly of 16-phosphonyl-hexadecanoic acid, in situ immobilization of Chi(Zn/BMP2) (chitosan, zinc ions, and bone morphogenetic protein 2), and the deposition of HA (hydroxyapatite). The results of ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectrum) spectra and elemental compositions confirmed that 16-phosphonyl-hexadecanoic acid, Chi(Zn/BMP2), and HA were successfully immobilized on the surface. Compared with Mg, Mg-OH, Mg-16, and Mg-Chi(Zn/BMP2), Mg-Chi(Zn/BMP2)/HA with the concave–convex structure surface significantly enhanced the hydrophilicity and corrosion resistance. On the other hand, Mg-Chi(Zn/BMP2)/HA coating also showed excellent biocompatibilities, which not only significantly promoted the osteoblast adhesion and proliferation, but also upregulated ALP and OCN expression of osteoblasts. Furthermore, due to the synergistic antibacterial effect of zinc ions and chitosan, Mg-Chi(Zn/BMP2)/HA showed a good antibacterial property against Escherichia coli (E. coli). Therefore, it can be said that the method used in this work has a good application prospect in improving the corrosion resistance, biocompatibility of magnesium alloys, and inhibiting infections against E. coli.
The Venice Commission: the 30 Years of History
Authors:   Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, Khabrieva Talia , Khamchieva Zalina ,   Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

The article is dedicated to the results of thirty years activity of the European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission of the Council of Europe), which is a recognized expert center in the field of constitutional law. Russia has been participating in its work since 2002. The purpose of the article is to show the evolution of the VC expert opinions’ problematics from the general problems of constitutional reforms to the specification of individual institutions, the assessment of electoral systems, the effectiveness of justice, guarantees of civil and political rights of citizens. This comparative analysis contributes to a better understanding of the Commission's current activities. The main stages of the Commissions’ formation are considered. The authors explore the expansion of the geographical sphere of Venice Commission’s influence and the strengthening of its role in the political-legal and scientific-legal fields. The conducted research makes it possible to fill an obvious gap in the domestic science of comparative and constitutional law, since there are only a few special works dedicated to the Venice Commission. The article sets out tasks that can contribute to the shaping of new directions for the development of legal science, taking into account the experience of the Commission and its contribution to the improvement of democratic institutions. The work is intended for scientists specializing in comparative and constitutional law, teachers and students studying the law of the Council of Europe. An optional seminar on the legal positions of the Venice Commission was organized at the Master's program of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation.
Iceland’s Economic Growth Prospects in the Post-Covid-19 Period
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Kravchuk Aleksei
Published: August 2021

Due to the global coronavirus pandemic Iceland is facing the largest economic crisis for half a century. But after the pandemic is over, the economy is expected to quickly recover and continue its further growth. In this article, the author intends to explore how well these expectations are justified and which industry sectors could contribute to Iceland’s economic growth. The analysis shows that the country’s current key export sectors (tourism, seafood production and aluminum industry) have a limited growth potential, mainly related to the ongoing development of aquaculture. The paper also considers key economic projects, linked to utilization of Iceland’s resource and innovative potential. The abundance of cheap renewable energy enables the country to develop new energy-intensive projects (silicon smelters and data centers), as well as to consider the possibility to directly transmit electricity to the UK (project IceLink). These initiatives could significantly contribute to the future economic growth, although the Icelandic energy industry is not limitless. However, the biggest economic growth is expected in innovative industry sectors. A number of projects in bioengineering, biomedicine, pharmacology, and high-tech equipment production have been started in Iceland. In the longterm perspective, their potential profits could exceed the ones of the resource sector of the country’s economy.
Regionalist Movements in Contemporary Switzerland: Ticino and Bernese Jura Cases
Authors:   Perm State National Research University, Bederson Vsevolod , Shevtsova Irina ,   Perm State National Research University
Published: August 2021

The article looks into characteristics of regionalist movements in contemporary Switzerland. The authors try to answer the question why, despite the stability of federal relations in Switzerland and the existence of institutions representing the interests of the regions, there are regionalist movements in the canton of Ticino and the Bernese Jura, and why only in these two regions? The study is based on open data on the political and socio-economic characteristics of the regions, as well as on materials of research interviews with representatives of movements and experts. The study analyzes the cases of the regionalist movements of the League of Ticino and the Groupe Bélier in the Bernese Jura. The results point to the similarities of the movements: linguistic minorities surrounded by a German-speaking majority, accumulation of similar contradictions over the years. The regionalism of the League of Ticino stands out in the context of other parties; the League has made the regionalist agenda a platform for promoting right-wing demands without being marginalized in the political space. The Groupe Bélier, from the point of view of regionalist demands, is distinguished by a weak visibility of its agenda in political parties’ programmes.
Indonesia’s Economic Futures
Authors: Lee Doreen
Published: August 2021

Financial innovations stemming from the digital economy have transformed Indonesians’ everyday lives. “Superapps” offering ride sharing and an array of other services have delivered many conveniences to consumers, while also trapping many in cycles of debt. The state has responded with little more than public awareness campaigns, urging consumers to develop their own digital literacy to avoid scams. Corruption at the state level, meanwhile, remains pervasive, as shown by scandals exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Construction of a new capital city will be another test of financial transparency.
Khaki Capital and Coups in Thailand and Myanmar
Authors: Chambers Paul
Published: August 2021

Military-run business activities can turn into an unrestrained form of parasitic capitalism, preying on national economies. The militaries of Thailand and Myanmar have evolved as predatory “khaki capitalist” institutions. Thailand’s military, deriving its legitimacy as guardian of the monarchy, has used that role to justify its accumulation of economic resources. Myanmar’s military, in power for most of the decades since independence, has invoked national security to expand its budget and business interests. Both militaries have repeatedly employed coups to consolidate their economic power, most recently in 2014 in Thailand and 2021 in Myanmar. Fragile democratic governments and international sanctions have proved ineffective in restraining them.
The Roots of America’s Anti-Asian Violence
Authors: Heinz Annelise
Published: August 2021

Hate crimes against Asian Americans have risen sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic. A historical perspective shows that Asians have faced intertwined racial and gender-based biases in the United States since the first anti-immigration backlashes against their presence in the nineteenth century.
Who Is Purged? Determinants of Elite Purges in North Korea
Authors: Kim Taekbin
Published: August 2021

The existing literature on elite purges in dictatorships claims that the risk of coups to replace dictators is the main cause of the dictator’s choice of purge strategy. Why then do elite purges occur even in well-established dictatorships with a consistently low risk of coups? This article argues that elite purges in consolidated dictatorships have a different purpose and logic. Dictators, who have consolidated their position, seek to maximize the efficiency of rule by making the elite obedient through purges. For this purpose, dictators carefully select the purge target by considering various factors. To test this theory, the article examines the pattern of elite purges in North Korea based on an original individual-level dataset, which contains the personal background of 367 North Korean elites and their purge records between 1948 and 2019. The result of survival analysis shows that the purge risk of the elite is not significantly associated with their military background but is associated with the characteristics of the institution to which the individual elite member belongs. Other individual factors, including the elite’s educational background, the experience of studying abroad, and the career path, are also significantly related to the probability of being purged. The finding suggests that coup-proofing is not the only purpose of elite purges but that ensuring the leader’s political superiority is another purpose of elite purges in consolidated dictatorships.
Fonógrafos imperiales y voces nacionales: mujeres mexicanas entre discos, cilindros y mostradores (México, 1877–1910)
Authors: Frene Jaddiel Díaz
Published: August 2021

Durante el porfiriato, la sociedad mexicana vivió una época de revoluciones tecnológicas que modificaron las formas de percibir el tiempo, la distancia y los sonidos. Uno de estos inventos fue el fonógrafo, creado por Thomas Alva Edison en 1877. Los usos sociales y culturales de las máquinas parlantes en el país incluyeron los más diversos rubros, desde la renta ambulante hasta la firma de contratos para trasformar el servicio de correos. Si bien los hombres tuvieron un papel protagónico en esta historia sonora, las mujeres porfirianas no fueron relegadas a un papel secundario de meras consumidoras domésticas de los aparatos. Mediante un examen de fotografías, diarios y peticiones gubernamentales, en este artículo muestro cómo, durante los días de la revolución eléctrica, las mexicanas también participaron en los procesos de grabación y comercialización de los fonogramas y los aparatos reproductores. Primero, abordo los casos de dos relevantes cantantes que lograron grabar sus voces en diferentes formatos, la soprano Ángela Peralta y la tiple Esperanza Iris. Después, documento las prácticas y las experiencias de las comerciantes que rentaron fonógrafos en las calles o los colocaron en sus negocios para atraer a clientes. El ensayo abre las puertas a una nueva historia de la relación entre las mujeres y las tecnologías acústicas en México, a la vez planteando preguntas y temas para investigaciones en otros países en América Latina.
Salvage surgery for cervical radioiodine refractory 18F-FDG-PET positive recurrence of papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Chiapponi C , Alakus H , Faust M , Schultheis A M , Rosenbrock J , Schmidt M
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Five percent of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer are diagnosed with radioiodine refractory relapse in the course of the disease. For isolated or oligometastatic cervical recurrence, resection or another local treatment is recommended. In this study, the impact of surgical treatment of cervical radioiodine refractory 18F-FDG-PET positive relapse of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) was evaluated.

Methods

Patients receiving radioiodine therapy between 2005 and 2015 at the University Hospital of Cologne, Germany, for PTC were screened. The subgroup of patients undergoing surgery during the course of disease after recommendation by a multidisciplinary endocrine team for cervical radioiodine refractory 18F-FDG-PET positive recurrence was identified. Demographics, clinic-pathologic characteristics, oncologic treatment, and outcome were analyzed.

Results

Thirty (3%) of 969 patients with PTC treated with radioiodine therapy at our institution underwent surgery for radioiodine refractory 18F-FDG-PET positive cervical recurrence during the course of the disease. In eight (26.6%) patients, more than one operation was performed. Sixteen (53%) patients received external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) after surgery. Follow-up was on average, 79.2 ± 61.6 months after the last surgical treatment. Biochemical and radiological cure was seen in 12 (40%) patients. Remission was significantly more frequent in younger patients (P = 0.0001) with lymph node rather than soft tissue tumor recurrence (P = 0.004).

Conclusions

Surgical treatment of radioiodine refractory 18F-FDG-PET positive cervical recurrence led to biochemical and radiological cure in about 40% of patients in this study. Further data are needed concerning risk stratification of potential subgroups benefitting of surgical approach and the possible role of EBRT after repetitive surgery.
Análise construcional das perífrases cursivas de gerúndio: um estudo comparativo do galego e do português
Authors: Dos Santos Lopes Oliveira Quezia
Published: August 2021

Este artigo se propõe a analisar, num dado recorte temporal (séculos XX e XXI), as construções perifrásticas de gerúndio marcadoras do aspecto imperfectivo cursivo no galego, especificamente as formadas pelos auxiliares estar e ficar. O objetivo deste estudo é comparar os resultados iniciais encontrados para o comportamento dessas construções no galego com os já atestados para o português quanto ao mesmo fenômeno. O trabalho segue a orientação dos modelos baseados no uso e da abordagem de construcionalização e mudança construcional de Traugott & Trousdale (2013). A análise é comparativa. O método correspondeu à coleta dos dados em dois bancos de textos do galego contemporâneo e à análise desses dados quanto a fatores analíticos que caracterizassem o contexto de ocorrência dessas construções, a saber: tipo semântico do verbo principal (V2), animacidade do sujeito e presença de material interveniente entre os elementos da perífrase (Verbo auxiliar (V1) e principal (V2)). Os resultados apontam para um perfil de uso das construções [estar +X-ndo] cursivo e [ficar +X-ndo]cursivo muito semelhante nas duas línguas em análise, ratificando, portanto, a hipótese sugerida para o fenômeno no português em Oliveira (2018) de que a construção formada por estar está mais avançada no processo de mudança construcional do que a constituída por ficar. Além disso, desse estudo comparativo, foi possível também traçar algumas particularidades desses dois idiomas no que se refere ao estudo em questão.
Le Vocabulaire du Tourisme
Authors: Soto Ana Belén , Muñoz Carrobles Diego
Published: August 2021

Le volume ici présenté s’adresse aux étudiants, adultes ou grands adolescents, qui veulent apprendre le vocabulaire spécifique du domaine du tourisme dans un contexte francophone. Ce volume s’adresse également aux enseignants qui, tout comme nous, trouvent le besoin de travailler le vocabulaire ici ébauché de manière complémentaire aux manuels déjà existants. De ce fait, nous n’avons pas conçu les contenus en fonction des différents niveaux du Cadre Européen Commun de Référence (CECR). Et c’est dans ce contexte que nous proposons des exercices de vocabulaire articulés autour des possibles situations de communication.
Owrzodzenie malformacji żylno-tętniczej głowy. Opis przypadku
Authors: Szkiler Elżbieta
Published: August 2021

W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono leczenie miejscowe dużego owrzodzenia malformacji żylno-tętniczej, umiejscowionego nad i za uchem prawym. Czynności pielęgnacyjne były wykonywane przez córkę pacjentki, a samo leczenie odbywało się w ramach e-porad i konsultacji telefonicznych oraz mailowych świadczonych przez specjalistę leczenia ran.
Zastosowanie kwasu hialuronowego w medycynie i terapii ran przewlekłych
Authors: Piechota Dorota
Published: August 2021

Kwas hialuronowy (HA) jest naturalnie występującym polimerem o unikatowych właściwościach. Charakteryzuje się wysoką higroskopijnością, ponadto wykazuje działanie przeciwzapalne i antyoksydacyjne. Dzięki swoim właściwościom preparaty z kwasem hialuronowym są szeroko wykorzystywane w medycynie. HA jest także cennym składnikiem produktów do leczenia ran przewlekłych. W czystej postaci można go dowolnie łączyć praktycznie ze wszystkimi rodzajami opatrunków i stosować na każdym etapie gojenia rany. Na rynku polskim kwas hialuronowy występuje zarówno w połączeniu z substancjami przeciwdrobnoustrojowymi, jak i stymulującymi gojenie.
Comparison of the wood anatomy and fibers derived from Indonesian Toona sinensis Roem. and Toona sureni Merr
Authors: Jayusman J. , Hakim Luthfi
Published: August 2021

In terms of their anatomy, there is confusion in differentiating between Toona sinensis (Juss.) Roem. and Toona sureni (Blume) Merr. In order to validate the identification of both species, reconfirmation of the primary character differences is required. The objectives of this study are the reconfirmation of the anatomical properties to confirm their differences and the evaluation of the fiber morphology in terms of pulp and paper raw material quality. The results show that there were differences in the gross physical features of the bark and the color of the wood. The wood color of T. sinensis is red-brown and darker, while T. sureni is white-yellow, leading to the nomenclature red and white surian, respectively. An anatomical view of T. sinensis shows that the annual growth ring has indistinct boundaries as a primary distinguishing anatomical feature, while T. sureni shows that the annual growth ring boundaries are distinct. The annual growth ring allows the establishment of intra-annual past and present structure-function relationships as well as its sensitivity to environmental variability. Based on the results, both species have different anatomical properties, and both species are suitable to be used as a raw material for pulp and paper production.