bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Intermittent Treatment with Topical Corticosteroids and Calcineurin Inhibitors on Epidermal and Dermal Thickness Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Ultrasound
Authors: Aschoff Roland , Lang Awena , Koch Edmund
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Proactive therapy with topical corticosteroids (TCSs) is the standard treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis; however, skin atrophy as TCS side effect remains a concern. Methods: This 16-week, evaluator-blinded, within-patient placebo-controlled, randomized study enrolled volunteers with healthy skin conditions. For 12 weeks, their volar forearm and the back of their hand were applied with hydrocortisone acetate 1% cream (HC), methylprednisolone aceponate 0.1% cream (MPA), betamethasone valerate 0.1% cream (BMV), or an active agent-free base cream (Dermatop® Basiscreme) once daily twice weekly, and pimecrolimus 1% cream (PIM) twice daily twice weekly. Epidermal and dermal thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography and high-frequency ultrasound, respectively. Furthermore, skin atrophy and telangiectasia were determined by contact dermatoscopic photography (Dermaphot®). Results: After 8 and 12 weeks, only BMV led to significant epidermal thinning on both sites. Four weeks after the end of treatment, epidermal thickness returned to baseline. No dermal thinning, atrophy, or telangiectasia was observed. Conclusions: MPA, HC, and PIM may be more suitable for repeated and prolonged treatment, especially in chronic diseases.
Clinical Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation Patients With a History of Cancer Treated With Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Chan Yi-Hsin , Chao Tze-Fan , Lee Hsin-Fu , Chen Shao-Wei , Li Pei-Ru , Liu Jia-Rou , Wu Lung-Sheng , Chang Shang-Hung , Yeh Yung-Hsin , Kuo Chi-Tai , See Lai-Chu , Lip Gregory Y.H.
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose:

Data on clinical outcomes for nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOACs) and warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and cancer are limited, and patients with active cancer were excluded from randomized trials. We investigated the effectiveness and safety for NOACs versus warfarin among patients with atrial fibrillation with cancer.

Methods:

In this nationwide retrospective cohort study from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified a total of 6274 and 1681 consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation with cancer taking NOACs and warfarin from June 1, 2012, to December 31, 2017, respectively. Propensity score stabilized weighting was used to balance covariates across study groups.

Results:

There were 1031, 1758, 411, and 3074 patients treated with apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban, respectively. After propensity score stabilized weighting, NOAC was associated with a lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.50–0.80];
P
=0.0001), major adverse limb events (hazard ratio, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.24–0.70];
P
=0.0010), venous thrombosis (hazard ratio, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.23–0.61];
P
<0.0001), and major bleeding (hazard ratio, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.56–0.94];
P
=0.0171) compared with warfarin. The outcomes were consistent with either direct thrombin inhibitor (dabigatran) or factor Xa inhibitor (apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban) use, among patients with stroke history, and among patients with different type of cancer and local, regional, or metastatic stage of cancer (
P
interaction >0.05). When compared with warfarin, NOAC was associated with lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular event, and venous thrombosis in patients aged <75 but not in those aged ≥75 years (
P
interaction <0.05).

Conclusions:

Thromboprophylaxis with NOACs rather than warfarin should be considered for the majority of the atrial fibrillation population with cancer.
Who’s your daddy? On the identity and distribution of the paternal hybrid ancestor of the parthenogenetic gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae)
Authors: KARIN BENJAMIN R. , OLIVER PAUL M. , STUBBS ALEXANDER L. , ARIFIN UMILAELA , ISKANDAR DJOKO T. , ARIDA EVY , OONG ZHENG , MCGUIRE JIMMY A. , KRAUS FRED , FUJITA MATTHEW K. , INEICH IVAN , OTA HIDETOSHI , HATHAWAY STACIE A. , FISHER ROBERT N.
Published: July 2021

The widespread parthenogenetic gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris is comprised of several clonal lineages, at least one of which has been known for some time to have originated from hybridization between its maternal ancestor, Lepidodactylus moestus, and a putatively undescribed paternal ancestor previously known only from remote islands in the Central Pacific. By integrating new genetic sequences from multiple studies on Lepidodactylus and incorporating new genetic sequences from previously sampled populations, we recovered a phylogenetic tree that shows a close genetic similarity between the generally hypothesized paternal hybrid ancestor and a recently described species from Maluku (Indonesia), Lepidodactylus pantai. Our results suggest that the paternal hybrid ancestor of at least one parthenogenetic clone of L. lugubris is conspecific with L. pantai and that the range of this species extends to Palau, the Caroline Islands, the Kei Islands, Wagabu, and potentially other small islands near New Guinea. Deeper genetic structure in the western (Palau, Maluku) versus eastern (eastern Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia) part of this species’ range suggests that the western populations likely dispersed via natural colonization, whereas the eastern populations may be the result of human-mediated dispersal. The potential taxonomic affinities and biogeographic history should be confirmed with further morphological and genetic analyses, including research on L. woodfordi from its type locality, which would have nomenclatural priority if found to be conspecific with L. pantai. We recommend referring to the wide-ranging sexual species as Lepidodactylus pantai until such a comparison can be made.
Validation of Analytical Methods for Tacrolimus Determination in Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanocapsules and Identification of Drug Degradation Products
Authors: Camargo Guilherme A. , Lyra Amanda M. , Barboza Fernanda M. , Fiorin Barbara C. , Beltrame Flávio L. , Nadal Jessica M. , Novatski Andressa , Farago Paulo V.
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper was to use chromatographic tools for validating an analytical method for the tacrolimus (TAC) determination in polymeric nanocapsules and for identifying the drug degradation products after alkaline stress. A rapid Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled
with photo-diode array (UHPLC-PDA) method was successfully performed using the following chromatographic conditions: the Shimadzu Shim-pack XR-ODS III C18 column (100 mm×2.00 mm, 2.2 μm), the mobile phase consisting of methanol and acidified ultrapure water (89:11 v/v), the
flow rate of 0.55 mL·min−1, and the ultraviolet (UV) detection at 235 nm. This method was validated as per International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. In addition, a TAC forced degradation assay was carried out after alkaline stress and its degradation
products were investigated using Liquid Chromatography coupled tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). The calibration curve was linear in the range of 100.0–300.0 μg·mL−1 (r >0.9999). Accuracy was confirmed by the TAC recovery of 96.55 to 98.19%.
Precision (intraday and interday) were demonstrated by relative standard deviation lower than 0.89% and 3.25%, respectively. Selectivity and robustness were also proved. The method developed it was successfully applied to quantify TAC from polymeric nanocapsules, showing a high loading efficiency
rate (>96.47%). The main drug degradation product observed in a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) experiment was m/z 844, confirming the susceptibility of TAC under alkaline conditions; this finding was first time described.
Printed Electrode for High-Performance Bow-Tie Antenna by Photonic Sintering Process
Authors: Jin Nam Hyun , Yuk Ji-Hun , Song Kyu , Sun Kim Young , Nam Su-Yong , Park Se-Hoon
Published: July 2021

Recently, flexible electronic device technology has evolved beyond curved devices with the development of flexible/stretchable devices that can be crumpled or stretched. Both elasticity and durability are essential for these devices, which should have high-conductivity for antennas
and repeatability for sensors. In addition, electronic-skins, which can have a direct impact on the human-body, should be harmless to the human-body and should not be deformed by contact with sweat or organic matter. In this study, PDMS substrates were used to satisfy the above conditions.
PDMS is used to fabricate human-friendly, flexible/stretchable substrates, and it has excellent repeat durability characteristics. To improve the adhesion of these PDMS films and electrodes, conductive paste was produced based on PDMS resins of the same properties. In addition, two types of
Ag particles were selected as conductive fillers because the electrode characteristics of the antenna application requires excellent conductivity, and conductive paste were produced using flake Ag, which could affect conductivity, and Ag nanoparticles that affect stretchability and repeatability.
The paste was applied using a high-efficiency printing technique. The printed electrodes were cured in a thermal oven. For higher conductivity, photonic-sintering was carried out during post-processing. As a result, 1.1117×106 (S/m) had excellent conductivity, performed well in repeated
tensile-durability experiments of 30% to 100 times, and produced a bow-tie antenna for the above electrodes. As a result of tensing up to 35% through a Network-Analyzer, there was no performance change in the resonance-frequency or return-loss values, and excellent electrodes were developed
that would achieve excellent performance even if they are applied in the sub-frequency area of 5G-antennas in the future.
A Study on the Control of Residual Stress of Copper Thick-Film Using 2D Nanomaterial
Authors: Jai Lee Kwon , Young Oh Jee , Nam Kim Kyong
Published: July 2021

With the rapid development of the electronics industry, high-density electronic devices and component mounting have gained popularity. Because of the heat generated from these devices, efficiency of the electronic parts is significantly lowered and life of various electronic devices
is considerably shortened. Therefore, it is essential to efficiently dissipate the heat generated from the device to extend product life and ensure high efficiency of electronic components. This study evaluated how residual stress is impacted by the thickness of the deposited copper film,
which is widely used as a heat dissipation material, and the number of graphene layers. The results confirmed that the residual stress decreased with increasing thickness. Moreover, the residual stress changed based on the transfer area of graphene, which had an elastic modulus eight times
that of copper, indicating that the residual stress of the deposited copper film can be controlled.
Silver Nanoprism for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Hg+2 Ions
Authors: Mittal Avneesh , Gupta Komal , Pani Balaram , Kumar Gulshan , Ram Bhadu Gopala , Godara Sachin Kumar , Nain Ratyakshi , Sirohi Sidhharth
Published: July 2021

In this article, we propose high-performance colorimetric detection of Hg+2 using silver nanoprisms. The spherical and triangular AgNPs were synthesized using varied concentration of NaBH4. Pristine AgNPs without any further modification were used for the detection of various
metal ions including Hg2+, Pb2+, Cl−, Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Cr3+, Cr2O2−7 , Fe2+, Fe3+ etc. AgNPs were not only selective
in detecting the ions of Cl− and Hg+2 ions but also highly sensitive. Minimum detection limit was observed to be as low as 10−7 ppm for both Hg+2 and Cl−. Water samples collected from various locations detected for the
presence of various heavy metals. Silver nanoprisms owing to their surface plasmon resonance exhibit highly selective tendency towards detection against Hg+2.
Commercial Wet-Spun Singlewall and Dry-Spun Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Fiber Surface O-Functionalization by Ozone Treatment
Authors: Sundaram Rajyashree M. , Yamada Takeo , Kokubo Ken , Hata Kenji , Sekiguchi Atsuko
Published: July 2021

In this work, we demonstrate controlled introduction of O-functional groups on commercial carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) with different nanotube morphologies obtained by dry- and wet-spinning by treatment with gaseous ozone (O3(g)). Our test samples were (1) wet-spun fibers
of smalldiameter (1–2 nm) singlewall (SW)-CNTs and (2) dry-spun fibers containing large-diameter (20 nm) multiwall (MW)-CNTs. Our results indicate that SW-CNTFs undergo oxygenation to a higher extent than MW-CNTFs due to the higher reactivity of SW-CNTs with a larger curvature strain.
Oxygenation resulting from O3 exposure was evidenced as increase in surface O atomic% (at% by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS) and as reductions in G/D (by Raman spectroscopy) as well as electrical conductivities due to changes in nanotube graphitic structure. By XPS, we identified
the emergence of various types of O-functionalities on the fiber surfaces. After long duration O3 exposure (>300 s for SW-CNTFs and >600 s for MW-CNTFs), both sp2 C═O (carbonyl) and sp3 C–O moieties (ether/hydroxy) were observed on fiber
surfaces. Whereas, only sp3 C–O (ether/hydroxy) components were observed after shorter exposure times. O3 treatment led to only changes in surface chemistry, while the fiber morphology, microstructure and dimensions remained unaltered. We believe the surface
chemistry controllability demonstrated here on commercial fibers spun by different methods containing nanotubes of different structures is of significance in aiding the practical application development of CNTFs.
Antibacterial Activities of Biosynthesized ZnO Nanoparticles Using Leaf and Fruit Extracts of Neolamarckia cadamba
Authors: Gharpure Saee , Yadwade Rachana , Mehmood Shuana , Ankamwar Balaprasad
Published: July 2021

Zinc oxide nanoparticles have been biosynthesized with the help of Neolamarckia cadamba leaf and fruit extracts. ZnO nanoparticles were tested for antibacterial activity before and after calcination against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) as well
as Gram negative micro-organisms (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) within the concentration range 0.625–10 mg/mL with the help of well diffusion technique. Higher antibacterial potential has been observed in ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using leaf extract in comparison
with those synthesized using fruit extract. Increased antibacterial activity was observed before calcination as compared to after calcination. ZnO synthesized using leaf extract were observed to show significant antibacterial potential against E. coli, S. aureus along with P. aeruginosa
before calcination as well as against E. coli after calcination. Similarly, ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using fruit extract exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa before calcination and against E. coli after calcination. Both the ZnO
nanoparticles before and after calcination did not show any antibacterial activity against B. subtilis. Thus, ZnO nanoparticles can serve a dual purpose by its application as an antibacterial agent against susceptible micro-organisms as well as biocompatible carrier system for drug
delivery applications in case of non-antibacterial properties by virtue of its inertness as well as easy disposal.
Phase Behavior of Polyglycerol Ester-Based Nanoemulsions
Authors: Gan Liang , Cui Dingyuan , Ali Nawab , Zhang Qianjie , Zhang Dongmei , Jiang Wen , Zhang Wanping
Published: July 2021

Nanoemulsions were prepared using polyglycerol esters as emulsifiers. The effects of emulsifiers, oils, and polyols on the phase behavior of nanoemulsions were analyzed by phase diagram method using caprylic acid capric triglyceride (318), mineral oil, and squalane (Squ) as oils respectively.
Various factors affecting the area of the oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion were investigated. The results showed that hydrophilic polyglyceryl-4 laurate was beneficial to the formation of translucent nanoemulsions, while lipophilic polyglyceryl-4 oleate could synergize the emulsification performance
and was more conducive to the formation of nanoemulsions; the type of oil could affect the emulsifying ability of the emulsifier. It was found that it was beneficial to form translucent nanoemulsion when caprylic acid capric triglyceride was adopted as oil. However, it was almost impossible
to form translucent nanoemulsions when mineral oil and squalane were used as oils. The addition of water-soluble jojoba ester was beneficial to the formation of O/W emulsion. In addition, glycerin can improve the polarity of the aqueous medium, enhance the affinity between emulsifiers and
aqueous medium, and help to form a translucent nanoemulsion.
Global Reach-Level 3-Hourly River Flood Reanalysis (1980–2019)
Authors: Yang Yuan , Pan Ming , Lin Peirong , Beck Hylke E. , Zeng Zhenzhong , Yamazaki Dai , David Cédric H. , Lu Hui , Yang Kun , Hong Yang , Wood Eric F.
Published: July 2021

Better understanding and quantification of river floods for very local and “flashy” events calls for modeling capability at fine spatial and temporal scales. However, long-term discharge records with a global coverage suitable for extreme events analysis are still lacking. Here, grounded on recent breakthroughs in global runoff hydrology, river modeling, high-resolution hydrography, and climate reanalysis, we developed a 3-hourly river discharge record globally for 2.94 million river reaches during the 40-yr period of 1980–2019. The underlying modeling chain consists of the VIC land surface model (0.05°, 3-hourly) that is well calibrated and bias corrected and the RAPID routing model (2.94 million river and catchment vectors), with precipitation input from MSWEP and other meteorological fields downscaled from ERA5. Flood events (above 2-yr return) and their characteristics (number, spatial distribution, and seasonality) were extracted and studied. Validations against 3-hourly flow records from 6,000+ gauges in CONUS and daily records from 14,000+ gauges globally show good modeling performance across all flow ranges, good skills in reconstructing flood events (high extremes), and the benefit of (and need for) subdaily modeling. This data record, referred as Global Reach-Level Flood Reanalysis (GRFR), is publicly available at https://www.reachhydro.org/home/records/grfr.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Isolated Side Branch Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Arslan Sukru , Yildiz Ahmet , Abaci Okay , Jafarov Urfan , Batit Servet , Kilicarslan Onur , Yumuk Tugay , Dogan Omer , Kocas Cuneyt , Bostan Cem
Published: July 2021

The data with respect to stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) are mainly confined to main vessel disease. However, there is a lack of information and long-term outcomes regarding isolated side branch disease. This study aimed to evaluate long-term major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in patients with isolated side branch coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 437 patients with isolated side branch SCAD were included. After a median follow-up of 38 months, the overall MACCE and all-cause mortality rates were 14.6% and 5.9%, respectively. Among angiographic features, 68.2% of patients had diagonal artery and 82.2% had ostial lesions. In 28.8% of patients, the vessel diameter was ≥2.75 mm. According to the American College of Cardiology lesion classification, 84.2% of patients had either class B or C lesions. Age, ostial lesions, glycated hemoglobin A1c, and neutrophil levels were independent predictors of MACCE. On the other hand, side branch location, vessel diameter, and lesion complexity did not affect outcomes. Clinical risk factors seem to have a greater impact on MACCE rather than lesion morphology. Therefore, the treatment of clinical risk factors is of paramount importance in these patients.
Theoretical Simulation of Near-Infrared Spectrum of Piperine: Insight into Band Origins and the Features of Regression Models
Authors: Grabska Justyna , Beć Krzysztof B. , Mayr Sophia , Huck Christian W.
Published: July 2021

We investigated the near-infrared spectrum of piperine using quantum mechanical calculations. We evaluated two efficient approaches, DVPT2//PM6 and DVPT2//ONIOM [PM6:B3LYP/6-311++G(2df, 2pd)] that yielded a simulated spectrum with varying accuracy versus computing time factor. We performed vibrational assignments and unveiled complex nature of the near-infrared spectrum of piperine, resulting from a high level of band convolution. The most meaningful contribution to the near-infrared absorption of piperine results from binary combination bands. With the available detailed near-infrared assignment of piperine, we interpreted the properties of partial least square regression models constructed in our earlier study to describe the piperine content in black pepper samples. Two models were compared with spectral data sets obtained with a benchtop and a miniaturized spectrometer. The two spectrometers implement distinct technology which leads to a profound instrumental difference and discrepancy in the predictive performance when analyzing piperine content. We concluded that the sensitivity of the two instruments to certain types of piperine vibrations is different and that the benchtop spectrometer unveiled higher selectivity. Such difference in obtaining chemical information from a sample can be one of the reasons why the benchtop spectrometer performs better in analyzing the piperine content of black pepper. This evidenced direct correspondence between the features critical for applied near-infrared spectroscopic routine and the underlying vibrational properties of the analyzed constituent in a complex sample.
Prolonged grief disorder in DSM-5-TR: Early predictors and longitudinal measurement invariance
Authors: Boelen Paul A , Lenferink Lonneke IM
Published: July 2021

Objective:

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision includes prolonged grief disorder as a novel disorder. Prolonged grief disorder can be diagnosed when acute grief stays distressing and disabling, beyond 12 months following bereavement. Evidence indicates that elevated prolonged grief disorder symptoms in the first year of bereavement predict pervasive grief later in time; targeting early elevated grief may potentially prevent symptoms getting chronic. There is limited knowledge about the characteristics of people in the first year of bereavement who have an elevated chance of developing full prolonged grief disorder beyond the 12-month time point. This study examined these characteristics.

Methods:

We used self-reported data from 306 adults who all completed questions on socio-demographic and loss-related characteristics plus a measure of prolonged grief disorder within the first year of bereavement (Wave 1; time since loss: M = 4.97, SD = 3.13 months) and again 1 year later (Wave 2; time since loss: M = 17.84, SD = 3.38 months). We examined the prevalence rates of probable prolonged grief disorder (Wave 2), measurement invariance of prolonged grief disorder symptoms between waves, and associations of socio-demographic and loss-related variables, and Wave 1 prolonged grief disorder with probable prolonged grief disorder at Wave 2.

Results:

Regarding prevalence, 10.1% ( n = 31) met criteria for probable prolonged grief disorder (Wave 2). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis supported longitudinal measurement invariance of prolonged grief disorder symptoms. People meeting criteria at Wave 1 (except the time criterion) had a significantly increased risk of meeting criteria at Wave 2. Variables best predicting probable prolonged grief disorder at Wave 2 were prolonged grief disorder at Wave 1, lower education, loss of a child and loss to unnatural/violent causes (sensitivity = 56.67%, specificity = 98.12%, 93.92% correct classifications).

Conclusion:

People meeting criteria for prolonged grief disorder (except the time criterion) before the first anniversary of the death are at risk of full-blown prolonged grief disorder beyond this time point, particularly those who have lower education, confronted the death of a child and confronted unnatural/violent loss. Findings may inform advances in preventive bereavement care.
Conceiving the Inconceivable: Paradox in the Thought of Paul Tillich
Authors: Shaw Elliott
Published: July 2021

Paradox is a term used repeatedly in Paul Tillich’s thought. This article explores how Tillich uses paradox to present key areas of Christian belief and practice and, in doing so, how he endeavours to liberate Christian theology from the perceived low Christological reductivism of certain expressions of liberal Protestantism and the ostensibly impenetrable supernaturalism of Chalcedon. Further to this a number of contemporary critical assessments of Tillich’s theology are outlined; the author draws upon the concept of paradox to engage with these criticisms and presents his own reflections on how Tillich’s thought might be situated within a pluralist theology.
The Causal Relationship Between Foreign Debt and Economic Growth: Evidence from Commonwealth Independent States
Authors: Yasar Nermin
Published: July 2021

This study investigates the relationship between external borrowing and economic growth in the Commonwealth Independent States during the period 1995–2018. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is employed to determine the co-integration relationship among the series and then vector error correction model (VECM) is used to analyse the causality between external debt and income. The obtained results suggest that there is a negative long-term unidirectional causal relationship running from external debt to GDP presenting a strong evidence of existence of debt overhang hypothesis. The possible reasons for this unidirectional causal relationship can be explained by poor management of provided financial resources and incomplete governance in economic transition process along with structural rigidities and immature institutions in these countries which, in the long term, resulted in insufficient capital charged to service external debt. The policymakers in these post-Soviet countries should not use foreign loans to capitalise the deficits in the economies; instead, they should be more determined in employing these funds in the areas that will create national value-added production and, thus, future income.

JEL Classification: C10, F34, H63
Global Value Chains in India and Their Impact on Gender Wage Disparity
Authors: Deb Kaveri
Published: July 2021

Trade across countries in the world has assumed a new dimension with the emergence of global value chains (GVCs). GVCs are associated with trade in intermediate parts and components being processed and assembled in multiple countries. The current article analyses the impact of India’s participation in GVCs on the wage gap between male and female workers. Dearth of studies exploring this issue in the Indian context is a motivation for the current research. India’s participation in GVCs is measured by two indicators—domestic value added in intermediate goods as a share of gross exports (DVAXINT) and foreign value-added share of gross exports (FVAX). Both pooled and panel regression analyses based on secondary sources of data suggest that none of the indicators of GVCs have been helpful in improving the relative wages of female workers in India.

JEL Codes: C33, F14, F16, F23
Wilding the domestic: Camp servants and glamping in British India
Authors: Rashkow Ezra D.
Published: July 2021

How can a jungle be domestic, and a camp servant be a domestic servant? This article argues for a reconceptualisation of historical forests and jungles of India: spaces usually conceived of as wild and hostile in the popular imagination were also a domestic realm. Pushing the boundaries of traditional conceptualisations of both domestic and wild, I examine the lives of late nineteenth to early twentieth-century camp servants and colonial officers living and working in the central Indian hinterland. Building on my work on populations I have referred to as ‘subaltern shikaris’, typically ‘tribal’ employees in British big game hunting expeditions, and drawing from a vast literature left behind by European forest officers and big game hunters in central India, this article shows how servants and servitude were vital to establishing that jungle camps could indeed be quite domestic.
Central Public Sector Enterprises in India: A Case of Policy and Perception Conundrum
Authors: Kumar Sharat
Published: July 2021

The fact that there is a direct relationship between higher investment and higher economic growth is accepted by all. Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs), in this respect, have been vehicles of large-scale investment in the country. A good many of these enterprises are listed on the stock exchanges. Their market capitalisation, however, recorded a significant fall in recent months despite these companies showing good performance on their ‘profit and loss’ accounts. The recent government pronouncements regarding CPSEs are observed to have adversely impacted the market sentiments and consequently their market capitalisation.

The article argues that a White Paper on implementation of pending reforms as recommended by the Panel of Experts on Reforms in CPSEs, set up by the Planning Commission earlier, would go a long way in reversing the current trend of fall in market capitalisation of these enterprises.
Cartography of Southern Feminisms: Contributions of decolonial feminisms and community feminisms
Authors: Martínez Silvana , Agüero Juan
Published: July 2021

This work is based on a theoretical research study on Southern Feminisms and Social Intervention developed at the National University of Mar del Plata, Argentina. The South is understood as a metaphor for human suffering systematically caused by the oppression and domination of an imperialist, capitalist, colonial and patriarchal North. It is a very powerful geo-corporate-political and epistemological metaphor because it reveals and problematises the devices used for oppression and domination. This article uses cartography as a methodology to make explicit the analytical and interpretative matrices present in decolonial feminisms and community feminisms. It also makes explicit the criticisms that these feminisms make of hegemonic-academic-Western feminism. Contributions from feminist experiences in Australia and New Zealand are included and the specific contributions of Southern Feminisms to the theory and practice of social work are made explicit.
The Challenges of Sustainable Livelihoods Through Land Restoration in South Africa
Authors: Gumede Mabuyi , Ehiane Stanley
Published: July 2021

This paper explores the extent to which land ownership through restoration results in non-sustainability in the Nonoti community in South Africa. During the apartheid era, Black communities were evicted from their ancestral land to make way for tourism development, though those lands were later repossessed by their original owners. This study aims at exploring the challenges of post-settlement after land restoration to new landowners in the Nonoti Beach resort. This paper is anchored on the sustainable livelihoods theoretical framework to measure the extent to which land can enhance socio-economic development. This study adopted a qualitative research design using in-depth interviews and focus groups. The sample of this study was drawn from the Nonoti local community members and representatives of the government agencies in charge of land restoration. The study concludes that landowners should be capacitated through training and skills development to live sustainably on the land they have acquired through the land claims process.
Early Optimistic Effect in Periodontology and Implant Dentistry Trials
Authors: Menne M.C. , Seitidis G. , Faggion C.M. , Mavridis D. , Pandis N.
Published: July 2021

Differences in effect estimates between early primary trials included in a meta-analysis and the pooled estimate of meta-analysis might indicate potential novelty bias. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of novelty bias in a sample of studies published in periodontology and implant dentistry. On August 7, 2020, we searched the PubMed database for meta-analyses of clinical studies published between August 2015 and August 2020. Meta-analyses with at least 4 primary studies were selected for assessment. We fitted logistic regression models using trial characteristics as predictors to assess the association between these characteristics and 1) the odds of the first trial’s estimate to be included in the meta-analysis confidence interval (CI) and 2) the odds of overlap between the first trial’s CI and the meta-analysis prediction interval (PI). Ninety-two meta-analyses provided data for assessment. In absolute values, 70% of the meta-analyses have a pooled estimate smaller than the corresponding estimate of the first trial, although there was overlap of the CI of estimates from the first trial and the meta-analysis in 87% of the cases. This is probably due to the small number of trials in most meta-analyses and the subsequently large uncertainty associated with the pooled effect estimate. As the number of trials in the meta-analysis increased, the odds of the treatment effect estimate of the first trial to be included in the meta-analysis CI decreased by 15% for every additional trial (odds ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.96). Meta-analytic effect estimates appear to be more conservative than those from the first trial in the meta-analysis. Our findings show evidence of novelty bias in periodontology and implant dentistry; therefore, clinicians should be aware of the risk of making decisions based on the information reported in new trials because of the risk of exaggerated estimates in these trials.
Identifying Market Structure: A Deep Network Representation Learning of Social Engagement
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhang Kunpeng , Kannan P.K.
Published: July 2021

With rapid technological developments, product-market boundaries have become more dynamic. Consequently, competition for products and services is emerging outside the product-market boundaries traditionally defined based on Standard Industrial Classification and North American Industry Classification System codes. Identifying these fluid product-market boundaries is critical for firms not only to compete effectively within a market but also to identify lurking threats and latent opportunities outside market boundaries. Newly available big data on social media engagement presents such an opportunity. The authors propose a deep network representation learning framework to capture latent relationships among thousands of brands and across many categories, using millions of social media users’ brand engagement data. They build a brand–user network and then compress the network into a lower-dimensional space using a deep autoencoder technique. The authors evaluate this approach quantitatively and qualitatively and visually display the market structure using the learned representations of brands. They validate the learned brand relationships using multiple external data sources. They also illustrate how this method can capture the dynamic changes of product-market boundaries using two well-known events—the acquisition of Whole Foods by Amazon and the introduction of the Model 3 by Tesla—and how managers can use the insights that emerge from this analysis.
Relative Effectiveness of Print and Digital Advertising: A Memory Perspective
Authors: Venkatraman Vinod , Dimoka Angelika , Vo Khoi , Pavlou Paul A.
Published: July 2021

The exponential growth in digital media has recently challenged the value of print media in the overall marketing mix. Across three studies, the authors evaluate the relative effectiveness of print ads versus digital ads. In Study 1, using eye tracking and biometric measures during exposure, the authors find stronger encoding and engagement for print ads over digital ads. A week later, participants showed no significant difference in recognizing ads across format, though they better remembered the encoding context of print ads. Notably, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the authors find greater activation in hippocampus and parahippocampal regions for print ads relative to digital ads. Extending these insights, Study 2 demonstrates that participants better remember print ads across contents, context, and brand associations when using snippets as retrieval cues. In addition to establishing the robustness of previous findings, Study 3 provides further evidence that the observed memory advantage for print ads is primarily due to superior encoding during initial exposure. From a practical perspective, these findings suggest that marketers should not discount the value of print media in advertising, despite the rapid growth of digital media and communications.
Perceived Versus Negotiated Discounts: The Role of Advertised Reference Prices in Price Negotiations
Authors: Jindal Pranav
Published: July 2021

Retailers routinely present a posted or sale price together with a higher advertised reference price, in an effort to evoke a perception of the discount the consumer is receiving. However, if prices can be negotiated, what impact does this initial perceived discount (IPD) have on the ultimate discount, demand, and revenue? With data from consumers of a large durable goods retailer, in a natural decision-making environment, this study provides evidence that a greater IPD is associated with smaller negotiated discounts. Then, a lab experiment involving negotiation and purchase decisions for multiple products, with randomly assigned values of the IPD, establishes that a $1 increase in IPD lowers the negotiated discount by 5.7 cents. Furthermore, 55% of this decrease can be attributed to reduction in the participants’ likelihood to initiate a negotiation. Under bargaining, almost one-third of the increase in revenue from a higher IPD stems from an increase in the negotiated price, which is unlike fixed pricing, in which setting an increase in IPD affects revenue only through changes in demand. Finally, the optimal advertised reference prices a seller would post under bargaining and fixed pricing are similar, but the benefit from posting this price is significantly higher under bargaining. These findings in turn have implications for researchers, retailers, consumers and policy makers.
We Succeeded Together, Now What: Relationship Power and Sequential Decisions in Couples’ Joint Goal Pursuits
Authors: Nikolova Hristina , Nenkov Gergana Y.
Published: July 2021

Research has demonstrated that after making high goal progress, consumers feel liberated to engage in goal-inconsistent behaviors. But what happens after consumers make high progress in the context of joint goal pursuit? The authors examine how jointly made progress toward a joint goal pursued by couples affects subsequent individually made goal-relevant decisions. Across five experiments with both lab-created couples and married participants and financial data from a couples’ money management mobile app, the authors show that after making high progress on a joint goal (vs. low or no progress), partners with higher relationship power are more likely to disengage from the joint goal to pursue personal concerns (e.g., indulge themselves, pursue individual goals), whereas partners with lower relationship power do not disengage from the joint goal and continue engaging in goal-consistent actions that maintain its pursuit. The authors elucidate the underlying mechanism, providing evidence that the joint goal progress boosts the relational self-concept of high- (but not low-) relationship-power partners, and this drives the effects. Importantly, they demonstrate the effectiveness of two theory-grounded and easily implementable interventions that promote goal-consistent behaviors among high-relationship-power consumers in the context of joint savings goals.
Whose trade follows the flag? Institutional constraints and economic responses to bilateral relations
Authors: Chen Qin , Zhou Yi
Published: July 2021

This study revisits the association between bilateral relations and trade based on rare-event data from Integrated Data for Event Analysis (IDEA). Our results suggest that a country imports more from another if the two countries are friendlier. We further argue that states face two constraints when attempting to manipulate trade. First, they are constrained by domestic institutions such as elections and congress. Second, they are constrained by international institutions such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). Our results show that the imports of authoritarian countries follow the flag of politics, but democratic countries’ imports are less likely to be affected by bilateral relations. Moreover, WTO membership can gradually restrict democratic states from intervening on imports but has little impact on authoritarian governments.
You’re Hired!
Authors: Arter Patricia S. , Brown Tammy B. H. , Barna Jennifer , Law Monica , Fidiam Regina , Fruehan Allison , Daquila Jessica
Published: July 2021

While job interviewing training is part of the transition planning and school-to-work curriculum, using virtual reality (VR) can be a valuable addition to the current curriculum, specifically given the unique characteristics of individuals with ASD. This article will provide step-by step procedures to integrate VR into the current classroom transition training program.
Pattern Recognition of Travel Mobility in a City Destination: Application of Network Motif Analytics
Authors: Park Sangwon , Zhong Ren Ridge
Published: July 2021

Urban tourism is considered a complex system. Tourists who visit cities have diverse purposes, leading to multifaceted travel behaviors. Understanding travel movement patterns is crucial in developing sustainable planning for urban tourism. Built on network science, this article discusses 12 key topologies of travel patterns/flow occurring in a city network by applying network motif analytics. The 12 significant types of travel mobility can account for approximately 50% of the total movement patterns. In addition, this study presents variations in travel movement patterns depending on not only different lengths of stay in topological structures of travel mobility, but also relative proportions of each type. As a result, this article suggests an interdisciplinary approach that adopts the network science method to better understand city travel behaviors. Important methodological and practical implications that could be useful for city destination planners are suggested.
Customer Nontransactional Value Cocreation in an Online Hotel Brand Community: Driving Motivation, Engagement Behavior, and Value Beneficiary
Authors: Shin Hakseung , Perdue Richard R.
Published: July 2021

To better understand engagement behaviors in online hospitality brand communities, the purpose of this research was to understand hotel customers’ online engagement behaviors, associated cocreated nontransactional values, and the underlying drivers. Netnography analysis and qualitative surveys along with multiorder categorization analysis were used. The netnography results indicate that hotel customer engagement behaviors cocreate five types of value. Importantly, these values accrue in different levels to not only the customer, but also to other customers and to the firm. Analyses of a subsequent qualitative survey data validated the four factors driving these engagement behaviors and, importantly, found that the motivational drivers vary by type of engagement. A conceptual framework of value cocreation via customer engagement is proposed.
Destination Marketing: Optimizing Resource Allocation Using Modern Portfolio Theory
Authors: Johar Khairil , Tan David , Maung Yun , Douglas Ian
Published: July 2021

Despite the significant contribution that tourism generates for national economic health, the tourism industry is challenged by seasonal and periodic volatility in arrivals. This volatility causes inefficiencies in the allocation of a destination’s resources. Policy makers and operators prefer a steady and constant inflow of tourists. Though prior studies have applied a portfolio optimization approach to inbound tourism flows, this study is the first to consider the destination’s marketing budget and each tourism markets’ heterogeneous marketing expenditure–demand elasticity. Our model provides destination marketing organizations with direct guidance as to how to allocate their marketing budget to facilitate portfolio profiles that are efficient from a risk-reward perspective, and that are attainable given budget constraints and known marketing expenditure–demand elasticity patterns. Using Tourism Research Australia International Visitor Survey data, we find that variability in tourism fluctuations can be reduced and inbound tourism numbers/spending significantly increased by implementing smarter (data-driven) marketing budget allocations.
‘Apostles’ in 2 Peter 3.2: Literal Predecessors in Faith or Literary Records of their Witness?
Authors: Teslina Margaryta
Published: July 2021

2 Peter typically does not receive much attention within the study of early canon development. This article, however, focuses on the term ἀπόστολοι in 2 Pet. 3.2 and examines whether it points beyond historical followers of Jesus so as to implicitly include the written legacy produced by them or by their close associates. My inquiry consists of three components: (a) a survey of Justin Martyr’s use of ἀπόστολοι in his stock phrase ‘memoirs of the apostles’ as a roughly contemporaneous analogue to 2 Peter, (b) a study of the juxtaposition ‘apostles’ and ‘prophets’ in 2 Pet. 3.2 and (c) an inquiry into 2 Peter’s literary dependence on the canonical gospels.
Incidental Finding of a Persistent Stapedial Artery in a Patient Presenting With Conductive Hearing Loss
Authors: O’Bryan Collin J. , Klemens James J.
Published: July 2021

A persistent stapedial artery is a congenital vascular malformation that can cause tinnitus and/or conductive hearing loss. Although rare, this case highlights the importance of recognizing aberrant anatomy as a potential cause of patients’ symptoms. It also demonstrates how to recognize and treat patients with a symptomatic persistent stapedial artery.
Profit Pools and Determinants of Potential County-Level Manufacturing Growth
Authors: Carpenter Craig W. , Van Sandt Anders , Dudensing Rebekka , Loveridge Scott
Published: July 2021

Business location research often focuses on evaluating specific policies or explaining outcomes for a particular region. Further, the micro-foundations of random profit maximization supporting manufacturing location analysis often lack the intuitive nature of demand thresholds. While this article maintains these micro-foundations, it introduces a unifying concept of profit pools and examines how proximate supply/cost factors determine potential local manufacturing size. The approach avoids a number of limitations associated with other locational choice models. Restricted-access establishment-level data from the Longitudinal Business Database along with secondary data sources produce a model to estimate county-level contributors to outcomes of manufacturing establishment growth and consolidation. The analysis offers improved methods and accuracy for modeling establishment location outcomes, including accuracy in measuring industry size and methods for choosing among various count data distributions. The locational factors associated with county-level potential for manufacturing vary in magnitude and significance depending on the type of manufacturing, while affirming the importance of agglomeration across manufacturing types.