bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertical integration, separation in the rail industry: a survey of empirical studies on efficiency
Authors: Abbott Malcolm , Cohen Bruce
Published: November 2023

Whether vertical separation of the rail industry creates demonstrable performance and efficiency gains is an issue of ongoing economic analysis and public policy debate. To assist in consideration of the merits and disbenefits of vertical separation this paper provides a summary of the different studies that have been undertaken to gauge the effects of vertical separation on the rail industry, and analyses and codifies the main findings of this research. The evidence indicates that whether separation will improve efficiency of a jurisdiction’s rail industry, and the extent to which this will occur, depends upon a number of specific conditions including what range of services are being provided – that is, passenger and/or bulk or general freight –the intensity of track use, and the extent to which inter-modal competition exists. The research highlights the merits of undertaking preliminary analysis of the characteristics of a jurisdiction’s rail sector before initiating structural reform of this nature.
Specialisation, diversification, size and technical efficiency in ports: an empirical analysis using frontier techniques
Authors: Tovar Beatriz , Wall Alan
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the relationship between output specialisation, diversification, size and technical efficiency in ports. Using a sample of Spanish port authorities observed over the period 1993-2012, we calculate a normalised Herfindahl-Hirschman index of overall specialisation and indices of relative specialisation in the individual cargoes. An output distance frontier is estimated using non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis techniques to calculate technical efficiency. These efficiency scores are then used to test that relationship with a bootstrapped truncated regression. We find that both overall and relative output specialisation have a positive influence on technical efficiency. Moreover, the positive effects of specialisation on technical efficiency is reinforced for larger ports, which are in a better position to take advantage of economies of scale and which can also attract different types of cargo (enjoying also economies of scope) and therefore protect themselves from adverse demand conditions. Our results underline the trade-off for smaller port authorities between efficiency gains from specialisation and their vulnerability to market conditions for their main output.
Changing towards electric vehicle use in Greater Stockholm
Authors: Langbroek Joram H. , Franklin Joel P. , Susilo Yusak O.
Published: November 2023

This paper studies electric vehicle (EV) adoption in Greater Stockholm in Sweden using the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) and the Protection Motivation Theory as a framework and considers socio-cognitive, behavioural and socio-economic attributes that may influence the process towards electric vehicle use. TTM considers behavioural change as a process consisting of five stages-of-change rather than as an event. Some key findings were made: (1) from the earlier to the later stages-of-change, the attitude towards EVs becomes more positive, the knowledge about EVs increases and the self-efficacy is consistently increasing. (2) The threat appraisal and response efficacy of EVs increase from stage to stage in the stages prior to the actual change but have a lower level for the stages after the change. (3) The explanatory power of regression models modelling both pre-contemplation and all stages-of-change increases significantly when incorporating socio-cognitive variables such as self-efficacy, threat-appraisal, response efficacy and attitudes towards EVs. (4) The modal share of the car is consistently increasing throughout the stages-of-change. The results indicate that policy measures aiming at increasing knowledge and self-efficacy of car drivers related to EV use can stimulate electric vehicle adoption. Also, the relative advantages of EVs for car drivers should get more attention rather than only emphasizing the environmental advantages.
Findings from measuring door-to-door travellers’ travel satisfaction with traditional and smartphone app survey methods in eight European cities
Authors: Susilo Yusak O. , Abenoza Roberto , Woodcock Andree , Liotopoulos Fotis , Duarte Andre , Osmond Jane , Georgiadis Apostolos , Rodica Hrin Gabriela , Bellver Patricia , Fornari Federico , Tolio Virginie , O’Connell Eileen , Markucevičiūtė Ieva , Diana Marco
Published: November 2023

This study investigates how different travel satisfaction survey methods influence the reported level of door-to-door travel satisfaction among travellers. The travel satisfaction measurement survey tools tested consisted of two types of smartphone applications (a satellite navigation app and a game app), an on-line survey, a paper-based semi-structured questionnaire and a focus group. Each of the measurement tools comprised of a similar set of questions, but in different formats, aimed at exploring the pros and cons of each tool among different group of travellers. In total, 5,275 valid responses were collected during the survey period from eight European cities and five FIA (Federation Internationale de I’Automobile) national motorist networks. The analysis results, with ordered logit model of travellers’ reported overall satisfaction, showed that the travel satisfaction reported by different survey methods and different travel modes and user groups, correlated with distinct groups of key determinants. The relationship between and within these key determinants, however, was far from straight forward. Some were more complex than others. Some issues, such as parking availability and security, that are mostly discussed by policy makers and users may not be the ones that directly correlate with the users’ overall travel satisfactions. Consistent with previous studies, the travellers’ mood and previous experience influenced the reported overall journey satisfaction.
Testing the stability of utility parameters in repeated best, repeated best-worst and one-off best-worst studies
Authors: Giergiczny Marek , Dekker Thijs , Hess Stephane , Chintakayala Phani Kumar
Published: November 2023

Stated choice (SC) surveys are a key tool for studying travel behaviour and are used to inform policy decisions in many countries. Recently, the best-worst (BW) variant of SC has rapidly increased in popularity in fields as diverse as transport, marketing and health research. A key argument for its implementation has been that it is perceived to be easier for respondents to identify the best and the worst alternative in a choice set compared to identifying the second- or even third best. For elicitation formats asking respondents to consecutively identify the first, second and third best (etc.) alternative, labelled here as repeated best stages, it is well known that utility and scale parameters are generally not stable across the stages. Joint analysis of the responses to each stage may increase the efficiency of the utility and willingness-to-pay parameters (i.e. smaller standard errors), but incorrect inferences may be made if these parameters are not stable across the stages. This paper tests the stability of utility parameters for the repeated BW and one-off BW format. Using data from three different studies, we show that, regardless of the dataset and elicitation format used, the obtained utility parameters and willingness to pay estimates are not stable across stages. The results thereby question the use of BW data in applied work aimed at forecasting and understanding first (best) choices. Our findings thereby contradict recent discussions about potentially beneficial framing effects in BW surveys. The unique presence of corresponding data from a repeated best and repeated BW exercise in one survey highlights the observed rank-orders are highly consistent across the two elicitation formats and that any differences in marginal willingness to pay estimates can be attributed to the imposed econometric model rather than to differences in the behaviour of respondents.
The effect of wind turbines alongside motorways on drivers’ behaviour
Authors: Ceunynck Tim De , Pauw Ellen De , Daniels Stijn , Polders Evelien , Brijs Tom , Hermans Elke , Wets Geert
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the results of a first study aimed at investigating whether the presence of wind turbines in close proximity to motorways leads to behavioural adaptations among passing drivers. Empirical data from loop detectors and temporary video cameras were analysed in a study employing a before-and-after design at a site near Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Analyses of driving speed and standard deviation of speed (corrected for trend effects through the use of control sites) were performed as well as analyses of the lateral position and standard deviation of the lateral position and an observation of serious traffic conflicts. The results showed that constructing wind turbines alongside a motorway led to some clearly observable effects on drivers’ behaviour. The analyses of the speed data showed that the mean speed was lowered by 2.24km/h (corrected for trend effects) after the construction of the wind turbines while the standard deviation of the speed significantly increased. After the construction of the wind turbines, drivers took a lateral position somewhat more to the left-hand side in their driving lane. There was an indication close to the 0.05 significance level (p=0.057) that the standard deviation of the lateral position slightly increased when the rotor blades were in transversal position. In the before period as well as in the after period, no serious traffic conflicts were registered. The increase in standard deviation of speed and in lateral position are two factors that intrinsically can have an unfavourable effect on road safety. However, the observed order of magnitude of the change was shown to be quite limited. Earlier research suggests that negative effects on road safety are only expected for changes substantially greater than the ones that were observed in this study. On the other hand, there was a significant reduction in driving speed, which might have a favourable effect on the expected number and severity of crashes, although it could also be a compensatory mechanism that indirectly indicates a reduced driving performance. From these findings, it can be concluded that, based on the observed variables, no substantial negative effects for road safety were found in the present study. The authors recommend continuous monitoring and further research on the topic.
Measuring highway efficiency by a DEA approach and the Malmquist index
Authors: Sarmento Joaquim , Renneboog Luc , Verga Matos Pedro
Published: November 2023

A growing concern exists regarding the efficiency of public resources spent in transport infrastructures. In this paper, we measure the efficiency of seven highway projects in Portugal over the past decade by means of a data envelopment analysis and the Malmquist productivity and efficiency indices. We distinguish between technical and technological efficiency and find that most highways face a reduction over time in both types of efficiency. This reduction is mainly due to an increase in operating and maintenance costs, follow-up investments, and a decline in traffic. Some highways only experience a reduction in technological efficiency after a decrease in traffic. They compensate with cost controls and stable investments. While controlling for scale efficiencies, we find a lack of pure technical efficiency in highways that are not subject to a competitive environment, which produces a lack of incentives for better management. Not only does evidence exist of poor management due to a lack of competition, but the increased use of outsourcing also increases inefficiencies. The introduction of tolls and the outburst of the economic crisis in Portugal have substantially reduced traffic that further contributes to inefficiency. The local context, such as highways in low-income areas and rural regions with a lower traffic density, also affects highway performance.
Implications of survey methods on travel and non-travel activities: A comparison of the Austrian national travel survey and an innovative mobility-activity-expenditure diary (MAED)
Authors: Aschauer Florian , Hössinger Reinhard , Axhausen Kay W. , Schmid Basil , Gerike Regine
Published: November 2023

This paper contributes to the research on non-reporting effects in mixed-method household travel surveys (HTS) in two ways: Firstly, we compare travel activities reported in the established Austrian National HTS (ANTS) with an innovative survey approach, the so-called “MobilityActivity-Expenditure Diary” (MAED), and secondly we extend the analysis to (i) additional travel estimates and to (ii) non-travel activities. The analysis addresses three main goals: (i) identification of non-reporting effects in the HTS for travel estimates, (ii) analysis of speed-ofresponse effects on travel estimates, (iii) assessment of the completeness and accuracy of nontravel activities inferred from the trip purposes in the HTS. Underreporting in HTS occurs both on person level and on the trip level, and mainly for peak-hour trips with either short distances or short durations of the subsequent non-travel activity. No significant underreporting was found on the tour level. Speed-of-response effects are small in both surveys but significant for the ANTS. The duration of non-travel activities per activity type corresponds well in the MAEDsurvey and in the ANTS but the information in the MAED-survey is much richer. The results can be used threefold: (i) to develop correction factors that account for systematic biases in HTS, (ii) to identify omitted items (trip frequency, duration, distance etc.) if HTS data are used without correction factors, and (iii) to demonstrate the importance of high quality field work and validation.
Editorial Board
Authors: _ _
Published: November 2023

Editorial Board
Economic order quantity for growing items in the presence of mortality
Authors: Pourmohammadzia Nadia
Published: November 2023

Growth depicts the behavior of a class of inventories whose weight and size increase during their storage. Although the phenomenon is fundamental in the food industry, it still faces a lack of academic heed. Our research sheds new light on this area by illustrating the inventory system of a rearing farm that breeds fast-growing newborn animals (like broiler chickens) and finally slaughters them. The items are prone to different diseases during their growth which can lead to their death. This is modeled by applying a mortality rate that can be controlled by investing in preventive practices. The slaughtered items (such as chicken meat) that fall into the category of deteriorating inventory are quality controlled and exploited to satisfy demand. An analytic solution approach is developed to derive the optimal order quantity of newborn animals, their growth period, and action level for preventive practices. Experimental results show that choosing a hatchery with the best purchasing cost should be the first priority of the system to manage its costs. It is also depicted that the breeding period is not influenced by all input parameters of the model, and the nature of the items plays a key role in this regard.
Selection of 3PL providers for overseas market expansion: insights from a Vietnamese company
Authors: Nguyen Thi Minh Hoa , Ménoury Matéo
Published: November 2023

Logistics outsourcing has become a strategy for companies so that they can focus on their core competency and increase their competitive advantages. Although there has been a wide range of studies on the selection of Third-Party Logistics (3PL) providers during the operation and supply chain management of the companies, research focusing on the phase of market expansion is lacking. The aim of this study is to analyze the selection of 3PL providers with an emphasis on overseas market expansion. A Vietnamese company in the chemical industry aiming to select the most suitable 3PL provider for overseas market expansion to Brazil is considered. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to five main criteria that are cost, service, global network, industry experience, and local presence. A list of five 3PL providers is evaluated and ranked. Group decision-making with a sharing approach is used, such that three decision-makers (DMs) achieve a consensus on the assessment. The results indicate that industry experience and responsiveness to urgent occurrences are the two most important criteria when the company chooses a 3PL provider for overseas market expansion, while the lowest priority belongs to communication.
En la orilla de Rafael Chirbes: de la corrupción al despilfarro
Authors: Lesouef Marina
Published: November 2023

En la orilla (2013), del escritor y periodista valenciano Rafael Chirbes, ha sido unánimemente aclamada por la crítica como la novela de la crisis económica española (2008-2014) y el testamento de toda una generación. En el pueblo ficticio de Olba, en la costa Levantina, la corrupción sistémica es a la vez económica, moral y material. Este artículo se propone analizar el microcosmos de Olba a través de la metáfora del despilfarro. En primer lugar, un bucle de causas y efectos lleva los personajes masculinos a aceptar su derrota, plasmada tanto por la estructura cíclica del relato, como la quiebra de la carpintería y la incineración de parte del legado de Esteban en el vertedero. A la aniquilación del patrimonio material y moral de Esteban se superpone la destrucción de los territorios naturales de la Marina Alta, que priva a los pueblos de sus paisajes, de sus recuerdos y, por extensión, de parte de su identidad. Por último, los cuerpos de los protagonistas, convertidos en desechos por su inutilidad, son el espejo del miedo secular de la sociedad al desorden y el símbolo de una forma de biopoder que ejercería un control racional sobre los cuerpos.
La nuit: fabrique et mise en scène des fantasmes dans “Le Cocu magnifique” de Fernand Crommelynck
Authors: Bombard Françoise
Published: November 2023

Dans "Le Cocu magnifique" de Crommelynck, la nuit n’est pas seulement une donnée extérieure comme pour nombre de pièces dont les actions les plus importantes ont pour cadre un décor nocturne. Paradoxalement, cette œuvre qui se déroule pour l’essentiel dans des décors diurnes accorde à la nuit une importance inattendue. Il faut donc s’interroger sur les enjeux dramatiques et esthétiques de cette omniprésence. La fête carnavalesque nocturne de la Saint Géraud et l’étrange sérénade donnée par Bruno déguisé à son épouse Stella suscitent à la fois le rire et l’inquiétude. Mais surtout la nuit investit le discours des personnages et inspire leurs actes. En outre, sommeil, rêves, désir, fantasmes, tout se rapporte à la nuit. De surcroît, sommeil et rêves sont l’objet d’interprétations divergentes par les personnages. La question du manque et du désir, nourrissant leurs fantasmes, est au cœur des relations entre les personnages. Quant à Bruno, il nourrit sa jalousie par son exaltation du corps de Stella, par la poésie et par l’imaginaire dans lequel il se complaît au point de sombrer dans la folie : la nuit assombrit le rapport amoureux au point de faire passer les deux protagonistes du paradis à l’enfer dans un cauchemar bouffon.
Effect of Cadmium on Germination and Seedling Growth of Cicer arietinum, Cv.G130
Authors: Rana Deepali , Saini Neha , Chamoli Rashmi , Kumar Sandeep , Majumder Smritilekha
Published: November 2023

Heavy metals contamination in agriculture, especially near industrial areas, is very common, and they are toxic and harmful to for thegrowth of plants. Biologically, cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential element for plants and it reduces the germination and seedling growthof Cicer arietinum. In the present study effects of different cadmium chloride concentrations (1, 10 and 50 mg-1) were investigated onseedling growth of C. arietinum, L cv. G130. The seedling growth studies were carried out in dark and light conditions. Germinationpercentage was recorded after 24 hours for both dark and light conditions. During the observation, it was found that the higherconcentration of cadmium, particularly 50 mg-1, significantly reduced plant growth. The length of epicotyl and radicle shows gradualinhibition as the cadmium concentration is increased from 10 to 50 mg-1 Cd. Similarly, fresh weight and dry weight also decreased withthe increased cadmium concentrations. It was noted that the higher concentration of Cd inhibited plant growth and the lower metalconcentration showed of plant growth promotion. However, studies reveal that the growth is promoted in 1 mg-1 Cd concentration (1ppm). Results confirmed cadmium’s toxic effect on chickpea seedling growth at higher concentrations
Casa, colecionismo e decoração
Authors: Silveira Maria Teresa
Published: November 2023

Que lugar ocuparia um museu-casa de colecionador na história da arte? Casas musealizadas são ambientes de memória que compreendem uma tessitura de peças de mobiliário, objetos de artes decorativas e obras de arte que abrigam os vestígios de modos de morar e testemunham a permanência de um gosto: são as escolhas e os arranjos dispostos pelo colecionador para a experiência do olhar. Traduzidas em mise-en-scène, fabricam narrativas visuais por meio da expografia da coleção, provocando associações com seu entorno e com as práticas e estilos de decoração. Analisaremos aqui a trajetória de duas residências musealizadas que abrigam coleções, onde observamos a presença do estilo de decoração denominado Barroco brasileiro, bem como o contexto histórico onde esse desenho de relações visuais estabelece conexões com as ambiências construídas por seus proprietários: são elas a Casa Museu Eva Klabin e o Museu do Açude. No decorrer do artigo observaremos como o processo de musealização de casas de colecionadores e as reformulações projetadas do ponto de vista da expografia podem concorrer para engendrar ou invisibilizar olhares e leituras para uma coleção.
Ruídos da Casa de Vidro
Authors: Leite Caroline Alciones de Oliveira
Published: November 2023

A Casa de Vidro inaugurou, em 2013, sua primeira exposição, The Insides Are on the Outside / O interior está no exterior, com a curadoria de Hans Ulrich Obrist e com obras de 35 artistas e arquitetos. Cildo Meireles (1948-) participou da mostra com Pietro Bo (2013), um disco de vinil que, em uma vitrola posicionada perto da lareira da sala de estar, tocava a repetição de uma frase na voz de Pietro Maria Bardi direcionada à Lina Bo, intercalada com períodos de silêncio. Entre um silêncio e outro, um artefato pulverizava no ambiente o aroma de café. Neste artigo, partimos da escuta de um sujeito fenomenológico para analisar o registro sonoro da obra de Cildo Meireles, lançando no texto a repetição criada pelo artista em Pietro Bo. Recorremos às noções de voz (Derrida, 2012; 2014), de gravação sonora (Caesar, 2012) e de silêncio (Cage, 2013a; 2013b) para investigar os atravessamentos no tempo que permitem a Pietro Bo contar uma estória desde a Casa de Vidro.
El arte prehispánico como inspiración para descolonizar los museos de arte decorativo
Authors: Freitas Joseania Miranda
Published: November 2023

Con base en las experiencias docentes, en clases de arte decorativo, en la Universidad Federal de Bahía, este texto busca comprender cómo el dominio ontológico y epistemológico de los pueblos prehispánicos ofrecen caminos inspiradores para la descolonización de los museos de arte decorativo, que en sus exposiciones de larga duración siguen anclados en la cronología y gramáticas estilísticas coloniales del barroco, rococó y neoclásico. Por la vía analítica de la “cronosofía en espirales”, propuesta por Leda Maria Martins, son observados elementos técnicos y decorativos de piezas del Museo del Oro Zenú, de Cartagena-Colombia.
Model Petri Net Produksi Tahu Pada Industri Skala Rumah Tangga
Authors: Murdianto Deny , Kismanti Shinta Tri , Santoso Dwi
Published: November 2023

The process of making tofu includes several steps, namely the process of soaking soybeans, washing soybeans, milling soybeans, boiling or cooking, filtering, settling and adding vinegar. The purpose of this study it was to obtain a Petri Net model of the tofu making process and perform simulations with signed Petri Nets. Simulations are carried out to determine the dynamics that occur during the process of making tofu. The data used is by observation in a household-scale tofu and tempeh processing industry in Tarakan City. The Petri Net model obtained consists of six transitions and ten places. Assuming that every enable transition will always be fired in every state, there are sixteen possible states that can be achieved in the Petri Net simulation.
Fibonacci Identities via Calculus
Authors: Adegoke Kunle
Published: November 2023

We present a differential-calculus-based method which allows one to derive more identities from {\it any} given Fibonacci-Lucas identity containing a finite number of terms and having at least one free index. The strength of our method is that no additional information is required about the given original identity. The method readily extends to a generalized Fibonacci sequence.
Comparing Clomiphene-Primed Ovarian Stimulation and Mid-Luteal GnRH Agonist Protocols: A Cumulative Live Birth Rate and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in a Single-Center Retrospective Study with Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Li Yanhui , Luo Dan , Li Tao , Ding Hui , Liu Yi
Published: November 2023

The decline in assisted reproductive technology (ART) success among older women, attributed to decreased oocyte quantity and quality, poses a significant challenge. Currently, no consensus ex-ists on the optimal ovarian stimulation protocol for older women undergoing IVF. This retrospec-tive registered cohort study aimed to compare cumulative live birth rates (CLBR), time to live birth (TTLB), and cost-effectiveness in women over 35 years using gonadotropin-releasing hor-mone agonist (GnRHa) or clomiphene-primed ovarian stimulation (CPOS). We performed pro-pensity score matching (PSM) on 2,871 IVF cycles in women over 35 who received either GnRHa or CPOS protocols, resulting in 375 cycles in each group to compare treatment outcomes. Addition-ally, a decision tree model was utilized to assess the cost-effectiveness of the two protocols. Fol-lowing PSM, both groups showed similar baseline characteristics. The CPOS protocol exhibited a higher cycle cancellation rate (13.07% vs 8.00%, p=0.032), yet maintained comparable fertilization and embryo quality. While CLBRs per initial cycle (41.07% vs. 45.33%, p=0.269) and delivery out-comes were similar between the groups after a 24-month follow-up, TTLB was longer in the CPOS group. Notably, the average cost per live birth in the CPOS group was 21.27% less than that in the GnRHa group (￥32,301.42 vs ￥39,174.22). In conclusion, for women over 35 undergoing IVF, the CPOS protocol demonstrated similar CLBR to GnRHa but with lower costs, suggesting its potential as a viable and cost-efficient ovarian stimulation option.
Adherence to Anti-VEGF Treatment in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Real-World Study
Authors: Shellvarajah Mekala , Barthelmes Daniel , Nguyen Vuong , Steinmann Sarah , Gillies Mark C. , Sagkriotis Alexandros
Published: November 2023

Background The evolution of treatment patterns in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) warrants investigation into the impact of patients’ adherence to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment on visual outcomes. This retrospective, non-randomized, non-comparative study aimed to investigate real-world adherence to anti-VEGF treatment.

Methods Patients (eyes) (≥ 50 years) with a diagnosis of nAMD who had a first injection of aflibercept or ranibizumab between January 2016 and December 2018 and 12 months of follow-up were included. Visual acuity (VA; logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution letters) and duration of injection intervals were recorded. Adherence was defined as < 20% of visits deviating from the schedule by ≥ 14 days.

Results Overall, 133 patient eyes were included: 129 adherent, 4 non-adherent. Mean (± standard deviation) baseline VA was 57.0 (± 23.6) and 53.8 (± 35.3) letters in adherent and non-adherent patient eyes, respectively. Mean change in VA by month 12 was higher in adherent (6.3 letters) than non-adherent patient eyes (−11 letters). In non-adherent patient eyes, no improvement in VA was recorded following completion of the loading period (month 3). Compared with the previous visit, adherent visits were associated with a mean increase in VA of 0.67 letters and non-adherent visits with a decrease of 2.30 letters.

Conclusions These results emphasize the importance of adherence to appropriate dosing regimens to optimize visual outcomes in patients with nAMD.
Target Screen of Anti-hyperuricemia Compounds From Cortex Fraxini In Vivo Based on ABCG2 and Bioaffinity Ultrafiltration Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Huang XiuXiu , Dong Wenqing , Luo Xiao , Xu Lu , Wang Yinan
Published: November 2023

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCG2 is a significant urate transporter with a high capacity, and it plays a crucial role in the development of hyperuricemia and gout. Therefore, it has the potential to be targeted for therapeutic interventions. Cortex Fraxini, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been found to possess anti-hyperuricemia properties. However, the specific constituents of Cortex Fraxini responsible for this effect are still unknown, particularly the compound that is responsible for reducing uric acid levels in vivo. In this study, we propose a target screening protocol utilizing bio-affinity ultrafiltration mass spectrometry (BA-UF-MS) to expediently ascertain ABCG2 ligands from the plasma of rats administered with Cortex Fraxini. Our screening protocol successfully identified fraxin as a potential ligand that interacts with ABCG2 when it functions as the targeted protein. Subsequent investigations substantiated fraxin as an activator of ABCG2. These findings imply that fraxin exhibits promise as a drug candidate for the treatment of hyperuricemia. Furthermore, the utilization of BA-UF-MS demonstrates its efficacy as a valuable methodology for identifying hit compounds that exhibit binding affinity towards ABCG2 within TCMs.
Association Between the New York SAFE Act and Firearm Suicide and Homicide: An Analysis of Synthetic Controls, New York State, 1999‒2019
Authors: Karaye Ibraheem M. , Knight Gaia , Kyriacou Corinne
Published: November 2023

Objectives. To assess the association between the New York Secure Ammunition and Firearms Enforcement Act (NY SAFE Act) and firearm suicide and homicide rates.

Methods. We employed a synthetic controls approach to investigate the impact of the NY SAFE Act on firearm suicide and firearm homicide rates. We collected state-level data on firearm mortality from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database for the period 1999–2019. We derived statistical inference by using a permutation-based in-place placebo test.

Results. The implementation of the NY SAFE Act was associated with a significant reduction in firearm homicide rates, demonstrating a decrease of 63%. This decrease corresponds to an estimated prevention of 1697 deaths between 2013 and 2019. However, there was no association between the NY SAFE Act and firearm suicide rates.

Conclusions. As the responsibility for enacting firearm policies increasingly falls on states instead of the federal government, this study provides valuable information that can assist states in making evidence-based decisions regarding the development and implementation of firearm policies that prioritize public safety and aim to prevent firearm-related fatalities. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(12):1309–1317. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307400 )
Incarceration Status Among Individuals Obtaining Abortion in the United States, 2020
Authors: Kirstein Marielle , Fuentes Liza , Sufrin Carolyn
Published: November 2023

Objectives. To examine the abortion frequency among incarcerated people before Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization was decided.

Methods. We used data from the 2020 Abortion Provider Census to examine the number and distribution of facilities that provided abortions to incarcerated patients.

Results. Sixty-seven clinics across 25 states and the District of Columbia provided more than 300 abortions to incarcerated patients in 2020. Eleven of these clinics are in states that now have total or near-total abortion bans.

Public Health Implications. People in jails and prisons face many structural barriers when seeking an abortion, especially with increased state abortion restrictions and an inability to travel out of state. If they cannot obtain desired care, people may be forced to continue pregnancies in harsh conditions. To address abortion access inequities, policy and research must consider incarcerated individuals. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(12):1352–1355. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307411 )
Health Disparities Among Sexual and Gender Minorities With Adverse Childhood Experiences: Insights From the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Data
Authors: Solberg Marvin A. , Blair Lisa M. , Schlegel Emma C. , Kurzer Julie A. M. J.
Published: November 2023

Objectives. To identify the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among sexual or gender minorities (SGMs) and examine the impact of ACEs on their health.

Methods. We analyzed 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data. Respondents from Arkansas, Iowa, Mississippi, Nevada, and Wisconsin completed modules on 10 individual ACEs, sexual orientation and gender identity, and health.

Results. Among the 38 483 eligible respondents, 2329 (6.1%) identified as an SGM. SGMs reported higher ACE prevalence than did their non-SGM counterparts. ACEs partially attenuated relationships between SGMs and a higher risk for depression, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, electronic nicotine delivery system use, and cannabis use.

Conclusions. Evaluating and better understanding the ACE and health outcome relationship among SGMs should be prioritized. Targeted interventions are needed to mitigate the impact of ACE-associated sequelae in this population. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(12):1343–1351. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307420 )
Buku Ajar Mekanika Komposit dan Bio-Komposit
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Widodo Edi , Iswanto Iswanto
Published: November 2023

Alhamdulillah, segala puji kehadirat Allah SWT, dengan ini kami menulis usulan buku ajar Mekanika Komposit dan bio komposit. Buku ini memberikan pembahasan terkait mekanika bahan/material, lebih spesifik material komposit, meliputi pengantar/pendahuluan pengenalan material komposit, materi penyusun komposit, penguat dan matriksnya, proses penyusunan dan pembuatan komposit, sifat-sifat mekanik komposit, pengujian material dan aplikasi komposit pada dunia teknik. Materi ini ditulis untuk mendampingi mata kuliah mekanika kekuatan bahan yang akan diberikan kepada mahasiswa semester 2 dan semester 3. Mata kuliah ini ada keterkaitan dengan mata kuliah sebelumnya yaitu mekanika teknik. Secara garis besar buku ajar ini membahas mekanika bahan khususnya bahan dari material komposit mulai dari pengenalan materi penyusunnya hingga proses dan aplikasinya. Buku yang membahas komposit telah banyak dibuat, namun kekhususan dari buku ini memberikan penambahan pembahasan bio komposit (komposit dari bahan makhluk hidup/komposit natural).
Economic performance of marine fishing operations in the state of Odisha, India
Authors: Raju S. S. , Narayankumar R. , Ghosh Shubhadeep , Pattnaik Phalguni , Roul Subal Kumar
Published: November 2023

The marine fish landings in Odisha State, India during 2020 was estimated at 1.75 lakh t, contributing 6.4% of the total marine fish landings in the country. The techno-economic evaluation of different fishing methods in Odisha was carried out for assessing the economic efficiency. Crew wages contributed the major share (62.59 to 87.55%) in motorised crafts and (81.53 to 95.37%) in non-motorised crafts. In motorised crafts, the contribution of fuel to operational costs ranged from 7.2 to 21.8%. Net profit margin and Return on Investment was 35 to 46% and 1 to 4.38 for motorised fishing operations and 42.07 to 74.01% and 2.45 to 12.15 for non-motorised fishing operations, indicating non-motorised fishing operations to be the most economically efficient method. Capital productivity and Input-output ratio was 0.53 to 0.62 and 0.07 to 0.23 for motorised fishing operations and 0.34 to 0.57 and close to nil for non-motorised fishing operations. The gross value added (GVA) of all fishing operations worked out to about 75 % of the gross revenue, which is a significant contribution to the economy. The major ﬁshery resources landed in various fishing operations were clupeids, penaeid shrimps, croakers, pomfrets and carangids. In fishing operations, the increased cost of fishing per trip, the reduced catch and subsequent decline in the gross returns per trip have been cited as important constraints affecting the economic returns from different fishing methods, by the fishers.
Keywords: Capital productivity, Costs, Gross value added, Input-output ratio, Labour productivity, Returns
Habitat suitability of Indo-Pacific sailfish Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw, 1792) in the Arabian Sea
Authors: Surya S. , Prathibha R. , Abdussamad E. M. , Asha T. L. , Santhosh B. , Nayak B. B. , Karankumar R. , Mini K. G. , Kingsly J. H. , Anil M. K.
Published: November 2023

Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw, 1792) is the most common billfish species in the Arabian Sea and contributes more than 50% of the total billfish landings in India. The abundance of I. platypterus was more off Maharashtra and Gujarat in the northern Arabian Sea and in Lakshadweep islands with higher catches during March, April and December. The aim of the study was to predict the suitable habitat of occurrence and potential fishing ground of I. platypterus by correlating the spatial catch rates with environmental parameters along the Arabian Sea. Generalised Additive Modelling (GAM) showed significant relationship between the catch and the predictor variables [sea surface salinity (SSS), sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height anomaly (SSHa), current speed (CS) and chlorophyll (Chl)]. SSS from 32 to 36 ppt had a positive effect on the expected abundance. Similarly, SST showed a positive effect from 25 to 28°C and thereafter had a negative effect on catch rate. The highest catch values associated with the SSHa was >0.4 m and partial effect of SSHa on catch was negative below 0.4 m. Current speed higher than 0.4 m s-1 showed negative effects on catch rate and lower Chl-a values which ranged between 0.04-2.14 mg m-3 in the study area showed a positive effect. All explanatory variables (SST, SSHa, CS, Chl) except SSS were found to be highly significant covariates (p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.001 and p<0.05 respectively) and 38.2% of variance was explained by the model with these variables. The paper discusses the fishery and trend of billfishlandings along the Indian coast in relation to various remotely sensed data and defines the optimum habitat suitability for I. platypterus.
Keywords: Additive models, GAMs, Large pelagics, Northern Indian Ocean
ACE-inhibitory peptide from rohu fish waste: Optimisation of ultrasound and microwave assisted enzymatic extraction using response surface methodology
Authors: Kumar Vikas , R.  Jeyashakila  , Muzaddadi A. U. , Jeyasekaran G. , Sukumar D. , Padmavathy P.
Published: November 2023

Anti-hypertensive [angiotensin-I converting cnzyme (ACE) inhibitory (ACEi) peptides are enzymatically extracted from biological material. The high cost of enzymes, low peptide yield and long hydrolysis time in enzymatic extraction paved the way for alternative ultrasound assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) and microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction (MAEE). In this study, rohu (Labeo rohita) fish wastes were homogenised and treated with ultrasound (40 kHz) and microwave (2450 MHz) before enzymatic hydrolysis using optimised concentration of alcalase® for the extraction of ACEi. The UAEE (sonication temperature: 30-70; optimum: 57.88ºC and time: 10-50; optimum: 63.4 min) and MAEE (microwave power: 180-900, optimum: 335.23 W and time 5-25, optimum: 15 min) were studied for their effect on degree of hydrolysis (DH), ACE inhibition (ACEi) and peptide yield (PY). The efficiency obtained by UAEE (5%) was higher than MAEE (4%) in terms of ACEi. In contrast, MAEE showed higher efficiency with respect to DH and PY (7 and 6.5 %, respectively) than UAEE (2.5 and 4%, respectively). The study indicated that UAEE and MAEE are efficient methods for extraction of ACE-inhibitory peptides from rohu fish waste. However, UAEE peptides shows better ACEi than MAEE.
Keywords: ACE-inhibitory peptide, Alcalase, Degree of hydrolysis, Enzymatic extraction, Peptide yield, Rohu processingwaste
Preliminary investigations on antimicrobial, antioxidant and nutritional properties of freshwater snail Brotia costula (Rafinesque, 1833)
Authors: Rout Banalata , Mehta Naresh Kumar , Tripathi Hemant Hari , Sharma Sanjeev , Majumdar R. K. , Priyadarshini M. Bhargavi
Published: November 2023

The present study aimed to evaluate the bioactive properties of freshwater snail Brotia costula (Rafinesque, 1833) meat along with its nutritional and functional properties. The soft tissue of B. costula had excellent nutritional properties as reflected in the high protein (13.83%), carbohydrate (10.70%) and polyunsaturated fattyacid (PUFA) content (37.7% of total fatty acid) of the meat. Among protein fractions, the major fraction was myofibrillar (51.40%) followed by sarcoplasmic (23.86%), stroma (17.89%) and alkali-soluble protein fractions (11.67%), whilst high non-protein nitrogen (27.23%) was also observed. To assess the bioactive properties, snail meat was extracted in three different solvents viz. 100% ethanol (l00EE), 50% ethanol (50EE) and 100% water (10WE). Among the three solvent extracts, 100% ethanol extract (100EE) showed excellent antioxidative properties as confirmed by four different antioxidant assays. The FTIR spectral analysis revealed strong absorbance for functional groups (phenol and carbonyl) in 100 EE tissue extract. The 100 EE showed maximum inhibition against spoilage bacteria (Pseudomonas putida, 21.3 mm) than pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, 11.6 mm). Overall, it can be concluded that B. costula may be used as a good nutritional source and a potent natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food and feed preparations.
Keyword: Antioxidant activity, Antibacterial activity, Cholesterol, Freshwater snail, FTIR
Scyphozoan jellyfish diversity and distribution along the north-eastern Arabian Sea, off Gujarat coast, India
Authors: Kumawat Tarachand , Saravanan R. , Vinod K. , Joshi K. K. , Jaiswar A. K. , Deshmukhe G. , Shenoy L.
Published: November 2023

Swarming of Scyphomedusae in large numbers in the Indian Ocean and specifically in the north-eastern Arabian Sea has been found to impact fishing operations; however, information on the diversity and distribution of these enigmatic jellyfishes are scanty. Hence, a study was carried out along the Gujarat coast, India during 2017-2020. Field surveys were conducted to identify the areas where jellyfish landings or swarming were regularly reported and locations viz. Jakhau, Okha, Porbandar, Veraval and Navabandar emerged as jellyfish focal stations. Fisher-assisted onboard surveys were conducted from the jellyfish focal stations. The results revealed the occurrence of six Scyphozoan jellyfish species viz., Catostylus cf perezi, Rhopilema hispidum, Cassiopea cf. andromeda, Cyanea cf. nozakii, Chrysaora cf. chinensis, and Chrysaora cf. caliparea identified based on the morphological characteristics. This study also mapped the diversity of these jellyfishes to understand the species-specific occurrences along the Gujarat coast, India which would form a baseline for further monitoring of potential changes in the swarming of jellyfishes.
Keywords: Gujarat coast, Jellyfish, North-eastern Arabian Sea, Scyphomedusae
Composite carp culture in Andhra Pradesh and Odisha: A comparative study
Authors: De Himansu Kumar , Shasani Simantini , Das Manoj Kumar , Das Sarita , Gudipudi Sreenivasulu , Mahapatra Abhijit Sinha , Saha Gour Sundar
Published: November 2023

The study compares the economics of composite carp culture practices of two randomly chosen districts in eastern India viz. West Godavari in the state of Andhra Pradesh and Jagatsinghpur in disha State. Andhra Pradesh and Odisha are endowed with vast resources for carp farming. However, in the present study the districts were found to vary widely in terms of technology and level of input use. Data were collected by personally interviewing the respondents (102 from West Godavari and 90 from Jagatsinghpur) chosen through multistage random sampling and by using a structured schedule. Level of adoption of composite carp culture technology in West Godavari District was worked out as 70.21±17.94 which is higher than Jagatsinghpur District (59.46±23.16). The average fish yield recorded for the two districts were 8.3 and 2.7 t ha-1 yr-1 respectively. Higher yield in the former may be ascribed to input intensive culture, entrepreneurial interest and adoption of recommended practices of carp culture. Taking into consideration, total cost incurred and return of carp culture, the Benefit- Cost ratio was worked out as 1.66 and 1.52 for West Godavari and Jagatsinghpur respectively. The study indicates that composite carp culture has the potential to be a profitable venture by adopting the recommended package of practices.
Keywords: Adoption, Benefit:Cost ratio, Composite carp culture, Economics
Effect of environmental variables on the growth of Asian green mussel Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758), in two different aquaculture systems in Goa, west coast of India
Authors: N. Manju Lekshmi  , Sreekanth G. B. , Singh N. P. , R. Ratheesh Kumar  , Pandey P. K.
Published: November 2023

Asian Green mussel, Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758), is a bivalve mollusc with high market demand along India’s western coast, specifically in Goa. An experiment was conducted to compare the environmental variables, specific growth rate (SGR) and length-weight progression of the species raised in two different coastal aquaculture systems; a semi-enclosed water body (SEW) and an open-water system (OWS). The variables chlorophyll-a and plankton density were high in SEW and these variables were positively correlated with the growth rate of the species. The ‘b’ value of the length-weight relationship and SGR were found high and allometric in nature in SEW. The prediction of SGR using the generalised linear model has indicated that plankton density and nitrate are the variables that influence the growth of P. viridis. Thus, being a predominant filter-feeder on plankton, the high plankton density channeled through the rich nutrients and chlorophyll content might have triggered the growth of mussels in SEW. India is blessed with many semi-enclosed coastal water bodies lying unutilised, and the results indicate that there is scope for mussel culture in these systems, which will provide a source of secondary livelihood for the coastal fishers.
Keywords: Bivalves, Coastal aquaculture, GLM, Molluscan culture, Zuari