bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forecasting the production of agricultural machinery in the Russian Federation
Authors: Nosov V V , Tindova M G , Zhichkin K A , Vorob’eva D A , Pakhomova T V , Ayugin N P , Kalimullin M N
Published: June 2022

The article examines the production of agricultural machinery in the Russian Federation for the period from 2000 to 2020. The aim of the work is to develop a forecast for the production of the main types of agricultural machinery in the Russian Federation in modern conditions. Within the framework of this, the following tasks are supposed to be solved: - study of the availability of agricultural machinery for domestic agricultural producers; - identification of trends in the development of agricultural machinery production; - construction of econometric models that describe the volume of agricultural machinery produced. The information base of the study was the data of the Federal State Statistics Service. The study used statistical methods, in particular Student’s t-test. The null hypothesis about the presence of a systemic shift in the time series was tested using a dummy variable. The index of production potential was also used in the work. Calculations showed the presence of a systemic shift in the series of the studied indicators. Econometric models were built for each series. For the production of tractors and loaders for agricultural purposes, the model will have a mixed look. Combine production is characterized by quadratic functions. Based on the models obtained, the production of the main types of agricultural machinery in the Russian Federation for the period 2021–2023 was predicted.
Morphometric, hydrological characteristics and genesis of the largest lakes of the right-bank floodplain of the Volga River in the territory of the projected natural park “Artemovsky Meadows” (Nizhny Novgorod region, Russia)
Authors: Astashin A E , Pashkin O N , Badin M M , Vatina O E , Martilova N V
Published: June 2022

The article presents the results of the research of the morphometric and hydrological features of the largest lakes in the territory of the projected natural park “Artemovsky meadows”. The researched territory is located in the central part of the Nizhny Novgorod region in the immediate vicinity of the city of Nizhny Novgorod on the right-bank floodplain of the Volga River. Lakes are the landscape-forming framework of this territory. To date, reliable data, reflecting the features of the relief of the lakes bottoms and their hydrological characteristics have not been available. In the course of the research a bathymetric survey was carried out on the lakes of the researched territory from the side of a boat, using an echo sounder, combined with a navigator. The results of field research were processed, using the geoinformation program QGIS, digital models of the relief of the basins of the researched lakes were created and their main morphometric and hydrological characteristics were calculated. Based on the analysis of morphometric characteristics of lakes and data on the landscape features of their surroundings, conclusions were drawn about the origin of lake basins. It is established, that the largest lakes of the Artemovsky meadows have a riverbed (ox-bow) origin.
Hybrid technology for ecological remediation of agricultural wastewater from antibiotics
Authors: Timofeeva S S , Tyukalova O V , Shevchenko E I , Stom D I
Published: June 2022

Increasing consumption of antibiotics in food production leads to intense environmental pollution and a global problem of antimicrobial resistance. Existing methods for cleaning environmental objects from antibiotics are laborious and costly. We analyzed and summarized the achievements in the field of phytoremediation of wastewater from farms and large agricultural enterprises, and developed a hybrid technology for its ecological rehabilitation based on phytoblocks in the form of phytoplants with submerged vegetation, sorption devices with hemp husks and plant microbial fuel cells. It is recommended to create local treatment facilities built into the landscape directly on farms, and at the same time generate electricity..
Rheological properties of bakery products in freezing processes
Authors: Terentyev S E , Labutina N V , Romanova I N , Vorobeva E S , Kovaleva A E
Published: June 2022

The study studies the rheological properties of bakery products, which depend on technological and technical properties, but pay special attention to the grain composition. The process of creating bakery products and its further use makes it possible to identify the grain composition and its characteristics. The study analyzes in detail the rheological properties of bakery products and proposes mechanisms to improve its quality characteristics.
The effect of microfertilizers on the morphometric parameters of plants and the duration of the growing season of lettuce varieties (Latuca sativa L.)
Authors: Avdeenko S S , Avdeenko A P , Gish R A , Zvyagina A S
Published: June 2022

In the conditions of the Rostov region on ordinary chernozems, the effect of foliar top dressing with microfertilizers on the formation of the vegetative part and the timing of harvesting varieties of lettuce (Latuca sativa L.) in open ground under irrigation was studied. The issues of forming indicators of the average weight of 1 plant, as well as the height associated with it, depending on the applied microfertilizers, are considered. A general positive trend has been established to accelerate maturation, increase the average weight and height of plants when using foliar top dressings with an ambiguous varietal response to them. Ecofus, Siliplant and Nagro, containing silicon compounds, increase the average weight by more than 140% and the height of plants by 5.5-5.7 cm in comparison with the control. The maximum indicators were noted for the varieties Abrek and Eralash
Introduction of pedunculate oak in the conditions of the northern border of the range
Authors: Karbasnikova E B , Karbasnikov A A , Kiryanova V S , Suvorova E A , Vasilyeva D A
Published: June 2022

The problem of increasing the biological diversity of taiga forests has recently been particularly relevant. One solution is the widespread introduction into the culture of dendroflora species growing on the border of their range. For the southern taiga vegetation region, English oak (Quercus robur) can become promising in this respect. The dendrological garden of the Vologda GMHA acted as an object for research. During the evaluation of dendrometric indicators, the presence of significant annual increases in height was established. There is a slight frosting of annual shoots. The winter hardiness score corresponds to I-II. Photosynthetic pigments in the assimilation apparatus of the plant are normal. The presence of generative development indicates naturalization. Seeds of the 1st quality class will ensure the production of seed material.
New biofertilizer based on sapropel as a growth regulator in the germination of winter vetch seeds
Authors: Skamarokhova A S , Svistunov A A , Yurin D A
Published: June 2022

In order to increase the biologization of agriculture and minimize the negative impact of synthetic fertilizers on the environment, a new biofertilizer was developed and tested based on the extract of poultry droppings and sapropel on the seeds of a common fodder crop - winter downy vetch (Vicia vilossa op Roth), Glinkovskaya and Lugovskaya 2 varieties. The paper analyzes laboratory studies to determine the energy of seed germination. The following results have been obtained: in comparison with the control variant, the germination energy of Lugovskaya 2 vetch was 27.3% higher, germination capacity of this variety increased by 11.6%, significance (p<0.001). In Glinkovskaya vetch, germination energy is 28.0% higher in the experiment in relation to the control, and the germination capacity is higher by 9.9% (significance p<0.01). The new complex biofertilizer improves the supply of cultivated plants with the whole complex of mineral substances, ensures the accumulation of humus in the soil and improves its structure.
Waste sorting acceptability with information provision
Authors: Ketkina O S
Published: June 2022

To decrease the environmental degradation due to increasing amount of municipal solid waste the Ecology National Project was implemented in Russia. Its main goal is to increase recycling and liquidate all unauthorized landfills within the urban borders. While the key objective of the project is to ensure ecological improvement and to amend environmental situation in Russia its public acceptability and awareness is under question, especially in rural communities. The paper analyses rural waste management reform in small rural town in region (Sverdlovskay oblast). The main focus is on peoples’ knowledge, acceptability and perceptions of the reform and its components, especially separate waste collection.
Studies of the vibratory roller from the standpoint of compliance with the agrotechnical requirements of soil density and structure
Authors: Kurdyumov V I , Proshkin V E , Zykin E S , Proshkin E N , Kurushin V V
Published: June 2022

The article presents a completely new design of a vibrating roller that has no analogues. To identify the main design and regime parameters that allow to ensure high-quality operation of the vibratory roller from the standpoint of compliance with the agrotechnical requirements for soil density and structure, we conducted field experiments, the results of which revealed that the maximum value of the optimization criterion k
cэ = 0.81 is achieved at the unit speed ν = 11 km/h and rotational speed of unbalancers n = 800 min-1.
Analysis of methods of electricity consumption forecasting for a coal industry enterprise
Authors: Manusov V Z , Orlov D V , Karmanov V S , Khusnutdinov A O , Ivanov G V
Published: June 2022

The paper considers a forecast model of electricity consumption of a coal industry enterprise based on three forecast methods, namely the wavelet transform, the vector method, and the recurrent neutral network. For preprocessing the data for forecasting by vector and recurrent methods, the Singular Spectrum Analysis method was chosen. The structure of the model allows taking into account individual features of the operating cycle of the production process and smoothing the noise components and outliers caused by these features. The results of a short-term hourly forecast for one day ahead are presented with the comparison of the obtained values. The results of short-term electricity consumption forecast were verified based on the actual data of the coal industry enterprise in order to assess the adequacy of the model to the actual values.
International standards for leguminous crops and methods of microbiological validation of laboratory researches
Authors: Anikienko T I , Sadygova M K , Gasparyan Sh V , Gasparyan I N
Published: June 2022

The article presents an analysis of the current international standards for leguminous crops and methods of microbiological validation based on laboratory studies. Quality and safety standards are considered at different stages of the food chain - from producer to consumer. Standards containing technical recommendations on optimal storage, loss prevention, preservation of product quality (ISO 6322 “Cereals and legumes. Storage”); standards for the detection of pests of legumes, including sampling methods and rapid methods for determining the time of infection (ISO 663 “Cereals and legumes - Determination of latent insect infestation”); determination of contaminants and impurities and suitability for use (ISO 605 “Leguminous crops - Determination of impurities, sizes, odors, insects, species and varieties - Test methods”); Determination of moisture content of legumes during the post-harvest period and storage period (ISO 24557 Legumes - Determination of moisture content). Analyzed a new series of international standards ISO 16140, consisting of 6 parts, in the field of microbiological validation of the food chain. A comparative assessment of the standards providing for procedures and criteria for selecting methods of microbiological testing in laboratories is given. The protocols for checking reference methods of standards and validated alternative methods, protocols for laboratory studies to identify qualitative and quantitative microbiological indicators, as well as methods for confirmation and typing are described in detail. The procedures for the practical application of laboratory quality control of the tests performed have been comprehensively analyzed.
Conservation of natural forage lands on the territory of korocha district
Authors: Melentyev A A
Published: June 2022

The current system of land protection in agriculture in our country, due to the influence of various natural and economic factors, does not ensure their rational use and preservation. More than 43 million hectares of arable land are withdrawn from economic turnover and are subjected to various types of degradation, transferred to other land categories for purposes not related to agricultural production. In the current situation implementation of measures on conservation and restoration of agricultural lands, their return to agricultural turnover as needed becomes an important direction of regulation of agricultural land use, capable to provide high economic efficiency of land use and protection. Planning of these measures in the general system of land protection should form the basis of the land policy of the state aimed at ensuring food security of the country. For this purpose, it will be necessary to form conditions for organization of rational and effective use of land resources, one of the directions is conservation of forage lands.
Methods and means of searching for carbon monoxide source (CO) using small aircraft
Authors: Polyakov R Yu , Shubkin S Yu , Bagryantsev O V , Dobrin A V , Fedyanin V I
Published: June 2022

The article considers the method and means of early detection of the air pollution source on the example of carbon monoxide (CO). The relevance of the study is determined by the method of searching for CO source using modern robotic aircraft. A comparative analysis of environmental monitoring using mobile laboratories and stationary observation points was made, integral indicator values of expert assessment of the quality indicators of environmental monitoring of the air atmosphere were calculated. The advantages of the method for detecting the carbon monoxide source over existing ones are substantiated.
Energy savings through rationalization of exhaust ventilation emission treatment technology
Authors: Sotnikova E V , Kalpina N Yu
Published: June 2022

The scheme of purification of exhaust ventilation emissions from harmful impurities of production sites. Calculated energy costs according to the traditional scheme cleaning, including a cyclone and a Venturi scrubber. To reduce energy costs, it is proposed air purification scheme from fine dust using an innovative irrigated nozzle made of porous plastic plates for turbulence of air flow. It is proved by calculation that in order to achieve the required environmental dust efficiency in the innovative system, energy consumption is about 9 times less.
Development of a highly efficient rotary blanching machine for agricultural products
Authors: Rakhmatov O , Nuriev K K , Davlatov P , Rakhmatullaev R K
Published: June 2022

The article describes the operating conditions of a rotary blanching machine with synchronization of the angular velocity of the rotor with its metering device. Analytical equations describing the motion of a material particle during the transition from a paddle dispenser to a cassette container are derived. The basic requirement for the blanching machine design is justified, which consists in the fact that by the time the material weight detached from the dispenser blade to the cassette arrives, the lid of the latter must be fully open. This happens in the I-th, then in the II-th quadrant it closes and in the IV-th quadrant it opens.
Impact of the No-Till technology on erosive degradation of soils in hollows
Authors: Tubalov A A , Kholodenko A V
Published: June 2022

The present research is aimed at studying the impact of the modern no-till agricultural technology on the development of erosion processes on cultivated arable land in the subzone of the southern chernozems of the Volgograd region. Evaluation of the impact of this agricultural technology was based on the analysis and comparison of soil cover in hollows located in the fields cultivated using either the classic technology or the no-till technology. The research methodology is based on combination of remote, field and laboratory methods for studying the soil cover. Analysis and generalization of data obtained in the course of laboratory studies of selected soil samples made it possible to identify a high degree of erosion processes in the hollows located in the fields, which had been cultivated using the no-till technology for three years. Comparison of the values of the content of organic carbon in the zones of removal, transit and accumulation of fine earth indicates the development of water degradation processes in the middle part of the hollows. Thus, for soil samples taken from a depth of 0-10 cm, the value of organic carbon content in the variant of soil tilled using the new technology is 2.6%, while in the variant tilled using the classic technology, this value is equal to 3.1%. The revealed differences in the soil cover of the hollows can be explained by interaction of the patterns of development of erosion-accumulation processes and the features of the no-till technology in specific natural and climatic conditions.
Protection of potatoes from late blight in Sakhalin
Authors: Buldakov S A , Shakleina N A , Plekhanova L P
Published: June 2022

The article presents long-term studies on the study of agrotechnical and chemical measures to combat potato late blight in the Sakhalin region. At the initial stage of work (1951-1966), the local population of the fungus Phytophtora infestans was studied, and a method for short-term prognosis of the disease was developed. For the first time, a complex of agrotechnical and chemical measures was developed: preplant germination and treatment of tubers with microelements (Cu, B, Mn); joint application of fertilizers and copper sulfate; double spraying of potato seedlings with microelements; fungicide treatments; removal of tops on seed plots before harvesting; post-harvest planting of seed material. Between 1996 and 2019 the improvement of disease control measures was carried out on the basis of the use of chemical and biological agents. In 1996-2003 among the studied modern fungicides, the most effective were systemic preparations (Acrobat MC, Ordan), as well as the combined use of Ordan with the biological product Planriz and Sodium Humate, which made it possible to reduce the development of the disease by 24.2-69.1% and increase the yield by 17.3-48.9%. According to the results of research in 2016-2019. Innovative combined action fungicides Infinito and Consento had the maximum protective effect against fungal infection. The use of drugs under production conditions made it possible to reduce the degree of damage to the vegetative mass by the pathogen by 56.5-60.0%, and increase the yield by 31.2-36.5%. Technical efficiency corresponded to 67-71%. The studied biopreparations (Trichocin, Vitaplan) are recommended for prophylactic treatment of potatoes in the initial period of vegetation.
Monitoring the efficiency of using different types of water and developing a technology for obtaining a hydroponic substrate
Authors: Aniskina M V , Petenko A I , Gneush A N , Maxim E A , Yurin D A
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the study is monitoring the efficiency of using different types of water when growing seedlings of the desired quality and developing a technology for obtaining a hydroponic substrate for the production of feed additive for farm animals. We selected the optimal means of seed sterilization, found the amount of the substrate and determined the influence of various types of mineral water on the growth and germination of wheat seeds, as well as on the change in the amount of nutrients. Experimental data confirm the advisability of using mineral water for germinating grain, since it provides a good biochemical composition of seedlings.
NLP and ML based approach of increasing the efficiency of environmental management operations and engineering practices
Authors: Eshbayev O A , Mirzaliev S M , Rozikov R U , Kuzikulova D M , Shakirova G A
Published: June 2022

Nowadays, environmental preservation is becoming the arena where technological breakthroughs and advances are implemented as the promising way for the future sustainable development of humanity. To provide quality environmental designs and effective environmental policies as their basic functions respectively, environmental engineering and management programs are also faced with acknowledgment of modern technologies in the division of their environmental affairs. This paper proposes an approach that is based on two specific directions of information technologies (natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML)) to increase the efficiency of environmental management policies and engineering practices. Those two fields of informatics are critical points in developing environmental awareness or competencies of environmental managers/engineers since there are many existing occlusions to be removed in developmental path of environmental management/engineering such as less accurate performance of systems, environmentally-savvy technologies for reforms, and so on. Literature review and stakeholder analysis methods are used in reviewing management operations and engineering practices to determine how two directions of computer science help increase the efficiency of those ecological majors and propose research informed guidelines. The results show that machine learning, and natural language processing are keys to performing “minimize risk” job assignments such as predicting and awareness.
Patterns of differentiation of the old arable horizon of fallow soils according to the content of mobile forms of manganese and copper
Authors: Giniyatullin К G , Okunev R V , Smirnova E V , Sahabiev I A , Latipova L I
Published: June 2022

The differentiation of the old arable horizon (Ap old) by the content of mobile manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) under fallow vegetation aged 15-20 years was studied. The accumulation of mobile Mn in the upper layer (0-10 cm), Cu in the 5-15 cm layer was observed. Linear modeling of the dependence of the content of Mn and Cu on alkali-soluble organic matter (OMP) and pH showed the influence of only one significant predictor on each element. The content of Mn has a significant strong (R2
adj.=0.72) influence of OMP. The pH has a statistically significant, but weak (R2
adj.= 0.19) effect on the Cu content. The difference in the patterns of differentiation is associated with the accumulation of mobile Mn by newly formed organic matter (OM) in fallows and the migration of mobile Cu with soluble fractions of OM in acidic soils. The study of changes in the mobility of heavy metals (HMs) in fallows is necessary to reduce environmental risks when changing land use, as well as to provide a realistic prediction of atmospheric carbon sequestration in fallow soils, taking into account changes in the level of toxicity of HMs. The relevance of these studies is associated with the fact that the removal of lands with heavy HM contamination from arable circulation in fallows is practiced more and more often.
Mineral fertilizers as a technique for regulating the productivity of fiber flax
Authors: Romanova I N , Glushakov S N , Nikitin A N , Ptitsyna N V , Lyakina O A , Solntseva O I
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes and presents data on the growth and development of the Phoenix fiber flax variety during the growing season, depending on the type and ratio of mineral fertilizers. The object of research was the variety of fiber flax Phoenix. The use of the tested types of mineral fertilizers made it possible to obtain a yield of flax straw up to 9.49 t/ha and seeds up to 0.34 t/ha. In general, the most effective was the use of fertilizers in option 11 (pre-sowing application of NPK(S) 8:20:30(2) + 0.3B at a dose of 200 kg/ha + Ammophos NP 12:52 at a dose of 133 kg/ha + Kalimag 38 at a dose of 137 kg/ha + top dressing in the herringbone phase ammonium nitrate 34.6 at a dose of 59 kg/ha + trace elements), where the level of yield relative to the control increased by an average of 100% for straw and 70% for seeds. All yield data are confirmed by the elements of its structure. Thus, plant height ranged from 68 to 91 cm, technical length - from 54 to 70 cm, number of plants before harvesting - 1232-1616 pcs/ha, seed weight per plant - 0.16-0.22 g, straw weight - 0.40-0.60 g.
The possibility of introduction and cultivation of vegetable soybean in the Amur Region
Authors: Vaitekhovich Iurii , Lyude Anna , Boiarskaia Anastasiia , Hasegawa Hideo
Published: June 2022

Soybean as a valuable fodder and oilseed crop has taken the primary place in agriculture of the Amur region, occupying 75.4% of the total sown area in 2021. However, research and experimental data on the vegetable alternative of soybean for the region are insignificant. This study suggests that given complex economic, cultural, and climatic conditions changes, successful introduction and cultivation of vegetable soybean Edamame is timely and needs investigation. The climatic conditions analysis demonstrated that the mean annual temperatures increased in the observed period (1910-2021). Analysis of the similarities and differences in grain and vegetable soybean cultivation, including necessary agricultural machinery, suggested that partial re-equipment of the technical base for harvesting and postharvest processing of vegetable soybean could make it fully possible to cultivate Edamame. Given the high vulnerability of vegetable soybean to excess moisture and a tendency of the Amur region loamy soils to waterlogging, drainage amelioration measures were recommended. It is concluded that for the efficient cultivation of Edamame, further substantial research and longitudinal field studies of profitability, region-specific agrotechnology, and appropriate soybean varieties are necessary.
Diversity of ectomycorrhizal structures of Larix sukaczewii and Pinus sylvestris
Authors: Mukhametova G M , Zaitsev G A
Published: June 2022

The ecological value of ectomycorrhizal associations is not restricted to the organism level. They play an essential role in plant communities as key to the diversity and sustainability of species. The sustainability of forest stands in urbanised areas depends on preserving mycorrhizal communities’ structural and functional organisation. Reducing species diversity of ectomycorrhizal associations does not lessen the resilience of forest ecosystems in industrial centres but is balanced by morphological diversity.
Immunological assessment of varieties of cereal crops relative to the North Caucasian and Belarusian populations of the pathogen of pink snow mold
Authors: Volkova G V , Yakhnik Y V , Zhukovsky A G , Pilat T G , Zhukovskaya A A
Published: June 2022

The article presents the results of an immunological assessment of the North Caucasian (NC) and Belarusian (BL) populations of pink snow mold (pathogen Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels & I.C. Hallett) of 2 triticale varieties, 3 rye varieties, 2 winter barley varieties of Belarusian selection and 11 varieties barley, 20 varieties of winter wheat of Russian selection in the seedling phase. Infectious material was selected from two geographically distant zones - the population of the fungus of the North Caucasus region of the Russian Federation (NC) and the population selected on the crops of the Republic of Belarus (BL). It was revealed that resistance to NC was shown by one variety of winter triticale Grenado with a degree of damage of 3.2 points. Winter rye varieties showed different degrees of susceptibility to both populations: Zazerskaya 3 (NC - 5.0 points, BL 8.2 - points), Forzetti (NC5.2 - points, BL 6.4 - points), Golubka (NC - 5.4 points, BL 7.2 points). High resistance to both pathogen populations was found in the winter barley variety Vivat (NC - 2.8 points, BL - 2.6 points). High resistance relative to both populations was found in winter wheat varieties: Helios (NC - 2.0 points, BL - 2.4 points), Iliad (NC - 2.0 points, BL - 2.8 points) and Soberbash (NC 2, 8 - points, BL 2.8 - points). The degree of plant damage by the Belarusian population of the pathogen of pink snow mold was higher than the North Caucasian population (Ft4.0<Ff4.5) with a moderate degree of correlation of damage by different populations (rxy=0.33), which indicates a higher aggressiveness of the pathogen common on crops grain crops of Belarus.
Expansion of Acer negundo L. in the forest parks of Yekaterinburg
Authors: Tishkina E A
Published: June 2022

The article studies the adaptive mechanism of the distribution ofAcer negundoL. on the example of habitats in the Southwestern forest park based on population (age and vitality structure) and organismal parameters (morphometric indicators). An assessment of the invasive potential made it possible to establish similar features of the introduction of the ash-leaved maple in any of its habitats. All fragments of the cenopopulation were at the initial stage of introduction and began their expansion from open spaces, well settling in forest ecosystems, mainly in forb and horsetail-forb pine forests with a tree canopy density of 0.4–0.5. This trend of conquest of the territory by the “aggressor” species continues at the present time, and it can be said with confidence that this situation is typical for many regions of Russia, therefore, it is necessary to monitor the state of ecosystems.
Simulation of a fuel element made of plutonium dioxide
Authors: Kanareykin Aleksandr Ivanovich
Published: June 2022

The work is devoted to the calculation of the temperature field of the fuel element of a nuclear reactor made of plutonium dioxide. At the same time, the heat release process itself is stationary and occurs under boundary conditions of the first kind. The author obtained a solution that takes into account the dependence of the thermal conductivity of plutonium dioxide on temperature using a quadratic approximation. The result obtained can be useful for more accurate calculations in order to ensure the reactor’s operability for a longer time.
Innovative technology for processing flax straw on block-modular mobile units in agricultural organizations
Authors: Nikiforov A G , Gerasimov V N , Novitsky V M , Startseva Yu V , Boboev F J , Baranovskaya T P
Published: June 2022

The article considers the possibilities of increasing the profitability of flax production during the primary processing of trusts directly in the flax-sowing economy using innovative technology. A substantiated layout design of a mobile block-modular unit for processing flax straw into a single-type short fiber in a field mill and a hospital is presented. The description of the structure is given.
Use of digital characteristics of soil color for assessing the degree of soil erosion
Authors: Tubalov A A
Published: June 2022

The present study is aimed at developing and improving approaches to assessment of the degree of soil erosion. The transition from verbal to digital form of determining the color of soils expands the possibilities of using this morphological feature. It allows determining the thickness of soil horizons based on the data of laboratory analysis of the color of soil samples. The methodological basis of the study is represented with the index method or the method of field standardization of territories. According to this method, the main contour of the soil is characterized by a full-profile soil pit, and soil changes caused by the relief near the main pit are estimated by changes in the characteristics of soil layers. Measurement of the latter was carried out in the course of the laboratory analysis of soil samples selected by soil drilling. As a result of the study, the soil color coordinates were determined in the CAI Lab system. Their values correspond to the soil samples of the southern chernozem taken at a depth of 1 meter every 10 centimeters. The linear nature of interconnection between the index of organic carbon content in the soil samples and the corresponding values of the lightness index in the CAI Lab color model was confirmed. The soil samples with varying degrees of erosion were identified in a research object: soils of watersheds unaffected by erosion processes; moderately eroded soils of hollows exposed to water erosion; drift soils of the mouth of hollows.
Results of an experimental study of measuring the current-voltage characteristics of an HTSC cable on a model setup
Authors: Firsov V P , Antyukhov I V , Yakovlev A A , Golovanov D V
Published: June 2022

The volt-ampere characteristics experimental study results of the HTSP cable in hybrid high power transmission systems presented. These systems use a superconducting cable to transmit energy. The liquid hydrogen or LNG (liquefied natural gas) simultaneous transportation leads to an increase in power transmission and energy flow density in the system.
Improving the energy efficiency of a solar air heater with a heat exchanger – accumulator
Authors: Toshmamatov B M , Shomuratova S M , Mamedova D N , Samatova SH Y , Chorieva S
Published: June 2022

The authors of the work presented developed solar air-heater with a spiral heat exchanger-accumulator based on their developed scheme. The article discusses a result of experimental studies, the high energy efficiency of a solar air-heater with a spiral heat exchanger-accumulator in the mode of medium heating of heat carriers in the natural and climatic conditions of Karshi. In July 2021, the maximum level of solar radiation was recorded for the entire experimental and research period. This article shows that the maximum air temperature rose to 78 °C due to the use of oil to collect heat in the SAH and that hot air was supplied to the consumer during the day. As a result of experimental studies, the main experimental designs and modes of operation of the solar air heater with a spiral heat exchanger-accumulator were substantiated.
Comparison of organic-inorganic p-i-n and p-n heterostructures as potential solar cell designs for use in difficult weather conditions
Authors: Yu Strekert O , Marsov N G
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the possibility of increasing the spectral sensitivity of an organic-inorganic p-i-n-heterostructure solar cell as compared to a p-n-structure solar cell. Both p-i-n and p-n structures are fabricated from gallium arsenide (GaAs) and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) using the same technology. In fabricating the p-n-structure, CuPc is deposited in a thinner layer and is fully doped with oxygen; in fabricating the p-i-n-structure, CuPc is deposited in a thicker layer and only its upper part is doped. The main properties of both heterostructures are investigated. The shift in spectral absorption maximum towards the shorter wavelength portion of the spectrum is found to increase the spectral sensitivity and efficiency of the p-i-n-heterostructure n-GaAs/(i-CuPc)/p-CuPc compared to the p-n-heterostructure n-GaAs/p-CuPc. The discussed technology can be used to optimize the solar cell performance under the low temperature and cloud cover conditions.
Fatty acid composition of seeds of pumpkin (Cucurbita) varieties cultivated mechanized in the conditions of the Nonchernozem zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Goncharov A V , Gasparyan Sh V , Levshin A G , Sh Gasparyan A , Gasparyan I N
Published: June 2022

One of the most important factors for maintaining human health is a good nutrition of macro and micronutrients. Insufficient nutrition of essential nutrients leads to various disorders of the body. In recent years, more and more malnutrition has been observed, especially a deficiency of polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. Of great interest is pumpkin seed oil, which is rich in linoleic acid. Linoleic acid belongs to the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-6 family, which is not formed in the body and must be constantly supplied with food. Cultivation of pumpkin in the temperate zone is very important. This will provide the population with vegetable oil with high biological efficiency due to the content of linoleic acid. The fatty acid composition of pumpkin seeds is influenced by many factors: climatic data, varieties, agricultural practices, etc. Mechanized industrial crops of pumpkin are located mainly in the southern regions, due to the fact that this crop is thermophilic. In recent years, there has been a change in climate, in the temperate zone, the growing season has increased due to the earlier onset of spring and later autumn, the sum of active temperatures, etc. There is a certain tendency to increase the area occupied by this crop in the temperate zone. The correct selection of varieties and variety samples for mechanized cultivation becomes an urgent task. The experiments were carried out in the Moscow region. 16 varieties and variety samples were studied according to the standard method. A high oil content in the studied samples was revealed - The studied varieties and variety samples have a high oil content: from 33.6 to 54.6%. When studying the fatty acid composition, the highest content is represented by the essential polyunsaturated fatty linoleic acid up to 68.55% - in the Pivdenny variety.
Detailing the target interval of the section by increasing the resolution of the data using the optimal parameters of reverse filtration in the Kurovdag and Hovsany areas of Azerbaijan
Authors: Akhmedov T R , Alibekova E T , Osmanli V M
Published: June 2022

The article discusses ways to improve the resolution of seismic surveys. It is noted that this issue has been in the focus of attention of geophysicists since the early stages of the application of this method and has not lost its relevance at present. The criteria for the resolution of seismic surveys are recalled, among which the Rayleigh criterion has received wide application. It is noted that the geological environment behaves like a filter, absorbing the high-frequency components of the waves increases the wavelength, thereby deteriorating the resolution. It is brought to the attention that in the mid-fifties Robinson proposed reverse filtering, which is still widely used in the practice of seismic exploration. Here, the main emphasis is on the fact that the choice of deconvolution parameters (inverse filter) is very important, which is demonstrated on the seismic trace model. The main part of the article presents the results of applying the optimal deconvolution parameters in two fairly old fields in Azerbaijan - Kurovdag and Govsany, which have different surface and deep seismogeological conditions located in different oil and gas regions. The main geological and geophysical information about these fields is given, then the results of applying the optimal operators of predictive deconvolution are described in sufficient detail. It is noted that due to the fact that these deposits have been in operation for quite a long time and therefore their prospects are of course connected by smaller objects, and elucidation of finer features of the section in such deposits is of paramount importance and it was possible to elucidate the fine structure of the lower productive strata (Kyurovdag) and the Kalinskaya suite (Govsany) of the productive strata, belonging to the lower Pliocene. It is these deposits that attract the attention of geologists and geophysicists at the present time.
Flow cryogenic supply systems for HTS power systems
Authors: Firsov V P , Antukhov I V
Published: June 2022

Operation principles of cryogenic supply systems for power HTS systems have been examined. Two flow cryogenic supply systems have been described. These cryogenic supply systems have been created in MAI and utilized to ensure the operation of HTS power devices (power cables, electric motors, and generators, transformers, etc.).
Effect of LEDs on the growth and physiological responses of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Authors: Kondratieva V V , Voronkova T V , Semenova M V , Olekhnovich L S , Shelepova O V
Published: June 2022

Sweet basil Ocimum basilicum L. belongs to the mint family and grows wild in tropical and subtropical climates. Basil is an important culinary and essential oil crop grown and used throughout the world. In areas with insufficient natural light for optimal plant growth and productivity, high pressure sodium light sources are widely used. However, these lamps are considered energy-intensive, and they also generate a large amount of thermal radiation. Therefore, there is great interest in replacing sodium lamps with new, more efficient light sources in the form of light emitting diodes (LEDs). In this work, the influence of two light sources (white LED light and red-blue together with white LED light) on the growth, development and physiological parameters of two varieties of sweet basil was studied - green basil of the “Anisoviy aromat” variety and red basil of the “Opal” variety. Illumination with red-blue light in combination with white LED light had a clear advantage in almost all growth and development parameters measured for both varieties of basil. Plants of green basil cultivar “Anisoviy aromat” and red basil cultivar “Opal” at both stages of crop accounting were taller, had larger mass and larger leaves. with white light in red basil plants allowed to surpass the control plants by about one and a half times. At the same time, white LEDs initiated a more effective photoprotective mechanism during long-term cultivation of green basil plants.
Selection of miniature varieties of Solanaceae crops in Armenia
Authors: Sarikyan K M , Grigoryan M G , Akopyan E A , Zurabyan A K , Martirosyan G S
Published: June 2022

The article considers the creation of miniature varieties of nightshade crops. For breeding purposes, wild species and relatives of solanaceous crops were used. We have created miniature varieties of tomato - Emmy, hot pepper - Bouquet, eggplant - Solsis, physalis - Lady, nightshade - Black Karaleva. New varieties can be effectively introduced in the republic and similar regions of the globe.
Application of the calculating scheme for rock freezing depth during geotechnical monitoring on the Anzob pass (Tajikistan)
Authors: Frolov D M , Koshurnikov A V , Gagarin V E , Nabiev I A , Dodoboev E I
Published: June 2022

Rock instability in high-altitude areas is an important risk factor for humans and infrastructure, especially in the context of climate change. The presence of water in the rock leads to a clear increase in the strength of the rock, the effect is enhanced at lower temperatures and a higher degree of saturation. Since the decrease in rock strength due to the phase transition from frozen to thawed state has a great impact on the strength and stability of the rock soil, the paper proposes a model and a numerical method for estimating the depth of rock soil freezing based on data on air temperature and the thickness of the snow cover. The paper also evaluates the effect of air temperature and snow cover on the rock soil stability and depth of freezing according to the proposed calculation algorithm which is applied for the winter periods 2010/2011-2019/2020 at the Anzob pass in Tajikistan. The calculating scheme is constructed according to the three-layer medium thermal conductivity problem (snow, frozen and thawed rock) with a phase transition on the boundary frozen and thawed rock soil. The equation of heat balance contains the heat of the phase transition, the energy of inflow from the thawed rock and the outflow into the frozen rock and, in the presence of snow cover, the outflow into the atmosphere air through it.
Automation of processes at oil and gas enterprises as the main factor of resource saving
Authors: Demina S M , Basamykina A N
Published: June 2022

This article considers the practicality of applying automation processes for resource saving. For this purpose, the issue of energy intensity of the oil and gas complex was investigated. We also analyzed the life cycle of the oil and gas industry product, i.e. fuel. Then we studied how automation systems can be applied at its different stages and what changes in energy intensity of an enterprise the introduction of automated systems leads to.
Development of oil well development technology using jet pumps after hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Verisokin A E , Shlein G.A. , Gukasyan T K , Yu Verisokina A
Published: June 2022

For the development of production wells with degraded filtration parameters in domestic and foreign practice, various methods are used. But, as the practice of work has shown, the most effective means of development and research of production wells are jet devices, which are distinguished by their simplicity of design and the possibility of their use in various mining and geological conditions. The article proposes technology and technical means to improve the connection between the well and the reservoir, increase the coverage of the fractured space, reduce material and time costs during well development. It is shown that complex technological solutions during development after hydraulic fracturing lead to an increase in the production rate of oil wells.
Analysis of water surface area dynamics of the Teniz-Korgalzhin lake system by remote sensing methods
Authors: Yu Zengina T , Kirillov S N , Slipenchuk M V , Sagyntkan A A
Published: June 2022

Teniz-Korgalzhyn lakes are included in the list of Ramsar sites of international importance and are a place of concentration of a huge number of waterfowl and near-water birds. These are more than 60 fresh and salt lakes with a depth of 1-4 m. Changing the area of the water surface of lakes leads to a change in habitat conditions, species composition and number of birds. The article shows that the changes are associated with both natural and anthropogenic factors. The possibility of studying the dynamics of the area of lakes based on the methods of geoinformation analysis and remote sensing is considered. Several methods have been tested for calculating the area of the water surface of lakes using multizonal space images using specialized spectral indices. On the example of 18 lakes for each method, the mean square error of the accuracy of the results obtained was calculated. It is shown that for the study area the most reliable result is given by the modified normalized water index MNDWI. On its basis, the interannual dynamics of the area of the water surface of the Teniz-Korgalzhyn lakes for the period from 2006 to 2019 was analyzed. It is shown that the fluctuation of the total area of the water surface of the largest lakes during this period reached 2.5 times. At the same time, the trend towards a gradual increase in the area of freshwater lakes since 2013 is primarily due to the action of natural and climatic factors. A much more significant increase in the area of the salt lakes Big and Small Teniz is due to the additional inflow of water due to the breakthrough of the Tabiyak dam in 2015.
Experience in the use of biological products in grain production
Authors: Yurina T A , Sviridova S A , Belik M A , Mishurov N P
Published: June 2022

The article presents the data of industrial experience of using biological preparations in the technology of cultivation of winter wheat in the zone of unstable moistening of the Krasnodar Territory. Based on the results of the studies, it was found that the use of the complex biological product Albit and the concentrated humic fertilizer Lignogumat improves the biometric parameters of plants (elongation of the ear by 5.6%, an increase in the number of grains per ear by 17.9% and the weight of 1000 grains by 5.9%), there was an increase in yield by 3.0 c/ha (or 5.1%) and an increase in profit by 4027 rubles/ha.