bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moving On
Authors: Parsons David L.
Published: January 2018

This chapter outlines the coffeehouse network's later years, when the administration of President Richard Nixon dramatically shifted to tone and direction of the war in Vietnam. Coffeehouses evolved to become more dynamic institutions, responding to an entirely new set of issues. They also encountered significant financial and personnel setbacks, as national antiwar organizations struggled and split apart. This chapter pays particular attention to the "FTA Show," a celebrity-studded antiwar revue that toured the coffeehouse network in 1971.
Epilogue
Authors: Parsons David L.
Published: January 2018

This epilogue considers the coffeehouse movement within the wider context of American military history, particularly with regard to dissent and activism. This chapter concludes with a consideration of 21st century GI resistance, profiling a number of projects that build on the Vietnam era coffeehouse model.
Good Young Chileans
Authors: Barr-Melej Patrick
Published: January 2018

The imperatives of censuring and limiting the cultural heterodoxy of young people, in combination with the polemical barrages being exchanged among sociopolitical foes over counterculture, accorded particular utility to the subject of this chapter: the “good young Chilean.” The era’s foremost political factions each defined their own activist youths as good young Chileans who stood in contrast to both countercultural youths and their opponents’ young militants. For the Left, projections of the good young Marxist were particularly useful in discerning what properly revolutionary conduct was or should be in light of the revolutionary pursuits of Siloists and other heterodox youths. But intergenerational friction arose within leftist ranks as some young radicals gravitated toward forms of personal agency and expression that typically were associated with counterculture.
A Mecca for the Cultivated and Wealthy
Authors: Busch Andrew M.
Published: January 2018

This chapter investigates how race relations and geography changed after World War One and how Austin leaders used urban planning to both improve and segregate the city after World War One. Numerous urban race riots across the country and increasing numbers of permanent Mexican residents in Austin encouraged Austin leaders to hasten segregation. As planners improved natural areas like urban creeks, they simultaneously incentivized the removal of minorities from those areas. Zoning and restrictive covenants removed industry from white neighborhoods and allowed it in minority areas. By the 1940s, the city was heavily segregated.
Building a City of Upper-Middle-Class Citizens
Authors: Busch Andrew M.
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores intensifying segregation in the postwar era and argues that segregation was an important component of the city’s growth model. Even in a relatively liberal city like Austin, racial relations took a backseat to economic and demographic growth. City leaders used federally-sponsored urban renewal to remake the landscape, but doing so necessitated dispossessing thousands of minorities and destroying their neighborhoods. African Americans, in particular, had trouble finding new homes. By the 1970s Austin was more segregated than at any time before.
More and More Enlightened Citizens
Authors: Busch Andrew M.
Published: January 2018

This chapter looks at the nascent environmental movement in Austin in the 1960s and 1970s. It argues that, while early environmentalists achieved many victories and set the tone for later environmental issues in Austin, they also demonstrated a lack of understanding of minority issues and sometimes directly undermined minority communities. Environmentalists fought the business community and worked to maintain public open space, beautify the city, and stave off undesirable development. They sponsored a public planning initiative, Austin Tomorrow, which gave citizens a greater voice in planning Austin’s growth. But their plans often imagined minority places as sites of white middle class leisure. They also failed to incorporate minorities into Austin Tomorrow.
William Henry Sheppard’s Country of My Forefathers
Authors: Dworkin Ira
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the work of a former Hampton student who also traveled to the Congo in 1890 as cofounder of the American Presbyterian Congo Mission (APCM). Sheppard’s articles and speeches circulated widely through networks of HBCUs, the press, and the church. In particular, his 1899 eyewitness report on the brutal practice of hand-severing became a foundational document for Congo Reform Association (CRA) activists like E. D. Morel and Mark Twain. Sheppard’s writings tell a different story than canonical literary portraits of the region like Joseph Conrad’s novel Heart of Darkness by exhibiting an appreciation for the voices of the Congolese people, a point which was emphasized when, after being charged with libel by the colonial authorities, Sheppard arranged for Congolese witnesses to testify in his defense. After his forced retirement from the APCM in 1910, he continued to work on behalf of the Congo, speaking to prominent audiences throughout the United States.
The Chickens Coming Home to Roost
Authors: Dworkin Ira
Published: January 2018

This chapter presents Malcolm X’s travels in Africa during the months leading up to the Stanleyville (Kisangani) crisis of November 1964. Speeches, diaries, correspondence, FBI surveillance reports, and circumstantial evidence indicate that, during the final months of his life, Malcolm X may have been involved in recruiting African American volunteers through the OAAU (Organization of Afro-American Unity) and the OAU (Organization of African Unity) to serve in the Congo as mercenaries in opposition to white South African forces, a project that may have been a model for a similar effort soon undertaken by Che Guevara. In the wake of the 1964 U.S. airlift of Belgian paratroopers into Stanleyville to rescue white hostages, Malcolm spoke of the history of hand-severing, a reference which links him to Sheppard. Malcolm’s frequent commentary on the subject, in many of his most important forums during the final year of his life, locates the trajectory of African American involvement in the Congo at the center of his political vision and organizational praxis, and, by extension, at the heart of modern Black nationalism.
Crews and Outside Influences
Authors: Ewoodzie Joseph C.
Published: January 2018

Chapter 4 adds more empirical evidence about how new actors became part of the scene. More particularly, it explains how actors came together to form DJing and MCing crews, an important form of social organization in the nascent hip hop world. It shows that the number of members in each crew, the required skills and responsibilities of each member of the crew, the styles of their performance, the venues of shows, and attire all came to hold great significance for the internal logic of the emerging entity. Additionally, it examines external factors that shaped conventions. It investigates the significance of performance routines and fashion and the impact of the New York City blackout of 1977. Further, it discuss how the term “hip hop” itself became adopted as the name for the scene, something that, surprisingly, previous historians of hip hop have ignored.
MCs Take the Stage
Authors: Ewoodzie Joseph C.
Published: January 2018

This chapter shows how MCs became the dominant participants in hip hop. In addition, the chapter argues that it is because of this important shift that The Sugar Hill Gang, a crew from New Jersey that did not have any symbolic capital prior to releasing their song “Rapper’s Delight,” became a household name. This final chapter also brings to a culmination an analysis that has been unfolding throughout the preceding chapters, namely, how hip hop developed cultural and social attributes. By demonstrating how it developed these attributes, it shows another aspect of the endurance of an emerging entity. On how it became cultural, it draws together examples of how it instilled in participants a real or imagined sense of distinction between themselves and the outside world; formed among them a sense of mutual connection and responsibility; and shaped how they expressed themselves (e.g., through gestures, postures, and language). In regard to how it became social, it shows how it shaped the behaviour of participants even in aspects of their lives not directly related to the entity or other participants therein (e.g., decisions regarding how to spend their time, how to lead their lives, or how to serve their community).
Conclusion
Authors: Ewoodzie Joseph C.
Published: January 2018

The first section provides includes an assessment of what can be added to our understanding of how hip hop started. It points especially to areas for in which more data are needed. It also provides sketches of how one might use the theoretical framework developed in this work to study the evolution of hip hop beyond the 1970s. The second section concerns how the theoretical arguments in this book can go beyond the world of hip hop and be put to use in studies of the birth of similar entities, such as other musical forms (rock n’ roll or jazz), professions, academic disciplines, racial groups, and nations. The final sections of the chapter presents the substantive implications of this work. As opposed to the popular narrative that portrays life in the South Bronx during the 1970s as the quintessence of social and personal disorganization, the story of hip hop shows that, at least among youth, the South Bronx was a place of creative vibrancy with its own form of social order. It argues that, if we look closely, we shall see that other American ghettoes also exhibited (and continue to exhibit) such vivacity.
Chiropractors on Parade
Authors: Folk Holly
Published: January 2018

Chapter five addresses the eclipse of D. D. Palmer by his son, in leading both the proprietary school and the burgeoning chiropractic profession. B. J. Palmer presented himself as the rightful heir and loyal exponent of his father’s ideas, but he used legal measures and the court of opinion to block D. D.’s involvement in the chiropractic movement. It is in this climate of marginalization, the chapter argues, that D. D. Palmer made his most elaborate “religious turn,” with the creation of the Third Chiropractic Theory. Living in Southern California, D. D. Palmer befriended the metaphysical writer William Juvenal Colville. This chapter analyzes the Third Chiropractic Theory, and considers the possible influence of Theosophical ideas for its emphasis on “Tone” and “Vibration.” It compares D. D. Palmer’s Chiropractic Philosophy with the spiritual theories proposed by Andrew Taylor Still, creator of osteopathy, after he was sidelined from his profession.
History Repeats
Authors: Folk Holly
Published: January 2018

The sixth chapter shows how the biography of B. J. Palmer recapitulated situations faced by his father. Endowed with energy and creativity, B. J. Palmer was dispossessed of leadership when a rationalizing profession rejected proprietary models, especially B. J.’s autocratic claims to power. This was symbolized by B. J.’s forceful introduction of the Neurocalometer, a controversial proprietary device that split the membership of the Universal Chiropractors Association. The chapter considers how in later life B. J. Palmer made a “spiritual turn” toward New Thought that imparted an elaborate metaphysics to Chiropractic Philosophy, which endures in the Straight chiropractic movement. When B. J. Palmer died in 1961, his son, David Daniel Palmer, was already managing most of the day-to-day operations at the P.S.C. “Dave” Palmer aligned the soon renamed Palmer College of Chiropractic with mainstream standards of education. The chiropractic profession also normalized its position in American society, with a series of legal and policy victories, including the federal anti-trust lawsuit, Wilk vs. A.M.A.
Introduction
Authors: Gaines Alisha
Published: January 2018

The Introduction begins with a personal anecdote. Unaware of the complicated politics of racial impersonation, Gaines blackened a fellow student for her high school’s revival of the 1947 Broadway musical, Finian’s Rainbow. In the musical’s complicated plotline, magically becoming black for a day was the only corrective remedy to the racism of a white, Southern legislator terrorizing his constituents. Moving from the personal to a close reading of Finian’s Rainbow, the introduction establishes the postwar temporality and theoretical scaffolding for the rest of the book. The introduction establishes the link between these racial experiments in temporary blackness and the politics of American liberalism by considering Gunnar Myrdal’s influential sociological tome, An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. In it, Myrdal concluded that the solution to the “Negro problem” “rested in the heart and mind of the [white] American.” This false conclusion enabled the genealogy of “empathetic racial impersonation” detailed in the rest of the book. It argues these racial experiments come into vogue when the United States, as an emerging, postwar superpower, attempts to understand its racial past, present, and future. It then unpacks how and why empathetic racial impersonation resurges during moments of racial and sociopolitical crisis.
Good Niggerhood
Authors: Gaines Alisha
Published: January 2018

This chapter considers the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette ace reporter Ray Sprigle’s four weeks traveling through the Jim Crow South “passing for black” in 1948. In the subsequent 21-part series, “I Was a Negro in the South for 30 Days,” Sprigle writes how he is desperate to experience and document the most extreme aspects of Southern racism or “Dixie terror;” however, Sprigle only managed to “yessir” his way throughout the South becoming what he calls a “good nigger.” After Sprigle failed to experience the Dixie terrifying racism he needed to validate his experiment, the chapter argues that “good niggerhood,” a performance of cautious and respectable, black masculinity, undermined the integrity and ultimate goals of his project. The chapter argues that Sprigle attempted to save his failing racial expedition by parroting the language of iconic sentimental texts such as Uncle Tom’s Cabin. The chapter then uses James Baldwin’s trenchant critique of sentimental literature, “Everybody’s Protest Novel,” to expose a cultural overinvestment in this kind of racial experiment.
I Feel the Earth Move
Authors: Kutulas Judy
Published: January 2018

Singer-songwriters in the early 1970s played a key role in helping younger Americans define a different pattern of romance than their parents’ experiences, one focused around serial monogamy. Singer-songwriters helped to model these new patterns both with their songs and their publicly-lived lives.
Labor-Management Relations
Authors: Sparks Edith
Published: January 2018

The experiences of Lewis, Beech and Rudkin reveal that these female business leaders did not behave as champions of employees or women as feminists then and now might have hoped. Instead, they acted in commonplace ways as architects of a “new welfare capitalism” characteristic of American companies starting in the 1930s and made labor-management decisions designed to blunt the impact of unions within their companies like so many business leaders in the middle of the twentieth century. Leveraging the language of family, they built companies that asserted overtly employee-oriented policies that rewarded loyalty and efficiency with strong wages, benefits and noblesse oblige for the workers they wished to retain long term. All of them relied on this approach as a way to maintain control of labor-management relations, as an expedient business strategy and as one ideologically resonant with their beliefs. Lewis, Beech and Rudkin were business leaders of their time, evangelists for the free enterprise system, in favour of less government regulation, and in support of company cultures that treated their employees as resources with a responsibility to increase the company’s profit margin.
Mickey Spillane’s Necropolis
Authors: Tochterman Brian
Published: January 2018

This chapter links the biography and ideology of best-selling pulp author Mickey Spillane with the emergent image of the dying city after World War II. Spillane crafted an image of New York City as physically decaying, demographically in flux, and overrun by violent criminals. These problems required an authoritarian response, illustrated by the character of Mike Hammer, a private investigator turned vigilante who skirts due process to restore order. Spillane’s work offered a template for various critics of New York in the postwar era, as demonstrated in the chapters that follow.
Farewell to the Universal City
Authors: Tochterman Brian
Published: January 2018

Focusing on the Summer 1961 issue of Dissent, which was a multifaceted examination of New York City and its problems, this chapter shows how the image of the city in decline played a role in the unravelling of the “New York Intellectuals.” Contributors from the “Old Left” split with contributors from the “New Left” in their depictions of New York at this critical juncture. This had implications not only for ideology at a personal level for these intellectuals, but for the governing ideology around urbanism during a period of crisis.
The Cuban Summer of C. Wright Mills
Authors: Treviño A. Javier
Published: January 2018

This chapter places Mills’s experiences in Cuba in the larger sociohistorical contemporaneous context. It depicts the major social and political transformations in the revolutionary process that were transpiring at the time Mills was on the island. It also considers wider global events of that summer, against the backdrop of Cold War tensions, of pertinence to Castro’s Cuba. In addition, the chapter describes the effervescent mood that permeated the island during Mills’s visit.
Sold It to the Devil
Authors: Gussow Adam
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on the first recorded devil blues song, Clara Smith's "Done Sold My Soul to the Devil" (1924). Public anxiety about the moral hazards experienced by black female migrants to the urban North offers one context for the song, but so does the rejection of Victorian morality by a transracial cohort of Lost Generation youth for whom the devil was an admirable figure rather than fear-inducing phantom: a master of the revels and instigator of "bad behavior" of the sort playfully chastised by Fats Waller in "There's Gonna Be the Devil to Pay." Couples dancing was a key issue: both black and white ministers condemned it, along with the "devil dance dens" in which it supposedly thrived, but blues singers like Gertrude "Ma" Rainey and Sippie Wallace sang songs in which they partied with the devil—joyously in Rainey's case, uneasily in Wallace's.
Real Democracy is Found on the Links
Authors: Demas Lane
Published: January 2018

This chapter charts the earliest examples of African American involvement with golf, ranging from the eighteenth century to World War I. It argues that black people shaped the American game from its very beginning as caddies, players, and course designers in the South (like Joseph Bartholomew in New Orleans). It also explores how middle-class black players became some of the first golf enthusiasts of any race in northern cities, like George Franklin Grant (Boston) and Walter Speedy (Chicago). It concludes by introducing some of the first black professional players, including John Shippen, and analyzing their relationship with the early United States Golf Association (USGA) and Professional Golfers’ Association (PGA).
Watering Brazil’s Desert
Authors: Buckley Eve E.
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on the drought agency agronomists who established irrigated smallholder colonies and agricultural extension posts in the sertão, highlighting the challenges they faced from several quarters: civil engineers whose projects competed with theirs for federal funds; elites who opposed the land expropriation and empowerment of marginal farmers inherent in any irrigated smallholding project; and sertanejo farmers who did not readily embrace agronomists’ recommendations for more intensive cultivation methods. The leading figures in this story are IFOCS agronomists José Augusto Trinidade and José Guimarães Duque, a vigorous promoter of dry-farming techniques. Sources include folk poetry (cordéis) and folk songs from the mid-twentieth century about drought and development in the sertão—notably the popular ballads by northeastern musician Luiz Gonzaga—along with a range of reports and materials that were produced by drought agency agronomists to promote irrigated smallholding.
Modernizing a Region
Authors: Buckley Eve E.
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the rise of economists as regional development experts with the establishment of new federal institutions in the 1950s, including the Banco do Nordeste do Brasil regional development bank and the Superintendência de Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (SUDENE), the latter modelled on the U.S. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). Economic expertise essentially displaced civil engineering for a brief period, in the face of continuing drought crises and DNOCS’s apparent inability to resolve them. The leading figure in the events that unfold is economist Celso Furtado, who led several analyses of the northeast’s development challenges at the request of President Juscelino Kubitschek and became SUDENE’s first director. As a result of rising political tensions in the early 1960s and the association of Furtado and SUDENE’s efforts with land expropriation (a measure promoted by more revolutionary groups like the “Peasant Leagues” of landless farm workers), elite and middle class sectors in Brazil supported a military coup in 1964 to overthrow President João Goulart, which undid much of the progress that Furtado and others had been working toward.
A Lost Portuguese Explorer’s American Boulder
Authors: Hunter Douglas
Published: January 2018

This chapter provides an overview of the book’s content and chief arguments. The reader is introduced to the interpretation of Dighton Rock as an artefact of the Portuguese explorer Miguel Corte-Real in Dighton Rock State Park Museum. Issues of misappropriation of Indigenous culture are introduced as well as problems in deciphering meaning in rock art. It introduces the author’s concept of “White Tribism.” It argues the story of Dighton Rock’s long history of misinterpretation as a non-Indigenous artefact uniquely illuminates processes of belonging, possession, and dispossession in colonialism from the first decades of the colonial period to the present day.
First Impressions and First Arrivals
Authors: Hunter Douglas
Published: January 2018

This chapter relates the first decades of colonial interpretation of Dighton Rock after its markings were first described in 1680, mainly by John Danforth and Cotton Mather. It places the interpretation of the rock in the context of dispossession of Indigenous lands following the rebellion known as King Philip’s War. Erasure of Indigenous peoples from the history of colonial New England is discussed. It introduces contemporary theories rooted in Biblical hermeneutics of human migration and the relationship of Indigenous people to the rest of humanity, including ideas that they were descendants of Tartars, Canaanites, or the Lost Tribes of Israel. The author’s concept of White Tribism is explained.
Reversing Dighton Rock’s Polarity
Authors: Hunter Douglas
Published: January 2018

American ethnologist Henry Rowe Schoolcraft continues his struggle to understand Dighton Rock and place it in his understanding of American prehistory. He visits the rock in 1849 and declares its markings to be a mix of Icelandic and Indigenous. He then reverses himself and says it is purely Indigenous, based on the reading provided him by the Ojibwa leader Shingwauk. Schoolcraft’s investigations are situated within the rise of the American Ethnological Society and his leading role in the New-York Historical Society, the growing controversy over polygenism and monogenism within his intellectual circle, his friendship and falling out with Ephraim Squier, and Schoolcraft’s conviction that an archaeological fake, the Grave Creek stone, is genuine.
The Stone’s Place: Dighton Rock Museum and Narratives of Power
Authors: Hunter Douglas
Published: January 2018

The author tours Dighton Rock Museum as it appeared in 2013. He shows how the arrangement of interpretive options and the overwhelming amount of Portuguese material such as ship models lead a visitor to the inescapable conclusion that the Corte-Real theory is the correct one. He cites Michel-Rolph Trouillot: “Celebrations straddle the two sides of historicity. They impose a silence upon the events that they ignore, and they fill that silence with narratives of power about the event they celebrate.” As an interpretation of interpretations, the author argues, the museum is a crowning exercise of that power.
Introduction
Authors: Richotte Keith
Published: January 2018

On an otherwise pleasantly temperate day in the summer of 2009 I found myself trapped inside of a quiet, wood-paneled courtroom in Belcourt, North Dakota. I was on the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians Reservation nervously awaiting an important argument before the tribal court. Like many who are called to court, I was afraid of an uncertain future and unsure of how the day’s events would unfold. Unlike many who are called to court, I was sitting in one of the judges’ seats....
Defining a People
Authors: Wenger Tisa
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the varieties of religious freedom talk in African American history. It argues that the racial assemblages of the dominant white society severely limited the utility of religious freedom as a way to (re)define African American identity. It begins by showing how often religious freedom worked in support of slavery, segregation, and white supremacy; and how black church leaders rearticulated this freedom as one way to assert the full humanity of black people and to reposition themselves as fully modern, rational and moral modern subjects. The chapter goes on to argue that many of the new religious movements of black urban life—including Father Divine’s Peace Mission Movement, the Moorish Science Temple, and the Nation of Islam—used religious freedom talk in their efforts to redefine their communal identity away from the negative valences of blackness, either replacing race with religion or infusing their blackness with a new cosmic significance. But however they defined themselves, the dominant society denied their claims and overwhelmingly dismissed them as fraudulent and overly political rather than legitimately religious. For the vast majority of African Americans, religious freedom provided little escape from the confines of a racialized oppression.
Unequal Women Working for Women’s Equality
Authors: Johnson Joan Marie
Published: January 2018

Chapter 2 demonstrates how having money at their disposal (or a lack of it) affected suffrage association officers’ ability to make decisions about where and how to carry out the suffrage campaign. It also allowed for the development of new tactics and strategies alongside traditional methods. This chapter posits that gifts from wealthy women, including Mrs. Frank Leslie’s million-dollar bequest, paid for organizers to travel to the states to campaign at the state level; initiated a publicity blitz, including newspapers and parades; and financed the “winning plan” that combined state-level efforts with a focus on the federal amendment, ultimately leading to passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. It offers a new way to understand the split between the two major suffrage associations by focusing on the role of money and conflict between Katharine McCormick and Alice Paul over fundraising. The chapter also examines the conflict that developed when funding disproportionately came from a small number of wealthy individuals. Donors like Alva Belmont tied their gifts to demands, such as who should hold office and where headquarters should be located, causing resentment of money power in the movement.
Prologue
Authors: Cox Karen L.
Published: January 2018

The prologue introduces Natchez, Mississippi, and the principals involved in a murder that made national headlines. It provides the history of the planter aristocracy, explains perceptions of the South in the 1930s, the Natchez pilgrimage, the domestic slave trade, the national media attention, and attempts by earlier writers to document the story. Well known families include the Merrills, the Minors, and the Danas. There is also some discussion of Mississippi during the Civil War and the Cotton Kingdom.
Reclusive Aristocrats
Authors: Cox Karen L.
Published: January 2018

The chapter introduces Jennie Merrill, her cousin Duncan Minor, their links to southern aristocracy, and to northern families. The chapter discusses Jennie’s life after the Civil War, traveling to Belgium with her father Ayres Merrill, the ambassador, and returning to live in New York. She joined the King’s Daughters and became an acolyte of Jacob Riis. She returned to Natchez where she purchased the home Glenburnie. Before long she began a years’ long feud with her next door neighbors, Richard “Dick” Dana and Octavia Dockery.
Cold Justice
Authors: Cox Karen L.
Published: January 2018

This chapter covers the trial of Emily Burns as an accessory in the murder of Jennie Merrill. It demonstrates the double standard of justice that befell her in late November when the weather in Natchez turned cold. Jim Crow injustice meant that Emily did not have an attorney until she was indicted by the grand jury of Adams County. Within one week she went on trial and was convicted in a day and a half. She could have received the death penalty, but was sentenced to life in the Mississippi State Penitentiary. Her attorney Wilfred Geisenberger was said to have saved her from death.
Introduction
Authors: Grundy Pamela
Published: January 2018

When you feel as if you belong, as if you have a reason for being there, you feel protected. You feel encouraged. Thriving, existing, living vibrantly—you feel encouraged to do that. And that’s what I think West Charlotte provided for so many people…. You have evidence of people belonging to something, and being a part of something, and not having to make excuses for it. And you can see how the human spirit thrives....
The concurrence of atmospheric rivers and explosive cyclogenesis in the North Atlantic and North Pacific basins
Authors: Eiras-Barca Jorge , Ramos Alexandre M. , Pinto Joaquim G. , Trigo Ricardo M. , Liberato Margarida L. R. , Miguez-Macho Gonzalo
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The explosive cyclogenesis of extratropical cyclones and the occurrence of
atmospheric rivers are characteristic features of a baroclinic atmosphere,
and are both closely related to extreme hydrometeorological events in the
mid-latitudes, particularly on coastal areas on the western side of the
continents. The potential role of atmospheric rivers in the explosive cyclone
deepening has been previously analysed for selected case studies, but
a general assessment from the climatological perspective is still missing.
Using ERA-Interim reanalysis data for 1979–2011, we analyse the concurrence
of atmospheric rivers and explosive cyclogenesis over the North Atlantic and
North Pacific basins for the extended winter months (ONDJFM). Atmospheric
rivers are identified for almost 80 % of explosive deepening cyclones.
For non-explosive cyclones, atmospheric rivers are found only in roughly
40 % of the cases. The analysis of the time evolution of the high
values of water vapour flux associated with the atmospheric river during the
cyclone development phase leads us to hypothesize that the identified
relationship is the fingerprint of a mechanism that raises the odds of an
explosive cyclogenesis occurrence and not merely a statistical relationship.
These new insights on the relationship between explosive cyclones and
atmospheric rivers may be helpful to a better understanding of the associated
high-impact weather events.
VIENO PORTO VIDEOTORAKOSKOPINĖS BRONCHOPLASTINĖS
LOBEKTOMIJOS
Authors: Bagajevas Aleksandras , Šileika Nerijus
Published: January 2018

Nepaisant chemoterapijos progreso gydant plaučių
vėžį (PV), chirurginis gydymas lieka kertiniu akmeniu
terapijoje. Chirurginio PV gydymo diapazonas
įvairus: nuo minimalios - segmentektomijos iki maksimalios
– pulmonektomijos. Iki šiol pulmonektomija
asocijuojasi su daugeliu komplikacijų, ypač pacientams
su mažais kvėpavimo rezervais ir šalutine patologija.
Kaip alternatyva į klinikinę praktiką buvo
įdiegta bronchoplastinė lobektomija, kai navikas pažeidžia
proksimalinę broncho dalį. Klaipėdos universitetinėje
ligoninėje vieno porto videotorakoskopinės
(VATS) bronchoplastinės lobektomijos atliekamos
nuo 2015 m. 07 mėn. iki 2017 m. 04 mėn. Iš viso atliktos 8 tokio tipo lobektomijos.
Vidutinis pacientų
amžius 62,4 m. (51-70), vidutinė
operacijos trukmė
201 min. ( 150-255), vidutinis
pooperacinis lovadienis
5,5 d. (4-7), pooperacinės
komplikacijos 0, pooperacinis
mirtingumas 0.
Iš gautų rezultatų galima
padaryti išvadą, kad vieno
porto VATS bronchoplastinės
lobektomijos yra mažai
traumuojančios, saugios,
efektyvios, onkologiškai
pilnai adekvačios operacijos
su labai greita paciento
reabilitacija.
RADIATION PROCTITIS: CASE SERIES OF TREATMENT WITH
ARGON PLASMA COAGULATION IN KLAIPEDA UNIVERSITY
HOSPITAL
Authors: Dailidėnas Šarūnas , Šimčikas Dainius , Čižauskaitė Agnė , Žeromskas Paulius
Published: January 2018

Radiation proctopathy is defined as rectal damage due
to radiation with or without inflammation.
Objectives and methods. The aim of this study was to
present our clinical experience, regarding the argon
plasma coagulation, in a small series of patients with
radiation proctitis. Retrospective data analysis of patients
treated for radiation proctitis in a single hospital
setting from year 2014 to 2017 was performed. Statistical
data analysis was carried out using the SPSS
20.0 software.
Results. 13 patients underwent argon plasma coagulation.
The female and male ratio was 1:2,25. The
mean age of the patients was 70,69±13,51 years. All
men (n=9) had radiotherapy due to prostate cancer
and cervical cancer was the main cause in women
group (n=4). Six patients (46%) had second plasma
coagulation done. Three patients (23%) had endoscopic
argon plasma coagulation. Mean hospital stay
was 4,47±8,83 days. Necrosis of mucous membrane
was observed in one patient (7,69%).
Conclusion. There is no evidence-based consensus regarding
treatment of radiation proctitis. Argon plasma
coagulation seems to be safe and effective choice
of treatment, but further studies are required to determine
which methods should be considered as the
,,gold standard” choice.
SLAUGOS STUDIJŲ STUDENTŲ PASIRYŽIMAS SLAUGYTI UŽSIKRĖTUSIUS ŽMOGAUS IMUNODEFICITO VIRUSU IR/AR SERGANČIUS ĮGYTU IMUNODEFICITO SINDROMU
Authors: Andziulienė Armida , Mockienė Vida
Published: January 2018

Slaugytojai vis dažniau susiduria su ŽIV užsikrėtusiais ir/ar AIDS sergančiais pacientais, todėl svarbu analizuoti ir slaugos studijų studentų, kaip būsimųjų slaugytojų, nuomonę, kaip turima informacija ŽIV ir/ar AIDS klausimais sąlygoja jų baimes, elgseną, požiūrį bei pasiryžimą slaugyti. Tyrimo tikslas - išanalizuoti slaugos studijų studentų pasiryžimą slaugyti užsikrėtusius ŽIV ir/ar sergančius AIDS pacientus. Tyrimo metodika. Atliktas kiekybinis tyrimas, naudojant standartizuotą klausimyną. Tyrimo imtį sudarė 2014 lapkričio mėn. – 2015 m. sausio mėn. apklausti 113 pirmo - ketvirto kurso slaugos studijų studentai. Rezultatų analizei naudotas statistinis „SPSS 17 for Windows“ paketas. Tyrimas atliktas laikantis etikos principų. Tyrimo rezultatai. Išanalizavus respondentų pasiryžimą slaugyti užsikrėtusius ŽIV ir/ar sergančius AIDS pacientus nustatyta, kad daugiau nei pusė respondentų būtų pasiryžę padėti užsikrėtusiems ŽIV ir/ar sergantiems AIDS pacientams, padėtų pagimdyti moteriai infekuotai ŽIV ir/ar sergančiai AIDS. Tačiau tik 23 proc. respondentų būtų pasiryžę rūpintis šiais pacientais, jei ateityje būtų išsiaiškinta, jog ŽIV ir/ ar AIDS galima užsikrėsti ir tais būdais, kurie dabar įvardijami kaip saugūs. Išvada. Pasiryžimą slaugyti slopina neigiamas požiūris į šiuos pacientus socialiniais aspektais.
INVESTIGATION OF CARBON BLACK AND SILICA SURFACE STRUCTURE BY STATIC GAS ADSORPTION WITH VARIOUS GASES
Authors: Plagge J. , Klüppel M.
Published: January 2018

The surface of various carbon black and silica grades is characterized via static gas adsorption using different gases. From decomposition of the adsorption isotherm into distinct energetic contributions, the adsorption energy distribution as well as the surface area are obtained. The decomposition is done by an iterative expectation maximization algorithm specifically designed for this problem. It is found that the adsorption isotherms of the various gases differ significantly in the low-pressure regime, leading to characteristic energy distributions with distinct maxima. As expected, the mean adsorption energy generally increases with the cross section of the gases, and systematic deviations are found reflecting the polar and dispersive interaction characteristics of silica and carbon black, respectively. The surface fractal dimension of two different carbon black grades is estimated using the yardstick method. The obtained values 2.6 and 2.7 agree with previous findings that the carbon black surface morphology is very rough. The adsorption of CO2 on both carbon blacks delivers unexpectedly low values of the monolayer coverage or specific surface area, indicating that mainly high energetic sites of the surface are covered. In consequence, compared with N2, a relatively high value of the mean adsorption energy is found. For both investigated silicas, the mean adsorption energy scales with the quadrupole moments of CO2 and N2, which is indicative of a large polar contribution to interaction energy.
Forest Policies and Forest Fringe Households’ Resilience against Poverty in Participatory Forest Management Sites in Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouedraogo Boukary
Published: January 2018

This paper uses an original dataset that was built upon extensive surveys covering 300 forest fringe households on the main participatory forest management (PFM) sites in Burkina Faso. We then combine simultaneously the seminal approach of Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (1984) monetary poverty indices and the Béné’s (2013) approach of resilience on costs (expenditures) analysis, so as to emphasize forests fringe households’ resilience against poverty mainly by capturing the induced changes by the 1998 forest policy, in these households’ abilities to cope with poverty. The major outcomes are: (i) forest income sources remain the most dominant in households’ total income for 1997 and 2004; (ii) both poverty rate and poverty gap decrease from 1997 to 2004. This decline in the level of poverty is mainly explained by the households’ coping strategies through the development of investments and others expenditures (agricultural equipment, livestock, poultry, trade, crafts activities and processing of NTFPs) so that to cope with poverty; (iii) forest fringe households are resilient against poverty in PFM sites. The main environmental policy implication of this study should be to update the levels of the instruments of the environmental policy (forest), twenty years after the implementation of the 1998 forest policy so that to reinforce forest households’ resilience and forest sustainability.
The Gift, and Death, of Blackness
Authors: Winters Joseph
Published: January 2018

In this article, I respond to the idiom of “Black people's gifts,” a term that is often associated with W. E. B. Du Bois and that was frequently invoked in the wake of the Emmanuel AME Massacre. I contend that there are at least two different ways of thinking about Black gifts, a doubleness that runs throughout Du Bois's writings. On the one hand, we can read the gift simply as Black people's positive contributions to U.S. exceptionalism—Black courage, sacrifice, and even death ultimately function to advance and fortify imperial projects. Yet Du Bois also indicates that we might think of the gift of Blackness as that which cuts against these kinds of instrumental logics. To develop this second sense of the gift, I turn to the work of Georges Bataille and Toni Morrison, authors who link the gift of (Black) death with anguish, opacity, and intimacy with the dismembered.
The Experience of Alinesitoué and African Women's Prophetism
Authors: Hackett Rosalind I. J.
Published: January 2018

The article discusses the significance of Robert Baum's detailed historical study of the famous Diola woman prophet Alinesitoué for research on West African prophetic movements, and African female prophetism and indigenous religious agency more generally.
The Story of the Concord Sonata, 1911–1947
Authors: Gann Kyle
Published: January 2018

Ives first conceived the Concord Sonata while on vacation at Elk’s Lake in 1911, based in part on pieces he had already been working on. He claimed to have been able to play the piece by 1915, though it wasn’t written out in publishable form until 1919. After publication he came to regret having simplified the piece somewhat, and he continued tinkering with it until a second edition finally appeared in 1947. This extraordinarily long gestation period creates unusual textual problems for performers of the work.
The “Emerson” Concerto and Its Offshoots
Authors: Gann Kyle
Published: January 2018

Ives based his “Emerson” movement on an earlier “Emerson Concerto” he never finished, and on four occasions between 1933 and 1943 he went into a recording studio and played much of the original Emerson material. These recordings, along with several published piano studies, help us reassemble a not-entirely-convincing idea of the “Emerson Concerto,” and along the way give us some insight into Ives as improviser.
“The Alcotts”
Authors: Gann Kyle
Published: January 2018

Ives’s “Alcotts” movement is based on two figures, the popular novelist Louisa May Alcott and her grandiloquent but feckless philosopher father, Bronson Alcott. The music, ranging from idyllic to tempestuous, leaves ambiguities as to which figure is being referred to. The middle section refers to 19th-century American parlor-style music, and the ending is the most complete and triumphant statement of the “Human Faith” theme.
“Thoreau”The Music
Authors: Gann Kyle
Published: January 2018

Ives’s “Thoreau” music takes its cue from several passages in Thoreau’s Walden, including a musical depiction of three walking tours that basically circumnavigate Walden Pond from Thoreau’s cabin. Quotations from the Stephen Foster song “Massa’s in de Cold, Cold Ground” create a political quandary, but the music devolves into a calm ostinato that reflects nature’s unhurried pace. A flute that enters at the end refers to Thoreau’s habit of playing the flute from his boat in Walden Pond.
Celebration
Authors: Bjork Stephanie R.
Published: January 2018

This chapter reveals that Somali women perform clan in gender-specific ways. Aroosyo (weddings), communitywide events for Somalis, are key sites for legitimizing clan claims and integrating kin through exchange of capital. During these rites of integration, women perform and honor their clans publicly by displaying their clan competence. Because clan is a sensitive if not taboo topic for public discourse, tensions among clans may arise in response to efforts to establish clan hegemony. Sites of integration also become sites of resistance. Some women may use the public event to initiate horizontal links between clans. At the same time, weddings hone a shared sense of being Somali. The chapter also explores spousal preference, marriage taboos, wedding videos, and nikaax (engagement).
Feminist Dreams and Nightmares
Authors: Caldwell Kia Lilly
Published: January 2018

This chapter traces the development of health policies for women in Brazil from the early 1980s to the mid-2010s and examines the central role that feminist health activists have played in calling for gender health equity. This chapter argues that, while reproductive health and abortion have been central organizing issues for Brazilian feminists, they have faced major political, cultural, and religious challenges in their efforts to advance a women’s health agenda. Special attention is given to women’s health policies that were developed during the democratic transition in the mid-1980s and during the two terms of President Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016), Brazil’s first female president.
The Alyne Case
Authors: Caldwell Kia Lilly
Published: January 2018

This chapter analyzes the 2002 maternal death of Alyne da Silva Pimentel and the 2011 decision made by the Committee for the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) on behalf of Alyne da Silva Pimentel’s family. The chapter argues that the Alyne case highlights the intersectional relationship among gender, race, and class in shaping Afro-Brazilian women’s vulnerability to maternal death. The analysis explores the racial dimensions of maternal mortality in Brazil and highlights the potential benefits that can be gained from using a human rights approach to address African-descendant women’s experiences of intersectional discrimination.
“Proper, Dignified Agitation”
Authors: Cooper Brittney C.
Published: January 2018

This chapter recuperates Mary Church Terrell as a critical theorist of Black racial uplift. The first President of the NACW, Terrell went on to have a sixty-year career in Civil Rights activism. This chapter moves across the span of her career, mapping her development of a concept called “dignified agitation,” which she introduces in a 1913 speech. She returns to this formulation throughout her career, and the author argues that this idea of dignified agitation is one that she both learned and propagated as part of the NACW school of thought. But it also acts as a bridge concept, and she, as a bridge figure to Civil Rights era Black women intellectuals, who both respected the NACW school of thought and sought to move beyond it in critical ways. Because of the deliberate ways that Terrell wrote about her love of dancing in her autobiography, this chapter also considers the ways in which she is part of a genealogy of Black women’s pleasure politics, even though the current Black feminist discourse on pleasure typically focuses on blues women in this time period. Because Terrell is considered one of the foremost proselytizers of respectability, a turn toward her articulation of pleasure politics richly complicates the manner in which we read her as a theorist of racial resistance and gender progressivism.
Introduction
Authors: Crawford Margo Natalie
Published: January 2018

This introduction presents the theory of “black post-blackness” as a way of rethinking the mood of the 1970s, second wave of the Black Arts Movement. Crawford uncovers the inseparability, during the second wave of this cultural movement, of the hailing of blackness and the questioning of blackness. This introduction shows that this holding on to a blackness that keeps sliding away is the black post-blackness that shapes the 1970s second wave of the Black Arts Movement and resurfaces in the early years of the 21st century as writers and visual artists shape blackness into an unbelonging that creates belonging. Crawford argues that the connections between 21st century experimental black art and the experimental art of the Black Arts Movement matter, because post-black too often signals post-Black Arts Movement. She critiques a linear understanding of the move from black identity politics to freedom. This introduction presents the circle of black post-blackness as an alternative to the linear periodization that fails to see how blackness anticipates post-blackness.