bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pseudomorfismo
Authors: Chaves Mario Luiz Sá Carneiro , Fagundes Mariana , Brandão Paulo
Published: May 2023

Introdução. O pseudomorfismo consiste na substituição de uma espécie mineral por outra, podendo ser essa substituição parcial ou total, ou somente o recobrimento de um mineral com posterior remoção do material original. O principal fator preponderante é a manutenção da forma do mineral original, não tendo o mineral “substituto” qualquer necessidade de possuir a mesma estruturação atômica do seu predecessor. Objetivo e Metodologia. Para bem explicar o fenômeno, foram estudados casos típicos, embora distintos, de ocorrências de pseudomorfismo em quatro diferentes localidades brasileiras: (1) micropertita-nefelina-analcima sobre leucita (pseudoleucita), (2) quartzo sobre anidrita, (3) minerais de terras raras sobre parisita-(La), e (4) rutilo sobre anatásio. Resultados. Todos os minerais foram analisados por difratômetro de raios-X (DRX); a parisita-(La) e minerais paragenéticos também com MEV/EDS e microssonda eletrônica. Conclusão. Acredita-se que a descrição pormenorizada de casos distintos de pseudomorfismo, com base em amostras típicas brasileiras, possa servir como material didático esclarecedor para o fenômeno retratado.
Simulasi Numerik Model Arus Lalu Lintas dengan Pengaruh Kepadatan Kendaraan dan Kondisi Jalan
Authors: Nashrul Millah
Published: May 2023

Traffic jams are common in developing countries. This is generally caused by traffic density, road conditions, and the driver's personality. This phenomenon can be simulated using a mathematical model, allowing it to be seen how these factors affect traffic conditions. The goal of this study is to simulate the effect of traffic density and road conditions using the Lighthill-Whitham-Richard (LWR) model. This model is used to describe macroscopic traffic flow conditions, which are affected by traffic density and speed. The Greenshield model with the influence of road condition parameters added is used for the speed. In numerical solutions, the Upwind method is used to evaluate midpoint values. The simulation results demonstrate the model's ability to describe traffic conditions that are affected by traffic density and road conditions. The level of traffic density is inversely proportional to road conditions and traffic speed.
Holding Capacity of Suction Anchor in Cohesive Soils based on Soil-Spring Model
Authors: Kwon Osoon , Park Haeyong , Kang Hyoun , Oh Myounghak
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a soil-spring model was applied to evaluate the holding capacity according to the loading position of the suction anchor. The API(2010) method, which is mainly applied to small-diameter piles, the PISA(2015) method, which recently introduced research results in offshore wind power design, and the Jeanjean(2009) method, which was presented as a model suitable for large-diameter piles in cohesive soil, were analyzed. A comparative review of the finite element analysis(ALE) was applied was performed for the conditions. A procedure for calculating the holding capacities for each loading position of the suction anchor was established using the soil-spring model, and it was confirmed that it was a method that could be used practically. When the soil-spring model of Jeanjean(2009) was applied, the results (5~10%) most similar to the FEM(ALE) analysis results in tendency and holding capacity could be obtained.
Fundamental Study on the Application of Oyster Shell as an Aggregate for Concrete in Coastal/Marine Structures
Authors: Kang Choonghyun , Hong Sungnam , Seo Seung-Chul , Lee Woo-Dong
Published: May 2023

This study uses oyster shells as an aggregate substitute for marine concrete structures. The initial strength of concrete according to the proper particle size composition of the crushed oyster shell was experimentally analyzed. The particle size of the crushed oyster shell obtained through the shredder is out of the range of general aggregates' standard particle size curve because the ratio of 5 mm or less exceeds 50%. It was confirmed that if less than 5 mm was left abroad, it was within the range of the standard particle size curve, and only these were applied as thick aggregate substitutes. The crushed oyster shells impair workability due to their relatively high absorption rate. This study attempted to overcome poor workability by using two methods: using the crushed oyster shells in a saturated-surface-dry (SSD) state and adding an air entraining agent (AE). The SSD case showed that the slump increased, but the strength decreased by about 40%. The AE added case showed a slight decrease in strength while the slump more than doubled.
Mapa de Risco à Erosão Costeira e Movimentos Gravitacionais de Massa no Litoral Oriental do Nordeste do Brasil: Estudo de Caso na Praia de Pipa/RN
Authors: Juvino da Silva Luana Raquel , Amaro Venerando Eustáquio , Scudelari Ada Cristina , De Santana Gomes Pinheiro Lívian Rafaely
Published: May 2023

A orla marítima oriental do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (RN) possui domínio de falésias ativas da Formação Barreiras e praias arenosas, interceptadas por desembocaduras de laguna, rios e estuários. Neste contexto geológico-geomorfológico localiza-se a Praia de Pipa, no Município de Tibau do Sul, onde as atividades socioeconômicas estão fortemente baseadas no turismo. Submetido à intensa dinâmica costeira, desastres tem ocorrido devido ao inadequado uso e ocupação do solo e às decisões embasadas em políticas públicas ineficazes. Este estudo apresenta o mapa de risco à erosão costeira e movimentos gravitacionais de massa para o trecho urbano da praia de Pipa realizado por meio da análise integrada em ambiente de Sistema de Informações Geográficas de dados espaciais do meio físico, pluviométricos, reanálises do regime de ondas e infraestruturas instaladas inadequadamente. Os resultados mostraram o domínio de setores categorizados em risco alto (R3), risco muito alto (R4) e pontos de risco de desastres iminentes, confirmados em visitas a campo. O mapa de risco forneceu compreensão da sinergia entre os processos continentais e marinhos, atuantes na retração da linha de costa, e, subsídios para o planejamento e controle ambiental costeiro, em tomadas de decisões referentes a intervenções adequadas para a redução de desastres.
Efektivitas Pendidikan Kesehatan terhadap Pengetahuan Pencegahan COVID 19 pada Anaka Usia Sekolah
Authors: Rahmatika Salisa Ashanita , Wisanti Eka , Rosita Riau
Published: May 2023

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease and extremely risky for a group of children. The increased number of COVID-19 incidences among children is a consequence of a relatively low number of Covid-19 examinations among them, while children have more opportunities to play outside the home without any protection of the health protocols. It is necessary to advance children’s knowledge by providing health education using video education.

 This study aimed to determine the effects of providing COVID-19 prevention health education using video on the school-age children knowledge.

 This research was a quantitative study with a pre-experimental design using a control group approach. Totally 60 respondents selected by a consecutive sampling technique were invited into the study.

 Mann Whitney correlation test results revealed a p-value of 0,001, which means that health education using video effectively increased school-age children knowledge about COVID-19 prevention. This findings suggest health services provider to use video education for other children in schools.

 Video media health education effectively increases children’s knowledge about COVID-19 prevention among school-aged children.
Elderly Perceptions about Covid-19 Vaccination
Authors: Kamaluddin Ridlwan , Rahayu Eva
Published: May 2023

Background: The elderly are one of the groups vulnerable to disasters, especially the Covid-19 pandemic. Prevention of Covid-19 in the elderly can be increased through vaccination and health promotion efforts. The achievement of COVID-19 vaccination for the elderly is still in the low category and far from expectations. It is possible that the elderly's perception of the covid vaccination can influence the behavior of the elderly in making decisions to take the Covid-19 vaccine. Aim: To identify the elderly's perception of the covid-19 vaccination. Method: The method used in this research is a quantitative descriptive study.. Sampling was carried out using the total sampling technique Data collected using research instruments in the form of questionnaires developed from the Health Belief Model theory. Results: Based on the perception component of the HMB,majority of all perceptions showed moderate results. A perceived vulnerability level of 77.5%, a perceived seriousness of 70.15%, a perceived benefit of 75%, a perception of self-efficacy 83.8% and a cues to act 78.3%, and the majority of perceptions of barriers that are lacking are 75.8%. Conclusion: The majority of elderly’s perception showed moderate results.
U.S. Economic Diplomacy towards Japan in Resolving Beef Tariff Barriers
Authors: Gabriella Andrea Gladys , Darmastuti Shanti , Astuti Wiwiek Rukmi Dwi
Published: May 2023

The United States (US) is one of beef exporting countries in Japan. The high level of demand for beef in Japan was followed by a decrease in the volume of US beef from Japan during 2017-2020 period caused by import barriers in the form of tariffs faced by US beef. These tariff barriers arise because the US does not have a trade agreement with Japan. This study aims to discuss the efforts made by the US through negotiating tariff barriers with Japan regarding beef exports. This study uses the concepts of economic diplomacy and trade theory as the basis for research analysis. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with data collection through documentation study. The results of this study indicate that the US effort in negotiating tariff barriers with Japan is to form a bilateral trade agreement, namely the US-Japan Trade Agreement (USJTA) which uses the stages of decision-making in economic diplomacy in its formation. Through this effort, the US successfully lowered its beef import tariffs in Japan and leveled its beef competitive level with the CPTPP member countries. In the formation of the USJTA, various actors are involved, both state and non-state actors. Efforts to negotiate tariff barriers on beef exports by the US and Japan succeeded in increasing US beef exports after the establishment of the USJTA began to be implemented on January 1, 2020.

Keywords: economic diplomacy, export, tariff barriers, United States
Humanitarian Action of United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) in Jayapura During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Renyoet Claudia Conchita , Dwi Suryanti Made Selly , Muttaqin M Zaenul
Published: May 2023

The issue of humanitarianism in international relations is a vital topic to probe deeper. Activist groups, individuals, and institutionalized groups or organizations, such as the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), have been carrying out humanitarian actions in Papua. UNICEF has been around for a long time in Papua, running several programs, including children's education program in Papua. However, education in Papua remains relatively low due to high rates of illiteracy and school dropouts, and poor literacy. This research explains that international organizations working in the humanitarian field can carry out the basic principles of humanitarianism, specifically, how UNICEF's programs adhere to these principles during the Covid-19 era. Direct interviews and secondary data collection were conducted in this qualitative descriptive research. The results show that UNICEF, as an international humanitarian organization, managed to uphold four basic principles in carrying out its role, particularly in improving the quality of education in Jayapura City. However, the Covid-19 pandemic has posed such obstacles to UNICEF related to donors, program implementation, and personnel that the practiced humanitarian principles became blurred and somewhat questionable. While the best practice promotes faithful adherence to the basic principles of humanity, it is undeniable that almost all organizations cannot exist without assistance from third parties which would ignore the principle of impartiality.

Keywords: Covid-19, education, humanitarianism, Jayapura, UNICEF
Analyzing the Rationality of Ethiopia in Dealing with China’s Support in Infrastructure Development
Authors: Hairisa Ahda Ayudia , Farid Muhammad
Published: May 2023

This article analyzes the rationality of Ethiopia in cooperating with China in restoring the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway project using rational choice theory in foreign policy making. Despite having several alternative ports and other parties to support the project, Ethiopia has chosen the fund from China to support its railway project. The similarity between China and Ethiopia regarding political values is one of the factors in choosing China to work with. The Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) seems to be unapproachable by Western political values that are influenced by the internal condition of the state and tend to emphasize democracy. Therefore, it tends to work with China. Other than that, depending on Djibouti’s port as the most viable seaport in the region to access the sea as a landlocked country has driven Ethiopia to restore the railway as quickly as possible. By considering the Chinese loan system, which did not have many qualifications to lend money, Ethiopia could quickly restore the railway and not miss out on the opportunity to grow its trade through developing its infrastructure.

Keywords: African infrastructure development, China’s loan, China in Africa, rational choice
Handling Child Labor Problems in Indonesia: Post PROMOTE-ILO Project
Authors: Wulansari Anggita , Taufik Taufik , Oktavian Alif
Published: May 2023

The practice of child labor is included in the form of violations of human rights so that it requires special attention and is handled seriously. The ILO as an international organization with a focus on child labor issues in the world certainly plays an important role in dealing with phenomena related to child labor, not only on a global scale but also on a national scale of its member countries, including Indonesia. This article aims to find out how the role of the ILO in dealing with the problem of child labor in Indonesia (2017-2021) uses Clive Archer's theory of the role of international organizations as an analytical tool. The method used is a qualitative method and is explained through descriptive analysis. The results of this study explain that in dealing with child labor in Indonesia, the ILO has acted as an instrument, an arena, and an actor. Through these three roles, the ILO has been able to carry out its role quite effectively so that the practice of child labor in Indonesia can be minimized.

Keywords: child labor, Indonesia, International Labor Organization (ILO), the role of international organizations
Growth Performance of On-Farm Male Fattening Bali Cattle Fed with Fodder Obtained from Dry Land Farming Diversification in West Timor
Authors: Maranatha Grace , Pellokila Marthen R , Manu Arnold E , Sobang Yohanis Umbu L , Nulik Jacob , Samaba Fredeicus Dedy
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of feeding fodder obtained from diversified dry land farming on daily weight gain, chest girth, shoulder height, and body length of male fattening Bali cattle. This study used a double Latin square design (LSD) with 4 treatments, namely T0 = local feed of farmers in Timor (farmer model). T1 = Diversified farm feed (T1 + mulato grass), T2 = T1 + legume Clitoria tarnatea, T3 = T2 + horticulture by-product using 4 periods as replicates. The livestock observed were eight male Bali cattle aged eight months to one year and weighed 97-121 kg (average 108.5 kg). The results showed that the feeding fodder obtained from the diversified farming had a significant effect (P<0.05) on daily body weight gain but not significant (P>0.05) on the linear body size measurements (chest girth, shoulder height, and body length). Considering the economical and convenient features, T2 feed treatment provided a greater contribution of 21.74% compared to control.
Strategies for Increasing the Productivity of Goat Farming Business in the Era of Industry 4.0 in Banyumas District
Authors: Muatip Krismiwati , Setianto Novie Andri , Sodiq Akhmad , Widiyanti Rahayu , Priyana Fajar
Published: May 2023

The development of goat breeding business needs to be done so that the business can compete in the era of industrial 4.0. The study aims to formulate the strategy to increase productivity in goat breeding business on the 4.0 industry era. The study used survey methods. Determination of the sample was done using stratified random sampling that took the region based on high land, moderate and low land. Then, on each level was taken by criteria of number of goats and the dominant species. Number of sample was determined using Nomogram Harry King and the total respondents was 322 farmers. The analysis used was Causal Loop Diagram modeling and Qualitative Descriptive. The results show that to increase the productivity of goat breeders can be done with optimize Information and Communication Technology (ITC) in production factors, utilization management system application and the inovation of feed technology, optimize smartphone as promotion and trading tools, share the information via social media, supply of information service based on website or application and transformation of extension to virtual extension.
HUBUNGAN DISCHARGE PLANNING DENGAN KESIAPAN PULANG PADA KELUARGA PASIEN STROKE
Authors: Putri Anisa Nabila , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: May 2023

Discharge Planning merupakan rangkaian proses perawatan yang dimulai dari pasien masuk ke rumah sakit sampai pasien pulang ke rumah yang bertujuan untuk proses penyembuhan dan meningkatkan derajat kesehatan pasien. Pelaksanaan discharge planning sangat diprioritaskan untuk pasien stroke, karena stroke biasanya terjadi dalam jangka waktu panjang dan berulang. Kesiapan pasien stroke pulang sangat bergantung pada kesiapan keluarga dalam perawatan pasien setelah pulang ke rumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan discharge planning dengan kesiapan pulang keluarga pasien stroke di Unit Stroke RSUD Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian Correlational Study dengan teknik pengambilan sampel Total Sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 26 responden. Analisis yang digunakan adalah Spearman Rank Order Correlation. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pelaksanaan discharge planning dengan kesiapan pulang keluarga pasien stroke di Unit Stroke RSUD Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu dengan p value = 0,000 dan coefficient correlation = 0,810. Pelaksanaan discharge planning yang baik dapat meningkatkan kesiapan pulang kelurga pasien.
PREVALENCE OF (Aspergillus niger) IN OTOMYCOSIS AT PROF. DR. MARGONO SOEKARJO HOSPITAL
Authors: Victoria Dinda , Puspita Karunia Ning Widhi Anriani , Anton Budhi Darmawan
Published: May 2023

Otomycosis is a chronic fungal infection with high prevalence. Environmental factors dan predisposing factors can influence a patient’s vulnerability to otomycosis. According to studies conducted in several country, Aspergillus niger is the common fungus that causes otomycosis. This study aims to determine the prevalence of Aspergillus niger in patients at Prof. dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital, who was clinically diagnosed with otomycosis. The study was done at the ENT Poly of Prof. dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital and Microbiology Laboratory of Medicine Faculty, Jenderal Soedirman University between August 2022 to Januari 2023 as a descriptive observational study. According to the inclusion criteria, there were 42 subjects and 46 samples that ENT specialists carried out with sterile flocked swabs, the isolated the samples bedside on SDA Chloramphenicol, Czapek Dox agar, and object glass. Samples were observed macroscopically and microscopically with 10% KOH and LPCB staining. Patients with Aspergillus niger infection in otomycosis at Prof. dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital , are represented by nine (19,56%) out of the 46 samples. The gender with the highest sex precentage is female (55,56%), folllowed by the age range of 26 – 35 years (44,45%). The prevalence of Aspergillus niger as a cause of otomycosis in Prof. dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital  is 19,56%, the most in females and the age group 26 – 35 years.
PERBANDINGAN BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT YOGHURT SINGLE DAN DOUBLE STRAIN DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN Shigella dysenteriae
Authors: Prihandini Bella Khoirunisa , Widhi Anriani Puspita Karunia Ning , Roestijawati Nendyah
Published: May 2023

Dysentery is an infectious intestinal disease characterized by the appearance of blood in the stool. One of the prevention efforts is consuming fermented milk as yogurt. Yoghurt is a fermented milk using lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB used as single strains of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and double strains of S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus. The purpose of this study was to determine the ratio of LAB of single strain and double strain yoghurt in inhibiting the growth of Shigella dysenteriae by calculating the inhibition zone formed. This research used experimental design method with postest only with control group design. This study uses well diffusion. The total sample was 15, divided into 5 groups with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, dan 80% concentration respectively as controls. The experimental design in this study used the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method. Data analysis used Kruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney Post Hoc test. The results show that the average diameter of the LAB inhibition zone for double strains of S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus > single strain L. blugaricus > S. thermophilus. In the Kruskal Wallis test, the p value was obtained = 0.002, it was found that the difference between the treated and untreated groups was obtained. The test results found a significant difference in the median inhibition zone diameter between groups. The conclusion of this study shows that the LAB double strains of S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus are better at inhibiting growth S. dysenteriae compared to LAB single strains of L. bulgaricus or S. thermophilus yoghurt.
POTENTIAL COMPOUND EXTRACT FROM POTENTIAL COMPOUND EXTRACT FROM Carica pubescens ON GINGIVA INCISION WOUND HEALING: Through Proliferation, Differentiation and Immunoresponse Mechanisms
Authors: Az-Zahra Salwa , Hidayah Sabrina Aulia Nurul , Aini Septina Nur , Yuniarni Aprillya , Visanda Annisa Sukma , Devy Asyyfa , Hesantera Amalia Putri , Siregar Raja Ronaldo , Basar Dicky Satria Ramadhan , Widyaningsih Pratiwi Nur , Purnama Ryana Budi , Wardana Tirta
Published: May 2023

Luka menyebabkan gangguan struktur normal, sehingga penyembuhan luka dibutuhkan untuk perbaikan struktur sel dan jaringan. Beberapa sitokin dan growth factor yang memiliki peran penting pada proses penyembuhan luka diantaranya PDGF, FGF, TGF-β, VEGF, Angiopoetin, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, makrofag yang diproduksi oleh limfosit dan leukosit pada tahap sintetis kolagen. Daun papaya (Carica pubescens) diketahui memiliki kandungan flavonoid terdiri seperti apigenin, chyrsin, diosmetin, kaempferol, luteolin, naringenin dan quercetin yang berperan dalam meninkatkan ekspresi IL-10 untuk penyembuhan luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa dari Senyawa flavonoid Carica pubescens untuk meningkatkan kinerja IL-10. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan bioinformatika menggunakan software web online server. Pencarian senyawa potensial didapatkan dari https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, senyawa kimia menggunakan http://www.pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ dengan struktur 3D. analisis prediksi bioaktivitas menggunakan http://stitch.embl.de/ dengan nilai indicator lebih dari 0.7 (Pa>0.7). Analisis ikatan kimia menggunakan http://stitch.embl.de/ dan http://string-db.org/. Analisis secara in silico menunjukkan bahwa senyawa kaemfrerol memiliki potensi meningkatkan kadar IL-10. Ditambah lagi, kami menemukan beberapa kandungan senyawa lainya yang berhubungan dengan penyembuhan luka seperti rutin, peroxynitrite, iloprost, quercetin. Pada penelitian ini, kami menyimpulkan bahwa senyawa kaempferol memiliki potensi sebagai alternative dalam pengembangan terapi untuk mempercepat penyembuhan luka.
ACTINOMYCETES AS A SOURCE OF POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIBIOFILM AGENTS
Authors: Setiawati Setiawati , Yusan Rizak Tiara
Published: May 2023

Actinomycetes are Gram-positive bacteria, anaerobic or facultative with a fungal-like morphology, widely distributed in both waters and land. Actinomycetes are bacteria with the largest taxonomic unit with diverse phyla diversity related to morphology, physiology, and metabolic ability. Actinomycetes have been known to have many benefits in medicine, including antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, and anticancer. The content of secondary metabolites produced by actinomycetes varies widely. Actinomycetes contain active compounds from the polyene, terpenoid, phenolic, polyketide, phenazine, piperazine, and non-polyene groups, which have been shown to have antibacterial, antifungal, and antibiofilm activities. Streptomycetes known produce most of the antibiotics. Many compounds have been isolated from actinomycetes have antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. It can be developed for further research because there are no antibiofilm candidate drugs from actinomycetes that the FDA approved until now. This paper discusses the active compounds isolated from actinomycetes which have antibacterial, antifungal, and antibiofilm activities, and their mechanism of action.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEENAGE GIRL ABOUT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND ATTITUDE OF DISMENORRHOEA IN SMA NEGERI 1 PURBALINGGA STUDENTS
Authors: Pramono Wisnu Budi , Dwi Cahyono Iwan , Saad Nursan
Published: May 2023

Menstrual pain (dysmenorrhoea) is the term for pain during menstruation. As many as 16% of women who experience dysmenorrhoea cannot be treated with analgesic medicine and require work breaks. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between adolescent knowledge about reproductive health and attitudes towards dysmenorrhoea at SMA Negeri 1 Purbalingga. This research was a non-experimental descriptive survey with a cross-sectional design. The sample of this research was 68 female students of class X to XII SMA N 1 Purbalingga which were taken by a simple random sampling technique. The analysis technique used was univariate and bivariate analysis (product moment correlation test) with the help of the SPSS for windows release 11.0 program. Knowledge of teenage girl about reproductive health at SMA Negeri 1 Purbalingga in the good category 26 students (38.2%), 40 students (58.8%) quite good, 1 student (1.5%) not good, and 1 student very poor (1.5%). Attitude towards dysmenorrhoea was mostly in the unfavorable category of 39 female students (57.4%), 24 female students (35.3%) quite good, and 5 female students very poor (7.4%). There is a significant relationship (rcount > rtable) between adolescents' knowledge of reproductive health and attitudes towards dysmenorrhoea with an rcount of 0.408 and it is in the medium category. The conclusion that can be drawn is that there is a significant relationship between young women's knowledge of reproductive health and attitudes towards dysmenorrhea.
Authors: Kinasih Amanah Sekar , Ernawati Dwi Arini , Setyanto Muhamad Rifqy
Published: May 2023

Retinopathy Diabetic is one of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus’s microvascular complications. Retinopathy diabetics is the 5th disease that causes vision impairment the most worldwide. One of the risk factors of retinopathy diabetics is triglycerides. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is ranked as the 4th most occurring disease at Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama (FKTP) Klinik Tanjung Purwokerto. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between triglycerides and retinopathy diabetics in Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama (FKTP) Klinik Tanjung Purwokerto. This research was an observational analytic study using a cross sectional approach. The sample of this study was 34 patient type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at PROLANIS FKTP Klinik Tanjung purwokerto, using consecutive sampling technique. Collected data for triglyceride variables was by blood laboratory test, while data for retinopathy diabetics was by diagnosis of the ophthalmologist. Chi-Square 2x2 is used to analyze the hypothesis. The result of bivariate analysis between triglyceride and retinopati diabetics using Chi-Square 2x2 test showed p value: 0,09. This shows insignificant relationship between triglycerides and retinopathy diabetics at Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama (FKTP) Klinik Tanjung Purwokerto.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF EGGPLANT ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT (Solanum melongena L.) AGAINST Escherichia coli
Authors: Handayani Mira Syafira , Setiawati Setiawati , Krisniawati Nia , Sutrisna Eman
Published: May 2023

Purple eggplant have methanol, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins compounds which have potential as antibacterial. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the germs that cause various kinds of infections and currently many are reported to have experienced resistance to a number of conventional antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to explore the antibacterial activity of purple eggplant ethyl acetate extract against Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. This research is an experimental study using the microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the spread-plate method to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). This study used various doses of purple eggplant ethyl acetate extract (5-40 mg/mL) as the treatment group and the control group that was not given purple eggplant ethyl acetate extract. Purple eggplant ethyl acetate extract has a MIC value of 20 mg/mL and a MIC value of 20 mg/mL. The percentage of inhibition of purple eggplant ethyl acetate extract against E. coli bacteria was greater with the higher concentration used. Purple eggplant ethyl acetate extract has potential as a antibacterial against E. coli
IMPACT OF STRUCTURED ORAL EXAMINATION ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN FACULTY OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN
Authors: Ferine Miko , Nauvalina Rizkia , Lestari Diyah Woro Dwi
Published: May 2023

The oral examination is one of the traditional assessment methods which is considered to have low validity and reliability. However, several medical schools in Indonesia use structured oral examination as a part of the assessment systems, such as faculty of medicine Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. Structured oral examination is expected to have positive impact on student learning motivation. This research was conducted to explore students’ perception on the impact of structured oral examination on their learning.  The research was a qualitative research with phenomenology approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with 5 students who were selected based on different gender and year of study. The results of this research indicated that students were motivated to learn better for structured oral examination since they had to face the examiner directly, they should understand the learning material in order to be able to do the examination and they must present the answers in a structured manner so that the examiner understood them. The issue of subjectivity became one of the triggers for students to study better. The methods used by students in preparing for structured oral examination were attending lectures and group discussions well, studying in groups and using audiovisual media to increase understanding. The negative impact of structured oral examination was the anxiety that arouse when students were about to take the examination. The large number of possible materials to be tested caused students to lose their focus on learning. Students realized that they should have good preparation to take the structured oral examination. Based on the results, it could be concluded that structured oral examination had a more positive impact than negative impact on student learning process. 

Keywords: learning impact, medical education, oral examination, structured oral examination
SPASIAL DISTRIBUTION OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY AND DESCRIPTION OF WATER-RELATED DISEASES IN BRINGKENG VILLAGE, KAWUNGANTEN DISTRICT, CILACAP REGENCY
Authors: Munfiah Siti , Mardihusodo Hajid Rahmadianto , Wardana Tirta , Wibowo Yudhi , Mulyanto Joko
Published: May 2023

Access to clean water is fundamental for the population health, but for many rural and remote areas in Indonesia include Cilacap Regency those accesses are still limited. Furthermore, studies that assess the water quality in remote and rural areas in Indonesia are still lacking. Most of the people in Cilacap regency use dug wells and ponds as sources of clean water. Preliminary observations indicate that well and pond water smells fishy, reddish-yellow, or brownish. This condition indicates high iron levels. The test results showed that the iron content exceeded the standard in the pond in Sumbereja Hamlet, RT 03 RW 02, which was 9.8 mg/l (standard quality of 1 mg/l). This study aims to determine the spatial distribution of the water quality and the health-related problems in the rural areas of Cilacap Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. This was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional approach. We purposely sampled 40 wells and ponds located in Bringkeng Village, Cilacap Regency, Indonesia and assess the water quality by measuring the level. The results showed the lowest and the highest level of TDS (125.90-5090 mg/l), color (40 -2047 TCU), iron (0.16-6.45 mg/l), manganese (<0.1- 3.61 mg/l). Health problems experienced by respondents and or their families during the last three months, namely 3 people with diarrhea, 7 people with diabetes, 12 people with gout arthritis, 10 people with hypertension, 1 person with nervous system disorders, and 7 people with dry skin disorders/scaly. All dug wells and ponds did not meet the quality standards based on TDS, color, iron, and manganese levels. Water from dug wells and ponds needs special treatment to obtain water that is suitable for hygiene and sanitation purposes.
A CASE REPORT: TRANSFORMATION OF ERYTHRODERMIC PSORIASIS TO CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA
Authors: Putranti Ismiralda Oke , Rahardjo Amelia B , Primanita Citra , Karsono Lilik , Widikusumo Arundito
Published: May 2023

Background: Erythrodermic psoriasis (EP) is a severe type of psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by general erythematous condition with thick scale all around the body. The treatment of EP consists systemic medications like cyclosporine or methotrexate and biologic agents, which lately suggested related to the development of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) in severe psoriasis patients.

Case Report: A 45-year old, Javanese male was diagnosed previously with EP that transformed to CTCL. His previous history, he was histologically confirmed as psoriasis vulgaris since 2014 and was treated regularly with methotrexate. After 5 years, he gradually suffered several episodes of erythrodermic condition and was diagnosed with erythrodermic psoriasis with unusual pruritic hyperkeratotic plaques and ulcers on his trunks without any general lymph nodes enlargement. Peripheral blood smear showed Sezary cell and histopathology result confirmed CTCL. He was treated with combination of radiotherapy, phototherapy and topical regiments with a good result and acceptable.

Discussion: Several studies suggested that severe psoriasis had increased the susceptibility of CTCL, especially with the use of cyclosporine, methotrexate or biologic agents as the treatment. In this case, methotrexate might play role in the development of CTCL or enhanced the transformation of EP to CTCL. Combination of localized radiation therapy, NBUVB and topical therapy gave a quiet good result for the skin condition and increased patient’s quality of life.

Conclusion: Erythrodermic psoriasis might transform or develop to CTCL which in this case was probably related to the use of methotrexate.
Phytoextraction and Migration Patterns of Cadmium in Contaminated Soils by Pennisetum hybridum
Authors: Chen Canming , Wei Zebin , Hu Kuanzheng , Wu Qi-Tang
Published: May 2023

This study was conducted to identify soil cadmium (Cd) removal pathways and their contribution rates during phytoremediation by Pennisetum hybridum, as well as to comprehensively assess its phytoremediation potential. Multilayered soil column tests and farmland simulating lysimeter tests were conducted to investigate the Cd phytoextraction and migration patterns in topsoil and subsoil simultaneously. The aboveground annual yield of P. hybridum grown in the lysimeter was 206 ton·ha–1. The total amount of Cd extracted in P. hybridum shoots was 234 g·ha–1, which was similar to that of other typical phytoremediation plants. After the test, the topsoil Cd removal rate was 21.50%–35.81%, whereas the extraction efficiency in P. hybridum shoots was only 4.17%–8.53%. These findings indicate that extraction by plant shoots was not the most important contributor to the decrease of Cd in the topsoil. The proportions of Cd retained by root cell wall was approximately 50% of the total Cd in root. Based on column test results, P. hybridum treatment led to a significant decrease in soil pH and considerably enhanced Cd migration to subsoil and groundwater. P. hybridum decreases Cd in the topsoil through multiple pathways and provides a relatively ideal material for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.
Stock Investors Sentiments and the Predictive Power of CBOE Volatility Index on Standard & Poor's 500 Returns
Authors: Ahmed Masood
Published: May 2023

The research is a deep study of the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX), which represent the market sentiments of the S & P 500 Index (SPX) over a period of 33 years. It evaluates how the two indexes perform in the stock market crash and how reliable VIX is in predicting market sentiments. The research distributes the market rally in two forms, and one is a trust rally, when investors are happy to see the market in a stable form, and investors' sentiments are positive towards the stock market. Second is a fear rally, where investors' sentiments are negative, and their outlook is bearish for various reasons. It observes the pattern of rallies, like the longest trust or fear rally, in which year and its duration. The research analyzes data to reach a meaningful conclusion and various inferences that can be drawn from the study of historical data.
The Burden of Air Pollution: A Perspective on Global Health Inequalities
Authors: Jakubowska Agnieszka
Published: May 2023

The aim of the research presented here is to assess the magnitude of the burden of health limitations resulting from air pollution on the world's economies. This burden was determined by the estimated number of premature years of life lost (YLLs) or health lost (YLDs) due to air pollution-related diseases in the working-age population. Attention was drawn to the problem of existing inequalities in the global burden of national economies with different income levels. The hypothesis of a persistently high level of inequality was verified on the basis of an analysis of the convergence process in a group of 204 countries over the period 1990-2019. The results obtained indicate a strong variation in the level of health constraints caused by air pollution. The analysis of the catch-up process of the least advantaged countries (highest level of health constraints due to air pollution) did not show a positive convergence effect in the study group.
Correlations in Compositional Data without Log-Transformations
Authors: Monich Yury , Nechipurenko Yury
Published: May 2023

The article proposes a method for determining the p-value of correlations in compositional data, i.e., those data that arise as a result of dividing the original values by their sum. Data organized in this way are typical for many fields of knowledge, but there is still no consensus on methods for interpreting correlations in such data. In a space closed by normalizing quantity, correlation coefficients behave differently than under normal conditions: their probabilities of occurrence do not coincide with those inherent in the standard scale of estimates. In the tens of the new millennium, almost all newly emerging methods for estimating correlation in compositional data began to require mandatory log-transformation of the variable values. In the method proposed here there are no log-transformations. We return to the early stages of attempting to solve the problem and rely on negative shifts in correlations in the multinomial distribution. In modeling the data, we use a hybrid method that combines the hypergeometric distribution with the distribution of any other law. During our work on the calculation method, we found that the number of degrees of freedom in compositional data measures discretely only when all the normalizing sums are equal and that it decreases when the sums are not equal, becoming a continuously varying quantity. Estimation of the number of degrees of freedom and the strength of its influence on the magnitude of the shift in the distribution of correlation coefficients is the basis of the proposed method.
Tear Fluid Biomarkers and Quality of Life in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Byambajav Mungunshur , Hagan Suzanne , Collier Andrew , Shu Xinhua
Published: May 2023

Dry eye disease (DED) can be extremely distressing and is common in type 2 diabetes (T2D). To investigate potential biomarkers of DED in T2D, panels of proteins in tears, alongside clinical signs and symptoms of DED were assessed. Patients were classified into four groups: T2D+DED (n=47), T2D-only (n=41), DED-only (n=17) and healthy controls (n=17). All patients underwent the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Dry Eye-Related Quality of Life (DEQS) questionnaires, tear evaporation rate (TER), fluorescein tear break-up time (fTBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) and Schirmer 1 test assessments. Six metabolic proteins and 14 inflammatory cytokines were analyzed with multiplex bead analysis. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 concentrations in tears were significantly higher in the T2D+DED group and these biomarkers were positively correlated with CFS. In addition, tear IL-6 was negatively correlated with fTBUT in the T2D+DED group. Clinical signs of DED in the T2D+DED group were similar to the DED-only group. The T2D+DED group had more patients with moderate and severe DED (versus the DED-only group), suggesting a different pathogenesis for DED in T2D versus DED-only. Therefore, IL-6 and IL-8 could potentially be diagnostic biomarkers of DED in T2D.
Epstein-Barr Virus Salivary Shedding in Patients With Acute Infectious Diseases – A Pilot Study
Authors: Skuhala Tomislava , Židovec-Lepej Snježana , Trkulja Vladimir , Radmanić Leona , Đaković-Rode Oktavija , Špiljak Bruno , Šimunović Luka , Rimac Marin , Dragobratović Anja
Published: May 2023

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a widely disseminated herpesvirus for which antibodies have been demonstrated in over 90% of adults worldwide. After subclinical primary EBV infections, as well as after infectious mononucleosis, the virus can be shed in saliva for a prolonged period of time. Diseases and disorders that can induce EBV salivary shedding include mental disorders and sex, connective tissue disease, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, malaria and HIV infection.
As the occurrence of EBV in saliva during acute infectious diseases has not been systematically researched so far, this pilot cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between acute infectious diseases and salivary shedding of EBV.
A total of 40 patients with acute infectious diseases was enrolled, along with 41 adults free of acute infections. Peripheral venous blood samples for serodiagnosis and saliva samples for EBV PCR testing were collected from both groups. The most common acute infectious disease was COVID-19 pneumonia, followed by haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Crude proportions of people with positive serological test results and those with saliva viral shedding were similar in the two groups.
The presented preliminary data does not indicate acute infectious conditions as a marked “contributor” in increasing salivary EBV shedding.
Proposal for the Geometric Unification of All Known Forces in Nature
Authors: Osterhage Wolfgang
Published: May 2023

As a first step a unification of the gravitational with the electromagnetic interaction within a classical framework is proposed. It is based on a V5-geometry, with x5 = q/m. The sole source term is mechanical stress energy, positioned along x5. The trajectories of test-bodies are placed in V4 (x5 = const)-slices. The resulting field equation couples a geometric G-tensor to mechanical stress energy, its momentum with respect to V5 and the change of this momentum with proper time τ. The following step proceeds to the quantization of space-time to enable the formalization of elementary particles und strong interaction. This is complimented by the inclusion of spin and the weak force, leading finally to a grand total equation, the stationary version of which corresponds to Schroedinger´s equation, the instationary version to the Einstein equation of General Relativity.
Monitoring the Efficiency of Equilibrium Reactions During Therapy in Children With Postural Disorders
Authors: Żurawski Arkadiusz Łukasz , Kiebzak Wojciech Piotr , Kozieł Dorota , Skwiot Marlena , Śliwiński Zbigniew
Published: May 2023

Background: The aim of the study is to present the process of monitoring the changes in the effi-ciency of equilibrium reactions in the children with postural disorders, in the course of the thera-peutic process.
Methods: The shape of spine and the efficiency of equilibrium reactions in standing posture and during gait were assessed in all the subjects. The subjects were put in 2 groups: with the shape of spine disorder and without one. The recommended set of therapeutic activities in home conditions lasted about 20 minutes and was performed by the child with parent’s supervision. The therapeutic program was based on elements of the PNF and Vojta methods. The following parameters were measured: maximum movement of the center of presure (CoP) in the frontal plane during gate, maximum movement of the CoP in the sagittal plane, movement of the CoP in the frontal plane in static conditions, movement of the CoP in the sagittal plane in static conditions.
Results: Six statistically significant differences were recorded, all of them were related to measurement I. The Friedman test result was statistically significant for all the indexes. Post-hoc analyzes were performed using the Dunn-Bonferroni test.
Conclusions:
1. The children with shape of spine disorders are featured by lower efficiency of equivalent reactions in relation to the children without disorders.
2. The therapy with the application of neurophysiological methods in the treatment of shape of spine disorders improves equilibrium reactions in these patients.
3. Long-lasting and thorough observations of the therapeutic process in the children with shape of spine disorders should include the monitoring of the efficiency of equilibrium reactions