bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linear algebra software for large-scale accelerated multicore computing
Authors: Abdelfattah A. , Anzt H. , Dongarra J. , Gates M. , Haidar A. , Kurzak J. , Luszczek P. , Tomov S. , Yamazaki I. , YarKhan A.
Published: May 2016

Many crucial scientific computing applications, ranging from national security to medical advances, rely on high-performance linear algebra algorithms and technologies, underscoring their importance and broad impact. Here we present the state-of-the-art design and implementation practices for the acceleration of the predominant linear algebra algorithms on large-scale accelerated multicore systems. Examples are given with fundamental dense linear algebra algorithms – from the LU, QR, Cholesky, and LDLT factorizations needed for solving linear systems of equations, to eigenvalue and singular value decomposition (SVD) problems. The implementations presented are readily available via the open-source PLASMA and MAGMA libraries, which represent the next generation modernization of the popular LAPACK library for accelerated multicore systems.

To generate the extreme level of parallelism needed for the efficient use of these systems, algorithms of interest are redesigned and then split into well-chosen computational tasks. The task execution is scheduled over the computational components of a hybrid system of multicore CPUs with GPU accelerators and/or Xeon Phi coprocessors, using either static scheduling or light-weight runtime systems. The use of light-weight runtime systems keeps scheduling overheads low, similar to static scheduling, while enabling the expression of parallelism through sequential-like code. This simplifies the development effort and allows exploration of the unique strengths of the various hardware components. Finally, we emphasize the development of innovative linear algebra algorithms using three technologies – mixed precision arithmetic, batched operations, and asynchronous iterations – that are currently of high interest for accelerated multicore systems.
The needs of siblings of children with a life-threatening illness, part 2: Psychometric validation of the IBesFEMS
Authors: Olivier d'avignon Marianne , Dumont Serge , Valois Pierre , Cohen S. Robin
Published: May 2016

Objective:

Life-threatening illnesses in children have a significant impact on the lives of their brothers and sisters. Consequently, special attention must be paid to the specific needs of these siblings to help them cope with their situations. To address this issue, we developed an inventory of the needs of the adolescent siblings of severely ill children, the Inventaire des Besoins de la Fratrie d'Enfants Malades Sévèrement (IBesFEMS) [Needs Inventory for Siblings of Critically Ill Children]. The present article describes a preliminary validation study of this new instrument.

Method:

In a prospective cohort study, the 48-item instrument was administered via a website or paper to 58 siblings.

Results:

Our study revealed that the measure has an estimated internal consistency of 0.96 and a temporal stability intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.86 (p< 0.01). Its convergence validity is also satisfactory.

Significance of results:

Our findings suggest that the IBesFEMS is highly relevant for pediatric palliative care clinicians and researchers. Future studies should investigate its factorial structure and predictive validities.
Predictive modelling of ferroelectric tunnel junctions
Authors: Velev Julian P , Burton John D , Zhuravlev Mikhail Ye , Tsymbal Evgeny Y
Published: May 2016

Ferroelectric tunnel junctions combine the phenomena of quantum-mechanical tunnelling and switchable spontaneous polarisation of a nanometre-thick ferroelectric film into novel device functionality. Switching the ferroelectric barrier polarisation direction produces a sizable change in resistance of the junction—a phenomenon known as the tunnelling electroresistance effect. From a fundamental perspective, ferroelectric tunnel junctions and their version with ferromagnetic electrodes, i.e., multiferroic tunnel junctions, are testbeds for studying the underlying mechanisms of tunnelling electroresistance as well as the interplay between electric and magnetic degrees of freedom and their effect on transport. From a practical perspective, ferroelectric tunnel junctions hold promise for disruptive device applications. In a very short time, they have traversed the path from basic model predictions to prototypes for novel non-volatile ferroelectric random access memories with non-destructive readout. This remarkable progress is to a large extent driven by a productive cycle of predictive modelling and innovative experimental effort. In this review article, we outline the development of the ferroelectric tunnel junction concept and the role of theoretical modelling in guiding experimental work. We discuss a wide range of physical phenomena that control the functional properties of ferroelectric tunnel junctions and summarise the state-of-the-art achievements in the field.
Ocean acidification reverses the positive effects of seawater pH fluctuations on growth and photosynthesis of the habitat-forming kelp, Ecklonia radiata
Authors: Britton Damon , Cornwall Christopher E. , Revill Andrew T. , Hurd Catriona L. , Johnson Craig R.
Published: May 2016

Ocean acidification (OA) is the reduction in seawater pH due to the absorption of human-released CO2 by the world’s oceans. The average surface oceanic pH is predicted to decline by 0.4 units by 2100. However, kelp metabolically modifies seawater pH via photosynthesis and respiration in some temperate coastal systems, resulting in daily pH fluctuations of up to ±0.45 units. It is unknown how these fluctuations in pH influence the growth and physiology of the kelp, or how this might change with OA. In laboratory experiments that mimicked the most extreme pH fluctuations measured within beds of the canopy-forming kelp Ecklonia radiata in Tasmania, the growth and photosynthetic rates of juvenile E. radiata were greater under fluctuating pH (8.4 in the day, 7.8 at night) than in static pH treatments (8.4, 8.1, 7.8). However, pH fluctuations had no effect on growth rates and a negative effect on photosynthesis when the mean pH of each treatment was reduced by 0.3 units. Currently, pH fluctuations have a positive effect on E. radiata but this effect could be reversed in the future under OA, which is likely to impact the future ecological dynamics and productivity of habitats dominated by E. radiata.
Protective effect of in ovo treatment with the chicken cathelicidin analog D-CATH-2 against avian pathogenic E. coli
Authors: Cuperus Tryntsje , van Dijk Albert , Matthijs Mieke G. R. , Veldhuizen Edwin J. A. , Haagsman Henk P.
Published: May 2016

Increasing antibiotic resistance and ever stricter control on antibiotic use are a driving force to develop alternatives to antibiotics. One such strategy is the use of multifunctional Host Defense Peptides. Here we examined the protective effect of prophylactic treatment with the D analog of chicken cathelicidin-2 (D-CATH-2) against a respiratory E. coli infection. Chickens were treated with D-CATH-2 in ovo at day 18 of embryonic development or intramuscularly at days 1 and 4 after hatch. At 7 days of age, birds were challenged intratracheally with avian pathogenic E. coli. Protection was evaluated by recording mortality, morbidity (Mean Lesion Score) and bacterial swabs of air sacs at 7 days post-infection. In ovo D-CATH-2 treatment significantly reduced morbidity (63%) and respiratory bacterial load (>90%), while intramuscular treatment was less effective. D-CATH-2 increased the percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes and heterophils by both administration routes. E. coli specific IgM levels were lower in in ovo treated animals compared to intramuscular D-CATH-2 treatment. In short, in ovo treatment with the Host Defense Peptide derived D-CATH-2 can partially protect chickens from E. coli infection, making this peptide an interesting starting point to develop alternatives to antibiotics for use in the poultry sector.
Relationship of Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Levels with early Atherosclerosis in Humans
Authors: Randrianarisoa Elko , Lehn-Stefan Angela , Wang Xiaolin , Hoene Miriam , Peter Andreas , Heinzmann Silke S , Zhao Xinjie , Königsrainer Ingmar , Königsrainer Alfred , Balletshofer Bernd , Machann Jürgen , Schick Fritz , Fritsche Andreas , Häring Hans-Ulrich , Xu Guowang , Lehmann Rainer , Stefan Norbert
Published: May 2016

Circulating trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) levels predict cardiovascular disease (CVD), possibly by impacting on cholesterol metabolism and oxidative stress. Because hepatic TMAO production is regulated by insulin signalling and it is unclear whether and to what extent circulating TMAO levels associate with CVD risk, independently of insulin resistance and its important determinants fatty liver and visceral obesity, we have now addressed this question in 220 subjects who participated in the Tübingen Lifestyle Intervention Program. Visceral fat mass (r = 0.40, p < 0.0001), liver fat content (r = 0.23, p = 0.0005) and TMAO levels (r = 0.26, p < 0.0001) associated positively and insulin sensitivity associated negatively (r = −0.18, p = 0.009) with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Higher TMAO levels (std.−Beta 0.11, p = 0.03) predicted increased cIMT, independently of age, sex and visceral fat mass. While during the lifestyle intervention most cardiovascular risk parameters improved, mean TMAO levels did not change (p = 0.18). However, cIMT decreased significantly (p = 0.0056) only in subjects in the tertile with the largest decrease of TMAO levels (>20%). We provide novel information that increased serum TMAO levels associate with increased cIMT, independently of established cardiovascular risk markers, including insulin resistance, visceral obesity and fatty liver. Furthermore, the decrease of cIMT during a lifestyle intervention may be related to the decrease of TMAO levels.
Efficient suilysin-mediated invasion and apoptosis in porcine respiratory epithelial cells after streptococcal infection under air-liquid interface conditions
Authors: Meng Fandan , Wu Nai-Huei , Seitz Maren , Herrler Georg , Valentin-Weigand Peter
Published: May 2016

Streptococci may colonize the epithelium in the airways and other entry sites. While local infection often remains asymptomatic, severe or even fatal diseases occur when streptococci become invasive and spread to different sites in the infected host. We have established porcine respiratory air-liquid interface cultures (ALI) from the porcine lung to analyze the interaction of streptococci with their primary target cells. As representative of the streptococcal family we chose Streptococcus suis (S. suis) that is not only a major swine respiratory pathogen but can also infect humans. Suilysin, a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC), is an important virulence factor. By comparing a S. suis wt strain with a suilysin-deficient mutant, we demonstrate that suilysin contributes to (i) adherence to airway cells (ii) loss of ciliated cells (iii) apoptosis and (iv) invasion. Furthermore, we show that cytolytic activity of suilysin is crucial for these effects. A striking result of our analysis was the high efficiency of S. suis-induced apoptosis and invasion upon infection under ALI conditions. These properties have been reported to be less efficient when analyzed with immortalized cells. We hypothesize that soluble effectors such as suilysin are present at higher concentrations in cells kept at ALI conditions and thus more effective. These results should be relevant also for infection of the respiratory tract by other respiratory pathogens.
Continuity of Monolayer-Bilayer Junctions for Localization of Lipid Raft Microdomains in Model Membranes
Authors: Ryu Yong-Sang , Wittenberg Nathan J. , Suh Jeng-Hun , Lee Sang-Wook , Sohn Youngjoo , Oh Sang-Hyun , Parikh Atul N. , Lee Sin-Doo
Published: May 2016

We show that the selective localization of cholesterol-rich domains and associated ganglioside receptors prefer to occur in the monolayer across continuous monolayer-bilayer junctions (MBJs) in supported lipid membranes. For the MBJs, glass substrates were patterned with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) oligomers by thermally-assisted contact printing, leaving behind 3 nm-thick PDMS patterns. The hydrophobicity of the transferred PDMS patterns was precisely tuned by the stamping temperature. Lipid monolayers were formed on the PDMS patterned surface while lipid bilayers were on the bare glass surface. Due to the continuity of the lipid membranes over the MBJs, essentially free diffusion of lipids was allowed between the monolayer on the PDMS surface and the upper leaflet of the bilayer on the glass substrate. The preferential localization of sphingomyelin, ganglioside GM1 and cholesterol in the monolayer region enabled to develop raft microdomains through coarsening of nanorafts. Our methodology provides a simple and effective scheme of non-disruptive manipulation of the chemical landscape associated with lipid phase separations, which leads to more sophisticated applications in biosensors and as cell culture substrates.
Characterisation of assembly and ubiquitylation by the RBCC motif of Trim5α
Authors: Keown Jeremy R. , Yang Joy X. , Douglas Jordan , Goldstone David C.
Published: May 2016

The post-entry restriction factor Trim5α blocks infection of retroviral pathogens shortly after the virus gains entry to the cell, preventing reverse transcription and integration into the host genome. Central to the mechanism of restriction is recognition of the lattice of capsid protein that forms the inner-shell of the retrovirus. To recognise this lattice, Trim5α has been shown to assemble into a large hexagonal array, complementary to the capsid lattice. Structures of the Trim5α coiled-coil region reveal an elongated anti-parallel dimer consistent with the edges of this array placing the Bbox domain at each end of the coiled-coil to facilitate assembly. To investigate the nature of this assembly we have designed and characterised a monomeric version of the TRIM RBCC motif with a truncated coiled-coil. Biophysical characterisation by SEC-MALLS, AUC and SAXS demonstrate that this construct forms compact folded domain that assembles into a trimer that would support the formation of a hexagonal lattice. Furthermore, the RING domain and elements of the coiled-coil region are shown to contribute to assembly. Ubiquitylation assays demonstrate that this assembly increases ubiquitylation activity providing a link from recognition of the capsid lattice and assembly to the activation of innate immune signalling and restriction.
Farnesiferol c induces apoptosis via regulation of L11 and c-Myc with combinational potential with anticancer drugs in non-small-cell lung cancers
Authors: Jung Ji Hoon , Kim Moon Joon , Lee Hyemin , Lee Jihyun , Kim Jaekwang , Lee Hyun Joo , Shin Eun Ah , Kim Yoon Hyeon , Kim Bonglee , Shim Bum Sang , Kim Sung-Hoon
Published: May 2016

Though Farnesiferol c (FC) has been reported to have anti-angiogenic and antitumor activity, the underlying antitumor mechanism of FC still remains unclear. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the apoptotic mechanism of FC in human H1299 and H596 non-small lung cancer cells (NSCLCs). FC significantly showed cytotoxicity, increased sub-G1 accumulation, and attenuated the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Survivin and procaspase 3 in H1299 and H596 cells. Furthermore, FC effectively suppressed the mRNA expression of G1 arrest related genes such as Cyclin D1, E2F1 transcription factor and CDC25A by RT-PCR. Interestingly, FC inhibited the expression of c-Myc, ribosomal protein L11 (L11) and nucleolin (NCL) in H1299 and H596 cells. Of note, silencing of L11 by siRNA transfection enhanced the expression of c-Myc through a negative feedback mechanism, while c-Myc knockdown downregulated L11 in H1299 cells. Additionally, combined treatment of FC and puromycin/doxorubicin promoted the activation of caspase 9/3, and attenuated the expression of c-Myc, Cyclin D1 and CDK4 in H1299 cells compared to single treatment. Taken together, our findings suggest that FC induces apoptosis and G1 arrest via regulation of ribosomal protein L11 and c-Myc and also enhances antitumor effect of puromycin or doxorubicin in NSCLCs.
Combinatorial development of antibacterial Zr-Cu-Al-Ag thin film metallic glasses
Authors: Liu Yanhui , Padmanabhan Jagannath , Cheung Bettina , Liu Jingbei , Chen Zheng , Scanley B. Ellen , Wesolowski Donna , Pressley Mariyah , Broadbridge Christine C. , Altman Sidney , Schwarz Udo D. , Kyriakides Themis R. , Schroers Jan
Published: May 2016

Metallic alloys are normally composed of multiple constituent elements in order to achieve integration of a plurality of properties required in technological applications. However, conventional alloy development paradigm, by sequential trial-and-error approach, requires completely unrelated strategies to optimize compositions out of a vast phase space, making alloy development time consuming and labor intensive. Here, we challenge the conventional paradigm by proposing a combinatorial strategy that enables parallel screening of a multitude of alloys. Utilizing a typical metallic glass forming alloy system Zr-Cu-Al-Ag as an example, we demonstrate how glass formation and antibacterial activity, two unrelated properties, can be simultaneously characterized and the optimal composition can be efficiently identified. We found that in the Zr-Cu-Al-Ag alloy system fully glassy phase can be obtained in a wide compositional range by co-sputtering and antibacterial activity is strongly dependent on alloy compositions. Our results indicate that antibacterial activity is sensitive to Cu and Ag while essentially remains unchanged within a wide range of Zr and Al. The proposed strategy not only facilitates development of high-performing alloys, but also provides a tool to unveil the composition dependence of properties in a highly parallel fashion, which helps the development of new materials by design.
Medial plantar nerve ligation as a novel model of neuropathic pain in mice: pharmacological and molecular characterization
Authors: Sant’Anna Morena B. , Kusuda Ricardo , Bozzo Tiago A. , Bassi Gabriel S. , Alves-Filho José C. , Cunha Fernando Q. , Ferreira Sergio H. , Souza Guilherme R. , Cunha Thiago M.
Published: May 2016

Peripheral neuropathic pain is a consequence of an injury/disease of the peripheral nerves. The mechanisms involved in its pathophysiology are not entirely understood. To better understand the mechanisms involved in the development of peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain, more experimental models are required. Here, we developed a novel peripheral neuropathic pain model in mice by using a minimally invasive surgery and medial plantar nerve ligation (MPNL). After MPNL, mechanical allodynia was established and mice quickly recovered from the surgery without any significant motor impairment. MPNL causes an increased expression of ATF-3 in the sensory neurons. At 14 days after surgery, gabapentin was capable of reversing the mechanical allodynia, whereas anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids were ineffective. MPNL-induced neuropathic pain was mediated by glial cells activation and the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in the spinal cord. These results indicate MPNL as a reasonable animal model for the study of peripheral neuropathic pain, presenting analgesic pharmacological predictivity to clinically used drugs. The results also showed molecular phenotypic changes similar to other peripheral neuropathic pain models, with the advantage of a lack of motor impairment. These features indicate that MPNL might be more appropriate for the study of neuropathic pain than classical models.
Robotic-assisted surgery versus open surgery in the treatment of rectal cancer: the current evidence
Authors: Liao Guixiang , Li Yan-Bing , Zhao Zhihong , Li Xianming , Deng Haijun , Li Gang
Published: May 2016

The aim of this meta-analysis was to comprehensively compare the safety and efficacy of robotic-assisted rectal cancer surgery (RRCS) and open rectal cancer surgery (ORCS). Electronic database (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge and the Cochrane Library) searches were conducted for all relevant studies that compared the short-term and long-term outcomes between RRCS and ORCS. Odds ratios (ORs), mean differences and hazard ratios were calculated. Seven studies involving 1074 patients with rectal cancer were identified for this meta-analysis. Compared with ORCS, RRCS is associated with a lower estimated blood loss (mean difference [MD]: −139.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −159.11 to −120.86; P < 0.00001), shorter hospital stay length (MD: −2.10, 95% CI: −3.47 to −0.73; P = 0.003), lower intraoperative transfusion requirements (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.99, P = 0.05), shorter time to flatus passage (MD: −0.97, 95% CI = −1.06 to −0.88, P < 0.00001) and shorter time to resume a normal diet (MD: −1.71.95% CI = −3.31 to −0.12, P = 0.04). There were no significant differences in surgery-related complications, oncologic clearance, disease-free survival and overall survival between the two groups. However, RRCS was associated with a longer operative time. RRCS is safe and effective.
Fabrication and evaluation of a novel polymeric hydrogel of carboxymethyl chitosan-g-polyacrylic acid (CMC-g-PAA) for oral insulin delivery
Authors: Zhang Jing , Liang Xiaoyang , Zhang Ying , Shang Qing
Published: May 2016

The CMC-g-PAA hydrogels could release INS in alkaline environment (i.e. intestinal), specifically. This method could prevent IND from destroying by pepsase. Therefore, the CMC-g-PAA hydrogel had a potential application on the oral delivery of protein drugs.
Electrospun functionalized polyacrylonitrile–chitosan Bi-layer membranes for water filtration applications
Authors: Makaremi Maziyar , Lim Chia Xin , Pasbakhsh Pooria , Lee Sui Mae , Goh Kheng Lim , Chang Hengky , Chan Eng Seng
Published: May 2016

The demand for clean drinking water is fundamental for human life and it has sparked immense interest in production of highly efficient filtration devices which employ advanced functional nanosized materials such as nanofibers.
Alteration of intermolecular interactions between units of asphaltene dimers exposed to an amide-enriched modifier
Authors: Mousavi Masoumeh , Pahlavan Farideh , Oldham Daniel , Abdollahi Tahereh , Fini Ellie H.
Published: May 2016

The modified performance of bio-modified asphalt-binder is attributed to the alteration of intermolecular interactions between units of asphaltene stacks exposed to the bio-additive.
Loading an organophosphorous flame retardant into halloysite nanotubes for modifying UV-curable epoxy resin
Authors: Zheng Tiancheng , Ni Xiuyuan
Published: May 2016

Novel flame-resistant UV-curable epoxy (EP) composites were prepared using the organophosphorous flame retardant dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) which was loaded into halloysite nanotubes (HNTs).
Synthesis and characterization of PLGA nanoparticle/4-arm-PEG hybrid hydrogels with controlled porous structures
Authors: Zhuang Yaping , Shen Hong , Yang Fei , Wang Xing , Wu Decheng
Published: May 2016

Here, we constructed PLGA NP crosslinked 4-arm-PEG hybrid hydrogels with adjustable porous structures, surface properties and mechanical properties.
Fabrication of AIE-active amphiphilic fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles through host–guest interaction
Authors: Chen Junyu , Luo Songsong , Xu Dazhuang , Xue Yun , Huang Hongye , Wan Qing , Liu Meiying , Zhang Xiaoyong , Wei Yen
Published: May 2016

Novel polymeric luminescent nanoprobes with aggregation induced emission (AIE) properties were fabricatedviahost–guest interaction between the β-CD pendant copolymers and adamantane-terminated AIE dye.
Concise syntheses of bridged morpholines
Authors: Zaytsev Andrey V. , Pickles James E. , Harnor Suzannah J. , Henderson Alistair P. , Alyasiri Mohammed , Waddell Paul G. , Cano Celine , Griffin Roger J. , Golding Bernard T.
Published: May 2016

Practical syntheses of 8-oxa-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane and 9-oxa-3-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, useful intermediates for synthesising kinase inhibitors, were achieved from readily available starting materials, using a solvent-free thermolytic cyclisation for the key step.
Competitive adsorption of VOCs from binary aqueous mixtures on zeolite ZSM-5
Authors: Pasti L. , Rodeghero E. , Sarti E. , Bosi V. , Cavazzini A. , Bagatin R. , Martucci A.
Published: May 2016

Adsorption equilibria of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)/toluene (TOL), and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE)/MTBE binary mixtures in aqueous solution on ZSM-5 were measured over a wide range of concentrations.
The combination of adsorption by functionalized halloysite nanotubes and encapsulation by polyelectrolyte coatings for sustained drug delivery
Authors: Li Hui , Zhu Xiaohong , Xu Jiangfeng , Peng Wei , Zhong Shian , Wang Yan
Published: May 2016

A novel organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposite was established for the sustained release of an analgesic.
Microcasting with agarose gel via degassed polydimethylsiloxane molds for repellency-guided cell patterning
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Moriguchi Hiroyuki , Sato Asako , Kawai Takayuki , Shimba Kenta , Jimbo Yasuhiko , Tanaka Yo
Published: May 2016

A simple method for micro-casting with agarose gel was developed. Vacuum pressure in a degassed PDMS elastomer acted as a driving force for introducing agarose solution into micro-channels. The repellency of agarose well-guided cell adhesion area.
Tetraphenylethylene-based fluorescent coordination polymers for drug delivery
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Weiqi , Xie Zhigang
Published: May 2016

Porous nanoscale coordination polymers possess morphology-dependent enhanced luminescence and are used for drug loading and delivery.
Star-shaped fluorescent liquid crystals derived from s-triazine and 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties
Authors: Pradhan Balaram , Pathak Suraj Kumar , Gupta Ravindra Kumar , Gupta Monika , Pal Santanu Kumar , Achalkumar Ammathnadu S.
Published: May 2016

Star-shaped molecules with a central triazine core appended with three 1,3,4-oxadiazole arms have been designed with the variation in the number, length and pattern of peripheral chain substitution.
Highly efficient blue-green organic light-emitting diodes achieved by controlling the anionic migration of cationic iridium(iii) complexes
Authors: Ma Dongxin , Zhang Chen , Qiu Yong , Duan Lian
Published: May 2016

Highly efficient blue-green emitting diodes are attained by wisely controlling the anionic migration of cationic iridium(iii) complexes with different-sized counter-ions.
Mastering heterostructured colloidal nanocrystal properties for light-emitting diodes and solar cells
Authors: Mastria R. , Rizzo A.
Published: May 2016

The advent of surfactant-assisted synthesis of thermodynamically stable colloidalsolutions of NCs has led to the possibility of building heterostructured NCs (HNCs) comprising two or more different materials joined together. By tailoring the composition, shape and size of each component, HNCs with gradually higher levels of complexity have been realized, endowing them with outstanding characteristics and optoelectronic properties.
The ratio Oxygen/Zinc effect on photoluminescence emission line at 3.31 eV in ZnO nanowires
Authors: Jabri S. , Souissi H. , Lusson A. , Sallet V. , Meftah A. , Galtier P. , Oueslati M.
Published: May 2016

We have studied the photoluminescence emission line at 3.31 eV in ZnO nanowires. In undoped ZnO, this band strongly depends on high oxygen concentration and could originate from recombination of bound-exciton complex related to structural defects. Conversely, in doped ones, the photoluminescence emission appears notably at a low VI/II ratio and with the emergence of donor-acceptor pair emission due to the presence of α-No nitrogen complex, which acts as a shallow acceptor in ZnO. We found that this band corresponds to 3LO, the third phonon replica of resonant Raman scattering. Furthermore, a remarkable variation is detected in a number of resonant Raman scattering multiphonons.
Authorial Voices and the Sense of an Ending in Persian Diaries: Notes on Eʿtemād al-Saltaneh and ʿAlam
Authors: Gheissari Ali
Published: May 2016

This essay examines certain common themes as well as conflicting voices in two extensive sets of Persian diaries, written almost a century apart, by Mohammad-Hasan Khān Eʿtemād al-Saltaneh (1843‒96), a long-time courtier and confidant of Nāser al-Din Shah Qajar (r. 1848‒86) and Asadollāh ʿAlam (1919‒78) a close associate and court minister of Mohammad-Reza Shah Pahlavi (r. 1941‒79). On the whole these diaries provide significant amounts of information about the inner workings of the court and the overall institutional setup of the Iranian state in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Although in writing their diaries these authors did not set out to produce a literary work, and nor did they intend to chronicle a general history, each in his own way captured his respective epoch and, within their limitations of time, scope, and insight, each reflected a broad range of private and social relationships. Also each in his own way echoed older ministerial voices, reminiscent of the voice that often resonates in the “mirror for princes” genre, of part player part intimate observer, and with a certain sense of admonition and resignation, lamenting the loss of an era which they felt was slipping away as they wrote.
From aspirations to practice: curriculum challenges for a new ‘twenty‐first‐century’ secondary school
Authors: McPhail Graham J.
Published: May 2016

This paper reports on the initial stages of an empirical study of a new secondary school in New Zealand. The school vision and organisation reflect current international twenty‐first‐century learning discourse by confronting long‐established beliefs concerning the nature of education and knowledge and the roles of teachers and students. The school's focus is on developing the dispositions and competencies of students through thematic, intersubject, inquiry‐based learning. While these twenty‐first‐century ideas appear widely accepted worldwide, there is little research on the impact of these ideas on student learning. This study considers the challenges faced by the school in moving from aspirational vision to curriculum enactment during its first 18 months of operation. The focus of this paper is the curriculum design and development process. The issues faced by staff in this twenty‐first‐century school will be of interest to educationalists worldwide who are involved with the planning of new schools and curricular innovation within existing schools. Four key questions that arise from the study and that will form the focus of future research are identified.
W5″ Test: A simple method for measuring mean power output in the bench press exercise
Authors: Tous‐Fajardo Julio , Moras Gerard , Rodríguez‐Jiménez Sergio , Gonzalo‐Skok Oliver , Busquets Albert , Mujika Iñigo
Published: May 2016

The aims of the present study were to assess the validity and reliability of a novel simple test [Five Seconds Power Test (W5″ Test)] for estimating the mean power output during the bench press exercise at different loads, and its sensitivity to detect training‐induced changes. Thirty trained young men completed as many repetitions as possible in a time of ≈5 s at 25%, 45%, 65% and 85% of one‐repetition maximum (1RM) in two test sessions separated by four days. The number of repetitions, linear displacement of the bar and time needed to complete the test were recorded by two independent testers, and a linear encoder was used as the criterion measure. For each load, the mean power output was calculated in the W5″ Test as mechanical work per time unit and compared with that obtained from the linear encoder. Subsequently, 20 additional subjects (10 training group vs. 10 control group) were assessed before and after completing a seven‐week training programme designed to improve maximal power. Results showed that both assessment methods correlated highly in estimating mean power output at different loads (r range: 0.86–0.94; p < .01) and detecting training‐induced changes (R2: 0.78). Good to excellent intra‐tester (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) range: 0.81–0.97) and excellent inter‐tester (ICC range: 0.96–0.99; coefficient of variation range: 2.4–4.1%) reliability was found for all loads. The W5″ Test was shown to be a valid, reliable and sensitive method for measuring mean power output during the bench press exercise in subjects who have previous resistance training experience.
Effects of resistance training on expression of IGF‐I splice variants in younger and older men
Authors: Ahtiainen Juha P. , Hulmi Juha J. , Lehti Maarit , Kraemer William J. , Nyman Kai , Selänne Harri , Alen Markku , Komulainen Jyrki , Kovanen Vuokko , Mero Antti A. , Philippou Anastassios , Laakkonen Eija K. , Häkkinen Keijo
Published: May 2016

Insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and its splice variants Insulin‐like growth factor‐I isoform Ea (IGF‐IEa) and mechano growth factor (MGF) may play an important role in muscular adaptations to resistance training (RT) that may be modulated by ageing. It has been suggested that IGF‐I induces cellular responses via AKT8 virus oncogene cellular homolog (Akt) and Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (Erk) signalling pathways. Therefore, resistance exercise‐induced changes in skeletal muscle IGF‐IEa and MGF messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), and MGF, Erk1/2, Akt and p70S6K protein expression were investigated before and after 21 weeks of RT in younger (YM, 20–34 yrs., n = 7) and older men (OM, 51–71 yrs., n = 10). Experimental resistance exercises (RE) of 5 × 10 repetition maximum leg presses were performed pre‐ and post‐RT. Muscle biopsies were obtained before and 48 h after REs, to study the late response to muscle loading. The muscle proteins or mRNAs of interest were not systematically influenced by the REs or RT, except for MGF mRNA expression which was increased (p < .01) following RE before RT in OM. No differences were observed between YM and OM in any variables. This study demonstrated that basal levels or RE‐induced responses in skeletal muscle MGF, Erk1/2, Akt and p70S6K protein levels or IGF‐IEa and MGF mRNA expression did not differ between YM and OM, nor change systematically due to RT. Thus, ageing appears not to effect expression of the present signalling molecules involved in skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
Does previous healthcare experience increase success in physician assistant training?
Authors: Hegmann Theresa , Iverson Katie
Published: May 2016

Objective:

Healthcare experience is used by many physician assistant (PA) programs to rank applicants. Despite a large healthcare literature base evaluating admissions factors, little information is available on the relationship of healthcare experience and educational outcomes. We aimed to test whether previous healthcare experience is associated with increased success during the clinical portion of the PA educational process.

Methods:

Hours of direct healthcare experience reported on Central Application Service for Physician Assistants applications for 124 students in the classes of 2009 through 2013 were associated with a calculated average preceptor evaluation score for each student and with average standardized-patient examination scores for a subset of students.

Results:

Average student age was 28.7 years and median healthcare experience was 2,257 hours (range 390-16,400). Previous healthcare experience was not significantly correlated with preceptor evaluations or standardized-patient examination scores.

Conclusions:

This 5-year single institution pilot study did not support the hypothesis that healthcare experience is associated with improved clinical year outcomes.
Riociguat for pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Pitonzo David , Archambault Mark E.
Published: May 2016

Riociguat is newly approved by the FDA for treatment of patients with groups 1 or 4 pulmonary hypertension. Although several vasodilators are on the market for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension group 1, none have been shown to be invariably effective in the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Head Elevation and Intraocular Pressure in Glaucoma
Authors: Park Ji-Hye , Nam Ki Tae , Yoo Chungkwon , Kim Yong Yeon
Published: May 2016

Purpose

To investigate the effect of different methods of head elevation on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG).

Methods

Seventy-one patients of OAG were included in this prospective observational study. We measured IOP in the sitting position and in the supine positions with head flat and 30-degree up using two different methods: (1) bed head elevation (BHE) and (2) using multiple pillows (MP). We measured IOP using Tonopen AVIA in both eyes 10 minutes after assuming each position in a randomized sequence. By comparing the mean deviation (MD) of visual field between both eyes of a patient, we classified the eyes into either the better-MD eye or worse-MD eye.

Results

Compared with that measured in the supine position with head flat, the mean IOP was significantly lower when measured in the supine position with the head 30 degrees up by BHE, with an average drop of 2.0 mmHg (p < 0.001), whereas the mean IOP did not differ significantly when measured in the supine position with head 30 degrees up using MP (p = 0.081). Twenty-five (35.2%) patients showed IOP elevation when the head was kept up by MP. Compared between the better-MD and worse-MD eye, the IOPs did not differ in all positions. The mean IOP of the better-MD eye was lower in the 30-degree head-up (−1.9 mmHg, BHE; −0.8 mmHg, MP) positions compared with that in the flat-lying position, whereas the mean IOP of the worse-MD eye did not differ between the lying flat position and the head-up position with MP.

Conclusions

Different head-elevating methods had different influences on IOPs of glaucoma patients in the supine position. Although raising the bed head by 30 degrees significantly lowers IOP compared to the supine position, resting on multiple pillows does not appear to offer the same IOP reduction in glaucoma patients.
Distribution law of corrosion pits on steel suspension wires for a tied arch bridge
Authors: Miao Changqing , Yu Jie , Mei Mingxing
Published: May 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to research steel wire corrosion pitting distribution characteristics and evolution, the shape, number and size of corrosion pits from one tied arch bridge were tested, analyzed and researched.

Design/methodology/approach

The probability distribution model of corrosion pits of different shapes was established, and the law of corrosion pit growth and evolution was researched. The relationship between the steel wire local corrosion parameters and the average degree of corrosion was explored.

Findings

The results revealed that the pits of steel wires can be divided into four categories of shapes: a deep ellipsoidal shape, a shallow ellipsoidal shape, a groove shape and a saddle shape. When developing to a certain degree, the small dark narrow type corrosion pit will turn into a large open pit of either a shallow ellipsoidal shape, a groove shape or a saddle shape.

Originality/value

The maximum depth of the corrosion pits was close to the Weibull distribution, and the maximum width and length of the wire corrosion pits were close to the logarithmic normal distribution, causing a large error when using a uniform corrosion model of steel wire mechanics.
Supply chain integration opportunities for the offshore wind industry
Authors: Martinez Neri Ivan Francisco
Published: May 2016

Purpose

This paper surveys the literature on supply chain integration (SCI) to identify the state of research in the various types of studied industries and manufacturing environments. The purpose of this paper is to identify academic discoveries that could provide offshore wind projects with means to overcome their current supply chain challenges.

Design/methodology/approach

A comprehensive literature review was conducted involving 162 articles published in 29 peer-reviewed journals. The papers were analyzed in terms of the dimensions of SCI, research methodology, unit of analysis, level of analysis, type of industry and manufacturing environment being studied, integrative practices, integrative barriers and the link between SCI and performance.

Findings

While SCI has been evolving to become an influential topic in the field of supply chain management, scholars have overlooked industrial contingencies by ignoring the differences between the studied industrial contexts, especially project-based manufacturing environments. The present review also reveals that no study of SCI has been conducted on the construction of renewable energy projects. Another finding is that case studies and research articles using networks as a unit of analysis are underrepresented.

Originality/value

This is the first work to advocate for an industrial contingency approach in the analysis of SCI. Thus, it proposes the offshore wind farm-construction industry as a potential study subject to broaden the knowledge in SCI in project manufacturing environments.
Using design thinking to engage autistic students in participatory design of an online toolkit to help with transition into higher education
Authors: Fabri Marc , Andrews Phoenix C.S. , Pukki Heta K.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to reflect on engaging young autistic people in the participatory design of the Autism
&
Uni online toolkit. The purpose of the toolkit is to provide autistic students with information and strategies for dealing with the challenges they may encounter when entering higher education. The study adds to existing research on participatory design by considering the specific needs and contributions of autistic people who are of average or higher intelligence, academically competent and generally articulate, a group that has received limited attention hitherto.

Design/methodology/approach

– The research used a five-step design thinking approach and engaged multiple stakeholders at different points. The paper covers the whole process, paying particular attention to the final two steps of prototyping and testing. During three participatory design workshops, autistic people acted as co-designers and co-creators.

Findings

– The workshops were effective in engaging participants in various design activities and rich discussions. Several assumptions about capabilities and preferences of autistic people were challenged. Design thinking proved a suitable framework for involving this group in the creation of solutions that serve their needs.

Research limitations/implications

– Because of the low number of workshop participants (11), research results may lack generalisability. Also, the workshop format with its focus on group activities may discourage some autistic people to take part. Further work is needed to explore this and to confirm the reported findings.

Practical implications

– The paper offers practical advice regarding how to involve autistic people in co-design activities.

Social implications

– The research contributes to a strength-based view of autism, rather than one that focuses on deficits.

Originality/value

– The paper provides new perspectives on the strengths of autistic people in participatory design settings, with a focus on those autistic people who are of average or higher intelligence and able to communicate effectively.
Stock acquisitions, investor recognition, and announcement returns
Authors: Lei Adam Y.C. , Li Huihua
Published: May 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis that relative to a cash acquisition, a stock acquisition would increase the bidder’s investor base and lower Merton’s (1987) shadow cost, which in turn contributes positively to the bidder announcement return.

Design/methodology/approach

– Using the number of registered shareholders and measures of institutional ownership as the proxies for investor base and investor recognition, this paper compares their changes and the changes in shadow cost between bidders using different methods of payment. The authors examine the relation between the shadow cost reduction and bidder announcement return in a multivariate framework.

Findings

– This paper finds that given the target type, bidders using stocks experience significantly larger increases in their investor bases and investor recognition than bidders using cash. Additionally, only bidders using stocks experience significant decreases in their shadow costs. In a multivariate framework, the change in the shadow cost has a negative and significant effect on the bidder announcement return in the sample of stock acquisitions and the subsample of bidders using stocks to acquire private targets. These findings support the authors’ hypothesis and suggest that the less established bidders acquiring private targets in particular benefit from the shadow cost reduction.

Originality/value

– This paper provides the direct evidence that investor recognition matters in mergers and acquisitions. The findings also provide a complementary explanation for the documented positive bidder returns when bidders use stocks to acquire private targets.
Testing for changes in option-implied risk aversion
Authors: Gagnon Marie-Hélène , Power Gabriel J.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate and test for changes in investor risk aversion and the stochastic discount factor (SDF) using options data on the West Texas Intermediate crude oil futures contract during the 2007-2011 period.

Design/methodology/approach

– Risk aversion functions and SDFs are estimated using parametric approaches before and after four specific dates of interest. The dates are: the summer 2008 end of the bull market regime; the late 2008 credit freeze trough; the BP Deepwater Horizon explosion; and the Libyan uprising.

Findings

– Absolute risk aversion functions and SDFs are significantly flatter (less decreasing in wealth) after the end of the bull market and the credit freeze trough. After these two market reversals, oil market participants were less risk-averse for low levels of wealth but more risk-averse for high wealth levels. Oil market investors also increased their valuation of anticipated future wealth in average states of nature relative to very high or very low-asset return states after reversals. The BP explosion and the Libyan uprising led to steeper risk aversion functions (decreasing more rapidly in wealth) and SDF. Oil market investors were more risk-averse for lower future wealth, but less risk-averse for higher future wealth. Oil market investors increased their valuation of anticipated future wealth in extreme states of nature relative to average states of nature after both dates.

Originality/value

– Documenting statistically and economically significant changes in oil market investors’ attitude toward risk and inter-temporal appetite for risk in relation to changes in financial and political conditions.