bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of CO2 in Flue Gas for Sodium Bicarbonate Production in a Bubble Column
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Zaid A. , Abdullah Zeyad A.
Published: August 2019

Utilization of CO2 in flue gases for the production of sodium bicarbonate is an environmentally friendly process. A mathematical model was constructed for the design and simulation of utilizing a low concentration CO2 (2-18%) in flue gas to produce sodium bicarbonate in a bubble column reactor. The model is based on the mass balance equations for three phases (gas, liquid, and solid). Danckwerts theory for mass transfer from the gas phase to the liquid phase coupling with chemical reaction, and crystallization mechanism was used. The effect of process variables; gas molar velocity or flux (G=2.5-10 mole/m2.s), liquid mass flow rate (mL=2800-3400 kg/h), sodium bicarbonate concentration (x1=0.04-0.1), CO2 gas mole fraction (y=0.02-0.18), column height (h=11-33 m), and column diameter (dR=1-3 m) on the objective variables; solid molar velocity (S), CO2 conversion, precipitation zone height (Zi), and crystal size distribution (CSD) were studied. The conversion of CO2 varied from 34% to 71% whereas the particle size range varied from 0 to 400 μm. The particle size range and the CO2 absorption efficiency of about 50% for 20 m column height are in agreement with the literature.
Incidental Non-cardiac Findings in Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography: Is it Worth Reporting?
Authors: Ramanathan Subramaniyan , Ladumor Sushila B. , Francis Willington , Allam Abdelnasser A. , Alkuwari Maryam
Published: August 2019

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and significance of incidental non-cardiac findings (INCFs) in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) using a dual-source multidetector computed tomography.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective review of all CCTA studies performed over a time period for various indications was included in the study. After exclusions, CCTA of 1713 patients was evaluated by two experienced cardiac radiologists for non-cardiac abnormalities in the full field-of-view limited contrast chest series. The scans were acquired from the level of the carina to just below the diaphragm. INCFs were classified into three categories: Significant, indeterminate, and insignificant findings based on their clinical impact and availability of prior imaging and clinical details.

Results:

The study cohort consisted of 1123 males (mean age of 58 years) and 590 females (mean age of 64 years). INCFs were seen in 600 patients of 1713 patients. A total of 812 INCFs (47.5%) were found in 1713 patients. Of those, 568 (70%) were considered insignificant, 205 (25.2%) indeterminate, and 39 significant findings (4.9%). The prevalence of significant findings was 2.3%. Among the 39 significant findings, after correlating with clinical details and other imaging, nine were really significant findings (0.5%) and out of this, four turned out to be cancers (0.2%).

Conclusion:

Large number of INCFs can be found in CCTA with majority of them being insignificant or of minimal clinical impact. Although the proportion of significant findings is small and may not be cost beneficial, it is prudent to evaluate all the available data and to make appropriate classification of INCFs which can help in further management.
A case of scrub typhus presenting as ARDS
Authors: Ahmed Siddique A  , Jagadeesan M  , Mariraj I  , Ramkumar M  , Prasanna Karthik S1  , Kannan R  , Damodharan J  , Mageshkumar S
Published: August 2019

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a disease, mainly occurring in critically ill patients. The systemic spread of infections mainly causes ARDS due to the seepage of fluid in the spaces of the lung . Scrub typhus is a infection caused by . The bite of mite transmits it. Scrub typhus is frequently due to its non-specific clinical presentation and relatively low level of suspicion in treating physicians. The clinical presentation of scrub typhus is varied from fever, , rashes, headache, to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, central nervous system involvement. The disease is usually indistinguishable from other febrile illness like enteric fever, disease, malaria and certain viral hemorrhagic fevers. Identification of an points to the diagnosis without which the diagnosis is based on a high index of clinical suspicion. We report an interesting case of scrub typhus presenting as acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Analysis of Sheet Pile Assets Management in Musi River
Authors: Baniva Ratih , Iqbal Maulid M. , Fitriani Heni
Published: August 2019

Sheet pile, located on the bank of Musi River in Palembang, is the city master plan in the development of Palembang City. The construction of the sheet piles in Musi River was built from 2006 to 2014 but until now there is no further management on the working sheet piles. The aims of this study were to identify the management status of Musi sheet piles and to analyze the damage level that occured in Musi sheet piles in Palembang. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be obtained that the management status of the sheet pile was the authority of BBWS Sumatera VIII as the constructor and the owner of sheet pile assets, and it is planned that there will be a Musi sheet pile management program in 2019. Sheet piles were in a good condition on the components of pile cap structure, sheet pile, and platform in 16 Ilir, 9-10 Ulu, 14 Ulu, and the structure component of the sheet pile in 16 Ilir and 10 Ulu which had percentage of damage less than 10%. A good condition was also seen on the structure components of the fence support that had percentage of damage about 0,28% for ths sheet pile in 9-10 Ulu and 1,45% for the sheet pile in 14 Ulu. Sheet piles, in mildly damaged conditions, occured in sheet pile structural components of 10.38% in 11-14 Ulu. Sheet pile components in good condition and moderate damaged condition repairs can be done with preventive maintenance or minor repairs. Meanwhile, the sheet piles in a condition of heavily damaged occurred in the supporting structure of the fence by 41.82% at 16 Ilir improvements are made with corrective maintenance.
Addition Effect of Petrasoil Additive Material on CBR Value of Soil in Swamp Areas
Authors: Herius Andi , Indrayani Indrayani Indrayani , Hasan Arfan , Mirza Ahmad
Published: August 2019

Some road construction projects use petrasoil additive to increase soil stabilization, one of then is the Improvement of Tabarfane-Hokmar (Chemical Petrasoil) Road Project in Aru Selatan Timur District, Aru Islands. To obtain the influence of petrasoil aditive material as soil stabilization in swamp areas, a research is needed. petrasoil additives that powder shape are dissolved in water with 3 variations, namely 500 liters, 750 liters, and 1000 liters of water. Tests which carried out include compaction testing, index properties, and CBR. The results showed that the addition of petrasoil mixture with water without being combined with other added ingredients could lead to increasingly unstable soil conditions where the soil water content increased and the dry weight of the soil diminished, meaning that soil density decreases, and the CBR value of soil decreases.
The Correlation Analysis of Maintenance Costs to Sei Siulak Deras Irrigation Network Infrastructure Performance
Authors: Dhana Frans , Putranto Dinar Dwi Anugerah , Susanti Betty
Published: August 2019

Sei Siulak Deras Irrigation Area is one of the Irrigation Areas located in Kerinci Regency based on the decision of Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR) regulations No.12/PRT/M/2015 concerning criteria and estabishment of Irrigation Area status with an area of 5,801 Ha. The authority for operational and maintenance implementation is handled by the Dinas PUPR of Jambi Province ( RTRW of Jambi Province, 2013). The performance of the Sei Siulak Deras irrigation network infrastructure is inseparable from the available maintenance budget, for this reason, it is necessary to conduct a study that analyzes the relationship between routine maintenance costs for the performance of irrigation network infrastructure in the Sei Siulak Deras irrrigation area of Kerinci District, Jambi Province.  In this study an examination of the existing conditions of irrigation networks involving 1 observer and 6 irrigation workers, the irrigation network inspection using the standards issued by the Operation and Maintenance Agency of the Dinas PUPR of Jambi Province. From the results of the correlation analysis the cost of routine maintenance on the performance of irrigation network infrastructure is 0.9, this indicates a strong relationship between the two variables. While the maintenance budget allocated by the government to the maintenance of irrigation network infrastructure is very lacking, amounting to IDR 806,081,000 from the budget for the maintenance of irrigation network infrastructure of IDR 3,580,984,372.57.
Physical Interaction Of Chitosan-Alginate Entrapping Extract Of Papaya Leaf And Formation Of Submicron Particles Dosage Form
Authors: Untari Budi , Wijaya Dina Permata , Mardiyanto Mardiyanto , Herlina Herlina , Angraeni Via , Firana Ario
Published: August 2019

Research on physical interaction of chitosan-alginate entrapping extract of papaya leaf (Carica papaya L) into submicron particles formation has been performed. Preparation of papaya leaf extract into submicron particle dosage form of chitosan and sodium alginate polymer using ionic gelation method aimed to increase the solubility of extract. Submicron particles consisting of papaya leaf extract, chitosan, sodium alginate and CaCl2 were combined using variation of stirrer speed of 500, 750, and 1000 RPM. The optimum formula obtained has a speed of 1000 RPM with the percent EE value of 71.90%. The results of submicron particles characterization such as diameter and particle size distribution (PDI) using particle size analyzer (PSA) tools were 189.2 nm and 0.330. The results of XRD revealed the changes of type of crystalinity form to amorphous on submicron particles. The results of FTIR revealed the physical interaction without shifting of wave number of carbonyl, amine, and hydroxyl group which indicated that there were no chemical interactions occurred. These data indicated that papaya extract can be formulated into submicron particles of chitosan-alginate polymer.
The submicron particles FORMULATION OF IONIC-GELATION SUBMICRON PARTICLES LOADING EXTRACT PAPAYA LEAVES (Carica papaya L.) WITH LACTIC ACID ISOLATES
Authors: Mardiyanto Mardiyanto , Untari Budi , Fithri Najma Annuria , Sandi Sofia , Mawaddah Zahrul
Published: August 2019

A study regarding ionic-gelation submicron particle of papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) extract with lactic acid of weeds potentially for antidiarrhea has been conducted. Preparation of papaya leaves ethanolic extract and lactic acid isolate into particles was done by ionic gelation method. This study aimed to determine: the major compound of extract, the total quercertine of extract, the percent value of encapsulation efficiency of the optimum formula which was varied by (CaOH)2 of the three formulas, and physical properties of particles. Formula 1 was using (CaOH)2 of 12.5 gram; formula 2 (CaOH)2 of 17,5 gram; formula 3 (CaOH)2 of 22.5 gram. The results showed formula 1 as the optimum formula that has the highest %EE. The average %EE values ​​of F1; F2; F3 respectively were 80,82%; 80,41%; 80,31%. The results of particle characterization using the PSA in the optimum formula produced particle size values ​​with an average of 253.6 nm, PDI of 0.218, and zeta potential +8 mV respectively.
Impact of storage condition on postharvest preservation of fresh Bambusa sp.
shoot
Authors: Changchai Surintraporn , Sumrit Thawanrat , Kitpot Thanapon , Inrirai Pacharaporn
Published: August 2019

This research was aimed to study postharvest senescence of fresh Bambusa sp. shoot. The
harvested bamboo shoots were packed in linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE, 0.07
mm thick) bag and stored in 2 conditions: ambient (29±3°C) and refrigerated temperatures
(5±3°C). The physical and chemical properties during the 7 days storage were investigated
for postharvest quality management. The storage of the bamboo shoots at ambient greatly
affected the physical and chemical properties (weight loss, discoloration, reducing sugar
content and total acidity content) compared to the refrigerated storage. Under the ambient
storage, critical weight loss of shoots (approximately 5) was recorded at day 4 storage
along with the darkening of the basal section. Moreover, the reducing sugar rapidly
decreased to 50% of the initial at day 2 storage. Sensory evaluation was conducted, and
consumers were able to accept bamboo shoots stored at ambient up to one day of storage.
On the other hand, bamboo shoots stored in refrigerated up to 7 days were acceptable.
This is due to the quick change of color and odor of the bamboo shoots which can be the
quality indicators of the harvested shoots.
Educação em Ciências na Escola Democrática e as Relações Étnico-Raciais
Authors: Pinheiro Bárbara Carine Soares
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica nas principais referências da área etnocêntrica e decolonial nas ciências no Brasil apontar caminhos para a educação em ciências naturais, abordando as relações étnico-raciais como eixo norteador. Neste sentido, revisamos a literatura das teorias decoloniais com o intuito de compreender do que se trata o processo de descolonização de saberes, bem como de compreendermos o que nos trouxe até este estágio epistêmico, cosmogônico e global eurocêntrico que reduziu nossas existências e produções intelectuais a um padrão de referência único e universalizado. Para tal, apresentamos produções científicas africanas pré-diaspóricas, bem como cientistas contemporâneos que destoam desses padrões socialmente impostos, visando ampliar a imagética acerca da noção de ciência e pautar a importância de se discutir representatividades diversas nos espaços de poder, dentre eles o de produção acadêmica. Ressalto que a escrita deste texto se dará em afro perspectiva por meio da proposição teórico-metodológica cunhada pela escritora Conceição Evaristo, denominada escrevivência. Por esta razão imprimo nestas palavras o que leio, penso e sinto. Realizo não só formulação e reformulações a partir de outros e outras, como também parto deste meu lugar de mulher negra brasileira nordestina que atua na área de Ensino de Química.
Perhitungan Luas Atap Untuk Analisis Daya Tampung Pengungsian Menggunakan SIG Di Kecamatan Jatiyoso Kabupaten Karanganyar
Authors: Yusrina Farida Nurul , Fahmi Linta Alfi , Jordan Edgar , Putri Deviana Kusuma , Yani Mul , Syahputra Alfi Okta
Published: August 2019

Karanganyar merupakan salah satu Kabupaten di Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang sering mengalami bencana longsor. Data yang diterbitkan oleh BPBD Karanganyar menyatakan bahwa selama tahun 2017 tercatat 80 kejadian bencana tanah longsor terjadi. Kecamatan Jatiyoso merupakan salah satu Kecamatan yang memiliki tingkat kerawanan longsor sedang hingga tinggi. Daya tampung pengungsian menjadi aspek penting yang harus diketahui dalam perencanaan lokasi pengungsian, berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari potensi daya tampung fasilitas umum untuk pengungsian yang ada di Kecamatan Jatiyoso. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode perhitungan luas atap bangunan dengan menggunakan Sistem informasi geografis. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh daya tampung fasilitas umum di Kecamatan Jatiyoso terdapat sebanyak 6.960 jiwa atau 16 % penduduk dapat tertampung di pengungsian sedangkan jumlah penduduk sebesar 36.465 jiwa, maka sebanyak 29.505 jiwa (84%) penduduk tidak tertampung. Daya tampung fasilitas pengungsian tidak dapat menampung keseluruhan penduduk yang terdampak bencana, karena jumlah shelter yang tidak sebanding dengan jumlah penduduk yang ada. Kurangnya daya tampung shelter untuk pengungsian seharusnya dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan pihak-pihak tertentu untuk lebih memperhatikan fasilitas-fasilitas sebagai tempat pengungsian.
Sebaran Salinitas Air Tanah Bebas di Desa Pulogading Kecamatan Bulakamba Kabupaten Brebes Jawa Tengah
Authors: Baroroh Zulai Fatul , Harsono Tricahyono Nur , Ali Sya’ban Moch Balya , Dahlia Siti
Published: August 2019

Permasalahan penurunan kualitas air tanah akibat intrusi secara alami terjadi pada daerah pesisir, termasuk pada wilayah penelitian yaitu Desa Pulogading Kecamatan Bulakamba Kabupaten Brebes Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat salinitas air tanah bebas berdasarkan klasifikasi Zona Konservasi Air Tanah Departemen Energi dan Sumberdaya Mineral, dan bagaimana sebarannya di desa penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey-deskriptif. Pengambilan data primer dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2018 pada musim kemarau, dengan jumlah 18 titik sampel. Penentuan titik sampel menggunakan sistem grid dengan interval 750m. Data yang di peroleh berupa angka kadar salinitas berdasarkan % NaCl dengan alat ukur saltmeter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar salinitas air tanah bebas di Desa Pulogading Kecamatan Bulakamba Kabupaten Brebes Jawa Tengah bervariatif. Sebagian besar (72,2%) air tanah wilayah penelitian termasuk dalam kategori rawan, 16,7% wilayah penelitian dengan kategori aman, dan 11,1% merupakan kategori kritis. Selain itu, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar salinitas air tanah bebas dipengaruhi oleh cara pengambilan dan jenis penggunaan serta tutupan lahannnya.
Prediksi Laju Erosi Menggunakan Metode USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) Di Desa Karang Tengah Kecamatan Babakan Madang Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Hariyanto Rendika Dwi , Harsono Tricahyono Nur , Fadiarman Fadiarman
Published: August 2019

Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Karang Tengah, Kecamatan Babakan Madang, Kabupaten Bogor yang memiliki morfologi beragam, mulai dari daerah dataran rendah sampai pegunungan dengan ketinggian mencapai 800 mdpl. Wilyah penelitian memiliki kelerengan dari miring sampai curam yang sangat berpotensi untuk terjadinya erosi, dan ditambah dengan adanya perubahan penggunaan lahan yang intensif dari area hijau ke pertanian. Untuk itu, tujuan penelitian untuk memprediksikan besarnya laju erosi di wilayah penelitian menggunakan Metode USLE. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian survey dengan deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh lahan di wilayah penelitian dengan sampel adalah lahan yang diambil berdasarkan data kemiringan lereng, penggunaan lahan, dan jenis tanah. Penetapan lokasi sampling menggunakan area sampling, sedangkan analisa hasil data menggunakan metode USLE (Universal Loss Soil Equation) yaitu memberi skor pada setiap parameter lahan, sehingga diperoleh klasifikasi bahaya erosi berdasarkan perhitungan menggunakan metode USLE. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa lahan di wilayah penelitian mempunyai klasifikasi bahaya erosi sangat ringan pada satuan lahan PLL meliputi wilayah Dusun Wangun bagian Utara, satuan lahan SLL meliputi wilayah Dusun Wangun bagian Timur, dan satuan lahan HLM di wilayah Dusun Wangun bagian Barat. Satuan lahan yang memiliki bahaya erosi ringan yaitu satuan lahan PkLL diwilayah Dusun Wangun bagian Selatan dan Dusun Tegalluhur bagian Utara, dan satuan lahan yang memiliki bahaya erosi sedang yaitu satuan lahan HLAm.
CERRAHİ BRANŞLARDAN İSTENEN GÖĞÜS HASTALIKLARI KONSULTASYONLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Duru Çetinkaya Pelin
Published: August 2019

GİRİŞ AMAÇ: Bu çalışmada, göğüs hastalıkları uzmanlarının sürekli karşılaştıkları ancak standart bir değerlendirme yönteminin olmadığı, preoperatif, postoperatif, tanısal, tedavi amaçlı istenebilen konsultasyonların değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. YÖNTEM VE GEREÇLER: Hastanemizde 01.12.2017-31.12.2017 tarihleri arasında istenen 787 göğüs hastalıkları konsultasyonlarının hangi birimlerden geldiğine bakıldı. Araştırmanın yapıldığı hastanede Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum kliniği bulunmamaktadır. Cerrahi branşlardan istenen konsültasyonlar, retrospektif olarak incelendi. Konultasyonların istenme nedenine, konsultasyonların değerlendirilme şekillerine, tetkiklere bakıldı. Posteroanterior akciğer grafileri (PA), solunum fonsiyon testleri değerlendirildi. Elde edilen veriler, SPSS de istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi. BULGULAR: Bir ay içerisinde 787 göğüs hastalıkları konsultayonu istenmiştir. Bu konsultsyonlardan 598’i acil servisten; 142’si yatan hastalardan (89’u cerrahi branşlardan, 53’ü dahili branşlardan olmak üzere); 47’si yoğun bakımlardan istenmiştir. Cerrahi branşlardan istenen konsultasyonlardan 62 dosyaya ulaşılabilmiştir. Konsultasyon istenen olguların yaş ortalaması 64,20±17,23’dür. Olguların %64,5’i erkek, %35,5’i kadındır. Göğüs hastalıklarından neden konsultasyon istendiği, konsultasyon istem kağıdında %33,9 oranında belirtilmemiştir. Konsultasyonların %83,9’u preoperatif, %14,5’i postoperatif istenmiştir. Konsultasyon istenen olguların hepsine akciğer grafisi çekilmiştir. Konsultasyonların % 38,7’sinden solunum fonksiyon testi istenmiştir. Olguların % 35,5’inin sigara içtiği tespit edilmiştir. Olguların %54,8’inde herhangi bir semptom yoktur. Preoperatif konsultasyon istenen olguların %46,15’inde risk belirtilmemiştir. SONUÇ: Bu çalışmada cerrahi branşlardan istenen konsultasyonların %83,9’unun preoperatif istendiği, konsultasyon istenen olguların %33,9’unda neden istendiğinin yazılmadığı saptanmıştır. Ayrıntılı öykü, fizik muayene ile patoloji saptanmayan olgularda ileri pulmoner değerlendirme gerekmezken; preoperatif konsultasyon istenen 52 olgunun hepsine PA akciğer grafisi çekilmiştir. Gerek konsultasyon istenmesinde ve gerekse de konsultasyonun cevaplandırılmasında standart bir yaklaşım saptanmamıştır.
Is there any association between ABO blood types and slow coronary flow?
Authors: KAYA Hakan
Published: August 2019

Amaç: Koroner yavaş akım (KYA), epikardiyal
koroner arter tıkanıklığı olmamasına rağmen, anjiyografi sırasında uygulanan kontrast
maddenin yavaş ilerlemesi ve distal vasküler yapıların gecikmeli opaklaşması
ile karakterize bir mikrovasküler bozukluk olarak tanımlanmaktadır Genetik olarak
taşınan ABO kan gruplarının koroner arter hastalığında rol oynadığı
varsayılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada KYA ve ABO kan grupları arasındaki ilişki
araştırıldı.Gereç
ve yöntemler:  Çalışma retrospektif bir çalışma olarak
tasarlandı ve merkezimizde Ocak 2016 - Aralık 2018 tarihleri ​​arasında koroner
anjiyografi prosedürü uygulanan 250 vaka (125 KYA hastası ve 125 normal koroner
anjiyogram vakası) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Her iki çalışma
grubunda da ABO kan tipleri standart aglütinasyon teknikleri kullanılarak
belirlendi. Her iki grup arasında kan tipleri karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: KYA hastalarında A kan grubu sıklığı
kontrol grubuna kıyasla artmıştı (p<0.001). 
Kontol grubunda yüksek dansiteli lipoprotein kolesterol artmıştı (p<0.001).
Kontrol grubuna kıyasla trigliserit, total kolesterol ve düşük dansiteli lipoprotein
kolesterol düzeyleri KYA grubunda artmıştı ( 
p =0.003, p<0.001, p<0.001, sırasıyla).

Sonuç: Bu çalışma, A kan grubunun KYA için artmış
bir risk olabileceğini ortaya koydu.
Comparison of abdominal ct interpretation levels of emergency physicians and radiologists
Authors: TURGUT Kasim
Published: August 2019

Aim: Computerized tomography (CT) is a frequently used
diagnostic tool in the emergency department. In order to provide early and
appropriate intervention for the patients, emergency physicians should be able
to accurately interpret CT images at least to a certain degree. In this study,
we aimed to determine the accuracy of emergency physicians in evaluating an
abdominal CT.Methods: In 2018, the images of 234 patients who underwent an
abdominal CT due to trauma were interpreted by emergency physicians(EP). The
level of agreement between emergency physicians and radiologists on these
abdominal CT was determined by comparing their evaluations.This comparison was
made using the kappa statistics.Results: The rate of concordance in CT interpretations between
the EPs and radiologists was 52.1%. The accuracy rate of EP on interpretation
CT images was 59.22% (95% CI: 52.18-66) and the
kappa value was 0.24. For the CT interpretation of emergency physicians, the
sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive
value were calculated as 40.98%(95% CI: 32.17-50.25), 85.71%(95% CI: 76.38-92.39), 80.65%(95% CI: 70.30-88.00) and 50%(95% CI:
45.72-54.28), respectively.

Conclusion: Emergency physicians’ accuracy in interpreting CT
images is not at an adequate level. The institutions in emergency medicine
should organize educative programs to increase this level.
The Relationship Between Procalcitonin Levels and Coronary Slow Flow.
Authors: Asoğlu Ramazan , Kaya Hakan , Asoğlu Emin , Afşin Abdülmecid , Süner Arif
Published: August 2019

Objective:
Coronary slow flow phenomenon is associated with angina pectoris and acute
coronary syndromes. Procalcitonin levels are correlated with the extent of
atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease. We aimed to evaluate
the relationship between procalcitonin and coronary slow flow phenomenon.Material
and Method: The present study included 50 patients with coronary
slow flow and 42 healthy subjects. The coronary slow flow phenomenon is defined
as delayed coronary opacification in the absence of obstructive coronary artery
disease. Coronary slow flow is evaluated with Thrombolysis in Myocardial
Infarction frame count method. The Procalcitonin was calculated from the blood
to analyze. Results:
The C-reactive protein was significantly higher in the coronary slow flow group
than the control group. There was a positive and significant correlation
between the Mean Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction frame count and CRP
levels. There were no correlations between the C-reactive protein and
procalcitonin levels (r= -0.134, p= 0.204).

Conclusion:
Serum procalcitonin level was not associated with coronary slow flow. We have
shown the relationship between serum C-reactive protein and coronary slow flow.
Travmatik pnömosefalus olgularında konservatif tedavi sonuçlarının hasta profili, etiyoloji, klinik ve radyolojik bulgular ve risk faktörleri ışığında değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YÜCETAŞ Şeyho Cem , ÜÇLER Necati , Kafadar Safiye , KILINÇ Süleyman , TORUN M. Fuat
Published: August 2019

Amaç: Travmatik
pnömosefalus olgularında konservatif tedavi sonuçlarının hasta profili,
etiyoloji, klinik ve radyolojik bulgular ve risk faktörleri ışığında
değerlendirilmesi

Yöntem: Bu çalışma, kafa travması sonucu pnömosefalus tespit
edilerek medikal tedavi yapılan 73 hasta (medyan yaş 32(2–80) yıl, %78.1 erkek
hasta) ile yürütüldü. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, travma tipleri,
eşlik eden kanama ve fraktürler, risk faktörleri (otore ve/veya rinore, nöbet
gelişimi ve menenjit gelişimi), üç farklı zamanda (0-24 saat, 1-3 gün ve 3-20.
gün içinde) çekilen bilgisayarlı beyin tomografisi  (BBT) bulguları (pnömosefalusun intrakranial
yerleşimi, abzorbsiyon süresi) ve eş zamanlı GKS değerleri tespit edilerek,
hastanede kalış süresi ve tedavi sonucu (normal taburculuk, nörolojik sekel ile
taburculuk, eksitus)  kaydedildi.

Bulgular: Trafik
kazası (%38.4) ve yüksekten düşme (%35.6) en sık nedenler olup, hastaların %8.4’ünde
nöbet gelişimi, %29.4’ünde otore veya rinore ve 10(%13.7) hastada menenjit
gelişimi gözlendi. Toplamda 58(%79.5) vakada tam iyileşme görülürken, 7(% 9.6)
hasta nörolojik defisit ile taburcu edildi ve 8(%10.8) hasta eksitus oldu.
Ortalama GKS değerinde pnömosefalus yerleşim yerine göre her üç ölçümde de
(sırasıyla p<0.001, p<0.05 ve p<0.001) fark gözlendi. Menenjit
gelişenlerde eş-zamanlı otore/rinore yaygın (%30-40), hastanede kalış süreleri
(ort±SS 11.88±6.35 gün ve 7.01±3.50  gün,
p<0.01) ve mortalite oranları (%20 ve %9.5, p<0.01) ise menenjit olmayan
hastalara göre anlamlı şekilde daha yüksekti.

Sonuç: Sonuç
olarak, bulgularımız, travmatik pnömosefalusun uygun ve zamanında başlatılan
konservatif tedavi ile yüksek oranda tam iyileşme ile sonuçlandığını göstermekte,
ancak  tedavinin klinik seyirle uyumlu
şekilde yürütülmesinde tekrarlı BBT değerlendirmesi ve eş-zamanlı nörolojik
değerlendirmenin rolüne işaret etmektedir.
EXTERNAL DAKRİYOSİSTORİNOSTOMİ SONUÇLARIMIZ
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Ali , DİREKCİ İlke
Published: August 2019

Amaç: Nazolakrimal
kanal tıkanıklığı (NLKT) olan olgularda DSR (Dakriyosistorinostomi) ameliyatlarının
sonuçlarımızın sunulması.

Yöntem: Adıyaman
Üniversitesi Göz Hastalıkları Kliniği’nde Ocak 2016- Mart 2018 tarihleri
arasında yapılan 128 Bikanaliküler Silikon Tüp Entübasyonlu DSR ameliyatı
kayıtları değerlendirilerek; hastalar yaş, klinik başvuru şekli, postoperatif
komplikasyonlar açısından değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Bikanaliküler
Silikon Tüp Entübasyonlu DSR ameliyatı uygulanan 128 hastanın başarı oranı %92’
dır. Komplikasyonlar %5,5 oranında hastaya bağlı nedenlerden tüpün çıkması , %
6,3 oranında nüks , % 1,6 Oranında kantal bölgede konjuktiva yürümesi, % 2,3 oranında
tüpe bağlı punktum  erozyonu , % 1.6 olguda
cilt kesi alanında skar dokusu görülmüştür.

Sonuç: DSR
sonrası nüks vakalarda bile etkinliğinin yüksek olması ve postoperatif lavaja
ihtiyaç duyulmaması gibi avantajları nedeniyle hala endonasal DSR gibi yeni
jenerasyon işlemlere üstün olan yöntem olarak Bikanaliküler Silikon Tüp
Entübasyonlu DSR iyi bir alternatiftir.
STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT BASED LEARNING
Authors: Apsari Yanuarti , Mulyani Euis Rina , Lisdawati Ida
Published: August 2019

This research is intended to investigate the students’ attitudes toward the implementation of project-based learning. Project based learning is becoming increasingly popular in the pedagogical field. Qualitative research method was employed in this study. The respondents of this study were the fourth grade students who were taking coursebook evaluation subject.. The data of this study  was gathered by using questionnaire. Then, the collected data were analysed by qualitative description. Based on the questionnaire data, the result indicates that the respondents have a positive attitude towards the implementation of project based learning. It can be seen from three aspects: affective, behavioral, and cognitive aspects. On affective aspect, the respondents were interested to learn by using project based learning because of several benefits that they get after learning by using project based learning. In addition, on cognitive aspects, the findings showed that all respondents believe that project based learning is effective in teaching coursebok evaluation subject. The last, on the behavior aspect, the data showed that during the implementation of project based learning the respondents likes to share ideas and discuss in their group.
Factors affecting germination of great bindweed (Calystegia silvatica) seeds
Authors: Harrington Kerry C. , Gawn Tracey L. , Matthew Cory , Ghanizadeh Hossein
Published: August 2019

Great bindweed (Calystegia silvatica) invades riparian plantings in New Zealand but little is known about the factors influencing seed germination of this species, the number of seeds produced per flower or whether seed banks build up in the soil below infested sites. Dormancy-breaking treatments involving scarification and/or pre-chilling of seeds were evaluated. The effect of temperature on germination was also studied. The presence of viable seeds in capsules on vines and in the soil beneath established stands was quantified. Great bindweed seeds needed scarification but not a period of cold temperature to germinate. Germination occurred from 5oC to 25oC but germination was greater and more rapid at higher temperatures. Seed capsules contained an average of only 2.3 seeds, and the soil beneath plants had, on average, only 21.9 seeds/m2. Seeds were large with one thousand seeds weighing 43.4 g. Once the hard seed coat is broken, seeds will germinate readily at warmer times of the year, but seed production is not prolific so seeds might not be that important for spread of the species.
Fate of mycelial and conidial propagules of Ilyonectria and Dactylonectria species in soil
Authors: Probst Chantal , Crabbe Dudley , Ridgway Hayley , Jaspers Marlene V. , Jones E. Eirian
Published: August 2019

Black foot disease of grapevines causes significant economic loss to the viticulture industry worldwide. A novel method was developed to investigate the fate of propagules of three species associated with black foot disease in New Zealand, Dactylonectria macrodidyma, Ilyonectria europaea and I. liriodendri, in soil. Conidia or mycelium of one isolate each of the three species were buried in soil in nylon mesh bags, and conidia/chlamydospore numbers were determined microscopically after 2 and 3 weeks. Conidia and chlamydospores were produced by mycelial inocula of all isolates, with greater numbers of chlamydospores after 3 weeks. Conidial inocula of all isolates also produced chlamydospores. Chlamydospores were formed at either the terminus or side of a hypha, and single and multiple conidia formed chlamydospores by combining their cellular protoplasm. Chlamydospores were produced from conidia, and conidia from mycelium faster for the I. europaea isolate than the D. macrodidyma and I. liriodendri isolates. The rapid formation of chlamydospores as survival propagules will facilitate the ability of these pathogens to persist in soil in the absence of a host.
Roadside mowing spreads yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) seeds further than by natural dispersal
Authors: James Trevor K. , Trolove Michael R. , Dowsett Claire A.
Published: August 2019

Yellow bristle grass is a highly invasive annual C4 pasture weed that has spread rapidly through many New Zealand dairying regions via seed dispersal. Seven trials were conducted on roadsides infested with yellow bristle grass to evaluate natural and mower-assisted dispersal. To trap seeds, yellow sticky traps were laid out at various intervals both perpendicular to and parallel to the road. Traps were in place for 24 h in the four natural dispersal trials but only for the event in the mowing trials. Seeds on the retrieved traps were counted and the seeds caught in the mower estimated. For natural dispersal, 90% of seeds fell within 0.5 m. When mown, 90% of the seeds fell within 2 metres in the direction of mowing and 80% within 20 cm in the perpendicular direction. More importantly, a small percentage of dispersed seeds were caught in the mower and presumably could subsequently fall off anywhere. Mowing mature yellow bristle grass on the roadside will result in accelerating seed dispersal along the roadside for many metres and potentially many kilometres.
Preliminary pathogenicity screening of Verticillium spp. on kiwifruit in New Zealand
Authors: Mellow Kieran D. , Tyson Joy L. , Manning Michael A. , Wright Peter J.
Published: August 2019

Plant-pathogenic Verticillium species have been present in New Zealand for many years, and have been considered minor wilt pathogens of kiwifruit. However, an outbreak of Verticillium nonalfalfae (previously identified as Verticillium alboatrum) causing wilt and death of the kiwifruit cultivar Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis ‘Hort16A’ in Chile has raised questions around the pathogenicity and significance of New Zealand Verticillium species. This study investigated the pathogenicity of New Zealand isolates of Verticillium spp. to ‘Hort16A’. Three isolates of Verticillium dahliae and one of V. alboatrum sensu stricto, previously recovered from kiwifruit in New Zealand, were tested for pathogenicity against ‘Hort16A’ by artificial inoculation of young vines. Disease assessments were carried out monthly. Symptoms observed ranged from minor wilt to vine death. The V. alboatrum isolate appeared the most aggressive. Although there is evidence of some pathogenicity on kiwifruit within this group of isolates from Verticillium species in New Zealand, they appear less aggressive than those recorded in Chile. However, this cannot be confirmed without testing isolates from both countries concurrently under the same conditions.
Understanding flower-bud rot development caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in green-fleshed kiwifruit
Authors: Kabir M. Shahjahan , Parry Bethan E. , Tyson Joy L. , Beresford Robert M.
Published: August 2019

A greater understanding of the epidemiology of flower bud rot caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) in New Zealand green-fleshed kiwifruit cultivars is required to develop successful disease-management strategies. This study sought evidence as to whether the source of Psa bacteria that causes flower bud infection is internal or external to the flower buds as they emerge in spring. Psa was detected using qPCR in asymptomatic flower buds of two green-fleshed cultivars during spring 2016 and 2017, between bud emergence and immediately before flower opening. Bacterial isolations were made from surface sterilised and non-sterilised buds. Asymptomatic and symptomatic buds were dissected and isolations made from each of the dissected flower parts over time. Significantly more Psa was detected from non-sterilised flower buds during the early stages of bud development compared with later stages. Bud dissections showed that Psa colonisation began in the outer flower parts and moved inwards and this coincided with the development of bud rot symptoms. This study supports a hypothesis that bud rot arises when buds are externally contaminated by Psa early in their development and subsequent infection moves into the inner parts of developing flowers, destroying tissue and causing bud death. Effective control must aim to prevent initial Psa contamination.
The current outbreak of stemphylium leaf blight of onion in New Zealand – identification of cause and review of possible risk factors associated with the disease
Authors: Wright Peter J. , Searle Bruce , Tyson Joy L. , Mellow Kieran D.
Published: August 2019

During the 2017–18 growing season, significant outbreaks of leaf blight occurred in Pukekohe, Hawke’s Bay and Canterbury commercial onion fields. It was unknown if the causal agent was Stemphylium vesicarium, a pathogen already present in New Zealand that causes stemphylium leaf blight (SLB), or a new introduction of another Stemphylium species. Morphological and molecular characterisation methods were used to identify the pathogen present on diseased onion leaves. The possibility that climate may have been a contributor to the outbreak was evaluated using hourly temperature and relative humidity data, and comparing the 2017–18 growing season with the previous four seasons in these regions when no disease was observed. Our research indicates that the recent leaf blight outbreak in New Zealand was caused by S. vesicarium, and not the introduction of a novel species of Stemphylium. The warm, and wet summer of 2017–18 possibly contributed to the SLB outbreak.
Distribution of Puccinia punctiformis in above-ground tissue of Cirsium arvense (Californian thistle)
Authors: Henderson Caitlin , Cripps Michael , Casonato Seona
Published: August 2019

Cirsium arvense (Californian thistle) is a problematic weed in agricultural systems throughout New Zealand and the rust fungus Puccinia punctiformis is a potential biological control agent for this weed. Puccinia punctiformis can systemically infect thistles but the movement of the pathogen in planta is not fully understood. This research determined the level of infection in planta caused by P. punctiformis at a single time point. The concentration of P. punctiformis DNA in planta was determined to ascertain the location of the fungus within naturally field-infected C. arvense. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was undertaken on above-ground symptomatic and asymptomatic C. arvense tissue at various locations within leaves (top, middle and bottom) and the main stem. All C. arvense shoots had detectable amounts of P. punctiformis but the concentration was 100× greater in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic shoots. In general, the concentration of fungus progressed up the leaves with a significant effect between locations (P<0.001). Puccinia punctiformis was found in planta but broadscale disease of C. arvense does not occur and the reason for this is unknown.
Investigating time and economic costs of botrytis bunch rot sampling using interpolated data
Authors: Hill Gareth N. , Jaksons Peter , Sharp Joanna M. , Hunt Adrian G. , Lewis Kai S.J.
Published: August 2019

Botrytis cinerea causes botrytis bunch rot (BBR) disease in wine grapes. Small-scale labour-intensive visual disease assessments may not adequately represent an entire vineyard but larger assessments add cost without necessarily improving accuracy or financial returns. BBR-severity data were collected on three dates from two sites and spatially interpolated. Balanced acceptance sampling (BAS) and simple random sampling (SRS) were compared using sample sizes of 2 to 200 vines. Assessment times were calculated for both walking (rows ignored) and driving (rows impassable) and costs compared with assessment error and effects on crop value. Overall, BAS performed better than SRS. Driving was faster than walking except when sample distribution necessitated travelling down every row regardless of sample size. Annual crop losses of up to NZ$2578 per hectare could result from short assessment times and subsequent inaccurate estimates of BBR severity. Spatial interpolation was shown to be a useful and promising technique for studying BBR sampling strategies in vineyard blocks. Travel was not a substantial component of assessment time. An 80-minute-long assessment could substantially reduce economic losses because of errors in BBR assessments.
Neofabraea actinidiae in New Zealand kiwifruit orchards: current status and knowledge gaps
Authors: Tyson Joy L. , Manning Michael A. , Everett Kerry R. , Fullerton Robert A.
Published: August 2019

Neofabraea actinidiae (syn. Cryptosporiopsis actinidiae) is a member of a suite of fungi associated with ‘ripe rots’ of kiwifruit. Although it has been recorded regularly from kiwifruit in New Zealand over the past 30-40 years, initially as ‘Cryptosporiopsis sp.’, there is a general lack of knowledge of this fungus. This paper provides a review of the current records and available literature on the taxonomy and biology of the organism, and assesses the knowledge gaps in the disease cycle and epidemiology of N. actinidiae in kiwifruit orchards. The conidia of the fungus are likely to be water borne, infect fruit during or near to flowering and remain latent until harvest and subsequent ripening. The source of inoculum remains unknown. This review may stimulate new research into this pathogen and give insights into potential control strategies.
Preferences of the wheat bug (Nysius huttoni) for particular growth stages of the potential trap crop, alyssum (Lobularia maritima)
Authors: Tiwari Sundar , Saville David J. , Wratten Stephen D.
Published: August 2019

The New Zealand endemic wheat bug, Nysius huttoni (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), is a pest of brassica seedlings. However, it has a wide host range comprising almost all cultivated brassicas, cereals and many other cultivated crops, as well as weeds. The brassica alyssum (Lobularia maritima) is a potential trap crop of N. huttoni, having the potential to keep the bugs away from seedlings. Laboratory no-choice and choice tests evaluated the relative preference of N. huttoni for two major growth stages of alyssum – vegetative and flowering. In both bioassays, N. huttoni adults settled significantly more promptly on the flowering than on the vegetative stage. The same preference was evident for adult numbers settling. Survival was higher on the flowering (38%) than on the vegetative stage (28%), although this was not significant. The implications of these findings are important in the design of trap cropping protocols for N. huttoni management. Flowering alyssum in brassica fields can also potentially improve pest biological control and provide other ecosystem services that can contribute to mitigating diminished ecosystem functions in agriculture.
Potential biological control of take-all disease in perennial ryegrass
Authors: Umar Abdullah , Kandula Diwakar R.W. , Hampton John G. , Rolston M. Phil , Chng Soonie F.
Published: August 2019

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is the major pasture grass in New Zealand but is highly susceptible to take-all disease, caused by the root-rot pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis (Gg). Isolates of the fungus Trichoderma atroviride are known to control Gg but it is not known if a mixture of isolates would be more effective than individual ones. Soil from a field naturally infested with Gg was placed in containers in a glasshouse and sown with ryegrass seeds then treated with one of three Trichoderma atroviride isolates or a mixture of all three isolates. All T. atroviride treatments significantly increased shoot dry matter by 46–73% and root dry matter by 42–62% compared with the control but a mixture of isolates was no more effective than individual isolates. Application of T. atroviride also significantly decreased root disease severity, which was negatively correlated with root dry matter. Takeall in pastures could possibly be controlled by overdrilling grass with a single isolate of T. atroviride.
Pathogenicity of Phoma betae isolates from red beet (Beta vulgaris) at seed farms in Canterbury, New Zealand
Authors: Chand Nitesh , Jones E. Eirian , Casonato Seona
Published: August 2019

Phoma betae is an economically important pathogen of red beet causing preemergence seedling damping, leaf spot and root rot. However, the pathogenicity of P. betae is unknown in New Zealand despite the economic importance of this pathogen. Twenty-five isolates were collected from a survey of red beet seed farms in Canterbury, New Zealand during 2016/2017 and three of these PB101 (from seeds), PB103 (from roots) and PB106 (from leaves) were used for pathogenicity testing of two red-beet cultivars. Isolate PB106 was further used to investigate its effects on spinach and fodder beet as well as red beet under greenhouse conditions. All three P. betae isolates were pathogenic on both red-beet cultivars tested, causing leaf-spot symptoms. Isolates PB101 and PB106 produced significantly larger leaf-spot lesions (P<0.001) compared with PB103. Phoma betae isolate PB106 was pathogenic to both red-beet cultivars, spinach and fodder beet but fodder beet was less susceptible than the other species tested. Regardless of cultivar, P. betae is an important pathogen of beets and is capable of causing leaf spots.
How much captan is required for wound protection of Neonectria ditissima conidial infection in apple?
Authors: Walter Monika , Manktelow David W.L. , Le Berre Fanny , Campbell Rebecca E. , Turner Lauren , Vorster Lizelle , Patrick Emma , Butler Ruth C. , Northcott Grant L.
Published: August 2019

Captan (a trichloromethyl sulfenyl fungicide) is commonly used for control of Neonectria ditissima in apple. In New Zealand, picking and leaf scars are the main source of new infections. The captan concentrations required for wound protection of leaf scars, picking and rasp wounds was determined in planta. Fresh wounds, inoculated with N. ditissima, were sprayed with captan using a motorised knapsack (leaf scars) or hand-held spray bottles targeting the wound area (picking and rasp wounds). Captan concentrations ranged from 0 to 400% field rate (100% = 2 kg captan/ha). Wounds were sampled pre- and post-captan application for residue analyses and the remainder assessed regularly in the field for disease expression. Disease development decreased as captan concentrations increased. Approximately 2 μg captan/scar (100% field rate) was required to protect leaf scars. Four times the field rate of captan was needed for a 55 and 70% disease reduction on picking and rasp wounds, respectively. Label-rate applications of captan controlled low incidence of N. ditissima leaf-scar infections in the field in autumn, but disease control of picking scars and other large wounds might be difficult to achieve.