bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Social Cognitive Theory on the Motivations and Expectations of Developers’ and Investors’ to Commit to Green Building Construction and Supply
Authors: Iheanyichukwu Joachim Onuoha , Aliagha Godwin Uche , Kamarudin Norhaya , Ufere Kalu Joseph
Published: December 2014

While Social cognitive theory has received wide applications in the health communication and education, it has gained little attention in green building market despites its relevance and applicability. The study builds upon social cognitive theory major attributes such as intention, forethought, motivation and expectation to conceptualize a motivation and expectation model for commitment of developers and investors to green building construction and supply. Based on the conceptualized model we infer that motivational expectations of developers and investors in green building construction and supply are rooted in the quest for profit maximization, financial viability of green construction, expected rate of return, monetary incentives, green certification and awards, public image, social and ethical responsibility. However, it is predicted that the nature and strength of relationships among some of these factors will be moderated by available green building skills.
Properties of IA/SAS Copolymer and Itaconic Acid Homopolymer
Authors: Li Hai Hua , Liu Zhen Fa , Guo Ru Hui , Yan Mei Fang
Published: December 2014

The sulfo-group-containing itaconic-acid-based polymer (IA/SAS) and the itaconic acid homopolymer (PIA) were synthesized. The molecular structure of itaconic acid, copolymer and homopolymer were determined by IR analysis. The performances of inhibition against CaCO3 and Ca3(PO4)2 scale of the two polymers were compared by the static scale inhibition experiments. When the dosage exceeded 20 mg/L, both of the inhibition efficiencies against CaCO3 scale were higher than 90%. IA/SAS had obvious performance of inhibition against Ca3(PO4)2 scale, when the dosage of IA/SAS was 28 mg/L, the scale inhibition efficiency reached 100%. While PIA did not show any effect of inhibiton against Ca3(PO4)2 scale within the test range.
Effects of Acetate on Metabolism of Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Bacteria
Authors: Sun Jia Jing , Zhang Lei , Wang Luo , Chen Xiao Bo
Published: December 2014

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process is a heated researched biotechnology for nitrogen removal in wastewater. The application of the process is limited due to its long start-up time and sensitivity to organic matters. This paper discussed the effects of acetate on anammox process. The nitrogen removal rate of anammox process was elevated at low acetate content (1 mmol/L) and decreased at high acetate content (3 and 4 mmol/L). The ratios among NH4+-N, NO2--N and NO3--N were not related acetate content and remained at 1:1.50:0.07, but the ratios between acetate and three forms of nitrogen were acetate dependent.
Applications of Physical Factors in Steroid Bioconversion
Authors: Li Xiao Jing , Ji Yun Zhe , Wang Xiao Jie
Published: December 2014

Steroid microbial conversion system is a complex but controllable system with multiple factors involved. In the process of steroid microbial conversion, strain screening and selection is essential to improving productivity and reducing costs. However, good-quality strains need optimal environmental conditions to best play their roles. Therefore, environmental conditions can significantly affect the conversion rate in addition to the quality of the strains utilized. Microbial environment includes physiological and biochemical environment, physical and materialized environment and hydro-mechanical environment. For example, the composition, pH value and dissolved oxygen of culture medium affect the physiological and biochemical environment; gas-liquid interface and liquid-solid interface of culture media affect the physical and materialized environment; scattered and mixed conditions of culture system affect the hydro-mechanical environment. Representative physical factors and their applications in steroid microbial conversion system are briefly reviewed herein.
Fast Adsorption of Erythromycin on the Conjugated Microporous Polymers
Authors: Zheng Chun Li , Du Miao Miao , Rong Yu Zhou
Published: December 2014

As a kind of ideal porous absorbents with tunable porosity, large surface areas, and hydrophobicity, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have recently received extensive attention in oil/organic solvent-water separation. However, reports on the application of CMPs in adsorption of erythromycin (ERY) from water are very few. In this work, the adsorption of ERY by three kinds of CMPs was firstly studied. It was observed that all the CMPs extracted ERY quickly from water. The adsorption kinetics of ERY on the three CMPs was well expressed by the pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption process was found to be mainly controlled by film diffusion. Increasing surface area of the CMPs resulted in greater extent of adsorption. This work may provide fundamental guidance for removal of antibiotics by CMPs.
Analysis of Physicochemical Properties of Hevea Brasiliensis Seed Oil into Lubricating Base Oil
Authors: Lin Miao Shan , Wang Yu Qun
Published: December 2014

This template explains and demonstrates This article determines the oil content of Hevea brasiliensis seed by using ether as a solvent, and conducts a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the composition of ratty acid in the oil of Hevea brasiliensis seed with gas chromatogram, thus certifying the composition and relative content of 8 kinds of fatty acid. We also determine the chemical composition of Hevea brasiliensis cake, the protein content in cake, and the existence of cyanic glucoside. All these provided scientific data for future comprehensive development and utilization of the natural source of Hevea brasiliensis seed.
Effects of Cleaner Papermaking Additives WEC on Sizing Degrees in Neutral Papermaking with Mechanical Pulp
Authors: Huang Guang Hua , Zhu Yong Qiang , Xia Wei Hong , Cao Ping , Zhang Zhan Jun
Published: December 2014

Influences of self-developed additives WEC02/WEC03 on sizing of mechanical pulp are analyzed in this study. The results indicated that the optimal dosage for paper sizing were 0.2% (w/w) for WEC02, with sizing degree of 33 s, and 0.8% for WEC03, with sizing degree of 52 s. In addition, the combined usage of WEC02 (0.2%) and WEC03 (0.6%) at pH7.0 could get better sizing performance than single application of WEC02 or WEC03 with sizing value of 77 s. It is obvious that WEC02/WEC03 have great potential to improve sizing efficiency in neutral paperrmaking, leading to saving the sizes dosage and cutting down the production cost.
Development of a High-Throughput Immunoassay for Rapid Detection of Multiple Antibiotic Residues in Cosmetics
Authors: Xun Yi Ping , Yan Hai , Liu Jia , Shi Li Li , Chen Peng , Du Hong Wu
Published: December 2014

Antibiotic residues in cosmetics can cause seriously healthy problems such as sensitization, systemic toxicity, or even death. The developments of rapid methods for multiple antibiotics detection are needed to conveniently detect out the illegal additives. In this study, a simple, cost-effective and time-saving immunoassay, multi-analyte dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Multi-Dot-ELISA), for the simultaneous detection of three most common abused antibiotics (CPFX, TC, and SMD) was successfully designed and developed. Based on the competitive Multi-Dot-ELISA, real samples from 5 of 15 (33%) commercial cosmetic products were found CPFX and SMD additives which are banned in China. We demonstrate that this rapid and low-cost platform is a promising tool in human health protection.
Chiral Separation of Cypermethrin Enantiomers by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Fan Su Su , Shi Jian , Yuan Ling , Zhou Ling , Xu Zhi Peng
Published: December 2014

The separation of cypermethrin was studied on Chiralcel OD-H column using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. And well distinguished peaks of cypermethrin isomers were obtained. The influences of mobile phase ratios, flow rates, and detection wavelengths on the separation results were investigated. The optimal chromatographic conditions were as follows: the mobile phase ratio was hexane: isopropanol = 97:3, the flow rate was 0.4ml/min, and the wavelength was set as 236 nm. Under the optimal conditions, the resolutions of cypermethrin enantiomers were more than 2.0.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Mine Geological Environment in Jilin
Authors: Wang Ke , Zhu Yu Sheng , Cao Yu He
Published: December 2014

In order to fully understand the status and hazards of the province’s mining, master mine geological environment problems caused by mining, develop mine geological environment survey in Jilin Province. According to the survey data, confirm the various influence factors of the mine geological environment, use the “comprehensive evaluation method” to quantitative evaluation of mine geological environment of the province. Divided into three grades, namely mine geological environment extremely affected zone (I), mine geological environment very affected zone (II), mine geological environment slightly affected zone (III).
Economic Assessment of Construction Project Environmental Impact Based on Cost-Benefit Analysis Method
Authors: Zhu Li , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2014

This paper explored cost-benefit analysis in the economic assessment of environmental impact of construction projects, proposed the objects and methods of economic evaluation of environmental impact, constructed a comprehensive evaluation indicator system. The indicator system reflected external economic characteristics of construction project environmental impact. Finally, this paper introduced the indicator algorithm, achieved the environmental impact measurement of monetization.
Sorption of Phenanthrene by Dissolved Organic Matters and their Complex with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Wei Chao Xian , Liang Ni
Published: December 2014

The environmental behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has attracted great research attention. However, their sorption mechanisms in organo-mineral complexes are still not specific enough. Batch sorption experiments with humic acid (HA) were carried out with iron oxide and their complexes adsorption phenanthrene (PHE) to determine the adsorption characteristics and mechanisms in this study. These results showed that the weakly polar and aromatic fractions of DOM preferentially adsorbed on the surface of iron oxide minerals. The organic matter (OM) binding on the surface of iron oxide played an important role for the adsorption of PHE, where van der Waals interactions and hydrophobic bonding, with ligand exchange at an electrified interface being the dominant reaction of HA adsorption to mineral. The sorption of PHE on organo-mineral complexes was controlled by π-π interactions and hydrophobic interactions.
The Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Seawater of the Oil Spill Area in Bohai Bay (China) during the Summer
Authors: Wang Hong Wei , Cai Duan Bo , Yin Rui , Dong Yu Jing , Liu Xiang , Gao Hui Qin , Zhao Wen , Zhu Na
Published: December 2014

There were 28 seawater samples collected from seawater of the oil spill area in Bohai Bay (China) during summer, 2013. The content of heavy metal was measured. The order of content from high to low was Zn, Cu, Cr, As, Pb, Cd, Hg, Zn, Cu in surface seawater. The order was Zn, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, Hg in the bottom. There was little difference between heavy metal content in the bottom and on the surface. According to the pollution index of points, sampling points are not affected by Cr and As; As for Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg, there were different effects on the sea seawater in Bohai Bay.
Determination of the Common Phenolic Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in the Water
Authors: Ji Xiao Na , Zuo Yan , Ren Qing Kai , Zhang Xue Hua , Bian De Jun
Published: December 2014

This paper established a HPLC method of determining two common types of phenols endocrine disrupter (pEDCs) in municipal sewage, surface water and tap water. After the sample is filtered and distilled, the distillate is detected with HPLC-DAD, and quantified in external standard method. In the municipal sewage, surface water and tap water Bisphenol-A (BPA) and 4-octyl phenol (4-OP) are not found. The experiment result shows the linearly dependent coefficient (R2 ) is 0.9914 and 0.9870 respectively, the recovery lies between 89.7-95.6%, the limit of detection is 0.001 (S/N=4.0) and 0.010mg·L-1 (S/N=2.5) respectively. This method has a high separation efficiency and a rapid analysis speed.
Distribution and Forms of Phosphorus in the Buffer Zone Sediments of Erhai Lake
Authors: Zhang Wen Tao , Xing Yi , Lu Shao Yong
Published: December 2014

Spatial distribution of phosphorus in the buffer zone sediments of 16 rivers around Erhai Lake was investigated in July 2013 and different rivers are classified by hierarchical cluster. The average contents of TP, IP, Ca-P and Fe/Al-P were 822.18mg/kg, 602.42mg/kg, 396.79mg/kg and 150.64mg/kg. IP is the dominant mineral form in surface sediments. The order of the average contents of TP and IP conjects to be: West>South>North, West>North>South, respectively. The spatial distribution of TP, Ca-P and Fe/Al-P in the sediments shows a significant positive correlation with that of IP. All 16 investigated rivers are divided into five types according to the hierarchical cluster analysis: Shuangyuanxi River is one type, Zhonghexi River and Mocanxi River are one type, Boluojiang River and Baihexi River are one type, Yangxi River is one type and the other rivers are one type.
Investigation on Simultaneous Determination of Deltamethrin, Carbaryl, Microcystin-LR and Benzo[a]pyrene by Online SPE-HPLC Method
Authors: Peng Fei , Xue Hong Hai , Chen Wei Cheng , Li Zhi Qun
Published: December 2014

In this paper, simultaneous analysis method for deltamethrin, carbaryl, microcystin-LR and benzo[a]pyrene in aqueous solution was established by online solid phase extraction (SPE)-HPLC technology. The target pollutants were enriched in SPE column, eluted by switching the six-way valve, separated by analytical column, and finally measured by UV-VIS Detector (UVD) and Fluorescence Detector (FLD). The results showed that online SPE-HPLC method was suitable for determination of these four organic pollutants. The correlation coefficient of the linear curve was all larger than 0.9990, and the detection limit and the limit of quantitation could also meet the Chinese standard method for drinking water (GB/T 5750-2006 and GB/T 3838-2006). This method achieved simultaneous online enrichment and efficient removal of substrate; avoided tedious manual pre-treatment process, saved the sample volume and processing time, and also had high recovery rate and sensitivity.
Fabrication and Characterization of Ferrocene-Derived Sensor for Hydrogen Peroxide Detection
Authors: Chen Qi Dan , Xia Ting , Wu Fei , Lv Xiao Dan
Published: December 2014

Ferrocene (Fc) is an organometallic compound of sandwich structure. As the anticancer and excellent electrical activities, ferrocene and its derivatives have many applications in electrochemical monitoring [1-3]. Hydrogen peroxide (HP), with strong permeability and oxidation properties, is the product of many peroxidase catalyzed reaction, and it is widely used in medical and cosmetic fields, even for food bleaching by some illegal merchants which may cause healthy problem. In this study, the polyelectrolyte multilayer films containing ferrocene-derived polymer assembling by sol-gel process [4] was introduced to HP determination as a sensor.
Spatial Variation of Soil Organic Matter in Gully Bed with the Seabuckthorn Flexible Dam: A Case Study of EG1 in Zhun-Ge-Er County of Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Yang Fang She , Su Shu Zhen , Zhang Juan Juan , Bi Ci Fen
Published: December 2014

In this paper, based on geostatistics and GIS techniques, spatial variation characteristics of soil organic matter (acronym: SOM) on a small scale were analyzed and discussed in east-one-branch gully (EG1) bed with the seabuckthorn flexible dam and the contrastive gully bed (which is non-vegetated any vegetation) located in zhun-ge-er county, Erdos, inner Mongolia, which belongs to the typical Pisha Sandstone area. The results show that the seabuckthorn can significantly increase SOM in the small catchment gully bed in the Pisha sandstone area, and the mean SOM content in gully bed with the seabuckthorn flexible dam is approximate 1.75 times that in the contrastive gully. Apparent spatial variation characteristics of SOM were found in the gully with the seabuckthorn flexible dam and the contrastive gully bed, moreover, the medium spatial autocorrelation of SOM was detected in gully bed with the seabuckthorn flexible dam, and the spatial variation of SOM was together led to by the structural and random variation at 1-6.5 m range, and of which the random variation accounts for 40%. Additional, the spatial autocorrelation of SOM in the contrastive gully bed is higher, the spatial variation of SOM was dominantly brought about by the structural variation at 1-4.5 m range, and of which the random variation accounts for 37%. Furthermore, the fractal dimension values reveal that dependence of SOM of the gully bed with the seabuckthorn flexible dam on spatial is weaker than that of the contrastive gully bed. It is judged that the seabuckthorn has an obvious effect on spatial distribution patterns and heterogeneity of SOM on a small scale.
Isolation and Characterization of a Styrene Trimer Degrading Microorganism
Authors: Li Guang Chun , Piao Chun Xiang , Saido Katsuhiko , Chung Seon Yong
Published: December 2014

Biodegradation of the styrene trimer was investigated, and its degrading bacteria were screened and isolated. Complex bacteria ST (strain ST1 and ST2) was isolated from contaminated soil by polystyrene and named by strain ST1 and ST2. ST1 and ST2 were identified by 16S rDNA and classified byOchrobactrum intermediumsp. andPseudomonas aeruginosasp., respectively. Biodegradation experiments were performed in batch and styrene trimer was used as a sole carbon source. Isolated two bacteria were used as degrading microorganisms. Initial liquid phase concentration of the styrene trimer was 50 mg/L. 95% of the styrene trimer was degraded in 17 days by the complex strain ST. The concentration was analyzed by using GC. Metabolites of bacteria were analyzed and three kinds of products that were identified by GC/MS.
Sequential Soil Flushing for Remediation of Complex Contaminated Soils: A Pilot-Scale Test
Authors: Gillan Kim , Yun Sung Mi , Kim Han Seung
Published: December 2014

In this study, an efficient soil flushing process was developed for the remediation of soil complex contaminated with heavy petroleum oils (HPOs) and heavy metals. In most cases, remediation of contaminated soil is carried out after all industrial activity is suspended and removal of facilities. Therefore, in-situ remediation becomes more favored over ex-situ technologies albeit relatively long remediation periods are needed. In particular, soil flushing has been employed as an efficient in-situ technology most frequently in many railroad and industrial sites still in business. The objective of this study was to develop an in-situ soil flushing method using horizontal injection/suction channels. A pilot-scale box reactor (1 m × 0.6 m × 0.7 m) was employed to evaluate desorption of complex contaminants from complex contaminated soils by flushing agents. Since HPOs and heavy metals can be removed by different mechanisms, various flushing agents were required for the treatment of HPOs and heavy metals. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and citric acid were selected and injected sequentially as flushing agents for HPOs and heavy metals, respectively. Soils complex contaminated with HPOs, Zn, and Pb were collected from a railroad site, Seoul, Korea, and they were packed into the pilot-scaled reactor. Two horizontal channels were installed: injection channel was placed 10 cm below the top of soil surface and suction channel was placed 10 cm above the bottom of the reactor. Flushing agents were injected at a flow rate of 3.86 mL/min for 1 month. After flushing, soil samples were collected separately from various points of the reactor (divided into 5 vertical layers and 15 horizontal sections), and then each soil sample was analyzed for the soil flushing efficiency. The initial concentrations of HPOs, Zn and Pb were 4685.5±374.4 mg/kg, 204.9±60 mg/kg, and 139.8 mg/kg (n = 3). After soil flushing, the concentrations were decreased to 1448.4±166.7 mg/kg, 143.4 mg/kg, and 99.5 mg/kg (total removal rates = 69%, 30% and 28.9%, for HPOs, Zn, and Pb, respectively). Hence, it was confirmed in this pilot-scale study that sequential soil flushing by combination of flushing agents was effective for soils complex contaminated with HPOs and heavy metals. These results must be useful for field-scale application of soil flushing remediation for the complex contaminated soils.
Behavior of Oxidizing Substances on NO Gas Oxidation in Fenton System
Authors: Zhao Hai Qian , Gao Ji Hui , Wang Zhong Hua , Wu Shao Hua
Published: December 2014

There are variety of active substances in Fenton system, such as H2O2, HO2-, O2-·, ·OH and HO2·. In this paper, the oxidation of H2O2, HO2-, O2-·, ·OH and HO2· on NO gas was determined respectively with experimental methods. The results showed that direct oxidation of gaseous NO by H2O2, HO2- and O2-·was weak. ·OH and HO2· had strong oxidizing capacity on gaseous NO, especially ·OH. With the acceleration of ·OH and HO2· generation rate, the oxidizability of Fenton system on NO gas was stronger, but O2 generation rate also accelerated. Rapid decomposition of H2O2 is the premise to realize high NO oxidation efficiency using H2O2, but how to avoid the invalid decomposition of H2O2 is the key to increase use ratio of H2O2.
Development Status of Resourceable Technology of Flue Gas Desulphurization
Authors: Sun Zhi Guo , Xie Hong Yong , Ma Chang Wen
Published: December 2014

Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) is one of the most effective techniques to control the emission of SO2 from the combustion of coal. The by-products of FGD may occupy much land and cause the second pollution. The resourceable technology of FGD changes SO2 from flue gas to sulfur-containing by-product, by which it is possible to solve the problem of desulfurization by-product treatment. This paper reviews the recent development of resurceable technology of FGD with special reference to removal of SO2 from flue gas.
Competitive Adsorption of Lead and Copper by Kaolin
Authors: Anokye Obed Osei , Zhang Chun Lei
Published: December 2014

Due to the potential of kaolin as an adsorbent for removal of heavy metals from solution, the competitive adsorption of Lead (Pb) and Copper (Cu) by kaolin was investigated to provide further understanding on the binding behaviors and capacities of these two metals onto kaolin. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied to further explain the competition between the metals. Three different solutions were used, each at concentrations 10, 20, 30, 45, 60 and 75mg/L: single-metal solution of Pb (Pb-Only), single-metal solution of Cu (Cu-Only), and solution of both metals at the same concentrations (Binary solution). The kaolin adsorbed Pb about twice more than Cu, both for the binary solution and for the single-metal solutions. This correlated well with predictions of maximum adsorption capacity (Q) for kaolin, where Q for Pb was about twice as much as that for Cu, both in the binary solution and in the single-metal solution. Competition from Cu in binary solution reduced Pb adsorption by 9%, while Cu rather increased by 4.1%, relative to their respective adsorptions in Pb-Only and Cu-Only, respectively. However, during competitive adsorption in the binary solution, the relative proportions of adsorbed Pb increased by 11.4% as the initial metals concentration increased from 10 – 75mg/L, while that of Cu reduced by the same proportion. This was explainable by their respective separation factors (RL), which indicated higher favorability of kaolin for Pb than for Cu. Furthermore, bonding energy (KL) of Pb unto kaolin during competition was about 2.5 times that of Cu, and was likely able to cause Pb to displace Cu from kaolin surface. This study reveals greater adsorption capacity of kaolin for Pb than for Cu, and could provide the basis for future projects/studies that would employ kaolin in Pb and Cu removal.
Preparation of Nano-Titanium Dioxide by Microemulsion Method
Authors: Huang Bin , Li Li , Jiang Ya Ping , Hao Shi Xiong
Published: December 2014

Nano-titanium dioxide was prepared in a microemulsion system by solvothermal method. The microemulsion system is composed of ammonium hexafluorotitanate((NH4)2TiF6) used as titanium source, water, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), n-butanol, and cyclohexane. The influences of reaction time, amount of urea added and the mole ratio of water to CTAB (ω) on particle size, and photocatalytic activity were investigated by photocatalytic degrading methyl orange and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization. The results show that the optimum preparation conditions are that reaction time 12 h, the amount of urea added 1.5 g, and the ratio of water to CTAB ratio (ω) 18:1.
Study on the Removal Effect of Chromium(VI) in Wastewater by Rice Husk
Authors: Dai Xue Min , Wang Shu Na , Wang Xia
Published: December 2014

Rice husk was used as an adsorbent to study the adsorption of Cr (VI) from wastewater, Based on the experimental studies on influences of the particle size of rice husk, solution pH value, adsorption time, temperature and rice husk dose, the optimal conditions of the adsorption were determined as follows: temperature of 35°C, pH of 2, the particle size of rice husk in the range of 80-100 mesh, adsorption time of 3h, dose of 30g/0.2g. Under the optimal conditions, the removal rate of chromium from wastewater by rice husk can reach 91%.
The Release Mechanism of Heavy Metals from Sulfide Tailings
Authors: Zheng He Hua , Liu Hui Li , Huang Quan Bi , Li Qin Hua
Published: December 2014

The sulfide tailings is the main type of non-ferrous metals mine tailings, in which the sulfides could react with air, rain water and microorganism, etc. and then release some ions through a series of complex chemical interactions. The heavy metal ions leaching from tailings will cause serious pollution to the environment of mine region. The release mechanisms and effect factors of heavy metals ions from sulfide tailings are summarized in this paper.
Characteristics of Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Partial Nitrification Process Treating High Ammonium Wastewater
Authors: Zhang Ming Chuan , Gong Xuan , Xu Xin Yang
Published: December 2014

Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas, and biological nitrogen removal leads to nitrous oxide generation and emissions. In this study, the emission of nitrous oxide from partial nitrification process was investigated in two intermittently aerated SBRs (IASBRs). Activated sludge floc and aerobic granular sludge were feed into two IASBRs, respectively. In the steady state, partial nitrification was successfully achieved under intermittent aeration control strategy. Nitrous oxide emissions were 6.5% and 8.9% of the total influent nitrogen loading rate in IASBR1 and IASBR2, respectively. Nitrous oxide was mainly generated in non-aeration periods, but aeration period contributed to 91.8% and 90.6% of nitrous oxide emissions in two IASBRs, respectively. PHB can be used as the carbon source for heterotrophic denitrification, causing more nitrous oxide generated in IASBR2 which was seeded with aerobic granular sludge.
A Comparative Study of Electron Beam Radiation Treatment of Quinestrol, Norethindrone and Dienestrol from Wastewater and Toxicity Test
Authors: Wu Ming Hong , Li Jia Ling , He Xiang Xin , Sun Yan Feng , Xu Gang , Xu Pei Jun , Guo Rui Yun , Liu Ning , Shi Wen Yan
Published: December 2014

The irradiation degradation of selected estrogens quinestrol (QS) , norethindrone (NET) and dienestrol (DS) were evaluated by electron beam . Processes using electron beam can efficiently degradate QS, NETand DS, usually at reaction dosage lower than 6KGy. Especially remarkable is the high degradation efficiency shown by oxygen saturation which is extremely favored by acidic environment. The order of the degradation rate: DS > NET> QS by different analysis methods such as HPLC. Among electron beam irradiation carried out, higher removal of 90% from solution was observed. In addition, the estrogenic activity of QS, NET and DS was carried out by rotifer test.
Treatment, Electricity Harvesting and Sulfur Recovery from Flue Gas Pre-Treatment Wastewater Using Microbial Fuel Cells with Sulfate Reduction Bacterial
Authors: Yin Mei Yao , Zhao Xiao Juan , Li Chen Guang , Cui Hong Da , Wang Juan
Published: December 2014

Aiming at the problem of the traditional flue gas desulfurization and effluent disposal, two identical dual-chambered Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are designed to remove man-made flue gas pre-treatment wastewater (FGPW). Glucose is used as the carbon source of the Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). Carbon cloth is used as the material of anodic and cathode. The treatment performance of flue gas pre-treatment wastewater and the possibility of electricity harvesting and sulfur recovery were investigated. The results show that the output voltage is 0.68-0.72V and the maximum current density is 28.12mA/m2 at pH=7.520. The concentration of sulfate measured with ion chromatography is decreased gradually during the operation of MFC. The elemental sulfur is found in carbon cloth (taken from the MFC after working for 58 days) by analysis with XPS. The results suggest that treatment of flue gas pre-treatment wastewater and electricity harvesting and sulfur recovery by MFC is technical feasibility.
Neutralization of Acid Wastewater and Magnesium Hydroxide Slurry from Seawater Electrolytic Pretreatment
Authors: Nie Jing , Yi Shou Zhi
Published: December 2014

Produced in industrial production processes such as electrolysis, electroplate and metal pickling, industrial wastewater, which contains acids, varieties of heavy metal and whose pH value is less than 6, can be very damaging to our daily life and environment and is an urgent issue to be solved. In recent years, with environmental protection becoming an important issue around the world, and environmental regulations becoming more and more complete, the traditional water treatment technology which can cause secondary pollution is gradually restricted, and this leads to the result that environmental scientists and engineers pay more attention on the development and application of "environmentally friendly" water treatment technology[1]. Of all acid wastewater neutralizers, magnesium hydroxide, known as "green and safe neutralizer"[2, 3], is safe, reliable, non-toxic, harmless, and has high buffer performance, high activity, high adsorption capacity, and no corrosivity compared with traditional strong alkali substances (such as CaO, Ca (OH)2and NaOH, etc.). Therefore magnesium hydroxide has been widely used in the acid wastewater neutralization[4].
Feasibility of Recycling Technology of Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt
Authors: Geng Jiu Guang , Zheng Min Nan , Jin Mei Qian
Published: December 2014

The aged crumb rubber modified asphalt (abbreviated as CRMA) was recycled with two methods which were adding fresh CRMA binder and adding recycling agent to investigate the recycling feasibility of aged CRMA binder. The performance of recycled CRMA binder was evaluated systematically with a variety of indices, including penetration, softening point, ductility and viscosity. The results indicate that the performance of recycled CRMA binder has good correlation with the content of the fresh CRMA binder or recycling agent. The performance of recycled CRMA binder mixing with the fresh CRMA binder or recycling agent with the optimistic content is improved and can meet the technical requirements. According to the relevant technical standards in “Guidelines for design and construction of asphalt rubber and mixtures in Beijing”, the index of recycled CRMA binder can reach the standard when the content of fresh CRMA binder is 70% or content of recycling agent is 6%. The experimental results show that the recycling of the aged CRMA asphalt is feasible.
The Thinking and Suggestion on Construction and Demolition Waste Recycle Supervision and Administration
Authors: Li Ying , Yue Jiao , Li Chang
Published: December 2014

Based on the development of the construction and demolition waste recycle, this paper expands comprehensive thinking and analysis on the current situation and problem of construction waste recycle supervision and management system. From business management, administration, economic and public opinion etc, this thesis proposes establishing sound construction waste recycle monitoring mechanism and providing the basic system guarantee for construction waste recycle.
Durability Performance of Fly Ash Based One-Part Geopolymer Mortars
Authors: Abdollahnejad Z. , Pacheco-Torgal F. , Aguiar J.B. , Jesus C.
Published: December 2014

Environmental concerns regarding the high CO2 emissions related to the production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) led to research efforts on the development of eco-efficient alternative binders. Geopolymers constitute promising inorganic binders alternative to OPC which are based on aluminosilicates by-products and alkali activators. The geopolymerization technology of aluminosilicates is a complex chemical process evolving dissolution of raw materials, transportation, orientation and polycondensation of the reaction products. Classical two part geopolymers could become more eco-efficient with a lower CO2 footprint if sodium silicate usage is avoided. Besides current geopolymeric mixes can suffer from efflorescence originated by the fact that alkaline or soluble silicates that are added during processing cannot be totally consumed during geopolymerisation. Therefore, new and improved geopolymer mixes are needed. One-part geopolymers (sodium silicate free) were first proposed in 2007. However, very few papers were published on these materials. This paper presents experimental results on the durability performance of one-part geopolymers concerning water absorption, penetration of chloride, carbonation resistance and resistance to acid attack. Hydration products results assessed by FTIR spectra are also presented.
Eco-Efficient Self-Compacting Concrete with Reduced Portland Cement Content and High Volume of Fly Ash and Metakaolin
Authors: Anjos Marcos A.S. , Camões Aires , Jesus Carlos
Published: December 2014

The eco-efficient, self-compacting concrete (SCC) production, containing low levels of cement in its formulation, shall contribute for the constructions' sustainability due to the decrease in Portland cement use, to the use of industrial residue, for beyond the minimization of the energy needed for its placement and compaction. In this context, the present paper intends to assess the viability of SCC production with low cement levels by determining the fresh and hardened properties of concrete containing high levels of fly ash (FA) and also metakaolin (MK). Hence, 6 different concrete formulations were produced and tested: two reference concretes made with 300 and 500 kg/m3of cement; the others were produced in order to evaluate the effects of high replacement levels of cement. Cement replacement by FA of 60% and by 50% of FA plus 20% of MK were tested and the addition of hydrated lime in these two types of concrete were also studied. To evaluate the self-compacting ability slump flow test, T500, J-ring, V-funnel and L-box were performed. In the hardened state the compressive strength at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 90 days of age was determined. The results showed that it is possible to produce low cement content SCC by replacing high levels of cement by mineral additions, meeting the rheological requirements for self-compacting, with moderate resistances from 25 to 30 MPa after 28 days.
Carbonation Resistance of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete
Authors: Reis Rui , Malheiro Raphaele , Camões Aires , Ribeiro Manuel
Published: December 2014

The cement industry is responsible for a large part of the global environmental problems: is the largest consumer of natural resources; the most responsible for the emission of greenhouse gases, including about 1.8 Gt of CO2; and requires huge amounts of energy, corresponding to between 12 and 15% of industrial energy use. The cement is also not used in the most appropriate manner, since 40% of the consumption of concrete is due to the renovation and repair of buildings, making concrete structures inefficient because its durability is relatively low. However, in the future, concrete can and should evolve in order to improve its eco-efficiency, with a smaller amount of cement in its composition, replacing it with high quantities of mineral additions, particularly fly ash. Nevertheless, current technology may not allow this type of concrete to be very efficient, because its long-term durability may be compromised. In fact, with increasing dosage of pozzolanic mineral additions, alkali paste components are consumed in the reaction leaving it vulnerable to concrete carbonation which may compromise the passivation layer needed for steel rebar protection against corrosion. This article explores a promising approach to mitigate this problem, which consists in the careful addition of hydrated lime in the concrete composition, highlighting the synergy of its components, significantly enhancing its carbonation resistance. It is proposed, therefore, to manufacture a concrete with high volume of fly ash, low cement content and high service life period: an efficient and sustainable concrete. In this context, an experimental campaign was developed with the aim of characterization of pastes behavior with high fly ash content, in particular with respect to its durability. The results will be presented and properly analyzed.
Stress-Strain Behavior of Mortar Mixtures Containing Construction and Demolition Waste as Fine Aggregate
Authors: Ferreira Juliana C. , Grabois Thiago M. , Calcado Gabrielle C.S. , Filho Romildo D. Toledo
Published: December 2014

In this paper it was investigated how the use of recycled fine aggregate influences the stress-strain behavior of mortar mixtures with different strengths. The mix design composition of the studied mortars, expressed by mass, were 1:2:0.45, 1:4:0.68 and 1:6:1.05 (cement: sand: water/cement ratio). The substitution percentages by mass of the natural aggregate by recycled aggregate were 15, 25 and 50%. The recycled aggregate had a grain size distribution comparable to that of natural sand and was obtained by grinding the waste produced by the partial demolition of UFRJ’s University Hospital. The mortars were evaluated under uniaxial compressive strength test after 28 days of curing. The results indicated that for the two higher strength classes the substitution rates affects its mechanical response by decreasing the strength. Besides, for the lower strength class the recycled aggregate could promote an increase of strength in the case of 25% of replacement.
Earth Construction and Sustainability
Authors: Barbosa Normando Perazzo , Ghavami Khosrow
Published: December 2014

This paper presents some considerations on the impacts of industrialized construction materials to Planet Earth. It comments about sustainability and show that large part of the present generation has not met their basic needs, starting with the house. So, in this context, with the actual economic model, it becomes difficult to ensure that future generations are able to meet their own needs. Some considerations about possibilities of building with reduced environmental impact is presented. Comments about raw earth as building material are made. New possibilities to give stability to this material against water action is discussed. Finally, it shows some contemporary constructions made with earth in Brazil.
Hydrodynamic Analysis of Fluid Effect in Rigid Rectangular Tank due to Harmonic Motion
Authors: Kotrasova Kamila , Kormaníková Eva
Published: December 2014

Ground-supported tanks are used to store a variety of liquids. This paper deals possibility numerical modelling reciprocal interaction moving container with fluid in under consideration horizontal harmonic motion reservoirs. It clarify watched phenomenon, illustrate pressure process at a walls of container, from witch it results action of force at a container. The numerical problem analysis is comparing with realised experiment, where steady state motion of fluid was watched and his maximum wave of fluid on the walls of reservoirs.
The Methodology for Determining the Springback of Large Metal Stampings
Authors: Pačák Tomáš , Kubelka Martin , Tatíček František , Pilvousek Tomáš
Published: December 2014

In the stamping operation, springback causes geometrical inaccuracies and defects in final shape of metal stampings. This defect is actual problem in stamping production. Nowadays the detailed description of the springback is not clarified well regarding production of more complicated shape. To eliminate springback problem in stamping production there are methods, discovered and approved by advanced procedures. However applying these methods, particularly in drawing operations is much more complicated. The research describes theoretical analysis of springback phenomenon and possible experiments for the springback compensation. The research also describes analysis of springback using software for numerical simulation AutoFormplus R5 which is currently used to design the process of stamping production in company ŠKODA AUTO.
Steel KODUR 460MC under Creep Condition
Authors: Mihaliková Mária , Čižmárová Elena
Published: December 2014

This paper analyses a failure of the micro alloyed steel (Re= 500MPa) at a temperature range 400 - 500 oC in the tensile test conditions and in the creep conditions. The failure character in condition tensile test was changeless and the fraction was transcrystalline ductile. The structure near a fraction showed a considerable deformation texture (reduction of area = 76%). The contraction and the fraction stress considerable was decreased by the increase of the time up to the fraction and the by the increase of temperature in the creep conditions. There were formed secondary intercrystalline cracks except the central crack in the area fraction. Intercrystalline cracks were started step by step to be connected each other. The fraction was started to obtain a mixed status alike and the intercrystalline (creep) fraction part was started to increase.
The Influence of Severe Plastic Deformation on Structure and Mechanical Properties the Aluminium Alloy EN AW 6082
Authors: Lacková Petra , Milkovič Ondrej , Buršák Marián , Kvačkaj Tibor
Published: December 2014

The effect of severe plastic deformation by ECAP process on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the aluminium alloy EN AW 6082 produced by cold extrusion is investigated. In both states were evaluated the structural changes by light microscopy, the analysis particles in structures, by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in transmission mode by synchrotron radiation and mechanical properties. Severe plastic deformation leads to strengthening of investigated EN AW 6082 alloy but on the other hand the plasticity of ECAP-ed alloy decreases.
Corrosion Behaviour of Automotive Steel Sheets Depending on the Degree of Deformation
Authors: Brezinová Janette , Koncz Juraj , Tomáš Miroslav , Slota Ján
Published: December 2014

This paper presents the results of research aimed to measuring the corrosion properties of automotive steel sheets. The degree of deformation influence to the corrosion properties of the steel sheet for car body parts has been proven by the modern methods of corrosion monitoring such as Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Corrosion rate was assessed using electrochemical methods in 0.1 M solution of NaCl. Experimental studies have pointed out if degree of deformation increases the corrosion rate of the steel sheet increases as well.
Usability of Various LTCC in Microstrip Filters Construction
Authors: Pietriková Alena , Ruman Kornel , Rovenský Tibor , Lukacs Peter
Published: December 2014

Multilayer packages represent a traditional application of Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics (LTCC) in electronics. Nowadays, the use of the LTCC is becoming very popular in construction of microstrip filters applied in GHz (HF) range. Research and development on the LTCC microstrip filters performed at Technical University of Kosice has revealed yet unexplored possibility of using various LTCC up to 13 GHz and in this way a possibility of microelectronic structure production applied in the communication application. In this study, we will find out a method of shrinkage instability elimination as well as a correlation between shrinkage and mechanical properties. Dimensional accuracy and flatness of the ceramic substrate is the most important factor in the development of the microstrip filters applied in the HF area. The paper reviews LTCC processes from this point of view and shows that the main aspect of LTCC technology is targeting a more precise manufacturing tolerance control in which electrical performance (scattering parameters) is sensitive to the HF area such as realization of fine line microstrip structure.
Facesheet-Core Interface Delamination in Sandwich Panels
Authors: Kormaníková Eva , Kotrasova Kamila
Published: December 2014

The main objective of the present paper is the characterization of the mixed-mode delamination in sandwich plates. To this purpose a mixed-mode delamination failure model is proposed. Then, the failure model is implemented in ANSYS code to calculate the damage propagation parameters. The analysis is based on the Finite Element Method and interface techniques. Within the interface finite element modeling there are calculated the individual components of spring reaction force, relative displacement and energy rate release along the lamination front.
Possibilities of Preparing Tools Working in Conditions of Abrasion Wear with the Modification of the Tool Surfaces by Nitridation
Authors: Orečný Martin , Lacková Petra , Buršák Marián
Published: December 2014

The proposed paper deals about the heat treatment of two types of chromium tool steels that are assigned to work in specific conditions of abrasion wear. The materials are heat treated to achieve high hardness for higher abrasion wear resistance. An additional increase of the materials abrasion wear resistance can be achieved by applying nitridation with diffusion annealing of the material surface. The paper deals about the influence of the material purity, his chemical composition on the process of diffusion, the quality of the nitrided layer of a vacuum smelted steel Bӧhler W400 VMR and a chromium steel X210Cr12.
Pincer nail deformity in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Fujita Youshi , Fujita Takehisa
Published: December 2014

Although several manifestations of skin involvement in cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been reported, the pincer nail deformity has not been previously reported in a patient with ALS. The pincer nail deformity is characterized by distortion of the shape of the nail with transverse over curvature and may be associated with systemic diseases and certain medications. We herein describe the case of a patient presenting with a pincer nail deformity associated with rapidly advancing ALS. This case suggests a potential link between quickly advancing disease and the pincer nail deformity.
Post Intubation Tracheal Stenosis in Children
Authors: Caruselli Marco , Amici Mirco , Galante Dario , Paut Olivier , De Francisci Giovanni , Carboni Laura
Published: December 2014

Many authors have reported that tracheal stenosis is a complication that can follow tracheal intubation in both adults and children. The symptoms, when they do appear, can be confused with asthma, with subsequent treatment providing only mild and inconsistent relief. We report here the case of an 8 year old girl admitted to our hospital for whooping cough that was not responding to therapy.