bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skandinaviska Filmer i Världen
Authors: Marklund Anders
Published: February 2013

This article analyses three recent and very successful Scandinavian films - Niels Arden Oplev’s Män som hatar kvinnor/The
Girl with the Dragon Tatoo (Sweden), Susanne Bier’s Hævnen/In a
Better World (Denmark) and Sara Johnsen’s Upperdog (Norway) - in order to understand how the relationship between the national and the international is articulated. Focus is on the scenes taking place abroad and on the functions that these scenes fill within the films’ overall story and thematic concerns. One conclusion is that scenes set abroad allow the films to divert attention away from otherwise harsh representations of national communities. A brief concluding discussion suggests that such a use of the scenes may facilitate the films’ transnational distribution.
Integration of the tagging mechanism in the collaborative e-learning system
Authors: Lesovskis Andrejs , Kotovs Vladimirs , Novickis Leonids
Published: February 2013

Abstract -

The tagging mechanism is a technique that can be used to implement the personalized collaboration in the e-Learning systems, thereby increasing the efficiency of such a system. Semantic Web technologies can be used to enhance tags with machine-readable annotations to improve the accuracy of tag-based recommendation services.

The novelty of the proposed approach is the combined use of the Semantic Web technologies and the reuse-oriented model in the development of the e-Learning environment.
Hybrid Ventilation with Innovative Heat Recovery—A System Analysis
Authors: Davidsson Henrik , Bernardo Ricardo , Hellström Bengt
Published: February 2013

One of the most important factors when low energy houses are built is to have good heat recovery on the ventilation system. However, standard ventilation units use a considerable amount of electricity. This article discusses the consequences on a system level of using hybrid ventilation with heat recovery. The simulation program TRNSYS was used in order to investigate a ventilation system with heat recovery. The system also includes a ground source storage and waste water heat recovery system. The result of the analysis shows that the annual energy gain from ground source storage is limited. However, this is partly a consequence of the fact that the well functioning hybrid ventilation system leaves little room for improvements. The analysis shows that the hybrid ventilation system has potential to be an attractive solution for low energy buildings with a very low need for electrical energy.
Energies Best Paper Award 2013
Authors: Han Ophelia
Published: February 2013

To better recognize the outstanding papers in the area of energy technologies and applications published in Energies, we announce the institution of an annual award. We are therefore pleased to announce the first “Energies Best Paper Award” for 2013. Nominations were made by the Editor-in-Chief and Editorial Board members from all papers published in 2009. The awards are issued to reviews and full research articles separately. [...]
Probing a Coral Genome for Components of the Photoprotective Scytonemin Biosynthetic Pathway and the 2-Aminoethylphosphonate Pathway
Authors: Shoguchi Eiichi , Tanaka Makiko , Takeuchi Takeshi , Shinzato Chuya , Satoh Nori
Published: February 2013

Genome sequences of the reef-building coral, Acropora digitifera, have been decoded. Acropora inhabits an environment with intense ultraviolet exposure and hosts the photosynthetic endosymbiont, Symbiodinium. Acropora homologs of all four genes necessary for biosynthesis of the photoprotective cyanobacterial compound, shinorine, are present. Among metazoans, these genes are found only in anthozoans. To gain further evolutionary insights into biosynthesis of photoprotective compounds and associated coral proteins, we surveyed the Acropora genome for 18 clustered genes involved in cyanobacterial synthesis of the anti-UV compound, scytonemin, even though it had not previously been detected in corals. We identified candidates for only 6 of the 18 genes, including tyrP, scyA, and scyB. Therefore, it does not appear that Acropora digitifera can synthesize scytonemin independently. On the other hand, molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that one tyrosinase gene is an ortholog of vertebrate tyrosinase genes and that the coral homologs, scyA and scyB, are similar to bacterial metabolic genes, phosphonopyruvate (ppyr) decarboxylase and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), respectively. Further genomic searches for ppyr gene-related biosynthetic components indicate that the coral possesses a metabolic pathway similar to the bacterial 2-aminoethylphosphonate (AEP) biosynthetic pathway. The results suggest that de novo synthesis of carbon-phosphorus compounds is performed in corals.
Prediction of soil nutrient regime based on a model of DEM-generated clay content for the province of Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Zhao Zhengyong , Ashraf M. Irfan , Keys Kevin S. , Meng Fan-Rui
Published: February 2013

Zhao, Z., Ashraf, M. I., Keys, K. S. and Meng, F-R. 2013. Prediction of soil nutrient regime based on a model of DEM-generated clay content for the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 193–203. Soil nutrient regime (SNR) maps are widely required by ecological studies as well as forest growth and yield assessment. Traditionally, SNR is assessed in the field using vegetation indicators, topography and soil properties. However, field assessments are expensive, time consuming and not suitable for producing high-resolution SNR maps over a large area. The objective of this research was to develop a new model for producing high-resolution SNR maps over a large area (in this case, the province of Nova Scotia). The model used 10-m resolution clay content maps generated from digital elevation model data to capture local SNR variability (associated with topography) along with coarse-resolution soil maps to capture regional SNR variability (associated with differences in landform/parent material types). Field data from 1385 forest plots were used to calibrate the model and another 125 independent plots were used for model validation. Results showed field-identified SNRs were positively correlated with predicted clay content, with some variability associated with different landform/parent material types. Accuracy assessment showed that 63.7% of model-predicted SNRs were the same as field assessment, with 96.5% within ±1 class compared with field-identified SNRs. The predicted high-resolution SNR map was also able to capture the influence of topography on SNR which was not possible when predicting SNR from coarse-resolution soil maps alone.
Environmental Toxicant Exposure and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Guo Jianhui , Garshick Eric , Si Feifei , Tang Ziqi , Lian Xinyao , Wang Yaqi , Li Jing , Koutrakis Petros
Published: July 2024

Importance

Recognizing associations between exposure to common environmental toxicants and mental disorders such as depression is crucial for guiding targeted mechanism research and the initiation of disease prevention efforts.

Objectives

To comprehensively screen and assess the associations between potential environmental toxicants and depressive symptoms and to assess whether systemic inflammation serves as a mediator.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A total of 3427 participants from the 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination and Survey who had information on blood or urine concentrations of environmental toxicants and depression scores assessed by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were included. Statistical analysis was performed from July 1, 2023, to January 31, 2024.

Exposures

Sixty-two toxicants in 10 categories included acrylamide, arsenic, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, iodine, metals, nicotine metabolites, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compound (VOC) metabolites; and perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate.

Main Outcomes and Measures

An exposome-wide association study and the deletion-substitution-addition algorithm were used to assess associations with depression scores (PHQ-9 ≥5) adjusted for other important covariates. A mediation analysis framework was used to evaluate the mediating role of systemic inflammation assessed by the peripheral white blood cell count.

Results

Among the 3427 adults included, 1735 (50.6%) were women, 2683 (78.3%) were younger than 65 years, and 744 (21.7%) were 65 years or older, with 839 (24.5%) having depressive symptoms. In terms of race and ethnicity, 570 participants (16.6%) were Mexican American, 679 (19.8%) were non-Hispanic Black, and 1314 (38.3%) were non-Hispanic White. We identified associations between 27 chemical compounds or metals in 6 of 10 categories of environmental toxicants and the prevalence of depressive symptoms, including the VOC metabolites N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxy-3-butenyl)-l-cysteine (odds ratio [OR], 1.74 [95% CI, 1.38, 2.18]) and total nicotine equivalent-2 (OR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.26-1.59]). Men and younger individuals appear more vulnerable to environmental toxicants than women and older individuals. Peripheral white blood cell count mediated 5% to 19% of the associations.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this representative cross-sectional study of adults with environmental toxicant exposures, 6 categories of environmental toxicants were associated with depressive symptoms with mediation by systemic inflammation. This research provides insight into selecting environmental targets for mechanistic research into the causes of depression and facilitating efforts to reduce environmental exposures.
0.01% Atropine Eye Drops in Children With Myopia and Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Wang Zijin , Li Tianxi , Zuo Xiaoxia , Zhang Tong , Liu Lei , Zhou Chenyu , Leng Zhenhua , Chen Xuejuan , Wang Lingyan , Wang Xiaofeng , Liu Hu
Published: July 2024

Importance

Exotropia and myopia are commonly coexistent. However, evidence is limited regarding atropine interventions for myopia control in children with myopia and intermittent exotropia (IXT).

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 0.01% atropine eye drops on myopia progression, exotropia conditions, and binocular vision in individuals with myopia and IXT.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This placebo-controlled, double-masked, randomized clinical trial was conducted from December 2020 to September 2023. Children aged 6 to 12 years with basic-type IXT and myopia of −0.50 to −6.00 diopters (D) after cycloplegic refraction in both eyes were enrolled.

Intervention

Participants were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to 0.01% atropine or placebo eye drops administered in both eyes once at night for 12 months.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was change in cycloplegic spherical equivalent from baseline at 1 year. Secondary outcomes included change in axial length (AL), accommodative amplitude (AA), exotropia conditions, and binocular vision at 1 year.

Results

Among 323 screened participants, 300 children (mean [SD] age, 9.1 [1.6] years; 152 male [50.7%]) were included in this study. A total of 200 children (66.7%) were in the atropine group, and 100 (33.3%) were in the placebo group. At 1 year, the 0.01% atropine group had slower spherical equivalent progression (−0.51 D vs −0.75 D; difference = 0.24 D; 95% CI, 0.11-0.37 D; P < .001) and AL elongation (0.31 mm vs 0.42 mm; difference = −0.11 mm; 95% CI, −0.17 to −0.06 mm; P < .001) than the placebo group. The mean AA change was −3.06 D vs 0.12 D (difference = −3.18 D; 95% CI, −3.92 to −2.44 D; P < .001) in the atropine and placebo groups, respectively. The 0.01% atropine group had a decrease in near magnitude of exodeviation whereas the placebo group had an increase (−1.25 prism diopters [PD] vs 0.74 PD; difference = −1.99 PD; 95% CI, −3.79 to −0.19 PD; P = .03). In the atropine vs placebo group, respectively, the incidence of study drug-related photophobia was 6.0% (12 of 200 participants) vs 8.0% (8 of 100 participants; difference = −2.0%; 95% CI, −9.4% to 3.7%; P = .51) and for blurred near vision was 6.0% (12 of 200 participants) vs 7.0% (7 of 100 participants) (difference = −1.0%; 95% CI, −8.2% to 4.5%; P = .74).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this randomized clinical trial support use of 0.01% atropine eye drops, although compromising AA to some extent, for slowing myopia progression without interfering with exotropia conditions or binocular vision in children with myopia and IXT.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2000039827
Hearing Loss, Hearing Aids, and Functional Status
Authors: Assi Sahar , Twardzik Erica , Kucharska-Newton Anna M. , Windham B. Gwen , Reed Nicholas S. , Palta Priya , Martinez-Amezcua Pablo
Published: July 2024

Importance

Hearing loss may contribute to poor functional status via cognitive impairment and social isolation. Hearing aids may play a protective role by attenuating these downstream outcomes. However, population-based evidence is lacking.

Objective

To examine the association of hearing loss and hearing aids with functional status.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional (2016-2017) and longitudinal (2016-2022) analysis of data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort study included older, community-dwelling adults with complete data. Data were analyzed from June to December 2023.

Exposures

The better-hearing ear’s pure tone average (BPTA) at speech frequencies (0.5-4 kHz) was modeled categorically (no [BPTA ≤25 dB], mild [26-40 dB], and moderate or greater hearing loss [>40 dB]). Hearing aid use was self-reported.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Difficulties in activities of daily living (ADLs; eg, dressing and eating), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLS; eg, household chores and meal preparation), and heavier tasks (eg, walking a quarter of a mile) were self-reported at visit 6. The ability to perform usual activities, walk a half mile, walk up and down stairs, and do heavy housework without help were collected in follow-up surveys. Linear and logistic regression models were used that were adjusted for sociodemographic and health covariates.

Results

Among 3142 participants (mean [SD] age, 79.3 [4.6] years; 1828 women [58.2%]), 1013 (32.2%) had no hearing loss, 1220 (38.8%) had mild hearing loss, and 909 (29.0%) had moderate or greater hearing loss. Moderate or greater hearing loss was cross-sectionally associated with difficulty in 1 or more ADLs (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% CI, 1.02-1.58), IADLs (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05-1.71), and heavier tasks (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04-1.62) compared with no hearing loss. Over time (mean [SD] follow-up, 1.9 [1.8] years), moderate or greater hearing loss was associated with a faster decline in the number of activities participants were able to do (β = −0.07 per year; 95% CI, −0.09 to −0.06) and greater odds of reporting inability to do 1 or more of the 4 activities (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05-1.24). Hearing aid users and nonusers did not differ.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this study suggest that moderate or greater hearing loss was associated with functional difficulties and may contribute to a faster decline in function longitudinally independent of sociodemographic and health covariates. Hearing aids did not change the association among those with hearing loss.
Unintentional Intoxication or Injury and Risk for Self-Harm in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Frajerman Ariel , Goueslard Karine , Quantin Catherine , Jollant Fabrice
Published: July 2024

This cohort study explores the risk of nonfatal self-harm in French adolescents and young adults hospitalized for unintentional intoxication or injury.
Annulative Coupling of β‐Ketosulfoxonium Ylides and β‐Ketothioamides: Access to Thiazolines and Thiazolidin‐4‐Ones
Authors: Kumar Saini Rahul , Kumar Pandey Satyendra
Published: July 2024

A catalyst‐ and additive‐free one‐step protocol for synthesizing thiazolines and thiazolidin‐4‐ones, utilizing the annulative coupling between β‐ketosulfoxonium ylides and β‐ketothioamides has been described. The dual functionalization of β‐ketosulfoxonium ylides through S‐alkylation and intramolecular N‐cyclization leads to the generation of both C−S and C−N bonds. The developed synthetic methods facilitate the synthesis of diverse functionalized thiazolines and thiazolidin‐4‐one derivatives, validated through large‐scale reactions.
Identification of a Hippocampus‐to‐Zona Incerta Projection involved in Motor Learning
Authors: Zhang Zhuo‐Hang , Wang Bo , Peng Yan , Xu Ya‐Wei , Li Chang‐Hong , Ning Ya‐Lei , Zhao Yan , Shan Fa‐Bo , Zhang Bo , Yang Nan , Zhang Jing , Chen Xing , Xiong Ren‐Ping , Zhou Yuan‐Guo , Li Ping
Published: July 2024

Motor learning (ML), which plays a fundamental role in growth and physical rehabilitation, involves different stages of learning and memory processes through different brain regions. However, the neural mechanisms that underlie ML are not sufficiently understood. Here, a previously unreported neuronal projection from the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) to the zona incerta (ZI) involved in the regulation of ML behaviors is identified. Using recombinant adeno‐associated virus, the projections to the ZI are surprisingly identified as originating from the dorsal dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1 subregions of the dHPC. Furthermore, projection‐specific chemogenetic and optogenetic manipulation reveals that the projections from the dorsal CA1 to the ZI play key roles in the acquisition and consolidation of ML behaviors, whereas the projections from the dorsal DG to the ZI mediate the retrieval/retention of ML behaviors. The results reveal new projections from the dorsal DG and dorsal CA1 to the ZI involved in the regulation of ML and provide insight into the stages over which this regulation occurs.
Complex Hydride‐Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Rechargeable Ca‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Shinohara Takara , Kisu Kazuaki , Dorai Arunkumar , Zushida Kenji , Yabu Hiroshi , Takagi Shigeyuki , Orimo Shin‐ichi
Published: July 2024

Rechargeable Ca batteries offer the advantages of high energy density, low cost, and earth‐abundant constituents, presenting a viable alternative to lithium‐ion batteries. However, using polymer electrolytes in practical Ca batteries is not often reported, despite its potential to prevent leakage and preserve battery flexibility. Herein, a Ca(BH4)2‐based gel‐polymer electrolyte (GPE) is prepared from Ca(BH4)2 and poly(tetrahydrofuran) (pTHF) and tested its performance in Ca batteries. The electrolyte demonstrates excellent stability against Ca‐metal anodes and high ionic conductivity. The results of infrared spectroscopy and 1H and 11B NMR indicate that the terminal ─OH groups of pTHF reacted with BH4− anions to form B─H─(pTHF)3 moieties, achieving cross‐linking and solidification. Cyclic voltammetry measurements indicate the occurrence of reversible Ca plating/stripping. To improve the performance at high current densities, the GPE is supplemented with LiBH4 to achieve a lower overpotential in the Ca plating/stripping process. An all‐solid‐state Ca‐metal battery with a dual‐cation (Ca2+ and Li+) GPE, a Ca‐metal anode, and a Li4Ti5O12 cathode sustained >200 cycles, confirming their feasibility. The results pave the way for further developing lithium salt‐free Ca batteries by developing electrolyte salts with high oxidation stability and optimal electrochemical properties.
Engineering of a DNA/γPNA Hybrid Nanoreporter for ctDNA Mutation Detection via γPNA Urinalysis
Authors: Xiang Zhichu , Lu Jianhua , Ming Yang , Guo Weisheng , Chen Xiaoyuan , Sun Weijian
Published: July 2024

Detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) mutations, which are molecular biomarkers present in bodily fluids of cancer patients, can be applied for tumor diagnosis and prognosis monitoring. However, current profiling of ctDNA mutations relies primarily on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing and these techniques require preanalytical processing of blood samples, which are time‐consuming, expensive, and tedious procedures that increase the risk of sample contamination. To overcome these limitations, here the engineering of a DNA/γPNA (gamma peptide nucleic acid) hybrid nanoreporter is disclosed for ctDNA biosensing via in situ profiling and recording of tumor‐specific DNA mutations. The low tolerance of γPNA to single mismatch in base pairing with DNA allows highly selective recognition and recording of ctDNA mutations in peripheral blood. Owing to their remarkable biostability, the detached γPNA strands triggered by mutant ctDNA will be enriched in kidneys and cleared into urine for urinalysis. It is demonstrated that the nanoreporter has high specificity for ctDNA mutation in peripheral blood, and urinalysis of cleared γPNA can provide valuable information for tumor progression and prognosis evaluation. This work demonstrates the potential of the nanoreporter for urinary monitoring of tumor and patient prognosis through in situ biosensing of ctDNA mutations.
UBX‐390: A Novel Androgen Receptor Degrader for Therapeutic Intervention in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lee Soohyun , Kim Hwa‐Ryeon , Woo Yaejin , Kim Jiyoung , Kim Han Wool , Park Ji Youn , Suh Beomseon , Choi Yuri , Ahn Jungmin , Ryu Je Ho , Roe Jae‐Seok , Song Jaewhan , Lee Song Hee
Published: July 2024

The androgen receptor (AR) is an attractive target for treating prostate cancer, considering its role in the development and progression of localized and metastatic prostate cancer. The high global mortality burden of prostate cancer, despite medical treatments such as androgen deprivation or AR antagonist therapy, highlights the need to explore alternative strategies. One strategy involves the use of heterobifunctional degraders, also known as proteolysis‐targeting chimeras, which are novel small‐molecule therapeutics that inhibit amplified or mutated targets. Here, the study reports a novel cereblon‐based AR degrader, UBX‐390, and demonstrates its superior activity over established AR degraders, such as ARV‐110 or ARCC‐4, in prostate cancer cells under short‐ and long‐term treatment conditions. UBX‐390 suppresses chromatin binding and gene expression of AR and demonstrates substantial efficacy in the degradation of AR mutants in patients with treatment‐resistant prostate cancer. UBX‐390 is presented as an optimized AR degrader with remarkable potential for treating castration‐resistant prostate cancer.
Thermally Oxidized Memristor and 1T1R Integration for Selector Function and Low‐Power Memory
Authors: Pan Zhidong , Zhang Jielian , Liu Xueting , Zhao Lei , Ma Jingyi , Luo Chunlai , Sun Yiming , Dan Zhiying , Gao Wei , Lu Xubing , Li Jingbo , Huo Nengjie
Published: July 2024

Resistive switching memories have garnered significant attention due to their high‐density integration and rapid in‐memory computing beyond von Neumann's architecture. However, significant challenges are posed in practical applications with respect to their manufacturing process complexity, a leakage current of high resistance state (HRS), and the sneak‐path current problem that limits their scalability. Here, a mild‐temperature thermal oxidation technique for the fabrication of low‐power and ultra‐steep memristor based on Ag/TiOx/SnOx/SnSe2/Au architecture is developed. Benefiting from a self‐assembled oxidation layer and the formation/rupture of oxygen vacancy conductive filaments, the device exhibits an exceptional threshold switching behavior with high switch ratio exceeding 106, low threshold voltage of ≈1 V, long‐term retention of >104 s, an ultra‐small subthreshold swing of 2.5 mV decade−1 and high air‐stability surpassing 4 months. By decreasing temperature, the device undergoes a transition from unipolar volatile to bipolar nonvolatile characteristics, elucidating the role of oxygen vacancies migration on the resistive switching process. Further, the 1T1R structure is established between a memristor and a 2H‐MoTe2 transistor by the van der Waals (vdW) stacking approach, achieving the functionality of selector and multi‐value memory with lower power consumption. This work provides a mild‐thermal oxidation technology for the low‐cost production of high‐performance memristors toward future in‐memory computing applications.
A Se Nanoparticle/MgFe‐LDH Composite Nanosheet as a Multifunctional Platform for Osteosarcoma Eradication, Antibacterial and Bone Reconstruction
Authors: Bian Yixin , Zhao Kexin , Hu Tingting , Tan Chaoliang , Liang Ruizheng , Weng Xisheng
Published: July 2024

Despite advances in treating osteosarcoma, postoperative tumor recurrence, periprosthetic infection, and critical bone defects remain critical concerns. Herein, the growth of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) onto MgFe‐LDH nanosheets (LDH) is reported to develop a multifunctional nanocomposite (LDH/Se) and further modification of the nanocomposite on a bioactive glass scaffold (BGS) to obtain a versatile platform (BGS@LDH/Se) for comprehensive postoperative osteosarcoma management. The uniform dispersion of negatively charged SeNPs on the LDH surface restrains toxicity‐inducing aggregation and inactivation, thus enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activation and superoxide anion radical (·O2−)‐H2O2 conversion. Meanwhile, Fe3+ within the LDH nanosheets can be reduced to Fe2+ by depleting glutathione (GSH) in the tumor microenvironments (TME), which can catalyze H2O2 into highly toxic reactive oxygen species. More importantly, incorporating SeNPs significantly promotes the anti‐bacterial and osteogenic properties of BGS@LDH/Se. Thus, the developed BGS@LDH/Se platform can simultaneously inhibit tumor recurrence and periprosthetic infection as well as promote bone regeneration, thus holding great potential for postoperative “one‐stop‐shop” management of patients who need osteosarcoma resection and scaffold implantation.
Oxidized Melanoma Antigens Promote Activation and Proliferation of Cytotoxic T‐Cell Subpopulations
Authors: Clemen Ramona , Miebach Lea , Singer Debora , Freund Eric , von Woedtke Thomas , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter , Bekeschus Sander
Published: July 2024

Increasing evidence suggests the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in regulating antitumor immune effects and immunosuppression. RONS modify biomolecules and induce oxidative post‐translational modifications (oxPTM) on proteins that can alarm phagocytes. However, it is unclear if and how protein oxidation by technical means could be a strategy to foster antitumor immunity and therapy. To this end, cold gas plasma technology producing various RONS simultaneously to oxidize the two melanoma‐associated antigens MART and PMEL is utilized. Cold plasma‐oxidized MART (oxMART) and PMEL (oxPMEL) are heavily decorated with oxPTMs as determined by mass spectrometry. Immunization with oxidized MART or PMEL vaccines prior to challenge with viable melanoma cells correlated with significant changes in cytokine secretion and altered T‐cell differentiation of tumor‐infiltrated leukocytes (TILs). oxMART promoted the activity of cytotoxic central memory T‐cells, while oxPMEL led to increased proliferation of cytotoxic effector T‐cells. Similar T‐cell results are observed after incubating splenocytes of tumor‐bearing mice with B16F10 melanoma cells. This study, for the first time, provides evidence of the importance of oxidative modifications of two melanoma‐associated antigens in eliciting anticancer immunity.
Mitigation of Humidity Interference by Graphene Derivatives for Efficient Temperature Sensors without Encapsulation
Authors: Šedajová Veronika , Štulík Jiří , Jakubec Petr , Otyepka Michal
Published: July 2024

Temperature monitoring and regulation are essential in various environments, including modern industry and living and storage spaces. The growing demand for temperature sensors calls for affordable, efficient, interference‐resistant, and eco‐friendly solutions. The challenge of humidity interference in constructing temperature sensors often leads to compromising on the dynamic sensor properties in particular due to the need for encapsulation. To this end, this study introduces a temperature sensor leveraging a carefully designed graphene derivative to mitigate the humidity interference. The material, synthesize through scalable fluorographene chemistry with benzylamine, is optimized in order to enhance its properties, which led to achieving peak efficiency with a minimal humidity impact. The sensor demonstrated full functionality across a temperature range from 10 to 90 °C, with a temperature coefficient of resistivity 8.63 × 10−3 K−1, which is more than twice as high as that of conventional platinum thermometers. Remarkably, the sensor exhibited only a 2% change in resistance when exposed to relative humidity in the range of 20 to 70%. Notably, the sensor continues to give a consistent performance even after six months, which proved its stability. The presented device holds promise for evolving into a fully printed, cost‐effective and reliable next‐generation temperature sensors.
Accounting for spatial variations during photopolymerization of 1,6‐hexane‐diol diacrylate in the presence of oxygen
Authors: El Halabi Alaa , Abdi Kaveh , Vo Anh‐Duong Dieu , Ebrahimzadeh Ardalan , van den Hoek Jasper F. , van der Velden Luuk , Willemse Robin X. E. , van der Linden Marjolein N. , Iedema Piet D. , McAuley Kimberley B.
Published: July 2024

A dynamic model is proposed for photopolymerization of 1,6‐hexane‐diol diacrylate (HDDA) with bifunctional initiator bis‐acylphosphine oxide (BAPO) in the presence of oxygen. This partial‐differential‐equation model predicts time and spatially varying vinyl‐group conversion as well as concentrations of monomer, initiator, oxygen, and seven types of radicals. Experiments to obtain diffusivities of oxygen, BAPO and HDDA are reported. Oxygen‐related parameters are estimated using real‐time Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) conversion data. FTIR experiments were conducted using a range of film thicknesses (), BAPO levels () and light intensities (). The model predicts qualitative trends. Conversion predictions for runs with high intensities () and high BAPO () are accurate with a root‐mean‐squared error (RMSE) of 0.04. Larger RMSE (0.13) for runs with lower intensities and BAPO indicates that improved parameter estimates are required. Parameter estimates will be updated in future using a model that accounts for shrinkage during polymerization.
Nerve enlargement in patients with Noonan syndrome: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Draaisma Fieke , Leenders Erika K. S. M. , Erasmus Corrie E. , Braakman Hilde M. H. , Burgers Melanie C. J. , Coppens Catelijne H. , Rinne Tuula , Zenker Martin , Tartaglia Marco , Reintjes Wesley , Voermans Nicol C. , van Engelen Baziel G. M. , van Alfen Nens , Draaisma Jos M. T.
Published: July 2024

Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by facial dysmorphism, congenital heart disease, development delay, growth retardation and lymphatic disease. It is caused by germline pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins in the Ras/mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Nerve enlargement is not generally considered as a feature of NS, although some cases have been reported. High‐resolution nerve ultrasound enables detailed anatomical assessment of peripheral nerves and can show enlarged nerves. This retrospective cohort study aims to describe the sonographic findings of patients with NS performed during a 1‐year time period. Data on the degree of enlargement, the relation to increasing age, pain in extremities, genotype on the gene level and clinical features were collected. Twenty‐nine of 93 patients visiting the NS Center of Expertise of the Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen underwent high‐resolution ultrasound. In 24 patients (83%) nerve enlargement was found. Most of them experienced pain. We observed a weak correlation with increasing age and the degree of nerve enlargement but no association with pain, genotype at the gene level or clinical features. This study shows that patients with NS have a high predisposition for sonographic nerve enlargement and that the majority experience pain.
Surface Carbon Formation and its Impact on Methane Dry Reforming Kinetics on Rhodium‐Based Catalysts by Operando Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Colombo Riccardo , Moroni Gianluca , Negri Chiara , Delen Guusje , Monai Matteo , Donazzi Alessandro , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Maestri Matteo
Published: July 2024

A mechanism for carbon deposition and its impact on the reaction kinetics of Methane Dry Reforming (MDR) using Rhodium‐based catalysts is presented. By integrating Raman spectroscopy with kinetic analysis in an operando‐annular chemical reactor under strict chemical conditions, we discovered that carbon deposition on a Rh/α‐Al2O3 catalyst follows a nucleation‐growth mechanism. The dynamics of carbon aggregates at the surface is found to be ruled by the CO2/CH4 ratio and the inlet CH4 concentration. The findings elucidate the spatiotemporal development of carbon aggregates on the catalyst surface and their effects on catalytic performance. Furthermore, the proposed mechanism for carbon formation shows that the influence of CO2 on MDR kinetics is an indirect result of carbon accumulation over time frames exceeding the turnover frequency, thus reconciling conflicting reports in the literature regarding CO2′s kinetic role in MDR.
The application of poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) in poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)/starch composites
Authors: Yan Xin , Zhou Yuying , Liu Chen , Chen Yujian , Wu Hao , Wang Hu , Zhang He‐xin , Yang Jian‐ming , Yoon Keun‐Byoung
Published: July 2024

Antimicrobial degradable materials are pivotal in enhancing food safety, mitigating plastic pollution, and advancing sustainable development. In this study, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDMDAAC) was initially anchored to the starch surface (PMS) and utilized as a filler. Subsequently, poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT)/PMS composites with antimicrobial properties were successfully prepared by melt blending. The results showed that the introduction of PMS filler can improve the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of PBAT. Compared with pure PBAT, the tensile strength and modulus of PBAT/10PMS composites were enhanced by 25% and 29%, respectively. In addition, the prepared PBAT/PMS composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli when the PMS filler content reached 10 wt% or even higher. Therefore, an antimicrobial biodegradable composite was successfully prepared using a facile blending method in this study.
A viscoelastic‐healing suspension sealing material with a double‐network gel structure for improving borehole‐sealing performance
Authors: Liu Xiaoqin , Zhai Cheng , Zheng Yangfeng , Wu Xizhuo , Xu Jizhao , Tang Wei , Zhu Xinyu , Chen Aikun , Xu Hexiang , Wang Yu
Published: July 2024

Developing a high‐performance sealing material to improve the sealing quality of extraction boreholes is of great significance for achieving efficient coalbed methane (CBM) extraction and safety mining. In this work, a viscoelastic‐healing suspension sealing material (VEHS) with a double‐networked gel structure was developed, consisting of a latex emulsion (LE) and polymeric superabsorbent (PSA) with the addition of fly ash (FA) and sodium montmorillonite (Na‐MMT). X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and rheometer tests were conducted to characterize the variation in the microstructural characteristics and rheological behaviors of VEHS, respectively. Besides, response surface methodology was utilized to model the relationships between the composition of VEHS and its viscosity and fluidity. The results show that the VEHS's structure is uniformly dense. The viscosity of VEHS, a pseudoplastic fluid, decreases progressively with an increasing shear rate while rising and stabilizing over time. Within the stress range of 10–30 Pa, VEHS exhibits relatively balanced viscoelasticity. VEHS shows excellent fluidity and can form a viscoelastic‐healing coagulated layer that is firmly adhered to the coal wall, leading to a strong sealing ability. The research has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of CBM extraction and brings the advantages in terms of safety, economy, and society.
Discovery and optimization of 3‐(indolin‐5‐yloxy)pyridin‐2‐amine derivatives as potent necroptosis inhibitors
Authors: Lan Yaohan , Ji Yinchun , Peng Xia , Duan Wenhu , Geng Meiyu , Ai Jing , Zhang Hefeng
Published: July 2024

Necroptosis is a form of regulated necrotic cell death and has been confirmed to play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriasis. The development of necroptosis inhibitors may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of these autoimmune diseases. Herein, starting from the in‐house hit compound 1, we systematically performed structural optimization to discover potent necroptosis inhibitors with good pharmacokinetic profiles. The resulting compound 33 was a potent necroptosis inhibitor for both human I2.1 cells (IC50 < 0.2 nM) and murine Hepa1‐6 cells (IC50 < 5 nM). Further target identification revealed that compound 33 was an inhibitor of receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) with favorable selectivity. In addition, compound 33 also exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic profiles (T1/2 = 1.32 h, AUC = 1157 ng·h/mL) in Sprague‐Dawley rats. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that compound 33 could bind to RIPK1 with high affinity. In silico ADMET analysis demonstrated that compound 33 possesses good drug‐likeness profiles. Collectively, compound 33 is a promising candidate for antinecroptotic drug discovery.
Development of an eco‐friendly fluorescent probe for mefenamic acid sensing in pharmaceuticals and biofluids
Authors: El Azab Noha F. , Alqirsh Sherin M. , Magdy Nancy , Abdel‐Ghany Maha F.
Published: July 2024

Mefenamic acid, renowned for its analgesic properties, stands as a reliable choice for alleviating mild to moderate pain. However, its versatility extends beyond pain relief, with ongoing research unveiling its promising therapeutic potential across diverse domains. A straightforward, environmentally friendly, and sensitive spectrofluorometric technique has been developed for the precise quantification of the analgesic medication, mefenamic acid. This method relies on the immediate reduction of fluorescence emitted by a probe upon interaction with varying concentrations of the drug. The fluorescent probe utilized, N‐phenyl‐1‐naphthylamine (NPNA), was synthesized in a single step, and the fluorescence intensities were measured at 480 nm using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy with a wavelength difference of 200 nm. Temperature variations and lifetime studies indicated that the quenching process was static. The calibration curve exhibited linearity within the concentration range of 0.50–9.00 μg/mL, with a detection limit of 60.00 ng/mL. Various experimental parameters affecting the quenching process were meticulously examined and optimized. The proposed technique was successfully applied to determine mefenamic acid in pharmaceutical formulations, plasma, and urine, yielding excellent recoveries ranging from 98% to 100.5%. The greenness of the developed method was evaluated using three metrics: the Analytical Eco‐scale, AGREE, and the Green Analytical Procedure Index.
Metabolic engineering combined with site‐directed saturated mutations of α‐keto acid decarboxylase for efficient production of 6‐aminocaproic acid and 1,6‐hexamethylenediamine
Authors: Wang Tiantian , Ye Pan , Xu Xue , Lu Mengqing , Zhang Xinyu , Li Naiqiang
Published: July 2024

6‐Aminocaproic acid (6ACA) and 1,6‐hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) are key precursors for nylon synthesis, and both are produced using petroleum‐based chemical processes. However, the utilization of bio‐based raw materials for biological production of monomers is crucial for nylon industry. In this study, we demonstrated that metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli and selected mutations of α‐keto acid decarboxylase successfully synthesized 6ACA and HMDA. An artificial iterative cycle from l‐lysine to chain‐extended α‐ketoacids was introduced into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Then, the extended α‐ketoacids were decarboxylated and oxidized for 6ACA production. Overexpression of catalase (KatE) combined with the site‐directed mutations of α‐isopropylmalate synthase (LeuA) contributed synergistic enhancement effect on synthesis of 6ACA, resulting in a 1.3‐fold increase in 6ACA titer. Selected mutations in α‐keto acid decarboxylase (KivD) improved its specificity and 170.00 ± 5.57 mg/L of 6ACA with a yield of 0.13 mol/mol (6ACA/l‐lysine hydrochloride) was achieved by shake flask cultivation of the engineered strain with the KivD# (F381Y/V461I). Meanwhile, the engineered E. coli could accumulate 84.67 ± 4.04 mg/L of HMDA with a yield of 0.08 mol/mol (HMDA/l‐lysine hydrochloride) by replacing aldehyde dehydrogenase with bi‐aminotransferases. This achievement marks a significant advancement in the biological synthesis of 6‐carbon compounds, since the biosynthetic pathways of HMDA are rarely identified.
An efficient cre‐based workflow for genomic integration and expression of large biosynthetic pathways in Eubacterium limosum
Authors: Sanford Patrick A. , Blaby Ian , Yoshikuni Yasuo , Woolston Benjamin M.
Published: July 2024

Acetogenic Clostridia are obligate anaerobes that have emerged as promising microbes for the renewable production of biochemicals owing to their ability to efficiently metabolize sustainable single‐carbon feedstocks. Additionally, Clostridia are increasingly recognized for their biosynthetic potential, with recent discoveries of diverse secondary metabolites ranging from antibiotics to pigments to modulators of the human gut microbiota. Lack of efficient methods for genomic integration and expression of large heterologous DNA constructs remains a major challenge in studying biosynthesis in Clostridia and using them for metabolic engineering applications. To overcome this problem, we harnessed chassis‐independent recombinase‐assisted genome engineering (CRAGE) to develop a workflow for facile integration of large gene clusters (>10 kb) into the human gut acetogen Eubacterium limosum. We then integrated a non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase gene cluster from the gut anaerobe Clostridium leptum, which previously produced no detectable product in traditional heterologous hosts. Chromosomal expression in E. limosum without further optimization led to production of phevalin at 2.4 mg/L. These results further expand the molecular toolkit for a highly tractable member of the Clostridia, paving the way for sophisticated pathway engineering efforts, and highlighting the potential of E. limosum as a Clostridial chassis for exploration of anaerobic natural product biosynthesis.
Pregnant women exhibit decreased trigeminal sensitivity
Authors: Sabiniewicz Agnieszka , Pieniak Michał , Hummel Thomas
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Chemosensory function in pregnant women is far from being fully understood due to the lack of data and inconsistencies between the results of self‐reports and objective studies.

Methods

In the present study in pregnant and non‐pregnant women (npregnant = 14, nnon‐pregnant = 13), we measured EEG‐derived electrophysiological response measures supported by psychophysical olfactory and trigeminal tests.

Results

Results indicate that the olfactory event‐related potential amplitudes or latencies of the P1, N1, and P2 components remain unchanged in pregnant women. In accordance with these findings, no difference was observed between pregnant and non‐pregnant women in psychophysical olfactory tests. However, pregnant women displayed a lower degree of sensitivity to trigeminal stimuli compared to non‐pregnant controls, which was also reflected in the electrophysiological responses to trigeminal stimuli.

Conclusion

Counterintuitive as they may seem, our findings demonstrate a “flattening” of chemosomatosensory responses. Psychological processes occurring during pregnancy, such as changes in socioemotional perception of odors resulting from the diminished stress response, may provide a background to these results. Overall, the present results indicate the absence of major differences between non‐pregnant and pregnant women in terms of measured olfactory function though chemosomatosensory function of the pregnant women appears to be decreased.
Beyond marginalisation: The changing dynamics of communication post‐COVID‐19 among the female sex workers of Kolkata
Authors: Bhattacharyya Biswadeep
Published: July 2024

The lives of sex workers feature varying issues of marginalisation. Regardless of the geographical location and surrounding culture, sex work and sex workers face a huge amount of stigma throughout the world. Over time, this prevailing stigma creates stereotypes that mainstream society reinforces through their attitude and daily discourse. Moreover, the inception of the COVID‐19 pandemic has deepened the inequalities and marginalisation experienced by this population group. This ethnographic research explores the changing dynamics of communication post‐COVID‐19 among female sex workers in the Kalighat red light district of Kolkata. To conclude, the researcher engages in audio‐recorded in‐depth interviews with 15 female sex workers chosen with the help of the snowball sampling technique. The findings of this research add to the almost non‐existent literature concerning sex work and communication and are also helpful to bureaucrats and other policymakers formulating policies for the vulnerable and marginalised. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Multiple system atrophy—cerebellar type: Diagnostic challenge in resource‐limited settings case report
Authors: Azibte Gebeyehu Tessema , Molla Bereket Abraha , Mulate Sebhatleab Teju , Melkamu Selam Kifelew , Ayalew Zekarias Seifu
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case report highlights the challenges of diagnosing MSA‐C in resource‐limited settings. MRI findings like the “hot cross bun” sign can be supportive, but the unavailability of advanced tools like seed amplification assay may delay diagnosis. Early diagnosis is crucial for proper symptom management.

Multiple system atrophy is a rare neurodegenerative disorder affecting the pyramidal, autonomic, nigrostriatal, and cerebellar tracts. Multisystem atrophy should be considered in adults with progressive motor or autonomic dysfunctions. Clinical manifestations vary depending on the system, including bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, cerebellar ataxia, and autonomic failure. Depending on the initial predominant manifestation, multisystem atrophy is classified as Parkinsonian (MSA‐P) and cerebellar (MSA‐C). Our patient presented with progressive loss of balance, rigidity, slurred speech, choking episodes, and loss of morning tumescence for 4 years, suggesting autonomic and cerebellar involvement. He was diagnosed with MSA after 4 years of initial presentation with combinations of magnetic resonant imaging findings and clinical manifestations. Diagnosing multiple system atrophy in such resource‐limited areas is challenging. The unavailability of seed application tests and biomarkers significantly affected the delayed diagnosis.
An unusual case of ventral spontaneous thoracic epidural hematoma
Authors: Zhou Junge
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) rarely occurs. Without early diagnosis, SSEH can lead to the acute onset of neurologic deficits. We report the case of a 65‐year‐old male with diabetes mellitus who was admitted to our emergency department with a chief complaint of sharp and severe pain in the left scapula and behind the sternum. He was misdiagnosed with cardiovascular disease until the onset of progressive bilateral paraplegia and lower limb numbness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a ventral thoracic SSEH. Surgical treatment to remove epidural hematoma and laminectomy for decompression were performed. Except for urine retention, bilateral lower limb paraplegia and numbness were alleviated postoperatively. Due to the high risk of poor neurological outcomes without treatment or with delayed intervention, timely surgical evacuation of the hematoma and hemostasis are recommended to ensure favorable neurological outcomes.