bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Front Line Demonstrations in Improving Rice Productivity and Profitability in Jaunpur District of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Hashim Mohammad , Singh K. K. , Kumar Narendra , Deo Man Mohan , Singh Dileep , Kumar Mukund
Published: November 2023

A study was carried out during Kharif, 2019 to assess the impact of Frontline Demonstrations (FLDs) on productivity and profitability of rice crop in Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh. The FLDs were conducted by the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, under the IARI-Outreach Programme to know the yield gap, technology gap, extension gap, economic return, extent of farmer’s satisfaction, and constraints faced by the farmers, especially paddy growers. The critical inputs were identified in existing production technology through personal interaction, group meetings, and discussions with farmers and scientists. Improved variety, soil testing, seed treatment, integrated nutrient management, weed management, and pest and disease management are among the improved technologies. The result showed that switching from traditional farming methods to more advanced production technologies can result in yields of 30.00 percent and net returns of 27.00 percent. The extension gap of 1.20 t/ha, technological gap (0.55 t/ha), and technology index (9.57%) were registered for the Pusa Sugandha-5 variety. An additional returns of ₹16884.33/ha was obtained with an additional investment of ₹8395.67/ha, coupled with scientific monitoring of demonstrations and the use of rice varieties during investigations, which also influenced the economic returns per unit area. The constraint that was found to be the most difficult to overcome was the lack of improved, high-yielding rice varieties. In order to increase their yield and increase the production and productivity of rice in Uttar Pradesh, farmers in the area are advised to adopt new rice varieties as well as a recommended improved package of practices and technologies.
Pharmacy Benefit Managers
Authors: Mattingly T. Joseph , Hyman David A. , Bai Ge
Published: November 2023

Importance

Pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) play a major role in the provision of pharmacy services by acting as intermediaries between pharmacies, plan sponsors (insurance companies and employers), pharmaceutical manufacturers, and drug wholesalers. As their role and visibility have increased, PBMs have come under increased scrutiny from policymakers. However, no prior literature has systematically described the history, business practices, and policymaking of PBMs.

Objective

To provide an overview of the PBM industry, including its history, the evolution of services provided by PBMs, an assessment of the current policy landscape, and analysis of how proposed policies could affect PBM practices and patient care.

Evidence

This work reviews historical events; previous and current industry practices and publications; prior academic literature, existing statutes, regulations, and court cases; and recent legislative reforms and agency actions regarding PBMs.

Findings

Pharmacy benefit managers evolved in parallel with the pharmaceutical manufacturing and health insurance industries. The evolution of the PBM industry has been characterized by horizontal and vertical integration and market concentration. The PBM provides 5 key functions: formulary design, utilization management, price negotiation, pharmacy network formation, and mail order pharmacy services. Criticism of the PBM industry centers around the lack of competition, pricing, agency problems, and lack of transparency. Legislation to address these concerns has been introduced at the state and federal levels, but the potential for these policies to address concerns about PBMs is unknown and may be eclipsed by private sector responses.

Conclusions and Relevance

Pharmacy benefit managers are intermediaries in the pharmaceutical supply chain and perform multiple roles in the management and distribution of pharmaceuticals to patients. When regulating PBMs, it is important to adopt policies that address market failure problems by improving PBM competition as opposed to policies designed to serve the narrow financial interests of other market participants (eg, pharmacies, pharmaceutical manufacturers) without meeting the needs of consumers.
Internal lead shielding for clinical electron treatments
Authors: McDermott Patrick N.
Published: November 2023

Electron beams are often used to treat superficial lesions of the lip, cheek, nose, and ear. Lead is frequently used to block distal structures. It is customary to place an internal bolus of low atomic number in between the tissue and the lead to reduce electron backscatter from the lead. Space for the lead and the internal bolus is quite limited. A previous method for estimating the thickness of the lead plus internal bolus is not self‐consistent and leads to a larger than necessary thickness. A new method is described here to provide a quick, accurate, and self‐consistent estimate of the minimum necessary thickness of the internal bolus and the lead for incident electron beam energies of 4, 6, 8, 9, and 10 MeV as a function of the thickness of the overlying tissue. This method limits the dose enhancement at the tissue/bolus interface due to the underlying lead to 10%. Measurements made with gafchromic film validate this methodology.
NAATP annual salary survey shows professionalism in treatment workforce
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2023

The National Association of Addiction Treatment Providers (NAATP) this fall released its annual salary survey, giving benchmarks for many aspects of the treatment workforce. The report is 71 pages long and available for purchase from NAATP. Of participating providers, 37% were for profit, and 63% not for profit. Forty‐one percent of the programs were in the Western United States; the remainder were evenly distributed throughout other regions. Revenue was mostly in the $5 to $100 million range, with 17% reporting revenues of more than $100 million. Following are specific averages (we have rounded and not included the full ranges and other details, which can be found in the report): 47 organizations reported CEO salaries with an average of 231,000; 23 organizations reported COO salaries with an average of $189,000; and 29 organizations reported CFO salaries with an average of $174,000. There are many more workforce listings, averages, ranges, all separated out by the organization's tax status. The report shows the high level of professionalism in the participating organizations. NAATP CEO Marvin Ventrell said: “At a time when our field is in transition relative to clinical modeling and business operations, including field consolidation, it is imperative that providers have reliable workforce data. Chief among our members' concerns and challenges is the changing face of workforce throughout healthcare. The NAATP Salary Survey has always been one of the most valued products and that it is even more in demand now. Historically we produce the survey biennially but we published in both 2022 and 2023 due to demand. Going forward, we will go back to biennial production with a new Benchmarking Survey planned in alternating years.” A partial view of the NAATP 2023 Salary Survey is available at: https://www.naatp.org/resources/news/naatp‐releases‐14th‐edition‐national‐addiction‐treatment‐salary‐survey/sep‐26‐2023.
Targeted Depletion of Individual Pathogen by Bacteria‐Templated Polymer
Authors: Qi Guobin , Liu Xianglong , Shi Leilei , Zhuang Jiahao , Liu Bin
Published: November 2023

Selective and targeted removal of individual species or strains of bacteria from complex communities can be desirable over traditional and broadly acting antibiotics in several conditions. However, strategies that can detect and ablate bacteria with high specificity are emerging in recent years. Herein, a platform is reported that uses bacteria as a template to synthesize polymers containing guanidinium groups for self‐selective depletion of specific pathogenic bacteria without disturbing microbial communities. Different from conventional antibiotics, repeated treatment of bacteria with the templated polymers does not evolve drug resistance mutants after 20 days of serial passaging. Especially, high in vivo therapeutic effectiveness of the templated polymers is achieved in E. coli‐ and P. aeruginosa‐induced microbial peritonitis. The templated polymers have shown high selectivity in in vivo antimicrobial activity, which has excellent potential as systemic antimicrobials against bacterial infections.
Architecture Prediction of 3D Composites Using Machine Learning and No‐Destructive Technique
Authors: Zhang Xiuli , Wang Ziping , Xu Chen , Side Conner , Sang Sheng
Published: November 2023

The field of composites has seen a surge in the adoption of machine learning techniques due to their ability to achieve once unattainable goals. Presently, machine learning research in composites primarily centers around predicting composite properties or optimizing microstructures to attain specific properties. This paper presents a data‐driven approach to predict the complete architecture of composites. A multi‐output machine learning model, based on conventional XGBoost algorithms, is developed to comprehend the intricate correlation between composite architecture and elastic wave propagation in them. The machine learning model uses input elastic wave signals collected at one face of the composite cube, induced by an actuator on the opposite face of the cube, as features. The composition labels are 3D matrices that represent the architectures of the composite cubes. The results show that the architecture of composites can be predicted using a short period of elastic wave travel through the composites, with up to 96% accuracy. This method can be readily adapted and implemented for any industry application requiring the determination of the architecture of unknown composites without destruction.
Effect of coupling agent on polylactic acid/polypropylene and polylactic acid/polyamide 6 foam composites
Authors: Tuna Sibel , Akkoyun Kurtlu Meral
Published: November 2023

The main part of polymer materials generated from fossil fuels do not degrade after completing their usage life and then begin to be waste in the environment. This situation has led to the emphasis on environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and bio‐based polymers obtained from renewable sources as an alternative. In recent years, several studies are concentrated on especially lightweight and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission limitations. In this work, the goal was to investigate at the same time environmentally friendly and lightweight polymer foam composites based on polylactic acid (PLA) polymer without lowering the performances of the materials. In this aim, polymer foam composites containing polypropylene (PP), polyamide 6 (PA6) and PLA were produced (PLA/PA6 (30:70) and PLA/PP (30:70)) with a chemical blowing agent (CBA) introduced at 1.5 wt.% to the polymer mixture. To improve the interpolymer compatibility and foaming activity maleic anhydride‐grafted polylactic acid (PLA‐g‐MA) was utilized as coupling agent (CA) in different ratios (1, 3 and 5 wt.%). From the evaluation of the polymer mixtures in terms of their lightness, thermal and mechanical strength, the most appropriate CA ratios were determined as 1 wt.% for foamed PLA/PP (30:70) mixtures and 3 wt.% for foamed PLA/PA6 (30:70) mixtures.
Interphase of polyoctenamer‐single‐wall carbon nanotubes by thermogravimetric analysis in air
Authors: Chipara Mircea , Chipara Dorina , Martirosyan Karen , Adhikari Ananta , Trevino Alexandro
Published: November 2023

Non‐isothermal thermogravimetric analysis in air, of polyoctenamer‐single wall carbon nanotubes (PO‐SWNTs), loaded by various amounts of SWNTs up to 10% wt., at different heating rates (ranging from 5 to 40°C/min) is reported. The thermal degradation in the air of PO_SWNTs is dominated by a main single sigmoidal dependence, assigned to the polymer and eventually polymer‐nanofiller interphase, over which a weaker sigmoid assigned to the thermo‐oxidative degradation of the nanofiller is superimposed at higher temperatures. The temperature at which the nanocomposite's residual mass fraction reaches x% wt. of the initial mass, Tx%, is reported (for x = 5, 50, and 85). The dependence of Tx% on the heating rate and the loading by nanotubes is analyzed. The temperature derivative of the thermograms defines new parameters (inflection residual mass fraction and inflection temperature) and (degradation) width. Their dependence on the loading by SWNTs was reported. Estimation of the interphase in polymer‐based nanocomposites is based on the postulate that the dependence of the inflection temperature on the composition of the nanocomposite obeys a Fox‐like dependence, where the bulk polymer and the polymer trapped within the interphase are considered as a blend of two miscible polymers. Complementary Raman, x‐ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry support these results.
Experimental study on robust non‐fragile control of DC‐DC buck converter
Authors: Kumar Bonela Anil , Sarkar Mrinal Kanti
Published: November 2023

The presence of uncertainty in the converter model and controller parameters affects the system's stability and dynamic performance. This paper presents a comparative analysis of robust non‐fragile control based on (i) the Kharitonov method and (ii) the linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique so that the controller can cope with the effect of both uncertainties. The first approach based on Kharitonov theorem determines the robust performance region with guaranteed gain margin and phase margin under parametric uncertainty. The second approach (LMI technique) is based on devising a control law that can quadratically stabilize the closed‐loop system subject to uncertainties and satisfy the H∞ norm bound constraint on disturbance attenuation. Based on these two approaches, a robust non‐fragile PI controller is designed for voltage mode control of dc‐dc buck converter. The effectiveness of the control approaches is evaluated based on (i) robustness against large plant parameter perturbations and load disturbance and (ii) fragility against controller parameter perturbations. The performance of the designed controllers (using the Kharitonov method and the LMI technique) has been thoroughly evaluated and validated through simulation and experimental results.
Hdac1 and Hdac2 positively regulate Notch1 gain‐of‐function pathogenic signaling in committed osteoblasts of male mice
Authors: Torres Haydee M. , Hinojosa Leetoria , VanCleave Ashley M. , Rodezno Tania , Westendorf Jennifer J. , Tao Jianning
Published: November 2023

Background

Skeletal development requires precise extrinsic and intrinsic signals to regulate processes that form and maintain bone and cartilage. Notch1 is a highly conserved signaling receptor that regulates cell fate decisions by controlling the duration of transcriptional bursts. Epigenetic molecular events reversibly modify DNA and histone tails by influencing the spatial organization of chromatin and can fine‐tune the outcome of a Notch1 transcriptional response. Histone deacetylase 1 and 2 (HDAC1 and HDAC2) are chromatin modifying enzymes that mediate osteoblast differentiation. While an HDAC1‐Notch interaction has been studied in vitro and in Drosophila, its role in mammalian skeletal development and disorders is unclear. Osteosclerosis is a bone disorder with an abnormal increase in the number of osteoblasts and excessive bone formation.

Methods

Here, we tested whether Hdac1/2 contribute to the pathogenesis of osteosclerosis in a murine model of the disease owing to conditionally cre‐activated expression of the Notch1 intracellular domain in immature osteoblasts.

Results

Importantly, selective homozygous deletions of Hdac1/2 in osteoblasts partially alleviate osteosclerotic phenotypes (Col2.3kb‐Cre; TGRosaN1ICD/+; Hdac1flox/flox; Hdac2flox/flox) with a 40% decrease in bone volume and a 22% decrease in trabecular thickness in 4 weeks old when compared to male mice with heterozygous deletions of Hdac1/2 (Col2.3 kb‐Cre; TGRosaN1ICD/+; Hdac1flox/+; Hdac2flox/+). Osteoblast‐specific deletion of Hdac1/2 in male and female mice results in no overt bone phenotype in the absence of the Notch1 gain‐of‐function (GOF) allele.

Conclusions

These results provide evidence that Hdac1/2 contribute to Notch1 pathogenic signaling in the mammalian skeleton. Our study on epigenetic regulation of Notch1 GOF‐induced osteosclerosis may facilitate further mechanistic studies of skeletal birth defects caused by Notch‐related GOF mutations in human patients, such as Adams‐Oliver disease, congenital heart disease, and lateral meningocele syndrome.
Rare pyoderma gangrenosum correlated with systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report
Authors: Pourbagherian Omid , Javidi Kamran , Taghizadieh Mohammad , Jafarpour Mehdi
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

The simultaneous occurrence of pyoderma gangrenosum and systemic lupus erythematosus is exceedingly rare and poses diagnostic challenges due to the similarity of skin manifestations in both conditions. The exact relationship between the two conditions remains unclear; however, it is hypothesized that immune dysregulation and neutrophilic infiltration may play a role in the development of pyoderma gangrenosum in SLE patients. Clinicians should be vigilant in recognizing such uncommon associations to ensure prompt and appropriate management.
Finger prosthesis: A novel way to restore the form, function, and esthetics
Authors: Somayaji Nagaveni S. , Sinha Pallawi , Sharan Jitendra , Rajaguru Jagadish Prasad , Marya Anand
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

A well‐customized prosthesis with a life‐like esthetic and function are the primary determining factors for its acceptance and success. RTV silicones can prove to be very effective and useful in fabricating such prosthesis.

Complete or partial finger amputations impact an individual's psychological and physical well‐being and are considered the most frequently observed pattern of hand loss. A customized prosthesis offers the patient rehabilitative, functional, and psychological advantages. Retention is the key to the success of such prosthetic restoration. The present case report describes a novel technique that utilizes passive vacuum fit and mechanical retention to restore controlled function movements as a metal wire framework. The procedure was economical, most importantly, produced life‐like anatomy of the missing digit and restored the function to some extent.
Evaluation of radon‐induced radiation risk in indoor environments
Authors: Elek Nedime İrem , Çam Nebiye Füsun , Öztürk Buket Canbaz
Published: November 2023

In general people spend most of their time in enclosed environments, therefore, they are exposed to indoor radon and its progeny. The paper discusses the variables influencing indoor radon levels. It assesses the correlation between indoor radon levels with temperature, humidity, and pressure, as well as seasonal variables. Radon activity concentrations were measured in Ege University's laboratories and Classroom using a digital radon gas detector. After statistical analysis, the results were compared to committee‐permissible limit levels (ICRP, WHO, and EU). It was found that the average radon activity concentrations were below the recommended 300 Bq m–3 limit value (EU), ranging from 58.4 to 216.0 Bq m–3. This study emphasized the significance of measuring and assessing the indoor radon levels in laboratories and classrooms in particular, in order to safeguard the students and faculty members from radon‐related health issues.
Prospective study of cenobamate on cognition, affectivity, and quality of life in focal epilepsy
Authors: Catalán‐Aguilar Judit , Hampel Kevin G. , Cano‐López Irene , Garcés Mercedes , Lozano‐García Alejandro , Tormos‐Pons Paula , González‐Bono Esperanza , Villanueva Vicente
Published: November 2023

Objective

Cenobamate is a recently approved antiseizure medication that proved to be safe and effective in randomized controlled trials. However, little is known about its impact on some areas frequently affected by epilepsy. For this reason, we explored the effects of cenobamate on cognitive performance, as well as on negative affectivity and quality of life in a sample of patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy.

Methods

Two prospective cohort studies were carried out. In Study 1, 32 patients (22 men and 10 women) underwent a baseline (T0) and a short‐term (T1) neuropsychological assessment after 3 months of cenobamate administration. In Study 2, 22 patients (16 men and 6 women) from the T1 sample also underwent a baseline and a follow‐up evaluation (T2) 6 months after T0.

Results

No significant differences were found in cognitive variables, negative affectivity, and quality of life either in Study 1 or Study 2. Similarly, based on the reliable change index, it was found that most patients showed no changes in these variables.

Significance

These results suggest that cenobamate is a safe antiseizure medication in terms of cognition, negative affectivity, or quality of life since no adverse events have been found after 3 and 6 months of treatment.

Plain Language Summary

Cenobamate is a new antiseizure medication. In patients with epilepsy, cenobamate seems to not affect cognition, anxiety, depression, or quality of life.
Disability in the workplace. Part 2: demystifying disability support and ‘reasonable’ adjustments
Authors: Hodgson Claire , Nathan Olivia Anderson
Published: November 2023

In the first article on disability in the workplace, published in the October 2023 issue of In Practice, we looked at some of the impacts on an individual who is navigating the veterinary profession with chronic illness, neurodivergence and/or disability. In this article, we cover how to support a colleague or employee with a chronic condition, neurodivergence and/or disability, and explain the legalities surrounding disability and employment, including demystifying ‘reasonable adjustments’.
Civility saves lives: explaining why behaviour matters
Authors: Silver‐MacMahon Helen
Published: November 2023

In its simplest form, civility is about how we treat each other. In high‐pressure, ultra‐dynamic workplaces, such as medical and veterinary healthcare, behaviours such as incivility can become commonplace. This article outlines the impact of incivility on colleagues, clients and patients, and explains how people may respond to this type of behaviour. It also discusses how best to address incivility in practice and offers tips on creating a supportive environment.
The effect of environmental centralisation on productivity: Evidence from an administrative reform in China
Authors: Li Weibing , Yang Yongwen
Published: November 2023

This paper adopts a novel institutional perspective—environmental centralisation—to examine its impact on firm productivity in developing countries. In 2008, China's State Environmental Protection Administration was upgraded to the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP). This administrative reform strengthened the central government's ability to protect the environment, enabling it to address more environmental affairs and concentrate on environmental rights. Based on the quasi‐natural experiment of the establishment of the MEP, this study takes a new perspective on the impact of environmental centralisation on productivity. The difference‐in‐difference‐in‐difference approach is used for the first time to estimate the impact of environmental centralisation on productivity. We find that environmental centralisation caused by the establishment of the MEP significantly increased the productivity of heavily polluting companies, and a series of robustness tests confirm that the results are credible. We identify three possible mechanisms, namely, facilitating innovation, curbing rent‐seeking behaviour and inhibiting over‐investments. The policy implication of this study is that the effectiveness of environmental policy depends not only on the policy itself but also on the allocation of environmental rights among different levels of government.
Seasonal forecast of tropical cyclones in the Southwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: van Vloten Sara O. , Pozo Andrea , Cagigal Laura , Méndez Fernando J.
Published: November 2023

Predictions of tropical cyclone (TC) activity have been a topic of recurrent interest and research in the past. Here we utilize reanalysis datasets of sea surface temperature (SST) and mixed layer depth (MLD) to build a statistical seasonal forecasting model that produces outlooks of expected TC counts in the region of the Southwest Pacific (SWP). Nevertheless, the model applicability can be extended to other regions and basins. A novel TC predictor index is developed at the daily scale and used to obtain an objective classification of synoptic weather patterns. This classification has been performed by clustering the daily index predictor fields, previously transformed into principal components, using a K‐mean algorithm. As a result, 49 daily weather types (DWTs) are presented which inform about the mean representative features and spatial patterns of both predictor and predictand variables. Thus, statistical relationships between TC activity and nonlinear combinations of predictor variables are found to assign daily rates of expected TCs. The cluster‐based model is calibrated from 1982 to 2019 and validated by recent TC season observations, demonstrating the operational application using ensembles of long‐term predictions in the Southwest Pacific. Results have shown which synoptic types of SST and MLD are favourable to cyclogenesis and activity, with additional information related to concurrent sea level pressure and precipitation synoptic patterns, as well as seasonal and interannual climate variability.
Digital mental health agent for youths shows results similar to therapy group
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: November 2023

A study involving adolescents in a Virginia hospital health care system has found that a smartphone‐based mental health intervention was non‐inferior to clinician‐led cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in reducing symptoms of depression. Leaders of the company that developed the digital intervention have called the findings unprecedented and said they bode well for efforts to improve youths' access to care for depression and anxiety.
Consider the Human Element of Pipeline Repair
Authors: Futrell Jennifer
Published: November 2023

The expertise of water utility staff forms the foundation for making successful pipeline repairs—whether planned or unexpected.
Pressure‐Sensing Technology Mitigates Nonrevenue Water Loss
Authors: Strassner Andrew , Loughnane Elizabeth , Henry Michael , Hueth Shane
Published: November 2023

For more than two years, Aqua Pennsylvania has used remote pressure‐sensing technology to identify pressure transients, reduce water main breaks, and mitigate nonrevenue water.
Hierarchical critic learning optimal control for lower limb exoskeleton robots with prescribed constraints
Authors: Sun Yaohui , Hu Jiangping , Peng Zhinan , Ghosh Bijoy K.
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a hierarchical critic learning optimal control (H‐CLOC) strategy for a lower limb exoskeleton system with prescribed state constraints. The prescribed state constraints of the exoskeleton are mathematically modeled by means of a state error transition function, which transforms the constrained state into an equivalent new unconstrained state. A hierarchical framework including a high‐level motion trajectory planner and a low‐level critic learning (CL) controller is proposed for optimal control of the exoskeleton. The estimation of human motion intentions is achieved using dynamic movement primitives (DMPs), which are capable of accurately replicating the original training trajectories during motion. The CL algorithm is implemented on the transformed unconstrained system while enhancing the learning capability of the proposed algorithm for the exoskeleton. The optimal control with prescribed constraints is analyzed for stability using the Lyapunov theorem. Finally, simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed H‐CLOC strategy for lower limb exoskeletons.
Electroanalytical Investigation of 2‐(2‐Methylbenzyl)‐4(7)‐phenyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole, a Novel Benzimidazole Derivative
Authors: Ağın Fatma , Öztürk Gökçe , Doğan İnci S. , Kahveci Bahittin , Kul Dilek
Published: November 2023

Electrochemical analysis of 2‐(2‐methylbenzyl)‐4(7)‐phenyl‐1‐H‐benzo[d]imidazole (MPB), a new benzimidazole derivative with tyrosinase inhibitory effect and antioxidant activity, was performed in this study. The electro‐oxidation behavior of MPB was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV), and square wave voltammetry (SWV) on glassy carbon electrode. The oxidation process of MPB showed an irreversible behavior. The highest peak current was obtained in 0.5 M H2SO4 containing 10 % methanol and used as the supporting electrolyte. As a result of the calibration study, two linear responses in the range of 0.06–1.00 μM and 2.00–100 μM were obtained with a detection limit of 10.4 nM by DPSV. Linearity for SWV was between 0.1 and 10.0 μM with a detection limit of 29.3 nM. Precision of the methods was obtained as relative standard deviation (RSD) and was below 2.0 %. Developed methods were applied for the recovery of MPB from spiked serum samples. Accordingly, recoveries of 100.39 % for DPSV and 100.07 % for SWV were obtained with RSD below 0.48 %. MPB was stable for at least 2 weeks as a result of retaining 97 % of the peak current when stored at +4 °C. Finally, the possible responsible group in MPB oxidation was proposed.
Montmorillonite K10 Clay Accelerated One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Amino‐3,5‐dicarbonitrile‐6‐phenylsulfanylpyridines: Experimental and Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Sharma Pragati , Sinha Pragya
Published: November 2023

2‐Amino‐3,5‐dicarbonitrile‐6‐phenylsulfanylpyridines occupy a prominent place among the physiologically and biologically active scaffolds owing to their therapeutic applications in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, asthma, urinary incontinence, kidney disease, the Hepatitis B infections, Creutzfeldt–Jacob disease, cancer, hypoxia/ischemia and epilepsy. A one‐pot, multicomponent condensation of aldehydes, malononitrile, and thiophenol catalyzed by Montmorillonite K10 clay afforded 2‐amino‐3,5‐dicarbonitrile‐6‐phenylsulfanylpyridines in good to excellent yields. All the products could be well characterized on the basis of spectral studies. The catalyst could be recycled three times without affecting the yields and even in the fourth recycling of the catalyst, the yield decreases marginally. This approach manifests environmentally benign feasibility in contexts of enhanced yields, milder conditions, short reaction times, and reusability of the catalyst. A theoretical study of a synthesized compound at the B3LYP/6–31 + G (d) level is additionally reported. Following the computation of the fundamental vibrational wavenumbers and intensities, it became evident that the observed and calculated wavenumbers were in perfect accord. Employing the same DFT level, Frontier molecular orbital (HOMO‐LUMO) energies, global reactivity descriptors, and molecular electrostatic potential were estimated for assessing the reactivity and possible sites for electrophilic and nucleophilic molecules. The outcomes prove that the compound exhibits significant kinetic stability.
Looking for New [1,2,4,5]Tetrazines to Produce 99mTc‐Labelled Derivatives, with a Suitable Lipophilicity Balance for Use in Bioorthogonal Reactions
Authors: Rodríguez Gonzalo , Fernández Marcelo , Cabrera Mirel , Tassano Marcos , Cabral Pablo , Couto Marcos , Cerecetto Hugo , García. María Fernanda
Published: November 2023

The reaction between [1,2,4,5]tetrazines with trans‐cyclooctene through the cycloaddition process has been described as a powerful tool in bioorthogonal processes. Specifically the diagnostic with fluorescent‐ and radio‐labelled [1,2,4,5]tetrazines and pre‐targeted trans‐cyclooctene modified‐antibody has been used by us for this purpose. Our previously developed 99mTc‐radiolabelled [1,2,4,5]tetrazine‐derivatives porting 6‐hydrazinonicotinyl‐chelator displayed some limitations related to its unappropriated biodisposal. Herein, we explored [1,2,4,5]tetrazines porting other 99mTc‐coordination‐moieties, 1,4,8,11‐tetrazacyclotetradecanyl and diethylenetriaminepentaacetyl, as potential hydrophilic functions. Some of the new modified [1,2,4,5]tetrazines were able to coordinate efficiently the radionuclide generating 99mTc‐counterparts that reacted with trans‐cyclooctene modified‐bevacizumab and recognized cells that overexpress vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Additionally, the in vivo 99mTc‐counterparts‐biodistributions were studied, on the desired organs, and they resulted dependent of lipophilicity.
Large Enhancement of Polarization in a Layered Hybrid Perovskite Ferroelectric Semiconductor via Molecular Engineering
Authors: Wang Na , Ding Ning , Xu Ze‐Jiang , Luo Wang , Li Hua‐Kai , Shi Chao , Ye Heng‐Yun , Dong Shuai , Miao Le‐Ping
Published: November 2023

Switchable spontaneous polarization is the vital property of ferroelectrics, which leads to other key physical properties such as piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, and nonlinear optical effects, etc. Recently, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites with 2D layered structure have become an emerging branch of ferroelectric materials. However, most of the 2D hybrid ferroelectrics own relatively low polarizations (<15 µC cm−2). Here, a strategy to enhance the polarization of these hybrid perovskites by using ortho‐, meta‐, para‐halogen substitution is developed. Based on (benzylammonium)2PbCl4 (BZACL), the para‐chlorine substituted (4‐chlorobenzylammonium)2PbCl4 (4‐CBZACL) ferroelectric semiconductor shows a large spontaneous polarization (23.3 µC cm−2), which is 79% larger than the polarization of BZACL. This large enhancement of polarization is successfully explained via ab initio calculations. The study provides a convenient and efficient strategy to promote the ferroelectric property in the hybrid perovskite family.
The impacts of U.S. right‐to‐work laws on free riding, unionization, and compensation
Authors: Bono‐Lunn Dillan
Published: November 2023

Right‐to‐work (RTW) laws are theorized to precipitate union decline by inducing free riding among union‐covered workers; however, this relationship has not been empirically explored. This paper uses recent policy variation and Current Population Survey (CPS) data to identify the impact of state RTW laws on union status (free riding, membership, and coverage), wages, and benefits among private and public sector workers. Doubly robust difference‐in‐difference estimates suggest RTW laws are associated with substantial increases in free riding, decreases in union membership, and decreases in union coverage. Thus, RTW laws weaken unions through combinations of increased free riding and decreased coverage, though effects vary by state and sector. While RTW laws are not associated with changes in wage differentials, state fixed effects estimates suggest that unions provide some excludable advantages to members in the face of RTW legislation, through higher earnings (union wage premium) and fringe benefits (union benefit premium).
Mechanism for Improving Kesterite Solar Cells Performance via Filed Passivation Effect Induced by V‐Doped MoSe2Interface Layer at Back Interface
Authors: Wang Chunkai , Ma Ding , Li Mengge , Liu Yue , Sun Xiaofei , Sun Yuting , Zhu Yan , Ding Zhanhui , Li Yongfeng , Yao Bin
Published: November 2023

One of the key issues impeding the enhancement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe) solar cells is the severe carrier recombination at CZTSSe/MoSe2back interface, primarily arising from the reverse electric field formed between CZTSSe and n‐type MoSe2produced after selenization. To inhibit recombination at back interface, herein, the MoSe2layer is converted from n‐type to p‐type by V doping in site through reaction of V‐alloyed Mo (Mo:V) back electrode with Se during selenization, and CZTSSe solar cells with p+‐type V‐doped MoSe2(MoSe2:V) interface layer are fabricated. It is found that the PCE of the device rises from 8.34% to 9.63% as back contact changes from soda lime glass (SLG)/Mo/n‐MoSe2to SLG/Mo:V/p+‐MoSe2:V. The quantitative analysis demonstrates that the increased PCE predominantly originated from the decreased reverse saturated current density (J0), followed by the decreased series resistance (RS), and lastly by the increased photogenerated current density (JL). The influence mechanism of the SLG/Mo:V/MoSe2:V back contact on device performance is suggested by studying the properties of Mo:V and MoSe2:V films and CZTSSe/MoSe2:V heterojunction. This work emphasizes the vital significance of the back surface passivation field induced by p+‐MoSe2:V/p‐CZTSSe heterojunction, which is enlightening for optimizing the back contact in kesterite photovoltaics.
Elucidating the morphology and ecology of Eoandromeda octobrachiata from the Ediacaran of South Australia
Authors: Botha Tory L. , Sherratt Emma , Droser Mary L. , Gehling Jim G. , García‐Bellido Diego C.
Published: November 2023

Eoandromeda octobrachiata is a poorly understood Ediacaran organism, with spiral octoradial arms, found in South Australia and South China. The informal Nilpena member of the Rawnsley Quartzite, Flinders Ranges in South Australia preserves more than 200 specimens of Eoandromeda. Here we use the novel application of rotational geometric morphometrics together with palaeoenvironmental information to provide a better insight into their palaeobiology and ecology, and to address conflicting hypotheses regarding mode of life and taxonomic affinity. We find that Eoandromeda probably had a radially symmetrical shape in life, was cone shaped and had a high relief off the microbial mat. Analysis of the symmetric and asymmetric shape components showed that they deform strongly in the direction of palaeocurrent, therefore they are thought to be made of a flexible material. Almost all specimens are compressed flat. Specimens that appear to have not fully collapsed support the idea that Eoandromeda was probably cone shaped and suggest that they possibly collapsed spirally. Our shape analysis, along with observed morphological features, support a benthic rather than pelagic mode of life. Morphological and ecological inconsistencies do not fully support the hypothesis of a Ctenophora taxonomic affinity.
Establishment and application of a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification−lateral flow dipstick (LAMP–LFD) method for detecting Clostridium piliforme
Authors: Tao Junhao , Yan Huiqiong , Chen Sisi , Du Jiangtao , Zhou Shasang , Guo Honggang , Lu Lingqun , Fang Jie , Jin Xiaoyin , Wang Zhiyuan , Ying Huazhong , Han Wei , Dai Fangwei
Published: November 2023

Background

Clostridium piliforme (causative agent of Tyzzer disease) infects various animals, including primates, and hence a threat to animal and human health worldwide. At present, it is detected using traditional methods, such as path morphology, polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Therefore, it is necessary to develop convenient, efficient visual molecular biological methods for detecting C. piliforme.

Objectives

To establish a method with good specificity, high sensitivity and simple operation for the detection of C. piliforme.

Methods

In this study, we designed internal and external primers based on the conserved 23S rRNA region of C. piliforme to develop a biotin‐labelled diarrhoea‐suffered loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) system for detecting of C. piliforme and assessed the specificity, sensitivity and repeatability of the LAMP system.

Results

The LAMP system did not exhibit cross‐reactivity with 24 other common pathogenic species, indicating that it had good specificity. The minimum concentration of sensitivity was 1 × 10−7 ng/μL. Mouse models (Meriones unguiculatus) of Tyzzer disease were established and a LAMP−lateral flow dipstick (LAMP–LFD) was developed for detecting C. piliforme. The detection rate of C. piliforme was 5.08% in clean‐grade animals and 9.96% in specific‐pathogen‐free‐grade animals from Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. In addition, the detection rates of C. piliforme were 10.1%, 8.6% and 20%, in animals from Hangzhou, Wenzhou and Shaoxing, respectively. The detection rate of C. piliforme was higher in experimental animals used in schools than in those used in companies and research institutes.

Conclusions

The LAMP–LFD method established in this study can be used to detect C. piliforme in animals handled in laboratory facilities of universities, pharmaceutical enterprises and research and development institutions.
A note on defect Mellin amplitudes
Authors: Goncalves Vasco , Itsios Georgios
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We generalize the Mellin representation for a generic co-dimension flat defect CFT. We study the analytic structure of the Mellin amplitudes. We also compute Witten diagrams for a generic co-dimension flat defect CFT.
Wilson loop correlators at strong coupling in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 quiver gauge theories
Authors: Pini Alessandro , Vallarino Paolo
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We consider 4-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal quiver theories with SU(N)M gauge group and bi-fundamental matter and we evaluate correlation functions of n coincident Wilson loops in the planar limit of the theory. Exploiting specific untwisted/twisted combinations of these operators and using supersymmetric localization, we are able to resum the whole perturbative expansion and find exact expressions for these correlators that are valid for all values of the ’t Hooft coupling. Moreover, we analytically derive the leading strong coupling behaviour of the correlators, showing that they obey a remarkable simple rule. Our analysis is complemented by numerical checks based on a Padé resummation of the perturbative series.
The chiral condensate of Nf = 2 + 1 QCD from the spectrum of the staggered Dirac operator
Authors: Bonanno Claudio , D’Angelo Francesco , D’Elia Massimo
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We compute the chiral condensate of 2 + 1 QCD from the mode number of the staggered Dirac operator, performing controlled extrapolations to both the continuum and the chiral limit. We consider also alternative strategies, based on the quark mass dependence of the topological susceptibility and of the pion mass, and obtain consistent results within errors. Results are also consistent with phenomenological expectations and with previous numerical determinations obtained with different lattice discretizations.
Gesundheitsbezogene Versorgungsforschung im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: De Bock Freia , Borusiak Peter , Inhestern Laura , Thyen Ute
Published: November 2023

Hintergrund

Die Versorgungsforschung (VF) für die Zielgruppe Kinder und Jugendliche ist ein junges, sich aber dynamisch entwickelndes Forschungsfeld in Deutschland. Versorgungsforschung hat eine hohe Relevanz für eine rationale, qualitativ hochwertige und gerechte Gesundheitsversorgung.

Ziel der Arbeit

In dieser Übersicht werden spezifische inhaltliche und methodische Anforderungen an die VF im Kindes- und Jugendalter beschrieben. Anhand von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit besonderem (sozialpädiatrischem) Versorgungsbedarf werden die Komplexität der Versorgungsprozesse und -strukturen sowie mögliche Ansätze für bedarfs- und zukunftsgerichtete Versorgungsmodelle aufgezeigt.

Material und Methoden

Neben einer Literaturrecherche werden spezifische Informationen aus der Fachgruppe (FG) Kinder und Jugendliche im Deutschen Netzwerk Versorgungsforschung (DNVF) und Daten aus einem sozialpädiatrischen Verbundprojekt genutzt.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Für die VF im Kindes- und Jugendalter bestehen im Vergleich zu VF bei Erwachsenen Herausforderungen, die v. a. mit der fortdauernden Entwicklung im Kindesalter, dem Eingebettetsein in die Familie, der großen Bedeutung von alltäglichen Lebenswelten sowie der Zuständigkeit von Akteuren unterschiedlicher Disziplinen und Systeme verbunden ist. Die VF kann wichtige Beiträge zu einer rationalen Gesundheitspolitik für Kinder und Jugendliche liefern und sollte vermehrt auch von Kinderärzt:innen als alternatives Forschungsfeld bearbeitet werden. Förderpolitiken sollten Nachhaltigkeit, langfristige Beobachtungszeiten und Beteiligung der Zielgruppe an der Ausgestaltung von Förderlinien besonders berücksichtigen.
MiR-150-5p contributes to unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion by targeting VEGFA and downregulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Liao Wenyan , Deng Xin , Chen Guodong , Yang Juanli , Li Yi , Li Li , Zhong Lili , Tao Guangwei , Hou Jiafeng , Li Mujun , Ding Chengming
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the function of miR-150-5p in URSA.

Method

Twenty-six chorionic villous tissues were collected to examine the expression of miR-150-5p and VEGFA by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot assay, respectively. Transwell assay was conducted to assess the migration and invasion ability of trophoblast cells. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was applied to determine the relationship between miR-150-5p and VEGFA in vitro. Relevant signaling pathway protein expression level was measured via western blot assay. Signaling transduction inhibitor LY294002 was used to block PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Finally, in vivo the effect of miR-150-5p on embryonic absorption rate was evaluated in mice.

Results

Clinical samples revealed that miR-150-5p expression was significantly elevated in the villous tissues and serum of URSA patients. Moreover, the overexpressing of miR-150-5p could inhibit both HTR-8/SVneo cell and JAR cell migration, invasion, and restrained PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by targeting VEGFA in vitro. This inhibitory effect of miR-150-5p could be reversed by overexpressing the gene of vascular epithelial growth factor A (VEGFA). In contrary, inhibition of miR-150-5p significantly enhanced migration, invasion ability of both HTR-8/SVneo and JAR cells, and also could stimulate PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. This promoting effect of miR-150-5p could be ameliorated by LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor). Finally, after miR-150-5p overexpression in vivo, the embryo resorption rate in pregnant mice was increased significantly.

Conclusions

Overall, these findings imply that miR-150-5p is among the key factors that regulate the pathogenesis of URSA.