bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turbulent Trajectories: African Migrants on Their Way to the European Union
Authors: Schapendonk Joris
Published: April 2012

Sub-Saharan African migration towards the European Union (EU) belongs to one of the most stigmatized forms of migration of the 21st century. It is strongly characterized by EU’s restrictive migration policies. As a consequence, migrants who are aspiring to reach the EU often undertake fragmented and dangerous journeys to the North. This contribution attempts to gain more empirical insights into these migratory journeys. It is based on a ‘trajectory ethnography’ that combines in-depth interviews with sub-Saharan Africans, who are waiting in Morocco and Turkey to enter the EU, with a longitudinal strategy to follow some of these respondents over longer periods of time. With this longitudinal element I was in particular able to grasp expected steps and unexpected turns in individual migration trajectories. By discussing three main components (the motivation, facilitation and velocity) of journeys, this contribution puts into perspective the unidirectional and often frictionless metaphors of migration—as if migrants move like ‘flows’ and ‘waves’.
Volatile organic compounds produced by the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria 85-10
Authors: Weise Teresa , Kai Marco , Gummesson Anja , Troeger Armin , von Reuß Stephan , Piepenborn Silvia , Kosterka Francine , Sklorz Martin , Zimmermann Ralf , Francke Wittko , Piechulla Birgit
Published: April 2012

Xanthomonas campestris is a phytopathogenic bacterium and causes many diseases of agricultural relevance. Volatiles were shown to be important in inter- and intraorganismic attraction and defense reactions. Recently it became apparent that also bacteria emit a plethora of volatiles, which influence other organisms such as invertebrates, plants and fungi. As a first step to study volatile-based bacterial–plant interactions, the emission profile of Xanthomonas c. pv. vesicatoria 85-10 was determined by using GC/MS and PTR–MS techniques. More than 50 compounds were emitted by this species, the majority comprising ketones and methylketones. The structure of the dominant compound, 10-methylundecan-2-one, was assigned on the basis of its analytical data, obtained by GC/MS and verified by comparison of these data with those of a synthetic reference sample. Application of commercially available decan-2-one, undecan-2-one, dodecan-2-one, and the newly synthesized 10-methylundecan-2-one in bi-partite Petri dish bioassays revealed growth promotions in low quantities (0.01 to 10 μmol), whereas decan-2-one at 100 μmol caused growth inhibitions of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Volatile emission profiles of the bacteria were different for growth on media (nutrient broth) with or without glucose.
Des « pionniers » prisonniers : immobilité résidentielle et déclassement social des pavillonnaires en ville nouvelle
Authors: Lambert Anne
Published: April 2012

Résumé Cet article se propose de revenir, dans une perspective dynamique, sur les significations sociales de l’habitat pavillonnaire de ville nouvelle pour les classes moyennes qui s’y sont installées. Différents ressorts pourraient permettre d’expliquer le déclassement vécu (approche subjective) et mesuré par les données statistiques (approche objective). Ils concernent aussi bien les évolutions socio-démographiques des quartiers d’habitat pavillonnaire que les trajectoires inter- et intragénérationnelles d’une partie des cadres du privé touchés par l’instabilité professionnelle dès les années 1980. En outre, la question de l’entretien des ensembles pavillonnaires cristallise les tensions avec la Mairie socialiste à mesure de leur vieillissement ; elle révèle des enjeux politiques liés à la représentation des classes moyennes pavillonnaires sur la scène municipale et à leur perte de pouvoir résidentiel.
Pratiques et représentations des couches moyennes en banlieue rouge : stratégies résidentielles et ancrage territorial
Authors: Raad Lina
Published: April 2012

Résumé Cet article analyse les caractéristiques et les pratiques des couches moyennes habitant les quartiers anciens de banlieue, et tente de dégager une éventuelle spécificité de ces groupes du point de vue de leur rapport au quartier et de leurs modes d’investissement. À Saint-Denis, ville populaire de la banlieue rouge, le centre ancien connaît en même temps une dégradation et un réinvestissement par des couches moyennes. En venant s’y installer, les membres des couches moyennes mettent en œuvre des stratégies résidentielles leur permettant de concilier centralité et qualité de logement, à un coût compatible avec leur capital économique, ce qui ne peut s’obtenir qu’au prix d’un éloignement du centre de Paris. Leurs pratiques et leurs formes d’engagement centrées sur leur quartier montrent qu’ils sont à la recherche d’un ancrage territorial. L’investissement des gentrifieurs et la mixité résidentielle n’entraînent pas pour autant un réel mélange social.
Comment partager les mêmes espaces ? Les classes moyennes à Durban (Afrique du Sud)
Authors: Chevalier Sophie
Published: April 2012

Résumé Dans une recherche menée depuis plusieurs années à Durban, sur les classes moyennes blanches et non blanches, l’auteur de cet article s’intéresse à la façon dont s’articulent race et classe sociale dans la nouvelle Afrique du Sud, en posant l’hypothèse que l’identification à la classe sociale se renforce et tendrait peu à peu à supplanter, dans certains cas, l’identification raciale. Les exemples pris ici concernent l’organisation spatiale urbaine, plus précisément, des espaces résidentiels et un espace de loisirs, la plage. Elle montre que les classes moyennes jouent un rôle important dans la réorganisation et la reconstruction de l’espace urbain, qui s’inscrivent dans des enjeux de partage de territoires. Les modalités de ce partage de la ville et du « vivre ensemble » différent selon les espaces considérés, et de nouvelles identifications sociales se créent même si les anciennes références communautaires restent encore très fortes.
Critique et légitimation de la professionnalisation parlementaire en Suisse
Authors: Mazzoleni Oscar
Published: April 2012

Résumé Cet article présente les principaux caractères et enjeux de la légitimation du processus de professionnalisation du mandat parlementaire en Suisse, dans un contexte national caractérisé par un faible niveau de professionnalisation politique. En particulier, l’étude montre comment, depuis une trentaine d’années, mais surtout depuis le début des années 1990, dans un paysage politique en transformation, l’augmentation de la rémunération du mandat a déclenché des luttes inédites pour la légitimation du statut de parlementaire.
Virginia Woolf et les peintres
Authors: Aubert Jacques
Published: April 2012

Résumé Une question a longtemps taraudé V. Woolf : celle du rapport entre peinture et écriture. Les peintres : une sœur, des amis, ont été une présence constante à l’arrière-plan de son travail d’écrivain. Le rapport de l’écriture au regard comme objet : la coupure dans le vu, la chose qui ouvre au-delà du vu. Au cœur de l’art en général est une zone, celle du silence.
Emmanuel Bove : l'homme piégé
Authors: Morel Geneviève
Published: April 2012

Résumé Dans Le piège (1945), Emmanuel Bove décrit un homme qui s’enferre progressivement dans ses propres pensées et ses démarches, comme en bute à une inexorable fatalité. Dans ce dernier roman, qui n’eut aucun succès à la Libération parce qu’on préférait alors une lecture plus héroïque de la Résistance, Bove a capté l’esprit ambigu de Vichy. Mais il l’avait anticipé, comme le montre sa production romanesque, prolixe entre 1928 et sa mort, en 1945 : ses personnages, qui se cherchent une place dans une société qui les rejette ou dont ils s’excluent, passent leur temps à échafauder des hypothèses vaines sur le pouvoir dont ils tentent de s’approcher, ce qui les conduit à leur perte. J’essaierai de lire cet auteur à la fois fascinant et insaisissable, dont la biographie est à elle seule un roman, dans la perspective de l’articulation du surmoi au surmoi culturel ( Kultur-überich ), proposée par Freud en 1930 dans Le malaise dans la civilisation .
De la divination à l'écriture : comment sont nés les caractères chinois
Authors: Vandermeersch Léon
Published: April 2012

Résumé L’idéographie chinoise n’est pas née de l’invention d’un système de notation écrite de la langue parlée, mais de la découverte, à la faveur des remarquables perfectionnements de la technique de la scapulomancie (forme de la divination utilisée en Chine au Néolithique), d’un moyen de formuler graphiquement les équations manticologiques (comptes rendus très formalisés des divinations effectuées) pour les enregistrer afin de les étudier. De ce système est sortie une langue graphique, dont, bien plus tard, a été extraite une écriture à proprement parler.
L'instance de la lettre d'amour dans l'inconscient
Authors: Masschelier Sylvain
Published: April 2012

Résumé Des Lettres de la religieuse portugaise écrites par Guilleragues en 1669 à la lettre ouverte au libertin connue comme Apologie de la religion chrétienne , et publiée en 1670 sous le titre des Pensées de Pascal, un élan emporte l’angoisse, la souffrance, et la perte qui perdurent dans le travail de la lettre. Angoisse de Pascal perdu devant le vide, pliant et cousant ses petits papiers écrits à Dieu ; souffrance de Marianne, l’héroïne abandonnée, éperdue par la perte de son amant entre les murs de son couvent réécrivant sans cesse son adieu : la lettre est une instance métonymique qui les déplace, peu importe le facteur, peu importe la destination, il faut suivre leur parcours…
Une écriture à dessein hors la loi : le dessin/destin des lettres et la maladie de la mort
Authors: Meyer zum Wischen Michael
Published: April 2012

Résumé Ce texte doit démontrer que La maladie de la mort de Marguerite Duras performe un processus d’écriture face à la circonstance que « l’homme et la femme sont irréconciliables », étant donné que cette incompatibilité tire son origine de l’altérité fondamentale du féminin. Le dessein de l’écrivaine Marguerite Duras était de risquer, dans le dessin de ses lettres, une ouverture de la loi vers le réel, vers un hors de la loi. Ainsi, la lettre se lie avec une « altérité […] relativement à l’ordre symbolique et phallique » (Geneviève Morel).
Un théâtre sans divan : l'inconscient de la scène. Freud et la révolution théâtrale
Authors: Michel Régis
Published: April 2012

Résumé L’inconscient, chez Freud, est un théâtre que le rêve met en scène, comme en atteste la Traumdeutung . Le théâtre occidental a fait, depuis la guerre, sa révolution freudienne : théâtre sans divan qui décline sans répit les tableaux vivants de la pulsion de mort. Grotowski invente l’analyse corporelle où ne subsiste que le corps de l’acteur. Kantor va plus loin : il tue l’acteur, créature trop humaine, et lui substitue des pantins. Mais ce n’est pas encore assez. Brus, à Vienne, fait de sa propre mort, fût-elle symbolique, un supplice rituel où le corps se liquéfie dans un ruisseau de sang. Mort de l’auteur ? Il ne reste plus, chez Jarzyna, l’enfant terrible de la scène polonaise, qu’un théâtre des pulsions, qui n’a plus rien de théâtral, et plus grand-chose d’humain. L’inconscient n’est plus une scène, comme chez Freud : c’est la scène désormais qui est l’inconscient…
Freud-Lubitsch 1919 : un regard étrangement inquiétant
Authors: Le Toullec Éric
Published: April 2012

Résumé À quelles conditions peut-on formuler l’hypothèse d’une rencontre entre le cinéma et la psychanalyse ? Au-delà du différend sur « l’affaire du film » entre Freud et Karl Abraham en 1925, et rétroactivement donc, nous soutenons que cette rencontre eut lieu en 1919 autour du film Die Puppe d’Ernst Lubitsch. La succession, cette année-là, de la publication du célèbre essai de Freud die Unheimlichkeit , quelques mois avant la sortie du film de Lubitsch, nous amène à questionner les modalités de cette rencontre. Le film Die Puppe constitue un premier point d’intersection entre la psychanalyse et le cinéma par le biais d’une logique structurale des discours en jeu. Celle-ci met en évidence, par l’intermédiaire du signifiant poupée, de ses nombreuses ramifications dans le domaine artistique et de son étymologie spécifique, la place privilégiée faite à l’objet a en tant qu’agent du désir.
Pillow Book ou l'expression de deux fascinations sans limites : la chair et la calligraphie
Authors: Ermolieff Anne
Published: April 2012

Résumé À chaque anniversaire de Nagiko, son père écrivait leurs noms sur le visage de sa fille. Écriture chinoise qui défile sur l’écran, passé/présent qui s’entremêlent, jeux de couleurs, le film Pillow Book de Peter Greenaway est une fête visuelle de la chair, du sexe, de la peau, des mots et de la calligraphie chinoise où vie et mort sont intriquées.
Le discours des marchés : discours peste (pst) Discours post ? Un « sixième discours » ?
Authors: Braunstein Néstor A.
Published: April 2012

Résumé Quelle relation entre les quatre discours et le passage des sociétés disciplinaires (Foucault) aux sociétés de contrôle (Burroughs, Deleuze) ? Est-ce qu’un nouveau discours, discours des marchés, est en train de s’imposer à la vie sociale de notre époque ? L’article propose une option excluante : ou le discours du psychanalyste, ou le discours des marchés, deux discours dont la formulation structurelle coïncide.
La fondation violente de l'universel
Authors: Teixeira Antonio
Published: April 2012

Résumé L’auteur cherche à développer le mode sur lequel Lacan va subvertir la relation de subalternation de la proposition particulière par la proposition universelle dans l’ Organon d’Aristote. Ce faisant, il indique la nécessité d’isoler un trait particulier contingent, dont la violente exclusion soutient la fondation de l’universel effectif.
Autoregulation of MARCH1 Expression by Dimerization and Autoubiquitination
Authors: Bourgeois-Daigneault Marie-Claude , Thibodeau Jacques
Published: April 2012

Some members of the membrane-associated RING-CH family of E3 ubiquitin ligases (MARCHs) are membrane-bound and target major players of the immune response. MARCH1 ubiquitinates and downregulates MHC class II expression in APCs. It is induced by IL-10 and despite a strong increase in mRNA expression in human primary monocytes, the protein remains hardly detectable. To gain insights into the posttranslational regulation of MARCH1, we investigated whether its expression is itself regulated by ubiquitination. Our results demonstrate that MARCH1 is ubiquitinated in transfected human cell lines. Polyubiquitin chain-specific Abs revealed the presence of K48-linked polyubiquitin chains. A mutant devoid of lysine residues in the N- and C-terminal regions was less ubiquitinated and had a prolonged half-life. Reduced ubiquitination was also observed for an inactive mutated form of the molecule (M1WI), suggesting that MARCH1 is capable of autoubiquitination. Immunoprecipitation and energy transfer experiments demonstrated that MARCH1 homodimerizes and also forms heterodimers with others family members. Coexpression of MARCH1 decreased the protein levels of the inactive M1WI, suggesting a transubiquitination process. Taken together, our results suggest that MARCH1 may regulate its own expression through dimerization and autoubiquitination.
Novel Role for Surfactant Protein A in Gastrointestinal Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Gowdy Kymberly M. , Cardona Diana M. , Nugent Julia L. , Giamberardino Charles , Thomas Joseph M. , Mukherjee Sambudho , Martinu Tereza , Foster W. Michael , Plevy Scott E. , Pastva Amy M. , Wright Jo Rae , Palmer Scott M.
Published: April 2012

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a severe and frequent complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) that involves the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and lungs. The pathobiology of GVHD is complex and involves immune cell recognition of host Ags as foreign. We hypothesize a central role for the collectin surfactant protein A (SP-A) in regulating the development of GVHD after allogeneic BMT. C57BL/6 (H2b; WT) and SP-A–deficient mice on a C57BL/6 background (H2b; SP-A−/−) mice underwent allogeneic or syngeneic BMT with cells from either C3HeB/FeJ (H2k; SP-A–deficient recipient mice that have undergone an allogeneic BMT [SP-A−/−alloBMT] or SP-A–sufficient recipient mice that have undergone an allogeneic BMT) or C57BL/6 (H2b; SP-A–deficient recipient mice that have undergone a syngeneic BMT or SP-A–sufficient recipient mice that have undergone a syngeneic BMT) mice. Five weeks post-BMT, mice were necropsied, and lung and GI tissue were analyzed. SP-A−/− alloBMT or SP-A–sufficient recipient mice that have undergone an allogeneic BMT had no significant differences in lung pathology; however, SP-A−/−alloBMT mice developed marked features of GI GVHD, including decreased body weight, increased tissue inflammation, and lymphocytic infiltration. SP-A−/−alloBMT mice also had increased colon expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ and as well as increased Th17 cells and diminished regulatory T cells. Our results demonstrate the first evidence, to our knowledge, of a critical role for SP-A in modulating GI GVHD. In these studies, we demonstrate that mice deficient in SP-A that have undergone an allogeneic BMT have a greater incidence of GI GVHD that is associated with increased Th17 cells and decreased regulatory T cells. The results of these studies demonstrate that SP-A protects against the development of GI GVHD and establishes a role for SP-A in regulating the immune response in the GI tract.
Prokaryotic expression of a Thunberg fritillary mosaic virus CP gene and antiserum preparation
Authors: Chuanbao Wei , Qiyao Wu , Yu Yang , Chunyun Liu
Published: April 2012

Wei, C. B., Wu, Q. Y., Yang, Y. and Liu, C. Y. 2012. Prokaryotic expression of a Thunberg fritillary mosaic virus CP gene and antiserum preparation. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 495–500. Fritillaria anhuiensis is a valued traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Thunberg fritillary mosaic virus (TFMV) was found to cause mosaic symptoms. Virus particles of the Lu'an isolate were purified and its RNA genome was extracted. cDNA was synthesized from the RNA and specific PCR primers were used to amplify the virus coat protein (CP) gene. It shared 96.8% nucleotide identity and 97.6% amino acid identity with the sequences of CPs from the other TFMV isolates. The CP gene was inserted into pSBET and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) plys S strain. The expressed protein was first purified by 12% (wt/vol) SDS-PAGE and subsequently by 5–20% (wt/vol) gradient SDS-PAGE. Antiserum against the CP was raised in mouse and its specificity was confirmed by Western blot analysis suggesting that it may be useful for detecting the virus.
Changes in kernel characteristics during grain filling in silage-specific and dual-purpose corn hybrids
Authors: Ma B. L. , Dwyer L. M.
Published: April 2012

Ma, B. L. and Dwyer, L. M. 2012. Changes in kernel characteristics during grain filling in silage-specific and dual-purpose corn hybrids. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 427–439. Silage-specific corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids have been gaining in popularity in recent years, but there is a lack of information about the difference in kernel characterization between Leafy silage-specific and dual-purpose hybrids. A field study was conducted for 4 yr to determine the changes in kernel moisture content, kernel dry weight, kernel nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations over the period of grain filling for Leafy silage-specific and dual-purpose hybrids at two plant population densities. In both types of hybrids, kernel dry weight content increased rapidly from approximately 2 wk after silking and reached a maximum at about 50 to 68 d after silking. While some differences among hybrids in kernel maximum dry weight were noted (P<0.05), there was no distinction between hybrid types. The coefficients of kernel moisture change differed greatly between the two types with lower rates of decline of kernel moisture in some of the Leafy silage-specific hybrids (down-hill slope b<0.0136±0.00044 g kg−1d−1) than the dual-purpose or silage hybrids without the Leafy characteristic (b≥0.0164±0.00039 g kg−1d−1). Higher plant population density had a negligible effect on kernel moisture decline and N and P concentrations, but reduced kernel dry weight by up to 7% in one year. Kernel P was linearly positively correlated with N content (r>0.79, P<0.01), and there was a linear relationship between kernel moisture and the whole-plant silage moisture content (R2≥0.70). Our data also showed that one of the Leafy silage-specific hybrids had higher rates of kernel dry weight accumulation and softer kernel hardness (P<0.05) than the dual-purpose or non-Leafy silage hybrids. Our findings on the distinct characteristics of hybrid types are important considerations for corn producers to choose suitable hybrids and make decisions on silage harvest dates.
Short Communication: Etiolated growth of hybrid bromegrass (Bromus inermis×B. riparius) compared with smooth bromegrass, meadow bromegrass, crested wheatgrass and tall fescue under grazed or nongrazed conditions
Authors: Ward C. I. , Lardner H. A. , Jefferson P. G.
Published: April 2012

Ward, C. I., Lardner, H. A. and Jefferson, P. G. 2012. Short Communication: Etiolated growth of hybrid bromegrass ( Bromus inermis × B. riparius ) compared with smooth bromegrass, meadow bromegrass, crested wheatgrass and tall fescue under grazed or nongrazed conditions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 441–445. Etiolated spring regrowth of hybrid bromegrass was compared with smooth bromegrass, meadow bromegrass, crested wheatgrass and tall fescue under beef steer (Bos taurus) grazed or nongrazed conditions in the previous season over 2 yr in 2006 and 2007. Hybrid bromegrass seeded in 2003 had greater energy reserves than old crested wheatgrass (control) and similar reserves to tall fescue and crested wheatgrass. Hybrid bromegrass can be grazed in similar systems as meadow bromegrass and be expected to maintain sufficient energy reserves for spring growth.
Review: Nitrogen assimilation in crop plants and its affecting factors
Authors: Mokhele Bataung , Zhan Xianjin , Yang Guozheng , Zhang Xianlong
Published: April 2012

Mokhele, B., Zhan, X., Yang, G. and Zhang, X. 2012. Review: Nitrogen assimilation in crop plants and its affecting factors. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 399–405. In this review we discuss mainly nitrogen assimilation in crop plants and factors affecting the related process. Nitrogen is a major macro-element limiting the growth and development of plants in agriculture. Both organic and inorganic forms of nitrogen are metabolized in plants; nitrate and ammonia in soil are common forms of inorganic nitrogen that can be metabolized in all plants. There are other nitrogen forms, which include amino acids, nitrite and urea, that are metabolized in plants. Metabolism normally starts with reduction of nitrate to nitrite, and the latter further reduces to form ammonium with the presence of relevant enzymes. This reaction occurs more rapidly in leaves in the presence of light. After ammonia is formed, it enters into the biosynthetic pathways of plant cells, such as reductive amination and transpiration, to produce different amino acids. Amino acids in cells take part in the synthesis of protein and other nitrogenous compounds that help in body building. Radiation, gaseous factors, the presence of metals, soil pH and amount of nitrate are some of the environmental factors affecting absorption and reduction of nitrogen in plants. This review presents a comprehensive understanding of the assimilation process by crop plants of nitrogen and recommends that favorable surrounding conditions are the prerequisites for plants to absorb and utilize nitrogen efficiently.
Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of rice genes responsive to chilling stress
Authors: Cho Hyun Yong , Hwang Sun-Goo , Kim Dong Sub , Jang Cheol Seong
Published: April 2012

Cho, H. Y., Hwang, S.-G., Kim, D. S. and Jang, C. S. 2012. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of rice genes responsive to chilling stress. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 447–460. Low temperature is known to be one of the major challenges to rice production. We have selected chilling-tolerant TILLING of Donganbyeo, which showed significantly vigorous growth relative to wild-type plants under chilling stress conditions (10–12°C). We performed a comparative transcriptome analysis using a chilling-tolerant line and wild-type plant with the objective to evaluate genomic responses to chilling stress and to identify chilling inducible genes. Functional enrichment analysis results demonstrated that a large proportion of chilling-inducible genes were associated with certain biological pathways, e.g., monosaccharide catabolic processes, reflecting the energy requirements necessary for adaptation to sub-optimal temperatures in plants. Extremely low correlation coefficients in a range of −0.07 to 0.04 were detected between plant responses to chilling stress and different abiotic stress conditions such as drought, salt, cold, and heat; these results imply that plants might exploit strikingly different response mechanisms against stress conditions. The largest subnetwork, which was composed of 78 chilling-specific inducible genes, was found in the tolerant plants, but not in the wild-type plants, which probably implies the existence of a delicate and harmonious signaling pathway setup in the tolerant plants. Expression patterns of 20 chilling-responsive genes were assessed via abiotic stress treatments and phytohormone treatments. About 80% of the tested chilling-inducible genes were upregulated by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. The results of this study may prove useful in elucidating the chilling-response pathway and in the development of chilling-tolerant rice varieties.
Effect of hyperbaric treatments on the quality attributes of tomato
Authors: Goyette Bernard , Vigneault Clément , Charles Marie Thérèse , Raghavan Vijaya G. S.
Published: April 2012

Goyette, B., Vigneault, C., Charles, M. T. and Raghavan, V. G. S. 2012. Effect of hyperbaric treatments on the quality attributes of tomato. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 541–551. An experimental hyperbaric system was conceptualized, designed and built to explore the effect of hyperbaric treatment on the quality attributes of tomato. Tomato fruits at the early breaker stage were subjected to hyperbaric pressures of 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 atmabsfor different durations (5, 10 or 15 d) at 13°C. The effect of hyperbaric treatment on postharvest quality of tomato fruit was evaluated with an emphasis on weight loss, firmness, color, titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids (TSS). Hyperbaric treated tomato fruit ripened more slowly and were characterized by lower respiration rate than fruits kept under ambient conditions. Significant differences in weight loss, color, lycopene concentration and firmness were found between hyperbaric treated and control tomato fruit. No significant difference was found in the sugar/acid ratio (TSS/TA).
Short Communication: Climate change and biofuel wheat: A case study of southern Saskatchewan
Authors: Wang Hong , He Yong , Qian Budong , McConkey Brian , Cutforth Herb , McCaig Tom , McLeod Grant , Zentner Robert , DePauw Ron , Lemke Reynald , Brandt Kelsey , Liu Tingting , Qin Xiaobo , White Jeffrey , Hunt Tony , Hoogenboom Gerrit
Published: April 2012

Wang, H., He, Y., Qian, B., McConkey, B., Cutforth, H., McCaig, T., McLeod, G., Zentner, R., DePauw, R., Lemke, R., Brandt, K., Liu, T., Qin, X., White, J., Hunt, T. and Hoogenboom, G. 2012. Short Communication: Climate change and biofuel wheat: A case study of southern Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 421–425. This study assessed potential impacts of climate change on wheat production as a biofuel crop in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. The Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer-Cropping System Model (DSSAT-CSM) was used to simulate biomass and grain yield under three climate change scenarios (CGCM3 with the forcing scenarios of IPCC SRES A1B, A2 and B1) in the 2050s. Synthetic 300-yr weather data were generated by the AAFC stochastic weather generator for the baseline period (1961–1990) and each scenario. Compared with the baseline, precipitation is projected to increase in every month under all three scenarios except in July and August and in June for A2, when it is projected to decrease. Annual mean air temperature is projected to increase by 3.2, 3.6 and 2.7°C for A1B, A2 and B1, respectively. The model predicted increases in biomass by 28, 12 and 16% without the direct effect of CO2 and 74, 55 and 41% with combined effects (climate and CO2) for A1B, A2 and B1, respectively. Similar increases were found for grain yield. However, the occurrence of heat shock (>32°C) will increase during grain filling under the projected climate conditions and could cause severe yield reduction, which was not simulated by DSSAT-CSM. This implies that the future yield under climate scenarios might have been overestimated by DSSAT-CSM; therefore, model modification is required. Several measures, such as early seeding, must be taken to avoid heat damages and take the advantage of projected increases in temperature and precipitation in the early season.
The effect of irrigation on nitrogen uptake and use efficiency of two willow (Salixspp.) biomass energy varieties
Authors: Hangs R. D. , Schoenau J. J. , Van Rees K. C. J. , Knight J. D.
Published: April 2012

Hangs, R. D., Schoenau, J. J., Van Rees, K. C. J. and Knight, J. D. 2012. The effect of irrigation on nitrogen uptake and use efficiency of two willow ( Salix spp.) biomass energy varieties. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 563–575. Nitrogen (N) fertilizers historically have been applied to support increased productivity of purpose-grown willow (Salix spp.) biomass energy plantations. However, a frequently observed lack of willow growth response to added fertilizer N is often attributed to poor fertilizer use efficiency. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of irrigation on the recovery of broadcast15N-labelled fertilizer, applied during the final year of a 3-yr rotation, by two willow varieties. A split-split-plot experiment was established on a fertile heavy clay soil in Saskatoon, SK, Canada, which consisted of two willow varieties (Charlie and SV1), three irrigation treatments (no irrigation, 75%, and 100% field capacity), and two fertilization treatments (1× and 2× the recommended fertilizer rate of 100:30:80:20 N:P:K:S; kg ha−1). Irrigation increased fertilizer N uptake by Charlie, but had no effect on the amount taken up by SV1, which was attributed to greater N use efficiency of SV1 compared with Charlie when irrigated. Eighty-two percent of the applied fertilizer N was accounted for in the following sinks: 43% in the soil (0–60 cm), 31% in the willow tissues (i.e., stems, leaves, stump, and roots), 7% in the LFH layer, and <1% in the non-crop vegetation; the balance (approximately 18%) was presumed lost primarily through denitrification from the poorly drained soil, but possibly some may have leached below the root zone as well. Although the willow varieties accessed only a portion of the applied fertilizer N during the year of application, the majority of the residual fertilizer N was conserved within the production system and, therefore, remained available for willow uptake in subsequent years.
Surfaces with central convex cross-sections
Authors: Solomon Bruce
Published: April 2012

Say that a surface in

S\subset\mathbb{R}^{3}

has the
central plane oval property
, or
cpo
, if

We show that a complete, connected

C^{2}

surface with cpo must either be a cylinder over a central oval, or else
quadric
. We apply this to deduce that a complete

C^{2}

surface containing a transverse plane oval but no skewloop must be cylindrical or quadric.
Small points on rational subvarieties of tori
Authors: Amoroso Francesco , Viada Evelina
Published: April 2012

Let

V

be a subvariety of a torus defined over the rational numbers. We study the distribution of points of small Weil’s height on

V

. We simplify the proof and we improve previous results by the first author and S. David. We obtain a totally explicit version of a generalized Dobrowolski result on the Lehmer problem.
2-block Springer fibers: convolution algebras and coherent sheaves
Authors: Stroppel Catharina , Webster Ben
Published: April 2012

For a fixed 2-block Springer fiber, we describe the structure of its irreducible components and their relation to the Białynicki-Birula paving, following work of Fung. That is, we consider the space of complete flags in

\mathbb{C}^n

preserved by a fixed nilpotent matrix with 2 Jordan blocks, and study the action of diagonal matrices commuting with our fixed nilpotent. In particular, we describe the structure of each component, its set of torus fixed points, and prove a conjecture of Fung describing the intersection of any pair. Then we define a convolution algebra structure on the direct sum of the cohomologies of pairwise intersections of irreducible components and closures of

\mathbb{C}^*

-attracting sets (that is Białynicki-Birula cells), and show this is isomorphic to a generalization of the arc algebra of Khovanov defined by the first author. We investigate the connection of this algebra to Cautis and Kamnitzer’s recent work on link homology via coherent sheaves and suggest directions for future research.
Banner clouds observed at Mount Zugspitze
Authors: Wirth V. , Kristen M. , Leschner M. , Reuder J. , Schween J. H.
Published: April 2012

Abstract. Systematic observations of banner clouds at Mount Zugspitze in the Bavarian Alps are presented and discussed. One set of observations draws on daily time lapse movies, which were taken over several years at this mountain. Identifying banner clouds with the help of these movies and using simultaneous observations of standard variables at the summit of the mountain provides climatological information regarding the banner clouds. In addition, a week-long measurement campaign with an entire suite of instruments was carried through yielding a comprehensive set of data for two specific banner cloud events. The duration of banner cloud events has a long-tailed distribution with a mean of about 40 min. The probability of occurrence has both a distinct diurnal and a distinct seasonal cycle, with a maximum in the afternoon and in the warm season, respectively. These cycles appear to correspond closely to analogous cycles of relative humidity, which maximize in the late afternoon and during the warm season. In addition, the dependence of banner cloud occurrence on wind speed is weak. Both results suggest that moisture conditions are a key factor for banner cloud occurrence. The distribution of wind direction during banner cloud events slightly deviates from climatology, suggesting an influence from the specific Zugspitz orography. The two banner cloud events during the campaign have a number of common features: the windward and the leeward side are characterized by different wind regimes, however, with mean upward flow on both sides; the leeward air is both moister and warmer than the windward air; the background atmosphere has an inversion just above the summit of Mt. Zugspitze; the lifting condensation level increases with altitude. The results are discussed, and it is argued that they are consistent with previous Large Eddy Simulations using idealized orography.
Anticorrelated observed and modeled trends in dissolved oceanic oxygen over the last 50 years
Authors: Stramma L. , Oschlies A. , Schmidtko S.
Published: April 2012

Abstract. Observations and model runs indicate trends in dissolved oxygen (DO) associated with current and ongoing global warming. However, a large-scale observation-to-model comparison has been missing and is presented here. This study presents a first global compilation of DO measurements covering the last 50 years. It shows declining upper-ocean DO levels in many regions, especially the tropical oceans, whereas areas with increasing trends are found in the subtropics and in some subpolar regions. For the Atlantic Ocean south of 20° N, the DO history could even be extended back to about 70 years, showing decreasing DO in the subtropical South Atlantic. The global mean DO trend between 50° S and 50° N at 300 dbar for the period 1960 to 2010 is −0.063 μmol kg−1 yr−1. Results of a numerical biogeochemical Earth system model reveal that the magnitude of the observed change is consistent with CO2-induced climate change. However, the correlation between simulated and observed patterns of past DO change is negative, indicating that the model does not correctly reproduce the processes responsible for observed regional oxygen changes in the past 50 years. A negative pattern correlation is also obtained for model configurations with particularly low and particularly high diapycnal mixing, for a configuration that assumes a CO2-induced enhancement of the C:N ratios of exported organic matter and irrespective of whether climatological or realistic winds from reanalysis products are used to force the model. Depending on the model configuration the 300 dbar DO trend between 50° S and 50° N is −0.026 to −0.046 μmol kg−1 yr−1. Although numerical models reproduce the overall sign and, to some extent, magnitude of observed ocean deoxygenation, this degree of realism does not necessarily apply to simulated regional patterns and the representation of processes involved in their generation. Further analysis of the processes that can explain the discrepancies between observed and modeled DO trends is required to better understand the climate sensitivity of oceanic oxygen fields and predict potential DO changes in the future.
Statistical downscaling of climate data to estimate streamflow in a semi-arid catchment
Authors: Samadi S. , Carbone G. J. , Mahdavi M. , Sharifi F. , Bihamta M. R.
Published: April 2012

Abstract. Linear and non-linear statistical 'downscaling' study is done to relate large-scale climate information from a general circulation model (GCM) to local-scale river flows in west Iran. This study aims to investigate and evaluate the more promising downscaling techniques, and provides a through inter comparison study using the Karkheh catchment as an experimental site in a semi arid region for the years of 2040 to 2069. A hybrid conceptual hydrological model was used in conjunction with modeled outcomes from a General Circulation Model (GCM), HadCM3, along with two downscaling techniques, Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), to determine how future streamflow may change in a semi arid catchment. The results show that the choice of a downscaling algorithm having a significant impact on the streamflow estimations for a semi-arid catchment, which are mainly, influenced, respectively, by atmospheric precipitation and temperature projections. According to the SDSM and ANN projections, daily temperature will increase up to +0.58° (+3.90%) and +0.48° (+3.48%) and daily precipitation will decrease up to −0.1mm (−2.56%) and −0.4 mm (−2.82%) respectively. Moreover streamflow changes corresponding to downscaled future projections presented a reduction in mean annual flow of −3.7 m3 s−1 and −9.47 m3 s−1 using SDSM and ANN outputs respectively. The results suggest a significant decrease of streamflow in both downscaling projections, particularly in winter. The discussion considers the performance of each statistical method for downscaling future flow at catchment scale as well as the relationship between atmospheric processes and flow variability and changes.
QoSHVCP: Hybrid Vehicular Communications Protocol with QoS Prioritization for Safety Applications
Authors: Mostafa Ahmad , Vegni Anna Maria , Oliveira Talmai , Little Thomas D. C. , Agrawal Dharma P.
Published: April 2012

This paper introduces a hybrid communication paradigm for achieving seamless connectivity in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), wherein the connectivity is often affected by changes in the dynamic topology, vehicles’ speed, as well as the traffic density. Our proposed technique named QoS-oriented Hybrid Vehicular Communications Protocol (QoSHVCP) exploits both existing network infrastructure through a Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), as well as a traditional Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) connection that could satisfy Quality-of-Service requirements. QoSHVCP is based on a V2V-V2I protocol switching algorithm, executed in a distributed fashion by each vehicle and is based on the cost function for alternative paths each time it needs to transmit a message. We utilize time delay as a performance metric and present the delay propagation rates when vehicles are transmitting high priority messages via QoSHVCP. Simulation results indicate
that simultaneous usage of preexisting network infrastructure along with intervehicular communication provide lower delays, while maintaining the level of user’s performance. Our results show a great promise for their future use in VANETs.
Dissipation and Residues of Mandipropamid in Grape Using QuEChERS Methodology and HPLC-DAD
Authors: Malhat Farag M. , Mahmoud Hend A.
Published: April 2012

The HPLC method for determination of mandipropamid residues and its dissipation in grape was investigated. The mean recoveries of the analytical method were 98–102%. The samples were collected within 2 weeks after pesticide application, and the pesticide residues were extracted by an optimized QuEChERS method. Mandipropamid dissipated rapidly with half-life 2.20 days in grape. According to maximum residue limit (MRL) the preharvest interval (PHI) of mandipropamid on grape was 4 days, after the last treatment.
On Locally Uniformly Differentiable Functions on a Complete Non-Archimedean Ordered Field Extension of the Real Numbers
Authors: Shamseddine Khodr , Sierens Todd
Published: April 2012

We study the properties of locally uniformly differentiable functions on N, a non-Archimedean field extension of the real numbers that is real closed and Cauchy complete in the topology induced by the order. In particular, we show that locally uniformly differentiable functions are C1, they include all polynomial functions, and they are closed under addition, multiplication, and composition. Then we formulate and prove a version of the inverse function theorem as well as a local intermediate value theorem for these functions.
Response of Fumaric Acid Addition on Methanogenesis, Rumen Fermentation, and Dry Matter Degradability in Diets Containing Wheat Straw and Sorghum or Berseem as Roughage Source
Authors: Sirohi S. K. , Pandey Poonam , Goel Navneet
Published: April 2012

An in vitro incubation system was used to evaluate effect of supplementation of fumaric acid at 0, 5, 10, and 15 mM concentration in high-, medium-, and low-fiber wheat straw containing total mixed diets with sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) and berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) on rumen fermentation, methane production, and gas kinetics parameters. Three types of diets were prepared with different roughage and concentrate ratio (80 : 20, 50 : 50, and 20 : 80) by taking the representative samples. The roughage part composed of wheat straw (70 parts) and sorghum (30 parts) or berseem (30 parts) and the concentrate part composed of maize (33%), GNC (21%), mustard cake (12%), wheat bran (20%), deoiled rice bran (11%), mineral mixture (2%), and salt (1%). Fumaric acid was added in incubation medium to achieve final concentration of 0, 5, 10, and 15 mM. All the treatment combinations were arranged in 4×3 factorial designs with three replicates. It was concluded from the study that fumaric acid addition (5–15 mM) in diets varying in roughage to concentrate ratio significantly (P≤0.05) reduced the methane production without affecting dry matter digestibility and maximum reduction was noticed at 5 mM concentration.
Silviculture and Wildlife: Snowshoe Hare Abundance across a Successional Sequence of Natural and Intensively Managed Forests
Authors: Sullivan Thomas P. , Sullivan Druscilla S. , Lindgren Pontus M. F. , Ransome Douglas B.
Published: April 2012

We tested the hypotheses H1that relative habitat use by snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) would have a bimodal distribution with the highest abundance in young lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) stands (both managed and unmanaged), minimal numbers in mature forests, and moderate abundance in old-growth forests and H2that habitat use would increase in response to enhanced stand attributes from PCT (precommercial thinning) and fertilization treatments. Habitat use was measured by counts of fecal pellets of hares from 1999 to 2003 in forest stands in south-central British Columbia, Canada. Our results did not support the bimodal distribution of hares among coniferous stands, such that old-growth stands, at least in our region, do not provide sufficient habitat for hare populations. High-density (5000 to 13000 stems/ha) unthinned young lodgepole pine stands provide optimum habitat for hares in terms of overstory and stand structure. Thinned and fertilized stands may also provide habitat, particularly at densities ≤1000 stems/ha, and over time as understory conifers develop. Managed stands provided habitat for hares at the same level as mature stands, at 6–10 years after PCT. Maintenance of a range of managed and unmanaged stands in a landscape mosaic would be ideal for integration of silvicultural and wildlife management goals.
Parameters of Blood Count and Tumor Markers in Patients with Borderline Ovarian Tumors: A Retrospective Analysis and Relation to Staging
Authors: Nomelini Rosekeila Simões , da Silva Taísa Morete , Tavares Murta Beatriz Martins , Murta Eddie Fernando Candido
Published: April 2012

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the parameters of blood count and tumor markers in borderline ovarian tumors. We evaluated 21 patients who had confirmed histopathologic diagnosis of borderline ovarian tumor. We recorded age, parity, tumor type, stage of cancer, serum levels of tumor markers (CA-125, CA-15.3, CA-19.9, CEA, AFP), and the parameters of blood count, fasting glucose, disease-free survival and overall. The patients were divided into two groups, stage IA (n=13) and stage IB-IIIC (n=8). The unpaired t-test and Fisher's exact test were used, with P values of less than 0.05 being considered to indicate statistical significance. Levels of red blood cells, hematocrit, and hemoglobin were significantly higher in stage IA when compared with stage IB-IIIC (P<0.05). The levels of tumor marker CEA had a tendency to be higher in the group stage IB-IIIC (0.08). Abnormal levels of CEA and CA-19.9 were found more frequently in stages IB-IIIC. Therefore, parameters of blood count, CEA, and CA-19.9 should be targeted for further research in identifying prognostic factors in borderline tumors.
Development of an Inventory of Coastal Wetlands for Eastern Georgian Bay, Lake Huron
Authors: Midwood Jonathan , Rokitnicki-Wojcik Daniel , Chow-Fraser Patricia
Published: April 2012

Coastal wetlands of eastern Georgian Bay provide critical habitat for a variety of wildlife, especially spawning and nursery habitat for Great Lakes fishes. Although the eastern shoreline has been designated a World Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO, a complete inventory is lacking. Prior effort by the Great Lakes Coastal Wetland Consortium (GLCWC) was unable to fully identify coastal wetland habitat in eastern Georgian Bay due to limited data coverage. Here we outline the methodology, analyses, and applications of the McMaster Coastal Wetland Inventory (MCWI) created from a comprehensive collection of satellite imagery from 2002–2008. Wetlands were manually delineated in a GIS as two broad habitat types: coastal marsh and upstream wetland. Coastal marsh was further subdivided into low marsh (LM; permanently inundated) and high marsh (HM; seasonally inundated) habitat. Within the coastal zone of eastern and northern Georgian Bay there are 12629 distinct wetland units comprised of 5376 ha of LM, 3298 ha of HM and 8676 ha of upstream habitat. The MCWI identifies greater total wetland area within the coastal zone than does the GLCWC inventory (17350 ha versus 3659 ha resp.). The MCWI provides the most current and comprehensive inventory of coastal wetlands in eastern Georgian Bay.