bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Padrões espaciais de desmatamento e a estimativa da exatidão dos mapas do PRODES para Amazônia Legal Brasileira
Authors: Maurano Luis Eduardo Pinheiro , Escada Maria Isabel Sobral , Renno Camilo Daleles
Published: December 2019

O Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) opera desde 1988 o Projeto de Monitoramento do Desmatamento na Amazônia por Satélites (PRODES), cujo principal objetivo é fornecer taxa anual de desmatamento florestal da Amazônia Legal Brasileira utilizando imagens de satélite de sensoriamento remoto. Esse levantamento envolve o mapeamento de mais de quatro milhões de km2 e os resultados obtidos são utilizados pelo governo brasileiro no estabelecimento e acompanhamento das políticas públicas relativas ao controle e combate ao desmatamento. Este dado tem sido produzido e divulgado em base anual desde 1988, porém, uma avaliação sobre a qualidade dos dados nunca foi estabelecida. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma metodologia para estimar índices de exatidão do mapeamento das áreas desmatadas apontadas pelo PRODES para o ano de 2014, a partir de uma amostragem estratificada de padrões de desmatamento mapeados em células de 50 x 50 km. O mapeamento desses padrões foi realizado a partir do estabelecimento e uso de uma tipologia de padrões de desmatamento, métricas de paisagem e técnica de mineração de dados. Pontos amostrais representativos de cada padrão de desmatamento foram sorteados aleatoriamente e avaliados visualmente por especialistas independentes. Como resultado dessa avaliação foi possível estabelecer o nível exatidão global do mapeamento em questão, estimado em 93% e com índices de omissão e de inclusão estimados em 7% e 1,5%, respectivamente. Padrões como espinha de peixe, multidirecional e consolidado, considerados mais complexos, apresentaram menores índices de acerto, mostrando coerência e indicando que maior atenção deve ser dada ao seu mapeamento. Os resultados apresentados, de uma forma geral, se mostraram consistentes, indicando que a metodologia desenvolvida pode ser replicada em mapeamentos similares.
Anatomical characteristics of Tectona grandis L.f from different sites in Mato Grosso state
Authors: Souza Roberta Santos , Gonçalez Joaquim Carlos , Ribeiro Edilene Silva , Gontijo Alexandre Bahia
Published: December 2019

The anatomical characteristics of the wood are influenced by the quality of the sites of the material provenance, which, consequently, leads to alterations in its physical and mechanical properties. The aim of this paper was to assess and characterize the organoleptic and anatomical properties of the teak (Tectona grandis) from different sites in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Regarding the anatomical characteristics the length, width, diameter and the thickness of the wall for fiber were assessed; the length and diameter of the vessels; the length, width and frequency of the rays. The results obtained showed that the organoleptic properties do not present variations between the different sites. The effect of the site, where the teak plantation is established, produced significant variations in the parameters of the fibers (length, width of the fiber, lumen diameter and thickness of the wall) and in the rays (length, width and frequency). However, no significant vessel-related changes were seen.
Processos hidrológicos na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Zerede em Timóteo-MG
Authors: Pinheiro Joana Angélica Cavalcanti , Dias Herly Carlos Teixeira , Paiva Haroldo Nogueira de , Silva Cláudio Mudado , Fernandes Filho Elpídio Inácio , Oliveira Neto Sílvio Nolasco de , Barbosa Rodolfo Alves
Published: December 2019

A crescente demanda de água e as modificações no uso do solo que vêm ocorrendo na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Zerede ensejaram a realização de análises hidrológicas a fim de um melhor entendimento da dinâmica do ciclo hidrológico local, focando na relação com as florestas e suas consequências para a qualidade da água. Para isso, foi realizado o monitoramento hidrológico através de medições de precipitação, vazão e estimativa de evapotranspiração, utilizando-se um pluviômetro digital sem fio, um atmômetro modificado e pelo conjunto calha Parshall e ITS-2000. Para as análises da qualidade da água, foram coletadas amostras em 5 pontos distintos do curso d’água e analisadas quanto à cor, turbidez, pH, sólidos suspensos totais (SST), condutividade elétrica (CE), demanda química de oxigênio, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio e coliformes termotolerantes. Os resultados mostraram que a evapotranspiração apresentou maior contribuição para saída de água da bacia que o deflúvio, com exceção dos meses de novembro a janeiro (2006/2007). No balanço final, verificou-se o saldo hídrico negativo de 247,7 mm, refletindo precipitações abaixo do esperado para o período e reforçando a importância de utilizar técnicas que permitam uma maior retenção de água na bacia hidrográfica. Os parâmetros CE e SST apresentaram diferenças estatísticas entre as médias dos pontos analisados pelo teste F a 5% de probabilidade, sendo que os demais parâmetros revelaram a inexistência de diferença estatística entre as médias. As análises microbiológicas apresentaram resultados negativos, com a água livre de coliformes termotolerantes. Conclui-se que a água se encontra nos padrões da Classe 1, da Resolução no 357 do Conama (2005) nos parâmetros analisados, indicando uma boa qualidade na Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego Zerede.
Conselho editorial
Authors: Editorial Conselho
Published: December 2019

Conselho Editorial
Souffrance psychique des Étudiants. Pour un traitement psychodynamique Multifocal et bref de la crise
Authors: Ferveur1 Christophe
Published: December 2019

Un étudiant en souffrance psychologique est avant tout un étudiant en crise. Entre la rupture pleine de potentialités et l’organisation de rupture à risque, comment utiliser le versant dynamique de l’état de crise? À travers la présentation d’un dispositif innovant, le Relais Étudiants Lycéens de la Fondation Santé des Étudiants de France, nous aborderons quelques-uns des ressorts techniques propres à la prise en charge des étudiants dans une perspective de traitement psychodynamique bref et pluridisciplinaire : l’immédiateté du temps de la relation d’objet par rapport au temps long de la névrose de transfert, l’approche multifocale et la reformulation du problème initial, l’alliance et l’empathie nécessaires au service d’une investigation et d’une évaluation dynamiques initiatrices de changement.
Does High Anxiety Decrease Motivation for Learning English as a Foreign Language?
Authors: Almurshed Huda M. , Aljuaythin Wafa
Published: December 2019

This study investigates the relationship between the level of foreign language anxiety experienced by Saudi female English learners at a Saudi university and the level of their motivation in learning English as a foreign language. The participants were 40 female second-year university students. The instruments the researchers used to gather the data were two questionnaires: Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope’s (1986) Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) and Gardner’s (2006) Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB). The data were analyzed by calculating the percentages of students’ responses to each item. The findings revealed that Saudi female English learners at King Saud University experienced high levels of foreign language anxiety. The findings also revealed that the learners were highly motivated to learn English. This demonstrates that a high level of motivation to learn English does not prevent the occurrence of a significant level of anxiety. That is, motivation can control foreign language anxiety and assist anxious learners in their determination to learn English.
Engaging English Learners Through Literature, Fairy Tales, and Drama
Authors: Larkin Koushki Alison
Published: December 2019

Use of literature in the English language classroom deepens student engagement, and fairy tales add magic to the mix. This article details the benefits of engaging English learners in literature and fairy tales, and explores how drama can be enlisted to further mine their riches. An educator’s case studies of language teaching through literature and drama projects are described, and the research question driving them highlighted: What is the impact of dramatizing literature on students’ engagement in novels and second language acquisition? Research on the effects of literature, drama, and the fairy tale genre on second language education is reviewed. Reading and acting out literature and fairy tales hones all four language skills while also enhancing the Seven Cs life skills: communication, creativity, critical thinking, collaboration, commitment, compromise, and confidence. Adding the frame of project-based learning to the instructional strengths of literature and drama forms a strong pedagogical triangle for second language learning. Fairy tales are easily enacted. English educators and learners can download free fairy tale scripts and spice them with creative twists of their own creation or adapted from film and cartoon versions. Providing maximum student engagement, tales can be portrayed with minimum preparation. Using a few simple props and a short script, English learners can dramatize The Three Bears, Little Red Riding Hood, Cinderella, or Snow White in class with little practice. Engagement increases when teams act out tales on stage for an audience of family, friends, classmates, and educators. In fairy tale enactment projects, whether in class or on stage, students apply their multiple intelligences when choosing team roles: script-writing, acting, backstage, costumes, make-up, sound and lights, reporter, advertising, usher, writer’s corner, or stage managing. The article concludes with a list of engaging language activities for use with fairy tales, and a summary of the benefits of fairy tale enactments for English learners.
The Subversion of Gender Stereotypes in Donald Barthelme’s Snow White
Authors: Aljadaani Mashael H. , Al-Sharqi Laila M.
Published: December 2019

Donald Barthelme’s Snow White redefines gender roles in the 20th century. Barthelme retells the original fairy tale, subverting its presentation of stereotypical gender roles to depict postmodern ideologies, particularly feminism. The male voice and its controlling power, embodied within the original narrative, becomes the lost, weak, and subordinate side of his story. The female voice, repressed by social and cultural principles, is reshaped to represent the free, powerful, and dominant figure in his narrative. This novel’s presentation of Snow White’s characters reflects feminist battles, such as the fight for gender equality and women’s freedom from patriarchal restrictions or sexual objectification. Adopting a feminist perspective, this study investigates Barthelme’s demythologizing approach in Snow White to present his new identification of gender roles. Specifically, this study examines the novel as a subversive reworking of Grimm’s Snow White [the original fairy tale] by analyzing Barthelme’s reframing of Snow White, the seven dwarfs, and Prince Paul. The findings of the study will show how Barthelme’s text offers a feminist critique of patriarchal dominance to the original Grimm’s fairy tale Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Through a close reading of the text, this study also seeks to highlight the novel’s subversive representation of socially constructed stereotypical male and female roles in the fairy tale to challenge the long-standing gender ideologies conceived by the patriarchal society.
“What African Literature is in the Complexity of The Interpreters (Wole Soyinka)? Is there any way our Biased Ugandan Readership could be Re-educated to Like its Style and Appreciate its Message?”
Authors: Peter Aringo-Bizimaana
Published: December 2019

This article re-examines views of some literary critics who find Soyinka’s style intolerably complex and those who disagree with this extremist view. The article further examines reasons given by each group. An attempt is then made to summarize the reasons given for the complexity of The Interpreters by getting into the text to reappraise the major styles Soyinka employs. Behind all this is an attempt to demonstrate that Soyinka is very much a committed artist giving a scathing comment on the corruption and bankruptcy of the so-called leaders (interpreters) of a newly independent Nigeria (Africa). Finally, as a rebuttal to increasing anti-Soyinka critics within our local/Ugandan society, some of whom mere singers of prejudices, the article attempts an ‘educating crusade’: challenging practicing teachers/lecturers first, and then extending this to our Language Education Curriculum in Teacher Training Colleges and Universities to re-examine the way we prepare our teachers of English and Literature for the critical task ahead during their execution of professional obligations. This is how the article looks at The Interpreters as a very important pointer to something that has gone wrong with our pedagogical and methodological practices. It is not Soyinka alone under attack when we label him too complex to deserve our attention but many other authors constantly being pooled into the ‘hole of poor or no readership’ in this country.
Social Actor Representation of the Missing Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 in the Malaysian and Foreign News Reports: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Alias Arlini binti , Mohd Nasir Nora
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study is to examine the linguistic representation of social actors in the selected Malaysian and foreign news reports on the circulated event of the missing MAS flight MH370. Despite extensive studies of news discourse, less attention is paid on how news event are speculated and the extent the social actors are relegated. Hence, the study explores the role of newspaper editorials in promoting stereotypical depictions through the representation of self- and other- in their reporting of the MH370 tragedy. The study retrieved a total of fifty (50) news reports of the missing MAS flight MH370 incident from ten news press, twenty-five (25) published by five local (Malaysian) English newsagents: The Star, New Straits Times, Sun Daily, Malaysian Insider and Malaysiakini, and twenty-five (25) others from five foreign newsagents: Daily Mail (UK), The Guardian (UK), Washington Post, New York Times and USA Today. The corpora were collected from March 8, 2014, to November 5, 2014, and analysed using Van Dijk’s (1998) Ideological Square framework, as well as Reisigl and Wodak (2000) Discursive Strategies. The analysis of this study discovers evidence of the “intergroup bias” made by the selected news press in representing the MH370 social actors. The selected news press displays an overt preference for own group and obvious demotion of the other group. The study also reveals the occurrence of lexicalization of the ‘other’ in the foreign news reports indicating positive representation of their in-group and exhibiting apparent disapproval of the actions by the out-group. On the other hand, the analysis also reveals an impartial representation of the MH370 social actor by the local news press both for in-group and out-group.
Spoken and Written Language as Medium of Communication: A Self-reflection
Authors: Alsaawi Ali
Published: December 2019

Speaking and writing are the most important communicative tools among human beings. While speaking is considered to be older and more widely employed, spoken and written language have not been treated equally. Spoken language is seen as the natural productive tool among people that is more common and normal, whereas written language is seen as being intricate and complicated due to its extensive rules. Therefore, spoken language has attracted the attention of researchers to a greater extent compared to written language due to the belief that spoken language has primacy over written language. This paper is an attempt to shed some light on these two communicative elements and the differences between them. A self-reflection, based on Dewey’s (1997) ground-breaking work, is presented in terms of when/where spoken or written language is more appropriate as a medium of communication. It can be argued, therefore, that both speaking and writing are important means of communication without prioritising one over the other; yet, conventions are the real indicators as to which medium of communication is more appropriate.
Language Maintenance and Heritage Language Education: The Case of a Weekend Arabic School in New Zealand
Authors: Alsahafi Morad
Published: December 2019

This study examines the perceived value of an Arabic weekend school in the process of heritage language maintenance and development among Arab immigrant children in New Zealand. Through an analysis of data gathered through semi-structured interviews with parents, children and teachers, as well as observation at this school, the study aims to gain insights into the participants’ perceptions of the school and its function within the Arabic-speaking community. The overall picture that emerged from the data regarding the Arabic community language school was that it represented ‘a key line of defense’ for Arabic heritage language development and maintenance that needed to be developed into a proper school which provided frequent and quality Arabic learning and teaching. Major themes articulated by the participants regarding the school and its perceived value will be discussed.
Secrets to Su Shi’s Happiness under Any Circumstances: Transcending and a Positive Perspective
Authors: Liu Chengcheng , Liu Zhongwen
Published: December 2019

What have endeared Su Shi to countless followers in nearly a thousand years all over the world lie not only in his outstanding achievements in literary and arts, but also in his optimism in adversity. This paper probes into the insight secrets of why he could be happy most of the time to enlighten people nowadays to lead a happy, easy and peaceful life. Firstly, transcending constantly through keeping adjusting his expectations in accordance with the everchanging circumstances: transcending conventions to realize his people-oriented ambition when he was a young official; transcending material limitations when he was exiled for the first time to Huangzhou; transcending fame and power when he was back to court with great power; transcending himself when he was exiled for the second time to Huizhou and finally transcending everything when he was banished to the most remote Danzhou on Hainan Island; and secondly, seeing every circumstance in a positive light: overlooking the negative and magnifying the positive; indulging himself in the beauty of the nature; enjoying the present moment and being optimistic about the future without thinking.
A Cognitively Designed Error Correction Log for Facilitating the Learning of Grammatical Structures
Authors: Frear David
Published: December 2019

The exploratory study investigated the effectiveness of a new tool referred to as the error correction log (ECL). It was designed from a cognitive SLA perspective to facilitate learning, in the context of this study, of grammatical structures, following the receipt of written corrective feedback (WCF). The uniqueness of the ECL is that it guides learners through the cognitive processes deemed to underlie acquisition of grammatical structures, namely, noticing-the-gap (Schmidt & Frota, 1986), noticing (Schmidt, 1990, 2001) and noticing with metalinguistic understanding (Leow, 1997; Schmidt, 2001), and in the process potentially change the type of WCF available to learners. As the ECL was designed by the author, no study has investigated its effectiveness against a more established means of attending to WCF. In the case of the study presented here, the ECL was compared against studying WCF for a period of time. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design (a pre-test, treatment, immediate post-test, and delayed post-test), the treatment was a focused direct WCF plus ECL group versus a focused direct WCF plus study group. A control group received no WCF. The tests were three writing tasks; the target structure was regular past tense verbs. While the ECL group improved over time, the study group and the control group did not. The ECL group outperformed the control group in the delayed post-test, whereas the study group did not. An analysis of whether the corrected past tense verbs were subsequently used or not used in the post-tests demonstrated a lack of correct use for the ECL group; this, with an analysis of the ECLs for the provision of a metalinguistic explanation, suggest learners may have been able to change direct WCF (potential noticing) to direct WCF plus metalinguistic explanation (potential noticing plus metalinguistic understanding) leading to the suggestion these learners likely drew on the corrected verbs, their preexisting vocabulary-learned knowledge and preexisting metalinguistic knowledge (implicitly and explicitly acquired) when completing the delayed post-test. These results will be discussed in relation to research, theory and practice.
EFL Tertiary Teachers’ Perceptions of The Integration Of Culture Into English Classes
Authors: T. M. Pham Duyen
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study is to explore the perceptions of EFL teachers at four universities in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam with respect to the integration of Culture into English classes. There is much research in the field of language and culture, however, to my best understanding, little research has been investigated on teachers’ perceptions of culture embedment in English classes, especially in the context of Vietnam and the Mekong Delta. The data for this study were collected through questionnaires of 96 EFL tertiary teachers in the Mekong Delta and through interviews with 10 of them. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Firstly, findings showed that the teacher participants strongly agree that culture plays an important role in English classes and that cultural elements can help learners improve their linguistic and communicative competence, especially, since being successful in multicultural communication is the primary aim of teachers’ culture integration. Secondly, teachers can use different source materials and different learning activities to embed culture in English classes. Thirdly, teachers can play a variety of roles in culture integration. Finally, teachers think that policies, teachers’ low salary, teachers’ and students’ limited class time and students’ lack of interest are the main barriers. From the findings of this study, useful suggestions were proposed for English teachers, teacher educators, local educational leaders, policy-makers, and the community so that the integration of culture into English classes will be encouraged and become more effective.
The Importance of the Request Strategies in the Iraqi EFL Classroom
Authors: Obaid Hussein Nadhim , Mohd Ariff Albakri Intan Safinas
Published: December 2019

This paper explained English students’ pragmatics development, students’ pragmatics competence in chosen speech acts, request strategies that they used in gaining pragmatic ability. The paper was presented by a public syllabus lead that prioritizes the need for English learners to improve their ability to utilize request strategies successfully in academic and social communications. The study aimed to explain the significance of request strategies on developing EFL learners’ usage of the request in the classroom. Additionally, Many English learners fail to present pragmatic ability on how to understand request strategies by relating utterances to their meanings, knowing the intention of language users, and how request strategies are utilized in specific settings. There is growing material of researches on awareness-raising of the value of pragmatic competence and request strategies for EFL schoolroom teaching. However, researchers have pointed to concentrate on the traditional approaches rather than how English learners require or understand request strategies to develop the learners’ production of the request in the EFL schoolroom. Therefore, depending on the successful findings of previous studies, the study focused on the importance of strategies on developing students’ usage of the request. The request strategies and approaches of teaching English to these Iraqi students have been discussed in details of the current paper.
Between Sensorimotor Data and Conceptual Message: Embodied Simulation as an Approach to the Reading of Two Science Fiction Plays, Jennifer Haley’s The Nether and Peter Sinn Nachtrieb’s Boom
Authors: Mostafa Karam Khaled
Published: December 2019

This paper explains how the activation of the reader’s cognitive capacity of embodied simulation can improve the perception of science fiction and its interest in exploring the materiality of bodies. It offers an embodied cognitive interpretation of Haley’s The Nether and Nachtrieeb’s Boom, stressing the role of close reading of sensorimotor data in triggering the mental process of simulation and reinforcing the reader’s embodied involvement within the text. This paper also illustrates the cognitive link between linguistic input data in the process of reading science fiction and the stimulation of the capacity of embodied simulation. It argues that the more intensive the sensorimotor data is, the more appealing to the capacity of embodied simulation the text proves to be. The paper attempts to prove that the close reading of science fiction drama, abundant in sensorimotor data, is capable of generating an embodied simulative experience which guarantees a deeper understanding of the thematic content and an empathic engagement with the characters.
Fossil fern rhizomes as a model system for exploring epiphyte community structure across geologic time: evidence from Patagonia
Authors: Bippus Alexander C. , Escapa Ignacio H. , Wilf Peter , Tomescu Alexandru M.F.
Published: December 2019

Background

In extant ecosystems, complex networks of ecological interactions between organisms can be readily studied. In contrast, understanding of such interactions in ecosystems of the geologic past is incomplete. Specifically, in past terrestrial ecosystems we know comparatively little about plant biotic interactions besides saprotrophy, herbivory, mycorrhizal associations, and oviposition. Due to taphonomic biases, epiphyte communities are particularly rare in the plant-fossil record, despite their prominence in modern ecosystems. Accordingly, little is known about how terrestrial epiphyte communities have changed across geologic time. Here, we describe a tiny in situ fossil epiphyte community that sheds light on plant-animal and plant-plant interactions more than 50 million years ago.

Methods

A single silicified Todea (Osmundaceae) rhizome from a new locality of the early Eocene (ca. 52 Ma) Tufolitas Laguna del Hunco (Patagonia, Argentina) was studied in serial thin sections using light microscopy. The community of organisms colonizing the tissues of the rhizome was characterized by identifying the organisms and mapping and quantifying their distribution. A 200 × 200 µm grid was superimposed onto the rhizome cross section, and the colonizers present at each node of the grid were tallied.

Results

Preserved in situ, this community offers a rare window onto aspects of ancient ecosystems usually lost to time and taphonomic processes. The community is surprisingly diverse and includes the first fossilized leafy liverworts in South America, also marking the only fossil record of leafy bryophyte epiphytes outside of amber deposits; as well as several types of fungal hyphae and spores; microsclerotia with possible affinities in several ascomycete families; and evidence for oribatid mites.

Discussion

The community associated with the Patagonian rhizome enriches our understanding of terrestrial epiphyte communities in the distant past and adds to a growing body of literature on osmundaceous rhizomes as important hosts for component communities in ancient ecosystems, just as they are today. Because osmundaceous rhizomes represent an ecological niche that has remained virtually unchanged over time and space and are abundant in the fossil record, they provide a paleoecological model system that could be used to explore epiphyte community structure through time.
Unprofessional peer reviews disproportionately harm underrepresented groups in STEM
Authors: Silbiger Nyssa J. , Stubler Amber D.
Published: December 2019

Background

Peer reviewed research is paramount to the advancement of science. Ideally, the peer review process is an unbiased, fair assessment of the scientific merit and credibility of a study; however, well-documented biases arise in all methods of peer review. Systemic biases have been shown to directly impact the outcomes of peer review, yet little is known about the downstream impacts of unprofessional reviewer comments that are shared with authors.

Methods

In an anonymous survey of international participants in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, we investigated the pervasiveness and author perceptions of long-term implications of receiving of unprofessional comments. Specifically, we assessed authors’ perceptions of scientific aptitude, productivity, and career trajectory after receiving an unprofessional peer review.

Results

We show that survey respondents across four intersecting categories of gender and race/ethnicity received unprofessional peer review comments equally. However, traditionally underrepresented groups in STEM fields were most likely to perceive negative impacts on scientific aptitude, productivity, and career advancement after receiving an unprofessional peer review.

Discussion

Studies show that a negative perception of aptitude leads to lowered self-confidence, short-term disruptions in success and productivity and delays in career advancement. Therefore, our results indicate that unprofessional reviews likely have and will continue to perpetuate the gap in STEM fields for traditionally underrepresented groups in the sciences.
Panorama da atuação do profissional de secretariado executivo na Universidade Federal do Pará através da gestão por competências
Authors: Paes Raul Vitor Oliveira , Figueiredo Mônica de Souza , De Lemos Jorge Fernando Negrão , Oliveira Mariana Antunes
Published: December 2019

As Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior [IFES] caracterizam-se pela singularidade na execução de tarefas no âmbito do ensino, pesquisa, extensão e prestação de serviços à sociedade, com objetivos de produção de conhecimento e formação de profissionais que contribuam para o desenvolvimento social, cenário este no qual o secretário-executivo (SE) está inserido. O estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar o panorama do cargo de secretário executivo da Universidade Federal do Pará [UFPA], de acordo com a distribuição dos profissionais na estrutura e competências organizacionais. O referencial teórico discorre acerca da gestão universitária pública e da atuação do profissional de secretariado executivo nesse contexto. A metodologia contou com a abordagem de métodos mistos, com técnicas de coleta de levantamento e questionário aplicado a 31 SE sobre competências desenvolvidas na UFPA, contando com técnicas de análise de conteúdo, triangulação e distribuição de frequências. Como resultados, verificou-se que a distribuição dos SE, embora razoavelmente adequada na estrutura organizacional da UFPA, ainda é desproporcional; que as principais competências desenvolvidas são Redação Oficial, Tramitar Documentos e Processos, Arquivar Documentos, Análise de Documentos, Atualização de Informações e Dados, Fluxos de Processos, Delegar Tarefas, Assessoramento de Reuniões, Oferecer Feedback e Negociação e que predominam as competências técnicas em detrimento das competências gerenciais atribuídas ao perfil do SE.
Em busca do equilíbrio: o debate atual sobre o conflito trabalho-família nos periódicos científicos Brasileiros
Authors: De Mello e Souza Ana Carolina Martini Braz , Quelha de Sá Renata Guimarães , Da Costa Lemos Ana Heloísa
Published: December 2019

O presente trabalho buscou realizar uma investigação da produção científica brasileira recente sobre os temas conflito trabalho-família e equilíbrio trabalho-família, realizando, inicialmente, um estudo bibliométrico em periódicos científicos com classificação QUALIS/Capes (quadriênio 2013-2016) A2, B1, B2 e B3 no período de 2006 a 2017, no site SPELL® (Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library) para posterior análise e caracterização do estado da arte sobre o tema, no Brasil. A análise dos artigos selecionados levou à identificação das principais temáticas abordadas cujas reflexões são centradas, fundamentalmente, em torno de cinco grandes temas: questões de gênero; impactos da tecnologia no conflito; desafios enfrentados pelos gestores na busca pelo equilíbrio entre as esferas pessoal e profissional; aspectos gerenciais relacionados ao conflito trabalho-família; conflito e estudos críticos de gestão. Acredita-se que tais achados contribuam para o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas sobre o tema, uma vez que uma melhor compreensão das principais questões discutidas possibilita a identificação das abordagens que ainda não foram investigadas e que contribuiriam para a ampliação do debate sobre o tema, bem como para o alcance de soluções para os problemas enfrentados pelos profissionais na atualidade, em sua tentativa de equilibrar vida pessoal e profissional.
Modelagem soft de dinâmica de sistemas para o processo de S&OP: um modelo conceitual para organização do tipo produção sob encomenda
Authors: Domingos Jean Carlos , Dias Filho Claúdio Augusto , Da Veiga Cristiano Henrique Antonelli
Published: December 2019

O planejamento de vendas e operações (S&OP) relaciona os objetivos estratégicos organizacionais aos objetivos da produção e ainda permite a integração das demais áreas organizacionais, coordenando assim os diversos processos de planejamento presentes em uma atividade produtiva, como o planejamento das finanças, das operações propriamente ditas, das estratégias de marketing e também de recursos humanos. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o processo de S&OP sob a perspectiva de uma organização que produz sob encomenda e propor um modelo conceitual do processo que possibilite maior compreensão de tal dinâmica empresarial. A presente pesquisa se classifica como descritiva e aplicada, pois buscou a identificação de relações entre diversas variáveis com foco em gerar conhecimentos e soluções para aplicação do S&OP pelo uso de técnicas de dinâmica de sistemas. Para aplicar o modelo em uma empresa faz-se necessário realizar pequenos ajustes referentes às particulares desta. O equilíbrio entre oferta e demanda ocorre quando a organização promove integração funcional entre seus setores, fomentando a troca de informações entre os participantes do processo. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é que, de posse do modelo proposto, o tomador de decisões tem uma noção qualitativa acerca do S&OP e de como se dá a interação entre os planos empresariais.
Climate Resilient Water Management Practices for in situ Moisture Conservation
Authors: Kumari Kiran , Kumar Anjani , Pandey Sanjay , . Nityanand
Published: December 2019

Climate change has an impact on Indian agriculture in various direct and indirect ways besides affecting the lives and livelihood of millions of Indians. Efficient management of natural resources is key for enhancing the adaptive capacity of the system and contributes towards the resilience of communities. Successful crop production in frequent drought and flood-affected regions depends on how effectively we conserve the deficit rainfall and manage the excess rainfall and soils to retain the moisture for longer periods for successful arable crop production. The present study was conducted with the objective of evaluation of the performance of different in situ Water conservation measures with respect to the climatic variability prevailed in the village. Demonstrations of appropriate practices and technologies recommended by the National Agricultural Research System (NARS) are being taken up in a farmer participatory mode so that the communities become familiar with these technologies and help in their adoption resulting in enhancing their adaptive capacity and coping ability against climatic change and variability. It was observed that the use of forest leaves and paddy straw was found very profitable to conserve soil moisture in situ with BCR Rs. 7.16 followed by the use of naturally occurred leaves in fruit plants with BCR Rs. 6.22 and use of plastics in vegetables with BCR 4.41. Respondents opined that the use of natural mulch was very cost-effective as well as it is compatible with the existing farming system and very simple in its application. Wheat with cultivation through ZTD showed a maximum yield of 46q/ha. Zero tillage technology showed very promising results in pulse and oilseed cultivation.
Improving the Rheological Properties of Water Based Mud with Moringa oleifera Leaves
Authors: Biwott Tecla C. , Akaranta Onyewuchi , Kiprop Ambrose K. , Boniface Oriji
Published: December 2019

This paper aimed at improving the water-based drilling mud using Moringa oleifera (M. Oleifera) plant leaves. The rheological properties (plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), and gel strength) of the mud were measured using standard procedures. The mud weight was not affected by M. oleifera concentration (10.03-10.63 pounds per gallon (ppg)). pH of the formulated mud decreased by 28% with increasing concentration of the M. oleifera leaves. The highest PV (33cP) was recorded by mud with 1% M. oleifera leaves at 50ºC while the least value (22cP) was given by control mud at 70ºC temperature. Highest YP (57 1b/100ft2) was recorded by mud sample with 4% concentration of M. oleifera leaves while 1% gave the lowest YP value of 91b/100ft2 at 30ºC and 49ºC respectively.  Gel strength at 10 seconds showed improvement with 2% concentration of leaves by recording maximum of 5 1 b/100 ft2 at 70ºC while the lowest gel strength was recorded by 1% leaves concentration at 49ºC. A good gel strength (30.21 b/100 ft2) at 10 minutes was recorded by mud sample with 3% leaves of M. oleifera at temperature of 30ºC. The results indicated that the M. oleifera leaves significantly improved the rheological properties of the mud. It was also observed that the mud weight of formulated muds with M. oleifera leaves were not affected which leads to stability of the wellbore if the formulation is used.  These great result calls for the need to use M. oleifera leaves to improve rheological properties of the drilling mud. An investigation of M. oleifera as fluid loss control should be done as well as need to carry out isolation and characterization of the active ingredients from M. oleifera leaves so as to establish the compound (s) associated with its activity in drilling mud.
Synthesis of Hybrid Nanocrystalline Alloys by Mechanical Bonding through High‐Pressure Torsion
Authors: Han Jae-Kyung , Herndon Taylor , Jang Jae-il , Langdon Terence G. , Kawasaki Megumi
Published: December 2019

An overview of the mechanical bonding of dissimilar bulk engineering metals through high‐pressure torsion (HPT) processing at room temperature is described in this Review. A recently developed procedure of mechanical bonding involves the application of conventional HPT processing to alternately stacked two or more disks of dissimilar metals. A macroscale microstructural evolution involves the concept of making tribomaterials and, for some dissimilar metal combinations, microscale microstructural changes demonstrate the synthesis of metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) through the nucleation of nanoscale intermetallic compounds within the nanostructured metal matrix. Further straining by HPT during mechanical bonding provides an opportunity to introduce limited amorphous phases and a bulk metastable state. The mechanically bonded nanostructured hybrid alloys exhibit an exceptionally high specific strength and an enhanced plasticity. These experimental findings suggest a potential for using mechanical bonding for simply and expeditiously fabricating a wide range of new alloy systems by HPT processing.
Heterostructure of 2D CoP Nanosheets/1D Carbon Nanotubes to Significantly Boost the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Yong , Wang Tingting , Wu Niandu , Wang Yuanqi , Sun Yuan , Fu Lin , Du Youwei , Zhong Wei
Published: December 2019

The enhancement of catalytic performance of cobalt phosphide‐based catalysts is highly desirable but still challenging to replace noble metal for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline. Here, a unique hetero‐nanostructure of CoP nanosheets (CoP NS) grafted by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is reported. As analyzed and discussed, the well‐maintained open porous CoP nanosheets structure and abundant active interfaces between CNTs and CoP NS at the CoP NS/CNTs catalyst, together with enlarged catalytic active sites, reduce HER reaction energy barrier, increase charge transfer rate offered by the hybrid porous structure, and contribute to the extraordinary water reduction performance. Furthermore, the wettability of CoP NS/CNTs is also enhanced relative to CoP NS. Consequently, this CoP NS/CNTs unique hetero‐nanostructure shows significantly high‐efficiency HER activity in 1.0 m KOH electrolyte with negligible onset overpotential, a small overpotential of 68 mV at −10 mA cm−2, a low Tafel slope of 57 mV dec−1, and stability of up to 24 h, which is among the best reported values for CoP‐based HER electrocatalysts in alkaline media to date. This study provides an insight into rational design and low‐cost synthesis of the non‐precious‐based electrocatalysts based on interfaces and wettability with high efficiency and stability for HER.
Large‐Scale Fabrication of Highly Emissive Nanodiamonds by Chemical Vapor Deposition with Controlled Doping by SiV and GeV Centers from a Solid Source
Authors: De Feudis Mary , Tallaire Alexandre , Nicolas Louis , Brinza Ovidiu , Goldner Philippe , Hétet Gabriel , Bénédic Fabien , Achard Jocelyn
Published: December 2019

A new strategy to produce loose chemical vapor deposited nanodiamonds (ND) without the need of a seeded substrate, and that are intentionally doped by silicon vacancy and GeV centers from a solid source is presented. The addition of a low amount of gases such as N2 or O2 during growth is used as a control knob to finely tune the emission intensity of embedded color centers. NDs with a high brightness and a controllable amount of group IV color centers are eventually obtained. Their optical properties at low temperature indicate that this approach can usefully produce dispersed NDs that can deliver suitable optical performance for quantum technologies.
Predator Dormancy is a Stable Adaptive Strategy due to Parrondo's Paradox
Authors: Tan Zhi‐Xuan , Koh Jin Ming , Koonin Eugene V. , Cheong Kang Hao
Published: December 2019

Many predators produce dormant offspring to escape harsh environmental conditions, but the evolutionary stability of this adaptation has not been fully explored. Like seed banks in plants, dormancy provides a stable competitive advantage when seasonal variations occur, because the persistence of dormant forms under harsh conditions compensates for the increased cost of producing dormant offspring. However, dormancy also exists in environments with minimal abiotic variation—an observation not accounted for by existing theory. Here it is demonstrated that dormancy can out‐compete perennial activity under conditions of extensive prey density fluctuation caused by overpredation. It is shown that at a critical level of prey density fluctuations, dormancy becomes an evolutionarily stable strategy. This is interpreted as a manifestation of Parrondo's paradox: although neither the active nor dormant forms of a dormancy‐capable predator can individually out‐compete a perennially active predator, alternating between these two losing strategies can paradoxically result in a winning strategy. Parrondo's paradox may thus explain the widespread success of quiescent behavioral strategies such as dormancy, suggesting that dormancy emerges as a natural evolutionary response to the self‐destructive tendencies of overpredation and related biological phenomena.
Fast and Selective Semihydrogenation of Alkynes by Palladium Nanoparticles Sandwiched in Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Choe Kwanghak , Zheng Fengbin , Wang Hui , Yuan Yi , Zhao Wenshi , Xue Guangxin , Qiu Xueying , Ri Myonghak , Shi Xinghua , Wang Yinglong , Li Guodong , Tang Zhiyong
Published: December 2019

The semihydrogenation of alkynes into alkenes rather than alkanes is of great importance in the chemical industry. Unfortunately, state‐of‐the‐art heterogeneous catalysts hardly achieve high turnover frequencies (TOFs) simultaneously with almost full conversion, excellent selectivity, and good stability. Here, we used metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) containing Zr metal nodes (“UiO”) with tunable wettability and electron‐withdrawing ability as activity accelerators for the semihydrogenation of alkynes catalyzed by sandwiched palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). Impressively, the porous hydrophobic UiO support not only leads to an enrichment of phenylacetylene around the Pd NPs but also renders the Pd surfaces more electron‐deficient, which leads to a remarkable catalysis performance, including an exceptionally high TOF of 13835 h−1, 100 % phenylacetylene conversion 93.1 % selectivity towards styrene, and no activity decay after successive catalytic cycles. The strategy of using molecularly tailored supports is universal for boosting the selective semihydrogenation of various terminal and internal alkynes.
Greener Dye Synthesis: Continuous, Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Commodity Perylene Diimides by Twin‐Screw Extrusion
Authors: Cao Qun , Crawford Deborah E. , Shi Chengcheng , James Stuart L.
Published: December 2019

A continuous, scalable, and solvent‐free method for the synthesis of various naphthalic imides and perylene diimides (PDIs) using twin‐screw extrusion (TSE) is reported. Using TSE, naphthalic imides were obtained quantitatively without the need for excess amine reactant or product purification. With good functional‐group tolerance, alkyl and benzyl amine derived PDIs (incl. commercial dyes) were obtained in 50–99 % yield. Use of K2CO3, enabled synthesis of more difficult aniline‐derived PDIs. Furthermore, an automated continuous TSE process for Pigments Black 31 and 32 is demonstrated, with a throughput rate of about 1500 g day−1, corresponding to a space time yield of about 30×103 kg m−3 day−1, which is 1–2 orders of magnitude greater than for solvent‐based batch methods. These methods provide substantial waste reductions and improved efficiency compared to conventional solvent‐based methods.
Initiation of Protein Synthesis with Non‐Canonical Amino Acids In Vivo
Authors: Tharp Jeffery M. , Ad Omer , Amikura Kazuaki , Ward Fred R. , Garcia Emma M. , Cate Jamie H. D. , Schepartz Alanna , Söll Dieter
Published: December 2019

By transplanting identity elements into E. coli tRNAfMet, we have engineered an orthogonal initiator tRNA (itRNATy2) that is a substrate for Methanocaldococcus jannaschii TyrRS. We demonstrate that itRNATy2 can initiate translation in vivo with aromatic non‐canonical amino acids (ncAAs) bearing diverse sidechains. Although the initial system suffered from low yields, deleting redundant copies of tRNAfMet from the genome afforded an E. coli strain in which the efficiency of non‐canonical initiation equals elongation. With this improved system we produced a protein containing two distinct ncAAs at the first and second positions, an initial step towards producing completely unnatural polypeptides in vivo. This work provides a valuable tool to synthetic biology and demonstrates remarkable versatility of the E. coli translational machinery for initiation with ncAAs in vivo.