bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using video to develop pre-service teachers’ noticing within a mathematical modelling context
Authors: Zuo Siyu , Liu Lizhe , Qi Chunxia
Published: April 2024

Teacher education should foster teachers’ competencies in teaching mathematical modelling since it is a demanding task. Mathematical modelling requires spontaneous reactions, which are related to the core of teachers’ competencies–teacher noticing. The study designed a video-based course to develop these competencies in the context of mathematical modelling. The findings revealed a noticeable improvement in their noticing competencies after participating in the semester-long course. In particular, pre-service teachers’ topical focus shifted towards modelling thinking and pedagogy. They made significantly more interpretive comments and used significantly more task-dimensional knowledge for teaching mathematical modelling to reason about events. These results appear to support the viability of using video for this purpose.
Investigation of Dielectric Properties of Quaternary Ceramic 0.47BNT-0.04BT-0.37PMN-0.18PT
Authors: Saxena Aparna , J. Joseph Abhilash , Sahai Saxena Raghvendra
Published: April 2024

Dielectric dispersion analysis has been carried out for the first time on a new quaternary ceramic [0.47(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.04BaTiO3-0.31Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.18PbTiO3] having a morphotropic phase boundary composition. The measurement of the dielectric parameters has been carried out in the frequency range of 200 Hz to 2 MHz and temperature range from 30 oC to 300 oC. The material showed high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, negligible DC conductivity and high ferroelectric to paraelectric transition temperature. A clear Debye type relaxation was observed in the dielectric constant and dielectric loss data. An interesting feature of two Debye peaks has been noticed in dielectric loss versus frequency curves in the temperature range 125 oC to 175 oC. These peaks shift towards higher frequencies when temperature is increased. The extracted relaxation times of the two peaks are three orders of magnitude different and have been found to follow the Arrhenius law with significantly different activation energies.
In silico identification of approved drugs for potential prophylactic uses against SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Roselyn N. Egbuna  , InnocentMary I. Ejiofor  , Emmanuel C. Oranu  , Ifeanyichukwu R. Iroha  , Ikemefuna C. Uzochukwu
Published: April 2024

The outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) constitute a major public health threat and economic burden. Despite the multifold research all over the world. COVID-19 has remained without a treatment. Hence, the urgent need to repurpose the FDA-approved drugs through in silico computational technique to identify inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2. Bioinformatics techniques were used to screen 2015 FDA- approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 proteins and associated human protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to identify drug for new indication. The ligands were downloaded from Selleckchem drug data bank in SDF format. Open Babel was used to separate the ligands into their compounds and prepared for docking simulation using shell script and saved as PDBQT. Experimental crystal structures of the receptors (ACE2 and Spike proteins) were retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB), Autodock tools was used to prepare the proteins and saved as PDBQT files. Docking protocols were validated, molecular docking simulations were performed on a Linux platform using AutoDock Vina in quadruplicate. The binding energies (BEs) kcal/mol were calculated and expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Discovery studio was used for visualization. Density Functional Theory (DFT) was used to determine the predictive maximal inhibitory concentration (pIC50) of best hits. Ninety-one (91) new hits were identified for prophylaxis. Four (4) compounds were subjected to DFT based IC50 calculation with molnupiravir as a reference compound. Significantly, calculated IC50 of molnupiravir in Vero cells and Calu-3 were 0.299 and 0.008µM respectively while the experimental IC50 in Vero cells and Calu-3 as reported in literature were 0.3 and 0.08 µM respectively. The newly identified hits are promising therapeutic agents and there is no significant difference between the experimental IC50 of molnupiravir and the calculated IC50.
Understanding farmers’ willingness to pay for health insurance during the COVID-19 pandemic in North Central Nigeria: Application of Turnbull estimator
Authors: Ufedo Monday Shaibu  , Emmanuel Adejoh  , Margaret Onyekunin Omada  , Peter Tuwohu Tukura
Published: April 2024

The global Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic necessitated the need to understand farming households’ willingness to adopt the prepayment method for healthcare service delivery through health insurance. Both developed and developing countries can offer quality healthcare to individuals through health insurance to reduce the ever-increasing out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure. Primary data was used in this study. The multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted in selecting 360 farm households for questionnaire administration in 2020. Contingent valuation was used to obtain relevant information on farm households’ willingness to pay (WTP). Descriptive and inferential (sigma scoring, probit regression model, and Turnbull estimator) statistical tools were used to analyse the data. The results showed a low level of awareness (sigma score = 4.31) of health insurance, however, 80% of the farm households were willing to take health insurance. Awareness of health insurance (β = 0.87), farming experience (β = 0.10), education (β = 0.06), and distance to healthcare centre (β = 0.06) significantly determined farm households’ willingness to take health insurance. Estimates of the contingent valuation revealed that the farm households were willing to pay about $6 ($1 approx 430 NGN as of 2020) per capita in a farming season. In formulating rural health insurance-related policy, the government and relevant stakeholders should consider the estimated mean value. Furthermore, for improved participation in health insurance programs among farm households, farmers’ awareness of health insurance and literacy level should be prioritized.
Principles of the experiment design
Authors: João Gilberto Corrêa da Silva
Published: April 2024

Reference books usually present experiment designs as recipes, one of which should be chosen for each experiment. This approach extends to teaching and leads the researcher to understand that he is limited to the use of these experiment designs. The consequences are the adaptation of research plans to this restrict set of designs and the adoption of inappropriate designs to achieve research objectives. This approach arose from the relatively simple calculations required to analyze the results of experiments with those designs at a time when computing resources were precarious. The evolution of computing resources no longer justifies the restriction to experiment designs that require easy calculations. These resources made possible the elaboration of designs with properties appropriate for efficient experiments. This article considers the properties that constitute principles of the experiment design that must be considered when planning the experiment. Compliance with these principles allows the researcher to elaborate the most appropriate experiment design for each experiment.
FORTIFIKASI Chlorella sp. DALAM PEMBUATAN MIE BASAH
Authors: Kaya Adrianus O. W. , Thenu Johanna L. , Nanlohy Esterlina E. E. M. , Sormin Raja B. D. , Wenno Max R. , Pattipeiluhu Wendly
Published: April 2024

Chlorella sp. merupakan tumbuhan ganggang hijau bersel tunggal, memiliki potensi tinggi dalam pengembangan obat herbal. Chlorella sp. memiliki kandungan gizi yang cukup baik dengan nilai protein 51-58%, lemak 14-22 %, minyak 28-32%, karbohidrat 12-17%, asam nukleat 45% dan serat 0,4%. Melihat dari kandungan yang dimiliki oleh Chlorella sp. dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku fortifikasi produk pangan salah satunya mie basah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai organoleptik dan karakteristik fisik dan kimia mie basah fortifikasi Chlorella sp.. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini   untuk uji organoleptik menunjukan bahwa mie basah tanpa fortifikasi tepung Chlorella sp. dan yang difortifikasi tepung Chlorella sp. 5%, 10% dan 15% masing-masing memperoleh nilai kenampakan yaitu 7,52; 7,23; 7,58; 7,64; nilai aroma 7,17; 6,64; 6,82; 7,05; nilai tekstur 7,47; 7,12; 7,59; 7,35; dan nilai rasa 7,17; 6,88; 7,41; 7,52. Dari hasil organoleptik didapatkan mie basah dengan penambahan tepung Chlorella sp. 15% memiliki nilai terbaik. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian proksimat dan serat pangan dan uji fisik sehigga memperoleh komposisi kimia dari mie basah fortifikasi tepung Chlorella sp. 15% memiliki kandungan air 62,15%, abu 3,12% lemak 5,11% dan protein 7,26%, karbohidrat 22,28%, serat kasar 2,13% dan nilai cooking loss dari sebesar 20%.
Communicative AI and Techno-Semiotic Mediatization: Understanding the Communicative Role of the Machine
Authors: Bolin Göran
Published: April 2024

Mediatization discourse has so far mainly been centered on media from institutional or social-constructionist approaches. The technological developments within communications industries coupled with the wider societal process of datafication might, however, beg for dusting off the smaller, although the long-time existing, technological approach to mediatization as a complement to the two other approaches, in order to understand aspects of automation and human-machine communication. This theoretical article explores how existing mediatization approaches can refocus to include lessons learned from human-machine communication. The first section accounts for the main mediatization approaches. The second section discusses debates on communication, artificiality, and meaning-making. The last section takes the example of the recruitment interview for discussing how mediatization theory can benefit from including a technological approach with an influx from human-machine communication, as well as how human-machine communication can learn from wider discussions within mediatization theory.
Triglyceride Glucose Index as a Predictor of 30-Day Readmission and 6 Months Mortality After Hospitalization in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Rezeki Arindya , Widyantoro Bambang , Rossimarina Vienna , Dwiputra Bambang , Danny Siska Suridanda , Santoso Anwar , Sukmawan Renan
Published: April 2024

Background: Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a cardiovascular disease with high mortality and readmission rates. Currently, insulin resistance has been reported to predict prognosis of ADHF patients. Triglyceride glucose index (TyG) has now been proposed as an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk and a simple marker of insulin resistance. However, the association between TyG and 30-days readmission and 6 months mortality after hospitalization remains unclear.

Objective: To investigate TyG as a predictor of 30-day readmission and 6 months mortality after hospitalization in ADHF patients.

Methods: The study was conducted in a retrospective cohort. Data were taken from medical records based on the admission of patients who met the inclusion criteria from January 2018 – November 2021. The clinical outcomes were 30-days readmission and 6 months mortality. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis and the survival rate of the subjects.

Results: This study included 467 subjects, with 158 subjects have clinical outcomes. The readmission rate is 29% (135 subjects), and 6 month mortality after hospitalization is 5% (23 subjects). Multivariate analysis showed that the factors associated with 30-days readmission were hypertension (p 0.03, HR 1.547, CI 95% 1.044 – 2.291), systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg on admission (p< 0.001, HR 0.441, CI 95% 0.296 – 0.658), triglyceride ³ 150 mg/dL (p 0.012, HR 1.812, CI 95% 1.139 – 2.881), and TyG index (p <0.001, OR 4.594, CI 95% 2.717 – 7.767). Independent factors for 6 months mortality were only no diuretic medication (p 0.02, HR 6.015, CI 95% 1.975 – 18.320).

Conclusion: Triglyceride glucose index can predict 30-days readmission, but does not associated with  6-months mortality in ADHF patients.
Added Value of CHA2DS2-VASc Score to Safe Contrast Volume for Contrast Induced Nephropathy Prediction after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Khalil Wael Ali , Mohammad Mohammad Gouda , Alshaer Mohammad Hossam , Mageed Mohammad Gamal Abd El
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: The CHA2DS2-VASc score is utilized to order the danger of embolization in atrial fibrillation (AF). Also, it has been assessed the worse clinical scenario in acute coronary syndrome patients, regardless of having AF. The study aim was to use CHA2DS2-VASc score  added to the safe contrast volume  (Volume /CrCl) for  contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)  early prediction post PCI.

Patients and Methods:  The study included  two hundred fifty nine  patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention . For each patient, The CHA2DS2-VASc score and Volume /CrCl were evaluated. The patients in our study were divided, according to CIN development into two groups. CIN was identified as a rise in serum creatinine >0.5 mg/dl or >25% increase in baseline within48 to 72 hours after PCI. Statistical analysis:  the receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to detect the best cut off values to predict CIN, and we concluded the predictors of CIN through multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: There was a positive correlation between Mehran score and CHA2DS2-VASc score. Independent predictors of CIN were Mehran score, Volume/CrCl ratio>3.2 and CHA2DS2-VASc >3, CHF or EF < 40%, hypotension, anemia, primary PCI and weight. If the patient had (CHA2DS2-VASc score>3 or Volume/CrCl >3.2), as a single predictor, we could predict CIN with (sensitivity 96.97 %, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.82).

Conclusion: The CHA2DS2-VASc score and Volume/CrCl ratio  are new predictor of CIN, and we can use the CHA2DS2-VASc score , safe contrast volume  for early detection of CIN after PCI.
Laser Hemorrhoidoplasty Using Reusable Bare Fiber Combined Mucopexy on Grade IV Internal Hemorrhoid: A Case Report
Authors: Amsriza Fadli Robby , Fakhriani Rizka
Published: April 2024

Background: Hemorrhoids are the most common anorectal disease, affecting millions worldwide. Hemorrhoids are categorized as "internal" or "external" based on their proximity to the pectinate line, which separates the upper 2/3 and lower 1/3 of the anus. The hemorrhoidal disease can be treated in various ways, from non-invasive methods like rubber band ligation, cryotherapy, sclerotherapy, laser photocoagulation, and phototherapy to invasive methods like surgical excision for patients with severe symptoms, grade III or IV hemorrhoids, or persistent bleeding. This study described the results of Laser Hemorrhoidoplasty (LHP) using reusable bare fiber combined mucopexy, a diode laser with wavelengths of 980 nm and 1470 nm, specifically gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAIAs). Methods: a case of a 28-year-old male with complaints of rectal prolapse mass one day ago and could not be reinserted with a finger, bleeding while passing stool, and rectal pain with a Visual analog scale was 7. The patient had experienced similar symptoms and had a sclerobanding procedure four years ago. However, it has reappeared in the past year. The patient was diagnosed with grade 4 internal hemorrhoids and underwent Conclusion: Laser hemorrhoidoplasty using reusable bare fiber with combined mucopexy. After the laser hemorrhoidoplasty procedure on day 4, the patient felt no pain, rectal bleeding, rectal lumps, or soiling.
Effect Of Rambusa Fruit Extract (Passiflora Foetida) On The Growth Of Streptococcus Pyogenes Bacteria
Authors: Pramana Gede Vito Chandra , Budianto Nugroho Eko Wirawan
Published: April 2024

Streptococcus pyogenes is a bacteria that can attack the epidermis and upper respiratory tract of humans, such as pharyngitis and impetigo. The rambusa plant (Passiflora foetida L) is famous for containing larvicide bioactive compounds. It also contains alkaloids, tannins, coumarins, procyanidins, triterpenoids, flavonoids, citric acid, acetogens, polyphenols, and saponins. A minority of individuals continue to employ this herb sporadically as an antibacterial agent. Intrigued by this phenomenon, the researchers set out to examine the effect of rambusa fruit (Passiflora foetida) administration on the Streptococcus pyogenes bacterium development inhibitory zone. This research uses Only Post Test Control Group Design, exclusively experimental.  The population for this study was Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria obtained from the microbiology laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya.  There were 24 samples in this study, with four repetitions per sample and consisting of 6 groups, including a treatment group with 4 subgroups (10%, 20%, 40%, and 80%), as well as two control groups.  The Mann-Whitney U test showed that a concentration of 80% in the Passiflora foetida fruit extract treatment group resulted in an inhibitory zone diameter of 8.5 mm, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). The conclusion is that administration of rambusa fruit extract (Passiflora foetida) can inhibit bacterial growth of Streptococcus pyogenes, with the average highest inhibitory zone diameter being 8.5 mm
Role of Anemia and Leukocytosis as Severity Predictors of Coronary Artery Disease Stenosis : A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Abduh M Saugi , Triono Muhammad Rizki , Widyastuti Retno
Published: April 2024

Background: Anemia and leukocytosis were found to be associated with conditions that higher the risk for the formation of atherosclerotic plaque which will develop into cardiovascular disease. Basic laboratory parameters such as anemia and leukocytosis are not routinely used to assess Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) severity based on its stenosis. This study aimed to analyze the role of simple laboratory examiantion anemia and leukocytosis as predictors of the severity of stenosis in CAD. Methods: Cross-sectional approach was used in this study. Secondary data on CAD patients treated at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang in 2022 were analyzed. Anemia and leukocytosis are the main risk factors analyzed in this study. Other risk factors such as gender, age, smoking status, hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) were also included in the analysis of this study. We performed bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis to see the relationship between these risk factors and the CAD stenosis severity. Results: Bivariate analysis with chi-square showed that anemia had a significant relationship with CAD severity (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis between anemia and smoking status reported that anemia was the most significant risk factor for the CAD stenosis severity (P<0.05). Conclusion: No association found between leukocytosis and CAD severity.
Examination of Teachers' Opinions on The Concept of New Generation Item According to Some Variables
Authors: Selçuk Eray , Karakaya Ferhat , Yılmaz Mehmet
Published: April 2024

With the replacement of TEOG in 2018 by the LGS, as known a new concept has emerged in the measurement and evaluation. This concept is called the new generation item. This research aims to determine teachers' opinions about new-generation items. This study was designed with a mixed-method strategy. Chi-square analysis was applied to the quantitatively collected data and content analysis was applied to the qualitatively collected data. A total of 192 teachers from 23 different fields participated in the study. The research data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire form prepared by the researchers. 75 (39 %) of the teachers stated that there is no concept of a new generation item, and 117 (71 %) of them stated that there is such a concept. It was found that there was no statistically significant correlation between the branch of the teachers, their professional time and whether they attended any course/seminar/workshop and their answers about the existence of the concept of new generation items. Seven themes were revealed in the qualitative part, where teachers' views on the concept of new generation items were taken. These themes are the Formal view, Skill-based, Taxonomic view, Reading comprehension-based, Reconstructing knowledge, Daily life skills-based, and New view. According to these themes, new generation items predominantly consist of formal reading comprehension and higher-order thinking skills.
Nomenclatural standards of barley cultivars bred by the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture for Northern Trans-Ural Region – Branch of the Tyumen Scientific Research Center SB RAS
Authors: Lebedeva N. V. , Fomina M. N. , Ivanova Yu. S. , Sharapova N. V. , Varganova I. V.
Published: April 2024

The article contains descriptions of the morphological, biological and economic characters of spring barley cultivars ‘Kudesnik’ and ‘Divnyj’ (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. distichon (L.) Körn. var. nutans Körn.) bred by the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture for Northern Trans-Ural Region – Branch of Federal Research Centre Tyumen Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SRIA for NTUR – Branch of Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Tyumen region, Russia) as well as information about the history of spring barley breeding at the said Institute.

As part of this work, the nomenclatural standards of cultivars ‘Kudesnik’ and ‘Divnyj’ were created. The plant material for nomenclatural standards was collected at the Pushkin laboratories of the Research and Production Base “Pushkin and Pavlovsk laboratories of VIRˮ. All plants for making a herbarium specimen of a cultivar were those grown from one seed sample.

The nomenclatural standard of cultivar ‘Kudesnik’ is represented by one herbarium sheet and is duplicated by four herbarium sheets, while the nomenclatural standard of cultivar ‘Divnyj’ is mounted on one herbarium sheet and has three duplicate sheets. Every sheet contains the entire plant at the milky ripeness stage, mature spikes and grain samples.

The nomenclatural standards were produced in accordance with the recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) and registered in the VIR Herbarium database. The herbarium specimens were deposited at the Herbarium of Cultivated Plants of the World, their Wild Relatives and Weeds (WIR) at the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources.
Les traduccions de Josep Vallverdú per a la col·lecció La Cua de Palla: les solucions lèxiques per al trasllat del “mal parlar”
Authors: Espinosa Paula
Published: April 2024

A partir de 1962, va produir-se un augment de traduccions de literatura estrangera al català, encara sota censura, i va sorgir una desavinença referent a l’estil de les traduccions literàries: hi havia partidaris de continuar amb el model noucentista i hi havia els qui el consideraven obsolet i, en alguns contextos, inservible. Josep Vallverdú va ser un dels traductors que intentaven apropar els textos a un públic vast mitjançant un català versemblant i genuí apte per a la literatura escrita. La primera part d’aquest estudi posa en context les traduccions de Vallverdú per a La Cua de Palla i la segona se centra en l’anàlisi descriptiva de la traducció de l’anomenat “mal parlar” i en l’observació d’algunes alternances que revelen una època de transició estilística, en què la traducció s’enfrontava a grans dificultats. Les traduccions que s’analitzen són Una besada abans de morir, La gran dormida i El ritual de la sang.
Rusticatio Mexicana
Authors: Borbolla Vázquez Alejandra
Published: April 2024

Entre 1781 y 1782, el jesuita hispano-guatemalteco, Rafael de Landívar, llevó a las imprentas de Módena y Bolonia en Italia su obra poética que tituló Rusticatio Mexicana. Landívar, partícipe de la expulsión de la Compañía de Jesús de los territorios bajo el dominio de España en 1767, dejó plasmado el conocimiento etnográfico y la descripción minuciosa de algunas actividades productivas que los ignacianos realizaron en el territorio novohispano.
WHY ARE BOOKS CROSSING OCEANS? TO THE HISTORY OF THE BOOK "UKRAINE CRIES" BY ALEXIE PELYPENKO, 1937-2015
Authors:   Інститут української археографії та джерелознавства ім. М.С. Грушевського, Мальшина Катерина , Волобуєв Владислав ,   Національний університет «Запорізька політехніка»
Published: April 2024

The aim of the research. The article deals with the paths of A. Pelypenko's book "Ukraine Cries" (1937) to readers, examines the issues of Bolshevism in the Slovenian cultural and political press at the end of the 1930s, finds out the awareness of Slovenians about the events in Ukraine and the Bolshevist terror against the Ukrainian population in the 1920s–30s, the impact of the content of this book on Slovenian society through clarifying the details of the biography of Father A. Pelypenko, expanding knowledge about the fate of Ukrainian immigrants (using the example of a Ukrainian clergyman’s biography) and the interaction of the Ukrainian and Slovenian diasporas in Argentina. Scientific novelty of the research. Neither Pelypenko's writing activities nor his biography have yet become the subject of research in Ukraine. Conclusions. At the end of the 1930s, the Bolshevist terror was the first topic of the cultural and political press in Slovenia. The book "Ukraine cries" by the Ukrainian clergyman Alexius Pelypenko (1893–1983), published first in Germamy in 1937, then in Slovenia in 1939–1940, gained the greatest resonance. The book enriched Slovenes' awareness of events in Ukraine with new information and details. The content of the book was so significant that it crossed the Atlantic three times on its way to the people: it went from Germany to Slovenia, then to the USA, and again to Slovenia, and from there to Argentina, and again to Slovenia. This is an eyewitness account of real events in the village of Volovodivka during the famine artificially created by the Bolsheviks in Ukraine in 1921–1923, and it describes part of the author's biography in a slightly modified form. Fate took Father Pelypenko first to the fronts of the First World War, then to his native Podillia, and from there – to the West of Ukraine, Poland, Germany, and Argentina. The familiarity of Slovenes with this book may have helped Pelipenko in Argentina, where he received the support of the Slovene priest in emigration, Jozef Kastelic (1888–1940). The reciprocity of Slovenian and Ukrainian diasporas in Argentina can be traced through their neighboring settlements in Buenos Aires. There was much in common in the spiritual life of immigrants to Argentina as well. Pelypenko is the author of 26 books and numerous articles, all of which affect Ukrainian people and the Ukrainian Orthodox Church under the yoke of communism to some extent. Interest in the events and Bolshevist terror in Ukraine in the world did not weaken during the Cold War and later, especially after the beginning of Russian aggression against Ukraine in 2014, which in February 2022 resulted in a full-scale war. Pelypenko's book shows that Russia's policy towards Ukraine has not changed in the 21st century.
POLICY OF THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT IN THE QUESTION OF FIGHTING CHILDREN'S HOMELESSNESS IN THE 1920'S - MID-1930'S: ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL BASIS
Authors:   Сумський державний педагогічний університет імені А.С. Макаренка, Сокирська Владилена , Крупеня Ірина ,   Сумський державний педагогічний університет імені А.С. Макаренка
Published: April 2024

The aim of the work: to investigate the measures and results of the state's activities to overcome child homelessness in the 1920s – 1930s, to reveal the practical activities of the joint efforts of the state and the public in solving this issue. The research methodology was made up of general scientific principles of historicism, objectivity and systematicity, and also used general scientific and special research methods. The application of the principle of objectivity made it possible to consider the subject of research taking into account the objective laws that determined the processes of socio-economic development of Ukraine in the 1920s and 1930s. The principle of historicism made it possible to comprehensively analyze the problem chosen for research in its dynamics. The scientific novelty is represented by the analysis of the main forms, principles, most essential features and peculiarities of the functioning of the system of state assistance to children, measures to prevent the further increase in the level of child homelessness and crime, and their author's periodization was carried out. Conclusions. The situation that led to an increase in the number of homeless children in the 1920s and 1930s required the Soviet authorities to organize relevant state structures and take effective measures of a practical nature. In the Ukrainian SSR, issues of childhood protection and overcoming child homelessness were dealt with by specialized People's Commissariats of Education, Health Care, and Social Protection, as well as state commissions and public organizations. The rapid growth of child homelessness discredited and called into question the ideological principles of the Soviet government in the eyes of the population of the republics and the international community, forcing them to look for a way out of this situation. The elimination of the problem was hampered by the lack of a comprehensive approach, which would allow covering the entire range of tasks. The low organizational level of the low-level government apparatus did not lead to finding a proper and quick solution to the problem. These and other issues demonstrated the weakness of the Soviet state system, hindered the timely resolution of assigned tasks, which affected the solution to the problem of homelessness in general.
المناعة النفسية لدى المتعافين من جائحة كورونا
Authors: فلاح عجيل يوسف التميمي  , أ.م.د. مالك فضيل عبد الله القريشي
Published: April 2024

هدف البحث الحالي التعرف على مستوى المناعة النفسية لدى المتعافين من جائحة كورونا وتكون مجتمع البحث من (16666) فرد وتم اختيار عينة البحث البالغ عددها (400) فرد من المتعافين من جائحة كورونا في محافظة واسط (مركز مدينة الكوت) للعام (2020-2021)من عمر (18 - 50) سنة لكلا الجنسين بمختلف تحصيلهم الدراسي وبعد اطلاع الباحث على الأدبيات والدراسات السابقة لم يجد الباحث اداة مناسبة تخص عينة البحث وقام الباحث ببناء مقياس البحث ، وكان مقياس المناعة النفسية مكون من (30) فقرة ، وتم استخراج الخصائص السيكومترية للمقياس، حيث قام الباحث استخراج الصدق الظاهري للمقياس ، وكذلك تم التحقق من مؤشرات صدق البناء ، وتم استخراج الثبات بطريقتي (الاختبار واعادة الاختبار، والفاكرونباخ ) بالاعتماد على عينة قوامها (40) فرد ، وحُللِّ البيانات إحصائياً باستعمال الحقيبة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS) وأظهرت النتائج ما يأتي: تمتع المتعافين من جائحة كورونا بقدر جيد من المناعة النفسية  وفي ضوء النتائج توصل الباحث إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات والمقترحات.

الكلمات المفتاحيّة: المناعة النفسية, المتعافون من جائحة كورونا.
تحدي جمال الواقع الافتراضي في رواية دامبلين لجولي مورفي
Authors: نور نعمه حذيه  , أ. د ازهار حميد منخي
Published: April 2024

تناقش هذه الورقة مفهوم معايير الجمال في رواية دامبلين للكاتبة جولي مورفي، استنادًا إلى نظرية الواقعية الافتراضية لجان بودريار. تستكشف الورقة كيف تم بناء وتشويه تصور المجتمع للجمال من خلال وسائط الإعلام والإعلان والتلاعب الرقمي. الواقعية الافتراضية تشير إلى حالة تصبح فيها الحدود بين الواقع والمحاكاة غامضة، مما يؤدي إلى تمثيل مبالغ فيه ومثالي للواقع. معايير الجمال، التي تأثرت تقليديًا بالقيم والمثل الثقافية، أصبحت الآن تتأثر بالأعلام بشكل متزايد. تستكشف الدراسة دور الإيجابية والثقة في التصدي للتأثيرات السلبية لصناعة الجمال. علاوة على ذلك، تحلل الورقة محاولة الشخصيات الرئيسية لتحدي معايير الجمال الافتراضية بما أنها يمكن أن تسبب عدم الرضا عن الصورة الجسدية وانخفاض التقدير الذاتي.
مظاهر التحيز ضد المرأة في المجتمع من وجهة نظر طالبات كلية التربية للعلوم الإنسانية
Authors: م. د. ماجد قاسم خالد
Published: April 2024

هدف البحث التعرف على مظاهر التحيز ضد المرأة في المجتمع، وشمل البحث عينة عشوائية مكونة من (100) طالبة من طالبات أقسام كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية للسنة الدراسية 2021/2022 وقد اعد الباحث استبيانا مكونا من (51) فقرة يجاب عليها باختيار واحد من البدائل الخمسة (أوافق تماما، أوافق غالبا، أوافق أحيانا، لا أوافق، لا أوافق أطلاقا) وقد استخرج صدق اداة البحث بطريقة الصدق الظاهري، واستخرج الثبات بطريقة التطبيق واعادة التطبيق وبلغ معامل الثبات بهذه الطريق (0,966)

أما الوسائل الإحصائية المستخدمة في الدراسة فهي النسبة المئوية والوزن النسبي وقد أظهرت النتائج ما يأتي:

أكثر مظاهر التحيز شيوعا هي: الفقرات (44) عندما يخطئ الشاب فان المجتمع يغض النظر عن ذلك وعندما تخطئ الفتاة فلا مجال لمسامحتها و(26)  ينتقد المجتمع بكثرة زي المرأة بينما لا ينتقد زي الشباب وان كان غير مناسب. و(47) التحرش بالفتيات منتشر في مجتمعنا. و(31) تعاني الطالبة اكثر من الطالب في الانتقال في دوامها من والى المنزل. و(29)  اذا تعرضت البنت للتحرش فان اهلها يعاقبونها وان كانت مظلومة. و(17)  مجتمعنا يحكم على الطالبات من خلال المظهر دون المعايير الموضوعية الأخرى. و(22) بعض الاسر لا تسمح للبنت التسجيل في كليات التربية البدنية والتربية الفنية. و(7) يفهم افراد المجتمع التعاليم الدينية فهما خاطئا بحيث يلقون اللوم فيما يحدث على المرأة. و(36)  معاملة المجتمع للذكور متساهلة بينما معاملته للاناث متشددة. و(48) الادوار القيادية في مجتمعنا مقتصرة على الرجال.
القيادة المدمرة وعلاقتها بالاداء الوظيفي لدى مديري المدارس الثانوية من وجهة نظر الهيئة التعليمية
Authors: م. حيدر عبد الرزاق غفوري
Published: April 2024

هدف البحث التعرف على درجة  القيادة المدمرة وعلاقتها بالاداء الوظيفي لدى مديري المدارس الثانوية  من وجهة نظر الهيئة التعليمية والفروق وفقا لمتغير الجنس (ذكور – إناث) ,والتعرف على الفروق في الأداء الوظيفي , و تكونت عينة الدراسة من (200) عضوا من أعضاء الهيئة التعليمية , وتم تطبيق مقياس البحث ( مقياس القيادة المدمرة) من اعداد (غنيم 2021), و(مقياس الاداء الوظيفي ) وهو من إعداد (غربي ويحياوي 2014) , وقد اسفرت نتائج الدراسة عن ,

أن لدى المديري يتمتعون بدرجة منخفضة من القيادة المدمرة  .
أن لدى المديري يتمتعون بالأداء الوظيفي بشكل عال
وجود علاقة سلبية ذات دلالة احصائية بين القيادة المدمرة والاداء الوظيفي.

 على وفق نتائج الدراسة اوصت الباحث ببعض التوصيات والمقترحات
A Proposed Definition of Psychological Treatment and Its Relation to Empirically Supported Treatments
Authors: Tolin David , Grasso Damion , Boness Cassandra L. , Beck J Gayle , Keane Terence M. , Leichsenring Falk , Olatunji Bunmi , Otto Michael , Weinand Jonathan
Published: April 2024

This article describes the work of a task force, commissioned by the American Psychological Association’s Society of Clinical Psychology (SCP), to define “psychological treatment.” We discuss SCP’s rationale for needing such a definition, including the potential for non-psychological interventions to be considered under the current model of empirically supported treatments. The task force, in collaboration with the membership of SCP, proposes the following definition: Psychological treatment is an intervention consisting of specific actions between a person or persons and a mental health professional or designee, with the intent of engaging cognitive, emotional, behavioral, or interpersonal processes, in the service of modifying health or functional outcomes, and whose core assumptions about its procedures and mechanisms of change are founded in psychological science and consistent with scientific understanding. We outline our thinking around this definition and discuss alternatives that were rejected. The definition proposed here is largely consistent with the clinical practice guidelines of the American Psychological Association, though we note that at least one of those guidelines goes well beyond interventions that could reasonably be called psychological treatments. Potential uses and misuses of this definition are outlined, and we suggest additional areas for exploration and clarification.
How the genetics of cognitive and non-cognitive skills influence intergenerational social mobility
Authors: Bonomi Bezzo Franco , Hughes Amanda , Wolfram Tobias , Morris Tim , Andersen Gøsta Esping
Published: April 2024

Research on intergenerational transmission of advantage highlights the enduring influence of parental socio-economic status on offspring’s social mobility. Besides parental background, individual skills and choices significantly shape adult socio-economic position. Our study stands out on two dimensions. One, it investigates the interplay between cognitive and non-cognitive skills, social origins, genetic predispositions with a systematic focus on gender similarities and differences. Two, it explores the influence of these factors on educational attainment and also on social class destinations. We use data from the 1958 UK Birth Cohort study. Gender-specific patterns reveal women's greater direct effect of observed skills on educational attainment, contrasting with men's stronger correlations with parental status and social class. Overall, while parental socio-economic status and genetic predispositions are influential, observed skills exert a stronger impact on socio-economic outcomes, especially among men and those from higher socio-economic backgrounds.
The Unification of Life and Physics: An Intrinsically Physical Process
Authors: Orquiza João Carlos , Orquiza João Carlos
Published: April 2024

This essay examines the premise that life is intrinsically a physical phenomenon, arguing that all biological processes are governed by the same physical laws that govern the universe. Physics, as a central discipline, unveils the interactions between matter, energy, and genetic information in biological systems. Processes such as neurovascular dynamics mapped through photon microscopy and the autonomous regulation of cells exemplify direct physical governance. The investigation also highlights the role of light, as elucidated by Einstein's photoelectric effect, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921, emphasizing how light fundamentally influences biological processes at the molecular level. The essay concludes that understanding the complexity of life and its sustainability is inseparable from recognizing the fundamental physical laws that shape it.
Reporting and Methodological Quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Malnutrition in the East African Community: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Sagam Caleb Kimutai , Owino Eddy Johnson , Were Lisa , Otieno Jenifer Akoth , Nyanchoka Moriasi , Munezero Belyse , Butoyi Jean M. , Nyabenda6 Oscar , Ndibanje Gildas , Niyukuri Jonathan , Felo Maurice , Ochodo Eleanor
Published: April 2024

Background: Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs), serve as a framework for healthcare professionals to support therapeutic decisions and best practices for optimising patient care. However, if the guidelines do not sufficiently address all the important components of optimal care, their quality, validity, and impact are reduced. Despite multiple interventions, cases of malnutrition are still high due to the several factors linked to them. Therefore, there is a need to establish the methodological quality of malnutrition CPGs. Objective: To review and critically appraise the methodological quality of CPGs in managing malnutrition within the East African Community (EAC). Methods: We intend to focus on Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition (IMAM) and Community Integrated Management of Malnutrition (CIMAM) guidelines. We will also focus on guidelines written in English or French and published in the last five years from the last search date or the latest guideline available. We will search the Ministry of Health websites of the EAC countries: Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, South Sudan, Burundi, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. We will also search Health associations of the respective countries and their e-repositories. Using Google Search Engine, we will use the search terms "clinical practice guidelines, "nutrition guidelines", "nutrition protocols", "health guidelines"," "IMAM", "CIMAM" and "country". Five reviewers will independently select CPGs and extract data in English and French guidelines. We will conduct a quality assessment using the online version of the AGREE II tool across six domains and using the RIGHT reporting checklist. Descriptive statistics will be analysed using STATA software version 17 (Stata Corp LLC, College TX).
Studying and improving reasoning in humans and machines
Authors: Yax Nicolas , Anlló Hernán , Palminteri Stefano
Published: April 2024

In the present study, we investigate and compare reasoning in large language models (LLM) and humans using a selection of cognitive psychology tools traditionally dedicated to the study of (bounded) rationality. To do so, we presented to human participants and an array of pretrained LLMs new variants of classical cognitive experiments, and cross-compared their performances. Our results showed that most of the included models presented reasoning errors akin to those frequently ascribed to error-prone, heuristic-based human reasoning. Notwithstanding this superficial similarity, an in-depth comparison between humans and LLMs indicated important differences with human-like reasoning, with models’ limitations disappearing almost entirely in more recent LLMs’ releases. Moreover, we show that while it is possible to devise strategies to induce better performance, humans and machines are not equally-responsive to the same prompting schemes. We conclude by discussing the epistemological implications and challenges of comparing human and machine behavior for both artificial intelligence and cognitive psychology.
Causal inference tools for pharmacovigilance: using causal graphs to identify and address biases in disproportionality analysis.
Authors: Fusaroli Michele , Mitchell Joseph , Rudolph Annette , Rocca Elena , Fusaroli Riccardo
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Disproportionality analysis, finding associations in the co-reporting of drugs and events, is used in pharmacovigilance to detect signals of potential adverse drug reactions. Due to its susceptibility to biases, disproportionality analysis is generally relegated to hypothesis generation, and its integration into the broader evidence landscape is controversial. Objective: We showcase how Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) can enhance disproportionality analysis for causal inference and simplify its inclusion in evidence synthesis. Methods: We introduce a DAG-based causal framework to systematically address biases in disproportionality analyses (e.g. confounding, collider, measurement errors, and reporting biases). We chose case studies from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System to illustrate its application, using the Information Component as a disproportionality metric and restriction as conditioning. Results: DAGs enable the formalization of existing knowledge and causal assumptions, optimize the design of disproportionality analysis to mitigate biases – enhancing sensitivity against negative biases, and specificity against positive biases –, improve communication, and guide follow-up studies to address residual confounding. Under-characterization of reports makes so that restricting to reports mentioning the confounder is generally better than the opposite.Conclusion: Evaluating and mitigating biases with DAGs leads to more reliable and knowledge-based safety signals, reducing and mapping the gap between what we find (association) and what we look for (causation). Further research is needed to tailor DAGs to pharmacovigilance challenges, map factors underlying differential reporting bias, and develop workflows for better-integrating disproportionality analysis results into evidence synthesis.
Conformational Control over Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Metalloenzymes
Authors: Fatima Saman , Olshansky Lisa
Published: April 2024

From the reduction of dinitrogen to the oxidation of water, the chemical transformations catalyzed by metalloenzymes underlie global geo- and biochemical cycles. These reactions represent some of the most kinetically and thermodynamically challenging processes known. They require the complex choreography of nature’s fundamental building blocks: electrons and protons, to be carried out with utmost precision and accuracy; mistimed synchronicity can be fatal. Gated by macrostructural conformational changes, the rate-determining steps of catalysis in many of these enzymes consist of protein structural rearrangements. Accordingly, a pattern emerges in which it appears that nature has evolved to leverage changes in macromolecular protein structure to control changes in the metallocofactor microstructure. This critical review defines (where possible) and discusses the detailed molecular mechanisms of how metalloenzymes are able to efficiently convert allosteric binding energy into activation energy through conformational gating. Here, the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanisms in biology stand as a paradigm for the interplay between molecular and electronic structural control. Taking nitrogenase, photosystem II, and ribonucleotide reductase as examples, we present the culmination of decades of study on each of these systems to clarify what is known regarding the interplay between structural changes and functional outcomes in these metalloenzyme linchpins.
Tangible Stats: An Embodied and Multimodal Platform for Teaching Data and Statistics to Blind and Low Vision Students
Authors: Fan Danyang , Kim Gene S-H , Tomassetti Olivia , Patel Shloke N , O'Modhrain Sile , Lee Victor , Follmer Sean
Published: April 2024

Interactive data learning tools provide explorable ways for students to build intuitions about data, data representations, and statistical parameters. However, these tools rely on visual consumption and are not accessible to blind and low vision (BLV) students. In this work, we investigate opportunities to leverage active exploration, enriched with multimodal feedback and embodied interaction, to foster an understanding of the relationships among individual data values, data representations, and statistical measures. We explore these opportunities in the form of an accessible learning platform that allows students to hear and feel how statistical measures are changing in real time as they construct and manipulate physicalized data representations. We introduced the platform to four teachers of students with visual impairments (TVIs) through a two-hour-long focus group. TVIs embraced the platform's exploratory nature and universality and recommended the consideration of additional auditory and texture-based interactions to enhance engagement.
Letters Directionality Effects on the Inhibition of Mirror Generalization in the Recognition of Objects: Evidence From the Negative Priming Paradigm
Authors: de Araújo Maria Veiga , Oliveira Helena M. , Campos Ana Duarte , Soares Ana Paula
Published: April 2024

Previous studies have shown that inhibiting the mirror generalisation mechanism in recognising letters/words containing reversible and non-reversible letters has a right-asymmetry bias. In this paper, we analysed for the first time whether this bias can also be observed in the visual recognition of objects as a “collateral” effect of literacy on cognition. To test this, we asked participants to decide whether pairs of letters (used as primes) and pairs of animals (used as probes) were the same or different. Probes of identical (and non-identical) animals presented in mirror and non-mirror positions were preceded by right- or left-oriented reversible and non-reversible letters. Results showed that participants were slower at recognizing images of the same animals presented in mirror than in non-mirror positions (indicative of a negative priming effect) when they were preceded by right-oriented reversible and by left-oriented non-reversible letters, suggesting that the directionality of the letters impact object recognition.