bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kesalahan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa berdasarkan prosedur newman pada materi sistem persamaan linear dua variabel
Authors: Pratami Salma Rofifah , Sundayana Rostina , Sofyan Deddy
Published: September 2023

Good problem-solving skills also affect learning outcomes in mathematics for the better and is also a general goal of learning mathematics, because problem-solving abilities can help in dealing with problems both in different subjects and in everyday life. The purpose of this study was to find out how students' errors in solving problems on the material of a two-variable system of linear equations based on the Newman procedure. The research method used in this study is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques in this study were tests, interviews, and field notes. The results of this study indicate that there are no students who on all indicators do not have errors, and in solving problems on the material of the two-variable linear equation system (SPLDV) students make various errors, where errors when reading and understanding are included in the category of very small errors, errors at the transformation stage are categorized as small errors, while errors during procedural skills and errors at the time of writing the final answer are included in the high category errors. These errors generally occur due to student negligence and lack of knowledge of students in solving SPLDV questions.Kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang baik juga mempengaruhi hasil belajar matematika menjadi lebih baik dan juga merupakan tujuan umum dari pembelajaran matematika, karena kemampuan pemecahan masalah dapat membantu dalam menangani masalah baik dalam mata pelajaran yang berbeda maupun dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal pada materi sistem persamaan linear dua variabel berdasarkan prosedur Newman. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah tes, wawancara, dan catatan lapangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat siswa yang pada semua indikator tidak memiliki kesalahan, dan dalam menyelesaikan soal pada materi sistem persamaan linear dua variabel (SPLDV) siswa melakukan kesalahan yang beragam, dimana kesalahan pada saat membaca dan memahami termasuk kedalam kesalahan berkategori sangat kecil, kesalahan pada tahap transformasi termasuk ke dalam kesalahan berkategori kecil, sedangkan kesalahan pada saat keterampilan prosedur dan kesalahan pada saat penulisan jawaban akhir termasuk kedalam kesalahan berkategori tinggi. Kesalahan- kesalahan tersebut pada umumnya terjadi karena keteledoran siswa dan kurangnya pengetahuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal SPLDV.
Miskonsepsi siswa smp pada materi perbandingan dengan menggunakan four tier diagnostic test
Authors: Al-Qonuni Sama , Afriansyah Ekasatya Aldila
Published: September 2023

One obstacle that occurs in the learning of junior high school students in solving complex and abstract problems is characterized by a misunderstanding of concepts (misconceptions). One effort to find out the misconception is to use the Four Tier Diagnostic Test (FTD Test). While the material used in this study is a comparison material that is synonymous with the concept of a comparison. This study aims to determine the type of misconception and causes of misconceptions experienced by students on comparison material using FTD Test. This type of research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The subjects in this study were 5 Class VIII-D students of SMPN 1 Tarogong Kaler as many as 5 people were chosen using the Purposive Sampling method. The instruments used in this study were FTD Test sheets, interview guidelines, and observation sheets. Data were analyzed using data reduction techniques, data presentation, and data verification1/drawing conclusions. The results of this study students experience classification misconceptions, correlational misconceptions, and theoretical misconceptions. The cause of misconceptions in students is from their own students who do not understand the comparison material, the teacher's habit of giving routine practice questions, and is also influenced by learning online. Salah satu hambatan yang terjadi pada pembelajaran siswa SMP dalam memecahkan permasalahan yang kompleks dan abstrak ditandai dengan adanya kesalahpahaman konsep (miskonsepsi). Salah satu upaya untuk mengetahui adanya miskonsepsi adalah dengan menggunakan Four Tier Diagnostic Test (FTD Test). Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah materi perbandingan yang identik dengan konsep perbadingan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis miskonsepsi dan penyebab miskonsepsi yang dialami oleh siswa dengan menggunakan FTD Test. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriftif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII-D SMPN 1 Tarogong Kaler sebanyak 5 orang yang dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Instrumen yang adalah lembar FTD Test, lembar pedoman wawancara, dan lembar observasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data/penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini siswa mengalami miskonsepsi klasifikasional, miskonsepsi korelasional, dan miskonsepsi teoritikal. Penyebab terjadinya miskonsepsi kurangnya memahami materi perbandingan, kebiasaan guru memberi soal latihan rutin, dan juga dipengaruhi oleh pembelajaran yang dilakukan secara daring.
Treatment Of Subclinical Epileptic Discharges Affects Cognitive Functions In Epileptic Patients.
Authors: Mohammed Shaymaa J. , Al-Madfai Zaid , Al-Owath Mazin M. H.
Published: September 2023

Background: EEG recording showed a definite relationship between epileptiform EEG discharges and cognitive impairments (transient cognitive impairment “TCI”), since interictal spikes, which correspond to a large intracellular depolarization with evoked action potentials, in many ways mimic a “miniseizure.” Interictal spikes can result in transitory cognitive impairment with the type of deficit dependent on where in the cortex the spike arises. The interictal spikes, particularly if frequent and widespread, can impair cognitive abilities, through interference with waking learning and memory, and memory consolidation during sleep.Objectives: the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of subclinical epileptic discharges on cognitive function in patients with epilepsy.Patients & Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in Basra teaching hospital in the period from December 2009 to February 2011 in order to evaluate the effect of epileptic discharge on cognitive function. EEG exam and cognitive function test (P300) was done for each patient four times at three months interval period, and one time for control group. Two hundred twenty four (224) patients included in this study with age range from (12-40) years. the EEG obtained after 30 mints of recording was categorized in to three groups frequent, infrequent and normal EEG record.Results: we found that patients with frequent IEDs have high mean P300 latency when compared to patients with infrequent and normal EEG exam, also the mean p300 latency significantly reduced (more improvement in cognitive function) after treatment with AEDs.Conclusion: Treatment of patients with frequent epileptic discharge improve cognitive function in patients with epilepsy, and reduction of IEDs greatly improve cognitive abilities in epileptics.
Detection of Human papillomavirus in surface epithelial ovarian carcinoma using in situ hybridization technique
Authors: Alizi Sana'a M. H. , Mukhlis Faiza A. , Abdul-Majeed Ban A.
Published: September 2023

Background: The role of Human papillomaviruses (HPV) in the etiology of ovarian cancer remains unclear and the results are controversial. Several studies have verified the presence of HPV DNA in both malignant and benign ovarian tumors.Objectives: Determine the percentage of detection of HPV high (16&18) and low risk types (6&11) in surface epithelial ovarian carcinoma compared to benign and control groups.Materials And Methods: Molecular detection and genotyping of HPV DNA were performed in 76 ovarian tissue blocks by using in situ hybridization (ISH) technique for detecting and localization of high risk HPV (16 and 18) and low risk HPV (6&11) types.Results: The presence of ISH signals for HPV DNA in benign group (71%) was higher than that found in malignant group (64%). HPV 16 was the most predominant type followed by HPV18, 6, and 11 respectively in both malignant and benign groups. High risk HPV were presented with low score and high intensity in both malignant and benign tumors. Low risk HPV types were detected in high score and intensity in benign tumors which significantly differed from that with malignant tumors, which revealed low score and low intensity. The percentage of co-infection of low risk HPV6&11 in benign group was higher (16.9%) than malignant group (7.1%). Only significant difference was found in combination of both high and low risk HPV types.Conclusions: This finding reflects a possible role of HPV virus in the carcinogenesis of ovarian tumors. HPV infection may play a relative role in the pathogenesis of ovarian carcinomas or it could facilitate its progression.
On the Study of Semilinear Fractional Differential Equations Involving Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo Derivative
Authors: ZERBİB Samira , HİLAL Khalid , KAJOUNI Ahmed
Published: September 2023

This work aims to study the existing results of mild solutions for a semi-linear Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo fractional differential equation with order $ 0 < \theta < 1 $ in an arbitrary Banach space. We rely on some arguments to present the mild solution to our problem in terms of an $ \theta $-resolvent family. Then we study the existence of this mild solution by using Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem. Finally, we give an example to prove our results.
The gravity waves from the binary galaxies - the new deal of the James Webb Space Telescope
Authors: Pardy Miroslav
Published: September 2023

The energy spectrum of gravitons emitted by the black hole binary as a gravity waves is calculated in the first part of the article. Then, the total quantum loss of energy, is calculated in the Schwinger theory of gravity. Using analogy with the binary stars, we calculate the graviton spectrum of the binary galaxies discovered by the JWST of NASA.
Level Of Physical Freshness Of Class VII1 Students Of SMP Negeri 48 Pekanbaru
Authors: Komarudin Alim , Yulianti Mimi
Published: September 2023

This research aims to determine the level of physical freshness of class VII1 students at SMP Negeri 48 Pekanbaru. The type of this research is descriptive, descriptive research is a research method that seeks to describe the object or subject under research by what it is to systematically describe the facts and characteristics of the object being studied accurately. The population and sample in this research used a purposive sampling technique. The subjects of the sample are 17 male students of class VII1 at SMP Negeri 48 Pekanbaru. The research instrument used is the TKJI test aged 13-15 years. The data analysis technique used is to calculate the categories of physical freshness values obtained by students. Based on the results of calculating the average physical freshness it is known that the physical freshness of class VII1 male students of SMP Negeri 48 Pekanbaru is classified in the Moderate category with an average of 15.65 which lies in the interval of the TKJI value category 14-17. This means that the effectiveness of physical freshness of class VII1 students of SMP Negeri 48 Pekanbaru actually can still be improved by adding exercises and making more complete facilities so that the level of physical freshness of these students can be better and more efficient in learning.
The Lack of Short-term Financial Products in Hong Kong: An Empirical Analysis of Questionnaire
Authors: Liu Xijin
Published: September 2023

In Hong Kong, which is rich in financial products, short-term financial products are rare, so there are many reasons behind it that are worth exploring and verifying. The objective of this study is to examine and validate the factors contributing to this phenomenon and to make recommendations for the future of short-term financial products in Hong Kong. This study sorted out the existing opinions and completed the questionnaire by sorting out the literature, and then empirically analyzed the reasons for the lack of short-term financial products in Hong Kong by using quantitative analysis methods. The results of the study revealed that, from the perspective of investors, Hong Kong's high salary, complex operation of short-term financial products, low security of short-term financial products, high risk, and difficult to match energy costs are all important reasons for investors to choose less short-term financial products. At the same time, the low interest rate environment of Hong Kong has led investors to save less and focus more on other high-yielding financial products.
The Impact of Online Public Opinion Dissemination on the “Wraparound Involvement” of College Students' Academic Qualifications: A Comparative Study of Shandong X University and Henan Y University as an Example
Authors: Feng Li , Wang Shaoju , Ren Zhichao
Published: September 2023

The 21st century is the information age. The rapid development of new media has brought about sweeping changes to society, and while helping to improve the quality of higher education, a phenomenon of “hostage-type involution” of college students' academic qualifications has also emerged. This paper adopts the research methods of literature analysis and case study analysis and selects Shandong X University and Henan Y University as examples for comparative analysis under the “college entrance examination province”. The evolution of the above phenomenon has reached a white-hot stage, invariably affecting the physical and mental health development of college students and, at the same time, arousing the great concern of the school, society and the state, which needs to deeply explore the reasons for the formation of hostage-type involution of the network public opinion dissemination to the college students' blind pursuit of academic qualifications. Finally, we propose effective strategies and suggestions for universities and social media to manage the construction of online public opinion and to help students establish a correct view of pursuing academic qualifications according to various reasons.
Spiritualisme Dalam Rehabilitasi Pengguna Narkoba Pada Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya
Authors:   Universitas Padjajaran, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, Taftazani Budi Muhammad , Apsari Nurliana Cipta , Santoso Meilanny Budiarti
Published: September 2023

Berbagai lembaga yang menyelenggarakan rehabilitasi bagi penyalahguna narkoba telah berkembang, salah satunya diselenggarakan oleh Yayasan Serba Bakti Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya yang menerapkan pendekatan spiritualisme Islam untuk mengubah kebiasaan menggunakan narkoba menjadi kebiasaan melaksanakan ritual keagamaan sehingga tertanam sikap dan perilaku yang yang baik atau ahlakul karimah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan proses rehabilitasi bagi penyalahguna narkoba di Yayasan Serba Bakti Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data primer diperoleh dari informan yang terdiri dari pimpinan pondok pesantren, pimpinan yayasan, pengelola Inabah, dan anak bina sebagai penerima manfaat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proses rehabilitasi yang diselenggarakan oleh Yayasan Serba Bakti Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya menggunakan aktivitas beribadah keagamaan sebagai kegiatan yang mengalihkan perhatian dan tenaga penyalahguna dari keinginan untuk menggunakan narkoba. Dari tujuan dan proses rehabilitasi, pendekatan spiritualisme yang dijalankan lembaga memungkinkan terjadinya perubahan perilaku melalui aktivitas ritual yang dapat mengembangkan dan memperkuat aspek spiritual anak bina. Namun demikian, masih dibutuhkan proses tindak lanjut untukpenguatan agar anak bina tidak lagi tergoda dengan kebiasaan lamanya yang buruk. Kajian kritis yang bersifat evaluatif diperlukan pada layanan berbasis faith based untuk memperkuat pengaruh dan posisi dari pendekatan ini di arena praktik pekerjaan sosial
Penguatan Kapasitas bagi UMKM di Rukun Warga 07, Kelurahan Ciateul, Kecamatan Regol, Kota Bandung
Authors:   Program Pascasarjana Kesejahteraan Sosial, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, Pratama Yudhistira Anugerah , Gutama Arie Surya , Fedryansyah Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Penguatan kapasitas merupakan rangkaian kegiatan bagi kelompok dengan pendampingan rutin, agarkelompok tersebut dapat berkembang menjadi kelembagaan yang aktif, partisifatif, serta berfungsi sesuai dengan peranannya di masyarakat. Penguatan kapasitas yang dikaji dalam artikel ini adalah penguatan kapasitas UMKM di Rukun Warga 07, Kelurahan Ciateul, Kecamatan Regol, Kota Bandung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan serta menganalisis penguatan kapasitas UMKM di RW 07 yang terdiri dari empat dimensi, yakni peran pemimpin lokal, pengembangan komunitas lokal, komunikasi vertikal dan horizontal, serta dukungan pihak luar. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan dimensi penguatan kapasitas UMKM di RW 07 sudah terimplementasi dengan baik, namun belum mencapai hasil maksimal. Tidak maksimalnya proses penguatan kapasitas tersebut terlihat dari belum adanya proses pengembangan komunitaslokal di RW 07. Hal tersebut berimplikasi terhadap terhambatnya pencapaian tujuan dari penguatan kapasitas UMKM di RW 07. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, peneliti memberikan saran bagi penguatan kapasitas UMKM diRW 07, diantaranya pemimpin lokal di RW 07 perlu menjaga dan meningkatkan perannya, komunitas lokal perlu dikembangkan, komunikasi vertikal dan horizontal perlu dijaga dan ditingkatkan, serta dukungan pihak luar perlu dimanfaatkan seoptimal mungkin. Selain itu, peneliti juga memberikan saran berupa pemberian pelatihan bagi UMKM di RW 07 agar proses penguatan kapasitas dapat dilaksanakan dan memberikan manfaat secara berkelanjutan.
RESENHA DO LIVRO “EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR NO ENSINO MÉDIO: A PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA EM EVIDÊNCIA”
Authors: Queiroz Diego Faria de
Published: September 2023

A obra intitulada “Educação Física Escolar no Ensino Médio: a prática pedagógica em evidência”, publicada em 2018, pela Editora CRV, foi organizada pelos/a professores/a Daniel Teixeira Maldonado, Valdilene Aline Nogueira e Uirá de Siqueira Farias, que, juntamente com outros/as pesquisadores/as deste ciclo de escolarização, compartilham seus conhecimentos e suas experiências exitosas desenvolvidas em diferentes redes de ensino.
Efectos de la modificación de textura en la dieta sobre la saciedad temprana, la percepción de la capacidad saciante y la ingesta energética en pacientes con Enfermedad renal crónica en terapia sustitutiva de un Hospital General de Puebla, México.
Authors: Morales Koelliker Diana
Published: September 2023

Introducción: la Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) se caracteriza por una función renal disminuida (50-70%), provocando alteraciones en la eliminación de sustancias del catabolismo proteico como la creatinina y la urea, y alteraciones en el metabolismo de macronutrimentos y micronutrimentos por lo que la terapia sustitutiva de la función renal (diálisis peritoneal, hemodiálisis o trasplante renal) es necesaria. Derivado del estado catabólico por el incremento en el gasto energético diario, los pacientes con ERC se encuentran en un estado nutricional deficiente. Las hormonas reguladoras del apetito, principalmente la leptina y la grelina, generan un efecto inhibidor del apetito limitando así el consumo calórico diario. Esta condición metabólica en conjunción al permanente catabolismo sitúa a los pacientes en una situación vulnerable a la aparición de complicaciones y el consecuente deterioro de la calidad de vida. Una dieta modificada en textura puede ayudar a los pacientes a incrementar el consumo energético y proteínico para, eventualmente, mejorar su estado nutricional. Objetivo: determinar el efecto de la textura de la dieta sobre la saciedad temprana, consumo energético y percepción de la capacidad saciante en pacientes con ERC en terapia sustitutiva. Método: Estudio analítico, longitudinal, prospectivo y cuasiexperimental. Se incluyeron a pacientes voluntarios con ERC en diálisis peritoneal continua ambulatoria. En el estudio participaron 14 sujetos pacientes de ambos sexos con una medida de 44±15.8 años. Resultados: se observó que el consumo energético, de carbohidratos, lípidos y proteínas durante el desayuno se incrementó cuando se ofreció la dieta modificada en textura (puré) (p<0.05), los pacientes reportaron menor percepción de la capacidad saciante y menor saciedad postprandial en este tipo de dieta. Conclusión: La dieta modificada en textura es una alternativa asequible que permite el consumo energético y nutrimental óptimo para el paciente con ERC evitando las barreras de la falta de apetito y saciedad temprana.
 
Fechas de recepción: 08/03/23
Aceptación de originales: 15/08/23
A REVIEW ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES IN PREVENTING CYBER THREATS
Authors:   London Metropolitan University,, Krishnappa Triveni
Published: September 2023

Artificial intelligence advancements in the present day are proving to be the most effective method for preventing cyberattacks. Artificial intelligence (AI) is being used by experts as a protection against cyberattacks. This technology is being used by security analysts to spot abnormalities, which reduces time and reduces total company expenditures. With the proliferation of IoT and linked devices in today's digital world, cyber security professionals are constantly confronted with new difficulties. The expert needs all available tools to stop attacks, discover security problems, and respond to attacks. The greater standard of technology in today's environment is strongly correlated with the rise in cybersecurity risks. The digitalization of organizations makes it essential to focus on cybersecurity issues and ways to make them better. Using artificial intelligence in cybersecurity is essential to improve data protection because traditional computer algorithms may occasionally be inadequate to manage all cyber threats. A descriptiveanalytical approach from previous research on the application of AI in cybersecurity is used. This paper aims to emphasise artificial intelligence and the concepts of cybersecurity that can be developed to improve the security of the data. Methods based on artificial intelligence can enhance the overall security operation of traditional security systems and give higher security against an increasing array of complicated cyber threats, when traditional security technologies may be incompetent or ineffective. In this study, we look at how human reasoning and artificial intelligence (AI) can be leveraged to improve cyber security. This study's primary goal is to showcase current developments in the use of AI approaches to defend against cyberattacks.
Immune-epigenetic crosstalk in haematological malignancies
Authors: Wong Hera , Sugimura Ryohichi
Published: September 2023

Haematological malignancies comprise a diverse set of lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms which can arise during any stage of haematopoiesis in the bone marrow. Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic inflammation generated by inflammatory cytokines secreted by tumour and the tumour-associated cells within the bone marrow microenvironment initiates signalling pathways in malignant cells, resulting in activation of master transcription factors including Smads, STAT3, and NF-κB which confer cancer stem cell phenotypes and drive disease progression. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms for how immune cells interact with malignant cells to induce such epigenetic modifications, specifically DNA methylation, histone modification, expression of miRNAs and lnRNAs to perturbate haematopoiesis could provide new avenues for developing novel targeted therapies for haematological malignancies. Here, the complex positive and negative feedback loops involved in inflammatory cytokine-induced cancer stem cell generation and drug resistance are reviewed to highlight the clinical importance of immune-epigenetic crosstalk in haematological malignancies.
Statin therapy in multimorbid older patients with polypharmacy- a cross-sectional analysis of the Swiss OPERAM trial population
Authors: Adam Luise , Baretella Oliver , Feller Martin , Blum Manuel Raphael , Papazoglou Dimitrios David , Boland Benoit , Aujesky Drahomir , Baggio Stéphanie , Rodondi Nicolas
Published: September 2023

Background

Statin therapy in multimorbid older individuals with polypharmacy is controversial, particularly in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Thereby, physicians must weigh potential benefits against potential side effects, drug-drug interactions, and limited life expectancy.

Aim

To assess the prevalence and determinants of potentially inappropriate statin therapy in multimorbid older patients.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of patients aged ≥70 years with multimorbidity and polypharmacy in the Swiss study center of OPERAM, a cluster-randomized trial on pharmacotherapy optimization to reduce drug-related hospital admissions. We assessed potential underuse (no statin but formal indication) and potential overuse (statin but no formal indication, including predicted >60% one-year mortality based on the Walter Score) based on current guidelines for patients in secondary and primary cardiovascular prevention. We assessed the association of potential statin overuse and underuse with six patient characteristics (age, gender, number of diagnoses, number of medications, mental impairment, being housebound) in LASSO-selection analyses.

Results

Of 715 multimorbid older adults (79.7 ± 6.5 years, 39.9% women), 337 (47%) were on statin. Statin therapy was appropriate in 474 (66.3%), underused in 130 (18.2%), and overused in 111 (15.5%) patients. In participants in secondary cardiovascular prevention (n = 437), being female (odds ratio [OR] 2.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.67–4.22) was significantly associated with potential underuse while being housebound (OR 3.53, 95%CI 1.32–9.46) and taking ≥10 medications (OR 1.95,95%CI 1.05–3.67) were associated with potential overuse. In participants in primary cardiovascular prevention (n = 278), 28.1% were potentially under- (9%) or overusing (19%) a statin, with no identified risk factor.

Conclusion

A third of hospitalized multimorbid older patients with polypharmacy potentially (either) overused or underused statin therapy. Among patients in secondary cardiovascular prevention, women were at risk for potential statin underuse. Housebound patients and those taking ≥10 medications were at risk for potential overuse of a statin. Physicians should carefully evaluate the indication for statin prescription in multimorbid older patients with polypharmacy.
The association between umbilical cord blood fat-soluble vitamin concentrations and infant birth weight
Authors: Yang Guicun , wang Nianrong , Liu Hao , Si Lina , Zhao Yan
Published: September 2023

Background

Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D and E, play an important role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, and may affect infant birth weight. Evidence on the association of birthweight with fat-soluble vitamins is controversial. Therefore, this study aims is to determine the associations of birthweight with vitamin A, D, and E concentrations in cord blood.

Methods

A total of 199 mother–infant pairs were enrolled in the study. According to gestational age and birth weight, the mother–infant pairs were divided into small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and large for gestational age (LGA). The Vitamin A, D, and E concentrations in serum were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry.

Results

The concentrations of vitamin A in the SGA group were significantly lower than those in the AGA and LGA groups. The concentrations of vitamin E in the SGA group were significantly higher than those in the AGA and LGA groups. However, no significant differences were observed in vitamin D among the three groups. Being male (β = 0.317, p < 0.001) and birth weight (β = 0.229, p = 0.014) were positively correlated with the levels of vitamin A. Birth weight (β = -0.213, p= 0.026) was correlated with lower levels of vitamin E. No correlation was found between influencing Factors and the levels of vitamin D (p> 0.05). After adjusting for gestational age, sex, mother’s age, delivery mode, pre-pregnancy BMI, and weight gain during pregnancy, the levels of cord blood vitamin A were positively correlated with birth weight (p=0.012).

Conclusion

The infant’s birth weight is associated with the levels of cord blood vitamins A and E. The dysregulation of vitamins A and E in infants may be a risk factor for fetal growth and future metabolic diseases.
Potential drug targets for asthma identified in the plasma and brain through Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Wang Yuting , Wang Jiaxi , Yan Zhanfeng , Liu Siming , Xu Wenlong
Published: September 2023

Background

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, and the involvement of neurogenic inflammation is crucial in its development. The standardized treatments focus on alleviating symptoms. Despite the availability of medications for asthma, they have proven to be inadequate in controlling relapses and halting the progression of the disease. Therefore, there is a need for novel drug targets to prevent asthma.

Methods

We utilized Mendelian randomization to investigate potential drug targets for asthma. We analyzed summary statistics from the UK Biobank and then replicated our findings in GWAS data by Demenais et al. and the FinnGen cohort. We obtained genetic instruments for 734 plasma and 73 brain proteins from recently reported GWAS. Next, we utilized reverse causal relationship analysis, Bayesian co-localization, and phenotype scanning as part of our sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, we performed a comparison and protein–protein interaction analysis to identify causal proteins. We also analyzed the possible consequences of our discoveries by the given existing asthma drugs and their targets.

Results

Using Mendelian randomization analysis, we identified five protein–asthma pairs that were significant at the Bonferroni level (P < 6.35 × 10−5). Specifically, in plasma, we found that an increase of one standard deviation in IL1R1 and ECM1 was associated with an increased risk of asthma, while an increase in ADAM19 was found to be protective. The corresponding odds ratios were 1.03 (95% CI, 1.02–1.04), 1.00 (95% CI, 1.00–1.01), and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98–0.99), respectively. In the brain, per 10-fold increase in ECM1 (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03–1.08) and PDLIM4 (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04–1.07) increased the risk of asthma. Bayesian co-localization found that ECM1 in the plasma (coloc.abf-PPH4 = 0.965) and in the brain (coloc.abf-PPH4 = 0.931) shared the same mutation with asthma. The target proteins of current asthma medications were found to interact with IL1R1. IL1R1 and PDLIM4 were validated in two replication cohorts.

Conclusion

Our integrative analysis revealed that asthma risk is causally affected by the levels of IL1R1, ECM1, and PDLIM4. The results suggest that these three proteins have the potential to be used as drug targets for asthma, and further investigation through clinical trials is needed.
Population structure and genetic diversity of Streptococcus suis isolates obtained from the United States
Authors: Nicholson Tracy L. , Kalalah Anwar A. , Eppinger Mark
Published: September 2023

Diseases caused by the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis are an extensive economic problem as well as an animal welfare concern for the global swine industry. Previous studies have evaluated the genomic diversity and population structure of S. suis isolates, however, the majority of these studies utilized isolates obtained from countries other than the U.S. This study applied whole genome sequencing and cgMLST-based typing to evaluate the population structure and genetic relatedness among S. suis isolates obtained within the U.S. The established high-resolution phylogenomic framework revealed extensive genomic variation and diversity among the sampled S. suis isolates, with isolates from the U.S. and from countries outside the U.S. found interspersed in the phylogeny. S. suis isolates obtained within the U.S. did not cluster by state or geographic location, however, isolates with similar serotypes, both obtained from within and outside the U.S., generally clustered together. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values determined for the S. suis genomes were extensively broad, approaching the recommended species demarcation value, and correlated with the phylogenetic group distribution of the cgMLST-based tree. Numerous antimicrobial resistance (AMR) elements were identified among both U.S. and non-U.S. isolates with ble, tetO, and ermB genes identified as the most prevalent. The epf, mrp, and sly genes, historically used as markers for virulence potential, were also observed in the genomes of isolates that grouped together forming a subclade of clonal complex 1 (CC1) isolates. Collectively, the data in this report provides critical information needed to address potential biosurveillance needs and insights into the genetic diversity and population structure of S. suis isolates obtained within the U.S.
Human blood-labyrinth barrier model to study the effects of cytokines and inflammation
Authors: Sekulic Marijana , Puche Raoul , Bodmer Daniel , Petkovic Vesna
Published: September 2023

Hearing loss is one of the 10 leading causes of disability worldwide. No drug therapies are currently available to protect or restore hearing. Inner ear auditory hair cells and the blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB) are critical for normal hearing, and the BLB between the systemic circulation and stria vascularis is crucial for maintaining cochlear and vestibular homeostasis. BLB defects are associated with inner ear diseases that lead to hearing loss, including vascular malformations, inflammation, and Meniere’s disease (MD). Antibodies against proteins in the inner ear and cytokines in the cochlea, including IL-1α, TNF-α, and NF-kβ, are detected in the blood of more than half of MD patients. There is also emerging evidence of inner ear inflammation in some diseases, including MD, progressive sensorineural hearing loss, otosclerosis, and sudden deafness. Here, we examined the effects of TNF-α, IL6, and LPS on human stria vascularis-derived primary endothelial cells cultured together with pericytes in a Transwell system. By measuring trans-endothelial electrical resistance, we found that TNF-α causes the most significant disruption of the endothelial barrier. IL6 had a moderate influence on the barrier, whereas LPS had a minimal impact on barrier integrity. The prominent effect of TNF-α on the barrier was confirmed in the expression of the major junctional genes responsible for forming the tight endothelial monolayer, the decreased expression of ZO1 and OCL. We further tested permeability using 2 μg of daptomycin (1,619 Da), which does not pass the BLB under normal conditions, by measuring its passage through the barrier by HPLC. Treatment with TNF-α resulted in higher permeability in treated samples compared to controls. LPS-treated cells behaved similarly to the untreated cells and did not show differences in permeability compared to control. The endothelial damage caused by TNF-α was confirmed by decreased expression of an essential endothelial proteoglycan, syndecan1. These results allowed us to create an inflammatory environment model that increased BLB permeability in culture and mimicked an inflammatory state within the stria vascularis.
Possible mechanisms of treatment for spinal cord injury repair with tanshinone IIA
Authors: Jia Zhiwei , Wen Tianlin , Zhang Yuning
Published: September 2023

Tanshinone IIA serves as a coenzyme for certain biochemical reactions, exhibiting various pharmacological effects in the treatment of neurological diseases including spinal cord injury (SCI), however, its working mechanism in the treatment of SCI is not clear. Based on previous research, we believe that tanshinone IIA promotes the survival and repair of nerves after spinal cord injury through its pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and prevention of cellular apoptosis in the spinal cord.
Vitamin D, vitamin D supplementation and atrial fibrillation risk in the general population: updated systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Ding Xiaoli , Lai Jiying , Zhang Hehui , Guo Zongwen
Published: September 2023

Background

Since the association of vitamin D with atrial fibrillation (AF) risk is still unclear, we conducted this updated meta-analysis of prospective studies to identify the relationship between vitamin D or vitamin D supplementation and AF in the general population.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of multiple databases up to May 2023 for studies reporting vitamin D and AF. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled by a random-effects model.

Results

A total of seven studies were included in this meta-analysis. Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) was associated with increased AF incidence (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.005–1.25). The HR was not significant with vitamin D insufficiency (20–30 ng/ml; HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.98–1.21). Each 10 ng/ml increase in serum vitamin D was associated with a significantly decreased AF incidence (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93–0.97). Two studies reported the effect of vitamin D supplements on AF incidence but reached inconsistent results.

Conclusions

Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency was associated with an increased risk of AF in the general population. The role of vitamin D supplementation in AF prevention needs further investigation.
Expert opinions on informational and supportive needs and sources of obtaining information in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a Delphi consensus study
Authors: Norouzkhani Narges , Bahari Ali , Shirvani Javad Shokri , Faramarzi Mahbobeh , Eslami Saeid , Tabesh Hamed
Published: September 2023

Background

The present study introduces informational and supportive needs and sources of obtaining information in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through a three-round Expert Delphi Consensus Opinions method.

Methods

According to our previous scoping review, important items in the area of informational and supportive needs and sources of obtaining information were elucidated. After omitting duplicates, 56 items in informational needs, 36 items in supportive needs, and 36 items in sources of obtaining information were retrieved. Both open- and close-ended questions were designed for each category in the form of three questionnaires. The questionnaires were sent to selected experts from different specialties. Experts responded to the questions in the first round. Based on the feedback, questions were modified and sent back to the experts in the second round. This procedure was repeated up to the third round.

Results

In the first round, five items from informational needs, one item from supportive needs, and seven items from sources of obtaining information were identified as unimportant and omitted. Moreover, two extra items were proposed by the experts, which were added to the informational needs category. In the second round, seven, three, and seven items from informational needs, supportive needs, and sources of obtaining information were omitted due to the items being unimportant. In the third round, all the included items gained scores equal to or greater than the average and were identified as important. Kendall coordination coefficient W was calculated to be 0.344 for information needs, 0.330 for supportive needs, and 0.325 for sources of obtaining information, indicating a fair level of agreement between experts.

Conclusions

Out of 128 items in the first round, the omission of 30 items and the addition of two items generated a 100-item questionnaire for three sections of informational needs, supportive needs, and sources of obtaining information with a high level of convergence between experts' viewpoints.
Five ways to wellbeing at the zoo: improving human health and connection to nature
Authors: Rose Paul , Riley Lisa
Published: September 2023

Good mental and physical health go hand-in-hand when identifying factors that lead people to experience a better overall quality of life. A growing disconnect to the natural world is worsening the mental health of individuals in many societies. Numerous scientific publications have evidenced that being in nature and access to green and blue spaces positively impact upon humans’ physical and mental health. For many people, particularly those living in more urbanized areas, managed natural spaces and borrowed landscapes, such as those found in public parks, wildlife reserves and zoological gardens give the only opportunities for wider engagement with nature. Many zoos are designated green spaces and therefore human visitors can engage with native fauna and flora as well as exotic wild animals. This article reviews the UK Government’s “The Five Ways to Wellbeing” concept, applied to zoos and aquariums and thus suggests how zoos and aquariums can use this framework to promote positive nature-connectivity experiences for their visitors and promote good wellbeing. The Five Ways to Wellbeing are Connect, Be active, Take notice, Keep learning, and Give. We illustrate how zoos and aquariums could model their approaches to educational and engagement roles, as well as design initiatives to reach out to local communities via the Five Ways to Wellbeing concept. We show that many of the positive programs and works conducted by zoos and aquariums lend themselves to further engagement with the Five Ways to Wellbeing structure. By taking such a structured approach in the design, implementation and evaluation of their activities, zoos can expand their abilities in connecting humans with nature and further add value to their living collections of animals and plants. By including Wellbeing as a defined aim of the modern zoo, it will be clear to all of those involved in their work, visitors, workers, stakeholders, that zoos are working to promote, protect and preserve positive wellbeing outputs for humans and animals alike.
Efficacy of lumbosacral and sacrococcygeal epidural ropivacaine in dogs undergoing surgery for perineal hernia
Authors: Salla Kati , Åhlberg Tuuli , Lepajoe Jaan , Kallio-Kujala Ira , Mölsä Sari , Casoni Daniela
Published: September 2023

Epidural anesthesia is commonly administered as part of balanced anesthesia for perioperative analgesia. The main goal of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the efficacy of two epidural approaches in dogs undergoing surgery for a perineal hernia. A secondary aim was to compare motor blockade. Intact ASA 1 and 2 male dogs, weighing ≤25 kg with no previous surgery for perineal hernia were enrolled. After premedication with IM acepromazine 0.02 mg/kg and butorphanol 0.3 mg/kg, general anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen. Dogs were randomly allocated to receive either a lumbosacral (LS, n = 30) or a sacrococcygeal (SC, n = 26) epidural injection with ropivacaine 1% (0.2 mL/kg) under computed tomography guidance. Successful analgesia was defined as no need of intraoperative rescue analgesia (fentanyl 3 μg/kg IV). Clinical failure was defined as the need of more than two boluses of fentanyl/h each dog received meloxicam 0.2 mg/kg IV at the end of the surgery. The Glasgow Composite Pain Scale short form (GCPS-SF), tactile sensitivity, pressure pain thresholds and motor blockade were assessed at 4, 6, 8, and 24 h after the epidural injection. Methadone (0.2 mg/kg, IV) was administered if the GCPS-SF was ≥6/24 points. Differences between groups were analyzed with the Mann–Whitney U test, Student’s t-test or Fisher’s Exact test, as appropriate. Success rate was assessed for non-inferiority between groups. The non-inferiority margin was set at −10%. Epidural analgesia was successful in 24 dogs in group LS and 17 dogs in group SC (p = 0.243), resulting in success rates of 80 and 65% in LS and SC groups, respectively. The non-inferiority of group SC versus group LS was confirmed. Clinical failure was recorded in two dogs in group LS and one dog in group SC. No significant differences between groups were detected in the GCPS-SF score, tactile sensitivity, pressure pain thresholds, need of post-operative methadone, or motor blockade. Both epidural techniques are valuable analgesic options for perineal hernia repair in dogs.
Case report: Filarial infection of a parti-coloured bat: Litomosa sp. adult worms in abdominal cavity and microfilariae in bat semen
Authors: Pikula Jiri , Piacek Vladimir , Bandouchova Hana , Bartlova Marie , Bednarikova Sarka , Burianova Romana , Danek Ondrej , Jedlicka Petr , Masova Sarka , Nemcova Monika , Seidlova Veronika , Zukalova Katerina , Zukal Jan
Published: September 2023

Background

Filarial infections have been understudied in bats. Likewise, little is known about pathogens associated with the reproductive system in chiropterans. While semen quality is critical for reproductive success, semen-borne pathogens may contribute to reproductive failure.

Methods

For the first time we performed electroejaculation and used computer-assisted semen analysis to provide baseline data on semen quality in a parti-coloured bat (Vespertilio murinus).

Results

The semen quality values measured in the V. murinus male appeared high (semen concentration = 305.4 × 106/mL; progressive and motile sperm = 46.58 and 60.27%, respectively). As an incidental finding, however, microfilariae were observed in the bat semen examined. At necropsy, eight adult filarial worms, later genetically identified as Litomosa sp., were found in the peritoneal cavity, close to the stomach, of the same particoloured bat male dying as a result of dysmicrobia and haemorrhagic gastroenteritis in a wildlife rescue centre. Histopathology revealed microfilariae in the testicular connective tissue and the epidydimal connective and fat tissues. A PCR assay targeting cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 confirmed that adult worms from the peritoneal cavity and testicular microfilariae were of the same filarial species. Mildly engorged argasid mite larvae attached to the bat skin proved negative for filarial DNA and the adult filarial worms proved negative for endosymbiont Wolbachia.

Conclusion

While the standard filarial life cycle pattern involves a vertebrate definitive host and an invertebrate vector, represented by a blood-sucking ectoparasite, our finding suggests that microfilariae of this nematode species may also be semen-borne, with transmission intensity promoted by the polygynous mating system of vespertilionid bats in which an infected male mates with many females during the autumn swarming. Presence of microfilariae may be expected to decrease semen quality and transmission via this route may challenge the success of reproductive events in females after mating. Further investigation will be necessary to better understand the bat-parasite interaction and the life cycle of this filarial worm.