EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES IN TERNOPIL TOWN DURING THE SPRING OF 2023
Authors: Serkiz Anastasiya 
Published: December 2023

The paper analyses the sources of air pollution in Ternopil town. The tendency of change in climatic conditions due to greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles is considered. It has been established that cars are the main source of changes in the atmospheric and ecological state. They produce 72% of pollution, while enterprises in the city produce only 28%. The study revealed a lack of statistical data on pollutant emissions into the city's atmosphere from mobile sources. The decision was made to collect the data on our own and to create the relevant peak load schedules by day of the week. Also, for better understanding, the percentage of transport is illustrated on the example of the central street of Ternopil (Ruska Street). The study found that passenger cars make up the bulk of the traffic flow per day - 89%. The busiest days are Tuesday - 57,912, Monday - 46,464 and Friday - 45,360. The lowest number of cars is observed on weekends, with 27,240 on Saturday and 28,544 on Sunday. According to the Begg's formula, modified by Shapovalov, the average level of carbon monoxide pollution on Ruska Street in the spring of 2023 was 52.95 mg/m³, which exceeds the MPC (5.5 mg/m³) by 10.9 times. We analysed the main works that addressed the problem of air pollution in the town and allowed us to better understand the situation. Attention was paid to this issue in the works of L.V. Yankovska, where the problem of motor transport in Ternopil town is repeatedly raised. N.P. Stetsko in her work «Transport and Technogenic Load on the Air Environment in Ternopil Region» examines in detail the issue of air pollution in Ternopil region. In his work "Complex green zone of Ternopil town, geoecological principles of sustainable functioning", I.R. Kuzyk examines the green zone of the city, production of oxygen and assimilation of carbon dioxide. In the work of I.R. Kuzyk is also conducting an analysis of the increase in the share of pollutants in the structure of the city's atmospheric air.

In the current work, the problem of using generators is considered. According to the state customs statistics, during the 11 months of 2022, almost 354,000 generators worth 355 million US dollars were imported into Ukraine. After the massive missile strikes on the Ukrainian power grid, the "Epicentr" network reports a 5-7 times increase in demand for generators. It was investigated that in the central part of Ternopil town (according to the schedule of blackouts) in week 1, a gasoline generator produces 0.0476 tons of emissions. Valova Street is taken as an example. Its length is 170 meters, and its width is 8 meters. This is a street with two-sided buildings. On the first floor there are public institutions, on the second - residential apartments. There are 12 generators in this area that work simultaneously for several hours in a row. In addition to the above, the situation regarding the country's car fleet, which is similar for all cities, was analyzed. In particular, attention was drawn to the predominance of Euro-2 and Euro-3 cars. When Euro-5 standards are in force in the country from 2016. At the end, ways to resolve the situation are proposed. These measures include the improvement of environmental monitoring systems, the transition to alternative energy sources, the creation of traffic-free zones, and others.

Key words: atmosphere; greenhouse gas emissions; Ternopil town; generators; transport load.